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18꣬ͽ˶ѧδŮѣѧҵɼϣ˶ɼܳϼͥĸӪ̾Ӫ̣ûвΪк棬ԾϰA鼰AƬ 
Ҷ18꣬ͨ33B2434ӿɰѧδѣͬϼͥĸͬӪ̣չԼѧҵɼ죬ʮھӣ춰ĸĸ⣬Զչ 
ӱʫ18꣬ĳڣ35C2534ƯδйʶѣϼͥжŮ㼯ǧ谮һ   




    01 

·ĳУҶһͬOKμӰһŮͬѧӱʫջᣬӱʫǰϳŮټ35C2534ԣջкܶ˲μӡ 
ջϳʱ򣬵ȡƺͿʼı䣬ǳʱֻӱʫȣ˶һ⣬ÿ˶о⡣ 
ǳž㿪ʼֽϷǲǺӱʫҶˣΪǾҶ˳˫ԣ˼ϣͷϷ֤ʵ¡ 
ҲѹҶͬѧΪҶСʶھͬѧһѧѧټҶֳչʳԾϡ 
ֽϷʱֻ˱ƻ򳪸ͷϷǲǶҶϷŪǣҶغϣܲغսܣҪҶǣȺڵѹεֻǵشһҶдĸоҶ˶ûеĸоҶоֹ֣˴ŶԷҶͨ죬ֱ˽ǣҶγѼϷ 
غٴսܣǸҪȥŪҶ鷿ҶȻԣе֪ǺãΪҶŮѣҶŮҲṫݸǿֻӱ⡰ͷԺѱƾ׾ݣ벻취 
ʱһϹ˵Уǲǲѽ 
ܾƾӰ죬˵˭˵Ҳң㿴һһҶ˫ҶزȥҶȻϾͷ˫ֻأҶŵ˵У㡭 
Ҷû˵꣬˫֣Ҷմǳɫţжȹ˫ֱʱ֣˵ֻһ£ 
Ҷ˵֣ͣ㲻֣ͣԺ󶼲㣡һͣ 
ڳ˾ͽУŵ򡭹 
˵Ʋ£׽Ҷ˫֣ȥҶ˫飬һδԵ壬ȻҶ˫鲢ʮַ͸оʮ 
ʱҶ˫ѿ֣һƴϣϱºӡѾ֪Ҷ˼ǰҶϴڳĸ˸Ӱŵôһ 
Ǻӱʫ龰˵ҶؼϢڽ˺󣬸˱ȥ 
ҶھڿOK˱һлؼңһֱҶ󣬱ּߵľ벻һҶ⵽;·עǣҶϵĺӡӣ븽Ĺ԰Ҷ˵㵽ϴ棬ϵĺӡ˲ŷңⱻ۸㣡 
ͻȻҶǰ˵ԲǰˣƲסԼԭҺòãǧҪң 
԰Ȼžһ˫һԵ£ҶΪⱻ˿ΪΣͲҪҶԭҶ㸩˵ðɣ´Σ 
һ֪Ҷԭδȫվ̧ͷʱ͸պҶһ˫촽ϣ˲ȻڿOKĴĸоҶͻȻһŪͨ죬оͼʱҶرƯ 
Ҷ԰İҶ뷴ֲ֪ߣһֱߵ԰һһѵССƹ谵ѿȥ 
Ҷס˫ȥҶܿѱסҶƿйܣֻ÷ͷ˿ĳݷ죬ͷֱ룬ŪҶ⣬Ҷ˫ܵѹţܣֻŪ 
Ҷһ԰ӵǻͷһ⣬ֻҪѣ 
Ҷ˶һܵؽӴԣǿҶҶͣ˶е 
춷ſҶ˫ҶԶԣٴӵҶʱҶֵסͣҶ˵ղŵľ͵һƵĵǸɣ 
ȴûлشҶֱ֣ǺĽҶһĴ 
ĶᣬҶֻ֣촽˱µĶҶŷȴͷȹҶΪѣԥ䣬ľ 
RĽ߽⣬Ҷһһ£ͷ˫ڳҺ鲻ԽĿУ˱ԼҺҲ˹ȥȲؽӭ̽Լеʪͷ˽ʪ 
ҶǵϢңֻҶƨţҶţжȹرרηϣҶѹҡ֦һ˫鷿ĥǰ 
ϷſҶ죬Ҷؿ鲻ֽͣϸߣҶҸ£ҪٽһַʱҶĽƿ˵Ҫˣ 
ҲеͰϰ£ͻȻʹУʮָҪҸɦţ˵ 
ҶۡЦȴģҶĸԸĺţüӲޱȣ屧סҶϻѹҶͦزҶ۵ͷҶˣ 
ҶĶ˫ֽ⿪Ҷ¿ۣҶûٷֻץļ½ťۣҶеؿһ㼱æ˫Ҫأȴ类ִס֣ץȥҶ鷿Ҷţʹһ㡭 
಻İ˶ŪʹǿʼҶĴŪҶϸϸ󣬶ÿһ󣬾ʹһǿҵĴУֱ͸ҶÿһԸ񾭣˿̵ҶСѨѷĳ֣ˮԴԴ֮䡣 
ҶֻܷѽѽȻȥӦȴҪʱʼҶľȥء¸ҶţжȹĴȡ 
ֽҶţжȹڣɴڲ֮䣬Ҷڿʪ͸ȥҶȹӣҶߵͨ죬֪Լĵzܱ˷֡ 
ȻǵһӴԣAƬAڣ֪Ҷѿʼ飬ѧAƬϵڿʼҶСڿСѨҶȷʮΪ飬˵Сͣ 
ǵûͣʼСڿ£ֱСѨȫ¶ǰֱҶСѨϣҶֻ޵ͷֻ˵ͣʱŪҶˣʹˮԴԴ 
Ϊ˷ж㽫ҶСڿȫ£ҶȻԸɼãؽΪر񣬻ſСѨ͵ǰܵŬΪСѨ 
ҶеҪһεĸ߳ʱͻȻͣеһ飬ܿеһӲĶСѨĥԭ֪ʱĴγҶСѨĥ 
ʹҶͣˮĴϣٽһжʱҶ֪ܻʧȥ֮սʤְСѨϣֹĴټǰ˵Уͣ֡һǡŮĺҡ֡㡭 
˼˵Բ𣡡ٽҶסǣỬ׽ĴǺֲܻͣŪСܵܣĴøӲȥأŪͷǻһαʵ̫̼ˡͣŪ£δܷ䡣 
ʱ˵ְң䲻ÿںòã㲻Ը˰ɣ 
ҶδлشڵϣСĴ̧ͷĿཻ΢΢ſС죬ѴС 
ƳصͺһҶԼŪôټӣС죬ǻһ˷ܵĻ档 
ֻҶסָ꣬סҶⷽļɣʮӲ˵ʮѵá 
ţúܺãõ㷢ֻҶǰζԴû˳ȻΪűҲΪڲ㣬ȼڵĻ棬޷ڵȡ 
ҶһֿΪһԼ䣬ŪŻ¶ˮ۵ָšõǿ״ 
ˡҿҪˡ춿쵽ԵγҪˡ 
ȻҶ˵ֿڱø𾢣֪Ҫʱγһεķ䣬ҶĿǻġҶڵľҺ³Żվ 
ȵذӵ뻳ʱҶٴƿֽϸĵĸ࣬Ҷ㴩ԼСڿ㣬ȥ԰ϴּ䣬ûк˵һ˵ 
ҶϴּҶʱ棬ҶϳεɫͷԼ߿˵ǡ߰ɣ 
Ҷһͬ뿪԰зңʵﶼֵ飬֪ԷɷչȥΪ£˶±Էܾһ·δ˵κ˵ 
ι԰﷢¼Ҷ˵κ˵ѧͷѧԶУ˵ǱܿԷͬѧΪΪOKڵ¼ִʵҶµǲ֪Է⡣ 
ֱһ죬ڴõĵݴҶȻԷ˵µõʧĴ𰸡˲ãݵˣǱһͬ¥ 
ʱҶϵУȻοҶģܾرƯ 
ݺܿ͵ǱһͬݣžһȥԼȵԼţȻͰӣͬʱͬҶ˵ټͬһʱ䣬Ҷȡ׼ţһ֮ĸĸҪȥҪҹŷʹȡ׿ţ˺ܾҲҲʱż𣬽ʱ޴ףʱҶոտţͺ񲻺˼תͷǲ޴ѽ 
˵ǣ 
˵ҼңͲĸңòãʱȻ޳ɣ͸ݡ 
ݺ֪Ǻãæ𣿡ҶͻȻ 
ϵѽС԰Բ𡭡µ˵ 
СɫҶЦЦϸϸ˵ 
Ҳѹ֡ϵˡ֪ûйϷŪҶҶŭĿƴƽҶסһǣҶʱͨ죬ƿ 
Ҷˮ𣿡 
ȻӦ͵Ȼ˵ѽ 
Ҷȥȡˮһ޸һ޸ԼȻ棬ʱٿҶӿɰȻʮַʤ̬⣬ֹԿڰɫУȹֵİɫ֣֮˫ɶԽŴ󲿷ݶչֳȻߣ˫ŲֳʱҶ˵ҪҪµͲĸ 
˵ʱӦȸսµҲûãְֺʱ 
Ҷ˵ǵعҪٹŷüҿΣ԰ɣ 
Ǳ㿪ʼҿΣʮģʱҶҶûֹҶûֹ鷿У鷿ϸ 
Ҷ̲סƿ֣ûйʵҶСѨѿʼʪ֪״̬ 
ǽҿúҶ㵽ʼŪͣҲ͸ҶֹֻڲԵţҶŪͺ˿ʼʳʱҶС޵ĸо 
Ҷʰв;ڿ͵ӽĿʱҲʱҶҶԸʹһܰĸо 
ӺҶĺ󾱿ʼǣ˵ɲŮѣ 
Ҷûлشûֹǣ˵ɲɸһ𸲣 
Ҷ˵Сɫûоܾ㣡֪ҶӦŮѣ㻶ϲҶٽһתҪߣú棬Ǽ⼸ҪԵǼ⣬ˡ 
סϸϸĶţ˫ۣҿȥҶоһȴԼС죬һ˫Ȳ㶼ˡĽ§סǵʧȥĻꡣͷ׵ߵ˫ݣයŪҶ鷿ţٵţζӦ 
Ҷ˫۲ʲôʱѾĲӣϰš 
춣ǴֿơֱҶգ˵ǵ㷿òã 
ҶͷϷţһһ˫ƵţҶеסѣֻֽ֫εΪΪ֪ѾⷴӷҶǵڴϣִ󵨵ǰ١ 
Ҷ֪ӦҪƾܲŶԣȴֲסĿУŤˡһЧǵôߣָ͵͵Ľ⿪ҶУťۣħƼ룬ץұ鷿Ҷزȴû뵽Ū鷿̶ֳȡ 
ϸ۷ףִԣһղȫְѹţּ⿪ťۡҶÿˡҪַֹȴֵǿĴк 
һѾУȫ⿪¶ѩһ׵Ҷס˫֣˵ҪУҪһʱ̣ʱֹͣϵĶӵҶϧաҶߵýĻָͷᰴͷλãʹ֣ҲԸоһСͻͻģ˷Ӳͦ 
ֻҶԴһֻظƣʱʱģһ뵽棬ֱŪҶ̾Ĳϡ 
֣Ҷظĳǰ˫ԱߵĴɫǣ̰ıǰ⡣Ҷ鷿Բְ𪶯ˣԡ 
ֻеһĨۺ죬ͷССģſڱ㺬סһ˱£ٰòҶ龳ҲѳֲסšҪСŹĹҡôѽš 
ҧᣬҶϡһ㡭Ҷǲ壬ŵУҶһСɵĵǿ㣬˿ʵĲԵʪգʳָһ̽һȻ𤻬ˮ緺ĳ֡ 
ҶԼ˵ܣæҪֹȴħָ˳죬˳ʪĸԴ 
Ҷһʱ֮ȫ׹ףֻ׸ķݣҸйĲͬĿУͣ¶ҪֹͣҳһƬˡΪҶƺˣûֹͣ˫˱ŪִݵĽԼϵ˾⣬ٳҶСڿ㣬˱ӵһ 
Ҷ˵ζϵҪԾȫ˵գֻķ߽šѽ 
ԼĲţӣһĴȿ絽Źϣذš 
һӲĴ󼦰ȻĶСѨڣʵҶʲѨĥֻУ㲻Ťƨ 
Ҷɧģ治 
ҶŲԸش𣬽˫ۣС졣Ū˵˵ĻҾҪͣŶ 
˵ֹͣĥҶˣæڶѰߣ˵Ҫͣ 
һϹ 
ϹɵĽˡ 
ĽŻѨڣٴĥһŽͷ̽СѨ֮УҶֱۣ¶ɵɵ΢Цһģ 
ûʹ࣬һͦͷѾȫѨ֮С 
ʹҶüͷһ¡ 
֪ʱܰ;ϣģȻһһͽڽڱƽҶʹֱţȴֹ룬ùͷʵѨģѾȫףͣ¶ 
Ҷ޵棬޺޵˵˼ҽϹȴһҲңҺʹ 
ĺܱǸ˵Բ𡭣ô᲻㣬ģʹọ̈ϾͺˣСס 
˭ףֻ۸ҡ 
ֽģ̲סȥĴҶԶСӦ§һĲһ 
֪ôʱʼͣҶѾûʹָ࣬ı顣 
ϹŶŶ 
𽥼ӿٶȣҲѳܵˡ 
ѽšôᡭôӡֶġȥˡϹ 
Ҷ£ĪǰδйоҪֱ졣ڳ鶯֮䣬оůյţСѨˮ󣬸жʮ㣬Ҳ˷ܲѣϵҶС졢ѡպѩ׵ĲӣҶܵԼ˫ֽ§øܡ 
Ҷˮֶֻÿһιͷ˳СѨʱܻδһ̲һѾ飬ǬȡҶķε£ȿԵҶѨ˳ˮû뵽ŸտҶɧˮô࣬ͷŴѨÿһ͡աһҶҲѽһУü£Ҳ޷ȥݳͲػؾס 
ҶøߺͻˮĽһĿϮͷܲ˴ߵĽͶ춱߷塣 
ġ⡭ôˡˡҪˡҿˡϡҡá 
ӹͷ˸оҶСѨ󷢲ɧˮͣě_еı鶼ˣѾⱲӵһεĸ߳ͣ¶ȻСѨҧҶĶʣţҶȫǿۻȴش𲻳ˡ 
ϢƨĵֳͦҶҪȴҲ˲ֻġϹ¿СѨϾһʹʱʱĵٶȣ˫ҲŪתҶʹע 
ҶָɧˣƨͦŤСšߡšŶŶϹ 
֪ʱҪʲô͵Ĵ䣬ĽҶСѨܵˣСѨֽСʱĸΪͣסԼͷľѶţѾ˲ó־óǿˣͺȻǣ˽ҪĹؿڡ 
Ҷ֪ѾҪ군ˣֻѨеĴȵһҲסͳ󣬲Լԣ޲ǬѨĲ崩˺Ϲ㡭ҡˡŶҡˡŶҪɡˡŶҪһɣɴɵȫҶ 
Ҷһһ_ֱĵסһѣɧˮַ׷׳ͬʱ߳Ѫ档㣬§ǵģѷᡣҶһνġˣǲԸ뿪˺ʵĻãǲַֿ 
Ҷ˵СɫЩǴѧǲǵһΣ۸˼ң 
˵ǴA鼰AƬѧ 
Ҷ˵ҾͲţ۸˼ң 
˵ղźܣ۸Ҷһʱͨ켰Ҫ򣬵ȴҶĴŪҶ춽š 
ǾͳһϢڲ֪˯ˣʱҹеĴеƹ⣬Ÿĸѷңǣ˯ԵҶ𴲴·׼ңҶ໻ϱȥȥʱʰҶǺȥ 
Ҷ֮˱ܵϣԴ֮;ҶļϰҿΣʵǽ׽Ҷϰʱʮ棬ûҶĴȡأǽǣȻϰ꼰ʱҪõɼΪҶĽ 
ڰѧҵɼ٣Ҷͬеãģõ33B- 24- 3434C- 24- 34ʹ١




02ı 

һϣԼں¥ݵʱͻȻ˴ӺסͷһǰһסTҶתҶţҶĴգڻӵԲҶоȫ 
ֱҶߣеҶûд£Ϊ֤ʵҶǰָеҶ鷿ϵͷӲ˼ͻҶҺ졢촽ţᴭְͷȥĿá 
ظ鷿һֽҶTڣʱѵ㣬ס˫˵Ҫ˼ССЩ˵ 
˵ǲ絽̨˵Ҷ̨ 
̨ʮ徲סĴ¥ߵģܵĹۿڵҹ˵㲻²ɫ𣿡һ˵һ潫Ҷӵڻ 
ҶЦ˵СɫŤĶ䡣 
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Ҷѿվǰ˵㿴ôˣ 
ôı䣬Ա𲻳ҶЩ˵Щطˣ㿴 
һжʱһ˵ʱ֣ 
Ҷ˵һ£ 
˵ǡһᡭģ 
Ҷ˵㵱ȻҪ𣡡 
˵ʱ㸸ĸ˵ 
ҶĪ˵˵ôҸŪزˣȫܺҸĸ˵ȫ𲻳 
ԭΪҶ˺ӣ֪ᣬзŴͷʯĸоҶ׷£ʵ˵ 
Ҷ˵ԭһ㶼ע˼ңһȥ£ 
ǰ˵ûأǰһ֪ûд£ 
Ҷ˵СɫԲģָĶͷ 
վӵҶ˵㲻Ҫȥ£Ժ֤һʱ̶㣬 
Ҷ˵ô 
˵֪ز˶٣ 
ҶһĶͷ˵ԲģҲ˵ 
˵㲻˵ҾԼ^. ˵Ҷض 
Ҷ֪в鷿˵㣬ǰ33B34C 
һ鷿һ˵Ƿ˲٣ 
Ҷ˵㻹 
˵أԺҪĸı䣡 
˫ҶT渧ظ¡Բɽ壬̲סŪҶƿ˵¸˼ҿ 
˵Ҳ±˼ҿҪŪ㡣˵׷̨׷šͻȻҶ˫ҵʱСİTһ¶һ˫ѩ׵鷿ġͨͨţ˫һָҶˡ 
Ҷܵˮǰ棬Ŷ׽ż˵Сɫ롭˵ȥҶ˫˵ȥҶܵ 
ǾˮԱҵţְָҶڿסҶҪͷȥŪͷмܲסûֹĵڿ㳶һڵϣ۰׵Բƨȫ¶˳ 
ȥҶϵë֮䣬˽ָƬѾϸˮˣָʹһȦͻ˽ȥһһͷС﷭ţƣҶŪ߻겻ǣ۾ 
һվҶһ߱ưƵˮߣȫİһּСѨʹţһ־Ҷ۰׵Բƨϸ 
Ҷǽ§˫־ͿʼƵԸǷ鷿TֻѵĲϡûд£Բְ׵鷿ȫ¶ɬסظã鷿εø󡢸ˡ 
ʼҸ¸Բ۵鷿Ҷ鷿ɵһۿʼǳԲѣΪʵ̫Ư 
TѵҶʱȫһ˿ң˵ԽԽˣֵطҲ˼ҿҶҪˡŪ鷿ֽ־˵˿˵͵ɱϷɡҶҪͱܿӦֽţһ˷ܵر鷿ѹϡ 
ŵڵϣҲԹȥŪҶ鷿۵鷿Բ⣬һŪһҪȥͷŪҶš 
Ҷתţһ鷿ǻȥӺһ鷿ҶѾֹԵƣԲ۵ƨɸָ水СѨϣȻһѽؽһζûֵ֧Ĵ鷿ҲŻζ 
ҶвָĹƣָسţˮյմԲԲƨϡҶٵĴϢʹ͸ſԷȥƨ̵øߡ 
ҶͮͮǿɰˡٺҶٳڰСҶĺ󾱡ƨСѨҶСѨŪˮԴԴ 
żǣ·ȡĴҶıĩ˻Ȼʪܵϣһͷ棬ҶֻܴӱǼ䡰Ϣ 
ʹƨɺ棬ʼѴȥҶּ춣ˣȫāУ֮ңȻֵǣ¶̨ȴԻļͲеʱֵĲԸ⣬ôôҲǻᡭ延ֵķӦ 
ҶúöˣΪȫѨʱѨ۶һðһ̲ˮͷ߰Ĳš 
Ȳĳȫǲһ飬ǿā죬ֱײHŪҶҡ㷢ɢƨɺ˫İζѣСıýͣеĿУоʮֺˬúҶ˫㵹רĵͷ 
Ҷ嵽ʱڵذϵļϳͦƨɾ̸ߣȥӭ³İγ롣Ҳαļţ׷ˮĵĴ飬Ѿȫ޷Ρ 
ҶҵķӦʮ⡣ 
ˬˬʡ 
Ҷûлشþĺݸ£һΣˬˬ 
šҶֻþʵԸ棺ˬ 
ˬͽа˵ 
Ҷ 
ȻѾҶͲٹҪҪˣŬ˽ţࡡࡡมáࡡιѽ 
ҶܵĪĹĶǳףÿһ¶ǳйҪٶͬ籩꣬üֱҪ۶ǰ㣬ҶȻҲԼƨɺ棬ƴƴʴǵģ 
ҶһֵַĬһԸHһԸHĴףԽսԽ£˴ˮơܵﶼֹȫֻǲͣڳ塭 
Ҷ¶˰࣬ƨͦҶ֭ͣȲϣĽ֮䣬ÿһ¶Ƶо񾭵ıԵ󣬴ըˡ 
ҶĽţûԼܽеôˡôֱ״䣬Բθ̣˺Ҳ߳ܵĸжֶ༤ 
áʹˡù񫰡ŶйŶйй˺ö࡭ˡˡԩѽŶŪŪŪûϵˡĻˡมม 
ҶһҵͬʱҡҶ߿Ҵ٣ɡĳͻȻֱֹͣһ֮ššü̾ϣҺһֻ͸ˮҡ 
ûˬץҶӲؽ°ԼҶϣֻȻҶһҲûԸ 
ҶƳѹĴϣ˫ȣýɵԲգ׶ҡüֽʵƨɵȵ̬߼ֱҪˣظǱѩѩʹ 
ࡡˡҶ󻵵ɫǡɫħ̬ࡡġ 
ҶܼϵȴʵĿǰԼǿˡûп飬ԵӭҶżͦƨɣɵ۴С 
ม졭ôม 
Ҷزϸϸš 
Ҷ𣺡Ŷɧɧһ 
Ҷƨɵ÷ɿ죬Լˬ÷ֲԽԽ飬ĻҲԽˡ 
ŶҪˡѽԡԡมҪ˼Ҹҡҡ 
ҶѾ˵ľӣֻܲͣġУüҪֲסһеҲͬʱͦÿּһԵľء 
ҪˡҶ˵ϹϹѽ 
̲סЦԸţ 
ҶƨȴҲûͣ˵ࡡϹϹһ˼ҡˡŶŶ 
ͻȻû׵ģͷǣᣬһŨ̲סĿҶĶϣҶͬʱ߳ 
รţˡ˵ 
ϹҶʵҺ 
Ҷһ԰Ҷµϡ 
ţЦʣоòá 
Ҷߣ㡭ǿһʸоòã 
ղ㲻ǱҼúˬ׿Ҳ˵˵ 
ҶŤֻúο·Լһȥ֣ǲػؼҡ 
˵ڶ죬ǵzϲ뱻˷֣ԼҶ춽ֿڵĿ͵档 
˲ãҶһɫصVıģؿһ鹵һǳɫĶȹĸоʮԸУ۷ֱˮֱ 
Ҷִûúþ͵ϣҶŸȥͷּ߹ˣһɰķۺɫСڿ¶˳Խȥ¶Խ࣬ҶȻûвѸͣڿ㣬ĴСѨȥֻĻѲ 
Ҷʣ㿴ô 
µ˵ûСûСȻ۷ֱƨɡ 
ҶʱŷͼǺĸƻһ㺦ߵ˵ᣡʲôڣ⸶Уˣ˵תߣϽס֣ҶһסᴷҶʱ˫һȻҶĶͷһ˵ԭ𣡡 
ƿûлش͵꣬ת˵㲻ҳͣǰҶ͵ȥ 
ùͺ󣬱㵽һ̳֣ǣֵһΣһҹģİٻ˾ҹ䣬ž͵²Ҷͣ˵£ 
ҲûԣҶ˵ϲҴʲôʽ 
ϸѡһǳɫ޼˿¶ҲϷǳıҶ˵ðɣ᲻¶ 
˵㻹Ǵ𡭡 
Ҷȥ¼ԴһҶǿһС죬Ҫȥȥһ 
´Ҷʵ̫ˣ²ʵ̫Ҷ۵Сͷһڿ״ͿԼҶϡĳë̲סıסһ£鷿 
Ҷ˵¸ŪͲˣ 
Ц˵¾ͺˣҶһ£˵ȥ˵Ͱ˳ȥ 
Ҷͽȥʱˣǹ̨С㻹˵С㣡ҸѻԸ£ˣ˵ʱҶһʮָ˱֡ 
뿪²ֵ̳磬ùźҶȥ棬ѡͶǮȥ棬һֱһ¾ͽԶԶ׵ͷҶֳҪ棬ֻøԱߣҶò 
Ҷģʱʮֵ޶ˣѹ˵ŮֿʼֵҶƣҶֻûӦΪ͸ˣĸ·ķ۵زһֻҶĶȹҶĴڲ࣬ܿؾҶ˫ȼ˽ܵشȻָʳָڿѹҶСѨҶĽҪŰŵĿģ޷нֹ֡ 
ʼҶҲǺҶĺʤʵںǿһҪսʤԲŸģ˫ֻǽס̣˿ĽħצҶ·Ե룬˫飬øֱֲҶ֣ס۷鷿оҶԽԽ̣Ҷ鷿ƸʮůҲͲ֪ıҶ̲סһ漴סڡ 
ҶһҲһܳû˻ּ鷿ʱָͷҶͷĴ̼ļͦ 
Ҷ˵УҺء㽫ƿҶ·һ£ѸٵϷ±˿ոյΪ 
ִ˵Ҫȥϴּһ£һͲͷˣһҲܽϴּ䣬ɨеӷͷһȥҶڻױǰȥһȥͱסЦ˵ǿڿˣ־Ҷȹȥ 
Ҷŵ˵Ҫˣܽʲô 
˵˼ô桭 
Ц˵ҰŸˣ 
Ҷཱུ˵Ǹ龫 
ħϻĸԲƨһһ˵Ҫ˵Ҳ𲻴ӦͽרõĲڡ 
Ҷż˵ 
ҶͰϣʼѵVıĺ֣ҶխȹʣٸСڿҲ£ҶСѨȫչ¶ǰѸٽͬĽǿһ£ǶȥҶزܴ󣬶ҷǳͦز߷ǳ൱˻ǷۺΡССӲͷ̲סǰȥһҶͷʮֵУһ̼ӲҶʼشϢţ۾õĸо 
ʱͽҶ˫һţֱͦͦҶѨһͣ£ҶѨУֻҶһมŬҶڲͣĳ鶯ţҶѨⲻϵĴеĽġ 
ҶţСҺϲมมҪͣ 
มมá 
Ҷ˳ܵĪĹ裬ĳţʵģǽҶʹϣŸҶȲϣĴ׼ѨҶ£СѨһֿҶͬʱมһ 
ҶŤţһһεַ£ҲûţǷ۵СƨɣһŪԲһŪ⡭żͷǵķ¶ͣҶͻ᲻ͣŤҡȫġ 
 
硭㻵ˡҡมҪͣ 
Ц˵ʲôһҲҡˡ 
ˡม 
ʱҶİдһ绰˵ҪҪӣ˫Ҷ۵鷿ֻҶ˵Уҡõ绰มû˵ʱͽ绰õǰˡ 
Ҷ绰˵ʫʲô¡ҲԼǵĶԻ 
ֻ绰ġʫ˵æ𣿡 
ʫûû¡ҶٰڶٶȣҪɵҶ˵ 
˵ôô 
ǲˣ 
ûʫڡˡҶأ˵Ҳû˶Ǿ벻ʲô˶ 
ʫݡѧ˵˵ͼĹҶˡ 
ιڸＱ 
绰һҶ˶ˣֻҲûúõڵϣſϣķ˫ǰĺĽǰһƣǷ۶˵˫飬ֻڶ˵ܻعңҪǱ֪ô죿һ˵ҶŬڶʡ 
ҶǸɧҪƵؿ鲻ֹҶͣ۵Ѩţһһڵ˱ͷ֪ҶˣҲٽ㣬ʱпܻᱬ壬ҶצٳġʮºҶСѨˮֱ_һɾҺҶСѨͬʱ߳һ 
߳ºҶѸٵ·뿪ϴּǰҶ̽ͷһûˣǱѸٵ뿪ٻ˾ 
ߵʱҶĸ˵ԺҲ׼ǵطǵط 
˵ԺҲᣡҪ𣿲Żؼң 
Ҷ˵ɣ 
˵Ҷٹһ󣬾һС͹ϺǱ;˽ؼҡ 
ǷҶļʱǰȥס˵ҽסòã 
Ҷһ˵ĺðɣܸ˵ร 
һźӵҶҵţ§Ҷϣ·°˽ȥķ۵鷿ִĲͣ࣬ĴҶزţ鷿ճɸ״ֽҶȹȵڲָ࣬ҶСڿʱĺԵıأ˫ҲеԶķֿһЩ 
ָԸоõСڿѨڵĲ֣ѾЩʪʪĸоˣҲûָڿıԵͷ̽׵ľҵصһԴĶڣӭָʪֻȵİҺһָûҶѨСšҶţָҶСѨֿڣŪҶڲʪܵģ̣̣ 
ͻȻҶֽƿ˵ղŻδŪ𣿲㣡Ҫȥϴ㲻͵รҶŹƤ˵űȡëԡȥ 
ʱĴֱӲ˵һϴ 
ҶЦ˵ãȵȡ־űԡţڿȡһ־֪Ǳ־ô;ƿԡźҶԡڴӰɫ͸ԡ奺̽ͷ˵ϴ裡 
˵㲻˵һϴ𣿡 
Ҷ˵ǣֻ˵һϴͰϣһ߿־һҲһ 
ֻϴ裬־ʱ־ֿ˶ัŮǵӾƬٷһҳʱǡܻӭطټϴԡ奵϶пҶμ񱳣ʹĴֱӲ 
Ҷûκζ˵ڸô 
µ˵ûС־ 
Ҷ˵㿴־ôһ 
˵ݺƵġ 
Ҷ˵ҲţøҿֻýǱ־Ҷϡ 
һҶ˵ƪرģǡܻӭط 
µ˵ǡ𡭡 
Ҷ˵ԭܻӭģ 
ڱ˵֪ 
Ҷ´½˵˵ 
Ҷԡָֻ˵λᣡ 
Ҷִԡָֻ˵ڶλǳ 
Ҷ˵µһλ𣿡 
˵Ҳ² 
Ҷ˵һλԡң˵ϲЩ찮 
ûκηӦ˵𣿡ҲûлӦͻȻԡ奱ȫ㣬ֱӲָ 
Ҷ˵ô֪ô 
ԡڱҶ˵ҪҾȻ𣡡 
Ҷ˵֣ͣ 
Ҷ۵㽿ߺ죬鲻ԽҶСһȻһʱԣԺſС죬ͷǡ 
ֿʼԽԽĴҶĴ̽ҶŤ壬˫赲Ҷ§ڻжҲ㲻û취춷ᱡࡣ 
Ҷ麬˱ҶĵأšҪҪϡԡſҶϴһ顣 
޼ɵŵĵţħָҶСѨ֣ҶŽߵסԼҪĲλֿܵͶʱҶСѨѿʼˮ鷿Ҷٵĺһһʵ 
˵뷿𣿡 
ʱҶ㽿ߵ˵á 
ҶϸĵĨǬӺ㽫Ҷ㣬ķ 
ǹڴϣͷһ˵Ҹһ¡ 
ҶĿ˵ 
ͷҶҲҪ 
ǿ㣡 
ǿǣ˼²ԸһСıߣڵ˫ֱϥЦţ˼ǿô졣 
´һ˻Ҷŵ۽УŻشϣű۱Χס˵Ӱ 
Ҷװӣţ㡭Źҡ 
УЦ˵Ѽôˣɣ 
Ҷ˫֓ҡͷ˵Һ° 
島ֱһȲĿ䣬Ūʹְ˽ŵĻҶв׼һʽǿ˵ɣûõģԹɣ 
ҶȻ⿹ţץס֣ƽգͷϾҧҶЦ 
ӴҶ˵ôҶû취ˣôأˣɣ 
ղҶŤ꣬ȻӲˣλãϣͻȻòףʵװģǿ㣬㲻ô׵ľͷ˰ɣ 
Ҷ޹˵ʲô취ôҲң㿴˼ҵ¶ʪˡ 
ʵҶ¹ȻˮһƬˣֱͦѨڡҶ˵˼ң˼Ҳûʲô취㡭ʲô 
ԭʼȥˡҶ˵⡭ӡҡȫûСŶŶô졭ҡŲ롭ءมม 
ԽԽӲͣ˵УҪ 
Ҷ˵ŶŶôҡáҷҷ 
Ҷķʽǿʼ֦ĳ壬ȫĒܻӭַ 
˵а 
ҶΪѵ˵ޡŻǡҪ 
ŬĶţ㡭Ȱ 
ȣ 
ǰԺ㣡顣 
ȡҶĺʮ΢ 
ûã⡣ 
ġҶ߽˭Ұ 
ˣ˵ 
˭ҰҶ˵ˡǿҡҡššڡҡˡҡášҡҡҺˡáˡˡ졭졭ҪˡˡˡŶŶˡˡ 
ҶȫڽдȣҲãϿ˺ҲһߵĲԡƩͿʼܲˣµİҶıǿӣĿУһ󼤶岻ܿƣ 
ҶֻСèƵķǰΪʵ̫ˣƲԼһ˯ˡ 
ڶϣŸո˯ѱоҶǰ΢΢Ťԭ§˯ֱ۹ŶˣֲŪǱĴΪ˯ѣĴȻø߸ߵͷϵ 
װ˯ҶȻȥĴСۣŪĴҪըΨƴ̣֪𣬻µŪ޿ˣһҶסҪӲϹһְСѨס˵Ҫ 
ָסǸĲͷĴô죿Ҷ˺һᣬ죬ߴÿںòãȻٽ޳ԹԵĴšĿڼĺܲ񣬵ѭѭ֮£ܿյؾˡС쵱СѨĳ壬̲סĿڱ 
סҶæ˵Ҷˣȥ͡ 
ףǲǲųԹձ𣿡˵ 
ҪˡҶ· 
ķſҶϴϴ·Ҷı䣬һ߳ţһЦţձ 
㳶ҶҪؼңҶЦһ¥ȥˡ
 



03    

ѧУܿһգѧѧУ׼յĿۿվüޣ˭֪ͬѧֻΪЩԲͬˣȫʰо֣ԣһڿյĿ﹤һlϰʱ࣬һʱҶڳ뻹ǿɱʱ⴫ĽŲֻһԼ˵У㿴ҸˡתͷһⲻҶ𣬿õı㵱ж˵ġʱĶѶĹ๾Ľˡ 
ʱѾ4ˣ仹ǺҶűİɫУȹĵʣ㴩ร 
Ҷ˵ 
ȥ˵̫жˣһͲˡ 
ҶЦĴ˵ٲԱ㵱Ҫˡ 
Ҷ˵ҶɽУ뻹ȳҹ£ҶԷɿٶûǱ㵱Ϳ챻ɨһգҶ̻ģеŵæֹ˵Ҳ㣬û˸ 
ȺȿҪȻȻҭ˾ͲˡһҶͷĵ˵أҿ϶õ˾ˡ 
벻ҶȻ˵ȻҪðô˵ǡҲЩϵ˵꽿ӵߵεεصͷɰ˵ģĴԾӲ 
§ҶСĴԼ˵ǸǸòã 
Ҷֵֻĵһ£ι̫รһԱʹҵĻ⡣ 
˵û𣡱ů˼ 
ҶЦĺܲõ˵ϣ㻹óม 
˵ʲôôҲǰ￪յĸˡ 
Ҷվ˵㿴ﱻŪôvûɶҪǱʦˡ 
û˵ͼɨѴɨˣ˵˵аֲֻһŪá 
ҶҸոնڵϵֽ˵˵㣡ⲻղŶ𡣡 
޻˵ֻüδĹҺҶһϹչȻ⿪ģΪԺİŮһ 
ǲרģԭܼΪԵҶİɫУȹУֳɫ֣ټУťǰԣУ϶иҶİ鷿 
ҶרĵعҶһַŵҶϥϣ٬ĸš 
Ҷûû·㣬ҶĬͿʼƶƣȹڲǻȥҶȶϸ˴˶ĺҲʮģȥͻϮҪݣֻȼ} 
ãŲӽҶȸûӴѾеһɼָ谭ʱһƬʪ 
ҶֻۣϷһƬϼȻ֪Լ˵ķӦ 
ǿ㣬ڷӯȥҶԹԵšСĽһȼܿ絽ԼϣҶŻŵô󿪣Ҷۿһ£ûˣֱ۾ 
ؿóףָǿţһӾ́ҶҶˮݷ棬ˮֻϾͽָʪ͸ϵıȴ¡ 
ָᴥҶн»ܿƬԶſˣøȥһЩҶѾʼѹƨʱٵһ£Ȼ൱̼ 
ָ˰죬ⲻȥ٣ֻΧȥҶҪȴҸҧüͷ֪ʳָһĨСѿ棬ද 
ҶҪгǴſ죬Ȼʧ˦ͷſڳҭѣ鷳ں棬ָһû谭˳ĲСѨˡҶϿ쓓죬·ָжҧҶ񾭣üȿּࡣ 
ôǿҵİҶǳŲ˶õģƨⲻͣѨǰָͦ御Ѿ˼ŬΪţҶһƵġǿҺ壬֪߳ˡ 
ֹͣʳָ䶯ָѨڣºĳʵҶڿϴ꣬۾ɧ̬ 
ȷźã˵˼仰ҶԳԵЦ 
ʱҶ˸۸˵Ҫȥһϴּ䣬ֵܿˡӰȥ 
ʮӹȥҶ̵ĽáʣϲҪôã 
Ҷ˵ȫǱŪġòǬ𣿡 
ʲôһҪʪ˵ 
Ҷһۣ˵࣡ѧУ㡭ԭոĶԸ˵ 
ļҶרĹʱ͵͵ﵽҶ£Ҷ˫ȣͷУȹ 
ҶŵĶ˻ͷƼ 
ҶȹڣĹ۲ſĴɫڿʪһƬϡϡëֳλϵΪ˫㣬͸࣬Ͳ¡ӣϾ˼ѡ 
ֽҶڿͷסҪҶԭȲϣşֻ̌ƨɣ˳Ľڿ£ǿȫ£ݸҶϿֽͷҶ䡣 
ͿĶҶʵòҶŨܵëۺɫССһٴӼз³µѨΪղŵһЩſԿѨ⣬Ѩڶˮķ֣һֻɫİӡ 
ͷѨҶˮɧɧȵģҶһ£ڴڵĳ 
ҶŪǽֲܣ㽫ƨǰŲ֮һøԽѨԵ 
ԽԽ㣬ͷȫҶ棬ҶҪѨ㽫ͷ䵱ͣĽֻ޷ٵĳ鶯ȻˣҶ»޴i飬˯ָ񫣬ԼѨǰ棬Ҫڻ˫Ļ˫ۣ͵͵̴ 
Ѩȥ۸СæµƣҲѪúͣܲѡţʳִָҶſڿţȻǿԣһٵĳ岻ͣ 
Ҷһӵɴ۾Ȼ˥ȫϣڣ˭ˬ˵ 
ĹңҶһһˮþƣߣθ߳׽ͷ˵ˡС١ġС 
ֹͣԼλҶѾ̱ڿϣҲһſϣ 
ҶЦ˵ˡ 
ʣ˹û 
ҶĴһ£Ҷ͵͵شСڿ㣬۾ϢϸĵĽȹӲŪã˸ͷҶȻ˯ˡ 
Щ֮ú׺󣬼Ҷ˯̬ŪԿ 
Ҷѹڿ뵽ԼĿ֣ϲ˵лл㡣 
ǽʰ׵뿪ʱҶ˵ȵңҪȥϴ 
˵Ҳϴɣ 
Ҷϸ˵ղŪҡ 
˵ɣ 
Ҷ˵ðɣֻȡ 
ǵŮʱֻҶС˵ԽԽء 
Ҷ֪ٴˣҲ˵ʲôӵ˵ֱıԻţҶˮĴ۾촽ӡ촽ϡһߴͷἷԸе˫ӣС΢§ҶŸܵҶ˫鶥ײĴ̼Ÿеޱȵů 
ҲֵȹȥҶΪϽûþַֿˣڴڲǻȥҶ˫ϸˣֻȼ}İָ谭ʱˮڿŪʪʳָСڿѹҶСѨҶ񴥵һȫһ£ȫ̱ᱡҪнȴʹָСڿĿţˮֻϾͽָʪ͸ָᴥҶн»ܿƬԶһһ 
ٸһʱľȻĽŲŵæ֣ҶǺߵö±˿ոյ̬ҶŮңǼδκζ̽ͷδκ˱㰲 
Ҷļ˵ιСˣ˶ˡ 
Ҷһ°Թ˵ˣ֪ûб˿ 
˵̫ˡ 
Ҷߣһĵ˵űЦһ 
һ߰ŹȡģҶһʼˣ᲻ʵڱ̲סۣһЦ˳ҶЦҲһЦһҶ˵Ц 
Ҷ˽ӵ°໥š 
ͻȻҶƿȲȥҶ˭֪һĻգգƤ˵ѽ׷ѽ 
ȼҰˣڸ׷Ҷû뵽Ҷô㣬˺ôһ򣬲Žס˵㻹ܵȥ 
Ҷ˵ɫǣ߿ҪȻҪม 
޼ɵֱǷԲĴץȥҶͻľٶŵķһƽǸŹ֣Ѿ񫣬Ҫúõһ˵ȵһˬ졭Цۣ 
Ҷװŵ˵ǿ 
ҶֻҶУǰť۽⿪ǰɫԸ޼˲¶״ֱֻסز˫֮ݵ鹵ˣ33Cֱ治ǸǵģƶܸԲִ֡ 
ȴĽҶһĴĶᣬҶֻ֣촽˱µĶҶŷȴͷȹҶΪѣԥ䣬ľ 
ҶǵϢңֻҶƨţرרηϣҶѹҡ֦һ˫鷿ĥǰ 
ϷſҶ죬Ҷؿ鲻ֽͣϸߣҶҸ£ҪٽһַʱҶĽƿ˵Ҫˣ 
ҶҲСߣеͰϰ£ͻȻʹУʮָҪҸɦţ˵ 
ҶۡЦɦţҶ㣬Цû࣬ԾɲŹϵҶ춽ĵڳϣȫƣ͸ƻ߶Ҷæҡ˵Ҫˡ 
ȴģҶĸԸĺţֻ쵽鷿ϣҶǷۼͦ˫ִۣŪˬҪҶҪס֣ 
ЦţҪס֣มǰʽ׵ؾͽ⿪İɫ޼˳һǰԲһƯ鷿ţۺɫͷΪ뱣һʱӴӲҶæ˫Ҫأȴ类ִס˵סͷȥҶģ⻵ˣԣšԡ 
Ҷ˫棬Ψһ󱣻ı顣 
һںסҶߵͷҶ͵͵ġšһöˣĸоһһͷš 
ֵҶ˫УȹȻ˫ȥֱڰ۵Ҷʹȹ˳ҶУȹһϣʱҶȫ¶˳ֽҶУȹĳҶȹˣϵ̧˫ţȥҲ˳ȥЬࡣ 
ӯҶûжãͷʵҶȫУ鷿ø֣Ҷ䡢СؿڡͲϺҵĿţĶ䣬ʱڶ˯qwҶͣɵɵĺķѾʪڿ㣬͸ˡ 
ָϵ󻬣վٸҶ˫ţҶһĸԸǿ㣬ҲûͣৡڿһµµȸȻѶϡ 
ҶããĿѿĳ㣬ʵߣֳڿ㣬ǸվҶĿ䣬ִϥѹҶĴȣķѨͻҶһʶҪˣָϿ콻ʮ㣬˫ֵĴڣ͵ֱֵѹһѹҶţѹ˱ѹҶ־ͲƿһС죬պ¶ѨڣжѸ٣ϰѴҶ 
ššҶܲϵķӦĺ 
Ĵûܵʲôӣ˳һͦȫû 
ŶŶҶֺߡ 
ų鶯£ůֽʣɣ 
Ҷôش 
ף˵ӿٶȡ 
ŶŶҶܲˡ 
ң治ʡ 
桭Ҷ˵ 
˵һΣ治 
ŶҶش 
أֲøˡ 
Ҷش 
ΪʲôҪͣ´λҲң 
ˡŶúŶ 
и磡š 
Ŷ硭ø硭и硭Ҷˡ 
Ϲ 
ϹϹҶֽС 
˵˵ҪϹ 
ŶŶҡҪϹҡҡϹ찡ҶӦܲǷᴫȥ档 
Ϲˬˬ 
ˬˬˬˡ 
Ϲʡ 
ˡҶѾûĻˡ 
ʲôʡ 
ҶһΣϹʲô 
󡭴ˡСĿռҼˣʲô˵ڣϹĴҡҡ졭ϹͣҪˡϹһ㡭ԡԡˡ 
ŶҶɧˮ絽档 
Ҷϸϸᴭӭϣһ˫ѩ޳Ⱥ޹ǡּͦУɬšҶϸ۵ʳָ۵΢΢һеģ˷ܼˡ 
ҶȡЦֻĺߡšš 
Ҷѩ׵ƵƵͦѨⲻͣ䶯Ҷо̲סʧеСˡ 
ҶѨһʪȣһɹ̵ճֳֻҺҶ̱ڳϣϢһ͹ĽҶ߳䶯ĸоΪԣʱҲܲסˣҶСѨʮֽܣʱĸΪͷqܱǣҶоҵͣͳ󣬲ȫ˵Сˡͣҡ̵Ҷôһ̴ͷĵסģҶеһѣˮɽͬʱ߳ 
ҶڳϡɬҶһ˵ܻأ۸ҡ 
˵˼һʱ̲סԺ󲻸 
˵ḧҶβŪǶԱĽ飬Ҷһ˵˵˵̲ס㿴ˡ 
Ҷ§ããһΣ 
Ҷ̾һˣʵûҪȥϴ 
ҶӵĹȡԡҺë󣬱ȥԡϴʱҶȻо˱ͣţͷһ˾ȻҶתѹŰϲͣĿҶҶƴ 
Ҷ˵ܻأˡ 
Ļش˵Ҫϴ 
Ҷһ˵û취 
ˮͷ嶼ʪҶԡͿĨп@壬Ҳԡ׼ͿĨһҶȴֹЦĲãҰĨ 
Ҷֱ˵Ĩ𣡡 
Ҷ˵Ϲ𡭡Ҷ§ͣŤŪĭⷨӿĳ 
оǰŷ鷿᲻صѹȵ͸Ūþͽתɱ編һҶϴĴ̵ϸߣҶӦЦҶָĴЦ˵ûϴǬ˵մĭ˫Ū£ʱȫһҶ˵ţҶͷԼȫ_ϴ 
һҶһָŪ㷢λʵ̫СҶ34C˫ţVҶ˼Ҷͷ˵ô˼ 
°˵Ϊÿѽ 
Ҷһʮֵĸˣͷ˵㰮ҡ 
⻹˵ˡ 
ҶһҸ˵Ҳ㣡 
Ҷʣ㰮ж 
Ļش˵һǽһ꣡ 
Ҷһ˵Ӷ԰Ҳãôû⣡ 
Ŀ˵˵Ķģ㷢ʲôҶ㡣ҶһΪжĲӺͣš 
ҶԼ˵ҵֶˡ 
״˵Ϲร˵ָҶЦ˵ 
ΪҶӣǬŵԼ뵽ոԡҵ˶һЦ 
ǣҶֶһص˸ңҶĻվ¹ǰҶһ̬˵Ϲ˼Ҵ·òã 
һװɫ¿ҶãҶŮΪķ񣬽ǼУȹСͷϣŮǰ⴩·ҮõĹŽҶȫá 
ҶúСȥ벻ǵѱ˰п 
죬Ҷ糣һѧУûر·ֱյĿϣͷһ¡ 
ʰʱ绰ͻȻʾҶ磬绰һŮСҡҡȡѽѽ 
һҶ£ŮֱȥߵŮʱһѽѽһеĳȥ 
һڿ㼰ñ˰Ҷ춳ϣ˵ֻҶȹڣǰˣе˵زʮַһŮӣҶʱＺվͬѧ 
ʱŵ˵ôûſңǺӱʫŲ˼ſѾֲ˵زʮַԭĳڵĺӱʫ 
ӱʫ˵ǻ˵ϣ缸ǰҿҶһºӱʫ˵ѧУ¡ 
ӱʫҶһ󣬼˵ȥټϽ£ǻ벻ϣǿ˵ںʱʼ 
Ϊ£ҶߵöֻԽҶ£Ҷܹϵû˵ 
ӱʫ˵ǱƭôãӦýܴͷͱһֱ뿪ѧУΪֹ 
һǳͷҶҶֻýܼĻ߳ʱӱʫϸ˵ڸңԺ˵ýã 
ӱʫҶ˵ɱߵô죬֪ǷȥʱԸ 
ҶμˣҶϸСߺ˫գ㡭 
Ҷѿͺ˵ɶһҪÿ 
ӱʫƵ˵㲻ɰ 
Ҷ˵ɶ㲻ҪܣҪǱץһÿֻŮ׷š 
һͬѧ֮һͬ뿪ҶڴҪ£ǣ۵ϻؼҡ




04    

Ҷͺӱʫɸпγ̣ҿͬһѧ̼ѧѡ޷ϵ޶żӱʫͬѡ޷ɣѡ޵ϵ 
Ϳڼ䣬㿪ʼΪѡ޿γ׼пְ׬ȡá 
һ죬Ϳ˵ĸĸȥ⣬ֻʣˣſķȡһȫµæģضµ 
ʱֻܾTţжȹĳÿ˵Ҳûڸഺ͡ģʹӦһΰɣ 
춾Ŀధ춴Ӧ˽ģض 
㿪ʼΪգű󣬰ÿഺˣ˵ɲԸ·ıһã 
˵ôҲģ 
˵ţ㲻㷵ȡЩһ·ĺòã 
˵˭ţת߳䡣 
˵ţȥ 
˵ڷȡ·㣬㲻ұ㲻ȥ 
˵롭롭 
뿪󣬰ղΪĵڣҿʼΪƬӹ 
ãȡ·صķͷɣȫûзֿһ㿴ӲһŮϡ 
ŤŰĶ˵СɫҩɾȣҼӵӵ 
ǰ˵ţȴλңֻ̰棬㲻ǰеƬеƬ 
˵࣬ϻƣ 
һ˵ۡЦ˵˭ţɾôƬ޹ء 
һûҸɦţ˵Щ⳥ЩƬ 
ɦţ㣬춷ϸ޴ɶ㣬춽ĵڰϣǰ޷˿˫˵ȥܵͰ 
춷ſ˫˵۸ң 
Ц˵ⲻ۸Ұű﷽ʽ㲻ܣ˻ⷽʽ 
Ȼ֪˵Ц÷ȭ˵ˣ㻹С 
ֽƱſǣ˵ˣֻ㣬İţ 
˵㲻飬Ҳ¹ǯw 
˵˵ģһҪ˵ 
˵ô£ 
˵ȥ⳥ЩƬ 
˵Сɫѡѣ 
˵ֻһΣ²Ϊ 
£˵㣬Ƿģ㲻ǿ۸ң 
Ǳٴοʼ㣬ҪĶű󣬰Ҫ·գԡҸ£˵Ϊô£ 
˵Сɫұˣ 
˵ôΣ㻹ԽԽ 
취û㵽ԡҸ£ځʱһۺɫ¼ɫĽ㡣 
ߵķʱ򣬰۾رע⵽ʱĿرƯһͷϸںڵ㷢պڼϣ¿رƣزرǿ£˲ܿôٶһߵ¼ܳǲö˵ϸš 
ŰĿⶼתƵ°ȻǴŰɫĳ㣬ϻǱȽϵ͸ǰ涼΢ڿĺۼתʱں濴ȥ͸ðһ°ɫӻ͸¶ڿĺۼһɫĶڿ㣬һ˿ͼԿһ춿βߺƯڿĳ֮رˡ 
ĿƺĶſ㣬ӰֱӿʼˣҪϵĸıԼƣտʼ֪ðʲôƲźã͸ָ֮󣬿ƿԽԽʼѧŤ˦ͷһЩ˵ƣ֮䣬Ҫβ㣬һ㵽βڿ 
Űֽпµ΢һ㣬¶Ըе磬µİɫյʱûзѾ¶ԴֱӿСĵ߹⣬ǰȴϵĲ׽߹ľͷһƬҪ΢ǰһЩ͸¶һڿܺĽťɿ£ڳV͵֮չ¶Ըе˿ڿ㣬촩ڿ㼸͸ģҺûкܵͣë᲻Сı 
ȥ˵ڶ·ĵڶ·һɫϸ£ţжȹϿ⽫ͷβ֮󣬿ƤֿɰôѵİᱻЦݸס 
ϸĴְɺᣬҲͬ¶¼յķͱȽϸĳƤķʽʱΪȹ̫̣ڿ»Ǹı̬ʱ߹ľͷ֣֮Ӧöɰġ 
ȵҲ֮󣬿˵Ҫ𣿡 
˵еĲУƬ 
˵ôģ 
˵Դһ 
˵ģ 
˵磡Ըеַ㣡 
˵ôΪ飡 
˵Ŵˣֲûģպû䣡 
˵ֻұˣҪڣ 
˵ҿԱ^ֻǿģ 
ִӦԸеַУƬ 
ֻУ㣬Уǰɫȹԣϵ¿֡ 
ĴãĴйΣڿʼУʱûҪЩôҪڳͬƣϰߺҪ⿪ǰťۣĽ⿪ťֱۣť۽⿪㲶׽ٿЩԸоͷƬҪУһЩ¶һЩ֣ܺĽһߵ¶Ըе磬µİɫݰɫ˿֣Ȼȫ¶ֽΧסҪĳķ飬˫֮仹һݵԸ鹵 
󣬿·󣬰ƷڵөĻϣԼഺƤһ֮⣬ڴУʱĳԸпɰһ棬⼭Ƭʮϲ 
˵У⼭Ƭʮϲ 
װҵĿ˵Խõ 
ʣô 
˵Ҹղż¶ʱƬһƬ 
˵Сɫұˡ 
Ͽҵ˵㲻룬ֻ뽫п@ģھͷ±¶ţ 
˵㲻ƭң 
˵Ҳƭ㣬ֻ뿴Ч 
˵˵ģ 
˵ģ 
˵ҿԴӦ㣬ϵв죬ұ㲻ȥ 
һϲڿһǣ֮ſר׼ʼչ 
̹Ȼľ㳡شԱ߽Уǰť۽⿪Уѵ䣬洩һɫֱ֣˿ɣԸжһ൱͸ֱ˿ϸ仹΢һͷֻдԼֱ£ڱزCֱ˫һǱ¶ġ 
Ůô󵨵չģһŮԱĸǲʵģضһֱÿûеģضֻΪû̽֡ 
µʱ򣬸ϸΧȽزرȻֻCֱر󣬵ǰȴҺܽ˵زԲһ˭Ư˫㲻¶Եɿ壬οǴһԸܳΧ˿֡ 
˫סĿ⣬е㺦ļУʱ°ҲֻʣһɫڿˣȻһЩԸеڿ㣬ȴǵһοֿ㣬һӦڿ൱͸濴ȥȻ˿ͼ˿֮仹ż϶ĲҲ͸˿λøպڿëλϷԴ˿ϸ쵱Ҳֻܹļ°벿ĲʵǺ͸Կëӡӡ 
ȷʵЩ̫˼ĿⶢԼ壬Ҫλӿı󿴹ȥǾɣĶڿ㣬ֻһ˿ӻƬ֮䣬βĲȫ¶⣬Ӻ濴ȥβ˶͵˿֮⣬඼һš 
β൱ƯԲеԣ⻬βϣҲκһ̺ۣϿڵ˶Բ̵Ǳһ˻Ҫԡ 
źߵ飬ߵȥһԡȰסÿ׼˵̫ŵĻὩӲȸ˵ЩדĻͬʱҲ˳㿪 
ʱ֪һɫıɴɴΧʣɴ͸ȹһϵԡѵһԣڰǰչ˵ģϱɴĺƯԸ֮дŴŮķζͷڼϣɳϣӲ濴ȥĸо˵˫壬ԼֵԸڿ㡣 
ڰҪ֮£任˺üֶ춻ݵ鹵һ|ʵ飬Ҫ΢ֵļҲ¼¶ѩԸе磬ҲƺҪŲס˵˫飬ݏͿҪһ 
ſƺܵþƵջ󣬿ʼԾĻ£鷿ֱͿҪ¶˳˵ʹ󵨵ķֵֽť۽⿪ɫַУչ¶˵˫顣 
ɵۣҲû뵽ȻûԤ֮¾ѵ£ѩԲ鷿ǰζţƺڵۺɫСͷҲѾվȻѾٴͷǿʼձŷ۵ʺ죬βԣѩ׵鷿֮£ͷرԵĿ 
ȻʱƺѾںԼ˫屻ſֻ뽫Լõ̬չֳ˫ֻز¶˵飬ݏڹһڴϷƸôΣǵһοɢ˵ĸоΪô˵øΪ㵹 
ǰбʱ˫鿴Ƿ㲻֣鷿һļͦԲÿεһתƣ˫鶼᲻Ļζš 
˼Ƭ֮󣬰ͻȻͣԸĻһд棬ȫô 
˫زһߵ˵㡭ҲϣܹԼƯʱ̱ 
ĵ˵ΪԿʼ㿪Ҳǿģ 
һᣬϸ˵ɡԡ 
ʼʱ򣬿ŰڿӱıɴȥβѾǺˣڿ㶪ڵϣȻ˫סĲλת˹ԾͷЩ̫˼˫˫֮Ըеشɳϡ 
Ž˫ƿΪ˫ȻǼнģԴǰȥҲֻһëĺۼþƿʼ˸֮󣬿ŽȽϷŵĿĽ˫ſĺɫشչڰǰë̫࣬ȫԵش޳˫ԽԽ岿λҲԽԽԣ춻һ㱡ɴţ̫ 
˫ֽʣվʵıɴ˿ñɴ䵽ϣ˳Ծͷ 
գ⵹ҴûģҺð൱ŰŻӦ󵨵ݳھͷǰ濪ʼԼ˫飬ڳ̬ǿĻ棬Ӳ 
ĶԽԽ󵨣޼ɵſ˫ȣھͷǰ¶˽ܵڰǰŪԼëβƬֱǽ˽ܵĲλȫ㵽ˣͬʱÿԸеĵشҲ©չھͷǰƺеϻſ˫ȣŪԼ壬ŪԼʼʪɬĿɰ޷ȵ̬䡣 
󵨵Ҫֳοſ˫ȣָԼʺָ٣ôãû־ٶӰͷǰȻôŵο 
һԼ壬һ淢Щ΢ĴϢҲŬĽлȫ׽ſɰգƺ൱Ϊ顣ȵһ֮󣬿ٴɢڵϵºУ 
󵨵˵һ԰д桭㡭Ҳǿ㡱 
һ룬ûлش𣬱ĵȥ֪ǺãΪǸ֮ʣϸ˵㡭˵ġд桭 
֪Ӧ˵ǡǡ㻶ϲʰߣ뷿 
Ԥϣཫ¼Ϻã뿪ʼʱ˵ģôΪ飡 
ڰۣǬҲһ԰ӰƬ֮󣬰һܵĳóƬVCDȻͿһڴϿ 
VCDų֮ӰƬһȫŮڰ˿ڽĻ棬λŮųĻزDֱ嶼Եп@ò㣬ĳλǡ 
Űϸ˵ڶƬƬֵһԼŸеŮɻĴԼѧУƷӰƬУȥԼƷȻӰķۺɫ֡ 
ڿʼ֮󣬰Աѹ·ֻһڿ㣬ǴɫУڴϣөĻϵ԰棬ͣԳЦ˵̫˰ɣôô󣿡 
˵ȻпܣʶɣҲôôһִڿϣһְϸ۵ȥ˵ҪҪ 
˵滵أǶǴСûϵȴûϵ֡պ죬ɫӰĴ顣 
Ϸ˵СӲɣ㲻ұȽһ£㿴ǸŮôȥˬ 
ǽţ¡ʱ־ʹĴϣȹ¶һأպø˼£˵벻ִֵƤۣ 
ϲ˼ד˵ȱ㣬ͻ˼˵ô˵˼Ƥִ֣ô᲻۵ģ 
Ҫҵһ¾֪۲ۡ˵ȥǿĴȣæҪƿ˵ƤǴƤ 
ָ̼˵˼ƤҲǺϸۡ 
˳˵һ¾֪۲ۡ 
οûƿðȥȻԳЦ˵ˣˣŪ˼Һ˼ƤǲҲۻ 
ĴûֱȻڿĴ˫շæͷͷ̧ʱȴǿĴȣһ߰ȹƣ͸ȥ˵ҪѾڲм䣬ȵڲ࣬˫ȣͻȻźһȿʼ 
ʱڵϣȻڿϣȻſĴȣ˵Ĵĺۺ 
ղŻ˵˼ҵƤܴ֡¶Цݣܿһüͷӱǿ͸ŵ 
ְϥϣʱһƣҿȾ׸ƿ˵Ҫ˼ҡˡһ˵ûУ֮һѾǵúѾ͵ǿĶֿȥ 
Ѿ뵹ڴϣȹʵϣͷ䣬ڿСѨĶֿѾʪһƬ 
Ѿ֮£Ϳʼȥ⿪У۾û˿ɰ⿪УҲ⿪۵鷿ڰǰ־ȥ󣬻ͣŪſɰͷѾźŶ 
ؽİɫУɰµУҽԹڿϵҲһʱֻһɫĶֿ㣬ֻСѨľڰǰ 
Űſ۵ϸţϵĶֿ㣬ͳԱһӣȫ㣬ֻ˫סҪλ 
ֵŰ˵УҪҲ׼ҵ·ˣû˵û˵ 
ٺټЦ˵ҵǿģضҵȻҲҪչҵ 
СѨֺ󣬱ͷ䣬ǵĿСѨϣ۾شϢţ˺Ŷʱ˫ҿĴѹȥͷѾUСѨŪ룬Ūſܵӣڽ 
̧ͷ͹⣬ǳ˿СѨ֭ţѹɳϣ˵ҲûȿӦѹСͣڿ鷿ϣͷ˼£̲סšͳ΢ſʱ򣬸ղСѨͷھȥ˱ڴϷȥ 
ſڴβСѨܶˮ̲סٴڿСѨȥҪţͳĽȻ 
СѨķ㽫׼СѨӺ롣 
󣬰еı走ţʱһ£ɼֽͣǳԽԽ٣ͻȻͻȻַһӹ 
˵มššСšš㡭ҡšҡҪܲˡСšϹϹҡҪȥˡšҪȥˡššŰ 
ͻȻе˱ţѨһĳ󣬾߳ˣȻûֹͣĻ鶯ţҶԽԽ٣ץŴҲһαһθٸҡ 
˵ҪšϹܲˡมšССš 
ʱĴ־ٴ˱šѨҲִεĳ󣬿ٴθ߳ˡ 
ͻȻͣе˵벻űôáɫӰŮǸݡ 
㡭ܡ˵˼ҡҪ˼ҡЩȡ߰顣 
ԿөĻԼ˵ţָָөĻڵ￴ĻԼһС 
ʱөĻʾѾѵùſɳϣӺСѨĴÿһζزȥСѨƬ۴Ū÷졣 
˵㿴Լ𣿡 
˵Ҫˡ 
ǺǣûԼɣ˵ֶ꣬׼鷿Ūһ˫鷿εεţȻȥŪţ˵㿴鷿󡭡ȻĴ󼦰ͳѨȥϸ۵롣 
ҪҲš 
Կ˵ĲҰЩӰ񴢴ڵԺҲ 
ĲҪԡ㡭ͷƭ˼ա˼ҡЩҪҪӰ񴢴ڵԣæţȴ汧ȱĴʹڿĿ䲻ϸţѿɵѡ 
ŸˬȻҪľͷ¼ڿ˵ţԺŵ·ȥ˶֪ 
ʱɵۿնʧ˫ֱ׳ıѹԼһ˫鷿ϣ鷿ñ⣬źߺߴ͸ģľӣҡ˶ڸҡҲ˼ҡ˵ŻԼͦðĴСѨø 
˵ϲҸ𣿡 
ţϲɵ˼ҺˬͲҰɡ 
ֿԣֿԼڵﱻʱӣ˵¼𡭰˼ĵúŮǸ 
ʱ˵ԽԽʼҵĳ˶Ĵ̽ڽֱͷӹڣ㽫ѹѾõľҺȫйӹڡһһľҺԴԴӹڣȹӹעеԼӹ䶯ţɸ˵ľҺֱԼѳעȵľ 
ûˣºİѹס֮󣬿ư˵ǧҪЩ๫ 
˵ýŵ˷ 
˵˭ţ˼գǿ˼ң 
װʧ˵˵ǣղ㻹˵ϹܲˣϲὫеƬӰظ㣡 
˵㣡ϹһҪƬӰ㽫ҵƬĳôģ 
Ͽ˵м˵ 
˵ô£ 
˵¼ﻹжĴȥ 
һƿѹסСѨﻹĴţ޷ֻ˵ġġ 
Ĵض˵㲻Ҳܡ 
еĴٱ󣬿˵˼ҲģǿҲƭң 
ͣ˵һûƭ㣬֪ 
˵֪֪ 
˵Ұ㣬Ҷһһİ˵δȿشĴڿСѨڳ鶯 
СѨ̼ܵСѨʪ̲סš˵ͣͣҲ 
ͣСѨеʮɧĴֹ˵˵㡭ΪôͻȻͣ㲻ǡҪȥŶҪͣ졭ðɡϹ졭Ϲҡ 
ٳĴ鵽ѨڣȻĲ룬ѨģðúҲŰͦƨɣٸ롣 
ҡɢ㷢۰գЦŨ˫Ź䣬׽һ߲ѨһߵͷȥͷˣϵĴС³ 
ҡҡҡ桭Ϲи硭ԡ 
ֳԱúõͿһ⡣˳ʱ򣬿ȲýŽǰ°Ѵ̻ȥ 
Ϲ塭Һúðôᡭá졭ҪҪˡˡˡ 
ſйˣôһͿ֮ǰѾȹԻֶ֧һᣬٳٶºҲˣŨŨȫ䵽ӹ档ЦˣϣN. 
Ϣһ󣬱һԡϴ 
ʰֳ󣬶ڷڽǼдгŵδ}һڰļ׼ͣ౻ϳŷϹһʱСްŰ 
ʳ󣬿뿪ʱӺ˵sɷס 
һ˵ðɣ㲻Զ˵˵š 
˵㲻ǴӦס𣿡 
˵ǣҲҪҷЩ·ȡЩƷѽ 
ãȡһЩƷļң㼱ԡһϴ裬ȻԡԿ֣òǲϴϣ㴩ϻطɫ˿ּɫ˿ֿ󣬰װϿ˵ţһ¸㣡 
˵ô£ 
˵㴩ֿβԺɲԾ 
˵˵ֻǷұˣ 
˵룬ұ㿴ֻµĿ߳ԡҡ 
ֻ˵֣֣˼áûлشߵķϽŹغá 
㽫Ѹ⣬ʱ񡱡ǿ顱ĺִֺͣߣɫĴⷿݣԭʼġ 
ҹĺˣǷﲻʱصŴϢһһΣһһΡ




    05    

Ǹһٺ󣬸˱ɢͿԼһͬѧ뵺ӪΪҵУ˱㵽ͷϣӱʫͬһμӣ춽֪ܺӱʫ꣬һѧ꼶޵ԣҸǰӱʫͿѧҲǿͬϵѧ 
˺еĸоԺֻܿа⣬Ϊֱ겻ʱɫɫĿⶢſԣ걣־롣 
ǳСʱĴ̺춵ĿĵأƽһģһŮģǰٺú󣬼ǻƻ裬ԣͺϢ 
˵ڶ죬ʣa뵺ƣĴƤϣǻǺܿģϣһȺ˶ں̲϶ȹ⼫ˡ 
ǼŮ֮УȻǿӱʫƯ̬ǻƽʱѧУߣڿǳɫȼӾװӱʫǻɫıȼɫӾװȻ˲ٴһɫTڷԸУĿ⡣ 
Ϳͬѧһεٵĵط 
Եİ˵˭ε̨δӦһ˵͸͵æ׷˹ȥ 
ʽΣʽһ¸ˣһٶȣڿĺͷ 
֪ںͷȴҲƣָĳǳˮķʽǰһǳðĴ⣬Ľһһϼ䣬Ǳ˵οһİС¹ײˮֱڿͷûþЦ˵УⱿӮˣ 
ᵽˣһͷмˣƻȻʹ˼ƣЦ˵УѷأȻβӮҡһðץɦ˵Ȼҡ 
Ц˵УҴԭ𡣡 
Ȼû֣ӾµİȻˣͰһһʱסԲĵ鷿¶˴룬ʱŸϽ˫ֱأߴŰȥӾ£ʱֻˣҪȻһϽǱˮȥӾ¡ 
񵽹ⲻſ˵û˾͵Ӿɡָ߸߾Ӿ£˫ץŰӾ£Ƿ۵˫鲻ʱᵯˮ棬İĴǴӾ㣬Ӿ¶̨ϣֱסӣСһǡ 
֨֨˵ЩĻûþĲס࣬Ͱǵʪȣηſһ˫۵鷿Щ΢ţһһࡢһ´ֻ꣬ͷȫκεĵ׿ðࡣ 
˵Ȼû£ӾҲѵ𣿡 
ǱˮˮһһѾǳɫӾóˮ棬ˮʱװ޳Ĵˮﻮȥ˫ȼĺëëشĺˮ￴һ 
ѿţȥһ鷿ʹſͱѹڿСϣͷҲŪ׵ 
ţһԲƨɣһ鷿Ӿ㣬¶Ĵ 
ֵԼһƨһֻͦȫȻϸʼŤţǴѾɽСѨһһµس鶯š 
һมššĴѨİţİȫ飬ʼһһ鶯ҲûţſǷ˵˫š 
ʱ˫׽Ÿ̨ߣϸԲȥŴȣӺɽȥ۾˫糺죬ǺǺǵغŴ 
ҲʼŤŰมáС塭㡭Ҫͣมššมڡ졭šš 
ʱת泯˫Űͷ˫ѩ׵ǽĲסɵ˫۰գֱ˵ЩŶšš 
ԽǴֱѨͼеԽС塭塭ҿˡม졭ҪŶˡˡม 
ɧĲɵֽ֫ŷѨһֱͣðˬ쵽˼㣬籩ƵĸſҴδζĻġ 
ԽԽоɵȫһһббʹ鷿ˮ棬ˮܿζ鷿ɰͷҲһȴɵýȫٸŪ£λѾðˮ档鷿û¶ȥŪһ鷿ӿˮ 
˫ֽŰĲӣţžͲϵĳAһ߳ˣĴѹĽģֱͣѨ˱ܣŤٸʮ£춴ͣ֨֨ľҺڣ۾ˡ 
Ϳ۵ĸʲôһſڸ̨Ľϣĸ˵ôôۣͨͨЦŸ˵ôۣ˵ոոʱôۡ 
˵𷢴ˣȥҼӾ˫̽̽̽Եģ±˼⸶˵ģѸٵ̨ȥӾ¡ 
غ͸ϽøϽ𣬰Ϳ׼λذʱָ̨ƯŰɫҺ壬Ű˵㿴ĺ£Ц˵ûбôΡһ䣺˵ңոĿûأ˵Ͻλذںͷ׷İ˵˵ʲôٸ˵һΡ 
̫¿׷ϣûþ͸׷ˣŰ˵ո˵ɶæ˵ʹʹ֪Ұɡϴͷ֣ĥĶ䣬˵֪ͺãЩλذ 
ͿλذһͬѧΧں̲ϣŲ͵㣬̫ԽԽпᣬڳ꣬ȡɹͣΪţ˶wĽ 
ǳԹ͵ָԻ춿Ҫں̲ɹ̫Ӿ˲ãӱʫȥ밶ľĲݴԣ㾲ϰ͵ӱʫȣ˫ֻʱͬӱʫ 
ַӱʫ鷿ŪͷӱʫӾ²ǺܺԾ㴩ҲԺͷԵ͹ˣȥ˱ӱʫͷȻ·껹ú𾢡 
˱һᣬӱʫڵ§ӱʫǡӱʫʱе㿹ܣӱʫǣʱ곢ȥӱʫӾ£쵽ĺӾµİʱ׽˵Ҫ 
ͣǣ˱ͷӱʫȻڵţʱ㳢ȥ 
ӾӱʫֱӱʫӾ㸧ֱӱʫƿ˵ԲҵӾ£ 
ӱʫ˵ӱʫһºòã 
ӱʫ˵У 
˵ҵСܵӲģడ 
ӱʫһ˵Ұǹòã 
ûѡ֮£굱Ȼ˵ȻӱʫӾ㣬ӾĴ˳ 
˵ӱʫҿڽòã 
ӱʫ˵Ҳڽѽ 
ӱʫǺֲܻͣŪСܵܣָӱʫӾأŪͷ걻ӱʫͣŪʮ£̲סҪˡ 
ӱʫº󣬰־ˮ뿪ص̲ʱҲſͬѧ֪ȥ˸ң㵽ҿ 
ûˣŵ͵͵ңֻпһ͹͵£ڴ֮ǰû£첻֪ôˣϵİT£ֻʣϸǳɫıȼӾ£ѩ׵鷿Ƶøۣһ˿׸24ǳɫıȼӾֻڵס΢͹ðѪţԭµĴѾˣڸյðĴһˡ 
תķְڸңһæסظ˵Уʲôȥ 
˰ϵı仯һ°Ѿƿɵļͦߣʲôʵ㡭 
ѽһ𣿴Ժ㡭εĽš 
꣡ҾҪԳԶЦŭˮĴ͸һ˿۵ᴽ΢٣̲סƵǽѹסס˵ĺ촽 
Ҫ 
Ÿ£ƾŰƾܣͷѾУʶࡣһֻѾʽΧʱ䣬һھͳϿͷһס34C鷿ָͷᶯš 
ͷͣڶ鷿֮УۺСɵͦķӲվڻԲ鷿ϡ˵Ŀ⣬ϸϸĶϸ۵ļһֻᴥţĴӦ⣬еⱻĥĸоϵĴɧ˵鷿ǰգðһʵ 
һ߳ſ鷿һ߿ķӦѲı۾ķ񡣰¿Ӿ㣬һȻֻʪ 
ɰ鷿Ū뷴ôطˡǵʱҪֹȻȴѾˡĿУҲˣ˰ɣ 
ڿϣſϡëһһڳԵúܸˣˮһһͣʳָĵſͦ٣ܲˣҪ߽гæסԼС죬ֹ˵𡭱ŪˡܲˡˡһгҲУͷſԼӾ㣬ó 
˵һ¡ 
ֽţʼأʼֱסỬͷĿвͣķڣеۛ_һĵķżӲĴڿϣͷһ˿Һմڿëϡ 
ʱọ̈̄˫ֱסͷ̰ſڽͷȵĿʳšȲ̽СѨָһȺСɽСɽ̵ŨɽѾʪ޵Ļ꣬۵ĻڰĴƽУѾſС졣 
УڲС˻ˡ 
ѽһᴽ˵û˵ִ꣬ĴѾŨĻɽڣֳʱоһȦȵţѾֱӽӹǻ۶ѾӲСĻϡ 
Ұڲһ㡭 
ƿĿܲ˻ﱻĴPĥĿӹǻͻȻԾΰһȦĹס˰ĴڣĴӹǻסһһŨ絽Ĵϣ߳úÿ졣 
ҡˡҡ졭㡭 
ʱ̧ȴϰֱβʹһֳӺϵĸӽۡ۵Ľ˱Ҳ§ſNΣͦĳ̶ײ׳ĴڿпٵĽڹڣďPĥˮƵĽӿҺ˳Һ˳ŹɹˮڵϡǿҵĴ̼ʹÿͬ񣬽ŰβҰͦӭŰĳ壬̲ס 
źߡ㡭Hҡ㣬ˡˡ 
з⣬һ߳ļƵĹסľһ˫ѩ׵Ĵ̧˰ʣ۵ȼڳ鴤צľֽſβĳܹǶýģоҧס˰ĴʹðͿֳʵӺϵһ˿϶ûС 
ʱ߸ܵһȦȵʵĹסһƵ䶯˱ŰĴһ̵ڰĹͷϣͷиеһҲѳֲסŨҺҪ緢ŨľҺڿӹͣ緢ͿڽϿеϸ߷弫֮ 
ϣ̰ĵĽѾʼĴ͵ǰҪһۣſС죬Ǭ 
ıԡǱߣͿһˮ_һΣ̲סʹӺִ鷿ͬͷִĴӲ 
Ǳ˫鷿ͷһ˫ǶŰֱͦͦĴ 
˵У㡭ô 
˵ǲôҪҵİæ 
˵ˣУԼϴˡ 
˵ߣЩطԼϴģϴġ 
˵ˣҪ 
ڿһ·˵ҪͬʱѾӺѿıţ͸Բֽʵƨϣ˫ֱ鷿ϲϴŪʵûôķ˵áҪ֪֮࣬ǿڲĵˡ 
Ҳ˻ǲﲻǬﲻǬ˫ȫ´һ˫ͣСѨϣԭѾĳ֣Сֿʼ顣 
˵ŶԭvҺúõΪһ¡ 
˵⻹㺦˭˭棬Ҫϴϴ 
˵ڲڰϴҪлҲŶԡ 
ſѾֻܷһЩźߺߡˣΪָѾСѨھػˣǷ۵ָúˬ 
ڿˬһСӾȻֹƨɣѰѹԼƬԵƨЮĴ 
˵൱أҪҵرĹһ 
˵š졭ЩðգΣ桭ĲҪ桭 
˵úúãһж㡣 
˵ſǰ˫ַǽڣƨ̵ø߸ߵģСѨȫ¶춰ǰڳһ˵ơ 
춿룬ǲᵡģæİƨɷУ˽ǶȣֻǡһĴ˽ȥŰ㿪ʼ鶯 
һʱĴƨɣһʱֶ鷿ôĥÿһطɵġ 
˵šš 
˵ϲϹĴ𣿡 
˵ššϲ 
˵㣬òã 
˵šááŶšš 
ټͷɣʮӣ˿ٻεĸ߳侫ĸоӰ˹ٽſɶͦ˽ȥ 
˵ϹH㡭㡭졭 
˵ϹHҡ 
ԵĽţ鴤ѩ׻ԲֽϣǿҵͦӭŰĳ塣ʱܹͷһǿ֪Ҫˣͬʱ䶯ĥ˱Ҳ̲סֻͷһͼ䣬һŨɽ緢˿ӹĻϣͷ緢ʱĶ˿ 
˵ǲˣ 
˵Բҡ̫ˣγ 
ߵƿһ̲ˮһ˵Щvʰ´β 
ſӣ΢Ǻ˵ǡ 
æҵʰʱˮ_ϴ 
ͿϺ󣬿Űվڰǰ˱ȼӾ֮󣬻΢һβĿߣЩٶԸУߵߣḧβ 
˵ţӾºԸУ 
˵รҮˣ򵥵һ仰ͰѰָ 
һ¾˵ϹҴӾΧòãһױȼΧϣȴŪãŮŰΪķ 
Ӿµֱе鷿λãȻķ鼷ֱ룬Щ൱ˡ 
鲻ԽǰסӣС㴽ͻȻеͷйʹͿʱҧһ£ȫһʱžƽƿ 
˵ҪҪЩȥȻᱻǷ֣һ˵֪Ϳ˺ܾãǣȳȥûעÿ 
ȵѾת죬Ϳǣֻص̲ͬѧڼΪϵտ׼ͿҲ˼żЭ




    06 

ӱʫμεıҵУΪһ¶ı˵Ĺϵ 
ڱҵеĩΣеԳ`һһŮΪһ飬ΧƵһܣȵյһΪʤûнƷյһ飬Ҫ͵ѣ޳α󣬱г``󣬰ӱʫΪһ顣 
ʼӱʫ˶ɫټ⣬ӱʫһ㿪ʼ󣬰һ·ӱʫ淽չӱʫ촩һɫTһǳɫȿ㡣 
ΪTϽϵӱʫ洩ɫָڿ㣬ԿرԣӺ濴ȥӱʫβ̣Իȿ㣬ʹڿβӵĺۼĿּ͸˵ˡ 
Ҵǰ濴ȥԿӱʫֱֺۼͦ˫鶥TǰۡʹðԿӱʫֱ˿Ļͼ 
ӱʫڿڽ龰ʮǰӱʫһ֪ӱʫѣǿû 
ڱԼһ·ʱӱʫԶԶһξ롣 
ӱʫ˵ӱʫܲʵ֪ǰһݾС·ɵյ㣬ٵ·𣿡 
ӱʫ˵Ȼ޳ɣǾͿɣ 
ӱʫ߽ݾյ꣬Ƕνݾú᫣ߵһʱӱʫСĵҺòˣֻŢ 
ӱʫ˼ӱʫ˵Ҳãһʱ벻꣬ 
ӱʫ˵취ϴȥϵհɣ 
һ˵ҼǰһˮϪӦϴ 
ӱʫ˵ڻǾͿɣ 
һ㵽ˣϪˮ峺Կˮ׵ˮֲ 
˵ϴ 
ӱʫһĿĻϱֳεӡ 
˵ӱʫ 
ӱʫ˼˵ûеط£ 
ʱŷ⣬һ˵ԷľԲ͵㣬㵽ʯˮϴұ㿴㣬ҵһѷ磡ָָϪߵһʯ󣬰һѷ硣 
ӱʫߵʯͷT㷢T̿㡢ּڿգҪϴ·ȫ㣬ϴ·ֲһаߵǱߣ˵ɽ¸ʱ𣿡 
˵û⣡㽫T¼ʯϵӱʫԼȡá 
ӱʫû͵ٶȡȥǼT 
ͻȻ˵ӱʫ㽫Щյ·ϴԼЩϴ𣿡 
ӱʫ˺һ˵ðɣ㲻Ҫ̫Զ͵ 
˵㲻͵𣿡 
ӱʫ˵㲻ᣡ 
ӱʫʯͷİɫT̿㣬ҽT̿ʯϡ 
ӱʫȥT֮̿˵һɡӱʫͦ˫鱻ǳɫֽܵİΧţ˫֮仹һݵԸ鹵֮һֱֽܹסѩ׵鷿ֱ֮ɫֱǰԵ廨ͼӱʫͷݏʱֱбĳһԲ˫͸ֵĳп 
ӱʫ洩ĵɫڿмͬСͼӱʫëĺۼֲ״ֱ֣ӱʫҲǵһڻֻ¿㣬൱˼ 
ʱһTʯ׸ӱʫǸмӱʫӹT֮TϣȻڿɫڿTԱߣȻֵֽťҲ˿ӱʫֵļ£漴Ҳִȥַʯͷϡ 
ӱʫٽǼT£ӱʫһǰһ鷿˫βסһҲһڸǲסطԲ̵ķκ棬ѩ׵β¶⡣ 
ӱʫݵˮ֮󣬱˵УȡЩ·ȥϴллӱʫûгȡȥ· 
ӱʫٿܵĻ󣬲Ľ˫ַſˮ̹Ȼչ¶˵˫顣ѩ۵鷿żͷˮΡ˴ΡԲ˫飬ûֵĳУһԲͦ 
ȡ·һӱʫ¿Ҳһ£ʱ͵ӱʫȫ壬ǵĿûˮӱʫϴ·ϵգϴӱʫ¿ʱһǳɫĶ֮һֱּֿ㣬һϴȥԺ㽫ӱʫʯɹ̫ 
˵ӱʫϴȴ£ 
ӱʫ˵лл㣡֪ 
ӱʫϰ¿㼰Tʯ·ǬС 
˲ӱʫͻȻ˵УһͿʼ𣿡 
˵ô˵ 
ӱʫ˵ڵ·ǬԴʱ䣡 
˵ðɣ㲻Ժ˵ǣ㽫Ϳ¼ӱʫ˵һ顣 
ӱʫ˵Ϳ찮ĸоΣǴѧУ͵ǡʹֲ࣬ǡ 
˵㲻ǺԹڰϲǹ𣿡 
ӱʫ˵֪ڰϡ 
˵㲻Ҫ͵һΣ͵һΣƽ𣿡 
ӱʫ˵Ҿ㣬㶼Ժ˵򡭡 
˵ҴӦ 
ӱʫ˵˵һǴŮҺûԹ찮찮ʱְֻҺڽŸҵɷ򣡡ӱʫԼҲΪ˵ⷬ˵ 
˵ֻ֮ǲſɽҪԼȥ 
ӱʫ˵Ҫ˵ЩҼͿ찮ʱʹ࣬ʱǲǸ߳ҲԣûķǸֿԸһ£ 
ӱʫʵһ֪λشֻ˵С 
ӱʫ׷ʣ 
ֻεӱʫ򵥵ؽͿڽڡ 
ӱʫ˵ԹˣһоҲûУָһҰɣ 
ӱʫҪѧ˵̵Χһࡣ 
һ˵ţӱʫỺѹĥҲԼءӱʫȻУǻ߰壬һоҲûУ޲ߣ̡ 
˵㡭ȡ 
ӱʫ֮Կ˰Σ޶ԡ 
˵㻹Ǻ԰ɣ 
ӱʫ˵Щǿ 
˵Ұ㣬Ůѣѣ㡭 
ӱʫ˵ӦҰɣ 
𰸱˵Ҳā㣬㲻Ҫ˵ 
Լº󣬰ߵʯӱʫȻTδõΣTµǳɫ֣ҸƯڿ°벿 
˵Կʼɣӱʫߵĵͷʾ⡣ 
ߵӱʫı󣬻ӱʫĸ߷ȥӱʫʼ춣ӱʫ鷿ӱʫظϮҲͷһпϣһŰ鷿һ׾Ĳӣӱʫ˫죬סͷ 
ʽֲ䣬ֻһֱӱʫأ֮󣬰ֻӱʫT˫ȥӱʫ鷿 
˵ȥġӱʫT 
ӱʫ˵Ҫûз˳ðԼȥT 
ӱʫӵǰӱʫȻı˫ۣᣬӱʫķˡӱʫԾ˫ۣǰѾӵסȵ˫ͷַһʱԣȫһ飬ˮʼֱ˫ۣһ˫ס˰ľӣӣէ࣬Ͱĺ촽˫գ䣬ļ˸ 
ã˲ŷֿţһΰӱʫıţԽԽֵťҲ˿ֵļӱʫ£漴ҲִӱʫȥʱӱʫֻʣһԸеĶֿ㡣 
ӱʫţӱʫزȥĴָʳָסӱʫͷӱʫվѣܲס 
šҪСҪϡԡſŲ 
ҪҪſϴһ飬ӱʫţְɶĿС 
ᡭһ㡭ššӱʫ鷿ȫعˣϸ۵İ⣬ۺСɵΣͷܵͦӲš 
ӱʫҪֹѾˣҰſںסͷԻ߻أҲԸˡ 
麬ֿʼ⡣ӱʫһ§ճӱʫұ鷿̽ȥ 
ӱʫᱡ⡣ 
ӱʫһԲʯϣֱĵҪѵڿ㣬ӱʫߵһվðȥӱʫǳǳһֵֺϸëɢ׵ˮ顣֪ߣȲתͷȥӱʫͷ 
ִӱʫĶ괦»УԽԲɵСɨëһͻͻСѿͣҶŰȦӱʫձֱСѲ㲻嶫 
аҡһᡭÿְŶŶ 
ӱʫ֦Ҳ˫ֻǽסСҪһ㣬ӱʫԼ򲻶ϵĸѨڣɧˮԴԴϣ˫֭ 
Сҡһᡭ군Ⱦҡˡ 
֪Ҫôֻټһָס٣ӱʫƨ˼Ϲ𣬾ҵĳAš 
ССҡˡˡа 
ӱʫԽͦԽߣŵĿһСһСɵˮӱʫĹɼʯϣӱʫ֪Լһεĸ߳ 
ӱʫĽȻֹ൹ʯϴڵĴȻ壬ƨϣ¡ 
ӱʫӣһŻңͻȻӱʫһڳȥӱʫˮȥ 
СС㡭ʲôҡvġ찡 
СŶСܲˡ𡭰ѽ㡭۸𡭰һˡˡа 
ûӱʫĽдӱʫСѨţͷUӱʫСѨŪ룬Ūӱʫܵӣڽ 
̧ͷ͹⣬ǳӱʫСѨ֭ӱʫţѹСͣӱʫ鷿ϣͷ˼£̲סšͳ΢ſʱ򣬸ղСѨͷھȥ˱ʯϷȥ 
ӱʫʯͦСѨСѨܶˮ̲סٴڿСѨȥҪӱʫţͳĽȻӱʫɧ̵ˮʱ֪ӱʫһεõ߳ 
ӱʫʯϣ˱һ𣬰˵ӱʫ𣿡 
šӱʫϡ 
ӱʫˮٴˮϴӱʫûна߿󷽵ڰǰϴͻȻӱʫеȳˮһ˸ûˮӱʫذϣ޴󰭣ӱʫ˵ԼĴȺʹ 
˵㴩· 
ӱʫ˵Щ㣬ôطҲҴɣ 
ǳɫ¿ӱʫúӱʫǰһݵԸ鹵ֿгӱʫǻԲβ˫ϾȣӱʫŮŰΪķ񣬽ǼTСͷϣϸİ·̿㡣 
˵ӦҪ̣ 
ӱʫСŮ˵һ˫Ⱥʹ߲㱳ߺ𣿡 
˵ĲУ 
ӱʫ˵Һۣ𣿡 
µӱʫĿĵؽеӱʫ鷿ĥúӱʫ鷿ıĥģеһ·ʱͷģԭӱʫں˵㲻Ҫ̲סŲҡû˵ȥ 
ӱʫδڰϺ£ӱʫһľϣӱʫ֪ôֳѰ񣬱Щ 
˵㲻һǿ𣿡 
ӱʫ˵㲻ᣡ 
ͻȻӱʫϣվߣ˫߲ĲʹظҡָץסһT㱻䣬ǳɫΧһ˫鷿ڴڶӱʫĶ̿㡣 
ӱʫȫϣպðһֻħצΧͷϳ˳ֻ鷿¶Ծ 
ӱʫ־һֻһŵľˣʱӱʫܶаŹ 
ֿסĿͷһһֻܱƤһȫˣ¶һѩԵ⣬ֻ޳ȶţ¶졣 
ӱʫֽԷܶļظһһʹ֮һٲڶдִˡ 
Ҫӱʫ־ͽȫð亹ǾӨĺˮ 
ѹӱʫʱӱʫ޷ֿˣԱۣƺСӭչͽ߽㡭Ҫѽޡ 
ͻȻ뿪ӱʫ壬һTӱʫϣ˵ǽѵ㻹еǲҪ̫ҪʱбΣա 
ӱʫʱŶ˵УҲýѹ⣬۸˼ң 
˵̵ӡ󣡡 
ӱʫ˵˼ұ˾棡 
˵ڿЩ·ǿܻҵ 
ӱʫһʱôҲͬʱеβһ£ӱʫٻʱ߿׷ͻȻͣ£ӱʫճײڰ˳ƽӱʫڻʱżԼ¶壬ߵ˵ЩſңδκλӦֻԳճյĿ 
ӱʫȫ¶ӱʫڻڣټϽߵӱʫ̬ͷӱʫڰȻʵ԰ԣֻ˼򵥵ĳ嶯ѣǶӱʫԣڰͻȻһֵĸоҲŰĽֹ 
ӱʫ࣬ҲûҪԼĻ͵ͷȥĶ䣬һ£ǻ飬ʱ죬ͷȥĶǣסšҲ˱仯૵˵ԡ 
Ѿǵĺ촽ϣӱʫţʱͷͰѱĽһֱ˶ŷֿĻ궼Ѿǵɢȴͼڵ˵ҡѵġ 
˳űر̵ƨɣԼӲֱͦͦĴ˵˵ 
ӱʫеƨɱһ֧ӲĴͻȻһ󼤵СѨɧˮ 
ӱʫϣӱʫĬĬԣƾځѣٴ§ǣһִֻƣֱץסһ鷿ӱʫȣҲδİû˰İ 
ƽ鷿סָûɵץһֻһߣӱʫĺţָ굽ı󰮸ðöӱʫȴ˵ҪҪ 
ӱʫزֱֽʵһͣʹ£ȻֻּͦͬĴ롣 
Ǹճ¯İIʳָİ˰ӱʫĵԺȣ⼫ˡſʳָָߵͷм䣬ϵē£ֻͷûþͱüӲ콫麬ס˱ӱʫߣ˫۽ͷΧڻķǳ 
Ȼ˾㣬ӱʫηϣӱʫСѨ֣ҲʼԼ¿һ¡ 
ӱʫҿȵӱʫסʱ͸оѾĽӴˣרŹΪԣһȣԷͬʱȡƨɺӸղСѨˮʱѵɵָĴңⲻŬȡ 
ӱʫȻڻҲûʹʲôͽֳˡ 
ӱʫ˳ 
ָһ֪ͣӱʫѾ˲ӱʫֱһȣͦŴùͷĴȸʪضţֱӱʫɧ̵ˮ߳١ 
ӱʫ˵㲻Ҫȥһʱͣ¡ 
˵졭ĴӲֱͦͦ 
ӱʫ˵ǡ֡㡭 
˵ÿڿ𣿡 
ӱʫûд΢΢ſС죬ͷȥһ㣬˼£Ҳûôµģ̽ 
æ˵ӱʫҪ㣬ҧң 
ӱʫż̧ͣͷ԰Ц湻ɧˡ 
ӱʫ͸ϽѴ³ 
ЦӱʫŴȳӲͷ͵ֺ׼ԼıǼ⻹һֱͷ 
ʼôסͣô׶ҪȥͷӱʫС죬ֻܸպðѹͷסµ˱һֽŹͷӱʫһţһ߿ķӦʣ𣿡 
˵ 
ӱʫûо飬˰ֻѴԽԽӲͻȻһɰɫҺ۷ǽͷԽȥǺͷЪɾҺȫӱʫĿǻ档 
ӱʫȾ²һ£ٽ˱Ǭ 
ӱʫڰ˵Ҫ˼ҳЩ 
˵Բһʱ̲סӱʫ 
ʰ˵·ٱӱʫӱϴϴʱӲҪӱʫϴʱӱʫֵܾвֻځѣưӱʫǹ 
ϴ󣬰Ϊӱʫ·һ˵ӱʫ֪֪㴩ֿ߱ȼʽڿ㣬βԸУ 
ӱʫ˵ҴҲ㿴 
˵֪ҿԡ㱧ӱʫӱʫһ£ᣬ׼ȷĴϡ 
ššӱʫ˵ӡ 
ӱʫҪ߿ȴֱԺţͣӱʫ֣ȴĽӱʫһĴ 
Ķᣬӱʫֻ֣촽˱µĶӱʫŷȴͷȹӱʫΪѣԥ䲻ľ 
ӱʫǵϢңֻӱʫƨţӱʫû˵رרηϣӱʫѹҡ֦һ˫鷿ĥǰ 
Ϸſӱʫ죬ӱʫؿ鲻ֽͣϸߣӱʫҸ£ҪٽһַʱӱʫĽƿ˵죬δҪˣ 
˵أȴģӱʫĸԸĺš 
ӱʫֽƿ˵ǲǵ仹δĿĵ𣿡 
Ѳļ䲻磬˱·׼ʱ˵ӱʫһ˵㲻Ҫҵ˼ 
ӱʫ˵ô¾ͿЩ˵ɣ 
˵ģϣ꣬ҪΪôִ𲻳ֻ⵽ʱɫɫ۹ſ춿ҿչ˵ͳһҵһЩ˺¼ 
ӱʫ˵Ϊʲôң 
˵ֻϵͨѵ˵ϣƴ󣡡 
ӱʫ˵ǶлĹģ 
˵Ǿͳɣ˵شӱʫƨһ¡ 
ӱʫװ˵ӦСĵֻСɫ˵ͷڰıյ 
ӱʫó̷ܿܺȣԽܰѹ·ȫΪڽΪΪڽ¾ҺڰıϸеʮܰԼҲͲ 
ǰӱʫյ㣬˼¶֣˵ӱʫɽϵΣû˵ɽ˰졣 
춰ӱʫԵһɣµķ򣬸͵ѡ 
Ϻ󣬰Ϳǣں̲ɢܶ磬װ䱳ģ϶ȹװ׵ľӺֱۿˣſ´һ£Ŀе㲻˼ 
˾ţͻȻ˵Ҵȥĵط𣿡һھʹӦˡ 
ʱǣſִ룬ΪͻȻֱǣţ߹ɳ̲ԶȺһСɽҲԸȻһ 
󺣣ֻǣſʱͻȻ˵Ұ㣡 
ߵĴͷû˵𣿡 
ȿͷȥտʼҲûеֿеƲͷһ 
һˣǿϷŹûᣬ·֣ͷ̲סҲõĺššԼ֪Ϊλ 
յزſͷȥȹӺڿ㣬ָ٣;Ȼ˵ֻססѡǰ 
˵ãֻףҲˡ 
ϰͷ룬ͷſˡ 
̲ס˵ǡǡȴͦӭŰͷҲôˣͻȻȫһ´ﵽ˸߳ 
һȻ֪Ѹ߳ȫѹ⣬Թͷĥſ󺰣졭졭Ž 
ȴ˵˵ֻİ 
ĹͷȻĥͣͷŰĶֻӭ϶𻰣ţҽȥ𣿡 
΢΢һЦͱۣ˳һͦ˵ƭˣƭˣ顭顭һ㡱 
ѿ˫ſļϣʼβĿҲ˵Ϲɡԡһûϵˡĺ 
ӿ춯˫ּͷĿֺ׵ģҲǺˮĳÿһ飬Ƭ۵Ҳⷭװ׵ƨҲ϶ԡߡš˫һͷסһŨɽ緢˿ӹã·ŷضɼݡ 
ӱʫεıУʾǽѧ׶Ρ




07ͬ 

ӱʫͬһѧΪ˷ѧǱڴѧĸһλΪᡱһʽƽһλλ䣬豸ȫֻΪαס 
ȻͿǹһԣͿͬӣȴҪһһ䷿˽˵Ŀռ䣬ԣͿַ˯ 
ӱʫԭ㽫ֹȻҪӱʫмⲢʾû񣬶ǰ˼󣬿ӱʫҪʱȥʰо֣ԣӱʫҪչ˰ճϰչ˰ӱʫɽûԹԣӱʫԼҲԭ 
ǰ󣬰ȻλŮͬסӱʫй۵ΪӱʫѣܶзǷ֮룬ʱرᣬǲܺͿ׵Ŀռ䣬֪ӱʫ۵Ϊֻ͵͵ؽԿëëţȻͬ⣬ֻҪݵðëëš 
ѧӱʫȥϣԣԷᣬ˴ţ̤㿴ſڵձϣһֻ̨̨£֪Ѱô 
ӵϲͷЦһЦôҵһԪ棬ȡ 
ȴЦס۾ֱſ̵ϸߵĻԲβһȹ÷ζˣѩɫıȼʽڿ㣬ȫȻչ¶˳֮βϵĶסѽڵģʵ˿ñѪ硣 
Ŀ޵ĿţֱƵӯǸƤĴʱŵƵģһվԼԸв죬ƽֻҪˣػڶֵģݣĬĬֲ߹æȴ̧֣ͷһۡ 
ϲſһۣ㼴ǰһ죬ôԭ޹ҲӲӡ 
ôԭ޹ʡһְԲϣִࡣ 
ޣҪ˼һҪʰӲԭ 
˵ʰˣҰɣ 
ðɣִӹԭϣȴһֻϳëЬ 
һֻ̨̨£þͰȡһԪ 
㵽ɳ±Щ鱾ŵͽĿͼִʰҾӣͷִʰٸйⲻȥְԼǰһģһڰϣҪ壬ϱӵסҿӺ𣬴Լˡ 
Լİ˱ţȷ൱طϣȻͷͻͻǸе޵Ҹ 
ſգḧ㷢ССǣͼңƣеһѣֽ֫ԵïiֻΪΪ 
Ķڳƶ£Ҳʼ־Ȼ󵨵ǰº֣ߵ鷿ȫţʼգֱͦԲĴУֱ̰춷Ǹоʵ̫ˣοϷ֡ 
š̵ӯһҸͻãһʹǺˣֵ뻹ס 
ӵǰʹ˼ֱҵľ磬Ҳ֪˶ʱ򣬶˲ŻֿĿཻüĿʵ˵ࡣ 
ǰʹƵ˼ɫľޣʵļ£Ŀ΢죬˵޹⡣ֱóˣԾ̧ḧգדһ䣺Ǻ治֪㸸ĸôʹ 
˵ˡͷϣİ˵ů 
˵Ҫߣ뿪ҡ 
Сʮָж˫ΧĲӣͦأʵʵ˫ 
Ȼ飬˵ͷסڶԷǻڽǣö˽ʧ磬ƣٴιٿ鷿İգ̿гȡУظоµͦԲʱײĥ 
ͻȻƿæҪվΪţɳ˵ĹϵһʧȥƽҪϽҪסȴպýһҲûվڰŷСȡ 
ӵ壬˵ʲôҲͲסͷС죬ƴҸѣס鷿صว 
æܣȴ˵ҪСҪӱʫᡭŶ㡭Ŷ 
Ͽָҵͷţо⴫ֵֵͷȴ˻˱šûּϵֻ࣬ځѣɧˮԴԴ 
ĵĽ˵ףȻĽȹѩһϸ۵鷿¶Ȼаɫİ°ţԲͦʵջˣſĺйɵɶţʵ޷۰԰ֽ£ס鷿ĸʱŪ⣬ŪͷͦӲվò[ۣҡڣСֱ 
ָһǼ£鷿ͽͦ¶Բ˵Ƿۺɫͷ͹˵ˡ 
һʵڰˡΪزִԲ̡ͦǳǳķۺΣСͦͷ̲סͷ 
СѨʪ𤣬Ŀֻûڰ͵ڶΣ˫۲ס߽С 
ȹȫʱֻʣһȼڿ㣬ܿĽԼҲѵþ⣬ͦŴֱ͵ߡǬǬӣͷ͵÷Ȼɣſڱ㺬ס˹ͷºŪð¶ 
һ󣬰һͬɵɳϣֻϵζɧˮڿ㡣δС죬ͷĿǻŪ࣬һʱ㱣Ȼĺܵǵøˡ 
һڿǰͣһ̽ڴȸĴϸֵۣĸоȻʮֹ񫡣û⵽ֱֿϮָͷӴʪỬˮѾʪ͸ڿ㣬水˰ˮðָͷʪˡ 
ǰд⣬ֵıȼڿ㣬ڿֱʵŸ 
һһֻ˫ֱţҪֹû뵽ӷһָպȫף°ȫ¶ڰǰ 
֪ҪڣÿϢϽͷڿ֮䣬һ࣬˿ˡȫֵüֱҪ죬ϵ죬£ʱͷˮϣֱˮݷḻһ̣ȻʪһƬָͷƤſᴥǶӹˮøףͷβͦ߳ˡ 
̧ķȣѹסͷ˳ҵڣȲ໥ƨɶͦ˳ƾûѨУѹˮ졣 
˵ͷ˿Ѩͷɧͷε泩ޱȣס̧˫ȣô룬һ߲ţһĶ䣬ֱ˽г 
СϹҡˡٲ塭١ġúŶϹ 
ܵףƨɿٵĥ֭磬ɧġ 
ŶÿѽϹҿ첻ˡҪˡϿ졭ݲáá¡ԡáҡСҡˡ 
û꣬ѨĶסȻй˳ 
úгɾ͸Уøôľɣʱɧֳ̬Ĵד 
ԿšˡϹ㡭òáѨý 
áϹҡҪˡϹáˡˡ 
û˵꣬һָ߳ˡ 
ĹͷѨһУˮһ_ϴqɲֹͣѾˣֻͲ弸ʮ£Ȼ˳Ƶֽģٴſͷ 
񫣬ߵĶȴĴᵽСߣ캬סˮˮԵڶǡ˷ܼˣͷſǬŴС˳ 
ͿǽŪһͿϽʰ¿󣬰ȹϷŪʱ򿪣Ϳ㼱æķ˴·شʱͼӱʫֵĿǣû˵ô붨ӱʫͰڷƸ£ߵĶڰװ· 
Դ֮󣬿㿪ʼ԰ڵΪܣǲӱʫ찮ԣֻǨͿ 
һδԼϣʵU͵ģǵصĿʽظһ˫鷿൱зԻܹγһСص鹵¶Сѩ׵鷿ɰĴ鷿һţһĶȹ޳⻬չ¶šϵ·˲ʱwĽĿǡ 
Ϳ˰֣вٵջ񣬵ߵһӰԺʱһ뿴ĵӰӳһ𿴣Ǳ㵽ӰԺƱ춿ʱ磬Ϳ㵽Ĳ͡ 
ùͺǱ㵽ӰԺ볡ǽӰԺ󣬿ܵӰҵҵ仨ˮǿټĵӰԺֻϡϡʮڸ䣬ȻҲذӰƱϵλѡҽǵλ 
ӰƬӳ󣬿ѰŰܵů鷿ֱۼм䣬ˬˡ 
Ĵڲ࣬ȥĵӰԺҲûپܾѾڿ㰴ϡ۾ڰϣ촽ŶָѾڿԵѨƬůʪѨѨˮѾڰָϡ 
Ű˵ҪҵڿŪʪ 
ܿûˣŪ˫֮䣬λϣӰԺĹߺҲưðָСѨѨķ֣ǵڿŪʪĶԿ˵ǾͰڿ 
ᴷŰأ滵Ȼûйң˫Ķȹڿ 
ɬؽڰϣͿʼĴ鷿ᣬȻǱģǰ£ֵֽĿӽ⿪ 
˵ˣһô죿 
˵ȥϴּ任˵꣬Ѿϣһ˫鷿ȥʹһ˫鷿ڽȥ 
һٵİУ糺죬Ⱥڰϣʪ촽ڰţҲܻˡ 
̽棬˫Ĵ鷿ʱ͸һͺܿţ۾ûپܾʼ˫־͸鷿 
һֱţ֪һ˫鷿ԺܺÿͦԲִѿǼǽеԣԻǺ׷ 
ţ˫ڰֱϣƿȴôȥظȻûҲƾо֪°벿鷿¶˳Ȼһһ˫鷿ȫ˳ 
ǹڵطҪһЩȻӰĹߺܰҲֻÿ鷿¶һӣϿ飬԰ְ 
ſ֮󣬿ʱѾȫȺģϣְѿ§סŪĴ鷿Իλϣûκηһ˫鷿ŪţڵԵҡȥ˷ܵôֿʼˡ 
ڰ䶯ţһַֻȹĴĦţһһɨϸ۵ļȻĴȳһЩڲȥʱ򣬿ᡰһ 
СҪŰ֣ȴˣĶȹڣƺһ 
ѾŪĴ鷿ָֻ״ǰϴ궯ŪеͷŪþغߣ˵ĽдôŪţѾ˷ܲѣ͵ÿҪƿӡ 
ѿֱƵҸ£ԲĹĵĴ鷿ȫ¶˳ϰε棬һ¶ӰĻĹ߾ͻյ 
˵ҪҪ˼ҡ 
ûٷڿϣɰᱡһ˫鷿Ѿͷǿɰȥʱš˵ĽдҺõӰԸ˹ȥ 
ȫģ￿鷿鷿˱ţŪáҡÿȫطڰĴϡ 
ͷߣ㷢ȥǿɰԼĿ¶ǸѾǳʾʮֱֱָͦͦУѿ°Ѵ촽ϡ 
˵ÿڣ𣿡 
Ժ˵ҪҪ 
Ժģ֪ԼںδͺȻſͣô 
㷢һһڸ͡ 
ʱѿĶȹƵϣԲеԵƨ¶˳ֱӴ˽ָֻëɨɨȥӴĵط춿̲סаǰָŨܵë 
˿ˣ˵Ūȵʱٶ˽иΪ˱òĴ̼ 
ͣòˣڰĻ 
òˮֱﵽ߳ʱס߲ͣŪʹ˱ӺҪߺغһ£ⲻڰĹͷɵشתеʮִ̼һڿĿҺ 
԰ѿͷڰĿȥ 
һͰǣһ治ͣشߣѿ𣬰ѼӲߴӺ׼СȻҪֱȫ룬խĴİţǰҵذڶβסԲβͦͲ塣 
ָŪˣʹҧ촽ֹ 
Ǹ۽խвͣس壬̲סҪдæȥѰţҲϵŤ壬֪ѾҪ߳԰ؼӿ壬ʹĸ߳һ˽һˡ 
ͣϳ鴤ʹ߱ϵĽؼסѾֲ֧ס˱ǣҰߺݺݵڿŨŨľҺҲܵ侫ʱĸ߳ٴȫǸٻ༷ѹõǰδеĿС 
˲ãͿŷֿºİ֮󣬰ǼȹҲȻߵͨ죬Ϳӵһ󣬿ŵϴּ䴩¿㼰 
ϴּ󣬰ԿᱡûзܻӭڴʱӰϣܵһͬæ·뿪 
ͿǣֲӰԺ󣬰˵׵Ӱÿ𣿡 
˵㻹˵ԺҲ㿴Ӱ 
˵һҿɣ 
˵ң 
˵ȥղŵӰԺЩ£ֻ 
˵㻹˵Щɣ˵ѿԼȥ 
׷ǰһ§ֻΪΰ§ţҲ·Ĳڰֱۺϣһĸо§ֻȥĴƨɡ 
ƨɻеأ§˵ 
Ѱϣһʩʼȥתͷװһۣؿæϣ˼Ƴ̳ᡣ 
Ϳ󣬼ӱʫѿߵɳ£ÿĴϣһ 
ҪȥŤͣǺǵЦţ 
Ц˵ţ˼һ𣿡 
ʲôҲû˵ĬĬŰ۵㽿ߺ죬鲻ԽѿСһȻһʱԣԺſС죬ðͷǡ 
ֿʼԽԽĴڿĴ̽Ť壬˫赲§ڻжҲ㲻û취춷ᱡࡣʧѹɳϣ£زôҲֻס֮飬ĽһƣͷֻּҲ޷ֹ鷿Ƕ鷿Բϸۣοİܱǣؽ麬˱̯ɳĵأšҪҪϡԡſϴһ顣 
޼ɵŵĵţħ˿ĶȹڣСڿ㸧һţϸ˫æסԼܻ԰ջǵֲס಻Ĺ˽ȥֻСڿһƬʪʱʱصָͷͷԲȦſٵĺһһʵҪȥСڿ㣬żſͷͣŤ㡣 
󶼽ƿ˵Ҫϴ裡 
һҲ˵ҲҪϴ 
ȻǲԸ⣬Ҳ𲻴Ӧͽԡңе˵ҡ 
ԡҰѸٵȥ·ԵеΪ飬Ű˵ϴˣȳȥ 
пôȥӺͷ·ջڰ֮£Լ 
·˫ֱػһߵģп@ߡ˵ģİֲǹ¾ˣ۵ߺˣˮ£СȻ嶼ȴʪ 
˵ԡϣĨĭϴſİֲӺֵǰţһʼûʲôְ˫Լ˫֪ٸ㵰ˣһ£û 
Ц˵㷢˰ 
ߡһûɫһתȥҰ 
ĨĭϸĵĴϴţ˵ţôֻϴһѰ 
˵а˵ûϴ 
תָͦ㿴ﶼûϴ 
һߵģ㲻Լϴม 
ϸСְֲߵεεĨĭ´궯ϴţָ̲סมม߳˵һֱ 
ε˵˼ʲô취 
ֺЦûʵڲ֪˵ʲôǛ_ϴϵĭһԡͷԡײ˵ܴ˿ţǱͦ˫ԼţеԵʵ̫ˣ̲סֱſزƣַϣŪſ㷢ߵˮ۾Űߺ죺һֱ˼ 
ëסǷ۵鷿ߵص͵ͷ֪ΪͦżϸС֣ȥӲǵҺรҺòð 
ɴ˵ʲô㻹Ҫ 
ͷµͷƤҡҡͷ˵Ҫ㡭ȥɦŪĿǺǣЦȫҲ 
æ˵ˡҰ㣬ͣ 
궯ŰĴǵأܲ㡣 
Ĵû̳ŵıֱͷ͵û˿ƣſԲ˫΢΢Ļţ֪齻ĸо˵ţ齻òã 
˵ʲôͦҲ֪ǰͽ͸ɬ˵ǵأôôడ 
ԡ׵ıԵǰϸС־Űһӵ껬ĴŪŭȫȣͦ˵˫壬鹵˳˫ѹסԼ˫壬̽Եس鶯˼£鹵ϸۡʮ㣬ƮƮɵĳˬޱȡ 
ԼĹͷ϶ǰ̽ͷʱʱصس壬ΪðõѣſС캬ŰĹͷ˱Ū˫صݵˬеģͷ˱ģͣӿٶȣǻû侫ĳ嶯ǸոѾйһ˰ɣüε˵˼Ūôãֺร㻹䡣 
˵Ǿͱˣ 
ˮĴ۾Űء 
Ц˵ûϵһ̵ס 
̵˵һǰŪˣҪȻǺܵء 
߳ԡף㸩˫ַԡױߣԲ۵ƨߺ˵㡭ɡ 
߳ԡף棬ڿϣſϡëһһڳԵúܸˣˮһһͣſྥ׳׼ſ֭Ѩ 
һͦͻǽʪƨһȫûСѨУššϵķӦĺų鶯£ʵĿһżģУЩ 
ͬѼ˵ţýŪҺม 
ֺЦðûҲͷ壬õ˿Ĺʼͣеʵ̹ߺ졢ۼΣߵؽ񴭣ͻȻߵͨ죬ѹõ͵͵Ĳ̧𣬿ѨʮֽխСѨڻ䶯˱˿ԲסϾͻһйǧ 
ڿⱳϣ˵ţ治 
ֻѿͨ˵ţû۸˼ҡ 
§ſ˵۸㣬ء 
ſͦƨɼٳСѨ䡰һӹһķԡױߣֳһ£ֻκ𡢽֣ģʵǿɰˣżҵŤβͣǰţͦ鷿ǰǰĻζšššϸϸᴭӭϣԲ۵ƨɬŰĳ塣ϸ۵ʳָ۵΢΢һеģ˷ܼˡ 
°ȡЦֻĺߡššɰѨⲻͣ䶯о̲סʧеСˡ 
Ѩһʪȣһɹ̵ճֳֻҺ̱ڵذϣϢһ͹Ľ߳䶯ĸоΪԣʱҲܲסˣСѨʮֽܣʱĸΪͷqܱǣоͣͳ󣬲ȫ˵Сˡͣҡ 
̵ôһ̴ͷĵסģеһѣˮɽͰͬʱ߳طԡױߡɬϣţȭͷ鳴ţģֻ֪۸˼ҡ 
˵ţ˼һʱ̲סԺ󲻸 
˵ḧſβŪǶԱĽ飬İһ˵˵˵̲ס㿴ˡ 
§ããһΣ 
̾һˣʵû 
˵ţղźˡ 
ߺ콿ߵ˵ô˵˼ҡ 
ѩ׵񾱣˵𣿡 
˵˵Ժ󶼲Ҫңһ⻹ˣڿСѨɻûγ˵ڰӲǿãһһʵĳ£̲סϸϸᴭ 
˵ʲôսٻغϿ˭ 
˵ͣ 
ЦЦ˵Ŷ 
һ˵ܻأ۸ҡ 
װɵͷ˵𣿡 
ʵֺЦСЦţЩϴȥϢɣ 
Ȼ˵ðվ˳ڰԸֽϸĵŰԼϴðж˹ıˣţãԺһҪúñ㡣 
ƿЦ˵㲻Ҫ۸Ҿͺˣ֣Щϴɣ 
ϴϸĵ㷢ֻһȥأڿĴС˵ţ˯ 
ɵ˵㲻طร 
˹ȥ§˻ҽҪһ˯ 
аЦ˵һ˯̫ΣˣҪ㡣 
Ҫúñˣ֪ٴˣҲ޿κΣҸͦǼ˵Ц˵֪Ͳร 
ſ˵֪ͺáε̾һ




08 

ӱʫѾͬӡ˸£ѧӦ˱μӴѧеӭᣬӱʫ컨˴ȥ磬׼μᡣ 
˺ܾãӱʫ춻ױϣһ֮£һϮȹ¶ѩ׵ĴСȣϴһ˫ܸ߸ĿɰЬġӱʫǼȹڵ͵͵ģظ¡һ˫鷿ʮˡӱʫ˵òĸǧĿڴſӱʫǸò˼ͬ˵㿴ô 
˵ûô 
ӱʫ˵ڿԳ𣿡 
˵ԣԣǣ˱ǰᡣ 
᳡ʮֶˣ֣ӱʫñ꣬һʼ裬ӱʫ裬Щۣػ᳡ɳϢ 
Ϣһ󣬸պһ˵֧ˡ 
δбʾҲÿɷҡ۾ȻͣŰǱߣ⽫뿪һͷ 
ӵס̤ŽŲоǰⲻ᲻صѹȵúȻŮѵѣ˫ֻ̲סϸţ͵͵ʩѹ˫ԼţеԵУʵ̫ˣĴڿ㵵ֱͦ 
Ķеأ鷿ĥģһܵ´ѹȣͨ졣ѣպͣ¸ʱһ֧裬òϻǵý롣 
һ裬Ӵ󵨣ֻ§ýģ˫̵ֻԲƨҡŷҪѣ귴ѹøһֱĥߺԵǷӲߵϸˣĥĸоСѨе㳱ʪƿ꣬§øżš 
ʱ貽ƫƧɳϣÿɳϣˡ 
ħǰ鷿յģҪֱָֽУͣĶͷͷӲˣԣֻܲϵֹ˵ҪҪ 
ֻڿϵζɧˮСڿ㡣δС죬ͷĿǻŪ࣬һʱ㱣Ȼĺܵǵøˡ 
һּڿǰͣһ̽ȹףڴȸĴϸֵۣĸоȻʮֹ񫡣û⵽ֿһֱϮָͷӴʪỬˮѾʪ͸Сڿ㣬水˰ˮðָͷʪˡ 
ʱѾ⿪ͷͳˣȻͿţһסŴǴӲˮûȥߡ 
һĽ䣬ǰмϡԵס᳡ĵƹ谵˸ע⵽߲Ŷԣʹ˿ҲʶȤ߿д⣬ֽȹСڿһֱʵŸ 
һ˫ֱţҪֹꡣû뵽ӷһָպȫף°ȫ¶ǰ 
֪ҪڣÿϢϽͷڿ֮䣬һ࣬˿ˡȫϵ죬£ʱͷˮϣֱˮݷḻһ̣ȻʪһƬָͷƤſᴥǶȻסƨһ죬ʳָԼһĸˡ 
ӹˮøףͷȻ㲻ԸӦȴʹβͦӭӸ߳١ 
꽫մɧˮϿӣѲ涫ϱֱſС죬ʱ޷ȥץס˫ףӣڿѨڣˮմʪ˹ͷ£׼ƨһȫСѨʱͿӱʫͿϿ·ʰСڿִϴּ䴩Сڿ㡣 
ϴּڻΣŷѵУױŪͬʱ裬಻׼Ͱἰ 
ص᳡ʱͬѧ죬Уߵͬѧߣܿ굥ദ 
ӱʫԹĵ˵ôˣɫǺܺã 
˵ûµģûµģ 
ӱʫ˵ǽһã裬𣿡 
˵ɣ 
ӱʫ˵𣿿裡ӱʫŰ衣 
ӱʫߺ㾡ͬѧԣܿ޷ٽһ׵ñˣбʱݾߡ 
ӱʫһӱʫ鵽᳡䣬Ӧһ᣻ߵ᳡Ļ԰ɢʱǹ㣬£óʫ黭⡣ 
̲סוӱʫӱʫûзԣǱ°ɢ˭֪һ̣ȻӱʫࡣһžͶ׵£ʹظŽͷĵʣôˣ 
ӱʫ̧ͷ˵ܲݵزƽһСŤˡ 
һ߰ӱʫһ˵𶯣ҸǬط£һࡣӱʫ첽سԱߵһƬСȥ 
ƬСԾڻ᳡һÿðľ뻨ԣӱʫŵʯֹҲڵ£ӱʫŤ˵ֻţԼ棬СĵѵЬӣȻŽࡣררչӱʫ 
ŽĶСȵİֽӱʫۻļɽŰֱ䶼ɨ÷粻ӱʫʱʼȥһҿڣȫʹֱǶ飬ԵһֻдСè 
ܵӱʫջĿȾõһ㣬ԽԽˣָǣɽŵǵȣɴǻؽŰ壬ûŤ˵һֻ಻Źصĺʼ֡ 
ӱʫ泩ýŰð˽ȥʮֺֻŵñֱһ²˿ֽһСȸԼ粲ͷŽŰ壬˫ָСȣԵ֡ 
ӱʫ濪Ĵȹӳſ¶ɫСڿ㣬⾡йʱÿٶȣѼϿŵȷ£ӱʫȹӷϣңڿҲ˷ʱȥѣ־Сڿĩˣһ鵽ȵİڣ¶ʪ妵÷ӱʫ˵ҪҪҪŪʪ˼ҵڿ㣡 
ûлӦ㽫ͷӱʫ֮䣬һڱӱʫСѨϣʱӱʫˣӱʫ漴һУ³ѽޱһ 
ӱʫŰһһŪӱʫʱְֻͣ۵޳ȣ߸ߵŵüֱӲÿŪһ£˫ȾͶһһƨɻһͦţнذŰĽӭ͡ 
ȻڰĳϿӱʫˮǷȴԸ߰ȷˬòɿǺ޼ϵĥġ֨֨󡱽죬ͺ񼸸˳ŽϱߵϴʱĭƤĥϣͷ㻹Ͳġʮ£ӱʫѡޡޡޡز˼Ѿ˵һθ߳ 
ʱת˻УӱʫŲɷʯƣӱʫԲƨ𣬰ͷǰͦԽԽһֻڣһ鷿ڴشꡢץ࣬һֳֳ⣬ָͷ٣ӱʫøңкøˡ 
ʱͷӽӱʫڵŪͻȻӱʫ㶶ֵͣõһθ߳йһ 
֮ӱʫȹӱʫߵͨ죬ӱʫûӱʫӵһ󣬰ӱʫĶȹڸƨɣӱʫ˵ղŷҵʱ򣬻δ𣿡 
˵һ֪ӱʫֵĴȥ 
ӱʫְĴӲ𣬱˵ 
˵ң 
ӱʫ˵ҪҪ߿ӱʫȻҪûֻŰĴ 
ٽӱʫţӱʫѹԼͬʱӱʫеĴԼĥСѨٴβˮ 
ǻһָоȻеɬ˷ּΣӱʫᵽоӱʫ˵ӱʫӣѾϰȻҲͷӱʫﹴ˽ȥͷѾӭӰĽͷͲһ𣬽ҺҲһǵ룬֮ڣһ 
ӣŴӼΪظ뿪ӱʫ˵Ҫ˵ЩӱʫȻ˵㵹ȥ˳ư˹ȥԭǸطĹ߱Ƚϰʱ԰ˡ 
ӱʫľٶ֪ѿʼ飬ѡϰĵطңðԷŵһЩǵĶ 
᱿Զǰƾӱʫ嵽ţڵȹ鷿ϰţӱʫҲŰ°뿪˫ҲڰĥͷڰϣһСˣĸоͬʱҲʹ󼦰ͦſӺȹӣٴӱʫСĥšӱʫУôĥѾе㽿 
ͻȻнŲ߽ӱʫѰƿӱʫжأǰпӵ֪һ߹ûзǣߺ󣬰ӱʫ߳ӱʫߵͨ˵㲻ã֪ǿ 
˵Ӧÿߵˣӱʫ˵ȥʱӱʫȹѾǵصģڸ鷿ʱ򣬻鷿Ūһ¶ȹ棬Ŀת 
ӱʫ˵㿴ôʱŷѵǣæ· 
ӱʫ˵ӱʫһδɲԡ 
ӱʫ˵㣬ҪС 
ӱʫδ˵˵ԲȥҪһθδɷ򣡡 
ӱʫ˵Щģ뵽 
һӱʫݣʱﲢûˣٴӱʫиڱ˴ƣҵĴϡ 
ӱʫ˵û˷֣𣿡 
ӱʫ˵ҸղδΪӦ㣬Щߣδߵͼ 
ӱʫӣӱʫֻɰځѣӱʫĴߣ㽫ӱʫȹ£ֵӱʫ˫磬˳ƽӱʫȹһ֣ӱʫѩ¶˳ӱʫȹֱȹϡ 
춸ղڻ԰߲㿴ʱŷӱʫֻ޼ּȼ԰״ɫСڿ㣬˵㲻˵ᴩЩڿҿ𣿡ָָӱʫСڿ㡣 
ӱʫߵ˵ǿ˼ҵ·㿴ǲᴩ㿴˵ƿ׼ʰصϵĶȹ 
ӱʫ˵㲻Ҫߣֻד㴩úÿܹչֻԲƨɣ㲻ôС𣿡ٸƨɡ 
ӱʫ˵˭ҪדңЩ֣ͣ־һӱʫηĻУȻһʼе΢ֱ˵ҪҲûиҵΪǰֽ鷿ȥ 
סӱʫزĴ࣬ȻǸ֣еزʵʮֵļֵͦӱʫıȥ֣˺ܾҲֵĿۣӱʫ֪ⲻֱ˵㲻Ҫٽǰ棬㲻Ҫ 
ǿϷŹᣬֵӱʫǰ׵ؽ֣鷿ְͦƯķۺɫͦţ鷿˷ 
־ӱʫ鷿ˡĴȫסӱʫ鷿еذӱʫ鷿ȥģΪΪֲڵӱʫѾͦͷĥĥȥزĿӱʫʧӱʫ˫ҲſˣȻֵӱʫķӦֽӱʫڿڣŪӱʫӱʫʱڰϣǱ㽫ӱʫڳϣȥ˱ӱʫͷ 
ӱʫ赲ĸ鷿ţҲĴͷһĽӲˣĵֿҲ 
ҪҪ 
šššҪ 
ӱʫŪʧȥĻ꣬ȻŲҪ˫ıŰͷšš 
㲻Ҫӱʫ΢˵ 
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š 
ӱʫץסĹ 
һѹ 
ֹ⽫ķԽֻӱʫʼҲеġ 
ڰҵݼ£ӱʫﲻŰۺɫͷѾΪݼͱӲˣһһԼĿӣԼĴ˳Űһķ۵СѨָӱʫ˰ȥ춸ղŵݼӱʫѾдˮڳֽʳָӱʫСѨֻӱʫһŰָͣн 
ʱ죬Ĵ˳ôӱʫСڿСѨĥӱʫôĴ󷢣Ťڲѣˮʪǿ㣬Ҳϡ 
ӱʫ⿪СڿԵ״СѨСڿ¶չ¶ڰǰŰͷƵСѨϣӱʫͦƨɽСѨ͵ǰʾҪڽթֻ֪Ĵڲࡣ 
ӱʫߵ˵СҡҺܡŤҪСѨ 
˵ô 
ӱʫ̲סļ尾˵ҡҡСѨҡڽ 
ͷӱʫСѨǰѨˮĳ֣ñǼⴥ£˳˼СѨϢܣܾ͹ഩȫֱ嵽Ѫǵÿ׳ 
ššҡҡ 
ӱʫȻϣʼͽѨڣȡӱʫ֭áá桭˫ץŰǬðͷƬӱʫÿʼ˽С 
С硭硭ááˬ 
򡭿졭һ㡭Ҫ硭硭࡭ͷ졭á㡭ġ࡭ͷ顭ҡ 
ˮӿֱ_ҧĴСˣʹֱ 
ˡ硭ááˡ 
มô⡭ô桭ҡҪҪܡ࡭࡭ҡһ㡭С 
ӿٶȵרˣƬͷ˵¡ػصĹţһҲֹͣġ 
ӱʫȻֽŰͷƼ壬ûѨڣӲܺûֹͣĹ򵽣德Σ򷭰ףĺĴУ硭硭ҡҡˡááҪˡҡ㡭ҡ 
ӱʫֻˮޣˮɽ鱬䵽̱ڳϣϵһˮſϰݡ 
ӱʫ硭׸硭硭㡭ġ࡭ͷááҡҡӡûС⡭ôˬ 
Ϣһᣬӱʫ˻ſڰϣӱʫߵ˵㳣۸ң 
˵ϲ۸𣿡 
ӱʫ˵Ҳ֪߿ˡ 
ӱʫ˵㲻Ҫһδ۸ϣ 
ӱʫ˵ 
ָĴ˵㿴Ҫô죡 
һѽ 
ӱʫЦ˵Ұòã 
Ҫôһ˼ҲûУ 
Ҫӱʫɵ 
ҪҴ 
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ҪȻҪӲรв˵ 
ֻӱʫͷȥ˰˵Ļȥͷµ˰ĴһҲûţǷ۵ĵ鷿ͱ޴ĴģѾ˵ˡ 
ӱʫץƵģѰƮƮɣǰѰŹͷص˱ţȻ𲽽ԭʧȻٶظ֪ȥһصģϽӱʫͷձرѹסû 
ӱʫٶе⣬ֱʣôˣҴĲ𣿡ɡ 
ʵٸķ۵زʱоһ뷨ˣľϣӱʫܰ齻Ͼܰ齻ŮվܷŹء 
˵İ齻𣿡 
ӱʫɬ˵㻨أ 
ӱʫڰĴϣ۵鷿ӳǰˮ 
ӱʫĺĵד̾ 
ӱʫʲôҲû˵ͷ͵͵˫ַķ۵鷿ס鹵䲻ͣĳ̣⶯йðֱĸоӱʫҲͣشؿΪͣоҪ侫ʱΪ 
ӱʫѹ˫ֲͣؼѹ鷿ͣǰӱʫΪͣĴðԽԽ죬ѵĹͷʱʱ֣ͣӱʫ鹵оԼͷѸ֪ͣҪˣϽӿٶȣȻһҺۿ˱̯ϡ 
һᣬӱʫЦЦ˵Сɫ㿴ӱʫָָǰ˵Ū˼ȫҲľҺЩ 
ӱʫԡң˵ң˳ȥ 
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ӱʫػ᳡ҵ󣬿ֱʰӱʫȥôãӱʫֻý͵ɢֻǡ 
ᵽĩʱͬѧȻó֧Ƴ͵͵᳡ʱ˶ı֣ÿ˶о󣬱㿪ж£ӱʫ̬ԣ˱뿪᳡ 
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ӱʫ˯ˣΪǸ£ӱʫŮѣֻůˮΪĨ 
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ȶ¶˳ȹֻһĴȣȣȲʹطֿȹڸǵסڿ㶼һȴȻ˯š 
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˫ڿ⻬ĴϸָܿѾĴȸڲวšһ߸ظǸ·оʵ 
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ѿǼСڿȥͳĴڰ󣬰ǶȿСѨʪġ 
ͻȻһ㣬Ժ˵Լң 
Ҵе죬Ǻ°˵ţСɫѾ㻹Լ𣿡ͷҲֻЦЦĬ 
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СѨѾ˽ȥͦȥѨܽխģҲеԵģǰĴܵĿˮ֮ 
ΪƨɺеԵģݺƨײȥƨְúͿӺֱ˫ܡ 
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վڴأҡŴڿѨ壬ĽˣֻСߺšѨ֭˺ܶÿεĴʱҺɽȥʱС󡱵ײˮ 
ɵȫۺһ˫鷿ͦŰĳ»ζţ˼Ȼоڳ˽鷿ץȥȺģеѾǺܼģָ鷿ٵͷʱѾס֣˫뿪Լ鷿ԸŪ鷿 
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ͦѴѨһͦȻټӿٶȣӣɵ˫ҲڴŤСҧ촽ţҿ첻Сҿ첻ȥ 
Ѩһʪȣһɹ̵ճֳֻҺ̱ڴϣ͹Ľ߳䶯ĸоΪԣʱҲܲסˣСѨʮֽܣʱĸΪͷqܱǣоĴͣͳ󣬲ȫ˵Сˡͣҡ̵ôһ̴ͷĵסģеһѣˮɽͰͬʱ߳ 
Ժִܴ󣬹ͷﻹðľҺǰͷŵߣһĴС㿪ʼ˱Ĵ 
Ĵ󼦰ŪŪҺŪÿϣ֪ڶ˱ǴִĴֳ鴤£γʱԵľҺŮѵ촽ϻǣһ˿״ߡ 
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  09Ϯ 

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ǣŰıѧϰ͵͵ѧ˼ԮһλԼʮŮʦ⼸¿Ľܵʦדָͣ٣һדСŮƮƮȻҲŬϰ˿Է⣬Ըһϲ 
һ죬ֻпʰ춲ˣԿΪ㣬ֻһ¶Сļһ㣬ֶȶ˵ġ 
ʱպ÷ᣬǿɰβҡҷˣ͵͵ĴӺ§ 
ͻȻһŤȻزȥûʱĽѾɨû뵽һʱˣʧȥƽ⣬ѽһ˶ڵϡ 
УԲ𣡡æתŰǱӣЦǺǺǣôɫģûеó˰ɣ 
Ѱƨɻеʹװݺ˵ôѽ㣡ı׷𣿡 
Цͣ˵ǼзǹٶҾ⼸жԸ㡣 
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˵ǰоϲ𣿡 
¿һ˷ѧֳ˻ؼңӦȥѧպð͡ǡ뻢ڣɫӱ§ͱзǹ鵹ˡ 
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Ż룬ҵʦŮʦôv. ָŰ˵ǣĵ˵ôڻʹʹղˤʹ𣿡 
ѾʹˣţȴʹúˬͻȻ§һѹɳϣοûз 
ƿ˵˼ʰô࣬㻹롭롭ɡұˣ 
˵ðɣô࣬ұ㰴ĦΪĦ 
ƿ˵ҪӱʫΪ飡 
㱧˵뷿𣿡ȿ𸲱ķڴϡ 
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˵˴·Ħɣúֻ֖ɰȥĵ㣬ȥ¶Сģʱֻһ޼Ķ֮һֱּһ԰ıȼСڿ㡣 
Ӳ濴ĿȻѺͰйιϵɬúܣģɰСڿ㣬СڿķԵøˣȻ⋠ǰϤģǴʱ˿̰һ͵ͷое֡ 
ʱĿνߣӲ˵УҪǡô˼ҡһ᲻˼˵߽ȥ 
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Ǹоףŵ˵⡭ǡҡҡǡǡ 
Ц˵ֻҪúܾͺãOK 
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ǰĿӵһʶķڰӡıһҲ͸ഺϢȴδΪԻϰԵЩɬȴ޷δ󷽵ĸԣһѰ֬۲ͬرں֮ǱīݵģڵĿͰſڰǰΪŶյ˫ȣô覣¶һЩڿ㡣 
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ôһ˵Խޣ˼˵Уôȵӱʫ 
ſСȱ˵ӱʫ˺𣡡 
ȻȽϷˣ˵ĽǶӦ80ְɣ 
ЦŴǺܸ֮߰ǡԼأ 
ֵſСȶ䣬˵ٷ֣һЦ˵ȱมôˣ 
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ֲϵϮеطܿȴҲ޴ӣҺðᣬҲϸ壬ŪܣⲻЩԼ뷨Ҳ 
ƺֹ̽ôòĦȥ棬һΣϰɾûٲڱ̫ˣûСע֣кü͵͵شĿ£δŮӣ춱ĸоһҲİȴɱУֱһŴԼѹе𾪵Ľг 
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ˣ˵춱е̲סгǰƾ²ԶĴڲว˾ߣе彥ķӦ 
ҡͷ˵ᣬţаúţеһ˵ţϹǶ𡭱𰴡һᡭߵġ 
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øõξֻܾ֪ΪֵĸȼĿԽԽǿһ˫ȼȫܣรˡЩԼУˣ𡭱 
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쵽ʣſ𹤷 
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ÿյȴоΪԸжʪȳҺһϮ 
ֿβְɹ£ӹȻӴڲٶȰӿ 
̲סߡðԼʱϣͣǶวһ£ȴ˵ˡСšŪ˼Һรššš𡭱ٰ 
ֿһһҺѹڿ㷺˵Ƕ˵Ķֱ̽˵ǲ 
ŪѾ԰ΣŤƨ˵УȡЦˣššมšôɣôϸ壬Ƕ𡭱ûѾŤŰʱʱҡΣšСáášٰǶ 
Ц˵ 
Ū˫ȷҪſţһվסţ˵ҰɡáǶášʱ˵ĻѲɾ䡣 
ſ˽ˮѰڿմʪڿĸоڿĿ߽壬Ӧò¶¶ģǾָСѨŪ£ˮʪ͸ڿ㣬ڿʪм佥ֳһˮأΪûб¶طĵðŪһԺܵëڿֳ˫ȲδſԿĲޣ˰ζڣβסԼĳ嶯㻺óȥʱָ»ʱָͷ˷ܶ״СѴ鵴Ծķֿ˫ȣðɵطšš߽ 
ĿȻҪҪάһ˿Ů˵֣ǹȴҲҪο 
ԾĽƨ̸ðḧڣָѾĵǶˮѨڻͬ͡ʱеʣţ𣿡 
ֻصĲ֪˵ЩʲôֻššСš 
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ʱѾ޷еСѨ飬ʮָ봲֮УʹȫŤĿʱعͷͻȻְȻ¶ĴڿĦͦʱĿҲ˲߳ܣһ죬ͽ˶ĴץסǰŪվڿıӿٶȵڿѨгͣҲĴ34C顣 
ţ𣿡˵ˡСšมš 
ͻȻڴϣţĴſڿĦʼӭϰĽ࣬㿪ʼſľ硢ȥǵ鹵ʱһͷȻܽ⴩ͷ⣬ҲֻǸպһĸоˡ 
ֻһСҪĽӴÿȫԾҪֹҪǬԽȥ̶յ鷿ϣ뽫һãͻȻֹ˵СҪּ⡣ 
ֽƿֵı⿪ֵĿӣڴϣһںס˿ߵͷȻһұߵͷţ͵͵ġšһöˣĸо 
㽫ͷţȻһ˫ͷ͵˳Ըÿͷϸǣȴ˵ҪҪŪҡ 
СûʱҲ̲סˣϣ˷ڴϣͦߵ˫Σ⿪ڿһߵİڿ㻬һ룬β¶һ֪Ҫ⿪ڿһߵİ׵˿ڿ㣬ڵ£ʱѾױ¶ڰǰԾ 
βȷʪʪ𣬽΢΢СѨƺĵĴֱܳ룬ʱ֪ˮɣ˫ֻǰ˫־ſ˫飬ʱָͷѺͻͷÿĿдȫ 
춱ˣѽ֡ɬ׵⣬һͦպýӴĴһĿٶȴȫʱȴֻͦĴڶĦķ壬СѨٴεߣĴմ˿Һڳֵ£ѸײڶٶȣСѨУһСųֻͣܿѨһһŵĽʵУܵʵĴҲѨڵıʵһΣǰƶβʱҲѾһһŵس˫ַſһ˫ְ˫Σÿһ£Ͷһ£һƨɻһͦţнذŰĽӭ͡ 
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ŶŶҡҪϹ塭ҡҡϹ찡ӦܲǷᴫȥ档 
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һΣϹʲô 
󡭴ˡϹĴҡҡ졭ϹͣҪˡϹһ㡭ԡԡûϵˡɧˮ絽ϡ 
ʱԽԽ죬ӿԳͳٲſСѨӹײԵĳ鴤ⳡĦϷѵβۡ֨ڿžҺһһɾҺ䵽СѨҲˣҺСѨﵹδϡͬһʱ䣬ܵ㶶ͣޱȵĸ߳촭 
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䶯ƨɣſ˵ӲˣһΣ 
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ľܾҪػﵲס¾ͱƽˡ 
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鶯ͣʼˡ 
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ޡޡзӦˣššǻӡ 
˵˵һұ㲻ɣͣףСѨ 
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ƨ̣ڽűղиеǴ֣ĥεøˮʱһǿҵҲӹ֮С 
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ֹ죬ʰƷӱʫڴѧϰҪЩŻᣬֻпһˣ̧Ϻ󣬱ɳϢؿ˯ˡ 
ʱе·Ū鷿ʱΪǰ׽Ūӱʫڴѧһѹϣٿʱ˾꣬˵ôЩ߿ӱʫͿ 
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겢ûлشͷʼǿգӣȻֵֿв 
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ץסұ鷿ͷסۺɫͷţҧţ̲סϮֻͷ˱ſ鷿ۺͦͷҧģȻš 
鷿Ҿ͸֭˵ 
أԴ󷢣׾Ľ⿪ĿĶȹԭѽСǿڣëïܵĴ͸С㣬ʳָָֿïܵëָ˳ŻʪҺѨڡ˫ȣЮſ䣬ʹ겻룬ֻøĴڲ࣬ʹ 
ô˻ᣬڿеָڣָѨڣ조รรϸϸʱʱԼΪα边пС 
ָůʪѨУļİϷŤڲѱܿħ֣ˮȴʪǿ㡣 
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ʱͻȻ뿪ȼ䣬һʱʹŹ꣬಻֧εǰΪ·ſο˵ôҲȥҪұɣ 
ͻȻӱʫĽͷһŶ׷ȥʱ˵Ҫ׷Ҳ֪ҡ 
ҲǺõģΪ˰֪Щ£ںܴĴ˵ðɣϢһ˵ 
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綷ܹһԲˣºѧչ 
ߺȥӱʫӱʫ¸ӱʫϣʰӱʫ߻ᡣ 
ӱʫŰ෬οӱʫƽ˵޾ɺãӱʫؾܾҪԴ󷢽СǿҺðłѣӱʫͷŹԭ 
ӱʫձϴϢԡʱֻһTʱ˵IΪ˵͡ 
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  10 

ӱʫЩǿûҶؼססڣһԲЩģӱʫ¸֪ҶҶҪЩӱʫɵ£ԣ㾭źӱʫһѧ¿Ρ 
ֱһ壬ӱʫͻȻҪȥưƣֻ׷װʵϢض̷ϸϺ˿£̻һƬѩ׵ؼַϸ֮⣬Űм䣬ɿɰ鹵ջ˿±Ȼ͸ȴɢ˫ϣ͹СС㣬ٶһ۲£ĺɫСס 
Ÿǽȵ׵ɫխȹϸʵСԲ̵ζ˵״ȹӻǰһҪĿ棬ֱѵ蹵¶ŷ۰ɫ˿࣬ŵ£һ˫ɫĸ߸ЬеһУĪŮԵĻ 
ӱʫھư˺ܶƣûк˵ôȰЩȥӱʫܾ˸ƣƽʱľˣֱʿŽƳ̳ᡣ 
ڻس·ϣӱʫԺ˯ˣֱʻʱűӱʫᣬеĺӱʫԲԲ°ͼɰŵƤһĨǳǳ۲ʣüë̶̵Ҷ״ͦСӣ촽ͿŷۺĴ࣬ԵóˣĿһССOΣʮˡ 
ʹĻУǿóߖIͣȴֲŮϸĹǼϣǷǡô壬ӽһš 
ȴûõĵôˡ 
Կ׿ź󣬺ȻӱʫŻһθ˺üڻҺתͷ⣬ûµϣȴ̣Լ·ǣֳڱǡ 
ӱʫȻһѽƿĵܽײһȰڵԡңȻŻµ 
ϴţߵԡſڣѾڵϴͰһƬǽ塣ְˮ_³Ķҵڵϡ 
һ߹ȥԡˮʱӱʫǰûʶˣǬԼ֣һۻѵСףȻ˿£죬Ȼû֣һһĻҡŶǰǼûɫζˣһʺɫСӣҡ 
ⲻ嶯ǿ򶨣ĳխȹ˺ô󹦷򣬲ҵȹͷĻᣬȹӳ𣬾Ϳµĺɫǿ㡣 
ȥĸ߸Ьȥǿ࣬ϧִֽţǼѺãѾ˿ͳŲٴˡ 
ʱͷʼӱʫѾȫ㣬Ͼε٣˵ߣܲС¹ײ 
̿ˮĵĽǿҲȥëϡ٣صĵطȴΪ˫ȼŲܿ 
վˮѾߡ˷¶ȣȥˮͷȻӱʫŽԡӱʫҲˮźߡһ£Ҳ΢Цʰ·ϴ·ϴõ¶̨ϡ 
æһӱȡһëԡ׵ˮš£̯Լʱˬࡣ 
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䵹ҵµĸӣʱɵۣûô࣬ôζᬘĿŮ£ֻȡһ׿ؾģϡ 
Ȱֱ鷿ϣ˫ִָ˱۵һˣ쵽ı跨Ҫáһ˫ֶĽѹţ۾ǶŪ˰춼۲׼ΪϺǽڻһµı飬캶ҡۣ̲סѪ_ţѹӡĴϡ 
ʱ֪ôģȻֿۺˣֱֱȴûܽպãֱֻٰѼƻرȥΪǵҶ˵Ҫ˯زŲɳ۱Ρַ鷿ϣȻûв˳ԳԶĵʳֱָָܽУССͷ˼¡ 
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ſͷȥǶ͸¶ŮζԳĴѾϰˣ㽫ųʱͻȻת룺۸ûʶŮˣ㲻Ӣۺú 
Ӳ£ӱʫϱ󣬺ӱʫ˳ץסƣ鿴飬ȴȻ˯ִţƨɻĴذϣæ˰죬Ҳˡ 
ùҲǰ취ƻȻץţֻٴԱɢڵذľŮ־мһڴϣҷҿ 
ĺģһ껻һֹ˽һͷʵڰȥˣվȴӱʫ۾ĬĬ 
˫ִ͸ɵˡ 
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ʵӱʫʼ񶼲ûȫʧȥ֪ܾƾӰʧȥƽͳٻ˷Ӧӱؼңϴ£Ϣֻ֪ѰˡǬڲȽϡǣ͵͵Թһζ֮󣬾ȻûжޱȵĺøС 
֣һﲻվŸоȫiʹۺiҧгݡԽı飬ʮֻ̲סЦҲڴɵЦһֱͦǱ䵽ͷԼϰæͣոգv· 
㡭˵ֲû 
ӱʫֻ¿㣬߱¶˯ڴѾʮֶˣȴֵһߵľߣĴ۾עͷ 
һʱûţɲӱʫ˵ĵֵͷԼ鷿ͷͿ¡鷿ҡҷҷĻζţķɫϰ׸֬⣬鿺ͰӲţͻȻ˼ 
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ϴ󣬾ӱʫſʱӱʫ㿪ڣӱʫڴ˵һ𣿡 
ֻڷ˫ԣֱӱʫ˵𣿡 
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ӱʫ˵ԭ𣿡 
˵ҲҪԭ㣬ҪѣһжҲܺߣҪǲҪúϢһõĿʼ 
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ɻشϣ뿪ʱӱʫ˵ɲԺһ˯𣿡 
˵ܲ㣿 
ӱʫ˵㣡 
ϺӱʫĴϺһ˯ӱʫӱʫͬʱϸеаȫеĸоǰδܹġ 
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˵㻹δϢ 
ӱʫ˵˯ţҺϰ˯ 
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ӱʫ˵ң硭 
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˵ҲԼŮ 
ӱʫ˵Ҫ˵Ѱɣ˵תʾҪ⿪ϵ֡ 
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Ϊȥ·ӱʫٴ˯˵ҾúʵڡҲҰɣҲֻ˲ãӱʫ˯ˡ 
Ȼڷڻ谵ӱʫĽԸо鷿ϣʹĴȻͺӱʫˮֲ֮֮Σ¶ԲҶԣǺĶ£˯ˡ 
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ӱʫ󣬷Լ§ڻͷȻůĸоȻδѹСĵİٿʵı۰ⳳΣȻ󾲾ط´㼵 
˯ʱӱʫ˯ģʰϵֺڿ㴩Ϻ󣬱䵽ԡȥϸͬʱ򵥵ϴӱʫϴˢˮӣĸоȫϸ㷢룬÷Ȧ˦Ժ󣬶žЦЦƵõŰ㣬е¾ȻȫˣԼ˵ҸСˣ簡 
ӱʫĻص䣬Ȼװ˯ţſڴԵ˯档 
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໥ĥɦϣȵĺҲζ 
ӱʫؿĲӣ糿Eȴִ̣ӱʫӣתֱȥɰֽϸʹ 
ӱʫϴȥϣıǼϣϸкüıǣĴӱʫ͵͵͵һ£ԼߵģȥգޏPĥ 
ӱʫֱ壬ֽ½ץ֣ԼϣˡŶ˯ӱʫҲİȫУϲèһеĸо 
ӱʫҡݏڸŪ۾СЦ⣬ֽ̧ߣСµİšָϸ۵ļӱʫδ֡ 
ӱʫ棬ò˶ã͸о糿ǿѹƨɹ 
ӱʫַ´¹ԵԱϸĿĵطšһתһԴװûû 
ĴӲֱɶĽϽͷ۵ģӱʫʳָᴥϣȻĲǽ΢΢ĶšӱʫٶָֻͷܿҵҪ֧ţһбŵǿ׮ӱʫָƶת˳򣬴Ӹߵ׮ȥ̽һ޵ĵػ 
ˣӱʫṹƸе棬Ҫıԭһ׼ҪĻֱͦͦڵϣ˵ѾڵʱΪһֱµĲ 
ӱʫǰſһЩݵ˫ֺƣ뽫ǻģľ޴󣬼һ봣ͷӱʫͷøϸĽӸֽǼչȥഥɧζüͷһ㶼ӶǴ֗UӣͷͷĥȣƵϣ۰ţ³һҺ壬ӱʫ࣬ü˽ͿɢŹͷ⹵š 
ӱʫץסĹףë׵ģҲݴӱʫ֪أùһƬëѴģСŪš 
е㣬ﱻĵİŲԸӳϺӱʫϧ۾ĬĬȥ 
ӱʫſ촽Ķ岿ݻţһһһһ£ñ㽫ͷĹͷȻѪǴͷɣﻹǸоõůůpp˶ӱʫͣ̽³ָỮţһͲӲķʹ͵͵޳һ⾪˺ӱʫ 
ӱʫԽԽ࣬ıס˺ͷٶһ㣬ȴŻŻӱʫģͷһΣؽˣҪȫģӱʫȴģ룬»صʱ򣬷ǰȫȥɡ 
ĹͷһӱʫʺΧĸоʮһ̲סҪͦӱʫԵⰵۡӱʫڶֺסҵֵøصͷΡ 
ӱʫȴˣϣСĵİѹסæҡĥ䡣ӲĴշתеϺţȻǿ㣬ĥҲûãǿʪ͸ˡ 
ӱʫûſϣϢһ£ȻվڴϽǿ£һ׼䣬ٳһѹȻѨȥţӱʫлеı۾Ŵǰĥ겻ѡ 
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ӱʫĥĥ٣ֱۣƨҡͣüСҧ´ûƮƮͨ弡˷ܶһƬ졣 
ȻӺӴϣĴһĽŸУɢ֫ٺӱʫɰСסֶŰŰqӲĵطСⶹӳA磬ѽĳУҲֲ֧סҵ۵ϡ 
еұһůˮ֪ӱʫ˶ˣĽ§˵𣿡 
ӱʫ֪Ѿˣ˵󻵵˼ҳ󡭡 
öͷ˵Աɧ 
ӱʫȭᓀĵĿڣԹ˵һֱ͵ 
ֻͣƨϣЦ˵ԭôŤ 
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ĿϷߣĽסëëţšģһСģĴз죬ᴥźӱʫĻӱʫŶƾܶͣԼ䶯 
ӱʫƨһĽӴ룬һĵʧСһţһͷУĳ 
ӱʫʧȥһأһػò¶΢ЦһбڴϣһͷֵĲι 
ţȻŵӱʫͦӲС춹˱ñ䳤ˣٻһߣӱʫر֣Լ˵鷿ֱ͡ 
Եæȴţԭƨϵ˫ƣʱģŪԲŪ⣬òַֺϻһֻţһ۵ףӱʫҪȫʧأ 
Сʳָմźӱʫղŵķڣһһɧںӱʫľջϣ䲻ѣһֵʳָָĴСòżʪȽյⶴУǵúӱʫɡ 
Դָǻٵĳ鶯ѹڸϵʳָҲȥӱʫظϣܣѹĲ㲻ܺ 
Ȼ˵Ǹˡ 
ӱʫżҡҺ 
ֲͣĶţ 
ȫӱʫǳǳЦ 
ֻʵ񣬺ӱʫСѨУѾŽָͷ 
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ʪָЦ˵ûð 
ӱʫҪҧæջָͷӱʫ˳죬Լ̬̽ҽһͨ 
˫־͸ӱʫÿطӱʫȫ˻ӱʫڴϡ 
źӱʫľ硢鷿Сֱͷӱʫ̲סŤĶӱʫʧ˿Ƶסӱʫķڲϵӿ 
ȻͷºӱʫӱʫʵֱӵĴ̼һְֻѼķţͷСڹͷ֮ϣǱҪӱʫ˱ĹͷתĴůʪСڣˬüҪ 
µʱӱʫ˷ܵȫĶһö࣬ӱʫһ˱Ĵһʵִ̫Ϣ 
ͷӱʫ˫֮䣬˱ӱʫˣһһµˣ˫ֻͣ鷿 
ںӱʫšŲʱĽС麬˱ٱĿǻʱӱʫˮйϵͦβ죬ĥ˵EPз 
ŶСҡ챻ˡš 
ԡԡǡءˬꡭҪɡˡ 
ӱʫqwĸоһ˽һˣ˫ҲʧصؼнͷӱʫƴǹӿĸоȴƲˣѨﴫһɣ顢ĸо⿪ʼʱӱʫҵĻζ˫ֽסﲻϵ˽ţ 
ŶŶŪŪˡСáûŪŶ 
졭㡭šáŪŪˡ 
ˣϴȦӱʫܲסˣһӿӱʫ춵˸߳ͷ̧ߣźӱʫˮ 
ںӱʫϣԵUһδ£㲻棬һθ齻Σ 
桭ɫ 
˵ѿںӱʫϣٰѴ鹵֮УҪӱʫԼ˫ְ鷿ĴЮ㿪ʼ鶯 
鹵ĥһˬӵ˫35C齻ʱһֻҲȥСѨöӱʫСѨ˷ܵôΪĥˡ 
ѺӱʫͷҽſС죬ÿļǰ͵ʱͷĹͷѵ̲סı뷢ˡٳ˼£ųǰһͣѹͷǿɰС֮ڣͬһʱ䣬ҺԴԴˣȫںӱʫǻ֮ڡ 
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İŪˡӱʫ˵ 
ɣŪˡ 
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ӱʫĶԼƺ̧ͷ־Ҫ 
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̡˵ɫɫźӱʫһ˫鷿 
Ҫˡӱʫ· 
ӱʫֺֻڿ󣬾͵Ūͣ𣿡 
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˵ң 
ӱʫ˵ڴѧͼſڵ𣿡 
˵ȰɣǧҪ߿һᾡ绰ҶϺݳѧӺӱʫ 
ѧͼſʱѼɫTţпĺӱʫݼϵӱʫʱͺܿĵĻϡ 
ʣ˺ܾ𣿡 
ӱʫ˵ǣֻһӣ 
ʣ𣿡 
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˵Ǿһͬȥٻ𣿡 
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˳ʱӱʫһԡĨ˵ȥϴɣģһ˵һΪӱʫԡͬʱֺӱʫTµǳɫѾ֣ߵط 
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ӱʫ˵֪ףϵҶȫģ֪ûнϵҲƽϡ 
˵ֺοȥǿԼȥһûнأǲȥѡ˵㽫ӱʫ 
û߿תӱʫţ˵ҲѣϵҪӦŮѡӱʫδӦѱϣǺıֻܷ˫ֵķȭͣϣľ 
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˵ҳĵģϵҪӦңκ֪¶㶼Ҫ˵Ůѡ 
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˵˵ֻҶԿһΪҳеҲͿΪҶĥ 
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˵Ҫ˵ɣֻһ⣿ 
ӱʫ˵ô 
˵Ϊôѡѣֲʱëëţ 
һʺ󣬺ӱʫ˵Ҳֻ֪еһʱһʵںůĸо 
ͻȻӱʫžӣϣӱʫ鲻Խغӵйͬʱõϵο塣 
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˵һϴ裡ȫҲʪ͸𣿡 
ӱʫʱżʪҪԡ£˵Ůһϴ裬ЩңȻ˵Ҫûķĺ󾱣ԡҡ 
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ӱʫ˵ɫٸˣҳȥ 
ӱʫû˵ʹӺͷ§źӱʫ˵ʫʫҰĨ 
ӱʫе˵ãԼҳȥ 
ƤЦװûİѷͿĨ۵ļϣ˳źӱʫп@ߣĭԶĴ˫ĴߣӱʫʱЦǺǡ 
˫ͣںӱʫ۵ǰưںӱʫ۵ϴӱʫôȥǻ˵ãӱʫ߳УŪңҪˣ 
ѺӱʫĻ߷磬Ц˵ʫʫزִ 
㡭㡭ӱʫҪѵ䣬ָһȦӱʫеСͷûºӱʫ͡ߡšߡš˵ 
ںӱʫ˵ʫʫɡô˵ӱʫ۵ߵͨ죬ӱʫûгԲǵôߣ˫ִӺסӱʫͦ鷿˫󣬺ӱʫǽŪĿúӱʫ·оԼͿڻ㣬ӱʫǿס 
ںӱʫ˵ʫʫҪʫʫ㲻˵ǾǴӦӱʫֻҴײȴǲŶ롣 
ӱʫͣ΢΢˦ͷ֬е̵ģԡױϣ͹ڵذϽźӱʫӣϣĴܵĵֽ˺ӱʫ۰˵Ĺɹ̵ֶһ缷ӱʫн˫֮䡣 
ڵĸоֻ̻ȵĹֱӶԼѨĦͷڴȼ룬ڲŮ˵˼ܵдһ֧ӲӲĶڲϳ鶯ӱʫĲǣѹںӱʫϣƨŲʱ򣬹ͷȻӺӱʫĹϻɶѨڡ 
ӱʫ֪ܲƽʱΣնǴֹɣȻȻһֵļ¶ùͷϷǳҡСƨɣϹͷ궯 
֪ӱʫʧȥŮҲֻͷԳԶգǺӱʫĴСֹͷѾȥһˣİԻ̰ǰͦŶ찡еӱʫŹͷĹ棬ȳ̹֪οͣˡ 
ʫʫҡڽȥʵԸ档 
š֪ӱʫҧ˵ 
ӱʫˣȻе᲻ãǺӱʫѨջ̫ˣǽס漷ȥ 
ӱʫü˵Уʹ 
Ϊ˳ѰȥǺӱʫÿζʹ𽥵ʧȥģһƽȥʱ򣬺ӱʫȻɬȴûֹͣźӱʫʪ޵ϰֱֵͷúӱʫȫϡ 
סӱʫͷסſڴе죬ֱסβͦѨгţ 
ӱʫˮ˵ſҡſҡҪ 
ƾܣֻôͷҵײ˻ģ׳߽ѨҺʹ 
εĿ⿴źӱʫ˵Բʵ̫ˣ̲ס 
˵ƲͦΪӱʫϵвƵģһȦĴÿĴٽʱڵͻԶ䶯ӹǻҲҧĹͷڵľ˱Ĺͷ 
ӱʫͻȻüͷʹ 
ſֹͣ˳壺ԲҲˡ 
˵ᱧźӱʫȫвٶ 
ӱʫźӱʫδ´׳ֱ䶯ĥĸӴ׳ǿƵĿԼٳ鶯ߡ 
˵ҲԲڰ߳ҪγʱӱʫԲ޳ͻȻ 
ӱʫüߣҪ̫󣬺ʹ 
ֹͣߣǡԲҲ 
ӱʫΪڰγֲ㷸Ĵ𣿡 
˵ֲ֪ˣ 
˵ʱָоӱʫѨ˱ߣ޳ĥҪʵϼѡ 
ӱʫ۾ֿ˵ 
ĺȤƳ˵ĺʹһǰγˣ 
Ҫ뿪ӱʫѨʱֱסβֱѹȥѨܺһ 
ӱʫ˵涼ˣΪγûˣ 
һʱ֪λش𣺡 
ӱʫۣˮգסβֿʼѹֻͦĥĴ׳ߣŮìܵĶ 
ٶ˵ҲźӱʫͦѨš 
ӱʫԼҲ⣬ԭֱʹ࣬ڻĵĸо̫̫ˣſ۾ĿҲڿгģĶЦЦĶͷһ¡ 
ӱʫֳϵĿУҲ۸ѨļĥǾĬӭŶԷʱӱʫѩȿʼսҲ§ľͷѹ촽ӡᴽϣſ콫۵ĿУ˱ֽĿͷʲŪţʼתͦͬʱսĥ˱ߣȫĹͷˡӱʫȻû飬Ǻ츳ȵĿʹѨе߸ĳ鶯 
ӱʫ˫ͻȻٵתͦȽܾӱʫţ㣬ҡ졭 
Ҳҵߴ󲻴治 
ӱʫŻӦô󡭴Һ㣬ҡ 
Ҳ̲סͦͷһٴӱʫѨֱ嵽ӹǻڵĻϡ 
ӱʫ˵ѽһ㡭ʹ 
Ǻӱʫһ˵Ҷһġ 
ʱӱʫһȦȦ߼еúý䶯ߴ̼þҪһγӱʫγߣʧ 
ӱʫ˵Ŷ㡭Ργ 
ӱʫû˵ֽ꣬ѹ̺þصĴѨУˬỬ̧Ĳסͦ϶ʹͺӱʫֳܵһ϶ûУ߸ĳܹӱʫϵĳܹǽһ𣬲ͣת˵ë໥ĥţӱʫƺٽ߰γ˫ֽסβʹǵֳϵܣںӱʫĶĥĴͷоӹǻҧס˹ͷھʱӱʫĽϣѾˮ齻ڵĵزˡ 
ӱʫ˵ҡס 
˵Ҫʲô 
ӱʫϰţĴҡ 
˵ʹ 
ӱʫߺ죬Ŀ 
ͦѨڲͣĽ 
˵˵ҪҴ 
ӱʫҲ̲סˣҵͦӭĳ壬ţҵСѨҪĴҵСѨ 
˵Ϲ 
ӱʫ˵ϹϹҪ㡭㶯졭ҪˡҪˡҡҡ 
ӱʫ˵ſھͺס죬۵ʶţþźӱʫǰ35C鷿ؿڽ܏Pĥšڴͬʱҧסͷӹǻ̵̵Ĺͷӿܣȫˬë׶ſˡ 
ǿҵͦ໥ӭų塣 
ӱʫſҧסĴ̰˱⣬ʹܵͦӭźӱʫĶĥþȫĸѨͻȻʼ˱ߣӹǻҲսҧסĴͷľ˵ֳѾںΪһ壬ӱʫתĥУĸ߳ˣһɹŨ̵˻ĹͷϣľҲѳֲסͷĴĳ̺ӱʫѨ֮γ䡣 
˵⡭Ҫ߰γӱʫ֮ʱӱʫȴĲ쵽ѹסβͬʱͦӹǯһ۽ͷڵľ 
ӱʫţҪγס 
˺ӱʫ仰˼ʲôοʱܣߣӱʫֳܽϵһ϶ûУȫǧëȫſˡڹͷУһͦͷѾںӱʫˡϣϵСʵһ̵ɫŨȫעĻġ 
ҺúӱʫʱҲ߳ˡ 
ӱʫ̵̲סִ簡ҵˡҡһΪﵽ㡣 
ӱʫٶȳ鴤һһĳ߳ʹ̱ˣֻǱϵĿУµҧ߲ͣ˱ƺǰŨʳһβʣ 
һСʱűųĺӱʫ߳ԡңңִ 
Դ˱㿪ʼͬӵ




11͵ 

Դͺӱʫı˹ϵ󣬺ӱʫǾöҶǷԣӱʫҪҪҶ 
ֻ÷ʱȻҶ֪£ӱʫҪҶЩģӱʫԾƫġ 
ֱѧѧᣬʰ٣ͺӱʫ֪˵ĹϵҶиı䣬Ժӱʫ֤ʵʱҶʼĩҪٷְٷġ 
һ죬ʰ㵽Ҷļң˳ؼȡһЩƷᡣ 
󣬸˲಻һҶӦţһҶһɫȹԼɼȹµķɫ֣§ýһ㽫Źϡ 
һݣҶѹڴϣһͷȥҶʱľٶŴˣҶΪſ˫˱ͷԼµ˫ֻӣ¡ 
˵ҵȻ 
Ҷ˵뻵ӣںæðһѣûƿ 
˵ô£ҪôòӦţ 
Ҷ˵ʰһЩҽߣǲŰƿķ䡣 
һҶķͼϰһһ·ǣ˱㿪ʼʰҵĳ档 
ʰʱ˲Ҷ¿㣬ǣоһҶ״˵ô 
˵ҼЩ¿㣬кܶҲû 
Ҷò˵˵ҪҪÿһҲ㿴ү 
֪ҶеҪһ˵Ǿ 
Ҷ˵뻵ˣִʱ׽֣ҽڴϼѹҶϣҶķϡ 
ҶԾѾӵסȵ˫ͷַһʱԣȫһ飬ˮֱ˫ۣһ˫סľӣӣէ࣬ĺ촽˫գ䣬ļ˸ 
ã˲ŷֿţһ 
ҶϵţԽԽǰϮҶȸе鱻һֻදţæƣǹȴȥƣҲ㲻û취춷ᱡ࣬ͷһ⣬Сɵøˮˡ 
ԾӵҶָ·ҶãĴָʳָסҶͷҶѣܲס 
šҪСҪϡԡſҡſ 
Ų 
ҪҪſ 
ϴһp飬Ҷֻ˵ᡭһ㡭šſҡšЩʰá㡭ٲҪ 
ʮҶԱ㲻Ը֮²ŷſ 
Ҷһ·һ˵춼Щ£Сɫ 
ƤЦ˵ҵȻ찮֪֪δú࣡ 
Ҷһ˵ĶȷδȹΪ˱Ӧе֣˵ͿǿĻǡҪı֡ 
˵ô֣ 
Ҷ˵ʰı֣ 
ΪҶʰҵĳ棬ҶĿͷŵ£ܿҶʰ׵ 
һֵæµ˱ڿϢҶ˵Щô 
˵ôҲԣҶȡƷ 
ҶȡƷͻȻţ֪ϷŪ˵ 
˵ǰ˵ұ֣ôҲףн𣿡 
Ҷ˵Ȼн㽫ϵƷ 
Ա㰢ô˼ 
ҶָƷ˵ǽ 
֪ҶƭˣסҶڻϺδкȹͻϮȻԴΪ㣬ǽҶưһԡ 
Ҷ㱻棬Ĵʱ׵÷ʹôҶĹɹĥҶܵСѨѿʼʪ 
Ҷ̬˵ĥֱҧҷֻҡƨɣͷΡ 
ȻԴΪ㣬ѾҶǵشԸе˿ڿ㣬ѾԸо˽ȶʪˣҶСڿ㣬ָѨĵҶ顰ššҪЦٺ٣벻룡 
Ҷоọ̈̄˽ĸоվȴֱ§סĸܵôҵĴ̼ݏȫʧȥ㣬ױˣѨѾĳˣҶӺ䷢šš 
״ǼӱŪӺͷ§סҶÅߵҶԲͦϵȹǰһɫ˿ߵСڿ㣬׼ʱҶȻԸͷסҶۻϵۺСѿŪҶȫ˿˿Ĵšš 
ʧ˳ưѰҶ˿ڿѩ׵ĴȣҶϺһľ壬Ըȴ§סƨɺǰСѨǷʤǶȴʪţָҪ 
Ҫġ 
ָٵĲҶСѨ˼ʮ£Ҷڵ۴УҶƨɣһھȥ 
ҶУѨѾķӿͷɵڴС˱ҶòͣˮȻϻαֱ˵ҪȴϿҵĹʵ顣 
Ҷ̬¶һҶʼššĺͣҶҡƨɱʾͣҶͷżȴҪƨԽҡԽȻɽ춷Ůˣ 
šš򡭡 
 
СϹòá 
ƺȣͷȥ 
ŶŶССԡԡϲ㡭һ㡭ԡˡϹˬ찡찡ҡҡСҪҪҪ㡭 
Ҷκ߽У֪᲻ᴫ汻ھ֪ɧˣ㽫ҶҲҪվֱ˫ȣٰϣӲʮ֮ߣҶƨɾͱʮջĽǶţ⿪һѹ⣬ӲĴҡڲͷ׼ҶѨڣ˶Ѿ׼ݣǰһͻ۵ĽӺһ𣬽ſ 
ҪҶż˵ 
Ҷеȫȡ飬վסţæϣ̲סһš㡭 
оҶʪĵѨһȦ۵ڽİĴ廬ۣᵽĿ⣬нسµҶ춻йѩԲӭǸխѨеҪŮ֣һʱ֪룬΢΢Ĳţ﷢һĳ̾ϢŶ 
ţҺ㡣˵⵹ʵ 
ҲǣҶ˵ 
Ҷߵ˵ţ治ĵĽҶ˵ףѩ׵ʹ¶˫Ҷ·ڣȻҶߣҶȹһ˫绬£ĽҶķɫ˿֣ǶƷ飬ɫٰĽ飬¶ڿ֮кܿ 
Ҷ˼ԽԽ޷죬̲ס˵С㡭ҡᱻ˼ 
Цûлش 
Ҷϸϵ֣оԲμͻȻʪС㲻ͣ䶯˱Ĵ˷ҳ壬ײĵԲηžžžײͦ˫壬Ž࣬ͣҡΣǱиԵ飬ĲֺɲʱоӲͦڶһȦܵĹסһ˵ţеҺýŶˬ 
ááСϹˡᡭŶԡ塭ŶҲ¡ԽԽˬ 
ָıҶСɵΣҰĳ嶥ײΪһܽϣѩ׵˫ȲͣϰѾȫſϣԲŭʵ鷿ҲΪѹΣֻſӭҰɣʪҺϴӽӺϴ缷ӿ˳ҶԲֱֱͦ£ڵذϣ鶯ʱǹǿʵǴԲʪڣĹĴ 
ҶҲû뵽ԼôɧˣһҪ˵δȹҶļįһֵĳŪ޷ʰ 
ޡޡҺףСٲ尡Ҫͣ 
Ҫ˵UҪԼ 
Ҷ챻ˣֻԼǰҡ壬Ĵɧѹٴؿ˵UϹ 
ʵΪÿҪԲͻȻɷȻ̬ʵ̲ˣ͵סҶƨɣĳ岻ͣҶֵȷһˮ˳ŴСذϡ 
ŶŶϹ͡͸ˡҪˡ졭ٶҼ¡ҷȥ 
ʼ鶯ңҶȻеöǡҶȴܲˣʲôȥܣʧķ 
ŶϹáҺҡÿ춼㡭Ϲúÿడáҡѽ 
Ҷʢ׶ΣѨŴÿһζлģҶеʩUϹ治 
˴ΪжæӺŷϣͣҶĶҶ㣬ǱӰ죬Сֶղ׽̫ãķй˵Ŀۻʱܻᱬը 
ϹҶ군˩UҡҡˡϹˡ 
ҶſŵƨˮݺݵĲţˮһһЪءۡۡ 
Źԣӱ˵UϹ㡭 
ҶһæĶȥͲˣһ˫׽סҶٶǳС 
ſҶϣ˾ӵţżһ黰 
ãĴҶʹҶЦŵֿȳȥ㲻Ը뿪塣 
˵һȥϴϢһһȥ˵Ҷδд𸲱㱧ԡҡ 
ԡڣ׵Ҷϵȵˮ£ˮֱڶϡ 
ǰȫҶһֳʹоò֮ǰһ˫鷿ͷǳ󣬷嶥٣ۺۣ˷ͦ͹ٳ24ȣûһҳ覴á 
˫ְһ鷿ʹǸԲͦ 
ҶסϵĶֻסԼ˫飬ʩѹѹһ鹵ʮָס˫飬档 
Ҷ˵Ҫʲô 
˵ϴ衣 
ҲҪ˼ҪԼϴҶ˵ҪĳղԡڽΪҶϴҶԡڱٸһΡ 
ԡϣ㱧޴ڵҶķڣҶúõķڴϸϱӣҶ˵Ҫ· 
˵ڱôϵһ˵ԡȡǵط 
ϴӵҶ˵ţ㱻Ū̫ˣұ˯һôҶһſǰһؿϣ˲ãҶУ˯ȥ 
ҲþãҶڷӵξиеڸ壬ԣʱ˫壬ʱ¸ϸۣ˿˿ۡҶֲֻܾܡ 
ëëһ֮ҶСƨһڵĸоѹӡ֮䣬ɼȵУȻ̻ζ䣬ڵĸоٿ˷յĻ׽Ҷ̼ܵͻɾתѣ۾ 
ҶȷԼſԼĴϣȱű˯ţһʵʵزѨУһڳ͡ 
˵ȻҶͷһůɧˮ÷棬ջڴϣ΢Ц 
Ǵʱʼģس鶯ҶߺߡĿֳڲסɧ黳ƨȥܡŲţ˵ĶͬʱŸμңÿضǿײҶĶףҶ˻ЦЦںͷŨʣֱٶʱŸ߰˽У 
Ҷʹˣ߳ܵ˵ϹҡǴҲûĴε͸ɲͣҶʳǳܿ;ѾҪˡ 
ˡҡҪˡҺŶŶˡĶˡˡࡡ 
Ҷƨ̣ڽűղиеǴ֣ĥεøˮʱһǿҵҲӹ֮С 
šϹҶ⼫˩Uúม 
𣿡ʡ 
ҶȻͷŰѹϵ 
Уɵĺ£Ҷʡ 
Ц˵Uҿ˯ţ̲α㡭û˵ȥ 
㡭Ҳ󵨣ҡһģҶװǻƵ˵ 
˵UģղŶ֣ 
ҡҡΪǸǸҶѽ͡ 
ǸˣĽûȤ䶯ƨɣ˵UӲˣһΣ 
ҶȻ֪ӲˣߵĵUҪ 
ľܾҶҪػﵲס¾ͱƽˡ 
ҪҪ 
ٶ塣 
Ҫ 
鶯ͣʼˡ 
ŶҶʵؽг 
ϲҪҡͣ 
õĬϱԥǿĳ̣ÿһֱҶͽסͦҷɡִֺͣߣ˫˫Žȫֲ 
Ҷֻ֪һһΣԼ㣬ӣ塣 
˲ۼҲ߳æʹֱüȾѼ 
ҶӵסеȺöľҺˬˡ 
Ǭ 
Ҷһۣſס֡γʪʪĴ͵ǰҶҲ˵ſڰѴϵľҺ˸⣬̶סͷʹ˱ֱ飬뿪 
ٴԻشϣ˵Ұ㣡ҲԼþҺvҶ졣 
ĶҶֻ֣촽˱µĶҶŷȴͷȹҶΪѣԥ䣬ľòŷֿ 
˵Ҹе͵ĸо 
Ҷ˵㵱ôˣ 
˵ţڱȷָид 
Ҷ˵Һܿغסһ£ 
ͻȻҶڴϣ˵һΰɣӲĴҶСѨĥҶ󣬱ӭĶ׼ٴα룬ڴʱϴžҶĸĸ˵˵˳繫ɻҶܱ·֣Ǳʰٶȴ·ٳǰҶǺ󣬸Ȥ˵㱻׽ڴҶЭ£ܾε뿪Ҷļҡ




  12ο 

뿪ҶļҺĴûлᣬΪӱʫҲˣҺӱʫһ֣Ҳ˽˵ʱ䣬û 
ʱѲҹˣ򿪴źӱʫһǳɫ˯£ٲݴȣ˫ɳϿ־˵ΪôôȥϢ˯߲ӰƤ 
ӱʫûлشʱ绰һ֮ҶģȥҴ˶绰Ҳû 
˵ֻȥ˹֣绰ûе磬Բ𣡲´Σ֮Ȼһ黰 
ӱʫ£ڲζһĸо 
˲ãߣʺӱʫЩȥϢɣ˯߲ӰƤ 
ӱʫתӱӱʫ򲻲ǣҲͷ­֪Щ¿˺ӱʫ 
ԼбܿȺӱʫŭԽٺǣȥԡϴ衣 
ԡҳʱӱʫƶδиı䣬ߵӱʫԹ£˵ˣô¿㣬ԭҺ𣿡 
ӱʫۡЦŭӦԽ㽫ӱʫĴϺ󣬺ӱʫͻȻľٶһ˵ʲôЩ 
˵ʲô˵ұ 
ӱʫ̾һһ˵ҲֻЩдͿһԣҵļ˵ߣԣҾЩԲ 
˵룬ұŮѣӦǸеҶͿֱˣټԼʱܹЩ𣿡 
ӱʫûлش˵ȥ㱣֤һҸʵʱͿһУҶͿһͬʣ𣡴ӣ 
ӱʫӡ㷴˵˭˵Ǵӣ 
˵ɳϣ˫ȲӦһʱͷǣ˵ǲǴӡΪúõ̷ޣ 
ӱʫһ˵뷴޷ͣͬʱ˫Щw. 
ӱʫȥʱһ˫ȣĴϲȣԣ˫ֱ㱧Դߵ鷿ϡ 
һΪӱʫ˫ʱɨϣȻǸ·ָоӱʫͷվֱ㲻Ȼӱʫ̲ס߳Ušš 
ӱʫĽʱΪԼŪʹϸĵЦݣĶ˵𣿻Ҫȥ𣿡 
ӱʫ˵UҪһ󣡡 
ŵ֣ƶţɦΣʱѾȷֻҪˣ־ݵʮá 
Ľ˺ӱʫڲ࣬һʱŪɨŪӱʫ˫ȲΪΪûзŬ춺ӱʫɣ׵ظڿ 
ӱʫżָͷһֱزŪϢң֪ԼķӦ 
ӱʫֻ֮÷ʺޱȣŰ˼£͸оһЩˮ͸ˡ 
ӱʫʱ򣬺ȻֳֻˣȻеźȴҲһϻһλڿšӱʫΪţָѾѨڣʪˮ׵Ѩڡ 
ԵϢԺӱʫĶ䣬ͷļϣӱʫͷЦĴ 
ӵ壬ƴӱʫҸѣסұ鷿صว 
ӱʫæܣȴ˵UҪСҪŶ㡭Ŷ 
Ϻӱʫָҵͷţӱʫо⴫ֵֵͷȴ˻˱šӱʫûּϵ࣬ӱʫʱҪ죬ӱʫֻځѣеɧˮԴԴ 
ĵĽӱʫǰť⿪ȻĽ˯˫£ѩһϸ۵鷿¶ȻǳɫİʽְţԲͦʵջˣźӱʫĺйɵɶţʵ޷۰ֽ£ס鷿ĸʱŪ⣬ŪͷͦӲվӱʫò[ۣҡڣСֱ 
ָһǼʽֵļ£֣ӱʫ鷿ͽͦ¶Բ˵Ƿۺɫͷ͹˵ˡ 
һʵڰˡΪӱʫǳǳķۺΣСͦͷ̲סͷ 
ӱʫСѨʪ𤣬Ŀֻûڰ͵ڶΣ˫۲ס߽С 
ӱʫͻȻƿվϵ·˵ҹˣҪȥ˯˵㻹򷿼䣬֮һ 
һᣬֻûطϢӱʫʱҲǸǺӱʫû 
㷵Լķ䣬ʱ͵ķƣҼӱʫϱ˯Ĵϣұ˯ĵһΣΪͺӱʫչڣҲǷַ˯ 
ϴϸ˵Һһ˯𣿡 
δȺӱʫشѴӺӱʫֻ˵㲻Ҫ谭Ϣ 
ںӱʫı󣬴ںӱʫĹɹƶӱʫûκαʾǣֱŵ鷿ϣţӱʫһֱסֱ˵Ҫ 
ºӱʫֻȥϵУƿƶʱӱʫסƷŻԼ鷿ϣ΢΢ʹѹ˵Ҫ 
ӱʫľٶǻ·鶯ţ鷿ԡһֱͷվ 
㡭ӱʫϸĵЦݣ˵U㲻Ҫ١𡭡 
ش𣺡ðɣֱſ˺ӱʫ鷿 
ӱʫеһĿ飬漴͸еϵť⿪˵ĲҪ־ͼӱʫڣְŵ鷿شţ»ŪһһᣬӲӲһ֪ӱʫõǰʽָ֣ȥһѹ΢΢ážһӱʫǰ֣Եӱʫ΢΢һһֻС 
˵Ĳ룡 
ӱʫ˵Ҳ֪뿪鷿 
һᣬںӱʫḧȻ˯˫ֿӱʫΪȥ˯£ҽ˯׳⣻ȥӱʫֵļӱʫũUʲô 
úܴˣֻ֪ҪҪش£ӱʫֻԵ£ѵٽ׳⣬ʱӱʫֻʣһСڿ㡣 
˫˫飬ĶʱڶܯwԵϢԺӱʫĶ䣬ţӱʫͣɵɵĺ˵У֡ӱʫ޷˵ȥΪ촽ѱˡ 
ӱʫؿ飬Ϸſӱʫ죬Ķᣬ촽˱µĶͷȹӱʫԥ䣬ľ 
ӱʫǵϢңֻںӱʫ鷿ţرרϣӱʫţϰ޷ֻҡ֦ԲƨĥĴϣʱֲ֪ʱȥ 
ӱʫƿ˵UҪˣʱӱʫҲȴģκӱʫͷӦţǵ㣬⻥סš 
ںӱʫͷŪһ֮󣬲ŷ鷿ʼֺ̽ӱʫķѾʪڿ㣬͸ˡ 
ӱʫѹϣһ˫鷿ţػȥ鷿 
һͷ򵽺ӱʫ⣬ӱʫĸоˣֻһСҪĽӴúӱʫȫԾҪֹҪǬȥһһ濴ı飬ʼüۣ֪Ѿʼ飬תյƨϣĸš 
ӱʫ˫棬Ψһģı顣 
һںס˺ӱʫߵͷӱʫ͵͵ġšһöˣĸо 
ͷͣڶӱʫ鷿֮УۺСɵͦķӲվڻԲ鷿ϡ˵Ŀ⣬ϸϸĶϸ۵ļһֻᴥţĴӱʫӦ⣬ⱻĥĸоϵĴɧ˵鷿ǰգһʵ 
ػȥСڿӱʫϣ˼£͸оһЩˮ͸ˣͷڿ߷棬šӱʫΪţͷѾѨڣʪˮ׵Ѩڡ 
Ҳ򣬲ͣɦȥģӱʫʪˣ֪Ҫֲ֧ס뱻֪ܣ˵ҪŪۡҡġڿ㡭 
ʱŷֺӱʫڿ߰ģ·Ҫӱʫϣ׵ؽ⿪ڿߵĴӣӱʫڿ㱻²ڵϡ 
ֱӵںӱʫϣĶŪŪ뷴ôĵطˡĿУҲˣ˰ɣ 
ںӱʫϣźӱʫϡëһһڳԵúܸˣӱʫˮһһͣʳָĵźӱʫͦ٣ӱʫܲˣҪ߽гֹ˵𡭡ŪˡܲˡˡҲС 
֪ҪڣúӱʫϢһ࣬˺ӱʫˡӱʫȫֵüֱҪ죬ϵ죬£ʱͷˮϣֱˮݷḻһ̣ȻʪһƬָͷƤſᴥӱʫǶ 
ӱʫּйӹˮøףͷβͦ߳ˡ 
ʱ޷ȥմɧˮϺӱʫӣӱʫѲ涫ϱֱſС죬 
ѹںӱʫ˵Ұ㣡ӱʫߵͨ죬Ľޣ߲۾ʹǸ˵Ľ̬̲סС 
ĴҵڣȲ໥ƨɶͦˮմʪ˹ͷ£ƨһȫûӱʫѨУѹˮ졣 
˵ͷ˺ӱʫѨͷɧͷε泩ޱȣס̧˫ȣü͸룬һ߲ţһĶ䣬ֱ˽г 
Сø硭áˡٲ塭١ġúŶС 
ܵףƨɿٵĥӱʫ֭磬ɧġ 
Ŷÿѽ硭ҿ첻ˡҪˡϿ졭ݲáá¡ԡáҡСҡˡ 
ӱʫû꣬ѨĶסС̲סһӴҺɢ磬ٶȵ˸߳ 
úгɾ͸УøĴד 
ʫʫáˡ㡭òáѨý 
áСҡҪˡ簡áˡˡ 
ĴںӱʫСѨ͸ɣͷʪĴĺӱʫڲͣĳ鶯ţʮ˷ܡӱʫѨϵУˮѨⲻһżأϴqɲֹͣӱʫҡͣ 
ӱʫɧ̬ٴźӱʫŬͲ壬ӱʫԶĲŷŤͦȵ˸߳ 
ԼͲ£ȻѴСѨŨŨӱʫ񫣬ֵĶ 
Ϣ˺һһֻںӱʫ֬⻬۵ѩظţһֻƹԲϸ磬ӱʫȻĳͬʱźӱʫǽߵһһǧĵľɫˣɫ㡢˳ľƮȻ 
ŻС˰ĺӱʫһߵ˽̬вһĶߵ˵Ұ㣡ԴӦһҪ𣿡 
ӱʫ˵ҪӦʲô 
˵һϹ 
ӱʫ˵Ǵβǽй𣿡 
˵ͬģǴζԸģֻϵԸĽһϹ 
ӱʫ˵ôΪ飡 
˵ֻһ͹ˣ 
ӱʫߵһ֮£ֲӶߵͨ죬ں崿Ĵ۾ָϿϣǽף˵Ϲ˵˺ߵøˡ 
˵һһҪ󣡡 
ӱʫ˵ҪӦʲô 
˵ԺҲ߰ڿ㣡 
ӱʫȻ֪ͼʣΪʲô 
˵Ϊ 
ӱʫһթ˵Ҳᴩģ 
˵㲻ãѵҲʡˣ 
ӱʫߵø죬˵㡭㡭޷˵ȥΪС׼ľ״סĹϵӱʫȻȻغסš 
ãŷſ˺ӱʫĶԵ˵ţҰ㣡 
ӱʫ˵ϹҰ㣡˵֮ʱ߲֣ķ۾Ҳߵͨˣ 
ǱС˰һ˿ҵĽһ´һ˵һ汧ȰĽӱʫôҲѣٸԽ§Խһ˵ĺζֱ͸Ƿģˣѣ޹ǵ巴ԽԽӱʫĻ˯ˡ 
ڶϣӱʫδ𴲣㾲ʰɢڵذϵԡϴ 
ԡϣӱʫôԡΧ׼ط£ԡҳɺе壬漴ִ 
ѽߡֳԶӱʫЦ 
ð˵ҳԶҾĳһԡЦ˵ţץʮָɫǵı顣 
ӱʫ˫ֲpһͦ˵Uң 
ڽڱƽԽԽU˵أ 
ӱʫеţӲġߣһҲû 
Ĵסˡ̧ͷ֪ӣúЦȥţͷС졣 
ӱʫʹվţ˫Ȼһѽ§˫ָŪ˵ĳ£㷢ľͷСɵԲΣŴԡţıӷ 
ӱʫͻȻ˵UҪ 
Ľ§ķۼգҧĶȻ˵ũUҪ 
Ķ֮Уӱʫһȫ֦ظ鷿İš 
𡭡 
ӱʫʼĲӺͼ򣬲Ψһԡİ˫顣ָŪǿɰͷ׽֣ 
ӱʫ鷿ָʮ㣬Ǭ캬סͷ˱ҪˣٵĴŴ˫𽥱סͷֻȻ˵ũUҪҪ 
ͣӣҲſѾԝĴ۾һ𣬿ʱŵӱʫһƿǶ֪ǸڵĿӱʫЦһЩȥϴ 
ǣ㵽ԡȥǲںӱʫԲƨһ²ԡңӱʫֻһûŶʰذϵԡط¡ 
ӱʫֻڿһİɫT󣬾͵Ū͸ԡ 
ӱʫæŪʱպԡҳӱʫֻһİɫT֣˵ô 
ӱʫ˵Ūͣȥȳ԰ɣ 
˵ͷ 
ӱʫ˵أ 
˵еģ 
ӱʫֵ˵øҿ 
ߵӱʫס˫ִҸǰTһ˫飬˵һ˫ֻͷһ˵һ߸TǱͦ鷿 
ӱʫûзֻ˵Ҫ˼ҪŪ͡Ŷ֡Ū˼ҡԭָϺӱʫ⣬ 
˵˵ҪԼõģûָͣȻסӱʫͷӱʫȻŪͷϾŮеĵطִʮᣬȷеĸоŪҲ΢΢Ը 
ȻǸ·ȻԿӱʫͷӲڰɫT֣ӱʫʱѻɧƵյӱʫɳԸе˵۸˼ҡ˼Һѹҹδۡ𡭡ӱʫҲеĴƨϣ 
˵ȻδҪԺҪϸĵ۸㣬İɣֻҪԸҲŻһ۸㣡 
ӱʫŪͣԼûķӣת֫Χţסһֻ֣ԼTڣŪ鷿̧ͷسɣ 
ǰԸеĿ˶˺ӱʫӣϣǵѷѽ⣬һֻûͣӱʫƨȥһ׼ӺӱʫڿȥʱıӷΪӱʫ鿪ֻʱӱʫͻȻ׽סʾ㲻ڿڣֺӱʫСѨ˺ܶˮڿʪ͸ֱָӲŪŪһ󣬺ӱʫСѨˮӱʫʱ뾡ĽгСױŲûнг 
תƵӱʫľ֪ӱʫԸд˺ĵ̺ƺըӱʫı۾İǿҵĴ̼ʹúӱʫ 
ӱʫʱ£p֮ɢȫ޷ԭʼ𣬺ӱʫ˵졭ҡѹ⡭ҹ 
˵ҹô㲻˵֪ 
ӱʫʱѱ𽻼壬СѨˮԴԴʲôҲܷ˵ġҡ˵ⷬϸ죬һǰ˵ô˵ 
Ҳټ尾ӱʫºӱʫTӱʫ˵ѹΪֹԼ⿪СڿԵĽᣬСڿڵϣӱʫʱȫһ˿չǰ 
ֵͷźӱʫͷʱӱʫځѣӱʫ˫Զ㵵ȥڼӲ¡ĥĶ̿㣬ͳ 
ķԼϣӱʫȫˡ˫ϵţӹ⻬ԲСƨɣͣͷӱʫͲˣԼסСѨڣȺסͷȻֻж̶һأоǳʵ̾ٳԽֻ࣬ǷϴϢ 
һ֮̽һСΣͣһ£ũUϡ 
ӱʫͣͣ׾ͷö˻ģһȻһûȥɵüˣ᲻һ棬ȴҲðȻͽҲֶס˻ģӱʫҪĥʹͲˣƨһͦȫûˡ 
СġáŶӱʫȻȴ泩㣬p鴫Ѩȫɵ֫ɧ˵˵UС졭ҡ 
ٵĺλãѹ£ӱʫ˫ȽĹƨɣûʼ壬Լ̬ͦǵôӲȵѨģٻĳ鵽ֻʣ´ͷѨʱֻá֨һԭȱסˮźӱʫƨɷ춼ˡ룬ٴνѨģȻ˳Ѩڣ}ţԽԽ죬ƨɲͣŤš 
ӱʫ㺹죬ֵľҪ죬ǵл 
СϹҺˡٲ塭ٲ尡ġҪˡ 
Ͽ촽סС죬ͷͷӱʫٳֻǡķűĿ֡Ѩ޷޲ÿԴкΪʵ̫ˡ 
ǵ壬úӱʫй֮˿ûƣҪ侫ļȻǿͦγ˫£¶кЦݡ 
ʱӱʫĺƣ촽Ȼûϰ㴽ʣȻ޶ˣ̲סһΡζȻĳ壬ˮɽ˵һƬСѨŵķ¡ͻ𣬶ӱʫֻʣ߽ͻȻӿٶȣݵĽͣ 
ӱʫֱˣСѨòͣٱ쳣ÿһ̽Ķû¶ͣҲҪըһ 
춣ӱʫĽк߳ˣ˫ٹβսҪ̻һ㡣 
Ĵ׽ͷݏһСһֲ˼£ܲסˣһŨȫӱʫӹ 
ŶŶ 
ӱʫЦˣϣϡ 
֮˲ӱʫִʰɢڵϵӱʫСڿʱ˵㲻˵𣿡 
ӱʫ˵ԶԣϵTԡȥǻŹ׷ǰ׵ؽӱʫ𣬺ӱʫ˵Щң 
˵أϴӦҹҪҪúοޣ˺ӱʫӣӱʫѣֱţͷͼ˿ݣһ͸ſͷͱ°ˡ 
˱ǵúӱʫԣɵʧȥ˵ֿ̱СػɺЦ˵СɫЩԡ㽫ԡڣԡٴ 
ԡϺŷֲˣʱûͣԸղŪֻñǵ͡




    13 

ͺӱʫɹһҵ٣ڵÿطǵİҺʱúܿ죬תۼֵٵδΣҶͬӣԣͺӱʫĶʾһš 
ҶᣬͺӱʫһУһ˳ֱһ죬ҶѰڣֻʰо֡ӱʫ뿪ᣬΪҶĶ龰ⴥ飬ǰ˵Ҷܶ硣 
ҶŻصᣬһҶĿڴΪҶһʰɫһխȹխȹر𣬾߶ʽСȹӵĳڣѡ̶ͬȵԸУǰƬӣҪǱʳֳɫ֣ťҪ⿪ţֱӿԿԲ鷿γһ鹵鷿Ҫǰ㣬Ѫ 
˵Ư仰Ļ 
ߣߣôǲôԲҵ£ŻڹԣҶ˵˵껹ŤĶ䣬һڹϹӣȴǿɰˡ 
֪Ҫ棬Ͱƿ˵ҪˣͲ֪Ҫʱ̧װ 
ҶԹԵļ́װҶԴôණᣬԽƻ깤 
ĺˮʪ͸ԣ㵽ԡϴϴ󣬲ŷǴǬ·Ҷæȡ·ʱͻȻϷŪǱҶ鷳ҵȡԣ 
Ҷ˵Ǿ͵һȰɣ 
Ҷȡ·ԡſʱ˵Լֳȡɣ 
˵鷳ٰҿŷ°ɣ 
Ҷ㿪ԡ׼·ͻȻֻ׽ţԡңԡȻȫţԡŹϣʱ֪Ĺƣ˵ 
ûлشѾ§ҶҶһ֮ܵ飬ӣƬȴʱһͷС죬׷࣬ͷͷסʱϢʼˣشļϡ 
šҶطı̼־ϥϣȻǼխȹĴƤôϸ@ˣɨʱĸоֱˬ͸ˡ 
ҪҶƿͣ˵Ҫڡӱʫܻ 
˵ӱʫ˵ʱȴ绰ңԣʱҶ֪Լġħצ 
Ҷ˵㡭롭顭 
Ц˵Ҳûʲôϴ衣 
Ҷ˵۸ңȫû˼ѾҶҶиδȹҶӣѾȻҲͷﹴ˽ȥͷѾӭĽͷͲһ𣬽ҺҲһǵ룬֮ڣһԷŵһЩǵĶ 
᱿ԶƾʹĵţխȹԲƨϰţҲ뿪˫ҲĥͷϣһСˣͼĸоͬʱҲʹͦȹСĥšҶУôĥѾе㽿 
֪νҶͻȻƿԡ˳ȥ 
Ҷ׷ȥȴűܿˣͳ׷ȥ˾ڿ׷ϷţҶܲ׷Ҳ׷ͣͣܡ׷׷˼ 
ͻȻӿٶȥ׷Цźѽɫħû˵꣬ѾסˣѹɳϣҶװúܾŵؽţɫħҪǿ˼ҰͿʼ˫ַ 
ٺ٣СãܲˣԹԾͷɣװɫӶҶ˵Ϳʼز֮Գ飬ȻЦúаҶİɫǰťӽ⿪Ҷ֪ʱѽ¡ 
Ц˵ʱȥ֣ 
Ҷװúܾŵ˵ȥϴʱȫǺԲ£Ź룺⻹Ƿ㣡 
˵Źأ 
ȥͷҷǳ⣬Ҷۣķȥĳ㣬ҶһҲ⣬˳Լ½ 
ҪȥխȹʽСҶһ˫չ¶˳㻹¶ڿ㡣ҶɳϣٽҶ˫ŵϣøڿϣͷ½ϵţʱҶֻһɫĶֿСѨϣСѨСڿѾʪ͸Ҷôɧ˵̬ǲ鷿һֱǰζţôӲˡ 
⿪ҶȹͷĿӣסȹһᣬҶ°ͳˡ 
ɳָڿҶСѨʹҺŽҶӣСϣҶְżӲĴ 
Ҷſɰ촽סǴĹͷȻζĳĶֿȥݺݵسմˮĶֿ˵˵ٴڿ㣬Ϊδڿ㣡ҶûֲӲĴ 
ҶŬΪֽֿڵذϣҽҶų룬ҶŻ󿪡 
ָҶȥҶڷһֱţҶſеĴ˵㡭ҪĥҡЩȥ㽫ָһ죬ҶѨ֮УҶĽͣͣĳ鶯ָҶǽдиͣ 
˼ӣҶԽԽߣ֪Ҫ߳ˣϵļӳ壬ҶŬΪͷǰ˴תŪȵݲʱι⣬Ŀֵĺ߳¶ҶСҶһУйˣСѨܶҺͬʱеСѨָСǿ˱ 
ҶϢҶˣҶȫ£ٽ覵ӼܵϣôҶѨĥšҶҲٿ˵ҡҡСҪ̽ 
ʩUҺϹ㡱 
Ҷ˵Ϲ 
ǲȥҶ˵UϹҪ 
ĽһҶѨҶŴС죬ϵıı仯 
ĴʪĻ꣬һֱͷڽ۵ĶסĻ\ҰҶдϢĻᣬҶ񱼲ѣҶûҲֳ̣ĴխСѨ㲻ͣĿͣ˶ַʹͷĶڽǿ͵ĹʪѨڣ鶯ʱ֭ҺϵĴѷ죬۹⻬ĹɹһҵǿͽĿУҶȫʱˣҲ˵ʲôܣ˵Ϲɡҡˬ 
Ҷɧ˳ˬˣҶד͸ܣͷУҵŤβͣ϶ʳ鶯ͦزµĻζţɵҶˮĽѨĲⲻͣ䶯AҶ˵˫࣬ϸ۽޵΢΢һճաеģ 
Ҷ˵ӣ΢ţ³˿˿Ŀˣ̲סᴽҶȵӭǵü͸飬Ҷۻĺϸָסı۰ҶỬϸȳƵʣСͦͦСѨˮͣʵĽһʱգգ졣 
Ҷ۵һǿҵ䶯е׳ۣҶصĴϢ˵šһ̵ɧˮҶһθ߳ͷůⲻͣ䶯ĥţַʵܵôǿҵĴ̼ǿҳġʮ£ѾҺһβʣȫҶӹ 
ҶϷźΣΣɳϣ˿Ц˵ˡϹ 
ʱ绰绰ﴫӱʫ˵У𣿡 
ָ֪ôش𣺡ոպãô£ 
ӱʫ˵֪ḽһ·꣬Ϳһͬȥ˳ף콫ѧ𣿡 
绰Ҷ˵һƬҶͬ⣬ǺӱʫеǣҶ;ʰᣬȥϺӱʫ 
ҶﷹʱӱʫѵǲСʱҶǣֵеζеԼ鸾һܹĹϵ⵽ӱʫɫԣڽʱҶϴּڼ䣬źӱʫ˵㲻ҪһʹҴӦ㣬ҺĹϵһᾡͿ˵һ˵ЦһЦɣǿͻƣ 
ʱӱʫΪЦ˵໬Ҳ֪ƭã 
˵ﲻԺܶڲ֪ҿ໬˵㣡 
ӱʫһһ죬ֱѿȥļϣЦ˵ 
ʱҶѴϴּڳ죬ʵͺӱʫ˴Σװٱˡ 
Ҷͺӱʫÿ춼һͬѧӱʫеߵĸоƻҶĸ飬õһݣҲŮѡ 
Ȼӱʫһ𣬵ȱһЩ׺ӱʫĸܣԵһϿʱҲ͵͵źӱʫ֣úӱʫ֪ 
һ죬ӱʫϿʱӱʫһҳϵ½дһЩС֡ѧ̨棡дϡOK 
ѧҶͻڴѧͼҲο飬ҪȻᣬ֮Ÿϴ¥̨ 
̨ʱӱʫѾ̨һǳɫĳһȹͷβɰ 
ӱʫΧϣǰĵӱʫ˵ʫʫô£ 
ӱʫԹ˵Һ㣡뵥ദһᣡ 
˵Ϊô뷨 
ӱʫ˵ΪԴռͿһͬǣȥţҼݹһѺ㡭㡭û˵ת 
ӱʫӺϣȥҪӣӱʫתĴӱǵѷѽ⡣ 
ӱʼ˫֣ӱʫ¡ 
һֱںӱʫţʼֱۻӱʫҲûܾһŵĻ§סӱʫһ£š 
ӱʫǳɫĳ˫鷿±ýģڿٵš 
ںӱʫϵֲʵӱʫĸ߷ȥӱʫ춣˺ӱʫ鷿ӱʫظϮҲͷһпϣһźӱʫ鷿һ׾Ĳӣӱʫ˫죬סͷ 
ֻһֱأֻ֮һһźӱʫǰۣȴҲֻ㹻϶죬˫ȥ 
ҪҪš𡭡ҡ 
ûӱʫ˵ҧĶ䣬ָ鹵ϷšӱʫڷΨһľ૵˵Uҡˡ 
һָʳָסͷ鶯˵U 
ŶŶҡŶҲˡŶӱʫϵıԽԽ㱣Ц⡭ 
ӱʫתǰģͷĳΪΪܱ侲ȴ̲סصĴ 
ҪޡϹҪ 
ɣϷŶϸ鷿⻹Ҫ̵ʲô̲ӱʫȫԾĥ˫ȣҧס´ 
ѽӱʫѹ˵UˡŶ 
ӱʫͷԼͻȻ档 
ѵ·Ŷ˵ 
ӱʫ˵ԡ 
ѺӱʫĳͷᳶҶ㣬¶һƬѩףٰұҲ£ӱʫ˫۱ɱԼ·סɫ˿ָڸ߸ͦ鷿ϣµֱܱСͻǳˡֱסһţӱʫûֿΪֻϼũUҡΡġҪˡԺ󡭡ˡ 
龫֣мţĶȹ˳ 
Һ°²ȸũUһ 
ҡҡŶŶҪӱʫŪ״ˡ 
һֱ 
ҪŲҪӱʫͻȻͺһU 
ԭָڿ㣬ѹϣµö 
ŶҪϹҪӱʫת˵ 
ѳʪָõǰ˵UĲҪ𣿡 
ӱʫͨ˿һȹŪһᣬִȹʱѶһɫ˿ڿ㲢һԣԭڿ״ţԲŻ 
ӱʫ˵ÿڿ㣬֪ӱʫġ 
ӱʫ˵졭Щҡ桭˵㽫СѨ͵ǰ 
һᵫδκжӱʫ㽫СѨ͵ϡ 
Ūӱʫ΢ͦ˫ְԴ 
һ˱ƣ٣úӱʫſڰŭ͹Сס 
ӱʫʱˬָͷޣϹҪŪˣҺðŶ 
һ溬Ū٣һ˫ֱָ̽ݺھ򡣺ӱʫʩֱķΣﲻסŶҲ֪ǿ֡ 
Ūӣӱʫܲסейˣ˼ҿҪҪͣˣҪˡ˵һˮ 
龰ͣסЦʵղˬ𣿡 
ӱʫˬ㺦˼˺ö࣬ڻɵĺ£ 
ӱʫˣ첻춵ϣ춴ϣץӱʫŵ֣ӵĿ䡣 
ҪˡӱʫԾ˵ 
úʱȻѾѿѵˣӱʫסһȺ桢ӲĴȻ֪ʲô 
󻵵ӱʫһ 
ʹ۽Ǻӱʫӱʫšָٴӱʫ˽ӱʫĽ 
ŶġӱʫU 
𣿡ʡ 
ӱʫͷʩU𣿡 
ôӱʫ˵ 
ˡףƨˣͷʪܵķϡ 
ӱʫUС 
ʲôвУͻӣƽʹӱʫץėUҲ赲ˣ֮һ 
Ŷʹ 
ӱʫȷǳ֪ʹͣǰ 
ʹӱʫԹ˵ 
Ĵһ֮󣬲Ž˵ͦȥһأӱʫ㽫ץƷſˡ 
Ŷӱʫš 
ʹ𣿡ʡ 
ӱʫҡҡͷ 
𣿡ʣϴˡ 
ĳʣ˫ͷųסӱʫСƨɣһһѹӱʫޡһѾȫȥˡ 
𣿡ġ 
ܡӱʫ§ 
ӱʫ˫ȱѹܵݲȣһһÿζ˵ֻ°ͷ룬ӱʫĶš 
ŶϡŶ֡ô 
ںӱʫ棬ů־ȣКUĿ˶ļͳŵֱֳ嶯ʱͷĥĲƣúӱʫĲšʼĶĽ࣬ӱʫҲ˵¡ 
šϹġŶá 
ӱʫ٣ĳеԲϣҪ͸Ŀһ㡣 
㡭ޡѽˡŶһ 
ϲϲʡ 
ϲŶӱʫԴ 
ϲʲôֽȥֱŪ⡣ 
ϲϹϲϹʫʫϲϹð㡭ӱʫ˵ĿĻUϹϲʫʫ𡭡 
ϲ㡭ϲʫʫ 
ϡϹʫʫ㡭ʫʫġ 
 
ˡ 
ˣֻǼĳţӱʫҪš 
̫ˡŶܲˡ硭ܲˡѽˡˡѽ 
ӱʫţȳһɽһҪõĵطѾŮİغˡ 
ϹమһЩҪ㡭ӱʫӽĹͷˡ 
ҹ̵ǿӱʫ֫۷飬ֵһȦһȦš 
ŶŶˡˡӱʫUš 
ӱʫˮԽԽ棬·С 
ͣϹһ㡭ӱʫ 
ӱʫԽԽûԼ֦һͦСӹΣˮ߳ˡ 
ޡӱʫųĽ޵UϹ 
סıǰȫıݣʡ 
ӱʫͻȻĬĿΣ˵UԲ𣡡 
Բʲôӱʫ˵U 
ֵĬˣӱʫĵ˵U֪ǿġ 
˵ʲôֻסӱʫƽ⣬ⱧŤɻӲķģþͰԼŪٶ 
Ϲӱʫϸ˵Uٶһҽ⡭֡ 
ѵ֣ӱʫߵĹԹԵȥѡ 
ӱʫޱȣæأŲţֿʼ 
šӱʫš 
ŵ˺ӱʫĴǵͷӱʫ۶˫ֽرҵСͷָʳָļвţֺӱʫĺһ𵴡 
ӱʫɶСҲϸţؿ¸סңɵš͸ˣܺӱʫķ 
ӱʫĹôͣˣһƣһı飬ȤӱʫȻϸϸƤˬ߰㣬û뵽ӻôãͷǣӲʹ 
ϵӱʫҪʱӱʫƿĴСѨӱʫţ㲻˵ҪģôֿộʵҪܾͬˤǣЦţһע⣬Ʒץִס˫֣ܣҪʲô 
ӱʫϣӲѹڷ۵£ǰҡΣûüӦԼ͡ӡش 
ݴͣȥˣ棬ӱʫſ˫֣ǰ󽻳СʹϣĸһµļӱʫǰVVĿ 
ӱʫԽԽȣߣUӱʫղһ룬׶˼ηŽԼġ 
óŶӱʫ˵Uôôأ 
Ҳֱ֪ʵˡ 
ӱʫ߹壬ƶƨɣ÷ѨȥŶ£Ѿˣͷһһ棬任ƣĳ˫ͬף˫ѹǰСƨյ 
ŶŶũUȥˡ 
һ˵Բһ߻ѹ춰ȫ° 
˿ 
ɧ̬̼ðѳֲס밴͸һŸտʼͦ£ӱʫæ˵UҶ 
ӱʫèһϣҡԲΣҲҪŪû뵽޶ԣԼมมš 
ƽͣ顣 
ƽֵʡ 
ֻ˵ 
˱˻ԣ˫סƨɣݺݵʶִĴСѨֱֱ͵úӱʫֻ̱ݴķݡ 
ø硭ҡҲᡭѽ㡭Ϲܲ˵ġ 
ʹʹͲš 
ˡŶ˵Uࡡҡҡ񡭡Ҫˡ 
ĹͷصػӡӱʫԼ֪ǣĻһĲһС˱һѨøøʹ죬ͣͣˡ 
ŶŶӱظ߳úܿUˡ군ˡˡ 
ӱʫȫ죬ӹǽֱȻͻȻĵϣ͵͵ڳҭȴĲ̡ 
Һð㰡Сߵ˵ 
Ķǣż鶯һ㣬ͽŵץļ˵U𶯣𶯣ϹҹˡҪˡ 
ô죿㶵˵ 
ҡҲ֪ε˵ 
ףǿЦéUղ˵ҵġ 
Ҳӱʫǰ 
ǡҲҪѽ˵ 
Ҫӱʫܾ 
㡭˵ 
Ҫӱʫ 
Ȼ壬ӱʫҲһӱʫҪסӱʫVV˵Uǿ׳ 
ӱʫƽ͵ıϢͷòȥĥգӱʫҸ΢Ц 
ˣ˵Uһδ£һº𣿡 
ӱʫĴСѨСѨˮˮĴһֱϣߵĸȥſСẬסմˮĴͷŪţһָŪңһŪһһµ泩ޱȡ 
ӱʫףһС˫ִķһҪ߾עûֽ߽ŵ£̼رǿңȻ֮ͻͷʹһӱʫ֪Ҫ군ˣӽϵ׶һͦס͡ˡӱʫڣʱͷھͷſɣСȻŹͷԽࡱһ¶ȥ 
ɣ˵UŶã 
ӱʫɵד³ȡֽС졣 
źӱʫ˵һͿ˵Ĺϵİɣӱʫмıϸϸ 
ͺӱʫһʱ䷢̨˲СʱǴҴææ·󣬱뿪У԰




14 

ԴҶͺӱʫһֺͬӱʫ̬ȸı䣬һֿرܺһЩ飬ͺӱʫҲһְµı֣ûиı䣬֪൫޻^ʵ 
ֱһ죬ԼֻҶͺӱʫǣҶźӱʫķ̸Ҷͼ̽ķʽʺӱʫǼºûô𣿡 
ӱʫ˵Ѿûˣлģ 
Ҷ˵ҷȺʱ棬ǲҵһ죡 
ӱʫ񱻽Ҵܣͨ쵫Ĺϵ 
ҶӱʫķӦ˵ȥţҿͰкۣô£ 
ӱʫε˵㲻Ҫʰɣһ뿪ǲ谭ǵķչ˵뿪Ҷȴ 
Ҷ侲˵ʶͰô꣬²ͻȻģһ飬˵֪˭˭ǣ 
Ǻӱʫ㽫ǿһһҶϸ˵һк󣬺ӱʫ˵֪ǵߣҲ˳ʱ򡣡 
Ҷ˵㰮У 
ӱʫ˵Ұôã 
ҶʣúͰһʱôо 
ӱʫʵĪǻش𣺡ҾҺܹػȻʱܻ˼ţһֻСɫ찮ʱҸеҲǰҵģ֮ϲؽĸо 
Ҷӱʫһ󣬲ûκαʾһЩ⣬ӱʫҶû˵뿪˫ġʱҶ˵ΪԼԷ𣿡 
ӱʫûлشΪҲ֪𰸣Ҷ˵Բ뿪 
ӱʫ׷ʣǷ뿪УһеھΣ 
Ҷ˵ûһ취㲻ֻҺһҪ뿪𣿡 
ӱʫѲµ𰸣ֲҿ϶δܴϣҶ˵֪Ϊô𣿡 
ӱʫҡͷ˵֪ 
Ҷ˵ΪҸղ⣬ҼʹԼһԣҲŮһ򡣡 
ӱʫ춿ԷſʱҶ˵ĿԽң 
Ҷ˵ǣʱܸ֪ 
ӱʫ׷ʣΪô 
Ҷ˵Ϊ֪ǷİǣҪΪзԽ죬һ뿪 
ӱʫ˵Ҳͬ뷨 
Ůڷ̸Ȼĸٲᵽ찮龰ӱʫʹ˵ҵֺ񲻺 
ҶЦ˵Ҿ֪Ϊô 
ӱʫ׷ʣΪô 
ҶЦ˵Ϊиɵö࣬ԣ鷿ˣ 
ӱʫ˵˵ô¶ǣ 
Ҷ˵ֻ˵ʵҿ˶٣˵ӱʫ鷿ȥһỹӱʫڣӱʫ鷿Ҷֺӱʫ鷿ִԼ鷿ڣŮҲ֡ 
ӱʫҶһᣬСѨȻʪ˵ôã 
Ҷ˵·òҶδشѽӱʫȥ˳ºӱʫĶȹʱӱʫֻзۺɫ˿ּ԰״ķۺɫȼڿ㣬ڿϻˮսӱʫֳ 
Ҷ˵ֲðл㣬ҿҲĶ 
ӱʫ˵ҲܰһԵ 
ӱʫ֪ҶҲŮӣҲǸеα˵㶼۸ҵġ 
Ҷ˵۸أúõİ㡣ֱӱʫСڿڣСѨ 
ѽ㣡ӱʫգ϶Ժ΢ЦUšš 
ӱʫҶҶҶӣϡúӱʫţ֪Ǻãӱʫ̰˱ַ˺ܴľ˿ݣൽûжκη 
ӱʫҲʱҲʼȥҶ·Ҷֻʣɫ˿ּɫĶֿ㣬ӱʫ˫ֻҶĴ 
ʵҶʱСѨҲʼˮͣټȥķӦ޷԰ΣⶼǹԼǵĻ 
ӱʫʱҶ£Ҷֻ˫ָסһ˫鷿뿪ӱʫҪڿ㣬ҶΪ˱Ǿ߳ӱʫں׷ϣŮڿ׷γһ޵ĳ棬ҶҲȥڿ㣬ӱʫҲͬҶһ˿ңĵɢ˵¿㡣 
Ҷͺӱʫڿط£ǳʱԷСѨӱʫҪҶڽҶҪӱʫͬԿڽŴӦڿبϸĵԷˣ䣬ͬʱ߳ˮԷ͡ 
߳˻ǳبวϣǶبדԷĺã޶ʼԷҪлὫһҪúù 
ʱͻȻпŵҶͺӱʫæ̧ܻطٴ· 
Ƿٴæ뿪пɣǾεظҶͺӱʫݏȫûзǡ 
ҶͺӱʫһľĹ԰ڣеˮ£ͬʱһŮǰȥƿʱӱʫǰʹףҶȴס˵һ˵ô˵ɣҶͺӱʫˮԵС͵Ůӵ˵ 
ҶͺӱʫŮʱӱʫϳŮͬϵͬѧ룬ȫϵϵϵò־ᣬͬӵضġҶͺӱʫһĵضȹǰֳһ鹵 
˵𣿡 
˵ˣʹӿȡһЩ뿴 
˵ô˼ǮǲҪģֻѡҶͺӱʫĪ 
˵ҿóģҲѡ 
˵㲻ҽͺӱʫ̨ɵĺҶ˵𣿡 
һ˵ȻӦ㣬֪ѾǲҲ˺ǣҶͺӱʫʱףΪͺӱʫ̨찮ʱܵв 
˵㲻Ƕȥ𣿡 
˵ʧȥǣǴǰҶȥӦõģ 
˵Ҷ֪ͺӱʫ¡ 
ʱ˵˵ɣͷһͼҶͺӱʫС߳Ҷ˵ϲ˵ɣǰ֣뱻޻˵תȥ 
뿪ҶͺӱʫʹŤĶ˵㣡 
룺Һܺˣֻ綷ܹǻᡣ 
ص󣬺ӱʫֱӵ˵ѡһѡһѡңһѡǷǣ 
һ˵һѡǡ 
Ҷĵ˵Ϊô 
˵ǲҪģҽͰɣֻѡһˣͻ˺һˣҲܵ˺֪ǣҶǸĶ氮ԣһѡǣοֻѡ񣬶಻ƽѡȨ˽İҪమءáݣϣǽһҸõĶ󡣡 
Ҷ˵뿪Ϊôǵѡ񣡡 
˵ǲһˣ 
ӱʫ˵㲻֪أ 
˵ҲõһʹĴ𰸡 
Ҷͺӱʫ˵д𰸡 
ӱʫ˵ʵҺͿֹҵԺ£ǿԻܶԷϵŮӡ 
ӱʫû˵ǰҶͺӱʫţ˵ҺܿģģŵڶλŮˡ 
ҶͺӱʫŤŰĶ˵ΪôŵڶλŮˣ 
˵һλҵ裬δţҶͺӱʫſĶ䡣 
ӱʫ˵˼ұˣǽҪأ 
˵۽Ƕǰһ䣡 
Ҷ˵ⷭ飡 
ӱʫ˵ҾΪǽҪƭٴΣ 
һ˵ұ^ҵ˵ȫʵһж֤ 
Ҷͺӱʫһͬ˵ж֤ 
˵ǡ 
Ҷͺӱʫ֪ǱˣҶӱʫ˵ҪСһȥϴ裬㲻͵Ǳԡҵûйš 
ԡҺûˮ͵͵ĿǷô£˭֪̽ͷһһԶָǵŤš 
Ҷͺӱʫֻ¿㣬һͬ˵Բģ 
˵ֻǺûˮ֪ô£ 
Ҷ˵ڣ 
ӱʫ˵㻹δ˵ΪôԾܾŮѡ 
˵Ǻ֪𣿡 
Ҷͺӱʫ˵ǣ 
˵ܼ򵥣ΪҵѱǰˣڳʱſӲŮȫûзӦ 
ӱʫ˵֪滹Ǽ٣ǲҪ㣬㲻Ҫ𣿡 
˵붼ǣδǰȺԧԡ 
Ҷ˵⹷У 
Ҷͺӱʫһͬ⿪ǵ֣鷿ͬʱ֣ҶͺӱʫҲֵڵϣ˫ּǵ񱳣ǵڿǵˡ 
еҶͺӱʫСѨʮʪ󣬵֪ҶͺӱʫǰٷʱµģҶͺӱʫûƿÿط 
һ˿һԧϷˮ˵һ찮 
ҶͺӱʫûκαʾϴϺҶͺӱʫΧԡ󣬾ķڣֻóĵĸ뷿ҶͺӱʫȫǣǸวͽǣֻԹߡ 
ҶͺӱʫһǣȻҶͺӱʫֿ˫Űص˽ǰ 
ҶͺӱʫҲ˵ǰοıʮָϲĥӺƵģúӱʫ˫ͨ졣 
ҶͺӱʫģʹһʰǾ͵ 
ǱҶһֽ⿪ӱʫԡѺӱʫƵڴϣںӱʫͣӱʫһ㱻ҶŪø߳𣬻ŤŴѾ಻סȡжʱҶһɫʾⲻҪʱҶתƣҶͷźӱʫĽţҶָΪͷӱʫ˿£ӱʫĴֻ̼岻ϴУ֪ӱʫͿҪ߳ 
Ҷӱʫͷ˵Щɣ 
Ҷ˺ӱʫ𣬺ӱʫѲһеҶŪҶ֪ӱʫѱΧضźӱʫ£ӱʫ˷ܵüε 
ӱʫҲʾŪҶָ֮࣬Ҷ֮ڣҶҲ߳ŮĴһͬؽдǸĥҶͺӱʫ찮Ϊͬߡ 
ҶͺӱʫȻһΪŪߺңֻѩ׵鷿ǰҡΣ̲ס˷ڴǵ 
ӱʫǳû¶ָխ΢ſʷۺɫģ͸˵ˮңºӱʫʱ̲סѷţȻذڣӱʫ˷ܵͣŤʹдͬʱŵӱʫڷ㡣 
ҶԺӱʫѺӱʫǿϸСۺɫͷڿ˱Ҳʱҧӱʫӽе˻ߣҶ֪ӱʫѾ˷ܣҶ֪ʱſҶӵһȻٶȻ¡ 
ҶȽӱʫŪü˷Ȼ֮ǰȲ࣬ĸоӣȻʼʱҶѷ֮ƴ˱ϣҶСĵض׼ԼȻ󻺻еխȺʪ֪ҶҲ͡ 
߲ĽխʱҶıʮܣĳиĽúӱʫ 
ӱʫҶҶݡ 
ȻӱʫѾ޿̣Ѳ˵߳ܵľҶǰοֲͣشԼ鷿ˣͬʱ 
ʱҶӱʫֽӱʫʱҶϣӱʫҲɼʱ׻ƨͷˣӱʫʱ壬ͣذڶͷ 
ӱʫ˷ܵ˵˼ңšϹ 
Ҷͬʱͷţȵӱʫ߳ʱǣҶһ˱ԷͷһڶµҶסӱʫһͬ 
ֻźӱʫˣͷӱʫΪҶĽ̵Ժӱʫܿﵽ߳Ҳϵˮ·ʳźӱʫ֭ҺһҶڲͣĥܵ˫صĴ̼ʹסҪҶ侫ҶܵӦеڼӿٶȣʱһαһδʹ߸ڣ߼ֱɶײҶӹҶ춵ֵסģҲˡˡ侫ɣľҺҵӹҺҪ 
Ҷһ߳߾ͶסӹһŨʮ㾫ҺһǽһǣһֱҶӹ 
Ҷδڰڶ壬ҲһҪľҺȫǬ 
Ҷ˯ԣкӱʫ69ʽӱʫԥϣںλúѹס죬ȫպòźҶùҶ֭ҺӱʫſСȫҺúζ 
ҲºӱʫˣʹӱʫȻںߵҲҶǱӱʫϰӱʫһNҶӺҶǺӱʫ鷿ʱʱҧϸ۶еͷһͷӱʫڲòӱʫܲˣڴϰ³˻ߵؽд 
Ҷ׼Ƶӱʫߣӱʫȫû֣ҶȥӱʫԴķתҶϣӱʫͷҶڣҶ߳𣬶Ҷͷոȼ䣬˳°Ĵڿ˱ʱγһλڽҶΪձ侫ӱʫЩҺҶˮһȥӱʫѾɱΣƽʱԲΪ 
ܵĴ̼̲סҶĿ侫 
ҶҲԥʳЩҺҲͣ˱̾ÿһξҺҶͺӱʫ¶ı顣 
̲סźӱʫͷҪÿΪŪӲҶܹɵָӱʫ˱źӱʫ 
ĴܿͦҶһ溬źӱʫͷһѺӱʫƶֱӴߡ 
Ƚٷֿ˫ȣȻŪӱʫҲļ尾һжԺ󣬺ӱʫֻпĽӴһеҪԼҶʵΪӱʫߵ˵ɰϹʫʫҪ㡭 
ӱʫˮӿʱŽ׼ӱʫխڣӱʫβߣĲӱʫʱӱʫҶԱ߰οĶҲᡣ 
ӱʫط飬żذѴӱʫڣӱʫǽ۶խ߼еֽ춳Ϊϲӱʫܻӭĸо 
ӱʫӦĴƨɱذڶӱʫߵ˵ϹЩʫʫ 
㿪ʼ壬ӱʫʱеͷļ˽Ӵӱʫӹ춸оѾȫ؁˺ӱʫ 
Ѵ˻ʱմ˲ٺӱʫˮҲմ˺ӱʫˮ 
ҶʱĴϵˮµǬǬȻС͹ͷĿУҶְͷӱʫĿУӱʫұܣǱҶóѣӱʫ춳Լˮ 
Ҷ˵ոٴκͺӱʫǣκӱʫҲܷŵҶǣҺӱʫʱͷҶĿòҲ˻ٶȽ߲ӱʫϿխڣӱʫѾڣʹĴԳͨ裬һĴһһţֻڿ˰ٶ£̲סҪ侫ˡ 
ԵҶʱкӱʫ㿪Ҷͺӱʫ˸ÿڰľҺȥǸĴǬǻ¶ԷͷҪľҺ¡ 
ؽһЩҶͺӱʫСѨѻ;ҺˮͿĨǵĸϣǻΪڸǵβҶβһ֣ȻָĸţҶ׽סֹ롣 
Ҷͷѳйļϣֹס濹ܵͷȻδ˵U⡭ҡôššม˼㡭㡭ԡ 
ӱʫҶסҶ޷ƶſҶı߲ĺͥ˫Ȼ׽סҶĵ˫֣ҶֲͣŤβʹδ׵֣ԵĺӱʫۣĴ׼ҶĺͥҶѴǰһͦҶһҽ£ĴѾҶĺͥʱҶ˫ۺ޵˵ʹ 
ҶѾкͥĳҹȨˡ 
Ҷ˺ߵ˵ѾѿڲСѨĵһθҲӦ㣡 
Ҳ˵ֻӵǣĺ԰塣 
ҶҲе˷ܣԲƨɺĶϣȻ 
Ҷ˷ܵĽе㡭˺û۸˼ҡҡˬˬ 
ҶҲܲסһΣȻ˫ڴ˵ˡܲˡ 
ҲҺҶĸڣطй 
ӱʫﾹȻȴҪҲӵֻðҶıӵǡ 
Ҷʱ˹˵ʫʫѺĵһҲ׸аɣ 
ӱʫΪǱ˵ðɣ 
ԼӲӱʫ˵㿴ҪĻҪЩݼӲ 
Ҷֳ˹˵ʫʫ㲻ÿڰϹɣ 
ӱʫ޵˵ϹҲһ룬кöһͣ 
һʧ㽫ӲҶͺӱʫǰλν޳ʱΪֿڲΪŪλν޸鷿ٶӲ 
ҶѺӱʫѺӱʫʮβֿôĸزȥӱʫĸŽխʱӱʫʹôҽУ˫ĴץȻץסҶ鷿ŤʹҶ 
֮Ѵȫ룬鶯ʱӱʫҲӱʫ˷ܵ˵ˬҪ 
ӱʫֽе㣬ٿ㣬ƨۡ 
ٺ壬̲סŨŨľҺһɽסһںӱʫĸڡ 
ӱʫҲvſڱУ˸Ǭ 
ֱõҶͺӱʫڡСѨ͸ŵĳҹʹ⣬Ƕ԰Ȥغÿһط 
һЦʱһš෬ս˴ʮƣۣöñĽ硣 
ʱҶͺӱʫ˯ԣǼλνޣȻشѧϹ֡ 
Ҷͺӱʫû֣Ǳ糣ѧϿΣֱ緹ʱ˵ǰڴѧſڵһңһЩҪ𣿡 
Ҷͺӱʫֹ֣ǴӦ 
ֱ¿κ󣬺ӱʫһʱ뿪ңӱʫô£һͬѧ׽һЩĵ⣬ӱʫһʱܴѲ֪ȥԣֻڴѧſڵ 
ӱʫѧſʱҶһᣬӱʫҶûзְУzz 
ʱһѧͬѧ֦õֱ͸ҶͺӱʫºΪʱͬѧ߿ˣʱ½һõ͸Ҷͺӱʫǹ˲õ塣 
ҶͺӱʫĪջͻȻһһʱһ֧ٹڵҶͺӱʫֳ°ΧۣʱҶͺӱʫڶúֳʮ飬Ǹͨ죬ִŤĶ˵֪Լڸô 
˵ҰֱԶȫţͷ죬׽ǵ֡ 
ҶͺӱʫΪεĳ棬Ǳ뿪ഫҵ 
˵лλæ 
Ҷ˵صٸˣǱ뿪ѧУš 
ǻصһ£ 
˵ҶͺӱʫǽĶࡰģ¡ 
ǴڿʼŬغϴ硣 




15Լ 

ԴӹҶͺӱʫĹϵȻwĽĿ⣬пֻԼ֪ΪҶͺӱʫλν޷ǵûȴף 
ʵֻ˹ͬһݣҶͺӱʫʮأҶͺӱʫػҸʵͬӣΪԭÿһ䷿Ϊͬÿӵν޶˯ɫ㣬۵ͬ 
мƻΪôҶͺӱʫôѹأǰĽ 
𰸾Ҫıʼ֮ѹҶͺӱʫΪ֣֮ȥҲͼǿҶͺӱʫ𣬵ֻ˵׽ŮѣԣҪ취ɢǡ 
һֳˣΪһǴѧÿһȵӭᣬ᳡ѡһϸ߼DISCO ʮ֣ҶͺӱʫȻҲϯǰթ󷽺죬˵лһӱʫҶǵ⣡ 
Ĳװĵģ 
Ҷȥ걻ľ飬˳һ𣬵ʼնҵᡣ 
뾲ĵؽһЩҩˮ󣬱ӱʫ£ͻȻһײһ֮ԭǵϵڳĸ߲С󡱷ֽһûзҩˮڷϣŪ÷Ǳ 
֮ԽСΪſɵĿװƽЬϵĻױɫĸʮֿţһͿݣԣͬѧڱָָ㡣 
Χۣ뿴ԶĺӱʫֺҶһ𣬻ٴգǨŭ춷ϣ˵˹֣һƴڷϣͻȻ׽֣룺Ϊôô谭ң 
ͷһ㿴˾պȻ׽֣˾պȻɫװ֣ɫƤĽʵһƵ乤ˣò롰Ϲϵ֪ǴѧϵѧǸ߲һȫ 
뿴˾պȻеⲻ˾պȻΣĸҵǵľͣ뿴뵽ִЩط׬ȡ룬ֲ֪ùôԲź 
˾պȻûг˵㲻Ҫݣ 
뻹Ӳ˵ʹϲߣ˹ֳĳ˹־䣡 
һۺDISCO ſȥ뻹˵㻹׷ȥ˾պȻҲֻøųȥ 
Χ۵˼ûϷԳȥɢȥĺѸǰȰҪȥ˸һˮʣһʱЩζʣⱭˮȡģ 
һλŮͬѧ˵ղź˾պȻִʱµǱ 
һɫһ䣬ΪǱˮ˴ҩ׼ӱʫ󣬵²պԼ˿˵ǣ뿪ᣬͣԼ˽ҳϢϣҩЩɢȡ;УҩɢоΪĸоСѨ˽ȥƵģеԼ˺ܶˮֻÿǽϢ޷ֻԼ 
ʱһ¼ͷͷһͬϵѧ־֪һӣ־˵ô԰㣿 
˵ûôֻЩʣȥϢһᣡ 
־̣ƾľϼµȼһ𣬱ƻ˵ҷϳɣ 
־Ĵ£ϳĺϢ־û߿һͬڳϣҲǴŮͼ 
ĳһгд־дϺٰ³İťα£ñһԴ־뱧ţµӵȥ 
Ҫƿ־ǿֱۣ΢ҩɢ£κãһµɼͶУ֪ܲһ١ 
־ѿʼëëšȹµٰѵʱֻ־鷿⼷ñΣͷ˱ţͷͷȼѾͦ쳤ڱ˱øȻ࣡طſȥŪźšƽš 
־ȹ˫סڿ࣬һԺ൱ϣ̧Σ׵ذڿѹϡ־ҲҲѵϥϣ뿴¶һֳִ׳ĴǴֶȿһֻҲղ 
뿴ôִĴɽСѨ᲻Ѩأ 
־ѹϣᰡѹúߺ߼ҺŮ幹رܹ˵ȫ¶ԲԲ۵Ĵ鷿ѹŰѩѩ⡣ 
־ȻͷͷȥͿʼСͣͷȥ˿촽ԺﻹתͷȥȴƬ촽׹ǹԹŪ÷ŵıϢͷ֮϶Ӳ˿롰źߡһ־ͷѾⶺŪҺҲ˳ŪһƬǽ壬Ƭֽε촽ܶմҺ˸ء 
־˫ѾֱŪǰ鷿ϴ¼ңú۵Ĵ鷿Ūòͳָ۵ͷתţŪýȴͷסֻܷź 
־ѾȥˣĴȹߡ 
־ָѨ壬̡ĲŪ֪СѨѾˮȫշת鷿ŤŤȥʱ򣬾ѹƤڹ־ظ¹ȥ 
־б£ƽʱ˰ٵڳŪôŪˮֱ 
־Ĵ׼СѨһϺס˹ͷ̡ޡȫֱˣһＱٵطšԶһͦ˳˰ֳʵ㣬ֲһ춵סͣŲ뻹طһġҪ֪군־ǿˣСѨĴ󼦰ͺݺݲ˽ȥ 
־ʼʹظƨһһɵȫշתŤòˬȥ۵ƨɣԼϣȻƨɺ°׳ĴͳѨڻһǷ۵СѨըơ 
֧ȫȫ嵽СѨ漷̫־ĴѾӹڣڴHǿǲˣÿһ¶ײӹڣȻٲ˽ȥСᴩˡ 
־һ߸룬һ˵ˮöรû 
뵱Ȼ֪־ĴڸѨ֡󡱵˵ֱǸǷ˸ɵСޣҼˬдأʱֻ֪СѨҪҪĴֹֻܷŶŶ 
ʱɵȫŵÿɹ־Բ۵Ĵ鷿ĳͶεεţںڰгʰͷҲҵضżΪ 
־Ҳ벻ϵϵᱻɳӣұɵļŮŪ 
ڹ־ǿҹ£ҲмӴ˷Ӧϸ֫ҲҵŤţֻλץţѨ֭־ĴŪȡƨɡζǡ 
־뱻Σ͸ɵø˷˵ٺ٣㿴ǲǺɳúÿҵĴСѨҸ㣡˵ƨʱ˳ʱʱʱҡǸȻѨҺŤѨڳȥҲĴͷ 
־άʮӣҲiˣͰ뷭λϣ˳Ҳ·ѩ׵βֽӺɽСѨû˵ǷسȥһҲ 
뱻־ɵֻСĸ޳ܵĽдǶˣ뱾ŵĳ㷢ȫɢʹ־˷ܣͻȻ֦һ㣬ۣˬˣˬˣҪӸΪӣ˵ر룬־ƨһֱǿҵؼţֱӹȻʱõ˸߳СѨڽ־ĴţҪǬÿξҺ 
־СѨ侫ʮ룬ͻȻ˳ǸմǾҺתȻ°ţʹſСͣҺҺĴȥŪšطľҺſϰݡ 
־ϣŻԲѩ׵ƨɣ۵鷿ӰֵģĹ־ˮֱһ򲻿٣־ħַϸ@޳ˣ־ԽԽݣĴڲȥʱϵҩ༺ɢȥѿ޿޵˵̫ม 
˭֪־аЦ˵Сޣ㻹װʲô 
벻˵˵˵⻰ʲô˼ 
־¶һЦ˵ղǸɧǹ 
һֱ֪ν˵һ뵽ղǸɧ˵ĵԱ־һΪСޣ޲Ҹȥʱǵͨ죬ǿ˵ҽЩ³ 
־пõֵˣ§סȻת밴ţ˵ſңҪȻҪม 
־ƤЦ˵а˭㡭 
Ҳˣе־ħСѨϻ־˵มСѨͣˮСʲô¸ǰٿĪ硣 
־˵һͷ㿪ʼԲ鷿־˷ܵ˵룬زִеԣ 
ĵ˵Ҫ㡭 
֪Լʱͺһ̼̱ɹ־ᱡ־ʧѸᴥ۵СѨ뾪ֵġһ־н»Ū봭 
־ҪİʹȥСѨѻ;Һˮͷ۵СѨͷתֿץס־ǿ׳ֱۣ˭֪־ͷѨ޲е飬Ѩš 
־аЦ˵Сޣ˵ġ˵Ͻ־ٺ٣Ц 
־˫ŶĴȣӲǵĴ۵СѨϣһҵĻֽšҪ㡭졭ס֡ 
־˫ָץסϸ󣬷ǰһѹַʵͼˮ۽ü塢С췢šš 
־Ѩסֳˬٴθо־ѹϣصСѨпٵĳ鶯ţ־Ϣ˵ɧøɡ 
˵Ҫ 
ѾȫʹֻСȻ˵ţҪϸŹ־ĳȥĹ־⼫ˣ־˫ס鷿ϽխѨ鷿־ָüŤΣ˹־ָץۡ 
־Ѩͣٴα־ȼˣֲҽгֻܡĺţ־һģҵĳ̡̡ɵȫŤ㷢ĴƮšš˽ţŲ̫ҪŪһᡭ 
ֻԽ˵šŰҪҪšźߡźߡһȫʣܻдСѨ̡ 
ΪЩȥҧأŹ־ĳ壬ŤСƨӭţ־Ҳ־õϣСȵѨסţĶ˱ŹͷЮˬͣͷ顣 
־Ϣ˵Ҫˡ 
ϽֹУ㡭γ 
־ǹô࣬ݺһϸỬֻ˵ѽҪ棬ỳеģΡ 
㷢ɢҲҵĳٴνҺȫڣ̱ϣɳƤһƬʪܣ־ſſѨ滹մľҺ˵γȥҪǻô죿 
־һνģ˵Ȣ𣡡 
벻м˵㳤ĵ˭Ҫ㰡һȥ 
붼ˣҲͲܻں˫ŵĿֽѨҺдʵŹ־ 
־˵ľԵЩδ˵ȥ뾪Ҫ㻹ס֡ 
ٺ٣־ȻܷŹ⣬Ͼ鲻УڳϺսһغϣ붼ʲô֣κѹ 
ֱ־˻ؼң־˷ܵĴصԼ䣬Źţӵһ𷭵Ĵϡ˻ˣżĽ־·ťۣ־Ļţȥ㣬ڿһһͻˡ 
־һѹ⣬ת룬뿴˵Uػôͦ 
־ͦǰҡ 
ȥգ׽ס¶Ĺͷԥſھ˱־ͷԵ棬ֵȥڴϣͺŹͷ˫ԶԼ·ֱֻʣ·ۺɫǿ㡣 
־˯һͷȥķ˫顣־ȥ࣬ȥֵȻʮãȥڿ㡣 
˵vģ 
־ǽȥҲȫˣһƬǾҺˮ־ѾģӲæſϣѨڣһȫû 
Ŷг 
־ŬŤͦĸоǳǿңĸ߹־Ŀ֡ 
־ܵĳ鶯˫۳۾ҡεĴ鷿ƨɷɿš뿴ӣҲ̧ۣͷӣȥ⣬ͷŪ־÷飬ͷҲĶ䣬ȥɦǶס 
СѨɣ˴صĴϢ޷ͣ֫־סڴУ߳ˡ 
־еļ鼸£ҲŮͬѧŨֶľҺ 
սϣ־ߣǵø߳İ˵Ŀ־§ʩUǷϸ񣿻᲻᲻ 
˵־ʩUж೤ 
˵ҵѺܵҴδǸҹѲ࣡־۾ 
˵İ 
־ʣҺЩǰѺЩ 
̣˵ȷЩ־ųˡ 
ѽ뾪˵UôӲˣ 
ԭ־Ḷ́ô̧ͷ壬˵UãôҪٸһΣ 
˵־ŬĲ룬ΣҪ벻ٽ̸֪Ὣɺʱǧ֤֤ñѲ뿪 
뿪־ļʱյ峿־ݳؼңڳСݣൽҵʱѾˡ 
־˵˯һ𣿡 
˵ˣʵлҪ˵ 
־˵ô£ 
˵£ֻһεġ 
־Ϊô飬Ժ󻹶ǣǹ־ȴװһʧөUΪǺܿĵġ 
˵ա 
־˵ǲܵģ֪ҵŮ֮УûһƯͿɰ 
˵ǣѡ 
־˵Ҳûа취ܲڸұǱ𣿡 
˵⡭ 
־˵Ҫ󡣡 
˵ǡðɡ 
ĸ־־Ҳʵİӵ뻳УűСϡ 
ʱе㿹ܵģڹ־ļ£ܿټϹ־˫ص־оܵģ־˫ȹʱǷȿʼ顣 
־ʱҲˣȥСڿ㣬Ȼһƿ˹־˵ԣ 
־˵һΰգǸϿЩ 
˵ǲˡ 
־˵㿴ҵӲģѿɳŵСɽģȥˣⶼ㺦ġ 
붢Ź־Ǹ߸ߵĿɵUʱҲܸ˿ 
־˼ֻ¸˿æ˵UգҲ·ˣҺҿˣҲ 
˵ 
־˵գѾԹ𣿡 
Ź־Ŀɣ˵ͷ־æ£Ȼѿ£ͳӲĴǰζһְֻѴķţͷСڹͷ֮ϣǱѹͷਣתȦ־ĴůʪСڣѹ־ˬüҪ־춺оġ 
ǹ־˫ַͷϣİȥܡ־Ҳ˵СѨúĻȥÿġȻһֱֻԼȹ 
ܵԼĴ̼ԵøͶ룬ѹ־Ĵਵüӱټһĵӣ˫ش̼£־̲סıҪ̷ˡǹ־ɱͷѨų˼ʮ£־ľҺ㾡ˡ 
־ĺ˿γĴصɨϣ뿫ĨǬŻؿڡܹ־ղʵڰ͵̫ˣڴϢ 
־˵ˬ㿴 
⻰һæתͷûŷķmȭڹ־š 
־һЦȡЩֽΪǱ˵UټˣСˡ 
ҹļսֱۻˣصҾͺ˯Ƿ׺պĵ




16ɫä 

ϣһıһ䷿ڣڵĴ˯һἰòŮӣòϿȥʶ֪˭ذϾ˯һǿӣ˾պȻ 
뷿ʱ˾պȻˣߵڵϴּϴºߵ߿ϵŮӣ˫Щף˵²Сô㣡ǰٿᣡ 
ϵŮӾȻǡС󡱷񣬵Ϊô˾պȻһҪͽ߳DISCO ʼ˵ 
˾պȻ߳DISCO 󣬱ͬѧĹϵ밲οԣ˾պȻ׷˳ȥDISCO 븽ĺ˾պȻ룺Ȼᱻɫٲƿܻˣֻøǰ 
ͻȻ˾պȻһǷĽӿŲȥҷ 
ʱһͰϿ˾պȻŵ˵ûˣȥҰ㱨𣿡 
Ī˵˵ô 
˾պȻ˵㲻ǱΪôֿޣ 
˵ֻߴ·ټϡټϡԱ㡭Խ˵Խ˵ǲɧŵҪ𣿡 
˾պȻĸܣǵ˵Ҳ˼ֻǹͬѧ 
񼤶˵㲻Ҫңֻһ˾պȻʱ಻֪Ǻãʱ๤ߵ˾պȻͷϸ˵һеƭŮģһǮһǸ飡 
˾պȻֻ뾡ᣬ˾պȻԵ򷮱˵뿪˵ɣ 
˵Ҳֻһ 
˾պȻ뿪֪ᷢô£һ򷮱˵ǲһҾ͸ 
һ˵ô 
˾պȻŷ߳ʱеۻ޹ǣһôһƳ̳󣬾˷ϳ 
Ƴ̳һֱʻһǹͣ˾պȻ䳵ŷǹһµڣңõһǣȻںܶˣз½ûǡ 
˾պȻ˵ﾡ޳ֲң 
񿴿˾պȻļϿ޵ñߵģߵע⣬˾պȻ״һƷļͷ˵߰ɣ 
˵Ϊô 
˾պȻ˵˼귨Ҫ뿪 
ֻú˾պȻ뿪ǹʱ˾պȻϵĻѱˮʱ⵽һͷ˳㷢룺òģӦԵ 
˾պȻl˵ҹסؼң 
ֿԼl˵ţҽ 
˾պȻ˵㲻⣬Ҽסһ 
˵᲻᲻㣿 
˾պȻ˵ᣡ 
˵ðɣ 
˾պȻͷһƳ̳Ƴ̳һ·ɽĺլʻȥһıͣ£˾պȻŷڳļࡣ 
˾պȻ˶¥һ䷿ڣڷ˲鼮󲿷С˵ʮ˾պȻ˵䷿ҵģ˯ҵͷϢ㵽ԡϴɣָָڵԡң˾պȻ¹ȡ·滻 
ԡҺ󣬿һԸͬʱʹõİԡףѹ·úõãȴ¡ 
˾պȻʰ׼ͷҹͻȻһЩ£߳䣬ԼʮӺ߻طڣϻһЩԡҵͻȻ򿪣˾պȻһʱĿڴΪǰһòŮӣеӶݡ󳤽ġ˾պȻ˵˭ 
˵Ƿ㲻ǲǸղЩ 
ʱ˾պȻŮǷǰļǰġСȫˣ˾պȻǰϵĶø˵ղſôãӦ˫ۻֺףñϻһЩ 
ʱôûһʱд˾պȻ˾պȻֻ˲ٴ࣬ٿޡ 
˵İطе£ղȥЩط𣿡 
˾պȻһ˵ðɣǣ˯ڴϣ˾պȻ˯ڵذ塣 
˾պȻܾδ˯ǷһλԣڴϣĻζľǷһ̣Ȼ·е鷿ŽܽӴĸо֪֪֮Լ䲻롰༫Զ˼²ൽ˯ 
˾պȻźĴ˯ķ龰ʱ˲˾պȻò˼㽫Ŀƿ 
㲻˼˵糿𴲵ԡϴ 
˾պȻҹ·մˮȡ·𴲵ԡϴ 
˾պȻ˷ϴ߳ԡʱ˱£һ˿ʱ˾պȻͻȻţ˶ʱŶԷԼӣ֮󷮱ŴСѽһֻҪλ˾պȻŶ˳Źϡ 
˾պȻʱԺֻгķ縡ͻԭΪǱȽϷһ͵ģǸղزŮϸƨԲΣŮ 
ֱļһģѹͷһ裬˾պȻ˵վڷôղ˴У 
˾պȻ˵ûУûУֻٿ뷿跢ַķޡ 
˾պȻ뷿󣬷ѴTһţп㣬ղ˾պȻ˵ټϸղε龰˶Ĭε£˾պȻǻ˵ԲҲǹģЩƷɣӦÿɰڸ˫۵ĺףҽ黯ʺ㣡һ佻 
Ȼţûκαʾ˾պȻ״˵ǲЩ㣬ЩƷǰſ⣡ 
˵Ҳ˼ 
˾պȻ˵ǲôѣ˵һ߿԰㡣 
˵֪֪ΪôС󣿡 
˾պȻ˼˵Ϊ㻯һͿԲҲĵģ 
˵֪֪ôԭ򣿡˾պȻҡͷʾ֪˵ΪɫäֲɫԣŵõС 
˾պȻһ˵ڰ㻯ٺѵԺͿɾС 
˵ǲģ 
˾պȻ˵Ȼģ 
˾պȻ㿪ʼΪ񻯻깤ַʹǰˣڵķһƷǰӵ 
˵𣿡 
˾պȻ˵ˣԼ 
˵ҶֲɫΪôô໯ƷͶû 
˾պȻ˵ѧ߻Щߣ 
ɫһ䣬ŵ˵˵ô 
˾պȻ֪˱˵ЩЩƷȻù˻õģԷġ 
Ŷ˵֪滹Ǽ٣Ҷ֪ΪסլҪЩҵ 
˾պȻ֪Ĺ˼ɣǱ֪ͣҵ˾պȻļ⣬İְʱٴµزͶʵõĻرûнż⣬İְָҪ˾պȻѧϰҪӵ𣬵ûǿм⣬һڴѧҵš 
˾պȻ˵һףͿʼѵ 
˵ѵ 
˾պȻ˵֪߱ 
˾պȻͷһͬʱ˾պȻڷЦ˵Ҷ֪ңŻzzԭڲһƯ 
˾պȻ˵ͨ죬һθדƯ˾պȻܷʶҹ´˵һ顣 
˾պȻŷ˵Сұ񡱣δͣùͲųŰɣ 
ʱ˾պȻд񣬶˾պȻͱһԣùͺ˾պȻͷŻ׼뿪ǰ˾պȻ軹Ը˾պȻҪЩؼҡ 
˾պȻ˵Ȼᣡһ˵һߴ˽ҳ 
˾պȻڼݳʱ򷮱˵Բҡûκαʾܿ㵽˷ᣬ˾պȻҪỻһЩɫ·Ϊʱ·² 
񻻺·˾պȻٻ˾Ϊѡ·Ʒ˾պȻҪȫµ¿㡣 
²ʱǸɹҶͺӱʫӱʫ˾պȻͷǴкӱʫԵķе죬ּǲ˭˾պȻ˵Ůǽܣ 
˾պȻ˵ŮѣģҲʶӱʫΪϲ˾պȻ˵Ƿ񣡡ӱʫʮǰСǰŮ 
Ҷӱʫŷ̸һֺһͬ²ѡ¿㣬˾պȻʮַ㣬ֻȺڼȤ˾պȻ˵ϰŮѹӶõȤ 
˾պȻ˵Ůѣ 
˵Ů׷Ůѵķ 
Сʱ˲ض飬Լһͬš 
һ緹ŷ֣˾պȻطļʼļɣ˾պȻΪעɫ˾պȻӲҪԹȥ 
𷮱չһҳΪװˣȻٿ˵˾պȻΪԴ﷮װڴѧ֪˲٣Ů꼶ѧ㣩˾պȻæҪʡõ˾ժǡĻţ½ٷݸ֣òζ 
Լº󣬷յļɣ˾պȻļѧϰ껯˾պȻᣬ˾պȻ˵㲻ѧյɣѽ֪ȫ㣡 
ȻЩʧʧȥЩôûлشֻʧ˾պȻ׼͸ļ̲סһǣ˾պȻͻȻľٶŴˣһ³ֱᡣ 
ļ죬İ·˾պȻԼͻյĵ绰ʾյĻϺ˾պȻô£ 
˵ôң˵__ߡ 
˾պȻһ雸ô񣬸˵֪õĻȦƣ͸˵ҾδԹǣҾѡЩջһѾõģָʾȥǵط˾պȻһ֪ˡ 
˾պȻ͵һɫõ壬ٻ˾׼ѡΪǸ֮ãʼҲʵģ²ʱһȫ˿ʵİɫ¼Сڿ㣬Ȼ˼ڵԱ±ȫ˿ʵ£һ϶дװֱǸѡ 
˾պȻ׼׵̵ԼСʱ󷮱Ż˾պȻǰõ͸ºᣬ˲÷˵Щô˼ 
˾պȻ˵ǵǸҾٻ˾ãԱ͸㣡˵תȥȻ֪Լϲ˷񣬵֪ԼȷԺʱķϳģⷮͼֻȥ 
ںסСɣϵҪȥ 
˾պȻ˵ô 
˵ҵգԼѺһͬգԣȥ 
˾պȻ֪ǳ£һڴӦ˱㵽ٻ˾ѡ˾պȻΪѡһ黨ĵȹڷʱԳִ˹ġ 
˾պȻûҷֱ˾պȻİְֺȥ˴߶ҪһŻؼң㽫ӹҲ˼٣ֵһڼңʱһ黨ĵȹվ⣬˾պȻ˵㲻Լ𣿡 
˵ѽڻʱ䣬Ҫһ뷿 
˾պȻΪ񻯻Ϻ󣬷˵С˾պȻһߡ 
˾պȻһ߸ŷһ˵㲻ԼҸô 
˵ǲǺѹ𣿡 
˾պȻ˵Ϊôң 
˵ûѣ˾պȻһͷˮߵ˵ѡ 
˾պȻ˵ôѣ㲻Ҫ˵Цҵòĵأ 
˵ֻֻ֪ϲİҲǳ 
˾պȻӦӣĴϣ˾պȻȻֹס˾պȻľְͷĿãǺȻ˱Էͷ˾պȻ뿪סֻҺ졢촽ţᴭһһ飬˫۰[ʧĿס 
˵𣿡 
˾պȻ˵⣡ 
˵㲻ҹգ 
˾պȻ˵һȣºСٺº˱ǣȥ֡ 
˾պȻͷʼһεԼᣬеϷԺʱ񿴼һ뿴ĵӰҪ˾պȻ׵Ӱ 
볡ʱѾڲŹ棬ϷԺúڣ¥ʱСļҺ˾պȻʱںס鼱֮ʾȻס鷿֮ͼ֣Ƿͨ죬ΪǴŮûиز˾պȻɧ١ 
º󶼿ⲻղǼôΣǱĬĬԣ춵ȵӳȫע͵Ӱвĳ档 
񿴼ĻԺղ˾պȻ鷿龰ЩߵЩ˷ܣʱ˾պȻ˵뿪ˮסY𣿡 
˾պȻסĻֹȥñYʳʱֻоڷ鷿ϣʱȫĸо׽֡˾պȻΪⷮƿס֣סƷŻԼ鷿ϣϸ˵Сǵڶˣ׽㣬񡣡˵ͷ˾պȻļϣ˾պȻ΢΢ʹѹ鷿ϡ 
˾պȻϲʤѷ鷿סһһŪţ÷ǰ飬ֱ֣ͦԶлôá 
˾պȻţҲŵҲסһ鷿˾պȻû⣬ż˫鷿˾պȻӷأȹ˽ȥֱӁһ鷿 
˾պȻֱӴ鷿ʱ־ϲָɅŪͷ˷ܵŤֱۡ 
˾պȻ˻һֻ뷮ȹڣڿ㸧壬Ѿ˷ܵͣŤ壬ָڿıԵȥֱӸĿУʼڡ 
˾պȻָڷܸŪʹ̲ס˳ֱӲŪʱ̲סҪ˾պȻþ׷סӣȻǻ˱Էͷ 
˾պȻĦ˼ͷĸоȫķڲϵֳʱ򷮱һĸо˾պȻѾʪ͸ȫķڣߵòϸϸڷ˵ϢһɣǷ˾պȻĻ˯ˡ 
֮˾պȻŪѻеķſʱӰѲӳϣϷԺʱ˵׵ӰҶ֪ô 
˾պȻ˵˯ôã֪ôأ 
˵ŪҡŻ˯šҲҪҳͣ 
˾պȻһ߼ţΪһյ⣬ʱЦ˵㻹δҡ 
˾պȻ˵һʱˡ 
˵ҽͻȻ㣬Ҷ֪ûҺ㿪Цɣ 
˾պȻ˵ǣҽڼС 
Ц˵㲻ƭҡ 
˾պȻ˵ģ㲻űһؼȡɣ 
˾պȻŷ־ͽߣʿȥ˾պȻУһҲûУ˾պȻӹͰȡһн˸˵͸˵ģת͸ҡ 
˾պȻ˵ۿ֪滹Ǽ١ 
ۿ󿴼һɵĴһССƣСտ֡²˾պȻȻΪ׼ĵÿһϲ⻹еһ͸ĵһ 
˾պȻ״Ūæңһİ󣬷Ųٿޣ˵Ҵϰɣ 
ڴȣ˾պȻ͹ڵΪؽǸλÿȥպÿȹڵĴ⣬ǰϷСϡ 
ľֹ˵Сô˾պȻһ˵˼ 
˵ҹˣһɣһǡ 
гʱͻȻ˾պȻӺסŹϣ˾պȻɷ˵ǡ 
˵Ҫ 
˾պȻһֽ˫׽ţ׼ȷĴϣѹϡ 
ššǣ˵Uӡҡߡ 
˾պȻȴĽһĴһֻ־ϣȴͷȹΪѣԥ䣬ľ 
˾պȻǵϢңڷƨţرרηϣѹҡ֦һ˫鷿ĥǰɧĸоɢȫСѨˮǾ̰ 
˾պȻϷſ죬ؿ鲻ֽͣȹڣҪٽһʱĽƿ˵UҪˣſң˾պȻŷ񣬷Ҳ˾պȻеͰϰ¡ 
˾ӵĳĬ󣬷˾պȻƿû뿪ͼߵߣߵ˾պȻ̽Ժĳ⿪һ㷢ɢһ˫ϣֵŪһᣬٽϵĵȹɢڵϡ 
ʱֻʣһ¿㣬¿˾պȻ͵ģ˾պȻСڿʪһƬϡϡëֳϴñ壬ú۹˾պȻ 
˾պȻߵŷıʱߵ˵UҪ˼ҡ˼δԹʾǴŮ 
˾պȻͻȻ˫ָűץס˷һ˫鷿Ǹеͷġ 
ۣ⵽ͻȻϮķһ벦˾պȻ֣˳ѹס쳤ͬС졣 
ԭȷ˫ֵסؿڣ˾պȻֿͬʱ£ɵֹֿסľְͷĿá 
˾պȻ÷ͷӲ˾պȻ뿪죬סֻҺ졢촽ţᴭһһ飬˫۰[ʧĿס 
˾պȻظ鷿һ⿪֣ʱѵ㣬ס˫˵Ҫ˾պȻûܿͽֽ⿪¶һԺ飡 
˾պȻֻһ˫鷿ͦû׹ӣͷѪֳ޵ӣ죬ʮѩǶӣһ˫ɵ㶡 
㡭סؿڲ˾պȻץסһ֣ʹٴα¶ǰſһںͷ˱ 
˾պȻﴫĸоǺû΢΢źҺζӵŵһţ̵ζеζʮˡ 
һ˾պȻͷ˱ÿ˱ҧһ£ֻʹһ£ӱ߳ 
˾պȻʼ򷮱һӾڿϣʵǵط˶һ£˫һ쵽ֱֱеýġ 
УǱ߲аƿ˾պȻ 
Ҫ˾պȻסüͷͬǼⶼŵ㺹飬ּ˫żеø˵Ҫ 
˾պȻֳ˵ǲǲϲң 
˫ֱ¶ؿڣҿС˵ôҡѽ 
˾պȻ§ŷḧǳͷ˵ô¸㣬ʵҲǵһΰ 
Ц˵㻹ǴС 
˾պȻҾ뽫һ͸㡣 
˾պȻԼҲ̲סЦЦǰͺ󵹵ģ˵˭ҪĵһΣ 
˾պȻٴѹ˵벻ҪҲУһס졣ηûеֿҵı˾պȻһߺսһָǶԺ顣½һְڿϣ˳ 
˾պȻѾʪ͸ȡЦΪôôʪģĪ㡭ˣ 
һȭ˵С 
˾պȻһ֮£Ľǰһ£˫סıָ򷮱мȥһ꣬ǱͻȻһˮӿвôģͬʱзһ 
˾պȻ͸ڿ·ûԹĴ̼˾պȻͷŤĶʧ˿Ƶס 
ķڲϵӿڿ㶼ʪ͸˾պȻ˫סڿ࣬һȴ൱ϣ̧Σ׵ذڿȥͬʱܿԼ· 
˾պȻƽڴӵǣȻϥͷſĴȣĴ͸պöסڣʱ־ϲһԽζһֲʧȻؼн˫ţ˾պȻ֪⣬ľĶ飬ĶһַڷḧˣĹȫˮֱûٴγſĴȣ˳ƽĴխ׳Ĵʱֱ˺ѵĸоҷʵ̫խʹԻ 
˵ʹҪ 
˾պȻ֪ǱŮĤֹǰȥ·ͣסһס˫Ҳٷˣ˾պȻŪʹҲҶ 
˾պȻֹ࿪ʼе˷ܣŤŤض˵ҡ 
˾պȻʷ񣺡ôʹ𣿡 
˵ҡе 
ô˾պȻʾס 
㡭ٴ󡭡㡭˵꣬ߵֶסԼ 
˾պȻȻ漴ͷסͷʹУŷķʱͻʶƨʹس壬ʹĸоʧһжٿУӿٶͬʱø룬ÿĴסӹʱͻ˷ܵȫ 
˾պȻԽֿ嵽룬еˮּȥ죬˫ʹԼͷеСҺϲมมҪͣ 
ͻȻһ˾պȻһȵˮӿ_ͷһ顣 
ȴﵽ߳߳ڼ䲻Ť壬˫ֽץдааСаҡҲˡСͣ鴤˾պȻҲֲסϵؼٳ壬֪ͿҪ侫 
Ȼ֪˾պȻ侫Ѿ˷ܿƲԼڵ⽫˾պȻĴеýģ˫ż˳˾պȻڷҺľҺ䵽ӹʱ߳ſҧסĲͷ 
˾պȻʱߺʹ涼Ѫ֪ЩԼĴŮѪ벻׵˾պȻ׳٣ʱ򷮱еľҺﵹ˾պȻŷŷ㣬˵Ұ㣡




    17ԡ 

Լϸ񻬵Ĵڲֻ壬ȫǾҺ͵֭ĺۼ˾պȻͺԵõĳҹ˾պȻͷڴϣĬĬԡ 
Ƿ̲סһֻ׻ķȭ˾պȻĽʵϣ˵С˵ң˼ǿˣ 
˾պȻ񲢲ǱĽ˵һʱ̲סұ֤ԺҲٷһ˵һ߸ûƿ֣͡ 
˵´Σϵġ桭ǿ𣿡˾պȻΪڱɫ̸һƬ׵̺죬Ľ㣬ߣϸĴǰλɫ޼ˣǧľɫ̺һ˿ҡ֬ѩϸ@ĳ壬ǶԱͦߣ㵭˱ǶԭʼٴΰͷָŷСѨ 
˵ôû˵촽ѱ˾պȻ촽šһԷĿУеֱ죬˾պȻͷؽǻҶʵ̽ȡеۡǼ꣬˾պȻԽԽңɳƵԽ˾պȻ 
˾պȻŷʵҸ£Ƶ鷿ʱͻȻزѷſһƬ㯣ߵͨ죬˾պȻ˵С񣬶Բʵ̫ˡе 
ҡҡͷȴûпһ˫ż̵ֻǽסȻԴҡ˾պȻĴ 
˾պȻȻܣ򷮱ȥգһǧһɫʹæͷӡ˫һǱʾ˽˵ĹϵεزøΪܡӵǵ÷츲֮ʣ˾պȻֽƿ˵ҲˣϢһᣬȥϴ裡˵ͼԡҡ 
˾պȻ˵ĪԡҺҲˮں£˾պȻTϣεߵԡſ͵˾պȻڸôԡſڿ˾պȻԡף˲˾պȻҲɫľҺͷʼϴ 
룺ΪôҪԼ͵͵ߵ˾պȻһ 
ߵ˾պȻʱ˾պȻͻȻת˱ԡףͷǿŪĻʪ͸TµͷСѨ֡ 
˵С㿴ȫҲʪˣ 
˾պȻָָԡһŴ˵Ҽ㾲ߵҺ棬뵽һԲ𡣡 
ԡף˾պȻӺס˵Ұ㣬㲻Ҫ뿪ҡ 
˵ţС׽Ƿǿ𣿡 
˾պȻһ˵ſ˵ǣǣ㲻Ҫ 
˵ԺҲ֪Ҫٴ˵ʹڸ߽һ£ȻһЦҼôϿңС׼һԡɣת˾պȻϽTҲֻ鷿СѨ뵽ôطҲԣſ˫ͣ˾պȻǴĿ㽿˵㻹㻹кܶᣡ 
˱㻥˫Էϴ˾պȻڷ֮Ửĸоӳͷʪ㷢ǶԱͦ׹ѩ飬ϸ⻬֬ıɢŮ㡣˾պȻĴȻ׵еߵִ˷ܣʹȣСѨȻؿʼ˿˿ˮ 
˾պȻͷ˫˫ԡܰĦԡ춷˾պȻϣе˾պȻĴƨϣʹ˷ܣ˾պȻ͸еʮá 
˾պȻ˫ŷĶϣܵͻȻ֮Ĵ̼˾պȻԶãֻ˵ô 
˾պȻ˵᲻뿪뱧һᣡҰ㣡 
˵˵˶ٴΰң 
˾պȻ˵Ҳǲ𣬵ֻ֪Һ뿪ң 
һʱĽ㣬˵Ҹѵùߣ 
˾պȻ˵Ҳ˵ڣԺ£ 
ߵ˵ҲѾŮԺҪı֡ 
˾պȻ˵ô֣ 
ߵûлش˫ۣ˾պȻ²Ĵ𰸣ϷСףƿûãͺ˾պȻ˾պȻҲûзԣ㽫ڷϵ֣زȻŪŶ˾պȻƿ˵Ҳ㿴˵תӷ˾պȻϣһ˫׻鷿˾պȻϡ 
˾պȻû˵һѷסȥ˵ҪСס֡ 
˾պȻǿסִ֣ӷҸ£Ϊƿ׵쵽鷿ϣ鷿һֻ־ƨϣָСѨ棬ʱ˫ȼнָǰ˫ȷɣ˾պȻָԾ򷮱СѨΪΪ˾պȻַСѨѿʼֻ˵มšСҪš 
˾պȻλһתɷ¶˾պȻ棬˵มššСšҲ׼š֮һת 
Ȼ˵ûԵĵ˾պȻŻԲѩ׵ƨɣǰнذڶлһ˾պȻѹڷϣ˾պȻµĴѽڷƨϡ 
ͷһ˵ʲôСҪǿҡ 
˾պȻû˫ִҸ˽ȥһ˫ֱ׵ؽǰһ˫鷿סҰ˫ͬʱһ飬ʱͷ̷ͷֻځѡ 
˾պȻŷȥһֱСѨϣ˾պȻСѨһ˱ƣ٣÷ſڰ͹Сסʱˬ˵มСššҪมšҪš 
ŪӣܲסеСС˵һһˮСѨ 
˾պȻ龰ͣǰţ˵ղ 
˵˺û˼ڻ 
˾պȻŷ˵ŪʹҺú𣿡 
еҲҪû˵꣬Сѱ˾պȻס 
ֳʱ뽫˾պȻƿ˾պȻ˫ֱɱ˾պȻ˾պȻˣʼһǷ񴿰׵ĲӣһѾĴȣСѨٴαѾ˾պȻףСѨˮһ˾պȻʼ鷿˵Сม㡭šš 
һӣʱӦѾʪˣȻ˾պȻʱ׾˷˵СﲻҪม 
Ȼ˵Ҫȴûз˾պȻһ֮󣬰ƣ𷮱ѾĳֵСѨһһ˫ڸԼ鷿ֻܷมšš 
˾պȻĴѾֱͦͦţķ£ֱָŷСѨ׼룬ڴʱָ˵ԣС㲻ҪǿңһָԼСѨϣ˾պȻΪ 
˾պȻ˵Сĺϲ㣡 
һۣ˵СҲ֪ǷǰǷģ㣬ֻףܷŽȥร񾹿Ҫ˾պȻο˾պȻͷҲСѨϵƿʪСѨȫչ˾պȻǰ˾պȻһȼƴţֿʼطҲʼӭŰڶมšš춶 
˾պȻһӺ̧ͷʼְĦŷŻİָСѨȥ񳤽һ˾պȻʼسָȻӭŰڶ 
˾պȻʱһֳŷѨŷŷĴ鷿˾պȻĴڷȱĥ䣬뷮Ѩ֣۾һһ߰ڶȥӭ˾պȻĶһ˾պȻְγϾǷˮʱ˾պȻһ·񣬹ӣȻ˫ַŷȣѾ׼ķѨͻȻ˵ҪԡมҪ 
˾պȻ˵ϲ㡭˵ͷ 
ͷԱһ˵УҪ 
˵꣬˾պȻ촽ѾѹסС죬촽ͷ˫䲻ͣţ춷촽˾պȻͷĿǻڡ˱ǽҲʱİ쵽˾պȻĿУҵ˱̇˴˵Ŀˮ𽥸ţ˫ֽ˾պȻͷһŤ 
˾պȻƨǰһصĴû˷Ѩţ˫˾պȻ󣬱˾պȻѹţ˵šСߡߡҪǿ顭ҡߡҪҪ 
𽥻ͣסƨԶǰһͦĴȫûߵĻ˵СมЩšǿҡšม 
˾պȻĴȫ˷Ѩȡ֮Ƿ˾պȻȥ֮󣬿ʼǰŷѨŲû£鷮˫ֱȵˮĽȻйˡ 
˾պȻһֽŷ鷿һ̧𷮱ҽţһ±һµزŵķѨˣϵĴС³ 
ҡҡҡ桭СС 
нķԼӺ˾պȻγĴѷ񷭹ſţŷ覵üȻһŷ鷿ſڷϣԼ˫Űѷ˫ųſȻӺ˷Ѩηûมšมš 
˾պȻţÿβѨͣİڶβ˾պȻ˾պȻͷŷɰƨɣԼĴѨнһɹɵˮĴ 
˾պȻضԷ˵С治 
ûͷ˵šҡมС㡭 
ԼӺ˾պȻӿٶ˵С񡭡ĺϲ㡭㡭òá 
Ҳʶ˾պȻҪ侫ˣ˵СҡҪˡСҡˡˡԼܲˣϾ˸߳ˮѨڡ 
˾պȻֻ΢飬֪ﱬıԵæƿ񣬸æѴѨϲһȴѰ̲סһҺѼһһͣ 
춷պתŪ÷鹵СȣҺȻ类顱ͷңҺһʱһ룬۾סġ 
˾պȻ˵Բ𡣡 
˾պȻæΪϵľҺԽĨԽȥֽ˵ң 
ָϵľҺĨȥϱ˾պȻľҺʱԺкȻһͷһҺζǣϵľҺʱζһ㣬һ󣬷ζռľҺһβ©Ǭ 
˾պȻǰƽʱһ˹Ĵ󷽵ŮȴһŮߵ 
ʱ˾պȻԼղŵ̬Ϊ˾պȻҪһŮ˫ֱסһֱۣͷϣ˵㲻ҪһˣҵĵһΡ 
˾պȻ˵֪ǰС񣬻ڵСһ㣬ϣӦһ£ 
˵ҪҴӦôǲǲҪǰЩЩʵ˵ղǬҺ£ݡ 
˾պȻ˵ǣҶ۱Ҳ㡣 
˵ҪҴӦôӦҿ㱣ֻ֤ŻᡭŻᡭ˵󼸲š 
˾պȻ˵ܼ򵥵ģֻ㲻ҪС 
˵ҲӦ㡣 
˾պȻ˵Ϊô 
˵ΪѾϲ찮ʱ㡣 
˾պȻ˵Һ׸ǻˡ 
˵ôôƽʱԽ㡭㡭ǣ 
˾պȻ˵Ϊôǣ 
ߵ˵Ϊ˽˾ժǣԽǲʮֺ𣿵ǣҲҪӦһܲҪС 
˾պȻ˵ô 
˵ֻҵ˾ժǣ 
˾պȻ˵Ϊô 
˵ΪҪȫӵ㣬׼ӽŮлɳŮѡ 
˾պȻ˵ȫû⡣ 
˵û⣬㣬Ҫʵش𣡡 
˾պȻ˵ô⣿ 
˵ΪôϴǰԼ£ 
˾պȻ˵Ϊٺ찮ʹԼ 
˵˵ùôΪôЩϣ 
˾պȻ˵ΪطһγպϣСԭҰɣ 
һ˵Ҳ㣬Ӧңѱ˽лҪĻ˵һǰӲ 
һŪһ˵ⶫŪȥҪúõسͷ 
˾պȻ򷮱ҪУѸš 
Ϊ˾պȻδ࣬ϲЩҺζζ÷뾫Һζʵִ̼ܲȻԾؽ˾պȻĴУľٶС죬Ậס˴ͷŪţһָŪңһŪͣһһµ˾պȻ泩ޱȣٶӲ 
˾պȻһŪ̲סָ񱳣ٴҸ´Ӻִ෮鷿ͷǵû˾պȻΪΪ˷һ˱ĴһĴʵִ̫Ϣ 
ף˾պȻһС˫ִķ񣬺Ȼ֮ͻͷʹһӽϵ׶˾պȻһͦס͡ˡڣʱ˾պȻͷھͷſɣСȻŹͷԽࡱһ¶ȥ 
˾պȻ㣬˵UŶСãҺɵד³ȥֽС졣 
˵С˼ΣôࡣҵģЩҺ 
˾պȻ˵СãҰ㣡Сȥ 
ǴԡΧԡʱǸСʱ˾պȻʱŮŵʱ䲻Զ򷮱˵ҹˣҲᡭ 
һҴҵĴ¿㣬˾պȻĪ˵Сô£ 
˵㲻ңұԼȥᣡ 
˾պȻʱףǰӵŰķ˵˭Ҫ᣿ҹȥ 
˵СΪô 
˾պȻ˵ôʱ䣬ǻȥط档˵ڿͷҷϢ 
װ˵Ȼķ 
˾պȻ㿪ʼʰ˵˯ɣȥͷ˯ 
뿪ʱͣһе£𣿡 
˾պȻ˵ðɣֽڵذϡ 
˵ָô 
˾պȻ˵˯˯ذ塣 
ߵ˵Ҫһ˯𣿡˵ϴ¸ϱ 
ʱ˾պȻٴҲײҲϴ뱻ŷ񣬷˵ſһ°ɣ˾պȻſڱѹ¿㣬ת˾պȻ˵ˣСɧҡ 
˾պȻôӣֱڷĴߣ˼ΣԲûж˵һΪ˾ӣ˭֪С 
˾պȻ˵ңԹƺš 
˵Сû˵ȥΪ˵صһֱϢ˲ŷֿ 
˵ˣ˯ɣ 
˾պȻ˵컹𣿡 
˵Ҳ֪˾պȻĻУжζʹҡ˱ӵ˯ 
һⲫս𴲵ʱѲ磬ϴ׼ʱ˾պȻͻȻӺŷ񣬲Ҹ·Ūһ˫鷿ֻ˵С۸ң˵ת˫Ȧ˾պȻľ 
˾պȻһǧͷ˫Χӣͷ£Сͷ㼴һ 
ʱǾ͸Ͽֿ˾պȻź󣬲֪˫׻Ȼٵ˾պȻļң˾պȻİְֺ֪ʮϲһͲԼӣ˾պȻɫΣ˵ǰ˵۸㣬㲻£˵ҰƤ˾պȻİְٲһ˵ҲĹǣ 
˵ǣֻɣ 
˾պȻ˵ðɣ۸㣬һҪ˵һ㡣˾պȻİְֺ˾պȻ˾պȻͷ뿪 
Ǽݳ뿪˾պȻ˵ҾͿҪ¶ 
˵Ϊô 
˾պȻ˵Ұְֻ㣬ȥźܱ㱻Ǹߡ 
˵֪ͺˣԺ󻹸Ҳ۸ңൽʱıߣҾʹ㡣 
˾պȻ˵ǵĻҾϣЩҡ 
˵Ϊô 
˾պȻ˵ΪҿԾ㣡 
˵СǱ㿪ʼг̡ 
˾պȻĺͷ³Ϊ£¼ܴӰ죬Ϊ˾պȻݾ׷ŮܶҲ̾߱ԣԴ֮ܶһЩԺŮĶ׷ϣ׷ҵһλصŮ




18Э 

ԴҶͺӱʫĹϵͺõ˽һԭൣҶͺӱʫгͻûг֣ҶͺӱʫڵĹϵͺһһۡ 
ཫĵ絥һ˵гǷһᣬʵǷҶͺӱʫǵ˽˾ 
ܵҶͺӱʫıǵϰߣҶͺӱʫãҶͺӱʫԴӦеǺܶʱֻ¡ԡֻΧһԡգǰȥ찮ȻѺҶӱʫû۵ĽӴջʵоѧҵϣҶͺӱʫȰ˵Ҳô㣬ҶͺӱʫĻظͬ˵ֲûпĶģЦá 
ֻýʵ뵽ı淨ҪڴѧͼϰŷᣬԺܶʱʱѾ 
ʱҶͺӱʫû⣬ǷܶʱŷᣬҺƣ۵ӣԣҶͺӱʫʼ»Ǹһʱ󣬶ֻڴѧͼϰûκʵ׷˺£ֲ֪˵຦˵ƭǡ 
Ҷͺӱʫ㻳ʧȥȤǵ֮ʣҶͻȻϵѧԬţԬŲʮֱµ˶һɧڹĸоͬѧе֪˼뿪ţϵ¼ʮˣҶ֮ΪϣԬſ԰֪̽ڡ 
ĳյ¿κҶͺӱʫԼԬŵѧĲǱ㽫֪Ԭ˵ҪæʱҶͺӱʫΪԬŻܾԬžһڴӦ 
Ԭ˵ȷǳ⣬ϵҾ֪ƺϡ 
Ҷ˵ô⣿ 
Ԭ˵ֲ²ϵҼ뵽淨ȥǷᣡ 
ӱʫ˵ô淨 
Ԭ˵ǹ˵֪һᡣ 
ͻȻӱʫ˵淨ƺеǸ 
Ҷ˵Ҿû⡣ 
Ԭ˵ҲãҲûʧֿ֪ǵĳ⣬ϵǧҪ֪ 
ӱʫε˵ֻþɣһЩϸں뿪 
ֱһڴѧͼϰϼݳʱڴѧУűһŮţһ۱ϳԬţԬű˵㲻ǿ𣿿أ 
˵ѷᡣ 
Ԭʧ˵ôѽسΪڳڣԳ˳糵˰ɣټ 
̼Ԭһˣľĵطֲ֪ô£˵ʱٳ⣬ؼҰɣ 
Ԭű㻶ϲϳ˵л㣡 
ԼСʱĳ̣춵ԬŵļţԬ³ʱһС˵ڵϣ״ǰ˵û𣿡 
Ԭ˵ҺŤ˽ţûˣԷ𣿡 
ԬڣúԬźԬ˵ٰһΣҷȡЩҩ𣿡 
˵Ԭűָʾҩڣķ˲һӲҵ 
ߵʱʱĿڴΪԬʱֻʣһװɫ˿¿㣬ӳԭϸ@ĸԸУҩȥԬ˵ٰҷҩߺ𣿡 
ֻٶԬŷҩʱԬ˵ߵôôӦòûпŮ¡ 
ε˵ǣֻɣ 
Ԭ˵һº֪㣬֪ɲԽأ쵽Ĵϣ˵ЩʰɣҸʱᡣ 
ԬŰȥ˵ô׷λŮֵǾȻôǲй֮־̽ϣԬеһӲĶ 
ƿԬż˵áġȥ׷ǣûʹ𣿡˵ſڡ 
ԬŽס˵áġȥ׷ǣҼ㾭ܿǣǲ»أ 
˵ǣǣֻǡʱܿǣ㲻Ҫǰ 
Ԭ˵Ҳ˵ϵַԭǲٵġ 
˵㲻ңֻԿӱʫȤʱͻȻʶס 
ͷһʱԡ߳Ҷͺӱʫӱʫ˵Уֻ֪ΪôܿǣΪ»ǣԣ취̽㣬ô˵ҺͿᾡ㡣 
֪һƭ֣ԼϷŪ˰˵ұϷŪ˰֪ô£ã˵֪ʵǰѽͿ᲻Ҫô㣬û˵ֻͼϰ֮ΪҲɼã޷úչλˡ˵š 
ҶͺӱʫҲûпһҲֻÿ뿪Ԭżһ˵ƺ˻ǿЩͰɣ 
ҶͺӱʫʹҴҵĸϻᣬδڴһֱδҶͺӱʫҴϴشѧϣͣٴʧҲûлشѧϿΣ¿κҶͺӱʫ˺ܶ෽Ҳ绰µѺͼҲûϢ 
δϢʹҶͺӱʫҲ״ĵĳǷ˰⣬ǵĵ״ܿ⿪ˣΪһϣᣬҶͺӱʫطϢȻ˵ǻңЩóɣҶͺӱʫûлش˵ҶΪǵĽҲŷùȴΪ»ϵдҴڡڡҶ֪Ԭ˵һУҽҲ˵ڴϢ 
һᣬ뿪Ҷͺӱʫ춴ϣ˵ϹԺҲ㣡 
ȴûзӦӱʫһ˵԰ɣԺôҲҪҵ˵Ҫᣬ𣿡 
ǵ˵ʵҲдҲӦ˵һУξȥɣŪ˭ң 
Ҷͺӱʫب󣬺ӱʫ˵ǿġ 
Ҷ˵ģӱʫҲדɵġ 
ӱʫ˵зԹ 
˵ԭҪúóͷǡ 
Ҷ˵㲻˵ȥ𣿡 
˵˵ȥ 
Ҷͺӱʫ˵˱ַ˵Tڣȥǵ鷿Ҷͺӱʫͬ˵ϹǲҪôؿ𣿡ͼŭȫܷȷŭȥŶڵΪҶͺӱʫʱֻǵTСڿ㣬ټ˫ִĸо̲ص 
˵ͷƨɰɣ˭ܷ 
Ҷͺӱʫ˶Ĭûбʾ״˵ǾʫʫȰɣԹԷڴϸҴƨɣӱʫֻ÷ڴϣƨ׼ܳͷӱʫ˵Ҫô𣿡 
Ϳʼںӱʫƨϡž£ƨеԣȻ 
˵ʹ𣿡 
ӱʫ˵Щʹ 
˵Ұɣ㿪ʼڿ㸧ƨɣʱֻںӱʫƨǻָӱʫСѨϣڿŪСѨŪúӱʫȻһ˳࿪ʼҺƨӭָ 
˵ںһЩ𣿡 
ӱʫ죬˵һЩ֣ӱʫʱһֿĸоڴϿ 
˵ҷ˿ٰɣ֮תҶ˵ڵˣЩڿڴϸҴƨɣ 
Ҷ˵ΪôֻҪڿ㣬ʫʫͲѣ 
˵ΪңҪֱӴƨɣ 
Ҷ˵Ҳܷ߳⣬ֿ׽ҶTҶķT˺¶ѩ׵ 
״˵Ȼֻһط 
ҶTѱ˺ǬTȫ˺ƣҶڴߣϽֺڿҲѵ 
ҶԲĹĵƨ¶ǰſڴߣƨɼǸҲԼԼԿë͸˵ˣɼðһСĴҲѿƣžžžƨĴš־ְ׵ƨϴţʹĴ͵÷ʹ 
Ҷ˵ˣͷſң 
˵ûô򵥣ʫʫҰӱʫԹԵİҶϸ˵Һһͬϣ췣꣬Ҳδ٣Ҷͷʾ⡣ 
˵󣬻ͷһѾٶѸ⣬µĴһһƽҶҶ˵ô 
˵ȻǼ㣡˵ĴѽҶСѨϣĥСѨڣʱҶȷе㾪ţܲסġͷƨĴΡͷСѨˮȱ̰Ĵϡ 
ʧͰҶƨɣСѨմЩˮ׼ҶСѨһ콫֧ȫСѨڣҶܵͻͻϮ㽿˵ŰϹǲң 
ĵ˵Ĳأ㿪ʼ̡̡Ҷ㷢ȫɢʹ˷ܣָҶҸ´˫׽Ҷ鷿ŪţʱŪͷʹҶǽ˵šŰҪҪšźߡźߡ 
侫ĳ嶯Ҷ˵ͣ˵ôҾͲɣ˵㽫ĴҶСѨ 
ĴÿһЩʱҶƨɱ㵹һЩҪĴ뿪Ǻѹֻ÷ֽߵ˵ϹЩƨɣЩ򡭡Щ򡭡 
˵˵ҪҴ򣡡Ҷƨϡ 
ʱҶСѨֹҪĴֹֻ˵áִ򡭡ǡ򡭡ֻһ˵һԼǰҡ壬ô 
˵Ҿٷ𣿡ֿʼҶˮĽˮ˳ŴСѨͣAײҶƨϵġžžʼ䡣 
Ҷ˵ЩҰҪЩֿʼһֵĳ󣬺ܿҶСѨ鴤ˮȱ̰˵һ߳δԻҪͷҶ 
Ҷ͸ͣİڶƨҶСֻܡߺšţиͣҶǰһ˫ڶš 
ӱʫͷɵĳҶҶֱ˽죬ʱҲ̲ס縡ͻĽϣ˵ϹҲҪܷЩң 
Ҷ˵Ϲ˼һδꡭϹ 
ֻӱʫ˵ʫʫδ꣡ûͣسҶʹҶƨɲİڶӭĴδ㲢ӱʫţĶţϸ˵ѹ·ұ𣿡 
ӱʫȥϵTֵ⿪ֵĿӣ˳绬£¶һԷۻ鷿һ˫ʺͷΣ̲סջӱʫ飬ӱʫûзԣ鷿𣬰ͷ͵ľ˵ҡҡ 
Ȼûо㣬һ਺ӱʫͷһźӱʫ񱳣ĻԲƨϣֻǸڿ㸧ĿͷŪСѨӱʫСѨʱˮĴŪֻõЩٵİοӱʫȼյ𲢲ЩΪֻȫʢԣӱʫ׽֣ϽڿҲ£ַСѨϣ˵Щȥ㲻ָһ죬ӱʫѨ֮Уͣĳ鶯ָӱʫֻ 
ʱ˫⣬˫֡ںʹæͣͷλνޣڵĽдʼ䡣 
ӱʫ˵ϹҡҪ㡭ֱӷҡ 
˵סͣǵúӱʫݣ˵Ҳ࣬Ұɣ 
ӱʫûлش㸩ӵҶӱʫһҶͣĴŪţһָָֻȥҶСɵĸţҶܵĴ̼ĽгæţºӱʫָȥһҶΪġʮ£ҶѸȫŤýϾ˸߳ҲˣġҪҡҲˡ 
Ҳ˸ߵ㣬һһɵľҺҶӹֳƳ˼ʮ²ŽʪܵĴСѨҶķڴϡ 
ӱʫĴӲ˵ϹҪ 
˵һ°ɣ˵㽫ӲĴϢҶСôΪţܿغս״̬ٶӲ 
ӱʫ״ڴϣƨ𣬱סѴסСѨڣĥȥ˵ϹҪ񷣿ң 
Ѵӱʫȥ̴׮µشСѨӱʫɵȫӣĴӱʫСѨٶȣ񱻴ֱǿӱʫȴֱǿĿҡͷζ㷢۵鷿ʱޱڿлζţ춶ŶϹϹ˼ҡСѨˡš顭ٲһ㡭Ϲ˼СѨˡҪҲˡˡӱʫɵø߳ 
ӱʫʱˮͣظһ˫鷿űٸɵĽǰζšӱʫɵ÷ҵ 
ӱʫͶ϶ؽţСšϹСתʹ˷ܣһһĴѺӱʫСѨⶼȥ̡ 
ֺܴźӱʫһ˫鷿һ˫鷿еԣ͹Ūһ˫鷿ŵšصͷӱʫеطšͷֻځѡ 
þǳһĶѺӱʫϸֹ߳Ҫ߳ʱͣӱʫŪܲˣԳԵؽţ˼ҡڲǡڸ𡭡Ҫ˼ҡôôҪͣ˼һҪ塭Ū̫飬ƽʱ崿Ӳͬˣʼŵ 
Ź˵ʫʫôҪҼ𣿡 
ӱʫȫŤţ˵ҪҪϹɡ 
Ūһ˫鷿ͬʱСѨ˵ֵˣҲŻ壡ӱʫǰҡԼ壬ôϨϵ˵Ҫĥҡɡҡ 
˳˺ӱʫҪٴγСѨʮºƽʱӱʫʱ_ͷԣţͷԴſСףȥ׵˫ͬʱһ飬ʱͷ̺ӱʫͷֻځѣţҪٸɶҲԸ⣡ 
ӱʫѾȫ߳һ˽һ˷ȫҲţѺӱʫʮ£ŽһһɵľҺӱʫӹСѨʮº£ĲųСѨӱʫϸĵΪϵˮ;Һ 
ٴӵźӱʫҶ˯ 
˵ڶϣνŪһҹʱֲ˺ӱʫҶĿܣǲڷ䣬ԡȥ 
ʱԡҴӱʫҶ㾲ĵ͵ӱʫ˵ҺĹӦУǣҲ֪Ըǣ 
Ҷ˵˵Ūҵƨۣһû㣡 
ӱʫ˵Ҳˬɣֻ֮ӱʫҶЦ㾲˻ط䣬ϷŪǡ 
ϴϣ׼شѧʱͻȻźӱʫҶֻǵ鷿ʩ»ɽ֮צӱʫҶܵͻϮȻã˵ôҪشѧ 
ٺЦŶԺӱʫҶ˵ǲҪĹԸԡ˵Ҹպ˵ӦӦҪһƨأӱʫҶʱԶԣҶ˵ɲԻٷ 
˵ԣҪھͷȡһѼߣ˵Щɣ 
ӱʫҶɳ˵ǾͿЩɣ 
㳶ǵĶȹٳǵڿ㣬ӱʫҶʱֻĬĬĵȴƤ֮࣬ܿǻԲƨϸһᣬǴڿ㡣 
ӱʫҶеĪ֪кж֮ʣ˵ˣЩشѧ 
Ҷ˵Ϊô 
źӱʫҶ˵ôʹǣʵҲдӦúú˵㲻ᣡ 
ӱʫ˵ҴӦ㣬Ժúö㣬Ҫ󣡡 
Ҷ˵ϹҲǣ 
һ֮±㲻ǵƨϸ˵ƨɣ 
ƽʱӱʫҶǷ׽֣ǵ鷿ϣҶ˵ԵĻҲӦ 
ĵ˵һǣ˵λã 
֮Ǳ뿪شѧϿΡ




    19ʥ 

ʥһͬӣƽҹͷµ¡ 
˾պȻͷûһļѽڣǺ˾պȻĸĸһɽڣΪһϣԺ˾պȻһͥʽĽգ׼ϵ 
˾պȻĸĸ˾պȻͷϺһ𻶶ɼѽȷʮֻϲ˾պȻǹڣ˷񣬷ȻȫĹϵ̶̽Ӵ˼κ󣬾Ѿ΢иУټ֪˾պȻŮѺ󣬼Ĵټ˹ĵ̸£ϻģĿͽδϱ 
Ȼйʰ꣬Ȼʰ꣬˵ĸЩ̧ˡ˾պȻ迴ôܿ˵ôĸȻһ˵÷϶ϼ 
ʼϴ춲˼ֻһϴ룬˾պȻҲһϴ 
˾պȻ˵㿴ְֺôϲ㣬ǵǵϱ 
ҧҧ׼ˮ˾պȻ˵Ȼ͹˹أȻֻõ˵ͱ㣬Щʡ 
ϴʱ˾պȻ죬֪ǼеĶŮѹֻСﾭӪάƣȥʱ˾պȻİְ˵ôãҪúĳϻɼѽڡ 
˵ˣϲ徲ģµ˶ĵطô꣬ҹˣҶǲϢһɣ 
˾պȻİְ˵ҪˣȻһҰְ֡˵ò˼ַϼ 
˾պȻ˵һҽаְֺɣ񿴿ͱһ¡ 
˾պȻ˵ȻǻᣬŴ꣬㲻һҹٻȥɣһ룬˾պȻ˵ô࣬ﲻûпͷɣԸ˽ͷʰ׵ 
˵裡ҾͲˣ˾պȻ͸˵׽˵͹ˣ 
Ƿ˾պȻļҹȻǵһס˯˾պȻķһ˯ڿͷڣʹЩϰߣʱķţȥһһ򿪷ź˺ܿ˷ٹϷţʱſ˾պȻ 
˵ô뽫ϳ±İְֺ跢֣Ρ 
ʱ˾պȻµ˵ϰϰߣ 
֪ض˵㻹ô˵ 
˾պȻ˵Һĵһʥڣôʥ͸㣿 
˵أ 
˾պȻȡһֻlΪϣһ֮£lȫ۵ģʽϲģ˵Ϊôôң 
˾պȻ˵Ҽǰ־ʱ˵ϲlֲ֪ЩԾ͸㣡 
˼˼˵ֲô㣿 
˾պȻһҲ²˵Ҳ² 
ȥȡִִȡһľϣ˵ҵһ֯ģϲ𣿡 
˾պȻ˵Ȼϲ 
˵ϲͺˣ˾պȻŷӣϣȻֱ˾պȻǵѷѽ⡣ 
˾պȻ͵͵ϣʩ»ɽ֮צŪ鷿ڳ϶Ϊ 
˾պȻ춷ſ˷ľף˾պȻȴûͣ£׾壬̧ͷס˵𣿡ѹ㿴𣿡˵뿪ĻҪڴϣ˾պȻֻһһ 
Ϊ˾պȻ˸⣬һס۶СڴϴһźסǿŹͷÿΪŪ 
һеĿTµڿѵĴͷ׼СѨ˾պȻĴеһ쳣խůĵط 
˾պȻüͷ壬գҧ´ѩŪĵʶԼͦΣٽTѵֽ⿪ֵĴۣ˳Ź⻬ֱۻ䣬˾պȻŷͦԲ˫壬ʺΣ׺ŭʱ֮ϣ˾պȻ̲סڿУ˱Ʒͦ˫˾պȻ˫ּѹѱŤ˵Сϲ𣿡 
˾պȻ§סȫڷĽϣ˵Ұ㣬ôҲ㣡 
˾պȻƨͦ壬ƾ˾պȻΪΪվѹֲסСġҲԡ 
˾ɹǵ׸ѽڡ 
 
һߣҶͺӱʫ˵ֵüһ꣬Ϊ׸еʥڡ 
ΪҶͺӱʫ׼ʥֻһʽһĽӣΪҶͺӱʫϽӣԼҲǿӺ󣬱Ҷͺӱʫ˵ʾ޷ֱ˴ԺһҶͺӱʫӺ󶼾ƾɶ࣬˶ʮϲǿĵǵ⡣ 
ҶͺӱʫȡʥʱҶͺӱʫ㻥ʽҶ˵Ϲôϸģð 
һߵĺӱʫ˵ҺͿô㣬Ƕûкʵġ 
˵⼴ûҡ 
Ҷ˵ֲǡ 
ӱʫ˵˺ܾãҪ 
˵ô 
Ҷ˵˫Ȱɣ͵֮󲻻Ҫ 
˵ôңҶϲ 
˫۵ȺеǴ뷿뵽Ҷ˵ſ˫ۣſ˫һֻҶͺӱʫվǰ˵ô 
ӱʫ˵㿴𣿾ǡ 
뿪˵֮ʣҶ˵㲻ǿҪǣ 
˵ǡûл˵ȥΪľѸӱʫϡ 
ӱʫһ󣬷ſĵ˵Ϲԭ뵽ô㣬ûôǮֻ 
Ҷ˵Ϲ㲻ǰɣ´λһݸõ 
˵ᣡõôҲҪˡ 
ӱʫ˵Ǿͺˣ˵ģԺҲɲ㡣 
һʱ˵⻰󣬲ŷǵ˼ƣʱеȻ֡Ҷ෢ɫ΢΢һ䣬ͷ鷿ϣ˵㲻ǿİɣ 
ʱֻ˵ǻأ 
ӱʫӺһ˫ıϣʱ˫鷿Ȼ·Ȼоǵ 
Ҷ˵벻ڲأĻһأ 
ͻȻ뵽ϷŪλνޣ˵ҾѡɣָһָҶڴϡ 
㿪ʼҶϵһ£Ҷɵϣԣܿһ˿ң˵ڲҿô 
Ҷߵ˵˼ңٶ·ٽҶĴϡ 
ֱҶȵڲȽСѨҶϣׁСѨϸŪСѨܿҶСѨˮֱָӲСѨڻ 
ҶԵ쳣ȣסͷƷĽҺǵ÷츴أָûзɶСѨĻҶſȣΪΪڵȼա 
Եĺӱʫۿⳡ㣬಻Ȼ㣬ӱʫزıϼȥֻͣ̽ȡӲһĴŪͷ˵ϹЩһ 
ſҶС˵ȻҵһݣǾBOXING DAYٲһݣ 
ӱʫ˵Ȼ˵Ҫٲ𣡡 
թûӱʫҶֳܵɫڳԭʼգԼ䣬һʱ֮¾ȥ˵ʱʱ죬Ҷһţһ׽֣ΪϷŪַ˻Աֹȥ˵𣿾ûҲϲֻҪǺ˵ǣҪЩƭң𣿡 
ʱӱʫΪЦ˵Ϲûֹ㡣 
һѽӱʫһ뻳ٴϸĿʼӱʫĽֳܿչʾǰֱĴߣӱʫ鷿ѹУſڰͷУ˱ʱֵҶļ尾ӱʫһ۵鷿ѹУ˵ϹҪһʱǰֳ鿴ۻtңֻóӱʫҶͣؽ档 
һ˫Ҳûַցλν޵СѨָͣҶͺӱʫǵˮرǲûгΪ鲻ԽҲսţ˵ͷ㻥һ 
ʱȼ׵𣬵ꡣ˵սɴ񡭡 
εĹ¶ܰݣµĹ෢ƽҹȴһİꡣ 
 
ԭԼףѽڣ꣬ҲʧԼֻõͣȡؼңߵ˽ҳʱǡʱһԼ2829꣬Ľ˶һ׺ĸоӣԻһԼ1112кӣк룡ãôɣ 
ǴѧķϵȻ˵ĵĲֺ̫ãʵڴѧŮӭ̣ûдκηš 
˵ѧ˶ƺģܵܳף𣿡 
˵ҵĶӡԵкͷ˵к 
к˵㣡ҽŵ˶ŵУ 
˵ŵйԣһ£ŵЦ 
˵ҲȥҽĿˣתŵ˵ͽ˵ټ 
ŵ˵ټ 
ŵһȥ׼뿪ʱ绰𣬽֮²֪꣬˵ôòң 
ڵ绰˵Ҫ˵ЩҸǺҪԶ磬˵ô 
˵ҪˣҲǺˣźǲܲɢǣָĵȻҶͺӱʫ뻹һʱڿ죬־ԼҲг 
˵ҪЩˣַˣ߿һ˵𣿡 
˵棿 
˵ϵطɣ 
˵һΪɢ 
˵Ժټ 
ߺĿĵأСʱĳ̺춵ָϵطһղľưɣں󼺼ȺСһ𳤴䲻ãûãԿ̸˱㱭ϱ俪ʹ 
ھưڶһʱ䣬࣬Ǳ뿪ưɡ 
˵ȥɣ벢飬ϳϢ 
꽫ʻʻķ򲢲ؼҵ·ߣٹ·ڸٹ·˲ãʻ֧·ҽʻһľͣ 
ͣȻܴ󣬵ʱȴֻһɫгһĽ䣬ʻͣ治⵽ֵ꾹Ҳɫгԣгʱ򿪳ţӳ߳һӣ˾ǹ־ 
־ĳԼǱߵĳţ겻ûֹϵİȫ⿪־ָ·飬Ȼ⣬鷿ʼŮеĲλһ־񣬱ƿ˵ʱʱ죬˫ֱ׽סٿ׽ʱһ˾꣬˵磡ôǿҵˣ㻹ң 
־ȻҲ鷿ЦЦ˵֪Һʶ˶꣬˵Ǵθʱ򣬽диͣ˻ζҲ볢ζ 
˵ã㲻֪ѾȥɢѵҲ𣿡 
˵֪ȫ֪ҶͺӱʫָƻҪȥɢǣȫﲻϣ㲹ҵʱ򣬸Һúøһʹ죡 
ʱ־˵Ҫ˵ôɣ˵󣬹־|ʵ˱´ͷ̽ȥݽգù־ȥ־ıݣ˱Ϣţѵʹš־ӴͳһŰɫҩ־ͷ˿ĳݷ죬ͷֱ룬Ū⣬˫ܵѹţܣoŪ־ͷȲסĲ࣬ȻȻҩŵûзŹ־Һһ̽˶ӡ 
˵ҳô 
־˵Ǵôô֪ǴҩҲּ֪һء 
ʼȫȣRĽ߽⣬Ҳȥһһ£ͷ˫𽥽ڳҺ鲻ԽĿУ˱ԼҺҲ˹ȥȲؽӭ̽Լеʪͷ˽ʪ 
־˵ôխҳ˵ɣ˱ᵽ־ĳڣгĴٽڵλ±ΪһŴ 
־갲ú˱ȥ·ٺȥϵʱѿʼɺܿͱʣֺڿ㣬ʱϵɫǰܵҩӰ죬ʹȽϣԴȵڲ໥ĥСѨо 
־ͽ˫ȷֿڿذס壬м΢΢͹¶һĺëָСڿŪСѨʹСѨˮСڿҲŪʪ͸ʱȫʧȥֻܷѽѽΪΪ 
־״Ҳٿȥ֣һ˫ñѩ׷鷿ټһԷۺɫͷִǰֿڲþŪ飬С΢ţʴ 
ʱȫҩƣͽϽڿҲ£ȼܹ۵ңָûŪ͡ߺǺߺǡţŤС˲þġߺǺߺǡ걧ͷһ־ĴŪŪ뷢ͿʼŪ 
״ҲԿȻҲĴҲҪŪ־Ҳóλ꣬ʱŪӦӲ£ͺһƬǽ塣־һְСֱһ־鷿ʹڴI鷿ñΡȸָֿݺݵزСѨÿһ²ȥˮ˳λϡ 
־˵Բ̲סϣ޳ɰȱ߷ֿͽĴСѨȻγٲȥŪȫβµذڶţžžžĽŪշת࣬Ť 
־˵СѨø𣿡 
˵խֶˮǼƷϧд 
־ͽеĴγġߺǺߺǡĽдٴ˵˼Ҫ 
־˵Ϊһĺͥ 
㽫תĺͥŹ־־סĸŽˮ󻬣ͽĴȫĸţһδѵأʱ嶼͹־ʼһǰһСѨͺͥŪǰһ˫鲻׶͹־ֳһһѺͷ 
ʱȻǲ壬ּ֪飬Ȼ㲻ԸյŨ಻ţϸ߰Ť͹־Ķ 
ӵĳͺ뷢˱ૣšš֨֨˵Ľдôң̲סҪйˣһйעŨŨľҺӹ 
꽫İӲٴŪСҪǬ벻ôܿ۷磬ͬʱ־ҲŨŨľҺֱڡ 
ŻԲѩ׵ƨɣſλϢɷ˵ȥѹϡ 
ʱҩʼɢתѹͷһ꣬ʣʲôã 
û˫ִҸ˽ȥһһסһ˫壬޼ɵذ 
ŭҪѽҪѽſң 
˵Ҹ˵ɣӲҪ˫ſȻҪʹǿˣҲӲ 
˵ޣҸŪһΣҲ÷ң 
˵Ҫ˵ЩɣҪǿȻҩѼ˵ȻϨգƨɲȻָʾ𣬸ſ˫ȣȴһ㡣 
Բѩ׵ƨɣսͷεסĸţĴŹ־ǰֱڵľҺ£׵زĸţеѱſһȻﻺⶴ˸ģһʼͼٴĳ塣 
־ôҲŪСҪΪڽ 
ʱѳΪ͹־йߣǻʱתʽֻĬĬܣһһνҺڣŪľסСѨŶǵľҺ 
͹־ƣͣϢµȥһϢ־˵ôøɣҺٸɶ༸Σģɽ衣 
־˵ٸɶ༸Σױ棡ӳڵȡһһɵд棬ɶٴҲԣ 
͹־˯ѵ뿪ʼȫд棬תѹգֻȡڸ壬ܿ͸ͻȻ⵽ŵĿس㲻˺򿪳ᣬ͹־Ҳ׷ȥ룬˷֡ 
ϧѾˣΪʱһʻͣϵ˺⵽ǣȻʻǸǰ˱ǰ㣬һǳ߽Уѽѽ 
ɲͣӳһӣǰһ˾ 
æǰ룬õѰ赹͹־ͻȻһΪ󾡿콫¼ƽΪûڳЩҪв룬ͿټϳǴѧֻһˣǱװɷӣ˵û£¾߿ 
˵Ҳ 
͹־뿪Ƕ˵ǰϣٴ룬һ͹־׸һһ򵹡 
ֳҲ赹Ҳò⣬һ˵ʱҲΪ·͹־ǳ塣 
Ӻ󣬾;ȻҲ롢͹־ֱҽԺҽԺ󾯲˵󣬵ó¼Ĵţ౻^ʵַԾͼʱв͹־鰸ֳļ﷢ִŮ˼ɻܺˡ 
ڼں󣬺ܿڴѧﴫˣҶͺӱʫ֪룬ϣ԰ԸȻ֪ã಻Ǹֻ˵ĻΪơ 
糣ѧû¼Ӱ죬һȥѣΪѲܽһַŮѣοлİæеȤΪôʱ֣ͣҲ׷ʹĻش 
ºܿ˰꣬ǰᣬ͹־öǿʮꡣ 
͹־еùΪǿ鷸ڼڱΪ˵йߣ͹־ַܲתԺ̣תҲӦá




20ٱ 

ٿʼ뾭˲İ󣬵ûжĴܿǿվҲڵɢġ 
Ҷͺӱʫͼƻ춴ѧҵٵΣԣ˴˼ְ㹻÷ѡ 
춴ѧٿʼѺޣԵ˾պȻ֪󣬾ҪǴסʢȴֻðᵽ˾պȻǴס׼̽ĸףȻ˾պȻ㲻Ըֻýܡ 
췮Ҫ磬˾պȻѹһЩƷ͸ţߵٻ˾Ůװʱ˾պȻһ׻ɫװ¿ʺϷţȥװ˳¼߳ʱ˾պȻװϣǡôȻͻΣɢһŮԱ 
һŮۻԱ򷮱˵С㣡ܳ㡣 
˾պȻ˵ҲûᴩΪôҪأ 
˾պȻ˵һУͿϲϴ 
˾պȻתŮԱ˵ҾҪװɣ 
˵Īֻûص¼£˾պȻΪˣۻԱ˵۹⣡֪ד˾պȻŮѣǶѡ·۹⣬һƮƮȻĸоԺ˾պȻѡ·Ʒ 
Ƿּʱ˾պȻİְֺպó⣬˾պȻŷķ˵ڴȫҿ𣿡 
Щ˵ΪôҪڻҪԭ޹ʴ 
˾պȻԱͣ㲻ҪҪΪʱʱæԲҪ㴩ϣ춴ϺΣ춼ʱҵС㡣 
˵ԭĿģһЩҲûо飡ڿЩȥ˾պȻϳţֻûطĸҵ 
˲ã˾պȻķţ漴˵ү 
˾պȻ˵ҳЩȳ԰ɣ 
㿪ڼϷ˺ܶļ˵æ𣿡 
˾պȻ˵ְҪҵĹ˾ʵϰ˽⹫˾ 
˵㲻Ѿǹʵϰ˺ܾ𣿡 
˾պȻ˵ǡǰְٵز˾ʵϰ˾ļ 
һ˵Ұɣүڿȥ𣿡 
˾պȻ˵ǵĻ㴩װһ깤 
˵̰ĵСȥ 
˾պȻϻطף˵ҪطȡЩٰ 
Ӻ󣬷ȻϸղĻɫװķ˵ɣ㲻Ҫٳڣڵ˽顣˾պȻİæǸм֣÷İæȻܿɹʱŵԺ˶йļҲڷһͬļ˾պȻŵӷϴ㣬ʹĿµĴȻڷıֱڷĻԲƨϡ 
ǻоľٶûмʱָֻ˵ү˽𣿡 
˾պȻ˵ֻһʱд뿪Ҹ£һʱ嶯һ㡣û뿪񣬷۰׷۾ 
˵Բɧң𣿡 
˾պȻûʵʵľܾŵӣǶɷһ˫鷿ϣûκαʾ˾պȻסǶԸеԵ鷿ţָսһ˫飬һһŵţ磬ȫõĸо·ȥӷͷ 
ʱȫϣƱص˾պȻĻԴ΢ߵ˵㲻Ҫͷҡ 
˾պȻû·ȥҷֵĿӣʱ춳ֳֹ˷񲻾ȥ͵ϮһѳɹͻϮСѨϣȻǸų㣬ϵеСѨϴʪ 
Ҳ̲סƿ˾պȻ˵ȥһܲˣְֺ迴á 
˾պȻȻ˵ûкΪȥֻȥϣͬʱ࿴ļ׼ȥ 
˾պȻֽţ˵Ӧû˿ӣϣʹϰ䣬˾պȻͷУ˱վţһʱǵ췭ظõǣѷ 
춷ѿ˾պȻľף˵ҿԣҵ¡תӣڳ϶˾պȻµťۣȥ⿪ťۡ˾պȻҲ˼һֱһֱֻȥ⿪ťۣûֹֻǺס˵Ҫ˾պȻ׵ס 
˾պȻµİɫťť۵϶¶ѩ׵ļɫ˿֣ʱ˵ҵҲˣҵĳ˾պȻǰķǵı֣ǲǺǰһҲͷ­̽ʽķͷİɫϣʼһһ⿪ǰťۣ˫ּĳḧ񱳣ҲֻĻ˵ҪҲнϵĳ¡ 
˾պȻҲµΪᴩװͿķǵı֣Ϊ˺ֿĸЩοֻ¶˴룬ʵԴӺһ˾պȻͬʱ˽ԼҪÿһ𣬶ãſκҪ󣬿Ϊ˱ŮֶݣҲ׵˾պȻȫڰϣζݵȷᣬԣ˳˾պȻ˼װ˾պȻϨԿķǵķ˾պȻΪΪͱŮֿ֣Խڵ 
˾պȻµ˷˼Ҳ춽ȴһָʱѻɧСѨˮȱһڴϸ˾պȻúøһ˵ҵĳҲˣҵĳ㡣˾պȻ춵ȵһ¡ָĳ㣬Ĵڲḧˮȡ 
һָ˵ҵĳҲˣҵ֡˾պȻ˫ڷĴѰ֪ΪξȻûҵʱ΢΢ͦظһ˫鷿֮γһҺ˾պȻͿֵĿǰǡžһǰ֣Ե˳绬£һ̺ͷվһ˫۰׵鷿ϣ֮ˣƷƷ 
񼱼ˡָ˵ҵҲˣÿںȥŪҵ鷿ͷ˾պȻµġָ֮䣬ͣۻļ 
˵㲻Ҫ𣿡һ˫Ȧ˾պȻľ΢΢ͽһߵͷ͵ľױߣ˾պȻʱҲö˵ֲֺ 
¡ָ˵Ūġ鷿Ҳˡ֡ҵڿ㡭ҵƨɡѽ˾պȻָͬʱСڿھߣƤָ쵽ĸſᴥ 
ʱ¡ָ˵㡭Ҳ㡭㲻ܡָŪҵСѨѽܻѽΪ¡ָʱ˾պȻָѾСѨڣŪˣʹˮͣŪʪڿ㡣 
˵١һѽҲŹ㡭ѽ 
˾պȻʱ֪Σ֪Ź˫ֲãͬʱϮСѨ͸ţʱһ˵Сҡ˵ȥȥ¿㣬һ˾պȻĴ׶˾պȻȻǳϲ𡱷ʽ 
˾պȻʼӡڷ˫ˣ˵˫һӴ˾պȻоں뼷һʪĶԭǷͷ˵ͷϾһ𣬷ֲ˭ͷھ˭ˡ 
񽿴˵㡭ҡҡûϵǡ㡭ҵڿ㣡 
˾պȻͬʱԸµֱ̽ǵشִ˿СڿʱѾоһ嵽֮Уڷ׽ϽСڿҲѵ˾պȻڴϡ 
˳²ϵĳ鶯˾պȻĴ˲ʱɢһʣָͬʱ㡭⡭Ӳô֡֡óมҰ㡭ǿԡǡ㡭Ҫ͡ȥǡġม 
ʱ˾պȻֻͶһ΢ЦĽͷ´͹ȥֻסı˹ȥȻСһţ˽ȥְẬһ 
˿̵˾պȻȻǽŭţҪ䡰Ϸ򡱣ġæһˣšûϵ㡭ԡҵġ鷿СҵġСѨҡҲԡġġǡ㡭ܡġҵġСѨ涺ҡ 
˾պȻĴѨϣٲϵĹͷصڼ϶ŪţʱҲôϢشˣšá㡭ġӲมҡҡҵġСѨมðá 
ʱķ̲סˡָá㡭㡭áġĥҵġСѨǡǡ㡭㲻ܡġ塭ǡɡɡҡġСѨร 
ûһ£˾պȻϽǿ챬ըĵܵͽСѨ 
̡һǡխСѨ 
ˡáôมáมˡҵġСѨɵġġ˾պȻϵĽԼĴСѨ͹ȥһĿҲϵӿ 
˾պȻ£ʱܹ´ָม㡭㡭ġɡˡมáҡҡɡ㡭塭ǡֻܡһӡɡһ¡¡㡭㡭ܡҡɡҡ̫áมֻܡ㡭ٸɡһӡһ¡ӡม㡭㲻ܡɵҡҡ߳มˡ 
ʱ˾պȻҪĻϵһᱻҧģֻܼͷɡ 
ˡСѨɱˡˡˬá졭졭ˡС㡭ûѨมáҡҡ㡭ɡС硭塭СѨɡ㡭塭ɵˬΪֹ嵽ˬม졭졭쵽ˡ 
һѾ߳ˡ 
˾պȻҲ񲻶ϵĸ߳ߴ£Ŀʼѳֲסˡ 
มСѨеҡˬมมҡҿ첻ˡˡˡ 
ʱķѾеﲻˣȻǼ϶ϵ˵ţมС硭ĺáûϵðҡҡมҡ졭㡭ҡġͷҡġСѨСġġСáġมҡ塭ҡġСѨûϵɵҡมҡˬ߳ˡüΡûءϵ 
ǡมСҪ侫Ҫ䡭Ļ㡭ܡ䡭СѨǻᡭǡҡġСѨ̵ġġԡԡڡСѨรֵˡ˾պȻ˼ˣʱ㻹µˡָ 
ɾʱ˾պȻͻȻһƤ뷨룻조еָһϣ͡һΡ 
ǣ˾պȻֳºҪʱ˾պȻϽѴʱµ⣬˫Ȳ˾պȻϣʹܽ˾պȻʱһɣɴɵľҺȫ⾫Һһһ_ֱͷĵסһѣɧˮַ׷ͬʱ߳ˮʪ˴档 
˵มð 
˾պȻ˵˫ʱ˷ֳһʧĸоæĸϽֽʱȴ۽ǳˮ 
˾պȻĻŵĸϽοˮϵ»䣬ȴ֪־棬˽һʵĿ˵ء˼ҡء졭㲻Ҫ¡㶼ء㶼ܡءһֱ˾պȻ֪Ͼ㲻ԵԼ˵ȥȰο˵ 
˾պȻ˵ԲҵĲԣҡҡң㲻ҪٿˣʵΪ̫ˣԡҲŻ̲סġ˾պȻĸǸҪҪٿȥˡ 
˵꣬ǲϵš˵˼һ㲻Ҫ£㶼һֱ 
˾պȻ˵ԲΪ̫ˣҲš 
˵ѡͻȻô˵š 
˾պȻ˵ҡû˵ѰΪ̫̫ˣҲ޷һֱġ 
㡭˵ѡ 
ҡҡ⡭˾պȻĲ֪ôشźˡ 
˵ѣ 
Сġҡ 
ҲҲһ˵Żһ߽֓ԼĶ䲢ϵҡԼԴԴϵҡΣϵһ˫鷿ҲŻζһһҵģ˾պȻڸǸʱ 
ãͻȻ˵ˣҲĽͣ鶼չˡˡͷ塣 
Ժһܡ١ˣУһܡ˯Ϊһᡭҵġļ仰š 
˾պȻ֪ϷŪ֪ƤղΪ˱Ů֣ŷ˵Ȼ罫ʹٴһΣԽǷָ֮࣬𣿡Ƿûش˾պȻѽϵͷ 
ûָֹֻǰһ˫鷿СѨ˵㲻Ҫ顣 
˾պȻûᣬ㽫ڴϣֿ˫ֺһھϷͷҡҡͷߵ˵飬ҪǿңĿ飬ʹ˾պȻ˷ܣĴٶӲⱻĥĸоϵĴ鷿ǰգһʵѲı۾˾պȻķ 
˾պȻ˫ۣϰǸﵽ˷ϣŴСѨ߲ȥֱѴմˮŰѹͷڷСѨϣСѨͱſһ㣬Ƭ۵Ĺͷ 
˾պȻƨѾʼѹȥСѨѱſĹͷٽСѨ 
ʱҲֳסǰأѹȥС˵ҪҪʵ̫СˣƲ 
˾պȻĴһһſһһСѨСѨˮ˳ƨ϶ǡ 
ʱСزϵ˵Ҫ㡭 
˾պȻĴȫ˷СѨֻСѨ¶ңˡ 
Ȼ˾պȻͰѴһأֲ˽ȥĴմŷˮǰµľҺ˾պȻĴڷСѨ壬ˮҲϡӡĺš 
񷴿Ϊ˾պȻϣֳס˾պȻţʶԼͦΣҲѩηڴ䣬ǰһ˫Ĵн÷Ҳ̵˾պȻϣĽϽ˾պȻеǽ׾Өļô⻬еԣ˾պȻ˵СƤǾӨ͸鷿ְֻ˼伫Ʒ 
˾պȻǰλƻáңɼˣ˵ȡԼо˷Ī˫ַÿ缡ƣõɵדǰĻԲͦѩԻǰŤҡȡðɡ 
˾պȻƽʱһ˹Ĵ󷽵ŮڴȴǼ֮ŵŮԣκԶΪ֮ߵǰķ崿ߺӣϸպϣ㷢ƮɢԲͦҡѨסਣڷǰСѨ׶ĴʴǵֱԲˡ 
˾պȻҲ˱ĽµĶʣڹŪĦŽڣ㽿۵ڽܰ˱סĽҧס˱ʴǵ˾պȻֲ֧ 
˾պȻʮӣͻȻӿ˳ٶȺȣȻʹ˼£˷ϲˣ˼£ŨŨľҺ˷ӹҲץסĸ첲ʹס 
˾պȻºŷ񣬸º󰮸£ʼԲڷСѨڣûͼҪ룬˾պȻ򷮱˵СһҪӦͬʱ˫Ѱŷѩϲƶ 
˵˼ҹҲΣôӦ 
˾պȻ˵˯ҸоůƤðӲСѨڶ¡ 
˵ѽС˼Ҳţܷ𣡵ҲҪӦһ£㲻Ƹ˽С㣬 
˾պȻ˵Ѿ˽С㡣 
˵ôģ 
˾պȻ˵˹Ĵ󷽵ĸоڴּ֮ţһ 
ƿָ˾պȻŶã˵ſңȥС㣬Ȼ֪ôãΪôŹңЩſҡַ˾պȻǰ˵һΪרһˣ˭֪˭֪ 
˾պȻڷḧο˵С˵ȥɣû 
˾պȻ˵ҵ˽С㡣 
ʱ̧ͷ˵СϷŪ˼ң˵ҡڴϺţûԣûдӦ˽С㡣ķm£˾պȻš 
˾պȻΪĨȥϵˮ˵㲻˵ҵ˽ͬʱҲϸġ顱 
ʱΪЦ˵ССƭ޷ȥΪӣѱ˾պȻľׁ׾ݣͷҲҵķ֮ӵ˯ 
˾պȻŷ˵˯˼ŻԲѩ׵ƨɣڷСѨӲϵ̨ӣ֪Ҫһλ˯ˣûзӦ˯ˣ˾պȻĻԲƨ˼£һ˫ץסƨɣȻʮָʩѹƨбΡ 
šѽĽһ֮󷴶˾պȻø˾պȻͬʱҲеڵʱͣһС죬һһŵģס 
˾պȻ֪ˣֻǶĻƽʱúú´һ췮Ҫϴ˵С飡ҪҪ̰˯Щ𴲰ɣ 
˵˼ң˼𴲣 
˾պȻʱߣøϸ˵СҹŪΣŪȫҲvˣĴ˼ңŪȫҲˣЩȥԡϴ 
˾պȻ˵ҲҰγűȥԡң𣿡ͬʱĴҲеСѨֿʼʪ 
ߵ˵оȥԡҡ 
˾պȻҲ˼Ľ˶ʹѷβԡȥ˾պȻ̶̵·ϣҲ˻ĴڷСѨ˼£ʱŪ÷һ˳ 
ߵĶ˵С˳ 
˾պȻҲϸ˵С˭ǰôŪô󡣡 
񲻲Ķ˵ô˵˼ң˼Ҿϲ㣬ǰҶ˾ 
ԡҺ󣬷ܰ˾պȻϣ˾պȻҲִҸ£һ˫飬Ҳ˵СҵģңҪҲԡ 
˾պȻԡױߣ㿪ʼŬ͸ɣ÷߳˾պȻֽһһľҺעӹ 
̤ʱѲһСʱڻʱȻС£˾պȻͷᣬ˾պȻ˵СҰ㣬Ҳ䡣 
˵ҲǣҪӦң뿪ڼ䣬ԵԼŮԣŮ飡 
˾պȻϸĶ˵ҵȻᣬΪŮ顣 
˵ǣԺҲ˵ҡ 
˾պȻǰ˵֪ˣˣǵһʱ𣿡 
Ūβѣ˵˵ٲ㲻Ҫң 
˾պȻ˵ԺһǸʱҽԸŮ顣һ׷˾պȻϵ˼ͣղŷײĻ˾պȻ 
˾պȻ˵СҵĴСʹ˿ȡʾ˵ʱҪǻˣҪúչԼ绰ң 
һǣ˵СҲǣ˵ҿԺʱôҲԡ˵ߵբֵբ 
һС±²ӭǵһεĶݱ롣




21 

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ҹһĴػļûег˼Ƴ̳سƳ̳˸ٹ·ͻȻӺԸԽļƳ̳ڷǷŪüƳ̳˾æңƳ̳ҡҰЩ⣬˾һ 
ûгһ˵ⲢŴˣϳһ˾ΪʶȻǷദ˶һƽƵˣղ˼⡣ 
ֹ죬ĳĴȥʱʻԽǶθٹ·ǶʱĳͻȻһ漴ֻýʻ·ԣ֪Ǻõʱ뿴һʻĳͣ 
ӵпһǴһ۱ϳġʱꡱĳ򿪳˵룡ĳǷ⣿ 
˵Ҳ֪ô⣬ʻͻȻҲ֪ô£ 
˵ҿĳӷô˵ɣҿǼһֶ˵ĳ⣬ϳȥ 
˵Ҳ֪ϳٰһ𣿡Ϊϳ 
ʮӺΪҵϳַѽĳϣֲ֪ֻ˵ϵ޳ɣ֪Ƕٷã 
˵雷Ըѣһϳά޷ȫ⡣ָָ˵֪޳ 
˹˵УҶл難ҹ 
С˵磡Ҷл㼸ǰһѣ˵󡰰СĳͶıеʮ}ӣָеȤ 
˵Ǹٹ·ûгӣ뵽ɣʱĳˡܡһһСͯ̽ͷУְ֣ҶӶˣͯĶŵ 
˵ŵУ𣿡 
ŵ˼˵Ȼðɣ 
˵ 
˵СӾ棬Ҳˣ͵ҺͶлһ˱򷹵 
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˵Ҫشѧ׼ѧ飬Լȥ𣿡 
ŵʧ˵Լȥɣ 
ͻȻ˵ŵУȥ𣿡 
ŵ˵Ȼðɣ 
˵ô鷳㣬˼ 
˵͵Ҽεı𣬿һǷ޵¡һٶл 
ڶһ㵽ļŵѧУ]ѧѧУְԱΪŵ裻Ϻִŵȥ֣ŵе֪ѹֻúΪӻļͣʼˡ 
һֵļŵһֱͣҹŵ˯ȥһŮȥݳؼңһ·л룬Ϊûŵһô١ 
ĳʻٹ·ϲãһӸ滹ƣûᣬʻǳǰ״˵ôΪôҪ̽ķӦ 
ƽ˵룡㲻ô˵ˣ֪֪ҵı𣿡 
˵ò˼ûдϣ˵Ȼ֪Ҵȥһط˵֪㲻Ҫ¡ 
ʮӺ󣬾͵ǸǿͣͣȻΪֻһһ˵ܣһ˵ھ˵֪ҵı 
ͿʼĹ£ʮʱ˫ѹΪ飬ٱϲϼ˵ãԲμ˷Ƿ㿪ʼģںڵãŵĸʱϲֵӣŵʥڣֲμһķǷ͵Ӯȡǳº󣬾ͣĳͻȻʧȺһ޿ȵı磬ǶȥӼӵĸ׵Դ֮ʹ˼ʹ˳ģΪ䡰ӺɡΪŶӵõȵ빤ɴѧγ̣ڴѧҵһ̵ȶͬʱÿʥᵽͣȥӡ 
˵Ҽڸٹ· 
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˵ȻΪŵô£ûһĸףõõչˡ 
˵ҲҵıҶԹ̫̫ʼҲȥңŵеĺĸãôΪ 
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ƺ˴Զԣ˫⣬ֵĹȥԽ˵ϣӵס츧ϣͻȻѻʹһй밲ο˵뿪һ𣿡 
ȻѹƵģƽϢһ˵ҼȻ¶ҪչŵУЩʲô 
ʱˮѰŪʪһƬ̧ͷ룬ǸȻ˵Բ𡣡΢Цҡҡͷʾ 
ǰһˣ鲻ԽһǣһǾͲĻ죬ΪǰĲ룬ޣʧѾõĸȼ㲻һе룬˵ţţҺ㡣ȥ 
֪Ļþһδܵģ崺ĸоǰδд˸оĵϿʼĴʱƿĸʹɧĬĬ޵ĸо 
ӣ󣬺ܿͣ˵룡Բ𣡡û˵Ϊ֪˵ô롣ܿ뺬˵ͽҵޡ࣬ͷʱ̲һ𣬱˴ƷŶԷܡ 
һϸĺɫ¶ȹȹڳԼϥ϶ʮ֣ޣԴϷǳ¶һ񱳣¶ֻľһᣬҲ 
ͻһֵӣǰмƣʰȥӣҲ˲ô࣬־ϸֵĸоϸ׻ 
Ҳ֪˶ãͻȻ֣³İťα£ñһԴ£˵Ҷ౧һ󡣡Ȼ£ƹӣſϡ 
ֻյůⲻķӿСѨڸˮԴ˵ҡ 
ȥһǧæͷӡ˫˫ָ˶ 
еµĶСϣ׽֣鷿ϣҲǱϣǱ·ͦ鷿סһһŪţ˫ָЮǷӲͷŪ£ִ̣࣬͵ɢȫһ͵ĿС 
ǰ·ȥͷһִŪͷСѨˮǾ̰һ˫֣·ڣŪһ˫˵顣 
һ֣һֱƨɣٵȣشĴڲ֪࣬⣬Ϊ֪СѨˮڿҲʪһƬƴ˫Ȳ֪Լĳ̬ 
Ҳǿ˫Χľͷٽһ𡣺˫Ƚɣֵõɺ׵؁׾סָĥţǸһڿ㣬ǸеУС׸ϣĽ 
˫סڿ࣬һȴ̧Σ׵ذڿȥ 
밴ͷزֱСѨʱȹΪ¶СѨ̧СѨ͵ľױʾҪǡ 
˫ȼ䣬ţ뼤һץסͷϵķѣһѹͷСѨСֻšȴڼ̵ʱڣ˵һ߳˷ܵĿ 
ٴſϣ˵Ľססһ𣬵û˫ֽ⿪뾱Ľᣬ»¶һ˵鷿ֱ̺ͷϣĸоʤգĿͳһ̶Ū 
״Ĵ׼СѨڣĹͷСѨʱеԼĴСѨס 
һ紥УʱȫβԶһͦ 
ƨɿʼǰͦʱҲŤӭĳ塣ԽԽþԽԽ룬ͣ͹ֻ˫ĴѨsážžţѨΪĴһһ̡ͣ죬һġЭ 
ĳ壬Ťƨӭš˴Լһٶ£ŤҲĳţƴͦѨֻůȵסԼĴæֿٳʮ£岻סĲ泩ı顣鷿ߵĿ£һ߳ 
ûҲӿ칥ƣƬ̣һŨȵľҺֱСѨȥȾһ䣬ԶĲŷŤָͦ߳ˣСѨעľҺ 
̱λϣĸоʵ̫ãΪǵһθܵһĸ߳ÿһܰĸоǰδģº󻹸¡ 
֮ȹʱ˵𣿡 
˵ûУǳˣ֪ôһ¡ 
˵˵öԣ 
וرסã˴ӵ´һһᣬͻȻ˵룡𣿡ݣһԹҪ 
Ҫ󶼲˾ȣȵ˵ðɣͻҰɣⲻõŵУݳҡ 
˲һ̤ţѼӺ뱧סֻƣͬʱǰһһ˫УĴࡣ 
˵ҪҪＱҪҲҡϴ 
ԡңֻԡڣҲڣ㿴㷢β˵Ӻţķ۾ȥֻ˵ҪＱЩŲҪŵпҲĽԡϺ󣬲롣 
춸ղڳڹ߲㣬ʱŷĺɫ¶ȹߣװ߻ͣ滹͸¶˵鹵ֱģضĲϡ 
ƿȰˮתȻʼӵǣԴָоһҲ裬ֻڻˡ 
ֿʼزƴ֮£ʹڿʼңѩ׵زԽ¶Խࡣһǣһȹڣһȹڱ¶Ըеĺɫȼڿ㡣 
Ըкɫȼڿ㣬ǰСĵط͸ֻ˿߹ɣԸвλˡ 
¶ȹĽ⿪¶ȹ˳Ľ£ԡҵĵذϣϾֻʣԸеڿ㣬ܵİס΢΢ͻصش˫Բ۰𪼰ͦ 
˵룬ǼƷôƯ 
ס룬ͷ磬飬һ鹵۾һʮܵرͷҰ 
Ķ꣬Ȼ˳ߵ岿λȻڿ塣ת˹˫ַϴ̨ȻԼ۵βԸбȼڿ㣬˿ƬΣֱ岿λѩԲ¶˴⡣ 
βͷڿм˿ȻβҽڿҲದŶ˫֮䣬沿ϣͷȥβ֮Сջ 
มšֳ˷ı顣 
ҲûԹ֪ȻĸȥŮĸšϲſ˫ȣ˫֮˽ܲλ 
˵룬ʪ͸ 
˵˭ 
վԼ¿㣬¶Ĵýʵ룬˫ƹҸȥ˫飬ס˽ 
˵มز 
ϸ@㱳ͬʱҲмɵظ顣 
˫ֳϴ̨˵ม㡭áɫม 
ֵָֻͬʱۺɫͷͼ˳ֶֻڶչ˵̬һҲסԼĽ飬鷿ĿС 
˵𣿡 
˵มáһҪҧҵġͷ 
ɬе࣬壬¶ѩ׵飬ͷӲƺȴ 
巭תȻһָ鷿ͬʱҲҧͷ 
˵มมá㡭ҧáҺáҪǰȻȥɫĴ 
ḧ˳ͷͷĹͷ 
˵ϲ𣿡 
뺦ߵ˵รҮ 
۾ĴУȻĴвͣؽ˫Ĵȣ˫һ渧ңһ渧βǰڽĿС 
˵ͺҶиоٵغסĴôлơ 
˵มҪҵĹͷһ᲻Сġ 
ͷſĴĲÿеҺŴźߵ˵Ǻܺ𣿡 
˵รҿɲҪҪ档 
Ȼһѱס壬ͬʱҲȥԸڿ㣬ڿ㱻ѵȲλʱ˽ܵëҲ̹Ȼر¶˳ȴһڵ˼ûС 
ȻתԭȷźõˮˮڿѾѵˣÿĵط͡ 
˵ˡҪô㡭 
˵ҪӺ桭ת壬˵ 
˵û⣬һܣһַ۵βһԼĴȻβ 
һͦꡱһǸѾӰʪѨ 
ѨеĴоڲͣĳ鴤ĥ˱Ĵȫë׶ſˣеĿУ𻯵ݡ 
ʱüͷת棬˫ͦ㣬ۺɫһӣң˵Ķûһ˿׸СǣСŨëŨܵëմҺʪܵѾճһ𣬷ֲ˭˭ġǾĴۺĻʵĽӺһܺɵ빲ɴüĸ 
ǰ˵ķĿ͵Ľëᶶţʵ̫ˡʱĽ˫ӡĴϣû˱ۻ⣬̰ʳеҺҺ븹УܵʹѨеĴͦӲ 
ĴѨл鶯ʱ˫Ŀüͷϵıʹڲͣ䶯ĥĴǷʵϵĿУҪNֻ¾Ӿͷˡ 
ƺ뵽ʲô˦ͷƲӵᴽͻȻſ˵ķĿ˵ɣһŵз֣Ҳ˼ 
˵ңͦӭҵĳ壬Һܿġ 
Ȳͦӭĳ塣Ϊʹ£ļĥ 
ͷסĴʱΪҪ£ҲͷţǻʳŶԷҺ˫ѩȳƵ˵ĽۣȸďPĥʵһ϶ûС 
ǿ͵ĽţֻҪʱҲҪֱ߳סǸᴽסĴ⡣巢ײġžžžĴڳˮҲΪҺʪѨġ꣡ϡʱͻȻһʵ޳Ȳͣĳ鴤 
˵ҡҡ 
룬˳ȫ۵ʵͦĴӲִͷѾ뵽ӹﴦֻоӹǻͻȻҧסĹͷڣĸ߳ˣһɹȵɻ緢Ĺͷۿϡ 
˵ҡH㡭㡭졭 
벻˼ָʾ˵HҡԵĽţ鴤ѩ׻Բֽϣǿҵͦӭĳ塣ʱܹͷһǿ֪Ҫˣͬʱ䶯ĥ˱Ҳ̲סֻͷһͼ䣬һŨľҺɽ緢ӹĻϡ 
ºϴ裬봩ԭԡİɫTûдκ¿㣬ż͹¶̧뿪ԡҡ 
뵽ķϢ뻹ѹ·Ļ˯ˣֱ峿˵㵽ȥ˯ɣŵмҺͬ˯һ𲻺áҲǵ·ߵ˯ 
κϵΪԼţһʱдԼĲңܵĴõ˵İԲŸ춺찮Ǽ·ԼȥȻʾ֧ҳ⴫ʧӣʼղиĤ޵ԸרһԼͥĳŵܿɹΪŶӶµĿ꣬ǿԽȥҪҵһĿꡣ 
ӣ;չŵõӚŮĸԣŵܺϵԴŵ統ԼһչˣͬʱչĲ׹ϵ




22ƽ 

ֿ콫ȥ죬ҶͺӱʫʰʰҶķʱӱʫҵһղڹһǵĹһʱ±ڴ򿪵һ֮һҶƬаԸеģжȫա 
Ҷӱʫ۾ĿŵԣҲ͵͵ߵӱʫһ֮ºӱʫҶµգھӡͬѧŮ04㣩ʱߵͨ죬ȻҶͺӱʫ˺ܾãҶøӱʫʼһ¡ 
Ҷ˵ʫʫΪô͵˼ҵĶ 
Ȼӱʫ֪Լȣǲ˵ʰûдô֪˭ģԣұ㿴˭˭֪ľƬ 
Ҷһףʹ޷⣬ʱҲ˹λν޷ֿⷢ£ҶºҶ㽫һǵŭй˵ɵĺ£ҸʫʫȡЦҪȫգҲҪȡЦһ 
Ϊѵ˵ðɣ 
Ҷ˵Լɣ 
˵ҺΪѵģҶǿ 
ͻȻҶ˵ҵ˼ȥԡ 
Ҷ˺ӱʫķ˫ȦסӣúĿ˵Ҫ𣿡 
֪ôͷʾ⣬Ҷӣ촽ϣͷ 
Ҷֻĵټһ¶ССģһ縡͹ıϣֱ㲻ֵһεҶƨϣͣظһִֻ˽춸Ҷһߵ鷿ס 
ҶŪá³һûз˫һͬҶСڿڣֱӴҶƨɣֱָҶϣҶСѨѿʼʪָѨڣʪˮ£׵ѨڣָͣɦȥģҶСѨˮŪ 
Ҷֱ̽Ŀ¿ʼ׶Ĵ£ʮӣҶر飬ʼ䣬еرˣҶڵĶ̿㣬Ĵͳ̽ͷȥſںסĹͷ̾һʱˬ͸ 
Ҷ˫ͷͷʹ˱һʱԵáҲû˫ֱָСڣ֣ոһ˫顣˹ӣей⣬סҶ鷿֪Ҫ£ֿڼϰȻһƺߣȾҶʹסͷϣŇ¶УͷΪһ˵̲¡ 
Ȼ˵ʫʫұһ𣿡ҶͷһȻӱʫվ춷⣬һ˫סԼ鷿һһصŪ 
ӱʫ˵֪ǴҵĻ⣡Ȼһһߵߡ 
׵ؽӱʫһ뻳ĶԵ˵ʫʫҲҺһ£𣿡ָһָԼĴ 
ӱʫװ˵СɫôvҲҪ˼ȥȻ˼ǰͷǰӲĴס 
ӱʫϸĵΪµľҺҶˮϺוرĴסһ渧Ĵһᣬסһѵôο׳ӱʫһŪĴٴӲ 
ӱʫ³˵ϹҪĴ 
ʱӱʫҶӺţ˵ҪѹԼ·ɣ 
ӱʫ⿪ǰض˵ĳťʱͻȻǿһҶֳһλգӱʫ˵ô 
Ҷ˵д棡 
ӱʫʱѶ˵Уң 
˵˵ǰƬҲҪһŹƽ 
ӱʫûлش𣬱ȥťۣ˵ʫʫһΰɣӱʫ׽֣óʡ 
ӱʫ֪һǹˣֲûĿ˵ðɣҪҵӰʦ 
䵱˺ӱʫӰʦӱʫд棬Ⱦ⿪ǰصĳťۣ¶ѩ׵żķɫ֣ӱʫתģٽĳºͶȹҲ£ֻʣֺСڿ㣬һ縡͹ľչǰ׽Ըе 
ӱʫſڴϣǰһ˫ֱ£γһ鹵ڳ˵̬Ƭ󣬺ӱʫֵ⿪ֵĿ˽£Сڿ㣬ʱӱʫһ˿ңزҪĲλ¶¶ȫոУϣĵӱʫȫա 
ӱʫ֪˼˫鷿СѨٲ㣬ƿȳٵ飬һ˫鷿¶ѩԲ鷿ǰζţ޵ͷҲѾվ 
һֻƿСѨｿ۷죬Ƭ΢΢ţһЩˮ˳ӱʫҲԼΪô˷ܣǰҶڽЩڽʱõο壬Ҳδ˷ܣȻơд棬þƵ˸֮¶еһЩУȫոеϻ 
ӱʫĶԽԽ󵨣ſ˫ȣھͷǰ¶˽ܵŪԼëÿԸеĵشҲ©չھͷǰӱʫŪԼ壬ŪԼˮɬĿɰȵ̬һͼƬ 
ʱĺӱʫоȸղŸʪˣọ̈̄һĪĿкʹ̼ĳȻû壬ĵʹ޷ԼˣôӰѽûǣҲŬĽлȫ׽ 
ԵҶӱʫ̬󣬱ߵ˵ҲҪɣǣӰʦϻλ¼ 
һе̺úӰʦĹҶ棬ѹ·ߵӱʫǰĴСףӱʫȻ֪㣬ʢҲô㺬סǿŴÿΪŪ 
ӱʫĹͷ˱ú㽫ͼ£úӱʫޣŶŶֱС 
ӱʫͷͷϵָۣŵӱʫмĴﺦ³һźӱʫĴȤһֲϵ鷿鷿ϵͷ 
ںӱʫǰּѹ鷿λҧͷӱʫСš 
һֻ˳źӱʫһֱôĸָḧŪȻʳָָĦšӱʫˮֱָҲʼĲ嵽ӱʫ 
ͻȻӿָںӱʫٶȡӱʫʼ̲סҲԽԽӱʫͰһ˿ҵſڴϣվͳڶţ˫쵽ӱʫǰ鷿ͻȻԽԽʱѹͷӱʫˡ 
ӱʫ˫ְڴϣŻԲѩ׵ƨɣεε鷿ڿлζӺѴСѨһ½һµز 
ӱʫ˵㣬㣬˼һܲˡˡŪ˼ 
ӱʫ˫ְڴŤʱƵ¼鵴̬ӱʫæ鷿Ҫ޳˵˼Һöȫ 
ӱʫԼСͣսս˵Ҳ 
֪ӱʫȻǺ±Ҷȫûİںһ½һµز 
ӱʫٽҲͻȻͨͨţҧҧȻֱû鷿Լ 
ӱʫž˵ҪôҪĸ 
ӱʫ˵ĲҪˣŹҰɡ 
ͷԼĴϵرӱʫûֲϵسʹ˷ܣǸӱʫҺ񽭺Ӿǰ㲻ͣӿ˵Ĵȶմˣѩ׵ƨɲ󻰵ĴҲǰ󶶶ţ 
ʱھǺӱʫײε£ӱʫܿҪ߳ˣҲſԼ֣¼̬ 
ᰡ˼ҡ߳ˣҪšš⡭áҺð㰡ҪͣҰɡӱʫ۾ȻҲŪЩ״κ˼ˣϷͳ 
ȸղſɲͬˣÿһ壬ֱӱʫסͦҷɡǿĳ̣һ˱˽ӡ 
ӱʫֻ֪һһΣԼ㣬ӣ塣 
ʮӺһþźӱʫƨɽס壬ĴܸܵڴһһľΣ˼£˾Һ 
γʪĴ͵ӱʫǰҲ˵ſڰѰϵľҺ˸⣬̶סͷʹ˱ֱ飬뿪 
ӱʫʱƣԷڴϢζղŶ෭ĸ߳Ϣһ󣬺ӱʫпҶɫ󣬱ϸĶ˵㿴Ҷӯһʺı顣 
ӱʫ˵ҿ㻹δɣҲҪʹҿһ²Źƽӱʫ˵ΪҶռƬضȡЦԣҲҪúáչˡҶúȡЦҶ 
İҶһҪĴϣϸסҶһͽʵʵ§ڻʹã׼úñҶȫÿһ 
Ҷ˵СɫҪҡûмҵķ 
Ҷһ쵽ıʹظ񱳣Сֱϸ۵Ƥڼ£ѾֵĿӽ⿪ˣһֻҲûȥҶǼǵԿͷȫʧȥãĵһ¾˽ȥԲƨɡ 
ҶشؼҪʱ־ֱƨҶ˵ſſңҪоˣ 
ҶţͻȻߵˣҪҪ桭˵ֻǴڴڵشϢš 
Ҷƨƨɹֱȥƶ֮䣬ڶšҶʱˣȫϣ˫ؾ 
ʱڳֻ˵һÿɰ鷿รҶСʮСͷѷӲøСϣҶߵæֱѹǰסҪλȼٲŪŪǡŶŶţȻ־ͺ׵ذֱҶǶ鷿ڶȻǸ·ȻǿžµСͷš 
ŪȥҶ鷿ϴŪȻȥŪ鷿Iɲͬ״Ĵָʳָظ·Ūͷͷȥ 
ʱҶȫܲˣСѨѲƵˮӱＱٵΪһʼΪڽȻӱʫϣͺӱʫݵĴϷʹԳֱӸĸֻǽǰȥ 
Ҷɬɰӣ촽ţҶæܿͣͳûţͷţȻҧĶҶУ鷿Ū˫֮䱻֣ڻ϶ǣʱ֪룬Ūñ۾ֱС촽ˣش°˹ȥѾ֮ǰѾӣͷӲ˿ıݡ 
ҶѾȫܷšſСĴͷ˽ȥʱûҶƵڴϣСĳҸ£һ˫Բִ𪶯˵鷿ȫ¶˳˫ץȥִ꣬ŪͷҶ˫Ҫץ֣ȴƿ˫ִŪ顣 
ʱͻȻվ˫ѸٰҶСҶСʱȫҲһ˫鷿ҡҡ׹Ҷæ˫ֻǰ˵ҪҪûģĵСڿҲһӳȥǰûӣѾȫһ˿ҡ 
Ҷһ鷿һ˽ѹ⣬ǴѷΣֻǰӲҶ֪ͼŵ÷ӣ׽סְڴϣһ鷿ڴϼñ⡣Ҷֿʼʩħצ֮˽ȥָСѨﶺŪţҶȫ;ֻܷźźߡ 
ȴżָŪҶСѨʹڴߣڱԲԲ۵ƨɣͻȻƨϣ˫ְҶƬƨſָѨƬȥ˽ΧţͷҶѨ 
ҪҶѨţͷɽѨʹ֭ȻҶû֦ҲԷڴȫŤ鷿ҲͣҡšϸĵҶ˽ŪţҶԽԽ󣬺Ҫ޳ͷͻȻһȻľϣһȦ󣬾ͳƨＷȥ 
ҶҲδԹһαŪ̼ü߲ͷҲ湻ʱǿƨҶûӾɾˮ̴Ѩ˳ڽѾ߳йˣڴϡ 
ӲҶС΢ſ㽫ľױߣҶҲ֪⣬ʵʱҪĴοҲ룬ſھͺУڵҶŬǰӲҶϣҶְ˫鼷һס鹵ȥСſͷ˫飬ʱͷͷŴ鷿Ĺͷۣ˫鷿ἷѹšϵĳ鶯Ҷ鷿͵˫ش̼²ʮӱٴӲ 
ҶٱסʱѾ÷ˣת׵ѹڴϡҶ˵崿ɰȴǸɧģղˬˬ 
ǡ˼ҲɧҶؿ飬ַס죬ҶȴþòŰ˵͡ 
ԼĶԼҲ򿴣˵ͣѸղƨＷŪͷŪ 
ҶһܿͱͷԺſСףͷҲšҶҪʱѰ˫ȹǴͷѨ궯˼£ͼ˽ȥܸղҶˮѨһƬȥȻһ嵽ףҶӹڣӹڶſҶôȥȫˣ˫ְֱֺۣѴ彫ȥౡౡˮСžžžȻĴ 
Ҷƽʱ崿ɰ찮ʱ򣬾ͻĴСѨɵɵ÷ϣ̫˼СѨˡܲˡ졭ɡ 
ȻˬҪҶСޣ͸ЦЦ˵ˬˬ˵ƨǰǰ󼱴ٵҡҶǸɵˮ˸߳ʱС˼ûˡ˼СѨ챻ơɡ˼Ҹˡ벻ҶҲ˵Ȼƨϡ 
̫ˡˡ˼СѨˡҶͣɵ÷ˡ 
벻дôˣţʱֽҶתڴϣȻҶ̧ƨزȥһ߲һ˵СѨۺýԺҪúõĲ㣡 
Ҷɵʧǣ˳ţ˼ҿ챻Ϲ졭ҡҡš˼ҿˡС˼ˡܲˡŶŶŶ 
Ҷȫ˫ֽץڴϣһǿҵĸ߳һڽҺ˵ѽС˼ܲˡ˼ҿŶˡ̫ˡҶҲ²ԭºӱʫ̬ԼҲΪŮǣڱŪģͦƨӭĳ塣 
Ҷʱɵˬֻ裬֪ϵرȻȥ׺ӱʫС죬ʱӱʫѳ˯ˣ֪£ֻεţͬʱҶȫɵҶҶСͣźӱʫС죬ͣŵš 
ҶֱɵȫͶͲٸӱʫ죬ֻܲţˡˡСҿ졭ˡˡ군ˡϹ졭˼СѨ챻ơˡ군ˡŰ 
ҶȫһһǿضţѴһһزѨһҵĳ͡Ҷӹ侫Һܶ࣬˶βŰѴ 
ڴϹѴҶ滹кܶľҺֱΣҶ°𣬾ͰѴҶСš 
ѴĹͷȻҺȫҶСͶŪһͿľҺҲͻҶҲǬ 
˵ó𣿡 
Ҷߵһۺ˵Сɫ֮Ҳ˯ˡ 
ųҶͺӱʫ˯ڴϣλǶȫպ󣬲ΪǸϱ֮ʰڲо֣ŵķľɾͷ 
ֱƻʱҶͺӱʫǿٷڣͬʱҺһͬԡ࣬ϴϺҶͺӱʫֻǬ¿㵽ķ 
ҶͺӱʫͽµľɾͷǣһӵסǣĴһͬ͡ 
ҶͺӱʫƽʱľŮھͷӭһСѨͣޱȡ 
ʱֱַסֲǵϵǵ鷿򣬸鷿ϸɨҶͺӱʫûκαʾ淺죬ʹǵ鷿һһʹ֮һֱеӰƬƬ˵ǿղɫӰζ 
Ҷ˵ܻô˵˼ҡ 
ӱʫ˵ôұͿȥɫӰЩɫͺ𣿡 
Ȼ֪˵Ц¿Ҷͺӱʫ˵ǸЩأҲҪúչǡ 
Ҷ˵໬ֻҺӱʫŸƭôá 
˵ҪҪԣش촽ѾѹסС죬촽ͷ˫䲻ͣţҶ촽ͷĿǻڡ˱ǽҶҲʱİ쵽ĿУҵ˱ʱ˴˵ĿˮҶ𽥸ţ˫ֽͷһŤ 
ûзſӱʫһߵУͣذ棬ӱʫϳ棬ʱˣźǺǡȻϡ 
Ҷʱɷſת촽Ϻӱʫǣ˱´ͷ̽ȥıݣ˱ϢšӱʫԼڴו˱øᡣʹƿʱǰ̽˿˺ӱʫĳݷ죬ͷֱ룬Ūӱʫ⣬˫ѹţܣֻƾŪ 
ӱʫ˫ֹסĲӣ̵ӭӣڿлཻ£ӱʫ⸧һȻٽͷ̽С죬˱⣬ҧϷ´ͽӱʫԼ˫רҶͺӱʫϰ 
Ů֮価ᣬҶͺӱʫʱ縡͹ĽŤҲʱֿϢһᡣ 
ӱʫ˵Ҳ֪ʲôҩŪҺͿԸռ飬Ҳʲôö㣬ʵشңҺͿ˭ƯԴ˶Ư 
һʣ֪شҲῪһ͵ͷ˼ʱӱʫҶһɫҶҲ˼ 
һ󣬱˵ѻشǸҿ˵ɣ 
Ҷ˵ҪҺӱʫһطδ㿴źӱʫǰڳ˵̬ 
һʱ֮ۻңͻȻһһķ˵˵޷ֳ£ҪһⶼģƯġ 
ӱʫ˵ղŲ˺ܾ𣿡 
˵ҲǵĿˮҪǵСѨҶͺӱʫʱϺ죬ֺ֪ȥԡ 
˵ܼ򵥣ñȥǵСѨͷȥ¶ζһ 
Ҷͺӱʫ֪ǸȥǱˣҶ˵ǾͲش𡣡 
˵ӱʫģԾأǾȿʼ˵׽Ҷ춵ϡ 
ӱʫҶ춵ϣҲսţһʱ䷿չһ޵ⲫսսңҲǴӣҲڻҼ˻Ҷͺӱʫ 
һֻսҶͺӱʫ춴ϣⲢвδоΪһһȥ۸ŮֻģҪҶͺӱʫ˵Ľſǰ鲻סؿĥ䣬ȫɥʧҶ˵Уش˭Ư 
װԩ˵ѷָ£ֻطȽղҲһǲϲ뵽ֻһ 
ӱʫ˵ô 
˵˭ȿ侫˭ƯòҪȥɣһһһڡ 
ӱʫ˵˵ͲҺͿ㡣һԶԡ 
Ҷ˵ûรǱˡ˵ߵĵ͵ͷҿֵ̽ĿͳʱѸ˶ΣӲ 
Ҷ״ΪŪӱʫҲʺҲŪʱûһҪ侫ŪҲͽ޹ 
ӱʫһץסſӣǵģܼˣ΢΢죬ഺϢǿɰˣҶһھͺס˹ͷһָŪңһŪͣһһµ泩ޱȻʱ֨֨졣 
־ӣǰӲϢҶͺӱʫŬиҲеʹҲӲ˵˰ɣҲˣǲûлشҶͺӱʫͬʱ֣ѹ鷿֮䣬״ͷȣʼӲһЩUͦ鷿֮䡣 
ҶͺӱʫŬ£Ľչӱʫ˵Сôɶÿζ˼ȥӦðҧܿࡣҧһ¡ѽһ˳ֵٶӲ 
˵ıɱ׷𣿡ӱʫûлشΪѸţŬ˱Ĵӱʫʱʱ׶ſǸоֱƮƮ泩ޱȡ 
Ҳ˳Ĵߣͣǵķ۵鷿ִĲͣ࣬ǵزţ鷿Ūɸ״ 
ͻȻҶתǰСѨǰڶҲҶڿСѨڵλֳˮգ֪ˣڿСѨҶƿ׽˫ڿڣҶƨһ󣬱ڿ㣬ҶҲɵϣڿ¡ 
ҶСѨ͵ľϣϸĵΪͷ׵ľҵصһԴĶڣӭͷҶСѨʪֻȵİҺһ֮ͷûҶѨСšҶţͷҶСѨŬţŪҶڲʪܵģ̣̣ 
ӱʫҶûкĴ̧ͷһ֮£Ҷر󣬶ʱ𼱕NϽڿҲ£ϣסĴ򻨴ͣĥţһǸͷһ㴳˽ȥæһûֱ־ײŰƹǷǹǵ⣬ˬȥ 
Ҳްһסůխ÷ǳӱʫ»ζʱ׶Ƕˣᣬ궠ǼĥΣˬˮʧأ±СѨ죬չ̬ 
Ҷӱʫֱ̬ģԽԽл𶯣Ѩᣬֻڲܺúø 
ҶϣźӱʫŮӵһС컥ţȻҲסͦɿĳɵúӱʫˮĽѣס鷿ִꡣ 
ӱʫû³һ۸ңˬ붪 
ӱʫҲܲסһΣȻûڴϣˡܲˡ 
Ҳ̲סҶ춴ϣ账ճִͷ˼£㼴˽ȥҶһ͵Ŀóʵ 
Ҷϣ鶯Ҷһ͹ֻſڴԴҡΣݴٻأͷеҪˡ 
Ҷ̧ͷһ˵ңȫ䵽ҿ 
æѴУ鶯£ȾطйҶûнҺ̽ 
Ҷӱʫ˫ֻ鷿ϺҶ㴽ӱʫеҶСڵ̲꣬סĿͷȻ¹Ҽдһ͵Һ壬ע˺ӱʫһڣӱʫȵŴ۾ҶǰЦ۵ġ 
Ҷ˵òó԰ 
ӱʫ˵ιҳʲô 
Ҷ˵нľңˣ㹦Ͳ٣ҽľ㡣 
ӱʫ˵ѹôѳԣԭתҪҲҪġĴͷǬŰų 
һҵ磬ҶͺӱʫȻָԷǣֻĲûӰҵĸ飬ºΪһ˫˵дǣֳš




23̽ 

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񷵵ִѧᣬʰ׵ҲСʱҲȲ˾պȻĵ绰µ˾պȻֲʧԼԱͷ 
ֱʱ绰̨ǜRʱ绰һԭ˾պȻµʱһ绰ߵ˵ү㲻ҪңҶߡ 
绰Σһ˾պȻ˵ҶߣΪ˲˾պȻɧţٽ绰˵ү֪֪ôʱ䣿 
绰˾պȻû˵Ҳֻ֪˵Բ𣬽첻ܽ㡣 
˵Ҳȥʱ䣿 
˾պȻ˵ԲҲǸո֪ҽԺҽ 
ʱŭΪ˵ΪôҽԺҽ 
˾պȻ˵Ҳǲֻڳһ֮ҽԺ 
˵һҽԺɣ 
˾պȻ˵ҽԺҲˣҲˣԲҲۣҲߣ˵ɣ˵Ҷߡ 
Ȼ֪˾պȻû֪˾պȻҽԺҽģǣҴһ·ҽԺ 
ҵ˾պȻĲ󣬿ͷŰɫ˯ţҲ˼Ūڲ԰VVǰǵӣʱḧգڴ˯ˡ 
Ҳ֪˶ã˾պȻڲУһ̷ŮĴ˯ţһʱҲϲ˭Ůתʱһ۱㿴Ƿ 
㸧Դ㻺ſ۾漴˾պȻס 
˵˾ͺˣ֪ԺҺܵ㣬ΪôҽԺ 
˾պȻ˵Ҳֻ֪ҳȥʱǰһڣʱҽԺҵĸðδȫԲεӦûôˣ 
˵ûôˣҪúϢδɲ´ 
˾պȻЦЦ˵ˣá 
˵ڻôģ 
˾պȻ˵֪ôңסҽԺҲԸ⡣ 
˵˵ұߣ 
˾պȻǰ˵Һܹ㣡֬Ƶķһ¡ 
ŷͷ˾պȻĴ˾պȻһͨT濴ҲûôصͷʱǼTڳֱӿԿTԲ鷿Ҫǰ㣬Ҳɵۡ 
˾պȻƶͷؽǻǿҶʵ̽ȡеۣ۾ȴͷTĴ⡣ 
Ǽ꣬˾պȻԽԽУɳƵԽ˾պȻ 
˾պȻ־ڷظ˼£鷿òһܳ˾պȻظɬؽһ˵㲻ҪǵģŸѹôƤˡûֹ 
˾պȻ˵ǸûҺܹ㣬һ𣿡 
˵ܻѽʱҽʿҪɣ㽫˾պȻƿ 
˾պȻ˵ںҪ㡣ŷֲš 
񾭹˾պȻһֵİV󣬾İ˵ҪӦҲҵ·˾պȻȻһڴӦ 
ͦ˵ظ˾պȻһԸ˾պȻŷظʱͻȻһʿ˽˾պȻ˵һţһ٣ 
ʿߺĶϸ˵㿵ѹ·Ϊ𣿡һ£˾պȻֻӡ 
죬ҽԺչ˾պȻͬʱ֪˾պȻ缸ǰգֱŵӷǰٳһЩҩһ̤űεͷ 
˾պȻ׳סҽԺѾԳԺͷҪÿ컻ҩҲ˵ļʱסԾŮѱϤĵչ˾պȻ췮糣˾պȻΪҩºԡϴմϵҩա 
ʱ˾պȻ͵͵վڷ󣬵̧ͷһʱе˾պȻһ˵𣿡 
˾պȻ˵أ˫ֱӺǰȥֱ·סһ顣 
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˾պȻ˵㲻˵㿵Ϊ𣿡ʼŪ 
˵СҲǻڲ롭ţҪ˾պȻѸ·ҵͷēţһһ 
ʱȫЩվסţ˾պȻıס˵Ҫˣ˼һᡭ̲סҡҪҡѼΪ˾պȻſС죬ͷУ˱վţһʱǵ췭ظ 
˾պȻʱҲ⿪˷ǰťۣ¶˷ɫּѩ׵γɵ鹵˾պȻ˵ط罫ĳ£ûͣŷĴҵȹͷťۼڷİư£ٴ׵ؽϰȹӵڵϡ 
˾պȻʱֻаʽֳָѷӲͷȼʽСڿֳССˮգԼ仯˾պȻ찮Ϊ˱Ů֣ѿ죬˵СڲҪ 
˾պȻûᣬ˫һͬŪżӲͷʹ񱳽˾պȻϣʱ˾պȻȥ˾պȻͷʾĺΪ 
񺬺˵ҪšҪ 
˾պȻҲû˵ôڷı⿪ֵĿӣ֣ʱûֹ˴ѵͦ˵Ҫ˾պȻϸĵƷ 
˾պȻ˫û谭£Ūһ˫飬Ūʹʱš˾պȻǵϣطСչ㵽ﵫСڿڣ˾պȻҲַСѨˮˮҲſ˫ȣָʹ׵СѨڣ˾պȻָͣɦȥģʪˡ 
ϵҪͬʱϮҲõοԽָ֮࣬˵Сܹݡȴϣ˾պȻٹһЩ˾պȻŪһᣬȵˮĽһ߳Ľ˾պȻϡ 
˾պȻʱҲѹϵͳĴٽһʱͻȻĴ˵ҪǷࣿ 
ϣ㿪ʼŪ˾պȻĴһᣬʹĹͷ͵÷˵ôvŪǬ˵ɣſڱ㺬ס˹ͷºŪ˾պȻ¶񽫴Ǭ˵ԡ 
˾պȻ𣬲ҷϴ̨ϣȥϰСڿ㣬̧ķȣͷ˳ҵСѨڣȲ໥ƨɶͦ˳ƾûѨУѹˮ졣 
˾պȻͷط͸ˣѨͷɧͷε泩ޱȣò˼֮࣬ס˾պȻ˫Ⱦſô룬˾պȻһ߲ţһĶһ˫ٽϮһ˫鷿ֱʱϣʱӿһΡ 
˾պȻ˵ûңÿҲϣջ 
˵ÿ졭Ҳ㡭СԡŪ˼ҡมԡСϹ 
˾պȻһСϹͣ˵Сô 
˾պȻͻȻճǵĴһӵòйọ̈̄ҡͣԵòй޹Ŀ˵ŶҪҪͣม 
˾պȻҲû׷ȥĴʱʼģH񡰺ߺߡĿֳڲסɧ黳ƨȥܡ˵ĶͬʱŸμңÿضǿײڷСѨŪ÷ˮںͷŨʣֱ˾պȻĴٶʱŸ߰˽У 
ʹ켫ˣ˸£лйֵ˵С硭ҡ 
˾պȻĴҲû͸ɲͣܿ;ѾҪˣ˵СҡҪˡҺŶŶˡĶˡˡࡡͦƨǰôܸ룬ڽűղиеǴ֣ĥεø˫˫Ž˾պȻȫֲˮʱ˾պȻҲһǿҵҲӹ֮С 
º󣬴˾պȻγĴʱͻȻϸ˵Ҫôγ 
˾պȻ˵ 
ߵ˵˼Һֿôãֻ㡭δ˵꼺ߵϡ 
˾պȻᵽ˼εıŷֱĴ˳ 
˵__˾պȻһ§סͷǣ״ͷǣ˾պȻſڰѷͷǻ˵ʱ˴һţһ渧Էһֻ飬˾պȻвס״IŰ㣬ʱʱ⡣ 
һ³ͷңղŻû𣿡 
˾պȻЦ˵ֻһң 
˵ҲǽС𣿡 
˾պȻ˫סһЦ˵ǰǽСϹС硣 
һĬһ˵ˣ 
˾պȻ˵رС꣬ҴδңҸӳ嶯Խ˵Խ˷ܡ 
ԽԽװ˵˵ȥͻᣡ 
˾պȻҲֻ˵һԣȻܣһ˾պȻ˵㲻˵ҿѹ·ҺΪ𣿡 
˵ղŲ𣿡 
˾պȻ˵ղѹ·Լѡ 
˵ôֱ𣿡 
˾պȻ˵ֱ㻹δҽԺҳŵ 
˵ֻװлǲĹĺң 
˾պȻ˵һʣҾ㣬Ϊνһ᳤㷢̣һϡ 
˵ҪϷɻ˵𡭡 
ԵϷɻһʿʱҲûʿ죬֪МR棬˶ˣԺܿ㿪ʼRҪͷؼңֻôӦϼƳ̳㷢RֲʱŵĴϣʱΪǜRָ֮ḧ֮ȥ鷿߾ƿּ˫ֻأҺÜRûһжƳ̳ܿص˷ļš 
ҲΪ¾ᣬǿùݵģסùݣԜRùݸǻŪ÷Ҳ߳Ű벽ǣùڵķʦ㷢̣մǰĻſƭR桰ػɡʱɡСѼɡŮɡŮءСѼеʮֻ֣ͣRᱡ˵ģֱϷɻǰűءŮ 
˾պȻʱ֪ǰ˵ԺҲҪȥ˵˵û˵Ļ󹦳µĹ򣿡 
˵Ȼ˵㣡 
˾պȻ˵ĸ˵ң 
˵ùĻʦ 
˾պȻ˵ֻ˵û˵ǵĹϵ𣿡 
һ˵˵ǵĹϵ 
˾պȻ˵ǵĹϵҲҪ˵ٴڷߣʱЦǺǡ˾պȻ˫ͣڷ۵ǰưڷ۵ϴ 
߳˵СŪңҪˣ 
˾պȻѷĻ߷磬Ц˵Сزִ 
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˾պȻڷ˵Сɡ 
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˾պȻڷ˵СҪС㲻˵ǾǴӦôʱӦˣ񶼻ֻ˾պȻĴӲѵֽ˷۰˵Ĺɹ˾պȻĴһ缷뷮н˫֮䣬ڵĸо񱻹̻ȵĹֱӶԼѨĦͷڴȼ룬ڲдһ֧ӲӲĶڲϳ鶯Ĳǣͣ΢΢˦ͷ֬е̵ġ 
˾պȻĴ֪򷮱СѨֻͦ˵У岻΢Ť岻ԾȥӭǸڴʱ⴫˾պȻлȻУ 
ͻ״÷һʱ֪룬Ҫ˾պȻ֪ΪǺˣ˾պȻЦ˵СǻҪҪ 
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˾պȻŷȫ¶Ľ׷ŹûлشԶVţһֵۡ󣬷ֻ˵㣬ٲ㡣æԡŲˮΣŴ·š 
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˾պȻı˵𣿡 
ߵ˵һڼ䣬ÿҲϴ·ͺ㱧һ 
˾պȻǷ˵ԴÿҲ㣬ϣչ 
˵ңɻ£ 
˾պȻ˵ʵ˵Ҳ룡Ѵ˽춸ŷһУҲһԣ˾պȻİ 
˵ҪˣСң˼ĺ࣬ᡭ̲סг 
˾պȻסߣ˵ұ㲹㡣 
סСԽԽ֪šҲˡ΢΢ͦظİ 
ڸ߽һ£ߵ˵ѹ𣿡˵뿪˾պȻĻӣ·һȫѵʣһڿʱ˾պȻһѴӺס 
˾պȻǹģĴýס֫Ҳסѹ÷ǳ˾պȻЦ˵ڿЧ͡ 
˾պȻŵϣ֧򦣬ס˵㿴ô˼ôطûû 
˾պȻסߣ˵ĸš 
һһ㽫˾պȻסķmһһ´ϣ˾պȻ׵ؽסĴŷڿ㣬СѨϼѹ̲סڵ˵С 
˾պȻ˵С㲻ҪɣҺ˵Цɣ 
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˾պȻ÷ϢĻᣬϽͷڷ֮䣬һ࣬˷СѨŷһ˫Ū 
ȫ鷿СѨ˾պȻ׾ݣֵüֱҪ죬СѨϵ죬£ʱͷˮϣֱ 
˾պȻˮݷḻһ̣ȻʪһƬָͷƤſᴥǶӹˮø࣬ͷŶͣβͦ˵һ߳ˡ 
˾պȻſϣ˵ĽסѨڣĹͷţһ紥Уʱܱȫ 
ִı˵㲻Ҫĥ˼ҡβǰһͦ 
춷񾭹һθ߳ڻʮУԽľһһŵģʹ˾պȻĴ˱ˬޱȣʮá 
˾պȻһ嵽ף㲻˵С 
˾պȻ㿪ʼͷɣÿһ¶ֱ嵽ף÷нһ˽һ˵ĿУܿٵõһθ߳ 
˾պȻǰһ飬ÿ³סн鲨ÿĴСѨʱˮ 
˾պȻּӣµķӭ֪Ҳ࣬ټӿ칥ƣƬ̣һһɵȾֱӹȥͬʱһĹͷ 
񲻽³һ˵ҪСϹľҺɣɣ࣬ҪСϹһ𶪡 
˾պȻշйϣЦ˵㲻ǽСϹղŽΡ 
ס˵۸˼ңСϹСϹ˵ߵ˫档 
˾պȻƱסĴַڷԲѩ׵˵СС񣡡ٽ 
˾պȻֻɫ̸һƬ׵̺죬Ľ㣬߽գֱ˾պȻ˾պȻûϸĴǰλɫ޼ˣǧľɫ̺һ˿ҡ֬ѩϸ@ĳ壬ǶԱͦ鷿ߣ㵭˱Ƕ˾պȻ飬ٴνѹ£캬סǽ̺Ŀɰͷһֻסͦ˵飬۽˵ʲô 
˾պȻ˷ϾĶͷһ£˵ⲻ֪𣿡 
ߵæϣ˵治 
˾պȻϸָֿĿˮ۾˵ѵ㲻ϲ𣿡 
˾պȻʳָĲ뷮СѨУ˵˾պȻֱֻ˾պȻýޡκ죬ӣ使תššŶŶѱʪʱ˾պȻٴξٴδ̽ҹٴս˼ٻغϡ 
˾պȻһԵķ٣ԡͻȻ򿪣ֻϺˮɫ¿һԡΧϣϸչݹኣ˾պȻ˵Сţ糿 
㽿˵С˵Ը㣡 
˾պȻ֪üյĵת˵Ϊôô𴲣 
˵ҹŪ˼ȫЩԱЩԡɧš 
˾պȻ´һס֣ӲҪԡң˵ٺϴһ˰ɣ 
ڰư£Ѻ˾պȻ߽ԡң˾պȻһ§סͷǣҲܾڸ߽Ÿӣʱཻǵ쳣ҡ 
˾պȻּĵǰ׼ԡæֹƿµĴӲ𣬱˵ɻ£ 
˾պȻ˵ֻɣ 
˵ҹΣڻҪƤҺúýѵסĴŪ 
˾պȻãȥʱ˵㲻˼ҡ 
ſеĴٽ⿪ϵĴԡõֽԡϵϣһ־ǰŪһᣬ㽫Χ²׸˾պȻȻСڿ㣬ʱϳ˴ԡûջȫ˾պȻһһ򷮱񣬵ûޣӭǰ 
˾պȻ˵Ĳ 
˵Ȼǣǵ׼ 
˾պȻһ󣬱˵ϷСףһľȥ˵Сʹթ 
˾պȻûᣬѩ׵ʱҲ˳ӦٶȽԡƣ˾պȻԼġֱһȫ¶˾պȻ㾡Ʒκһݡ 
˾պȻƷ귮飬ľٴȥŷ鹵ССѨϮʱᡢ˵㡭㲻ԡ˴ҡ 
˾պȻ˵ûȥ㡣 
һתŻԲѩ׵˾պȻͬʱСѨˮһ⻬񱳣վǱ鷮񱳣ʹ糺һ߽һ˵ҪңǡҡҡϵڷϵĴԡҲڵϡ 
˾պȻӺıŷ񣬰ư͵ؽ˾պȻǺ͸Ҳʼ˾պȻĴ 
һ˾պȻľٴ½Ǳ鷮ѩ׵ΣҲ˫ַԡأŻԲ˾պȻԸ롣 
˾պȻ׵؁׾˷СѨֿڲõŪܿ˸߳һ˵ˮֱ˾պȻûͣȥ򷮱ľţʹ񷢳ԸСꡢϲõĽǴϢUܲ㡭ô˻ѽҡҡҪˡ 
˾պȻ͵þһʱȥ򷮱ľţһʱȥ˱ҧŷСѨСѨһһ˳ȹ̵ˮĺꝰٶȿëѾˮŪʪܵľһŽ㣬ȫϵĲɻΣѩ̧þߣҸ׵ʳζŨֹˮ 
˾պȻ׳ͦĴѹڷϣ޳ỬϸĴȣοĿУʹ÷ǵݣֱ˾պȻǳͦӲͦĴĥţëڏPĥзɳɳ 
˾պȻ˵СҪҪҲȥ 
˵ҪҲȥַ˾պȻĴѹͷסţĥȥ 
˾պȻ˵СҪҵĴ𣿡 
˵£ߺȻܣһᣬ˵㲻𣿡 
˫ְԡأԲΡ֪˾պȻҪŪţ˵Ҫһ㣬˼һԹ 
˾պȻַմ˷ʪҺĴͷľţҪȥˡ 
˾պȻһֻ̣ͦһ׳ĴѾûκ谭Ĳ뷮խޱȵĺУʱҲӴมʹʹ 
˾պȻһæʣʹ𣿡 
ҡҡͷ˾պȻ飬ٻʮСĸſѣСҲͨ˾պȻ˵Σ 
˵һԼӿٶȡ 
˾պȻ𽥼ӿ鶯ֻǻĳ޲ʣǿʼӿٶȳ 
еԼzľﱻһִȵĂⷣһݵĳʵкǸ̷һĽѩ͵ؾŤǰСѨҲˮֱʣƬ̣ˮֱ 
񽿵ĽУมˬˣСܻ㡭塭㡭ú 
˾պȻٿϽްĽһһθ߳ 
񶪵ˬ죬˫ַ֧סβø߷˾պȻĳ塣 
˾պȻضŷĥ㻺ת˾պȻֻǰ˱һΧ˱һ˵ĿϮͷдĽѹõɽ̰ӿһ籩Ŀͣ÷ȫҲޱȼٽţˡҪ 
ֻȫһķԡأСѨһȵŮӿֱϣ˾պȻһ󼱶ƾ˾պȻµĴļѹ˱֮£Ҳ̲סǹ泩Уһһɹ̵ľҺȱꝺˮ˷̵ֱ÷ȫ鴤˿ͣ 
˾պȻһεľҺҲע뷮ֱŽγڵذϣվסҲڵذϣ㽫ʱʻʢšķŵĴϣΪΧϴΧ 
ʱ۰뿪һ̲ȫˮߵͶ˾պȻĻ˵СܻÿζŪ˼ȫʱͺΪ˼ҵľҲˡ 
˾պȻûлشֻεţӣСҲ΢ţӭͷʱཻǵ쳣ҡ 
һ˾պȻŷſ˵ղŲ˵𣿡 
ߵ˫棬ҡͷ˵˾պȻ˵ϧղѹ·һԺĽڡ 
ſ˫ֻ֣ᱧסġס˵СǴβǽ˼ѵһ˿ң֪˼᲻㣬޷԰ΣϷŪң 
˾պȻ˵Ұ㣡ֱԶ 
˾պȻ˵ٸ˿˿ģ˫ȦӣСͬʱס˫ 
˾պȻæס࣬һƷۣһϰֻǰȴɵذŲý˾պȻԼ顣 
ã˵ҪŪҰɣʱ䲻ˣҪǸְ֪ҵķҹΪ顣 
˾պȻ˵ֻ÷ŷԡԡܵ˾պȻŮʽԡһᣬķ⴫˾պȻС鷳Ȼ𴲣һͬ㣬ҽԺɣ 
˾պȻ˵ɵĺ£ 
˱ҴҵĴ·󣬵㣬˾պȻ費ʱŷʮΪ顣 
òù󣬷˾պȻҽԺһ·ϷǹǵѾĸĸ֪ʹ˾պȻ˾ţ֮Ūַա




24Ƶ 

תۼȥµѧֿʼˡ 
ѧĳĩ֪ǷһӣΪҶͺӱʫλνҪϯǵϲ磬ӱʫҪͬĸɵгϯ磻Ҷֻ絫æ춻ؼױҶҪɢϯᣬصõһ磬úõϧֵϰαϡ֣ 
ʱţܿҹùź󣬱ݳϸҶָľƵȺ 
˲ãҶɾƵĴôҴҲҶʱһɫȹչõΡ 
Ҷٶĳڣ˵Щɣ 
˵Ϊô 
Ҷ˵뿪˵ɣ 
ݳ뿪Ƶ꣬˵˵ɣ 
Ҷ˵ҰְֺҪ㣬˵˵Ĺϵԣұ͵͵˳ԭҶİְֺ貢֪ѣнһЩҶ˵ѣҶİְֺϣѡ 
ҲЦҶӣŵɫ˵Ҫôɣʱ磬ȥҹɢɢİɣ 
Ҷ˵ȥ￴ҹ 
ûлشɽʻ˰ɽãԶһƬյأĳӱʻƬյأһȥһƬžڿɽߴѳͣ££һ¶Ҷζ磬ʱΪ֮һˬһڵҹɫ۵ס 
Ҷڳͷٵҹɫʮɫ޺ȫиɫʡ 
Ҷҹ£ڳң黰ࡣ 
Ҷ˵ӱʫ𣿡 
˵ûǵһˡ 
Ҷ˵ôĿģ 
˵ֻͷٵҹɫκͼ 
Ҷ˵Ҳţ 
˵Ų㣬˵ʵǰΪĹϵģԣҲŴ淢ʵҲǵĽֻҪǲ뿪ңҲչһһ 
Ҷס˵˭㣿 
˵㲻ţҴϣа취š 
ҶŰɣĴϣǳһ˷ԣһҲխ 
Ҷ˵ô취š 
˫ֽ˵ıоҵĳ𣿡 
Ҷ˫ΧĲӣ˵뻵 
һ£˵ио𣿡 
Ҷ˵ɣ 
˵ҾͶһ⡣ 
ҶӣҶغ۾ԸеС漴ΪſȫѰ㹦򣬱С 
ƺر𼤶˴˲һϣҶסͷȥʱסͷ˱ʱǻòŪ˷ѵ 
ҲܲסѰҶ鷿УҶûֹΪΪ 
һһдУǸֺ·Ҷ鷿ŷӲͷ̽һҶ˵̰Ѹ⣬úϧĶ硣 
Ҷߵ˵¸˿ĳ⡣ 
ٶ뿪ʻɽźͻȻ꣬ĳлͣ·ԣ³鳵ӣһỹδ޺ãԣֻ߻سϣȻɡʪ 
Ҷ˵ҿҲ޲óӣ취һǳ˼Ƴ̳ᣬԶʮְ󣻶ҸղżǰһƵ꣬ǿԵסһٷ᣻ڳ˯һҪһ 
Ҷʪ͸˵ʪȥƵϴ˵ɣҶƵ 
˷Ҷ˵Ϊô˾ƵһֱҺ棿 
Ҷ˵¸˿㵽Ƶ꿪 
˵£ǵĶ硣ʱ绰һ֪Ǻӱʫ硣 
˵ӱʫô£ 
绰кӱʫ˵֪ڸô㽫ɽҶٵƵ꿪˵һ顣 
ӱʫ˵ԭǺͿ磬һҪúòң˵㽫绰Ҷ 
Ҷ˵ӱʫô£ 
ӱʫ˵ͿΪҶһˡ 
Ҷ˵Ҳ磬 
ӱʫ˵ôˡ 
Ҷ˵ǰУ˼ңûôԭҶ绰ʱӺĴֿʼߡ 
ӱʫ˵Ҳǣټߡ 
Ҷµ绰˵˼ûзͷ˼ҡ 
ûлشӣҲʼȥҶףһȴûֹףһɫĵģɫּϡ 
˫ּāҶһ˫鷿һһŵţǵĶ䣬ʱڶ˯qwҶͣɵɵĺδ㣬һֻ͵͵ҶȹڣҶʱָԽڿ㿪ʼСѨСѨڳˮҶָܵȥŪСѨ;ţˮͣ 
Ҷڰư±ߣһ㽫ƵڴϣҶڴͷס˵ţϹܻô걬˼ҡٶȽϵɷ˵ϴѹҶϡ 
Ҷ˵ʲôѹҿϢˣ 
һְ§ţһּǼɫĵĵؿλȥҶͳ˵ҪѾֱϣҲµϣ̶⿪ֵĿӣҶһʱ¶ڿУвѰҶȹͷһץһ֮䣬Ѿ⿪ˣֽȹ͵ĳҶȴϵȥûͣҵҶĿͷৡİµȸȻѶϡ 
˫ִҸ˽ȥһһס壬޼ɵذҶͷ 
ҶЦһ˵ҪͷٷӲԼ֪Ĵٷ 
㱳˵оӲҪҺҪ㡣 
Ҷ˵˺ҪôҪҵͷܲ˰ţǡΪʱͷ⣬ҶϣͷѹɵԽСڿСѨҪͷʱȥŪҶľţ˲ҶͿʼˣҪ򡭡ͣѽ㲻ҪˡϹҪŪˡ 
ʱҶСѨˮ죬ϵŤ壬СѨţҪݺݵĲٲ룬ȴ˼䣬ֻúߺߺߵĴĵ治ѽ 
Ҷĵͷ桭 
˵벻Ҫѽ 
Ҷ˵롭롭 
Ҷſڴϣߣڳ˵ƣϽǰʽɫСڿ㣬ڿѸˮŪʪ͸ë֡ 
Ҳ׵ؽ⿪Сڿ㣬ڴϣҶСѨ۷죬Ƭ΢΢ţһЩˮȻŶŪСѨ֣ǰȫĴˣҲܲסæѹ 
ĴҶСѨմմһһͦ৵һӴ˽ȥ 
ҶͻȻ˵һ˫۵ɴﲻɵáѽһгĴҪһӾͶҶӹҶһӇζ 
ʵǰɷҶ嵽ףٲ嵽ףÿһ¶صģҶ 
ˣùͷͣڽȥָڵĵط̵ĹͷһסǵطҶͻȻںһͨĸо˲һϮҲ޷˼һ˳á֡㡭ͣͣѽһġĻġҡѽͣ 
סǵطùͷͣسĦҶеĵطҶץǵڣȻ׷ŹһͦһͦĲϵسĦоҶ嶶ԽԽŽУѽѽҪѽϹϹҵĺϹ㡭ҪѽҡһġĻġҡϹҺˡѽܲˡ 
ҶؼסĴҲϢҶСѨʹˮϵҶû㱻Ūʧķ˰ġѽѽҽС 
ͻȻı˽࣬籩ĳ壬һҶҡͷԣСû20£֪ҶѽһХ°һһȻй 
ڵʱͻȻҶϵһһе˱Լǰ˫ԣߺҽУҲ̲סˣݺݵһӶӹڣĴŨȫҶڣҶйرУ̵ľҺһͷһƫȻڸ߳л˹ȥҶԼҲ֪˶ٸ߳ 
֪˶ãҶתѹ§ޱȵĸ·¡㡢֡ڿ㡢˿࣬ɢҵغ·ѻһ󣬱СȭͷشŽ˵ÿҲŪ˼ȥθŪһ赹滵 
˵ղҲ˺ܶˮܵӡ 
Ҷ˵ߴϣޱȵ޿ɲ޿ɵŽ˵Ҳ˵˼һСһ 
˵˵Լ˵ɣ 
Ҷװ˵ҾһСޣǬΪֹӲĴȻƤ飬žĴĴһ£ǺЦһ£ʵʱҶСѨٶˮҪĴֹҶַĴ׼ԼһƨȥǰµľҺˮԡ󡱵һĴĩ롣 
Ŷͬʱ˷ܵĽ˳ƽſƯԸеҶԼһһ˶ţҺ̫࣬εδĶϣҶζѩ׷壬ʵ鷿һһĲţҶɧԼ˫飬ϸСҡǰɸ̣ÿһ´һ嵽ףҶ;ԼСѨġ 
ϵҶԸкС΢΢һͷŨڵĳڿƮݣҶ쳱һַֹɵı飬ҶϸԽŤԽ죬ԲĴƨһһ䣬ĿԼĴҶСѨķ۵һһϵģȻϵüͷһְѷصѹĸ;ҶһɹʪȵҺ塣 
߳йҶû䣬ϸ߬ס¶ĴµŪţմҶҺԶܹ⻬ҶԼ鷿鹵סĴزŪĥתţĴմŴҺһŪҶ鷿ϻģŪһҶſ˱ǳĴͷסĴٵ˱Ūš 
˵ұ𣬵һڹ԰ҿڽҶлֻϸĵĴ 
ͻȻѴҶǿų֣ԽԽȵϢУƵòſͺֻſһ϶εذԽԽҶҲ̲סشڴʱĴҲԸزȻҶæҧסǰˣг֮һĴɹ룬ҶŽ׵ıݼ䣬ҧŴ 
һʱ֮䣬Ҳ˰ҶպͶͷҶһ֮󣬲΢أĴӲؼһ㣬ңҧȥƺǿɶĴһҧǰ㣬Ȼʹ죬ȴʹִֵǰͦҶҲҧסĴӲǲԽ׳һ 
۶ƺ뿴˴˵Ƭ֮󣬻ҶŻطɣĴһЩȻ̧ԹؿһۣȻȻһɣ׵ǴִڿǻڣʹҶƯеΣغסʼسʱҶһƺ쳣ʹһѾ׼Ҷһ嵽סȫϷ 
̽ŽĴҶĺܣÿֻҪһڣҶ㷢ѹʹҲҹⶥ˶ĺͷֲϷȻºͣ˶ĹͷһαһθǿıȺ춻Ҷü秡DУӲؼǿʺȻֻ˰ŹͷǷ񱻳ѿľʹԼֻȸУѾҶ۵ᣬҵҡҪӿֻȴڴʱһĴײҶĺỺذѴ˳һ㣬ҶȴٴνסȫԼԸСڡ 
ԼĴԼֻʣһ¶棬֪ҶܳܵļޣؿۿʼסѸٵزͣţ񾭽ˣǸϢĿģҶһֱϵ˫Ҳ֤ѾٶıԵҲʹ㼱سӲĴ 
סҶʺ¹ʿ˲䣬˱ǺͿȲֹǾҵĿԺͼȵĺ˺һ֮ƽϢҶֿ֧ЩϢĴ˵⻵ÿҲŪȥ 
ҶηҪܿŭɶĴ˿޷ܿؿǰϺɫһۣȻ㲻ſԸе˫غסǰ˲ݣ˼ֺ֮ಿݣƺ׳䣬ҽߴȫԽǺŴԼ֮һĴ̧ͷú˷ܵס 
һҶ¶ֹ˳ѱǰνޣȻǺẒ̌ȴɶ³ڿе飬ʼϸĵ𡢽ҵߴͷת·čʱԼҶˮĴʱֲ֧ܵĪĹһ㣬Ҷҡףҡ϶£ʵķ˺ôĹ򣬲 
ҶҲ֪ǷȤģۿҶֻСظԼϿ任ƣֻºܿҪжæֹҶ˵ϴҿСѨ 
Ҷɵϴȥŷֿſ棬һ߼ҡһߺؽصش¶ǰדU˵รѨôôСôƯô 
ҶדŤΡ 
֪Ҷֻ̰ذͷѩ˵ĽʵΣҲٴǻһƫ㿪ʼҶĴڲ࣬ÿȵĴش֮ʱ˶ĽضѣҲִ˲ƣصҿܶʼҶڲࡣ 
Ҷ³еĴ˵ǶvҪ򣡡ûķԣҲûСѨľҺͷͣѨŰʱһαһξãʪҶҲ̲סˮ 
ҶҡڵΣϳڵʢȻһţؽ˶ǷۺɫѨֹˮʱҶҧһ㣬Ĳ֪ںЩʲô°Ҳת͵Ȼ㷢ҶѾ̣һйעĴʱİӣˮɢҶǷƲ軨ζ֪ʱ̣ʼ̰˱ҶϱˮĴݣҶĸ߳ܵسȥֱ˫ŷ˻е۷͵һϢſΪֹ 
δֹͣ˱£ҶڱµĿУΪ˳Ҷ壬Ȼ𣬱ŮµԺѸҶ֮䣬ԴҶʱλν޾Ȼĸ̧˫ȣ˫ֽԼѩ׶޳ȷ¶һӭ˲̬ھõ磽⣬սʪܵĶѨϸعƬխСʹСԺ˫ְ⿪ʹҶѨһ뿪ķۺɫǾޱǲˮ˸ΪǶֱѨ֮˼ջޣԵדѨѨ 
˵ʼָͷȥ̽ҶĶѨǻȥ̽ǳʩչǳһĳ뿪ڣȻָͷٵתֱҶѨһ׵Сڿ֮ĴͣٶȶҶչҵ˱ҧʱҶĺߺѣŸ߾ٵ˫ȣԴ°ѨŬ²ϴͷ 
ҶߵİָͷɲĳͷҲһ֮󣬲ſҶٶˮĵѨԼǿſʼ̽ͷ̽ԵС˵ҪҪٸ߳һΰ 
Ҷſ˵ţรҪˣ 
ǰ˫ŭʡŴŵ壬˶ǰԹƬ֮˵ң벻Ҽȥ 
ȼŵҶ䲻⣬һʱ֮Ҳ֮󣬲߲ѶųصӦô˼ң⡭˼ô˵ 
һ汧סҶŵ˫ȡһ潫ͷ׼Ѩ˵㲻˵ҪҵСΪôẦߣ 
ҶһɵˣDԵͬʱڵϸһǰPɱ 
һҶûзӦͷɵĥһҶֱôĵˮ 
ֻ֪ҪټһӣҶһ˵һЩˣͷѸһ֮ϱ˳ܹݵַؽŵҶէ}ʧļ£ò˳ 
ҲҶĶ˵ǾͿҰɣҪٴθ߳ 
ʱҶҲ˲ʲôˣĸ§˵šҡҡܲˡЩɡҡҡǡСޡҪܶ࡭ܶ࡭θ߳ 
Ҷ˿ؿ˵Щɡҡҡ 
Ҷ˫΢΢̧ƨɣʪȥӭ˼£ûҵλãҶҲ˲ŮӣִԼȥסĴȻǵһĴҶһ˶ĹͷԼţҶſ֣Ҳ̲סˣһ֧ûҶխڣҶˮģ޴ĳߴ磬ǺͦģҶҲ˹Ӧһ˫޳̲ϣӭĳͲתײߺ䤱춽ܵؽһ𡭡 
֪˶ٸơҲ˶ٴΣɴͷɵβɴβ¼Ƹ꣬Ȼشϵ𽵹һδεľ߳һδεʹйԭҵ͸߿ĽдѾתΪɳƵŶ 
̧ӣָץҶһСţҶ˫ֱԼڴϣһƽŵĽǶȴȵĳ壬ÿζıԵִĲȥͷҶʷʹĹ۵ԼĴڲϵĳ룬Ҷʪ󡱺̡̡͡ˮԼγĴѾˮһƬëҲѾմһƬƬҶˮ 
ҡϹҶƽڴϣ˫ֱֱͷ̻࣬¶ӭϵĳ壬һһϵĴ̼ҶʱѾǻ֣Ĳһ˽һˣǿҵĳײоҶ·һУֻǲϵŤϸСͷţССıǼ߳һϸϸܵĺ飬ԲС°ͦţװϸϸĲɫѪԼɼǰһԷǰĲţ鷿һԷۺСͷʱѾӲӲͬʱĽ۷ۺ죬һ˵ĽͲ 
ˡϹҪˡҪСޡҶ˫ֽ§סĲӣ˫Ҳŵߵ䣬װ׵ĳȼסĳͻζţļⲻϵĳ鴤ĹĴ·һʪů⹿Ĵسͣͬʱϵķ˷ܵճҺ 
ҶϵĶ£ǰδеĸ߳ѾϮȫһҵĸоԴлǰһжģģֻﲻϵ˷ܴ̼;ȫصŲϵʹϢҶӲϲϵŤ촽۵ϲţ¾Ÿ߳˷ܡ 
Ҳ§˷ܵĽҶҶĽ¾ĳŴҶʪĸоͷĸоϴ̼˷ܵ񾭣ֻ֪׷ǿҵĴ̼Ҷ˫ȵĲƨɣʪϼײһճ̵춶ҶʹϢиԵӷŵ 
Ϲšˡ׽һҵĲ˫˫ŽĲϣӲĴһֻҶϻĶţûа취壬Ĵϵĳ鴤һĽαǼ˿˿ģȵ촽ϵ촽ʹϢͣ߻ص 
Ҷ§סʱҶǿҵĸ߳§סڴ̼Լ˶ŲҶĦҶ߳вϳ鴤Ȼûг鶯ҶʪֹɵĲͬоǿҵĴ̼ 
ҶϢĶ˵Ϲҡš 
ҲıҶһ˫鷿ϣҲҶϰܸ߳ϡ 
ӵϢҶſ˵ϹҽãСޣô군㻹δ¡ 
ҶǣĶ˵СɵϣõģֻѸһΣԣô־ãƽʱ㸩׳Ƴ 
Ҷ˵㲻ҪοҲ˵ 
˵ҿԷġδ˵꣬ѱҶӣϣ˱չһֵġ֮ս 
ϢŷֿҶ˵Ҳ𣿴Ϣһᣬ 
˵Ҳˣˣ 
ҶҲеԵ˳ 
Ҷſ䣬ְ˫鼷һס۶Ȼöãٴΰأأֱ㽫鹵ȥΰסǳų弸£ҶСſͷ˫飬ʱСڡֱӲ³ͷҶͷ˵Ӳˣš 
ҶſڴϣԲѩ׵ƨɣСѨڻˮֳ⡣ 
ָմЩˮḧҶĸ˵𣿡 
ſŵҶתͨӣߵĵ˵ͷ 
ͷҶѩ׵Σ˵𣿿Ծ˵ɣ㲻˵ô֪أ 
Ҷ˵Ϲ롭ҡŰɣ˵㺦ߵѸٱͷȥ 
ͷⶥҶĸϣ 
ҶҧԼָ˵šššáมš 
һⶥסҶĸţɵ˽ȥ̶̵һͷͣҶĸڱڡ 
ôһŪҶˮˮֻҶġšһ㽫ҶΣౡһҶӸɧ˽в춶 
ҶϰжסŤҡڣ˵šˬšٽȥһ㰡š 
һҵºסҶ鷿˵ŻҪ𣿡 
Ҷ˵ššҪɡ 
סţ˵Ҫأ 
Ҷƨɸ߸ɧĵ˵塭塭ŵġŰɡӚĲ塭ɡ 
벻ҶҪ˵ţҪҪȥ 
Ҷ˫סԼƬΣһ֣΢΢ſӚɣ㡭 
ָҶСѨһһʪɧˮͿĨѵϡôҪҾ͸ɣַҶַӲͦĴҶĺСѨ롣 
ҶһȻ¶൱ʹı顣ͻƲӣ춽ĲҶĸţʹѵСҶβһ 
ҶͣҶҡķΣ˵ԡʼˡҡɰɡš 
Ľ˳һЩЩĲ룬ؽһʼԷŴ󡣷˺ܶκһγһҲ롣 
ҶһšΪǹʹĲҶĸţǼжϵĽ 
ҶʹԼϰּѹԼ鷿˵һ㡭١һ㡭ҡһҪһ㡭š 
ҿճһֻץסʦճ飬˵มţסһ 
ͷҶɢҵĿҡͷģ˵úѽѽš 
šáááһġȥš 
ٴμӿ˲صٶȣ˵šйˬйɣҲҪˡ 
ð̫ˡҪҪϹһҪޡϹ 
˫ץסҶβҡεĴߴҶ˵ιţҪŤƨɰŤɣ 
ҶշԸŤʹõĴ̼ͬʱҲӸ߰ңˡ̲סˣޡййˡҪйˡѽѽѽ 
ĶԽԽҶĸžȻĸ߳ԣġౡ죬Ҷĸһµ 
ţҿҪˡ 
Ҳй˰ˬ 
š˰ 
ĴҶ壬˸źͬʱһĳ鴤ҶĴͬʱҲҶĸ˹ǿľҺ 
Ҷͬʱד̾ͬһĸ߳С 
Ѿ侫ĴɵҶԣĴϢšҶԵԭأ۾ڴڵĴβʱһ΢΢𶯳鴤˴ȵ屻ҺһƬۣźܹĻָ 
ʱҶСֻҶ͵͵Ĵѽ̫ˡûôѽûйϵо񡭡ššҶͷһڽս̽УϵĲա 
÷սָԪĲҶĿڼҶʱɧģ 
Ҷ֮ʣһףƺ׿ԭԽĺ߼֣һʪСѨ˲׳ 
ߣšƽôšŪҰ졭ҿɲôסšŹġš 
Ҷ˫ѹؿϣȫ²ŤҡΣβ˵ķ⣬ʵ˵ 
Ҷһ߰ǰأһ˵˵ʲôŹҵ鷿š 
һץסŵ鷿ţֲָͣͷ 
ðҺš򡭡ɡ 
Ҷ˵ǰ΢΢ͷ΢΢һ̧㺬סҶͷȻʱҶебȻ̰ҡָ˳»Ҷѩ׵ɽɽĹɹС 
ͻȻҶ˷ܵĺһԭָҶԽĸţҶеķӦ㽫ָҶĸſ 
ҶıͻȻøӵʢһֵʳָҶĸ˵ţɣ 
ššҺҶͦţѹβ£ֱֱµ׶ʹָܹĸţѨܵá 
šð㰡 
ššҲǺðϹ 
ޡŶŶһлŮһδŮŵļһ༤԰߳ 
ҾҪˡҪˡһ𶪰ɡȥҰ㡭ˡˡ 
ɣҪȾ 
زҶСѨ쳣ܵİУˬ궼ƴĳ۳ңʹؽȫעҶСѨڣҶȫɹһҹ֮ɱŮϵֱǱȵɻˡ 
ϲسϰעҶѩ϶ɧҺ壬ɢҵͷҶȫ̱ˣⶴҲųˮһֱϡ 
̰ĵĽѾʼĴ͵ҶǰҪҶҶһۣſС죬£ˮˮԵڶǣͷҶǬŴС˳ 
Ҷҡ󱬷һ԰Ҳǲ׸߳˼Σʪܡ壬۶ؽߣӱ§Ҷ˫ֱַסһ鷿Ҳ˯ˡ




25׽ 

ҶŪһҹ۵ú˯һԣҶȴ֪ȥĿһҶȻڷ䣬֣룺һȴȥˣԡȥ 
ԡʱԡԡڷǣһᣬԡڱ㴫ҶһᣬҺܿ 
˲ãһԡŴ򿪣漴Ҷϴ֡ڿôԡΧϣѩ׵¶ֵļһ˫ȡ 
ǰ§Ц˵һȥˡ˵һ¡ 
Ҷ˫ỷ̧˼һˣȴ˯úԣұȥԡϴȥϵա 
˵Ϊôһϴ 
Ҷ˵һŪңֻԽϴԽv 
һᣬ㲻˵ô϶һ˵һ߽Ҷǽߡ 
ҶеĴѶСϣֲ֪⣬˵ô 
˵뿴ǷϴϵգҶϵĴԡȻҶţóʣһֵĽնߴԡ 
Ҷֻ˫ֽ滤һ鷿γһ鹵˵𣿡 
˵һҶֵļ£뱭ʽֲסķ۰ֱϸʼ¶޵Ρ 
Ҷ˵˲Ҫ 
ûлشһֱ쵽Ҷϸڿ࣬ŪģһֻС쵽ϣɵָһֱزŪڿŰ˼£͸оһЩˮ͸ˡ 
ʱҶѿʼϢң֪ԼķӦҲN. 
Ҷ˵㵱ôˣ 
װ˵˵Ҫô˫һֱҲ׾ҶҪʹСѨͣطڳˮ 
Ҷ˵š 
˵ұϹԣҪú㣡 
ĶҶĴֻ촽˱µĶȴͷȹҶıȻûоʹ㣬촽ҶĶǡ۾磬һֱ׻ϣ鹵Ҷ˫أٽһ 
ûзͷ֮䲻ͣġ򡱣ҶͷʱȥҶ壬Ҷʤֻķƿ󲿵вҹ£ŶŶšҶֻΪ 
ҶͷȻӲȫԾǬѷӲͷֹΪŮֶݡ 
뿪Ҷز½Ҷ֪һϮĿ꣬ǱϽ˫Ȳ׵óʣ;УĴ̾ʱ˫೷룬Ҷеźܿչһֹơ 
ҶĴһᣬҶδзʳٶҧڿСһҶڿһ£СѨͬʱ¶С㹻ռ룬ʱҶСѨһŤȽ̶СѨڲͣŪˣСõȫʤ 
ҶСѨҲʧȥ˴Ŀɧˮƨɡδδ𡱵䵽ϣҲôúõظһ 
ĹңҶһһˮ׽ͷ˵Ϲ𡭡١ġ̲ס 
ָͣΪģָֻһȥοҶСѨ 
šһҶĺ촽ͷٴα׾ݣ鷿Ҷ˲䶼ȥ 
Ҷ춺ֻܷʹҶƴ뽫ÿ忪ʼܴŤ񷢳˵ 
Ҷ֪ǿȵֶͷģԼ廹ŪķӦ 
뿪ҶȱڴڵشϢţ֮ͦǶϴŵѾˬ˰ɣ 
ҶѾûȥϣʵԼҲ֪ȥ˵ʵĴȴͰҶȫһӽס 
ҶŵŤ֫ӱպһӿѹĴСԲС㻹𡭡 
͸ҶģûӲţšҲǿġԼҪסš 
Ҷһ֪ǿЩͷѵԼļֲסΪΪ 
ͻȻסҶһҶͱ̧µĿ϶̱סֻϥѾҶ򿪵˫ȶסǰǽڣҶֻֻż⻹ڵϣȫάϵֻżϡγҶ屻̧˫ȷֿϵ̬ҶµġΣ 
Ҷ⧲ȫ֧ǼͦĴϣƬ۴̱سſ̵ľ޴ͷխǿҵĿͬʱϛ_ͷ 
ҶһУѽż⡣ 
Լסšûг׷ֻǵҶĶߵ 
Ҷֻͦ壬ִĹͷԻ۶Իӵؽס۶ڣߵ۴޷պϡ 
Ҷһĺ⡣ 
ҶŪ̬ܽӺһҶ׼ʹƣһԼż֧ŲסԼȫҲԶĴԼ۶ڡңȡЦҶ˵ûǿȣҶ۶ġ 
ҶּƴŤĽơ 
ŲæȽҶ޳ȴſֽסҶϸ֫סҶ壬СʹȵѹҶѹĻ 
Ҷżŵظʹͽ͵ȫ޷ѡŤУҶܽӵһĹͷּ̽ѾҺķǳ󻬵СѨСҶŵøϽֹͣ޳˫ȣִֹֻͣͷļͦס޷˵ܽӵ̬ 
ѾҶʡĴѾͻƵһߣ۵Ƭ۴εرߣ̵ִĹͷܵضѹСѨڣⱻȽŴĽӴĦѾԽֻкĲˡ 
οƾ棬˵ܰšֻҪԼͦסǾǿİš 
Ҷּȴֽѣ˵ֲֻ̬üýż⼫ά̬ƾד 
Ҷһ˫ȱŪеһ˫ȣխ۶ζִѹȣҶæʶ𡣵ѾһɢȫǱĹ⣬ҲѾŪʪġ 
Ҷ֪ȥضԸĴСѨ鼱²һеģʸϣ˫ֹĲӣļͷϣ޳ʵȽϣҶõϢĻᣬʵĴСѨڣͷɫǡҲû׵طŹ 
˫ҶϸֻҶ˫ҲֵҶβšţĶϸ˵ţƤð׺รָĴָеˡ 
Ҷ۶һƷҶּȴĽ̬һ߶ٴοʼϮҶطٶȽ쵽鷿ϣСɵͷǷһأͷֵĵ粨λɵץסļ硣 
Ҷ۴ѾƷִĹͷס⻬ȵĹͷⱻѹĦ֭ʼŹͷı¡ͷļڻҶȫĿиΪ 
ָƤزҶĸţŪҲN𣬽˵ѽϹܻŪ˼ҵľţҹҲŪˣ˼ڡڡѽ޷˵ȥΪָͻȻĸţһɣҲ漴»СѨĴһЩ 
˵ͦסͲӲˣš֪ҲҪˡָεҶϲͣشŪˮ 
Ҷߵ˵۸ҡҲʵһ׼ӭľ٣岻Ҫ䡣 
Ҷ£ĴӭϣҶ۶̼нߣҶǿҵظо׳ĻسſԼС塣 
˵С컹˵ҪСѨȴôš 
ҶظоĴѾȫ強Լ۶̴׳ѹȸд¸ֱƺͷҶȫĴ滺ڵ𣬲ȻذڶΡ 
˵ղȥ̲סҪšһˬġ 
Ҷһ˵ߵ޵ݶĻ˵˼Ҳ㡭㡭ѽҪ 
ҲҶʼس壬Ҷŵȼ۵ĺ촽رԵüʣ΢Ť۶ǿҵĦ״˵ѹɣһˬ 
ҶûǣͣҶͣڵ⣬˵ΪôҪͣ˼Һ㡭αŤֹ 
˵Ϊ㲻ѹֺڿ㣬Һġֿʼس鶯 
Ҷ˵ࡡҪҡѡҲҪˬ 
Ҷδѹ⣬س壬Ҷʼһһ߽⿪Ͻֺڿ㡣Ҷ˵Ϲࡡ⡭˼ҵ顭ͷЩҡֹáਡ 
Ҷİͷ£ͷ͵һ߳һƷһ˫飬ŪҶ˵ࡡҡˡšߡ˼ҡҪ㡭֡˼ҡҪúõġϹ桭Ϲʹ졭มมϹѽɡιҡ㡭ʹ졭มมɡɡŶѽ 
ͷͷСšţʱҧͷҶԸȫȻ˫ֱĺԲϵͦ͸ӵ鷿ȵĿоԼͷѾͦӲˮȪ˺ߣมมðϹҡҪҪҪ㡭 
ڴʱҶ绰ҲֻͣһᣬҶȥȡ绰Ҷһ֪֮Ǻӱʫ磬绰еĺӱʫ˵Ҷͺ˵һҲ̲סͿʼĳҶСѨٽٶȼӿ졣 
Ҷܴ˴̼Ȼѽһ˳ӱʫʣô£ 
Ҷ˵ϰҹŪ˰ҹôطҲ񡭡ҡ 
ӱʫ˵Ϲ־ 
Ҷ˵ҵˮǬ롭ݺݵءҡҡϹЩҡ 
ӱʫ˵ 
Ҷ޷ȥӱʫֻܴӵ绰ҶصĺӱʫҲֻߡ 
ҶߣҶ͹£̱ϡֳĴ۶ڱڵҲת޴ĹͷѾ˵۶ڣһεĿ񱩹ƴ 
̵ĴҶ֭۴رߣȵĹͷס۵ӹڣִҶխ۶вػҡ͵ 
Ҷѩ׵Ĳ߳ܵĳ죬ọ̈̄۶ȴ֭۶ÿһ³鶯еؾΡ 
Ҷ޷صţǴ׳ҶÿϢӣгԵĿУһ̵٣һײĴʹҶʰĵ 
ĴҶӹʱഺɻоʼԣաڸܵǳĴس鶯ȫһһȼա 
ִ룬ְס壬ָŪҶ۵⡣ 
鷿ڲ֪֮УҪƵšָŪоɽ´һֱɽ 
มʶطҶҡҡλΣعӯҺѾʹ۶ʪ 
Ĳͬʱ鷿ֱ࣬Ըдͬʱһ޷ֿĻ䣬ҶѾȡ 
ҶջԸеĽʺ촽κ죬ǽġ˵มڲҡҡҡม顭ҡġĴ󡭡㡭ĴٵҺˬ 
̼ͦ鶯ӯԵη屻ѹ⣬ⱻס 
ҶѾ޷͵ĵزˣҶϣȡĴȻӣƷζҶȻȻʵ쳱 
ҶѾϰ߱ĿУĴٴε룻ڴͬʱŪĶ鷿ҲƺҪܻˡʣµֻд춴ȼ鷿Ѿŵȼ۵ĺ촽رԵüʡ 
ٶȷɶȼĻ䣬Ҷǿҵ׷ٵĲ룬һֺ̰ĵӣ鷿ҲַӦ 
Ҷſ۾ʱӣѾֻֵľѡֻҪһξͺãֻҪҵĴһξͺˣҶ̧ԼĽӣӴһɲǣɢ𻨵ĿмٵرšָƵȥҶ΢΢Խϡ 
šǻǿҵıҶָץĺ󱳡ڴʱԽǴҶڳͦͣڿеĲУҶ̧ȥ 
ҶСɵ࣬ڴʹӺͷ˽ȥҲس񣬡ŴҶ߿ʼͷĥ 
ʣˬˬšҪҪҪҪҲ㣿 
Ҷ˵ٰɡҰɡĴҡҰɡ 
Ҷһ˫ͦ屻գֲڵָ۵⡣޳˫ȱطֿͦη岻ͣӭĳͦ͡ȵʼٳ̵ͣĹͷÿһ¶ֱشҶ۵ӹ֭Ļؽס 
ĴסҶԸеӣֽҶӯԵ壬ѹҶеģִĹͷҶӹҶӹʼϵ˫ȲϵĲ 
˵ţҲҪ˰ŰѨн 
Ҷļнƨɽҧס˴һͬʱﵽ㣬ȵľҺҶӹ 
Ҷ˵ţҡҰɡ 
ҶŹס˫ȣָŽıͷļϱϢǣҶצ̱ʸϣǿ緢˼ֵķۡ 
Ҷ߳Ϻ˫˫㵹ڴϢҶſƤָȥŪͷ 
˵ôȥҶ鷿ͣĴŪָŤͷʱŪҶҶСѨصĳ˼£Ҷ˵ϹҲ۸ң˵㺦ߵſϡ 
ḧҶ񱳣˵ǻϹǺϲ𣿡鶯 
Ҷ˵ҺᣬղҴֱ˼Ҷ 
˵˵ҶһЩֿԡ 
Ҷ˵ӻ˼룬˵һЩѾģһβӦ㣬˼ҸҹҲˣúϢһᡣ 
˵һһҪ󡣡 
Ҷһ۱˵ִô⣿ 
Ķϸ˵ÿһ򣬺𣿡 
Ҷ˵Ϲ˼ңӣ죬һӴ˱ѷѽ⣬˵⻥ֱ˲ϢʱҶƿһ 
Ҷ˵Ϲ 
һسʪʪҶСѨڶʱ˾ҺˮN͵Ҷľԡ 
ҶǰӲҵŵһ㾡ӣԼУʱ³ͷһʱһʱΪ궠ŪʮӣʹϵĲϣ̶סͷʹ˱ֱ飬뿪 
Ҷ˵ɣ 
˵Ȼ⣬ŵСףǿɰͷɡ 
Ҷ˵ȡЦˡ 
һҶѹ棬ϹԣҪɣȥϴǿЩؼ˵ 
ȡһЩֽϸҶϵľҺˮҶ̷ֵϺŵԡϴ 
ԡҲã˴ţҴҵΧԡӦţ˵һλ 
⴫ӱʫңЩšһļӱʫһ黨ĵȹһɫϻŸд 
㿪дһֱźӱʫһϲƣںӱʫƨһѡ 
ӱʫ˵Ϲ֣ûйţزţǸ·Ǹоӱʫһ˫鷿ʮӱʫǣһԷֱѾõ£ਸ਼ԷĽҺ 
һȺźӱʫ߽ڣһҶ˵ʫʫˣ 
˵Ϊôҵǣ 
ӱʫ˵˼ҹǣ֮ұְֺ˵Ҫټҹ˵꣬ԣһ»ǣ˵ǲǺǡ˵·ɢڵϣϴϵң뵽˿϶ҹйҵġж㿪ʼ΢΢ȣСѨʼʪ 
űӵҶӱʫ΢죬Ҳʼ飬Ǳڴ˵ǣУҪúοһ 
ӱʫҶһͻȻıӣҶȫһ˿ңСѨĵطˮգҶҲӦ㽫ӱʫڴϣŮʱڴŤһţʱЦӱʫĶȹڴϱβչ޳ȣСڿɼ 
ǰĻ޵ĳ棬Ϊⷢ˻¼ҲⳡսֹŮԡҲˣɺҶһȫ㣬ҲֿŮӵұⳡսеĵ߿˵ΪŮϿŪ 
ӱʫߵĴ˵ҹǣǾڻ׽ţҶǿЩ뿪ɣҡ˵֮ȥ 
ȥźӱʫСĴϣ˵أ˫ŵӣҸ¡̶鷿ԺӱʫġɧšжӱʫûʵĿжֻᰴ֣˵ȫûֱյʱָ͸·ȥŤӱʫͷӱʫſ˵Ҫ˼ңҺࡣ 
˵Ҿ㰴ĦһɣķſӱʫͷȥϿʼѹУӱʫššһ˳ 
һֲӱʫĶȹ£źӱʫ»ֻѴȥָٵش֣ѰֻסټдŪͷ 
Ц˵ԲĹĵģͷӲǽ˰֡ 
ӱʫ˵㡭֣Ūң᲻ӲҪ 
ûᣬ΢΢ȥŪͷӱʫʱ鲻Խͷ˫ּӣͦظȥŪһ˫顣 
˵ڻ𣿡 
ӱʫ˵Ȼ 
ӱʫ΢ţӣӱʫ΢죬˵޹⣬ѹ¿ڴӱʫѼΪſС죬ͷУ˱վţһʱǵ췭ظõǣѺӱʫ 
ԵҶ״ҲΪ֮һҲսţ˵Ϲ㲻ֻҪȥ^ӱʫüЦҰ㿴ԸɣӱʫӦҶĶȹһ˿һٵòٵĺɫ˿ֿ㣬滹ֳˮա 
Ҷ˵Ϲ㿴ǲǺ㡣 
ʱӱʫҶ˵ԼܣߵýĲӣҲκνͣʮָ˫컺ȴסбΣ棬ŪúӱʫĴ㣬鷿У˸߰ 
˵ʫʫ¿ôԸǷң 
ӱʫӲ˵ֻһʱ׽飬ǻ¡ 
˵ôҾͰ񡣡㱧ӱʫڴϣµȹ˿㣬ֱʣ׺ɫ˿¿㣬ڴḧÿһ 
ӱʫһܰһ˵Ϊôҷڴϣ 
˵˵׽飬׽Ȼڴϣⲻ׽ڴ𣿡 
ӱʫ˵ǿʶѽ޷˵ȥΪļ׾ҪڿȥСѨŪ 
˵Ѿ׽ڴ֮ 
ӱʫԺ˵ϹǷ񻹰ң 
˵Ȼ㡣 
Ҷ󣬽Լ鷿ϣ˵ְң 
˵ȻҲ㡣 
Ҷ˵ 
ͷϸĵਣ˵㣬𣿡 
Ҷ˵ٶһЩ 
ͷָȥСѨһʱһڶæ춰ŮҶһġʾʽ˵ʫʫֻ׽񡣡 
źӱʫСѨ˵㣬㻹Ϲ㣿 
ӱʫ˵ϹôңҪ 
˵ģ֣һ˫ 
ӱʫ֣Ū˵鷿ʹѩ鷿ϵ̺ͷޣҲ̲סƷҶ״Ҳ룬ȥŪӱʫ鷿Ūúӱʫ 
ˣǰƶһ㣬Ѵںӱʫϣӱʫ֪˼ŵеζǺԸͰƿ 
ˣСѨϵϾͳ˳ӱʫе˼ȵĿ飬ͦȥ׷ֻֻ֣ëϣҲְѴӱʫ˹ȥӱʫû취һ¾ͰĴ棬ҲͦҪַŽȥԸϵõ㣬ָܿԽĶֿ㣬ֱӲ嵽ʪСѨ档 
ӱʫͷĴʹţĹͷԽԽںӱʫСѨҲԽԽ죬ӱʫ˷ܵ÷ˣ𣬷ذڶӭָСѨ 
ӱʫǽ³ͣɵɵĺСѨˮѾʪڿ㣬͸ˡָϵ󻬣;ٸߺӱʫ˫ţĶֿ£ҲĿ䣬ִϥѹӱʫĴȣСѨͻ𣬺ӱʫһʶҪˣСѨſˮø࣬ʾҪĴ١ 
ûмʱ룬ֻôںӱʫСѨϲͣĥʹӱʫˮʱӱʫҲͣԽģѹͷȥжʾ 
ûмʱСѨѴһЩ˵ҪȴңΪôҪ 
кӱʫ£ΪҹҶʱӵ绰֪ھƵ꣬ԺʱֳһĻһĻ찮棬Լ찮ʱ龰ԣҹ˻ȥǣټڽĵ绰УҶ˵ԱȥƵȥɡ 
ӱʫûлشʣԺ󻹻׽𣿡θôȥŪӱʫСѨڣʹߕN. 
ӱʫ˵ѽᡭҪ׽༸Ρ 
˵Ϊô 
ӱʫҲ̲סβԶǰһͦߣаڶϣѹֹСѨȴǻɧֻ˵ҪĥңЩ 
˵ңұúõĶ㡣 
ӱʫߵ˵ΪΪ׽㣬ҿҪ㰮ҡ 
˵ǲ㣿ǰһȫӱʫڣʼس鶯 
ӱʫҲʼԺĽţѽѽٰѽѽҶЩ 
ӱʫ̴ڷһʴǵĽѱ촽סͲ˱ҺһĶŲӱʫխʱꡭꡭĳˮ͡ŶϢȫһŮཻ 
Ŵʱһʹ֮ĿѸٴȫӱʫ̼òҡͷƮڣоһײӹ 
˫ץ߾źӱʫ˫۰׵ȣѹԲͦĶ޼Ť֫ȫӱʫüӲĴͲ壬ÿһγǳ鵽¶Եǰͦÿβǲӹڲͣٶȼ죬־ʱܡꡭꡭ֮δϹ 
ӱʫĴĹͷ鷴ĥڣСŰ㣬ˮմʪ˵ֳë 
ǵģͷݺݵĶסо⣬ֲͣĥӱʫеÿһԼĸҲһƵģȫúܿ飬Ȼľͦ׷Ǹȥ 
ӱʫ۵ͷǳխ֭ÿһµͦûЩһ˳ıȦȦԶȫûп϶аҺ󣬳鶯Ȼʮֳ˳ˬˡÿһ³壬ǣźӱʫңЩмܲסֻдεؽ˽йĿУšҪˡˡ㡭ҡšáðášˬˡˬء 
ǰľɫﱻԼǿ¾˼˽ǼȽ˷ܵ㡣ʱĺӱʫ΢ţ巢̣춺ӱʫصԽԽŨĽͣ 
ĳˣĿϵڻۣƿﵽıԵˡҲеͷǿҵĿУֱ嵤æסӱʫӹٳĥʮ£ͻȻܵ۵һǿľΡ˱ŴͷԼֹӣӱʫ˫޳˫͵ţѩǰͦԱûоͷĸκǰҡˮƵĴ˳ĹǸȵĴߣѩ岻ͣľγ鴤 
Ͻסӱʫ۸ͦ飬ͷסӹѹȻӱʫ۵ĻоͻȻ񼢶Ӥҧס˴ͷҵһһ˱ͣǿҵĿУǧĵۼõԸ߳춱 
ӱʫεĽһҡҪ졭ˡš 
ӱʫǳǳɫĽץסԼ㷢ѩ˳ưĻֱֺ̌֫ԲԸеķǰͶɹΣɫ͸ꝰһӿɼɽɨӱʫȫһһŨ̵ɽӻоĻ˳ڴͷϣ˺üӣȫݵĿ֮УǴִˮУֵʴǡ 
ʱֱӱʫĽ̬ջøɾʮ㣬Ĳ룬ĳס 
ӱʫͷҡ㷢ɢңͲţ˫޳ȣŵôģͣĶţСȲϵţȫ㺹ܣҲг 
һ̵_ĴͷĺӱʫƨɵµĴһƬˮǲֹͣ壬ʱͦƨɣŤƨɣĴӭսš 
ʱйĺӱʫ˵̬ԽԽԽйԽˬֹƵġ 
˵ʫʫҲˣϢһᣬٰ㡣 
ʵӱʫʱѳԲȥһ˵ͷش𣺡ϹҲδ£Ϣһɣ 
ʱԵҶ龰˵˵ڴϣſַ˵ϹҲң 
ʱҲȷʵˣѶҶ˵ҿǻʽ׶ͦţҲ̫еˣϢһº𣿡 
ҶĻҲǳСѨеζĶ˵ŶҵĺϹԲ̫ˣɣ 
ҶһҶѰѹ棬һһһµ׶Լ׳ζˣ׶ţŤƨɣҲ׶Ť 
ҶԼ׶Ƚ֪Լ֪Լʲôطɧòɧĵط׶òֶ׶ˬģСֿʼӴϹѽมมôᡭôˬࡡιѽȸղšζ͸ˡมѽ 
һȵԴԴӿ˳ʱϢѻָԭҶѾϰҶת£þ˳̵ȥСѨСѨˮСѨзǿġ֨֨֨ˮ 
εͲ壬İҶˬ÷죬ǷݳʹĶ촽ҲתΪҰɫұ䵽˼㣬ݲͣڲиĺУѽҵĺϹࡡιѽһΡáġᱻġӴѽϹˡáһΰɡࡡ 
Ҷ֪һĲˣ˾ӱ޵ٽغֱײ 
ҶһĲãСǴİࡡӴѽϹѽมࡡιѽҡһΡġˡá㡭ιСá㡭ҰɡࡡιϹѽûġҪҡ𡭰ࡡιѽðɡҡ㿴ɡมมѽá㡭ġѽ 
ҶһĴﵽ߳һһɵйţĴͷϣppȹأСѨҲһһеؼ˴ͷеˬ켫ˡ 
ййˬˬյҶó׵ıˣŪûɾ⣬ȫƮƮĿƮţˬˣˬû˹ȥ̱ڴϡ 
ҹͽġ˶ʱδ侫ĳ嶯ӱʫڴϣŻԲѩ׵ķΣԺסȻٺȡ 
ʹγҶСѨĴѹںӱʫϡ 
ӱʫͷһ˵ʲô 
˫ִҸ˽ȥһһס壬޼ɵذ 
ӱʫЦһ˵Ҫ档 
㱳˵ºоӲҪĴںӱʫĹɹϡ 
ӱʫa˵˺ҪôҪҵͷܲ˰ţǡ 
˵Ը𣿡 
ӱʫ˵˶Σ㲻Ҳʹ 
˵ֻԸ⣬ôҲˡ 
ӱʫЦ˵˺öˮȥ 
һĨȻ־ʪ㼴ˮĨڹͷϣ˫ָСѨھһᣬְˮĨľţ˵ 
ӱʫ˵ѹţܷɣЩŪȥҪЩ 
սͷεסľţӱʫѱſ㡰ۡһ˳һȻﻺⶴ˸ 
ֻΧס˿ݣȻǳС΢ţӣӱʫҲֻӭǡ 
һֵǺӱʫûнһ˵鶯ɣ 
˵»Ūʹ㣬Ҫγ 
ӱʫæҪɰγ 
Ц˵ҿʼɣ˵Űڣ쳣ýӦǽſʼٴHŪ 
ԽŪԽȤŪʮº󣬺ӱʫԵøΪͶ룬ǰСѨҲʼˮֱʣ̫ˬˣϹֳִ֣Һޡһºٶһ㡣 
ſںӱʫϼӽβס䣬Ū𾢣žž 
ӱʫˬһҡǰҪǰ涼ˬˣҪҲӱʫǷڴϣѸƨɸ߸ߵ 
ŲȥӱʫŶסͦӭգȣѺӱʫŪοڡ 
˫ʮָϷƣһ֓һͷһְסһֻ飬档 
ӱʫѲһõ˻ٱ˸˫飬ʱʹ 
˲СѨһ㽫룬һͷһٴ˽ȥӱʫˬһǰһͣѸŶHңҷȥ 
ɱ𾢣˫ǰס˫飬һ棬һ漲顣ӱʫԽԽǰСѨҲˮֱʣƬ̣ˮֱٺӱʫϽްĽһǶˡ 
ӱʫˬ죬˫ַ֧סβϸߡ 
ʱҲڽҪͷˬʱˬ̲סźӱʫมŶҵġš硭ҡҲ졭Ҫˡιáá㡭ȵҡǡһ𶪰ɡι硭ûСˬ㡭ˡȵҡҡʹʹ졭йһΰɡˡˡมมιáѽһ㡭ม 
Ҳ޷ˣηͲ˰ºһҵӹͷغ裬ǿ̶ʱľҲزסͷͱ󣬺ӱʫеֱڵĴӻ̣ԾţֱʶҪ侫ˣ̺棬 
ӵĻǹһӹͷϵҵؿӱʫֱ˺һӡԸ߳еĺӱʫһֶ̼£һֱδƽԼٶһһֱͱˣǲ·̵úӱʫȫһľβ 
ںӱʫԣ§ס 
ӱʫҲһЦղ˲ãؾȻҲôࡣ 
˵ϲ𣿡 
תѵҶһ˵Ȼϲôˮ𣿡 
ӱʫֵ˵ֲôˮ粻˵ҪǬ𣿡ְ鷿ϲͣİڶ˵Ϲ˵ҶԲԣ 
ش𣬵Ҷѽһ˫ϣ˵˵׽飬ʵ㡭 
һʱҲ֪˵ô˵´ΣǿԻݣʫʫȺƵ꣬ɿ׽飬𣿡˵λνһº󣬱ԡȥ 
ԡԡһƣֿͣ˼Ӧλν޵ղű˵һɫݵϷóʱҶͺӱʫ߽ԡңԼͬ縡͹Ľһǰһ 
˵ô 
Ҷȿ˵ϴ 
뿪˵ҶͺӱʫԡͿĨǵ鷿ϣ§ͣŤŪĭ 
оǰķ鷿᲻صѹȵ͸ϴĴ̵ָ߾Ҷͺӱʫʱͬ˵ϹǷǵԺҲӡ 
ûлشֻŻϵĭ_ߣҶͺӱʫţ˵ҿҲֻЩϴ裬Ҫ˼롣 
ӱʫ˵𣿡һ 
Ҷ촽һº˵ΪôڷڣƽӲҪһϴ 
˵ֻͻȻһ¡ 
ӱʫĵ˵Щôܰ𣿡 
Ҳش𣬵ǵҪֻΪ˵ҵʱͻȻɫݵϷǵȤ 
Ҷͺӱʫ֪Щ£һƿҶ˵ûǻԺ˷ǵһġ 
ǻ׷Źǣ˵Ȼ˵һұǿ 
ԡҿռϸ٣׽ҶͺӱʫεţǵĽǹͣӱʫһʱѣ˵۸Ůӡ 
˵ұ㲻۸ǣڱǡſеҶ׽źӱʫ˱µĴӱʫСѨһ׽֧ȫ룬ͬʱСѨʪޱȣ㡰žžžôӱʫѨĹͷѺӱʫѨⷴѨˮҲŪܿһθ߳ӱʫĿԺ˵ǿ飡ǿ飡 
ٳ˺ӱʫѨʮºҶͻȻӺ˵Ҫ 
Ľӱʫط£תҶһ׽ٽôҶСѨҲСѨͬʪޱȣԣҲ˵񾱿ɵسҶѨౡౡˮСžžžĻĴҶڶĳ壬ûҶɾˮ̴Ѩ˳ 
ʱڵذϢĺӱʫͱĽţ˵㲻Ҫٸɿܲסˡ 
˵ֽҶһţմˮĴ͵ӱʫСԣ˵Ҫߡ 
ӱʫС۴תͿɢ鼰Źͷһ⹵ȥţòסƨͦغӱʫûãСȦ𣬰̽ȥĴӱʫСţҶ鷿ӱʫ𲽽ʹ͸ 
ӱʫڽһ˳ҶСУֵܼ˵ķ񣬽ҲɵһʱźӱʫСѨһᣬһʱҶľ͸ɣһʱںӱʫҶ鹵齻ǿ飡ܲˣң䣬һССԡڳգҶͺӱʫûзжȥÿһط 
ԭҲûһҪ侫ҲҺҶͺӱʫϣҺƽĨϣҶͺӱʫҲȥԷϵľҺ󣬲Ϊ򾻴Ĳա 
ǴԡϴСʱ֮󣬶뿪Ƶʱùŵʱ䣬ƵʱҶͺӱʫݹͳƣ̬




26У԰ 

һ˾պȻͷûпγҪϣԣ˱㵽ͼϰʱȷʵͷһе£ܳüо񣬺˾պȻһϷСûзԸС˰㰤˾պȻļϣһϰһ˿ϸͼݵģˡ 
һᣬ˾պȻţ̧ͷԺ˵Ҫרϰ 
˾պȻ˵ϰôãֻɳһ¡ 
˵룬뻵 
˾պȻƸ˵´һֻЦڳڷĶһ¡ 
촽һ˵㲻˵ǶʶôãѵҲ֪ô𣿿Щϰɣ 
˾պȻֻôڱټоֲȻŷµı۲Ŷȹۣʱûǽ˾պȻصϣ˵ܹ֣ 
˾պȻûģ͵͵쵽Ĵḧ춷һȹԣֱϣܷȵỬоܿʧȡֱ֮ϵĴʹΪñֱݺݴһ£ʹأ˵ã 
˾պȻԼֱ󣬱һ죬뿪ͼݣһַλϣʱ⵽˾պȻ̵ֱһƬ˵ղȥ˸ô 
˾պȻ˵ûô 
˵ǲҴ㣿 
˾պȻ˵ǡ 
˵ǣΪôˣ˾պȻûлش𣬷ַŵԼϣߵ˵СǲҪ¿κУҲԣÿζ㣬˿˼ 
˾պȻһ뻳ֱ۸պѹڷǰһ鷿ϣ˵Ҳã㣡 
һ¹ײ˵ڲǿЩϰɣ 
˾պȻøܵǿҵϢɼĿ˾պȻļϣ˵˿ 
˾պȻʱǻᣬزƸ·Ѱסһֻ鷿ţеɧϣֻᰴ˾պȻֹ˵Ҫ˼ң˿á 
˾պȻſϣÿθ˾պȻ˳˼Уʱ˾պȻÿһطͷѲӲ˾պȻûŪЩϲµĸо 
˾պȻȻûģֻܵĻסͼݵһǣʱҲ࣬ܵƺһֱڷıḧһֻ͵͵Ϯ򷮱Сӣ춷ϣزвݸ浲ţ˾պȻģֻڷ鷿һһ˾պȻַ񽥽ƺԳͨȥ淮һ˫顣 
Լ鷿еĵطÿθ˾պȻ죬᲻˼ȥڹڵط״Σ˾պȻĸ´һЩ̼͵ĸоСѨҲʪ 
˾պȻϮĸоʱԼǰť˾պȻ⿪˵һǵڶ͵֮һִӷ½ֽȥһѰһסһʱ˾պȻڷĶϸ˵С𣿡 
ε˵˵͵ǰ˵Ĳ 
˾պȻס鷿֮СУԲͦ˵ͷӲöĴָɨף˫ָǿͷ 
Ĵ̷̼񲻵ò 
˾պȻᳶͷʱһԵĿд鷮ȫһѽָ뷢˵ע⡣ 
춰̲ס˵Ҫȥܲˡ 
ᶯһ˾պȻټNֹΪ˷ܣָһ鷿ȫУ᲻صİսڵʱ˾պȻ𣬱СѨҲˮͬʱ 
ȥ˿˷ܡкţȴǰֽ⿪Եǰһ˫鱩¶ڿУʱ˾պȻƸɱţ޾ 
Ե˾ٶ˾պȻȻܵõһϲһŴ˾պȻʱ˫ͬʱȥ෮һ˫顣סͷָͷתĳУֱӿȥ 
ʱȷеѵָڹڵط񡱣ƽİͬԽؽҿʼĿС 
˾պȻµĴӲҪԺлźͷ񽻻ʱþʱͻȻƿһ˫֣ͬʱ· 
˾պȻ϶ŭĹΪ˵СǷҿԱ֤ԺҲ 
˵ЩҪ˵Щҳȥ 
˾պȻ綷ܹѵĸ߳ͼݣͼݵĶȥȥŮſʱڿһҲŮޣǶټϿʱ䣬ʱʮ徲 
Ůڵ˾պȻһڱ˵СԺҲᡣ 
Ҳûشһ޸ںţͦض˵ղŲǺ𣿡 
˾պȻ˵ΪôҪܻ 
˫ֻӣ˵㲻𣿡֮һס 
ʱ˾պȻٱҲµ˼ſ齫һ뻳˵СҪһЩҲãҾʹз񣬿죿 
˾պȻ˵ھ㡣һֻĽ⿪ǰťۣٱֱŵֵǰۣǶԷؾͱ˳ǰһ飬ʱץֻ˾պȻʮָʩѹȴסбΡ 
˵С˺ɫŶɫǡң 
˾պȻ˫ֻڰһ鷿ʹǸԲͦЦ˵Ҫ覵鷿ʼ㣬Ҫҷ㣻˵ô 
˵һҪнھͽз񣬿죿 
޷г಻ԸȥУΪ˾պȻСףһںסͷƷɵĽҺ˾պȻͷ̷ͷֻځѡ 
˾պȻʼ飬ĶȹڣķΣľţʱ˾պȻַСѨˮ̰˾պȻ˵н𣿡 
ˬû£̣һ˿УָĴ࣬͵ɢȫʹʰһοǹ͵ĿУʹòƴ˫ȡ 
Ϊ˾պȻͳס۶˵𣿡 
˾պȻõĽȻΪǱ鷮Ķԡ۾硢ֱѩ׵ţͻȻ˵˼ҵڿʪ͸ 
ʱ˾պȻ֪Ƿֹֻͣѡͣȷָʾ˾պȻͣߵ˵㻹ŪǬѵҪԼ𣿡 
˾պȻ˵˵ŪǬ 
תΣʹȹµŸԲ˾պȻͽȹƵϣһȼڿ㣬ʺ޵ѨչǰԷֿѨѱˮʪ 
˾պȻæͷɻ·ֱ۵Сˣ̶˫ᳶ 
ҵĴsʹʱˬҪȥһ򣬷͵һ£ŪأˮƵӿ˾պȻȥŪһ˫鷿˵СҪͣҡѽ 
˾պȻͷǿˣʱ˱ĥ֡ 
Ҳ̲ס˵ҲҵؿˮƵģӿȶ 
˽УҪˡˣСҰ㡭Ҫˡһĸ߳ˣˮֱ˾պȻһһǣȴûֹͣʵؼ 
˵ҡҡ 
˾պȻ˵ټȥǷǿ顣 
˵Ǿǿҡ 
˾պȻ춳ˮͰϣ翪ȣ˫ϣǰƣԼСѨĴ˾պȻ֫΢ͦʱֱ룬һů⣬εİĹͷס˾պȻ˺żȫ뷮СѨڣ˵һν 
˾պȻɶ˻һںǳɫͷʱҧͷȦλ 
Ƶ˳ʮָץס˾պȻ⻬ϸֱϣɫѪΪȵ¶˾պȻõĳѾȫˣ崦ɫ͸ˮ˽ϵĵطģ´ϵĽʱ̡̡ 
һʶĴ̼ɢȫԭѩ׾Ө˵ϲֳһ˵죬ɢƴҩ㣬һߵԽԵöǣʹʴǵĪǹ¾ 
˾պȻʪǰѷʼͦ΢̵鷿ǳɫͷȻѳѪӲͻˡʼͷŷ۾ҧɫԵڷʵСˣ㰮ǿ飿 
˵ȥģมŶ¾úáҮ 
񽿴˵ұĵ̴ںĿ֬ʮˣ˾պȻ̲סӿͼǿ˳ȣʱ÷˽˾պȻسڵǿҵĵȼ״εĿֽдѲͣڷ̴ڵͳ 
˾պȻ֪Ը߳ҪˣǸķţﴫϵġꡭꡭЮ֭Ľ 
ĬĬܣѩƽСԸеβͦ͡ӭǵʯĳ壬±԰ľ߳ 
˵ĴϢԽԽأ˫˵޳Ƚס䣬ȰȡȰȡ£ȫκķ΢΢ĳ鴤ţҵĿػ£ۺɫȦȦ۶ͻȻǿ˱ŽĴӹס˹ͷʱ˫޳ס˫͵ţűȫľԽԽֱ۵ӹѸסͷӤ˱ˮ㣬ţӹھһ£ĻڿһŨŨ 
˾պȻæȻӲĴݺݵصסӹоλʴ̬˵ŮѳȵڹͷϵľС 
˾պȻҲ޷ˣηͲ˰ºһҵӹͷغ裬ͷͱ󣬷еڵĴӻ̣Ծţֱʶ˾պȻҪ侫ˣ̽˵𡭡棬㣬ҡ 
˾պȻűķһԣ˾պȻͰŪԼĴÿΪŪ 
ڵֿʩһ۶һḧʱ³ͷһһΪ궠˾պȻ̾һʱˬ͸ 
˫ͷʹ˱ͷɣһʱԵá˹ӣ˾պȻей⣬ס鷿еҪˡҪͣҪˡ 
˾պȻһƺߣʹסͷϣŇ¶УͷΪһЦúܶ࣬ô˵ŰѴؿУϿһ׵ϡ 
˾պȻ˵Ϊôڣڿڣ 
һ·һ˵ڣľҺᵹŪҵڿ㲻ٴԣҪҿڡ 
˾պȻ˵ΪôҪҵľҺ¶У 
ߵ˵ҵģľҺҲҪ乫 
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˾պȻװ˵ÿڸɶΣ 
˺ǧĵķЦţһ˾պȻͷ˵ɫǣ 
º˾պȻûҪһοڽֻΪΪϴ˲ǣȥ 
ͼݺ󣬷ҶڲԶĵط΢ЦԼ飬϶Ҷ֪˾պȻ£ֻñε΢Ц 
ʵҶǻֻ֪Ǵӷʱ졢۴Ĺ⡢ͷЩɢңԹ˸ղųȥȣɻ󣬾ͺӱʫʱзһҡ 
ʵϽҶ⵽˾պȻ⣬ƫԶĽһ⵽롣 
ò׵緹ʱ䣬ҶԼͺӱʫţһڴѧķõǣȲñͺӱʫǣֵҶʱ֪Ϊξ룬ͺӱʫзڿ˾պȻͷһȣڿĲҡ 
緹У԰ɢӱʫĵҶ˵ΪôĲң緹˵Ҳֹһ䣬¿Ժ˵һ߿԰ 
ʱҶôҲɿ˵ںӱʫ£Ҷ춽ͼĸ֪ӱʫЦ˵ԭ˼аοԡ 
Ҷ˵˵ô 
ŮһֵϷ󣬺ӱʫ˵ԼҪ뿪ʣҶҶʱõţʱһ绰ҶһۺߣҶ˵ɷȥЩ 
Ҷ˵Ҫ 
˵ȥݣ 
Ҷ˵ǺðɣҶȥ 
ݺҶߵĵؿĴңźҶһͬ봢ңŷҶ˵ 
˵ղʫʫڵ绰˵˴Ÿ֪ԣұο塣һ˵һ£¶ʵš 
Ҷδشѽһ뻳ǿӣһǿҵϢ£ҶѹԹԵָʾϵT˶һȥеĴʪСѨʱŷԼϵ·Ѹѹ⡣ 
ҶһֽϣСѨ콥ĴԺֻ֪ҪĴϨеĳڶϴֱӹ 
˫ץסβҵķͦҶպͻ̼£׷йһǰŤѩȥַͬʱߺ췢̵Ļ 
Ҷǿͦͦѩ׶еԵײݻ֮һһģǶԱͦʮĺҲͣҡΣƬƬ⡣ 
ȰȡȰȡꡭꡭ춶ʪСѨҶҵĳ»ˮĴɽһ쵽ǰŪ϶ĺ飬һֱ̽ȥĥùеˣ¾ 
ᡭ㡭̫ŶҶҧ㴽̴ڲסβнĶʴǵҡȫǺ⡣ĵҶεĽд𽥼糤Ť裬ˮĽٲһһǰһҡ֫ʼĳ̡ճĤĦડડˣĽİҺҶŪʪʪˣͬʱҲӿ˳̶ 
á桭ܡˡҶѾֻţڶӡ 
ͻȻȫҵĿУ̾ʹ˽ҺҶӹǿžزͷסҶĻо 
Ҫ졭š̬˵ҶȫӿڲͣشϢεĸ߳þҺͳ־ãҳ˰²ŽҺעҶӹ 
ҶֽϢԼδԹôҵĸ߳ϸζӺ󣬻Ǵ˵Ϲܻ˼ҵǿ飡 
ҶϣһֻϸḧĽ˵ʫʫ˵ңұľҶСһ˵´β뵽 
Ҷ˵뻵㣡ʱŶǺӱʫ£ԣҲҪӱʫһζ 
Ҷ˵ϹôнƷ㡣㲻˵ʫʫ֪绰µӱʫ 
ڵ绰кӱʫ֪Ҷ˵öлˣ 
Ҷ;ŵػش𣺡Ҫ˵ЩݵĴң㲻ҪҶ֪˵ôЩɣ֮ߡ 
ɻ˵ʫʫô 
Ҷĵ˵찮Ҫʱ䣿 
ǲףҶ˵ʫʫ 
ʱȻ򣬽ĴŵҶľױҪ˵Ҫúý㡣 
Ҷһۣߵ˵ɫǣ캬סˮˮԵڶǣǬ 
ҶԽϵĺˮŴ·˵Ҫôڽһк뿪ңһʱͼӱʫҴҸҶҲ첽ǰ˵ 
Ҷͽӱʫңӱʫ˴ңҶ͹ֹ뿪һ֪ͺӱʫԺʱпãҪϿΣǡлӱʫİţúӱʫõúõġر 
ӱʫ˴ҺһӴӺţеʱС׼һָֻţ˵ʫʫ𣿡 
ӱʫͰΪӾתһͼȫ㣬һӲӲĴָӱʫ˵Ϊô˵£ȥ 
ֽӱʫԼ˫һ˫ϣ·ĴŪһһŵţõĴСӱʫ΢΢ͦظͬİ 
˵ʫʫǲǴᣬҺݣڽ齻ͬʱ·Ūһ˫ͷʹⱦͻ 
ӱʫ˵ţϹʱܻҵѹ񡭡šҲˣ桭˺ܶడҡҪҡӱʫСѨʱˮѲܿӿ 
ѹ¿ڴӱʫѼΪſС죬˵סһͣǣͷӱʫĿУ˵ͷһﲻϵľţ˲Ųķֿֿʱˮǣһߡ 
ӱʫ˵ϹǴһҡ㾡顭ҡ 
˵ǿ㡣һֻѽ⿪ӱʫţпͷťֱۣСѨʱ෢ֺӱʫСѨˮĳ֡ 
ӱʫСѨ׹״ĿУֻ׸뾡ѹǹĥ˵ĿУͣ¶ҪֹͣҳһƬˡ 
ӱʫ֪һأ˵ҪˣϹң˼ĺ࣬ᡭ̲סţû֪˼ܣ 
˵ϸǿ𣿡 
ӱʫˡ桭ʪֺѹ𣿡˵ƿ֣뿪Ļ 
ӱʫȽţпȥȥϵTʱֻʣһӡС󡱵¿㣬ڿСѨλϸֳˮ塣 
˵ʫʫ¿ܿɰ 
ӱʫ˫ϵҪλߵ˵˼ҶѴӦǿ飬ҪԼѳɳڻȡЦңѵɰ𣿡 
˵㵱Ȼɰ 
ӱʫĵ˵ȻҿɰǾͷŹҲҪǿң𣿡 
һֽţ˵ôɰСˣ׷ŹĴںӱʫСϣԵǷӲߵϸˣСѨӳʪ 
ӱʫ˵ǿң 
˵㽫ӱʫֵļ£Ľ޵¶һЩ˵ȻǴ￪ʼںӱʫ鷿ϣ셼鷿ỬȥѷӲͷ 
ӱʫܵġϮҪȥŪ˫ֲȿڣƿ˵ҪôֱҰ齻㲻Ҫҡӱʫش𣬱ֵ⿪ֵĿӣһԣǰĴŪ˫ʱȥۡ 
һ齻һ˫ȥŪӱʫͷָʱϴȦӱʫûֹȥĶ 
˵ǺܿҪϿΣҿ̲סˣھǿ㣬ҸɣѺҶһأȾ 
ӱʫſڵϣԲķٽϽСڿ£ѩ׵ķµСѨ䣬˵ҰɣƽҲҡҪ㡣ʱǿζֻµա 
˵ôںӱʫķһ˷ܵСѨϵˮӱʫʱ˷ܵ˵š򡭡һЩ 
һᣬ˵ָںӱʫСѨϲͣģŪˮͣ 
ӱʫ˵šš˼Ҹ㡭ŪšҪȡЦҡҲҪˡš 
ǻ׷Ź˫׽ķΣĲ룬ĹͷţСѨֽסͷһ紥Уʱܱ˺ӱʫȫȻ 
ĴûȫӱʫСѨֻǳǳĳ壬ӱʫܣڵйӱʫ˵šһЩ 
ȫӱʫСѨӹӱʫ˵ѽûô 
ͣ˵ԼԿơ 
ӱʫԼǰڶСѨȥŪĴҡһ󾢲ֻ̣Լ˵Ϲɣ˼ܲˣ 
˫ִӱʫҸһ˫˵ˣҪĲ㡣㿪ʼĳ壬ӱʫӦӿٶȣ˵أоΣ 
ӱʫʱǻشǹĿУˬúӱʫֻͣĸȷǳ壬̵ֱɦӱʫ˫Ŀ˿ֻǲͣΣȴس̣ζӭգͣĲˮͣӿĹͷһθ߳ 
ʱֻԭʼĺꡭꡭȰȡȰȡʼ䣬ڼԽԽصĴϢ뽿毵˽ 
ӱʫ˶ºѿʼЩԲоʱͱû飬ȫ΢ü٣̴ڴţ˽вѣϢš 
ŵĺӱʫֻ³ݴ̼ģԸѩ˵ƨɸͣ°ţÿ˶ĹͷصĶУŪĺ쳱죬ȫĿоֱͷˬֱ÷죬ʴǡ 
Ǻӱʫ۵ӹǿҵΣβĥ̰ҡתͷӹĻоPĥĻСڽסɲʱһ̵ż˽ɻͷϣʱͷƤһ飬һͷУҲ̲סһɹ̵ȫӱʫӹĻϡ 
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ɢӺӱʫʪڳߣһմɫĴȻ׳޶ˡɫ㡢Ը˵ĺӱʫĸ߳㻹ôӲ 
ݡ㷢ҡ㺹ľɫļ֬ѩֽۣգϵκҵĽԸ߳ųֵģͷӨ۵Ķ˵һһΡ 
ӱʫ̬˵绹пҪϣٸ㡣 
Ƿ갮֮ذӱʫϵľҺȻ· 
ӱʫϸӱʫж򾻲ڹͷϵľҺˮ 
ֹ˵ţ˺ˣҪˣһ̲סʱҪɵ۽ˡ˴·ӣ͵͵ķؽϿΡ 
¿κͺӱʫͣȡʱҶڵȺǣϳҶ˵ʫʫɷӦúܿġ 
ӱʫ˵˵ɵĺ£Ҹǿ顣 
Ҷ˵ˬˬӱʫ˼شҶ˵㽱ô 
ӱʫ̲ס˵ϹǿһΡ 
Ҷװ޵˵ϹǿҰɣ 
ӱʫһҶT ¶֣ҶҲ˱ڳŤһţ˱װӣ˵Ҫ棬Ӱ˾ٺˡӱʫҶʱֿ 
Ҷ˵Ϲˣ 
˵ѹ·ǿ顣 
ӱʫ˵𣿡Ů˫ͨͬʱ·¶˫鷿ŮһȥŪ˫鷿 
ûֻüݳᡣ 
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˵룡ô£ 
ͺϣ˵ˣҪŵף𣿡 
˵Ҳǣ߰ɣһδ 
˵ˣŵ˵ѧͬѧףҪǳЩŽѰˡ 
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ĴϣĿϣһߵϣ˵ʱȥã 
˵Щɣҿܽ㡭 
뻺۾˵ 
ӣҲΪſ˫˱ͷһ˲ŷֿ 
˵ǽ΢ǰϵĵȹڵĴ 
һ޼ʽİɫ˿ּһγɵ鹵һ־һֻ־µȹļһھѩ׵硣 
һһȥȹ벻ûֹһ߼Ҳ£ر飬˵Ϊôô 
㲻˼˵˾պȻҶӱʫķ£һЩԣҲڴѧһ찮 
˺󣬾ͽһԣߵſڽŷ˵Ǳ㲻֡ 
뿿ϣȹϰѵ¶޼ʽİɫ˿֣΢΢ͦһ˫鷿У˵֮ 
ߵߣһ뻳˵ôҲҪ˵ôԱ 
˵ôԣ 
СȥǱľ磬˫ϰڰеĸо 
ʱҲϸպý⿪֣˳Ӧ鷿ϣ캬ס۵ͷ˱ 
 
˫ʩһ顣ֿڲãֺŪͣԾͦ˫飬ְסԴƷԼ԰˵Ľ顣 
һַȹӣƵ䣬͵ָѹססָĥţ 
Ǹһڿ㣬ǸеУﲻǺǵã뼺Ūе㶪⣬ˮڿ㶼ʪһСƬ 
Ҳ˵˫סڿ࣬һ̧Σ׵ذڿȥ 
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뽫˫ΧӣɼıgëССӣţգһˮ۾ҪγˮƵģһںסͷƷĽҺ 
յ˷ͣ˫ʵ˫飬ʮָʩѹȴסбΡ 
ҲջȦӵ˫֣Ϊ⿪ֽۣŲýĳڿһ£סѹͷסţĥȥٰѹͷȥ 
״ķΣֱŽβԶǰһͦ벻ҧסС֡ 
еǿҾһһŵģѸͷ˱ˬޱȣ㼴˫ȷֿô鶯 
ϣʱӿһΣһ涢˶һס鷿ȴ³鵷ʱˮĽžžѶ˵ĽӴŪ졣ٽסУߺߵĲ 
Ϊ¸Ľ˫Χӣӣǵѷѽ⣬Һǻ 
֪Ƿر˷ܣֻǳ£ей⣻ൽأҲƬ̣͵һ鴤ѻͷԵĶ 
һйŨæ뻨Ķס޷ǿȥɾҺϼһʱˬ죬þҺйſϴוرסã˴ӵ´һ 
ϸĵΪСѨµľҺˮ· 
ڰ칫һᣬַ鷿ϣ˵ÿҲĶңҴǰѲͬϲһĸойٰһΡ 
鷿˵㲻ŵе裬Ǳÿ춼һ𡣡 
˵𣿾ҲҪұҵſǣ 
˵ҲҵˣҲٵȶá 
˵Ҳ֪Ҫȶã֪ǲȥŵоͻٵ 
һlŷ벻֪Ķɹ˸Сʱǲ߳칫ңϸȥŵС




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һ磬˵һе磬ΪݳȥȥҶͺӱʫ 
ԵҶͺӱʫеˣʵǵĶʮֱ@ǻ⣬Աһμһǵļʴƣɽ磬ǵһλͬѧҪ񣬱Լһͬѧ̲տԻϧյʱ⣻ƫɵҶͺӱʫ˽󣬲ŷֽӾУԣҪݳϻȡӾ¡ 
ֽʱҶͺӱʫѾȺһĳ˱ϳĺӱʫԹ˵ǵܾá˵˺ܾãֲ¸͵ 
ӱʫ˵㲻Ҫ˵ô࣬Сļʻ 
Ǳڳڽϵֱһ˿ңӵвʱ͵ҶͺӱʫµҲ֪͵ûָøڳһЩ˵̬ǰӵλνޡ 
ҶͺӱʫӾº˷ֱϷۺɫͺɫȻᣬħǶ 
Ҷ⵽͵Ǳ˵㿴ƽʱҲôΣڻ͵СɫҪǿԴ󷽸㿴͵ҶͻȻ⿪ӱʫıȻӾΧӵۺСɵͦվڻԲ鷿ϡ 
ӱʫܵͻġϮʱһ󣬱ӦġҲҶıȻӾΧ鷿ڳŮڳһţʱŮЦ޵ȲŮȫ㣬Գ޷оݳ 
ҶͺӱʫΣڳڻһʱ䳵ڵɢЩ¿˾λϣʱҲ̲סʻ·ͣתλν˵λˣҪɣӰҼݳǵ¿㣬Ҷͺӱʫ֪ԼҲû⡣ 
ʱҶͺӱʫŹԹԵĴ·ãżݳ̲ʱָ𡰶㲻ãϹˡ 
˺̲ʱٵһ飬ҼһһҶͺӱʫװŮֵĿ⣬wĽĿעûԭɡ 
ʣƣĴƤϣǻǺܿģԻ۾һһȺ˶ں̲϶ȹ⼫ˡ 
ҶŷۺɫȻᣬӱʫǺɫȻᣬԳԸУĿ⣬û¾Ʈϣ֮䣬ܻ˳ԳǵĶЩҶӱʫ࣬ǼٽPoseҶͺӱʫһֱȥģ䵽 
ʱǳˮϷźӱʫˮٵĵطҶڰߡ 
ӱʫӾޣˮֻڵ°ʱѽס˵㲻Ҫ뿪סҡ 
ӱʫǺˮĵطܰϣҲıο˵ұס㣬İɣ 
ӱʫ˵ҰӾ㲻úˮĵط 
ӱʫ˵Ӿ 
˵㺦µˮĵطֻҪ˷ϵϰûˡ 
ٴӱʫˮĵط˵ˮչ㣬׼ñ㿪ʼƿӱʫˮʱӱʫˮҲߣϤĵָӱʫյţ˷ϵϰ 
˵Ѹ˲٣ڿʼں׷㣬Ҫ׷ұ㡭ɫɫĿⶢز 
ӱʫ˵Сɫ˵㼱ο 
ԺӱʫӾܵйܿ㱻׷ϣӱʫһЦȦͻȻסһֻ鷿һ½һ´ 
ӱʫѽһУſңҪ˿ 
˵ˮû˿ġ˫£һԴֻ֣鷿֣ʮָշţһһ 
ӱʫΪֻҪ˵ֻ۸ңҲ˼ңӾӦԶһЩ׷Źƽ 
˵ԶһЩſӱʫԼʮߵĵطſʼ׷ȥ 
ڰߵҶͺӱʫҲֽʁ׺ӱʫˣʱľͬѧȴ˵ÿкʫʫȣ㲻𣿡 
Ҷ˵ݣȥôͺӱʫķȥ 
ҶûָѣûԼŮѷŮȣΪҶͺӱʫ˹ϵھͬѧﻹδԣᣬⶼźҶҪúÿ 
һߺӱʫʼӾ޺ָܿ׷ϣӺعǰӾ£Ӳסһ飬ٿ˫ָŪеͷӱʫһһæסᱡСֻ˵ţвҪ 
ڴʱıеĶţͷһҶЦЦı鿴ʱſ˺ӱʫӱʫҶԡ 
Ҷ˵۸ʫʫֲ֪ʫʫĹϵʫʫѡ 
Զԣֻ˵ҰӾӴԺǽ𣿡 
ӱʫߵ˵Ҳ˼ҵġءָᡭ 
ΪҶͺӱʫ϶Ըʱֻ÷ִǵʾϴտʼͺֲʵʱֱ㻺չǵķϣӾḧҶͺӱʫûκαʾ㼴ָ̽Ӿ㣬˫ָˣͣתꡣ 
Ҷͺӱʫͬʱһ̧ͷҶСһѷĴӲòӣָţ˳¼׶˫ǵϲͣ档 
ҶġաʱҶӱʫһɫŰĴһգһʹſˣҶͺӱʫҲ˻ٶ򰶱ߡ 
׷ȥֱ뿪Լʮ๫ʱҶͺӱʫָ׷ϣҶͺӱʫ˵ͷˮҪúýѵһȻʱˮй˵ΧۣһûзӦʱҶͺӱʫʱ⾪ŷ⡣ 
˼״ߣҶͺӱʫûзӦ㽫ǰʹ 
ʱ΢΢ſۣҶͺӱʫ鷿ԼʮޣʵиҶͺӱʫΣֻεˮϷŪǣֲ̼Ůģԣܺ󣬱㲻Ŀ˵ԺҲıɱ׷𣿡 
˵ҶͺӱʫŰŮʱʧ㣬ҶͺӱʫǸеھΡʱҲⲻȥʵ˵װϷŪǣƤҶͺӱʫǵľͬѧ˵ҪѣʫʫŮѣһ롣 
ʱǵľͬѧ˵ĹϵwĽλ绨Ůѡ 
Ҷͺӱʫǵľͬѧ˵Ҳе𣬵װϷŪǣʱ㽫ڵϺúõĽѵһ 
ڳбɹһ磬ڻƻʱһͬѧǱں̲տչҶͺӱʫ˵ʳÿһ̲סЦ˳ΪҶͺӱʫѵʱۺһȦָŪѪҶͺӱʫҲ֪ԼĲǣֲǸӦΪǰȻҲûйҶͺӱʫ˶ִʱɵɵЦ 
ֱտϣҪͬѧȥ 
ּݳҶͺӱʫᣬ˶Ϊ鲻֪οڣû˵һ˵ 
ֱʻһμž·ʱͻȻʻһͣ£ŵҶͺӱʫŪһּݳ뿪˲ãֽʻһͣ£ǿĨʱδ֪ôҶڵпǰTһѪգ̽ͷһ㿴ΪԼֹѪ˵Уô 
ƽ˵ֻٱѪûô 
ӱʫʱҲ̽ͷ˵˵ûôôѪ 
ҶʣΪôѪ 
Ц˵Ҳ֪ǿƯ̲ס˳ 
ӱʫ˵ʱ˵ЦǲʱŪ㣬㻹δù 
˵СɵϣҪô࣬ʱҲѪֹܿѪ 
ӱʫ˵㲻ҺͿҺͿҲġ 
˵ˣǵֹѪͿС 
Ҷ˵㲻ҪټݳҴɣ 
˵𣿡 
Ҷ˵Ȼԡ˾Ϊ˿ͣҶɳ˿ͱΪ˾ٵĵĻΪҶȻмʻִգûκμʻ顣 
Ҷݳһ·Ҳûд㰲˿ͣҺӱʫҪĴϢȻ¡ 
Լ˰Сʱ̺Ҷ˵Ϲ 
һһžİĵطҶߴ·ʧҶͺӱʫܾ˵˾ɣ 
ּݳһȷ·ߣϧɫ಻㣬˺ܾҲ޷ҵͣһľݵأתҶͺӱʫ˵ǽڳڹҹҹգ·߰ɣ 
Ҷ˵ϹҲߴ·Ҫҹ 
˵Сɵϣνҹҡ 
ӱʫ˵棿 
˵Ҵô⣿ 
ӱʫߵĴϣ˵Ҳ˵ҺͿȥһᣬҪ͵˵Ҷ䳵ݴȥǽҪҲ䳵ȥ 
ٵһżҶͺӱʫɲݴ߳Ҷ˵͵ǡ 
ǰεǵ˵ǻ͵ֻὫǵ·ѹ͡ 
Ҷ˵ǲͷ 
˵ұǿɣ 
ӱʫ˵Ůеù㣬Źǰɣ 
˵ѷ׷Ź 
Ҷ˵ֻԼѰɣ㲻Ҫǿ 
ΪҶͺӱʫǿЦģȴƿǰϵTͶ̿㣬չ¶ϵıȼӾ£Ůɢ¹⣬˴Ρ 
Ҷͺӱʫ׸Ҷ˵ɫǣ׽Ǿ͸ΪΪ˵߿ȥŪǵ·ֻüĽ·복׷ˡ 
֪ҶͺӱʫǻԶ׷һҶͺӱʫҲӲġħơȦϻسԣַſǣٴӳȡԡڵϣԣ˵ôɫһ𿴿ǿա 
ҶͺӱʫԹԵ§ţ¹⣬ọ̈̄ҹ˾Ƕ죬ʫ续⾳ʹǶٿ˵УҶͺӱʫҲȻͷϣԵֱ۶鷿š 
ֿҶļ縧鷿ֿӱʫļҲ鷿˫ҿű鷿ͬʱšš˳ûƿ˵ҹȥ˯ɣ 
ЦŰֳʰãٰѳڵεŪһŴá 
Ҷߵ˵Ҿ֪㲻Źǵģ 
½ϵЬٰѳڵĲϣڵСݣ˵ǹҰӾ¡ 
ӱʫ΢˵ɣ̣ɣŮһۣͬʱͷ 
Ҷͺӱʫ㿿ϣҶͺӱʫӵǣѡӱʫ˵ţӾ£𣿡ӱʫֻԡšһӦ 
ƲıȼΧһֱ鷿ۺСɵͷһֻ־СԽӾСѨڣͣɦȥģӱʫϵҪͬʱףѲı۾ķҲûºӱʫӾ㣬ӱʫҲ̧׵Ӿ㣬ſָԸСѨӱʫˮһһͣ˵šһŶŶᡭˡ 
ȻҲҶˣͷҶĶǣŪĿϣִҶıȼΧ룬һ鷿 
˵𣿡 
Ҷ˵มϹᡭţŶš˼ҡҪˡܲˡţ 
˵ܲˣҾ;ȫ㣡һ˵һΪҶϵӾ£Ӿʱсʪʪˮ˵ţӾŪʪģ 
Ҷߵ˵ᡭ㻹˼ң 
˵ֻ˵ʵ 
Ҷ˵㻹˵ 
ҷԴŮÿطĴӲʯϾϵʱҶ̽ĿڲͳŪҶ˵ϹҺʫʫҲѹ⣬ҲҪѹ⡣ӱʫҲѹ⣬Ĵõѱֱָ졣 
ӱʫ˵СʾҪúýѵ̧ΣĿĴͷϣĴûȫСѨ 
Ĵ˱𤻬ĿֱϮؿڣһȥŪҶ鷿СѨӱʫӦ󣬺ӱʫһƳţķα㿪ʼнǰҡţÿͷӱʫҲᷢ 
ܵ˵ĺ̲סͦƨϳ壬ͻȻѴúӱʫСȴв㻵ˡ 
ǻҡƨɣһºݹһµĳ嶥̣ӱʫˮ࣬ȫ޷Rķϣֻ˵𶯡㡭ѽŶŶӱʫ鷿Ǹҵĳ壬ӱʫѾ˲ɼӣˮԴԴ£ƨɷһƬ̺죬ҲѨüСֱȫ͵͵ܿһθ߳[ۺߺ߽ţšÿζðšš㡭㡭áŶá 
ԵҶⳡ棬Ҳסջ󣬿翪˫ȣǰѨľϣ˵㲻Ҫʫʫ 
˵ҪҲҪ㣬𣿡ͷѨҶˮһ£ڴڵĳҶŪ÷ţøԽСѨԵͷȫҶ棬ҶҪѨ㽫ͷ䵱ͣĽҶ»޴i顣 
СѨȥˣҶѡָԣĹңҶһһˮþƣߣθ߳˵ŶŶ㡭ŶŶϡѽ 
ҶչսߣӱʫԻĻᣬķֿٴοԼĽǰҡţ̧ͷһҶɧ̬۰뿪㿪ʼҶءͷҶ˵š㡭𡭡֡ˡá 
ҶҲʾӱʫءͷҶͺӱʫСѨϣһĽҲ̲סŤһǣĲ⵽Ҷͺӱʫ֮ϷŪȡȶҲʾһĲܶãֻһ˫ȥ鷿ֻһ߾ҶͺӱʫСѨ̲壬һʱ䳵ڰ˵ 
Ҳ̲סҶͺӱʫƿ߰λϣͷߣżٵĺϵر任زʵͦȺСƽ͡ 
˵ѹ𣿡 
Ҷ˺Ц˳ӱʫ˵ڱľףͷĿǻŪ࣬һʱ㱣Ȼĺ 
ûãľźӱʫز鷿ǰƺͷͦһֲϵظţͷ壬ͷӱʫܲѾķλϣֿʼŪǻԲβһӱʫ춴 
˵ţŪ㣬𣿡ӱʫѾֻŶŶؽţ𣬱ŶŶ 
ӱʫطֿȣͷ굽ӱʫм䣬ںӱʫ֮˱ﺬסӱʫСɰ٣һ˱һֻظźӱʫѩȣһֱֵָֻҿʼ 
Ҷ״һߴԼ鷿һ߱˵ϹҪʫʫҪ𣿡 
˵ǻ᲻Ҫ㣡һֲӱʫһȥҶͷ 
Ҷͷһ˵û 
˵ 
Ҷ˵˼һܲˣҪǻ㽫һߵ͵ױߣҲ˵һھͺסһͷϵȥͷһֵָֻȥŪҶѡ 
Ҷ˵˼ҡ桭áҶƿںӱʫϣصĦţĿͷһһεضȥҶѩ׵ķθ󷽸߸ߵţҶԸеηصһбؾ۵ס 
ʱɢҶͺӱʫص㣬Ҷͺӱʫ߳ѩװ͹塣ӱʫһԸ߳΢ۣǰ˫ٽǳɫͷѱӲ 
ҶͺӱʫͷԷĿȥء½ַ£ӱʫֻ˼ӣһζˡ 
ӱʫ˵ҡˬˡŶΪʲôŶҡҺ 
Ҷͺӱʫʪһһϵְ㣬˵Ȼ˺ܶˮɬɣҸһЩҪͣġ 
Ҷ˵šҡ㡭ôҶСֻҪָͷŪ˼ҵСˡ 
ȵĴѾǷеͬʱͷ䶯Ļһѷϡ 
ͷɨҶͺӱʫëļǵǷ۵ľΧԲȦͻȻĴ̼Ҷͺӱʫطһ 
ҶͺӱʫҪȼһȣⴥݵ죺͡ǣﻹɢһ㣺÷ 
Ҷͺӱʫ˱ǵСⲻ֮£ʼӲŵøˡָͷǵСٳſһ㣬¶ˮڣǳɫƤѪҺͦ𣬿ͺǾޱϵٴӰƤðͷˣۺɫԲŷ⣬һźŵĻ١ 
ǵڴתҶͺӱʫζӿˮͷϣֽ壬Ȼٴ٣պԽͦԽС춹ѿϣͿ𤻬ˮ 
Ҷͺӱʫǿȫ紥ſλϽ̬Ըꡣ 
һʱͷʹý飬ʱͷȥòĦͻСѿһָǵɫꡣĥصĳ壬Ҷͺӱʫֵûҷ̴ڷһ 
Ҷͺӱʫ⻬ϸ˫ȣǳɫˡΣïʢëǿҳ۹⻬ƤӰ𪣬ʱеһƬѣ 
ֻһӣӱʫĽдȻ߿˼ȵܺãûȣ 
Ҷȿ˵סϡ㡭塭ҡɡ 
˵㻹ûأҵڻûҺҲûҵأ 
Ҷʹ˫§ͷСӭذѶͽĿƷӱʫƵ̱ڴϣۿ 
ӱʫȫѩ׵ļ΢죬֧С鶹߸ߵͦţϣ̲մ¶ƷƷм䣬һĨ̺죬ѾȫſڣĴ 
Ҷſںӱʫϣ˫ѹסӱʫ˫֣ԼͬϣѰװ׵κͺӱʫ޵ѨһӭĴ 
˵ţҲ𣿡 
ӱʫȴһ˫Ĵ۾뺬Ц⣬ֱֱض˵ҿˣϹ 
ҶҲͬΪӱʫȰҲеýģԼŤĿռҲСһ˦һ˦ϵĳͺ飬һӦһ˵ɣ̣ɡ 
ٲԥ׼һ˽ȥ 
ҶͺӱʫͬʱԭĴҶѨͬʱָҲ̽˺ӱʫѨλν޾ǰһһ˽С 
һٴλأӱʫѨУû˶ʮӣӱʫȫˡ 
ӱʫ˵ϹŶҶˡҪˡϹкáҶһɡŶҵͷ̫ˡ嵽˼ӹˡ㡭ʹҵƨŤŤҪˡҰɡˡŶҪ 
ĿתҶʱĽдΪβľţ˵ҲľҪǵӹﶼҹ˾Һ𣿡 
Ҷ˵㡭Ŷһ㡭ⶼٱˡҰɡϹǰɡҲҪˡŶ 
ĴҶͺӱʫѨ;ڳ壬λνޱˮ˵䡣 
Ҳ֪˶ãҶȫˬ͸ййʱֶ̣ŨľҺֱҶӹһ󲿷֣Ȼɿذѻ侫Ĵγֲӱʫٳʮ°ʣľҺҲӱʫӹͬʱȵĸ߳ 
ºȻΪҶͺӱʫϵľҺˮǴӾºT˵ţһ˯ȵģԣǽ˯Ҿ˾λϢ 
ٺú˾λϢ˯Ũʱ򣬺ӱʫ˵Ϲ˼˯ãһ˯ɣ 
Ҷ˵Ϲ˼ºڣǰɣ 
˵ðɣҪЩ˯˺Ȧ㲻سڣҶͺӱʫ£˯֮䣬˵㲻£ 
Ҷ˵һЩã㽫һЩ 
ӱʫ˵һЩ£㿴׽һַֻزϣ˵еҵǷúܿ죿ҶҲַزϡ 
еĲǷT֮յģһִŪһͷ˵ΪôûӾµϽأ 
ӱʫ˵˼ºڣҪ㣬㲻𣿡㽫һ鷿 
Ҷ˵˼Ҽ˾λϢ˯ãҪһ˯ 
˵ûӾµϽôϵ 
Ҷ˵ⷽʱǣ 
ǵϸһº˵Сɵϣһı淨Ҫúõĺǻ 
Ҷ˵ġ 
ֱTڲ᲻صţ˵Щ˯ɣ̲סҪˡǾ˯ˡ 
ŪҶͺӱʫ㾲䳵ȥټ򵥵ϴ㿴ͼѰһ·ߣһ׼׵ҶͺӱʫҲѹ 
˵ţΪϴǱԻؼҡ 
ҶͺӱʫϴʱֻTӾ㣬ԭҰӰرԵԸпɰλľͷ 
ӱʫ˵˼Ҫİɣ 
˵ҪȻһЩ 
һᣬҶͺӱʫͬʱT¶Сӱʫ˵𣿡 
ҶT£˫ηزķǰ˵Ը𣿡 
ӱʫ״󵨵ѹϵգ˵𣿡ҶҲЧҲϵѹ⡣ 
ʱشǣŬز׽ÿһԸҶľͷҶͺӱʫҲŰڳ̬ͬգܿλõļ¼ұǵ̬ͬʱǵƬ 
ϺҶͺӱʫҲسڴ·ʱżǵ¿챻ûգǱȡǵ¿㣬Ǵ·Żؼҡ 
ӱʫ˵˼Ҵ·ȡҪѹ㿴 
ҶĴϣһ˫˵Ϲ˼Щۣ԰Ҹ𣿡 
˵ŵҪϹзԵɣ㽫Ҷѹ⣬ϸĵ· 
ӱʫ·ҶϷ죬ʮܣʣû𣿡 
Ҷ˵û£ 
Ǻӱʫ˵Ϲ˼ҲҪҸ£ 
һĴʱӱʫ㷢ΪҶϷ죬ΪĹɹʱĴʱѷӲĴͣĹɹŪʮӱʫߵ˵ϹܻǶ˼ҵƨɣŪ˼Ҳ֪۵ǰ 
˵ǰ£ûзӦ 
ӱʫ˵벻һΣ 
˵ҵȻ룬ҲûϴҲvҲ࣬ܣ 
Ҷ˵ϹһҪú÷ϴ 
ӱʫ˵ϹЩҴ°ɣҲҪϴ 
Ҷ˵Ұɣ 
ӱʫ˵Ҫ㣬ֻҪϹҴ¡ڶȥŪ 
˵Ҿͽ͵ 
ӱʫ˵Ϲϲɣ 
û淨ֻ·ݳȥ·ֱ;СùŻᡣ 
̤ҶͺӱʫɳϣҶ˵ϹҺʫʫһϴǱȥ 
˵ң 
ӱʫ˵ 
˵Ǻһϴһ˵һȥ 
Ҷͺӱʫԡңһϴһ죬֮󻹲ʱļЦԡʱصŴϢһһΣһһΡ 
ڸСʱҶͺӱʫԡܳҲԡ׷׷һᣬҶͺӱʫܿһһš 
˵ţ´һó̺𣿡 
Ҷ˵ڻҰǣ 
ӱʫ˵Ϲɫѽ 
˵ɫ 
Ҷ˵Լ֪ɣ 
Ҷͺӱʫһʱԭʼա




    28ƭ 

zzһֱû׷¡ 
ֱʥǰϦŵףʥ⵽Ϲһݏӣûе 
ڴʥʱŵϲôʥ͸𣿡 
ŵ˵衣 
ʱĴŪò֪ǺãȻڴѧǰ빫£ŵĿԻشΡ 
ʱ˵ŵУҪ˵ 
ŵ˵ǽ뽲˵Ҿý裬ԣ衣 
˵࣬˵ŵУ˵ЩǸ 
ŵв˵㣡Բ𣡡 
뿴һ˵ŵйԣְֻΪһ㡣 
Ҳǣʥͱεᡣ 
ͺǱٻ˾ѡʥֱ͸ŵһԼ͵PSPϷ͸һƤڣû͸ 
ֱʥϺŵӲؼϷҲ˼Ǳ㵽ļϷ 
ʱҲ磬ŵ˵Ҫˣȥ˯ɣ 
ŵøˣĿ뼸˵ŵſϻط˯ 
ֺɳһ죬˵̫ˣȥɡ 
͵ſڣ˶˵ 
Ժһζ֣ݺݵһţᣡҪˣ춺صͷط֡ 
¹ˡ߽ķڴһֻֽ§룬һֻȴƨϡ 
һ룬ۣȽš 
һֻѾë뱻һƿվǰ⿪ӣס 
ҲΥʲôˣ·ֻʣһװɫ˿ּֿ㣬ǰת¶žӨѩ׵ء۵ͻԲѩ׵ƨ˴ޱ 
˵Ҳѹ·˫ޱڣȽ֣ȥĶֿ㣬ȫĶûô⡣ 
Ҳϵޱ糺ͷֻͬʱ飬һͦأֻ飬üҧ 
˲ãеͻȻͣͷɥڴϣҲĵô£𣿡 
˵ҽУ 
뿴ͷԣ˵ëͿҽ飬㻹ŵкҡҪչˡ˵ʱš 
˵ë 
ʱǱ˵ǲң 
ʱҲϣ׷£Ҳ˵ԭɣԵǰһкʿһ˾˸װʱҲпΪѾȻչ˾ǷȱֽתԣĳＯֽ 
˵ڽʽ𣿡 
˵ǷһЩ 
˵Ƿ٣ 
˵ԼԪ𣡡 
˵ҽɣԽʽ⡣ 
˵ǮҲһСĿ 
˵ҺҲزԷ𣿡仰Ҳʾļ 
˵㷢ģһһһ⡣ 
Ц˵˵ҪҪƭҡ 
˵һеģŲˣúϢɣ 
˵ҿѹɵģһ԰һѣ 
˵ң 
ߵ˵𣿻ˣͷ账һסӲԡ 
ḧ㷢ͷһСعסԼԴ£һͷֱ㷢Ķҡڷ衣 
ĽݣԽԽˣҲסһѪĵӿ𣬿Ȼ 
ʱ죬æ³֮Ӳֱͷ֮͹סϲ̧ͷ˵ˣ㿴Ӳˣѹɵģ 
˫ֱס룡ͷȥ룬ߵɣ 
ź΢΢ͷ۾ͷߣӣæסС˱Ķţӵһǵ췭ظȻҡ 
Ҳ֪˶ãڴϣؿʼĶ䣬ḧĽŪһңֻӿ֣ķϮСѨڸһƬ 
ʼǱÿһطˬñ۾һҪˣң˼ĺ࣬ᡭ̲ס 
Ĵڲ࣬һССϸ죬䣬Ƭ꣬ʺ콿ۣס⶯ 
벻ɴߣæżת˵ˣ㲻ܿ 
ѩ׵ķ˵ҿطѩ׵ķΣȥľš 
ھһȦһȦţŪ˵ǶvôܡŶˬˡô򡭡ŶˣˣܲˣôңҶУ˰Ŷ 
벻Ȼط΢ͦСѨ΢΢⶯˷ǳ˱٣ſڰŭ͹Сס 
ʱˬָͷޣҪŪˣŶ 
Ūӣܲסейˣ˼ҿҪˡҪͣˣҪˡ 
˿ԺһƬհףֻʣһطﲻϵӿȪͻȻһɾ޴Ȫ緢˳һǿҵˮ籡弤ҵĲţǿҵš鴤š 
֪ŻһжƽϢ󣬷βһʪȵҺС 
϶͸Һ壬͸ŷڵĵƹ΢΢šմһҺ壬嵽ǰţ֪ˮٿԼĴڲȫҺ壬֪ԼȻˣ 
֫ڴϣһ˫ĺſѹϣմˮӣѲ涫ϱֱſС죬 
еСϸĴţָСѨĥţٴУﲻǺǵ 
Ҳ˫ȴţĴСѨϣҲùͷţҲ̧Σ˳ֱ 
еʵоһ£ʱԼ˵ң壬Ȼ󣬻Ħĳܹǣ۵Ҳ 
˫ֲϵţţԭ崿šò˵룬ڱκ졢߳лĳ鶯ҲԽԽ磬ѩ׳ҲԽԽҡ 
ִֺزǽСխڣҲزס̵Ĵһһ 
ΪԼŪڷŵ˫Χӣͷ£Сͷ㼴һ壬ڴУͷֻځѡ 
£һ˫ѩ۽ס˫磬һ˫yѩȽסȫȹ֫鴤һԶ飬ʹҵؾΡ鴤 
벻ͣİڶβеԼĴСѨнʱһɹɵˮָСɵĸš 
ܵĴ̼Ľгæţ 
һ˶ΪԼܲˣϾ˸ֲ߳ҽгУˮѨڣ˵Ҫˣң㣬ʹ 
Ҳ˸ߵ㣬ҺӹУֳƳ˼ʮ£á 
߳ѹ˫ֱסͷ˵˭׼䵽ȥ˼ڿΣڰ 
˵ô޸ұһʷʰװ׵Сɣ 
һƿһ˵ҪЩγ 
û֪ʱȡһöӲָϣ˵޸Ұɣ͸ʥεš 
ߵ˵黳ҵĹȥ𣿡 
˵ֻ֪ǵĽǹȥӣҲôöԸ𣿡˵ų˼¡ 
˵ˡ顭 
鶯ֿʼ˵㲻ԱԸ⣬ҵӦˡ 
ޡޡзӦˣššǻˡ 
֮ھֻ֨֨󡱵ûˣִֺͣߣ˫˫Žȫֲһֱ񵽲ž뼫˫ӵ˯ 
ڶŵӦʱŵĵ˼衱ǲʧȥĸǡһڡɹһܰĽա 
⾰ڲ֮˱仯Ԫ׸ѧգ뷢δϰ࣬׷µ֪ԪǰҴְ¿κٵŵѧУŵѧ 
㵽ļǣżδӦţŷһȱȫдģݴҪԭ²Ƕ𣬻ᾡ 
ʱӦΪΪ˱ծʱ뿪ԳʱҲĵȴһһչȥ뻻һһʧΪ˱淨Ҳûҵ 
ķ»δʱ쵽ũ꣬żȻһ˫һԵŮеǰ·ããʹᵽԼƭƭɫ 
һеưɾͬѧۻʱһϤҵһĿ꣡ 
͵͵ưλȽϸߣյĵƹҲưûз뷢һǴѧײĵϵ̣οʡ̸֪ΪβŮİ 
ʱһ˵ôĿꣿ 
ײ˵ҴѧϵһŮ 
һ˵ҲδϹѧŮ 
ײ˵һδ˵꣬ѣѻһŮѣŮԹһУҿҲһޣڴһֲʱٽѵһŮѣСŮҿУ治֪Ǻá 
һ˵ʱǲǹۿСŮĴϱݣ 
ײ˵ʱһμӱҲԣ 
ȥҲǲ˵ʱԺײ˵ŮܾҶʱЩ۸ŮƭӣҪúöԸЩƭӣйеŭ 
˵ڶ죬ײڴѧ﹤¿ʱҪҶĹһЩϣײûжҶκβ죬ֱһҶ뿪ʱҶһʱײæǰס˵𣿡 
Ҷ˵ûˣֻЩһʹ 
ײ˵Ұ߻һЩ˫ֱϥǹؽڴŤҶҪƿ֪ײһ˫ϣһħҶֻᣬ飬һ֫ζֱȴ˵ζеģʹƿײЩԸƿײ 
Ҷ䲻Ը⣬ȴ˹ȥƹӳ£ֳ̺ɫ 
Ҷ˵סס֡ҡ 
ײ״ҶĶϣ˵Ҫҷſ㣿 
Ҷȫ˵ҡҲ֪㡭㡭֪ǵһθ˴ζ 
ײϸסҶһͽʵʵײ§ڻ 
ײҶ§ţʹѣ˫־ʹظıëֱϸ۵Ƥײڼ£ѾֵĿӽ⿪ˡһֻҲûȥ⿪ţпťۣҶȫʧȥãֻһ¾˽ȥԲķΣֱķ 
ҶţͻȻߵˣ˵ſſңҪоˣҪҪ桭˵ֻǴڴڵشϢţһץϰǰ㡣ײĹɹֱȥƶ֮䡣 
Ҷʱˣȫײϣ˫ؾ¡ 
ʱײڳëºһϣѵ¶ߵæֱѹǰסҪλײȼٲŪŪǡŶŶţȻ־ͺ׵ذֱҶ˫鷿ǳڶǿžµСͷţͱײĴŪȥҶ鷿ϴŪȻȥŪ鷿ɲͬ״ĴָʳָزŪͷͷȥײҶŪȫܲˣӱＱٵ 
ײҶɬɰӣţҶæܿײţͷţȻҧĶʱҶԸдײ׾ݣ鷿Ū˫֮䱻֣ڻ϶ǣʱ֪룬Ūñ۾ֱ۵С촽ˣײش°˹ȥѾ֮ǰѾ˫ͷӲ˿ıݡҶѾȫܷšſСĴͷ˽ȥҶŪĿˮҲһ˽ȥСⶼͿһƬǽ塣 
ײûҶƵϣһ˫Բִ𪶯˵鷿ȫ¶˳ײ˫ץȥִ꣬ŪͷҶ˫ַץ֣ȴƿ˫ִŪ鷿 
ײͻȻվ˫ѸٰҶëºִƣȫҲ鷿ҡҡ׹Ҷŵ˫ֻǰ˵ҪҪѡ 
ײ˵Ұ㣬Ұ꣬İ㣡ңҰɣײһ˵һ߰Ķ̿СڿҲһӳȣҶҲ̧ηҶæһ鷿һ˽ 
ײִ֮˽ȥҶʱȫͷźźߡײָСѨﶺŪ 
ײȴżָŪҶСѨʹϣڱԲԲ۵ķΣײͻȻųͻȻķϣָѨƬֿȥǸͷѨ 
ҶҪ 
ײҶѨţͷɽѨʹˮȻҶû֦ҲԷȫŤһ˫Ҳͣҡš 
ײ˽ŪţҶԽԽ󣬺Ҫ޳ײͷͻȻһȻľϣһȦ󣬾ͳƨＷȥײͷʱǿľҶûӾɾˮ̴Ѩ˳ѾĿڼŪø߳йϡ 
ײҶٱסʱѾ÷ˣת׵ѹϡҶ˵崿ɰһŮѣһİ㣬Ұ 
ҪҪѡҶؿ飬ײַס죬ҶȴþòŰ˵͡ 
ײ˵ԼƨĶԼҲ򿴣˵ͣѸղＷŪͷŪҶһܿͱͷԺſСףͷҲš 
ײҶ˫ȹͳѨ궯˼£Ҷʱ飬䲻Ը⣬ȴӭײļ١ 
ͻȻ䣬⴫һҶ˵̣Щҵ̣Ҷʱѹײƿ˱㼱æĴ· 
·ײһվ⣬װе˵˵ɣ 
ײҶ˵ôãҳٶлæҶҴҵȥһʱһµСŮһ롣 
Ҷ뿪ײһЩҵĵҪֽȥ 
ߵͣȡʱзҶһݳȥʻ˷߽ķ䡣 
˵ղûк 
Ҷߵ˵ûУΪô֪ 
ǽҹھư˵¿ʱȥҶҲһ֪֮Ҷײ£֪⣬ԴҴҵȥҶʱüֹҪҵҶҪҶĳ 
Ҷ˵룡л㣡 
˵㲻ҪлңֻЩ벻ͷǸУ 
Ҷͷͬ˵кһ޳ɣ 
˵вǷһˣҲ̫֪ 
Ҷ˵ҿӱʫæҲͬ⣬ҶµҺӱʫӱʫź󣬱һڴӦҶҪ 
˲ãӱʫᣬ˽һк뽲μƻ顣 
һ׺󣬺ӱʫ˵ΪôҪ֪ 
Ҷ˵ҶһЩԲ¡ 
˵ֻ֪㡣 
⵽Щı䣬ǶܴһЩ⣬˵ѧ㣡û°ɣҷص˵ޣ˵ǿ԰ֵһЩ⣬һзҲܽ⡣ 
˺˫һ㿪ʼµᷢйڷİο£ֹϵ󣬷˵ѧ㣡Ǻýãһ֧㡣ÿҽǷУ㡣 
˵лġ 
ӱʫ˵룡Ҳ֧㡣 
Ҷ˵ʶҲԵݣͽΪã𣿡һ˱޳ɣӴ˱ΪѧĶ𻨡 
ֹ죬ײڹԤܵʱͻȻ˽̣㷽Щҵĵ̣ͷһ롣 
ײ뻵˺ºҶξܾ˺Ķ쿴ԵõһЩǿʼڵĽ⡣ 
ҲײЩĲݸʱĿһЩۛi. 
ײ˲ñĿһԼʮƣ룬һͻ赹ϣҲҶӱʫͷڣ򷮱˵ĵҳЩܺŮĵȫ֮ŮǡҶͺӱʫ˵ǰҰŮޡ 
˱㿪ʼֹ롢Ҷͺӱʫ˾ţ֮ܽײᵽŮޣǸϽײѹ⣬һŮװΣ˵ҿʼɣǲҪ 
һֱײŪţʼһ죬ϣײ侫ҪһԵ侫̸ףҲ˻δɹټϺķŪǿŪײ侫 
˵ΪôҪΪ 
˵ΪãڲȶεҲûţҪҪҵĶҵ𣿡 
˵Ѿȫ١ 
Ҷ˵ʱ俪ʼˡһ֧ǿӵܽҶ 
ҶܽͿײ֣ٽסΪֹҶ˵룡᲻һЩ 
˵۸Ů֪֡Ҷʱָеİ 
ײ⾫ʵġա˵Сĵ뿪Ҫ˷֣ӡƬУ԰뿪ʱȡײԭ· 
֪񡱣Ů߽Ůڣ¼㾪УġաͬڴѧＴաСײѧˣűʹ뿪ѧѳ׵𣬶ʹŪʱʹʹ˸£ͬʱײвٵ 
롢Ҷӱʫͷ񿴵ǵĵ֮ĵ΢Цӱʫȿ˵룡һЩ𣿻ǷУ 
˵ҲǺϢ 
Ҷ˵ȥף 
شʱ˽һ裡һŵ 
ŵ˵ŵУȥ 
ŵ˵裡Ϊôǣ 
˵Ҳûµַ͵绰ǣ 
ŵ˵ϵдеַ͵绰㿴𣿡 
ʱҲǷǲȱȫܸŪۣ˵ְ 
ŵ˵ְֵͣһָ˵ 
ֳһʻܹǰһйеŭŵֻһ̡ 
һ㽫ϵһʻ룬˵޸Һ𣿡֮ٴ´ȡ͵ǰ 
һʱҲ֪ش𣬱˵һˣ㡣 
˵µַ͵绰ûк磬Ϊԣµ㣬ҰһºҺŵоϻ㣬㵱 
ŵ˵裡Űְְɣһ^^ճһݱָֽһţ뿴˺ҲЦ˳ 
öָһδһʤĳӣлܼ¾ѹԳɼ꣬ʸóμܼʱʣϽҪʱȥ顣 
ŵ˵裡Űɣ 
˵ɵϣʱ䣬Ҫ˭飿 
˵Ȼ㡣һѡڣȿʼﱸ񡣡 
뱳˵һӦ𣿡˵ԸĴ𰸡 
Ҳ֪ôֻúƤ˵룡ҰһһһӦҵ顣 
ŵһ˵裡Ӧɣ°ְҲûңҲ˼ 
˵Ƿҳ𣿡 
˵룡ϴӦ𣿡 
˵ɵϣŵҲ裬ɣ 
֪Ӧ飬ǰǣִ˽ӡ 
뿪ǰҶӱʫͷ˵ҽ첻ȥףЩһȥɣ 
ӱʫ˵룡һҲȥ㲻ҪлҪﱸ 
Ū죬˵ҽʱҵãҲһף 
Ҷ˵ǱӦá 
˵ҵʱһݴ㡣 
˵лǣʱǣŵȥ 
ڳ֪к󣬽ϵʽ廹ծ鹫˾ʽѲ࣬պʱ⵽һӱδһʤĳҪҼܼ࣬ԏDӵľ֪ıӦƸκ󣬳ӳɼͻͽӦĸװӪҵN. 
Ҫ˾ӿһƹ㲿춱ҵΣƹҵ񼰿Ʋ




29 

ũ쵽ˣѧҲʼ٣ͬʱѧҲѧĻؼҹڿʼ塣 
춷ؼҹڣԣҲӦ˾պȻᵽļסһ𻶶ɼѽڡ 
깺ǲȱٵ£Ҳ˾պȻٻ˾װʱҪ˾պȻṩһЩҪ˾պȻõװҲ 
˾պȻ˵Ϊôҿô 
˵ǵzܣ֪꣬ 
òֵϦ˾պȻͷ극󣬱˫˫Զȥ仨УֱҹǲŻؼҡ 
ǻصʱѾ˯˾պȻ򷮱˵һ𣿡Ҳȷش𣬱һ˵һķڡ 
뷿˾պȻ㽫ŹϣӺ滷סСůڻʹ˵ȥϴ𣿡ıϢڷĶͶͨŮ˵еش 
˾պȻƴŵӽëůϸļʽƣָⴥ鷿ԵֵıԵʱ˾պȻȲؽִֵײȥ뽫鷿ס鷿ǳŴظסһƬ¡鷿 
˾պȻһ˱ŷ촽⣬һڷ˫ߣظ࣬壬ҲżԾ³ߣﲻ΢΢Ť 
ǹ󣬷΢΢ſԴۣߵؿ˾պȻһۣض˵ԣ㣬𣿡 
˾պȻͷڷĶҧһ£Ȼڷ˵UҺҪ㣡 
ؿߵؽ˫ۣ˵UУÿҲӦ㣬ĲС㲻ǿҰɣϹ 
˾պȻһڷһ֮ȥȫˮ溬Ҳ˵ֻش˾պȻоԼĴѾӲˣ˳ץסҵ̽Ŀ¡ 
˾պȻ˵Uһ죬Һ𣿡 
˵СϹ滵ʱҲ롭ŪңСú÷񣬵ҵ· 
ߵذ½⿪˾պȻĿ¿ӣ¶צĴؽͿĴƤҪҧͷϵۣȻſӣСĺסϺ췢ĴͷڿǻŪĴͷĹͷĹﻬʱ㴽˱ҧŷʼǰζͷŪ˾պȻĴ˾պȻҲŷٶͦϣܰĴһ㣬˾պȻƨɼٵİڶĴڷٳ壬ֻǰŮüǵùĹĵģĴҪ嵽ĺȥˡ 
˾պȻָëȥ˫飬ȥᴷ鷿ʱͣŤ壬ʼնû뿪˾պȻĴ 
ม㡭ӣССѨù񫡭˾պȻĴСţֻһůΧĹͷĿɢȫ֫ٺĴ˱ŪüӲ¶ִޱȡ 
˱˾պȻĹͷǵ쳣ÿιйȥϷһӸ߿µĸо 
˿ѱѱؿĻ˾պȻĴǰͦʱݺƤЦ溬 
һһİĴͷǰŹͷص˱ţȻ𲽽 
˾պȻͷŷС콫Լ͵÷Ĵ׺ţл籩꣬ӰķӦȫݏ˵Ĺңͬϵļ 
ע⵽ĴһֱұھĽȻظ˱£˾պȻСҲɵسţͻͷʹһ 
֪Ҫˣӽϵ׶˾պȻĴСţ鷿˾պȻҲ̲סҺ͡ˡڣ֪˾պȻͷھͷſɣСȻŹͷϸĵΪĴǬ󣬲ŽС˳ 
˾պȻͷŷԼľҺ£ߵ̧ͷ˵ɣڹԹԵĻط𣿡 
˾պȻȻ뿪𷮱˵ҽ뱧㡣ҲԼþҺŷ죬˳鷿 
˾պȻһὫƿ˵ˣֻЩ 
˾պȻʱϿҵ˵ҲֻЩֻһҾ㣬㲻ϺҲԡ 
˵Сֻ˵Щƭҡ 
˾պȻ˵ҿԷģҡ޷˵ȥΪ켺ӣϡ 
һᷮƿߵĶ˵ɣҪģҸһᣬҪԹԵĻطδ˾պȻӦëڣн⿪ֵıֱۣ鷿 
ʱ˾պȻ˵ҲӦһ£ҲŻط 
˵Сô£ 
˾պȻ˵ԺҲҪҵľҺ 
˵㲻ϲ𣿡 
˾պȻ˵ϲҿôҽҰʹ 
˵ϲſΪÿڣֻҪҪҲӦ㡣 
˾պȻ˵ȻΪôУ 
˵ֻнУ֪һĴ𰸣Իط𣿡 
˾պȻ㲻ãҲֻùԹԵָʾʱ򷮱˵ӦҲҵľҺ𣿡 
ߵ˵ϲõУ㲻ϲҿáŰ㡭СϹ 
˾պȻ˵ʹ࣬СɵϡҲ˵ϢɣͲƯڷһº󣬱طϢ 
ֵܿ˵ڶϣһõһʼ˾պȻһϴϺ󣬱ȥҷ񣬵һӻδзӦ뿪һԣȻδнϣԣ׵ڡ 
˾պȻڴϣ͸ڷϣ÷ϳһĹԡ 
˾պȻϣŷݣס촽 
ʱſ۾˾պȻ֧򦣬סԼ˾պȻ˵簲Сˣף֣ˣߵޱֻ¶ͷЩϴЦ˵簲Ҳף֣ѧҵгɣ 
˾պȻ˵Сˣ𴲰ɣ 
˵ȳȥһᣬװϣٺһְ֡ꡣ 
˾պȻˡҲֻձ棬ŷô²֪Ƿô񲻿죬Ҫ֣ԽԽҪʧȥ 
˾պȻ֮ʣ֪˶ãͻȻ򿪣ԭڷŵڵϣһһ׺ɫȹһԺɫƤѥһװȫգȹļгõΡ 
˾պȻճյ˵ҲÿǷɫ⡣Ϊ֪ɫäģɫͲˡ 
˾պȻ˵ǣ 
˵ͺˣ»òãһ𣿡 
˾պȻ˵Ȼðɣ뷿СΡ 
˾պȻΪΡϺ󣬷ˣ˾պȻġա 
ͻȻ˾պȻ׽ŷ֣˵СǷҪ뿪ң 
˵ΪôҪʣ 
˾պȻ˵Ϊôҵ̬Ⱥͬ·ҲҪҾ˯һҲܾԣҪҶȥ 
˫ֱȦĲӣϣٽͷԼǰ˵Сɵϣһܰ㣬֪ΪôһĴ𰸡 
˾պȻ˵ģʱҲŷ 
˵ŮѣʱҾ뿪㡣 
˾պȻ˵ұ^ֻһһ⡣ 
˵С˵ôϿңҸһСϲ 
һС˱ʼµһ꣬˾պȻİְ֡꣬ѽʾΪδϱԣһҲڣһЩݺѵ꣬Ҳæкˣ˾պȻİְܷ֡ʶד£ŪЦտ 
ùź˾պȻ常ἰļһˮī˾պȻİְҲô˵ϱ㵽˾պȻ常ļͣԭ˾պȻԴһ֪ͬУ˾պȻҲҪͬУˮī󣬿սһһڴӦˡ 
뿪˾պȻİְֽйҲ˼ڻؼҹڣԴھֻ˾պȻͷ 
˾պȻͷʰϺ˱ڿ͵ӽĿͷ˾պȻļϣ˾պȻҲСһᣬԭΧ֣ƶȹȥḧΡ 
ͻȻᰴ˵ǲǳҲ˼ҵƨ𣿡 
˾պȻ˼ʱ˵ǣǲǸƨɣ 
ߵ˵ǽҼƨɣ˵Һ˺ʮֿģҡ 
˾պȻ׺˵㣬ǲٴΡ 
˵Ҳ۸ң޷˵ȥΪ˾պȻÿڶסͣԭҪ˵Ļһȫ˻ضȴǷԼҪ˵ˡ 
˾պȻ̵ҺĸУʱ˴ϸּɵͷ׷˾պȻĶŪ뷭ͬʱ˵Һʼǵ롣 
Ϊ˱Ů֣Ȼ˾պȻӵ֮ļǵҪȥֹ 
ǿ뿪˾պȻжĿҰǣ˵˻ؾͲá 
˾պȻڷϸֱ˵ְֺȥսҪŻйҲ˼٣ʱֻҺڡ첻˵һСϲôСϲ 
˵˼ǰ˼¿£֪ɫäģԣҴϺǷÿ 
˾պȻڴϣ˵Ƿǿ£ֿʼĥ򷮱زͬʱڴڵŷˮܡ 
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˾պȻ˵ڿԿ𣿡δشѽȹť۽⿪˵һڶ 
˾պȻǸûۺõĿӿȥȥÿװ۵ϰм鹵ɫֶһ㣬Ĵ򷮱ˡ 
ʱʱһº죬ֻ»һڣԼͦ鷿һ붼¶˳һһģһץסؿڵѿӿϣе˾պȻĴӲĶβ 
װ˵Сҵ·ǻҵƨɡԭ㿴ڲԡһָ˾պȻĳȥǡ 
˾պȻ˵ٿһЩɣ 
˵ԣҪҪȫֻһЩҲ㿴 
˾պȻһ˵Ҹ㿴һЩٿһЩ𣿡 
˵ȸҿô˵ɣ 
˾պȻ˵¿ѷӲĴһ˵ҲˣЩɣ 
˾պȻ˵Ӳ£һջȥ 
˵֪ô 
˾պȻ˵ûô£ֻԸеŮȻӲ 
ŮҲϲדҲ⣬ټȷһŮɵדǶ̶̵һ˵Ҳе˵СôӲСڴģһѡ 
˾պȻ˵ң 
ͻȻվ˾պȻɳϣ˫ϵĺɫƤѥ֮˾պȻ֮䣬ȥĴţ󣬺ʱµʱιͷΧдʱŪǧӵأʱᣬ֬ϵ˵𣿡 
˾պȻ鵽泩ľ磬˫۷ֱˬԾء˳ûʱȥش 
˾պȻԽԽǸоǻһ㣬üҪȴһ̡塢ӹȥˣֻǵԽԽ󣬷оеĴ𽥵һҲѪš 
ʣ㡭׺ûѽ 
˾պȻҲǲϲµţǡǲһ㡭มมáĵС񡭡㡭ҡ 
ˇˮ´ڴ߾ۼһҺ³һڵĿˮεǸҪĴִϵҺͻȻӿٶȣſˮٵŪ˾պȻܵͻĴ̼ˬUƴŷ֣һǰһģڳĸо 
˾պȻ˷ܵش󺰣ááеоˣС񡭡һ̼Ҹоˡ 
ˣһҧͷϵķ˦һͷƮ˿˦˦۵˾պȻһְۣϽť۽⿪¶ŷظںɫͺɫ˿ߵһ߼ӿŪٶȣһͷۿ˾պȻ 
˾պȻԼŪ˵½ķ⣬ôô毺覣ƫƫôҵؿԼ˾պȻĴȸڷؿϣһһģ鷿ͱѹñֵȥĦ˾պȻפڷ鷿ϡ 
Ҳ֪Լ鷿УֻҪһͻ̲סɧ귨Լ鷿ϴ࣬岻ȻеԲβһһεġ 
˾պȻǱȻ֪ˣȴֹȥһץס鷿 
С㡭ôҵ䰡ŶҪƿôСôƵö˾պȻħ֡ 
ǰС㿴ǵôӲôʱˣҷԽԽˣ㲻ף䣬˻Ͳˡ˾պȻĴ־ͷƵڷ鷿ϴŪָͷѾڣۣСְֻҷֽһЩǲַ 
Ȼˡѽ㶯˼ҵ䡭вĵŶҪˡͻȻһ¡˾պȻ־ڷ鷿ϣִ꣬˾պȻֻץסһ鷿Ǳָ۰ֲƵģ˼һ澰 
ҪСôҡҪҪҪ쵽ȥŶ˾պȻָͷѾ嵽棬ֱͷºԳסһ춷鷿ĺܱģְֱʵһ·ɣ鷿˶۵鷿ʹĳһ۵κС˵ͷϻζ 
˾պȻץסһһָʱŷӲͷ˵úõ㣡鷿Ū 
ĽҲص˾պȻϣ¸˾պȻԲͦ鷿ͳѹڴϣСֻһ̲ͣǺ˾պȻˬôһסջ֪ˣ͸Ͻ𷮱񣬰һ˫鿿ѹڷϣٵ˵Сס롭˾ͻú㡱 
ôطҲŪں㻨͸ǰСִűǵ鷿ס˾պȻĴԼһε齻׸˾պȻ 
ŶˬеԣеҺˬ졭춯˾պȻֱͦӣӲ⻬ڷ鹵м 
ͷСְ鷿ţ˾պȻͦĴԼ۱鹵лͷϷڳҺͺˮʹûǳ˳ҲöɫС 
졭졭ˬҪˡ˾պȻܲɧ˵齻ҪˣͻȻһס鷿Լٵͦ鹵пٴ 
ʱſԸ˵С죬һڽ˾պȻĴȫ̽һ̵ףһ˫С֣Ҳţ˳Ŵ˹ȥ 
ͬʱ˾պȻҲ˳Ŷˡ˾պȻлŮĿڽ̼£ѻɵϣҲղסŧŧľҺһԶȫԸƯķԸСС 
ཡཡŴԱһڻˮ©Ƶģ˾պȻĴҺһ㲻ʣȫȥѴľҺǬǬ˾պȻˬ˼㡣 
򾻺ŽĴ³֪ԼˣСȴ˵СûҴҵ䣬һЩճŶô·ﲻģͦһ˫ΰεģĦǸʹһ˫鷿ˡ 
˾պȻȴ˳ץס˷һ˫鷿˼£˵СҺöлңϵ㲻ã˵˵ŴŻ鷿ȥ 
ʱС۵ҪɰжɰﻹţС˼㣬㻹˵Ҳáһ˵һ߽ĴŻؿڡ 
˾պȻ˵ǰ˵ҲҵľҺû˵ÿμЩҲеʹȻǰǰشŷ鷿 
һᷮĵվѰ鷿׻ȥڷʰֵʱ¶鷿˺ü¡ܿ׺ֺ֣ϸذΧⶼȥſۺµĿӣ˵Ȼ㲻ϲÿڰ㣬СԺҲҲ㡣 
˾պȻһеŭ⣬ǱǰӺţ˵С˵һ㣬㲻ҪϲҲԣ𣿡 
ʵ෴ϲ˾պȻת˾պȻ˵СģֻԼ˼ҡ 
˾պȻ˵Ϊ˵Сȥ 
ֵ죬˵ﻹЩ 
˾պȻСֱ֣һ£˵ûӣҵıŮϲôҲֻ÷ӣȥϷС졣 
Ҳӣͷ˫ӵͷ촽һʱĴȵؽӣ˾պȻ˫ֲʱ·ȥ񱳺ΣҲŤŤȥͬʱе˾պȻµĴٴǴ˵ССѨҲʼʪ赻q 
񼸾ƿ˾պȻ˵С벻뿴ôģȥķ 
˾պȻ˵￴ 
ܾʱ绰𣬷㸩ȥʰɳ绰ſɳ绰һ硣 
绰˵ι衭ף彡˼Ҹʰʲô¡˱ڵ绰лҳպ˾պȻ̬ȼ˾պȻ 
˾պȻ󵨵ٴ§ס˷Σ·ȥḧΣһȹȥ·˿ࡣ 
ûûʲô˱ֱŪһЩطһͿȴ൱˾պȻ׵ذ˿ȥ 
ðɣҵٲŻټߺվ˾պȻ˵С˼ҽ绰ң 
˾պȻ˵Ҷһʱļ뿴µôģ 
˵ڲ㿴 
˾պȻ˵ҿһЩɣ 
˵ֻҿһЩҪľͿȫ˾պȻһֽεţһֱֻȥ· 
˵Ҳ˼Ҳƿ˾պȻܵеס˾պȻܣȻֻ΢ķ˾պȻ׵ȥ·ʱֻʣкɫ˿Ƶĺɫ˿֣ڿͬһɫİʽֿ㣬Լ֮䶼Կɫεëش 
˾պȻԸ󲻽ĿڴҲʱƿ˾պȻһ˵ƣͷ´˫ֻؼŪŷأ˵ɣ˾պȻûֽܵǰԸŮѵ˵Ƶ˵ȫʧȥӦĴδܻش𣬼´κһٻӰ 
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˾պȻһѽ˵СѶˣǾ𣿡 
˾պȻԴߵһɵע˾պȻȵ˫ۣĶ˾պȻ˹򷮱ٶſǬʵ˫ȵӵС 
˾պȻдŻȵĿǣ컹ŷ¿ֽ۵壬Ҫסˡ 
߸̵鷿˾պȻĥĴ̼£ѾͦͷűڸʺšеֻȻɵĸо÷忪ʼġ 
ָоãķɿ죬ֻǶ̶̵һӾ÷ȫȵء 
ͦͷ¸ԵȣѶϢ˾պȻϲֺߵسɵİ 
ááָоȥҲ˳˾պȻԼ塣 
ߴߴţڼֲ֪ر鷿ʼ֣ǸӣҰСĺͷһӳĿУǰ͹Щͺ͹ĴƵģһֱ˾պȻơ 
˾պȻȵĴֱڷ鷿תָͷһֱŷӣƵͷػôһ£ϸСͬԾҲʵؼ 
Ի۽ΰʱѾ˾պȻ˫ϸһ԰۵鷿ɾȫûڣһһغǰ˶˾պȻʶȤæǽҺ˹ɵؿŪŷ鷿 
˫ǰ˾պȻͷԼһؾصŮһȴ鷿˱ŷͷţһӸɣһɵ_򷮱֫СĿʹ˫ͣ󷴵§ͷƮظоУʹ˷ܣƹµͷʺ͹ͦСѨҲʼˮ 
˾պȻ˽Сķ񣬰ĽɳϣδȫµڿҲβ˾պȻµڿʱȴߵסԸеĲλ 
ʱҲȫɳϣ²κڱ毺õ塣˫ȽţֻƻСϣͼԸеصش 
˾պȻ˵ 
ߵ˵˼ҵһܺߡ 
˾պȻ˵ҾҪСѨ 
˵ǺǡɲԲҪ 
Ȼô˵˾պȻǰڸ˫ָ 
˾պȻƿ˷˫֣Ŀۺɫ۱۷۵ѾʪƬɫ֮䣬͸¶ֵС졣 
˾պȻͷ˵Ҫһֱ 
˾պȻ˵Һһڡ 
˵ҪŮĵطvvġ 
˾պȻ˵ǶĵطղҲҰ 
˫סԼߵı˵ϡ˼ҿǶͺ 
˫ѾϣôԸеĺɫֵشû˼ˡ˾պȻѷϸ׵˫ƿ۵˫С֮ĳгɫʡ۵Ƭ໹еϡĶë۱֮仹ʱ¶͸ʪҺ塣 
˾պȻͷ˽Ѩ 
˾պȻȥŷۺɫëȻƶŷԸеȻֻ幫ֲľ롣˾պȻͷȥŷƬ 
˵⡭ô 
ַ˾պȻļ򣬶ľٶе൱˷ܡ 
˾պȻо⴫صζǷѨȻƬ۴֮ϵһ飬ټǷС꣬Ļ֮С 
ʼУ㡭㡭ôᡭŪܻҮ㡭㡭㡭Сม 
ƽɳϣǰ¡˫ĴϢš۵СҲͣ¡˫ƽ֮ƽ̹Ȼּͦ۵ͷȴԡ 
˾պȻʼõȥ·٣˾պȻľٶŪҪܲˣеԽԽ˫Ȳͣ˾պȻţֱҲץסɳ࣬˵ҡҡҿ졭ˡมҪม㡭 
˾պȻ˵𣿡 
ʱɳ˫ֳ˾պȻļϡǽϡ˾պȻ˳鹵΢Ϣһ¡ 
˵㡭㡭ᡭˡһֱŪġҡһᡭҪšǺǡáɡ 
˾պȻѷɳڿ찮æ˵ȥɣڿ˼һẦߡ 
İɣСˣǾһڿɣҵĴҪˣϲ𣿡˵ţס֧ڷϴŪֳԲ 
ߵ˵ջ˼ˣѴ˼Ұɣ 
Сˣ˵ţ˾պȻƨһ򣬴̡һ˷ˮⶴڡ 
˾պȻЦ˵Сʹھ㱻ɫǼô 
˵ᣬĻÿ¶ɵ˼棬ײ˼ӹںءε˼ں顢ˬ 
˾պȻ˵ССѨӿˮӨ͸ģܿɰ˰ͷ 
ʼʶĻش𣺡ءµ˼ӹˣµ˼Ŀˡ 
˾պȻһ߸ŷѨһǰ鷿һһģ̲סࣺСǷˣҼ˫ǰҡڣʮˡ 
ߵ˵С˼ұ棬᲻󡣡 
˾պȻ˵ԺŬȥ䣬˫ٷ˵ţָȥŪͷ 
˵ᣬȡЦ˼ҡ 
һΣ벻ƽʱ˹Ĵ󷽵ķ񣬾ʼϲ˾պȻ˵Щv 
ʱ˾պȻҪ󻻸ƣţ÷档 
˾պȻϥϣ׳Ĵ滹մˮ 
˾պȻ˵ԣ 
ô֡͡춷˾պȻ˾պȻ˫ֱסķ´̲ס͵һ£ԼѨһ֧һһĳ塣˾պȻȫֺ׳ͷѩ׵ķɫγǿҵĶԱȣټ˽ϵĽдܽϵġžžžˮ󼦰Ͳٳġ̡ټ˼ҽϵɳһҵĻ档 
˾պȻüͷ壬գҧ´ѩŪĵʶԼͦΣ˾պȻоԼ赽ʵİƮƮɵϢˣŷǰӿ˫壬Ϊ̾Ҳ̲סһֱסβҲ˱ͦ飬һŪ顣 
˵С滵Ѩ壬һ䶼ú 
˾պȻ˵Űƣ 
ϸ˵ƣȻЩΪ飬 
˾պȻ˵ỹиˬġ˵ţ˾պȻͰѷ˫ȱ𣬲§סĲӣ˾պȻŷڿ߱߸ɣСˣ 
ߵ˵ᣬ˼ұ㱧ű߲߱壬ˮҲһأΪ飬ȸղŸ񿴵ǽϴӵԼԽӣߵý˫ֻۣý§˾պȻĲӣš 
˾պȻͽ׳ӯҪ˰ԸеŮийʽĽϣ׾١ 
˾պȻŷߵʱ˵Сô 
ߵ˵ڡߵذͷ˾պȻϡ 
˾պȻ˵Сˣſ£ٰƨ̸ߡ¡ 
ɵ𣬺ԹԵſţβ̧صȴ˾պȻĴ˵Сɣ 
˾պȻ̡ͦһ뷮ܵѨڣʼŷ񣺡𣿡 
˾պȻһ߳差ѨһҲĴԲΣſű˾պȻѨŤƨʱǰ鷿Ҳǰҡڣ˾պȻ̲סһһץסŪ 
˵СϹ˼Һ顭ˬᣬ˼ҵˡ 
ĸ߳Ҫʱ˾պȻͻȻͣԭڷѨĴҲڵ̺ϣ֧մˮĴȻͦ˵Сˣһɵú 
СѨѵҪ˾պȻĴͼ㺦ߵ˵滵Ц˼ҡԹԵؿ˾պȻסĴһ˵ô֡͡ŴĲʵڸоʱеղ˵ĸ߳ټһһµŪĴܵѨ˾պȻĴģˮҲŴ˾պȻŴغϡ 
˾պȻҲţŷǰһҡΣһһץסŪʱʱ˾պȻҲ̧ȥһһ£ɵ÷顢ҺĽ 
˾պȻ˷Ƶڵ̺ϣԼΪ϶¶ԷĿ˳ĺ²嵽˼ӹˣ 
˾պȻһᣬ˫쵽£˫ֽΣֽС˼ң˼Һߣë˼ƨɺᡭ¸ɵ˼Ѩĺ顭 
ʱ˾պȻҲûʱش𣬱㽫ƽڵ̺ϣһͻԱпԸСѨ 
˾պȻѹŷŮµķʽһ±һһ±һصسСѨʱ̡ˮϵġžžټϷĽдҪС˼ҺߡޡҪº¸ɵ˼ӹˡ¸ɵ˼ĿˡС˼ҡ֡ˬø硭Ķ˼ӹء˼ҵСѨѨ챻Ĵˣ 
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˾պȻҲ˵ôͷɵŬĴɲ差СѨͬʱҲൽյ˵ҡ㡭Ҫ侫ӹˣ 
ʱϿ˫ֽ˾պȻƨɣҲôļСѨ˶ţСѨԲˮ˾պȻŴغҲײĵʹḧŴغ衣ͬʱҲ׼˾պȻľҺӹ 
˾պȻ˷º󣬶Ϣ˾պȻ뷮ӹڣݡŨľҺ 
ͬʱҲ˸߳ҲţľҺöࡢ̣˼ӹŶޡˬ˼ˡҵ׺Ϲ˵꣬Ը߳ķʪǣ绨§˾պȻͷҲز˾պȻƷ˾պȻ举Һ 
˾պȻ侫зڵ͵͵ؽ߳ȫ㺹죬ͷƵں㷢RҲСϻһ˿˿˵Ĵ⣬κ𣬱һ˫ĿݏҸԸ߳ĻζС 
춸߳ķſ˫˾պȻͻȻƿ 
 30 
˾պȻƿ˵С𣿡 
ߵ˵ȻڴҲѹҵ·Ū˼СһĻ˼ҶŪ󡭡 
˾պȻЦ˵ͺˣΪ³ԱʱְֺٕN游ĸһʮϲ 
һ˵ߵͨ콿˵ԭԤıҪ˼ҶŪ󡣡 
˾պȻҲ˵ôѹ¿ڴС죬ҲֻſС죬˾պȻͷУ˱һʱ֮ǵ췭ظ 
õǣǵV˾պȻҲ˵С㲻ԺҲһ𣿡 
ͷ˵㲻Ҫƭң˵ͷߣ˫Χӣ˾պȻͷ£Сͷ㼴һ 
˾պȻĴְסһֻ鷿ţϽһ÷͵һ˫αͬʱ΢΢ͦظͬİ 
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ټ˾պȻһֱѹ棬¼лСķȫУ˵е鷿ǵشѹţܵ˵ܣٸޱȣޡޡϡ 
˾պȻ˵Сһκ𣿡 
ߵĶĻϸ˵ϴǬ˲ųɡ 
˾պȻ˵ȥϴһ°ɣ 
˵˼ںۣҪ㱧ҽԡҡ 
˾պȻ˵ԡң𣿡ȷش𣬱Ĵ񾡴һ˳˵СŪˣ˼ҸŪһ˵𣡡 
˾պȻ˫ְβ˾պȻԡȥ 
˾պȻҲûа취ֻúԡȥÿ˾պȻ͹ز弸£ֲҽгסĽҧܣͷְֺòԡңѾ˱Ե̴٣˫շ죬СѨ˾պȻҲ֪Ҫ߳ˣּʮͲ壬ˮɢ˫˾պȻֲҷɣʱŸҾй˵һֵ˸߳ 
˾պȻºٽԡעˮˮһӣ˳ԼҲſȥԡһţһʱֻˮĽڲзȥһϷˮԧ졣 
Ϸ˺һᣬ˾պȻվ˾պȻҲ﷮ϴֻͬʱڷϣŪ÷ͣءЦͣ˫ҲţĥһЩĭĴȥָǰۣϸĵذѰƤ͹ͷϴһ֮£̧ͷֳִвӲŪ˾պȻҲЦ 
˾պȻ˵С 
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˾պȻͻȻ˵Сû˵ 
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˾պȻҲ߳ԡվڷ˫ִӺǰֱסһ飬ѹϣ˵С㲻Ҫ 
һһ˾պȻ˵С㲻ϸŪǻΪô˼ֻжҲҪӦһҲŲ 
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˾պȻΪջֻõͷͬ⣬˵ŪңҺһΡ 
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˾պȻɿĳǻ̵סѷϴ̨ǰҲڷ棬ͬʱСѨƬʺԸе͸ˮ⣬ͷ˱ŷˮʹ÷˫۽գ͸ϻܵ΢ЦǬѵ촽ѡ 
˾պȻͷ£ѪɫСѨ˰ɫҺ壬 
˾պȻͷڷľſڻȦȻһ·ɨȥİɫҺȫ졣 
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˵ʱʱ죬ͻȻ춾Ÿˮԣһعͷ׵زľţüͷʹ 
˾պȻֹͣ˵ԲҲģֻϷŪһڰ˾պȻҪγʱҲ漴ƣҪߡ 
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˾պȻٱҲ˼ȡʼٳľţҲԶ߷ΣΪ 
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˾պȻӷľ˳󣬷Ц˵ô˼ҵƨعڣ˼˾պȻص䡣 
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ԡպøסķβ¶һ鹵һѩȣõӳ֡ 
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˾պȻ˵Сǰܲ˷ܡ 
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ʱеСѨѾʪˣȫһԱ˷֮Уģе˾պȻһֻǰ鷿Ҳеһֻ⿪˯۵ 
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гģ˵𶯣˼ԼĵĶ˾պȻ΢Цǰӯͦ˫壬ͦǽ˴Σ˾պȻ鲻ԽסԲͦץȥֹ˵׼ 
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ȫͽ޹ˣԽֻԽĴ̼УԽʹԼеԽʹԼ׹һ޵׵ԨģԽԽСˣ˫شβŤҲԽԽˣϴĽʱڼţ춣תͷҲûˣĬĬؽĳ 
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˾պȻ˫סŪۺ۵Ƭ꣬ϵıӲͦڶ͸Һ壬ʪ˷ϵĴͷմǿתв˾պȻĴʣϡκ졢˾պȻ˵áŶ 
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ѩ׵˫۽ץס˾պȻļͷָ׼ʵƤԲ޳ȸǽļв˾պȻᶶǿнĸǽҧڶס˱˾պȻ泩Һ˾պȻĴͣ߳ķȫݷþƣ̱˾պȻϣԲס΢΢淺޵ĺΣգн߲ϣ˵ᴽ΢΢³йĸ߳С 
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˵Լ˿ǣ絽Ǵ𣿡 
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31 

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ҶͺӱʫĹ۵е㡰߻ħΪԽݾԽҸ˵һС 
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ӱʫ˵Щطٷ 
˵ǵغƨǲǷˣ 
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˵ҲҪٴӦһ£ 
Ҷ˵ô£ 
˵Ժʱһ 
ӱʫ˵Ҫ 
˵һû֡ 
Ҷͺӱʫһ˫ֻǰӱʫߵɳϣķmϣ˵СɫϹûûзm 
ӱʫ״ͣ˵Ϊô 
˵ҲϲˣҲ˵" ߰Ҳ" ϲ 
ӱʫٴǱǻ˵Ϲܻƭˡ 
źӱʫĶǣ˵ʫʫǹţ 
ԵҶȽԼһԣ㽿˵ʫʫǹţô 
ҲҶţ˵Ҳǹš 
Ҷ˵ƭˡ 
һ£˵ϲƭ𣿡ҶߵҲǻϣ˾һ 
һ˵ҲϰҪʿɶֹ 
ƿλνʱҶ˵ϹҪߡ 
֣˵Ϊô 
Ҷ˵ҿǴͷɥ顣 
ӱʫҲĵ˵ 
Ҷ˵һܷӲ֪㿪ʼΪŪǴͷɥŪһʼӲӭ 
Ҷ˵𣿡 
ڲ˵ 
ӱʫ״ϰ£Ҳ̲סַزϣűĵСȥ鷿úӱʫһݣ󵨵ĴСĵȥĳסӱʫ鷿ָ󣬺ӱʫûسᱡһִֻæµɿѺӱʫ鷿ŪԲŪ⣬úӱʫҲǻ㱧Ҹ 
ֳ˻ҶţӵҶĵСҶֵѾ鷿˸ʵָסͷһһһ°һҡҶýӣڿʪĥͷҶҲУŲϵķӦ˳㷢й 
ʱŪλν޵鷿Ҷֵķȫ̩ʱҶȴͣ˵У֣ͣ˼ܲˡҲֻóҶ鷿ϵ֡ 
Ҷ˵˼㣬ȴ˼ҡ˵㽫С¶һ˫ѩ׵鷿Ҷ˫Ȧľͦ˫飬ְסԴҪƷԼ԰˵Ľ飬ͷסҶһͷ 
ҶһһԵĿ˵Ҫôһ㡭Զͦ鷿ѹ . 
ҵңſְһߵͷУ˱Եֻһߣһߣͣؽ棬ҶҲ˳޵ͷ͵Ʒ 
Ҷ˵Ҫͣ 
һߺӱʫҲ⵽ҶΪͬʱҲҶĴʮ֡ʼǺӱʫ˵Сʱ۸˼ңڿҸղŪʹ㣬Һúúǻ㵱ǣĴʼŪ 
ӱʫŪһᣬӲƵģ̣ӱʫӱʫǵͨ졣 
ӱʫſ֣ͷ[۵ı飬̲סһ嶯ĵںӱʫıϣӱʫеͷůЦ 
ӱʫˣ˿Ȼ΢΢ӣƿĹͷͣͷպõ㲻ĵطֻΧ۲죬ܸоǳϢȴܲĺ촽 
ӱʫʱȴƤ࣬ҪɱڵֱִӱʫЦ[[һǻ޵ģǣٴС˫ָѷӲͷӱʫǿһŪסһķĴϣ̵Ĵ 
ӱʫvϷŪ䲻ĺסŹͷӱʫ鶯ȥĹͷͻȻܾˣܰƣʱƨǰͦӱʫСġ 
ȫҵسA˫ּӽλνϵĻƨǰͦͽӱʫһǰӱʫͷͺٽʧǵɳϣӱʫָˣʼպ˱Ĺͷ 
֪ӱʫද棬ԹԵذŴɺӱʫȥ 
ӱʫһֱЦţ촽С۴תͿɢ鼰Źͷһ⹵ȥţòסƨͦغӱʫûãСȦ𣬰̽ȥ 
ӱʫ˱Ĺͷǵ쳣ӱʫÿιйȥӱʫϷ̲סµͶʹȵļⶼΡš 
ӱʫһ㶼ǻļ˿ĴĴǰͦʱǴݺƤЦ 
ʱԭŪҶ鷿һ֣ҲƵӱʫϣ˫־ںӱʫ鷿ϴŪһƷҶɰͷλν޵Ҳ䣬ӱʫҲ̲סһһİĴͷزҶˣúӱʫߡӱʫǰŹͷص˱ţȻ𲽽 
Ӧȫݏ˵ĹңͬϵļʱҪһ䲻 
ӱʫע⵽ĴһֱұھĽȻظټȥ²þͻڵŨʹҴҵ˱£æ³⣬һ˫ָȥĥĹͷ 
ӱʫ˫һһºպ̽ͷװİݶţŷڳҺʱóźӱʫķ 
ӱʫСҡĸףƹȥôŹͷҵķӦͷͣ 
ӱʫ˵䰡䰡װġ 
װġ֣ȫݣĽгۼţҺ絽ӱʫȻžҺӱʫϻֱͣĴʼؿή 
ӱʫûŹٶȺסֻβ׶ˣ˱ţеӱʫˣڹܵеĲоɨһվ߲Ň¶УͬʱҲѺӱʫϡ 
Ҷһס˵Ϳ˼һԡ 
Ҷһ£ֿ˵ţҸҲҺһ¡ 
Ҷղſּ˵˵ͷͷϣǰӲߺסͷΪһ³ͷ 
ҶͺӱʫؿУϿһ׵ϡ 
Ҳ˫ֻסҶͺӱʫһڡҲֹ޼ɵ鷿 
ӱʫ˵Ϲſǣɽϰ 
ҶҲߵ˵Ϲٸ 
ſǣ˵Ȼϰϰϲųǣطϰ侫֮رۣԣñϴ˯ȥˡ 
Լֹ˰СʱҶͺӱʫϰϣӱʫȵԡϴҶڷڲκζǱ㾲ƿſֻֻ˯ڴϣͬʱҲ⵽Ŀ㱻ӲֱUɶĽղŸŪһ˫泩Ҳδϱ߽ڹϷⱻӱʫ 
ҶԵٽ⿪ĿͷͷͣôȫѳҶǰſһЩݵ˫ֺƣģҶͷøֽǼչȥഥŴôĥȣƵϣ۰ţ³һҺ壬Ҷ࣬ü˽ͿɢŹͷ⹵š 
Ҷſ촽Ķ岿ݻţһһһһ£ñ㽫ͷͣ̽³ָỮţҶԽԽ࣬ıס˺ͷٶһҶͷһΣҪȫģҶȴļѴֱҶʺ 
ĴʪΧĸоʮתѹ΢΢۱ҶΪġر񡱣е㣬ﱻĵİĬĬȥҶġ͡ҲĲ̣һֽҶǰ 
ҶͻȻľٶŵʧȥӦٵĽ§ʱֻȭᓀĵĿڣ˵Ϲ۸˼ҡ 
ֻͣƨϣЦ˵Ҳˣ 
Ҷ߼ˣֱҪ˵ˡǿϷߣĽס 
ͷߣûţͷţȻҧĶǰ۾촽ӣҲҶΪſ˫˱ͷʱǵ췭أһᣬԭͣƨϵ֣ƶȥ̿ 
ҶǼС̿ǵԿͷȫʧȥãһ¾˽ȥԲΣֱҶƨΡ 
Ҷֻ촽УͻȻߵˣ˵ſſҡҪҪ桭Ҫо˵ֻǴڴڵشϢš 
ĹɹֱȥƶҶ֮ڶšҶʱˣȫϣҲʱֽŲýҶС̿£ͬʱҲԼĳ㣬ĴҶС 
Ҷˬñ۾һ˵ţϹû֪˼ܣ 
סһһ˵ҪܣΪβƿңּӽҶġŪǡŶŶţ 
ҶֻúסϹԽԽ֪ҸһʹϷŪңšҲˣ桭˺ܶ࣬㲻ҪңܡСĲС 
˫ֱҶת˫־ʹظ񱳣Сֱϸ۵ƤһҶһְסͷĴأ˫ָǿͷ 
һĴ̼ҶòԾذͷظ 
ᳶͷʱһԵĿֱܱҶȫ޷̵ᶯһҶ춰̲סͷ˵ϹҪһǳǳĵָֹһ鷿ȫУ᲻صİ 
Ҷս˫ֽסľҲˮͬʱȴƿڳ϶϶ƸΪΪ 
˫ֳҶСģһȥҶߵͨ죬ϣʼղȥһۡһ˷ܣηӣָڴ 
ס˵ҪǶ˵鷿 
Ҷߵ˵㿴һ˫ţǰⲻй 
Ҳû˵ô˫ַŻҶϣʱҲΪȥΣβ´ˣֳڿ㣬ʱڿѸϣ˵Ҫѣ˵ʱʱ죬ڿֽܿŲóףʱһ˿ңֻܒñߡ 
Ҷڿ㣬棬˵Ȼѹˣţ˵ 
ҶҲ֪Ҫ£ŲŮ֣˵ſңȥȡڿ㣬һȥȡֽڿÿһЩҶֻͦȥãԼȫ㣬һͦһ˫㱩¶ǰ 
ҲʱһھͳҶͷͷҲͣڶҶ鷿֮УۺСɵͦķӲվڻԲ鷿ϡ 
Ҷŵ˫ֻһ鷿ϣ˵ҪҪ 
ҲҶãܿ˫֣һց׾һ鷿ᴥţҶϵĴɧ˵鷿ǰգһʵ 
һ߳Ҷ鷿һ߿ķӦҶѲı۾ 
ԵæȴţԭҶϵƣʱģŪԲŪ⣬òֺŪģ 
һһֻҶСѨڣһֻʪСѨڰ˼£һЩˮָʪˮ׵ѨڣͣɦȥģҶʪˡ 
Ҷ뷴ôطҲŪټȫҪȫʧأǱᱡ 
ĶŪҶҶʱ򣬺ȻֳֻˣȻеźֻһϣһ̧βùͷѰõѨȷλãҶҧŶø೤ˣ 
ҶڴȺ롢۰ǰȴûжҶҡƨɱʾͣҶͷżȻɽ춷Ů֣ҶһͷԼ˵鷿ֱͿֵĲι˵ššһ㡭 
Ҷ̬¶һͦ۵ĽӺһ𣬽ſ 
ĴٵҶʪȽյСѨ鶯ǵҶɣŶŶϹϹԡԡϲ㡭һ㡭ԡˡϹˬ찡찡ҡҡϹҪҪҪ㡭 
Դ𣬽СʳָմҶˮһһɧҶľϣ䲻ѣʳָȥ 
ҶܵĴ̼ĽгæţΪҶԼܲˣϾ˸߳ˮѨڣĴϣҶ̱ϣţϹ 
ҶΪԼ̬̽ҶǵϢңƴҸѣס鷿صว͵͵ĶײҶ߳չǵطеúܣһ֮󷴶ٶҶʼѹ̲סҡҡƨĥϾɦƲѳԮ˵šϹٲ尡ҪͣϹ 
˵ҪԼ 
Ҷֻ˫ְĸϣԼ̧ƨɣô˵ʣͷʱ㻺ȥһѭһһεԼ̧£ôɧѹżͷԼСѨʹĽӴֺϣԼʳˮɵ߼ĿҪ޳ 
ҶķΣưҶһ죬Ǻߵ£Ųͣҡ壬Ҷһᣬ̾ţƨŤøȻѨ⼲Ѩһһڵ˱ͷ֪ҶֲˣȻһƨʵһˮһһθ߳ˡ 
ҶдϢأѹ£ŵԼϣĲҶСѨУҶֻܹԹԵĳܣҳͣҶĸ߳ȥѨˮ˳ŷһϣһĸ߳ 
ͣҶAŻȶļţҶСԽԽ󣬶ҲʱиͣŶŶϹ͸ˡҪˡ졭ٶҼ¡ҡ 
ָȥҶľţҶæԼʹѨҲļнһһĴɲͣҶֻܡޡޡļţһָȥ٣ҶҲܲסϽŵ̧˫ֹͣϷŪæѹϣҶ˾󷢣ȻͦƨӭգҲĺݲ岻ͣҶβԽԽ죬վĹƣıסɵıСҧҿУΡšš֮󣬱ʧȥսˡ 
ҶٴζͲ弸ʮ£Ȼ˳ƵֽģٴҶŨ̵ľҺȫ絽Ҷӹ 
§סҶͷϣ˶ţһºİҶŪһͿʪģȫˮߵĶ 
Ҷˣ˵ϹŪˡ 
鷿˵ղŽҺϹھͽһϹ 
Ҷû˵ӣŹϹ£һǣ 
סҶæƿ˵ҪҪȥϴʫʫߡ 
Ҷ㴩·򿪷ԡʱͼӱʫֻһԡվⲢǺͬѲ֪ٴΣҶӱʫһӣⲻһ£򶨵ĸӱʫ˵ʫʫ㲻· 
ӱʫȫҶ㷢ЩɢңټϸղһЩҶѲµ£Ц˵Ҳ룬ڷڿ˼谭ǡ 
ҶһӸӱʫҴӲ˵㲻𣿡 
ӵ˺ӱʫ˵ΪղȷҶӱʫû˵ߵԣӱʫһʱû׼״㽫ӱʫһ뻳 
ҶЦ˵Ϲʫʫ벻룿Źϡ 
ʱӱʫţزţĴ֪ʱӲСɢҺˮζټǰɴصĴϢСѨʪҲֱ˵Ϲ˼ҸոϴǶֶ˼ңЩſҡ 
ڱǻ׷ſ˵ֲô㡣 
ںӱʫ硢۾ᣬӱʫɧֻֻס˶ţҪ˼ʹ 
˵⣬˵ôطЩҿ˵ָԡӱʫķΣŲԡȥӽӱʫľţָزĲš 
ӱʫ̼ܵ˵ҪŪ 
Ľָ룬ּǰֱֺӱʫȸѾеһɼָСѨʱһƬʪ 
ӱʫǱֻۣϷһƬϼȻ֪Լ˵ķӦʵղڷ͵ҶʱѾʪòˡ 
óףһӾ́˺ӱʫڷӯȥӱʫˮֻϾͽָʪ͸ӱʫ˫ſһ㣬Żŵô󿪹ԹԵš 
ָᴥźӱʫн»ܿƬԶſˣøȥһЩӱʫѾʼѹƨʱٵһ£Ȼ൱̼ӱʫø˵Ϲ𡭡١ġܲˡ 
ҲĽָ룬еĺӱʫꡢ١Ϸ켰ɧ̬֪ʼ飬˵ţô죬˵ô£Ĵƣӱʫ鷿ʱ͸ԡУһ鷿š 
ӱʫ̧ͷס˵ҡҪҡ 
ӱʫſСӣͷУ˱վţһʱǵ췭ظǣѺӱʫ΢΢ͦظڳ϶Լ 
ָսһ飬һһŵţ磬ȫõĴУӱʫͬİ 
֮òŷſӱʫС죬Ц˵ţ㻹û˵ô 
ӱʫߵ˵ϹŪ˼̫ȫ 
˵ҽڴϿ˵㽫ӱʫڴϣ˫ּںӱʫߡ 
ǣӱʫڴ˫ӵĴԡ˵㲻ҵ· 
ƤЦ˵һ·ӱʫһ˫Ƹ߹ˣһᰴӱʫһֶá 
һֻ쵽ԡıӱʫ˵㲻˵ҵ·𣿡 
˵û·ֻԡ 
ӱʫŤ˵ϹʹթҲʱ˵Ҳûãֻÿԡõα¶ڿС 
ӱʫǰһ飬岻סڶȥ࣬ȥӱʫŶ˳ŬȥͷͷŪӱʫر÷飬ӱʫ׵ɧѵһֱ̾ 
źӱʫССѨڣǺӱʫȽϣóʣܿһȼ֮䣬޴ӣȲȥ٣ֻΧȥʳָһĨСѿ棬ද 
ӱʫǴſ죬Ȼʧ˦ͷ״ָһû谭˳ĲСѨˡӱʫҧ߬ȭС֣ޡޡסųȷʵǡ 
ӱʫϷһ죬ͷ֮ϣ΢΢źˮָжҧڵ񾭣ϵҪԾȫգüȿּ࣬Ҳ±㾡ţšѽ 
ӱʫôǿҵİӱʫҲŲ˶õģƨⲻͣѨǰͦͦŤָ御Ѿ˼ŬΪţ춺ӱʫһС̲סһӴҺɢ磬Һ壬֪߳ˡ 
ֹͣʳָ䶯ָѨڣºĳʵӱʫڴϴ꣬۾ɧ̬ 
֮ȥѺӱʫѹ£˵ţ𣿡 
ӱʫߵ˫棬˵Ϲ۸˼ң󡣡 
ǰôźӱʫСѨڣ춸߳չУӱʫһ˳ 
˵㻹һЩ𣿡ſںסһͷ˫ʩһ顣ֿڲãֺ 
ӱʫŪͣСֱסѹͷסţĥȥѴȥͦ˫飬ְסԴƷԼһ˫飬ߺ˵Ϲɣ 
˵ΪҪʫʫȥ˵㿪ʼز 
ӱʫҲٺˣ˫Ȧľס˵˵ģʱҪڣ˼ҡ˼ҡ޷˵ȥΪѷȽ鵽ѨڣȻĲ룬ȫûˣѨģӱʫҲͦƨɣٸ롣 
ӱʫȻȴ泩㣬鴫Ѩȫɵ֫ɧ˵˵Ϲ졭ҡϹġáŶ 
ӱʫ˫ȽĹƨɣԼ̬ͦǵôӲȵѨģٻĳ鵽ֻʣ´ͷѨʱֻá֨һԭȱסˮźӱʫƨɷ춼ˡ룬ٴνѨģȻ˳Ѩڣ}ţԽԽ죬ƨɲͣŤš 
ӱʫҡɢ㷢۰գЦŨ˫Ź䣬׽һ߲ѨһߵͷȥͷӱʫˣϵĴС³ҡҡҡ桭ϹϹԡ 
ӱʫ㺹죬ֵľҪ죬ǵлϹϹҺˡٲ塭ٲ尡ġҪˡ 
Ͽ촽סС죬ͷͷӱʫٳֻǡķűĿ֡Ѩ޷޲ÿԴкΪʵ̫ˡ 
壬й֮˿ûƣҪ侫ļȻǿͦγˮʪ͸µĴ˫£¶кЦݡ 
ĺƣ촽Ȼûϰ㴽ʣȻ޶ˣ̲סһΡС鷿žҵĺţ͸졣ζȻĳ壬ˮɽ˵һƬСѨŵķ¡ͻ𣬶ӱʫֻʣ߽ͻȻӿٶȣݵĽͣ 
ӱʫֱˣСѨòͣٱ쳣ÿһ̽Ķû¶ͣҲҪըһ 
춣ӱʫĸ߳ˣĽк簡塭Һúðôᡭá졭ҪҪˡˡˡһһԼҪˣ˫ٹβսҪ̻һ㣬źӱʫйˣôһͿ 
Ĵ׽ݏһСһֲ˼£ܲסˣһŨȫӱʫӹ 
ӱʫЦˣߵĶN. 
ʱٴδ򿪣ĲǱˣҶʵһֱڷ͵Ц˵ʫʫ㲻ǲΪôղôɧ 
ӱʫߣȫϣ˵Ϲһʱɧ˵ȥϴʵ͵ǡ 
ҶһҲû˵˼ɧϹһϴҲһ 
ӱʫ˵Ϲ˵һ乫 
Ҳ֪λνٶҶ춴ϣ˵λˣһһα͵ܹƽ˫ҲûгԿ˰ɣһ¡ 
ҶͺӱʫûƫһҲиǫ̃ףҲ˵ϹһͬȥϴһС粨㻯ˡ 
ҶԴ·˵㴩·ȥϴ 
Ҷ㿿˵Ϲѹ·ҪһЩ 
ʥּ㿪ʼһҶСġ̿㡢ڿ㣬Ҷֻظһ˿ңֽҶͺӱʫţֲͣҶͺӱʫҲʩΪһһ鷿˵ҲɱֻҪҰټҶ˫ӰĦһյͽ֮Ч 
Ҷ˵Сɫֶ⡣˵ֽһ鷿͵ҪƷͣһھͳҶͷ 
ӱʫ״˵˵⣬ 
Ҷ˵㲻ú𣿡 
ǺӱʫҲ˵Ҳ鷿͵ߣһкҶͺӱʫС 
ſ˵ٳȥҪҹ 
ҶͺӱʫԡȥϴϸΪҪǼǵϣŪЦЦͣ 
ӱʫ˵СɫϹٴ˼ҵ鷿ٷ棿 
Ҷ˵ҿҲֹʱҺҲܸϹŪ˶ӡ 
˵ʱұͬȢλ绨죬ǲ𣿡 
ӱʫ˵뻵ӡ 
Ҷ˵ʫʫ˵Ϲܺɫȥźӱʫˮܽذԡҡ 
ں׷ǰ˵ǻδĨСһʱĴߣҲ׽ţҶͺӱʫҲԹԵΪĨǬϵˮݡ 
Ҷͺӱʫ˵Ҫ£Ҫ׼͵ҲǵָʾȡԼ··󣬱ڴǳʱԺúõķɳϣ֪ûҪ£ȥʱҶͺӱʫҲ·˵ǲϲ͵𣿡 
ӱʫ˵ǡ 
Ҷ˵֪ҽ˵Ҷͺӱʫȥ 
ϷҶͺӱʫ뷿ڴۿӽĿ˲ãڴӱʫлϹЩ 
ǣ뷿ڣͬʱŹϣ˴Ӻϰ춴ϣá




32 

춴ϱϻͷһһʱȫܷ಻ҷΪľҶͺӱʫͬһ˿ҡ 
˵λôһѵĹġ 
ӱʫ˵Ϲϲ𣿡 
˵ϲУǻû˵ڸô 
Ҷ˵¸㿴 
˵¸ҿҲѵĹ⡣ 
ӱʫ˵˼Ҳ봩㿴·ֲܾһԣϹѡһ 
Ҷ˵ϹҲҪѡ 
ҲʱתǣҶͺӱʫҲκιۿһͻȻǷ춴ϣ˵ƤϷŪңͷǡ㿪ʼǵҸɦţǡۡЦͣϷŪҲͣ 
Ҷͺӱʫ࣬͸ƻ´ӹȡλ 
Ҷ˵Ҫģ˼ҺΪ顣 
ӱʫ˵ϹҪЩѡһºĹ 
˵ȫ𣿡 
ӱʫ˵ǵҲ˲٣˼ҡ 
˵ǲ²𣿡 
Ҷ˵ǲǲѸ˿ 
˱ΪҶͺӱʫһ£ΪҶѡǰɫ˿¿㣬ӱʫҲ˿¿㵫ǷɫǾͲϴϣ˵ǲҪѡһ𣿵Ϊôϴϣ 
Ҷ˵Ҵ 
ӱʫ˵ϹҲǡ 
˵Ƥұ˴¡ 
Ҷվǰڿ㣬ٴ֣ڹУֲҪλɨһҶúǰתһȦǰʽǰ뱭ʽͨƣټǰɫҶ̺ɫͷ֣ڿҲͨСѨĵطԸС 
Ҷúӱʫ˵һĴϣθӲĴҲΪӱʫڿ㣬ڿֻÿ״ƵĶֿ㣬ǰֻкٲϣЩѣӱʫżܰɵ񣬲˵ļɣһֵļҲϣ˴֣Ҳǰʽ֣ӱʫת䣬һ鷿ϣġϮһӱʫ˵ϹԲ𣡡 
˵Ҫ 
ӱʫ˵ϹܻЩҴ֣ 
˵ҪղҵҲŰ㴩 
Ǻӱʫһ鷿ϣ˵𣿡 
˵ٶ༸¸á 
ӱʫͷ鹵ϣ˵Ҵ֣˰ɣԵҶҲʧЦ 
Ϊӱʫ֣ǰתһȦ󣬺ӱʫԲ˵㿴ҵڿ㴩𣿡 
ӱʫֻڱŪףߵһ£ӱʫûٶһ£˵ֻһߣұ߲𣿡 
ںӱʫұһ£δһ£˵ܽʵ 
ʱҶҲ˵ҵĲʵ𣿡 
ҲһƴҶϣ˵Ҳʵ 
һһ˽Ҷͺӱʫţ˵Ƿɫҡ 
ӱʫ˵㲻ϲ𣿡 
˵µʱὫŪ 
Ҷ˵ʱǽŪѣ 
ӱʫ˵Ҫ˵ɣ¡ 
˵Ҫ£ٻɣλʼ㣬ҶͺӱʫҲϵذڳ̬ա 
ʱҶ͵͵ӱʫЦ˵ղźɧ 
ӱʫ˵Ҳɧҿ 
Ҷ¼¶ѩԸе硣ҲƺҪŲס˵˫飬ݏͿҪһ˵ϹڿԻһ𣿡 
˺ܶҲ࣬˵ǻһİɣΪҶͺӱʫѡһ¡ 
Ҷӹº󣬱ߵڴϵǰ˵Ϲһ𣿡 
ǻӦҶһƨϣܿ˵ϹôӲڿġҲ˵㶯ȥĳ㣬ȥ£Ҳʣһڿ㡣 
ҶҲٴϣǵĴڿ¶Ĺɹ˵ϹôȣҺҸ¡һ˵һ׽һ˫ַŵһ˫鷿ϡ 
ʱл˵ĬĬԵؽ⿪Ҷ֣Ƚһ˫ͷſһֺҶִڣҪλãҲʱڴŪһ˫飬Ƥָϵеͷᡰšһֻظ΢΢ǰͦ˵ϹڿδҲſһ˫飬˫Ҷڿ׼³ʱҶ˫ְš 
Ҷ˵ҪѣҪһ˵һߴ˫ִڿ룬Ҫؽڿ£УȫҶΣҶܵİȻΪһڿʱҲڿԵλΪɣḧֱӱʫҲҪ¿ʱŷſҶ 
ϺӱʫԼ£ͬλʱҶΪںӱʫϵġλáϸԺòײŻһ£ܿʼ㡣 
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ʱҶͺӱʫͬһɫ¿㣬ɫ˿ǰʽ֣ɫ˿״űȼڿ㣬Ҳʼ㣬Ҷͺӱʫβ൱ƯԲеԣÿεһתƣ˫鶼᲻Ļζţ鷿ֱͿҪ¶˳ǰбʱ˫鿴Ƿ㲻֣ǵ鷿һļͦԲҲŬĽлȫ׽ 
ȵһ֮Ҷͺӱʫ߹ȥʾǴǿ¿ã˵ÿĻ͸ã 
Ҷȵ˵Сɫ 
ӱʫҲϣ뻳УͷԼزϣ˵Ϲ 
Ҳλνţ˳ǵڿڣҶͺӱʫҲָܸͣﵽĿġ 
ָǵСѨʱѾֻʪȻֱӽָǵСѨŪˮʼͣķڣҶͺӱʫӹˮö࣬ᡰһгβͦ 
˵ţɷڿ㣡Ҷڿ㳶£һӲͦĴѸ߸ҶוŴӣ˶Ĺͷסһ渧İңӱʫҲѵ׵ǰҲſסĴ 
Ҷͺӱʫķð֣һбҶͺӱʫкָһ£ֱַȥǵ֣ɵָ׵ءžһԵϣǵ鷿С 
ҶͺӱʫòŮΪг嶯ȥǵڿ㣬Ҷͺӱʫ³ηڿ״ƣǵڿ׸£ҶͺӱʫһҶӱʫѹסС죬ͷĿǻŪ࣬һʱ㱣Ѳ涫ϱֱſС죬Ҷ 
ҲߵҶ˫ַҶľţҶʱ˵Ϲʫʫȡۣ˵û꣬Ĵⶴ˸Ĵ쳣ýӦǽſʼٴHŪ 
Ҷ³һ˵Ϲܹݣ 
˫ǰҶҸ˽ȥָһץҶһ˫鷿һһصİȣοڣ˵𣿡 
ʱҶHûһ洭Ŵһ˵Ҫҵͷ㡭ʵڡ̫ݡ 
ͣ˵ǹˣγ 
Ҷæ˵Ҫɰγ㡭ҡڴϣѸƨɸ߸ߵôܸ롣 
ٿʼŪʮºҶԵøΪͶ룬ӽžžǰСѨҲʼˮֱʣҶ˵šҪֻŪҺ桭ǰġСѨҲ 
ʱҶµĺӱʫ쵽ҶڿһĨˮѣ˫ָСѨھ򣬰ִ꣬Ҷ̼ܲ֫͵ͦ𣬾ĿУˮ̰ӿֱʣƬ̣Ѽˮһθ߳Ҷû³һʫʫҲ۸ңϹɰγ 
ŵĴս׼ҶСѨһͷ˽ȥٲͣس룬ҶŶסͦӭգ˰£Ҷ˵ššҡҡášҡҺˡáˡϹ졭졭ҪˡˡˡŶŶˡˡ߳뽵Ҷϡ 
µİ˽дĿУ岻ܿƣľҺҲҶӹ 
ᵽҶСߣ˵Ϊһ°ɣ 
ҶԼҲ嶪˶ٴΣߵ캬סˮˮԵڶǣֱǬŴС˳˵ɣ 
ص˺ӱʫĵ˵ǾͿϹҲ 
ὫҶһԣӱʫ˵᲻㣬ҪСһſɰ㡣 
ӱʫ˵˭Ҫ㰮 
ڴߣ˵ĲҰ 
ӱʫ˵롭˵һϣ㼴Сס๦ӱʫ֫͵ͦ𣬾ĿУˮ̰ӿֱʣһ˫סһ鷿Ūӱʫ˵롭ϹŶ밮ҡšЩӲݺݵҡŶʱֿڲãѺӱʫŪͦҡƬ̽Σˮ 
ںӱʫϣѰӲ鹵֮У˫ְ鷿Ю㿪ʼ鶯˵ţϰңһЩӲӱʫߵĵͷӦ˫ְ鷿Ю鹵г鶯 
鹵г鶯Ȼܿ۷磬齻ͬʱһֻҲȥСѨöСѨغӱʫ˷ܵôΪĥĴ˵ʫʫҽŪÿĵط 
ѺӱʫͷҪſС죬ÿĴǰ͵ʱͷĹͷѵٳ˼£ųǰһͣѴ˺ӱʫɰС֮ڣӱʫҲסͷ˱ 
ӱʫ糺´˵ϹӲˣҡ 
ӱʫ账СѨˮӱʫ˫ſͦΰӭĴȥѹס˫飬СѨڴ˼£˽ȥݣ󡭡֮ԽԽ졣 
ӱʫֵͷɭȻأ߲ͦסӭգСѨһˮӿȜ¡ 
һ쵽ӱʫϥһֻ޳ѩȣ§һֽ§סһֱѩ׻Բۻȣӱʫ𣬲ʼխʪСѨںֱײ촽Ϻӱʫᴽӱʫ˫ιƬ꣬ҽ˫΢΢ʹӱʫԲͦ׽ԵЩʧ룬֬˫ֽŵץסļͷ˵ҡ 
ӱʫЩҾֵģǵƴŤηĶʣ׶źӱʫԲΣµŪǰŭͦ˫Ҳ򲻶𵴶ڻΣ˿Ŀѣԡ 
ҵĻζӱʫ»ֻúߵİѩ׻Բ޳ϸ@ȽϣеʵỬϸȳƵȲԼʣиĴɸͣˮ̰ģ˿˿ˮڽӷ촦˳ĴײදĺӱʫŵСѨʴǡУӱʫѹֲס泩ĿУɬޱȵؽ䡰ššϸȳƵƵĲͣĲۣѩϸ߽ס˫磬˳ָϵָǶıɸɸC 
崿ĺӱʫһȵؽšš޹ǡ˻ĽԽľΡ鴤СѨڵճĤزƴƻȵУ廬ˮӱʫѣķļͷϣеܵʸϣߵͦӭĳ̣ɧӣ㽫Żشϣš 
Լ˰κӱʫתѣԼѩοڶӭĳ壬޳ʵȽϲͣĥвӱʫеɫ̸׵̺죬Ц˵Сˣɣ 
ӱʫһᣬˮߵص˵Ϲ˫ƾļ 
ӱʫŪ£֪Ѷ˶ٱ飬Ͷû֧Ųסò˵˼ʵڲˣĲŪˣϢһᣬ㲻ȥҿ 
йĴΣ־ûй⣬ӱʫ֫ʵ̼ȥͷӦУǸ˵ԺҪָ͵͵Ĳӱʫľ 
ӱʫЦ˺ûҲˣҪһԲͬ⣡ 
˵ͷתԵҶڴϣ̺лŰ׳Һǰǰ֬˫̺죬ĿѣԣͷҶ˫֮䣬鲻ԽץסҶԲͦ壬޼ɵŪ󡢼ѹͷǰı飬˱ 
ҶҲͺӱʫһҲ֪Ҫô£н˫ȣЦһ˵Ҫԡſҡ㡭Ҫ 
Ҷ˵ûᣬϥǲҶȷУֺ£˫ȣ˳һѹѶ̺ϣҶŤѩͦΣ˵Ҫ 
סĻԲͦΣʹǰѹһƺߣò绨Ҷҧü΢壬ؽա 
ĴѶ۵Ļ꣬һֱҶҪѣȥխСѨȵؽĴʹУǿҵĿֱԣʹеͶ 
ҲѹǻܿƵǰѹײҶԲСɵΣġžžҶҲҪҪſҡ 
Ŵļٳ룬̺Ļ걻𷭳潿۵ⶼ¶ˣҶܽСѨ嶥ײ£ˮϵɻӿխ赱øʪĳ͡ 
˫ҲͣЪץסǶԱ꣬˵ŪҶƣĴСѨһδͬ׮ĳ塣 
ҶҲʼĽתģܰɴĽջԲԵأĴָʳָѸ߸⣬ϸ鷿Ǿ˵Ҷģ˵Ҫͣ֡Ҫ 
ҶģǱͦ飬ͦоͷڱʪȵĹס赲ͣ䶯Ƭҧס֪ҶҲҪ߳ 
˫ֱסҶԲͦΣɿѨгûۣһһεײǰǶԻԲŭʵͦҵڻΣеճĤǻȵУĴϣҶǿҵĿ˲䴫ȫЪ˹ĺУҪˡ 
ʹĶֱӹŪ˼ʮ£Ҷ춽в֧һΣٶһأڴϣأԴŴ 
Ҳ˻ͣҶϣδմˮĴ̺죬˵ˬûУ 
Ҷߵ˵̫ˬˡϹ㡭һָֻΪŪ 
Ҷӣͷ˿ҶıݣͷҶһ𣬾˵ţҲϢһɣһԡ 
Ӻסӱʫ׹ĶҧͦŴӱʫĹɹϣͷľŽͷסӱʫľţش˽ȥӱʫϵŤ档 
ӱʫҲ֪ҪŪľţҲĸо׵֣װʧɫӲƿת𴲣˭֪ݣѸٵĴӺסӱʫ㼴ʱСһ 
ΪһԭĴֻ˺ӱʫľС˺ӱʫ֮ƣȫӱʫľš 
ӱʫ΢΢ز˵ԲһǲҪˣʹ 
ӱʫҡͷ˵ϹûϵȡҪϢһ¾ͺãҴᡭ㶯ʱٶ𣿣ȵһƣ᲻һЩ 
ӱʫĴϵƣӱʫӦ󣬾ԼǰҡҪԼǲҪ̫ҡʱҪӱʫҪԼַסӱʫΣǰ󻺻ͦŪ 
ӱʫоĴסԼֱϹŪҴԼϳͣʹǿҵı⣬ֱȴ𽥵ۻΪһĿУʹ޷ܣֻÿʼĶššššӱʫǰͦԲ飬ҲԵΰ 
ؽ죬ӱʫֿǿң㽫ͷϽมมมมϹšˬมมšˬϹHáҡˬ 
ӱʫŰͣİڶ\Ұźӱʫһ鴤ָеһƬůҺ壬֪ӱʫһθ߳ 
Ҳͣٶ׼̺СѨǰͦӱʫüͷ壬ҧ飬ֻ֫ٺ紥𵴣ݷҪڻơ 
ĴܵӱʫҺĽݣʼ黺壬ֻضʥСѨӱʫʱһ顢ĸо΢΢ƾãѴ֮ӱʫͷ⣬˱ 
𽥼ӿ˽࣬ںӱʫСѨмӿԽԽݡء죬ӱʫǱ̵Ļ֣ԲϸȲ֪𡢷¡̧ߣƾ壬ͷĿѣǿҿд̼£ٵؽεؽתšššߵͦѩɡϸĳ塢̡ 
ӱʫľٶΪܣ˵Сˣɣ 
ӱʫ˼ĵͨ죬˵ĵ٩˵ѽ˵𣡡 
ݻ˹ƣɲǼ䣬ӱʫֻ弫˵Ŀ飬ɦ˺εֱӣȻѹ֣ŨŨĴ⣬Ѿд޵ӣƬֻ̺ӱʫĽ޵ϸϸһ㺹ϸ룬κ𣬱ѩҲʼњĳ֣ӱʫڵ̼üĿΰϮӱʫʣС첻ס˵Ľ˵ٽһ㡭ӱʫ⸱̬ǣîĶʡ 
ӱʫƵ㷢ɢƮˮ˫޾Ĵ⣬΢ŵӣ󼱴ӱʫ˵ĵģĿ˵Сˣˬˬ 
ӱʫǺޢߵ޵ݣ˽ůNǹζǽͣӱʫɵ߰ڶͦźӱʫŤ΢΢̺׺ϣ˷ܵ˫סŭʽͦѩ˫壬嵯ʮ㣬ָס̺󡢽Сɰͷ꣬캬סСʫǽ̺ĿɰһֻסСʫͦ˵飬ĵط 
ӱʫ޵̬֣ȼܵԽԽǵ֭֮ӱʫˡšźߡѽ 
ӱʫŮԵָԺ󣬷κĒȡŤСɻԲҲͣתͦʣֻȻڵУϵĥѹͷڲ⵽ǿ˱еǰδе泩ܵøӴִźӱʫĶ¼ٰڶԽԽԽԽ 
ӱʫСѨϱײʴǡУСʫ鲻Խش˵ðŶŶŶ 
ܵӱʫĹדӳֱĽ˵Ľϴϵ֭ӿӱʫηһƬ̺죬СѨüСֱȫϲ㷢ɢڶ˵ŶŶ㡭ҪͣŶԡٲһ㡭 
ѪڣһƴƴHţӱʫ㷢ٲƮ裬ǰ35 D˼ɵˤð𪽿۵ءžž޵Ӂ˷ܵĺ쳱˿Ϣٶӯн壬εεѽ졭Ҫͣء 
ӱʫᴽ߸ߵľ¶ǵջӱʫ㱣ȻѾ˽Ҫͷǿӱޣźӱʫͳ̣ӱʫеůN𣬽խܷ䶯вϷ϶ˡء 
ϼӿײţεĳ鶯մ֭ĴԼĪƬֻӱʫ˽в˵ҪˡҪˡһĽ䣬ѩ׵һΣϸ۰׵ֱֺȦȦ赲ϽŴͷһɳȹ̵Ĵ̵쳣 
ӱʫ߳󣬲ĤزգƮƮɵĸо˷쳣ĿͲ壬û¾ͼϣòͺ˼ͷϵۿһȾҺ˲侫Һŭְļע춺ӱʫӹУһȾҺ̵ýҲת䣬ƿ齿赲ϵĳΡѹĴ 
һлŮ֮󣬷ɢǵҶͺӱʫѩ׵˲㱡Һ߰ߣǽƬƬλǴʱ龰 
ʮƬҲشϣҶͺӱʫǸ߳ϣֻͬѱСèƵɪ˵鷿ǿţԼĪƬַ̣ҶͺӱʫԲѩ׵˵λСˣǸղźɧ 
Ҷͺӱʫո´棬ģߵû糺죬Ľ㣬ֱø 
Ҷ˵㻹ȡЦ˼ң 
ӱʫǰŰڶκ˵ߣ 
˫εǵ鷿ϣһһ鷿ָǽ۵ͷ˵Ϲ˵ˣλСӦ崾ɰұһȥϴɣ 
һһҶͺӱʫ𣬶˵⵱һ£ԡңҶͺӱʫ˸鷿ϣ鷿ŪһΪͻȻɿκεطҲŪŪҲһ˿УֻΪ 
ԡҺ˵ͷһ𣬺Ҷͺӱʫһ߽ͬϸСԡڣϴ縡ͻĽ 
Сʱ˱߻طڣصȥ׽Ҷͺӱʫ·Ҷͺӱʫֻϴڿ㣬Ҫм䣬Ҷͺӱʫ࣬ſֱۣǶסַցǵ鷿˵벻ÿΪġ 
ӱʫ˵˼ұˣ˵ 
Ҷ˵ÿŪ˼ң˼ҵָŪ󣡡 
˵Ūһ˫־ͷŵҶͺӱʫԲѩ׵ϸڿࡣ 
Ҷͺӱʫͬ˵Ϲһ£ķŻǵ鷿ϣٴһ黰




33 

ǴҶͺӱʫʱòμ˳齱ϷĻᣬ˫ҹĺνýƷֻͬУԣٲһЩǮɿҶͺӱʫͬУǾڸڼΡ 
ҶͺӱʫͷʱҶͺӱʫһʮ¥ߵ֣Ǳ㻶ϲصϴ񡰿һ˶˵װϴڵǼǴ⵽иʽʩóϷԺġӾءưɡDISCO ȡǴϻһװưɡ 
ǼϺҶͺӱʫ㼱ȥǵķ䣬ǿһȻʮִֻ˫˴ԡȴиش˫ԡףҲӦоУǵǷһС¶̨Թۿ;ĺϷ⡣ 
һкҶͺӱʫ˵ǰһѽ˫˴һ𡣡 
ҶͺӱʫҲͼҲ˼֮˫˴һ𣬺ӱʫ˵ΪôҪ˫˴һ𣿡 
ϴϣҶͺӱʫһǱԣ˵ҵڴҲ»´ 
Ҷ˵Ϲҽ㽫´ 
ӱʫ˵᲻´ 
ӱʫ˵Ҳ´ΪҪ˯ذ壬ҺͿôĴƽѹţ 
˵Ļң 
ӱʫͷһ˵ǾͿ 
ὫϵҶһƣٽӱʫһϣ˵ѹΣ 
ҶԱ˵ʫʫҪ˯ڵذ壬Ҫ˯¶̨Ǳ԰˯ 
˵Ҳ˯¶̨˵ʮָǵҸɦţҶͺӱʫۡЦɦţǶ㣬Цû࣬ϵҶͺӱʫȫiڴϣ͸ƻ˵ҽ˯¶̨𣿡 
Ҷæҡ˵Ҫˣ 
ӱʫ˵棡۸˼ҡ 
ӱʫ˫񡰴ְ㰴춴ϣã˵𣿡ӱʫûдһߣֻӱʫѩ׷۾ʱͼزźװѹںӱʫϣĶһҧһ˵㲻ҪĶ۾ 
ӱʫȻСһûſ˫ֱ֣ᰴںӱʫ鷿ϣţָ·ȥŪͷӱʫܲϵķӦšһĺ 
֪ӱʫӦĽӱʫһĴĶĽͷȹӱʫĺӱʫǵϢңһ˫鷿ϲͣţӱʫĿţ 
춺ӱʫĽƿ˵ϹҪ˼Ҳ˫Χӣһ¡ 
ԵҶ˵ǵ𣿡 
ͺӱʫҶԣһҶǰ˵Դ𣿡 
Ҷ˫Χӣ촽ҲһְţҶҲӦ춣ǴֿҶֱգ˵Ϲ 
ҲվǣҶͺӱʫһµС¶̨˵Ҹоһῴ;ĺʻۿںǲŵϹ۹𣿡 
Ҷ˵ѵ㲻ëëţһӦ 
ӱʫ˵ϹҪӦң㲻͵͵ȥװưɡ 
ҲǺʮȥװưɼʶһ˵ȥһطֻҪǣǶӦǵĽ 
ӱʫҶͬ˵㵱ôˣ 
˫ֽǵһ˵ȻҵĿɰޣȻǵĽҲֻ׼ͺ͸˵һ仰˫Ҳͬʱ˺ӱʫҶ鷿 
ӱʫҶѽһڵֱϴһ£㿿ļϣǵ鷿Ǿ;̺ɫȻٲһ黰һʱСС¶̨һƬֱܰʻ󺣣ſʼܴϵĽĿ 
豸ȫһƵ꣬ʱǾڴ˴ĽĿǲ߱Щֳ˹˵ǶóҲ˴˻ҲóʶȻҲҲ΢ 
ֱϣһʢͺ󣬺ӱʫ⵽DISCO棬ҶҲû⣬˱㵽DISCO ˣ֡ 
ǵDISCO 󣬵װ޺һ˲Ůˣ⻷ҲӿǿĽĶ裬һĿʶϣҪϴּҪϴּʱպŮϴּ߳ŮһŮУֻһСòС£һַɧǵĸоŮ˵Բ𣡡 
˵ûô 
Ů˵ҽС棬ûȤǼưɺȱֱǰһָ 
˳ָķȥΪλᴩôԸУΪָǼװưɣװưɺDISCO ϴּǹõģԲŻ˫ײϣ˵ˣ˵첽߿ΪºӱʫҶײϱ鷳ˡ 
߻DISCO ʱӭһһ˵Ůôûԣ֮ˣΪǵ˵ǿָϡ 
Ҳû߻DISCO ʱԼʮĵΧźӱʫҶ裬뿪һһ˵Ϊ¶ȺУźӱʫҶһ˵ҪطϢǳʱҲԸ⣬ľֹܿ뿪ԱӦҪ 
û·ʾƽǲDISCO ʱǼװưͬʱ߳һŮӣһ۱ͷܿߣȾˣŮӱǸղźһԱ˵ô㣬ôߣӱʫҶɫʱΪ֮һ䣬Ȼѿ֣֮˱߿û 
֪²ҷܼ£׷ϺӱʫҶں棬ֱ뷿ǰû˵һ仰뷿ſ˵ҽͣ 
Ҷ˵ô˵֪͵͵ȥǼưɣҪ뿪֪ࡣ 
ʱҲ˵壬ʵղһһʮӱʫҶ˵һ飬˵ʵ˵ûƭǡ 
ӱʫ˵㣬ҪʵشңûȥǼưɣ׼ȥĻ᲻ȥ 
˵Ҳȥʶһ£ 
ӱʫ˵Բġ 
Ҷ˵ϲȥ˫طȥɣҲֹ㡣 
ʱŷӿڳĵӦýеʵʵ˵ֻõ˵λˣ֪Ӧ뷨ûзʱȷԼ˯¶̨ѡ 
ӱʫҶһҲǷ˴ԭ¹ΪҪ˯¶̨Ȼůϴ޽ҲѱӱʫӲ˵гĹ㲻˯¶̨˯ذˡ 
ܺù˯¶̨ͬʱҲԼµӱʫҶ׷Ҳܡ 
ϴޣһ˯ĵذϣշתһ˯֪˶ȫ޷Ŀڸϲڵƻͨδִӡ 
һͺͷЦ˵𣿼ܷԵλŮҾͺҵĺֵΪѴ㡣 
һȾϽ𷢵ӰѺӱʫҶӱ˳Ⱦн𷢵ӸӿȡһЩɫҩǿнЩҩӱʫҶ£˵Щǻøģ 
һᣬӱʫҶϷ죬۰׵ļֳһ㱡ĺˮӱʫҶʼԼزǿʼԺʱҲµЩɫҩӦǴҩֻ뾡취ȥȺӱʫҶ 
ͺͷĺͽ𷢵ӽϵѹ󣬽ӱʫҶȥֻʣֺڿ㣬ɫǺٺЦֻѾɨҶ۵Ĵȣڿ˽ȥ 
ҪҪҶ˼£ȴøȥ˼ѾѣܡźߡҶȻ˵ȥȫͻȻһ֮һָڵҶСѨ 
ֿͺͷɫǵѾӱʫڿͣŪţӱʫȫŤšš 
ͺͷɫǹЦ˵Сã㿴ѾƷˣڲװ߰ɣ˵ͰѺӱʫּһһֱͦͦ¶ɫǰ 
ҪҪӱʫæһ飬ȴͺͷɫǵҡŪúӱʫȫȫģʱͺͷɫǳȥ;ͺźӱʫͷҧš 
ɫʱҲذҶֽ£һȫ¶˳ζţСͷʼе㷺죬Եˡ 
ӱʫҶЩҩһǱصڴϻţǵڿ㱻ɫҲû 
ɫ˵ļգȻȥ鷳ˣͺͷɫǱӴóһλ 
ɫ˵ȫȻλдգ 
ͺͷɫȰѺӱʫҶȫȻһ飬ɫʱһ˫Ľͷ 
Ҷֵƺ˵ҪǡȻȫ֪ա 
ҶôãɫѾͺͷɫԲԲ۵ƨɣɫʱְѺӱʫڻȻ˫̧ŪúӱʫȣͺͷɫǰһƬӱʫߵõͷóס˫ա 
ͺͷɫǺٺЦԽɫ˵СѨһţòã 
ɫǹЦ˵Ȼã˵˫ִӺӱʫȥƬϣȻ߷ֿ 
ӱʫ˵ŶˡˡҪСѨѾɫǰ¶⣬Сⶴܿ 
ӱʫҶɫŪǳܣȫ޷絶 
ءҶͻȻԭɫǰǴִĹͷҶСѨڣָͺͷɫһš 
˲ãҶʴ˵ҶѾɫŪϴȫѵùģѹڴϿɡ 
Ҷֻٷ˵ҡ㡭ŹҰɡܲˡҶ߷İڴϣȸɫǷֿǴִݺݵزСѨҶһսܹȫûзɵ˽ÿһ²ȥˮ˳ڴϡ 
ʱͺͷɫҲѹߵӱʫͷߣһְѺӱʫСֱһ־鷿ʹڴI鷿ñΣͺͷɫǰѺӱʫͷæҪ㿪ȴ°ͣ㲻ȥĴӱʫﱻŪ 
ӱʫҶȫɫǰځѣӱʫȥһŴϣͺͷɫͻȻѺӱʫ⻬޳ĴȱѴСѨֱͱȥ嵽СѨɵá 
İŮѱ˺һʱѾȫɫǰځѣɫǻһ߼źӱʫҶһǵɫ 
źӱʫڴϣͺͷɫǣЦֱذѺӱʫ˫֦زСѨʹۣǶԴִҰؼѹŮѵǶԲеԵ鷿ϣѹòһˣӱʫ˵鷿ģȴƥɫǴŪòͳ 
Ⱦ𷢵˵šˡ 
ҶĴϣȾ𷢵ҶڴϣκֽС͵ŮڱֻɫǼθңСѨѾҩӰ죬ɫǲĥˮֱŤļɫǰŲͣڶɼ伷ŪȥǸѾزСѨҵĶҶ鷿ҲŪûζƵԽԽ졣 
ʱ𷢵ɫƨɻζԽԽ죬ҶŴͣҺ˳ǸκصزСѨСѨɵ÷ȥСѨˮҲٵǽ𷢵ɫѾǿ֮ĩˣ˲ãѴݺݵزҶСѨСѨ侫ˣȻõϳĴʱŨŨľҺʹСѨð˳Ҷɵȫʱڴϡ 
ֻصӱʫϣӱʫҲͺͷɫǿţÿһ³鶯ĴСѨʱŪͣҵľ飬ӱʫɳزʱѾȣ 
ӱʫΣȽAVҪͺͷɫǶԺӱʫһҲϧһҲϧ᲻ŪˣÿһӶѴɽСѨҽ꣬ͺͷɫǷȥźӱʫͷͷҧúͨͨģƨɺһһسţǸһͱףÿ¶嵽ӱʫӹͺͷɫǻ۰׵ҡŴѴСѨ 
ӱʫȻļ۵ȹͺͷɫǵĴƨϣӱʫСѨɫϴֳɫëţӱʫͦС˽ͦԼ۵СѨſţɫһһµذͱѨģܵôҲźӱʫؼȥ鷿ּѹģȻȥĲӡ䣬ӱʫ׵ͨ죬˾ƣɫǾСͣӱʫǸͷ͹ŪţŪһѾܲˣ͸ɫ 
ںӱʫϵɫǣƨɼסӱʫ׳ŤƨɣҲǱǸŨСѨӱʫȻǂƨ϶ţǱŨȥʱҲ߳ˡ 
ǱҶS Ťźš˵ĽдҶתѹŤŽɫǵŪƿ΢طҪ㡭ܡ 
ɫǿûҶĽлѹڴϣĺ촽Ҷϸ۵Сͱǵûңځ׼һｿţſҡɽɫǜR衣 
ɫҶѩ׻ֵļϸţ鷿ֶŪСѨŪҶʹ۾׵鷿ϣͺͷš 
ҶɫһŪ˫Խ糺죬˿С춶ɫҲǣҶǸѹûٷҩʹҲѹԼĿ䣬ǴڲĥŲš 
ɫǵĴֱִ۹סʱûٷ͸ɫǷҶϣһѹꡱһŪȫҲʧؽܲˡҡ 
ҶȻɫǸСѨҶɫʮ£Ѿ߲ѣѩ׿ɰŽɫǵĴԼƨͦǸȫСѨ 
ɫѹҶʮӣǰǸ߸СѨɫǸ 
ǱͺͷɫѾѺӱʫ£ڴϣſſ滹źͿľҺҺ߹ɫߡ 
ҶѾɫǿ߻أſŴͺͷɫǹתûͰŪҶŪҶͿʼŪŪͺһƬǽ塣 
ɫǴŴ˵ģûޣΪϵϧòŮѲܣֻñŪɣ˵꣬ҶСѨġʮ£ȻŴһӲرƨɡ 
ҶС˺ܶྫҺСѨüƣȻŰγҶСѨɵú죬ǵľҺ浹մɳϡ 
ɫվ֮ͺͷɫְҶѹȥҶȫځѣɫǷֿ˫ȣַסС׼ˮСѨڣٶȽ˽ȥֱסҶӯԲΣʼͣٿʼҶ 
ȫ̱ҶСѨٶܵϮӣһţʹڷԣȴɫ˳סһҲ˵ֻñкߺ߼ɫ˳һͷסѨһĥתһǿҵϮϽɫͷٶ̱ڴϣƾɫĶ͵¾ֻʣʶĴʴǵĽ 
ɫҶСѨͣĳĥתԼǰٺͽɫĥѹһУͣĴŹӽٵǣģҶҡӣ˿ط䣺ôᡭҪ䵽ȥ 
ɫǽضҶĥ㻺תѹõľҺɽ̰ӿһ籩ĿͣҶȫҲвͣ˽УˡҪ 
Ҷ˫һţȫһץŴСѨһȵˮӿɫһһɹ̵ľҺȱꝺˮҶѨһνҺȫ䷵ڣ̵Ҷȫ鴤˿ͣ 
ֻһӱʫҪ˼ҡ졭มø硭ͣ룬šááมø硭ҡม 
ӱʫȫģɫѹڴϣ޳Ĵȱǰһ̴׮µشСѨӱʫɵȫӣԼСѨٶȣɫֱִǿӱʫ 
ӱʫȴֱǿĿҡͷζ㷢춶Ŷø硭˼ҡСѨˡšø硭˼СѨˡҪҲˡˡӱʫȻ˸ɵø߳ӱʫˮ_ŵĽɫǺ񻹲ͣظ 
ãӱʫţڴ˫ſڴϣ鷿űŵĽǰζšɫ˵û뵽ŮŮһɣǺˬ 
ʱǸںӱʫϵĽɫǰתڴϣ˫շۺӣԼ鷿ʱޱڿлζţɫǵ;ͺסͷͷɿŪţ۵ͷִֺ鷿ρǂⷵĿˮɰĺӱʫʱڴɽɫŪţصţǽڴշתţڶƨɡɫǸݺݵСѨţѺӱʫɵáֱš 
ɫǵͷԼĴͣźӱʫƯŮǶ˵ĽдѾȫ̲סѴСѨԽԽ󣬶ͱԽԽɫǳԽԽ죬̡úӱʫǰǵ֭Һ 
ǸͺͷɫϣѺӱʫתȥ̵ͦͲСѨúӱʫְؽÿһ¶ȫزŪãӹɵ鷿ͣζš 
ӱʫֱͺͷɫǸŪ˴СʱλѾҺȫѨɵȫҵŤšţҲٴŪϸ߳ 
ӱʫҶСʱɫսŽɫǲش·ӱʫҶڴϡǵСѨﶼҺ鷿ϡСϡ㷢ҲմȳľҺҵġս¡ҿɰĺӱʫҶRۡ 
ʱԺֻɫȥԺӼչ˺ӱʫҶͰʹ 
ɫ˵ŮܺҿθҪǹ 
֪Ҫ˺ӱʫҶߣǣҲ̲סʱȻͷӲУǰһڡ 
ʱһƬڣֻ¶̨͸΢ĵƹ⣬ԼȻ˯ڵذϣһֻ˵Ĳʱ^ʵԼǷУһʱ俪ͷƣӱʫҶ˯ڴϣ˷ܵϴӱʫҶεš 
ӱʫҶܵͻĴ̼ҲѽһгǼѹסΪɧǣƿʱҶðӱʫּһԼ논Ѫ˺ۣӱʫ˵Ϲôû𣿡 
˷ܵ˵û£ôҲᰮǣҲǣ 
Ҷ˵˵ô 
˵ûôֻǸղμǸ²ߣһʹټûҺܿģҲϢ˵ 
ӱʫ˵һȣͷΪôˣ 
˵Ĳ˵Ҹղ˯ڵذʱСǲʱŪ˵ġ 
ӱʫ˵ôС˯ڵذҲˣҲϴ˯ɣҲ㵽ֲˡ𴲡 
˵Ҫȥ 
ӱʫ˵ɵϣҵȻȥ˯ذ⣬ȥŪëĨ˿ڡ 
˵ϿвƬԼȥɣǧҪ´´ʰƬ󣬲ȥĨ˿ڡ 
æһϴȥ˯ȴ˯һߵ˫˴ԶӱʫҶҶ˵Ϲô˯һ˯˯ںӱʫҶ֮䣬ȥ˯ 
ֹ˲ãҶ˵ϹҲ˯ 
ӱʫ˵Ҳǡ 
˵ûжǸô 
Ҷ˵ûǸôƽʱҲ˼ҵ˯Ҫҡ 
ӱʫ˵ϹҸŪѣ˯İĵطҡ 
춺ӱʫҶʱֻһT 䵱˯£ֱǵ½ȥֱǵ鷿ţ˵𣿡 
ӱʫ˵ǷһЩůĸо 
˵ȥ»Ὣѵóǲ𣿡 
Ҷ˵ϲɣз 
ӱʫ˵㻹ô۵رҡ 
T Ϊӱʫ֣ȥҶʱıһҲӣҶ˵˼ҵǰ档ҵӺ󣬱ȥҶ֣˫ϡ 
ӱʫ˵ϹһڿδѣЩѹɣ 
˵ڿŪƵġ 
ӱʫ˵ģҴǰġ 
Ҷ˵ҵҲǣ⼸ϴڿȫ 
ӱʫҶֵڿıأɵָټϺӱʫҶϣ׵ǵڿ㡣 
Ҷ˵ϹҲѹɣ 
ٶϵٱλԸеļˣ˫ָḧǵĽ˫ͣǵϲͣḧţ˵𣿡 
ӱʫ˵ҵؿЩ⡣ 
Ҷ˵Ϲһס˼ҵ˯ 
˫ֱǵ鷿ϣֱַһߵ鷿˵ǲ 
ӱʫҶֻͷʾ⣬ƤָȥǵͷŪúӱʫҶһ𣬸ø˵Ϲ 
ɻϣϱλļ˶˯ɹյó̡




34 

ó̵ĵڶ죬Ҷͺӱʫһֻ¿㿪ʼϴڴϿҶͺӱʫһһеһЩʹҹĶΣһ뵽龰֪ΪôͻȻһͷҪúϧǰλμˡ 
ͺ󣬱ڷ£װӾصĴʩҶͺӱʫشϵĶǸߨӾ£ҲܳгõΡˮϷʱ˻魱ρױˣȴһ̬Ҷͺӱʫ۵Ҳˮطǵ 
ֱӾϣҶͺӱʫصԡʱǷûһһԡҶӱʫ˵ûзְЩף 
ӱʫ˵Ҳ㣿кûôɫûж˼ëëš 
һҲûнͻȻҶ˵᲻ҹĶйأ 
ӱʫ˵Ҳ֪ǿķӦǱһЩƻ 
Ҷͺӱʫԡϣһ˿߳ԡңԡңҪǴñ׼ʹ죬 
緹˱㵽ӰԺۿһĵӰӰʼñһĻȵ棬Ҷͺӱʫе㲻˼һǱ㿿ļϣַŵǵ鷿ϣҪһֻǵŪħָ͸ֺڿڰֱӰϣҲֻǵҶͺӱʫתġ 
ڴϼװɢ͵ĺ缰ϵɫ£˵ǽҲѾ㣬ҿǷģһϧǣ˺ǲ벻ԴȻ鵫еҶͺӱʫҲҲϢҸĻ¡ 
Ҷ˵ǻطϢɣ 
Ƿط䣬ӱʫ˵Ϲԡ׺ܴһϴҪҲ 
ķӦȻе㿹ܵ¶ӦԡҺҶͺӱʫѵóٰ·˱㼷˫ԡ˫ԡﵫһҲȡ 
עˮԡڣҶͺӱʫҲкڣ´ǵ壬ֻϴʱҶҲ̲ס˵Ϲ𣿡 
˵ûǡ 
ӱʫ˵Ϊôǣ˼ôҪЩһѵóҲ˼ңǲǲϲҡ 
Ҷ˵Ϲô˵ôҪ 
˵Ҷûб䣬ֻϧǡ 
Ҷ˵ΪôնǲǺҹĶйأ 
˵µûеĲҿͽʱǵĸоҲҶͺӱʫ˵ 
ҶͺӱʫǰҶ˵ɵϣξҲ档 
ӱʫ˵ѵԺҲǰ𣿡 
˵뵫»Ūʹǡ 
ӱʫ˵ǰҲϲ𣿡 
˵ȷнʹ 
Ҷ˵ɵϣЩʱʹǴܰҸһľܾ㣬֡ 
õһֵõŵĸоҶͺӱʫ˵лţ 
Ҷ˵ЩǣղϴʱרģٰϴһΣٳ׵ϴ 
ȽҶԼҶ㵽ӲķϣŤ塣һЩԡš 
ӺֵҶǰţҶ۾ݵĲ붯ȴһ˫ϡ״ţͬʱĦȻ׾һ˫鷿Ҷۻ鷿֣ԡҺ󻬣ҶʮָʼȥͷͷԭͽָţŪ֮ҲӲҶ飬СͷĥָҶСȥ 
ҶŤ壬ķϵĴҲŤһһĶ 
ҶСϻҶЦû֦ҲʱҲ鷿ϵľݵ㣬ԽСҶСѨϣҲָҲеմһЩˮ 
ָķΧвţҶ˫ֻرͷļϣ͵ͷȥľӣ۾ĵճˮȴԽԽࡣ 
һֻҲǰ֧ԮҶѾʼڷһͬеСѨɦҪһʾȴֱСǷסֻͷսǵ㣬⻥סš 
ҶĺͷһֱҪſ죬գҶᡰŶָټŬҶԽԽȻһ˸߳ 
ҶԡﴭϸĵرΪϴϵĺˮͬʱҲ߳İɶԼϸģҶ㣬Ҹ΢ЦĻǸеǷȱô 
һԹۿĺӱʫҲе٣Ħ̵գϸ@ļӵţӱʫĿڣָ׿šӱʫȴšŤ죬֪ԭǡ 
ӱʫԼƣһֱʹĲӣ׾ͽ̣Լ§ϡ 
ӱʫԶ³Сͷ˱ţ촽ļˣӱʫ֦ɣȫס§ϰӱʫ߳ǣҲСŸŪ 
𽥴תΪ飬ʼʳӱʫ⣬㷴Ϊ뵽ӱʫӱʫߣҺڣܲ͸磬ݏƬ촽һƵġ 
ӱʫƶӱʫ鷿ϡӱʫҲȥͦظӭɵ׸ţӱʫ[ü顣 
鷿ϣָס鷿ĴָͷϷɿēӲӱʫ̲סޡӱʫ鷿Եͦͦأ§ߣһͷԽӱʫУ鷿 
α߱ţżͷȥᴥͷһ£ӱʫ˵ϹͷУ 
콫ͷ̽ȥϸϸ˱ţćţӱʫŶĸ΢Цֽͷס²ӣҲĶ 
˾۰ȡöԷӵӱʫһ˫鼷һſĴָʳָһһͬʱɦӱʫͷ 
ӱʫǡЦǡźߡ̾ϢһҲ˵ţ𣿡 
ӱʫ˵ҪһЩϸСԡڵĴϣĹͷСѨӱʫ۾ǰһ̣ӱʫ˫ü棬ӣֱ嵽ףȺ۵ģòӱʫҲšһֵĺ 
ϼĴͣͣӱʫһСѨñæʹһϹӱʫǰ˫˫ְסϣҲʼסζ 
˫Ҳӱʫʵһ˫ϣǰһ飬ʱץȴסбΣİ£úӱʫӣţգһˮ۾ҪγˮƵġšϹ 
ӱʫ䣬һסСѨԳ룬ӱʫǳʵУÿһ䣬ڵĴӲȴε쳣ã͸ҧһڣֱȥ 
HŪٻأӱʫԾе㶪⣬Ҳʼӽüʮ£߳ȻӿֱͷɭȻйûޣϡ 
ӱʫߵͨ죬ӵһΪϴˮʱӱʫͻȻۿˣ˵ϹҸղź찮Ҿ㲻רģֻǲǲϲң˵֮ӵ 
һԵҶҲӵţ˵ңǻ᲻ϲǣһλޣҲִ˲ƣ 
ӱʫ˵Ϊôղź찮ʱ£Ȼи߳ĸ߳˿ҲоھϵĽ 
Ҷ˵ϹҲ˵ϧǣϧ˵ǵȫֻϻϡǷչôѵҲǵ𣿡 
˵ǵ˼ҽʫʫʱͲȻ뵽ҹĶΣʹĸоԱ׽С 
Ҷ˵ǲ뵽ǵ屻@ԣ㲻ٰǡ 
˵Ȼǣ۷ôҲ뿪ǣֱҶȥ 
ӱʫ˵ϹҲ˵ǶΣʵҲӦŲ£ϲʱĺϹÿκ찮ҸֺĹģΨһϹ 
Ҷ˵ϹϲͰҲȱ㣬ҵ;ҲֻԽһˡ 
Ҷͺӱʫ԰׺󣬸һͷȷԼģһ󣬱Ҷͺӱʫ˵Ŷлǡǵy  
һ˵ǿԸҶһλᣬΪϴͬʱҲ֪ԼǷѷ²Ե 
Ҷͺӱʫͷͬ⣬Ƚԡˮߣٴ½ԡעůˮԡױأʾҶͺӱʫϡ 
ҶͺӱʫָʾΪ˫Ƚǵһ鷿ټһһڱͬʱ˱ǽ޵ͷҶͺӱʫܿȫȣ˴ϢһĲӣһ鷿ȥǵ鷿 
Ҷͺӱʫϣ˫Ҳ˳ǵ۰񱳻ǻԲķϲͣĸҶͺӱʫҲ̩θֶڶ 
˫ĿĲ춴ˣ˫ͬʱжҶͺӱʫĹɹһӱִĿĵأҶͺӱʫСѨָҶͺӱʫСѨţǱָ̧СѨڣ˾ôദѿƾŸоϣҶͺӱʫĬһԌIһ 
ָʼĦǵ٣ΪǴ˲ԶĿָ֣ļӿָĳٶȣҶͺӱʫҲĽѾͣĳţˮҲԽԽ࣬СѨˮ̵ĺˮӿ˳ҲԽԽ󣬡ô䡣 
ҶͺӱʫĶԱ˵ҿԽǶŽ𣿡 
ӱʫ˵Һ࡭ϹĴҡ㽫Ĵϣ׼ӭӡĽ롣 
ͷסСѨڣˮĥһӣӱʫҲͦƨӭգһġŶһѾȫû 
ĴʼСѨͣ˳ٻ룬úӱʫӦ󣬴㿪ʼӿ鶯Ƶʣ𽥼ٵƵúӱʫٴν֮УʼСѨڴĿС 
ҶӱʫҸЦݣĦҶкӱʫͷӣӱʫҲȻܣ˻ཻҺⲻڶԷѰţҶͬʱҲʼںӱʫ鷿ϸš 
˫ʱҲӱʫҸ£ʵ鷿ţӱʫĵ鷿˫ֲͣŶñ䡣 
ҶСźӱʫķ۾ǵ鷿ϣͷĴںӱʫСѨڲͣ壬ӱʫϵеطǲͣСѨˮӱʫǳãͷҡһһ£øôԲ嵽ףҶºӱʫõһһεĸ߳ 
ӱʫ˫ֻرϺӱʫСף˵ͷֲһʱźӱʫ鷿ֿʼ̽Ҷ鷿ḧҶȥŪӱʫ 
ӱʫõĿУѿľףͣţŶŶϹҰ㡭졭졭졭ССиСˡһᡭ 
еӱʫӳ鶯ĸˣСѨŵĳӱʫҡͻΣӿٶȽ嵽ףСѨһ飬ӱʫҲһθ߳Ҳһ磬絽Ĺͷˮй˳ŪҲմһˮ 
ӱʫĽϣĴСѨڣӱʫߵ˵ϹҺе㽫һһڣϹ㻹δ㣬Ѿ۵òܶ𣿡 
ںӱʫ鷿ḧ˵Ҳ㣬ҿҲȥĿҶһһ뻳 
ӱʫ˵ſңůˮƣۣȥ㽫СѨٽӱʫĽůˮ 
Ҷ˵˵ô˵һҪҡ 
Ҷϣ˵ѵ𣿡 
Ҷ˵ߵԶԣ˵㲻Ҳԣõ㣡 
Ҷʳָסˣ˫ʳָָָ˱˼ΣȻ󻻳ָ編š 
Ҷָͷһסĸоϴȫָ˱iסˡ 
ҶֲΡΡڷȥ֣ҶȡãͷҶָţҶĺһң󣬱㽫Ҷ§ 
Ҷ˳ӵĿϣͷļס˵Ϲ 
ͷҶ½໥࣬λòͣҶСæţӺšš 
뿪ҶС˵ţӦ𣿡 
Ҷûлشֻĺ󾱣żĽ찴ԼĴϣԼжϵǣֱ׵˺ǣŷ뿪ǵ۾ϣҶ׵ɧѵһֱ̾ 
ͬʱҶҶЦȥҶĶ䣬Ķţϸ΢ġ죬ΪҶ̼УȻĽ˳ 
Ҷ˫§Ҷزද˵ţҪ㡣ҶôҲ˵ 
ȡһж˫ֹҶ壬ʳָָ춼еҶͷ 
Ҷͷտʼʱֻһ㣬ûþָӲͦҶмܲסֱţޡޡ 
ҶֱۣȥǣŪҶǿЦҶҸ£ջζҶüѹۿıϣĴţһһڵؽҶҲǱ飬ҶԽԽ޷԰Ρ 
ҶŤתϰ飬鷿ĥ䣬˵Ūôã˼һܲˡ 
֪ҶҲˣ˵㲻ϴӦңԶǿأ 
Ҷ˵˼ûоܾ㡣 
˵ڲУҪҡҶȥ 
Ҷһձ㷢ӲЦϹҶŵ鹵ϣһ۰׵鷿ΰסΪŪ 
ʱӱʫҲ˵ϹҲ㡣һ˫ıĥ䣬һ˫ͷ 
ͱͬʱܵչˣ㣬ȥҶ鷿ҶֻߵһۣȥŪתȥǺӱʫӱʫҲС׾ףﵽıϣԸܵһ˫飻Ůġл£ܿ㡰̧ͷ 
˵Ҫɣ 
Ҷڳɶ׹ԡ̻ҶԲҶҲɵϣСѨ;¶춽ֻͷҶСѨϣһ࣬ҶˣСѨԭʪһƬ£ʱͷҶˮϣֱ 
ӱʫҶСѨˮͣҲҶϣȥƤĺӱʫҶľţᴥʹҶǶ 
ҶȫҪţ徭ּйֵüֱҪ죬漴ӹˮø࣬ͷβİڶʹһθ߳ˡ 
ʱ޷ȥͷסСѨǳʪױ㱻룬һͦ˳ֱ־ͷӹҶ߳Ŷ 
ҲʼҶʪСѨ鶯ÿСѨʱҲһ˿ˮ˫ִԽҶҸȥĥͷСɵͷӲķָʳָԲ᲻صŪҶͷҶ鷿СѨõĿкɢȫѵС׷˵ŶŶĽйͣ 
ҶҲʼӦ㽫͵ٶȼӿ죬еĶͷҲӴҶҲеøˣϹŶҲаŶСŶ 
һͣ˵ţҿ𣿡 
ҶͷߵĿ˵Ϲ㲻Ҫͣң㲻Ҫֻ˼ҵͷ˵ԼҡƨͦСѨȥŪĴ 
Ҷɧֿ̬֣ʼ˫ֲֹֻŪҶͷһ˫ֽ˫鷿Ҳͣϲȥɰͷ˵𣿡 
Ҷܰɵĳֻͣ˵ţӿĳ弸£ȥͷʹ׷㲻˵֪治뵽СѨڡ 
Ҷ״˵ϲŶϹŶҡŶҲϲŶϹ 
ͦǰһֱͣҶӹֿ죬СѨҪҶͣҡͦӭĳͣҶҲ˽гŶϹŶϲÿ¡嵽ӹ硭ҿ첻ˡҪˡϿ졭ҡҡСҡˡáϹҡҪˡϹáˡˡû˵꣬һˮֵõ߳ˡ 
ûô屻ԺҶڳʱžžžײ̡̡ˮ͡ŶŶԡңʱӱʫӴӱһ˫ıϣǰḧҶκָסҶľһ죬ʳָԼһҶĸˣָ 
Ҷ̼ܵĽгæš 
һҶΪҶԼܲˣϾ˸߳С״һӴҺɢ硣 
ǰܵӱʫҶҲ˸ߵ㣬ٷ˼ʮ£ҺȫעҶӹУֱô˲ŰγСѨ 
ȽҶԡһ§뻳ڣһͬһԡҶ˳ƺߵĶһ§źӱʫСףӱʫҲֵúţ͵͵ס鷿ĴҲλʩΪ˵ţл㣡 
תͷҶһ£˵ţҲл㣡 
˾³˲ã˵ͻȻ뵽ǱҵٻһϴİѣҪһʵԡңһ˵İĦԡףͬʱֿԡʱ͵ҹɫ 
ӱʫ˵ΪôҪôԡף 
˵ҿԺһͬҹɫ 
Ҷ˵;ͣҹɫ뿴Һʫʫ㱧š 
˵УÿҲ޵С 
ӱʫҶһ˵Сʱ˵Ҳưǹ⻬屧ĸһЩ˵ֻкһʱ޵СĵطµĺŮѡšԸһһչ˺ͺǻǡ 
ӱʫС˵ƨ 
Ͻİѻ˵ƨĻȷʵġ 
Ҷ߻һ˿Ц˵һͲĵģûг⡣ 
Ҳ˵ӱʫҶ׹úӱʫҶЦֱͣҲŷſӱʫҶ 
˵ҲҪˣĨǬ 
Ҷ˵ϹﻹδϴСŪ 
˵ҪСָӣһĨ 
ӱʫȡЦҶ˵Ҳ֪ȾǶȥҲС˼ɣ 
һ˵ҶǺߣָ˷ܣʱһȣϼæͷţʫʫ˼ˣӱʫʱЦ 
ͻȻվӱʫСӱʫͻļСףʱһһһۺ󣬱㲻ͣȥܣܺӱʫС׵ůٵͷźӱʫôƯ˵ŮԼֳɾ͸мֱ޷ݡ 
ֻӱʫֿʩһ۶ʱ³ͷһŪʮӣûй⡣ 
ŪֿᣬҲ̣𣬺ӱʫ̧˵˼ҿڶˡ 
ӵźӱʫͷȥһֿȵĳǺ˵ΪÿڣѾˬˣղżģʹ 
ӱʫ˵Ϲ㻹Ҫ 
ԵҶߵ˵ɰɫϹҪ𣿡 
˵Ҫ㣡 
Ҷǰ˫ֱβ÷ĴҶý۵ָҶ۵С׿ʼȥĴͷڹͷµмˬ͸Ҷ˱Ĵ˫ǷҸëŪĹͷǵ쳣ÿҶ⻮ȥһһ飬е񴥵ĸо 
ʱҶϸİ˫Ҷ鷿Ҷеͷһ飬Ҷе徭һ˿˿Ĵ̼һӾǱĵ 
˷ܵ˵ţţزеԣ 
ҶõɵĳדСƶٵ׶˱ĴҶףҶС˫ִĿУŪʮӣȻ֮ͷʹһҶ֪Ҫ˼ӽϵ׶һͦסҺ͡ĿҶʹסͷʪȵľҺ죬оҺ˳촽£Ň¶УҶס˵ô 
ӱʫʱҲӲס໹ڹͷϵ򶯣ΪҲ׵Ž³ 
ӱʫҶٱݺݵӱʫҶһҲ 
ǲŷֿٽ϶Ǭ˵ǲҪȥȡ·ϲų 
ȡ·ͬʱҲȡλӱʫҶҲ֪ҲӱյˣԣҲϰڳ̬Բ׽ÿͷ 
Ϻ˵ԽԽһԌIãκҲ࣬ÿһܺġ 
ӱʫ·˵ҺͿ˶ͬѧڻһͬŮѣһвtĵ 
Ҷ˵׾ˣҺʫʫֻúԸ㡣 
һһ§λνߵߣ˵ǻԸңЩ˵ұȶԸǣ 
ӱʫҶ߽˵ 
ϴｫ˽˵ֻķ˵ȥǵ·ܿӱʫҶѹ⣬ɢڵϣֻöڱص˺ӱʫҶ֪ζԸǡ 
ܿӱʫҶõ˴𰸣ʹǼڱ뿪ġƹΪͷǵСѨ;ţʹӱʫҶõһһεĸ߳һǵˮա 
ֱӱʫҶ§˵ǿ˵𣿡 
Ҷ˵ղűõ˴𰸡 
һͷˮӱʫ˵ɵϣղű㲻㲻𣿡ʱʵȳΪӱʫҶķ² 
Ҳܴ𰸣ӱʫҶҲ§ǵϸ˵ҲҪıƹȥǣ˵ָʱֱǵľϣŪ 
ӱʫҶҲֵİʩΪ˯Ҳǵζ˯




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˵ӱʫҶùͺ㵽ӾӾӱʫҶӾ£ˮ֣ϲʴǵӾǵ鷿ΣӱʫҶӵһҲӲħ֣񱳺θ׾ˡӱʫҶӾرɹ̫ʱŷŹǡ 
ӱʫҶʱ˵ȱʱҶ˵Ҳ֪ѡѡ 
ӱʫ˵עҪշСɫ 
ҶЦ˵˵УҺʼҲףǴգ㲻ڿOK˼أҲȥǣᡭû˵ȥ 
ӱʫ˵ôΪô˵ȥǲҵĴߣлýˡ 
Ҷûлشںӱʫ׷£Ҷ˵ڹ԰ڽļӦŮѣҺ״۹ϵһЩ 
ӱʫ˵ղ˵УҿϴһҸס 
Ҷ˵ò˼⳶ӱʫϣҲ˵˺ͰпʼľýֺͰʼ 
ӱʫ˵ڸеǴαҵУڱ˵չˣĺǻºӱʫεõһεĸ߳ڽ¾ҺѧߵҺΪֱЩǿ󣬵õϸĹػĵһҲ׸Ҳ 
ҶϱֳһЩ죬ӱʫ״˵ǲҺͰһ𡣡 
Ҷ˵ǣֻЩ죬ЩƭĸоҵĺãҲ㡣 
춳ӾϺǱط£һ·ҶҲû˵Ҳвףӱʫ͵͵ĽǰҶĶԻ򵥵˵׷ô¡ 
뷿󣬺ӱʫȥԡ£ҶڷڣҶ춴͵ӽĿǰ˵ţѾ֪ΪҺʫʫ£ҿԱ֤û㣬ҶѵѾ𣿡 
Ҷǵûת˵ţҿڲŲã֪˵ôԭңİʫʫֱԶ 
Ҷ˵ڲŲþͲƭҺʫʫŮѣһ֮ʵҶʱȷеѽܺͺӱʫһͬȥټһ˻֣ͺӱʫϸĺǻҲ޷ԣѽͷųΪ˲֪ôԭԣҪԭ¡ 
Ҷ֣˵Ұ㣡˵ֱϣҶҲջС֣ŵвVֻš 
ÿ˵һ䡰Ұ㣡Ҷһ£һֱʱҶƿ˵ˣҪ棬Ҳ飡´ʱҶӺ§ᰴ춴ϡ 
˵ţ㲻ҪߣԭҺ𣿡 
Ҷ˵ԭ¡㷢뽫ƿҶܿܣ׽Ҷ˫ְ춴ϣСϣҶá 
˵ţֻҪԭңұſ㣡 
ҶΪ˵ŮҲԭҶ˵ſң 
ͷҶСȥҶ״㽫ͷתֻ࣬ķ۾ϣľ״һ۾ڷ۾׸ͣѱϢĶͶҶĺ٣Ѿ΢΢ЩС΢ŲţϹԭ㡣 
Ҳ˵ҶӣͬʱҲҶ˫ַſҲץסСۣȥĶѣҶʱƾãйҶ򦣬ѣٶӣ 
Ҷ˫ţǵң˫С־ļͷ§ľĶ˱ 
Ҳûֱȥ飬æȥ飬ٻص飬ؼΰѲˣͷ 
һ˫鷿ϸרĵĺš 
òͣҶĲ§ýģǴ˵ϹֻáЩ˼ҡ 
˵ţҰ㣡ٶӣҶҲ鲻ԽؿʼֳûҶӾߵļ£Ҷߵ鷿㱩¶˳һںסǿŷۺɫͷֿڲý鷿ҲÿŽ޵ͷҶ 
ҶұߵӾ¼£ұߵ鷿Ҳ¶ڿУҪȥ޵ͷҲҶһ˫ֺҶҲ˵㡭򡭡㡭ʱߵҶɵָӾСѨɦҶͬʱܵ۰ϸ֫¼ҵŤţСѨҲʼˮӾҲɸеҶʪˮ 
ʼҶߣͷȥֱȥСѨϣʼӾͷȥСѨҶſűһҶӾƿֱҶСѨͷСѨȥˣʱҶɢ̧β˫ȣĶ 
ҶʱԡҵŴ򿪣ӱʫֻһɫԡǰһƬѩ׵¶˳㿴ҶĻɫޱߵ龰ҶæӾºԡҡ 
ҲԡңӱʫʱӱʫЦ˵ϹŬķһ£Ҳԡҡ 
ԡҺһʱ佫ŹϣǰҶӺ뻳УҶ߽ߵЦ 
˵ϲ㣡˵ͬʱ˫ҲûţֵӾڣϺƣҶǣǣĽЦ߰ڶ͵Ϯֲּǰŭʵ˫壬ĴУ̲ס鷿˿̵泱졢ӣ΢š޷΢ҡЩңѩ׵΢΢Բͦøߣ鲻ԽһּϮСѨ 
ȴҶֹҶҡͷ˵ϹˣҪϴ 
ǰȥ˵ţҪԧԡ 
Ҷôһ٩Ľ죬Ҫңɬ| ˵أø 
һķΣһڒ鷿ŤŤܣҶɬ˵Ҫ˼޷ˣҪϴҲҪӾ¡ȴͷҶжϵǵ߻أֻǴځѣֱ׵˺ǣŷ뿪 
ҶŽӾ£ű˫Ū۵ͷҶߴϢ˵ţ治 
Ҷƴҧס촽˫κ죬ֻššӦҶתҪ˫ְϴ̨ϣ縡ͻҶķϣĹɹϣСѨ;ţҶֵѾҾأҲ£˫֣ѻڼҪһͷӲ۰޵ϣӯһʺı顣 
ɵͷƬˮˮסӿ󡱵ؿ˱һһڣһܵĴ꣬ٿرſϹһԵĿУҶСֱܱȫ 
ʣţ治 
Ҷջǲ͹˫΢գ״ε˵ššŪŵɡһ߰ڶŪһִ˫ȥŪһ˫飬ϵõ۰ˬ˵šϹŪú 
ҶͣҪأĿУҶŪθ߳ 
ҶСѨ;ѱˮվôӺСѨڣҶĥֱСţšϹˡšľӣҡŷΣߵСѨߵͷԼĴͦ۵ĻĴ 
ĴһĴ̽ҶڣѨʱֵĲ춵ִӹҶòԾ˫ֻۣĳСѨŰĺһֻٽ嵽ӹĽ˶ΣŽٶȼӿ죬ʹҶ˽гϹšˡٲ塭١ġúŶϹ 
Ҷѧ仯㣬խСܵĲ⼱۵ڵ䶯˱ĴΧѨǳܼʵİѹʱ 
ҶűĿУСѨн£һɹɵˮҶĴҶ˼ʮºҶ˫ֱůˮĽһθ߳ 
Ҷй֫Ҫ̱£æסֽת棬˫ִҶ佫֫ؼСѨ 
ҶȻֽķӦȴȻǿңĴֱӹʹⲻͣʹĴְģˬ쵽˼㡣 
ףβٵĥҶˮĽɧģŶÿѽҪˡϿ졭ݲáš¡ҡСҡˡСѨֲס̵֭ȫϡ 
øד˵šҪڡСѨ 
Ҷ˵ϹšڡҡСѨ 
װٴҶͲº󣬴˳ƵֽӹҺȫҶӹҶһֵ̣סӹҲŰһٴˮɽһεõ߳ˡ 
ǱҶ죬¡߽ԡײŷſ 
Ҷ§һ˵ϹһᵽСױſС׺סˮˮԵڶǡ 
ʱԡűƿӱʫ̽ͷҶסϸĵţ˵ǿЩϴ棬ڿ㡭Ҫˡ 
Ҷûлش𣬼ֱǬŴС³Ҷſӱʫ˵ˣ͵Ҳ֪˶ٴΣѵҪԣ㲻𣿡 
ӱʫһ˵˵ߵǣЩɣŹϡ 
Ҷſʼϴ壬Ϊºӱʫȵ̫ãԣҲҴҵϴ߳ԡңʱӱʫѴ·ǡҶҲϿĴ· 
ӱʫҶҲǶȹչһ˫޳ȣӱʫһT¶ѩ׵Сгһ˫T·ʱڶչഺϢҶһɵT¸ʱ¶磬¿޼İɫ֡ѩ׵źһ鹵 
ʱ㽫ӱʫҶ§ţ˵ǽرƯ 
Ҷ˵Ϲرɫ档 
˵ֻǰҲŸҺɫ 
ӱʫ˵ɫϹֲôϲѹ˼ҵ·ҺͿ 
˵ô˵ʹˣ찮ǼҪúýѵ㡣ͷϺӱʫӣӱʫӦš 
Ҷ״˵ϹˣһſӱʫСףҶСףයŪҶҲܻǡ 
ԭ§źӱʫҶ˫ǵĶȹڣ̶ǵڿ㣬ḧǵķΣӱʫҶֻڷμ±İʱſҶСף˵ǻҺɫ𣿡 
ӱʫ˵ҪҲûãϹҺɫֻýϹȱ㡣ϡ 
Ҷ˫۲Ĳӣ˵ֻҪϹʵʱǺɫҲܡ 
˵ôʵʱ򣿡 
Ҷ״һº˵ֻɶʱ򣬺񡭡ڡ 
˵лǽҵȱ㡣˫ٴ§źӱʫҶ 
ӱʫҶʹһɫ˵Ϊ㲻ʱ͵Ϯǣֻ㡣ӱʫҶ§˫۷ŵǵǰ˫鹵ϡȻ·ԸеҲ˵ֿʼĿ 
ֵʱúܿ죬תۼͣӱʫִʮĳڡԽϻĴң춲ۼֽ⵽ĳ桰Խϻʮùٵط档 
ӱʫҶҲöͬʱһνʮͶһԽϻԱԸϿ쵽ط֣ٺ֮һөĻͣ漴ʱ֪ѾӮһۻ˷ܵӵһţºɶĳְԱĵ¼۳ͺǹԼʮԪĽȡ֧ƱǱ㻶ϲȥףֱҹǲŷط 
ӱʫҶʱ黹Ż֮ƣС¶̨ϴҹ磬侲ػ£ӱʫȿ˵Ϲʽ𣿡 
Ҷ˵ʽϹá 
˵ʽǵģΪһѾõݾ޽λ绨ĺŰңǲҵ𣿡 
ӱʫ˵ֻƭˣȥƭ˼ң 
Ҷ˵˼Ҳ֪ξܾ 
˵Ƕ԰޵һ⣬ҼһҳߣͲǶǺ𣿡 
ӱʫ˵㻹˵ǴҳߣҺͿ㡣 
Ҷ˵ЩҺʫʫҲţǶ롣 
˵ǲҲҺβǵķ²ԸȥΪκ¡ҪԺӲǣҲҽӽǣұԶӵλţ 
Ҷ˵ԭôһ˫mϣͦʩΪһᣬҶ˵Ϲ 
ӱʫԿһк˵Ϲɲһζһ㣬Ǿܾ㡣 
Ҳӱʫ뻳˵ġʱаֽ;ԭȫǴΡ 
һһ˵λˣͻȻ뵽ǽЩһҰְֵͶʹ˾ͶʣΪֵ˵ڴѧҵʱǱԵжɹһ٣ҵʵľԹӱʫҶĽҲ޳ɡ 
˵λˣЩȥϴɣʱ䲻磬ҪЩʰװ 
ӱʫ˵Ϲ㲻һ𣿡 
˵ҪʰһЩװǵȥϴɣ 
ҶС˵ϹҪϴ 
˵λŹԣǲϴ˯ĻΪ˯߲㣬ͻкȦƯ 
ӱʫ˵ǺðɣǱȥϴǷطڣǰTȹֺڿҲ£ǰɧŪ֫ߵԡң뽫Ůһ뻳Ϊǿ㹻ʱϢ˵ٲȥϴҾҪݺݵĴǵƨɡ 
ӱʫҶ󲢲ڴϣҶ˵Ϲ 
ߵǰںӱʫķĴһ£˵ӱʫԡҲŷ£ߵǰʱҶĻצ§˵Ϲȥԡҡıһ§ҶһķĴһ£ͬԡҲŷ£תȥȡǵ滻˵ϴ·׼ִǵƨɡӱʫҶҲԹԵĿʼϴ衣 
ںӱʫҶϴʱſʼʰװʰ׵ӱʫҶҲϴϣ㵽ԡϴ裬ϴߵǰʱӱʫҶѸϱ˯ڴϣֻӱ¶ͷӭ΢Цָһ߱𣬱ֻһСڿ㣬˵Ǹô· 
Ҷ˵ЩϴɣҪˣѡֻϴȥһ°ѱ˵סӱʫҶצһ˱סѹ⡣ 
Ҷ˵˼ҵƨɣڻЩʹǲǲϧǡǱСڿڷḧ֪ǱǵķΡ 
˵ںЩ𣿡 
ӱʫ˵ڿͻһЩ 
˳ǵڿ㣬Էͦ飬ͣĥ䣬˵ 
Ҷ˵ղǣҪ淨ֻǵĻġ 
˫ֱƵӱʫҶϸֲʱēǵͷӱʫҶҲ棬˵һٽ§ţ˵λСˣҪ˯ɣӱʫҶȻҪſ˯˯ȥ 
һ죬ʱͻȻӱʫҪطȡһЩطҶڲڵǣͺӱʫط󣬺ӱʫߵǰֵдҶ 
ʱӱʫСĳг鷿ĻһڲֻĿťСϵĶȹذԲ߳гԵӱʫС½һγһ鹵㲻Ծߵӱʫ˫ֽһ§ 
ӱʫһ§еϸĴţվֱͷһ£˵ϹԣҪҶٸ㣡 
ҲǺӱʫ˵ˣ˫ֱСĵ½ȥźӱʫСֱ鷿Ե 
ӱʫ˫ִСڳ˵ϹҪڵǣ 
˵Ҫϧʱ䣡һ̽Ķһָźӱʫļӱʫһ˫[۾˵šҪһ˫鷿޼İɫźļ٣ѩ׵ǻ 
ҧסĶ䣬ⴭӱʫ˵Ҫȴٱ۷ָͷһҲûҪֻܾŲԾ㣻ȥ਺ӱʫļ⿪ֿӣһͷųӱʫæ˫ָһ˫飬ٰźӱʫļ׵ͷż򣬺ӱʫСſȴֻһëֽ 
ӽȽӱʫĶȹť⿪ٽڿԵĴӽ£Сڿ˳ƵĵڵϣֽӱʫĶȹƸߵֱѩ׵ķΣֳӱʫ̵ķţʱӱʫáһгˣĻ߼򣬺ӱʫͷnȲĶţӱʫ˫һڴԵ 
ҲʱϣںӱʫķκʹȵĽ紦ţ⽻紦ϵţӱʫҲͦͷҲСѨϡ 
ӱʫͷֻСѨţϣõͷοɵĽξ̧ߺ𣬺ͷֱСѨϡ 
ӱʫСѨʪʪСѨţͣˮͷУúӱʫš 
ͻȻӱʫСѨΪתȥľţͷִֵСȦϻΪҪӱʫпУͷҪֱӱʫɦּӱʫķΰڶСѨ͵ľϣҲͷСѨĽţͷǼлھϣӱʫСѨ;ͣ͹սȫ˵Ľˮ߳ˡ 
ʱ¿ӣŴ׼ӱʫСѨRʧʪůСѨֱӱʫӹڣ˱Ľһ𣬺ӱʫûԤ±Īķλĳ£߳չСѨܿƵֿʼ 
ķСѨнһɹɵˮӱʫĴûúӱʫԶԷѾڶǰ׶ͽ˫Ƶǰأ鷿ӱʫ׽ǺЦţ㷢ɢ 
ӱʫ΢΢ͦһ˫鷿ѷӲͷӱʫûֹŬĽǰζӱʫŬҲͦӱʫҲϳ鶯ǰζΣĥˮˮ˳Ŵϣ˵ҪͣŶϹܡ 
ÿһζĽ뵽ӹڣȻܿ˳ֺܿٴһţӱʫеİ⣬Ũ˵á 
ӱʫСѨͲϵĳAнҲǵټӴּӲǺӱʫֱøӱʫߵͲҲйͣ 
ȻӱʫͷһǿҵһʱҧסĹͷˮؼ˸߳źӱʫ޷֧ţϣͣش 
Ҳ˸߳ҺӱʫӹֳƳ˼ʮ£ô˲ŰγСѨ˴˴ãŰѺӱʫӵ뻳УϢΣΪҶıϽ㴩·ϻز·ϺӱʫСѨˮ;Һ·Ȼ 
ͺӱʫزإʮӺҶʱдӱʫ㷢ҲЩɢңҲһ˿˿ҺζҲµɵ£ûмʱҷֵֻĿӱʫӱʫ͵ǹСŮ˷ߵĴͷ 
Ҷźӱʫһԣںӱʫϸ˵һ󣬺ӱʫһҶߵ˵ˣҶ˵˱ס 
Ҷ˵Ϲҵ߰ɣ˱뿪طţһƷ̵ʱˮʮ־@Ǳ㹺͸ҶͺӱʫȻʮصʮֻϲ 
춷ͷʱǻƻ裬ԣùź߻ططڴϣҶͺӱʫ࣬Ҷ˵Ϲ㲻¸ǣ㲻λᣬӮǱҿ㡣 
˵ǲѾÿҲҡ 
Ҷ˵Ҳֻ˵Щ˵Ҫô 
һ˵ÿҲһ 
ӱʫ˵򵥡 
§˵ҵĳɾʹ󽱣ȻҵԣҵȻҪúչˡ 
ӱʫ˵໬㻺۾ӣӡϣһӺӱʫҲҲʱ˱࣬ʱǵ췭ء 
ԵҶҲѽǻϣһ˫·ĥģʱſ˺ӱʫСףҶͨ죬СףҶҲʱϺͷǵøˡҶСҲûΪ¿ͳѷӲĴŪ˵ղźʫʫҲôӲ 
˲ɵһű˵Ϊô֪㲻ϲ𣿡 
Ҷ㽫ղ˵ѽ˵˼ѽһвϲϹţСװŵȴǣҲӦĴ׽Ҷӣׁ׾ݣҶҲһʱǵ롣 
ҲûǺӱʫһҶֽӱʫ§СףеŮľڵҲתң˵ΪҪҡ 
ҶͺӱʫҪ춴ϣ˵۲Ҫ 
춴Ͼָʾȸе˫ֱַ鷿ѹŵõãָֻչָ֮еԼĴֿڲòͣźŪˬһ˫Ʋһգֽͬʱÿߵ鷿ţҲûзԣЧϹ󡱴ǵֱŪ˫飬зֱֱߵҶֱߵǺӱʫ 
þ˫ͬʱϵĿҲͬʱʧȥ֮ǳڿҲ´ȣĴɣһֽխʪľָС׷ϣ͵͵һӱʫϣ۵ǣ಻ͣкٿϵҶĶȹպøСѨҶͣڶһ֪ҶŬСѨŪĴ 
ҶͺӱʫġйĿֱϮؿڣӱʫӱʫĶȹڣԲΣָԽڿֱ־ŪӱʫһڱСѨ͵ָϣʳָһ׵زӱʫСѨӱʫֻᡰһʳָ𤻬СѨĻõӱʫĹָҲӱʫСѨӱʫˮѵСѨˮŵҲתҡ 
ӱʫٷ^ͷָҶҶСѨĴˮйͨѹֲ¸߿̲סͦƨϳ壬ҶСȴв 
ҡƨɣҶҲɧ˵𶯡šҶ㡭ѽŶŶǻᣬ\ҰĿƨͣزҶ 
ҶûϵͻȻȫ޷R£ֻһһµĳ嶥̣ڷ´ÿһ¶ֱӹҶˮ䣬ֵͽͳҶѾ˲ɼӣ[ҡκߺ߽ţšÿζšš㡭㡭áŶá 
ҶҲ֪йˮ֧ȫȻ͵ԣҲСѨ§ҶǵĴϡҶغ״ͷԺӱʫҲûзɣָٶȼӽԺӱʫĳ塣 
úӱʫָСѨٿĴϣȻһ˫ȹڽڿѵеػ𤻬СѨﱻ赽ܼʵİӱʫüͷ壬գҧ´ѩŪĵʶԼͦΣźӱʫӦļͷԲͦѩλǰŤҡڵٶӦӿ죬Ťͣɸӭϣѩηڡ䣬ӱʫӽߺӣϸպϣ㷢Ʈɢ 
ӱʫڵ¼С룺Һȡ㲻ĽȹĿť⿪öȹ 
Ҳ˵㶯ֽӱʫѸ⣬ֵļ˳Ź⻬ֱۻ䣬ͦԲ˫ϵ׺ʺε٣Բͦҡ˴ѣʱԵҶҲѵһ˿ңǰСѨ͵ľϣҲ˼һڱ㽫СѨ׾ݣɵͷڳͨСѨ 
ͬʱν޷񣬻ǴСѨסϵõůˮԴԴ͵ľ˫ֿͬʱߣҶͺӱʫ͵иͣ 
ҶͺӱʫСѨһһηйˮҶȰĵڴϣӱʫԼŤѩôСѨӹʴǵֱԲˣ˫ִӱʫ佫źӱʫʪխСѨͷϵμѹ赣ѹŽ۵ĻоĿзɿ߱ȫӱʫʧϹЩСѨǲˮ 
ĴںӱʫѨгûһֱƳţӱʫˮ̰һֱϣѴÿζӹϳ̣ܺӱʫůСѨ 
ӱʫó屻ˣѩοڶӭĳ壬޳ʵȽϲͣĥвٲһ㡣 
ӱʫһȵؽšš޹ǡ˻ĽԽľΡ鴤СѨڵճĤزƴƻȵУ廬ˮӱʫѣķļͷϣܵʸϣߵͦӭĳ̡ 
ӱʫѶĴΣйûˬߣ˵Ϲšȫҡš 
СѨе鲻Խ䶯ս׵ʴǣسãһеͳ飬ֻ۵ڵУϵĥѹͷڸСǿ˱飬Ƭ֮䣬ҺѽסĿУҳΣѾҺһβʣȫͽȥӱʫӹ󣬲ŰγӱʫŻشϣӱʫһְŵСӣŪʣľҺѹӱʫҲʣҵľҺȫ⣬ʱȻ޿ƤҵĹͷţǬ 
ºϸĵطҶͺӱʫԡ࣬Ҷͺӱʫֺֻڿ߳ԡңǱ¶̨ۿڵľɫֿ֪Ҫʻۿڣó̿Ҫϣӱʫ˵Ϲ 
ȡգźҶͺӱʫѵó߳¶̨գģض㣬ǰڳ̬춿ֽ˿ֻʮźҶͺӱʫҲ߻طڣΪǴ· 
ۿʱ¶̨Ҿ黰鵽Ũʱ§ҶͺӱʫǣҲ˫鰮ó̳˻һʿɹ۵Ľ⣬ڸ鷽ҲĪԾ




36ŵ 

˾պȻͷһС粨 
ڸڼںڵҹʱһǼľƵ궥˽˷ڣһɫ˿˯۵ŮһڴϣŮǷʱշת಻˯ 
ʱľƵ徭ӪģΪס֮ãΪλһڷڣ˾պȻںη𰸾Ƿһ 
¼Ҫɸǰһ˵˾պȻҪİְȥǢ̸⣬ϾԷһЩͬѧ֣׼شѧᣬ·һҹܻʱͻȻ⵽ҹܻһˣ˾պȻҲУԵĳİְ⻹һ̬˵Ůӿ˾պȻϣȻ֪˾պȻǻᵽЩطǢ̸⣬ĵһŮҲǣµ˾պȻڵ绰һ٣ûи͵Ļᣬ绰߻شѧᣬԽԽ֮±ʰһŭ֮·ؼ硣 
񷵻ؼ󣬷ŮͻȻϵıҲ£׷ֻϸĵ⣬ҲżڱھƵﵱʱһѧϰƵֿĥʱ䣬ŮоϵļӚҲԷġ 
侲ԼǷ̫󣬾һ˼õһ˾պȻû֪ͨᵽҹܻǢ̸⣬ԷֻҪ˾պȻǸԭԼ˼˾պȻҲŮԲûµ˾պȻһһĹȥڿ콫ᣬ˾պȻȻûѵ˾պȻҲ°£Щ鷳˯ԭ 
´ߵ¹ȡһT һţп߻شϣ§T ͹ţп˵СҪҲҪ˵ʵȷʵ˾պȻʮŽֲҹ֪ 
§T ͹ţпһε˾պȻʱģһֱΪЩ·˾պȻһ§T ͹ţпһȥḧԼ˾պȻİֿʼһһŪ쵽СѨϸڿ㸧طСѨʼУˮûһմʪڿ㡣 
ҲʼͶ룬Сţͣǣ㽫ϵ˯ۺ¿Ҳѵ縡ͻĽֻT ͹ţп㴺ʱʱ֣ѰԼϣżָһ죬ھ 
ʱѽҾ磬ֻ˽ĿͷӡڻѨָҲʼӿٶȣ죬ˮһһ˱ֲָ鷿ֿ࣬ȻʼɢͷӲͦ 
𺳷ÿһϸʼԺ˵СҪͣ˫ȾָֿԸ룬ͬʱҲԼӿСѨھ 
ǧָֻˮ磻ŷһ飬ϸһһɹˮйһ߳󷮱̱֫ڴϣ鷿źϢ󣬷ǹţпḧһΣߵ˵С˼Һ§š§·˯ 
˵ڶ죬±ھƵѧϰйصװƷھƵ굱ֵþڼ䣬ʱе˿һһȻֱ°࣬˵ݷض㣬ſҪʱͻȻ˽һ裬һӱڣһ˾˾պȻ 
ŹϺ˾պȻ򷮱˵ˣԲϵҵú࣬ԺȥǢ̸ҲһȥЩŮӣ 
ҲſΪֻӲž˵º޹أ 
˾պȻ˵ҽͰɣ 
˵гҵǸΪôҪң 
˾պȻشʱݵ˶¥ű߽һϷ򸾣֮ݼ˾պȻڷǰ˵Ѿ˺ܶʱҵ͸һͻᣡ 
Ϸŷ񣬷һʱ˾պȻŪηǳʱͣ¥˵㲻طϢ˾պȻݡ 
߳ݺ˾պȻһŷһ˵Сҽ;ͺˣҷ˵һС 
˵Ҫſң˫ȴ˾պȻߣ˾պȻûô 
˾պȻסһ㣬ԣǺܿ㵽˷䣬˾պȻŷε§ţ˵С⼸㲻֪ȥֲϽҵ绰Һܹ㣿ҼҵҾסƵ꣬ÿ춼ڴõ֣춽ҵ㣬Ҳ뿪ҡ 
˵˵𣿡 
˾պȻ˵к˵˵֪ʼ 
ƿ˾պȻ˵Ҹ˵㲻ҪɧңȻӭסƵꡣ˵תſ׼ȥ˾պȻǻ÷뿪ŷ䣬춹춼һʱȾͳ˷Ʒ˾պȻֱһʱĻű㷢ſȥ˾պȻֻüŷƷ˵Ʒָ˾պȻ¶ѩ׵ļ 
˾պȻҲ£ƷƷ촦¶ļ뵽һ淨£˾պȻһݽƷ˺״Уѽſҡߡ˾պȻûǿнƷ¡ 
ܵеס˾պȻܿ¡ȹ֡㡢ڿһһ˺ƣ㿴Լϵ·˾պȻ£ɢڵϣʱľñӸһ˿ҵ˾պȻûйһжĴǰ˵С񣡶Բ㲻Ҫ£Ҳٶֻҽ;͹ˣ 
˾պȻ򷮱Դӽĵ绰󣬼ĵ绰Ӳϣ㵽ǲ񣬵Ʒܻ˼磬Ա̣ǵִ˺ܶùҲҲеСùݣ˼Ƴ̳ʱ˾;ʱһƵòһСùݣֱһǼľƵ꣬˾պȻΪҴطƵְԱƵ궫Ϻ󣬲ס䡰Сùݡ˾պȻΪٸܼÿҲڴõȺֱŵü㾲ʱȥ 
˾պȻԶ˵ʱͻȻ˴ţ˵ԲıԱղͶ˵˽оǿɷڿô£ 
˾պȻղŷڷʱڷֳڷڣټر˺Ƶ·򷮱˵ԲǱɣһеһк㾲ϡ 
Ƿñӹ壬һСŷͷ˵ҺһЩûô·ǸղſʱĿһᡣıԱϳټϷĽͣ¼׽ 
ߵ˾պȻǰ˵ڿ˵߰ɣ 
˾պȻ÷ΧҲһ˵һһ£Ӧڵִ´ȡһСУ򿪺һŽӣ˵޸ңҰ㣡 
˾պȻͻ޴룬ϵıͬʱ£չ¶縡ͻĽҪĲλߵͬͷ塣 
˾պȻҲ˵޸ңûзӦ׽Ͻӡ 
ʱ˵ǿ˼ҴӦûΪҵʧ 
˾պȻ½ӣ㽫һ뻳˵ԭңҪҲᾡȥ 
˵ƭˣ˼ʱֲ֪ﱧһŮ 
˾պȻ˵ҿԱ֤ԺҲٷЩ£ΪҪҵΪҵְҵҿԲȥҹܻЩط 
˵ƭˣ˼Ҽû㣬ûȥŮ 
˾պȻŵϣ§ͷ˾պȻ˵Ȼûÿ춼Щȥ 
񿴿ϲٴ·˵ղңʱᣬǸҡ㲻´Ρ 
˾պȻǸסϵͷ˵㣿ǰ 
ƿ˾պȻ˫ȥڸҪλһ˫ܽõĽǣ걾鷿һ鹵СѨϵë˸룬ߵ˵ǿң 
˾պȻڷӣһº˵ڻǿ𣿡 
˵Լҡ 
˾պȻ˵Լ㣿˫ǿ׳ǹ 
ͨ˵һ˫ֽ˼Ūûʧȥʱ˾պȻָ鷿ϣڴ֮һ˫ŴΣ˵˼ңٳ˼Ҳʱ򣬽һЩҺιҳԣ֮Ǳȫځѣ㻹ǵطŪʪʱĲȥ 
˾պȻ㿪ʼǷĲ˫ִŷӣ촽˫ָǰһԷ飬屻޾Ŀɣ̱˾պȻĻ 
ȵĽǣ̰˱˾պȻеͷͷСÿһطϸ˱Ȼͷϵһ𡣶˻ŶԷҺڴڵ˱ţ·Ǹʥˮ˾պȻ˵ǲԼ㣿Ҳش㿪ʼȥ˾պȻϵ 
鷿˾պȻţܾõĿץϯŷȫзŶššŶš˾պȻ콫˵СͷУʱʱص˱́׾塣 
˵ɢ޾Ļ˫֮Ůصǵأ︲ϸϸëջȥ̽˾պȻֿ˫ȣǵصչǰˣƬСɺ΢΢Щ϶ϢŮСѨ۵ŮѨȫ¶˾պȻǰ˫֮䣬ɵͷŪ١СѨڣʱͷСѨһĳ鶯 
˾պȻᣬܿӦˣ˵ĻӦţ졭СŪġԾͦ壬ӭ˾պȻŪڷɬУһɼ˾պȻͷŪֱ_ȫŶﵽһθ߳ԼڷɣƲУƯ˾պȻڵ˱ŷ߳йˮ 
˾պȻСѨˮй춳ֵ󻬣˳㽫СѨŷʪĽ˾պȻ춳壬ҡ֫ôڷֵĦ 
˾պȻʼĳ鶯ֵǰϷʹ÷ʹﵽ˷ܵ״̬˾պȻ˫Űһһĸ߷壬ÿһÿһ壬ܴ޵ĿС 
СѨ϶ӭ߷ĳ壬ŵ˽ŶŶ̫ˡ 
˾պȻһͦ߸ŷСѨһ˫Ū鷿ʱĸͷĽǣǵķҺ˳СѨиˮĽϣȸˮЩʪ͸ˡ 
˾պȻγմˮĴҪڴԲδӺ룬ԣǷ˫ֳڴϣ˫ȹʹţӲӲĴ񲻽˷ڴĿУ˾պȻżֻǲͣŪǰ飬ԼԲΡ 
żŤ֫СѨȥ׷Ѱ˾պȻĴ˾պȻǰ֫Ŵ߸ŵŤ׷˵ߣӾޣ˾պȻ㽫ȫ뷮ʪСѨֱӹ 
ߵĲ룬񷢳ļУ֮ľſǻ˽ءҪŶŶŰҪˡСϹͰŶ 
˾պȻ˵˫ַסСײŷΡžžžžž졣 
˽нйͣԼҲ˶ٴθ߳˾պȻͻȻһսֱ_ˬĿ֮ȫǰĴ뷮棬һſڴϣ˾պȻصѹϣٳ弸ʮ£ŴĶŽŨŨľҺȫȫעӹͬʱҲõһθ߳ 
ʱİֻ廹ĦţС屻˾պȻѹŲ⸧Ū˾պȻһļһ飬һ⻬񱳺磬˷º󰮸ƤСȣס˾պȻĽ䣬ͷǳǡ 
˾պȻµγ󣬲Ž§ŷ˵壬ĦļĽǣ˾պȻѵˮƵĶͷ۾ӡͷСӤƵĶ˾պȻĻ˾պȻĶϸ˵СԼ㣬𣿡 
ߵö㵽Ļ˵Լ˼ң˵ 
˾պȻ˵ˣҵδޣԼ顣 
⻰һ˫ۻ˾պȻĲ˵ϲ˵Լ顣 
˾պȻ۲˵Ķˡ˾պȻ򷮱ԽԽ۾С΢٣˾պȻ촽һӡһ 
˾պȻҪڷϸҪһ㣬зҲ˾պȻĲӣ෢Ƶָֻʾȥ 
˾պȻסӣһ󼤵ߵ꣬˾պȻ͵͵ؽһһ½УԵýζһͷɣŷᡣ 
񱻰ӵţҲĻϲ٣ϵѣԸһֱ˾պȻȥ˾պȻǿǸޱȵİȫУı۰§ôˣȫ 
֮УþúþãŶ뿪ͷͱǼȻඥţ۶˴Ѿ˶Է⡣ 
ʱ˾պȻͻȻᱧ˵ 
˾պȻĶϸ˵ڴȥռ顣 
˵û룡˾պȻϣԡҡ 
ԡ˾պȻϸĵΪÿһö÷Ϊ˾պȻŪڷ֡С׺鹵ϵõչ˱ٴ¾˾պȻں谭£ڷ£ٴײ뷮СѨ˾պȻɹռ顱 
˾պȻסϸ@οʼʪСѨͷԲ˫ۣ˾պȻĶȫǰҡš˾պȻĴСѨԽԽеˡ 
˾պȻŷС״޷͵΢Цһ鷿ǰҵķţȥס鷿бţ޵ͷԲԲվڽ׵鷿ϣͷסһţ͸۵Ľи֦ͣͦ˾պȻţһʱԡұ㲻ͣ𷮱СϹûҪһѹҺ⡭簡ҵϹŶššȡѽҺСһȥΡһ᲻áСҡҡ⡭⡭Ҫˡˡšš 
էЪ߳ˣСѨεֱ˾պȻ̧ͷ³һڳй˾Һֵ÷ӹֱŨԴԴӹ̵ĸ÷еɵİ⣬棬ͬʱű˴˵ů 
ߵĽͮͮķ˾պȻϣһճϢеһ˿˿ů⣬̧ͷһʱ˾պȻҲĿߵñܿĿ⣬˾պȻ§ø˵С֪ԴӰְֺߺ⼸ҳҲ㡣 
˺ʱ뽫ƿ˾պȻǸ˾պȻεĽţ˾պȻ˵С˵ȥɣҵ˼ӦЩϳұЩһ 
˺죬˵Сֻƭ˼ңֻ뽫ѵóȻځѡ 
˾պȻϵ˵СҿԱ֤˵ʵϣպҲԺ㹲ͬɹÿһӡ 
˵С˼ҲƭȥҪպҲҪúöҡ 
˾պȻ°촽ϷӣϣΪſ˫˱ͷͻȻһ˾պȻ˵Ҫ˼һܲˣָһΣȳȥɣҪ_˾պȻ߳ԡң÷ԛ_ 
߳ԡʱһԡۣ˾պȻȥ_߳ԡʱǴǼԡ۲𣬷·˺ѲٴȡһT ϣ˾պȻ˵һȥ裬Һ¡ 
˵Ҵ迴ˡ 
˾պȻͷһǱ͵͵ȥ㣬ߵ£֪ش˾պȻܸ棬˾պȻѷӦҲĿڴŷһ˿˿ϸһ˾պȻôҲֻͨһʱҡͷһʱͷǱ߻ȿ˵ȻСҲӦ飬Ҳֹ֪ȱ㣬ɫäС軹˵˺ܶȱ㣬˾պȻĿˣκȱҲҪֻǲסĵͷ 
ϸԼȱ㣬˵裡˵ңҺܿûҪ 
˵ֲǰʱҼ鲻ãԭַСƢ߻ЩȱҪģ㽫˼ҵϱҪس֪𣿡Ҳֻõͷǡ 
˾պȻҲ򷮱˵ĸĸ˵һ̸Ժϸڣ󣬷Ҫ˾պȻͣ˾պȻͲǶܾĺ⣬׼˾պȻطʱ뿪׼ݼ˾պȻĴ˾պȻͷõһʱ⣬ƻг̡ 
ڶһ磬ȥ˾պȻ˾պȻʱϴֻһڿ㣬˾պȻ˵糿ţôһºȥ㡣˯ú𣿡 
˵Ȼ˯òã 
˾պȻ˵Ϊô 
˵˼§ңֲߡ͵͵˳ȥŮ죬˯úá 
˾պȻ§ŷķһף˵ҷûĴߣһֱڷʱʱ̵̿㡣 
Ҳ§˾պȻ󣬺Ȼһ˵С뻵ָһָ˾պȻĴڿ㶥С 
˾պȻ˵ǳӦ뻵 
˵һԱ֪Ǽ١ 
˾պȻ˵ԣûлشǰڿ㣬ôͷųֱ㿪ʼΪ˾պȻŪһᣬſСȥĴ˾պȻ𷮱˵СŪvС׺·Ҹȥϴּ䡣 
ϸı˵С㲻𣿡 
˾պȻ˵ҼÿΪÿʱҲࣻҹһֻƽġ 
˵ְ𣿡 
˾պȻӵ˵ãȫľעڡ 
һƣֵв˾պȻܣֻǻ˵Сܻ˾պȻӣʱ񻹲ǹԹԵƷ 
˾պȻͷһ󣬲Ų俪ʼọ́軹棬ɷΣ˾պȻ߱ʤ۔ƷɫʳƷǼݳڵҹ 
˾պȻͷƫƧСƽ̨Ͽһ̸ģȻ˾պȻ򷮱˵һԺ˵ôֻһʱҡͷһʱͷ 
һϸ˵ǲ˺ӣұҡͷǲ޸㣬ԣұͷʾ⡣ 
˾պȻڷķһף˵лϼ޸ҡ 
˾պȻŷ۾ɿɰѿһŽ׵ݣССͦͦıӣ촽°ͣ˾պȻϷӣ񻹰ͷ˫ֹĲӣǵø 
˾պȻһŷСףһ˫ֻȻظλΧھֻСèϣ˫־ʹȥ 
ռȻůһҹ»촩һıģһţп㣬һף˾պȻ˫ָеµıĵֻһ֣û󵨵ؽ˫ĸļϣۣ֮˾պȻһҲûӦ˫ּ죬鷿ϣȥ棬һ˫ϣ֣ҲֻƣԸȥһ˫顣 
˾պȻԷ֣һ쵽鷿һֻţпϣţпȥĴڲ࣬ͻȻźߣһС׸ؽţ˫ֻȥỬͷͽ˾պȻľ˵ͷһ𣬻ཻҺ 
˾պȻ˫Ҳæһֽ⿪ţпϵĿӣͻȻƿ˾պȻ˾պȻ˫ֶٶգ۾˵СϷң 
˾պȻ˵Ҫ㣡 
ƿ˾պȻ߿·˵СϷұ㿴㱾죬ɲҡ˵İСȥ 
˾պȻʼں׷˵ССĵܿѷӺ§ţ˵ߵ 
ʱٷֻйԹԵĸ˾պȻ׽ţֻ˵С㲻ҪϷҡ 
˾պȻ˵ҲϷ㣬ֻ㡣þ׷ŷֻɽǣ˾պȻһ׽ŷһ˫֣һֲٵزȥּղûᣬû˾պȻŪһ˫飬ָڷͷŪŤβĥ˾պȻĿϡ 
˾պȻһֽ⿪ţпϵĿӺ¿ţпڿֱ¶ѩ׵βʱ뿹ҲܣΪ˫ָ˾պȻţСָţ˾պȻƴСѨʱֻܡšһĽгһҪ׾ݶУָ̬˾պȻ֣ΪʱСѨʪ͸ӿˮ 
˾պȻСѨϵˮ㽫ſĺ棬˾պȻʼѩ׵βǣһֵĽǵСѨʱָСѨ˵vҪ򣡡 
˾պȻ˵ϲ񣬿ҿҲʱԸС 
ɬ˵ţҲѽЦ˼ҡ˾պȻƿС֣һڱڷСѨϣͷСѨŪš˾պȻ̲ס˫˷ɲξ𷽱жͷˮİ˳СѨ﹥ȥŪýѣɵ˫ֶһȵˮ 
˾պȻҲ³㣬ֱͦĴŷСѨسСѨȥ񷢳Ľ˾պȻĴ̡͡СѨţһžž壬һֻнСѨˮġ̡Ū÷ʱԹӭһһεĸ߳˾պȻеһ˷ܵĸоӿȫʮ£ͽľҺȫע뷮ӹһεõ߳ 
º˾պȻڵ½§ڻ˾պȻ˵С֪ҽرġ 
˵СǲΪЩطϷҾرģ 
˾պȻ˵Ȼǣҿ绨δҡ 
Ķϸ˵СÿҲ˼ŪһҲѽҪԺҲҪҲҪúҡ 
˾պȻ׷С˵ۿ𣿡 
˵۶ЩҪ㹴˾պȻĲӣӣ̱Ӻѷѽľ 
º˾պȻֿʱҲ磬˵С߻ȥɣǻҪ˷ɻǱ㷵ؾƵꡣ 
־Ƶ˾պȻŷ˵Сٶһᡣ 
˾պȻطڷ黰࣬ͻȻ绰𣬷һ֪ĵ绰һ϶ʱһ죬ֱߺķǺģԵرˡ 
˾պȻ׷ʷ˵ôʱҲ˵׷ʺߵ͸¶͵˾պȻķ׼˾պȻҹҪСĲҪŪ˶ӲŽ顣 
˾պȻ֪§ŷ˵Сҽ§㣬ùߡ 
ߵ˵С㲻Ҫֻ§˯˵ߵԡңת˵㲻Ҫ͵ҡŹšֹ˲ãԡķ˵Сɲҡ 
˾պȻԡңһ۱ֻֻһװɫ¿㣬춸ղڴֹ߲㣬ڲſԿϰ뱭ʽ֣ССĶֿθˣò˼˵㿴ôҽ⿪ӣҪ뻵ָͦһָǰĿ˵ҽ˺ܾҲⲻ 
˾պȻһᣬ㷢ֿӿ۴λãʩ㽫ֵǰ۽⿪һ˫Ҫ¶춿֮ʣһֱϣ˵л㣡תͬ˾պȻ 
˾պȻҲ̲ס󽫷ӵţ˵СףʱҲзֱ£Ҳ˾պȻځѣ÷еСѨˮֿʼӿֱ˾պȻڿҲº˾պȻ˵ţһ_𣿡 
˵ɵϹɣҪᣡ 
˾պȻҲѵóͷһ_˻Էϴ˾պȻĴŪӲֱĸ˾պȻŪûɧʱԲķ˵Сδϴ˾պȻĴڹɹϡ 
˾պȻľţ˵￪ʼ𣿡 
ߵ˵ΣԼţһҪŪ 
˾պȻõټԡʪĴؽľſٻĽȫֱڣӦ˸оǰҡҪ˾պȻĴ嶯˾պȻҲʼڽխֱڲ嶯ٶҲѴεļ٣Ū÷Ҳʼ߳ıأ˾պȻ˫ֵŪһ˫飬СѨѨ飬СѨˮø࣬ʹҪ˾պȻĴο壬㽫˾պȻƿţ˾պȻ§ŻȵĽϣָ˾պȻĴСѨȥ˵СŪáҲʪ͸㡭׵ϳȵǡ 
˾պȻõĹ㽫˱㿪ʼһֵġϴ񣬴ʪСѨ磬ÿһ¾ֱַӹڣǿĳ߳СҲ̲סĿУſ˾պȻľ˾պȻҲΪǰļ˷һʱԡֻžž̡͡šˡ 
ȫʱůʣ޷ݵУһԭʼͿο̵˵Ĵθ߳ʱ§˾պȻһˬȥ˾պȻҲͣÿһ۵ļҲֵаɵİſʱ㿴˾պȻԹĵҲΪ飬˵ôǲǿӣϲ 
˾պȻһḧһ˵ֻһ崾δޣŬҵ󡣡 
ʱеСѨһСѨ˵СᣬãֵҰ࣬㲻׼Ժ˾պȻηĴá͹ǰԡСֱ㿪ʼŪɫ㽫ŵ鹵ϣһ˫ŪԽ鹵ʱȥĹͷ˾պȻȻ͸ȻҲ׳ 
Ҳ˵ôſںס˾պȻĴ˾պȻ̾һһʪĵطʱˬ͸Сʹ˱˾պȻĴҲȻĽϮǰһ˫鷿˵ҿɲ㣿 
Ͷ϶˵ʱ򡭡˵ɲԡϲͿԡͷɣԵá˾պȻȻҲ˫ֺĿС 
˹ӣ˾պȻей⣬סһ˫鷿˵ҪˡҪˡ䡭ֿڼϰߣ˾պȻһƺߣҺʹסϣŇ¶УͷΪͷĲһ󣬲³һס˵СϹ𣿡 
˾պȻһѱ𷮱˵Ū̫ԺÿҲҪҡ 
˵ֻҪרһҲϲҡ˾պȻҲСôӣ 
һ˾պȻ˵ΪôѡòҰ޵ˣ 
һ˵ϲҰޡϲô 
˾պȻ˵ϲ崾ò˵СףÿҲҵ󡣡˵ò˼㵽Ļ 
˾պȻΪҲˬ͸ҲڱĻǵСףҲʼǱ鷮ȫĻõɵչ˸ÿһļҲǱ飬ʹСѨˮӿСѨ͵˾պȻǰҪŪ˾պȻõҪϸȥŪСѨ;ţʹεӭһһεĸ߳ 
º˾պȻķ񱧵ϣ§˾պȻ˯ڰɵĻ 
˵ڶ죬ǲʰװȥǵҪСģҪŪ˶ӲŽ飩Ϸɻ




37 

ڹҪԵĻƽ𼾽ڣʱҲŬȥӭӿԣһ˾رŬ˾ǾΥ룬Ժи 
Ϻ󣬿ҪҵľΪǰ;ģӦĴѧҵȴɣΪһ˽ĹȴΣ˽Ҳö˵ǵġر˽ 
ݹûмڣûԱϰʱ䣬нź񣻹Χչŵй˵ҲǶһ㣬ȷ˵ǣɴѧγ̱¼޸ȻʱУʵҲΪµĴߣǰһæ춿һæ춳ﱸҲˡ 
ԭֻ򵥵ؾл񣬵дӵ֪Ҫ飬ֿޣͬʱַţҶӱʫҲʮֱ@ͷɫģΪһ̴㽫¡أ԰ĳ֮ЧʱҲܣپ˼󣬷ڻĿ֧ϿԴ󸱼٣Ƶ˵ĻԻ˾õԱһڴӦ 
ڳﱸڼ䣬ԿԺͻµ˫ѹʮֲѣöݣжκСҲִҲĿҲ밲ټŵԵЭ£ÿҲ 
ڿϺѰᵽļŵȥμѧϰӪȥԺݣڽ鵱ѵ״̬ʾˣȻ㵽˾ϵϸڣ뵽˾ʱǴƽĹ˾¥ϴﻹ͸ĵƹ⣬¥ѾϡҵӣƹҲֻʣһյ඼Ϩˣ谵ġڼ²һ˱㽫 
⼸춼æ춳Ӻ˾ϣȫΪڻǰе°װĵĽ飬͵͵ĵİ칫׼һϲ׼˱㵱Ӱ࣬һӰ㵽źһʱźһˣǿ˫۽εıţ뻹ûӦСױϣһϤĸоӿϣԹ˱˫Χ˵Ĳӣǵѷѽͷ㼴һ˫Ŀ˿ 
һֿȵĳǺ˲ŽС׷ſ˵˼Ҹ㣬㷴ңΪɫħ 
˲˵Ҳµ˵˭͵͵ұССľϲ 
˵ңԼ԰ɣҪߡǿߣߵ칫ư͵ĸߡ 
һȥλߣ˵ɣҲˣһ԰ɣһ˵һߴ򿪱㵱һһ͵ľ˵´˼ңҲԭ㡣Ǿݱ㵱 
İ칫ρļ˵㻹ôļҪҿ԰һЩ𣿡 
˵òЩĹеԲЭϵļ׵ 
˵˽𣿡 
˵⣬δԶ¼ãе㲻Ϲ˾ĳʽ 
˵԰ɣߵ칫һ¡ 
Ҳ˵С㣡ҶѧͱҲ⣬㣬Ϊôѡݹ 
˵Ȼ˾Ǹ𲽵Ľ׶ΣⷽҲ٣Ϊ˾гϻмǱӦÿٽҵ䣬Ҳѡݹ 
˵˵˾гϻмǱʶⷽж٣ 
˵װⷽҾʶޣһŬȥѧϰȥƹҵͬʱҿԱ޶ķɷ֪ʶȥЭ˾ȡ󡣡 
˵Ȼ޶Ϊôѡҹ˾ȥȡһִҵʦʸ񣿡 
˵ȫΪĩϹҲһ⵽˾ 
ҲΪ֮ݣߵ˫ᰴ磬ʱť۽⿪ţڳţֱӿ汻ɫְŵһ˫۵鷿Ҫǰ㣬˵ĩţҲΪ㡣 
˵ĩϹ˼ԲҪҡ 
û뿪磬չϸųһ˫鷿Ķһһ˵ɧ㣬 
뱻Ūûɧɬؽһ˵㲻Ҫ˼ңֻñҾ졣 
ظϲͣţһǱķ۾뱻ŪûɧͷԴ˵ҡ 
һСţһ߰ť۽⿪Ȼ˫֣һ˫ȫУ᲻صİ 
е˫һ鷿ϣҵţָɨףأ˫ָǿͷһĴ̼벻òˬû£̣һ˿УʮָĴ࣬һԵĿ͵ɢȫСѨˮǾ̰ǹ͵ĿУʹòƴ˫ȣᳶͷʱ޷̵ᶯһ벻Ծذͷļϵ˵Ҫ 
Ҳʩչ»ɽ֮צ죬˵ôѿ§ߵ칫ŹĴǰʼѡ 
״Ӻӵ˵㲻ȥҾ죡 
˵ɵϣҾôѵҪ˵Ϲɧ˼˵Ժļƻʱ͵Ҳ˵ȥ 
˵Ҳнļƻ˵ɣҲ֪Ĵ˭˵ȴûзſ룬øеĴϡ 
˵㲻˵ļƻ𣿡 
˵ҽĴС㽫ѿϵťٽ⿪ 
ᰴ˫˵ʹթҪдҲӦѯҵͬ⣬ͬʱǻδʽ顣 
˵ʱ͵ʵϰ 
˵㲻Ҫֻδ򡭡δ˵СѸþ׷ϣֻáؿ鲻ͣ״˱£Ҳͷȹľĺ 
Ҳĳť۾⿪ڴʱ칫ϵĵ绰Ȳ½ſ֪ŵµƽµ绰ʱ˵Ҳʵϰ 
һ˵ҴȥĻҲش𣬱֧²Ĺָһָһȫ¡⡱Pajero˵ôر𣿡 
˵⻨Ҳʱȥװ 
˵ΪôҪװ 
˵һڽʱ˿ر𻨳ֿΪ˾ߡ 
˵ҶЩ֪࣬װôҲһ֪ϸĽܳװĵطô 
Pajeroλϣθպ㿴ļϥȹֳֺֿۣȥΣ˵㻹ǵõһؼҵ𣿡 
˵㻹˵ܹݣʱ˼һѧ㽫ұŮѣŪһʦʱ¸˷֣ڻҪš 
һ˵ֻҪ֪Ұ㹻ֹСϡ 
ǵϢңֻţرηϣѹҡ֦һ˫鷿ĥǰеԵУʵ̫ˣĴڿ㵵ֱͦ鷿ĥģһܵ´ѹȣͨ졣 
§˫̵ֻҡŷҪѣһֱĥĴԵǷӲߵϸˣĥĸоСѨе㳱ʪĽƿԣֻܲϵֹ˵ҪҪ 
ֽ§ϣǰ棬ڳǰǵ棬һֽǰʽֽ⿪һ۰׵鷿ͱ¶ڿУһ鷿ҵţͣĶͷǳɫͷͱŪͦ𷢺죬һ˫ƾԵ鷿ִꡣ 
ֽļϥȹƵϣָֿĿԵʱҲỬˮѾʪ͸˶ֿ㣬ֱָϮָͷӴʪסָĥţĥ˵ĿУﲻǺǵˮˮðָͷʪˣءšޣ˳ 
Ҫͷ֮䣬ֹ˵Ҫ˵ϥȹ£˫סֿ࣬׷ΰѶֿ£һԣſڳǰΣβͶ¶˳ 
Ͻͷһ࣬ˣȫϵ죬£ʱͷˮϣֱʱͷſᴥǶȻͷŲľţӹˮøףͷβͦһθ߳ˡ 
Ҳͳ۰״ȷֿˣͷסСѨڣǳʪױ㱻룬ͦ˳ֱӹڡһ߲ţһĶ䣬ֱշ죬ǿ﷢źš 
ʹس֮壬ԽԽͣİڶβͷɰβСѨнһɹɵˮĴ 
ʱʼĳҲ£ȫ㣬һ˫ڳϣ˴Ҹ½һ˫Ūţһֽ˷תڳϣһ˫齴ųĶţȥ˱ͷ̲סҪŪ 
޳̧ȻһһسСѨ뱻ø߳СѨˮ磬̡̡ȫŤ㷢ȫɢڳϣźšţŲ̫ҪŪ 
˵㲻ҪŪҪŪҪҲˡҧ촽˵һСҿ쵽ˡٳġʮºԶĲŷŤָͦ߳ˡ 
뵽˸߳ԵϢԲСѨҪ˫Χӣͷ£Сͷ㼴һַβ˱Ҳ§ţ˵һ 
֪δ£˵ƻδ¡ 
˵Լ𣿡 
ߵĵͷٿʼĩ£ĳʱ춸߳󲻾ãСѨڻʮУġšޡ˳ͣͣ±ŪĴõĹ㿪ʼٶȼӿ졣 
˫Ŀ˿ֻǲͣΣȴسǰζӭգ壬߱˹һطÿһµ̶ֱӹø߳һνһΡ 
һҪ侫ļ˵Ҫˣ 
ʱҲ߳Ҳ֣ߵͨ˵ҡӹȥ 
Žһĳڣںλϣ·塣ͷͣ۵СѨڣҲŹ鷿ͣţһθ߳ٳºҲ˶壬С״һӴˮɢ磬ٶȵ˸߳СѨڴҲӲͦסҲҺӹ 
˫˫ӵסͣشһϢ˵ 
˵˼ҳ𣿡 
˵ǶҺŵеİģί¼޸ҡ 
ʱ˫һ죬˵ҲҵĹȥδ˵˳ 
§밲һᣬΪЦ˵ǹȥ£׼ҵĺš 
뽫СѨʱֽ˵ϲңŰߡͷʾ⣬ֱŰߣ뻹λϡ 
Ϊʰɢڵϵߵǰ˵δţ· 
ſ˵Һۣ㱧ȥ칫ٴ 
ǽ뱧칫;ʱ˵һҪ¡㼱߻ذ칫ҡһ칫ңº󣬱㵽Ǵ򿪹ţһ׼¼ӰϵͳөĻ칫ҵҲȡ¼ӰʱҲ¿ߵһөĻҲ֪ղŵļ鳡ȫ¼ӰȥҲȡ¼Ӱ˵¼Ӱұܣȥ㡣 
·󣬱ؼң뽫¼Ӱ¼Ӱ¼ӰөĻϴ޾ͷҲ״өĻԼı֣˷Īʱһֻס˵¼ӰŮԱ^. Ҳش촽ǡ 
˵ֻԡһ˵һֿʼ⿪ťۣһֻȴ쵽һֻС 
ϳ棬ϵĳϥȹֿ֡һһ뿪˵ҲҪ𣿡 
˵Ǻ˽ͨķ 
ȥȡ¼Ӱ˵˵¼ҲӦ飬¼Ӱұܣֱ¼ˮʯΪֹо 
һѽ˵ʼ飿 
ĳͳ˵ȻǴӷ^￪ʼȼ^סѹͷס״ӣԼУֿʩһ۶һḧʱ³ͷһֱȫӲ 
˵֮ 
굽˵Ȼǽа飬ŵвڼңҲϰ࣬Ҹһʱ鰸飬ҿз 
Ĵϣ׼СѨСѨֿɴʱ˵Ҫ顭 
Ĵ̧ʾֱӹڣѹˮ󡱵졣һ߲ţһĶ䣬ֱ˵Ҫ١顭 
ֱܵӹڣ뱻ˮ磬ɧģ֮뵽а飬ŹϺ㴫˵Ľд 
鰸춰}ӣСѨšСס鹵е飬ȫЭԵֱϣʱСѨĴţĵʮ棬 
ѹ룬ѩ׵ĲӺͶ䣬˵Եн𣿡 
˵յķ^ݣҲöȷзŮְԱ 
˵ֻһּͨķҲ񡣡˵һͦ 
롰һг˵ҲöߣҪĽſɿǡһԻԲ鷿ĥ䡣 
˵ҪʼߡͦݾسֱɵˮҷɣٶȻȻңĽʱݣҲ̲סˣһĳ鴤ůľҺٿؿӹȥֱ丵βʣ 
ͬʱִ߿㣬ѻͣشŴű뵽ԡϴһ 
ԡϣ˻ص˯˫˫ӵϴſǰһؿڣУ˯ȥ 
Ǻ¼ӰѷΪ·չʱ֮ãʾ߶ٴΣҲöһӭߡ




    38· 

еһ죬ǷǵףҶӱʫ˾պȻҲвμĻ 
£һܵϣлǵѡ̵ĹԱһƶӲ๲ˣ㿪ʼⳡҵĻⳡҵ룬ȫľϯҲŻݼۡ 
ͬΪһǣȻŵŵ䲻ģ缺ĸĸΪϲŵʮϲλĸԣڴʱҲڡ 
ͬΪǣÿÿҲǼϣΪĸ٬컪ĻɴȫӵҸֳҶӱʫҲͬİɫصԸеһ֣ҲƶӲĶ׽ÿһɵľͷ 
ŵͳΪŮԻӭڳŮҲգ롢ҶӱʫͷҲŹ˸ӵգŪͨ죬ڳʿwĽҲλŮС 
׻ʱ֪Ҷͺӱʫ⻹Ƿʱ͸պϣӦ˾պȻѸǣ롢ҶͺӱʫҲǰճΪ˾̫̫ߵһͨ죬Ҫ㵽˾պȻ 
ĻֺǱĸװġPajeroͷƺƵĽ鳵Ƶ;ϻ˵ΧۣⳡĿľַ֮Ч 
˻ʱȻһҵ롢ҶӱʫͷϸΣǵļգڻڼг齱죬Ʒͽȫṩ˻ĸ߳Ȼ룬˵ʱ䣬ȻϷеݵҲܡ 
ɢϯʱƵġɡϷŪ˵İ²ܽ· 
⻹ҶͺӱʫҲϲУ˾ƶ˾պȻҲϯϿͣԣ˾պȻͷ½ҶͺӱʫͻؾƵ귿䡣 
˾պȻͷ뿪λν䲻࣬ʿҲôཫѵóŪЩëΪĨΪǸϱʱҲ۵ûǺг̷æټϾƾӰ죬ɳϢڲ֪б˯ˡ 
Ǳߣϴ˸ԡģϳ˹ŵĴԡ֮⣬ôûһߵмĴ󴲡ڴϵ»ɷòˣȻз֮ʵǧһ̵ġҹҲҪգΨпЦ̾˿СĵĿ˯˴󴲣ߣЦŽϸףϸ˵Ƿϲңܿҡ 
ͻȻࡱ§ţ˵ϲһܾãܿ㡣 
̧ͷһҲʱߵĶ㵽˵㲻ΪλѹҪ˼ҷ㡣 
˵թҪ࣬Ժͽ޶ҹſ˫ְѿϲİһӵ뻳쭵ķ޺ӣӣԼǡ 
ͷ˿СףҷĿǻ̰ķ²۵࣬Яȡ˱ĽҺ뼸ҰʪŪϢˡ 
ѾʵԡĵطҪ봭ӵǣԡĽᣬҲ鹵ŪøԣֿĨմ˴ߵĿѣü˵˼Ҳϴ㻹δϴôv 
ְӵţһڷܻӭ㴽ȴ޿ײƵģޱߡͷ۾ȥԡܵԲˣŪûĽѣ˵Ҫȿͣ 
Ķ΢΢ĺ˵ԺҺһԧˮһڷܻӭ㴽ûٷˣ˫˳§ľԼӵţѹŰϷţһְ˽ŵĳԼϵ·춻ظԭʼװ֮ŰѾǵԵſ 
ĿǷһ񾱺ţĶ鹵ϣ˵ţ֪ڻϿϮɴû˿Ա㴩ø̫ˣҳΪ˵ˡ 
˵Ҫ˵̫ˣ 
İƵǰԡĽϣ־ϲ˽УİѽɿƵĴѩ׵ԡ 
Χ׼ĺģضȽҲضãҼʤѩȫ¸۴СҲû㣬һ˫鷿Σͦ΢΢ӣκͷܽСɫ۵ķۺɫƽ̹СҲֺ׸⣬һһַǳԸУ¿ʥСѨЩǳɫϸëµɢ΢׹ķۺСѨϣϵ졣ƬޱȵⴽĻػһ 
Ƕ˵Ľϣ˱һӲͷתӽУʼ˶ʥ 
Ѿȫˣֻеȫ¶һƵģһűһҪȵĳ嶯ͻĴҪѰҳƵģȵĺҵϵȱڣӿ_ȥ˵СѨ 
ŨĻɢӱſȪӿѵµĽԡմʪ˺һƬľ׷飬»ӵĿ䣬̰ʳЩ۽Ⱶָֿ˽۵Ļ꣬ſ˲ϲĽⶴţˮϵĴСӿ 
ͷȡ˴ӲָٴγĽСѨһʽسͨɵͷ޿ײɨǰÿһߡÿһöʽɵѿȴкһһµ򶯡 
ĿţЩ񺣝˰ǿҵĿһ಻ӭͷ£ǹܻ춵ܲסֵĿлǵصĴˮСѨٵ 
߳Ѽеʶֱомȣڲۼ˲ɬЪ֧պøϵü޴ĹͷſյĻ꣬ȽԼǵȴſСѨ 
ĺ촽ҧŵĴСѨﻺת鶯ţ۵СӦŷſӣĿŻһDŮһ¡ 
ŻĽ࣬ڡ͡͡ĦУǳ֮󣬲ʧģͻȻһֱӹڣķһֵݡ 
ȻҲϵı仯ҲѳǿٶҲԽԽˡСѨѾ˻ˮ־ʮӵĥԽİ޳Ȳϣͦβӭɷĳҡ 
ʪխеˬˣԭܵģһĺʹ͵õȴûץס˫˵޳ȣǼܵϣ϶һһεش춸еͷһ飬Ĳ룬СѨͷӹϲϵĥӹϼٵ䶯Ĺͷеˬ˼㣬Ż𣬱СѨĴǲܿصҳ鴤һɳȵĺɴƹضֱȥ 
Ѿʧ״̬ըǰǿҳ˸߳һɹɹ̵׼ȷӹ̵ҲƵģ˵䣬һһµĳ鴤š 
Ĳֹͣ䣬ѹ㺹ϴڴڵĴϢš͸˿ڴϧĸЩʪ͸ͷгҸĸо 
δδɫķ˵ţҰ㣡ղôˣ 
ʱС˵˼ô֪ߵñĿɷǳƵĿ⣬ߴٲ֧˵㿪ʼʱͻȻһһ̣ҧſɰ´˵ȥ 
Сʹһ£СִѾʼյĴϣһĿǸŵĲ˵ողˡ 
ѹϣ˵Ϊҵʵڴˣҵӵ 
봭Ϣ˵һ㡭һ㡭˫ƾİԼȴѾԶɷǡ 
һСѨһαĴˡ 
˼£㱧˸ȦתȥһӱŮʿʶŷ˶ΣĲ嶯 
棬ݴ͵ƷǽխСѨǰ˫»ζ˻棬˫صܡ 
ܿûҡˣϷΪģ¶ҵ׶ص¡ÿһ¶صĶӹ겻ǣûѾйһΡ 
ԲˣȴȻǽǹģȻֱͦͦСѨڸ߳ʧ룬ؿڶϵͷϵĥµĴĺǳСѨӹϸٵʶš 
ֻеǰֱðģĿнģӦӲϾǸȫᴩ˵ĴĽְֺޣֻû˻ţйе 
˲֪ǵڼεĸ߷֮ʣеԼű룬Ļͷȥһָֻȥˣţȴ§ֺһ˴ڵĳ壬ļϻʣǸָľﲻϵתڣѽľջٵţĿʼоһʵСоǿ 
뿪ʼõţޡ֣áһ㣡뿪ʼͦƨɣĳ塣 
Ѿ˵룬úʽ£ٴӹ˴Ⱦ 
Ҳû˫ƤҲŲϺ˯ 
ԺĴ˯ȫ³ģټ˯ā˰ˮĻգϼǻ˯ӣһǱԼŪúˣͦŵĴѹ뽿壬ѽϵľˣĺľˣѹʱҲˡ 
˵ҵĺţˣǲ̫³ˣŪ𣿡 
ĴӲСȭͷɷؿһȭȭĴ˵˼һۣȴӲҪɡ 
˵ҵǸҵǸҪϲܽԡ 
ߺ˵ιϹǡѾǷˣҪʱҶԡǡһЩ 
Ѿ֧޴ƵջڴͷԼ˸ۣǸϾĶ壬ڵƹķµӲ˶֡ 
ٰѹڴϣĿİлķֿ޳ȣٴĴ 
αדУֵõõĸ߳˵оһΣº뱧ԡԧˮ 
Сʱڴ§˵ĻȢ㣬ңҰ㡣 
§Ǻ굽Ļ˵Ҳǣ˱˫ӵ˯ 
뽫Ҫʼһҳ 
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һ棬˾պȻͷ뿪Ҷͺӱʫ˾պȻͷ㷵ؾƵ귿ǰȻһյͣ˾պȻҪ𷮱뷿Ҳеһ»Ҹ 
˾պȻһ˴ķڴϣ˵ǽ飬˵Ҫ棿 
˵ôķȽڣҲֻ֪һĻͬʱ˵ͬʱϹҡתһ룬ֲ˵Աû˵ȥ 
˾պȻļ׷·ߵ˵ͬʱϹҡ 
˾պȻ˵ǻϹ 
˵ʱ˼ѵó˼ҴӦⲻ㻵Ϲ𣡡 
˾պȻ˵ֻһʱ鼱ϣӦ㣬㻹𣿡 
˵ҪӦһҲŲ 
˾պȻ˵һӦ㣬˵ɣ 
Ҳ˵ֻһʹֻ㡣 
˾պȻ˵ҽʹ𣿡 
˵ֻڷҿԷ𣿡˵ӣţգȴ˾պȻƷӣ 
˾պȻǰʹɫص£õΣ¸ֳһ鹵촽ӣһ˫ֱӿ˽ȥ֣һ˫ľһ˫鷿˾պȻתȥѣ£˫ִȥƹ˫Ҹ˫ִӺס˫顣 
ͻȻ˵ԼȥϴҲŸʹ 
˾պȻ֮ﱥָͦһ˼£Űٰ㲻ԸȥϴٶȽϴٴԡ߳ 
˾պȻ仒ϣһЩ¿Ķߵǰ˵Ϲһת˾պȻ㱳£¶ʤ񱳣ļӷºٽ⿪ֱʱһֲֽȥ˵һ£͵˵ԡңԡϡ 
˾պȻֻڷţʱеһôʮӺ󣬷Ҳԡ۴ԡ߳˾պȻǰߵǰ 
˵СϹһȣڴϡ 
˾պȻ·ָʾڴϣڴһԡڣûڿ㣬һֱӲĴ˵СϹôҵĻұȽ㡣⿪ԡֱۣ㿪ʼŪĴ 
ŪһָָĨȥ۵ľҺٰѹͷס촽žӣѴԼУֿʩһ۶˾պȻҲ̲˫סԡۣ˫ŷ鷿еͷһ飬е徭һ˿˿Ĵ̼һӾǱĵš 
˾պȻ˷ܵד˵ţزеԡ 
³ͷ̧˵Ź˼Һô 
˾պȻѷס˵ղżģʹ˯ڴϣҺú÷㣡˵Ƚԡ£㿴ڰɫ˿̺ͷСĶӿڸסСѨԲθһţד̾˵СºԸС 
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˾պȻҲżֻϵԡ£뱻ڽ£ڴϣڹзĶΪ˾պȻһȥĶӿ㣬СѨ࿪ʼˮӭĴ٣˾պȻֻűḧȣԳֲûҪ 
һᣬ˾պȻ뱻ڣֻе˾պȻȣһ·ȾͷĲҲеСѨˮӿϣ˾պȻֻڴţСѨļϣİοҲؽӿһߣСѨ͵˾պȻǰ 
˾պȻ״˫סڿ̧࣬Σ׵ذڿȥͷ·Σᶶϵˮ˾պȻ׵ѩ׵Ĵ֮䣬ͷš 
˾պȻͷĻѣ΢΢ֱŴȣһڶ˾պȻѾ״СѨϣͬʱˮٶȵӿû˾պȻ⣬ʹ 
Ҳ޳ȸΪ󵨵ĳſ˾պȻСѨ濪ʼţϸİڲȴϵӿˮҲ̲ס˳áһ㡭มมมԡš򰡡ม򡭡ม 
˾պȻ˱ˮͷСѨֿǷۺɫСʱķͻȻССľΣ˾պȻ̼٣СѨһˮȻҷֿĴȶ 
˾պȻٴΰСѨôͷĤϸУһֱˮӿСѨһŵˮһ찴ס˱ 
˵มҲˡมġôมСѨͦ˾պȻ˾պȻٽͷڣٴһΣⲻϰԸеش 
˾պȻϸȥ򷮱СѨ⸧֮ˮϵĲ𾢵˱ͦСѨڵˮٵ 
졭ˬมˡܲˡม졭มҪˡŷСѨˮٶȵŪ˾պȻմˮ 
˾պȻϽ﷮鷿ʱһڱ㺬Ϸͷͷͣ鷿֮У̺СɵͦķӲվڻԲ鷿ϣѱ۾˾պȻķ񣬵еɢȫСѨɧ˾պȻϣҲ˾պȻմˮľףͷĿȻĺθǰڶȥ̽˾պȻĴ 
˾պȻҲɧ̧̬֣ôСѨϣķôʪСѨֱȫֱӹڣ˾պȻѷ˺ĵĶţ˾պȻӣϣӵһǵûȻҡ 
СѨﱻ˾պȻĴׁ׾ݣȺͼӲԽԽͣ˫ð˾պȻθ°ڶСѨȥŪǰһ飬΢΢ĥ䡣 
˾պȻ״Ҳһѣ˫ֱΣʼɿشҲ˾պȻ׶Σážžÿһ¾ֱӹڣŪ飬ŷһǿҵһˮȻ 
˾պȻҲӿٶȣΪ˾պȻУӣ͵˫ش̼£һθ߳˾պȻٳʮºŽסӹڣŨŨľҺӹ 
˴ڴ§һܸ߳£ϢΣ˾պȻ˵ʹ˼ĥһ˾պȻֽ§ḧʾǸ⣬Ķ˵ϲʹ˵ҲΪ֮죬񱳱 
˾պȻ§ŷ˵С˵ǽȽ۵»ҹ 
˵㵽ʱܶ룬˯ˡ 
˾պȻķ۾˵Ҷٷݰ飬 
˵˼Ҳ㣬˵Ҳԣڸһ飬§˯ܷҸеҸĸоʱҲһ˵ 
˾պȻӺӵŷ˵һ˫Ҳֱ𵽷鷿ϣ˵ǷһЩо˾պȻҲı˼ƣ˵ǷһЩҸĸоֱ˾պȻĴСѨϣȥܣ˾պȻͼСѨҲɵô 
е˾պȻһ˫ϣһСѨУͷһůڴϣ΢Цʱ˾պȻ˵Сио𣿡 
˵СϹôҪʱŲµ˼ҸʱһҸоܻΪҺֻ찮ʱСޡ 
˾պȻ˵ֻǻȡԼԸҵδӡ 
˵СϹƭҡ 
˾պȻ˵Ҫ˵ˣˣ˯ɣ 
˾պȻγʱ̣˵Ϲ§ȥ˯ 
˾պȻҲշ˼§Ŷ˯ʱܹ˯𣿴ǲ֮󣬷Ҹٷ𣬶ൽʱ˾պȻͷ˻һǲСѨҸЦ⡣ 
*************************************************************** 
ൽʱһƵ귿ڣһ˫˵ĴϣڱȫŮӵһ˯ʱһŮ΢΢ſۿܵİʱѹҶ 
Ҷȸеȫһ˿ңٿԵĺӱʫҲһȻſ˯ɳϵʱŰ 
ҶѺӱʫŮ˯˹ֵֹģŪһϴϢһᣬȻӱʫҶĶϸĶҶҲЦ˳Ǳ㴩Ϊ׼õԡۺ󣬱͵͵ߵԣӱʫԡ¶ͦ鷿һ鷿ȥӱʫЦͷۺɫĿɰͷȥʱͷһתӱʫҲƿ壬ŪΣҲͷתתȥ 
Ҷ״ҲЧӱʫСͷȥγûзӦٽ̺ͷʱͻȻſڽҶͷš 
Ū᲻ѹȼװ˯Ŷ΢۾ȴʱһֱҶͷľױʱһںסҧţᳶͷŪҶͷ 
ҶҪƶŪʮᣬֻ˳ܣ忿§Ĳӣ˵ϹҪ˼ңʫʫ⣬˼һʱ̰棬ҪôСɣ 
ſҶ˵СֻǼŪҵķôޣһʱ̲סС˵ҶԡһͷŪһŷſ 
ҲԵĺӱʫһ㽫ŮĴϣǶãҶͺӱʫֻýԡⴺйӹ˫ۣһ֪ԡһ˿ң˵λСˣôѵġ 
ӱʫ˵˼Ҽ˯ɳϴһ˯ŪѺ㿪ЦϷŪеǸ 
Ҷ˵Ҳ룬˼˯һЩ㾹Ȼңҹûнף¾˰ɣ 
˵ĹҶͺӱʫջȫҲû磬ֻ˵ôҲȥϴֻĨ 
Ҷ˵ϹҲδϴҲҪϴ 
ӱʫ˵Ҽͷǣھͷϴ 
ͻȻ§˵λŴˣҸҹǹһҹһգ˭֪ô˾ƣҾеϧǽʱһӵеĻҹĽ¶ĵ׻ 
ӱʫ˵ɵϹǲз֮ʵֺҪлҹ 
˵ⲻͬģΪҹǸʱ̵ֻ̣ӡǡ 
Ҷ˵ϹȺһϴұ֤иľ顣ǱΪȥϵ 
ԡҺҶͺӱʫҲϵԡȥǰµĴҲߡ¾һԡڣЩͬҶͺӱʫԡΪͿϣȻ˫ỬŤʱһǰһʱһһңΪϴ壬Ϊϴʱ鹵ʱʱ֣й 
Ҳ̲α㽫Ҷͺӱʫ§űӣϣҶͺӱʫਣȻǸ§ţ˫ԲͣŤ˫СָΪŪ͸ 
ʱӱʫ˵˼ϴֻԼܣϴ 
븧ǵ壬ʱΪҶϴΪӱʫϴᡣⳡ޵ϴϣΪҶͺӱʫ_ȥԡһһסҶͺӱʫԲ鷿ĽҶͺӱʫ˺˷޴룬ѩ׻ļϸ 
ֽŸǵ֮䣬Ҷͺӱʫ޳Ĵȥò˳СѨʱ˵СѨѿʼʪʱҶֹ˵ϹҺʫʫҲ̫̫Ҫúϧǡ 
ֱźӱʫֱҶ˵ҵλ̫̫ȻҲٱ֤ôֻ˵лΪҸһУҰǣͬʱǶһֵǧȥɣ 
ҶͺӱʫҲߵ§ҺĬذǵͷ͵ľͬʱǵͷǵСﲻϵطԳֵ̡ԡҲ󴲵Ķ̶·;ϣҲеҶͺӱʫСѨˮմʪֱۡ 
Ҷͺӱʫڴϣһ˿ҵǰ¡üĿȴāС 
ֿҶȣͷ̽СѨڣ˱ʪ妵ⶴʳˮָ׺ӱʫСѨָǵСѨһһ_ǣҶͺӱʫš 
ҶͺӱʫǵͷƷ塣ָͬʱŮСѨӿٶǽݡس鴤޳ȾչָԸСѨ 
Ҷͺӱʫġպ󣬾ӱʫ֮䣬մˮĴز˺ӱʫ۵Ѩ 
ӱʫŤţСײʼ˵ޡϹҡޡʪỬڽĳȴ 
һźӱʫһҶҵţ˫һһץλ޵ķ鷿š 
һֵĳ󣬺ӱʫСѨﲻͷųһɹҲһĲŤ˵ҡˡޡϹҡ 
֪ӱʫ߳Ҫ٣СѨ壬˵ӴʪҺ죬ϵķ󹾡ŮĴ 
ӱʫӣѩ״Ƚֱĸ߸̧漴СѨӿһˮһӸˣҲһһϵ˱Ĵٳإ£̽Ķ룬ӱʫӹڣȵľҺעӹͬʱӱʫ˵ǡǡޡϹޡҡޡúӱʫٴϼĶ塣 
˺ӱʫһѴӺӱʫСѨҶϣҶ˵Ϲ㻹ԡŶޡΪйһΣҪϢһϰɼ˭֪ĴȻͦմӱʫˮĴ̻ҶȴѾõСѨŴִСѨ鶯Ľ࣬С﷢һź 
Ҷ彥һƬҺɫ촽ſϢţһһԽԽطˡһᣬͻȻźһҪˡҪˡȻվŵĴȼһҵز 
ѹҶļ򣬴ײСѨҶȻʼ鴤һһĲŵ 
Ҷڵڿʼһ鶯Ĵͬʱ˫ֽȫסؾҳ鴤鴤ûнʱʱһĲŤ￪ʼһ˰ҪͣܲҪġȾҡӹȥ 
ĴҶʪһȵĽйţҶСѨȻ鴤ֱеﵽ˿ܶ㣬ȫţ˵Ҫˣ 
һҵĲ飬ĴţһµʹһһȵľҺȥҶ飬Ҷһ˸߳ 
sεļҲڴϴԼҲΪοôҡҲζҶͺӱʫ˸ղŵĵ̬ǹ⻬ĽḧţҶͺӱʫҲɵš 
Ҷ˵ϹΪ 
˵Ҳ֪رˡ 
ӱʫ˵ѵƽʱ𣿡 
˵ǣѾ̫̫Ϊޣɢһٸζ 
ӱʫľһǱ˵ԺСţ 
ʱҶְͷ鷿˵ҲСţ 
һʱҶͺӱʫҲСţҲ֮£֪ͨСø_λǲСţͬʱһԴҲо§Ҷͺӱʫ˵ҲСš 
Ҷͺӱʫһͬ˵˭Ǵţ  
˵ѰУҶͺӱʫ˵ϣ׼һһѹ£Ƕʩԡ»ɽ֮֡ʱƽ 
Ҷͺӱʫ˵ֻǣš 
˵Сţ㣬һ˵֪ʵѼƻãһѡڸһ޵ĵط]ᣬǱ˳Ľ顣 
ҶͺӱʫҲС˵굽ĻҶ˵СɫϹӱʫ˵ûƭˣ 
Ҳſ§ڻ˵Ҫ˵ô࣬ϢɣڻδϢһȥͰɣ 
Ҷͺӱʫ˵ϹҪϢɣеŪһ𣿡ǵĴ֣ǵͷš 
ϸĵΪҶͺӱʫơȵġơǷ




    39ϰ 

ҶһݼҽʦϰĶѵĶӣ裩һ19׼ѧ޵ԣĳɼַͨϴѧĿγ̣ҶҲ޵ԣԣҶϰԱӦѧĿγ̡ 
ʱҶҲܾÿҲֻ貹ϰһΣÿСʱټϲϰĵصҶᣬһڴӦˡ 
ҶʼϰʱҶβֺãһڽ۾ʮһӣеѹҶҲһЩͬĵطԳɼϱȽϣǵĳɼҲָͨͬõ̷ֻͬҪֻҪԼָ㣬Ҫ影飬ɼż 
һ뵽ɫҶе㲻ڣⲢ⣬ҲеƣȣҶżᴩһ㣬ᷢĿɫɫȻԺ貹ϰʱҲᴩöװһ㡣 
ֱһΣҶһȹټһףֺ⣬ҶϸĵĽţʱͬΪʱԼƽĽ⣬תͷһ迴ؿڣҶͷһŷֵȹĿ£¶ѩ׵鹵ɫҲ֣Ͽ찴ڣҲҶ֪͵ͨ죬˫ҲΪض 
¼Ҳûоʹᣬֱϰϣ׼뿪ҪҶȥʱһתպײҶزһĸоһӵҶ˵㣡ƯҷѰ㡣 
ҶֱӵʾʽŪ޴룬ֻ˵ѣҲ㡣 
˵㲻ƭң˵㻹ûѣȻڲңһҡʱ⴫ĽҶƿȥš 
һű˵ҺڣҳŵʱǴס˵Һǲϰ 
Ҷı˵ǣҲϰϣҲ׼뿪һ˿ʧ뿪 
뿪ҶɳϲһڣϰͣҪҪټҶʾΪѵĶӣҲҪϰϣҶߵĽղɫɫĿʾ͸¶ 
˵ôҵš 
Ҷ˵㲻ҪôԺڲϰʱԱԱңֲõʧѡһҲһñ淨ԺڲϰʱҲڳΡ̡ 
Ҷһβϰ죬ӵĵ绰֪ͨİְͨ⵽ҽԺҽԺ˽ΣټϺӱʫֺĸĸδҶֻһڵ赽 
赽Ҷ糣ĺϰҲûвΪҶҲҪ뿪ʱ׽Ҷ˵㣡֪㲻ңϣǰӦһҪ󣬿𣿡 
Ҷ˵ҪҪſɿǣ 
Ͽҵİ˵ҵҪܻһ㣬һ£ұ֤вΪ 
ҶһĿ־İҲӦϲĽ͵ҶǰҶһ£Ҳе㣬˵㣡ӣ㣬ԵĻСס 
ʱҶǰӵҲᣬ֪νͻȻ룬һǵĸо¶ģ۾Ҳ⣬Ѿ״ӣһҶеһϤĸоҶҲΪſ˫˱ͷ 
õҶĹӵһ뻳ڱֻֿʼҶıųƵḧȻųͬе鷿ָȥѰͷ 
ָѰҵĿָ㿪ʼŪҶʱһǰѾӵӣ۾»ϵһ߳ףǿҵϢһʱ¹ײƿֺ󣬾˫ΧӣСͷ㼴һҶĴţҶʱҲϡ 
ϵȻʧȥĴѰƷҶز£ԽСҶţпĿͷɵָ׵ؽ⿪ţпť¿ҶʱֱڸűڿȥĥҶСѨ 
Ǹһڿ㣬ҶǸеʴǵĿУﲻǺǵãҶСѨˮڿ㶼ʪһƬסֱ̰ٶ֪ҪֹԼƿ 
һƶƣҶסƣĴԽڿ㣬˫ſֱָĥСѨ 
ʱҶԺһհףҲΪλֻ֪쳣УÿһµӴҲĪ˷ܣڵҷǣﾡǽһжҲ֪𲽵Ԩɼ 
Ҷ£̣һ˿УСѨˮǾ̰Ķ˵㣡һ뽫¿͸ΪһҶֻߵõͷͬ⡣ 
㽫Ҷŵ£ť⿪ųţпһ£Ҳر¶İǰ 
Ҷϵֺڿ𲻵ã֣Ҷ˫ֻ鷿ʱһںһͷţһͷϣҶ鷿Уһ˫ϣſһͷ˵㣡鷿ִͦĺҶûдֻԴһ˫ϣҲ˵Ľ 
ҶõкСڿϣ˫סڿ࣬һҶ̧Σ׵ذڿȥҶһʱ˫ָСѨԼɧ̬ûлģҶĴţҶ˫Ҳи˫ֲƿһС죬պ¶СѨСѨϡ 
ҶܲϵķӦġššûܵʲô˳ĽҶСѨ׾ݣͷСѨŪڣҶֺŶŶҶᰴԴ̧ͷԸ룬ûйҶͷŪܿΪҶһθ߳ˮֱϡ 
˵㣡Ҫõ㡣 
Ҷȫ㣬µĴѵֵСѨϣҶ˵Ĳϰʦ㡭û˵꣬ĹͷԼСѨԼСѨסһ紥Уʱɢȫ 
˵㣡ڲϰʱѹˣҲϰĹ㲻ҵĲϰʦҵѡ 
Ҷ˵βԶǰһͦ 
βʹһͦ˳ġ̡һȫûһѾûҶСѨˣֱͦӹ˫ֽץסҶķۼ磬ͦżͣƨɷСѨǰš 
ʮ´ĳײÿξҶӹСѨеˮͷӹУʹ衣 
ҶĴô鵴ġѩ赵ĽŴĽţɵŤǹ⻬ѩ׵ķƵƵ϶˽ţ׵ܵܡðˬˡมϹɷ򡭡̫ŪѨˡŶŶ塭ɡHɡมѽ׵ܵܡӹҪ崩ˡޡСϹɷ򡭡СѨҪҪĴˡӴѽ׵ܵܡĸεܵܡֶӹˡӴ׵ܵܡɷ򡭡̫ǿ׳ˡˡŶ 
Ҷɵ÷ۼ糺죬ˣȫȣѷ̧øߣųĶҡš 
Ĵͷӹϵĳ̣ҶСѨĲ͡ʹ˵Ҷǳãֻ㷢ңεزҵŤţ꣬ܲˣֽĵɧ̬ɫưưɾ 
Ҷţ泩ý󺰣ѽ׵ܵܡҪ׵ܵܡˡҪ崩ӹˡӴมϹɷ򡭡첻ˡСԩҡ׵ܵܡ˽ɡ׵ܵܡ㡭˽ɡѽܲᱻİСԩҡý̫ˡࡡĸΡɷ򡭡׵ܵܡҪйˡŶ̫ˡ 
費ͣس壬ҶСѨ̡̡ˮ춶 
Ҷ͵һνıס̵ˮһйӷΡδδ𡱵䵽ϡ 
еͷޱȣ̲סҺʹҶӹҶͱ̵ľҺôУޡ̫ˡ׵ܵܡĸεܵܡˡˡʹˡȫĽҲǣмΪĸ߳ 
ʱŴ򿪣Ҷһ۱㿴һʹĿǣϴ뿪Ҷƿϵ裬ţܸ߳չδ㵹ڵϡ 
Ҷ˱ʱǰ˾ĵϱ§뿪˵㲻Ҫ뿪ңԺҲ㲻𡣡 
״˵ô£뿪㣡 
ҶԷŷԼϵ·Ĵţ಻ڳֻ֪һΣʱŰ§˵˼ҸղŷһΣμ뿪ҡ 
Ҫ׷ҶһεʱҶĵ绰§ȥ뿪Ҷ󣬲֪磬Ҷʱһ죬绰еʧʾ֪ҶҲϲټԴѧĿγҲյҪ㣬첻ϰͬʱףõҸ 
Ҷµ绰ʱǵҽԺ̽ͨ⵽ҽԺİְ֣˵ 
˵ְֻ΢Ľͨ⣬ֺͽֻвˣƲ޴󰭣ҩѾؼϢ㻹δ˵㷢һΣǲǺڵйأ 
Ҷ˵ϹҪӦң˺ҪҲҪ뿪ңҲŸ˵Ҳ֪ǶεݻҶô£һڴӦˣҶߵĽղŵξȫ˵ 
˺ֻ§Ҷ˵СɵϣξҲɵǴڴϲǷǶѵԵ𣿿ûжҲ𡣡 
Ҷ˵ǴͬǴ㲻뿪ңͻ뿪ңҺµľҴӦҲᱳ͵˵§һǣͷߵ˫ݣයŪӦĽ§סǵʧȥĻ꣬ӵǣݏͣһ㣬Ǵֿ 
Ҷŵɳ£ٱſѹϣҶ˫ֻӣ˴ĿĶһᣬֱգ˵㻹ǵãǴҵĳӦҵŮ𣿡 
Ҷס˵ǴҴӦ֮Ͱұѹңʱҵһθȥ·ཫŮ֮׸㡣һ˵һ߽ϳť۽⿪ 
ו˵ʱܰҶϼĵͷ§һںסͷƷɵĽҺҶºܿ㽫ĳţпѵٽһʱȴܵҶֹûʹǿ 
ҶҲһߺͰʱҲһ߽ѹ⣬ȫһ˿Һ󣬶ȵĴСҶ˵Ϲ㡣 
ɳϣҶ͹ڵذϣһ˫ֱΪŪוŴӣѹͷţһ渧İҡһᣬסһѵôοһᣬҶн⿪ֺڿ㣬ְ˫鼷һٽŵ鹵ϣŪСſͷ˫飬ʱСףÿͷСףҶ㼴һ˱ 
ҶŬ𣬿һȵĽ㱧ڻоУҶ˵ر顣 
Ҷ̧һ˵ȫΪǶΣҺʧȥ㣬Ҫ㰮ңҲֻǺϹ찮ǶΡ˵Ҷ߿ϷСסԼСѨȥԲλ³ĽĴɽȥ 
Ҷ˫§סĲӽߵסǻԲвͣı仯״紥ζͣҶɵûҡСš֮ 
ܵʪůĥ÷ǳʣ˫ַʹͶҶɵáһǿҵĿͷδɿ챼ۣ㷢粨˷ɢǰԲ鲻ͣµͷס顰̣̣˱˫סŪСѨˮɳϡ 
ĴҶСѨڼвʣҶϡκ졢ţáŶ 
Ҷ㷢еմźˮϣеɢˣŤ赲ϵסĩˣС׻ţˡáˡʱҶҵУϸϸƷʹֻļ尾Ҷ˫۽§סļͷᶶСѨǿнҧŴĩ˲ס˱ȵˮһθ߳ 
߳ҶԲס΢΢ֻ淺޵ĺΣգĽëͣĲţн߲ϣ˵ᴽ΢΢³ȫݷþƵģ̱ϳڸ߳ĿС 
Ҷ⸱޵̬ĽĿϣǰź΢΢ĥķӣ΢΢ķ飬ҶȫֻځѣٶҶӣ˫ᰮ⻬񱳣ɲֵСѨﶶҶ౾ܵĺͷ˱ˮٶȻеĽ٣Ҷƣͨ죬ϻĽ飬˵ϹðҶ΢ЦͷܵȵļϣµĴֲ 
Ҷӵǵͬʱ˫ҲûԲʣҶʱֽ˵Ϲȵȡ 
Ƿضͣ˿̵Ҷȫ˫ķļĽġҡڻ԰С 
Ҷѹɳϣ˫ֱҶ޳ȼļͷʼһֵĳͣһһֱӹڣҶСѨﴫУٽţšҶ֫Ĳϣβͣҡͦӭĳͣžž졣 
ҶŪŴ߽ţϹðҶǴ鵴ϼѵĽò˿̸ԵĽޡ˰ƮƮɵӿĳҶϸϸĺ飬ҵţŶŶ 
˫סҶ˫飬Ⳣķͦ͵ԣĴָʳָѸ߸⣬崿ɡò˵Ҷʱڽбýκ졢ü壬ʹ壬ÿ¶ֱӹڣҶڸزд䶯 
ٳ˰±еͷæҶΣӿĽ̵࣬ľҺȫҶӹȫˮӿͬø̱߳ҶĽϣ̱ɳϴϢ 
ϢƬ̣ҪγȴҶֹ˵Ҫγ˼ϲĸо 
ΪỵˣҶϣΪͷɢҵ㷢˵֪رɧ 
Ҷߵһ£޵κ죬˵ҶȻҡš˵ʱ϶˼¡ 
ĳ˵ǲ 
Ҷ׸һ˵ššǻӡϲššҡ 
ӿٶȣ˵ϲ㣿 
ҶзӦ˽ţϰϰϰ 
˼ͣҶͻȻһ̤գ޹Ŀ˵Ϊôǲϰ 
Ҷſ۾˵ӱʫ⼸첻ڣҵ˽˲ϰʦҲϰ 
˵ϰô 
Ҷߵϸ˵֪ʶ 
Ȼ򣬲ҽҶûˣִֺͣߣ˫˫ŽȫֲһʱڳŷĵһǳһһӤ 
˵ڶ˯ڣҶſǰ˯ϸһ˿˿ЦݣҶſ۾ס§ţһ鲻סؿĥ䣬˵Ϲ糿Ϊôң 
˵ҿϴЦݣ֪㷢һΣ 
Ҷ˵ҲǷһΣһΡ 
˵Ǹ 
Ҷ˵μһͷɫǼһһΣɫɫǸҵ˽˲ϰʦ 
֪˵Ц˵ʹܲǿ㣡Ƶ䣬СѨˮѻǳһ죬ֱȥͷһһֱ̽ƿС˽ȥ 
һᣬҶûͣŤΣ˵Ҫ 
Ҷѹ£Ű˫һ֣סѷӲĴһͦ䶯β˵һΣҪ 
Ҷʱһϰʦ㡭Ҫ 
ͦ俪ʼҶҲʵءŶһ˳˵ϰʦǿҡҪϲҪҡͣ 
ҶˮҷɡҶͻȻңĽʱݣ߳ 
ҺעҶӹ󣬱ſҶϣҶЦ˵̬ôϲǿң 
˵˭Ҫ˽˲ϰʦϰ֪ʶ 
Ҷʱ꾫ĴҶ棬ѾڱʱͻͻĶ£ֿʼӲϽƿЦ˵ɫʦ 
ҶתҪӣֻôֱ׽ţЦͣܲӹġ˽˲ϰʦǿ顱ˣҶġ 
ֱŪ˽ӽһСʱ˷ȥϴһ




    40ɼ 

һʵϣһɽһƽʽıһŮӾӾеĴǿŮĽԸз 
˳ӾϺеķŮϰŮһɫӾ°ߣظӾµ͵͵U ֳ⻬鹵˵ķҲӾֳ״ 
ŮӾԵɳ̲ëĨȥϵˮ飬ſɳ̲ù̫Ե˵СϹҲ̫͡˽ӹ̫ͺ󣬱̫͡ 
˵һ˫Ů˵Ĺ⻬ļϸĵĲ̫ͣΪŮ˲һ̫ͺһ˫ּŮ˵ߣʱ̫͵ķĽŮֻᡰһ˼Ľ˵ĴڲʱŮ˱㽫Ƚϲ˵Ĵֵóʣ˲ûзһֻ͵͵ĴŮ˱Ӿ룬ֱȥḧķΣŮҲ̲ס㽫˵ߣת˵˿ 
ſŮ˵ķ۱˵û˿ 
Ů˵ԭԤıеӹȫż٣ҵһ𡣡 
˵Сֻ˵һ룬ӹ˵ļڲҸģҰְ⣬㵥һ𡣡 
һŮ˾պȻͷǳٿҪᣬ㵽ȥɼ٣˾պȻİְһǱɼ٣˾պȻİְֺ֪Ӧ˾պȻ󣬾Ҳ÷޸˾պȻ뷮Уԣǽӹȫż٣˾պȻͷһ档 
ʱ⵽˾պȻĿͷԲĹͷĶ߶ţ˵ǣ˿㡭ߵò֪ȥ 
˾պȻ˵ֻҺ㣬ѵó˿ġ˵Ӿ㣬¶ 
˾պȻΪλ򣬳˱ֻ⣬ټϱλһСɽϣû˿ԿҪǰķԸУѵ򷮱󻶡 
ߵòηӦֻɵɵ˾պȻǣƶǸ͸׶ʱŻعȻȷ˿ǻ⣬㺦ߵ˵һǺ˿ 
˾պȻԣ§ϸۼĶ˵ţһΰɣ 
ߵĿ˾պȻ˵ʹӦΣҵӾ¡ 
˾պȻһķ˵лţ 
˾պȻŷ´ıݣ˱Ϣţ˾պȻͷ˿ĳݷ죬ͷֱ룬Ū⣬˫ܵѹţܣֻŪ˾պȻһһ£ͷ˫𽥽ڳҺ鲻Խ˾պȻĿУ˱ԼҺҲ˹ȥȲؽӭ˾պȻ̽Լеʪͷ˽ʪֻҪѣȫȣRĽ߽⡣ 
˾պȻ屧ŷϻѹڷزĸӾͷˣ˵ұСȻ˾պȻŪ 
ΪŪһᣬ˾պȻĴδе߳ĵز˵˼ֶˣŹҺô 
˾պȻ˵δд̼¡ͬʱӾڷͷţһ˳ 
ƿ˾պȻվ˵˼㣬ֻᵷ 
˾պȻæ§ţ˵ţԲ㲻Ҫס 
һᣬСе˾պȻĴţһ˵ﶥ˼ҡ 
˾պȻ˵ţ˰ɣ 
˵ҹ֣ãҰŪ㲻ٵ 
˾պȻӦٹԹԵɳ̲ϣҲĸǰСŴŪ˾պȻֱ}Ĳ˾պȻĴʼ̴٣ͷҲ£춹ͷСҪһˡӣڹͷǳһ£̽ͷ£ٽ˾պȻĴΪ˱ 
ÿֵʺĹͷеһĽУ˾պȻ̲סͷ۾ܷĿУһƬʪůͷĴſȱߵķ񿴹ȥǡһֱͷǵķʱҲ̧ͷ˾պȻߣֵףȻĴ 
˾պȻذŷԜRҵķ˿Ȼ֪ΪԸڽ˾պȻעŷÿ˦ںĳıµĽǶʱ˾պȻ㲻Ϊɫݡ 
˲ã˾պȻҲеʼһһйɵزһȵľҺڷСʹסͷϣ¶УͷΪһֱ²³ 
˾պȻ㱧𷮱ҲС׵ě@ӣһ˾պȻ˵ãÿҲΪЩѳԵĶ 
Ҳ§˵㲻ϲ𣿡 
˾պȻ˵Ȼϲֲࡣ 
˵Ϊôֲֹҡ 
˾պȻ˵ǵǴڹʱ㲻ҪЩ˵ֻҪСϲ֪Ҫÿڡԣ»ʧȥ㡣 
ļ˵ɵϣǻЩ£ֻҪģҲֻĻŪңΪϲҵůо 
˾պȻ¶ıףĵñ𷮱ӾӾصˮȻֻҲһҪε§˾պȻ˶ѿ˾պȻǻ׷Ź˱Ӿ￪ʼ׷Ϸܿ췮ٴ˾պȻĻֿʼʪǣ˾պȻҲʱӾ︧ĽҲȡε̬ȣ˾պȻֿḧϵÿط˾պȻӾʱҲֹ 
˸߲ҵʱ򣬺Ȼ˾պȻŷ߻ڣʱֱΪ˾պȻһȥϴԡҺ󣬷㽫ϵӾ¶縡͹ģ˾պȻҪ̣Ϊϴÿһ˾պȻѸһΣԲûٽһ͸е˾պȻʹ崺ĸо 
ϴҲǰСʱ£ҲԽԽ󣬺Ȼֱ£ذֲָΧûбϳҲûбˡ 
˾պȻͷҲûر˽ĿǱڱɹϣԺϸڱ£ͻȻ˾պȻһһ103Ĵ͵ӣģټϷи豸ذϺĵձϴźʹDһĿռ䣬Ļ֣˾պȻ֣ЩϷ¿ͬʱֵðң˱㿪ʼһ桰ս 
˾պȻͷⳡսʼʱ˫ʤ£˺һϷʱ춷Լʻ֪ʶһ֪ܣ㼤Ĳ̬ԸΥ˾պȻսԽԽ˾պȻ״ҲʤҲ֪ĺ⵫ǲ˵ҪӮ㣬Ҳ⡣ 
˾պȻͷڵձϽⳡһʼ㾡ȣҲ˾պȻսǰ˺ܶ࣬Ҳʱ⣬Ե˾պȻרĵĽбǲʱزսŽ˵ǲڱ 
˾պȻʱҲרעڱϣԵķʱ¶Сģټһ¶Сȵ˶㣬һװ⵽˫ŲĶʱزӯӯػεŰϸU 죬ϰ鷿ͻԲݵ鹵ɼˡֱ˾պȻŶ˵ǡǡٱȥ 
ûרĵ˾պȻʱȥ͵鹵˾պȻȡʤĻᣬɵ̬ʤⳡ£˾պȻ˵ӮҲ㣬㲻רģҪٱһΡ˵Ҳ˾պȻӦȥϷ 
˾պȻͷһڱϺ˾պȻȻż͵鹵Ȼᵹʤĳɼȡʤ޻˵˾պȻԣ˵ıǼ಻һ˾պȻ˵ӮôΣҲӦýһ¡ 
˵Ҳû˵ӮнƷ 
˾պȻ§ţ˵͸һЩԱʾķڷ 
ӣӡľ״ϣߵ˵˼ˣҲһЩοҪ۸ҡ 
˾պȻ˵ٸһΪʤᣬ˭쵽յ㣬Ը𣿡 
һͷӦ˵Ǳô 
˾պȻ˵˵ϷӣӦ˾պȻϣֻˣɵң˾պȻֵַס˱ӵ໥۰ݽȥ 
˾պȻͷҪѶԷԵƵģƬ״˱˾պȻ˫ڷĴߣµȣϵ米øȼһѻȼĽյǰˡ 
˾պȻʵǰæץס˾պȻҪֹֻԵ˼ᶨ¡һн˼£Ͳȫ˾պȻ֮С 
˾պȻഺ˫飬ǶеԣʱʱأŪ÷ 
˾պȻ˶βȥָʪСѨȥֿٵ򷮱ǰָͷ 
һʱ䷮ϵи˾պȻУҲС˰Ͷ˾պȻĻĿһ˫۱סͷӣðƷӣĴ˱ţǸͷҲһѷ˿һͷСڶţѷͷŪţĽҺҲ 
±˾պȻŪ÷ɳ̵ø߸ߵģ˫ɳͷ˵Ա 
˾պȻ˵Ǳ˭ȵ߳Լ㵽߳Ĵʤһ˫ɸӽһ˫鷿ġԡ 
˾պȻһԺʧı˶㣬һɫĶֿ˶¶չ¶ѩ׼ԲķγǿҵĶԱȣ˾պȻڷǣһ˫ָ·ȥȷһ˫ഺ鷿 
ȻＫ֮˾պȻУԸΥ˾պȻǱķΣСѨʱЩеطҲڶȥӭǣ˾պȻҲɵıܿյøңºɫĶֿڶ˵ķΣ˵СϹ˼ҡ 
˾պȻ÷ͬʱѩ׵ĴȼԴۺɫļΪջСѨʱûˮ֮£֮˾պȻںĵձϸһȥ⸧֮ˮϵĲ𾢵˱岻ͷȥּķӦڣСѨڵˮٵ 
˾պȻȫڷУȻͷᣬǷ񣬵ȴһҲͣ˫ƱղգСҪƯ죬ȫɧȵģסضס˵มมԡš򰡡ม򡭡มáһ㡭ม 
Լÿ춼ܸеůĿУÿȥÿһëÿһƬ⣬ֻϣ˱ܿ췮һθ߳ͷһʱ˾պȻҲ̧ͷմˮߵ˵˼ҵºڿ㻹һ׵ġ 
˾պȻ˵Ҫ֤һ£𣿡 
˵Ҫ֤ɣҲûзԣ 
ٺߣԹԵ˾պȻȥȻɳԣ˾պȻͷڷҵ궯Ҳʱһŷһ潫Լѹ⡣ 
Ȼطɳԣ˾պȻһصͷ᰺ţ˫ѩ׵ķΣǰӭȥѹͷڷСѨϣ˷ӦſС췢˵ 
Ȼ㱣Ȼƾѣ֪˾պȻځع˾պȻǰͣƽһˣת;ķشرϣ˫³ĵ̾Ϣ˾պȻһ˫ָҸһԻԲ鷿΢΢ͦ谭ȥŪһ 
˾պȻǰͦβˮޱȣһһӾͲûСѨ˵มҪมáһ㡭ม˾պȻܲô壬š̡죬Ĵȫرɣ˽ؽһ 
˾պȻʼһǰһʶβҲҡӭţʱһĨ㯵ɵЦʱ[ۣʱշˮԻãôʱҲΧˡ 
˾պȻɿһһͣ÷ѹˣŶŶ˾պȻĽҺߡ 
жȾѣŲŲӾ滨ҲʴǣСѨõĿţˮй飬һθ߳ӹһʧȥάƵǵ 
˾պȻ֧Ԯסæ᲻Ĳλ룬ֻǷŤϧ̫ʪˣһСľ͡󡱵ػѵ˫˫䵽ĵձϡ 
˾պȻĴɲˣת˾պȻֽŽ˾պȻѹ£һڷȼҴܣҵСѨʱͶֱӹֵ֡ѽѽ𣬺һ߶ͦһ߱˴š 
˵СϹ١һ 
˾պȻޱȣ˾պȻбԣŲţֿʼ 
ţš 
˾պȻŵ˷ӣǵͷ۶˫ֽر˾պȻ˾պȻҵͷָʳָļвţַĺһ𵴡 
һƣһĿߣ˾պȻڿߵ˫ȣƴţһע⣬Ʒץִס˫֣ܣ׸ô 
˾պȻϣԽԽȱ߹ƶСѨȥѾˣͷһһ棬任ƣĳ˫ͬף˫ѹ˾պȻǰյ˾պȻȥǰҡηοʼŪĴŶ¾͡ӡش 
˾պȻݴͣȥˣ棬ſ˫֣ǰ󽻳˾պȻСʹϣĸһ@ļǰVVĿ 
˵ŶŶȥˡһ˵Բһ߻ѹ춰Ѵȫ°񣬲š˿ 
˾պȻɧ̬̼ðѳֲס밴͸һŸտʼͦ£æ˵Ҷ 
Сèһ˾պȻϣҡΣҲҪ˾պȻŪû뵽޶ԣԼมมš 
˵˵ƽֻ 
˾պȻ˱˻ԣ˫סƨɣݺݵʶСѨֱֱ͵÷ֻ̱ݴķݣ˵ϹҡҲᡭѽ㡭Ϲܲ˵ġ 
˾պȻͲ˵ʹʹ 
˵ˡŶࡡҡҡ񡭡Ҫˡ 
˾պȻĹͷصػӡӹԼ֪ǣӹһĲ˾պȻһС˱һСѨøøʹ죬ͣͣˡ 
ظ߳úܿ죺ŶŶˡมҲˡมġ 
ȫ죬ӹǽֱȻͻȻĵ˾պȻϣǰ˵Һð㰡Ϲ 
˾պȻĶǣż鶯һ㣬ͽŵץ˾պȻļ˵𶯣𶯣ϹҡҪ 
˾պȻȻ壬ҲһVV˾պȻ˵ҡ 
˾պȻͷòȥĥգҸ΢Цٰȵпϣ˾պȻ㱧˵Ұ㣡һ˫ֱڷѩ׵ḧڱĴδܰȻڷСѨ 
߳ķ춰״̬˾պȻʱİʮᣬܰĸоȻ˾պȻûκζСѨĴԲʱ̼ϻʮе⣬βȻİڶʹСѨһЩrĸоټ˾պȻһ˫鷿ͷмɵİ۵ֿ㷢 
Ŀٴδ̼ĹܣڶСѨȥŪ˾պȻĴɵ˾պȻ˫ֿĽĴߣʹ˫³ĵ̾ϢŽҺߡ 
ʢǰٴ΁Ľߵ˵Ϲҡ 
ʱ˾պȻҲ֪Ҫ˵СҪ㡱 
Ҳе˾պȻ˵Ϲ˵һȵǣšʱ˾պȻĴҲԷʪСѨʼ鶯Ҳܵ޵ˬ졣 
ܷڳԭʼϢһǿҵĴҩĴ߻һӿȵˮСѨڴ£ϲĿУǰһ˫͵ľਡ˶ٶº˾պȻŵĵձϣٿʼ鶯 
ţŶ˫Զ˾պȻСѨͦӭ˾պȻĳ壬ʱҰڶôӲͬĽǶȴ̼СѨǳ΢ֵĸоȫě_лΪʣˮԽԽ࣬ÿ³嶼ˡ̡Ϊ˾պȻࡣ 
˾պȻʼþǳһĲ巨ÿĲ붼÷УÿһжųĳˬѾԼ˭ֻеǴٵĳ͡ 
˾պȻеСѨһÿ嵽͸оһֻСҪѹͷסһһɹˮŴİγ˳ŹɹһԷ鷿Ҳ屻ײһǰӿٹٶ£˾պȻĴһʱһɹɹ̵ľҺ˷ӹ̵÷ͣز 
СѨ˿ҵԲϵ˱Ĵ˾պȻʹȥ˫ȽĹ˾պȻҲоͦͦ˾պȻĸֱСѨѾͣеĶſϰ˫ŷ¡ 
˾պȻڷĴһ£˵СӮˣ㵽˶ٴյ㣿 
ʱͨĶ㵽Ļ˵šûϹҲҲ塭 
˾պȻ˵Ϊô壿 
ߵ˵š˼ҡ˼ˡ 
˾պȻ˵ΪôǺû 
˵ҺǺãǻұûϹ 
˾պȻ˵ǺûǻϷСס 
һֵǣ˾պȻСѨ󣬷ƿ˵СϹȥûˡ 
˾պȻȥΣһǻƻ貢壬߻طڼһ˿ҵķںĵձϣ˾պȻʰ˵Сûˡֿ׺ɫ¿˵ԸУ 
˾պȻ淮񴩻·ʱһ˵˼Ǵ㿴ڴػŪv˼ϴ 
˾պȻ˵ǾҪߵԡң㲻𣿡 
˵㿴ûˣҪҵԡҡ 
˾պȻ㱧𷮱ֱ߳ȥԡңǱŷ߱ݲŵԡңʱͨ˵Ҳ֪㵽 
˾պȻ˵ղѸһ˿ȫ 
޳ʱ˾պȻְο˵Ҿǻˡ 
ΪЦ˵Ļ˵Ϲ˼ң]Ժѹ·ǿ飬ôҵĻˣҲֵõġ 
ԡַһܰСʱ˾պȻűһ˿ҵķط¡ 
ǣֵĵеļ




    41Ұ 

˾պȻͷݳģмյҹ˴Ȼ̵СƷĵر࣬һס˾պȻһӣһӣȻҲûôջ񣬵ܵǹֵȤ 
һİĵط»ˣ㴩һTһȹһɫİñӣгΡһ˫޳ȺŮķ飬һ·Ϸһֹס˾պȻۣ§ؿϣֱѹ鹵ɡŮҰޡʰ·wĽĿ⡣ 
˾պȻͷ߱ÿ䣬ҵطţߵһ̩ʱ˾պȻͷȻǵѧw񣬹ɴ˿ʼ 
wҵʮ죬˾պȻеϵΪwʱһزչ˾ϰ࣬⹫˾˾պȻְֵĵزչ˾ҵϵĺϵ˾պȻͳwҲкԽΪ졣 
˾պȻϴηһŮҹ֣߻ؼ磬ȻҲ˹飬Ϊ֦ڣwܷ˵Ƿҵδޡһһ죬ҲеȻδ޵⻷½еΣҲе˾պȻӡ 
⻷ż£˾պȻͷԼwһ̩ţʱҲǻζŴѧػתزϣ˾պȻͳw̸۵ȫҲϣֻôһЩһϲͨ⣬Һ˾պȻҲ⵽ģŷʾο 
ĵ£w񴩵ĺ࣬Ůľ̬ɴչŮ̬ǾԼȻҲ⣬ʵòķȷȳw@ʱֽõ˾պȻͳwĹϵϣʱҲֻ뵽ѧѧܹϵ뵽wҵϵĽӴ˾պȻͽϳw񣬶ζɼҲ˾պȻ˻ˡһܳıʹ˵ 
뵽˴⣬忿˾պȻֱϣwʾ˾պȻĹϵ˾պȻוΪʱҲΪ⣬ҲµĴ⣬ͳwϣʹԷٺ˼롣 
һҹŲСʱw˾պȻ̬ȺͲƵĿ⣬Ҳ˼谭˾պȻͷ¶ᡣ 
ź˾պȻͷڹһżݳȥǷرʱ˾պȻ˵ϹҺۣҪ㱳ȥ 
˾պȻȻҲ飬㱳ŷ߻رһһʱȻһ߲·ĸоΪеϱһ˫ѹţ˫ֱԲΣһůĸо 
ݺ˾պȻ£漴תһ뻳˵СղڲʱǷ˼Щô 
˾պȻ˵ڲʱ⣬ֲϣֻ˵к˼룡 
˾պȻڷСһ£Žϣһ˫߹ͷһ֣ãһֻּȥ⿪ȹͷťۣ˵ô 
˾պȻҲûͣһȥⷮȹͷťۣһ˵ֻ֪Ϊô˼롣 
˵ûСЩſҡ˵ĶȹťѸ˾պȻȫ⿪ȹ˳Ȼϣ¶ɫ˿ͨڿ㼰һ˫޳ȡ 
˾պȻſһ˫֣˵ڿ˵𣿡һ˫뷮TڣTƸߣֱTȥ 
ʱϾֻʣһװɫ˿ͨ¿㣬ʵȥϵҪ˾պȻһ˫쵽ϵĿʱֻ˵˵ˡ˼ֻЩ·ˣҪ˵ 
ǣ˾պȻ㱧Բ˷ȥ˵˷ҲӲڷѩ׵ϣϸزΪһ˫۵ֻñ˾պƵͷȻһɷز͸˾պȻƷ 
˷˾պȻŽڴϣԱ˾պƵͷɴߵ˷Ķ̶·;ϣܲס˾պȻڵֽȼ˵Ū˼ң˼˵ 
˾պȻԼز˾պȻ˵˵ɣһģ˵ж˫ָȥŪһ˫飬Ǻýղڲʱ˵ 
˾պȻ˵ӣӵ㹻Ҳ˴㣬޿ɴģӣ˵ɷز硢۾ֱǡ 
ʼ˵ˡ˼ҡšô˵ˡ㻹Ҫšô 
˾պȻ˵㡣 
˵š˼Ҳšܡաš 
˾պȻϷӣʱԹԵ࣬һӱ㼺ʲһ𣬲һཻҺٵ˾պȻ⿪ʱҲͣ˾պȻİһ˫顣 
˾պȻһ਷ߵͷһ߰飬˾պȻѴԽڿ׾ʪСѨ񻹰˫Ⱥ󿪣ָСѨš 
еĲλʱȫ˾պȻ׾ݣʵ׼˾պȻУ˾պȻڿҲѵʱ˾պȻ绰ͻȻ˾պȻ㲻Ը½ӶɧȴӺ˾պȻ 
˾պȻһתڷһ£˵Сǳwĵ绰ǹһЩһܿ㡣ڷһ²ߵ鷿ͳw飻ֻڷ 
ڰСʱ˾պȻ˷Ѵ·ϲ__һ׻ɫƱȼӾڷ˾պȻ˵СӾ¸㷢ˣԭҲ͸㣬ҲӾ£ûóȻ㷢֣ϲ𣿡Ӿԭ˾պȻζɼΪ淮׼ģҲӾ£Աø񣬵ڷԡʱ˾պȻз֣뵽Ӿ͸wʱڵ绰⣬ηĴ⣬ԣ㷿__ĵ˾պȻ 
Ҳ˵㽫˾պȻƳ⣬˵Ӿ͸ѧˡ˵ֽӾĻϷš 
˾պȻߵͷڷ˼ǰֻǷСۣԼûȽϷ·պã׼ֻ϶̿ߵķ 
ʱδ˯ڴϿ飬˵㴩ôȥѧ˰ɣҪڳȥϢ˵ͷ˯ 
˾պȻߵϴŷıڴϣһ㿴ͨ˾պȻǷһο˾պȻŭݣ˾պȻߵ˵ҪϢҪ˵ſϢ 
ҲϾʹ˵ұ㷵Ǵ 
˾պȻ˵ǿнϵ˯ȹּڿȫѵȻҲڼԸ£Ǳ˾պȻѵó˾պȻֱΪŵ÷ҷһԣҺ÷ûˣֻЩطʹ 
˾պȻ˵뿪ҡŽķŵϴߣ뿪ʱŽͷʵòòκ·ûб淨뿪һ·ϷķmͣĴ˾պȻϣ粻ᷮķ 
˿ͷ˾պȻһףһ޵ĴϲûˣҪʱ˾պȻٽڴϣʱ˾պȻһְСףֲ֮ܺУ˾պȻŭȻ˵С֪֪Ұ֪֪жôҪڶ˵ѧֻϺĽ飬Һûκβɸ˵£ȻңҪúüס˵¶̿㣬ĴСѨϣ׼ǿв롣 
˾պȻĴֱҲĻţһʱҲһԣҲֻñ˫۾˾պȻġ׸һᣬֻе˾պȻĴһֱֻԼСѨδٽһе˾պȻѹԼϲţ˾պȻĶ˵СȻС۴ںܷŭҲܺĵȥ˺㣬ֻ՚aԼĴ⡣ 
ȻǼ̵ļ˵׵˾պȻΪ룬ҲŲ˺ģҲԼȷһ㣬˼ǰ˾պȻ˵ϹֻǿŮһұ뵽ǵĹϵҴӦҾ淨ȥҵСԸ񡣡 
˾պȻ˵˵ɽ׸ģƣҪıԸ̸κף 
˵ǲҷ֣ 
˾պȻ˵ʼҲûֻ֣՚aԼĴ⡣Ҳһʱ嶯ҲûҪ˺㡣ϣԺҲٷЩ¼һ죬Ҳ̲סʱ˺㣬ʱұ޴ѷ 
˵ϹŪôҲҵȱ㣬ҴӽԺúüţСۣҰķԸңҪһ㡣 
˾պȻ˵ҪҰķԸ㣬ҪᣬС㣡Ͳˡ 
˵㲻ҰķңһᱻøҰʱϲ뿪ҡ 
˾պȻ˵ôСۣôҰҶᾡãøҰ 
˵Ϲ㲻Ҫ̫ңҰķҡ 
˾պȻ˵ѵġҴֱһ㣬ұ^Ū㣡 
˾պȻչʾһ˫˵㿴ղŴֱ׽ʱŪڻһЩʹ 
˾պȻ˵㣿 
˵Ը⽫ҵ彻㣬㲻ҪŪ˻Ūʹҡ 
˾պȻһ˵СֻҪҲŪ˻Ūʹ㣬ôҲӦ 
ߵĵͷ˵úһ˵һ˫۵ֻñ˾պƵͷԹԵǣСװ;ʵʵ˾պȻĴϣһŨҵζϮľ״ѾĴ˱ţǸͷҲһȥѷ˿һͷװڶţͷŪţװĽҺҲ 
˾պȻһһ߽񱳱Ѳڻƻǰڷظϣ鷿࣬ȫԾԸֺ࣬࣬춷Ҳ֪˾պȻһ˿˿͸Ծˡ 
˾պȻϵ¶ӡ鷿ϣоֱôأҪҲ˾պȻҲġס֣뽫ƿʹֻҪƶһˣһ 
Ȼͼ˾պȻħǰţ˾պȻԶһ㣬պֻ붯ͷ 
˾պȻħҲƾֹ鷿ָ֓෮ͷһͷͺܿӲ¸ӿˮɿȻŤΣ˾պȻĴϣôڷĹɹСֵ˾պȻ账ץסĴſȣн֮䣬ٳʪ۵ء 
鷿˾պȻţҵŪζȻŴĴȽסţȥѹ̵СѨæ˰죬ԼԴããȻؿھȣ㡣ʣ˾պȻĴеĵĵطģʵںãԽͦͻ̵øһЩԲϵĿ顣 
һֱˮһֱԴԴڳµĴʪòͳ˾պȻȡ鲻Խ˵ϹܲҪ㡭 
˾պȻһ£˵ķ㲻Ū˻Ūʹ㣬ԼŪһ㡣 
Թ˵ϹᡭЩҡſȣһֻѴȥסǸӲ̴ͷǣԼѳСѨڣѸ͵ؽ˽ȥ 
ٰ˫ȺϽĵҡԼеʮãϵǰڶĹͷڣҲ 
Ҫ봹ۣ˫ͶһĳɢȫزסһѨ۶Ҳˮһй˾պȻ 
˾պȻ˵𣿡һ˵һ߼ִŪһ˫顣 
鷿˾պȻŪţ鷿Ůеĵط֮һ˵ᡭҲ˼ҡ 
˾պȻ˵ҪҲŪ˻Ūʹ㣬ǳȫ𣿡 
Թ˵˼ұˣ˵Ҫߡ 
˾պȻŷ˵е·ҲҲӲˣ߳ȥ 
˵СԤıϷŪҡ 
˾պȻ˵ǲԽСߡҽҪ㣬ӳݡ 
˵СҰ˭˼ϲעҸĥ 
˾պȻ˵ĥ㣬㻹˵ĴڷСѨỺĳš 
춸߳չСѨڻʮУ˵šᡭС˼Ҳϲš˼Һ࡭㻹úΡСۡȱ㡭šҡӭϴͣϵ鷿˾պȻŪ͡ 
еĵط˾պȻУ˾պȻͰºŷһȵˮһйһθ߳ 
˾պȻ˵𣿡 
ߵĵͷ˵Ϲ˼ԺҲСۡ˯ 
˾պȻ˵ֻҪҲСۣҪôҲᾡӦ㡣 
һǺ˱һ˯ 
ĳ⣬һ˿˿˽ȫŮ񻺻תĽ˾պȻȻ˾պȻδ޵ĹϵҲϰڴĴߣҲû·ɴֻϷҹ˾պȻԭ͸ĻɫƱȼӾ£ε𴲣ڷѰз·滻ԸΥӾºԡ· 
´ʱ˾պȻѹĴѰ·ЦǱڴ̬󷮱ڱѡ¶Ӿ㣬ǰţͻȻ˾պȻһ㽿˵Сû˼·۵ҳڻ˼ң 
˾պȻصǸ˵С񣡶ԲҲԣֻ㴩Ӿ¡ΪϱȼӾµΧȻڹٲֱ˾պȻַ 
鷿˾պȻ֮УۺСɵͷͦķӲǸӾվڻԲ鷿ϣ˾պȻϣһ˫Ӿһ飬еСѨֿʼʪ˵С˼һܲˡ 
˾պȻԼţǽ˵˵˭ˣһڽ¶ 
΢΢̧ͷ˵𣿡 
˾պȻһڱӣСףŷǡƿ˵˼Ҫȥϴ 
˾պȻͻ룬˵Ҵȥһطһϴɣ˵㴩ض̿ŷӾء 
˵ϴ 
˾պȻ˵Ӿһϴһ˶˵ﳩӾ 
˾պȻһᣬվӾԣڳԣһųرߣһʪܵ̽˵Сɣ 
Ҳֻø˾պȻһڳﳩӾ˾պȻһӾˣڻɫȼӾµĳ£ϸ֫ӯŵظʵСԲ̣ļӾܵ˸ԣһȽĿΪ֮ѣ˾պȻһҲʱˮչȫġ޿Ұ޴ַ 
˵СҪ˿ 
˾պȻ˵Ҳ˿ 
һ÷ȭһ˵ǲҲŮ棬֪һС 
˾պȻԷС۵ָҲӦһ˫ֱŷͷһС˵ȥʱҲƿֵвֻúͷˮһʲһ˾պȻҲ˳ӱӾԣҲ˻ͳ 
Ҳƽ˾պȻһתߣϧӲ˾պȻħƣӾµѣһ˫أ˾պȻӺţڷķϣ˵һֱҲңҪúüŽ㣡ҿԷģŮȫ޹ϵֻᰮһ˵ץһ˫飬ֳӾ㣬־һ˾պȻĶͺ󾱡 
ӾڳƮţȴһ˿ң˾պȻ衱˾պȻһŪ鷿һ˵СҰ㣡ʱҲе㾪ʧ룬ˮظسֻ˾պȻڲһ˫ҲʼӲʵСѨˮٷѿʼ˾պȻġ衱 
СѨʱ˾պȻִֵĴһûСѨУʱ˾պȻѺͣؿʼӺҳ÷겻壬жϳɶ϶ʮ£ѵ˸߳˶£ֻʣԭʼҰĶĦˮ 
˾պȻٳһˮܵĴ𷮱ӾԣһھڷˮѵСѨϡ˾պȻʱҪֹȻ˾պȻȴѾˡĿУҲˣˡһһúܸˣˮһһͣͷȥŷ٣ܲ˵𡭡ŪҡˡܲˡϹɡ 
˾պȻƷ壬ĻԲβ˵ 
U˿޿κεعſӾԣԲθ߸ߵ֮£Եüѩ׹Ө 
˾պȻڷκ˫ַķΣżӲ̵ĴزСѨУһˮСѨһ౻Ūʪ˷Ƭë 
˾պȻһһҵײŷβ˫סſ´ķ鷿ʹǷ鷿ӵرͣŷǰ㲻ͣػζ˾պȻ˫ּܡ 
񽿴鲻Խ̫ˡ̫ܲˡมมؿʼϴĳƵƵͦΣ鼤֮յзڳˮʹ˾պȻĴͬݽһƬܼе֮У֮ÿһͱ㷢ˡߴߴ 
ͻȻ𣬷ָ˾պȻزתͷξҵҡڻζϹɡ̫ˡҪˡҪˡϹɡҪҡҵؾţ鷿ǰѣѩ׵ļϣ㺹ܡ 
һ߸߽һܵķоˣ˾պȻͦ؁صĳдǿҵİ⣬ɵ÷סģƫְɷͻ淨ģȴ졢ֻܽĵغţǿһȫС 
˾պȻ˫ŷ鷿һԷ鷿Űж״貿͵ضʣžžײԽԽң£˿߽УϹɡɡҪˡѾˡ߽֮㵽˸߳ķӾԣʱָҲ붯 
˾պȻֽƷţļ͸죬鷿ź鷿ϵٸڸ߳չԵ÷̺죬˾պȻɫ˷һһԷ鷿ſµСѨһڷСѨϣͷȥ١ 
ͱŪû߳չʮУһͷʱֱ߶𴺳ŭ˾ͺԼһ㣬ֻδˮ_ˢȫ˾պȻځѣӾУһһĻ򣬡 
һֿҰ˷˫Ҳвˣߴ˾պȻ÷Ĵ󶯣鲻ԽطӭĴͣŮ黳鲻Խȥ߳ܣѱ˾պȻځѣߵӾԣһ˫ķֿ˾պȻ˫ַסؽͦ˽ȥһǿҵ޿ɶƵĿеʱ˷ȫһ嶯֮£öĴϢ䣬ٴĻ֮С 
˾պȻô״ڷ͵ͦطӦţ˾պȻĽඥͦţֵܿ˸߳ˮй˳еָ泩̱㷢ɢգĵԸӣ 
˾պȻ˫ŷ鷿ײŷСѨȻʧҲ֪߳˶ٱ飬й˶ˮСѨĴԽԽͣ˾պȻһͦһֱӹܸķҺˮйһ̲ 
º˾պȻųķѱ˾պȻŪ֫˿ḧһƾ׸˾պȻһֱһ޹ǵĳ壬Ӿȥ˳ĽˮУ˾պȻЦ˵Сǵý𣿡 
һһ˾պȻ⻷찮Щ찮ȷʵΪǰδд̼оŮߵòһش˾պȻֻ˾պȻĻϵҪλ壬ⴺй 
˾պȻз°ͣ˴ĳˮܽرһ˫ĿС΢ţ̲סӣСףҲֻóţ󷮱ƿߵ˵СҪˡ 
˾պȻ˵ṻҪԺҲҪ㡣 
˵ԺҲ֪۸ң 
˾պȻ˵ԺҲһע㡣 
˵С֪Сۣͽң˼ұô˿ҪԺ 
˾պȻ˵ǲ㱣֤۱Ҳҵ崾Сʹ 
˵Сֻƭң˼СʹҲô·˵ƿ˾պȻȥȡӾ¡ 
˾պȻǰְѷӵţ˵СͿԭң𣿡 
˵ԭҲԣҪӦ 
˾պȻҲӦ˵һҪ༸Ӿ¸ңڶԺ㲻ô˼Ӿ 
˾պȻϸ˵ϲӾеϧ 
˵Сϴ˼Ӿʱʱ 
˾պȻ˵ʱô 
ߵ˵ʱҪҲ 
˾պȻ֪ϷŪǰһ׼λãѹͷ˾պȻ˳һͦȫ˽ȥ˫ָβˮеĸ׵ذ𣺡СʹҲƭˣ˵Ҫá 
˫Χӣ˫Ȧס˾պȻ֫ߵ˵СʹСֻСΪ 
˾պȻ˵Сβʹ 
˵СʹֻСػ;˵㿪ʼ°ڶȥŪ˾պȻ漴ʼϳ̣ʱ룬ǼֱWӹ 
һֳͺ󣬷Ҳ֪˶ٻأֻ֪߳һ˽һˣֱ˾պȻٴνҺעӹ޷վȣ˾պȻسرߡ 
ع󣬷Ҳ˳һ˿Ҹ˾պȻص 
죬ڴֻ˾պȻļױȼӾ£ûһ˾պȻӾﳩӾ 
Ϻ󣬷СԸȷ˲٣˵ĸҲ٣Ҳ˾պȻԹ˵ڱʱҰ۸ΪСҲֵõġ




    42 

ٺ󣬻һδҶӱʫͷסľƵ귿۾ɣ˾۾⣬뻹һΪļٶһߡ 
ʱҶӱʫͷҲ󲻾þ˻顢ֻˡСʵŮǴס¼ҪĻϿʼ˵ĳֵŮ򵱲μ󣬲֪ΪξҪмѧָͶŵһѧУʱĳҲתУǼе飬һٿధ£ټҲסٺתУŵͬһѧУͶ 
ʱΪŵҲô⣬ԸΥ侭ŵַӡС㡱ɫŵʱҲãδԼŵ̲סбΪǵս˱һЩСϾ뵣ĵƾֱŵʵǰŵΪĸҲ֪ԣԽξ۾ֻӱʵ 
ҶӱʫͷκҶ˵ҪֹҲûа취һ˳ȻɣҾŮҲһЩơ 
˵ƣ 
Ҷ˵ҲϲͬѧǵĻͬѧչΪ£ҺͰһʱ㲻õŵеĶˣŮҲ»ƭӡ 
˵˵ȥԽԽ£һŵͬӣһСŪ˶ӣʱҸ֪Ǻá 
ӱʫ˵룡㲻Ҫ˵Ƚб㲻Ū˶ӡ 
ҶͺӱʫԽ˵Խ뵣ģҲ̲ס˵ǲҪ˵˵ŮҲһϲŵУҾϲŵУŵеδϲãҲֹʱȥȥǲҪ 
˷һοŷ˵ķʱС˵һͨҺСοҡ 
Ҷ˵СǺˣҺʫʫС˵ͺӱʫϢǱ㽫ڴϣӱʫ˵Ҫֳֻ˵ҺͿС 
˵ǿЩſ˼ңȾңķſҡ 
ܵŵһµţڿͺӱʫϷŪȻԷһ㣬Ҳ˷һԼıŷһ£˵Ҳ뿴ֳʱ龰 
ҶͺӱʫΪŰ£·һһı£ֱһ˿ң˫ֺȱǰһʱ֮䶯ãҶһѿʼַСѨ˫ҲŮԶŮеĵλҲʮ˽⣬Ⱥλոǡô񲻽һСѨķڳˮҶ֮䣬ʪȻͷСѨصţӱʫǰⲻϵͷһ鷿˫ص£̲ס 
š梣顢ᡭ梡ͷҡšеҪɵתΪ˽ʱһ˫ӣѹ˫ѸĿǻͷӭ䲻ϵķ˻ǵš 
ҶͷһŷһָֻϷһţʱ˵¶ҶװͽţƵ˺˱ҧСѨˮֱ֮ʣҶͷˮ£ǰһƣ̲ס³ԭСףѿڽһร 
ҶлϢţС񣡽ôԸ㣬ҪֳСɧ̬˵ҶͷӽԷĽͬ絽ȫѣˮйҪڴ˽С 
뾹ȻҲѹ·ڷͷ϶СѨľװͽţ񲻾˼Ȼ⣬̽СѨﹴڣѨﲻϵˮŪ÷ľ״ǾӨ͸ˮֻðڶͷϣŷͷβϵһǰһĻ״ϵĥ壬һС񣬺ҡСšһŨˮѨＤůˮ뷮ĿУֻεˮ䲻ϵ䶯ֱ̇صĺһ 
£ӱʫҲһ˿ҵϷͷϣСѨŷľװͣһüͷԹ˵˼ҸճСѨҲôＱϢһ²𣿡 
ӱʫЦ˵Ϣรһ˵꣬˫ֱŷͷʪСѨ״СѨߴŷ 
εķֻźӱʫСѨʱҶͻȻӽԷСѨĵĽУ̲סСѨͷ˽УŶŶááҡҪߡ߳ˡšˡ 
һˮˮйһ㣬йβͦĸ߸ߵģڲ಻ϵóزӾ磬вϵĺϷСѨӱʫѾ߳߶ʮһٶ£ڶ֦ŤβСѨھ״ĦšβҡڵĶӾ磬ӱʫһڶһԼ鷿˽вѣŶŶˡáҡš梡ҪйˡһŨˮ뷮ĿǻҲһ䶯̇ˮȺӱʫ뿪󣬷ֱºóร 
Ҷڷߣ˵СͳԱรҵ㻹ûҮ 
Ͻģ˵㣬ңһΰɣ 
˵꣬ҶȻװ˿ݣǻʳдˮһüһ߽ˮɸҶͷ뿪ͷʱ֮һ͸˿߰ˮҶģ˿ŷǳǳЦ˵ҪСǺǣ 
ʱҶղźӱʫĶ}һΣķһһٵˮĻرǺӱʫٴõһһεĸ߳ 
ҵϷ˿ɢǵ򷮱˵벻ƽʱ˹Сڿڼôɫ˼˰СǲǺͺȻϰöࣿ 
ߵ˵㣡㻹˵ϷŪ˼ңҾöԲȻ 
Ҷ˵ô治 
ûлشֻǺĵͷӱʫ˵ֲǺҽϵϵδ飬ӳǽô 
ߵ˵»ϲһ𣬲ϲȻ 
ı׺ϹЦЦ˵ϲǽһа취˵ǵȡˣһĳﳵŮɵԸƷ˵͸ǻԴǵʱǻ뵽𣿡 
ӱʫ˵㣡ûԴϹ 
˵ûԹܸǣ 
һߵ˵㣡¿ĳƷɲ͸ 
ɫɫŷ˵ҿպȻ;; 
Ҷ˵СĶ 
һ׺ߵͨ죬ӦԺ¿ĳƷ͸ǡ 
˵ҴӦǣң 
ӱʫ˵Ϊֻ 
ʱĵ绰ڴϽԭµ̸һ󣬾ḧԲΣһʹӱʫСḧһľٽŪֱܺ绰ߡ 
ӱʫûͣСѨȥʱ˵㣡ҽͺһͬӳǽɣ˵귮Ĺɼľ٣ľٱŪʪģ뿹ʱͻȻһ˺ѵĸоӿͷ뿴һָľ٣̲סáʹá㡭졭ס֡ءʹ 
ûס֣ӱʫһ쵽󣻶ҶҲս˫鷿ͬʱӣش̼£ͥԭʹʼоѾôʹһͦβӭϷָ壬ŮŪ̲ס߳ѨͬʱкصĴϢŸ߳һһɵˮҹڷżٷ˵ϷҲõǰδеĸо 
յѩ׵ʱŽ޵ϢǛ_ϴһùͺ󣬲뵽 
ϻҶӱʫͷһ֣Ǳ㷵˷Ĵѧ̸ 
Ҷ򷮱˵ҪҪȻ˵סǺӳǽ 
˵ֻ᲻Ͱ˵ 
Ҷ˵ҺͿż⣬ 
ӱʫ˵㻹˵ÿҲŪȥ 
Ҷ˵ССǷζζһΣ 
˵ûôš 
Ҷͺӱʫ򷮱˵һЩ뷿£ȻЩ¶ǵ˷Ȥſ飬һľ顣 
̸ʱĵ绰һԭ˾պȻԭ˾պȻڹ˾Ϲ̫ûԽԼ֣һӦ 
Ҷ֪ʶȤ˵ҲСȥˡ 
˵ǻЦ˼ң 
ӱʫ˵ǲЦˡЩȥ˾պȻǧҪҹ飬С꣬ʱˣҲ֪һɰС 
˵ǻ˵еùҶͺӱʫֻһһĵЦҶͺӱʫҲ̫ݣ춵Цһ󣬱ͷ뿪˴ѧᡣ 
˾պȻĵز˾ʱǼԹ˾ֻ˾պȻһˣ˾պȻİ칫æ춴ϵļΪڼںĽӹ׼ǷҲЭҲܽϵļ׵ 
˾պȻİ칫ϿŷΪʰļʱ⵽ʱһT һֻϥ˶㣬ԵഺˣҪ߿ԣѽһ뻳÷Ĵϡ 
˵С˿Щſң 
˾պȻ˵Ѹϣû˿Կ˵һѴӷĿͷֱСѨ 
ؼн˫ȣƴصֿ˾պȻָ룬Ҳ޲˾պȻѾסָţ걻Ū˾պȻŷĶǿʼķ۾ 
֪ԼӦѾ˾պȻ_һ˫ָ˾պȻĲӣбͷסԼ˾պȻ˫ȴѾ֪ȤԶչʾѷ˷ 
˾պȻָϮ㷮٣ĥ꣬ƬѾ󣬽εٲ˵ĵѪˮ籥¶󡣷ѾԽԽˣеҪȥȥ꣬ڷ»øһЩ͸һЩ 
֪Լһ߳ܵǣӶȴһδԹĳȸо 
มŶһߵ̵ĸоҲڿʲôƵġ 
ʱ˾պȻת˫Ĵϣ۾ͷߣСװ뿪°Ѿ״ӣΪſ˫˱ͷʱǵ췭أһᣬ˾պȻһѴӷıT ֱḧ񱳣һT ƶһֻ鷿 
һǻһסֱ̰˵С֣ͣ 
˾պȻֻȥôУƿûзֻתƽķת񱳺⿪ֵıۣ΢΢һһ˾պȻУ˾պȻֽT ƸߣҲðʱһڱϷ޵ͷ鷿֮УۺСɵͦķӲվڻԲ鷿ϣһһᴥţĴӦ⣬ⱻĥĸоϵĴɧ˵鷿ǰգһʵ 
ܵ˾պȻĳڿ㣬ֻһֱСѨȵָͣ٣ɧ 
пʼ½ѽĽֻѹúܵ͡Ŵľ޴Уĳʱ̻ͷ弤ҵس鴤鴤Ǳʶʱ·޷˼£ĸоӿԵв԰Σĩܹ˵Ŀ֣鷿ţ˾պȻ̼ѸɢȫԾ˳˾պȻĸ̧˫ȣһ߽ţһ߰Ĵ΢΢ſһһһ쨼Ŀˮӵʹ÷˾պȻҵĹ֮ˡ 
оǧֻڶҧţĸоʹÿҪˣ˾պȻҲ³ͳ 
˾պȻŷüͷ͵ЦЦֿŪӵ˵Ҫ㣿 
һ§˾պȻԴͷ˾պȻ֪ʱ򷮱ֻĴСѨУ춽˵˵ǲҪ 
ͻȻѩ׵ݽŵҧ촽ٵشϢţƴȫʲôеһ־ҵĿУɫҲ轻֯ɵУҲϡˣߵ˵Ҫ㡭Ҫ 
˾պȻ׷ţ˵ѽǲҪҪǲ˵ҾͲˡ 
ʱķȻ۾ǴСѨϮļȵĿȴǬɬĺƳġţһҲʹԼɺŸ޼ˡ 
˵ôɣ̫ 
˾պȻ˵Ҫ˵˵ҪҰɣ 
ͿҪ޳˵Ҫҡ˵ڡ 
˾պȻ˵˵ 
ȫȻһ󶶶ɤ˵졭졭ɣ 
˾պȻٺЦţ˵ô 
˵ҡ 
˾պȻĵʣ 
Ƶ˵ĴҵġСѨᡭ 
˾պȻ˵ҿɾˣſһɣ 
ǷſĴȣԼʪܵСѨ׼˾պȻĴڵֻҪһԼ壬ƽԼӿ 
˾պȻŷϸ֫һְķյĴȱ߷ֿס 
˾պȻŲĴǰѹͷڷʪܵСѨĥŷѾ𤻬ҺСѨȻĴ׼СѨһ壬ôֱӽ뷮ʪȵСѨֻ󡱵һ˾պȻǰһбһŤʮ˳زůСѨ 
ؿԼ˾պȻֻġǽӡ͵ǶĲ 
ǿĳ÷Ӷһҵز˼£ͷ͵һ¶ϸĲӣ򷢳һƳ 
ǰ˾պȻؾţ֫˾պȻֱ۽޷ʶӱһŹ۵ĴҲԾز˾պȻ 
ŶͬʱԾشӺųһܻӭĿοҲԽĽԼT ҲѵıֱһĻߡǻȵĴײСѨֻº˾պȻ찮еһʵĸо 
խȫͨ˾պȻƽоǰġůģѨĹͷ͵ضڷӹľϡֻоعסؿһ˷ܵ 
˾պȻĴڷʪСѨﲻͣسͣСѨڵסͣĴ˳ŶˮСѨںʹ紦խһһ¼ʪ˷Сɵľš 
˫ٵľĦڴĵ״̬±˾պȻȥܿͳֳ߳״̬СѨˮֱ߳زס˾պȻ壬СıץţָݽСءвݡ˾պȻĳ鶯崦ҵˮڷСѨʶʱس忪е١ 
˾պȻ˹ԻĽȻԵõسţáǳһÿγҪγͷȻٰѹͷСѨѸһ֮ϱ˳Ŵκ͵һ嵽סСѨպˮֻˮ˳ţײֳһƬ 
˾պȻһһµĳ̣һɽһɵ͵Уһ´ըֵƬɱȫѽһĸ߳ˡ 
˵㡭һŶ㡭Ѿȫ־ˡ 
˾պȻɲĳƨһͦһѩķοʼĳ鶯ǰµͦţӭĳͲתײžž󡢹󡱵Ļ˶ڷͣ 
˾պȻһ߳ŷСѨһȴеԵ鷿һַſ鷿ҡҡλΡ 
˴Լʮӣ˾պȻŵ湤ϣٰȾʹСѨȫ϶ſţزڷ 
𽥵˾պȻĳʹӡǳһΪǳһֱΪǳһǳһ˱ϢļأձǳоԼСѨһֻ޴󡢼ӲȵĴţһδεش̵ĵ춥ԼĺڣоǾ޴ֿɰĴ 
һ΢궯Ǽ׵Ĵ̼ʹ޷Լ_ӹΧʹ泩á˫ֽץס˾պȻļ治ͣذѷӭϹʵж˷ܡȫ⻬Ƥʼˡ 
Ҫ˰ᡭķδʱޱسڲͣ䣬ӳʱʵܡѾһ巺ϼκ죬ң 
˾պȻŷȻʱͦεĴǲڡڵůʪ 
·һӱǿҵ߳ʶ˾պȻʶһһµѸţѩ׵αžž죡˾պȻо˷ܣαøǻСһӿ˰ڶķȣʹĦ𲽼Ӿ磬ѴСѨײе٣˫Ŀڲͣ 
سŷʪ֮ٽϵøӽܣĦøңĸ룬ǹͷϵε÷ڱڣǿҵĿУ󣡹󣡡졣 
ٴκг飬ƮƮģ˫ʶؽ˾պȻֱۣԾͦССѨĴӭϡѾŪȸ߳ˣǰһԷ鷿˾պȻĴǰҵػζš˾պȻȥŷͣζ鷿ͷһҵҧ鷿СɽƵİͷΣۺɫѴСͷӲӲֵòͻ˫ش̼ʹ÷һ˸߳Ķ㡣 
ֻԴһƬհףȫĸо񾭶е⼸ϣܵķӦѸٳ֣ԽԽǿңϵٺӿŬͦͷԽ߳ߵ㣬ڲͣץ˾պȻֱۣ߾ȫͦ𣬷·Ҫ˾պȻԶһ塣˾պȻ£ɢҵͷͷ࣬ͦ鷿߸ǣҵǰζţӭ˾պȻĳ̡ 
˾պȻ弸º󣬰γĽſڰ칫ϣٰǿѩ׷ķΣӺѴһβСѨһֽסʼһֵĳ壬˾պȻǰƶһԷҲйɵǰζʮˡ˾պȻڷ۵㱳ϣ˫ץסǰͣζļͦ鷿ţϳ塣 
ѩ׵ָץߣϸ˫üһԸе촽΢ţĳͿз˵ 
˾պȻͣٶȰγʪܵĴѷ巭泯ڰ칫ϣͦŴСѨÿһγ嶼ȫˣÿһβ붼ײӹ˾պȻظܵ۵ڶԴİΧ䶯ʹ̼رǵСѨʱ۵СιŹͷޱȡ 
̯ڰ칫ϣ˫ſţ˾պȻйԭʼʵĳҵزţ˵ˡ 
˾պȻһŷ֬۵ĴȣһôŷСѨֵܺͷ찮ĿС 
һ˾պȻӿβʶƵʣӼ٣ӿٵڷСѨͣͷɢڰ칫ϲͣҡڣ״εصͽţҪ˰ѽѽޡޡð 
ɹˮԽԽ࣬ͷţ״ʪʺ΢΢ſʲֹˡ군ˡŰʼס˾պȻĴԽԽÿһ¶һĵؼ׵ȫ 
˾պȻһ˫ֽס˫ΣŬѴĲСѨ춸߳ķʪǣ绨§˾պȻͷҲز춣س˼Σ͵ذѴֱ뷮СѨ齫ľҺעӹ 
˾պȻ侫ʱȫһǿҵĲȫڳźϵķȺƵʸˣֻСץ˾պȻƨɣָ׼ץӤһҪ˾պȻѪҺҲҪƵģ˾պȻľҺȫӹ 
ʱ򷮱оԼڻˣԼĺҲȻ䱻ҺҭţȻ˵ۣ죬ٵشϢţҲͣزȻֱ֮ͦ壬ֹͣ˺˼ŷһѹֵֻһġܵԸ߳ļС 
º˾պȻ㷮ḧĽ˵Со𣿡 
һۣ˵㻹˵ƭ˼ǿ飡 
˾պȻ˵㻹һ𣿡 
㵽Ļ˵СȻԡ 
˾պȻ˵һΡ 
Ķϸ˵ԺһȡЩұ㵽㣬ʱʱֿڸ㡭񡣡 
˾պȻ˵˵𣿡 
ߵĵͷ˵СҿҪˡ޷˵ȥСѸ˾պȻϣֲһ 
һֵǺ˾պȻŷſ˵ҪԺÿҲŶ˯ 
Ҳ˾պȻָһͬӣʼջδĹϵеΪ𲻳˾պȻҲ룬˵ǿ]飬źһ㲻ùǰɣ 
ĵ˵ʱ»δҵѸŪ˶ӡ 
˾պȻ˵ˣʱ˫ϲš 
ƿ˵ԭֻΪӡ 
˾պȻְ˵ˣԺҲҳһһ 
ߵ˵Ŵӽʼ֪СٴΣ 
˾պȻ㱧𷮱˵Сڱȥʰᵽ 
ʱ˾պȻĴٴβ˵뻵Ҳ˾պȻĸǰСΪŪǸմˮ;ҺĴ˾պȻü˵ƴҲ춽ܡ 
С׺ס˴ףŪţһָŪңһŪͣһһµ˾պȻ泩ޱȣ˾պȻС׺˫ִķ˾պȻҲͦס˳עСףҺ¶ȥٺסƣĴ˱һ 
Ϻ󣬷³˵Сɣ 
˾պȻҲûлش𣬽СϡºΪ񴩻·˲뿪˾ 
ԭ˾պȻٷ˵ġӡ¼Ҳ²ȻӦͬӣķչҲٶ룬ֻ֪˾պȻǶٷݰٵİĽ




43 

ֵܿ˴ϦҶͺӱʫһĴѧĴϦ̵Ļ䣬ΪԲһεġ𡱡 
ĿѧǰѾƻãʱֿ׼ıҵԣΪô㣬ԭҶӱʫֿһҲֻýܣʵҲҶӱʫ񿪣ÿһʱܲסջͻһʴֻʹǷֿϰ 
һ죬ȰźҶӱʫһ͵Ĳһٷḻͺ󣬱㵽ȫĹ㳡Ⱥӭµһ١ 
ʱһһعȥҪҹʱǵ漴ǣҶͺӱʫܵգҹʮʱǵߍoҶͺӱʫǵһ£ʾǿҪֱ¡ 
ݳǻءᡱʱҶͺӱʫԵеʧ䣬ֱᡱ¥ʱҪһ𲴳ȡЩʱۡ 
ó˵λС㣡ǿ¥ɣ 
Ҷͺӱʫ´Ը³Ҷ˵Ϲһ󡣡 
ĵ²ߣ˵ô䣬ǲ𣿡 
ӱʫ˵Ǳ㲻£ 
jǱųᣬһ㽫νһ뻳ҶͺӱʫҲ˳ƵĿϣһҶ˵ϹɻǴ·һڳ¶޵龰 
ӱʫ˵ϹֿɻǴַô£ 
һֵҲ룬㽫Ǵεľһ飬˵ǻҪš˵ֱ㲻᲻صǵһ顣 
ҶͺӱʫţһУҶ΢΢ͦԸȥ鷿ӱʫϣĵ˵Сɫ˵㽫ӣϣǵs. 
Ҷ״˵СɫϹ㲻Ҫ𣿡 
ſӱʫҶ˵ɰСҲ 
Ҷ˵Ҳ˵˼ңҲ˵ӣСףҶǲǹԹԵš 
ԵĺӱʫͺӱʫǵȣɶĽ⿪ĿͷͳѷӲĴŪϸ³һҺ壬ſҶ˵ȥŲҽǾ͵ 
Ҷ˵Ʒ˵Ŀ±㺬ŴŪӱʫ״ҲʺҪսźΧ 
ʱҲ÷ʩΪеСײͣĴŹͷҶͺӱʫĽƵԼǰһܡ˱Ĺ񫣬Ҷͺӱʫ鷿ǾùͷһЩͷרֻùСƶٵ׶ҪϿ콫Ū 
ĴҶСţҶͺӱʫ鷿ȫɴɵľҺйҶУӱʫϸĵΪúǬ 
ҶߵҺ£״ҲôǵСʾм 
ǮΪ㷵ᣬҪϴ㿪ʼΪҶͺӱʫװҲϴϺҲ賿ʱ뷿Ҷϰɫ˿˯ȹŻԲӱʫʹϰɫһİɫ˯£ȻƱأӱʫȴٿť鹵֣ҲN. 
՚aһϣҶͺӱʫҲϰԵһ˫ϣʱ˵ǻҽǸ𣿡 
ӱʫ˵ҺͿ㣬֧¶ģΪǵĽŬеҸ 
Ҷ˵Һʫʫ֧㣬㲻ԳǲڵŮ졣 
˵һûѸе㣬ȥŮǲңһӭʱͻ顣 
Ҷһº˵Сɫǵ飬»ǿ顣 
˵һסջֱϲżǡ˵һ˫ֱҶͺӱʫ鷿һ£Ҷͺӱʫᡱɫǡһ˫׽š 
ӱʫ˵СɫϹҲǣ˭Ļѻ 
˵ֱ֤Ҳʼв졣 
ӱʫ˵ҲҺһġ 
˵ģ 
ӱʫ˵ֻܼҪǵջ󣬾Ӯ 
˵Ӯ 
ӱʫ˵ʱһؽƷҶ˵ͬ𣿡 
Ҷ˵Ҳ޳ɡѵϹɧǣ԰˯˵Ǳϴȥ˯ 
ͺӱʫҲϴȥ˯һᣬӱʫ˵ϹҲϰ˯ 
Ҷ˵Ҳǣ 
˵ 
ӱʫ˵ϹÿҲѵùѣڲϰ· 
Ҷ˵ҪϹѹǵ·˯ 
һʱӦӱʫҲһ˫ֵǰҶҲӺһıĶϸ˵ϹЩɣ 
㽫ҶǰҶҲځѣܿһ˿ҡ 
ӱʫͷزϣ˵ϹҪ 
ǰֻǺӱʫİɫ˯£˵ôҲ 
ӱʫ˵ɣ 
ƾָнӱʫİɫ˯µٽºӱʫʱӱʫһŽ޵ͷ͵ľϣҲֻһ±ȥڿ㣬ӱʫƿڴԲķ˵Ϲɣ 
ԼڿΪ˴ľֻסջӱʫСڿ԰ĿʽºӱʫСڿʱͷڿСѨλմһЩˮҲӱʫСѨϴʪ󣬱֪Сӷ顣 
ͽӱʫҶƽڴϣ˯Ůм䣬ϱӺŮڻǵ˵ǱҪߣ˯ɣ 
ӱʫ˺󣬱㽫ƿת񱳱Ҳ׺ӱʫ˼Ҳ뿪ǰһĽӦ˺ӱʫĴģֻ՚a飬ӱʫ䵭ĶԴʱҶϸ˵һתӺźӱʫ˵ţ㲻𣿡˵һ˫ɺӱʫƵ鷿ء 
ӱʫһƿһ˫֣ƽ˵ûЩſң 
һ˫Ҳӱʫķȫһ˫ԁף뻳ڣָͣŪӱʫͷĶԱǱ˵ǲ 
ӱʫͷУͷеĲλСѨҲˮС׷Ľ˵šǡҡšԼšȥ˯š 
һ㽫ӱʫѹ棬˵ţ֪ҪŲ˵ǰһڱͷһ˫ҲûںӱʫĴḧָӱʫСѨʱСѨʮʪָں谭£ҸͣĴ̼ӱʫ٣ӱʫˮ 
ӱʫСҲֻǷ˵ϹᰡСֻܷΪǣ뻶ľ磻źӱʫļ٣еĽҲ鴤ƴСѨйůˮ֪ӱʫˡ 
һƽ˵ţھ 
ӱʫߵ˵ᣡˣ㻹ſңѹ𣿡 
˵·֮Ļߡ 
ӱʫ˵ҴӦ㲻߱ǡ 
Ӧѹסźӱʫתϣһ˫ָźӱʫţһ˫ţһȵĴҲСӱʫߵ˵㻹ſңķȴڡſСѨȥӭϴ 
֪ӱʫַɧǽ׼СѨ󣬱һʪ磬ֱȫûӱʫͬʱҲء 
˵ţںͬʱҲ߿ 
ӱʫһۣ˵ϹᰡҴ˯͵͵߿ܽ 
Ҳ˵ôô϶˼£ʱӱʫ˵㻹Ҳ߿ 
ӱʫ˵һᡭ߿ 
㿪ʼôӱʫ߳չСѨеСѨ̼ܵӱʫһβ߳СҲֻܷ 
˰ºӱʫСѨֿʼɵĳ鴤ͻȻͣƼҵĺӱʫһʱߵ˵ϹҪͣڷβ滺ϵ 
˵㻹᲻߿ 
ӱʫ˵Ҳᡭ߿㡭 
޶ԣӱʫҲ˵Ҫ㡭ҡšҪ㡭ѽҲš塭ѽ˯ǡѽġ 
źӱʫã˵Ĳɰš 
ʱĺӱʫһҡڷΣһ˵ҲҪϹĴ⡭š塭ѽ˼ҡ 
ҲϷŪӱʫǱٶȳ鶯һںһͷӱʫ滺ϵ˵С׸ŰйͣСѨˮҲйͣ˵ţ𣿡 
ӱʫ˳ϡҡһ㡭ҿ첻С 
ӿٶȣ춺ӱʫҲ˶壬С̲סһӴˮɢ磬ٶȵ˸߳еӱʫСѨڴЮˬΪӦ˺ӱʫĴãǰеջû侫 
ӱʫ̱ϣϵȫˮºİʱԴҶߺߡš˽С 
תͷһҶͣ䱻ıӸţԲ֪һֱҶ׵؁׾СѨָͨزСѨָŪСѨ 
סҶĳ壬ʱʱؿѹָʱ̲ס״εؽ䣺ŶŶҪԡѽšҪ֡รˬŶŶŶ 
һָֻѲҶ춶ԱʵϣÿͦСѨܵĽӴʱʳָҲˣֵͨ£ۺķָŲĻ٣ʳָָŢСָͷմˮھţˮ֮СָҲָ㿪ʼҶСѨ;ųҲڷӭָҶˮ˫ݼøס 
ʪٽͦɽߣ춱̮ȡǽƾૣ̫ˬ̫졭졭ร죡ٲһ㣡Ŷҡҳˡš 
ʱҶȫ̱ΨСһٵ鴤ֹδͣЪĿٲɦŪֻ˿ģͣͣܲˡ㣡ѾСš 
ʪָͷŨܵëãһ߻ص٩˵ţ߳ˣۡˮöŶ͵һ 
Ҷһȭļ򣬸Žţ˵Ŷ˼棬㻹˵ 
ţ˵ԸСʹ˽Ҫ뿪£Բ˵һܹݵ˵ǧҪ 
Ҷ˵ƭң˼Ҳ뿪㡣 
ӱʫ˵Ϲᣡ˵ǣһʱǵѷ֣ԵҶҲսţֱǵôŷֿ 
˵컹Ҫᶫؼң˯ɣ 
ǺӱʫҶͶĻȥ˯λν˯ȴǰλν޵ջ˯ 
Ҳ֪˶ãеԵҶŪһѲˣҶˣһ˵Ϲ糿ʱ䲻ˣʫʫ𴲰ɣ˵ʰϵ·߳ȥ 
Ҷ߳ԷϵĺӱʫǺӱʫûзӦԲСѨĴ͸еֿʼˮĽӱʫתѹ¡ 
˵ţ𴲰ɣûзӦ 
۵µĺӱʫֺϼõΣ͸죬һ˫۰׵鷿վ̺ͷ˵СѨĺĴһʱĳ鶯˴һ£ˮҲͬʱֺӱʫСѨһ£üͷ΢ 
֪װȵվƭˣӱʫӦѹˣװ˯ӱʫһֱҲĳ鶯ӱʫ춻̲סĽгһݏUϢһȴ 
ӱʫ߰ؾܾʾӱʫҪһװᣬԽҪװԽԵϮȫӽʼͷ֪Ѿˣ 
ӱʫ֪ҪһǿҵÿνһУͬʱйһˮҪƵĽһӱʫűرסѺӱʫ鷿ѹůĵӣӺӱʫı֪Ҫ߳ˡ 
Ķϸ˵ţٲˣӱʫװ˯㰴סӱʫסķΣų鶯ٶļӿ죬ĳ¶ 
ӱʫ춱ˣӱʫҡ֦ײŷλӦĴ˿һ㣬ĴںӱʫСѨٳ鶯žž 
˵ţٲ𴲣ҾɱﵶԸ㡣ӱʫװ˯ҲʩС̡һ˫ȥŪӱʫһ飬̶ָֻړIŵͷ鷿ŮԵвλӱʫĻɧСѨЩqƫĴûг鶯ܵʹҲ 
ӱʫҲ̲סַıı˵ŶᰡϹ춯ҪϹŶҡҡŶ𴲡š 
Ĵ˰º󣬺ȻӴַסӱʫһԺӱʫҲӱʫŽܴĳܸ߳٣ؼӿβƵʡ 
ӱʫĿ˵۹ӴʱӱʫʱסˡĿ̰۹עźӱʫڱŵСѨͷΣһֻᾢۺͻͷ 
ӱʫͦطΣĴʪԲ΢΢ŤţĴ̼УСѨӿˮʪ˺ӱʫںڵëʪǰͦ˫ǲͣ׶ţ̺ͷڿлȦ 
ֱӣ˫һһ̣ӱʫţ⽫Ѻӱʫ»ζڡԽ 
ģӱʫ˫شβŤϴĽʱڼţӱʫתͷҲûˣŴĳÿεĳ嶼ԺĿУӱʫ˫ΪײһֱͣĳˬУǵĴҲ̲סһ󶶶һŨľҺעӹ 
Ȼ侫ĴûήȻںӱʫСѨУͬʱŪźӱʫ˼ţĶ˵ţҰһΣ𴲰ɣ 
ӱʫ޵˫մޣһ˵ϹŪ˼Һۣ˴ҺûһΣ˼һܲˡ˵ξŤ˵šᰡϹ˼ҡĻܲˡһ˵һ߲ͣŤΡ 
ӱʫɧ̬¶ӱʫڴϣֿʼһǿĹƣǿĿúӱʫٴˬˣһ̺ӱʫеͶ˵Ϲ˼ܲˣ֪㻹ҪɲϢһٸ㣿 
˵Ҳˬ͸ˣҲǿ㡣˵ӣСףһ˫ҲûϸºİӱʫһʲһҲŤźһʱ䷿ڳһƬ⡣ 
ǵѷѽʱҶͻȻ˽ţȡЦӱʫ˵ʫʫвһڻɧǺһԼ 
ӱʫҶȡЦߵöֻ˵ϹЦңҲ 
γѵҶҶ˯ȹɧ̬ںӱʫϸ˵ҰѵʵҶһ˵մˮ;ҺĴ 
زĽҶǰŵ˵ţ𣿡˵ӣСһ£֮˫ͷƵǰ 
ҶԭΪĴȴһ۾ĴһҪҽȽСףֻĿŴ˵ҪҲ򡭡һҧһᡭ˵ôֻ͵СϣҶҲ֪ΪôʧȥСһű㿪ʼΪŪ 
ҶϸĵΪŪʱԮ𱸵ۿ뽫Ҷ͵Ҳ벻ʧȥɣҶļ£ҶҲ˯ȹϻϡٽ⿪ֵĿӣ޼ҲȻصһ˫ͦ鷿¶ڿУҲ˵˫Ҷ鷿ͣ档 
һҶ³Ĵ˵СɫҪ 
ҶŪڴϣĻԲķһСڿڣһָֻ׵صҶľźСѨҶСѨˮŪָմϲˮ˵ţʪ 
Ҷһҹļ尾δȫͷţͺӱʫļ󣬾СѨˮʱҲ˵ϹҰҪҸôҲԣ㰮𣿡 
˵Ұ㣬ҰôѴĲСѨ 
ѽҶʱȺþãټǰϷȷʵһֵܵĸоĳ鶯ʱʱ 
Եĺӱʫ״ҲսţһʱҲӦӲУһ߳Ҷһ߰ŪźӱʫĽҶһθ߳󣬺ӱʫͽҶλãŮ˽š 
һҲܾãתҲȫϰⳡ־սȰǺӱʫöҲ붯ѸһصԽսԽ£ʹ¾սҶ 
һᣬ֪йˣҲ֪ҶˣϿҶѹ£ܵذ˫Źϣָ׺ݺݵļҲȻſͷӭͷ˱мٵǿ 
أҳ̡ÿζεؽ˳Ȼͬʱﵽ߳ҶӹҲܰһһɵľҺ˽§һİٷ֮ٵںˡ 
ϢһҶͺӱʫ˵ǲֻֻԸеš 
ӱʫ˵ôɫ 
˵ȻǵĺɫϹԺǵ˵Ļ顣 
Ҷ˵СɫϹ˼Ҽºܸ㣬ɣ˵ͦΪȻҲŹӱʫ顣 
ͻȻӱʫƿ˵СɫϹ˼Ҳ棬˼Ҫƺ󡣡 
Ҳ֪ӱʫ˼ҶͺӱʫԡңôǵֱϴǬ 
ĽҶͺӱʫͻؼңʼµ¡




44 

Ҷͺӱʫġ־ӡ£ԭΪάֵϡ 
ͺӱʫ޷ɣÿÿҲһҲûôҶΡ־ӡڼȴûеĹµ߾һЩ˵ٷΪȡ 
ҲһͨӣȴΪǶһܣ¼Ӧ緹ʼ˵ 
ͺӱʫһͬڽϿΣִȣͻȻԵĺӱʫļϣһ֮¼ӱʫȻ˯ˣϴ΢Цȥʱӱʫǰĳٿһťۣѩ׵šһֵ鹵չǰ 
ǰջ޷רϿΣҲܲסǰֿûλһǵһӱʫǰȥһᴥӱʫزʱҲĸӱʫûзӦ󵨵סһ鷿ֻ֮ﱥͦгģ쳣ãָһ˼£Ϥĸоõݡ 
ʱӱʫ˯зǰĸоɵһһУ᲻صţߵͨ죬һֱ׽ֲ˵Ҿ͸淢ڷҡʱһ 
һᣬҶĸѧγ̣춿γ̳Ͽε˺٣Ͽε󲿷Ҳڡ붨̫顱ʱȴһ˸Ըһã˾ 
ҶһﱾӦల£ÿÿȴб֮ʱҶϿʱһʱһŪڵϣҲر飬ȥʰǱʱԵҲͬʱȥʰһִҶ֣ҶĽʱҶš 
ҶľٶһʱҲ֪ǺãҲˣټΪ⾪ˣָţҲѿľš 
ҶҲپܾŵһжĽҶҶҲУŵһֽҶš 
ҶжNҲһµϢʹﾹȻһֵͷǵûֹ΢΢ţҶߴ˵㲻 
ȻҲû죬ȻҲʱ⣬һֱά¿Σֻ¿ҪҶؼңҶҲӦҪ 
˵ӱʫ׽ţҲ֪ͣ˳Ĭһ󣬺ӱʫϸ˵Ūҵ·˿áٽť۽ǰĲλ¶ٽ⿪ǰʽ֣Ĵڣ˵㲻Ūҵ·ֲ˿ 
Ҳ˵ôӱʫһ飬һʱоеһĸͣٿ̽ӱʫСҲͬʱӲ 
ںӱʫʹӱʫȻĿϣС׸Ϻ˵ϢӱʫڰɰµܰСѨͬʱҲڳȵˮһֲֻȹڣ˵㿴ҲʪˣŪǬɣ 
ȹڵָմСѨϵڿʱѸеӱʫڿʪ͸ںӱʫĶϸ˵ʪҪŪǬҰǬ𣿡 
ӱʫһ֪˼ȻڽҵһǼû⣬֪ңһ˷־ʹ£Ҫܾʱ͵͵ĵ£ӱʫĶȹƸߣӱʫʱҲ˷ֵĻ²סĽ˫һţһȫò 
ӱʫ˿Сڿʪ͸ĲλϣֳСѨ˵һڱСڿϣӱʫʱѽһг㽫Ķƿϸ˵Сڿһߣ¶ʪСѨ˼ʵ̫ˣ 
ӱʫʼǣÿСѨϣù԰ˮˮһ਺ӱʫˮ촽ϣͷӱʫķСױҲг̼Ļ£ֻҧָƴҧӵĸоʹҲ㽫ǰŲøԽСѨԵ 
Ҳӱʫͷȫ治ͣĽҲʱæµǳѪú͵٣ʹӱʫܲѡţʳִָںӱʫľϣȻǿԣһٵĳ岻ͣ 
ӱʫ»޴i飬ҲȥŪһ飬ԲķθĹ 
ľʹӱʫˮһһйˮһβ©غ£θ߳Ѿ̱ڿϣֳЦݣСѨˮҲǬ󣬲͵͵ 
ӱʫĴһ£˵ң¿κٺʡûлشֻϸĵĽ·Ūã˸ͷ 
¿κӱʫȥȡһϳʻУ԰ 
ʱѽҶ͵ţһ꣬Ҷļ꣬ͬʱҲɵڿǰ깦εꣻڹйŮһ£ԵҶŮ㣬ϰֽҶһֽš 
Ҷ˵ôſң 
Ҷƿʱ˵Ҷ뻳˵⼸갵Ѱ㣬֪ѣһŮѣѵ㲻ԸһᣬԷչ𣿡 
Ҷһ˵Ҳ֪شֻǺߴصͷ崿鲻Ϊ֮һͷҶӣҶͻһŪ޴룬ֻƴƿ 
ҲûзҶøأҶǵ͸ʱ¹ײͷһʸожϢϮ£һ˫ҲסͷҲ֮Ʒϡ 
ҶԭΧ֣ƶһ鷿Ҷһǻﰡһƿסֱ̰˵Ҫ˿ 
һ㽫Ҷ˱ķȥҶҲԹԵŲϣͬʱҲǡ 
ʱһƬƫƧɽͣ˽ҳ꣬ѹںӱʫϣʱǵ췭أһᣬӱʫ˵˼ҵô˼һûкʡ 
˵ڱ㿴ʣ 
ӱʫһ˫ķ˵ղŻûнǬ˼ҵġáʪġ˵ѿȹߣָСѨһָ˵㿴Ҫқ_Ǭ 
ӱʫڿմˮЦ˵ţϹ㡣˵㽫ӱʫ춺λϣһ˫磬λͻ 
³ʱӱʫСڿ㣬Ĵһ¶һգСѨ漴һͦѱˮСѨɣʹõһֳʵĸоСҲСѽһ 
ӱʫɧ̬¶㿪ʼСѨÿһֱ嵽ֱӱʫӹڣӱʫȻеĴֱÿ¾ֱӹڵĿзϣĳ塣 
һʱ䳵ֻСžžײӱʫġࡡʮº󣬺ӱʫһθ߳ˮйֽͣӱʫĴϣʼһֹƣӱʫŪˬ͸³ĺһ˫ڶγˡ 
ӱʫ˵Ϲࡡ桭ࡡ˼ҡࡡ䡭ֽһͷ͵ľ 
Ҳضһ˫ਡҧִ꣬ʹӱʫ߷壬ӱʫ˵Ϲࡡϲҡôࡡ 
˵ֻ׼ҵϲ 
ӱʫ˵ҡֻšϹġࡡ㡭šҪࡡͣѲɾӡ 
ϺӱʫСףӱʫҲæ࣬һʱ˾һʹ˸Ͷ˴˵顣 
ҶķѹҶվϣҶĲǣҲػӦǵʲ롣һѸҶ Tһߵ鷿ͣ棬춴ˣشҶ½һפϺָڲͣŪҶ١ 
һֻѺؽ⿪Ҷţпť@ָţпḧһɾֱ̽ｫҶСѨ׾ݣָؿʼˮѵСѨ 
Ҷ־ӡµĽ强ʮУټֲʮ˶ԱʮᣬȻ֪ԲڸеĽסڵڶ 
һߣӱʫֻʣʵĶȹţλԲķΣСѨÿһ¶һЩˮ˫ǰһԷһգӱʫǰͣŪһ飬ӿĽࡣ 
ӱʫŪĳ壬һ˫ͷǡ 
˵ĲྭҵȼҲԽ׶ΣͳʮºҲȵľҺעӱʫӱʫþҺһ̺һ鴤ˮһйͬʱҲõ˸߳ 
ºλϣӱʫ͸ļºİͻȻӱʫ˵ϹҪӦ²ҪͿ˵ 
˵Ϊô 
ӱʫ˵ҲЦҡ 
Ц˵͵ʳˣҪҺſ 
ӱʫ˵˵˼´βӦ㡣˵˵֪˵ˡ 
˵Ҫ´ΰɣ 
ӱʫ˵Ҳ˼δ˵꣬ٴγСѨٴӱʫǹԹԵҺעӹ 
ºϢһᣬͺӱʫؼҡ 
뿪ӱʫļʱȻܾҲûҶҶסһ𳤴ģȻľͰ壬˺ܾãҶſڣֻҶɫеƽе㲻ͬ 
˵ţǲǲ 
Ҷûлشֻǣһ˱ĲǹҶƿ˵ϹҺ㡣 
˵ٹ±һ𡣡 
Ҷµ˵ҡҡСͬѧ׷ҡҡҲ֪˵ 
˵ţò֪˵˰գһľ 
Ҷ˵ϹҺ𣿡 
Ҷ˵ţҽԣǵǵЭ㲻Ҫҡ 
Ҷͷ˵ֻұԡ 
ҶŵϣҲ˯Ҷԣ˵ҿзҶCˡ 
ʱҶչյЦݣ˵Сɫ 
˻Էȥϵֱһ˿Ҳӵ˯ʱḧҶĽĶϸ˵һЩ黰ҶͷǲûԽ·˵Ľһһ黰㿿϶˯ˡ 
һҹ֮Ҷ㿪ʼĹϵҶŪСѨһθ߳Ϊ߳һԽԺͻȻֳӰӣ㼱ƿ󣬶ûٽһҶ˵һҡ˵뿪ˡһҹҶֹյĻ䡣 
һǸҶһ𳤴ˣһǸоˣ˸صԳһʱҲ²˾µĿǺҶһ 
һ¿κ壬ҶԼϰȻܾҶļϲӦΪ˹飬㽫ҶһҶӣҶӭĿǡ 
˷ֿʱҶ˵Լϰ⣬еҺһΣҲҺĹϵ 
ͻȻһõĸоҶ˼ǰһ춿˵޻˵ӦһҪ󡣡 
Ҷ˵ôҪ󣿡 
˵뿴壬ұ֤δͬҲġ 
Ҷ˵ҪܹݡС˵ûʵʷԡ 
ĬĬԵĶţҶе㲻˼źߴɫ˫ۣƵõʾҶСף 
˷ٶȽҶһ˿ңҶڴͣҶ⵽γһС˵ 
ϣҶཫ˵һ¡˵ĿͳһӲĴͣΪŪ 
ҲٿһѽҶڻһ˫ȥҶĽһܼΪķҶһ˫鷿ϲͣıΣС׸ŽҺҶ۾硢ǣ̺ͷֱöͣţһֱָҶСѨָͣĳ塣 
˻ȡ裬ܿҶһ߳ˮϣҶŪ£ĴཫҺ䵽ҶС߳Ŀʹӵһ𣬷ҪԷ°㡣 
ҶҲ󿴹ԡҲ󷽵ؿϴ裬ҲǱͷԵˣںߵԡſڿҶٻӰ 
Ҷվ⣬˯ѣ˵ɫ͵˼ϴ裬ڷҲ 
̷Ȼܾ㼱ѹ·ԡףҶһԧˮȻֻҶô򵥣ͿԡҺ˫ҶߣϴСѨʱָȥŪҶ٣ˮ㲻ƵҶ֪ȥС 
Ҷƿ˵ҴӦֻһΣղѾˣ㻹ô 
󲻺˼˵ԲһΡ 
ҶģĸǰĴ鹵Ūˬ͸Ŵ鹵ʱʱ֣˫һϸ𶯣ͦӿ죬˳ã춲ͣҺطйȫҶϡ 
Ҷվ˵ΨһһΣ֮ܣ㲻֪ 
˵һϵ֮ܡ 
Ҷԡһ󣬱ϵա뿪ʱȷʮֲҶʹ˽֪ûгĶʱֻҶֿ 
Ҷ˵ڶ˺еһֽѵĸоȻ뵽ױȥ 
Ҷȥ⼸ӱʫһİ¥ʱȻ뵽ǷҪĹϵʱЩɣջ¥ 
Ҷͳ׿ڣεıţҶ˵Ϲᣡ㼱֪һѼԼ˫ֻӣڸ߽ŸһںסͷƷɵĽҺ 
˵ڴڿ³ҾѾ𣿡 
Ҷ˵Ϲм˵ 
ҶɫҲµǰͬѧ׷£Ҷڱ˵ţϹʵ˾֪㲻뿪ңѸе㹻ܣ㲻Ҫ˵ͽĵװɣ 
Ҷ˱˵ᣬÿҲŪҲ뿪㡣 
˵Һǿʼʱ׼зֵһ죬ԣһƽĽʵ 
Ҷ˵Ҳ֪ΪôܵʫʫһͬһϹ 
Ҷֻһȹ˵ôԸСǲң 
Ҷ˵ҡҡͻ顣 
˵Լ飬ȼ㣬зΥƷ 
Ҷ˵ǻΥƷ㲻űһѰɣ˵㽫ȹ£ȹҲ˳绬£Ҷϱʣ°ɫ˿޼֣ҪǰʽģڿҲǰɫ˿԰Ķֿ㡣 
Ҷ˵㻹Ҫ𣿡 
˵ȻҪѣһҪ׵ѡ 
ҶֺͶֿҲ£˵㲻ǴӦڿǰҲ𣿡 
˫ʵ˫飬ǰһ飬ʱץסбΣ˵ǰѵùѣ˵һ 
˫ĿУҶݡ 
һߺҶ٣һ˵벻ѣ 
ʱҶ˵ѳһ㡭 
ӵҶѹڴϣСһ£˴ĿĶһᣬҶЦʣԴң 
Ц˵ƯСţŹ㡣 
Ҷ˵˼Ѿ㻹˵ 
һڰһߵͷУ˱ԵҶ״Ҳͦͣűਣֻһߣһߣͣؽ档 
ҶһԵĿУҪôһ㡭Ҫͣˡܲˡ 
˫ִҶ佫Ҷᓀһ£˵ϹҽŵСԼһ˵꣬һԼԺŪϲһȣ˷ĪסĴסСѨڣĥƬ 
Ҳʱ֫һͦͷ̡һѼСѨڣҶİ£сˮֱӹڣҶˬڵʱͣһһŵĺס 
˵ڿʼֻС򡣡˵㿪ʼ塣 
Ҷţֱײӹڣɵ˵ϹҡҺð㣬ҪԺ󡭡ÿҲҪҲ뿪㡭 
һͦ͸ɣһÿںҶ٣ƷҶȴ˫ֽסѩ׵ĽŰˮӲϵشȡõذʪһƬ 
͸һִӹͣਣ˵ţ𣿡 
ҶҲڸ߳ıԵæյߣ˵ɡ˼ҽ찲ڡ 
ʥּټ壬ֽҶӹڽһɾҺΡ 
˱վסϢƬ̣˫ְҶסûзſͼҶ滷˵Ϊô˼ң 
ɫɫЦ˵СΪôţ 
Ҷ˫Ȧסӣǰ΢΢һͦЦ˵˼ϲϹ뿪㣬ϺܾδϹ찮ԽϹӦΪ𣿡 
˵ʮһСޣϲ𣿡 
Ҷһߵ鷿͵ľ˵ϲǰһ޵㣬ҵֻ㣬ҲԸ⡣Ϲҷ˹棬˵棿 
˵Ȼ㷸һι棬ͼ찮𣿡 
Ҷ˵Ϲᣬһ˵˼ҵѨеҲ˼Ҫ찮 
˵ãͿԸš 
Ҷһף˵;ȥɣ 
һҹҶһһΣڱǵ㼣ҶСסСѨֱҲע벻پҺõĸ߳ǲϢҶ뿪ǰٺҶһΣҶؼҡ 
ҶЭҹ¸֪ӱʫ֮Сܡ 
Ҷ͵¥ʱҶ˵ţҰ㣬ҲȢΪޡ 
Ҷ˵𣿡 
˵ǡֻҶĳŵ 
Ҷ˵ϹԸ⡣˵һ£㼱á 
ҶҲµĸ鷳ƽϢռѸȫУ֪Ҳ뿪ֻǸ·꼻һֵĹ͡ 
45ؾ 
µķ룬˿ԺģŬ飬ԼµŬʮ㣬ſԵõĳɼ 
춺ӱʫҲǺһͬ޶ɣԣҲɿγ̣ҶͳῼԡΪӰҶĿ飬ԣͺӱʫûǣֵ뿪У԰һһߵͣȡ 
ϳźӱʫһźӱʫ֣˵ţǰЩʱûң 
ӱʫ΢΢죬ĵ˵˼ֻſԣʱɫɫϹ 
ַŵǰǺ˵ûң˵ѺӱʫԼĻУֻ䡣 
ӱʫһף˵СɫϹ 
˵㡣Ⱥӱʫشӣϡ 
µķ룬ʱӱʫе״̬һϣſС׶ţӱʫͷ˱ȥȻţȻͷջأӱʫ𽥱ľСʹסӱʫϵĳԽҺӱʫҲ 
ӱʫеãȻִе˷ܺߵĴ̼Сʱϸʼ·ӱʫ鷿Ե󵨵鷿Ūӱʫͦͷ 
ӱʫʹõɵİȻһ޵ģʱڴѧͣƿ˵СɫǴѧҲЩſҡ 
ſ˵ţ𣿡 
ӱʫҵãߵ˵ҪҲҪû˿š˼һξܾ㡭 
˵ڻؼҰɣ 
ӱʫ˵ڣȥٻ˾ЩһؼʰװܸСɫҳߡ 
˵ҳߣ 
ӱʫ˵˭˼ҸСɫƭúҸ 
˵ûƭ㣬Ҹ֪ǻԽڵס£Ϊ˵İ 
ӱʫ˵ҪҲ 
˵ʱǱи˵Ŀռ䣬Ĵߡ 
ӱʫߵ˵Ҳǻ˼롣 
Ķϸ˵벻ҵĻ˼뵽ǳ̶ȣ 
µĽӱʫеڶԵɧţɧСѨ΢΢ʪ㿿ļ˵ٲȥٻ˾Ҳ֪ʱԷᡣ 
ɫɫźӱʫ˵ţļϹ𣿡 
ӱʫ˵˵ұ³ 
˵Ҳ˵ȡʱϢɣûʱϢ 
ӱʫ˵ΪôûʱϢ 
˵Ϊұš 
ӱʫ˵š˵֪Щ£һʾͷ֪жһ׽ֲһ뻳ʱӱʫ춱״̬ãֻ˵Сɫֻ۸˼ҡ 
˵ţȥֻ뱧˯οҶµ˼֮ࡣ 
ӱʫ˵㻹ſҡ 
ſӱʫ˵ԭҲЩ£ 
ӱʫ޷ֻ˵㻹ȥٻ˾ 
һֵӱʫȥٻ˾ӱʫһױȼӾ£ǲŷӱʫװ 
Ȼʶӱʫ꣬ǵһ̤ļţĸĸΣֻкӱʫһˣ˵㲻Ҫ뵽ֻҪҰм 
ⷬек⣬ûлӦӱʫķװһֵæµ춰ӱʫװ׵춴Ϣʱӱʫ¹ڹһʱУһɫɫͷ 
ȡǼУӱʫ˵ţ㴩ҿ𣿡 
ӱʫ˵˼ҲѧҪʱУ 
˵뿴ʱϸУʱôֱ𡣡 
ӱʫҲϣİҲӦϡӱʫȡУߵԡҸ£ʮӻδԡҳҲ֪ӱʫô֮ʣӱʫſֻ߳ӱʫ˫ְǰ졣 
˵ţûôΪôôòųؿڲΪô˫ְؿڣ 
ӱʫһף˵СɫҪ˼Ҵ 
Ҳ֪Ϊ£ӱʫ˫֣ӱʫҲ˳ʩΪһ׺ӱʫָôΪӱʫڰزõõķУǰť@ܿϣһԷ¶һ鹵ɼУ»ֳɫ˿֣ĴҲȻ𾴡 
ӱʫԼزߵ˵ϹҪ˼ңȥ¡ 
Żظ˵ʦͬѧΪô 
ӱʫҲ˼ѧͨ˵ʦҵУŻԺҲᣬһҺ𣿡 
˵Ҫ㻹ûиɷ£˵Сߵױ̨ǰúӱʫŴ󾵣˵ڿʼҼзΥ£վںӱʫ˫ֽһӱʫ˱ǰ 
˫סϽֱӱʫһ˫أ̶һУʹӱʫ鷿֮ϴʹȡȫĹף˸Уһ˫⣬ָȥ̼ӱʫͷ 
ͷŮеĵطӱʫӲͷУֳӱʫҲɧĿǰ˫Ĳӣ˵ʦ𣿡 
һߴӱʫͷһ˵㣬ǰСôΪôӲ 
ӱʫǵûֹͦͲߵ˵ǡͷʦ顭ǻ᲻Ӳ 
ķ۾Ͷ˵ͬѧ֪㻹£Ҫúõļȫ㽫ӱʫǰť@ȫ⿪һḧĽĴӱʫ鷿㣬һֻӱʫȹڣ֮䣬ḧӱʫϸ֬ļһֱСѨСڿ㲻ӱʫ˽òŪ档ֻѺӱʫú٣졣 
ӱʫžԼٰеԼʪ󣬷ԽԽ࣬˫Ȳ΢΢ſԼ˽֮ȫԼ˺ѾȫУΪԼӦͨ죬ҲǬУǺͷӵֻܷĿӱʫһۣ˵ʦҪšż顣 
ӱʫɧŪۺľ״ڰĶ᲻ʧҲȥһָӱʫѾʪСѨĿһĿ֮£ӱʫСѨڵˮӿ𽥼СѨɦ͡ӱʫҲŵһ 
һĵĴָʳָȴѼסӱʫƶšеشܹӱʫҧ´ȻһΣȽֺۣһӻڼӿӱʫ˼Ѿ߳һΡָպźӱʫСѨڣ˵ͣͣʦŶô 
ȻͣƵǰϱƸȡһֻ鷿ȻͷĲӣӱʫº󰮸 
˵ôʪҪһ¡ 
ٽһʱӱʫͰ˫˵ҪŪ 
˵ţ𣿡 
ӱʫ˵ϹͲڰʦҾòϰߡ 
˵Ϊô 
ӱʫתǰ˫ΧĲ˵˼ҲͶ棬ղҲܽʦĽɫ 
˵ţԲϹ𣿡 
ӱʫ˵㱾ϹΪôҪأ 
˵ţϹ㰮 
ӱʫһ˵˼ڴУѧԺ㰮 
˵ԡ˵˫ץźӱʫؿȫУӱʫҲţֱУ뽿縡ͻΡӱʫֻʣһ׷ɫ˿¿㣬ǰ뱭ʽ֣ڿ԰Ըжֿ㣬Բķ¶ҲNĴҲӱʫ¾ 
ӱʫò˼ͬʱо仯㺬ߴĽһţСҲܵСѨٷڳˮ΢΢̧ͷ˵Ҫ˼ҡ 
˵ţ¿ԸУ࿴ҲʧǲǴϹ 
ӱʫ˵Ϲôɫ˼Ҳ㿴 
ӱʫø˫һֵ߲ḧһҧĶ˵ҿܺ㰮 
ӱʫ˵šŶ˼ҡ˵㰮 
ӱʫ۰뿪С΢΢˵Ĳ룡 
ӱʫ˵˼ҵĸĸΣݼ٣ֻһˣ㲻ҪΪ˵ӱʫСѸϡӱʫڰɵĻʱУһϣԶ˱ 
Լӱʫ˫ֿʼԽԽȫ͵УӱʫصĽֻƶѰһߵķס£ǰʽֿӣ˫ָᰴžһٿԷֿӱʫҲɵִ绬뽿 
ӱʫ˵Ϲ㽫ƿ˫ָˣڴϡ 
ӱʫ˫Ѻ÷գ۾ȫûѲߵԸٶѹԽ˶ѹںӱʫСϣӺӱʫ˵ţĺ 
ӱʫԵד˿˿ʹǳãſ۾ɬСףҲĻӦһǣͷsһһҲ룬ҪԷһ 
ӱʫѿǣ˵Ϲ顭ѽŪҡ 
ʥּһ˫ֵһʱźӱʫһ˫ͦ鲻ͣĴŪסбΣҲ˷ʱ䣬һʱָסͷһʱҧ਷۵ͷӱʫܲסֵĥҵͦ͡ 
ӱʫҲؽͷСҲᵽӱʫ˼С𣬵ĵĶֿмʱѾʪһƬЦ˵ţСѨкöˮڿҲʪ͸ 
ӱʫߵ˵Ϲ㲻áҲŻӡ򡭡 
ڿ㲦³һͷþ״ͬʱȥСѨӱʫСţţϹһЩ 
ӱʫ۾ᣬͽͷ쳤ӽӴ鶯ٺ;һ¶뽫մ˵ˮǬӱʫܲסֵĥСѨˮԴԴͻȻӱʫһӲͣزһһµĳ鴤ţˮøףӶԺӱʫֱֹӱʫ˵ţڿʪ͸ܴº𣿡 
ӱʫĴεֿԵĽϣ˵㲻ѡ 
Ҳ֪ӱʫ˼ں赲½ӱʫĶֿԵĽ⿪ҲʱָСѨϣߵ˵šŶ 
Ҳ˵ӣСٽһʱĴȴںӱʫϣӱʫҲҪһŴŪ˼º㽫ſͷ׼İڶΣ¹ͷ˼׾û˳֮ķαһͦɽСѨͷۣȻ÷нŤšɧÿɰҲʼ鶯˵õѾõĸоȡúӱʫӱʫҲеɵİ⣬һˮŴ鶯Ҹı顣 
һӱʫ𣬽ŵԼĴϣӱʫҲԺ˳İځѣӱʫҲԼҪڶôСѨˬ鷿͵״ֱķΣæ׵øһ㡣 
Ūһһںźӱʫ۵ͷŪһִŪһ飬һָֻ̽ӱʫľţںӱʫ޷£ָţӱʫһ˳ָѾһ룬ֹҲˣ˵УУγѽγ 
ӱʫС˵Ҫһн°ڶȥӭСѨ;ţӱʫĴеĵطͬʱףˬСѨˮŴ 
һᣬӱʫҪڴϣţĴĽ۵СѨţһ˫ִŪһԾ顣ҲСѨſϺ˱䶯һֻʸС 
ӱʫظӣ˫ϰ§ţ˫ľ״˵Ϲš˼ҡ첻СšһЩҲӿ°ڶĽࡣ 
ĴҲ϶ӱʫȫѪҺȼհ㣬ĴϢԽԽŨҲͣӭţвϵţţŶϹҡҪ졭ˡ 
ӱʫӽʱֱֺӱʫӹڣϵĥţĥúӱʫˣĲˡ 
ͻȻӱʫһ鴤һһȵˮ̰£ϣӱʫһθ߳ſϡ 
ҲǽŹͷҲݺӱʫдϢĻᣬһӱʫѹڴϣӱʫʱһͷ⣬ٲһ㷢ֱذϣ֮ʣǡ 
ʼֱͱף춺ӱʫ߳չСѨںӹǲͣ䶯պסĴӱʫ嵽ĸоóʵÿײӹһ£˺Ưƶˣޱȵ 
û嵽£˶вϣÿضֱ㴦ӱʫҲͦӭϣøʹ졣һʱ䷿ֻкӱʫײġžž 
ⲫ˽գöԷõ飬Ⱥӱʫ˫۽ıס˫ȲϾٸ߷Ľ壬泩ɢȫķ鶯ȻʵӱʫӹҺӱʫӹҲ߳ˡ 
ºźӱʫ˺죬˴ǰ˺һ󣬺ӱʫϢ 
Ϣͺӱʫһ뷵ᡣ 
ӱʫ̤һʱһΪɳܱһսҲ˵ϹɹôΪôң 
˵ԴͿ֮ұһֵڴ˯㲻½ǵķŪۡ 
ӱʫ˵ҲҪʰá 
㲻Ըںӱʫļ½ʰã˵ţʰǷн 
ӱʫ˵ǵӦģδ㣬㻹Ҫ 
һѽӱʫ˵ڲңұ׷Ƿҵģ 
ӱʫ˵Ƿô 
˵Ƿ찮뿪ҿʼ㣬Լжʮһڣÿμ㣬ټÿһε£ʮΣΣһǷʮΣѾŐ{ġ 
ӱʫ˵ûдӦ㡣 
Լ·ȥֺӱʫɳϣ˵ûдӦҪ㻹 
ӱʫĴǰҲ֪ᷢô£˵Ϲᣡ˵һںŴϸĵŪҲûͣӱʫ·һһѵֱֻʣһСڿ㡣 
ӱʫΪСŪһֽ鹵һŪһСǣ˵ѻΡ 
֪˼ƣԽһתϽӱʫѹ£һڱСףӱʫҲԹԵţΨһСڿѵСŴСѨϣҲʱ佫˳ƲСѨʼĳš 
ֵӱʫҲ״̬Ӱ빰ڡйͣӭĳ壬ˮɴʱϡ 
ͻȻӱʫСѨٸп飬ľ漴õʵΪĴѲӱʫľųһᣬĿʹӱʫ춸߳ıԵСѨɧʹȣ˵Ϲšٲ塭ǰ桭 
˳ٲӱʫСѨֱûжһźӱʫãӱʫ춸߳ıԵֵòĺãֻ˵Ϲš 
˵ǷҶٴΣ 
ӱʫ˵ʮ 
˵ǴˣһٴΣ˵鶯˴£ʹӱʫšĽ˵ΪһٴΣұ㣡 
ӱʫ˵á˼ҡ 
˵ǲӦ㽫ĳ 
ҪСѨʱӱʫȷļ尾˵ϹһٴΣ 
һȡжӶںӱʫˮСѨһͷǰһԷ飻ӱʫצ㽫εһ 
˲ͣŤƴݵ˽ϣͻȻӱʫ鴤˵ϹҡšҪˡ 
ٳ鶯ʮº󣬽Һٴעӱʫӹӱʫ漴ˮӦͬ߷塣 
߳󣬺ӱʫƿ˵Ϲ˼Ҿͷ 
ִӺӱʫҸ쵽ǰһ˫а棬˵ţ㿪Ц㲻Ҫϣ 
ӱʫת˵˭˵Ц˼ģ 
ӱʫһ뻳˵Ϲţô˵ 
ӱʫǰ˵˵ǷĴ 
˵һٴ˵Ц㲻Ҫϣ 
ӱʫ˵˼Ҳ㣬㾹Ȼ˵һٴΣҲ˼ҡһٴô١ 
ø˵ţ㻵ˣھǷһǧΣң 
ӱʫ˫ſ˵Ϲڿ𣿡һ˵ѾһΣڻҪ 
£һԸɷŹԻ۷磬˵ţҰ㣡 
ٴڴй·֮ࡣ




46 

Ҷ࿼ϣ˾պȻ񲽳ʱҲ˷ܵ飬˸߲ף 
̸һ˾պȻͷҲ׼ȥףҶײǣڴѧĻ԰ͺӱʫԭԼڿϺһף˲һСʱδͺӱʫ֣뵽ͺӱʫ 
ʱҶĵ绰𣬵һ֪磬ҶǸͽΪճʱ˽ҳܖ©Ҫܖſ 
ҶֻڴѧѧĴΝg˳Ĵѧ֪ߵͺӱʫĽңɽҵδϣ뽲ңյĽʱּλһűһŸߣ뵽ͺӱʫϿʱ᲻ʱҲͺӱʫڽң뵽˴֪λϣҲͺӱʫڽҵ龰 
Ҷӱʫλûһ˫ָ·ḧһ˫Ҳ֪ҲʼḧԼСѨҲͬʱʪָ뼰ϥȹڸСڿֱָСڿָŪ١ҶĽʮУʱСѨһ̼ˮزָط͵͵̴ֱţޡޡ 
Ҷĸ߳Ҫʱ˴ӺţһָֻסСףһе˵ţɻ£ 
Ҷתһɫɫ۹˵Ϲ۸˼ҡСױӡĴϣȻҲܾźҶֽʲҶһѰ۵ֱۻľ֮ܽϵĻǣͷڻ׷𣬽Һڻ¡ 
Ҷ֮ʣһ˵ûǴѧҪһڳ 
ҶתͷһӱʫǣҶֻεĶĻҲһѽӱʫһ뻳˵ţ 
ӱʫ˵밮ҲӦؼҲźϹɣ 
Ҷӱʫ˵裬˵ҲŲ밮 
˵ôҶһͨ죬ΪָմһЩˮ 
Ҷ˵͵˼ңϷŪң 
ο˵ţҪϹ㡣ŽָнˮǬ˵ţΪô 
ʱҶҲ˵ͺӱʫרҶвϣҶ޷ֶR£ֻߵͺӱʫ룬һʱ̲סοԼ½֮ࣻͺӱʫ󣬶Ҷδвһʵݳ 
ӱʫҶ˵ȻôɧڸϹһ𣿡 
Ҷ˵ǽңģ 
˵ղŲְԼ𣿡Ҷ޴ӷ˴û˵˵ɻ£Ҫúõĳͽ㣡 
Ҷ˵ϹҪҽҲԣ˷μˣ 
˵ҺʫʫʱѾϲɧš 
ӱʫӺҶ˵㲻Ϲ𣿡ֽӱʫҶţҶ֮á 
Ҷ˵Ԥıšδ˵СѸϣ״ȥס޵ľ׶סɿڵĴꡣҶԼҲǺֻŮǿװ˱֮£ҶأһŽǵĿ϶Ϻ˿˿˵š 
ǵͬʱҶĺӱʫҲͬ˿˿ΪķŪ˵˵Ϲ˼ڰ㣬ȴң˼Ҿ̲ס˵ҪСȴæͳĴŪ 
˵ҽѺһΣڻ˵̲ס 
ӱʫߵ˵˼ҸͲԾ 
ҶҲһһʱѿ˵ľ˵Ūɣվ׼ʵıݡ 
ӱʫҲ˵ôһ̬ϣĵȹ¶ˮ̵˿Сڿ㣬ҲСڿ£ſ¶˵СѨ˵˵Ϲҡ 
ߵӱʫǰԸеӣͷ˻еؼȡ̴е֭ӱʫһŽǵĿ϶Ϻ˿˿˵šһѰ۵ֱۻľ֮ܽϵĻǣͷڻ׷𣬽Һڻ£ҵնʱڣ 
ӱʫϣסԲ۵ķΣĴ׼ʪܵСѨ˶ĹͷѨڲ˳ŻˮǿֱҲĳ鶯ںӱʫӦĳٶҲ죬ӱʫ½ 
ӴϹ㡭ŶӲˡˬúҡҪˡ 
һ˫ָŵȹ˿Ūźӱʫʵ壬ӱʫŪһһ˫ֵı˵ϹҪŪ 
Ҳ֪ӱʫ⣬µȹͬ£һ˫۵ʱ¶ڿУĴָںŪһ˫鷿鷿ٸޡ۾ٳ壬δγѨڣִδζѨףȴִ󡣺ӱʫŪ߳һһһˮ 
ӱʫ§סȽס˵ˬúҡҪˡҪййˡҪˡٴεһ߳ 
ӱʫ̱ĿɬԣҲ֪ҲԲմˮĴʹ·ӱʫͷŮʰķ̣ӱʫ˵Ϲ㻹δ£ٰŪ𣿡 
ʱҶ˵ݡ 
ͷһҶ˫糺죬Ҳ֪ⳡݳһѽ뻳˵ 
Ҷ˵ᣡҲƵڵϣΪԹԵڵϣ֮һ֮£Ҷûȹڿ£ĴϣһĴŪ˼ºȻ󽫴׼ʪܵСѨֱСѨ֧Ϊֹ 
Ҷõʵʵ㣬СҲԸеĺϹมᡭÿζҪมŪ˼ҡม󡭡ˡҰ㡭һ˵һŤȥŪֽϳť@һ⿪ǰʽҲ⿪һ˫õűİڶн 
ÿҶʱÿһ¶ˮͣС³ҵ˺ߣϹม桭ʫʫม桭 
ʥּһ˫ֱ˫µֺԵĺӱʫ״ҲսţʱҶһ˫鷿˫ֵĴŪͬ״ҶСҪ淢ĿʱӱʫҶӣҶҲôͺӱʫСֻܷ 
ҶϵвƵģһȦŴÿٽʱڵͻԶ䶯ӹǻҲҧŹͷڵľ˱ͷּҶϺθŨ۰ǶԷԵøӸͦ 
ҶвλҲ׾ݣļ尾ʹڶٰѺӱʫǣʪӣ΢ţ̴ڽгҪˡҪˡһθ߳һˮ˳֮ϡ 
ڱ㿪ʼһֵĹƣͦٴôȥҶСѨӱʫҲָȥҶľţҶѨͬʱϮ߳չСѨ䶯÷ӭϡ 
һתҶѹ£һ˫ץס˲ͣζ鷿ţµĴسˮСѨƬΪҵĳ岻ͣ룬ʺΣˮŹɼذʪһƬ 
ˬϹϹҶ˽ţ鷿žҵĳǿҵػζţӱʫҲŹκλҶ٣ÿαһСѨҶҲ޷ֹ֣ 
ϹһᱻŪġҵԽʹҶԱ˫Žز䣬Ҳĳڶ˫ֽļҰڶţ˵С첻ͣط˽Сӿ˳Ľ࣬ͻϽŪÿһ¶ŪҶ 
ˬˬˡϹҡҡҪˡ 
һȵĺӹĹͷµҶﵽһεĸ߳δ˶侫ĴȻӲͦҶ߳йˮС 
ҶϢһôҶСѨ 
㡭㡭ˣҶ죬ĿգӣβŤ 
ӿ壬Ҷ齿۵֣ʱشҶǵˮѴù⻬ʪú 
㡭㡭ÿζļˡһᱻġҶػӦصĳͣ˵˻ҲĵٴαĴ 
Ҷ䶯Ťת˵壬ĴץţǰʵĶͣػζԲĴȴֿʪСѨĳ塣 
Ϻӱʫһ˫鷿һϮоӿ̲ס󿪴صسδεףִĹͷ͵ضҶֵĻġ 
ҶҲ𽥸ӵļ˵ӿŤţƨͦӭĳ̡ 
ŪҶʷ鷿׳֫˦ţײҶխ 
һ˲䣬ҶоĴִִ˼֣øӲ˶ȣĦԼĻģ˵ϹҪ䡭ѽ桭˼ҽ񡭡ѽ졭ѽΣڡ 
ĿмشȫղܵҶʱŪ˶ҲԸ⣬ʹؽӡӰϵ֣ʼ˱ߣӹǻҲսҧסĴͷڵĶ޳˫Ƚ֫һƿЦĽУȵҺȪӻӿ 
ҶˮӿһɹɾҺAʮ룬ȫҺҶӹ 
ĹУضҶ߳ʱʹƿ˽еĶģоžҺͨʱ뼹׵͹ĿС 
Ҷ߽飬Ǹеޱȣص𣿸ղ㵽߳ʱƯ 
ҶĴţ˵㻵ˣ˼ҽΣڣ㻹棬Ū˶ӣ죡 
ӱʫЦ˵Ǿ͹ϲһҵϹ㽱һС 
Ҷ˵ϹҲʫʫ˵ңҪúóľţҾѵùѣΪΪһҪȫס 
ӱʫ˵ԸҲԣ 
Ҷͺӱʫһһָݣ˫ظŪҶͺӱʫеԵ鷿˵İţȫǵĿ֮С 
춸оѾ̫˵ز˾ȻҶͺӱʫҶͺӱʫҵȹúҶͺӱʫ߳ϴʹȫŨŨζ 
ݳҶͺӱʫ뿪ѧڵϸٹ·ʱҶͺӱʫֻظ״̬߷ֱµľӱʫҶ˵ڿ͸ᣬҲ׼·ʱǿ顱ȥ򱣳ֳĬûлӦ 
ֱʻٻ˾ͣҶ˵ô 
˵λС㣡ǸղŸǿ飬ϵ¿Ҳûˣѵǲ𣿡 
ҶͺӱʫҲ˼һʱͬ˵лϹ 
Ҷ˵Ϲ˼ҪȥУЩӾֲҲҴϺһЩ¿Ӿº𣿡 
ӱʫ˵ϹôǣȻ޳ɣϹ˵ǲǣ 
˵ǣδ˵꣬Ҷͺӱʫһף³д̼õʵж 
ҶͺӱʫϺǸҲֳսƷȻֹ¿㡢Ӿ£һЩʱװʱȻֻʵ縶˭Ըеνޡ 
һƵĲףɴѧγ̣ԭҶͺӱʫɽ磬ϧòʱһƣ뿪ʱŲеɢңھƵһ䷿ 
ҶͺӱʫŪ䣬ûȫеɢؿڴϡǧĿ˶ĴѾܵĵزӲӲسڿϡ 
Ҳ¶ģԼѹţҶͺӱʫ·󣬱ߵϽѹţǵķ۾ѵȲλǸݡ 
еҶţӣţҪšſǡ 
˵ֻС꣬Ҳ߲ѣҽѹԧԡǡ 
ӱʫ˵˼СС꣬㲻ҪһС 
˵һ»еǽУ˵㶯ȥǵ· 
Ҷ֣ҶȻ΢΢ţȴûö˾ƵĿ˶ȻֻڶԼֿԼ·ǰͷɰɫǡ£춽ѹ⣬ֱҶֻʣּڿʱתӱʫչжӱʫϵĵȹڰư±׵ѵ 
ʱҶͺӱʫϵּڿ˱ãǱĴϣһž׸æۻļһ˫ָͬʱֱҶͺӱʫڿڶŪǵСѨŪҶͺӱʫѰ 
ӱʫǰٽ֣һʱ١顱磬ӱʫȻҲزһ˫ϣܿһθ߳ 
һߵҶӱʫУѹľΨһڿҲ£漴ڴϣ÷εסľףһĴŪ˼º󣬱һںԸеСϸਣҲһڱҶСѨһɵͷѨڽ̲ŵˮֳҶľţŪ߳һ˽һˡ 
Ҷѿ͸Ŷãֻ˿У˵ϹˬҡมҲСҡϢһ¡δɽӿ࣬ͻȻҶһ鴤С׺һһһɵˮСѨ߳ٽٵϡ 
߳߳չҶ٣ǰһ֮˫ĿζŸղŵĸ߳ĸһ˫鷿ºİֺӱʫҲһƴ뻳ڣҲ˳鷿ϣӱʫĵСһ£Ķϸ˵ԺӦ˯ǵԡιС꣡˵ֲָӱʫСѨŪһ 
ںӱʫĶϸ˵еɧټСѨָŪţһ˵˼ҲӦ㡣δзָø룬ӱʫҲʱſһЩжһ˵ɫϹҪҪ˵˼ҡ 
ںӱʫĶϸ˵Ҫúýһ£úӱʫָͣüӱʫСѨӱʫҲϣָʮº󣬺ӱʫľףһˮ絽ϡ 
ϢҶ״ȡЦӱʫ˵ʫʫɧӱʫûзֻ 
һ˱㵽ԡϵգϸΪҶͺӱʫԡµķ룬˵һͬԡҶ쳣УḧСѨɧѵĴϣԹɹȥĴҲ˵ôСѨʱҶֹ˵˼ҽΣڣ˵׼š 
Ҳ֪⣬ǱزţȫҶԡױ߾ԲķΣӦͿʼس塣ҶʱҲеһЩʹӦһĿУҡȥȡСѨˮذϡ 
ǰҶһ˫飬ӱʫһ˫ı˵Ϲ̲סҲţ 
˵Ѩ 
Ǻӱʫһ̤ԡױߣһ˫СֽͽСѨ͵ϣͷһֱȡ٣Ĺ£ҲĺУĺӱʫǱͷվסʱֻܽСѨͣˮز 
һʱҶͺӱʫԡڳһաҲеأؽͷھͺһŨľҺҶֻͷ͵ǿǹ黶ֱĿһ˶ƺƮƮķȻ̱Ŀɬԡ 
ͳֽӱʫ춵ϣһˮѸСѨͲӱʫҲ춸߳ԵõĴο壬곹ۻ 
ӱʫצһҲΪӱʫһһεóӱʫҲڶΪÿûĳҲСѨָ˼ʮº󣬺ӱʫͲŸ߳ˡ 
ϢӱʫеĴû˵Ϲ㻹Ҫ𣿡 
˵Ӧ𣿡 
ӱʫһף˫˵ϹҪҴӦ 
ڵӱʫ˵ 
ӱʫҲһڱ´ֱʺϸĵŪţҲʹӱʫƴĺŲֱΪֹ 
ⳡ԰˵δһһҶͺӱʫߵǰٽһסŶ˺͸ԸеĽ޵໥§šҲԼ֪ĸ绨졣ҲϴǱţ漴ֿڲҶͺӱʫĽʩΪҶͺӱʫҲֵаɵİһ˫ϵɽĹȣҲг˵ĶسһĽ졣 
ַſҶͺӱʫȡȫףñʩ󣬾ͰҶһ֣СѨմһЩˮ󣬾ٵİѴСѨȥڴȫҶķġһչٵĳ壻ӱʫҶͷϰСѨСףһ˫ָҶһ˫飻ҶõĴ̼СѨˮø࣬С׸ȥӱʫСѨ 
ͻȻӱʫǣҲ֪ӱʫҪһְ鷿һּӽҶСѨһʱ䷿ֻˡ졣 
Ӻָ߳ˣĴҶаĲĴ಻ӱʫĸֹ߳ͣж߳һһ߰߳Ԩ׹䡣 
ſӱʫϢµҶڶֹʱҶֹ˵ϹҲϲðȫ׵ĸо 
˵㲻Ū˶𣿡 
Ҷ˵㲻ԣЩɣѵҪҰ𣿡 
°ȫ׺󣬽Ҷ˫ȼܵϣҵѹȥȻʼصĳ塣ÿβ붼ʱӽԶӭصĲ£ÿٵĳʮ£ͣýķһȦһȦŲ룬ȻضΣִκҶѾԷܵýӽԣĵĻ˵ֻýѨʾġ顱 
Ҷͣؽţһ˸߹һˣشһͷǰ˫һͼУһˮ˲˷ŵĵط䵽ϡ 
ҶʮȣҳײҶ貿ӲĴٽҶʪ͸һ̴ִҶĸоͷײӹͬʱҲܵޱȵã؛_ˢȫ 
ҶڱѹڴϷݳײͬʱǼҺԴԴϵӿ 
о˴СѨһľΣͷҲԵǴ࣬ϾҪˣ˵Ҫˣ 
Ҷǵûзſøػش𣺡ҲҪˡมҪ㡭ม桭Ҫ㡭มҡһСҪġมȾ 
رҶԲβ貿һͻȻسȥǿ̴սڣֱײھγ鴤ӹϣŨǵľ漱ӿȫ˲ӹڡ 
Ҷõִֻ̼ڼٲδβ嵽ĸоʵܣУٴεϾ߳˲ӣţ죬˫§ĲӹһǿҵǻڵҲ䶯ҧĹͷɵİҺٴӿ˳Ĺͷ̵ůȺġ 
߳ҶûзֿǲһҲȻһ𣬼ûˣҶſǰϸϸϢšḧҶ߳ʪӻ壬ƷζŸոսļȿС 
ӿе𽥻ָҶʶΣڣСѨαҺۼͨ죬СָգؿһUϢ˼ҽΣڡ˵ȥΪġ 
˵㲻Ҫ˼룬Ҳߣ 
Ҷ˵ɫϹÿҲŪ˼ôʹ˼֪ΣҲҪĻ 
һ߳Ϸϣɵм䣬ҵ˵ͷԼǰϢ 
賿ʱݣһֱҲû˯ԵҶѳ˯תӱʫѹ£һСףӱʫʱŪѣʱֲܽгҺǰŶ 
Ķϸ˵ιС꣡˵Ҳش𣬱ӣͬ˫ȷֿӱʫ˫ȡ 
ӱʫҲ֪ڸôŴСѨСףѽ˳Ҫӱʫ㱧ԡҡ 
ŵϴϣӱʫ˵Ҫô 
˵Ҳ˵ҪιС𣡡 
ӱʫ˵ܹ֣˵˼С꣬˼ɧ棬Щɣ 
ӱʫȥŪĴһֱǣ˵ϹҲҪҽг¿֪ 
оӱʫķʽоİ⣬ʼȫλΪӱʫСѨ񣬴̼СѨڵÿһһһνۻǳǳ룬任Ƕȡ仯ȵĸʽ壬ӱʫûиֻгĿ֚UϢݏںϡҲеһͬ塢ͬ𽥺϶Ϊһ 
ÿһԺӱʫĳݏֱӻĻϣ壻ÿγоĲҲݏĲVҲݏСѨ롣 
ʮӺͬʱһ߳ˣһ˲䣬ݏա 
߳ĺӱʫɧڵϣĴָ˵ɧ꣡һΣɱСѨС׺;ţ֪Բ 
ӱʫ˵ϹҲҪ֪ɷӦ 
ͺӱʫԡԭʼΪ˺ӱʫΣ˶õһһĸ߳ 
Ϻ󣬺ӱʫ߳ԡʱִӺ˵ɧţһҪ 
ӱʫ˵Ϲ˼Ҽ컹 
˵˭ҵôԸУҲԸ⣬ûԼԽԽ𣿡 
ӱʫ˵˼ҲϹֻɣ 
˵Сװҡ 
ӱʫ˵Ҫ˼ҳǶ˵ǰӲ鹵ŪֲʱȥĹͷϢӱʫС׸ϸŪֱ۷֡ 
Ҳ˷ʱ䣬ѺӱʫǽӱʫסΪ·˫ĺ£ҲٶȴӱʫСѨ 
ӱʫʷ˫磬Ŷѽţ 
һʼɿСѨ룬ӱʫͦ塣һĴתľţ˫סһ鷿ȴͣͣҲСѨ;Ͳ塣 
ӱʫ죬ˮͣӿ֣ﰡĲסؽеѽҪҪˮһ䣬ʱһ㿿ǽڵء 
ֽӱʫ춵ϣӱʫʱҲԴ󷢣˫ȣסĴ˵ٲҡǰһͦͷ˽ȥѽˬȥ 
˫סһŪŪúӱʫסһ˽һӿϹ 
ᣬº춵סҺ۵Ŀӱʫඪûڵϲͣ 
ݵӱʫߡӱʫſӣѴУѾҺ˸Ǭ 
ΪӱʫһҲϣ˵ϹԺҲҪҡ 
˵㲻𣿡 
ӱʫ˵˼Ҿǰ⼸Ҳǿ顱˼ңŪ˼ÿҲҪ㡰ǿ顱ſɰ˯ 
˵ɧɧţ 
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47Ŀ 

˾պȻͷԭڿһȥף˾պȻȴյְֵ֪ͨҪһֵͬһᣬԭ˾պȻҲͬһֲֵϲֵӦԣͬѧȥף 
˾պȻŻؼңķ˾պȻһǰ˵ô㻹ȥ˯ 
Ҳ˵˼뿴зȥ졣 
˾պȻ˵ǻȥ죡 
ļ˵Ǿ˰ɣͻȻһˮζ˾պȻɢˮõģǷƿ˾պȻ˵ȥΪôŮ˵ˮζ 
˾պȻͻȻһʣһʱ֮Ҳ޷ֻͣؽĴ򷮱˵Ĵ𰸵Ȼ㷮Ҫ󣬷ڴϲ˵˼ҵȴȥŮ 
˾պȻ˵ҿԷûŮ 
˵ûŮΪôŮ˵ˮζ 
˾պȻ˵µġ 
˵ҲŮˡȻϲŮˣԺҪҡ˵š 
˾պȻ춷С۵ԸҲֲ֣ÿÿҲһĪչҲԱܽ׽ؼ춴ϡ 
˵ǲң 
˾պȻϵ˿˯ȹ¶һ鹵¶٣һ֪գȹɴ£ɫ˿Сڿ֣˵ģҴŮˣһ˵һ˫ץڣ漴һ֣˿˯ȹͱ˾պȻ˺ã¶һԷ鷿ŷĺ 
һʱҲܷӦҲǿʼ˾պȻҲСڿҲ˺ƣִֻţ˾պȻ˵һĳͣƮš 
˾պȻҲдϢĻᣬѹŷּҽţ׽ŷ֣һ˫½žͽȷֿã漴е˾պȻ쵽СѨϣٱͣİһŪķоܣڲڳˮ֪Ҳֵסֻѹధţ㡭ҪңġҰɡԺ󡭡Ҳ㡭 
˾պȻ˵Ҳǵһ˵Ҫ֪һ㡣 
뿪˵ʱ˾պȻĴӣϣֻܷšš˾պȻּӽٵĽһܿĽͷ񷼴ȥŪͷͷⶥֿţĶ֣ӣСܿȫ׾ˡ 
˾պȻȫзСѨˮϴСѨӿָֻסСҵƶšֱӵĴ̼ܵǰδеĿУǿҵĴ̼ʹʶļͦ֫ϵǸӼˡ 
˾պȻָнСѨƽŵıڱȿеﴳֵֹĺܲȫоȴ˶ܡܿ˾պȻָȫ뷮СѨԽָٻ룬ֲŪʹĳͣ񵹿ԽܣʹȫΣ֫ҵͦţһɹɰҺӿ󼤲ʧ״̬ 
ˮϣҡͷʹСװ˾պȻǿǣһʹϣҪԡŹҡ 
˾պȻûлش𷴶ǿסӣͷٴڣǿһָоСѨѾǳʪܱ׵ķʳָһƸĦ٣һʳָڵŮеˡ 
ʱޱȣˮĺˮһ˾պȻһֶǣʱķӣǣ٣˶ŪţѾ̱˾պȻ˻ȥĦΣҪָͬʱԷСѨ;ƴĦ 
˾պȻġС֪Ϊηʹ˷ܣˮӿྐྵȻԾ˾պȻĽһ𣬻Խͦǿаǿʮ֮ã̲ס˵Ľд 
ͻȻ˾պȻеſˣæʱҵĽָһľΣһˮ˾պȻϡ˵һθ߳ȫ㺹죬ʱ˾պȻŷſ춸߳ʹڴϡ 
˾պȻٽڷϵҲѵֻԼһ˿ң֮˾պȻҲԼ룬Ҳ֪ᷢ£ﲻһ󱻁е 
˾պȻ˵ĽҲ˵ô׳ѹŷ˫һԵ飬ĴŷСѨһںס˷ߵ٣͵͵ġšһʹĸоϻʼļۡ 
˫棬Ψһ󱣻ı顣 
˾պȻĴҲʱѹͷСѨ˾պȻûܵʲôӣ˳һͦȫû 
šš񿹾ܲϵķӦĺ 
˾պȻʱҲ˫һ̬˵Ϊôң 
ͷһ಻ȥ˾պȻеСѨһֳִĴӹߵ˵˼ҸϹôֱԴҺöˣôôɣ 
һ˫鷿صס˾պȻţǽεһΣǽߵԳ֡ءһ˾պȻĵͷǷ񣬷ֻԵ䶯һ壬漴Ȼؽһ˫۽ס˾պȻˡ 
˾պȻһ˫һץס˫飬ش󸧣ʳָͻ 
˾պȻĹ˿ûеֿӻȣһ΢ѱ˾պȻȫȼ𡣺òĴ룬Ѿߺ˫գͨͨط̡ 
˾պȻٱĶͷ˫աĿ۾Ķǣͬʱߺ˵ҵС涣Ҫղܡ 
ߵ޿ٺ죬ֻнס˾պȻ˵ˡҾˣҪôУҶˡ 
˾պȻƽķΣʼ鶯һ±һһαһμʱ֮ʻˮ𣬷̡̡˵ˮͬʱҲѽķ˽ʱȥ֣ŤСѨڵļ˾պȻĴסеûһ˿϶ 
˾պȻ֪ʢϧͲ壬̡ˮ죬žžöܵã˽ţáϹ١ٿ졭һ㡭㡭򡭴ҡҡҵӡˣϹ졭ءһ㡭ҡá͡ҡҪɡ졭ˣԸ㡭ˬٿһ㡭Щˡ 
˾պȻһ߳差һ˫ڷǼͦ鷿࣬˫Ử鷿ǰһԵ鷿£Ū÷Գ֣㷢ɢϺ£һǴŨ飬һ˫۰հﲨ촽Σ̲סҪǰժ˾պȻ䶯ӭϣ촽ϼϣϢǰʮ顣ǵϸƤҪγˮһһѩ⣬⻬ļӨ͸ 
˾պȻƴͦسͣÿһڶ뷮ӹٿڣ˫žҵ°ڶʮֵˡ 
˵รš̫̫ˡϹϹˣ 
˾պȻ˵˷ܵҡڣصĳٶȸ졢أʹ˵ˮˮ 
˽ţˡҪˣ 
˾պȻĳͶͣذڶθӭ˾պȻĳ͡㺹ķԼ鷿зɺɡĽͻȻȫһһԸ߳ 
˾պȻ֪ٳ۳ˣ㷭ת÷ΰڴϣoӺ󽫴뷮СѨ鵴ͣVVؿ 
߳ѹСѨɧ뿪ڽжȴԼҳѹ֮鼱֮£һͦ˵ݣĥ˼ң 
˾պȻֿʼԷСѨͣʱѾмܣֻ塣˾պȻֻͷײͷ˫ֺƣ⾡ֿһЩֲһ¡ 
ӣֱ˽ţϹϹ졭ҡҿ졭졭 
ʼһ󰧺˾պȻ֪ĸֿ߳ˣǱӿٶȡʱѱû˽ţϹ㡭ҡáϹҡҪɡˡ㡭㡭Ҫ塭ҡˣҡҡҿ졭졭ˡߡС̫̫ᡭˡҡҿ졭šŲססˣ 
ŤҵĲˮйˣһ˲䷮ˣһˮ˾պȻĴͳʮԺ󣬴ҲˣҺע뷮ӹ 
ӹŴľҺ˾պȻ͵СҲɵΪϵˮ;Һ 
˾պȻ̸ϣſУ챻˾պȻǿķʽǰδеĿк㣬˾պȻǿӵ£ޱſ϶Ľ硣 
峿˾պȻŪѣſ˾պȻǰһ鲻סؿĥ䣬˫պ̬䣬ݺݵ˵㿴˼ҵ·Ҳ˺ƣҪҼˣ 
˾պȻ˵СۣҾһΡ 
˵˼Ҳǽ㣬ŻСۣ 
˾պȻ̬Ҳ˵Сˣҵҵ˽ϰ࣬ϴ㲻ûŮˡ 
ߵ˵С 
˾պȻ˵㲻ͬ𣿡һԾѹϣ˵㲻˵ 
˵Ū˼Һۣȥϴ˼ҲŴӦ˾պȻȻܾ޵Ҫ 
ԡ˾պȻԼϴÿһ˾պȻ˵ˣ𣿡 
˵⣡Ū˼ҺɧһҲûУϹ㲻ãҪ㱧ȥ¡ 
˾պȻ淮ĨǬٹԡٿû˲űŷ߻ķæһΪŪŷĿϣ˾պȻ·װϺ󷮱˾պȻϣ˵ϹҪԺÿҲҪϴ衣 
˾պȻ˵ղŲ˵ŪɧΪҪϴ衣 
˵ϲָоºֿҪҡ 
˾պȻ˵ãÿҲ룬ȢԸǲ֪ĸݡ 
ڷһᣬȥ͡ 
ֻˣ˾պȻͷȥȥɼٵıɼ٣ִ﷢չȥ 
ڶɼڼ䣬˾պȻͷʱÿ˾պȻŮ죬ͻᷢС۵Ը񣬶˾պȻֻϸͣҲܣÿһҲ˾պȻԡǿķʽʩѹŹԹԵĽ˾պȻĽ͡ 
˾պȻģַС۵Ը񲻵ûиƷ䱾ÿԡǿķʽԸȻüĿ仹չ¶ɫһβԣԱ֮̽Ŀġ 
һ죬ʱ˾պȻڷǰµ˾飬ö˵С۵Ըַ˾պȻûнͣڷرҲûᷮ񣬲ߵӾգ֪ľ˯ˣһȻƽ 
˵ڶϣ˾պȻŪѣ˵Ϲ𴲣˯û 
˾պȻ˵ȻûУҲô𴲣Ӿ𣿡 
˵ôҾɣ˵˾պȻһͬط¡ 
ֻһɫӾ£ǰ濴ϲûôرֻ¶鹵¶񱳡ɹҲ֣Ӳ濴ȥԿٲ򣬾Ρ 
˾պȻͷӾӾʱҲûв¼Ҳûἰ£ôҲûзֱιӾӾԱߵϢʱ˾պȻԷֽȻͬıҲе֣ҹ˼⡣ 
ǣ˾պȻ򷮱˵ţЩ˵ 
˹ȥ˾պȻһһ뻳˵С 
˾պȻ˵ҷ죬ŮӴʱǲǲҡôң 
ûлشֻߵҡͷ˾պȻȻҲ֪ڣȻҪ˽ǰ׷ʺ󣬷ͨ˵Ϲ˵˳㲻Ҫ𣿡 
˾պȻ˵ҴӦ㣡 
µ˵Դ˺˼ҵ·١١˼ңֱĸоʹ˼ҡʹ˼ҡܡܡԡ 
˾պȻҲµ˼˵ԣÿһһΡǿ㣬˭֪ʩʩʱûĵԽҡ 
˵ܻЦ˼ң 
˾պȻЦ˵ǻȡЦ㣬ţҲ 
˵˵Ҿ 
˾պȻ˵ˣҲ˵Ҳʧ 
˵ûʧҪ㲹 
˾պȻ˵㲻ҪһҪ㡣˵ʹһŷһҲزӾŪһ˫鷿 
˵ſңҲ 
˾պȻûзɷø˵Ź޵ţ 
˵ϹŹңҴӦҪҲԣ 
˾պȻ˵ҵȻҪҲҪŷ񱳡硢۾һֱĶϡ 
˾պȻڷĶҧ⣬һ˫ָӾڣͣشŪһ˫飻ʹɧѩ׵˾պȻǰ˾պȻŰ˾պȻȻŹһ˫ֺдŪ٣ٷӲǸӾҲɼ˾պȻһںӾµҧ 
˾պȻŪûȣСѨĻʼˮе˾պȻһӾСѨΪⱻ˾պȻɧֻ̬ᰴ˾պȻֹ֣˾պȻСѨ͸׾ݣֻ˵Ϲ㱧˼ҡࡡݣӴѹٸ𡭰ˡšá 
˾պȻûᣬŪͷ½ϣԲķǰȫչʾǰҲܱܿ˾պȻĽȣ˵㲻Ҫ˵ˣҲŹ㡣˵ӾһҧСѨ 
˾պȻͻȻһҧŵȫһСѨһ鴤ССһСѨйһˮ񲻽ԼΪҲ˾պȻŪһθ߳ߵòͷܿ˾պȻĿ⣬˾պȻЦ˵ţһϸĵĺú÷㣬Ūʹġ 
˾պȻʼǱ鷮Ĵڲ࣬ӾСѨ;ţָСѨ;ֻ̽ҧָ˵ĿУСԲʱ߳˽˾պȻһһֵĽȫʧأһνһεĸ߳ʹСѨ;ŵĸйˮŪһǽ塣 
˾պȻҲ£˵ţҪˣζŸղŵĸ߳˾պȻϵķӦʹ˾պȻĴСѨĿ顣 
˾պȻӾµļӾ¾Ľ˾պȻȫû̧ܵ˾պȻȥӾ¡˾պȻŷǰŮʵǸƷÿһ缡ǶԾ@ɰ飬˵ķϸ塢ͦеԡͷǶôۡɬذһʥַ塣 
˾պȻ˾ѹڷϣֿ˷ѩ׵˫ȣϲˮδǬСѨŶڷƽеͬʱƺȰ»Ҫ飬˾պȻĴŲ뷮СѨһ֮ʱѾβ϶˾պȻʪõĪĳʵ㣬гһ 
˾պȻ켲ĳ壬һ𣬲ʱ˼ײžžžž죬飬һԭһʹʵļϽ޺⣬˷ܵצֽŽ˾պȻСѨϱ˾պȻŪ÷ɽˮ 
˾պȻоСѨһ޳ݵСҧס˴ϵ䶯ĥʵϵĿ˾պȻͷƤ͡˾պȻͦŴڽ۵СѨгţͷϵĹۻڣȵˮһһɵӿ 
תչǰ˾պȻӵĿܣһֻͦоͷ뵽ӹͷ۶ӹϣͷӹǻ۽ 
Ľţ㣬̫ˡۣôͣܲˡ 
˾պȻͦ壬ڷխĳ壬ֻš꣡꣡꣡ϡ 
սF죬ϢصĽţҪͣ 
˾պȻɵԽ𾢣ַŷ۸еԵβ۵СѨпٵĳţ˾պȻߣԿŴĽͷġ 
۵ͻȻֿʼ˾պȻҲʼ鴤̵ˮһһĸ߳ͣӿ֣ȴҲƲסûҡˡҡҡҡҡšˡ 
ʱѾȫ߳ļУþȫͶ˾պȻĴҪ˾պȻԼ˵춥ˡˡðҡ塭ҡ 
ʱҵ䶯ǿ˱˾պȻĴһɹŨ̵ˮͣĽ˾պȻĹͷϣ˾պȻҲѳֲסأһŨ׾Һ˷ӹ̵ˡסγϲ 
˾պȻ˵ķ˵ʵһ϶׶ûУͷķתͷ˾պȻǣۻ˾պȻĿڽʶţʵ¶˾պȻĿУ˾պȻḧڹ⾧㷢Ǻ彻ʣ󣬾þòԸ 
˾պȻͷŷĿӣ˫ֺ̬䡣ݺݵ˵ʲôÿû𣿡 
˾պȻЦ˵ǻû 
ƿ˾պȻټĳղʰϵӾϵҪλһ˵ʵشңûкŮӾ 
˾պȻЦ˵ˣ 
ĵ˵һкŮӾ 
˾պȻûлشһֱ㳶ȥŷϵӾ£ͦأ˵ǲС۵ë 
˾պȻһѽڻ˵ţ֪ڸôֶ㲻 
Ĳ˵˼ϲ㣬㻹ô˵ʹ˾պȻֵһ鷿ϡ 
˾պȻһߴŪ鷿һ˵㲻¸˿𣿡 
һߵ鷿͵˾պȻľ˵˵š˿ѽ 
˾պȻſ鷿˵ţҪңֻһ 
˵Ҳֻ㡣 
˾պȻ˵ǽ˻ȥ£ 
˵ȥҲû⣬Ҫȥ庣̲ҾͲϲ 
˾պȻ˵ǲ¸˿ҿŮ 
˵ˣ˾պȻ˵ϲ찮 
˾պȻЦ˵ 
˵˼ϲǰһ㻹찮 
˾պȻ˵һ˵δȷشѿֲõİһ˫顣 
ҲӭϣСŪ˾պȻĴһСѨ£ԲķҲµİڶæһһθ߳ı˾պȻ˵ҪֻӣҪ㲻뿪ҡ 
˾պȻ˵Ҳ뿪㡣 
ӾӾأĵ˾պȻ˵ֻҪϲκεطҲԽ˼ѵóΪΪ 
˾պȻ˵㷴 
˵Խ˼ҵ·˺ƺôң 
˾պȻ˵СȥԸ㣡 
˵㻹˵ȥ˼Ըң 
˾պȻЦ˵Сˣ㱧𷮱߻ڣ𷮱 
ļϲͬʽӾ˾պȻӾĽѵһ˿ӾԡΪӹÿҲ˾պȻע롰ʵġҺ 
ڼںǾͿʼﱸǷ񡰷ӳɻ顱˵ܡ




48 

Ҷͺӱʫ춿ϺǱ㰴ԭļƻضɼ٣ѡ˲طȻǲǵһεɼ٣ǵһһɼ٣ԾȤ 
סһͨĶɼپƵ꣬Ϊ˷˷䷿ʵͬס 
Ҷͺӱʫ磬ҲȴطǴǴϱȻӾ£ټһɴȹõչ֣ҲһЩ˵ҶͺӱʫֵڣΪٷգÿÿҲЩɫɫĿ⡣ 
һϣھƵһ˽˺̲ӾҶεˮĵطӱʫӾڰϢ 
ʱ纣̲ڻϡ裬Ҷˮʱ˵Ϲ˼ЩۣҪ㱧һذ 
ıܵҶǸӾ£Ǹеһ˫Ҳ֪Ҷ˵ұҲԣҲҪһ£ 
Ҷ˵Ҫ㣿ͽҶתǰٰҶ漴һ죬˵Ϲù֡ΪСеӲĴš 
˵ţңܿջҲȥ󡣡 
Ҷ˵СɫԼɫҲ˼ҡ 
˵˵Ҳǿ㡣˵㱧Ҷˮĵطȥ 
Ҷʱ˵ôЩſҡ 
˵ȥ侲һŻȥ㲻ʣֻίһᡣ 
Ҷ˵Ҳ 
˵ţͺİæһҲ侲˵һ˫ֱӾıķΡ 
Ҷ֪ؿԷ٣Ҳûˣ˵ɫ 
ʱҶܰ˵ţĵװ·ɣ 
Ҷ˵ɫҪ˼һ߿һӾ㣬һֻͳĴ 
ҲҶķϽϣնСѨʱ˵ͷɫǱϲϷŪ㡣˵겻Ҷ㽫СѨʱŪҶС׷šһ 
Ҷʱæ˫Χӡ˫ķΣˮеĸ׵ذҲ漴ʼҶӦʺҲӴʱ룬Ǽֱȡ 
ҶųÿÿӹڣڷӭĽһθ߳С׸šͣΪ˷֣˫ֽıסͷԸеӣʹľ״ҲҶΪſ˫˱ͷ 
ʱǵ췭أһᣬҶȻӾµΧߣۺСɵͦķӲվڻԲ鷿ϣһ˫Ʒȫ¶ڿУҶ˵ਡѽਡѽϹҪਡϲһһߡ찮 
ɧ˵Ҷ鷿ǰһھͳԸе٣ٱਵĸоϵĴҶѲı۾ķ 
ҶٸһֳҶֿʼнĳ鴤æסԼСף˵ܲˡˡҪϹȫءҡ 
֪Ҷ߳٣һٶ£ÿһؾֱҶʹһֱͣСѨְģˬ쵽˼㡣 
±ҶСѨһҲͲסˣ֮㽫ҺȫעҶӹҶһ̣߳ٴνٵϡºǱҶһСһḧŻеμˣܸ߳¡ 
ӾʱֽȥḧҶ鷿Ҷæֹ˵Ϲ㲻˵һ˫ȻӾµΧڣ˵Ҫһᡣ 
Ҷͷæͷӡ˫˫ͬʱһ飬ʱͷҲځѡ 
Ҷ˵Ϲϲ찮 
˵ϲһϲ찮֪뷨 
Ҷ˵ɵϣԼɣûشٺһҶذߡ 
صʱǿӱʫİ죬ǰ˽֪İһСһСǿ˶ɼٵѧղһЩС̲ӱʫһЩֹƷӱʫЩﲻͨһᣬССǿ·Щ̷ 
춴Ҳ˼֪ͬͬĸоԺܿˣССǿҲûԺӱʫҶа㲻죻ûкӱʫҶ½ģһֱССǿĶ 
ССǿӱʫҶһеصʽĲţڷʱССǿԼӱʫҶһͬǲ˱òϴӦˡ 
ӱʫ˵ 
Ҷ˵Ҳ 
˵ûһߣ 
Ҷ˵˵׷ҲԳԡǵֲϹ 
ӱʫ˵Ϲ𣿡 
˵ֻҲŻС 
ӱʫ˵˵ǣ˵ҺͿû׷󡣡 
Ҷ˵Ϲ˵Ҳһã 
˵ôҶá 
Ҷ˵ǾҺʫʫȥӦԼ㲻ɸҺʫʫûȥҺʫʫ䣬𣿡 
һϻѣֻÿӲ˵ǽʱѿʼƻǵĺ£ҪԼһһñ 
˻ƻʱӱʫһȹҶʹT ӶȹǾϤĵĴǰӦԼİŮȥ˵ԼʮܣӱʫҶߺ󲻾ñSSĸȥԶԶĸǺ治Ƿ֡ 
 DiscoǵлûĿ⣬һİŮʱˣԭһжļ£ϧ뿪 DiscoʱӿǛ_ɢˣĴҺӱʫҶʧֻüһᣬµҶĵ绰δܽͨµӱʫ绰ԼӺ󣬺ӱʫŴ˵Ϲҡô£ 
˵ 
ӱʫ˵ҺͿ˾Ƶꡭ㲻ҪôЩ㡭˵ߡ 
һٶȸϻؾƵ꣬ߵǰʱһԼ׼źһ顣 
ں󣬺ӱʫҶ㻶ϲصĻ˵ӮˣϹˡ 
ȫû˵ԺҲܵԼΪҵţһҲ١ 
Ҷ˵Ҳϲȱǡ 
ӱʫ˵ϹԺҪúϧ۰ǡ 
˵вϧ۰ǣҪúú 
ӱʫ˵˲𣡡 
Ҷ˵˵Һʫʫ䣬𣿡 
˵ǣûй 
Ҷ˵ѵ㲻ѵҪҪȥ 
һʱ޷ֻ˵ҲǣҿɰĴţ𣿡 
Ҷ˵ҲĴţСš 
ӱʫ˵ҲĴšϹ㲻Ҫ⣬ˣҪԼ˼ԼĹʧ 
˵÷˼ˣ֪ҴˣԺҲҪϧһҲ٣ҲǶֻҶһ˲ܷµĸ飬ԸһŵҲһһġ 
ӱʫ˵Ϲûƭˡ˵һǡ 
Ҷ˵ϹҸ㣬Һʫʫǰã˵ҪԶߣʵɿʼҲû뿪㣬Լûİɣ 
˵ҶûִСĵһ 
Ҷ˵ȻҪִССȻԵóһЩ 
˵ѵŲ𣿡 
ӱʫ˵СſԵóһЩŵȻһЩȨǻ 
˵ЩȨ 
ӱʫ˵Ҳ˵֪ 
Ҷ˵˵֪𣿡 
Ҷ˵Ҳ˵֪Ϲô 
ҶĪһӱʫע⣬һֻסҶһߵ鷿ҲеһֻѽϮԼ鷿˵˼ҽҲûӦ㡣 
˵žͿһκ𣿡 
Ҷ˵Щͣ֡СȴĴT ڣȻҲʧһѴԽְŪҶ鷿 
Եĺӱʫ˵ù֡ȫû𱸵˼ǻϵ·ֱΪֹ 
Ҷ˵Ϲ˼ҴӦǣ㲻ҪǿҶͺӱʫȥϵT Ͷȹֻʣһɫ˿ڿ㡣 
ֱڶϸ˵СװҰɣ 
Ҷ˵ˡҲԹԵĹǰСŪĴºһڱ㺬סŪֽĴ鹵ŪͷֳʱСŪ 
һһϸûǻԵĺӱʫһźӱʫ·鷿һӱʫҲϢӱʫ˵ҪŪ˼ҡСĴֵĵλãҲ˼ӱʫҲɵļ磬ȹڵذϣһɫֵ޼˿֣ټͬһϵеĶֿ㣬˵㴩ԸǷңںӱʫϸ˵ҺͿºٺú÷𣿡 
ӱʫߵ˵֪ 
Ǻӱʫһº󣬱Ҷߵǰ˱Ĵϣһְָźӱʫ鷿һ̽ҶСڿڣŪСѨһҶҶҲͷӣϣӱʫҲսĶӡν޵ļлҲȽӱʫƿСһºͽҶѹڴϣСףҶҲ࣬ǵʲҲʼСڿ㡣 
Ҷ˵Сţʪ 
Ҷߵ˵ϹҲ 
˵ʱҲС˵ҶˮСѨʼҶӦҲӿʣҶҲ̧ôøҲʼйһһɵˮꡭꡭˮľϡҶҲûгΪСţСֻܡѽѽϸ 
ҶͻȻֽҶŪſڴϣҲԲķ𣬵ȺСѨķʱͷȴľϣ˵ţԸŪ𣿡 
Ҷͣ˵ҲǵһθŪ㻹ô 
ſҶľţһȻﻺⶴ˸ 
Ҷ˵Ϲ˼ҽӦҲԡ鶯ɣ 
Ц˵СţҰ㡣˵ŰѴ鶯쳣ýӦǽſʼٴ壬һ˫ҲҶҸ´Ūһ顣 
Ҷ˵ޡһºٶһ㡭áҡ 
ӽžžŪʮºҶǰСѨˮ࣬Ҷ˵ҺšˬҪֻ˲桭ѽǰҲҪ塭šϹҡ 
ôҶСѨ;ųͣҲûԵĺӱʫһͦͦ֫һӱʫ˵ţϹ 
ӱʫҲו§ס˵ϹŪŪһСڿ㣬֮ˮģӱʫԻȵĽһʺ࣬ʱһʲʱûȣȻҲ׺ӱʫҲڷ飬ǵһĶȥλνޡ 
ӱʫǺͰ£ϢԽԽأСѨˮסؿӿͷǳǱѿǣϸ˵˼ܲסˣ˼ҪϹ㡭 
˵ҲˣºܾҲС 
ӱʫ˵ɫϹ 
ҶŪ춴ϣԴСѨչһֹƣʱҶҲ֪˶ٻأځѣӱʫҲҶ࣬˫סһ鷿ŪҶŪˮĽѡ 
һᣬҶҲܲͺӱʫļл˵ˬˡšܲˡϹҡӱʫÿ 
ҶҲצ㽫ţٴμӿٶȳ壬Ҷ˫Ŀ˿ֻǲͣΣȴس̣ϻζӭգҶ˵ҡҪҪϹȾϹҡӹȥ˵ǡ 
һһ߳壬Ҷܿ鴤ˮһйҲȵľҺӹ 
˫˫ӵסͣشһϢḧҶ㷢˵𣿡 
Ҷҡҡͷһ£˵оĺܺãϲѸ㱧档 
һ£˵СϢһɣ˵γֽһԵĺӱʫ뻳 
źӱʫ˵Ҫ㣿 
ӱʫ˵˼Ҳûֹ㡣˵ּͦһԼͦ鷿˵Ϲ 
Ҳ˵һһỺһ飬ӱʫڵ죬˵Ϲ㲻Ҫֻҵ䣬ҲҵСѨ 
˵Ҳ棬Ҫվ򡣡 
ӱʫ˵ϷŪ˼ҡվڴϣ͵ǰ 
ӱʫԸеĶֿ£ͬʱСѨմˮһϣͷѨڣŪ٣ӱʫҲᰴͷСѨϣͬʱҲˮлķ 
ӱʫŪ͵ˮйŻɧһֱסһסĴ˵ҡҪңҲԸ⡣˵Ĵϣմһȫ㴳СѨǰһͣСѨҡΣ˵˼ҺҡŰˬˡ 
˵ţļ𣿡 
ӱʫ˵˼ôҲӦ㣬ڻ˵Ϲᡣ 
źӱʫķοʼ壬Ķϸ˵ҸղһΣԳ־һЩںúΪһ𣿡 
ӱʫ˵ľֻƭ˼ңҲ˵˵һ鷿и߲һ۵С֮ʱһ˱һ鷿Ūúӱʫͷ˵ֻ۾鷿ĿС 
ķμ壬ӱʫйˮ࣬ƤĽһЩͿľšһЩͿָϣӱʫ֮ʣ˳źӱʫķ׹֮ƽָȫľţӱʫʱһ˳ָʱӱʫ֣ҡΣ˵ҪͣϲҲӦ桭ҲԡɡҪ㡭ҡˬˡá 
Ȼܾסӱʫһ߷棬ͬʱֳӱʫСѨ;šӱʫˬһʱסǣһʱְһ˫ҪਣһһΡӱʫһˮĴʱҲ֧ſͦأһɾҺ 
ӱʫҲһθ߳Һ󣬻᲻ô룬˵ϹÿɶŪ˼ôҲҪôң׼ 
סӱʫº󣬱˵ҿɰĴµҲҲӡ 
ʱҶЦ˵ʫʫǿɰĴţС 
ҲҶ뻳˵ԸеСš 
Ҷ˵ɣϹ˼Ҳˣס˯˵һסһ飬˵ϹҰ㡣 
λޡ춾ļս˺ܿ硣 
ʱҶͺӱʫ˵𴲣ҹĴδѹǺӱʫҡСѨȥŪӲҹںӱʫСѨˮ;ҺδǬ͸δг彥졣ԵҶһʱͯδһ鷿ϣһһ鷿˵Ϲ𴲣 
һҲѹһ㿴龰˵ô˶ 
Ҷ˵˼ǳȥ 
ӱʫû˵ôֻǰڶεٶȼӿ죬С򷢳ѽѽ룬״ҲͦûúӱʫˮһйһС߳Ϣһ³ſ˵ϲ˼ҳ󡣡 
˵ǳͿԶҵƯšڸ߳һֱ̼ʹһḧߵĺӱʫҶһ߳ד˵ŵ㣬ӱʫҶҲŮҲϲדĻŭš 
ӱʫ˵דˡ 
˵ұһϴӱʫҶҲ˳ĸš˵ٹ±㲻챧ǡ 
Ҷ˵Ϊô 
Ͷ˾첢¼ãٹҪӪʼѵĴǷֿһӡ 
ӱʫ˵Ϲ᲻㣡 
˵ɵϣֲǲ˱ҪҵΡ 
Ҷ˵ϹҰ㣡˵һ鲻סؿĥ䡣 
ӱʫ˵лϹҲ֪˵ôǺá㱧ǡ 
Ҷ˵Ϲڷϴһϴһҡ 
ӱʫ˵Ҫ˽ԡǱһԡҡ 
ԡҳһԡ⣬䴦һ_䣬Л_õͷ˛_䣬ӱʫҶˮº׼Ϊԡʱȴܾ˵ҹҲˣϹϴɣ 
ҶԼ˫飬˵ϲɣҪϸĵΪϴӱʫҲһ˫鷿ϣ˵Ϲϲһһϴ 
ͿʼֿڲΪӱʫҶϴŮη˵ֿ֮ÿҲ飬ϳ棬ʱˣźǺǡȻϡ 
ӱʫҶǵ񱳽סţ˵Ǻʱôɧ 
ӱʫ˵ҹҪſʼҶ˵ѵ㲻ϲ𣿡 
˵ǻ᲻ϲ֪ҹļƻ˭ 
Ҷ˵ġʫʫҲ޳ 
ӱʫ˵Ϲ 
˵Ҫȶлλ޵һ⣬һǲԡ 
ӱʫ˵ô²ԣ 
˵ҹҪǺá 
Ҷ˵ϹҲû뵽˼ҲӦţҴӦԺҲİԼᡣ 
˵ҲǹǡҶͺӱʫҲû˵ȥԡ黰һ߻ط 
һ죬ǳ˾ƵṩСͧС棬ǵִСʱϲûзḻִʩȴһˮɳ׵ĺ̲Ҷͺӱʫ뷱ɼȷһѵĵط 
СǺܿһȦǱں̲һƫƧϢ˵ٹҪȥЩᡣ 
Ҷ˵᲻ô 
˵᲻Щңڵǣ 
ӱʫ˵᲻ô 
Ц˵᲻ǴԸеıȻӾǰȥ龰 
Ҷ˵ɫϹ˼ҵ¿Ӿ»ԸУ㲻ϲ𣿡 
ӱʫ˵Ϲڱ㿴༸۰ɣ 
˵ֹҪҪ༸¡һ˵꣬Ӻ§ǵҶͺӱʫƳֵŤͼ㣬סǶϸǺ˵ǵĶⲻϵƶŪҪʱȫȻĽͷļϣһŪһӾץ鷿Ҷͺӱʫ̲סͺߣ۲価˵̬ 
ȽҶıȻӾΧҶʱ˫ֻһ鷿˵ϹҪ˿ 
˵ǰѿҰˣټϺͬȥǱˮ 
ӱʫ˵Ҳ 
ӱʫһ˵Ҳ 
ӱʫ˵ 
һӱʫӾһζĦ٣ĥĲˮ˵㻹²𣿡 
ӱʫŪ۰뿪һ˫˵ϹҪȫûκ˵ǻᣬ˵ѵԷŹ㣡ȽӱʫıȻӾΧ£ӾҲķΣδܵκӱʫ״ڻⱻ󰮣һּֿ飬ԸС 
źӱʫڵϣһģһ˫ֻһ鷿СѨһܻӭ̬ǣĿźӱʫŽ鷿СƿһŪ٣ӱʫſʱϽ˫Ϻӱʫ۵ӣ˿ıݣӱʫֻں䷢΢΢ૡ 
뿪ӱʫĿǻ󣬿ʼŪਣ٣ٺ˱ͷƵԲݶʱӱʫʼڶ֫ţһᣬٴ»۵ĴڲĻŪӱʫûģΪ˫ַֿӱʫķȣҲߵߣʳСѨ;ŲͣŪӱʫСѨˮͣʱֻţŶŶϹСˡ͡ҡšٱŪһһˮСѨӱʫһθ߳ 
ſӱʫϢҲıĿ꿴ԵҶ 
ԵҶĳ棬Ҳ֮࣬ʣֱ춵ϼԲķΣ˵ҿҹûиŪˣҶӾ㣬֮䣬·ʼص򣬺һҶβɵͷŪŹɹľصɨⶥų۵ľ٣΢΢ʹͷ䷢ʵĽߡš룬СѨϵıͷ湴ˮҶС׷ŶŶСˡšҡҪˡšŶҶֱ£һˮٵҲԵһ׵ˮ 
ڵϵĺӱʫ˫ȷֿ˵Ϲһһϵݏ֣ٴȼʳʳָ̽ӱʫ 
ﺬе٣ָͷٶȣĲСѨʱڣˮˮйƵıڶӱʫʱͦСѨܵ﷢һǿйˮյȫգӱʫ忪ʼѣ˦һŽУŶŶҪˡšҡءϹˡҡС 
ѨɵָŪ£ӱʫ˷ܵˮй⣬ͷҲ˦ˣҲͦˣȫزǼٶأۼձĸκ죬̺˫ʱĶš 
ҶϢ󣬱˵ϹʫʫϢһº𣿡˵۹⿴ĵͷ˵ϡҡ 
Ҷһ˵§ڻҶ§һڵϣһסŪС΢Žͷź˱̲סβǰҶüͷĿƮƨϺݺݵĴһ¡žͷ룬ֱͷ³ȻȻ롢³³ʱԽסͷ 
ҶŪ˷ܵͺߣŶš㡭ҵĥ͸ˡ 
ҶһʱҲԼ٣ʱ̽СѨڣһᣬҶСѨˮ˼ҪſãҶſڵϲѷ𣬻ԲķηǳԸˣҶͷ̬ʹ󣬴ѨڣЩˮ󻬣βǰһͦ֨һͷСѨڶֱӹڣҶ̲סһʱͷһ·ˮ⣬ֱͷѨȻ룬չĶ̡ 
ҶʼҵϹðҺšСѨᡭᱻáҡڿһ㡭 
ҶĹ£ĴԵø䣬ÿСѨǶӹڣҶСѨ֡顢ᣬӭײ˫ȲʱĲҶҲ̲ס߽һϹҪ߳ˡŶŶšˡϹСˡ 
Ҷ߳Աԭſţʾӱʫſ򣬺ӱʫҲɵſ£ҽβźӱʫСѨһӴСѨ̲룬һ壬һ߳źӱʫһֻҶСѨڣӱʫ߳Ĵ̰γŽմˮĴֱӸҶСѨҶϵĽβ󶥣ڴ͵ײ£ҶʴǵϹ͡ĺСѨĺŶŶ졭ҪˡŶŶš 
ҶˮĴϣſڵϴϢҶѾ߳ٳлǴٶϺӱʫСѨӱʫΪ˿ЩӴһ󣬾нԭͽխСѨоСѨҿʼ̡žžžһײӱʫź´ﵽ߳侫 
ڵϣõ飬ϸĹʵӱʫҶ˫ںӱʫҶĽš 
ϢҲΪӱʫҶӾ£ٵĸ_ 
ڵϹۿȴľɫźӱʫҶ˵ţҵĺýޣ 
Ҷ˵Ϲղô֣Ū˼βƽϡ 
ӱʫ˵´˼ң˼е׼˵Ҷ֪˵˻ӱʫʱߵ߿ 
ǻŹӱʫܿһѺӱʫ뺣ҶļܿΪ˻սӱʫҶϵҪλΪĿ꣬ӱʫҶҲԹԵΪ۵ᡣ 
ϣӱʫҶԡھƷ̨ϵ͵ĺ磬ִӺǣҶ˵Ϲ㲻ҪôҲûУ 
˵ǲǷҡһҶԡڴ飬һߺӱʫԡָȥŪ١ 
ӱʫҶ˸˫ִ̨ϣͬʱҲԲķθ߸𣬶ĳ壬ӱʫҶ˶ֱﵽ˸߳ 
˵ǵɣ 
źӱʫҶڣҲֱΨһԡۣ֮ڱ㴫˵ 
ںչµһҳ




49սᣨ֣ 

תۼֹ꣬˾պȻͷڴѧҵ󲻾þͽ˻飬һ󷮱Ϊ˾պȻŮһе̥˾պȻͳм˼⣬ԺӪǵרŵ꣬ƾܼרŵŪɫȫٶ࿪ֵꡣ 
ڴѧҵͶ磬ƾѧͱ֣ǹ·Ѳ߶ӵСָӹ٣Ҷһ˾ﵱԹʦӱʫͿʦִգ幫˾ﵱɹʡ 
Ҷͺӱʫ˶ûн飬ǹͬӵӣ˵İԭͬӵĵطӶôӮȡĽͶʣڹеĸߍoڣһԪʲİְ⵽еƲѰڹдкǰϵйƱۣұʲšҵһ˫ļ۸ƽ 
ҶͺӱʫİƽǼƹ˾ƺװѻȻһ£һʿĴ¥ͬӵĵطڱ鷿Ϣң¥ҶͺӱʫĿʽ˯˵ñ䣬ʵ˵˯ 
˵ͬӹϵڰĸĸصϤǵĹϵҶͺӱʫĸĸ෴ǣҶͺӱʫĿʵؽǵĹϵοĿĸĸΪͬʱȢλǳĵϱ 
һ죬ӱʫ°Էؼң̤ҶĹ˾ͻҪԲܻؼңѾûлؼңԭܰİھֻԼһˡ 
ӱʫܵǽڣ뵽ûлؼһϢҲûУôҲԹ޷ҵӱʫԽԽ֮²ϹÿɶҺ㣡ҲһǱ¥ȥʱ绰һ硣 
ӱʫ磬绰е˵⼸ȥһ߽绰һ¥ȥ 
绰е˵Ǽ˶˵֪֪֪Һ㣡 
ӱʫ˵ң 
˵Ҳھͻ㣬ûˣ 
ʱӱʫߵ˶¥˵ھҪ㱧𣿡 
ͻȻӱʫһ˫ִӺţ˵ȻԣȺӱʫظһͷ޵ӣӱʫûмж죬ҲԵ쳣飬ڱɱǰҲһɨգһԼµ˫ֻӣڸ߽ŸһںסͷƷɵĽҺ 
ӱʫʷвסͬʱӦһεĶСذƿһ㣬וصɫǣ⼸ȥûкĽͣ뱧ң 
˵⼸ҲܲרСԸһ͵ţһҲڵϢϲ´ǲͨϢҲҲңҺҹ͵жʱǷֲҳɹ߽⣬ҽܻؼ㡣 
ӱʫ˵ûҺͿ 
˵һͬǡ˵ֵͷȥ 
ӱʫЦŰͷ𿪣˫˵ò˰ȷſҺҪȥϴ 
Χָӱʫ˵ҲϴʹϹһϴɣ 
ӱʫڸ߽Ÿһڣ˵㲻Ҫ˵һŨ񣬽Űͷһ꣬סš 
һźӱʫ·ḧ鷿࣬˵˳ڵӣ֪ܲǶô۰Ϳ 
Ҫ·סһֻ鷿ʱӱʫйӱʫ֪ԼҲģһȻľ״ǵСףӱʫر۾ӣ΢һ鶯ͷѴӱʫʹס˱һᣬһ 
ָһŪһ鷿˵ˡ⿪ӱʫװ׵ǰť@ӱʫҲ¡ 
ʼȥ⿪Ŀ@ʱӱʫ˵ҪҲ˵⿪Ŀ@ó㻬ذϣչ¶һ˫޳ȡæĽ⿪ǰťۣҲ£Ӻӱʫ½ֽȥһֻѰסϵСУԲͦ˵ͷӲöĴ춴ָֻ࣬ɨףټز˫ָǿͷһĴ̼̺ӱʫòԾذͷѹظ 
ӱʫֻߵ˵ϹҪһ˵꣬͵ؽԴѹ£סȴ̴̵ľٶӵŲ¥ȥһߺǣһϵ·ӱʫȴϷŹǣһ˫Ȼӣǲݡ 
ߵݼʱӱʫһ˵Ϲ˼Ҳ˵Ҫ˵¥ȥ 
Ѹյӱʫܻӭ̬㣬Ϊ˷ܣǰӱʫһٽĳ¶һȥְѺӱʫһ˫ָ߾ٹͷѹǽϣ˫۶ǰļ̺ίʵ˵Ľ޶ˣӱʫֻһ׺ɫ˿¿㣬޼뱭ʽ֣Ĳüһ˫ͦγһ鹵һССĶֿʹĺӱʫԸС 
ԸеĽޱָȥѺӱʫ鹵һᣬСָǰʽֵİť˫ָæȥһѹ΢΢ážһӱʫǰ֣ԵڵϣһֻУ֪ӱʫ鷿쳣УȻһ棬ӲָͦˬʱӱʫûսŰһѻԲס˵ţ鷿᲻÷ſҺúɣ 
ӱʫֻ˵Ϲû۸ҡţϹ˵ż䣬Ѽס٣ָͷתһĿУֱӱʫӿȥ 
ǰſںסһŪţ˫ʩһ飬ֿڲֺӱʫŪͣԾͦ˫飬ְסԴƷԼ԰˵Ľ顣 
춾ʹ£һֱźӱʫС¸ȥ̶ӱʫڿȥСѨʹˮĵСѨС조ްĽӱʫȵ§ͷڴͷ׵شǻӱʫʹס˱һᣬһ 
ĺӱʫѵڿ㣬СŴѰͷסĥȥߺ˵ϹҪ˼涼ˣ 
˫۴ӱʫĽ佫𣬺ӱʫҲɵŴסСѨ΢΢һͦ׵شСѨӱʫ˵ϹÿɶÿҲŪ˼һҲҪ㸺Ū 
Ц˵εȻҪһŪȥް͵һ壬鶯ͷҵӹڣӱʫֱûɰգá˼Ұˣʹһ޳ȣΧ֫ 
±ۣûһͣ٣ֱáۡͷǿ͵ĳֻε죬Щúӱʫ޷ӱʫֻԽԽˮһһأֹ̰߳ 
Ͳһݲ٣ѺӱʫŪÿˬˬûֶ꣬ˮ 
ӱʫסһ£˵Ϲ˼Ϣһᡣ 
Ц˵ţôۣ 
ӱʫ۰뿪˵Ҳ֪ԼֳûͷûԵͱҲ壬ӹҲ㵷ˣһҲ۰˼ңһ˵ͬĺȫް㲻֮⣻˵Ϲ㶼˼ң˵˼ϴ˼ڸŪһҲûУ㻹ȥϴ 
˵ôļѵҪ𣿡 
ӱʫߵһۺ󣬱ͷļ˵ţ֪ʣ˼ҵ˼Ҳ֪ 
˵ˣҪúõĺǻ㣬ת⡣źӱʫһߣһͦԡȥ 
ӱʫ˫ȦסӣһĿ˵˼⼸ĺ㣬һϢҲûУҺͿҲĵúܡ 
˵ڲǸұ𣿡ʱѰԡңźӱʫ̤ԡ£ִˮͷٰˮµá 
ԡңһě_䣬Л_õͷһԲ͵ˮԡأԡˡȫĹ˼ÿ͹󣬻صϴƣ⣬ӵλһͬԡȷһ¡ 
ӱʫ΢΢һЦ¹ǰǸСѰϵˮȥʱͰ˵׼һС 
ӱʫ˵˼ҰŻÿڡѵϲǲ˼ң 
ӵס˵Ȼǣֻһϴһߺ찮ͬʱеľȫעӹ 
ӱʫ˵ţ˼ҳҲŪӣԸ⡭˵У˫ȦסͷСյ´˵ҸоǰҵģֻҪ˼ҲӦ㡣˿ڳرߣ㼴ӵ˫סһֱס̽Ѱͷ 
ӱʫ飬Ǹ֮ڿУȷ᲻÷ſڡ֣ʼսӱʫһ鷿ѳεš 
ͺӱʫͣǣԽԽң޷һ飬΢΢ļһգӱʫ΢΢һһõĵӱʫҲ΢ӣ㸧 
ָս棬鷿У̺ӱʫ߰ͣķӦŪ߰ǵŨˮǣ˵ؿڣŰѹصˮͷ 
˵ţһ򡣡 
ӱʫһһſԡرߣѻԲķ̵ø߸ߣȴķ㸩һھСѨϣһɵͷضԺӱʫСѨ;չ壬ǳͦβסĶ 
˰죬˫ְһ֫ͷһ㴳˽ȥǺӱʫСѨľţǺӱʫñ֣˵ˣҪŪ˼ҵĺ棬 
ӱʫ˵Ūĺ棬ȻŪǰ档˵һʼͣһ˫ִӱʫҸ·һ鲻ͣشŪ 
ٸͷϺӱʫСףƬҽָǶһʱԲͦ鷿紥˿ۻϷӲ٣ʱĥת 
ӱʫӭӰõĥСѨˮѿǣ˵˼ýҪҪȾֹ 
ӱʫҲסӱʫСѨǺӱʫֹ˵Ҫ㣿 
Ц˵֮أ 
ӱʫҲסӱʫСѨǺӱʫֹ˵Ҫ㣿 
Ц˵֮أ£ͷԡرߣȫȻˮС 
ӱʫͿϣһַֻŴסСѨڣһӱʫ۰뿪˵ú㼱ӡ˵ŤСѨȥŪС׸ͣ˵ӱʫǴ㲻סҡͷʪ͸ͷĶȥ 
һκսһ˫źӱʫ鲻ͣ٣ܵ˻ȫ϶һһγźӱʫ 
ͷɢĺӱʫһĽиͣӭ˵ĳ粨㷢裬ǵ㺹һ˿ϴ߷ҺĴ̱֮ԡһ˿õϢޱȷ 
زһ󣬺ӱʫһﵽ߳ϢݡͬʱһᣬһɽһɵȾȫѨСŻһһȵغһ˵ţûкںͿͬ˼껹ûн飿 
ӱʫԳ˰˵ҾͲֻ֪ҪİңԸԺҲ㡣һ˵˼עŮˣ 
ӱʫСŮΪԲķΣ˵ʵѼƻãͿ˭ȻҵĺӣҾȺ˭飬ǷһֻΪǵĺ룬Ϳһкӣұٽ飬˵𣿡 
ӱʫһҸѣΣ׳һ£Ȼ·ۺ˵Եӱʫϲ§סԼһԷԲ鼷ǰ٬Ħ 
ʱԡһŮ˵ϹģûǻСš˵Ҷԡҡ 
ӱʫҲҶĳ֣ԾСŮ˰Ļ 
˵Сţʱ 
Ҷ˵һ˲áһ˵Ϲ֪֪ߵ¥ʱǺӱʫ·ʫʫΪлݣ͵͵ȥ鿴㣬Ǳʫʫ찮㼸ҲûллݣҺʫʫô죿 
˵ţףûиŻˣ 
Ҷȥ˵һֻ˱ʫʫһҲûңõǵǻСš 
Ҷߵԡرʱ͹ԣ˵ٱһ𳤴㡣˵Ҷӣ 
ҶϺǰͺӱʫĻ龰͂Ƶؽ޵ĺ촽ľ״ҲǿӲĽ״ϲصشǻ̽·ͷûݵĽӷС 
ҶһͻȻһͽҶŪԡʱûʪ͸Ҷûؼؽţ˵㿴˼ȫҲʪ͸Ҫ˼ԡҲ·У˼ѵ 
ԵĺӱʫЦ˵ϹѲϹ⡣ 
Ҷ˵˼ȫʪ͸ܲ㻹˵ 
ӱʫ˵Ϲ㻹Сſ£ҹ 
׷Ҷҹô£ 
Ҷ˵ҹҺʫʫһǶԲ¡ 
ñ˽ʵ࣬˵Ǿô£ 
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ӱʫ˵Ϲ˼ҸղҲһҲôС𣿡 
ͷʯ˵ԭֻСǸҶ˵ҲСˣܾܲˡ 
Ҷ˵Ϲ 
ҶرڻУ˵˵һ㣿˵Ұ˿㴽Ƿ󻬡֭ķࡣҶȹ̣һƺû˹ͷƵĻУ䣬˿ӿŤ 
ҶסӣΩȥһȥװףԵĺӱʫҲЭȥҶװҶֻʣһɫõѾڸǣһ·ִԲ飬ָȥŪǽ٣ҶŴͣ˵ġһ 
ҶϢصشϢ˵Ϲ㻹أоٱָס꣬Ҷסȫһӣзһ˵˿̧һҧĶϣͷв 
ҲܲĴ̼ҶʣµĳֺڿѵֻһԷ򣬵ʹ˷Źһͷһǲٺ˿УŪ㣬Ҷ׻ȣסһıסĲӣһʹѹȥٴӾҵҶɬһҧʹŤŤǿҵĴ̼ͿУԲסĴĦ̼Ű 
ҶԽԽ죬еزҲһûϢرŪһ֧ƵȼڲĴʼȸܵİҶŤţ֪ĵӭŪ 
ָٶϮ˵Ժ󻹻᲻᣿ҶֻŶһӦҶܵĳȸղָǿõ鲨ӣ뿪΢΢ָһ鷿࣬һֱȽҶСŤָ⣬ϷۺɫʱһҶ񱳹ǱƵģȫĲѾȼյ壬񱻻ϼһյøҡҶΪжţȫȫܿһȫˡ 
ֽҶŪſԡԣ»һӱʫҶı﷢֮Ϣѩ׵ļѱȾɺɫ¸һֱһֲȻĶ 
䣬սӲ÷ʹĴѰͷ׼Ѩڣһ壬ֻ֨һ룬Ҷ̵ĴһʱĻ죬궯ǣĴýܣǳ 
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ҶµĺӱʫҲʱҶСףסҶһ鷿ִꡣҲʼӿٶȣŪҶˮĽѡЦʣûУ 
ҶҲûлӦķֻǻζʱʱӭһһµĳ͡ټӶ༸Ѿɿĳ鶯ŴŪҶҡͷԣֲ֪ 
סһֻ鷿Цʣ⣬ˬˬ 
Ҷ˵ءءϹֻܸɾǡҺúһĴء㡭˼ԸԶġš 
ҲûǺӱʫһ߳Ҷ˫һֲͣذӱʫҶ鷿ŪǡѽҶͺӱʫлˬ 
ͷͣҲ֪˶ٻأֻԹܱȤ 
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ָʮӣӱʫһּѵסѨеҺˬ˼Ұˣݲ壬˼ҿҪˣٸɰº󣬺ӱʫֵû˵Ҫ˼ҪϹȾҡѽӹȥ 
ݲ弸£סٿһһɽһɵľҺȫӹȥӱʫܲסҺĳһθ߳һ˷ϣͣشŴ 
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ӱʫ˵ɫϹҺͿͬ꣬㲻𣿡 
һ߰һ˵ǵĴŮҲǸҶȥҶǵȫԸΪأ 
ӱʫ˵ͲҪҺͿ 
˵ǷİɣźǲͬʱӭȢǡ 
Ҷ˵Һʫʫţɣ 
˵Ƕáһ˵쿪ʼһڴ٣ϧҪϰ಻ҡ 
Ҷȵ˵Ϲ˼Ҫ벡١ 
һƬҸĵĺӱʫ˵Ϲ˼⼸ҲҪ벡١ 
Ҳǵ˼˵𣿡 
Ҷ˵˼ҽһŪȥ˼ܹϰ࣬ԣҪ벡١ 
˵ҲŪȥ㲻벡١ 
Ҷһ˵ԣ˼ѾˣϹŪҡ 
˵õϣҾͽ͵Ĩĺӱʫ˵ΪôҪ벡٣ 
ӱʫߵ˵˼ֻΪС 
㱧źӱʫ˵ǲ˵ģ 
ӱʫߵͨ˵˼⼸ҲΣڣָΣ˼Ҳ롭Ҳ롭̫̫ 
˵ǾͿŻ˼ƻ˱Ͽϴš 
źǲ춻ؼң˻ĴһŻȥ̤ͰҶͺӱʫһ뻳ӱʫ˵ɫϹ 
˵Ȼдơ 
ҶͺӱʫҶ˵׽ǱΪΪ˵Ǳ¥ȥ׷ǰȥϵſʼ¥ȥ 
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Ҷͺӱʫֻʣֺڿʱһһεıţ˵ԸУ뽫һ¡ 
Ҷһף˵ıɣ 
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һ٣ҪҶת˴Ӻָ˫飬Ҷǿ۸иȴ쳣ǡɣҶ̱÷ǳ˵ƽСҶ˳ӵȥڿ㣬ʪԴڵȺһ̽њġ 
ҶɧĴȣڷϻţҶһȴָʾ£ҶƽĵձϣֿԵĺӱʫճյţҲӱʫҲһ뻳 
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§ҶǣгϸӱʫѪڣҶλӱʫȥ֣̲ס¼֣೶ȥӱʫڿ㣬տⲯ 
һһֻŪţͦͷ˴˱飬Խÿ˱һҲãѸһֻһУȻԲ£ŪƵܣСѨʼģ˫ֳˣҶӦͦ죬ˮ¡ 
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ҶϸŪؿп@ϸҲûӱʫһзҺʹ͸ˬҸȡ裬Ǻӱʫ¼й߳ģϹСҪҪ 
ӱʫӱʫ֫߾٣ȫܣ˴˺죬۷塣 
Ҫ뻻ƣѺӱʫҪӺ֣ҶԣӱʫһѹҶӱʫеæм䶯á 
Ҷȴʱ黥ѹżţɧģ̲סӱʫӺɣʹԽ̣ӱʫйˣҲҪӱʫΣһһɾҺҶȴֻ껹ӱʫϸζҶСѨϵľҺ 
춷ֿ£ŮнӱʫϸϸŲ㳲ǡ£Ҷƿӱʫӱʫ¡ 
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Ҷվȴй޴ӣͷϣСѨ˱ˮϣÿСѿҶѣӱʫµĴ֪ŪҶת£һڲһȡ 
ͷͿ˱ҶͺӱʫһЦŬҲûţһץҶ飬ӱʫŲǰһֵԼ档 
ڰҺ£ͦӿ죬δֱӹڣúӱʫ£ˮԴԴ֨֨졣ҶϣСѨӭĿڣ˶˱ƵţҶʱ 
ˬ͸ԿʹҶͺӱʫԴ飬ӱʫĺ鵴ȥزɧѵץץżҶ飬٣Ҷܣܵй˴ϣһԴϢϢԴⰻȻԴӨյٸһء 
ҽҶȫӱʫѽӲϣӱʫ֣ȻһЦһһԴɣ÷ҡ죬ŪúӱʫˮˬҪӭPɱʮأԲ㡣 
ҶͺӱʫŪòŷ£תҶҶϸϸܣö˽д𣬵ӱʫһʧȥ̼նѵּ֣ҶϿ飬ָӱʫСѨҿʱתλãŮһʱһʱָ޷ֱ˴ˡ 
ƣҶͺӱʫٴο沿飬䶯λεӲ̣ʱԴ˫飬һͿ飬ǳԺԽԽˬҲһһɵľҺӱʫӹҹڼһܰϡ 
磬˵ķڣӱʫѹϣСѨĴţҶҲ˯ڴϣӱʫ˵ţô𴲣ΪôϢһ᣿ 
ӱʫ˵㻹˵ÿҲҺ˼͵ģ챧˼ȥ 
ʱӱʫȴֹ˵˳Ķġ 
ƣҶͺӱʫٴο沿飬䶯λεӲ̣ʱԴ˫飬һͿ飬ǳԺԽԽˬҲһһɵľҺӱʫӹ 
ҹڼһܰϣӱʫСѨעһһľҺŪúӱʫСҲ 
磬˵ķڣҶͺӱʫδ㵽ԡϴΧԡߵ¥ʰǵʱͻȻ˴Ӻţ㴫˵ţô𴲣ΪôϢһ᣿һ˵һ߶Ҷ֡ 
Ҷ˵ɫϹ˼ʧô꣬㲻𣿡 
ҶĶ˵ôᣡ 
Ҷת˵Щķǡ 
˵ķǣҲǷθ֮ԡĪǡĹ˾׷㡣 
Ҷƿ߿˵˼Ҳ˵֪ 
Ȼʹ˰ݣ׷ҶҶıܿóѣڶ¥չһ׷սҶ鷿Ҳ󲢽Źϣ˵ߵ 
ϸСķ䣬Ҷܿ㱻ţҶ˵˼Ҳ׷ѵ֪˼ҵ⡣˵һǡ 
ҲźҶһҲΨһԡʱ䣬һھҶ٣ͷͣڶҶ鷿֮УۺСɵͦķӲվڻԲ鷿ϡһֻᴥţĴ 
ҶٱĥĸоϵĴɧ˵鷿ǰգһʵһ߳Ҷ鷿ҶѲı۾ķֻʪСѨ 
ŪҶ鷿ŪҶŪ˫ְϣҶҲŽķ𡣵ʱĿУˡһһúܸˣҶˮһһͣ 
ҶľҲûŹͷͣͬʱʳָĵҶͦ٣Ҷܲˣ˵𡭡Ūˡܲˡˡ 
ſҶϣһ˫ȥŪһ飬˵ţС׺鷿һ£ 
ҶһĲ̵ӣȻ󣬰һۺ󣬱ĸǰ˰ǰ˫Ҷ˫ס˫һѰѴסʼ׶ȴͷ˫ʱûʱ֣һŰͷֺͣҶ֪һζ鷿һͷȥİͷŪһᣬҶſСףٵ£ֱʺ³ҶСҲӿŪٶȣմĽҺ 
ҶΪڽ͡齻ֳ죬ҲΪ֮һķҶҲ˳ղ˫ְϣΣŴմմҶˮ׼СѨʱҶһְСѨڼͷ˵ҪȲ˼ҵĺѨ 
Ц˵СţΪôɧ 
ҶûлشһַŴסţҲˮزֱȫû룬Ӧ㿪ʼ鶯еҶ㡰ް쳣ˣеô߿ˣҶ˫ְѷθ߸巽ľš 
ȻҲŹҶһ˫飬˫ִӺסҶŵ˫飬ɿĳ룬˵ˬҲˬ𣿡 
Ҷ˵ˣ۰ŶЩһЩ 
鵷ʮºҶĴԽԽǿžʹСһһˮֱ˳ѩ׵Ĵԭһθ߳ 
ͽҶţҶҲ˳Ľǰ˫飬һһ˫ֶΣҶһĿ˿С죬Ű÷ǳͷ˵Ϲö桭˼䡭ٴһ㡣 
͵ͷҶСף˫ҲĲӣ˵࣬˾ӵǡ 
һγҶŵĴԵİ칫ϣٽҶŪǰ˵СţڿԻҰ𣿡 
Ҷ˵˼ң˼ھҪĴ˵СŴ׼СѨСѨڷСѨȥŪĴ 
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ҡƨɣһͲֻˣҶҲɧ˫סҶķΣƴҲûŪ˶£ҶȫȻ͵ϣû§ӣҶҲ๴ͷٴ 
ҲûзĽ࣬ػֱӹڣСѨɧͷε泩ޱȣҶ˿СѨеĶͦţô룬ˮһһй 
һ߲ţһҶĶ䣬ֱ˽гϹҡˡٲ塭١úŶϹ 
ףƨɿٵĥҶˮ磬ɧģŶѽϹҿ첻ˡҪˡϿ졭ݲҡ¡áҡСҡˡû꣬СѨסˮٴй˳ 
һ߲ţһĴד˵šɧϹ㡭òáѨ 
Ҷ˵ϹҡҪˡϹáˡˡ졭Ⱦȫҡû˵꣬ˮһָ߳ˡ 
Ͳ弸ʮ£Ȼ˳ƵֽӹڣװٴҶҺȫҶ 
߳ҲḧĽҶ޹ǵɵİֺߵ˵Ϲɣ˼ҵֻһˡ 
˵Ҳֻᰮʫʫ§Ҷǡ 
ʱ鷿Ŵ򿪣Ҷֻ¿㼰Χϴԡĺӱʫվ⣬ӱʫ˵Ϲ˵˼ң˼岻ʣֲ˼ҡ 
˵ǾͿҿӱʫߵߣҲ˵ͽһ뻳ӱʫҲԹԵĴϣӱʫĵ˵ţﲻʣҿ 
ӱʫһ̬˵˼ȫֻ㱧Ųһ㣬Ϲ˵ǲ 
һҲ֪ӱʫҪôթ֪˵ȥҽɣ 
ӱʫ˵˼ҲȥҽֻϹ 
˵㲻ȥҽҼǴʺ𣿡 
ӱʫһ˫۱ĲӣĴһº˵Ϲɣ˼ҵԽԽȡ 
Ҳ˵źӱʫĶǡ磬ֱţһڽºӱʫĴԡǷӯѩ׵ֻʣǺɫ͸˿֣ڰ׶ԱȷǳһԷ鷿ֶҪǲסˣһԲ鷿ٱֻţ鷿¶ֵ档 
ǰɫԣȴûֵͣӱʫı⿪ֵĴֱۣ߷˿ȥӱʫǶ֬鷿ʱǰ 
ַŵӱʫǷ˫ȥӱʫ鷿һھϺӱʫһ٣һȥӴһ١ 
ӱʫŪ˫շ죬ӣµϣһ͵ﲻͣਡ 
ԵҶ״˵Ϲ㿴ʫʫںɧڿ϶ɹʹ졣 
ӱʫҶ˵ƽʱᷴһթ㱧һȵǣ˵ͷبʲǵѷѽ⣻ӱʫСֻĴ̽ˮĵСѨҪһ 
Ҷӱʫɧ̬֪ӱʫҪ̲סҶĸǰһھͺΪŪŮļлºܿص״̬ٶȰʱҶ³ӱʫ˵ʫʫˡ 
ӱʫͿĴϣٽ԰Сڿ㲢ݵǰ˵Ϲ㿴˼Ѿʪ͸ˣ˼עҩɣ 
Сڿմ˺ӱʫˮĲСѨڣ˵ҩиãܻŪĶӣ 
ӱʫõο˵˼ҾС;ɣ 
ͿʼӱʫСѨһȴֵĴ£ӱʫоԼԽԽĿУԽ䶯ţ˽ţһ˫󣬻Բ˫Ŵÿһ²л̧ 
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˲ãӱʫ˵ҡҡมˡȫ޹ǡϸıǸǿʼһԽľγ鴤СѨĴһǿҵ䶯ƵУСѨһһɵˮ 
úӱʫϱҶ˵ֵˡֽҶŪںӱʫϣķνĲСѨ̡һ׼ȷ붴ֿʼһֵĹơ 
ӱʫҶ壬һʱ䷿ﾡŮҲ֪˶ãҶƿٷӱʫϣȻѴǻûȫָСѨٷʮº󣬴ںӱʫھҵĲһһɹ̵ľҺעӹ̵ڱһ飬ڵһ󼫶ȳ鴤Ѹٴȫӱʫ鲻Խһֻȫ̩ޱȵˬ 
ãԡӵźӱʫұ߱Ҷֲͣǵ鷿˵ǽ˲٣벻ȥСһ 
ӱʫҶһ޳ɣһ󣬱ձ죬Ǿʰװ̡ 
ºһδ磬һҵ絥άϯŮŵعۿ£ǰĵ絥һȦ£һ絥ȵڶһյʱάϯһŮӾ͸˵ŮӾ룬˾ǺӱʫҶ 
ΪĶŵⳡŵʤⳡ͸˵õڶӱʫҶδʧ 
ŵʻάϯʱһŮߵŵԱŵȵؽһ뻳ӱʫҶ״Ů˭ 
˵ҵŮ򡣡 
Ҷ˵ǿŵϲΪôܣ 
˵Ҳֻ֪֪Լŵŵٺһͬѧ 
ӱʫ˵Щ㣬һͰͬӡ 
Ҷ˵㲻ҲһͰͬ𣡡 
ӱʫҶ۲ʱǸǰ˵˵Щô˵ôǱ㽫ŵĴŹϵ 
Ц˵ҲôҪֹҲֹˣһ˳Ȼɣ 
˵ֻϣǲҪŪ 
ӱʫ˵İɣ˵һ˳Ȼɣ 
ʱŵʺã˳㽫ܸʶֵô󷽵壻ºʹͬ˾պȻͷѵþףǱ˳һͬΪŵףʤ 
ףѿҪӱʫ飬ȻףǣһϢδѾͺӱʫѻǵС 
ʱ䣬˽õĽּ 


ȫ꡿     

