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ʱĳٱ˫ȱ߸߼ɳ˫ԣ緺Ƶˮ棬һԷдǽģҧͣԵֵξƵǹ帧οڵУָо̫ǿˣŽڵʱŲû˿٣ǿңĻҪʶһ㡣
ξ˵ˣĹȽشʱɽպξһִεķ֮£ѪΣ͸ڵĶҪˡ
ౡǷʪ̰ԵС죬鲻Խſ˱ξӤȭͷСĳͷÿһŰܵĿƣͬʧһ㣬̧
ûУٱⱲӴûֿС
šҪŶŶŶ
һεκҺʼӶͷε˳޳Ĳһ·ֱ£һʱһʱһʱһʱǿüʱʱչһ˫ĺ¶Ŀ̲ÿбۿξƵʱ򶼻¶һ˿Թ顣
˿֯˿ն£ںˮĽ͸¼縳ճüңһ˿֮ɫšСӣҪҪɨأ㣬Ŷſġ
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ܣȫϡ
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ٱƵˮ󣬽̬̣βĽξƵͳ֮綹һ»ζ˿Ҳ絯ҡ˦š
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247

ɽ꣬һҹԲϸշ˸Ů˶ξƽ׼ڼŮ֮ǿһ棬Աһ棬˵书ͨ񣬵ѱûʱ٣ְҵǾ죬׼ķûз֮˵ˣ˹פ֮Чഺ
ͺѾϰô˹ξƵİҲСˣ˶˲ýУԴϰԪ֮󣬾ٱһղޣûоĸ֮ʱ㵽̨ɡ
Ů֪ҹʣδ㱻ξǿдߴ뿪ůıѣԹݣʣǳٱƣŮξǰģټҹһ꣬ڴϲ𣬵ξƲòʩͽ䣬Ĳ鲻Ը̨
ҹδȴҲһ˿أҷ죬Ҳ
ǵģڷʲôѽúõĲ˯ƫҪҪҲͰˣҪǸŵã
˵˵ųٱִ˹ǷҲſڡ
ƽ㣬ϹҪ񹦣ѱ˯ˡ
񹦣Ǻǣ㻹ϲιιůֲѽǵģ̬Լ̬Ҳ͵ˣҲҪű̬
һ죬ٱƿҲûһۣ֣һԴſ˯ȥ
ҲֻгٱƸô޼ɵξƣˣûӡЩĽĿ˳ٱһۣ˵ҡҡͷ
ں԰ˣ鷿ûйشȻһٱŮ֮У绹δĳ֮⣬ξ谮ģⲻΪǵһΪξƵŮˣڻξƵĺӣҲξǰ˼ӡ
ٱƣƺƣȴ֮͸ζٲȻһ̫ļƣҵϷξƣһŭǸӼͻݵŮˣʱʱΪξ룬裬һ۾ͿĺٱЩֳˣΣȻξƵĺӣȴǴ֮ξƣź
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СԾʵڲԼ۾ղſȴʵֻξ֣һʯͷͷɵ

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𣿡
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ʵʲôͨ˵˵ֻγ֮ƺؾͿ
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ξһһЦشûа㲻ͷ˵˹ʲôʩչɲʩչṦɲԵˮɱɲۻ򣬿ɲԷУк绽Щⶼ˳
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ԥ²ŵ⹦פ𣿡
һ⻰ŮĿͶ˹ſ˯ĳٱҲ˶䡣
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ȲһŵĹȿʼΪԼ绤
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248

ԴҪһŸ֮֮ǰǿԼԼϲˣƾͶʧ͸˵ʲôΪҸ룬Щ֮ǰŲɣôҲĸףẦԼֻ˼һЩظΪһ֮˽ŮҸ
ǣڵ컹ĸȫһ֮ͽһһε˺ĸףֻҪǮǮƺһжҪ֮ǰǰ˵죬Ϊ⡣
ʱ֣ԴʳԺѾһүﾭͲãǷһǮ¥ԺŬ׬Ǯʡʱ򣬵ȴ˴ϰļӣʦзԱֺУЩҲͲ˵ˣҪݵŮʲô˵ֻԼŬ׬ǮТ
ҪҲ͵ˣȴ˼ϣ䱾ҪͷԳɻ飬ȫǱȣĸ׺ңȫȫΪģĸȻûʲôµڼּң᲻ó᲻ôһϰȴ¼Ӱտ̯ûԱ
ЩҲҲΪĸƽʱ̲ס˵˵ףĸ¸ҵҪֶ֧֮Һܸˣϣĸ׹ĺá
Ȼ첻ҪֻҪǮôƻʲôɹ˼ģǾ˾˺λԣ˺ƤϾλԴС󶼶ܺãɥʧԡ
ǮưҧŬ׬Ǯһ׬һ
ֲһε⼸Ѿȫλ˽һ飬ȻξһЩ̸мɣ¶һҪݴ¡
ϲǣ̸൱ɹ˵֮жԷϰûжǣһڴӦʽһСС⣬ԷԸ֧߰ĶҲûʲôûɵģϾǼʮĴ󵥣˫ҪΪԷΪһСǮʣ˵ͬѾǩˡ
ϰ壬죬ģھͻع˾ٷĻͿԵ
Ǻǣģܲ˾ŵģǰͺ͹˾;
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ԶԶȥıӰаĿһǱСˣȻӦҵҪҲͰһᣬٺ٣
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ˣɱģµ׶ûǮôãģ
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Ĳ
СԥʵҪ֪ǰɲôöԸģһѶԷˣСĳԱס㱣סˣԺͲһɰӣҪɻˡ
Ҳǵ⣬ϵı粻Ȼǰ͸ͷĴսڼ˭ʤ˭ڻδ֪֮ͷʵۺ񣬵ǰǱذҲǺǵģߣҽӡ
ǣ
ǸԵģǰһҪСӣӢ۾Ҹӽа壬ߺߣݣǶŰɣһҪץҵūǧΡ
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ϰ롣
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Ŷҵûע⣬Ǻǣлл㰡ܣȥһƾ
ǺǣûʲôСôǿԺ϶Ҫڹ˾һء
ﻰһ
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ҵƾƾǸʮ긾ŮһĵӣʱƳƣǺǣƾ
Сʽûǲܷģ㲻֪𣿡
ƾ˵ϵĵݣƤЦⲻЦĿơ
֪ԷѾ֧˶𣬶Ҳǩ˺⣬ҶԷҲ˵ˣֻҪ͸˼Ǵ˾ʰɣ
Ҳģǲϸչ°£Ǯȫ˾Ͳܸ¡
ƾһ¹ӡ
һ⻰ƶʱΪˣģǻģͨһ²𣿡
ͨҿɵˣɣȥǮܰɣֻҪû⡣
ΣǮİ칫ңһ˵Ǯܣ㿴Էǰǹ˾Ͽͻбϵģο鷳
Ǯļ˰죬û˵һ仰ƺǽţǮֳʲôӡ
֮ǮڷļƳơ
Ǯܣûûɣ
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ŶʮĴ󵥣ôס
ξЦƣ
һ⻰ƲˣⲻǶ˵˵⻹װΪݵ˼ҿһڵ׼ǰǰʮΣˮ˵ˣ£ߣ
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ξһЦ
ƶʱ˰죬ǡ˼ƭģǵģɨˣ˼ҵһϢ㣬ߣͻɨҵˣҲ֪䡣
һôĴ󵥣Ҷµģɸ˻ˣ˷ܵĴӹ˾һ·Сξƣξ࿴һǣûξϿκ͵Ŀ⣬һɣɴģߣ̫ˡ
СƵģ졣
ξЦеĹСӣôˣҿѽ˵ѽţ
ξƳ£װǻСѽǰզûأԭôܸɣ̫˼ˣ̶̼ôĿͻԺ󻹡

ΪЦҲ̫ˣϡ
Ȼ˵ȴϲ̵ģһֱԴʶξƿʼξƾһ;֪С죬û飬ҲûжĻ¾õĽӴξƲΪ׺ͣ˵Ȥؿ㣬ҺǲѧϵĴ˼άո߳ѧУ԰ŮԶԶģԣ̵뷨ξƵӰҲߴ
ξ۹һСƣҺܺ棬Էʲô˾
ξƻƵŴΣһеСҵԱϵȱһôĵҶԷʲôҪûᣬʵΥ
ֲ

ѽ֪ѽϰи

ξﾫһƳƣ˼ĵ˵ͷȻξưٹʵ飬֪ġ
ʶ
ʶǺǣ˵˵ˣǳԷɡ
Ŷ
Ʋ
ˣǷԻ𣿡
ξһʡ




249

ҹɫŨҫ紵ɢҹƲ㣬⡣԰Ƶ꣬һ޺ɢ貹⻪ǾƵ¥ĳ͵Ļᴩ¥õƬҫĿʣԶԶtҹɫµһ
ݻ
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ǸĽأͨ˼ԶһۣҲᱻݻ̶壬Բλࡣ
ƵԱߣһƬסլʱһǰУŻĿбӡյϣվʮУЩһװվԷɡ
ͻȻһ˴ӲС
Ǹǳ˳ôҲˣһΪţǾﱻˣ˹ˣֲ죬ϰ嵽ڸʲôۻ᲻ɡ
Ǻǣҿɣ¿»аҪ˳ɣϰҪ̡
ʲôҪ飿
֪Ҳû˵ױˣ֪֪
˾һԣۿų˳һˡ
ϰ롣
ţ
бۿյһˣװױʹ˸ɫ㾶ֱڣȻţϴţ෨;ϴ󾰿ڣȴܳڴˡ
üͷһǰѰλ£һѹ󣬱㾲Ҳ˵ĬĿ˸²ܳǵ⣬Ǽɵֻܳǻɣܳ˾٣ΪΡ
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ܳΪ̨ȡһ֣ħֲ
ЩˣֻħֲĻԱħֲһھۻһΣҲֻʱ򣬻ԱŻ룬죬Ŀǰ̬ȻֻѲ²⣬еĻԱᵽ
ħֲɭϣǵ֮ᣬĿǰԱʮˣЩˣ޲ǻСҾӪһЩùĸϴ
ǲǻڣʮһŴѻеĺڰȦڣ͵ƭƶĶŸ˵ǵϵһôǾǵһֵǵеķӡ
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ĿǰǰЩͨЩǽͷݣûʲôʵҲڵǴĺڵ˵ڵɱôǾ鱨
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ܳȻֻһ̣Ĳ̨벻һ㣬ûڱ֧֣ܳ⵨ӣ̻Ạ̊́ͽмԴҸ
οŲƴ֣ڻҵĶ࣬ЩҵԼӪֻչعɣӪֻǼ԰Ƶꡣ
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257

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Цǰᶼˡ




261

·Ͱٸ㳡ԱߵĹ˽ڻУǳʱƷƼ֮أĪ˵ǱˣοһΡĻֵѡ
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һ´ɳվƱЦȻŻˣǻʲô˰ӣ˵Բԣ
һ䣬ȻûʲôԼŮˣɸģŭȵģ-Ķ굽ǿȥˣûģӦһ
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˶ǻԼһƬģʿ󣬲ǳǵĻǺڵģǹܡ
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γһţܳһ磬ǰʮŵЩŵǰձൽɡ֮һ֧Ļˡ
ĸǶ֪ǰˣԺܶطҪź磬֮ǰǸų˳ҵģ񻻶ˡ
ΪǺܵϵĻԺ϶Բ˶ߣ̨ǿ϶ģûԶпܣԣеĻȻ˵࣬ʲô˵ʲô
Ҳãһһѡ
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Щĸ֮һͷԣ۾͸Ż龢СξʶˣǷΰ
ΰȥ˲صȣĲɵӣôҲ
ΰղŻʱڴ￴һˣһǾ죬ƹⰵϸ͵˼ۣȷˣξơ




262֮

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ʱ䣬ȫ֮˽סˣһʧɫܺɫϣǳ鴤ŭĿֱɵɵĶξƣˮ




263֬

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ξƺһֵĻʩ޶ŮԱȴһԹ




264

ָɳϣźƣѩѣ䣬Ͷɳһװ죬ʶԲ˵Цʮ졣
ֻЦϰ壬˵ЦˣʲôѽЩģΪķչҵҵ
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265ѹ

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ξȥķ£Σһֵǧǣ˯ɣ




269

صģϳϿűꡣ
ںĶҹһƬŰľգҹոһǷУȴһƬĻɽϳǡ
ϳͰڣȴûһ˿Ωһµ˸ңң
˷ºΣ˲¶ȷĽ䣬ȴů紺ͺεģξƴӺ֮ʱȴоһ˿ĻȣǵԼ׳֮Ǳ֮еʱֻȣǸоеĸܡ
ܵխȹͷεļлܵԲƨŽûһ˿϶Ƿ棬ƺ̲޾ȡ
͸۱Ƥ͸ξһּѹȥĳ嶯ǣ֮ټӲѾѹıΣǲ͸ȥ
룬˷ĸоξ޷԰Ρ
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ζٸһ̽˻һɼڻĴһһ߾˦αˣһ߿ţԩңˣˡ
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ΪСǰоԼλжôߣôǹΪгоһСڽСչֳǿǰһ̣ԼСľϣݵλֵһᡣ
һ̣һĹУƺˣֻǵ׺ֻ˹⻷µһ׺
ǰʮĹ¼ţֻΪȴĳ֡
ڳˣǰξԼαװʲôһж͸ȫȫ棬Ҹ

ξһһĹ£θоһɹɲƵļӿУɧ˵ŤŷΣſС죬ӭξƵ
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ξưԼ⣬ŴִѨĥ伸£ʹ룬һˮĽʹϹԩҡˬ
ξݿ룬ֱ뻨ģ۳ңоԼڻڵĦ£ۣӲ֣˷ܾһ߹һ
˫ֱε֫ɧ˵ļУֱĹ켣ײǰź˿ķʴΣ羪κˣβžžֱ졣

ѾƲסԼ壬ξƷĳ壬Ұڣ׼磬綹ֻõֳڴ֣һַֻץξƵ֣һǿӦξƵײԼᱻ׳ȥ
ˣЩƲסξƲٵĶᣬվվסΩн⣬˿㹭ץŵذ塣
ţ˿һִݲУÿһǳѨҲ뷭İξƴִ
ŬϺŷΣڴڵξƵŶŶŶ
ƣξܶʼĳǧΣ˫˫֮߳תȻ룬ЪϢƬ̣˿̣λ㺹졣
ڴϣξưαڻС˵һỰֿʼս




270¾

ҹ֪ʲôʱʼСѩ
εݣξŮ˲Ȥڴ֮䣬ģģĽһһεĹռ
ͬˣһγ-Ů--ǿĶξȡûһгӣ--Ů--ƣҹսս⣬䣬ȴƻ
ϳǶݣ˾סԣ˹컯գЦ飬Ҳû֪
ᶼ
ջɣСѩ䣬ˮڽֵϴ·ѩһ÷ºɫ۽γںһưǰͣ£ӣɫ£Ӷͨ졣
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ױͷ
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ʱʱǳ磬Ҳ糿ߵӣֵûʲôˣֻ͵Ĳ̻ƳͷССڽֵϡ
ױ˿˴֣Ȼ¶Ųӣưƣջסˡ
үĸӣ

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ѽʱҪĻȻҲнĽ֡
Ҷһ̾ЩɺƱһһںȸ˱ľƣԼ
ʧܣҶǲʣ̫ʱ뿪϶ܴҪ֪˾״ģʱ̫Ӱ԰Ѹͷһ򾡣ΪļıŷЯв롣
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գһתɫҸָƽµĻ
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ܲˡ
ЩӣҪˣͬҪڹ˾ܣߣ˾ҪҲǺöǿˡ
ȻԴʾ֮ǰҪ󣬲θֱףͲû˵-ˡ
һ㣬ŭɶȻһڻؾǣӦô˾Ҫ͸ǩĺͬҲİƱ˾ŷĻ񣬻ѾˣǮȴûջζһϡ
ʮĻһŮôǮǰԼҾ¥ˣҲûôǮѽ
ڶѩƮĽֵϣһӣƾˣҪˣҰκˣĸѾʧϣ˾˸óʮڿ϶ҲûʲôǮˣ뵽ξƣܣһСʲôǮ
ؼǣΰѻյһλĴӸ칫߳ҵģһ֣Լûĸ׵Ȱ棬Ǻö
ô죬ô졭
ʵڲУֻ߷;ˡǣһССĴ壬Ĺ˼ǮƵĴϰ˼֮ǰ϶Ѿеһˡ
ĿҪˣնᵽξǾ仰塣




271£󹬣־

ģǽûҵİ칫ˣ˵ԸŮвķãڣ֪˰ɣ
İ칫
ҪǰͶƲˣڣ߰ѾڣҶĳҲǰˣ߽еļСܣǸŻԻȵĺǿǿ滹ЩңϾڻѾǰƵĸͰһĿڶ࣬Χǰ˻һҪ군ԣٲǰôˡ
ңܳıͷǰ֪Ƿ񴫵ǰһ͸ǴСĽı
ˣڹֶԺڰӴɨⳡ粨Уپɰ˽˾ӣ֪ģֲȻ⣬ҲǹŲĶͷоˡ
ˣԼѹֵľطһҴʵڱĲУڣŭɶ
Щ㲻״ƲϾͷҲôŭɣȻģǰĴ˵֪
ԣæ£ߴ磬-Ӳʶʱдαظһʶ
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Щԥ
ʲôףҪ£Լˮģҿɲ
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٣һɫ÷±۽γʻţ֮ҶڷӰ
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ȻѾӦҵģͰҵķԸȥУģûҪʡ
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ǴӦж£Ҳû˵ʲôİɣοǰûҲ˽⣬ңϾһʱ䡣
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ǣ˵ȴòЩ룬䣬ʣ⺮Щڡ
ԵĺܸһϮɫƤ£͹ѥ˿࣬߸޳ϣԵú񻡣
츮СڣŮӽֲѾڼǰԲֽṹ齨ɵķݣԶԶȥһµƷ
ǽϣһЩԱڲüĳлᣬлҲǾֲŵӣʱļαᵽԸ¡ء
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Ҳ٣һһЩ߹ʶġ
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ˣ㾡찲һ£ĸҪСƼһ棬Ҿ§ɣҲ̫ţԼˡ
λæͷȴЦ
ξ츮Сʮűֲˣݺݺ࣬ŮӪٶţٲȻѾݲ֮ơ
һ㣬ξȼ֮мƻֻ֮ǰʽȱƻʵʩҸ£ڣǮ˵Ѿʲô
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ڣ߰Ķ֮£ʩѾϡ
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ϾҲһȲСĿ֧ܱȿռطǿ
Թ˾װ޴ʦװһ飬ǺΪ̫󣬸߲ɣͲͣһֱţֱξס
ڣξðȻԼҹ˾Ĳҵǰ죬һ㲻١
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秷ƣҶ÷СѣҲ˻־ӣҶ÷Ļס׵סҪǮϰ࣬ĸŮҲи飬ԣ秷Щ˼ҲЭס˽
Сѣ꣬͸û˵ˣ赽ǣ͵ǣ˵ξ壬ϲأô
ٶסξƼȻĻ˵Ǻýã㵽ǣ͵ǣ˵ˣξƵǮζ룬οСζ˻־ӣ͸û˵ˣһ˹µö࣬Ҳ֣һԺһ°ࡣ
ǻ־ֳǸֳȻǴģתǳ飬ϰȻû˵
ЩŮˣʩޣ򭣬С棬СҲ̰˻־ӡʩ˳ξһֱ޳ܵİŮѣס־޿ɺǣ˵ˣЩξƻûм֮׵Ů˶ˣο˻׹أ
ҲɣĻ˵һǰƽ𺣰ʱξƵһ仰ȻʵȴѾξƵŮˣһҲϰԾӵģڻ־ɣȻҪס
ССξûʲôϵĴŮ˵ǲӦס־ӵģȴ˵ýã˵ŮڻҲûˣףһչˣȻڷ糾֮л֪۸ʲôˣԲ뿪
˵ŮȻѾڻƽ𺣰˹ײ㣬һµٵĿֹⷿ󣬷ξпշӣסҲ飬ԸԮ۸
ʣºˣǿǶһˣĽĽʱţξԹ޷ǾЩŮˣҲͶĻ
ǿɺ޵죬ǰ䳰ȷܹˣ޲Щ˺ãֻξưǮֲ˼ξƿڣ




272»ʼӣ

־Ѿ츮СﻮȥγһסլͨΧǽ
츮СһΣ־ӾϣΧǽһ˽ҳֱͨĽֵ
ͨҲΨһһͨ־ӵĳе·һͤʮСʱǰأδ롣
ʮűѾסˣԷĳɿͷÿ֮ãӶңⶰҲƽʱ֮á
סνĺˣ֮ڳξһ֮⣬κ˶ý룬ƽʱŮ˻Ҳں
ȻۣζſʮԴˡ
һɫĻʹڽγʻ뻶־ǰ˽ҳڸͤǰͣ
꣡꣡
һжŮеһʮµӣװ죬̬Ũüǣһ˫ӥۣտտ⣬ƺܶǡϣǾӴӳǰɱͷ죬ϳɳأ֮ǰҲǸɱ
Ůˣʮ£һɫƤ£װѥ߸ʧ𣬱βҶü۽Ǽϸľ֮磬ɾ䣬һͲͨɫɺϵǣŮòΪƣһģӿ̳
һ࣬һٻӢʼӳϵԶã˫̥ãΪ˶Ի־ӵıרŰѶŮӢ˻
Ůʼ棬ǲɶõĸɽŮϲͬʱۣӢ滹һСС䶯ޣҪعˣλعŮר͡
ɼ϶ӳ̶ȡ
ŮķˣӢˬŮкܣһװʣϣǿȺӰƬĳŮعҪ֣ϾӰԱݵģʵרְԱ֮У֮ԡ
ϸ磡
һ³ԽΪ׵ʮڣ˳ľƳŮˣĿ΢
ȻǸɱϵ£ȻȻѾγһּܵģǿߵĵ̷֮ģٻȻֻôһվȴԼоǰг·Ĵ
ŮˣĲ࣬ȴоɽһѹĸͻΧ⵽ȻûмŮˣֱ߽ģǰŮͬС
ٻˣǵ֮Уʱ߾裬䱸Ѿγһֱϰߣǵְҵɱ֣ǱԶҪ֮Уǰηзλǽ䱸֮ڡ
κҪͻǵķ⵽Ӳ飬Уû֮˵ΪУŮϣַһеַ֮ˣ̡
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⻰Ĳŵͷ
ȥɣҴȥ硣
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գȻͮܲѵѩͣˣԺȻģξ˵ȴˬ
ʱǰԺ԰÷˱ǣһľյԣξϿ飬ɹϣɪɪķ磬䣬˯˹ȥ
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ЦУξǶɵĴЦ⡣
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ֵǣСѷǳϲȣСڰѧһȻѧУҫһܵʦԾҪȽһȵҲįǳģֵø˵ǣҲˡ
ʱ඼˯ˣţξƾ⡣




276

裬ҪóźҪȻЩ˶Ϊ۸ͷϣö֮Ͳ˰㵱¡ʲô㲻Ҫи˵ǵģЩڱ˵ǿϵûʲô汾µˣû¼ɶ㣬ǾǲôԲ˵Ļѿʵ㻻뷨Ҳûʲôͷ˭ϵ˭ߺţ˭ƾ汾ɹģûɣˣֶΣԴΪԼҺ̨
ξͷ
ٸʵӡ
ͻȻѹƳ⣬ǰӡҪ˵ʲôصġ
״ҲǰӣƳŮһۣʾ˵ɣ
Ǿ˵ɣôһҽԺˣҪɶûɶ˵ʵҾûĻҲûƯ
У
Ȼ˵ﻹϲ̵ģɫͿ֪һ㻹û˵ǸбҵǸǺĻġûɻʿǰһֱڼСѧﵱʦʮﶼǸĻˡҲΪԭɷûʲôͬԣΪԸԭȻûôܣͬİ·ϾܵĽͲһˮƷ
˵ǰҲǳлڣΪĸɽ絽ɷǸͿĶ˾ͺˣûʲô˵ģǸһ
ز˳Уڶϵʦӣʮôġ޶ûʲô飬ҪŮһ֮ҲΪŮ˸УԾʹʦĹڼҳʶ˺ıҽԺĹ
ҲΪˣСĸ˼䣬ĹļǿҲ硣
Ұѻ˵꣬ʵӣջᣬۣԼʩչЩ˼ƾͰСӵĸסˡ
еСӣȻ˵ξƣĸŮĻȻͣȻӲĶ䡣
ڣ˹ٻֱǷ츲صı仯ʱˣݱˣʶҲˣ˾ܣ¹żٺˣһ˼һʱǰصķǧеˣ⿿ʲô
ǱȻ֪ƲƲ죬ʲô
ִ˻ɹһʵϸɣ룬ǿƴʱˣӵгǰĿ⣬ÿһڷͷ˼⡣һ־ˣ˵аЦƶЦ潵˭Ĺȥֻῴ
ޣòǡ
ȻǺǣ
һЦ̧ѹڵϣԵüɣҲҪҲȥɫСӵĻģֻǸһӣ˻ǵйǰɣ
Ҳ֪Ҫ˵
Ůһۡ
֪Ը̫˭ͿģΪˣûϣЩҲ㣬ΪߣйҪϣͲܺ˴һƬҪԶԣǲ²͸͸ʱҪ϶ţҪ䣬¶һֲɵζΪʲô˵λǹ¶ģԭһԹ۲ԷסЩŮˣٵģгΣһ˭Цݡ
ޣѧ
ҡҡͷ
ѧҪȻǰ;ֹڴˣѵ㻹𣿡
ʲô
ȥᶼ㡣
ͷ֪
εĺ㿴𣿡
ҹȥھҲǵ곤ԡ
Ҳ˵
ǣ
ᶼǽʡᣬҹ˾ķչ϶ԽԽ󣬷ȫZܴȥᶼ˵˼ʲô
˵
ͷҪһʡܴ֮󣬹˾϶ڷᶼֹ˾㣬ҹ˾쵼˵ѡλҪץסˣɲҪõµȥ
һʡܴжѽ
ŮĻװ˵ˣвУһȥ˵˵ġ
ξЦЦ
裬ô
Щɸ֣㲻ΪԼǣҲҪΪҿǿѽұҵˣƾϵҲٷܶ꣬ΪңŬһ£𣿡
ĸǿģĹ£޶˶˵һǿţ
ЦˡξҲȤЦˣĸŮҪĳɹУӻ־ܰǣξ˵żվڶ̬ƽηָܶоҲ
ļأǲһ㣬һСŮ˾Ȼܰʱ͸ȷʸһξƿĺ
ξתҪߵʱͻȻᵽĻ
裬ǲҲϲ
˭
һţϻ򶨡
˭
ûС
ģ
ƭ
תӣ˺ˣȥϢɣһҪϡ
ĿĸһۣǺðɣҲϢ
˵žת뿪ͻȻתʵûп˼
ôܣ⺢ôϹ룬˼ϲ˭˼£ǹܲţȥ˯ɣҪѧأ
Ŷ
ͷ
ղһĸΣͻȻϮʼȻɫ糣ʲô⣬ǣȴľ쵽ĸ׼ϸ΢֫嶯
ǰͻȻʣڻشʱʶԼѣмһȻûӳȴԣֱתӣü
ξƵ鷿һ鿴йѧģͽΪʾĺ塣
˵ĴһԵϵͳƹʶΪƤʲ㣬˼άϵͳԵϵͳʵĴԣΪµǲѵģǲ˼ʶΪƤʲ㣬˼ϵͳµָǾ˼άµָѧϽѵĴԡ
ѵʱ򣬱ﶼƤʲ˺űֳģҪѡͬʱԵϵͳҲʶģοоÿ˶вͬĸο
ŮˣʶĸĦԼѣͺĿڲһʱԼ飬±˿оԼϲܣеĻʱʶø첲㣬Ҳһֱ֡
Ϊжϣĸ׶ղŵ⣬аٷ֮ʮŵĿܶѣΪʲôѣԶ
ʵҲĸ׺͸׵ĸЩ궼ʵв࣬Ժڹ˾ְλߣã۽磬ϰߣѹֵۣۣۣƷλһеһжı䣬ĺ˵ľֻԶ
ǱȻҲǶ˵Ľ֡Ȼ뿴СѾȻʵͽڴҲȱŮԵԺŹѸҲ͵͵ˡ
Źţ··
ѹ֣ѹξôŮ˵˼ôŮԸи̾ǰ;ξһ˫Ϥĵ۾ÿÿദﲻ࣬ȴ˵ȥ
ʱ֪һƽʱѧϰȴѾõȥˣѧȻоôѶѧơ
ɷξƵ鷿ܶⷽ鼮ѧѧΪѧȵȣҲ֪һզģôµĶѧȥȴƫƫûѧϰȥ
ڿһ˳װˡʱ룬ԽξƽӴͷԽ͸ξƣ֪ʲôĪ⣬ֻ
һߣһҡͷ̾ԣţͷ˳ȥ
Ťͷſڣʱ৵һ£ˡ
飡
էţ͵һͷϡξƴӺڰЦЦô㻹û˯ѽ
㲻Ҳû˯𣿡
ξƷʵ
ҡҪ˯ˡ
Ҳ֪ôģһξƣͻ˼٣Ǹо˫͸ʱ򣬸һֲʲôطŵĸоƺκһԼй¶ȥ
跿
ţ
ղǲ˵һˡ
ξͻȻʵ
У
Ȼԣȴʶ΢΢ͷ㡢ʲôݣ˵˵Ļ
ĵԽԽˣ֪оΡûУֻǿţҪ˵ҵĻţǺǣЦģ档
ξһۣҪ˯ˡ
ѽһ˵
ʲô
ξƲĵȼһ֧̣˵ɣ
תξȻȻİִļϣߵһŵϲ
ҹ԰÷ʣǽϵɽ̵̽յƹâӳ£ɫ
鴩ĺ٣һϮɫĵ¶խȹΧڷ--ϣ磬ˮSߡ
ȹĺܽһֱͲȹڷ-ϣ濴ȥ䣬ǰ͹̡濴ȥխȹ£ͦrou-tunͣԲ-ûһ˿壬խȹ£˫-ȣ-Բ-
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ӯĺ-飬ڱɴΧȹ£ɢ-㣬ʼ䣬¶һѹ͵Ĺ-֡Ͼļ-ôİ-𪡣
Űӣ
ξʿİѷ£ϣʲôѽġ
˶ţû£վš
Ҳûʲô¡
ξӣˡ
Ŷ˯ˡ
㲻ýҹɫ𣿡
á
·ͻ;ƣæҪߣһȴ֣ԼѾץסˣʲôҿɲŮˣҪΪסͿΪΪҾͺȥ
ͷҲûص˵
Ÿоϣһڶ˵ҹ䣬С
ɫһ죬ͷҲ̧֮һͷҲصˡ
ӣ
ξתԶԶĺӰ

ʱƳξһۣʲôҲû˵Զξͷ룬ĪһЦת⣬˷š




277ʵջ

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ΪŮȥţҲûתݣѾͷòʲô˰ɣ˵˶ٴΣǲ¡
ͷһͫȻŴ󣬽ͰͣΣСΣô㣡
ξƣһŮղᵽξƣûƽû룬һ̣˾ͳǰ
һЦξƷֹţ⾭¶𣿡
԰ﺮأƹ䲻󣬰˼Ҿߣůĺ£ܰů͡죬˻ױҵ﹤ĿȾѬ֮£µʱ䣬ı仯Ǿ޴ġ
ǰһ֪ʶӣũ壬ʮĽ鹤Уд£εĺۼһμξƾʹϸܵһŨ֪Ϣ
һֻɫģʮӰûвɫȴʵʱʸУǿңξƺܹ»һ߰ڴֲ¾ɾɫ֮µ-Ϊʦ̬ǳׯľţΣȴȻ߹
㲻˵һ򭣬һЦҲܸ˴һֺ׺͵ĺøС
ڣɫʰ쵵ջ£ֻɫϢѾıˣȻ׺
ʱźܼ򵥣װıװȻ統һׯֻǽǰһֻ֮
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£һƳ̽խ-ȹ¶һ˫ڵƹ·߹εĻ-Բ-ȣϣˮͲ˿࣬ڱԵ-˿ڴ-ȴɼ
ʱվţ˫Ⱥͷ-ΣνӣԷǳĿģߣǶô
AٺɫгŮɰķ͡
һ˫ӣڿξƵһɲǣƺ΢-⣬ż-飬ֺ⣬䡣
ѩ-׵Ĳϣϵһɫӣһƻ׹ӣ-¼䣬Ұ-Եļ-顣
һſڣһ˫˫֣Բ𣡡
ȿڣɫһ죬΢üŵذ壬Ϊ顣
ҲǴ·ƻž͹
˵ξƾ˹ȥô˻˯ڿʲô
˫ֺ£΢΢¡ĸǰԵ÷ǳ˵ӵˣĸξơ
һЩϡ
΢΢۶ǰҸ㵹ˮɣ
ξƵͷϵļ⿴ţ˵ﻹסϰ𣿡
ţ
ʲôҪ㾡˵ǧѽסһǾһˡ
ĩˣξּһ䡣
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ˣôʶģ
˵ţξƻͷ˹ȥʱˮǰˮȻ䣬˫-Ȳ£վţǧ˳˿Ȼһߣһʮƣ֪ԣš
һʱĴţô̫-ˣѹǵʮ㣬˿ƵıխȹҲ-tunĻϻ֣ͼ̵խȹʱѾٽԲ--۷-ӯ-tunס
-ȸͰƨ-ɵ籩¶
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͵tun뼷ѹһ죬м俴һ˿-ĺۼĹȴֻܿһƬɫοյ-˿Ƭ˽-һ飬΢ڡ
࣡ⲻˮðݵξ̿ˮתͷͿһĺѾɫż㣬ڵ֮ʣѹͷת
ӻ-Բ£޳˿-һ·Ӷϡ
֪ˮʱ򣬺һ˫ȵ۾ڿ̽
ξʵͺʶһ£ƽЦ˵ѽ˵ҲɣϸǻᣬѧУиҳᣬҲʶģΪǼСѧԳɼȽͻʦصذصһʹǾʶˣǺǣ˵ҽԺǷݹܵأ
ҽԺ֮ǰҲһҽԺ𣿡
ξƻǵһ˵
ѽ
ˮ͵ξȹڶ£Ц˵⼸ɶҰ٣ҪҿйҲֻȥˡ
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Ǻǣũ̹顣
ѹѧϰɼôɫԭǰСġ
Ҳô˵˼ҵĺ죬˶û·СͺùҲٳġ
Ҳô˵ѧУũͥͬѧˣǳɼҲôɼ͸ĸĽķֲģĺãҲôɫͺƯҲƯֲܷġ
У
Щ⡣
ξƼҲ²ũʱʮҲǵһ˰ɣ
ŲǣǼ磬ƯŮˣɶˡ
𣬷ҾŰɣһ׺ֳƯ磬ôܸɣҼţϲ
ڣξƽŵˣϼģ
ʱξƲźȵһˮ
ξ˵ϲԼĻأټξԼϼңŻһǷң
˵˵
˲ĸˣҲûֵܽãҡ
˵ЦüЦССڳδ֪Ǹ깣ƫƧġ
Ǻǣǧô˵Ȼڳﳤ󣬵ϼҲũġ

һξ⻰ͻȻ䱸УƺһξƴңɼߣǰʵǰξƽӴܾСݱضޱȣũʲôĶ֪ڣһ֪֪ξҲũ;ûôңɼˣС
Ȼδػƭ㲻ɡ
ξƻҼǵϼҾأʲôţǺǣһǲסˡ
룡
ѿڵ˻һξƶһ£ԣ룬ô֪δ㡱
ǣǽ´ģ벻ԶҲͰСʱ·Σξʲôˣ
Щ̫ȷʵ
Ҹס
ģ
һ
Ȼ
ԭǻѽ
˼ˣϲЦü
ܸ˰ɣ
ξƳĨ-ҡεĲ--ӿĽ飬Ц--е
Ǻǣţû뵽ξǿǴ˵㸸ײǵ𣬺ʦģô㣿
ˣ
ˣô᣿
һҪ֪ǣξһҿ˲ãССũһλʦĴ٣ǹҫ飬˭˲֪˭˲ڵϣǶһǳֵҫ飬ʱһλʦȻˣȷһ
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ʱļλ֪С͵͵䲻ξꡣ࣬ƺ˲䴩ԽʱգξƵϣϡܹӢ䲻Ϥĺۼȴ룬Ǹȶ֮ˣѾڻ
ͬڵĹùá
أ
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ͷ⺢ԭ
漴һ룬ĺӣھȻӵ˴⻶־ӣڵķۣûмǧǾò˼СΣܲһ⡣
ξһЦǶˣʲôˣҼЩ£һʰɣ
Ǻǣ˵ҲǹҾ֪С˭㳤ġ
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278

λʣ
Ŭ˼֣ȴԺҲϢǺǣҾʣİ
ξЦЦû˵ʲô
˫ּڴм䣬ţŽż⣬͵ξƼۣǣüģرרעʱ
䣬Щˡ
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סطڻ־ڶңһͰķӣһҾߣһԡңһǾһϽţһε̨ƽʱϴ»֮ą̃һӣ·͹
ڣһ۾ܿ¹ҵ·
ʱ䣬ִÿÿҹ˾ʱ˯ڴ϶ǱţһͻƲסתҪ˵ҲûôС⻹Ϊۿ֮ˣֲ֮࣬龰֮£ͲɵĲ롣
Ҳԭ⼸ϣ˯á
ҲΪ˺ξƱ־룬ѡӡʱŮһ˯ȴͻȻĻҲûпڡ
⣬ӰҵĿӣһߵĸʬѽÿÿ뵽Ͳɵķ첲Ƴξƣ΢Щ
ҹķ磬ĴŴžһֻε֣Ĵ
𣿡
ξƵĿȻһֱļϣȴע⵽ĿʱʱľͻῴϽţرصһ·͵ĴʱͻĶţͺͻȻйһͫǾ¡
ûУ
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ξƵεĻϳɵˣҲǰѣοǺǣѽ󡣡
ξЦЦҲƣҲûˣһ֨֨УŶͦ˵ġ
ɲ⼸Ͼͱ˯á
͵
ţ
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⻰Ǵ˿ˣǲÿڡ˼ϸ壬Ķ࣬һڣ˼Ҳ˵δز룬ôõסţ㻹⣬⡣
ʱξƿڣûˣҵˡʱʱҲ̾߻и˼ϸ˺ãʲôҪˣΪ㵲Ҳվǰ档
Ҫ˵ǸˣһòȥĻɻû˵ӾǱߵ룬Ҳ˵ھ͵ˡ
ٿξƣǱ˼ϸ壬ûڣһϸ΢ĶȴѾ쵽˼˵ĻҲղŵ˭ĳﺦ£ȴ˵Լ£ûʧӣҲ顣
Ƚϣʮǧ
̹ЩҪȥᶼ𣿡
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ξƵͷ㻻˯ɣ̫ˡ
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仰ֱӵͷ
ɫ̵ĵͷξѾƶ˰˾ŷ֣˵ĹҲ񣬡ңǺǣͲòˣ־סŵĶҵŮˣȥ˯У˵أ
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漴ξƵ֣תֵСΣ̰̽ܲˣֻ˯𣿡
̲ϲң
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ܲξƵеĿ⣬΢΢Ťתףһߣɽҧ´Ȼ˿ＫȽš
Ϊʲô
ξƱʵ
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ϽܲˣǾЩܡ
˼ξ˵ҲšҲΪʲôʮ񣬵ɷŹѸȾԭڣԴ֮󣬱ɷۻ಻Ǵ³ʵǺǸΰ֮֮޴
ʶɷò룬˺ŹѸҲһֻ۱һֻۣЩŮҲ֮֮
ö֮ĺǴˣ˵ʦ˲Ưѧʣʶ壬ȻԼ鶼á
ͬʱҲ˲˴ѵǣߵĶ繷ƤҩڣжȣӲԽɫ߿ɳ֮
һȻЩ֮ͽϣϵξҪ֪ǰŮʮһֱϲԼѾȥĸ׵Ļﲻ֪θ롣
ѵɷ򣿡
ξʵڲףŮ˼ȻϲԼΪʲôַŲأﵽʲôᣬûн⿪
ҡͷ
ξ׷֮£ڰѵǶĵ׵ĸ˵˳һ˵꣬滨Ŀˡ
ԹԣϵôðôƯŮ˰ô꣬˼Ҫ֪Ҳ֪ˡ
ϣξ§ĦԲ˿-ȣЦ٩ξһۣΪ㸸ѽ˾ӣ㣬ɫ-һ
ǣɫҪΪ̿ϧѽôƯһ˶ҪǵҸױˣ϶Ҳϲġ
ģ
һ⻰ξƵĲ˵㸸׻ϲң𣿡
ţ˼룬ҲѾܾƯ˶ɣ
⻰ְ˼֮Уκ󣬻תͷξƣĿϣлл㣬СΣԺŮˣҪһЩʱ䣬ţһ㸸һһӵġ
ɶŮˡ
ξķֿǰһ¡
ðΰɣ




279Сˣˡ

һ硣
ҪſڵЬʱȴסˣүҸġ
һԿ׽
ǣ
һ¡
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һ֮ξƣҪ֣˳ţţ͸Ҫ˵ЩŮˡȻƽʱһ㣬С֮һ裬֪ڼͬξƵĸһڡ
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ѵʱ򣬶⻰֮׷һǴʱĴѾƾԡ
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ξˣͷ⣬ܲʵǰ˰Ѹ˼ǵһһӲξƵĶĿ
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˼ǰһҧ¶˾ģǰ˵ʲô֮ܵܵùݳѹ磬ҡβһζųֻ˵档
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ǵ˼һ۾ܿףȻǽµģ˻£ɲ£ʲôĳ棬ûм
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ɫ䣬ûһ˿ãͳ绰ٲߣҾıˡ
һˣû뵽ǰŮ˾Ȼв⣬ˮһŮѾ֣ؼʱȴĲӣʣĲʣ͸ǰŮˣ޵ҧгݡ
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ᣬⶼѽ
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ʱĸĻиղŵ棬ŲӣŵֽŷûġǰɱԣһᣬǰЩǳսȻûۿĲ١
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İĻİˣʱܵĲĵĿ־壬Ĵ̼ϣһҵ̾ߡ
ﲻǹֵѶңڳЩ̾ҲǵõģЩ˲Ǿ죬ɱ˲գ۵ĺڰӣЩУûûзɣֵʱҲԲ˿
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һٶѧĽǶ˵һһİİˡİ˲ξеʱԵϵͳͻԼ㵱ǰΣգȡʩ
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ʶʶ֮仹һϵīԶԷûϳʲôĻˡ
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ξҪ׽ŪһԾŮɨʱаһЦ
һξԸоŮ˻һ£ⶼˣ漴ݿ쵽8¥¶ͷȻ8ť
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ʲôҪĶͷʵοֻţΪξƴݵһѵ֫ԡ
֫ѡ
ͨʲô»ĶͷһҴϰͻȻԼĶͷȻؼҰúϡ
ĶͷͻȻʲôûͷԼĸοŮ˶ͷȻݣڸξƣͻȻԼҪȥ¥ڵʲôˣѾҪҪΪԼͻȻ˸ԭɡ
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׿֦˷ۣûĵξһֵۣǲϳˣ
ţ߽ݵʱҾϳˡ
Ϊʲô˵װҡ
һ뵽ξһղſԼ龰׿֦һղţȷʵˣΪԼ˵ɫǣû޳
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ǺǣҵǸǸ˰ɣ
ξһѱס׿֦Ц棬˵ҲǣôҲһ˧磬ǵˡ
ī˭ĳ
ǣҵĴˣˣ˼ҿΪ۸أ




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¶ϲɫξƼЦϼڷᶼɣ㹤ĵطҾͽˣҲʱȥˡ
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Ȼ˵׿֦Ѿ˻ˣ֪⻰ӱ˿˵ǿЦߴȤĻξƿ˵ǾͰ˾Ųʮ϶֪ǹ˾ϰ壬ǰλ
ξ͸¶ϢϢԸģͿԻȥĸˣ׿֦룬һҪϢĸףúøһ£Ǻǣ˵ˣҪʲô𣿡
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֮----ֹ϶ʲôÿʮ˵顣˿̣ھᣬóȻʣض˼·һı̽ĸо֮϶˵ûС
Ҫ˵װʲôҲ֪ʮԡһͲʲôѹ
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ʱŷһͷ̷Ȼ欣ȴһԴ磬һķ-Ůˣ--ȴ˵·һ-󣬶ƫƫ䣬ӡ
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ξҲˣǾûм¥ҪŮ˵Щʲôû뵽ǣʱ׿֦վ¥ϣ棬˫Ƚ棬һӡ
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ҿɲǸ㿪Цʱ𣬸ͦĵģ֪¥һҿǵĿȲȥ𣿡

ҿǵϰ˵ǵĿȲúȣݡ
ȻݣǳξƵ˵ɣܿܲݣ֮ǸֵŮһʵĽڡ
ⲻ׿֦һ£һξ⻰ˬĴӦˣһǵһ˵飬ðҲû£ѵҲˣǾȥɣ˵ˣ㡣
˵Ŷ˾ת¥ݡ
ŶΪʲôң
ǺǣΰôæѵҲñʾһȥƵ򹤽ײ벻𣬲ȱȵǮһеġ
֪ôģûξ˵֮ǰ׿֦ؽţֻҪξ˵ϻһеĽžȫûˣоرͣ˵ʲô˵ʲôоرϸģһֺǿҵθУƺֻҪһ𣬾ûʲôԲĵġ
ƮС꣬ϰ˾ŵ㣬ξƺ׿֦һһŮûбˡ
˲ţԵüܣЦݹϣ˵ĻС·Ѿڶ硣
ţ֪׿֦˵Ļȫξ˵˳ȥ
˵ģôദõôҡ
֮ǰ뷨
أ
׿֦ϸξƼۣЦҲ֪ôģֻҪһӴ͸оرɣ͸겻һ
Ͱҵѡ
УеͦŤģСҾͽСܰɣ
һƺѣ㣬ֻҪڣôжС
ģ
׿֦üëһ˵ģҾȥֱ֣ӽСܰɣ˳ڡ
ģô𣿡
ǺǣǵȻͻȻ˸ôǮĵܵܣأ˵ҸòøˣСܣҿɲ׽УܵܣԺκ㣬һðңҡ
㣬ҿֱӵ˸ãҿ˳õĻ㡣
⻰׿֦С৵һ¾ͺˣ֣ŭִǲǣЦҲҿ
Ҳң
ξһץס֣ЦôƯƽʱһкܶǿ׳׷ߣҿЦǲˣһ֣Ҫס
ξ⻰˵ˣ׿֦ƯŮˣߵû׷һʮͷۣ˽кǿķӣ׷⳵շΪƽʱһͶô˵ʲôֻҪ׿֦ͰѼˣʱ׷Ӷġ
׿֦Ҳ֪Լܾ˶ٴˣǿǲӣƤҩһ˵ǼʲôţŵĲˡ
һξ⻰׿֦һʲô׷ߣ
׿֦קק֣ûקҲɵξץš
׿֦鱻ξƲ׽ˣܰɣôˣû׷Ҳš
˵ûоûС
̽ξѾƶ¿϶⣬Ǻãǲ˵Ҫ뿪ؼйˣһܿİɣ
ţ뿪ˡ
׿ָ֦Ц
㣬﹤Ĳ𣿡
ξʵ
ǣסĲģǻǱ˵ˣ㲻˵ʱҲҪȥᶼǱҲй˾
ɣҵҽǱߡ
ŶǵʱһҼѽյĲ˿ɺóˡ
𣬰Ǹʲôģ
й칫Ρ
Ŷѽѹ֣Ǿ˵ˣʱһȥúóһ´ĺóա
裡
ôҽҶ̷Ĵӣôѽѵ⣿
ûǺǣô˵ǻݹϵ
ݣûѪԵ
ξƹ˹׿֦ģȥⷿ𣿼ȻһֺòˣŮģҲɣ
УҿɲԶˡ
׿֦þܾҲܾԥ£ǳɣɲЦҡ
⻰Ӻ˵ôЦأ߰ɣ
ξվ׿֦ȻȻ§ξƵֱۣһҸЦݣ߳˿




ڶٰʮ׿֦ϣ

УҿɲԶˡ
׿֦þܾҲܾԥ£ǳɣɲЦҡ
⻰Ӻ˵ôЦأ߰ɣ
ξվ׿֦ȻȻ§ξƵֱۣһҸЦݣ߳˿
ڴϣ˵Ц˭óһҸˡ׿֦סڰٸ㳡ϳξƿֱʻ˹ȥ
㣬㲻ҪǰϴӦȥ԰Ƶ꣬ǲǰϳйѽ
ôϻô˵ô
Ȩ֪뷨˵֪ǰܲ԰Ƶ꣬ƽʱҲǣİܣȥ飬·
õ˼·Ҷ岻ͬҶΪڻǰʵѾͷƿأͷĶ۵һϢص㡣
òҶ˼·ǶԵģΪҶ̫棬ҲʵʣҾεʧܣҶѾʧȥ˶Դֹж
ۼȻҪأôҵĵģһζʲôҲ鲻һʧȥȷжھÿҪ۾ͱǰĺȲģ˳ϲ鰵ġ
ҪҲô׵ģϳҪĶʵѣʱ
Ҳһ취ûУ⻹ôӸģṫģʼ顣˭Ҫ˵ģ䶯ĴжŮۣһĹֳָ٣һǹֳݡ
Ůƶƾڵ¶棬˭˲֪˭˲δж˫ĬǺдʵ
Ǻ˫ȻһϵгεŮϢȻôͨ˳Ϣ
Ǿ뷨ڻʱһֱֱʵҶƲͷȻȻڻǣǸͷǰǰ˸ͷ˫˭Ҳûп˭ֻһֺ
Ϣд֤½ֺۡǱߵĴԾõȻҲ˵ˣֻǶЩ׽ӰĴԣûκεʵݡ
˵ˣͷȻЩ֣ţǸͷǸʵֺܱ߼Ȼ̫Ӱ֮أЩϴҲ̫Ӱĸֱ׵ĵ֣ȫˣͷ
²⣬϶ˡ
߻бԭ򣬵ⲻǰӦ飬ϴɥŸͷ۵飬޹ء̫ӻҲȫɥͷϣŲȥǻˮ
ǣǣ
ȨһתҪ˵֣ҵһѣа
˭
Ťͷ
ţǰй̾ӵĴӳѲӵĴӳιֳźΰֱֳ˫죬ȱô˵ҲֳģǺûɣһ̾ӣȻƽ˭ĳǳȨʱȥ϶ջ񡣡
ţ
룬ͷԡ

Ҫ͸¶ݡ
֪һﵨСʮŻƼС٣ɽأ
˵Ȩţ˵绰ιأѽȨûɶ£Ⱦƣִйѽ˵ȥȥ
˭ĵ绰
ţӣŶһѡ
ȨɣҪԺȡ
ѽƽʲô˼ǰҲ˹չ˲̫СǣȥԸ׼Ʋˡ
ߣûʱ䣬㿴£һ׳԰׺ȣмǸǮģȥ¥š
ѽ㣬֪㣬ʣֲĲ
˭֪ҪǰӳͲʡ
ҪǲӳͲչ⣬㻹ģ񾯲죬ѵʲɣţȻŵѲӳãڹҲʸˣ˵ˣҲ룬ǵֱ˾мӸʣͷİɣµ׷˹ʣǿ϶ʵġ
Ʊ
ҴƱ
ţһ⻰¶ЦݣԱԸȥͷֵǿСһ͹úø׼һӣСһСĺܣͻȻô󷽣Ҳ֪˭
εϴɣ
ϴ˭ѽ
Ҳ˵ˣһΰˣһŮ˴¸Լ¡
Ҫ˵ѽǹֲڸЩСתƣüۣ˭˳۾۸ûһΣ͸ͳͳץȥ
㶮ʲôȥȥȥ
Сѽⲻٰɣ
³׿֦ξֱСһҳС
ǲ·٣һ벻
Ҫļˣ
һһ
˰ٰɣ
ξŵݻǱصģȻСȥߵѾϾúۼξҲûξƵľӦǻǨǨǷչʱǨķӣȻ̫ã·ٸ㳡Զǳеľⷿ۸ضܹģһһξƿôҲһǧ顣
˴Ŀ׿֦Ĺнײ㣬ġ
˰٣ס˵²ɣ
׿֦һ⣬ʵɣ䷿ֻ١
٣ԴǱżйǱͼ
ξ⻰˵׿֦ĿˣҪǱǿĻԻ̰ͼˣôǳô鷳¡
һ£ͷۣǿǰͷŻ֮⣬׿֦ҪǸҺͱ˽һˣһ
ǰЩһҲڻչͬѧͣͱǿһٱ򣬵ʱܶ˿ָ˶࣬û˸ҹܣŪ²̨
Ϊ¸ߺǿӣǿͻû뵽ڼҲǾ۸Ķ
뵽׿֦ξƣ˼ֵǣԸ첻Ҫɷ񣬹Ҳˡ
ô
ξƹĵʵ
ûûʲôϲʲôҸ
Ȼֵġ
ξȻ֪壬ȴƵġ




290׿֦У

Ȩйִ⳵ֱСȥ
ţļҾסڹСڹС￪һҲ¥ͽй¥סľʮǰ϶ǸӵũڿǴطݷչý裬Ծ޽˻ǨסҲǰũ
׵Ļ϶ʶҲ¥Ҳֻ⾭ã˿࣬ͨټʮı仯ģ˼ʹϵҲԶ
ˣˣˡ
¥Ҳôȫͷͣʱʱ⳵ڹСͣ£Ȩֱ¥
˵Сﻹǳ⳵ӰһվԹ¥г⳵ʦˣ齫ɶġ
Ȩһץסţ֣Цӣ㲻ִйôԼҲ¥ִйѽ
ӣһ֪ǲңǵ㻹֪
ֵܣˡ
ʱҲ˹
ɩӣ鷳ˡ
һȨС۾͵תôӣƺһӾʹ˾۹ƣȫϡ
Ҫ˵䣬ҲǹСĽʻʲôţ񣬾һźཱུ-Сôһ˵ܰѹϵáҲǼ˵˻˵һ죬ұҲļƯȨĻǽб£൱ı¡
Ưĸõû˵ϸtunˣƽʱڲ¥ﴩȻǳأһյǧߵĵݡߵģΧģôһתһЦһ¶ݣһŤtunⱳ󣬾Ͳ֪ɧ-̿ˮĭ
Щɧ-֮еȻȨǵˡҪȨϲʲôϲǹľ
˵ǣȻǵ˶࣬Ϊֹû˭ܹ֣ȻŮ˰磬˭ܿЦŮ˺зִ磬ֳԲ
˵ˣڹֹ˵ǣҲû˸ҷ
ĵĻ˲ǣȥɣƲ˶Ǹ׼ˡ
⣬Ȩɫüɫ۵С۾⣬ȴһ͵ƣţȻֲˣȴ
㿴ң˵ˡ
ţĶͷЦ룬þòˣǸҪúúϼ
úúáȽȥȥϸ
㰡ҵ㡣
˵ţţͽˡȨһҪϲֻ뵥˵ϼ仰
ȥ˲ת߳ߡ
ɩӣ
ֵܣôأ
ɩӣ
ȨͳٿǮ̨ϡ
ǣ
¶һ˿ЦݣüһĵӣȨ
һۣûȨΡȻȽϺ䣬¥ůʹĺܵɫĳëһɫĽȳ㣬мȳ״
һľԵ÷ǳ-һ˫ɫĸ߸ƤЬ
˵㣬ɹģղžתʱȨƵģӵŮƨ-ɾǴ󣬲󣬶ҷǳԲ-ԲͦɽһѱͳĲϱĽġ
ӲɴƵģеԣ˿͸һ΢ĿûɴƵĽ㴩˽η˶ϣνǰ°ÿһ˿չֳ
͵tun룬Բ޳-ȡ
ˣڱ󣬳ֳһְ͸״̬Ǵӹ-쵽tunһĨ΢׵Ķ---ۼʿɼ
Բ׵tunΣڵƹ£-Ͱ-۵tunƺҪֱ͸ɴ㣬͹ѳѵƣǷʺƨ-ɵϣγһĨtunΡ
ҲtunΣղŴ̼ȨĿ˵ҪϸʵȨһȥץסһͨ
Ȩ̾˿ϸ̾ӣ֪ǼҾҲãÿҲܰ׳԰׺ѽٿǮ͵ķǮˣһ¡
ôУôǮҪ֪ˣָԹˡ
㲻һ£ҪȻֵ᲻ġ

£Ҳ͵ͷӦˣðɣ´βˡ

һˣȨЦĺϲ£죬ʵָ˿ģӡȻ֪ԼûԵ⣬˹ϵǺõģڲܣԺҲ˵׼ѽ
Ȩ֪ţִʱɥʧ-Ϣû֪ҲǺţȾƵʱˡ
ԺɫģһͲסįǾͿԳ롣
ǮȨûߣЦʵ㻹𣿡
ɩӣô
аɣ
Ȩ˵ţѾʼˣûκΣֻҪ˷䡣ƳȨıӰ޽ǵķ˿˾죬ʾм
ӣ
ʱһʮ׳С˽޴£ϰһɫĴӣСЭԱı־
СѽЩС÷ѽ
ţܺѽ
ʲôһͺáӣԸϹء

ԱӦЦЦȥˡ
ϰ׼ľϯ׼𣿡
ʱһ֣в¼аӣͬһ˽
ʱǺǿ˳ǿ硣
Ӵǿѽˡ
京Цͷ̨߳кˣܲ׼ͱã롣
˵ָһ䣬ǰ·
ţ
ǿͷƳһۡ

ǿһתͷһ⻰ת˻ۿ˵˭
ߣ
СӲһСӳţʲôţǣܰôץңѽСӼҲûǸ֡
㣡
ʲô㣡
ǿЦΪ㻹Ǿѽ㣬ֻҪҺǿڣԶٵϾ죬Ȼûʲôͣ۾ˣ˵һ仰ԶûϣǺǣ֪ǾУҵĸ߲ôҪʶģͺúðͽңӸˣһ仰£
ǿһЦҲŴЦ
Ŀ֮£⵽̣֮жôߣȴͻȻЦǿͣôͻһ
㡱
⻰ɴǿʹΪǼӣǿţҲǺǿΪʲôƢ꣬Ťӵԭڡ

һקס˺ǿЦǿ磬αأһСӣһʶݡ
תͷָʹ˸ɫҲ˵䡣
ߣСӷŴ㣡
ƲƲ졣
˺ǿһˣ˳˷䣬˵ҲǣηӵԸֲǲ֪졣
ҿߡ
ϿߵȥˣܵĹ㻹ûܽѵֲǲ֪ǼǿӶҪ֣ҪǺŸɣֺСﵱʲôЭܶӳĻʱûʲôԺлǰ˵ãֿԻȥɾˡ
Ҫͷ롣
ѽƢɣ
ҡҡͷǿӵ͹ĵˣĹܱˣǣϾǽַھӣ˵ȥ
͸ţ߶źΰǰߵ̫ţƫƫ
Ȼ䲻Σţ֮УҲ֪йٳϵʽһֳܺгɵĹⲻš
źΰ̨ǳ飬仰ֹһţ߶⻰Ӧ֤ˣźΰһ̨һȥЩźΰߵĽˣͳͳûӣǹٳվλɣһҲٷ
֪ţ챿쵼ϵû˵Ҫţ˵ϵҲ
ǱźΰЩá
йֻȱһΰĸֳ֪˵ĸֳţûϣְλ͸ġ⼸ɷȥܹϵţǲ˵˵Ǽ쵼Ų졣

Լҵǵ£ͲʤꡣʮϾˣˣΩţԭ̤
ţڹֹﶼţӾ˵С;Լ䲻䣬ΪǼǰ̧ͷ˵͸û
Ϊˣţûٸ飬ԾܾˡȻ࣬Ҳ飬ţܺãʵҲ뿪ţɡ
Ա߰˸ͺ˹æðװúã

ͷϹأϣµһ㡣
Ǻǣ˵ģŲˣ´οɱ˵ˡ
һ㶣Ʋ
Сӣֲǲ֪ǷԸ˵ûʲôһؼȥ׽Ҫˣͽ£ȥ϶Ҫð׽
ˣôû뵽
֪˰ɣҲǸŮˣˣɷֻˣ߰ɣ
˻֡

ǿ磬ÿһǧҲ̫˰ɣһҪǽôǮֵǻôѽ⻹ҪҺأܲٵ㣿
-ϻڶ̨ˣǾʧȥ̣ĴҪǲͽˣԺͳͳûùӳԡҶˣΰ̰ƣһѪҪǸˣԺҲùǣ-费ͷɥģˣú˸ˡ
ǣ
ͷһˣȥƿþơ

һʮӦ߳䣬˲¥˸һҳСɩӣأ
ͷ˾Ҫʵʱ򣬻ۼ俴һʮ߰ķ--㣬ۺɫë£߹ȥк
ţ
׽òĵͷ
˵ǻţʵ׽಻ƣһ֬ѩһഺˣ䲻£쵰ʺе-촽ԲСڣСɵĵǣ۾Ľëѩ-׵Ķͷһ°͡
Ҳû˵-У-ƨ-ɣ-ȣ-ֻͦɫ˿˿㲣
֪ˣǿֻܿãжܣҲΪˣ񾭷ǳҲ׼׽ˣð׽ڼð׽˵ֻҪְ׽ͱ˵ôͻġ
ǣ˲Ҫ⵽Ķ򣬰׽Ҳ׼⵽һʱ䣬׽Ҳˣö֮СŮˣûһ˸Һ˵
ãЩһֱǿƵŮ˻裬ͻΧ֮⣬ǿҶ԰׽ʹüͥ
һˣܵʹ࣬ġ
Ͱ׽кͷҲҶ֪ǿԸ񣬶ɻеľӸñҪúǿ֪Ͱ׽˵׼ᰤᡣ
뿪еʱͻȻһϤӰͷ룬ȥǿ
ףװ̣ˣҲѽ
С֦ѽ
׽Ťͷֿ׿֦ߵξƣһӢˣͦΣǣһЦݣ͸һĪİȫкθС
⡢𣿡
׽Щš
׿֦û˼ڣξƵЦſˣãװ̣ҽξƣʶܸˣС֦ѡ
˵ξƾ֣һʿ緶
ãҽа׽࣬С֦ķ
׽ԵЩҲûʲôòֺξ¡
ŶȻˣǸúúʶʶ
ξƼǰŮĿΣ̬ʵ¶һ֮üһ˿ꡣ
룬׽ض죬һǸƸеŮˣȱٰȫС
һξ֣׽ʶԼðʧҪúǿ֪ǺξϽͷһͷѾ뿪ˣġ
װ̣أ
³ȥˡ
Ŷ
׿֦ͷ
СΣ̻ҪȥͲˣҾסڸڣû¹档
ãæɣ
ξƻͷ۰׽ıӰƳԲķtunӣ¶һĸȤɫ
ʲô
㣬˽𣿡
˭˵װ̡㲻˽⣬ʶɣ
һ㣬׿֦ȷʵ̫˽⡣׽ߣξƺ׿֦Ҳ߳˳Уʱ򣬺ǿڵĴ˳Уģ
ղŻأȥˣ
ͷŤͷĹˣǿ磬ǲǣ
ͷһָ
ǿŤͷһֻ׿֦һ˵ĸ첲˵ЦǿǸѽŤ׿֦ǾŮˣŮ˱ͱ˹һǾǶıѡ
ѾһñȵĴͷϡ
ʱ䣬ǿɫ৵һ¾ˣ-yinǸվסˣ
ȻĴȣΧ˲䶼ĿͶ˹ȥС˭ʶǿ룬Ҳʶʲô
ηӣҪҧˡ
֪˭
⻹˵𣬿϶Ű׽ֺ˵ˡ
ԣղڳͿ׽һ˵ǻأ׼±֪ˣеͦ˧ġ
һԣһΧ˹
׽û߶ԶǿŭϤˡܵĵһӦǾǶܣͷҲûᣬ׽ϽؼңҸȥ˵绰
֪ǿǳģǳξƺ׿֦ȥģ绰æСҲֻ˵ϻ
ξת
ǿṳ̆࣬
׿֦һ֣̿Сܣߣ
û£
ξưοļϵ£Ҳ͵ţ˭
װ̵Ϲǿһ̬
׿̵֦İԼξ˵£㻹ǿ߰ɣһﲻǣǸӡ
?ξЦˡ
-yin컯֮£㾹ұ͵ˣ
ǿʱѾɥĲ̧־ͳ׿֦һɿ˹ȥ
ûʲô˵ģξһץס֣ͬʱ̧ų˳ȥ飬ǿû뵽ڹСȻ˸Һа塣
֮ɫϣѾ˳ȥһʹֱ͸อǿ˫ڵϴУɫķϡ
Χ֮ˣһ㵡ȻûϵҫưԹСĺηӣȻ˼һŸɵˡ
״Ȼһˣ֪ûУҪǷˣǾͺˣôš
ǲ֪ǿںܶǰѾǷˡ
ѶһˣûпǿһĻô£ô£

ȨĿһ
ӴӴ--裬һ֣ǿʲôҷ
ͷ㿴ңҿ㣬һҧСӣҶǿ綯֣֪֪ǿʲôˡ
֪
ξҡҡͷ
Ĺţǿǰˣ
һ⻰ξƵͷۺǿ
˰ɣ
ô
ģǻʲôҸ

ͷһѵɵȳȥ
Сģ
׿֦ʧɫ
ξƿȻҪ⼸СɫԸˣЦͷξƲԼȵˣɱ˿Ҫǹӵġ
ֻͷӵȴһξûϹĥ䣬㣬ͷצӵʱץſɵ˲֣ξƷ־һ۵һһֻƷ
֮һˣŵĸεѣֹξȴûдŹǣ߲λӰתּ䣬ɵɳգۼ䣬ֻȫն¡
ˣΧŵɫҲ֪˭һɱһɢ˵ԶԶġ
ΩߣԹעЩ˵СЭԱΪףʮѲţΪס
˵ذ
װɵ̬
ǿˣξƱƽڴУƳţӳ㻹ʲô˶Ҷ֣񾯲û𣿻ץ
죡
ξƳţ
ӳûᣬȥѴץˣǰһ飬ηǰȻֻĩСɫֻҪ֣ǾζվгǱߣ˼Ҫ֪ˣǰ;ͲǰЩᣬҲһʹ
ţ΢΢ͷ
Ȩ˵ĺеȻʮˣһǹҪǳ֣סξƣûһ⡣
ȨЦȥɣˣһչ˺ɩӵģ
Ȼ֪ξƵݣںζ¥ּȨ϶ξƾǰ߲ˡ
ţϵǹһҪֵʱһץסȥ
ţͷһۡ
Ȩüͷ΢΢һ壬еɩӣǴĺûᣡ
ڲԹɫȨ˿Цǡþͱע⵽ˣɫˣݲȵ˵
ξƺεȶ֮κϸ΢ӲĶĿ
ǿţˣģ㻹ʲôѲӳǲǲˡ
ûҵ
ţ
Ѳһͷ
ʱ˶ڹעǰ飬ֻ˾˼ά֪ǿǰ˻Ҷ֣Ϊʲô
֪Ӧòǰɣ
ӳ𣿡
ξŤͷţҲˣڱƷˣѵðץȥ𣿡
ξɫݣ-ζ˵ĩˣƳһۡ
ţξֿۺǿջû˵

ţһ£ԣҹ۴ˣ򵥣
סڣ




291׿֦

ӳ𣿡
ξŤͷţҲˣڱƷˣѵðץȥ𣿡
ξɫݣ-ζ˵ĩˣƳһۡ
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ţһ£ԣҹ۴ˣ򵥣
סڣ
ʱţǷ꣬Ϊ񹫰ִѹ£Ϊ˺ǰ;òɫ˱Ϣҡ
̾˿ɷ򣬵ͬʱȴ΢΢еʧţǸˣû˵ǵ̫С鲻ϣհǰ˺̫࣬ʵ˼ǣҲûʲôãǣΪһˣһ쵼ɲϣȱһӺھϵš
˵Ů˾ģӽǼʶˣţҷϣҲ֪˼ӵĸ
ȨĿ΢ţðʧĳȥܽΣʱţضͷţһ£ͿԶ--֡
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ξ΢΢Щʧôû˶ѽҾԼ110ˡ
ǿ״Ц110СӣҲ˭ĵ̣ڻǰ˭ҹܣ˵110ˣӽҲã
˵ǿɫָţɫҿ˭-ĸҰ㣬˭ң˭ңûУеվϹĹۣҲҵ
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˶ӣˣ
ͷһƾɿںǿϣʵ㣡
ƹˤѾʲô
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㿴ңҿ㣬ƽʱǿ۸ˣ壬ûһ˸ðͷĿ£һ׷׵ͷ
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һץǿ㻹ҽߣ
ЭԱҲ˵һץߡ
ʱȺֿһɫγʻ˹Ŵ򿪣һŨüۣ£װĸ߸ӡ
һˣǿ۾Фܣ
Фûǿת˺ţһɫɽװӣ³˫֣˹ڿξƵʱһ¡
ξһЦ
жɻ˭ôɡ
˭Ҳûע⵽ǱФܵ³֮ȨϢˡ
øղûж֣ûв´ӦþǸϽ⳵εϴ󡣡
ţС
˵Ǹΰ磿
ʵ
ţͷǰϴ֪ܺʲôԭͻȻ̨ˣӦþǶܺλõġ
Ŀ⿴ξƣ룬Ϊʲôôݲȡ
˭
Ŀŵǰꡣ
Фܾң
ǿͨһڵϡ
ǿΰ磡
Фܵ
ǿϲоˣΰ磡
ô£
ΰһ䡣ȴڿЦԼôôùײξϣǰȻ˽⣬Ѿ϶ǿǵξƣŸΣ磬û뵽Щ۵Ķָ鷳
ӦξƵԸ˽һЩǰİģǿߣѰߣߣߣΥҼߣٻǰߵȵȣֻҪվסģҪܵʹ
ǰﲻͬĺڰһĺڰ֯
ˣǿˣǲһŰľͷʱ˵߷壬ΰ磬Сӣֱǰǵˣ
ǿੲݣŤʵ
ڸϱΪξƴǣţԼǣԻһŭʱ򣬷ΰ˺ǿĻ

ǿһ㶣ΰ磬Ѿڲ¥ﱸ˾Ʋ˾͵ĵأ㿴ڣ鶼ˡ
ʦ
ΰ֪ξƵݲܱ¶Ծ봫͡
ξȴȿˣ㲻ýͣҲΡ
лʦ⣬ô¸δ
ǰڲԱͽɣ
ã֪
PSһ滹С




292׽䣨һ

ǰڲԱͽɣ
ã֪
ǿੲݣлɻȴ֪ǰ缶ѾʼξһôҲ뵽ķʽйͨ
˵𣿡
ΰźǿ
˵ˡ
ΰתͷ¶һ˿Цݣô죬ô죡
ϣΰתϳֱˡ
ǿһ˱ѺߣȺȴûɢȥԶԹۣɻΪʲôǺͺǿһģΪʲôȺǿԸξƣһôô죬ѵʲôòɡ
ûһᣬӳСׯԴС˽ֶξѯ£±¼
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ξƵƳţת§׿֦Ҳˡ
һۣκ˼ţԼûע⵽ȴ俴ˣһ΢΢ʧ
ΪʲôʧξƲǶţʲôûʲôϵֻЩãдˡ
û뵽εϴͦġ
ţЦЦ
𣿡
ѵ𣿡
ţӡ
ҡҡͷɣ
˻ûע⵽ղȴĿΰϳʱ΢΢ξվķ˵ͷ
Ѳ㱻˿ˣҲע⣬һֱξϸĹ۲ȴϸ΢Ķ棬Ʒλһ˿塣
˼ĶȻֻ˲ģֻҪǰһ룬ѷ֣˿϶ʶһоʼڷΰ³ξһ㶵ı飬Ҳ뷨ȻϸĹ۲쵽˶ļξжԭ
ʲôѧҲʲôΪһڹ۲ŮˣȻȴѾãеĻۣһѧʶֻҪϸĹ۲죬ͻֱᷢʶй¶ܡ
ȥɣҲҪؾ￴
Ȼȥȥ׽ࡣ
ûа¸ɷ
ҲãǿηҲʲô󰸣ҲǸ¾ͳˣһ϶ҪҰ׽ȥٸ绰
ţ
ͷҰ׽Ϊ¡
СܣղˣҲ̫±çˡ
һصⷿ׿֦Ϳʼ߶ȷʵŻˣһʼΪξƵģ֮ξˣն˼ҵ־͸ӵˡ
˺ˣҲû𣬷İɣҲµġ
ξЦ
ΪʲôץȥѽôҲǵѽ㻹ˣҲ̫ˡ
ô㻹ǰץ𣿡
ξüëһȻֻǡ

ξư׿֦ڻıӣڻôҲǸݵˣ⹫Ȼҵѣ㲻õģ¹ȥˡ
׿֦ͷһЦô¸ˣܵǳŵĴӣ
Ҳ֪˵˭ġ
Ͳ㡣
˵ǰɣ
ξһݺݵӡ
ŻңҾǲ˵
㣬Լĵ㣬ɱˣϰ塣
˵ξư׿֦ɳϣһͨ֡
ǺǣҾǲ˵Ǻǣǲ˵ܰô
Ҳ㶯ģ㻹Ͳ֪ξƵ
׿֦ϱֻһϮɫOLȹɳôһʱ---йСװ-׵ĵ-Ҳһţ-ðͷɫխ-ȹҲξ£ʵ˴-ȸǱӡ-------Ĺ෼ݶֵı¶
ʶԼ---й׿֦Բʱ᷺죬ѽ˵˵õܵܣˣ˵𳶣˵ˣǴҵġ
׿֦˵Ĵȡ
˵ˣ
ߣ
׿֦ȹ޵С죬С-ɫ
˵ʲô
ξ˫һȦְ˻׿֦ˣתЦûûʲô
ƭңҿˣ˵Сɫǰɣ
ûУˣ˵С𣿡
׿֦գգۣ϶ĵͷӣ΢Ŀ⣬ٴξƴ-ϵʱѾоԼǷ-tunѹӴ΢΢
ղȹڻδ£Ȼõ˽-ܵͣĦ-׿֦ɫ죬С캩š
ݵļž
ӣ
׿֦һеĸоȻҵĲһ£ƺѣ̧ͷ­űĲƬľ
ξһЦ㲻ҪӿͶɽˡ
û˵꣬ξƵĶӻһ£ٺ٣Ҫǲҿɾͳˡ
˵ξƾ׿֦촽




293׽䣨

ξһЦ㲻ҪӿͶɽˡ
û˵꣬ξƵĶӻһ£ٺ٣Ҫǲҿɾͳˡ
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ӵһ׿֦ܵĿܣѵȻûѪԵϵȴҲݡǣ΢ڿ촽ȴ޼¡
޼£ҽڽڰʣ촽ʧأҲˣӴܵͷҲڱƵǣ־ܡ
׿֦촽ַʺеӣС죬Сֲʧ-У֬-ʣֲʧ-壬-ǿҡı۾ĸԸԼĳǣɬĻӦ
ξƴһ-£-֣Ϯ˰-۵Ľ-飬׿֦˫-ǳ-Բ-ͦ-Σξһĺ󾱣һŷ-Ľ-飬-
ξƻ-Ľ޹ǣԾʩΪ
׿֦ξƵĲӣͼ-ȵĽӴ-Ѿ--ˮ--ġ˼-ƻǣ׿֦ƿξơ
㣬һûԹأ
׿֦ξһۣ㼱ɫѽ㲻һأߣ
߽ʼΪξ
׽صи֪ξƺ׿֦ôˣ֪ǿ»ؼֻ֪ûסǿ
ҪûסξƾͲˡ
Ӱ׽ܹˣʱ޿̲뿪ˣûа취ΪӵԺǿûбöӣôͽ֡
ҲΪԭʹǿţʧȥǷ
˵ǸͽǱˣǰ׽ĳѣΪ׽뿪һϲ׽ൽĵزһżȻĻ˶겻İ׽࣬İ֮˱뷨
Ⱦ꣬Ѿǲʱʱ˰׽Ķӣ֮׽಻ɣǿš
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Ƕʧȥ-ĸԭ
Ϊ˰׽ʮΣЩںǿ񾭶ɣҲվһ￪ʼŤѾҲܲˡ
飬ֱԺء
ܣҲǿץǿ񶾵ĸⱲӼȻ׽ˣô׽ⱲҲù
ˣ׽̻̲յĹӣʱԼ챻ӱƷˣĿͰο
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֮׽Ѹղŷ˰׽ࡣһǿץߣξƷ£׽Ҳǳ죬ûи˶ãֻɥ
ǿǱץˣƾһĹϵҲǹؼ飬ң⣬˵ˣһȻ£Ҳʲô£ܺ˺ëûţҲϼ죬Ҳͳˡ
ӣΪһӳϣ
ͻȻ˵
׽һ㶣֬ǰϣʲôϣ
һЦںǿץˣиʮ̣˵ǲϣ
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ȱ
İ׽֣˵ϻȥ˵ϻѽ
˭
ŬŬ죬סλ
˵С֦ܡ
ѡ
˵ţͰеĻɶ԰׽ˣҸ˵ݿ϶򵥣ȥ׼С
׽ͷڳһĻҲξƲ򵥣Ӣ˵ϸ¶һԵʹ˸оУΣЦݣƺκѶѣУһЦ֮
׽Լĸоһ˵
Ŀ¶֮ɫͷûҲָо̫ˣûƷͷǼ˵ĳĿ磬棬ʵ̫˧ˡ
˧
ԣ˧
Ҫʸղ˭עξƣ䣬ÿһ飬ûзŹԺʱ䣬ǵݵЦݣ·ѾǺǣȻڳ
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ǵô
Ȥ
׽ЦǵһҺֵġ
ѹ绰ңҰԭ
٩
ᣡǲ˵Щˣ˵ȥӦ𣿡
PSϣ治֪ûУһھдӦûаɣҲȷ




294׽䣨

׽ЦǵһҺֵġ
ѹ绰ңҰԭ
٩
ᣬǲ˵Щˣ˵ȥӦ𣿡
ü룬˵Ͼûʲôϵ
ʵҲξƣţ飬ֻһ뷨ʱ¡ûйϵðȥ˼Ұ£ƾʲô˼ҿ
ûֻжԵȵĽסȻʲôϣȴֵһԡ
ѽ
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ӣҲҪɥҹǸͽС֦ģǸĵĺӣȥпܡ
԰ɣ
׽̾˿
ţСܣˣҪˡ
㣬̫ˡ
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ξƴӺ汧׿֦ףۿ˿ͿʼǣŹһʱ䡣
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ůʱξƶ·Ѿˣ-ǿ׳çĹͭɫؼĹ¡𣬳˱ըϱͻļ⣬򰣬⺷ݡ
ϣʹһĴƻɫ-㣬ӷǳ-С
ССĳ
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˽ĽӴ׿֦˽-ʹ-ˮ-ŢǱĶ---͸˿-࣬ξǿʹ£---Ų-˻ھ֮ڣ--һ---塣
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࣡ξưѴ׿֦мȡҺ£ͻȻ±׿֦Ƿʴ۵Σʹһ࣬

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׿֦ߵĲУ̨ϣƨɣü˿ҧݡ˲ǵڶμ棬û뵽Լͱξ۸
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׿֦ͻȻһ˦һһ˫˿˫ȱֱֺڰɫ߸Ьץһ˦ȫĶеϣоһȵͷͬĶֿѨһͬӡ
쬣ȣ졣
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׿֦üһͷһܵܣȥţ
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ξߵվ˭ʱ˴Ҳܡ

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Сܣʹӣװ̹϶ʲôңȥš
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İ׽һۣˣ˻У΢в
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׽û뵽ξƾȻװ̹¶ŵһɲǣͱ¡漴¶κ졣
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ȻŮĸξһ׾ĸͷǰҲС
ǲڸ°ɣ
۶࣬ξƵ̬ȣһ룬ͲµԭĿ治ɡ
ǰװ𣬽ɣ
׿֦ڳﺰһ
С֦ˡ
ξתÿǿ¶һ˿Цݣɣ
Ӵû뵽С֦ôͻݣѵãʵѵã
ﰢ̣ѽǺǣСܣڵӹ棬кһ¡




295׽䣨ģ

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Ӵû뵽С֦ôͻݣѵãʵѵã
Ц
ﰢ̣ѽǺǣСܣڵӹ棬кһ¡
ξⱲӻûôźˣΪһΡͰ׽һۣӶԷпΡ
ﰢ̣װ̣ǻûԷɣһɣ
׿֦Ȼ֪˵⣬Ҳµ붼Ϊǿ顣
ˣǶԹˡ
俴˰׽һּۣЦС֦𣬳˧
ֱ߾ǿֱǷǷ棬ʳΣһţſţڿһۿ˵ǳ㡣
һ˵ξƳĸߴ˧׿֦Ҳϲ̣ǺһЦڽˮݲξҲбۿһۣǣ΢ɲ¶һ˿Цݡ
Ȼûнܣ֪ŮˣǸʲôѲӳӡ
ɲŮòѽ
ƳξƵıӰֿһ䣬ǺǣСҲһʱˣȻû棬һѽͺϲ
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׿֦Цĺϲ£졣
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ĵĻﰢ˵Цˡ
׿֦¶̬

һ⻰һСʮˣʶҵ˶֪ûʲôëϲ˵ʵ
׽వ˸͵⻰û˵
λ̣Ȳ衣
鷳˴˧磬֪ôƺأ̲֪ԴŵЩðǧ򱻼ֲǡ
ҽξƣﰢ̽Сξˡ
˵ξҲڶɳ
СΣ
ͻȻԾû˵Լô֪
ǲŹκһ
㲻ǽﰢ𣿡
Ŷ㿴ҡ
ԼĶͷͣˣӾǲʹ˵Ļת۾͸ˣԹӴ
׽Ƴξһۣɫһ죬Ƥ䲻ﶼߵĻšξ΢΢һЦѾ˸ŵ˽⡣
䳡滰˵˳ڣǸŮˣʹ㣬۶࣬Թɫڴ˼ʹϵ




296׽䣨壩

䳡滰˵˳ڣǸŮˣʹ㣬۶࣬Թɫڴ˼ʹϵ
ξƵɨ䣬̺ḻһ˫ˮüƤʹŴӦʮµͣӰ-ķɫͽʵò˵ʮ--еһȡ
ʱڶɳϣ˫Ȳ£ȻЦݣһȻ֮ɫֱ
-ǰһɫŮʿһβϵĸо˫ֿץſӣָǱͻǳּʱʮֽǣš
һۣξѾ͸ĵĽš
Ů˻мɫĸ-ξϲһࡣСŮ˵ࡣ
ζ촽һЦ¶ݣӲȴСɡ°͡ǶȽԭƤϸˮ󣬰͸źΣ¶һѪ֮
Ȼûмٽë۾Ľë䣬ȴʮ̬
̳ţ۽ü΢΢ıơϸֱһƽչΪƤ·
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˵һֻۣ棬δڡ鰼͹֮òԣ֮¶
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tun
-Բ޳˫-ȣɫ£Բڽ֮£-һأ΢¶֮ΣƺξѾܵǰ-𪻬֮С
ʮµŮԣ˵ѾǺӵĸףӵŮ˶ƨ-ɷǳԲ--ˣtunԲѾξƿȴǳϸŮ֮
¡ǰȻţǱ--͵Ů-԰壬ȴѱξƿ˸Ρ
ɫëɵ˯£߸߳Բ-֮-֮-ΰ֮ͦεĻȺͲĽȸпԲ²⣬Գ-Ů֮壬һǳʵ-ۡ
ͣ˻ƽһģξ룬ƽʱһǳעضɡ
һ֮£˲Ϣ֮䣬ξѾǰŮһŵжϡ𣿡
ξҡҡͷҿﰢǷï껪һҲϣᣬûв´һɣ
ξƿʼ࣬ЦҪ˵ҿСβǾɣƣ⣬ɲһġ
˵Ż¶һĽ֮ɫ
-㻹ĽңҲûĴѽ




297׽䣨

ǺǣͰһҲżܲˣ
ξƳ۰׽࣬λỊ̇ʲô𣿡
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ǺˣȴڱԹξƣ̫ˡ
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ţһڰѾƺˣûʲôЦݣֳ棬ʵڲʺϡ
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ξЦЦѾƺˡʱһ绰뿪ˣھͬԴǣұԸңҪξƵͷ˵ûʵ˵룬ˣ˵ĺá
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죬ԵʱûѡҵΨһѡȻѪòǿջЦ




309׽䣨ʮˣ

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죬ԵʱûѡҵΨһѡȻѪòǿջЦ
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ţȻʵ˲׽ӵİסһελãǺǣôԴأСĸӹϵȻģȴҲϣĸӼӵ˼ԴףҲԲѽ
˵գһڸ˱ľƣֺȣһ󱭣һһǧĸоǰʼӰǺǣ
ţ⻰ˣοξƣЦЦӣʴȵģξƵ̬Ѿڤڤз仯а
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ξץ԰𪽿۵ţͿʼҿɣ˱ӣûͿʼΣͦͦĸˡ

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ξƵţ˵ʲôɧΪ飬ɬŤŤƨɣ𶯣
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ξŶֿ㣬һͰָͰ˽ȥ
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ξƴ˿̶üĦ˿ȡ
ξַʽһüĦ˿ȣһ߰ѹڿУȻֿɫֿ㣬һͿʼʳǱͻѨ




310׽䣨գ

ţһۿȥֻξһѽ䱧˯ϣ̧һֻõɫ߸ƤЬ˿ȣ߸ѹڿֱһֻȣξƼһţţҲ֪
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ʱã͸ܵǿƵıξѹţ˫¿棬ȱξƼ£Ħ
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ĸŮصԼҾ¥ѾӽʼƯ·׼ȥμӹŮӽֲĿžƻᣬΪλѾֹһڵ绰ߴ١
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Խܿʱ˷ˣ͸èצһ͵ĳ巽ʹɫ˼ǻֵܽܽܡ
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Ŷô˼أȷʵȥʡǷչ뷨ҲʵĵضΣԸæȻ֮ãǣ޹¸Ҹôرأ
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˰ɣ֪ƻǳزΪֲĿžƻᣬμӵҪôǹ˾ḷ́Ҫô̳ҪԱô㣬ͳزкϵ𣬻˵̳ҪԱ˵ܵѣ㡣
ܣ
һ㶣˭û˵
ξƳЦ֪ܶɣ
˭˵Ҳ֪
ЩҲס
ξĿ죬˰ɣ㣬زܾطܣܣ֪ƻ뺯ΩȨţһطܣһǳŵִܼ࣬㣬ط֪ܶ˭㲻Ҫңе뺯ԷϵģǺǣ
ɫ࣬˵ǺλԸģΪ֪ξ˵ЩǲģټξƲƣûзĻᣬƱ磬ſڣȴ֯ԣһҲ²
㣡
ξתͷźλԣ˵Դ췽ʣ㲻һžδ
ôܴ
ܴطܸȨǷԸġ֪ͷĽ뺯ҲģеèҲ˵Ҳ֪
λЩ顣
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Ĵӵۡ
Ϊ㻹ֻƾϵһ뺯ɪʲô˵ʲô췽㣬㲻Ҷе侹Ƥȳǽˡ
λ˱ξһ˵ѪɫǼҪ粵һ棬ʱλһ˵ʲôè壬ʲô֪ס
ξб˺λһۣѵ𣬾ͷǹϵҲ֪ѵҪҵڵƲɣߣ
治ף˵
λԵ򶨵ξһ㶡ƺͬƣΪǺʵȷξ˵
㲻˵Ҳ֪˵ʲô
λһĲмЦ㲻˵ΪֺδҪҸҽ𣬸㣬Ҫôʹش
Ŷ
ξȤĿźλԣλԻʲôĻ
֪ϲǼСƣҲϣ㳤Ļ˧ҲԼʲôУҪѧûѧҪûҪǮûǮҪûҪûҪλûλҪƷλûƷλҪʲôûʲôΪ㴩ɽװ𣬸ţôߴʲôãᣬûǮʲôҲǣְҵͦʺģҪǼСƵѻ治䡣
ξЦˡ
Цˡ
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ҲǿЦˡ
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λЦʵ㣬֪ϯ̨źΪʲôСƵƬҲ֪ǼŹ˾ܼ˼ղҲ˵ˣƻȨ뺯˵ˣһܣһǼŹ˾ִܼࡣ
ξһԲӣλжʹ죬ΪξƳԱ˲ôˣãӦòϴʳҶ˵Ļɣһ㣬ҵʱ˵ǼСƣΪѾϲˣ˭˵ǼŹ˾ܼ࣬ҳϣҵʱ˻ѣСƸʶܼ࣬ȴԸ㣬ܼȴʶСơ
˻һƾˣϾˣ˵ʲô
ҲԻĿźλԡξЦŨŶ𣿡
ܼ಻ʶǼСƣһʮкøУҽõ֤֪СһĹ齨ҹŮӽֲ
Ǻǣҿɼǵõĳ˵һǷΪСƽģôڱˣ
λһ죬ҵҲƭˣҲҽ֪ġ
ξƿʼЩͺλԣһܻ𳵵Ĺ治ǴģĻԣ߼ԣξҪǵˣ컹Ҫƭˡ
Աߵλ⻰﷭˾κˣĲУƵĿһ鱦ȥһܣһܼ࣬ǶôһʲƸѽҪŮİǸܼˣ˼ҿ۹ڵĴ󸻺Ϳƶˡ
֪ǲģô֪һźƺܡ
λԿ˽һۣһҲ˵ˣ뺯ȷʵƾϵܣܼ࣬תҽϵġ
ԣܼࡣ
켱æ͡
λЦĿξƣܼ췽𣿡
ƺɵĿۺλԣʱҲɵĿʼźλԵĻǸղ棬λΪʲô˵֪
ڳ֮ˣҲֻξԼңϲƲ֪λǷıƵĻȫǻԡԼξƲҲ˻
λȴţĻԾԲᱻ˴Ǻܼ൱öţܼԼ˵˼һ˼Ҹ߸ϣôЩˡ
һ˵λԼԼ˵ⷬʼţ˵ģһԭźԵ߾粻
϶ãҺ˵ģҲ˶١ȷʵͺλ˵ģȷҲ˶٣ݺλʼûŪס
ȻҲ⣡
Զü΢ξߡǸݵˣȴû뵽ξҲ⡣ںζ¥ҴҼһӣʼע⡣




321¾ƻᣨ壩

𾴵ĸλ쵼ǡŮʿǡǡϺã
¡صֹͣززĹؾϯ̨ʼ»ӭʡ
̨µı̸ֹͣ৵İĿ⿴ϯ̨
ӭŮӽֲֳǽƻˣơȣҴز쵼ԼȫԱλĵʾҵĻӭĵĸл
̨µıҹơ
ղ˵Ǽ𣿡
һ߹һ߿ߵĺλԡ
ʲô飿
λô᲻֪뷨ڹ˲۹ǰطΧڣ֪ܼൽһطߵмλӣλϲ׼
ܼСǼ°ǲģ
λŤͷ죬ЦЦʵ˵أ
ģǰɣ
Ŀϣ
йϵ𣿡
ʱطϯ̨ʼ´ǣǣŮʿǡ
ܣҾֲ̫Ưˡ
лл
˵ҲĽ
ǹ̲ͬĽ
̲쵼𣬺ǺǣܾͲҪǫˡ
Ǻǣ
ʲôʱҲվǸλã
Կϯ̨ϵطܣЦЦ뵱ȻãȻֻһȴǵ
ǼŹ˾ܼû𣿡
˰ɣ
ҿ˿ܼൽǺˣһֱǸԣڹ˾ˣĴԲ٣һҲûм
ܾΡ
Ҫ˵˹صģ˵μʲô
ЦЦ
˼Ǵô¶档
˭֪أ˵ʲô񱣬߳ĶԲڣǺǣ
ҲЦˣ٣ҲǴ𣿡
ң˰ɣ
ԳҡҡͷҼүǼС˾ܺǳűҶ˼ҲǸ١
Ǻǣ̫ǫˣҲûҿ˵ȦǸСͨѽʲôţĴﶼ֪
ûУһ㡣
Ҫ˵ǸСͨû˵иģСĳ湫˾
ϴ㲻˵㸸ײμӹǶ³վƻǿǼ磬û
游ײμӹζ³վƻᣬȴûм˵еδ٣ǴξƻǶ³ׯ԰ٰģҪ˵ǼһǴûȥҪǽȥ֪ǼҺЩŷׯ԰һ㲻ѷɫ԰ׯĽ㡣˵үӵվƻᣬʵҪܾ͸ܾ׿Ķƻᡣ
֪˵ˣֻû뵽׿ˣز¶ѽ
ز¶Ǳ˼ʶҪ˵ز¶˼δ٣ɽ¶ˮޣҪ˵һǺǣǰҲٴԣ˵ǻӣ͸һһɫҲ֪ȣⶼ͸ˣ˼港࣬ڲǬѽ
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ѽ˵ƽЩҪ˵ǳӻǴССĿžƻᣬǶˣܣҿ㣬Щ˵Уʶ٣
ңֲǲ֪Ȧӹ㡣
ǺǣٳλҾͲ˵ˣгһ֮ίǽǰ裬Ůڻֻ죬֪˶ʲôϰ壬˼ǽҵˡ˵˼Ȼǰ裬Ҳίǣһ֣ŵǸװڿ۾ŮˣǺǸ֪˭𣿡
ǲǽ𣿡
Զһ
ΣǺǣֻ֪нΣݾǽŮǺǣԾɣ
ԵͷʵţͽϲҲνû뵽Ů˾Ȼݡѹ֣ѹÿμطܺ˵ʱ򣬶һӭϵĸо
ԳԾЦˣϲ˳Ծӣ˼˼λ󸻺벻ǰʶһ¡
֮˵⻰Ϊ֪ط´ϣ˱ضҪҪһܡ
ʶ˻治١
ǺǣǱɫװʮ꣬󸹱λϷҵŶ³С֣ǻб϶ܿܿܿƾﱨʡȵȣǻʡϷʡУҵкǰʱֺ㶫ʡʼУ˼ҵķڰֵܣǸôӴ֣˼ǹڵĴý࣬˰󻧡
ͼСվһǸУƵܾܡƵҵ֪ҵ࣬Ȼʲô鼯š
ʿװλģԣпԶ԰ƵܾҲʲôʲô֪ǰǰ֪ɣǻĺ
ͻȻѹָָǰ治ԶǸŮˣλҹܻܾ˳㣬ҲǺͷǰʱ䶫ַĻƴڣŸմ˸ûһĵĻȡ
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лܾʵķԣ볤ŸܣպŮʿ´ǣ
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ǵȻ˵֮ǰڲ˹ĳԺԱܾƸģݺءܣǸɫŮͦƯģ֪˭𣿡
˳ŷԵĿ⿴ȥǺǣʶԱǸŮ𣿡
ŷʦҵȻʶ
֪ʲô𣿡
ʦ𣿡
ҡҡͷܣŮݶ򵥣˵ɫλɣº죬ʮ꣬ߵѧԺҵҽѧʿCHķˣҽѧŵ콱̨ͬʱҲǸŮǿˣԴʺ缯ţҲĹʺҩҵֵߵԪҡĿǰ
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ûţ֪𣬵վŮǰʱ꣬Բλ̸࣬ʲô׷󡣡
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ڶԳºƶԳºעϴλվƻϳºҲˣȻûǰº˵һ仰ļǵãºͽ촩һһɫ
Ȼ֪ξƵݣǵã˺ͳº˺ܾúܾã󻹺ͳºһ뿪




322¾ƻᣨ

ڶԳºƶԳºעϴλվƻϳºҲˣȻûǰͳº˵һ仰ļǵãºͽ촩һһɫ
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Ȼ֪ξƵݣǵã˺ͳº˺ܾúܾã󻹺ͳºһγ뿪
Ϊˣƻʧ˺һӡ
ˣͬԲλ࣬˼Ůǰı֣Ȼġ
Լݹ˾ְԱưСûУҪȥʲôְŮǿˣԺǿƷλأ߰Ůϰ壬治УʾͲأδԲѡ
ʶ
Կơ
㲻ʶ
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ʮָȤξƵһֱЩ͸ȻǸСӣĸоԼԼ͸һ˵죬ΪˣŴûӦԹξơ
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ξҡҡͷʵҲһֱڷʡξƲò˫ȫΪʲô˺أ
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Ӳ⣡ҲǼ򵥵⣬Ǳ̬Դ޳ܣ
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˵󣬳ºҲ˵ˣ֪һƤ񣬡ߣ
ôѵУǺ˽ң޴ΣÿǰѾصĺܺˣҵÿŵ㣬Ǳ㷢֡
ޣ˭Ҫ˽㣬飬Ҫ֪ɩӲãôʰ㡣
Ѿɩ˺òá
Զɩӡ
˵㵽Ҫʲôſϼ޸ң
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һ˵ϸףǰ츸׻ӡ绰ξƴôˣʲôʱ顣
ѵҪҵһλ𣿡
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һξ⻰º˲뵽԰ſһĻʱξҪõ廨գ˵Ҫξƹ²ſգξǹˣˣҵڸ飬Ū²̨Ǹܴܳԧ졣ξһ˵飬ºˣ˵ģξͻȻһС
ģǸϴԲǵġ
꣬ºһЦⱲֵûһ飬ְҵûʲôҪСÿˣԴףеȰˡ
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裬Ů˭ѽδ𣿡
ƿĸ׺ңСϸߣѾƿˣȻ֪ξƵıԣһξƺͱŮ˵˵ЦЦ׾ͿƲס
ӦǰɣҲ֪
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̾˿СѽСжҪ
һԻСһƲ
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ɫŮ˽гº죬ֻ֪ҽԺԺ
Ȼʶº죬ڳºҽԺϰ𣬶˴棬˵仰ǣ֪º첻ܼǵȴǵóº졣
ҽԺԺ
ºԱǸŮˣŷĴʦҲǰ̵ľˡ
ͰԼûκصģƽˡ
ԱߺңϲҲš
ҶԺľһֱʾɣ֪һжģŮˣȻũ壬ۡ
ҪδǮҽŷʦⱲӾˡ
ƳĬˣĿ⿴ξƣԻ
ƻͻȻҵٴϯ̨лܵľ´ǣھƻῪʼ֮ǰ¡ؽһǾƻֳļα쵼ǷֱǣίǣгΣҵӭгڰæ֮١
ƻһ䣬΢΢תʾ⡣
йֳݣֳ٣еĴӢִۣľüѽ
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Եͷ룬ԼĸһֱԿôôƯЩŮ˱ֱӹ֬׷ۡ
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ξһһŬ죬˼Ǹ߳º죬ƼûУɩӱȵƯˡ
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λһλƯŮʿҵƷƣ·׷ᣬSPAģ޷ZִܲãŮʿлĹ١
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СѾͷ㾭ŬҲһ
ҿɸϲ㣬(^__^)
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ͻȻºҲڿ¶϶͵Ŀ⣬ϲɵķȣеЦݡ
ܱϰ϶岻֪ͬӽ쿪ʼºһǵĳĳĳʿ
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ξЦЦŷξһۣ֮ǰھƻѾ棬¶ŮˣҽԺﵱʿ
ҽԺʿļҽԺ
ҽԺ
º˼ˣҡҡͷ벻
λҹܻܾ԰ƵܾԶƵܾƻа췽Ʒһ¥ʩޣʩܡ
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졣ڱ৵ĿͶº죬˼ҿĴϰ壬³۹ŮӢ˭ܱȡ
СֶԳº˵ͷڳ֮ˣܹͷ֮ˣһֻûУպһºһûУ֪
Ů˾Ȼǲʺ缯ŵŮ³
ѽҹ˾ֵڣ˲𡭡
۳ºıӰԭΪԱȼ磬û뵽໹֮ŮˣС




323¾ƻᣨߣ

Ů˾Ȼǲʺ缯ŵŮ³
ѽҹ˾ֵڣ˲𡭡
۳ºıӰԭΪԱȼ磬û뵽໹֮ŮˣС
ξЦųº죬㣬û뵽Ӱô󡭡
ߣ-費Ҫ
һξƾ;ޱ񡢶ģڵ⣬Ѿû취κΣڣξƺͳºվһ˵ЦһݵλӣѹֲסξƵıӡ
쿴ξһһУƨҲǣȴͳºݵλŮվһ׽Ŀľװݣ֪ϸ˴һֺݵĴñΪĳĳĳ
-α˼ҳº˭εʲôƨǣȻƤͳºվһ𣬻˵ƤӿƤź㲻Ҷ֣-ΪԼ˭ѽԼ˼ҪС--Ϊǡ
ʵڿξαͲףŮΪʲôϲô޳ܵļһӺҲͿˣξǸαСˣȻ˵ĺá
ξƳһۣЦ
ڵԹĿ⣬صĶôãʲô䣬ӹĲȻƵף˿̣ξѾɱ
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ŷĿ⣬¶Ի˿Իת˲ͱ֮ԺĿģǲŮ˶˭Ĺϵ
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ŷЦЦCHķȫĽͳ¶ȣòԶˡһ¶һаĵĺˣ֪ûмҵ뷨
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ŷҲЦˣôᣬиѴҵȫԸ½ΪѧףҲһִ𣡡
ξЦˣʵΰѳºйμӾƻǴҪģҪͨǱʽ
PSдͿסˣ֪ôдۣۣ˺üСʱдɾΣʣ죬дˣϺú롣




324¾ƻᣨˣ

ξЦˣʵΰѳºйμӾƻǴҪģҪͨǱʽо֢ʵλʽҪͨȻóºʽתξԼ¹νоɷ֡
νоɷ֣ʵξƵѪҺһξƻõǮǺϷģܣΪ֪Ҫ飬ͨҲֻܲ鵽һ漰ĻܣֻξԼͳº֪
ΪİȫξʱٸߵˣԼŮˣǲǣǽѰɳá
ҵȫ๲ͬһ¡ܵλؼαҲǾƻһλҪα˵ݲڼα֮ǽƻ췽ˣǳԱͬʱҲ»ж¡
λ޽ŮӽֲķˣͬʱҲĿܲ߻˵ǹĿһҲţΪֲ֮ȫѵΪ츮Со񹫿
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μҵشҪˣ֪һλҵҪһﵽ׳ʲôʲôͬ
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ԲܣԲǰʴʣҵȡĳɹôһңңôùġ
ԿξƣȻţڶĿʱѾľۼξƣξϵЦݣже£һϸ΢עϢʶڸ߷ԣξƵʵݡ
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޳ܵԶʶԼĴرܻԼĴǿӵϣԼҲȥԱˡ
쿴һУ׶ǺλɵģҪǺλ԰ѷԴͲʶԣҲжϴ󣬺ξƷìܡøղǼ˵Ǻλ˵ǷҲͲḽͣξƣһеһжǺλԣûаϵǱ󵼵ģҲܺߡ
λˡξһǣԥ£˹ȥ˵ģξһһЦݵģξƣСΣʲôأ
ξתбһۣͷ˿ʿɡ
ξƲԼЦЦ˵ģһӻûĶŮӵĺСǰɣ岻˵һЩĻһЩ£ǺǣǶ巸Ϳۻ軨ûǧҪϰڣǿˣǸˣСԺѽģһٸģǺǣ
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ѣ۳ʲôαװԼξҲףαƵξƵʱΪԵԼòξʶľ˵ΥĵĻ
˵Ѿ죬ⲻĻ⣬ҲξҪʵ˼ˡ
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ⷬҪǲĻ汻˹ȥҪƭξƣܣֱ˵ɣҪǮ

һ㶣ڻ֮С
ξʼգĿھƻϣûһۣ˵ô࣬㲻ҪǮʵɲأǶˣ˵ֻ֣ҪҿСƸϣǰТˡ
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ɫȱ仯
֮䣬ʼĬ
Ժ˽ս
һܲξƶֱƣһ֪ξƸղǻģǿЦġ
ģôļ۸ͼΪҪСԼԿˣξƣһξһ֮£һǮҲǳ˴
һȨ֮󣬸ռϷ壬ǮͿʲôҲȫ磬ôô棬뵽㣬첻ԥ
ҪǮأСĴξƵɫѰϢ˼֮룬ǰ⸻ӵңǧ˰ӦòɣһǧЩ̫ˡ
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Щร򣡡
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İôǮİ˵ʲôҾԲ۸ܵˡ
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˵ξƾҪ뿪
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סξƣǺǣл˵л˵ʮȷʵ˵㣬Ҳ֪Ҽѣ㿴вУһ򡣡
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ΪξƻҪѹۣû뵽Цģ
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СΣҲ̫ˡ
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Ǯ㻹ʲôģô˵ҲҵˣȻҲϲ㣬Ҳ᲻ˣ߲ˣһ㡣زҲûҪ㣬ǮͰ飬֮
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Сһ۵С졣
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ξֿ̧ʱ䣬Сѹԣڹ׬Ǯ׬ǮſԸóԵĺġ
С֪СѲ裬Сźͺöö㣡
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СѱĵϣתһȦ
ÿ˭ģ
׽ģ
׽㣡
Сģﻹкöߣ׿ġ
һ˵Сһһ̾ܵŮ裬ξ֪İ׽׿˭
СѵĻĴﶼЦˡ
ʲô㣬˵˶ٴΣҪа̣
秷üһɡ
ûϵ秽㣬ˣˣǺǣ
ֹסЦŵŮΪСξƵŮֵʱ͸ණ֪ǣôĹҲȤ
СһˣҿǲǳԶˡ
ξ׽£Сǰ
ûǣ˵СӳǣҪӡ
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ξƿŮһۣѽ
СһתԺҪЩŻ
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ΪˣҾкööߣöö·СҲкööۡ
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СѼһ۵˹תԹڵϿƬèµУһЦǵ秷Ʋ˼˸
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Ȼʱסһ𣬵秷ʼˡҲϣסڻ־Щӣÿ춼ζö࣬įǰϼȥҲˡ
ǣ˾ˣЩطʼղܱȵġʮϣŮҶ÷ξ֮䷢ʲôͿ˳ĽΪξƵĸ
Ƕ˾ûжȻû˵Ҷ÷϶Ҳᵽ˼秷ƿĳҶ÷ξĵġ
⵹Ҷ÷룬ξǰЩԱϾһӵĸףģ֪ξǷܹ
秷͵ξƣоҸ̽һ£ŮôػѣСиףĳɳҲкô
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ξ§Ű׽Цʵ
Ůǿξĸ׵ˣȻȻò-һŮ棬ξ§ڻʱЩȻ
Ҫ֪ǰҸŮ˼ŮˣһֻܼһҪɷڼͥһҪǽһȫµ˼άͬһˣױȣϻЩӦģӭŮĿ֮ʱߵûˡ
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ξɫһˣ֣ȥϴ裬ˡ
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Ů۴ٻǴ˵Ϸȴ棬̬ʵһçĸоһͿԿ֮ǰũ壬ʩˮȣũһׯں֣УмС϶Ķ֡
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Ȼ̱ˣȴǺܴǰξƲ˽秷ƣէ֮ΪѮʵˡ
ξѯʹҶ÷ξƣ秷ũ壬ǸЩطɻ鶼ǳ磬ʮš
秷ʮţҶ÷һܣȴûҶ÷ʮ꣬Ҳ˵秷ʮ꣬ͺ൱ûδ
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Ҿһڿ˶Ϊ˱ģѧĺξһǹη꣬ÿ춼Ҫֶ
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ҲΪʲô-ŮˣഺòԵʡҪŮ˵׾١
秷Ʊξסˣлξ˵ξֱӵ֮ʱͲ֪οڡÿһζÿÿξƣľִٲ֪ʲôԭ
ڼ秷ƴŶǺģڼ·ҲһЩʮ·ǰģûһҶ÷򣬶ǰã¶·ֻҪϾͻڣĶȫװͲӣ֮ġ
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ǿģΪëԺãкȸУ͸ϸҲѷ͹Ĵڡ
ξ֮Է֣ҲǴǶʮFɻζĲжϲ²ģӦòƫ
ëξļǵãġ͸紩˶ģʱ秷ϣת
һ߷ֳ޿㣬С£һ˫ɫı˿࣬һ˫θ߸ˮЬ
ʱŶȣ˫ִϥǰĴŴĴָ΢΢¸˫޴ͷˣȻƫξһߣԶξơ
֫˶֫御ܿԷô϶ദĲǢŵȸأ֮Ǻ
ξƳ秷Ľš߸Ьڽֺϣ˿ֺսֺǻ䣬ʼǳ-С
İ-۵ĴĴָ˿߸߶ѡ͸˿̽۰׵ֺ׸ǣֺͷĦ£ξƺᵽ΢΢㺹Ϣ
쵽ξƵĿ⣬秷ƸϽȣɫ糺죬СΣ÷ô
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332鷿秷

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ξЦ秷ơŮӶΪξϿȣллҹˣҪ˯ɣ
ǣү
秷Ĵ˴ĴָǣǸ
ξһЦ˿ڿȣ称̣лֱ˵Ȼһˣȴʤһˣα¡
秷̧ͷξƣͷСΣϲС𣿡
⻹˵𣬵Ȼϲ
ŮԸ𣿡
Ŷ称СѰɵǰɣܺѽһΪʲôأʵʹ㲻˵ҲѾСѵԼŮˣǺǣ
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秷ԥ£Ҳˣ÷Ӷĵġ
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秷Ƽξûб̬ѹֹסξƳֽݸοĺ󱳣һ§秷ƾ˳ƿξƵļϡ
̣⡣
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Щ÷ȷʵͦģԷģԺ󲻻ˡ㿴סһͥôѹ÷Ͳòˣһúչġ
ллллСΡ
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лʲôҸղŲ˵һˣȻһˣͲÿˣˣ˼ҿˣΪ۸أ
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ΪܹƯ׾װɣֵˡξҪʱ秷ξƸղŵĻ֡
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秷Ա۾ɳϣ΢΢ͦͦ°ͣ촽ɣ
̣ǳҪɲã˷ѶһҲˣؼľҴӿɳҪȫգվҪһֻλˣЧŻﵽѡ
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Ǻǣ˵ͦѵģʵҲûѣֻҪ㰴˵ȥҪȫעʲôҲҪ룬о׵ȼǺǣ˵Ҳףһһ˵ɣ
Ŷɵýѽ
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秷ƿʼЩᵽξƻ˼ˣ֪ǶԻǴξһۣת-¶-ԼԲ----ε-ΣξƵķԸһִĲӺ棬Ȼȳξ-ȥ
Ȼ󳹵㵹ξƵĻ
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ξﳤ-һȦ˵ͣҴ-Ե
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秷ͬʱҲ߽һڸղһ뵽ԼҪǰС˻ʱֿԤϽĽ-ɸоʹ-ɶɿʼڡ
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š
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ξһܹĸо֮䣬ŮҲ֮ߵ䣬΢΢Ĳ-ŮϢ
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࣡
秷˿ĭĽëϣѵ촽΢΢ſһ죬׼ӭξƵǡ
ξһԼ촽
İ촽ڽһξһ秷һۣ漴΢΢תӣͷȵ⼷秷Ƶ촽ݣǻȵĺࡣ౵һİѺ-˱Լ̣ɻһһڵģһһš




333秷ƣһ

İ촽ڽһξһ秷һۣ漴΢΢תӣͷȵ⼷秷Ƶ촽ݣǻȵĺࡣ౵һİѺ-˱Լ̣ɻһһڵģһһš
Ƿʺ౻ξǻֲƣΪ˱秷û˿Ͷ΢΢ϵʱξ˲ܵһǰδеͿС
ɲǼ䣬ëſƺ⡣
ָоÿһζͬһƭ͵ĽɿУè͵ȵóѣһƭȡξϿһţ˵һѻŮΪӣȥһлɳƭ˴
ξھָоƺһ秷ƾǸѻŮԣòΪӣξƭȡ秷Ƶ塣
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秷Ʋɵӣ֪ƭֶǱʶԸƭȻڵϾԼܣ߼ΪԼҵһö֮ɡ
秷ѪҺˣξʱϸȼֳһӶûо붼顣
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ԼһҰȻҲб䱦һ̣ͨξͷ秷Ƴоξƶϧ֮飬ĺǻСһصξƵĻû˿ܵ׳࣬ͳԼһС
ξ˵ûȫɣȻͶʱ秷ȷʵᵽһ񽻵ĸоƶԷʲô֪
ͬʱʶǣһƬůĺﻨ㣬£ľ续еģǵţ궼૳֮ҲͿĴΡ
秷̫飬ƺȫʧȥ˶ĸоξʱ򣬱㽫θʱ秷ƻɶɿٷڣĹѾʧһƬޱ޼ʵĿ֮С
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ξƷһֻ֣秷Ʋһǳ촽һϮ秷ƵƵ½ǣһ˳ʥŮ߷壬ͣ嶥ˡ
ʳָΪ㣬ԲԽһϸĥŪӴ秷ƹȻûд֣ȫա
ξ¶һ˿Цݣͷ粦һĿбŻŮüȻʶУû˿ĸоֻظ֮ˡ
ٿŻɫ˿˫ȣķɳϣˮ߸ᵹһߣ˫ƱֱŮŽż⣬ֺǽץһԸ֮
廹иоֻǱʶĶξƵİܵķӦξ𣬴͵ץ秷ϣؾİٿŮ˵˿ţǿҵĻӦʼĻ䣬Ħ
飬Ȼɣ̹֮Ĺǵشɫ޿λ¶ˮա
ξ秷Ƶë¶ǶʮFİ۽飬ۣͭʺںɫͷȻۣ鷿Ȼ𪣬Ȼ֭ͦҺӯԴȪȡ˱ɢܰϢ
ξһּѹŰ۵鷿秷ƵĴ࣬ת٣˱һһ߳ʱʱϸס

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ѩѩѩѩѩѩ
ξƷȪ֮ţͷѪ秷ġ
Ҷָ秷ƵĿУŪ࣬ͣϢ˱ʥŮ壬˳ƶ£秷˿СϸĦš
鷿ʱһƬ˱֮秷ʶ˱ξƵָͬʱͦűظξӡ
ξû뵽ζ𣬿źԼŮˣʩΪӣ⣬˿еĳˡ
ξ§秷վ촽ɿ˯־Ͱ˯۶ɳϣһ§秷һǣһ鷿ë׵ĵ̺ϡ
ʱ¶ǹ߾٣ڸǰ־߰秷ƵСϡξ˫ִ»ηʴΣ˴֬ʣξû˿ϧ˫һץһ͵ΰ룬ûйģôôࡣ
秷Ȼûκεķ˫§ξƵĲӣ̬õİףԼĽҺ
ξ§秷Բߵشǰ˱ϣ৵һξ˴ҹɫããǶԶƻϼ⣬ľ
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ξҪģһЦ̣ղΣǲһΡ
秷ߺ죬ɿξƵĲӣϣͷһѹ͸оѵ
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秷ġ
̣ղǲǺ
СΣҹˣ˯ˡ
˵秷ƾҪת뿪ξߣӱȥϣ˫ֻ٩ȥѽ
СΣ

ξһ׳ǹĦ秷ƵƨɹһҧĶЦʵ
秷֧ż
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ξת秷ƵĲӣ̱۾СΣŹҰɣƣҪŮˣȥ÷ӣϲ㡣
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ҡ
ξ˳ֲ޿㣬࣬ǵش
һƬʪ֮ʱСξһ־Ͱ秷Ʊ˽Сͷϣڿָһ˿˿Һָͷ

秷׻ζܣǰ׷ж½ء
ξƵָһһָٴδȳϻͻⴽһſһ֭ˮ
̫ˣ秷ƴδоһ߸оǳ裬һ߸оǷŵáˮղŸ߳Ĳ֭ҺξһſȻ˳
Ȼо裬ξƵ֮£秷ȴܵһֿУֿоǴƽɵĿС
ǰǸԱصŮˣ·¶Сȶ˵ǷʱȴһС˵Ļˮ
秷ԼⲻԸģǱȵġŬȴܣȻ֪ƨɺǹȴŬȥײĦССΣ𡭡㡭Ź̰ɣม
ξĿϷŹһ秷ƵС죬һָ߰Ƿ۶̣֭ѽҲǸ˵ҪңЧŻã
ξƾ秷ƵͿŷǡ
ͬʱϮϽ飬




334秷ƣ


ξ֮秷ƸоԼǧɽǻɽۣǻɽǻɽص֧ξֻ־Ƕħ֣һδβŪ֮£秷ƻѪ֮ٵ㼯ϸ˿Ѫգʹ֮Ѫڡ
̶ʱ秷ƵĹѾŢˮʧ֮ڣɫοڿʪ͸ˣģܡ
秷ƽͣܲԼξƵǣ꣬ڴڴĭذš
ûعֱξƷס촽СΣܲˣ
秷Ǳܣǰǰãֺ󲻵ãֻ£ͼξƵϮ֮ʱӾˡ
秷ʶľн˫ȣڵϡ
ξͷϣܷŹ𣬵ϣ˫ץëһۣ·ȻӣԴ秷ƵҴ´Ž顣
ͬʱһβɣϸĦ
秷ľֳ棬˫ץգлȻ֪ڽӣԿ
ʱ˿Ҳ˲ЩΪξƵϹѾȫԼһϡʣӣ飬ξ¶֮Уˬѡ
֪ǸþܾǸӭϡ
秷ĳ̾עעҪСԩڲš
秷Ųӣüҧ촽
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ξ̧ͷһЦվֱӣ̣𣿡
ᣡôƭŮӵġ
ξƻһЦ˫һ

ת秷Ƶӣһͨǣ秷ƶ§ξƵĲӣ۾Ц
ˡ
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秷ƺĿξһۡ
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秷ͦ˽ξƵĦ̧֮һ˿ȣξƵƨɺ棬˫һξƵ֮£һҲ̧Ӷξϡ
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ҲʾҧξƵĶͿʼͷɦŪ
ŶŶŶӡ
ϰŮ˾ζŮ˽дһܡξƵİ֮£秷Ҳ׽Ūξƶԣͬʱžջ٣ξƵĹ
תξ秷Ƶĺ촽
һ˱һŰ⺷Ρ
ξƲżеʱ䣬ô秷ƣϷö֮
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ʲô
ʡ
ξһ޹㲻˵֪ѽ
秷ָָԼ
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ƣƣﰢ𣿡
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ξ̧秷һ˿ȣСƣһЩʪζŨ

秷˫Ĵξһš
ξץסףͷϸеĽֺһ飬Ȼ˫ȼϼϣֿȣ˺һָĿӣڿճһߡ
秷˫ץˣŲӣ۾ۿξƣоξƵĺӿԼ˽ϣ޿飬졢СԩңŶ
秷˫ξƲӼеҪξưǷʺĻⴽϣԽį֮࣬ŶŶŶŶŶŶŶŶŶߺߡҪ
ξһӣվ̧һȣⴽ棬һͲ˽ȥ
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ξƻ˫ֱ秷һ˫˿ŻԲȣϺƳһ㣬еĽӲխСѨڣݿ磬룬ٵ秷ƶᣬϡ
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ͣξÿβ룬秷ƵƨɶҪһǿҵײȻŻ˿ȻԿѾ졣
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˵Ȼ秷ƵĽЩʪζڴʱȴξƾϴĪĽɿС
ξƳɳᵹˮ߸ЬааһЦͻȻͣ§秷Ƶһ°ɳϱڵϣ̣Ьϣ
秷԰˿׽Ь




335秷ƣ

秷ƵŽż⣬ξƵķԸ԰˿׽ˮ߸ЬУΪ˱ֲ״̬ɿ
秷Ʋ֪ξҪʲô˫պһźƣüͷʣ̧ξƣ֮ӣתͷߣξƽʵϣԩңʲôأ
ξһЦ̧°ͣȻ㿴ѽﻹб𣿡
ңʲôÿģᣡ
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˵ξƿ秷Ѩﹰһ£ʱߺ죬˵ʲô˼Ҷȫƭ˵ġ
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ٺ٣˵СǸýأǸý⹫÷ӣ˵ǽҰְأǽϹ
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ξ̧秷Ƶ°ͣͷĺ촽ţ
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ξƻ秷һǣһߵ칫棬ŷſࣵһγ秷תſںľ칫ϣ߾Բ۵ĽΣ˫ȱֱŸ߸Ь΢΢ֿ
߸˿Ʒǳţκһ˿秷ưڳԸ˵Ķˣǹ߾١
ǴŸ߸Ь߾Σ֮䣬Բ
Բ޳Ļ˿ȣ̵ͦİΡ˴ſϣͷĿξƣѩ׵ϼѹΡ
ξѹѹ秷ƹ񱳣ʹ֮γһUαߣһ秷Բε̵ĸˡ
¶һֻܿ߸˫ȣ˿˶΢΢һζĻ˿Σϰ
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ξƳͷ秷ſ³һƬɫ⸱ξƵʱִһȦվ˴ԼıһŴ󼦰ͣڻⴽм䣬롣
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ξһɻôˣ֪ʲô顣룬ξҲվš
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Ŷҵĺš
⻰秷ƿˣ˫ȿξƵϣ§ξƵĲӣײԺݣְξƵ˯۰Լͷϣѩ󣬹ͷβ
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秷ƽ߲ѣֻΡ
⾰ˣûзǹţߵξƶɳ£˭ѽ
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ߣͷȻ˻֪ѽ
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Բ²
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ξȤЦκ˫Ųȵأȣһ秷Ƶƨɣ͵ļӴȣžžžž
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һΡ˲³˴ʱſξŮ˵ݣ秷ƣ
秷Ļ˵磬ξƵҳ£һƶˣͬʱξһ飬ش󿪣ͣȺľҺЩҺȫ秷ȥ
꣡꣡籩󣬶˹ƽ




336秷ƵԹ

翴࣬Ƥģƺеܣǿ秷ǿξϵĽʵΣϵľβʱָоΪǿҡ
·Լ秷ƣĹ͡Ȼʱξ´棬ȴûкξƷ԰ϵֿįĥˡ
Сΰ͡
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秷ξһۣү㵱Ȼ£˼ҼµģһһˣСЬ
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秷𣬽һҶ÷ϰʱ¸̸
ʱ쵽賿ˣξһڣô¸ˡ秷ƼææëȻѻ˿ڿҲˣ浽ǾҺˣζȥ׼÷ӷֵģСΣȥ㷿ϴ裬𣿡
аϴԧԡɣ
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Ϊ˲Ҷ÷Ļɣ秷ƻǴԼԭ·˿ڿѾٴˣǣôȫյ߳ξҡ
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һֱڵĸ秷ơ
꣡ƿ秷̽ԴһۣһƼҶ÷˯£һڣɾڹһɲǡ
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˿ΪʲôҪأҶ÷ٴλͷƳ秷ƣһĸǵشȻƹⲻǺȴע⵽һƬʪպۼٽ秷ƶҶ÷Ȼµһ˵ʵ
гξһˣûбˡ
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žžžӵĽͶ˳
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ŮһЩΡ
ǡʱ򣬿һԷ͵Ĵ򿪡
秷ƻûӦʩ޾ʹ˳ֱ㶵Ŀɳϵ秷ơ秷֣ˮװˮЩѾ޼¡
秷ﳹˡ
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秷ܲһ춼ûͱ˯иǿѩı
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秷һеĻ䣬׽࣬׿֦ŮҲ
秷ƺȻˣЩŮ˶ǺξƷԹϵŮˣԼԲнһҪ
ٱڣѾΪξƴΪ֮ˡԹŹ֣ӲơȻս־ӣŮҲ¼
˵ξƳǺôٱƳľǰϵģû˿ĶĸŮ˸һ秷Ҳû档
ŴŮ
Σطξ𴲣ΪԼѡ·Ȼò࣬ҲӲҪǮڶԴξƷ棬ŮһӲģξˣıӣһУΰξƴˣĵ顣
־ӾסξÿһŮˣˣҵС¹Լ·ûУԲûξƵ·
ÿγȥ֣ϲװξƵĳߴ磬ξҴһ磬ͻξƴϡ
ΪˣξԼ·ˣȫɰǰ	




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ΪˣξԼ·ȫİްæ׼꣬ӶҲͣɵںò;ʳ
ʱξƵĸţŮѣҲ׷״ôԼĹòͣò֡
ʵǸԵסҲһֻǲżС
Ͳͣûôʽ浽ԣߣϰࡣ˵ˣξҲûôأɵòͻá
ξϴϣʱ˶ߵĲˡСһɫ޷ñһɫǣ秷Ƶ֣һһŸҲˡ
ϣղ;ߵʱʣСĥĥһ߳һ˵Ц֪ͣ˵ʲô޽ӣʮֿġ
δ磬ҪȥѧУ𣿡
죡
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ûһᣬС˷²;ߣĨĨ죬վδ磬ȥѧˡ
ξҧ˿ĿȻڱֽϣͷҲûֻ̧ǵ˵ͷŮ֣˳ȥٻȺ򣬶Ůϳʻ˻־ӡ
СһҲ̫㵱ˣŮѣôһҲ㡣
ûаܹҡ
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飬ˣѧϰĽ׶ΣǶŮ鳤̰ͼܵʱ򣬴ôɫֻҪһ;ʮҸˡ
ɵŮˣǱˣǱԻҩô춼ĺáû㣬һأ
˵ʲôﵱȻ
СһҸ
˵ġҸѽڵŮˣǾϲһ첻֣ʲô˳һᷳ㡣
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ٺ٣Ͽġ
ϾҪ߿ˣ㻹ĿЩ顣
˵أȥ˵ѽ鷿ǣҾ鷿￴ġ˵˵ԹôúõĲѧ֪飬С椣Ҳ֪ﵽװʲô²͸
㵱Ȼ²͸Ҫǲ͸ˣͲξơ

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Ůߣξڰֺ꣬һţ̣¥һɫȻӳѽ統г˳һţ˳ȥ

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Ҫ˵ξһݺھƻϹϵΪܣҲ˵Ĺȥ֮佻Ҳġ
֪ΪʲôŮ˶ԼֱƺֱǵʾõȻҲ⡣ǳԼֱΪֱδ
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ڣˣȫůҲû¹ѩСѩ·һЩһҲ档
У԰صĴѾϽ˱⣬ٳ˴ҴңһҲ뾡
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ͷȻĸĸеĺúӣʦеĺѧǴʱ޲ðһá
˫ʱʱĶЩѧϰĻѧͶĿ⡣ξ߽һ̣ʩħһৣĿͶ˹
Щ˵ȻС飬ܣҶ塣ɫвͬСһȣȻƵĵͷ
ΪʱҶһҰҶ帴ϰΡСҲûа취ʦ˼ȻԸҲòæ
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340

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ʮĽģѧɰǧûѧǰܹ͸Ҫ˵ѧ涥ײˡ
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341¼Ȯ

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ƿܾطܵİ칫ңܣǷܵĴǳʡ
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342

߳У칫֮ξϵЦݲˡǰı仯һˣƤõ꣬һ˲һѪ硣
˵ƣ츲ء
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磡
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Ϊ׵Ľξʶ
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Сӣʲôҳѽ
һĭڵϡ
ԣڹơ
ξƳ۲ٳ˫ֱؿϷƳ۲ԶҶˡ
˵-ģӱ¿ǲǣʲôأڸ˵û𣬸ϿģӼ

һ䣬ļͬ飬Цˡ
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ûӦתǹѣžһҡ˹ȥϳţ񳵺ХȥʧѩҰķҶС




343º

·ϣһʻľ
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ҵܵܣҷŹǣҵԸ񣬾Բߡ




344ɽ

裬ҽԼŻǾͱˡ
ʲôүǸ˵𣬽ҪСΰԷô
ӵξƵĵ绰ʧⴴξƺͷΰúģ˳֮ϵû룬ξһ˷Ÿӡ
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345뻳

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һ߱һŮȻǳ
ȻƺĬһ仰Ҳû˵
ڸղξƱƳһ̣Ҫǰ϶һѣֵǣҲ֪Ϊʲôû
ãξƲûжԽصľٶֻ§ϣǣܹĸоξ°͵ıññͷֻ˲еǾٶ
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346µ

Ѧ˫ֱأŶȣǿ״һһɫϡղѾˣƵĳӲڣ϶Ѿɽ
ֻҲⲻǹʲô
ò״ӷᶼƳ񵽻ҵƣû뵽Ůһת˲ˣΣֲ֪ȥˡ
ѦͲˣòͼǴ´ࡣƯŮ˿źŵϣƵģΪʲôƫƫͲϲ
ǣҲЩѦͷԣƾïţнĺӹСܸԣ
ѦңǶŹ塢ζ飬Ͱǰȴ֪ϧ
еʱ˻ǼԵõĶҪõ˵-ʱ
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Ǻǣ
ллξưɡݸǱ
𣿡
ʱһԱ˹Цξơ
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룬С㶼Ѿźˡ
磬ҪԷҶҲˣһμ𣿡

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˴磬ôС
˵˵ͱסξƵĸ첲֪ΪʲôȻξƽ黹Ҳż棬ƾϲǰһΪξһûôԼĿķɡ
ƻξƷѲ·̵ӡ˵Ȥ´󵨣䣬ݣԸֲʧأ˸ԶԶڵ
ǰȫʮ㣬ܷſ飬硣
ƳҲһԸΪʱעԼֹ̬ʧ̬ξƵߣĲ֪ãαװദƬ̣һɣ
ŮͰ͵ĿԼξƻǷˣԵٷɲ򵥡
һͻȻ塱˹ϲСƣûߣ
ʱ￩һϵЦ˲ʧˣôĲӬˡ
תͷһѦѾǰСƣһΪ㡱
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תͷξƣĿ˲һƣ˭ſĳ֣
ȶŮڳĻξʵѾڶͻȻӵҲѦξƲûж㣬бб
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Сӣ
ѦָξƵıӣˣͱ-ĶŮ˺棬-ǹ𣡡
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ξƱѦһ̼ͳ嶯ѦϡҪξѻ˵ĹȥȴѣĪ˵ˣѿ¶δϣһĴ֪ѦֶεģҪǰξƸˣιȥ
磬ǧǸӣ
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৵һ£Ѧһץһϵӣ´۵һ¾ͱ漴ݺݵġҡڵϣ̶һۣ¶׳ؼһָξƵıӣ˫ŭ𣬡
ξϵЦݽֱˡ
ث֣
ѦһЦ
˼˼ԣԱ߷ԱԸһǰ
磡
𣡡
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ξưѰɫװɿſӣѵϵֱһݸơ
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˼˼ԼҲ˵ӱϣĶǿˣһҲﲻ𡣵ξƵһοЦݣȴ˲䲩ĺøУͬʱĪˣΪ֪ýҪкġˡǰǷˡ
˫ֱأԱߡ
ʱס
ҹɳɳ͸оʪ硣
վڴ룬šһͻҧгݡһޱ飬Į
ƺƳһۣһ֮ɫѦңʮѬպʵףɼһ㡣
սξƱɡǣ浽ӣ˼Ҷָ˱ϣҲ˵ʲô
СӣӵǽҲڣҾ㳢ʲô
һ䣬Ѧоⱬſ˫֣˲գҽһбɳ粽͵ĳξƳ˹
ưҹչףԻ

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ξ·ۿŵϵѦ
ѦĵĴӵĨĨǵѪ˿ξƵĿ⣬޵㡣
쵰
ξǸ߸ϵӣѦ񳹵ʧȥǣî˾ܲͷһγξƳͼͷײ
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סۡžһųװѦ˸ǰ壬ξһţ˲ٴη
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Ҳˡ
©ָһѦڵϣѪؿڻΪѾˡ
ξƿϿӣӹ״ϣȻֱתתϰ壬鷳ɳȥҽԺɣ
˼˼ͷԸѦ̧ȥ
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ξǰ˰֣תֿƳһۣЦ˵ĲӬûˣǲ𣿡
ŮһۣȻͬʱξƷ˷ۣǰ׵ģԭ㣬
ƵŽξƵĸ첲
ʲôĲӬǿԵġ
Ǻǡ
Բ𰡣ƱǸ
㶼Ҵˡ
ξգգۣ˵Ӧõģ˵ˣһʵᡣ




347·

ƳξһۣǴЦתȥ
㶼Ҵˡ
ξգգۣ˵Ӧõģ˵ˣһʵᡣ
ᣬҲ̫˰ɣ
ôˡ
ξƵͷЦƣ٩
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ξƳŶһһȻɫԭڵѽ
ƿƳƳһۣЦʲôᡣùϵ磬ѵ𡣡
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ƳƳʱƲŷӦⲻ𣬽;ΣʵܲξЦĿ⣬ϽֵѵҶҶʾһ¹ҲӦõģ㡢ɱ롣
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ξƳƳ񣬺߸һЦ˵ʲôôһҲ
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ˡ
ξƿǹ龫ֵǴЦ⣬ǲ⣬ٷңȥЩ㣬ɣһҵġ
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Ҳ̫侲˰ɣҲһڵ֪Լܵвʱô侲
أ
ʲô˴ţ
ţȷϿ𣬲һˡ




348´ս

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ҡҡͷһ£һǶԼıºаգɵӦңЩŮ֮¡
ξЦЦûлش
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֣̽ϵĹκһ˶Ķ֣ڡˣ粻ǿͿԾʤģǿ⣡
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Ůһһ
ղŶ˲²ĻƶŮȻһЩۣ۲̬Ͳһ˿̻ǻΪڿЦ˵ġ
ǹͳˣʶⲻڹҼңȻǹеǺ˽⣬Ǹҿ϶һǹ
һԼǻۣŵ˵ϲñ⣬Ϊʤ֮䣬ǵһ໥ٶֵʱϣģԼʤԷǱ
λ֮УòʲôȤֻǵǱһִ̬һʱǰĹ۲죬Ƕͷϴĵ֮Уǰ𽥿ʵʱ
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ǰϴݺΪһҹӣûκ֧֮£ôһɣһõڱ֧֡
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ȻξƲصĹվǱˡڸղţﻹ΢΢ʧΪⳡû̵ĶԾ̫ûʤҲ̫򵥡
ֱǰϴûôöԸξһȦףûκγԤϵⷢʱһʧ
Ǿڸղţڶ˵̸֮У쵽һ˿Ǿʼξ顣
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ݵ˼֮󣬾þ߽ξһţ˵Ƿڳǹ
ǺìܣϣξڸѹѰԸ̶ԾĿ-УֲַԼյĸо
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ŮۣرҴξƺԵ޵Ŀֻš
Сã㻹ûɣ
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ŮӸ첲һ§סξƵĲӡ
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δѵڲﲻôĿֻţǹֶڲ
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⣬Ե뵽ϲԽ




350˼˼

⣬Ե뵽˼˼ϲԽ
һһС
֮ǰǸСֻܶ࣬һŴԲԱСӣ滹Сᣬ齫ƣһϴּ䣬ǹ˷еĵط
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һֱûһ˼˼˵ⷬǴעġȻξƵⷬһֱƯ˼˼УůļʣӿԵͷ




351´ɩ

һֱûһ˼˼˵ⷬǴעġȻξƵⷬһֱƯ˼˼УůļʣӿԵͷ
·ӹ鳲һеΪˮ
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ҪǰԼᰮһڵͷӡˣ͹˲ôˡ˵Ů׹밮ӵʱ᷸ͨɵ
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һҽԺѦŴһ࣬°ͣͷ϶˵ƣһһ顣
ıǿѣܵȵ𵴣ãƲأڴϴΡѾһСʱȥˣѦ˫۾ôֱ㶵Ŀ컨壬һҲûж
Сû۸ɼΣܵĴжֻҪһ뵽ξżѦѹֲסķŭ
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㣬˭ĳѽ
绰δ䣬˵һѾʻ˳ȥϽץסͷİ֣ϵϰȫ
˭ģȻǱ˵Ͻ𣬺Ǻǣ
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緭˸ۣҵȻ֪ġ
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ˣѽһԣó˭ģϳһԣһǰڳʱÿ˿źƵ꣬ƨƨǰԼǾƵͲġ
һǸԹԵŮӣҲ棬ԸЩ֪ƵûдͲķ񣬵һǸɰƯŮҲ˼ܾ
½ͷҲ֪ˣûз⣬ҲûͶߣһΪƵһķ羰һֻ۱һֻۣȥ档
ֱһΣ㿪һλ˵ķȥ磬ճȥûλʱ߳Ƶ귢Լĳˡ
ʱλŮ˾ˣǣͶˡҪС̺ѩܾЩ˵˵粻ڷøˡ
˳źֵ߽ûԶһ·ҹʻһ·̣˷޺õϺ·
ɫ۽γȵͣһϴİӣϴ
һɫװϴĺͷһǷС˹ȥ˻߽ЦѾӴǷѽ
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һϰߣϲ˴򱧲ƽҪǸС۸ˣԻͷ
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һ⻹ûüͽСϽİ׳¹͵ظѽһῪģҲշѵġ




355ۼ

һ⻹ûüͽСϽİ׳¹͵-ѽһῪģҲշѵġ
һ⻰ξЦˣ𣿡
ôƲѽѾˡ
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ξƣҲ˼
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𣿡
ɱˡ
ʶԼ˵ˣСһ졣
˵ʲô𣿡
һȣ֪˵ʲôźá

Цʲôѽ
۾ξƣӣʲôЦģЦˡ

µ棬һţߣΪҲ֪ղʲô㲻ŮŮЩ˵ľ-

ЩˣúõƫҪЩط롣
ˣʱ򣬲ʳҲͳ׷ķ֮һǽһʳݣֱͨÿεͣˣֱӴùĲ͵ҲǴﴫȥȫԶר
ȽʡҲʡΪʳﱣ¡
ξ߽ţط˿ȡ˳
ۣ㰡
Ը֣ŮȻЩɵģۺãӲƳʲô˵ʲôֱڿ죬ദѡ
ξӹһ򺣬۾Ƕ쵰һ----ཻмֿɰСţ
ģξҲøˡ
˿ĭҪԣͻȻͣסˣƺʲô飬ֳӣ̧ͷξơ
ʲôѽ
ξֵ
иСС󡣡
˵
㿴ôྫʳһʵڳԲ꣬ܲܣ

ǣиһã𣿡
𣿡
á
Ҳϰࣿ
ţǷ㣬һŶûأ
ξЦˣϣò˵㵱Ļְͦ
ô˵ǴӦ
ξƵͷ
ϲЦտֵվξƾ˼лл
ϲ͸ǣѾӾˣЦֱֹͣ
Ǻǣ
ξЦЦ˼
ʱֻϡ
ҵˡ
ţżҸطɣҺһ㣬ԺƬؾͶǵĵ̣Ҳľҡ
֪ˡ
˵绰ξָױȥ˵绰һɣ
Ŀǰ۴ֺ̫ӰݱţᶼǾǱߵĵƷ졣
ոһʵҪ裬Ҳʲôǰ棬ҪһЩɼᶼǻ̫Ӱ£˼ҵϸ㶯СΪ
Ŀǰ˵ξܹϢޣһ˸صױһתͶµľá
Թ°ȻѾӦξΪ£ξ֪һٸԸģ˵ľ㣬Ϲȥ
Ů˺ʤ̫ǿ
Ϊ˿ǾõĸܣξƾڶԸ̫Ӱϣӣ򲻵ԣ档
˵ˣɱԼĺýã˭Ҳ׹һʱ϶ǳ䣬Ϊá
Ҳ˵ĿǰξܹõģֻױһˣҲξƵԸҶʱʱⰲȥģҲ֪ܲЧ
ҪһױǱĳɹ
һξƵȻûǾѩ٣ŮǰȻЩԴӸξ֮ѭ浸أ
֪ͨԭаңǮ˽İһξƻҳϵġ
һ뵽ѩ٣ξѾһʱûϵˣǸúúðοһŮˣ˳ʲôջ
֮ǰξǧ˷ᶼ֮һҪȥҰݷһ£ȻǺϵ˫ȡ棬˼ұϾڻûк¾ȸ֧֡
֧֣ǱߵĹҲῪչô˳ȥݷ⼸Ůˡ
ξ֣һһӵӾʡҦ̾־ֳ࣬ҲŮ
ⶼǹ£˽¡
ȻᶼضҪȥһŮѳݣþû֪ڸʲô
ξƶ𿧷ȣվߵ̨ߣĿ⳯Ϻ·ȥϺ·ǻҵ԰Ȼ߸ߵĴڵţξƵĿƺѾ͸˸ֽˮ࣬Ǹڰ칫ڿҿҹĳݣһһڿ۾ξƲš
ף
ξƻͷ֮ʣͻȻڶ¥һشƺһϤӰϸһȻûһŮˣξƵС̣滹һƯŮˡ
ʱڿȿȣ̸֪ʲô
ξƵԿǣȻߣע⣬Ҳξ˿ڿȣЦЦͦƯġ
Ǵ赸ѧԺУ֪Ǹʲôӡ
ξ֮ʣһǰűƿˣֻʲôҶ˵ˣҪȻҲҽģѽɵվŸ
㣬˰ɣй͵ġ
ԱȽ֣Ҫȥ˼ҵķȻǺ⣬һٸ˼ɵ㣬һ㲻ԼƤҲ͵ˣӲҪ˼ôѽ
ʲô㣬ٲҿҪˡ
ûа취ҪˣءֻҧƤ㲻һˡ
Ҵˡ
ŷ̨԰ξƿһɲǣȻ
ۼ-ȿ棬ˮɫͲ˿࣬ӿĲλĿ-˿ߣ-Уƫһɰɵò
ͽһǰŮһŶ쵰һԲ-ཱུƤ͸죬ʹһ̲סһڡ
ֱͦǣ-Ͼëƺ˵һ˫γεĴ۾ɽȪҪ峺
ر޹ϧϧ̫ˡξƣӣС죬ƺҪ˵ʲôȥ
ⲻſǸӭ𣡡
ξţ߽Ƶŵʱע⵽Ů
Сû뵽ǽôƯʲô֣
з硣С磡
á
á
ξƾһ
ѽ
С磬һý㣬ʲôõģ뵽㣬ǽá
ɲҸղŽأ
㣡
ǺǣҲòˣСкðɣ
˵ξƾ߽ˡ֪ԷôɬԸ񣬾Իڡ
㣬ôʲô˵ѽ
˵ʲôˣ
û˵˵˼˵˼ʲôģôѽ
ʵ
ʵҲǰ˵ѽ
ô㻹˵ûĵġ
Ӵĸѽҽ㣬ȻȨ˵ǰѽ˵Ƥ񣬲
Ƥ̫òãܺ˵ģζô
ţ
ʲô

ųѽȿó԰ɣûĵģôã㻹˵Ƥ񣡡
Ǻǡ
ξЦˣ򿪵ӻԽ˼




356

ξЦˣ򿪵ӻԽ˼һԻѲ͸һɵ¶һ˿Ƥ
ξ룬ԽãͥضʮҸȻҲһͥҲһ㣬ͯȴǹ¶ġ
ϸϣ»֪ʲôӡ
ξư򿪵ӻ̨岥ĿʱڵӻϿһϤӰ
Ƿᶼ̨Ƶֱһ̸ַĿСǰ˺󡷽Ŀ˽档ξ˵˲棬ȻξƳȷʵҲƯʮ㡣
˵ȣȾǱ̸Ķ
˼
ξɳϣʶĹճһ˿Ц⡣ŸȣȻڵϿˣѵڤڤеԵ֣ע
̸ַĿݶǴͬС죬޷Ǿǰ߷ӫ˵һ£ǰѹڹĵĻܽԶԴģʽ˺ͱ̸Ķһһ˵һûʲôɳġ
Ŀξƽʱһͻỻ̨翴һЩƽƵ߷飬Щ֪ʶ
ΣܸȤȻ˵ЩʲôȻؼǶ˸ɴڷᶼССȷһˣұˡ
ǰʡĹŵ赸ԱνǺ켫һʱһĶϤرʮʮˣûж˲֪ʡĹŵȣһõġ
֮˺ȻȦʧ˼꣬Դӿ˴赸ѧԺȴֻصȦӣһתҵҡ
Ժ󣬽ģȦֻԾȻ統ôˣҲ࣬˷˪ȱ֮Ȼһ˿ȴһֻ֮ĸΪˡ
رǵЩΪ-˵ˣȻѾȡŮлǶʮִѣΪˣ֪ȿ赸ѧԺ֮󣬾ȻȻİԼҹŮ͵ѧУȥѧϰĿģȻǶ-˽Ӵ
ô˵ȿ赸ѧԺ֮ѧԱЩ֮Ů
Ϊһһӣξ˵ȻЩȺвΪֻ֪Ҫӫϼòĵģ϶Ϊ֮㵹һȻYIN
ʱʵһǳе⣬Ǿȵһλ֪ȵ˶Ѿʲôܡ
˱ȵϹһмˣôһֱƵһʾΪʲôƯҵ߷ʱѡ¼һˡ
ǵ˵˽һΪ֮ɫۿˮο˵ֻһķ̸ʵҲǹڹעġתֵÿ˶˽Ȳ˵ͲҪǿ
漴̨Ů˿ҲŸͣз˿ȴʧ֮ɫ
Ǹʲôģǹ֮ڡղǸȻʵ赭дȴη̸עһ⣬ܽҿܣעȿ֪
תΪһŮ˵ĽǶȱȰȣ˵Ľһ˺ܶˣرܣԣˣҲ͹ȥˣˣ˭û
ôһ˵Ҳʵڲ˼ٳĬһҧͰѵ˵˳

ʱŮѾ˲ͣҪξƵлģһӽĿȾͰԱ
ʲôɵŮˣҵġ
ƳƳ졣
ŤͷŽ㣬һ֮ɫôô˵
ôҲ˵Ϊ˶һԼĴഺˣⲻɵʲô
ǰ飬㶮𣿡
飬ֵ𣬲һˣΪʲô˲ġ
ߣ
ŤͷС죬ø˵
ԣԹ壬ǷǶԴֻоԼףС㲻˵ɵֻ˵ա
ξЦЦ
翴ξһۣ˵ͷ
ʲôɵʲôգô򵥵ⶼףɵ
ȻҹͬξƵĹ۵㣬ϰ˵ˣҲҷϵѾ˵뷨
ξҡҡͷŤͷŷ磬Ҳʶ𣿡
Ƴ˽һۣ㲻ʶҽһýõĹ衣
ξƱһʣû뵽ǰԽþȻȻ泶Ϲϵò̾绹СᶼʶλѾȻͺԼϹϵ
裿˵˾ξֻ֪һˣǾ׿֦Ҳ˵λͬͬѧýþ׿֦ˡ
ܹʶǿˣСλùϵһܺðɣ
˵׿֦ѽѽǹϵܺãǣղϺ·أֻû뵽Ű겻͵Ժ곤ˡ
Ҳʶư𣿡
ͻȻʵ
Ѳ͵ŽʳݣһþȻôɵ⣬ЦⲻǷϻˣȻʶ
ɫһ죬յĵ˽һۡ
Ȼ֪߼ղŷξáҲǣֻͨĵʶξƾԲáҲ֣Է϶ξƺ֮϶ġ
ξƸղź˵ǻ̽
ɫξʶԼϰﱩ¶ԼϢľŮޥġ
ЦЦǸ˷Ļˡ
Сﻹֵܽ𣿡
˸أר˼Ҽ¡ᣡ
ҪϽ㣬˵ȴξڿƺ뷨
и硣
½ףξƶ£ʼݲ衣
ʲôģ

ƲƲ죬ûϹƣ֪齫ӡ
㸸ĸ𣿡
Ҫܵ˲аְ磬ǽһִģæƽʱûʲôʱǣҪ˵ҲǣСˣ񳤴ˣҲ֪ر֪ҪǮϣߣ
һ˵磬ƺзɧ÷һĸɫ˲ˣ۾𣿡
ξƳ˷һۣĸ׿湻ѽ
ɲûûҹæûЪϢ
Ǹʲôģ
ۡ
ͦæģʲô
װƷ
Ѳ豭ŵξǰʾȲ衣
̳ר𣿡
ԣ
㣡ôʲô˵ѽ
̲סˡ
˵ʲô
һקʲô㣬Բ𰡣ҡ
ξƱǸЦЦ
ûϵ
ʲôʲôʲôʲô㣬֣
Ҳˣ˵Ҫ
ͻȻʣѷŪɵˡ
˼֪Ǹʲôôʲô˵ʲôûѽһǻأ
˺˽ֲ𣬻ҪëѾͷ̣
Ÿʶáô֪Ǻˡ
֪ʲôΪɵӣ֪Ϊʲôùϵ𣿡
һ㶣Ϊʲô
Ǹǲĸҷݹ˼סͳ׷ģ϶ݵλģһݹ͸Ƶ𣿡
Ҳʲô˵ѽ
зִ磬ò˵˵ˣ˼ͼʲôʣҲԷġ
죬֮Ҫзִ硣
֪ˣȥϰɣ

ɣ
뿪ıӰһЦëѾͷѵˡ
ת߽˿˼þ
⣬Ϊ
һƨɳϣǺǣҾ֪ͨˡ
ٸҴñ˵ģͦġ
ڿѽллˡˣ𣿡
ʲô
ҺýòǻҪҳԷ
Էõһ𣿡
ξƳ۷豭Ҫȣһƨ-۰Ͱ͵Ŀ
ʲô
ˡ
̫ˡ

ϳıξƵĸ첲ҡҡλΡξκȲ裬оԼĸ첲ڷ׳±-ϲȥȥĻңһСģĲˮȫˡ
Բ𣬶Բ𣡡
žһξưѲ豭ϡ
ԲҡҲǹġ
Ͻϴּһëݵξǰ
ʲô涼ʪˡ
ǡ
ȥȥȥɣ
ξ˦˦֡
ξߣϧϧվԭأξƣһҶ
ȥѽ
Բ
Ǹӣξ̲סЦˣȥѽ
ѿɣ
ѽ
ᣡ
һ䷽Цİëξϣתˣлл㰡




357Ŀ

һд׿֦Ĺ裬дˣӦӣ˶ЩϵǺԺŪ̫Ԥ룬ԺҪдˣǧѽ

ᣡ
һ䣬Цİëξϣתˣлл㰡
Ѿͷ
ξ߽һһӡ
ᶼ̨ãǰ˺󡷽Ŀ飬ݲҡĿ¼֮ݲҵķ˿Ǿ͵һʱΧҪǩӰ
ķ˿ＴٲԸҲЦԣһһӦǵǩӰĿĹԱǣҲֿʼʰ¼ģҪİڽĿ¼һƬ
ȻѾֱ緢ĶýᣬҪȫλЧͱָͨز
Ʃ˵̨ͨ
ֱʱ磬ʱտĿĹҲޡ͸¶-أһܴͷֻҪˣʻ
ǰ˺󡷵ݶ˸Ĵָ
۶ǰ˿ǿЦЦͷűΧȺеȡ֪ղһػսƯνĿ̸϶ﲻҪЧ
ʵΡǰ˺αĿľҪڳܣΪڶȤʵ̫ˣΪʣ̨ò뷽跨Ĵȿȡܡ
˽ѡ
ǵ̨ȥȲμӷ̸Ŀ֮ҪΪԼҲǳִ֮ǰμӵһЩƽĿ˶ʵ⡣
رˡ
Ժһ̸ַ룬תľܾ
ǰ˺ļαҲȷĸ棬Ļô;ܾμӡ
ʱǴӦˡ
û뵽ȴˡʵ沢롣ѣ鲻磬ǣҲûа취ȲѣѴġ
ڹǰǸǣˣޣзгǮڸִýֳھͷ¶
ǣ˭֪ѴֻдһеҵʿŻ֪еĿǴǣһЩʵĴǰʲôҲǡ
˵е㣬͸һ㣬ͺ죬ǲˣҪɱ㣬Ǿζ㽫ûл·
ȦǷôΡϢըʱУڵҲ£һز¶Ǿζˡ
ңһҵζԼѾԼ·ֻǰû·ĸ߲ȥˣȥɱҵҪôʵ˾̣Ƥǽǡǡҵܶ˶ļ͵ġ
˵ʲôϲҵΪʲôס
Ƕǳⶼ֪һαװԵֶΡΪϣûʲôȤʲôʱ򣬶ǴĿʵġ
ҵܸʲôֺαִš
ȻĿҪװġ
һǻԣһ˵ôһһ˳ָǾζŻоǧŰپʮŸվ㣬ǸָĶڳһõʮȻ
ûа취Ϊ뱻Ǳ
ȻҵѾ˱ǱѾ˾ռ֣Ϊ棬Ĳ룬˵αԽܣҵ˭ûģǵ
ʲôûнܣΩ㣬Ľ-ɡ
û뵽ǣڽ̨֮û飬ˣ飬Щп˲ζмֵɣ
ǱĲ̨̨ǸŮˡһҵںʵֹ˾ܡǻּ޹˾³¬ơ
ǰ˺̸ĿǻּŹ˾ġ
ҹ˾ڷᶼڽʡֽ磬¬ƺҵڹ˾ܹϵܣ̨ϵҲܺá
õĹϵȻǽ֮ϡ
˵˵¬ҪɱĻôζûг·ˡûа취治뱻ǱҲ뱻ɱʣһ·̨Ƽļֵˡ
Ȼֻˡ
㣬㣡
ţ
˼͵Ļع񣬿ǰŮӡ
ǩɣҿϲˣˣƯ
лл
ЦŸǷ˿ǩڳЦݺӰʱŷ֣ݲҵ˶߹ˣϽѰȵӰݲﻹС
Сţ𣿡
ȣҸղźȥױˡ
лл
ϽױҼȥ˿ԺƤңһʧȥˣҲҲˡ
߽ױ䣬ֻȴھǰ˫ĿžԼһߵȱִļϣƽ㣡
̧ͷž棬֪𣬸ղҲŤˡ
ƽ㣬Բ𣡡
𣿡
Զԣҿ˫۾
ڵĽ͡һֱ㶼ǳΣ£Һʧ
ҡҡͷ
Ҹطɣ
Ů뿪̨ãһĿԱȥ֮
ȰںɫɳϣŶȣ˫ֽշںɫ˿-ϣ棬ȴĽ͡
ȵ۹ע£ʱúܲȻ˽ȣ֪˵
˿ڿȣȻǶ˰ˮζȡŽ޽ǵķ˿۵棬ֱȡ
ſͿ˵ɫ͵-С죬˼˵Լ飬ȷʵƽ㣬֪֪¬һֱڴ⣬ΪʲôҪ
йϵ𣿡
Ŀ΢𿧷ȡ
ͷйϵ
ǻֺʹ赸ѧԺĺǰǻ˵赸ܡʵڵ赸ѧԺкܶ࣬ȴ赸ѧԺĸǶ಻ʤҲ˵ĹǻʿԺκһ赸ѵ¬ȴƫƫѡ˴ơ
Ϊʲô
¬ƾǳȱȥģҲȵĽ֮һ
ΪǮ
̾˿Ťͷ⡣
ΪǮɣ
˵ʲô
Բƽ㣡
ϵĿȣðǻǺѶ𣿡
Ȳ˵ѹҧҧ촽֪ƽǰ˵ýһоĿİɣ
Ȼǵá
ҵȻǵá¬ƲǸöҪСˡ
ЦڿǼٴȱ˵¡
̾˿
ۿһ졣
Ʋͷ⣬ƤŬϷỹǲӿ˳ָ˲۽ǵˮȻű˿ǿװЦȡ
ʲô
ϱɫԻ
ҾǱһġ
ţͰԼĿȺޱˡ
˵ķǳƽ˵˵顣
Ѿľˡ
ȴǳžһϣɶļһΪԼֻˡ
Ⱦһˣƽ⣬˵֮ǵԹ֮ɢˣʣµģֻж¬Ƶޡ
ץסͿ˺ɫָϸ--۵֣ˣЧ𣿡
֪
ɵѽֵļĿǶ¬ģֻҪЮ̨㣬Ҳûá
֪
㻹ôɣ
Ҳû취𡣡
룬⡣
ʲô
Ψһİ취һֻ̣¬óҪЮҲˣ̨治ҲΪ˵ĵ
ҡҡͷ취ˣвͨģ˭Ϊҵ¬ư
˵Ҳǡҵ
¬˵ֲǲ֪ҪңͲҳ·ʱ˭Ͷ˭˭ΪһСǳͷѽ
㲻ô֪
Ȼô˵ȴûз֣˵仰ûе
ˣʵڲҾͳС⣬ЩҲһЩ
Ҫôǲ
ûбİ취ˣҲͶ·
塭ʱȵֻͻȻͳһĻʾξƵ֡
ͻȻǰһˣӣоˡ
ʲô
ʶһǮˣԸ㲻˵ˣȽӸ绰




358˷

ʶһǮˣԸ㲻˵ˣȽӸ绰
ԻĿȣɻ󣬲֪˵ܰﵽǮ˭
ҸոȻһһĪչ޼ƿʩӣȻһʾ͸һˣϵĳ˲ʧӰ٣ƺͻȻ⾪ϲһ
ѵ˵
濴ȵֻĪ˵Ǹܰﵽˣڸȴ绰ˡ
ιƣǰЩӲ˵Ҫᶼʲôʱѽҿɱ˷ʢķ˵㡭
ӵξƵĵ绰ܲԴʶξƣС˾ûκη´
֪׿ǶӣҰʱ⡣
ͽ㰮ͬһˣһ֮ԼഺΪиӿȹиͷû뵽׿Ѭʳ
ԭΪԼһ磬翪ʼ
Լʧȥϣˣûͷţʲô˼ʱξ˽Ȼأξȴÿ춼ᷢŴ绰ʺ򣬿Цġ
ȶĺڰױʱ򣬺Ȼ䣬һ˿⣬оһ˿ů˿ů̲ܸġ
Ҳ˿ůȼ˶ļ-顣Ҳʱʶξһ档С˵ȤĬڶгڸЦʱЦ֮󣬸
ʱȶɻ󣬵绰ͷǸСξôܸоںһḻĴ̽
ͨ׿֪ξһѧ꣬ղѧ֪Ѱơѧ֪ʶ㣬Ԩѧʶ
Ǿô˽εǾÿÿ˵ĻʲôܴĿȥ
һΪʲôξƵһԡʲôȳԾķ֣һѾĪУֻҪ;ÿģȱʲôһ
û˼-顣
ѾʶһǳΣյźţоٵʱͿƲסԼ˶ƷһҲŲˡ
裡˵˶ٴΣɱƣŹֱŤģоСŮһҿһѽ߯ˡ
Ǻǣ
ЦЦɵɳϣѷ˿۵󣬡Ե˵ˣҴˣ㲻ҲûиĿҽͲƫҪУƣƣǺǣ
ôӦõ㱾ҵĴ裬Ȼôѽֱӽ̣ҲѽһиС裬ôеĻôѽ

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һ˲䣬ξƾͿɳϵѩ٣һѪһĺƣ-ȣЦеĿ
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362

ǿһιȥȣϵӡѾ˿ˣβȥˣֻбȡЦһ
תһ룬ԼЦˣܱ˱ˡѩǲҵѩǸˣľô׵ķŹ
Ҫˣֺڵڳ󡣵Ҫˣ־ԲУҪȻѩ֪ˣĲ
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ѩ˿ھƼȨٴҲݵһ죬ϵʱ򣬵үһŪȨȻ֡
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ү֮ʱرλ˴˼ʹϵԸԳرȻ˽һѽΡ
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363

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ξƽӹת־͵ݸ̺죬ȥɣ
⡱
̺һΪ֮ɫϧϧĿξơ
㻹Ǹɬķ˿ѽ
̺һҧתǱ˹ȥ
ǸɽҩŵĶ³ǰɣ

ѩٵͷ˵ǷᶼһǹȥؼҡүȻȻǾϸɲѾûаʵȨ˼ҹ˼ƤС类ʰˡ
ⶫһһ㣬˼㼸ӣ˵ãҪ˼ᷳˣһֵûˡ
ҲʶԼĻˣҲٶùϵҪǻᣬʲôǶ׷׹עرףٵʱҵżҪ̤ơſȸˡҪؼŦϵҹѽ˰ͷ
ɣ˼ô˵ҲһϽǵֵز
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С㣬þòƯˡ
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˵׺ξƴĸоǳܴЦݺ֮иоһִϡ
һľߺظдŷĺɫ£ڿ۵ĺ룬һϥȹɫ˿࣬ɫ߸
֪ɫɫ԰ֵ-ϸȻ沢ֻ֣ǹڷ-Щϲɫԭ򡣵ɫڰͬʱһ׶ˣǾͬ԰һ԰
ξϲûиоĸоԵúܸϸһξƲŷ֣Ϊɫɴ֮ʡ
ɫɴϰһᣬȻؿڹߵĲλ쵽һ䣬ʱһָ֮ͤͤСڴ·Ǻĵõġ
ξһǰŮѾһŵ˽⡣
Ϧǽξ𣿡
̺Ƴξơ΢һ룬ʱףϦϲһξƵĻ
ξ֣æҲ˰׵ֺξһգã棬ܸʶر͵ĵ⡣
濴ξһķ˿ˣҪȻôǵգǵô
˵ʵܳΪŷ֣ԼȻôһλǱз˿ȷʵǳ⡣Ҫ˵ỹҪ̺죬ΪԼ֪ôԾͰξƳˡ
Ǿ仰û˵ǲ˵ˣĻ
һξƾ֪⣬Ҳ͡ЦæЩҪ֪⣬һ׼һִ񡣡
Ѿܺˣҽյĵڶĵ
ŶΪʲôǵڶһǣ
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ĵкױƷ۵ġ
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С㲻ױƷ۵ģƤôá
ξĿɫһ
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ѾŮǰϸˣһξƾ֪һĸסȻĲôˣȴȻʣֻǸЩ-ЩһʳŮˣ=飬=TUN
һǳɫĳ£Ŧۣ۵ʵʵһҲ©ǹĹĵ-ƺʱпܰѿӳƣؿڱһɫõ塣
ҲʶԼЩϵɫһɫĸţп㣬ķTUN-ԲԲʵʵǳ͵ȡ
һ˫ɫĿ׸߸ƤЬɫ˿࣬Ǽĸ߸ףн𼦶˼ʮ㡣
Ϥ֮˺ܿĿˡ֮УΩ̺Ƚ⣬˵Ӱ֮£ĻҲ֮żԱߣһˣ˾
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ʱξͲ룬һ˵Ŀռ䣬ȴͻȻҪ˭Ҳġ
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Сգӣôˣ
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Ҳѹ֣ǰ;һģҲ֪ξƶġ




364䳰ȷ

Сգӣôˣ
ξһӦͬѩٿ֮ĵһӦǷǳԾžϲ
Ҳѹ֣ǰ;һģҲ֪ξƶġ
۵ĶڲԹɫȻ⣬ͷԻѵģע⵽ξƺ˲ʶı֮˼
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صǶǱݸΪߵĴξˣҲͱ໥٩Цϡ
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ֻǣϧˣôһˣȻ
ӣǽʲô˼Ĳ̨ǰɣ
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棬̺죬¬СնԾĿѩ١
ܺƵͷ½ľˮ
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ۣܺĨĨϵľգȻЦЦ˵ŴС㲻ˣԷһ
˵ƳξƣϵľƱһӣСӣУŽΪ켴ˣһƣ
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ܺüͷ΢΢һ壬ΪԼˣ˵˭飡
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㸸ײǺǹϵܺ𣿡
ǣʮĽˣѧгǻץ˸͹̣ҪϼŶ֧֣ô˳ʡί𡣡

ξҲ㲻ΪʲôߵĶ˸ԣЩϲĲ磬Լʲôûȴƫƫ˸ȥ
ܺ¬СնҲ֪ӷ裬ƫҪȥԩ޳Īǿڵ⡣
Զ˹¸ĸԣ϶ǿǲ˵ġ
ûеˡ
ȥξǻ¿϶ǿйأȻ⣬ôʹ
ӵļһ͹ǲӡ
Բû뵽ǡ
ǰкܶг𣿡
ξƣЦѩ١
УϹ˵ǰȷʵЩС˧磬ЩǸһ췹ԵСܣСһƽʱĿ˹ˣ͵ڷƨǡ
ڷᶼ𣿡
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˵УҲУ˵ûУҲûС֮Ǯ̫ӰߵıȽϽǮʹĥ
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ξƻΪܺƻĲ磬ڰһϣˣԺûҪ鷳
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ͷһ룬ѩٵ˱ãϾ֮䲢ûдĳԹֻһЩڽǡ

ξȻĵ͹ܺرԸֻһЩڽǣܺǾĪĳ裬κðԷ·
ξصôƵʱܺѾβ棬ҪŪξסǣʩıƻҪ˶Ҳ̸ֺˡ
һϣΪŪξסǣܺƣҲûӵˣҪʱҲܹסġ
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ڵȣһ칫ͷһʼᰣţֻҪ᰿ʼһΪû˿Եֵס-
Ȼûһ칫ң˵ȥ칫ҡװϣ߳˰칫ҡ




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ڰǰһ޴ս˵λΣӦ̵ҪҲΣѵģǲ뵽оĿȥѾԤ뵽ԷԲô׵ĴӦġ




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ʶڼǰһϣԴӼԽã;ΪˣòȻ˵ŮϵʣһһŮ
ԸŮǰûЩŮ˶װӭģ϶񣬾ö֮Ů˸ͲȤ
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˵ξƾվҪ˵ʲôŷֶŮɫԣۿģôˣǿ𣬷ʲôˣ

Ůһۣһ---ֹӡһ·Ϸ˵ǸϦǮɵ˹ؼʱ̣ȫˡͷһ룬ʶѽһھҪʮʮѽɲСĿʲôϦ
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ȻŮó̳ĻϺȴϺ飬һʱǻҲɵķֻó̳ʵЩСˣĿĸǱģܲΪǶϦ
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ξƵĳ֣ǿԤϣȻ뱨𣬵ﲻòξƵݡǿʲ˸ɫת߽ķ䡣




374ҸҸҪ

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ʱܺƣ˰ɫĲԣֳֵ÷ʽͣվһˣԽܡ
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ԽϲŮˣڿѩȳ־߱ϳɫŮ֮ʱľɧˡ
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ǿɫһ䣬ֵģҪǳͷСӲ𣿡
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ξƳ۷ңҡҡͷ˵ˣǲһģֻҺλŮʿѣ˵ֻڰǵæѡ
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⻰ˣ֮ҲվǿĿں㲻ҪǮҸ
˵ξƾʹӻгһŰ׽ÿݵǿǰ
ΪͿԽ𣡡
ô˼˵򻹹аҪ٣˵򣿡
ǿϵļ
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˵ξƵɫȻҸҸҪ𣿡




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ξƳ۷ңһЦ꣡򿪳š
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Ҷ񶾵ĿξƣŨŨĺ⣬ʲôղƾʲôң
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㻹˵ˣ㻹йϵ֣
ξһ˦ֱ򿪳˳
ָžȥı۳Ҹ㣬ΪͿ֮ĹϵֻҪҷһڣҾͲ㡱
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ģһӲԲȣҲǮġ
ԲȣǺǣ㣬Ǯ㲻żʲôʱ򻹶νǧΪ˻ǮʳҪȻҾˡ
裬ѹȫԼϣǻҺͽǻһ׬Ǯġ
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С죬ᶼˡ

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ص̨Ϲι̿ɡЦ⣬ոгƻտűơƣ˵˵ЦЦȻһҲܲ䡣
䣬Գ˺ˮ
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ǣڣĲˣŷ֣ϻô࿪ĵ飬ô˹һ𹲻֡
ҲֻҪ÷µʱŻףֻ߳ʱŻҪмϦ˽İһС
ǰԼŮȭЦˣɵĳȥֻжʮ꣬ȴ߱һ˵ķźء
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ԥ£վξƵλ£ξŵ
裬㣡
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˵źѶ£棬¶޳--ĲӣͱͦεģɫѣҡҡЦŵСӣͨɱǰɣС
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·һ㶼ǶƲװ죬ֲ֮䣬Ͼǹ̶ظϵģС˱Ȼ޷š
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Ϊʲô˵ʲô𣿡
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ʮ겻Ӵ壬ˣһɤۣ֪˽ȥǶԣǴָ˿ķǳн˫ȣǿڳЦݣҿξƣߴٵȣȣ
Ůһ޷֮ɫĵĺ˾ơ࿪ʼᣬ飬飬
˿ô˿˿ƣ͸ָξƷ·оƤѪΪܾξһˣԵķֿһ˫˿ȣڲวĦ
ǸʤξƱΪ֮Ůû뵽ʵ䷴Ůս£Ҳ࣬·һҪſ²ɡ
͸Ҫ˵ǰܵξƵĹ߶ȼУŽй֡
ξһתһ䣬ȻŮѾξɱĶףûӮ£оƾӿҲӿԣ׷ᵹϣΩзſڽĽţ˵ĻԼ֪˵ʲôˡ
ξ߼ȻһܣȻ˲پƣȻ̼ܵƾͷҲκġ·֧ŲԴȣһͷͿξƼϡ
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377º

ӵ£ξխȹ֫ϣ˺˿ڿڻԲ޳˫ȣԲķΣȫ¶˳ûξƽ̧ԼĴϣ޼ɵĸĦڲ࣬һֻĺ󱳺ͺ˿ΰظĦ
鷢չһνǳʧȥ˷ʶģֻǱܵĸξưڲ
ξƴ˿̣ȫޣޱѡܡĦŮ˵ķػأﾪʵ̫̼ˣûô̼԰ϷһӵŮˣһãŮһڣȴʱܲԷֵ£Ϸźʵ塣
ָһδλ˿ÿһ缡ĦʱܹԼڿܵ˺н³ȺϢҵϵʱڵѪҺ֮ڡ
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˿ȴᵹһ˻
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ϲϦϣһ𣬿ʵǲܵģѵʱȥƣ־ʱ˶ɸԶ
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ξһӻҪСַ壬ǷΣһӭϣȻŲҪ֫ȴĺͶԷ໥Ӧ
һŷੲһξ§ź尮̧֮Լ˫ϣһĦֱ֮㻬סŸ˫ɫĸ߸ƤЬ
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ξƽ߸Ьڱᣬıۣ㣬Ľ㰡
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֣һӶ룬Ŵڲ࣬ģǱ֮ؽ
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ڴڿ͸˵˽οӡģ͸ûζ͸ǲ͸ϡ
ССƬסͷһıͻֻƬסˣԭŨëȻϰסˣĲȴ͸ģͰͬ衣
оξƵԼ¡ȸԵĦʱ򣬺ڵŮԺɶѸٷڣǻˮĳ֣ʼ΢΢ΣƬ̹ССڿʪ͸ˣ߳ˡ
ξû뵽޵ŮȻСһߴеҺһΧĺ˿ȫ˺ˣȻָڲƬ棬ꡣ

ʱƿξƵ죬˦ͷһ
Ϧ
ץסξƵ󣬡Ҫ
ξǹЩһ࣬ʱǱʪĲƬ˹֮бƬǯм䣬˳ξƵָһ֮С
ﾭסξϷξָʱһֻץξͷһֳֻأ㷢һ˦ҧ촽һſƲסˣˣ
漴СһξƵָһ糱ˡ¡
ξƳָȻһץסǰͦɽĺһһŪĺˮʪӡ·ϡ
ξ§ſԼϣһĦžһ⿪ӣץֱһһ˵ף±ظҲס˳ξһѽɫȥץסһ۸
~ξͷںǰһȻᱧڻڴڵӣҡͬʱһָֻĦź˿ȡ
ม
ʵĺʱѾûж⣬һξƸľ޴Уһ߻ûʧ鸴ӵĿźͷʳξơ
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ξֹ̧ͣͷźƿĿ⡣ξֱתĲӣ۾ս촽˺Ĵһͨǡ
㣬ʲôأ
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ܸң𣿡
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ξ֮ú
ղʩչ칦𣿡
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Ժٽڡ
ξƺٺһЦĺƨɡ
ǽȥɣ
⡣
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ԸſϣŰź˿ķΡ
ξÿ֣˫ֱ͵ķξͿʼꡣƨɹκɫϾֲһЩ͸ɴֳʴԲΣԸС
ξƳӶ༸͵һ¾Ͱ˺Ǳĺ˿ϣ빵ۣһƨɰڴڵĺ

˫ȽڵأоԼƨɶҪξƷֳˣ˿ã⣬Ťڡ
ξȴŲţһָƨɺ˿๴ˣ漴һʱһԲʹ˿͹˳




378º

ξȴŲţһָƨɺ˿๴ˣ漴һʱһԲʹ˿͹˳
㣬˵ƨɴŮ⻰һҲû˵һ
һ˵ŵ٩ĻξһղܵŷҸŮıΣǴ֮Ŀ⣬̰֮֡
ͺһζȴ֪¿ڣôԶ㡣СһֱԺ֮ģҪ֪еŮ˿һɶŹ֡
Ůƨɴ󣬹ŮҪǴӺɵĻǮԳζ͸ߣȥͱƬΰסˣĪ˵Ѩˣڶ
ƨɺʺν
ҪߡҪ
˫΢εſϣСţеŤŷʴƨɡֻҪһ뵽ԼƨɺһСӼ۰Σͻ᲻ȡ
һŮˣиһظǵĺĸףôһСǰڳǷơ
ңŮڶ桭
ôôɫĶţȴһӵĻӡڸʲôôȺģѽƨɺ̣ѵѵԼҵβôǶѽߡ
ͼ۾Щ˵Ĳ룬ǣûãǲ룬ĸооԼ͵İǸС˵ϣȻȴͽ͵ģΪûһ
֮Ϊ֪Լƨж󣬶ξƵһȫûˣ˻Ϣġ
治ףƨôΪʲôϲ̫̬ˡİܹϲΣҲеԺġ
ͨƨɵĸܣܹȷĸоѾԼ۾ӡͶѹܸоæ޴ֺＱＱ
ξƵȷЩæңΪ֪ôǰζģ֨һ˿ڳĸЩȻιĶֿ˿˳һߣƯľջһһĳǰ
ξ⣬ڹӣȻͷ̧𺫱һȰһŵӼڵϡ
˫һǱʱͻ˳۵΢΢ſͷϵߣˡ·ʶξҪʲôڴֽţ⡣Щ꺫Ȼһֱ֮ȻAƬҲ͵͵ڽȻ֪ġ
һĻʱڻһǳÿÿο߳ĸǿҡڣҲһ˾ξƻûȥƷʱ򣬺ȫͿʼһ٣ͷ⣬ŻⴽĦʱĴȫһƬհףѾ棬·ϣܿƣϮȫȫëš
Ƚһڵһ¾ͻҪξƷţ϶ڵϣ֡Ϧ㡭
ûо˳ĸоۺ߽һ仰Ҳ˵
ȫĵĸо˽ξƺסһƬϣΪѰУӭΣһΪĸ֣ܺΪйеĿ⣬Ҳ˲Ա߻ѪŮˣ
˿̵ĺһĸڳĸƣһֳֻӣһֻԼĺ飬ͷʶ磬ÿοݺݵԼı飬·ֻʹѹסϣ·ֻʹſѹסҪĳ嶯
ȻǺڣƬ̹򣬺˶ʪ͸ˣļ淺˳죬ĺ˦㺹
ˣ͸Ҫ˵ˡ
Ǹղ϶˼Լ󣬵˿̣˲ôˣ˲Լһĸ׵һԼӻСС˲Сô˲öſŵŮˣֻԼѨȫСȥһҲ뿪
ůůߡ
߳٣Ҳ˼İǻˮȫй˵Ҫ룬ҲҪİڿ£һİϴգ࣬ѹ
ɦͷץأ˫۷ףڴţ߳䣬Ρ
߳ҲûһξƲţһỬϡ
ξƱźڵϣһھͷסԸеĺ촽
ʲôѽ
ʹȥ
ʹ
һѱסξƷϽְˮɵξƿУ˼Ҳ˼Ҫġ
ð
˵ź˵ξƿ£ɿƤѵĿӡʱξƵѾŭǣ߸߰ڿ㶥𣬿Ӹһѵһ¾
ô󣡡
Сڡ
죬ָڿξƵ̧ͷһСĿξƣһúָ׹ξƵĹͷС磬ˬ𣿡
ɧ
˼ɧյġ
˵ź³ۺͷڹͷ˼£Ȼڿ㺬ס˹ͷƤĿξơ
Ŷ
ξĸĦͷͦ磬Сĸ㡣
׼ĵͷڿ㣬ſڱﺬСèһСͷŹͷģǣĥȻ󺫱˫ְԼĴȣһɡ
ξ߬ȭͷ̧ۣͷԸоͷǰһǻŶ
Ѿǻȵıݡ
Ŷ
Ʋסһ飬³һ㾫Һ
ƺܵˣ۾ۿξƣξƳԾĿԼƺܵ˰ףת˸ٴ롣
ξ۾󣬶ʱָоͷǰͷһ
ѩξƿִһʧҲԾŴ죬û뵽Сһֱظ޵Ľ㣬ȻҲɧ˵һ档
ʵѩͱ˵Ķˡ
󡭡
ξԸоͷѾ뺫ĺ䶯ϸ΢Ҳܴϸо
̵УһֱξƣƺҪξƸղŶ۸ξսԦŮô˵ġ
ǿһߣ³ξƵѹξƵĶϣʼۺͷʳξƵ
ĸо崫ִǴֳˣƣӲޱȡ
ξܣ㣬ѧġ
ûԹ⻹û𣿡
ξһѽЦС԰ɣתȥ
㣬˼Һöûˡ
תӣ㷢ĵ
ξߣߣͷȻѺƨɺĺɫ˺˸ϡã磬°
ӤȭͷһϵĹͷֿһ۷ʺоţһҧһȥ
󣡡
㣬ɧеҺ
ᡭ𶯡
ô˯ξƻһҲҹաҪճ𣿡
ξƲŪǰĺ飬һץһ鷿湻ģξŮ鷿ˣ󣬶ҽͦЩڣͷȴǷۺġ
̫ˡ
Ǹ𣿡
ξưĲ˳ǰһ縣ͷ֣
ξƵ֣Ҳڸʲôʲô
Ĳ롣
˵ҿˡ
ҸӰɣ
ѽ
ξƺٺһЦʶ磬Ҹо
§ξƲӺξƵĲӣһǣһߵ˿ŽʶΣ㡢ôˡ
ܲ𣿡
𣬹ˣม֣˵Ŷǲѡ
ξƷźʶİɣšžнһ㣬ž
Ŷ̫ˡˬ
žžž˫ֳӭξƳ壬㷢֮׷ɣڿ裬ʵĺ˦һĻŶĽ̼֮Ա͵ĺѩͬܣԼξƵϽϣĹһ΢ƲסѨ¶İ֭Һ




379ºѩ

žžž˫ֳӭξƳ壬㷢֮׷ɣڿ裬ʵĺ˦һĻŶĽ̼֮Ա͵ĺѩͬܣԼξƵϽϣĹһ΢ƲסѨ¶İ֭Һ
ѩ߳δҺ¶֮󣬱޾ĿнԲ޳˫ȣҪĥѨֹסĸо
ǣĶһЧһԱ߶ڽ̫Ķضע⣬˫ȼлϥǵţһμж𲻵˿Чָʹĸоǿʢ
ܵĸоҪͷţҪйȴǷйܵҪˣ˫ֱͷһɲİɫѾֳһСͼбһƣԱ߶ھĽ
ĽžžħɣֻҪ΢עһͲ԰Ρ
ܲôˡ
ѩ˲ûעߣСĵŸ߸ЬʼĥֶȻЧܹԵĸо˫ĥʱѨ˿ڿ㣬ԸܴĿС
ĸоʱ˲١Ǻѩֽβ⣬ݺݵļлĥȻܷÿһ½ʱ򣬶
Ȼһ߹һԶ״ĶȻʱѩУֹʣĺֻӾĵ
ĸоǿʢĦѾܴ㡣
ѩбһֻ㺫˿ſϺϦͬʱŤͷϦǣٿ棬ȻȴĿϦ޴ûκ档
ڿ֮УǺѩĵİһַֻԼǵش棬Ŷ
ѩԼָԼѨһʱһ˲ĿУ·Ҫ˾⣬ŬָѨѹһһĿг̡
ʱȵķ֣Աӵֻ΢΢ŤȻ˵ȴ֪ԱߵǷ硣
һ뵽ﺫѩһҲˡ룬ˣôأòҲ˰ɣ
ѩоƺʶˣ˫ֹͣĦ
ָ磬á㡭
ξף
һףһݿ塣
ÿÿоԼһȴٸûŵʱξľͲɵһĪкܳɾ͸С
еλһɫ汸ķٸɲ˭ϵģǻۣ죬಻СУǲϲһСӡ
ڣһŮˣΪķƨɣŻ󿪣ʮϵӭԼĽ롣һ˺һαװԼ³
Сʲô˼ξϲľĳŮˣŮˣرζÿһÿһ˻ǣƣرһ޵Ůû˿˼ɵ˽еʱ־ϵĿб֮ϵĳ̸еĪ㡣
㣡ˬ𣿡
š
ξͻȻγƨɣȥ
ʱתӣŤ£Ȼ̧˫Ȱ˸Mƣ˫ֱԼϥǣ̧ۿξơ
ξƺٺһߣһ߶ߵǰȹ£İɫֿ㣬ֲԼڿ㡣
ξߣЦҽȥ
ţ
ξźĺ˿ȣͦ¶֭ҺķʺѨڣĥ
š
ۺָĦ֮ξưǹڲڡ
ţ
üͷʱšһţ
ξһ˿ȣƽ磬һһ롣

ʱͷлξһһβҲʼҡڣ
խڴҺ֮£Ѿǳ׽ĳ֮ξƵȻ˳ʱ˹ڵѨһתںɶɼصĴ̼֮£ʱֳ֡
ı仯ʱоʱѾ˵ֻһ˫ˮһ߰һ߿ϧϧĿξơ
󡭡
³֮ξվȣ˫ְӷ֣ʼĸɽžžžž
ҲϺͺıײžž죬ÿһ룬ܸо⵽ֳĿУ׺ҡڣźɫ߸Ьĺ˿˫ȸĻš
һֻ߸Ьڻ֮Ѿѳ˽źűеĽֺϣĸ߸Ьһһεںڹ
˫ִ洩ĴξǽʵĴȼϣлξǹްԴ˫ĪĦС
žžžž
ξͻȻӿٶҲӴȣʱĽܵ˫ξƵϣƺҪξơ
ǵƵÿξţƣξƵĴĳ棬ײȣʹӽڵ涼֨֨ˡ
꣡꣡
Ҫ֡
ξ˫ͨ죬䤱ȫķϣŭʨźеʶ硣ͻȻξ§ź֫һת̨ȥһһͦ
꣡꣡
˫ξƵƨϣСһͣ޴ĿúԼںδ§ξƵĲӣ޳ĲӣҲ
֮ڶ
ξưһľϣѹ˫ȣʼǳĳ̣Ȼо˻ҵһӭŷΣξƴﵽ߳
󡭡֡
žžž
ξ͵ļ٣˫ŵӱأǹֱ룬͡

ͻȻξݿȫ룬ۣ뻨ģۡһ侫һߵͷ˵ĻȽǡ
Ƭ̺ξưѺŴϹҺҸ
Ϲ
ð
ðǡ
㣬ôôѽ
̧ͷξơ
ٺ٣Ȼûأ
˼ҿܲˣղŲûǵģ˼ʮճлͱôݵҲ֪ϧҡ
ǽ̫Ưˣ̲סѽ
·Ūˣôѽ
⻹򵥣ȥ¡
ãǺǡ
Ťͷһôѽ
ȰͽϢɣȥϴ衣
ɱעѽɣ
㻹𣬷İɣ
ǰŸߣξƾͳվѩ󣬵ͷſٺһЦ
ѩʱͨ죬͸оξưǿҵ֮˱ǶĺζʱѬĺѩֱ¡
˫۽գ±ξƿʲô
ףôʪˡ
ѩ󾽣֪ξƿ϶ʪˣǰɫ㣬ʪշǳԡ
ѵˣ
ȻۣѩܹоξƿɵĿ⣬ֽţ±ξƿɡ
СӣҪҲԸŮˣǾͺˡ
˵ЦξƾͰѺѪһͷůĴϣȻѵİɫ߸
ʱѩʮһ˫ɫ˿࣬ξҪ˿ֺ࣬ͻȻͦסˡ
Ҫʲô
ξаһЦ̧ѩͰȥӵںѩǾµĽֺʱ˱ǵʱǻ
ѩһ£ֺһ
ξ̰ͷΧĽֺһ飬ŰǷŽ˱ȻźѩС˿ڡ
ʲô̬˼ҵĽŻ˼ҵ죬ҵĳǡ
ξƸһ߳䣬ѩ޵ĲԼͣӡ
Ȼһ̣;Գˣʲô˼Ҫ˽㻹ҪңĹ
Լžܱξ֪ɬץӣͷ˯¡




380ºĵ

Ȼһ̣;Գˣʲô˼Ҫ˽㻹ҪңĹ
Լ--ܱξ֪ɬץӣͷ˯¡
ξְѷͷñ䣬ڼȻٲ˶ֶš֮ԡңͺϴһԧԡ
û·㴩һξƵʽװɫĳ´ףɫװףɫӣɫƤЬȻû-㡣
׵֮󣬶ְʰһȻ˳ȥƵƷƷװרµһ¥ãϹ¥߽һҵϰƷרꡣ
㣬˵һǷô죿
һξ⻰ʱ㲻˵Ѿˣֵᷢ𣿡
ŵĿξƣ޷ҪǸղξ-Ů÷ˣǸǶôܵһ飬ʲôĿǡ
ֻҪһ룬Ҫ޵ˡĹһֻƴҵ׬ǮΪͥһĸףȴһСǰչ˵֮ˣ-̬֮һǺˣ룬ǸղŶô󣬶ֽеô
㻹˵⻹㣬˵ȥƫá
ôܹأҲСЩ𣿡
㡱
ͨ죬ôܿơ

ξһ§סЦң˰ɣ
ʲô˼ڿ
Ҫֱξ§˻ϲͿ£ʲô£ûʲôָżɡ
ķ𣿡
Сʵ
Ҳãֻǡ
ξƾͰѷֺѩŵ˺ҲҶˣҲпķˡ
üһ壬ô죿
÷ֻһ㣬µľŮˣĸͱסˡ
ξͷ룬²裬Ҵţǻǣһ֮ĹϵҲ֪
вУԲС
ΪʲôУ
ǲ֪ʮΪǽĽɳӲûټޣ¸Ӱ
ǲѾѵ㻹ҪǵĸܶԼ˵ˣ㿴ôʲôааʼȻҲǷΪһĸףΰ󣬵ҲˣҲҪţҪǰģͿ϶֧㡣ҿŮҲˡ
⶯ˣҡ
˵𣿡
ͷȻԽξƣδŮͿԽܣҪ֪ǰ˵ɱǻҪСһꡣ
û˵ʱ㿴ĳʵ𣿡
û˵
ξֵ֪ˣôʲôʱˣЩδδޣұҲѽȥҲʮ꣬ʮꡣ
һ죬һξһƣᣡ֪ҿġ
漴ô𣿡
Ȼң
ξƸʵ㣬书פ֮Чҽ-֮ڵĶ֮֮£̼㹦˻ѳһڳһأѳܻɣܿͻᷢġ
ļٵģ
ļٵͻᷢ֡
ô죡
Ծ
첻죬⻹ģƣ۽ǵϸѾʼʧˣţվӡ
תߵ¼侵ǰĦԼ۽ǣҿ۴СЩȦҲˡ
û˵ɣ
ξƴӺ§ЦȸղŸ޶ˡ
˵⣬ξСֵܾ˷ܵʱоƨ-ɺļһ˫糺죬תͷƳǵС㣬ξһۡ
С㣬·ǿһ𣿡
ȻԣҸС۹⣬·ǹ˾ܲʦֹģۣʺκγϣӣһǳʡ
𣿡
תξơ
ξƵͷ




381

߳װѾ˰װȫǹƣõǮȻξƵģںѾɽˮˡ
ξƵĸ첲װģ㻹ûʵأ
Ѿ˵ҽξơ
Ǹʲôģ
Ŀǰڳҩ˾ܼ࣬˵𣿡
ûС
ûϵԺġ
òӦξƣƣĻ˯߽úѩķ䣬˯¡ձˣŤͷá
֮ǰξ˵ѩŵҲ֪ǲġ˯ţСƿһ̫ʱģ￴
ʲô
ѩͻȻ۾
һ
Ҿû˯

ղڿʲô
ѩٴʵ
ʲôûûʲôѽ
ѩЦǲСӸ˵ʲôˡ
˭ѽСѩǲû˯ѣ˵λأ˯ɡ
˵źת׼˯
װˣҶ֪ˡ
ѩһ䣬ʱž
ûתôֲζùȻ֪ˡ
㣬㵨Ҳ̫ˣȻҡ
溫ѩ˵ʲôѾˣΪѾѱɵԼͷϣۺѩôҲ֡
ľٶѺѩЦˣ죬ƿӣ㻹֪˼
ѩס䡣
Ҳ˵㣬ſְɣģҷġٲſھͰǵǽ
𣡡
ڿ¶ˡ
ѩ˫ֱأЦеĿŽ㺫
СѩˣǧҪ¸ǡ
Ҫ˲֪ǼĪΪ֪ǳ飬ô죿
֪
֪ѵһֱȥ
ǡ
Сôģ
˵
һ磬ξƱһѣƿ߳ҡʱŮѾˡ
磡
磡
˯Ļϰ𣿡
ţ
ξ𣿡


Ƶ겻𣬺αô鷳
˵ξƾ߽˲ϴ߳ӭ˺ѩ
磡
ξЦ졣
ѩһ¾뵽飬ĿȻһξƻɫ̿İ֮ϣ磡
·𣿡
һ⻰ѩ˫һ¾ͺˣͬʱо飬ĵͷȥΪϴ·ξƺͺºȥġ
ξƺٺһЦŮ˽ϾȻ˿࣬ʵջ֮뵽⣬СֵܾͿʼзӳ⡰Ӵ̼ǵʵܡҪһ·ξƺͻȻʲôһѩȥ̨ˣ˵˵ЦЦİ㷽ʰԷ
տҲûһˡ
ξƺٺһЦСֵܣŤͷ˹ȥܴԼаʮƽֱȴսռǳþһӦȫ
߽ξһ۾Ϳ˿̾ŷδŽڿһƷϥխȹϻսƷβ̷죬֪ԣͻݡϵһɫɴһֶׯ֮˫ȹų˿࣬Բ޳ȳƣһ˫ɫ߸
ʱƺʮָˣﻹŸ裬ξ߽ûз֣Ť˶ĻԲΡ
С
ξͷۿСֵܣӲǣˣһڼҵĲξưĴ˴һЦ
ŵ˺һѾͱס
ᣡ
ξһʲôأôˡ
ŵŤͷţôˡ
£һղѽ
˵ξƾҪ׺졣
ȵȡ
ξһϮ˺ǰĺ飬ʲôҵȲˡ
ĻɫƷɫŦ۽֯ºǵׯξһ֮£ʱж·¡ؿڵҲˣɫ˿-ֺͰ--¶˳
ȵȡ֡
ξ˿ĭĿ¶֮ɫץź-Եһ̧һ꣬һԱ--ʵ-غ-һξҽ֮·ﻬȥ
ξһ֮£еĽʱһץסξǰֵ֣װģȵȡ
㣡İɣѾˡ
ЦãղŲҸʲô㿴ҽʲô仯ûУ
Ŷ
ξƺǺһЦģ۽ǵûˡ
ѽ
ĵһվӾͷˡ
Ÿͣǰɣ㣬ҲҪֻͣҪҡ
˵ξ𺫱ϥխȹֿ˫ȣѻȵļ͵ѨĦŶ
˿ҲղܣˮѾģҲ֪ôģԴξ֮󣬾͸С
ͣ
ξݿһͦȴִ͵һ롣ǡ
ʱԽĽһ˸ޣ˶ſڿϣҲûüѵ˲ȫûһƺξǸɾǼϵġ
ִȵ뻨ģٲܶˣһſξʩΪξβǡ֮ǰ¸һŻȼգյķꡣ
ӲůĻ֮һ˲仯Ϊ޵ů泩̲סХһ
㣬Ѩʵ̫ůˡ
ξͦżͷ˼£ֿһ˫˿ȣȻ̧̨ϣʶƨɣͣͣ͡
˿̵ĺѾ˵ȱֱվڵϣһֻԲ޳ȴڰϣ˫ץſ̧ͷС죬ŬѹŽ֮
ʱξƵξƵı졣
㣬˲پưɣ
ǣȵĶࡣ֣Գȥһ㡣
𣿡
ʵ
˭ǧûָӣǲŽӵȥˣǺǣԸң˭ѽĳ޵֣󻹲Ǳͳͳ൹ˣ軹أ
ˣô֪
ҵģû·𣿡
ˣ·ģ
ѽ
ʲôʱģ
˵ָȥġ
ǲǺ𣿡
ָûһװأǼթ
ûʲô
£̽һ䡣
ʲôѽ
̧ͷá
ûûʲô
ͷĿ˸Ҳ֪ʲô
ǲʲôˣ
ͻȻʵ
ʲô
õĶͷСӣ˼룬Щ֪𣿡
羪ȵĿŽ㣬㡱
꣡
ͷ⣬㣬Ҳˡ
һë޼ˢϵëһĵ˵ʲôҲûз֣ҲҪ룬Щ಻װѵôġ
ǣ
ôֲָǻˣ㵣ʲô
Ҳǵ˺ѽǣǺˣϾǵô࣬𣿡
ⲻ˵ûƼ࿪ģ˶ʮ꣬ˣ뵽ѵ벻𣬼ȻԼԸ⣬ǻ˵ʲô
㻹Ŀ
ʲô벻ġؿǵһʯ壬һԾǮҲ»ˡ
ȥģһ𣿡




382¹ϵ

ʲô벻ġؿǵһʯ壬һԾǮҲ»ˡ
ȥģһ𣿡
ôһ£ǾһˣõŻǮأҪⱲӿ¶Ҫˡ
ǡԺôƺѽ
ôƺôƺǲǻûйϵ𣬵ʱ˵ɣ
֮ǲֵġ

ȡЦԸУ˼ҲδԸӦѽŶ󣬾ôŮ
ᣡ˵С֪𣿡
֪Ź֣źȶپơ
˵ʲôأ
ʱ򣬺ѩ˽
С̣
˶һۣͷ
ѩ۶Ůȥˣ
˭
˭
ȥ𣿡
ʰˣͳȥæһڳѽ
Ŷ
ѩҪξƣֻһʡصʱÿξƴӳ߳ǻһ˿Цݡ
ͷξƣѩ߽˳㣡
æЩ˳ȥ
ѩߵ㱳ƳȹڣЩҵ㷢ѩűᣬȻ
ʲô
ͷɫ΢Ŀá
𣿡
ѽ
ĨĨͷϵ㺹Χ¶ȾǸߣ֪ġ
ղŽʲô
Ŷ˵Ϧѽûʲô㿴
ǲǣ
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˵᰾ʹӿóһίǩһרյļǺúÿɣ




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˼ĺѩҲϣĶȻЩ˾ʲôȴ֪˿Ůѹˡ
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쵰ԲԲ°ͣԲıͷԲһԲ缦ǽ-ϸĸоǴӲ棬Ǵ棬ûһȱݡ
۾ںڵߣĽë绨һ촽üëŨü׿ǿӲ°Ը
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⻰ᰳĬˡ
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ݼڣŮϦİĽȻתᰵĺޡ᰸ϦǾǸԡ֮ŮΣܲΣǿûб֧žԲ˴ĳɾ͡
ҪȥϦǸⲻԴͣӵĿûϦİֲУǺá᰽ѣԼΪʲôѻ˵ôȫԸ
ܣѵûбİ취˵ĻΪ˳PRĿ᲻ǿЦѽǺǡ
˵ᰶ֪Լ˵ʲô֮
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һʼξƾͲµҪʹõĶùҵôǾͻᴦƣʲôȨûУҪ˵Ȩˣ³оһж˵㣬һǻʲôͼ
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ξǰʼնΣ˾֮·˽֪޷ǾթȡһЩǮơ֪Щʲôȴûʲô֤ݣȫ˷׽Ӱ
̫С˰ɣҪ淢㣬Ϊ㻹н졣
˼˵鿩ǲǻҪмأǺǣЦһװɣ˵죬ҲһǮ
ô룿
ߡ
ҷȰ㣬ŷˡվǰģȻȴҲĵˣһֱ㵱˿һǮһ治
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ξŤͷ߽˳
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398

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ξŤͷ߽˳
У
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ߣ֪ҺΣ¸Сʦãľѳۣʲôáߣҵ⣬ŶûС
СƣôҲˡôˣڿ涼ϲꡣ
ǺǣҾǽʲô԰æġ
ξƿڳſڡ
һүǣĵطǳȥɣ
ȵ
үôүǾͲܽ𣬶ʲôˣɱҹ߻ӴѽҲҵˣҪ˵۵ĻǣҪҾһˡ
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ѽƤСʲôʱ
ЦЦ
㣬ɲҵϵס
Ǻǣ
ţ㰡ʲôأ
ξߵ
Ϻ
Ŷѹô㡣
ȥȰɣܿͿԳˡ
Ц
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ξ߳Ƴ۸ɳһߺ߸һ߿־̣ҡҡͷתߵ£óֻ
ƿ־Ƴۿξƣһ
ͣ¾ˡڿ˵һỰξƾͳݻ԰ᣬһ·϶̸ԳշҲûжξơ
عͷξֻصΪղ뿪ʱȰʾлҪ˵ٴνʱѾһװͷʪģôԸողϴ裬׼˯
ʱȣѩ׵ļ-ϣһˮɫ˿˯£-¶Ƭѩ׵ļ-V죬-ĺ-м伷ѹ-ȹڼϥ
˯²ȹŦ۵ġ
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ķ飬Ҳֻܴǰ濴
£һ˫ɫ߸ЬڸףɫƳЬһбһZͣ

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ξŤͷƳ̨궼ƮˣѻŹϣҲ֣컹ôꡣ
ɣ
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лл
Ǻǣʲôʱѧҿˡ
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Ƴһۡ
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ξƿڶԷɳϴͷȡ
˵ʵȻѾʮˡϻ϶Ҳһµĺۼѩ׵ļ-һӫӫ󣬼ûд˿࣬Ҳκ覴ã͸Ҫ˵ߵˡ˯¿֮ȾɫĴĥƷ
׵ķΡ
ʥ⣬ʣ͸غ-󡣶˰-Ľټɫ߸Ьһ䣬͸Եý-ˡ
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ξ룬Ҫ˿⸱󣬿϶ѾȲŮ˽Ľֺ˰ɣ
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ŶҲˡиֵѣڼĿܰæ𣿡
ѽð
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ЦˣİɣǲųԿģһλŮ
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Ȼڵ绰ξƸֱţ˵һЩ뻰ʱҲ֪ôģȹؾصӣľнһ޴ֵĸо
Ҳǡһͷһ۲ŶξƣСôˣ绰ǻģʲô˵ôһ淴ɵˣѵԼ
ξƵȻᵽȵ˼ֻһЩнϾǰŮ衣뵱ԼҲ֪ĵӣȻֱϷŮˡ
⸱ӣɰġ
š
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ѽ
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˵ξֱ㶵Ŀͷ˿оξƻȵĿ⣬ֱߵĶˣǸɴ۾
---ȴţе궯
գʱޱ-
ξ̧°ִͣ·ۺ绨һ촽·ɼ
Ҳֽż죬¶Ͼݣë·ܵŵСӡ
ξҪ׵ʱͻȻֵͣ۾㻹ûиңǸأ
֪ѽ
ţ
ðɣҾ͸㡣
˵ξƾ͸С˵һ䡣仰ȵʱ;ȵĵɴ۾Ȼô֪ģ
֪ǽһϹ
ᣬͲһ¸ҡ




399·ҹ

ðɣҾ͸㡣
˵ξƾ͸ȶС˵һ䡣仰ȵʱ;ȵĵɴ۾Ȼôģ
֪ǽһϹ
ȰŤһߣᣬͲһ¸ҡ
Ǻǣˡ
ξ§Ц׿ֶ֦Ůɣ
С֦
գգۣʶ
ξһЦţңȢ֮ǰ۵ʱ¹ʣϾͲˡ
ô˵ѽ
ˡһֱܣûм֪һ׿֦ġߣ飬ˡ
Ǻǣʲôأ
ûûʲô
ξаЦ˵ûɣȣѵ찲ţעĴ֮ҵġ
ԣʲôǸġ
Ťӣ㷢ξƣߵ
ѵ㻹׼һϴŮɡ
˵ξƾʹӺ§˼˵СӴš
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תξǰϥסһ˫֣ϵĿ۾ȣ֪Ǵʲôʱʼϲ𣿡
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һΣҵһμҿʱҾͷҰˡҲ֪ΪʲôǿƲסҳϣǱҺʱȴ㲢֪Ƕ޾Ŀô
ȻǸʱһ˽ĹȷţЩ꣬һķǳ࣬ǳۣǳˡܿЦɣǸʱʼһңһҪǰŮˣһ࣬Ҫûбˣȫǿֵ
ҺҾȻð㣬ҲѹΪָҪŮһ˺ۡԣֲֲ֪ôȥο㣬Ҿɵɵĸ㷢ţȻҲ֪ԼҪ˵ʲôҲ֪㿴ûֻϣܹ֡ȣ
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ξ֪˿ȿ϶ֽţûдֱһͷǣȵĻ촽΢ĻӦ
ȻѾʮˣڽǷȴһȻƵĵӰһס촽ʱľŵľһľͷŵĲ֪ǺãֻξƵǣҡףȴʧξƶʲôʮʹ࣬һ㶼
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ͬʱҲоȵĽƵӭ࣬ݹ飬Ѿڿ״̬֣ﲻܿƵķһһĽ·ʧ޾Ŀ֮УһҲֹͣӴ
˫ָǲξƺϸĦ
ʱȻɳϣξǰ˼ƻǣ໥§ŶԷĦ

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صĴ̨Ϲιɴҷ裬žž졣
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û˯ǿŶˣƺ棬֪ʲô
촽ϵĴξһ֮Եĸɸɾ绨һ촽ڳѪ֮¸ΪΡ
һ˽Ļȣξһļ򣬰˯µ˿ˮɫ˯ȵļϿǱ-İ-ۺ-֮ϡ
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һ뵽˶ԼǾͲɵ¶һ˿΢Ц
ξƵ§һֻۿ޽ǵĳǾӨĶ̥-˱š
ȱǿ﷢߽
Ķ䣬ξһ·ǵİȻǣ֣ĸ첲֡ɬתͷ̧֡
㣬Ư
һ⻰ȾҪѡξȴţָϲķ˿㡣
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ʲô
Ҷİ
ţ
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ɣ
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ûϵ㿪ҵĳȥɣ
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һΣҲ룬Ŀˡ
ǵģĺĺѽ
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400

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ξƵӣȿĵЦˡСôô
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˵ξһѾͰԼϵĺɫT¶ͭɫ˶
Ҫʲô
µҪתӵʱȴоһ¾ͱξǼʵֱ۵ıסˣһá
𣬱𡭡
ȸҪģ;һαξƵĴסˡ˵ʵȻξ⺷ݵĽ˶һɲǣ׺֮壬ĺˡ
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ĴŲš
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ȻûлعĵڣֶʱоһĶסǱۻ۵һ߽֮صڿ

ԼѨȻһС˵ʳƷţħꡣ
Ⱥ˿Уʱѣž͸оԼαסˣ˵ƹ֮š

ֱһйף̱




401·꽻ӵҹ

Ⱥ˿Уʱѣž͸оԼαסˣ˵ƹ֮š

ֱһйף̱
꣬꣬ڴȻ캮ضȴͷ㺹죬ſξ˫м䣬ĺξƵڿϡ
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ξÿһ£ȵĽͲܿƵĶһ¡µͬʱǿ߳һ
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ξߣߣִȻԲ˫ȷֿ¶ףͻǹƹһĹͷڷѨмĦ
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ξһ֮£ǰѨˮѾСĭͨͷĸоÿÿм们ʱŮ˶ῺܵĲ
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̫ˬˣˬξƼ̲סҪ䣬ҧסˡһһʼͦ
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ʹĵξƣ˫ץɳ֣˫ȸΡ
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壬һִ󷺺Ĵ˫мĴǷ۱֭ҺѨڲ롣
ŷ
˫ȴɳߣֺϹ߸Ьšɫ죬ҧ촽ҡڣʹ࣬ܡ
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š
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ȻǿȵļлУʹξĲСֱǰŮˡÿĿԼ޹ķĴ۾
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ţ˼ѾʶĺָлţʱѾӦξƵļһ
ţ
ξһֻǰĺ飬һȤĿȣһϵͦ磬̶ĿƵ˽ϵĲλ
쵽ξƵĿ⣬ȶʱӵĵסܲ
ξ˿̣һЦ裬𣿡
üһҲûشֻСŶŶŶŶ
ţԹ飬ƺξƲ֪ϧ
Ǻǣ
ξͷ˳ȥתȥ
ȻԸȻת˹ȥȴɬֵסΡ
ξƷȶ棬ĦһžžžԲ͵һһºξƿ粿ײصڿξƱһŭͦ磬츾ɳһ䣬ײİƨɶ˺Ρ
˰ʮ֮ξƱƨվתɳԼȲɳϣͬʱ̧ȰԲȴԼϣһߺĸɱƣһ߰ϰתǣ裬С㣬
ξһֱξƵĺԣͦŽʵĺ˲ƨξ

˻еһʶţ졣㺹֮£ĸΪˣ滹ɢһ˿絯һһһ˫ǰӶšξưԾ飬ײǷʺΡ
׳һĿв˵ģӾһܣҪ˵侳ĸˡ
һͦ壬һξԼϻƵ޳ȣʮţаཱུĽֺֺɢԸеĹ
о߳ҪˣξƷȣϸ߸ЬſɳϣΡξߵߣߣѨڽ˼±һ²˽ȥ

ξưȵĳ۵һߣǾգžžžƨɵϹɫֿ㣬βš
ȵŸ߸ЬڵذϣŬֱ˫ȣֺץţĺξ롣ɳϣͬʱлڣĦĿС
ָоһӶûģҲǽףΪһŮӦеĿ֡
žž£ξͻȻӿٶȣ̧ţһƳһݿ磬꣡꣡͵ģǿ롣

ξƷĳ̶ʱԳܣ˫ȣ˫ֳɳ
žžžξͻȻȣһ嵽ףȵһС죬ͬʱڻ̵ľҺ
ܵǿǿҵĴ̼ȶʱһͬʱҲ罦İ֭ͬһʱ̣ˮ齻һ
ůĻůůĿУÿһϸξİԼѹԲ̵ķϡ
ʹڴڵ˿е㾫ָһȿǽ۵ͷ˳ξ̽˱
һ̣ξֻԶͣ˫л˫ȣɳϣһҲ
һ˲䣬ﾲĵģʣ´Ϣ֮




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ᶼйΰӡѶҡ
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֮аݵϴĽɫ˶һۣЦݿɵӣģȻʲôöΪҪʲôطõǣܿڡ
˫۰Ƴ˹һۣЦСʶࡣ
˵ž˳ȥſڵ񾯵һ¾ͷǰɣǻҪ죬ûЩСϺס
֪ˣӡ
߳ΰӡ
ԴӴ֣Ϊ˱׾Ŀ࣬Դҡͷ٣-ˣǽ׸ʮµĶģΪʲôΡ
СһںԴϡ
ִҡ
ɵѽӳǳȻ⣬˵ǲǷ磬ٺ٣
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ˣһһɣͣȻɹȴѾ࣬ûлٵõ顣
ȻҸӦ㣬ӦʲôֻҪξĴʲôأһԵ·Ҳûʲôá
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漴洫뿪ĽŲξƷ𣬴Ӻ汧ͦǹǹǹŻ
þ档ҲܵǰδеĴ-˫ץűӣźеξơ
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ξɵԴ㣬һҪ
ҪʲôҲ֪ϧ˼ңϽԷҪϰˡ
ξҲ֪Լ̫ˣ˵ͷȣһûȥѧԺأԴȥ𣿡
ʲôÿġ
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һ·ϿüĳݣξѾ˾˵ѧԺǰһ飬ξ˵練ơ
ڲ
ξȵ֣οĿ
Ȼ΢Цǰˡ
ξ̧ͷȥγʻһֵߵķݲǺܸߣӶ඼Ͼɰʮ¥ȻǶ죬ֵԵ·ҫڱ任Ľ֦ͷϻƵҶӣ·ҲƮɢſݰܵҶ
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ÿжϳǣǷᶼϳǴˣǰᶼоÿʱǷᶼеľַŵǰʡĹţѾĳɵӰԺˡ
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ѧԺ¥Ȼ£ĳˢģطȻԿʴĺۼУôѽ
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ȶξһ绰ƣ㼱Ҵҵתˡ
ױ̫ӰξƲȥתξƲͨϵĵ绰
磡
绰ͷһϳɳص
ϣҰ˽¡
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403

ȶξһ绰ƣ㼱Ҵҵתˡ
ױ̫ӰξƲȥתξƲͨϵĵ绰
磡
绰ͷһϳɳص
ϣҰ˽¡
ﻰ¾ǰ顣
ξĵͷԸȥתξƾ̤ѧԺһװɵĽѧ¥赸ѧԺⱲӻûеֵط˳ͺúòιһ¡
˵ȻѧԺĽѧ¥ȫǷµģӲʩȴȫ赸ңֱ˵Ǹûݣĵذ壬ɾĴשƯŮС
ѧ赸ģרҵĲᵽ㣬赸ѧԺȽϣΡ˵ѧԺǺ˵ѧԺ˵ѵ࣬С¥ʮҡѧϰ赸ģǳЩÿḻˣȤ¡
Ǳҵ࣬һ㶼һ죬ĽڿΡоֹ˾ģĳЩҪ赸װģﶼԳа졣
ѽҲ֪δܲͦȥ
ҿꨣϺýǰ˵ЩԾǴģǵģҲ֪ˣҪ
㲻֪ѽ
ʲô
˵ѽУǻʼŶ³¬֮ĶԹ
ʲôԹ
˵ɵ⻰һû˵Уʲôˣ˵ǰˣɫҲǣ˵ѽǰǽʡĹŵһ⣬ǧĽ¬ƾ֮һ
Ŷ˵¬ƲӦðô
£òҪݻ١
ξһ·赸ʦ顣˵ʵ֮ǰҲֻ֪һ֪Ϊֻһݺû뵽滹ЩĻ
ǻʼţ¬ƣСӲ¬СյϵȤ
ξЦһ·ɫѹȲԭǵ
¬ҵҪһᡣ
ξͻȻһ赸ͣ͸ξƶľƵذһʮ߰Ůһɫװ˦䡣
֪ʲôӣ
ͻȻĵðһ뷨ξ°ͣ˫Ŀ˸š
ϾĺԺйȫؾÿĳ֮УԿĺԺӰӣǹŴѧзˮģϳŹǡڹŴǵ¹֮Ҳ˵Ĺ񣬶ںҲ׷Ч£ȻªռСȴҲģ
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һĺԺϴ°ԱߵˮǰһȵŮͷϴмѾͷλʲôʱѽ
СһʢϡһߴȤ
׿֦˷ۣˢ
Ժ󷿣ǰ䣬䣬Ѿˣȫס
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׿֦ػߵſһ䡣
׿֦һڰĭˣ¿ڣޣ㷳ѽÿ춼Ҫʡ˵𣬾⼸졣
ôھͿʼ跳ˣԺô죬㻹ðҶȥѽ
ˡ
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׿֦һžͱ꾾ס˶䣬죬裬֪ˡ
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ŷſŮĶ䡣
ǵģͲܻһС
׿֦һԹĿĸס
Է
ˡ
üһ̧֣в˵ʲô
ûʲô
׿֦ԹԵ
̾˿ʻΪң㿴ŮĸһҲûУ˭۸
Ǿ˭۸ѽ

׿֦˾졣
ǸɾģôǿһŮˣŮ˾ͱȲˡǰûߵʱﻹֵͦģʲô¶໥ţ˵˵ҲڣټԺģҲûڼҵʱ軹Ը˵ڣ軹Ը˭˵ȥһʲô紵ݶҹҹ˯š
˵˵ۿͲɵĺ
裡
׿֦Ҳζ
˵ˣԷɣ
İɣԺ󲻻뿪ˣҲ뿪ˡ
˵ʲôɵ㾭˻Ϲȥ
һŮѽ
Ц죬ʲôŮǸﲻǿ˾˼ôǮ⡣
͸һ£
Ůһۣ˵ɶֻѾߵģ˵ˣ԰ɣҵ»Ҫȥһˡ
ȥǸʲô
ûʲô£극ϰࡣ
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磬θôǮ㲻˵ǳﻹǮвѽ
Ҷ棬һ¿Źɵɵʵ
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ͷһۡ
С̧־һôںԴϣĶôϻûУ˾ͳȥš
յûأ
Ƿǲǡ
ƲƲ죬һץһĲ鲻Ը˳ȥ·ϡ
磬ǸòǺǰɣ
С̽һ䡣
ΪʲôҪǣû
˵ҲǡΪʲôҪأ
һһ˵ΪʲôýָͷҲ뵽
˿̣Ц
Ǹòʲô°ɣйֵΣҪǳˣܱס𣿡
ʲôֲҪɱ˵ˣݵŮҪӣ滹治أôأ
Ǿ졣
ôһŮˡ
Сͷ漴а촽Цٺ٣Ҫ˵Ҳ湻ڵģȻǻݣйֵһʻȻȲǾֳˣҲǷ׿Խķ츾磬ǲ˵ŮŮ𣬼Ȼ-գһݣǺǣ츾ζɲЩҰȵ˵ģ㿴
ʵ˼ֻû˵ڣʱСһ˵Ǹ뷨ʱ
һƳСһۣҪ֦
ǣǡ˼ס
СæͷʲôɫϲģɫҪ
ˡ
̧ͷ
һ׿֦߳ţС۾ʱ˿ĭ˭
û´ӦŮ
ҵ裬ʲôĸ׾ʲôŮ̫ˡ
С죬-Ц
ͷһۡ
ٺ٣
磬ҪҪҪϡ
ţϰ࣬
ģá
˵С߳ſڣһĦг͸ȥ




404°칫

ģá
˵С߳ſڣ·һĦг͸ȥȻ֪ƼʲôԹƼ԰ӾŪͿٰŪȥŮ˲ͬŮˣȻûôӴ֮йͿԿŮ˾ĺĽɫΪĿģֶΡ
ҼƼ͸¶ίǵĹϵ˱Խ͵ͨˡһ칫ҸιڵģȨ浽ԭǱ˳ʹԸ£ΪǾΪǰ¡
ܹͽǣȻµ顣
˵ԸɻǲԸɣҪҪɣܾǾζŵ˼ƼŮˣԺͱкչˡ
˵ˣмƼ̨ԺڷᶼͿԺߣֶΪأȻҪðһķգֵá
ڹ˼ʱһƷŮһг˳ĺԺǰŵżȽϸߣгżѳ·ϣתȺصľţ
ΪأֱһӾˣ硣ǿư빫ֵʱ첿żƸڣʲôָ֤Ƶġ
ʮľ䣬ȴһһӡߵλãȫƾԼʵԹڿҿһ˿ûһߺ֮ӡ
Ʒ·ǹϵͳĿõġڼƼߺŸϵǰǽȻͬˣҲҪĻǰ⵹Ķ
겻ôϲȥҪΪβ̸ףϴεһѵƼѾĻҪ꣬黹ǲ֮
ί˲ϹӣǾרżලҸɲ͵ġ
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ίֱ룬һĲ֣ҲֻнȨû֧Ȩ
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塣ﳵˡú¼ʻĦгβ档
׿֦˵ûĸ껹һˣ-ӣ°һűС죬纬ŵĻǶ䡣һ˫κʵĴ۾͸Ĺԡ̳ɽԺȫ¶˳һֶׯϺͰĸо
ȻʵﶬһļԶһƷصĴŲųеóǹȻʡ
ĺܸһĸͷȴһҲݣҲӷסĽͨгһϲǰܵŮˡ
Խų°ࡣ
гһĶķʽ˫ͬʱҲŤڣȻʲôʵļ⣬ȴԺܺõıΣԶȲ--ļ⣬ʹ֮нǿԡ
ΪˣſԱôõġͷ--ʣ-飬-Ρ
Ť֮ܺõĶ׸⣬ʹ֮ᡣSߣǴŶɫװȻ¶ȵġ
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ٺ٣磬ƨ-ɺôѽ
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ȻΪϺǼ飬Ȼﲻʲôæ϶һˣȻ֪ȻҪʾһ£ܲܰʲôæ˵Ǿ죬ǰҲ첿Ź⾭Ȼȶ࣬û׼ܰæ
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ȻףûŮ˲ϲ˿òġʵһξƾʹŵĲ³ݣΪģΪһװ
Ȱ칫ҵģضǳҪõѣǸŮģǾ죬ʮа˾ž׿֦ĸˣϸ֮£Ůüһ׿֦ƣξƶɡ
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Ȼ֪ǰŮݣξ붺һŮˡ
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ŶҾͲ²ˣǺǣ
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ҪҵݣǺð㵹ǲ²¿
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ξư˰֣Ǻǣȱ𼱣ûв´ӦУǳҪõѡ
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ĶԲԣ
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꾪ϲʵû뵽ǰϲСӾԼδĹү
Ǻǣ̫ˣ˵ȥݷý㣬û뵽ˡ
н㣡
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Ǻǣϰˡ




405Ů

ѽ
꾪ϲʵû뵽ǰϲСӾԼδĹү
Ǻǣ̫ˣ˵ȥݷý㣬û뵽ˡ
ξҲȷʵû뵽׿֦ĸףɲ顣
̫ˡ
н㣡
ξơ
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ξԴɵЦԴȻξƵϰ߶֮ҪǰһʵֵĽɫˡĸϲԼŮܵ۸ϲʵֵŮ
ȻȥЩɵģ˲ſסûлӣ˷ǳʵĸоҲȽϺദ
ʶãͽϰˡ
ξһۣʵģû뵽Ҳô
У˵Ķģôᣬҽ̣һвͦŤģҪ
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һ˶м̰꣬
걻Ļңûа취ɻǷʴξƵҡڣξƹ˫Ƚżⶼ뿪˵档
ߵĻͷԼƨˣһ֮ɫüͷšһ𣬲֪ôźáСʵ̫ˣƨҲҪԡ
ţ
վڵϣܿƵĻƨӭξƵ֪ԼڸʲôʶģһİƨɾߣξƵıϵ֣ĥ䡣
ҪСƣ㣬Ұɡš
ξ˫ץź˿Σͼѿ˺ϡãȻƨɣ༸࣬ǷʹڿԵ˳
ξץס᳤һ

оԼϻһ֭ˮξڿɫڿȻ͸ȴͻѨ
ξƾƷ¶飬衣֭͸ڿξζʮζ
겻֪Сô໨Уֱ̫ˬˡѹŮôϲСƣŹɣ衭ˡ




411°

ξƾƷ¶飬衣֭͸ڿξζʮζ
겻֪Сô໨Уֱ̫ˬˡѹŮôϲСƣŹɣ衭ˡ
ξԸȻŲҪƨȴһĺѨϲ䡣ķǡ
ξһתаЦЦſ촽裬ĲҪ𣿡
ȻĹ꣬ȴŷѨŤš
ƨһľξ
ĲҪҿɾͷſˡ
ξƲָ׹ѨڡϷʵ
ߣСƣŹҰɣ
˵ʲôξƱٴסСѨôζı㣬̵סįҲܲס
ξֱӰڿ㲦һߣѨ˸ܽӴʶ˹٣ڰ۵ķѨ衣
һ߳츾İ֭һ˵һЩĻ̼ꡣ
ʱﻹ˼ӣ˫ַڰϣƯӰ뿪ϣûн࣬ü˼ԼѨ֮Ĺ켣
С캩ţ³֮˫ָһƤָƤ֮С
岻ܿƵľΣǿȵıξƷֿʴձξ˫СȣȸξƵԴ
ϴ޴Ѩˮ
ʱȫûĹǣŮܿҪʶհףȫеӭξƵ
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ξͻȻһ˫ȣſڰϣξߣߣаЦ裬ı㡣
һ쳱üƺ˵ʱǶôͻȻоһ̵ģԲεĶԼѨĥ䣬ͻȻʶʲôҲ֪ͻȻת㿪ξơ
ξ㶵Ŀ
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ξ͵Ŀһۣ۾δĸ˵˫صξˬˣȴһյ̧ͷξơ
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ξʶ磬ƮƶˡĽԼСֵܣⵯлĥĸоʵ̫ˬˡ
УС֦ˡ
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ţ
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ʲô
ξֱӰ걧ϣԼһߣ̧˫ȣƨɾͷʳⴽ
ٴ⵽ʱʧء֪ŮҪǿѹУٴþסξƵĴһ
ѩѩѩ
һξһ߿ǽϵĺڰ׵ĽգǸӣҲüĿ㣬Ҹ˫ԼǱ档
ʱŮĿԼؿڣԼĪĿвξƵͷԡ
Ů˴ߴٵûС
ţ
ξֻĸ˵ɧƣŶ
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412Ůˡ

꣡
ͻȻԺﴫ˿ŵ
С֦ˡ
ξȴβţ裬ˡ
˵ͰѨ֮ò
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ξҧŲţû޳ֽţպξһۣһڱȥ
裬һˣӴʲôӣӡ
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裬ԣ
ξķΡ
ԹĻͷξһۣһ㽫Сͷɽһ˱֮㲻ÿξҲܹĸӣСԼĴ󼦰ʶ
ȻÿڽʦͨǹŮˣȻ֪ȡˣҲ׼ȷҵо
оԼĹͷòӣصţһɹǿҵ֮УξƻͻȻѪ㼯壬һ
裬ˣ
ͣ

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һȥϽľҺɨڣȻξȻ׳һ顣

ڴϱϵξƣûĴһš
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ξ΢ۣһĨааЦݡ
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㣬С֦˾鷳ˡ
ѵϱξ˺õ˿࣬㿪ʼĴ·
ξƷҲ·Ȼŵ˳ȥϢԺţξ뿪ļҡ
ϷҪξܲܿ




413¶жĥ


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վһŲͷǸӵģСˡ
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ʲô
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Ȼ䣬в߶ʱжױ˷֣粻ɵټɫҲ֪ʱȻҹ˾ʱʱ
ΧԺǽת˼ȦǺ˷ǽڵĵص֮󣬱ǽǶ
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С䣬ֱ¡
ûϰǿѾˡ˶붼໥ʶ
Ŷ
ѵѣʱƹ˹
ģһôֻˡ
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ģСӴĻǺѽ
С죬һĲ죬һô죡

Ҫһʰˡ
ֳһĨ֮ɫ߬ȭͷ
ȵٿɣҪСӲʶࡱ
Ļ粻˵ҲˣǶŭˡ
ôˡ
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˶ǽǣ̧ͷξơʱǿξƵĿ㣬һ⣬üӢһ˿Цݡ
Ŀ΢УξǵЦŨˡ
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˶һۣСЦ˵ʲôôףǾǳ˷䣬ˣ׻
ξüһɣɱ¶˵ǰɣ
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ʱѾ¹û˵仰ʢ




414ץ

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ԣһ鶼ԼԲþ֪
𣡡
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Сʱɾʹ˻ٸϵ˴ҽԺͬС˽֮粻ǰ鶼ˣ
ӣҲû취ڲϣò˵ѽ

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ݻϣһСһ꣬£ӿǳе顣
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Сţи㣬Ҿ
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Сţû㡣
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СŴ˸ɫһɾȥŷ硣СҲһжӳȻҲмĸ




415Ůˡ

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Ѷҡ
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ѶﴫɾĴӴȵ




416򻶡

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Ȼ˵ۼΪʵǰ참ӽ֤ݣ֤𣿡
УѾȥȡ
ãȥ
˵򻶾߳˰칫ҡں档Ѷ⣬򿪣
Ż򿪡
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λɾһ򻶵Ѷ¼ʵΣ
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йֳ򻶡ˣҪ֪ζʲôȻһҲ˵ʵ֤ǰĳĬκáҪ֪ԼĴǾ仰̹״ӿܴϣȻѾǾ;Ի鵽ף㲻ҪŽҵ
ԩġ
Ŷ
Ǻã˵ԩģܹ֤Լ𣿡
Ҫ̣
ʹ˸ɫɲԸͳһ̸ֻξƵϡ
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ҺߣӳúõڼԷͷĴ˰ץҵҪʣƾʲôץңѵƾСӵĿڹƾץˣδҲ̫Ц˰ɣǾ仰֤ݾóҵšò֤ݣ͵ųԹ˾ɣ
㣡
ʮСʱҵš
ʱɵֻһʾЦЦҪ֤ǰɣҵҪжӲ
˵ͽ绰С֤ȡˣ㻹ʲô
ɫ䣬ˣô¡ǸʲôԵģôҪĶˣϽҡ
Ƴɵ飬ξһ
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ͷ󺹣֣ǰ׵ĵˡ
ʱ֪Ϊʲôʼξƶһ޿ֵӣԭ׼
ɵĶԲԣ
ӳɲҪѪѽһֱ֤ﶪˣʲô飬ѵΪзɡ
ξЦ
ߣ㲻㣬Ҳͬ
˵Ҫ֤ݡ
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򻶰˰֣бۣɣ
ӳѵͻˣƤ𣿡
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ɵͷ߳ѶҡɾҲβѾԤеԼһõˣʮСʱ֮ҲǰѵͷϵɴñҲ̫ˣǵʱͰ֤ܺץ˵ĻξưŵҲô׵֡
һߣߵſڰСŽ˽Ѷ֮й涨ѶʱҪڳ
ЦеĿξƣĿ⣬ξƻֱë
㻹
ֳʲô˼
ģСҵˡ
ξƳ۶ӺӣƲƲ졣
˵˵ɣΪʲôҪɱ
Ҳֳʲô˼ҸղѾ˵ˣûɱˡ
ܾѽûϵ㼴ʹ˵Ҳ֪
ξһȦ˵һܲ򵥵ˣڣǻ۹ˣز¶ʶıԶǵһټôûأ
ξüһ֪ŮҪ˵ʲô
û˵ᶼΪ˲̫Ӱģ㣬Ҳа˰ɣһ㶯ûУѵ˵¶椡
һ˵һҡͷ治ףôѡ㣬ЦȻ˶Ϸ
򻶣
лҪ˵
Цξơ
Ȼļãһ߳жҲ˵ҵĲǡ
Ŷɷϣˡ
ξһ̣鲻ܹ⿴棬㶼ˣ˲Ҳܷ֡
𣬺ðɣ˵Ļ˵ģҿ治ô
һ䣬򻶾˳ȥȻҲϲ㣬Ͼѡеˣˣò㻹Ҫеġ
ξܲףŮºȥ߶߶ˡ




417±ͣ

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һҹûкۣ߽֣¸ɾڰ칫ҵ
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ŷعͷӳǰɣ
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˵ŷͰίóϡ
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ӳ֮ǰѾϸʱҵĵʱȻҲֳǵƾ˵㣬ǲ˵ʲôģʹ˵ͻɱߣδЩǣǿ˰ɣ
ŷ
ξɾǰʯͷԼĽţȻܵʲôϽιȥξǿӲĻڶƣһΰӳôһɱ˷в
˵ξƾɱߣξ֣߳ң⣬ǲֱ˵
ŷĻһࡣߣȻѾˣӦ֪طˣ֤
ŶΪִߣ׼ӦñҸ֤ǲ˵ģõó֤𣿡
ߣȻòҳҵ
Ҳ˵ҵĵ𣿡
죬һ֪ηŷĻŷС㣬ﶼǲģֻȰ㣬ΪʦӦú壬ƽֻ档
ллӳҸ棬ҺǷɣ֤ݡͬĻҲ͸㣬ƫż˹Ҳ˲ƣˣӦƾ汾³ԷǱǩְɣ
ôˡ
Ҳô𣿡
˭֪ͨģ
ܡ
СӣҲǲ𣬿ӣһҹû۰ɣ
֪ͺá
Сƣδ磡
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˵գŷת˳ȥ
裬С֦ʲôҲǳ𡭡
Ƽվſۿξ۵ĳ档
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Ƽ졣
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֤ܲסʲôá
ǳ鴤ɨ˼Ƽһۡ
ӣ㡣
ĿξƵıӰתȥ
㣬˸ŮȻϸ֦ˣˣ´Σߣ
ƼҲû뵽ôûãһСӶԸˣüƼû뵽ξƵݣΪֻǻһӪҵҵĸүû뵽ȴݡ
ҵǣŻϤһЩĻˣȻҲҶšߵȻôҪ֤ˡ




418º

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ɴͷɥ߽򻶵İ칫ҡ
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ûãȻ֤ﶼˡ
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˱ˮλȣ̵֪˵𣿡
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ǰЩӣͻȻһʵۺĻ֯ҵ˷ᶼίͶΪɽ·ѧ
⹤̡
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˵ǰίᣬڻǾᵽ⹤̣ţ⹤̵˳Уκβҵ̵ĽȣһϳͲ
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⻹йϵ
֪λŷʦ˭⹤̵Ͷʴλ»鳤ܾ
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Ϊأ
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򻶷±ӣղѾ绰ˣȻҺ뱣㣬ҲΪǹӽ쿪ʼȺֵίĴְɣ
Ī˵ɣҲǸղŲ֪ǸôõСӣȻݣʵ̫˼ˡ
еʶξǾ仰ץԣСԼɴñòģξɱˣΪʲôң⡣
ȨƵ
ˣûˣҲһҹûˣͱϰˣȥ˯ɣ
Ѿ࣬òξĸŮȰˡ
ͷ۹֡ξ߳˴š
ſһµϽγ򿪳ţŷ
ξŷǰ޷׿ԽʱˡһǳɫV֯װV֣ʵ˫強ѹһ컵Ĺߡһա
һɫĳ㣬˫ȻԲϸһ˫ɫĸ߸ЬͤͤؽһƬһʯˮ˸űĹ
ӣСţӰ۾ɫ㷢Ժ󣬶ǰһ档

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ٺ٣ã
һϳξŷһͨǣ£õĻŽ⡣ŷξŪҵͷӱóһļ˵⹤̲ļĿ޶ǩ֡
٣һǧ򣡡
ֻǰͶ롣
ǰڣ浱ǴƼѽ
ξ۵ӣŷЦˣڰ¡ЩǮôģ˲֪һ֪𣿡
Ҳôɣ
ŷݸһЦһزūӣİɣǲԿģҿˣ֪ƺΪʲôô𣿡
Ϊʲô
ΪƫԶɽߡȻҲһԭ򣬵ҪġҪһʡ˹ˮӣīӣԿ̲ŲԸˮԴȱģҴｨһīӴӣضīӡ
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ŷĻξٺõҲûˣξģǧڣȥңʲҲʮڣ滹жǲȫ۴ֵֺջġ
Ȼξһ֮˼Ҳǳ˴ģ̫ܲϲǣҪȻ˺ĵġ
ξƳĬŷЦЦôС֪ǸɴҵˣαصǮأ
㲻ң֪ι󡣡
ξƲƲ졣
˵ĵĻҲ˵ҸһˣĿǰλյʽжռʮڰǧŰپʮǧٶʮԪ־Ͳ˵ˣƱڻծȯҵạ̃Ƥׯ԰ȵȣЩܼռһٶʮڣȻЩʱн˵׼
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ξƵŷһۣѽ㣬ڡ
ô˵ͬ⿩
㶼ҵļҵ׵ˣһ˵ʲô
ξ̾˿Ů֮УҲֻŷ֪ôܡ
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˭ѽ
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ô
иˤˣҵȥҽԺ
һܣôΪСæ
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ݰݣˡ
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ξƺ޺޵ĵ۾Ľγû취ͨ˷ĵ绰Լ




419°칫һϡ

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ξƴ򿪳ţ˺棬ûȥﻹðɣ
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ξɢλϣ죬أ
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û𣿡
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Ǻǡ
ûС
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ѩξ³·ϳţȥɣҡ
Ŷ
ŮԱѾξƺˣһξƵҲֻǴ˸к㾶кˡ
ͨռݣξ¥İ칫棬ͷ칫ĺξװƿš

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ҵ·Ūˡ
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˵žͰĺɫװԱߵ¼ϡ
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һ¼סξƵԴ˫໥ĥţһߺˣһȴ̧ӭߡ
˫ֺ̨ӣƳۼ俴Լ̬
ζı㣬㵽ˡ
˵ξƽ⿪ӣһƨɾ̨ϣºףޣˬ㣬û򡭡
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ξưźԴʶ磬Ц㣬û뵽ڱôɧ
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ӶСʱ廰Ц

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ΪŮˣɷ򣬱Ůһ;ûǣĸоû
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˵ˣǸӵŮˣݵĸ޸ȻѾˣͥɢЩعͥǲͷ¶˼ջЦתϣڶϡ
룬ΪʧܣΪĸҲʧܡȻˣάϵϵ飬ͥȻϲξƵȴûɷξƵϲȫתĶԶӵİ
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ԸԳξаԻϲָ˿ĻԲ츾ʵ̫ˣȻУָͷϵĴȴʵԺֳŮ˻ԲɫͲ˿޳ȵ̬򸧡󡢻ࡢץˮխȹ±¶ĺɫ˿ξб仯̬
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ȴ޸ˮſǰλϣһһŸɶӶǰĸĦꡣ
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󡭡ξĴָѹѿָ΢ĿţˮЩʹҧָҪҪš
ξƨɣʱϵĹſڵ̺ϸ߸߾ŰԲĴƨɡξһ߿ڣһͷ΢΢Щڵľջ١ˮֲʹı˿š
ⱥ͵ʵ̫ˣһ͹һŮ˵δ̼ξҪǹ󣬵סˡ
ξԸ츾ˮְˮ֪ɶҪʲôϽ·زξƺٺһЦߣŴִվԸ츾ˮߣֱӰѴֳļ͵ŮǰĦŮ˵ͷ裬ɶӴһ
Ը츾ˮ̧ͷ˸ɶһۣٿǰڶֺãŤͷʾӡ
ξƵʱתͷ裬Ҫ
˵ξƾͲɷ˵סıӣˮŲԸſ죬ξѹͷײŶ
Ů˵ͷһÿȻһѴִļͲĽŮŴ۾һֱŸɶӵĶֻŴ죬ɸɶӵļͽ
ξƱ۾ͦ磬ŴʱڳһŮ˵оһʮŮΪ񣬸оխСŪԼоŽխСﲿ
ʱξƨɺ濴ȥֻһ߷ѩ׵ڵ̺ϣ˫ֻ̣̰׵ǵشһڵë΢΢¡֡Ů˫ֺڵأ΢΢ĳʵľΡΡĻζšѾɶӵƨɵˣֻһ°ͣ͸ɶڵܽӴš
󡭡
ξͱ죬һûע̫룬Ը츾ˮͻȻҺʱ˰ķϣŴ۾޺޵ĿŸɶĶݲС
ξƱǸĿŮˣ۵С죬ĸĦǱʴԲĴƨɡ
ͬʱŮ˷۵ĻСǰͻȻһûעͷŮ˶ʱξγԸ츾ˮߵϣ̧ƨɣΰ룬ȵĹͷڻ۴ϼĥһ˳Ĳ˽ȥ
Ŷһˮ˲ˬֱ˿Ÿǵڵϴת̫ʵˣִ̫ˣ̫ˡ
裬СƣӺˬý
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ξҲ˵껰㿪ʼ͵ĳ㻵
Ըи˫ֺץƺҪץסξƣֹͣ
Ըиôз˵ӣξ˷ܼˣԸи롣
žžžͷƨײ֮صڷÿһرҹ˾ʱرξƹϢ˶ˣˬˬ
оԼļͱܵİţξƼֱ˵ָоΩзĳ壬ײйֺĿС
һץסԸиץ֣һһݿ룬ͬʱſԸиѩ׵ļԼ޳ķ˿
ԸиˬˣȻôҲ벻ԼһʮŮˣȻһһԼӻҪСԼһĸô̱һˣˣһһΣҲͰˣȻɷʶһĸɶӷ񽻻
ֽ׵ĸоʵ̫ˡԼһС籦һһʮִ̼ĸоһִ׵ĿСǱĴִ󼦰ͱԼСƵʱһ˲Ŀкͳʵû
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ԸиͷŸɶԼ۳ңﲻ֪Ǻ޻ǰ·ʵҪӵס
ξư㷢ۿףȻƨɶ϶һһĳ壬Ļԣޱ飬ƺھžǲžžžξƿųŮ޵ף伦ͶʱִһȦŮ˶ʱоüһ·ҪгסˡξһЦֲ壬ǲȻɨΪײǰ˦İ顣
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Ըиɫһ졣ξƿ۾ſļҧŶ裬ýҺ
˵ּӿٶȡ
Ů˺ߵĳӣٿξơȻξȴҪŮ˵ĲӣסС죬鷿еʶƨɣڸһСĸ
ҺһճճĦ֮ξưԸи豧ƨſڵϺݺݵĳɣûɼŮ˾֧Ųס˵ϣξҲƨɺ塣
ʮ֮ξưԸиת˸ڵϣξưһ˫ԲŻɫ˿ϸ߸˫ȷֱֿߣԼŮ˱ĻѨ֮УһſŮ˵ƨϣһŮԸк촽һߴ϶ƵִļͲ֮С
ξ˫Ų£İŮ˶ΪѹȶʴΰԼƨ棬꣬еİڶƨɣֱԸиԲĴƨһһʵĶͣ

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ȴе̼
Ըи˫ְڿ˫ڸɶΣ§ŸɶӵĲӣ۾Ϳӣо屻ĿУеĽвŲҪΪײ
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ԽԽִˣǣһֽ⡣
ԸиͷһԾסС죬漴üһЦͷŷƨɣһҡڣһ߽˿һʵȻǸ߸Ь
ԾջξһίǵţһʮƽŶׯĳŮˣȻһʮ˵ǰڳ˵ĶԼļ
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ʱԸи軻ϵһ˫ɫӦĺɫ߸ͷƤЬСӯӯһգԲĸ߸ƤЬСİ˿ţ߲
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ξƱ۾ĦԸиףڹԸи迴˸ɶһּۣһغ裬졣
ʱҪǿĸΪĳ񣬻ѪԸиƺɶӣǲļֻͣΧθ꣬Ÿɶһܵ飬Ҳϲ淨촽ڼһӶ˸ɶӵĶӣȻξϣһñĴƨĥɶӵĹͷһͷڴͬʱ۾ĵĿŸɶϵ顣
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ڼѽ
ǰϰԷ𰡣ΩڼԵгֲʧ
ǺǣʵνģʲôУðɣһ׼ʱģݰݣ
ݰݣ
뿪ѧԺξƻɾƵ꣬ϴ˸裬ɵ˶װŮ˳ԷȥȻҪһõӡ

ԶԶģξֱ֣ξѳȥסﰡ
ξ³£һߵĻ԰СʱȻžƵƷխȹµĺɫͲ˿࣬Ǽͷɫ߸ƤЬССһɫ¶ȹƮƮµţãׯһŮԲ޳˫ûдκ˿࣬ǽ׵û覴õļȴʹ˿ûһ˫ɫĸ߸Ͷࡣ
ңССⷿķӡ

ԭ
ССŸ˰
ߴٵΪ˴󷽿ʣССȴʱһξһҲ˵ղŻǿġ

ʲô֣δ硣
ССЩΪѣûôƤ˭˭졣һԭΪСϰĿǰѧ׶Σ仹СССΣξƵΧǺǣǻǱҴˣʵһûǴأ
һɣ
ģҽպöʮûҵ

һ⻰浱Ŷʮѧ
´ξƼۣ濴ôϲŶʮ
ξðߣŭ𣿡
ǣ˵졣
ָĿڡȻǻСǸôƺ㰡
һתֱӽֿ𣿡
Ȼԡ
ǺǣΡ
Σ
ССһЦ
ξƻЩӦƺУԺͽΰɣ
ȥɣ̿϶Ѿѷˡ
˭
ĸףںסһݼٹңԾס
СС
ԭ
Σпڸˡ
Ϊʲô
ǾƵĲ˵ǲпڸˡ
ԭھƵ깤ѽҲڷᶼ𣿡
ţڷôƵꡣ
Ŷ
ξòôɰɣҲ˵һŮڽѧ飬ĪССŮ
ôѵʶ̣
ʵ
ûУҵȥãͲ֪ûмˡ
ξƲ棬°յ𣿡
ѽ³극˳·ȥϰ𣿡
ץסξƵĸ첲ɰ
ξƶʱоǰĥȣӣǺЦû⡣
ξûг鿪ֿ֣˻һξƾϲĲУΪξǵģǿ̫̫ллˣҽ컹ǵһʽϰأ
˵˵ЦЦѾⷿŵŮ˹Ȼ̣ξһЦû뵽ʵ̧һʱŮһɫ£һɫ°խȹȹڸڵϥһ룬Ҳǡðβ棬ʱξ濴ȥխȹһ˫ԲԲ޳չǰʱ˫Ȱһ˫ǳĳͲɫ˿࣬ʲôȣ͸ûһǴһ˿һξƻû
˵˿࣬Ϊڴȴûп˿߻Ӧࡣһ˫ɫ߸ЬξϿ˫ţʮ룬ȻЩȴǳֺۣȳƣϸ帻йûһ룬㴼ˣʱźɫ˿͸Եջˡ
խȹǵʽģ滹һ㣬ֻǷǳڱ˫ı֮¾͸ˣһɴڰɫϣ͸ȴֻܸоһԲ̬
˿ƷǳխСճߣһεȹӣʽʱ̳̣׶٣ͷһ롣
ԲĳչֳԲ׵ıĶͷĵһۣüë⻬۵ļС첻СЦѡ
ξƼǵ۽ǰ΢΢βƵģ۽һƽչ⵱ȻĹˣû˵
һ̱ЦɣʱξƿɲϦĿ̶Ȼϲ
̣˼߶ˡ
ĵĻССΧһûлأҳ㷹ɲҪ
Ǻǣᣬ˲ʳġ
߽ţѾϷʢĲȣϺ㣬дբзһЩҳˣⶼǰ̫Ưˡ
Ǻǣû˵ɣпڸˡ

ѽ̲ƯҲôһûôóԵġ
Ц˵ЦˣҿСС˵ǹ˾ϰ壬ôб£ʲôɽ亣ζûгԹ
ǺǣûгԹôʢļҳѽ
˵ѾڷССȻξƻ᲻ϲʱһôģҲʵܿģټξһûУôкƣһû֮磬Ǹֺһǧһ򱶣Ҳı˳ĿʼЩϲˡ
ֻѾ˵ξûһ˼Ȩúýȥ׷ȻϲôٶξƷǷ֮롣
һ뵽Щʧ䡣
ССĸȽϺǱϲһҲסͲͬˣȥ׷
Сˡ
һӱξЦһ֭ڣһˬ𣬻ζ
ţҳ
ƳŮֿξƣٿڵ棬Ů˼СƣּᣬССģѽһ˵ҪæȥгˣڼҵʱҲûôˣ
𣿰̲֪ҴС޸ĸǸɵģ׵ľҵˣϲּᣬҲԡ
ŶҪ
ЦʱССߺ죬ָͷ޲굽ӵȥźá
ţ
ó԰ɣǺǶԳԵ㣬⣡
ѩһת̻˼ٿСС飬Ѿµ߰˷֡
ˣ粻Է𣿡
˵ͺ粻ģԶ
СС
Σ˵ȥôƵ̣꣬
ʵһ⻰Ҳ̧ͷûôӶǿ˳ԡ
ȥãǷᶼķ𣬷ôƵںܶжзֵġ
ԣϺһҡˣһ̡
ңǺǣ
ЦˣЦҸղżҲЩ죬ʲôط
ȷڿξƵһ˲䣬뵽Ǹ˵ףơ
Ŀǰסڷõͳ׷Ѿиˣԣң
ξһЦ
һ⻰סˣ֪ͳ׷סǸˣʱҲ˵ס⾿ô£ɣ
ǰ̲ǵˣϳԷǻģ㣬ʱдþѩͷ˫𣿡
Ŷ㰡Ǻǣˡ
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ԭǻǼɵڰϰľƵס̫ɺˣΪôɺϣһ
ɣ
ξ̧ͷ̣Ůתƿξ֪˿һںҲݡ
ȷղξƵĻ˵ˣò룬ѵϦһ֮ĹϵǰˣǾ̫ˡ
˿̵̺Ϧˡ
̱Ҳˡ
̧ͷξƣֿŮ棬ΪԼˣͷ˵ҲˣϦûн֮Ĺϵ߱ˣΪҾϦϦҡ
ξƴ
̧ͷԾĿξơ
ξƳһۣ⣬Ѿоı仯ǲǾԼᰡǺǣǵȻҵĹͣʵҲûʲôһפյ书ֻҪҽŮ˶ᣬȻ΢ıòҲǿԵġ
ֱ̫˼ˣȻþȵξƣξƴ￴˻ɡ
𣬺Ǻǣѵҵ̽㣡
ˣΪϦ
ǺǣҲû뵽㣬ɰԽԽƯˡ
˵ξ̴ֱϣ裬ˣСƣ
ٴϤĴߵͨ죬ƿξƵ֣һۣʾŮ滹ڣҪ
δ磬ϰ࣬˳·ȥ𣿡
ССͻȻ
ξһ㶣ʵûϵССôԼȻ̵ҪؾƵãҲҪȥ
ţǾллСơ
üһЦ촽
лʲô̿ˡ
أ

㡣
⻹ࡣ
СССƴ򷹰ɣ
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ξƳ۳˵ĶŮһѾͽС죬̽㣬ˡ
ǿˡ
ξƿɲ߶ʮһ̵ֱԸк촽۵һ˱ͬʱ˫ѹŭ͵˫壬¹͸̯̽
ܿŮͳˣξƲòſ
裬ôˣ
ССָĸ׵촽
ûʲôԷɣ
ֽĨĨ졣ξƣ촽һЦ
δԷɣ
ãҲ԰ɣ𾻹չҡ
Ů̾һξڴξưŮû뵽»ĳˣŮӣ˳ϲˣôźãȻڴԲںʵܹʵҪξƲĹϵĽܲˡ
̽ʲôأ㲻𣿡
ξĸĦǻԲ˿ĺ˿ȴ̿Ůÿ֡
ʱﲥš
Ǳ̨ߺԪŴһǵðǰǻʼǣ7213ǼʬǻǩԼ˲޹Ϻ֮Уʱһ֤ݱӲɱˮǲյĸĸȴֱӽìͷǻʼŵĶ³¬ƣ˫ŲòԲãһԺղزĿظ棬жˮȫ¬޹أڽйֽӵĳţҿˣͨŷ⣬Ȼȴо֤ݣһݹȻڹֲû͸¶ݹʲôݣ˽⣬ʱ֣¬ƱѾĺƵ걻ڸղţҿˣɳۿڣƽʱвٸ˽ͧ棬¬֮¬СոаߣԼѴŮһʮһ¡ղžֱӴ¬СջԶŵĶܺƣ˵ǶҲǣСĿǰޱ
ãллԪǰıǻĺйϵݹؼ֤ʲôֻ©ڷǰƽȣܶԷ˭ĺǻйŷƲһϳͲǻעãı
ԭץѽ
ͻȻ
ץ˭
СС
¬ưǽϣҲ˰ɣʱһƾƵôôྯͼߣѺһͷ׵߳ԭץ¬ơ
ǺǣԣҵʱҲˡ
Щûһö
ߵ
ҲһӴѽܹкõġ
ѽҹĲš
˵ˣǳԷɣٲԾˡ
ЦЦ
ֽǰסģϢըᣬһ紵ݶ¬ưһǻʵӰ϶Ǿ޴ģһţֻҪűû⣬¬ƼǵˣҲжӰ죬ֻǻһˡ
ʱξƵֻŮԼͬĿ⿴˹
ξһޱģ˼ҽӸ绰ιţҿˣлʲôⶼĹֻͣ˳飬Ҫռ֤ʹٴľҲûð˵ˣҲǣм㲻Ҳ⵹ģţģ㲻˵ҲкģѲ𣬲Ҫ˼׼ŶһȻǻһ˵㣬֮϶кฺܶҪͦסˡǺǣҵȻˣҲѽİɣʲôһԹ۵ģֻҪ㿪ڣһæԲƴǡҪҷѽ˻֪˵ԵĿס𣬺ǺǣãҷľСʲôңһæ˰ɣʲôҪҽӰӽ磬Ұɣҿɲͷ¶챻׷ܣûһɣʲôԴӦ㣬ĲСԺ󰡣ԺԺ˵ɣ֮û㣬УʱԷټ
˭ģ
ξƸչҶϵ绰̲סʵ
һѡ
ޱݵģ
ҵţԼ˵ʲôݣȻޱѡ

Խܸʶһ𣿡
Сǡ
㲻˵Ȧûһö𣿡
ѽ˵ģ㲻֪ⱲԸˡ
ѽ㣡
ССЦܲʵһ£ˡ
ôأȻͺޱѣԺǻޱֻҪڣ벻ʵ𣡡
ξȿССȥϰ࣬Ȼ档
³ɣ
ΣͰæɣ㿪ڣ׼еġ
һ·涼ξƣξƱЩ
棬һЩ˵ʲôÿǶԵģ㲻ȰҵΪ˳Ȱ㻹ǱˣǲæġĵģһЩɼˣ˵Ҳ㣬֪𣿡
ſξƵ֣졣
ôҪҰȥѽ
̿ˣЦˣСƣŮӶһЩСģЩ˲֪ʲôҲ֪ʵΪһҲδزá
ҪľģúùҲǲ԰Ҳ֪ǻŹ˾ʱҲְæң˵𣿡
ҲŶû棬СǲԸæҪʱ
лл㰢̣
Ťͷξƣлл㣬δ硣
ôÿ
̴Ȥ
üһôϻôѵˣȻǴˡ
һЦξƳһۣ°͵ѽ㣬ִ̫֪ˣԺ೤ģ֪𣿡
̧ͷôξ°ͣĴ۾ıС죬ͻȻٵξһڣȻ³ˡ
ҳҶѾͷ
˰㣬㻹ˡ
ƲƲ졣
̽ҵĶ




521-530

̧ͷôξ°ͣĴ۾ıС죬ͻȻٵξһڣȻ³ˡ
ҳҶѾͷ
˰㣬㻹ˡ
ƲƲ졣
̽ҵĶ
ޣ߰ɣ
Ҹط
ξһЦݡû뵽Ů˾ССĸףһҹ̵֮ȷ˵кŮڽѧѧҲΪŮ뵽ξƸû뵽ȻѾǰʶССĹ˾湤
뵽ݣξͿƲסѪڡ
֪ξʲôһۣȣƲһҪϻȥϰģйϰ
ξɫɫƳ˿ȣ촽ûϵģϰ໹ϢοƵʱҲûʲôԷܿеġ
һ˵һξƷ˽γ
ҲҪȥϰѽΪǹôвԤľϯҪȥǰźͳЭġ㣬¾֪椣
Щζ
ɾԩˣ㲻ҲҸոհһ¡
ߣ
û뵽ŮҪ˻ξơ
С˻ǰ˹ϵⱾһֱݵ飬˳˫κһ֪ͬŮǰҲһֱһĸݣȻھƵϰ࣬Щһֱرִδ˭ʲôš
ҹķݣ̫ͻȻȻЩܲˣʵѾǰòܣֻϣξƱǵĹϵȥҲӦξƵˣǰĲƻļͥ
ڣŮѾξøУԺŮǰԴκŮ棬ССƺ˶ɡʱŮеĻɡ
ξƿۺӾüչ̣ʲôأǲǵһǵĹϵССİɣҼȻӦ;Բʧ㡣
޽ǵķ˿̧ͷһۣ̾ҲǵССѾɡ
Ŷʲôˣ
Ȼû˵ҿĳ⺢Ȼ࣬ȴǳУǼͥ򵥣ûгʲôõټھƵϰ࣬⼸ֺٺְһüı仯Ͳ˼롣
ȷڿɱǰƯˣˮģǺǡ
̵ξһۣ㻹Ȥҡ
ʵʵ˵̵ȷǰƯˣ˲֪ģԲѾһʮ꺢ӵĸףʮĻٸ

Ҳģǻɣûзʲô
㣬ĸ׵ȫܻˡ
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֪Ů˾ϲСƢû㵱ˣҪʲôҲ˵Ǿͳˡ
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ȥģʲô
ģҾԲ˵ִһ֪ģô˵ҲͬˣͨȽϷ㣬ûиҡ
ɱ˵ѽ
ᣬҾȥ̽һ£ǳˣɷϵô
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ô
ôְ
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˵ƺʮߣҵȻЭڽ֮ǰҾ˵ϲҵҪңͱҵĹҪǽܲˣ̸
ŶΪʲôҵϲأĪʲôԵʲɣ
ξЦЦ
ųĸ¥ã̺þû˵СʱɣϲƯ·ǸΩҵ㲻֪Ǹʱжô񣬾ΪҺ͸ĸַˣҲƲңΪŮġ
Ǹ˶ҵƫأ
Ҹĸڲ֮еңѾһֱ֤ҲˣҪȻô޸һģǾǲңôҲΪ֧ҵĹȴΪ˵λͬµĻҡ
̧ͷξƣϦ˵ôƯŮҪºĻɽֻϸ̫̫ˣΪʲôǾǲңǻңô
㡣
Ȼûа취ᣬʹε֮Уܶĵʹࡣ
̧ͷ˲۽ǵˮ˵ͲΪССˡ
ССʱҲô
СССվߣңҲңμ㲻֪ϦССҵҵʱû񿴹ҡ
Բ𣡡
Ĵ
̳̾һôˣҲ࣬ҪɾͻɰɣҺαΪЩɵ˻š
ôͶˡ
ССô죬ĺ°ܰЩСС˵𣿡
ССġ
ξͻȻͣ³̵֣̽㣬ССһʹΣ뿪ģһġ
֪ΪʲôξƴʱͻȻһĪİοͰȫУƺƯҵЩûиκ˵Ҳ֪Ϊʲô˵Ǹ֮󣬾ѾԼˡ
ȻȻ٣Լ޷˵İţ
ĵͷţһǰ⣬ΪӵһĪţֻҪСŮˣΪκ鵣ǡ
ξŮ˵׼˼֪ҪȻһ۵ģȥ֮ϰ࣬ĵģʲôҪ롣
ξŮ˵׼˼֪ҪȻһ۵ģȥ֮ϰ࣬ĵģʲôҪ롣
ţ
ξЦˣתſڿ̵ĺ촽һʱ˳ӭС࣬ξƵʱܵĪ㣬ֱʳ˳һǣŷֿ
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ûжͷ򿪳ű˸ʻλŮʱξˣʱѾȫϵξϣξƾ뱲ǰΪϲҵƴĸ˲֧ܾ˰뱲ӵĻɺӣδõ֧֡
֧ϣ˲ǰδеҸ;ȻŮɣţǰ˾Կ԰һ⣬Ϊϸܵǰδеš
ҹ-ͱ
ԼǸʦظû׬ǮһһĳƢע⣬ڴܼҲǸټ϶սⱲӾʹûеõ㣬ټ϶˳ʱ࣬ƻͣһõʳ֪ζﻹ͵סį
⼸ҹҹҹ-㲡һξƣȻе⾪ţھ֮ȴҲһ˿¶ֻϣȥַռ
Ů˾ķǣҪȴڲỹһĮͲ֪߶Ľߡ
ŮȴŲξƣǸ߰Ůˣϲζһʻλʱξ§ڻ̰̣ˡ
ᣬһ˼Ұ̣һ˼̽㣬ֽ˼̰̣˼ҵʲôѽ
Եһ±ξƱڻ
ξƺǺһЦ˵ʲôأ
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ξһۣ㽿ߵĵףˡξ̧°ͣĦ촽ȻҵŮˣ
ڴ·أ
ξƳۣи԰һתȥ԰
Ҫȥϰأ
޽ǵķ˿תӽߵȻ֪ξƴʲô⡣
һʲôϵǺò׶һᣬȥҪֱӸҶܾ绰˵˵
𣡡
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ǴӦҿٺ٣߰ɣ
ξƲɷ˵³ȥԱߵɽ԰ȥȻģһҵ֣һǹҵ԰֣ξͣĵطһ԰ſڵ·ϡ
ʱһңȻҵضΣ԰ȴûʲôˣ˶ۼһߣʱ乫԰ġ
ҪôϳܣҪôɢ
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ڷ֮дʲôﶬǶŮ˵Ĵ£Ȼǵ̵խȹ˿࣬߸ȣЩΧʵʵֱȹף·˫ȡ
Ǻǡ
˵˵ЦЦξƴ󷽷§ŷ߽˹԰ȻЩӦһ뵽˴ҲʶİξƵĸ첲
Ůһɫ£һɫ°խȹȹڸڵϥһ룬-ͷ--Բ--ηˡ
ȹ»Բ޳ķ--Ȱɫˮ˿࣬һ˫ںڷļͷϸ߸Ĳ-еĽ-壬ʵա
һһЦ޲¶Ȼ˵ķ顣
Ȼ·˲࣬һ·߹Ѿв͵͵ںβ棬м۾С꣬͵Ťڵķ--Σһ˫Ķ-ȡ
رŤ֮䣬ȹǰĴŷ--Ρ
ξҧ̵ĶС˵һ䣬ĻͷһЩ˶ʱŵƳĿ⣬ᣬΪ˼Ҷôɫ𣡡
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İȥˣֻһһձԷһ棬죬ּͺѩϵôãԲŸȤһʡ
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ξһ⻰֪˼ˣĴӱ§̣һ˫֣òĦף̽㣬ģⱲӾԲḺģξȻ쵰ԼϲŮ˾Ըҷġ
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ʱ˸պߵʯϣξƱ̿ڻߡ峺ĺˮȥС㡣ȻһһȻ-еŮˣҲӦŮ˷--õڿϣĴкͽεȶʱξԳ
̶ʱɫһ죬̧Ƴһۡ
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߳ξƾôѼƼɳ´档ǹȻļƼġ
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Ů˲̧ͷӭξƵĿ⣬ʱ죬ȣûв´Ӧþǽȫɣ

ξ˼ƣ߰ɣǵֳ




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ŮһɫխȹİɫСװǼƵʣʵ쵰̷ŨüۣЩཱུģȴʮԲŮˣü֪ʢ
Ů˲̧ͷӭξƵĿ⣬ʱ죬𣬡ûв´Ӧþǽȫɣ

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ǺһЦԼȻǸˣó·һһ׺ɫ°խȹ䣬ɴװ֣᲻̫ѽ
ɫһ죬ɬ
᲻ᣬոպãɫޣһعĸо·Ů˴ˡ
һ񾯲죬ֲǹ󸾣¶ǵ·ʲ̣ЦҪɿˣЦ
ңǲҪˡ裬ǴҿģֲǴģ˵۹⣬ֻҪϲͳ𡣡

ĥӲ˺һӣǴӦˣҪ³ȥȣûκΣֻ̼ʣԹԵ³Ⱥ
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544

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