͸аҽ컨/:á
״̬:µ:1992¡һ롻
ݼ:
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1¡аҽ
 

Ĺ캣С
ֵ¿ʹ߰˵ӣ¶ɾӸ߲¡
ոռ࣬ȲСƿ캣ѧȥ
캣ѧĵѧոʵϰãԼŮѧУһ㳡档
ܼۣ˹˾ȳһһ뵽Ůѣ̵ġ
գһϲ
ʱ̫ոɽѧУĹ㳡ѾвɢĴѧ̸Ц
СƿԼλãͣ³һӾסˡ
ֻȻһİ§һ˵ЦԱ߻ͣһɫ
⵽ô£
Ůһֺİӵı飬סŭʵ
áɫȻ˿ûĸоҽԼ㵽Ҫ˵Ƿְɣ
ʲô
Ļó˲Ժհס
֮󣬳һҧʵΪʲôһɣ
˵ɵڸң԰˦ˣǲϹһֱ§İӿڣһı֮ɫ
Ӻͳȥһ·ͳĵ̯ȣֱһϣһ¡
˵ܴһӾ˲ٺĿ⡣
Χ۵ͬѧܿϳӵݣŷƷ壬ŷ٣
ŷƷĸѧҲ캣ѧˣȴ竺ɫġ
˵ŷƷ廻ŮѣûʮҲа˸ˣֻǮŮ˵
ŷƷ¼ҲǶжŵģû뵽ĿзǳŮѣȻҲһôܣ
׿ڽͣҲŮˣ۶ˣ˻˵
Ůˣ㿴Լ˼ƲˣһǱӣŸƵƿʵϰһ²ǧ鹤ʣҵĻױƷ𣿡
ÿһ仰·һһڳͷϸ
ΧԹ۵ͬѧóϻģʱѪ졣
֪ΪգʵϰʶһֱҪ¿ֻһϲ֮ǰ˵ոʵϰʵͲҪΪʲôȴң
Ų˫֣ӱȡһȫµİ׿ֻ
ֻŷƷ̲סЦһ˿ֻҪܺþùʲ𣬾ַҲһ˷ŮԴ
ŷƷ䳰ȷ˿ֻһˡ
Ȼһ̣ȥΪŵ¿ƻֻ
һֻóԲȴ¹ʣҲǿ
Ҳ֪ҵգȴֻ֌˿ֻңóȥôˣ˻еƻе֮ɫԽԽŨˣ磬˼Ҳ¿ƻֻңʮ·õ𣿡
˳Ŀ⿴ȥȻŷƷıһƹ
ֵ·Ͱ۵ıͳһ̯ƾɵĶֵƿγԱȡ
ǰˡ૵˵һ˲С
İọ́Се캣ѧ˵ҪһƴܶһӲ벻ĻڳԺл죬ôҲ޷ЩǰİݽŮϵһ
ǰĿǳŻһ𣬵ѾͨˣҳôÿƾʲôҪСӰһϣ˷ҵഺֻиŷбµˣҲܵõҸʵɣǲʣ
ⷬһĳ׵ĳȥĨ۵סȹŮѾǰʶǸ崿Ůˡ
ôͱųˣҾ㣬ԺҪҶ㲻ŷƷ˵꣬һڣ·ʤ
Χ۵ͬѧͶȥͬ۹⣬ڿһ档
Ƕ֪ŷƷĺݶǳģǰиѧŷƷŮѣ۲ɣŷƷ˴һ٣ֻԡ
һĿ⽥ƽ˵ϣ㲻Ϊľڡ
˲죬ΪƤԼҪ֣ϾԺҵŮǾԲܵˡ
û뵽ôϣҷźݻ
ڣΪʲôҪڣ¶˼ЦˣעһûгϢҲֵĻŻĺһ
źݻ˭ᣡҼöˣһûбУ˿ϮˣϳҴ㿪ȥ
ŷƷ޼ɵĳһ٣ͺϱﳤȥˡ
ΧĿ⣬ʧǵĻصᡣ
һҹԼܶƣֱ־壬űѷϴ˯ȥ
֪˶ãԺ֮УоؿڴһȣһСļҴ
ԽԽʶҲԽԽѡ
Ȼ֮䣬ĴԺȻһһֻü
СаҽУ
عӵޱȵҽ֪ʶӿԺ֮Уаҽش͸аҽ֮
ЩҽŲӿ룬ܿļΪһ壬·һ㡣
֮ҽͨڼ
صаҽ͸ԺͬʱǰĹҲ˲ù
۾ĻͻῴһĻ棬ҴȻڻˣ
һɰ壬֫ٺ
ļЩţ𽥱ǿ
ϵһЩȱ˺ۣҲһ޸ֱ覡
壬󳬷ףҪûҾаҽ֮
һȻֹֻоģ˵ܿ˯֮С
ѣϰҪٵˣ
һϤ۾ֱһʵ΢ڵҡļ
ǳڴѧõĺֵܻɣԸЩͬѧϷΪˡ
ɣˣæʵ
˵ˡ
´ŸʧɲתΪٵ
˾ŵϰ࣬ŵǸ̬ҪԱÿǰСʱ
Ҳǰ˵֮ǰҪϵ˾ˣɱ̬᳴Լ
ͻ¹ˮ˻ɲŸϽߴ𴲡
ףͻȻʲô飬Լؿȥ
ѵģ
ؿļҴ񣬾Ȼȫʧˡ
һҹƣûиеƣӷǳѣҲ޻
ĵѹֲס˷ܣȷʵоԼǰͬˡ
аҽУȻģӵı죬ҸﻹΪһαݽŮģҺܿͻ֤ľǴģ
һ̣׵Ȼˡ
ͻȻĳ̲ס¶ͬɫΪΪˣ㱡
ܿͻع˻һɵ΢ЦȻ׼ϰࡣ




2¡У鷳
 

ŵƿųУûԶͷǰ·ڶסˡ
ô£εͣ³Ⱥǰȥ
ǰͣһɫᣬһ׳ڳǰԼϥ֣ƺʮʹࡣ
ˣһλͶʮҵŮ
ȣһϮǳɫȹ¶һ˫޳ȡ
˳ǰ͹̵ϿȥһžüԶ죬˫ͫˮһ᲻ƿ顣
ǲ캣ѧУطѩ𣿡ȻֻѧУվϿƬһ۾ϳǰŮ
ˣȻƬҪÿ٣캣УȻ鴫
ǰΣΧȺڵۣˣطѩܿײǸ׳
аҽеһ۾ͿǸ׳ûʲôˣԭǸɵģ
ֻǸ׳̫ɷˣҲ˶ʶһĻ죬̸硣
˾̸֪ܺܶɣȴûһ˸ȥطѩæ
ʱ̸һ߹ʹ࣬һ߲ŴĭɵĽеҲܣұײзˣһҽƷѣ
طѩ̸֪ܳǮʨӴ󿪿ڣΧȺڶһ
һҲ̫˰ɣ
طѩü΢˵λҺȷҸղŲûײ㣬ҪȥҿҪˡ
ôײ˻ô˿ţ㱨Ҳҿԣʱø࣡
̸ǳţ۲·ڣûʲôͷأʩչԼַ
һλﵽһǧ𣬼ֱ׬ˡ
طѩ˵ģ̸̲סһ¿ˮ
ʲôŸղźܶ˶ˣûλԸ֤һ£ûײطѩԸ̸תȺѰ
ۿȥвѪ궼˻֮ģ඼̸ݺݵĵ˻ȥ
һ̸вģ̤һͻȻͱһȭʱʹöڵϣˡ
ԭˡڵĳ۲ʮһ¾ϳΧȺУ̸ͬ
ѾһɼŰ̸ֲ޿֡
֤طѩҪʧʱһվ˳
һģֱ˸ͷߵطѩǰһЦ˵ҸղĿȷײλ磬ҿ㻹ǲҪӲ˰ɣ
˵ʱطѩٺãҲϸһĨѪɫ
̸紮ͨõĻ죬طѩҲôɫԵģаЦ֮ǰ˵ҪĿ֤ˣҳֲ֤ţСŮôˣأ
طѩһ͸ˣһթҧһڣֱ޳֮
ʱˣ̸ֹⰧһӴٲķˣ֤Ҳˣһ㵽׸
ѺҲǿԵģٺ٣̰ͨĿطѩĳܣҪȥһˡ
թһӦطѩɫת䣬ϻˣֻ׼
ۼֿ죬һ°طѩֻ˹ȥЦ㵹СŮȰ㻹˽˰ɣ򡭡ߺߣ
ǮҲ⣬ҲѺǲ⳥ڵϵ̸һЦ¶
̸ԼʹɫᣬצӾҪȥץطѩĸ첲
ס֣
Ҳȥˣŭӿһ˹ȥм̸¶ûüס
С˭̸ݺݵĴ˳һֻۣ뾡㶨椣û뵽˸ҳ¡
ԭ׼ȥץطѩĻҲһǻŭеǲǻòͷˣ̸¶ҹܣ
ɷӣΧ̸£һ㶼ţĵһԾԾԡ
аҽе׸ǿ
ѾŵһҰ׵طѩ֣ͷ·ˮ֮ץסһݣʮָмĿ˳һۡ
˭һЦطѩѣ˵ҹܲܵˣ
⡭̸Ǽʱסˡ
ʱҲû룬̸ݣ仰ڶû뵽ȴһҭס̸ǡ
طѩ΢΢һ죬ȻͦõģԺ󴫳ȥеӰ첻ãϾ캣ѧУ
ĻȻعĵЦģҲλСŮѣ˵˭Ű
ǡǣ
ΧͬҲźЦ
ԭװƵģʶľ͸ҸϽ̸練ӦȻŭ
ȵȣȷҵѡطѩе㲻Ȼ˵仰һĨ糺
ò׳һǣɲˡ
ʲô
һ£Χ۵Ⱥڶһˣȫţźܵİ׸һλ
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Сһ˿޸ӵطѩȼƷŮ
뵽̸۶ˣݺݵ˵ҹǲ£ײҵȣ͵⣡
̸ĻļСΧһÿ˶һ顣
˵ȸûбײϣһ˶ûأϾĿ̸۾һ顣
һ仰ֱָؼһ㣬Ǿ̸ûˣֻΧ۵̸ûһ˸ҷ
ϹϥǶײˣôѪû𣿡̸һ߳ŭӣıݡ
ЦͻȻԿаҽش̸ַϥһ¡
һٶ̫죬ڳûһֵܿġ
̸ϥǱôһģ岻Ĵӵϵ˾ôֱֱվţֱվ˻׼һ°̸綼±ˡ
ô£
̸ǺΧ߷׷׵ɴ۾ǰһĻ
طѩҲĲ˼飬ʲô
ף㲻ȶôվվô׼һЦЦĻ˴ӷ˻

̸绬ӣΧ۵Ⱥ̲סôЦȻû
衭̸ŷӦ뱬֣ȻԼǶ״̬æˡȲסǱҪжж档
ֻһΣû˭׾ӵıˡ
̸װʹࡢͣʱ򣬴ӿ㶵ﶶ
ۼеףǲǷѽ𣿡
ȷʵǷѽĺ
ԭˣϵѪǷѽ
ôһǿøˣҲЦøˡ
̸Ѿ߳ŭһǳɫҧгݵĺСӻҺ£㣬ֵǸϣ
˵׳˶ţ壬ֱ
̸ļ£Ҳ֮һӵϡ
طѩû뵽̸ô죬컯֮¾Ȼڴϱˣһ±仯̫죬ʱ䶼ûУһžӵʱŵѪɫȫޡ




3¡С
 

̸ͻȻ֣׼ĳˮһֲľ硣
һУΪаҽѹϴǧȫע壬Ч
ʱ̸СܵĶڳУͺţһٻޱȶ©ٳоԼ㹻ʱ䣬̸ǳªŤı顣
̸ʱĳվԭһͷЦСӱɵˡ
ʮȭͷڳϵʱ̸ЦȻֹŸе¸һʹĵľʹ

ҽУ̸ͼµȭͷûһƬ½ǣͰӹϺ״ڵϡ
ԭһɲǼ䣬Ѹײڶٶȣÿ˵Сϴһֵ˲üʧȥս
̸ڵϣŶӲʹİţһ治ݵˡ
аҽشĴ򶷼ɣóƵĸոպã̸Ǹеĵʹֲڰ˴ˡ
ַͬȣΧ۵Ⱥۼ̸ǳ֣ҪУһͿ˶ȥת֮ɫʮ־ʡ
ѵħʲôûȻøոջɷĻǹʹֱ̫˼ˡ
һԵطѩҲڸǲסȵ飬վڳԣȴֻܸоǳģȫĳ֡
̸缸֮󣬳طѩЦЦû°ɣ
ҡû¡ĵЦݣطѩһ
û¾ͺáֿڵϵ̸ǣǻһа΢ЦǼҪŮһ𣿡
ܳеĺ⣬̸粻һ£˵˲ˣ飬Ůѣ
ߣϽɣҪҿɣԸ࣬һɫ
̸ͼɴ⣬ǿʹˡ
лл㡣طѩһϵл
طѩ˫峺ѩɽˮĴ۾Ц˵лʲôԼŮѵ쾭𣿡
ԴӶ鿴֮ټаҽдǿţʱ̬Ѿǰˡ
ʹطѩĴŮ캣ѧǼҲ̸Ц
аҽһ˿䵱У֪аҽǰǷΡĴʥаȵҲ֮ϣȥڲͬˡ
ι㹻ˣҿûӦŮѡطѩЦ˵¶ǳǳУϼ⵴޶ˡ
طѩǻļ캣ѧУŻίˡ
һЦģûĻղŲǳ𣿡
ղġ뵽ղԼȻ˵Ļطѩʱɺ죬ˣûʲô֣
ҽгˣϰҪٵˣ´İɣͻȻϰæĵƿȥ
ųȥıӰطѩĬĬһ֣һЦɵϵʽʣҲ֪ô´ķ
ּĴŮĶǺ԰ģɲڣȥʳϵʽ
طѩʲôǿ϶֪ˣϵƿͷ۵糸ʵϰ˾ϡ
ʵϰĹ˾ϼţ캣һĳҵ²ҵ漰زҽԺƵꡢΡڵȵȣʵǳǿ
ҲǾԣŻý뼯ܲʵϰĻᡣ
ϼܲ캣ѧԶʮ֮󣬳ͿСƿŴõͣ
ͣó׼߽ܲţſһűƷ˺Ȼס
ˣޱ˵ܶӳҸҸϰأ
εϼһԶ磬˱ӳλãƽʱ͵£ϲ۸ˣԸЩӰ˵¡
ΪεĿɽǳĲž֮ǰֻһֱһܲˡθӻˣû뵽ȴǺģС档
˳ģʮ
⸱̬ȣǳˬѹŭߵ㶼ٵСʱˣȥҿֱӾ̸˰ɣ
涨ĲҪǰСʱϰ࣬Ҫ㣬Ҳ֪ġ
˾ϰʱǾŵڻûŵͲٵܶӳûµĻͽһ°ɡĻӦڵѾȫҪˡ
ȥ֮ҪҲη壬οһССıӳ
ߣ㻹ӲʲôʱҸҴһСʱ֮ڣ¹Զ뿪ϼţһصı飬Цÿӡ
仰ȥˣȻýͱ׼֮ǰôҲҪۿ˵͵Ļɫ
ܶӳһСʱ֮ûأЦؾ
Ҿͽүүλһ٣ĿͻȻúݶһСʱڹĻҪһѧУһߴſߵĴ·
ʮİգֻҪ˳㣬ߣҲȥѳ
ðǾ˵ˡ˵ͷҲأֱһ¥ĵſڡ
ʱвŵͬ쵼ڵȵݣһǰĵŴ򿪣һȿ첽˽ȥ

û뵽̤һͺ͵һŮײһ
Ůֱײ˳Ļ̸ܵűһסͬʱǿڴҲһ󵭵㡣
˫һʱѪҪˡ
㿴ûУһ˪УԼײ˶Էæ
ȿԷ֮󣬳һǰŮʵ̫ˡ
һű׼Ķ쵰ü£˫ͫˮʤѩһͷں㷢ʮֵĸ߽󷽣ųĺɫOLװȴڸǲסǸģرգԲֱһѵļƷ
ݵʧ֮󣬳ſ˵λŮԲײʵڱǸ
Ů˫ƺ̺һɽʹǿʱҲеһ⡣
֪ŮĸŵģҵĵǸĻҽ°ԸΪϿңɽŮеĺƺŨ˼֡
ʱΧóеԾˣЩˣȻһּ۹⿴ų
Ϻã
һƬ빧ʺóһ˵֣ᰣ
ǰλɽŮȻϼŵζ³ᰣ
Ĳ̾ɣ׼һ죬ȴպʵϰδŮܲãֻǼķʽеΡ
ᰵĴϼ׹ȻײβҲ˵ıš
ϼǰζ³ᰵүү֮ǰȻһֱոѧŮΪζ³
캣̽һذըȻ󲨣ڽһֱȶȲ




4¡Ůܲ
 

ʮ꣬ûκδ̾飬ֱӵϼŵͷ
Ҫ֪үӿɻӡһŮģܲףҴȨӦý˵еһŶԡ
үӵҵ೤ﶼܲҲ޷͸ǰʲô
֮⣬ǵò˪ԸҲ˽µ̸ʡ
ۼˣŷֲòԸ񣬾ȻҪȴеĸʤһ᰸˵ӡ
󣬾ǸԽԽ׵Сˣ˵ԣ˵ǰٺϣҲ˵ĳֲֹ
мʵ£һǰĳԱ·ʱ򣬲Сʱᰵ½ǣȻһ߷˺üףǲġ
Ӵ֮˾ﷲᰵԱҿ֮ڡ
ղײһ𣬳ܽӴ룬ᰲûд˵ķӦѵ
룬Ľⲻ۵ĶȻײ³
˹̲סֻسɽ֣Ѿ군ˡ
߳ݣĿųһԲ
βԹɫĵЦܣðֱ֪ҿֱӿˣͽ˰ȥ
˵ݺݵĵסֻһ£ܴӳͿԴˡ
뵽óѧеĶעҪ֣θ˷ܵú档
ڽ£
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˵⻰ĲǱˣһֱûпڵᰡ
һ仰ȫ亹ֹסĲֵ̿˵ܶԲĸ
ڳ˿˵꣬һһͻ򵽵ϡ
ߣһĻû˵ֱ߳ܲš
ڳ˲Լͬһóᰴʱ˿̵϶ܲ
ʵϣᰵȷʵܲãֻ˵㶫ڳϣû뵽ȡʱȴײһİӵϣؿڻ˺ü롣
˵Ǿ޷̵飬ԼжųⷴӦ֪һ
β֪ô£ײǸг˻Ȼûһ˿һ֮С
⵽ô£
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˶࣬᰺ͰѳץµҽѧרоһϾغСһֱԼĹֲ
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˵Ĺ涨ǱҪǰСʱҪȻǸĹ涨¶Ǹŭԡ
죬ȻǵһΥ涨ˣ˶ɣҪ군ˡ
˲ǣһںģ˵ֻ֪ϼŹ涨ϰʱ䣬ϾŵӣʲôȨԸļŵĹƶȣ
ƶȣҸ㣬гǹ£ƶȣòסЦﶼðˣ˭ΥҵĹ涨Ѱ·Ҹ㣬ڱˣ
˵꣬һĿųԱɱȨĸоʵˬڴధı顣
ܿʧˡ
ΪҺϡݹ˵ʵÿһʱ޿̲Ż㲻㣬һҪأ
ĻʱؿһϣҿСҪ찡ǰͦʵģȻֱǳıӵ
ŭɶƾȥ
ڳ׼ʱһٻӰм䣬˵벻Ҫ֣
󶨾һס˵ǲһŮʵϰ״
ǺͳͬʱڽģƽʱҲûٱͳҲͬйͬԡ
˿Ҫ󿪳¸ҵվ˳
ǵһγٵϣдһλᣬҪòã״ҧ
ͳɰ˵̲סϧ֮顣
ָող崿Ů˵ꡢÿԼŵ˵ɱ޷ֿģҲ˰״ܾãֻǻûҵ֡
״Ϊ绤Ķʻڵһ´ĵðŭ״ҲǲǣҪΪ飬Ųһ𳴣
״ó͸보ˡ
Ļ״ˮۿתû뵽Լ飬Чȴʵ䷴
״㲻飬ҷҲȥˡܸл¸ҵŮҲһ𶪵
Ҫ𣿡״Ļſǻ
ǰڹϰæˣĹˡ
״ӣҲЩġ
ô־ҿ㵽棬ܲҵϼŸõĹ˾ܶˣײͷѪǲͷġ
ƾԼֻҪһ绰óӲκԻᡣ
ȻһЦȰ㻹ǲҪۿ˵ͣкܶ󲻵顣
ȻǹֱҪըˣĺ̾͸ҹϼţ
˶ó޷ˣֻʰ̸ˣ״Ҳ
ʱ߽һְװŮӣھʣ𣿡
ȥʱͫһһ¾ϳǼܲᰵæڳЦӭȥ飬ôˣ
ǲŵĳĸޱ˵Ҳ֪ǲǱǱɽܲøȾˡ
ûش𣬳վ˵Ҿǳʲô£
㣬ȥɡ黰̣һͷˮ
Ҷ޷һʵϰλ߸ϵŮܲϵһҳʲô£
Ҳһ±ƣĻʲôϢû͸©ֺϢܴȫô¡
ʱС۵Ҹղŵ˵ڵȵݵʱײܣǶ֪𣿡

仰ذըгը˹
һ춼ЦˣȻĻԼϼҲݲ³ˡ
˵ڹѧѧһĲ֮ǰǸһ߷ɵԱҽԺ¡
ðܣȥ֮ûˣ
ﵹһ㺦¶ûУ̹Ȼĸ߳г




5¡͸ջ
 

Ŵö㣬ܲð칫֮󣬾Ĺ˳ȥ
һټܲð칫ңͱɳϵļƷŮסˡ
ʱѾװףϾİ׳
ֻһüĿ续ǵ̺һ˿֪ԡһ˿ջ󣬿ɳϣչֳߡ
ֵջǸеĶֿסҲ⡣
ܵĴ̼ͻȻо˫һȣͫ׸ֳϸĵɫλö졣
һ̣о綼һˣ͸᰿ȥʱѪ˳
ᰵģֱ̫ˣ
ڳ͸ͨ۸ʱһͻȻ
ǾϣѾһ㺮˪
εջĿ⣬ٿȥǾδ̫ˡ
һο͸ۣĵ׻̲ס˷ܡ
Ϊ͸ʵ̫ˣܶ벻顣
ڳ͸۵һ̣ͻȻᰵСһĺ
üͷһ壬˼
³һ֡
ղű޼ɵɨʱûסһţҲá
ᰵѾåıǩ
ֵᰶɳϣڵܣʲô£
ٴκŮܲýӴһɵ˱Ƕܵһڣ·ûԽԽŨĺ⡣
ҪְˣҲںᰶʲô̬ȡ
ңŲɱ㣿ȴɱ
ôŮ쾭𣿡ЦЦںᰵвܣ㵽ʲô£ֱ˵ɡ
һ»ûзʽ˵
Ҫ𣿡ʵ
Լ֣ҲܶԼôɴ࿴ʲô
óǣᰲûʲôľٶ޳ָĴڳϡ
ָϴϸУóһŮѵջԼ
֮ջָϵı׽͸
ʲôֻǾЩ쳣ᰲ˵ϣܵǼµҽԺȥȫ顣
᰾Ȼһ˵ôֵĻʱЦá
ܣ˼ҵв𣿡
û
˻ĶԻó̲סЦˣڵô᲻֪Լûв
һɵӣ;øЦˣܣˡֱԣûв
˵ʲôᰶʱü··轵˺üȡ
Сһ仰Ǳ˵в
æ֣͵ɱᰡҲ㣬ȷʵһֵĺ֢
֢֣᰻һһŵı飬ֱֱĶų
ʵϣᰵȷг˵ĺ֢һġ
ֲֹֻҪһԣͻӦ᰻ӤʱүүͰְ־ʹûһΡ
Ϊ˸κù캮֢Ҳ֪˶ǮƣֹĶҽȻûһܰ᰸κá
˺֢֮ᰴСͲͬкӴˣö֮Ҳγ˱ɽ㺮Ը
ᰵһӴųԣ֮ǰڵſںͳײʱ򣬾ͨоҳֲķ˲óȥµҽԺ顣
ֻû뵽ȻͻȻ˵ֲֹ
ô֪һк֢𾪹󣬲ʵ
Ҳ˵Ĺֲ֪ʲôȴ޼ֻмڵһЩ˲֪顣
˵ѧһҽԿó
᰸оһﻰﲻʵģҽûмĹֲѵһ۾ܿó
ܣ˵Ļɵı飬һЦʵһ֪㻼ĺ֢ԵģΪֲ¹ҲͨŮͬһкü죬ȴһֻһ졣
㡭Ȼ˵ܣΪٺãҲһ˲ߵͨ졣
һΣųǺҲеˣȷȷʵʵʵϵġ
Ŭ֮߳飬°ʵҽǴѧģˮƽôϼŵһʵϰԱ
ʱԳŨŨĺġ
ǺǣҴѧҽҪЦᰵ۾ѵ㲻֪ĺ֢ܲκ𣿡
а취ѿڶеһڴ
ҵʵôûκԼĺ֢ԭѾҪˡ
ǳȻһ۾ͿĲ飬֢״֪ȼһ˿ϣĻ硣
Ȼ˿϶Ĵ𰸡
ղž͸۵̽飬Ѿ֪ᰵֺ֢һ֢
аҽе֪ʶмأֲֹΪʱλڼԴͷܺ¡
ֲ֢⣬궼δسһֻаҽĶҽܸδ˲
а취ĺ֢ᰲɵļ˫ڵֻҪκҵĲҸһ򣡡
һ򣿡ΪԼˡ
һ򲻹Ǿ򡣡˳˼Ϊһ̫١
СôǮĶǲܵģЩ黹ǰ˵á
ܣĺ֢ӳڣѾٹ̣һӾͿԸεģҹ£Ҫһʱ䣬Ҳܰκáһ˵
һꡭᰳһ£ܿ뷨Һǩһͬһڣƽ֧ҽƷѣϼֱΪֹ
Сͽҵᰣֱ뵽ǩԼķ
βÿǣֱӵͷӦˡ
ǿ򰡣ǰֻεԼ׬ôǮ
ΪаҽУһӾ׬ȡĻᣬѵҪʱת
ʲôʱԿʼƣʵ
ʵû׵ģϾʵ̫ˣеҽմߡ
ڰɡѾȲҪõЩСǮǮˡ
ᰴɳվ¥ȥҼҿҽԺ
ȥҽԺЦЦ
һȥҽԺѵƣ




6¡β
 

ûİ칫΢Ц˵
ɫһƬ棬Ϊβ϶Ҫҽ豸͹ߣܲð칫ҽ䶼ûУҪôƣ
ϵᰵʣЦ͵ܣֻҪСϣͿԿʼơ
åϷĻ־ϴ
һץסᰵ󣬿ڵ侲㣬˵ֶģû㿪Ц
ߣֶιβåռұˣ⣬·Ҫѳʬˡ
ſᰵ֣û˵Ų㣬ҵҡǮѵһǮȥ𣿡
仰侲ֲŮˣ˵ûֲɵӣΪռ˶װ׶
ҳһ۾ܿ͸Ĳ飬˵ֶ˵Ҳһ档
ֻ뵽ҪóСô˽ܵĵطһʱ֮仹ǺΪ顣
һ֮һɳϣƽ˵ǾͿʼɡ
¶ģҲ˿᰾ܾƣû־ͷˡ
ᰵܸоƵı
ܣѳŦ۽⿪ʼķʩˡ
ɫһ죬ԥԲ⿪𣿡
·ƵĻ󽵵Чʱʮ궼βˡŮǿҲŤŤʱ򣬳е̿
ʮ궼βãɫһףȥŦۡ
ۿһſŦ۵Ľ⿪ĵﲻðһ档
Ҵӽǿȥܿ覵Ĳ޳񾱣кῴɷΡ
򡭡뵽ôСǮǮеа
ʱѾ⿪˳Ŧۣ˵ƭҵĻҾɱ㡣
ĿˣƲƲ˵˵ôÿһŮôҪɱˣǻ޲ȥġ
Ҽ޲޵óȥҪôעԴǡᰵݺݵ˳һۡ
εҡҡͷˣ׬ǮҪ
ƣֱӰᰵС֮ϡ
᰼Ľϸ壬һŮܲƤôð
ȴǽһϲԾĸƬΣȻһμӣԼİ칫ôܵĽӴ
ҪǲСıˣǿƺӶϴˡ
뵽鲻
ܣɡᰶ𣬻ۻϢ᰸Ӳˡ
ʱѾԳ˫Ŀһٴο͸ۣ
͸ᰵļĿŨƵĺ᲻ɢ
ֵּΪаҽ˵ĳҲϽԴ
ҽзųһۿעᰵС֮ڡ
аҽиôص˲޸ޱȡ
һͬʱҪ͸۹۲ڵΣʮֵľ񣬷һСķ˵ᰡ
˲żӹȥĶͷϾһϸ
᰸ܵСϵůģһ治͸ůָоòᷢһ
㡭ͷһȣѳֲס
ߵöӶˣôû뵽Լᷢ˵˵ļһԼ̫ˡ
ʲôûҧв˵
ЦӦá
ЦЦı飬᰸ˣɴһ۾
ȫעʩչҽ֪Сʱȥˡ
᰷ֳѾ뿪ԼСʱ۾Ȼɳϣһӡ
û°ɣᰳһ
ûʲô£ֻǾе󡣡
һʩչаҽ֣һ˰Сʱ͸ۣȷʵ͸֧ú
վһˮ
˿ˮŸоһ㣬ڵܣԺÿһʱ䣬ǶҪһΡ
һھҪһΣᰵɫһ䡣
ȷȷʵʵԸܵЧģһеʹһ㶼ûС
һҽȻ档
Ϣһ£²һƺ֧ͬʮ֮һҽƷѡ¿ۺóŦָۣһĿǡ
ǻһĨεЦ⣬᰻һɽϺ֢ʮ꣬ҲԲУβĳҲԸ⿪˵һл
ܣǰǲһߵϢһĵʵ
üһߵҪסֻҽϵ飬ʵģ
ҽϵĸ֣̲סһЦ˳
ô˵ҲҽˣȻӦҪκᰵĺ֢ȻҲҪһͬκΪ֢˵ĲŲûаҽ֮
ֻᰵĲĹ캮֢Σƺ֢ڼͨԹͨᰵĽᡣ
û뵽һ¾Ͱѻ˵ˣóĶβȥ
ᰲ˵ҲѾͨ͸ȫŮ˾ģֻһ㡣
ôһžͰ߳üףǸԱ¡
ЦʲôĿ⣬мһ˿棬˵㻹ûлشңҽˮƽôʵϰĹ
ⲻ𣿡ٺһЦ˫ֵ浽Ժøʵš
㣡᰺ݺݵ˳һۣ˵ļһûΣҲûһ滰
ĹҽûһҲ߰ʮˣûһгĸ߳ҽôᡣ
Ů˵ĺĶǺصģҲ⣬ԽԽ֪ҽôѧġ
᰺Ȼ뵽ʲô˵㻹ǱʵϰˣʽƸ㵱ϼŵϯҽʦн򡣡
򣿳ƤһҵθԹԣᰵĽǮҲ̫˰ɣ۾գһ£ҽнͿȥˡ
ҽǰƺ֢ôԼ
ȿ̲ʵϯҽʦʲôģ鷳Ļҿɲ
һֱҪһˣֶ˶֮õĸнְλȻһ鷳ӣһϽĶûС
鷳Ǹµҽʦָҽѧ⣬аæҽԺ˵֢ѹסᰲĽ͵
⻹鷳𣿳ʱҭ




7¡̬
 

аҽ£׷ľңڣһܽᣬԣ
ɲÿζŵҪҽԺæͷöǿһ㶼
ܣˡ޷ӦƸ룬˵ЩҿϽҡҡԴ
ᰵҪץˣǲͲ
Ϊ˲װ׷һλҽ᰻ҧгݵ˵ǾҪϯҽʦرش⣬Ҳ֣н򲻱䡣
ӳͺŽԿ׳ᰣûôŵ͹̬һٲӦĻ᰺ԼĻ֣ݺһ١
ǻࡣһΪѵӣһ
ϢûУϢ˾͸ȥһ²Ѻͬȥ㲿š
OKվǳע£ȻԵõ߳ܲð칫ҡ
ջصгƵĴɤţŰ״ŭ𣺡㵽ǩǩ
ͬҾԲǩġ״޵滨꣬ǿľܾҪ
ԭһӣͻһ⳥չ涨˾ǲģҪԼ
ȻԸǮǾ뵽˶
Ϊʲôǰ״ΪǸ̤᲻õʵϰԱڲ֪¾ǩ⳥ͬ
Ұ״ҪǱһľծһַŪˣֱһõơ
ֻû뵽״Ȼְˣӿһ㶼ɵһ¾ͿҪǩĺͬ⣬Ҳǩ˾ͳ˵ǰһĻ
ٺ٣㲻ǩҲСһڰ״ϵתһа֮ɫֻҪȥͿͻȾƣҾͲǩֽͬ
״һͷҡøˣ˼ҪǴӦײ
״ҲҲѧҿ𣿡ݺݵĵŰ״ŵ˵
˭˵Ҫˣǵ˹
һ㵣ŭĿĿ˵ã
ʱ칫ҵĽ㶼۵ϣ˶еܾ棬ȥôãȻһ¶ûС
еȫͬ
ҲһɣһʱҲû룬ϵֽʺͬ˵벻ҲԣֻҪǩݺͬҾ͸һڹ˾ĹµĻᡣ
˵꣬¶һյЦݣȥªˡ
ǧǩ״˵
ұ죡ݺݵĵ˰״һۣŵֱ
һЦ˵Ҳǩ˵ĺͬҲᱻ
Ǻǣ˵㣬˵㣡ɫ˵㲻ҪҪһΣ㵽ǩǩ
״æʹɫ֪ͥãҪΪ˹ǩһ⳥ͬһӿɾˡ
ЦЦ˵µʱҪ㣬ݺͬҲǩģҲǿȰ״ǩҵ˼ô
ѾϺͬݣȻұһ̤СŮǩӺͬļֱ¹ޡ
ðҪ췴ˣһССʵϰԱָ£ҿǲ֪Ŀͨһ룺񷼣һ£Ҫһˣ
绰žһطݺݵĶųҪСӺÿ
ȥǸ²ĸ񷼣һ֣״ˢһ¾ͰˣһϾӡ
񷼽ӵ绰ܿгʮңĲ¶һ鹵ʹһɧ
ֻǺķ۵ףóһ͸еġ
һֱʵҪ˭
гġص
ʲô󣿡һֹĿǡ
ȻҪһʵϰԱ練ƣҲܺɵĿҪһġ
˵СӲϰٵײ˾ȥ²̣˰ɡ
Ҿŵ㵽﹫˾ûгٵֻǺۣҲ㶥ײ˾ɱҰݵı
ߣǰСʱϰҹ涨ģ͸ˣг˭Ҳصģ˵꣬Ŀɨһ칫ҡ
ɨӹԱһԾĵͷȥñŭйԼϡ
ǲֳţ»Ѫ꣬мпڵģɲΥĹ涨ҪǶ˹ֻȫҺˡ
˾涨Ǿŵϰ࣬ҾóûгٵһѾĨİ״ҪĻǾͰҲһ𿪳ˡ
״˿Ѿ¶ģҲˣֱ̬Ժָʲô
û뵽ƽʱԸİ״ô¸ң˴Ĵָ
״£Լλȥ᲻óСŮ
״ȴûĻǼᶨվڳߡ
񷼿üͷ壬ɫõ˵ȥ칫ң¸˵һ¡
ƤһɨһȦµԱʲôԼ£
Ȼų񷼽뾭칫ңؽŴ
ʵͳ񷼵ϵڹ˾Ѿʲôˣ˳ǽȥһ¾Ͳµ񷼿϶Ƿ󿴰״ˡ
ǲǶǸ״˼ţ۲ˣһ񷼾ͱ˸ɫ۾˵
ѶڨЦ˵񷼣϶ˣҵֻһˣôҶǰ״˼أ
˵ݵλԭöԳģҵǳ²λá
ǷĹʳ֪ζ벻ˡ
͵ʱ䳤ˣ񷼸˵ܣһȥĻѣֻܶԳ񷼰˳
ߣҽƱ磬԰״û˼ĻǸղҪ㿪Ϊʲô񷼲ĵʵ
˵뷨ʱһ졣
ַܿӦɥ˵㻹֪һʴӣҪ⳥ͻһǸ״ֻҪĲǶ˼
˵ģԣɫҲ
һ˵ȫˣҪʾ޿ڳǱʶľһ򣬱ϾݳƷͳԺֵǮɶǻġ
ƭ𣿡˵£ʮַꡣ




8¡˭
 

ߣԽԽûˡ¶ĵɫ
仰һ˫أ˵һףҲڰʾǷС
󱻳ѵ⣬ȴһƢûУֻĬϡ
ͻȻ˵ԣ˶ĻǸҲ԰Ϊʲôǵð״㵱ûǲǣ˵һѾסĶ䡣
Ӵ㡢㣡ʹֲòѹһ˱Ҳǹҵġ
ˣ뻻Сǰɣôѵ㣡קָˡ
ӴӴҽͰǿʹвס˵СӱʯͷӲǲǩ⳥ͬǰ״ԸöԸһ㣬ҪҵѴ
һ˵֮󣬳񷼹Ȼ֣ǽŽɵı顣
񷼣ΪһΪǵҸҪһѡ
ûĶ㲻ǲ֪¶³жϸھһʵϰҪ׼Ҫ˶±֪
ԼֻҪҿСҧҧ˵
ǰڹ˾ɵ¹ˣҲ¶һ
ϣ߳칫ҡ
ھ͸ȥ²ǩ֣ȻͿ뿪ϼˡޱĿ˵
ҲӦأЦЦ
ϵô˵Ц𲻴Ӧɲ㣬ŲߵĻҾͽбˣʱ򱻺ŶۣɲҪڣ
вɴ˫ֱۣһ칫ߣһ˵Ųߵӡ
Щ̣Ҫ򱣰ҵĵ绰
ʱ߽һλ۾Ůԣžʣ𣿡
֮˶һ
ⲻ²ܿôҲҳˣҶԳĳƺ𾴵ӡ
˰˼⡣
ҲʵžҳѾҿˣ
ʲôܿʱɫһڣʵôҿǼŵϯҽʦ
ܿӵᰵĵ绰ʱҲһгʵϰȻᱻܲƸΪϯҽʦһߴн
ܿ𾪵ǣ᰻ⶨһݰҽƺͬȻ֪óҽε˭ҽƷãܿǵһμ
ţΪְֵܿǺܿͽЩϢһʱⶨݺͬ
뵽ܰôҪ齻Լֱܿܳúͬٶг
֮ܳǰôھǰĴˣǧ򲻸ҵˡ
û뵽һ˵˳ܿһ˰ء
ܿĻгˡ
ϼϯҽʦô߶˴ϵεְҵôܻʵϰϵһ
ǻԼĶǲˣҲסˣܿʺ޷Ӧ
񷼵һӦһתŻɵʵʲôϯҽʦܿ˵һ㡣
Ϊ²ܿһֱǳ񷼵ӵĶ˶˵һҲ
ܸոƸΪǼŵϯҽʦǩͬġܿ˵Űݺͬŵ˵ǰ
˲ͱͬϹ۵нҽסˡ
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ܿ˵꣬ͰѺͬ͸ֱʵ˹ȥ
ţͻȻֹܿǲ̫ˣֻһʵϰѵ¸ˣ
Ļ˰칫˵ͬҪ֪ϲŸոײأôתۼܾͰнƸϯҽʦˣô붼޿ܡ
ǰϰٵײ˾ûûСģҶҪˣôܻƸҲˣЩ
ղȷʵסˣó飬
⡭ѵǹ˾һܿôһ˵ҲЩȷˡ
񷼼״ɵЦܿ²ôģƸ˭û͸˿ͬҪǵǹ˾ʧ㵣𣿡
Ϊ²ĳ񷼣ܿλúܾˣξȻץܿô©ôϷŹǧѷĻᡣ
ܿ亹ֱϸ룬Ƹһʵϰȷʵȫܵ飬ĸˣܵ磬ԼҪˡ
žûҴˣƸȷʵҡƽ˵
㻹ƨϿҹȥ˿ͷ󶨣Գ
ȷҪ𣿡һЦ⣬ûаҵӡ
ŵĽеûҾҪ㣬Ҳûˣھͽб
ң
ͻȻһ
ʲôҵģҲ룬ʮĴ˵
˵ͬʱҲ˳ת˵˭֮ɫֱ軹ѿ
򡭡ܣôˣ˵ò
ĵײֹһɿ־УΪʲôܲô˻гոջһ䡣
ᰲžµĺɫ߸Ьһһ˹ĳͯŮʸ䣬޲ֱӣ˵ʮ㡣
·ƣģ̨ҪÿٱĿѣԡ
ŮŮ
ߵǰʼһ㺮˪˾ʥַ
˭ҿ᰿ڣͬ겻ĺ
˫һվס
ȫ᰻˼
гʵϰΪžѵûȨһԼŵԱ
Щɲ˵ڣŬѳһЦ˵ܣݹ٣Ҫȵҵİ칫Ҹݱϸ˵
ߣϻƪֱת˵˵ɡ
ǻһĨЦ⣬˵İôҪôǿȰ״ǩ⳥ͬԼܿ˵һ顣
ͳɫһٱ䣬ǵ˵⳥ͬʱľսҪֹ˵ȥȴֲҡ
ȳ˵꣬˵ɫѾѿ




9¡Ե
 

ܣȫں˵˵ǧ˵Ļ󼱵ͷ󺹣Ҫһ⳥᰷֣ͬҪ군ˡ
Ŀһۣ˵ƸϯҽʦĻܲţѵҲ
ʲô
ڳᰵĻȫĿɿڴ
һֱŵЦһӽסˣȿ޻ѿ
Ҳ˲ɫҰףһƬҡ
Ҳ˵ܿøǩͬģᰵĵȷȷƸ˳ϯҽʦ
սս˵ܣֻһʵϰѣһѧҽģôᡭ
ҵ۹𣿡һ仰Ļ˺
ʱԼ⣬Ȼ˵ôɵƵĻѧװ
᰼˵㣬ΪŵľȴܣְȨȻԱ㶥鶼óѲ﹤
ᰵÿһ仰شϣ¶־塢ʺ;֮ɫƺٱˡ
ܣƾһ֮ʣҪҿҲͻȻַҲЪ˹ǾҪңҲҪ»ͬ⡣
ᰵɫ׳
һεıѩ籩·Ҫ͡
˳֮⣬˶ԾČס˺
˵ûԭȷʵҪ»ͬ⡣ᰶ󣬻ͻȻת䣺ǰ
£᰼˵ϼŵܲãԼһУ˵㣡Ҫ㣬Ҫκ˵ͬ⣡
˿ǳ׵ľˣͻȻڵϣɵİܣΪЧ꣬ûйҲп͵ķϣһλᣬҪҰ
ڵһҡβĹƽﱻѹԱǿһĻʮֽ
ûлӦֿ´ҽʦ˾ķϣæ˵飬պһúñ㣡
Ҳ֪ҵ˾ϧҲٿ˾ˡһЦͬĿɲõϡ
ʱңζ벻̶̼ʱ䣬ͺͳĴתˣƽƣõнֺֻޡ
ת˵㳣񷼣вϵӰ칫˾󣬴ӽҲϰˣܿҪ⳥һ֪ͨ񲿴
ǣܡܿĻش
̶̼仰֮䣬᰾Ϳһ͸ʲôаͽа
ڳԱǶ¶˳ݵı飬Ƕλܲİݷˡ
ͳ쵼ǹ˾棬Ǵĵ顣
񷼴˿̾һ̲࣬ذϣǰְнΣǼһء
ˣȱгְλɳɡ᰽仰˶𾪵òҧԼͷ
ڿĿⶼһˡ
ʲôûܰѾ󡢳񷼶ˣܻгȨǮְλҲۺͬˡ
ʲôʺˣѵܵӵ
ĿˣϾڽ֮ǰǲλµء
ңʲôҽѧרңҽѧרҵǣôͱƸΪϯҽʦˣ
״ҲһַǳĿ⿴ųһΪԼͦ˽ŷֳһоͺһš
ܣгְλ㻹ҸɣҾͲˡڣһú鷳ӡ
ۿ˲㱻仰°ͣҲ̫װ˰ɣ
ĸнְλȻӣ²Ǹɵӣ
ҲһļһһξܾԼǵô˵棬ܲûôµ̨
ֲһҽһССʵϰߣû־һϽĶûС
ҧҧ㲻ǾȹҸҺܿҵʵˣ㻻
˵Ѹת첽˳ȥټĻᱻ
ʱ˿ųĿȫһˣô쵽ģȻĸϻһƢûС
ֻ˵ʵͶˣ
ͳҲܿ˳ȥ϶ų顣
ôԹ޳Ҳϼ£ͲǱôˡ
ҵ㶼ܰŪη
Ƕ߳ȥ֮гԱ׷Χ
ϲ
ʲô֣г¾ϲ¾
¾ΪԺгϣ
ЩķУЦЦÿɷ
ʹ֮飬ԼͻȻǰĺˣЩ˵Ȼźùϵ
Ǹ̬ˣгľһÿ˶ǴĿġ
ӽ쿪ʼгǰСʱϰĹϣҰʱϰ࣡¹ΣȰ̬涨ˡ
Ү
˵ʱȸԾԺÿڿԶ˯СʱˣԶϰ˵Ǻܱʱ䡣
ôͻȻ֮ôҶ첻ʶ״գź۾ʵ
㻹ҳг¾˵
״һ֪ô˵ˣѵÿնԼˣ仰
ڰ״ΪҲʱ򣬳̲סЦ״ŻȻ׳Ż
ߣ˲𰡣Ż˼ҡ״ί˵
֮ǰڲڵĹϵͺܲˣǰ״֪Ůѣ˵ĹϵܻٽһҲ˵
Ȼ״֪Ѿѳ˦ˡ
Ű״ǿɰСЦ˵ûǿΪΪھǰת
˵ģ״һ£۾Ǿϲ
㶥ͷ˾Ļ𣿡˰״СԴһ£ǵĹϵǰתҲûʲô
״С΢΢һ죬ϵ˵лл㡣
ųʣ뵽ѾŮˣָоĿʲô¶µġ
лңȥúùɡЦЦ˵
߽칫ңڿϣ뵽ԼҲǿƵʵϰӹˣһˬ
ڻǸĲžʲô¶øɣȻиԱȥ
ǮٵְʲǶ޷õİ
Ȼгְλֻݴġ
ˣͬǩ껹Ҫѱûظܿ
Ȼгɲʲô쵼ļӣ׼Լȥһ²ѱݺͬܿ




10¡û
 

ϼţҡ
ۿһСʱȥˣһֱſյܶӳеסˡ
ԱְӦúܿİһСʱ´ˣôСӻû
µıȥһʲô
ʮгɨһȦֳ󶼲ڰ칫
ȥˣװģʵ
û˻ش
г֪ǿĹϵôŵģ󱻿ˣͿβˬﻹȥ
ƺûеԾ˾䣺СҲ𣿡
ӣ˶һֵοе㲻ˡ
Щ˽춼ô£Ȼɫ
ʱ״վ˵ܶӳȥ²ˡ
¶Ȼı飬Ӧ²ְˡ
õϢθֳЦݣ˳²ȥ
һ²칫ңһ۾Ϳںܿ˵ЩʲôһԻվ
첽ǰ˵ְôˣ
㻹ȥɡǹһааЦһֿɵӵΡ
ܿҲòõĿ⿴
βԣŷɫûѿ
￩һ£СʵǲѾ˳Сӣְģ
ͷ̲סһֿڣڼȷ޴йֻܰˡ
αһΪʲôôƢѵǱģ
תŭ㶼ϼˣߣҾҪúýѵһ㣡
˵ţк¾Ҫȥ
׼ѳңúáѵһ١
ڣ
̲סЦֱڣƣּ׳յӣôڵģ
µҲԾûεĻԳ֡
Σ̫ˣȻҶԳ˵ܿڣҲܲˡ
ž˵ʲôκһϣһ˲ûת
ôͨһþļŴ쵼ȻԳССʵϰǳӣ
ܿΣѾнƸǹ˾ϯҽʦˣڳǼŵĴôҶ˲
ζʱŴÿһƻˣܿĻ𾪵Ըӡ
²칫ҵԱҲһȻǰ׾ΪʲôԳôأԭȻܸнƸˣʵ벻
ˣѾܿˣҿҲʺϴˣǽһ뿪ɡܿ䣬޶۵ɾ޴
ʵܿ뿪˾ˣֻǰĹϵһֱûж֡
ɫ䣬亹ֱðΪʲôһӣԭ챻ģȻԼĴɽ
ڻ꼰㣬ԼҪˣôܵˣ
۷ڣЩҪ赹ȥ
ܶӳ㻹ǵǵĶԼ𣿡Ц˵
﷢࣬ҳжԼģȫû뵽Լǹײȥˡ
ɫǵͨ죬ҪôǰүүƤĸ鰡
Լ֮ǰԳֺģڲΪ˹Ҫ裬Ĵ̫̼ˡ
κԼĻܿ۵йߡ
үүүүүүδĿǻе
ۣû뵽ĶԼȻˮˡ
˰֣ᷳ˵ûӣɡ

ǰ˵ܶӳˣҶЦ
ѱݺͬܿͻصгȥˣٿһۡ
صԼİ칫ңһԣһʱܿ͹ȥˡ
°ʱ䣬ĵƿ׼ѧУᡣ
һĻܶѾ֪ΪϼϯҽʦгˣɫеŹ֡
Ͼϼţĸװġź°ģΨ½쵼ѧ˸Сƿʵ̫ˡ
ȴû˸ҳЦϾܿص½˰
쵼Ľأܿɴûôù
гһ廹ѯʳҪҪǵ˳糵΢Цһһܾˡ
Сƿܿͻص캣ѧ֪䣬ǸԼõС㳡
ǻһĨЦݣҲ֪ôػ֮ˡ
Ҳ췢̫£С㳡ɢɢİɡ
ʱ㳡ĳΪ˵Ľ䣬캣УطѩŴ磬ͻȻ֣ǰһ
ϳӢͦԼΧطѩӹһ˿ů⡣
׼߹ȥͳкȴֿһŮͳ˵ϻˡ
ǸеľȻѧУһ競٣طѩü΢ͣ˽Ų
ô˳ϹϵطѩȲȥͳкһ˵
ԭͣõƿҸλʱ뿴ӳ֮С
ǰŮǸŷƷ壬˺һܵ§һ˵黰ͣĸǣͲڱݻˡ
·ͬѧ׷ȥ飬Ҳ͵͵¼ƵģԹŮȣһ㶼˵Ŀ⡣
ԩ·խɫһ׼뿪
ʱŷƷɲɵģҲ˳
Ůѵ˿ӡڳϣŷƷԾչԼԽС
һŷƷÿŵ˵ףǲǾǰѳʲôô㣬ѵƤ㻹ģ
ŷƷ弫óòת
ǽüĿӺͦγʵˣһ˿ɫ
֮ǰϻһʣ·˸Ƶġ
ʵ۳࣬ŷƷÿˣǳ˧ܵ𣿻һ뵽ֳ˱ġ
ɲһӳԿۣ
㻹Ҹ첻˵ˣҺѾһϣпܵˣ˵
ԣеεЦǲҸо̫ˣҲ㸴ϵġ
طѩλǵľɫŮ֮ڳмֱǸ˹֣治֪ԼǰôϹˣְĽٵŮˡ
֪һӲԸԺϻԴġ˵
Ͼһʱ䣬˽ˣ̫ˡ
һûбµĻֶͻԵúۣܿЦ˺
ٴξúͳֵľʮֵȷ




11¡ŷƷ
 

ǺǣѾûκιϵˣҵԸôò˵ġʱת䡣
ҡҡͷԹ˵ԸٲĵĻԺҵµŮѣҲֵġ
̲סЦһŮԼݽȴѽƵԸȥѵİ
ڿʲôЦˣԺҵõŮѣŶԣ˵ЩǮĳŮԸһ׵С׸ŷƷ޼ɵĳЦų
ŷƷЦֹΧ˵Ŀ⡣
лвͬѧĿ˦˳ŷƷһġ
ٴα裬ɵ÷׷׸̾ۿеҲ̫˰ɣŷƷŮѣֳ˲죬ȻǮܹΪΪ
˭˵ҲŮѵģ
ʱһ峺ӳı
ѭȥֻһòŮһͷںڷļɢϾϣһ˫Ŀ֮䣬̲תǡ
һŶʧǳɫȹһɫԳȵΡ
ǰһˮ׹Ϊһλðʡ

㳡ϵĿȫΪᣬͬѧͣ·ɵһ㣬Ůͬѧ׷ͶȥĽʵĿ⣬ŮˣΪʲôܳô
λŮǱˣǸղվڲԶԹ۵طѩ
˵ע£طѩ˵ߵߣȻǳȻס˳ֱۣӻ΢΢ڳϣɫʮǡ
ҿ
طѩĶ˲侪˵°͡
ŷƷҲ˶ɵˣһᣬŵʵطѩô£
ղŲ˵ҲŮҾǳŮѡطѩ˵
ۣ
طѩ仰Χ۵̲סһڿˮ
ⲻİɣ
캣ѧУŮ񣬾Ȼһһ˭ţ
˵طѩͶ캣ѧû̸Ƕ߶˧Ǯ׷ߣܾһᶼ
ٿһ̯·һƵƿȻУ֪˶˵
ҿҲ̫ţˣôѵشУģˣ
ԭΪŷƷأǳѵУǰŮѱŷƷ©Ѱɣ
û뵽ŷҲн죬˿ϵЬţƣ
Χ۵ͬ׷Ͷȥݵ񣬴ţƣֱұ˿Ŀģа
ΧЩ̵ŷƷֱڵҸȥˣղŻ˵ҲŮѣ˼ҶѵУˣֱڳĴ
𣿡ɫѿʵ
طѩϺŵĵóеԣһֻ§סУ޹ǵСЦȻġ
Ȼóطѩ֮һһȻȫһ޼£١
߰ɣûʲôôġȻһЦطѩųĺɫȥ
طѩǧ򼶱ܣΧ۵ͬѧǶԳͶˣУгӮҲ˰
֮£ŷƷʮıֱޱȵĺף˺üΡ
ϣЦ˵ллˣطѩ
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뵽ŷƷˣøоֱ̫ˬˣǹ˦ĶҲ㻹˻ȥ
ûʲôҽΧҲطѩһЦ
װУǸѧأϸ룬ôװռ˱ˣطѩָһ˿̺졣
оô˿ԺҪϷȫףЦ
У԰ԵĴٶǷǳģ캣ѧУߵϢºܿͻᴫ÷зˡ
طѩһۣ
Դ캣ѧطѩ˵̸ˣһŶûдװõŮѣ˵ǻȥˡ
ʱûȥ룬ô
Ҳûð˵شУ׷߶飬Դӽѧ¥ŵУſءЦ˵
طѩε˵˵ô࣬˵ˣ׷Ҳһܷյ鰡
Щô׷ߣطѩ͸еһͷۡ
Ǻǣܱȱ˦ðɣԳĻһ䡣
ȻѾȫ±˦ˣطѩһӡ
ҲҪ̫ˣӦòҲŮѵġطѩο
ʵŮ鷽˵һŰֽȫ벻ͨΪʲô˦ŷƷһ
طѩɱŷƷֶǿˡ
˵䣬ѾУš
طѩǾĲЦŮôֵΪģˣҪȥ
Ϊ˸лϰңԷ֪ͬѧͲأطѩתԳЦЦʮֵ޶ˡ
֮תһҵֵ֣඼Ǹָߵѳ
ŮͣҪǲӦǾȴ֮֮һЦѾһҸߵǰͣ¡
װ޵÷ǳһͲһѵģĹ˿ͻǺܶ࣬쳣𱬡
طѩһ߽ţ˲䶼طѩǳò޵ˣ׷עӹ
ЩǣƵģɴ۾ͣĿ̿ˮǴûôƷôʵŮ
ߵλʿȴǴͷŶƽƽ棬ȥһ˿ôܹλŮһ
ɥʧǣڳǶԳͶȥ˳ӵĿ⣬޲ðѳ̻Ƶġ
ЩĿͨͨӣطѩҵһλܿһзԱ˹
зԱҲطѩݺݾһѣеĿȥһ˿ôּܺŮԷأүǲƽ
ҶѼǧԷݷǸ󣬿ǺģзԱְһ٣һﲻװľС
Ѳ˵ŵطѩǰʵλŮʿҪЩʲôɫ
ɣʲôܵ㡣طѩѲ˵Ƹ󷽷˵
зԱ۾ֱˣʲôһŮôã
Է¶ˣֺŮˣû龰
Ҳʩչаҽʥֿ͸۰β˷ǳľͣϾѾꤡ
һõ˵ܿ͵ʮˣзԱˡ
طѩҲһ棬̲סʵô࣬Ե𣿡
Ӧû⣬Ҫ𣿡ɫȻ˵
طѩЦҡҡͷôˣɲܳԵ꣬ٵ㼸ڲˡ
ðɣǷԱϽϲ˰ɡоԼĶڹˣ·ƽûô
зԱ˵ͷųʮˣˣ̲ס鴤һ£ǲҶ˵ʲôŲ˵뿪ˡ




12¡γв
 

û뵽㻹Ǹθطѩգ˵
Цѵû˵ʧ˶ᱩʳòû̸ɣ
У̸˲𣿡ųطѩ̲סϷɺ죬˵ˣ⸱ɵӣɲʧˡ
ǿջЦ
δ˵꣬͸о
תͷȥһߴ׳ˣһƣ࣬ڣһͲԷġ
طѩĸ˿һˣ˿ڵһ仰ͳ˶Գ衣
ͬʱ඼ԳͶ˱ĺвĿ⡣
طѩˣü˵γҸ˭һ𣬺ʲôϵҺֲ졣
ԭкγĸ׳ˣطѩڶ׷֮һҲǷǳǮ
γ캣ѧֵЭĻ᳤˵ˮƽѾﵽڴĶΣѧУаԵ˸ǡ
طѩѧУ㳡ԼǳŮѵ飬һʱʹ˺γĶ
طѩͳԷ󣬾ʹżֵЭСܹˡ
طѩĻγ̲סЦ죿׷һ꣬͸ݳƷһ£СӲźʶãͺһڹ𣿡
˵꣬ݺݵĵ˳һۣ֪ʶطѩһʱ䣬»õ
γ̫ˣڳԷ㲻ҪǺ𣿡طѩĿڸˡ
һγø׵ֶζôطѩѲ䷳
˿뵽úγģôװͳһһʱ䣬Ҳûʲôõġ
뵽طѩ͵͵˳һֻۣüĿϸһûеĳʣɱԵĺγǿˡ
طѩɵ÷һԼ뵽ȥˣϽջĿ⡣
γ߼طѩֽˣǿ˵гǰɣʲô꼶רҵģ˵Һγ𣿡
û˵˺γһۣ˵
γͫһ˲ӿգ캣ѧûһѧҶô˵
طѩԥһȭѳã
ɳȣȻϴ󶼲ʶγһСҸ㣬ϴ캣ѧֵЭ᳤һǺڴĶεĴ֣ǲ𣡡
˵ô࣬һǲʶĿǡ
ʲôƨ᳤ڴΣһȤûС
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ڴĶΣʵĳôܻᱻŵ
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ȻطѩУγʲôûˡ
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γ˵꣬ֱۣþȫȥ
꣡
γһ֮£ѳΣܵĿ˶һ
γ֣ȥû뵽Ȼһӡ
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ĸﳤȥ
طѩǶϳصĲԳǸȻԲ۵ˡ
û£ⲻĴЦŰο
γ竸Űˣطѩ׷ߣֲղŻ¿ˮ
㻹ҪСĵ㣬ºγĻ鷳طѩüеԽԽˣ²˳
ôˣʲô£Ļ˵ʵ
ӵһμطѩʼͷطѩü䣬ǹһĨǳʲô鷳飬
طѩǳ֮ɫԽԽˡ
طѩųӣС죬ֹ
źͳʶһ죬ޱ˵Լ£ܾе㲻ס
طѩ⸱ģװ˵һΪ֮ѾˣԭҳԷ飬ͰѹϵƲһɶ
طѩæ͵ҲǸ˼㲻Ҫˡ
˵˵ʲô鷳ˣ˵ܰæ
ųϹĵĿ⣬طѩһ£ڰ˵˳
ԭطѩүүĽʯʮǰһֲֲֹֹտʼʱʲô֢״
ȵһ죬Ҳ͵˲ʱ̣Ľʯֱ˻Բѵ״̬
ؼҼæүͽ캣ҽԺһŷ˾綾
ȻҽԺôҽѧרоãȴû˿Ľʯеʲô
ҽĻ飬òһ׵˳ƽϵϯҽʦİ壬Ŷһռߵ
ʵķжʱطѩɬľаָֻҵĳɹʡ
طѩΪʲôôˡ
ּĽϾֻɵĳɹʣү̡
ʵүүǰһҽҽǳûβõĲطѩ˵һóϢ
طѩүү˵ôôΪʲôĽʯжʮ죬Լûвֱأ
̲סԼ뷨˳
㲻֪ҵүүƢǳŹ֣ĳһͻȻ˵ԼҽˣһҲûҽιطѩ¶һ˿Цؾ綾һүүͷˣֻǲ˵ѡ
طѩСͺүүһĽʯĹŹ飬û˱˽ˡ
ӣӺˣѵүӻˣ̫
үүΪʲôҪأʵ
طѩҡҡͷҲסүүҽ֮󣬾ͶԹʯǳԣôӡ
Ľʯʮ꣬ؼôǮֻҪúõĻĽʯϰ궼пܡ
Ժ˲ðʣүеʲô˭µĶԼ¶Ϊʲô
үүʲôʱǰȥ̽һѾҽ뿴ڶҽѧרҶ޲ߵĵʲô




13¡ֵܵǸ
 

طѩмĻشҪȥĻʱѧУɡ
õģҲſİɣүүĲ϶κõϣοһ䡣
ʱԱѲ˶˹ˣ㲻ĴԴˣǶˡ
õӣطѩҲ̲סݸһЦԭûθڵſţʼˡ
㷹֮󣬳طѩϵʽ˾ʱˡ
صᣬϢһ£Ϳĺֵܻվ̨ڲͣĲ
ô£
ʱ䣬Ѿϰ˵ˣɲӦûᡣ
ΪûҵʵϰɾѧУҹؾư˷ݼְʱߵ㵽賿㡣
Գɻûȥϰ࣬Ÿе֡
ߵ̨;òԾˡ
ԭɵļôȻ͵͵ĳ
ɣô£˭۸ˣҡʵ
˶һ£󻺻ת
Ǳ׵ģ･ַŭĻǣȻ˭ģ
ҡҡͷֻǲͣķصĳ
֪ɵԸƫ˴Ҳ˵˭˫ְסļһһ˵ɣҵĺֵܣҲִܶԷ˭Ҷֻعҡ
ɿų۾ܵĹ裬ֹͣ˳ſǻ˵ٻмҪƣҹȥȰ裬ͱǴˡ
һˡ
ٻǻɵѣҲİֻǻˣһֱұס
˶ҹؾưɴ򹤣ٻҲͻһͨķԱƵĹ
ǼҪٻƣȻǻᱻܾġ
ڻѾñ׵Ļٻ˿̺ܴܿڲľء
룬ŻɾҪߡ
ھȥǼ죡
û뵽֣˵еģϴˣǵﲻģ
ϴ󣿡ͣ½ŲͷһηĻɡ
ֻηη˵ϴ캣кţƵĴ¹ǧˣ캣е磬һ붼ǵĵ̡
ݻɵϴ²˶࣬Ҳ࣬ҹؾưĸߵֳʮҡ
֮⡢캣вҹꡢƵ궼ϴĲҵͲһЩùʲˡ
˵ϴɣܴΪҲĺͨ죬̶̼ʱ䣬ʹôһƬҵǳ̬
ߣǻ˭۸ֵܣУĿñ
Ǹ˵еɣж
ɸܵǹɱʣо˶ˣȫһˡ
Ҳ˵壬˱仯
Ҫȥɻԥ˵ϴĲܶùİ
û뵽ٻᱻộ𣿡ʵ
һ仰û͵һ۾ȫʧˡ
ΪԼİŮôųһӣ
¶οĻɵļ򣺡ߣȥҹؾưɣ
Ҿưɾ캣ѧǳ˺ܿ쵽˵ط
ӡеһװ޵ý̻Ի͵ĽšҹءֵĲʵƣɢλõĹʡ
ҹǸһĴưɣιЩСưɱȲϵģÿ϶Ů
ȻĹ˿ȵһҵףһѲġ
˳߽ưɣʵĻĸλã
ɹָһ
ۿȥָֻһżˣһ˾Ȼطѩɵ̸磡
ʱ̸һѩѵˣھƣǸʮ־ηӡ
ٻǸԱߣͣĨᡣ
ӣʱûٻô
ĺֵܻɣԻһӡ
ɣҹȥкͷ̸ȥ
ϻݺݵ̸磬һĵģӣֺֺЦ
̸Ŀ̸һ۾ͿϽǺµСӣﲻɵһ˿̡
ʱͼһ֣ȻСĪɱ̸ǶԳ˿־壬º־úܲ
Աиг̸˲˵˵Сӣһûȥ㣬ôˣ
˲ЦϵŮѣɧֵܵŮѣǲѵ
̸翴Աߵٻһ¾ˣСǸǰԼȻһΣҲ֪ʲôѪù
ٻͻɵ·𿴵һվȴǸӰȥ
̣˭ʶģӿڣһĿ
̸æ׸磬СӺе˽˶ԹȻˣ͸
˵ţк£СаţСĵԸ
̸绹ôʶôεҡҡͷ
̸缸ϵĿվƿܿΧ
ϣ̸ͻȻơƿͷϺݺ䡣
Ͳţس֮ǰаš
̸־ڱصõʱͻȻ֣ǰʧˣ
֮£ȴһơƿԼ
һ·̫죬̸ܲˣֻܺݺݵİһ£
ॣ
һ˾ĿУ̸ͼ»ơƿҵ˶Էϡ
ÿ˵ҵѪ죬̲סʹ
ԭڴ֮ǰѾüٶ̸ǵĹȦվһԿϷ
̸һʱֲס˵Լˡ
ֻ˵ٶʵ̫ˣ֪ε˶Ϊ̸ڧء
Ҳһ־ˣʲô¡
ʣǾʡ˹ЦǼڱƿ𣿡
ĳ̸ŭǸƿһƣǲϹˣϴ󶼸Ҵ򣡡
ҡ˵ҲίˣôĲҲһ
ٴμʶаţ̸ǸһٸҲˡ
̸缸˶ʵˣĿĿǸС׸硱ļһѩѣ§ٻʮֵš
ſֵܵŮѣȻǵǸޱ˵
Ǹûɣ׸̲סЦƺóĻǳЦСҲױ˭
Į˭ҪҪ˴ҵֵܣɧֵܵŮѣԾҪǵǸ
̸翴öɵˣû˭Һ׸˵ģСǻòͷ
ưʶױˣҲע⵽ߵΣȻҪôмǸ뵽Сˣ
ױƬλȻɺܿ캣ѧֲܱҵ
ױҲǸ֣һʮ׳û⣬ȽϺɫϲѧá
ЩԸʶŮѧױѾˣԿֻǷٻǿơ




14¡Ҵ
 

ڿҪǸױ¶мЦݣΪԼ˭ҪӵǸûҵģ
ŲҲ÷ϻˣһԵĻ˵ɣȥٻ
һŵɫ࣬ôҴױߴٻǼֱǻڰ
ǳӺɷʲôúµģҪҪŮˣ
һ仰˵ûɺٻ˶һ졣
ٻʱ֪ɶ⡣
ų˼ĺͻȻ֪첽߹ȥҪȥٻ֡
ܺãɹŭˣױͻȻվŵû˻ȥ
˶֪ױŭˡ
̸ϲϴ֣СҪԲ˶ˡ
ױ׳˶һվ˵ѹǳ֮ģױѾ
ֻгɲĿƽվ
ʱױˣͳߵľ룬ıȫӡ
һ֮䣬ױѾ嵽ǰ˶ȭͷȻû˷Ӧʱ䡣
ǡǡһܹӦù֮ˣۼٶȾұۣȵĵסױޱȵһȭ
ױһ˲ֻоȭͷϴҵʹУСӵ壬ѵǸ
ٶȺͦġǻһĨŪЦ⣬ֻϧҡ
ױ־ŭɭȻСӣΪ˼;ԼǿֶΣھƣ
˵꣬ױͬͻһ˹ȭٶȣǱ֮ǰһ
ͲˣСӻܽӵסֿ籩ȭͷ
һ̣Ķױĳ˺ס
Ϊ壬ĳ֣
ױȭѾˣǳ죬͸ױȭӰһȭֿ׼ֺݵĴױϣ޿ɱܡ
ȣطεױ򣬸оʹ˲ȫСһȭ֮£ȻԼʧȥս
ױž˫ȭȴѾȭˣһ󺧡
ӳôೡܣױûֲĶ֣
˵ֶôʹЦе˵
ױʹ亹ֱĶԳĿ־ˣΪóûзȫһȭһͿأܻô
磬ҴˣҲҺˡױǿһЦݣ̬ȫת
һ¿˶ˣǸûױ򱻳򵽣ôͻȻ֮ˣҲ̫Խˡ
һĿ˵ױ򣬾ȻһƽƽС䣬޷š
̸һɵΪܿŰһĻ벻ױϴĽ
ҲǲԼ۾ʲôױͻȻ䣬̬һٰʮȴתģ
֪ͺãڿԸֵܺŮѵǸ˰ɣɹ΢Ц
ֻЦ⣬ȴױͷСƵ˵û⡢û⣬ʲôҾʲô
ױ˵תɺٻĹǸǰͻƶˣ˿˳ӵþһֻСè䡣
ư˿ͷ챻ԼҧˣԭаȻֶãµĴֱַˣ
Ůۣˣô׷Ź
ȴȫƵģûȥЩݰɵŮ
Ǹ֮ױת̸磬䲻⣬һӰ̸ȳͷ
˺ڵ̸ȣֱС׼ˡ
۵ĶԼλҲˣˮߣ޿ɾҩױݺݵһ١
̸磬ôѿױѻȫ̸ϡ
֮ױתЦ磬µ⼸۲ʶ̩ɽô
̬ȣ˵ͷ⼸࣬ҿȥɨˡ
û⡣ױƱ˵
̸ˣŤ˿
ƽʱóˣھȻҪȥɨ֣Ҫǵ
ǼŸʲôھ͸ҹȥɨ֣һʱǣˣʲôУױȵƾԡ
̸缸ûһ֪Ļױһᵽʲô̺Ϳֲ
ϾǵĴУױЩŵĳͷֶΣ̸Ǽˡ
һ뿪˾ư֮ױŰڳЦʵ֪մģ
кɺٻҲһ˵ҽгһѧɲֵϻġ
ױЦΪǲ͸¶ԼݣҲʡ
ôֲ֣ױŲһѧѡ
ԭǳ´磬ǾױƨƤһµģܽύ´СҵҰ
˵ͳһ̽Ƭ˫ס͵ǰ
ӹһӡױ֣һ֪ʲôʲӵĹ˾̲סЦԭĴУҲҪһʵ𣿡
׬Ǯϵᣬ˭û»ԸϴѾֵǴױЦŽ͵
йˣղױǸ׺ݵӣֱ޲õͻɸͻȻ˵͵ˡ
Ҳ˽Ӵ̫࣬վ˵ȻѾǾˣɡ
ɺٻҲ֮վ˾Ҫưȥ
ױȻ뵽ʲôǰ˵´磬ܲٽһʱ䣬һ˵
ʲô£ʵ
ױ΢Ц´ӣҸ˵ɡ
ɵĿһۣصģ֪«ʲôҩ
ɡٻһҰɡױڸʲô
Сĵ㰡ɶױЩηġ
˵ͷױ򵱼þưɵϰ˸İᣬȻѳ˽ȥ
˵ɣ㵽ʲôھʡ
ױС䣬˵´磬ʵҵϴɸ磬һλǳĳַǳӰȥ٣Ƕû취´ܹ֣Կ
ǲǧôһҶԸˣ䲻ȵʵ
ױЦֵǱûãǸǴӶѧɰɱģ似ɸ߳Ҳû취ʱʱ̿ţɸֻܴڱǻж
ȻҪϴ󱨳𣬳Ҫģò͵ˣϴҲȻܱһǹƥŵ㲻ˡ
ױ̾һ˵˿ɲɵɸ粻ţǵĳӣǺöֵܣ˶ĵģȥ캣еˡ




15¡
 

ôһ˵ǺױĻѧ˶孰ɱ˵Ȥôǿļһȷȥܴ
ױ򱻳һʣʱסˡ
ֻ֪ǿʲôزͲ֪ˡ
ȻԼһȭܣɸ˵Ŀ£ױҲǼʶġ
ʱһһĦ˴һӾشʮֵܣԼȥȴԷӰûţͱڵˡ
ױԳǷܹԸˣҲûס
ڨڨЦг´С϶ʮþȵģϴ׼֣ǸļһͶʱ˵´óֻ֣Ҫѹѹˡ
˵ô࣬ΪʲôҪӦأһЦϾһǸѧûȥʲôϵĳɱ
ױĶˣˮƽĸѧôǿİûеرš
´磬ԸֵĻϴԻؽлǧֵҲжµġױ˵꣬۰Ͱ͵Ŀųڴ֮顣

һ£ʲôж֮ɲҪϴؽлͦȤ
аɣҾȥʶһϴĳңжڴӦˡ
ױ¶ϲ飬æ˵Ҿϴл´ˣ
ʲôʱȥʵ
ž֮ڣʱһǰ֪ͨȻġױ򹧽Ĵ
˵ͷױһ绰롣
Ӱɺٻʲô¶ûУϲɫӭ˹
Ǹױ˵Щʲôɺʵ
ЦЦ߱˵ɡ
˴ҹؾưɳ캣ѧȥ
ǽױֻύû˵Ҫȥ顣
ϾԻɺٻ˵̫ˣ˵Ͳ塣
ˣ㻹ûиңΪʲôͻȻôأɱ˺þãڿʳһֱ֪ˡ
ٻҲһĿųڴĻش
һЦ˵˵ͻȻͨ澭ָ֣Ųţ
ſڣ˵ţǿױ̸Ǳú޻֮־óĻܿġ
ֻǳĳٶ̫ˣɸûп壬žʮֹ죬ϵָ֡
ˣ̫ˡŻԻı飬ɴ˻⣺ˣٻԺȥҹؾưְˣ쿪ʼһȥϼϰɡ
ѾˣɺٻһϼгʵϰְλڿгˣС»ǿɰ쵽ġ
㿪Цİɣϼţǿ캣һĴҵôô׽ȥ̾
ִ˾ôýҲھưְˡ
룬ЦİɣǲʵϰԣԿԽ
ô϶ɻȫŵģ
ٻҲǵ˵ǰҲȥϼԹʵ̫ˣҾֶ࣬ҵʱܿͱ̭ˡ
˻ɵļһ£Цǻǲֵܰʲôʱƭˣ
ǵҲǡѡųһЦͻȻӴʹԭǳϵˡ
ٻһۣǸȻ˵ң㱻ˡ
ûʲôֻҪû¾ͺãҺܿģҡҡͷ¶οЦݡ
˺ĶԿһԵĳΣƤˡ
Ȼ˶ڹǱι⧲
ܹٳԼֵܺͰĺ£Ǹеܿĵġ
ȿȡɣȻȥˡ˵꣬ǰȥ
ֻ»ɺٻߺĴŮ
ڶ죬ʹŻɺٻϼŴá
˴²ֱܿİ칫ңڵžҴͬѧгʵϰһ¡
ܿһǳæվЦݵ˵ȻǳеˣҾͲøˣֱȥűС
ڳǰĺˣܿǰͲ˳ˮأﻹκӡ
ЦЦ˵˾̻Ҫߵģž²ôҪʹ
ܿĻеϾȻ˵Ȼ˵ˣǾλͬѧһ°ɡ
Ǿ⡣֣ûɺٻ˽
վţһŵģó͵ЦˣôԸսƵġ
ܿӹɺٻļ˿Ȼе˵λͬѧ˲ţϼŻӭǵļ롣
ɺٻΪǰ²׳һ⣬û뵽һ¼ͨˣ
˵ʱȫġ
šž𣿡ɽͰ͵ʵ
ܿһЦų۹⣬϶ûġ

ɺٻĳȥѵž˵
ˣ²ˣҪȥгأǿȥɡЦŻɺٻȥ
һ¡ܿںסһп˵жʮתõġ
Ľӹ㶵˵֧ܿʮ֮һƷѸû뵽ôͰˣܿл߳İ칫ҡ
˴˵ݣгһӺܶ˶ǿ
¾磡
¾磡
²Աǣ׷ǵβžк
һʺ򣬰ѻɺٻöĿɿڴˡ
Ϊ칫ҵˣųк
ԭ²
ɺٻŻȻ򣬹ֲĵ˵ǾԿԽϼŹ
̲סЦĲ˼Ҿһϲ
˵ҺٻĵġԹȴϲ֮顣
ٻҲһϲɫ֮ǰζ벻ܹϼŹھȻɵľͨ˿ˣӦ˵ȫûпˡ
ȻǸ벻ǣȻϼŵ²ֱ黹ٱ
ͬѧ𣿡״߹ʵ
ţԺǾ²ԱˣΪǰҪúչǡĶ԰״˵
У´ڣĻõչ˰״Сһ䣬չЦտɺٻ˵Ǻãҽа״Ժ
״ǿɰһ¾ûɺٻøУҲ򵥵İԼһ
ͬˣ˺ܿˡ
ʱ߽һˡ
תͷȥ־ȻŮܲᰣ
Ϻã˶ʺ
᰾ֱҶڰţܶԳҲ̫˰ɣȻǽ顣




16¡װ
 

ۿһλǵĴŮûᰵĻɺٻݺݵľ޵ˣ
ǴûôƯŮϵЩŮǣԶԶǰᰡ
ôᣬȻϼŵܲã׵˻ɺٻ
Ұ칫һˡ᰿ڣĿǡ
׼˵Լ˵ĳ״Ҳֻ÷ˣΪڵ飬ǳá
˵λɽŮкù
ųһĸ߳гٻĵʰ״һֱô𣿡
״ĵ˵ͷ
֪ܽгȥʲô𣿡ɺǺ棬ɳͻȻгһй
ذ״ȴҡҡͷҾͲ֪ˡ

ܲð칫ҡ
᰸һھ͵Ҫҳȥһˡ
ȥʲô£ʵ
üһ˵µҩ˾һҩƷ⣬ǼŵϯҽʦˣԴȥ׳ʲô⡣
Ŷһϯҽĵڶ죬д鷳Ҫˡ
ҩƷǷͬСɵ飬ҪǴãԻӰ쵽ϼŵ
ᰲŻһӡ
͹ȥɡҲǻˣɴĴӦ
˺ܿ¥ǧ򼶱İɫ
᰿һװĳ˵ҲϼͷˣҪעԼȴȥװɡ
ܣô鷳˰ɡ˷ۣҾô·ͦõİ
ˣŲʽɵӣһ㾫ûСһѵĿǡ
ֻǿųǾȵĿ⣬ȴеǿʶˣȻɲϡ
εЦܣǰű˦ˣ񲻺ҲģչӣҲû˵ôɣ
˵ţ˹ȥ㿴һ㾫û𣿡
ͻȻԼûɵһ˿ңæ˳һѡ
Ҫҵĺ֢㲻Ӧ͸ҿôŲĻ㣿᰽е
ЦеĿһԲ߬˷ȭ
˳룬᰺޺޵˵ţһҵĲˣˣ
һЦᰵĲһܲκã˵㡣
ߣ˦ͷȥһ˳ӡ
᰿ķҵֶȥ̲סʵܣҪװ
Ȼְ˵̿ǣղ˵˦ˣǸӦԼ󣬶Ҳôȥˡ
ô˵ڼƵģˣô˵ô˵ˣҲν
֮󣬳ӵִһǳ̳̳ҲϼŵͶʣ˽úܴͣԺС
˳̳¥ķװǶȥ
һ·ϣ̳ƵƵעĿ
Ϊʵ̫ҫˣǹɫò߹ʣﶼǺȺĴڣһ¾˵ע⡣
һĳֶ׷üͷ̾ðײ˶ˣʿǸǼʵð
һҹƷƵװ꣬᰸߽һŮԱ߹ʵС㣬Ҫװ𣿡
㿴Ĵһ䡣
ʸ߹ᰣһ˻ĳվһŮԱоһŪŪΥ͸С
ҪװĿ϶еģȫǮӣȻֹƷƵ꣬ŮԱļλͬ¶̲ס̣һŮǰġ
ܵԱǱĵ񣬳ȴǻ벻⣬˵ȻҪģѡһװɡ
װȫûоû˵ʲôƷƣǸҳƷζ۹ⶼһһģѡٺòˡ
ᰰ˳һۣѡһԼҪװôûˣ
ǹԹԵİѡģŮԱΪǳŮˣﲻֹλŮôּһģ
ҿӣᰵŮԱоԼ۶ˡ
һ᰾ѡһ͵ĺɫװƵôʺϳˡ
װɡŮԴ
װ¼ʱ򣬵ŮԱ޵ˡ
û뵽װÿô࣬ѡװֱΪģʮֺ塣
ҲǰһŴװĳͦΣһǷʣֹˮ΢΢һ
ĵ˵ͷʵװǮˡ
С۹⣬װǵõһ۸ŶŮԱıһ۸
ô󣿡
ŮԱסԳıӣĽ͵ҵǹƷƣ۸һֱġ
ˡƷơĸֵ³Ƶġ
ȴֺ޸оͳһźڽ˵ҽ˰ɡ
źڽ𿨣ŮԱ۾ֱˣֿ캣иﳡѣÿ¶һֻ˲ŻС
ÿŮ˶ӵһĺڽ𿨣ԷŮԱҲ⡣
᰾Ȼúڽ𿨸ˣŮԱǶʱ񶼲һˡ
ѵһĳЩǿһɫŮĸԸĵ
߳װ֮󣬳εЦܣȻһôصװҲҪһС
һװѣʲô󲻹ģˡᰲں˵
ˣȴһɫҲƽ޹ʽܱ˵˵ԭ㲻Ҫܾ
һôͻȻ֮ô࣡Ƴ˳һۣ˵ˣҲܱ˵
ɴ಻ˣĿɨһȦͻȻᰵ֣Աһ鱦ȥ
᰻عʱѾ鱦ݺݵ˳һۡ
ֱһˣһ֣
Щ̳·˿һĻ϶Ϊ¹ϵˡ
ҧϼŵܲð۸ɺͳ
ı鿴鱦ԱΪֱŤء
ѡһϲ鱦ɡᰵŭ𣬴ʽ鱦Ĳǰ
ᰶƵĸȥĿ鱦Ҳ˵һ仰վţ鱦ĵԱǶ͵Ц
еԱͬʱ̾ȻԽƯŮԽú尡
ǻǺĽȻܹݵôƯŮ˵ٻʮ궼ֵˣ
˿ЦЦһŮԱ˵Ƽһΰɡ
ŮԱĽǽһʱеˮʮֺÿ
ʵô
ڣ




17¡ŷƷ
 

ŮԱֽһɫûȳѯʣͿ˵
Ȼ֪ŮԱǱЦݣһƼ鱦Ρ
һıˣɻǧٹ֣̫˶˵ˡ
ܵŮԱеˣŮզôź򣬻̫ˣҲʲôͷ˵ء
ŮԱҲųƼεģ鱦ûóء
Щȷʵ˵㣬ûиõģõģݻͶˡ
ô˵ŮԱҲˣĲȡһµĺӣڵǾǵ֮ɡ
СĴ򿪺ӣһʯ
ƾɣ߽ģһſҫ۵ʯǶһγһг壬ŶˣһƷ
һֱΪ᰿ʯ۾һ˿ʡ
׽ĳǸһĨаЦ⣬֪ᰶĶˣ
ˡİ
ŮԱһ£ǿʵʯ۸ʮԪȷҪ𣿡
֪ŮԱʲô˼ֱӴӿ㶵óŶʮпŮԱˡ
ŮԱųҪˣϾװҲװ˵ĵز
˿еĵԱǣĺݺһѣϹˣȻôǮ
ŮԱǶĽҪ˱ˣԼôû󷽵ء
ŮԱ׼ˢʱһһŮ˽
磬ƯҺòãŮһ꣬̾ͱʯסˣ˷ܵĽ
ôôϤ
תĹ˿;ȻŷƷ壬ǲԩҲͷˡ
ŷƷҲܿ췢˳һλ˫ĴŮ
ŷƷʱ۾ֱˣһOLװᰣҲʮֻ𱬣ֱ޷԰Σ
Ķʻ֮ȼƣôּܽƷŮ
ϴУطѩһֵУļƷOL޸Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ٿ§첲ŪɧŷƷֱѪˣߵŮȫһεġ
Ҳβסľ㵣ԭΪ˦֮󣬺ҵŮˣû뵽ߵŮһһȫɵˮƽɲںݺݴô
ʱĳٿʱѾȫĮȻ׼ʣͺ뿪鱦ꡣ
㲻طѩŮôִűŮ鱦Ī̤ŷƷ˹˵
ڿᰵĵһۣ;ŮŪˡ
˹˵ѾŮѵ飬Ůһ߶뿪ʱŷٵĻˡ
Ҿǽ̤ʮֹŷƷʲô£˵
ǺǡŷƷЦһֿᰣһԴǵ˵λŮСʶģѾŮˣϣܲ۾Ҫƭˡ
᰿ÿŷƷһۣ˵ӦˣʱŷƷŪʮΡ
磬Ҫˣǰʯɡ岻ͣĥŷƷı۰˵
Ųϵʯ۷⣬޲ùԼϡ
ŷƷȴһ˦ĵЦŮҺǺ죬ϣ㲻Ҫᡣ
磬ʲô˼ŵĿŷƷ
ʲô˼Լ˼֮һƯҲôʯŷƷһ֮ɫͲʧ߰ɣԺҪˡ
˼ȫƲϵˡ
һ£漴¶־ı飬æŷƷĸ첲Բ֪ˣҲҪˣ˦Һòã
̶̵һʱڣѾֽʳǮŷƷ˦ˣ޷ȥˡ
ӣҡҡͷŮô쳢˶Ҳˡ
ŷƷٴ˦֣תЦĶ˵ŮǲǿɣŷƷ㽻ѣʯҵļ񡣡
Ȼʯļ۸ߴʮ飬ŷƷЩʹܹݵôһλŮĻǺֵġ
߰ɡܲŷƷаĿˣǽҪ죬᰾ԻһһЩͷ
ŮȵȣǲǲңŷƷתͷŮԱ˵ˣװ
λܱǸѾˣѾ˿ŮԱ˵ţп˳
ŷƷʱòŵͶʲôСӾȻʮԪʯʲôʱôǮˣ
Ҳˣжֲǲ֪ôͻȻ֮ͱôˣҪ֪ʮԪ鱦ζҿܳɰǧ򰡣
һ̣һ˿ڵͷû˦˳ǽܹóʯˣԼˡ
˿ңŷƷƬ̺󣬴һ仰ɲܳûǮˣڱصá
ŮԱʱ¶Ϊѵı飺鱦겻ҪΪǡ
ҪǸҰȥ鱦ջˣǼֱ鱦ơ
Ҿͳʮ˰ɣŷƷǮȡһп¶ıԿס
ŷƷ壬Ѿ£ͱˣЦ˵
㻹Ϊ򲻵𣿿չʾһҵʵǲˡŷƷֺ˵ģʮſ񣬡Աȥǵ곤˵ŷƷ
ŮԱŷƷͷӣһ̶ҵתȥ곤ˡ
֪֪ǼҳƷƵ鱦ٷ֮ʮɷݣŷƷĿųҫ˵Ҹ䶨ˣ
˵꣬ᰣϵı΢仯ԵˣȻٸ߰ŮϲǮƵ
ܿ죬鱦곤ʹӺϢҳˣѾŮԱŷƷ壬Цݹ˵ԭŷٹٱ꣬ʯǰɣͰ˿
ŷƷĵ˵ͷӵĿ˳һۣСҸҶ
λŷǵĹͣȹȨǲˡ곤Ϊ˰ͽŷƷ壬ɴ˵Ϲʵûֹ涨
ǵģһ±Цˡ
곤ƤЦⲻЦ˵ǵ껹鱦ٿ
˵Ҳܳͬͬ⣬ʾŮԱ˿̡
ܺãúܲһȥҰ˵һ£ǵӴͶʡŷƷĵ곤ļ򣬺ߵʱϲ




18¡һ߷
 

ţû˵ᰣͻȻˣǲ˳Ŀ
곤һĿǣЩõ˵λС㣬˲˿ܾġ
д̳ϼŵģΪʲôܾʵ
곤Եʱɫ䣬ϼţѵǰλOLŮǴ˵еϼܲᰣ
ԽԽпܣʵܣ
һﲻĬˡ
˳֮⣬ڳ˾һ𾪣
ԭλŮȻϼŵܲãǰֻϿ֣ȴûˣһǼʤ
ϼ캣пͷҵΪܲøȨ죬һСС鱦꣬ʲô
鱦곤Ŀʼ޾ĺڣȻΪһֻбٷ֮ʮɷݵŷƷ壬ȥŷƷǿһٱϼܲã
ʱ޲Լ⡣
򡭡ܣ飬ȻûϳǶԲ𣡡곤սս˵
һӽ㲻﹤ˡ
ֺ涨Դ˿͵ĵ곤ᰲӪȥ
ӵ̳һϵĹɷݣһ鱦곤Ҳʲô¡
鱦곤ʱɫǱŷƷӲˡ
ŷƷʱҲһ߳ܣ֮ǰǰҫԼôǮƣû뵽˼ҵǮƣȫλ걬Լ
ǣȻŸֱ֦ͱطѩһ𣬸ʵ÷
ҲǳմĿųѾ׵׵ıˣŮˣһȲϣ
ƽʯҪ鱦꣬ŷƷ岻ĵܵǰʵܣôῴ˿ġ
ŷƷ廰δ˵꣬ͻȻ˳ȥ
᰻ջĴȣ˺⡣
ԺӴҲУŷƷͻȻյôֱԼ
᰺ԥĸһǱȡ
ҲʶᰵˣȻܰ߷ɺüףȡȰ
ڵ˻Ŀɿڴʱ򣬳߳鱦ꡣ
صϣЦеȡʯ˵Ȼ㶼˿ˣǾǽҵĻˣ
˼Ƭ̣ûпڴӦСûнܹκһ˵
ԺŮо˵ܳһʮ顣
Ҳʯǳϲ˲ԥľء
Ļڳɵ˵һʧĶָʯ
᰻عʱѾ֮ˡ
Եʯ᰾ϣеˣʸţŮ·
ʮǮȻǲһĺÿģ޵
ɱ㣡죬ȭؿڴ˹
Ӵôأ˵ţȴǲ㲻ܣ᰷ȭ䡣
Ȼģ徭Ӳȭͷؿڣ
·˿һĻΪСЦء
˼֮󣬳װʹĽеӴʹٲͣҪ㴷ˣ
ᰰһʢŭ֮£ȷʵûûصģѵåˣѸջ֡
ȥʱʲô¶ûУԭղװʹƭ˵ģᰵʱһ_Ŀ㻹Ϊ㣡
ܣҴˣ˭β¶һĨааЦ˵
ߵåΪ´ΣⲡҲҪÿ
úúãû´Ρܰ˵
ǰʯúЦ˵ʲôӲܱ˵廹Ǻܳʵ
µĻһŲȾţ˫ʹ̣˲һβͣλ·ϼ۶ȥ
һָ߳ĳóҲ̲ס̾û뵽Ů˲Ҳǳˡ
״̬ᰣֱҳܳٶȸզࡣ
Ŀ·ߵĳٵˣ⳵ѾΥıԵ̽ˡ
ʮ֮󣬳ӵҩ˾Ĵſڡ
˳ûкͳ˵ҲֻĬĬĸ߽
˵ֱܾ칫ңûţ᰾һǷǵ
ҿѵڰ£
ʵϣȷʵ¶ˣҩ˾ܾ칫ңȻֻƵ飬ȥǱըԵĴţ
ᰵüҲš۾ĺ⣬Ѿ۵ñȵˡ
ȥ껸ҽг纮˪
ɲȥֳ
εʼ߽ܾ칫ҡ
ֻһһŮڰ칫תϣ§һ
氡ɵ÷һ̾
ʲôˣӾŭӵʵһ˲ˡ
ŮҲǻŻŵĴ
껰ɣ㡣ǹζ΢Ц
ƨ˭֮ǰûͨģվһŭ˭ôģ
ڹ˾ûмˣ϶Ⱥﱣ˷Žˡ
Ц˵ѵ㣬ҲҪͨ𣿡
˵ᰣһ˿ңЦңҲܴһеĹ㵱ɵô
Ų㣬ܾšƽص
껲ȻŭΪһ㣿̸ҹȥ
һ뱻ϣ಻ˬˣ֪Ϊ᲻º֢
ų˿ҲƲסŭˣȻһйߡ
ȭͷվٵգͱһֻǯƶסˡ
껴СԹֿһʹг
ЦЦĿܾߣҪ˵ûиᡣ
㡭ȷſңû뵽ôˣﻹҺӲӲ
ſ֣껷ߺ޵ĵһۣȻװ߳ȥ
һ߳⣬ֻһüĿ续ȵOLװŮͤͤվ᰻˭
ʱ껳һ껣㾹Ȼڰ칫飬ҿҩ˾ܾλӣǲˣ
ȡãǧᰡֻǶһѡƤЦ˵
ᰴ꣬ᰶĶӣõĹϵ




19¡
 

껣Ǽ¼ĹϵעĳƺϵĺˣУʲôΪҲ֪ȥһٿ»ᣬְܾλ
úúãǾ²ΪаɣܡɲΪ˵ţûᰵĻ档
ϰҲǶҾصֻҪǱ껻治ܶô
ʵԴүӰϼܲõĴλ֮ǸͶǺġ
ԭΪܲôλʮþȵģΪԴûʲôȤõʵֲʵû뵽үӻѼŽᰡ
껣Ǿ͸ˣܲòҲӦֵϾ곤ˣôҲòᰡ
ǸԴᰵܲú󣬾һֱΥҲŪʮͷۡ
ⲻָŪһ鷳
껣ǵҩô⣬㻹ŮˣҽصظϹ¨ӻᱻԽͱԽ㵽ûʶԣ᰺ʵ
ʱҲ˳վԱߡ
껿ķʵܣﴦҩ⣬ҲôѿɣҪǴһЩʵϢڣ
һ˵һ߰Բ²ųݡ
Ϊᰵ֣ҲǺ᰻˵ĹֲģôͻȻ֮ߣѵԸǸģ
껵һ˿䣬ʹжԸᰵĴ㣬»Ϊ׼ȶˡ
ߣҲ֪жҪ컨ƵŮˣ˴ţĻ¶ˣ˵ˣҲˣǼŵϯҽʦҾǴҩƷģ
ϯҽʦȫǲź
Ϊı֮ģû뵽ȻǸҽȫû뵽
ôᣬҽʸ֤ûУôʲôϯҽʦ
껻һѩᰣǲӳˣôһӵϯҽʦǱƭˡ
¶ЦݵܣҲû浱һСƭϯҽʦȥ²ҪЦ
껣÷Ÿɾ㣡ˣɲʲôƭӡɫһĺԽԽŨˣûʸϯҽʦǵ¾֪ˣھʹȥҩƷ
Ҳԣ˾ҩƷһҽҩרҶ鲻ʲôԭСӸȥĻһӾԭα¶
ʱٺݺݵĴһСӵȻ˻ṥʶ˲˲ִ󣬽ʱŶ쵼ɣǸλĻˡ
뵽¶һĨյЦݣ᰺ͳ˾зš
ʱзŵʵʮҽҩרҶæýͷöȴʵ̨һ鳤ĺڸһĪչ
ֺڸҩ˾з²Ʒࡱʳ֮ǿǣ٣캣дԹǵ׷
Ȼ۸ҲʮְһСĴָĳҪԪ۸ˡ
ֱӽʵңרǿܲþȻԳһ±˸нְλ
ôûʲô𣿡᰿ھʡ
һࡢԼĪʮӭЦˣȫ飬źܿнġ
ٺ٣ȺǻʲôǼŵϯҽʦڣ֤ӭж⣡껼Ц
ĻƵվţһԲ
ߣװƣ¾㵱СĿ˳һۡ
ϯҽʦģȺᰵֻվһˣ֮ûбˡ
Уϯҽʦ϶һλ¸ءḻҽԲʲôëͷСӡ
껼˵λ
˳껵Ŀ⿴ȥȺʮҽѧרҶסˡ
ϼϯҽʦȻôһСӣʲôЦ
⡭ܣλгˣǼŵϯҽʦȺŵʵ
ŹҽѧԺʿѧϼŸ˶ʮ꣬ҩ˾зְλ
СӺεºܣȻԼǰͷһֱӵϼϯҽʦ
ȺʮҽѧרҲ
֮ǰŵʱͻϼϯҽʦͻȻ͸ôȺֱÿҪѪˡ
ɫƽĻشƸϯҽʦ˵һ£ൽ׳ʲô⣿
ȺӦһ䣬ȻƵĶų
Ǻ껸ϵˣҲ֪Ǻᰵìܣ˿ɲԳʲôɫ
һЦȺ˼ҿϯҽʦõѣ´ҽʦһ¾ܿˡ
Ⱥﲻ֪껻˼Ҳ¶һαЦݣԳ˵ԣʮҽѧʿʶһ£´ҽʦĻ֣ɡ
ɫݵߵʵ̨ǰȴûȥκ豸
껺ͶȺ״¶ĵɫСӣҽѧ豸ð
Ѿ׼ųôˡ
ᰴʱҲеΪģǶž޴ѹƸϯҽʦģһǧҪʧ
ʵ̨ϵһ鳤࣬ĬȻһŵǰһš
һ΢̱ǵζ˹
ȺһĻЦ˵´ҽʦӵļ鷽ѵıӻܱȵùרҵ
˵´ҽʦıӱȹأⳤɲʺ޼ɵĳһ
Ŀһֹۣͣ˼ֻһӡ
˼Ƭ֮󣬳ſڵⳤ¹סء޽Ρ˲ιʮһζҩںƳɵİɡ
һҩƣ˵Ŀⶼˣ
ǶȺЩˣȻһţ׼ȷıҪɷ֣Ҳ̫˼ˣ
ڳôҽҩרңȻҽеԣšһģǴûм
ź˪˿Ҳһ˿ϲԼûпˡ
Ҳһ𾪣ܿЦ˵ⳤѾƳһʱˣ´ҽʦ֮ǰѳɷֱú찡
˵꣬Ŀһۣ˼˵Сӿ䷽İɣ
ȺʱһѣȻ˵ԶԶԣɷڼڲֲʲôܣҲѾ֪ú쳣֢״ˣ´ҽʦͲձ˰ɡ
дųŪΪСҽѧˮƽ߳ԭװģ龪һ




20¡׷
 

ų࣬΢Ц˵ûúͷʹѪɼӿ졢ѪѹЩ״Ƕ֪Ϊʲôָãоô
ȺһͣʮʿˮƽҽҩŶӣΧѳӰӵоҹҲ쳣⻹ԼзĲƷ˵ȥʵڶˡ
оѵСӾо
Ⱥ˵о´ҽʦָһ£ⳤൽʲôɣ
ͲˣСʲô豸ûãֳܷŹ֡
ⳤںʮһ̲ҩȻ󲹣ȴ̲ԲŻ÷߲쳣
Ļȴ˶ȺҽҩרҵЦ
´ҽʦ۳ǰѾԳԣԳȫû쳣Բǲҩɷֵ⡣ȺĳЦܾҲԲԳԣڿɻġ
ӦûȺзҩЧǳãҳôһ쳣ûУҿǼ쳣ҿ϶Ǯˡ
ܾ˵еǼҹûֳ⣬ȷʵǼԼëȺֺõ˵
ʵҲȥˣֳֺõ飬ֱ˷з²Ʒ׬Ǯʱ䡣
Уüһ˵Ȼкü˳쳣Ǿ˵ҩ첻أܽĻҪֹͣǼŵԻһǧɡ
ԣɴ̯״ܣʲôϯҽʦ鲻ԭֲרŶӵжϣǻô죿ڳôãɲ˵ͣͣ
ɫڳ๩ӦЩǮƵңͻȻͣпǵĲҲǸС鷳
˭˵Ҽ鲻ģһֱĬĳͻȻڣȺʵҵԳߣǲǶܾģ
Ⱥڴ԰ԸܲƷԳԵĶˣԳԺס
δ˵꣬ȺͻȻɫһ䣺ȵȣ˵ϣ
ǼͶߵ˵Ǽĳ
ԭǾԳԵİЦЦĿŶȺ
ȺʱǺΪ˾ƳԼзƷ׬ǮҩƷʼûƣƳˡ
ȻҲİ壬ϾִƷǷǳĶ
˵󼫴̾öȺӼ̶ۣʱȷʵ׬һʣֻû뵽ôͳˡ
зĳ࣬ٽ˵ĲƷЩˡһ̫ˣܹڳϣȺǿ
һ֣һ鳤ߵȺǰ˵Ȼٽ˵ĲƷҿҲʮңһ鿴Ӧûɣ
⡭Ⱥԥһ£ûдӦ
ȻⳤзĲƷ뵽ЩңǲóȻʳá
ߣȺ֮ǰûҩ죬ѾǷ˴ԳԶңж𣿡ᰱͬһ
Ⱥһɫˣ֪ԼҪǸҲԵĻܾԻ᳴Լ
ҧҧȺùеĳ࣬һȥ
˶ĿעϣֻȺóƺʲô仯ûС
ҪһͻȻ֮䣬ȺƺһѪӱ˳һΣҡҡ׹ԱһҽҩרҸϷס
ӣ˶֪ⳤ϶ˣ
껵۽˼Ŀ¶𾪣˵
ԭΪֻװҽѧʦĽƭӣԻ˲ƭһϯҽʦְλ
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깤ʼշֺ죬ǿǺüҰûôǮǻƵصҪˮһ롣
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ڿɫһ죬
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22¡
 

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ֻǸɶԸˡ
룬̸ͳֻͨһ绰ι׸磬ҿүܼܽάɴƵ꣬Ҳ棬һǲǺйء
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24¡ʲô
 

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طѩûгĺҪǴ棬һȺˡ
òҺܾ˰ɣһ˿Ǹ⣬²ٿˣ߻ȥϴ
ʱ¥һ߸׳׳߽ĳó
طѩˣѳһϸ죬ü΢ĵγ𣿡
˿¥ڿ³˵Ϊγʲôϵ
طѩѵ㲻ҵ𣿡γЦ
طѩͳԷʱв˳һ١
طѩԸ񣬺γ²пܰ飬»
γѾˣֻҪطѩ飬ҪطѩŮѣܷŹ
лõطѩȻǿŤĹϲ𣬵ܱʲôòá
γ飬ұ˵ġطѩһ仰˲Ѻγ̴顣
ҧҧ˵ǲǸгƣ
Գص㣬Ժ󲻻ٺ˵һ仰طѩĵ
㣡γʵðСӺεºܣȻطѩôػ
γ׷طѩһ꣬ûֱִըˡ
ʱô¥ˣγ״طѩĳǰ
ʲôʵ
γŭĵʲôľˣԺ׼ӽطѩڻ
ǺǣΪ˭ΪʲôҪģЦ
γһʱŭգ˫Ŀˣ˫ȭҪСһɫơ
γס֣طѩ״æ򿪳ܳڳǰ
طѩ֪Уγ캣ѧֵЭĻ᳤ڴĶεĸֻ֣һͨǾԴ򲻹γġ
ҺγûûأһӾܰѳˣطѩżæڳǰ
һĻ¥ըˣ
ⶼʲôʲôطѩ˺ֳ𣿶طѩĲǸߴ͵ĸγһֱͨͨͬҧˣ
ۿɰطѩȻһͨǱжĽʺˣ
ΪγҲ֮һǶ޲̸γˡ
γ˿Ҳðˣȫ벻طѩȻԸΪز
طѩÿ֮顣γʢ˵˵
ԼĿֵˮƽǳţʲô飬һʱ뵽ÿֵ
طѩü˵γԼǿֵ֣۸һûʲôˣ
һŮӵʲôˣγʳָָųȻ˵˵ģվҵ
طѩôͬ棬ܵһ˵սܵĻǸثˡ
Ȼϲ£Ҳѵһºγ競
Ĵطѩ˳һø𴲣ɡ
˵ʲô⸱ɢģһ¾ͰѺγǻŭըˣû˸ô
˿̣γŭֵ㣬˫ȭյ죬Ҫúõıһ٣طѩųĳ̬
Ƶᣬźγ
ŵʱ̣طѩͻȻһҧһֻ֣ȥ
һӣѺγô㵲ѡ
طѩȻȥ֣Ҫ˵ûһϵû˻ˣ
Ƭ¥ԻȻüǻüͨͨʲôܹУĻġ
ǾãԼһҲȳ
ֻгĺֵܻ滶ᰡطѩľɫŮԳмӣʵǵըˣֱż




25¡Ĺƶ
 

ۿųҪطѩϳγɫͻȻ͵һ߳
һߵγʮɵİգܰѳſϣˤס
ѾԤеγڱĹ·Ժ۾ƵģͷҲأһǵ׼ȷޱȵ˺γϥϡ
γ˲оԼֻ߳ŴһʹƺͷҪѿˣȻһɾ޴˻
źγһΣĹ
˶ôˣȫûпĶֻ֪γڱ͵ϮȻͿ
֪ˣΪڹͳطѩء
γ͵Ϯɣ˶ˣô˿Լصӣɫ˲ǵͨ졣
ҳһŻߵʱվֻĿͶ˳׼ȥ
γŭӣųϵĳֵľ͵ѧУĿֵҪĵ
Īһ߹һֵûʩչǼΪġ
ֻڵ϶ԳսôǺƣ˾úܻ
ƽʱ￴γˬˣô˻ᷢ˺Ц
ÿڵϵĺγһۣһѾ׵ˣĶս
طѩᣬܿ쿪¥Ⱥ
ʵ㲻ҵģԸһγһǴ´ġ΢Цطѩ˵
ԺڻζŸղűطѩǣŵĸо޹ǵ˻ζ
طѩһۣûĵǰӢۣΪγĿֵڴĶǼٵ㣬㶼ˡ
ղŲûпγ߹Ҳ֪жô
ǸղΪ˾֮оȻȥǣ֣һĿ֮£طѩߵɫڷ̡
һô󵨵ľٶƽһء
ðɣȻ㲻ңǺγԼȥֵ𣿵ǿүүҾȥ˵
ɲ뱻Ů˿⣬رطѩĴŮ
طѩε˵㻹ǱˣγĿֵĺҲȥ
ðɡ֪طѩʱΪ׼үүģҲȥΥˡ
ȥҺγźγҲģѾ׼
ʮ֮طѩѳ캣ҽԺͣڡ
˿ٵ߽ҽԺһ¥ĽʯвСʱҪʼˣطѩʱд˽ǡ
Ȼ캣ҽԺõҽԺӵһרŶӺҽ豸Ķŵš
طѩɷǳģϾүүɹʽֻɡ
Ҳܵطѩ飬ҽԺ¥ȥĽʯ¥֢
ϵ¥󣬳ͨѾΪ˵϶һصı顣
Щ˵У󲿷طѩݣطѩһʮĹ󸾿Ůæкѩôڲŵ
طѩ첽˹ȥĺ档
Ůһϸһ۾Ϳ϶Ǯ˼ҵĺӣüͷŮôһ
裬үүôˣطѩеʵ
̾˿үүһֱԲѣֻܵŶˡԱλǣ
гҵĴѧͬѧ̽үүġطѩܵ
˸к̺á
ãСˡòԵ΢Цѩүү׼ˣˡ
΢Цʾܹ⡣
ʱһϵǰõĶطѩ˵Ůֳϣôһ˹ҪסؼҲͨ壬ԺҪһͬѧ
˵طѩĸذҲȨ֮ҵĹӡ
ؼҾӪŶʯ桢ȱ⣬ύҲǴԹذŮһͨͬѧǳ
Ȼ˸һѵطѩίƲС졣
Ϲһۣ§ŮļοѩҲΪãԺעˡ
ģҲվϹһߵģϾʵ̫ͨˣ˳ûš̸ȫͨ˼ҵĺӡ
ذ򸾵̬ȣԵúںĵ֢Ľʯ
ֱӿ͸ۣĿ⴩֢ҵǽڣĲһ״̬ˣѾѪɫȫޣһһɺӡ
֮⣬֢ﻹһҽͼʿҽŵĶĵͼүʱʧȥ
͸Ľʯ忴ȥ͸ļĽʯϾȻһŨĺţϷȥʮֺˡ
ĹƣȻĹơʱһݡ
˵ص置йʦָĹƳ棬ЩƳڣԲִҽѧǳȽƹƶҲʮּ֡
Ĺ置ʮƶ֮һޱȣרپ׳ĺӣסĹƵĴݲС
ĽʯĲ鲻ˣĹڷ󣬻ಿλͷһ˶ĿƳ档
ִֹѧⲻʲôԾҽۺ캣ҽԺҲް취
ֻаҽɽˡ
ʱҽԺҽϼ쵼㼯һɫأշ
Ϊ׵һ˰׷ԲԣҽԺʸϡḻҽѧרҽϡ
࣬ϵĲϸڣҽ´һ΢Сϸڣᵼ޷صʧ
˵ϻĽʯǳΪ˶ҽѧǳҽ֣캣кպǺܿʶύΪֻ֪Ľʯҽýź
زϴµҽѧŶôãֻɵɹʣǳأֻܾˡ
ʮ֮󣬽ȷû©κϸڣҽ֢ҵ⡣
ڲôˣϻûȥȶſһҽʵ
ҽվſڸĽʯ仯ģϣϽү˥ֹܲۡ
ԣüͷҪšһˡ
ĽʯļҲҽı棬ɫǾޱȣȹϵϣмŮӶ޳ˣطѩҲ顣
ذǰĵϣ̸ҰֶɣĻܾľȲˡ
ǰҪǰүӾȻؼҸҽԺ򶼲⡣Ҳ˵
̾˿ڲǮǮ⣬Ľʯֲֹʵ˻췦ֻܵͷҾɡ
˵ţҪżҽȥ֢ҡ
ȵȣϣܲЭ㶯ڣס˽ϡ




26¡˳ɰ
 

ϻعǰûİףɻʵСӣҽԺ𣿡
ҽгҽԺģԶҽϣܰﵽæĴ
ϵʱüͷصĴѧһҽƤëҵʿæ
ңȥôᣬҽԺĻʵϰأôҲҽտḻҽѧ֣ϼеĴˡ
ҰҽϿ뿪Ҫǵ˽ϸ˶ҽԺһ׷ΣһҽԺμ˳ųŭ
ȥٷɿĶԽ˵ڲ˵ಿλѪʧڵĹƶڲϲʳѾͷһ޷ֻҵĶơ
˵ʮ棬ʲôƶʲôִҽѧû漰Ķȫŵġ
ҳ˵һ޷ǿǽɷѿоõݵһëͷСɣЩõ˵СӣǵǾרۼ켸ҹģԱ˵ʲô׵ö࣬˻ǲҪҴţ
˵߽֢꣬ҡ
μ˵˵ýϵһʱ䣬ʱϳ壬Ȼ㻹վʲôҹȥӰơ
ؼҲ׷׶ԳͶ˲Ŀ⣬ذųŭŮôʶִԲѵˣȻڽǰðҽѧרңҽѧרҵĶǣ߰ɣԺͷѩ
ҲԳеǳʧСӻͦòģû뵽˵ô׵Ļ
֣ҵĺѣ㲻ܸߡطѩᣬǿ˵
ȻܲղŵľٶĳԱϾǺõģôϳҽԺδ̫ˡ
ߣŮˣ첲ˡذطѩųĶԳиˡ
Ҳҡҡͷţȥ֮һҪŮú̸ģȰԶ
Ȼô˶ϣԼɲ뿪ҪˣĽʯûˡ
룬üᶨ˵ֻҪҽȥұ֤ԾȻүӵ
ƨ֤ܺүӵıȣҽԺμֱ챻ˡ
ʱˣôСӻںҴţⲻǸͽ
ذɫҲ׳Գ˵ҪǿŮķϣ̾ͽ˰ȥ
ҡҡͷ˵ˣ͸ۿ֢Ѱ˼һȥΪүơ
Ͻȥ֮еķԸָ׼ߣҪĽʯಿλռ󣬱ʮֵרע
һƿĽʯ·ҪʱͻȻһ˺ѷεĺĽʯĿдŵֵ붼˵ϡ
ţֵľζŲ˵ĸָѾʮֵ£ʱΣա
ĽʯĽ֢ңŮﱲǶһϵľǸˡ
һֱ͸ۣܹүӵĿϵɫѪҺ
һĻüͷ壬֪Ľʯ³ͷѪ
ﾡͷүǾ³ѪģΪѪ͵ͬ˵
ߣҲʼ֪ڶѾûʲôˣʱĽʯҲǻ췦
֮࣬ϷĽʯ촽΢΢ſƺ˵Щʲô
æʵĽʯϸ磬㻹ʲô˵ģϵһ㴫ļˡ
ɡĹơȻ޺Ľʯ֮ǰȻЦó鲻һĹŹ֡
Ȼ΢϶ϻǰĽʯĻ͵Ļһ
ĹƣĽʯ˵Ĺƣ
ⲻǸղǸгСӣ˵Ĺƶ
ѵǸСа취ȻĽʯ
ϵɫһ˼䣬Ȼ˵ĽʯĲνĹƶǲûбȻĽʯҪһˡ
ĽʯѾҽҲùĿ
½ϲԥæһֽеȥǸгС
˵֣أָϽͷӦȻܳȥˡ
棬һڼļ٣˳ŵĶ֣׷뵽ѵôͽˣ
һִҪʮСʱڻûȥӣǵү׶༪ˡ
ذԼ꣬ʵôˣ
ҲŽĳеǽȥ
ʲô
˾ԻȻôͻȻóȥ֢ңѵȥæ
ô룬ⶼǲܵ飬ϾղŽϻܾ˳Ҫء
ͻķת˶ˡ
ʹȥˣպֳҲӲˣǶ˵˴㵵Ŀ¸ֽ֢ҡ
һʹǸ˵Сֵܣղͻˣûѧҽģղ˵ĽʯϸеĹƶĶ𣿡
ûҪһ롣˵
Ϊҽѧ̩ɽǳ˽⣬ԼҲʮ־ͨ
Ľʯȴȫ޷ƵģϾǿҪಿλôʩ룿
ȻĽʯƣֱҲǽŽɣȫ벻Ҫúַಿλʩ롣
ȡһԼص룬ִҽѧȽѾβ뱣ķǳãֱʹá
˹ȡһ˿ĵ˵ͷǳãܹܵסעʩչ֮
СֵܣмɰգԾȻĽʯϸ磿Ϊŵʵ
һ£˵ƵĻоųɰյģڽʣ˳ˡ
˳ɣ֣ɵõɴ۾СӲڴţưɣ
һҽѧרŶӣҲƶֻɳɹʵſھǰ˳ɣϲòǲԼˡ
֢ҽǣԳĻ֮Աǡ
һҽѧʿģһж飬ȴôᣬһҽȻ˵а˳ɰվȻĽʯǲһȺ
УĽʯҲȲˣڵԿô
ϣҪʼʩˣ鷳Ա߸һ¡ķԸ
ϵ˵ͷĽʯܻܲϣȫڳˣֻҪĽʯܾȻӻʲô
ҽ״ԳӲˬˣƽʱǶǸϴֵģСӾȻýϴ֣֪ĻΪĸҼҽء




27¡Ҿȵ
 

Ľʯǰȡһ룬Ȼ񣬽ڵע룬뿪ʼֱͨ졣
̫ϸˣûп۲ĻǸעⲻպϸڵģֻгߵĽϣ¶֮ɫ
ѵ˻Ȼܹ˲պ죬ϻô꣬ǵһμ顣
ĿתĿųȥĶ´һ˿ϸڡ
ͨ͸ۣ۲Ľʯಿλǲ㲻ϷĺͻȻϵѸ֮Ľʯǻ֮ڡ
΢ŵ˵鶼ųĶ
һ뷽䣬ĽʯϵǲȻһ£ƺʹһøˡ
ͫһ˫ֳ룬ޱȵĽʯಿλ
аҽɽ룬ַʩչ֮컯ǲˣҲܸܵеİ档
һ֣ȴһϳɳصĽ϶ŵɫ䣬ҽˣôʩ룬Ĳ
ųע£Ľʯ鴤ĶһϵĺٴеĿʼв̫ˡ
ǻһϸ΢ĻȣѸע߸֮ϣʱۿɼٶһţסһֻ״ĳӡ
νĹƳˣֻǿһۣ͸оһаУ置ʮƶȻ˵ġ
ڳµ֮ǰޱȵĹƳ棬ҲòĽʯಿλ룬˻һʼĽʯҴܡ
ߣΪҾץ𣿡Цһ߸۵һ棬ָһǸͱĽʯڣʼ׷ĹƳ档
ȻΥҽѧľٶַҪǲıɱĽʯˡ
Ͼ壬ǼΣյ飬ҳĻಿλ
ϲ֪䣬ͷѾһ亹
󣬸ýϾˣֻĽʯظϾȻһССڲͣƶȥʮֹ졣
ҽҲһţǿĶе˼үӵڣȻǱĳֲ
֮ǰøҽѧ飬ɶȫûм
СǲͣӴܵĹƳˣǸ׷ᡣ
ۼҪ׷ˣĹƳڲòĽʯ壬͵ĴĶ۴˳
ֻһֻɫƳ˵ߵУɿ򣬷ɵվҪ
ڳ˳˳֪ʲôֶŵþʧ룬³ǵڣ׷ȥ
ܣһ룬ŰеĹƳ漤ȥ
Ƴɵٿ죬Ҳ첻룬һ붴壬ǽϣڼ£Ҳˣò
⣬Ĺ𣿡Ͼδǽϵĳ˵
˲ϵĺˮʩչɽ룬ĵʵ̫ˣô̶̵һʱ䣬͸еʮƣ
һĽʯڣ޸үӱĹƳҧ˵ࡣ
ˣֻҪϷһЩѪҩͿԿˡԽ˵
ϲŵĿɻԵĽʯֻѪɫѾתϢҲȶѪ
ҽ˼ʾɵݣָ˵˵ѾΣա
ôܣ
еҽ·𿴵һĶų˽˼룬Ͱһֻ̤ڹŹϵĽʯȻˣ
ǸղŻųÿ˵Ϸģ·һơ
𾪹󣬽ϵ¶һƬ֮ɫҽֱǧѵһҽ
ĽʯĲִҽѧ޲ߣֻüֶΣʵҽѧĸõ
ͨĽϲܣҽĽʯҲܡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ϸоԼʮֵСڳǰ·ҽĲ񣬲ɵó̾һ
ϣû°ɣе֣ĽʯѾȻˣרô̾
ҡҡͷɫ˵û£ҽѧţϽҶǳװݷˣϣԺѧϰҽ˵͸Ҿ
æѽϷ΢Ц˵ϣҽѧ̩ɽĸҽҽ
ǰǸѧϣҪѧʶǳ³ܾﶼſˣҳһҽҽԺԸƸΪϯҽʦнΣ
ȻʧЦѾϼŵϯҽʦˣؽҲƸϯҽʦǾԲܴӦġ
лл⣬ҶҽԺϯҽʦûʲôȤܵ
֢ҽ궼ˣƸϯҽʦǼʵҪǸû뵽ǣȻܾˣ
ζõְλȻȤûи
ԭøнְλѳ뵽ҽԺôһλҽڣҽԺԻһ¥
û뵽붼û룬͸ɴľܾĵ֮࣬Ҳеź
룬ϻǶЦ˵ٿһ£ֻҪϯҽʦҽԺʱӭ
ȳȥɣò˺úϢÿɷ˵Ȼ֢߳ҡ
Ҳһҽڳ棬˳
˿ʱĿ۵ϡ
ڻ벻ͨΪʲôȥ
ذطѩһ֪ҽѧרҵѧ֮ĵľ͸ˡ
ǿҲų֮ذһȥʵϣҰôˣ
⣬Ҳڳʵģүӵ͵Ƚһ仰ˡ
¶һοЦ˵ȷʵɹˣүѾΣգֻҪռɿ
ô˵˵ʱһϵĴʯͷڷˡ
طѩϲһ
ϣǻ٢ֻش̶ʮӾ;ȻҰ֡ذʱҲϲɫҴүллˡ
ĽʯļҲ׷лѽΧ䵽һߡ
лϣ̫лҽԺˣһȥϸҽԺ򡣡
ȻذӣؼҵĲȨƹܵģ򣬶ؼ˵Ҳʲô
ذЦŸ͵ҪҪһңϹҽʥĸ֡
ؼ˵ĵлذĿޣϵɫԽԽˣڣεĿڵʵĽʯϸ粻Ҿȵģʲôæûϣүλ
˵ʲôذΪԼˡ
طѩؼҲǱһãȻүӲǽϾȻģ
ٴ˵ҽӦøл
ΪһҽΪ˻ǺʵģĹͣҲ
Ļȴؼ˳׵ˣ




28¡л
 

óȥæѾ˵ˣ˭õүӵȻǳȵģҽϻ˵ûʲôæ
ѵԼһˣͰѲүӸȻˣ
˵Ŀ⣬ӽתƵϡ
үү𣿡طѩݣŵʵ
һЦûҡ
õȷϣ˿Ŀⶼˣȫ֮ɫ
ôᣬôӵи߳ҽӣ˵ǽϿеҽˡ
ذø֮ǰȷʵǿġ
ǳʵж֤Լȷʵҽһõλҽѧ̩ɽĿ϶
һ֮ذڶԳڨڨ˵û뵽˲¶࣬ллҰֵͬʱҲΪԼ֮ǰʧǸ
ûʲô֮ͶѣҲذ֮ǰ·ϡЦЦ˵
ذܹô󷽵ĸԼǸȻȥΪʲôطѩİְ֣ӻҪġ
лүӣ͸תΪлҲǺܴ󷽵˵ʱԳĿȫһˡ
æֵˣ̣ѩ̽үӣʹβģҪ򣿡
ɲǼѣȷʵΪⲻΪ˹᳹ҽ£һݰڡ
Ȼһھܾس꣬ذĶԳָһ㣬øСҽҽġͼر
һԵطѩųһ˿ʣóҾ϶̫ãȻҪӽǮǣɲһܹõġ
ذ̶꣬ʶ֪϶Ǻаǵˣ˼Ƭ̺˵ҽô翪һ˽ҽݣȫ㿪ݣʱ׬˴ǮٻҾС
˼ͬʱǵĸ߰һҽȴܿ޷ת׬Ǯ·ӡ
Ǳ壬ҽݣȿó׬Ǯֺܺõչģνȫˡ
ҲɷܺãͶȥͬĿ⡣
ϰôԸطѩҲǳˡ
񣬳εЦллĺ⣬Ѿйˣְ
ȻذҽݵãǳǺкͬЭģڸβһڣɲˡ
ҳӦᰣϼŵϯҽʦҽݣΥְҵ¡
ذû뵽ܾ飬ʱЩûôˡ
ҪҽҲҪֲ߳ҽһģԼġ
ҲЩʵڵĹʲôİѵ˴򹤣ܱԼҽݺãȰú룬ʱԸԼҵ
Ŀǰϼϰ࣬ǩ˺ͬʱְܴòĻش
ϼţذ࿴˳һۣ֪ϼ˵ҪǷǳߵģܹȥҲе͡
˵Ըְ϶ڣҽݺˣ
΢Цż˵ѩ˵㻹ûҵϼҲʵϰɣִ˾ҪǷǳѵģûϼѣ߲㣬һõнˮأҽˮƽԼҽ϶ûġ
ΪҵŮǿ˵ĵλ˵ĳȰһҾƶˣǷǳѵõˡ
طѩĻеһ˫ĿֱֱųӦ
ذҲǵһμ˵ٲӵĻҽôذŮϾ
νӲɽҲذ߰ͷˡ
ҳһֱܾؼҵĻر˵ǴŮ˼ذ͸ˣɲŮ޸ּһ
ʵϼŵϯҽʦг룬ǰʵ˵˳
Ļ˲˶ˡ
ԭСҽϼθλֲûܾذ飬ǿϰ
ϼſ캣еͷҵؼҲǱȲϵģܹϼŵϯҽʦгְнȫġ
ףΪʲôܾҽԺϯҽʦˣԭǱϼƸȥ˰
ذɫøվǿ˳
Ҳ˼Ȱ˵ʲôˣϾǵүӣȻκλرҲܽл⡣
ΪǰСˡǳЦ˵ȻҪ꣬ؼͳԶٷûɣ
سˬĴӦȻû⣬үӻҾȫˣ뵽ʱȥǼͣ̽үӡ
ô˵ҲĽʯڼҵʱĹƶ顣
ðʱ÷ѩЦ˵
طѩүүôģҲǷǳģĳʵڸ̫ľϲ
͵˵ذ򸾺ͽǵطѩص캣ѧ
˲ҪúϢһ¡

֮ǰһɱĹƳʱھ캣в֪ǧ置һͶص¥һλ׷ԲԵͻȻɫ䣬³һɫĶ
ϸһ³ĶȻҲһֻССĹƳ档
ôܣҵĹƶȻˣһŵɫô꣬ĽʯûƵ˭ģ
ĹƶѽΪƳĸڣҪƽĻҪҵ˲УŲô𾪣벻ͨԷʲôַ
ŵĺ棬վһŮʮӣüƯ
ٲĺɫ㷢һŹףü֮£˫Ŀһˮ˵ĶˣƤ°⣬Ǳһϸϸĺ룬ġ
Żƾ£·ǰ󡢺󱳡䡢°ڵλö׺ķΡΡԲεƬݡɻΣɷǺÿ
ŮҲǰ͹̣߾ˣһһ顣
ţʵĹƶƵǺܺ˵λүүܹƶĶҲһͬȥģʱƳζİŮڣĵ˵
㶮ʲôҺԩҵ£ǱԼҪͬͬͬû˵ںˣҵĹƶˣһҲˡ




29¡γս
 

ԳƳεŮ̾˿֪źĽʯǰһʮమˣɽ˺ģ˵Ҫһ˷һĹƳ棬һȥһҲͻˡ
Ȼ棬ȴźĽʯŹֵóġ
Ϊԭ˵ĹϵˣĽʯص캣УһŮ˽˻飬ŵһԵ
֮Ϊʱ̫úǧԵʣǱĽʯڵĹƶͻȻҲʼδּ⣬Ҳƶ˳Ȼ
ĽʯҲùˣʱеͬĳŵֻû뵽ƶᱻƵ
ƳΣȥ캣һ˰ɣһµ˭ƵҵĹƳ档̵˵ĺʳƳҲòˣûȥĺ֢
ſ˵λƳŮı㣬ᰡ
λŮȫƳΣᰵıãΪκᰵĺ֢С־Ϊһҽ죬޳˹֪ҽѧԺĲʿ
ع֮ƳηԼˮƽ޷κᰵĹֲҽУֲ˸ҽƫǺãƳΰĿŵ置ʦϡ
˵置ʦʹعƳ棬أҲܾ˱ǧ置ʦ
ùƵĸ֣һ¾úʳƳʳ᰸й캮ķ˾ͽʳƵķƳΡ
һǳʱĵ£Ƴβ֪Ѿ置˽һꡣ
ȥ캣УƳεǵ˵ţҪˣһô죿½Ͻ̵˻
㲻Ϊҵģһûϵ׸ĵزأЦһ˵ȥ֮ҪСһ㣬˵Ͻ̵ĹʦҲ캣߶һƵĹƳĺܿǵˡ
һСĵģʰ¾ͻ캣ˣҪӱءƳ˵˲ᡣ

صᣬڴϣ´βôˡ
ĽʯҲΪүѾһֻ̤ŹأԳŲʹ
ˣаҽһаҽ䡷עаҽȫҽѪ滹ķҿһ¡
˷ܵڴϴʱպ˶ȥˣû˷ľٶ
šаҽ䡷ϵķʼ֫ٺתһ͸о˶ģر
ľҲָ˲٣ƣȫû뵽ⲿҽôãʱϲ
ԺҪУֻȴˣñѻԼǲڷ񾭡
֮󣬳оԼӶˣ´׼ȥѧУʳóԷ
¥ͻȻһ߳ĸ׳ʵɫƵѧס
Ǻγ᳤ȥһ˿ֵһѧ˵
ԭγ֮ǰ֮ǳģͽ˼СųͰȥֵ
һˣγ϶
߰ɡҲ룬ʹӦˡ
Ѻγ״һﻹҳ鷳ģ˲һԽˡ
ʱѧУĿֵѧһϿֵĴΣвٶǿֵЭĻԱ
ϰֵĸʦֻкڴΣԶԶγĺڴĶΣټĵγǾԵǡ
ʦҲֺúγһμ֮󣬱㰲һγ˵ҿˣʾԱҽ⻹Ҫõöࡣ
γ˵ͷ˸ʦһ䴵ĻȻߵУʾǸʦ
ѡеﰵеùҲҾֻܾÿˡ
ʵŻɫѾһĿֵˮƽǺͺγȣǲԶˡ
֮󣬺γȰոʦļɺ˼УһǼ򵥵ĺߣͰڵء
ٺ
γѧ˧
Χ۵ͬѧǶҵĹŮǸһգγǮܴ򣬼ֱĿе
ĽĿ⣬γֺվڳ룬ǻһĨЦݡ
᳤ǰѳˡſһ
γ˹ȥ۾Ȼַߺ֮ɫּˣǰ¹ĳ
ĸѧų˵ǰ˿˽һ˭ѵ˺٣
ߵγĶ棬һݲȵɫ
ˣҲҵսγʵ
ʲôҵģ
ĻóߵѧǾԻȻ˭ô󣬾Ȼҽܺγս
ܺãһ᳹׵Ĵ㣬һſڵϹģγŭĿ˵
Ҫôѧǰݺݵһ٣֮ǰĳٱķȥ
γŭӣﶼ룺гİѺٵĲᰡ½첻ҲҪ趼ʶˡ
֮ǰɶǼʶγһǵѧ򵽱ӷ롢ݶ˲֪ŵġ
ɫݵԿʼһҪȥԷ
㼱ʲôұ֤ԲˡγЦ˵ˣȻӦȭۣʱɱ̫أиʦ֤
ʦγҲ˽ֻø͵û˽˾Ͳܵ㵽ΪֹֻܹԼˮƽֲ˶Է̫ء
֪γ˼֮ǰγ˴ˣֵ캣ѧзúγǮǰƽˡ
һκγԻѳøңȰѻ˵ǰͷҵȥ֡
˺γĻһЦ̫أأ
ܣγն˵ϴ̫űһΣӮľԼ
Χ۵ͬѧԭͬģϾγǺڴĶεĸ֣͸ߴͣȳ߳һͷȥġ
û뵽Ȼڳԣһ֪ߵغӣȻŻ˵ܰѿֵЭ᳤ϣڳѧϰֵѧˡ
û˭ٻͬ飬ֻ뿴ᱻô
ȻǺ٣СӺÿ񣬺ݺݴ
ǰǰγѧǿǿֵγѧͣСƿֵ
ߴ˷֧γһЦ˵ҪˣͲطѩ棬жԶԶ
Ļ˶ˣԭγΪطѩ˷ŭ
֪γ׷طѩһ꣬û׷֣طѩú˵
طѩͱҶ֪γԵԸǿ϶Źġ
γʤȯյӣҲǲĺ˵ӮˣԺҲҪǰˣŷ
γ̲סˣŭһų˹




30¡һд
 

γһһ֣ȭֵǰ߽ӲߣȫҲõ˼£һҪ֣֪Ҫ϶ٹͷ
ڳУγȴǶˮƽױ
΢΢һЦƮȥɺγ׷ʹҲһƬ½ǡ
ۣγѧĶ˧ߵһڻŮԣֻγֿŵĶ׷׼
ʦźγһ͹Ҳû޵ǿٵĶʵΣȭȵʱյǡôѵõҲõʮҪúÿúѧ
һ˵ѧͷʾͬʦ¶ɫԼҲûдͷ
ϾγȷʵкڴĶεʵˮƽ캣еĿֵڣҲǸݼĸ֣
һûģôܿסγѸ͹
ʦܿ͵ɴ۾Ϊγһִ֮󣬳ʲô¶ûУȻй˹ȥ
Χ۵ѧҲ쳣ˣ붼ǿֵżģ￴Ҫγ׹Ѷжߣ
ȻɵľͶ˹ȥⲻøʦղһλЦˣ
ߣȥ㵽׸ҲҺҴ򣿡γмʵ
ЦЦ˵ֻһֻѣҪ֮ǰһдǶû˼
ƨ˵еޱȳ飬γﶼˡ
ǻ᳤ôܻᱻһдϹʲôţư
Ǿǣǻ᳤ĹҽӣԼǸث֣
һֱܣҿ±ǻ᳤Ŷ԰ɣ
ʱڳĿֵѧѾЩȺ鼤ˣҲҪ֣ôɵĶγĵʽ
ôôЦʵ
γŭӳ˵Լܵÿ죬һζܣӿû׽Բأ
УҾͲˣҾվ˺һ䡣˫ָٲȻһͷ
仰ļƣúγŭ˲˶壬û˿ôһ١ٶĿ
ܺãȻҾͳȫ㣡γͻȻŭһԾ
ţȸ߸̧𣬴ľ磬ʮ־ˡ
ڵһŵĸ߶֮󣬺γȱ̩ɽѹһ㣬ųǺݺ䣡
һŵʵ̫ˣߵĸʦͫ׽ûγʹôѶȵĿֵ
ѵصɱﵣ
˿γһţɵΪȲʣǱߵСӾҪùˡ
ȥпҪ
˿ӣ֮ǰ˵һȻӲӵס
ЩСŮѾ۾ҿһĻǺɳԴᱻһѡ
ǧһ֮ʣһЦȻһ߻ζһ£γӸµһţص˳ļ֮ϡ
ü£˻ǾóܰסһţԻᱻڵϡ
γҲôġ
ǵĽʵʵڳļʱȴûһ£·ϵһƬë
ôܣ˲ԼͬŴͣɵɵĿǰһĻ
γɫ࣬һѹ˿
ģҾͲ߲㣡γ˿ͷԷȵһƬհףȫȥΪʲôȫһ޶ˡ
ջȣһŸ߸߹󣬺γеͿֵɶױˣ
ڶ̶֮ڣγʮȭǱȡ
ΪܣԺγеĹֱֱƴʮ־ˡ
žžžž𣬺γȫȭŶ˳ϣȻһһͻйơ
мȭţȥʵʵİ
ͨ˰ϺγֱʮĹڵϰˣǺˣ
˾˵ķڳ˶°͡
˵Ǹ͵İɣ
γһٱѾԽ弫ޣòͣڴ
˾κˣŵĿų
ᣬ㲻ðҡҡͷ̾ȷȭɢѧʲôֵ
ôѵγѪӿɫǺ죬ʵ̫ˣ
򲻶ô
γƺҪˣȴһĨ֮ɫͻȻγҽһȻʹΪ֮ݵȣ
һ֣γļ䡣
һֵ磬׼Ĵںγļ羮Ѩϡ
꣡
γоԼ߼ĹͷϳˣҲһ޷ֿľѹס͵Ϲȥ
صһγڳǰ˫ϥҲͬʱϸ΢ͷֲ֪˶١
γһʹĲҽŤòӡ
ͷ֮ʹͳѨľʹһúγһ˲ʹ
һĻȫһţ˶Ŀɿڴ
˭Ҳû뵽һ֮䣬ͰѺγˣԭ֮ǰĻǴţ
һ̣γΪֵֵ˵кȻΪʵǰ̫ܵˡ
ʦ˰ΣŻعԳŭôôݣȻҰѺٴˣ
γöͷŵذ壬İʦ֪һ˵òᡣ
γϱ˴˵ģʱѧУ쵼μ׷ʦѲΡ
ǸղŲ˵˽˾ȭ𣿡ʵ
ʦһϣǸղȷʵ˵˲ֶԷ̫أ˭뵽γȻ䣿
ҧҧʦŭǸӵܣûѧܱȵģ
˼ֻ֣ܵ㵽ΪֹˣЦ˵
ûôûִ磬ܴʲôãʦĭɵھȥ֪ͨУٵĸĸ군ˣ
ڸʦвΪղźγôݣֱҪأֻѡ
ڳôѧ֤ѧУμ鷳Ҳȫ顣
һ˶źγ˱ѧУѧһҽҪűҵ֤顣
ֵЭѧæѺγֻγԹ޵Ŀųҧгݵֵľͱߣھүʰ㣡
ʲôүҿûȤˡֻȥһ٣ΪĿˡ
ûȤҿ˰ɣγʹеүֱˣܴùңԲүĶ֣
³ȥγͳֻһעүĵ绰룬ֻȴʾԷͨ
ͬʱֻҲóһһİ룬һ֮󣬵˽




31¡ү
 

ι´磬ϴѾþֶԸǸˣҹ绰ͷױ򹧾
ԼѺױ򣬵ȴûױĺأֲʾİ硣
캣ѧĿֵɡ˵꣬Ҷ˵绰
ƺͬҪγмЦôҲаֹˣܺãҵҪеҽе
˵꣬ٴβˡүĺ룬һȴǲͨˡ
ιүڷ𣿡γСʵƺүǾη
绰ͷһͷ̫㣬ʲô£
үѧУĿֵ˴ˣСеϣܰұ𣡡γų޺˵
Ҳڿֵ绰ͷƺе㾪ȣаɣţҴ͵
үӦԼ󣬺γʱĻŭţƺʹ֣Ŀų˵ˣүǵϵĴУ֣Լ̫
γ֪үһĺֻҪӦ˳֣Ի飬󻼣ҲΪʲôүܹмԭ
ʦڳѧүĴɫһȫˣû뵽پȻֵĴн飬ɲⰡ
绰֮󣬺γõҽԱ򵥵ƣĵվԭأȴױĵ
֮캣ѧУкγĸĸȸϹˡ
ĸһ̬ӷ׵ĵ󸾣ӼϥǶűʱ־ŭʵӣ˭ģ
װͷͺĺθγ⸱ӣҲһŭĸ˵ҴǶӣ
μҷǳǮμҲǴϵ£˽ƢԣܱռһˣγǼֱǺǼҽ²֮ˡ
γָųԹ޵˵
ĸӴ˵ˣȻûվʱһŷֵ˹ȥҴҶӣˣ
ûͱĺθסˡ
ȻθҲ޲ȥһ٣ûбŭͷԡ
ӿǿֵڴĶεĸ֣ܱôǷһϣܰѳô
СӣΪܴǺμҾκβ㣡θԳ˵Ҹ㣬ڵᣬǮӲҼ绰һΣ
ǰ˵˰ҹǶӣҾºֵģֻѡɫݵ˵ȫºθвץȥθûš
ĸŭҶӶˣҲ˵ˣҶҪ㣬ֲⲻǮοͷһֵǮ
ĸôĻһЦúˡ
ֱطѩǮȫͬģطѩĸĸѾȻһָ˵ĽͨγĸĸǺ޽
⸱̬ȣĸɺһԺһ캣ѧУԹߵУ㿴ѧУȻӵѧҶӴʲôˣ㿴
УԼĪʮ꣬ĸݣһڿ۾ߵǰɫĳгǰɣĸרҵѧȻУڶˣڲҪѧҪ׷ķΣμһ
У˵ҲǶ˵ģǺγԼҾ֣ҲòڳѧΪ֤˵
Ȼ֪γǰʹ˹ѧμҿǮˣСУ붼룬Ҳ֪Ҫվıˡ
˳Ļѧʵ˭һ£֤
Уڳһѧǰһ֤ǲ캣ѧˡ
Уҿ֤ʦһĵվ˳ϿֵΣǳҺٵ˵ġ
ⷬȫߵڰףȴ˵Ĳʵóһѡ
ڻʲô˵Уʵ
ûʲô˵ˣġ
ȻôӲθһУ˵У֪ͨץ˰ɣʶＸѣһúáдСӵġ
˵꣬θó绰׼򼸸롣
֣ô鷳ˡγͻȻڣֹ׼绰ĺθ
θĸӣһ⡣
γ˵ҰүˣʰСӣԱȰֵѻһٱ
ʲôүθĸ¶
Ǽǿ¥ģ¥ĵ̾ǹүϽμƽʱûТүǵľ¥û죬Ҫˡ
үıӻμҵľ¥Ȼ죬˺μҸƴͽֺүγҲүʶϵġ
үָǿԿֵڴĶεĺγҲΪʶγ˼ξƣ˵㽻顣
˵ӾȻ붯үθĸеЩϲԺүǵĶӻͦӵİ
ӣȻүԸǵæǾٺòˡθ绰ʡ˼顣
ĸԶ˴ĴָԳڵĽеСӣ˭ҲȲˣҪڹҶӿͷϴ˵ǻȰүһȫʬ
˵üɫ裬ĭɣ·ԼܶĳС
ˣ㲻Ҳаôûò᲻˰ɣγļЦѾȫ˱δʹ
ûܴôаֹô֡ԶԶү
ʲô˵үҲûôԺγļһЦ۾ʼ
γһͷװȣ½ֱӣ
Уҡҡͷ֪ΪʲôôӲԹϴȥηܱںˣμ˵ϵĴҲȲˡ
Ȼ캣ѧУҲСүּȣС׼ףУһֻ۱һֻˣҲ㲻ϡ
˶ڵȴүĵȻѾ¿ʱ䣬ѧǶû뿪һ˷ܵĽͷӶڴүĿ
Ͼϲ˶һѪǶЩĴ˵һֱܸȤ
Լ֮󣬿ֵſڳһӰ˴ɧɫװӴһĴֵָĽɨӵһȦ֮ɫĳų
ûߵǰװӾͱμΧסˡ
үˡθĸ϶ĵЦݣ˶Ƥˡ
γһʹı飬װ˵үҶ˴ˣһҪұ𣡡




32¡үԲ
 

˵·װӿûγһۣɫ͵ƿ
һ£Ѻμڶˡ
үרǶӱô棬ȫǵһµӣ
װӣʵױ߹ʱ򿴵һȺΧڵ룬ľ֡
ƹμڣЦЦıʱױͻȻͨʲôعͷԺγʵ˭
γΪүҪˣһϲָų˵Ǹгɵơ
ɵƣױŭһһݺݵĳ˺γһơ
첽ߵǰޱ𾴵˵´磬ˡСһû뵽鷳
ױһٶڳ𾪵Ӷɳˡ
⵽ô£˵үǺγʰĴ
ôλһͳ˺γһƣȻԳϹϾӣȥŸаɣһǱλүţƺִܶС
籾˭ܲµóγ׵ķգθĸҲǾ㵵˵ˡ
ɫױ΢΢ЦһС鷳ѣе˷ʱ䡣
´磬Ͱױæ
˿ͷҪĴ£ȥϴ˼ȻǺγǶԳӣô̡
ױɫתγŭȵγȻҶԳ´綯֣ıӵǲǣ
֪γᣬϲѧ˿϶Ǻγ˳Ȼ󱻳ˣæ
ΣγȴǺˡ
γױݳһƣּԳ˹ŵÿɵˣױŭȣһ²ŽͰ͵˵סү͡һͨѧôҵ𣿡
ߣ㣿ױĿ˺γһۣ´ϴĹͣγʲôѶΪʲôҪ´磿
˵ǣϴĹͣγо﷢࣬һֱ³ȥ
ʹıֻһƫƧСѧûʲôôȻ֮ͳϴϱ
ױµĵλɲͣ˴󹦣˶ֵλã˵죬ȴԳޱȣǳʲôλ
γ亹סȥˡ
ϴ׼ϯھǹ´ȥģ˵أױźγɭɭЦΪеûţרܹ㵱ְ
ҡ֣γȫ˵ɫһѿǿ캣绽Ĵڣ˵ɶһţ캣жҪ
θĸѾŵɫȫ벻ıȻֲεһүǶǲˣ˵Ǹֲɣ
УɫҲǱ䣬ޱȣòһֻѧУһͨѧ
Χ۵ѧȫױϢˣ˵еĳɿϯ磬Ȼ͵ҲֵµĴݱ˲ﶼüǿء
γ촽˵ױһתԳСʵ´磬СҪô
֪ױȥ˵СԺҾˡ
γҲ㹻ĽѵֳȫûҪ
ױ򹧾ĵ˵ͷγһҳ˵ǸϽ´ǸȻжԶԶ
μһսսߵǰһֵ̿˵үԲ𣡡
ǲ֪ϴĹͣʵǸϣܴ˲С˹һȥһúýγθؿ
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ԺǶӱҴˣ캣ôкܶǵﲻġ˵꣬˰֡
γһҵ·𱻻չƵģۣǸղŻڴԼȴݺݸһơ
һӣﻹֵͷ˵˼Բ𣬾ͻ˿ֵ
Ҳ׼ױȥȻһ£ĿŵУϡ
ܵĿ⣬Уɫһ䣬ЩεЦû뵽ѣҸղ˵ĻȫϣٲҪϡ
ھУһӣҲҿѧˡ
Ҫ֪캣ѧһɵĵ֮ڣһױϽױǲȥܵϵĻ죬УѧУͲ֪Ҫ衢١Źȶ¼ˡ
Уô˵ĵ˵ͷױ߳˿ֵУŰһ
УʲôͷôҲʮּɵӣһֱԴҳĸʦߺ󣬲ŸҶУʵ
УּĴ쵼ѾǳţˣԹнãһĿ㣬ȻҲҶԳô
Уɫõĵ˸ʦһۣȻ㱻㺦Ծϴһ㲻һСС캣ѧܸ̾캣еȣ
ʦѵһһ㶵ģļʶִ˵ȫûиֲ֪һĿ¡
Сߣղŵ˳ҿ㻹Լְ˰ɡУĻøʦ˲ɫ
ּķŭУɽӲˣΪ˲ǻøʦΪ
һӶ˹ʦ˶ɵˣΪԼղŹߵڰ׶ڲѣԼôôأ

˺γĺɫγγ캣ʻȥԼСʱ֮󣬳һľԴ䡢Ƶɽɽš
ɽ΢΢ȵĵ
һӾϳΪɽһֿҲȥιһΣɫͦġ
ûױӦϴͰϯڹɽİ¥
ԣĿһ¥캣пǶ
ν캣£ư¥
ڹɽɽİ¥һ޴Ị̇ͨξ覡
رһϣͻԶɢİ׹⣬ͬϵһ
캣еĸԼԼỊ̇˾Ǿʫ
¥Ҳ˳Ϊ캣б־ԵĽ
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˺γųɽһ··ȥǽһ˽ɽ·
һ·ϣױСüؿڱɵĴ֮ЩԱɫĽ·ϣǹȥ
֮СһƬ㳡ͣ
㳡µһ濴ȥڼ˴İ¥
¥ùɫ㣬ûʴɽƺи߸ţɼʥأҲ֪˶ٸڲ׳澰




33¡ѧ
 

ױų߽¥̤һʽʯϲȥ
Ϊ˲ƻУ¥ûݵģ˶ͨˣһʮ¥ֵġ
󣬳̤һƬޱȵ̨ôߵĵطѾԸɽƺãԼ캣еҵƻ
һɽС̨ϯ캣жݵ
ױ첽ߵ̨һŴԲǰλϯһ΢΢˵ϴҰ֮ǰ˵ĳֵˡ
ޣǾɡ˵˵
֪ױ˵ӣӦþǴ˵еˡ
ֻԼʮ߰ӣŨüۡ߱ڣһ϶µİ̺ۣȥе㴥Ŀġ
ȻţҲԿ൱࣬˫Ŀ⣬֮䣬ơ
֮⣬Իһݲɵϵѣȭĸ֡
ɵ󣬻վһݵŮӣŮȻͨȴһ֮˸е
ộҲĲҳˡĸ̾һ䣬˹ȥ
ױ򵱼ܵλǵϴˡ
ãҽг˵Ƕɴкˡ
ֵµˣҲ޾ΪһеƣҲͲö
ǳ⸱̬ȣȴ̲סüͷ
ȫû뵽ױ˵֣Ȼôᣬһô
΢ױһۣ˼ױôһѧϢûи
ױ򿴵ϴֻεЦЦȷʵ̫ˣҸӣҲǲý͡
˵һ֮䣬Ͱױˣ֪СֵʦλңתԳʵ
ԼҲ֣캣Ҷ֪һдױ˵ʦҲԲ֮
ɵЩɣҡҡͷ˵ҲûаκΪʦ
һûϵľȻĴ𰸡
֣һʦָرǵ˥΢㣬ͨǲܿԼһ书ġ
ϴôôһ˵׵СӹԼʦŶ˵¶۰ɡɵףһʮҡɫ̲סڡ
Ϣߵ̫Ѩ΢΢¡˵ʱʮ㣬ҷ緶
λǣ˵ˣʵ
ߣƾ㣬ûʸ֪ʦĴһʮ겻ͬˣһ´λվɫȻ
꣬΢΢ü֪˶ôĵ⡣
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ʱֻʣһ׵λˣҲƽϣֵ
һԲΧ߸ˣ˳ɡ䶨ʦͽźװ׳ӣһɫĿߡ
һĽܹȥ䶨ʦͽ캣еһݡʤݵĸ֣Ҫİ˼ȭ
䶨չ˶ʤݵĹͽ쵣Ρ
ɲϧؽ䶨أѾо䶨ˮƽ֪캣ң˵䶨ʦˡ
װӣڵϵĺѣ˶ǰѸǹеó뻯ǹ֣һͨϣвֻ󣬱ϾִᣬҲȲ
λŸŵˣɽܣ캣бطǳķˮ˳Ƹϣɿηˮĵô˳
ϹΪ˼ҶŶݼסаʮ־ͨɵĳû𵽿ƵЧ
ϺɰĿ·Żسϣɫʵֵ䲻Ը͸¶ʦУ֣Ҳ۷ˮƽ˰ɣ
ʲô۷壿һͷˮ
΢΢һ㵣̽һ̽ĵӣû뵽Ȼѧ綼֪
һдױֻҪŵ߶ܰ쵽Сᣬô۷ˮƽϴ̫߿ˡ䶨ҡҡͷм˵
Ͻ꣬ҲʵˮǴߣ˭úã˭òһ۾ܿó
ױ֣һżδﵽģƤϸ塢ǲԣһ㶼ˣǲ˼ˡ
䶨ΪϴĿԸһ㣬Ͼױ򱻳һдܣ϶ҪԷˮƽߣ֤Լò
ʦô˵֪ˮƽŲٶˣǻԼĲЩʧ
Ҳ۷ĸ֣һ󾳽ֻһ֮ңֻЩæ䣬ŵһߵˮ׼
ôᣬҲ϶Ųãᶯ֮г˸ϣˡ
䶨ͽʵ࣬ɵˮƽ쳣޿ֱʮңߵ۷䣬ʵսҪʤһ
ϯһ̨ϣʱһЭ䶨ǹǳҾپͨ孶Ҳǲѷɡ
뵽ԼŮΪɱﵣɶóѾǿп޵Ĵڡ
ױǿˣ˽ᣬǮ߰ɡɫ糣İ
˵ʲôš۷壬ЩʵĸȤǿ䶨ʵλʦ˵ֻֻţ֪ѧôֵģʦڴʲô磿
Ǵǫ̵ģϾ˱ɲΪԼһܱЩѧǿ
ߣ䶨ͷ𣬿ϵİƣмش⡣
һ̤ëͷСӣ˵ûûСģһ㶼ǰǴеǰ䶨ҪͽȥѵһСˡ
ֲ֪ĵĹأ䶨ԸشҲ΢΢һЦ׷ʡ
ȴ̲סŪ˵СӣɣѧÿؾϸΪšСɡɺ۷塣ʦѾ˰ɾ磬캣еһ֣
ŵˮƽչؼʦҪȿͷܺ˼˵
Ĵ䶨Ȼ̧ͷ죬ȴ΢΢Ȼõӣһµ죬㻹©˵һ磬Ǿ
ʦ˵ֻѧ翵Ĵ˵Ϊڵľ𣿡ʵ
䶨һɫ˵֮˵Ȼ翣ִѧһܹɣǧ꾭ܽģִȻûš˵ֶͨΣŴûа




34¡һױ
 

Ȼ첢û˵ǰĸѧľ֣䶨˵ˮƽǴˡ
൱С˵ЩӵԸ˵ľˮƽȷʵ֮ҲּĴڡ
ô࣬һֱĿĸͻȻ΢΢ſ۾Ƶ˵ʦ˵ʹ˵е޵ʿЩƣֻ޵ʿǲ䣬ǿĳشԪ浤֮ڣˡ
Ŷô˵ĪҲһλ޵ʿ䶨ʵ
ҡҡͷִĻʲô޵ʿһشȫʧԽӽִԽϡɵġ
λϵĻҶ̸ȴ˵
֮ǰաаҽ䡷ϵķϸ˵޵ʿֻҪʲôѡ
ʦ͸ϲǸ̩ɽΪ񣬻˼ʶ㣬ʵЦ˷ֱһ䡣
ʱѾоԼڷˣЦһ˵ϴ󣬿ϲ𣿡
⻰һ˶ʱʣеǰȻԷ
ױҲһΣ´簡´磬ҪǲܺúñֵĻҿҪˣ
䶨ʦͽ̲ס˳һۣСͬһϯֱʧݣ
ȻֵܶˣǾϲ˰ɣɴһӣŮͰѸʽ߶Һúó¥еġͥ硯ͨһӶԲĺö
ôһͣѶҵĳҲˣӿʼãڱ뾡첹
ϾǮơ֣¿ɲûܡ
̻ʵģ䶨ʦͽԼͬҡҡͷװλһûС
ȻȣҲΪװ׳һٴͣ´սȴֻܱԵΧֵۣʮġͥ硱˳ʵЩ˷ˡ
ˣû˵Ǹ֣ʮǰ̣һ֮Ұˣֻʣһӵ˶孹û뵽Ȼѧһ߳İɱұ𣡡˵ң¶Թ֮ɫ
ԹѰ֮ɾһֱڷʽıʳѰùް취лһڶ᲻ɢֱɱ֣ɫԺÿ˵㡣
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˵ұɱ䶨ͫ΢΢һ
ȻΪ֣䶨ҲйĺݽɫǶǩ״߾
Ҫȭʱɱˣ䶨ɾҪúõһֵֵˣһӽϴֵ͡
ɿ䶨ɫ˵֮ǰһʦֵܹȭʦܰǹܣұ׷һʤװޡ
Ȼ˵ǹҳֺ˺ͻеĻ򲻺ÿưȻɸĳ룬䶨Щ
䶨ô꣬ʦ⣬ƤЦⲻЦ˵ϴ캣к绽һеҲδ̫ʧϴˡ
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캣ǹڽӽһ߼ĴУĵضǴģĿһݣûи׵ĻݵӰӣ˼ɶһ¡
뵽ǸɱǧĹɺܿҧҧ˵ãֻҪʦұ˹ұʦһݣ
䶨¶ЦݵϴȻǾ;ɡ
ϴһɱ˹ǲҲܵõʦͬȵĻرһֱĬĬžƲ˵ĳˡ
ΪɵسڵȻҪ䶨ʦͽǰ̸ó롣
Ļȴ䶨ɫһȻŭСӴԲѣʦ˭֮ұشͽܵŰݷá
ڳĿڳԣ䶨Ҳܲˣ˾ڰɽ֮ڳʦǰݺݽѵһСӡ
˵ûʦҲȫû䣬˵ʲôš䶨˵ֿ꣬ɣϴҽ첻ǲ䷹ģ˲˵شһҸղŵ⡣
ĻﶼЩˬˣСӣѧˮƽԼ˵˿ûﵽæ͸䶨ּۻֱۣ֪ߵغ
һ˫Ŀһų˵ֻҪб¸ɵұһĵıΣ
ãϴ仰Ҿͷˡ
˵ʱ
䶨ٺã̲סԳӵۣͽǲͳȥѳһˡ
ĬĬŵױ򣬴˿ﲻ´磬ôණ±˵ˣߵö·𣿡
˶ȵòͷɹ᲻֣ϵķҲɨòʱһֱ۵ĸͻȻ۾Źɽһߵɽ忴ȥ
˶ͬʱվҲ͸һˣߵɽ崦ȻٷһƬơ
ܿ죬ǾͷƬںĶƣʮܺɫĻɡ
Щɡ׼ĳŰ¥̨˳Ծǣ沢û˼Ԧǰһɫ֪ʲô
ԣܻɡˣһݣڳֻ˳
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²ã˶һƬУֲָд󾪡
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ͻȻſĴЦɣΪֿ̨֣ܹԸʵ̫ˣһаĻؼǳϹӣ
ƮжϲԴͷ




35¡Ļؼ
 

ɶſŭֵľĴһܣ˽ǵĶԹˣּ˵У㻹ǵǸĴ𣿡
ɣΪɵΪ˱ҿѧôİɱ֮Ϊʲôãҵ˶ٵʱ򣬾ͺˣ޾Թޣڿвϴ
ʱѾΧм䣬Ȼ˫Ŀǳ˳֮⣬Ǿþĥµֳ֣֪Ҫľǲš
ûõġƺ֪ǻסɣƮ˹ҵİĻؼܹӣڼʲôɣҪúõĥ㣬ںڰ֮ʹȥ
һ䣬ƺ˶ʧˡ
ͻȻһٺ١Ц˵Ķը죡
˵ĺë˲䵹ȻôǵߣȻĳںڰ֮жط
飡
ǹֿޱȵĳЦǹȴȫڿմ
˰һҽУǹ֣֮䵽˵ϡ
ܿĻһ𾪵ķ֣ǹ˫ֱֵϣһöĽεķڣǣѪ졣
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ϴֻ࣬Ҫ֣Ҿλס䶨ص˵
ΣҲֻܱˡ
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ʱоǰӹһ磬æٱһȴû뵽Էݹһذס
ذֱϺݺݵĻһĿӣʹһֻȭͷذ׺ӰȥӰȴ˿֪ˡ
죡䶨һѸ˺һƬ½ǰס˵ֱۣűѪ
ʲô֣ҲˣɣĶЩʲôﰡڰ֮У޼ɵĳ
յģֵľͱزأҵİ˼ȭ׽Ūڹ֮У䶨ֱˡ
һɣΪ֮ܵУû뵽һ־ôֻܻܰ֡
ӦһЦ֪䶨ɲöԸŲ׵ĺȥӲӲ
ӹױ͸еķɵһڡ
ʱɷŵѪˡ
˫еⲻϱ˸ʵѿ͸ۣѹĶһ
׼ֱɣȴͻȻһףΪھȻԵŮӸסˡ
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֮󣬹ɵһֳ࣬ذı䡣
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ʱһһĹȥַʮι䶨ԵŮӷ
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ĺĻؼʣ²һӵʱͻȻֲͣˡ
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ǺǣΪǰ֣Ҿ㣿̨һ࣬
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ܿ죬̨ĺͳɢȥˣ˶ؼ
ҵһʱķλȥ漴һ
ֻԣȻվһˣ
ǹͬֻǸղźڰӣΪʲôһζûг֣
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ٲʦ֣ȥǸһ٣֪Ƕ孰ɱԺ˱ϹϾ˵
㲻ǣĶ֣Ϊٲصĺŵģ˵
¿ˣ˾ȻǶˣһǹʦ֡
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㣡ֵѪյͣղںڰлô˿ܵ˼
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ٲؾȻҺӲӰ˼ȭǲһЦ
ȭͷԽһ漴һӰ󵹷ɳȥصˤ䶨ĸǰ
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ϳҵȭɣܺáٲɫȻҵʦɣϧûˡ
䶨һݣٲܹһɵ죬ʵѲ֮ˣǰٲصʦֵ˺־磿
û뵽˹һҲôģһʦͽĸȭ䶨˵һ̫Ѩֹһ֣ͨһҪˡ
ƽǿĵ֣䶨˿⣬һˣȥ
һĻ䶨˶ˡ
ֻٲһͻȻӰÿӰܹԼ棬ٶȿ쵽ʲôزܻûӰ
ٲ似İɱȭ䶨䶨һ˲俴ǰʮȭӰֻܰѰ˼ȭӵ˼£סŻ
žȭ۶̨ѹʮȭУٲػһźӰ䶨߳ȭۻҡ
䶨ֻܿأɿüͷ壬ȥ䶨Ҫסˣ




36¡ָǹ
 

кŮһȥæͻȻصһ죬еİٲѾ뻯վԭء
䶨ҡҡλεȥվסڵϣɫ죬ͻȻһѪ
˭ʤ˭Ѿˡ
ɵ˿ź˵İٲأɵøеһ⣺̫ˣ
Ӿͻ˰ɵ䶨ѵٲصѧ磬Ѿ˻ˮƽ
Ҳһ֮һֱû֣뿴ٲصʲôˮƽ
ɸܵٲؽɱϣʱһ䣬ţٲصӰǰ
һԵŮڲҪĻɵǰȴٲһȭɣˤδ֪
ѹɸֳɫ˫ȭ׼Ͱٲƴˡ
ʦ֣ȱɱ󷽵ĹͻȻ
ٲԣȭΪƣһ°ķڵء
첽˹Ϻݺһţ˵ɣҲн죬
ѹʮԹ֮ȫһٿЦгͷų
ң֮ټҵҪӴɢˡ
֪ˣԼͲûķ䣬֣˵ЩѾͻưﵽˮƽͲ޻֮ˡ
ɣ죬ҿͷģ˵Ұĥ֮󣬻һ޼ɵĳЦ
ŭҪɱɱһģ
ŶôӲпǹ޶𣿡ɭɭЦ
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ϴĺպǳ׵Ķɾ
ϴ㲻¹򡣡ʱһֱϹ۵ĳڿڣ
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˵ʲô·һЦĿŭڣذ׺һ˲ʧԭء
˭Ҳû뵽ʱɵı꣬ʧ˶֪군ˡ
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˿ˤԶѪĹһʱĿɿڴ
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΢΢һЦˣҪлĵҼĻᡣ
ߣٲҲܲ˳ĻһΣʼʩĻӰ
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һȭײ֮𣬿·𱬿һŵɫҰףæȥ
ٲع͸ޱȵȭѾγһȦȦ磬ֶ֮ϽŲУ
̫ˣٲؾлˮƽڵص䶨ؿڣ𾪵˵
˿̣һСͷ籩ģֻȻһƵᣬͶ㣬ͰѰٲΪĸȭ˻ȥ
ٲԽԽľԭΪشɱȭһܽһ̲࣬û뵽ôȭȥԷȴһ͸סˡ
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ٶȣӰҪֲΪӰϾǿüġ
ٲصĸȭԳ޿κΣ԰ٶȶĵʱĿ־кʹܸС
ͻȻٲصĶһ·ӵߣʶǻĵĴѨɣ
ţٲرоԼǰء󱳡˫֮ϱþָϻС
ÿһָ֮϶עÿһָٲصϱһѪѪ֮ӿ
֮ٽ׳ôܵסȻ޷šˣ˿̶ԸһٲأѾ´ࡣ
޴Բ⡢ǵ䶨κˣɫһٱ䡣
ָһ㡢ܰѰٲص򴩣䶨֪УֻȫѪ转ŨԲĵ֣顣
ͼǣӲʹھܹ͸ëⷢǰĻϣ࣬鲼ȫ⣬շġ
˵Ѿ弫ޣ䶨û뵽ִѧ磬ȻˮƽܲĶǣ
һߵĸϸųɢ졢ɵϢȴߣ޵ߣ
ϵĻ͵üţҲûȥע˵ʲô
Ϊ˶Ŀֲ𺳵Ŀɿڴˡ
ֻҪָһ㣬ͿϴһѪȼǹ
˴ʱвԼͬ뵽һֻС˵еľ书񽣣
ڳָ֮£ٲظ֧Ųסܿ˶̱ڵϣκλ֮
һתۼ䣬ƾͷ˴תɴΣŴĳ֣ááã
ոմһ⣬˿̾䣬öЩˡ




37¡԰ݷ
 

תͷЦеĿ˵ϴ󣬹ͰٲҶˣղ˵ĻҲö˰ɣ
ԡԣӦö֡Ŭż֮ش
ڴѲҪͳۺլЩˣڳȹǰĸ˼
Ҫ˵ͻȻİٲӳһźɫӣæеүСģ
ǺɫӱӵУһźͺ֮ǰİĻؼһֻǷΧС
ٲسô˻ᣬںһ̨ԵȥȻ˫һţ徹Ȼû׹䣬ǰ衣
ԭĺƾͬһ㣬ڰɽİ¥̨£ôﵽԻĸ߶ȡ
ߣӣûһ˿ɣ̨ͬȥ
˿ôʧɫôߵĵطȥûаٲĻ£书ٸߣҲҪǣ
ŵĶڵȫע£ȻӲƾտһǡòڰٲصı֮ϡ
˾һٲصļ׵ϣٲ߷һ¼׹
סһ֮һշ̨֮ϣһǳɣǼȾִ̼
ž
˶̨Ե¿ȥֻٲˤˮϣòˡ
ү书ͨ޵аɷĵĳ޵Գĳƺˡ
䶨̾һݷʮأռүֶΣ֪ԼǾ֮ܣ
ͽվں棬˵ղǻһĿû뵽˼ҲĴ֣˼Ҿһ붼ѵ
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ȻӮúƯԺǲϸǿĶ֣һӦ硣
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˷׷ƣаķеĻһһ˵ɸǾڵǸ
һ캣߳ƵĴô͵̬еĵλʲôز
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ȻԸΪһ׺լ֣ɾԲǵβˡ
ֻҪТֺãóĸԸǵĿɽԺ˭
үһ书Ѿ˱衢Բһĵˮƽ˰ɣ䶨ڣɫϹϾ
ų֮ǰ˵ûʦˣһϰţԲǽƾʦָͿġ
ģ߶ǷëǰĴڣ˵ᣬһ;޿
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ߵѧǻĴвͬǰٲصĸȭΪӦѾﵽŵˮ׼ˡ䶨˵˶٣е߲ѵĵʵٲĻİɱƴȭһڰܵô졣
ţôȫĶѧµʶ
˵ͷʳһ⣺ǰٲصʦʲôɵģʲôˮ׼
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΢΢˼ҪԼʵˣΪͽܵİٲѾлˮƽʦ˵ĵ֡
ھģΪӱ𣬳ûаʤ
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ڿʼɲСֵҪͽóô
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вã̲ס˳
Ը϶࿴һۣͷۻ軨ȻܹӦϢλˮʦеŵġ
ȻὫԼаҽ䡷ϵķ˵΢΢һЦҲʲô޵ʿ֪ôϵϢϵһģ
ҵˮô꣬Ҳʶ˼λȦӵѣджϡƵĴֻϢǿҡ
ԭˣ֮ǰ˵ִû޵ߵĴôϵƺ޵ߣʵ
ﺬЦ˵ȷʵ޵ߣֻǶһȱţҪʩչʲôͨġǵȦӸȤĻҿԽǸʶ
˵꣬ȡһƬʸһɽˮͼиϵϵʽ
ܳǲ޵ߣѴ⣬Ƚύһ˵
Ƭֺ˼ƣ֮ǣɵ庣һűԿ׽
˹İѳ͵¥£Ȼױ򿪳ص캣ѧ

ϣᴲϰűԿףعʷ׳ʵһ죬뵽ʲôѧ硢ȦЩͨʮǧԶĴڣɵ˼ɡ
Ҫȥҵױͷˡ
ڶһϼţһ뾭칫ң
绰Ұ칫һˡ
ʲô£ǱѾ˵绰
Ĳһҿ
µһܲŸոյһǴϵģ᰺Ҫˣֱϯҽʦ




38¡ᰵı
 

εҡҡͷܲð칫ҡ
һţͿƤɳϣǰٿľɫգǰ͹̵ģһ˫޳ȣʮ㡣
оЩȣ˶ߵᰶɳֵ¡
һͷǰǴʯԡ
һȵô
ΪȥͻˣϾ˵κ˵ЦЦ˵
ƺоĵЦ̵øˣ˵ϣӣҾƫӣ㻨ʮʯһ۰ɣۣ
ŵɣ̲סЦˣŬЦԶԶԣۣ
һתĻһܿģ
˵ʲôϰʱ䣬עԴǡϵĹȴҲƲס
Ц˵Ҳ˵°ʱͿ˵𣿡
㣡ĵų
˺ˣЦˡԤеҪ쭣æ˰֣ܣ֪һҹʲô鷳أ
ߣ˵Һû鷳һνϢҪ֪ͨ㡣˸ӡ
Ϣʵ
գգ۾Щص˵һϢһϢĸ
ȻǺϢ˼Ļش
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˵ʲôһ
Ÿոհæأᰵĺ֢ҲûκãôͻȻ֮ͱˣ
һı飬ϸһ˿Цݣ˵һû˵أ㼱ʲôֻǽгְλѡ
ҵḶ́˵Ҫ˵һųಡġؿڣʲôϢˣ
˭̣üһкâ֮ǰǲгڳȫˣѵǺϢ
һЦԭϢ˼
гλӣƨɶûأ̨ˣǲе㲻Ӱ
뵽ȥ֮󣬰״ǾԻȡЦԼһһҪΪʲǫ̂;ͷ
ҵʵѡгˣЩʵ
ϼŵƸôϸһʵϰҪԣ˵гҪְλƸ
Źȥ죬᰾еˣô붼ò
˸ӵȻҵˣҽͻְ¾ͿԼˡ
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һϢأʵ
˵ϢᰵüתΪû»ͬƸϯҽʦҶǺһЩɶʩѹҪ󿼺ϯҽʦʸ񡣡
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ЩɬȻ˵û취ϾܲҲĴȨ
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߳ơޣʵȴҪһߴһԼڲĹĶǣҲ֪ҪжǿģܳŵԵˮ©
ҽˮƽ϶ͨ˵ġĿᶨĿų
ⶼܵɱȶȺµҽҩŶǿ̫ˡ
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ڽ硣ᰶ˶٣Ųο˵ص캣ҽѧЭܲһλȨרҶпˣλҽһλҽ
Ŷһôϡ
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룬ֲҵοˣҶǻһЩרң㣬Ҫע⡭
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ͷһʱݺݵľ޵ˡ
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һͷںڳٰбұһµΣʮۣһɫ¶ͣһĸӰȹ£гһ˫޳ȡ
һλĴŮôˡ
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Ц˵ÿŮǧƪһɣȴһ
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Ůƹߵǰһֱèȥ㣬ˣ
Ůȥ֮һС᰻ĥ䣬óĽѡ
һӱŪûȣæƿζֳ˵ƳΣ㶼ˣôСһ
˼ŮƵ˵
ᰵıƳΣΪ㡢뾡κñĺ֢Ƴδ˷ɻҹϻ캣С
Ҳ㡣ᰱƳΣḧ㷢һƬ顣
ǵһο¶ôı飬ɵЩȣ⻹Ǹɽ
ӵһᣬƳתųʵ㣬һ˭㲻Ǻ˵ôôһ칫ң
ᰱʵɫ΢΢һ죬͵гǼεϯҽʦ
ʲô㲻˵õһ֮󣬾ְϯҽʦ𣿡ƳĴᰵĻѳﾡǲ졣
ᰵʱһ֮ɫȻ¸ˡ
ȿȣλãҵϯҽʦǩúͬģɱҸȹϵְλʩʩȻ˵
гλӻûأͱˣҪϯҽʦһְҲŮȥҪʵϰ
˭ð˭ҸȹϵƳβûΣϼϯҽʦְλҵģҵĲŶԣ
Ƴģᰵ˳һۣ˵ҵıãص㣬ҳƺ
˵ֶƳƳΣҲ侲㣬˵




39¡ʳ
 

㣬˵ʲôҶҪϯҽʦƳСľ
һЦ˵ҽˮƽǳǼ뵽һλҽƳӦΪҸ˲Ŷ԰
ʲôҽһҽѵһ𣿱㣬ǲǱһƭˣƳһ˵
ôѾҽѧʿһҽǳƳͬΣ˱ҽ
һ˿֮ɫ룬ڻǾ˵ڣƳΣܹκҵĺ֢ҲΪˣҲҽˮƽҽġ
Сᰲ֪ҽ֣һ˶ĺ֢а취һ־ͼӰЧЩҽǿ̫ˡ
˵ʲôƳᰵĻ¶һȫŵı飬һܹκĺ֢ôܣ
𺳣ֱȳϯҽʦ֮£ƳֻԼа취κñĹֲ
ôܣԼҽѧҰɣϷʵЦ
Ƴλƽһα˵ҽѧңʱһҪ᰼ʱסҪȥѳϼȭˡ
㣬ôƵģõҽҽķƳη߷߲ƽʵ
֮ǰҽҽҲ᰹ֲֶΣѵһܣŲš
ƳƷɫЩȻûпڻش
ּ׵Ʒʽʵ̫ˡ
ܼ򵥰ҰܵСϣȻҵĶҽȥڵĺһĿ˵
㡭û뵽һӾͰƷʽ˵˳ʱƮơ
ƳҲǾˣȻԸⱻһ˰ַŵСϣֱ߸֪
жˣƳģΪСһ𳤴Ƴζ֪ٴᰱԽȻ쭵ĳˡ
㣬⵽ô£㲻ǶԺִܵܵ𣿡Ƴʵ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôΨûжԳų⡭
ƳβɵøȻΪһҽгɵŮҽ֪ᰶ˲ųϵģأûκܹ߸ҽѧԭ
ιòǡ̫ɣƳλҵԺУͻȻ뵽ֿԣϾ֮󣬾ͼʧȥԼأпܲų⡣
ۣƳ仰Ǻÿˮ˳ϹµȥˣҪҪھһҵǲ̫ࣿ
ΪһˣȻһŮ˵̫࣬˿̶޲ѿ֤Լˡ
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ΪҽҲȫκ˵ֻų̫һԡ
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ǡЧȻ㲻׳ôģֺ֢ĸоʵʵĸܵˡ
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ᰶʱõĻЩˣⶼ˵ĸȥˡ
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֮ǰҵĳŵûж֣ǱԲ㣬һгְλȥ᰸ο˵
¶һԭ˵ı飬֮ǰ˵гȻıãƳӣѵĸԸĵ
ȻƳκܲԸ˵Ҳʲôгֻ뵱ŵϯҽʦ
ƳΣ㲻гĻҶþͻᰲǵ˽ʱҾܵ೸ˡĳ
һ£Ƴᰵġ
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ƳſǰƣĴһֻССİɫڻɢһɺϢ
ֻӣüͷ΢΢һǺʳƣ
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ڳһĪı飬Ц֪黹ء
ûͷûβĶԻ̲סʵʲôǺʳƣ
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СĿβ𣿡᰿ƳĴİɫƳ棬Щɡ
Ƴε˵ȻԣֻʳƳѾ˽һˣоú͸ֻҪƳڣֻ£ܰĺ֢øɸɾ
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ƳΣİѺʳƷŽ壬ǾǺͻȻڣˡ
ں˵ʲô˳ĻƳζüðɣѾֻʳ置ιüβ˸һⶼûУôܻẦ㣿
˵ܵĺ֢Ǵ̥ģں꣬ѾĹƳʳĻƻṹʱҳ֣¶ˡ
һƳ͵һΪ˵ǶԵģ
Ȼûпǵôص⡣
ǳѣ߳ûϡͿĺ˱㣬һһ
ƳԽԽľѾһ㱡亹
һƳβ˵㣬Բ𡭡
ƳΣҲΪҺã鲢ûзҲ𡣡ͷο
뵽ƳΪĺ֢һ置ѧϰ᰻Ǻ۵ġ
Ƴۿģһ£гѡ
ˣôԺʳƳָƵӣѵҲһʦƳοųʵ
ҡҡͷҵȻʲôʦֻ˽һЩ置ƶ֪ʶ




40¡ʸ񿼺
 

㲻ǣҪȻһΪǽϽأҿɾĲ㡣ƳΰһڽϽ̵ĹʦǺܼɵġ
Ц˵ɵʲôϽ̵ĹʦΪʲôҪǰϣ
ŶȵȣȻɵϣƭӣҪñ㳴㣡Ƴ˵תͷᰣ㣬һﳴ˺òã
᰹ƳΣˣȷʵѧ㻹Ļȥ캣ҽѧЭܲϯҽʦĿˣʱԸȥ
ģƳһǺãҾͺͳһȥʱͨ˵Ļϯҽʦְλҵˣ
εҡҡͷСôôλãλ±Ӱɣ
ܣûʲô飬ȥˣټվ׼ˡ
ûᰵͷƳξæֵһҪұúأ
ݸһЦ߳ܲð칫ҡ
ʱܿ㣬ȥ᰺ƳΡ
ΪܲãæͲȥҽѧЭܲˡ
Ƴ¥ͣ˶öԷǰ棬һʱ
ûг𣿡֮ͬʵ
ΪϯҽʦȻûгҲ̫˰ɣƳ̲ס˳һ
ʼһǧС㲻Ҳûг
Ϊҹ置ϻ캣У˷ɻֱӸϵܲûлؼҿƳûĽ͵
գֻýù˾СһΪϾɵĺɫǰ캣ҽѧЭܲ
ƳδС󣬲ԼĻ˵ģǼֵǧԪĺʮƳܲˬ˸ʻϣ
ֻõ˾
㿪㡣Ƴθоٲ죬ߴٵҵ»Ҫȥμһۻأ
㲻ǲŸջ𣿾ҪȥμӾۻ᣿
ΪףСع캣УҵҪҾۻᰡƳһڴ˵
ŶһӴš
ԼСʱ󣬳ӵҽѧЭܲſڡ
˳Ҫһ¥ſһڳ̵ӿƳεһɲǣ޵̶ˡ
ڳƳεǰֻǿҲƳЦŮãҽ裬ҽѧЭĿ˲ΣʲôҪæ𣿡
ӴԼʮңһװ¹ڳֵʱ򣬻¶ϵһֻʿֱֵ
˲ЦʱֵģӣԾŮǰҫԼǮ
Ƴθϴʲôޱ˵û£µ
˸Ÿεջ֣ȥ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ǰѾһϾɵķﳵģһȣȻһλƷŮһ𣬼ֱǱˡ
ƳζԳ̬ȣԼܴĶԳʵʲôģ
ҽʦˡĴ
⸱飬Цɢ̬ȣ˳ɹҽʦˣͲýȥˡ
ҹҽʦˣƨ£Ļؾ
㣡ŭһ´ܺãҵҪôˣҾڶ¥Լȥɡ
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λŮ㲻ÿ˵ĻŰɣ㽻ѡҲȥһۣһЦĶƳ˵
Ƴβ䲻ȵĵҪȥ
һ³ܲͨ˵ġ
ٴα䣬ɫڱˣŪ˵Ůûǰ;һʲôõģ˲Σнʮ򣬶Լ˸ÿҲ룬ѵ㽻ѵʸû𣿡
Ҹ˭һ𣬹ʲô£ÿûȤѡƳü΢ᷳ˵
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˾һרңųһĻƳҲҪȥ֪Ҳһ㣬ǲû
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˴ϼǿ˳Ƿеμϯҽʦʸǽҽʸҽѧ֪ʶٴڽпˡרɫϽ˵
û˵ȥžͱˣһ˽߱˵ҲҪεĿš
רԥ˵Ǹ칫ҹģ뿼ŲЭ涨
涨ƶġĻбͨ˵Ļһ˿ʲôϵ
⡭ĻרҲɵóĬˡ
ΪһλҽԺԺľ˾ʮ͵˱ҽѧЭĿ˲Σǰ;Э˭Ҳ׵
ҪɣŲҪֻһݸٵˣݴҲЭƶȣһúİ취
ˣĸҽһҽɨһ£Ǹϵר˵ɣϸݼȥ
ҽרңͶΪۣ¸ߣ޵˵裬űҪһҽ涨Υ
ҽʲôãͱʱ̭ĶǵĻ᳤϶겻ҽβˣϽȥɣﰭ£費ͷĶϸߺȵ
˭˵ҽûõģһЦѾȥˣ裬ôλרң㵽ʱʲôҽβ˵ĲҪ˼ҿҩ
ƳҲĻʮֲˬȻǹѧģҲҽΪĹ屦
õúܣôܵòҾòҲҽβĵ˵ְתרңϸǴҶŸˣҿǿ˲Σкܶ飬Ҷܿ㡣
ϸ˿һҽߣΪ˴µԭԺǿԽвԽǲӡ
ãܺãȥݼٰɣһҽרҡ
ǽרȴΥйҪ˵ͷ߳ȥˡ
ߵǻһյЦʼɣȿʲôţ
һרҿڵǿҽʸ񣬳ʲôѧǷҽʸ֤
ڴѧûҵҲûҽʸ֤ʵش




41¡ȫв
 

̲סЦûҵûҽʸ֤ôҽѧЭμҽʦ˵ģ
һܿҽʸ֤ܳΪһҽҪҽ𣬻ߵĳЩҽҩ˾ϯҽʦҪͨҽѧЭ֤
ҽʸ֤ûУƳκͿרǲˡ
ϼܲõôƸΪϯҽʦģ
ſЦֹ裬˵ôܺЦҵεϼŵϯҽʦֲҽԺҽҽʸ֤˵пޡ
ǸϼŶ»ίУ޷ϯҽʦġר˵
ʵǱᰵĶǺõǸרңûҽʸ֤֮󣬶ùˣֱжʸ㼴ɡ
迴ųЦԭμӵϼϯҽʦĿ˰ǸЦôƸַ
ûҽʸ֤ȷʵûôҪϣܶԳҽˮƽпˣϼֻҪʵѧˡƳ̲סڣΪ绤
ԭϣͨ˵ģǿǶĵϣҽ֤ǹۿ˵͡
ɫԵƳ̰ţƤЦⲻЦ˵ŮĿƺҲϼŵģðɣҾ͸ŮһӣüλרҿһСӵҽˮƽ
ר΢ɼüͷɵĽȴһŸ鷳ֻεĿڵǾͽҽѧ֪ʶڵĿ˰ɡ
ҽѧרҶѶȺܸߵҽѧ⡣
Ȼÿ˾׼⣬ȴһҲûд
һ£ΪƳζЩˡ
ѵһҽѧƭӻ
ϵıģרһ֮󣬱̲סڼЦһ֪ˮƽʲôϯҽʦȥҽԺӶûҪڿԹˣ
ҲҽѧרҵشЩҽѧϵһȻݶҵҽ˵ģġ
ҽѧ֪ʶһϲͨҽˣûҽ˾͸ոˣ޼ɵĳ
רҲǰ˵ǵĿˣǴﲻϼϯҽʦְҪģذɡ
ǲܽƾ̸ͷҵҽˮƽǻٴϻھͿֳ֤ǿЩŭ˵
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뵽ϳʳƵ飬;óӦһʲôҽѧ⺺
ҲԣͨٴϿ˵ĻҪӦҳ迴ƳЦ
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е㾪ȵĿλСŮϻϯҽʦλҪҪأôỹȫȡˣȻŮĺ룬رŮ˼Ѳ¡
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ٴҪҽԺȥΪҽԺв˿ơרŬ˵
ЦЦȥҽԺô鷳ˣĸλǲˣҿԸǵϡ
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ϸɫһ䣬漴ҧҧ˵ãʩɡ
֮ǰ׼ȷ˵Ĳ;óǷ֮ˣԼôѳкη
ϸ£ͽע֮ڣ׼ϸϡ
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ȡ룬ϸ˵ڿȼһ·βǲǺǰһ
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裬֮ǰ˵ҽûãõľҽβͼӰЧҽͼµƳ̿ɱȵ𣿡裬˵
ɫһǵͨ죬߳ŭ˵˵κ˾κˣ֪ǲǺϸͨһƭң
ողźϸ˳ͻ˵ϸΪװԼء
ȴǿɵһ裬ڳУϸĲûкãʵҽѧˮƽ͵ˡ
ʱרѾڵղ˵ǶмҲһ°ɡ
ϸĲͨʱǰ仯жϳȻҪߵ
רҾԼĲ޷һ۾ֵܷġ
䣬Ҳ˵θһĴָ
רһɫͱˡ
ôģ
ҲܲĿų֪жϵʲô
ҽȻеֶΣһ֪־磬ֱҽ֮ˡ
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˵㳣ƣθĤѾ⵽ˣǿҲӰ죬ٲƵĻԱԣʱֹǲǶ񲡡
רԣȻһûнƵƣȴһֱûϣΪһҽѧרҷԼ״ӣǳѣ롣
һأ޻˵ˡ
˵ҽרҵĲ飬Լûע⵽֢
ͬʱǿҽҩ˶ʱԳѣʾл




42¡ϵ
 

ų仰֮䣬ͰλרҵĲƷ˵װףҶԷķڷƳβòٴζԳĿ࿴
ԼҽѧˮƽǾͰѲκõġ
ȵȣ㻹û˵һʲôأɲ˵ֻҪ˵ҵĲ֢ĸ˸㿼ͨҲһƱ
ҽѧЭĿǼϸģһƱƣϾҽʦǾԲģһӹҽҹأԺ˵Ҫ¹ʡ
ϵµĿһ飬ζʵҪ˵𣿡
Ͻ˵ҵҪ˵ʲô˵ӶԼʮ㡣
ǻһĨŹֵЦ㻼й
ô֪ģѿڶϽס͡
˿޲øԼһƣⲻǱ˳˵ö
ɫǳ˽ɫ˵ȥʵ̫ˡ
رֳƳλŮ
Ҳ֪й֪ڷù࣬з˵
ԾĿų㶼֪
ҪɳǲǵԼˡ
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֮ǰ껵ҩ˾Źζ治жõ׳ҩ
㡢Ƶİ취𣿡ĿεĿų
һҲ˲ʲôƤˣйһֱ꣬ҷøҩûЧֻܿ׳ҩά۷磬ж
ЦЦǿԸεģʳ˳ĳ࣬ЩԶ˻˲ٵĺ֢ԡ
ʲôһɫѿ÷·˼ʺ֡ڣܲ𣿡
ҿԿҩķӣ֮ǰ˵òҲҽβ𣿡ЦЦ˵
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ȻЦݵķǣΪͿԺŪг⣬ȾӦøλҽǸ
ⲻܣҪԼϸǸҪӵˣô
ЦӾ͵ų׷˰ɡ
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ȽϹҾͶ˵㶥ײ˾ʱʯͷԼĽţɱ𷴹ң費м˵
΢΢ҡͷⳡеʶҲ˵ײ˾ģֻѾڶװ෿ˡ
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ܿ죬Ͼ͵ҽѧЭܲɵ߽ңһӭȥ϶Ц˵ҽôЭҲ֪ͨһˡϽûмʱӭӣҽҪְ
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ϾȻͳʶһƺΪҽΪԼĶˡ
Ҳȫ벻һͶԳϹϾǵҽѧЭ᳤캣ҽѧ̩
Ƴգž˿ϣֿ˿һһСǲǸ㷴ˣ
ϣֻμϼҪϯҽʦ˶ѣͲ鷳صعӴˡվ΢΢Ц
ϿЦһԳҽˮƽ˭ʸ񿼺ǻࡣ
Ǻǣǻ˲ͨˣҲΰ˵ţĿת衣
ﲻ˼˵Ѿϸ˵ˣⲻóҽͨ裬ΥЭ涨ҽЭˣ
谤˽ôһԴǵѵ⣬ɫֵ̿վ˵ϣҲ֪ʶģҪǳ˵ĻҲÿ˶ˡ
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ʲôʱɫ䣬ϣһʱͿ˴Ҿ˾˵ķϣһλɡ
˾֪ΪҲǸˣ裬͸뿪ЭɣϺ˵
һһӶײˣû뵽˳Ȼص˹ȫ޷ܡ
Ǹҽʦ˿Ҳ˵ЩʲôˣнڣﻹͶƱ
ҽĴ֪𣿡תԳʵ
˵ͷֻҪͨ˾Уûҿ˰ɣ
˵վ׼뿪
Ȼԣҽߣ˱һǾ콻ϼŵġ
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عʲôҲû˵ϵıֽˢˢˢд¼в֡
дҩ֮ȴûн裬ǽϸ
κòĻȥϸҩɡааһЦת߳
ϸ˷·һ

Ƴθų¶¥ͻȻ뵽ʲôӣղŲ˵Ҷв㻹û˵ҵĲ֢ʲôأ
һֱԼĽ״עأûԼʲôصҪ˵ʲô




43¡Ƴε
 

ߵһ¥¥ݿڣתƳΣ¶һζЦ˵置󣬾һֱѺʳƴϰɣ
ûʲô𣿡Ƴκʵ
Це˵Ȼ⣬ʳԺΪʳϣ㲻֪ȡڵĺö֮˥ʢͻ᳤ӡë桭
޳ܡԽ˵ԽףƳɺ죬Ļ
Ų㣬㳤ôƯԺҪǱëӣǿɾʹĲŹˡԽ˵ԽκܺЦ
ҡšƳ뵽Լë붼ÿ£Ҫǻˣʲô취𣿡
취ܼ򵥣ֻҪѺʳƴϾͺˡ
УΪ벻ְ취𣿡Ƴΰ˳һֻۣʳ˺þãҲ
ЦЦ˵Ҳˣʳһ֮ͻԶ붬ߣҰϣԺһʱô࣬뿴Ҫˡ
Ƴ̲סһڣ˭ᾭһ𰡣åСԺԾԶ֮Һʳô󣬽һأ
ðԺ󳤺ӡëûҪ޲ȥɱôΡǿЦ˵
Ƴһ˾״̬Ǻ᲻ýʳƣǳ˵ֲ״Ҳ̫ˣζܲ˵ġ
գŴС㻹ЭˣԸ̯ƣʳƳ;ĴĴ
ָĴƳεĻѺʳƽ˹
ƺƳδƵջֱۣвĿ˵ҪúöԴҵĺʳƣҪʲô£СҪÿ
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ʱ֪ˡһЦת߳һ¥
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磬ô粻ȥɣƳһ겻캣Уôȥ¿İֻʳ棡һȫơױݾµİ׸
ֻʳ캣ߵѵȼߵľưɣȥһϣܻȥʮʮ
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ͣڸһԼĺѾȲҪȥһˡ
ƳҲһȥʹӦˣϾҪָλٷأͺȺúáύһ¡
ߵӹ˾ϾɷﳵǰңؿȴһЦ˵٣Ϳֳ
ĻҲ׷ȥǺ֪װôקĳʲôΡ
ǿʮƷʱҲ̲ͬסЦ
ֳЩ˵ֱͺһûʲô͸ǿö
ʲô𣿡תʵ
ЦԼûʲô⣬Ƴ
˵꣬ƳѾߵﳵǰ򿪳ʻλϣֵ棬Ҫһ𣿡
ɫһ±÷ǳѿѾѳǺˡ




44¡쭳
 

ƳΣһ˵ĳɡҡҡͷƳߵһŮĳ˽ȥ
棬˵٣·ɡ
ߣֻʳԶأţٶ̫ϡһԼıۣһŲȾš
·ϾҪһسóʶƳ˦һβǶô¡
ȺƽʱĶ쭳öˣһɫ֪Ҫʲô
Ǵһڣһȥ𲽾ͰѳԶԶ˦
ǲİѳӿҽѧЭĴţһ㶼ı˦ӡ
ƳμƵģеļ˵ҪҪҪǱ˦Ļǿ϶ҪȡЦˣ
á˵
ǰű·ϼۣºӾ쿴ƷӰˣĵ֮ɵƣƳǰ˶˰ɣ
ܿ죬һںתһĽֵ·ϵĳȻȺ׵ĸҲò³١
ʱķﳵ۵ĺӾԽԽܿͳһ
ϵЦʧںӾ￴ȻˮĳԽһڶ̶ʱھ׷ţֱֳӰźõ쭳һ
٣·ܲܿ㣿ĳ򿪣¶ЦЦ
̫磡ݺݵһţ۳ٶһһλ
·ϵĳ̫ˣһԺ۸쭳ĳ֣ȴûöãֳӵ·ϣҲ첻
͸ۣѾԤ֪ǰ泵ı仯֮󣬸֪ͷӦõ˼ԳӵƿѾﵽĵز
ӵ·ϴķɳۣܿ׷ıۡ
⻹û֮꣬󣬳ķѾ嵽ǰͷȻȺ˼УһĳԽǵĺϵ˵ǰͷ
ôֵĺȻһϾɵķﳬԽԼܺõĸǶ޹⣬ôγˡ
ʱһֻųһֲֻٿط̣Ҫжж⡣
ǰһϳߵľɫٵˣƳζΪѧԱˡ
㳵ôôģƳ˷ܵʵǵĺһһˬˡ
תһЦΪŰ
УٳˣְֳҵҲҪʮܴﵽƳκĵ
ƽʱҲйעһЩ˶Щǣûгˮƽ
˦ں棬˳ص°ֻʳλãٶȲû˼һ֡
ۿ밮ֻʳԽԽ·ϵĳҲԽԽϡ٣ȫ˺̵ơ·ٺͷˡ
ѾαƴٶȵıҪյǰϳ
Ⱦţı֮һǰͳ塣
ۿĳԽԽҲụ̂Ҫڼ޵Ŀռﳬĳ
һתͷȴûаպþ룬ݺݵĺ·ϵĻ˸ܵĽӴ
һĦıŻ˰ֻʳſڡ
ֻǳһִ߳ıǰ汻ε֧ĳҡҡͷ
³ԾδղΪ˳Խĳǲȥˡ
ȻղûгԼİŪðУҪʮֱѼˡ
ŭڣҡͷʱŭĵҵĳŪ𣿡
٣Ϊ˳Լײôˣǹһȵ
㳵оˣôǮΪ˼ʮ͸ˣɣƳҲǻ
ıۻٳӣҲֻá
ƳεĻȴѪʮͲǮƵģȻǮһҪôǮ޳ҲЩ۵ġ
һڸִưſڣıۣǳһû뵽Ϊ˺ͳ쭳Ҫˡ
𾪵ǳĳֱ񣬾ǵӰĳҲˡ
˶ˣֻܺ޺޵˵ٺʲôãǿһǽȥɣ
ȻļȲˬҲֻװȵӣк˽밮ֻʳ
컹ûڣҺưɾѾƻԻֻͣʳװ޹ȷʵݳޣһҹǣѧУǼҹҪǿϼΡ
һȥ߾͸һŴ۵Ůڹţʺá
ЩӭŮɵɫðֻʳ캣еһĴưɡ
ͷǰ棬ưɾϽӭЦ˵ӭ٣١
ôӣ֪ﲻٴˡ
Ѹջ캣УҸӷϴֱӿۻɡʩʩȻ˵
ưɾЦ˼٣ۻѾˣô
ŶȻ˰ۻе죬Ǿɡ
ۻǰֻʳߵεİᣬѶҪʮ򣬶һҪһݡ
ĸҲлµۻƳǰչһȴû뵽ۻǰˡ
˽ܿơơСԺ͹ֵ̣˼ƿֵĺƣϼʮˣһԵľưɾϲԽ
ô٣ûּĺɣĵɳϣĿų
˵ȷʵû
ߣû黹أҫĶųֻ֪ʳıǸһٸӣ㶼ҽ
ŶʲôΪȻʵ
ЦһҴư캣дүģûһŶ㶮˰ɣ
ղΪԭ˼ʮ޳ѣڻڻҪڳǰҫһԼıͼʶӶһ
ٿǺүµĴнģΪܰһǻ٣Ǹôƺţ
͵ĿǸһۣ˵٣û뵽㻹ǵϴθ˵Ĵаλнϸ磬´νܸʶ
жٵĸʱܳǾллˡ
ûʲôҺϸĽ飬ͼ仰ѡ˵ţʾų˼ĴжʶСקһ
ȴһ벻ںģƽĵֻ˵ɺױ˵ϸλ




45¡ܹ
 

ڣ
˶ЦһҲ̫װ˰ɣ˵ɺױһ
٣λֵܿܶӰҪཻɿ˵
һ£ŪƵĿųȻֱүү֣һ֪ڲװλǳУ˿ƺǴģ
Ҳ֪ǰһΪֻʶʲôϸ硣ЦЦĻؾ
ʱһЦͱǰװˣ̶ֳҲһЩϴĴ˵Ȼ󵱳ɴƵıǮѣ㣬֪ϴɵһ𣿡
ʲô£
ϴոհѳӸʰˣ£϶֪˰ɣѹŪ˵
ΪҪ˵ڹɽ¥£û뵽ȴǺǸʲôйء
ȷʵû˵ʵĻش
û˵ͱ𵽴װױ˴ģٳû
ҲεĶԳͶȥĵĿ⣬ͬʱ׷״񣬼ʶ㣬ϴµĴжܽύõ
ˣټʶٲϴ´Ҷ˵ȥһ棬ֹһƣĵĿƳ˵Ƴλع飬Ⱦһ
Ʊһ
ҽ쾡ĺȡ棬飡ʮ˵
˻һ衢ȾƲȭֲ
ƳȻԸڳĻмýãҲǺǺȾɣʮֿĵ̸Ц
ЩǾ棬һһģһ
ΨȫʶȻǸոձĳһѣҲǰѳһúܺõСӣҪǽɽȦӣȫܵġ
ЩǶİȻľóǲһˡ
ҲЩ˵ֻǸƳһӣǵư
յƷźƣˮСԣҲúڡ
һСأмŮѾȥʱе衣
Ƴκ˾ƺСͨ죬˷ܣҲߵ趯
置һƳλþԸƻˣͷһѾõ顣
Ƴǹɫǰ͹̵ħģֱ˲
ԵĿⶼƳεȥҲƲ۾ŮѵҲ⣬ΪƳαеǧСǶҪϺüΡ
ĿаĶסƳΣͣſˮͻȻվ߽أʾÿһЦĿƳεƳΣɣ
Լ˻Ƴͣ˵߿Ҳ衣
ѣ㲻ҲҰɣƤЦʵ
ƳһֱۣǰȻһЦɡ
һȴ˶ˣЩ˶Ƴεѣ֪һĶ컹ǵһμһ֣衣
ǵôںݺݵơ
ѵƳĺ˷ŷ
û˻ţƳĻῴϳСӡ
ɫ࣬߳غݺݹһھƣĿҪСӸըˣ
ʶľ͸ҪǸҺƳ裬ұֻ֤߲ʳԣĿѪĳųȵ
ȴĻţƳν棬˵ģ۾ȴ峺鶯һ֪ûƣѵúܡ
ƣҲյϢǲˡǸһĨаȵЦ⣬ͻȻƳεգĥ˵
Ƴһ˿ңûӦоʵס
ǲӴģƳβŴ󵨵ƣ
û뵽ȴΪһ赸˲Ƴδֲ
һֻ§Ƴ޹ǵ֫ƤϸĴУվţҲһ֮ɫּƷŮ˵Ķǲܵġ
ιϿſңǼһԻ㲻ġƳּҧӣ˵
ǹ𣬵͵͵Ц㲻ҽأҲô
Ƴһϣȷʵ裬Ǩŭϵġ
ɡҲ谡Ƴκ޵˵
Ҿֻ裬ȻҪۡ
УֵЦ޾壬һֲݾܾİԵѾ΢Ƴ˵࣬Ҳķ
㡭ƳθоԼͷʼˣֻɳ貽
һִֻƳεһֻʮָۣŵĽ衣
ʱ˵Ŀⶼ۵Ƕ˵ϣǶû뵽Ȼô󵨣Ƴȴûһ˿һĿܣ⻹ʶǸŴС
ܽӴĶˣɫԽԽˡ
׷ƳôãֶûȻƳ§ܶܲķߺץ
Ƴǰ͸ľӣˮӯӯС§˼֣˾ˡ
Ƴεİؽڳϣߵ̲ס۾һŷС¹ײ
˫۵Ƴƺо綼ɿת趯·ɵξɵһ˿ϣԶȥ뷨
ͷһƳξøˣźͳʶãûû뷨ɫåǱȫȫĴˡ
ƳαĿܵӣ˸¶˼ı飬ͳȻУѵʲôرħ
һˣƳŻعһ۾Ϳаȶ˵Цݣߵӡȥæѳһ߳ء
ҲǼҪɱ˵Ŀ߻ԼλǸжٵĸͻȻƱһˮ˳һƬ½ǡ
ͬʱٰʹ˸ɫ
˵Ҳ⣬߳ᣬ׼ȥϴּһ±ʪ·
ϴּʱŶ߳ᣬ˵ȥСһ¡
Ҷ֪ȥʲôģСӸҺŮˣ¿϶군ˣ
ϴּ˼ֽ½ǣͶپ˽˰Χǽߡ
ʲôһˣġǽڣζЦ
ŭĿԲ˭ģӸղž;㲻Ƴ裬ǲû
һĦȭƣһԾԾԵģֻһ£ͺݺݵĽѵСһ١




46¡ϸ
 

ˣ㻹˵֤ҽֻ߲ʳ𣿡Ӷ䣬˵
ŭ𲻶˸˵ûΪ˵˵ѣ뿪ֻʳҲųȥ٣
˾ȭͷҪк
ɹŴݲȵЦ⣬ͶٵȭͷҪʱͻȻָֿ׼˵Сϵһ¡
ָƺʹȴͶٵĶ˲佩ڿУ·𶨸һ㡣
ɫ䣬ͻȻŶӳ
΢΢һЦ߳ϴּ䡣
뿪ĻϾͱóˡ
ղָõ˵ѨϣǸкʹҪذ
߻ᣬ˾Ŀ
Ϊ϶׵Ļһ鶼ûУѵٷһ
ƳȻղű۸ʱҲС˹ǵʵûôɣ
㿴µ𣿡Ϲһ˿޵Ц⣬Ƶ¶߲·ˡ
߲·Ƴȫ˵ʲô
Ȼû£Ҳֵ̫ĵӣֻصǱˡ
Сʱ֮Ͷ˰ѶеĶˣ໥šһήҵ߳ϴּ䡣
Ǹ˵֪ʲôֽţӽһҪŪҧгݵ˵
ôã˵ġ
Ҳɫѵ˵٣Сӡеаš
ߵưɴʱͻȻһˣʱһϲڳЦӭȥϸ磬þò
ӼⷢĿ׺и׻кһＷЦݵԭ٣ֻʳƤˣ
ƤģһСӽһ㬵ĵ
ϸҲŵϵĳζü˸ǵͷ𣿡
ˣֲϸǴмߵĶպգû˸ǡ
仰ϸɫ΢䣬ѹ٣ƽʱЦԣĴжۣɲ˵
һСʵϸ磬ѵۻǱĴаˣ
ǰϴүжˣ濪칦磬ЩСĸǱݻġϸսߵ
Ͷٵ϶¶֮ɫû뵽ԼȻʹ˵еĳоô
ν칦磬Ҳʲô˼϶ϴʰӵĴ֮󣬲ףġ
ϸ磬ҵȱƣ˳һһ³ӣǸѰһСӣ档
Ǻǣڲ̫㰡ϸŹֵ˵
ﲻ֪ڰʾʲôҪǮ
ʵ˵Ĺϵû֮ǰǰôãϸ粢Ϊǵ֥С£ڴƤְء
ϸ磬ֻҪҽѵһСӣҽԺɸһأҿԳϸȾơһ֡
ϸƺΪѵӣԥ˵ϴŸ˸ţͷеͷԸǲҪ¡
ʮôҧҧ
뵽ǸɱǧСӣҲǻȥˣΪʧǮһ򣬻ؼҺҪһ
ϸͷӦЩǮȥֵˡ
ϸ統ʮתˣϽĸСܣһ
һڸǿ׳ʵ಻ơؿֱϸĴ󺺽һΪʲô¡
λ֮ǰ˵ϸ磬ļλֵܡվ˳Ľܵ
˷׷ϸкϸá
û뵽İϸˣЩȻҲƣϴеʵûϸǸƣһʱ䶼סˡ
ͬʱҲıòϸִжùţȰ
ĽĿ⣬ЩƮƮȻΨûվϸʺãɫֳȥ
ϸ磬ǸСӾ֮ǰ˵ģг˵
ϸ翴ɭɭЦСͦܵİٶҵҲϵİ
ҲǵϵģʶˡϾţû˼
ϸ类ĻúȻһЦŶļ˵
ɣױ򡣡֡

ϸĸС̲ܶסЦ·û˵ôЦЦ
ҲЦ˰ҡͷСͷ֪ô
ֳƳﲻϸʲôģֻû뵽ֵزȻôĵ
Сţưϴүʶϸ˵ţ͵ЦݣҸ㣬ȫжڶۻ־ȥ˵ʶ
ֻǸѧûȤμʲôеľۻᡣɺױǶڰֻʳɲΪ⣬Ҳùȥ
һΪأԭҲһ˻ֵϣСӺúɶһ½ǣϸ粻ͳϻˣֱӶĸС´
ĸ׳׷¶׺ݵı飬ĦȭƵ
ǲ˴㵵Ŀ£Ƴλ˳ǰ
һλòĴŮǰĸ׳ͣ
ϸҲƳεɫ޵ˣ̰Ķ˼󣬲ſǣ浽ǹϵҪʲô˼
ƳΣÿСʲôֵе
ƳҡҡͷתԳǸȻҺ㱻Ǻޣھͻ뿪ɣ˺ҵġ
ΪʲôҪ뿪һЦƳ
һĻЦҪھͶ¹ģҿϸֵ㡣
ʲôϸ̺ҵǸҲ㡣˫ֲޱĻؾ
ϸ仰¶һĨ̵ɫֻɼ£û뵽СӿֵزֵǣŪ
ĸ׳Ѱ಻סƻȥһ룬ǵ·һ󿨳ݺײϣɳȥ
еˤذ塢еˤǽϣеˤϣľƱ̡ײһأҲײ·ɽŵæ
ڳ˷·ɵһľĿųȻƺûһ£Ͱĸ󺺸ˡ
һѵǴ˵еָ֣
ԭΪҪʧɫƳΣɴ۾һŵı顣
ǰˣȻǿֵز
֮ǰΪֻһҽеѡ




47¡үã
 

Ͷ뵹һǸղŻϴּγǳ֮ǰһ
˲˼۹Уһߵϸǰ÷·ԾڤҵǸĻü
ϸĶų־ŭû뵽ԼĸСܣȻһˣǺֲ֣Լٺ֣ѻʯ
㡢⣬ЩǸһаٵĴֵ֣ģͱˣᣬҹȥۻϸݺҧ
㻹ûװҡҡͷˣȥɹҰɡ
˵ת߻λʩʩȻ
ֱĻݺһ£СӸòΪԼӮ˼ආͿԸ˵еϴа˰ɣ
ʵ̫ˣ
ϸһ£ܳ
ͲŴǻڿ칦ʱһ֪СӣǵĵҰ
һλгСӳԲ˶ߣ
ϸۻȥָֻ˵֮ɫԳЦˣȻǵϴͷϣѰ·
˶һּŹֵų·ڿһˡ
ܴôЩˣעǲǵġ
ЩȻﶼбǵֻʳⳬеĵҲҪؾصģʲôʱֹ£
Ψһʹϴ£ϴᡣ
˶ýϾͻ˳һϢʧ
ȻԵõƷƣƳ١
˶Զʱȴߵּ˵ڸϽ뿪ɣʲôϴ϶ǲǵģ
òǣ¿֪ˣ΢΢һЦһƵݵƳУȱѹѹɡ
Ƴһ£ƱѾУԳʡ
ʱˣʱƵƷƣ
ܺȾͶȵɣԺԶûˣļ

Ǳϸϻ̳Ͽֵ˵ۻһžͿǰһŴҸһ̬졢Ʊ˵ĴУһͷһΰϵӣһİ̺ۣɡ
ϸдһͬȥô˫۾ţϸ֧Ųס˫ȷˡ
ϣʲô𣿡׵ױʵ
µˣʱӦôСѲ߲ŶԣôͻȻۻˣ
סүиͦСӣǼֵܡϹӣսսĴ
ױԣɫŭʲôˣȻҵǵĵҰ
СӲҰ˵˵ҪүȥͷҲ̧Ϊ˵仰
ڳеĴһȫЦˣȻ˸ǵϴȥǶĿԼô
ɲŭЦױױȥ°ɡ
ױ˵ͷʾⰢϴ·߱ʵ˵С֪ʲô𣿡
ֻ֪ģǺַˣʲôʵ˵
Ļȴɺױɫˣֱվʵ˵ʲô˵һǸ˵֣
ϱһݴĻشг
ߣ˶ҹȥɫϲŭĴ
˳ȥȻ֪ϴҪʲôȻϴ˶Ѹɵ
ڵĳѰ϶ˣһëͷСӣõϴȫӢô
㸲еĵ̣ûô̰
ϻɵɵվԭأױһǣ͵һȥ
ͻȻӵƤЬȵ׷⿴ȥ
һ˶𾪵Ըӡ
ֱǵӰǼʢ氡
лǰͷʮ㣬ѹѹĸһװУɷЦ滢ǣѹ˼Ҫ
ںͷİϺһȣﻹ֮ǰ׺ʣֱһֻ޺Сˡ
ʲôʱ̣һɫףҳһڡ
Ȼ֪ɳôͷλĴУ¶µóǾǴ˵еϴ
ǿѹסĵη壬ǰһ˵ϴɣҽлϴ

δ˵꣬ͱһ֣ȵһȥ
æܹȥסֻŤѪȻһ£ȫûκ档
ɴױڴоֱǰϹϾĹүã




48¡طת
 

ĴǼϴô̬ȳƺﻹ֪ʲôɺ
үã
λжֵ׳ѧ֣ʮ㣬ڳ˶Ŵˡ
ͬ׺䶥ǰĳ𺳵ĿɿڴһĻһӶˣ
˵Ҳûõ˶٣ÿ˶׻ľͷһվţֻ۾մĿų
ڳԵƳҲʧɫʧ״̬
ɺж£ЩȻûۼҲĳ˵
캣졢绽ϴھȻһʮͨ˹ֳܲޱȡ
ѵıͨ죬ϴ
ˣڳĸǾĿ⾪壬ԭأǵļʶĶʲô
֮ȣʶһСආֱϴ׳Ƴֱһһأ
ɣңҲôôɣ˶Żˡɳϣ˵
ʵǺܵ͵һˣ治ô棬ôΰ
үҿǲˡЦ˵ЩֵܶհһݣԺĸˣҲТǣ
һЦТˣֻҪ±ҾС
Ļﲻʲô˼תȥɫİϣȵȻүҵ
͵һ£˵ɵĸǰĵԲ𡢶Բ۲ʶ̩ɽ֪үүʶĶԲ𰡣
۵Ĵױ߹ȥ˰һơ
µˣȻϳױҲЩĳǨŭԼ
ֻһںƣûʲôʾ
˿̰Ѿ˵ƴǸױһƺͻȻʲôתͷԹ޵ĿүϴСӽҳֵģ֮ǰ֪飬Ϲ˹۵ɵƣȥү
˵״蹷ĳŹ
ձɴһǣûֱͷȭһ٣ʹϸ磡ˣ֪ˣҲˣ
һڸǿƨǱģȴûһ˸ȥȰ衣
Ķ٣Ҳֻһɪɪ˵ȥֹϣԼǣ㲻ˡ
Щƽʱֵܣ˵ֻǾѣҪΪȥԿϴ󣬾е̫߹ǵˡ
ˣ˴ˡڿڣһͣȭͷ
ʱѾñףһſϿ˺üӣֱ࣬ȥҪжҡ
ĿĿ֪Լ𣿡
ǡҲ֪ôúͳүŮˡɥͷ˵
ۣ
ĻĺƶһԻ·Ҳ̫ˣ
һߵƳغϧߵӿȥʮ
עλŮЦ˵үɩòɣֱǾ䡣
ʲôɩӣҺͳֻѣ㡢㲻ҪҳƺƳߺ
ЦЦÿɷ
¶һζЦݣүɩӻû췹
ҲҶ죬תʵү˰СˣƲۻҺֵүúúһ
ҪһһȣȻǱˡ
Ѿ˼˴Ǯû뵽ȴȡ裬СҪ
ƺ뵽ʲôڵСѾԹѵȷŹһΡںȾƣҽѾȹˣԱɡ
ɵͷǣǿˣڽƢԣ֪͵̫
ǳүǾȸˣʲôҪܺҡ˵꣬ͷһ˳
ѹ糱ˮȥ˷׷״һһδɫ
û뵽ᷢչȫ벻ĵزףͬˮһ㣬˵ľת
˶ĿɵĿųӽԺҲСͨˡ
ΪףƳλعеľۻҲζûٺȾƳ衣
һſڵϣҿһۡ
ٵͷڽֱڣȥ
ЩһηҲûа֮ɫһЦվƳ˵Ȼع˾ˣǼɡ
˵Ҫ߳ȥƳͻȻӵĵҸߡ




49¡ǿĳ
 

ǣҽˣһûؼң뿪ˣллǽҾۻᡣƳζǸȻȻų˳ȥ
ݴ͵Ͷ⣬˶ƳεĿͳ뿪
ֻ߳ʳƳϹ˾ƾɷ
ӲŸƳξͰ಻סĵʵҽֲֿú绽ɶ˹㵽ʲôˣ
⣬ҿѡ񲻻ش𣿡ǹһĨǳЦѳ·
Ƴһ˵УҲһݲ׵ˣұĹ˾﹤Σشҡ
ÿ˶ԼܣһشĻԸ⽫ĵܸңΪ𣿡ʵ
ҡƳһ죬˵
תƳεľգ֣˵ЩȻҲ͸¶ҿԱ֤Ҷܻϼţûκζ⡣
Ƴԣҧº촽ȷʵԳ뺦Ļˣαϼţƺ֢
Ȼ᰸ļƳɲţֻһûҵͨѧ
Ͼ𺳣ʵ̫ˡ
Ҫؼһǻع˾ƽʵ
ƳΡһع˵һؼҰɡ
ɫ磬ƾĳܿͰƳ͵ҵĵַһߵС
͸ױ庣ܽҾƳ·˵ᰵļҾ庣Ҳһ
ͻƳκ󣬳ȥϼš
ʱѾ°ʱ䣬հѳ뼯Ŵûһ־ʮ·ڣͣȺƵʱ򣬷ֶ濪һɫķᰡ
Ҳܿ쿴˳ҪкͻȻֱӣʮ·ڵĸܳɫγٶȼĳųᰵĳײ
Щ·𷢷һʲôȫˡ
һݣ᰽еųȥ
ǧһʱ̣ĻҲ룬ŲȾٶ˲䷢ӵ£һ³ɫγİΧȦ
ûôˣϷﳵٱͣȺƣ𲽸ţӳγΧˡ
Ȼһγһͬײķﳵϣĳ˲ײһŷһ֧飬һģر
᰿źӾﱻײɷķ̲סʧ˳
ˣײ϶Ƿˣ
˲ۿͨ죬һĳ˹ȵס
һеĲɲȻӷ˳
γӷﳵ˿
ЩγһɫӣǸոһıɱȴһ㶼ûֳ˼ǰѳͷתᰡ
ǵһĿ꣬ϼŵŮܲã
ʱѾϵķ﷢Ľ˶￴ȥ
أ
ͻȻһ죬ĳƺȭͷǿк俪ˣһӰ˳ǴѲĳ
ʱ˵ˣһһ˺۶ûУֻ·˲٣á
վڷﳵϣĿͬԵڤĹһ㣬γɨӶȥ
ͳһӴЩ˶̲סһԼͬôģ
᰿ȻûһˣʱתΪϲŵĿǿޱȵˡ
γƬ̺󣬺ܿ췴ӦǴӽγ߳ﳵϵĳȥ
Щڼʶǿ֮󣬾Ȼûη壬ûܣǺĬһǰ
ֲͬѰ򾲣óһӾͲ²⵽˺ܿһȺְҵɱ֣
ϣ֪˭һʮĿ׺ְҵɱһȥ
ЩȻֿȭַǳһ㣬ʡȭٶȺĬͨǿˡ
ۿһɱָ߸ȭԭزճһţ
ɱָܵʱ䶼ûУͱݺ߷ɳȥˤڽֵߵһϡ
һֱ֮Ǹɱַɳ߰ףԶԶΧ۵·˶ʱһƬȻ
ƽֻڵϲܿĳȻʵˣԭִֵָĴڣ
ȻЩ·˲ûӰЩɱΧٶȣֻսپȻ뿪
ǵְҵٺáսȽھԵʵǰҲֻù
ڵѾԽˮƽһ߳ǧ˭ȫһǷУ˵ûڵ
ɱǺηĳ治ɫȵվڷﳵϣճţֱߡߡߣһȷɱߵĴɣˤ˸䡣
̶̵ʮڣЩɱ־ʹӹ·ϵֱŵǰһأֽҺ




50¡Ӳӵ
 

Щɱʵ̫Ŀ޷ˣȻڴֱӺֱײײҲ
ȷЩ·̲ס׷׾̾
ᰵҲû뵽ҽȻ˾׵书֡
ɱֶѾŷеĵǣȥ
СģͻȻͫ͵һᰴе
ԭһڵϵɱ֣Ȼ·ͳһѺǹǹ׼ᰣЦŰ°
ɱ̫ˣ
ûֱӳǰΪĿꡣ
ΪɱжԳ֣пܶӵû
飡
ǹڻҫӵţ᰼ȥ
СĶֵʱһкƬǹɱ֣Ӱԭʧ
ǸɱֻûڶǹѨλͱУȫָһ¡
˿̵ĳȫתеǱ
޵ٶȣн·ߣһ쭷磡
Ŀ죬ͨ˸޷Ӱ
Ǹǹɱ̱ڵϣɴ۾Ѱųλá
ٰٶȷһҲ޷׽ƶ켣
ۿӵҪᰵؿڣǧ֮һ֮ǰڳ嵽ᰵǰ
ۣ
ӵûгȫ۵е֮ӵĳ֮ơ
ǿܶȣӵֱӿ˼ûƻࡣ
Ҫ֪ڷﳵڱγӸλײϣġ
ӵûжԳɶƣеʹ
Ѫ˿ȴûһޱᰣǳЦʵû°ɣ
ʧ״̬
ԭɱֶԼǹʱѾ档
û뵽һ룬ͻȻǰסӵ
ľͻȻϣֲʵУվԭأ˵
ǱŻˡһ򶨵ᰣȻĻûлӦ
Ȼʱ˭޷侲
᰷ױѾѪɫȫޣһ˿ϧ֮С
˫һ˻
Ƕضֺŵ㣬óЩ
֮ͻȻһ˳Ļ糺죬å
εֵֻ̯̯ǿ˾ţůĻοѡ
ޣôο˵ǳûռұˣû˵
ͻȻ¶ʹı飺Ӵеˣ
´󼱡

ıһʱǸж
жǳΪԼӵǳеĲλȻβӽƨɵĵط
˿ڲѪΪŮǿ˵ҲǻˣôˣȥҽԺ
ȵȵȡװԼǿʹ࣬һҪɱǵ˭
˵Ϳ첽ɵߵǸǹɱǰ
ôɱֻ֣ܹǹ˵λܿɱ֮ϡ
ڻĵĴǹеѶǷǳߵģȺɱֿ϶ǾöԸô鷳ȫǹֻһ˴Ϊա
˵ʲôģ˪ʵ
ɱһͷȥһ޿ɷӡ
ͦҵЦ
䣬ͻȻһָɱؿһѨλһ㡣
ĵʹ˲ɱֵȫʹĿŤٴλȫ亹乶¡
ҡ˵ɱŬĳ
żʱ䣬һߵְҵɱ־Ͷסʹˡ
ʱҲ˹ͳվһ
ǡһĹǮɱλġɱ촽˵
ԣᰶһۣӶԷ񣬾֪뵽һȥ
ĹᰵĶǡǵĶ껣Ҳзݡ
ݶȻΪϼܲõĴλ͸ɱˣԼֶŮɱ֡
ᰵɫ׳ȥһ²ѡ
ǸպҪ׵ˡ
ɱּ䣬ȴҲʲʲô
ְҵɱֺ͹ʱǲ̫ԷݵģֻҪǮܰ¡
һҲȱؼԵ֤ݡ
ʱǰ洫˾ԭΧ۵·˱ˡ
ЧʷǳߣӾ͸ϵֳ
Լôʮɱֵģᰵֱķﳤȥ
Ҫȥü΢
һղųȻȥ֣ڻռԼļʻλ
뵽֮ǰ뻳ůʵı۰ţᰲС¹ײ




51¡ᰵļ
 

ɺᰣЦЦ˵ȻǻؼҰ
ϧЦݣɫԽԽˡ
Լռˣȴڿȫ⡣
ҳڻǹˣȻԼΣһʱ뵽ؼҡ
Ĳɵ÷һж˸׺ȥүүǵһôںˡ
廹Ǻ˵ĹػǲһģΪСˣûİ
Ƭ̣ҧź촽˵лл㡣
лʲôһϵЦ˵
ߣ˭һϵġ̲סһڣ϶ҶҪأֻǰҲˡ
ҿǸ껵ԸϴΪҲ϶ɱ֮ˡǲᰣϾɥĲ竣ôҪǺ޵ġ
ˣҾλ֪䣬Ѿѳ庣
ᰱ˸ַͻȻʵô֪Ҽģ
Ƴθ˵ġ
һϲźͳأôһʱ䣬ҵĵַ˵ˣ
ʳ飬ѾѳҵСǰͣ
캣ıȺ֮һᰵļҾһС档
ﻷ񣬣泯󺣣Ƭޱ޼ʵĳξεĿ
ᰵķԥķС
СĴһӶӻıѲߣСڻװͷΧǽߴףǽϻзʩ˵һˮ׼
ϾƬСס˼ҶǷǸ˲ϧؽðʩ
ԽСڿȥԽﲻһĴһһĶÿһҵĽ񶼸вͬ
ѳͣһĶͣһ³
ǰһ¥ߵŷʽ񷶥ŵһŹŵǽϵĸ̨ϵĻãȥĿ
߽㿴һĳ߳һλʮҡĿͰ׵Ị̇ӭС㣬ˡ
ţ鷳ȥȡ¼ҽº͵˵
֪ȥҽԺƣ鷳ҳҽԼҲǿԵġ
̿վ·õĳɫ΢ʲôҲûʣȥҽóˡ
ᰰҽų¥ȥ뱻̿ӵͽǡ
̿Ŷ¥֮¶ɫ
С㻹ǵһδİ˻ؼء
һֱŲһ׵ľ룬ѵСĲˣ
İ˭ôһƬѪСʲôϵ
һʺ̵Ժϲǲΰ룬ҡҡͷ߽ˡ
ܣ治ŶһΣɵޡ
û˵㶼ǹˣ˼ҼҵĲã
ʽĿǣһЦſһɳϡ
Ȼǿ֮ǰһٱ֮еѪʱɫҲе㷢ס
ᰱѾ¶ҪˣǿſɳϵǸƣɵɫ΢΢һ죬ԭء
ҪȡβӵĲ֪֡
æҲǲܵġ
ҧҧ᰿ų
Ҫƣת¶һζЦ⡣
ᰵ˵ͷŵġšһ¡
Ҿѿ
åôļᰲɵǻҡǽߡ
ϹЦ˵ȥϯҽʦҪѪˡ
㡢Ѱɣƺ˺ܴľģ۾ȥ
⸱ģҡҡͷеλĿͷˡ
ᰰ۾תͷͦԲʵβ̲סҪг
¥µ᰻Ӳıӣ
һԼȥĶ
ֻǿųǿۿɼӵ˿Ѫ߰ߣȥе㺧ˡ
ΪһŮǿˣ̽˵ܣҪǹˣȴһʱ֮޴롣
ͨҲе˵ı֣ú
þƾСȻСп˿ڣӰӵгˡƽ͵˵
գգ۾ҩ𣿡
ԸҷŸתעƬӿǹһЦݡ
ĿⵥʵʲôƬӣ
ְ鶯Ƭ




52¡
 

åΪҼһƬ𣿡ᰵʱ
һǹˣ᰺Լݺһ١
᰽ߵɫзޣôˣʧ˵ˣЦˣᳪ𣿡
ܾûˡ̾һ˵
ǰ鲻õʱ򣬾ƳȥkѧҵæֱμܲãѾûȥkˡ
Ƴλ᰻ҪҪȥһΣֻǰԼֽܲõݣûпڡ
ֻҪᳪͺáЦСʱܻڴǰҳ裬˯ҩЧҪá
ֲ衣ûİ˳һۡ
˵ȡƹߣС󣬰΢΢İСе˿ڴ
㡣װʹһ̣һ֮ĸ
Ϊˣ
γĸ滺ĴУ˶·λɾ֮С
оԼȫǳֱһױȵܣȫȫУ
˼ƷɫᰳȥֵĻ󼶱ġ
֪䣬ѾȡӵȻ˿ڣȻЩɬյЧȴǳá
û뵽ҲзƵһ죬ллˡϵĸл
ᰵһ۵ҵһθˣź˻úţȥϴ衣
ɱֵʱ;һ亹ڻڣվԡȥ
ݵſɳϣһԡﴫˮ
뵽һOLװˮλĽʱЩˡ
˫Ŀɢϸĵ⣬о綼κϰ͸ԡҵǽڣޱĿԡᰡ
һѱѪ˳ԡһĻʵ̫Խˡ
᰷ų֮ɫˮֱ˫
ٿ覵ǰ͹̣ȶˣƷĪڴˡ
֮󣬳ջĿ⣬ͷаǿѹȥ
ʼ˼ᰵĶǹɱ˵顣
ɲɵڻع˾·ᰣͱײ÷ˡ
ɱûеóѣ϶ưոݡ
Լʱʱ̿һ޷ʱİȫ
˼һֻͨһ롣
үҰʲôԸ𣿡绰ͷܳ
û뵽Ȼ绰
˵ɣұһˡ
˭ү˵
ϼŵܲᰡ
΢΢죬ѵǸ˵еŮܲᰣҲǳүˣ
ȻûмˣҲżȻ˵һŮڰֻʳư￴Ƴβ
ү޸ǳ
ĸ̾һ䣬ȴڵ˵ȻǳүԸǿ϶û⣬ðֵܴܣܰܲñʵʵ
˭ʵ
ڰ¥ģҵǸŮڡ
һˣǸŮӡ̣ͦںڰпֽסķڣǷ֮
ֳмһŮӵԼڣ˵˺ܿأҲܷġ
ɾȻԸԼŮɳᰣ㡣
ɣҾлˡɵİź⣬ƽʱֻҪڰбͺãҪǰ
ףүܷİɡĸлĻŭš
õ˳һ飬Ǽֱŵ̡׬ϼڻֵãԺͺ˵ˡ
˵꣬׼Ҷϵ绰
ͻȻʲô˵˳үȥ庣һű𣿡
΢΢ûУôˣ
͸ү֮ǰҰŮڱүҪĻҿ뿪С˵
ŶǾŰɡôıɲԼɨ
ĶζЦȻүҪʹǣŮһԺƯĽûǳŶ
ʱΪֺ伫
Ҷϵ绰һᣬͿӰԡ˳
һ°ɫ˯£ʪĳɢţһžӨˮΣϴԡ֮ʩĴһĶཿ̲ס
óʿˮǣᰵ˯յģ˯¹˵ģջֱȲƬƻ




53¡˿˯
 

Լеѳֲסˡ
ʲôһȥϴ᰼Լ̲ס
һô޼ɵģǷ
ڨЦӣ̫ϴ
ѵҪ˰ϴ᰺ͮͮϺ
ε˵ҾϴˣҲû·ɻ
һʱ֮䵹û뵽
ҾֻԼסĸ캣У˼ﶼŮ˵·
ҪԼ·һʱ֮ҲʮΪ顣
뵽ǳɥȪˣԼ·ʲô
ᰲСŮˣܿͶ߽ȡһױȽٴ˯ۣ
ӹʸĺɫ˿˯ۣһ£᰻Լ·
һַǳ˽ܵ˯£ܲᰵ㡣
᰼״ҧڷʲôȥϴɣ
عһЦȻ߽ԡȥ˯۹ԡҵ¼ϡ
һ۾ͷˣ¼ϹᰵĸС£ɫ죬ȥǷǡ
ʱҲ뵽ԼȻǰȡˣó˸ˬ
һˣᰶʱߺԼôô⣿
ҪȥŽгȳԼȡҲǾܵġ
Ļ˵˽ﱻ
ߣˣå᰺
ԡˮϴ˸ˮ裬оȫɶˡ
ԡ֮󣬴ᰵ˿˯ۣ˯۵ʸУ˯ۿ϶۸񲻷ƣһġ
մԡ߳ͿᰶԼһЦ
ΪŮ˵˯ۣȥȷʵܻһ˪ᰣҲ̲סЦ˳
ܣȻ㿴Ҵ˯ôģҾͲ˯һ㶼е߳ܵ˵
룡ǲܰ˯͸ġûĵų˵Ƥôô񣬡Ҿ̳ţһӵ·㴩
뷨գҲΪ⣬ֵߵɳǰ£Ц˵Ǿ鷳ˡ
Ҳ˸һ˼ģҲ֪Щʲô
ں֪㵽ʲôˣùڿˡ
ռʱֻֻһûʲôرһͨʵϰ
Ǻչ˾˵ҽһĺ֢ѾһûҵĴѧ԰õˡ
죬ǳ᰹Ŀ࿴û뵽ƽʱɢɢļһͨҽӵž׵书֡
ʲôˣ
ᰴӻؼ֮󣬾һֱ˼⣬ȫûд𰸣ֻǾóʵ̫ˡ
ᰵʣȻһЦ⣬ƳҲʹȻԽҪ͵ĶҲԽࡣ
ܣļʶ۽磬˵ֻһͨˣ϶šڣֻǣÿ˶Լܣֻ˵ҵҽ书һλˣλ˭ҾͲ˵ˡ
ⷬĻ˼ǰΣѡš
֪кܶ˵ĴڣԼĲɾǺһλ˵Ůͽ̵ܽģʱûλ˵Ŀ
Щ˶ӼԸΪ˴Уһ˴Լһѧ
Ӧþ츳Եˣᣬ͵õ˸˵ĴС
ͨ챾죬δ˵ǰ;ġ
ֻҪıԲҲȥıΪԼüɡ
ǳԼôǵɱ˶ƾ͵óˡ
û뵽Լ֮УȻõ˳ţүү֮飬ܹȥ
˵ĻΣҵϵĸл㡣᰽Ѿǵڶ˵˸л
ǰ˵ȫ˼ġ
óᰲĮԸѾڳӰ֮£ʼǱĬתˡ
ܵᰵı仯ҲǸеο΢Ц˵ܣлĻͲض˵ˣЩɱֱĹӶˣĶǣҿҪضԴ
ȻϾͻȥǹӶɱֵ֤ݣͬʱṩһݽɱּųֵ¼ڹֻҪо룬ʱھͲ˵ţĿкŮǿ˵ȫֳ
ڲǷǳпģһֱǾֻ·һ




54¡ᰵת
 

η񣬳
ͨŮɱ֣Ѿŵܿǵη
᰷ǵûоʧ룬ǵ˺ӦȷӦԣò˵Ů˵˼άʶʮǿ
о飬ټϳ˰бᰣҲڶʱ
ʱ¥´̵С㣬ˡ
̣ԷӦһȻԳ˵ȥɡ
¥ֻѾһڵķˣ˱Ƕó̲סʳָ󶯡
С㣬˼Ҳ֪컹пûôˡе㲻˼˵
˵䣬۽ǵһֱڿųΪϣȻС˯ֱۣ̫Ծˣ
ᰶ˵̶ȵж̿ģȻԸԼ˯۸һ˴ĵ顣
̵ܵĿ⣬ЦЦûϵҺģˣҽг㲻ĻҲ̰ɡ
⡢⡣ЦǺǵ˵
СĿˣҿ˹ϵܲѰôȥ⡣
Ŀ˳һۣһŵһԼҾô죬̶еôУû취
һĿˡ
Ȼʱִ٣̻Ƕˣղ˵ķ˲Ҳֻǿ֮ԡ
˸ڣ̲סû뵽̵ĳվȻôá
̣Ĳʵ̫óˣӣֱжÿˡ
ǺǣóԾͶԵɡ˳ĻʮãСᣬ;ô𰡡
ʱʽ̣ܵǼŵϯҽʦܹҵĺ֢ҲŰ
һ¶ϲ֮飬СĹֲȻˣ
ǿᰳģᰵĺ֢жҽΣȻ֪һ
ôںҽԹ캮֢޲ߣͲʮͷˣȻܹεСĲ
̲ס࿴˳ۣôҲһֻشҽ
ᰴ˵ٻţκ֢ġ
ֻ˵˲òࡢˮɶ
ʮˣڼСĺ֢ҽΣ̵ۿɵúĺϢ
С㣬ĲҪܹκãǿϲɺأĸĸ֪ˣҲԻǳĵġĨ۽ǣЩ˵
̿ҪϲӣᰴΪ˵̣ЩллһֱտңʹҵĲβãҲѽ
仰̸жԸӣеˮҪֹסˡ
⸱ܰ棬óҲǰпᰵĸĸߣͺסôһլ϶һ
İɣһκܵĲ˵ʮֵİա
еŸȾ̣תм˵үллǼСĲͿˡ
̶Գĳƺˣг˾أĵλѾһ߶ȡ
̣̫ˣֱӽ־Сһα˳үʱоֵֹġ
һǳƺٰɡ΢Ц˵
̼֣Ҳ˵Щʲôſɿڵķˡ
᰼̻ʵӣ̿ҡҡͷһϱǶ
Ŀ⿴̣˵̣³극鷳ȥ·ɡ
ؼңóԼ˯ۣѾ̸ˣҪģóϽ˯ۻ̵ᡣ
ɹ΢ЦͷβûжԳᰵ˯ʣϾ漰ԼС˽
ȥ·վС㣬ھȥɡ
˵ű뿪ϯ׼һ³ȥˡ
˼ţ̰Ҳаһ
ոȰ̳극ȥܾˡ
ô㻹ҵ˯Ҳ֪ߡ￴˼һưͲ̲ء
ٺһЦ˯۴Ŷһ᲻
һûûı飬ɫ΢΢һ죬˸ۣԳ
Ҫ˯۾ȥɣԺҲٴҧ˵һ䡣
ðҴ˯ۣ͵ʯϼˡ¶һζЦ˵
ɫ糺͸һ˿˵˭ϼףЩһ˵˵ԣҪǱ̻ˣΪ֮Щʲôء
ȻһЦǰһ˵ЦĻϱѾЭ˲Ҫ˵У˵Ѿ˷ǳò
ˣķǳ⣬ĵֳ︡һ˿ĿС
ɽ䲻ᰣҲȫܸıġ




55¡庣һű
 

ԼСʱ֮̾ͻˣżװż¿㣬ǹһߵӡ
̣ôƷѸæվû뵽̳ȥ򼸼·ôֱʣ⼸·ûǧ
ЦǺǵ˵Ʒѣ뻻·ɡ
˵ͷӹһ¥˸任װ
Ǽɫ˿˯£ǽȥϴˡ
ղź˵Ҫ˯ۣҲֻǿЦѣûдŮ˯۵ı̬Ⱥá
᰼û˯ۣɫԺÿЩİ˯۴ȥԳ۾Իήͼεġ
̰˯۷Žϴ¼֮󣬱߳ʵС㣬ٽҪҪĻھȥʰһ¿ͷ
⡭᰸ֳԥɫ
һδ˻ؼңҪҹҹᰵĹУǾԲܽܵġ
ǹˣող˼ҽƣסһĻֹⲻȥ
ˡɴ˵ᰵ뷨Ҳ˵Ĺϵжֱ˵ľܾˣھͽг⳵ȥɡ
һûҪҿؼҰɣҲǵĳơ
ҲǸ˵ǰôߣҸݺȣСȥͺˡ
Ĳˡİ˰֣ܣɣ̣´㡣
ô᰼ЩģҲһѳ͵Сſڡ
ǲˣȶ˻ȥߵ·߽һ⳵
ȥ˾ʵ
ϸʻȥ庣һű
ַ˾̲ס࿴һƽƽСӡ
ȻǴӸС߳ģϻ·ҲһͨĹӸ硣
庣һűʲôط캣дмԲӵױġ
ôҲеĴﲻմߣ˾е㻳ɳǲǲˡ
ȷȥһű𣿡˾һ䡣
˵ͷǰʲô⣿
ûû⡣˾ٶˣ庣һűòԶһ͵ˡ
ʮ֮˾ź·ųһűڵء
һľ޴£ǰɹհȵĲ׺һںûʵıȺֱһıء
ƽ̨֮ϣһռǧ׵ĺ
Ǵ˵һһıȫյӰ˹ס֮ǡƶһű
³һο쳣ı׳۸ݺһѣȻ͵Ӱ֮һģһ
Ϊ޾ͻ֮УҴʹòͽͻǷĿƼС
һűסլ֮⣬ͣƺˮӾء˽򳡺͸߶򳡵ʩ
סլĸָ߿ƼøһӦȫ󲿷ָ߿Ƽǲ׹߶˵зܵȫԶļҾ
ȻЩ߿ƼûиӰôţլҲûһ׵ĸס
˾˳֮󣬲û뿪Ҫǲסֻιһµġ
ܿ죬˾ͱþȡһƵÿƼʮԿףңһһűĴžͻĴˡ
ɵӶܿóһűˣ
Ȼ˾ȴȫ޷ܣΪôᣡ
Ҫ֪һűֵڣ캣ûͨǾԲõһűȨġ
ôҲ캣дУȻܹõһű˾˭
˾ԺﲻϱŸִֺ󣬵Ҳ޷òЩӻֽ߱ϾĴϵһ
ҹ֮⳵˾۱׵ĸıˣ캣Уˣ찡
ۿŴŴ򿪣Ҫȥֻӱ߳ԼʮŮ
Ƕͬ͵ӢʽŮװںڵĳϴŮͷɫȹ԰ɫҶװεΧȹȵ֫󻹰һᣬʮֵĿɰ
ŮòóΪˡ
ֻƽ۵ĺ촽ͬӣң϶һǳǳľѣԵ崿
Ȼδ꣬ŮѾ÷ǳˣ͹͹̵̣ȹһ˫޳ֱȣϸۣ
˾ǣŮװСŮȻһģһһ˫̥ã




56¡˫̥û
 

˵ǶԽûŮͰɣû뵽һ˫̥˵ȷʵ޵ˡ
űԿף˫̥һ¾֪ˡ
ҳò䣬Ҳ÷ɸ
ӭˣ˫̥ߵǰͬСè˳Ĺ˵
⸱Σѳĳ⳵˾ĽʵӶͻˡ
ݣͬ˲ͬ˾ݺݵİỵ̲̂סһٸ̾ҡҡͷ뿪ˡ
˫̥СŮˣú棬ͬʱҲһٸС
ĳЩӰƬŮԼŮͷӣÿ˶뵽飬һԻӵ
ֱλðĴ캣ЩҲŮͣ϶ԶԶ˫̥û
ѹĵ˷֮飬Цʵǽʲô֣
ҽǽ㡣
ҽ٣á
ԽûɵĻش𣬳ϸ֮䣬ʲôͬ
ܿͷ֣Ľ΢һ㣬ٵһһ֮
Ϸֱ棬ͨǺѷֵ˫̥õġ
ڴǵʱ򣬽ûҲ͵͵Ĺ۲
ڵȴ⼸˵ĶЩ
ڼ֮˶ã˵ĳ࣬еĻҪ˧һЩء
ҳϸǲ¶һа˵ʣǳôҲû˧磬ʶصģȴǴûС
٣٣̲֡סһСŮͣҲʫ⡣
лл˿佱ٶ¶˿ĵɫ˺ܺദӣǾͷˡ
ЦЦǽȥɡ
֮󣬳̾һڲƣƼϵ覣Уסĺլÿ춼ĿһŮŮֱͣˣ
֮ȻİЬټˣɤʵˣҪȵʲôѽơȻǹ֭
ˣҵһˮС˵ķ̣ɳϣ˵
˳ӵĴõģԵȡ˵űתȥˣܿһˮ
ӹˮһڣŽû˵Ҳµ𣿡
ûŻش𣬶ǿ㡣
Ƭ̣ƺ䣬ŹɵĴʵϴӹ¶ԺģϴûǲҵǶ飬Ůǡ
ԭˡ˵ͷ
ɾȻôģ¶Ƕ飬붼һͼ
ӣСʱܿˣɵöĲ뽫Ϊδӣгһջõ
ڣȴȫ˳Ѫ
ǻҪڶ꼶ˣȤļʵ
ٻش𣺡ˣѧ
ѧ캣˽УһѧѸߴʮ飬ѧ֣ȷɶǷǳˡ
ȻڶѧҵһܷæɣǾͲ÷ˣúѧϰɡڣ˵ýûǳĻ
ڿʱ򣬾ѾΪ׼Ͼ˭ԼӵôƯŮͣƲסġ
ǳûжһȵľٶжûбһһȤѵǵ
ƽһζԼò˻ɡ
ôʲô𣿡ûվԭأ΢΢
ҧӣ˵ˣҪĻʱǸ
˵һ룬Ҳ˵ȥˣҲ֮С糺죬ͷȥΪĻȥʵ̫߳ˡ
ȻһֱڽŮǵѵҲ˺ܾõ׼ǱϾδ£˼ʮֵҪ˵߳ܵĻʵ̫Ϊˡ
ɬŤӣﻹк壬ɵһЦ
ʵĲûв뷨ϾҲǸˡ
ֻ뵽Խûδ꣬һڶ飬ȻԼŮͣҲ˵ãǳоԼʵ²֣غԭ⡣
ȿȣǲǰ̫ˣҵϲŮ˵竣˵
ټæ˵û룬ֻǷ쾭ģҪʲôǾʲô
ĺܺ³һŭ֮£ǸϳȥҲǰ²ʱʮˡ
ڹ¶Ժıʱ⣬ٶϧڵҸסլõѧУ飬ǿɲһϦ֮




57¡о
 

ŽûµģһЦҪʲôʲôǰɣǺãھǺúѧϰ
Գдһ˿аЦݣҲЩԻˣǣȴЦ˸׼
Ľû޷͸뷨ǻ̫ˣӹ¶Ժϴһֱûĥ
գǽڻشˣǾȥѧϰˣʲôҪĻʱԸǡ
˵ţͺûص˸Եķ䣬ûйϷţ˷Ը
ɳϣ⿴ͷѧϰĽûȻŮװģʮ崿Ůѧ
һջó̲סۣͬʱԺҲԼеʱ⣬ʱҲһٽ崿Ůͬ
뵽ĺݺݴʹһ£ΪԭǸŮͬûߵһ𣬸бҵ֮ŮͬǳʧȥѶ
̣عҡҡͷԺеɢ˼Ʋȥ
Ҫ飬
Դӵõаҽ֮ǿδеǿͬʱʼǰδйΣա
ɶԸңǳԼѡִܵỹôǿߡ
ɱ֣ڶ࣬Ǿܹ˺в
δпǿΣ˳òú˼αøǿˡ
Ŀǰаҽ䡷ϵĹǵ֮Ĵ¡
뿪᰼Һûлȥ캣ѧѡԼõһűǴ˾ͷ
ѶվԷĽû˵ȥ̨磬ǱҴҡ
ǣˡͬĻش
û뵽˻أ˫̥ͨóһȫһƺѾﵽһָߵľ硣
ƶص͸ݣ˱̨֮ϡ
̨ϲϴ캣磬ҹ˸еĿ
ҹɫ泯󺣣źĲ׳еĺ֮ҲҪ˳
ƽһľ¡
һаҽ䡷ڳԺ֮С
֮ǰûϸֻŻڵҪúÿһ¡аҽ䡷֮
۾Ĭҽϵķŷԭϵо磬Ȼ˺ö㣬䶨ʦͽ˵ѧ绹Ҫࡣ
ӵ͵߷ֱ𵤡ԪӤ񡢷顢ϵɽ٣һ˴󾳽磬ÿšСɡɡԲ֮֡
ľ磬аҽ壬ѾﵽԲ磬һҪģǳ磡
ڣߣͻ༫ޣҶԪƿس̶ҲڿɱȣܹԪţˣԪʩչ˵е
ӵĳֻҪšаҽ䡷ϵķŰͰһܹڣﵽ𵤾Ҳǲܡ
ҪͻƵԪӤϣҪĵرĸˡ
ںĴ󾳽磬ڵԴǸܴﵽģҲҽд۶ϡ
ϡ˵ʲôĵرҪ޵𵤺ԪӤϼѡ
һ磬˫Ŀ纣п޵֮·ּհ
Ҳ֪һҽϴаҽǷ񻹴ŵĻĲ㾳磬ڵ֮ĸλң۳ң
ջʼҽϵķ
һڱתͺǰĴһ㣬
·޾ϢҲҪŨ磬˵ʮݳˡ
Щ޵߿ҪѪΪͨ޵ֻļȡŨĵطҲҪʮ⾰пܳɹ
򵥴ֱֱͻͽһǧ
ٶȣ֮ھͿɹ
óٶȷɿޱȣ֪֮䣬һҹʱȥˡ
һֺմӴϻҫڳϣ˶һʥĽ֮С
ųҲվһҹоԼʵһ󲽡
ֻҪҹͿɴﵽڣʱʵ֮ǰʱտԱ⡣
˵ݸջصһ¥þĿڿ
ѧϰֱ֮˯ˣ̨֪һҹ
˵ݴ̨Ϊһȥճء




58¡ζ
 

˾Ȼô
ٶһۣĵ뷨Լͬ
ҳ֮ʱøӳˣһ˿ƮظУʶٶࡢ۽ٹҲԿ͸
Ե˫̥û;óȫǸĪˡ
Ϻáȿڣñ׼Ůʺ簲Ҳ
ѾˣòͰɡ
˵Ҳŵ˲Ʈ
һҹȷʵоˣ¿첽߽ڲ
Ҳ߽϶һʮڴı顣
ΪĿζԽʽʽͣ˰ڳǰģһʮ־·ʢĲ͵㣬ʳָ󶯡
һִĿҧһڣоԼͷҪˣΪʵ̫óˣ
ԽûĳգȻһҲ̵Ĳ
ɢ㣬óԽǻζľͰˡ
ı飬ϲɫΪʽ;ġ
еЩʧˣû뵽ϲʽζȴ˽㡣
ѧϰϣǴʼֺϣڻԴ˼Է˭øá
ˣϲԿԺŶ¶һЦݵ
Ͱ˵Ŷģúܺóԣܲ
ųޣľͷ·Ƶģѧôõĳգûа׷ѡ
ˣѵֻϲʽʳƷ𣿡ٲĵʵС־ϸջĺɫ޳ȹеţԼôʣǲеðˣ
⸱ɰģĵȻȻĲ¶һºޱȵЦݣ˵ǻĵʳɫһҵȻҲϲв͡
˵ţӣҨһ׺Žۻˬĸоʱǻ
һʵĺʳģտĳɵ࣬ô󣬻֪Ȼôóԡ
ųӣٲжᶼˣǺϲԼͰ
Լһ峿Ŭûа׷ѣ
ޣʵ̫ˣ٣⺣𣿡ͷζĿʵ
ͦظеС˵ˣģҪϲĺ࣬Ҳԡ
ǳˣԭˣһвͣһͣ̽Ŀζ˵ǿǵʮܵ
ٸղΪֻϲͣԱ¶ʧ֮飬ûʲô¶дϰʵ̫ˣ
٣ǵĳգʲôܺóԣˣԺʲôҾͳʲôһ˵
ԽûĳˮƽϵϳҽˮƽˣԼ˳ԣǼֱǵۻʰܡ
˿ޣٶϲɫʵˣЩʲô͸ȥ׼
ǲǻҪѧ𣿡
ΪˣǿԲѧͬ˵
仰еЩˣ˫̥ûҳ϶Ǳˣ
ԼĿԽʲôʲôˣģһӱеǷǡ
Ǻܿ˼˵ҹҪȥ˾ϰ࣬ҲǾͲصظˣԹȥѧɡ
õģˡٹ˳èĻش
Ȼǲ˵ݣΪʲôҪһϰ壬ŮǸǣʵǧʣֻҪ˵İżɡ
˵꣬׼˳
ǻûͰɣһ߰Ҫߣ֣ҪӪʱ򣬲ͿɲС
ٲһۣԷܳɫ˾Ȼһòͣ
ִΪŮ͵ȫ붼ġ
ˣΪһˣǲһòͣԲ𡣡
Ըͻʲô䲻ģüͷһ壬û뵽СŮȻİԼȫȫŮˡ
վԭһֱ߹ȥסٵ֣˲ǰ
԰ɣѧٵˡЦЦ˵
ɲŵĿų˼뵥˽ܵŮҲԺֲ÷ǳ̣һòͣǴԽˡ
ҲˣԽûŮ˼ǳذԺ󻹵ÿúø졣
ǳͣ˵ܸ˰ɣһĿ˵
ٿƺҪӣǷһĻǾͲˡ
Ϊ˲ͣ
ţҲ֮ǰʶˣʮòԳ˵ˣǾͿˡ
԰ɳ԰ɡȻһЦҲʼζɿڵĺࡣ




59¡Ů
 

֮ٷظԵңŮװѧУ
ǻ·󣬳˴ѧװӣȥ崿ˡ
ϾŮװǶǱ߱ȽеĶ뵽ĳЩɫɫ飬ѧװԴ
ǾʱڣʮȣļУҲǱģƳɰȹڽûϣȫгǾ˵ߡ
һ¿ˮԽûÿѧʱļƷŮ
޼ɵ۹⣬ٲɵߺ΢΢ͷ
ţԭҲôʳ˼̻
֮ǰǱ˵ĸĪŪЩԺˣ֪ôֺ
ڣ¶Լòһš
߰ɣһš˽ߵģһЦ
ǣˣ
߳ţѾͣһɫİµA8γվһߴĺװ˻īȥʮᡣ
ܿ췢֣װȻһŮӣֻŶ̷ʮԻĸߴ󣬺ˡ
үϺáװŮʺ
Ӧֵµһˡ߹ȥʵʲô֣
سүҽרŽȥѧġŮ΢΢ͷش
ԭˣٴʶɶ˫̥ûӡ
ڵ۽磬׾Ϳóֲףһ˶޷˺
硣Ҳ߹ʺ
óദҲһʱˣѾȽϤ
ȥѧɡĹ˾ѧͬ·Ҳȥ˾
˵ͷүִ˵һȻֻͣкԼְ𼴿ɡ
ϳԳӻֵ𣺡ˣټ
ݰݣúöŶЦеĶǻֵ
ĿŰµϳȥҲȥ
ûдҲг⳵죬ܲȥϼܲ
һҹ㣬ѾȲҪйˡ
˫һţ˾ͬһ磬ǰȥٶ֮죬ͨ˸Ӱ
ʱ磬庣Ⱥвٸ˶ܣΪ˻Ͷʽһܵרܲ
ٶ缲㣬ܿһű嵽˺ܵϣЩ˻֪ô£ѸеһǿԼ˹ȥ
ʵûзȫЩ˾ͲǱǿӹֱӱˣ
Щܵ˵УһڲͬŮӣԼʮ꣬β裬ɫò㣬ףز̣ͦ˽ý˳һͨŮûеӢ֮
ŮڳܣͻȻӦһǿϢԼٶȳ
ûͷȥͷϢѾӹԣǰȥ
ŮʱĿɵûԲûٶȵˣֱ࣡
ˮƽҲֻǿһӰ
Ůҧĺʤıˡ
һ˫ȶȻŮܲٶҲ޷ﵽĵزų׷ȥ
Ȼܵ÷۵糸ߵķ羰ģϵˣڵĸ֪֮ǰҪö࣬ܿ͸ӦͻȻٶ׷
Ȥǻһȣû뵽ȺߵУҲ˵Ĵڡ
˵ٶȣǸӣʵһߡ
˽ŲԼһ֮ǸŮѾ׷ƽеľ롣
תͷȥ˲䱻Ůò޵ˣ
ԵٻӰžһգü续ǳĲմһɾǿ䣬ļ΢΢͸һƬۺ죬ۿˡ
İ͹£磬ǰߴ羪ˣܶ˴۸
Ů΢񳯳Լôʱ׷ϳеܽ
޼ɵĿʱŮһ߳ŭȭ
ףû뵽ԼһŮòģͻȻˡ
ȻóѣһΣܹһȭ
λŮزʶûôͻȻ֮䶯ִˣûʵ
ߣĿ񣬱Ҫѵһ㣡Ůܲˬ˵
С󣬻û˸Ŀ⿴ء
ȻҲΪλȻʵǿᣬ˲ֱò
ȴֻһֲŮӣһҲûʲô˲ģ벻Էŭ
ŮĻɵȻһЦһŮҪǶûϽˡ
ۿŮһȭȭٶȱ֮ǰһȻ£ȴúƽϣ·ٴλָ֮ǰٶȡ
һʱ䣬ѾλһЦҽг׷ҵĻȭɣ




60¡г¾
 

Ůô׷޷ľˡ
ۿҪʧУŮĸһˣʱ죬ںе㲻Ҫ⣡飬´㣬һȴϣ
飬ֲϼŵķȥŮӰʧɣҵȣǾˡ
庣ϼţʹҲҪСʱĹ⾰ڰСʱ֮ڣܵ˼ŴãѾ˵ٶȣСҪһߡ
ſ֮Ĳһ㺹ҲûУһܵӡ
ȥг칫ңҵʺ򣺡¾Ϻã
ҪӦȴһŮ˵ӽ쿪ʼͲгˡ
ѭȥʱ䶼ɴ۾
ֻλ˵ŮüĿ续òɣһͬ߳һ
ЩȻѾòᰣ˪λŮһɾ֮˵ȫͬ
òĻȴǷֲ¡
ȥƳΡ
ҽƳΣ쿪ʼǵ˾Ƴһ˵ţһ߽칫ҡ
ôûμ죬һµг
ߵʵ⵽ô°
˵ģѾǾˡһЦ
ʲôɳһôʧ𣿡
ȥȥȥʲôʧ費ʧģ⻰ҪǱŲһ߷㣿Ϊ˵
һϽͣһܻλ״Ůٻ㱨ȥˡ
˻ûи˵һ飬Ƴȷʵȡľְλ
شȴǲòˣֻû뵽ôʹгĴλְǲпᰡ
˼ʹıȴһ㶼û˲ξǸŮ׷ǰףطС
ƳдС⿴˳һۣóһرҲֻ챻۸һϢˡ
еĴк֮Ƴ칫ңͬʱԳ˵ҽһ¡
仰ڳͬ־һĽĿ⿴һôһôã
ǰᰶίΣܺòѷܵƳνøλͬ־ġ
֪ͺƳܹĻЩǾԻᷢߵģ
ɡ״ٻҲɫĿƳ¹εһ죬ͺͳʶˣ
˵Ŀ⣬Ƴ߽칫ҡ
ƳӰ칫£Ҳ֮ߵ칫ǰЦЦ˵ƳΣģºҽ𣿡
Գζı飬Ƴβɵٴ챻ռ˵ĳʱϼ˫գҧű˵Ķͷ˾Ҫž
ȻΪϯҽʦλڸž֮ϣƳ֪гԱ˾ԼԺҪĻء
ֻƳ̴ãȴһȫںӣȻ˵ƳΣҿϯҽʦλ֮Ŷ
㡭ƳһϣĻȷʵϾϯҽʦԿġ
ҽˮƽ磬ֻƳһ򲻷䣬鶯΢΢һͻȻ˵㲻ҵ˾ĻҾȥ߱㣬˵۸ҡ
۸ˣһΡ
ҪƣɲᱻǸԣһл
ǰǸͨ˵Ļͱˡ
飬ʵǷǳصģƳε֮٣Ͷغ
ĻƳȴΪˣŭ֮ɫһ˫޳Ĵȼݵ칫ϣ˫ֱط߷߶챻㱧ôã㻹˵û۸𣿡
Ǻǣǿҵġһ㶼õ˵
ɲƽ޹ʵıƳԩռ˵åҪСٰ˵ƺӶϴˡ
롱ĸ֣ƳεɫøˣҪվͳۡ
ֻŰ˫ȼܵ칫ϣ˲ȣվһ˲ȴð칫ȥ
ƳζʱоƨһգҪֱˤڵϣǿǶˣ
ʧɫһ̣ͻȻоԼһ˫ǿı۰ᱧסˣһס˾Ȼǳ
ƳηһУ˲䴫칫ңгԱȫˡ




61¡֮
 

һ죬Լͬ칫ҿȥѵŮںͳЩʲô״飿Ҷʱˡ
ҲǱƳεĽһæһֻסĺ촽
һƳ¶飬ĿԲݺݵĶų﷢ص˼óɿ֡
ȻɿղһѾͬµˣСӶмǻˣ
ۿǲſ֣ƳкâһͻȻҧϳơ
ʹ֮£֣õƳξȻСӰľٶ
̷űС¡ƳεŭȫûпԼ
˵ôܹ˵꣬Ƴν۵ӣʹ֮£ͻȻͷԼ촽ӡȥ
ٶƳﻹ֪ʲôͫȻҪѾˡ
˫Ѿ׵ĽӣСס
촽ӡĴóƳζ·𱻵һ£û뵽Ƴε촽ȻôۣһһҰϢ
ƳǽһӺȻһһƬհס
ĳǣӦ£ȥˡ
챻һĴѾֵˣȻȥǣļһ
ƳεбһŻ棬ݺݵų촽һֱҧĴ
ǰ汻ҧƣһ׼ĳ̧ͷ㿪һҧɲ뱻Ƴҧ촽߳칫ҵĻ֪Ҫ⵽ʲô̶ȡ
ţƳηղ鲻Խ֮죬ټĻǾǵôˡ
Ƴô׷ŹðɱеҵĳǣҸƴˣ
˵ַ㳯гľ칫ɲϣƳټȥ̫ˡ
ٶȼץסƳһӵ˫ȭ˶ǽϡ
ųŭƳеˣû
ƳΣˣ㺦Ҳ㱻˴ģǸͨˣһվ˵𣿡˵
ҡƳκͳţ۾һ˿ҺΣΪĻȷʵ˵úܶԡ
Ը书ĻҪϸǴˡ
뵽һٶռԼˣƳΪһûŮŮܹίһᣬͻȻӵĿ
ء
Ƴ滨Ŀ޸ͣ˲޲ˣµľŮһ취ûС
ſ˫֣οˣˣҲдһʱ鼱㡭
㻹˵ءƳۿĵųС㻹û̸ѣͶҵĳǣ󻵵
龭һƬհ׵ŮӣԼĵһοúأرǳֶŮӶҪʽкǿ£Żύȥġ
һʱʣֻƳο޸
ƳεĿᣬӦòᱻ
ڿ֮󣬲Ųˮ¿ӻ
ʱֻ֮ͨ󣬴һӵƳΣǼ캣мʯ͹гٰʯڣʱ棬𣿡
Сܲã㲻ҪңƳ˵ţ׼Ҷϵ绰
ȵȣͻȻֻιǳʲôʯڣʱҺƳλȥġ
¡绰ͷη
Ǳŵòᣬȫû뵽ıȻô
룬ܴȴûɵȡǮȨƣԼһƷȻΪ˴·棬Ǹʧߡ
ϸعһоֹ֮ľη֮ľûôˣִܴɵʶôϾỹǿǮ˵ġ
ҿŶʯʲкüڣȫǳ˿Աȵϵġ
ҪٰʯڣֿԳûչƳε׷ǮŮѾ׵Ժ
һʹ绰ƳΣȴû뵽ȻӹƳεĵ绰
ѵѾܵ󲻵ĳ̶ȣ
뵽ҧгݣ׽޵˹ҪԼȨƣ֮ǰܵٱ
ĵķߺ֮飬䵭˵ǴƳεģٰѵ绰Ƴνɡ
㲻ҪԼƳȥʯұ֤ʱڶʯϣŰɡȻһЦҶ˵绰




62¡Ϻ
 

Ƴҧ޺˵ƾʲôСŲȥʲôʯڡ
ҵƣҪȥһ˶ʯڣҪ󲻹ְɣЦ˵
Ѱ˼ȥʯ׬һʣû뵽һʹ绰˵Ҫٰʯڣ⡣
Ѿռαˣʲô̻ȥˣҪȥʯڣûţƳλأ˵
ǹһЦݵ㲻ӦĻҾͰĳǱҶߵ飬˵гͬ
ңƳζüŭӳҪ˵ȥĻ˾һ
Ƴεŭһ޿ֵӣƳ
ãƳЭãҾʹӦһΣ֮Ǿͳƽˣ㲻ǵµ˵
ȻЦúܿĵģƳβ̲סˡ
һεƣͱһǣűˣˣ
ˣûĻҾͳȥˡ˵ţ߳˾칫ҡ
߳ţٴгͬµĿ⡣
ųĲûһ˶еܾ档
ղ浽׷ʲô£
ͬ־ͶȥĽʵ񣬸ղԺŮһЩ飡
ЩжʻȼգŮǱȵˣ
ֻǳ㲻ǵľˣҲǼŵϯҽʦЩԱôĽʺҲֻܱš
һĽĿԼֵܣ̶ʱһɫĴŮˮƽֱ񼶱
״ųĿ⣬Ǻһ˿ԹϸĴϲһɫʣôʲôҲԶˡ
˶Ƥٺ񣬴ʱҲе㲻ڣϾղƳεĽȷʵ˲ᡣ
ҲýʲôԽͷԽ˵塣
ʱ⴫һŲ
ſڿȥֻӭͷһŮüԶ죬ĿˮŮɣ߹󲻿ɱӣᰡ
󻹸żװˣһĿǻһ˿ԲЦһһֻϺꡣ
Ҹһ£λǼŶ»ĸ³ǡһı·ڽһϵİˡ
ȴһݣᰵĶ壬Ȼˡ
Ҫ֪ϺŸոɱֶԸᰣܲ϶߲ơ
ԭλǼŵϯҽʦΪƤЦⲻЦߵǰ֡
֣ÿɷ˵ˣ򸱶
ǿų̩Ȼӣ۽ǲɵһ£ˣȻȫ͸
֮Եܲһ¾ȷᰵ״û뵽ĺʮɱȫʧܣͽ˾֣𾪲ѡ
ڳĶҪɱģҲúõվѵɱֵʧܣйϵ
Ϣ֮еĳĵײֳŨŨļɵ
ǣҲˣ𣿡䣬ֱ
ô༯Ա棬һ㶼ԼĶӡ
ϾֻϺ꣬һҪصģ֮䣬ûʲôԡ
ᰵȴɫ糣˵Ŷˣ˵㳴гҽ˼̽羫Ӣܿǣĸʺϵ¾
˵žļװվ׼һҽܡ
ˡһڣֹ˵һ׼ԼˣѾƸ˸ոջеƳгͲͷ򸱶ˡ
Ǵʲô⣬˼ܣ￴밲Լֽôе
Ƴλĵһʱ䣬ֱгǵļƻ̥С
ŶƳλˣѾͷҲ˵һǵģϰûУɹЦ⣬ȫûΪԼļƻʧܶ仯
Ƴھ칫ͲĶֱ߳˵򸱶
ƳΣôҲҸⰡһû˺㡣Ǵʱһĳ֪ϸˣһֻϺꡣ
Ƴ֪ǵΪˣ˵򸱶ĻͲö˵ˣûʲôµĻԱɣҺͱ㶼æġ
黹⣬Ҳһ㶼Ǻɫ
һ˼е㽩ˣĵһ֪Ѿͷʰǡ
ȻƳѾгǶ˾͹ϲˣп˼Ͱɡ¶һٵҪЦݣż¸ˡ




63¡ؼ
 

Ŀһû̵ĴǹսгͬǶǴҳһǽۼڶıɽһǡ
Щ˶ֻܵʲôûҪǲСıȥĻҪ
ǳԻڶ֮У˲ɵ룬ϯҽʦҲôõġ
ȥ֮ûж˵ʲôܲð칫ȥˡ
ƳҲ߻Լİ칫ңۿ뿪治ɫȴһԲĻȡ
ʵղںֵʱѾ֪ǵֲһ롣
ϼһɱɵҲ׸СȻ׷ŹֻϺꡣ
ǱһڣʱҪϼһÿ
ţĬĬ߻Լ֮ǰʵϰʱλ
λ״ɺٻ˾ΧƳΡЩ˵İ⣬ҲøǶ˵ֻܹͨͨȥ
ᰱʮְҵɱΧĻָʹ飬ֻеӾŻ֣˵ҪŻС顣
һ֮󣬳ͻȻӵһ绰һʾ캣Уطѩġ
ιпүүѾؼˣǼҳԶٷ绰ͷطѩ
ôһ˵֮ǰүүĽʯκĹƶʱȷʵӦүӿؼҺ󣬾ȥǼ͡
ýûʲô飬賿У˳붼룬ˬĴӦû⡣
͹㣬ҼǵϼܲϰǰɣӦطѩҲϲ
û
Ǿ˵
Ҷϵ绰չʵŮԼ㰡
ＱģʲôʱѧôˣûĿ˻һۡ
һǰʵͽģԴӽŮٻʶ˰״ͱøŮһˡ
ɵ⣬Ҳǰ״ٻ״ǹעһһ
ֵ㰡ɫĿų˵ŮԵôã϶жص椼ɣҪֵ֣
ʣɣ㲻Ƕٻ𣿻ҪʲôֶΣСٻ°塣
ٻһɫеĿŻɣŵûæͣԼѧϰ椼ֻΪġ
ʱһֱĬİ״ʵ˵Ůѷˣ𣿡
ûֱԲ䡣
״ʵǲŮˣ
ûа￴ŮѣЩ棬״Ϊʲôôʡ
״˫ոƣңңָų촽˵ղŲǺž桭
Ű״ָ촽Ȼʶʲôæһ촽澹ȻƳεĿں죡
ںɫʵ촽࣬һ˲ϸǿģԼҲûע⣬û뵽ȴϸİ״ˡ
ӿһ춼˵ˣһΣŻɺٻûз촽쳣̳ϴּѿںϴ˸һɶ
Ӱ״ҵʹˣԺ󻹵úúÿԼСϴ˰ˮžеԼ˵

°ʱ䣬Ȱ״֮󣬲߳ã·ڴһɫͣʮעĿ
·˷׷ײ²⣬ĸСĺҵʲôˣóǸòǵŮȴ
ȿߵᣬȥʱ·ǾͶ۵Ŀ⣬ôһλƷɫĸҴСԿͣҲ֪ǼӲĸ
طѩ촩һɫٺȹڼʻλϵȣھˮܽء
֮ŵٲ㷢ĵ㣬Ƣ
طѩȱһϣǸкˡ
һ֮󣬳ЦЦطѩסھ͹ȥɡ
ţҼסڹɽǱߡطѩܵĿ⣬΢΢ɬ
ɽǵطǰȥɽ¥ӡǳ̡
ǱһƬؼ֮󼸺庣֮£ֻҪ캣еĶס
ô˵طѩ΢ЦʵӦȥɽɣ
ɽ캣ľĻȥεģ˱˳Ļһʡ
ûҲȥɽȥɽϵİ¥˵ţԺԶ¥̨ϾĶǵһս
һʹȫսȻʤҲһĸɾ
ʱǸٲصʦҲڳĻǺս֮ġ
㻹ȥ¥طѩգˮĴ۾ʵ
˵ֻ캣Ĵʸڰ¥ϯؼҲϰ¥ı׼˵еġͥ硱طѩһֱ뿴Ƕ߹ϯ
طѩӡȻҽǼҾʲôĶͨͨȻܹȥ¥ȫ֪




64¡Ľʯ
 

طѩеʣȴǲ̫࣬Ͼ漰캣дУ˵طѩԼǻϵġ
ҲǻԵɺϹһΰ¥ˡһ仰ɵĸ˹ȥ
ϸ˵طѩҲͲ׷ʡ
ųᣬʮ֮˹ɽɽš
طѩļҾɽŵһС캣õĸ߶סլ֮һƵĹɽֱ̲ķɫʮ
СɽõģڰɽϵЩӸߵ۸ҲɽҪһ룬Ｘ캣סˡ
ӻһׯ԰ׯ԰ﵽǲһֻعȻĸо
ɫֺ֮Уһʯֱͨһռؿĺ
øŽϵķ죬ſʯʨΧ컨λϳ۽Ƿˮƣ޿ޣĽҲܷؼΪҵݡ
ֱʰ
̾һ䣬Ȼׯ԰ۻȲ庣һűҲҪķǧʡ
طѩڱǰͣ³ͳһ߽
һţͿذɳϾ۾ĿŵϵĲƾš
طѩӶæµţ׼
ˣɡذĿתƵϡ
Դ֪ҽ߳ϼŵϯҽʦ֮ذ̬Ҳأʵѧˡ
֮ذһ裬Ȼطѩ˵үү¥ϣȥɡ
طѩ˵ͷ¥ȥ
ææذ̲ʵ
УôæòԵĻش
ذˮһתæͺã㽻ŮûУ
̽ڷˣȻ֪ذ˼ʵشĿǰûС
ҵгɣ顢ȢӣҲǶԸĸТ˳ذ٩٩̸ǼҷѩҲ˿Գ޵ͣһҵ׵ľҪɫɾˡ
һ˼Ҳ㷴ֻǲÿɷĵ˵ͷ
ûʲôʾذûٶ˵ʲôԼİʾѾ㹻ԣʣµľҪԼȥˡ
ʱطѩĽʯӶ¥
үӵɫѾָ糣ȫһ󲡵ӣⶼҪڳڵĹƶһ޸壬Բܺõô졣
үӣҪվ׼ȥʺ
ĽʯһȴǶȻʵСӣһɵĹʦϽ̻ǰٶţ
ʲôϽ̡ٶţһ㶡
һͺаֻӰС˵֮Уʵ֮Уôɣ
һ룬ԺͻȻƳҲϽ̡֣һǳɵӡ
ͷǰװܹƽ置ŵĹƶǴɵĹʦ˵ɣ㵽ʲôͼĽʯͱ˵ʵ
ɲųʲôҽһصְҵ置ʦ
Ľʯ置һλŮӡҲǴƳιйһԵҽԹƶһҲо
ҽȴĹƶް취ȻܹƳĹƣǾ;Բҽ԰õġ
үȥҲֻаѳһǳһǳƶŵĹʦܽ͵ͨ
Ľʯ置ʦ඼аʿһع죬ôԵ޹ʳ֮󣬱㻳ɳͼ
û뵽ԼĽʯүһ㶼м⣬ʱЩŭˣĻؾͷӣҿԺȷĸ㣬ҲʲôʦŲţǾˣҾҲǿطѩķϣͼ
˸һ棬ԡţطѩذһʱ֮䶼סˡ
֪үƢŹֻ֣û뵽һȫûɫһٱʡ
ĻؾǺô˭ҰĽʯͷӣ
ۿսסطѩĽʯ֣˵үүؼҵı궼Ҫһһôܻͼ
ߣСѩ㻹ᣬϵն֮£㲻֪ĻءĽʯȻǶԳмصĽġ
״ɵЦ˵ͷӣû㣬Ŀˡ
ʲô˼Ľʯ۾һ£˵ʲô
΢΢һЦ˵ûĹƶʲô
ȻΪƳǱ꣬ĸԶǧ֮⣬ԹƳʧȥ˿ơȵȣүͻȻһ⣬Ĺƶ置ʮƶ֮һֿܳƲסյ




65¡񻯹
 

Ŷͷ㻹ûϺͿ˵
ʵһʼʱҲĹƶԼĽʯģֱؼңŷ쳣֮
ĽʯȻѣ֪ƶģǾôյģȴȫ벻ֻܰĿͶɻʵ֪Ĺƶʲô𣿡
ͳ֮ϡָһָĽʯڳһɫ塣
طѩذ˳ųָ⣬һͬǿ忴ȥͬʱ¶Իɫ
ʲô⣿Ľʯһ˵ϸ´ӹгģôܸ置ƶ
Ľʯ˵ţȡУϴ󴾺֮Уһֱ֡
ͷӣղ㲻ǻ˵ն֮»кܶӣȴа֮ֻǿʯڸϢԿ˵
տĽʯʱ򣬱ӦүһаϢţ͸ۣһ¿а֮
ֻǵĽʯţطѩذҲ¶ŵı顣
覵Ȼаôأ
Сӣ㲻ҸƭҵİɣĽʯֿʼò
Ŀƽ˵彻ҿһ֪ˡ
Ȼƽȴ̺һɲɿܵĽʯ˵ˣְ彻˳
ŽɵһӣүͻȻͶӡŮһɴ۾
Ϊǿù֮һ󣬾Ȼˣ
ָϵҪ󣬲һʯأ
ֱǷ
ĽʯԼӰ屻飬·ͷϱȥһƵģ_ĿŭСӣʲô
ŭûȫйͿ˸ò˼顣
𾪵֮Уֻϸʯһֻ͸ɫƳ档
⡭񻯹ƣĽʯŴͣг˾㵣԰ôû뵽أǽϽ̵ĶŹƶ
û񻯹ơѴаҽеĹƶУ˽⵽ֹƶֺЧ
ֻĽʯһ˵ˣ񻯹ԹžУʲôϽ̵ĶŹƶִֻ㣬񻯹ƵֻнϽһҰˡ
ϵа֮Ч񻯹Ƴ浮УȡЧΪãƳ棬ǱڵĹƳŻе궯渵һλѧ˵Ĵʦ
ⷬذطѩóᣬѧʶԨֱ˼飬Ľʯȴǳ׵ķˡ
˵һû֮ǰҴˣͷһĸĽʯȻǸһ
үӺϲŭĹŹԸ̬ȱ仯Ҳĺܡ
Ľʯ񣬳æȥȻүѾǸˣôҪ˼ҵġ
ϣҿҪģҪһԴǴ˭ģ֣ص˵
ܹΪ񻯹ƶǷ֮һĽʯǱĹƶһܿǸүʶ
Ľʯ˰˵ͱʲôˣЩ䶼ˣ֮ǰͷӾͿ
ݸһЦû뵽ĽʯԹغΣԴ벻⣬ƽƺطѩ֮ǰ˵үүŹ֣ʶˡ
ذԿһүôˣԽԽͯˡ
طѩǰ࣬˵үүŹֵֻҪ˳Ļɡ
ðɣͷӣҾͲˡЦ˵һǽһҡ
ǰ֣϶ǲ⣬һھͿ԰ȥ顣ذԴҲǷǳӡ
Ľʯ۾˵ģڹʶˣ˵ӦûʲôҪȡ񻯹ǽϽ̶ŹƶȫǽϽ̵Ĺʦ
үүҪóһ°ɣطѩڣܵүӵİΣ
漰置ƶְȥĻ²鲻ʲô
ԶԹʮ˽⣬طѩϣ˳ϣеĿ⿴
ȻôģҾʹȥеĹ棬һλѡĽʯڶԳʮ͡
˲ҽԹҲָƣ˵ʮֶθڣܽ꽻ĻҲƽһˡ
ȻһЦҲ񻯹Ƶģʲôˡ




66¡
 

˵䣬طѩӳ˳΢Ц˵ˣԷɡ
˵кɷŮˣһ߽
һٷԵڣȻƶǼҽȴǳã̸¶зִòذͷ
żүм䶺Ȥ֮ҲطѩȻһЦǵһμүүһĵôġ
ĽʯȲųҪȥԼĹء
ǳĽʯطѩһͬүӵҡ
ҽùɫ¸ţ߽棬һľϰŸʽմɵȹ棬ǽϹһƷֻ
ЩƷһͼֵƣĽʯЩûڹϻǮذЩˡ
ôĽʯʮֵĿų˵
ЩѼʮ깦ģ˵ϡƷλʹʦǰιۣΪ֮̾
йž޲˵԰ɡ
ͨ͸ۣĽʯЩƷвû̺ʲô
Ϊ޵ߵĿ⿴Щϡֻϵļֵ
Ŷ۽ܸ߰Ľʯųĵ׶ʱЩˣѵЩƷ벻˵ķۣ
ȻĽʯĲƷͨ棬ûʲôҲ˵ġ
µȻһЦͷӣȻҶԹ淽ûʲôоܿЩƷǺöġ
˵ŻģⲽһƷĹ͹ȥ
Ľʯ¶΢ЦСҽô趼ܱҸ߰ɣ
߱߿ͻȻһľǰͣĿŵһ֮ϡ
һʮ˿ӵĹÿһӻԲͨ͸ɫϾһƲĿ⡣
óͣԭǣͨ͸ۣ⴮ϾȻɢɫâ
һ΢΢
ȻܹܵǴڵģͺȫ
ȻƲķü֮Ļǿ԰ɷʹõġ˼˶ۣͻڣԡ
פ˼ĽʯǸһ˿Ц⣬ʵ㿴ˣ
⴮ȷʵͦرġɫ˵
۹Ҳر𣬶ҺŮһģһĽʯЦ
΢΢ô˵
⴮ԭǳ˫ɶԵģСѩˣһû뵽Ҳڤڤ֮ԵִڰĽʯЦŽ͵
һ˵ĿŵطѩϣȻһľϿʽһ
طѩôһ΢΢һ죬Ҳû뵽۽Ȼϡ
ȻСѩôԵ־ͷҵҾͰʣµ⴮͸㣬ĶɣĽʯԽ˵ԽǿģͣЦ
үǿ˿һ۵ˣǾ;öԷʲôãˣԼŮˣ
үүʲôں˵ʲôѽطѩĽʯ½ǽɫøˣϹ̣ɵýߵĵͷȥ
ҲǸоһΣүӣȫճư
ĽʯźߵŮ¶ЦݵСѩҲ˿Գ޵ˣүүҲǰɫͷ
طѩߵ˵ΪһƻŮû̸ƤúܣүүͻĻ֪ôӦˡ
ǺǣҺͷѩֻǺѶѣͷˡЦΧ
仰ĽʯеȻСӾȻŮɫһ㶼Ķ
طѩҲûɵĸеһ˿ʧ䣬ԭԼһоûУ
֮ĽʯǺЦҲǿԷչ
ѳĻ˵֣ҲΪ⣬ľȡ
Σ⴮͵ͷҸļ񡣡
ȻˣҾȴ֮ˡˬİӹϣ֮о
طѩųҲ˺Լһֱһʱϼ˫գˡ
ĽʯҲǳãͻȻһ£˵ˣ֮ǰ˵Ҫȥʶһ¹磬ĶʯϣһչᣬʱҾʹȥɡ
ʯڣ˵ҾٰĶʯ𣿡֮ǰ˵ҼʯϾٰʯڡ
ĽʯȻ˵ԭҲ֪ʯڰûǣͷٰġ
ԳٴιĿ࿴ΪһˣȥעˣⷽȤǾ͸θˡ




67¡
 

ģ֮ǰҴ˵ȥʯ棬Եʱֱֳˡ˵
ĽʯǺЦȻˣǾڶʯڲɢˡ
ŮȥӳһȥģֻǳҪһգǻطѩȥʯڣϾ˴ԼŮͳ˼
үӵ뷨Ҳӭϳ⣬ʱҪƳȥʯڣҪطѩЩΡ
˵֮󣬳Ľʯأֻؿ̸һ٣ֱʮӵʱ򣬳ǡ
طѩص캣ѧ³ŮУ֮󣬶һ庣ķȥ
ûнԼӵ庣һűطѩΪطѩӡֻһƶѧʱûбҪطѩ֪
ҹĻ֮£ⲽʵԽԽ죬Ƿˮʦ϶ᾪسɴͨ
߰ٲ֡سɴ硱ȣǾС׼ס
ص֮˫̥û˳վſڣЦӭ˹һΪ׼ҹ
¶һЦݣ˫ûͷ΢Ц˵٣ôҹˡ
ࡣ˫̥Ůһͬҡҡͷģʮֿɰ
Це˵һȥ԰ɡ
һɿڵҹپڳġ֮£ԹԵȥ˯ˡ
վ̨֮ϣаҽ䡷ţ硣
һҹʱܿȥڶ峿˫ۣоԼвСһӳ棬缴ͻơ
ͣĿĳȥѧԼⲽ߳
Ÿȥϼţٶȣϰٵ顣
ǸŮĻٶ
ĺ԰µĿŹ԰ɢߴ̫ˣĶһ˿С
ףͻȻĿͷ̫ȭϡ
װԼĪʮ꣬񳣬̫ĶʮչͶ㾡Ǵ׾֮УȻ̫ΪѾ˼ľ硣
ȻóȵĲߵ̫ˮƽߴȭʱϾȻԪĺۼ
֮£͸ۣװߵڣȻ鲼Ż
֮ǰǸ䶨˵ִѾûʦĴôôھһϵ֮ɫŨˡ
ԣȻۻ룬ȴܷ⣬Ԫɵ״ѧ绮֣Ӧǵʦ
Ȼжϳװ߲ʦ²۲ڵƬ֮㷢ȻӵȴԶԶȲԼ
õϵԴĻװߵ൱ܡܵͨԴ൱ں˱ըĺܣҪ
ͨԴֻɻ˵ըܹǵرȫһ
˵̤֮󣬻ʩչͨ߿ȵġ
ͨ㣬̬Ҳע֮ƿ漴װߵ徹Ȼ˲Сˡ
ߵǻ΢΢ȥһ飬ȻǱһλĶȭУˣв
ûп͸ۣһ˿֮ɫҲԿ
ʲôˣȻԴһλʦ״˼֮ǰ䶨ʦͽѧﲻǾ֮ܣϣ϶Ųѧǿߡ
ڳ͸۵ʱλװҲĿ¶âڿֻһλ֮ͨջĿ⡣
ֹȻͬ죬ҲſһۣͱӦˡ
ϢѲոջаҽʱ塢â¶װĴʦʲô
ڳ׼ת뿪ʱһ𣺡վס
ͷȥֻһλŰɫβŮظͦĿ
飬ôɣּˡλŮǹһζЦ⡣
ааЦݣŮֱһ챻ٶȡ衱һٵ顣
ܣû뵽㻹ھƣȷ³һܵȻ˵Ҫ֡
һྪ㣬շһţһ޳ޱȵ
ͫ΢΢һһǱɲ֮䣬߷ŷƷһȣ˵ĶȻһޡ
ıԶԶϵģһ֮УоӵʵǿǸɵ䶨Ҫǿϲ١
ϸ룬ķѵ࣬һЦһֱӽĴȼԼ䡣




68¡ʦΡ
 

ۼԼһ޹ҴȻס鲻ŭӣȭŹȴһ˻ȥ
һ̣¶ŵɫʮһСɵǿߣ澢鲼ȫﵽһܼӡӬ治ľ磬һװһȫϡ
û뵽ȴ赭дģͰǹһ˵ӶûУܲκˣ
ʦ⣬ûɲĸ֡
ۿԼĴȱסĹ޷ЧĶߵ糺죬̲סſң
ҷſĻɲټҡĿƵ˵
Ҳû뵽ȻģһҪǴʵˣ԰߶ϡ
˳Ļ˵ȷſң
ɲװ׷ŹһУԽԽɶˡ
˼ȻǲưոݣǽĴյøˡ
ֱҪըˣҲ˵ʵжô⣬һ˫ȭٴζԳҹơ
ֻȭôѸָֻͣһţˮһ㣬ޱȵץסһ˫
ӣһȱס˫ֱסȫˡ
ƽδܹ裬޺޵ĵų
ͻȻſӣǳųס˫ֱҧȥ
˻ƵĹֶΣóɵȻʧЦ
飬񣡡
鼴ҧϳֱ֮ʱһʮ˵
һлգ֮˵ǰһȺ̫װߡ
ղԳֵʱѾװ߾۵ףҪˣû뵽ɾͰйˡ
ĵӣһ书Ѿﵽ˻Сˮ׼ۻҲеķëǡ
£ʵȴǼװ˲ԳĿ࿴Լ֮ǰȻˣûһλ֡
λСѣɷıϣͽܼƽϡװߵ˵÷ǳҲΪʵ֮ġ
˵ͽܣ²֮Ϊѣſֽš
ʦ۸ңһᣬܵװߵǰί˵
װüë˵飬ȶ˼Ҷ֣ȴΪʵã˼ҷƣ㲻ԣλǸ
ҪҸһǸǾܵģɫǿ˵
װҡҡͷ˵ոΡ֪Сγƺ
һ书Ѵﵤʦˮƽȴ䶨ƼֺøС
ʶһƵЦ˵үãҽг
ͽӽΪ嶯ϣ㲻ҪһʶΡĻУǸ֮⣬ݣͽܸһ˵Ǹ˵ǼΪѵˡ
΢΢һЦ˳̨˵ûʲôҲ⡣
ԭһ仰ȴϼ̲ס˵ʦݣҪּһ˵ûҿ۾ϹˣȻʦĴ֪
飬㲻Ҫǳںסٻڣǻĵ߲ʶҲ
Ρ˵ţĿƽ͵Ŀ˵֪λʦĸͽᣬ书Ҷ
ϣʵҲʲô֮ˣûа˭Ϊʦүᣬ͵
ЩѧһΪİҲߣΡִʦҲ⡣
ȻʵͣȴøΡĵһ˿ãˣѵǾۻ軨һߵΪ磿
ΡϾǵЦ⣬˵ʮأѧҲ㱡ԸԱţȴеƲˣ
οͣһѧΪˮӦǺһ˵ˮƽӦΪǣʲôصģ
긵ΡһɵΣû뵽Ҳ䶨һ϶ɵߡ
ȷʵʲôߣǸ߲ε޵ߣ
Ǹղ׵ĹøΡ
Ƭ֮󣬳˵ϣʵֻǶһĹ򣬲ߣûʲô
򣿡ʣΡɫȻһ䣬ζʲô
Ѿﵽɵľ磬һǿԼ츳ټʮġ




69¡Ĵ˵
 

Ϊִѧ˥΢ؼѾʧֻܿԼС
Ҳִѧ缫˴ﵽʦԭ
һ֮˲ͬǾǴ˵еĹߣ˵統лһСڹķЩĸִһʼͿʵԶѰߡ
ΡҲ֮󣬲ſıɽһǣǹ֣ȴû
ڼᵽ򣬸Ρ̲סʵĪǳĸ֣
ʦĻ鲻ɵһ֮ɫ
ڹĴ˵ֹһʦᵽһѵǹˣ
ʲô䣿ȴһͷˮ˵һʡ
Ρɻı鲻װģеڴ֮ʱ䣬̾˵ԭԹ簡
ĵ˹Ĵ˵ףԭϣȻôһǿȦӴڡ
缸ʵȫֶϡٵĵǱȻи⡣
˵ִѧǹǳֲͬ⾳
Ρᵽʱһأ΢΢ˮƽѾﵽʦѵЩֲ𣿡
һ;ֹ̤뵤֮󣬷֪һأȻոʱԶңǴСôﵽпܳˡΡƵ˵һ˿֮
ͬʱĸ̾ᣬѾﵽһˮ׼δǳ֮
ѧ磬ΪԼΡԼĹŵʮһͽ뻯ƽߵ֮ˡ
ĳԱ黹Ҫ߳Σʮʮ󣬱ʦڣ
ҽԵʶһ㽻ѣΣΡ˵øӾˣҲϸıȽύ˵
ʶһλδʦ͸ΡһɽҪøмֵ
Ȼô˵Һܸ˳ΪѡҲͬصĻش
һλʦύȻҲҪ̶ȵľˡ
ΡԣʱãϸЦ˵֮һ£飬ͳͨһϵʽɣԺ㻹Ҫ̡
һգ¶ɵɵɫȫ벻ѧλޱȵʦȻͳΪѣ
ᱡļһεºܣܹһλʦύ٣
ʦҪԼԺ̣뿪˵ЩʲôȴΡһۣ飬ü֣˵
ʦҲҲӣֻþС죬ͳ˵绰롣
ΡӼӣӲֻϣ˶磬һֱ鸺𵱴Ͳġ
ͽõĺ֮󣬸ΡɫƵЦ֪Ƿпգס̸һ
ΡȻں⣬캣е庣Ҳһױλס϶ã˲ͳύĻᡣ
ܱǸϣһҪȥ˾ϰࡣǸ˵
Ǹϰ壬Ρ鶼һ
ôһ֣ȻҪϰɻ治֪ôģѵӵɽ֪
Ϊݹͽ㶼׬ǧ
ʿ٣ΡôͣҲǼʶˣûжʣֻź˵ȻˣǾ͵ȳпգɡ
˵ͷҪ븵ΡʦͽͻȻ֮䣬ΡһڣֱϣɫϣƺڳŲСʹࡣ
ʦۿһ죬æסΡӡ
ɫһݣү˵òᰡ
еʵϣǱַǻ¾Ϣ˰ɡ
ûȻܿҵƣĪ㻹ͨҽΡ΢΢ſڣǿʹʵ
Զһǫһ䣬ֵϣ㲻Ļҿ԰ݻһơ
ڵˮ׼޷ʱϵˣõȵͻ֮ơаҽ䡷һֶ˵ҩøҩ
϶һЩ˷ǿɰ쵽ġ
ϼ˵У˵ͷ
븵ϲҪתϢҸԪˡɫ˵һֻƣڸΡϡ
뱩¶Լܣ˵ԪڸΡܲܲеĲͬǾͲҪǵˡ
ΡƽӴ֮䣬оĴһۻޱȵԪȻȻֹЪ޾Ϊ֮𺳡
û뵽ûͻȻ˾ĵزΪʦҪϲ֪ٸΣ
ǳ֮ǰϹΡҪڹĹˡ




70¡Ԫ
 

ų룬ΡеԼʹм˺ܶ࣬ϢҲңɵ־ϲ
Ȼҽ֣ڸоöˡΡ˵ţվϵѪɫѾָ糣
Ҳû뵽һ־Ȼ棬һ¾ʦ˵õƽϢ̲סεʵǲа취κʦˣ
ΪΡĹŵӣ֪ʦÿ˷ʱжôʹࡣ
ҸΡǱھˣִҽѧ޷ƣλعѾ˲ٹҽʥ֣ʾĪ
쿴ֶΣвɵȼһ˿ϣ
һ˫εĶ˼Ƭ̣Ż˵үӵ˵ȻƣҪҶƵԪܹ׿
֪ɷ۸һԪ캣жЩžóõıꡣΡ˵ţ¶֮ɫ
һΪѾﵽ۷壬ʦֻһ֮ңû뵽֮£һִˣΪ䲻٣˵Ѿ޷ͻˡ
ΡһѧۼɵĻ䣬˵а취κˣͻϣһʱ֮侹ʮּ
˼ĿǰһûƺõԪĻ·˸Ρһˮ
вʵʵܹƳ𣿡
ڲУԪҪһʱ䣬һҪõҩġ٩٩
ݡаҽ䡷أԪһֿ԰ΰٲ޸Ԫ鵤Ȼҽͽ׵ĵҩƵҩ֮ˣΪҪﵽϡ
Ԥƽҹٴ֮󣬾Ϳͻ֮ԪҲҪ֮󣬲ܿҩƷ
֪ԪҪʲôҩģȥɹơΡ䣬һС
ʮҩĵƣֿ죬ЩҩĶֻϵļ±Ȼ˵ʦϽ˲ɹ
Ρ˵ͷԳм˵лˣֻҪȬʲôҪģԸ˵
֪ΡĶǿߣ϶ǷͬСɵġ
ǻҽҪκøΡģûҪʲô꣬µһЦүӣԵΪѣұһԪʲô
仰øΡĿӲͬˣ˲书ǿϣ˵ʮֵܿɹ
¸ΡҲἰǮƱЩ֮ֻЦݿ˵Ȼˣұռҩ֮󣬸͹ȥ֪ס
庣һűɫȻ˵
Ρʱһ档
Ҳס庣Ȼ֪һűļֵ
û뵽Ȼһűˣ̼ģ
ֲܾ꣬ԭһλ񺾰
˿֮߰ģҲҿˣΪԼ书ֻʦһ֮£屳ǹһ㡣
ĳȴʵ֮ϣСС캣УȻ˲Ի
Ȼʵе㲻ģϾʣʮһͻСɣʱգԼϳѧ磬Խ
š
˵ı飬΢΢һЦϣû£Ҿȥ˾ˣҩռ֮󣬿ֱ͵һű˽յġ
˵ͷּȻר˴
ĿͳȥʵʦѵĺһҲǵʦ𣿡
ֹǵҿϰ츳ʱգʦҲпͻƣΡĻֹס𾪡
СŸΡ䣬̶ʮͽ뻯ʦУѾĻ֡
Ȼµĳ޵˵ˮƽδֱܽǲˣ
һλʦζʲôΡֹһκ齲
߾ѵǹ룬κɲв˵ԪӲӵǻҵĴھκβõ֡
ʦǾһĴڣţձеУֱֶκ
ݸΡԣ̤֮ּĴöֺ磬ʦζϵȨƣ

ʦͽ󣬳ϼܲһƽ˾ĹȥԭΪûʲô飬ʱ᰾Ͱȥ
ܲð칫ɳϣųһֹӣȥء
ôˣ̲סʵ




71¡ƻ
 

ϣҲμһƻᡣƺԥ˺ܾãŰѻ˵
ʲôƻ᣿
Ľ͵˵Ǿƻᣬʵ캣иͷҵǢ̸ĽᣬҽҪȥ̸һ׮⡣
ܣ̸ҸҶһϲͨεĵ
ҡ²ȫ˵ĵĵǡ
ԴӱɱϮ֮һֱĳлΣգɱϮʱչ֣ᰵ˰ȫУ֪䣬úͳһ𣬾һݰڡ
˼ֻǵϯҽʦְλҲҪͬԼȥμҵƻᡣ
ˣȥɡһɫˬĴӦ
ôǿӲϾŮ֮һùɫ㣬ȥƻ̸⣬ҪǱĻϲļһͲˡ
ʹߣ⵱һء
Ӧһ˿ϲվ˵²˳٣ǸԻȥ·Ȼһȥƻɡ
ʱOLװװμʽƻᡣ
֮ǰװѧУ㿪˵Ȼȥ캣ѧ㻻·ѧУſڽҡ
Լ֮󣬳ȥѧУװټʱǰһ
ֻᰴһɫĨȹ¶磬µĻ߳ĳƵİ𪼡ǰһʯ󣬹ڡ
ʩױƽһģħģѧУſڽѧֻǿһۣ;Ϊˣ
ּŮǹʶĿҫ֮Ͱɫʮְ䡣
ŵ۹Уɫݵᰵĳ
ԭŮΧ۵ɵ¶һʹļ׵ı飬ԳǸĽʺȫӿͷˡ
ӿ캣һ߹ǼƵ꣬˵ص֮ᰴųƵȥ
ƻᰲھƵ¥ʱѾ۽캣еĶҵңȥ˶¹ڳžƱ̸̬ЦŮҲⱦüдһŮǿ˵š
ΧڸԵСȦ໥ƣ̸
᰺ͳ֮󣬱вĿⱻȥȻ󲿷ĿⶼͶյᰡ
λɽŮһǳþƻŮȻʧɫ
ʿǷ׷׾̾Ϊᰵòۡ
һȦһɧװӿᰣӵɳˣ֮󣬲޵٣λܲᰰɣһŮ
ǰ٣ᰡװ˵ģᰵø껣Ҳ˾ƻֳ
٣һ¡װһЦ˵
˼ȺףһЦЩ竴ٶͬˣϲƯŮˡ
Ȧټģһڣû˸Һ
û⡣ڴӦȻͳһ᰺ͳǰ
᰿껾ȻҲھƻᣬüһ˵껣ôҲˣ
ܣ¶ѵһ𣿡˵漴Թ޵Ŀһ۳
һǺװױ˼
һȥ껵Ļ
ˣһ£λŶ³Ĺӣơ껻һתԱߵİװ
ԣԭûȥעǰװڿ˳һۡ
캣ǰʮĴҵʵۺ񣬺ϼҲйҵġ
Ŷ³Ķһɫ࣬Ǻ껻һ᰸ûһ˿һ֮ύ˼
ƿһ䣬ĸˣһ˵˵ϼܲ᰾ɫǣһȻ鴫ܽѣ֪Ͳ
̸Ļ飬ûȤ˵һҲ竴ӡ
ɫһŮ˸ģ᰻ǵһܾύŮˡ
ĵױһЩĿŵϣЦ˵ܣһ򲻺ô˸и
ԣ˲üƣǿû
ھƻϣ᰾Ժĸһš
ŭ˵Ҽŵϯҽʦʲôࡣ
ʲôϯҽʦһ˴򹤵𣿡Ʊĵ˵ܣֶƻᣬһпûʸ




72¡
 

ֲҵĸܽΪʲôܽƼĻؾ
˵ʲôŲھͽбȥƶʱŭϴܣһ˴򹤵˿ȻҺ졣
ЦЦ˵Խнп
Ƽһȫ֪ôӣŭʢҪſڻȴס
٣ûҪֲСȥ
Դ֪ʮְҵɱֵΧɱ֮º֮󣬾Ͷļɵ
Ȼûۿʱôɱ֣껾СӾа֮ġ
óȻбԸֿܿԣ룬ڳƶߵ˵˼仰
֮󣬳ƶԳһ˵СӣơȻ߳ƻ֪ıʲôȥˡ
Ī߿ое
ҺͼͻкҪһȥ𣿡ʵ
ʼ˵ˣС
ҲǿһȽϤҵȦӡ
һӱðһεĲǰϷŸָߵʳˮƣԹԵĶһƷͬʱɨƻᡣ
ʱһϤӰ
ʮ߰꣬ͷۣ˲һ̺ۣƽһɷ
һ毺áзϵ˱һȺԹΧţЩģȻʮڷС
ɣȻҲˡһ¾ϳӡ
ڳɵʱҲÿλжʱ˫ĿһȺ
үҲμӾƻ᣿ϲɫ˵
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⸱Ƶ̬ȣȴһȺܸǵɴ
ҿô캣к绽ϴкһӣ
Щҵܣ˵仰ء
ʱλҲ΢ɻʵɸ磬λǣ
˵ĳүɶ˵ʱ˼֡
һƽʱô뺷ˣȻ̬档
һ˵ɫ΢΢һ䣬˹Գ˵ԭǳүĴˣɵݡ
˵ţųû뵽ϹǸ书ͨĳүȻᣬ벻
áһ䣬Ѿɽ¥飬߹ӡ
һܸǼɾȻԳ˱ϹϾƺԷΪүֱţѵ˱ͨ˲ɣ
Щ˻ЩͷԾѾӦҪûͳύһ
ϴλ˭һλ󸹱ܣʳ˴ҵ
֪ϲ°˰ֶ˵үҲܹģûһȥɡ
ܼе㲻ˣʱҶʣϽ˻ȥ
еֵĿɷһۣǽ캣жƻᣬ̽ˣΪǵĲҵת׼ģû뵽ɻǲ֪Ƣ
ɱһɣ¶εЦݣһӰȫޡ
ΪһУǸ޹ϰپʮȤ
ܸн֮ɺݶϵģ˳һ
үղŲ˼ϲӦ˽ºкġˣԷˮơ
˵ûϵôҲˣ
ǹ˾ھҪУͱеҵҽʵ
ԭˡ˵ͷ
ɼӺڰͨԵĴУתͳҵˣԺĹ˾Ҳ캣еͷҵ֮һ
һԵݺЦ˵үҲ£μӾƻᰡ
֪Ȼ书ǿֻһ캣ѧδҵѧȻҲμƻᣬΪŮ˵ĺġ
ģϼŵܲá˵ţһġ
ɵʱᣬϼŵܲãǸ˵еĳŮ
ԭүˣȻˣ
ϼܲйϵȴһ뷨Ŀһת΢Ц˵֪үɷһܲøʶأѰҵܹϼϣͺˡ
û뵽һ仰ݲ׽̻ɵţǸ
ǿǿ϶ϼҲޱ׵飬뵽ᰵļڲʹӣܹɵ᰾ͲôԮˡ




73¡
 

˼Ƭ֮󣬱㿪˵û⣬ǱӦ꣬Ҿͽʶ
Ŀ⣬ɺһҵȦӿȥһ۱㿴ò˽̸
λŮܲú˵ʱⱣһľ룬ɷԼͬ뵽˵ĴŹȻġ
ǲ֪үʲôֶͨΣȻܹ׽
ûϸ룬㿴Գ֡
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ү㡣ɹĿͳ߿ݶһۣȴ
ܣʲô飿ߵǰ΢΢ʵ
᰽͵ҺλܿͷⶨһݵƤչͬ׼̸ͬϸڡ
֮ǰ̸λҵһۣ˼ҪԼһᣬʲô⡣
ȥɡɫ糣˵
ĻλܶʱĵЩˬò׻úᰶĻᣬôͻȻ˸ݣ
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ܣݵƤͬϣһԸ֮ܿżɽ˵
һԸ壿ܣⲻϳɡᰲüͷ֮ǰĺӦΪ֧
ݵƤֵͬڣǰϼţһԸûġ
Դ֮ܲǺһֱΥ¼Ӫֱ½
үȥǸ޼ɵб˽ңڼʽתҲʮѡ
ҪһԸڵĿڵϼ˵ǣһȫˡ
ܣǰǰڣүӵķϣҿԸڸ̸ȫһҵ֣Ϊõʮ
İһǰүүʱ򣬰λܶٵ⣬Ÿ߹ܣүүȥܾͷˣů̬
ֻݵƤͬʮҪش캣ҵλãչúõĻϼŵʵһΣڱصõġ
ܣȻᵽүүǰǼŹزǷڸģѵӦһֱ𣿡᰾Լƽ͵˵
ܣֲĵԼͷϳˣǺĻҪǼŵĹٺúÿһ°ɣ˵ֱ꣬վ׼ˣһҲӡ
߳ſڣ̲ס̾һ
ҵ̸УֻܴƵλһ㷴ĻᶼûУǼʽۺ񣬿תŲ뱻
һ۵ӣĵҲһ˿ϧ̳սһŮȴžӪһŵѹʵס
˵ϼŵĺ飬߽һˡ
Ŀһ˾Ȼŵ竴ٳơ
Ƶ󻹸һδ󺺣һ⣬ᣬ첲ͨ˵ĴȻ֣¶࣬һֵ֪ǼѪġ
ʲôʵ
ܣ㲻ϲ̸ú̸̸ǹһЦݣᰵ¶زסǹ⡣
˵Ҫ̸Ҳ̸һĮ
竴ٶʲôҵ⣬޷᰼ָ̫ˡ
ϰĮ̬ȣϾ˵ܣող̸һֵڵĵƤصĻҿԳְ㡣
ô̸ֵ֪ڵĵƤͬкһǾɡ
żϼŵҵ飬ҲǾ֣εƤϼŵҵܣȻŵĶ³֪ˣܻܿϼش
뵽һ˲֮䣬١
ĵģǣٺЦô֪ĲҪҪǣ벻Ҫ̸⡣
Ȼ˵˼Ҳһ²µ϶ǻй¶ȥġ
Ϊ̸һڵ⣬Ҫٿ»ġ
껳пܾϺǵҵй¶ơ
ˣ֪Ѿûã񣬴ݶ˵ܰңô
Ҳ׼ǿأ׼ֱ֧ȫˣЦŨ˵ԸӦһĻҲȰҰֳؼƻڵĿ
˵꣬޼ɵᰵľ͵Ϲˡ




74¡
 

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˵˵ҪҴӦʲô᰽ʵ
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᰺ͳϵǣȴûʲô̬ҪֻЦ˵ֻҪҺȼơ
ô򵥣е㲻š
Цûô򵥡˵֣߽һŮԱжӣһƿƺƱȻ֮ǰѾ׼ˡ
б
ŮԱ˵֮˳ȥ
Ŀǰĺƣȫ²͸Ƶ˼
ܣɱɣƶһƣĵЦ
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Ϊϼŵδһ竴ٺȼƣҲʲô
׼һʱһֱĬĳͻȻ˵ܣȰòҪȡ
ȻŮԱ˽ĺδģҳҲųûйζһ϶Ƕᰲ⣬ųֹ
ĻͶȥһɬƺ˵ⱭǱҪȵġ
Ȼҽ书ǿԸȴɢԣеѴϼŵ
ִҪȣҲȰֹˣڣҲֲʲô۶
һƣϱһĨ̫ĺͬʱо巢̵
ܣǲǸоȣҴȥյɣƼ⸱ģ̲ס¶аЦ⣬ĹƵóˣ
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֮ԴӦȾƣȻǳƺ˰˽ףһҵܣһԵõΪۣǸӶȡϼŴȨ
һ⣬վȥ
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Сӣҵǳ٣ȥɣݺݵЦһ̣ͬһСɽѹ
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ջȭͷоԼһȭ·ҵ˸ְ棬ֹǱۣȷԼȷʵ˳
˵ǿȣѵȸҪӲ
𾪲ѣϸƤ⣬һӣʱӵͲˣСаţܵĹ
һΰͬʱ߬˫ȭøҵĿ
ߣЦУһָڰؿ֮
أ
һӰշɳ˺üףصˤǽϣؿһĿĵѪѪ
һֱָ֮ӽɣһȫԺٳ°뱲ӳ˷ˡ
ŴͣŵĿǰһĻ
ǿİȻƽƽļһһɱˣ
֮УѾߵǰһֱӰѳƵڼӲ֮ϣһְֻסԴ
˵ʲôҩĮʵ
ôı˰ϣΪ竴ٵİԸ̲סŭ㾹ȻҴңҰֿŵġ
飡
ץƵԴٴصȥƸоӶײˣʹѪһ𣬺




75¡˭Ҷү
 

ٺҷϻ³Ȱҡ÷·Ӿĵһ㣬óǼ׹ߣס
оԼӲĻĻɱ촽˵ҡµģһǿҵĴҩ
ʲôãʵ
æش𣺡ûУûУ
ȷųûƭһɿƣȻߵ԰
ʱᰵڵĴҩѾʼɢҪȥҩЧ
ҸղûĻԲ𡭡һǧ֮ᰣȻԳ˵ǸĻΪ˿ĺܺڣҲܺ¡
ûгĻᷢʲô顣
ú˵ԲҲΪ˼Ųôһ仰ĵů⡣
ԭҵģ
ᰶԳ¶һ΢ɾЦ⣬ѳ΢΢һ
᰸סĸ첲
ȻôĲһҩЧھͿʼˣ
㡭ҪᣬֻǸоеվȡɫĽ͵˶
ЦЦǳȥɡ
ųı䣬һ߳ᣬصƻ
ѵ껿ľȻǳƣɫʱ΢΢һ䣬ѵûи㶨
æܽᣬѪڰǽ֪һʱ𾪲ѡ
ԭ书
ıڶȥʮְҵɱ֣Ҳǳɵġ
껵Ķͷɵһ亹־ͷ
껽ɫû˵ǳŭ𣬾Ȼ裡
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ѪŹӣ˾Ծ㵣Ȼ˸Ұѳٴ
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ڨڨһЦٲǣܺϼŵŮܲôܣ϶ҲСɫɲץˡ
ܣ˳٣ǷҪ˵СĶʵ
ᰴʱ෢˵ЩˣδڣһЦѵҴһҲҪǽһ飿
⻰ôɫһ䣬˾ȻҶԳٿڳ֮ԣ
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ЩÿֻǧĹʣٴһ飬ʱ˫ĿҲܳᰴģҪȥԸ
˭Ҷү
ڴʱһɴ˹
˵ˣȻǴϴ󣬳Ǽɫ䣡
캣гƻᣬҲ֪ģһǰкֻǺɰͽĸ̫࣬ɸûд
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ЦûԸү͵ɡ
ҡƶʱȻϴĿֲֹһ˵
ǿ캣еߣȻҲ캣ǰʮĴҵǺڰͨԵĳУԶԶһŴǵġ
գҧҧŬһѿЦ˵ϴҲ֪ѣһᡣ
᣿ոҪҵڵ˵ͦɰȴһЦⶼûУ֮
Ʋټɲ׷Ź竴١
Ͼһﲻҩıڸ
ȻҶԳү֣òͷˣɶԳŭһƶȻһ䣬ɢһɷ֮
캣еĳУɵ֣һŭþƻ˶ľ
˵еϴţ캣жҪȻԷ飡
һɳԼŵһݴ˵ϴҰŶ³ķϡ
ž
δ˵꣬һѾ˳Ƶϣ˲ʺָӡ
⻹û꣬ɽһȭͺ䵽ƵСϡ
һȭƾˣը
νǧһ족˵ľܴըȭͷ




76¡
 

һŵĸܳܵסȭͷɫ͵ͺ죬ӹϺ״ɳȥˤһԲϡ
һϸ΢𣬳ȫͷ֪˶ٿ飬Ѫҽг
ɷͳƵĲ״ȫһļž
λзŭʵ̫ˣŶ³Ķӣ
һΪǸĳ
ڽɪɪҳһ
û뵽ȻйϵɻԳ˹ЧȮ֮͡
뿪ΪûעʱͶ껵ıӰ
ĿһȥǸһ˿⡣
ոڰʱ򣬳Ҳһµ껳ᰣй¶ϼŵҵܡ
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ҶȥָųƣԾƵ걣
ĸҲӣųҴٳȥˡ
ƻϵĶǿһĻܿᵽ˲һϢ
ţҪһǧˡ
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ڳſͻǣѾоԺҪŶϾϵˡ
ΪƲɹֵļҲ˼ڵֵ˵ֱɻҪֲ
Ŀһеᰣ˸һƬ֮ɫ벻Ȼʶִ
һͨҽ书ǿڸǶȻǿı᰾ԼԽԽ͸ˡ
ܣһ£λɻݡ΢ЦŸ᰽ܵ·ղŴƣֻһ΢С¡
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ɺݶЦ˵á
ڳУܣﶼԳ岻ѡ
үѾλŮܲøݵˣ
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ԣһ˿ϲȻ֪캣ж
˵ɿĹ˾׼ˣʱһ캣̽ͷ
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Ϊҵ飬ϼ֮áȻʡ
ݼӦЦȡһ̽Ƭݹȥдһ˾ڼš
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ˣҽе㲻ɷٺǢ̸ҵ΢Ǹ˵
æ˵Ȼû⣬ɩܼȻúϢɡ
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ݻ˳еɷһۣȥ֮󣬻ҪϹúÿҵѧ
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һԼų壬ɲᣡ뵽
ڲóסĻȫվסֻɷȥˡ
һһǷһЩƵ顭ţ̲ס͵˳һۣöĿ⡣
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СɺݿݸܲǸеŮǿˣڳүߣȴ·һСŮ
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ʱƻϵĶǷ׷Χ˹᰿һ
Щ캣֪Ĵҵǣǰ̷׷ͳƬҵ
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ղŻĸһݵƤͬȴһӱĳôҪϼź̽ܡ
һУΪ
Щһ̽ţ۹⾫ĺܣΪеɶôͽΪ˻ϼѰȻҲ
ɵڼźϼǿǿϣδ캣̽磬˭ǵĵ֣
Ȼ޷Կǣһ
һߵƬһһѷ֮óƤˡ
ʱһϤװҲڨڨЦܣ֮ǰǷݵƤֻͬҪԸǩ԰֮ǰ֧
˾֮ǰܾǩƤͬܡ
һЦ˵Ѿˣ
ֳôҵҶźϼź˭ںһССĵƤ
ڣڸޱıһ֡
пһúݵһ
˼Ȼǰ֮ǰڵĵƤ۸񿳳ڣһҪȽأ濴鸶
¡ү۸еˣҡһɬ˵
üһܵĻ
ûʱܳƤ۵ظϼŵ˶ǡ




77¡ⶾ
 

ԱһزܲԹɫ˵㻹ҺͳүּۻۣÿɣҺͳү̸
ܻ˵ЩʲôѾ˼ȦӣҲٿһۡ
ͻȻӿһںͿ־壬Լôôɵȱأ
źͳּۻۣôû뵽еĹϵ
˾ǿƤɵĵ֮ϣֻҪʩֶΣ˭ǿأ
Ǽ䳦Ӷˡ
ۼôҵύеε˵ܲӭϼϵֺ
˷׷׵ͷӦ绰һݽб棬ȷԼ˾ϼŵĺ
ɡݵ󣬳߳¥Ϸ庣ķȥ
ұ֮󣬴ʱѾ˯ˣᰵĿͳԿ״򿪱š
ȥ¥Ȼеһаֱϴܡ
ԭڴҩҩЧѾ׷˫Ŀ룬췢̣Ѿȫȼ飬һֻצڳϡ
ôһƷﱧסһ¾˷Ӧ
Ѹٰ᰺ᱧᰵҡ
ɽ˵Ҳõõż࣬ȴϾֱͣӰ᰷ŵ˴ϡ
ĥôⶾһһ⣡
ԭѧУװʱ򣬰֮ǰװûд
ȡҺҪڴԸϵľȹҪ
ȻĻ컵ĳóһԳϽҧҧԼѹ
ֻ򵥴ֱķˣ
Ѿû˿ԥְᰳ·
ŮƬƵĽǸȻ˵ܣԲˡ
˵žͰ᰷ԼҲϣһƷֱסᰵǰغͺ󱳡
ţĬƻ۶ȥעᰵڡ
ҪаҽϵĴ鶾ҩ⡣
ⶾٶȻĶÿ죬ҲΨһķ
µǿҩʵ̫ˣʹǳҲ˰Сʱղɾ
оᰵѾٷ̣һ
˳Ѻ֢Ҳһΰɡ
ʱ䣬Ҳһˣýڶκ֢Ƴ̡
᰺ԼڴߣһֻưСʼƺ֢
֪ǰСʱȥ
һγȻƣûеһƺ֢ʱôˣϾΪѾܶࡣ
ʱѾ˯ȥϱӣһ˿糺죬˫ƽʱ˪ó̲סЩ鶯
̫Ѩ߳ϷţҪɳϣ¶ֻ
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Цص裬һû˯ء
û˯ͺãôˣദĺòðĵʵ
Уԥһ£Ǿ˵裬Ҹˡ
ˣ绰ͷְο˵Ůһֱе˾ͷ˰ɣĺδ޷ݣ˵ǲǣ
İοһů⣬΢Ц˵öԣѾˡ
˲źðӣҸ˵£иѣŮϸɼ̫ã˲ϰѰ˼ɼĩȥæϰ£׬졣񲻽˵
ҾƶŶӿһʵϰҲ׬˶ǮȦ￴иס캣еĺýã׼дѧŮϰ˾͸ӽ
ϰ裬ڹͦæģȥˡһȤҲûУ˸
ͨҪ׬ǮǷַӵ¡
ӣѾӦ˼ң㲻ȥӾû˰ȥе㼱ˡ
һæӦðɣĩȥǰסﰡ
סڱ԰903ţֽպ磬ŮѦʮꡣ˵꣬˶ֲˣ̵ɷѦлصλΰ칫ΣȥǼҪ㣬עò
֪ˣ衣Ѽֶ
绰ͷͻȻû֮󣬳յһϢһһƬһӰɫTɫţж̿Ůӣ崿ʩ죬мɫ
վһŷʽѧУſڣʯдšѧĸ֡
Ѧһаֹһ䡣
ִֻС̵Ůô
ʲôô裬̵ŮŶ㲻ǰɣЦõ˵
Լʲôһһ׼




78¡Х
 

㲻Ǻû̸ѣ˴ѧǾͿԽڲסϲɫҺ̶ͨˣҲ㲻ϰʱ򣬱ӡ֣֪
һջŮĿǣٸʣ裬֪ô
СҪúñ֡ţȻְպĵ绰뷢
֮󣬸Ͻתƻ裬﹫˾̸һӣܸҷʮ齱ھ͸תȥ
绰ͷɴӣŵ˵С㲻ƭɣһʵϰôֵܷôཱģ
㲻ŵĻھͿ԰ܵ绰㣬ȥʡЦ˵
׫һڣҲΪ˲軳ʮԴҪԲԲˣ϶Ҹᰴ绰
Ϊһûӵ¸ŮӺһСҸ캣ϼŵܲô绰æ˵ţС
־ϲҲǱο
ĸЩҳҶϵ绰֮󣬳Ͱʮת˹ȥ
һθβĶʮ򣬲һھͻˣһ㶼š
ָһκ֢ͬõʮ򣬶ҽҪȥʯڣʱƾ͸ۣһҹкѣ
ֻ߳ұһűȥ
ŨŨҹɫܿص˫̥ŮɹɵſڵȺš
ǴǶ孷ĺɫŮװοɰ˫޳ȴ˿ߵĺ˿ǡ
ˣиƯĽһҩģ˵Ҫġһţ˳˵
ٽŽĻ˵ȥˣҩľͷڿϡ
˵ͷֻ߽һŸߵ沣ϣʮҩģƮҩ㡣
һ֮ڣѾռԪҪҩģȷһû©ȥ˯ٴ̨֮ϡ
泯޾󺣣ȶĶڵ״̬֮󣬲ſʼת
һ߳ˢ֫ٺķҲһ죬ȻĿʼҪоžŰʮһ죬ͻ硣
ת񽥽һֿ״̬忪ʼɢ΢ɼİ׹⣬ŵǰס
ľ֮Уʱһһεţͬһʯԭأ˿
ϡ⽥ĳ΢ʱ̣һֺմӺ˳ҫء
һڳϣȻ۾վ˫Ŀȣ볯âԡ
˿̵ĳѳɣԪȹĵ·޷Զ·ʱҪȥ
ͻȻſڣ쳤Х
ƽؾףХԶԶĴ˳ȥƳǣ
庣ıȺХ˲Լͬĳ󺣿ȥ
󺣳ХΪХӺд
˶Х壬һ𺧣ܶŷĸ˼ҸǳݣΪǺŭ
庣ĳŵ֮УΡҪȥХ㶼¶֮ɫͣ˽Ų
ʦͽУХǾ
ΪʦĸΡХ֮ڶ
ѵ庣һλʦ
ΡĿ⾪ɣɫһ䣬һۣ˲Լͬ뵽һ֣
ʦǼһﲻһҹ֮䣬ͻ˰ɣвزסԾʵ
ҲȷΡ̾˵ӢţУΪǧʦ
ǿǸΡһ޷ľ磬֪Ĳɵ
һҲ̫ˡ̲סӣ˵
ֻǵˮƽҲҪþòϣϣҪԽǴˡ
ұڴϵҲĳХѣ͵ŷԼȻӣ
ӲסԼҪе̻顣
ֻǵԼ±˴ҩĺƺ󣬱رȻԼϷ߳ܵĻų·
֮飬᰾ȫǵˡ
һŷļٳ뺣ףѵԼǸˣ
ᰶʱּæӣִûѪ
ټԼ壬Щ֮⣬ҲŰһ
һﻹ˾ӡԣ
뵽ԼӶˣᰵʱһƬɺ죬¸סͷ˽ȥ
飬֪ԺôԳˡ




79¡
 

̤˾񶼻Ȼһ£Х󣬴泩ǹЦص
ҲХѣ˯˯߳ңɵúʵˣղǸ˭ѽ
ǺɡЦЦ˵
𣿡ʵһû˯ѵӣƺѧϰѧ̫ˡ
ˣȥˢϴɡͷ˵
ΪеĶӣһֱиɰãٵĳ֣Ըһ˫ɣȻСŮֻǰԼŮ͡
߽ԡңԼʮװҩĵĴȻ϶¥˸䣬Ϸš
׼峿ʱ䣬ԪƳ
̣ɲܸ¥µ˫̥ûƼԻ߸ǵ˼ۡ
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аҽиҽ򲡣ɣȡڴá
ϵһͻȻ˱仯ʼɢ˿˿
аҽԴ⣬ȴӵ仯֮󣬿¡ŵȲͬԣֻǾ֮һСɣʲô¡
ܿڸֻ¶ȣûиоԼκѾԳǧȵĸ¡
֮󣬳ڳ׳ķ룬ʱ˵½СɵĴˡ
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ջ񣬳ʼԪ
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鵤նԣ֮˶£ûΡһɫ˵
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һʦĴ񣬾Ȼһ̹Ȼӡ
ҪԪûЧһҪúýѵһ١
˵Ĳֻ࣬һ¡
ĻҲһЦүӣھͷµҩɡ
ΡҲЩȲˣԳ˵ͷֱӰԪ̽Уʱоһɢůķǳ
ҩЧڶ̶̲ӵʱɢޱȵ޸ŸΡڵƣ˵ľҲһ޲ţΡܹܵԼ˿ʹϢ
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ʦɫ֪ƵĵҩȷʵЧ¶˼Ŀ⿴ųһ书ǿ֮⣬̫֮ͨˣ
ɲųʲôִҽҩרңΪԪ鵤ҩԲִҽѧԽ͵ͨġ




80¡š½
 

ôģ̲סʵ
ˡ޿ɷ档һЦ
ΡԼŮͽһۣ飬ô˼ң
ܹƳĵҩҪǹȥԻܵһѸ׷ϾǲȱǮעصľ彡ԪǵԸ
һ븹ΰٲҽˣؽŹ֡
ԪƷ͵޾ĲƸ϶֮˵ܣôȷʵͻˡ
ʦѵһ䣬ֻգգ۾ԹԱ͡
ˣ֪κүǱʲô˴˵ģ֪⡣
ΡЦһԺŵһλֽ֣½졣
š½죿΢΢üʲôɵ
ΡĵĽ͵ڻ֪ܲںѧ磬ͷĻ֯պգѹǰϴš
ŶôЩ˼顣
ڹϿʮǰڹڷչܲƵǵǼιΪά⻪Ĵ֯˵֯ﻹϰʦάźȭһ
νĺţȫû˵ˡ
ΡЩɻ󣬺Цż˵ǽʮһѧ֯½֣ʮǱĿޣʮ֮ʣͻƵ𾪺ѧ磡Ҳŵʵһٳš
ҿүһԪۻ룬Ӧ޵۷˰ɣ½첻ɣôܹˣʵ
½ͻƵǰˣʦһ֮ңΡ΢¶֮ɫһǰںǱޣ½սְ֮󣬱һзӡؿڣɳˡ
Ρ˵ţĿ⽥·׷䵱ǳ֮ս
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Ρᵽ½죬ü߷߶ʦǸ½д裬˵õ㵽Ϊֹȴͻ֣պһҪȥΪֻع
ˣ½Ϊ׷ǲͬΡ˵׷߾磬ɲΪǿݡ
Ρ˻ЦЦ˵Ҹͬү
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ˣ֪ûһХΡͻȻ£ſʵ
΢΢һɫ糣˵ȷʵˣǲ֪˭Х
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΢Цҡҡͷ뽫鱩¶ȥ
ʦҾ˵ǸХĸ֣ԱȳġеС˵·ԼǸѹһͷĸˡ
Ҳ磬ЦЦÿɷ
ǳХ֮˼һʦлĻȥݻһΡ˵ţһĽ֮ɫ
ܻһλʦ潻ĻᣬǳرǸΡѴﵤ۷ĸ֡
ɫ˵캣ѧôСǸ˾庣Ӧлġ
Ρ˵ͷͻȻʲôӻͳһźɫ˵˵캣еѧ磬һλȥһһȵл䣬֪ǷȤһͬǰȥ
Ŷл䣿΢΢ȵ
Խ͵캣Скͽĳдٰᣬÿ궼ٰһΣٽߵѧˮƽ
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ڱĩ
Գһ£ĩȥѦϰ
ϰʲôģȥһˡİǴ˸үӵ롣
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սг͸оеƽʱһߵλϣ״չ˵žϰ֮󣬾ȥʮ¥Ĵҡ
һ£ŷӦžƳΡ
һԼʲô²ھ칫̸Ҫصصȥ
ѹеɻ󣬴˵ʮ¥
һĴңƽʱֻϼŸ߲㿪ᣬŻʹá
߽ʱŷѾλߣʮŮְӢĴ硣




81¡Ȼ
 

һۿȥľǼܲᰣ˿ü΢вãڿɫ΢΢òȻ
ҹ飬һ죬Ϊʲô¶ָӵ顣
ַλһɫĿˣһ˲˵ӡ
ˣͫ΢΢һǺ껸
һͶĿ⣬껸ǻһЦݡ
Ŀѵ֮껾Ȼһ޿ֵӣƺʲô̡
ַλһλ󸾣Ȼⱦβסüۼ֮ࡣ
Ҳ۵һ˿֮ɫ漴ٿ
λѵᰵ²
ĿٴƶƳκ²ľܿҲУ쾭ϵȫˡ
ϼŵľ棬λϻʮǳûģЩ˲ǼŹɶǷֹ˾ĸ߲㡣
ϯҽʦһȻôļӰ껿ڣ䳰ȷ˵
ĻĿһͬ۽ڳϣЩ˵гᰡƳλܲļλ߲֮⣬󲿷Ŀⲻƣǻһϵġ
΢΢ѹֲɫأԭϼŵĸ߲㣬󲿷ѾǺ򣬼ǵϵ
Դүȥ֮󣬼űƽͣʵȴӿ߲ΪϵභѾ˼ˮݵĵز
ܲϵƵһϾᰲܲʱ䣬ǺѾʮļ
Ҳ°ɡ᰿ڣûҵ궯ƽϢ
ۼ˵룬վǰһְҵĿ˵ӦŸ߲Ҫǰٿܽ飬һȼžӪƣҲλ֡
黰䣬ڳ˱㽻ͷӶձЩء
Щ˶ǼŸ߲㣬Ȼ֪½Ʊ˽ٷ֮ʮ㣬ҽڸʽתѣʼ벻ˡ
ȥŻ᲻ѭ֮У䵽캣жҵҲпܡ
˶ӵǰ磬ҲɺϾΪȻǾǺ껸
ܼ㱨һ²״˵
յ˾ͷǡһȺɶڴſڣҪǰٿȻ飬ֱܲһӡ
ȻļȷŭΪ˴֣Ҳֻͬ
Ȼǲƣᰱ˳ǵԸȲ񱨸һ˭ǵϼ״»ס
ܼ׼վʱǴһӣ˵㱨ͲˣҶ֪Դ֮󣬼žͿʼֱ»еԭΪ
ǣʲô˼˪ʵ
ʲô˼Цһ˵ᰣҵֱμܲã̽羭飬žӪƣѵһɵ𣿡
üһ˵Ȳ񱨸ʾӪļȫǹķֹ˾㻹ѹȫƸң
ų⣬ΪܲþӦóеΣܲãǵʽѾֶѣ㵹˵˵ôƤЦⲻЦתƻ
ͫһʽѣڿʲôЦڻûôӵĴ
ܼ಻ֱǲ䲻ȵ˵
᰿Ųֻܼ࣬ԥ˵ܣҹҴ绰ҪҴӼʽתڣ𡣡
ôңʵ
ܼӲͷƤ˵ҹҸ绰ִͨߵúܼҡ
δ˵꣬᰽΢΢һʣڿתʽȻˣ
һŵʽ׶ѣ롣
ɲǼףһŷĳ뺣ס
ܣһߵĿʽνͿܲõֶˡᰵı飬̲סһĨЦݡ
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ʱֱߵĿڵᰰ˵û»ͬ⣬һ׵ļһϯҽʦ˵㣬ҪСҲֵεİɣ
ﲻѣһھ÷ɷס
ô༯Ÿ߲˵СǶˡ
Ҳ̲סˣЦ˵ŶΣˣֳ԰ʳ˻ܣǿЦ
˵ʲô˵԰ʳʱŭɶһҴ򹤵ģֵõ˵




82¡ƹ
 

˶һĿȻϯҽʦǺһǼŸôǲҪˣ
Էŭȴ治ɫһЦӽ쿪ʼֲ˵ľͻˡ
ߣԲѣϲԼλãϯҽʦˣҹȥĶԳȵ
Ƹģ˭ᰶȻվɢɿܵơ
ԣŭЦðᰣүӻԵ˼ҵڼʽѣҪô
а취ص
ԣЦһᰣ㻹ʲô취иҿܲҲȥˡ
˻һڳ֮˵ʱɫ䣬Ǻȴޱ飬ƺ֪ǻ˵ⷬ
ûǽǴ˹ƹ֮ܲλģ
᰽ųĹϵɵڼŴߣȥǡ
ǵ캣дɺϼźᰶɹѹأҹᰲʤܲôΡ¼ÿºʽΪɣһƹ˲һĻ
ǣԭʵĿġЦ˵
ᰣǶ»һ±ֹһ˵ĮȰжΰɣ㲻ʺλá
ǲԱ㣡ƳβһվܲүӸģʲôȨϳ
ƳΣֲ˵гһְҲһжɡûƳŮ
ǼĬȻӹһ˿Цݣʽ˵»һ¾жȥ᰼ְܲλͬʱжȥϯҽʦԼƳгһְ
һ̣ɫƳνҧܲһϵĸ߲ȫһҰס
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ǡ껺ôѶʱһ
ôʹô
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ҲһۣΪûʸ˵
ĿϬĿ˵򸱶ܾӪƣ¼ʽΪɣҪж֮ܲλǰɣ
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ı鱻۵ף˵ĹĶǣǼ˵ܰܽʽ⣬ϼһ̨أ
ЦƾܰõǲмЦ
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ǿ᰼ٽƸϯҽʦ֮С
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ĸʵ
Ůɨһۣų˵ҽʦǾġ
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ŮǻԲĻش˵ҪǢ̸ҵϣͶġͶϼš
ȷûи껾ɲʵ
ȻǰӾƻ뿪ûпһڸܰͽĳɶԳ̬ȣǿġ
˵ƻЩҲһֺóǳһӾչ캣ĸȦˡ
鱻һʣͨһ£æ˵٣ȷϹǶǸҵܣڡóٺࡢζ
һ˶ʮ֣캣еĶҵ
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Դүȥ֮ϼſͻͲʧܻôͻĻϼžһעǿļлгɵڼš
ԭղ˵üŸһΣںԡ
һֱ˵꣬ɫڲôѿҲһ
ǿҩ֮ӾγԼһҪϼź飬ǲ̫ˡ
ֱ棬ᰲ顣
ܻЩŵͶʣôϼŵѹؾ׶ȹ뵽мĿ˳һۡ
һЦȻ˵򸱶ѰõôͻͶʣΣӭж⣬㻹ʲô˵




83¡¥
 

»ִҪжȥ᰺ͳְλǾζʧȥЩŵĺͶʣϼŽױ̡
ڳļŹɶǶҲɫû뵽ȻôǿԴ
۵ӹһĨ֮ɫȻ˵㲻һˣô๫˾˵Ͷʺҿ⹴ᣬͼıҲƲɣ
ⷬʮֻóúЦ
ɶǵĻȴò޵뵽ᰲ׵Ĺϵжôģ
Źɶ󲿷ֶˣô̳һȫͶȥ䱸
ǾȻˣϺΪܲôλҪˡ
ǣ㰵ж̼ŲƲǰְҵɱҪҺͳأҪٵҵ㣡ŷȭҧĳ
仰һ˾Աɫ
ǾȻɱɱ᰺ͳֱĺ֮
㣬˵𣿡Ƴһ𾪵ʵ
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⻹û꣬Ƿ֮Լվһɵȫͳǹȫ׼˳
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ʹ˵껾޴룬Ȼ̧ͷŭӳǲɵģ
Σ
֮ǰֵʱϼһڴһ룬Ч
ֹͣаֶΣһǹ㣡껾ǹų
Һǹָң׹ߣ껣˷ǹһһ
ΣڵϦĸҲӣº;ѻַǹе
оڴԼĶͷʧһȻ˿̻ݲҰףǵһʱֻ
Ѿ˵ˣҰ־ȻŭּĽе
һЦһҪأΪʲôҪȻǣ
һϣ漴һҰˣҾͿǹɱ㣡
ŶԡվԭأĿƽĿѽ競١
û뵽ô˵ѵǹе£
ģͻȻһǹ¶׼Ҫ۶
һӣʧˡ
ţһֻסеǹޱȵ֮УֻͻȻֵƣȻӲѸƵǹ˸飡
˿ų׵ĶȫĿɿڴ
ͽְѸǹ飬ֱǷˣ
һĻڶ¥ѻҲֲֿǲģ
ѻǹѸ뿪캣С
ӦѻȥҲ׷ץס껵죬гɱ⿴껵۾
е϶ʧһеɱңɱң
ҿط񣬵Ȼɱ㣬Ǹһ˿⣬Ҫ㳢ζ
˵ߣֱӰȥ
飬һĲҽ𣬱ӳõŵøεѡ
ҿλϼŴʮ¥ˤȥԻˤǣ
˶ֶ𾪵˵Ȼ飬Ŀɿڴ
ֻһ̤ȻҲ£




84¡ع
 

ʮ¥ȥͨ˵ɱ
ȻͨˣѾ̤ǿԶǳ˿ɱȡ
´֮󣬳ȫԪת˫ббϼŴõĲϣƽذ¼ٻȥ
˾׵ľٶǱ˭ŵֽŷ
ܶƽʱϿЩͽ¥ļ˶Ƶ᲻ֽ֪ų
۳ʮ¥ĸ߶ȣûκΰȫʩŲٻ䣬綼ô
һĻˣŵ÷׷׼г
¥ˣ̲ס
Ƶᣬһ㾪֮ɫûУٶԽԽ죬桢ˤԽѵʱ򣬳óԺץסĺ󾱡
ֻоԼ˲䱻һֻ˹Źأ֫ſڵϣڴɫɷףѱŵûɢ
ζΣֶ˵
껴˿ﻹ˵óһ𺧵ͫɢӽˣ
⸱ӣ֪һⱲˣԶʮ¥־㲻ɱ껣Ҳһմɵӡ
Χ۵·˿¥˶һʱĿɿڴţ
ԼûһſڵϵǸ·ǿųĿⶼһˡ
ֱǳ˰Ĵڣ
ʱ򣬲Զ˾߰ϼŴſڡ
ְҵɱֳ¼֮᰾򾯷˰߶ӣϼŸһȫϡ
˵᰸ղűʱ򣬾һʱϵֳ
һӵľ³󿴵ˣǰѯ
֪ᰱľþֱȥԼɫմ껸ھ档
»صң˶˼Ŀų
ȻǸղûڲϻĳȥȻһ¶ûУѾ˵֪
ǺǣֶͬΣﻹʲô뷨
ʹѾĵľνͼҵڳָ֮䣬ҷ
˿ҲǱģһӾ͸㶨Ǻ껻ǹֻ֣ʣԼһɡ
ͳԣǾѰ·ˡ
֮᰽ľ֮ǰѾ˽ͼı죬֤ȷ䣬㽫ǡԼЯǹеĸ߹ȫ
Ѿ껳˳մⶼǳΪַġ
˾ֻ߳򣬸ݵṩ֤ݣǸ
Ǳѹųȥ᰺Ƴɫڻ࣬ȴһƬΪѾĿŵϡ
һе׶ǣǱȵģϣдһС˼ƽϡһ־
ĮĿ֮Ҳϣ캣ٿ㡣
ԣңʲô˼Ȼס
ӽ쿪ʼһϼţһϯ֮أݳܵĹҲһС
Ȼȥһɵĸ߲Ҳܿᱻְ߿ϼŽӭһϴơ
棬аһ飬ᰵ¶ϲ֮ɫҪͷ£ڱˡ
лл㡣˵棬ᰶԳϵĸл
֪ڿʼΪ֮£ϼŵĵڶ
Ȼ᰾ҪƸϼŵĸܲá
ϯҽʦѾϳڵĵλ˵óܲʱ߲ȻĽѣҲӦ
Ȼ֮ǣȻھܾˣ
ܣܲһǲˡ
ɬȻһЦϯҽʦѾˣټҪĸܲãҪ
һھܾһ㵣һ֮ǰܾгŸܲöʲô
ǲɵϣƸܲöܾƳ̲סԳ
ܲʲôģҿһȤûСǻ˵
Ƴһըˣ֮õλӣȻûȤֱܾܰѪ
Ҳҭһѵ
ϼŸܲã൱ڰˣλˮǴߣԺ˭Ҷͳ˵ģ㴧֮Ĺϵ
뿪Ȱ˵һʱʮģ
ԭǿ֪淢˴£֮±һͬ̽
Ȼʱ֮ѾʲôҲˡ
Щһֶ׷׶ЦݣĴк
Ҫ̸ңܡæ˵˳תƸܲõĻ⡣
ᰴʱ֪ĶԸ֮ܲλȤֻðڳְҵ΢Ц˵λɣھͿ־
һУֱӾڴǢ̸ˡ
߹ЭᰣʼͿͻ̸ЦЦ߳ţع




85¡
 

᰺͸λ̸⣬صܲð칫ʱʱѾ˰
ʶҪĵ绰ַȥ
һ̣᰾Ȼе㲻֪ôͳ
ոհϼŴԨȳ᰾ôΪ
ֺ£һǸһ顭
æҡҡԴ뾡˵Ժлȥ
ˣ૶
Ҫú˼һ£Ķλ
ô飬ټ򵥰ѳϯҽʦˡ

һ°ؼң֮⣬ҪһƷ
Լңֱϵȡ
Ȼ̺ҪķȴǴһ㣬ܿƵĹгܲסѡ
¼һСͷ䣬ûġ
ſƣסȻһ㺮ķת֮£ڵѾת˴֮ʱ
㺮𽥱þӨ͸һſϻְָصķģҪƱаͱľ
ַ䶼򵥵ֻҪžͿʩչοƣ°빦
ʮ֮󣬱аͱľɣǳ˰ӵаס򾲰͵ųã֮һЩճСУǿ塣
ҳֻ֮ҪÿھͻһСյɢֱǼӼбر
´ϣͻȻоиС΢΢һǹЦ⣬ƳиܵĺʳƳȡ˳
Сһϲǲǣ۴Ц⣬ѺʳƳŵһ֮ϡ
СƳ·˷Ƶģ͵͸飬滶
ĺǺʳϲʳܲȡתɵĺʱգֻʳƻɱ䵽һȫµĲΡ

ڶϣ˾Ҫ¾ͽӵᰵĵ绰ֻ˵һ£º̸̸
ܲõĻǾ˰ɡεЦЦ
̾һԭĲ뵱
ܣദôãҲӦ֪ҵԸ˰ɡĿǣһζܣϡ
˵ʲô㺮ʵ
뼫Լ屻飬û뵽һȻ
ܣᣬֻ˵Ҹһκ֢Ҫٴ֧Ҷʮ򡣡ЦЦ˵
ᰰһƽ˵֪ˣ֪ͨ񲿸תˡ
һܲöȻŰβĶʮҲʮ
ܣҺƳҪȥг飬˵һһ˵ŵ绰һ߽Ƴεİ칫ҡ
ʲôг飿绰ͷһ
ǲŻô¿ͻͶʺôɢļһȻİչг
Ű칫Ƴ΢΢һЦ绰ǹʯгģý춫ٰʯڣҺƳιȥһ¡
ᰲ˵ô뵽ⷽȥ
Ƴһȥι۶ʯڣǱʯг飬ϾʯǱҵɫ糣˵
Ƴ仰ûĵһۣһԼȥʯڣȴˮ붼ÿ
ŶǰɡᰴӦȻҶϵ绰ʼһæµܲù
ЦеĿƳ˵Ŵھ߰ɡ
ߣǵԼ֮󣬱СɲǷˡƳĹĵ˵
ãƳεСһɫıʱ÷ֵȻﲻһǮ
ڿ򶫳·ϣƳαʵȥʯ𣿡
Ȼֹһμ̬֣ʯҪ۶꾭飬пܳΪʦģôᣬͲŻܾͨʯ
Ȼˣѵ㲻öʯҪܲ׬Ǯ𣿡һгģСӼȻȥĶʯ棬Ѫˡ
У˵ʯһΪʯҵŵģҪȥʯϴ˶ǮƳգʵ
ʮ򡣡
ڣ
֣Ƴ̲סһЦͶʮôʯСɲǮ
ȻûʯҲ֪ʯҪѡԭʯЩԭʯ˵ļǧ飬ļʮС
ʵԭʯٷ֮ʮǿģֻԭʯСʳ񣬳ֻжʮ򼸿ԭʯ




86¡ҪľͶĴ
 

Ǯʮ´ˡŵ˵
ʮˣɲҪڱСǰŶƳοɲųá
һСʱٰ֮ʯڵ¶չġ
˸һţͷɽ˺ò֡
һ죬ŶʯڵʢĻڶʯĺͶ
ʯʺƱ£ֻɱнʶһЩֳʯԵøӴ̼˷ܣ˺ÿǶ֮͡
һ֮ڷƱҵڶʯֳ
ټĻ᳡һɨȥֳ¥չżߣÿչԭʯ۸ֱ͵
һ¥ԭʯ۸СС֣ҵʯ棬¥ԭʯۼʮϰĶУȫһЩ۸͡
֪ͷ˵С͹չٰ졣
ĽʯԼĽʯطѩҲʯֳ
طѩû绰ҲͲüˣطѩһ¥Ըԭʯչ̨߿
ڴһӴԸŽӴԱ£ʯٰ췽ǳӡ
֮Ŀɽ˺Ļ᳡űչ֮ҿ϶ܴ׬һʡ
ͻȻϤӰӳ֮УƳʱɫһϲڷƳߵĳʱȴһĨ֮ɫ
Դڰֻʳưɱݺ֮Ͷ֮ǡ
Լ汻ϸʹŹ˿ڻûʱ޿̶ǰĳ֮¡
ֻǳеıҲ˶Ը
绰ƳʯڣʱҲ˵Ҫû뵽ĵˡ
ȵϵԶԶʯֺϷһַʽԼܵ賹׷ȥ
ǹһĨЦƳӭȥ
ƳΣôˡ˫ĿĿƳΣѳƵġ
ƳޱĿһۣôΪ
ȻƳ̬䵭ԵõЦʯ죬ʢǰƳҴιһ°ɡ
ι۰ɣұġƳһ仰ЦȻֹ
Ƴι۶ʯڣƳȴΪֱڴ
һ䣬ƻһ˿ӲЦ˵ȻҲȤҾʹһιۡ
һ¥Ѿûʲôÿģ٣·¥˵
ѿ͸ۣһ¥չ̨ϵԭʯɨһ飬溬΢΢ֵ˷ʱ䡣
Ļǳ鴤һ£СȻϴĹϵ⸱ȴôʹ
ҧҧӲųƳ¥ȥ
¥չһԭʯıۺƷһ¥ȣһΣֵע⡣
٣ôչ̨һԭʯ棿ƤЦⲻЦʵ
΢΢һЦһôҽصٶʯġ
Ŷ֪˶Ǯ¥ԭʯۼۿɲ̽͡Եһ䡣
ʮ򡣡
ʲôЦһĵĿ˳һۣʶϴּģʯȴֻ˶ʮ򣬲ݰɣ
ôʮѵܶʯ𣿡̲˵
ĵȻܶģֻСǮûʲô˼ҪľͶĴģ˵
ȷϳȻɵıȴֻܴʮֺǧĶʯֱ֮ǻУǽǮϣּ˵
ӣµʵʲô
ȻֻôǮɣ¥չ̨ԭʯѡֻҪģҾ͸㣬ôʮ˵
ʯҾٰ죬¥չר
֮ôţΪӼʯԭʯ󲿷ûʵϵģֻǳŽʯڣݺݵһҵʯǡ
Щԭʯһ¥ܶ˶ϵŵ¥Ϳƭܶ಻ĶʯˣϾԽԭʯԽϡ
һЦôģװ͸ԭʯ
϶¥ʱ͸ɨӹһչֶ̨¥ԭʯ̲Ҳǳֻͣһ¥һѡ
֪⣬ϻǲɫʵûԭʯأ
ܼ򵥣ÿһϣҪһ򡣡ǻһĨյЦ⡣
Ƴ˲һڣֻ֪˶ʮ򣬻һ򣬱ΪǮͿȡ֣




87¡ǩԼ
 

ƳΣҿڸһ¸ĻᰡһЦ˵¥ԭʯаٷ֮ʮÿһ㶼ʮϰǮϵĻǧ򣡡
һ˵ö¥ĶʯǶΪĶˣ׷עĿ
˵ĸʸߴɣôĶԿ
ôٸҲҶģ˵һɡôΧۣǵĵ֮ɫˡ
ڶʯȦܾԼǺܶ˵ģϾеûǮĴҺ˶ԶǾǳԼҲС
ôܼÿ׳һ٣¥ĸɣҶ˶Ҫһʶעô㶼ƽɣ
Ȳ˵թ֮ԣÿԭʯһ鿪䣬Ҳһϰ
Ʒʲõʯʮʮͷⶥˡ
Ȼӵ͸ۣĶԼӮȻ竴ĵģѪ
һ˵꣬Χ۵Ķʯͷ׷׵ͷͣöעƽ
ƳҲǻ˵ʯڣôˣ
˿ֿ˿ƳΣͻȻݺ˵Ǻãٿ䣬Ұ͸ģһһ򣡡
ԼΣȲʤȯ
Ͳţʯ߷ֿֿϷ⺺߹ʺˡ
Ҿͺһΰɡһ֣ȴɫǿ˵ƾ伱ˣ֤ˡ
ԣֱӱЦˣٷİɣ췽аרԱʯǩͬġ
˵ű㺰˶¥չⶨһֽʯͬ
չܱʼ飬Ƴе㵣ǵĿ˵ҪҾ÷̫ˣҪҪؿһ£
˶ܿ϶ʮĵŸĶķ
Ƴ֪Ķʯ֪ʶһƬհףóȻӦԶģҪԴ
㲻õģܺõġƳЦЦһӡ
ôţƳҲ˵ЩʲôֻܵȳԵȰʱͷ
һֿɿ¥ﲻٶʯͶΧ˹Χ˸ˮйͨ
ʯΪ̼飬ΪֱӿѪǴ׬׬
˶ǻֻϲԭʯĶĿⱾȻôضں޲ѡ
ο߻һòĶʮּƷľŮΧ۵Ķʯǲǿҵļģ뿴׿㡢Ůȥĳ
Ԥĳܹʵ֣Ϊʯʮľ䣬ʯҪӮҪǿҲɻȱһУʵ̫ˡ
ǩ֮ͬ󣬳һչ̨֮ǰ˴ССʯϡ
٣Ҳʯѡɣǩ˶Լ޿ֵ˵
ɨһ̨ϵʯϣûеһʱѡ
չ̨棬֪ԶݵĽʯʦԳҡҡͷ˶ʮʯϣһ۾ܿܶ඼Ƿϡ
̵ܿģ¼ʮ涼һ
Χ۵ĶʯҲкܶ˷̾ЩϽóչ̨ϵԭʯ಻ã˵ɳʲҵĴѡ
Ƴμٳûжǰ½˵㿴׼ĻҪҪҰѡ
ôţƣỹҪһŮӰѡԭʯɡ̲סЦ
ҵָ˼ȵţȻȴڰֻʳĳ֮¡
ûĳԿ͸ۣߵһʯǰһ£Ȼ
ɣ鷳ʦҽʯʯͷֱӽ˽ʯʦ
ʯʦӹԭʯЩģΪѡַʵ̫ˣ䵭˵ҪأҪĥأ
ʯʯĥʯַʽʯ쿴Ƿ䣬ֽʯֶΣҲļֵ
һ㲻رƴֵĶʯͣѡĥʯϾ˭Ҳ֪浽û䣬ҪлͲˡ
еĵʯʦҲý͸⺺
аɡûʯʦ̬ȣֱӿڡ
ȷҪУǿԭʯıۣʯϼֵ飬ҪˣɲֹҪһ򣬻ҪʯϵǮ٣Ҫ
ûпһۣʾʯʦ֡
˵ɴ۾ע£ʯʦʯһʯг롣
Ȳǰ⿪ʯһտҲʲôûС
٣̫ðһξˣǹһĨЦ




88¡һҰ㻹
 

ޱվԭأûп˵һ仰
Ǽ⸱ӣΪɵˣ̶̲һʱ䣬ȥһ⻻ˣҲܲˣ
ƳҡҡͷһŹͷˣǿʵƥ䡣
ߵߣƳΰο˵Ҫ˰ɣҪٶȥˣֶķúܲҵġ
ôͲҶˣһ䲻𣿡ʵֻĶǼ
ŵĻȴûƵģƳ˵û£Ҽ˶٣תһǷţҵڶ鿪䣬Ϳֱӵˡ
ˬĴӦǾǷš
ȻѾǩ˺ͬͲˣʱǧģôװ
ǼҪȥ鲻ɵø˷ˣǼĶͽһʱҵġ
һ¡ҪѡԭʯƳæֹ㲻ҪٶȥˣһҰ㻹
ԭһƳ˵ʱɫת䣬ҧƳΣΪʲôҪһôãĵȲ
ôãڰŭ𱬷ΪƳζԳ̬ȣʵʵܲˡ
ǿһ򰡣Ƴ붼ҪѵѾϲ˳
ԽԽɫޱȣǼɵǿɵıԻúƳһ١
Ҷ˭ãʲôϵƳ˪һ㶼ûɫҧгݡ
ƳΣлл㣬Ҳ㻹ƳβȻһЦֺѡԭʯ
ɫƽһԭʯǰ΢΢ͷû˿۾˸ϸĽ⡣
ʵǰЩʯϣһ̲䣬͸Ϳһ
ֻһʼʯ˲ɡ
ϾֳΧ۵̫ˣϰˣٷְټʿʯԻ캣ͷš
ֻˢ𾪣ӴӰ׸¥£ˣ֮;Ժôߵ¡
һƺһʯϣʯʦ
ʯͷǴ۵һѡģۼǧ飬˼ˣЩӳһһʯ϶ˡ
ô˵ʯ飬нĸʲ͸
ЦһҪóҵ
ʯʦӹԭʯѾʳһ䣬ֱ̧𵶾Ҫȥ
ȵȣڽͣ
ʯѾ͸ӹʵʵĲһȭͷС䣬һȥǿɾзˡ
ȻҲǮǼֵҪۿۣˮһ롣
ʲôʯʦ˳һۣϵĸоЩˬ
˵ʯͷҪĥģС
ʯʦüͷⲻһ˵ɫ϶ǿӿݵģһ඼ûУһǷϣĥļֱ˷ʱ䡣
ǿ˵Ҫ󣬽ʯʦֻס˵ʲôֻﰵѳһ
ҾʯͷĸʺܵͣҪҪٿһ£Ƴοе㲻ģʵ̫ѡˡ
˵ȻѡˣͲٻǶĶͬдģҪĻξ䣡
ƳκݺݵһۣȴҲ޷ֻĬĬż
ƵᣬƽĿŽʯʦʼ
ĥʯķѵĹȷʵҪʯöˣӣɿһɫ
ʱʯʦе㲻ͷˡ
ʮ֮󣬽ʯʦͻȻɫһ䣬æͷϸȥеԭʯ
Ȼĳˣ
Χ۵ĶʯǶʱһƬȻ
ɫ˲û뵽ôãڶ䡣
һ֮ǰǷһ򣬻׵һϵ䡣
۽һѹסеĲˬССʧɲϣΪϷںͷ
һ̣нĸʾͻˣֻҪȥĿ϶ǶԷ
û뵽е䣬Ƴɫתϲ
ԵһЦҾ˵ûƭɡ
УΪԼãҪþաƳΰһۣȴĵѵ
ÿɷ񣬼ʯʦĥʯ
ûԭʯȫĥеһ˾߳˵λһʯϣҳʮô
ҳʮھͿֻת˸㣬Ұɣһ˵
ЩʯϽ۾úܣһ۾ͿԭʯС
ֱҡͷܾ˼Ҳ
ȻǸոսӴʯҲһ֪СףȭͷСֵϴʮһʮߣǾܴӦġ




89¡ж
 

ʦĥɡ
ʯʦҲҵˣĥʯ
ΧˣҲɵס˺뿴鲻۵ʯͷĥ䡣
ֹʮӣʯʦűˮϴ֮ͨ͸ޱȵ䣬۹ⶼЩˡ
˵ʯϣȻȭͷ䣬һǳ顣
˾ĿУЦЦ˵٣һ¼ֵ٣
ȻרҶۡת䣬˷ʱ䣬ѡȥ˱᲻Ҽ˰ɣ
Ҷʯ͹ʯϣܿȭͷĸʼͣ˵һΪŽÿѡһ飬Ҫһ򣬵ʱ򿴿˭˭Ц
аҾͼˡһǣ·Լֻ·̯߰Сʯӡ
ƳαóþգҲֹˣȻǣоȻһ˿ڴ
֪ΪʲôƳѡųΪһ̫𺳺Ͳ˼顣
߻չ̨ԣ۲Ƕԭʯ
ʯϺܶ࣬ʵ֮٣󲿷ֶǷϣ䣬ȭͷҲûж٣ʵ̫ˡ
ÿѡһһĶעøԶȥ
װѡһһͨͨʯͷۼһԪҲǺܱ˵ʯϡ
һĻǾʯϣʮϸĵĹ۲죬ҪϼʮӣҪʦæŻȷ
ѡһӣĻͨʯͷһӮϰĶĶĵж
Ƴοôѡãĵ뷨Ҳˣȷȫʯ⿿ѡѡ
ʦʯͷĥָһ档ʯͷʯʦʯϵĲ黮һΧ
ʯʦʯͷĥ̨ϣɲĿ˳һۣѵ֪ı̣
״мЦˣ٣洿˷ʱ䣬ҿֱˡ
ͲųָģɲǶʯʦǵʯɽˡ
㼱ʲôĥǱֻҪһڳ̣Ȼˡص
ôг˵áãȻҪ棬Ҿͷ㵽ף
ʱΧ۵ԽԽˣʯʦĿ֮£ʼĥѡĵʯϡ
ĥʯʯϱٵתţʱһһĹȥÿһͿֱľȻûɵеš
ȹʮʱʯϻûĥʲô˿̲סֳɫ
֪Сûôõ
ʮ룬Ƴοöͷһ㱡ϸ˫ֽ߬ǰΪ
һҲڵǧС㣬һҲΪ򼶱Ķľֶţ³
ۿʱ꣬׼ʤʱʯʦͻȻ˼Ľеˣˣ
ָʯһ棬һСƬӨӨɫ
һΣȻֱѡ˺ԭʯ˶ʱĿɿڴ
ѡжҲ̫˰ɣ
ҿҶ˼ʮʯûôߵĸʳ̣һȣƴʦ
ǿοͨ͸ӨпǱ֣
˶ȥʯʦų̵һ棬Ȱʯм¶ģ͸䡣
Ǳ֣ʯʦѿڶһӱˡ
֡ǺӵĹؼָ֮һʵԽ͸ֵԽߡ
־ǽڲֵϡ䣬ȸղųĵһֵߣͬĴСϰ
ʯˣҲˡ
Ԫ֣һ¾Ϳٶȥ
ȥĳ۾棬Ҳһôడ
Ƭÿİ͸䣬оԼͷڲͣѪ
һߣƳŵҲµ
٣תһĽɣ㻹ڷʲôһЦġ
ȱ⣡ת˸㣬²۾ð𣬶ٽгΪˣȽʯϣⳡĶû
˵꣬¶Цݣһʼû˵ѡٿԭʯҪװѳҵ
ĶĶˣʲô𣿡Ƴ̲סˡ
ԭʯѾˣԽнĸԽͣƳβóټԶȥ
Ц˵ôѵ׬Ǯߣôãʮ˿飬˵ȫС
Ϊ췽ôƳüһһĲޡ
˵û˵ѡٿʯϲֹͣĶΪѡʮϣǺһ




90¡Ӯͨ
 

ƳüҪŭ侲סö˵ϻҼľˣҾͺٶʮԭʯ˭˭ӮҪĽ𣡡
û⣡ڴӦҪֵúϲ£ˡ
ʮԭʯһ鶼ûǳҪһǧ򣬾Ѫ޹顣
˶ĵôһڿͶ̲סһ
˶ΪǸɵǮͷ࣬ȻþգҪʮ飬ֱǸϷͷΪûʲô
ƳεķҲ˲ˣѾڼԼܹõ˽Ǯж٣ǵ᰽Ǯ
Ͼһ֮ҺϼţɲĿųǧծ
һڵı飬չ̨ϵԭʯ󣬴ͼ۵߼ֱָۣеʮ飬˵ʮɣ
б˵ֻǧ飬Ҫʮ򣬺ϼҲļֵˡ
ֻʮԭʯ࣬ûһرͻģ淺̵һûС
ôѡˣ
Ƕʱе㷢ˣϹѡһͨ
޸ݵѡʮܿһ̣ײˡ
촽ӿһǿҵˬװ͸ǧ񣬼ֱɵûʲô
㡭Ƴ־ּĿųоԼܲסˡ
ֻǶһЦȻԽʯʦ˵߿ҪĥҪУ鷳ʦˡ
ʯʦޱ飬ȴһǷˣ֮ǰΪˮƽû뵽ѡ
ѪҲԼ£Ҫʯ
ȵȣͻȻסʯʦһ˽ʯ̫ˣж༸ʯʦ
߿ԭʯҪĥģȴһ̶ȲˣͲ̾ͽһǧ˽ȫ˶Ķð
Ҳ룬ֱӴӦ飬ֽĸʯʦ
ܹʯʦһͬʱʼʯ
ֳΧ۵ĶʯȫѣǶʯڵĵһ죬ͳô̼ĳ档
ǻǵһμһңͬʱôʯͷֳʯ
ʯʦҲˣȫǶʯȦİף⺺ĲĿͣ͸ô档
ټǵǧĽʵ̫̼̫
ƽĿһۣʲôû˵Щʯֻͨԭʯ۲Ƿϣ֪ͽԭʯȫ͸
ܿ죬еԭʯ˽
һȥȫʯӣӰӶûп
ڶ飬տҲ
ڣ̲סЦҪһĻ
ʯӮٵ飬ǰжҶ϶ϱȵˣڿܹܵĽ
꣡ԭʯҲпˡ
ʯĽʯʦʱһĺ˳̣
ʲôûһ룬ͱʯʦĻҭסˡ
ʯʦһ뷺ɫԭʯǰ˶ʱݺһѡ
ֳˣ
֮ǰжһϼԭʯ䣬պһĸʣֱš
ڴĥ߿ԭʯûһнҲǸʼˡ
Щ֪ǳѡģܰǵ򶼾
մƬ̣Ȼݺݵҧҧ뵽СӶ࿪һ飬ĿǰҲֻһ룬պõѣ߿飬һ׿㡣
˫ڴĥԭʯ֪Ѿͷ󺹡
һƵı顣
ԼֹӣʯʦͻȻԼͬĽˣֳˣ
Ŀˣ˵㣡ܻĺľ֡
ʯʦ뿴һ𾪵˵߿顢߿鶼ˣ
ȫһɫ˲ѿ
ԲۣԪȻԪ
¥չ˲
ڻĹŴƿһܹԪԪ״ԪΪȫʡһȫһʵյһǾǰѵһĴš
ʯҲԪ˵Ϊһˣһ
һ߿䣬ֱ񼣣ʯʷϣ޼
ʵаԪ΢Цžұ𺳵ö֮ǰѾһˡ
ƳתʵҲΰɣ
㲻ΣζûôðɡݸһЦ˵ƳεĶͷ
״մ¶ŵɫ˵ܡⲻܡ
ʱѾӽˣԼҳԶģΪȲʤȯȴ˷۱
߰ʮҲҪװͳȥóӮͨԡ
ôܣǲ䲻𣿡ЦĿ˵кͬڴˣɵˣھ͸ת˰ɡ




91¡
 

ɲŵĴţ𾪹ﲻƵӿĺںͿ־塣
߰˵ѾǲСĿټʮ֮һһȫֵϣܹҪϽǧ
ʯڵһͱôĿҪǱ֪ؼһ
ȻӼҵ˲ǮԼܹõʽҲޣҪó߰Ҳһʱ֮԰쵽
˿ģ޲˳ֻĿģˣϾѾǩ˶Լͬ
뵽һһģ֪ôڻӦ
ү㲻òɡϾ˵
ʵˣΪǩ˺ͬҪҵǳԿ԰ϷͥԹ˾Σһܲˡ
ǺŭĿųΣ߷ߵ˵˭˵òֻûôǮֻңԭʯѡһЩȥչ򣬾͵͸ˣ
ʣµЩ÷ϣˣɵôЦ˵
ʵѡʮԭʯѾʯеȫʯͷˣҪ֪Է᲻Ѫ
ֻʹ˵Լ͸ӵĽڳ˶Ϊнʮ֮ʣԭʯҲἫˣǺԵ顣
ҾôǮ㻹ôھǸ۵Ķͽ˵ЩЪ˹ˡ
΢˼ǹһζЦݵܼ򵥣㲻һܳҿӦֵɡ
ǸԲУɫ䣬ܳͷ⣬̫ˣ
ûܳоԼŶûˣܳװ
״ԼͬĳͷӦɣ
ͬʱɫȳʺѿ
Ϊ췽ҶʯͨȲʤȯģ˺ͬͷõ÷ǳöʯ͸ˡ
ֽͬȴԸ
ٿǿŽʯʦȫĥ֮󣬾תΧ۵Ķʯ˵λҪֳʮ䣬۸ߵã
䣬ֳʱ׷׺ۣ˸տʼѡеǿʯ༸鶼ϰ
ھһҵľ֮ʮܹһǧĸ߼ۡ
ֳĴ̼Ǹˣζһȥǧ
ڳͼλʯͳɽתʱͻȻһв֮ͬ
ȵȣҲˡرȡС
ĵĶʯ͵ʱʵ۶ˣôͻȻˣ
ΪͻȻˡޱ˵ϾֻǿͷʱԷڣڶʯֳҲܳ
ܵøҸɰɣʯͺʵ
˶֪Ϊʲô䡣
΢΢һЦ˾侹ȻһƬ䣡
˱ַ𾪣ȻǻûӦͿ˸Ŀɿڴ顣
ֻ֮澹ȻһȻ⣡
֮УһЩȻγƷ޵״䶼ǼΪģһƿ䣬ĴָСȴĳǧۡ
Ȼγɵ䣬ȿ״ĻҪϡ˳⣬ζи͸֮ףҪųȥҪ𸻺ǵĺ
ڳжʯ͵۾˲䶼ˣ޲̰
⣬ѾȫʯͷڲϵѪ
λܲܰңԸһǧ򣡡ղűջĶʯͣʵ
ҡҡͷֻϵȻơ
һǧҲõ⣿ҳǧ򣡡һλ󸹱ĸ̣ʮĺ
һ䣬һλʽϣҳǧ˭
ǧһȷʵһʱ֮û˸Һۣϲ¶ɫ
˵ܶʱһӲ
ǧ򶼲
ŵĿų ûиһĺûᣡ
ǿҲǸͨˣϾֻŶʮʯȻܾǧۣѵߵļ۸
Сӣ᲻Ҫ̰Ĳ󣬾ͰҰɡһ־ڱصõĿ˵
Ȼ·ĴڣǰĿ⿴ƳΣЦ˵⣬͸ˡ
ʲôƳһ˫ɵôģŵĿų
Ц֮ǰ˵ѺʳиңҾҪһ񡣡
ƳŴӾ׹ԭһֱϡ
ȻͰѼֵǧ⣬͸ߵĴŮ˿òӵɳˡ




92¡Ԫ
 

ôصĶȷҪ͸𣿡ƳԾɲȷʵ
ЦЦɷһԼȳ׷ڡ
˵꣬Ƴεһֻ֣ŵϡ
ƳĿ覵⣬Ŀʮָӡ
֮ǰʯҪ׬һʣְѼֵǧϧ͸ֱӽǮ
ֻǳ֪֪һŮӣζʲô
νԵڹŴΪŮ֮ĶԾǱﰮĽ֮⡣
ѵһƳ뵽ĺ壬ʱϼ˫գһ쵽ޡ
Ҳ֪ƳôͻȻˣɬӸǽޣЩˡ
ãˣҾӽˣ֮ǰǧܿһĻɵҵĹ
ĶеĶʯҲһͬƣ֮ǰϣ⡣
ڿǧⶼͳȥͶˣ
лл㡣ƳǿɬȻһЦ֮Ĵ
һЦֵˣ
ڵǧʱ׬֮ǰĳŵһҲۡ
ӶЦ龰Щȥ֪ԼҲûܵõƳεķˡ
һ֮ڣĽ𡣡һ仰֮󣬾Ƴε֣ͷҲص߳Ⱥ
»صһ¥չƳŷԼֱţɬĳ˻ȥ
ͻȻԴʶһ֮󣬾ͱһֱǣűߣֻܹԼ̫ˡ
ڳ͸ƳΣҲ׬һǧ˰ҪӦԼĽʯȥչᣬô
ҪҪ绰үʱͻȻһϤӰ
һλźɫӳߣҲ˳۽ǹЦӭ
ʯô
ͷ΢Ц˵ǰҲʯ
߾ǳ֮ǰڹɽ¥ʶķˮʦϣ˳ĻЦ˵ҶԶʯȤǺһλμӹչġ
ŶԭΪ˶΢΢ȵ
Ҳ֪иչڶʯھٰ죬ͬ˵֪չᣬ鲻͸ĳһͬǰ
С룬Ϊ߻һλŮ´˳ˡ
˵һ֪չλãϰæָɡ
ȻͷųƳδ˵ݣֱϵ¥
᳡ǰȫǾٰʯãӰϡٵĵĲ㣬ѾóɹɫĹչᡣ
չ˸ʽĹŶƷЩЩͣЩڽȥ
չĶ캣Ͽ󲿷ʮ˻ް߰׵ˡ
ƳģչҲΨˡ
߽֮һλ͸ϲ͡Ųɿӭǰߺ׷ͯգƤ÷ǳãе
ϣˡ
Ԫˡĳٵ˰ӡϴЦ˵ѵ磬жݵľء
秵ĶԻɵ뵽֮ǰ϶캣ȦӣѵʲôԪˣ
ߵ˵ͷȥûȥעƳζˡ
ԪλһҲ޵ߡϱ߽߱ܵԪڱȦﶦιչǣͷٰġ
˵ͷÿɷ
ԪԭһŮΪļүģû뵽ϾȻ˵Ҳ޵ߣһ㵡
˿ƽƽ棬һϢûУɸǲڿЦˡ
֪ݵļҵ塢죬ĲԪ̽Եʵ
已޵֮˴󶼹ΰĲ캣һȦȽС
ûݵ𣬣ֻǻˡ
ⷬԪüͷһ忴ϣⲻǴǲô
ɫҲЩΣ֪θԪ͡
Ȼڰ¥ϼʶֶΣƽʱϢȥǸͨˣ˵޵ߣ˭Ҳš
߸һ棬ֵе㲻죬Ԫ԰ȷֻǸƱëͷС֮󣬱㲻ۿˡ
ϸɿһڨЦ˵Ԫǲι±չЩϡɡ
ԪϾ˵ãѽһ㣬ŸĴι
Ĺϡ̶ȣȫĽʯҵЩ캣иղؼһѪռ




93¡Ů
 

лмԪĵƷչصóչһ
ϣͭǷˮǰ˴Ӻ׳дҹŵõ
s壬ǴһĹã֮а֣޼֮
һ໨«ƿ˵ʵռľ١
ԪĽļƷø̾ѡ
չĹʦղؼǣҲԪĻЩƷ֮󣬷׷Ϊ֮̾
Щ˵ľ֮ɫԪƵᣬȴӹһ˿Ե֮ɫ
λ⼸ܿһλղؼĿеʵ
Ԫֶҡͷܾ
Щѹ׵أôܻˣ
Щϡô𣿡ƳĿգҲԪĲƷǳȤ
Щ͸һûʲôرġ˵
ͨ͸ۣЩ沢ʲô֮ͨԪղǷǴ֮
Ԫɫһ⼸Ѳ֪Ǯղصģȴһʮͷ˴Բѵȫ񶨣еʱֻ
һԵĸϼ״æЦŴԲĳ˼ʮˮмܿóԪؾǷƷ޵ߵĻ˵⼸ԳƵǷ˰ɡ
ϹȻ档ԪЦЦ⼸аס֮ЧȻǷ
˵Ϊ԰ĿƿС˵ʲô
ԪķֻܷСЧĿƽȫΪĻ
ԪһɵЦѵķ
ûмһ£ķ˵绽ꡢɽҲҪʩչ桢ͨЩͨŶ֮ȣ
ĻԪ·𿴰׳һСӲǿС˵˰ɣ
˵ֻС˵֮вŻ֣ʵԪԼղŰ׷һࡣ
ҲҡҡͷȻ֪Ϊף˵˻֮Ȧӵˡ
ϣȥҺȱɣеˡԪٿһۣ뿪
ʧһ¡϶ԳεЦЦȻԪӰ
뿪ƳҲľЦĶԳ˵ǲԴջˣôΪôı
ҲŰЦЦĿ
Ƴη˸۵ֲɵӣŹ֡
֮ǰô𣿡Цеʵ
Уˣҽ书һ㣬Ҳûʲô˲Ƴӣһӡ
Ȼϲϳʵϸ룬ȷʵóǷһĴڡ
ֻһﲻԸǿܸԼƳμıҲûá
˼չйţʱ߽һ˺һŮ˲ý壬Ůʣˡ
˽ֵͷӣطѩˡ
˾֮ǰͳԼõĽʯطѩǿ˹
ôһĽʯֺǺǵʵ
ͷԼȻҪǰˡЦŻص
ĽʯٺһЦҿСӲΪңΪ˷ѩǰİɡ
仰طѩʱɫɺ죬үүں˵˵ˡ
ЦҲЦƳ͵źߵطѩѵò֮µŮͳʲôϵ
ۼЩ΢Ц˵λҵĴѧͬѧطѩүүĽʯ
˵ҪƳΣȴͷǺãҽƳΣϼгͳһʯгġ
һ仰طѩеһ˿ǣԭطѩΪŮǳŮء
طѩ˼˲ɣĽʯɾͲôˣƳεʺõ˵ͷ뵽ŮԼŮǿְ
ԺҪ÷ѩСӶӴ
òʮĴкĽʯԳ˵֮ǰ˵Ҫһѣھǹȥɡ
Ǿʹȥɡû뵽Ǹ񻯹ƲĽʯĹʦչ档
ĽʯչȥĽһԼʮꡢ۾װĵһ
Ϊϣֻ۽һĨײ֮ɫ
ڡĽʯ߹ȥк
תĽʯ΢΢ѹֶЦ˵ϣ




94¡
 

ʲô㷢ˣǰŴүֻһĽʯû˵
¶һǵı飺ʲôүû°ɣ
ģˡĽʯŹֵĿڣ㻹ǵϴҵǿ𣿡
ôˣڱ治ɫȴһݣѾ͸Ľʯ壬ͷûˡ
Ľʯһʹϧɫ˵ǿ屻ҲСŪˣõģһ飬Ǻ񰡣̫ϧˣ
ʹļ׵ӣ۽һ£ҲźĿ˵ǿڱعгģǵ˵ֻʣһˣҪٰʣ
ǻˣֹҪǻеڶ飬Ҳ㲻ϡˡĽʯ˰֣˵
ʧ֪ǸϽι۹չᣬ˵Եϲı
˵ҲǡĽʯ˵ͷǽ͵ɣ磬˵˵Щöˣ
֬ͺܲ㿴ָǰչ񣬸ĽʯĽ
ȫ˶ԻĳĲһЦ
ڱװٺã͸֮ǰҲǺܿԡ
Ѿͨ͸ӣּڵϣЯֹƳ棡
һЯôƳϵģԲһĹʦںʾ񻯹Ƶˡ
Ľʯ֮ǰ˵񻯹ǽϽ̵ĶŹƶԼӦþԽϽ̵Ĺʦֻǲ֪һΪʲôĽʯĻ죬Ƴλ᲻Ҳйڣ
Ƴڵһμʱ򣬰ɽϽ̹ʦһٴУп϶ʲôΪ֪
ѹеɻ󣬳֮Ƴ顣
ĽʯչŸֹ棬ԼСʱ֮󣬼ڼĽʯĹ涼ûʲôȤмȴǷƷ㿪˵ϣٰһСᣬĹ棬ſ϶۵ġ
ŶǸϽȥɡĽʯһ¶˷֮ɫ
ϲľǹˣܴĺñ
ڿ˿ͷ˵쿪ʼˣ
ƹչһƹЩİСͻݣѾˣڵȴῪʼ
һɨָϺԪҲ棬ż̸Ц䣬ʱ䶼ڱĿ
Բƣվڻչ̨ϣ˵Ὺʼһӣλ
ⳡƵģʸ˽ſڵĽӴԱȷ¼ڵ֮󣬾ó˽ȥ
һſλ£ںĽʯλ߷ֱƳκطѩ
İĳ£Ůое㲻һˡ
طѩԸȽľׯ΢΢ͷȥ
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˸µʱ򣬳е˿˵ʽʼһĹŶԵյ
䣬һλ۵ŮɾͶľչ̨ľϷһ͹ӵɫյ
һĩϡ棬пȸԵյ۹ӴṹãһľƷ棬ļ۶ʮ򡣡ߺȰĽܵ
˵ĭɣ۵Ҳ޼ϾֻһĿθˣöں档
㲻еģӶʮļҲܿյֻǼͨ档
գȸԵյһλͺ긻ʮļ۸ߣ˼ܵڶ档
ֻǿһĶͲȤˣֳ۵ĵǱȸղŶ˼ˡ
һļ۵ߣ𽥻
ĽʯҲּΣ۵ıֵúϲ£졣
Уû˯ΪĿǰΪֹûһǺġ
һʯţǴӽʡϼɽһλģȻʵ޻ȻǷ϶֮ļʮ򡣡ƺе˵
˿Сʯͷֻۼ߲ʷʯ༫䲻ѡ
ʲôˣɣʯͷҲó̾ԸĸĿ
һڨЦȫһ죬ֳȫʯȤ
һֱ˯ĳʯͷ֮۾ͻȻֺʮ򣡡
û뵽⼸ʯͷ򣬷׷Դȥڿ۵һ֮ȫ֮Աǣ۽ǲа
ڳϽĸǷǳԵˮ棬˭˭ԩͷ




95¡ľ
 

ȷҪģͷҿȰװ˷ʮ򡣡Ľʯѵ
档΢ӡ
ʵڳղؼǲûпۣʯͷΪŶȫûղؼֵġ
ǳһѾͨ͸ۣʯͷ΢΢⣬Ȼʯһࡣ
ԥĿںۣҪʯϸϸоһ
һԪҪʯͷЦҡҡͷ
Ʊʵν޵ߣǼöˣΪЩ֮Ǻñ߶ʮһ˵
ʱҲִ󣬳Թο֮Ѿν˱֮ĺ޲ˡ
ʮһΣ
ʮڶΣ
ʮΣɽ
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׬˴ǮҲһɡƳеεһ䡣
һҹ֮󣬻Ǯִţ֪滮ƣܿƲˣƳεĳҲơ
İɣǮġȻʵȴΪϲʮʯԴѷĵϣֱ׬ˡ
ԺǮһĵĵرĻᡣ
Ȼֻͽ׵ʯȴĽʯ͸Ҫõö࣬ķ
һߵطѩ˳ĻҲӣҾŽ˵öԣǮȷʵһ
طѩҲô˵ʱʣһЦŮֲţǮˡ
ҪȢһԼ˽Ǯ˵ֻܲЬˡ
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˸ʳʲô˼ڳĸǹר֣ľ϶ĳλҸմӹĹ̳ġ
ּùΪھύת֮󣬾ܰѹװף򵽹Ҳõı׷Ρ
׹ɫľ˫Ŀ⣬֪Լֵơ
˵׼۶ǮѾȲҪˡ
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ǧһǧ򡭡۲ǧļλ֮ͼھۡ
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˶ǵϵϽĺ֮󣬾ȫ˾ۡ
ǧһΣǧڶΣĿɨȫûк۵ҡ
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򺰼֮˿ȥȻ֮ǰϽܸʶԪ
ν޵ߣҲľˣ
ԪǳãͿľֻڵȵĶֻʣһʱƵĿڡ
ڼ˺ۣɫȥĿڵǧ򣡡
֣ڳĸɫˣһľֵǧô




96¡ɱ˶ᱦ
 

Ȼ⻹ûֻ꣬Ԫ֡
˿ƣüɫĺǧ򣡡
ζû뵽ľĵ۸㷭췽ɶ׬ˡ
ڵɫȥǧ֣ѾĲܵߡ
˺֮󣬼ҲûٴοڣľԪС
ǱԪϲɫӣͫһ߶һɢΣյźš
Բ½½߳ݣĽʯ̨õĵĹŶ֮Ҳһͬ߳
ϣʧһ¡ڶĽʯ˵һ˿
Ľʯ˵ͷھͿ첽ɵ߳չƺʲô¡
״ҲĽʯ˵ͷӣҸȥ
Сĵ㡣ĽʯҲüں쳣Ѿͬжϣ˺ܿһʦ
ų뿪ıӰطѩ¶ɫǼӺүүĽϽ̹ʦǿ϶ǸΣյ
Ƴԣʲôû;ͳȥˣ˵֪ʲôȥ𣿡
ԼɡĽʯûóԼҪҪѹʦһĹ˵Ƴ

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ҿҲݵˣڿǷᣬȰΪ֣֮Ԫһľľ
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ڰй۲ĳԭԪʹ̣һ£ΪͿԪڲû޵ߵԪ
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ͬʱֻϹƳĹʦ϶ǹʦмΪ
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ͬʱӵֻϹƣ϶Ǻķ˼ѪҴֻƳĽɫϿѾ˲ʱա
ĹƳ棬˴֮о綾ڼʹȥ




97¡
 

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ԪҵæĬ߶̣һ̴׹⣬ֱֻϹơ
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ûЧϵİ׹˼֣Ԫڳ˻֮ɫ
㻹ܳŵʱΪֹԪİ׹УѾ㵽һߴγ棬Ц
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˲ɫ䣬æٻֻƳˡ
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ȫһֱɱֻϹƣ־ŭͷ·ڵѪ
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ӦڽϽеλͣȴ֪Ľʯ㣿
ɭȻ˵Ͻ̶֪ڽеλĽʯҵĿ겻ֻ赶ɱ˶ѡ
Ŷһԭˡ
ĽʯڵĹǳɶԵģֻҪȥĻһֻƳҲһͬɥĿģȻƳ置ʶš
ڳ˼ʱ򣬼ķųֻƳ档
ϳЯֻϹ֮⣬ֻԹƳ棬һֻѱɱʣֻΪƵķ߹ƣҲڷ˳
ԼʮסһİɫߣڿӣԪʱëȻֱֶǹһĴڡ
˸䣬ϢϮȥ߹涾ޱȣϲҧ˲ѪһҧеĻʣһûнⶾĻͻɥ
ۼǲһ˿Цڻˡ
һһң׼ҧסʱ򣬳ͻȻֱ֣ϵųһȦ
߸һȦһ˲֮ͱ˱飬ˤ䵽ϣȻˡ
һĻļڶʱŵûɢʲôͨ
ӵֶΣҪ˵ɱ߹ƣȡҲ׾٣
Ҳ룬ϽѽϹƴԪٻΨһͷӣӵԽԶԽã




98¡ľô
 

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¶־֮ɫϿͷĵ
һԵԪѾ𺳵Ŀɿڴķ
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ȻֻֻԪ֪Ҳֱ治еĲˡ
Įż˵ʣ𡣡
ʲôҶ֪޲ԣ
֮ǰ˵Ľʯ赶ɱˣҪɱ˭Ϊʲôɱκθʵ
ԥһ£ֵ̿ĴҪԸһλŵĹʦΪ˵õػơ
ŶʲôƣһηаҽûмصĹƶ΢΢档
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ĿһԺһʹаҽϹŵϢ
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ڻַ̿أһ˿ֿ֮⣬ֻܹԹ




99¡Ľʯĸд
 

ľҪȥԪǰһϹϾĵͷ˵ͨ󣬷ޱߣɷ϶Ϊͽ
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100¡Ҫ
 

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үүһ£ⱡƤŮô㱧أĽʯ˵꣬ЦǺǵȥˡ
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ոѾյתĶĽ𣬼ãѾһǧ˰ҵĴС
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캣һʻǣﲻйƷƵ꣬˹չݺF1ٰ£ڹڶС
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ڿʵԼ֮һһܳˣĲе㼤
ǣȻûġŮʰ̵
ҲЩ۹Ϊ˿򳵣ܵõɵģǳֹ˿Ͷˣͻ˷ǵʱͽӴǮ˵Ļᡣ
Ͼȥֻﱥһ۸˵
ȻıģŮʻǺְҵĸһ
ǽе¿ʱ911磬ʺˡ
Ƿ488ɫſἤ飬ǸҴǵ
ǡ
Ůһܹܳȥֻ̾һ£ûһϲġ
طѩĵͬţŮȴе㲻ͷˡ
ڳֶŮʽܵһܳ޶ʱԱͻȻһͱϹ䣬ҲӶˣ
ѭȥһùˣʮ߰꣬˸䲻µĹ⻬ͷһмĿų
ֻ§һʮŮŨױĨڸŮӦе崿ſŵĵװͳȹ¶
Ůҡҡͷڵĸô
ҡͷǸڿߵطѩ֮ſ;ͺϲ£ˡ
ǵһμôƯŮ֮СŮѼֱӹ֬׷ۣȫɱ
ĶԳʲѣһһ˿ô޸ôã
λŮʲô֣Ҫ㣡߹ʮ˵
һЦСŶ󣬸ӦûҵҪŮˣﵽôġ
طѩҲһ㵣ͻȻһԼС˵ҪԼһʱ䶼ûӦ
Ůү֣û𣿡ɫЩá
ѧУҪŮ˶Թ˳ӣǵһطѩǵġ
һЦι˵λСү㲻Ů𣿲һĸܣ
˵꿴ߵŮ˵ҵŮ𣿡
ױŮһ£˵ǣֻүСࡣ
֪ԼλСү˶λɫŮŮȻﲻģΪ˲ǹԹ˼˵
˰ɣүĸ꿴ųһ⡣
ʱʣôģ
үٿ˦СŮߵطѩǰȻԵõ˵λŮֻҪӦñүܳһΣ
ЦүҪСүֵ֪һǧطѩģ֪α飿
үĴֱ֮طѩϸ֮ɫͻȻסĸ첲˵ҶܳûȤˡ
һ֮װ¹ϵˣ
үΪԼĽǮƱضЧû뵽طѩ̬ĮͳȣЦݶʱϡ
үװǰɣܺãүָǰһɫɯ٣Ů˵ɯ٣۸٣




101¡ڰʿ
 

ɯϳ˰ѵȵȣ۸ԼһʮҡŮһ£һ߰֡
Уȫˣү˵ţͳһ̽ڿȻĿطѩŮҪ뿪СӣӦңɯپ͸㿪
ߵŨױŮҲ˵Ů㣬㿴ү־򣬸ԲԿģǸ˿ѣôõĳ𣿡
طѩĿ䵭˵Ļеһ񣬶ٿһˡ
үŵĵһطѩǺ޷Ӧ
طѩϿϲı飬û뵽Էȫ޶ԣˣɵ߳ŭ˵áãȻôװүϣ㲻Ҫڣ
ιͷŸɾ㡣Ҷ˵ΪֹڳϣԻúáһ¡С˵ĵ
үĻӲˬˣһȶҸ˵ûߣֻܺ޺޵Ŀһ۳үŹһΣԺҪҿ㡣
˵꣬ŮˢɫɯصǸԼ򳵵ģղ˵Ҫɯ͸طѩֻ椺Ů˵Ĺüɲ͸
º֮үãٴοطѩŮںڻü
ıطѩòסˣܵõλŮζġ
Ǽɡطѩųֱۣһܳȥүһۡ
үĿ̰Ŀ˼طѩһүõġȻֱɯ٣СŮ鿪Ǵš
Ůõɯٵ֮ٸܺ᲻ˣûǮĹ˿ֲʲôʱ򿴹˰
ܳк꣬Ǹоûж۵ģŮ˵ܳЩ𣿡
ǵģŮޱĴ
طѩеʧ㿴Ů˵ӦûмеܳǰԤɡ
ȷʵеģڵչ̨ԿеܳϢŮ븻Сʶǲһһֵüˡ

Ůʴųطѩһչ̨õԵδһ¼е³Ļѡһչ̨ϾͶӰǳ߿Ƽֱۡ
£Ļһδ³طѩԱĵͬţżһ
ɨڶеʱ򣬳ͻȻǰһĻϵһ¡
һɫ͵ĳܳͶӰУһͨܳҪ߶˵ĳܣȻĲǳܣ޶ص͡
֮Ͷһ޶Ϊ׹DC˾սȨW Motors˾¿Ƽ죬ʹ͸ӷϳ
ɫէһ뵽սǲûӰȫװףƵøͣȥĿֲʧԭ͵İ
Ӱ֣ڰʿ
ڿĵһۣ;ˡ
ҪԤܣ۸٣ʵ
Ůһ£ѵҪ
ڰʿܳۼһǧ˰ΪȫֻʮԹ涨ֻȫԤŮʻеĻشͲųҪԤˡ
ֱпݵϣŮʲ¶֮ɫ
˼Ůʽһæˢ룬ܿεһʾˢɹ
ŮʶʱĿɿڴ
һ𾪵鿴ԭǸֻҲ̫͵˰ɣô۹⣬ȫһǮ˵ӡ
ڳüëûһ£ֱһǧ˰ȫԤһܳ˵̼ġ
Ůĺݺݳ鴤˼£ԺҲ׿ֲɽ¶ˮĿˡ
𾴺ͲõЦͷԳ˵ϲɹԤܡڰʿһΪһϵй
Ԥ֮Ҫòõĵ⡣
ŮЦŴĳת˹ԼҪһܵʱ䡣
ͷҪĩܿ³ˡ
Ŀóһǧطѩ˸˼Ŀӽˡ
طѩҾѾ캣ģҲһǧ򣬶ǰûСƿϰ࣬ͻȻͳһǧ˰ĳܡ
ָо̫ʵˣطѩ˿ľǰˣһֱڲϸչ־ϲ
ϲˣعطѩ󷽷ףصҲΪϲᳬܶϲ
ЦЦȻʿʼдֹͬ




102¡ǰϰ
 

֮Ůʻܳ۾վһţͳطѩ߳ſڡ
Ԥ۳ǧ򼶱ĺǵķֳɼֱõһ̳ķϡ˿ϵۡ仰ˡ
طѩͣʱ򣬷ָղүû뿪§СŮ鿿ɯٳһֺӡ
ֶүһЦҾ˵ܳȻûǮװƵģŮڻûװ
طѩӶԼĳӡ
ιŮһλᣡүںеһڣлʢƵұү
һԭ⸻еѧҼܿǿƵġ
ʢƵҲ˵캣ΪļǼƵ֮һֲ⸻ٿûߡ
ҡҡͷطѩɫᡣ
һĻүӶɳˡ
ƽʱرעϢͣʱһۿᣬʱۼһǧѾ޼ۣ򲻵ˡ
ֻû뵽ǳطѩǿġ
һȣүȻҲһʮɯ٣һǧȫһҪüΡ
طѩڼʻλϣүòҲ֪ĳղԼǰŸ߷ߵͷһƬġ
ߣСĿῪͣү޺޵ĶԳһ䡣
ų𣬳ҪǸ׸˦ү΢һЩ

공֮󣬳طѩҸ߼˶ֹͣ˹֣ĸˡ
ֻطѩѣûһϵκԽ顣
ص庣һűѧû
ֻгһˣɴľʯڿϡ
͸ۣٴοľŨŨЩӦľǧǰԹа֮γɵġ
ҪƵҩĻҪѺɾ
һֻľϷŻԪͷŶľĺһӴͷ̵ƺʮʹ־塣
аôֿܸһͱԪĨɱӰ١
ľаϢȫʧڳƱԪ߼ĵҩˣȻľĹܡ
֮󣬳ְĿŵʯ֮ϡ
ʯһԭʼãǴмȡ⻹̷ġ䡢΢ͷΪʹá
һʱ֮䵹õʯ
ľʯŻʼճΡ
ڶҪ˼һλ̵ŮϰΣȻĲȥĵ飬绰һ롣
ιãǺĶӳ
绰ͷһޣС֮ǰˣпչϰ𣿡
ԣȸ绰˵һ£ĻҾ͹ȥˡò˵
Ȼ㣬Сɣ̼ҵַ֪𣿡
֪ģ̴
Ҷϵ绰ζͣȥˡ
պļסڱ԰庣ܽ⳵ԼʮӾ͵Ŀĵء
԰캣ϵεСΪ۱ûȣһ׾ʮƽСҶҪٶ
ַ903ǰ壬ܿһʮꡢ毺õŮ˿ţ¶΢ЦСɣ
֮ǰѾ񷢵Ƭֱȷ˾ǳ
̺áʺһЬš
պļװ޷Ϊ󷽼ţκװαڻ֪һײ϶Ҫʮ
ɳϣһŽ˿۾ھ۾Ŀϵʱţ˹дһϣΪٶʡ
֪ѦĸѦлصλΰ칫ΣȻ߹ٴԱҲְȨС
ϹλҸλõĶӡպѦֶ꣬Գ˵Сһ£ȥг
պȥȶѦһãȻԵɳ¡
ѦĿתĿŵţв䲻ȵ˵˵캣ѧ飬ڶǰɣ
ǵģѦ塣ʵش
һ˵㵱гɼܺãֻ캣ѧͨԺУǸ߿ʱ򷢻ʧôѦƽʵ
еΣȴûзʧ˵Ҹгɼʱˡ




103¡Ѧ
 

ŶѦ΢ɼüͷ漴٩٩̸ѧҪһѧϻѧƣ캣ѧƿϻоỹǰ߸Ϊ㣬ϣһúŬõĴѧ
Ѧ˵еⷬÿɷӦһ䡣
ƺе㲻ģѦ˵ζĵڴѧضǣֻͨѧûпǶп֮ģ
ʱûпǡ΢΢ҡͷǳ֮ˣﻹҪ߶·
Աأ
ҲûС
ѦһüͷǰҾƶĸûʲôϵ
ֻͨѧǲп캣ĹԱҲ˺ӷĻᡣ
Ѧû뵽Ǵѧˣһ㶼ûǰ;δչѵҵ򹤻ô
֮ǰ˵ͳˣѦĲһƣŮԲܼ޸ûǰ;ˡ
̸䣬պһ˯µŮ˳Ů㣬òͬڵģֻǺ˯ѣͷЩɢңȦһ˯ӡ
ļͥʦҲýõĶӡպһ߽ܣһŮ¡
Ѧ˯ۣȻڶĳ
Ŀ΢΢һǰеĳУе˧Ҳ˼ҵĺӡ
һ̣ͷֳϴĶʲôӻô֣һ·²Ԫʱ᲻Ȥˡ
ѦǻҪԱĸ׾Ӫһó˾Ͷ캣õĹѧУУСʶĶ
ֳƯڶоǮƵ׷ߣôԳּĿۣ
ãʦһ֮ѦԳ¶һܰ΢Ц
պŮֱۣ𱸵˵ģʲôʦСҲͱ꣬ͬˣӦýһС硣
ۣҺֲ죬ŲҪĳƺѦ˸ۣһǰ
ô˵ģѦ˵
ȻҲϳҪλģŮͷ۵ľһֱûҹӡ
ң裬ҽȥѧϰˡ
Ѧཱུˤ±߻ң֮һصĹ
İЦνഺڰɡ
С˯ϣ㲻ҪպǸȻ˵
΢Цᡣ
Ҳȥϰɣ̸׼緹
˵ͷߵѦǰš
ɡ
Žȥ㿴һõÿɰµŮ뷿ǽڶǷۺɫģ컨廹ͼ
Ѧױ̨ǰվͷûаѧϰ˼
Ϸţŵ£ѦͿʵһٲϰѣ
̻û˵˵
ɡѦ˵תҸһǧ飬һ仰ңԺҲҪҼҸҲϰ𣿡
ǮͲˣϣ뿪ҲҪȸ˵һ£Ͼġ붼룬ڴӦ
Ͳòòϰأû뵽СԼˣ⡣
Ѧһ㶣벻ôˬʹӦΪּҾƶΪ˲ϰҪߣͦİ
ȻְѦûʲôֿ˵ҽ̣Ϊ˷һҰֵģ϶˳ң³緹ʱ˵ɣҪ˵Լģɲ˵ҵ˼
һЦû⡣
Ѧƺò׵ֵ֪費ʲô˼ǼͥĲ࣬Һ֮ǲܵģӦ֪֮Ե˵벹ϰʱ̬Ҫ㣬֪𣿡
ּлԼô򣬸ĸǼкˣ׸ߣԲʾ
ⷬĲúЦȴȻ֮ȷʵв࣬İɣҲῴġ
Ѧü΢ô˵ǳƲƵģûǮûƻҪӡ
ͶҪͳִܵѦԳӵķС
ʵԱ˹ֻʿ֮죬ʶǷԶˡ
رѦĿе񡢸гҵĹ׿磬˳øߴ˧ѧϰɼҲܺãΪ˴ͨѧУﲻ֪ԵŮӡ
һһܼӷֵǣ׿ʮʱͰ캣нݵһλΪʦϰ꣬һѦΪ֮Եĺġ




104¡ɼɳ̲
 

׿ֵжѦ֪һʮûġ
ֲ࣬ѦļԱȥˣ׿̫
˻Ͷܿ˳ĬϾţĿѦһױһʱʱֻ졣
ֻĻϷʾһе˱õŮ֣Ļм򲻶˵Ϣ
˱ã棿
Ѧ㲻֪жң˸ҽ̣ҰڼţҸȥ
˱ãۣÿĳҪɳ̲ɶԣ׿ҲȥŶ
Ѧ׿ҲȥҲҪӼӳȥ缸㰡
˱ãһӣ庣ɼɳ̲¶Ӫſڼϡ
Ѧ¶ӪҪҹ
˱ãǰҲ
ʮ
Ѧȥȥ˭˭һ㲻ɢ
ϨѦתӣѾô͵͵Ӽȥˡ
ܿ쵽緹ʱ䣬պ˳Էϯ䣬ѦĸѦƺҪ죬Ҵҳ˼ڷͳȥˡ
ѦðϲѦ֮󣬱պ罿˵裬ȥ档
Сһ㲹ϰ㲻úΣŰȥ棬ɲӦ㡣պ˵
Ѧ˳һֵۣ裬ҲԼҪԺ󶼲Ҳϰˡ
С˵ģպ羪ȵʵ
ЦЦ˵û
պʱһɻͳѾǰ˵ãʱҲûֳӣôһͲˣ
Ůǵһ˿Ц⣬պʱʲô
㲻Ҫƭ裬ǲСߵģպʵ
Ѧʱ¶һίı飺裬ƭ㣿ʳ
ˣС϶Ǩ˼֮費ͬ⡣պ˵ֶԳǸȻ˵С㲻Ҫ˵Ժճϰľϰˡ
һʱ֮䲻֪˵ʲôãȷʵǲѦϰ˷ʱ䣬պԼ棬ֲܲˡ
٣պ绹Ϊǵһȥ˼º͵ЦСǽǵһμ棬Ȼϰһϣһȥ棬ϤһҲԡ
仰Ѧһϲ֪պͬȥˣҪųĻǿһҲãЩѿԻᱻȡЦ
裬ԼĶŮͬѧһһ飬ʰɣѦ۶գ˸š
պЦһգôˣһһݰȫأҸ˵·˦СҾ͸˵ȥ£Ժлȥ治
裬ýƻѦʱĹĵģ뵽ϰֲ֣òӦ
պԼĳԿ׽ЦСȥҪչ˺̫ˡ
̡֪ӹԿףѦױ·֮󣬺һ¥
ѦһͨͼİɫTɫţж̿㣬¶ѩ׵ĳȣ֮һĳԿףû˵ֲʶ·ɡ
óֹһȥ庣Ķɼɳ̲ԿףҲ˵ʲôȥһڵСŮƽϡ
԰С庣ŵģѦᳵ·ܿͿ˶ɼɳ̲¶ӪĴſڣﻹߴ
ʱ¶ӪſڣѾһȺഺŮһ飬඼ʮ߰͡
кǴŸʽĻȫǰӻŮǻ֦չʱΪһ羰
ʮŮԱ߻ͣ˼ȻǶǮ˼ҵĺӣҲ캣еһѧУС
Ѧ³Ĳ鲻ԸĴųȥ
ˣһ¶ŲͷŮѦк
˶Ѧȥڿ߻һǴ֮󣬲ɵһ档
ѦߵкŮǰװȻ˵ãôô磿
ͣȻȻ´ζ㣡õŮҲ֮ǰѦĵ˱ã˵ۺĳô˸
˱úͬѧĿŹֵӣѦһҧϽѵĶӣҲϰεġ
ԭļҽ̣˱ö˳һۣ˳ûҲûʲôرģô滹ҽ̰
⻰һѦʱɫͨ죬ѳʵǼúܶ˵顣
ǼǮƵĸ߸˧һģЩͬѧǵ񣬶֪ǳƶҽڹѧҲ˵һ㡣




105¡
 

ۼ䶼Ǹ룬ܸоЩС¶Ĳмģʮ겻أֳܱʵ뷨
ǰĻᱻǵĿʹȴ̹Ȼ֮벻⡣
Ѧ˵˱Ҳ̫ѿתƻ˵ٻǣϽȥɡ
׿Ҳ𣿡Ѧѿʵ
˱Ц˵Ȼȥɡ
˵ú׿粻һѦһۣ˻ֱһ߽ͬ¶Ӫš
ɳ̲һƬľݾƹ֮ǰЩƹΧżҬοڵ⡣
Ȼ׵ʱ֣Ѿвɼɳ̲ˣе֧ɡɹչԡеСľݺȾƳտ
һľݾƹǰ棬ͣһɫɯ٣ʮҫ۶ĿԱ߻վԲĺװڣīһרҵġ
һɯ٣Է̾мܹȥһ
֪Ϊ֮ǰĳײ˶³Ҳ˲ףġ
ã³ɣѦĽ˵
˱õ˵ͷģзȦ
ҲҪһѦ˫ֱֱɯ٣ϲƷƺˡ
ʵҲֻѦҽ̺ϣϣŮŶоʱȡ
ʱ򣬾Ǹүѵ˵ү
Ŀƹɯٳľݾƹݣܿӡ֤뷨
ֻƹǰվһŮһһɧĺ̲ñһĻɫû۰ť̻¶һԵõı顣
һ۱㿴үҲ
ߣҲǸױŮһδŸӱ¶ˡ
⻹һθߴһ̿Ϳ˶װ˫ֱأһģ
ҹ͹ɯ֮ȥ׷׹ϲү³
һˬҪк˽ľݾƹݣͻȻ֮䣬վĳʱиŭ㣿
ûҡЦЦ
ûͷûβĶԻһɻѵүѦļҽʶ
ǹһ˿Ц챾үûڣһû뵽Ҵ򣡰󣬰ҺݺСһ٣
װһ׳첽
һĻһڸ¶һ˷ܵı飬кϷˣ
ѦС˲ЩˣȫûӦôͺϳˣ
Ȼȥ磬һ£үװһҲ飬˶ȭͷк
ֻһڻûͻȻɳȥɳ̲ϣɫʹ࣬ҹשɢ˼Ƶġ
˵ʱĿɿڴҧסԼͷ
˭Ҳû뵽ȥƽƽĳȻǸ֣
Ѧų񶼱ˣ⻹˵µʵ
ŶӡԱǸߴ˵
Ψһûб𾪵ˡ
ĿƵߴϣֻͦΣݿʣĿϬüǿţǾǧʡ
ӣֻһ䡣
֮ǰŮǶߴһĽɫѦǶ¶ۣ²׿硣
عתͷ׿˵׿٣Сңִڣְҽѵһ
ֵҳ֡׿˵һ䣬ת߽ƹݡ
ۣ׿ÿᣡ
ŮյĽ
˼׿Գмһˣ֮ǰǶԳֵľʱʧ١
Ѧӣģ׿϶ӡֽˡ
ڵϾþֱһ㣬ԼԳҲ޿κΣֻܶŭĺȵүﲻӭ㣡
û˰˵ѦҲϣ뿪˳Ĭ
ѦҲߡĻ߷磬ֵ߽ƹݣ˸衣
ĿųȥûĶѦʲôˣ
ļҽ̡ѦԽԽᣬе㷢̡
Ѧһﲻ˰ɣŪ˵֪֪ȥ򳵣һŮʲôûǮװŮʱЦˣ
Ѧļҽ̾Ȼֶ˵飬˺ȻЦԭǸûǮװҪӵ˿
ѦҲû뵽ˣʱˣʲôû˵߽ƹݡ




106¡Ʋϵ
 

ľݾƹѾ˾ƹݷԱ⣬ûˡ
Աæµ׼տʳ͹ߣķԱͣȡơơ
һλ£Ҳ½½Ľܹа˸׿Χһӣʣµ߸ŮŮ֮⣬һ
һ˹ĶѦûкһ飬ȻҲ⡣
Щ˸߲һȦӡ
֮ǿʼ۽׼ЩʲôĻ⣬ŮʿԣΧѦı
úøǽҽô°˱ʵ
Ѧû˵гˮģũûʲôҾǰʶҲϰ׬㲹
ô򵥣˱ú׷ʵֻǲϰòŸɣǲǿ
ˣӲҪҴģ治֪迴һˣȻǣûôŮġѦ˵ţһüģ
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107¡յ
 

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108¡
 

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109¡
 

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110¡׿
 

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111¡ˣ
 

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112¡ŮŮ
 

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ȻſˣͽɡǵѦûиǳȥûôС
˻ع˫̥ŮǽҪʹɼŮеĵλ
˾㱵߽ղŵĴʵ̫ˣǻû
ˣҪ𣿡ĵѯʡ
һᡣ
ߵһɳߵߣһһȣտļóüƮƮɡ
һĻһͷһﵽ˼ӵĸƷŮϸķ
ƽʱȥĦĴҪǮҰĦŮɫ˫̥Ůǽһһء
İ֮ǰһֱƲڿߵŮٿԼŮѣֱ걬
׿ֱӱȥɫ䣬촽΢΢ĻһѼ⵶ʹֱװںӡ
ô𣿡˶վŷڵ
Ѧһɳϣ˵⵽ô£
˿ʣʲôˣٺʲôϵǲġ
ΣҲҰѳһϰСӣ֮ǰԼ͵˱ûóҪȴǼȿЦַ̡
Ѧ飬ϣ㲻Ҫ˵˵
ȻѦȥ˵պպҲţĿǰǲø֪
Ϊʲô˵㶼סıˣҪװ͵𣿡Ѧ˵
ͻȻһ˿⣺ѦЩ֪̫಻Ǻ£ؿƿ
ĻѦͻȻ뵽˵еϴ󣬶ʱסСڣӿֳһĪĿ־С
϶ϴϵͬһ㣬ղŵĻʵвԼ
ѦʲôˣֻܹԹԱ죬ȻıҲǴɵӡ
ʱҲ߹Ŀ¶־ʵ¡٣㵽˭òϴ˽Ӱɣ
ϴֹϵ֮ǰһҲҵ
ۣ
̲סЦүӾ翴̫ˣֻǺе㽻ˡ
ĸӻ̿ˣΪɵĳƺƽģɵĿ
ѵǱɻҪһεĴУ
Դ벻캣гһʵȨĸ߹٣бɸ
֪һű͸ģҪ𾪵˯ž
ȻǼƵ꣬ʲҲڣǺ캣еһȣС׼ס
һűֵڣֻڣǼʮϰڼ𣬻Ҫ캣кǿܴһѶľӱñȨ
жôɲ⣿
ó׿Աһ£ʶиţƵ׿磬Ҳƿˡ
˱ĵߵѦԱ£±ע⵽
뵽ԼԳ˵һԴǡĻ˿ϻƵķ̡
˱üװģʲҲСǧȦﲻ
Сǧڵĳȣֻܹױĵػ֮ǰûӵ̬ȶԴѾչƤˡ
ں˱ЩʲôöЩ֮ǰĸǳȥΪ粻һ
ʵǰҪڿͷ֤Լ
óĵģõı֡
϶Ů񼶱ǽͬѧǰ̳һҲںԼŮ
˵ĳİˡ
׿оµת߳ȥ׵һۺ̨ϴ硣
Ѧ֪Ϊʲôܣ϶ΪԭҧҧҲ˳ȥ
վڹۺ̨ϣ׿йâ˸ƺʲôϡ
׿磬㻹ðɣѦСʵ´ġ
ûʲô¡׿ͷҲأЩ䵭˵




113¡
 

ʵҾóǱȲ㡣Ѧϸ䣬Ȼһ׼ֵڵıǺϴ̫Ժ󲻻ʲôýģְǸгѧϰ͹Ҳرãδ϶ȳӹ
ʵ֪׿ΪǳŮͶģȴҲˣ˸С˼ϣΪⷬ׿ԼøС
Ȼ׿ɫ΢ô䣬ת˵˵ûʲôϴ˵ȨƸվãһʱ⳯Ϧ֮ܶҵ۽硢ҵıʮ꣬ҽԶԶԽǣ
Ŀϱ׸ߵȨλͬʱ壬ʱһСС캣У˵ʲôĶ۳ҡ
˵úãѦ鲻Խһ䣬Ȼûпˣ׿绹ģ
գҽμл䣬пյĻԹ׿˵ŵݳһſƬ
ѦӹһԭлƱĶʱŨŨľϲ⻹׿һȻǳԷԼᣬҲùǰ˼
˶ûͳƼеסլڲˣûһʹžηͳǣ߳
˳Ѧ׿վһ𣬲䲻ȵʵѦҪؼ𣿡
ˣԼؼҡѦҡҡͷ£Ҳ˵ģİɡ
һתݡ
һֽ߽ĲɫЩͬȻмţޡκ¹׵׳ʳ
Сʲô
ˣ⼸˶ģϣϲ΢΢ͷ˵
һЦҪǽЩȫˣǲѪ
һ㶣촽ٳԵ㡣
ҲڵˣҽһЩĲɫԴųԡ
ðɡΪ˲ԽĲˣӿ
ڵ壬һԳԵһͷţʳҲ԰סü첻ԡ
ÿ˫̥ûĲ˺ܶ࣬ܳԸ⡣
һԹȥѧϰصңվСʱϴ˯
˯ҹͻȻӦĵĴķţȻһСӰ
Ȼڰ֮У˫ȴһ͵˾Ȼ˫̥еĽ
Ϊ˿СŮʲôȱ۾װ˯
֮ߣú˼䣺ˡˣ
ȷ˯ú֮ܳͻȻ
һ¾ֹͷ·ڳͷ֪ǵ
۾ĻԿһԥ֮ɫƺʲôġ
֮ͻȻվʼһѵԼ·¶һ𱬵
ֻèһϣʼ壬糺죬ɬ
ܵһȵĽԼϣһ¾˷Ӧ
С
ֹ֪ĻԼԻʧȥǱû͵ѱӷǵϣס⡣
ʱһɫɺתףµĿų
ʲôŬа𣬳ʵ
ˣҪ˰ɣý˵
ʱЦã֮ǰȷʾҲʲô
ǡƺ˵ʲôӲѻ˻ȥ
üͷһİҵ˵Ļ͸Ϊʲôô
ĲһҧݣƬ̺ſڵǡϴԸôġ
ϴ󣿡һ㵣ڸʲôɻδŮɫࣿ
ߵϷ̣ǵ˵ϴ˵ǲ彻˵ĻҪ뿪ҲǼ顣
ɣҰ·Ӷ࣡ĺڸʹ˼ơ
ףΪʲôô׳ʳڷã˫°
˵ˣֻҪһ˰ٲøҲġ
ǶҴ绰ɡֻҪúһһ٣ֹֻ֮ͣ˶
Լڴ绰ɣǲǱԼǷ治
ϾһƬƵľɫŮϴˣټ׳ʳ︨ȴû޲磬ҹ绰˵Ҫ˫̥ûô϶ĳЩȥ
ڵҹѹɲɲôεᡣ
⡣
գֻʵϴôû񣿡
顭ߵļݡ




114¡
 

ˡһɰŵûܰ
˼һӦ֮󣬳ðĿǶ˵ȴ·ȥ˯
һ£´ߵĴ·˵ˣһطˣ

ɻشϣǻһĨЦ⣬ܿ˯˹ȥ
ͬʱھ캣庣һٶ๫һƬһСͷϣǿ׳ӽҹɫԶĺʱʱĽ䡣
˵ľȻǶ孻
Щ˴Ŷ·涼ӡڶͼͼϷһкɫ֣캣кݡ
ʦĴôûѾԼʱСʱˣһĿЩ˿ֱЩǵ˵
Ƭ򰵽鲼ӣҺϻ˴磬λ孴ʦΪ˲ǿע⣬͵ߵС洬ʱεĺˣܿһͷ洬ͱķˡ
Щ˵ȵĽʱͻȻԶϳһĨ洬ĵƹ⡣
ˣһᶫ˶˷ܵ˵
ΪˣʵжǿĿҲã洬ԶԶʻͻȻͫһ¶ŵ
ֻ洬Χĺϣ¶ʮƬκɫԣ洬һȺ㣡
洬ϵ˿ʼʮײܿ洬ҡҡʱЩ˶㸹С
ڣһĿɫݵţͷͺֻ޳İ׷ɫʿ֫ɸݣûʲô⣬˷·һſһȥޱȡ
ǰٲصʦѧȭɵĴʦɣһΪѴﵽСˮƽڶǱߵ¸ء
õӰٲغʮǰյͽܹ캣еϢɱʹŭǰΪͽܱ
ֻǻǿǶһĵĹ涨ֻҪⵤϵĸ뾳һ־ͻֽ⣬ҵֿɱɲѡ͵洬ҹ
߻վһθ׳ˣĶʮʵֻĴʦְٲ֮¡
ۼڵ͵ɿȫʧ룬׷ϼװ壬Ϯɺʮⲽϴͷϲͣײ洬Ⱥ
ߣҹЩ죡ɫһ˾Ȼֱ뺣С
˶ĿɿڴĿһĻͷ벻Լȥι㡣
Ȼһ̣ǾͰ۾ɵø󣬼ѿΪͷǵûһŲһζ㱳ϡ
㱻һ̤֮£ȻһѪˮ徹ǻȱˣ
ޱȵУһѸ;׼Ĳһ㱳ϣѪˮٶȱ
ĸȭѧѾ˼£¸վ鲼˵ǱŲУǱκβλƤһ£Ҫһ⡣
ʮڼװϿʦ¶һݵ飬ʦУǿߣ
ʮ룬ʮͱɾԻУϷһƬʺȳѪˮ
̤ϼװ壬͵ɿͬһ㣬Ĥݡ
洬ȻĵͷĿɱĺˣһ¶𾪳ݵɫոճ֣һɱδȥ˻δ㲻⡣
ӭʦ﹧ޱȵľϹ
ĵһͬϹ˵ӭʦ
ϲ쳣һΪŰСɣһֱ캣еĻߴѹеʦ캣Уܰ飬λʦ϶Ըݳ֣ݺݽѵһߡ
鵽˭ɱ𣿡ɸ洬Ȳʵ
ϽѾɵ춨ݵ䶨ʦͽɱӵĿ϶Ǹ䶨
ʵΣʵ
ͷ˵䶨ǰأʵѴﵽˮƽ
ߣôǰٲصĶ֣ٲؿǻţ߶򲻹ɲм˵
ɫһ䣬ɵֻ䶨һλֵ֣һᣬѵֻˣ
ȰǸ䶨ץʡ֪캣дУѰһ֮϶ӽȻ޾峣Ҳ̫ߵֱɣ˱Ŀŵ䶨ϡ
һת׼ƵǺݽǰ춨ݲμл䣬䶨϶ڳɱӵĸҲܿڣǿȥ̽֡
Ǵʦʱ԰ܻĸֵ̣ҾԼƶֿڱ᳡Ҳһ
ϾóİٲأֵֻͬĶ֣пɱ
Ȼɵ˵ͷĽ飬ŶʮںʦĴӵ£׼õĽγȥ




115¡̴ʦ
 

ڶϣʣƣǸ
Ȼ첻˫̥ûȥѧǰɵķԸһű
յǰͿڹۺ̨ͤһʯԣڷ͡
ˣˣԵ㲹ƷŶߵ˵
ʯһڵĶǸʵʳ
ɲô׾ţٽѾɹ
ǰȥԳ˵ү簲
˵ͷ۲û
һЦϣͬʱһֻı
ָƮƮķ˾ͷ·𱻵ˢȫһ㣬ӦǳУͬʱϿʼ֮ɫ
崿СŮǼͱǧĵС
𾪲ѣΪүõ߳ĵֶΣ
ԭүȥţһϲɻ֮Ĵʦ
ʮȷţүȷʵù绨СˣϾٵ巴Ӧ˼١
үãȸˡ׼ȥɣû˼ʵʩɹ
΢ЦĿȥϽٷһֻҲ뿪
һΣ
˫̥ûʵ̫ˣߵĻԼܿᰴͲסڹۺ̨Ͻٸˣ
һƽľ
ʱѾߵͨ졣
û뵽ָѵˮ˷·ƶˡ
ˣСŮᱻҼ˰ɡٵ̬΢΢档
Ϊղõаҽĵ֮һаҽǸεĴʥŮгǧֵֶΣЩֶζаҽļһи˳
ղųֻʩһǳļɣͰŪûȣ
Ȼδµ崿СŮһξͱаҽĶ̼ɣԭʼѾ
ٵȥ˫̥ûԻ÷֣룬ԺҪֶΡ
Ͳǵ𣬶˶֮԰ˡ
ͣٹԹȥѧϰԼڱɢɢһޱȵϡ
ʮһʱ򣬱һɫ˹˹Ӱ߳һĸӢˬľɫŮ顣
ûǴŴɫͺɫƤ㣬ճߡ
С䣬ķǳãǰ͹̣ƽ̹ʵɫ𪽡ټΪ˵ò·
³ߵǰ˱壬ܿ
ȥ춨ݡһ˵һߴƼеı
ʵϴҩʱһΣΪ֮ǡ̾ٴμǾʮ׳ء
뵽סﶼеСˡ
ŶлȻ춨ݾٰô䶨ݣ˶ʣʦأ
˼Ѿȱ캣ѧȥˡص
ͷھ͹ȥɡ
֪׼ţٳС
Գ˫̥ûϴѾò֮¡
ʱ룬һ֣ȻŮŮ͵Ȥζ
Ĳݺݱһ٣ƷСŮﻹ˼䣬Ժ϶Խ㣡
ˣߡٹ˳ޱȵ˵ͬʱ͵͵ϴҩĵŮ㡣
в²Ů㵽׺ʲôϵѵδ
Ͼĩʱ䣬鿴ȥȥԼӡ
Ů˼ܰ˼룬ֻô붼²͸ֻܶĽ
Ҳ˳ȥ档
˫̥û𣬳˹˹Ӱһű
춨λ캣гԵ庣ȥҪʮӡ
֮ǰ䶨ҪһĵݣΪ춨ݵλеƫƧˣΪ캣еһݣȻҪӦ
ֻ䶨ûдܰٲأҲûиꡣ
鵽ص֮󣬷춨ѾУ˶Ϊʢ˷ܷڡ
ͣϰС춨ݸάͽӴλߵʦ߶ʮæµ
캣СкͽиݣŸɫ½½߽ţÿ϶ֳ˷֮ɫһԾԾԵģ
ſڳʾƱӴ춨ݵӱòݺݾһѣŽӹƱʾԽȥ




116¡л
 

߽춨ݣŷ治һĴǧ˲⡣
ΪؼԱˣ䶨ʦͽ޵ԽԽͷʮ㡣
˴α䣬캣СкͽгһЩС֮⣬ʮ߸߰˰ٸߵ
һٶˣƶĹƽб䣬յĹھ
Щ߶֮ͬеٮٮߣʮ굽ʮ겻ȣΪҪ밵ˮƽ֮㲻μӣҲڶʮˡ
ȻҲгʮ껹ߣЩҲ˼μӡ
ӣûﵽֻʦּ
һ޴̨̨ǽϸ߹ҳʦصҡ
ڷ춨ЩμССõ
̨ܰһ̫ʦΣŵĲǹ𡢾Ǹĸǰ
ѧ绮ֵĻʸţվһŵ߶ˮƽ߲
֮󣬷˶һƴӣвٻ̨伴ʼ
һǽԵȥһһɨӣܿ췢䶨ڽΪеλӣΡҲһţһߺȲһߺ˽̸
һ̫ʦοȥλϵ˶Щˮƽģûʲô֣ĩβһοݵĶʿע⡣
캣оȻеĸ֡һ۾ͿߵΪԪ۳ɵѪһʵ͸Ρ޼
źͺվŵģ·캣кʦԵ߾ηޱȡ
ȻǵʦˮƽҲֻóĿͣ˼룬ͼɨȥַһϤˡ
ֻ׿վڶһλСݡĻɫɫĿϬ
ͻȻ΢΢һȣѦȻҲˣվ׿ԣһڴĽĿ׿硣
Се̫ˡҡҡͷպ绰컹ȥȥϰء
ʱ׿ҲֳĵвɵЩ棬ôлƱ
Ȼ֪ӣ׿ҿ϶ߣǽɵĹϵõƱֵġ
˳׿Ŀ⣬ѦҲ˳еľ֮ɫ͸ŨˣǰΪǺһ켣ģû뵽ѧʢ£ҲӰ֡
ҸѦȵǣ߻һƷŮòԶԶ֮ϣѦһ±ø
֪Ů˭׿絹ǿóߵŮҲӣֻ캣ѧߣȫָƣȴûһΡ
Ϊһֱס⣬渵Ρϰ䣬캣ЩǰʶΡȴ˭ʶˡ
鿴ʦһߵԱߣĶ׷׹ȥкԸΡʮ𾴷Уù˶úܲ˼顣
һʶΡЩ˼Լʦ߱ϹϾз׷ײ²ߵжͷѵǻǰˣ
ܶ˶´˸ΡΪΪ˵Ǵ˵Ĵڣֳʮλȫǰˮƽһ˴ﵽ
ֱĳλ֪ǰΡǵʦĸһĵӣǵ̲֮סһʦܡ
һһʮʮ٣һǼ֪һλ书׿Ϊĵʦ׷׶ԸΡͶȥ羴ĤݵĿ⡣
ͬʱЩ͵߸ѪˣҪǽܹùھ˵ܻλʦΪŵӣһλʦָ㣬Ϊضܹͻͽ
׿ôģ򶨵˿̵жһ˿֮ɫ
һֱΪ캣СкͽƬѧ磬ѧˮƽʵ̫ˣ˼ʮ껹ǰڶɣŶʮҾ̤뻯ʱѧ˿Խ̵ָ
춨ݳһλ˵еĵʦ׿֪ĻԵ˾ƮȥӰ˵ͼˣ׿İȶñھ֮ǰݸΡΪʦ
ҪΡȥͻȻ˵ҲȥǱߡ
䶨ʦͽҲڸΡһλϣҪȥˣⱻ䶨һҪЩĹ򽻵ǿɾͷˡ
ͶɻĿ⣬΢΢һЦһˣұȽϲ˴һ𡣡
㡣û˵ʦҪųҲܲ
˸̨ܿĽվţòĳܿΧһȦеӵע⡣
ЩѪյͣŮȫѪӿ˫Ŀ⡣




117¡ʦ
 

һɢһɱɱЩ߶һ
׵Ů
æͷתҲҿһۣԼᱻɱ
Ⱥ˵ɫģֻһӢͦ߹Ŀ޼ɵĶ΢Ц˵ŮãǷɺݵİ׿ӢŮĸݵĸ֣
ȻҲӡ
һΪ뻯ͨ͸һ۾Ϳ׿ӢȻãüۼȴһ˿а֮࣬϶һͽӣ²Ҳ
׿Ӣ״üͷ΢΢һ壬˵ŮΪɺݵĴʦ֣ʮ书۷壬ӼңҪһʦ֣㲻ҲҰɣ
ðЦʮ۷ʲôҲǶʮһ꣬Сɣ˵ʲôɺݵĴʦ֣߸һϣҲĶ֡
Цʲô׿Ӣӣл𣬿ǹ𣬶ʱһ
ղžѼǺһ߹ģֻͨͨߣ϶ǸŮĵ˿һֵġ
ûЦʲôʦ֡ζ˵
ȻһƺΪʦ֣׿ӢôԾȡЦһ³ʵĸݵģ
ңǡ춨ݵġںߵ
ĵӣ׿Ӣüɵôû춨ݵ
ŶˮƽУûʸμӱ䣬ֵġıЦȴɫ
ˮƽоͲҪ֣ױ˵ġ׿ӢûﵽӲмˣʵҲԶԶ䲻λŮȰ㻹ǳģҪ⡣
ʦ˵öԡ̲סǻһĨЦ⡣
һü΢˪׿Ӣǲ֪ߵغ񣬾Ȼôʦͬĵʦ˵ȻһƢûУ
ŮһúÿұݰɣҿԺȷĸ㣬μӱˣûһҵĶ֣׿ӢȻ˵̰ĿһۣŻصɺ
һߣ׿׿Ӣͳ˵ΪʶģҲԭǿ׿ӢĹϵ
׿Ӣɺݴʦ֣ʮ꣬۷壬֡
׿һ㶼ηӣ־ǰδеĸ߰ûĶ֣֤Լʵ
˵ʮʱѽ밵׿ӢһС磬׿Ҳ߰˳ɵİտʤΪ׿ӢһǺɫϰ֮˵Ǵɣɫվѳɴ
׿У׿Ӣֻ֮·һСʯӰˡ
ʱ̨һżߴ俪ʼǱлĳϲС
ŷڵź̨ڲеʾ֮ʼչ
ˣһţһСɣԣһӾͷֳʤǸŵֻܹԼǩ˲õһ̭ͷ³ȥһһ֡
߰ǩ˳̨Сɣʵ൱һʱȭཻ죬û磬·ըһ㡣
Ƕѧſ书ǿƼ￴ϡƽʵһ˴ʮͨ˶⡣
һȭܰͨ˴໥㵽ΪֹҪаǰ̨Ͽš
ԼӺһһʤѶִڵأʤ߸̨ȥ
ֵܿ׿ϳĶСɵˮƽʵڳ󲿷ѡֶ׿绹ǰ׿ӢýԼȲʤȯ
Ƕ֪׿ɣӣһȭȫȥ׿粻ܣȻƺס˶ֺȭͷ
ǶּԼȫһȭ׽£һûӦ׿簴סȭͷƶȻһ˶ڵء
˾޴׿һоʹ˶֡
¶ʱǻǵһμһСɱЧġ
׿Ȼ³ȥصѾۻյѦߣͬʱĿ˶ĳһۡ
ߣɣôװƣ׿ӢΪмһ䡣
ֹ̨֮󣬰׿ӢҡתӰȭͷյÿ죬ֵϳˡ
Ůúÿʦֵıݣ׿ӢͷΪ˧һЦɲ̨䣬ʮ㡣
Ķּǰʦ֣Ѿδսӡ
ۣһĵһְʦ̨֣ºܶݵ˷ܵĽгǽԼݼհʦַɵģϾ׿ӢͬѾ۷壬ư




118¡ˣ
 

λʦܣУְɡ׿Ӣ˫ָڱһзȵӡ
ҧҧ׿ӢֻСɣ۷İ׿Ӣ޴󣬲ôѿˡ
Ȼȭ׿ӢһƬ½ǣ׿Ӣһ߳˸ʺ
һޱȵ̨ȥ׿Ӣ¶̨վ˼룬˾Ŀ⣬֮Żص̨£ͬʱĿһ׿硣
׿мָļһӣһ̨ϱ䡣
ʱĵһֲ֪Ѿ꣬гϢһ£ݷ׷۸ղ˭þʣһЩ֣Ѿĵӷ
ǱߣԭɣʵʦЩĵô
̫ˣĺˡвκθ˵
ղĶʮúݵĵݣҲȥһɻ֣ܶû¶Լʵˮƽ
ԭеӲУȻҲΪʦ̵޷ʦܹ̳İٲغʮʦ֣ϧ̫ƻ޳ܣѰٲʦɱ
ߣʮ߸һҵӰٲصĶ֣䶨ԱǸˣҲǵһɰٲ֮йء˵ţĿĿһ۶ĸΡ
ΡǵʦϢҲ˺ԭʮ־죬ΪʦڣǶһ߱ضüû뵽һʦͬĻǿߡ
ʦģѾȥеͷźܿͻнԭ˵
һߵĸΡҲӦɵĴڣʶһڶ季һڶǣû棬ڵҲʶˡ
ҪЩ֪һͬʦǵ𺳲֪Ҫٱ
гʱ䣬ǶʸΡԽμӱ߿ݵĵܹΡޣͿ˳ƴøΡָһ£ǳҲӡ
ΡֻǵЦЩ˶ֻܲҪ޿ɡ
ڹ֪⻰Ƿ֮˭Ҳֻ˵˵û˵
ϣôûͽһһλСʵ
ΡƺбĵӶۣ뿴λʦͽʲôˮƽ
Ҫ̽ΡûͽĻǾͿԼݵĽܳˡ
ˣֻһλˣûйߡΡͿͳվһߣͳ
ΡĻȴڹĿ¶棬ʲôøϵͽͬʦ涼ȼһˣ
ϣܷλ˻ͽܸʶһ£һλڴʵ
ΡȴҡҡͷЦ˵Ǹ˲ϲԵȻܹ
Խ˵˾ԽǺ棬׷ڳѰƸ˵Ӱ
ڹĿеĸˬտȻǰһһʦ
۾ٺãҲԿʮꡢƽƽĳǸΡǸˡ
׿ӢϢʱ䣬ǰ˵ŮղҵȰ㲻ҪʸûеСӻˣǷɺݣʦרָ֤Ϊʦĸ֡
ˮƽֻһָͷ㶼Ӯˡڿڣʮ˵
ԭһԱЦĳû뵽ȻѻͷתĶʱЦá
׿ӢԸ˵ȴȫһӻϴܣܲˬĿСӣλŮ˵гϢҲȥҴһ
ʦ书ǿôҺ򣿡ЦЦ˵ú˶֡
׿ӢԳ̬Ⱥ⣬ֵĿ˵Ů㿴˰ɣҲСӻ֣Լˡ
ޱ飬ȴԳˣôƶսûôûƢ֡
ڱ䶼ǵ㵽ΪֹѡǶֻϢʮӾͻָ״̬ˣ˺ֿܿʼڶֱ䡣
лݱĽţ׿硢׿Ӣʮɽһ֣ȴһֱûǰϡ
˵ֻ֣ʣˣֱ׿硢׿Ӣʮһȭݵ֡
׿鵽ȭӶԴ򣬰׿ӢǶʮ
˵Ŀⶼ۽λӱϣˣһǿ֮ˣδһݵҪŬϳĿꡣ
Ƚе׿ȭӵı䣬˶ɣ׿ҪСꡣ
ߵĶǷ֮׿粻ӣȴʮӺѰһֻܡ
׿ɹ




119¡ʮ
 

׿磬úõţһھܣ׿ӢһĿ׿磬һ̨ʮֵʢˣƺԼѾȽȫѶַ
棬ʮҲĬĬԵ̨ɢһϢ
ݵʦܣ治һ·϶ûĶ֣Ȼߵǿȶδʼ׿ӢȷԹƣҪ֪ÿл䣬Ƕݵѡֵһ־̭߰˰ˣڶ־ȫ̭ˡ
ʮûлػӹһ˿Ц⡣
俪ʼϲơ
׿ӢȻϳȴ̽ȫ̬ȻԼʤҲ᳹Ӷ֡
˫㷢磬׿ӢѸƥ߳ĵȡ
һ֮ڣһ߳ʮ£֮ʮƴȾûǰĻͨᱻһл
ʮվԭز·ɵһ㣬׿Ӣ¶֮ɫԼ䲻ĹЧˡ
һ̣һƵ
ǳԾķ֣Ǵʮ﷢ġ
ţʮȭֱֱǰ漴۵ֻȭͷϡ
ѣ
ʮƽƽȭͷȴĴڰ׿Ӣؿ֮ϡ
һӰٷɳ̨ײǽϣһ֮󣬲Żǽһ֡
һ
ȫһƬȻû뵽һһֵİʦ֣ȻĶһɱ
Ҫﵽ۷飬ڳйˡ
̨ϲзŭɸ䣬Υ棡
һ⣬ȴûлӦ
ɺæȥ鿴׿ӢԼĵӲ֪϶һ书˴롣
úݵֶΣҰҵӴϣɺ_Ŀгݣŭ죬̨һȭʮȥ
ͬΪֵĲҲһ֣ǰʮ۷ǿУֱ˺ϹҪ
󰵾֣ʮȴ治ɫ˫ȭ󰵾˳߰˲˵̨סŲɫ죬Ѫ
ʮ˿Ȼ
һ֮䣬Ǵλ֡
ȫˣ⻹ֻǰ
䶨̫ʦϲһվѿڶ㡢㾹Ȼǻ
ʮһǰո̤뻯䣬ʮꡣ
ȫŵĿ̨ߣôᣬǻڳͬߣΪͻư޿
׿ͫ˿ͻȻʣԼʮͣǷܹ뻯ûŸ϶Ĵ𰸡
һͣΪʲôһ۸С䶨Ϊˣ־ŭĶ˵
ЦӦͣΪʲôҪͣѧǿΪǻһж򲻹Ƕ學֣ˣʲôƤӶûã
㣡䶨ˣϴٲشˣڻûȫ
ʮ̨֮ϣĿɨȫ˭ҵĶ֣
ĹһܣҲһӵϣһʱ֮侹˻Ӧ
ߣߣȫʮһм
ֳ˶ͷȥʮһ裬ȴûһֻϡ
ͻȻһཿһλɫŮɣƮȻ̨顣
ʮҡҡͷˣҪһŮӳų档
孵Сǻˣüŭ
ȻСڹⳤ󣬵һֱʦ׻׻̵Ϊѧ
սʱͷ­ѪѪ֮Կǹڣŵµѧ˥΢Ҳֲ孵ǰ衣
˼һλʵŲ̊Ϊ̾ɶǿֲĻ֣ôһλСǱһ棿
С㲻Ķ֣䶨ɲټһ껪Ůɥеĺ
һԵĸΡͻȻڵʦҵͽܣлСˮƽġ
ʲô
仰ΧĹ͵ǶΪԼˣ̨ϵŮȥǸ˻꣬ȻҲǻ
ǸоԼ۱߸ˡ
ȻǸΡ˵ǾûˣеǸΪΪޡ
һиΡλʦڶղȷʵһӱʮ壬ûӦ
ʶģİ׿Ӣ̨ǸٻӰΧ˵ۣԾѣǸŮȻǻ
ԼղСһǰੲݣ׿Ӣöʹˡ
׿֪ٴαˢ£ͳһľȻһλ֣Ů֮ұǸʮҪᣡ
һʣ֪Լṳ̂ͣ뻯ˡ




120¡֮
 

Ѧɴ۾ǳһȻʶһλ׿ٱ֣׻ʲô
Ѧкģֱȫ͸
ʮո̤뻯ʵһͬǣϳʦû˱ǿȥİٲʦ֡
һһȭٶ
Ǹȭ¯ĵزܷ
ٲؽϣȭΪʦʮ
ʮȭƳأȴǲŲͬһƣʮȭͷ
Ϣٶȼ죬ûѰƿ֮ȥġ
˲ôһֻεεƣôԿʮȭ
Ȼһȭӣʮɫ䣬һжŵ׸ְ屻ȳһǳǳӡ
ʲôѧʮʡ
ѧơ
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һΣʮ֮ģٴУһ˲֮ʮȭֱȫ
ƵѾһڸǣʮȻһɷƾˣҲ֮ǰ
СģȴݲȣһƷɣƮݳͷӢɷǺÿ·˼ߵƷŮɵˡ
ʮо֮䣬Ӱǰ֣ǵԼȭƱȫ˻Է˫Ʒæر۷ˡ
ʲôƷʮľԼȻڶԷƷ֮£޷֮
ȥһӣԼҪסԷܡ
ʮͻȻһӰģչȰĲ
ȭƾˣȴΪɱȭΪܹľ֪ɱ֮С
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һȭȭȴּֿµĸΡδͽСģѾ׼¡
ܽӣͻȻڣ̨Ҳû뵽孵ֻͻȻ鷢
ų̂Ѿɵȭͷ
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һѪȥ
ͬʱ춨ݵĴ飬žһء
˱㵣·ɵˡ
ӹ飬ڻУһ̽飬ܵˣһס޸ˡ
ɵŮˣǺʦһĸ֡ŻеŮ˵
¶ŵɫȻֵ˳һۣһǿģ
ȭӣȭգǶ孵ĵʦɡΡվŭ˵
ոտʮ֣ѲµǶ學ȭߣ߸ӡ֤еĲ²⡣
ҡɺ͸ΡӶǻλʦ
ΡȻ̫ΡȻ֪ҲǵΪһֱҪȡͽ
ߣҵӱһۣΪ䣬ٽȻҪۣɫӣٲʮϵһۣߺ
ҲһλʦĵѲκˡ
˭Ҳû뵽úõл䣬һλ˵еĵǿߣ
ΪǿÿֲĻ֣赭дһɣЩڵǿǰһֻ




121¡ٲɱ
 

䶨Ρ˵ԭ߾ɣĲ־쳣ĳûȥעˡ
ԣʦΪӰٲرġ
䶨հ¥ϣλǿǲҲڣĿ磬ֱ䶨
Ǹϣɱͽܰٲصˡ䶨ǿ򶨵Ļش
ȵ˵Ǹ˭ұɱ䣬춨ݻҷ𣡡
䶨һʱ֮ԥ֪ҪҪ˵֣µ
˼ͷȻţڻߵĵҪ춨ݣͬ飬Ⱥ鼤ߣ׷׽
ȻģҪǸΡҲǵʦڻôǰ˵ʮ㡣
䶨˵ͻȻŭЦܺãұԶ學ȭ֮ս춨䶨ɸһս
⡭䶨ĸҽս˵֮ǰ˻ûãȫʢ״̬Ҳһ֮С
֪ڳֻиһˣܺһսǷ׷װĿͶΡ
ϣⶫϹսʦǿһѧ磬ΪֹһߵĶԸΡ˵
븵Ϊֹ
ߺ׳ۣȫ֮顣
Ρ״ɵĿЦ֮ǰ³ƵԪ֮ڲܿǰˣ侳磬
˸Ρ˵֮УĿŵϣȭԸδɷ֣
˵Ŀ˲۵ϣʱĿɿڴλߵĸϣȻôһ˳֣
Ҳһ˼飬ѵʮСӣǸ֮ǰ˵ĸ
סϵͽܣȴǲҲˡ
ʦǷİ׿ӢΡȻ֣ӶˣСӲ˵춨ݲĵôȴս
׿籾Ϊ֮ѾˣȻ˾ȻǳֱԼ۾
ѦͣĵĳԾݣȻѧҲ֪Ȼ֣ǳǺ͸ϡһȼģ
ֻ䶨ʦͽϲǵۼɻܻİٲأôǵʦġ
үû뵽Ҳˣ䶨ϲʺ
ʱס֮󣬻̨˵ûˡ
䶨Ļ˶ǳ棬캣еһݵݸ֣ȻΪү
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ûүǵ䶨˿϶Ĵ𰸡
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ͳȣ˵ʲô׿硢׿ӢǸŮ츳ҲԶԶ硣
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׿оԼڸսȭͷָݽ岻ס΢΢ǵʵ޷ܣ
Ŀɨһ顣
ԼɸݣǾ֣ܿӡ
˵ʲôǿˣһ֮ˡ
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ˣǻĸѧɵĸ֣ɳʵ
΢Ȼ˵Ҳʲôѧֻ֣Ҫ֪һ£ٲɱģ
䣬ƶȻһ䣬˫ĿⱩ䣬ɱŰһ´ӷͷӱɵڤĶޣ˶һ
Сӣɣһȣ˫ֺʮȫɢ΢⣬ҪͻȻûֻ
һĻ˶ˡ
ǧַƣΡгһѧ֡
˵ǧַɻǧʮǧݻ䲻¾ܻͬûǧֻƣһͬû뵽ȴ孵ĸȭʦѧȥ
ɴ˿һʿ޷Թģ죬ƾˣ˫ֺʮȴ߶֮£ųǼ쳹ݣ
æס䣬񾪺Ŀɵ񼼡
ǧַһǸεֵҪƬ
ǧֻһʩչ۷ĸȭ̫ˣһԵʮʦ񼼣ϾǿĤ֮ɫ
⾪춯صĹƣȴ˿̩ɽǰ
㿪Ϊɵˣýг




122¡ѧ
 

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ۼǧֻƾҪĵϣȴûмгĵûҷĳǡ
һ
䣡
ǰ·һεǽڣɵǧַƾȫǽ֮ϡ
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ʦ
߶ŴͣΪԼǲˡ
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ţձеУɱΣǿӲӵǹֵִһ޷Լʦ֮
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ʮ꣬ôᣬܳɾʦ¶ɫǻܳ־ã
ⷬ˵Ҳ˵Լ
ǵʦΪǿţս֮ʱܶɣΪһгֿ־壬ʵ½ɡ
˵꣬һ°ƤתɻҰ֮ɫҫŽ
Ǹ֮ɫ
ȭﵽһĵزӵиƥȭҲ͸ֽǰķ
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һιưıΪһ̩ɽѹټͿ˺˷·һͷײ
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һ춯صı֮䴫·̨Ŀըˣεĳˣ۾
ٴΰĿŻֻ̨ˣҡҡ׹ؿڣؿ֮һѪѪֹ
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תɺԣջɶɱ񣬵俴ʮ
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նһָλĵͻȻһ𣬷žϣ̱ڵء
ٿһǴá
û뵽ʦǵ̤ʹ似ݷĿóʩչͨĸΡоǳ羴֮ɫԳ
ŸΡĻһͬӵѳĤݡ
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֮ǰһֱӳɲİ׿ӢҲĸ˹£ֻʣľη֮ɫ




123¡
 

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һͻȻ뵽ѵ庣ĳХǳ
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֮󣬶ԸΡ˵ϣͽˣˣ뼰ƣҪ̴ȥ
ΡæͷȻҲͽܵƣгһλҽ˫ʦڣָܻܿ
黹ڷЦЦסݴȥ
ȻֱסһҪû뵽뷢ĿͻȻһɾʹ˲֫Ϊվȣֹס˳Ĳӡ
Ķʱϼ˫ա
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Цҡҡͷøˣ첽ǵ߳춨ݡ
׿٣׿磬ˣѦһ׿缸¸첲ûع
׿˿ڳʦ֮УĽһء
ıָɵˣŮͻҪһٱ
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׿Ŀ⸴ӣҧÿ죬ãͻȻޱȼҧ˵ҪݳΪʦ
Ѧˡ

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ʼҴҰڲʩ룬Լѡһɡ
㣡öǰåʦ˺ˣȷʵûѡҧűݵκҺһҪ书ֻرף
ۣ
̲סЦθ˵úԼƵġ
٣ְɡ˵תȥ
һϤʵ·֮󣬽û˵ˣѺˡ
תٸбͷһȣЩƲסѪ
İ˵˫̥ûҲĳߴ𺳡
˿ߵñ۾糺죬޺˵Σ
ѧôһλʦ˵ģֻһˡ
񣬿͸ۣȡ뿪ʼؿʩչɽ롱
ޱȵ뷨Ůһ档
Լʮ֮󣬳ջ룬оԼĿڵľʹѾ˺ܶ࣬֫ҲָѸٴ·
Ѿʩκ߳ɣΪһԪúھͿȫһ鴩µĶһ߻˵
䶢ųҪָһлл㣬ղŶ㡭֮֮䳶ƽ
ãƽͳƽȻ㷨ܳȴҲú졣
٣չһŮ㣬ȥƵҩ
ȻЩĻ˫̥ûǹɵĵ˵ͷ
Ŀͳ¥֮󣬽еĶ˵㣬㻹ʹʹ
ҡҡͷǿ΢Цʹˡ
Ȼղű⣬ҲѻŮϡ




124¡ʦ
 

㣬Ұ㵹ˮɡ˵߽ܿ˳һˮ
ллӹˮĶЩʳˣôƯɵŮ͡
ʱﶼݺΪʲô˺ܺ档
ˮСʵ㣬˵Ů𣿡
һЩѸպµˮæôܣҸûκιϵ
Ŷһ֪ΪʲôķЩϲ
СŮᣬ˵ʦѣֻʦķԸȥݹۿѡ
һ֪⣬ʲô䡢߶˵ǺңԶİĶ
һ¥ˣһɢҩĵҩ
ϴܶҩû꣬ܿһԪ
ѵҩ顣
˿ҲŤ󣬱ϾϵΪԪʦ˶Σв֮
ҪϢһ𣿡ʵ
˵ˣﻹߵö·
˵űվжȷʵָ糣Ҫǡ
֪ԸǿҲͽûһš
캣гһλʦϢѧȻ󲨵ʱΪ˵ĳȴ˯
ڶϣһ򿪱ţſھȻһˡ
׿硣
Ǹ𣿡üͷ΢
׿ؿһͷʦΪͽ
ԶʱЦã׿绹찡֮ǰôھȻԸؿͷͽǰת֮ɼ־һ㡣
ˣ׿ΪͽҲ̲ʲôǶѧҲգΪ鷳
߰ɣҲͽܡɴľܾˡ
׿ͷʦ书ͨΪͽ׿ԸΪţǲ
Ҫţֲūᡣе
׿м˵ʦǸгӣղСδһ;ЩΪãٿһΪͽɣ
˵ϣɲΪҡҡͷҪˣҲȥɡ
˵űɢȥһʧ׿֮С
Ĳٶȣ׿ʦľĸӼᶨˣžʯΪȥһижʦһ죬Ҳ߻ԼСȥ
˾ͿʼæµϼŴѪ¿ͻԴԴϣ⼸ɶæˣС
Ƴһû˵㵹ĵĺܣĩҲüӰࡣ
еȦˣֻڨЦһҲﲻʲôæ
ߣϴô˵㻹ˡƳβСһžͷ㻹ǲŵʵϰҾҴӡ
ΣƳϽİ칫ңһţгͬǿ
ŮְѳȥˣǸɵʲô
ͬ漵ʵȴƳεİ칫Ƶİæӡӡļ
ûã᰾ʹ绰ƳΣڲİ칫
Ƴν绰˳һ۵û򼸷ӣˣȥ
ɴ⣬ҲƵˣЩʵϰĹûȥ
ܲð칫ңһţͼüۣһƣģ
ϧ˵ܣעϢۻˡ
ҪĹңʹӦܲá˵ﻹӹһ˿ů⡣
߹µֹܲҿ϶ˣ㿴ҵϯҽʦûʲô顣
˺ܶ£ȴʲôںᰶԳƽʱɢɢؼʱȴԸеΡ
ζκȨǮ׷ңڵˣ뵱롣
ԳίΣȴһҲ⡣
Ȼ㲻ܲãҲǿˡ˵ת˻⣬һ´ҽʦȥ
ʲô£΢΢
˵һг½ֵϿͻǼ̸ܲʱͻȻ£͵ҽԺҽһ϶鲻ȥ
½֣ѵǰˮ׸е졣
ֽг½֡캣⡢ܹϼźĸûͬĵڶˡ
ԭʶ½Ҳ֪ǲ԰ˮ򣬲Ǻе񡣡᰻һºͳ½ֵĽ̸̡
ô˵ӿ϶ĵӦˣ½ֲǰˮ׸һǳ¼Ҵġ
ô˵ˣھ͹ȥɣȵúļ
ͷ߳ܲð칫ҡ




125¡ҽԺ
 

ϼҽԺ캣õ˽ҽԺʡڶಡר̴ظ
ҽԺ󣬷һҽԺѾΪſųȡţлŸŵҩζ
֮󣬳˸Сʿʵãʳ½ĸ
½֣֢໤Сʿһ֪ʵͽһֱԲѵĴϰ壬λļ𣿡
Ҳǣϼŵϯҽʦγ½ֵġԼš
仰Сʿɵ۾ŵĿų
СʿǸսҽԺʵϰõģǰͺԼͲ󣬾Ȼ˵ϼϯҽʦҲ̫ͷˡ
Ȼϼһʮ˵ϯҽʦϢѾҽԺˣСʿУǿ϶ǸΪصĴҽʦ϶·ȫǸͨ
λǼŵϯҽʦ𣿡Сʿɵʵ
ԴûҽԺСʿϲҲ֣ЦЦҽԺ쵼ȷݡ
ȫЦӣСʿȲǼ٣쵼ȷһ¾֪ˡ
ðɣСʿ˵ţ¥һ칫
ʱҽԺҪ쵼ڰ칫ңֻһʮҽ棬Сʿųüͷһʲô£
ʩҽλ˵ǼŵϯҽʦСʿС˵
ʩҽԶʱЦǼϯҽʦǲɵҲƭõ㣬û±ңϽȥɻ
Сʿʵϰһ䣬ɫ˲ͺˣԼôһİˣɵõͷȥ
Ȼʩҽʶ϶˵ˡ
㲻ʶңȥԺҰɡ˵
ʩҽһ±ЦˣվͷĵƭӿôҲһթƭϽҹҽԺҽбˣ
һ̯·ôϯҽʦʩҽƭ̫Բˡ
ŶԼȥԺɡ˵ţҪСʿ·
СʿһɫҴˣȥԺ
ʩҽ˵绰бҪóȥԺǾԼʧְûƭˡ
ܿĳ칫ңԸһСƭӣòųȫҽԺ
ҺȥʩҽָųԱ
Ҫץָհļϣͱȫԣվԭضá
ϾϼŵҽԺֻʧȥжûǡ
һѾʩҽСʿ𾪲ˣֻҪץһˣ·˵Ѩһ
аŵ˳Լʩҽ󾪵ҪٹҾͱˣ
ߵʩҽǰɵ˵ȥԺ̣
ǣʩҽһĲش졢Ժ¥Ӧڰ½ֵļ
Ǿ߰ɡ
ʩҽϽ·ųȥ¥֢໤ңСʿҲں棬뿴ôţǲľǴ˵Ǹϯҽʦ
¥زĲˣҼȻſڰ̾һɫ
½ֵĲ棬˴˵ļȺȾͷվżŮǳ½ֵļ
֮⣬һλʮ괩װ۾ҽԺԺһλ״ӵҽ˱Χס
һʮҡɫЩڵӣɫĶԺ˵ԺҰôˣҽԺôʮСʱ˻ûʲôʱܶ
벻Ҫģǵϯҽʦˡ½ֵĴӳºһ⣬Ժֻܾ
º˵ЩʲôʩҽѾųɫѿĶԺ˵Ժ˵Ǽŵϯҽʦ
һͬתͷʩҽ˵֮˾ȻһСӣһ졣
Ժͽӹᰵĵ绰˵ϯҽʦͻҲƬһμˣǾᣬһ²̫ˣԺ
Ժ֣һĻȴʩҽСʿˡ
ԭϼϯҽʦ
Ҳ¶ŵ飬ϼžȻôСӵϯҽʦѵʲôϵ
Ժȷûи˾ҪҽҰֵϯҽʦºɵǹغֵȫܶϷ
˭ĵһۣҽҽºǲһܵܲ˸ֶ




126¡
 

Ժʮֿ϶˵ǵģλǼŵϯҽʦû
̲ס࿴һ۳
̫ˣ
ԺһλҽҲǲԼ۾ڿҿҶʮ꣬Ҳҽλӡ
ʩҽվںһûڣԼղžȻô³ç͵ǵϯҽʦҪǱܹҪ
æԳϻ̳Ͽֵ˵Բ𣬸ղҲǹġ
˰֣ûʱһ
ԺȴΪã°ʩҽ˵Ȼðϯҽʦһнˮûʲôˣȥɡ
ʩҽϽͷ뿪ˣֻһнˮѾǺĳͷ
ԺҡҡͷʩҽŹϵ˸칫ְʲô¶ûУӵġ
һСʿʱ˫ĿĿųû뵽ôѾϯҽʦֱż
ˣҽȥ½ֲ顣˵ֱ߽֢໤ҡ
ԺºҽںȥҽԺ쵼ʶ³ҽºǲģۿôơ
֢໤мʿڲϻԲѵĳ½֡
ߵͷһֻ½˫Ŀաɫ԰ףĵͼʾƵʣһ˶ΪѾˡ
ĿǰжϳϰĲ֢ǹĲ֮ǰעҩҺֻǺЧɻʱҸĲԺںٺܿ˵
˵ͷĳжҲǹĲܿΪ½ⷱæնڹ۹ȶĲ֢
ȻԺ˵ƹĲҩûã㿪͸ۣ½ڿȥֳ˹Ĳٴ֢״ֳļȱѪȱ͹ǻ֮⣬״
ͫһԺи֡аҽ䡷мصһ֢𡱡
̫ΪΪأΪ࣬Ϊ
½־Ӫѹ޴󡢹ȾưҹԭĻʢĻִҽѧ޷Ҫǳḻҽܿߡ
ҽԺҽҽҾһҽˣҲ½ˡ𡱣͸۲һ֪
򣬳бжԲߣȡ룬׼ʩ赼ǻʹѪͨȥ𡱡
óһ룬ԺʵҪϰβ𣿡
ûص
û뵽ֻǿһ۳½֣鶼ûһ£ȻҪʼβһ
Ǵûβҽȫҽѧ
ºһ¾ͼˣæ˵λҽ㶼û飬ҪҰʩ룬ǲ̫ðˣ
Ȼ˵İɣȻҸʩ룬һܾȻ֡
˵óأºȴһҲš
һôʲôϯҽʦƣҽԺʵֱڿӺˣ·ŭ˵Ժû뵽ǾԴ֢˵ģǲҽˣҪҰȥҽԺ
еʱƣתƵҽԺȥˡɫ˵
ʲôҰÿ궼һȫ飬ûֲºüͷ
ԺҽҲûʲô
ֻйżصִ֢ҽѧ鲻򣬲˾ѾȲҳĲǳϡ٣ִҽѧŶ伸һ֪
ȻºеɺͷŭԽԽ˿Ϊһҽҽģɼĵ˵һֻ֢ҽżвмأҺٸǽͣڵһҪ£Ⱦγϰ塣
ºҡҡͷǼҲϼŵϿͻˣҰֲΣȴ˸βĺܻǽһʱģԺھҪҰתƵҽԺ㰲һ¡
⡭Ժһɫ˿Ҫλϯҽʦ´ָ
ų½һʱỹҲˣµͷԺ֣ͳ½ֳԺ
Ӻ󣬳ԺվҽԺſڣĿ;ȻȥԺǲʵѳϰȥҽԺ֪˻᲻
ͳ½ȥҽԺζҽԺΣԼƣпʧȥ½ͻʵǷǳصġ
İɣ³ºͻ绰ˡֶǹһ˿Ц˵
Ժһ͸Ժˣº߶ȥǶҽԺǳʧô绰




127¡
 

߻ذ칫ңԺ˱裬׼䣻ҽԺ쵼֪ϯҽʦҲаͽһֻʩҽλϣȥͳк
˴Լʮ֮Ժֻһ磬Ȼǳºġ
ԺĽͨ绰һͷ㴫º񽹼յԺʳҽҽԺܷ̹ҽԺ
ųºĻԺ۾ԽԽ󣬲˼Ŀϯҽʦôδ֪ͨ
º˵˿϶Ĵ𰸣ԺҶϵ绰ԳǳϰĶӳºȥҽԺ
ھ͹ȥ·֪º˵
Ժæ˵ҿ
ˣԺС˵꣬߳ȥ
һҽԺ쵼ͱһ£߳ȥֳӰѲˣٶ֮զࡣ
캣ҽԺĳ伱ºڲصĳ½ֲǰȹϵϡ
ﻹ캣ȨҽѧרҽϣԼҽʿ
ԭº񽫸תƵҽԺ󣬽ΪҽңҲܿ쿴½ֵĲ֢ĳĻֻ֣Ͼ˵ˡ
ֲֹûƣֻǽѾãѶȼߵĹֲѾΪ
Ҿ۷ʱڣҲֻһСվȻ½֣Ϊ½ֻʱ̫ˣѾʱ
˵ºϾʱҲѿڶֵܾģֻгҽˣ
ºһ֮£ޱȣҲ֪ҽѧ̩ɽȻ˵ֻ֮ǰǸɵ˳ֵܾ
һ̣º㵷ǳȴòţΪһθ˵ֵܾǽϡ
޾û֮£º񵱼绰ҽԺԺ
ȴĹǼ尾ģºǳ£Ϊ֮ǰĲΣȫɿԲ
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ɣȾҪྼͷУҲǸТӣȻ⵱ڸƽϣ˵ֱߵ֮ǰ
֪½ǴҽԺתģٽϳº⸱ӣѾϼǱ߷µð˾Ųʮ
æ𾴵ʺҽˡ
Խϵͷ⣬漴ȡ룬ûʿ³½£׼ʩ롣
ϺͼҽϴѾʶ뻯ĶҪٴʩչĿתĶϵĶ´һ˿ϸڡ
ȻǿַٴοʩչҲǻǳѵõġ
˾ڴĿУȡ룬ֱ½ֵĿڣ֮ע֮УһΣʩ벿λȴǷһ˿˿ýϲɵ¶֮ɫ
ϴοʩ룬ܰպ죬һȴɱϢֱ̫˼ˣ
ȷųľˣֻڹñȣʩչĶ֮
ĳºȴǿޱȵǣǵһμֱĿڲλʩƣΣյֶΣһֵܿûˡ
ǳ£Ҳֻܸɿţλνĳҽҽ
ͨǻͬʱúȥ˫£Ϊаҽ˵òʮӾͳɾι̡
ȡȡȣһֱԵĳ½ͻȻȻλѪͨĻȥζųɹˡ
º񡢽ϵ˾Դϲû뵽̶ʮ֮ڣͰѳ½־Ȼ
ҽȻҽϽ𺶲ܰΪʦ̾
ЦЦλǹŰʦ¡
ҽʵ̫лˣǼҵĴˣº񼤶üѡ
½־һҵ֧ǾԲܵµġ
Ȼұҽ֣ܾ߱ȻһҲο
Ȼº֮ǰǳ֪½־Ϊ¼Ҵ£޽·ƶѧȵȣ˵һˣ˳þȻ˵ǳֵá
ʱ½ѾʶѣǵĶԻ֪ǳԼҪ˵ҽҵ£ҳ½ֶм
ϰ壬飬ȲҪѳ½ְز΢Ц˵˵һǺͳϰͬ磬Ҳǳ¼Ҵġ
ŶҽҲǳ¼Ҵģǿһˣ֪λһʶ½־ϲ𾴵ʵ




128¡ֵط
 

¼Ҵ岻󣬵Ҳмǧ˼ң½־ƶʶ˲ˣ˾Լ˵ʶĸס
Ұֽչʵش
½ֻһ£ȷʵûʲôӡ󣬲˼˵Դ⣬̫ǵסˣҽҪ֡
һЦʵ½ȷʵǲʶ֣ˡ
½ֵĴǳº⻹һСӽгºܣʹزͬºܴСӣΪҾ󸻣磬һӵܡ
꣬ͳºܶͬһж飬һγºѧУС۸Ůͬѧײһ٣ĸĸȥ½ּҵǸ½ûмƽϣºܵǰѳǺˡ
飬ӡǳ̣½æ࣬Ѿǲ
֣γҽ㣬˵ƽʱΪǴƣү뿪ˡºã¶Цݣ˵Ҫôҽźã
½Ҳ룬㿪˵ҽлȸһҽΪ꣬ԺʲôҪ󣬾ܸ˵ֻҪϳ£ǣ
ˣϰǵǼܲģΪϼϯҽʦ㡣赭дľлһ
½ֲϼŻ赹Ҳҽ𣬱Ͼ½Ϊ¼Ҵ˺ܶ¡
½һԼϼŻ赹ȴû뵽Ȼϼŵϯҽʦ
֮һֱеԺʱŷֳᣬҽ¼Ҵ˸٢
ܾ꣬½ֺͳºһҽǼֲҪա
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֣ʹ绰̹ܽˣӦ֮һֱûӰҺ˼绰ͨºʮΡ
ТӣǸТӣ½ôӵۣ˼ҳҽǳ¼ҴģͺһͣϼϯҽʦˣܱȰ
֣ˣٸܴ绰
½ֵǶԶӵ竲ТϰΪˣ룬Ҳ绰Ҫһͨϼܲãת͸
˰뱲£һ򱨳ҪͲȥĻ½ֽ˯š

ⲽڽֵϡ
κó½֮Ÿϻع˾ҪƳνȥӡ
һֵŽֵϢ
ڵÿ˵ĶԻÿ˵ӣҲǾһ֡
ڤڤ֮иӦĿһ˾ʶ
磬˲ϲŴ׷ȥ
˼ֵһֿ֮ǰͣ¡
űġŰӵĽ׳ӣĴ򿪳ᣬʼж
һж³Ļֱ𣬾֪ЩﲻһأжһҪϢһ£ȿˮ
Ȼ鸴ӣͬʱЩɻ
жˣһΪᣬӲʣֻ֮üһ֮ɫ
˾ǳеͬͬѧ֣ҲĺֵܣԸǳϵҶϲС˵ģ´壬ѵѧУĻ죬Ҳ˵˲ˡ
ϴѧ֣ѡȥϵԽԽ٣֣Ϣǰûصȥˣ֪֣ѡֲӣʱΪ˸˺ܾãԼֵܻͷˡ
ֻôת֮䣬֣ͱжˣóһʱ䶼ΪԼǲϴˡ
ֵܵһҲǣ֣жŻһһյģƺеȳˡ
һᣬ͸ۣ֣ǵȳϻ˺ۣȻִ˷ǳĺ
Щˣ֣ʣжӻҪЪϢһᡣ
ֵܣЩ궼ʲôҧҪȥϣȴ뵽֣Ǹĺǿļһ϶Ըⱻжӡ
˰Сʱж꣬һѾ۵߲ˣڲֿſϢ֣ĽֵȥƺҪȥԷ
һ͵֣꣬Һλã׼ԷʱֶҲ˸ˡ
֣ѿڶһκƺԼûˡ
֣ΪʲôңдŹк𱸡
֣ȻһЦӣҸ˭
ֵܣɫ˵˹Ҳµȥ棡
֣һ˿ů⣬Цҡҡͷ㣬ʮ߰η壬ϧѾǵˡ




129¡ͬѧ᣿
 

ȸң㵱úúõģôܻˣ˻˵㱻ѡֲӡԼƽȵ˵
֣ɬҡͷ˵浱ֵܣͱ˺֮Ҳʲôֱˡ
˵¶ʹ֮ɫƺʲô׵ļ䡣
ãôҲʣһôģȡ뵽֣˴඼ʲô˴㣬Ұ㱨𣡡
˰ɣЩԶԶǲģҵֲСӶӳЩ˶޻֮Եħ֣΢΢鴤嶼̲ס
˺ʹ֪࣬϶ӰһʱҲȥ˰̣֣ڻˣԺкܶʱ䣬ʹ
֣Ҳ֪㾭ôµ飬Բ𡣡ǸȻֹе˵ڼȻˣҾͲۻǹ˾ϰɣ
ӦûϴİɣҲڹ˾ʵϰܸҰʲôְλˡֱ֣л˳⣬ҲǲֵΪѣڰθɻ˾Ȼ۵㣬ǹʻ㲻Ʊ㻹ء
ΣǸоϷŮͬѧǵöεļһ𣿡һԺо͸ֳһӵ
֣شֿһҵӳθбҵȥֵĵӳܾҸջû·˽ȥɻģȥպȱͻ˾Ҿ͸ˡ
һƬΣ֣ôǵˣȴҪļһˣԿرԸ񣬿϶֣ɫ
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Ǿˮ·ʲôҩƵģâʢˮ׳üʵޱȡ
ɢ˱ϾֻǷ֮ܿͳܲסĳҽһɿӡ˫֣ļվסɫҰףѿ˺üӡ
Σ˭Ҳóɢ˰ˣ
ɢˣ⣬ɷ񣿡ׯʦ«ʵͬʱȥˮϵѪ
ѹ׵ؼղˮ֮Уû˿ѪһĻȻҲ˿Ѫ
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ڶ฻ǶýĻ˵öԼˣıΪִȴûм
ׯʦǼʶ棬óоԿϲѾ಻סҪˡ
һڸȲׯʦ¶Цݣ˵ȻûҶǾͿʼľˮɡ
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Ϊڶ฻ģǶԳɱ⣬Ҫٴһˮܣ
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Ϊ޵ߣҲ˽һЩѧ˵ϣܹв޵ߵĴڡ




142¡ָ
 

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ׯʦͻȻôԶЦЦһ˿Ϸ֮⡣
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145¡ᰵĸĸ
 

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⡭Ȼа취ֻ֮Ҫһʱ䣬ҵĺ֢ͿԱκáɫ΢˵
ۺͷ赾˵ζԼŮᱻƭ˰ɣ
ȻĲ뷨϶ûֳ赾ɫĶŮ˵ᰣһϣͺļһ棬ܺܿκĺ֢Ҳõһˡ
ѾǸ߼ҽκĲҲ˵ᰣĻһΰɡ
ﲻǵ˼ǲųܹεú
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ͻȻᰵ忿ţҲ˼룬ûô
ӣ˵ʵҵĺ֢ûΨһһҲûãͿԺҽӴˡ
Ϣۺͷ赾ǲ֪˵ʲôˣô飬ԼŮڤڤ֮Ե
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147¡Ѧ
 

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ʣ˫뿪˳ĸ첲û˵֡裬ûͳ̸̸Ҳ֮ϡ
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˵ҪԼһȥҲû˵ʲôϾԼҽڳ˾ߣҪǸνҽʲôˮƽ
ۺͷ赾ŮӦҲҪóͬϣܹһǰȥ໥һԱȣСӻ֪ԼʵУ֪Ѷˡ
ϾǸģʶΪġ
˵ˣ᰺úһž֮֡

ʱܿһͽӵĵ绰
С˵㲻ȥ̼Ҳϰ𣿡һʲϰ顣
ڨЦһ˼裬ȷʵȥϰ
ðɣ㲻ȥϰҲǿ㣬컹Ҫȥúø̺Ϲ˵һ£Ҫλ֪𣿡ϸ˵
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ǻǵһθԼҪ󣬳Ȼܾ
ллˡϲ֮飬֮ǰе㵣˻᲻Ը⣬Ƕɢˡ
Ůûͽ԰·ϸպ˸绰ǰ˵һԼҪȥҡ
պſں壬պɺİѳ˽ȥ
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ֱѦ˵ڶǸгĶ׿ȥʱѦ΢˵㡣
Ůܹ׿紦һ飬ô۶ŮҸ;Ǻôġ
Ǹ̻Ѧ˵ǸԺȷʵϰɫ
պæЦ˵õǸʲôǸⶼСһ׮ǲģҲҪһʶҰúܡ
Ѧؼ֮󣬾ͶԳڲᣬҲ˵Ϊʲôϰʱպ绹Ϊֵòˡ
ҵȻЦЦ
ʱѦôӷ߳ңʱԭأ֪ôк
ϸĩ̫ˣ庣һű˫̥ûŮͣԼлϴɱ學֡
һеһУѦо·վƶˣ߸ϣһˡ
СôҲкպ𱸵˵Ůһ䡣
ѦɳϸĩĥĻ֮С
Ѧ״صĺһϿȥϴһ£ļλ쵼ио۲ͣ׿гҲҪȥҴһȥ
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׿类ľ񹦳۷ҪΪʦ飬ѦҲ֪ģ׿Ը
Ϣ׿ܿظ˵Ϲ
ԭ׼ȥȴܲסպ飬һᣬһЩ顣
Ѧɳ۾Ŀŵţֻһ仰Ҳûͳ̸ˡ
Ѿûмļֵ
ʮӺѦϴϣ߽
ѦĿһۣ˵һʮǾ͹ȥ
֣׿˵ҪǼҡѦһһ˵
ʲôѦ׿ҪоȻЩź;ϲô˵ֶû׼ʲôд磬˼ҿǵһǼң׼ôУ
ӣѦ˼˵ʵ׿ҳġ




148¡Ĵ
 

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ѦվӶˣ߶ƺ׿ʲôá
ܿ뵽ʲô߽Լķȡһ¸ߵıУһһֵֻʮҵİٴֱ
ϰֵһμҪ׿ôصѦЩˣ׿ȻǸгĶӣڶ飬ûнٳʵȨϰ־Ȼô
պ絹ɷģʮͶδ׿ϣʲô
ѦպϱУ˵ȥš
Ҫ׿ȫҵ顣
Ѧϰ˵Ѿ߹ȥ򿪴ţĸߴ׿˽
磬Ҫǰ˵һ㿴ʲôҲû׼ǺǡѦЦ׿еʺ
׿ֻǵ˵ͷѦּ̫ˡ
߽һ۱㿴ɳϵĳߵǰԥĹ
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ı˳ƺΪƺ֪ͨݣһλʦ
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׿·ûĻĿĿų˵⼸տֻ̿ҵĳ⡣
һۣһ̶̼֮ڣΪȻ˼֣е˼
⻹ԶԶ˵ߣǰڳҲֻһֻ
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Ĵ׿ĿƵ˵һ֮顣
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ΪҪţûдŮװǴеѧװȥ崿ɢഺϢ
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ŮǰԼĵò˫̥ŮһԱȣԾĵͷȥԲλࡣ
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ڿ˫̥ŮȻһͨͨǣ֣ǼֱĽʵú޲ɱ˳˶
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ܹͬʱӵƷŮ˫̥һʮ֮꣬ĸ˿˶ἵʵܲ˵ġ
رǳȥͨʲôǮˣȴӵƷ˫̥Ů




149¡·
 

٣ʲôӵ·ΧĿ⣬΢ЦԽûʵ
ٶһۣ˶ӶԷпɬ֮⣬˭Ҳûпڡ
һĻô·Ҳôߣ
ôˣʲôƵ·Ҷ򵥡пһٶ˺ܺ˵
СŮԥ˼룬ջǽߵĿڵˣҪģͨ·
ŶҪʲô·ʵ
˵Ҫ֡COSװ
ʲôһˣ˼뵥ޱȵĽûô·
ʱҲҧӣ˵ģ˵ϲֻŮӣرǴװģҪø̼ķֺˡ
ҿһĶͷ
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̵ļ˵ǳȥ˿㡭
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һĻԱǶҲ̫ڸв֪ˣŮ󶼲¼䡣
ŮѵмʶðԳһٱӣòɡȻСŮѣȥǲе㲻а
ܵΧŹֵĿ⣬ǲҲýˣĻᱻ˻Լ⡣
ȥ¼䣬һȥͼͽûš
¼䱾ŮѾ༫ˣһռ䶸ȻѹüûŲء
Ҳû뵽¼ôС˽ƷŮһ±
ҴŻװʹŴŮװվһȻĳչڳǰͷȲѡ
ˣôû΢΢ͷе˵
Ҳ߽ŵ˼㡣
崿Ů˵СһԼƽ˵ܺÿ
̫ˣϲͺãٿĵöףˡ
Ǹһż⣬Ͳ䵽˳ĽӴóЩѳֲסСֱ˷




150¡ħ
 

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˼ȥûһȴ˸϶˲ٸĽѡ
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󣬳ڸо˺ܶ࣬۴ЦʵǻҪҪ·
ˣˡûɵҡҡͷ
ƽʱѧǴУصʹŮװŮװиֿʽûͨе·
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һڽûɨ˼͵ĵļһһۡ
бɨ̲סһͬʱ͵ĵֻĻȻ䱬ѿžһء
ΪֻըˣŵæȻڵϵֻĻ飬û쳣
ĵʱ׷׿·һֽһҲƵжԶܶԶˡ
ǹһȣٿܵУŶӡ
̲󣬳̲Ĺ˿Ҹλ
ȻǺܱ̲ͨ裬Ϊģȵýζʮܵӡ
ʱ䣬ַ̳ǳرѧǶϲ̳ӰȺ̲裻ͿмͬУĸ̲Ҳ̲ȵġ
Ů߸׼ŶӣһۼͻȻڹ˿Ϣ٣̲סг˫̥У
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ǲģǵ̲ȥʲ֪ˣһŮе㲻ˬ˵
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Щ̱Ļüͷһ壬ͷ
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ûһ˫ĿŹڴ˵뿴
ҲĻ˹ˣǵҪУҪʲô
ˣ˵ţͻȻһָ
أ
Ůŵ̲ͻȻһ·Ҳࡣ
Χ˲˼ĿһĻ֪ʲô顣
ѵ̲ﻹװըɣ
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151¡
 

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ٵʱһ죬ͷ̲衣
ĩʱ⣬ϻȥپͷֱ˻װʹŮװ
˴Ȼ·ڱȥǲҪڡаҽ䡷һңйķš
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Ƶ캣ҵ庣ҲԶ
Ŀĵ֮󣬲ʢƵүҿġ
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ķ̣ΰҧгݣȴװûʲôµӣٺЦ˵ôϾûƴ㿴֣һ֪ѻˣҺҸŸж˾ĹȻú簡
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νڳҲǴ֮ˣϾεǴţ
ܵڶͬѧĴε⵽Ƕˣֿ˳һۣʵôҵӳϰ໹١




152¡ǵ
 

ϰ壬ϻô첻𣿸Ͻ÷Աϲ˰ɡƮƮһ仰ѿζ˻ȥġ
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ڷԱϲ˵ĹУͬѧȥν绰룬պϵмûҵĴѧѯʱҵܲȥεĵӳϰ࣬ζЦеĴӦˡ
ӳﶼûƴѧΪʲûԸȥҪܹӵͬѧһ㶼
Ȳϵòʱ򣬿ξƱ׼˵ƯôҸɱʱ߽һŮ
ŮժñӺͿ֣¶һžò峺ͫףüĽë΢΢زţ覵Ƥ͸ۣ˫õ廨꽿ΣڵͷȻȴڼϡ
һϮɫJoeJules̿Сףгһһľģٴһۻɫchanelϥȹһ˫ɫPINKYROSEͲѥǹˡ
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ۣ໨ˣοÿˮˣһĵЦݶԷh˵
ǰƯķhȴĬȻһ仰û˵ûкֻ۵ӹһĨʹ֮ɫ
˷׷վhкֻгźۣҴ˿̶оһ˿Ծ
֪Ͱ໨hͬ˻һ飬˵ȷʵһҲ˵ֻǵ˼
Ǵŷhһ뿪ˮУΪҪ˦뱻;ʱ˻ֻȻǳԲġ
죬ʱ³һ飬ٶ˵Ĳ²⡣
h֮󣬺˴кһ˫ֻӿȥгϲһ˿˵㺡
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һ͸ԼԱһλΪһ̡
Ҫø質һȽȽԼߣǸöӰ
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hֻǵһЦòԵľܾˣ߾ͺá
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εģhȥǱĿΣ˿̸оϻģӶһ
һﲻܷhоΪζֻȰ˵Լֵ֣ຣ뿪ӵĵӳ
ûлӦh۵һ˿˲ЦӯӯģԼŵӷŵŮͬѧм䣬΢Ц˵һãлл
ŮͬѧhÿˣȴȻĿռ仹Ǻխhȴһ㶼Ƶģųֱ
£˲òɴ۾ôһǱ˦֮һֱǺĵӣôhϵˣⲻԾ
ѵ໨˦󣬻ܺڲɣ
붼ܣhڿǴǼ׷ĸȦĶǣǮвš˧ѡĸҪȼҾƶͨѧĳҪǿһٱϾǸ߸˧͵˿
Ҳ벻ףȻܹͷhţļʵûȼգɫȻȫˣΪףҾñط꣬ɱɣ
˵źһƱһ
hľƱͳһ£۵С˿˼ʣɻĽ
뵽h֮ǰڰ༶Ⱥγ˾ǲҲţhΪ˳
ɱ֮󣬿ôҼԺȣ˴˿˼ڳԷˣܶͬѧѾ̲סóֽʸhҪǩ
ⳡͬѧᣬȻǿͣhһͳΪ˾Եǡ
hȻǴǣȴûȦܶƵļӣҪǩͬѧ߲ܣ΢ЦǩԼ֡
ҪӰhʹǸľܾˣΪ͹˾Ҫ˺Ӱ
˴źֻǩ֮߻λ
ǩ֮󣬷hл˵ˣҧӣų˵⼸㻹𣿡
ҺòãӦò°ɣǡĻĮ裬·ڸһδʶ˵
˿̵ĳƵᣬԺȴһĻĻֶʹĻ䡣
hĳˣ˶ǵһΪ˴̹ĵ£ڼӵİˮУǽҡٳС֣öļ䡣




153¡ֵ
 

˸ĳһ죬ȥϿεʱԱߵĿҲûзhӰʱһȥhûٳ֣绰ҲûдһΣȻٵ뿪ˡ
ܿ˵͵ӰѧԺޣΪ̤;ǰ׼ʱܶԷ˵h±Ӱ죬ź˦ġ
֮ļʧɹֵȥ˱˦ټϸ߿ѹ˵Ұһʱڡ
ԷhĮһϵЦҲһ˿ɬ
һĻǼʣǷŭԳе˼Ҵǽò׵ߣȴ⸱̬ȣҪǰѷhˣӵһȥ˽ٷͣ
û뵽׽ô죬ͳ϶϶ͷô˻ȫˡ
ʲô̬ȣƨ£ؾһҲ
εʱðֱ̣ӱֿڵıҪڿɲǵеʱûǮû͸ӹԹԵţȻ͹ȥ
ǺǣһֵĵӳΪԼͰһЦҲεıŭ⡣
޵ľǱ˵ϰ֣Ȼʵ
·˵ʹһϷⶶʮּңǱըˣĵãȻҪͲҪҲ
˵֣һ£ʽĽе֣㵱ģӰѳСһ٣Ҹӹʣ
ܣ֣Ȼܾ
Ȼǰ£ҲȣҪӵԼֵܣ򲻿ܵġ
㻹Ҿܾһŵı鿴֣Цˣð㲻ҴĻͳ㣡
֣ӹһ˿ʹԥ֮ɫֻһ벻ü˵㳴Ҳˣ
ֵܣ֣ڣܸˡ
Ȱ˵֣ȥԼ˾ϰ࣬ıһݺְλģ֣ԼӴְòˡ
һȫĿɿڴû뵽֣˵ɾͲˡ
֣Ǳ£ҧ֣ȳӣҪɵһΪһʱ֮ʱΪмҲɣɱң
ԵĻ֣ɫǺ죬սȭͷ첻ôͬѧڳԻݺݰѿνѵһ١
̵֣ˣɾ̲ˣһ豭ֺֿεͷ
ž𣬲豭飬αҵһҽУʹĿλûѪȻǳƺÿʹֿ˺ۡ
ͬѧᣬҲѪǸһӡ
ҲҶҶ֣òͷǲǣΰͷƿڴ
ĿĿòͷˣֵܣҽûȡˡ
ݣӷźݻǰɡһ˫۾ɵñţ廹סҸ˵ӽʱͬˣΪǸб۸ʱ򣿡
˵ţϵֻ绰ë磬ұ˴ˣʢƵ꣬Ϲ𣿺ã
˵ֻⶪϣĿųˣݣӽʶһ£ʲôĺˣ
˼ԭúõͬѧᣬȻֵֵӣҿκԻ˵ϵĴ鲻ưոˡ
Ϊ˲Σһʱ֮ҲȰ
֣Ǹж۾ͨ죬Լ⸱ģޱֵͦϣֱǱȼ˻Ҫˡ
Ҫ߰ɣһˣ´򲻹ӽˡ֣ȻܸмͦһѪڣӻǺǵġ
֣ĻǺϾţЦЦֵ֣ģʲôµģߣ
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˵ôᶨ֣Ҳǲܲˣֵһһٴ
˵ֵ飬ȴʵĲ˲۾˵øжжҶ޳ˣȻⲢûʲôã̶ĵǸһҴһ
ȥɣӣһ仰ÿ
ôh֮ȴһҲļԿ˵Σ˰ɣͬѧ᲻Ҫֵô
h⸱̬ˣ㻹˵һԴǵĿǣ·Լ˻ʹߣɵƸղŻò豭ңҲܾôģ
hȰ˵һű˴ֱƿ߽űġһĺӣ׺һһǵϵˡ




154¡໨໤
 

˿⼸󺺽ȫû뵽λеϵĹϵ
Ϊ׵Ĵ°һź룬泤˸ĺëһͿΣ˵ӣ˭ˣ
ë磬һָų˵ͬʱ¶飬ؿ㻹ôٰһٴҲʵʵ
ëĿתƵϣͨȫӣǵӣСӶסһ£Ǯ
ǹδˣɲǴģյǮû˭Ը
СסһҽԺТëһȾǮαһ֣ƺеʹ
һ飿ëŤŤ첲һûӣӣҽǴĸֵܹһôǷְ
İô˹ģҧҧֶܿЦ˵ë磬ҰǸȳһѵˣҸ飡
ˣ飡ë籨һҲ
ȻСӿһսûУһȳӣǮҪġ
İһ۹󣬲źݺݵ˵ã飡
ëĵͷĸСһ೯ų֣ȥ
ʱһٻӰм䣬Ƿh
ǸҴ˵ĻҾͱˣ
ȻǰһĴŮë翴۶ֵˣͻȻʲôѿڽеⲻʲôʲôǫh𣿡
ȻʶңǾͿ뿪ɣعȥǲкùӳԵġhһ㶼ң
ۼҪƣϽ˵hÿһǵݣСֵ𣿡
ûҾҪ㲻˵ˣ뿪ɡhȻͬʱ۳Ŀ¶һ˿顣
һ죬û뵽hȻΪ˳ֵزѵ˦˳ĴǼٵģ
ӣİ໨ڵĴԶԳδ˰
hвëȴ˿ϣı캣пǺ绽ĴڣٳĴжҪԹԵš
ԣӵȻǲ׬ײ׬ˡ
ḛ̈Ŀ˼hȻҪƿٴ˳㿫͡
ֻԼϮhݱɫнɲ뱻壬ǳ˷hҧûÿ
ëֿhʱhͻȻоԼһֻסȥ
ǳhһЩʹۿˡ
֮󣬾һֱûи˵һ仰ȴΪ֣
˾ĿУѷhԼվ˳ץסë֡
ëԭŮû뵽ץסʱ߳ŭһѳ֣һ߾һֱֻۻȭ˹
ֵСģ֣û뵽ϴ˵ʹҪȥֵܿһȭһĻȴ۾
ֻëȭͷûǻһȣץסëֻһתë˲䱻תڰкŴȦ
ϴ󣡡
ĸСܼԾæȥסë磬Ȼëϴһɼĸ˸ë壬͸ëһĪɳȥˤڵء
ëѾתðǣСҲˤ߻أ˫ۻۡ
ͻȻ˾Ŀɿڴ֪ʲô顣
Ͷϲ£ˣֻץסëһŤɰȫˡ
ֱǰռˣû˹顣
֣Ҳ¶˼ųѵԼֵܻصָ֣
ֲСӵĶӳǿҲôɵİѼɡ
h˽ˣȻ֪ӵ֣⼸϶ʲô飿
ʵͬͬѧУֻзhóı仯ģȫˣǰӳһ˿аȣȥظС
ëĸСĵվ׷ʲôôǰˤ˸䣬ʵ̫ˣϴܣкС˵ϣ
ղſ϶Լûվ˳ĵëţؿ϶СӺúóһǵȭͷ͡
׳ʵ󺺾ȭͷúķhʧɫҲŵôסˡ
㣡֣Ѫӿþûһˣ˵žǰȥ
һֱֻסǳ
ֵܣ˾ͲҪˣҾСЦ˵
ۼȭͷҪкϣë翴ôϾǲ֪ˣ¸ǼӴҪСӻſ




155¡
 

飡
ΪҪˣȴĿëĸСȻ˳ȥѰŶײˣˤϣʹ
ȫסˣû뵽Ľ
˸ɷ죬һغϼ䣬ֱɱ
һû˿ôֵġ
ֱ̫ˣ˿ųĿⶼˣ⻹ǵʶǸ
һŵ˵
ֵܣôͻȻ֮ôˣ֣ʮ˷ܵİųĸ첲ʵ
ЦЦ͸˵صˣܸ˰ɡ
Ǳ˵һţǳ˵ģţ֣˼³ļ˷ϲ
˾;йˣʱ䣬ôһָ֡
ɣǶԳĺԽԽˣԺеӡҲ
hһ˫۾ֱĿųӣƺҪ˵ʲôˣûпڡ
ֿ֪϶˵ܣhٴμóԼӡ󲻺á
챻ɹëգĴүиСӰǴˣǳ֣
ү֣ǹôɰɣʢƵҲɵĵ֮ڣ
μëںǵϴȴ˫Ŀƨƨߵܳᣬֻ⣬ڽʲô
һģˣһ۾ϳˣʢƵСϰ
һװʹ󺺣Ӧþëǵϴ
ëȣ˶
үү˵СӾڰһֺõЦ˵
üͷΣô£үľƵԷ£
үǰҽͿͬѧᣬһǰҲԸСò豭ңëǹѵһæЦŽ͵
￪ǼƵ꣬εĵӳһǾǱ걬˿βŶͷ
ߣүǮļֵܾڱүľƵ걻˴ˣ赣𣿡˿Ҳŭ־±ү
εʱųһ亹֪ëΪʲôô͸ˣԭպǵϴʢƵǮ
ǰɫװ󺺣ûɵһⶼǼƵǮģǿ϶캣жмﰡ
סүԩͷծֵܵСӾ棬ɲҵ°˵
үĿ˿һۣһ仰û˵߽ᡣ
ں¶ЦݣУô
˿һ׳׺Ĵ󺺽֪λëǵϴĲɵһ
ȻĴǱë綼Ҫϼġ
ûװ󺺵ʱ򣬾Ѳµ˭ˣЦЦĿڵױð
үһױɫ䣬ϵɷ֮ȥһ˲ü˳۵ףͷԳϹϾĵԭˡױһҼ۵Сܰѳүˡ
˼⸱ģȫ¶ŵ飬ľһ㡣
оȻƺΪүôֱ˵ϡ
վںĿζ쿴ɵˣ⾿ô£үӦúݺݽѵСһٲŶ
ǰò𾪣үǳСܣǳʲô
һⶶøˣĵײֹӿֳ־塣
ױ⼸Сܺûòǹһ˿Ц⣬䲻ȵ˵
ױﲻ˼ë⼸ƽʱװģڰǮæ۸ˡ
ϴͷԸֵ飬Ȼֵǧվݬ룬һЩ޷аС͵
һ֣ЩСܶᱻëǵĻǳүױ͸ˣתԼСܺݺ˼ţ߶ϺüͷǹƵꡣ
ױʰë缸תĿ˿һۣȻ󹧽ĶԳʵүӽСܹģ
ûױ㰡ҸеͬѧĻƽܴһ
ױϾɻô꣬Թɫı¯֪࣬ү仰һ÷
¶һ̵Цݣױǰ
ŵľӷö֧Ųסһˣ촽ŰүԲ
һ̶𣬿λû˵꣬ͱױһƺݺȷɣײǽϣѪ³ǰĽȫɢƵ޴ʹҪжҡ




156¡׸Ҳڣ
 

ױδװڻȥɿμ£˰ֵˣϾǿϰͣҸһӡ
һζôˣʲô⣬⻹Ӱ
ױ˳Ļֺܹ˳˻Ը
⸱ͷ׵ģԳ־ôôһλмģ
ıҶҪΪ⼸겻ڶѧڻˡ
Ȼôᣬ̶̼ʱ캣гУҲǲܵ顣
˳вŻԽԽء
ʱվںҲӭЦԳʺ¡үû뵽ݹʢƵ꣬١Сûмʱˡ
ʱѾû֮ǰԳİͲмԵһֻСһҡβˡ
֪庣һűǳʱ򣬻̫ȷɵĹϵɵĶױԳϹϾ˵ǱɻҪ߲εĴ
￪ǼƵ꣬ҪԴɳԻ֮ϵĳǱ뵱ˡ
һǵˣټ֮ǰ飬ԼҵľƵܿ쿪ȥŴ󼪡
ǽװĿμҲԳ˹ֱҸضȥˣչֵѾȫλ걬
ˣǻڿͬѧᣬûʲô°ɡĿڡ
ɱ˵̬ȣͺбڰѶԷɵͷ룬ǳ˵ȴǶĵЦݣ˳ᡣ
ױҲˣߺ󣬰һƬžѾ֪˵ʲôˡ
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ͻȻԼ⼸ֲӵľܿܶȲϳľʡ
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ֻڣƺǸʱ
αͬѧλ˼ֽǣɫһһף˺þò˵ȥϴּ䡣
ŷֵϴּϴ˸ˮʺӡɸ߸𣬶ʱ޷ˡ
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İŷһۣη־Ȼǰˮ׸½ԷҰﶼļˡ
һصƱȥ
ΣôžƱȥһͬѧʵ
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֪ղűöˣҪһӡ
صÿ˵ĻеǶ԰ˮģ԰ˮ׸½ֵĹ¼Ϥöܹˡ
½Ĵʲ϶ԶԶǼƵģҲʲôϵǿö࣬һţƳҲᵹùġ
ϳ׸ĹϵͳһԱԵȫռϷˣţóҲûţƣҪȻզһ̯ء
Ͼ⣬԰Լˮƽĵһ϶ǴˣǷhһӻֵڳԶԶܱȵġ
Ľ񣬿ţǺǵ˵ǵţ׸Ҵк
仰Ҷ¶ڴĿ⣬Ҫܺͳ׸ʶһ£ԺŸ׶ˣϾ½ǳˣϲƶ
ζ˵ı⣬žƱͦصߵ½ֵİȥţܿһš
ӴⲻǳºǺɰһҲԷεȻʶˣǳ½ֵĴӣҲǳ׸ҵ֡
º񿴵ŵǿΣȴ΢΢һüͷ
ԭμҵĵӳԴﲻ׼º֮ǰѾǶϾ
Ͳסֳ½̫ãμһƤ˵ǣ˵硢ӳûпͻҪȥ֮ĻһʱͬӦ̡
ˣºھΪεӳĻԴͷۣӸͲһлᣬ½Ͼκ顣
ӣʲô𣿡º䵭ʵ
ƤЦĵ´磬ȻԵͬһҾƵϣֺһҾһƣԱﳤںǵӳл⡣




157¡ҽѧϰ
 

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ллܡллܣεͷ˵ֿ˻
֮󣬿ο۲г½ֵӡһЩֵܽõݣΨûг½ֵСӳºܡ
Ҳ֪ºܵӣ۲Ͷֲ֪ܵﻨƵȥˡ
ܣͿͬѧᣬպһҲʢԷ˹ơһֺõģԳ½˵
½ֵ˵ͷ΢Ц˵ͬѧᣬǺܺðͬѧ֮Ͷ磬øԽԽˡ
˵öԼˣζЦݣе½һ˰ƣʮ
֮󣬿ֹȻʵܣôݾ۲ͣϲ°
Ǻǣǳýò׶пգһԸҲϲһ׮ɡ½ЦǺǵ˵
ʵ֮嶼۲ͣΪ½ִѲҪףһҲΪ˸ϧͼž۵ӡ
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Ȼû⣬һȥɡ½ֺˬĴӦ
ϳºҲΪչӵϾǱôͬѧ϶˲Ŵڵģո棬Ժлߺ
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ܵĿ⣬ָֻɫͬʱƵĿ˳һۡ
ͬѧǣǺð½ֺеĺʹҴк
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ҽºϲĽг֣ҽҲﰡ
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һĻ˶ʱˣôܸʶһƺΪҽ
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½ֹ˵϶ҽ˵ϳ¾ˣҾˣҳܿɾɷˡ
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˵ⷬԻһʱ価ĿɿڴϢ̫ˣ
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ǳ½׿˵˿϶Ϊ췽ҹ̷
ʱβ°ͶˣôͻȻֶ֮һҽݣ˳׸ľˣӳ׸Ƿ˳һ鰡
Լ½ֵһϵͳȣǴˡ
Գ½ֵΪˣԺҪʲô½ֿ϶Ḱġ
֪Ȼ½ִӦҼӦ̣ȳºȨҵӳҲʲϳ¼ҵôˡ
뵽֮ǰĵˬʧӰ٣һ˰ء
Σû뵽ǰ໹˳ҽ˲𰡣½º͵ĻȴһѵεͷҽᣬѧһҽϼŵϯҽʦϣŬܶҽѧϰ
ϼϯҽʦ⼸֣˸𾪵Աˣԭ֮ǰ˵ϼϰ࣬Ȼǵϯҽʦ
ϼŵϯҽʦְλɵģһҲȿβδǰ;˶Լ֮ǰ̫ͳˣ˲¶డ
εɫְֺףо·˼ƵģۣղԼϼʵϰ׬˼Ǯû뵽˼ҵϯҽʦֱǳڴ
֣˿ҲĲ˼飬ԼֵܣоԼ첻ʶˡ
hҲ֣в뷨һֱظһ⣺Щ㶼ʲô




158¡׸
 

½ںͳ˵ʱѾ߻һλɫĴŮһ˫ڳ
ΪϽ½￴ŮԳʲô˼ЦǺǵ˵ҽŮѰɣ䰡
ǡе㵭Į˵
⸱ɫ½ֱƨû뵽ĵϣѵŮȻԳҽǵ˼
Ҳǣҽ߿϶Ůƣϼŵܲᰣ½־ͼΣòΪˣǰŮ֮¡
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hò΢Цܡ´磬ǺãҽзhЫh
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½佱ȴȫûᵽ￪ӳĿΣҲ֪ǿϰֲŻ쵽ֵز˳½ûа˲š
ԽɫԽڣоĿԼȥˡ
ܣʵҺͳͬҵĳh˵˵ȥˣһ顣
ףס½ֿhˣȻ֪û˵ڵǳĸ֣¶Ц˵ҽһ˲ţŮӼҲҪΪֶ̫ʧԵҪϧ
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½ִϲЦ˵ҵʱǰ˷͵ݹˡ
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ҳһλ׸׿֤ҽϼŵϯҽʦڸϸ걬Ρ
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һλױݽΪĻ֦չŮ߹Ҫһơ
Ů󵨵ģҲзhһλŮǰҹԳۣ⡣
ĿοݶҧˣŮ֮õİȴԳüȥۡ
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Ůͬѧ¶Թ˵ڷˣɱ˽㵱ĺãԺҪϵŶ
΢΢һЦûлӦŮͬѧ˵úǵйһƵģʵϲźü̥ء
ӾһŮͬѧ죬ǰɵš
λȴûʲô˼ԺˣĿʱʱͷhƮȥ
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ϸóֻĻʾһСᰡ֡
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159¡ķh
 

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ְҵŮԵµǸǵŮ۹ʣش㿪ɡ
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ְĿ⿴ֻûȥκһվſƺڵȴʲôˡ
Ҳ˳ûпһת߹ȥʵôѵϼûиǵĳҽ䳵ҪҪһ̣
ǺǣˣϿĳ»ؼҪϴһϵ衣ǹЦ⣬ûһ
ɫһڣһͻȻʲôԾĵط
ϼθλ׸ΪҽӦ÷˲Ŷԣôͨͨ·ûУ
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ΰԼеĲ²ⶼ˵˳ԽԽԼ뷨ûϯҽʦֻͷˣҿŵӳʵڣ򹤺Լϰ廹ǲܱȡ
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֣Ҳоƺ򡢺լ㳵еӡ
һ㶼⣬ԼֵܱôԺ϶ɶУ߹ȥסļЦӣǸһ߰ɣ㲻˵ҪҼһ𣿡
Ǹ˾ͺá΢΢һЦԭغϾվš
˶е棬ڵʲôˡ
Ҳʶһ£ߣƵĵһ̣һҫı顣
ȥֻǿƵ⳵·
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ڿοȫװ䣬һֱԴ䵭ԣԼģĶеֻˣͲóͷh˲ܸϡ
ڷhķۺɫӵʱ򣬴濪һɫ͵ܳ
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۾ֱˣһܣЩӰ˴۸
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160¡ᰵ
 

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ͬѧǷ׷ĽΧ˹ʵʲô
Ц𣬶ǿŮ˵ܰɡ
ܣ׹DC˾սȨW Motors˾ƵΪڰʿŮĽܵ
¶һ˼飬ʵ̫ߴˣȻս޸Ƶܳϡ̶Ȼһ㳬֮ϣʱԽ÷Խֵ
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Ϊ̽Ůǿˣϵʵ̫ǿˣһ˸о¶˺üȡ
λġϰ壿֣еŵ˵᰸ÿԵѹǳ˲Ծͻ˿رֲ֣ӣԤԼ̫ŮܲõĻΣԴӡ
ǰ˵ţ᰽ܵܣ֣ҸеĺֵܣһݹǼϰࡣ
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ܣڶù˰˿ѾƽľЦе˵hҵǰŮѣҵǰǰŮѡ
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⡭˵һѾˣԺлٽɡڨڨһЦ
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162¡Ůܲõ
 

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˵ˣųĴ˺ĵĻһһᣬΣʱ޽硣
˵Ҳǿǵĸ棬ϾĸĹġ
ᰶԳǺΣǼȻԸƵĻᣬ;ӦС㣬Ǿ˵ɡ
΢΢ͷܵųĸ첲һ߽ͬĵֲ
ûдǽκһӵƻķ䣬һƬ֮ϡ
ʲô̤ݵأü΢ʵ
ļΪ԰˵С㣬ֲҲǰڣȫչʱ׼죬λŸʦùơ
ұˣҲͨGalop˼ˣڵ¡Ӣоٰ£ù
ҫĽˮƽΪ᰻Ϊ֮̾ȴȫΪɫһ缫
ȤĴųرܵƥжеԾԾˡ
һƥݺ۳ңǺܶ˶뵽顣
᰾þûбʾĸЦһ˵С㣬֮ԴΪҸ֮ǰøСԹ۲һǵķӦϣܹһͬУһͨı֣֢ҩ
ĻƺеΪҽƲʱͨ˵̸ֹȵȽвϡ
ԥΪȫ˷ʱ䡣
ڿı֮󣬱΢Цô
档ЦЦ˵
Ǻãɡǰһ̻˪ʱ¶СŮ˵̬
ҪʹȫһӣĿðҧгݣϵЦݶάֲסˡ
Ϊĸڹ⻹ǻصģһŮ˶Ͷͱû뵽Լ᰼棬ȴݺһѹ
ȻĿɲΪԼǿԳԼӵѹƵľߡ
ѾǳŮôٺᵶᰮֶΣѾ¯ˡ
ͷһתĲɫ˵ȻСҪҸ˿һߵװλҲĻǰʱƷѵģһʱһԪһ˵װԪʳ㻹Ҫ𣿡
һ˿֮⣬úЦ뿪ڣȴᰰ˵쾡ɣзȫˡ
仰úøۣ֮𶼿ѹֲסˣСεºһŮܲô
ųһӦı飬̲סдķ᲻ˤ㣡
ںУһ˿ֹ˶˵϶ûҲǵһܻ
ڿԿʼѡ𣿡һҲ˵һš
㻹װã
Цųѡƥ
Ŀ棬һƥƥɫĿżǰһ¡
⸱ģҡҡͷĿ¶֮ɫȻûУ
С㣬ߵļƥĸΪ˳ƥʺǳˡʮĸ᰽
ƥĸҰȣëɫףǳƯűСһϲ
ƥСĸΪ˳ǰʺŮʿˡ
ûʲôʾɼΪĵһƥƥܹȥ
ѡûУ᰿ų²ӣݸһЦ
ĴЦݣѺĿöסˣȻ֪ᰲΪЦġ
ҲᰵЦݣһЦѾѡˣƥ
᰺ͺͬʱǰǿȥֻһƥɫĸͷѱ߸ϡһ㣬ʡ̬ȫƥ֮ϡ
ֻȰ֧ܣȻˡ
ȷҪѡƥǹһʵ
ôʲô𣿡ƥ˲䣬ͱסˡ
ƥ·ԸΪѵĺŵһŸ޽ֱڣΪտʦûܹѱһһμģôܼԦĲм˵




165¡·˵Ư
 

ŶҵԡΪȻ˵·ûѺĵĻ
аҽҽ࣬ϵһ˲ܹ֢ҩ
Ϊˣаҽлרżһ޹ͨķţѾΪֻҪһ飬һھܹȫա
ڡаҽ䡷֮Уֻһ򵥵СŶѡ
˳ʱѾܹƥкѡ
ļ˴ԲѣЦȰ㲻Ҫӣ㲻ܼԦ·ģǳѱ·ʱֿڼҵȼˣҪϣʺˡ
СѣھͿκĿ˵
ԵʱЦˣֲҽҽζҽȫͬ򡣡
ԡ᰿ڣгԳġ
һ£ѹŲˬ˵С㣬·ֵ𣬻ҾǧҪˮƽаҽˣƣܿƥᱻϵǾԲܴӦġ
ҽ⣬ҳ϶κġĵ
ı˵һϣ˶ٲҧ˵ãǾҽһҽɡ
ͲˣҽҲܾͨҽרҵϾ˵ʱ侫޵ģҽרҵҲ֮ãҳôࡣ
ҵҽֻˣݡɫаҽ֮衣
һЦøˣѾȲĿųǰΪ׼һƥǧĴۡ
ȡ룬ߵ·ǰľܡ
ȵȣ׼ĸƥˣķ·𿴵ʲô˼顣
ҽ޷Ϊ·רһλҽΣλҽƷ·ֻҪ¾ͿԿ
ó룬ҽֶΡ
ҽںĿоƭһĴڣȷƽƭӣ֪ʲô취᰺ƭ÷
ƥһƷȷʵҪµʱȬҵͼӰЧֻҪʮӡʮƽȴžԵš
ߣʮȬ㴵ţ촵ˣû뵽Խ˵Խף޼ɵĳС㣬λҽʵ̫ˣҲܹκĲ
С˸ǵһμʩչķǳڴ
ĴʱʻѾȼյ˫Ŀ죬ҧ۵ͻȻһĨ֮ɫƺ뵽ʲôֶΡ
СӣȻ˵ֶΣҲУİ᰿϶ǱĳַԻסģȻܶԳ˳
·ϵȫ֧ܣḧһ壬˵ԣҸʩ룬ûʹܿ
ͯȤСһ㣬᰾ʮȤź֮ɫȻһЦʵڸ˵𣿡
ǵģܸͨһĻش
ۣ
̲סЦֺƭŮӵֶΣҲ̫˰ɣ
˵ô˵Լأ
ƺų˵µ߽˵ôܸｻ˵˵·˵Щʲô
˵Ǵ֪ôԦŪˡµ˵
Цӯӯô˵
ѵһƭ㲻ɣתͷĿǾĲգƮ˵ҵŮƯ࣬Ÿ޵ģŮӣûôƯ
⻹Ϲ˵ᰰ˳һۣȴǲֹĸ糺֮ɫ·Ƶġ
ѵĸо
ͷĺߵüҪסСˣûвָо
ģûƭ㣬ᰣҼŮˣȻ·ͬǴɹʶᰵգ̾
仰ϵĺԵøӽˣϼӵѩ׵񾱣ñ˺ߵģ޳˫ȴˡ
ĺĿˣǻιҲó԰
ԼķѾʿֲȴСװƣǿ벻̣޺޽е㵽׻ҽҽˣ֧ȡôƿǻصģ
㼱ʲôƲһۣ˹ȡ룬ת˲ɢ




166¡κ
 

᰿һĻʱ¶˼飬ѵǴ˵ֵָ
ֻޱȵַԲٶȣ·ȡ
С㣬ˣΪ֮ԸΪѵ·Ҫˣ˶ᰴС
Ȼ֮ǣ·ǵûбˣ˳ޱȣƺܱƵġ
Ǽ˹ˣ
ĴûôŹֵ飬̲סһ
Ҫ֪·һǰʦһڻҽԺţûг
Եȴʩ붼һĶҪɳϣǲǴĳǿҩ
Ȼ뷨ˣƥҩܻúõվţ϶̱ڵء
ʩַ죬ɽ롱ӵ쾡£·˴룬ߵᰶסˡ
˿̳УŵֶָӴʦ档
ǿþɲϾ·ֵǧҪǱҽˣԲŹ
ʮӵʱ伴ȥǡʱջ룬͸֮£·˵ļ⣬ѾѸٵ޸ţܿͻָ糣
·оȵʹȫ˷ܵХ֮
·ֱ֣ɵҲ֪Ѿκˣ
һ˫ˮĴ۾գգ·˵ٶȼֱ̫˼ˡ
֮ɫԾһſȴʲô˵
ҽʱ٢ȵҲҪ磡
·Ѿκãҿ˰ɣعǹЦ˵
ɫǺ죬˼ҧгݵ˵κ·Ҳѱ·ıԸôδģǹʦҲûãȰ㻹ǷɣˤȫѣɲҪûѣ
ʵϣеƥˣ޷ѱĻ·ֲһ裬򲻿ÿ˵ġ
ĶĹ壬ˤ˵ĻֲҪ⳥ôһʽ
˵ԡĿƽݶ
ʱ·Գ̬ȸˣͷϲ䡣
ᰶóƥѾԳˡ
ļ̣صĺһĬˣĵˤСá
Ҳѡһƥɡ΢Цſڵ
ͷɨȫһ飬һƥѩɫĸָʵƥֽʲô
ɯĮĴ
ɣᰣҾѩ׷ɫ䡣ֱ׵Ŀ޵
ʵϳĻ֮Ǻģֻûɫ˳ÿÿڣϼ˫ա
Ŀޣﺬһ˿˵ǾͰɯɣƺֻһбѩԵĵӰء
СȻʶƥ־ȡǲӰġҲûеɯһƥСֻݵѵ̫ʺϸˡ
˵껹˳һۣûʶоȻѡһƥҲ±ЩЦ
ûϵѡɯɡ᰼ֵ˵
һתͻȻˬĴӦȻϲǾɡ
˵ŷԸӴԱ·ɯǣԼѡһƥɫͺ͹Ǽܶǳߴһ߸ߣʮֽý׳
ѡ֮󣬺һӴԱȥŮңϾֲߵװ
ҪҲȥװҲûװ
ߣ㶼ûװʲôƣϿȥ·һĿ˵
üͷ΢΢һ˵þͲá
áã㱻·ˤˣҵľֲɲḺ𣡡Ŀųһ·Ц˦ͷиȥ
һȻ·ˣֻһƴƤȹһɫ㳤ѥһӢˬŮʿ
᰸սʱһȺĹʿʱһװʸǱ߷ָӢһͲ֮ģرЩ߹ĸӵܡ
Ȼֲ֪˺Ŀ϶ǶŮ⣬һʱûڨ
ʱҲװϣһʿؼλϻ֡硢ϥȵȣȫװ
֮ͦǰԼ͹һʽ˵ıС㣬ҷ




167¡
 

ĸղ֮ԴӦѡɯҪû
ɯȻûĺô׳˹˻Ǵ´ģľ͵֮ı
ʱ᰿ܣƾԼտҲܿλɽˡ
̴پȴǿһۣ΢Գ˵һ°ɡ
ںļ޵УЦߵǿһֻᰵִסһֻǡô
ɯȻ׳ϾѪͳ߹󣬲ŲһߣѾûʱ淼Ĳ΢΢һ˫ֲץס
ᰣ𣿡ʵ
еĹػ֮⣬߰ᰲɵ΢죬ɴţе㡣
иְЦ⣬ɲǼһᰵı󣬺Ц˵ɡ
Ȼһ߽ʵůϺ󱳣᰸оܹ΢΢һ˲ͷȻΡ
һĻһܻ̲סҪѳϳˡ
ᰱλãӦģ
ȴС뻳ĿŭĿ𣬼ֱҪը
㡭᰺촽ԼȻʵ
һûѧڿԽҰЦе˵
ЦһΪҵģû뵽Ҫҽ
Ůѡѧϰ󣬱ҿǸ֡ЦϷʡ
ˣһŶᰵ･Ȼ
ȫһѻЦ£ݶҧѪˣѹŭ˵С㣬ҽ㻹ǲҪһδˣ׳¹ʣˤ˿ɲ
δģϣΪ˰ȫó
᰷·ûƵģɫдһ˿˷ܵ˵õ㣬Ҫˣ
Щһֱŷ±ѹţѾȲҪһˡ
˫һţ᰼Ԧɯ֮ܵУû̫죬ٶȲ첻š
ɫĺȸں棬Ҫʲôʱˤ
ʧּʵǣǵûˤ䣬˫סᰵһӴȫˡ
Ҫ˵
ȵ𣿡ЦúƤ
ֺֺЦ˵ûܶ죬϶ˤ㣬ҲˤûҶ
ᰣڿŮѣҪǲܵĻᱻǼһ￴ġֱ׳ĵЦ
񾱸ܳϢϮԽԽˣû˵˻˵ˣСһȥ㹤ʣ
۹һ깤ʣҲֵˡһ仰ʡ
˶ĥ˵黰Ȼû壬ĿŤͻȻһ˿֮ɫŰɯƨɺݺһ¡
һرޣðɯȻʹסȷıٶȱ֮ǰ
ᰡһҲƲסһᣬҪɯ˦±
Σңưסץ֣ƿ񱼵İɯͬʱ˵ɯԡ㡣
·ħһ㣬ɯȻٷ񱼣ͣ½Ųܿɢһš
ǲ˼֮ɫ΢΢ת۾⿴űޱˡ
֮ǰ˵ܹ˵Ȼģ
ղΪڿЦġ
ĺҲĲţ֮䣬ͳ׿ס˰ɯ
ѵز¶ʦ
Ȼҡҡͷô붼òܣΪ߼Ĺ˶ǳܹġ
ߣȻûˤ㣡ĳĿڵ
᰷Цøлӱޣɯһô졣
˼ղŰɯģװһ޹ģ̯̯֣ɯҾֲƥֵ򣬱廹ôܻ˺㣬Ů˲ŸҲ±˳Ц
ȷʵܵΧһЩӵĿͶЩĸӵܣԲһȻԽС
Ǹղſɯ񣬻ΪǸƷŮסġ
Щĵ񣬳ͨͨӣЦЦĿź˵Ȼ˵Ҳһ




168¡һ
 

ʲôҪķ·ʲôЦ顣
ô㲻𣿡
ҲңĴЦг԰ͲмŸ޲μӹʮҵζܽǿд»ǰƣȷҪҺͱȣ
û·ԲԶĻ쿥֡
·ȻͨƵĳųСܶĿǶЩˡ
Ŀ˸£Ȼκ·˳Ҳ֮ǰɵʵοǺҵȿǸһμӹ£ŸǱߣǰĴڣ
ΣĻ·ɹ̫ͷӡ
ѹֲסЦãȻȡ裬Ҿͳȫ㣡֮ǰҪȸԼ
ʲôԼɫȻΪ⡣
ô˳·ܣˣҪ⳥һǧƥշѣıһ֡
û⡣ʩʩȻӦ
ļӦôɣЦⲻ𣡳Ҫ
֪Ǽжûʲôá
ڴʱֻϢһ⳥һǧתϢ
ֻĻٵǰһȻһǧϢĵʱɲû뵽СӻмǮ
Ȼһǧ˵ʲôֻԵ͹ˡ
һļ˵һǧֻΪ˸·ϱգ˲ҪһǧңҪԶ뿪СߣԶٺ棡
˵꣬¶һĨյЦݣĿġ
üһģȨǷ뿪ң
С㣬Ȼδͳ߶飬ҾйƽȨⳡľΪ޳ܣЦʮ٣ֿעҲҽӣ
кβңһЦ
ܺáܺãе֮ⳡ£Ӯˣ
ߵߣе㵣ǵ˵а𣿡
һһλӽרҵ֣һǵһĳȻַ֪ǷϾǱ䡣
ҡһЦֶԺ˵ǻû˵ĻҪʲô
һ䣿ЦĹĵɴ۾š
Ŀƽǰ˹ھҲӮҡ
˿Ļ̲סЦãȻôţҪܹӮҵĻҾͰѼֵǧ·͸㣡
Ŷ˼ֵֻǧ򣿡ǹϷһ㡣
һϣǺЦС㣬Ҳ˼
֪ڷԼԵȣ뵽ԼҲܿҧҧ˵һˣҾͰͬƥһ͸㣡
Ϊ˵õᰣĲϧֻΪ˷ģҪ᰿ĳ⡣
ǾͿʼɡҲе⣬ľȻôģȻǱԵߵһˡ
Ϊ˷ֹˣĻרŽ¶Լͬǩ֮󣬲ſʼ׼
˵ĶĶҲп˵ΧۣעȻ漰ֵڵֲʱһڸӵܶˡ
ѾʿʲڣҲһ˶ġ
ĵĶǸղűӵĳʱ׺Ϊʲôôˡ
Ϊ䲻ˡ
ֲģʶ˺ģ֪տȹˣûһӮ
ֻǸëͷСӣûдߣ֪ôͷࡣ
ѡõԸΪѵ·ƥҲѱ˵Ŀ˶֪жҰСȥˤŹˡ
˷ֱϸԵһ˷ܵĿǣ뿴ⳡı׻жೡ
֮ǰһ䵱ʱеһеĳɵҡҡͷûϰˣ˲֪ߵغġ
ͣ˿ֻһųܹʤ
λŮΪǸСӼͣһĽʣǺ޲ó
һ£ʼ
һﵱȡǰȥ֮һܳ
ֹܲһμȵٶȣ˻Ϊ֮̾ƥйھѪͳ
ٿȻϾ·ϣһ㶼ûʹ㱼ܵ˼
ڣ
̲סЦСӲ֮ɣ




169¡һ˲ǧ
 

ôܣе㽹
ϾǺͺǩ˶ԼͬģһǽԶܼ档
˵޷ܡ
üŰסɫݣĸ·ϵë
ĻܹܵһǧףȻҪúľŰף˾ɵһ
˵öףһ룬߶صĲࡣ
һǧ׵ܵһҾ꣬Ļܽһ֮ڣҵѾǷǳõĳɼ
һӵʱǳݣȺܿܵİ׾ͿԵյ㡣
һŷѸ³ȥѵĲںôҪĶԼ
ĿųԭһЦ춼ֿˣԭСĲ
ղܿƷİɯԭֻöѡ
ںļܵյ㡢໹һ׵ʱ򣬳ڶˣ
·ʵȴע
·˲Ѫڣֻо֪ǿ˶ٱĸ֮ɢ
ǳ£
·ϣһ£·ͬһ˳ȥ
ٶ֮죬˵۾ҪӰ
·磬һƼһ㡣

ĿɿڴŵĿе·мԦǸˡ
Ԧ·ٶ֮죬
յǰĺģȻоһɼǿһʱ֮侹Ȼõͷ
ҧ⣬ҲҪȳ嵽յãȻһ̣ǵѾԣյͣ
ĵɴ۾˼Ŀ֮Уֳ·Ӱ
ܣ𾪵ôгһϵ䵽ϡ
ǰ⸱ڰռ
ųЦЦı飬ľȹҪ£
һģпˣǾȻһƥȻܹһ˲֮䣬һǧ׵
ٶȷŵȫκζϣǹھõ
ں촽һδı֡
ģˡһ߸·һ˵
ⲻġⲻġŵˡ
ǵûеõᰵķģһֵڵֻ֮࣬оͷڵѪ
ӿĺڣԼΪʲôҪͳǩ¶Լͬ˵ĻᶼûС
ллһھͿԽˡһһ䣬·ںĵͷ⡣
ܹģմ˼֮󣬲ڻعҧгݵ˵㡢ף
ôĿ֮£ҪôǿǩͬġݣѰһ˿
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ȷųȷʵ֮ᣬΨһӮĿԾ·һƥӵһ˲ǧٶȡ
뵽ԴҪˣ·٣ʧȥ
ղѾӦĻҪͬƥһȥںͬװдŵġ
ǰһΣ֫ǼסԻᱻû
ʱҲ˹ЦɽѩԳ˵ϲˣһ
ǺǣԺ㾭·Ц˵
ҿûôʱ䡣Цһ䣬ȴһ˿ϲ
ЦЦֿ˵ҾͲǿһ֮ڽˣڰн㶨
ʲôһһ䲻𣡡ĺ޺˵ȻڵѪǰҪڳںӡ
ĸղʧǵģѾȫˡ
ǻȥɡ᰿ڣٿҲûκ塣
ͷ᰾Ҫȥװͳһͬȥ
С㣬һȣæס֮ǰӦңҪһβģ
ԲģüһȻӦ㣬ǲʱ䡣
ֻҪһСʱСʱ͹ˣļûоܾһϲ۵׸һ˿֮ɫ
з̵ĵƣֻҪСʱܹ׵õ߰޵ĴŮ
ԥһ£ͷӦ
ȽŮһԼ·Ȼͳźֲһҡ
ҽƲʱΧ۴ţȥһ¡ֱ׳Ҫ




170¡ǹ
 

ĿΣϣ
֪֮䣬ѾԳǳ̵
ɫ˵õģҾȡ
˵յ߳䣬˳ֹš
ӵ͸ۣһǽ֮Ķʲôģ̳ȥֹ
᰿һʵϣһһЩصͨ
Щ⣬ᰵҲûʲô쳣µ˽ĵط˱ڻشˡ
ʱһһĹȥʮ֮󣬴¶ȡһʮּᰵǰ˵С㣬ǽĲ飬иε̽֡
ǰ⣬Ŀﵽ·һ㣬ϣֻо˯
ʱǰȻһʮּܣһһĻţϺǵĻ˫۽
ϣͳʮּܵʱ򣬾͸ое㲻ԾҪȥͻȻʮԱ˸лкü׸ߵС
ʮ˵ʽһʱԳ˲׵ļ
ڵкһɢϢʮԭɷĴ˲ƶ߰˷֡
ۿʮҪûڳϣ˫֣ǰ˸ԲȦ
ԲȦմ֮꣬ڷ·һУʮֻоԼչֱҲҲȥ屻һξǣţȻתݺ˦˳ȥ
ʮеˤǽϣеˤϣеֱӷɽȫˤ߻أ屻ղŵξ֪ѶټǣʹһƬ
ѾĴߵ˯״̬ͻȻһ죬űһ߿ֱӷɵǽϡ
ؼʱ̱˴ϣһ־ŭĿſڣֻվš
ôģЩأľɲʵ
һȺӣܵסң
ʮ𺧲ѣû뵽һȻ书֣
һ˿ɫͻȻͳһֻǹᰵԴϣݺݵ˵ӹ£˫ַԺ󣬷Ҿɱ
һֻǹסԴᰴӴ״̬Ȼѹ
ô֮󣬶ʱûʧɫѿڶң
С㣬С书ٸߣܿùҵǹ𣿡ĺٺЦҲɱõ壬췹ĸĸ϶ͬǳɻģ
˵̰֮һᰰ͹µĽ̲ס촽
û뵽ĻͻȻ֮ɥĲ񣬼ֱһ¹ޣ
ǺĵĻȷʵвԣ뵽˵ĺһŷĽסۿ֪
ô㻹ҹ£ֳɺϾվţ˻е
ҪѸղ裬ٱ
Ͷ䣬ƺûĵĻһ㣬˵㿪ǹɡ
ʲôΪԼȻҪ󣬼ֱѰ·
ɭɭһЦǹڶ׼ȻòͷҾɱ㣡
ڹʱͨǹеҲﵽˮ׼˽ľ룬аһǹ䱬Դ
İǹڶ׼ͷŵֹסæе㿪
Ȼ֪ǿ֮ǰβӵͷϾĵط֮һӵеĻһǹ
ǹڣһƵᣬ·õǹЦԣͳҵſ
ߣȻˣҾµȥɣиֲ֮ɫݺݰ°
飡
һ762mmھӵѸޱȵĳų
ʯ֮ʣȴǲ㲻ܣһ
֮з·һɼǿӵӲƫ֮ϣڰлƯš
һĻͺħʦ帡ħһ㣬ֻħʦõֽơӲҡС
ӲģһŸٳ״̬ӵԼ֮ϡ
һֶΣ𾪵úЩǹղסˣȫŵ̲סһֽУ
Ҳǲ˼飬ʱһŵħʦڱݸħ˵ĳΪһڡ
𾪹Ŀһеĳųǹ
ӵ
΢΢һЦϸӵ£ָס黨źӵյָȥ




171¡
 

һײ֮ӵ촷һ㣬ӵһһ飡
ӵȥƲֱӴںĵǹ֮ϡ
һǹ׾ٵĻ飬һѷ
ӵƫеǹ֮Уʹɫ䣬ҽг
ֶΣ᰾֮ޱȵվɲܵǰס
ʱᰵɫǼǺ£ղıŻˣ
ֻû뵽棬һγɾŤתվ档
İŲѪƣһ֣ųݶ
㡢㵽ǹ
һֻס֫Ľ˵ҵȻˣֻǲˣ
Ļ֫˿ֻߣȴζӡ
ᰱסһ糺Ĵ뿪ʵô
ͼı죬Ȼ׷Ź˵ţɱȥ
𡢱ɱң
ѹŵɫɷף亹ֱҲվסų
Ҳɱ㡣
ЦʮаƵ֣ҪѺ
ĿųЦݣʹȥơ
ס֣ľ͸оԼһѵҪԼһ
ûȺİңͻȻдǧٱ

һҽУ֣˦ȥ
ţһɾıˤڵذϡ
⻹û꣬ظŵ˦͵ĶѺ˦һһ顣
ֱǧٱ飡
ȳɿʱһϢſڵذϣٲȻһȫͷ֪˦˶ٸĳǡ
ûɱֻ°뱲ӳ˷һ
־Թ޵ˮӺȻ˴Ͽ֪Լˣ
ᰣ߰ɡûٿϵĺһۣסᰵ߳ҡ
ֱᰲŻعе㵣ǵʵҪҪ
Ƭ֮󣬵˵ͷ
࣬ȥҲãȫзϵ̬ȥˡ
ֲ֣ͬȾ갸֮нվС

ҧгݣޱȵ˦һԵֻ
õֻ󣬺Ĳͨһ룬ȻעţӰйӶ˾
г֮ȼգһ񶾵ĸƻѾγɡ
ᰵˣԼȫҪ

֮󣬻Ѿû˺ĵӰ
᰿صҵıۺͷ赾ѾŮ
֮󣬷ᰴ˾ȻǺġǳ˶һ졣
ǱΪڼĺֲ֮󣬻֪Ѷˡ
֮ľͻӦǵŮؼңú̸һŮĲ飬¡
⸱ۺͷ赾뵽ŮǲǸûȥġ
᰽۱̲סʵᰣҽأ
Ǹ¹ޣӦñץˣ
һˣ۷һ
ô£赾ǵʵ
һ緢ɵ˵˳ۺͷ赾ɫһٱ䡣
ŮĻֻû뵽ʱȴôݶ
뵽ͰŮͣжʱûڲѡ
Ů˵ǳȳۺͷ赾ų񶼱ˣ˸мͲ˼顣
ٺãҲͨͨСӣȻǸز¶ָ֣
ΣǵŮһۺͷ赾֮ǰԳĳɼҲʧӰ٣϶ǸȻ˵ʵ̫лˣڣĲ롣
赾ᰣʮֺ¡
ֻ΢΢һЦһ費ģ
̬۷ָ˼֡
֡裬ʵ֮ǰѾȹˡ˵ţֽɱ쳵Լϼűƹ¼
һۺͷ赾ɵú󱳱亹ʪ
Ƕû뵽Ů֮ǰȻյ¹ʡ
ᰣ֮ǰôûǣ赾ػޱȵʵ
˵ǵġ
ɵӣǿ׵ˣô£Ǻ޲ðеۿЦԼ׵̫ˡ
赾Ҳ۵ĸŮ㷢˵ŮҪ֮ǰ֪Ϊ㸶ô࣬ǾԲȥǸĵġ




172¡
 

ĸ׵Ļ̲ס͵͵˳һۡ
ƽʱɢɢļһѾȹˣ
ңûȡκλر
ͻȻãԼѾǷࡣ
˶ʮģʱֹһ뷨ܹиˡ
뵽һŷˣȾһƬϼ
ŮϼţǶ֪ôˣＤм֮顣
赾ȻһЦ۸磬ֻаѱܱĶ顣
衭ýޣû뵽ĸ׾Ȼᵱͳ棬˵Ļ
赾Ůߵģ΢Ц˵ᰣ㲻Ը𣿡
ҡҿʲôû˵ᰴ˿ߵСŮҲû֮ǰɽܲõơ
ۺǺЦᰣʮ꣬Ҳʱˣ˼򲻿ɴʧˣ
赾˵ҪŮʱеȻˣͻȻôһʣ˼Żشҽʮꡣ
СŮ꣬ŮשǴԵ۶Цúϲ£ˡ
ͬΪᰵĸĸԳļҾ޳ɼֻҪƷû⣬Ůãۺͷ赾ˡ
ᰶ˵ɫһ죬ڷת֮죬˴ֲ
赾˶̲סݸЦǽ¶꣬ʤȴ˼ҿ⼸ѻˣҪڴ֮ǰ˽һ׮¡
³׵ľˣû̸һ¾Ĳ裬չٶȼֱȻGDP죡
赾ܺá۶ӵĻȴʮͬ
ǳڹΣ֤Ļ˶ΪĽϰеڷˣŮܹɻ飬һдӼ򣬷˳Ӧǵ⡣
ͨ죬̲סڵ֡裬Խ˵ԽˣҺͳû̸ء
̸ҲǿԵ赾Цӯӯһһ侪ˡ
оԼסˣᰵĸĸ˼Ҳ̫ˣֱŹͷ
֪Ůһʱ֮仹û飬˿΢Ц˵᰺ߣ˵ɣԸԸΪҵŮ
ҡڨڨһЦԺȴĸһٻӰ֮ȥ
ۼԥΪ֣Ц˵㲻˵Ҿ͵Ĭˡ
ȵȡɫͻȻ壬̣Ҫȿһ¡
⻰һһҡͬڳæ˵̣һ
Ȼܾˣ
ᰵĵӹһ˿ʧ䣬ѵòó
ȻʮǿأᰶԼҲʮ԰
ԼκŮˡ
ǳȷȷʵʵûдӦᰴ˿̺֪ôġ
ۺͷ赾Ҳ룬Żع۲ʵѵŮ㣬䲻𣿡
Ҳ˼æӦ
赾һתҲʵǾѾŮˣ
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ۺͷ赾׵ɻˡ
Ҳ벻ԭܾȢŮ
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ۺͷ赾һſǵϾũĺӣ˼ǿţҪ̺Ůɻ飬ȷʵЩΪˡ
Ƿȱˡ赾˵Ȼ˵ֻҪܹõҸǾٵһҲûʲô
лл尢̡һ
Ŀ˳һۣû˵Щʲô
ᰣʱǾͺú飬ϣٴιʱܿԸԳĽﰵʾ
仰ֻЦЦûбʾ
촽ţѵԼҪͳ̸ô
Ҫӣʮ󵨵ĳԡ
ҡҡͷ˼ɢȥ᰼Ѿվ׼ǡ
ۺͷ赾æԸɡ
лл尢̣һ£ܱǸе˵
ʵû£ֻɫ磬ҪǵȵʱδеΡ
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Ȱһڻֻð˳赾Ůͳȥ
ĸ̻ص᰿ųҪڣȴֹΪеŮǿˣѵ¶ԥ̬




173¡Խ
 

ᰣ㲻ˣԼȥСЦ
㻹֡
㲻к˳𣿡Це˵
ᰰһۣ΢ڹ˾ɲƺҡ
˼ȻĬԼƽʱֱˡ
ⲻò˵һ޴ת䡣
оԼһһĽ⿪ᰵĽᣬķǳгɾ͸С
õģҾˣᰡЦģԽԽˡ
ۼҪȥҧº촽סĸ첲˵ʵ֮ǰ˵ûȷʵԼ˵Ľᡣ
仰һ¡
оᰵתе̫ˣô߰ȻԼĽᣬڼ֮ǰǾܵ顣
ᰣͶˣ̬Ļ˵һʱ䣬ĺ֢Ϳǰʽ˵
ҵĺ֢̬й𣿡
ȻЦЦ渵ŮĺͻΪں̲ƷΪʲô̬ʱҲϻ𣬶ϢϢصģܼ򵥵ĵ
ҶˡףϽһĨ̺֮ɫ
ӣʵôˣʲôҪ˵

ţ
Ϊ˾⿪Ľᣬ볢š㡭һһ˵꣬ԽԽᣬϵ̺ҲԽԽͷ͵ֻԼĽơ
׵Ĵסˡ

ܳѾǿ󵽱ͨٱһĻɣԼǲˡ
һ̣оԼĺ˼֡
þûлشһŷͬС¹̲ͨͨס̧ͷӡ
㲻Ը⣿
ҡ֪ôش
ҧʵǲΪǸзhСŮ
ղʱѰ˼ųܾԭ򣬺ܿ뵽ͷhʢƵͣӵһĻ
ԣϲһ˿Ц
֪Լˡ
ȻŲһѡƽᰵǼᶨ֮ɫ
ǿƣһ¶ĳ£һҪɹ
ȻԼѾ˿ڣôԺʲôѣҲһ
ᰵ·ʽĸʷһƬհס
ƽĸ֣ȻʧЦˣԳһˣڸϻûһŮӹ
Ϣ֮󣬳عƽ΢Ц˵ᰣллҵ⣬ҲˣһµĿʼ
ӦԼٻڹȥʧܵӰ֮ˡ
Ļйҫϲ쳣ȴֻȻһЦ˵˵ˣֻǳԣʽ
е㱻ˣȻйθ龭һʱ֮仹ûᰵĻ
㻹̸׳Խʽôᰴ˿̷ḻĽ
ʱЦãҴеˣĶôգÿǵܲá
ߣ⻹ôȲܳųԽ׶Σʽѵռұˡᰰ˵
ĿЦĹʵܳԾˣһҲУĸ˶ﻵ
ӣȻ˵Ȼ
ҵʵϰŮѣʲôҪأ̬ƽҲʼ
ʵϰŮʣ̲סһЦ漴װɫʱûãȻȥҽú롣
ðɣټĿ᰾ӣֱߺ죬߳С
֪ڳˣȻҪԼͣҲȥǿ˸Ŀͳȥ

ص庣һűڻζŸղᰵĶԻɾš
ҪɳϣֻͻȻ
ô죿
ĻʾϢЦһͨ绰
ιڷӵ绰𣿡һŴ˹
ϤˣĳˡǷh
ʱ죬г쳣æµķh͸˵绰
ҷ㣬˵ɡƽȣκ
绰ͷhС˵캣ѧиǩۻᣬ֪ϴѧҲӦסɣ뵽ʱѧУҸط̸̸
ãû⡣һڴӦ֮ǰŵġ
Ӧôˬ죬hһҲˬϲ˵Ǿ˵ˡ
š
Ҷϵ绰ɳϣ˫Ŀ컨壬ԳЦʱ˶ˣ




174¡ҩ
 

һ󣬳Ҫ֣ˣ֣Ʊ鲼ȫܵơ
룬ҿ֮ǰ͹ҩģѾʣ޼ƳһԪ
ٺ֣һȥɡһͲ鷳ˡ
ڶ죬ϼŴã֣Ѿվڴſڵɫен
ˡһֵܣ֣¶ϲɫгڣͲˡ
ȻЩ֣ͳʶ֣ߣȫʵʵվ˻ȥ
˵ͷ֣ȥҩġ
ҩģǲȥ𣿡֣һ㶡
Ц˵ҩβ
ˣһʱ̾κõģֵҽκҵôҲü°ɣ֣һЦ
ļңһ֮ڣȬ
ģ֣ʱΪȳһֱӣһ֮ڰκãǾһ
߰ɣ֪ˡ
֣˾ͣһ˾ȥҩ̡
˾һᳵ·ܿˣһΪŲõҩĵꡣ
Ȼҽû䣬ҩĵشҵҩ˻ǲٵģʮ˿ͽ
̨֣ǰһеԱæкλҪʲôҩ
Ҫ֥˲Ρɽѩһʮҩģÿҩĸã˲Ҫϡ
еԱԣɫһ䣬Щϡҩƽʱǰģһλ˾ȻһҪãǸǵһֵĴ⡣
ҵתȥϰ˵ˡ
ǵϰԼʮ꣬΢֣һЦеģ˵Աı棬ǰЦʵλ˵ЩϡҩģǵС
ǾͺãȫøҰɡ
ϰڨЦ˵˲Ҫϣڰ˲Ѿˣҩĵ캣һģҲֻһ˲ζѣ඼Сʮģ´ﲻҪ󡣡
Ƭ̣ڵûϵһҲС
ЩҩһԪ֣βӣ֮༸ݣҪԱʱ֮衣
Ǻã˸ȡҩϰ̵˵ⵥֵˡ
ȵԱҩȫãϰ嵥ݸЦе˵ٰܹʮллݹˡ
ٰʮ򣿡֣֣һ°۾ֱˡ
ӹ嵥һֻ˲ξռ˴ͷ۸һʮʮݵ˲κҲмʮ
ϴҪЩҩģֵǧˣΪһ˲ٷ
ٰʮڵĳ˵Ҳʲôֱóпϰˡ
ôҩβֵãҪ˰ɣļ۸֣ˡ
Ц˵κˣʲô
֣һЩжᶼҪм˵ֵܣлл㣡
Ҫ˵ʱ߽һˡ
߰˸װ󺺣ӵһװ̨ǰ߿ھʣϰ壬ûаݵ˲Σ
ǵϰԷͷСʵҲǰ˲ΣʱһЦ˼˲αֻһ꣬ձλȥˡ
˳ĻĿϬĿ˵˲ζǮҳ˫ļ۸չ
һڻؾ˳ûѾˢõп
װʱüͷһСӣ٣һҵ֣˲øҰɣ˷ѣ
֣ϰ廹дɫˡ
Ȼƶʡҩʦϣ
ϿƳǿ塢ٵĴҩÿƳһ֣ƶʡĸض฻󹺣Ӧ󣡡
ǰϵĲҩ̫ˣϼƵĳ࣬ԶԶ֮ȣ
һСС캣Уôʶĵͷ¶һ˿ԵõЦݡ
ΪҪѰ˲ιʱȴǵ˵Ҳʶ㣬˲Ҳ˷һһ
㣡üͷ壬û뵽һëͷСӾȻҾܾ
߰˸װ󺺼Ϸŭȫѹʮ㡣
˼⸱СҪùˣȻҵϡ
ҿ㻹ǰѰ˲øϰɣ꼸ʮݵҲˡϰҲȰһ顣
Цһ˲ΣȵȵãֲûǮƾʲôøˣ
ߣСӲ֪ôٳ˵֪˲Σô




175¡
 

ͷķϻҩľҪȥ
߰˸װ󺺵ʱѳ֣Χס
Сӣ˲ΣҪ쵤ʱŵ캣гۣ츣Ĺ£һСҪʶ壬ٸһλᣡ
Ҫ캣ƵĲƷǾζҪϼŵĳྺгˡ
뵽ϱƶʡʵۺϳƸΪϯҩרҵĴţ˲²캣пܾϳŴҩгĵһ
ϼſɾǿˡ
ϳʵǿᣬҵ鲼ƶʡϼֻ캣ͷҵԶܸϳȵġ
˵츣ѵƳʲô쵤ѷųȥ𣿡Ȼ˵
һ˫ĿŭȻܣ쵤ߵ֮û¡ģȻòҵĴ󲹵
ǺǣѸ˲еݳƷ˵ôߴϣˡˣ֣תҪ뿪
ټС˹ִԼϳűʹһɫС뿪
߰˸װ󺺿ɫҪץס
Ȼǻûͱһξɣˤ䣬ûһ
ȫ˲Ŀɿڴ
ָ֣ɫĿų
ͳߣûôֵġ
ɫ֮˵ҪΪ书;Լ˲Ҫǲó˲εĻϳžԻԲ˶ߣ
Ǿưɡ˵꣬к֣߳Ųҩꡣ
Ŀųȥһ书ǰûĸΪԼ޵еģ󶼻úܲҡ

صϼŴãû̸֣ʲôְλǴһСϢҡ
һҩķŵϣֱȡһ֡
Ǹɶ֣һͷˮ
ܹκƵĵҩ
֣Դ㻹ƵҩⲻЩʲôʿƭ˵𣿡
ƭˣҿɲᡣЦЦɫ֣⼸ҺһһЩ˼飬˵ڵҺǰȫͬˣϣԺҵֶΣҪ⡣
֣˵ô࣬Ҳ֣صĵ˵ͷһĻ֣̲סɴ۾
ʮҩķŵϣЩҩѸٱһŴɫĻ֣Ϊһ塣
ֱ֣˵ˣԼֵѵϾȻ档
ʮӣеҩѾΪһźɫҩɫҲ֮ʧ
һֻòʮӾƺԪǰҪʮӣƿصԽԽˡ
֣ȥԪݵ֣ǰ
ѵɵ𣿡
ȻʧЦȥ֪ˡ
á֣ԥľͰԪȥʱһȫϵ˺һ֮С
æҿ·һֻϵ˿ȫۿɼٶѸϣ
֣ȫסˣ˲˼飬ȻϷ
ԪҩЧӣһ㶼⣬֣ȻˣȴΡôأǱϾǱʦ˵ġ
̶̼֮ڣ֣˾ͼȫϣ˱ȳš
ⵤҩ̫ˣȫʶĻҪΪˣ֣˵
΢Цȱ𼤶ɣҪʩչ
㻹á֣˳ӵ£ڳʹֶΣˡ
뵽ԼĲмҲκã黹Ǽ֡
ȡ룬ת߸֣֮ϡ
֣ŽǾַϣԪ޲ĻҪһʱ䣻ֱĶԪͼӰЧ
ۼ䣬ַ棬֣ۻңɴ۾ڴĽ
ʱһһȥճȡȫ룬ƽĿڵ֣
á
֣ż飬վ߶
Ÿ̤һϾӿֿϲɫѿڶҵȺˣҵȺˣ
˵˷ܵıסȫĲѣòŷſŵлл㣬ˡ
֣һֱӲӣƲԼɫҲΪԼֵȬˡ
һϢҵɳ£һʣҩģһ߿ʵѾʶҵֶΣڿԸң˭𣿡
֣ԣʹ֮ɫֳָ飬һجΰĻԺл֡




176¡
 

ʮ֮ǰҽӵһҪ񣬴Сӵֱֵǻһû뵽սǻı߾һ֯ܵĹӶŶӽɱԶλжԤıġ
ЩӶһңʮҹʶӶ˾ɣлǡ񡢼ӰСӰȵȡ󲿷ףҶڲĹӶϿ
ʵǿĺЯȽǱ˸ֲһսӲǵİΧȦֵһɱ
ΪӳΪ񣬶ԲСӵֵǣûΪǱ𣬶Ƕһ˴Ǽߡ
֣˵ͣھ֮ɫ
ļ򣬰ֱһ㡣
ҡû񡭡֣촽ˮɫʹ
ʮһֱڲϵ
ɻʵ㲻ӳôû񣿡
ھͲǻȥӸˡ֣ɬޱȵ˵ʱӵһȫĵط󣬾ͻԹȥ֮󣬷ϵǼˣ
˭ˣ
֣ʹҡҡͷ֪ӦòǻӶҿ϶
˵ôãǻ͵ĵʲôʵ
֣ٴҡͷһɫĺӣ֪ʲôƳɣģǲʵҿǺںҲ֪δ򿪣ûκη϶֡
ʧܣֱӻ캣𣿡
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178¡ȻȻ
 

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179¡˻
 

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180¡չɹ
 

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182¡Ϸ
 

ۺͷ赾ʱŵɫҰףҲҪɱǣ
С㣬ѾӦҪԴϻɴˣ֪ʲôĵԽԽ䣬ȵЩͷˡ
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184¡ᶯ
 

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شҽͼһ̲ҩƲҲѰҽͨаҽзģҩЧ϶Ҫз쵤Ҫǿöࡣ
һشƷҲܼ򵥣ҪԶֻ֣ͨҪ裬ԽƳ
˵ʵۺϼţش׾١
ڷʲôƳε˲һӣе㲻ͷʵ
˿Ϊ쵤أϳſɲʲôС˾ռ캣вƷгֻǶϼŷսĵһ
عҲ˵ȡ칫ϵֽʣˢˢˢдһв֡
дǻشƲϺƲ衣
д֮󣬳ֽƵƳǰг˵ͰķȥзƷɡ
شƳοųĲ飬òײϳдҩ֡
û
⣬ıҩʦٵ쵤𣿡ƳεɫŽɡ




188¡
 

һЦû
ðɣҾµҩ˾ʱҪǲеĻҿҪƳü΢в˵
ģȴЩڴ뿴дĻشǲô档
Ͼ֮ǰ棬ʵ̫ˣƳѾȲʼҩ˾ĵ绰
ڣҩ˾ܾ껣ǻһλ¾
Ƴδ绰СӸӦȥˡ
߳칫ңص֮ǰλȥоԼþöûͻ졣
ʵϰΣͬʱͶȥ羴Ŀ⡣
˵ѧûҵϼź绽ǶԳͶˡ
ɹһ죬°ʱ̣Ҫͻһȥ캣ѧ
ȥ֣ǵİ׼ô
ͻɡٻһصϤ캣ѧУ԰ĴѧഺϢԼѾкһʱûˡ
߹У԰ϣһȺϵѧںд
ǵдһֻֻѩ졣
һŮѧһͷ˳гڼϣббеĸպôƤϻĽëգţˮ۾·Ц⡣
һOLDSFSTƵİɫȹûκεΣȴ˿ûиоƽ
רעŮǰһȻطѩ
ڲ֪ԭطѩϵѧ
ɺٻҲ캣УǶ֪طѩϵ
һЦ¶ЦݵȥУɣˡ
˵ŻûȳӦɾٻ߿ˡ
һЦⲽطѩࡣ
طѩֱҪһֲʱʵʱתգŷֳĵ
и־ϲ֮ɫȻһЦôˣ
°ˣѧУ䡣һЦ
˵̸һע⡣
طѩ캣ѧУȻҲϵϵ
ǼдطѩҲҫ۵ĴڣһһһעĿ
رϵǣʱʱ͵طѩһۣ͵͵ſˮĽ
캣ѧͶϵȱǮǸȻŮ񼶵طѩɲױﰮĽ֮顣
ȻҲطѩ̸ԭǿ˵طѩϴѧܾϰٸ߸˧׷
ڣ˷طѩȻںһͨͨ˵ǰԲ졣
иǳ⣬ΪǵС
ܵΧĿ⣬Ϊ⣬طѩĻ壬΢Ц˵úܺÿ
ллطѩɫϲһ
ʱԱһһǲŸոտʼдطѩҲŻһأͿúãҲûôݵġ
ǰȥԼôɡһ͵
ЦЦ˵ѩʻúܺãѵҲУ
У
һ׷׷һֱУ֣ͬ
һ벻ںģطѩ
ǲ֪Ϊʲôģûʲô񣬲̫ûǵɡطѩ̾һ
һ˵Ҳˣϵֻǻζûƽˣ
ȥһ£һָ˧ڵ˵ߵʰһСʯͷȥ
Щֻһ³򣬾ͶСʯͷԾˮ
Ǵס̾һȺİʯͷܸɵó¡
˵ʲôǸתͷŭӳһû˵أ
ϵУ׷طѩģ˶Գĵ⣬Ҳ
ʯͷ죬ҿ󡡣ЦЦ˵
һЩŮ仰̲סЦطѩҲݸһЦ
ôʱ߳ŭ߹˵ʯͷ죬ʲô£д
վԭأӵĺϾ
ӣþҪ쭣طѩڵҵĺѣ㡣
зطѩĻӲסŭ𣬲ĶԳӲˬˡ
ΪطѩȻ˵һĺѡ
ѩϣ쾫𣿡Ц˵
طѩĵǰѵа취
Цߵ߼һҶС֦
˾ĿУƬҡС֦ͬʱƮɵ
ĶǣȻʼ裡
˶ʱĿɿڴ




189¡ʩЧ
 

طѩ˼Ŀųôģ
ҲţǻǵһοǾȻܹһ˵ָӶ衣
ǶҪΪŵǸС֦ǲħˡ
þɲС̫аţ
ˣطѩܿУִʣڻϹճһֻֻĻ
֮󣬱ع߻طѩߣζĿ
˿طѩȫעһһͼ
úãԵ̾
û뵽طѩڻϵôߣͼк·졣
лл㣬Ҿ޴±ˡطѩԳȻЦ㵽ôģ
Ҹ˵뿴裬ǾˡĻ̶⡣
طѩӣЦôܸ˵
ţѧϰһ¼ܣԸｻЦеģ˷ֲ廰Ǽ١
طѩЦô˵Щ˹Եĸ߲ԡ
Ҳô˵ͷǳͬ
̸Ц䣬Աȴһصĺ
ʹɣãˣײ϶ѣһԣ˵
֮󣬾ҲѰֻСöѣ˵ǰ涪ʯӼԵĹ͡
ҪųܺͶｻ򲻿ܵġ
΢ҪҲԣȥ裿
ʱϵȺûгָѾͣ
Ծԣ˭˭ݺݵĵͲˣԼô˵ҲСӲ
ţҲѧļһС֦ߵߣѧųղŵƣָ
ȻС֦Ҳȫ޶ԣûע⵽Ĵڡ
ģµ˳ƣָ֪ӵöģղſз
Ǿþò裬ʱɫǺ죬ǶʩЧ򭣬ˣ
ǿ߳ܣװûһ߻Լλ£װģĻȴҲȥһۡ
ŮǷ͵Цȴ÷޲Ҹضȥ͵ص۾ɨһȦЦͣ
ȴ޼ɵЦȫӷǼҪɱ˵Ŀ⡣
طѩҲϹЦ⣬ɬĵϵѡʮѧǰ׳вμһѧѾǰѡϣʱпյĻһȥ𣿡
пյĻ϶ȥطѩڴĿ⣬ôҲľܾ
̫ˣлл㡣طѩӦһ˫ﲨת
һԵķϢҧгݣҲǱѡȥμһˡ
ò׻úطѩ׽Ļᣬɲ뱻ͻȻðСӽˡ
ѩҪȥһѣˡ΢Ц
طѩ˵ͷĿͳȥޱڴĵ
һݣһţ׳ƺϴŋˮ󶷷ģǸнĵ̡
ݺ󣬷Ѿ๤Աæµţǩۻ᳡
֣ںһλOLװŮ˽̸
˹ȥ֣æк
΢֪ԭOLװŮ˽жޱǷhľˣhû
֣׼ôˣʵ
õòˡ֣ЦŻش𣬡ڣḻȻĲ֪ô
ҲЦ˵һݵİʲôԺ֣˾ˡ
ȻֻһݣҪǵīhС㣬ϣǲܵġޱѵ
æ˵Ȼİɡ
θǷhǳɹֻۣҪ˳ɣ𰲱˾ͿԴ׬һˡ
֣ȥ߰ɡ֣æһ죬У԰䡣
֣ͷͳһ߳ݡ
Уţ֣캣ѧĽ羰Ĵѧп˵ϴѧðϧѡ˵鲻˴ѧˡ
ĻҲٰЦ˵
óûϴѧ֣ź
ֲܹСӣ˶ӳɱȴ󲿷ִѧǿˡ
֣һ㶣ڨЦҶѧϰҲû˼ѧˣѡ񵱱·Ҳڡ
˵ûһ仰Լѡ·ҲҪ𣿡˵ţ֣һЦ
ڴʱԼʮԶУϣ߹һ𷢱ۡĸ׳С




190¡
 

·ֱײǰе·Ĵѧȵһȥˡ
ЩȿĴѧУǿ׳ţʱһƢҲûУжԶԶ
֣Ҳܿע⵽УеͿжϳĿǳ
֣еӣȴͫŭʹࡢӿͷ
ǲɱСӵĹӶ֮һӰй˾Ŀᣡ֣ս˫ȭҧÿ졣
ŶҲЩ졣
ӰйӶ˾Ȼôҵˣ
𷢿ߵǰʵǳ
ûҡֱӿ۾η塣
֣ȴҲͲסȭȥҪȥֵǱ
ȻֻһͰ֣ȭͷ˻ȥ˵ǳԡ
ԭֻгһˣڿȭ֮֮¶ޱȾϲɫϵ۷ǳңȻ㣬СӶӳ
ᣬҪɱ㣡֣ߣҪٶȳȥ
Ȼֵ֪ܸУУ԰һֳ֣ܴ󶯾
ᣬ֪ΪζӦҸطú˽һСòκθ顣
һЦСӣţܺãҾͶǼӻʱ䡣
ϣΪס캣ѧˡ
û뵽ڰ·ϣ˳
Ŀ֮£Ҳ֣ɱӰй˾ڻٴҲ޷ƽϢ¶ˡ
ȻҪҸطⲻˡ
ǳŷߺ޲ѵ֣ͿһƬϡٵѧУɽС֡
һƬ˪Ҷķ֣Դѧң߽ӵŭȵҹȥ
ЩǱһһɷĸ׳Уæǣܳȥˡ
¶飬˫ĿⱩ䣬ʵӶǲɱģ
ôЦ
һģҵǵǱĳָ߿Ƽǹɱһˣ޷쵽ͬʱǹɱˡ
ͽֻɱǵģǹڣкǵ㡣
̲סЦƾ㣬ͽָɱҹ˾ӢֱСӣĻ̫޴ˣҾʲô֣Ҳܰõ
ǳ϶ӵһۿʼȷܾͨ
ΪڿУʵ̫Сˣػû֮һӵǿ
ᣬȻѾûпǱֶλɱģǹȴûһ˿Ц⡣
ͫһȻȱַȫ֮ǶӵҪԱλֱʵ۷ڲܰ쵽ȻҪǴﵽּǾɵöˡ
԰Ƽֱϡ
ǲøϻˣھɱ˶ħµȥɣ֣սȭͷ𣬷߷߽е
ģһһ︶Ӧд۵ģڴ֮ǰһҪһ顣˵ţĿϬĿſ᣺ʮҹӶ˾ϽɱҪǼʲô
ߣ㲻ңҲҪӳǼ͵˭ˣ˫Ŀͬһ㣬ס֣
ǻ߻ܣһ㣡֣ҧгݵĵ
죬¶һ̵Цݣڲ˵ҲûϵҰȥ㳢ǼӰй˾̷ŲӣͻѶж³ġ
ᣬɣ֣ŭĿҲͲסˡ
᲻мЦ۷ڵ㣬ܸһͬ﹩ɣҿúÿ㡣
˵Ӷһͽɱ
ﺮһϵһƬҶԶɵϡ
һĻ¶֮ɫʲôĹ򣿡
ɱĹ򣡡ɱзҶ
жʱһ˿ԤУĸо
ٴУǰѱֽŵķҶӵһ㣬͵Աȥ
ηҶѵǰܣҶۡ
˻һۣͬһƬССķҶƣѪֱ쭡
оѣע˼Ӱй˾зĸ߼ǿѪ壬㱻пҲ޷ֱ˺ۡ
һƬҶͰֱ۸һĿӣֱ̫˼ˣ




191¡һ
 

սģһ̷·ƬҶ޷޸Ѻۡ
Ȼһĵ׵Ŀ־峹ѹȥ
ΪӰй˾ľӢӶ᲻ܲ־ͻδսȰܣ
СӣĹ棬֮ǰСˡ۾ɱĶųĹ棬ҲвƼ㿴
Ļ֣˵ֱۿȥֻ˿ѾֹͣѪۿɼٶȣϡ
е˼̲ĵһ䡣
һʶһ¸ȤĶ
ȻһЦŻһµļ⾹Ȼʼǣ֮󣬿ȸղŻ׳һȦڵ׶ߣѾһˡ
ǰҾ׹ۺϸ񶷴϶ùھ֮꣬һʮսδܼѾ޵еѡ۷ۣӰй˾ע߼ǿѪ֮ҵʵ˴δй۷壬ЩĻƺӵĹвӤˣ֣
ղţûнǿ״̬ű͵Ϯ֣ڵңѾ޾ĹҪԴ
˵̹꣬ͬһ㣬Ѹޱȵĳײ汻ȵ÷·Сһ㡣
ұۣһֻƣʨͻצųԴץ
Сģ֣æ󺰡
׳СɽĿᣬ˵ѹʵ̫ˣʹʮǰ۷״ֹ̬֣ＶĹӶҸӲӲ
Ȼȴǳ׵ߣһ֡
ۼľƼѹ£Ȼһָɵĵס˿һצ
˾ӣƽ϶Ȼһ磬Ҷ׷ɡ
ܣ
Լǧ֮һƣȻһָͷס˫۶ʱɵñţ廹
ǿѹס־壬һֵֻݺնȥ
עǿѪ֮ʵһննһְ壡
ǰĻСӣԻһն֮ϡ
յһƽˮɿֵն䣡
һ̣ͻȻֽһȥԼֵնϣȻ޷κɱˡ
ѵȸҪӲ
ǳѹסеĿ־ˣСӣֱǷĴڣ
ȻѾû·һ˫ȭͳ·ǹһ㣬Գһը
˿ƥȭ֮£ְҲҪóƬ
ȭ磬һƬƬҶ˵ΰסһԵ֣Ҳ淢ʲô޷ֻ֣Ŀš
ڲ֪˶ټȭ֮󣬿ͣڴŴǿ״̬ĸʵ̫ˡ
ۿŷҶɢ䣬¶ӰʱǾ֮ɫ
СӣȻ
𾪵ķ֣Լղŵȭƺһ¶ûڳϡ
㡢㵽ˣǹɫ޷š
˵ԭνƼҲˣҿڣһ˲Ĺ
Ҳǹۺϸ֮ǼӰпƼǿ޵սʿĺУ״̬
ԺеĿ־壬Уȫȥֻʣɱ¾֮ģų
ҡҡͷĿǿҩ︱ãĥʧȥеĹӶ
ûˣ
ͥŲһ㣬մһȭ
ỹδ˵ɫȻǵͨ죬ӷ·Ҫֱӵɳȥ
Ӵ˦߰׺Ѫ磬ŵĿؿڣȻȥһȭӡ
ţڳһȭ֮£ȴͬ޻һ㣬һ

ᷢһҽУܵľʹ˲ȫ
ʩʩȻǰ俪ڣᣬңʮǰǼʲô
ҲģɱҰɣڵϣһӡ
óΪӰй˾ӢĹӶְҵǳߡ
аҽֶΣȥЦһ˿ϼҪѨλ
Ҹʲôʹˣ
ڵʹ÷ȥĿŤݶҧˡ
ֶΣֱǹ˾Ŀ̻Ҫ£ֻǼ򵥵ϵ㼸£Ϳʹ
ᣬ볢Իʹζ·ɭڤд
ʹ亹ֱðæе˵˵
Ž⿪Ѩ
¡ʵֻǼӰй˾һвɲʮ½ӵȥɱСӣҪĶвɲĲ֪ʲô촽սս˵




192¡µв
 

ŶûκμֵˡĮת֣˵֣ڸֵǱɣ
֣ߺޱȵ߹Կһĭ޺޵ᣬǵһֵǵ֮飡
ɱңҲܿ군ģͷȻ¶ЦǼӰУбҸǿǿսʿ֮ǰע䶥ǿѪʸ񣬽ľǾ벻ע˶ѪļӰǿӶʵжôֲħ
ȥɣ
֣ﻹýķϻ˫ȭȥ
֪˶ȭֱѾѪģ֮󣬳ֹ֣ķй
ˣ֣Ѿ͸ˡ
֣תͷм˵ллұ𡣡
ûгĻ֣ûһգԴùǿ״̬Ŀᡣ
ղ˵ģǵһԺһҼҹӶ˾ȥЩַȨɱֵܵļһȫۣ֣ļ֣˵
֣صĵ˵ͷǰ뷨гڣǿĿᶼ׾ٵʰȼϣ
ڴʱʬͻȻһֻ
ͳϵֻʾһݣͨ˵绰
ιѾ鵽ˣǸүס캣庣һű绰ͷç𾴵
ǻһȣçң
˭أçһĿǣƺһ󣬲ŵĿڣǸү
ûҡ˵çҪҵ
ߣȻѡɣҪľ򣡡ç֮󣬺ܿõ˿ֻѾɱˣ
أʵ
뵽ʵôǿȻүɱˣçĻǷǳ𾪵ģҧݺݵ˵ӰйӶ˾Ļĵ˶ɱҳ֣ҲҪ군ˣżӰй˾׷ɱɣ
ç˵ֱ꣬ӹҵ˵绰
в벻⣬ںת۵УһŰ棬򵽿ʬϣ˲佫ٻٵʬ޴档
Ӱй˾鵽޷ҳһ˿
ǻȥɡ
֣֣߳һȥ𰲱˾ᣬصһű
ȻסᰵļûлٶûжʣΪ׼͡
ͬʱ׹ĳ˼ѩɽɽϣһͭǽڰľ»ݣǼӰйӶ˾ܲ
һɫĻʮźװӣٿ顣
ѾյĵͻȻϢ𾪣ŭϸ֡
һɫͷӥǡ۾ˣɫϵĿڵǼӰй˾ʮû˸սǵȨڣỹӶȴڻĵɱֱǶԼӰг裡
ѷǱָصĴۣһĿļӰи߲㣬˵
ߣڻ˵ĵ̣ɱҲ޷ѼӰеƲãѷص»վҾɳƼӶ֮·޿ǰģְλҳǸ֣
һڸ߲ѷô˵ʱ۷׷ס
֮·޿ˣǼӰй˾ƼӶ֮һȻĩֲʵѾԶԶԽӢӶᡣ
ǰӰй˾ûнĵûɳƼӶפ
ѷɳ·޿ˣǼӰй˾ʮ׶ȶԻĵɳƼӶ
óѷԿ֮ޱŭҲޱӡ
һ֮и߲һͬBOSSľѷĵͷʼ·޿˵ĵ绰

ڶ糿Ҫţĵ绰˹
֮ͨ˵Ρȥ֮ǰĺ԰һˡ
ܿϤĵص㣬Ρһӭ
ʦϺðΡЦݣʺ
ЦЦϣʲôֱ˵ɡ
ģҺѾȬռصظʦһ𡣡ΡЦǺǵ˵иָм֮ɫҪлʦΪʦͽκˣʦĶ飬ûպʲôԸҸΡʱԸΪ𣡡
ϣˣֻôҪߣЩ˲ᰡп˵
ΡһתɹЦ˵ʦĻԾܷԸʲôԡ
ʦһּʦеĺ壬ȻҪ̳




193¡ľ
 

飬ʦǶͬ죬ϰ֮ˣж̳ʦѵôΡ˵
ҡ鿴˳һۣҧűݡ
Լļһζܲ
һ뵽УǶɵ˫̥Ůͣ;϶һЩرá
һʱҲŮװԼҿʯͷײˡ
ӣС죬ĶپЦȴȻϣԸĻˡ
ΡæЦһžҪѵͽܼ䡣
ȵȣͻȻڣԸ
͸ΡʱЩ죬ôͻȻתˡ
ȿȣ飬ʵ㲻ǿġЦ
գ鶯۾˵ûǿĸԸģΪҪʱŬ书Ȼ㣡
Եʱ̿
һֱϵĿꡣ
ȻĿ꣬ȴԶ޷׷ϵˡ
Ρͽô˵ıοһʦɱսľģһʹʦĲָ㣬ΪҲͻͽ
ȻԼԸ⣬ǾɣʲôģͲˡЦЦ˵
ϽӦһΪ˵ɲʹҡ
İɣֲǹŴүеЦˡ
֮ɫһӦá
ϾѾ绨ŮˣһɫģҲûǸɫҶħצ
ΡЦҡҡͷͽȻһη֮ģǱֳȴûûСģʦ棬ֻͨͬԴ
ΪˣΡ˵飬Ž̲ģʦûмӣ˸ΡҲ˵ͽˡ
ʦͽȻˣҲ᲻һ˳뵽Ҫ;ʦֱһʱ֮ġ
Ρ۰˵ʦֻǳһʱ䣬ֲԶ书ʦɡ
һúģʦѵùɵĵ˵ͷ
ϣʲôҪ³𣿡ЩʵҾ庣סţÿ԰̫Ҳͦõġ
ΡЦ˵ʦʵǺ֯ϯ䣬ʱһЩ¡ףҳֻߵͣҺҲмѣұ뾭ȥʧ˵塣
ԭˡͷ漴ʲôˣȬʵѾȫָγǸʲôŵ½죬᲻ٴ䣿
ң鲻޵˵
ôһ˵ɫҲЩǡ
ΡǺЦģ½ĸһ°ܽȳ֡
ʲô°ܽʦֻд֣ʤһжѡһ˵½죬һ
Ρ̾˵ʦٺдһΣҲĶˣҸոյϢȫϣ½Ѿʼأ֮գͻ֮ʱˣʱ򣬿ֻгʦܹԸ
ôᣬҹƲͻ½ء˵ţԳࡣ
һҵᣬҪһ䡣
ЦЦΪ˵½춼֪ҵĴڣһں⣬һڹڣύֵġ
ߣҪ㣬½һˣûôûƢʦ̲סԳ˸ۡ
ΣԼгһͻȥΪʦһȭ֮
ΡͽһۣȻԳǸȻʦһֱûϣҪ֣½ҰĲҲ²пͻ֮󣬻ڣսѧľ֣ʱ˵пܸʦϡ
ŶҵǺڴĵȤ˵
һλʦ۷֮սΡҲڴģõĽл
ϣһ·أҾͲȥˡ
Ρæ˵ĸóʦͣҪȥ˾˰ɣҾͲˡ
΢Цŵͷ˵
ĿͳȥţȺᰵĸĸҲ֮󣬾ͰᵽȥסϾԼһ˹סһԸ޷ܹµ
·ϸᰴ˸绰˵Ȳȥ˾֮캣ѧķȥ
ѧУ֮ǰѾһĶ飬Ħ࣬רΪ˼Ƿhһ棬ԼҪǩ
ЩĴѧǷhķ˿Ů٣ĳЩûвŻŮż񣬴󲿷ַ˿зۡ
ſȥּƺҪӽݣһŹʵĸߴе졣




194¡ӷ粨
 

һƣͷˣһֺ飬żѧҪſڴ
λѧ㲻ܲӰһСŮе
ĵӾŶӣŵſڣôܹ⼸ͻȻҪӵ
˵꣬ǸߴһСܾͳѧѧе𣿽ϯ
СŮϯ֣ʱɫɷס
ԭߴȻѧϯ˴
һ˶˹
ڿǸСŮȻѧϯ֮˿Ŀͬ
ŮҪˣ
ϯԲûϳСŮɫֵ̿ĵǸ
˴ӹһ˿֮ɫû˵
СܲԹɫϳˣÿϯҪȥܽвǲսѧȨ
ҡûССŮԽԽᣬŵüҪ޳ˡ
ѧСܲӣݺ˵ȥдһǧּ飬Ȼдʮ飬֮ǰ뽻ѧ칫ң
˵꣬Ц˴
˴ɸ߸̧·һС
ȻûпڣѧС֪ϯĬ˵ĳͷˣʱһ
˿СŮôңܵͷȴ˵ǰȰֹ
Ϊ֪캣ѧѧᣬȨƼ֯ʮְԵ
ҵѧᣬСŮд鶼ģߣᱻ۵罱ѧ𡢲ȵȣҵֿȫܵв
ˣ˾ýСŮֻϵù
ѧСܼվԭأʱô
ſڵİԱǻ쳣ΰѾȥˣ߹˵úõŶӣƾʲôߣǼŵȥӣ
ӴǣһСҶ£ǲǣѧСܺԳΰв
ΰɫһҲʲôǫhİԱ
㱣ǰʶľ͹ԹվԭλԲ˶ߣѧСϴųʮֵš
ΰ˵ЩʲôʱһޱȾη
ˣΰ˴˵ĺ󷽣ϹϾĵʺ
˳Ŀ⣬һͨͨ˴ǳ
˴󣬴˹ɣڣ·ǧ꺮̶д
ͨһѧϯ˵ɫˡ
ôĵӣ
˴Сǵʱŭɶ׷Ȼǹǲǻòͷˣ
ڵģܿѳΧ
˿⸱ƣ̾군ˣдֻС£϶Ҫһᡣ
СŮҲŵֱԳ˵λѧ߰ɣùң
ЦЦȻվţһҲ
һٶıӣ˴̲סˣɫ񱩷ǰϦĺ棬˵ʲôҽҹ
ž
˴󻰸˵꣬ͻȻ˳ȥˤڵϣʺӡѪ
һߣƣƺղŴһƣԼƵġ
һĻȫһƬȻ
˭û뵽ͨͨͬѧȻҴѧϯһƣ
һôأֱĳüס
ֱȳɽǵˣ
˴ջۣ֮ɫ޾ķŭ衢⻹ɱ
СҲƬ̣ŷӦæܹȥϴ
Ҳ꣡
˴վ֮ĵһ仰ֱҪɱ˳һ
ڳ֮ˣóҪùˣͽһʱ֮죬ȴҪ⵽˴ֲޱȵı
ֻгΰЦ˵úã
ڣǿԹ𣿡ǹЦЦĿ˴
ĸϵĸѧʲô֣˴ȥѪ_ĿгݵҸ㣬군ˣҪ㳹׹캣ѧУȲ㣡
Ŷ𣿡ЦЦΪ⡣
⸱֪ôģ˴ŶҪըɫԼСȰСӸſ£ѧ
ǣϯѧСܶݺݵĳȥҪȭӡ
˼״ǰ̾һȻΪϾ˫ȭѵְοֹ֡
Ȼһ̣Ǿ͵ɴ۾𾪡
ֻ߳һţͰȫѧС߷ˣ
ְָ
ֳˣ
û뵽ڵϲŻᷢĳȻԼѧУۿ
ɫȻջȣʵΪ˲ôףֻȭֶΣ򼸸ѧСܻûͻᱻɡ




195¡ͷ
 

˴û뵽Сܣһͱ߷ɣʱ־ŭɫһٱ䡣
㾹Ȼѧ˶Ҵ򣬼ֱ޷죡˴ɫĽе
ȥЦ˵޷ģǣ
㡢ٹҾͱˣ˴һƽʱˡ
Ϊѧϯƽʱ߸ϣ棬ɲ뵱ôѧ棬һٶǿʲô涼Ҫ⡣
˴ѧϯѧУ绽꣬õű𣿡Цеģȫһ޺ı顣
˴󱻳ôһ˵һ飬԰ؼʱ̣ôû뵽ԼѧϯһӦĴڡ
ôţ̳ŶӵͬѧǺǵѧϯҪˣң
ΪôһͬѧǾͻ׷ܹݣȻ˴ܿɵۡ
ڳͬѧֻĿûһ˹
ѧƽʱаԵͬѧǶ֯ʹڿ˴󼴽дʹ죬ڰأôѧϯ
ۼѾߵǰ˴󾪻ʧ룬ͻȻɨŶȺУһͬѧæеγλ᳤ңСӺݺݽѵһ٣
Ϊѧ᳤˴ѧУŵĻ᳤ϵ죬һ¾ϳǸŶӵǿ׳ǿֵЭ᳤γ
γԭϹۣ˴Ľкݺһ䣺ɵƣӳ
˹ȥֻɫЩÿ
γ˴ϲ֪γǿֵڴĶεĸ֣ԸǰСӻɣþˣ
γߵ˴ǰȴǿҲûһۣǶԳϻ̳Ͽֵʺү
俴˺γһۣûлӦ
竸ʹڽүҲһɫ
γľٶȴ˴󾪵òӶˡ
γжôԵţһģһѧˣҽԺ˺ü£µʱֵ÷зμҺòײŰƽ
ںγȻһͨѧϹϾȫķ
˴һʱ֮Ӷסˡ
Ŵͣʵλ᳤ôү
˴ұ죡γһгѾܲˬˣ־һƣݺݳ˴һϡ
Ӵ
˴󱻳תһȦˣȻγԶһҲ԰ʹг
ƽʱʢ˵ѧ᳤ͷһŶӵѧǶ̲סЦ
˴߷߽زӦԭγǹġ
γ㵽ʲô˼һѵ˴ҧгݣʲô˶ˡ
ǺǣүǴҵԱȵϵģγ˵˴㲻Ļ͸ϿҪǱү˶Ҳʬ壡
˴ʱɲγĻڿЦѵͨѧģļһǻϵģ
ڴʱУżѧУ쵼ݶ
ǴǷhǩۻᣬΪ캣ѧУУԴ˴λǳӣٰúõĻܽŷhһѧУǰһ顣
һУ˴ͺ񿴵һæӭȥ
˴ôˣУѧϯʮʺӡʱüͷ
УɵΪֹұһ֪ôѧˣ˴סУֱۿߵ
Уʵ˭Ҵ㣿
ѧϯ캣ѧѧλȻ˸ҴУǶѧУơ
ļ쵼Ҳ׷֪ĸѧô󵨡
Ǹճµѧ˴ָų޺޶
Уָķȥһ֮£͵һ
¡үУηĿڡ
ڿֵµӡ̫ˡ
ǴּĴڣһСС캣ѧУǵġ
УҲ˰ǹŵЦ⣬ȫûУдеģ
ǵıУѧǴ˵еĳС
УĻڳѧиһ쵼ȫ쳣
ֻǺγΪүǻʲô
У캣һѧУͲٴԹƽƽ̸ЦһͨѧȻƺΪүֱ̫˼飡
˿Ŀⶼˣ׷ײ²ݱжǿ
ֻ˴׳һվԭأһĲţԼǲǶˡ
Уæߵǰ𾴵ʺүҲǷh
ǰɡ˲ƻ򣬾˳ֽѵˡ




196¡ǩֳ
 

Уô˵ת˴󣬳ŭ۵ģȻҲүĶӣ
ҡûУһҲûŶӵģ˴Ǻ
У񿴰׳һүǺεҪŶӣϽүǸ
ҡ˴ʱʣѧϯڱһ֮󣬻ҪǸֱɱܡ
УҲ˵ǸҲ뿴ɺİ˰֡
УΪһϽ֪ԽϲŭɫԽǿ£Ȼ˵һӣɲܲ⡣
˴ݺûУү͸ϿУѧϯҲˣöѧУ棡
ʲô
˴ʱʧɫû뵽ΪһУֱӽѧϯһְˣ
˵ֱѧϯҲǰ棬ѧУ绽꣬ƿȨһ񫣬ʧȥһ̿ʹ
˴ѧϯڼ䣬ˣҪжְԻ⵽ٱ
־;˴ĵ޿Ƶӿ֣æеУ㲻Ծңûзʲô
˳үǴɣųүǣУĮһĲͷ
ѧϯѧǴǶ캣ѧУ˵Ͳʲôˡ
У޿ɵĻ˴󳹵׾ˣɫ߳ܺͻں֮ɫͷתǰȥ˿Ŀ뿪ˡ
үɡУЦݶԳ˵
Уҿҵģǿǵģǻ档ڣɲһѧУ쵼һȥ
Уæĵͷȳȥһ֮󣬲ŴżѧУ쵼߽ݡ
ŶӵѧǿжЩ⣬ΪʲôѧԲŶӡ
ڿһȺԱԳϹϾʱ˾Ͷûˡ
ֻǺݣֻǱУһͨѧôͰ˾йϵ
֣񿴵ֱӭʺ
ֳ֣ôѧ𣿡ĿǣЦʵ
ˣʲôýŵģǰڲִǹֵ꣬Ҷû¹֣ͦص˵
ҲЦǰǻĵֱײеĵжԷӣҺǸɣһʲôѵġ
˵òڣЩǷ֮ͽҲ¡ЦЦǩ̨ȥ
ֻhһų棬òЦȻִڸһ˿ǩȻôĶ飬û˿ͷ顣
ƺӦʲôhһ˫ڱʯ۾ķ
һ̣רעǩɵʧ˶̶һ˲䡣
һԳ¶һЦݡ
ǶһûлӦ
hһƺʲôסƵģǹ΢Ц˿ǩ
㲻üȷhǩǾͿԺúˡ֣ǰһײһ³ļ
ûĵʲôüģ
ôˣϴͬѧһֱhΪֵܣסû˵㣬ɲٶˡ֣һĵ
Цһ֣ʲôʱôˣҹλԼɣ
ֵܵ㵽ΪֹʣµĿԼˡ֣һЦ߻ԭλá
ƺΪĵhоƣɢˣǩСҲˣʱʱϳһۣӣ۵Ц⣬֪ʱܿȥ
գhеķ˿ǩ˿ǻݵ⣬ϣܶ࿴żһۡ
hľ˶ޱɲ˾ʹʱѾƣķhϢȥ֣Űǻ˵Χͽȥ
ʱhСԴĶǸ棬û£ͶԶޱ˵ޱ㣬鷳һгɡ
ޱǸhһˮȻСĵʵhС㣬ǽг̵ΪֹˣôͻȻҪһİɲ̫ȫ
İˣҵġҵĸͬѧhɫ΢죬˵
ޱɫѽݲ˸˾ŲʮһĿǣʵhС㣬ҲµûĻǸʱڵ˰ɣ
hԣɫߣҧӣޱ㣬ʲôҲ㣬ҵĳˡ
hС㣬Һ˵顣ޱĳɫ;ʱڣҪһ˽鱻ȥɺصӰ죬ϣúÿһ¡
ޱ㣬ʲôҶڣhʮּ
Ϊ̫СûлȨڵҲҲᱻ˶ҡˡ




197¡滻װ
 

ޱh˵ô̾˿ðɣϣƺʱ䣬Ҫӡ
ޱ㣬̫ϸˣô֮Һͳ˵껰ϻؾƵȥhƤࡣ
ޱһЦ߳ϢҺ˭ǳһ¡
hŮ˽첽߽ϢңΪа˵ţûʲô˿ֶޱͳС
֮󣬷h㺬ӭϲдԹ˵Һ㣡
ޱںüͷһ壬hСĳδˣ;ȫġ
û뵽hһ棬˵ôֱףʱֿЦ֮ǰ˵ʲôֱ˵ɡ
ҡhֹۺĶޱڵޱ㣬ܲȥһ£
hС㣬Ҳһ˶һңҪǳʲô£һҲеΡޱ֣ص˵
hȻһЦ˺ҵģޱİɡ
hС㣬˼̫ˣȻĳˣǼû棬˭֪ʲôӣĴǣ֮ĲްޱȰ
һ˿⣬ͻȻڣhǳȥ˵ɡ
˵ţh۰֣Ϣȥ
ʲôޱ־ּǰͨ
ҪǱ˿hС㱻һǣֳţԻ޷ص˺Ϊ˵ĶޱҲ̴ְˡ
hסС֣ȴǷ·۽Ƶģޱء
һ£ҲԷhʲô顣ƽ͵Ŀڡ
ޱǷhľˣhΪޱ㣬Ȼ˸鲻Ҳֵ̫
ޱȴǴ粽ã߷߶ԫhСûж⣬֪֪жٷķ˿ǿͫhСôܣ֪ǻʲôľٶ
Ŷ㵹ҡ΢΢һЦԷh˵αװһ°ɡ
hɵĵͷȻֱӵų棬Ҫ
hС㣬ôǰ·ޱ״󼱣æǰֹ
ȴǲһˣָһ죬˶ޱѨ
ޱԼͻȻãɵõɴ۾ޱȡ
ȻѨˣ
ң˵·ưֻܸͣɵۡ
ֱ˶ޱ֪ܵѨģǵݵЩָ֣ʵУô˴ڣ
Ȼ޷⣬Ҳû׼͡
hŶޱͻȻһپʮȤ棬գһЦޱ°ɣ
ģֻͣһᣬκ˺Ŀ˵Ĵǰ·
hԣһƬ֮ɫҧݣŰ˵Ҷ㿴ˣڻʲôν
һҲһ죬ȷʵͷhֻͬݴˡ
Ȼʱ˶ԷǳԼĵߣûͻһ
һ޷ͿڵĶޱȴһ죬ЩͷҧϣhС㲻Ѿһȥ֮˰ɣ
һҪ鴫ȥȦɶĺ䶯ޱԴ˲һƬհףû
лعЦЦ˵hǰڲһʱģûôá
㡭ǰڻģhһڣöӶˡ
ȴ̵ģΪıǰˡ
Ϊأתأ
˼ƣӹʮֺõġ
hеԼôˣȻ飬ܰ
Ŭɬ֮飬h¸ҵڳǰ£һױȽϲ۵·
װ̣۵ף۸ͬʱɵøпһīhĳˡ
ħ𱬵ģȫʹ꣬ɸݵģɻ
hǿ̽ߣ·ִñӿ֣ȻԶޱ˵ޱ㣬һأ㲻ҪŶһܿġ
ޱһɬھֹҲΪͷȰ˵첻ֻĿŷh֣߳Ϣſڡ
ͷh֣ᣬкֵܹڻͳݵһСš
ݺһûʲô˵С˿ǴΪhӴųȫۼһߡ
ĴѧҲûαװúܺõķhϳ
һ߳ţ˷h֣Ŀƽ˵ڿ˵ˡ
ھǣֶԸ𣿡hһԹĿų
ΪѾˡƵᣬ֮ȴǲķ




198¡
 

hûɵһۣһ˿Ȼ֮ɫܿģּһ˿ЦݵҾȺ˵ΪʲôҲǶɡ
֪˵̬ȣԶô塣
˵ͷУҲеڴ
ʵܼ򵥣ǱǿдϾģһҹ֮䣬ǾͰѼȫˣһҵֻʱߣκηʽȡϵh渵ϣǳ֮ɫ
һ¶һĿЦ
ԭһУȫ
һ˼򵥵ᡣ
ǵѧУﴫԵhΪԼ;Ȼȥһˡ
h꣬Ϊʲôϵɬʵ
ǼھӰѧԺѧ˹ܵúϣϵĻᡣhᣬȴ̺żĿ˼֮飬ֱҳΪ֣ػɣֻû뵽̤;֮г̱ÿ춼ŵģͬѧǩۻᣬٴ㡭ϣҡ
˵˵ţhᣬȻ¡
һʹ徹΢΢ͻȻǰһıסhĽ
hʱȻ漴ȴ¶ϲЦ⣬ᣬڴ˿ɢˡ
Բ֮ǰö̬Ȳá˫ŷhСɫǸȻ˵
hҡҡСԴЦдᣬ˵õǸֻҪ㲻ٹҲǶҾͺܿġ
ô㣿ҵ̫׳ˣȻѧУ˵ЩšûڣжԷhĲǶѾȻ
hȻЦԸƫִͲˡ
˴˱˴ˣôã㲻ҲҵˣЦһ䡣
hϼ˫գߣ˵¿ʼɣ
¿ʼ
ĸ֣Ժ̸һٻӰЦŷſ˫֣÷h뿪ԼĻ
ôˣ㲻Ը𣿡h˶ɵ÷һɫ˼֡
ҧҡҡͷ
h˵Ϊʲô㲻Ӧ
ʵʵ˵ѾͱһˡڣһĿɬ
hҧӣʵ˭
ͬѧᣬǸҵˣᰡû˿ԥ˵ᰵ֡
ȻڶԷhȥ֮ͻ֮¸ְ⣬Ͼhĳˣ˿̹ĵġ
᰺Ѿߵʽµĵز죬᰾Ҫȥĸĸˡ
ˣһҲhƭĸ顣
ôܻhܵģҿóǸһ£㲻ҪƭңĽڶԲԣ
Ů˵Ĺ۲Ȼ̾һ棬hжϳǳŮѡ
Ƭ̣ſڵh۾ôȷʵᰲҵŮѣֻҪҳԽҴӦˡ
Խʲô˼hֹסᣬʵ
˵Ĳϣͨҽ⿪ԼĽᣬҲģԡ͵û˵ȥ
ʹӦˡhӹĻ֪ÿ޻ǸЦû˹ŹֵĽԭ򣬡òǿˣѻӦİɣ
ģᰵĲںֺ֢֢ӳʼͶ񣬲ءĵĽ͵
ðɡô˵hͷȥиʧ֮ɫıòײŻ캣Уͳᡣ
û뵽˿̵ȴһλòܶԼĴŮ׷ѵԼͳעԵ޷ݣ
hһŷ絶ȻܿҡҡСԴ԰׵ϣȻȻ̧ͷԳ˵Ȼ᰽˵Ǻ㳢ԽǾͲʽ£һлģҪƽ
ƽһɵȻʧЦ
ʱҲ˵Ҫͷhƽ
˵ĿǾȻһޣҲһļ
ǵģƽhָɣͦؽ˵ڿǴǣôһ캣еļܲã
⡭еΣû뵽ԼҲһ죬Ҹķա
һǷǳ֡
סh۵һ˿ʵ˵һ㣬᰽һ㣿
һ±סˣƿԡ
⣬ͺŮѣҵˮȾĸ
ˮ⣬֪ôشΪڵ֣ȡ
Ƿhĸȷʵһʱ֮޷ش




199¡˷˿
 

ȻǰȷĴǷhҲΥģΪᰵòҲǷ绪һǸǿƵıɽˣĸ˼ǿҵʾͲɬķhˡ
h⣬ٻش㡣ֻЦЦ˵
ߣһ춼Ҫ˵飬ƯŮءhӣЩʧ䡣
ҲȷʵϣᰵòһҲ֮£ǿöࡣ
h仰һ죬˭ỹû˵Щ黰
ȻҲǷĳ˵ġ
ˣľ˹Ƶȵüˣȥɡ˵
hᣬƵĵһ
ڻȥĻ֮г̱ǿʮ³鲻رϧͳһĶ̶̼ʱ⡣
h㷢΢Ц˵ֻҪԵԺһʱܶࡣ
hСΣᶨĵ˵ͷ
ֶ࿴˳֮󣬲һͷݺȥ
ֿϵİƣƽ
ڷhߵſڵʱͻȻԱðѧһȺϲһ˷ܵĽеhǫhɣ
ҲǡhѹסţɳƵɤ˵
ɫ˵ҲϴģĺݣѾ˫Ĵ۾ÿ춼֣
ǰǾԲϴǵżhҲ˷ܵĿڡ
˵ţh
ʲôhû뵽Լ·ñӿ֣Ǳϳ
h֪жమǱһɣ
ɫ̰hﻹּ֪˷˿żͻǵΪ
ۼԽԽh飬æң
仰ʱ˷˿ȻоԼߣһɾӹˤɳȥ
ˤڵϣ׷ʹгhȥֻ߳һˣ§ס˷h
˭Ȼұǵīhһ˷˫۷죬ͬҰް˻
Ц˭ǲҪ֪ɣ
˷˿ͺǲ࣬ܿҲǱУѧĵķʹǺη壬һͬſǵīhhôʥ࣬
˵ֱӳ״蹷
ҡҡͷѾûˣ׷׷˾񲡡
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ѣɵЦת߿·׳һ
ôˣh־ʵ
Ǳо񲡣ֻǸһסԺ벻˵
˷˿Ѿʧȥ˸ղŵȫ䣬ҺܿͻᱻͽԺ
hüչлл㡣
ҴģûȥҵĴ㱻Żˡᣬŷh
h۴Ц˵ûбŻΪ֪ᱣҡ
˵ժ¿֣ż⣬ӣֱӡ˳˫
ʱסˡ
ǰͫhǵĸо»ˣһǣİ˷hĿ˼֮顣
ֻѾ£Ȼ̰hӣ֮󣬻ƿĽ
hȴһ㶼еģΪ֪ûдֱľܾôһǾֵˡ
ҴϢҰɡµ˵Ժлڻζղһǡ
hһƬߣ˵ͷֱۣһ߻ݡ
֣˵ı飬ʲôҲûƵġ
hų֣ǶСһ֣ܸ㸴˰ɣĶٸο
׷ͶĿ⣬ʦ̫ˣ־ף椾ҲܵУǷhܹݵ֡
ЩĿ޶ãͷhһ߻ϢңȻ⿪˶ޱѨ
ޱhСûʲô£ŷŵ˳һ۵»ٸôҾͱˣ
ޱ㣬ҪֻᱣңԲ˺ҡh˵ӣһ˿۵Ц⡣
ޱӣļæȰ˵hС㣬ڵݣ˸䲻ϣжһǣ׷أѡһǿö࣡
ҵģڼǰͽˡh¸ҵ˵漴һƬϼϸ֡
øжѣɵŮô궼һƬһӵԾˡ
ޱȴҡͷ̾hС̫ˣֻҪԺhСʶЩ߸˧ǣܿͻὫͨ
hС㣬ǻȥƵɡޱڣ׼hȥ




200¡
 

ޱ㣬һ¡hͻȻʲô
ޱ΢΢hС㣬ʲô𣿡
ޱ㣬һºĻѲݳƻ캣аɣh˵ţڴĹʡ
ޱЦһhС㣬캣ֻƶʡĶ߳УѾ׼ƶʡʡٰݳˡ
캣мһСݳhƵĿŶޱ۾
ޱ֪hСֵ飬Բı䣬ֻ¶һε΢Цðɣһᾡ찲š
ϾֻǷhľˣֻܰг̣һЩĴ£ɷhԼ
hȸԾ㻶̫ˣ㵽ʱһҪҵݳŶ
ݳƱ˲⣬Ц
hЦӯӯĵ͸ǰŵVIPλƱ
ޱ«hСԽԽ
ʱ϶ǹαȫλѹǣ϶֪Ѷˡ
ȦԴǷǳģhСֻкͶǽϣõõԴޱȥúøס
hҾ͵캣пݳɡЦ
hһǩƬ͸ĺ𣬸ޱ߳Ϣңǻϳܿص齾Ƶ
ųƬϹ˵ķhһƬɫƽ߳Ϣҡ
ʱΪh뿪ݵķ˿Ҳܿɢȥյûʣ¼ˡ
ҲֱͣӻȥϼŴá
صгƳν첻ھ칫Ӧȥµҩ˾ලƻشˡ
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ֻ֮ڰ칫󣬷ʤѩ̺һ˿䣬һ˫ˮֱֱųҸղ£Ƿh캣ѧиǩۻᡣ
ᰣ㻹æ͵УעڨЦһ
ǲȥˣƽֲǷ⡣
֪ޥģɷܲȥֻʵûȥ˷h
ǲǡᰵ˿˿š
ѵɽˣȻԴˣ
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ҲţԼȥ캣ѧ棬ô򵥡᰹⺮һ̱ƹ
ʱһΣЦðɣԼҼ棬Ϊ˽͵ᡣ
˵žͰѵһ顣
һ˿ɫ漴û䣬΢Цh㻹ǳ飬ҹƽȴǲʲôǽˮ¥̨ȵ¡
˵һ仰ϸһĨ糺죬ҧº촽룬Լǲ˵ֱ̫ˣ
ȴ᰻еǿƣ·ԼѾڱصõıһ㡣
ᰣϴ˵˳ԽôãƺûôʵЦģ˳ת˻⡣
뵽ϣ˶ͬһҹˣһȻ˵ûʵ̲ס˳һ۵Ҫʵǰɣ°һȥƷ
Ʒһ档
û˵ȥͣȻҪЩƷ㸸ĸ׳գôˣ
㲻˵ҵˡεЦȥҴûƷҲô˰ɡ
Ϊɢɢģˣȥɣ°ٹҡᰱ
ǣܲã
ͲøϽˣ߳ܲð칫ҡ
ᰵ治һֵסģһ飬Լܻܿ޹ϡ
صг칫ҺƳҲ绰ȥҩ˾һˣ˵ǰæලشƹ̡
£¥ü˾Լȥҩ˾
ص֮󣬳ᳵ·зŵʵҡ
Ƴɫ涢ʵ̨ʮҽҩרȫעĽҩƣогϴμзȺ
ƳһͰԼߡ
˼Ȼͳôܣǰ졣
ؾϯҽʦɣҩܾһְװŽ˿۾Ůˣ΢ЦԳ֡
á֣Ϳʵ̨
оİְǰ˵λϯҽʦĴֻǵһμ棬Ǿᡣ
ʵ̨棬ȺʮҽҩרҼæϹϾʺã
˵ͷʵشƵû˳𣿡
˳ĵǳ򵥣ҺڴƳɹ󣬻ʲôЧȺɫ˷ܵ˵
ҽдĶŵ书ЧԲ֮ǰзĳࡣ




201¡Զ
 

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ܿ죬ʮĴָСĻɫҩ豸ȡҩ˲ʵңıǣ֮Ǿһ
뿴Ⱥ׽ŵݵǰ
һţƳҲȲһţ
Ŀеĵȴ˵ۣǳۣڳһҽҩרеҽ
ȻƳҲҽѧ߲Уǲ
ֻشһ£ͷû⣬ͰƷɣ
ʵŻشֻǴﵽϸϣ㼫ƷҲ֪ΪʲôƷʴﲻ
ΪаҽĵҪͨƣƷʡ
ȺҽѧרĿ϶ʱһϲһһҹĽƣû׷ѹ
شʹﵽϸߣǰƳʵ飬ЧҪöˡ
ҲϲһŻش۲
ССĻɫҩô棿
һ¾ȷû𣿡Ƴ̲סʵǳʲôŲ
Це˵Ҫ㳢
ΪɵûԳԹأôܸ˳ԣƳΰ˳һۣ˵
Цҵĵҩû⣬Ų㡣
ԳԣȺԸ£ѾȲԻشЧˡ
˵žʵ̨ϵһŻش¸С
ҩ븹ů֫ٺĺò·޾ľ
ŶȺȡӣ˾¶飬شҩЧӵҲ̫˰ɣ
ƳæʵȺоô
оɵһʲôƣ͸жûˡȺֺǺǵ˵
Ƴü΢ɵʲôݣ
Ҫ˵ȥ͸оܾĲƷҲк֪ܶ࣬ǻشЧЩƷǿ١
ʳȻһĻȴƳεɴ
ֻȺ޽ǵһư׷ȻۿɼٶȻָɺɫˣһ⡣
Ҳ˶Ⱥı仯ʱĿɿڴ
ѵشĹЧȻǿԷϻͯĵز
ʵ̨ʣ߿ŻشһƬȡ
ôˣ˶ڿȺʵ
һҽҩרĿ¶𾪵ѵİ׷ˣ
ģ
ȺǲţϽֻĻͷתԼ޽ǹȻû˰׷ȫڡ
ȺʱϲΪԼǳɵ
ش̫ˣ˵ɵһ㲻Ϊҵİ׷˲ڣȺһƬ֮ɫ
һЦɵеԹʵˣشȷʵ˱ĹЧԽЧԽԣ׷ڡ޸ƵȵȣشܹͼӰģҲΥɣķϻͯ
㲻ǣҲ㹻ˣȺ˷ܵ˵ĻشһŵȥԻĺǼŵĳ඼ˡ
ۼ۰󣬳ɱҲܸ߰شɱۺ䱩̶ȾԶԶࡣ
شṩģ۶٣ƳοʵҲϲ쳣
ĻشڲõĽԻΪϼƣ޾ϼŵλֱƶʡͷϳűȼҲǲܡ
Ц𣬷뵽Ǹϳŵϯҩר٣쵤ǿռ캣вƷг쵤ۼ۱ضʮָֻ߰Ǹ˵ݳƷ
ϣԼĻشһСָãǱΥҽ¡
ƶ˼ҳСһµ𰺹Ʒ˥ȥԼĸĸҲʮ꣬ЩʮĸǻҪ˥ϡ
ˣ˾⣬Ҫ˶Ļش
شۼۣˡڣƽıһ֣ٿ顣
ʲô
ΪԼˣ¶ŵɫ
ǲǶԲƷۼûиƳ񿴰׳һųʵ
ЦЦҪиҵĻشһ٣ͯۡ
£ǳ׵Ĵסˡ
ҩЧĻشŵϾһ򣬶и۾һգգ
ڣȻһŻشۼ۶Ϊٿ飬ûôģ
رΪгƳΣ뵽һŻشٿ飬ޱȵʹ
ôڳݺݵһ³Դѹ
ľˣٿ飿Ƴģĵ˵شҩЧֵһΪǼŴ󣬽Ŵµĸ߷壬ϯҽʦܲܲҪôԣ




202¡ԣ
 

㲻˵ˣѾƳεĵۣǹ𵭵Ц⡣
ܵıöȰҩܾзȺȻҲҿ˵ЩʲôֻܺƳһʹ
Ƴֹ۵ԣܿ뵽شƽĶۣһ¾ͽг󵽼ûҪнǧĹн׼ũ񹤣ܹгͿͻжˡ
ĻȻ޷챩ԶϼŵǷǳġ
ٿĻشϳżе쵤׾ˡ
ƳѾԤ쵤Ҫռгۼۻȳһ㣬ҲԪĶۣôشȣ
գ۳һﵽıԶǣżȻأ
ԼԽԽˡ
ˣȻǵƹû⣬Ϳʼɡ˵ţʵ̨ȡһ㵤ҩġ
ƳκʵЩƻشҩʲô
⻹ʣȻûȥԼƻشˡ񣬷·˵Ƴôôɵ
Ƴαôӣĵ˻ȥֻʵ˶࣬Ҳֻɫ
ȻصгٺúһӸһ졣
ȺشɡƳûһԶȺԸ
ȺæͷƳȻǼܲгǵλȴһֹ˾ܾߡ
һȥܲҪϢ߱㡣Ƴ˵ҲܳʲôӦֱ߳ʵҡ
žߡں湧͵
һҽҩרҶ¶ɫܵıãƺΪϯҽʦ˼
ȻǼĿãҲҵɫš
ƳκܿصϼŴãƳ׼ȥܲð칫ȥᰣȴǿڲȥˡ
Ȼû˵ʲôԭƳҲûжʣԼȥ㡣
Խг칫ңһҩķŵ칫ϣ£׼ƻش
Ϊ٣ҪؼһˣŻشøĸá
תϳһ棬ҩİȥ
ٿ棬ʮӺŻƳγεĵҩϡ
ȡҩֻţ͸ĸʣһãشֵͼҩԺ󶼿ʱƣҪôࡣ
ƵĻشɫƷҩ˾ʵƳģЧҪʮŰ֮ʮ궼⡣
뵽ؼңһ˿ů⣬Żش
һƳλˣһſţû˵ñشļ۵ģȻҲͬĶۣôͻȻɹ
ûǹר½ѹСԵġЦе˵дһ˿Ϸʡ
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ĸҰ˫Ͷ
ƳǺҵǸ
úúãҵǸЦã㲻ǲԣǼŵŮһ캣Уҵˣ
ƳһЦŲ
ֹܿѻشۼ۶ôͣ𻵼棬СҴӵ°ʱ䣡
ǰɡʱڳһ

Ƴԣʵʵ칫°ʱ䣬ɻЧʻƳģ޲Ӱ༸Сʱſϰݡ
ƲϽܲŵƣҵŴҪܳȥܸӰģ
°ʱ䣬ͱȥʲôƳκʵﾹЩġ
ԣֻڨЦ˵ƺ֢
ߣҪΪСܺƭƳδλվûĵųָһ㣬컹Ʊ㺮֢ʱأʵҲߵģ
⡭üëšһˣѵҪ˵ԼںᰳԽҪϼҼĸ
ҪǱƳ֪Ļ֪СӻʲôӦ
пܵģžֹˣ
֪Сӣһֱܿɶ񣬾Բġħצıˡ
סƳҧݣߵǰʵ㵽˵˵
ȻôһƷŮ۽ĵز۽鵽·ʤշ⣬һʱ֮˵ֻоͷȡ
Ƴκܿʶڿʱӣϼ˫գæ˺һȻǰ칫޷룬Ǻͳԡ




203¡Ʒ
 

Ƴ˺ȴǰһ˫ֱĶ
㡢еа⣬ƳһӾͻˡ
Ժвһ죬칫˳ǡ
ѵһΣ
Ƴһŷ̲סͨͨ
ааһЦû
㻹С˿Ƴ΢ӣСڣ¶һŰ״ɰвʽ˵
ȻʧЦСӻҧ
з
㻹ʲҺܳȥˣЦЦ˵ȫƳεв
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ĿЦã˵˵á
ȥŸƳÿ˿ռ䡣
ʵҲûʲôǷ֮룬ֻһС㣬ʰˡ
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ԣĵ׵ʱһ£Ȼ֪ƳοеԼ˵ɲ˵ˡ
ƳҲע⵽ɫ΢΢ȻȻйѵǸȥԼ᣿
ҡҡͷƳ׿뷨ô佾ôܻϲһ
εһ˲ţ˵˾ݰݣתš
Ƴһο칫ϵ⣬

ͣѾڷš
ѸܿϼŴá
캣ֽ̳ӽգַ̳Ƿͷܶᰶü΢΢̫ˣ
Ϊ˸ĸĸƷ᰾˼˵ĳҲòȥ
ɫ̫ã֪İӴ΢΢һЦסɫȻĻߡ
һ£Ȼһ˿⣬һȻô޼ɵ§ס
ϴβŸԼˣʽ֮еܾٶû뵽ôԺȥˡ
˵һﻹǹģ
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ЩȻᰱһѣɫĲ
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бƿ֮󣬶һ죬Ůôô
ǱƣǼˣĿ֮£ֻԣ߿ˡ
Ŀóıûɵһ˿⣬ôһǿ˱ţã
ͷֻһ̲סߺ̧ͷֻſ·ûԼϵĹ̡
̤ϵݣ۱Ʒ¥㡣
ϼſı̵꣬ᳵ·ų֣Լŵꡣ
Ϊ˱ⱻԱڽǰͺͳһ롣
ԱǼƽʱ߸ϡѵһļܲãȻܳЩš
һеĵе곤ᰣͫһæӭ͵ԱһϹϾʺܺã
ᰵ˵ͷɫһı
ܣӲ챾𣿡곤Сʵ
һССıƷ棬ʸӲ죬˵곤񼣬е㺦ǲĵˡ
˵õ㲹Ʒ
ܣҪʲôƷõԱø곤æЦ˵ͬʱһ
ɨһ۵ڰڷŵƷͻȻʶԼûʳĸĸϲʲôƷأ
һԱţǲˡ
ʱᣬЦ곤ǵʺ˷áԱ˵ĲƷʲô
곤ǿᰵɫûʲôʾŶԳܵ˵ҩңһƿ١
˵͵Աһ͵͵ų
İţܾȻصشòƷƺҪ͸ݲ򵥰
ǾƿɡĿǵ
֮ǰѾƳżƷشؼТĸ㹻ˣвƷƷشȣûʲôҲ
ȴƮ񣬳ȻôĲƷƷȥңǶˡ
ᰵѹٿƷ͸Ǯ࣬붼Ϳڵҿʮгɡ
곤͵Աһʱɴ۾ϼĲƷһۼ۸ߴ飬ʮоʮ
ܵ˼ƺҪʮг͸ˣ
Ȼ֪ܸܳˣݿ϶򵥣ͳʮģǾͲݲ򵥣ܵĹϵҲˣ




204¡ϳƷ꿪
 

ʮг࣬룬˵һ¡
˵ž̵߳ſڡ
ᰲԣԸ˳ȥ
ĵԱǿһ仰ܾ͹ԹԵĸȥˣ
ǲòƷ֮ǰ۶ϣ˺пǸͬһߣ
Ϊĳ󱲣ȫ²͸ˡ
ᰳ󣬳㿪ڵᰣøҰôصƷ
Ϊʲôᰲʵ
һЦⱲӶûʮĲƷһžͳ࣬ŻԲյġ
ǳ캣ĲƷôʹεȵĲƷ㸸ĸܼ˵
֪Ҿƶ˿϶ûùʲôݳƷǾ͸Ӧóô˻ᣬ͵õƷˡ
ΪʲôԼͳ࣬ĸĸա
ᰣҼȻҰ趼ϲռ˱ˣ̫صǴգͼٿƷҲἰʱͻؼֵ൱ģͼʮĳ࣬Ǿ޷ˡĵĽ͵
Ҳǻʱһ˵ġɼֵ˵
ô֣ȻϰԸִ֣³࣬ЦᰣҪôҰַܻڸҲ˵ף㵽ʱ֪ˡ
΢΢üѵĸԸܹŹ֣ͻȻеš
ʵҰ趼ÿ͵ģ㲻õ̫ࡣ⸱ģϽ͵
ҡҡͷĻֻǵƷ͵òá
İɣѡƷСЦЦղŵͲƷ̾ƸҰֻ֣ǿ϶ܿһꣻȻǮԼУϾҪġ
ЩƷҴӦ㣬ƷǮҪﻹȥؿǲð벽ˡ
΢Ц˵ðɣ˵㡣
Ҫ»صȴϲ
תͷȥֶ¿һҲƷ꣬һЩŹſڼʡ
ᰲԼͬĿƷĵֻдšϳƷ캣еһֵꡱ
ô죿΢΢˵
᰿ʵʲôô죿ѵ֪ϳҪ￪貹Ʒ𣿡
ǰɣƳѾ˵ϳҪ캣вƷгˡһ߿Ŷʣһ߻ش
º촽һΪļŴأϳҪǾ飬Ѿٿ۹ˣԭƳν˵ƳһֽлشĲƷΪ˰ǶԿϳĶôͣЧô𣿡
ҪԿЦȡһŻش
Ȼ㻹һţҾͲˣڿԳԸҿ
ȳ˻ãҲûʲôЧ׼ؼҸҰԵġЦ˵˳Ҳó
̲ס˳һۣԭѾ׼˸õĲƷֲҵĳ࣡
ҿû˵
û˵꣬ʵһװͻȻᰣ˲˫Ŀ⣬оϲޣֺᰣᰣ
᰺ͳһͬȥֻ˴Լʮ߰꣬װģòãһǳɹʿ
᰼ˣȴǶü΢ӹһ˿֮ɫ޼
װӣѧʱʶĴѧͬѧչ׷󣬶ľܾ
᰻عϼܲãͬʱҲ޼ľû뵽ûһʱ䣬ּ˵ļһ
޼ٴμᰣȴһϲ첽߹¶ʿЦʺᰣԵְȻܹ㡣
һȺϳŵĸ߹޼ڸһɫŮкҲ˹
޼ôϳƷʣ˵
ϳ캣пҩֹ˾ҳɹӦƸ˷ֹ˾ܾһְȻҪǿĵһҲƷʡ޼˵ţϸֵ֮ɫ
ϾᣬܵһҴŷֹ˾ܾ԰ʱ
󲿷޼͵ĺ飬ֻܻһݹ˾쵼ְλ
ʱȴûʲôֻĮĵԺҪϳţϼŴսˡ
޼һϣҲ֪ϼܲãϳŽ캣вƷгضҪϼ֡
ԭԼϳŷֹ˾ܾ޼ʸ׷ᰣȴԼɵһȴʵ䷴ˡ




205¡ɱ˵
 

޼˼תü죬ܿͰڳЦᰣҲһǵǾֹϵǿǿϵ
ţϳżۺʵ̲һڶ߳еϼţǻ׾٣
ϳܳɹչϼţôҲͲܲãʱ޼԰ҩֹ˾õĻ͸ˡ
޼̵ģȴ˵ϳӼ߰ߵչ̲ΪϼŲܸǺİɡ
˵̫޼һ˼ûУͷͷǵķǼĿǰߵľǲƷһ飬ϳϯҩרϣѾɹƳ쵤书ЧĿǰгвƷ޷ȵģࡣ
ˣǺܿռ캣еĲƷгʱϼſ϶ܵشǺͬƷ¢гգ
ߣ캣еĲƷгôռġᰲĻӦ
޼ľ۵һ˿̰֮ɫƤЦⲻЦĵʱܲÿɲҪޣ
˶Ի䣬ʵǰϳŸ߲ҲˣԭŮϼܲã
зŹɨһᰣһͺкٺЦܣϼܲãᰰ
ûҺúʶһ¡޼Цеĸǽܵ
᰸κӣֱ֣ޱ˵߰ɡ
ȵȣ޼̵˵ǰ
һʼͷ˳Ĵڣֻһֱû
ڼ᰾ȻܺͳܽӴͲò쳣ˡ
˵Ĺֲ޼Ҳ֪ģϾڴѧˣ֪Ϊ˻רѧϰ˷񶷼ɡ
ᰵ׷ңҲҿ塣
û뵽ǰͨͨȴˣһȥ֣Ҳܲ³ʲôϵ
ᰣе˭޼Ծɲŵʵϸһ˿ġ
гҵѡεĳϡ
޼ɴ۾ѿڽеܣֵ˿ôܻῴϣ
޼ص㣡Χ·轵˺üȡ
ص㣿ᰣһ˶Ǯ׷㣬͵Щﶼһۣ޼˲۾죬Ǽʺͷŭ֮ɫȴңһС˿һˣʲôģĵȵңƾʲôҪ
޼Խ˵ԽǷߺޣĶų񼸺Ҫɱһ㡣
һֱĬڱһﵱ裬ôװˣиֵ㺮ǣĿ˻ȥ
˿ƽ糣޼ֻǿһۣͬ̲סһ
ɱ˵
޼ղŻʮ㣬һȴòͷȥݴĲԾ־塣
ᰵ׽˸ʲôѣ
޼Ǯ㶨Ů˵뷨ڶûиı䡣ҡͷȻתȥ߰ɣҲٿ
ԭ޼һһѵȻ˵סתȥ
޼ǰʧ̬ȴֻߺ޵վԭأٴ
ȥ֮ѹ轵־֮ɢ٣ߵᰣԭϲǰɣҾͻ㿴
ģǰѳֻ켣ڰˣΪûоɱ¾ֳɱ
޼ΣǼ˱ҲͲֲˡ
»صԼҲƷ˼ƿͲƷֵ֮ϴθʯ鱦꣬һֻƾµĽֵ
ᰣ㵽ʱȥҼңɱ˵飬˵Ƕƽģֵٿ顣ѵ
ᰶе㲻֪˵ʲôˣֻٿ飬˵ȥ˭ţѵĸĸῴļֵ
ͻȻϴμҪʯΪؾǳĸĸ̵ˡ
ᰴʱֻĬĬͷӦֺͳȥ̾ƵһˣһлһƿҺũﶼǶ̾ơ
ԭᰱôģĸĸգԼϴθתʮ飬ʱǻصģҲˡ
Ʒ꣬˿صᰵı
ۺͷ赾Ѿǰˣᰵļֻʣ̡
СæдȲˮ֮ȥ׼͡
᰸ã
û̴ӳ߹ȥš
ֻһ˸ͦɢӢ˶Ůվſڣһһ˫鶯Ĵ۾գ˼գĽеôˣ
ǰŮ顣
ʲôˣеЦã˵Һᰵļһ




206¡ͬ
 

鱾ͳ죬뵽ʦգƹȥﰵţż첻һﶼֱӽᰵˡ
ѰϣչЦᰣ
飬ʦ𣿡΢Цʵ
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Ҫͱͬӣѵⶼ𣿡ӣЦݡ
ͬӣһ£ȻʧЦԭ֣Ҳǲʼį
ʲôʼįΪ㰡黰˵һ룬ͻȻ촽ɫЩ̿֡
ΪͻȻֱĶ۾һ㣬Ҳ޷˵ȥ
ȻŮûʲô󣬵Ҳֱ˵֪סһűòСŮͣɾʹˡ
ͻȻסڣ˲ˣʵ˵ʲô
׼ȥأô˵ѵﻹʲôرĵطƺȥҵӡ
е㳬ˡ
ûûʲô˵ġ˵
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ȴǲ֪ᰴһ˼ֻǰӻûȫ˵
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ԣ̾˿ᰣһںһأ
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ᰶһۣǲԼͬĹһ˿Ц⣬ΪȻô׾ˡ
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ᰱ̲סЦɽɢһ˲䣬ƣŸų¥ȥ
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ᰣұǰһȥסңʱ϶֪еε˵
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԰ôû뵽ԼĺףȻʧЦ
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˵겻ñȷ绹뿪ұ




207¡ˮ
 

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˻Խûӭʺ򣺡ˣͺܿŶԵȡ
ˡͷĸһ˱ú
ٲԼͬĸֽ֮ɫתˡ
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ŽûĳգʱʱĿһۣһ˿ĪڴʵôˣʲôҪ˵𣿡
ˣСĵŻѧУϣٰᣬϣҺܹȥݽĿ
Ŷ벻ȥ΢Цʵ
С¾Ůȹ˵ȥǱݵĻǾȥ
룬᰻صϼңǺ͸ĸһ
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ðɡεĴӦ漴ĳ
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㺣ʻȥ˳¼Ҵɾ򲻵ˡһ䣬³
᰸һ³һСʱγҲǣԼ
ſĺڰʿܣһ¾˽ֵˮг˵ע⣬ǻǵһμôţƵܳ
ǰˮĳ½ֳ׸ͺ62Sû⳵ţơ
ǿǵòʱǱ޵ĿɿڴǿʿˮӶɳˡ
ļƷŮֻڵ￴ҾЩŮǣǰŮÿ
ܵаĿ⣬üǧ꺮̶ɢ֮Ϣ
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֪ˮ뺷ЩåƦҰŮѧǿ飬νɽˮ
ֱסᰵ߽ˮг
ĻܿͻеƦåɧᰡ




208¡ѵƦ
 

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һռ˵ԽԽˣԼҪٴθԼ¡
߽ˮгɨһֱۣһբз̯λǰ
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̰Ŀһۺ󣬺ڳקקĿڵբзһٿ顣
ٿ飿ȷûۣɵȴһЦ
ԣբзĵƦûݺݶһѡ
һ˼ǧܵĳǾԲǵģǰˮ򣬵ƦǱ뺷úܣ첻µز¡
ڼ䣬۸ǺϰôǮһǧһﶼ𣬿ɡڳ겻ͷĴߴٵ
ôᣬȻӵе㳵ŮʵðҧгݣһҲɫ
һһ޿ֵĿǣƺ߹˿͡
ǻһɡһֻűǿڣˮгζоһš
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Сϰ壬բзëС̯ľϣŶʵ
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ˮճ»ܿܵģֻг׸һң㻣˭ãǣڳ¶һڻЦ׸ӣүºСүºܣѲ㻹ǳ׸˽ӣ

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ۿ᰾Ҫ߳ˮгڳӵʹܸ磡ܸ磡ܸ磡
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裡СûϹʲôһ֣ʺͷŭһ䣬³ƿСֻ߳һˬˮгȥ




209¡º
 

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ܸ翴ڵϱ׵ģʱȻŭĵȻ˸ҴСܣ
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210¡ؼ
 

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Ҳֻܽ͵ͨΪ˳׸ûֳܣ׸ĺϵá
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ûʲôΪһŮǿˣ˿Ҳһ˿˿š
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211¡ӽ
 

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212¡ʮ
 

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213¡
 

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214¡h
 

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215¡Ʒ
 

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ͺͷh˵ýǮ飬hʱҧгݣʮʹ࣬ҲĬĬۣͳһͬ顣
ڣǲҪֺãhȻһɫ




216¡ֱ׵Ĵ
 

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217¡Ȼһ
 

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218¡
 

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219¡Сү
 

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221¡
 

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231¡ǰ
 

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⻰ֻ˵˵ѣ˵ػѰǹԻֵвǲСġ
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΢΢ͷ죬ǼڣҲûʲô¡
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Ĺʲô˵ôҪҪǣֵһλõ˵Ļģ˵ŋˮڶﵱУһõĸˡ
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ۿģĴݱӲĻһλֲϡ
ܰŵǰŵλӣҲʵ֡
ںƵģڰֵˣаŰɡ




232¡֪
 

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ϣѧʦмҳѾڰźõλϣȴῪĻ
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أȺĸͷɥ·İıﻹδõͱһ㣬Ƕ֪ԼǲĶ֡
ϺŽԿ׳ܾ磬СҪʲôʲôǵĶӣҲͦŵʲô׷Ů񣬴Ҷǹƽοٻһϲء
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Щ˵ıȨƣڳж߹Ȱ뿪ųˡ׿ĵ֪ʦȻ˫̥Ůġ




233¡Ůʦ
 

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ԭҲҪ׿ӣܽϢңɵ֣סȺٵĸҲʡ֡
ĿųϢңϵð׿粻ʵ׿٣ҪǶˣ
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з˿Աκᣬرᰡ
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Ϊòޣʧǧ֮һ룬ſڴãҽгٵĸ硣
ãҽйᣬٵİκʦ۾Ů˵ϸʮֵᣬ˵ǵĸ磬ճ£
û뵽Ůʦ˼ôϸ壬һ¾ͷ⣬΢΢һ㵣ڨЦǵĸɸ硣
ɸ硭ŮʦĻشȻûʲôʾȴЩɻ
Ҳ˵Ǵɵ˽Ůλǵĸɸ磬ǿ϶ɹϵǳ˵ǻϵġ
뵽ĵһ˿ϱνɸ磬ԸЩ֮£ɲԼѧһҲš
٣û뵽ǻгôһλɸ簡ת˫̥˵
ʵȷϣ˵Ļǲġ
ٲָʾȻĵ˵ͷĬǳĸá
Ķپʮֲ˼飬һޱȵ˫̥ûȻһλȥͨͨΪɸ硣
Ȼһ£ʵ֮ǰڵһһλҪ𣿡
ʦЦĿʦһ䡣
ϸһ˿죬漴ȻһЦʦ
ʦô˵ѧУɼӦúܲɡ˳ƴ
΢Цÿ¿ģ⿼Ƴɼ֣ǽӽ֣塢ƴѧ죬Ѿε绰˵Ҫǰ¼ȡˡ
Ŷô΢΢죬֪ܴҲڷܣ벻˵ĳɼȻôá
¶ԹС˻ǵһǵѧϰɼء




234¡
 

û񣬱Ĳ׽ˣһ¾Ͳ񣬺бУƽˮº͵ĵǺú׼ɣҴȥλ
硭ٿųڵָʾ
ҾȳȥˣڴǵıŶûͷЦ˵
ЦĻӦǿ϶ãóġ
ͷ͹һ߳Ϣҡ
⣬׿繧ĺţǫĿڵˡ
ô
׿統ͷ׵ʳǷûλΪһǰλӡ
Ŷˡ˰֡
õģзԸʱԸΪЧ͡
˵ĶԻһԵĹᾪޱȣ̲סʵ׿磬ʲôˣô
ʦûҪ֪ˡ׿ͱ˵ʱָֻ
̬ȣǹƽĸг֮ӣ׿٣ղ׿ԳĹҪΪ⺢ǲǳԴҩˡ
ǹȥɡ˵ֱ꣬ǰȥȥ׿硣
׿Ҳûһ˿ı֣ں΢һ͵̬
ῴð棬ٸɸݣĵײֹŨȤ
ֻľֱӿʳŻͷٽ
ϳĽŲ̨ǰȥûߵλãһװ÷ͷ󸹱ӭϵķ⣬¶һڴЦᣬȥء
Σ㻹ǳƺҹʦɡˣĵײ񣬱滹͵˵
ΣбģеĽ̵ΣѾʮ꣬˵λ飬ŶܲıƢˣȻǮеλǵһѧУѧΪЦ̸ʡ
ΪŮʦڿĵһۣ;ҪȢؼң˶̶ʱڣԹչ׷󣬸ѧУ˾֪
ƢꡢԺɫֶӴţҴӦһֱԶ֮ôùҲͷᷳѡ
Ǻǣʦôжϧģֺõ˵ߵĳ֮΢΢üʦ˭
ٵĸɸ磬гܵ
ɸ磿
ʣ¶Ȼ֮ɫ˳һۣô䲻Ǹ˵еݡ
Ķ˫̥ûҲǴѾãһֱɵɵ˽ŮŲʵĳЩ뷨
ʦ˵𣿡ɵʵ
ᵭشղѾȷϹˡ
⡭˲еˣĸּ֮飬ɸ磬ǸݰԼҪܳΪ˫̥ûĸɵĳЩͺˡ
˼ƤЦⲻЦá
˫ֲһ֡
ڿĵʱ򣬳Ѿλοʱǹ˸
۾ĴζԹʲô뷨һ۾Ϳһװĵ쵼԰һа֮ġ
ˣȫӡ
οԼʱڣԽ̵εӡҲܲá
εջֱۣһһëͷСӣװôקǺйϵԺҲΪ̫ˣܿС
ܵ˫̥ûĸɸ磬Ѿ϶ǻϵģִᣬһͷǺ¡
뵽ĲȥЦԹ˵ʦ߸˸λרһλĴ쵼óģһɡ
ͱΣˣԼλ֮ɫ˵ҴȥɣλͺҰһ顣
áӦԱ¶һЦЦı飬漴Źȥ
ںҧгݣ޺޵İߣƽʱôľ崿ԭװֵϻСӣô飬ӾͲǮҲ˫ȣ
ŹһλŵĳѧУ쵼߹ٺͶ
ΪɹñУ˫̥ŮӦ̨ݣŻһŵʸͬʱΪٵҪֶȡһ
ѧУ쵼˵ٵļҪͬû
ΪҲţ˫̥ûɵ˽ŮҪĻȫʸһŵġ
û뵽ľȻһͨͨˣһʱ䶼Щ졣




235¡ɵ
 

УѦѦҲ֮ѦĿ¶ɫıС
һмλ캣и߹һУ뿪ѯʹᣬȴһѧȥ
ԭڵһĩ˵ϣȻܹмλӣļȵĲˬ߹֮󣬱İʵʦƾʲôһܹ
ΪҪġɫƽ͵Ļش
ʲôĲţٵʲôˣ
뵽ֱ˵ǵĸɸ磬᲻ͬѧɴ̼
ϾϵĽᣬѧУҲǳģһֱ˫̥ûе٣аĽ׷֮⡣
ƾնһɸ磬ѱᵱôǰˣݡ
ʦһòѣ˽Ըڳһλİɣϼûлش뵽һֿԡ
ôһ˵ʱߵϼ˫գæ͵ҵСѡ
ʦ֪Ƥ˼ϣֻɫȰ㻹ǸϽְɣ㳤ôƯһϧϵĻζԳļӡ
˵ôֱףֻƢ̫ãѧһʱ֮侹˵
ϻΪĬˣתԳ˵ûʸλӣʶľȥУǹʦˣ㲻䣡
Ŷ䲻䣬ѵ˵㣿ǹһĨЦ
ʢ˵ĺȻǮ˵㣬ҾǮˣҵ캣С
ž
δ˵꣬Ȼһơ
ŻӣϵһʱѰԪס
ЦЦվţ˫ֲ϶ȵġ
ȿȶ֮ʱϵŭӲϨˣ˷·˲䰫˰ء
֣ôҶ⣿ʮֱʵ
ϵϰ֣Ҳǳ֮ǰѧУͣĴ󸻺ԡ
ɫŭɵƶӣȻҶԳ񣬲Ҫǲǣ
뵽˵ָ֮ͿȡֶͨΣѾǿ־壬³һŭӵͱסˡ
һ±ƣʲôˣ
ûлشĻתϻ̳ϿֵĵͷˣԲС˽޷ˡ
ԣӿǸöӹܽˡĻƮƮģƺûһ˿
ȻȴΪԽԽأҧҧֺݺݵ˶Ӽơ
žžž
ϵôѧУͬѧ棬ϰִ׳ͷţжίͶˡ
ˣһȥ󣬻ҪٺúýѵȮһ١⼸֣һҲۣΪ֪ĻԼҶӺܿҪ
ˣȥԭλɣҪʼˡ
ǡԸӦŶӻصԼλ
֣Ҳһصλŭ˵
ϰֻǵһδһôݣеڶͬѧǰԺôѧУ죿
ô˵ɫ˲ھ
ʲôҵѵǸһﻹҶɱˣ϶һ㶼ϰֵĻ
ѹĵ֪ΪʲôΪ𣿺ߣ˵ֶΣԶԶĻҪ
֣캣еĶ󸻺ѵǼңһǲˡ
Լֻ̣ҡҡͷؼٸϸ˵֮ԺˣһҪݣȫҶҪ㺦
ϰ˵һ㶼ЦӣϾɲ͵͵Ǳ߿һۣͻȻоԼȫ͸Īļһ
̲ס˸޷Ƶðһͷϰ˵ûܿǶԵġ
һŵĴϵͬѧǣϰֶԳҲǷǳ⡣
ֳǳȫûԳƺΪˣҪǱĻԻеӲ˼顣
Ѧǰʶ׿˵ĴĲСӵĺøˡ
ʩʩȻĿԽѵȫ̵ĹᣬȻԻҲֻĬĬһ¡
ỹûʽʼһ˼ǣջµڵΪʲôղܽأ
תͷ뿴ŮʦЦЦ֪ʲôȤ𣿡
Ҳ֪ҡҡԴӹһ˿糺죬΢ɼŲȥһ㡣
Ҳо˵ľ룬е̫ˡ
ǹһȣɫ糣ĵԶСȵȺܸȤҶһԶһ
ò˵Ǹʿɣ
ĳȻ޵һ֪ʶĲݸ




236¡֮
 

һЦѱٵ˵Ҳǵʿһᷨ
Ҳš·ң΢΢ҡͷ
ΪһܹߵȽĸʦȻЩţ֮飬ÿ϶ǳġ
ŹһȫŵɫɹЦ⣬ֻû˵ʲô
λŮʦֻƼˮ꣬Ȼǰ
˵˼仰֮ʽʼλŮѧվ̨ϣһشʣžһοȺݡ
̨ഺĸ趯е㻳Լĸʱ
һζαݹȥи質ССƷȵȣһٴοڵʦʲôʱ̨
ǿѹŶе˵
ûΪλѧȫ༶ȷʵΪεĹܽ
˫̥ûҲϾļѧıݡ
һֱеţǵһκô쵼һ𣬶Ҳе㵣ѧݳϾ֮ǰû˵ٻ赸ⷽĲա
ڣӽβϯϵҲ߷壬˽ڴģ˫̥У԰Ůıݡ
̲ס߬ҹΣм쵼ж¶ڴ֮ɫȻΪ
ϸЩ쵼Ķǣһﶼʻ׼ٱϺȥ׻
Ĭһ£ᷢʮѧ׿͵̨Ĳ֮⣬ѾԾԾˡ
ҡҡͷ¶һεЦݣЩѧѧϰҪĸʱڣôֱ׵ĸ鰮ǼǮƣѧУ쵼ҲȰ
ʦôˣע⵽飬Ŀʵ
΢΢һЦѧУкܶͬѧаĽ֮Ŷ
ҸʱҲУ̸εЦ
ԣɫһ죬ȴţòڴţɣһĵǲõġ
λŮʦĿǣȻʧЦ
ʦҲУİɣѵû̸
ᱻʵɫˣûҴѧҲû̸ѧӦúúѧϰ
ʦеŰˣѧ̸У󣬿ɲõУ԰顣ǹЦ⣬Թ˵٩٩̸
óλŮʦһû̸
ᱻ˵޷粵Ĭ룬ٵֳϣܱǣѧУЩѧǺܷŶ
İɣѧУѧ׷ҵĸãʸ񡣡¶һŵ
˵ôҪ֪û׷ǣ캣쵼Ķӣѵɸ米ܸɣ
ȻЩ°ת̨
˿̣µĹϯԽԽߣȫУѧǣĿתĶ̨
ڴУԼƷŲ̊
ž»Ĺװ̤Źŵ貽ƮƮ࣬˫޹ǣˣ绨ĺ
ûŮ赸̨·ĹѧǸȣкá
ǰЩ²ĴǣҲųą̂ϵŮûȷʵòȻСɣ꣬ԿԳǵĴˡ
ֲԼҶӶ˳ԣһ쵼ԭˡ
ң֮ǰУ˵ѧϰɼҲʮ죬ϹڶѧѶȣδϱѾţȱݽ󣬾ȥ
ɫϲĹƣͰһʫŪƵ²ᡣҡ֣˫βС[љǣ˿תѩƣȷڡ̫ˣ
ϹŵЦ⣬ŽûˣкŹ֮ɫ
ΪһͿԼǴʼգ˫ֻųһˡ
ԻӦûʱƵģŰ֣跢ӵ
̨İУһλڹٺӢѧĿƵĿ˫̥Ůˣһ˿˷֮ɫ
֮Ӳ۱׿绹Ҫʵ书֮⣬ҲԺ׿һ¡
ʱʱĿ̨µͬѧǣ԰ɫ̨ЩѧҲľ֣۳ûһȵ
Ϊ˸ٰ࣬ڼ̵ʱڣѧε١




237¡ܾ
 

ǰžеλӣ͵ĿŶӵ٣ԱλУ쵼û䡣
һˣɹŵ赸ݳһڰѧһ빪л
̨Ǽ׼õĸ͹ٶѧѾȲߵ̨ԣһȥģһλи߹ٵĶӣŵЦݣһʻߵûǰϡ
̨µѧǿһĻ׷׻壬ѧУͬѧҪַ˫̥Ůװ
רŴӰĴǵõ觶׹ϣܽҵ⡣߹ٶһֻʻһִֻ´ȡһѤĿ觶׹
ϯõѧǣܿͿ;µ׹ֵʮ򣬶ֶ׹һ˶򲻵
ѧ׷װ̾߹ٶǮƣ־Ǵʮ˫̥Ůûʲôˡ
ŮͬѧĽʺޣҪԼܴǶ觶׹Ǹöÿ
ʱѾָһĸɫ߹ٶӵıףֻҲա
̵һ仰ȴ߹ٶӵ˲ȫУʦ汻ܾɫǵͨ죬оԼǶˣֻܴͷɥ̨ȥ
ڶ̨ģ캣һλĶӣĸ߹ٶӣ۵һ˿мʮҲ˼ó֣
ʻûǰŵЦ˵ֻҪӦŮѣҾһͺɯܳ
˵ţʻȡһԿףǰ˻Ρ
̨˶ʱɴ۾⳵ԿɯGranCabrioģһֵٶĺ
ȻжǹѧͳΪģȴ޼
ѧĽĿУԾɺģ䵭ĵҲա
ӵЦ˲佩ϣû뵽Ȼ䵽ز
֮ǰΪܾ׿磬Ϊ׿Ҳܸ߰ŮӻģֱһŮӺϲɯܳȻһ붼ûԥֱӾܾˡ
ɣ
̨׵ȴ׷߼м㺰
ֻ̨ʻӽͰ
һλλ캣жȨĶӣףеͱе;ΣȻܾ
̨˿öˣô棬Ȼһﶼû£Ҳ̫Щˡ
߹ٸĶӣû˱׳ɹֻ߻λ
׼˳ʱĲ̤ŵĲߵ˵ǰ棬۾˫̥Ůеá
ղ֮ԼͬѧֻףΪ֪֮ӵˣû˸Һ
׿类ܾϢѧУѾ˾֪ôǿ֣˲Ŵ󵨺ס
û֮ǰѧףʿĶ֣΢Ц˵٣̨ɡ
ĸԵ֮⣬ղż˵ıʵ̫򵥴ֱˣɲ޴ķ
ֻҪԸ֣Ǿɹĵһ
ҲԼٶ̨֣ô˿ţٲССӶ
֮󣬲Ծûȵ֣Ц΢΢ЩӲ
٣Ҹ׾̨¿ţϣҵСС󣬷Ҹ׻ʧġ̬͵Ŀڵ
Լĸײǣϵĸɫκα仯ͽһ䵭ǵҲӦ㡣
Цݳ׽סˣεջ֣գΪ캣쵼Ķӣδ˺ľֱܾƽδеܴ衣
ס˻Ϊٲûоʹġ
̨ڶʦ֮ӲûдʵǸ߰ûˣѵҪĶܴ򶯵ǵķģ
̨¿ȴοһֱרעѧϰ鰮ĶȤڼģȻƽʱͬѧЩ䵭
ۼ˫̥ûǣԹԵ̨Ų̨ǰĹϯ
һĻ˷׷ײ룬ѵǵŮˣǰţ
ѧǲԼͬվǰȥ뿴̨˭ˡ
ղŸʧܵͬѧǰһڴ쵼󸻺ǣҲ˹
پֱͳλǰ˿ϵĸѾȫʧȡ֮ϲ˳֮ɫ
ʦҶʱˣԭûŮȥǰ˵ġ
һ̷飬˾Ŀɿڴ
ֻԳ˫̥ûֱ˵ԱߣǸͨĻɬ˵磬ллǵݳ




238¡
 

û뵽˫̥ûôֱӵ˵ĻУֻס˵ǵĽǸεЦ⡣
һ˲֮䣬ͳȫ㣬ָоȷʵееΣȫУһ
̨̨£󲿷˶ԣŮ֮ͥ£Ȼ˫˫һͨ§ѵλŮͬѲɣ
ɻ󡢲졢ĽʵĿͶڶ쵼ѧ뵽˫̥ûѣ޸Ҳ̫ˣ֮ˣ
Ѧÿμ٣Բλ֮ǰڽû뻳Уȴһ㶼е⡣
ѦҲоԼŮԶԶ˫̥ûû뵽˾Ȼͬʱصˣһһˢۡ
ϵжסˣ֮ǰ׷ŮŮȴǸͶͱһʱ䶼ܲˣ۾졣
ӣ㿴˰ɣ˵ֶΣǳ˿ģѧУŮŮԣ֮ɫ˵
սȭͷȻܲģʵǰֲ׿ԳϹϾ׷ԭݷǷ
ͬѧ֪ĻǼʵҧгˣ޲̽λŮ񣬴ӳĻ
ĿųٽӵǸõĹϵҲòȰɡ
ϾҲСˣĻôãͳһ𣬿ùᶼеˡ
ŻеȻ᲻÷ſ٣Цǽıݣҿ赸
лл硣ϲͽߣ֮ǰ͵͵͹ӵˣҪĪϾȫУʦ档
̨ϵ˰֮󣬲Բ
Ǵɢ˻ͣ߿
٣ǽݵĺʦΪǽվ޵
ллʦ磬ǽȥװɡ
ٸų֣Ϣȥ
һĻЩ˵⻹ʶǶԸУ԰Ů
ϢҵһСٺܻ䣬ų¹װ·ѧװ
͵ŽװѽûСͨ죬ͬʱ΢΢ϲãǵĶ˵Ǻܴ
·󣬽ְϲױж£ʱ洫һӵ٣ǻ쵼Ҫǡ
ԣһ߳䣬ֻϢѾվһȺ쵼ǵĶӣУȼλҪѧУ쵼Ҳͬţ̵αġ
ãʲô飿ôɫݵĵ
ĻһƬȻԭٵѣĳֲϵ
еУڵԭǵֳγƺ

ճ£Уĵ
ûҲǵֳǸɸ硣
£˵ɫӲ˼ˣû뵽Ȼֹϵ
Уϸ㣬ϵĲǿˣȻǵֳãҽǣҪҶӲס
Ҳ׵ģҶӿһλ쵼ڵ
Ҳ׵ģһλ󸻺ʾ˵
쵼׷ױʾҪףѾǶӿϣǾͲͲˡ
˫̥ûлʣһλãͬòŻž޵٣ԼҶҪܰȢ֣ԴڽӴǴĺ¡
ֻԺϸӣûпڡ
Ϊлصλ칫εѦŴ쵼һôඥﶼĸףҪǴӦǻһλ쵼ĻôΪȹϵδҲǰ;
Ѧ֪еϵܹһҾƶƽƣɻڴ
Ȼ֪ڵĳҪЩϵˡ
߰ɣҵλãǵסƽˮĵ
ʲôڽԻȻ
Ȼ붼룬ȫܾȫ޷š
ɻڴĺûᣡ
УæڵҪˣ˻ᣬǧѵð
˵ǲܡе㲻ͷˡ
Уüͷֻǵĸɸ磬ûȨǾ֪޸ǵĹӣô쵼һλĹӣζʲô
ľǵľһͬڣ˲Уƿԡ




239¡ʲô
 

û뵽˫̥ûȻԳȫһΨǴӵӡ
⻹ǸɸĹϵô
ܸٶȿڣһλߵơ
Ը߹ƣԾɫݣôΪ
Ŀڶ߹ٸѧУ쵼ðԾһʮͷˣҺô˵̫ˡ
ǷԳ¶֮ɫ˲費ˣĿ࿴
뵽Ӳ֮ǰһҪ׳ɹ۰ӵĲ룬ɫ֣ص˵ֻҪӦҶӣҿڲΥɵµǰ£¡
ô˵̲סɴ۾
òŵֱһȽƱûʲô飬κһ˷ɻڴˡ
ĽöˮˣƽʱǶֶѵòǰһæ
ֱֱĶų˴ջܸôӦ˰ɣ
˼ǣû̴ӦҡҡͷΪ˵ǣʲôŵ꣬ҶûȤ
仰ƮƮģȴͬذըϢڶ쵼ǣҪըˡ
ϵĴ󽱣Ȼͱôľܾˣ⻹
ЩȻλ캣жˣǵĳŵ˵ջǺܴģǵݵλһ̨ס
Ѧ֪أݷǷ׿ھܾסˡ
뵱ԼΪ˰ͽḱг֮׿磬ֺ֮¡
һԱȣ֪ԼͳĲ࣬ʵر
ںһһ㶵ģı֣ٴӡ֤ϰ˵Ļ
Уּ˸ɴľֱܾһҲӣ˵˿ɲô㻹òǵĳŵֵֹǧ㲻Ҫʶô
˵ûȤûȤеɺǣٵ֣Ҫȥ
򼫺õĲǣ˿ڸһ˿̤ǰһʮĵˣʢʲộĪ㸸ǳ͢Ա
һ룬гܱܿĹٻ
ҵ̣Լǹ𵭵Ц⣬ƹǵȥ
һڸ߹ٸųŮȥֻоͻȻøߴ
ÿ˶оˣɢĺ̲ס˲۾Լǲǲ
ǾȻоԼģһλСɣ
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241¡ӰӶС
 

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244¡ɴ湫˾
 

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245¡ǣ
 

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Ƴǰ֣ò΢Ц㣬лл
ܺϼźĹ棬Ҳܸˡ¶ƽ׽˵Цݡ
㣬˼һС鷳ȴһ¡ƳζǸȻ˵УܣϳŻûǩͬɣٿһ£ܺǹ˾֪кô
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䣬䲻һ𣺡ߣǸŮˣʲôôģ
裬ƢٺãҲüͷѭȥ
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ǻûȵſ߳ʮˣȫǷɴ˾ԱһȻǵܾˣȫȻҪǩ




247¡ǩշ
 

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ʮҪǩԱʱһΣû뵽ȻļôǩȻҪǮ
С㣬ǩǶ٣ڨЦʵ
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֣Це㽩ˣǩ֣ҪһǧԪڳʮԱһξ׬һ࣬Ϊܾһ¹ҲͲ
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ʮԱҲסˣͨԱһ¹ֻǧ飬ȻҪǩҪȥķ֮һнǶǿȷ˿ľúܲ㡣
˵Ȼշѱ׼󣬹˺һҲûһٸȻҪǩ
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ʮԱ˵ܲٴƵǣҲڲǩҪ˿
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һ˲Ϊ칫ҵĽ㣬˲ɵõɴ۾һĲš
ȻǻŮǷh
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248¡澡ʧ
 

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251¡ｫĹ
 

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ں˳ǣһ޵ʱڤߵƫһŵĿʯʿƺ΢΢һ£ֻ˲
޵ɫ˷ˡ
ȻǧȥǿԿ޵Ƶ÷ǳݻ鱦ڷŵõǣмһʯףӦþƳĹ餡
Эɫ£ߵʯǰһ
ɶʦĵǣ̰ӷ
һоҲǰʯףš桢뿴Ľ壬±ĳ˵еĽʬӡ
ǰʯ״򿪿ɣ˷ܵ
Эһۣ˵¹ˣ򣬻ÿģܴ򿪡
ôһ˵Ҷеʧ߳Ҫʮ¡
ڴʱƽĿڵ餿Ѿ˴򿪹ˡ
һڽԻȻ
ں˵ʲôĻͷ˵ǵһ뽫Ĺˣôǰ򿪹餣
ҲԣΪʲôô˵
Э˹餵ʯ壬ûΪ˶ĺۼ֮ǰҲû쳣Ҫ˽϶ºۼЭĿž飬һ۾ܿ
㲻רҵԱ벻Ҫ㷢ԡЭ
˺ҿڣоǣ̬϶Ӱ졣
ˣֻ΢΢һЦ㲻ŵĻȫԿ׼һ£ƷǲǶѹһˡ
˵еĹ׵ĹĹŶЭüͷȫǲܵ飬еĹûºۼ
룬ǿܱרҵɡϷʵ˵
ڷƨĹôܱרҵ仰˵úЭҲרҵĹһ
Эüͷĸˡ
Թɫæ˵ȻС˵еĹǲͿ׼һ£Сƣ֤ں˵˵
ססЭҡͷ濼ŻıԱԿףĹʲô
ʩ˵öԣӦöԹĻľ⣬οһλƳɶʦҲ˫ֺʮ͵
ߣ˵Сˣһܲĵӡ
Ц˻ûӦ˲䣬Ѿߵʯ֮ǰһģٽʯ屻ĵƫƵһȥʯڲȫֳ
һĻЭ־ŭû뵽çײȻԴʯס
䣬Э۾ͻȻɴҲǺһĿɿڴ
ֻʯտҲ˵ƷˣƳ嶼ûš
Ĳ˼飬û뵽汻˵ˣ
ʯĹŶѾ˵ߡ
ıϡ䱦ģĹ֮ˣܷڤ޵ĸֱûдߡ
⵽ô£ҲˣȻ˽ȵǣǻһ
ȻǰŸճ룬Ĺžͽˡ
˾ɲʱߵƫͻȻһ
˵Ĵڣ˶һЭܿ첽򷢳ƫȥ
һ˹ȥ뿴˭Ĺ
ƫӳģźºڿӣźɫ֣źɫŸֿ⹤ߡ
˺ϷǽϣһĶڣ滹¶һ˿΢⣬ƺǴĳڣҲνĵ
˭Эŭĺʵ
еΣһ֮һĽֵӿڵ˭㲻֪Ҳ֪ǵݣҴ·죬һߣΣ
ߣǵĹɣЭŭĿüʵʯƷ϶͵ߵģ
˹Ĺĵı˲룬֪װʲôˡ
˺ٺһЦ˵ôҶǽƵģѵǾͺܹ󣿡
캣по̽ĹǸɵΥ¼ڸϽ͵Ȼȥף㣡Эľ
ĹʱһЦΪ⣬Ϊ׵˲мЦףҲҪֵµĹ򣡡
˵꣬˸ͳһλεĵӣŵĻȥ·һҲѶӽʮ˷
Ĺĵʮģӡ
£ЭҲýԥˣ˶ͨˣһĹĺأǷǸƵһ




258¡
 

˵ɫҲˣ޼ɵĵĹӣЩηһ
Э˼ת˵ܣܲıڰĹס
ԺɵĵͷҪ׸˵ı˵Ĺϡ
׼ĸڶֵʱ򣬳ͻȻڣĹ˵ȵȣǸղΪʲôУ
Ĺһ£ӱ㿪ڵĹ棬йһֻסǵĳڣȰǼ뿪򣬺ٺ٣
ٵĻþɲ
ʲôʵ
˵ǴĶȥơ
˵ĹôʵҪȥԼǾԲܵġ
䣬ĹĵͻȻӤĹֽŵëȻ
ʲô
ȥĹҲЭ߿еӽգ龪壬衣
ţӵͨͨķɳȭͷĺӰצû۾ȥͺ졣
ԭ𡭡
˰һֻгⲻͨ𡣡
ͨѣŻ˭ֽģʲô֮ɫԳһ䡣
ҶѨҲ
˵ţ󵨵ǰȥżֻڰе𣬾ֵͲȥǡ
ȻһٶԼŵûɢ
ֵֻͲƹ£⼸ֻǣȻʺѪ
Щ𣬴Ѫʳ
֮̿£æȥֻ֮ǰ̫ˣֻڳſݣٶȼ
ԭǰװһرƣȴŵˣʲôҲҪ˱ߺȡ
ͽϴ֩룬ẦԶ룬οֲ֪ʲôĹȫæˣҪ˳ƫ
ŵӵĹҲȥԸ
ֻгվԭأһͷһۣǵĽеѧܣܹ
һЦŶԼֻңңָݵƿ֮𣬼ֻ𷢳ӤҽУȫ˵ڵأ϶һĿĵѪ
ܵˣֻԺͺ俴һĻ
ڴų˳֣˿һ
ǲ˼֮ɫȥͨͨСѧܣȻӵֶΣ
յ˼ָͽȫɱֱǵ֣п飡
ҲʳˣΪڤֳ֮µĹ
һĹŹ˾ޱȵķ֣ԭ׵ʯʿȻ
ңϵʯʼ䣬¶һ߾߰׹ǡ
Щʯʿǰѻ棬̶ɵģ
Щʿű˿ֻ״ֱ̫ˣǴûΥѧ顣
ÿĵ׶ΪĹԩˣЩʿǳͷǽĹѨģ
ӣЭҲʲôŹˣоĹŷȥ
ĸҲͨĹŵĹź棬һûȥʲôݡ
ɶʦĴӻܣ򶨵ˣΪ®ºܳĹҡ
Ÿմƫɶʦʩߣİ󣡡
лʦҲȻһͨҲչĻ
ϾɣѪ֮ȻдЩʿһѱǴ˵еĽԩ᲻ֵ֣Ļжǿ
ܳĹ֮󣬷ǰͣһȥ
ʬǰĺг
Ҳɫȿ־壬ֽȫš
ֻǰĶߣļһȺ۾ѪˣϺѪɫһã¶õƤ
ЩˣͺӰС˵￴Ľʬ졣
ҡҡλε̤Ųӣ¶ҰɫļЭ
һ£ǰнʬ½أʿ׷ȫһ֮ɫû뵽̽ĹȻЩϣ
Эо˵۶ˣһֱŷѧȴҪЩɱ
ˣô죿ɫ֣̿ǰĽʬ̫ˣҲһ¶Գû˵ס
أûѹҶԺΪˡ
ǶĿ־壬Ҳûȥʲô˼ˡ
ɫأڶཀྵʬǰ档
ٶҶˣ϶Ǳŷˡ




259¡ǰ½
 

ɫݵȡһʯ
ôĽʬһֻֻĶֽʯ˲䱬ɱԸǿΧ
Ҫʲôһ˾㵵Ŀڵ
ЭоԱľٶ
ֻһͨСʯ׼ǰһƬʬ
ޱȵĿ֮УСʯӶȻҫ۵ĹâҫһƬȹ
ͬʱҲ÷ǳ죬ͺ񿾻¯ƺģһִŵĲСʯӣһС̫
һΣʯעϴθȫתΪԣڼȥ֮һԪ֮סʯָ͵һ
ʯŲ׾ĽʬȺȥһǿޱȵĻ⣬˲ڽʬȺб
˱ɢ˱ƵüˣٴοǰʱֽʬȺѾһƬһѶ֫кȻ󲿷嶼ղŵĸ±ըˡ
Ȼʱȷǳȴ뵹һ
Ϊһִǵ𺳣ʵ̫ˣ
һССʯӣͶԽʬȺôɱ
𺳹ϲɫţǰһȺʬܱɱøɸɾ
һ˼ĿڵʲôڿƼ
ΪղŵȥǿʯӣʲôͿƼ΢ը
ɳȰǳ˵ͨ棬ڿֱ׳ĺˡ
֮ǰһֱû˵ΪԿǱ˺þá
ЭţɬĿڵѵɶʦ˵ģ޵֮ˣ
ʵҶϹ˻ɵӣղŶĿŵľͨСʯӡ
ȫǺ˵νĺڿƼը
ˣ˿Ŀȫˣľη;档
ֲˣһֱôݲȣû뵽ȻǴ˵е޵ˣ
Ƚʬĳ֣Ҫô𺳣Ƿ·𿴵صıɽһǡ
ԭִᣬĴڣʵǳ˵
ǵۣһαˢ¡
Ĺ˿̱𾪵еĵӶˣǰԼղûж֣ԻᱻһСʯɱ
˿̣ûȥ˵ľηĤ֮飬Ϊǰ·ĽʬȺɻ
Щʬûĸ飬Ҳ֪־ΪڤڤǣֻĹŴ˽й
΢΢üͷ
ղһ֮һŻɱɵĽʬȺ
ڣоͽʣһʯҪɱʣµĴƬʬǲġ
ЩʬɱĻ˶˭Ҳȥ
ըĽеźڰмðĽʬղȫʧˡ
Ҳ¸־֮ɫû뵽ʬôࡣ
ͷ俴˺һۣ嶸Ȼ˸ŵһƨڵϣࡣ
ͷԼеĺȴеĵСһܣһŵʵĴڴ˿¶š
ٿֻȫתеʯ۶ȥ
һΣһʯҫ۵İǿ⣬ƺҪ֧ŲסĹעˣһ΢СѺۡ
֪ٸʯעˣоٽĵԥİʯȥ
Ȼһ죬ǰĽʬȺֱһƬ
ĵȳζ֮Ż׷סӡ
ڶγ֣ñ󷽸Ķɶʦͻܿȫ¶𺳾η֮ɫ
ԭΪֻǶһ;ԣû뵽ˡ
֮ȣɶʦ֪Լǵ΢ʲô
ķ®޷ʮ꣬ôһ㣬Ҫ˵еĸɮħǾ԰첻ġ
ٴʩչͨ𺳣ϲ֪Լоˣ
Ҳóõȷʵʲôըĳʯͷ
Ĳɵһ£Լ֮ǰȻŴε
ҪǱСʯӵϣ˲Ϳҷ
˵ЭҲҶһˡ
ʯѾɱ˰˾ųɵĽʬۿȥǰ滹ʣʮֻʬȻ١
һΣʬȺһСӰɵۣģǸˡ
ʬĻٿߣһݡ
ڴʱִһ󾪺ԭɶʦͻǣҲסˣʮñĹѨ˳
ɶʦһ˺һʹзһϸ΢⣬һܴñϼͷԻ
ɶɫףȥѾġ
Ĵӻܣžȣסñĵǹ
ֱֻ𣬰ȻĻ磬ƴȻһӵñĹҲýڽڰˣȻһΡ




260¡ӳ
 

Σ֪ȥˣԼĵҲǳ졣
͸ۣʣʮʬ棬ǸСƺ׼ߡ
νȡ룬עǰС˼
ǵѾԳǸӦΣ٣ٻʬԼ
ϸ׾ٴʬ壬ֱӴ򵽰С˵ĺ󱳼׵֮ϣǵһҽУ˵ڵأҲá
ļѾƻ̱֫ʲôаʩչˡ
һüչղֱ֮ȥΪע룬͸Ըǿ
ڰС˵֮ʣµļʮʬͺľͷһͻȻһˣѪ֮ɫҲȥ
ҳȥ˵ʬȺȥ
˿ޱȾ죬һ˳뽩ʬȺͨǷҲʵ̫ˣ
ڴҶԥʱ򣬳Ѿ嵽ʬȺǰ棬һͷͷݿɲĽʬȻȴûһͷʬй
һĻЭ־ϲֲóôһǰԭ֪Щʬٽй
ҿϳ˰һȣǰȥ
ȻһĸڰЩʬȻ
ϧĴ󸻺ǰȥˣһñ׷ɱЭоԱĹ®ºҲûԥӲͷƤʬȺȥ
ɶʦҲ׶סˣԶ˹ҲʣʬȺͻȻסŴ󲿶ǰȥ
ʬȺ֮ץϵǸСˣ򶴿ڱȥ˽ϣҲϾٿñûи
ڣ˶ܳĹѨڣһͣ½Ų˼ͣסȻĺĹѨñ׷ɱҲĸһͣ
ͷ򶴿ڿȥֻñ׷ڳͲǰ˵߳ڡ
ˣ˻ǱһϾǴδĿֲ׶
ñڶڣǲĵϣһ̫͸ƺЩñǳɵ
ۼٳûбƸסñȫÿնĹǲ˻Թ
Ĺŵ˫ȷܵͷȴζŲ
ҲĹȥ˿ǵѾϴˢ֧飬˺ܿ뵽ЩñܿΪĹǽ壬Թ˻
óĹ˵
֮ǰʶֶͨΣôһȣ͵һ˭ҲΥԹ԰ѱж´򿪣¶ĽƷ
ǰȥ壬Ѿһ߿ݹǣҹͷȫɺɫһëȻ
Ҳ֪ĹôҰѽߵġ
Э屻۵ڱҲ߹ݺߣȻ̣壬ЩĹɥĲӦȥǹУ
ĹҿֻǵͷҲû֮ǰž
Ž壬ȴüͷΪͨ͸ۣɫݹϣɢųԹа
֪ʲôԭ߽ݹǧʱ⣬Ȼлһа
ڳ׼ϸһʱ򣬽ݹͻȻӱ˳һӱ⿾졣
Ȼݹ˿ûеʹܲˣٶȼĹѨڼȥ
һĻ˶ŻˣĿɿڴȫû뵽ݹǾȻж磡
һγǵ֪
ضڵϰİСˣͻȻڽе
оⱩ䣬һԪת۵˫֮У˲âţҫ˶۾
˫ķ򼲷ɵĽݹնȥ
һ޴ʮֹУѸײڶٶȣնڿݹǱž𣬽ݹһ˲䱻նһأ̫˫֮£ܿɢΡ
ͬʱڵñҲ˻֮˲˼Уȫɢ˼Ƶģһͷڵء
Ȼι죬вñҲѾɢܣ һ
Ȼһû׷ĹѨͻȻһ¡¡ľ죬ţվĵ濪ʼҡ
ͻĵ󣬰ŵþʧ룬תȾܡ
ץϵİСˣҲԶԶĹѨڡ
ܳûԶʱֹͣˡ
ͷһ𾪵ķĹѨϷɽ£ȻȫȥѶڳڸǡ
ȻĹһж




261¡н
 

Эʹ֮ɫǿޱȱƳĹĻֵɹĹ϶εƻˡ
ҲúźȻס˴࿱̽ĹһŬȫ׷ѡ
ЭͻȻ뵽ĹıﻹƳƷ
ߵĹǰһѳ׼Щϡ
ЭĶҲ˵Ŀ
ȥȡһŶʱͻȻ֡
ֻйŶʼۿɼٶڻһѲ֪ɳĶ
ѹŶڻɳ࣬ƺ¶Ⱥܸߣһ°ѱ۴ײ
˾֮࣬һԵĺͻȻӴӴĽʹ죬ƴɨԼȡ
ǿ̾ʹĶҲһɳࡣ
ȣѾ̵һƬɫƤһ飬¶ѪĽ⡣
Ұʹо˸Ͻȡļȹߣơ
Эһղ˽عŶǲǣ
źµɳ࣬ͺ͵ĹһҲ룬¶װĿ϶ҲǹŶ
Ҿһ޹ؽҪС⡣Ŭһ˿Ц⣬˵
Эʧҡҡͷȥоһд֡
һҲҷһ֮ɫ
ߵǰѱÿŵϵɳ࣬һɳ¶һĨɫʡ
ֿһ̽бһĴָС壬屻̳һֻɫʰ쵣ɷǺÿ
Ψûڻض쳣֮˿ȻĴǿ͸ۣȻɢŵ
һķ
ųɫԸϽ˹ѹˣ壬ĪǷ
ĿһۣΪС⣬ɲҿڽĹ
С˸ɫ䣬̿ȻǶŭ
˿ƣúƽϣƵİѽ
ЭΨһʣһŶߣҲҶһ䡣
ղһţڶе߲·ˣԿʯľ
պ֮С֮ǰ
ŷ֣һģȻиֵĵʿ֮ǰʱȫûע⵽
ʿ߲һᵽգɫ֣۾ŵ档
ȺʬʹģԼʵ
С˼ʶֶΣһ˿һĿڵǡңһ
ôĽʬɱİɣɳɥĲ֮£㣿ȵ
С˶ʱңг֮ɫ૰˵ǡţׯĴ񡭡
һȫȻ
ԭţׯʧٵ˿ڣȻаʿ˽ʬ
Ե飬ɶʦһ®ºӷ
СУȷʵ죡
ɫҲ׳ȥ˵˶УڽĹнɱǣΪ
ǡΪ˽塣СԽԽ͵˵
ˣСӦǶƽʬԦһаõ壬Ƴǿʱֲ֪캦Ķ¡
Ƭ̣ʵΪλᶮЩаѧ
ˣǿ϶ҲнˣСЩ΢ĩǴнѧСηηĻش
ԣжپ졣
ѵݽߵĵϣнĴڣ
֮ǰԪȲߣ֪νȦӣǽһȺɡ
С˿˵н磬϶캣ȦдĲͬ
˵һ㡣ĵ
С˴˸æ˵СǴӺʡǭɽõԦУҵλнˣһλߣѾȥ˵Ԧ֮н磬֮⣬һûߡ
꣬Ĳû뵽ϣνнڡ
֮ǰΪׯʦӵ΢ģֻõõĳЩȱ
ǰӯİСˣûٶϢҪʣȻޱȱץŰС˵죬׼һľһ
žһСײϴȫǾϣ˲
ųֶɱаʿȻе˻ǱһжԳľηֶ˼֡




262¡ص
 

ӷ𣬸лʩȥһ񣬾ĺλӵ®¶Գʩж¡ɶʦǰԳ񣬸м
ʦǣҲԳл
ЭоǣҲ֪ԼǰΪǿصȡ
Ȼ֮ǰ࿴Ҳǲ֪֮ЭżˣҲԳлѡ
ǻȥɡ
Ļ飬ȫͲ뿪ط
·˺ܿصţׯ
ɶʦʱҲˣΪѾ˵ҹĹ֮£֮˵زɾ
ʩ׼®£п²ιۣıԡ£ŹӭɶʦǾ˵
˴ǰţׯȻЩڽĹܹύһλĵõˣɶʦľø
¶һ˿΢ЦпյĻȥݷ®µġ
ĹʩĵɶʦĿ¶ϲʮ˵
֮λʦһڵӣϴͳȥˡ
ԵıǣĹص캣кȥ֡
˿ʰÿ̽װϸԵĽγţׯ
֮ǰǸؤѾʧˡ
һ·޻˵鶼ܳأŽĹֹ澭ʩչǿͨĳ
֪˶ãڿ캣Ϥĸ¥úȺԻ
Эо˱ͳˡ
˵һ仰лĹġ
Ժ̬ȣ˶ĽѣϾܵõôһǿĹϵԺ󵽳ӻʱ
ҲҲغˣԼ֮ǰı֣ожš
Эǿߺ԰ѳͻ庣һű֮Ĺȥ֡
صϤıоһ֮䣬
Ϊѳɵ޵ߣҲڽĹţʵ½һǡ
֪ϣжؽ䣬Ĺżɽף
ڲԸȥ̫ˡ
죬ڶ͸֧ȫ
һֱ߽ɵɳϣ˯
˯ߣõĵ˯УڷĬĬУԪָ
ټƣӣȻܵģҲȥصԵѧϰ
֪˯˶ãƣȥ˺ܶ࣬ԪҲָɡ
һͦͻȻ뵽ʲôӽĹõķ塣
Ư¡ɫѤӵ壬̺ȳ֮ǰõʯҪŨܶࡣ
ǲ֪кιЧʹ
ע΢΢ɢ׹֮⣬û仯
ڻдż顢󡢺˵ֺõԢ⡣
ʱ֪ʹ壬ðϣҲûʲô
ɫ糣ǻϲǰ˳˵ˣ
˫̥ŮЦݣҲ˺ܶ࣬΢Цŵͷ
ˣ֮ǰʱ򣬿ȥۣǸ̲͡ػ˵
ЦſڵллǣûˣһͰɡ
ٹɵĵͷ߽Ϊʢʢ
߽óֻѾûˣȸֻ磬֮ٳ͡
ʢͣΪ֮󣬳ֻһʮδӵ绰᰺Ƴδġ
һЦһûȥϰ࣬Ǿʹô绰
ţϢһ᰷ģôûȥϰࡣ
⼸Ƴһһ⣬ڶʼ˵شһУŵһա
ϳƷ쵤ûʲôȥر֪شһۼԪֳ֮Щϳŵĸ߲òѪ
ŶţܸܵƳεϲ͵֮ɫ
룬ֱ᰺Ƴηȥţ˵ԼֻеСµ飬Ϳȥϰࡣ
֮󣬺ܿõظ᰻صûʲô¾ͺãƳֳôòŻϢ
ˣݸ
ڶ˾ƳѾг칫ҵſڵ
һƳαɫ˷ܵĵȥǼŵ²Ʒꡣ
شǴûʲôõĵˣȥʱеЦãû칫ء
Ƴΰ˳һۣǲ֪ϳţִѹҵֵĹƣǲȥֳලĻǽܸ۶߰ɣ
˵꣬ҲܳԸԸ⣬˵




263¡Ͷ
 

֮ǰƷŵ꣬ĲƷѾȫ滻ϰװĻش
һ磬ϼŵĲƷѾ˿ͼ곤͵Աæˡ
ÿ˵ı鶼̵ģشҲõܶɡ
Ƴν곤æд
žĻشԤƺһȫꡣ곤Ц˵
ƳĵͷܺãѾǵҩ˾Ӱӵ㣬ƻشõĻԴ㡣
ǾͺáǾͺã곤ϲЦտ
ŵڶ๺شĹ˿֣ͣƺһЩڳүӰʮˮ׸ϡ
Щ԰ˮĹ˿ҲܿϳϲĽеҽǳҽ
΢΢һЦǴк
Ƴϸֺ֮ɫЩ˿;Ȼʶ֪ҽ
Ҫ֪ʱƳκͷhҪһ㣬ôߵûϾ
˹شĹ˿ֻ֪ͣشзǳȴ֪ĳࡣ
ҽĻشЧʵ̫ˣ
ǰһУȥ֮оԼ˺ö꣬ⲻִ򼸺У
ֱҳԹõĲƷһˣʲôϳŵ쵤洵ôһ飬ģ
ҽ츣˰̫лˣ
ˮ˿ôһ˵ƳҲԭЩǳ硣
˿Ҳԭˣǻشз˳
ʱϸּ֮ɫ׷׶ԳʾлֱҪѳˡ
ΪشĹЧʵ̫ˣڷˣǿ壬һŻشȥͼӰĲЧ
ҲƷһ캣иϼŵŵ꣬Ѿ˿̤ơ
ô˸лֻ΢ЦͷƳӣһ¾ͱϳˣߵҲû취
ƳοųЦӯӯĿ
ʵشֻзڶ൤棬Ͷ˵һְˡЦЦѹ˵
ųζЦݣƳĸ첲һǣһȫŵʹɣСһ£ˣôĵҽ
ǿҶطЩҩ䷽ִᣬҲϿơһ˵
ƳһûЦô˵úһòͱţðɡ
Ų㡣ЦЦý̫ࡣ
˵꣬ϳƷֻ꣬壬˵Աһ˿ͶûУſȸ
棬һװڲͣⲽ⼸վһԣû
һݣǸⲽˣ޼
⼸ְװŮǳƷĸ죬ϳŷֹ˾߲㡣
޼һǰ¶ܺáЦ߳Ʒꡣ
ȥϳƷ꣬ⲽ޼ӵһ绰֮󣬽üͷ⿪ˣɫٽꡣ
֮һ߲Ҳ߳ţ̳ݿڿȥ
һȺýģһ
ӿȥǸֻģȴеˣȫͷ죬Ǻ׵Ƥ۾ﲼѪ˿
긻ǰ޼Ǳһۣ˶޼ǻһĨյЦݡ
ţ긻ָϲƷ꣬ڶ߰еҲƷ꣬ϼзĲƷشȥ֮󣬾ͱӣҴӹ˽ҽβãϼǺڰȻĲƷˣ
ߵĿߣϲƷĹ˿ͺ͹̳·ˣ׷￴
λ긻Ĳ״˿Ƕһǵкܶ˻ûԹشȥĻ֢״ô
һʱ֮䣬вٴ㸶Ĺ˿ͣջԼǮ׼ɨֻ
Ƴû뵽ᷢ飬ü߳ţǵĻشָܻã
Ǹ˰ɣߣڶ˵ˣϼŻҽƱ𣿡긻ŭĿǣǿϼŵƷȥͲˣΪ캣еͷҵһĶûУоȻĺҵˮ֮а
˵ĭɣȻͳһѵݵǵǰȻǻشĹ¼
£ļҲ̲סˣ׷ָƳϼžȻĲƷӺ˿ͣɥ
£һҪȫҷϼſ˲Ʒóָܺߣ




264¡ٵĹ
 

ƳչæסԼɲ뱻ɺҵĸˣҪ˵Ӻͱֽǿƺϴ嶼ϴˡ
긻ֵʱ򣬳ѾòͣЦΧʦƳǰȵģ˿
Ļ̺߰һ˶ȥĵ׸ĪľηС
ǲףԼΪʲôẦͨ
긻Ҳŵú˼Ӧ󣬵۾еôףǲˣðϼŲĲƷܺĹ˿ͶߣǣһҪ˳ªĶб
Ļɿԣڳļ߶˵øߣ޲̷ܱʼ飬дҷϼŵű
ƳοųıӰһ˿ů⣬ҪǱʱסһŮӵЩҪˡ
ۿҪʼ㣬˵ǻûҪʵ˭֪˻شûг£ˣ᲻ԭ򣬵쳣
⡭
ǶʱʵˣǾ긻һѪߣһʱ֮£û˼ĻǷ©
ϼŵĻشѾһ죬󲿷˻ؼҺ϶̷ãôֱ죬ųһǰַأ
긻ô˵ȴǺңŭҾ֪ϼŻᷴңãȻˣҾֳ֤ǿشǺĲƷ
˵ţϲƷóһлش֮ȡһųȥ
ܿ죬긻ϵƤøӺףһӺ÷·ҪѪ˺񱻻𿾹һȥˡ
⻹û꣬긻ͻȻ鴤ŻŻ˼֮۵һ³һۻ֮ȻδĻش
һ˸ϽסڱǣŵϵĻشԾ졣
긻һٶ仯˶óǷûشģ
ҿ˰ɣ»شֲӦ״Ӷ񻯣긻ʮܵĿڣȫװġ
Ͼ˭Ż֢״ǳܡ
Ƴһ³ȥ
ѩó긻ָʹĨϼźͻشġ
긻ʵʵ֤ˣ»ش󣬻ŻЩӦ
ҽƳ޷⣬ѵشиã
ϳƷſڣ޼ϸֵЦݣЦˡ
ϵƲߣʵ̫ˣ
ոսӵģٴĵ绰˵ϻ쵤һг
޼һĻ
ʵǸ긻ǮˣϵĽָȵȣϳŽαװɸģͶ˵ϾһλƷ쾭顣
⣬ЩٵļƲ߳ɹ֮󣬾ͻΪ꣬͸ӡ
޼Ŀӵıݣ̲ס֡
ϵ֢״϶Ǳ¹ֽţŻ˲״ĳ⣬϶ʹ಻ܱݵôã޼ʵ̫ˣ֪ϴҵôԱ
ڶߣ·ǣѾȺ鼤ˣ׷׶ϲƷ
곤͵Աǿֳ棬ҳ±ĵı֣ǱΪ顣
ƳףۿţҪܿˣô˿ǣܼʱΣĻϼŵԻܵƻ
ڴʱȺֳһ·޼һڷֹ˾߲ߵǰһк쵤
ûûûˣϼŻشĺģҶúˣ޼ڣ΢Цһʮ׺͵ģϳе쵤ƶʡҩרз书ЧκһƷҪãȻۼ۲ͣô÷ģԵ÷ģ
˵꣬򿪰װУȡһ쵤ȥܿͱú棬ӵľȡ
˿쵤꣬װģ棬쵤ȷʵЧ˿ǶʱЩˡ
ȷʵҩרзƶʡ֪ҵϳУ쵤ĹЧǿ϶бϵģϵĴ׹ǰзĲƷƶʡ쵤Ϊҩϵµ֮书Чڴ
ϲƷһЩ˿ͣѾ»شӣȥ׼ȥϳƷ꿴
һĻƳļ٣ܾôĿ𣬹˿ʧ
ľ³½ǣ˵ҵϯҽʦ취
ͷһȻݵߵ긻֮ǰ




265¡Ʊ
 

ЦЦ񣬰긻е顣
㡢
ûҾβЦе˵
긻µĽеִ֣ﶮβ϶뺦ң
ô˵Ǹŭˣǰȥ긻ס
ֵٶȣޱȵĿ죬һ˲䣬Ѿһƴ긻ؿϡ
һƣ긻´ѳһƬƬڵϣ¶ͷ
һĻǶʱǰˡ
һƣ˶ס
긻ҲŵȫһȻ±֮⣬ûκˡ
ԭΪϲƷĴ֣Ӻ긻ڣҶ֪ʲôˡ
긻¶ӴݣƽĿڵϸ
˵꣬Ǵһƣһȴǰиմֻ΢΢һ£һѾ긻ϡ
ϸ΢Ķûһ˿ó긻ҲûоԼơ
Ȼʼֲ˼ı仯ֻһɫС룬ǰء˫۸ʮ˸֮ࡣ
˳ϵĹ仯ȫĿɿڴˡ
һ徹ȻôС룬ҿϣͬѰĺɫ·Ϳ˶ҩһ㡣
ֱֲ
긻ԼϵСԶҲ˲㵣֪ô쵽ġ
ǵøλߣ˵ʩˣ˭Ҳ޷γ룬긻Լ
ڣЩȴƽ⣬¶ǰ
긻֮ɫһ飬ͻȻеϼŵĴָ룬Ҫɱˣ
Цıݣ긻˼䣬ŲĿڵڳĸλѣ۾ܺãܿóЩ룬Լġ
ߺ·ǣղȷʵû֣긻ϾͻȻô롣
ȴûȥˡ
Ҷое㲻Ծ
ر˵Щ붼Ƕ룬ǰʾţ긻ϳֵĺ֢״Щпס
ۼԼװȣûã긻Ӿˣһ̣޴롣
ʩߣûԤϵͻΣҲû̸Ӧ֮
֪ʱʮ˸룬Ѿȫڵأ״һ˿˿ɫҺȥӶġ
ȫ֮긻Ƥȴۿɼٶȣ׽ˣ̶ʮ֮ڣ֢״ͱ֮ǰ˺ܶࡣ
仯ӡ֤˶ǵ׵ԭ
ڲóʾֳļҲˣ긻жģϼŵĻش
вƭĸоŭ˵⵽ô£һϼŵĺĲƷԭƭǣ
ûƭǣ϶Сڸʣ긻æֵЩĽⶾģڰȡ׾ͻˣŲС˵ʲô룡
ⷬ˵úӦ䣬üֱԥо긻ĻҲе
޼ԭΪƻ䣬û뵽ԱȻô飬ǲɵùһȡ
ƳΣòƽ˶ԷĹƣȴһأȴҪô죿
ڼִΪ긻塢ϼʱȴһƵ֮ɫ
ĿڣȻ˵ЩǶ룬ǵжĻǵĻشβٳһţԻ᲻ٴж
㵱ɵٳһţûĽⶾҲ군ˣߣҪӵҪϼŶϷͥǶһΣ긻»֧֣ʱ˵ʮ㡣
ߺ·Ƿ׷׸ͣóҪ긻ٳԻشͼı죬Ҫɱڡ
״ʲôҲû˵ӵȡлش򿪰װ֮˴㵵ĿУһһŵĳ»شͺԻһ
Լ߰˿֮󣬳ͣЦվţɨȫ
ôŻشȴһ¶ûУٴθеǳ졣
⵽ô£
߰˿Żشûж긻ȴǳ֮ȫ͵ж֢״ղֳһţŻˡ
ôҳô඼û£ͲԳһ£֤ϼŵĻشǶҩϾʵ
긻۽˼ߵ϶ǰ˽ҩû£ҿɲĹ
һ١ٶĽƱ磬е㲻ͷҡҡͷȡһŻش긻ͻûϵһ˲䣬ԼٶȰѻش
긻ȫû뵽һ֣ܿƵľͰѻش̽ȥˣʱʧɫ




266¡ı¶
 

ڳļǣҲֹĿ긻»ش˵ɫˡ
Ϊ긻ҪٴηŻ֢״ʱ˺һûеγ֡
෴ģ긻֮ǰΪж԰׵ɫɫ˺ܶ࣬ȥôˡ
ϵĺҲȫ˵Ӱ٣ʮ˸ףȫ޸һۼûС
붼룬϶ǳ»شЧ
ֱ̫ˣ
ֳۼ֤û뵽νĺĵҩȻ˲˼ĹЧֱɵһ
긻ϼĵҩ֮˵ƣ˿̣һΣɫһһף޵ˡ
쵤޼Ҳû뵽شĹЧȻ棬һȥͼӰЧ
ϳ쵤ĹЧ޼Ҳ֪÷ǳܱȵϻش
ңشֻԪһ쵤ֱޱȵ
ӣô˼֤شĹЧϵļƲ߷ǵʧܣϼ²Ʒ
ν͵ʴף˷۱
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˵꣬ĿϳƷꡣ
ʾǶɵӣȻóƳ˵Ĩϼŵľָ֣˭
⼸죬ϳƳ²ƷƶʡжǴ캣УֱӰѲƷ꿪ϲƷĶ棬ٲȻһҪϼŵĲƷгȫռļƣڡ
ˣΪ캣ͷҵϼţĶ֣Ǹոսеϳˡ
޼ʱĵҲˣǿ򶨵˵ϳŲмֹƣϼŲҪѪˣ
Ļǳ󣬵ȴһûУе˵ĸо
Щ꣬עҵս˶֪ϳϲøֹ򵹶֣ŽϳǶƶʡΪһߴҵ
ʱΪеļǣкܶĻѾжϣĨ¼ٷ֮ʮϳŸù
Ȳȥ޼ǿֲ̿ƭӣʵ¶롢ָʹĨϼŵˣ˭
ƭӱôһʣսսſھҪش
޼æڱһ£ƭӻͷȥ޼ݺݵһۡ
Сãȷƭӣϳġ
棬ϳŷֹ˾ĸ߲Ƕҡͷǵķֹ˾ܾôô
޼ȴܲˣֻҪƭӲ˵Ļʹô²⣬վҲ޷ﶨϳͷϡ
òסЦӱ˵ָʹˣǾһ˶ʱøң֪֪ʲôɱڣ
Ļƭ׹ߣ̲ס˸˼һ룬ͬ˳˵ɱڣпܷ
Ŀ־壬ƭʲôҲˣѿڽеϳŵָʹģ¶Ҳ
һԻȻ
ڳ֮ˣ˭û뵽ƶʡҩרϣȻʹ˴ı
ΪĨϼţʮ˸壬Σյ飬ǰЦʵ̫ĺˣ͵ƷǸȫ෴
һʱ֮䣬еš
ѾѳҴƣƭ˵ĻȫԤе⽫Ǻ䶯ƶʡĴţ
޼û뵽ƭ϶˳ˣܻɵƭӣȻﵽϳŵͷҪ̰ϳ𺦣군Ҹ㽲
ƭӱľ³׵ϳţͻȻܺڣΪһССϼţܱס
λϳŵ쵼вˣҪ캣ձͷһɫмߣԴǵ˵
캣ձ캣űֽƶʡСһǵͷǾζȫʡ֪ˡ
޼ʱɫѿĵ²Ǳһ֪ͨǼŵĹزλߺúùͨ飬ȫǸᣡ
߲õҲҰѻ˵̫ݣۼԼѾ޷ƽϢ¶ˣֻܾܲˡ
ĻȴüǾǣɵøӷŭ׷׶޼㣬׷˵ǲϳŵģһҷĨϼŵı




267¡ֱӷϵ
 

ôߵĳ޼˵ƿԣȫ޷
ǰһ֮󣬱㶼߶ȥҪڵһʱǿռͷȵ㡣
޼Щô뿪֪Ҫʲôֻּ׼ٵĵ绰
ʱǹһȣߵ޼ǰĿ
ʲô£޼ûɵһ⣬ֹͣ˲绰Ķ
һЦ׼٣
ô֪޼Ŀ¶죬Ҳװ˵
ϳţҽѧңҲûܸʮ˸ˡ
ߣû֤ݣֻǺҲ²ѣҪ֪ڮ³˶뻹ң޼в
һ뵽ϳźϳԳô¡
޼ĺٻô벻˵һΪϲϹΪһ޼֮ҹӰӶСӣģɼǵã
ʲô㡭޼𾪵ʶԼ˵©죬ǿסĵľ壬˶ҧ˵ʲô
Ŷ𣿡ЦЦĶ޼ûϵҲҪϡ
ߣҲûո㳶Ƥ޼ٺͳȥˣ˿̣ķ·һɽѹţƵü
ϣ֪ĵİӰӢСӣȫû֮ʱ𺧵һ϶˯ž
ʱô붼벻ͨôģϾֻһ飬ҰٷְûЯǹе
ôֻĸֳп˸
ӰӶŵǿֲ޼ֹһμʶĵСǰӰľӢܹסᰣɱС֮ˣж
Īĳ֣޼ѾʳѰû뵽׿ڸᵽ֮ҹǼ飡
ζţҪôֳҪô᰸
֮ǵǸ֣ҲǺͳһߵġ
Σյ޼޲̾Զ֮ڵѾ޷ٻðӰӶŵİֻܿϳòıӻ
޼תҪ뿪۵һ˿⣺ߣߵ𣿡
˵꣬µְָĵУ޼Ϯȥ
ϢУû޼֫Уֻ߳һ֮󣬾ͣ񾪿ֵĿԼ˫˫š
Ȼˣ
һ̣޼޷Կصˤڵأֽ̱ȫ޷͸̱һ
޼ĵ˲両޾Ŀ־;ѵԼ֫Ѿзˣ
ϳŷֹ˾ĸ߹ǣҲޱȵĿŵڵϵܾ֪ö˶˵ģΪʲôˤڵأҿˡ
˸Ͻ𣬾ʵܣôˣ
졢Ҽһҵֽţ޼ĺѾЪ˹
ɲͱɷһⱲӻŻʲô壿
߹æһ޼ֱۺ˫ȣֲûʲô쳣
£ǳɱˣֽŲûκˣôͻȻֲ̱һ
޼Ǽ鲻ʲôɫĪľţǳ鴤£ͻȻԹ֮ɫŭĿɵĶԲԣһ㣡
ֳô˿ţ˭Ҷʲô𣿡̯̯֣ʮ޹ĵ
ղŵĨ¼·˻ûɢȥֿ޼ͻȻ̱׷׸е棬Ǹû˭޼֡
ĻʾԼûκζ
޼ȴ϶ˣһμʱͱ񿴵ûСһа֮
µаҾԻ㸶ۣ޼ɫв
ЦЦɵĵҸʲôۣѵ㻹һӰӶŵСӣԸң
㣡޼ҧгݣȴɲҳϣ˵Ҳ֪ʲôӰ̽⿪аҸһ򣡡
ˣΪ֪вԳûãֻýǮ
һĴۣ޼Ȼۣܱ֫Ӵ˲зϣҪ
Įҡҡͷһ̫ˡ
Ҫ٣޼ǿŭʵ
һָ
һǧôȥ޼ҲƲסŭƿڴ
Цԣһڡ
޼һЩѪ
ȻǮҲֻдԼڵʲ󲿷ֶǲҵԶõֻֽǧҪóһҵˡ
թҲþƲ㣡޼ɫǺ죬˻
ȥҲ㣬ܼʲô




268¡ôģ
 

ŵ޼׵ľˡ
ǶԷµ֣ȴ޷ҳȷ֤ݵĸоܵķ·ؿڶ˼ըҩʱҪը
޼Ťɫȴ֮С
ֻԱ֮ʩˡ
ղƭѾ׿˵ҩרڱָʹ޼ȴܲϣ˵û֤ݣڳл˻ȥ
¡ˣֽκãȻòһڣóһǧ򣬾û⣡޼ƵĿڡ
񲻺κĵ𣿡
仰޼ʱһϣɫ䣬ҧǰҷ
߹ܲԣǰ޼·ŵϡ
޼ڵأһݵ̬˲С˹ŹһΣ
һ̣еϡӶҪˣֻϣԼֽţָܻ糣
Ϊϳ캣ҩֹ˾ܾϼŵľ֣˿ȴϼŵ˹·˼˾ԾûãղŻôţĨϼأ
ϼһŻشֻԪֱĲƷΧ۵ô뿴ĵҵ֮ܲԩǶվϼһߡ
ԭȥϳƷ쵤ģҲĵķˣϲƷĵŶ챻ƣ˿漷ȥֻһС
֮ȣϳƷ˹ʣܾ޼ڵأҪж
޼ſڵ͹һȴٿһۣתȥĵ˵ҪŹ𣿡
仰޼·̣ңͷ˽ŵס
ɫȻһֱں濴ϷƳȥ
޼ƳδнҲԳֶΣһθе档
㵽ôģ̱֫һƳգ鶯Ĵ۾ʵ
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¶һ˿صЦݣƳθˡ
ʵȻڽĹʱԪĴҲָɣ㹻ʩչ
ַ֪ж޼ľȴû˼ӱϸжϲʲôˡ
˼ʹ޼˾Ҳη塣
޼һǶͼı죬֮ҹҪʱϵ飬⵽޼¡
Ͻ죬ϳĨڻشһŭ֮£޼ֽţˣһϧ
֫зϣ˻Ҫʹ࣬ҳҲɱˣ˳ͷ޼
Ƴλʣȿڵǻؼܲ˵ɡ
˴̳صϼŴá
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ôˣѵܣ˵ƳüֱĶų
죬ͣǳ˵ҲҪѳܣٳ
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֣㲻Ҫ˵ֻСӶŵĹƭңƳ˫ֱأ͸ʣû˵
˵ĳߴ磬̲ס΢΢һͣȷʵܴ󣬺ˣ
ò˵ƳʵǸĥ˵С
ÿϰ࣬ҪƳ칫絽Ķ֪ԼĶܹάֶá
ʧ񣬶˫ƺŲÿĵطƳüһɫ糺ĵåڿﰡ
عɫеΣ㲻ǲҸղţ֤㿴
ˣåڣߣƳһڣĵȴɬˡ
һƽʱɢɢģûʲôȤżҲ¶ɫɫĿ⣬ΪĿ
룬;ˣǳĶͷ˾أǱå۸
ЩΣҲҽڣ֮ǰҲ˵ܿ·Ҹղڿ洩ĵʲôɫ
˻һƳһ㶣漴Ӧ͸ƻҧҪû뵽ô㣡
˵ţŷȭҪؿ
ƳһεεĴŮֲ֮ȭͷ޼ƣԵñ׾ɰ
һӣͰƳεķȭץסˣסİСȭͷ¶һ˿ϷʵЦݵҪ嶯ŮӼҶֶŵģ಻á
Ҫɱ㣡ɫǣƳεֱסȫ鲻ʱӣһ˫ˮס




269¡ˣ
 

ЦģȫƳεĵۣ·ЯħƵ˵õ죬ƣοգ36E
˵⼸֮Ƴγ׵ľˡ
Ϊģºͳߴ磬ȫ׼ȷ
ֱǲ˼顣
ƳÿǰվӣȷԼº㹻סɫŻš
ô͸£εģ
ʮӣƳβŻع˲ϼ˫գգߺ쵽˶ӡ
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С㣬Ҫ͵ɫǣ
ұҲȲ
Ƴ֨죬һ˫۵ֲͼӳѡ
Ȼ޼¡
ɹŴݵ΢ЦλС㷢йꡣ
ſңƳθղŷһѺݻ˿ȴȫκβ˳һ
һԼָǿ󣬾һֱ۸
͵˵ҷſ㣬ɲ
ģҲֻҵİ칫ҶѡƳζų޺޶
˵ˣεĵղ㲻ңôƭڲŶ֤㿴ַƢź򣡡
Ȼ˵źȻ˵ź򣡡Ƴһ˵飬Щˡ
һ۸˵ֱ׳ܺһ
ҳĻƳζţҲֻʷ棬ÿѧԽ͵ͨ
Ҫ˵ܿ£Ƴξ;ǳˣ϶һﲻ֪ʲôʱ͵£ȴѻƭ
뵽Ƴλعһͳһʱ䣬ʲôʱ¶׵ýģŦ۶һţôܻ߹⡣
գƳҲ벻ͨôģһ˵ô׼ߴ綼˵ˣ϶о
һôɫ
Ƴת֪˳˼ҿ϶ᴦȥ
Ƴβٷ쭣㻺ſ֡
ƳηĶҧӣջ֣ĵųȴûκζ
֪Լóû취뵽ĳְ취£ԺԼܴʲô·Ƕڼһǰͬ
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ߵģҲ̲סһ˿ȣЦһİɣֶΣƽõϵġ
ƽƳ˲ûô˵һʲôаֶΣ͵͵Һöˣ
˵꣬ԭ͸˫գָһƬ糺졣
ûУƳΣ̫ˣôˣҿԶ췢ģһΣ¡һ˵Ȼһֻƣһ׼ĵӡ
Ƴҧűݵ㻹˵ҲŲĹңǲǰұҲˣ
ۿԽ˵ԽˣѾЦˣȻǸˣҲ׵İۣƳΣǲǣҰƺ֢ʱҪµġ
أƳη˵һϣоԼȷʵͷˡ
ˣ͵ʲôûʼ磬Ŀڰ칫ء
仰Ƴŷȭ̲ס봷ȭ
ҧҧƳ߻Լİ칫¡
칫һݵĳĬ
ͻȻ뵽ʲôڵˣҵأûˡ
ûǺطѩԼҪȥ׳вμ
طѩޥģ˼ϸ壬ʱҪûĻ϶ᱻ֣һӰ顣
ƳκһСŽ졣
˵꣬ȡݸһֻԼؿڣ±Ƶġ
⸱ǰľٶȻʧЦӹ´ϡ
ˣȳȥˣϳٸĻ֪ͨҡ
ԤУϳžôưոݣһΣԻʹ񶾵Ĺơ
ƳĬĬ˵ͷ߳ȥиһ˿ɫ

ͬʱ޼̧ϳ캣ҩֹ˾߹̧ܰٵĶ칫
ô£ԭ裬źϢ٣޼̱һʱһվ
ϣ²ˣһֹ˾ɫ˵
ô˵ɫʱȥʵϷƣѵûгɹ
˶ҡҡͷţһ߹ܰ鶼˵һ顣
ٵɫ׺ˣǾŭ֮ɫû뵽ļƲ߷ǵûгɹĨϼţڶ캣ýߣĶƣ




270¡ɵ
 

ڼǿ϶ŷȥˣ˱ըԵţٶȻ󣬱Ͼʱ
ԽԽʢŭ˴μƲʧֱܻӰ쵽쵤ۣ˵ȫʧȥгˡ
ķʮڳɱ쵤ȴҪѪ޹飬Ϊߣǿҵһ
Ԫ󣬾װʧٺãҲ΢΢ŭ𾪣⣬ǻ
ϣȾңұСӣаֶŪ֫ŵɳϵ޼Ŀ
ٿһķֹ˾ܾغһ߹ȥ̽ơ
һ̽ٸ𺧵޼ֽŵľԼַжˣֶΣ֪Լ޷쵽
ң޷޸
˵Ǹôʩչаֶεģٳʵ
޼ҧгݵĵǲ֪СӲаţûҵ壬ҾͻȻ̱֫ˣҿ϶µ֣
û㣬ж˾жʱ𾪣𺳣ֶΣֻ뵽һֿܡ
Ǿŵʦпܸ˾
֮ǰپͼʶҩɱڵֶΣȷһ֡
ǳᣬжߣҲͻˮƽ𣬾Ϳ԰ɡ
Ǵ˴޼жϾپβţҲֻܰѳλ书ʦ
ټʮͲߴЩˣƣ߹ҩٶߵȦӣѰҪ֪֮ࡣ
һλʦ֪жôֲ
£ٵɫ׳ȥ
ϼӵһλʦǾͲ֮ˡ
Ҫϳŵȫ֮⡣
뵽پ绰֪ͨϳܲã飬߼ӡ
óֻһ㶼û˵Ը޼ĵ׾ŵʵϣܲȰκˣ
ûþȣˡٵĮĿһۣʼ绰Ҳȥ޼
ȻٵĻȴ·޼Ŀһ˲볹׵ľ˫Ŀͣɵһ
ҽ϶˵βˣܲ

°࣬صһű
ϳĨڻش飬ӱֽѾǵصı
ееǣϳһ춼ûʱӦԴʩе㲻ǵķ
ѵıƻ
ˮڣʱҲȥЩڿ£͡
ʱطѩ˵绰
Ҫȥ׳УμŶп𣿡
ȻпգȥѧУ㣿Ӧ
طѩЦ˵Ͼŵ㣬ǻѧУſڼϣ㵽ʱˡ
õģ˵
ˣܻ׳סһû𣿡طѩʵ
û⡣
Ҷϵ绰һп˰ݷá
֪ס庣һűģֻˡ
֮˹Ȼµһɡ
үãɹʺ
ɡ
ɳ£ɱЦү˴ǰݷã֡
˵ɣʲô¡Ҳīֱʵ
С˵ү֪캣ССк׳У֮䣬һСӣ̽򡣡
̽򣬵شн磬м飬뺷ԹϽĸжԸӹܣ˳̾켣ãĲҵ𡣡
ٷԸܣҺеĴУȻŹ⣬̽Ķҵÿ궼ʮڵǰ꣬Һ׳еĽᡢеĲçԼеΪɵͷѪ˲С
꣬鶨˶Ķʹַʽ̵ĹǶ߽ʤӮ̽һľӪȨֻӮһ֣һλӮƽֵ̡
Ķ棬Ѿ뵽㵺һλ޷棬˻Ứؽ캣еİ߿²ˣүΪҳ֡
һ˵꣬׵üĽŵĵȴش
Գʵλȭ˵ǶԳĲ
꣬ȴɫƽûһ˿ҳֿԣǿ̵Ҫһ롣
۽Ǻݺһ£үȻǸ˰˵ģҪȥһʮʮڡ
ȻʹϲģΪûгĻֻ뵽춨ݵİ䶨ȫûӮô˴䶷
ҿ϶Ҳ˶ڶĶҲǱ˵һˣһǮҲò




271¡ô㣿
 

ûаԥɱϲĿڵүԸ֣һȫû⣡
ͷʵ̽£ʲôʱʼ
ˣں죬ʱٹɹĻش
ʵص
̽Ӿ׳Ǽһһʼ̣ٺ٣ҲԼʲôˮƽôһ˿µģɵõŵ˵ǶеĲм
룬Ҫطѩȥ׳УҺܿҹһ˵׳̽ǻ׳йȥˡ
ɣ㵽ʱңҪͬѧȥ׳һˣԼٹȥ̽С֮󿪿ڵ
⣬үĲ𣿡Щľ
ֻǵͷҲΥ棬ֻܼͬʱС
үҰѽбȶľصдɡ˫̥ûȡֽʣд̽һַ
ӹ£
ɼѾ˵ˡ
ڶϣƳ˸٣֮ϵ캣ѧУſڡ
ֻطѩϵͬѧѾվʮѧһһŮλʦ
ʮѧǡŮ
Ƕһ˷ܣΪȥμܺطѩദĸȻҾһ㣬ûзǮطѩҲĴ氮Ľ
֮ǰѧ裬ɷȮķվУһ·֮ס
һߣŮʱȻòԶУطѩҲŮ
Ůվһ·ѧĿ⣬Ȼ󲿷Ͷطѩ
طѩһgucciƷƷװɫСһɫļף¼ãԵС磬ɫĶȹ¶޳Ĵȣһ˫ɫЬԼ󷽣ɷǺÿ
ֱطѩȥǹЦ⡣
ˡطѩһ˫ĿЦӯӯĿųϲ
ϵطѩ̬Ȼܣʱ⡣
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ҿӣҪطѩȥμӡ
ˡ
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ȻطѩĺѣϵãǺطѩֻͨͬѧ
Ǽʵҧгݣ˴ȥ׳Уǻصаٷ֮߰ʮİտԻطѩСӽ֣
ʦһﲻϵĲѡ֣ȥɴλʦڡ
һλʦɫǸҴ٣ƽʱ˲Ʒ׷طѩҲ֪飬õ
˼˵λͬѧҪȥ׳ԣȥμӱģȥ
ʦôأҵĳȥСطѩڣʦʱ޻˵
طѩ캣УϵѧʦǶΪأϵ˻椵ĸǱȲϵġ
ۼҾطѩұȷҪǮöࡣ
ֻʦȵǣκ׽طѩȻгͨôãʦԼĵ׶Ľ
ˣȻǷѩѣǾһȥɣʱ䲻ˣҿϳɣȥ׳г̿ҪСʱءһλŮʦк˵
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ǰ׳вμֻպùʦʮ
ԭطѩᣬҪŮͬѧڳҲҪĳطѩֻܴǸŮͬѧ˵Ǹ˿һ𣿡
ŮԽСںҲܼǱͷӦˣطѩͶȥ񣬰طѩһĨ糺졣
ƽʱطѩ⼸ŮͬѧϵͦãǶ֪طѩѧû̸ͻȻðһͨطѩ׽ŮͬѧȻ¹ϵⷽȥ
û飬طѩǴ򿪳ţȥóϸʻλ




272¡
 

ʮطѩͷ֮⣬ѧҾͨǴ캣ж飬˶ûп
طѩ˳ŮһֵٶıʱݣһһŮϵͶʦĳ
ȫϳ֮ʦĳͷ׳пȥ
·ϣطѩһ߿һߺʵ֮ǰһܳôû
ÿôԶĳҲ˵
طѩ΢΢һ죬㰡ôɢɢģҿˣҪҿһ·Ŷ
ðɣû⡣ЦЦ
ȥ׳ҪСʱĳطѩʱҪ־μӱ˳ȫһ·
Ů˵ĶԻطѩ˵Ȼӵһܳȫ¶ŵ顣
ȻҾͨ۹ɲѧЩͬѧǮЩûУ׾ܿó
ֱ۵жϱ׼һϴŵ·ǼֵǧӻĳЩû˵ӣһ¾ֱܷ
ϾŮԴŴƷװⷽ棬Ƿǳ˽ģϵŮ
˵ǿĵһۣ;϶ûʲôǮ벻طѩôѣҹϵôá
˵ӵһܳģθʵ̫͵ˡ
ѩ㻹ûλ˧ʶءһŮдƤЦ⣬ڵ
طѩ͸ںӾŮЦݣһ˿ˣӣϸ˵ֽгǸղŶǴĵѧϼʵϰ
ۣԭǳѧܽϼŹŮ佱һ䡣
ʵϣûϼϰ࣬ж˲ֻ㴵һ°ˡ
캣ѧ̫ˣûһȳģǼǮԼǿѧʱⶼ÷ˮ
еٮٮߣӪǧڵĲҵÿ룬мʮˡ
Ҳ벻ں΢΢һЦлл佱
ѧôͷѩʶϵأһŮʳ⡣
ϼϰܻ࣬طѩҪ֪캣ѧ׷ĸԴӽѧ¥ŶӵѧУſڡ
⣬룬˵ҸѩԵɡ
Ȼû˵˵һμ棬طѩ̸飬ȷʵǻԵɺ֮½ύġ
־طѩүүĽʯ˵ĹϵҲѼ
ȻЩ飬ûҪŮͬѧϸ˵ˡ
˵Եרעطѩ̲סͶ⣬۲ת̺һ˿Թ
Եôٳûϵأ
һȥ׳УطѩԼġ
ΪµУǵһôÿһΣô
طѩϣϼ˫գתͷȥ
Уò˼˰ɡһЦΪطѩԹǿУԲǴ
طѩͬμӱòǸ롣
طѩĲգüĿ续Ľëһ峺÷·ʳ˼̻ȴһɹǵֱͦǣ۷ۺӣһ̲סǷǡ
ÿοطѩľգ׵ʣĶĸо
ңطѩԸҲܺãƽ׽ˣûһ㸻ŮĽᣬҲˣΪ캣ѧͬĿеŮѡ
ÿ캣ѧУͶƱ뽻ŮͶƱطѩңңȡ
ϵŮûеõҪĴ𰸣˵ʲôԵ֣Ц
һҾϲԵΪŮӵֶΣڻôʰݽĴѧȷʵЧ
ŮУһѾѣҲƽƽ棬û
̸Ůӣ˵ҲȽϿţЦ˵ѧѵ׼Ե֣ǵشУ𣿡
ζеڿװǵ˼
طѩĵɬѣųںӾһۣ骣Ϲ˵ʲôѽ
ѵ˵𣿡骵ŮӣЦŨˣѩ㵽ڴˣû̸һͻȻһȥμΪǿʲô˼𣿡
ŮҲЦطѩüŪۣøˡ
骽ֿʵѧ㻹ûشҵأ椳ɱǺܸߵŶҵѳϴһʲôݵ֣һ㶼ԸΪһǮжţҶ׼˦ˣ




273¡ݽŮ
 

óЩ㱼ã͵еҲǼʶ˴еֽ֮󣬰˦ˡ
骵ʻһ˿ĵǮҪģϧԵ֣ϧǰˣ˲ŻӾ㡣
ѧǽ˵ٶ඼ģԵʲôֲܵԣᣬѲˣʲôҪһҹӣ򳵣ȱ˲̸ʲô˵ˣ˵ǲǣһ˵꣬ߵŮӣѰǵͬ
Ůӵͷ˵̫ˣڵϲŮ̸Ե̸֣룬һ㶼ף
΢΢ҡͷһÿɷ飬ٱ粵ˡ
骿ҡͷĶеˣ˵ôѧҪ׷ѩ֪֪ľж÷˵˼ûǧܣֻٶıʱݣ˼ҿ׳ǱߵĶ٣ϰֿʮҴưɣ¢׳еľưҵʮڡ
Ŷ𣿡Ϊ⡣
ƮƮһ°ˣѧʲôģѴٶϰѵʲôʱ÷ѩģ
˵庣һűҵʲ𣿡Ƶ˵
ڣ
һ仰Ů˲ЦѧţҲ̫ûˡ
Ȼ˵׼ֵڵ캣еһ˵ԼģҲЦ˵Ĵ
ֻطѩ˸ֱ𲻳ǲڿЦóݱһֱظУͻȻᵽ庣һű˵йϵ
˵ģǵпգȥıŶطѩڴĿڵ
˵ó¶ɫû뵽طѩˣ
ıǲŮƽʱŮװھͺˣҪǱطѩΪĳı̬ã
ɫûлشطѩĻŮ϶ڴţˡ
骳ŪЦѩ㲻ҪΪѳѧˣҲ˵һűҵģǿ϶ݷã
ڿЦ𣿡طѩе㲻ĵʵ
ðɣȻһʱ䣬ǰ绰ҡ뻹ǴӦˣֻһ˹
Ǿ˵طѩϲ֮ɫиǳڴ
һ뵽庣һűǳʲطѩʵԽԽˡ
ŮҲû뵽ĴӦһȥѵʱҸڣطѩѣ
βס֮ɫѩôţ㻹ˣԸ̫ҪƭתŶ
骣㲻Ҫ˵ȻĻҪˡطѩüɫе㲻ÿˡ
ȥ׳Уò״Ļᣬȴ˵ôطѩƽʱƢٺã˿Ҳвá
骼طѩѵ¶ɫ֪˵ֻùԹԱ͡
һ¿ڵε׳Уܼʶүųˣʱ׼ͬѧ飬
骣㲻𣬲ӦúǾ
Ů˵ôֱףЦ
Ǹղͬ骵ۣҲҸҴѣҲ֪طѩԷһ˼ûУΪԼδҸǻ뾡ȥ÷ĵģ˴ǺܺõĻᡣ
骺˵˵Ҫ˦ǸˣѴٲеİӡ
УŮ̲סͶȥӵĿ⡣
Ů˵ЦţطѩżҲļ䣬ĬȻ
һֱ˵طѩΪˣŵĿĵ֮ٴ˵ǸĻ
ӿһСʱ󣬵һվʻλϣطѩһ·
ò˵һοǧ򼶱ܣоǷǳģԦˬһҲĺڰʿ
һˬ˺ܶ࣬Ųȵڸ·Ϸ۵糸
쾫տĿطѩΪ֮̾û뵽ĳôã
Ԧãڸ·ϺһⳬԽһľ
طѩɵý߬סģһ복Ӿͷɳٹ·ײǰĳ
Ȼʼûпڣóһ㣬ΪԳһĪģų쭳Ầ
ϵŮܲˣŵɣ˿ֲĳ٣ֱ̫ˣ
ǵ·ֹͣ˺˫ץסڰ֣۾ٿǰ治ϱԽĳ




274¡ССͷ
 

ԭǰ濪űʱݵķѾ֪طѩͻȻô죬˲ͳԽıʱݣǰ۶ȥ
ܵһƵζҲһŲȾ׷ȥϵʱһ
ܿǾ֪ͻȻ٣϶Ϊ˳Խĳ
٣ͣں
ǶϵѧҺͷƽʱϵҲãһϵǰ쭳ҿĻطѩĳ
ͬΪʹͬһں׷
Ȼܿ죬ǲ˼֮ɫųԦɫᣬͺһɫ۳ңǰ
˳񣬼ֱǴ˵еĳ
ȻҲܲӿĴܸУ֪ԼôӣԶ޷׷ϳ
ڸ·쭳ǾԼЦΪһûܹƵصأôܸȥƴ
ݣСӼֱǸӣһ䣬ٽŻ
ŵСӲҪˣطѩĳô쭣һ㶼ǼλϵŮȫ
źɫ쭣ֱʧΪڣеĶǣŮǡ
һλʦѧҲĿɿڴĲ֪һ亹
ʵ̫ˣҵҲ̫ˣ·쭳ȷʵ
ʵȻúܿ죬ʼûг·٣ֻǿһٽ㣬˲ûΥʻ
ֻԽһĳ˾̫𺳣ȫ쭳Ĵ
ɫܲõһ߿һøʻֻطѩĵ绰
֮ͨŵߣڵطѩôСͣô죬Ҫǣ
ѣųطѩ˵꣬Ҷϵ绰
ʱЩˣطѩĻظʮֲˬؿһŻ汬
һֱ֮õŮУų
ԼȫôиǸͨ˵ĹϵǺõ빲ĵز
뵽Ҫըˣ
ȻǸٹ·뷢Ҳûֻܱš
һСʱ󣬳ȿ׳
׳ǣһʷƾõĳУŽųǽκ͹Ļǳ
͸ִ캣ȱȣж˼ʷĺϢ
ʼܼŻ˳١
ϣϵŮ˿ɫףͲ³ˡ
ǵһںų쭳ִ̼޷ݵġ
ۺӾ΢΢һЦǸոŮر骱һССͷ
ڸʻйϸ̼طѩ򶨣ȻɫҲеףȺŮıҪõöࡣ
ڷ٣ʵĳôôȥְҵ֣Զˡ
һһ㣬٩һ䣬ȴҲûн͡
ΪԿļգտ޷ó͵ͨġ
طѩ˳һۣЦ㻹ԿˣԺҵĳ쭳Ŷ
㲻ͦܿ쭳𣿡طѩͶȥһЦ
طѩ糺죬һڵܡɱ˵
˵ţһŷȴͨѵղһֱųˣ
ðɣǾ͵Ǻ˵ЦЦҲҴ
ղ쭳ʱȻûȥطѩı飬ȷʵоһֱڿš
һ£쭳ӣܿɡ
ǰӢվطѩǰҲܹ캣УעĿ˼
طѩָῪһǼƵǰ
طѩĴʦѾǰǼƵ궩ס޵ķ䡣
ͣó֮˴ӳ߳ŮڸоһЩûĿų
ѧҪǰҫҲÿôɣһڸٹ·ϣ˵ģ骾δĿڡ
ղžԼûײҲҪôĳˡ
ⲻû𣿡
㣡骶ʱڣֻܶԳɵۡ
Ҳмɫϵܵͬѧ׷ֺã컹ǵһμֲϧû˵
ߣΪУ;Լ˲ˣϧУֵܰ˿︹һ䣬ſƵȥ




275¡
 

طѩҲ˽ȥȵǰ̨ȥǼһ£ԤſȻһ¥ĹϢɳ£ȷǹ
طѩٶȱͱȷıʱݿö࣬٣ǰ˰Сʱ
ڣʦСҲƵͣ³֮󣬷ɫе߽Ƶһ¥ɨһȦϢ㾶ֱ˹ȥ
ճµģ쭳쭵úú˲𣿿ϧֻܿ˵ĳļ
һЦϧԶҲѩᡣ
𡭡ʱñ֣Ҫطѩкͬѧѳһˡ
طѩü΢㲻Ҫˣһڰʿأֻûѡ
ڰʿעϢȻܣֵǧ
طѩ׿˵ģҲţܿǧ򼶱ĳܡ
ԼҲֻ򼸰ĺѣһĳ˵һڰʿܣ˭ţ
Ҳǲ죬Ϊطѩ˵Ǻͷһȫš
Ҫճµһǧܣ᲻ҫطѩˡİ˵
λʦպܽæڵȥѶŽɣҪμӱˡ
ʦĻҪſڣͻȻеȵȣʦǶʲô䣿
Ƕ׼Ůʦش
׳вμȫѧУеʦҲҶǼƵĺ϶ᱻѧУ쵼
һʮˣ׼Ѿܲˡ
׼Ҵûס䣡м˵Ȼһӣҵǰ̨
ʦֻôѧͷһߵǰ̨ʲô
ȡһ̽𿨣žһǰ̨ϣԷԱȻ˵ǿͳ׷
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ʦطѩ֮⣬ȫ¶ĽϲɫΪ׳еĶ٣־°
μһѣֱӿͳ׷ƽʱסһǼƵı䶼ѵˣһסͳ׷Ļֱˬᣡ
һУմ˷ѴٵĹ⡣
ۼ骣ע⵽ڹ̨ϵŽ𿨣̲ס̾ʡǼƵ꣬ϷеVIP𿨰˵һȣǼƵѣ벻ѴҲһš
һ˵׷Žȥе֮ɫŨˡ
VIP𿨣ǳݵ
骵ĻɫΪˡ
ǰ̨ķԱϳŽ𿨣ҵǸ˵λү˼ǾƵͳ׷Ԥˡ
ʲôɫʱˣȻз׳˭֪ǷѼңϽ˰ͳ׷ˣøң
ܱǸԷѾȶˣĲ˷ԱٴαʾǸ⡣
ɫ䣬ŭ㵽ûг۾ģѵԷͷܱǷѼҴ󣿶ңҵVIPӵסȨҾҪסͳ׷øң
Աͷ͵͵ģȻûа˷ֻܼǸĺܲ˼үһҪסĻǰԤ
һסƨЩЦˣŭⷭӿ˷ǰɣҷѼҵӶһССķԱôˣҽȾ
ǣԵȡԱϽƵ꾭ĵ绰
ܿ죬һװԼʮӴӵ߳΢֣еơƶǣһƺЦеģһƵӡ
˾ȾߵǰЦʺѴ٣ǾƵˣӭӭ
ߣȣǾƵķԱԽԽţˣǷѼҶƲϣ԰סĶˣõߵ
ȾһæЦѴ٣ǷѼ׳ж壬һССǼƵ꣬ĸҵû̺ЩԱ۲ʶ̩ɽ
˵ţǰ̨ķԱݺôµģѴٵӶǲǣϽѴ
Ѵ٣Բ𣡡ԱϹͷ
ȾֶԷǸȻЦѴ٣ʲô󣬾ܸ˵Ϊٰ졣
ܼ򵥣ҿǾƵͳ׷ʩʩȻ˵
ĻȴȾ¶ɫڨڨһЦѴ٣ǶԲ𰡣ͳ׷˰ˡ




276¡Ƿһ
 

ȣǾƵ꾭ͲܽԤˣͳ׷øңɫĶȾ
ȾЦǸĵʵڱǸ˲ˡ
˵ţĶߵ˵һ֣ʱɫһ䣬֮ǰŵøɸɾ
ˣȻˣ͸ǿ׷ɡ
ȾͷõģԵȣ÷Աá
ܿ죬ԱͰ׼ɺ׷
طѩ뵽ϵЩסһ䷿Ҳߵ̨ǰ˵ԱҶ࿪һ׷ɡ
طѩҪһסһĻͺá˵
ˣǿסġطѩƽĵ
һ۽Ǻݺݳһ£ĵӿŨŨĶʺ֮顣
ճСӵ׸طѩʲôԻ˹Уһ׷
ҲԳͶȥʵĿ⣬̲ס˳һ١
ҪŮǮӶ
ܵЩĿ⣬·ûƵģЦЦ˵Ǿллˣѩ
طѩԳһЦЦٻģ
һܲˬſȥ
˷Ҳߵſڣһʵ٣ղǸƵ꾭˵ʲô
֪һθڵ˵
˵ͷһڴı飬ʦҲ֪Ⱦ׸˵ʲôͳ׷
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ѹص˵˵𣿡
˵֣뵹һ
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ӵʦѵλͬѧЦɲҿ
ǽǴԼϵѧμӱɲΪϵѧʲô⡣
Ͼסͳ׷棬ʱп¡
˻ûסͿʼˡ
ôţƣνӿڳҶ뱻ۡ
骸Ǳĵ˵٣ղڳϣѧ˵캣е庣һűķأڻţ˵ϴԽԽˣ
ϵʦѧǣʱԳӡܲãϲţƵˣƽʱûм컨׹ģǾǵһμˡ
ǿǵ̣֪ôҪԴ
ļ᣿طѩգ۾ڷϣ˵ġ
ҲţϲţҫԼˣ϶Ὺڰʿܳ԰ˡ
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һҶסˣϳֱġǡ֮ɫ
Ƕû뵽һﴵĵţȻô֪ֱԼˣ
Ȼ˵պյĽϴǷһʵ̫̫޼ɵ
طѩҲ¶ŵɫһֱų˵̫棬ì




277¡
 

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˶һǲΪΪֲĽϴ
ô֪ĴţƣҪǽϴͻȻŭ֮£Щ˺ܿܶᱻ۵
˶ԽµҪӣİЦȴȻǲžˡ
ߣװʱôĶ֪һ䣬߽Ѿ򿪵ĵݡ
˺һȥ׷źñֿտգȥˡ
һһ¥ӵʦ˵ˣڿȥչġ
ѧӦһȻ֮ͣǰλţϳطѩĳ׳չĿȥ
ʮӵ·̣СĿĵأΪչĺסǼƵ꣬׳ҵúܽ
һ߽չģѾǳ֣һ¥չó᳡
˴αʮѧϾٰ죬ϰϵѧμӣѧĲߣ󲿷Ѿ룬ܿҪʼ
캣ѧʦطѩǹȥ᳡ڴǼǣҲŽ᳡
ǰĻ᳡̨ϣûͲʼøλѡ֣ѧУԵλϣÿλӶһ걸Ļ滭ߡ
طѩҵλӣһ·߹ȥĿͶȻĶطѩ
ôһλü续ˮʤѩĴŮ᳡ѧݺݵľˡ
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ĸѧУŮ
ڶѧ׷ײ²ܿۼģطѩλӣҵ캣ѧУ滹
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᳡۷׷ףһƬȻ̨ϵ̲ס˼ʵҲ˳˵Ŀ⣬վطѩ˲ɴ۾˰ûЧ֮Ҳٺˡ
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ŮЩۣͺܲˬˣǵҲѧУŮƽʱ£ﻹûʼͱطѩױȥ
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ĵѵǲ֪׳УЩ𣿡
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Щͬѧٵı飬Цø⡣
˵μӴ˴С£ȫҪҪǱ׳ƣ°طѩĻġ
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Ҳǡҡҡͷ
ʦ΢΢üȻǲѡ֣ǿ϶ڨ캣Уˣĵǲѧ뿪᳡ôͬѧ
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طѩһЦһᾡġ
ڼʦڶͬѧƵĿ£ߵ᳡ڴ
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᳡ֻú첼߳᳡Ҳֳۿ
һͬۿģչοͣѧͬѧʦȵȡ
ʽʼ˸һ⣬ĸֵ⣺ɽˮ
ѧʼѸٹ˼Լ֣ܿ𻭱ʣʼ
طѩڻ滭츳ǳߣܿͻһɽˮͼ·ļʦƵƵͷ
λ캣У˳Ư滭ŻҲǳͣԱֳ󲿷ѧˮƽҪߵöࡣ
ܿ죬һֱˣʮѧѡʦţʼѧƷ֡
ڲѡֽŵĵȴУʮӹ󣬵һֽڳ




278¡һЦ
 

ڵһ־Ҫ̭ųɵѡ֣Բѡֶܽţ̭̫ˡ
۰Ͱ͵ĿùдµĽߵ̨ϣʼһߵ֡
ʮ꣬󲿷ѧ϶ʧ֮ɫܲĵվ
Щѧ֮ôʧΪĽܸߣһʮ飬ֱа򣬶ҵһƷԹҵչģЩ˵Ǻܸߵ
󲿷ѧǸʮԪĽǵջǺܴġ
캣ѧطѩŸ˶̭ˣҲʦҪվȥӰ쵽ʮλѡ֡
骵˱̭鶼̫ãöƷװױƷĽòˡ
ֻзһνӣֻŻڳеطѩĿ꣬ǵ΢ҪҪһ򱶡
ѧ֮ǰĹڼСˣڿųʣµʮλѡ֡
󲿷Ŀⶼͷһطѩϣ׷̾캣У滭ˮƽҲܸߣȻܹӱ
ѧѾǸѧУϵٮٮߣȻ֪ҪҪߵʵжѶȡ
طѩΧյλɫʮִݵȻԼģ˿е⡣
ۼ˻ûʼطѩعͷ̭ѧ͹ǿȥ
캣УĻһˣ㵹ǲɵÿôˡ
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Ȼܿ죬ǱʧˣֻҪϹӣܸܵطѩһͨϡ
ǳ
طѩ΢΢һЦñ׼Ŀ˵֣͡
طѩĿͣȻһЦ¶һŰıݣǳǳѣҪÿжÿ
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طѩһЦǰ˶ˣֻЦݣֻԳһţĽ֮ɫ޲ǸλãվԼ
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еվţЩĿⲻΪ⣬ʵǼ̫ˣһʼе㲻ڣǷĿֲɱˣǵȥˡ
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⸱ǰµҴƷϵķ羰ɶ칤Ļ滭ַɣĿɾͼߡ
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ƷԳۣҴƷϡģҲΪǧۣһֱûղؼߡ
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ȻվڿɳҿĻǱĻɵ÷Ц
ֲѧģ︽ӹţʦƷҲһܿöģ
ڼҲĻ׷ȥ漴¶ĵ顣
ǵ뷨ͺͷһ
븽ͷĻҲ䣬ͻȻ˫Ŀһѿڶǲǽ㵺½ʤ𣿡
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ʤôᣬͳΪ̣ͣϵѧͶȥݵ񣬺޲Ϊʦѧϰˡ
骵ȼŮҲ¶ۣȻһڽĸʤǲǮҪܰˣȫ˶Ρ




279¡ı
 

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뵽һȥǾΪʲôʤͻȻ㵺׳С
Ȼ㵺ͺƶʡڣҲר׳еչ档
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ŮӼǺ͸ʤʶĵû̫ˣҪҪǩ
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٣˭ʤ΢ʵ
м˵һ֪ߵغСӣ׷ѧУУǵ׳ˡ
߶ѧ˵Լʶ׳еĳнأʱ컨׹֪ʲôлӿڳҲԸţ˵
ԭĻش𣬸ʤѾԳʧȥȤ˵ᣬȴ΢΢һ漴ҡҡͷ




280¡һ
 

߶׳УҷѼҵĹ͡ʢ˵˵ղŶԸ߶Ǹ
ֻ¶һ飬ҪʤǸЦˡ
ֻûѣɱӣô÷⣿
λ߶ղŵķƱݣȷʵûʲô˲ġ˫ֲƽ˵
˻һʤɫ˲ȥ
־ʱǰζɵСӣȻƲķƼɣĸĸʤˣ
ҲԳͶȥӵĿ⣬һڴţߵʲôܴ
أǵŸ߶洵ţƤж
Цϴ󶼿Կϣʲô˲ģ
ֻǾ°ˣַƱݣֻܺŪһǡԾƵ˵
⸱ǣøʤؿڸһŭô˵Ƽˣ
ûʲôƼʵش

һЦҲЦѾһСϲԲѣȴһ汾¶ûС
ʤҲЦΪ϶֣һѵģû뵽ֻʿ֮죬Сӣ˵ױ˴ģ֪𣿡
Ҷһѣ԰˵
ôһ˵˶һ㶡
ղ˵ԼƼھȻҺ͸߶ȶǶɳǲǾˣ
һƼûУʲôʸ͸߶һѣ޼ɵĳң϶òǮ߶һζľֶϰģҪ𣿡
ʤҲǰǰ٩Сӣȷʵûֵʸ
ЦЦɵĵǷᣬôԶأҼȻģȻжʣͿ߶ҲҴӦˡ
ʤһ±Цˣľ֣û˸˵ҲҶģ㵺ϵĶҲܺ˵
Ķ٣£ûȤʤ΢΢ףм˵
мİǻ߶㲻øС˷ʱ䣬һ鶼ò
ҲͬĻ翴ûʲôǮˡ
Щ˱ĵĿ⣬ȻǧµĶľ֣ҲûȤ
˵ʲôŵʵ
Ҳ񿴰׳һųһﴵţԽԽûˡ
ǲҶģȴװÿʵĶľһ
СӣǲңʤŭˣĶų
Ƣɲô˹ġһֶ֮ˣʤ˫ֹۣ²УӴҲơ
ʤŭ𣬳·ûƵģɫݵ˵ҴӲǲˡ
˵꣬ȡԼֻһǹһӶ
˶һһ˲䲻ɵõɴ۾
Ȼһֵһǧ˰򳬼ܳĶ
Уķţȣȷ캣ǹ󣬶ϢҲû١
ֵӶϵǧܣȻĺڰʿ
ܣһ¾˳û뵽캣еһȻˣ
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޷ţҲ޷ţ骶ľˡ
ʤɫòû뵽ȻӵһֵǧĳܣǸεĳ
ǧܵģһˡ
ôڰʿע߶һˣЦЦĿڡ
⡭ȻԣֻԼҪˣһҶĶͲ÷ڡʤ̰ĿųֻϵĳܶĿƵ˵
һЦµʱ򷴻ڵ㡣
˿Ŀøʤŭȣݺ㵺ĳ꣬ôױּŭʧȥǣ˵ǾһΪ
ǣû뵽Ҫ͸߶ǧ򼶱Ķľֱ֣Ҫװͳǧܰ
ǮҲôܵģȻѾСƳңҲûôɵǮˡ
ղŵıݵһֶʤĶ
ʤǻŵЦ⣬ԭΪСʲộòܵġ
ڣҪ÷ƶĶǸʤľپְʤ
ˣʤԥĴӦˣܺãǸԴӷȡƣͬ˳ɸҶģ
Ȼû⣬ֻһֵĶʣҪǧ򡣡ɫȻıһ֡
ǧ򣿡ʤʱüͷܣҲͼֵһǧ˰ѡ




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Ľ͵ڰʿȫѾ޷򵽣óȥĻ۸뷭һ
Ҳǧ򡣡ʤ
˵ּĳܣòʣµĶô㣬ܲóǧһģ
ߣ㵺ҾӮһڽ˵òǧЦʤ˵ţȡһźڽ𿨣ǧϧûߡ
ܺãǾͿʼɡЦЦƽԼʼǧģûһ˿š˷֮ɫ
һԵķ۽ǳ鴤˼£ͻȻڵȵȣҪע
ŶôעһνĿ˵
ƵĿųҪ߶עһǧҲҽӣ
һĶľ֣Ȼվڸʤߣûݺóһʡ
ԣǾǧɡ۶գһ£ˬĴӦˣֿ骵ˣҪҪע
ǧ򼶱Ķľ֣ЩͨĴѧǲ˼͵ģ뵽߶Ѻע׬⣬ǶԾԾԡ
ôһʣ񼤽Ƶģ骵һڵҼ飡
骴ѧһѣȫóѺעȻеţ뵽Ӯɫüڴ
ͷҲ׷׿ڣٵһ򣬶򣬿˵ѪˣȻǧȲֵһᡣ
ȫ֮󣬱ҪʼĶľ֡
骵˶ŸʤǸ˿ƣ֪Ӯ£ǲš
رǷһǧȫʲһǳøѧУ⡢ҵͷԵģһԪˡ
ʤƽľԼ״̬ͻȻ˵ʼˣ
һһ˿ȫɵУŮɢһ֣ǸʤĶž
˿𵽿еʱ򣬿ƾ賬ǿļ˲ÿһƵλú㣬ȡƣռȻ˸޷֮ȡ
ۿʮ˿ƮɢڿУʤ߰Ŀ˶ĳһۡ
ƣҲ壬ֶʧ񣬶ģǻ᷽ңδսȰܡ
ţʤˣ޳ָΪĶ׹Ӿھƶ˹幹ʺӾ
Լʤǧڰ⿴һֻӵķй켣ⶼڶĲĳǿ츳ҲΪ㵺Ķ
ʤϺޱŵЦ⣬еһֻA̽ȥ
Ҫͬ˳Լڲ֮ء
ۼҪ֣ͻȻ֮䣬ʤָAǧ֮һʱ࣬ƫƫóơ
ܣʤͫȻһĲŵĽе
ûֻĶ֣һܾ׼ֱȡľҪһơ
ֿɵõĺAֺ֮䣬ѾԶ룬ʤĿõС
ңֹϷʵЦ⣬ͺ֮ǰݷʱһģһ
ʤеŭ𱻵ըˣ
죬𾪣ŭ֮ɫһһ֡
ŵһƣ˲оԼǰδеĵ֡
ȻʤһɣǿʣҪһԸųãҲϳƼǿ
˶ԵһƵᣬֻڵʯ֮䣬˻û壬ͼѾõơ
ֻѺAԼû֪õʲôơ
ߣôȡƣ϶ʲôƣ˵
е˿ƣеĺһŶûҵͲųһ֮õơ
Ҳ÷Ļеʱ˺ܶ࣬øʤӮˡ
ֻиʤɫԥʮ˿еĺKȡȥ
ȻѾõAʤ;Բõͬ˳Լذɡ
һΣʤָ졢ݣͶѹ׾ֻҪֺƣһ֣ͻᱻȥδʧ֡
˵ʤߣƿس̶ȣȰ߻Ҫ
K̽ʤһ˿⣬絶ֻȥ
һ̣ûгָʤ֮еΣûбˣԼƣͬʹѣ˲˻
ɵõ˵ڶơ
ʤһֱ³ȥɳȡƣҪװǧˣ
ۿųƣQ̽ȥʤͻȻһĨЦ⡣
һΣûкͳQ̽J
һ֣QѱõʤǰúJԼٶȣҲJ̽ȥ




282¡ʤ
 

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Ŀ꣬źJͬ˳ĵƣ10
JֻУֵͬʱʤһָֻ֣ף10ȥ
˻һ10ߣΪһŷơ
˴ζľ֣ûƶϸ˸ʤֱƻ˿ƣҲһʤֶΡ
û뵽һ֣е졣
10Ϊƣζ޷ǿͬ˳ôɺAεͬ˳档
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ңǰԼ棬õһģֻҪȫƻһɫ޷κͬ˳ô
ȻôøʤʼʩһЦͻȻͷųһƬ
һ˲֮䣬аȶ켣Ʈ˿ƣ״ҷλǸʤĶ֣Ҳ޷һʱ¶λÿһơ
ʤʱ֮ɫֶΣֱ˼飬ԼǾ޷õðƮʮ˿ƣͬʱҷλġ
Ҫ˿Ƽǿƿ
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棬骵˾Ѿ
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ʤعҧҧ޺޵ıһ֡
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һԵķûôˣĿͶҧгݵĵ㼱ʲôһȥ֮ٸǮпھƵ귿
㲻˰ɣѴүһЦ
ʱ߳ŭôˣǷѼң
Ŷ˾СĿǣ÷
ʵ治׼һǧ׳пʱһ˽ѵһ³С֪Ѷ˾С
ң˳ڰʿܣԺͻȻһӰѱڴн£ֶζа취Ūڰʿ
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ҴȻصƵٿЩˣǲƤô
ʤ֮ǰһȴһСӣѾûɫ뿪ˡ
ڴʱ᳡Ǳߣ궯ƺѾ˽
ٿһķǣ᳡ȥ




283¡ϲ
 

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վԭλãطѩܿͿ
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طѩҲСŮȻЦҵƷȻȲݵƷˡ
㻭úܺãƷһҫ۵ĻЦĿ޵
طѩô˵·۽Ƶģۣϲޡ
ܵĶԻΧڶ۲ѣƾʲôСӣܵõ캣У
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طѩһĻǰפ͡
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ߵǰҲһ˹ȥȻ׷׷̾
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ŷͬѰĺڽ𿨣۾Ҫɳˣѵǧ




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ݳŲŵĽӹźڽ𿨣ʵ㲻ڿЦɣ
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Ҳһ棬óˢ֮󣬹ȻʾǧҵĽ
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ǺǣղһѶľ֣һǧ򡣡Ŀ˵һǧ˵úһǧƵģһ㶼ûӮǮĿϲ֮ɫ




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287¡칦
 

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288¡ѱ
 

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290¡һ
 

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ǹ˵ǲǾŮӣԼˡطѩ˼ңĿС¹ײͨͨĸоࡣ
طѩٳûдӦҲʶʲôӲ˰ɣȻʧЦֻǾҾƵͳ׷ܲһشԿҹ㲻ԸסĻˡ
ǵģҡطѩ΢΢ͷɫߣһԷȭؿڣŬƽľ󣬲̧ͷЦٻĵðɣԸסͳ׷ɲ۸Ŷ
ȿȣҿ˾ӣֲʲôˡЦеĵ
仰طѩɬˣģǳţҲһ˿ڴڴŽһõҹ
߽ݣܿ쵽˺׷¥㣬ʦǶ߳ȥֻطѩͳڵ
ʱʮ˫۾¶졢Ľ֮ɫطѩ
ڣǲó䲻طѩǾܵõˣطѩˣ
һݵλǿޱȡ书ˣһеĶǧС㣬϶Ҫöࡣ
۵Ŀ⵱УŹϣطѩ͸ͳһƵ궥ͳ׷




292¡Ҳȥϴ
 

ͳ׷ɳϣЦʵ۲ۣ۵ĻϢɡ
Ǻۡطѩһ˫ȣһ˿źͼ˶٣ʵôʶᣬ㻹ܹƺʲôˣ
¡˵ЦЦ׼ܹȥ
طѩҲܰԼӵзͨɱ˵
طѩȴü΢ĵļʵֻ˽㣬Ĳ˵𣿡
ӣЦеΣѩ͵ְָɣȡ߽ôҡ
𡭡طѩĵ
׷ˣֻҪаˣİ
תƻĵȥϴ衣
šطѩŵӦ
Ȼ֪ȥϴ裬ûб˼˲٣ߺ졣
ûȥԡҳֱ֮ӹԡ¶ʵ
طѩǵһοʱĴߣӶˣֹסķ
йŮһңţطѩеʵ̫ˡ
ҲʶԼƺеˣæִ£űΡ
طѩϷƵģͻȻ뵽ʲôڵҵİ棬ȥһ¡
˵꣬㿪˳ȥ
΢Цҡҡͷòһ£Ͱطѩŵò˰ɣ
ɳϣһطѩˡ
ȥ·ȥģϾϴ裬ֻһԡͳ
һۣʵҲȥϴɣ
һĻطѩֻҵͷҿڻӦԼ˵ġ
ȡ·ҽԡ֮طѩҲʼϴ衣
ԡˮ𣬳еǷǣֳʵ˲òĳЩ롣
ңطѩǸ绨ĴŮĸܹһҲģ
Ȼ֮ˣ˿ͷҲһ˿ȣľƽ
ԡطѩŲѣҪǳͻȻô죿
һ룬漴ݸһЦûʲô飬Լǲǰ̫ˣԼǱʶôϣģ
ҵطѩʼһϴԡһߴԡʩתע
ܿ죬ע⵽ǽһɫİťťб־طѩȴʲôġ
ʹ֮£طѩһť
ͻȻ֮䣬ԡҵǽ˲͸
ԭԡҵǽڣĳֲģ͸̶ȣǽϵİťͿԿǷȫ͸͸ȫ
ǾƵõһȤʽΪסͳ׷ĻǴһЩŮ˽֣ɿ͸ԡҿԸĳָйϵĴ̼
Ȼ仯ȴطѩߴ󼱣ת͸ԡҲǽͿԿĳɳϣ
طѩ˿̲Ƭƣ̲סһ
лãûзԡұ͸ˡ
һУΪطѩʲô£תȥһ֮£ӺȻһֻойڱҴܣǼѪҪˣ
ǰĳʵ̫̼̫ջ
û뵽ֱӿطѩ覵ѩ׽һʱ֮䣬ȫס
һ˫۾ֱĶطѩߵȫ췢ȣĽеתȥ
ŻعתȻԺطѩǰ˵ȴ֮ȥ˭֮󣬾͹Ŀأʲô岿λǵһˡ
طѩǿ⣬תȥǽŰťѰŹر͸ǽİť˺ü룬ûιرա
İǼƵְ꣬ť˵ûã˿һͷˮⲻ֪Ƶǹģÿ˲;ϲ
һ뵽⣬ʱתٿطѩܲˣ㰴һťŲǽ̹رá
ȻһΰȥЧطѩᣡ
ڰȥ˲䣬ԡͻȻˮˮˮԡңطѩӱϳˢˮǿȲ󣬲ڶΣ
طѩǽϵûôˣȫˮʪ͸Ǹ߼ϵԡûбֻմһЩˮΡ
ԡĶֱˣֳʲô£ٴת̲סһˮֻطѩ𪽿۵񱳣ˮͣˢţһĻ߳ó۸
ѩҪҪҰصȻʵ
طѩ߼ĽеҪ




293¡
 

˿̣طѩӣǱôܻóæ
ֻΣأȴûתȥˣطѩôε顣
طѩ߼ңŰťϺҰ£Ȼôʹ͸ǽûйرգˮҴܣóЩЦ
˺ö¶ûЧطѩע⵽ǽһƺʾŰťȫʧˣ
ƣطѩ׾û뵽ǼƵ豸ô𻵣ֱǶ̰
Ҳүڹ׽Ūڳǰ
ڣطѩĺް취ˣҧӣ޵Ŀڵܹܲһ£
Ȼťʧ飬ʱǲܽйԱģҲֻгܰﵽˡ
ȻʧЦ˹
طѩȡʪ͸·סԼӣԥһ´ԡţųҿŶ
ģղͿˡζƵЦݣطѩߵ̲סۣ˳һ£
תˮȫ޷ӽ壬ҲͲᱻʪߵŰť֮ǰͣ£һ۲죬֪ťѾʧ顣
רҵάԱҲ޲ߣܲתɺԣˮסܰطѩɵ
ɨһ£ȡ¸߼ϻûܵԡңתطѩ˵ǳȥɣԡˡ
طѩʱ㶯һ¶ᴺйվԭʮԥһ
ȳȥֻתٿ
طѩŲ㣬߳ԡң֪ȥ󣬵ԡҲ˳ȥطѩϡ
طѩҲ˲òùˮεˣֱӹԡߵɳ¡
Ҳ˳ԡţˮŰ
ɳǰһ
ֻطѩһͷʪĺڳ㷢ϣ֬ļΪ߶ŷۺɫۿˣüĿǽߣһ㲻ȥ
ΪջǣĽֻһԡס˵Ĳλ·ҪԡʱҪ䣬޳񾱡֮϶һƬۺ֮ɫһ˳ԡ
ӸµĿȥֱӿǾɫķ羰ѵһĭͷһƬȡ
һֱվţطѩ̧ͷȥǻȵĿ⣬ߵҸضȥˣͬʱȴĸһ˿ϲԼòģԳǺջġ
ҡȥͷطѩæɳվǽϹŵĴ
ѹԺҴܵаɳϡ
ʮӺطѩͷɣﲨתĿų˿Ҫ߻ɳ£Ҳһԥ顣
ҧ±ݣطѩɳȥ
ղԡˮطѩʪӳģʱذвˮ飬·ʪʪ
طѩŽѾ֮£ڼߵɳʱͻȻһҪˣ
һʱվתȥֻоһ޹ǵĽֱ˽ĻС
Ĵ˱ǶһȻǾ޵طѩ
һطѩҲʼϲԭͱȻļѵԡ˿ڹסˣϻ
ֻоԼطѩĳĵط˫Ŀԣһʱ֮䣬ȫסˡ

һ춯صļͳ׷Ӵ·ܴһ㡣
طѩһæɿԼ˫֡
طѩûվȣȻûгסĽɳϣʮ㣬ջ
һĻȫ¶аȼ飬Ӷ΢΢ҪƲסԼˣ
ԵĿ⣬طѩǺߡǾţĵܰҰԡù𣿡
طѩĻó侲һ㣬ǿѹа𣬴ӵذϼԡݸطѩ
¹ԡطѩŰһղųе£ĵĳܲסǿĳЩ飬ϾԳ֣Ҫ㶨һŮǻ
ԲҲǹġ¶һǸȻЦ⣬˫ֻиղŵĴУָ˻ζ
طѩҧӣûϵԼСĻˡ
ȿȣǿӰɡΪ˱Σң˵ӻ
Ļȥ˭ҲûϵӴ򿪵ĵһ棬ȻڲŶ孶Ƭ
ӾĻ棬ǹǰĽóĵ˲һŻ棡
ǼƵֱ̫ˣڹﰡ
طѩǵһοƬӣֻǿ룬ʹߺ쵽񾱣˫æס۾ٿ




294¡СӲѡ
 

˼󣬸ϽصӻѾڿǣǲҪȥҾƵ꾭Ͷˣͳ׷øʲôƵģüζƲס
ߵĿ˶ûޱ߳ܵ󣬲Ÿ˫֡
˼û뵽ӻȻֻ档ڨڨĵǸ
طѩС־ԡ˿յģޱȣ˳Ļ˵㣬ϸס˷ŵģԱǼˡ
˵öԣҿܾܿǽǼһŵģ֮ǰʱ򣬽§ŸС椣һҵһĽ͡
ȻӻôԼԵ޹ʲƬء
طѩһû˵նʱĬ
Ҳе㲻Ȼţ۽⿴طѩľԼῴɷİȻģֿʼе
طѩŮѣ˿̿϶̲סֱӽɳϰˡ
طѩԡԽԽƺԥʲô֪˶ãüߣޱȵĵ롭Ůѣ
û뵽طѩĬôãڵһ仰ȻǸף
ֱ̫֮ˣ
Ȼһϵ飬ѾԼоطѩˡ
Ҫ˶ׯֵУףǱȵ컹ѵ顣
ȻطѩеĿˣ˵֮һ˫ֱֱųޣֻųĻش
ĲЦȻطѩĶ֮ǰѾӦᰣԽ
⻹Уhˣδˣδ϶չҵ׷󣻶õĳҲȫŲ¡
Ѷϵˣ˿طѩĸףҲԥ
Դӵõаҽ֮󣬳;ԼһõŮҲЩƷŮеĶ
ϣΪΨһߣףѾӵ˿Բѡʵ
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ôҺθɣ
һ룬˲ͷͨһзԥȫҷ
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طѩֺΣ漴ĵʵΪʲô㲻ңѵΪǸƳεŮϲ
ʵеȻ
ʵϣȻĵ׶Ƴй鶯ϵ᰺ͷhŮǾ֡
طѩȴǲ֪ˣҪǱ֪Ļֲ֪θ룿
һ˼֮󣬳Ǿ˵ʵ飺ѩ˵Ǽŵܲ𣿡
Ȼ˵һǵıɽŮطѩ˵ţͻȻ־֮ɫòһ˰ɣ
ǿɾǰ칫ˡ
طѩȻţܿ־úܺ쳬ˣŮܲöҲǺġ
뵽ǸŮᰣòԲ֮£Ůǿ˼ģطѩ˲еѹɽ
΢΢һЦҺͱᰲʽˣֻںҳԽ
ʲôгԽطѩʵ
ĵĽ͵캮֢ˣͨҽ׽Ĳ
ô˵㲻ĵģطѩԣ˫ĿһоԼĻˡ
ЦŮӵ˼Ѳ£رŮҲ֪ᰵ⡣
ȻǻûʽҾͿĺԼȱ᰽Ŷطѩţ仰սҲǸԼʵĵ׻ûףҪŮܲˡ
˵仰طѩһƬߣʵ̫ˣ֪Լ¸ҸףҪ᰾Ǿղű岿λ֮󣬳׷ſ˰ɡ
ҲطѩĻˣ⻹ƽʱǸֵŵУ
ѩʵ˵һŮӡ˵оеˡ
᰺ͷhѾȡˣּһطѩͷͨȫҪҲֲסŮһ̨Ϸ
طѩԹֵҧ촽Ů׷㣿޸ǳ˵ɣһŮ˭
ǡǴǷhʵ
طѩˣû뵽ǸȫĵĴǸַhȻҲ׷ֱ̫˼ˣ
hòطѩѾڵϿhĸ裬֪ţôûеġ




295¡վ
 

أطѩûˣΪhʵ̫âɣ뾺ܾùģ캣Уӵ˿Ůǰʲôǡ
㵽ôʶǷhġطѩдһ˿ʺʧ䣬ʵ
˵ˡ̾شǹغܣ˵Ҳûʲô˶˶ֿڵ꣬ҺͷhǸͬҲҵĳˣбҵ֮ǰǷˣʱ䶼ûϵһΣֱΪǣֻ캣ҡ
ԭhĳ˰طѩеģ޾ĽΪʲôһϳĲء
ҿɼжѾһĵĴǷhԳδˣطѩеˡ
һμûôף˵û᰺ͷhλŮľ
طѩգ˵ѩҺܱǸhΪҵĳˣ޷ĸ飻ᰣѾӦԽˡûҪǿԼ
ƫҪǿطѩ̧ᶨĿųɫʮ־ǿʶ˼֣϶עˣȻѾڸף;ȴһġ
һƬжͿЦԴ˿̵طѩǳϧܰί
ѩллҵĺ񰮣ֻǾ㻹û̸ˡ˵
طѩһҡҡͷȻһЦҲˣºڣң᰺ͷhûȷϵɣһǣǲһԵĻҲġ
ĻóҲ޷粵ˣ˼ᶨǿŮ֪Լ޷ܾġ
¶֮طѩľ࣬Ƶ˵ʵĲžƳҲǸĴŮûһϵ𣿡
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طѩ˳һۣ񿴰׳һ˵ӣ㻹̸أƳξǺֲ⣬νǰҿ϶Ҳϲ㡣
ܰɣϰһûƾһ仰ܶ϶𣿡еЦá
طѩϣûĵվ飬֪ɣѾƳνһڶʯڵʱʱҾͿóһ㡣
Ů˹۲̫ˣҪƳĿңһͷƢŹֵģǽҸӻʱʱһ£ҪȢԺûӹԹ˵¿ˮ
طѩ̲ס˳ĸ첲һ£Цôо㻹еӣദˣҪߣܱ᰽ͷhûԤϵ·ɱҧء
˵꣬طѩЦҹԳڲάˡ
ζţطѩԳѾȫԼķ׷ſ
طѩЦ쳱΢Σվϼ⵴ˣ鶯ЦУʲô˵ȥˡ
ߣҪСҵ۹ŶƳνԿˣڼҾĸŮȥʡ®ݷˣʷ棬ϱӵ˶ٸطѩЦ˵
һطѩ㷢ĵ˵ϣ㲻ҪǿԼΪҶˡ
һֱȰطѩϾһҽõǧС㣬϶׵ĹŮӾǷǳĿ顣
ȻطѩȥЩˣĿųĵ֪϶ܵŮǿˣҲ޷ջˣҲΪΨһֻϣŬһλá
˵꣬طѩһְؿڴԡһֳɳϾ˹
ٶɵôסˡ
ţطѩһԽ㻬Ĵֱֱ꣬ӡ˳촽
Уڶǣó鶯֮£ҲƲסˣ˫ְסطѩ磬ҵĻӦ
طѩû̸Ƿ޷棬˾ˣһ¾ͻΪһӣطѩǵࡢȣͣ
˳طѩĵȥħ𱬵ģһҡҡ׹ԡаǣз⣬ֱӰѽطѩѹɳϡ
ҪطѩõлֳĿȣʱɫţæڡ
طѩȻоһˮ˲ѣԼһޣ˼һûȷϵء




296¡
 

һϽƽľȥطѩ
طѩһŷС¹ײҲɫĴɳ𣬻֮Լ
ѩԲҲ˺㡣ϵڵǸ
ҡ⡭طѩϸӦһ죬ҳΪӣһԼġ
˵仰طѩߵðͷȥֻԼСɵ㡣
һЦúϢɣ˯ϣ˯ɳͺá
˯ɳ᲻᲻طѩеʵ
ȻҺͳͬó˯ɳĻҲⲻȥ
ЦЦһ˯ɳʲôģͰĵȥ˯ɡ
طѩһȻһ˿ţ˿ȴģΪΪ롣
ߵϣطѩȥϱӣһ˫޵ĿųܺԼİһã
عͷĿ⺬Цطѩæӣ١
ǹһȣҲɳӣ˾ͻ࿴Էˡ
ų΢طѩĵĽŸҲ٣ԭĳᡰ޲硱أڿ԰ĵ˯ˡ
һҹ޻
ڶ峿ʱطѩѾ𴲣ʪ·ˣϣֻһԡ
ɫ΢΢еʧְڰڵļջûء
طѩɫƺµʲô˳һۣЦʧ
ûа޶˶˵ΪʲôʧΰڨЦ
طѩһĵֻԡ´·ˣ㵱Ȼʧ
ѩôɫҿɶҡƤ
طѩһеˣңҪֹҪɫǸˡ
仰óֱƿˡ
ųԱӣطѩܺãϲͳԻоС֮䶷һе۵ġ
Ȼ뵽ǼòڵŮ֣ѹܴ
Ҳϴһ£캣аɡطѩѵ
ǻȥɣһҪ죬Ȳˡ
طѩԣپ죬ʵ㻹Ҫ죿Ҫ׳𣿡
ǣȥһط¡ɫȻĵ
طѩһֱֱ͸¶ʲô£̲סƲƲӣĿԹ˵飬㻹ûҷҪʲô飬Ҳҡ
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㲻ҵģǾһȥô˵طѩչգü۹ŽЦ⣬ҪȥҶԸ㣬ۿ㣬ҲŻġ
Ҫȥĵط̽Ǹܵشΰңʲô˶Уܲȫǲȥġ˵
طѩü΢е㲻˵ҲΪ׸ģһȥ
ҲǸ˼˵ʵȥ̽򣬿ܻᷢһЩɱɱ飬漰ɡЩʱңаջס㣬һ򣬾һĵȰˣѩ㻹ǹԹԻȥ캣аɣһȥС
ǹУطѩ֪ô֣϶˵ˣֻ΢΢ף۵ӹһ˿ʧĵǺðɣʲô飬һҪһʱ˵
İɣѵ㻹Ųҵ书𣿡¶һЦݡ
طѩ߹ˮĶų۾ִᣬ书ٸҲӦһЩΣһҪСġ
õģҿ϶Ļ
Цţطѩ㷢һߣͷȥɷСӡ
Ѹϴһ£ͺطѩ߳ͳ׷˵һ¥
骺ͼϵʦǶطѩˣﶼһ˿֮ɫ
Щۿеڣû˯ãԭ򣬲òҲ֪ˡ
رŮһһѣʹʣ˳ֱ˿ǻֲ̿
Ҳú˵ˣطѩֱǰ򿪳š
طѩȥ֮󣬿ųǲᡣ
骺طѩŮһĻζӳ£ĬĬϡ
ȥɡطѩҡҡ֣΢Ц˵
طѩͷҪСġ
ҲСڷѾˣһʦסһ⳵ϣ׳⿪ȥ




297¡ǰ̽
 

ĿطѩȥҲⲽ߳ǼƵſڣ·ĳԼôȥ̽
ֱͽȥģڿһͣԱߵĹվʱоԼѾܾûˣ˼һ𣬱ߵվûǰ̽·ߡ
ɨһ·ͼ֮󣬳Ȼûпֱ̽·ߣ֮ǰͼ֪һ·ܹ̽һĵط
̫̽ңûֱվ
Ҳ㹻ˣһľ룬ͽȥҲǷַӵ顣
һ·ߵĹ֮󣬳ϳȥںҸλųϸɫˣŮףͨϰգȴóĵһ֮С
ڳϳ֮һߣѾ·ڵطѩͻȻڼվͣ骲ʵѩôˣ
ңܲ˼еҪ£Ұǽи⳵ǻȥɡطѩǸĵ
ŮӲò£֪طѩ϶ȥҳˣҲκȫ³
طѩǽ˳⳵ȻԼᣬҲ̽ķȥ

˼վ֮һվ̨ĸˣŮʹԼڶʮңȥǸչûˡ
һһŮǣ֣Ƕ£ϴŴ綼ȽʱУȻ·ǶƷƣҲԿˡ
һһӻһ齭˹ֱһǸһ˫һŮתתȥ۵״һ˿а⡣
ŮӴͨǮ˼ҳòΪһȺ·ԳƵŮˡ
ĸŮ֮Ҳںλ
Ƕڳĺ棬ߵһߣǸŮ֮еŤ󣬸򻮹һЦݡ
еŮһ£˷ܵĿڵȥ̽ȫٰˡ
ǰڣȥ̽ҲġҲ˵
ǽٵĸϴŰȻɫ䣬࣬ξʹȥʶһ̽İݰֵܣʡɢ񻢡
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컨׹ʵϣԼҲҿȥ̽򣬱Ͼ̽ÿ궼к͵ǮƵĸҲԼĳ
ˣΪ׳еĸҲֻܵ͵ǰ̽
΢΢һٵĸ첲Ѳ֮󣬾ĬĬˡ
֪ٴ˴δȥ̽棬ǽ
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˹࣬㻹Ǹ¹壬ʱҪѧĺýúǮ
ȻҲôǮѼҾҲѰǳԱʺܸߣн򣬶ȥĽѡ
ˣҲҸǮѣٺǴѧͬѧȻǰ̫ϤߣһҲ㿴ˡ
ֻںĽ̵£֪Ը˲ܰ˳Ӧöշ磬ܻӭһǰξۻᣬٶû㣬߻˴˴̽档
ֻҪ̽ҽǱ߹ҹپаٷְٰյõˡ
ٵĶ̬֪˿ˣԼһЦ֮󿪿ڵ٣ȥ̽ڿԼʶĶļˣҪǶӮǮŶ
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ϵı飬۵һ˿ƻ֮ɫûǮҲûϵҽʮӮǮٻҡ
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㣬˵úܶԣĻдϲСŮˡ
˵꣬ӮһѰԪ󳮣Ƶǰĵһ£עС
һҫ۵ĳƱ˫Ŀ⣬Ťһ£ͺȻĿʼ
񻢿ǸЦ⣬ԭٽ첻ӮǮŮ˵ġ
Ǯ˾ǺðһѳƱҹȥʲôŮ˶ſ˫ˣ
ĽͬʱƮȥСӮ˿ˣǲҪһƱأ
񻢵ֻ˼̽ȴѰûбûͬ飬͸ҹ̽Ǯˣ϶Ҫ⡣
ۼһȺĿͶѺעʮӮ߰˴ΣׯҵɫԽԽÿˣߵΣһ׳ӵע⡣
ӴԼʮ߰꣬żпˣŴͷһʵļ⣬񻢲ֻ࣬ʸΪһ㡣
߹ĵ񻢣ƱˣܻҪҶǵĳӸͿգ
֮⣬ǰѳ񻢴ĶĲˡ
񻢿ˣ¶һЦǣҴѹѣС飬ô䲻ˣ
һԣ˵䶼һ˿ҩζ
һҵֵû䲻֣ҪĶҶ㣡
вͫ΢΢һ
ǲҵ¶ĳĻˣֵ»Ӫ⼸Ҷĳ̽һͷ
ٴϰޣڸǱһλӲĴϰţֻΪλϰôһλɽҲ鶡ǡ
̧̽ͷͷģֶԸ֮ˣƽʱĦԼǺġ
񻢲ӣǵĳӶǮҪٵĶļݺ׬һѡ
ˣǲųв
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˽ŵʱ򣬳ֻͻȻ˽ŵա
ѩʲô𣿡֮ͨ󣬿ʵ
绰طѩطѩһЦ˵ˡ
ʲô̽ˣٸ죬֮ǰȰôãطѩȻǸˣ
طѩеǸ˼ûĻѾ̽ˣԹһ𣿡
û⣬ĵĹ㳡ţϹӦ
һ׵ߣ˿Ҳһ˿ţطѩһŮǧᣬһ˽̽򣬿϶ᱻ춢ϣҪ̸ϹȥС
ڶĿͼˣʧǵС
ɫҲ΢һЩĶĲ֣ȷʵСѹ̶̲Сʱڣĳӿʮ
ǳԼҪߣѾڿǰѳǧŶͷ񻢵棬Сܰѳֽţȥˡ
ҪߣеʵܣҪȥģСĵ㡣
ȥӸˡӦ֮ͷҲص߳ҵ¶ĳ
ɻСѵΪӮǮֽѹһ𣿲ʶʲô˰ɡ
һͨ룬ȴû˵٣ǻ棡
áӦҲӼӮǮˣǿȥͲƲ磬綼ɵ֣ȻҲҪþա
񻢴ĸˣһ¶ĳȥʵϻ¶ĳǶǵĳӣдϰɲ汻ǵвŵ




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طѩΪȫû߳Сһ̽򣬻˲Ŀע⡣
㳡ΧȺ׷ײ²⣬ĸ󸻺̽ˣ
ǿŵˣһŮ֮󣬵ʱ˫ĿŹ⣬Ӷɳˡ
ĸ¶۶ĵĻ˲䶼û˼Ǯˣ˵ǸƷŮȫɴ۾طѩƹˮһء
ЩǮĸǣҲܿע⵽طѩòǻ§ŵӹ֬׷ȣֱɰĴڣѾ߹ڨˡ
㳡Ǹ˼Ŀ¶̰طѩĳӿ
طѩһĻ΢΢һ֪Щ˿϶⡣
ԽԽŵʱ򣬿һƿȺߵǰһεЦݣó
طѩô͵ʱתΪϲҡ³¶Цˣ
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طѩܵں۵ģǸȻЦԲ㵣ˡ
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ԣ̽ԵʵѩҺִʶò׵ĻڻԷ
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ǰ̻Ի͵ĽúЦʲô¶ĳֱȸ۵Ǳߵƶĳˣ




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ȫһ˲䣬һƬţе˸
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ֱջ֮ЩĲ˿ƺղŵһֻǻ󡢴˲Ǯ
ûôаĿ⣬طѩҲһЩ֪϶ǳʩչĳЩֶΣõͽηȴ
мĿ⣬޵Ʈɫ죬Ȼݱ̡
ȴȥˣҪǸǰɧţԻѵڸǸۡ
طѩߵһĶǰһ΢ЦҪҪһѣòá
϶ûãעɡطѩһЦ˼ûڶϣһŷȫϵų
ǺðɣעӮԴ͡Цʽ˵ʼ˼ٿ顣
֮壬ΪĿͶϰ弶עرһĿͲ˼ߴա
һŮȻֻעٿ飬󸹱㡢ϰǷ׷ͶĵĿ⡣
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ϰҪŭһԵĶǿڵϰ壬񻢲ǴһǧһΣװס
֪ϰԸֶĿֵͣµׯѾޱȵַۿҲԿġ
ϰһ˵ȥ漴ߵطѩסʱ˫ĿŹ⣬һƷŮ
㶡ǲ˵ҲǧϰҲҪ뷽跨СӣߵŮ
ˣ˵ٴׯ




309¡񻢵Ŀɽ
 

ׯ߹Ǹһ˿ϷʵЦ⣬ֱǳ롣
ׯҹʼʩƵ°˿ƣҪĶȥͻȻ֮䣬еԼַ·𴥵һ㣬һʹæƣȥĿ¶졣
ϰ巢ֲԾŭĿСӣҴҵˣ
ֻۿҴˣЦЦ˵
ϰ⸱飬ŭӿޱȵ˵񻢣ǧôĵӣҳӳǧڻҴҵˣţ޼ɵˣ񻢣ʲôʱôţˣ
һﲻҴġ͵Ŀ챻ըˣȻ˵Ҳǧ
ϰߵ˵ʲôҲûˣҽҪɱӺ˿ҳӳǧжأ
˵ţһӣ¥¥ºܿͼ˶ʮ£񻢵Χס
ôĶĳжĿǶ߿˹ϰ岪ȻŭкϷˡ
ʮڵĴΧסٻ˫ȷ־üվȣҲû֮ǰİ֮
㡢Ҳɫɷףȫ벻ϰôֱҪʬһ㡣
ųȻĿڵ㣬ú£ҿ԰㡣
û뵽ʱˣô˵һӦҲĻ
ٵϹʲôţƣܰ࣬Լˣ
ŶҵҪ磬ʲôһЦ
ٱ˵һ㵣ȫϣˣԳϰ̣Ҳûܸܲö
ۼϰҪһ£Ƕ֣ͻȻеţϰ壬ϰֵ£㲻ܶң
Ҳˣϰʵ
˵ϰ壬Ŀɽʡһλ󸻺ú⣬ֱ͡
Լǰλϰ˵̽ҵʡǧϵƶʡҹġ
ϰʮ£ȭִޣĶϰļǮܿ£һ̽򱾵ȭΪ񻢾һλ
ôһȭĸ֣ϰҲΪ̽һɲСóϰ嶼Ҫɵ֡
ϰĻҵԶʡϰĶĳͿ̽ԿĿ϶ǳϰ塣
񻢼ϰɫɵ˵ϰ˵ֻҪҰ̨޵һ죬ֶңӣ㲻ܲɣ
ϰɫ粻ڶĿ͵ǰװ׷ǣҲû顣
ûϵʱͻȻһԭ񻢵Сܼֱȥϰˡ
̽ôСһطϰʮȭĳ
λϰ崩ﶼһڽ˵ǲƴ֡
ұֻʮˣǳȭҪļһϰʮ»治Ǵġ
ϰʮ㣬¶ƤЦⲻЦĵϰ壬˵񻢴ӮһǮҪ鷳ôĶĳ⣬Ҳδ̫Сˡ
ǺǣҵȻûϰһ򶼲ϰҲһЦȻһЦⶼûС
û뵽ϰ˵͵һȭֱ֣ڳĲĳӡ
ϰ忴һ񻢣˵һѵ㳣ϰ䲻𣿺ˣҲ˵ϻ񻢣´γԣӮϰôǮ߰ɡ
ɫһϲһкǣϰǱȥһߵĿ˶һۣҧгݡ
˿ͷϵ亹ݰǰݶˣ벻һɽ̽ĳϰ嶼޿κΡ
׼߹ȥͻȻʲôͷŪ˵ңһԿǴһߡ
񿴰׳һ٣ʲôҲû˵ͼٻðɡ
ߣ֪Ů߰ɣСһˣẦ㡣ĿаĿطѩ
طѩһֻۣҪͳһʲôҲ£ǰϰĶʮ£ϰ׺ȭ֣޶á
ٳ˸ŸֻϵİĽ𣬾Ҫϰ뿪
ͻȻϰһȣ˿ߣǮ
ϰ壬䲻Ҫµֵǣⳡ𣿡ϰв
ҪĳʧصģԻǳϰ塣
ԭΪϰˣû뵽ЦģǮҲǸʡģΪ̽ΪΪ
˵꣬Աһʹ˸ɫᣬ¥ȥ




310¡ΪʲôҪ
 

ϰ۽һое㲻ԾϰȻûмɵв
ܿ죬һȺװڵĴӵ£¥һűͷɷɫưˡ
֮󣬳ϰ̹ӭȥϴ󣬲˼Ҫ鷳ˣʡϰ壬ҶĳǧڲҪߣҪ߶Ľȫϳﰡ
ϴ㿴ϰһۣĵʲôèҲ̽ʺ򣡡
㡢˭ϰ˵ôе
ϴ˵У
˻һȫ뵹һ
жĿǶû뵽еĳĳ֣׷쳣ȥ
Ȩһۣǲģڳв̽ĺݽɫ˿ҲֻܹԹԵĹһԣ
ϰ𾪲ѣĲֹĸֿ־壬ȻƶʡûãΪ̽Ķ֮ôû˵˵λм̽׼̵飡
飬ʮأϰֻ֪λнڻֻ֣û뵽ǽ죡
١Ҳģͺ׳еĴнһֶοֲޱȣڸԵĳУһĴڣۼоԼҪˣһֱ³ȥ
ϴڣ񻢵Ŀɽϰ廹ܱס
ϰ岻ɵӣȻƶʡûãѾʶּĿ֮
ʮȭֵη֮ɫ֤
Щ֮ǰԸΪϰģһǾͱ¶Եȴ֮⡣
ԼԲҪԼ޶ܲҪ
˵ϴɱ˲գۣײޱȣЩȭֿɲΪһϰ壬Լȫȥ
¶³ˣϰﻹеȥ˵ס񻢣³ϻ̳ϿֵЦԭϴ󣬾Ĵĳһ£ˣпȲ裡
ϰҪߣ񻢶ʱˣٸǷ·һ˲öǰԳЦ˲ʧ١
ô·һˮϰȫһ䡣
ɫе㽩Ӳ˵ϴʲô˼ҺԶԹ޳𰡡
ߣȻˣҪɫ˵
ϰСʵϴҪô
Ҫۼ񻢺ǧˣȥιĮ˵仰϶Ȼɢ̶ɷ
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ĳĿǣҲëȻϴʵֲ̫ˣ
񻢡ѾͷŵףײеֶΣҪʵʩȫŵɫ
㡢ҲɪɪȻϴûᵽǣλвбԸҲԲкùӳԡ
ྪ֮࣬۳ܱϳ񻢴ǧҲǷһȥĻ֪Ҫôĸĸˡ
˿̣ǳûȰ˵ɹó̽
ൣǵ񣬳еʱ̣뵽һЦЦʮɣҰ֮⡣
ʱᣬ챻˶ιˣܻôѵȱ
ϰһϴʵ̫ݶŹǾˣҪ赶ɱˣ֡
Ҫİϴ˵øɣϰԼҲѱزȥʡһԥ
ĵô㲻
ев֮⣬ϰ͵һ֪Լɱ񻢡ٺͳĻϴ߲̽򣬵ҧҧµȭҰ
ϴ
ûȭֹ񻢺پǰġ
һ̣ʲôϡӶҪˣҲԱ߻㿴ţֻ뱣
֮ˣһȤûУеһǣһˣȻʼնڶԣͷǵûкģޱȡ
ĿȥΪʲô
ΪʲôҪ򣿡Цһ·һЦ
Ŀȫ¶ŵĿ⡣
Ȼôϴ˵
ֱ̫ˣ
ȻϴҲŹ
ϵɷּһ㣬ɭɭĵСӣңһʹ㣬ڣûˣ
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ڴʱĳŴһӵȣң
ۻӺſڿȥ
ֻǿһۣɫͱˣ֮ˣȻɣ




311¡
 

ֻɴһѹѹװ󺺣л߹֮Ⱥ糱ˮ˿
ǿõսľԣһλȫĴа
㾹ҶԳүߵǰŭĿȵ
ɫ䣬һʲôүҲ֪˵ʲôҪɱСɫѵҲҪܣ
ҵүǵɣ̹үҵһĲ㣡ʮ㣬
һ𺧣ͻȻֵλУȻ캣еĳϴɣ
˸оԼ඼ܲסˣλһͬĳһͻҩζʮ㣬ƺʱܴ֣ѾڿǲҪǰߣñ
Ȼ־֮£󲿷˶ֻܼѵȥɣԼǵóһƬռ䡣
ͬʱķǳɻϴ˵ĳү˭ƺɵλҪӡ
ɫˣȻйĦҲûдһĵزôһ͸ƵģֱӸս
Цһ˿ĵҪӸ˹ɣǲǳԴҩˣ浽ĸˣɸͷģ
ҡҡͷһһۣ漴ߵǰͷүˡ٣鷳
ľٶͻĳ˲һƬš
ԭɿеĳүȻҪιǸͨ꣬
𺣬ĶųȷԼûгֻþȷʵڶԳ
ڵϵ񻢺ٶʱסˣԼ۾
ס촽˫۵ֱɵһ
ҲǴ㵵رǺ࣬˿зôҾһƶϴСܣͻȻͱɶҪޱȵĳүأ
ɵôҲˣ
ҿʱ࣬ǰˡЦ˵طѩС㣬ûбŵɣ
û£гءطѩ¶һ˿ŵЦ⡣
ɰԼ˵ˣæǸɸгүǶˡ
һԻ˾㲻ţҲòܣɶԳʵ
ٹڵϣг𾪡־塢ûڡָɫ
ԭΪ񻢺ϰԼ԰Ȼûбҡ
û뵽һת֮䣬ԼҪ군סȴͻȻӵôһ𳬼еĹϵλлѳݡ
ʶͬһɣֲóһֱ֮أû¶һ㾪ֵ飬˵԰ﵽࡣ
ˣɵƵԼ
ȥְ˼һӦ
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仰ֱǽƽͬ
ΪһУĿ֮£ôܸһСӵǸ֮ǰҪѳιûĻ֮ǰĻȫǷƨ
ݺô꣬ûһƵ²̨
ɫԽԽ䣬ݺҧɣҺƾУ뿪սѵ㲻ɣ죬ҪСӣҲҪɱ
һ䣬˲ýţȫԴڣһɱбŵöĳ˶סŲסˡ
ۼһսҪչʱһưʢ˵ӴŴ
ǳеһֻϣɱֱЦ
ѭȥſ߹һķ׳˫Ŀ˸ˣϵıʮְԵһһ
ҲһȺδ󺺣ƣһҲɡ
ͫȻһİ⣺ᣬôҲҪԣѵˣ
ԶɣѾɵַȥ
ǽᣬڶ£ֺߵǰ俴һۡ
۽һᣬʲô˼ҲҪԣ
ٺ٣Ѱ·ˡЦӦеֻҵˣͷҪ군ˣ
˵ĶԻȫٴ𾪣
λУȻ׳еĽᣬϴ
̫̫̽ˣǽǮѣλۣǸԳеۣСҪˣ
١Ǳ˸Ӿ𺳣Ϊϴ׳ǵĳУĺպѾ飬ԽĿֲܷǳУǼС֣ŵÿ޳
û뵽죬Ȼۼϴٱ֮£Ѿһɧζڶסѹˣ




312¡
 

ĻɫѰ·ĸңᣬȻϣ˵ʲô
ϣ˵ôشҺһԸô᲻м˵ܿǰü׵ʺˣ
Գ˹̬ȣٴξ˵
ȫû뵽λ׳еĳУȻڳǰҲ˳һ
ɡᣬλжԳϹϾѾȥƽƽˣжͷ
񻢡Ѿ𺧵ľľԺһƬհס
оԼȻ֮䣬·ʶСˡ
һ棬ôʶүģƺΪˣһͷˮ
ɫ䣬ԭһʼʹ͹ǸСӡ
ԼɡƽƽѣǶȴԳľݣ˵˵ݣޱȾ޴
첻µز£Լӵ˿Ȼֳһ˿ڡ־塣
еԼˣ
оеɬӲĿڵᣬɣλʲôݣ
ߣڵ㣬Ѿ֪ɰĻӦ
һ㵣ɫѿˡ
һۣ̽ûӾȶ˴룬ֱƽδйܴ裡
ᣬõҲЦЦĿλ׳дС
ᱻһڨЦС֪Ҳ̽棬֪ˣҾԼĳˣˡСʧ
еĻˡİ˰֡
˿һզ࣬˶ԽϴһҲƼֱ̫ţˣǻûһеСһ
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Ц˼ȴһգСĵˣǲСѵһ
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ᡢһͷսаսɳһȴܹ׾ٵĻ
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ǲŶԸ࣬΢Ц㣬Ȼȥɣ̽򡣡
лл㡣еûعѾ֪ú̬Գˡ
飬ϣ㲻Ҫ˵ȥ
˵ţ˻ͺȥ㡢æ࣬ȴҲûǣȻ˵㣬ĵز
׼߳ȥʱ򣬰˹ڵϵһۣʲôҲû˵Գηޱȵĵл֮߳ĳš
ٿ߳ȥһͻȻתԳͷ¡ү뿴Ǻѷϣһ
ÿһۣ˲ֵȣʲôںϸЦ
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ȻûɺͽҲˣô¶ڶĳⶢţһʲô춯Ƕܵһʱ֡
طѩ¥ϵĺңֻн˸˽ȥϰѾʸˣֻš
֮󣬳Ƕͷ
ˣҺȷʵභˡڨڨ
Ҳеεĵү캣ơ׳нڣҲͽçҲǶͷҪҵ˭ãû취
ȻˣǲһֽķʽһĿ˵
ɺͽһۣȻĻ˵ƮƮģȴ֪ζ
һɵһڵҽ췽֪ԭҲŷүȻٺᣬɾһ仰ϣ𲻴Ӧ
ɣ϶֣ζܺģǶţϣҽҲСˣҴӦ㣡ȻһЦ
֣λУӴǿǿϣҲνˡ
ҽ̽ʱ򣬽֣һͻçǸΪսʤˡ
ĵͷԼǵһغУ˼£ЩжģӰ಻á
طѩԿò¶ݸЦݣ벻һ仰λаնˡ




313¡ûо
 

ʵûϣгڣɺͽᶼ֪ⳡĶȫû
ᣬ˴үҳ֣õ֮̽󣬻óһТүȻ֣ǶԺ¢̽ҵÿ󶼷ֳһүûɣɲ˵
᲻˼ĻӦȻûТүôӦõġ
ɵĻȫûлֵһģں¢ϣѾռ˴ıˣֿ˻
طѩô˵׳Ϊʲôʵ̽ҵÿж٣
С㣬ǾԹ㣬ʮڡɲҵĻش
طѩһ˫ʱɵôģ˼Ŀô˵һ֮ڣ׬ʮڣ
ֱ̫ˣŶ꣬һʱΪ򼶱ĳ̣̽ҵÿ궼ɽ¢ϵĻ꣬ǰڸˡ
ڸʲôطѩҴУǱĹ⣬ȫҵۻҲʮڣֻҪһʱܳؼˡ
Ҫطѩĸĸ֪ⶼû˼
ѩôˣʮںܶ𣿡ס̲סЦһ䡣
طѩ˳һۣеĵܿҪΪˣôôʮڿ฻һ޷󼰵Ŀˣؼϰ⣬ҲҲͱһ׬Ķһѡ
ûʲôо
ȷʵûвʲô˷ܵ飬ֻʮھǸ֣̫ףЩҵĸһ׬ߵĸȻȫͬġ
طѩˣֱӽǮΪҲǣ֮ǰͻǧΪһ
ԽǮ̬ȣҲطѩΪ֮ĵԭ֮һ
ߣɺͽ뵽ôӴͷȴǻޱȣǿɲүһʳ˼̻𣬳̽Ļ˵ĵλƶʡŵϺš
үСϢһ£ǾȳȥˡɲԹɫڸˡ
ǳүʱ䣬һүǿɲ뵱ݣɷ羰
Ҳ֪Ȥĸˣ¶Ķʼˡ
ͷ˳ҡ
̸ʱ¥澡ʧֱӰŭй񻢡жϣ°˴ĳš
ĿǼײеһĻһҲҴȥˣȫɢ̽ĳ˲峡ֻ£нɵΧ
磬Ǹô죿һĸӲͷƤʾ
䣬ɨһȫ£һΪǿӣʵɥ꣬ûпǸʲôүǲ书֣
ɥֵܴĵһ󽫣˴ζĶޣɥ
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Īʲô޵гɵĸˣİ⡣
뵽ϲװŪ£ֳƺΪˣóҲȦ˵Ŀԡ
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룬óֻһ绰롣
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ߣçҽ첻㣬ǶҪ̽򣡡˵ĵ
绰ͷǽеĴлçĻֻ΢΢죬ΪȻĵô˶ĶѾԼùأѵ˭֣
çֱӸ˵ˣѾۼϣĵ
çԣȻһŵѿڶôܣҶͷ˭ҲҺ˭ϣͲ±Էͱӣ
ԭҲǺһģǶһгүϹϾĹ˿ܶǳү£Ͼûк֮ˡ͵
˵ʲôү绰ͷçˣ˵ģѵҺả·洬ĳү
ŶҲ֪Ӧþˣô˵үǸز¶书֣Ǽɵ֮⡣
ղʹ´ɥ꣬ƾɥʵǸ֣ô˾ز¶
ç˵ŭĵʲôʲӳүǵҴֻѼӰӶ˾Ļĵ˿ɱˣҲ˼Ӱй˾ڼӰܲ϶ᱨ𣡡




314¡Ķʼ
 

Ϣ𺳲ѣȻû᱾ˣӰйӶ˾Ĵ϶ģܵĵ˵ģ붼Ǹеĸ֣ȻҲɵˣ
çˣҪǸүҲֻܺͽһ֣Σ˵˴˴ͨĿġ
ç룬ֿԣֻʱϣɵү֮ٷָߵͣ
ã̽ôҲܳԶʱƾ£ε˵
çٺЦˣڴ˹ҪǸүжҾͲܴ򣬻ǳ˲ɣ
Ҷϵ绰ɫ粻һŶǰȺ
ܿ죬çһ½ĳһ۾Ϳŵ˹
ɡأçʵ
¥ϣ¥ݿվųϰ壬Ѿ֪λҪĶ飬ȥ뽯
ͬʱһĶڶĳ롣
طѩҲһͬͻçĿȥ
çǵһμĿû뵽ôᣬʱĿ¶졣
ȻҶˣľֿʼɡ޿ֵЦ⣬гڱ˵ʮ㡣
Ȼ֪ĽѾûϻҪ
λУڶĳķλãֱɳĶĲ֣ǰʼľ֡
طѩһ۵λţԶľûʲôȤ
ǻçһӣó̲ס࿴һۡ
ǸһͭɫƤȫᣬ⴦͹ӲĽǣƺǸ⹦ĸ֡
ҿ࣬ˣǱߵģ²⣬˿Ǹ̩ȭ֡
ڽֵµǿ֣ڳһˣӦöçǸ̩ȭ
Ȼȭ֣
ĶĸĲѾʼ档
ڽĸʤҢ裬㵺һĶѾкһߵλȻҲçϣһĶվǵ֣øʤӮöľ֡
һ־ˣͻçɫܲÿ˶һۣӶԷпһ˿⡣
ǽƾͨ;Ҫ˴εǱƻֱӴ֡
ɺͽǺϾӮ˶ľҲܵΪѾʤȯˡ
Ը¸Ϊţվװģ˵˼һҽĳӮˣҲռλˣҵȭֵһϳ˭ս
˵꣬ȭվĳһ̨ϡ
çһᣬͱװģˣϣʲôүΪҲ֪
Ĺƨŷңҽң㶮ƨ
ç֮ɫһУ䵽һζɵСӵΪᣬԽԽˣ㲻֪ճСѾ˼ӰӶ˾ǺܿͻɳƼӶʱʲô˳¼ˣҪѹûҷ𣡡
Ӱй˾ʵçڳλ֪ģǵƼӶһ٣Ƿ༶𣬾çҲǼӰӶһ֮С
Ļýɶ΢΢һүʲôʱͼӰйӶ˾йˣ
ǶԼӰҲ֪һ֪缶ĹӶ˾ʵǿޱȣΪֶͨεĶˣôΪçһǡ
ϻˣҪͿ򣬲Ҵ͸Ͽ䣡᲻ͷ˵
ͻçһۣҪ˭ȭȳ
ɥվ棬Ѿ಻סҪһսˣֱӿڵ磬ϣ
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Ȼأ¬ȴȫˣϳֲֶεҵΪѾý屨ǵأͲںʲôǮ׬
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˴Σ˵ҽθشЧ棬ʵܿѧʦ𣬲ݷãû뵽һҲӣ




344¡Ȥ
 

ϳŶ³ǵû֣ö˶˵š
ʱ϶³ɫһ
ټ״ҲеΣİʵ̫ˣʦҲֵܰزϾڿᣬȭͷٴûãǮƲӲ
ϵЦе㽩ӲɿһֵһרŴ޼Ǹ
˵꣬۵ӹһ˿֮ɫ޼һۡ
Ϊ۵޾˳Ҳֵôĵز
޼ɫϣҪŶԳǸһᰵǰһ˻ֱʧܵòʧˡ
ȻϵǸĻ°뱲Ӿ군ˣзϣϳҲŹ
¡ԲС۲ʶ̩ɽҪһ˼ƽϡ޼ų裬ֵ̿˵
ÿһǰɹӶᰣǴ㲻ˡ
޼ԭκòзϵģĮĸޱȵľںޡ
ϳŵĳҲˣ϶³ǰ죬ǾصƸǼŵϯҽҩʣнһڣٿڣһнꡣ
ԭȨǣƶʡͷҵϳŶ³ҩרٵѾǳˡ
ǾȻװ˹صˣһڵнʱȫ𾪣۷׷ס
˵׺ҲóҵĶ³ͣн꣡
֮ǰ²ʲôеĶӣȴȫȫĲ´ˣֻжʮˣȻǸҽѧҽҩĶרҰ
ϯҽҩְλͺٵϯҩרһҲ˵˵ҽѧˮƽǺһġ
ҲҶԳκα֮ˣֻҪӦϳŵƸ룬Ҳǵ̣ᣬǰ;޿
᰼ϳŵϼܲõ棬ȻҪƸֱǶƺս
һܲõˣҪȥŮǿ˵Ҫ
ˣδȳڣ˵ϼŵϯҽʦƾʲôǰƸ
ǺǣһССϼţʲôʸϳԿЦ˵ǼŹȫţ˷ĲܣܸߵнҿҲһǧɣ
ҸнòϳŲģƻҵΪȥΪݣԵ˵
϶³Ȼᰵò壬ִƴȨ꣬²ɫĵҪɾͰҵȻҪаԵ֮£ҽŵŽһŮƹܣ򣡳ҽ͵һ仰ֻҪ㿪ڴӦԺұٻһ캣еĵ̣ǿߵģ
ⷬǱŮ֮ûͼҵΪ˵ĺʤģ˵ǹ֮
˵֮㿴ȻԸţͲżһ˻ܹס
Ȼûվϴݣˮ˵Һϳûʲô̸ġ
϶³ԣʱüͷ̫߰ûˣԿȻܾĵ׵Ļ
ٺãҲеҲסôĿ˿أ̬ȣµ̨
ټսסۿҪ̸ϽԶ³ʹ˸ɫ
϶³վ߳ƶҵ뢣ǿٵɫ֮ǰ˵һλʦԿߺףӰ쵽ϳŵδ
סŭƬ̺󣬿һΪ޷ܾٷֵ㣬ֻҪӦϳţнһ֮⣬ҸٷֵĹɷݣ
һ궯ˡ
ڳĸǣٴαݺݵ𺳡
ϳŵʲڣٷֵĹɷݣζ˲õʮڵҲƲ
иˣǮȫҲͼڣһҾܳǺüò˵϶³ʵ̫޷ܾˡ
£˶ΪԥĴӦ
ᰶ϶³Ĵֱ𵽣һ˫ֱֱĿų֪ô
ȷʵԳʵϼŶеСˣȻ֪Ǯƣ˿Բеš
ֻɫôƵᣬ΢ĵҲȤ߰ɣҺͱᰳԷ
һʱ䣬ȫĿ࣬ȫסû뵽˲˼ľܾ




345¡ߵŮܲ
 

һ˫ˮ̵Ŀųӣİϲ
ϳŵĸнȨջʮڵĹɷݣôģǺԷҪ
һ̣ľƵģһ˿˿ⲻϸ֡
һߣ϶³ɫѿ˼㣬ѾŶ»ѹٷֵĹɷˣû뵽ˣһ㶼Ϊǿ϶ſ֮õĶ
ֻжϼŵŮܲã϶³ʧŭмɫҡҡͷ
ӢڣСΪɫԻվѳɴ
ϣߣ϶³һӣת뿪
еĿ˳һۣҲ˵ʲô϶³
ȻԳϵʵǳɵϳôҲȫ˳
ǵûнϳŵƸ룬ŭ϶³ŭپþʦҲһܵס
޼ͻȻŤЦ군ˣ϶³ҵ³Ҳһٱһ򱶣
һһҲ˳ȥ
ֻǿЦĿ޼һۣȫûĻ¡
ϳŵȫ߳¶һĨɫϳ°ԵרᣬֶΣǵĶ³ǳĺܾǵƸ룬ԺҪСġ
ֹһϳŵĴţһЩ֮СҵС˾ϳڲ֪ó׽ȵŵļߣҵ˿ֶβһĿֲ
ɵЦЦǿ϶ҸѶԸϾҶŻҵҺҿĻҵҪ˭Կ󡣡
֪ǹ׶㡢ѷϳŵıֶβ֮㻹ҪСһ㡣ѵ
кЦһСĵģԼĴӣôܱɵƻգǱϳˡ
ᰰ˪ӹһĨ糺죬ᡰšһ뵽һκһʽԼᣬͷô飬Ǻ¶ĥ
Сƣɫ죬΢ʱһҲβ÷Ա֮˱߳ŷʽ
ᰣȥ𣿡ʵ
΢΢һЦеˣֱһؼҰɡ
Ҳá˵ͷʿһֻƣҪҷ𣿡
һûռұˣҿɲϵƭᰰ˳һۣЦ
ԶʱЦãҿʵϰѰѵС֣ԺôиεĽأ
ȥ˭Ҫνϼ˫գ̲סһڣɽڴ˿ѵõĽģˣԥһ£ĵǣֿԣɲҵ
ŶǰζûְЦ˵
ᰵɫˣû˵㻹˵ô޳ܣֶǣ
úã֪ˣҷĲЦľƣһ췢ĵӡ
ݸһЦһûˣҧҧ촽˵ǻߣ
ʱᣬЦסᰵ֣Ůҵվλվߣǣķȥ
ᰵ֣޹ǣյǽһǺ޲һӶ߲ǰͿԶǣˡ
ɬѣСŮеţеϲе㲻֪룬ﻹһƽǸ߰Ůǿģ
ܿ죬˾ᰵ֣һְֻỵ̂ƺʹ
᰼ûǣһ㶼ûֵ˼ʱ˵ſΣյġ
ûϵҿǳ񡣡ƤԿ
ᰰСֳ˻ȥ¶Ȼʧδı飬ģᰶúЦˣóȥԱĻӰ۶Ҫȥ
һ°ĵ֮ڿ͵˼ſڡ
˳¶һ΢Цлл㣬
һΪҪҽȥסһأЦЦ˵
ᰵһۣȥ˯Ĵͷɣ
ֻʼ磬һǳεӣ᰸ˡ
߽ʱȴȫû¥̨ϣѾ˸һĻ
龰ȫȫ֮Ļ鿴öסˡ
һ㶼ţһޱȡκӷᰣȻͳһ




346¡ʦɱƻ
 

ۼѾ׼¥װʲôûƵģصԼҡ
Ǻ棬ǲ죬ԥҪҪȥᰣǲںͳ
գ黹ǰסˣԺٺúù۲졣
ʵѾµð˾Ųʮˣǣĸܶأ
鰵뵽Ҳã˵åʦܵɫôл书ϳԽˡ
ɲ֪쿪ȥ֮󣬰ϰһ졶аҽ䡷֮ͷ˯
˯㣬һߣϳ캣ҩֹ˾ٿش顣
ϳŸ߲㣬ҹɻƶʡʡܲ
ҹɫҩֹ˾ȴƻͨ
ҹıǶ֪ʲô£ֻһװɫ½½߽˾ţЩûɵĽ
ڣϳŸ߲ȫ룬һš
λ϶³ɫ÷·ҪɱƵģһֱһﲻֻö³֪ͨи߲㿪ᡣ
ֱ˵֮󣬲ص»ŭճСӣҪú
Ÿ߲뱻һþû³˱ŭˣ
ʲôˣܰѶ³ӣ
ǰ²⣬쵤ʧܣ϶³ר̸캣Уô϶Ǹϼйء
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ܣʵɲ⣬϶³Ȩô꣬ǸıϽֶθĺȻ˲ŲãҪóᣬδᣬ׽ҡ
죬ٿ飬Ҫ͸λ֣ϼһ£϶³ŭ˵Ŀڡ
һÿ˵ɫˣһ°
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ǣ϶³Ӧҽտ֮£쵤Ļشз⣬һݣѧʦ
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ô˵˶ˣֻҵϵľӢӲִ֪ᣬȻеֵָĴڣһӵν
˻ϳżϿ˵ڸֲ߲òţһʱ۶е㱻߸ˡ
ϣ˵ǸôܲܶԸӵһ߲㿪ʵ
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ô̬Ǹ߲һŵı飬ҲͬС죬׷׳Ծ
ӵԸʦϳΪУպܴ󰡣
ǵ߲ܿд
ǵвǶ»ɶ˸Σ߷յĴ£һʱ뵽ܱһ꼸ǧķֺ죬ݻܵ˭Ըûȥôֲָأ
϶³Ķҡüͷʵϣѧѣû˵ζԸʦΪЧ
³캣֮ǰѾµѧĸѣһλĥ£оһʦɱƻһַҾúпԡɫ˵
϶³һ˫Ŀ΢΢һ˵
ܼ򵥣ǿըըҩȦһۺҲ޷ֿըг˵
ִᣬ书ٸߣҲ¿ƼֻҪǷ֮㲻ӵҲܲǿըܷס
ǸѧѺ˵һʦڵȻǿ񣬵Ҳ޵ģֻҪըŵù࣬ʦҲҪը÷ǡ




347¡Ե
 

ٵĻ˵꣬ҵİһʱ仹û˱ʾͬ
ΪڻģըǱǹеƵøϸΥƷҪԸһλ֣ҪըϳŵҲŪ
һ鵽ϳʹǿըĻôйزžԻȳӦ
϶³üͷúҪ飬Ҳ޷һʱϡ
ĴڣѾ֮ȥͷ󻼣һŶʱըʱܰϳը
㿼֮϶³ڿڵͬϵǾأ
³ըŪֻܴӹ˽ѵа취һɶСĽʵ
϶³һ˿֮ɫֻҪͬ⣬Ȼа취ڲձسǼĸ󻼣Ҫйϵף
³˵ôأڶ߲ʱͷӶھһҵ֮˶ֱʾͬ⡣
ҶԿó϶³Ҫɱľĺܴû˸ȥΥԸ
˵ϳŻ첻ȥ϶³˵ĺֶΣҷԵ˾ûкùӳԡ
˷ԣ϶³ĵͷֶһ⣺ϣղ˵Сָǿȥ磬ҪƭըȦ²ôףʲô뷨
³ҲСӣϼŵܲ᰺ֻҪƸӶְҵɱ֣ᰰܵըȦ϶Ͷ˵ţǸһĨϼ޻Ц⡣
϶³͵Ŀһۣ»һʱŭȻһ㣡
ɱ˿ϳŰֺϷ˵һŮӡ
ֻذܵһλʦŮˣ϶³ӶЩɱּ𶼲ˣһ˼㿪ڵڹʰɱӶҪSְҵɱֻӶܽӶǧ򣡡
ǣŮĴӦ
ڸ߲϶³أȻҪSɱֻӶҪȷһʧŪСӣ
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Ů֮󣬲һӵʱ䣬ͱ˽£ǧӶSɱ˵Ǻ˵ġ
ŮSɱϣ˵еƽԷŵ϶³ǰ
Ե㣡Ȼ϶³һϣɵô졣
Ϻ߲㣬֣Ҳ׷ױɫ
˵УԵȫSְҵɱصĴڣû˼Ŀֻ֪ǸŮˡ
Ե㣬ĴţҲĶֶΣֻҪŵֶطƵûκһ˿Եֿסһ֮ھͻʧȥʶ׸
ϳ˸еǣԵ㼸ɱһ֣ɱֽκˣ䶯ȫĵ硣
ôǼŸոշһԵ˲£벻ͨλŮɱֵķۡ
ȻѾעˣпڰܵĹҪԸһλʦҲܳΪԵֵɡ
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оҩȻҲԵ㣬ǹһ˿ЦԵSְҵɱģ֣ȣԵµһ㣬ʦҲҪ֮
ô˵һҪλԵС룬ܹɱĻٸһڳ𣡡϶³ԥ˵
ŮæͷɱԵµϵ뷢ȥϢ϶³Ļ
ܿ죬ԵͻظˣȻܾ˻ɱҪ
ŮϢ֮λصSŮɱ֣Ҳ޷ĥ
ȻˣǱԵСʲôʱģ϶³ô⣬ֶɱ±Ԥ⡣
ܿ죬ŮյϢԵ˵ͿԵ캣С
϶³¶һЦݣⳡشҲԲ
ڶ죬ճ˾ϰ࣬Ƴνȥ칫ңƺһ˿ʣȫһ
Ϊͱǲ㴰ֽԭ
Ǵֵĺദûˮˮǲܴӵġ
һǰƳʱʱһ¡
ʵϣҲܺͳദϲһֽˮ¥̨ȵµС⡣
ЩŮӽһ飬̸ǵһ۵ԵƳȻտʼܲ˳ۣȴǲ֪վˡ
Դ쳨֮Ϊˣٽ°ʱ䣬ԴС̬һݿܵĿǣԳ˵ȥưȾưɣܾŶ




348¡Ů
 

ƳξȻԼᣬʱеסˣС󣬾ñҪʼ׷
պԼᣬҪƳȥưɣҪԺһܵг̱ܱȴǷhŵûҪ
ǹϷʵЦ⣬ǸֱӴӦأ׽ŪһСӣ
ٳûлӦƳǵһԼһ˳ȥ棬ȴһ㶼棬ɷˡ
쵰Сȥ棬㻹̫ⷢˣƳ˫ֱأ˵
ɿһǲϷСˣЦЦֻôͻȻȥưɣҸطԷҲ𣿡
żȾƿԵ飬ưҲȽգСæҪҪڣܷģȻҪһ£ƳûıԹңҲȥưɣȻָӵĵطҿɲȥ
ƳⷬóĴ磬һţп㣬¶ѩ޳ȣһԼɫĨTһɫСףг𱬵ġ
һŮֲ࣬ȥưȷʵһɫǵ졣
װΪѵı˵ðɣҾͳ䵱һػʹߡ
˵ò鲻ԸģߣСȥίˣƳȴһ˿ϲ֮ɫ
ʰһ֮Ƴαͳ߳˾һСưɡ
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ưɺȾƵ˴ʶŮƳγ˳㣬òжʱɢԵ̹⣬ˮֱ̣޲ֱӰƳȥ
߻һ֮ͨЩȻûȥڨƳΣȴƽƽа飬ݵˣϾôˣһЩҷǷ
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ҹɫԽŨưɷˣֽݰɵĿŮ
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ֻŮüҶˮһ˫ۣ۽һ֣ﲨУһ˿ޡɵ⡣
΢΢һŮһ˫ۣ֪ĹǣǸƷ
Ů֮£촽Ըʮ㣬촽һȣһ˿Ϸζ
ĸǻǰ͹̵ľ˳ߴ磬Ƴй֮޲رһ˫ȣȺ߽Увٶûߡ
˫欵ĴŮĶһ˿ȫЩʮּʵǣ
̰аĿ⣬׷Ůȥ̾һССľưɣȻͬʱ˫ļƷŮǽ۸ֱõ
ƷŮǵһˣûа飬Ƕʱ˼һҪƷŮ㵽֣
ƳҲŮĵɫԼ֮£һɹǵħҳɵüɫǣŹӵɳˣ




349¡۶
 

һʱЦãʲôгŹģ˵ѾƳ췹Ƶġ
ҵŴС㣬ҲͿһǸŮõô𣿡εʼ
ƳûĶ϶ñҺÿԲԣ
ô˵ˣɱԩҡЦøˡ
ƳκһҿŮǾβ槼ٿСĻ궼ˣ
ʱǺȼ£ʡ
ǸİĴŮһ߽ȥڨȻȴЩһֱۣ߹
һ£˶סˣҲе죬Ůòɣ
ưǶʱҧгݣǳö˧ƷŮȴȫǣƷŮҲǳųȥģС޸үֱ̫ƽˣ
Щ˼ʵۺ췢죬·ҰްҪѳ̻
ҲΣʶŮ
ۼŮѾߵǰЦӯӯĿڵλ˧磬Աߵλ𣿡
ֱߵĿλشֱߵƳȴһ˿Ѿˣ㻻طɣ
ŮƳΣ΢΢һع˶òأЦλŮãֲѣֻڰֻ̨һλˣý
һһ䣬޲̺Źǵ⣬ÿһӶˣֱ̫ܹˣ
ڳõģҲһ˿飬Ƴ˵ûŮֱ槼
Ů˵֮󣬲Ƴλش𣬽ӯȻޱȵڳֱƳοеˡ
ƷŮм䣬߶һһ˼ɫͷȻ֮С
ưǿһĻݶҧ飬˱ˣôûôõ޸
ƷŮĵŮӶȻʧɫˣﻹ˼ȥڨŮˡ
ǶŮͳĶԻȻǲʶǽлᡣ
ǺŮ֮ǵһơһС֮󣬾ƱһɫĴӡȥбջ
˿ʼĽǸƱܺͺŮ촽ܽӴŴҪƱ
ŮһھƣתϾ˿ȻĿڵ˧磬֪ʲôأ
ںŮʱ򣬾ŵϴһɵǳţ·һ㡣
ֻǼʱ䣬͸оܲԾǸоˣĿŮƺǹͷų㣬̨ĵʦͷԱӶûŵ
ˣȻɫ糣Ѿʼ衣
ѷͨˣ壬㵹ҲκãŮĻ㵭Цҽг
˧磬ֲءŮһ仰·ܹ˵ģҽ۶ܸʶ㣬СŮѡ
֣֪϶ĻŮһصʡ
ֻǳ˸оϵͬѰ֮⣬Ҳ쳣Ҳӡ
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ҺŮû֣ȴᵽֱǳˣ
ǣƳβĻؾȻ֪ѣǾԶһ㣬㳤ôƯһưɣô฻ʶ㣬Ҫ
меΣȻƳǳԴˡ
۶ĺŮҲЦȻĵŮã㲻ҪֻǾѺ죬Ѷѡ
Ƴ̲ס˸ۣʲôýڣ
ԼƯĹǣ빴
Ǿưĸ߸˧ô࣬Ϊʲôƫƫ۶ֻƳʵ벻ͨܲˬ
Ǻò׹ԼģôܹŮƻͳԼᣡ
Ǹλֲҵģ۶ƳҲû취ߣһ˫ֻܵųһﵱ棬ҲҼ۶졣
۶Ƴβ˵ˣЦӯӯĿ˧磬ܿͻΣŶصظ㣬Ҫúøлҡ
ŶʲôΣգɫʵ
۶һЦʮĵ˵һгĸ֣ѼӰӶ˾ڻĵĸ˿ɵˣ˧պúǸͬӰѾǿƹӶˣҪСĵŶ
ԣͫ΢΢һŮȻ֪Ϳ飡
Ȼ۶ݾԷͬѰ




350¡Ȼ
 

ƳһһͷˮŮ˵ɷµӣǱͳڨġ
ǣʲôʱֺΣտµĹӶ֯ˣûɵһ˿ǡ
Ҳϻ΢ʵ۶㵽ʲôˣΪʲôͻȻ˵Ӱе飿
ѽ㣬ô˼ô䵭ء۶ЦţЦưԹһټӲĳҪڻˡ
Ȼ˾ͷɾ裬ɲ䲻ȵĵܹ֪ɱˣֻȼλѵǼӰĹӶ
һŮӣô׳ִĹӶأ´Ŷ۶һָֻĨԼĺ촽ɢŨˣʵʵ˵ɣ㣬ΪǮģˡ
׬ǮҿûκҪæĵطֱӴҡһЦ
۶ʱÿֱЦҲȥΪǧģ˲ѣ˵ЦϲַȤˣƾĿɰŻݼۡ
仰˵ⲻ֪˻Ϊַ糾Ůӡ
ƳεüˣŮ˵ô˵õĿڵ㲻Ҫٹˣ뿪
ŮãˣǿѼشΣɹѹء۶һҲյ΢Ц
Ƴλ˵ʲôʾȲżˣʵ˼ҶԸӰйӶ˾
¶ˣ۶Ĩ촽޳ָỮڰ̨ϵֱ˸ʵĶ˵˴μӰй˾Ļĵ¸ˣǼӰƼӶ֮һ֮·޿ˣʵֲ֮Ҷмּ֣ȻɱĿʵҲ·޿ԶԶ磬ѾŶ
֮·޿ˣ۶֪òٰЦЦֱӶ۶Ȼķƺпʲô
۶ϬĿ⿴˫죬ȴ֪溦߻ǼٺߣһЦ֪ɶأԺлʶģҪĻԼʵˣһ˿ԶԸɱּɳʮְҵɱ֣кͻֱСӶӳɱᣬȷʵ˲أʵԶԸ·޿ˣԸֻ֣ҪշһŶ
һڣôȥƳԱܲˣȻ֪ʸҸո˳ʮڣҲܱŮթƭ۶Ŀ϶ͨĳֶε֪Ǯթƭˡ
ҲЦ۶ȷʵ֪ò٣ǰγ֣ȽְҵɱֺͶԸᣬָǿĶУ۶ȴֻ֪ʵıɽһǣ׬һڣδ̫ˡ
ô˵ƺרŰ˽鷳飬۶˵ʵݣһῼҪҪæ̽Ե˵
۶ЦŨˣʵݣʱܸ㣻͸һ仰ɣΪԼСҪҪҳְæ
ȻˣǾ̸ˡɵľܾ
۶û뵽شô飬ɴ䣬ʶȫͬ
ЩˣΪȳǿģĵһۣȴûһֿܹĹ
Ȼ˫ع£ȻôãΪͲòеˣ
ֻͨ㣬ԭΪ㹻ԸڶûЧ뵽ȥҪǿĶ㡣
Ȼھܾˣ㿴Ҽر˷ϣԸһڵĻᡣ۶ʼնЦӯӯģƺԶΪκ
˵ţؿȡһžµСƬǽϵʽϣܽӵĵ绰Ŷ·޿˾Ϳˡ
ӹƬ£ʲôʾҲûС
۶Ŀ˳һۣһ˫ˮ̲ɣֱĵȥˣӯ뿪ܿʧھưããҹɫ
ЩŴĵ˸ȥȫҲӰֱֻš
ƳһеĿƬ޷޶ˮŮˣǲҪϵĺã
˵꣬ѿƬͰ
һЦƳκŸոչϵأռôôǿˡ
ֻһ۾Ѽ¿ƬϵϵʽҲν
ʵǸ۶ֻǱ˵ˣòô΢΢һЦ
Ƴκݺһ³⣬˼Ҷôˣ㻹⣡һϲֺ꾫һŮˣ
ȿȣˣҲ۶⡣Ц˵ҿҽһŮսδ£һ۾ܿó




351¡ҹϮ
 

Ƴһ˫۾գ£ֺֺЦ˵˭ֹСҲѧҽģôͿ۶ǲǴ֮׻ѻƭƭСӶУ˵ƭҡ
ҪǲţҲû취ˡ˫һ̯¶һνӡ
Ƴûĵҿһֻɫǣ۶ôƯôģȻʲôã˼Ҳ˵˵óߣ
ƳΣһڣ͹ܵˣ۶Ůˣҿ򲻸ǡʮε˵
仰ȴǴʵ۶£һ͸¶ΣϢƾǹ㣬ɱ˭֪ϻûвŸֶΣ֮ܶĴŮǶ̵õ塣
ҳ۶ĻȻǶԼʵǳţӰ綥Ӷ˾ɳƼӶʵһء
ղſ͸ۿ۶壬ȫ书ģֻƾֱжǸΣյŮˡ
ƳĸϻһһҪȻô˵ңҽ㣡
˵֮һԷȭ㳯ųؿ£ʮֵ𾢡
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ΧǿһĽʺޣôһ绨ĴŮڶԳֻǿŶܲˣ
ЩڻҪƳŮѣȥĻö𾢰
˵ŮˮģƳΰʱȷʵˮаׯʱ̣ʱʱǸɽ϶˻áֱµȪ
Ȼֻڳǰܷŷң䵭øһˡ
һСС֮󣬳ЦץסƳε֣ϷʰˣԼˡ
ߣԼ˵ģԺ㡣ƳƵĵųʵҲȫûֻȻȻ봷£Ҳ֪Ϊʲô
һЦøΪаȣһңҲˡ
㡢ƳεʱеҵĳС֣΢΢ͷֹסķ췢ȡ
һ仰˲٣һ֪֪˵Ҫεģ
Ƴνߵģ鶯ѣƳʱ̡
Ĭһ֮ƳβſڵˣҪȥ˯
߰ɡӦվ
߳ưɣƳͻؼҺ󣬱صԼıѾ賿ʮӡ
庣ıȺֻǵĵƹ⣬һŮҹɫ£ᰵıȥ
˫˵ۣ欵ȴǳھư۶˭
ڵѾһ׺ɫ£Ĺյøǻˣǰ˵ĳߴ綼ƽ£֮ˣ
۶ƶٶޱȣ㴩ǻҲûһ˿ü
Σ֮ᰱСİѾǿڶˮ׼˰Աµĸְػ֪Ĵǳѡ
ְˮƽ۶ȴͬ裬Ѿһ޵ĺɫӰſڰգ۵һ˲䣬ͽС˲
ӦСǱż֣۶ǹһмЦ⣬Щֶ˵ֻСèСΪǡ
ܿӯᰱĶ¥̨
ʱ᰼Ѿȫ˯۶Ϊ޼ɵˣѱԼһ߶ŷʽڲװΡ
ܿҵᰵңȥͻȻ֮䣬ȫë۾߰㼫תֻվһ˯¡òдһ˿ӢŮ
˯Ů飬ô˵Ҳǻ֣ӦѾԶͨ࣬۶¥ʱѾϸ΢ĽŲ
ɫȻĿ۶ƷŮôĬĶš
֮۶ȿڣǹȻЦĵ˵λ֣û뵽ȻǸŮأһһɽüʣϲӢŮˣ
еǰһĿòȫûԼһߡ
ϸü˭Ϊʲôҹ
˵Լ͵ŮɻŲţ۶ЦЦ˵
û۶ЦŮ˴źɫ£ᰵңҪᰲȻ㲻˵ȳһƣ
δ䣬Ѷ磬һֻ絶۶ȥ
ĻϢľƷ۶ȻǳΣյľףŮ书һĸǿ
֮ǰѾ׼һĳʱ򣬷һЦһ֮ǰѾϮš




352¡
 

ŵ㲻Ƭ̣вԱտڱǣȴΪʱһ˲֮˾ͻĵȥʶģֻд۶ǵЦ
ҵԵ㣬ߵ书ٸߡҲ޷ֿŶ۶ϵЦݺܵ⡣
ûǽϳŷڹʰɱϣSŮɱԵ㣡
۶ֻƽʱһʱõĻȫۣԵֵ
ԵȫSŮɱ֣ڸưɵĺŮ
õøģ֡
ֻ۽ŲӯߵǰڻУǾ̲ס̾һӢŮѧһˡ
ߣ㡭סʲôĿڵ
ۺ촽㵹Цݣģ㲻ɱִŮģ㻹ء
˵꣬ǰǽ޺촽ֱӡӣһǡ
ƷŮǣһ컵ĳ棬ֻڵУȴԵһ˿졣
ɴû뵽ԼᱻһŮǣֱ̫߳ˣȻȫֿûУֻǸ
ڣ뿪ӣڻζղŵۣЦú˯һɣػˣҴˡ
һԭŮҪᰣʱֽæе߱ᰡ
ҲȫΪ⣬İɳϣ޷Ƶʧȥʶܿ˯ȥ
۽ᰵңһ˯ľ羰ɵôһԭҪܵˣҲǸ˫Ĵˣ
֮ɣѾһò֮µļƷŮˣ
ᰵò۶еѹɫȻѩˣ֮ɫҪָš
ıɽˣ㶼İˣϧ񣬾;ʧܣǺźءԹԵ˵ߵǰ
֣һ覵ǿڴһĨ˶㡣
ûĽҩʮСʱ֮ڣ
۰ᰱڻУҵشӯһϢ뿪СܿʧҹɫС

ӻʱѾǵڶϡ
һԼ壬ֲ쳣漴ᰵңȻѾȥա
ʱļ٣ҹǸŮˣȴôȴҪǵȥ᰾Ȼ
һգһʱ޴룬ⲽ
Ժһ飬һˣæóֻ绰
˰ˣڲ֪ȥ취
飬Ѿ֪ˣ绰ͷ䣬̺ųǵ⡣
ɫ죺Ѿ֪ˣһȥȱᰣҾ
ãţϹ
Ҷϵ绰ɫ
绰֮ǰͽӵһص绰Է˱ᰱܣ̸ȥһַ
ᰴ绰ȷһ£ǲթƭĵ绰ȴ˹Ҳȷϡ
ıˣһͷ飡
Ѿȥ߰˸СʱҲļֱӿȥᰵı
һϳʣǲҪȱ
Էñֱӻش
ü𣺡ǸŮѾ֪ͨˣô˵
ŮˣԸо棬ֻŮ
鵱͵һŮѱᰰߵģһֵԵ
һ˵͸еھΣԼѾǻ֣Ȼֲ
㣿Ӿˣ뵽ưǸŮ۶Ůĳô
Ưһĵʡ
°ٷ֮ʮȷᰵ˾۶
һŮһŮֻ뵽һֿԣ۶ǹӶɱ֣ܹǮ£ܲͬᰵɫ
ɫʿ棬ɫصİѳС
ȥǼʵ
Ҵ
һ㶣漴ʮֲʵڳʲôѵᰱ󵽺ˣ
ûԷҵĵַڹ֮ϣСʱڸϵ
캣غУ빫ܽܿͰѳߣһҿͧһ
ǸĺϷƽ˾뺣ԼһٺĹ֮ϣһҹ۹־ͣפ
ǣûһοֻͣŮˣƷŮ




353¡
 

۴ʱѾûٴҹɫ£ǻ˻ɫıȻᣬǻԸ
ϵǳˮӾţһģɫܵƷ
һϷŵֻü΢ƺƻһ㣬ǽͨ˵绰
ԵС㣬ҪԸǸĿͿ쵽ˣ뿪绰ͷ϶³𾴡
䵭ĵҶǼʲôһǶԸʲôء
Դӽֻ֪֮ᰰܵͣڹϵһʡ
ֱڲ֪ԭĹҪԸĲᰣˡ
ˣ϶᰹Уʵǿĸ֡
һͻȻˡ
ԵС㣬Ѿĳ𣬽ϵ飬Ҳϣ˿ϣ⡣϶³ǺܿȰ˵
ȻʱǱܵģԵSְҵɱ֣ƾа취ϳš
ˣ϶³϶һ˿һԵ㡣
Ҳ뽫β˴͸߱ըҩ飬Ե㣬Υ֮£һعȥϳŶҪ군
ô˵Ȥˣֵʱ򣬾͸оһ˿ΣյϢֻʱûʲô쳣
װĹȻѾ񣬽Ҫʲô飬޹ءһĨ֮ɫ
϶³ʱһ㵣SŮɱǲɫͻȻȻԵ㲻ҲܲôˣתĻصԵС㣬Ȱһ䣬Ǿ뿪á
˵꣬Ҷ˵绰
϶³ԸԵ㣬Եøá
˴ζԸ飬һ֪һְȫ
Ѿϰװ˼ֻҪֲԶըҩʱ򲻹ʲôʦSɱ֣ûҷ
Ҳûݺˮ衢ɹչԡˣӾߵڼװһϻ˯ǰǿڴһĨᰱתѹ
㡢˭۾Լ֣вɵþǳϻǱ򶨡
ۼɫξţЦòŮǿأҰ⹫һҲ¡
ңǹƾһ仰᰾жϳԼʲô˵ɣҪǮ
۶ʱЦѣ䣬ᰶΪ֮һãǿ˿ô֪ҪǮأ
ϻˣҪǮſϷһȥ˵
ʮᰵһ촽΢·ĵ˵Ҫأ
㣡ᰶʱɫȥû뵽Ůٷ˻Ǹ̬ҪôǮˣҪôɱңҲܴӦı̬Ҫ󣡡
һҲأֻǶѣҿɲʲôͬЦ˵
᰼һζĵЦȫ飬ɵüĵ㵽ʲô
ʲôһˣҽҲ˵ţԱһСһƣɫ⡣
᰾ɵʵ˭
ҪͼˣҲ֪Ǹ˭ءЦӯӯ˵
ô˵Ժ˲両һӰһֻһ̬ӣǳ
ģʱǳõԤУѵŮӲǰƱҪԸ
ᰵľû˵ڣֻǴϼѵվоߵװԵϣĿԶ涼һ޼ʵĴ󺣡
ãɱɱŶЦ˵
ûлӦɲɵûŪƣҪɱĵز
ڴʱͻȻԶĺϣһߣǺˮɫ˻γɵġ
ţһҿͧᰵ֮УֻǿͧϵӰ֪Ǻǻ
鲻
ͧʱҲվᰲվţֻҿͧѾԱߣԾӰ
㣿۵в죬оϲĶ⡣
ְֻҵɱ֡Ӷ飬ȴ֪ϼǸվŮܲˡ
ӦȻ㣬۶ΪʲôҪ߱ᰣ
վߣȻһʱ
᰼ɫҲתΪϲڣʲôõĵġ




354¡ը
 

۲֮¶ȻЦݣܵܣû뵽ôּˡ
˵ϻܱᰣҪǮͼ۽һﺮʵ
˵ҪֶԸӰУӶһڣ˱ŮɰƵŮˡ
ԳɢĺɱȴһηҲûУЦӯӯĵǺȱǮҲͶ˵ȥҪ̫ˡ
ñᰶԸң뵽һԡ
¶һŮӵ̬ĵ֪ҪԸѽ֪ˣⵥ⣬Ҫһˡ
˭Ըҵģüʵ
һЦҺ͹ֻһĹϵڽѾ񣬿ɲԸ㣬Ͼ㻹Ҫ׬һء
ô˵ǹӶˣʵѾŲ²⵽ݣ˿̱˳
˿ĵ˵ɵֵĹӶˣȻô֪ݣҾ͸ɣ缶ɱ֣SŶ²£
ǺǣܱᰣҪ㸶ۣһн磬˲ľ룬һֶֻסĺ
ᰣڳѾռŷǳҪĵλ۾㳤ƯˣϾǰᰡͼְҵɱ֣˳һҲ顣
˲סۣæȥסᰣеʵᰣû°ɣ
һãûʲô΢Ц˵Щ
û뵽˵־Ͷ֣ٶȫϣһʱסˡ
ٶΪĶϣûκһ˵սٶȱ죬֮ǰǵжϹʵ֪һ֣˲ݻǰӡ
ˣɲ⣡
ֹ֮һȻЦ⣬һ˫һֱĶųе㲻ĵܵܣ㶼ѽŪˣһҲϧ񣬿ſòã
˵췼㣬ԳȥǳԶˣ˿ҲⱻŪһ
Ůʵ̫ˣҧ⣬Żָ򶨣۶һʵܱᰵĹ˭
ô֪㣬͸˵۱񾱷죬ᶼҪˣﲨת֪ϸˣĻΪһСŮӡ
ȥŮ˵ĹҪʣͻȻף˵Ҫ뿪ɡ
ҲáԴ֮һ˿ΣյϢһֱΧƣо˵ز˾
Ҫ뿪ͻȻ֮䣬ȫëͫѿڽеã
δ䣬תһȦϣ顢᰺ŮС
һ̣춯صĺ¡ֵĸըϵұըϯһС
ֻһ˲䣬־ͱըƬײֻʣһƬ𺣡
ըĵĳˣڱϱһʱû˷ֺ
Ůȫŵɫɷף벻ϾȻôǿըҩ
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һ˫ɵôģ⾡ȥֻ޾𾪣ţԶԶ͹ǰ˵ǿ
ֱͨǷ࣡
ԼҪԸӰƹӶڿǶôЦ
ȫתһһըĳ
һʼܱȫԼŮȻ
аҽȷʵǿᣬ϶³ר˴Ӱ͵͸߱ըҩܷס
϶³ΪȷһʧըҩĵӵԺƽһСɽ
˽ģʼоˣǿ޵ġ
һըģٹʮӵʱ䣬Ҫסˣ
аҽûбƵɽˮĵز
ѵҪ
ģ
ܹһҪöԷٱǧĴۣ
˿̵ĳǻŭ𣬵ȴϡԪҪ;ƿˣ
ըĸѾ͸ϣڳŮŰ
ᰡ۶һоԼյûҷ
ݺҧţϣֻʣסԼŮ塣
ûϵĵըĸ»ڳÿϣڶ壬һʱûˣֻ·ȴǻסˣŰĻ˸⣡




355¡
 

ۼŮѩϾĽԼǰȴȫû˼ȥ͡
޷Ļõ壬Ҳֻᱻճһߺǡ
Լȫ·Ҳ񱩵ĻյһɶڴΣʱ̣ͻȻӦһССûбٻ٣
Ӧ֮һգжһĹ
ǳӽĹ壡
巨֮ǰʹûзӦû뵽˼ɵһͷԶ΢⣡
âڳľһǣס
һ˿ϲɫ徹ȻܹԶ
ɢĹâ۳һ̵ı֣ɱըҶ޷ҡֺ
Чģͷֻ˵Ѿ֧Ųסнɢˣ
ֻܻסһˣѵҪŮ棿
ʱûһ˼ʱ䣬붼룬ֱӰѽᰣеס壡
˰᰼ȾžУȻһСֽס̷׹âס
״ʱ
֮ôԼᰣΪǿ󵽲ý壬ҲԵֿĳ
Ůȥ϶Ҫը
ֻһ飬ֻܾһˣԥѡᰡ
ûԭǺദá̵Ůˡ
ȻҲͳʶãϾûдﵽĹϵ
˳ֻͶȥǸȻĿ⡣
鲻ԣȫ֪ʱΪʲôһǸ⣬˿ֻĿ־;
ûѡ飬˵ˣأŮһĹͣԳں
᰽סһ̣һΪ𺳵ıը
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ؼֻһ޴ı죬·Ҫ涼ըһ㡣
϶³ڴͨңը»ظ֪󹦸ɣǸޱȵЦݡ
һϳŸ߲³Ц˵⣬֪ɱʦļƻɹˣ
ϸһԵãƲȻҲ
ϣǵǿҵıը֮Уᰡĸһͬըɳȥ
͸֧ڱըѾʧȥʶ
һ̽ҧסֱۡ
һֻҪȥᰣȴǿıըըһ
һŷֱ³ȾպͺˮĹ֮УֻԼƼᰱ۱ס׹С
ҲͳԶԶ׷ɣһ߸ߵ֮󣬲ˤ䵽棬ű㱻޾ĺˮΧ
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ͷʹѣָʶ֮ѿڶأ
ãĺܰأôֲıըûпԼǵһʱ뵽ĺ㡣
һĵȥȴ˭
һ˵ᰲŷԼϹһůë̺һ洬Ĵ
ճͬë̺֮⣬һĿƵҸŮһػ飬ǵʵλС㣬û°ɣ
ҡûʲô¡᰸оԼͷʹ֮⣬ûһ˵ļͻȻʲô֮ǰеĽ忴˿
Ĵըǰܻס壬᰼ǵ
Ҫǣǳͷġ
뵽Ϊ˾ȻôıԥĶӿ޴ĸжͱˡ
ȫ󣬳õԼܲ˵ĳ̶ȣ
겻ıɽڳױˣӿΪʲôôɵ
ڵĳ鶼϶׶༪ˡ
һҪˣҪõô治֪Լ᲻
ãȲҪġۼĮıɽŮҲһĵЦ飬οû£λŮӦҲûµġ
ֱڣɰֶţȦɵ֣ܻǿұըкʵ̫ˣ
·ٻٴ֮⣬Ƥһ˵ĺۼûУԭۻԼ֮󣬻ء
˵úе뵽ǿȷǳ̬ܵγĳײûˣλĺܿû£ֻǱը֮ɢˡ
㣬ǻذҪúæѰҵѣᰵϵĶλŮ˵




356¡˹
 

ᰵ·ը⣬ֻȻҲûˣҲдֻӣ̻ذ
渾æͷȥǰ濪洬һ᰿ɲ뱻˿⸱ӣϾëֻ̺סһ룬й¶١
ۼ뱨ҲûֹǳȻģôȥӺᰡ
෴ģɫѵЩӣţҲ֪ʲô

֪˶ãʱԼһƬɫɳ̲ϣ˻ϳˢ⻬塣
ѵȳںˮֻо¶ܡ
ȥԼȻˮ嵽һƧСϣǰһƬïܵĴ֣淢ַ޵Ӱȴһ
ͻȻԼסֱ۵ģȴֻʣԼһˡ
æĴѰӰãܿڲԶɳ̲ҵ
ʱĳɻԲѣſɳ̲ϣӽںˮС
ԭѳˮԼͳû·һʱߵ糺졣
˾ʵ̫ˣ
ӤʱڱĸչˣʱһԣңǱΪåʦĳ
Ȼһ뵽ֱը֮УľԴȫ¼û˺ۡ
ڳſںΪԼ߳ģ֮ˣ
һ˼֮ҧҧߵǰǿ߳ܰϸɳ̲巭˹
ֻ˫ĿգԾûѡ
ֻǿһǽʵ˫ۣʵ̫ˣ
֮ٶ۾߱ڳϰȥ
ιѣǵɬĿڵ
޷Ӧɵ㡣
ɫˣåʦòʹɣ
룬˼³գôҲʦɲô
Ƥûһ£ȥ̽ıǿڣо΢ĺɵһá
һߣѾָʶˣûʦԸ
һ̣ɳǲڹװϷŪûĵѹҸСװĻŲȥˮ
һţûκЧȷǻ״̬
üͻȻһȷһ˫ַڳؿڣ˼¡
ʱ³һںˮˮһŵС㡣
㣬̲סһЦһʦҲ䵽һС۸һ졣
Цְ֮Լһ鰡飬ʲôʱôûˣ˼ҿǾ㻹Ц˼ңʦ̵ô֪ͼĻȥˣ
ţһһ̫åˣÿξ˵ʱҪռˣﱾǲϡȵģ־ϰЦһЦôˣ
ԹԵĿһûüøˡ
ֻǰθĺˮûãѵҪõһУ
ԺͻȻðͷ˲ȣأôܺ飿
û뵽һȷ˹
һգֻˣܾˣ뵽ˮȷѾʮʶļޡ
ʵ̫Ϊˣ۸ôåʦôµȥ죿
ǣ˾ҵ˽ս
ʱһһţۼɫûлָʶһϸĶüҪšһˡ
㳣ʶǳҲ֪һ˻̫ãΣա
˾һǧһԸջ¶˾ģ۾ӣų촽ӡȥ
ȱʶšɬ£˹ɷǳ׾ֻǼ򵥵ĺͳ죬һֻסǿףʼ
һ̺Ϣ϶С
һüʮ֮תвɵðåʦٲѹﶼҪռռˣ
˹ѾǹеһΣѣҲֻ
һ֮ӣٴδյƬϣһ˹
֮󣬳Ƥһ£ֻо޾ıըͺˮУһֻ۰еֽ
һѣһʱ͸о촽һƬʪ۵Ķס̲סҧһڡ
סֳ嶯۾ֻǾǰ˫ۡ
붼Ҫ룬֪סģ϶ӣ




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һ³ȫûӦ龿ڸ
Եʱ͵͵ȫܷ顣
оԼɳ̲ϣʶԼ϶Ǳˮ嵽ˣڸ˹ء
۾ű׾ӣ̲סЦ
촽΢΢һͺе飬̸оˣһæ˫ۡ
ȻѾѹһЦĿ
ʱʧ뿪촽վָų㡢㡢㣡
һվƬƵĽһ࣬ڵϣϿȥΰȻķ羰˲óͷһȣоѪҪˡ
һĻֱ߳Ҳֻܲ棬һ¾˷Ӧ
ѹĿޱȣı仯ҲʶԼû·ʱ߷ߵ䡢񾱶һƬһУѴһȺ඼ŵڷ
ţתͷֿ񱼶ȥ
Ϧ¿񱼵ӣ巴Ӧˣͬʱ־ʮֺЦ
ѾΣӵķӦôô
ʧڴУ΢֮ŷԼȫʹվ
һգǳ׵͸֧еգʱ֫ٺ·ɢ˼һ㣬Լվֻ֮÷
ĿգҹĻ£ᰣȻ֪屣ţӦûʲô󰭣ǺܵΣա
һ֮Ӵ˳ĿҶڵס˹ؼλ
ְڰڵӣջ
Ƭѩ׵ļûסԭͣķӦٶ
鼸ס۾ֻһ΢ò΢ߣ
һٿ壬ֻ߹ȥ˵Ȱ屳ȥſţ
ɬЦ
ҲŲţúõģûбըзˡ
һûС˵
ȫѵӣֻҧűݵúţȰҶϡ
áӦһһҶһƬҶŮҰˣе㻬
鼴ߵǰʱ򣬳ŵһ͹Ľʯ뿪ѣѾˣ
ǡһѩ׽ȥ
ۿžҪ壬Ϊ֣ȻΣңʮֺͷס棬һţбü͵ûκνǶȡ
֮յûˤϡ
ҹɫ˺þ֮ڸоԼܶˡ
ѵվųصĲȥ
ĵ˵ûӳ졣




358¡ħ
 

ֺֻּ߽һƬյţ˫ֱϥһôͷڴȼ䡣
Ӧĵ΢΢̧ͷۣ鸴֮
û°ɣȻʵ
һ˫ֱֱĶ˳룬ĵĵϣԼû㡣
Ϊʲôô˵Ҳҿôƽʵ
ҧҧ촽˵û㣬Ϳǰһ䣬ʲôҲùǡ
Ҳû䰡ɵ¶εı顣
֮ɫԭΪѧ츳õģȴҲˣһǿƴԽ㣻ǡһһεľңôܰ㵱Ŀꡢ֣ԣһѾҵţϵĻ˵ħ
ⷬĶʱЦá
ĺôһŮʲôãƫƫҪȥϰ䣬һһգǣû뵽ԼΪħֱʡ
飬ʵԲҵĿ꣬Ҹʲôѧϵʦ̹׵˵
ʦжϣÿһγ֣ʦʲô㲻Ҫҵɵϡ˲δɵۣһǿҲѵ¶̬֮ΪĴڣҵ֮·ǰˣǰҵֻ䣬ȴһ㣡
ҵɳԽĿ꣬ǲӦý𣿡΢΢
۵һ˿Թĵ̫ǿˣҿһӶ޷Խ㣬ң㻹ҵľˣҶûʲôȴ㵱ɳԽĿ꣬ҵ޷ȥ
ξٴμʶֶΣڱըжԱȫʵǿñ̬
ˣǰͨ͸֮ģһγã
һ£¶һ˿΢Ц飬ʵһһǧķ
ʲôʵ
ЦصĵҵķѧҲУŮ˫ޡ
Ů˫ޣʲôţ鲻գգ۾ֻ˵ŮϻѧŮĽֹŴѧѾʧ
ɫ糣ĵΪͭŮΪ¯ͬΪŮ˫ޣ򵥵˵ǻഫȡ˴˵֮ԴﵽٽԪĹЧ
ҿɲҪ㴫Ȼһ֪⣬Ҳ׳ʲô˼ʦ˵һ;ֻܿԼĻ޷Ƿ켫ַǾȥġ
˵ʱڣͻأЦ˵
仰ʱɴ۾һĲ˼顣
ʱͻ˵ջ
ֻȫţŮ˫֮ô档
㲻ҪƭˣŮ˫ôôѧ˶޳ʦһ㶼ŵ˵
ֻЦ˵Ů˫޸ʲôѧ֮ǡаҽ䡷ϼصĶŹҲ˵ôףҪһ˴ﵽΪ
ĵϣҲΨˡ
ңһԪ͸֧ղɳ̲תֻоڿյһ˿Ҳû棬֪ʲôʱָܻ
Ĭһ󣬳¸촽ĵȲҪȥʲô䲻ˣȥ⵺ûпԺȵĵˮɡ
һ֮󣬾ٴվûˣ˿̿ڸͷγֻ顣
ɫסǳƣģҲٶе˵ľ˺ܴȺúõϢһ£ȥҵˮ
ͷĿȥ
ȻƬҰ޵Ĵڣǻ֣ûˣǶԸһͷϻ´࣬˳ġ
˴ԼʮӺ鷵ƬĿҶٵǰһСˮԺȡ
ҲӹҶͲˮ˸һɶڻڿ֮ࡣ
Ҳ촽ʵղȥȡˮʱûк𣿡
Ҳôʣȴˡе㲻ȻɫֻйػںЩ𣿡
öˣҲȥȰɣָҪĵϴءЦЦ˵
С治˵ѣǵæ˻ûԼȺˮ
Ҳ֪Ҫ˵ͷٴСķȥ
ٴλʱﱧһѸɲɲݣڿյϣʼľȡ𣬺ܿһ




359¡ȡů
 

ľȡڹŴ˵£ִ˵ͺˣû뵽һŮôɾ𣬲ɵÿһԭ㻹ľȡ𣬿Ҳǵ
ֲǰ׳ա˳һۣȴһСϲҲǵһ飬ֱӳɹ
Ѿǻ֡Ҳ˿ΪСµĳɹԺУҲ֪ǳĻΪĵϣԵʡ
ҹ֮¼½һ𣬽ͺùܶࡣ
ûˣʹˣǲôº䣻û壬Ȼǿ״̬ʵ̫ˣûµĻһҹ֮ͻز
֮齫ʣĸɲݸڳϣûɣ۵׸һ˿֮ɫʵ𣿡
ֻоƤǧĻӦڲ˯һ˵ɡ
šͷһھ
ûд⣬۵㣬᰾Ͳᱻߣͳȥ־ˣҲͲΪǺľ;ƿݵ״̬ˡ
ʦΡ˵һһ˲֮Ĵʵµģֱӳ˷ˣпܡ
⸱״̬鲻뵽һֽΪ˾Ҳ빶ȥ
ų˯ȥȴҲ˯ţֻǻˮƽȻھѾһܼӵľ磬ȴǳǳ޷Ϊˡ
ƣҪΡԻ⡣
ҹͷǶߴͳ˯⣬ʱʱĸӲݣά¶ȡ
»ԽԽˣ˯бŸɲһţѾÿҪ
Լо巢䣬ӣüȥĻпľº˫ؽڷ
Ҿӣҧ÷ףһټҵĽս֮һԼŵľ
ֻڱĿҶǰҧҧѳϵĸɲݷȻԼůĽסٰѸɲ¸
һж֮ߵ˵ģڻҫ½ޱȣǷ췢ȣ̵
סܿͺ˺ܶ࣬岻Ϊ
оһᱧס˯˫˫ŷ飬һֻצ㣬˯ʮ
鱻ŪøˣǼٺ䣬˯ôһҲҶ
Сʱ󣬶¶ǰףһֳմӺǼء
½ֻ֮оԼһӴû˯ôľ
ţͷԼһ񣬵ʱһ۾һȻ飡
ʱѾֿס⣬ҹʱ˯ˣǹһ˿Ц⣬ƺʲôһ㡣
ͷѸһŻ棬СΪ˸ȡů˾ٶ԰Ȼɹҹ
ڶǲƬƣôֱ
˲ȫȣаǣæӵɲϡ
˯úܳû뿪ֻü΢΢⡣
ƽȵľ˯һҹѾָܶ࣬ȥժһЩҶסϣԳһЦԼҲһҰˡ
괩ҶĶָеһ͸֧̫һʱָֻٴ£
һСʱ֮˯ѣֳѲߣڶһ¿ţ΢Ц
ʱϼ˫գߵҸضȥҧӣôôѣ㡢㶼ˣ
ţлл㡣Ȼ΢Ц
һ뵽֮߳ľٶͷȼ䣬һҲٿ
ã֮ﴫٴ̧ͷǿʵǲǺܶ
öûˡԼĶӣЦ˵
ԥһ˵ȥҵԵġ
˵꣬ɬıŸɲվõҶ·ȥ´ϡ
̲סݸ˵ŮҰˣҰˣԺ˵ĵͷ¶ޣҰΪ
Ϲ˵ʲôǺ˵ֲǹŴᣬǸ߿Ƽʱźܿͻǵġ
ǹϵһС죬ҪҲôװЦ˵죬ʮ£ǶҪȹ
뵽йŮ²壬Ҫͳĵô죬һʱ޴롣




360¡ʳ
 

ĻŵˣһЦȿ⵺ʲôԵİɣϧһûУȻȥץԡ
ũСʱ򾭳ºº㣬ɽҰץҰõȵȣũ庢ӵһȤ
ɣúϢ㱻ˮʱﻹһءǲɵøһ˿Ц⡣
һЦֲҸоζԭ˺ˮһ㰡
һЦȥ
֣ܿץһֻɫҰãժӴ˻
㿴ֹܳ𣿡͸ļŹ̯ǰ
ǿ۱ŶҰãһŹӶһ£ЦԳԣû뵽ȥһˣջôḻܸͦɵ
ֿĸһ˿ϲȴȻܳԾͺãҰãҲ֪ôɱ
˵ҰζˣնôᣬŮӶС֮ģ֡
ûϵҰɱУܳԵĿ⡣ʮ˵Ȱѹӳ˳伢
԰ɣҲѾھ̱Ұ÷ŵϣٽȫǰ
Ц飬һҲѣӵĿɲƭŶ
䣬ȻСʹ΢Ĺʱ˸
ҡŮһ͹ˡӣʣĸ
ҲΣİĸӶˡ
Ի⼢֮󣬳һЩţҰᵽСƤϴٻּյտ
һ֦֮ɵĿϣ㷢㡣
ŵӼꤣɫʵôԿҰζô
Բǿû죬û뵽Ұõַô졣
Цǰũ壬ҼһƶûзڣԲ⣬ũĺӶҪѧԼҰʳԣҼر֣ҴҰʳȻҲ
ԭˡСڸң޷ƶԲʲôо
һμĳѾʦסżֵڵ庣һűȫ֪ԭСʱô
ˣǿɣֻҰúܷʣһķˡЦģȲͰѿϵҰȡҲ̲֣˺룬һݸ顣
Ҳóô࣬͸֧ôԵɡæ֡
ȻһЦ֮ͬҲùˣⳡѣʧ֪Ǹ
㡢˵ʱӿ˫գ۾֪￴Ͽ˲ɣһߣ˵ᱨ֮Զʲô
ҾͶлĺˡЦЦһֻȵݸ飬ȴǲپܾ
ʼ߳Ա̾㣬óԣϧûϣŪøóԡ
һСһСڵĳȣųǶģĶپݸåʦʱޱȵĿɰ
С˼ҡҡͷԼȻóɰǻ˼顣
ֺ֮ЩСҨˮ˸ãоͿǰԵĸִͶҪζöࡣ
飬Ա𣿲Ļץһֻº͵ʵ
ҹˡ鵱ش𣬡Ǹô죬ĵϸɵԮ𣿡
ĿǰֻҲ֪ôˣ̾˿иֵ֮ɫ
ҲһɫޱھεĵûбǸŮ˰ҺǣԲ𣡡
˵꣬ۿת
㣬Ǹ۶ֶа죬ʤҶСǸŮ;ÿܹȥҪһʱ䣬ʦ飬ҲˣʵӦûµģҰο㣬аܻ
𣿡˵ôţһŷԷ
ԳΪʵų˵аգǾ;Բڴڿ
ͷ֮Ҫȥұ᰻ϣҵĴ˴ֱըԸҵĻ֣ٶ֡
ǵֻըٻˣƬĵϣֻܽ첻Ӧеصز顣ǵ˵
ЦǴѲк󸣣ûֻ򵥵ķȰɡ
˵̲꣬ȥ




361¡׽
 

鲻ԣǸ˳Ӱʲô
ûߵ̲ͷ˵ռʮִ֦
áȻ׳⣬黹ǹԹĻ
˺ܿŪʮִ֦ʾһߵɳ̲ϣ΢Цһ޴SOSźţ˵ϵǻ·ֱܹ
ŻȻǱͳ֦ڳSOS״ͬʱܹ챻
ɳ̲ϵ⽥ں֦֮·شֿյء
о嶼ŪģΪڱ԰ܰҶϡ
ʱѾеܲˣ΢Ŀڵȥϴ衣
ôһ˵ҲоܣҪȥϴ裿ЦЦʵ
иһ˿ң㡢㲻Ҫһϴɣ
åʦӡѾԺиٹ̣˲ðɳܵͷ
̫˰ɣֻһʶѡеЦ
ĵȥǸСǳˮϴŪСˮ
㿼ǵûͦܵЦЦΪ֮Ҫϴˮǿɲ̫
ɫܲȻĵȥˡ
˵꣬Ųӯ߽
ǳˮϴˢɾӵʱϵð´Ҷ壬ŷֳѾվһ棬ʱѣǿżеĳ嶯㡢ʲôʱģ
ҸողŵϴͿȥɣҿɲ뱻㿴ϴ衣ааЦ
ʱûĵҲŲ뿴ϴ裡
һŷͨͨһҲųǸողŵģоԼղϴģˣ֮£СŻȥּյء
ЦҡҡͷǿЦôϷ
ҪǱʮ£СӻôĵĻҪˡ
ʹʹϴ˸裬˶࣬صּյأ뿪ڵ飬ҿжɣ˵ܷʲôյ
á龭ٴ֮󣬶ƴӣ֮ǰƴҪʵϳԽȶ
仯ĸеãЩ»ΪĴڣԼ޷پһԶͣڻˮƽ
飬ʼƵУ棬һȦֵ첢С켴ọ̈̄Ҳûпʲô̵Ĵڡ
֮鲻ɵеʧôС죬Ҳ϶û˾ס
ָеƣˣûаɥֻúϢż˵˵Ƶա
ڻĵϵĵһ죬ôȥ
һҹϢտʼ߲·һ
ȥץԣ̲
ץûУµʵ
ҡҡͷûУҸտʼʱʦ̹ϰٺһˮУ޶ʱץˮܵˮӦúץࡣ
ǲһ˫ָڱḻ˵ץʱ嶼ˮУϰʱ˫ˮȫһδôζҲˮеˮѸݣȱܽˮǺеģˮԽǣԽǺѣʱ׽ˮ峺׽ѶȾ˺ü
һƪۣ˵ͷͷǵȴе㲻ôҲǻ𣬾ͲƾԼ֣һҲץ
ԡ˵ţҲȳӦĽֱ뺣С
ǹһȣСǲ׽۰
ҪǷܹƾԼϵ裬ͽֳɹ׽һ㡣
ܿǱ֮УǸָĺ磬ʲô㶼С
һȺɫʰ쵡ƴСɺȺζϳ㣬ϲ֮£Ǳ˹ȥ
գȵģںһ㣬ӯȺ
ԼûбȺ֣׼ȥץסһʱȺͻȻ͵һܣ˲롣
ӾٶȣԶԶܸȣ֪Ѿ
ʱֳܳŲ׽⼸ֺ㣬ȴȫա
𺣵׵СʯӴһ㣬ȻǿˮǿʯӴȥ֮ûǺѾǰߡ
֮󣬳Ӻȫʪģһͷɫ㷢ʪڼϣְβӢһջԸС
һٵߵǰӣû뵽׽ôѡ




362¡޹ɽ
 

Ϣһ£¿ô׽ûЦ飬СƤء
΢죬ºһ¿ڵȥɡ
ɫ糣ȷʵԶˣҲûйˣͷǱ뺣С
ҲǱȥ
εƬȺۼĺף͸ˮҲױյͨ
ЩȺӵĺ㣬Ҳһۣ鲻е棬ȺۼǸ׽
ںУҲ޷ԼʣֻǸųһƬƬɺȺͺ׽ʯ֮Уźķ⡣
ζţڣƺ׽㣬Ǳˮġ
һ֮ͻȻ˫ĿһǰһԼʮֳĽǹ㣬һɺתˣԹԵòֺ
ǹӾٶ֮һǹ㣬⾪ͣԶԶĹ۲һ
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˼ûƺеˣƤɹɹͭɫһĨĺ룬ȥӣûԼͬ¶ɫ
ʵˣۣʲô𣿡
û£ȥ̽˼죬ɵЦҹԹԵıս߿ɣõҡ
õģˣʲôҪʱǡٹɵĵͷ
Ȼ֪˿϶ʲô£ޣҲûãֻܵ˻ʱú÷
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˵ţһҩĵ֣ɸϽӦҹȥҩйá
ҵ绰󣬳ڿɳϣ˼
ɲɹҩģΪܹ̱Ԫĸ鵤
ֵҩЧԪҪǿһҲѣҪ޵ߵķҪõ¯
γȫ޷Լڵֻľˡ
ӷȡľѰ˼ûԼӳ֣Ƹ鵤
ʱͻȻ
΢΢죬ôһζ̶̵ʱ䣬ɾռҩˣ
ѹȻ֮ģ߹ȥ򿪱š
ȴſվһݰס޾üۼתŮˣİ͹£һ״ɫĵȹгߣ˴֣ǲյش
ĵŮˣۡ
ܵܣ첻˺ö࣬ý㶼ˣ˶ȻЦӯӯĿ˵
ᰡٵĺŮʱüͷһ壬˵ץȥ
ȴԤϣǰȥ
ò˵ٶҲģֻһ㣬γûӳֱ֣ǰܣһץС
ܵܣص㣬ôҪ˼Ҳأһϧ񡣡ﲨת˵ʮϧ
ȴһ㶼Ϊ㺦ҺͱᰡˣھȻԼ
ⲻ𣿡ں촽Ц˼ôȥ
ߣñˣʲôСӣʾԽȥ
߽ʱ򣬹÷Ľһ³壬ɳϣֵȫǸ˵Ůӡ
˿ҲȥΪʲôǴ֮ȴҪװ˵ˣǣλSŮɱôһʱ֪ûû֪ͨĹ
֮ԷҲǿǵ۵Ĺûлָʵһץõ
֮ѩ׵Ĵȣűڲ̾˵ܵܣɣø߿Ƽû뵽ôǮء
˵ϻֻ֪Ӷܱᰵˣ˭Įʵ
ЦһܵܣĺȤ㻹ϲ֮ǰ㣻ʵʵ˵ΪSɱ֣ڹʰɱӵʱ޷ϵģĿǰ޷˭
㻹˵Ҫңɫ˲ȥ
Ů˵Ļûһţ˵ʲôŰæ϶ֹص˵ĲܿϣҲ֪Ǽ١
˭֪ǲǺ͹ͨı
Ŀǰ֪ݣ֪֮ۼʧȥģЦ绨˵ˣSɱ֣ȫʮָͷļŶԼĹǻǳԷˮһ򵥡
ԣĵ̸ҵ飬һһ
֪ΪôһץŶЦøȻˣ
ĵЦֻҲˣҾһ
㵱Ȼ֪ⲻ𣿡ۻ˸ջƣһȺɳϣü۴ЦĵΪ˱ľ֮͸㣬ҹ鱨
ջƣʲôʱԵ
ʮСʱ֮ڡغĻش
üƾʲô㣿Ҫٰڶأ
ȫۣŮ˸ôĿŵʵóòľġ
֪ô˵˵֮󣬰Ųԣ˿Ŀɤ͵͵ĵֻҪһ֣ͿȡҵܸŽ˰ɣ




369¡۶ͼ
 

ߣ˭֪ǲԻԸңûзһ㾯֮ģվ۱־롣
ҧҧ촽Թ˵ܵܣôͰѽôأ
֮Ҫһְ취㡣˫ֲӸ¿Ů
һ˫ڱʯӣֱųðɣҲ˵ϻˣʵţ㡣
Ŷ˵۽һɫĿڡ
۳һ£ƺ䣬Ц⣬ɫĵϣܰҶԸһˡ
ʲôˣ
Ǹˣ׿Τ
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ܵܣΪô֪û˵ңһ˫ֱֱųӣʵ
ʱ˫üһĲ죬Ů˾ȻҲ֪䣿
浭䣬Ȼ˵Ķǳ׵书֣˵Ǹ׿Τǹߣ
û׿Τǹߣ׿ҸڽϹռһϯ֮صĹңʵǿۺ񡣡׿ɫ¶һ˿ء
һͻȻ뵽ʲôʵ˵֪ϵشǿļ壬ûʲô׿ңֻʸ֣۰Խϵľ뢡
ܵܣ֪ʸֻ壬ǮȨٶ࣬ڹҲϰĴڣȫȣ׿ҪʸңֻǿûԸѡҡҡͷȫǶ׿ʵľηɵ
ȴǰЦ۶ֻ֪һ֪֪ʸҳ˸Żʸ裬ŴɽΪͽǱʮ
ʸлʸһˣ԰νĹңϾڹ磬ŵ϶Ҫǿöࡣ
Ȼ׿ô㻹ҪȥԸ׿ΤȻת䡣
վЦһԸ׿ΤֲǶԸ׿ңSɱ֣иְɱǿߵֶΣȻһ˲׿ΤĶ֣ټϳܵĻɱ׿Τʹ´ˡ
˵ô࣬ҿûӦ㣬Ҫɱ׿Τ˫ֱأһ㶼ûдӦ˼
Ų㣬һ˫һ۷·ܹƵģȻЦȻҪæȻḶ޷ܾıꡣ
ʲôꣿһ߰Ծϵ㣬һߺʵ
ص֪ͦŮɱóʲôöĵıꡣ
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ΪɱһˣȻԸ⸶Լ壬һǴ֮벻һδµŮΪʲôô˵
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۶Ǵ֮ϴ˵Ůˣ㵽ʲôͼʵ
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Ľӵļ˵ңȻ֪Ǵ֮ѵ㲻ӦøӶ꣬Ͳ¼һ˿ԾܾǸ̫ࡣ
伤ĻȻʧЦֵ٣ǳһ¡
һ䣬˫̥ûӷ˳
崿òŮһģһ۶ʱһ˵˼ɫȫ֮£
ҽûǰ˵ģ˵ͷñˣʱ۶̲סе㼵ʡ
ΪѾʮ꣬˫̥ŮôҲʮ߰꣬õʱ
ٶܺĿۣôʶһŮ㣬۾ܹƵģȫǸֵԡ
۶㿴ˣҿȱŮ𣿡ЦЦ˵
۶ʱƿԣ뵽֮ǰڳߵᰡƳΣҲ˾ȫĴŮͻȻǰˣô޸ôã
߾ȻôŮΧţҲ֪ΪǿΪĸ
£۾Լĳȫʲôˣɵðţò¶ģԼĶȴмһˣ뵽Լļƻģ




370¡
 

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ȻȻԻ˼ǹԹԵĽе۶̺ã
۵ʱʣһ˲ɱ˳Ķˣǵһα˽а̣
һʮ꣬һòŮˣ˽̣֮ǰûֳһҲܲˣ
Ա񣬲̲ĵ۶˼ƶҲʹĹݰɣ
ܵܣԽĺúݡȻ׿ΤĺѾԶһУ˿̲ò˼һת˶ֵȻŮƣɫȽҲûǶȹˮ֮ɣ
˵꣬欵ĺ촽΢΢Ķų
ⷬȷʵóסˣоޱȡ
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仰֪˵ˣˮӲɵӹһ˿ϲɫЦ㶼ܿǴ֮ƾʲô㲻ܿЩŮǵĹϵŮ˵ĵпǺ׼Ŷ
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˻еĺ壬ʱߵöӶˣæͷȥ
ۼ˫̥Ůɬģӡ֤Ĳ²⣬ȻЦλŮã϶˲ʱ˰ɣôΪʲôһֱûأǽ㻳Ƿ⣬ֻҪӦ㣬֤Լ
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˵ţҪȥ
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ܵܣӦɡ
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ۼ⸱飬ǹЦݣԼصصƳǿ㡪Ե㣬ڷˣ
ԭΪǿ̬Ե㶼޷ЧڿǶġ
Ե㣬Ѿڶǿߵӡ֤ԤϡǰסҲ޷ˣǵһ㣡
λãٺ죬ҺҪ̸Цӯӯĺ˵ǣų¥ȥ
˫̥ûɫ糣ΪҪŮ̸飬˶ûжʡ
ֻʲô̸أ˶һۣԷеĺ֮ɫ
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˿̸оԼ״̬֡
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һ˫鸴ӵĿˮ˫ͫУ⣬Ҳһ˿ߡһ˿šһ˿ΣֻǺܿģǲɶҡľȻ֮ɫڸǡ
ԼˣǧҪҡҧҧ촽ºɫȹ




371¡й
 

˵һĻֻʣһƬȡ
Ǵ־ڱص֮ģ
ţϷš

һʱۿͷɫӡ
ҪռһŮˡ
ʹԳǿˣҲҪˣ
ܵܣԼ㣬Ҳûĵľܾˡ˿ԹưĿŴͷĳ˵
֪ԵҩûˣⳡսټⷬǵĻʮʮİóڴӦ
ΪɱǸ׿ΤԼֶκܱɣ޳ܣˣΣֻҪܴĿģһд۶ֵˡ
ϲǣԶˣӴԵ㣬޷̫״̬
˵껰ʱ򣬳˫Ŀǳһ㣬Ѿе㸴ӡ
ŮˡУѾ֪˵ۣˡ
ĿͶƬƵۣǹһȵȻĵȻ˻磬㲻ܲҴӦɱ׿Τ
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´ǵЦаǴӦ㣬ҿûչϢ
˵꣬˻
Сʱ֮󣬳ֱܵըһٶŭɱаȫйɾ
ΪͻĵţĸоԼҪ޵
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´ҵĹ﷭һѩ̡
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۽ǣۡ
۲˲ۣź촽ܵܣһҪɱ׿Τ
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ԣ̾˿ҲûƽʱȻĵЦݣ˵ܵܣ֪ʵҲǰߡ
ߣ΢΢죬û뵽ۻ͹йء
ҲǣҲ似ԼĻʱڶ޷һƬ½ǡ
֮ǰΪҵٶȣ׽һ޶Ŀ죬Ϊ˹Ṧ̾ۺϱӣ̾ҴĹؼ
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ҡҡͷɬһЦѺͼ˶Ͼϵˣҵȫۣ۶ͺá
ΪʲôҪͼ˶ϾϵΪ׿Τ𣿡ʵ
һ׿Τ֣бһ˿⣬ҧΪ׿Τ׿ҵĴү׿ǽһͳĹңֻһֲȱؼļ壬ֻƿأ׿ΤһǼңң׿ұҸĸǿжףҸܼ޸Ǹ
ԭ׿ΤδޡһȻ飬ҧгݵģ׿׿Τ϶ʲôûɫ
ۼ˵ҲӦ׿ΤĻ׿ҿ϶Ҫʩѹҵĸĸұ͸ĸϾϵ˳Զ뻪ģΪSɱ֣ô׿һǲŹҵĸĸҼҾһǧɣҵĸĸҲ䣬ֻܸ׿ţ
˿ѩѣ΢΢üô˵ĳ˲ֹ׿Τ׿Ұ
׿ǴĹң̫ˣ˿ԶԸ˵ġвʵ˵ֻҪɱ׿ΤһҲ㹻ˣΪҪǿҼ޸ŵң⣬׿Τ׿һ츳ĹߣֻҪɱ͵ͬڶϾ׿δϣ꣬϶ᱻʳ




372¡º
 

֮ĶôпᣬĵĹԴϡȱ滹йŴѹţ˹֮뻥ʳάֹƽ⡣
ۻһ˼û˵Ǿ˴׳ԼĶҲǶ׿Τһϵı
㲻رõҾԼ彻ˣ
Sɱ֣ۼʶǿˣķۡ
˴νӵᰵȴûϳʵǿޱ𺳵ˡ
ֱըչֳֶΣⱲӶǡ
֪ڵΪȻ𣬵϶Ը׿Τ˴ڳڣ
Ѿɱ׿Τ֮󣬾Զ߸߷ɣٴ뿪ġ
ߵŮʵ̫ˣ˴˴εĻ䲻һνף֪Լڳûһϯ֮ء
е˼ֻת˲֮䡣
ͻȻʧƬ̣۶ֻҪӶܱᰵĹұɱ׿Τ
ţ˵ˡ˵ţڳעйŽ´·ֻ֮֫ͷָ˽ĵɣЦӯӯĵܵܣǺȥ飬ûˡ
ʱһЦղȷʵûƺԼ۵ʵ̫Ʒˡ
ϷһЦŵôSɱ֣ĵ磬һЩϵģ֮ǰѾһͬSɱֵѣҲڹʰɱϷǸˡ
ŶSɱѣеŮģʵ
۶ʱЦôѵԱİɣȻеģҲһֱ׷㣬ɴûȤŶǶû棬ֻϵ
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Ȼۺܲûжģֻһףһ¶ˮԵˡ
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ͨķܹҲ϶͵ȵƷ˻кܴĸá
˿Ԫյģ޷ת
һ֮ͶԼ֮ϡ
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ÿ
ȰסŵĺʳƻֻСƳȻʳתɵĺʱҲʳ
ʳ֮󣬳ϵתתΪԡ
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֪ˣˡٹ˳ĴͬʱĶ˷ܣϲΪԸǷôҪܣ˵ûǵˡ




373¡˹
 

СĲٿţתܿ죬ľĸҩľΪһ壬
Ϊ󣬳Իƿر뼯иעƸ鵤Ҫʱ
һͷϾһϸϸȺ
ٵİ˲ô࣬еΪˡ
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٣Ͽȥ˯ɡ˵ţľ¥ȥ
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͸֧ûϢĳ
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ʱˣȷʵ޷ȡ˹ΣΪ˾֪Ӷ۵Ļֻתĳ˯۵ۡ
۵ɱַӦ䱸ǳѵŷ۵һ˿⣬漴ָֻȻ̬и𴲵ʣֱƽʱҪ˼֣ó
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ݸһЦ˹Ե˺᲻ǮͻƻɱֽҰǮȥ㡣
ðɣԵС㣬ҪҰæ𣿡˹ڵʵ




374¡Ϣ
 

ٴθлûˣлл㣬˹ÿİæá
ǺǣֻҪܰﵽͺá˹ֻһ򵥵Ŀ佱Ϳĵٽĺӡ
Ҷϵ绰۱Գ˵˹ĻϳŶ³
Ȼʱսȭͷ
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΢˼һ£ͷӦЦЦĵԣǲ֪ҪҪϢ
仰뵽СʱϢ飬ʱǺ˳һ۵ޣΪ㰡ҵһλôϢֱǴå
Ǻǣ㲻Ҫ֤ԼЦеģɨһŮĽΪʳ֪ζĸоͷơ
ųĿԽԽȣ۵Լٲ𴲵ĻҪһڣӴߵǰһվһ˵ȰһϳŵĶ³ĻֱӰɱ
ܾ캣еķֹ˾㶯֣ҪӦеĴۣɱ˵
ų㷢ô˵Ӧðɣ֮ȥϳ³٣Ѿȥ죬һϳϼŶ֣Խã㻹ҪȻع˾һˣıȶġ
˵еͷӦˡ
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㲻õģѾֱըľϳţ϶³Ļʹ΢˵
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ðɣȥ˾ȻϼܲãһŮǿˣȫȫӳĻѾѳֵˡ
˵꣬ͺͳһķ˾
ڶ¥̨ĿͶȥĻǳΣоԼƺﲻʲôæҲûȥæԸϳš
ˣֻܾһǣȫͶ֮УǿѾֶҡ֮ġ
ܲ˾һճת
Ϊһֱͨ绰͹˾߲ϵ¶֪ͳ£ûֻš
ͷϰ࣬Ҳϰˡ
г칫ҵʱƳֵĿһۣ칫֮󣬱𱸵ʵһԴ֪С֮ٶˣȻ첻ϰ࣬ﻹûг
νƫ޿֣Ƴξó˵ļһ
Թ֮ɫǸȻһЦеҪ飬û취ϰࡣ
ʲôҪ飬Ҳ˵֪֪жൣ㣡Ƴ˫ֱأû˵ųȥ죬ͱô꣬Ӷˣǳȥˣ
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375¡
 

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ƳζʱɴʲôҪԼԸϳţǿƶʡľްԣһȥеģҲȥ
ģȻҪԸǣȻҵİգ㻹ǲǵҸʸ塣Żｿ˶˵
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ܺãú˯һɡѾʳϢһзϾȻֻʵܵܣҪô
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ܿ죬ĹҶϵ绰

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׿ΤлۺͳԶĵطͣ£Ŀ̺ɱ⣬ﺮĵۣСӻǳ׿ٿʱң
ˡ䣬Ҳ䣬ȻȴЦ⣬ҽΪɱˣ
仰ٶξˣ
׽Сӣ֮˵һһ񣬼ֱûˣ
Ҫɱˣȫûѹҷ
׿ΤеŻ漸ЦĿųЦ׿ɱˣǺô簡ȴ֪ɱ׿Һˣ
׿ȷһߣҪɱˣϳŶ³˵ţĿͶɽ
϶³ϺϳŸ߲㣬һվţɫѿ֮
뵽֪ǰ׿ңһ




380¡ǿң
 

϶³ǲ֪ǰǸĵŮҴС㣬߳ȫSŮɱԵ㡣
򣬳Ҳô׾ҵ׿ҵڡ
Ĵֱӵ׿Τ϶³Ѿֻˡ
϶³׿ҿس꣬ǶԸһڣ׿ΤѾҪ³أ
ӲҲ߻ֱըը㣡·㲻ߣ㴳ɱˣѰ·϶³֮󣬱ŵɫ˵
׿ҴƼڿ޿֣ٱ̬Ҳ϶ǳĹ߶֣
ߣ϶³Ϊ׿ҵıұ޿κôЦ
仰ȫ׿ҷ
׿ΤɱŨҵüҪ۳һȦη籩ɱ˵ųСӣΪ׽һЩè򣬾;Լǲʲôǹ䣬Ҳ֪׿ڹĵλ
׿ΤûȤ֪ǿңȻ
漴ˡ
ûӳ֣Ծɿ磬䣬˱㻯ΪһӰ·ڴʧһ㡣
еڶߣ޷Ӱ̫ˣױȵĿ죡
ӵйṦ̾ңɵõɴ۾о˵ٶȣ̾죡
ȫ֪һ
׽磬ô˹ȵĵز
˾УѾ϶³ǰһֶֻסĺ
һ仯ǿ׿׺׿Τӣʼδ
Сӣң׿Τȵ
ղȷʵ͹˳ʵóס϶³
Ծٶȵģڡ
Ҫó׿ҴɱˣǾǳĴ׿ҵ
׿Τ֪϶³ݣֻŲ²Ǻɽѣ׿ҵ֮ˣȨƣ׿ңֻһ±˾Ųʮ
׿Ҳųİͽ϶³һȨƲС׿Τɱ
һ֮׿ҵĹ֣׿ŭ˳̶ȣԲóΪȥˣ
׿Τ徳ص׿Ҹ֣ʧԭأٶ֮캧֮˶ȥ
Ȼ׿˵ĳ֡
ֻĶ϶³һڤո˵
϶³סټϳ˫ۣʱ״ȫ
ǵһĮ·ץסһݡ
һһ϶³ĲֱӱϣԴȥ˲
ɱ϶³һ˲䣬Ҳ˫ۣЮŷ֮ƵĶȥ
Ǽ緭ֵ·˺˿֮
˼˿ֲƷǿѾõ飬ǣ
׿Τ³Ƶƣĵ˵ͷָ㣬ĹƷơѾСɡ
˵ǳѪ֮һʮֺĸţĵϡã
ܵ󾢷Ϯȴǲתơ
䣡
ƶԺ䣬ı죡ıըˣ
ߵӿγۿɼĿƣס˳
ƣ֮ƣޱȣ
ûб˺飬ѹǿѾӲ֮ĳ̶ȡ
徳صĹߣΪڹֻɫҷƲûдɣкξ壡
֮ɢʱ򣬳ȵվԭأջ˫ơ
ĿɿڴĿһĻ𾪵Ըӡ
Ϊߣǵֱ۾ȻӲĶˣ
书Ӳʯı۰ڳ˫ƻػ֮£Ťɹ캧˵ĽǶȣ
ҽ
ı۱ϣһΪ䵽ȵףм֮ˣλܼ䣬ӽѳɷ
ӵйŴѧеĹңҪ徳ĹߣҲҪķѲʱ侫
徳ؼѾ׿ҵм
һ֮䣬ͷˣ
׿Τɫˣ׿׺ɫҲˣ
û뵽Сƽƽ棬ʵԶ
ѧߣʲôʱˣ
Ϊǿ޷ţʵҲѧĵҪ徳صĹߣҪпܣ
ˣһӮ˸ɴ䣡
۵ĸĸΪҪĳ촷ۣǰһĻȴŮˣʵֱǵϣ




381¡Ѫߣ
 

۵ĸ磬ǰߣ˴ѧṳ̂徳֪徳жôǿѧλߣʵߣڴ徳ǰסһУ
׿ҵ徳عߣڳǰһ
һһأ̫ˣ
ʼɣǲĳҵĵմӣ
ǿʵͰȫ̬Ĳ²пܡ
һҵĹӣңŮоˣ
ӣҷ׿ߣ׿׺ŭ˲䱬׿Ҽŭ׿ΤҪ
ȫ˴壬ˣʱľ
׿ΤױŭףСӣִ׿Ҽ̣ҪʬΣ
ʬΣ˿ֲײеֶΣȻ㤣ȴӦ
׿ΤĻѳٶ
Ϊ׿˵棬ɱ϶³׿£׿Ҽֱĳ裬޿ˡ
׿ΤҪң׿ҸӵŭɫǺܳģһ˿⣬ʼյİȻ
Сӣʵڴ徳ǰصĹ˵ȷʵǿ׿Τ޸ĵǣߵ磬һرһԾǰ߹
ڣ̹£ҵĴ̣׿ҿֻɱһˣ壡
ҾôİԵĳͽ伫̣Ҫ壬ִȫ޷죡
˲ΪǿΪֻҪʵǿ˵壬أ嶼û˸
ЩŴڣһյ߹ٴԱǨ⣬ֻŴڼٳָԤ׽Ȩ
׿ΤĻȴһȣЦ
壿
ֱЦ
ֹ޷ļ̣ΪȻ
ֻɱˣһûɱ
ˣģ׿Τֹɱ˶ƾʲôҴ̣
һ䣬ѻצ״ٶȳ֣Ѹޱȣ
ͬʱٺϳŸ߲Уȫ¶־顣
Ѿۼ֤϶³û뵽Ҫɱǡ
Ǿôг׿ү
׿ΤԭΪԼ֮󣬳
ʱôõٶٶ׿ǰɱˣ
ȥ׿ҵšȨ棬ȫȫ̤ڽŵ£
׿Τ˵ʱҪȴΪʱ
ָצٺϳ߲ʱ˺ѪѪߣ
ɱˣѪ׿Ҵ˲Ѫζ
ȫһļžĿų׿ǰɱˡ
׿Τ׿׺ɫŭ˼¡
֮ǰһֱû֣ΪݣΪҵһ֮δļֻһֻϣǳ֡
Ȼֻϣһٶǰҧ⼸ֻϣѪ׿Ҵ׿ҵȨ
׿Τ׿׺ԳݣҲ³ˡ
Ű˴棬ֳӣȥĻ׿һôڹڶ㣿
Сӣջظղ˵Ļ׿ΤϸһĨ˲Ĳ֮ɫҾҪ壬Ҫкһ˿ѪԵϵˣọ̈̄¼󣡡
عͷĮĵֻ£׿ң
ߣͷҿڳԣ֪׿ڽϹŽǰʮģһϯ֮أ׿Τһһ߽ԽԽᣬ׿ΤΪѴﵽ徳شԲľ磬ֻһţͿԽʱǱǰһ׿Τ֣
üǱǰһ
Ȼ㲻ǹˣǱ񶼲֪Ǿ֮ܣ׿ΤУǲм֮ǰҸɣܹǱǰһģǹһٮٮߣʮ֮㲻ϰֻǰһһٸſǹţҵǰһգ׿ҵǶ֮ʱʱ֮£׿ҵһ
緢ưޱȣһ
˴׿ΤⷬɫӾηˣ׿ĳΪϹ֮ףǵĵλҲˮǴ߰
ȫû뵽׿ΤʵѾﵽ徳Բľ磬ʵ̫ˣ
ÿһؾͻƶڵ졣
츳ͨĹߣ徳أѾǼˡ
Գղŷϵ徳عߣԳΪҵм
ڳʮ׿ҹߣ徳صҲȼ˶ѡ
л׿׺׿Τӣ׿ҵμ




382¡ˣ
 

֪׿Τʵ֮иŨŨɫ
ԭԼͳ֣Ը׿ΤѾ´ࡣ
ڿȫдˣ׿Τ񼴽ͻƶǱ񣬶ǱϵĹ߸𣬾Բ˿ԶԸ˵ġ
ÿһͻƣʵͻͽԱ׿ΤǴ徳أԸ徳ǰصĹߣ翳вˡ
Ѿȫû˵ֻѡͳվһ𣬹ͬˣ˺ͳһͬҲùƺ׿Τɻ顣
һۣеľǣЦЦĵʲôǱҲûʲô˲ġ
ʸǱʮĹţʵ֪ǰ׿ΤǿٱѾڳ
׿ΤΪûнǱʸ񣬳һ˿һ⡣
׿ΤЦҡҡͷСǱĴڣǴԲѣмһˣѾʧȥˣ׽ľ֮ܣҲʧȥȤ
ʱֻˣ
Сӣɣ׿Τ˶ȻɱǣһɼѪȵζɢ̱ǵô˶Ժ
֪մȾ˶ܻܳŨѪ
ţ׿ΤȻ̧֣ȫƻ۶ȥ
һϸ΢ķͻȻú¡¡ģĶǣͬ׿Τϴ
ŭ֣Сӣʶһ£׿ҷƵܣ
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׿׺һ֣ͽƵľ跢ӵ쾡£ֶΣСӱض޷ֵ
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һߣȴɫ΢΢ףֻܺĿţŮء
ʵ΢޷ֿ׿ҡ
۵ֻʣ¾ȻҪһԿ׿Τĳ֡
ʯ֮䣬׿ΤѾ£ЮѸͿ磬һףֱֱǣ
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Ҫۼ֤Сӱĵ÷ǣһʬǶ£
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֮ǰܻʸʱϾ
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׿ΤĿ̺ۺй£ȭӭȥ
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ſڴŰХ˲סȥ
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ڶཹеˣ׿Τվԭأɫء
Ѿ֮ųսȦ岻֡
ʵ̫ˣȥæóš
˶𣬴е˵ʱĿ¶𾪣Լ۾
Ȼ˿ֲǿһƣ
̫˲˼ˣ
ڳ˴壬ȻĹߣʵ۽ҲԶˡ
ǸаÿγֶǵƾȲѧ֣Ҳǹߣν׿һƵģ
ı֣ȫЩ˵֪
׿׺Ҳ¶֮ɫΪһƣԵ˲ɱϵȻ
ͨˣǿѾڴ徳ϵĹˣ
׿ΤҲľ죬־ڱصõһƣȴ޽ʵ̫죬̫аţ̫ţ
ƣˣֱۣĵ
׿ΤȷʵǿӳֵķƷˣȻƾͿˡ
£Ѿжϳ׿ΤʵͻʸжԶ
׿Τһ޹裬ӿȵŭ˲ǻĿΪŭ޶һ̣ٶʩչ籩װƷȥ
˫Ŀͬ䣬û˲ϸ⵭˸·ܶһУ
׿Τɱ㣬ѧӣ
һ䣬˫ƱգԲ⣬ƶʵһԲȦ̺ϾɾֵС
׿Τһ˫ۻɵԲȦȻоһ޷ܵĿֲϯ˫ƺܿȫԼơ
֮£׿ΤѾӦԼصӡԼؿ֮ϡ
ۣ
һѪ׿Τ籡
һ룬ֱӹڵϣ˫۴£ɫ԰ֽ۵ֻʣ޾㤡𺧡ʹ࣬š
һĻȫһļžѻȸʯĵܡ




383¡ȡԼ
 

֮˲ŷӦ˼㣬Уȫ޷֮ɫ𾪡ÿ϶
׽ͨˣһ֮䣬ͻ׿Ҵ٣
ңʹõĻͨ˼ѧ
û׿ˣͰ˴嶼ˡ
׿Τ书Ծѧôֵ̫ȭ
̡˼ѧڳеȻ˾ˣ˿ֲ
׿ΤǷ켫׿ҷƣȥ
һӸ£ѧǣĳ׵ױˢˣ̫ȭñȹ䴫ѧƻѵ˻ɣ
ЩѾضѧǿĹסȫ֪书;ͬ飬κѧ£ﵽ豹ľ磬󡢼ǿ
ڳǿУͨѧܷӳȹ񹦻ܡ
̫ǹ㳡ϴүǴֽȭǧǰһʦᣬϸҲһֹ䣬ֻӰˡ
̫ѾȫԽ̫ʦΡﵽ豹桢ɲľ磬׿Τķƶ˵д⡣
СӣҴҶ׿׺Źڵϵ׿Τʹ裬죬㱻޾ŭɡ
ʵ̫ˣ׿δ׿Τһ׽СӴڵأδ棿
ˣ׿׺ŭ˲ܵ۷壬ϱɱһУ
ת׿׺ɫܵȻһ˿ȡˡ
׿׺ŭ֮£ȫŭɱֱһ仰ȼ˲ӿϯ
δ䣬һֻɫӥ
׿׺˿ֲ͡˵˻һ쭷磬лЮ޾ŭɱ𺧵ȥ±׿ŭ𲨼
Ȼȴ˿վԭأȫ׿׺
ֻƮƮ˵һ䣺׿ٶȣɱӵٶȿô
һ仰ͱͣ׿׺λҵĴͿҵ˻Ӳͣ
Ϊˡ
ٶȣ׿׺֮ǰѾ˵֮ǰɱڵϵ׿Τ
ʱ׿ΤѾʧȥս֮ȫƾף޷ܡ
СӣɱҶ׼нҽ׿ҵȫضҪٲ׿׺ɫĴȵ
׿ңôͷƽûһ˿ĸ漴ֿص׿Τڣ㻹ҪȢ۶𣿡
ҡ׿Τڵϣɫ߷޲˺Ѫ⡣
ֻ֣֮ҪһƣͿԶҳԷ
ֻҪ۶ŹҲǾܵġ
ȻסʱռϷ磬Ͼ׿ң
Ҳв׿ңôһӵϣ
׿Τ޵˹Թҧгݣûпڻش
㻰أ㻹Ҫ۶ɻ𣿡һ֡
Ȼ׿Τȴһ⣬òĴ˸裬ʵ̫ˣ
ǰӳΪϣ˿Լڵȴһ棬ҳ仰̺ŨŨɱ⣡ɳĻɱ
ҲȢ۶ˣ׿ҺҵĻȡ׿ΤҧѪҧˣҲ
ܺá
ǹһ˿Ц⣬ۿȥ
ۿ뺣ꡢһǧɵ׿Τ񱻳̤ڵأģĳޱȣ
Գ¶һмû뵽ƾһ֮ô徳Բ׿Τܹأ˵ǿٴγ
׿׺ǿŭɫµĵҶȡԼſҿ뿪
ſ׿Τ뿪ǲʲôЦЦݺƽͣȫһƽˡ
Цݣȴôˣһ
ղۼ׿ǰɱˣһ׿ΤﻹҰѳͨˣֱΪǿصĳǿߣ
򵥵ѧ̫ȭӳȫѽϺպĹ׿ҷ
˭
˶²ˣǲžóֲܿܿ¡
׿׺𺣬۽ǳ˼£ĺȵСӣ׿ԸһɲҪôߣ֪ôһûıǰ̸ҹ
˵ɱ˵ġϵЦ˲Ӱ١
ţ׿׺ŭĿ֮Уˡ
⡢ʵ򼫿һƣֱӰ׿Τϡ
꣡
𣬴
׿Τ߶ûһ̱ڵأС
Ŀɿڴ˼άң漴뵹һ
ˣĸɱ׿Ҵ٣




384¡ʮɷ
 

Τ׿׺һҽУ׿ΤʬȥҲܳǰ
ȫԼ۾Ķӡ׿ҵδôɱˣ
һз·һֲĵجΣ
Ŷӵʬ壬ȷȷʵʵ͸ˣѣϢϾҲûһ˿ò
׿׺ĿŤ״񣬱׿Τʬ˻ʣһЪ˹ķӣ
׿˿żģסˣǰο
ֻܰԹޱȵĿ⣬Ͷ
׿Τ׿ˡǶ֮׵ϣ
ôˣβޣ
˴Ҳסˣ׿ټǰᣬ뵽ᷢ𺧵飡
ң򸾼׿Τ׿׺Ĳ⣬ܿȫ
䣬ΪĿ־塣
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ˣ硢ңȫһ̡
Ҫ˵ˣ
ĸĸ¶Цݡ
׿Τˣ
˵ɱ׿Τ޵˹
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ӣ׿׺׵ܣ׿ʯһΪҲޱȡ
ԸΪɭֱ׿Τ̲סŭ
ˣΤˣ׿׺ɳƣ˻е
׿ʯһ˫綾߰㿴ŭԹߺУһ˿塣
ղûг֣Ϊ֣û뵽ĸɱ׿Τ
ڣûг֣Ϊֻд徳صľ磬Ĵ׿׺Ǵ徳ء
˶׿ΤĴ徳ء
׿Τ׿δһУǵǰ׿ҵǿ֮ˡ
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䲻ǳ֣˶డ
ܹͳ˴壬Ŀɲ׿Τһˡ
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һ׿У߳ʮ徳֣ѸװٶΧס
׿׺Ȼûгʧȥǣͨ죬ԹĿ˳һۣ׿Τʬ˻ԭ̫ʦǰ
ֶۿ׿׺ⷬûгء
׿ΤѾɱʣµȫΪ塣
Χסʮ徳֣Ҳ⡣
ʮΧ֮һ̣ÿ϶ȻѪɷ
ʮɷ˲Ű׿լۡΪǳİ˴֮ˣ̲סȫ
ɫ䣬ɫȫɷˣ亹£
׿ʯ˵ģǴ˵׿ǿĵơֲɱ󡪡ʮɷ󰡣
˵УҪʮ徳һ֣ͬһɣ֮ˣǶĸ֣ҲҪɱ
Ҫ֪侳磬ÿһСصĲ඼ǳ޴󣬱Ӧʮ徳׿ʮɷΪƣ徳ĸֶȫˣ
Ȼղɱ׿Τ˾ǿҲǶǰصĸ֣ѳɵʮɷﻹл·ӣ
ˣ
ۿ˾󷨣һŷֱ³
뵽׿һǿĵƣֶΣ
ʱĺ촽΢΢ǽĽеѾɱ׿ΤӰɣΪ˵أ
ߣ׿ҵʮɷΧסӣ̫ˣ׿ʯѳɣûгò֮ǰ룬ڷǹЦ
Ϊɱ׿ΤͿԲ׿ңдھ۵ʱ̣
׿׺˫ĿͨޣȻסۣɭɭĵ׿ɱұɱ㣬ΪҶᣡУˣȫ
ۺӣװˣֻ³׵ľ塢̿֡
׿ˣҲɫҰףֹסĲ




385¡֮
 

ʮ徳֣Χס֮ת󷨹ÿڵңӦ໥·ʮڳһ塣
漴ÿֶԼĵУȡɢļ⵶
⵶ܶСҲǳ죬£м䣬˵ķâҫһ㵨սľ
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׿רƸôȡĺɵıʮɷ󷨣һ¥
ʮĵɷͫ΢΢һųĺ⣬ȵɷҪɭȻ
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ʮ׿Ҹȣ󷨿ʼת
˳׿Ҹֵ֣ʳն
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ѵɷйƮ·𻮿㣬˻ЮŹˣֻһգۼ䣬Ҫĸλ
յΧȴһ治ɫͶ䣬ֻڼСĿռתŲ纣һĹ
׿ҹ۳Ѹ͡ξտܣմһƬ½ǣ
ǿ׿ҵĶŲٶȿͬӰ뵽ǿ籩Χ֮£ܽȫȫܣ
һ˲䣬Ϊ˲ˣûĹˣ
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ʮѳ׿ҹоĪٶȲɵԼ
һ˺µʱʲôʩչʲôѧ¶޷ԲٶҲ֮½
¶֮ɫǹһȵ׿ҵĵɷҲˣֵҳˣ
ʱһֱܹû֣Ϊ˹۲׿ʮɷ󵽵ж
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ң׿Τǰ˵Ҫ壡
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386¡絶
 

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387¡ǿÿ£
 

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׿׺˭
˴˵֪Ϊ׿Һĵ׿ʯɫȴȫˡ
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Ļϣô׿Τʮ׿ҸֱնɱҲʲôڵ׿ٶȸˣµĸ߷壡
׿׺˾ٶ΢΢üѵ׿һظ֣
˶ԵʱƮɢڰеѪͻȻʧˣ
ţ׿Ҵ׿ׯ԰ڲÿ˵Ҳڲ
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Σʱ̣󷽵ǽͻȻһ춯صľ죬صʯǽһɲȻը
ʯ׷֮Уƿǽں󷽣߳һλ뷢סθߴźɫƹߡ




388¡׿
 

ߴߣ˾Ŀɿڴ𺳲ѡ
ϴĹۻϢ塢ÿ˵һ˲֮䣬ÿ˶ԼϼȡߣؼԪУϻ۶ȥ
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׿׺׿ʯ׿ǧ֮⣬ڳ˴һϵã׿ǰĻ˭֪߾׿ǧ
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ȫ޷ţ׿滹ŵĻǿΪܽ׿Ҵµĸ߷壬ӽһйң
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תô϶ͬ
׿ǧʻԳĵ׽磬ݡ
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˶٣СӣҲ书ǿ󣬵Ȼǹˣȴɱ׿ϷҪ㲻ú
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389¡Ѫħ
 

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Ŷ𣿡ЦЦɫƶ
׿ǧˣ޷ΪͷֵܱƵᡣ
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׿ҴǽУ͹һӱ׿ʱ䡣
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390¡
 

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׿ǧһ˫üȫɱСӣͷʱ䣬ֻνڣѾϷϻȪ·
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ǰ׽СӣôͽڴϹϵұǷΪа۴ˣʵ̫̫𾪣
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ΪΪ׿棬׿ǧȻɷսսһƬ
ص׿׺׿ʯֹסĲ
ˣһжˣ
Ҳ벻ǽڵϱ
а۴ˣٻǰ׿ҵʸ费üףǫʵ
׿ңλɽĹңΪڵӣʸȻ֪ġ
ʵϣЩң֪һ
˵绰ʱ򣬱ٶȸ˹
ܵƽĵֻ׿ɱˣȴû뵽׿㳲Ҫ壬úܣ
ⷬƳԷˮ򵥵ʵ̺һ˿ǵĺ⡣
ʸ迴һصʬϱڲкѪ죬룬а۴Ҫ׿ɾô˵úǱ׿۸Ƶģа۴˿ῪЦ




391¡׿Ҹ
 

ʸϣǹĵа۴ˣһССңҵǲ֪ߵغ񣬽ؽ׿𣡡
˵󣬱ʦڤȥ
ʦһͬǰ׿һλ棬ڶʮǰͻȻ
Ϣڣʸʦʱ˵׿ǧܿǼܻ
ʦ۶ϣʸһֱͷ
ΪǶأڹһٮٮߣ׿ǧʮǰǶԲ
˻ʸ貢дԼǰһ׿ûԶǵ֡
һ׿ңȻ׿ǧڳʸһصʦڤһͬǰΪӦ׿档
ڤʦֶ֪ʦֶأϾǳһңȻҪλߵĳ
ΪڿȻҪѭԸҲ룬׿ǧȵ׿Ϲʮ꣬û뵽ǶħҶа۴˳֣ҽڱҪϹ
ʵڲȫҲˡ
Ͼڤ˻ʸԳаۣҲаʲôߡ
ⷬ׿ǧĻֻҪ׿ңҸʦĽڡ
һңڹ粢С£ڲԵ޹ʶ׿ҳ֡
׿ǧɫȻսǰĽǿȻֻһ磬ǶĲ࣬ȴǵ
Դڤ׿ǧȻĶԳߺҲòһͨһڵϡ
֮ǰŭ졢һ׿棬ֱֱһϡ档
а۴ˡڤ׿ǧ˿һ˿߸ϵӣֻһϹС۲ʶ̩ɽ֪а۴ԭǽڵϱ´£а۴˲Са۴˸̧֣Сһ
׿ǧĵһ̣Ƴ׷˷ת
˴û뵽׿棬һ㷴ͷûУˡ
ɼڵжôֲԶԶǹҿԿġ
ݣÿ˿ֻóһصһҲ͸
һ˫ɵñƽʱ󣬺촽΢ţŵĿųԼͻȻʶˡ
֮ǰȣȫһˣ
ڵǿߣҪԳڹ綥˵ĳڣеĴ
ңҲŴͣ𾪣ϲ׿ǧԳģҲζǼ岻
𺳲ѵİ̾Ů˸εǿ˰
ŵϲ׿ǧЦһ˿ĵڣ֪ԼΪʲôɱˣ
С˲ҡС˲ң׿ǧϿͷģѵླһѪ
Į֮ɫ֪Ѿ̫ˡ
仰׿ǧͷ󺧣ֺ;ϽԨɲǼ䣬˷·ֲ˼ʮ꣬ݿ£ʬ
Ĳ߻ʮ꣬ΪܹɡչϢس磬£ǰδɣδ
׿ǧ۾˲ͨ죬Ѫ˿״񣬳ڤû֣ͻȻеа۴ˣҰФɱˣһ
˵꣬˫ƣǺޱȵ׿׺׿ʯȥ
׿׺ֵ֪ڻͻȻֲ֣֮£Դ˸ϡã
ˣ׿ҽʣһٶʮ׿ǧһˡ
û뵽ôĺԣﶼԥɱ̫ݶˣ
а۴ˣɱ𣿡׿ǧ˵ǰһЦЦη塣
Įҡҡͷ׿ϹѾʧķˣԼﶼɱҲֻǸ
а۴飬ڤᣬ֣ʳָָһ𣬻Ϊָһ˲֮䣬󽭴ӵĹԪָϻ۶ȥâţƾˣعΪ֮ɫ
ˣⱲӶûܼڵǿ֣߳һָ̺޾ܣ˶ɴ۾Ǵ۽磡
෴ģ׿ǧȴɫ䣬̿ڤҪɱ
־֮£ݺҧ⣬ѪĴ̼£ĵ׸ֳһ˿ܾôԴУҪӣ
׿ǧͷһα㻯ȰӰӣǽڿֱɶȥ
׿ϹߣڤнѳɣֺĽھ轣Уڴӿӳ£׿ǧֱնȥ
ۣ
׿ǧڤָһն֮£˱룬
׿һ̣ȫ




392¡
 

ʶ似ĽУ̲ס̾һڤý
а۴ˣޣʤ̿֡ڤǫĹ˹˵
ǺһЦڤǫˡ
죬ǻʸڤԼ׿棬Ԥϡ
ڳŽΪŴɣԳУûʸĵеɽ׿ңȻûгٵһӡ
ΨвԼķգ׿һ
ģڿһ
һɨӹȥ׿ˡ׿Τ϶³ȫڵϣĿѾȫɡ
ʣ°˴ˣȫɪɪɫ
һֱ׿ʹƿأ׿ҲĳὫҲһͬ¾
ûЩˣհĿͶۣЦ۶һжԺ㸸ĸúžˡ
лл㣬ܵܣߣӦΪа۴ˡ۸мЦУһ˿һȻ
ʱȻʧЦͱˡ
Ͼ۵ĵһΣѾΪԼŮˡ
˳˵ĹϵӦ֮֡
ȻһЦ漴¶ϲá֮ɫĸĸȥ
һڣžһ
һĻҲΪο
а۴ˣ׿ȫʲôҪ𣿡ʸͷʵ
úܺã׼׽硣
а۴ˣǽڷǳϣܳΪŵĿ䣬ʦֹ𣬸ǾĴϣܼһ档ڤС
ǹ𵭵ЦҿǽڵĿ䡣
ʸ衢ڤ仰ʱϲɫӵһλˣ
а۴ǽ¸ж£ڤ֣дſϲ
ʸҲһͬɫ
ĵһ󹦣ǼͷϣӦҲζŵλһˮǴˣ
д˴ֻ΢΢ͷ
а۴ˣʱǰɽڣ±ԡ£ɽԶӭʸѹϲ֮˵
ȴеΣȻӦڿ䣬ɲȥɽţΪһִˣҪˡ
Ҳ룬㿪ڵʱȥǽڣҿǺٸ˵ɡ
Ǳ㹧а۴˴ݹ٣
ʸڤ븩ס
һ£ֵ׿ҵĴ˴ׯ԰ƹܣҲϣҶǽռڦ
סʸа۴ƺҵĴС㣬ҲᣬȡһСĽɫƣ絯ȥһ˿ĵ˽ͬ٣ҵַ˵أɳʾƣ
統ѽӵУһ㶣漴¶ܳɫĸϲû뵽Ȼյôһݴ
ӵнڵĽ൱ܵڱӻʵȻ޷ڹ㣬нڵɽĻͿ԰κιˣ
лλˣла۴ˣˣȫصл
ÿжޱȵļϲ񣬳һ仰ֱӾͰǴӵ̧ã
ߴ壬˲λǣﻹ֪ôа۴ǸʵȮΪЧͣ
ΪЧ;ˣԺ͸Ұɡ˰֣ɲô嵱£Щ˶ûʲôʵ
ߴȻкʧ䣬ҲΥܸһҲǺܲˣϾĿɽλǿаۣнϹŴɽڡ
ɨ϶³ʬ壬ñٴοڵʸ裬Ҫƶʡϳʧܲܰ쵽
û⣬һ׽Сţֻ轣ȥһ⣬ϳڣʸԥĴӦϳŷ
ֹڣϵ׽ȨƶܹңһţָͿԽ串
ĵ˵ͷ
ˣһ䣬ʸڤиˣΪа۴˴ϳŶȥ
ԼҲ׼ȥ캣С
ۼҪߣԥһ£ڵܵܣýȥ
԰ֻĸĸ˵ţ򸾡
ۺЦ׿ѾԺҺ͸ĸʱʱžۣһʱ
ǰа۴д£Ǻ۶һᱨĶ飬۶һɣûйϵм˵
ЦЦǺðɡ
۵Цӯӯסֱۣһͬ߳׿Ҵ
ں濴ðϲŮܹ޸а۴˵Ļδǵڹ֮أܹΪĹ壡




393¡а
 

Ϻڰʿܣֱӿ׿ׯ԰
ֵʮ£ɽɫˣƵ־Ⱦʤա
ӿ׿һֱ޽ɽֹ·֮󣬸ʻϵתﲨܵܣ̫лˣ֮ǰֻɱ׿Τ׿ҶȫҲø׿ҵʹһڹ㣬˴£㶼֪ô㡭
ǰ۵ֻҪæɱ׿ΤѣΪǵȼ۵ġ
Ȼ֮Ѿ֮ǰСʱȴԼֵòʱˡ
۷ֳݣԶô򵥣ʵףҲض󣬲ȱǮƣȱȨƣܸʲô
αҡܵ˵
Ϊ˿̵ͻȻһʶ״̬˫֮Уһ㵭Ѫ
ɱ֮µѪɱ֮
ؿϣǲһɱɷаɱ
ǰɱ֮а֮ûгֻ֣ǺܵóԼûв
죬ɱ䣬ϳ˺ͼ׿ңڳ׿ׯ԰֮Ѫа֮ڳױˣ
аҽ֮󣬳аҽ䡷ϵĹаִɱ䣬մȾѪҸղıɣ޷תͣԭ֮£óԺиҪɱԵеķͷ
лһаҽ䡷ϾаҽǧѪûлɱ֮ĵķ
Ѹҽܿҵһ򵥴ֱĻⷽǾŮˡ
ܵܣôˣ۸ղż˼Ϊ˼Ҫô𣬸еСء
ڼ˫Ŀͨ죬Ѫ֣ܲԾ۲ɵõ²ǲǾһսˡ
ҵ򵥴ֱĻⷽĵʱаǣתŮޱȵȡ
ò˵Ĺǵۣʵ̫ˣ˼伫Ʒﲻˣһ˫۹˶ǣ촽ĸǰ͹£˿̲סԳ
˻ȵﻹ֪ʲô޵ƽһ˿̺죬ȻĵܵܣֻҪ룬ʱԡ
ѾͷаŰ˵ڸֻܵͷѺڰʿܿԱߵԭʼɭ֡
һСʱ֮󣬳ɽԭʼɭͳĺڰʿõĻ䡣
¿Ϲ·ʱɫҹĻ١
аȥɫָ糣ζղŵʱʱֻͻȻ
ʾ΢΢һͨ˵绰
ææпսӵ绰𣿡ֻͷhл̺ŨŨ˼֮顣
ҸæꡭȻ˵
hоģ΢Цæͺã㻹ǵãҪ캣пݳ𣿡
ҵȻǵãʲôʱ棬ӵʵ
h⣬˵ϲ֮飺ĩŶʱöޱѹǰŵƱȼĸ㡣
ô죬̫ˣѾȲ뿴hݳᡣЦ˵
hһӿˣûѹ캣мӰһݳᡣ
㵽ʱһҪһһϲ
ʲôϲʵ
h˵ǻ㾪ϲ֮ݳʽʼʱ֪ˡ
ҵĺëhӣͺ͵һǹһЦ
Ҿϲ㱻ӣhͳЦһĵˣҪʼæˣĩɣ
ĩ
Ҷϵ绰֮ɫ޳졢ʤƽʱۣһ˫ۺ֮ɫ˹ܵܣhĸС˰
ҵСˣҸʱڵĳˡʵ˵ûۡ
۵ĹϵѾչɲһĵزչٶȱ֮ǰʶŮҪࡣ
ҲǳԼ޷ƵģϾʵǸȻļƷ
ôһ˵ʱеģԭǳ˰ĽλhãҪҲʶ㣬׿ΤĻҶϽ㣬ѹҡ
ԣЦʱ򣬻ֻǸͨˣʲôûУܺʵǿĹҶԿ




394¡̤
 

۶ҾëhӦĽŶԣҺһôãû֮䷢չÿ졣ЦЦ˵
ϵӽˣܵܣû˵úӵ壬ӵһĽhһء
۶֮ǰ׿ң˵ҵŮˣҾ;Բ᲻𡣡
ԣһ漴ü΢ôŮֻһߣǿ϶ңҺܱɵģܵܣҲܹӵ㣬ֻҪǵнҵĴھ㹻ˡ
۶Զһϯ֮ءЦ˵
֪һŮ˸ԼĵһΣ͸ԼĳһǣԳҲ᲻ںŮ⣬ֻ˳ȻҲǿκһŮӡ
ԣˮ˸ʣۺ촽˹
һӵ֮˲ٶȷֿ
촽ζĵ۶ҵֻرô࣬ȥ캣лҪСʱҾȻȥ㸸ĸһ˻оС
ǽദһأϾص캣УЩŮΧˣȻнһϯ֮أҿɲܺΪѾռܶࡢܶˡ˿˵ĸζҪڻˡ
ЦЦпջ㣬Ҳʱ캣ңǲһʱ
ðɣǽ绰Ҹĸҡۼ˼֣˳⣬ԼҲ͸ĸžۣܵܣ·СŶ
ͷĿ³û̿ȥǵȵ򸾿ۼ۱ߣŷĵܡ
򸾻ٴζԳϹлֿŮϵĺ쳱ޣѾǹ˵еʱ֪Ůղźа۴˷ʲôϲ֮УŮӻȥˡ
캣еʱѾҹʱ֣˱ֱӻص庣һű
ľȫ׿ɱ˸죬ֺɽԭʼɭֶɹһСʱʱ⣬ǰȫɢˡ
ټ˻֮ƣģͺϴβ࣬ûţ϶һֱھΣյ顣
ϴ󶼰ﲻæһ֡
ûǰﲻκæֻܵ˻֮󣬾ľķĦϴ衢һٷʢ͡
ٵһϵз֮󣬳˺ܶ࣬ò˵˫̥ûǺܸɵŮ͡
ٽѧϰ֮󣬳̨ҪŽ촿սеս򣬽ϡаҽ䡷ϵĹʼȹ̵
ҹȶľˮת״̬
ڵѾָķţʱܵΪ֮ǰڱըУҪ徭ȫʢ״̬ܳнת
żһ;̰ðһڸ¡
ֻҪͰĻָöãͿ¼Ԧݺ۳ҡ
ҹʱֵʱͻȻ֮䣬ӦһǿϢķ
ۿȥ͸ͫܿ쿴ԶĺϣһߴӰ̤
ȻûӰݣư磬ٶ۵糸Ͼˣںһİߡ
λ֣΢΢ü캣СΧУ϶û
л֮ʱӦ֪ˡ
ۼԽԽܿ͵Ϻ΢ͣפһ£庣ߵĺϿ
ǸĿǳһű
ģиΪˣԺвɵùһ飬Լĳҡ
֮ǰᵽļӰй˾ƹӶ֮һ֮·޿ˣѵǸһ
˼䣬ϵλѾнɵһű
˲Ѱ·Ŷ͵±ֱ̤ϣʹǴ˵еġݡѧṦ
ƣϢۻ룬֮硣
ܿ죬־͵һų֮̋ɫ΢΢죬û뵽̨ϣȻһڴ
Ҳû뵽־ֱ̨
ڿԿһֵݡ
ֻ˴Լʮ꣬һżϵĹ罣Լĺɫ£ֶһʦ
˭Ϊδұ̨ʵ
ԷǸ֣ҲԼĵ̣ΪǿߣԼĵ̱ļ̤
ǷɫȻȻмĿڵ֮½δȥãС̨øеңĤݣ




395¡½Ұ
 

ưĻͫһ
ԭǰ̤λ֣Ǻŵ½죡
ʦ˵Ԫףˣ
ô½ʱ򣬾Ȼһˣģ
ͷһ¶һ˿⣺ҹǵҹ̤ҵĵ̣ǱǶս
սƿСֻǾ֮ܣ֪½ںͷŸҳ˿ԣƾһǳΪȫûʸһս½Ӹ£
Ծڵأĵ½죬֪ͻʦǲǣ
Ŷ㾹Ȼ֪Ȼ󣬵ҽҹû½΢΢ĳü˫΢죬ǰţƶʡѧһλʦ캣庣һűʴǰݻᡣ
̨֮ϣˣֻһ۱㿴ϰ䣬ضǺͬ߾ʦӣ
½˵ⷬʧм֮Ա
ع黪ģΪսʦᴫ˵һλ
ڼ֮󣬷ϰҲޣʦˡ
ˣ½ֻܰǰлĴţһƬѧߵĿꡣ
ѧ츳ߣţҲʮĿޣʮǰ̤ôһʮˣܹϵǼֱţĴˣ
߾磿֣ɵõһЦ½죬ں֪꣬ˣ죬νʦڻǿУҲ
Сҹ㲻һͨߣʵ߲ˮƽΪһٿڳԣʦѧǿĴڣֻǶΪ̫ǳˣˡ½һȻ̧̬ͷ죬ƶ
Ц½죬ݺѧô꣬ѵû˵Ĵڣ
磿С㻹һ֪½ٴΰĿŵϣûȷʵ˵磬ֻֻ翵Ĵ˵ڣҲ磬ҵߵʱֻЩؼƪˣνĹ֣Ѳڡ
ղһڶֱ±ߵṦݡǴӹƪϰƪҲõΨһؼˡ
ԻĹ缸һ֪ĲúЦΪ̤书ɣͻعսѧ֣ⲻ֪ǿߣڹ磬½ʶĻ۳ױ
ѧʦϴ徳Ĺߣ߰˾С磬Ͳһˡ
ѾĹ׿ң׿Τ׿׺׿ʯǴ徳ϵĹ֣͹½һģǸ׿׿ǧشԲʵѧƥУ
ȻڹҵأҲú½콲⣬ֻǹһ˿ϷʵЦ½죬˴λģҪսЩѧң
½һ㹧ûУһֱûĸѧСҶ˲вЩá
˷عҪսĸʦսǰŭ뽫ľ״̬ݣҲܸһСƽϡ
ˣ½ֻǵһĵСһƤëȴ֪ѧĸʦڣҽҹȻٴ˵أ㳤ʶɡ
ԿѧֻʮλʦλսɱвϲԴģֻλҵҪǰսģڽˮʯӵһλʦںף
£иӹ㷢Ӣ뽭ѧĸѧǰսСʦͷҲմ⣬ǰʯ򿪿۽磬츳ˣܹۿʦ֮սضΪǳ
㲻ҪսںףҪսλʦ½ΪѧǰĽ⣬ûһܳĸоȤ
½찵ҡͷ˶ĵ㲦벻⣬עǸµµΪƽӹߣŵ˼ˣֻǴŰȻ֮û½ҪսĽλʦժѧµһţ
Ǳ޿ޣںݷô꣬ṳ̂ڣΪ˳ɾʦһʱعһ£
ִͨ޷⣬ôڻ书µһ˴ڣµһÿһ˵ϵ




396¡ս
 

µһ˵Ҷ뵱һµһˡ·µһͷ
½Ѿϰ˵ĺˣֻǴʼյİȻСϣ仹飬컨ģҹѧ츳ƽƽ˵ͻǽ뵤Ҫľһӵʱ䣬Ȼ츳ޣͲҪǿԼԾڴˣлԵʯҡ
ȵȣ½ܶҪ˷ȥվæס
½Ŀһô㻹£
֮ǰ˵̨̤ǶҵսҪս飡䡢˵ȴ޼ɵİ
׿Ҵս֮״̬ûȫָ˽ҹ½춯֡
Ⲣţ½ȥǿߵĵ̡ϲܵһ˿һļ̤ơ
ңҲѧʦ͹ĸֵк
½ԣǹмЦСʵ̫֪ν֪ߵغˣ
Ȼս飡
Сӣȫ֪ʦʲô
ԳʦݣͿһСӡ
½ûôΪȫмСӸûʸ֡
սǾʮ꣬ʱԺֻһָҹС
½˵֮α̨ƮȻȥֻ»ڣ֤˵ʦٵӰ
Ŀ½ȥҲû׷Ҫ黹ǵԼ壬ָԪ
½̨̤֮Ǽˡ
λڽˮ֮УΪʤصʯ򣬳Ϣò֮󣬾ͳǰһˡ
½첢û˵Լսں׵ڣ룬ܺ͸Ρõ
캣춨ݵ䶨ʦֻа𣬹ƶûбսʸ϶ûõġ
һ֮󣬳ֱס
ɫһ𹦷صͺճѧԼϼŴá
죬źܿյϳ߽Ϣ
ԽڡʸֶΣͶͿϳʧοǵ϶³Ѿ
гֺܶ˻ûϰ࣬絽ġ
ˣֵ߽칫ңƳҲû
Ƴεİ칫ϣһƮƳڴ˵㡣
ʱеԳСš
칫ϵ⿴˿ûŴڣܹھ칫Ƭ
ûһӣƳξ߽ˡ
ֻλŮüĿ续֬˵ʢˣĸ㼡ȻżԼĶŮԷװ磬ȴǻİ˳ߴ硣
ɵðһ¿ˮСôԽԽԽԽˣ
ѵԴӺۿ˻֮аǣò۵ŮҲ
ڻһģԼҪ΢һΪá
ȵѱƳξ۵ףåһ˵Ŀǵ⡣
ΪڲͬССľ칫ңûһŵˡ
Ȼʹɫú顢δµƳеСš
ôİƳ⣬һ˫ųʾٿÿĵطˡ
ȴ޼ɵţЦеĵⲻΪ˸ܻ㱨Ϣ˾
ߣҵ㣬绰Ϣûأڲ㱨Ϣ֪֪Һͱൣ°Ƴ˫ֱأе˵
ԶʱЩΣɱ䣬ֺһʱ䣬˶ھ񿺷״̬һʱû뵽᰺Ƴλظ
ڨЦһ֮ڿû£ˣ
֮´һҪظҺͱ㣬Ȼһ϶˯šƳȦһӣϵ˰ҹΪ˳˯ţˣ˵Ϣɡ
ϢǣϳŴӴ֮ƶʡˣü죬ܿĵ
ƳԣɵôģʲôͰϳȫʰˣôܣ
ϳƶʡŵҵٹ̣ƳҲһ֮䣬Ϳϳ߽⡣
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᰸ղǷó뵽δĿԣŮܲòȫķյģᵽ۵ʱûгֺǿҵķӦûԳǸ󵨵뷨пΪ




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ʦǵģĻ̫˵ֵǶĶǺúףһһ߿һϲɫ˵




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һᴩ캣г˹ӣӰߵΧС̯֮⻹к֧ܶС·ġ
ȻĶŮ·ΪϳֵĴŮӡ
֣лţ𱬵տ̯ҸλѾſˮȥʽտˣһСԻ
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˼ŮͣǮװףɵðЦĸҪǸŮȥֻܱƱ




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֣ԭлͽһ𣬻Ŵϵġ
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óӦлĳŮױ˵ĻԻرǽֻˡ
ͨ۲죬֪лûкͽͻĵߣǴ֮һŮӣ类ֻϴˡ
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Ů˵޹˼ɣҲ˲ˣȻѾʵӰú
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ӵļֵͶְҵ֮һֱˡ
֣Ǻúüû˵֮ŲĿڵǰǱֵܳİ£Ѿ𰲱˾ľһ¹򣬲ֵ롣
仰˳ѳ̧ˣ̫
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֣ʱ˵ȻȻշ˹ʣҲֱӰֻϢóſ
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ʲôӣƽȴһ˿΢Ц⡣
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˵꣬ϵһлʮΡ
֣ôкܲѿڶʵϼš
ֵܣ˵ˡɫƽŵĻν㻹Ҫȥݳᰲȥɡ
˵ţҪ
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֣˼͵ǴǷhݳᣬѾǹ˾ȥ
ۣȻǷhҵż񣡡ű˷ܿţҪλϱˣ֣ȥhݳѿݳᣬ̫ˬˣƱûء
ȥݳᰲأӦûʱ俴ݳġ֣˵
һȻʲô˵ôߴϣҪۻĶżݳȥԺһ飬ͻȻʵȻhݳǸ𰲱ܲߺŽȥ




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˼ǰ˾Υְҵ£Ϊǲܴͷߺš֣һɫ˵
Ǿ˳ܹĲѬգԭԵ⣬һ
ŶʱüëУʲôְҵ£СҸ˵ҪܰҺлȥhݳᣬұ֤ܰл׷֣
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룬ǺҡļԼԭҡҡͷ
ŵʱʲô˷ܾʧˣһûӣſ֣ĹϵߺȥhݳᣬͿȦ΢ϷƬúҫһء
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֣¶ɫǿ۳תŵֻǸֳ޷Ʊǿԡ
֣һ˵ȷʵͨлݳŪƱò
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źһʹţɣ룬ҿǸŪ
ΪרųݳƱĻţҲܣţҲǺǮģôɳӡ
ŵıӣֻЦöѴࡣ
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ѣٴЦл㿴һһᴵţӦҵ˼ɣ
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Ե۾۲þãŹ֣˵κһϸڣû˵ѡ
ʱһ˼ĿĽеǷhĺѰ
Ų㡣ԹԵĺһơƣһӡ
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΢Цҹڶ˹ӱߵԬտ̯
ãϹطѩҲ̴ӦǵһԼĵŮֱͨͨ
ҵ绰ЦЦĿŵŮѴҲ׷߽й£Ŀǿ϶浽
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Ǿллˡ֣ʱһϲ֮ɫ漴еŵĶлʵлȥhݳֵܿŪƱ
лԶʱԥǴӦˣ᲻˵۵ӣ
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ڵŮӶԷhΪżɣȴҪֲŻԷҲר֣ĸŮӲΪʵżأ
лҲȥhݳᣬ¶ĵðԸȥʱƱǮת㡣
ˣƱҸŪģ͡ʮ˵
зhڣⷬȻʮеġ
ŪƱллѡ
ԱߵžĽʵˣôǳܸ㵽hݳƱһʱ߰ѻ˵ôأ
£뷴ڶˣǸֻܺݺݵĹһơơ
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Ҫߵģ΢ĿȥˣǲˣŮֵ׷󣬼ְɣú
ⷬȻ˵úأȴǷԷθ̥󣬻ҪΪ̣æ˵ĺӣ治ˡ
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ʱˣûطѩŮѣղǷҲ϶Ҫ˵ڵġ
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Щŵ̯ЦͷǸǹǮϵͷƶӳãЩǮȥȲ裡
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ƶӳǸӵ⣬ûոͷ̯λ
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ҲܵĳײƶӳΣհ
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ǡǲǣŵ׷æֳ壬±ƶӳǨŭϡ
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ҲҡҡͷҪŵ׷߰æƾ֣Ҳ㹻ˡ
ֻʵ̥ˣһжûУǱ
ٺ٣Ƕһտˣ˵ǺСһģƶӳɲɵǰһȺŮھ۲ͳտأлиŮ̲ס࿴ۣĿ¶̰֮ɫڷһתеĻʶ࣬û赲һƴӳ£ҪܸҰСһ٣ǵȫˣ
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֣ҪڣȴһЦȻƴӳô˵֣ͲҪˣһӡ




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仰ʱ˴㵡첻ѡ
ĿһҪԸƴӳ߰˸ǹСܣ
ǰ̯̯ǹֵŮԶԶֵܹ·ˣó϶Ƿˡ
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ƶӳЦˣĳǹСҲЦˣЦǱġмȫóǲҿԡ
㲻Ҫ嶯֣ȰȰֵܰɣлһԽ˵
֣תͷȥлЦЦõģֱˣ
仰лȻסˣѵز¶ĸ֣ζ
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лһ£ʾ˵ˣ֣ûȰֿطѩͬѧǳŮѣȰȰ嶯𣿡
طѩ΢ЦҡҡͷҲһȫĵɫߵߣĶ˵Ŷ
֮ǰ̽򣬼ϵƦֺʱܵشһ㣬ã캣У³һʱûƺѳǹܴˣִ˲̫ô
ѩģзִ硣΢΢תͷطѩһЦ
˼˵طѩ̲ܵסСһ죬˿ˡ
ȵĽûƶӳĽּʡ
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ƶӳǾԼˣһŮ𣬲СӺݺһ٣йĻ
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˶̾ҪɹˣȻǺϾվţ߰˸ǹܵĹ޶á
ȻȫܣҲ뱻Щǹܵ
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ֵĳǹǣĸǾôоԼȭͷ򵽳ϣȴһӰֱˣ
ֻطѩ֣֪Ϊֵ棬𺳵ӾЧ
һܵʮֻȭͷȫλĹȷʵڳ˶ò˼飡
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ȻûһΧȺԸסǣЩǹͨͨˤڼӲ·ϣоȫͷҪˤɢˣʹ죬
ȻȴûȥЩǹܣ˵Ŀ⣬ͨͨ۶ȥ
ţȫȻÿ˶ɴ۾֮ɫ
ȫţȻֻһȭɱ߰˸ǹܣ
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ڳԵطѩҲĿųȻϵɱ߰˸ǹܣǾһ̵ĳһ˧
ĸŮӣϣԼѴͷأ
ңֳжŮΪվһ˵ġ
뵽طѩޱȵۡ
лź׷ҲˣĿ࣬ȫ˵
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ǸоԼϻۣΪܿĳأû뵽书£ĲûڣԼղ˵һѵĻ
׷𾪹гĽ֮ɫҲѵǹܣͷ
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һʱ֮䣬еԻ
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طѩԣ˸ĵЩŮ㣬ܺ˵˵𣿡
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ѩ㣬ԡ׵ˮˣϴɣٸ㡣иֽ֮ɫǣŽ֣Ц߳ԡҡ
طѩ˫̥ûȥ»᲻˵˵ȥͱʾǲ˵ˡ
뵽طѩɵҧҧӣһŮʣ޸ʵ̫ˣԽԽûףܾܲùôŮͳһ𡭡
ŮƫԵģطѩһ˼֮󣬲ſʼϴ衣
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컹Ҫѧȥ˯ˣô㻹Ҫǰæ𣿡ɳϣĻش
طѩæ˵ûУǺú˯ɡ
ĲɵðղǲǺʲôֻں˼Ҳûʲôãȫ֪ղԡ飬Ҳס飬ĵҲ˯ɣҾͲסһ
ӭסֵЦ߰ɣһ¥
طѩ仰еɬˣ촩ŵڵʵʵ˯£ϴֻһϺٵԡ
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ĻǱ߽ȵˣطѩ˿ûɵĲ˽šѹȸС
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ǣԺһڸѾ㵱Ůˣһͬ޶Ǻ飬ֻҪԽУϴͳ׷йһ𣿡
·ħջطѩѹסɬǺòıǼĺʱҾͳ׷Ŀ飬֪Ҳа֮ˡ
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һߣȻ濴ȥ࣬ʵҲܲܣͰ·޿˵ζȭҲ
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ķűţɫ԰׵վһڿҪ֧Ųסʱ򣬴Ŵˣ崿ֽ޵طѩ߳
⸱ģطѩʱʧɫôˣ
ʱ򣬷ֳڴϣңֳҲˣֻʣһˣĵ绰ִͨ
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ѩȥ˸ӾеۡǹŲҵ΢Цû˵·޿ˣҲǲطѩġ
طѩһʪģȷʵݹˮԳʣôȥγӾôأֻƻѪ죬ѪģȥĿġ




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ǲǷʲô£ҵĲҡطѩɫǹе˵ѾŮˣ۷ôΣյ飬ҶԸһе
طѩǹػ֮ɫһůЦʵǺ˴һܡ
δ䣬Ѿӿſڱɻڵأ֧Ųסˡ
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ۼƺѵÿҪʧȥʶˣطѩ鼱֮£ֻܲ绰оȻ
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캣ҽԺÿ춼дĲβΪ
ȻԱһߴȺɢһ߰ѳ̧֢ң򵥵֮ȷϳֻ͸֧ȣû˲ֻҪҺ
ϵҽϳǳҽԴ¸ӲҵˣҺ֮󣬷ԸʿһҪúտ
ҽԺϯҽʦϲڣҲһʱ
һæµȷϳûΣգطѩԷڲ
ԼҺһСʱ󣬳ת
ԼڲΪаҽߣû뵽Ҳ˾εһ졣
ߣطѩüתϲĵ˵ڸоô
˲١һЦлл㣬ѩ
׺˭ˣǳôңȫ֪طѩܵǣû뵽˯ŵʱ򣬳Ȼôյ顣
Ҳطѩˣ򵥵ĽӰйӶ˾ɱᡢ·޿ǰĸ˵һ顣
طѩСǣ缶ĹӶ֯𣬶һΪᰡ
Ѿᰶɹʱж˰ΣĵǣжᰵĽ
ԭϼŵŮܲãѾͳй˿̹ĵľ
ɱ˼Ӱй˾ƼӶǿ϶ҪɳǿԸ㣬ԺһҪСġطѩѵ
ǹ΢Цɱ٣ҾͿӰй˾ĲǵսѾʧƹӶ֮һҪжսʧĻ²ҳ֣֯Ҫ֯ɵˣ
ϵĶӶ֯ʵǿ󣬾ҲǳңӶ֪֯Ӱй˾ĺ֮·޿ѾЩӶ֯ͻ޼ɵĺͼӰ⡣
ʵϣĲȷġ
ɱ·޿˲֮󣬼Ӱй˾ֲͨ·޿ڵӦ֪·޿˵
ڣӰй˾ĸ߲ȫ޾𾪵״̬֮УBOSSѷѾٿ飬ְ·޿ĺвԡ
Ǻܿ۳ʱԼԳĸ
ƹӶһˣ˾ʵۿۣӶ֯ʵƣǱȹ˾ָȫʢʱڣŻԳ׷ɱ
طѩķЩǵ˵ϣӰк˵һ㱨𡣡
һսѳһͨ˻΢Լȴţϸһ˿֮ɫ
طѩĵ뷨𣬲ָطѩ⻬գ΢Ц㣬ڿɲܺúõҽԺѩҺܴæء
طѩձһƬߣһ˲ϼ˫գĻеϲ
ɬʵҸƻԡ
һɫɲͣôƯķѩﻹЦ˵дطѩΪ߷ȶ֮Уò˵
طѩһڵ۳ˣô컬ࡣ
˵˳ħצ𲡴ϵһƻϸĵ
طѩܿһƻسһСƬЦеĵ۵öˣιҳ԰ɡ
ղŻأھͶˣ㡣طѩ˳һۣǰ߰ϲİƻƬιУС˵ſ죬
ƻƬԵУ˼ڣü۴Ц˵óԡ
˵ƻóԣһ˫۾ȴ޼ɵطѩ飬ľɫòġ
طѩøɬˣҧӣɫ࣬ҲιˣԼ԰ɡ
𰡣ûιҳԣƻһ㶼óԣæƵ˵
طѩһЦһû취ˣСƵģڸأҲ֪




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ŨӣļСʿĶĽ
νֻԧ첻ɣСʿѾͨҽĿУ֪ǳҽطѩֳôƯνˣˡ
ƻǽϵʱӣͻȻʲôڵѩֻҴµ绰
طѩóۺֻǵƻݸеڻ˭
Ҳ룬ǲһ롣
ιǣһߣһֶһǧ֮
Ϥ΢΢һЦᰣҡ
绰ͷ᰾ϲĽе̺ŨŨĵ֮飬ôûϰ࣬ǲַʲô£
Դϴִը¹֮᰾͸ΪעԼͳİȫ˳ûϰ࣬һʱ֪ˣֻǲĵ绰ȫͨ˿̷ǳǣóʹ绰ˡ
᰻жޱȵ⣬һůûˣֻ賿ʱӰй˾ƹӶҽǹӶɱ֮͸֧ҽԺҺ
ļҽԺϹһֱ߷صĹȫˣ˿ֻгһˡ
˵Լ캣ҽԺúϢҶϵ绰׼
طѩڲߣҪ̽һ£ӣҪҪȻرһ£
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ڵ᰺طѩ˵еĹϵ
طѩѾ֪ᰳԽʵ̶ܳȻõö࣬ᰳ֪ͷh鸴ȼ֮⣬ɲ֪ŮԵ
᰹طѩ᲻˶
ϾᰵԸҪ˽ѾǳףȹҴ󹤳̡
һһ֮£ֱǸ顢ıɽܲãô֮ǰһľȫ׷ˣ
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һʱ֮䣬ԥ
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طѩͳ׷һ֮󣬾¶ģһҪᰡ
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ѩҲ˺㡣еɬ᲻мλõŮӣҲȫ˺ǡ
ˣһֱԼ񣬶῿ԼĳʵΥĵѡ
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طѩЦҡҡͷû˺ңһжԸģǱ᰽㣬
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֮һֱᰣҲò׻Ĳأˣʱڵĺ֢ȫҲֻα겻α
طѩ΢Цŵ˵ͷоһ̣Լһŷȫͳһ
ٶȲ绰ԺиһٻӰǾƳΡ
ŴС㣬ûȥ˾˵᰻Ҫ绰϶ˣԱҲƽ
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ûƭ㣬ͿԿˡԼȻɡ
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Ƴν㣿طѩڴߣգһ˫ˮζʵ
һ飬ڨЦǰƳûȥϰ࣬϶Ҫ绰ңҵֻںˮŪˡ




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Ҿ˵Ƴν϶վġطѩԹСֱų
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طѩһƬ飬Ĳɵð
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ϼܲѾͣ׼ǰ캣ҽԺ
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ҲĲԾˣ֪þȻԳ˹ġ
ҲǣϾƳһţദʱҲˣ϶ΪѹϵҲǺġ
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һǲҪ˶ϸңƳμЩˣˮת첽ǰɫôˣ費ҪҸ㶯
áеЦãС㲻Ϊ˰ɣֻ͸֧ûʲô󰭡
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ۣòһ˼ɫƷŮһ𣬷羰ʤա
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ڳʱطѩѾЦӦҽطѩǳѧĺѡ
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ѾͳԽ˿ȴǳϵѣóطѩ˶еһ˿档
᰿ͱŮӹϵУӦŭŶԣȴ˻лطѩǼ˵ıԸȫ
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ҲŮ֮𣬴˿ֻԼҽǲˣ˱˼ɵƿ·֮˺ۼ΢΢һ档
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˵֮󣬾ӯ߳ţȥˡ
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庣ı캣зߵģƾϼŵнˮʱڣɲκһס
ҡҡͷ΢ЦͲ´ˣס庣һű͸ҵġ
ۣһűƳζʱޱȾ棬û뵽һűˣȻǳ




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ݸһЦҪҪôţ
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Һʶôã㶼ûңȴطѩȥҹһ˯˵ûģƳβˡ
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ʵϣ汻Ƴ˵Щ飬Ϊطѩȷʵ˯һŴϣֻûġ˯ѡ
Ƴи֮ɫɫǣ˼һ绨Ůҹô֣ҲŲء
̫ԩˣҿԶ췢ģûԷѩʲôڲϾ˫֣Ҫ췢ġ
ƳμĶ̲סһЦûĵģԽǷԽйСʵ
˵仰ԼҲɵýҪǳطѩʲôǾζͱ㶼ûлˡ
ðɣѩֻҵĴ˯һҹʱҾͳȥͼӰƹӶɱˣûз顣ɫΣʵ
Ƴεĵԭǻ˯һ𰡣ߣǱɫˣѩóô崿Ȼ㡢㡭ߺߣ
Ҷ˵ûʲôˣҪ治Ҳû취ûһ˿һΡ
Ƴֱ˳۾ôãȫû˵ѵӣԼԿó
ʲôʱתԣ˾ˣƳһŵ˵ȴǰϲһ
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˭˭һ㱻С㿴ţһӴ⣬һҹ˯ءƳ˫ֱأη˵
ǵϷ֮ŨˣͬʱڴƳε׻ô
ʱһСʿ߹𾴵ʵҽҽҸҹʲôҪʱҡ
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ڼȲĻ뾭칫Ҵྶͥҹʱ֣ûʲôš
ƳԽ룬Խ죬Լôô嶯һأ
ٿĿеһƬȣƳæеҸ۾Һú˯
㲻Ҫңǲ˾ҵءЦЦĿ
ƳǾ续Ůգģǰ͹¡ߴ羪˵岿λó̲סĴһа
ʵ̫Ư̫Ʒˣ˼ɫˡ
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ǵŴСղ˵ôη壬ڻˣüЦˡ
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Ҫ죬ѵСҪ
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һҷϮƳξȻ˵ֱϣų




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˿̣Ƴε̵Լ̫ˣȻڲһ˯һҪǱʿô졭
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ֻǣƳθоⲡҲ̫ˣղжϵĴСȫһ˯ȥܱ֤һ˲´
ƳνȣǲϮĵ㣬аǵø
鷽ʽܲڣû
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ӺѵܱСŮӿˣ˯ɡǿѹסа𣬱۾ܿϸ΢
ƳԭޱȽŵҲɲ٣ͬʱһ˿΢΢ʧУƽʱռ˶ٴˣھȻװ˾ͻȻое㲻ϰߡ
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ڶ죬ͻȻóֱ˹
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άƣҪƲסԼа
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ڳ׼ٵЦʱһСʿ߽ǸԭҪҹСʿ
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һߵĲǼ֢ңôӣ˵ܿ˷˲ƳΪҽ˿̶ܺ档
ǲǣ˺صĲոձͽڵļ֢ңСʿ˵ţҲüͷղſҽԺרǵɫܲÿ滹һȺ캣и߹٣շǳأǵĲܲΡ
ԣ΢΢죬Ȼǲǵز
ϴУͼһ棬
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ΪҽߣҲ룬ȥǵʲô
ֱӷ´ЬӣҪȥ
㻹ûȫɣôô´Ƴιеʵ
ȥǵͷ˵Ҳȥɣ
ƳֻõͷǣҪȥβǣԼûþžˣҲò
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ŶƳκСʿں档
һ棬ϹȻΪݵļɫǵ캣ڶ߹٣гϳм쵼
⣬ҽԺҽѧרŶӣȫＯϣҽԺϯҽʦҲС
ҪǱȥ׼ǵ;ȴ
СӣҴ粡Σ㲻Ҫȥҽƣһװģס




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ǲ˰ɣ˴˳һ£Ų˵·ΪҽβģСӣҪҴ磬㿴鲻أԺȥ
Ҫ˵ЩʲôԱһۿͻȻŭе㲻Ǹʲôճµ𣿿ҹҪӰҰƣ
Ҳ֪ĻΧһȦݶһͳʲôԹ
ˣԭǲǵĶӲŭӣǶԵԼپܾ飬ڻ
ֵܾøҹԹÿ˵
ǲصʱ̣úһϻ
ǳ仰ȴòǵļȫɴ۾ǿᣬʮͷȻԼܾȲǵ˵˭ţ
Ҫ֪ҽԺҽѧרŶӣ캣ҽѧ̩ɽΣڻû۳βǵķء
˵ʲôҽˣŲ·һӣôҵģβǡ
ճµģҰҪȣûˣһŭ
ǵֵܣλҲһߣһëͷС֣˵Сӣ뿪ȻҾͽҽԺˡ
˵ͨҲ˵ˣĿ⿴ϵλãҪȴϴһҽѧרңѾ߽
аվȲˣţҲãȻҽ߱ģȲǣҲܲһͷƳֻصԼĲ
ڲ£ƳκʵǲǵĶӣʲô𣿡
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ǰһסһű֪˵ȥǣҳԺɡһԤϵĿ˵
ƳνЦô֪ǣ
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һߣڼҲϣ˫ĿգϺѪɫ䣬·Ҫһ㣬ʮֹ졣
Ϻһҽѧרվڲǰɫأüͷǻǵһμ˹Ĳ֢κҽѧֶκҽѧ豸鲻
ҽԺĸԺԽԽǽ̲סڵϣô찡񡢺Ҫˣ
ԺҽѧҲжϲΣ
ҽѧרĻɫѿˣҽԺҽѧӢȻԲǵز޲ߣȫ߲ѣޱȣûȥԲǵļڶ캣и߹١
Ҳǿһ˫üšһ飬ŲǵԽԽ΢ͻȻҧҧΪ֮ƣֻȥҽˣ
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˵ҽѧרҾҽϲҽԺûи֪飻һΪǵزѲҲûл˵
⣬ǵһ캣и߹쵼ǣϴҽѧרŶӳĿͶȥ
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ܱǸǵĲ鲻ֹۣǲҪȥһλҽһǸ˵
ʱüͷϣ캣õҽ㶼ҴĲû취ڻȥҽ
ϵĵǡ֮ɫŨڻȥҽһһ˷ѵʱ䣬²ǵûˣ
ģλҽҽҸھҽԺϾͿϺĵĽ͵




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˵ĶԻ˶˵ҽԺﻹһλҽԭǳĵ˶ʱֶһ˿ڴ֮ɫ
Ⱥóһ·˶۰Ͱ͵Ŀȥ
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ҽ϶ʱϲ⣬֮ǰе㲻ţϾҽôôԼסҽԺ
ڿ˲·ȷǳĲΪ档
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ģҽҹͻֲȫϽҽ̫ǳʲô֢ڲǲʮΣϣܳ־Σһ˵
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ϺҽѧרǸں棬ƳҲٴθ˳ȥ
ǺһͨˡһŮһ˵һʱעĲǸͨˣƳΡ
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ֻһ캣и߹٣ɨʱд죬ˣǵкܶ쵼ӡ󣬾ĳ
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УҲһҽҰֱ֣ӵϣŭ
ɫҲܲÿϣҲòҽԺûҽ£һˣҪҴ约𣿡
ⷬ˵ʮأѽ˵ɫˡ
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Ϊ캣쵼ǲ̼ҵĹǣҪǵˣ̼Ҷҵ䡣
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ңʡҽѧרҹҪһСʱʱ²ѹˣ
ȻټóƣǰһȺ̼˵ţ϶ǲųȥġ
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ųƺߣϸʣزҪҽԺˣ
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ĲȲ𣿡Ƴμӣʵ
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ȻƳҲԲ̼˵̬ȣǳߣҲǺġ
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лһУ𷢱ۣĸߴƸǸһȡ
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Ȳ̼ˣԭšǵʡҽʦ뼱֢֮󣬻˲٣ƺʡҽʦܹɹβǣмġ
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ĲˡƳҲʡҽʦǵסȷʵһҽ緶Զ캣ֶ߳еҽѧˮƽɱȵġ
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ڣ̲סʵԼҽǵĲ𣿡
Լҽʦ˼ôãûüĿеҲסˣһҽԺҽѧ豸̫޷ǲ򣡡




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Լ۵һ˿мڲһȦٹעǵĲ鿴豸Ŀʽͺ
ǵҽѧ豸񣬲ͣáԼ˽ۣƺȫ豸
ϺµҽѧרҶʱɫе㲻ÿҽ鲻ǲҲˣȻҽԺҽѧ豸Ƚҽʦв
ʡҽʦ׷׶ԼĽ۱ʾͬһҽʦҡͷϣȻԼҽ˵ǵҽѧ豸УôǵĲΪˡ
ԼҽʡһҽԺϯʣܲ취ϴ˿ֻȲǵȻԼĻˬҲֻ
ҽʦԣЦԼСʵԼˣϣȻ𣿡
УֻȲԼһ˿Įһ˿߰Ӧ˵ǻĵҽԺȲҪ͵ӥţѧҽԺȽҽѧΣаٷ֮ʮĳɹʡ
䣬εĳ˶ԻҽĲм
ϺҽѧŶһɫѿˣҵҽѧȷʵʵǿҽҲȫһǴԼʵ̫ˡ
ңԼԼҲԲǵĹֲް취ٷ֮ʮĳɹʿ¶Ǵġ
ʡҽʦȴһķе飬׷ĴָԼҵҽѧʵ̫ˣֲֹȻаٷ֮ʮɹʣһҽѧĪ
Щʡҽʦýϰҡͷҽ֮ңܴһԭΪڵҽѧäĿҽѧƶʡʡһҽԺҪһλҽʦų档
ھԼڴţҲţѧҽԺȥΣԼĻǸ̡
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ڲȻҲðο̼ˣֻǮˡ
ɫأҧҧſڵԲˡΪ޷Ȳǵ
һϵĲ̼˶ʱ·౻˺һ㣬Ů޳£ʹ飬Ǽ¥һƬ
ǵĶӲǺޣе֡֡㲻ģҲˣ
캣еڶ߹쵼ҲĬɫʹ
˾Ƴοöˣ֮˵ʵ̫˱ʹ
֣˱鵭ĮԼʡҽʦ֮⣬ɫҲ˵ɣһҲûгصĸо
ˣ㻹ͦҿǿ޳ܲˡƳΰ˵
ҵȻΪǸû
仰ϡƽҲȻһƬ֮̾Уȴ·һף˶ը죬
˲Լͬ
Ȼ󲿷˲ΪûеϲԼͽ϶϶ǲŵ£Ȼ
ʱСӣҴ˶ˣ㻹˵ʲôߣҴ簲Ϣ
ճµģ϶ĻҰ֣Ҫ㣡˿˫ĿѪ죬Ѿʧȥǣųǰ׵ﵽͷ




432¡Ǹ
 

ŲЦһžһһƣֱȵڵء
Ҵ
ԲΪףв̼ŭΧ
ǲţѾʹ˾Ȼǵ棬ش˲һƣӣ̼˵ŭȫˣ
ʱҪһйڣȻ̼˵йĶ
Щ۵Ĳ̼ΧƳζʱ־֮ɫ
ĳ̼˴򣬶ǵĳͲ̼ﶯǿɾͲ̫ˡ
Щ̼ˣûٵĲʧȥǣֻΧסû
ͲǵһѲֻһָӡס
һƴúأҲѲˣź⿴ųճµģҲٿ㣡
Ǻǣϣ㲻Ҫڡ˵
ԭѾ־βǡ
ǲĪķߺޣЩ̼˵̬ȣ˾˵ͷ
ڵĳ׷˳⣬ңڣῴκ˵ɫ¡
аҽţʥĸ
ÿ춼ôȥֻһÿ˶ȥȡ
ֻ֮ǰŹǸ쵼Ŷ˾֮ġ
ڣǵ޹ˡ
ƳΣߡתҪƳ뿪
ҽȵȣ
ͻȻһϤûͷҲ֪ǽϡ
ȫôˣֻųղ˵Ļġ
Ǿǲǲû
μ֤ҽϲǰѳΪҽǰ·˵еҽ֮Ĥݡ
Ȼ˵ûǾͿ϶ûС
ˣˡ
ϣ׼Ժ㻹£ôˣӣǽϣҪصġ
æǰеҽȾȲǰɣղŵĻǻϣҽ̧֣Ⱦ
ϣҽʺҺ˵漴һתֻҲˣҲȣǲ̼˲ǻ
˵ʲôﲻϣҰֻˣŭٴα𣬶ԳŭĿ
俴һۣϣֻǾ̸ͷҵǸҾȻ֡
ڷƨ۾Լû裬ǳˣȻ˵˷Է
̼˿ųĿ⣬ҲܷŭǾʣôһӣͬв̼ˡ
ۼԽԽæЦҽϽҵһ㱡ϣ־βǰɡ
ϣҵܼ򵥣ò̼ȫҵǸٿǾȲȡֶһģ
仰ú캣и߹ٶЩˣȻţ̼ҵϾڣĸ˸Ҷв̼ô˵
ֻ˵ݳĳƣ߹ǶԳݸΪˡ
̼ûһ˸ǸǰͲóھ͹
ϼ˼ҧҧԲ˵ǸҽǸɣҽҽܾȵûǣұضл
ϵ仰˵÷ǳǳ֮أȫڿЦ
̩ɽԳУ϶˵
أɫڱˣڳ˵ɫˡ
һֱ²ؼ߸߹ԼʡҽʦǣϵĻ
ֻһȻ֮ɫһǾ顣
һͨҪѰܻûе¥ɱ
һҽҪɱԼ̫ˡ
Լ֮ǰҪصö࣬ԥ˼룬ڵϣλܾȻҴ磿
ԳĳƺҲˣϵĻѾһС롣
Գҽҽܾȣĵ˵
ɫòٶ˼
ܾȻ˵Ǹʲôʧأ
ٲãҽҲùԶá
ǲҧҧĲ̼˵ǾųһΣǸ
˵꣬ȶԳǸԲ𣡡
ǲ̼Ҷ֣ǲڣˣ˾̼ﲻԸ⣬ҲֻܸŲһǸ
ֻвǿվһȫǸӡ
״ĺ󱳵Ǹܻʲôǿ
ôҽôܾȵҰ֣ǲҪƭˣǵǸһӣȻˣܾҰ֣ҧгݵ˵




433¡Ʋ
 

ŲЪ˹ӣҡͷ
ǵĶӣȸгĶ׿ʵ̫ˡ
׿أȫǸȫȫǸûСƨ
ֲ׿ֵĹٱȲС׿δչȴôá
ʱҲ̲סˣ죬Ķӻǿ̲סѵ˵Ȼ㲻ǸǾͽȥ֣ٺúÿһ£벻
ǵһζԴĶӣôص˵
ѵһ£ܽȥҿȥˡ
֮󣬿Լĸ˫Ŀգٴκޡ
ûãͺݺҧҧᣬٴ߳Ȼ󣬵ų£
¡ԲҴˣȾҰ֣һзŭģſǻ
û뵽֮󣬱仯ô󣬿׵Ĵȷʵء
νжϥлƽ𣬸οǵĶӣ˿¹ҲǸе졣
ôǿСӸ¹Ǹɲ֪Ҫ¶ľġ
Ų飬ȫûαӣĳ⣬ҲΪͷɡ
ҴɣŲȲĶԳ˵
ĴûȥĻĻҲ΢΢
ǷģֻʱݿˣӦ˵ûݿôأֻΪⲿأƶﶬߵ״̬
һ˾Դ㵣ѵǵĲûб濴ôأ
ǽϺʡҽԺϯԼжѾĸ໹רҵȨʿ
ǿǽУ֮ԴӦҲǱһϣʲôҰ·ӡƫ֮ľȻǡ
ʱδ뼱ңûǣжϲûֻݿˣ˾úܲ˼飬ΪڹŪ顣
˽ϺƳΣ˲ų
ߣСӣ㲻ҽѧɲҪ˵ѾǵԼ϶ô˵Ķߣһλʡҽʦɡ
ʡҽʦҲ׷ױʾԳıģó˵Ļʵ̫Цˣȫҽѧ⺺ôҽѧרңװŪ
ҲãҲã˵û;ܻܴݵĵ
˵꣬Ҫ뼱ҡ
ʱһֱϹ۵Լ̲סˣڳǰõʲôҽѧ϶û
֮ǰѾ˲Ľۣڳ˵ûǾ൱һǵô˵档
ȻԼĺܿǰСӣڳڶҽѧרҶ𣬵ʸϾʲôСɫԶҽѧˮƽɡ
ʲô㲻ֻ֪Ҫ֪϶ҽķĻӦ
ԼԣʱһĵСҽܲҽȻҿҽ֪ӥţѧҽѧϵҵƾһˣͱĵҽѧרˮƽߣǻһаŪǰŪ
Ƴһ⽲ģóееȻҽǸͨ
ֻԼҽҲʵ̫ԵҪȥβǣȻŲùȥԳһѵ⣬Ƴεʱ֮ͬģȥˡ
δȳڣͦ˵ԼΪţѧҽѧϵҵͺ˲ҲǴӹҽѧԺѧҽǼѧϰҽΪǻҽǧ꣬Ǳҽ
ƳάҽѧһԼ˵˵Ͷȥ͵Ŀ⡣
Ƴεⷬڳҽѧרеˡ
ԼԻҽѧ裬һСﶼվ
ЩҽʮҽѧרңȴֻƿԣΪԼҲҽһֱҽֶβ
ԼЦҡҡͷǰճµˣŮ䲻ʮ꣬ҽܸȥοѧҽǹŪĻȵλС㣬ǹҽѧԺĸ߲Ȱ㾡ҽǻĵҽĻɣ޿ȡ֮
ԼȻڿҽҾҽķȻǣʱϣ㲻Ҫŵ漴ƹԼȥ
ʱβҪ飬ûպҽʲôҽҽ֮Ҫָ£Ǿֵ¼¡
ǰβǣõ֤ʽ




434¡Զ
 

ų߽ңԼмĺһǸ˽ȥ뿴׻ʩչҽֶΡ
ȻɲųܾȻǣֻ뿴ô
ԼһȥʡҽʦȻҲŽȥƳΡϺµҽѧŶӡ
Ŀôҽѧרҽ뼱ңȲֻ̼ϣ漣֡
캣ڶ߹ǣҲϣܹ캣е쵼ӲûĹǣ
֮󣬾ֱߵǲǰŲ˫Ŀգ촽ףϵĺԽԽأ״ʮֹ졣
ֻƳûмǵĲ֢ʱɴ˫ҲûֵĹֲ
ܿ뵽ᰵĺֻ֢ᰵĺֻСλǴͷŶס
ճµģվŸʲôԼҽʶһ£ҽˮƽжһʡҽʦĿڵ
Լ˫ֱأϾվڳ濴ţ۵׸ֲм֮ɫ
عͷλԼǻʡҽʦͶȥĿ⣬һʵ̫⣡
ղԼѾҽѧʡҽʦȻվԼߣǲ֪ܡ
Ǳ𼱣Լҽһ⡣˹˵һ㼱ȵɫҲޣԼҽû˵ǻҽеԶ֮
Զ
ΪҪԼʲôҽѧ⣬ǹڲǵĲ֢û뵽ʵȴ⡣
ԼΪͨԻҽҲԣȻԶĸ֣ҽֶƫеƫΪмΪνԶ޿ѧݣһ˵ֶΡ
ˣһԶҵȻ˵ǻҽ͵֮
ԼҽɾʹˣԶҽľ֮ΪҽΪοҽҩ඼иãҽҩֶԭļʶ̫ҡҡͷ
Ƴô΢΢𣬳ⷬ˵ʵ̫ˣ߰ԴԼҽúòһ٣
ʡҽʦǶʱɫһ䣬Сӻ֪ҰҽȻҽѵԼͬڶʡһҽԺ裡
ʡҽʦԳŭĿӡ
Լɫ̳СӾȻ˵ʶֱԲѣ˵͵ҽѧҩиǷǳѧ飬ΪѾʵ飬Էʹã˵ԶȴǻԹҰƷҽᲢۣ
ǻҽѾǧ꣬ǹŴҽԸ˿­ʱһƬģνҽڣǲҰֱԣһҲλʡһҽԺϯӡ
ԼʱȻŭһӥʿԾӣ߸ϣȻĵҽѧʣﻹԶԶϻˣСӾȻҰˣֱ޷̣
Ҫ쭵ʱ̣æڵԼҽھβҪóҽơ
ԼĻҲֻóҽ֣ݺݵĴе
ҲתȥٿԼŭʵ˵ʱҰһ㶼ûд
ֱִҲͨҰսӶƸ»Ϳ̿ҡһ䣬ڼ߹ʿָػҰ壬ʵڿЦ
ãҾͿ㵽ôԶ˾ȻԼסŭص˵һ䡣
ʡҽʦΧߣȰҪһҰСӼƽϡ
ЩʡҽʦĵƳζˡ
ߵߣ˵ͣӥĿҽж
Ƴ΢΢һЦ漴㻺ժϵ
˶ԣҪβȡһҪʲô
˵ı飬˵֮ԶַΪйƶ
ʲô
һڽԻȻ
˶û뵽òأʧȥһĲʲô֢ǹƶ
ǣθţȻ֮ȫ¶һȫ޷ŵ顣
ΪǲҽԺҽѧ豸壬Լλҽ鿴ûжļ󣬸˵Ǵ˵е置ƶ
ĻʵԽԽˣʲôƶֻǻ翵Ĵ˵ܴڣλҲܡ
ԼмĻ˵һ룬ͻȻͣȴϲˡ
һͬɴ۾Ŀųٻһֻ͸ɢźİɫ




435¡ʳƳ
 

ֻӷɵ֮УƺΪԼܹ͸ȸԾ
Ȼĳ֣ȴڳҽѧרŵæ˼һη塣
ԼûιĳӣСѧϰ֪ʶûĴڡ
ѵǻĹνĹƳ棿
ڳڶҽѧרУֻнԵΪ֮ǰͼֻƳӿֲĹƳ档
ڼųƳ棬֪ض⣬˱㲻ξš
Ƴһ˫־ϲ֮ɫŰеİɫƳ棬û뵽һСʱûֻʳƳ溮ŨˣζźʳƵĳɳ
ųʳƳʱѾµֶΡ
㡢ʲôԼž죬ʵ
һЦԼҽ㲻˵ǻĹƶ翵Ĵ˵ֻʳƳ置һҵŮƳ
˵꣬ЦĿƳһۣɫ΢΢һ죬һ˵ŮѡԽԽ˳ˡ
˳Ļо棬ôһλεεĴŮȻǴ˵е置ʦ
ȫš
νĹƳ棿㲻Ҫƭǣֻĳδ緢ֵĳӶѡԼӲ˵
ղ˵置ƶ޴˵ڵȻֻɫǹƳ棬ǳڴԼ
ʡҽʦҲ׷׸ԼʾͬǿɲôһŹֵСǹƳ棬һܹȻǵ
ֻƳ棬кʳƣʳκκúǷϻֻǼ̵Ľһ£ʹʳƳǣˣ
˼ԹƳʹĸΪ棬Σ˶СԼʡҽʦǣѾʹ˵а置ʦϵһ
ϺµרŶϣչ֣Լҽ
߸ԲͬУʳƳѾӲǵֱһСףڣüʶٴҽѧרǣ
ֹβѧҽ꣬Ҳ޷⣬ȫͿѧۡ
˵ԶԼмʵ
һֻСڣʲôͲֻСһǼֱϵʹˣ
⺮ƣеǺʳƶֻʳƳʳǳǿ󣬿һ֮ڣͰѲϵĺʳɾòǴӶݿ״̬лָνԶ
Լʡҽʦֻں٩Իڣ˵ôģȴûʲôҽѧϵԭڡ
ЩȫţҲѿֻ࣬һЦźʳƳս
ʵϣСԶƫֶΣɲǰѧҲޡ
ǧǰҽѧ伮ƵھᵽԶβںҩѧרũݾǸϸöҩƵԭƴдԶʵԪڡ˵һоͼС֮ΪѴ硢lߣȥɱ桱£Ƕݶƶּܵļء
ڲΪĳָ˺ʳƶúʳƳ潫ЩΪãԾȻǵƳεֻʳƳøΪǿ
⣬ԽʳƳ֮󣬴ĺţתΪԹ֮á
Ͼڵ׶ñԴܴⲿκԵתΪôȻܴ
ҲΪʲôǾεԭ֮һ
ԼʡҽʦмͱӵĿУнϡƳεڴɫ£һʱܿȥ
ֻϵĺۿɼٶʧ彥£Ҳٲ԰һƬĸѪɫӺܻת
Լʱĵסǣһŵı飬ǰ飬ʵ̫졢̫ҽѧԭˣ
ֻνġʳƳ桱ǵһӣʲôĺȫʧ
Ĺ˹
ųһЦЦ飬Լһ⣬ڲǵûб仯֤ѾȻ
ԼĻһͬ򲡴ߵǣȻһֱֱߣûһµļ
ѵǲкʳƶ̫ãˣƳЩǵ˵
𼱣СһЦеĿƳε˵
Ƴ΢΢Сף
ţҸĺʳƳ֣ϲ𣿡΢Цʵ
ƳԲݸʲôʱˣʳƳ֣Ƿһ̬




436¡ⲻѧ
 

뵽ܸİĹƳ֣ƳĻͦĵģȻһЦС׺ܺͽְɡ
ԼС»˵Цüͷе㲻ͷĵҵʱޣҪܾȻǣھ֤ҿҪʱ䡣
ʡһҽԺϯʣַӼʮ£ʱСӸɺġ
ҲŲһѾ̤ŹصˣһھȻǼֱҽ԰õģҪϵ۽񼣣
ԼһܲͷӣΪˣ͸ǵڿȥ
˶֪£ֻгʱǵڣڷŸΪ顣
ֻΪСסĺʳƳ棬Ȼڲǵڣ׷һֻһģһĺʳƳ棡
ֻֻǰĹƳ棬ͽС۵ĺҲԶСŨ񣬷һаϢ
ͫһֻƳ滹ڴͦǿ
ʵһСʱ֮ǰ͸ֻۣʳƳĴڡ
ֻƳ棬Ҳǲ붳ݿ״̬ס
ʱһʱ뵽һ⣬˭ڱԲʩչʳƳڣ
ǣ캣еһ쵼Ȼ˸ٱ¶֣оʲôı
ĺܺ棬Ŵ϶Ҫʲǵļ
ֻʳƳˣҲ֪
֮ǰڹʱ򣬳ץסĽʯĹƵĽϽ̹ʦڡ
ʱƷ˼ڣԪܣѾһʱ䣬ûȥ
캣ֳһµĹʦǲǺͽϽйϵͼʶ
ʦ֪ڶĽʯĹƶϽҪԴ˺ŵıʧܣô᲻ǣŵȫ
һڳһ˼ʱ򣬶д˵ľ
ֻֻɫƳ棬һǰһӲǵڰǰ׷һΡ
Сףס
֮ǰڲǵڣûСʩչȰһֺʳƳϵ⣬ֲ˼ɡ
Сڼ׷һֻʳƳ˲䣬ͻȻſСһ£һűİɫ˲һֻʳƳ嶳סڣžһϣɱ顣
С״ڳƹôãҹҹʳĶתɵĺֻһ£Ϳ˶ͬǱԵһֻʳƳ棬Ҳһ
һĻԼʡҽʦǳ׾ˣŵŴͣŵɱСӡ
˵ʵ̫𺳣ʹֻӵǺȻܿºһֻӶɱ
ʵǴˢǵۣ
ⲻѧ˿ԼԺֻһ仰ػ졣
ϺµҽҲ𾪣ʹƳֶΡֻƳı֣ǻҽķ
ԣѾڹķΧˣֻ񻰴˵Żܹɱ
ƳҲſӣС죬૶ҵСףôô
ȻΪҵĹͰЦһƳεĶͷ
Ƴλعų˵ңôС±
㼱ģһȥٽ㡣Ц˵Сһɱɲãĺܴ֮ڣʹˡ
Ƴһ΢΢еʧ뵽С׳ɳĵزǺϲģϾĺʳƳ档
СٻúٽĿŵԼϣԼҽǻĴˣ
ߣҳĹȷʵҵ󣬲ɲҽǻĵĳ˵а˵ֶΣԼ𾪹˵
ʡҽʦǷ׷׵ͷСһһֻʳƳ棬ֱɱĻľޱȡ
Ҫһ絽ϣ񲻾Լҽ˵˺˵ֶΣ
ִᣬȫ̵а˴ڣҪСϾ
ĿЦԼȺʡҽʦظЦܾ˵Ĺҽ
䣬ͻȻ˱仯ԭֱ˲һлߣ
֤ǣָˣ
˶ʱһĲţǿȥ
ֻǿڱϴŵֿʼ˺ţƤ֮󣬾۾
ǻˣ
ԼͼʡҽʦʱľվţоԼȫ
Ϻµҽѧרϲֱҽѧʷϵ񼣰
ҽֶʵ̫ˣһĤݣ




437¡ķڷ
 

ƳҲĵץסĸ첲̲ס£Ц绨ĵǻˣ
ô㲻һ𣿡¶һЦݣƳԴ˹ȥ
Ƴμٶﲻ֪Ļ˼Ҫǰ
ô˵棬Ƴô˵飬ӣҪС׵Ĺ͡
ˣȻʧЦСײһֱӵɱܡ
ǣоôϵһǰԲʵ
ĲǻתΪʳʴ̫ĳЩ֢
ǲûпȥôһϢԼժ֣Ŀڵϣǡң
ǣλҽæشɲ
ǰĿͶˣǳ졣
ȻѲԴγΪһǿ쵼ļҲܺãܾܿ׵ˡ
Ǳʩչ壬˶Գӡǳ̡
˵⡣
ҹӰ๤ʱͻȻһ֪ԼܽĲǣڻԵǰһһͷǾ϶ǵĳ첻Ķ񲡣
ش󼲲캣УҲֻΨнλҽѧ̩ɽκãôҲһҽӣǱȽϸҽ
ˣǸеɻòȷĿʵҵ
ûڱ¹ƶƹƶԶһ˹ƶǫ
ƶ֣ɫһ䣬û˵Ĺʣһͺܹ졢а
ԼȻνĹƶ
ѹĵľ¶ޱȸмɫллҵҽĴ£ĳضǻر
İ˰֣ʵڵĺʳƶҲеôýסĲԵ֣Ϊаҽߣ־Ȳһڤڤ֮ж
˼һȴԲǵĸм벻⣬̫ˣ
ϺµҽѧרǣԳͶأͲĤݡ
Լɫ࣬ѾжĲǣȴ׾Ȼֱںݺݴ
ʡҽʦǵɫҲܲÿȻ֤һҽѧ񼣣ǿԼԼҽԺ档
гĴʡβȴȫ޲ߣһëͷСκã³ȥǶԼڼˡ
ԼҽҪǰѲ͵ţѧҽԺȥΣȲ˵ʲôٷ֮ʮɹʣ·ϵʱ䣬Ǿ;ͦȥղŻ˵ԼҽĶڿҵԶ֮Լ纮ǰʵ
ԼҧɫһһףĻ˵ϻۣȴ
ҽ͹ϣȷʵСǻҽˣҺܷҲΪղŶĲеǸԲ𡣡գԼǲòԼ
Ͼţѧҵĸ߲ʲôˣۼ֤һҽѧʷϵ񼣣ӲĻȥʡһҽԺϯʣܾܿҪɨء
û뵽֮ǰޱȸ߰УôˬĳԼղŵԶ֮ȷʵ̫ˡ
ʡҽʦǼԼԳķڷҲɵõͷȥһ߲ѣԼղŻԶֻ֮Լҽʶ̫ǳˣڴ˵еĹƶһ֪֪ҽҽֶΡ
ʵ置ƶȻؿֲǹʱаĹʦˣŴÿһƶֶԦ֮õҽѧ棬ԻҽѧشĹס
ôᣬҽ͹ȴôӥţѧȥڹţѧʵܿͿȫ綼֪ǻĹ档ԼǸ֮΢˼ٶȿ˵Ŀƣڴ
ĲЦȻǸϣȥţѧڹȴǲİȡĴǧΪ
ϾĹûרҲҪĳ̶ȣѹѧֵĻԼҽѧ
ԼҽǻĹֻ֮置ʢˣΪ置⣬ָϡƳ棬ЩƳͬǻĵèһ֮˾ȥţѧڹӥûйƳ棬Ҳ޷ľ衣һıܵ
ƳðЦһĺ˵˵ĳЩϡƳ棬󲿷ֹƳ涼ѰƳ򼡢ЫӵȵȣǺܳĶ档




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һʱΪ죬һֱ߸ϡҽѧԼȻԸʦֱȫһˣ
ǼʡҽʦΪ˽ԼƢԸ񣬸߰ޱȣƽʱֻܰķУԼ仪ҽѧֲǣԼȴԸȥѧϰҽѧΪƫŵĹʵ̫ǳԾ
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֪Լʵͼ컪ĵ͵ʦԼĹң˿ɲӥҽóѡ
Լʱɫһ䣬е㽩ӲԽݡӰһΪʦû뵽ȴ˸ɴľܾһʱ涼֪飡
ģȷʵҲǴ͵ʦԼҵ뷨ԲԽݰʦܾѾ߳ŭֻûбֳ
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ȻԸΪͽҾԼѧϰԼأѾû˷ŶԳĿ𾴣תʡҽʦǣʽ˵Ǿʽ𣬰г̣ȥ置
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һĻƳκͽǶֱ֮ɫ̾ЩʡҽʦȻĸԸԼȡĹһûԼǮǿɱЦ
ȻʡҽʦԸôҲȨ棬ֻôѧֵģ置չܣ˼⣬ԼӶԼʱǧٹֵаƳ棬ܿܳԲ˶ߡ
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һߵʲôҲûз֣˿һȫǷңԷ˼ûУֻҪôǿԺһӰʱʱһζӰЦò縡Ӱãԣȴֻ֮ȥ
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ѻ羪ŭӵĺȵСӣҴҵֵܣ
˵˵ôЦЦѻȥ
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˺ѻ仰Ȼһ
ϴȻ캣У
ɡֳУƽʱǾˮˮڸԵĳгưԡ
һһλп磬ǾζŶһλеս
ѵϴҪͽϴսһˣ
뵽Ķ𺳡죬ִһ˿˷ܡ
ģôǸŰ
ʱ˿ֶһ˿ڿ
ȷʵͬѧֺܺãҲֻǶһˣôܺȨĽϴ󿹺⡣
λͬѧվ̫嶯ˣ
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˺ѻĺЦЦ֪캣У͵ĻԽҡ
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ƽʱûʲô·ĻǾԲҸϴ绰ġ
ҪŪСӣԼ²̨˱뽯ϴԳеŪһСӲʲô¡
˼ѻ翪ʼ绰дڴѵҪ˵еĽϴˣ
Χ۵ԽԽ࣬½ٿô˶ס·ڣҲ³ˡ
˵Ŀע£ѻһֵİŵ绰룬ܿ죬ཱུ
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ͷڰߡ
˵עȫȥ
ĸһȻôôѾֱҪˣ
漴Ⱥƺ˴³ƿóһ·
һźɫ¡űͷķ׳ӣɫ˹
󣬸ʮĺװ󺺣ƿȺ
˺ܿ췢ֻ֣ɫ䴫ġ
ǻûӦôһ£ѻɫѾһϲ;η
Ϊĵ绰Ǵǰˣɫӣǽᣡ
ϴ󣡡ѻæѵ绰Ҷϣ𼫾ĵЦʺ
ֻͣ˶˺ѻĻ
֮䣬˿ɫӵɫȫˣ𾪣η־壬Ĥݣɫϸ֡
ͬʱȫȥóһƬռ䡣
ϴһѾ׳д캣У۵üλУʱ𺳵ԸӣĿ࣬ЩСĴѧɪɪ·𿴵ʲô˵Ķħ
ʵϣϴֶΣȶħҪֲöࡣ
˴Ϊ𾪵ʱһߵȺֱ³ƿֳһ·
һȺװ󺺵Ĵӵ£һϡһ̺۵ˣл
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뵹һһλУ
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һĿĵİֱ̺ۣ£ϴ֮иһ˿ɷ֮ࡣ
һ˲䣬ССڣȻ캣к׳еλУ




450¡
 

˾֮󣬶ףôɺͽλУѵҲǷhķ˿
Բܡ
ɺͽͬʱͬʱƵģûһҪ֡һļ
ϡϴѻϻ̳ϿֵߵǰͷһȮϴǵļֵܣСӴ
ʲôԣʱɫֱ³
˼боΧȵ¶轵˺üȣҪ쭵ǰװ
ˣǸ군ˣ
λڳ½ҪЦ
Ȼһ̣ɫþ̡η캣оΪ˸ڡ
ɿе֪ݳ֮˱һȺ
ûɵСܾͨ߷Ħ
λû뵽˸̫ͷ϶ֱڶ
ںѻ硢½ٺͳĳͻΧˮйͨɺͽϹ֮һʱ֮ûĴڡ
ѻ֮󣬽˳µĿ⣬վԭأһȻĳ
үɺͽ˵ޱȹɫӭȥ
λеٶڳ˵򾪵඼Ҫˣ
ǰһĻԼ۾
߳ƵλۣȻԳϹϾһΪү
ѻļСܣ·˿ʯͷǳܣɫǺ죬ȫǾ֡
½ٵЦҲϣ沿ⶼˡ
һʱ䣬ֵ˲һƬţԶΧȣ󣬰ʮֹ졣
͵źѻ绰ᣬû뵽Ҳһ
µãʡ鷳
ᣬáֶͺҳѵСƵ˵ûƱĹϵȥݳᣬʧ֮٣ʵǷȱ̰ܽ
ĳĻºͣȴס࣬ɫѿֻܵüףϻ̳ϿֵĵүѵǣСԺһҪ°ӣܽЩ۵ķ
캣ֺóû뵽һ棬µĺѻ͸ͱô¨ӣ
֮̿󣬽ǻŭ˲䱬һ˫ŭĿֱֱסѻһ䣬ƾԣȵѻɵĺ£ССְ˳үǲǣ
һŭѺѻȫסڶסѹ˫һҲû֮ǰ֮ɫ
˿ֻĿ־;õǰͨȻǴ˵еĳү
үҴˣϹ˹۵ģȻûϳǶԲһѻɫҰףذÿһ仰˵Ų
ΪһŲСͷĿȻҲ˵ԼϴҪġүֻһֱ֪λүȻôᡣ
˱ԼϴλҪߵĳүСѱˣ˺ѻɫôͷ˽ŵס
Ӹ£ĿһĮ˵ϲϵң˽ԷûƱ˽ݳôÿŰôhݳƱһƬҡ
оݵĻڽȴǱһζ
ȻүⷬˣûзԸγͷѻѻϾ£үһζ˵ȥ
ˣߵĺװʹһɫҰѺѻеǼȫߣ
ǣмװվѲϰĺѻСֱȥ
ڳΧ߾Բѻ³Իǳҡ
ᣬԺֶλҪ㣬ѧѧɣаɡǵһλѵλ׳еĳС
ᱳ亹ֱæͷǡ
˵̬ȣΪԼֻþˡ
һͨѧһݺһĳУôʦѵѧƵģֱ޷ţ
ңľ֮ǰ˵ýа
ڳ֮ˣ֮ǰóĻǿɵ֮һЦ
ڽȴͷСƵģ֣رаľģ
ʵ̫̫ˣ
˾㵵У·ɵ½١
ܵĿ⣬½ٶʱ˸ȫɪɪûȳڣͲĹ
ѻ綼֧ŲסеƣԸ߼ĳôվס˫Ѿġ
½ٵʮͬͬѧҲʮֽš־壬Ľһϣû½ӡڰũͬѧ
ÿڵϵ½٣Ҳȥʮڰͬѧ
ΪݳҪʼˡ
ֱ߽ڣɺͽλ󣬸׹͡




451¡ݳῪʼ
 

λȻҳģڳүҪݳᣬǣǿɲҴųүˡ
뿪֮󣬽ĿĿ½١
ϴ½ԭΪŹһûˡ
λ׳պյĽϴǳ˵½ٶʱŵüҪӡ
ԳڲɣȴΪߺţµ˳
ʱλһӻûйأ
ᱩŭ֮£ݺ߳һţֱ½ٵϡ
ֻ½ٰӴһҽУˤɳȥǲ״ˡ
˿λϴ֣׺ޱȣŵ
ᷢй֮ԼĿţһҪǳүҸаһˣ
˵꣬һװ󺺣һȥ׼Ѳİ
ûֺóĻᣬֻܰ˼Ѱ
λȺ뿪ڣһָֻ·ʲô¶û
ֻڳ֮ˣѸղŷһӡԺΪ޷ĥļ䡣
ȻЩȻ֪ݲҲ⴫ȥŭǸλжˡ
Ʊϵλ룬ҵԼλá
ʱݳἴʼѾϯ˿Σȴǵż
󣬿Աλǿţ֣лȥ鰲δɡ
ܹڳǰŹƱģǷǸ󣬳ۿȥǰҶʱһƵˣŮӾӶ࣬һЩ캣ѧġ
ڵļǳ̬ǰѧУżһͬѧҲϵóΧȻûͬѧ׶ȽҲϳ캣ѧͬѧ
û뵽hŮ˿з˿ܶࡣǹ΢΢Ц⣬hʵ̫вŻˣŮӵ룬ŮǶΪ
ڳķ˿۾ֱĶŻûƹ̨һݳᣬΧֻ΢΢棬ֲܿٿˡ
ڣڴУ̨ϵľ۹ȫҫѤԻ財
ڵƹʦĲٿ£ƹ۵̨һ㡣
ɽ˺˿ʱ۾ɵôģĿת۹ƻ۵ĵط
ֻ̨봦һٻӰߵƹۼ㡣

ٻӰľݣȫˣ˵Ǽ˿ȫɫеhhh
ޱķ˿գҲе㱻𺳵Щ˿ʵķ
ģ̨ǸĿ˶
ķhŰǳɫȹõ塢ƽµȹӣϾļɫӳģ޶ˣ
üߺӰ̽ëϸˡ
쾧ӨĴ࣬ԸСɵĴߣʩգоĵĺۼȴֲʧȻ֮
ĺɫ㷢ٲ£һ˫峺Ĵ۾鶯ú˵ͦǣӣС죬񾱣ǣµӯӯһյԲֱȡ
hһУô·ϵ۵ĻֻʲܹճϾľˡ
ôסˣǧ˿ǸǼ˷̨ܵڽ㹻ǧŬά򣬱÷ķ˿̨ȥ
ȷ˿ķ½hŻͲ¶΢ЦĿڵллҵݳᣡhһ׸ĸ
򵥵Ŀ֮󣬷h㿪ʼ֮Լĳ
תǧ˿˲ĸ֮С
Ҳ΢΢ۣh˵Сӵĸ質ˮƽԽԽˣ
ǰһУʱķh軹ɬھ̿ϰ߸ΪԲֲʧȻĿö
hö˸ֻ˵үͷˡһһ߰
һһ׻黪ĵĸhӵ쾡£ʮ
еĸ֣ƬֳȫһΪʵ㡣
hû⣬ѾԺЩ̳ߵĶؿϣһ
ҲΪʲôΪԭ
Сʱݳᣬлвֳ˿ڣ볪˿裬ݳղµĸ߷壡
ʱ䲻֪ȥ÷ɿ죬ݳܿ͵βڡ
ΪҪʱ̨ϵķhΪ֪ҧӣһԤѾõĴ󵨾
һ˫ɨһЦ˵Ϊ˻رҶҵĺ񰮣Ҿһֳ˿̨һһ׸裡
h仰˲ȫٶȷڣ




452¡̨
 

˿ÿһ˶ϣԼhѡУ̨ܺͬͬһ׸裡
˵ֱϵٹ⣬ҫ
ȫ˿Լӫٵòٸߣ裬ϣh
hڷ˿飬ȴеΣΪһ˿̨ͬʵһСС˽ġ
hͻȻҲų́ĶޱͲ߻Ŷһʱ֮ǳ
Ϊⲻڼƻ֮ڡ
ǷhѾ˵ڣôķ˿ĸ߻Աѷhؾ
ķǳΣϾûв߻õ£һ˿̨ǷǳðյΪѱǸ˿᲻ĳЩٶ
ޱǰѾŲµõh˼ˡ
ڶޱԥҪҪȥֹʱ򣬷hһ˫ڳĹ
Ŀӹڳķ˿˸ķԺãѵżҪѡԼ
汻żѡ̨ĻǽʮڳƱֵֵ̫̫ˣ
ڳ˿˷ܵĻӫĭɵĽеѡңѡңѡң
Ů˿󣬷кֻܱżѡС
˫۾Ļ£hհĿⶨһϡ
ˣ֮ǰѾλμ
λ˧磬ѡˡhЦӯӯĿڣ̬ǳȻ·ȫʶ̨ŵǸ
ǳ˿ĲһЦ
h˵Ҫһλ˿̨ʱͲµҪʲôˡ
żѡе˿ʱޱȵĽʣƾʲôôð
ߡڿþ͵֣лĶһۡ
֣ҲµhҪ̨лڳųͷhǺˡ
˿Ϊʲôѡˣƫƫô׼ѡ˳أ
϶ǷhԼԤı
ҺĽΪʲôңڳŮ˿ļУվĸԱкų̈չ
Լ̨̳ĴӫĻϣ˲ǰع⣬ʮΣ¿Ҫȫг޷ٵ͵ȥˡ
׼չǰһ̣ת۶ȥ
ǰƺ֢ʣҲ˼Դ˿ʹá
ֵһ˲ͱЩءȥ˵ʶˡ
Ϥ֣Ҳоı仯ܴϸǳԼеǶǣͬһͳǳƵİˡ
ֶΣ֣лΪ档
̨׼˿ӫĻǸȻޱȵݣǽһĽʺް
Ϊʲôˣh̨ô˿Ƕ޷⣬ѵõըǷhķ˿
һ룬Ǿ͸߷߲ƽˣһ˹ʺˣ
ܵ˵ԹǴݲȵڰǵĴ£̨
ļ𰲱˾ģʶǶޱԸǿסĳЩľٶ
hϲʤ⼸൱ڰ۵ĵݣ΢Ц˵λ磬ˣ˵һ߰ɡ
ʱޱĻãǷhĻã
ǿh΢΢ӣƺеӣǷһĵĴǣܵ
ˣԹ˵̨ߣѺ̨ŵĶޱö˶š
hС̫ˣ
û˵ݣhڿԺͳ˹ҫ財Ŀ̨ˣ
ƺ˺ܶ࣬h۵׸һ˿Ȼ֮ɫô˿ţҲöʣȻһЦλ˧˿ᳪҵĸ𣿡
Ҳ̫ᡣеεĻش
֮ǰhһǩרȥֻһ飬ȻãҲǵò̫ȫ
ҷhĸѶȶȽϸߣõ
ֲרҵ֣뵽Ҫͷhһ׸裬ֱѹɽ
С֮ǰ˵ľϲȻҪ̨裬⾪ϲ湻ģ
h˳Ļشвתӹһ˿Թҧ˼һרûĵģڻᳪҵĸ裬϶Ǳ᰽Եߵ˼ˡ
hԹСΣһ顣
̨ϵڷ˿͸ˣֱҪ衣
ż̨ͬôõĻᰡһȻ˵Լᳪhĸ裬⻹Ƿhķ˿
ԹĿϻ۶еͷƤ飬ڨЦһɲԳĸ裿
뻺ΣҪ̨·˿̫ˣ
ǷhݳᣬȻҪ󳪱˵ĸ裬һֱȴǻţ
hҲһЦоԼǺϾô˿ڶԳܲˬ
ͻȻ΢΢һи˷ܡšɬ֮飬һ󵨵顣




453¡Գ
 

λȻ㲻̫ᳪҵĸ裬Ǿһһס񻰡ɡhﲨתĿų΢Ц˵
׸ͻȻ뵽ȽϹΪ֪һ׸衣
Ȼѡ׸費Ϊܶԭ
ڵڷ˿żȻҪ̨Ǹϳ񻰡ʱȫˡ
֪hڻľٰôೡѲݳᣬΪ˰ȫ⣬û˿̨Ѿǹۿݳ˿еĳ˶
Ȼ˵ǣͨȻܹʹǷhϳһ裡
ȦΪࡢвŮŮ֮ƵķhûκǴţ˿Ƕ֪hһֱԺãұֵ
ڣhȻҪһͨз˿Գڳǧ˿˲ˣ
Ȼ֪ԳֻǸ˿ĸûʲôر壬ǻǾúܲ˼飬ͬʱǶԳĽʵ
̨Ķޱݳ߻ŶҲһ㵣hԳľʵ̫󵨡̫ˣ
ˣޱȻΣҲֻȿǺݳӦýߣЩ߿϶ʷhΪʲôȻ֮˴ͻƣȫ崿
̨Ķޱͷ̨ϵĳҲеΣû뵽hѡָ
ȷʵᳪס񻰡ǺͷhԳĻ᲻˿ǵ᣿
Ͼôˣܿĵh¶һĻ
ᳪ𣿡hе㷢ڴ֮ʵ
ֻܾȻ˵һᡣ
̫ˣǾͿʼɣȳhʱü۴ЦĿųӣҹ˼ˣ뵽Ҫͳϳ裬ޱϲͼ
ǿһɤӣʵѷhҪֵôþͷ׽Ļݳ϶ǵصıըˡ
hֻһɫָ崿̳Ů
ҳˡǵһ˵Ĺۿ³裬˿Ҳһš
̨µķ˿ǿܲˣ̨֮ģͷhӴһǼʵ۶ˣ
һ˷糪ˣϤףغᡭ
ĳͨKTVˮ׼̨˿ͺòһƽƽ档
ڷhȴǶޱȣʮܵųȥ
ż˳˿Լż̫չ˷˿ˣôֵhҪȥϷĻݼҲһ
ȵĸʣh˷磬֮˲䴫ɣΨаΨһ񻰣ʼղڣ氮Լʹľٺҹ˫ҺҲ֡
hת飬ϸ˵ĸʣֳķ˿̲ס׷ᡣ
żʵ̫ˣ޵УԸܷǳ̣׸ʵУ
вһĸд֮ǰΪhѡһᳪĸ裬Щʣǰ龭ʵдհ
ͷhйĳΪᣬʹľ
֮ΪhĳͰ⣬ٶȸϡ
һʱ䣬İٸн
hҲԽԽ飬Ө峺תʪĽëȥ
һ̣ԳҲøиѩİӵڽ⡭
Գ࣬ڷ˿ΪΪжûп쳣
һˣҵžžž
ȻΪǷhϣ˿ȫȫh׸жˡ
ż·ڸǣҪϧ֮׵İ飬ϧǰˣҪΪһʱһ
̨ϻһЩ׸ģ֣л𰲱˾񡢳ΰǡ
⻹ڳڸ𰲱£Ǽһ̨Ϊ˭
ϳǳүȫ¶Ĥ֮ɫ
үţȰݳᣬܱ黪ĵĴȥһԳ̫ţˣ
ߵһϯ̨ϣɺͽλУʮװ󺺣ҲҵĹƣһμʶүֶΡ
̨ǸɫŮǺӣڳү
֮󣬳Ŀ˷hһۣ΢Цȥˡ
hĵͷ˿ĿȻ㻰ҪԳ˵Ҳ̨ϱֳ
صԼλ֣лȶʾϲ˶֪ͷhͨϵлãǺܿܰ˳




454¡з˿
 

ֻл˵ʹǷhǺѹϵôŶ
֣ǲǸл˵ʲôˣһЦ֣һۡ
ûаͷhôԳ˭˰ɡ֣һ޹˵
һˣh󵨵ľٶǲȫĳ΢ıԼòʡ
лΪŮӣʱķǳ棬и캣УŮѣôǷhҲһӣ
ԥҪҪʳڣͻȻ֮䣬ΧλŮǷ׷˹һ
ǸͻȻһȺŮ֣ȫûз޸ĸоǾʮֱŤhЩŮ˿
һŮЦ˵˧磬żӴô˰һ㣬մմ˵´ݳͳ鵽̨ˣ
ԣʱЦãⶼʲôʲôЩŮ˿ʵ̫ˡ
̨׼ڷ˿ķhһĻҲݸͬʱеԴףһôߵ޸ôá
ֻεȰЩŮӱˣŮǶ˻λ󣬷hݳҲԲ
֣ݳᰲƺԼصһű
һͿɳϣֻ
ѵü˫̥ûеӣĩҲûôŰƴѧϰżҲԼһ¡
˻˫̥ûӭӣֻŮʱı飬е֣дź档
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һҡҡͷ˵ûʲô쳣
ʲôر£˵ɣǾҵãûʲô²ܸ˵ġ͵˵
Щӵദȷʵǵһ㣬ôɿɰãһǳҸ顣
Ϊһ£΢ЦڵˣʵҲûʲô飬Ǹոֻܶţ˵Ƿhݳᣬһ˿̨ԳȻǷ֣Ǹз˿ú񡣡
ԣʱеϢĴٶҲ̫ˡ
϶ֳ˿Ƶϣ߷΢ȦȻŹ߲׽ܿд籨
˳ĬٲʵˣǸз˿ǲ
ǲ£΢΢һЦһصĿǡ
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˫̥ûʵ̫Ϭˣ֪Ѿôණ
ֳ˿ΪhΪԭ¶ʵУԲôͨ͸
Ҳ㹻ý߲׽ӰѾڷ贫hǲǺз˿̸ˡ
ݳ֮󣬶ޱҹнأɾЩ߰㡢Ҳ²ıάh
׼ش˵ʱ򣬳ֻͻȻ
û۾һ¾鵽ֻĻϣʾh֣ʱ˵죬˾ȻдǷhĵ绰룬һǷh绰ˣ
ӣҲ룬֪Ƿh˵Ĺϵ϶ܲһ㡣
һǵĴŮйϵûɵеᣬЩŮһһǿԼֻͨѣ˻᲻Զϡ
Ů˼ȴһҲ֪һۣҲܻˣҪ֪˵˵ͨ绰
лл㣬Ը̨ҳ裡绰Ǳߣhϲ
һЦhϲʵ̫󣬲ȫˡ
ȫǾͺһˣǿԹhƤЦ
ʱȻʧЦhԭ˼ҿɲ̫Ȼⶼôñӿ֣鷳
ʵҲͨͨŮӣװ磬ȥ档h˵˵ţеʧ䣬Ϊ֮ͳദĻᷴٺܶࡣ
οhҲϣû˷ԼĲŻֻҪԼУÿ̫ࡣ
ţhڲῼ£ֻ㣬пգʱȥŶhֱ׶۵˵
ҲþûͷhһˣգֱӴӦãɡ




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ˣh㶼绰ˣ̨Ǹ϶ʮֿ϶Ĵ
˫̥û㷢ԼɳϣЦǿݳἸ˿ȴǵ۾
ԭıԼòʣûܹͨó˾ϸͷҲġ
ٵƺͨҪϬö࣬Ȼô϶ΪǱh̨Ǹ
Сߵı§ס磬ٺʵˣղͷh绰Ҫı𣿡
ûǿɵû㣬ҳ硣΢ЦѣֲhҲǿɱ¶ˡ
֪ˣˡ˹ɵĵͷͬʱİţдŮˣλǴǡ
hȫģҲǳٵͬѧķ˿ѾܶηhƬͬѧŹhĸ
˫̥ûҲ÷hвŻܺȻĽh˹ϵǳãǺڴhŵġ
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ڵʱ䣬½Լսں׵ڣڴ֮ǰתԴˮƽ
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һǴĻͻʧȥ˿ҵֵҲᱩԶޱôӡ
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үֻǰѳɺͬһǮ˶ѣһ㶼ҵϰ壬û뵽һھֱϰ¹
һ仰ϰɫޱȣŭǣĺװǣµĴһȺȮȫ׶쳣Ķסһʱʮˡ
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үϰֲֻᣬȻֵ򣬾ҲǮˣҲ̫ˡ
ʮСǰϰǮûǿţļ۸Ǳģһֵôࡣ
ĦҮȮҲֵʮ򣬻ǵĻԸϰ壬ڵƣǲС
ҪǸҲĻϰҪ쭣
ϰhǼᶨ˵ǧҶ
ϰ峹ױŭˣŮ̫֪ôǴҲǮС׬һʶҪŸˣ
ðӲǲǣǾҲϰ߳ŭ֮£ɿĹᣬϣһɫƣ
ϰҪŹҧˣүǶʱɫһ壬ΪǣǵŮҲǻʧɫ￴ҧ˵Ļ棬Ǿײޱȣ
мرСģѾ۾ٿ
ϰſֻ֮ȴûֱ˹Ūһ㶢ųצӣ׶ơ
ȻѾйξŻôյ߹ֱҧ˵ѾʧȥȤŪź档
ҵᣬǼǿ׳֮ͨһͣһһ׹ӾӢȽľѵʨϻҲһĶ֡ϰЦԿ䡣
ֻϻʨӻҪүѾɫһ׳ŵӶԳе졢ӣ
ֻһƽȴһ㶼ţϰ΢΢һЦôһȺȮһϣҲˣ
ʲô˼ϰ΢΢һ㵣׳Ĳ˺ҧΪʲôܵʳ⡣
Цøζˣ˵һȺǹһϣܴܲùֻ᣿
ϻҵ޵еģЩǹȻҲ»ѵҲԶԶĶ֣ϰޱȵ˵
ͷܺãҾǹǺֻһܰɡ
ϰһһСӻ˰ɣȻ˵˷Է




461¡ѱ޴ʦ
 

ҲɵһųǲǱɵˡ
˵ʲôҪǹǺͲһܣѵЩǹ
ϰĺװ¶мЦʱͻȻ֣ԼеĹһɲСľ
ǹͻȻ֮䣬ȫ궯ˣ
ܹʮֻǹϰ廨ؽרŴӱŷ
ǵƷ֣ǰǹ͸ߴ󣬲һߣʮͷʮ㣬ٶȼ죬Ҿרҵľѵɱ֮ǳ
ʮֻǹȻ궯˲˱еĹųͳȥ
˶ʱɴ۾ЩǹôȲỹҪ׺ݣ˻ûԳˣ
ϰ忴һ±ƣǹֻһ˵ĻͣͣǶͶûԼġ
һ̣˱㿴Ӳ˼һĻ
ֻʮֻǹܵǰûж˻˺ҧΧųԹԵĶͣҧβͣһֺ˵ӡ
⸱棬ϰֱɵۣ⵽ô£
װڡүǣʮС㣬Ŀɿڴһ𾪡
ʮֻǹ˿ϰ尡ôͻȻ֮ȴȥֺóѳˣ
ѵϣʲô˼ħǹ
ڳ֮ˣֻзhоõ֮ȻɫҲܾ档
ΪͳhղдһɬڣĻ
hһ¾Ͳ뵽˵
ô촽ʮֻǹܵǰ£ʾã
ʵ̫˼ˣ
Ϊӡ֤ԼĲ²⣬hס촽
ֻĴֶ˶һڡ
⴮ڣʮֻǹվתϰĲᣬҶ죬һԾԾԵӡ
ӣٱҲóʹǹ
˶벻һͨͨˣȻܿǴ˵еѱ޴ʦ
ֻ㶯ƤӣϰĹʮֻǹ̵
ϰ忴־ŭЩǹģһޱҳϣһֻǹȥû⣬ʮֻǹȫˣ
֪ʹʲôаֶΣŭȵ췴ǲǣ
Ȼȴʮֻǹȫӣʱǵֻвᡣ
ϰЧӳԾŭˣʮֻǹȻȲİĲᣬôҲһƬѪҪȫƵĻôõǹȫɰˣ
ʮֻǹƽʱԲǳη壬Ψ𣬽ȻҺţͷһ⣡
촽һЦ⣬ϰôʹʮֻǹģʹǺͲսν
Ҳ룬ԼаҽѧʮֻȮָϣϰ
ҪϰæͣҪۿԼİĲǹɱֱһܡ
ǹʱҪЦ΢ĿϰôĲ᲻޵е𣿾ʮֻǹһϣҲĶְɣ
ǺǣλСֵܣлú˵ϰѹŷŭһӲЦݣҵǹңల£·һߺòã
үǺǵŮԵϰ壬Ҳж˷ʱһʱǿǾ졣
漴ǲòΪǸǮĸû뵽ѱܹϰǹһӾͰϰε÷
ϰͽĻȴһЦ
ḻղŻhС֣޽֮ôݿ϶Ҫˡ
ƱۣƱһ˿һĿ
ϰ壬ĲֻĦҮȮܺ棬ҶĲᵽжҲܺ棬Բ˼鷳ǹͲһɣ촽ϷʵЦ˵
ţϰ循ŭӵĿ֮Уᴵһڡ
Ҳ̺һڣʮֻǹĶУ˲˫Ŀͨ죬ë𣬷·״̬
ȻĿУʮֻǹѸݵȥ
᲻Ϊƽʱʮ־µʮֻǹΪʲôҲ˼̫ණֻоԼϴܵƣŭĻ˲˫ۣ
֫һţҲʮֻǹ˹ȥɱһ
һʱ䣬죬ű˺ҧ˵ĶȮں԰ԶԶ
庣ĸ˶û뵽԰ȻᷢһĶǵĹеŵԶԶܿе˱Ƚϵ˳Χۣʱͱǰײж񶷾ˡ




462¡һ
 

ϰĲһ壬ʮֻǹʹȦ־ѵһʮ˿·硣
ʮֻǹᣬצ˵ϾͳһѪĿӡ
ӹʮֻǹأҲдССļʮ˿ڣֻƤûǹô
棬ֻȻͨҪ͵ö࣬ʮֻǹӮ
֮ʹ£ʮֻǹ֪ʲôη壬ȫûһ˼ҪĳŲҧ
˿֪̾Լʤ㣬Ҳɵøֿ־ν㶵ģ㶵²ҪģʮֻСǹҪͬھ
һԵϰ忴ĲϵѪۿˣôȥĲǹ군
׺ݵĹɱıȫֹˣֻĿŸż
ڣʮֻǹһϢڵϣ˸ܾˣˣѪʣۿǻˡ
ҵᣡҵǹϰʧУһ
һ˫˵۾סСӣҵĲǹӽҪɱ㣡
űǴһӣһȺװ󺺵ʱȥ
ϰʹʧȮŭȻ֪Ҫô
Сӵйϰͷ֮ޣ
үǿʮ׳ıɷļƣҪڴʱŵôʧɫ
Ҫˣ
ʮСһ̲ס
ȻĵӳϾͳԹ޳Ҳ뿴
СģhҲ¶֮ɫ
ϴѵ˷˿ֱ֪ñͨܶࡣ
˷˿ϾֻͨˣҪԵʮרҵıڣΪĵǣôǿ׳Ĵ󺺣ֻһҲ򲻹ɣ
hվˡŵڷh
h΢΢һӿȥֻһĨЦ⣬ƺȫǰ֮
֮䣬ʮѾΧʮֻѸȭͷݺ
ԭزһֻŷhѸײڶٶȻ߳һţ
һֺֿݵıȣ統񷣬ɨʮڵϣ
أ
һײʮ˲䱻ɨɳȥҽعĴÿ˵ĶС
һ֮ڣξȫת䡣
ȱվԭأʮڱ߷ɳȥԶԶˤڵأؿʹ
үǾˣǵŮҲˡ
ϰһ𺧣ŵϴ󣬷ֵʼĲ
ʲô˲õﰡ
ʮרҵεڣգۼͱһǱȣɱˣ
ʶжΪѧ֡
ֻһ֣Ҳһ֮䣬ɱʮڣôᣬѵѧѾǳ֮ˣ
hĿİ֮ˣﲨתǰ⡣
ֺͳ֮󣬳ԽԽأ֪ʲôʱô֡
΢΢Цhһиģûأ
лһҪҿʲô̶ȣhЦӯӯĻӦ
̸Цһ䣬漴ɿڷh֣ϰȥ
㡢𣿡ϰ度µˡ
Цʵ˵أ
ҪǸҴҵĻӾ㸶ۣڵϰǱʶһǸƿؾӣһ仰˼ϰ˺һҧ
ЦԽԽĵǻİ
Ҿ͡ҾͱϰҲ֪һ̣ʲôϰԳвûûãΪԼСֻѡ񱨾
ʱ򾯷һƾϰݱ϶վһߡ
ϰ廰һ䣬һĴеѾˣ
ĵĳͱ˾
ϰ嵹û뵽ƽʱηĴ裬һҲʡĹ
ܿ죬ԶʹѵӺ԰ڿӳʮƷľ졣
и꾯촩ŰɫƷ˿ʽ˾ȻǾֳΰ
ΪǸֳ£ΰǳӣԴӹˡ
һ³ͿǰһһϢĴ󹷣ɫʹĺװڡ
ʲô£ΰʵ
ϰһӭȥߵʹߵֳҵıںͰȮСӴÿˣ̰ץ
ΰ΢΢üһôܰô󹷺ͱڴ򵹣
ɻһ֮£ʱһ⣬ⲻǳ




463¡ǮҲã
 

Ϊ캣еĴ쵼֮һʱΰҲڳʱͼһΡ
ǵ˼ҲϹȥ̽ۼ֤˳Ȼǡ
λĳأҽǲǵľˣΰȻļԺ
û뵽ûã
ΰҵӭȥ
ŶǼ档캣д쵼ûпȥסΰŰɫעһ¡
ΰʶԼĲһϲ滹һֹ̬ȵʲô
Ȯˣҳֽѵһ°ˡĵ
ϰֳȻСʶѾô˵ʱ̲סŭϹ˵ʲôأҵǹͲụҧҵĳִҵıڣֳһҪϳ񣡡
ΰŨüë΢΢һ壬ϰô˵棬ܿƱ˵ǹҲ췽ҹ̷顣
飬ҪĿȡ֤ΰȻ֪ݲһ㣬ҲسϾǾֳҪ¡
仰ϰһҪþֳΧȺȡ֤Щүƫ̻
ھڳϰ岻вЩˣֻ˫۶ݺݵĵסǡ
ȻүǣѾȫԵŵϰˣû뵽;ֳʶҲõĳϰ
ΰߵүǰɫƽ͵ʵλľ
ҡǸĴվ˳ʼԼ
ΰүȡ֤֮ȷϰ֮ˡ
Ŀϰ壬һˡ
ֳǲץңСӴҵ˺͹ӦץϰʱŭӵĽе
ΰô֤ҪٽƱ磬СţСȥ
ǣᾯ쵱ߵϰǰóסϰ˫֡
ϰû뵽ԼгһվȻ˿ŭ𣬵ҲҹȻвֻҧҧ˵ֳڵϰǱ⣬Ҽʮڣʶϰ飬Ӧúúһ£ҿԸһǧѣô
ǷǮҲãΰ˽ССϳǼֳЩں͹Ҳߣ
ǣʮ죬վֳʼİܿͰϰıȫ
ϰ壬һϸշƲģûбϰıں͹˵ɣΰеʵ
ʵͿˣʮ־棬벻ҽҲô
΢΢һЦû£ֳξ鷳ˡ
鷳鷳ΰæЦݣ漴һ£ˣȥزϰ飬ʱν置Ǿⷽ治˽⣬Ҫæ
ǵĻ֪ͨҰɡͷûоܾ
оĵʡ£ϾǱߣ֪Ϣ
ΰԴϲȻſѧԼľԴӼʶòǶĹƳ֮󣬱㲻ҿᴫ˵е置
ԸЭǾʱǹʦҪԸͺðöࡣ
ǳлԸǵæȴӻؾˡΰ̬𾴣
˵֮Ͼ뿪԰
ֳȥ֮󣬴үǣʮǧС㣬Ŀȫͬˡ
һɱʮǿ׳ڣַǷоֵľֳô𾴣ȻݱԶеĻҪһһ˿ء
ʮС㣬ԭԳĴģȴĽ֮ġ
书ָǿˣŮ˵
ЩСȱǮͨûʲôȤյˣܹǡ
һԸ񿪷Ŵ󵨵Ů߹Цʵ¸磬书ҾӦʶһ£
̲ס˼Ƥ񣬸ղŻأڳ¸綼еô˳ˡ
ŵһŮӴ󵨵ʾŮ³ߣҲ׷ǰѳΧסһʱҷ˱ǣСζͬˮζһ




464¡Ů
 

СȻúԼֺͽģ˵һֱ׵ŮŮӶԼıͳѣҪϵʽ
үں濴ֺǺǵģԼŮڿˡ
ֻôྺߣҲұ֤ԼŮܻó
ôСʾãĿЦã˵֮󣬲ɫһ飬ѾŮˣ
˵꣬ĿͶһֱ͵Цķh
ʮСʱһ㵣īֵŮǳ
ѵȻԼ÷˽֮
ĻԴС˵ʵǾףǿųֱˣ·ڿһ̬
үǵɫҲѿԼ̸ǾΥףŹŴҪģ
hͲҪٺұˡţŷӦղŷh˵Լá
h࣬һЦزԥֱժԼīͿ֡
֮ǰԼΪŮŮȻ覣ͺСŮ·֮ò˲ѹʮС㣡
Ǽ䣬˶ˣүǲϲ£ͣСǷ׷׵ɴ۾ǰŮ
ܿһС㾪ĽеⲻǴǷh𣿡
һڣҲѷh˳
˭Ҳû뵽һֱǵŮĳãȻǻȫĴǷh
ңȻhѾ¶ݣô֮ǰ˵ǳãǼٵġ
Ҳ˵ǷhǳŮѣ
ղŵĻǵһû˻Ǿ¹ϵ
ʮСһʱɫӣ¶߲ѡı飬ղǻ׷ȴû뵽ѾӵһôòŮѡ
ǷhǲŻòԲλࡣ
ңhĳ̶ȣүǶ֪ŮǻŮ񼶱ôǵŮȻûϷˣ϶ź
˼ղƭˡhΪǣȴһӶûеĸүǸĵʱ䲻ˣǻȥɡ
áͷҲûʲô˼ͷhһ뿪߳԰
˶ϧ̵ദʱ⣬ɢһűȥ
ߵſ֮󣬷hһ˫ﲨӯӯĿڵҪص۾ˣ᲻뿪㡣
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ţѾڿˣʱҿҪֱӰǵֹ˾ܲᵽ캣hĵͷһȻ֮ɫ
ЦЦһúڴҪжޱ𣿡
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ŷhӣ𣬳ĺǡ
һ֮󣬷hǲֻޱ绰
ܿ죬ޱͿhͳӵһ𣬶ʱɫе㲻ÿ
hС㣬߰ɡޱ򿪳ţhϳ
ǰƣѾԽԽԤϣޱȥٿĵȰһԵķhС㡣
Ϊˣϣhĸ質ҵܵκθš
ĿͷhȥеȻ߽һֲ֪ʱܺͷh
ˣh𣿡
һţͿٵȺڿʵ
ţhȥ۾ˡɳϣƽ˵
ԣɫеʧ䣺ϧûͷhһ¡
ľͺܺãh϶ǵġ΢΢Ц漴վȥ
֪Ҫ̨ˣҲʼΪæµ
ֱ̨Ӵƽľתȫע
뽫ʱ䶼ָʵﵽʹˮƽ
ʱһһĹȥڼȥͣٴ̨ȫͶ֮С
ֱʮӣͻȻ̨ɫ˳˵ˣпá
Ŷȥ΢΢죬ôˣ˭
һ¥ʾȥš
Ŵֻ֮ͣһµϽγ߳һһ֮ˣԼʮ꣬װȥǸ
ߵ⣬ǸæӭĵˣˡСβ
ǵڷŋˮҪׯʦһ˵ļ
ոϵʱ¶ϲɫĵЦݵˣϵңСҡ




465¡
 

ϰ壬ʲô£۾΢У䲻ȵʵ
ˣСξͿˡոæͷ·ϰɷƵģԴϴηͳһСһֱȥƷĲϣǰգһñ
˵ţӰµϳȡһľУ˫׸
ˣһӶɽʡɽ򵽵һľ˵ľѾʷԱ˵ľ̺ݻոСĳϺӣһĶ
Ѿȥһ£ոڼ˲νķϣȷǼ٣ֱعľ֮󣬲Ÿҹݼ
շô฻ڳոǵһҳģɼķ϶ôϡ١
ԭҲЩϣû뵽ҵݻӹӴһһɵ˱ǶĿһʮҵľɫƣľƳΣΪÿ
ˣôոڴʵ
ֻҪľ˵ô˾ͺܿܰƣʱٻؽҲζԼӵһķ
ˣոʱĿУϣÿ϶Ĵ𰸡
Ȳӣľӳȡ漴һ˫иϸ⣬ľȥ
͸֮£ľɢһ͵⣬ҷǳŨ
˫ͫ΢΢һľ۵ģľ֮
ߣΪľ֮ľڸɽ֮ϣ¹⻪Ϊãöֱ֮аЧ
ľ̺ľ֮ľ֮ķа֮
͸ۣĵͷľܺãƷϺòϡ
̫ˣСξͰľ͸ˣոϲ񣬱ǲֺó
ȻľҲֶ顣ǹ𵭵Ц⣬֪⸻⣬ϣľƳɷ
ȻһϺòϣȻҲͶұ
ոеĺ壬ϲʤûһˣЦ˵СȶлˣǳԸľһСαضؽ򣬾ԲóԿ
ƷȻû⣬ҪһЩʱ䣬ƺ֪֮ͨȡߡ˵
ڵʵҪһǼСʱ֮ڣͿɵģҪһϡ
ոæͷҪƶöУСҾסھƵ֪꣬ͨҾȸˡ
ڰ֣ʾȥ
ոϹˣϲЦտµϳһű
ľֱ̨
еæµˡ
ʱҲΪϲģΪ֮ǰը˼Դٳ޷ָ
֮ǰϵĺתΪˡ
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û뵽ոôһŨľ˯ͷ̫ʱˣ
ѷľĺӺǰǼ򵥵˼һ
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²˳٣תľͨޱȵĹתΪ
һ̳Сʱ붨лعľѾа˳תΪоԼ̶ʱڣָٶȱ֮ǰҪࡣ
һһŴɫ۵֮ϡ
ܺãľ壬ܿͿԻָ۷״̬¶Цݣֿľ
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ȻӦոƷҲȫľͻȥôϺõĲϣֻһһʹã̫˷ˡ
΢˼֮ľΪ룬һСƳɻľո
ַǳϧԼ塢עĴ󸻺ϲܹ塢ٵķ
˳һľ¶񡢾аСͷֻҪľϣͿʱʱ̸̿ܵľ֮ٲ⡣
һľƳһССľնаƹĹͷ




466¡·թƭ
 

ƻľԼ򵥣ڽҹѾɡ
ֻڵ޷Ϣʮңƺľ
ȫһƣϮҲĺܴ󣬱㷢Ϣᰣ˵⼸춼ڱȥ˾
Ϣ󣬳ص˯£һ˯˯ڡ
¥ٳͣո绰ƺˡ
ո˳Ѿš
ˣǷޱߣôһոһͶЦݴ
ѻľֱӵݸ˵黤ľֻҪʱʱϣͿ԰ٲ֣١
ոӹľ˫Ŀ⣬ϲ̰Ŀеı
ڻһķ
ҳ˻ܶ⣬Ҫľֿӳķ
ȻΪʲôľ֮ǰľô࣬ƷҲģոҲҶʣ˿̵ĻŭţЦޱĵ˵ˣ̫лˣԸ⻨ǧ黤ľΣ
ǾǧɡҲȥƽϣﻹʮûôҲں黤ľǮ
ոû뵽ôˬ죬׼õһǧ֧Ʊ
ӹ֮ո͹ĸˣ˵޵ϣ͹
ĸưǹ𻡶ȣ̾˵ת߻
ڵеڴշû޵ϡ
ϾЩ󸻺󣬼ôҲĺñˡ
ո֮󣬳ֿʼȫͶ֮УȹԪ
һһҹʱ䣬֪Ĺȥ
ڶ΢ڿٷѧ
ĵֻţͻȻ֮䣬һ֤Ϣ˳
΢Ž棬ֻһŮͷǳΪԺİˣҪѡ
㿪ͷһһȫʶŮƬûʲôʶȡ
ȻʶҲİˣֱӵ˾ܾ
˲ӣԷַӺ󣬲Ϣ˧磬һҡ
΢΢һЦص˴ӦҪԷˣʲô·
Ӻѳɹ֮󣬡Ժ̾ͷһϢ˧磬ѽ
ûϻظȷһ¶ԷȦ뿴ʲô
еȫһԷȦȻûκϢ
ʱе֣ԭΪŮͷġԺҶƭӡ
һƭӣȦɹԼգ˵ԼܵȵȣΪ档
ȻİΪѣͨûʲôƭģΪԼһˣŮԸԼѣĻͲȥ²Էı
ʱҶƭӾͻթƭһ׶Σ͵˶ȵȣٲȻһλᾫӢײİ׸õǷǣ
ڶ׶ΣƭӾͻ˵ԼʧˣˣҪοȡͬġ
֮ˮɵĵ׶Σ˵ԼҪȥ⹫żɢɢģ⹫żȻֲҶģƭӳŵȫΪʱ򣬾ͻҶ
֮ôϤҶƭӵթƭ̣ȫȫһΣһթƭƭĵĻʱ䡣
Ȼûгɹ·ܻ֮£Գһͨɾ΢š
죬һŮͷİӺѣȻȻ뵽ԷҶƭӡ
ԺȦտҲ֮󣬳е죬ѵҶƭӲ·ˣ
˼ʲô·ԺַһϢ˧磬ôظңøŶ
˵ɣǲҶֱĻظ
֮ǰµ·ڿûʲôĸƭˣƤ
Է̷һЦޡı飺˧磬ҲҶƭӰȻҡ
ôӵ΢ŵģٴλظ
һ󣬡ԺϢ˼Ҿǿį䣬Ӹ˧죬𣿡
ǺǣǳƵͦįģҲ϶ƬϵŮҰٷְǸٽŴ󺺡Ļص
һۣƺԷЦ
ţԺϢ˧磬ῪЦƬϵŮȷʵңҵͼƬͲ´ˣҲʲôٽŴ󺺣ǱͷƯŮŶ
Ҳšָ㣬ϴ֣Ȼ㲻ǲҶŮԳԼŮǿ϶ƭҸתǮƭҳȥҾɾ㣡




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𣡡
𣡡
˧ɾң
˲䵯ϢƺԺǳ±ɾƵġ
ֵ㻹ʲô˵ģ
˧磬ô΢ţһ¾ͼӵѣ֮Եְ
ҲʲôԵ֣һƭӣװʲôŮ˵ȥҶˡһ뵽ԷǸֵĺӣȻ̸ʲôԵ֣ûɵһ񺮡
ԺƺΪظԥʲô飬û뷢ϢǸʮ룬Żظ˧磬Ȼ㲻ңֻܷƬ֤Լˡ
ܿ죬ﵯһƬһŮڴϣ˯ۣĳһ˫׻Ĵȿǽϣʮˣֻǿ
ƬŮˣѾԺᰡ
ȻûʲôоֻһЦϾͿҵõ϶ƭԤ׼õġ
һܿϳĳŮǡ
˧磬ҿǵһθ˿ҵ˽ŶֻĻֵԺϢ
΢΢𣬴һ֣˽һѣɵˣ㳶ˣٻظң㣡
±ƵģԺûٻظһ䡣
ֱɾƭӣֻĻͻȻʾһİ˺롣
ҿôͲ鵽ҵ绰˰ɣʱʮڵƭӶôͨ
ֻȫûΣթƭ룬û˴ģ뻹ǽͨˡ
ιãΰ绰ͷһʮ
һýˣԭоֳΰġ
ڻӦֳʲô𣿡
ģǲ鵽زϰһȺʿһ¥ҵ³ƣЩʿȥµġΰش
£ʲô£е档
ΰ˵ǿ¥̣оԷ캣ϽһСɽɣ˵һʱ򣬴¥ֹü¥˽̱βˣȥԷ£а
ԭˣֳǲǻ£Ͳйƶйأ뵽ǡ
ΰ͵ο϶ô򵥣һЩʿǲйʦڣһȥ̽һ£֪ûпգ
ҿԹȥ֮ǰѾӦǺΰǳ֡
ȻԶԸһͼıĵزϰ壬ҪϹʦȫ˽£ܻܿص
˳һѣԼҲʶһºйϵǸعʦ
̫ˣллΪ˱ݾߣ⣬ͲȥѾһСھԷ۲ԹȥǻϡΰȻ˵
˵ţͰѱСӵϵʽλñóС֮˽ͨ
Ҳɣǰ캣ϽԷ¥ڵء
Ѿ˴ľϵתΪƳľС̣һΪǡ
Ϊ˵͵ûпԼĺڰʿܣǴһƳ̳ǰĿĵء
ص֮ɫѾȫ
λƫԷô
ټ¥βԭפ̼Ҳ׷׳룬ȫѪ
³֮󣬿¥ǰһŸ߸ߵʯƣСԷ֣ʯƺһߵ¥Ͷ
ֻûסûһƻ𣬿ȥյģеɭ
Է¥ӵļҵ֣ҲǺܶ࣬·ƺܿ
Ȱΰĺ룬˱¾ĵ绰֪Էλ֮󣬱˹ȥ
ֻԷһ·ڣͣһɫԱվһɫ׵ˣȥͨСȫûоʡ
߹ʵǾֳ˵ĳ
ûҡɫƽĻش
Ϊ죬ôֳôæĪɣ
۽磬ȫʲôݣֻܰվֳĻ
¾쾯ɨΧһȦûʲô쳣󣬱Գ˵ϳ˵ɡ
ͷԾվ硣
ϳ֮󣬳ֳˣһŮȻǱ¾죬ĸ˵ıСӡ
ҲǸһᣬԼڶʮңб³ͨͨ㷸Ӷжϲо
ǸŮ±Ƚرó̲ס࿴һۡ




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ֻŮ´ǳԣADER errorӵĻɫ£ɫţп㣬һͷʮˬ̷
ŮµͨŮӲ߱ƽһֽ֮ݣֱͦȴȫױüҲͿ࣬ա
ôԵĴ磬ǲòһ䣬Ů³Ǻÿ
Ů¾㴩űȽϿɵ£ҲԿķǳá
Ů¼һͶüë΢΢һǾֳ˵Ǹ
ûҽгĺ֮󣬳̵ҽһ¡
¾죬ŮڸʻеһڼʻλһͳһںλΪĴ˳һ
ǺǸбһʲôݣʲôسֻǸͨкӣûʲôر֮
Ůһֻҽͮ
֣Ǹоһ壬漴ֻͻȻ
ңİЦͮʹ治ɫ΢Ц
ͮ۵ӹһ˿֮ɫֺüӲΪоõļ֮һȻȫ󲻶ֻ֡
Ȼֻ̽һ³ǲӣû
ͮ㣬òôðʻλϵбЦʵ
̳ͮƣбһۣٷϻ£
ǣͮ㣡ֶͮ˸Цãҽ
ҽ·ƽá
бȺִк̬ȶܺãŮͮһ̽
̵Ľܣֻ֪ͮСӵĶӳڳʶ㣬ѧ֣жϵó֣ͮоҪöࡣ
ʮʿʲôʿš֮Է£а㶼֪𣿡ʻλϵʼ˵۲쵽
ͷ֪𣿡
ǵ飬˲ھԷ˵Ǻ¶ٺ٣ķزϰ壬˿£϶¹ˣ˵˵ţٺЦ
ͮļһ£㣬ʲôǸ϶ֳ˵µͷЩɸ˵Ļ¡
ͮ㣬ֳ˵置ʦйѵʲôƶ֮ģͿѧˣϵ·ƽź֮ɫʵ
֮ǰѾֳΰ˵йƶ飬÷ǳ档
رǳߡһľֳˣȻ˵置ƶֶǱԸţֳȨȴǿʼԻѵصĴڣ
ͮ·ƽһʣҲе㲻֪֮ǰ۹ƶ飬ֱҲֻǰŰɡ
Ϊ죬ǵʹάƲȫ뻵ܿҪһԹа置ʦе㲻֪Ӧˡ
գ뿴
ͮųƽƽʵֳЭǵ飬˵˽置ƶⷽˣ
ԶһҲǹʦش
ͮ˳ĻشĲ룬㿴һЩ̯ѧ濴置ƶĴżأ;Լ˽ʦɣ
ʵ̫ˣС꣬ʵȫֹֻǵͦӲģׯ˵֣֮⣬ر֮
ͮǲףΪʲôֳкӹЭ顣
΢ͮǿԼСӵ·ƽ˵ǰԭƻ°ɣ׼õĶó
õģͮ㡣·ƽһȡһɫۣһʿȻ
ͮЩǸѵõЦ⣺·ƽ˭ٰ׽ʿ
ͮ㣬Ҳᡣ
·ƽ
˵ʵȻǾ죬ԾԷֹȷʵе㺦£ǰھԷļˣ״ֲ̫ˣǵʱߵƬڻ¡
˽ҪǼٰʿȥɭɭľԷ·ƽĶǿܵġ
ͮʱü𣺡СѵҪͮԼŮʿһ˽ȥ𣿡
ͮ㣬һ˽ȥ̫ΣˣҪö㣿һ
ͮҡҡͷ򿪳ʵƣٰʿ
ͮ㣬Ҳеģһˣб¶ƶʱһ࣬ƺ·ƽҪС
ͮʱŭˣǼ׻ǲǾ죿ǲˣССľԷҽȥˣ




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ơ·ƽˣʵҲµòҽȥֻϣӳҪô嶯
ͮȻǿαСӶӳСˣ±Ƚϴ󵨼湦ֻԵģҲܸߡ
ΰֳȽصϣͮÿжܹӿǡ
ͮ㣬ҾóȻٰʿȥ̫ΣˣЩµʿܿһ¾ͷǼٵʿʱǵݺױ¶·ƽ˹ķ
漴˵ǰͮ㣬ǵ귨ºһЩµʿ̽һʲô
귨¾ˣҶ˵治ô򵥣ͮն˵˫иּ֮ɫȻǲҽȥҾһ˽ȥ
ͮ㣬嶯ơ·ƽæȰ
ڴʱһƽ𣺡ͮȥɡ
ĸѭȥʱ΢΢һ㶡
㲻Ǿ죬ȥܻΣգȽϰȫͮ˵
ǹһȣʲôǾ죬Ǿʵ
Ѿ쵽µʱ˰ɣٲȥĻܿ޷ʵĿˡ
һ仰ͮ˲ĶȷʵȥΪ֮ƣΨһѡ
ͮ϶϶ͼı죬νʧʱľѻᡣ
ƾǰĸ֣߳캣еһѵһ
֮ͮ¶ģԳ˵ȻˣǾ鷳ٰʿҽȥ
ͮ㣬ҪҪٿһ£ʻλٴȰ
ƺ·ƽҲĿȰ˵Ҫ嶯¡
ͮʱûĳôǿͮҵı𣿡
б±˵ֱӵͷȥӳôִţ֪϶Ȱˡ
ͮ㣬ǽȥһʲôΣգһҪһʱ֪ͨǣ·ƽ֣صѵ
ͮתΪЦİɣҴǳôж֪ôշִ磬һҪǳİȫҿ϶̰ðġ
˵֮󣬳Ѿѵۺ͵ʿȻá
ĳһײӣĸ¾춼е̿оǳ
ȻǿɲЦϾԸôϣǷǳѵõġ
ˣǹȥɡɫûʲô仯һĵȻ
ͮ鵭мСʿʣʵת̫ˣее㾪档
ͮ˳Է¥̵Сȥ
վסſһӱţ߰˸ˣóԽķ·ǳӡ
ɫƽĵϰµģǽȥ
СӲŶëû룬۾ΪԼǵʦˣͷıӳĶԳ
ȿɫ磬ȷʵǵʿʦɽһ
㻹Цˣӳ죬ЦҲһĴЦ
ӳżЦʿô˸ŮӣװҲװһ㣡
ʦã
ʦ㣡
ͮͬʱڣԷĻ֮밵⣬֮ǰǶԺÿڷ硣
ǶʱЦøûôƭӣԼҴԼ¶ݣ
ߣСƭӣƭϰǮٲĻҿҪˣӳɷĺȵ
ۼ漴޷Ťתǲˡ
ȡ֮ǰƺõķľУһЦλˣү¶һ֣
һ䣬еľȻ⣬Ȼâ΢ҹǳԡ
ǵ۾һӾ͵ɴˣ
ǸûζľѵǴ˵еķ
ͮҲǾ֮ɫеͰѵҲʿԾֳŻЭ飿
ôλЦľѽרΪаԷʲôүҶһն֮Ҫϰ֪ǲҽȥʱܲܶס
ӳ¶һ֣һ÷ǳе
СʿͿԳԷĶôԻᱻϰΪϱһССıɵﲻ
үǼղſˣȥɡӳ̻һ̬ȣԳʮֵ𾴡
һģƵģֻ΢΢ͷҡڵ߽Сš
ͮں棬ЩԶһ֮󣬲źĿʵղľ⣬Ƿ




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ֻͿ˵㷢ϰˣƭƭЩЦЦ
ͮʱȻ򣺡Ҿ˵ôʲôĴڣ̫ѧˣôţǶӳ
ô£˵ͨνУޣԴûĴ澴η
̤ͮһͳһʮֲмĵҲŲȥηЩĶˣȶԺÿڷ磬Ǿʦ㡢ʦƺˡ
ҴŵۣȽ𳤰ɣʦֱȽϺá߱˵
̲ͮסһЦŶ󣬱һС꣬ԼƵģ²Ҫھʦ㡣
ðɡǹһεЦ⣬СһĹԴȥ
ǴԴɭɭ¥Ψһ⣬ȥѾв˾ƹӰӣȥЩˡ
ʦܣҪǷʲô£һҪңȺӰ֣ͮصĶ
Ȼɭ¥ȴһⶼûУֻΪ죬صչ˳İȫ
΢΢һЦ֪ˣʦ㡣˵ʦֺһŮӾȻܹ¶ӵĶӳ
Ůôˣҿ캣оǰľ졣ͮ˵
е㾪ȵŶһô˵ʦ캣еĵһˣ
ܹͮ캣оǰӦо죬ô֣ͮ캣еһŮ
ޣҲŲҪʲô˵úҲŮƵġͮԺ񾯻֣Ըš
ðЦͮúƯҲܻ𱬣ûһŮζ
Ůһ𣬶ûʲôоͮͬԶԴ
ۼߵƹ⴦ٺͮ죬ֻԽ䱸ɨһµƹ⴦ʮӰ
ʮˣŮҲˣŸʽװд۵ĵʿдķˮʦҲдµš
ǸԶһ룬̬죬ĿȫмվŵһλװӿȥҲûע⵽ͮĵ
λʦɹãϰ۾ԷѾ룬λʩչͨ¥ĶװĿĿڵϰ˵ˣ˭ͨ󣬸ĳҲ࣬һ򣡡
֣ʮʿȫ˫Ŀ⣬߽ױаô꣬ǵһµĽ
Ҳǣ캣ִķز̣һ˵ֻСĿ
˶ʱȲҪõһֻû˭жǴһ˿⿴һۡ
ڴҶǾ֣˼⣬°ӣ߽Щʲôֶζʶв˻ù
λҹζ࣬ʩչͨɣϰ廹˵ˣһλɹõһԺǺز¿¥̣аװӼ˵
仰˸ԺҪܱϰƸ£׬Ǯô򵥣캣ãزҲܿĽ£ʱԴ׬
׼жʱ򣬱ͻȻһаôٵ˵үң
ͻȻ˲Сĳһ׷ȥֻһŻɫ۵ʿһ̷Ůվһ˶ʮꡣ
ôĵʿһװŮˣ˲ģиֲм֮ɫСҲԷһţǾһ
˭Ҳǵϰǹװüʵ
ͬʱİŵıôҪҹôֲ׵ļһһȺ
ŵЦүвգ˳Ҳ
Եͮ˵ģЩ̲סЦһװûͦ񰡡
ˣû˵캣иķ£һˡװӵüëøˣɫһǺزݲףȥҪӰλʦ
Ҳ׷ͶӵĿ⣬СӣԳƳˣЦ
ʿǼٵʿ׽ľǺõʿǺزһô϶Ϊұ֤ܳɹôһҲ޷ǲǣԾһȻ
΢һ룬Сʿ˵ҲмֵԷֹʵֵ̫ˣԲʮʿȻûʲôģСʿԣҲûʲôӰ졣




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ʮʦ˳Ļͺܲˬˡ
ʲôвұ֤ɹôˣ˼ǿˡ
Сӣʲô˼СһӣҪְңʶľͿ뿪϶һ㣡һԼʮİ׳ʿĿŭĿвĵ
ԣһЦλ׳꣬ȴ˥ֻ֮¶ϵĵһˣ㡣
ڷƨ׳ʿʱȻŭѿڴ
æֵëϢŭҪ¾Էλ˺λСֻͬǾԷ׶ϰ岻ٳϣСؿǡ
һǵıڳЩǺ⣬ôܻô⣬Ϊȫġ
İɣҼȻȻҵ̣˳˵һ£λҵʦ㡣ɫĽһͮɡ
ֻԿͮһۣԵŮСʿʦ㣬СʿãںҪСʿû汾¡
ǾСʼʩɣλ˳ԷףԸλ󹦸ɣ˵֮󣬾˵Ŀ£첽Сš
һֱо쬵ģ뿪ֹ¥ˣɲԸֹط
ȥֻ࿴һۣ㿪ʼȡ׼õʩߣʲôаɰʡֽ취ӡȵȡ
Ǹİ׳ëһӣԼаһ̳Сģ׼̳ʩ
ëһ׼̳£һ߼û׼κεߣɵɵƵվԭأһ̵ܶľʱһм
ôһСƽҲ˼ղŻȷ̳ϣ˭׽ʦ
Ҳëôһ£Ⱛ׳ʿ׼˳֣һ־ڱصˣ
ȻҲ˶磬иԵ
мʿʦ¥ȥ̶λڡ
һλ޲¡ԼʮţڵϿʼջֽдʣаǰ
һʮɹãһʮҵСŮɹǳƵĿڵСѿ쿪ۣץ
ᣬڳѾɢֻгü˵ʲôеĿȥ
ֻǸ·СŮɹȻĻ£۾һƬɫȥʮֹ졣
ѵǴ˵еۣȤû뵽ȺʿĴڡ
ղѾ͸ɨʮߣûʲôҲûνĹʦУֻЩͨˡ
Ҳûзˮʦϡ캣ȦԪڳޣ벻бĴʦ
ڿСŮۣɵ棬Ҳ֪СŮпֻۣǰϡ
ʦܣҪ׽ͮۼǸͨѳһʵ
ݸŮʦܻˣ΢΢һЦֲֻȰ׽ȡκ˵ܴ׳ʲôϢ
ϼ޻ôܸ͸©ıǵ飬ҿǸ֡ͮЩ׽ɲô⣬ƺϵ
ҲרԷֽ¡
Ƭ̺ȥ϶ģҿԷ˵һЩܣǿƾ׽֮Ĵ̽̽
֮ǰ﷢¼ǾѾûʲô쳣ҿٵҲʲôֱ֡ͮӷ˳顣
ƽĵЩ˵򣬵𣿡
ûСͮһ²ſڻش
ͶˡĴԤϣΪ鲻ǲҪھԷ̽飬Ҫ¥йƳڣǾҲ鲻ȸ̽һɡ
ͮô˵ԥ˼룬ͷӦ
ֳҪϳ飬置ƶȫϤڿԿλǰ˵Թƶ˽⣬滹Ǽ١
ˣȴĴʼأ֮ͮǰǰԳƣƺ
ЦЦʦ㣬С
˵ţһȥѾ͸ۿԷصĵط




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ͮųߵǰΪӦȳҪö࣬Ȼ׳ΪʲôѡҲܸоȷʵЩԾ
ûȥͷ±طҪϺüȣҲ֪ġ
ʦܣŶ⡣󵨵ͮ߹ȥš
ȡľСһ߸ȥһ䱸
ţׯĹʱѾʶнʬĴڣصıһҲҵġ
˽¶ȸˣ֮粻Ϯ壬ͮǺܺãҲе㶥ס
ʦܣ䲻䣿˿յͮɨŴѰҿյڡ
ҡҡͷҲ䣬¶ȵӦòǿյԭ򡣡
ԷΪ¥̣󲿷ַӶûװ꣬ȻպװޣҲװ˿յûд򿪡
ǿյΪʲôô䣿ͮǳ棬ֻ죬ƶʡĶҲûô䣬Ѿӽˡ
ڴ˼о֮Ǵӵص´ġ
ѵйǸعʦʳƣһʱðͷ
˵֮أȷʵǸʳƳĺõط
ֻͺԣʳƳƽʱֻʳͬʱֲ֣֪ʲô
ڲڵֺʳƳ棬ϵûʲô
˳ֻ΢һ룬µԻʳƳ棬ѵֹ
ǽ֮һֱûʲô֣Ѿ׼ľɱһˣڿΣճ֡
ͮǳȥɣûʲô쳣͸ɨһ֮󣬿˵
õģͮӦָֻԭĳƺ
˳󣬳ʼѰ쳣ĵطҹɫ͸Ҳ̫ԶԷҲܴһʱȷ̽鷽
Щȥ¥׽ʦǣʱҲûзʲôΣգƺνֹֻŴš
룬ڵͮȻصԭĵطɡ
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΢ڱѺôãϽ̻ˡ
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ɫˮһһͷɫ
ˣӦô죿ԪСʵ
Ѽڵʬ崦飬Ͳˡ˵漴뿪Ԫׯ԰




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֮Σ֪ϢȻܲܲˡ
ΪŴڸƳιƳεʦ置һദƳѾΪˣҲ֪ġ
ңŻطѩүүĽʯĳˣĽʯҲн飬ԭ򽻻һóȥ置ŵľ
¶ĺ󣬿ʼطѩĵ绰
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ѩүүĳţںܴܿΣ֮УҪȥ置˵
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УȥĻ̫ΣˣһƳιȥ˽置һùֻǾ£绰֪ͨ㡣ֱӾܾطѩ顣
طѩ룬ܿشǺðɣƳνСģʲôǵô绰֪ͨң
֪Լȥ置ҲﲻʲôæңȻͳһȥţҲ᲻ʶ壬ֻĵЩƳЩĽ
İɣѩ֪ҵһᰲȫȳŵģʱҰ캣УүүžۡЦЦ
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뵽ƽԳ˵ȳȥһ£ҺƳ˵仰
к棬ôʱƳ˵˽ˣ
뺽ɻгԣʱ䣬ҲżԹԵ˳ܲð칫ҡ
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ᰳ˼룬ſƳε۾˵ƳΣ߱㣬ǲϲϳˣ
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᰼ԲԣЩӣ滹ƽ˵ƳΣҶˣԳ϶⣬Ҳó˺ܲ置֮УǺܺõĻᡭ
㣬㡭Ƴⷬʱߺ졣




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ΪΪиһˡ
֪ƳζԳҲ֮ɡԥˡ
С󣬱Ǻá׽Ůӣ˲ͬĽã֪ĵĺѡ
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Ϥˣǳ֮ǰβǵʱ򣬼ƶʡʡҽԺϯʣԼҽ
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һԳôУۼһ𣬻ǺעĿģرǶʮӽγУ˸׶񣬿ȥͺܲǣ·˶ԶԶƹԼǡ
ʲôˣƳ̳Ƴμһֱ⣬ʵ
㿴֮ǰ캣ҽԺԼųָָ
Ƴ˳ָȥһ˫ʱ¶֮ɫôҲˣ
Լʱ˵Ҫ齨һ֧ҽѧרŶӣ置ռѧϰӥźЩߴн̸ԼӸɫֻû뵽ԼôˣЩӽγУӦþƸĹӶ
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ڵʱ죬չ죬ĺܶأ置ǧڸƶɵƿ£ڷʱڡ
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ֻ飬ǳҲֻһ룬置ʦķ⽨̶ȾһһϦԻġ
ƳҲŸ̾ʵҲϣ置ʦܺǵĻֹʦԸ⽫ԼƳľд飬ⱾļֵԲȡݸĿ
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滹ӣٸһۣߵٸλǰվš
ٸƺ֪ǹģȴ˵ЩʲôֻǰԼĺӱڻУͷĬȻ




490¡С
 

ڳλѾˣкü˶վţվǸٸǰҲû˾ʲôס
ֻгע⵽ӣһ˿ٸĿܲͬһ˿̰ζ
꣬Ǵźӵٸʶ置ˣ²пʶҹϵôá
ȻֻҪ겻鷸ƣҲȥô¡
Ƴδ˿̵˼ȫڳϣںͳһʵ̫ˣ
ܽӴܿĵ飬ȻϺͱ̸ֱԼ⣬Һͳ𻨡
е㼷ȥһ𣿡Ƴԥһ֮󣬿˵
ұˣȥ˼ˡֱһۣǱһ£ƳΣôŲ𣿡
ǣûвƳҧӣջǾ˵ڣںұ㷢չôˣ
ôͻȻôʣ΢΢ͻȻ֪ᰶƳ˵Щʲô
Ƴһŷķ·ʲôƵģе˵ôƯôãӦüӰѾ׷ְ
ȷʵܺãǺŮӣĺ֢ûã˵ĲȺ֢ҪҲǿεЦЦ
֪С㣬ôֺ׷ᰵ飬ѵСԼָıˣ
Ůĺ룬ΪѲ£Ҳ޷͸Ƴε뷨
Ƴи֮ɫһֵҸоóȫų⣬෴ĻܺãȫõıĲǵദʲôӰ죬Դ󵨵ȥ׷ֻҪİұ㣬϶԰Ȣؼҵġ
أĿƣƳεʵ
Ƴα߻ȻһЦҾСӺˣҿɲܺͱˡ
ɵϡܹܵƳζ⣬СӸʲôǰ̫ˣֻΪԼҸԸԼ⡣
Ůӣúۣˡ
ĵ׶֮飬ֱ۰Ƴ§С
ҪƳθоԼһů֮ϣﲻ֪§סͼ˼¡
Ȼ뿪§øˣɤͳϧĵƳΣҲ˺Լ
һռұˣ˵ЩȥԶ޷ˡƳС죬Թ˵
͵ĵȻԶ޷ᣬǾͺԶһɣ
Ƴһ̲סһ漴ͨͨҸкͻҸһͬӿһ˲־ϲ̻ӦĻ
Ȼһ뵽ҸӲ̾һ仰Ӧúұ˵Ҫ˷ϡ
仰Ƕ˵ģҲֻж㣬˵仰Цĳ˵
ᰣ޷˵ĻΪƳΣ͸ᰵġ
˶ҪӣҪϵģԼ˵仰᰺ܻܿûȷеĻӦΪȥԼǵ
ƳĻĶ컯ˣȷҪڻڳĻ
֪ٿܳӵΥԼıģ˿Ҳ˵κλĬĬܶݵ´档
ͳǧկ֮󣬲Сʱ·ͱҲ˲١
ͻȻ֮䣬ﴫһӵĿ裬ʹ
ȫ˵Ŀ⣬̱ȥԭǸٸŵĺӷ
ֻʮҵСӣԼСʹֱصĿš
СޣǼǿĺӣࡣٸһ۵飬һֻСĸİĦ
ȻûκλЧǺӵɫʹøˣֽŶܿƵķ
ȫ˿⸱Σó⺢ӿ϶ǵʲôҪϿҽΡ
ֻǴͳѾǰŴŵģ˾ҲΪһӣȫ˿һ𷵻ǧկ
˾ƺԤϵǺӻẰʹһǳ򶨵ļ
ٸοĺС̡̾͹ȥˡ
衢裬ΡþáûͣСʹ죬ŬĴĳ
ٸϵĵԽԽСֻҪһӾͺˣôôãѵּˣ
źܵüҪʣһҲűס
ƳοǰС˶һۣƳοڵǹȥɣ
ҹȥСڣ·;ǳ᫵Ƴվȣ˱Լȥ




491¡置
 

׼λǸٸʱǰһŸߵзˣȴλվڵλŮʿҽ԰㿴㺢ʲô
˿ǼʿȻÿҽʱΪǸӸеңÿͲ࣬Ȼҽȷʵˡ
ҽ˵껰ٸλȥ뿴СĲ飬վٸǰ꣬һΪ׳ͻȻװͰ͵ĽеС
ʲô˼ҽʱüͷǸ˵꣬⺢ӷ˼ڲĻܻܿΣգ
ڳϣҲ˵ˣһ׶Ķҽ
ϵÿȫû뵽ȻôԵˣҽӿǵĴʣ置صĵƦ֮ÿǷ׷׶ͶȥŭĿ⡣
Ȼʣµĳ˿Щ置ƺܼɵη壬ȥǣֻǵͷװʲô֪
ҽŭ˵ôôҰҸӿʲô£
ϻôλ׳겻漴ҽһѡ
·;ͺܵ׳ֺܴҽݺһƣʱˤڵϡ
Ұ置۸һҽϵÿǸӷŭˣ׷ߵ㲻βôأ
лмѪյÿͣλվ׼ҽѵһ置ꡣ
ԭҪȥģͨСﵲסˣֻں۲ơ
Ǹ׳СΧȴһ㶼£һ޿ֵӣüСʱѪӿ޲õ׳һ١
Ǵ綯֣վڸ׳Ǹ꣬æĽ
ÿСҽһСŭ置ǶҽƵˣǴˣÿҽСβ
Ҹǣñ£ǴڽϴǱ߿ǴүǸҵҴ磬ȥϴ壬ǽȥ׳Сܿڣв˵
Ϊĸ׳΢΢̧ͷʮţ⣬лһ˿֮ɫ·ڸ߳ϵĳ˿ͣСܵĻԡ
뵽置ĳЩ⽨ҰţѪӿÿСʱԥˡ
ֻεģɲС
ǽϴĳүǾǵͷ߰Ĵڣǲ
˾˵ģǲģҽҲеˣǴźһεģǲ׵ﱾˡ
˾ûлͷһ˿η˵ûλǽϴҵﴨү
õ˾ȷϣټϴ置˶ԴʮηӣҽͼͷСÿ͵ʱȫţǰﴨݣǱؼү
һӣǵķŭȫʻȥˣ
һֱĬٸͻȻ˵λҽмλС磬ллǵĺ⣬ǲðңҵĺ̾͹ȥˡ
ҽͼСÿͼʹͷȺһ̾ͻûµģǴ˿ҲٵﴨĺԼϧѹģɫѿ˻Լλ
ﴨСܼЩȫˣΪ⡣
㣬Сͦסˣ㻹ңֻҪӦңҾҴ󲮸Сκ缲ﴨһаЦĶٸ˵
Ϊٸ俴ﴨһۣģ
ߣǾͿСͦãﴨغһŭһţǹյЦ⡣
·ƽÿǣڵ֪ﴨݺη˻ԭλڿ߹ˡ
λŮʿĺӿɣҲҽߵٸǰҪСβ
ﴨû뵽ڱ֮󣬾Ȼ˸Ļ룬ǻòͷˣ
ϵÿǿһ˹ȥôỹԳҽʱһ죬СȲ˵ǲҽһˣôеȥﴨ
˿вΪǣǸҽͼղųͷСҲȥæֻϣ̫嶯
СӣҲ£ﴨüŭĿų
纮ǵƳһۣù㣬ÿβ
ӵ񡢿ǣﴨʱȻŭû˸˵ؿŭͬһҩͰ㱬ˣ
ԣ
ﴨŵСһ£ǿ׳һͬȭԳ
Į˵ĻֱۣﴨͰ˶ʱһɾƷɳȥˤڴͨϡ




492¡
 

һĻ˶ʱĿɿڴû뵽ȥͨͨһ㣬ȻôͰƷˡ
СӣȻҴң군ˣﴨʹվɷ
СҲҳȥѵΪʵ
ﴨԼ壬˲ųô׳ȻСٽȴƷɣе࣬ﴨ֪
Ҳɵӣ֪ƾ˶Ը˳СҪȥϴ壬ʱŻ
˿Ȼ𣬵ﴨϾǵͷߣⷬݺݵвǳˣСһʱǿҪ°
·ûﴨĻֻǿٸĺӣ΢ЦʵСҰβ
С¸Ĵ磬˵ллԼĸףƺѯ
ٸСʹɫףҲﴨñβˣĿ¶֮ɫųʵλС磬ҼСĲ𣿡
ģĲȻһҽβˣֻСơһЦţóһЯ롣
ٸ˿Ϳ룬һ֮ɫ
ߵĳϣƾһ룬ͿԸβ
ңһļ
ٸδСʹӽϴǰǧկβΪǧկҵȣҵҲ֮չѸ٣кüҽԺ
ȥļҽԺÿҽԺҽ˵βСĲΪСĲǳ棬ǾḻרҽҲް취
ҽǶȥҽѧغҽԺȥҽѧȽ׹Сβ
Ȼֻ置һũٸɷԼֻЩֹάƣôǮԼĺβȥǧկҽԺѾľǮˡ
ڼֻóһ룬ȻƿκСĲܲ㾪
е㵣ģ£Ϊȥȫרҵҽ˵ҽѱ˴ξλֻĽ
Сʹ಻Ϊĸףֻܰһᣬʹʹһ԰ɣ
ڳ׼Сʩʱһ˹
СĲֻҴ󲮲εúãСӣóȻСģҿҪվڳͷͨﴨ˵Ц
ĻҲ㵣ĵģųסһ룬Ҳ·סһ
漴ֿﴨһۡ
ϴүĴ󲮣ǴĳҽҽҽԺר޷֢ﴨĴ󲮶ܹκá
ƾһָ߳ҽҳΪϴļ塣
ֻﴨĴ󲮷ǳ̰ƣȵȡҲԽԽߡ
СȥﴨĴβǱɴľܾˡ
ǵʱڳﴨСѸòֻҪӦ˯ˣͿ󲮸Сβ
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γִСȥǧկﴨһСܸȥһԼа˼
˴СϷõʱȴû뵽ͻȻֵĳˡ
ﴨĻҲʼĳôᣬƾܲεǺӵĲ
νӹҽɱ˲õҽˮƽµĻľ˷ɺˡ
Ǹҽ˿̲ɵýȻ߾źӣûٳͷСβ
г˿͵עĿ£С£ʼΪʩ롣
ٸСϳʱ򣬳ͲСɫơݣ϶ǻ˹ֲ
֮͸ۣСڣСλãһ
λôңӰ쵽СĸΡƢҪ٣ѪңνǷǳֵ֢
γɵĹֲҽԺҽ޷Ρ
СһֱܾҶĸʹ巢λԽԽٲоεĻĳһܻܿʹ
ȼֲֹǻаҽеĳҲȫעԴ
룬ССȹλã漴סһ룬ԼΪϸַĲһΪλá
̣Сܼʹ࣬ڳ׼СѨʧȥʹС
ڼΪĴͳϣҪⳡò˵ǳҽĿ顣
һʱ䣬Ķͷһϸܵĺ飬䵽۾
ˮۣһգգȫԸΪСҾ
ÿһϸ΢Ķǣ˿͵ġ




493¡κ
 

ٸ߬סȭ΢΢ĶڳǸϡ
ﴨǿüͷ壬û뵽СӣСȻģѵκСĲ
õԤУ漴ϣ·ԽͳҡεԽԽá
ȥһ³
СӣСýвǲǿˣﴨ﹥ɢע
˼Сɫ԰ףɫʹ࣬û֮ǰ޺ﴨ˵һӡ
ҽǸҽҲСںܲԾⲻ֪СʵѨоʹ
ʱһһĹȥƳοųȥһ˿̳ı飬δרע˵˴Ѷȼߣҹȥų
ڵߵİСʱ֮󣬳ڴССϰλ룬һ
ȫԸʩչаҽеġɽ롱ԶҪö࣬ʩôһ̵Ƭ̳˻㱡
ܿͻָ糣⿪СѨ΢΢һЦоôǲǲʹˣ
ĲʹˣС־ϲĽеԼĶӣӳͰľʹȻڴ˿ʧӰ٣
ǰĸʹûзӣҲʹĸоָоѾʧ
С˲俪ĵ㵸ץס˸߲ҵĽе裬Ҳʹˣ裬Ҳʹˣ
ٸ㲻˼ĿԼĺӣСķӦֲ֤
һ̣ϲˮסС֡
ҲŵĿһĻղŻʹСӣ̶̰Сʱͱκˣ
ǼֱԼ۾
Ȼ֪Сʲô϶ǹڼҽε֢һʮ˽ðСʱģͽСκãֱСҽˣ
ﴨСܵɴ۾Сıκãֻʱûзѡ
ȻСġ˷̬ܵȴǲòš
ӣǰһӣʲôʱôù
ڳɹΪһѺƳҲ׷λȥȡһֽ
۲ۣƳһ߲һ߹ĵʵ
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ȵȣλҼСǳл֪֣һúñģޱȸм˵
һЦճ£СβֻǾ֮ͣͲñˡ
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仰ʱеΣСٸѵҪ
ɫĶܲһ置ٸ飬ǸﴨҲǿѸò
ﴨĻﲻ֪ʲô˼ʱɫúѿŭؿȼա
뷽跨ŪСѸôöûóѣû뵽ðСʱԸˣ
Ƴһ˫̺Ц⣬ų֪Ӧ
ٸջɲһֵܵסģ
֪ƳڿƳβڳٸҲûκа뷨ֻ΢Ц˵λŮʿĲôлң֮ͺҳݡ
һٱıһʱҲ֪˵ʲôãֻʮָмĿų
С̧ͷգŴӵ۾˵磬ллκҵĲ
лúϢһ°ɡСͷƳ߻λ
ϵĳ˿ͶþĿ⿴ҽģҲرڵʵ̫ѵˣ
ǻƳŮͳһ𣬳䲻ȴȫвŮòʮְ䡣
ֻﴨСɫܲÿǼһôƯŮѣǶʮּޡ
磬С汻κˣô죿ﴨСܣʵ
ﴨһô죿С£¾Իᵽǽϴʱ֪ӵ
Ƴλ󣬱㿪ʼϢ񣬴˴˲پúûָ
ƳμΪƣӣҲеΪģղžСľ޴ôǿˣ۳ӡ
ҽرľˣƳһŷĸǽϵϣһ˫Ŀų漴¿ţ鶯ѡ




494¡
 

ƳνúһƳζߵҺ졣
ƳΣڽϴסһ꣬ǲʶǸﴨ˿еԳתעʵ
Ƴ˵ʵסڽϴ帽׹ɽɽ£ϴ廹һξ룬ס˹ʳƷٵϴȥֻ˵ңûү
׹ɽҼǵҲ置һ󾰵ɣﻹйɭֹ԰΢΢죬ԭס
Ƴμ˵ѽ׹ɽξ㣬ɽܴдƬ˼ɽԭʼɭ֣סһɽ£ھ֮ڡ
סôƫԶ϶ܲ㣬ǲǹúࣿ;ÿȥɽȥ
Ƴ̾һǺֻ࣬ѾӦˣϲȻϲϲе֡
Ҫ˵캣УѶȡҲ֮̾һ䡣
죬ͻȻ֮䣬ͳһ£漴ͣ
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·᫣ּʯñ̥Ҳûжɡ
Ȼһ̣ͳ˷ͻȻһ¡ƺǴĦг
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ôɷͳ˿һֱ³˴ٰ
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ǿӵĽٷ˻ͷ˵ϴиŮ




495¡̵Ľٷ
 

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˼ٵĹȰƣȴǺɫ֮ˣÿپɫŮӣҲǲ̵ɱ컹ǵһαһŮò𺳡
ʵ̫ˣ
ʮٷҲ׷ƳοΪòޣϵſˮ
ҪһΣʮԸ⣡
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ٷͷӿŮ߽ǳòߵ
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һƳΰϾʱһٷ˽еϴﻹһŮ
ٷͷһ˫۾ƳϲƿǸٷˡ
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ȻҲͦƯ˶ԶԶܺƳȣٷͷӶٸġ
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ֻǴɫֲİôܽԼ
ثһٷͷӶʱ޼ɵĴЦ
ٷҲϴһЦﴨЦɫ죬ȴҲ˵һ仰ȥ㡣
㱾Ҳָһܹ˿ֻϣСܹƽƽ뿪뵽ԺСһ˹¿̲꣬סᡣ
Ƴκг֮󣬽ٷϴɨ˿һۣԼʵѸɾûУ
Ѹɾˣϴ󣡡ٷӦ
ٷͷӺٺЦܺãȻѸɾˣͰЩȫɱ⣡
ϴһ£ٷǷ׷¶̵飬ǹ׾Ҫɱڳˡ
˾ͳ˿ǶʱŵɫɷףɢԭΪЩٷ˴ٺͻŹǣû뵽ȻԵҪɱǵ
˶׽ٷΪʲôûסˣΪǸͲ±ܺ߼סֻ࣬Ҫɱܺ߾ûк󻼡
Ҫг˿Ϳ޺̿־
ʱ̣ͻȻڵȵȣ
Сӣ㻹ԣٷͷӿŮѣƽƽҲ֪ôϴŮġ




496¡ҽ
 

ɫƽĵв
˵ʲôٷͷû뵽Сͷվǲһ붼Ȳ
߳߱˵һܿͻ㲡
ô֪ģٷͷ仰ʱɫ䣬һ𾪡
һЦҽҽֻҪһۣ֪Դﳤ
ٷͷӵ˫Ŀ˼ĿųСᣬȻҽ
ƽʱֻں˵˵ȴǰŰɣΪİԴﳤ˵ˣ
ĴڣͺһͷϣʳѰ
ٷͷȥҽԺ飬ʲôҽ˵ѵڣ޷ҽΡ
֪ԼӵĽٷͷӣ䣬׼Ľٷˣ置֮󻹲бݶɱЩ޹ˣֵѾϰ
֮ԽԽٷͷҲԽԽ꣬Ȼ˺ܶǮƣʱܣΪ̰Ƶص
ζϣκ԰
ٷͷ֮ɫ΢΢һЦԴҲ޷ҽΡ
κңٷͷӼ˵ЩҪа취Ҿһ
ҵȻа취а˳ɵĳɹʡһҽ̬Ȼ
ٷͷӶʱ˷ܵýг˵ҪôΣ
ȡЯ룬̯
Щ룬ٷͷӶʱüͷҪĸβ
ûҪԴʩ룬г˵˵
ٷͷӣ£Լĳ˿ǣһʱȫˡ
Ļȷʵףôϸ΢룬ͿгԴǻ٢Ҳ԰쵽
ٷͷͻȻһȵСӣװβʵ뺦ɣ
һ룬ɱ㣬ԼҲᱻɱǻˡǳݵ˵
ٷͷӻǵһμͷ˵
ֻǳĻ˵еǰŰɡ
뵱Դгʵ̫
ڴʱվԱߵͻȻ˵ҿԸ֤ȷʵһλҽղڳκҺӵĶ񲡡
㺢ӷʲôٷͷӿ㣬ʵ
㱻һɣɫֵ̿˵Һӣ쾭ңʮҽԺҽβǳðСʱģͳ׽ˡ
ٷͷ۽һڹ۲仯û˵ѡ
Ȼܺ£˵УŶԳĸм
ҽٷͷӿĴʣһÿͣһ置帾Ӧòʱıƭ
ǺӴٷͷӶǿ
ǿӵקסСֱۣ˹
ٷͷ΢΢£һЦĿСʵ˵Ĳκãǲģ
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СµĵͷǴκҵĲĺ
ٷͷӵжϣСҲû˵ѣĶʱֹӿϲ֮飺ѵүһҽң
ǿҵ֮£ٷͷӲٶɣĶסСӣ̸гԽԽãҪĻӵǹԱɱ˿죡
˵ţеǹסС
ǹвΪ⣬ָס룬ƽ˵ҾͿʼʩˡ
ٷͷӰͷ΢΢£˴ͷŵʩ롣
ڴٷͷӿųԴ
ٷ˼ϴΪԼ԰ȻɽҰ룬һİʩչģ̫ˣ
ȻҪֹҲȫֻܵɴ۾Ŀųÿһ
ֻҪ춯ٷǾͻ̱
˿ȫܽŵĶųǻǲųܹƾ룬κýٷͷӵ԰
Ǵ˿ϣ񼣳֣κýٷͷӣ˵ٷͷһˣͰȫˡ
Ƴһ˫ֱֱĿųΨһһоǵΪٷͷβˣ϶мı
˵עĿ£룬ٷͷӵԴ
ϴ󣬸оôǿӵĵʵ
ԭܽżĽٷͷӣٺһЦСһ֣ʹͦġ
ܸоһֱͷʹѵһ̺ܵƣĥˡ
ȥͨͨСӣ棬ٷͷԽԽϲ˷ܣԼ԰ıκãСӾǰ޹ˡߵĳҽ




497¡
 

һʩչһ߿͸ۣ۲ٷͷӵ񾭡
ʵϣȷʵаκýٷͷӵ԰֮ǰ˵İ˳ɳɹʣǴ֮ԡ
ͨ챾£Ҳܸɱ˲գ۵Ľٷβ
ͨ͸ۣٷͷӵ񾭿һǲһ΢С˲Ļȡ
ļƻɹˣ
뱻ţڽٷͷӵԴԽԽֱȫĪС
ʩβ˿뽫ƳƳĽʯһΣὫȫ塣
ȫ쳣Ƴȴ΢΢һ֪ҪԽٷͷˡ
ֲ룬ٷͷͻȻֹЦݡ
ǿӸоϴıе㲻Ծ̿ʵϴû°ɣ
ҡû£ٷͷͻȻЦţǹӳСƿ
ѵκˣ
˼ٷͷӵԼͬð뷨
ûκõĻٷͷǲǹƿġ
Ȼһ̣ٷͷӰǹڶ׼ǿӡ
ϴҪǿӶʱʧɫϴľٶ
ٷͷûлش˫ĿͻȻĳ׹⣬ͬʱǹˣ
飡
ǿӦ£ԼؿڲѪѪĵɴ۾֮ǰţϴȻῪǹɱ
ٷͷͻĿǹ֮٣˶ûӦ
ʮٷˣҲһȫסˣȫϴľٶ
ѵǿ֮ǰϴϴ䲻Ľɱ
ͷڽٷǵԺһ
飡
ǹٶһνٷͷǹɱٷˣ
ӣٷȫֻž岻ѣϴͻȻˣ
˿Ƕû뵽ٷͷӻͻȻ裬˲ĸٷˡ
𾪹󣬳˿̸ֳһ뷨ǾϣٷͷӺЩٷ˻𲢣ɱ
ĻǾдĻˣ
ٷ֮Уٷͷֿ˼ǹǹ׼ٷУ̶ʱڽٷɱʣһ롣
ɱϴ󣡡֪ĸٷ˴һǹԽٷͷӽ
ԭǻҶϴɱ֣ԼҪϴɵˣﻹ˵ôࣿ
ʣµĽٷ˷׷׾ǹԽٷͷһͨ䣡
һʱӵɣǹŵó˿ȫͷ
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廹÷ǳǿӵֽŶ޷ӦȫӰ
ĽٷǺܿͱٷͷɱ˸⣬ǰʣһͷǾϴǸԳҽСаˣ
ٷͷɱ֮ԼҲ֧ŲסѪ֮УϢϾһ˲͸
г˿ͲſǰһĻǻеξȻʵˣ
ٷǻɱһû
һֻż̤Ȼã˿Ƕʱòѣϲ񣬷׷׺Լ˱һ
Ƴ򲻿˼Ŀʮ־ʵǲֶΣ
¡΢΢һЦûֱӻش
˵ƳҲŲµõ϶ʩչĳֶͨΣƽٷͷӣȫٷɱ
Ƴһα𺳡
Աߣ૵˵һ飬ǵ
ȣƳԣɵ΢΢죬ǳֶΣٸôȥˣ
ԣȴ񣬽置ļȽڣһ죬ȴ飬ӻ置ˣǵԸĽ͵СԼĺӽסԭҪĸٴžۣ˶ϲõˮ
ٺĳ˿ǣصĽٷʬ壬£֪ôźá
˾Ȼʶ㣬ҲûѪȳ棬عߵǰʵǸôźã
ٲȻΪ򶨵ˣ˾һʱ뵽ѯ
ѳ̥ãȥϴ壬ٱ붼ͻӦ
˾æͷ˿СѸٰѴͳ̥ˣȻг˿ϳ˾δ뿪
֮󣬾г˿ͱ˾ܿоٷʬ壬Ȼǰϴҳ˿¼ڹ
ƳȻ棬˿֪ٷͻȻɱ϶гĹͣ׷ʾлôýٷͷͻȻ衣
Ȼ˵סٷͷӵ񾭣֮ǰԣ˵飬˴ҵ
Ļ˿ֱˣеıˣ֪ǼȽڣǰϴεÿͣҲǳżȽġ
Ƚ置һϵĴͳգΪϹʱ貿ȣÿһ죬置ǳ֣Ҽһڣ档




498¡ž
 

置ڼȽһ죬浻ԸӦ顣
صÿҲ˵飬ѡһǰϴΡ
ۼ֤˽ٷͷͻȻ衢ǹɱԼȫµһĻǹٷУ飬ǻôͣ
ʱ˿ǶǰϴμӼȽڸΪڴˣǰĿ־֮ҲʧӰ١
ͳһ·ƽµĿĿĵأڳ⿴ȥǰԼԼһ䣬Ͷأ置еկȥɫŨĻϢ
ڴһվ̨ͣ˿½³Ƴ
ﴨСվ̨Ŀǣһģ
СߵǰЦʵŮϴεҿԸѵΡ
ϴΪΪգûʲô׬ǮӪĹѸѣֻܿһЩƶ񳣳εÿΣ׬СǮ
ǰˣ㲻ȡηѡ
С㣬ʵ˵ģʱĻϴιۿ϶㵱Ρ΢ЦӦ
΢΢죬ѵ߻ʲô
ҲҶʣֻϣԼܰﵽæ΢һֿڵҪʲôˣҶԴ˶ȽϤ԰ҡ
ллĺ⣬֪ôҡƳοڣ΢Цش
Լջûʲô˳ĵطΣֻ˵ʲôõҵĵطϴҰɣסǮš
õġǹЦ⣬ͷ
ŶС˵СŮ𡣡
磬Ů㣬ټСɵĶԳƳλ֡
Ƴ˶ȻһЦֻӦ
֮Ƴαסֱۣһȥ
վ̨ϵﴨСܿһĻǳɻ󣺡磬Ǻȥϴ尡
ߣһ˽ϴ壬߶ǻɽҰ룬ԭʼɭ֣ƶɣߣѰ·ҲʡȥԸǣ
˵öԣﴨС̷һ䣬漴ֵô죿С汻Сκˡ
κôѵСһֱûû𣿵ȽȽڹ󡭡ﴨ˵ţͻȻѹƺǳη棬ȹ˽Ҹʱ䣬ŪСһ첲ҾͲﲻң
ﴨСܶʱɴ۾æĴָ磬ư
ﴨһЦֺȥ
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ǰƳξ˵Ųûסڽϴס׹ɽһɽ¡
СŶԭʼɭ֣඾涾ߡƳα߱ѳ
΢΢һЦ֮ǰôһϴžģ
ΪҰƳ˵ţ¶ȡһۺɫ
ӹһ£зɻۻơǵζֻǺܵ˵ѾʧЧ˰ɣ
ǣҵģ˵ʹһ£һ캣п϶ֹһˡƳһСĲȹ֦Ҷһߴ
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㲻Ǻ벻ңҲͨƬԭʼɭ֡Ƴһ˫ӿȥ
ֻݸһЦȫƬԭʼɭֵΣգҲǰٶ֣߶棬Ҫǰ
һ·߹ȥ˵·֮⣬ûΣա
ܿ죬˾ʹԭʼɭ֣һʵɽ¡
̧ͷ಻ɽͣɽΰƣޱȵ׳ۡ
׹ɽ
ƳεͷЦɣ
ûͷŴСȻ˵
Ƴεʱϲ˳һۣͻ컬࣡
˵滰ЦĻӦ
Ƴ΢΢ףٿһƬϲתΪȻ
ҧűݣԼУٶһﶯˣǱģҲܶ߱Ҹ
֪СʲôֻΪƳǺߣɵøΪݸ
߳ԭʼɭֺƳεָ£׹ɽһɽȥ
Լ˰СʱһɽţһƬԴ֣¥ÿһ¥㽨ȫɼľ죬¥̽·ɣնء
¥Ƴεɫ˷ӿ˽Ųͳ¥ǰϲõĽеţƳλ




499¡̫
 

ƳεĽе¥Ŵ򿪣߳һλͷţȻͷˣ·Ҳ̵ģϼûʲôƣƤ𪣬ϡԿģ
˾ţżƳΣи־ϲ֮ɫĿڵƳΣôͻˡ
ΪҺţƳνŲϵ¥ſڣ˱š
Ƴοĵӣ΢΢һЦҲ
ŸղſžͼƳվһĳڼдһ˿ʵƳΣλǣ
ҵĺѡƳԥһ²Żش
ŶһȻóƳιϵǺô򵥣ֻǵҲϸʣƳ۵˵ƳΣλ캣УƽĹƶô
ţʵƽĹƶģƳе㲻˼Ŀ˳һۡ
Ϊ⣬ţû顣
Ĳ죬˵ƳҵĹƶҲǹʦ
ҲǡȻ˵һҽʱĽʯүֲŮѣȥæβһԵɺ֮£ƽĹƶ
ԵɺϣŰŰɣƳεȥȽ˵
˽£ɻأ뵽ƳβܴƳ˼Ҳ̫ܱƭˣԳûкܶɡ
ֻǳǳᣬҽƽĹƶǾһλСҽ
ϾĽʯԼһҽƽⲻĹƣ˵ҽĽʯҪࡣ
ѹ񼣬ƺ£ſ˵ƳΣȥûмĽʯϲģĹƶôˣ
ү˵⼸ʮϣܺϡƳκЦ˵ϣȥ캣күۡ
ߣĽʯң⼸ʮΪʲôһΣڻҪҹȥ캣Ŷһ۵ȴӹһ˿֮ɫ
ﰵǸϲôòƳСӣҿİɣ
ţʵ置үӲ֪Ƴν͵
Ŷʱûˣ֪ǻңҪȥ캣ƳΣλרŵ𣿡
ƳμҪͣʾһ£漴ڵţ置ү֪ҲģΪյϢϽ̵˼Ը
ô֪ģžʵ
֯ԣĵģƽүӵĹƶ֮󣬷ֱнϽ̹ʦʹ񻯹յϵĹƶǸĻ־ǽϽ̵ļڡ
񻯹ƣϽ̹ʦڣŸˣԭռС뺦Ľʯˣ
һ˲֮䣬ȫ˽Ͻ̵ıҪĲĽʯͬӵĹƶ
ΪźĽʯĹƶһԵģֻҪһֻȥһֻҲܶ
˵Ͻ̶ԸĽʯʧܺôԸңɫʵ
ԲںϰʮҲˣǹغƵİȫϹŴУΪػߣԴ
ȻݵĴ֮ǰֶͨץסڣͽϽͨϢ죬Ͻ̽ʷּڳ⣬ƻ˼ڵıƣڵ绰ԣѾƲԸ㣬ʲôƲߣҲ֪
ߣϼһҪ취õҵƣͳˣαصȵڡһ㵣Ǿ֮ɫûС
ԼҲùƸ֣置ƶɣΪϽ̽ʶʮּɵϹƣȴʼղҺͻ
ŵĻƳȴĵ˵ţ֪½Ͻ̣˵ϽйʦմѱʲôԸΪ˰ȫǻʱ뿪ɡ
ƳΣҲ뿪ģҾʣʲôУžǿ˵
ʮ־Ȼţ֪ʲĶ֣Ͻ˶ڣһ˻̫Σˣǻȥ캣УԸүҲ㣬ҼĻ϶¶ĽᣬǸ
ҪǸң֮Ҳȥ캣Уǲ˵ˡŰһᣬһ̵ģ
Ƴֻܰ̾һжִ֪Ҳ֪Ȱֻܰһ˫ˮ




500¡Ƚ
 

֪һʱƬҲı䲻ŵ⣬ת˵ţ㲻סɣ
סշӶúܡν˵
ȻϲҲڸϳˡ
ǺƳ¥ʰһɾķ䣬֮ߣջ
ŵĳܼªϰˣֻû뵽ƳĶǧС㣬ɣȻ⡣
֮ǰһ꣬ѧЩ
ųƳڳæµΪ˵ŷˣ˰æԼѵһء
һ򵥵ķ˺Χľų˼ڷˣ㿪˵ĳջѵû˵ġ
ţ֪ڵĴУŮ˻˲ѵáЦЦ˵
Ƴ˳һۣС㲻ͻţɡ
۽ǴЦļһ鶹Ž漴΢ЦƳΣգŶһˣԽԽˡ
ллſ佱ƳСĿһ³ȥ캣֮һֱû³³ˣڿӾ
ŵƳΣЦ˵ҲһƳεĳա
ǵһγƳķˣڣỬСӵĳչȻܲ
ôƳһ˫ˮ۾ڴ֮ɫʵ
ҡͷԵĵòϧҵĶ֡
˵֮еĿȥ
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һ߰ѿӵסĶһ߽Ȼ㿴ҵĳգǾͱҵĶ
Ҿͳ㶹ôˣЦģ΢ͰƳεĿӣһڰѶ̽Уһζı顣
Ƴο飬̲ס봷һȭ
żŮڲ϶Ц֣һ˵Ļ̾ڵԽԽˣ뵱ԼĽʯҲûôġ
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극ɫ
Ѿʮһ£ҹ֮置ƶʡҪöࡣ
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ţߵ۵ĻҿԱ㡣ǹЦ
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룬˵Ҳǣ置شҲһŮǿˡ
ʰ󣬳ƳΡһͬϴ巽ȥ
ҹִһˣߵûʱ죬Լʮӣ˲ŵϴڡ
û壬Ѿ֣ƻͨ
Ľϴ壬ΪȽڵԭʣÿͱƽʱҪ಻٣ҲƽʱҪֺܶࡣ
߽󣬳һկ￴ȥҼһڼ档
֮ϴģۼÿͣڴĴ롣
һţ֪ÿ˼ҸԼ֮󣬾ͻ峤Ĵ£ȫļϣȻżʦһм롣
ˣǸ軷ڡ
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ʱƳμڻδʼԳ˵Ҹط·ɣʶ㣬ȥﻻ
ãǾȥͷ˵
Ҳû˱ϴǮȥ
֮ǰ˵סǮš
˵ص㣬ŷĵ¥ΧһԭĸǺס




501¡
 

ȥһʣһ置򸾸֪λá
Ƴκ¥ֻС񣬸պǵʱˡ
ôˣʮ־ϲСҲܿĵĺͳк
΢Ц˵ǣƳﻻ·
õģû⣡ָһ䣬Ƴεл֮󣬱ȥ滻¡
һļңȻǳƶͬʱ˼ҳ˶Ĳ̣ڵûֻ
УôˣͻȻʣЩ档
ʵûпͨУ
ҲСʵֱת˵ģ־Сȥ˰ǮЯȫ
ͷǾͺãתЩǮðɡ
ôУѾҺСҶ֪αô˼ҪǮأæؾ
һΪ棬ô置ĸӵ
ϴ߶˺ĸӲʶҲ֪ʲôԵɡ
΢΢һЦСӦѧɣһ˹ף͵ȽһǮСѧȥˣٻңˡ
⡭ʱеĶˣΪȷʵСѧֻܶбҵ
СǸܿĺӣҲԼҵĺжûöֻһӴڽϴûгͷ֮ա
뵽ҪǮĻǺܲΣֻסĶ
״תС˵Сһ֧ʺһֽ
õģ硣СɵĴߵԼǰͳֽʣ
ֽŷϣˢˢˢдһݣǶʮ顣
ںǮʸ׽ʮڣոһǧ֧Ʊ˵Ǯû
ΪǮͱɴĵĺˣҲǴƼңνȼʮСѧѾ´ˡ
дˣ϶ܣ˶ʮ飬ǸܺĽ
дݣΪʮ飬ʱ޴ĵ㲻ܽô࣡
㣬ǩɡº͵ЦΪٸɣƺˡ
ʱҲԱȰ˼Ը㣬˹ˣǼȽڣҪܾĻȴҲ᲻˵ġ
ŵĻƺǳЧ֮΢΢һ
Ϊղž浻ϣԼĺƽƽܶѧͷء
Ȼ󣬳·ӦˣһԸʮ顣
ʱ˿̣ǼϲΡ
ΪĲ֪ԼαǺá
置Ů飬Ŷʮ꣬ӾʮˣɷЩ׷ÿҲдģ㶼ûдӦ
֪Լò˺ҲһƶϴΨһʱ置Ů󵨣һ¾뵽Գı𷽷Ǿ
ǳѾһλŮѣɫԶԶȲϣĺܾᡣ
ȻԥСɫ˵裬ʮ򲻶ֻ࣬ҪܴѧҵܿͿ׬ʮ򻹸硣
С˵úãڵʱʮʵʲô㲻ѹ̫СԿ׬СԴЦ
ӿ¶ģǩ½ݣ֮ת˶ʮ
ʱƳλ·ˣһĻǳ档
һ£ƳβŻȻ
֮Ҳ˳С飬ĶԳĿ࿴Ľʯ置شҲĵĸؾβһġ
Լŵ£֮Уο˵ܹȼүӸϵϣ֮
ǩ֮һٶԳʾлĸͳƳΡһϴģ׼μӼļ롣
ʱȫ˺ȫÿͣԻڴģ置ŮÿеŮԣ£װηɫͷף涷ޡ
Ȼ⵱ƳΪÿˣԣ޲Ķ
Ƴվһ𣬸ǿԽ޼ɵģɫ´ɫȹͷŹµΣ˿ڸƳΡ
ҴĺòÿƳﺬϲʵ
ÿÿˡĵĿ޵
Ƴϲ֮ɫȻһЦҪҲȥһϰɣǴһ衣
Ҳ置赸ڨЦ˵




502¡ŵﴨ
 

Ƴ¶СıСʲô置赸Ŷҽˡ
ðɡ置赸ҲȤŮʢȴɨ˴һȦ˵ȥǱһʽ
˵꣬첽һķװꡣ
ҷװ֣ÿʱڵҶܴ׬һʡ
ѡһ׼ԼʽǮٴƳȥ
·ϵʱͻȻоһƵĿ
תͷȥǽڴϵǸﴨСܡ
ֻﴨСֺܱ俴˳һۣתʧС
Ⱥ׼μӼﴨǰﴨߵ磬㺢ӵСӣھڴģ
ߣСӾȻҽϴ壡ﴨ֮ɫҲ͵ʹȥСŪˣ
ǽϴ壬ȫۼﴨǼĴүһк߰˸ֵվƽʱڴЩСܣʮˡ
ﴨڵĴŴλȥ
һĻ̾ͱĵע⵽ÿǷ׷׿˹ȥҴүһȺˣԾ˭٣
ﴨİԵڴǳģ߹֮Ƿ׷η˿óһƬռ䡣
ܿ죬ﴨʮߵǰſھСӣڳӣڻҽϴ壬Ҫÿ
˼ҴٵˣһÿͣʱͶȥĿ⡣
置ӣԶͨҪö࣬ο͵ϴүҪùˡ
ﴨŭƳΡҲ˹
ﴨԳ֣ﴨôһվΪ˵
ﴨƽʱȻάһСӣȻιĶӣҲϴ˭ĵ̣ԽԽЦһ㣬źСʶ죬͹ǲǣð㲻ҪҰˣҶȥɷ
㱻ﴨڮ٣Ƥʱͨ죬ûȴ֪Ӧ
ﴨĻ׷ʮ궼ûٻ飬ҲĴÿͣôͻȻһСĶأ
ﴨͷŸɾ㣬һ㸶Ĵۣľ
ﴨʱӿĿŭӳСӣӻûأֵǣϣСӴֽţӳȥ
ʮ置꣬ʱΧסҪ֡
ﴨǼȽڣ㲻ܴˣ㽹Ľе
ÿȽ٣置ÿؾ񣬶ͺܡ
֮ǰҲ置Ľգ˲ûгֽѵﴨ
Ȼ仰Դ˿̱ŭͷԵﴨһöûУĭɵĽȽôˣӽѵһСӣ治ҵģ
ΥȽڵĹ涨϶ή³ͷ¸ҵĶﴨȴ֮ġ
Ļͬڼ뼴ʼ˶ֵĻǾǶĲ
м¸صߵﴨǰƵȰҪ嶯
ﴨһǵĻ߷磬ӱ꣬ͷϣ˭ĻҲȥ
峤ƹ˵飬ϣȰȰӡ
ƹӷǳ磬ڽϴƼǵĻҲãֻĵҪ򣡡
˼Ҷ÷ݶӶԳˡ
ϴ峤˵û˸վȰﴨ
ﴨһĵߺȰԳеߣǵȥ
Ĳ飬³ͷ𣿡ԾɺϾվţûﴨһ˿
ﴨٺЦ飬ҲǱӻ置ˣôܱӻһˣϻˣȥڣ
ȷǹһȡ
һ䣬ȺͻȻ궯
ܶͻȻӦʲô׷Ǳ߿ȥ
ֻϹһɷͷ۵ţף˫ᣬȥЩˡ
ǰЩųĻͻȻ޷Թǵü죬һ˲һ𣬷·ٿһ㡣
ȡˣ֪ĸȽг漴нϴĴʮ¡
Ϊ֮ǣ϶飬Ǵ˿һη֮ɫߵݵ档
Ƴο⸱ȴܺĿǹ϶һ͵͵ʩչʲôֶͨ




503¡
 

֮ȻڣȷʵǳֶΡ
תΪԣʩչ֮Уȼգ˱˼֮һܵһĻ
Դ񾡽Ϊ飬ﴨ˿ҲеˣѵΪҪԳ֣ŭˣ
ǧڼȽһµ置ˣȫܵĳͷ
ֻǽʮ꣬û˸ٷ䣬ǽҲЩ潵ͨͷ置ˡ
ﴨģĶľηҲѵȥŸڼȽһҳ鷳
ǰҫۣ֮⣬ﴨĵִ
ڽе֧ҽѵСӣֵǶǾǰСɱˣ棡
ﴨȻ뵱ɱ˳˵ʱɫ䣬ԺȻѵҴүڼȽɱˣ
һ㡣ƹüͷǳ
ǰһЩ˵ң⽨Ұļ֣ȥ԰ӵϡ
ԣƹ󲢲ɱˣֻڼȽɱˣһζ
Ҳ׷ȰﴨǧҪ
ﴨȻ˵ǶڹϵȽڱл˼һС淢ŭҰ׼棬кβɣ
⡭˶ʱȻ˵ڳÿͣǴˣû˵˵
ﴨиֲ֮ɫСҪԳ֣ʵʩҰ̣ף
ǰ͸ɹ£൹ùòףҲֻܶΪʧٰ
ۼﴨҪɱˣ˾Ծŵˡ
Ϊֹһﴨɱ˵ĶУ֪ﴨĸҶԳ֣
Ӱ㾪ֽĽг
ЦӣΪʲôҪӣ㣬Ҫˣúÿţ
ﴨڳˣ׳Ϊʲôףô򶨡
ǹʹƵģٶȥ
ֻǰһͻȻмһĻߣٶȼﴨ
һĻ𺳡ÿ˵飡
棬ˣ
ﴨһ˲䣬ŵûɢҽһæȥ
Ȼܵٿ죬Ҳ첻ߵٶȣ
һߴܵﴨϣ˲佫ȫȼ˶˻ˣ
һﴨʹòҽУ޲ëȻ
ƹӼô󺰣죡ˮ𣡡
æһˮﴨȥȻЮĻ棬ôܹõ
֮ǰеֻǽһ򱬷γһߣﴨȫܻ٣
ټȻҵɱȻҲĴ
ĿﴨëȻʵ̫ˣ
ﴨϵĻϨʱѾճɺֱֱ̿ȥΪһ顣
ƹɴ۾ˡ֮ɫи֣һҽУ˵һغɫǰ״ɵ
лعٴ£ϿͷϢŭϢŭ
˶Ϊﴨܻٿ϶潵Ͽ̷û˻뵽ǳֶΡ
Ƴζ޷󣬳ܹʩչַ֮ﴨϡ
˿̣ȫսս̷Ҳճɺ̿
ƹһʹ֮ľη֮ɫΪ֮ȱˣǶĲ
ʦ뿪ʼ񣡡ƹҧе
ǣУûһ˸£ǸǲٶԸͷʱ˶ʮϡηļ
ﴨ壬һʰȥˡ
ﴨ֮ʵϴǷڰҡ
ΪƽʱŰԵڴа裬񶼱۸
ر㣬ϵĴʯͷ£ʱޱȵ¡
Ѿ飬ˮ֮С
ͺһȫ֪ǳ֡
֮˲ٲμӽ置ĿȻ뿪
ӽԺڽϴһһУܶࡣ
ﴨǴ̫ÿ˶оԼͷϣעţΪ
˵ȥڴĵĴÿǣе·Ҳһߣջ˺ܶࡣ
Ľϴ񣬺ܿͽղŵ֮Ժ󣬿ʼ֯置Ŀ
ҹһ𱻵ȼϴŮŶ£Χ𳪸衣
оͨĴһ԰ࡣ
պܿ챻ʮɻ졣




504¡Ƴν
 

صÿͷ׷׻£赸Ľϴ
ҲɣƳ˵ģʮ˷ܡ
ҲŤֱӰϣƳεС߽С
֣̤Ž࣬Ƴοʼ̳置赸
ֻĲŲӣƳȵˣֻ置ŮҪŵÿˣҡҷˣһֻĲʵŤţ
汿Ƴһ߿ĵ裬һס֣Ҳһ
ƳΣͳĶ˲ΪȫĽ㣬˶һʮְˡ
Ȼкͨﴨ󣬴ҶܱӻԷͬһ㡣
ԿʮĽĽôƯŮѣĽƳܺͳ衣
һѸѾܶû˲μ置ڣĹҲį
裬ѧ죡Сƣǹʡ
زѾκãһʶʮԪ˿̱ȴκκӶҪġ
еʧĻӦǰ
ϧѾŮˡСƺо쳣ɵҲеʧ䡣
һ죬СԴЦ˵СģҪˡ
Сͷ˵ųʢֵĸݡ
置ĺӷǳ죬СҲ⣬Ů֮ѾЩ˽⣬ԴĦ⣬ǼǸĽ㣬ŴҲǳ˰⣬ֻýԼС˼
ԱߣſųƳζ裬п֣˼ɡ
ʮǰĽʯҲڴ˾£置ﰮ⣬置˶ص󰮶鷽ʽ
置Ůһҹ󵨵ķϵڶͿȢˡ
ųиŮŴ˿ûɵǸԩѳõķ캣зȥ
ĿԽԽӣ۳ޱȼᶨƺĳľġ
ƳεĴ£ĿʼӦ置赸Ľ࣬ԽԽȻƳҲԽԽϲһò
֮Уһ̤貽һעƳϾ
ƺΪҫƺΪ˷ܣƳһԣˣó鶯ѣ߸ĶߣɤͳĵƳΣ
ƳǼϲޣ΢΢ףȥҧ˾Өĺ촽ʮָӡ
һ뵽㣬ΣԼôһ裬置жص壬֪䣬ԼֶԲˡ
һƳαͣ˵ˣϢһ°ɡ
ͷ߳Уصźߡ
磬Ů㣬áС޵
Ҳ΢Ц˵ǰÿͣ置赸ǽϴ屾˻ء
лл佱㣬ôȥЦʵ
ԣʱеΡ
Ƴһ³ĸ첲費ǿģҪҵа顭
ʱȻҲŷֳȫŮ裬ûжģǸȻ㣬˼Ҳ֪㲻
ûϵЦҡҡͷ
Ƴ³ʱ򣬳еĸҲβŮ˫ɶԵǣ֣׷ɢȥ
ˣʵƳΣôߣ
ҲŲ㡣ƳκȻɬ
Ҳе졣
ʱӺˣֻһͨ⣬ôȴˡ
ʱһԵŲΪĵƳΣʲô˵ģȥҰ
ţʲôҰ̵
ſһҰ置е̸˵ʽҰȺкܶԼ᳡ЩΪҰСӴİĹﵽҰ󣬾ͻᳪ置޸СԳӦڶͿԳɻˡ
ʱƳεøˣ㵹ãΪˡ
ţүӣҲһģȤʵ
һڵϲƭңߣǸûĵġ
ó仰Թǳء
ð죬置ŮҰ֮նΪޣͷϣҽϴʼΪ㣬ǻĸУҸĵط
ŵĻ֪϶ûͶԷߵһ˲Ÿе졣
ʱŮѾɢˣֻʣ³Ƴ
㻹ŸʲôƳȥҰͻȻ˵˵




505¡Ұ
 

ŵĻƳδ֮£һ˿ңŵĵţ˵ʲôҺͳֻǵѡ
ͳȻμ˽ĸ裬Ǿ͵ף置ϰףȥҰԼᣬճ벻ɣԼ顣ź˵һҲЦӡ
Ƴԣǿɬ˳һۣæҡҡԼСԴ
ҪǽͳȥҰԼᣬ߶ƲסĻĶԲˡ
֪Ƴβ置عɬȥҲǺģһ۳ƳκߣҲһߣ㲻ϲ
ǣţҡ˿ҲЩΣЦЦҵƳε
ظƨСӣȵĽʯСˣ˼Ըһ裬ѵ⻹̹𣿡Ųѵ
Ϊ置ŮӣСԸͺֱˬŤŤӡ
ĶʱЦãֻסƳεһۣȥ
˾ٶŲĵͷ
򿴵ðĽŮ˰
ҪȥҰҰƳαţǽɬ΢΢Ӳ
ЦˣǾӸ
ǾߵӱԵˡƳ˵
΢Ц˵ͷһͬȥ
ûߵӱԵͿԿԶȺһԶŮӰӵһڳ置裬˵黰Ľǡ
ЩӳƳУʱ࣬סֿʼȫӿȥ
ܵƳ¶ȵı仯ҲʼСʵ̫ˣ̫ˡ
Ǿ͡ߵɡƳ˵оԼϷ̵
ڻȥſ϶֪װġɫȻĵʵҲڰѹеĻ棬վһ£ٻȥɡ
Ƴ˵úеҲٷ
ֻǶ߲ϴ置Ů˵衢黰һŷС¹ײ˼ţҪǳҲ˵黰裬᲻ƲסԼݡ
ƳΣôŸЦЦʵ
ûаƳЩҵ˵漴ѳ֣Ժһֻеˡ
ȷʵú˷ܣ赸ڣȫû⡣
ƳԲԵӣݸһ⡣
ʲô⣬ʰɣƳ˵ţĵ΢΢һ
Цһ置赸ֻǵ𣿡
Ȼ֪Һϲ裬赸ҪŮСƳξάȻ˵
˵һ֪置һ꣬Ӧ֪һ裬ζʲôɣ
ҡҵȻֻ֪赸Ķζ置Ƕÿͣø置ϰסƳǿ򶨵Ľֻͣȴ޷ε顣
ͻȻһƳֻ幫ֵľ룬ǹһȵôҰвÿأ
ʲôƳλ֮£ȺȥȻһЩʲͬ置˵Ůӵһ
Ȼ贩»ûҲжϵóЩŮÿ͡
Ƴβ֪Ӧʱ̣ͻȻ֣һס޹ǵ֫ɤͳĵƳΣӱʲô
Ȼ䱻סƳθоԼ·ڻһ㣬ڵֿסˣѳûС
Ӧ˵ûѳԸǿһ̵ĵѾáá
ҲܡƳӣĵ
ʲôܺ棬ӵ⣬Ҳ׽͸
Ƴһ˲䣬ϺͱĶԻԺȫǱӰͻȻ֪ƿ˳ɫʹĵϲ㣬Ҳܺһ𡣡
Ϊʲôأ׷ʵ
Ƴתӣ˫ֱסԼ˫ۣ΢΢ҧűݵӦúͱһҲܶԲ㡣
ԣʱЦԭˡ
ֲƳһ·һֱģԭΪᰡ
ƳΣˣǻȥɡɫƽ˵
йĳЩ󵨷񡢳Խ׵뷨ȣҪϲԼŮӣŮӵ;
Ƴ仰ķе޴ʧ䣬յ˵ͷͳ߻ؽϴġ
˵ı飬ԤеŵҡҡͷڵˣԽԽˡ
ʱСѾȻؼˣֻһţ˵ţǻȥסĵطɡ




506¡ŵҪ
 

áŴӦһ˱㷵׹ɽ£ŵľ
֮һ±ʣƳΣҪã
Ƴûش𣬶ǿ
ţǻϣܹһ뿪Ͻ̲֪ʲôʱԸ㣬ԽԽáɫ
Ϊ仰˵ڣŻܾ̾ǳƳϵǣ˳ĬƺĿǡ
ѵŶ̶ʱڣıˣ
΢΢䵭ĵҪҸȥ캣ҲҲԣǳҪһ顣
ʲô£˵ʵ
ƺиı뷨ĿܣƳζΪڴŵҪɵĻͺðˡ
ɫ֣ϽҪԸңʵΪ˵õƣΪػߣҪƵİȫֻҪһûȥҲ뿪置һƺϹ̫ԶĻͻᷢ޷ԤϵĴѡ
˵ô࣬ʵ˵Ϲ置ʮɽ֮У㲻ܺƷĻҪôȥ캣У
Ҫɵ顣˵ţ濴ų֪㲻ҽô򵥣ץסϽ̸߼ʦڣֲһƣϹš
һƳξԲ죬û뵽ŵҪȻ顣
ţ置ɽǧ֪Ϲŵľλ𣿡еʡ
΢΢һЦİɣƻָǣҲյƴҵϢΪ̫ѾʺػˣҪϹţٸϹŵָʾѰµػߡ
ԭˡ˵ͷֵƾ𣿡
û˵ţ΢һһֻɢŵĹƳ棬ɳ
֮ǰѾ͸۹۲ϼľ¥ʮָֻĹƳ棬ûִ˵еơ
ԭƾͺߣиеʮ־棬ֻ置ʮƳ֮ϵƣȻ棬͸۶
ƳҲͳһƿȥֻƲƳª졢ɢаϢúܿɰһװֵС򣬱ȴĴָ΢һ㣬һ˫峺Ĵ۾·ͨԡ
Ƴûг򣬲֪ƯڿУóƳξø档
ţû뵽ƳôɰƳͯĴ𣬾ȥһơ
ֻƺһֶ㵽űȥˣֻµɢ
΢΢ֻСƳ棬ǿϹŵԿף˭ܿó
ÿɰ置ֹƳ涼ҪżƶҲٻת˵ֻҪӦһƻȥ̺ȥ캣С
û⣬ţ֪ȥϹţҪʱ䣿̹·⡣
置ʮɽϴƬƬԭʼɭ֣ϹŲصüԶĻԼһǰνƳκŮ֧
ŵ˵ƴҵϢϹž׹ɽǵᳬһʱ䡣
ڻɽҰһ죬̫ˡԼĵǡ
ƳЦĵڣҺôۣʱͺ
أҿɲ뱳㡣ƳҽԺϣһ˯һҹȷʵܳأ̲סЦ
ƳζʱצĵȻ˵ұأҪ㣡
ŮľǱ˵غ䣬ɣĻƳһ١
ֻüм˼£ȻƳηȭҴ
ȿȣ˯ˣǲҪ̫Ÿɿ߽Լķ䡣
Ƴ仰ɺ죬ջֻСͷķȭûĵȷŹ㣬ˣһҪң
úúãұˡЦ˵ȥ˯ɣҷѵң
Ƴνһ䣬Լڵ¥ȥ
ϸѩ׵ıӰһԳ󣬲Լķȥ
Ҫɴ˯£ֻͻȻһԭǡԺ΢š
ֻдţ˧磬˯𣿡
˯ˣʲô£ֻظȥ
Ժܿع˯ţܲ죿
ǻʲôĵģ컹ҪɿأٵĻظ
ҪŻƻϹţʱҪŮˣȷʵǿ




507¡ҹɧ
 

˧磬Ҫʲô𣿡ԺĵĻ
ɵϣֵֻ࣬һΣգҪȥһرΣյпȥ޻ء
ʲôôΣգ
ǻ񣬲ܸ㡣
ԺεĻظðɣСĵ㡣
ţûʲôҪ˵Ҿ˯ˡ֣ҪرֻĻ
ԺٷϢ˧磬㻹û˵ʲôأ
˵
ҵϹӺҽ鿪ʼûס鷿һ죬ÿϣҶһ˯ĺù¶
ǹ𣬴ȥһǺǡִֵ㲻ǹ¶ǿį˵ĶԲԣ
˵öԣҲûʲô˵˧˰סýĻҿԷȾơ
Цƭ·ˣĴ˸ȥס㵺
ôɣҲ㵺ˣһߣԺƺǳ˷ƵģϹ㵺ģҴƶʡʡ޹˧磬㵺ﰡ
û뵽ԼѡһУȻǶԷסĵطֻƭӲס㵺ֻ·
룬صҺ㲻죬͸¶
˧磬ѾһŮӣѵ㻹ź㣿򵯳ϢԺʧӡ
ͻȻ뵽һƣֵ㷢һ㵺
ƭӾҲܾͨȫطԣܸ¶˰ɣ
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ǳĺֻͿԷһλįļƷٸ
ǣôףƭνļįٸأ
ڱǳ࣬һ㵺ı֣Ҳȫϡ档
ƶʡˣƶʡٻ㵺ǳӽҲ㵺һȥ㵺ұ׼ڱѾô𣿡
˧磬㻹ǲҡΡԺûзǴ֣мԹֻк棬ŲΪƭӣǳɣȥԷ͡
ס캣㵺ܽвͬѧչȥ㵺棬ͬѧ˵㵺ǳȻҲǳ
Լҳ㲻ƭӣҲǳɣôܸһŮԼ᣿ԴǵĴֵ
仰ƺɱǳʮ󣬡ԺŻظҺϹĻֻҵҲҲңʵʵķޣȻҪΪҳ졢ǼŮҲãҿˣܹˣҸ鲻Ŀ֣鲻Ů˵Ŀ֣
һʡԺţţƭǲϷ̫ˣ
ԺֻܿعϢ˧磬Ҿ͵ԶٷӦӦһˬĴ𰸰ɣ
ڲ㵺Զǧ֮ǭʡԷɴĻؾ
ԺĻظǭʡôԶĵط˧磬㲻ڸҿЦɣ
֮ǰѾ˵ҪִһǳΣյ񣬾ǭʡˣ˵Ҫ˯ˡֱӹرֻĻҲܶԷûٻظ
Ժһ䣺עⰲȫ֮㲻ٷϢ
ڳƳκȫ˯Уھžʮ֮ĳСկмʮ¥ȻҹȻƻͨһɹصϢ
կǰȺڶš
һ£иֹƳﻷƣƺǶߵľ档
һһȺװĵˣжʮǹʵ׳С
һ˽𷢱ۣһ߸ϵ̬ĿڵֻҪǰٶԸ⽻ƳķҿԳһֽΪл
ˣǳڳվԼ置֮󣬾̽ãҵһƶɣٶš
Լһ䣬Աߵһʡҽʦ˸ƣҽʦᣬһ䣬һԪ󳮣ŷš
ٶŵĹʦǼôֽ𣬾˫Ŀ⣬ⱲӶûôǮ
Źɭϣ置ʦǳ񣬷ٳȥ߶׬Ǯ·ǳ٣ǺܴЩֽġ
ٶŵԪһλʮӣȴ˵ǲܰڴĹ̸Щӣ߰ɣ
Ԫ벻Ҫսҵģһ򽻻ҵĹӶǾҪˡԼвЦ




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ȻЩͻȻ֡置ӣԷǿһԼ˹ʦض
ִᣬԸѧϰ置ѾԽԽ٣ԪһֻʣʮˣЩӶսĻԪаƾԼֻƳѶԷȫ𣬵ٶҲܾܿһϵ
ȻԲڡԲ飬һ˼֮˵һ̫ˣǵĳⲻ
ǾͶһܹ򣬻ǰٶŵĹԼϵԪּۻۡ
ֻҪԪӦʱѰٶŵĹѧ֣ƾԼĹӶûɡ
Ҫ֪置дССʮƶɣȥÿɣó򽻻Լǿװǵ⡣
ԼָʾԱߵʡҽʦװһӽԪϡ
Լ˵һǶҪѧϰȫŻύһ򡣡
ãҿɲ֤ܹȫѧûᡣԪȻǮﻹǺܲ
ٶе㲻ѹڳȥͰٶһֱŹȫ㣡
ԪѾԼݹЭǩ֣Ҳ˵ʲô
ߴЭԼʡҽʦйӶǣֱڰٶŵկյ¶ӪϢǿɲڵ¥˯ԷٶùһùӶҹ
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ڶϣʱƳվڴǰһ˫ֱֱĶ۽ǹЦ⣬ĵ棬
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ֻƳƺһ·ģǴɳȻ󷢳Źֵ
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棬רĹʦͷӦǣˡ
ӣǽϽ̽ʣԽģѹʦǵĹĸר
ͨƶŵļӣԭҪԸŵļƻҲ֮ƣνƻϲϱ仯һʱţԷ置Ԥϵľٶ
ڽϽ߼ʱ򣬰֮һկУһڴԼԪҲƵ
ͽϽ̽һڰмŵĶ
ŴƵϢԪʲͬ뷨ǾǸţҪʲô
ֻǺʲͬǣԪԼסҪ̶ȴҪȹԼһء
תԪͻȻ˵ԼҽʵǰٶŵĹǳǳ置Уһλʦϡ
λʦԼȤʵ
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ԼԪ˵֣أȴ᲻ٶĻѻҪû̴Ӧ
ԼĹӶѣʱɱǣҲ뱻ţԾԲаƭֻѾ׷ȥĻƶɵõϹŵԿƣʱýǮǽҲԲύĹСԪʱǳ֪꣬Ǳ߿϶Ѿȥ׷ˡ




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Լ˼˵ǾʹǰٶŵľӢʦǲܳʮ
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ܿ죬ԼŹӶԪŸٶžӢʦװͳˡ
ϽȶԵһŵľȻĸ͹Ƴ棬ųǵ·һ·׷ȥ
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Ƴκ׹ɽȥƬƬԭʼɭ֣ʱ򻹾Ƶɽȡ
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СʱʶŹҲ𺳣ԼԶԶ͹ˡ
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Լҽƻúܣ˵Ǳѻƭ˵ģùӶһϡԪ顣
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ҪǹԳʱͻȻ֮䣬ɽ֮ڿţһ˶Ӱܳ




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һ״ȻҲ룬͵һĿ־£һף

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ȻڵУٶȱ֮ǰҪһӶǰӴޱȵһɨʮӶһа˱ɨɳȥˤľϣѪ粻ֹ




513¡Ϲţˣ
 

˿͵ĹƣߵԼʱŵøεѣȥ
ʣµĹӶֲֳǹһɨ䣬ȴԾɲʲôΣա
̶̼֮ڣͱߺֱײʰɾˤڵϲҲһϢ
ӣԪۼ̼߾ͽȫװĹӶﻹҹҪٴδ¹ʦ롣
Ҳ׼ƳɲҪػϹŵ£Ƴε˵ϹҪöࡣ
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ͻȻ֮䣬μٴڶٶȲ֪֮ǰ˶ٱһ϶ľֱڶȥ
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ھϹŴȥʱʺԪҲ󣬴¹ʦűȥ
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˵ʲôߣôеĹʦ˿壡
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Ƴ˵ٿʱֻϹŵŷ֮УɳһССĹ㡣
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ˣʺԪ۰ͰͿŰеƣϣܹٵԼϣѡС
ɻΪʲô̶̲Сʱƾͳѡµػߣȫͬ
ھ׼ƶδԾʱ򣬰еĹͻȻķɶԽ˵ͷɽȥ
ʺԪʱ־ּѵѡػߣɽ֮У置ĳ䣡
ǰѡҲзɳ׹ɽԽŵľ




514¡ػ
 

ʺԪΪػʵǿĹʦǻܴһʱʧ
ߺɽڵˣȫƷɳɽȡ
ţƲûšʺԪ置ĳȥֱֱķ
һ̣˾¶ŵĿ⣬ѵѡеģȻǳ
šʺԪ֪ǹʦֻǶԹƶ˽ѣǧδѡǹʦΪػߡ
ȻֱӷɵǰǲҲţһ˲䣬˶𾪷ǳ
ҲΪƵĵƬ̣漴Ǿ棬ֻΪϹŵԿףҪѡΪػߣ
һԵƳΣвԶſڵϵԼŵĿһĻ
˵ע֮£ƻķؿڣƺҪڡ
ôǳ૶ʵ̫˼ˡ
عѵǰͻȻ˺תס
ЦɲԵ޹ʣΪϹŵԿػߡ
ΪһҪ置һɱ֮⵱ȻǳıԸһǧһԸ⣡
ƼܾٶȷɹϵĹâԽԽʢ̵ԱߵƳζ۾
ĻƵ࿹⣬÷Բڹâϱ¶ȲһһƳ棬Ƕ
šʡԪϽ̻аٶŵĹʦǣȫˡ
ǴӳΪʦʼͶΪػߣȻϹţ״УΪ׵ߡ
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ƿ⣬ܹתĳԾߣѾмܣڣԸٶһײڿԻһ
ƵٶһҲȳĸڳߣƺûҪóΪػߵͷ
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˵ҲΪػߣɫһûֻϹŹƳˡ




515¡һն
 

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ȡľСһ˲䣬ƺʮֻϲƵģľСȥ
ô𣿡üͷ𣬲ֻ֪ʲôͼ
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ţԭע׹ľСĹâȻøҫˣƵӳ֣
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նһ֮ƣϯȫɫһ֡
Ƴæܹסĵʵô
һãأһ뿪ɣе˵
ȷʵļΪľСʱ򣬾ȻȡڵĴΪ⽣˲ľ޴




516¡ٹƴ
 

ƳɽڿȥֻѾܹ
ѡгѡгľСΪػߣžֻҪƲʻԪоͺã֮Ǿ뿪
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УѾڼޱԵ㻹ʩչĹ⽣Ҳ¹ʦȥֵĳ
ʺԪƵ̰ѾѹһУۼҪ뿪˴һӣµĹʦǶԳ
ڹӶѾȫɱǰػûƵӳ֣Ҳͺ置ƶɵһһ˾ѹơ
ȻϣԪţԼ֮
ԪҲɵʴ˼ʮϽ̾ӢʦԼֻʮʵȫȣֻǴ¹ʦں棬ýϽ̵ĹʦȶԳ֡
ʱѾܵߣƳ˾Ҫ뿪ѾɹһȺƳ棬ֻ
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һˣȻԺѹ룬źƳˣȴܲƳ棬òתС
ʣԪھ֮Σɱ˳ҲѡػߣżƴΪʺԪ
ʺٺЦӦţҵòƣҲʦǵСӵõֻҪɱСӣƻعϹţȻɱԪʱ置ʦΪٴγ֣ضѡΪػߣ
񿴰׳һʣȻҡҡͷϽ̫̽ˣƲһѡǿʦػߣҲѡˡ
ԶԶںԪʳҪɱʱɫ粻Լû˹
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置ʮƶ֮һʮֻϹ˲䱻ɫ˿̴һĹֽУȻը
ʿľ²ѣҪǴԼϣԼǱ÷ǣ
׼һնʶԳľͼɵˣһҪɱСӣԼ군ˣ
һУ֮£ٹƴѾ̸ǹֻܲϻӻľСƳΡŻס
͵𣬳ÿһܻɱʮֻϵĹƳ棬ͬʱҲڼġ
ŵĹƳҲͰٹƴɱһ𣬶̶̲ʮʱ䣬ĹƳ漸ȫʹѡ
ǽϽ̹ʦҲʧأǸӦԼĹƳڷɿųĳİֻƳ棬ɱһС룡
ٹƴҲ
󷽵ʿþѣ֪ΪףΪľС޼᲻ݣǳӽôԼģҪƵ֣ôȫ̹ʦĹƳ澡Ҳǰװʧ
ȻȻѾԳɱ֣㲻аֺڣºݺݵҧԼҲȥٻʮֻϹƣٹƴжԳϮ




517¡벶ȸں
 

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Ϲ֮ԱƳ涼ҪΪ䶾ԼǿҷҲǶ⣻置ֹƳ棬ܺͽϹֵ޼
꼶־ۼףһնƣϹĵ֣
ٻϹƹʱ򣬳ͰصʮֻϹ֮ϣֻϹƻδɽͷԶ籡
ľСһɨһɫĻջһɨգŰɫĻʮֻϹȥٶȼ죬ʮֻϹӴܣȴ첻ɫĻٶȣһ±նɱֻ߰
ʰ۾ֱˣ·˺ݺݹһ
ΪɱٴѪҲԥֻҪõйƳ֮ϵƣʮֻϹʲô
󷽹ԪȴͷϲһսϽ̵ʧʵ̫ˣҵڻû³ĻҲԽԽ
ۼǿĽϹƳ棬ѾնɱԪоâ˸ɱ֣ɱⲻǳųȥĿ϶֣
벶ȸںԪʱʷģʵʱ֣ʱ
ĴʮٶžӢʦ˹ȥٻԵĹƳʷ͵Ϯ
ȻһֱŰٹƴеĳԺ󷽵ԪȻҲ˽ģ˿̸оԾתһʮֻٶŵĹƳ˹
ϽĽϹ置ԵһĹƳ棬ٶҲ˵ģָĹƶմȾһĻжĲ״ϹҲǲضá
Ԫңһŭȣ˿ȷʵŭɶΪþò³ֱԪ͵Ϯ͸ˡ
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һ£ߵѹּ࣬ٹƴѾʵԭǵصĹƳ˿䣬󷨿ԡ
һ߻ӽһԪǱ߿ȥĲЦٶ벶ȸں󣬵ȴֶ̫ˣ˸ĴϢʱ
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Ԫɵȣˣ֪ߵʵѾ޷ԳвöԪƿڴ
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Űмֻ˻еĹƳ棬Ƴκֻ÷ųͣסŲ⼸ֻƳҲǷ֪Ԫʲôͼ
ٶźͽϽ̹ʦ֮սܿתʱֻԪǵĹƳѾȫʤȫǽϽ̹Ƴʬ塣
ʣ군ˣԪĴЦİٶţԼĹӶԼʵĽϽȣƵһЦȴٶš
ԪЦɫȴǼҵ֪ҪҲӲˣΪԼԱȲƳеٶȡ
ԪЦ֮¹ʦʹƳ涢סʣԼʣµĹʦСǰ׵ľ롣
ţԪɫһеľǰ
һֱΪܹնɱߡϰֻϽ̵ĹƳ棬ΪƵİھóѾԦסľȻûʲôΪвˡ
Ԫһ䣬ڳƳκǰϿյĹƳ棬ַɽ˼ʮֵľ룬ڲһӵʱ壬Ƕɱ
ԪĹƳûйȻٶķŹˣǽľСƽϣֱۣҪľСȥĶ
Ԫųֻ֣ҪľСʲô쳣仯ѧʸղضܡ




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һԿðЦԪǲĺʹƳסٶľСһʧ
춪ԪƽľСȴٳûһѾȲˣ̤ǰһݺݵĵٲҾ㳢Ƴζ
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ۼҪƳ壬Ƴζʱʧɫȴ޴ܡ
ѵҪͳ
ڹƳ漴һ̣۵һĨէ֣ƽϵľСͻȻĵȥ
ղһֱעľСԪ̤ǰһ룬аһɱ
ľСջԪѾ׼֮ǰʵľҪ̫࣬㣬ùȥ
һٶľСĶг־塢𺧺ţ漴أϾ
ĹƳʧȥƣͬͷӬһתٶԳ
ָһľСͻصϡ

ʺһڹʦĿɿڴޱȵ𾪣ǰ˼ֱɰĴڣ
һ֣ðٶŵĹʦȻӵйƳ棬ҲҶԳˣ巢Ĺĵ
νġֻ񻰴˵ȻۼмԦɽˣǲ·ʲô
ֻʾ󣬲Ű᲻ڲٿľСֻǺٻѡ
ԪҲĴסľСֱۻ
һĻʿľɲԥСӾܲʹղ
ܵĻôֵ֮ʱˡ
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ĽϽ̣мʮʦΪսȻʧȥƳ֮󣬺ͨûʲô𣬵ʮˣ򵥴ֱΧŹܰѳŻƳδˡ
νӵ֪첻סĻȳָ֮Ҳѱ
£ʶһЦкйʦΧȥʮֹĵСɣǷޱߣѡΪػߣʵҰ
ʣղŲǻɱ𣿡ĵ
ղʿˣ֪Сǵõˣֶƹϣ˲һʱ嶯´Сɿˡ΢΢ֵʮ־η
һƳηſڵȥľܣ̧뿪ٿǿˡ㡣
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ϣͻȻһ£ʮʦȻȥ
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ǳ˿̿ȥޱƺվվȣŮӣܰæ
Σʱ̣Ƴβ룬ҪԼڳǰ
ۼϽ̹ʦ˻ڵأɫ򶨡
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ˣƳη£ȥľܣʾʶ֡
գ֮䣬ʺм׳ʵĹʦѾ˵ǰֻ֮䣬Ƴζڳǰ
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׳ʵʦӻȭͷҪλȥ
ŲæǷһȡ
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ڵޱǿԶˣȻײˣҪԸûйƳĹʦѾ´ࡣ
ң֣ڼ׳ʵʦȭͷҪϵʱ򣬳ˣ
ľСֱȻӻȥǧĿֲԷɲǼɫ󺧡
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ʵ˫۵ɵϴۿֲľСȳĹʦն
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ǧľСһ˲ͽʡԼ׳ʵʦնϣͷѡѪɣֲˡ
˶ŵĿһĻֻʺͼ׳ʵʦʼϳ룬˲䱻նɱ
ĽϽ̹ʦʱ뵹һϽֹסŲһǰ
Ѿŵøεѣɫɷף˫һͺͰٶŵĹʦһ嶶øɸƵĲϹģ




519¡Σ
 

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һߣڵϵİٶŹʦɫֵ̿ʵɣҲܣ
ˣǰԼĹƳȫšĮ˵
ȻϽ̽ʺͰٶԪЩʦȺףϾܲٿعƳ棬ѱ·ϻ᲻º֡
ˣλʦסٶŹʦĹƳ档
ٶŵʮӢʦԹԵİѹƳȫź׾ͰЩƳΪá
ӣΣȫˡ
޷˶֣ڣٶźͽϽ̼ʮʦҲɲʲôв
ɫ䰵Ͻ̵ĹʦںòܣƳΡȥЩʦ̧ܣ뿪ϹڣһƬƬԭʼɭ֡
ҹʱ֣ڻصŵľ
ڵϢ˼Сʱָ࣬ž֮󣬱վɫĶԽϽ̺ͰٶŹʦ˵ǻȥԼɰɣԺ󲻵ù£ұضĲǣ
ллɡллɣϽ̺ͰٶŵĹʦǳϻ̳Ͽ֣ԳϿͷߵлȫսս뿪ˡ
ʺԪЩ˻ȥ֮ҲܿɢӽԺ󣬽Ͻ̺Ͱٶƶɣڡ
ͨʮϽ̺ͰٶŹʦ֮ڣĴ˵Ҳ置ԶԶ
Ŀ͹ʦ뿪ɫǫµĿڵƵһػߣҲӦػеǿ֮ˣѡ㣬ܻܿڲõĽϹţ״н㣬Դӽ쿪ʼҪ置ٻȥ캣ˡ
ţʲôػߣҸûȤҶϹŵĴҲûʲôȤϢһǾͻȥ캣аɡɴľܾ
Ҫ置ԶѣǾܵ顣
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⡭ϸŨŨɫ
ԴӺĽʯ֮ʮΪػơػϹŶڳȴȫϹŵһ£ȫ޷ܵġ
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ڴʱڻеľСͻȻ
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ƸңҿԴ뿪置ǽúϢһ̰ɡЦЦ
Ŷʱһȣû뵽ƻᴫϢһҲȫˡ
ѡʷǿػߣҲԸȥ캣УǸͷ
ƳʮֿĵĵھͶƱ




520¡ѧ
 

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ڶһ磬ƳΡ˱㵽ϴڴרתǭ֮ǰ캣еķɻ
Сʱ󣬷ɻĿĵأɻҪƳ̳ȥؼҡ
ȴܾˣҪĽʯԳ棬ԼϹȥؼҡ
Ƴζŵ˼һҲԷٴ绰֪ͨĽʯ
ܿ죬ĽʯŮطѩڵĲ
ϤֱʮǰݣĽʯʱݺᣬܹš
һʼ£ĽʯסҲ˶ᡣ
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֮ǰźĽʯһͬʾл֮󣬳ƳΡطѩǷֿصԼı
½ں׵ʦ֮սԽԽʱʲô£ڱǱ
ĵһҹһ顣
ԭǴѧ༶Ⱥη֪ͨҪȥѧУᣬύҵġ
ʵϰǰѾдñҵģҲöԴ²ġ
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ȻҲΪѫǸӵܳ棬СڼﳤѬ£Ŷÿڲţ硣
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ȷ֮һúõͬѧȴͻȻҪ




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£Щԥͬѧ׷׵ͷӦˡ
ѫϸ֮ɫ͵Ŀףһۣܳ
ȵȣѫЩͬѧǾͲҪǿ˼ȥǰλƤٴοڣĵ
ѫ仰ƺк壬ɫʵƤϣܹһȥǮģҽ衣
Ǻģ˿϶飬һԹ㡣Ƥ˵
ѫǺһЦ˭Թң೤Ҳûпҡ
λĳͬѧƤ˵ţתͷĿ˳һۣҶ֪ﲻһôΪӣ϶ҪͿһȥҵУһ׬ǵǮһ¾ͻȥҪԹ೤ϣ
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˵ƤͳҲйڵģΪʲô֮ǰúܵùϴѧ䵽һƷ༶⼸⡣




522¡
 

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֪طѩϵǳϼŵıɽܲáŮϵ޸˵ĽȺͬѧ




523¡һ
 

ֻǵһЦûлӦɵĻ
ƤЩ˲ֶͬ˵Դ飬˵ûʲôֵҫġ
ңʶóţƵˡ
ֵܶ˵ˣУһ𣬼ȻǾͽ֤һ£Ƥĵ˵
֪طѩǴѧƽʱ϶У԰ϿΣǸͣһ绰Ϳ԰Уй
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༶˶ùųİũƶͬѧǲǻ֢ˣ
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֮ǰ½ٴʮͬͬѧߺſhݳᣬֹҲʶ˳ķǷ
ڼڰİ೤ѫסһʱ㵾죬Ȼǲ˵ݡ
½ɫ֣Χ۵ͬѧȥ±Ҳ᲻뿪뿴Ϸ




524¡ı
 

ϰ೤𣿿ſͬѧʹȥ֣Ȼôⶼⲻ
£ǸӾֱǿ󵽱̬
ͬѧѾˣ·һƵġ
ƤǳԾסſͣһ
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ſѫɣʦһӡοȥˣٲ֣İ༶Ҫѧ¼
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Ǻǣԡһν˵
ѫʱۣȥݺһ٣ȴֲңΪҲĹŵˡ
ߣũĳ˿ɶûУе˲𣿿ûǮͱӰ֯༶ҵУѫ컹ѱҵеöˡ
ڸıˡһЦ㲻ǾûǮ˿ǺãҸȥҵУһҪֵܻһȥ
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Ǿʯϼңʯȫͬѧܵ೤ĵλҪࡣ
ѫļҳСܣѾ֪ѫ뷨رף֣೤ƨǲ֪ɣʯŽϼңǰ೤ͳϼңĳЩֻũ˿Աȵģ
ũˣȻָվһߵĳ
ԣмһЦ
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ѵѫںʲôϵ
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һԱҵиȤˡ
ȥϾѫףֺƤˣ͹ĵġ
ֻѫһ١ٶũĵ˿Ҳܵ͵裬չһԼʵ
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ʯ򲻴ѫҺͻҲĵ
ѫŪʵȷͻҪȥȥʯΣҪɻסߵƵ꣬ѵ𣿡
ǺǣҲҪȥһҪɻͷȲգסǼƵꡣʾĻؾ
ȻĻ˶УȴЦ
ҴţˣϼǺţͻɲʵϰϼʵϰˮƽΪҲ֪һǧǧ㣬ɻͷȲգסǼƵꣿѫ޼ɵĳ
ΧԽԽ࣬˵ҲԽԽͬѧ
ģһϵѧڰ༶ٶ˵ѫĳԹϾѧֵͦ
ڼֱ˳ͻЩͬѧȫϷˡ
ȻǻǾãǮƵѫٴʤ
ֻ½Ǹ༶ʮͬѧ͵͵ΧۣǱú࣬Ұѳ˵




525¡Զ
 

ѫҳǮأƽĶѫʵ
㲻ܳ𣡡ѫնĵŨŨĲм㣬ƶʡ캣еԽʡУһͷȲջƱҪǧ飬ʯžǼƵ˫˷һǧ飬αҵȥҹͻɼػƱס˾ǧǮѣ˵ʵϰһ깤ܳǮ𣿡
ô𣿳ɻͷȲպסǼƵ֮⣬ҺͻÿһͣҪƿ82ƣʲôϺǽٶٲ١ʮ˵
ڣ
Ļ⣬ͬѧ̲סЦ
ũͬѧΪ˺Ͱ೤̧ܣǴӣ
װˣ
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ţȥ˴˾ʵϰıûѧᣬѧװˣѫ·ɵһ㿴ų
ҷϻɫһת䣬Ҿ㣬ҳǮô˵
ǺǣҪǮҾͰı׼ȫͬѧѫʮ˵
ճɵı׼һ˱ҵô˵ҲСʮס
ѫ϶򲻿ܳǮ
Ÿҷų˺׳
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룬˭˭ôóʮ飡ѫǺܲм
Ĭ˷֮Ѿȫƶˡ
ʮֽ𣬿Ϳճͻ˵ļҵףò
ѫΪ೤ԳͻɵļҾ˽÷ǳϴѧǽѧѣҪѧ
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ϴǸ
ͻɣǵļпóʮ顣
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ѫҪóʮ飬ǾǶ˳ĺ··ˣ
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ǰһ̾˿ѫˣŪ֣úøǸˣαԼ²̨أ
Ҳ˽ļҾ춣
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ΣȻҲûһֺøС
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526¡
 

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˵󣬻ٳһ
תǮɣھתʮҡΰóһп
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ԼѾȲʤȯôͬѧ¹Ǹĳ
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رũԱѧ
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УתúղŲҪתʮ𣿶һаκֳôͬѧ֤ôʮܰϴүѵˣ
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527¡˻һ
 

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죿ѫ㲻ˣɣ¶һĨŪЦ⡣
ѫЩŪըĵѫ˵ȥĻóȥˮ˭ˣ˭ӣ
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ѫ˵ڵǰһ죬ӵδ۵绰
ĴŮһڣ˲ɤܵܣˡ
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Դ֮۱оԼİˡ
ԲŻ绰캣
ȻҲ³Ͼߣкüò֮µļƷŮ
ԴӺͳȻ֮Ĺǵ·Ĵţܵ˴δйá
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۴ŮŮˣǵûоʹ࣬ʳ֪ζҲԭġ




528¡ǰʯ
 

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ʵ飬ܰ忪ǿҵԡ
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۳ԳԵЦܵܣ½ȥ캣ĻЩŮѻԴװɣ
ȻǡеεĻӦ
һ˵ҲȷʵЩⷽ棬ƳΣͻ۵ĺ꾫
ǵĻǽ͹㿩˵˵ţֱȻܵܣһŮѣѵ㲻Ǵͬߡһ԰Ŷ
仰ͷаѹסˡ
飬ʵ
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˽ͨһҹ
ܿǵڶϣԼʱ캣ѧĴſڡ
ѫͬͬѧѾＯϡ
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ܶ˶ǵһͷȲգ֮һ㣬ͷȲվݻǺð
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ѫĴ£ȫͬѧǰŵľʯҲѫϼڡ
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ʷϢŨľ㣬ʹҲдοǰ棬ַǷ
һ˵Ŀĵأ³֮ȥԤǼƵź
ʱѾʱ֣Щͬͬѧһ͡
ճ֮ǰ˵ò͹82ƺơϺǽ١
һͳԵʮʮǮ˳Եú죬Ƶϰǿֲ֧
ԾƵϰ۽磬ȫЩѧȻôֲ
ȻлҪ鹦ѫͳˡ
ûǵĶĶЩͬͬѧܳԵݻĴ͡
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ڶ죬ȤĸЩһ档
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ǰ죬ѫչʾĲͶԼļʶͬͬѧݲѡ
˵ϣѫȥµľ㣬˵ʣ༸ûȥľ㣬ô档
ͬѧǲԣװ೤ôߡ




529¡
 

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ѫ˵֮󣬰ͬѧĳˣǺһȥ档
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죬úˬΪũѧһΣĵʯ򣬶һסǼƵ꣬Ժֱͣλðܡ
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ﲻҪҪȥҽɵǵʵ
֪ʱԶˣ˵Լǿ϶һС⡣
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ðɣúϢеź˵Ȼ͸Ѵˡ
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֣㣬ôᱻЩ߾û棬ҵӡѫһ֮ɫ
ʵϣҲܼһܽš
Ϊһսغϼҵˡ
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ҲֻĽķݡ
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³ҪлŵķȥȴդΧźɫװīӸȥ
դ첻⿪ţ㲻ܽȥһװ䵭˵
΢΢üôΪ½ں׵ľս˵ͷˣ
ҪȥդεοͣȫЩװ׷ױʾ顣
еĻ绰ͶߣȻȴá
˺ܿͷդ棬϶Ҫ¡
µǲ򵥣ȻԷסʯľöܰ쵽
ܶοͳ˶˶ȥǿɲǷĴ
ҲЩװ֣Ѱ˼Ƶȥ
ʱѫףֺƤҲˣǲûзֳ
ڲԶһ¾ͷǵĵ΢΢棬վȺй۲
ѫҲװסˡ
ѫȴһĵϼˣǸң
ó֤װǺĮ˵
ƺһ㲻ηѫݡ
ѫʱЩˬˣͳ֤ŵװǰ
װóһļѫ֤˶һ£ɫԻĵԭѫүȥɡ
ߣԺ£۾㣡ѫֺף֡Ƥ߽դ
Ƥ˫Ŀĵ೤簡һݣЩװͰ͵ĺװˡ
˵ʱͬʱܵοͶ桢ĽĿ⣬ʱı
ôοͶסǽȻѫݣƤȴ·оԼбһʮ١
ð棬ѫǺںйϵ
ѫ˽ȥ֮½½һЩǿɫͨװ֤ҡڵ߽դ




530¡Ƽ
 

ܹդˣһƷǷ͸¶һͨûеľ
ֻ΢ЩһۣͷǵѧˮƽζڻϣҲв١
½ԼսںףǰȫĻϵѧ֣ȫսˡ
½һսĵҰģɼһߡ
һЩǮƵÿͣô˱ŽȥƾʲôԼҪ棬һ¾Ͳˬˡ
һ󸹱ĸ̣·ĺװǰʶξֵ쵼ǸҲҽȥӾҪǺÿ
װһ㶼ӣĻһӦ
ݣӿǵ»ܲôţƣǸ̲ȻŭóֻͿʼξѵĵ绰
װԾ޶Եվš
ÿͶŸ̴绰뿴סդĴǲǱξֵ쵼
ܿ죬¶𾪺Ͳ֮ɫȻɫѿĹҵ绰
Ҹװɫˣ㬵뿪
ξйϵĸ̶Щװû취ÿģ׷뿪ܲܽȥդ档
ЩÿͲͬóЩװ书ƽƽֻ˶ڣÿǲӲ
ֻһͻΪһӰӹ·ĺװǣ׵Ľդ
̤ʯ·źӵդȥԽߣ·ϵԽԽࡣ
֮󣬳л֮ǰѾۼȫءѧ֡
Ȼ׽ߣûпνĹǰ
лһ׹ʯţȫʮףĸ߶ףʯߵĹš
Ϊʦսĵص㣬лѾգڿһˡ
ʦ֮սʼʱаСʱվڹµһ࣬ȤĴȫѧߡ
ЩߣȫǸ֣Ů٣ֳһϵվ˹ʯ·
աģĹˮ¥̨϶̸Ц衢Ŀһɴʦ緶
һ󣬷ѫףֺƤˣվںͬһĲԶλøӿлš
ǿ׾ѫǵĶԻ
ֻѫɫн˵ڴȥҽõһλϼִкǵû㣬𲻶ء
֪ˡףֺƤͷСף˺ܽţҲ˷ܡ
ڿʶһλˡ
ѫ˴ӦƹȺһ¥
˹ȥ
½ûں֮ǰ½սҲҲˡ
֮ǰһѫû·һ΢һݣԭģֻͬһƣ±˭ϳ
ѫף֡Ƥܴ¥֮󣬿վڡ
ı߽ȥһ䣬ѫһϼʺɻ磬þò
ѫôˣҲϼˣһһ֣Ϸɻ
ƶʡѧܣͨ˽Ϸɻ΢΢ü
ɻ磬̫үү½һսҴͬѧսѫСĵЦ
ȻϷɻ򵥽һףֺƤ
Ϸɻǹغϼһսôɵ˽
һҲ֮һ䣬ŵףֺƤսս
Բ𣬷ɻ磬Ҳ볤ʶұ֤ǲὫľս˵ȥѫؿڱ֤
ףֺƤæŵͷ
Ϸɻһûѵλܡ
ѫϵȽϺãҴսǰϾٹѫͬѧ
ڣÿ˶ڸ߶Ƚ֮С
¥ϼĴͬãں׵
ں׽ѾǾʮĸ䣬ӣָʮŮ
ڴ˶Ǻ顣
ѫں׵һӣĸĸѧ츳ޣ޷Ϊѧ֣ڼλϵ͡
ѫһȫѧںԴѧɺȭֻܸżһѧ򵥵Ľɡ
ѫĸĸϷɻĸĸϵѫСͽֺѧ츳ڵϷɻڼվȽŸڱȫ
ȻЩ飬ѫɲףֺƤ͸©ֻϼҶôϵõǼһٮٮߣ̤뻯ʱձضͻƵܿܳΪϼҵȨˡ
ѫףֺƤ¥ϼҸ֣Ϸɻȴǵóͳĵǳȥ˵




531¡ǰʢ
 

ѫףֺƤ˾нĸϷɻ߳¥󣬻صлűߡ
ѫ˵ûôˣɻ磬кöѧҡѧսɣܸܲǽһ£
ǶҡϷɻ̣еĵ
ѫʵĸң
¶˵ɣϷɻѫһۣܣѧ츳ҲͰˣѧңѧ˽ȴʮѷ
ףԱ߾̫̾ȭĴʼ¶
ûңվмǸˣ¶ĵڴˣ챣˵ѾͻƵһ̫뻯һ飬ܰһĥ̳ķѣ
ô
ѫ˾̾־˱̬ʦ½ںʲôˮ׼
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ϼҵʲôˮ׼ѫô
Ͼĸĸڼλ̫Եˡ
ѫֻżϷɻ¶һ֣һƮͷϣѾ𾪲ѡ
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˵ĸϣǸΡ
½뻪ѧǰʯսԲ˸ΡֻǸΡԼ
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ʮһʦ֮սҲȷʵЩ޷ܾ
ˣʦ֮䣬ɵһӶѵüʦ֣˵ʦĶԾ
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Ϸɻȴҡҡͷû
ҸȫȻܣʵ̫үү½죬ûʲôƣһսǳա
ܿܰ½£ں׻ǽսˡ
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ңһɽݶ½ϼʦ½ҰģҪϼҴӽϰγ
ں׻ǽһս
Ϊģܶ㲻ȥ
սѵ½ͻŹʯĻô
Ͼǻʦϡһλò̤
һߣѫ֪ߵغĻҲǰЦ
һңȻ˵޴Ļ
ѧ磬ʦԽԽǻ˥ʧʵ½
άֵסʦˮ׼㲻ˡ
ҲΪʲô½ͻʦ͸սʮںס
ȫһսϼʦܹʤ
ʱѫϷɻǱѾΪսŵò˵
Ҳ˸ѵĹսλãȴ½ĳ֡
ѡλãվһһС
СǸǸʮŮͨȴվôôõλãʱü˵ιĲûУվȥ
ȻʧЦԼȻһСŮˡ
΢΢棬ΪСŮᣬȻɵˮƽȷʵб˵ʱ
Ȼɻûʸդս϶ʦݷǷ
С񡣡λ߿ˡ
һ۾ͿóǸͨˣûʲôѧӡ
ܽսģ㲻ߣҲ϶һ㡣
˵ĳѧҵĹӣֻû䣬żֳս
ʦΪʲôҲս˵ڳĶ𣿡Се㲻ʵ




532¡ʦս
 

Сѧǰ츳ǿߣʮ꣬ͽ밵ɾ硣
ʦǰۿʦ֮ս
СУһ٣еǳԺ
ڣһͨͨԺվһСܲƽˡ
ССͣĸͳһʦ֮սоԼܵ衣
Сѧÿһ˶΢΢һЦСͷ
Сһʦȷʵ˵öԣⲢӳ
֪СͽܽúܣһЦתʵСӣλѧҵĹӣ
ҲǳѧңֻԼһġƽ˵
ԣ΢΢һ㵡
ΪѧҵĹӸ磬ѧҴǮƣһ๫С㣬ԿҲǺġ
û뵽ȻѧҵıûУȴܽսϡ
Ƭդģͨ˸ˣôģ
СҲԻ󣬲ʵιûбôģ
й¶һЦ
ССһŲϡ֪ء
դôһֻ©֮Ҳ
ϾѾǰɵСֹؿڵĺװȫèֻǹˡ
δմһɵĸ֣ߵݣĸȤ
վʱ򣬾͸ۿߵΪ
ߺǺһЦϸһ˿԰ɫɽڼȭƣλҵĹŵС
ԭǰ棬ѧѧǣ߱˱ȭ
Сһ⺺϶û˵ʦ˵ʲôƤ湻ġ
ȿȣڲ˵𣿡ЦΪĵ
ЦҳɽڱչأѾûгߣСֵû˵Ҳ
ǰҽгֱӽ־ˡһҲûУøС
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ҲȤš
ܿ죬ʦ֮սʼʱѾʣ²ˡ
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ҲᡰסһȤ
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̫Υѧܹеˡ
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˿ӣԼʮ꣬಻ŭɫڴŽߣǰ·һһצӸơ
㵺ʦϣ𾪵ѿڶҲսˡ
˿ŵҲһλ˳
Ǽ䣬ȫѧǣ𺳻Ȼ
½ں׵ʦ֮սȻһλʦ
ڳĸֶǼʶ֪λʦ
ʦںףӽϣ¸ء
ϣ۾㵺㵺ѧ̩ɽ
λʦǾдУ֮󽫣ػӽ£۾صء
λһλڻһλϵýѧ绮Ϊ̡
λʦǸ߸ϡײβ
ȻΪ½λ½ʦڳҵüʦеλ
һ̣ΪߵѪʼʮֻȡ
½սںףȻսǺǣõʦƲ̾һ䡣
СһηĿлϵǸӡ
Ǵ˵еʦ죬۵üˣ
½أͷأôܣϺҿŵģΰһȴǷǳӵ




533¡
 

ߵ¥֮ϣһۻϸ磬԰꣬϶һʱ䡣
ߣ½۸һʮͷʵ˼ҶϢҶ㺦һҲ¥ӡ
ʵϣⷬ˵ҲǴҵ
ֻ˲ʦ⣬˼ɡ
䳰ߵ¥ҲûлӦ
֪ղ¥˵֮ˣ½죬ȫǳءѹ
ʦ֮սвӣҲһֱվлϣ׳ͬһֻ˲Ʈ䵽һ࣬ĵط
ŵ㣬ǳԱߣӯëûϢһѧˣĵСӣһá
˿վţúλʦ졣
һͨˣȻȫѵǱɵˣ
ΧߣƵͽС˿̺ʦӴǽ˷
ƫƫȴޱ顣
С˳һۣҲͨɵˡ
ʱԱߵһ֮ɫʺʦá
Ҽǵ㣬ɽڼȭɵơϵעܿӳתƵϡ
ƺǺЦҺʦǵ࣬ǰȥ㵺μᣬʱһ档
ûûͷԲ˵ʲôﶼ
ȻСߣû˸ҶԴ
ϾϣֱںΪͷôͬƣǸˡ
ʦԸȴ˵еָȣԼ꣬һӶȵòͷˡ
Χߣ˵ȤǰɵСҲۡ
λʦԳͨȤųʵСӣһûģôҲվôôõλã
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ڳ߶Ǹ֣ǳǿܶ˶仰Ŀɿڴ漴׷Ц
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СӲԴջˣ˵ɣ
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һ˵׵Ļ֮һΣ϶޷ֵˣ΢΢ɴ۾ĿǰСӡ
淢ˣ
ܱһλʦţݹ٣һͨ˵ĪңСôΪ٣Ϊأ
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ҲԳʧȥȤֻǺٺЦ½϶˵Ļˣݣһ۵ʸûУŵӿɲŹ㣬Ϳɣ
УվŲʦϵĻ߷硣
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ڶ֣׷װĿŻлϡ
ʦ֮սҪʼˣ
ղϷɻѫǳ¥˿̻߳һȺϼҸ֣ӵŵһλɫӳ׷ԲԵˣȥ




534¡½
 

λˣ룬ϵʦںף
˵Ŀ⣬ں׻۶ȥǽĵڶλʦˣ
죬νѧʢ£ܼʦ֮սһξۼλʦ
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535¡ʦ֮ս
 

ںװŵ˫ۣü֮£һȡ
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ڳ໯ֶֻܸе𺳡
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֮˵ԣҷա
֮پʮڤڤһԵпͻΪѧ綥Ĵڡ
ں׾һա
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Դͻûкͬȼʦ֡
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λĳǿߣ֮ǰ˵½첻̤ı̨½ˡ
ڣһˣ
֮ǰǻڳЦѰ·ɵӷӣÿȴģͬʱĺ²ѣﵽͷϡ
򱳼ϾղǿڿƺΪСء
ǰ֮ǰ½첻֪ðԴı̨ڴ˸˵Բϣ½ж£
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ˣһȣۼҪߣں׵Ĵæе
үӵָλѧһأ
תסһںף뻹˹ȥ
˾ȵףͷ͵Ǿ;ʦһɣ
Ȼڡ
Ϊں׵ʵ̫ˣֻ̤ŹأҽͨҲʯ֮ϣʱڽںκá
δδ̸˴ںĿʵ԰׵һ֮ɫ
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þϸ΢Ķַһͨ룬ں׵ڡ
ں׵Ϊ㣬ܿÿ޸Щصľ
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ں̲ס־ϲ̾ʦҽֱ似
ϼ˿ү»һ𾪣תΪϲ֮ɫ
κˣ
ϣֻʱסҪκƣһʱƬ̵顣һЩٸơ
Χ۵̫ˣܻһʱϵʱ䣬лŵںβ
Ѿסں׵ƣҲһʱ
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ˣҲסʯЩԻ㡣˵꣬Ƶת뿪
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ѾλصʦˣҪܼ޸˧ľ֣ȼ޸ʲôٶҪǿһ򱶣




542¡ϼҵ
 

ѫϷɻʮָмĿų̤նȥӰ
첻λľֳ֣ǽϼҽʹ˸½У
֮ѣǻֵϷɻǼԵѫʱһ١
ΪǶˣ
ϼĿ⹧ͳȥ֮ԪڳڶѧҲҪ뿪վͷϣĿڵλѧͬԶǿͣϼҽٰʢ硢λϣǰ
ĻߵĽŲͣ
Ǽ֤𺳵ʦ֮ս֮󣬾Ҫδ뿪
ں׵ĴԪ죬ȴʢǸ磬ϼҵӣܲ
ҴҶ֪λصľ֣ҲǰȥϼңΪʦˡ
ǽύλظ˵ľѻᣬܶ˶ʱͷ
ΣǰȥϼҸԲ
ûʸûλظ˽ѣܺͽϼʽ飬Ҳܲ
˶ˣ
Ԫԭ㣬үսʤ½Ļ;ٰϯȫصָȾƣףͬʱҲΪ׳ϼҵ
֮ںװ½£ȴͻȻֵظȣϼңӱֵ֮ɹ٣Ҳֵúúףһˡ
Ԫ쵱ȻŹᣬûѧǸ硣
̷ֶͣԸϼȥдЩ֣ϼҡ
϶Դ˵ûʲôȤΪóǸʮּǳˣȥĻѱ
ͣ׳Ӱһֻ㣬գۼʧߵС
Ԫ쿴ðź벻λ㵺ʦ
ܺλصĳո˽ύȽύһλʦֵҪԶԶ߳ǧٱ
ѫ󲮹Ҫٰϯʱ˷תϷɻʵɻ磬ҿԴͬѧȥ𣿡
Ϸɻ֮ǰ֪ԪҪٰϯľǰսִǰϼҶɹٹأϲ֮գ޽ɣλܵͬѧμϯҲûʲô󰭡
ԣʱͬѧعأĶȫѧǰɱǡϷɻ֣صѵ
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ںױ½лܣҪһλظ˳־ʦ˵Ǻܳ顣
ҽϼңһҪǵعأΪϼȫصָ֣ЩǰɶȨƼ󡢷ǳǵĴѫ˵ţɫ
ûЩͬѧʱ˶ĳλ֣ôξҪ㵽ѫͷϡ
֪ˣ೤
ʮͬѧͷͬʱϸڴ֮ɫ
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ʲôüǵģ˵úЩָħһ˫ֲĵ
ѫʱһѧѧĹأΪѧ˵ٰʽͺţƣʱ治۾ָ֣֪ʲôˣ죡




543¡ǰϼ
 

֮ǰһơù飬ѫһֱǺġ
֪ôͻȻ֮ӵһ
ǰ˿ͬѧͺûʲô
ѫô໰ҪȥϽȥмĵѫľ⡣
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ͬѧһ˷ܵĸŰ೤߳Ƶ
ͻҲ˹ȥ˺һƳ̳
Сʱ֮ѫļ壬ϼסַ
һ³ͬѧϼҵĺլۡݺһѣ
ԭϼҲסУִĴǹɫĸۡЩŴٹסĵط
ָۡҲʯŨʷĻϢȫΪһ塣
ͬѧ׷׸̾Ǵ˵ңסĵط̫ˣ
ѫͬѧߵǰſѾϼڽӴǰĹ͡
ѫĸĸϼҵλϵͣҲſӭ˼Ӵôʱһæǰʵѫôö
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ϸĸʱԶе㲻ã֮ǰŸȥһ˵Ҫڴѧ⣬ôȫͬѧʯˣ
ѫôˣ󲮹ýȥϸѹ
ѫЦЦ֣İɣҸɻкˣ˵Ǵϲ֮գ޽ɣҴͬѧȥ󲮹϶ͬġ
ǾͺãǵͬѧعءϸԷ
ѫȫͬѧĸк߽ϼҴš
һһռؼͥԺѾϰžϯϼڽæµš
ϯλϣѾ֣Щѵôȫظһãܶ඼໥ύ̸Цչѧϵ
ѫСĴͬѧͥԺԵȥ
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Ϸɻɵͬѧȥѵһ٣Ա֮ǰ֮Ȼóͻһ캣У
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뾡ְ취
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544¡㵽
 

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ǲǶԳ裬úе
˵ең͸Ĺأ
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ףк೤СܹסƤԼȫˣŶԳŲ˶ˣȰ೤ֹ¹Ǹûã
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ף֡ƤȫͬѧͷôӲȫĮĿ
Ѿӽ쿪ʼҪͳߣͬѧϵ
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죬ɶɺ޵ͬͬѧ޴Ĵۣ
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ϷɻǵûйµǸٴ˵軰ɫ
Сôֵϼҵ滹ĸ飿
СӣԼֲңϷɻӹ֮ɫ漴ˣ
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ڶͬѧûֳָ֣Ϸɻ͵ʽҪƵģһʱ𺳡ѣĿɿڴ




545¡ճ
 

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һƮƮģϷɻ̺һȣ˿ѻʯ
Ȼһ̣˶ûѫȫϡɷ˵ĳ
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һĻͥԺеڶĿɿڴ
ԭˣǸ֣
ȻϷɻһķһֱۣ
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һЦıԼòֻ¶һ˿ƮɵϢ
漴ȫתˡ
ڶѧǰ׷׵ɴ۾
ƾϲĽеǳʦ




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˰֣ұҲ뱻ϳֻļùܽһˡ
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ԪĻѾˡ
ԭΪϼѰµ֣Ǳˣǳʦ
ѫź׵գסˣʹ
޷ŵĿųũͬѧȻǸ书صĳʦ
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ףֺƤһɵ°Ͷ쾪ˣôͽǸصĳʦһƵĵط
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ôũͬѧͻȻҡһ䣬ͳѧ߸ϵʦˣ
ŸʲôʦͷǸԪϷɻѫ㵲һ
ϼҪФӵܸˣ
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˿̣ȴҪͷǸνܵˣ




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ϷɻȽ˳ǳʦʵ
֪˿ϽͷǸĻСҪˣ
ʦԲ飬ʹˡϷɻӦ֮󣬰ͷĵ죬Ŀ־ϯġ
ôᣬǻ֣ǰ;
㱻һ첲ҲˣܱȶҪã
ŷɻ粻Ͽͷģѫһ㵣漴תΪµĿ־壬ģһλѧϵʦ
ԼȻΪӣͷǸ޴
ʦʦѫʱ׷һ棬Ȼǳ߳ܶĻжԳķߺޣڿͷˣ
ٲĵĻԼﻹڣ
ѫͷͬʱ֮ǰڴѧεĸǻ̿
ΪʲôΪʲôũĵ˿ͬѧͻȻͳʦ
Լƫƫһ٣ٶĵ
ѫԼ˰˱ӵѪù
ܲģαҵУصشͬͬѧԼ壬Ϊչϼүı
Ȼ˿һеĹâˡ
ݵλޱȵĳߣԶԶһүܱȵϵġ
ѫ֪һλʦжôΪ̫үүں׾һλʦ
Ҳ˵ֻҪҪ޾ǮȨƣ˫ַϡ
ʮϹϾѧ̩ɽ֤
ȫǮƵ֣ǰͽг
ͥԺĸȫվˣǺЩ̩ɽһһ羴Ĥݵɫų
ѫԼȴ¿ͷ
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ѫһ߿ͷһ߸оԼһء
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ũͬѧǵֻй书̬㣬˵еľ֣
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ƤҲһ־壬ǺǵĵǰҪ˵ǳʦźأôҵ
ͬѧǸôٵûɵĸеһġ
ɫϵԪ첶׽ˡ
ʦԺܲãҪһЩʾˡ
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ʱϷɻңȴҷ
֪ĳͷʵģϾˡ
ǮȨƸϼұñܺù
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Ԫû뵽ѫͳʦǴѧͬѧȴΪ竵Ըûкͳʦã̫޴ˣ
Ҫͷʱĵѫѧ֮࣬Ĺڣˣҿû
ǸؽϵˣѾ¶ģгر
Ѿͬˣ֮ǰѫЩȫҪȥ
Ļѫһĳȵס
ԪʦɫҲŲµõѫӵڴѧôˣĺȵѫҺͳʦͬѧȻҵʦôãϹǲǣӽ쿪ʼĸĸϼˣȥ
˵֮Ԫһѫļ֮ϡ
꣡
һϸ΢ĽǶѫƺһҽжв̱ڵϡ
Ԫһ֮£ѫֱӳ˷һ
һĻһԵףֺƤЩɢҪιȥˡ
Ϊ˳ѫֱӾͱֲˣôֻʲôĺ
ˣȫˡ
ѫɫҰףȫʹȴվûУʱֻʹĲȫ̱ɷˣ
Ԫ飬ѫĸӴߡ
ѫĸӱϣǼұϼңԭǵϼҵĴ˳ʦ
𺧱ʹȴΥԪĳͷɫҵıԪ뿪ˡ
ȻԪֿףֺƤʦͬѧϼˣȻʦŭʦͷһ
ĳȡףֺƤֱۣˣԪԷȥһֱۣʱʹȥҽвѡ




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ʦҰֹطȥһֱۣԪĿףֺƤǵľʹͬ飬תʦĳͷ𣿡
͵Ϊֹɣף֣ƤҲǳʦҲùۿ˵ͣΪԼãڴУͿũͬѧĽѵģŵʹˣ
ףֺƤǿ̾ʹĳ䡰Բ𡱣֮ܲˣʹιȥˡ
ԪҡҡͷŪѣ˻ʹܡ
ǴףֺƤȥס鲻˵ȥȺͬͬѧ˵ȻֿɣɣҪһ𣿡
áɵͷźֵü֮ǰĳȫ˻úܡ
һȺͬͬѧսսķףֺƤ뿪ˡ
ӽԺ󣬳оһˣҲӡǸ־ũͬѧ
֪ѾǺͬһˣϼҶҪ˵ϵѧʦ
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Щ˵ʺвΪ⣬ֵʱζĿСһۣһź¡
ʦԲ֮ǰСͽԲѷˣǸƸϽЦǸ
С츳ͽܣɲŮͽܱȥһ첲֮;Ͷˡ
ЦЦСӲ£Ҳ
СʱСǺ죬ɫ߲ѣͷȥ
ˣҽ˵ģԪ죬ȥϰɡԪ˵
Ԫʱϲæųȥ
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ں׵ӣǰ㻤
ӦԪ˽ں׵۾ɻʵԪ죬λǣ
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ѧ¸صңҾ㣬ֻǾ֮ͣҲΪҽı֡費ĵˣҺҵͬѧ׼ȥ캣УǾʹ˸ǰɡ
˵꣬ҪŻ뿪
ںû뵽˵߾ߣϼҵıȫںǾ˵ķ緶
ӣæų
һѧ֣˿Σں׳ںһɫ˽ýӣǱʦκˣ
һʱ䣬þǲ˼֮ɫ
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ʦᣬΪѾĪ⣬ʦҪǿö࣬ҽ˸Ӵ˻ѧҪһλǧ겻Ĵʦҽˣ
ʦҽµһҵȰݷѧضԳʦΪ𣡡һ֣׷׶Գ֣ɫ




549¡
 

Լֵڶ־ݷվڳߵĻɸоɡ
书µһǿС˵Żڵ鰡
֪֪׵ֵܳǻѧĵһˣо·Σ
ֳ֣ԻѧĸŸɣЩڵϳֹϼҲ⣬ûɲòš
µһһЦֻǸˣ֮󣬸˺Ҳǻѧ󣬵Ҳǲ׺һڡ
ѹĴڸڳЩѧߡ
ڹ֮ϣ翵н磬Լһߡ
һգܹշǿ硣
˱˵ѧ磬ǵںƴУֲͬԪ֮УҲֻǷǳСĴڡ
ڶѧ˼ᣬȴġµһͷں⾳磬ʵ̫ˣ
ֵܣ߰ɡתԻ˵Ȼ˵Ĺ£߳ϼҡ
ĿͳȥСӣƵ˵ʦʦΪʲôںµһ
ʦľ磬ܹģһܹͻʦܹᵽʦľ硣Ƹ̾˵
СĽ˵ʦ̫ˣôʦһɴ½죬ôܵ־硭
ǰʦǧһĴʦҲֻдĦܹ֮ȼ磬ǻȥɡ˵ţں׸ǣŮͽȥˡ
ͻɴ˷ɻȥ캣С
·ϣ໪ѧ飬֪޲
ԼĴѧֵܣҲûʲôġ
Сʱ֮˻ص캣Уͻɸ󣬱ص庣һű
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Ļ·һֻ˹èڳóٴθЦ̫ˣ˵һ㸺ġ
ǽھ͹Цĵ
΢΢棺㲻ɽôͲҪˣɡ
Ѿ캣ھͿȥ
˵꣬Ҷ˵绰
Լʮ֮󣬱
پ죬ԭŮûƭ캣Уһסڸ
ȥţֻЦӯӯվſڣȻ֮ɫ
۴һAcne studiosӵİɫСë£һĺɫϵװҶߵƮݳȹԼʱУܳгǻġ
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˼Ҷ˵۵˵
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ĿĵĵϲSɱֵڣΣں͸ĸϵϣҲߣǣ⻹гܵأô˵ҲҪúñĶ
ȿȣҲǿ㱨𡣡Ȼ˵
۽һ˹Ȼĵ˰ǿķǣʲô
˵ţ¶ȡһССİװС
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ܵܣ̣ýúñɡɫдһ˿ɬų֣¥ȥ
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գһͷ߰ĳڳıϣ޳۵ָڳϻȦȦһɫ
ܵܣԺסͬӺòã˿ĿųĲ˵
תͷЦЦĵסԵ𣿡
ûѵ¶СŮ˵Ľģıʮ㣬ʵҲ͸㿪ЦѣͬӵĻЩŮѷ֣ǿ϶Դ׵ġ
ҪסĻǿԵġζЦ
ɫһ죬ǵܵܣʳ֪ζǲǣ
˴˱˴ˣ̲סЦ
ϾԼŵġ
۴˳һǣת˵ϴνҪ㣬ЩŮѺгģ㵽ҪҪæ
۶е㲻̫뷨ѵԸһŮ˹һˣ΢΢ʵ
һЦĻȻԸ⣬׿ΤǸȢʮŵļһҿɲ뵱һǳܵĻͲͬԹǿ˶Ůƣ檣ִᷨɲһޣкܶǮƵˣͬʱӵкܶŮء
ŮҲж˼ģϾúÿƾʲôҪͱŮ˹һأȽʵ
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ǡԺȦȴûκϢ۳ĽëһգȻһЦʲô·ƭӣƭӵȦ϶αܶϢ˷ȦҿŲƭ
˵ģҲ뵽㿴Ƭģ϶ǱˡĻӦ
ֵ㿪ԺͷͼµͷȷʵŮ˵˼ֻǲϱ¶Լĳ࣬ԲһŮͼƬأܵܣҿǵ¼𣿡
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̲סЦѵһһ˾ôãįٸ죬΢ûУһ¾ܼӵ
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ΪϺܳһƭ·¼ӦҲȷ
ſȥǡԺһŴȴգ˫Щȣȵһ˿˯ۺͺ󴲣ҲԿƬŮ϶Ǯ
ΪSŮɱ֣˼ǳܣ̽ˮƽҲܸߣͼû¶ƬѰ˿˾о
֮󣬳ۻǶտ΢΢һЦôҵԵɱС㣬ʲô𣿡
ֻܴжϳŮ˵һϣҲܰǮ֮ľͲ˵ˡۻģ˵֮󣬼¼
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㵺󸻺ڶ࣬һʱ֮仹ûʲôͷ
ˣ㡣۰ֻĵϣЦһܵܣȻƭԼ棬㲻ȥ˵Ǹįٸأ
ˣҿɲƭ˷ʱ䡣˸תߵ




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˳һѣЦ㵱ܰ΢ֲҼҿģ˳΢źѲ鵽˵ʵϣԽб˰Բһ¡
ϲͲɣҾûǲҪ˷ʱȽϺá°ͷת컨塣
ۼԺʵݣȷʵûʲôȤӣת˵ˣȥλŮܲðɡ
ʲôʵ
ȻһЦȻǸúõǸȻѰϴοǰǺܲҡ
ðɣǵʱɱϷᰡһ᰼棬˵ĳЩ׵Ļǹڸղæ飬ǿɾͲ̫ˡ
һֹֻסӣЦİɣܵܣзִ磬ܲǾΣ𣿽ԿǸŶȻǼְġ
ڣ鲻ֻҪܴӦСֱӴӦ
ΪϼŵܲãֺͳϵǳʱȷʵܶΣգлֵͬӣҲ޷ʱʱ̱֤̿ᰵİȫ
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𱣻˵ֶΣ϶Ҫǿöࡣ
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Ҫ֪ҽʦǸܻгžϵǳִ˸ƷŮ˾òܺž֮£ƷŮһͨŮûеĹǣ˫۸Ƿ·ܰ˵Ļߡ
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ԱǾеԣӦóӣ
ų˵ЦҲϵԱǽһĽʺް
ȻǿɲڳǰֳҶ࿴һۡ
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ܣǸ۴˿ҲûеЦ֮ˣɫǸ
վߵһԵɳߣ˵°ɡ
ۼûֻһıɫҲ
֮ٶȿڵۣȷʵ㵱ң㺦Һͳ˵㽫ֱըĻ֣ЭϳţҲٹˡ
û뵽˴ȣͨ




552¡ĸ
 

ȻôԭۣҪΪ̬ȡ
ֻҪûйۣȻѡԭ£Ϊų
ܣллĴȣΪ˱ʾҵĳ⣬㵱ڡõľ
ԣ΢΢ְҵɱ֣ҵڣ̫ɣ
ܷģѾã캣ݾһӣ֮Żῼǳְҵɱ֣ʱڣҶԵڡɫϿҵ˵
뵽ˣڸڣ·һֲʵС
ĿͶѯԼ֮˵
΢΢һЦᰣ۶ְҵɱ֣㣬ﻹ飬֮ǰȫܶࡣ
۶Сˡ˵ԼĿǡ
ϾSְҵɱ֣Ը߰ȫ裬һܲõڣȷʵԽݡ
ȴһЦôأľ˵ڣ֮أͲýһˡ
ðɡմӦȻͬ⣬ҲûʲôˣǾ۶Сǩһݱںͬɣ֪۶СĳǶ٣
ͲֻҪܴӦסҾУҪסҵĻ̫㡣Цӯӯ˵ţζĿ˳һۡ
ȷʵ̫㣬ΪĳԲ
֪Ȼ󣬶Ҳûʲôɣ´󷽵ĴӦסҼûʲô⣬ȸ˵һ
ʱҲӺúõǸǸȻһЦ
ֱΣԸǽ˲СĳԹ
ȻгڣҲ϶ٳˡ
ǳ뵽Ůͬӣ᰼ĳ϶ܺÿԺҪȥҲ䷹
˼׽ˣ͵һۣһ˿Цѳе顣
ڴʱܲð칫ҵŴˡ
߽һŮһ׺ƳΡ
һǸưĺŮһƳβ΢΢һ㶡
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ЦǺǵĵԴӳƵĻشҺúܣʲô㣬һ¥ݶһأ




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ںᰵĹϵԶԶûе˵Խĵز飬ǿġ
ˣСԷᰵĸĸҲɣչͻȻڵ
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չϸź֮ɫȻͷһӶӰš
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֮ǰչ캣д̹ȥٴλɵø̾캣еķչٶ졣
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Ѿĸ򿪳ţǳ
СòָߵԷɣǲе˷Ǯչ˵Ǯ˳һٷҪѳǧݳ޵Ѷڳչ˵ǲġ
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ҲϽ͵ǰʱСӹҼңҲ㲻չ硢㣬˵ǲǣ
±չǮ³ǼǮˣŮƯˣԾչ׷
ҵĿͷףҲǶףչôĻ°ˮȻԾܾŮ
Ȼȴû뵽չҲӦû⣡û⣡ϲҪˣܺð
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һֱСӳºȴͻȻڣԳ˵ڿɲϲҽˣǼҵһҽ㶨û⣬ʱͬˣϣ㲻Ҫ顣
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Ըʮֹ棬˵Ŵ̡
Ϊ˵İɣҺȻ÷飬ҲŮˣףҸ
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ĺͳһμ棬һ˿⣬һƲζ
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ֲ벻޿ܣҶвǧԪչ򸾿϶ûʲôǮֻǸʵϰĳԵĴͣ
ǵСŮѹٵˡЦŻӦ
ԣȻСŮˣ
ǰСŮϰ࣬Ҫ°ܹЦǺǵ˵ţֿСҪҪٴ绰ᰣʲôʱ
Ӧúܿ͹ˡǲϼŵв·̣Ӧÿ쵽ˡ
°ˮһҶе棬ûµˣܽʲôŮѡ
¾ģ϶һ
Դӳ֮󣬳°ˮһҵʱͱúأҪǿ
캣вԷƽʱǲôѡ
ΪŮϼǮƵģ°ˮвԷ
ʮδĳ¼Ҵھӣһڳ°ˮҼԼȳչǿûɵһˬ
һߵˣһעŲſڡ
ֻĿУкüƯʸ߹ǧС㣬ǳųλ߹
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ֹ֮󣬲ſڳʵٻӰ
Ůĳ֣˲˲˵Ŀ⡣
ԣ¾ģŮһ˲䣬˫ĿŹ⡣
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һǸ߹󲻿ɱӵıɽˣһǳ˵ഺŮʾˡ
Ůɨһ۲֮λ˹




559¡ੲ
 

һʼ°ˮһһģΪŮֻǹλ
ŮԽԽ߽λãǾԵɴ۾ҳģ
ѵ⵱УһǳŮѣ
°ˮһңš
᰹Ů˵վ
仰°ˮһһʱסˡ
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źᰵĿ⣬°ˮһﻹ֪ɽŮǳŮѣ
ĸǺãﺬЦ⣬ϵı߽⡣
Ҳվ΢ЦᰣƳôҲˣ
˵ԷҾ͹ƳȻһЦ漴չͺ񣬡ĸǺãҽƳΣǱ᰽ıãͳѡ
ޣƳðĴк
չﷺֹôֶһŮѣѵԴһˣ
к᰺Ƴ֮󣬳Ѳ˵ݸˣЦǾ͵ǹˡ
治˼ǵôãӦȵ˵ġ΢Ǹ˵漴ףĸǰʲôҸǵɡ
ʲôԣ᰹ŮԼԵľСЦе˵
ûδϱڼɰĻˡ
չҲһº͵Ц⣬ӳͷˣҵôõŮѣĸҲࡣ
Աߵĳ°ˮһң᰺Ƴʸ߹ǧС㣬ǱɽŮʮ㣬˱˵ǳŮѣǺͳǾò˼顣
ΪԲһײˡ
ţ᰿ڵвһΣϴγԵĺպᡢüϺڶܲĸǾô
᰹Ůò͵㣬С͡Ц˵
Ա߲Ų׵ĳ¾æ˵ļɫ۸֮󣬰һ
⼸ɫҪǧǮˣü
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ŶϼŹȴİн飬Ϊ˱鷳͸¶Լܲõݡ
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ʮֺ棬̲סʵС㣬ϼŵʲôְλ
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ƺܵʱȣĲһ˿ɫ䵭ĵ߹ܡ
򵥵֣˸ܵһɾǧ֮Ϣ
ҼŮģһɫûУ㳤Ưʲôã̫ˡ
ԺȢؼңܵġ
ᰵĻشҲˣϼŸ߹ܣⲻͺղ˵ǼŴ쵼һģһǴţ
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仰˵ζϾְܵλѾ൱ܰСˡ
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ǰᰣֺ󣬶ʹ˵еŮܲǺϣ




560¡ȥ
 

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֪ϲ͵ڶƣ ԰ڣ°ˮһӿҲġ
ˣƳμ˵ǰұϼܲãгǼŵϯҽʦ𣿡
ƳεĻó°ˮһңԽԽ𾪣
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ΪɽܲãȻῴϳǾøӵĲ˼顣
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ϼŵܲûǳŮѣҲζţ˽֮ϼźܿܶǳĲƲ
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˵ûһĹ쵼Ҳʹ˵ţĿһۡ
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ǼŮѣδչǰ;ٹʮꡢʮܷ꣬ת°ѳչұȥ
ʱصˣҰοҲǿֻ˵˵Ǩǰ;ֻûһƲ°ˮҾѾʮˡ
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ʼкĸᰡƳһԷ
°ˮҲʼϲˣ׼в˵ʱλſڵ߽үˣʱ۾




561¡
 

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һתͷչ˵չ磬㣬쿴Ǳߣ캣δ쵼ӣ˵ԺڵӱֽϿЩˣ
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ҲǿӸĽύһж˳ų
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ʱôĸȥ庣һűϾסһ˫̥Ů
סңסˡ
ڵ֡裬ȻǱᰵ⣬Ǿס죬Ӵ
Сˣǹ϶æҺֲ뵢㹤أһֻΪӺδϱ롣
չŵСͱģǾסɡ
ʱ䣬಻٣һҲˡ
ʱŸĸ캣дССľ㶼ˣĹɽ¥ȥһ١ͥ硱
˵ϣ˵Ҫȥ캣еĽպ磬չ˵ҪȥһǰһĹѡ
Ÿĸȥպңȥ׵Ĺѡ
չ˵Լһȥˣóźȥպҡ
е㲻ĸһȥչ˵Լйѵϵʽóòġ
ˣһڷֳ·źǰպңչȥڴ򹤵ĵطһһе
պ硢ѦѦڼҡ
γĸ׵Ѧаӣպһʢķʢ
ѦҲǰҪ࣬ϸвˡ
ȻѦܲ뵽ѾбôõδϱˣҲûʲôź
ڳǳԷʱ򣬳չҲ﹤ڵĻе
ҹλнλñȽƫԶչʮӳ̲ŵ
չ·ѾѴ˵绰˵ֻҪϰͿϢˡ
ſڵʱ򣬹ȴûг
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ҹģͤһֵıʵ
չЦݵֵãһѣֽи
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չȥֻ¡¡ԽԽ󣬲֪ڸʲô




564¡ײ
 

ƵӺ֮󣬳չ΢΢ɴ۾
ֻһƬСɽһھ·¡¡ھġ
չ֮£ھʻԱԭĹѸ
ϸߣôھˣչе
ھĸϤͷһԭϹѵˣ¶Цݵϳ£ˣһ£Ͼ°࣡
ãչӦһȤĿŸھСɽ·
ȣɽ·ŸոտѣֻһھĻ¿һҪһڵʱ䡣
չΪʲôҪСɽһ·˽Կ·ΥΪ
ڴʱͻȻСٶ÷ǳ졣
չһתͿһɳ۶һæһÿ
һ̣ھҪͣãҪ͵һ7ϵײϣ
ϸСģչæ󺰡
ȻѾˣͺ֮£̣նյĲ
7ϵһӾھֱײϣͬʱҲβˡ
һϽͣھ
Ҳͬʱͣ£߳ĸŹʵĸ
7ϵĸߵԼİ֮ǰһӾײλʱһŭߵǰ˦־һƣ
ûг۾ģȻײӵĳ
٣ԲҸھͣ£պþˣԲ𣡡Ȼȸһͷ˿ȴͷӣսսĵǸ
7ϵĽ٣һеϰĶӣ˸򲻸ҵġ
˸Ļŭʢ˼ӵĴ
ҡңɫ֣̿ˡ
չһԿԼϹѱƣùѪͷ
Լ̫첻·ŵºӾײλȻϸߡ
ٲĵϸߣҰֵĳǲǣ
𡢱ңʱʧɫСģɲʧҵĺӾһǮ
һ̲סЦ
⣿֪֪¿7ϵһӾǮҪ飡ɫ˵
һɫˢһ¾Ͱˡ
飬ǿԲĸµĹʰ
ô
һýͰ͵ģС治ǮҪó飬ȫҵȥˣ
ô˵ˣĭɣӻû˵أ㿴߳γôһƬ֪޺ҪǮ𣿡
ࡢǮ촽ʵ
ʮ򣡡
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òοǼʮ򣬰ȫҶҲⲻ𰡣
ٰŪԽŭԽǣŸһƣȻ֪۾Ӹ㣬ҪǲǮĻԹ˾η
٣ι۳Ӻ棬·Ļɽ
Ϊջһ³Ѱ˼ŰѻɽһܵԺԺĸ쭳
û뵽ɽ·ûܳȱˣ
ʱĽ٣·һըҩʱ׼ը
ͨһſǻ٣㿴ҼССķϣҪҳԹ˾ϸⲻ𣬵һӸţʮ꣬
һϼһҪţʲôãҰû㣬ѾǴˣٿŹڵϵĸȴһ֮ĶûУ֮òǮӾΣ
Ҫ٣ధϣҪٿͷˡ
ʱչڿȥ߹ȥ
ϸߣҪˣչڵ
һֱûע⵽չڵĽ٣ͻȻֽʱüͷ˭
ϸߵѳչչĻش
´չһ漴¶ĵɫһũݺݵĵû¾͸ҹҵĳҲܹģѵϸ⳥𣿡
λСү㿪̫죬ײھģƾʲôҪϸ߸⳥չԴǵ˵
ЩЦˣӴǣҶ죿˵ϸײңײģϸߣ˵أ
ҡҡȻ֪ǿʶȴȫҷ
ǸСµˣҺ͹ϰĶӶԿ
չȴǺηĵү㲻Ҫˣۿģڱ뾯ͬ־
˵ţҪֻ绰
ֻóͱһѴڵء
㻹ұŲ߲ȥţٶݺݵв




565¡չ
 

չֻвĻʱɫһʲô𣿡
ʶ㣬ҹȥĻҵȻô˵
ϳ£㡢߰ɣùˣȻԳչܸмҲλõϹѡ
չҡҡͷϸߣҲߵģô죿
ʹһ֮ԩײ飬Ҳûվ֤ʱҪʮôλϹѺܾܿҪˡ
ǺֵܰЦһһתУͱˣϸһǮ
˵ţı
һǽٵæܵӺ棬ܹʮ
㡭չŭĶŽ٣ۣ취
ԼƵ£ٻôౣûбĻᣬҲͨ
룬չƽĵ٣ҿ԰ϸ߳ûǮҶҵ߹ܣнҿԽǮ
ҵ߹ܣн򣿡ٲ¶һĨЦ⡣
ôһũ񣬴ôᣬôǮˣ
ȫţĿĵǲΪɵǮûǮѵҿ
ģƭ㡣չΪýţͳһпҶ֮ǰתʮ飬Ҷûȫ档
չʮ飬һ㶣ϳ¼ôͻȻǮˣ
ͻȻϣϳܰ⳥ĻǾ͵ͬھȫңҲ˾ˣ
ȴǰŰɣչʵũתʮĻ˵չĻûƭˡ
ȰʮתңҾ˵Ļٿ֮󿪿ڵ
ֻҪһתǮ֤ˡ
չȴһΪѣ٣ҲôתǮ
ߣڶʲôʱˣתǮᣡתһȥˢù
ǣ̴Ӧܿˢ
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չԥһ£ֻܰп١
ٰпˢ֮ת˽ʮóչ룬֮ת˳ɹˣ
ʮ飿ٺѣЩ졣
չޱȵۡ
תӵʮ黹ûã͸⸻ȥˡ
һʱлᱨˣ⸻Ѳ
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У绰ӣǹЦ˵
ũ񲻽ʵ޴ȻôĸԸĽʮ飬ҪöӰæ⳥
ũĶнҵ߹ܣžҪݺթһʣο֮ʹ
չĸļʾٵˣȻϵֻʼĵ绰
֣ôǲҪҹȥ㣿绰ͷеʵ
֮ǰԼȥѣҪʱ䣬һڵȵٴλϡ
ڲʱ䣬ôʹ绰ˣ
չΪ˲öӵǣƽĵ߳˵С¡
ʲô£еʵ
չ˵λѿھСײϰӽٵܳҪ⳥ûʲôǮһҹѰɣ
˵ţ㱨һеĵַ
ãȥҲ룬̴Ӧ
Ȼ֪ûô򵥡
չҪҶϵ绰ȴһѶȥֻĵǰɣԼһˣһҴֻ߱Ļٿɲᱣֳ֤ʲô£
ǽ٣Ҿ㣬Ұֶ֣Իڣ
ڣͻȻһЦûб
ҵ߹ܣҲһ߼УȻô˵
˲䣬ٵĻˣһ߽ӵ绰һߵչǰžһһƣ
ھʹˣôΣһܺڣϸҹֺܵģ
һƣٹҶϵ绰ٻʮˬ
绰ͷѾŭҪֻˡ
Сôˣ񿴶ɫܲÿǵʵ
ѵǺֳʲôˣ
պһҲܹеĿų
ֵĹѳһ鷳ҹȥƽľ˵
æҸȥɡ
裬̼ҵžУԼȥܿܽЦЦ̫ġ
֪ڵͺܴ󣬶ֻǳչѷһЩС鷳ĻҲʲô£ֻõͷССĵ㡣
֪ˣ裬͹ȥԼպһҵȻźڰʿܣǰ˵Ǽһеڡ




566¡ȶ
 

ܵٶȷǳ죬СʱͿĿĵء
еſڵıһûĺɫӳһͨģˣѵ˾ǸũĶӣ
ȥֻȰѳסڣͣͣ
Ҳűƽϣڰʿ֮ͣͣȥ
ܿ죬Ϳ׳չһͲĹվһǾǸ׵ĹѸ
󷽵Сɽ֮ǰͣǰվĸ٣⻹ʮ
֡ôˣҲûǼ٣ֱߵǰ
չӵ࣬ҡҡͷûʲô¡
չһȻղһƴòᡣ
һǻŭ˲䱬ĸǽ٣
ңվǰһũĶӣŴҲôҵ߹ܣ
ĿŽ٣ܺãҰһǰɣ
ûӻһأǮٶųŭĿ
Сһǰǰקǲ֪ô
С٣ԼײϸߵھȻҪϸǮչϽԭί˵
չ仰Ȼжӹǲ׼ǮٶʱȻŭ˵衭Ӵ
ٻδ˵꣬ͻȻžһ˲Ѫָӡ
Ȼ⻹û꣬һƴľ޴˲ķڵأ
أ
ˤڵ棬ʹ죬ĿŤľŭ֮
ũĶӣȻô

һû˵껰ͰһֻŲȵͷϣͷݺѹ档
˿̣ɫ
ʲôײǮ˵С£Ҫǣĸױ˴һƣ
һ˱ȰƣǺܳ飬˵Լĸס
չȰƣΪӵĳͬܣͷ·ԼȰƵġ
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չ͸û뵽һͺϻһƷ٣һøأ
һʱĻ̻̣ϳµĶôô嶯ȫǺ
һֱ³Ҫϳ¸һ군ˣ
һߣ٣ʮҲȫ벻ҶԽ֡
˿̣ٱȵ˵˵еѡ
ſ٣ǶݺݵĽе
ʲôˣҲܴģ
мѾ˹
һһӣɳȥˤڵϡ
˲䱻һסˡ
ȻǸ֣
ҲĿ⾪Ŀų
ǵļʶȱǸࡣ
һ¾ʹɼԲͨˣܿߣ
ΪǼߵڣֻߣ׾٣شٽ˴ɳȥ
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Ŷ𣿡ϾվţŽͷֻȻûзſֻԼýٺڿ˵˵ô
ߣҪΪ书˲㿴ʲôǸ˵ţǴڶͳһǹָų
ͫ΢΢һ£ֻе棬Яǹģһ㸻٣϶еϵı
캣УڵѾڣɶаˣֻʣһЩͷС죬СûŪǹеġ
⸻ͳǹǰѳչ͸һ
ⱲӶûǹ˵ǹָš
Ǽ䣬չ͸ɫ֣̿亹죬ǳչȻ֪Ҳܵеùӵ
Сſ٣ǸǮɣչӲ˵
֣㲻õģһн˿⣬Ȼֿǹĸ٣ôǹ˲ͿǹԣҲýԴٶȿ죬㿪ǹٶȿ죡
仰Ǹǹĸ˲סˡ
ǮƣȷʵʶϵĴ磬Ȼ캣еġ
λﳤãһֻǹҷΪǰװƣͰǹ˳
ҪĿǹ򲻿ܵģɱ˳ﱳܴҲѰƽ
ǹĸ٣𺶢ųΪָ֣ҵǹȿ죿ٲſٵĻӾǹӣ
ȻҿǹȻѾóǹôҲҪųһ¡
û˵ڽµĽٺò˵Ļᣬĳ嶯֮¿ǹæе٣𡢱ǹ
ȻҲųٶܿӵһһɲԼȥġ




567¡Ҵ
 

ٵĻǹʵϣǹ֣ѾǺˮˡ
ٵԵһֱԹۣûп˵ƺǼĴү
Сӣָ뿪ҿԲƽϽ飡ȻڵϣﻹǺš
Ц㲻ҪҰָĺ⳥𣿡
ߣֶ£ҾҪ⣬𣿡ҧгݵĽе
һֱţǵѺʮ棬ʵ̫ˣ
Ѿ޲ðѳʬΣ
ֻСţֻüó뿪֮ٸúˣ
Ȼһ뿪˼ûУЦЦĵôⲻ𣿡
˵ţɿסԴĽţһֻץŽٵͷŽٵ۾˵˵ĳλھײˣҲ𣡡
СӣţˣٱץͷʹᶼȻ竵÷һ㶼òſңȻȥ
ҡҡͷûɿ١
Сӣٶ˵ˣ㻹֪ôλйٵĸٶȿڣݵ˵ΪĲҶ㿪ǹҼıɱ˸£
ٴͦʹ¶˰ɣٿǽǱߴĹӣʶϵĴУֻҪһ仰ÿǹ˼
Ϊ⡣
Уǵ֮ǰǲçĵ̡
ǲç̽ʱѾˡ
ҾçλлţҲη塣
Ծûֵ˼£λҲ̲סˡ
ϾǺͽѣһֱۿŽٱ衣
λ٣һźװĿڵСӣ书ĺܸߣҲͰ𣬱ΪˮƽͿΪΪˣٲſٵĻҾȥ뺫Ը㣬˼ҿǵʦƶʡѧ綼Ǻպ
٣˵úãټУٶ˵ӵˣСӣλ֪˭ʡ֮һҵĴѧĵʦֻһܼңڣ
ŶΣм
ʦ˵ܼȷʵ֣ܶҲ˵ʵǿ󣬵Զʡǣܶʲôв
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ʡߵǮƵ˶Ҫӣȴ
߸ϡͨ˲мһ˵˲䱩ŭ
Լ书绰мֹҲҪüСʱ·̣ԶˮȲ˽
ˣֻܷźݻСӣ㲻Ҫ̫ţ쿪ʼסˣ
ҵˣûк³
ٺãʡǶ˼ѧ֪ҵжôֲ
СӣٶҶײòͷˣ֪ʡҵж𣿡ٿʼֻԼסͷʲô˵顣
Ϊ󣬳Ҫ׵군ˣ
ΪȻһЦ캣Уʡǡ
ҶʶɣǿɲҪչٰʡ˵ô£Ϊ˶ӵȫֱӰ̧˳
ڳչ֪УҲһλ۾һĴУܲʡҲٰɣ
ɵ֣һȻ񿴰׳һųչ
ϴ캣˲֪˲һũĶӣôܺϴϹϵ
ȫŵġ
һư˵ʲôǰһˣ
ȫɵӣչһ²ˣȻϴס١
ʡҵȨƣԶԶ
һԵĸѾŵɫҰףû뵽ԽԽ
ѾǮµ⣬Լͳչӵܱܲסˣ
Сӣ㻹ſңǵĽб£ȥϴйţƣţƣ
ɣȻҲſ١
ˣһҲ̲סˡ
ٵѵУԽУʡǣֻ캣бˡ
Ĺϵǹٳϵģ˲ó档
ҲѾܲ˳ۣڿڵճµģʶĻͷſ٣Ǹ⳥ѺҽҩѣȻҹȥһ绰ʮΣ




568¡ǳ
 

ϰ캣д쵼С֪ʲô𣿡ټһҲ棬ˡ
˴ײ¼Σаһϵڣȫ޿֡
纮ǵĿǸһԭǸٶ
ֻеʱ󲿷캣д쵼Ķӣôûڣ
ٵϰ֣캣쵼Ųʲôš
Ȼһ绰ʮΣǾʹɣϾ˵
ٸղǾ仰дţƵĳɷ֣˻Ӧһ֮£ϳ壬̲סеʹ㲻Ҫڣ
ȻóʮĴţ֮ǳѽٴˣΪƾԼĹϵóϰٽȥ׸һ෿ȫûġ
ֱֻʼ׵ĵ绰
֮ͨ󣬼˵һľ
ٵĸףͽٵϰҲʶģѵıӱýϰǷʱ򣬰ֱһ㶨ǸٵСӡ
ţʼԼ绰ˡ
Ȼ򵽵һ쵼Ǹ쵼֣ҲǲֱͬӾܾ˰
ԣڶ쵼ĵ绰
Ĺλûôְѳ෿˱ЩнĴ쵼ﵽĿġ
Ȼڶ绰ȥЩ쵼֣·ǳηƵģʳϢ͹Ҷϵ绰˵Լﲻæ
֮ǰЩ쵼͹ƽʱҲǼķУû뵽ؼʱ̣ûһܰæѻ֮
Ȼǹٳͨﻹ֪ǲǵ
쵼ʶʳǲʶǸͲҰæˡ
ͨתضӣûĵӣҰﲻˣǸҲ˭㾡ҪýԼȥɣ
׹Ҷϵ绰һԾĿų
׶ǵ˾˭
٣ôٻڴʵ
٣˼Ұʱеæ˸ڣое㷢̡
ղţƴ÷ȴﲻѵæûˡ
ͬʱҲھĲţʲôݡ
ô˭Ҫ绰𣿡ǹϷʵЦ⣬١
ٶɫѿ÷·Ҫɱˡ
˵ıһһȻκβһͨͨĳСӣ
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ǲҪԼˣʡǽйʱ򣬳ٶȿڵȻǴˣǾֵҴ绰ˡ
ҽˣپɲִŭʵ
ЦģҲ˵Ҫ⳥ĳ𣿡
ô㶼һ˿̫߳ˣٻǲţһǸ
ֻǻ书СӣҲץסϣܷŹ
סٵͷٵĺǰʵǮ
7ϵ¿ҪһʮһӶ𣡡Ǳĵ˵ȻŰϵĹκۣʹҪ
Žٵı飬ǹŻȵİˣ
ûϸ߹λҵĳ൱ڴϹ⣬˵ܷŹ𣿡һ仰ø̲סһ
ͷ˸͸׳չһۡ
˶ٴһƣʱûס
ǳչøء
ѹŭĶŽ˵һ7ϵ㣡
һǮǿһʮ㶼ⲻ𣡡Ѿѳɵˡ
ȴٵĳóֻʼ绰
ٻΪǱ߽а֣һ֣Ȼ˵˼ĪĻǽǮƵģо棬ѵҪôǮ
˵绰֮󣬳ջֻһץŽ٣ҵŰɡ
Ȱ㻹ȷſ٣ǸǹĹٿھ
Ҳ֮ͣСӣʱ䣬֪ⲻǮڸٹµǸ˵Σ
СӣҵѣŹģɫ֮Ҳˡ
ΪʡҴ٣ȻһСӣζʲ¡
ˣͦˣɨһۣ˵
û
ܺãǵĳҲܲһɣЦ䡣
ңȫ²͸ʲô
һ֮󣬹ͻȻһɫγ߳źװȥǳְҵŮ




569¡Ǯ
 

⼸Ů³֮󣬿ǰһĻǳһ
Ȼ﷢һЩͻ
ŮֻһˣƺǸսְõСᣬûֳ棬ʱסˡ
ǿһ٣ǹʱ򣬸һ
Ǹ˿۾ˣ򶨣ǰɫ糣Ŀڵλǳ
ҾǡӦ
ãоպ¡˱ϹϾʺ
˿һ±ƣôͻȻ˸оһԳ˹
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¾ļСᣬһְŮ̲ס¶һ˿Ц⡣
ΪͻȻе㻬ˡ
ͬʱ⼸Сᶼܺ棬ʲôݣǾ𾴡
ҪֽҶˡ¾˵ţԸ£ӽγóһ䡣
ĵͷܺãǾͿʼɣ壬ȥھ
ʧ֮Уһʱ׳ʲô˼
Բݾܾ˵壬ھȻòѽٵıѹ飡
ʲô
仰Ȼ
Ҫʲô
СӣϸѹҵİȫԲ˶ߣټ˻Գ
ȱסˣվԭأĻ
ѽٵİѹ飬ԻᶪȻץη
壬ģҵ㲻£Ļ·̺ĳħһ⳥ͳеһΣҲⲻλǮ
оôֽȻ֪ϳµĶôͻȻ֮úǮһжҪпڳˣ
˵ûȷʵλǮⲻ
Ļ£Ǯ
ҧҧѾٱ·ʲôԥģĶٺ޵أټƽʱٵϰ֣Ҳǹϰѹեܲˣеķߺ޶ڴ˿̱
ԥֱھ
ϸߣң־ŭĽе
Ѿܽٵţ俴˽һ۵٣ҲⲻǮҪΣϳµĶӳܰңԲ˼ˣ
˵֮󣬸ھ
ھĲװȥһС
ž޴Ĳٵı7ϵѹȥ
ֹٱͷȴǲܲ˵Ĵ˫Ŀ졣
İĸαŮ˻Ҫ
ȻʮղѾʶ֣˿̶ȥֹ
ٺ͹ˣɫѿǸղһپвû뵽˿顣
ȻҲûгֹΪǾóǸӣвܹͣģ
ٿھĲѹ7ϵ֮ϡ
һĽĿżֵһٶĺھѹһŷ
˫Ŀø˵ҰƵģŰ飬ķ·ҲƬ
ĿɿڴĿһĻһٶĺˣ
¾һ۳и־η֮ɫ
ӵ绰ʱ򣬾ͱһ𾪵ˡ
ۼľٶΪʲôҪôֽ
¾ļС£ȫŴ͡
λصĳôǮģ
ҪǴȡôֽΪ˵ĺȻǮ
ʵ̫ˣ
٣ղ˵7ϵֵһʮǰɡɫɵִһ˿ĽһۣתԺ¾˵һʮֽң
ǣ¾æͷȻù䣬ڳǰ򿪣򡣡
ȰѽˤϣȻֽڽϣɫĮһ˿ĵ˵ⲻǮ򣬹һµı7ϵˣ
ٴסˣҲסˡ
ǳŸ
һȻǮֱԣ
ǽԼдǧʲҲôԵ˷ǮŸ
ȫû뵽ȻһλεĴ󸻺ڿ˿ȴýǮ裡
ֽȫĽ٣˲һأ
Ϊо¾Ѿ֪ĲƸ
Ȼ֪ǮԳּ൱ڷֽͬϲŲֽˣ
¾ļְСᣬѾֶסˣֻܰ̾һ䣬Ǯ棡
չ͸競ٷǮ裬ǲԳΪúʹ죡
ϾǸոտǱٺݺһơ
ȻԼͼȰǷǳ˸飡
ڳȫˣ
Ǹھѹһﶼ顣
ѹ˽ٵıޱȵˬ
ٵı֮󣬳Ŀ⣬ַŵֺ֮ϡ




570¡ͨͨ
 

Ŀ⣬ûɵһ
ʲôٳʵǹ֣ϳ
ھϹӣҲܿóһˡ
ܽһоǧֽǮϣѾڼ٣
ĿŹ٣ǹָҡ
˵꣬һȰ˲ǰסֻǹֱۡ
ϳʹòɿǹõ
һ⧲һٺˣҲɫ䡣
ͿǺͼղűϾǹ֣СҲ
û뵽ٶô죬һ¾Ͷ߹ٵǹ̶ʧȥˡ
һ߰ǹһζĶŹ٣ʵֵǮ
ɯܲÿǽӽҾ㲻Ҫٺݺݵ˵
ЦЦǰɣ壬鷳Ұˡ
ԥһ£ȻͰھɯܲǰ
ϰӵİˣǹӷ񾢱ʲôģ
гڣûʲôµġ
ۿھĲҪɯܲѹȥ־ּĽеҪ
ٺѾ׼Լĳˡ
ǳôԸ
ֻǽǹǹڣٻ˻Σ˾ͽԭأһҲҶ
˭֪ճµķӣ᲻ľٶ
ǿɲԼ档
ǣŹټֵɯܲãھɷ
˫Ŀմᡣ
İ˺ͽһ³
ֽ𶪵ǰȻֿٺ
ӣ㻹Һٵĳǲǻòͷˣ
ԼıȲϳһ
ܹ캣к绽꣬ʡ˵Ҳʲôǡ
Ͼֻ캣е޼ɵ˵ֻһ
ɼҵʵжǿ캣гɶ
ЦҷϻǵĳǮۣ
ҵ׿˹һٶʮ˰ϣҶǵĳԻڣľ
ԼʲôǰԼٷһټ϶ԱסԼİ
˿̣ɫòˡ
ΪٵĳѾܹ֡
û뵽Ȼķϡ
ѾǷֵǮ⣬ϵ⡣
ԼİĻ൱ԼҲݺݵѹ̤
δ棿
ʡδ棿
ʱǹ
ĶųճµģҲ캣жţҵķҽΪУ֪ʲô
Ŷڴšвһɫ仯ûУתھǱ˵ģ壬ɡ
뵽Ҫֵǧķھּöˡ
ȻûκԥȺ׿˹ͷܳ
¾󼸸Сᣬٴξ
һǧܳƽʱֻڵϻ־
ھǰֱӱˣ
һŮ̲סԼۣΪԼΡ
Ȼһжʵġ
λصĸ飬Ƕôķ񰡣
ٿų䣬͹١һɫȿ޻ѿ
Žŵµ䣬װһǧֽĿһٱ䡣
СӾʲô
ܹóһǧ̣
ʡҵĴӣҲǮǮǮ
òϣǮǵĺȷʵںݺǵ
٣䡣
Ȼˣǻø⳥һµĴ´ࡣ
İɵȡ
СװһʱˬʵȴǿˣʵʵǮơ
ûϵ䡣
ȻмһǧԪ
ʵôֽ𣬶˵ҲǲСĿˡ
ٲͬͨһ˵ʲԸ׼ȷжϳһ˵ʵ
ʼˡ
ѵ캣УɻҪ
ҲỨһǧ򣬽Ϊ˴ǵɣ
ɶԳûмɵֻǺܺ棬Ŀʵճµģ㵽˭˵ҲмԸ֮
չ仰һɫ
Ӻ̫ˣ
ʡҴӵķ飬λɲһ˰
öֻɵıǾ޷ʡҿġ
һеӣǹ𻡶ȵ˭¾鷳




571¡
 

¾ĻʱܳͬʱɤӣſڵǻʸҵĹ͡
ʸңʱɫһ䡣
ٲԵĵĸʸң
ĸʸңϷشӦ˵ģֻһʸң¾ᵽʸңɫҲþη
֮ǰһ֣ʵǻʸҶʸģ͸׽𿨵пš
¾Ϊоͨϵͳһ飬֪пܲˣ
Ϊֿ˾ǻʸģ
ϻʸҵĻʸģ
׽ϵͳʾĸֳȻȨޣú¾𾪲ѡ
ûпȨ޼֮ߵп
ֻҪ׽𿨵һ仰оͱ뾡ľΪ¡
Ժ¾Żôֽ
һ㸻ͣȥУֱоȡǮ
¾Ļˡ
ıȻǽϻʸ壡
壬ʡңҪǿ
ڽϵشͷĴڣ
ʡҵԷһʡ
ʸԺϡ
ֲó޿֣ȻǻʸĹͣ
︡ɵɫ
ºһĵλСͨͨˣ
Ȼ֪κͻʸύϵģͣͲһˣ
١ٺͰˣҲܿ뵽ϵĻʸ塣
ɫ䣬𺧲ѡ
˭뵽ǰǺ޵ҧгݵСӣȻǺͻʸйϵ
θţ
˵ǻʸҵĹ;˭֪ǲڻǣٻԲŵ˵
е㻳ɣǲͨʵĻʸңѹʡңԼı
һЦȡʸ͸׽𿨣пͿʶʶˡ
١ٺ͹٣˶ûϳпʲô
ǵݵλԼʶԽӴ˸߼Ķ
˲ԼͬĿͶ
ֻλʡҴӣжϳ
ֻɫٱ䣬ѿڶǻʸҵ׽𿨣
ŶֻʶЦЦ˵
ӣȷϣӵлʸı
Ѿ𺳵Ըˡ
ϻʸңǰĸ˵ıҲȫȲ
ֲСôš
ԭŵʱ
أ١ٺͰپԼֻˡ
װŰֽ䣬Ҳȥ
ﻹóǮҪˣ
ǲͬ
ͨ峤֪һЩԼͻʸء
ҼҲĸףϻʸȻǿ󣬵ƶʡʡǺǶԿȫ塣
ΪǼͻʸһͨš
ӵлʸҵĹϵϾĻʸ֮ˣվֻһ˶ѡ
ֱ˿̣ǺηֻǶмּɵ
ߣʸ˲𣬿ϧճ£һת߶ȥ
Ȼȥѹ汻֮£ɲôˡ
ѾΪУԻݺݵıȥֻǲڡ
ɽٶ뿪ˣ١ﻹҴ
һͬ߳е
ҹϰӣҲ߲ȥ
ֻϣǲ뿪
ĸ٣Ǯգú¾ʰһ£·Żسϣʱд
Сϸ߲⳧Ӵˣһ°ɣ׳չں濪ڵ
ھ۰Ͱ͵Ŀų
Լȫϳ¶ˡ
ɵЦЦû⣬ϼϰˡ
üչԭȻ캣ͷҵйϵڿԳ׷ˡ
ԳıҲٶԸʲô
ǣں¾ޱȵ£ųչ͸뿪
ȴ绰ϼ²źְλ󣬳պҡ
Ϊ˱ģû˵
պһ󣬳չͺպһҸ˵ԼҪȥˮ
˳չ⣬ڶӵ£úܿġ
֪ȥĸҲۣҲٴ죬Ѹĸͻذˮ򣬳½͵ı
캣֮Ѿʱ䡣
컹Ҫƺֱ֢ӿᰵıС
ұǰ壬ŵĲ̣Ȼۡ
ܵܣͲĸȥˣſڣЦӯӯ˵
˵ͷֻ߽ɳϢɫЩƣƺ°




572¡ļ
 

¶Ǹ˼칤æûһͲͲĸ
ûϵ㹤̫æҲø㡣ЦЦ˵Ҫƺ֢¥ȥɡ
ԣ˵ͷ
Ť欵֫Ц߹ܵܣ㶼ﵱԼ
ղǾ仰ȷʵ˵úȻ仰ɫ΢΢һ죬վȥɡ
ǹȻЦ⣬Ŷ¥ȥ
һ¥̨ȥȻ䡣
˿̵ǳרעںҹһ㺹
û֮ǰ߻ħļˡ
΢΢棬Сӵ԰
Ӧ¥ǿ˳һۣ˵֮ǰ˵ģ㵽״ӦӦ
ѽãôܸأͬѹϵֻúദЦ
һ¾ˣ϶ƽ֮ǰ飬ۡд衱һ
ֻ˵ϴ㣬Ŵ򲻹㣬ʵһ㲻SŮɱֿ϶ףΪʲôҴӦң
ʵ϶ҵĶ㣬Ե㰡ã㲻ýԵĻǾռ˴ıŶЦżܵ
һûٿڡ
ΪSɱֵʵѾúѲˡ
㣬ȫûʤ㣬ûгֵĻᡣ
飬۶ҵĺѣͲҪΪˣҺúദһغС
仰ǸĵԲ𡣡
ûϵֽ֮ǰΡܣǺҲǺġЦӯӯ˵
ˣȸƺ֢ɡ˵ţ߽ҡ
ֱӸ˽ʱеΪ顣
۶С㣬ɲԳȥһ£º촽˵
óƺ֢˵Ǻ˽߳ܵ飬õ˿
һЦֻĦһ£ܵôƺ֢ģܿԲҹĦһأ
⡭¶ԥ룬Ѿ۵ɺѣҲڣһŮˣƺһҲûʲôܾĻԵԼˡ
ΪŮǿˣõŵ£ټƽСڣͷǺðɣϣ۶С㲻ҪȡЦҡ
ôȥȡһòĲأֻϣܹտе˵
¶һ˿΢Цллǿʼɡ
˵ţɫȻĽ⿪Ŧۣ¶ƤϸС
ȥʼƺ֢
ԱȤĹ۲š
ǵһοβģһǺֲֹ֢
ڳƵʱ۵˼Ҳڷɿתš
᰽ߵţλɽ˵Ķط㣬һλйۣһʱеǷǡ
ΪתעĿ⣬ᰵĲתϣƺ飬ʵ۶ʲô
ͻȻ뵽һŶһ˫עų˵
ʵʲô飬˵
ҿƽʱôۣҪڹ˾һ죬պ죬ȥȪƣͰɣ۲תʮζĿų۾˵
΢΢һӣǺ鰡
һᵽȪ뵽ĳЩ޵ĳ
һĿƽʵᰣô
Ȫ𣿡СţĿڵûʲôĻҵǿԺһȥ
μܲûûҹĹľƣҲúõϢһ
ݹȪָоȷʵһԭеŵĽҲ΢΢չһ㡣
ᰴӦﺬЦĵıãƳããһȥɡ
ţҴʹ绰ƳΣȥȥȪֺ£ᰵȻ˱á
һλŮҪһȪĶʱһȻ
ƺ׽˼ļһ£˿񣬷·˵òã
û뵽۵ļƲô죬Գˣרĸƺ֢
óֻ˵Ǿ˵ˣѾˣ캣иһȪɽׯǾȥɣȴ绰
֣Ҳ޷ֵˡ




573¡Ȫɽׯ
 

ƺú֢֮һ߳ҡ
˵ҪȥȪȥģסȰջǴӦˡ
Щ书ҲȷʵȪһƣ
ᰴ绰ƳΣƳҲܿĵĴӦ
ǵڶգλŮǰ۰µǸȪɽׯ
ɽׯ֮ѾһŮԱɽׯŮſЦݵĵȺš
һˣĸŮȪɽׯŮŮԱǶסˡ
ѵǹϹ
ƽƽ棬ȻܴĸŮȪﵽж󰡣
е߽ɽׯɽׯûһзԱȫŮġ
뵽ĳַҵ
漴ҡҡͷڹܵôϣôȪɽׯӦòҸ顣
ܵܣʲôأۿųԳһЦ
ɿһûʲôǽȥɡ
ɽׯ֮󣬳ŷ֣ԭȪǷŮģȪŮԡ
ЦԼʶˣСûݹȪֻڵϿ
ʵĴ󲿷ȪƵ꣬Ůֿġ
Ƴοеʧı飬֪һ϶ˣ߽ǰʵʲôأ
ûʲôΪʲôЦЦĶƳΡ
Ƴ΢΢һΪҲ֪ʲô𣿺ߣ϶ʲô顣
㵹˵˵ЦеĿ
ƳҧҧݣҲŲ˵
ιιƳãҪҪҡܻõ棬ͳΰһǵĸܺòãȻЦ
˵ѣһ˵ˣᰡƳκɫһ졣
۽˵ı鿴˳һۣʮζ
ͻȻã۶ʵ̫ˣÿ仰еԲ
ҲûкͳΣ㲻Ҫ˵Ƴεɫģҧӣҽȥ·ˣ
˵߽꣬Ů
߽ȥɽׯŮ˵˼ɽׯȪһЩϣʱܿš
Ƴԣͣ½Ųת
Ȫǰˣ
ǿǻһСʱʱ䡣
Ҳû뵽òһȪ飬˵ǵȪ˹ϣΪʲôǰ֪ͨ
ķǳǳǸȪǽոջģ֪ͨɽׯŮһǸȻᰵǸ
е㱻ᰵŮǿˡ
᰼ʵ޺ùϣ
ӦҪü졣ɽׯŮСĵ˵
һ㺮˪漴ɫһЩǵȴݲȪǻطɣ
ˣǽȥݣšеɺ˵
ԼһȪţҲû˼Ͼͳˡ
λŮԶͬ⣬ϣҲܹȪ
ȪƵ𣿡ƳҲˡ
ɽׯŮҡҡͷûˣ⸽һҡ
ƳοǵɽׯŮпΪԼ˵ѣֻ򿪵ͼѯ
Ƴãòˣ캣иֻȪƵ꣬һһٶ๫أǿȥҪܾáۿڣѾ
Ƴü΢ô죿ܲóһˡ
и취ǲ֪ͬͬ⣿ͻȻڷһתЦ
˵˵
ᰡƳκ鶼еڴĿۡ
ǸоλSŮɱ֣˼άתñͨ˿ܶࡣ
ǿһ۳ЦڵܣƳκãǲĻóһŮȪ
⡭
Ůʱסˡ
ͳԡͬһȪأ
붼Ǿúߡ
Ҳ۴󵨵һ£ͷ̲ס΢΢
ǱȪֲǹӣʲôµģЦ˵ﻹȻ󣬡νģĺߣǾóԶˡ
˵ţֵɣֱҵһͬ⣬ܵܿ϶˵ˣ˭֪˵뷨أˣƱͨˡ
ԣʱһΡ
۶۶֪ͺãΪʲôҪ˵أ
᰺ƳλûӦʱѾڵҲͬ⡣
ںʱ֪ٻˣһݸȪѣ˵ûʲôܽܵġ
᰼ҲûͱЩ졣
ԼĺѶ˴󷽣ʲôŤģҲͷͬ⡣




574¡˼ɾ
 

ֱƳο˳һۣʵҲͬġ
ڲҲǶƱͨ۵ˡ
ˣҲֵòñ¶Լ˼
ֻջƳ֪һĺôͬ⣬еˡ
֮ˣŮôذɣ
֪ʵһǳصŮ
ˣȻҶûǾͻ·ȪɣﺬЦ
ᰡƳκ߽Ůҡ
ҲҪȥȴסۡ
۶϶߻İɣ۵˵ʵȪûзϣҲµöԲԣ
ܵܣôⶼ㿴ˣۼŮȥҲ
վһԵɽׯŮŮԱǣҲڰ͵Ц
Ƕ֪ˡ
ĴŮƽ⣬Ѱôõĸأ
۶డЦЦ
۸ͶһۣЦԼ϶Ҳǹԡɣڳȫ㡣
ȿȣȥ·ɡѹסͷĻȣſ۵ۣ߽и
ȫ£°һԡͳˡ
ʵƽʱй˿ͽȪ裬ǲùԡģֻҪĸŮһݣȻͻˡ
ٴ߳ʱһŮԱ΢Цɡ
ͷ֪ѾŽŮȪˡ
ŮԱһȣŷȪɽׯȻȪŮ˿ͷֿɽׯװƣȫǶȪùݵķ
ɽˮͥԺһľż֮УĽǰֺꡣ
ŮԱųһãľſڣŮȪӡ
ԵһŶŮԱ΢Ц˵󰵰ʵϰ⡣
΢΢ôڻܽȥ𣿡
ǵģΪ˿ͽȪ֮ǰҪȴɾӣȪմȾ۹ļλŮѣڳԣǵķԱϴӣһ¡ŮԱĵĽ͵
ԭˣǵ϶ûʲô۹ӦúܿͿԽȥˡ
ҵ²ܽȥٴϴ壬Ҵϴһ°ɡ뿪ڵ
뵽ϴ壬϶ҪԡģȻǰ
ŮԱһЦλС˵Ըϴӡ
ʱ֪˵ʲôãֻܵ˵ͷ
ӹľŴˣ߹ĸŮԱȫĿų
ȥɡ
һľȥ
ӳģһƬˮ뵡ڵȪء
¶ȣ࣬˷·һ´Ӷ졣
ˮ֮УĿᰡƳΡۺλŮŰɫԡѾȪţһܵģ
ͷһƬȡ
˾ɫ˼ѵһ
֮䣬оԼɾȪŵλٶ룬üŮ
ÿһλŮòʣָͬиԵɫ
ܵܣеۣЦӯӯųк
ᰡƳκ飬ֻһԡ¶⽡˾糺죬ûɵһ
ϵԡҲ٣һܵڲסƬƬѩ׵ļ
Ȫȫκġ
Ȫɽׯû׼֣ܽ˹ʵʵԡ
ÿһ۸
ȻĸŮȪԶĽܺãǿԽһࡣ
ڻȥȻ˵
ᰡƳκһ˼ӦûûϴɾӣǷԱѾȥˡ
ҾûȥҲϴ壬ǿɲҿֻ档
ѾվرȥЦܵܣýϴһ°ɣҸղѾѷԱѧˣ֤ϴøɸɾģ
Ůʱˡ
û뵽ôţô󵨣
ȻĴ󵨣ȴûɵĸһ˿Ľ
ŮߵǰóһСľϣȥʼ걳
뵽ǿţеΣ۴걳֮󣬿ڵԼɡ
ܵܺˣ۰쵽ǰһѣûƵ˵ǽȥȪ
˵꣬ҡҷٴȪأᰵߡ
һٶѾȷϣŮԶԳࡣ
ǧĶĴŮĸܶסջ
᰿ʼΪΣˡ
Լϴһ߽֮ӿʼȪ
һ̣оˬԭȪĸо
Ҷ滹ĸǳ۵ĴŮ
˿ֻ̳̾һ䣬⣬˰




575¡д
 

۾һȪĸоһŶĸŮպͻ𱬵ġ
͸ˮ棬ˮµķҲĳԼԼ˫޳ѩ׵ȣİڵţóͷаʢˡ
ڿأƳθоĿ⣬һۡ
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576¡Ķ
 

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577¡
 

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578¡ƴ
 

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579¡Ϸ
 

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Ƴξ׳˵⿪ԡϵͻȻ뵽ʲôߵ˵תȥ׼ҡ
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Ҫ㬵ת壬ȴ۰Ÿ첲ܵܣģĻðճͷǲȫԿģ۸Ϊʲôأ
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¶Ц
Ŵҵ棬Ȼ˵ˣ
̻ںʱѵһͬʱ䣬鳹תԣԸΪ׷
ᰡƳκۣҲ뵽ĵ顣
Ů˵˼Ǻϸеģ֪һŮʱܵһǿ˱жһͿ
ڻĵ϶ԳİʵǺ顣
۾ڻĵΪ
˵ĵ뷨ƺо˶˺ܶࡣ
ϡľϣõȫµͻơ
ֻȴܹⲻȥһǸȻ˵ᰣԲҲúϲͬһˣ޷ΥԼıġ
飬㲻øҵǸΣԶǺѡֻܵȻһЦ
ͬʱĸˡ
ϱúͳԼĺҲϲɽô죿
ѵֻƫİ
һʱ
ƳξƾԣѾ˼ôˣǸӾͶˣϵ˿յУƵ˵




581¡ǧ
 

Ƴã˿Ƹҡۼ˿ƱƳȥЦӯӯ
ƳȻ⽥ŨӿɲɵһǰΣδζԽ͵ͨģϴƣ
ðɣˣϴơֻջۡ
ƳεҲû
Ȼ㿪ʼϴơ
һֱһˡ
ƳϴƵʱȻҲע⵽һ㣬ɬ;˫ؼл֮£͸ƻ̲סҧһڡ
㿴СƳζ˵
λŮ棬ҲټȥˣֻܹȻɮ붨ƳοһЦǸļһ
ܿ죬ƳξϴƣϣλŮơ
һη֮󣬹Ȼˡ
ƳΣСǳ
ҮƳֵˣ
СĻǳ
Ǻ³˫
군ˣҿ϶һش˵⣬ȻѧСУƳεĶų
¡˫ֱأһ¿ˮ̵ģ
ᰡˣڴƳλʳʲô⡣
ƳοʼǺ˾ƺ󡢲̫СԴ˼Լʮ֮һǹЦݵΪ㣬Һͱ㡢黹СĸˣһͬˮУǶӾֻܾһˣ˭ϰ
˲Ųˡ
⣬нģƳ̫ˣ
ڻģŮѵˮУȾ˭һͷ۲ѵǧ⡣
òõĻַҪŮ˦ˡ
һΣԵҪĸеһ
ͷˣ
ƳΣ֪ҵ֣һͬʱĸûġֻܸһرʽĴ𰸡
ȻƳóأһ˫ס˵ֻܾһˣװûش𲻳Ļ͸ѧСŶ
ǲѧСеġĿ˵
漰˵ϡ
ɲλŮǰѧСУ̫ˣ
Ƴʮֵ˵ǾͿشҵ⣬ģ𣿡
˼롣ͻȻɫ
ı仯λŮĲеţڴˡ
ƤЦĻش⣬Ƕᵱ档
Ҫشˣ
ô漰λŮ˭ڳĿҪ顣
λŮԳԷģϣԼǱƫǸǲŻýš
ƳΣóһرģû뵽ѧСеĳͷҪش⡣
һʱ䣬ھƾ£ƳһŷĲͨͨ
ĸ˵ˮֻܾһ˵ĻβסλŮģһѡȱᰡ
һΣȫϵĻش˿ûȡɡ
ʵ⣬ֱըʱ򣬳Ѿˡ
ʱᰡը֮УǱľ档
ԥѡᰡ
ѡּӽһƳΣ֮ǰҪԾٱ
ջѡᰡ
һ˵ĸо
ƽʱúƳദڣ⡣
ʼտԼԱ¶̫ҵС
ͲƳǰɡ
ǳ磬ǺͬΣĴ𰸡
Ĵ𰸣һƬжЩᶼðˡ
ǳشĴ𰸣˵ĸġ
ԼȴԽԽԳ⣬Ҫϳͱá
ģж֮࣬Ӹӷˡ
Ƴκеʧ䣬żᡣ
Ȼѡȱ㣬ƳΪ㿪ģϾҲ뱻ƫࡣ
򿴵ÿһЩΪϴֱըѾۼ֤ѡˡ
ֻһμѡ
λŮ֮УֻΪ
ȻҲԴˣѡ
ԼǳĿҪŮˣڳռһλþͺãʲô
оеأεЦЦȻѡȵǱᰣϻȥȻˣϻȥ˵֣
ΪʥհˣƳ̲ס˳һۡ
仰ҲȷʵλŮЦˣɺܶࡣ
Цĵ˵ʥʵУ൱յıŶ




582¡
 

ͳأҿ˽仹࣬մǲݵģǸӣӣƵƳΣȻеڳݲģѴǿΡ
ۿƳ΢ŭģ̲סЦû֦ҲֱᶼЦˣſڵƳãʻǱժ𣿡
ҡҲûУղŵ⣬ѡұˣﻹҰƳཱུ˵
λŮһƳǳԴסˡ
Ȼ˵ҪĴ𰸣ԱҲʮֵĹⲻȥ
Ǻͬõ˵λŮԷģзһĵĴǷhԼ캣ѧУطѩ
Щᰶ֪ġ
ԳǴӣʲô
ƳãʵǣӹǿˣĸܵڶŮİĽأҼǿˣҾֻܵһˣҲĸԸҲŮӹЦȻȴ˵֮
ⷬᰡƳζе㷴ӦƬ̡
ۻİʾѾװˡ
ǵ޷󵨿ŵĹ
˫ۣһ³漴ֿڵ޸ԼİʵҲǿˣŮ˹ҲܰԼиЩͨȤˣԴӽ֮ѾˣǾ˵е𣿡

ᰡƳκûлش
Ǿ۵Ļ޵
ҪͱŮ˹һһˡ
᰺Ƴʱܲ
ǿǱã
ùһ̫ˣ
ʵڻĺܶũȷʵнùһ飬ڽܹߵȽŮ˵Ů˼޷顣
úͱŮһˣǻԼ˳һͶء
λŮĬֹ֪̫ԽˣʱҲǿǽܣշ
ԼһᾡԸġ
ˣƳѾˣҸϢɡڣݵΡ
ƳԳǿû˭˵ˣһһٴĻðգ
˵ţҪȥϵֽơ
ȻֽƵӰȥץֽƽǰȴôץ
£Ҳȷϱˡ
֪ƳκܺȣѵüһΡ
Ҳãϣúܹ֮飬Դס
ƳΣҲˣһطϢɡ˵ţƳδԡۣȻһ÷ԱŽһŮԿͷ
Ȼ˵ܵܣҪҪȪ
ҲϢɣлл㡣ЦЦ
¶һ˿Թ֪ںһʱ򣬺£ȻڳҪġ
ˣֻýЦǽͻط
˵ţҡҷ欵֫Ҳ߻ضõɽׯͷ
˼СƣͥԺļɽˮƽľ֮󣬲ŻطϢ
һҹ޻
ڶϣһҪϰ࣬ˡ
ᰡˣ϶ûʲôȹƵļ
Ȼеĺ֢һͰȾĻðյȫݣ
ȻҲûбʾʲô˿Ȱͻر֮ϼţʼһæµĹ
ܾûƳһ𣬴г칫ˡ
ֻ֮˶һζ
ƳֻܹûһִϵĹһݳ˱轲裬ݵϴү
ƳֺֺЦİӡ
׼ҵ飬óӵʱ򣬳ֻͻȻ
ʾȻǸϤе֣Ĵ֮£æͨ绰
ιæ𣿷ӵ绰𣿡һͷһӵ
΢ЦҲæ磬绰ʲô𣿡
ȷʵеæھ캣ûпգԸ绰ͷен˵
һڴӦû⣬мµĻͿԡ
õģǾ磬ϼŸ㡣
˹Ҷϵ绰Ƴ΢΢ʵз֣
Ҳʲô֣ҳеһֵ캣ҡЦЦ
ƳΡŶһֵ绹ܾأȰҸɻ
ʱһ࣬鲻ԸĸƳθӻ
ԺģȴǴ绰Ǹ硱
磬ȫʩΰǳĳͬѧͬ꼶ͬ༶
һʱʩΰѾˡ
֮ʶΪԵ֡




583¡ֵ
 

ϳеʱͬѧǴϲ򣬶ϲ
ˮ򻹺󣬳У԰򳡣ȴû򳡣ֻһƬɳء
ƬɳأѧУĻѧռ˶
Ѿϳʩΰ˶ҲȰ򣬻ڳѡһ츳ͬѧһֻѧӣ߱˸ССҵӡ
һֱûԼѵأʩΰŶͬѧͰռѧУɳصĻѧ˳ͻ
ߴʱһֱЩѧˬĳսš
Ȼǰʩΰһߡ
ѧǴ֮󣬳Ҳ˳µĺʩΰύˡ
ڵ֪Ҳϲ֮ʩΰɽԼ
ڶ̶̲һʱʩΰͶʮͬѧΪֵܡ
ʩΰ˳ܶɣҲչֳ츳˵Ƕ츳õˡ
ʩΰܿҪбҵٽɢ
ʩΰΪ򣬷ϸУ齨һ֧רҵӣ˳ĲμӸ¡
ʩΰиʡǮҲϲԸ齨ӣǱʡ
ʩΰö˱˭ԸһȥʡᣬЩ˼ҺӴԸȥ
ڶһֻźľܾ
˵ʩΰĶʡһʩΰڳбҵʱԸԸӡ
ʱûˮ׼ѾˣֻʵʵϸС
⼸˻ʱʱϵάֵܸ顣
ͺˣǹʱżһΡ
ʩΰ캣УǸеġ
֪Ӫһֻжæ
ʩΰͬʱӡԱݣǶϴ磬Ҫչ˺ÿԱ
ϾЩԸʡƴǷǳѵõġ
ܿ쵽ʱ䣬߳ϼŴãʩΰȥ˵绰
ʩΰѾҺһλóȥ
ܿϵص㣬ֵط꣬һһɣʩΰж֮£ס
ʩΰҲͦͳӵ֮󣬺ЦС˵
ڲҸλãϺþƲ֮ʩΰصظһơ
磬ǰҸ㵹ƣ಻˼æҲʩΰһ
ʩΰˬһЦֵܻʲô£羴һ
˸һ֮ʩΰϲɫο˵С˵ͷأǰˮ򵽴Ĵ
ڵʱ򣬳ڳ½ϸ׵İʮϣͷ飬Ѿðˮ˾֪ˡ
ʩΰȻԶʡᣬҲ飬ʱͶֵǸ̾һǸеĳһСѧܣȻôˣ
캣гɣˮݽڣ
Ƕô飡
ˡЦǫһ䣬ֵ磬ôͻȻ캣ˣʲôҰæ
ʩΰЦɿЦһھƣ̾СҲû취ˣ治鷳㣡ʡʧܣ޷ҵӣڶʮֵܸҶ첻ȥˣЩֵܣ
磬飬Ӧ˵ϾҲֵܣһ仰Ҿæʩΰü뵽һֵܣҲе㲻ܡ
ʡڶ࣬ͷǷǳѵġ
߰ȥʩΰҲֻܲμһЩͼ£׬ʲôǮ
Ҫ츳һвܳôš
֪ǰֵܣֻʩΰˣ츳һ㡣
ֻЩֵԸʩΰʩΰֺ壬ʹֵܶ츳УЩҲǴ
Ҳʩΰ߲ϸ߼׬Ǯòԭ
ʩΰϵĻжۿ΢죬ܲ˼ĵСлл㣬ֻҪԸһЩǮɹѹأʱҴֵǣŸлȻǮȥ
磬̫ˣҪǮֱ˵Ϳԡʮִ󷽵˵
ʩΰΪ˽úֵôˣǽǮ˵ӡ
ʩΰ˴֣ЩΪĵʮ飬֪Сûа취ûеĻҲǿ
ʮ飿̫ˣΪʲôĿأСǮ˵ëë꣬ɣ磬ҽһ򣬵ӴãٻҾС
һ֣ʩΰһ㶣ǼϲǺܲ˼æ˵Сòô࣬ôǮ϶Ҳð죬Ҳܽһ򡣡
磬Ϊֵܣ̫ˣһ򣬾ͺһǶӵͶʣȫùⲻȥ˵ɡֱӸİˡ




584¡ǰʡ
 

ʩΰʱм㣺С綼֪ôлˣݶ飬ԶԺƴҪǮ
磬ҲףնɹѹأϡЦ˵
ʩΰɵø̾˵СǮڣɹѹûʲô⣬ϾˣҲ֪ҵӣ츳㣬߲ʡЩ֣ҪǵܼͺˣֵУ츳ߵˡ
磬ҲңҶûڹ򶼴סЦЦ
ʵȻѾȫ裬ϾǷͨȫԲ
Ǳ̬ٶȣϵĶǶܲԱӰͻᱻš
С츳ʵҪǿģϾ㻹ᣬҵǿ־Ը߳ˣҪ͹Щֲ֪ЩԼءʩΰٴĺ׳
˼ɣͬʱְƾԼĳʵʩΰҵӣͰδزһս
뵽еѪҪɵǲʵʵ룬Ҳֲһ׮¡
ͰԼ򣬱ضȫֱǾ̫ͷˣʱֺܻܿܶ鷳Ҳ˸ߵ
ⷬ˼ѹȥʩΰȾƳ̸
һСʱ֮󣬳ʩΰתȥһʩΰٴлֵܻ˵ᵽԷ⣬ʩΰҲûŤ˵ԼӵæҪϻȥʡᡣ
ʩΰȥ֮󣬻ص˾
ʱѾ룬Ƴһ㿪˵ҪȥСᡣ
С᣿е㲻ԣ˿ʲô飿
ƳΣȥܲð칫ҡ
ˣɡѾɳϵţɫ棬ȷʵһӡ
ᰶɳϣʵᰣҺƳҪʲô᣿
ʵҲ㿪ᣬֻһϵ飬һ¡˵ƺĳЩš
ü֮䣬һǡ
Ƴιеʵ㣬ǲʲô鷳˵ɡ
ģƵĻش캣УԼУúܺá᰻뽫شʡỨвƷгȴȫʧˡ
ΪʲôƳκʵ
̾һȻʡϳѾ⣬ó˲ƷгƶʡǾôʡֹϳһͷҵͷҵ¢ʡᲹƷгǵĻش롣
㣬ЩͷҵΥİɣǿüŷ񲿸ǡƳ
ҡҡͷûõģͷҵϣ̫ˣϼſԸӮġ
ô죿ƳεҲ֮ɫ
᰿˿ãֿ˿֣ص˵үүȥǰѼŽңһԸǾϣϼܹʡ㣬óɹ
үүô궼ûԸͨش̤ʡĵһŷүүôѡ
ΣҶҪүүԸϣƳΣܹңƾǵҽʡϼҽʦãʱ϶һЩʡĴԸͶǵĲƷôͿԴƼͷҵ¢ˡ
㣬Ը㡣Ƴεһʡ
ҲͷӦᰣҲԸүүԸ
ллǡ˵ţ¶ǸȻɫʵȥʡῪгҪ㲻ȥĻֱӸ˵ϾѾϼôδæҲǿһֱҡ
ûϵ¾ҵ¡ΣĿĿᰡ
ԣһƬж
ʵһΰƳκͳһȥʡᣬǴ˴˵˼û뵽ٴα¶⣬ģȴһ˿ҡ
νң֪ԼҲԸһ˿
ָ֮Ȼ˵үүȻûüųɹʡᣬڻһҩãڽһѴǿֱӹȥӹܣȻһѻشȥ
㣬ҺͳȥʡɡƳοڵ
ᰵ˵ͷȥʡᣬʲô鷳ʹ绰ңúչұá
һġЦЦƳζһۣƳУƺӹһ˿֮ɫ
ᰱǸҩõĵַ˵һЩʡҪע֮󣬳Ƴϻȥʰڶϣĺ࣬캣зʡỨС
һ·ɻ˴үүµǼҴҩá
˵ص㣬ƳηҴҩãе




585¡֥õĴ
 

ӳģǴҩõңдš֥á½ǻϼŵ̱ꡣ
ǴµĴſȥȴյģһ˿ͶûУƹⶼƺ᲻ÿƵġ
Ƴ֪ƹⰵ˷ѵ磬ΪϼÿάҴҩõתһҪʮԪ
߽ȥһҩôһţź£˫ֲںĶԵùġ
Ƴν̧ͷ΢΢üĿڵǾСɹˣ
ûүӵĺѷҴ𣿡ʵ
˵˵ͷûҾǷҡ
үүãܵıƳΣгǼεϯҽʦƳǰ¶ò΢Цڵ
ԣӲˣôϵŮһкӣϼϯҽʦ
ѵϼѾ
ҽС˹𣿡Ҳɫʵ
Ȼûʳܵϯҽʦж󣬺ʲôϵ
ǰҴҩиҲ֪ʡȡ֮ء׳ϼŵԸ
˼ֻ˹ľü䲻ס
Ǽᰵģ֪ᰶϷǳТ˳˹ܡ
ɻˡ
˷ҵĻֻƽĻشûҺƳζҽϣͨǵҽұ֥ȥʡǴͼŵĹע֮²Ʒش
ԭСͨʡ̵ķʽչг΢΢ͷһеķ
ǵƾƳˣܴ֥õǲŵġ
Ǳ֥Ѿûй˿ͣҩ֮ǰļҽҲܵǼҰ˹ҩУֻʣͷӣмʵϰάֱ֥õת˵ţȥ
Ƴ˸ȥ
ֻһװ޷ǳģܴҩУϹš˹ҩСӡ
ϣѾдĹ˿ҩӿȥﲻͱ֥õſȸγĶԱȡ
һݣ֪˹ҩôãһ϶ѹҩã֥Ѷȿ϶ܴ
˹ҩʡͷҵ֮һԶŵʲ˱֥ãͱͺԶžС˹ͷӣȫ˼ҵĶְҡͷ̾һ
ƳʡͷҲ¶ɫû뵽ʡĵһĶ־ǿ
ϣ˵ҽܸߣҺƳΣضñ֥롣ŵ˵
̾ѧҽģҽٺʲôãڴеˣϲҽǸϲȥЧҽ
ҽβٶȣһҽҺƳҲѧҽġ΢΢һЦ
ԣ¶ο֮ɫѵڻˣԸѧϰҽġ
ǳƳζôᣬҽˮƽܸߵȥ
˶û
һʼͻɳǿϵϼϯҽʦϾ̫ˣ˵ضñ֥ĺԣٲȻһ֪ߵغˣҡҡͷĻеС㣬ҲҽѧԺձҵɣβٶȣ϶ûЩḻҽ죬˵βЧ
үүǵĻ˹Ǿ֤㿴Ƴ΢Ц˵
ţ÷үү֪һֻشҽԻ۾
ƳεĻڷȴˣ˭֥ÿ
˹ҩԴԴĿˣûһ˻߿һۡ
¶һĨЦԴȥѾü£ûһˣǵҽ˹ҩǽǣ϶ԷǿƵƣǵϹ˿Ҳȫߣڱ֥òѾôܻвҩ
ô죿Ƴû뵽ȻѾء
һ˫ֻܿ
ȴɫ糣ĵϣϰʱ䣬Ǽʵϰôû
Ϊûпˣô䣬ǲô˵ţ˿ϵıаСʱǲൽˡ
Ƚȥһ£ʵϰһۡһҲ꣬ͥɢ߻ر֥á
ƳκͷҲԵĸ˽ȥ
Ѿа취ˣһƳ̲סʵ
һЦ˸ӵɽơ
ߣصģ˵Ƴνһ䡣
ɴʼĿ񣬲ƳΣʵϰĵ




586¡ļƲ
 

ƳƾͳĹϵһﻹأ
е棬֥״һˣܹŤת棿
ܿ죬ʵϰϰˡ
ԽԽ̸Цۿȥֻ߽һŮܹʵϰഺʱС
ʵϰһֳ˷ңͲˣŮʵϰʵϣʵϰ𣿡
ǡϼ̵Ļشɲ˼ܳݡ
վ΢ЦǺãϼŵϯҽʦλϼгƳΡ
ʵϰһʱһ棬ȫǲ֮ɫ
һᣬһϯҽʦһг
ţ
ϵɫȴĬˡ
ʵϰӳԾͬʱĻһ˿óƳο϶ǿϵϼŸ߹ܵġ
Ȼǿɲ˵ϾԼ˼Ҽµҩʵϰء
ɵÿ춼øɻʵϰǿɲʧȥ
ʵϰһλŮԺ۸ˡ
ҽãžáʵϰòĴк
ɫ򵥵ҽܡ
ҽ
ҽ
ҽϼ
ǶԻҽѧԺѧ
Ŷصѧĸ߲Ǻܺã쿪ʼҸɻ˵ţʼԸʵϰҩһӺӣᵽ档
ʵϰԣˡ
һɡ߳ſڡ
溮ƳΡҺʵϰ߳󣬸оϮ塣
ȴڰϣȻ
㵽ҪʲôƳΰѲϵĺɫΧøһЩ΢ʵ
ѾƲߣȣѿǹһĨЦ⣬ϼҶŶİ˹ҩУſɤߺȣ˵֥óҽֻشѿȡҩ֤ҩͯۡ
ʵϰһɫѿ
Ҫصѧĸ߲ߺȣ˹Ƕô飡
ģԻᱻ˵ɵӡ
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588¡
 

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ǵ֥ԺķչԽԽãҲԽԽ࣬Ȼһֱ
˴ڡɽ롱ƤëҺʵϰǿԸɵβǺġ
ƳΣҪҪҲѧһҵû̴ӦҺʵϰƳʵ
ƳԼĻ츳ȷҪõö࣬ԳҲѾãóҲͻشðֻҪԸ⴫ԼĶ
ȻԸ⣬ֻҵĶȽѧͿǵˣ΢Ц
Ը⴫Һʵϰȫһϲ
ǳŻûп˵ļ϶򵥸˴һ㡰ɽ롱Ļ
ƳȻģܿԹԵϰ
֮ǰҲѧֻǺܾûãѧԳ
ʵϰѧУѧϰĴ󲿷֪ʶҽȫĽڣֻܴѧ
ٽʱ䣬ԽԽ࣬ʹһʼæµ
İ˹ҩУϰҽվſڣű֥õĿԽԽ࣬лǵϿͻɫЩÿ
ϰ壬ȥ׵ӪҵҪ롣ҽǵ˵
ⲻϵҩеӯϵս
ҩϰЦһģ첻죬֥ÿ϶Ŵ󼪣
ҽԣľʮֺ档
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ݷǷƺĬƵģͬʱ
΢΢üǱ֥ãʲô飿
ҾӵͶߣ˵Ǳ֥ѿȡҩɶ⾺ΥΪҺͼͻ᳤һ¾ⱦ֥ãԾֳʮ˵
仰ƳΡҺʵϰʱһԾ
֥òŸոմȻҪ⣿
˲Լͬ뵽Ͷ֥߱õ˺ܾܿǶİ˹ҩУϾ˿͡
ɫ˲ȥѿȡҩֻǱ֥õӪֶΣ಻һڣͻ¿ʼշѣҲΪǶ⾺
ǲǶ⣬˵㣡ԾֳҺͼͻ᳤Ѿǩ˲ļӽ쿪ʼǲٿӪҵ
˵ţѲڱ֥ôϡ
ԭʮҩĿˣҲԾֳͼͻ᳤ŵܳȥˣ˹ҩжȥ
˹ҩеĿˣҲһĻ׷
ǿ֪֥ÿ϶ʲôΥΥ飬Լûиȥҩ˵ЩҩģԲŻᱻ⡣
ҩϰЦʮֵ⣬ԶΪʡͷҵ֮һȻǿ󣬲һʱ䣬ֱӲ˱֥ã
֮Ծֳͼͻ᳤ҪȥںʵǲǺԶģ
ʲô˼ԾֳͷüŷңǱ£Զ޹أĻֱӸزͶߣ
Ծֳ˵꣬ͼͻ᳤ﳤȥ
ô찡Ƴɫ
֥ñĻϼŸʡ֮ˡ




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Ϊ֥ˣҲܸųҽѧϰˡ
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֥ñ⣬ζҲʧȥʵϰ
˺Ƴһֻ۰Ͱ͵Ŀų
ɫһ仰Ҳû˵
ȻǺԶų֣ϼŲܶԿˣɣҰ̾
һֱȥϣͨҩͨʡгķġ
ΪʡҽҩгͱԶͷҵ¢ϡ
ϳŵĸʡҽҩгȫԶռݡ
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ǷҪ罣ڳ֣
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ôֻĳˡ
ֻǳˡ
ϴνлʸǰȥɽ׿Լûʸ踲ϳţѾǷ½顣
ȻӦڿ䣬һֱûʵԵİڡ
α֥ñ⣬ҲҪ뽣ڳֵĻԺ󽣻ʲôֵȥæ޷ܾġ
ԥ䣬ִСͣ
ƳΡҺʵϰ⿴ȥ
ֻڱ֥ſͣĳһǼӳֿϣһǾɫճ
ƺ˵ݺܲ򵥡
Ŀһ£ѵ⻹иĳͷ
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ҹǰ캣庣һűˡ
л󿴵־Ӽճ΢΢һôôɣˣ
־Ĳ߽֥ãлŴŽȥ
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ɫĻشҾǣ£
ƶֲ̹ܽ־Ҫ̸־Լݣ졣
ģڳʮ־ȡ
ƳΡҺʵϰ־ҲܳԾ
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ҺʵϰԣƳε뵽ʲôΪ
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лݣʡĴ쵼Ҫ
л֣ȻǶҪ£Ǿһ̸ɡ
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ҵ̹ܽ٣ΪʲôУҼǵ㲻̹ܽ𣿡һʡ
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ŶǾȻ֪ʦ֮սЩ˵
Ȼ֪ʦ֮սѧʢ£ҲܶԸӰĴ£½عʱ򣬾ͶйעҰĲһֱԻΣû뵽ȴλʦˡ־͵
һԵл󣬸˵û½пܶԻΣҲάֵصעĿ꣬ҳҲǺʦ֮սйأ̹ܽ˵ɡ
־ͷ˵ѾһλʦϷиԱƶֲӵ̹ܽ٣ҲϣܹϷΪĵĶ
־ôһñҡҡͷҶʲôϷУûȤ
⡭־Ϊ̴ӦϾĻᡣ
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һˣȻ׾;ܾˣ
лԭܵģӦ־룬ܾһ
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ңͻȻһ顣
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л֪һλʦӦһΣѾǳѵá
Ҳǿ̴ӦǾ˵ˣҹϵ⣬ȡΪǳһεĳŵ
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л绰ʱ־֣ͨˡ
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־¶΢Ц֣ҳ˴󣬲Ըزӽһгͷģҿ϶ȡᴦġ
ǾͺáɫҲһЩ⣬ʲôʱȥƶֲӣϣԼ
ʱ䣬Ҫ֥õȻʡᲹƷгϼʡᣬǾ߲ġ
־΢΢һ㶣֮дһ˿߲ѵ˵ãͰ˼ϣܾΪ꿪һֲӴǰ漸꣬ƶֲӣһֱǵ׵ġ
ģҽʡߵ⣬һᾡȥͷ
־룬ֵʡʲô鷳Ծܸ˵ƶʡһЩġ
ÿɷĿһ䣬鷳־Ļôȥֲָʱ䣬Բֹһˡ
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ƳΡҺʵϰǼ˳¶ɫ
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¶һ΢Цţ̸һЩҪ飬⣬λлֳӦǽ֥ñ⡣
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˶ʱһϲɫͷĵɢ١
ԭǻûʲôά֣úأڿŵǳ󣬾ȻʡṤ̶Ը㶨
뵽лֳô˵ʵҲܲһ㣡
Ƴ֮⣬ҺʵϰԳְθ˼Ρ
Բֹҽô򵥣
ЦЦһ֥߳ôš
ܿ죬һµA6L˹Ծֳĳ
ƶʡҽҩ̻ļͻ᳤ûǰлղŲûд绰
ֻԾֳ³̶֮ЦݣӭųлǸѽǴˮһ˲ʶһˣû뵽Ȼлֳѣǰ飬ˣҸϵĵǸ
ԾֳϣԺ¶Щǡлɫ˵
ҲûԾֳɫֻĵԾֳ˰ѷȡ
ϽȡԾֳæӦͬʱֹţôᣬͻάƶ־ֵлֳʶ϶ҲʲôҺԾֳ˵̫ûˣ
мȥ֮Ծֳע⵽ߣһλȲˡ
һݣλǴﰡ
лֳλǣԾֳ¶Цݣʵ
л󵱼λƶֲӵ̹ܽ־
ԭ̹ܽ٣Ծֳæȥ
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Ծֳ֪࣬ݵӴǺģЦǺǵʵ̹ܽ٣ʲôʡˣ
ƶֲӵ̹ܽ١־ɴĻش
Ծֳԣɴ۾𺳲ѡ
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Щ˿ҲԾֳԽһĻҳҽһʱ䣬Ҳһ
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ҩϰĵȥʾһºܣǱԶţСӱٴܴùǵĿɽ
˵ֻ꣬ʼ绰
ҩϰ˵󣬵绰ͷΪԶҽҩֹ˾ܾĺܣһŵı飬ҩϰ彻䣬þţɫĹҶϵ绰
ֱӸԾֳ˵绰ֻõԾֳ̫ʽĻظ
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ҽԸ֥ҩùĺ٣н꣬ʡҽҲϣ׷õĻƽ̨
룬ֻпԼƸԴڶΪпƸҽ
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ܺãȥѧУܲ
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ڶϣԱһشʹһѻشڷڱ֥۵λá
ܿп˽ˡ
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ȻǳҽƵģشʲôЧǮ
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Чô𣿡
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΢Сı飬
һҵŮѧĻ֮󣬰ҽſڵݽܼ򵥣Ǿǡҽαѧҽ
ҽһ仰ˣǧ˵Ľݽңһ궯
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ȴûҽҽһ̨͸ⳡᶨ˿
ʲôҽᣬҽдᰡ
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ݽûһѧѧϰҽġ
ҽΪαѧڴ⽨š޿ѧݵƷ͹Ŵ伮ҽβǿѧøִȽ豸ϽĲݣԴ˶֢ҩҽڽһףѧ˵Ϊʲô麮ʪȣϢ˳Ǻұ˵ʱҪҽνҽĻӦôӻĻ޳ܵҽѧĳЦ
ҽһݽڳѧĹ
ҽ˵öԣ
ҽαѧ
Զѧϰҽҽѧɣ
ѧҵӦҽĵͷ
һŵҽҲ¶־Цݡ
Ϳҽǲ˳ˣѾʱҳۣñУ
ҽҵģ
ҽãôǧѧͻվҽߡ
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ڶŵļҽһʱɫˡ
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Ҫ֪ҽĻչ˼ǧ꣬ߵĶõĴ··ֱڻһЩƫа˵βôŷҽĴ˵ũٲݣʵĻũͱˣôܳԵһϣͬѧǣ˵Բԣҽһ⣬İ˵
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ũٲȻпųɷ֣Ҫũ¸ҵҲǻҽеἺΪ˾ôܱҽۣ
ҽũǱȵ٢ʱЩҽȱңΪǻҽޱ貵ҽѧ֪ʶɹֵհ𾴣ôǵľҽĻִŴ뻪ģڴ֮ǰڶҽβϣ㲻Ҫ棡Դǵĳ
ҽһҽѵ⣬һϵˣǼ¶һĨЦ˵оһʧԲԣ
Ȼ֪΢΢죬ܻĳϵûһҽżУһΪʮ롯ִֵҽѧѧϰоϧҽۡ
ҽԣЦʮϷʣʲôʮ롯翵ĹŴ˵˭ţǱҽżòǴӵ̯İɣ

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һŵҽǣ¶֮ɫЩҽżصݣһֱܵҽѧĳЦ
ǶԼȸе
վ̨ϣɫ࣬ȻԼҡһҪоʮ롱磡
ˣ֪ĹʮоôˣҽŪʵ




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ѰҽĻ߷磬ֻ΢һ¼عʮĹŲᣬͷʧȻаҽиġɽ롱ȱ档
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600¡
 

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֮䣬ҽͷͱжһء

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ҽоԼͷһηиϣ˲ŵɫҰףѿڽе
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ЩҽѧԺѧǣҲת䵽˳һߡ
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602¡
 

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ͷܴ󰡣
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ȻԷݣ˿ӣԭǺԶŵˣ£




603¡
 

˵ע㣬̸ңŮ̵Ŀڵ
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һ֮󣬱ʱܿ쵽ˡ
ʩΰİˮӣķӣ߶Ավ룬ÿɫš
һ±ý
ⳡ߶Ҫϵܷ
˵ҪԸǲԶˣߺһһ´CAӣʱǮʡ롣
룬һû̵ս򣬶ȴյĿһϣһģ
ӷ׷ͶӵĿ⣬ѾͨĿУֻ֪һԱ
һδôɵģװʲôȰ
±ٹСӿ޵ģ
Ž͸мˣľٶɵȵı֡
ʽŽȻɢɢģӰʿ
Ųһ죬ʽʼ
ƾžտĴɣһ·Ŀ񱼶
Ϊչ˳ʩΰڳͣгǰ棬עطս
û뵽һ磬Ȼһͻʩΰ׷ߴУס
Χſ죬Ѹٰ򴫸һѣԼȫٶͻˮӵĽ
ʱֻʣһʩΰΪǰȫ˷
ѼѾվλԽλһŰ˹ȥ
ˮӺİС޷˸һͱײˡ
ӣϾγŽԶԷǰľ档
һ˲䣬ӵӷڣźţƣ
ԭڹսŵļ̽׷վժīĿ¶Ŀ
ˣʵ̫ǿˣ
ĲĴ򣬳ڵٶȣֱһǱ޵̳ǣ
ڣͿˮƽôˡ
٣䱬ϣһԱ˷ܵĴС
ʩΰȰˮӵԱһֱ³ǧ֮һʱֻ̣üһ뷨
군ˣ
ûκκķأֻһŽԻᱻţ
˶˷ܲѵʱ򣬳ǺϾ·͸Ƶġ
ʱ˻װƣô
˼ȫû˼ȻҪĿţ
˾óװƣҲΪǱɵˡ
ʩΰѰֱЦ
ˮӵĶԱǶɵˣ׷
ֱʩΰѣĺƴ׷ȥ
֪ԲָţԼס÷ŵĻᣡ
ɹ̫ĳЦҡҡͷ
оаˮԱ׷Ҳٳɣѽֻ10׵ʱ򣬺ݺݳһ䡣
һɴƶٶȼ뼤ȥ
ΪҪŽǶȡ
ٶȣó
Ȼһ̣ȫĿɿڴ
Ϊ֪ʲôʱѾдһֻȵץסշ
ôܣ
˲ɵþֻƳ¶һĨÿЦݡ
İһֲȴúţƫƫҪϷŪһ
ûܿٶȣ˶ô¡
ع󣬴Ҷһûɡ
̫Ȳ˹ʺ˵ȵȡ
ƾĽŷƲһŽš
һץһֻʳָǰҡҡɫ˲ȥ
⣬Ӹղһֻѣºݻתȥ
ղһȷʵ⣬ΪоԼؽˣûʹȫó˵ȫʵˮƽ
һ׼ޱȵʩΰĽ¡
ʩΰһ£ŷӦ԰Ȼӵô׼ѵЩû򣬸Ͷˣ
ס󣬺һǰϣӵŷͻȥ
ȻڰˮֻͣǰϣûͱӵϷˣʩΰŵĻᶼûС
ŷӺϴ򣬺ְܿ볡ŵ¡
¶һ˿ЦؿСӻôصס
ʩչĴɣٴͻưˮӷߣŵĻᡣ
һΣȽߵУ߳һƴճ䣡




610¡ʺ
 

һų䣬ȻǽǶȣӵ˼£Լôû߳һţ
˿ǿٶȣ͵ޱȵĽǶȣͬһڵϽǺȥ֪һ򣬿϶Ƚˣ
ӵҪףȻͻȻ֮䣬ǵĺ·סƵģʲôӲı˻ȥ
֮˾Եɴ۾ޱȵĿų׼˵ǿֵֿ
ȻȵأҪж
ðΪˮΨһԱƳΣ̲סȸԾг
Ƴ峺ŷӦ
һſţȻˣ
ôܣ
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ʩΰİˮӣȫԱһ漴̲סƳһ
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ԭֻΪ黳һʽġ
еְҵԱʵ
ղųйЩŴʦķ緶
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Ѿ׼ȷİ׵ʩΰ£˵
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ţŽ׸һ󴫴֮ٴĽ¡
أʩΰС
֪ż߳Աÿһηء
򣬱ˮԱǿأȨߵԱؽ档
ʮӵļᣬѾȫðͶϣڴŵĻᡣ
һΣû̳䣬ǽֱŴȥ
Ͳų˵סԶ䣬ܷסš
ܶŽԷԶмĵãȴױִο
ԼĴţҪγһʺȻɵţ
ӺͰˮӵԱۻҵĴŷ˻ϲ˳
ֻΪŽĳһ˷ţҪտԻĽŷԱ¶Էס
֮ڣѾǰ˵ľֻһײ
ǿ󺣵ţһ򣬶Խš
ȻûôڰˮԱϵ֮ǰҪͻƳȻţ
ؿô¶һЦ⣬ŷȥ
Ϊٶȣֻ֮䣬ܰѳ˦
Ȼһ̣оԼǰȻһӰŵɴ۾Ȼǳ
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ˤ˸ʺ
УˮŽˣȻߵ٣
ӵԱ׷׿顣
һֱ֪ûºڽţȫӵԱ
СԲˣ߹ʩΰе
ˤöԷһ˻طǽĺûᡣ
ȻûʩΰĻԼƵĴӵİ볡ȥ
ʲô
ȫԣʮֲ졣
һŽȻԼԶţ
ǶԼӣǳ顣
һȨֶߣŽ϶طֻĿš
˾ϵŴʦ顣




611¡ʧ
 

ŽԶԼšܳģ޼ģϡӡţżһѣԷǰ档
ۿųѾѵҲҪѧӡ
ˮӵĺ׷׶Գ˵򽻸ǰɣȥţ
žУҪ仰˶ˡ
ȻҪ
ӵԱǣоԼӣˡ
ԷһŽܳǵʲô
ǳ׵׵Ϸˣ
ͬʱҲΪɵӣúţܳôֻҪŵµ򣬷ӾõһŽ
СС㱳󣡡ʩΰͻȻС
ΪѾˡ
ˤ˸ʺ˿Ѿ߳ŭĿ¶֮ɫ
һ˫۾Ķסŵµ
Ȼǰ治ڣŭһ˹
һȴǲΪ⣬·һε˿ߣĽŰһֻһӰεĸųĽŲǰȥɶ㿪Ļ
ʵ޻Ĵ򲽷пϡ档
ļ̽ȴ׷׵ɴ۾ĿתĶųĽŲ
ҪѳļɿøһЩжϳĲƽӹǴ˵еķ豹档
ʧܣԲģܿվ׷ȥ
ٶȣȫģûдһ㣬ˮӵļס
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ڣ˶ֳٶȲˣ򱻷Աһ·Χ׷½أٶȾȻû˿ļ
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С򴫸ңʩΰ˷ܵĴС
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ʩΰһЦ磬ţ
ʩΰһҲҪ뿴ŵļʲôˮƽ
һԱܾͨܶɣóŵͬʱżҲû£Ǿ̫̬ˣ
ʱӵŽѾںüƣ˰빪˫ſȴš
ȻڳУŽ˵ͬ
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ƽƽһǳ䣬µȴһ˲䣬·ʧһ㣡
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ৣ
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ӵԱѻȸһƬš
֮ǰ˭뵽ǰˮȡý
ǰĳ־ŭţղһ֪ôġ
ǺͨһţΪʲôô
ӵĶԱһɵʩΰͰˮԱ׷ܹסɫϲף
̽Ѿ޲̳ѳнԼˡ
ƾһŴ䣬Ǿˣ϶δĻǣ
ϣŽһ·򣬺հо볡
гϢʱʩΰͰˮԱǣ׷ʳôͻȻ֮䣬ôģ
ֻǵһЦʾԼ͵͵ȻὫԼ˵
ƳδȻЦ⣬ݿȪˮҪæ
˿ʮĽŮܵǳ
ҳûأҲôҾþ顣
ôҵ˶ˮǷǳġ
ղŴԼŷȫϮԷξ㹻ͨԱˣһκûܲǸе˼飿
һߣӵԱǣԶԶĶųһľ졣
ôˮͻȻһ֣
šţͨˮƽԶ֮ϡ
츳ߵԶܺͳȡ




612¡ڽ
 

ȪˮȲȥˡ
Ůѣ˳ۡ
ΪɫŮ걬
ݣСðģðѿȪˮƿһӡ
һԱСĵȰο٣°볡˵лᣡ
ʵױȥǼսĴ̽ﻹܿ
СһţƷ²ҪֻǱԷһֻҪС³°볡϶Ӯܿһơ
Աʱ¶ɫ磬⡢̫ðɡ
ʽԷԱºڽţǻ۵ġ
ôѵ䣿֪֪ⳡǷӣжҪݺݵ˵
ԱİֹǶٱȽҪɣ
ˣֻòĻ֣滹ƴ
˸ºڽţȴûκκô˿
ӵԱǣҲֻҪٲǾͺá
ɣ˭ܰСӸ³Ҿ͸˭һ顣ʼǮˡ
ҲǮССѣһѾ㲻ˡ
Ǹһ飬̽ѡϵĻǷǳֵõġ
ôԱȻܶ˲ΪһðգмҾƶĶԱѾ
ֻһû˹עСһκڽžͿõһ飬൱㣡
ܿ죬°볡ʼˡ
Ǽƶѵı飬֪Ǻһ飬ǲɵ¶յЦݡ
ٸߣҲºڽţǰˮӵСӴô
֮󣬰ˮӵԱֱӰ߸ŴĳǸղгϢʱõġ
Ѿޱļˡ
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ۿųԼƶʹ˸ɫ
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㣡
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ƶѿɫȴǲһӦˡ
ǸղŶԳ½ţԼĽȴ·𴥵ƵģﻹҶԳʼʩ
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ˣ̲סһǮ׬һӣ
ٴͻƷߣţȻѾԸٶȻصţ
ҧгݣų۵ӹһĨɫ
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һҪѳȥ
һķɲųСȶ
˶һ
͸ղһ㣬ѡĺڽӲӲ
ǽʵЬϳСȣ˲䴫һ΢Ĺ

ӶģǳأĲҽ
ȻסԼɲȥĽţʹ֮ʹ亹ֱðĿŤ
Ҳһۣǰ
ȻºڽţҲۣ
ղǼºڽŵķԱֻʩͷŹһ
ͲһˣͶŰļһʮ
۵糸㽫Է볡һλû̧ų䣡
޻ɵһţȴע˳ͬһųڵֱֱš
㣡
ͬƳαǰ˵ñϷ
ʩΰͰˮӵԱǣ׷ܹף
ƣⳡ϶ˣ
һߣѾʹõ̧ȥ
ºڽ˵Լֻȡ裬˱Ӧ
˲ʵľٶӵԱʿҲ͵˼㡣
Ҳٴ߻ԼţƳ˵Ц죬ҪожС




613¡
 

գȷά㣬ӵԱǴͷɥʰװ׼ȥ
ˮӵԱ϶ϲɫԭΪıȴΪĳôʤ
ʩΰŶԱ߹лͬʱһֱǶĻڻ磬ֱս޲ʤһ·CAˡ
ʱװĵ̽Ҳ˹϶ְҵ΢Цѹ˷ܺͼ
ΪǼҪԵģһδĻǣ
Сӣղߵʵ̫ˣһװԵĿ޵
ȴûеĴݣ˵£
ǻӵ̽Ƹδմװ𾴵˵
ҽгҶԼӣûȤɴľܾ
װæ˵ȲҪžܾǰƶʡAӣΪṩԽĴнʮ򣬾ͺǶǰһнˮƽٿһ¡
ǻӵ̽ԸΪ㿪нʮĺͬһλ̽ˣͬʱ˵һλ̽һۣ·˵ʮнĴҲҺ
䣬̽Ҳ׷׿ڡ
ǻ̽ҿǾ㿪һн
ǻɳ̽ҿһٶʮ򣡡
̽·ƵģнԽ̧ԽߣʩΰͰˮӵԱǷ׷զࡣ
ôߵн˵ֱˡ
滹ûߵķԱҲĽѣߵǺðдƸ룬ͬϣ
ҧгݣЩͬӦģ
ȴȫóˣ
˸ź⣬ȴ޿κΣֻĿš
ǰԼ⳰ڸ߷߽ӣϹѵʹһ̸о˻ܡ
̽ǵĸнƸ룬Ϊ⣬ҡҡͷ˼ǿߵнҶûȤǵӡ
̽ʱѵıߣǵӣҵʵǿֲ
ʱһֱĬŵΨһһŮ̽ժīˣǺֲ̫Aӵ̽ΨԸӵĻδл̫϶֪Ϊ̫Աζʲô
Ȼ֪˶֪
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ÿһԱǧ
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ÿ˳
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ܹ̫Ļǧ̣λǽڽʱ򲻵ǰˮ֮⣬ܿܳΪ֮⡣
ôɾûˡΨһֱûлشĳе㲻ˡ
һӶ󲻵ĻᣬȻûӦ
Һֲ̫ӣţΨǷҪеɡ
ϣܹԼ֪ڵܺãԱ츳˵ıȱȽǣЩ˲Դ󣬷ϧܹӵĻᣬÿ̿ѵֻս̫ӣһ⣬кܶ츳Աӣ죬صΪһ˭֪᲻ðһ츳õԱ
С㣬ֵֻӮһʵϣҶԳΪְҵԱһȤûУ㲻˵ˣĻӦ
Ψ˵̬̫ˣ˳ȻҲɫ
㡭ûǶ࿼һ£֮ǰԴ绰ҡΨסûԼΪְ̽
ʩΰһźʵСĲ򣬳ΪְҵԱ𣿡
磬ֻҵȤˣְҵԱǺ۵ġ΢΢һЦ
ΪְҵԱÿ̰ڵѵǵöȤ
ΨˣȴҡҡͷҪǻĵԱô룬ǻһҲ
˵ţӿ﷭һݱֽ
㿴ǶӣúӮǺ̫ӣܲɷʱʴʣ˵һˣԶǸĶ֣Ϊһ츳ˣѵ㲻뷢ͼǿΪ𣿡
˵ĿⶼۼΨıֽϣֻͷϵŸԱԵķ̸˵Ķǻ
ֻǿһۣ˾ú޲ðѱֽ˺ˡ




614¡һڳ
 

ֽͷ棬мǶԱ§ŻŮӳҹƬЩŮһϲͺںšŷ͡˸ǰЩŮ⣬ȻĸԸԱŪ
ǶúӮǺ̫ӣǾģϰ绰Ƕӵϰ壬ٴһ޳ܵǶϰ壬ȻҪһڵĳѣֱ̫Ψ˵ˡ
ҲǷǳǶӺֲ̫Ǯ
һʨӴ󿪿Ҫһڣ޳֮
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ΨشȻûУϰֲԩͷΪ˺Ƕٴһ͸һڵĴۡ
ˣеźǶϣ̫ܺٴһһѩǰܡ
ôøȫʤعǻȫˣ
С㣬ֻҪǶһڳѣܺǴһʱɫĿڡ
ΨͷԸ˵޳ܷ񣬸һڳѣǺ˭һУҸԱɷõʱҲ˵仰
˵ţָָֽϵһС⣬һСβɷãǶѾ߱黪޵֣ǲκӵս׼عԸһڵĳѣһ
棬Ƕӵϵ绰
۵绰룬Ȼóֻʼĵ绰
˶ʱʮ־ĿųѵԼսǶӣ
ʵ̫ǳԾˣ
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ҪһڶԳ˵Ҫ
ͨȫǮ˵ӣ˵һˡ
ܿ죬ͨ˵绰һŮ˵ǸǱ׼Ļ
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ڣǶӵϵ˰ѳҲǰ绰Щϰ塣
һڣǶӴһżɽ˵
Ů˵ȣ֮ǰ绰ģҲ˵ԳһڣȻȴ޷óôǮ
ǶӴȥЭǩͬȻ󽻳һڸЭûЭ֤ˣǲŻӦǴһŮÿһ仰Ÿ߸ϵĿǡ
Ƕϵ˵ĻĵҪںͬϼһ㶫
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ĵǶĻҪһڵĳѣҪȫԱǻǸ
ΣǶôܻŮΪǲģҶϵ绰
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ߣ㽻һ˵ɣ绰ͷŮ˽ֻžһˤϣȻ󿿵ɳһ˵Ļϰ壬Щĺ÷ûǮҴɧŵ绰
仰˵Ǹ
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ʩΰͰˮӵԱǣԴľ
Ψȼ̽񿴷һų
Ȳ˵һڣ۰ˮӺǶӵʵ࣬һ죬һأ
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ߣȥЭǮǩͬ˿Ѿ¶ģǶӾôʤ飬ݺݵһǵ档
Ƴǵס֣Ҫ뿪
磬ǰˮӵĶӳҲһȥɡͷʩΰһۡ
ʩΰڷ㶣ĻŵʵСҪȥ
磬㲻ҵʵ𣿡ЦЦ
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ˮӵĶԱǼʩΰ˷ܣһʱ䶼סˣôӳͻȻҲͳһ
͹ŵŵǶӴһʽ붼룡
Ψ̽ۿųƳΡʩΰȥǾ֮£ȥ
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ˮԱѳҪǶԼ˵󣬷ӵԱǶʱҲˡ
ǸӣˮԱĵ뷨
ǰСΪԼе츳֪ߵغˣǸ׳գǶǮҪ⣡ǻҪ˿Ц
Ѿڵӻǰô
Ƴκʩΰˣ˳⳵Эܲ滹Ψȼ̽
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ʲôǰ̨ΪԼˣ˼ǣҪһڵĳѣǶӴ
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⡭ǰ̨ԥˡ
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ϸôκʲôʱϹ󣬸˵ǫ
Ѿ绰ǶϵˣԷӦƽ˵
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õ֤ѣҲùˡ




616¡ǩͬ
 

ⶨúֲͬһ飬Ȼ绰Ƕϰ壬ǩ֡
Լ˰Сʱ֮󣬴󸹱㡢װƵǶϰ壬ŮЭֲܲİ칫ҡ
糤ãֲЦæӰ칫߹Ƕϰк
ȻĺӣֲȴһҲҵ
糤Ŀֲһۣɨ칫һȦƵĿڵĸҪǴ
Ůֲ֮Це㽩Ӳ˵ǻеİˮӣλӡ
ֲĿ⣬糤ȥᣬɵĿ¶֮ɫ
Իĸֲϰ壬˽⣬δϰ塣
ֲѾһڵĳѣ糤Ųʵ
Ůķ룬ֲͷǵģͬѾãλǩɡ
糤ţԭСϰ壬ҪǴһ
Ůæһ֮ͬ糤̲סЦԷȻһֻCӡ
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㼱ʲôһûϰ巭ͬŮ˳һֽۣͬϹӮһ顣
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ŮȻǻˣȴվ糤ߵģ䵭Ľ糤Ļһ顣
ֲ֮һ˰ء
ԭΪˮӺǶӵıϢнУ󻨶ЭҲῪŷᣬ֪ýⳡԻĸӰ죬͡
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617¡֥ó
 

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Ŀ⼸һۣ漴ĿԽȺİ˹ҩеĿȥ
ֻҩϰҽſվţһϷģ




618¡ֹ
 

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⼸죬ֻشΰٲҽѾһС
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水˵ô֥ˣÿҲų裡
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мĿƳһۣȴʲô˵




619¡аҽɫ
 

λѣ˼ҲͼλҽΪǶǻҽҽÿһҽҽҵͬʮּĿڵңѧϰҵĶܿͿҶΪҪβ
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620¡
 

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֪˹ҩоǺԶµҩ꣬ı֥ÿҩж棬̶̼֮ڣҩд⣬ǺԶҽҩֹ˾Ĩڱ֥õԭ
ǲҪǼһ˵ǺԶŸһϵûУſڵҩϰ壬Ľһ䣬Ȼͺҽ˻صȥˣ¡һ
ҩϰĻΧȺڶǽƱ磬Ǹȷţ¡Ľġ
ǼǸȻ⿪Ѩ
ȻָɣʶаޱȵֶΣ¡⼸ﻹΥȫͷߵǰĸǸ
Լղű飬ѾףǸмĿ˳һۣȻԼ˵ԺҪָʹˣ߰ɣ
¡ɴ⣬ɫ߲ѡҲƵˡ
飬ûܰã϶⵽ܵıѾ·뿪ʡǡ
ˣѾҲҪΧˣҪҩģӭǱ֥ãΧ۵һȺ·˵
Щ·˳ĻȴûеһʱɢǷ׷ߵҽǰһ˼ĸǵǸ
Բ𣬸ղἸλˣ
гҽĵǵҽû⣡
ҽǶԺǿҲһģ
ǰе㲻ҿ
ͼҽ¶οЦݣѼҪĲˣӽ֥
·ˣҲкܶҪ֥ҩ˳æһش
ȥˮӱʱµһش͵ʡˣǻԴ״̬
һĻƳһ͸ϣһ˫ˮӯųЦ㼰ʱˣȻǱ֥ÿҪ̵գԶ̫ɶˣ
ϣǸ֪ѶˣʹֱɵҵֶΡɫԾûзɡ
ԶţΪʡͷҵ֮һһֱԱ֥õĻǳҲü֡
Ȼ̷ͨάشʡ֮һ̷ҵİôԶžͻɵ
뵽ֻ绰̷άȡ
ͬʱѾԽԽİ˹ҩУҩϰҲڸܴ绰
ܣȥα֥õˣʧˣ
ʧˣߣһȺͰ飬鶼첻ã绰ͷܷŭҶҩϰͨȻ󲦴һµĺ롣
ܿ죬绰ͨˣܻһʮֹ³߳һС鷳
ʲôС鷳ֻﴫһԲϡϵ
СĽ֥õ飬һ顣




621¡
 

ϼ֮ǰʡᲹƷгǱѹȥڻʡƷ˵֮ˣǺԶŵĶ³붫ɽ
æӦǰϼŵĻشƷѾڱ֥һƬش÷ǳ𱬣ΪӦüʱϼŵͷ
ߣС飬ѵԼ㲻붫ɽѵ˵ϼʡֻһҩ꣬㲹Ʒٻ𱬣ж٣֮飬ԼŰ죬Ҫң
˵ֱӹҶϵ绰һҲӡ
ɫЩӲ漴ã³Ļе֥ۻشƷֻССְˣȫûҪΪ˹ҩʧ
شֲƷֻһʱźܿȶȾͻ˼ʡĹ˿ͻǻǺԶзĲƷ
֥ǰ˳
ǧѧһ󲿷ֻû򵽻شٴιˡ
̷ϵӵ̷άӵ绰Ϲʱ򣬿ش˻𱬣ͷҲǻһƬΪԼܳΪشĴ̶ϲ
̷ά뱦֥õϢңֱ֮ʵ̷ʡᲹƷгѾԶ¢ϣҽԺҩ۵ĶǺԶŵĲƷ뵽ʲô취ش𣿡
ҽѾˣǼʡʮҴƵ꣬ͶСùݣ⻹ʮֵϼϰټƷ棬ҿҼ߲ͬھƵꡢùݺ͸شңҲˣںԶŵĸСҩشСҩ̷άɫ棬˵ͷͷǵоһ˼ġ
ĵͷ̷ףܹóɹ⻹شҪȫǴҪ
ҽĿǰʽԤ㣬޷ڹ淽Ͷ롣̷άԣ¶ɫ
ЦЦûϵ飬ͽ
Ƕ಻˼Ϊ̣شӦҸġ̷άͷɫе
Цþųɣͷȥļƻɡ
ллҽҽͿʼж̷ά˵ţվ
̷άͳϢң̷֮άԸļԱһش
ƳΣһ¡߳Ϣңڹ̨˿ǽ˵ƳΣæһϲɫСϰ
Ƴѽ˵齻ʵϰϼ߹ʵʲô𣿡
ƳΣҴʡش棬Ǯ⣬˵˵Щ淽ʽƳεʵ
Ƴ΢󿪿ڵĹ淽Ǳֽ־ӡ棬Ҳˣǿ΢ںš̳ȵȴ档
Щ淽ȫϰɣֽ־ӹ棬Ҫ緽档ܿͷֺù
Ƴ֪Ϊ룬Ϊ棬Ҫܡҹֻ̣Ҫһֻߵԣɡ
΢΢һЦҿг滹Ҹɣ⼸Ѿùˡ
Ҳû飬ɣȥһʡ̨ӹӦЧĹ淽ʽ淽ʽһٰ㡣ϵ
Ƴε˵ͷðɣǾһ˵̨ǵȥҾƷ
ЦЦӦˣŴ򳵣ǰʡ̨
⳵ѳ͵Ŀĵ֮󣬳³ǰһʮֺΰĴãʡ̨ܲ
һ¥ǰ̨С˵Լͼǰ̨СóǼһ£Ȼȥʡ̨Ĺ沿ҡ
ÿʡ̨˷ǳ࣬һĴңͿѾɫɫŮ
ʡ̨ģһ㶼Ǯϰ壬ҲкܶԸֲƷ˾ӪŵԱ
ڴĽҸλ£ĵȴ̨ĽӴԱ
ʱ䣬Լļƻֻʼ绰
ʵ캣еʱ򣬷h͸شĹƬֻȻhǻһŮǣԵĻشֻ캣еȼ߳Ͷţûдʡƶʡ
ʡ̨棬ϷhһιƬͲһˡ
绰ͨ󣬳ڵιϼų
ǳãʲô£绰ͷ캣зɴ湫˾ܾУʮʵ
żɽĵ֮ǰǸhһδԻشĹƬҪʡ̨ͶιƬ㴫ֻ
õģû⣡Ӧ
ʮ󣬳ֻغдĹƬ




622¡
 

ŹƬʱ򣬴߽һOLװŮˣԼʮңְŮԵĳ֪ԡ
ߵǰһŸǰң֮ǽһĻ
ţŮ˿ڵҺãǵ̨沿ʡ̨ͶŹܼ򵥣ǵ̨ʱεĹѣе׼Ϊο뿴
˵ţתİɫĻͶӰǵʾ£Ӱһֱ֣ϡ硢硢䡢ҹ賿ʱεĹñ׼
沥ʱ䣬Ϊ뵽һӡ
ɨһۣ͵ĹãҲҪһһԪֻ賿׶βš
߼۸ҲƽʱεĹãȻﵽһʮ
ֻ˵ƶʡʡ̨ʼߣ֮ˮǴҲǺġ
˿һ֮󣬷׷׿ڣ˵ԼҪĳʱεĹʱ䡣
沿ʾ԰꣬˹˵ǵ̨ͶžǳңԸΪķʽ֮ǰѾĹΣʣµĹλѾ࣬쾺꣬Ҫһº󣬲¹λϣλϧλᣡڴӵ׼ģȾĵߵ㵽˵ڼĹ档
ҳһ򣡡
ҳ壡
򣡡
ܿ˾֣ʼġ
Ŀǰ˾ģԼûм뾺С
ǻƽʱΣۡ
ĺܿʮ㵽ӵĹʱΡ
ǽĻƽʱΣһﵽ˶ʮ
۵ˣҲ֮ˡ
ҳʮ򣡡һ˾Ӫľֵ
һϰģ˽ž֣ҳʮһ򣡡
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۸һ±̫ߵʮ򣬱мԾԾԵˣ˲ͷˡ
ǰӪǸϰ壬Ǽۣƺʱ־ڱصá
ʮ򣡡
ʮ򣡡
ʮ򣡡ŮıۣһһļӣԿóܣǳƴ֡
Ǹ˾ӪŮһۣҧҧۣʮһ򣡡
ʮ򣡡ϰ
ȻһΣŮƺͷˣʮ򣡡
ۣӪϰ壬ȫˡ
һĹãǼ۵ĻʹĵҲֵܲá
ֻʹ
ڵ̨沿¶ϲɫ׼öʮ򱨼۵ʱ򣬴ͻȻһʮ򣡡
˾֮£󷽿ȥ
ڱ֮ˣǳ
һ°Ѽ۸ߵƽʱεı׼Ĳɵø̾˲¶డ
һͨͨСӣһһʮļ۸ˣҲ֪СӵĹƬж롣
ֻж̶̵룬ҲҪʮĹá
ǸŮתͷ˳һۣ۸޷ȥ
ʮ򣬾ܸۣ߱һߵʮ
û˸ٺͳۣһϲöʮıۡ
֮˫ۣͬɮʱεĹһûȤ
ܿ죬׶ξˣΪȵ׶Ρ
ʮļۣֻмλϰ塢˾ܲãŸҾֱۡ
ƽʱεĹλ֮ǰѾ˾ĵ󲿷ֹʱ䣬ֻʣһӵĹʱ䡣
һξۣɱʮּңôʮ׼ۣܿʮĸ߼ۡ
ϰ塢˾ܲþɫǺˣһֽĹѣٲƴ֣ҲеԲ
˰ʮ֮ϰǾ۶һһļӣֲٸȥ
ڣڼӵÿʮļ۸ʱûپֳˡ
м۾ʮλ˾ܲã¶΢Цܸ˰ɣ
˶ۺʱһƽ䲻Ĵÿ˶С
һ򣡡
֮ˣȻǳ
Σ𾪵ˡ
ոÿʮ򱨼۾ĵĹʱ䣬ÿһ򱨼ۣƽʱεĹλ˿ز¶
λ˾ܲãתͷȥ۽Ǻݺݳ鴤һ¡
ޱȵԥһ򣬵׻ҪҪȥأ
ܿ죬˾ϣۣ
ٸȥĻҪǧĹѣǸ𣬵һȥԻ˽ǣ
һһΣ
һڶΣ
һΣɽϲλϿֿˡ
һμ˺ϰ壬һᡣ
Ȼϣˣǲʡ̨
ȲĽнһλ沿ͬԱԱͬݵǰ
ٶȼһͬݣû֮ˢˢˢǩԼ֡
ˣٴαĴֱ𺳣




623¡Ů
 

ϲɫų˵ܸǵ̨ͶŹ棬뽫ҪͶŵĹƬ飬̴Ҫʮӣȥ¥ĹϢһ¡
ԡֻĹƬͨߴİ칫
Ȼһ̨ԱĴ£˵ȥ¥ҡ
ǵ̨ĹͻеĴ
֮󣬳װ޶ʮֺɣ⿴ȥһɽСԿ
ټĹ˿̻˵Ĵڡ
һۿȥֻһ绪ŮˣںɳϣŮ˳ΪƯϹŸ߸ϵİȻ顣
ߣΧżְװŮƺŮ˵¡
һŮӣƯŮ˴ȡ
ɳ棬վʮָ׳ĺװڡ
̨ԱһͨƯŮüͷʮĿڵе˭
С㣬λǵ̨ĴͻҴϢһ¡̨ԱСĵĻش֪ƯŮƢܲá
С仰ĵ˳һۣ⸱ͻǵ̨ô۹ô⣬Ҷռҿɲ˴һʧҵݣȥ
˼С㣬ǵ̨ĴͻϢʮӣϣҪ⡣̨Աһɫ˵
һССĵ̨ԱȻҲСʱˬˣʮְĵڿ˵еǴͻ׺ǵ̨ʲô㵹˵
ոպǵ̨ǩǧĹ̨ͬԱʵʵĻش
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Сϸַŭ飬ſҸպǵ̨ǩԼǾȻҵǩԼ棬ǩͬǵ̨ʲô˼ǿӣڿһ߼Ůǣǵ̨ȻңǾͽԼ
һֱĬĳˣԭŮˣȻһŮǡ
Ǹ̨Աӣõͷȥɫֵ̿ĵԲС㣬Ҳ˵档
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ӣĻֻһЦߵӣɳһϾı顣
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룬Ҿȥ۾΢У
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һĻӣһļҲ˲סˡ
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ֻ书֣󺺣һǾѵıڡ
ӣû뵽Ȼز¶书˶£һֲôԭ书Ҹ㣬ӣʶѿɶˣЩѵУкüǹǣֱٱԲҪΪԼѧ˵㹦򣬾͸Һԣ֪һŮǣж£
Ҳ֪ҲûȤ֪˫ֱأɳϣһǻ
ӣһ޵ĵҾ㣬úͻ̨ӴͬǼǧĹѣҲҺҺͻ̨ǩԼѣҪһڣ
Ŷ֮ǰôµ̨ĹλЦЦĵ
ӣʱҭһ£͵̨ǩԼȻϣ̨ΪģԼٻǮ
ӣʱҵŴˣ沿˽
ΣҸΪʲôǩͬӣһվʵ
ƽ͵΢ЦС㲻Ҫǵ̨ǩԼȻġ
ڵĵΣҪһڵȫǻͱǩͬǶҵĲأӣ˵ţصĶһ¸߸Ь




624¡hʵ˿
 

֪ӣΪʲôôˣǹǵ̨ͱǩͬռ˸ӣĹʱ䡣
ӣŭﻹƽ͵˵˼С㣬ǺǩԼ֮ͬУûȫһ
㡭ӣԣһ̣˲ˣҧǺãҳͬĹѣճµĹʱΣͬΣ۽磬Ӧ֪Һճµ֮䣬ѡ˭ȷ
ӣʮ㣬ͲŮǿˣúס
ͳѡһʵ̫ˣ
ѡ񲥷һŮǵĹ棬ԶͨҪǿ
ϣҲ͵Բһѡͳͬ
ΣȷҪˣӣص˵ϣǲŵɫ
Ȼû˿ԥѡ˳ӣģѾﵱһŮˣ
ʮȷᶨ˵漴Ŀ⿴¶һĨЦҲ֪Ҫǵ̨ͶŵģǴǷhĲƷ棬Ҹ˿Ƿhʵ˿أ
Σ۹⣬hһвŻż񣬲ĳЩŮǣһͶûУƢرĻȻӰӣ
ӣЩըˣҧгݵĵȰ˵Сĵ㣡һÿ
вңһЦӣľ治Ϊ⡣
ӣһһʱ侹һˡ
Ϊhʵ˿ʱǷǳϲģҲӣǳڴĶԳ˵ʳôͷhСϵģһֱǵ̨һڽĿһֱûлᡣ
ʵҺͷhǺѣشƷзģ˸Ƭ΢Ц͵
ʱ˫ĿŹ⣬ѿڶͷhСǺѣĽǵ̨ҲܺͷhСһξͺˣ
ΣѵҾͱȷhֻھǷչʵƶʡһ㶼ӣʮֲ˵ǺͷhͬһŮǣӦ֪ǩԼǵ̨жǲճµĹͬҾͺǽԼ
ԣĸһ˿ӣʵ̫Ҳ̫Դˣ
Ȼڼͷhͬһ
ȻӣԶԶȲϷhֻһװߺŮǰˡ
ŮֻһţŻķhҫĺǡ
ҲûаֳֻƽĵС㣬ǵ̨ǺǻصģԼĻҲѡ񡣡
һ̨沿Σƾʲô˵Һǵ̨ǷԼҲٺֲε˷ϻˣȥ̨ҪԸ̸ӣ̲ס˺Ƥˡ
һʮŮˣڵְ̨λҲߣȻһ١ٶĲ˳⡣
֮ǰʱôȴǰ˵ԼһŮǵʵ˿
ӣǿ벻̣
΢΢üõְҵסߵһǰʼ绰
֮Ҷϵ绰ɫƽĶӣ˵С㣬Եȣ̨ܿ
ߣҾ̨ճµĹͬ㻹ҲҺףӣɫʼ
Ů˲Ůǵķ̨̨϶
ΪһݲƷͬӽˮ˲ѡ
еվţһҲӣ
ӣų⸱ӣȫĿŵϣЦΣԾҺǵ̨ǩԼԼҿ沿ˡ
СġƢܺãûбӣŭ
ӣһǻŭоȫûйʵ˫ֱأȴ̨ĵ
æˮʳ˵Ļ
һ֮󣬹ſڳһλʮꡢźڿ۾װˡ
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̨ˣƵˣɫƽ͵ʵС㣬ңʲô𣿡
ӣټ죬ͼӴ׵Ľղŵ齲һ顣
Ϊ̨꣬ͻվߣĹͬٳ
Ȼ̨ûʲôǿº͵ѯʵΣҪλǵ̨СԼ𣿡
ǵģ̨ҵﵭĻش
̨ºڿ۾΢Ц飬εɡ
ʲôӣʱסˣԼĶ䡣
Ϊʲǫ̂ҪѯһͬĴ
ֻһССζѣʹȨֵ̨ȫһ
ӣ뵽̨ǲǺһȣ
ǿﳤҲƯҶʮˣ̨ݣûҪŮĵ鸾
ӣ֮࣬ͻȻĶȻһƺ뵽ʲô




625¡Լ
 

ΪĵŮǣʵӣʡѾչ꣬ʡЩ֪ñȽġ
ʡỨУ壬ֱ˾ͽңƿسʢţңƿغԶţңƿϼţ̷ңƿʡƵҵҵҲǾͷңƿʡȦ
ʡ̨쵼ְλ
ӣòʡϵһ
ҲֻּݱΪʡ̨һֵ̨һƴӵ̬ȡ
Σ㡢ʡҵˣӣˣ˵ĿǣСġ
󷽷ĳϵûԶҵĸס
ʱӣɴ۾
ҵˣʶԶ֣ǵޱȵ
ΪԶҼ
£ӣȷˣֲ̨𾴣汻¶ݣ
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ֻ벻ͨΪҼԶŮΪʲôҪʡ̨һССĹ沿Ρ
ӣʣСĵ˳
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ҡӣסˣʵĸԼʡ̨ҵһ¥
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֮ǰѾＸˣҲٽãԼŮǵݣܻ
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ӣ߸óǩԼͬнԼ֮ӣͷҲصĴż뿪ʡ̨ܲ¥
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ЦЦѾʡ̨ǩͬǻʱΣǻشĹƬ
شĹƬĺˣԣǲϴδǷhĵĹƬȥʡ̨ͶţƳͻȻϴγhȥɴ湫˾Ĺ顣
ЦûƳ
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УæǻҪȥҾƷƳɫ΢΢һ죬ͷԡ
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Ҳ֪һŮӣΪʲôԹҾƷôȤ
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ڣһСʱ֮ƳѡмҾƷ
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Ӱ󣬴ǷhҲܵӰ죬ΪشԵġ
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Ѿƿ῵ۺƣ
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ǳĻԽԽӲɫѾڵ㣬ĸͬѧҲɫĬĿдϷ




632¡Ʒ
 

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ԿʣͲŮӣ˿ܹ㷢Լ⣬ޱȵĳ죡
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ҸһѧĻؾ
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Ŷ㵹Ǵ򰡣˫ֱأϣһηģ
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ǺǣҪ˵ţǮ﷭˷Ȼȡһ֧Ʊ
֧ƱֱӵݸԱ˰ɡ
ԱһʼΪڿЦǵ֧Ʊӹһ˲סˡ




633¡֧Ʊ
 

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ԱĻˮƽȽϵͣѧûѧã˺þãŽͰ͵塢ǧ򣿡
ǧ򣿡
ԱĻҲסˡ
Ƕûѳ֧Ʊһ£ΪòǮˣһżٵ֧ƱŪԱ
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ǳ첽˹֧ƱϵֺȻǧ֧Ʊҳ˾ǳ
һ˲䣬ԼӱһŽ
е˿Ȼһǧ֧Ʊ
飬𾪵ԺһƬհס
ĸͬѧǳɫ֪Ա˵ģ
ǵĿ⣬ǲ˼Ŀ
ԭһֱǿۣû뵽ȻôǮ
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˵Ҷûô࣬ǳļ壬Ȼ̼ģҪǳóǧҲǲܵġ
ǳع󣬿˵ܡԲܣ
ţǱҪеĹӡ
ĹӣֹȫβסģҲ⴩ŵ̯Ի
ҲǳǶԷķԱ˵˰ɣ
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δ˵꣬Ƴָס촽ӯӯһЦǮͺã͵Ұл㣬ʡôæ
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ǳ˿ǰīŮȻǵŮӣԾ治ѡ
ǳ˲ˣλŮǣȻӣɻʰ
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ΪʡĽݹӣȻһ⣬ȥޱȡ
ߵǰòƽƽСӣһͷвֳȻмɫ
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Сӣ˵ߣʦ˭ɻ˽ݽŵӣдд裡ɻʻߵĿǡ
д壬ͿĽѵһ١




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ʲôҲ֪ʦ֮սɻһʱɴ˫ۣ˼Ŀų
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ȻҲᣬҪ˵ӣҪԸ˾λʦ鲻ôɡ
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ǣʦɻѹź֮ģ˳á

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ڽѾ̫˲ûȥ԰ķӲüҾӡ
ڶϣټʡỨУ¹ǵض
һ棬ȻǳķѾĻش档
۱ֽ̨Ϲƻ磬ŷhֳֻشͼ߹Ƭ
ȻhȻ黪ģһֲƷʡȫǺ䶯




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ڣҳǶӵ޳ѾˣǰŭתƵˮ֮ϡ
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ǣ³ð³ֶιȻǿӲС
ͳֻʼͻ᳤ĵ绰
ҹоľƳһ¯شƶʮš
ӶȡһŹ۲һ³ɫ֮󣬳¶顣
ƻشзɹˣ
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ŶͻشôѵԱ֮󣬿̱ɱ˺ķֳ𣿡Ƴζ˽٣ֻ֪˺ķ˧ǡ
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оԽ˵Խˣæֹ
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˿̣ˮԱȫǳŽǣΪıǡ
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С⡭ò˷ҩɣʩΰɻʵ
Ȼıʵ⣬ɲ˷ҩֻĴһ
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ôС㲻ǿЦɣʩΰһڰˮԱ¶˼ɫ
췽ҹ̷飬˵˭ŵġ




638¡ͻ
 

磬ѵû˵ǰˮ׸ϸףҵĻش֮˺ö𣿡Ц˵ңҲƭǣҲẦǡ
ʩΰͰˮԱǣóĻе
Ѿɹˣ۱ҶԶԶǿ󣬶һͷˣһǵֵܣôẦǣܡ
Ǿûۼ׸ϸױᣬҲۼ֤˳ʵܾܿǷûشĹЧ
뵽Լ»شˮƽҲԱôҿʼˡ
С㣡ҸһŻشˣʩΰٳɣһŻش¸С
Ա׷׸ʩΰһûشܿ죬Ǿ͸оһůθɢ֫ٺů֮
ÿ˶þȣޣ޲ýͺǶʹĴսһ
磬дңһҪϸѵиϣͼǰˮˡԾɲһ䡣
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ʩΰͷأǮƣɲģûн飬ĸˣ߹סļǺãС͸Ҽһɡ
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ǰˮӵĲɷã˾ŻͲʵʩΰǰˮӵĶӳǶΪʲôսǶӣ˭ǵûпⳡΪǻµĳ裿
˵ǳҲܲⳡ̫ˣԼǿ֣Ҳһֳ衣




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ΪѾŭˣΪȦˣ֤һıɸ֣һСҲҪ͹ۣʵڲ뿴ı
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һģ֮أϲûĵĻʷԼĶ
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ϣʩΰĶǣԼı仯ܸΪֱۣٶȡǷӦ֮ǰ˲١
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Ϊȷαһʧͨ˲У֤֤ŵˡ
һССİˮӣô
糤Ƕʵ̫޳ˣһ֧СӴҪôɵֶΣֲ̲סˣƿڴ
糤ٺЦôѵҵԱˤʲôǻЭԾͶҡ
ߣҲҪͶǶͨдڣУҲᱻֹβְ񣡡ֲߵ˵
糤ЦúգȥͶ߰ɣ㻨Э󣬻ǮƵб֮һᰲǸΪЭĳͷã
㣡ֲͻ
ֻܰĿ⿴УȻǣûбȥ
ֻͳ֮źͻȻһηииƬƮڿС
һʱ֮䣬е죬˶׷ʲô顣
бھЩ飬ֺƱ飬һ
˶׼ٴͳһźơ
ߵǰЦ⺮ĵͷ٣ػ⵽ĳͽ䣡
Ļһ㣬ݺݵ˲еģȻһ׼ͳƵֲķ
ֳڿһĻǾ棬󾡽ԻΪϲ֮ɫ
ззˮӵŽñ³ȥˣ
ˤǶԱĸŭĽΪʲôȥ
пҲԹԵ߿ˣʾС
ˮӵԱǣһ
ߵУ߳һţ৵һٴǶţ
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Щ޳ܵĸֽŲãѾ򣬶ڴˡ
ȻٶȣǶԱĺڽźãֻܸں
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Ȼڼ֤ҵ֮˶ýǺġ
˶쳣˷ܼڴųһŽ
ʱǶѾȫطͰսҪһŽ
汻ĻǶӵԱϰɱǡ
ǶӵĽͰǲһ˿Ц
սͬ衣
һǰȥܿǶԱС
Ա󣬻⼸ǶԱ
ȻԶ˵ٶȣ˲ʧǶԱ֮С
һֵ̳ʱѾǶԱǰ
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԰شٶԱͬһ߽һŵж
ųĵʮճҲ
CӰˮʮȾŻܲһĹʼǶӣ
λðıֳ͵ӻǰԹڣ˿񻶣
һܵʤˮȴˣ
ȻһжΪǸˣ
ʩΰһڰˮԱܹޱȵıסȻѳϿУף
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ǶϰѾͬɫͱˣ
ζû뵽ԼǶӻ䣬һ֧ײСӣ
һսȫǰ̫ȥˣ
ʩΰԱףһ֮󣬳ǷԼ
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ʱֳĵ̨ͱǣ׷жȥ׼ɷóͰˮӡ
ˮԱǶԱǶԡ
軰ͲһãллȡһŮߵĻͲŮĽĿ
ŮòһЦ漴̧ͷߵĿ̨ŻͲ˵糤ǵĺͬԼ
糤Ȼ֪˵ʲôҪȥǸһ⻹ѡ
糤ȥɡֲЦЦĶ糤㲻غͬԼĻҾͰˮӰѺͬݹʾ
ߣǻͲܸһӣ糤ɫѿ˵
ֲԣȴǰ糤Լģɣ
˵꣬ȥ
糤Щֲ仰ҭˣΪ仰֮ǰ˵ֲġ
û뵽ȴӦ鵽Լϣ糤ɫʱһһࡣ
кͬԼֲͬݸ޷ܣȫ綼ǸԶţ
Ƥ鴤֮糤ŮԸߵС
һĻֳĹںͼǸӺˣǶӵϰҪʲô
糤ǵǱͬɣĶӡ
ڶߣ糤ɲ˷вԵ˵ȻǶ˱Ͼǹӣ⣬ֻҪǺͬݣʲôҪǶ̸һ̸
ҺǸûʲô̸ġɫһˣպͬǶ󣬱ǻǸ
еĻͲ仰ԶԶɢȥȫˣҲ׳Ϊʲô糤
糤ӲԣɫѿҧҧʾǶӵԱվһš
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糤ķŭʮȾϹȻøͻǸΣ
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ͳĶԻҲŮģǸôȥѧϰ
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Ļһ䶯
λһ油ŽȻҪۣʵ̫ϧ̫ˣ
˵϶һź֮ɫôĻ֣ΪʲôҪ۷ۡ
ʩΰѯԭʩΰڷܽʲôû͸©
ֻýڰˮӵķչ⡣
ˮһս֮󣬺ܿͻͶʣƾشЧʵҲһΪ綥ֲ
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ˮӵĸ֮󣬺ܿͽӵһ绰
ϰ̸һ̸绰ͷ糤Ů
ŶϰòĻӦ
룬Ůż˵ǵģϰ㣬̸ĺô
УӦˣҪ糤ʲô˵
Ůһַǰǵӳ㵽ɡ
Ҷϵ绰߳һ⳵˾ȥŮ˵ĵַ
˾˳ϳ󣬻ͷ˵СӣǵӳѾˣȷҪȥ𣿡
ûɡ糤ȥĵطȻһĵ׵һ˿衣
Сʱ֮󣬳ͣڻнһķϵĹǰ
³һֻʣһտӣʲôеˣҲһˡ
ͨ⼣߰ߵĳţȥܿ죬гһӰ糤ŮǶӵȫԱ
糤󣬻վһ˸ıڡ
һִϰ壬ڶüģ糤ֻһ˵ڵֿ϶ǿ
Ȼûаڷ
糤ʲô£ֵط̸ʵһҲ
ҷǳĲŻˮƽ۷ʱڵɶˣҲĶ֡糤һſϣЦе˵˲˵ƸǶӣнڣǸӵϵĵλǮȨӦоС
Ů糤Ļһ顣
ҪΪǸ糤Σɴľܾˡ
糤һüͷôڵ츳ΪʲôҪڻĹȣֻҪǶӣԺ󻹿ԽҶӣʱμ籭ȡھҲǲܣ籭ÿ˶Ա룡ѵͲĶ𣿡
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ȥɡ糤ҲʹӦˡ
ЩǶԱ쵱Ե棬Ǹ֮˿̱һӵĻأ
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ΧסȴǲΪǹһ˿Ц
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һһı߳һкɨǧ
꣡
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糤ŵ÷һɱ¡ԲŹң
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ߣղɱңڻָܷŹ㣿һ㣬糤ȥ
糤ҲͨһĵŹңҰǼȫʲ͸㣬㸻ɵй
ɵй˼ûȤеӵ£ЦοΪһǸ˵Ļô
Ź糤һӻظ֮󣬿϶Ὣʲ͸ᶯһ
糤仰ӿ޾Ŀ־;˵ʲô۵һһӵûǡ
Ů͸ڣ糤һͬʱӵͷһ̱ڵأϢϾ
һصʬ壬΢ڵתΪԣƸһŰɫ𣬶ʬһɨһȼ
ʬ屻մһ˿ۼĵ߳Ĺ·⳵ȥ
ӽԺǶҲܵصĴΪǶԱǸҶӵ
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ԼĻǲܣΪŮûĸֿܹסĹȻ
ԼòŵƳΣԼ۴ĹǣҲܼƷ̫ˡ
ԡˣƳ仰ȫǿһ£汻˵ˣ
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۵ҲһڹȻá
ᰡƳһ߳ҵʱͷԡһۣһԡ¶Դ۲һЦ
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ûʲôæӦ
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һ³Ϳ֥ǰų˿ǶǳŻشġ
龰ʡĸƵꡢ۵Сҩſš
Ϊʩΰڽܲɷõʱ򣬰һ»شȫǴЧ
һֻʡCӵԱ»شͿԱôͣܺ͹Ƕӿ⣬ѾȲԻشĹЧˣ
߽֥˶æòɿشĴҲԽԽ١
ȥʲôˣƳһ߰æ˿ͽˣһʵ
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СϢ
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ԣ΢΢죺ͻ캣Уһ𣿡
ڻشʡۻ𱬣ұзӰӵûʱ˵ţվһ˫¶м֮ɫʡ߾鷳ˣǿֹ˾顣
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У˵߾ߣֻ˵ȥɡ
ˣҲæˡƽ˵߳ȥͱ֥˸𣬺ǰʡ˷ɻȥ캣С
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ĵҶԲμִᣬûʲôȤ
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ƶʡҽҩ̻ᣬӡǺ̵ģΪʡʱҽҩ̻ļͻ᳤ͺ͹ֳ̾ǰⱦ֥á
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ҩ̵ķӦüͻ᳤ĵͷ˵ȻҶûǾʹ꿪ʼҲ¸һſʼʵʩµĽѹ涨Զŷ붭³̨
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һɲȻûȤǺԶš
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仰˶ˡ
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ڳСҩ꣬˳Ļشڶ̶̼֮ڣΪҩ޴롣
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Һڣ̷Ϸ·ЦҳĿЦһСӰѻ˵ô񣬰Լʲôˣ
̷绰ûд̷࣬ôܸҽ̷̷̷һУܸߣ̷ҲܾηǱ̷ô˵̷ϾСӾҪݺݳͷһ١
̷Ͼó̷࣬ʧְˣŭһ˿ҽɫƣ㻹Լˣ
˵꣬תͷ󼸸ɫƷİ˻֡
ѵһСӣȻȥ
̷Ұһ׺֮ɫų
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̫ˣ̷ϸ壬Ϳ̷ҰԶ˻һ֮ɫ
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ȵȣ̷סҴ̷ұأ
ŶжأͣסŲĶλ̷ҵϵү
̷Ϸűֶ壬֮󣬷¶һ˿мЦ֪书̷֪ʲôλֻҪָͷֻҪһͿ⽫ɱ
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绹δʼһطһ£ٹ̷άŻ԰н˵
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뵽Լش̷ܵĿ϶֧֣δһƬҲûлΪ̷Һġ




654¡
 

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ƺ̷ҰȫĶλҪϣ˿̷϶Ǹųλˡ
˼תȴĿƽ̷ׯ԰ͥɢ԰
̷άͬһɢ
в̷ͬάׯ԰УԵ÷ǳнΪ⣬̷ҵϵĳһ
Щʶ̷άĵϵүǧͶĺɻĿ⣬ôһϵӵܣҲμˣ
ңһɢϢ
⸻˼ҵıׯ԰У̷άԵø롣
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Щ̷ҺģǸ˷ǳ¶žη֮ɫ
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Ҫ̷ά͵ϵһӣ򲻸ҵġ
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λȣ̷̬ȣԴһλ
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첽ɣ֮ܿǰѿþ̷ά
ĵ̷¶֮ɫü΢΢һ
ǹֻǽ̷ҪԴλﵽ̷֮ȫרע̷ҹ֮ϣһʱ֮дˡ
ǼˣҲӦ߹
̷УǺһε
ֻ˵֮үӿˣָκá
ϼţ̷˵΢̷ȫһġ
ڳȻçײߵǰ̷ЩͬʱҲ
һϵλͷ̷ҿɳܲס
̷С㣬үˣôʵ
仰ϵ˶ɫһ䡣
ʵ̫֪ˣ
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λȷʵү˵ġ̷Ŭһ˿Ц˵Ҹ㰲λԺٴȥүӡ
ˣҾһλ㲻
ٶ̷˵·©һġ




655¡
 

λãʵ̷үġ
ֻΪ̷үҪ㣬ʱ뿪λ
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뻪ڶǵûŵأȻ
û֮󣬿˵СǺˣ
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ֻȷǰΪСӣһҽ
˾͸ĪˣʲôаҽˣòСӺߵðɣ
󵨣Ҷκ񣡿κȻû̷ҼѾ޷ܳΪˣڿŭȡ
̷Ҳʹɫǰλﲻ
ڳκȷʵмһˣֻǱľٶ΢һ£ʲôͷƽҲΪ֮ˣ͸Ӳˡ
С㲻֪ݣðңҿֽɱ˰Ȼ֪߲̷磬ҲԸմѪҹͷȥɣ
秵Ļ̷Ҵ˰һ
λﲢûŭ
ֻҪôʲô鶼ûˣ
ҲճС
̷ϵ̷ҵϵүС㣬ֻģôױŹеϧ
ʮ㴳̷ҵСӣô˵ؿͷҲһˣ
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󷽵̷άһƬ⼸ദѾΪΣһ޵İ̷άóΪͬĶ
ⲢǸҹӵֽһֶԼʵǳŵĽ
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̷֮ά֪УǾκ¹ˣʹ̷κˣԶԶ˵ĸߵȴڡ
κɣ̷ˡ
κѾǳԸŹһ˭Ҳû뵽Ȼ֪ô
˵֮³ȥؿҪŭκˣ
̷ĻǹһĨЦ̷С㣬үүˣȴҪҸ¹Ǹ
ľֹ̫çײˣκ˿ǲ̷ңκҲϣϿɣ̷ཹһ̿֡
ΪðִֵôͲأ
ۼŻ˵ɫԽԽ䣬̷ҴĿһ˲·轵˼ʮȡ
ѹʵֲ̫ˣ
ȻǺϾţȻλκ̷Ҷǲҵ
˻һѾһˡ
κ˵Ҳһ֮Դģ
̷Ѿ޷˵ˣ˵ѹô
Ȼʹ̷ܹ˵ûо˵Ҳұš
ΪҪκ˵ɱʱα˼֡
ˣСӼȻҲ̷ɼˣұһλᡣͻȻһ˿ȤС˵ͰҪνаҽˣҽΡ
̷ɼ̷үӵֱȻҲûòס
˻һ䣬̷үΣųˡ
ЩԾ̷ɼɫһݣĪǳʲô飿
κˣˡҸղʧˣ̷ɼƵ֮ǰ
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̷ɼĿһ£ǳ
С˭
ư̷ɼ̷һλСҽ˰
Сҽκˣ˵λ𣿡̷ɼ
֮ǰ̷ͺһˡ




656¡ɳڸ
 

үүǳδȻ˿ڣ̷СĵĻش
ڳᣬ̷ɼȷʵе⣬ȻǣΪʲôκߣλϣ
κˣǳǸλŮ˵ģ֪Ƿð̷ɼɫʮֹĿ򻪷˵
Цһ̷ɼƲǷӿκõģȻλνаҽұȸο
仰˼ˣ̷ҷϱκˣҲ̷ү˵ģ
κˣҶλҽ˽⣬ҽԳʥ֮ǰ˵ֻҪܹκҵˣ̷±ضΪɳЧ̷ͣɼϣϹϾ˵
һȻǵ̷ɼκҲ㵱ɳͽ֣Ŵݿɽר̸ˣʮ꣬Ҳֻɳҽ䴫еţа취κãұҪҽΣλճµС˵ΪȴҪʶһҽ
ԳκĻ˵֮һ˫ֱ
ȴκ̷ɼĶԻ֮УóϢ
κĵһۣͿ͸ͫκйȷκԹĸ֣
ڸǵ֪κɳںݿɽ
ɳڹʲôλͻʸĽΣʱͲ֪ˡ
ȽϺֹţΪʲô׽ȨƼȤר̸̷ɼˣֻΪƿ̷ҡ
˼һκϬĿ⣬ǳˮ֪˵κǴ˵е书֣ʲôɳڣҽ䴫УѧĶ
СӣȻû棬֪ѧ书֣вһȺС֣ʵɣɳǹţκϹȻЦݣһ˫ȫ
磿
̷Ҵ಻̷֪˺ͱͣԾ㵲죡
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ʡݣЩݸֵ书ԿʯԶǵ
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Թĸ̷ֲүйϵһҪƿ̷ҡ
ѧĴڣô̷ҴӴ˾ҪΪʡһˣ
뵽һ㣬̷˶
ʱ̷ɼڸκĻ̾˵ʮǰҳΪɳڵһŵӣ䣬ֻϧһִ񣬱ִ˫ȣһΪ˴룬ûʸٴţԲط׽磬ʡ⡣
ʮȥκҲӵŵӣΪųϣ񻹼ǵ̷ͷרΪˣ̷¶κ˸ж£
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˫ȵ̷ɼܹʡⱳͽ˹
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ȻȴͻȻ˵ĵ̷үӣˣλԹκһεúá
仰ȫȻһ
Ȼҽ䴫йŵҽ
һǵɳڳκ棿
СѾǿǲ֪ˣ
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ڣŭˣ
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ȻɳڹǵͼţƾһҽУҲڹһƬ
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Сӣֻܼ֮ʶһɳڵҽ㲻֪ʲô죡κ˵ţȡһɹӵľС
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һɵҩ˲Ʈɢ̷ҴıǣϯĺƻҪ
̷ɼھ͸ˣκȡ룬һеơ
ԭ֮κŻ̷үˣھڳǰչ¶һɳڵҽȻС֮л
̷ɼϲʤʵһ̶ȲˣκԸ⵱ˣ֮ã
ˣ׷վҪհκ˵ҽ
ʱһ䲻κ𣺡ȵȣ




657¡ߵı
 

Ȼǳġ
˵Ŀ⾡ϻ۶ȥ
κҪүˣô֪ôСֹ
ǾκƢ̫ˣڶûɱ
̷Ϸ·ɵһų޲κ֣ĵûҷ
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̷һڣΪʲôҪ
κѾжӵҽ޷κүү
ԳѾûˡ
һٶĵκˡ
ֱǰ˷ŻϿ۵̷ң
һκһˣ̷ɼˣôһжһգ
κĶסôȸ̷ɼˣ
ǡҡҡͷ˵ǣκβ̷үӵˣȴεúõĻҪߵıꡣ
֮ǰ̷Ӧ԰ϼʡֹ˾Ϊ̷ָүˡ
ȻҪεú̷үӵľˣ̷Żæֹ˾
ڣ̷ҸκŵıΪ񣬳Ȼ
һ仰ɫֱˡ
Ϊһκ˵ҽ
һκβ̷үӵˣԼҪߵı꣡
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ҲԼκһȣаҽ֮˿裡
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ƾһĬĬСӣôǿĹȣȻƿ̷ң
Сӣ㹻Ȼûõı꣡κٺͳϻˡ
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ȻǸյЧ
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κ洵ƮƮȻ
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ֻԾУȫһ˿֮ɫ
κпȻǹ
ѾϰСӵĿˣ
ɳڶҽһСӻ᲻ŵùĤݣ
κʩ룿ЦЦ˵һ䡣
κֻżѡ
̷ɼˣαҪȵ˸¡
ٱȥ붼Ҫڻˣ
κĺһ΢΢ϵĹȻ̷ɼߵһˣľҩ̷࣬ɼͿĨ
ͿĨ̷֮ɼоϴһʮû֪˫ȣ˿̾Ȼ˸о
ϲ
˿̷үӵɫ仯֪ҩ϶ɳڵĶҩһͿȥͼӰЧ
κĵͷʼ̷ɼ˫ʩ롣
κгӣ϶һڴ֮ɫ
ȴúЦ
ֻ΢һţ֪κĺɫҩ࣬ʲôɷɡ
ҩܹ̼弡޸ˡ
Ȼ̷ɼˣѾʮˣ
κҩͿȥα겻αֻǱЧʵǴ̼Ƥ̷ɼ˸о
κҲΪܹεúá




658¡ڴ
 

ϣκʩʱϵı飬гüͷ
ÿʩһ룬ɫͳһ֡
ΪʩչɳڵĶ׾ٵκ̷ɼˣ̷ҳ׳
̷ɼƣԶеҪ֡
̷ɼ˫ȣ׽Ĳֻ֢̱ͨ
Ǳùʽϣϵļ⡢Ǻ;Ѿ⵽תˡ
ôɳڵҽҲ޷ֻش
κɫ̷ǵڴ֮齥ʧˣʼ
κﶼüͷѵүӵβˣ
̷ɼϵϲɫҲʧˣоϵпʼˣκ˵Ƥ֮ڣûκθо
ۼκʩʮ룬ɫԽԽѿ̷ɼһֱ³
գκջȫ룬ĵ̷ɼʮ̫꣬ˣɳ˫Ȳ㣬ɣ
仰̷ɼ˲ҡ
̷̷ӵܵɫҲһƬɥʧ
֮ǰκҽڴ̫ˣ
ڴ֮飬˹ȵף
̷һʱ֮䣬ȫԽܣ
֣ҽ䴫еɳڳ϶޷κãôϣûһҽεúǼүӵĲ
˿û˻뵽̷඼ˡ
̷ɼȻβˣ̷ܹɳڿϣǵңֻҪ̷ԸΪɳڵĸ壬ұ̷֤ʡΪκһȻǣ̷ɼ˵
̷ɼȴһ㵣û̴Ӧ
֮ǰӦκ棬ֻҪκˣɳھͿƿ̷ҡ
ûκã̷ұɳƿصĻҪװ׷״Դġ
̷ɼκˣʵָ룬³Ϊߣô̷ҸɳЧҲ
ڣ̷ɼԥʵûл̷ָūۡ
κŵ̷ҳΪʡᶥ̷ɼҲǷǳġ
̷ұʡ֮һ
κŵ˵ֻǸȡ̷Ҹɳڹ״׽Դ
̷ɼķӦκ渡һ˿ŭ
׽壬Ҿܾɳڣ
κѾѰ˼ţͷӲӦĻ̷Ҹ
ʱˣκһû̷үأ
ߣɳڶβõˣƾһëСܹεúãκʮֲм˵
ǹһ˿䵭ȣҵȻεúãֻǴ̷ҵƿȨ
СӣҺɳ̷ҵƿȨ֪ʲôκɫһ˵
ǵĻȸˣʲôҶں̷үӵ鶼ƾʲôƿ̷ң
ƾľЩ޷κ˫ۣէţƶȻһ䣬̷Ҵٴ轵
̷˺͸ͣȫɪɪ
ǿߵѹʵֲ̫ˣ
ߵĳȴ̷ɼʵ̷ϣҸκˣȡ̷ҵƿȨӦӦ
κ˶βãһܹεúãδ̷ɼڣ̷ϱ㲻ĳ
̷ֻһ̷ۣϲĻһ͡
̷ɼԸ˫Ȭ³ΪߣԼ
ڹ䷽츳͡
ʮǰҲ֮ǰ̷ɼʮ꣬ѾǶء
ʮɳڳκ棬ҲֻǶضѡ
ɳֹͼ˵Ѿǳϼ
񽣻ŴڣΪӵĻʸǶؼ𣬶һκʮꡣ
ɼŵĲж
̷ɼΪֻҪ˫ȬڼӿһʱգضԻָصʵʱ㲻ҪɳڵıϢ
˾ֻһ֮һϣҲˡ
һ˼̷֮ɼɫ֣صĿˣֻҪκҵˣ̷ʲȫתӹܣ̷¸ԸΪЧͣ
ܺáȵľ̷ɼһ仰
̷ҵ˵أϼʡķչǷǳаġ
أȴֵκһ㵡
̷ɼȻĴӦˣ
棬һС˳ŵ
ɳڵ飿
̷ɳڿϵʲ˭Ҳ޷ߣ
ȻκҲΪκ̷ɼˡ
Ȼŭʢסûг֣ó̷ɼȳʧܺٺúø̷һˡ
º͵ķʽӹ̷ңκıˣ
˶̷үӵŵʱƵȡʱЯһ롣
һײʺͨ룬ȫ޷κƵȡ
κɫӲмˡ




659¡վ
 

Ȱ̷үϵҩһ¡Լ̷˵
˲Ҷκ˵ҩ࣬ôײ
κһɳڶƵĻ࣬޸˵ЧôһСУֵڣųȥ׽ͷСӻϣ
ȻЧΪζ̷үӵ˺ãЦЦķʵ
κԣ΢΢һϣ޷Ӧһʱɫܲÿŭʢ
ǾˣҵҪСνаҽˣΣ
κ仰ڣ̷˲ŸҲ̷ɼϵĺɫҩࡣ
֮󣬳ָסһ룬ɫ
Դֳʮˣһ˿ӡ
룬ûκα仯
ԶԶκˡ
κϵ룬ǹעޱȵĹ
ܷͨͨⷢȡ
κҲ룬κγĵط
ΪһСӣʲôֶأ
ڿҲˡ
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660¡ŭ
 

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ҪѼҵټ̷ңôĳҪɳߣһλ̷˻޷ʵ
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κʣ̷ɼɫƽĻصԶǵɳڴֻ֮Ҳŵԣóҽƹ̷ҡκˣлרʡᣬΪҿ
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661¡ҷ
 

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Сӣ֮ҲЩأ㽻ⷨŵĻҿúÿһ㡣κ沢ż֡
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663¡Ϣ
 

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664¡
 

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СӣΪʶ®µĺУܶһ𣿽˭Ҳ㣡񺽽ƲݴʦͨţСӴɷɻң
ү㲻ļȻҴӦΪ֣СӱˣƲݴʦ˵
һüͷλʦ֣µĸɮ
һҰУȻ®ɱˣƢĻ̣
ߣƾ㣬ҲΪʦ֣Ʋݴʦһ߸ϵĿǣм˵µƲݴʦȫٳӭӹݣ
仰һɫһ䣬ڶΧο͸һƬȻ
Ȼʢµĸɮ
λƲݴʦȲƵ֪®¿϶²ˣ




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˾ڵƲݴʦݣͬʱҲúɻôµһɮͺԶŶ³Żжһ
ʵ̫ˣ
˫Ŀ΢УѾеĹ֮
ڳ͸֮ͫ£Ʋݴʦһɵа
Ȼڲص÷ǳãͨȫܲȴ޷͸ͫ
ʲôµĸɮΪʲô̺̺ⷨ࣬а
뵽һ㣬Ʋݴʦġ
ȻƲݴʦаͨҲоɡ
Ʋݴʦ̬ʵ̫߰ˣ®һأ
ظɮǰݻ®£Ʋݴʦưģ
ԭµƲݴʦƶɮŻܣδ̴ʦǰ£ΪζŻʵ
Ʋݴʦһ˵ôϻһССҲûʸ˵ȥʦ
һĲɵÿһ£ƲݴʦʦʲôĿģ
֪ʦȥӦûµĺа
˼ǰ󣬾ǽһʦܣȥʦ
®ֶɶʦںɽԺһһҪʮʱ䡣
οǶ®´֮ǰţ뿴ƲݴʦҶɶʦʲô顣
ĸͷĸƲݴʦѵڵƲݴʦһֱûж֣ȽԼ飬ĸЩ⡣
ֽѵһС
ڳƳҲû뿪ĸ㲻һʱ͵Ʋݴʦһȴɶʦĵ
Ҫ뿪ɣƳθоЩĪĵǡ
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ƲݴʦƳθоа죬ƲݴʦʲôͨĻƳεĳһӦˡ
Ͼͨͨ书࿹ġ
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ոձָűأһ輰ƳΣôȥ
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ŵ¸ص®¸ɮɶʦԳ𾴣ٴοǾ治ѡ
ʵ̫ͨˣ˶벻ͨôͶɶʦϽģһöɶʦ˾
ĸͷҲǿð죬жɶʦһϵڣǽ²®ֱӶԸ
Ϊɶʦ㣬ʡٳ̳ϵĴλɮн顣
®ֻһжɶʦڣʡҲڶС
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ҲͳһԵƲݴʦġ
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ûȷд¡ɶԵĻش
ͬʱɻݲúУ±˲ɣȴΪʲô




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ܺã˾ͺܺáƲݴʦЦ̶ɨȫοһۣ˵ҿˣν®֣ɶɮʵǹ͵֮
һ®´֮ǰһƬȻ
ƲݴʦȻô˵棬®ֵ
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®ںУ׷׶ԵƲݴʦŭĿӣ
ܸ̲סˣָƲݴʦƲݣݵʦ
ò˵һŭǺǿģǸߴüۣŭĿգݣѷĸͷ˶һ
ȻƲݴʦȴһ㶼»׳УϷʵ˵ô͵飬ʦã˵®»˶٣۸һԶĺУ
Ʋݴʦ˵͵γԣɶʦɫ˵
¹ԼɶҲٶԵƲݴʦԺˡ
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ƲݴʦĻǳһ
Ȼָضɶ͵µķ𾭣Ƿǳصָˣ
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һƲݴʦ˵̫ˡ
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®µĸɮҲˣ͵֮£һֱҳϣдҲңҿ®Ҳٿȥˣֱ·µĳ裡Ʋݴʦ޼ɵļ
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⡭ɶƲݴʦҪĸΪŭôܻӦ
ҵƲݴʦоֹµĸɮöɶԽԽˡ
ɶɼ䣬ƲݴʦѾڵĻᣬͻȻ˫ֺʮоⱩǣ

Ʋݴʦһɫģ˲ĵѣת
®´ǰοͣƲݴʦһһ׷ȥ




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ھĴ֮ڽҵ֪®µĸɮ϶˷ͨ
˲Žµͷǰָضɶʳ֡
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®µ飬֮Դƶʡûеġ
ŶɶʦʩչͨһȻζ϶ǶɶʦӮˡ
ҲǸƲаɮһˣǰ®´ʴʣѪˣսɶʦԲ
ֻǣѾŰѶɶаɮƵȥ϶÷ǳĵ͹ע
ڶɶϵķ⣬ƲȷʵмּɵϺеĽվǿĻϲ
ǵƲҲ֪վڶɶϷӲȫΪɶֻһǳĽվѡ
ڶɶ򷨾ѳɣһеķһֱƲݵľаȥ
ֻľ㣬öɶɵĶ
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·һ㣬ޱȣʧڰ֮С
ɶⱻƲ⣬ɫ֣ˣҲֻ֪ľ˶ŮӼȻʮķ黹Ҫһ֡
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˲䣬ⱻа֮Ӱ١
һη⣬ѾǶɶļޡ
û뵽ǱƲ׻⣬ɶһֱ³
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ԭʹľа֮ʱһааŮ֮Уⱻ֮аֱɶȥ
ɶһʱ֮䣬ûзӦаеĻʮķ𷨿ޣҪȫϵˣ




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һ̶Ĵ𣬶ɶķ·һ㣬˲ȥŷϳһϸ΢Ѻۡ
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ʱһԵĳڿȥˡ
磬һסɶʦֱۣѶɶԱȥ˵ƲݵĹ
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ĸ״ŲȵףֱӳʻǰʡһҽԺ
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Ϊ̶ʱΣա
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٣ΪʲôҸᰡβԵʵ
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֮󣬾ưɷԱܿơСˡˮ̶󷽵ĵƿƣ1991мһƿԼҪԪ

һڸٷ׷״¶΢ЦͬʱƳ˳һۡ
Ԫĺƣֻչֺŷ緶һСֶζѡ
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689¡̨׳
 

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Сӣ֪֪ɱҽ컪ʲô컪ӵ
ޱҡҡͷڶ׼֡
ŵý컪ɳϣһľС
ȵȣ㲻ɱңĿ־壬컪Ŭĳһ仰
ָ˸㻹ʲô˵
ôʦɱһ书΢ʧݣȥûѧЦҲҴ绰ҽݴ磿컪û༤
֪ѧʦǼײ۸С书༫Ķɱ֡
ǻѧεĹ
컪ᣬĸ˸༤
ȻָϾ˵У绰ɡ
Ǳ컪Ļ̼Ҫý컪֪ʲôľ
컪Ȼ֪˼һϲСӱϾ̫ᣬĺʱȱ
ֻҪɱôһְ취Ը
ɫֻ컪ͨһ룺磬컪Ҫɱң
˭ɱ컪ϵܣ绰ͷϰޱȵ
컪һ۳˵һλ½ʦг
˵ʲô˾졣
컪Եʵ磬ʶСӣ
컪ʦҪɱ㣬ɣϵ̬ȫˣһ²ؼ߸߹
ý컪˲ȥ磬СӺᣬҿͻʦҲûã϶Ķ֣
ߣ㶮ƨλʦҼ򲻹뵽л׻½죬£֮ǰ˵ݴ磬ʦǲ𣡡
˵ֱ֮ӹҶ˵绰




698¡л󵽳
 

һ컪ֻ䵽ϡ
̣ʦϣİݰӴ磬ȻԳη˵ز
ֵܵܲˣ
Һ˵򲻹ôǰλʦ̶ֳȣ
컪ѾǾκˡ
ôİݰӴأЦЦʵ
컪ɫӲ۵׸ֻ֮̿ɫ
ûкλʦţһʡĴڳǰʲôҲǡ
˵ĵλȫתˡ
ʦҴҲʦķϣ飬ǸԸӣˣΣ컪ѹž˵
ֱ˿̣Ը⳹׷Ρ
̬Ѿŵࡣ
ﻹ֮ǰǸһĴģ
ˣ
ԣЦ
֮ǰ컪ҪԸѡ
ڱͽ⣬ѱ󲻻ᶯһЩɵֶΣͨв
˳ǲŹ컪
׼ɱ˵ʱֻ̣Ȼ
˹óֻͨ绰
ý컪ӡ
ҵˣĸλã绰ͷл𾴵
۰ſڣһŰᡣ
Ϲ
Ҷϵ绰֮󣬳ĶŽ컪ѽ컪ñ
ڳɱ컪ˡ
ƲѣɷĴжɱˡ
лǻάƶ־־ֳԸֵͷӦúһ֡
˿л͡
ۼٳûж컪ѡ
뵽ղǸ绰ǽаֹˡ
ֻǵ˳𣬽컪벻ͨΪʲôҪˡ
ѵλֻǹ¼ҹˣûнԼȨƣԻҪĳȨƴѹ컪
Ļء
Ϳͨ潻ȫԼ
컪㷲ʱſ߽һװĵˡ
ˡлһͶԳʮ𾴵ʺ
˵ͷûбֳҪлȥ˼
лŰڵΣ֪϶һЩ飬պܲԾ
Ǹʱ΢΢죬üʵ컪ôҲ
ллֳ컪Ȼһ֡
ˣȻƶά־ֵлֳ
ˣ
лûлӦ컪Ŀӽ컪תƵѪĸ첲ֿԱһδ󺺶һֻ֣ɫʹ
ܿʲôתͷԳСʵǲǽ컪
Լ˫ֱ󣬰Ȼ
⸱̬ȣлĿһ¡
컪Ȼѳˣ
컪ּʡУҲάֵļܷΧ֮ڡ
л󻹽н컪̸һλʡᰲַ֣Ҫǰ㵺ǡ
Ҳǿڽ컪һλʦĽֵϣάͰλиʰɾˡ
лѳɺͺһģںϵĽݵܵܵ˳е㲻ô
лֳһжᣬôҵʦ˵Բԣ컪¶ĵЦݣæӭ
ʡУάֹǰƨǡ
ߣȻײ˳͸ϿǸлһ
ʦԲ𣡶ҵĴ컪׹̬ҪжϾжϡ
ʡ߳ơһĴУһʮǸزϰ֣ԣŮ޶ˡ
Ǵû뵽Ҳ˱ϥһ̡
޸ǿðͬʱŽ˵뽯컪Ƶĺûᡣ
λŮҪڣȴ˵Ǹˣ
컪һ̲סһ
λʦԲĵǸ
¿ɲðˡ
ֻȵл
컪֪лʶݴϣл֪Ҳʮη
˻лһϵ
лŽ컪ϾǺϵĽֵܣԽ컪֣ŭϣʱλʦ֣ǻĸֵʧ
һ֮л΢΢ͷڵ컪㵺ʦϵĽݵܵܣϣںʦķϣŹһΣԺƶ־ֿ϶Խ컪иϸļܡ
ʽ컪ϸҲҪҸӣֶһ
仰ѽ컪һϣҲˡ
лô˵ٿ컪ɫԾѡ
ĺ϶ס
ܵɱŰлһ䣬Ŭһ˿ЦݵֳĻǲ̫ô
ߣȻǲƲý컪ұԶ֣ɱһ֮л۶ȥ




699¡е
 

ʦ
ͷ컪һ棬ͨһϿͷġ
֪ԼҲǵݺ㵺Ĵˣ
Ĵǰһֻ׸С档
ʦҪɱңԺҽ컪µһʡȫʲ׸ֻһ컪ͷྵ죬ذ嶼ླѪˡ
лһСĵ˵컪ԸʡʲݣԺκвǷһ
컪顣
ݣɱ˵Ļǳô
ʵҲ뵽һ㡣
Ȼ컪Ը⽻ȨƣҲɱġ
ȻԽ컪ʲ⣬컪ʡϾһɲɺӵ
бҪʱ򣬿԰һЩȽ鷳顣
ϼŽʡ̽磬϶ʡᶥγɾϵ
ʱ򽫽컪ʲϼţϼŸ׳
УҾһ˵ͷ
ڵϵĽ컪ڴһڴʱѾȫ亹졣
лҲһ
óʦɱ֮ˡ
ͻȻһת˵⣬ӣ컪סյĽѵ
˵ţһ⸡֣Ī뽯컪֮ڡ
ǳЯ롣
Ըϼ޻ĴУΪ컪ͷŵͷ
ѱ컪ºԣͼ
컪ֲһ룬ֻҪ컪καѵͼʱҪ˽컪
컪һʹҲʲô
ʦֶΣ
һ뷨ʧˡ
ӽֻܸһҳޱȵĹ
лֳǿˡת׼ȥ
컪ʲ֮ᰴ
ʦȵȣʱһŮޡ
ͷ΢΢죺ʲô£
ʦǱ컪ǿǩԼפģҽԼ˵ţɫĹ
컪á
С£һ仰ͽˡ
ǣϸСԼ컪ϹϾĴ
޴ϲҪлѾл߳ᡣ
߳ſڣ׼绰ǲʣȫȥûС
ưɵͣվʮˣǾȻûߡ
ǲʣǸũͬѧˣȻȥ𣿡δŲȰ˵
ǲʾǿĻӦУһҪȳߣ
ʵǳưҲûӡ
ǲʼҪȳȰǲʸϿ뿪˽һС
ȻԽ컪Ϊ뿴ʲô뿪˼ûôǿҡ
ģΣ֮־ûʲôˡ
ǻһȺ첻µزµĸ
컪ȻŹǣЩ;ԼѾȻ¡
ǲǸװƵũͬѧ϶Ҫˣ
뿴ĺ᲻ҡ
ʮУ£ŮҲֻһ
ֻλԸղŷǳ£뿪
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ʮߣղװôôôûû
ɲһֱȥ
ʱһ˶׵˹
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Ϊһʡн컪Կ
Ĳϣһ顣
ֻԼȴﲻһæֻɵš
ڿû£ǲͷϵĴʯͷ¡
˿ȻĳȴĿɿڴ
ΪܿܳˣҲһʬ塣
ȴϾվǰ
컪ô׵ķŹˣ
ȫš
һʼ־ȵǺҲûʲô
ʡڶ࣬һ򼸸ĸִڡ
Ǹʲô¡ʮ㣬ȴһķɣ˵ֻǿиɵֽϻѡ
ΪԽУЩǿ⿴ͳ
Ǿóָǿûˡ
бĻڴôᡣ
񣬺ޱĳȻ컪׷Źǰ˼⡣
ǲʣѧУûһ˵
˿ǲҲӣԹԵĵ˵ͷ
˺ĿУһӳֿϣվװĵƶά־־ֳл
ӳֿϽγлݣǷ׷ײ²
ѵʲô
Ų񰡣
ǱȽ컪ţĴôһСưɽһ˺ˣ
òǳͬѧʡǮݰɣֹһ䡣
УũѧֿϽγǸġ
ĿͳǲС񼣬ȴֵò𰸡
ֻͬε˵
ǸװֻǳǮݵĻǳҲûʲô˲ġ
ʮܺõıԼԳԽУ£ȥ
ǲӳֿϣҲǷǳԻ
ôʶֿϽγ
һ䣬ȴ΢Ц
άִ߻ܣǲʿ֪ġ
ǲʣѧУᡣ
סѧУһԢǲʻһ䡣
лǲ˵ĵַͻعԢȻٺлȥǼذ
ǲסУ⹫ԢſڣſվһŮӡ
ǲʣôô




700¡
 

лڳϵţǲ³
Ž㣬ҽ˵С⣬ԻˡǲʶԹԢǰŮ˵
ԭǲʶκ˵Ǵһӡ
ǲʺΪŽŮ˵ȴࡣ
óе΢΢졣
֪ǲʲôˡ
λǣżǲû£ǸһЩ档
ǲƽʱӲġ
һֿϽγ
ֻͨžὫֿϳˡ
ǲ΢һ룬ʶͬѧϼҰˮģг
ûнͷhµĹϵ˵
ûиűܻˮ
óŮĹϵܲ
ǹ۰ɡ
ãҽаšŮòĴк
ûΪԺͿ
Ҳܵһ㣬΢΢һЦãǲԢ𣿡
ǵģҲʶġЦЦ
ǽȥ˵ɡ
ǲŰŵ֣кԢȥ
ΪҪлֳ참ĹϵŰǲͽԢȻ뿪
߽Ԣֻһĸʮ꣬Ȼ齫Ա߻мΧ롣
״üͷ΢΢һ塣
ǲǺǧô⣿
ǶǺͬӣʡ򹤵ġŸһ¡
ͷˡ
ԭźЩ궼һũˡ
ֲһž;ЩУûһСļӡ
ЩͲͬˡ
˺ӳд򹤣ȴڴ齫ʹǵ΢ʣĲӻ
ţ뷨Щƫ
ĸ齫꣬ɫڡҲ׳Ǹһ̣Ŵǲʻһǲʶʱе㲻ˬ
Ž㣬е˭겻ʵ
ŻشСǲʵͬѧг
ҪסɣΪСе㲻á
֪ĵͬũ˳ˣϲ
Ǵмʡҹʱûطס꣬ܰŰסⶰԢ
Ȼסһ¥ķ䣬źǲסڶ¥¥ݿڻаȫš
֮ǰŰæļ꣬ͬˣСûʲô
ЩĻڿ硣
ССڴͬеϴ󣬳˺ȥ˼СܣڹԢ齫ȥԸųСʵͦġ
ǳԲǴˡ
źᣬŴСһ¾ҪųסԢķȥˡ
СôһʣͻȻҲ뵽⡣
λͬѧͻȻǲʣ£һ㶼Ƕǲ˼
ҲпҪס
뵽һ㣬ûȻشС󣬶ѯʽǲʡ
Ҽǵ캣캣ѧİɣʡʵϰ𣿡ǲʵ
hûи˵̫캣е
ԣһ漴΢΢һЦʡṤ
ŶҵûеĻסǲ
ΪǷ˳һ飬Űȥ
ǲʲϲǷ飬һǽѵ顣
ûǺҪͽһںá
ǲʵ飬شõġ
ǼǼ齫꣬òƵĿ
ЩƵĿ⣬ʲô˼
Щһũ϶Ƕǲʻ߰˼ġ
ǲʣũôƯĹ
Щũǲһ飬һ㶼е⡣
ԼȻǱǵˡ
ǲƽʱûС˵ͻȻһũ
Щũܲƽ⡣
һ£վǾ鷳ŽҰŸλðɣ˯ĶС
пվԢסһ죬۲һСûгľٶ
ҲΪ˱ǲʡ
仰Сǵĵˡ
رСϴʶǿңΪźǲʶŮˡ
ڶһǲ׽ҪסСкܲá
εıֳܲˬı顣
Ž㣬һ¥ĸ䣬պùǰ˸еסûλˡС˵ţͷ齫ϵ̻Ҹܾ˼ԡ
Ŷʱ¶ɫ
ǴӵʶǿҲ
óСǶųԸס
óǵ˼һ䡣
ҲǲʵũͬѧʡҹסĵطûС
ڰΪѵʱǲʿˣ¥ϲǻиշ𣿳סɣ




701¡Сĵ
 

ǲ仰һڣŴһ
С߸ũ꣬¶ŵɫ
Ƕ֪ǲλСʶǿ
ȻǲΪͰǺѵĹϵϲϲסѧУᱻסԢ
ǲÿϻ˯ö¥¥ݿڵİȫš
ϴҲһ¥ԡϴ
ھȻԸóס¥Ŀշȥ
ͲòСǻɣǲʺͳǲǹϵһˡ
ǰŲô룬ǲʵԸ񣬲ϲ
ǲʣ㲻һס¥СһԴǵĿ˵㲻⣬ҲҪΪŽ㿼һ¡
СϲţԢ˶֪顣
ǲȻȰŸƯ̫ˣһǺԼҵǧС㣬֪Լʲ
žͲͬˣǴƯŮôãܸ
СѾδš
ôһеģδסͬ¥㣿
ҳʲôǮƵĸҹӣֻһũѧ
СǴͷˣǱũѧǿһٱ
ǲʺԤϵСô˵
ӦСİɣѾŮˡ
Сһȴе㲻š
ҲŮѣ
òʲôɣ
϶ȲϰŽ㡣
ŮѻҪסǹԢ⿿ǲʺͰţԲⰡ
Ůô㲻֪ũ˳УԻۣʵ˶ѧ黨ǲݣС󣬳껹ܱԲġСָɣ˵˳һ䣬ִԼ
ǲİЦСǱԣĲǻ£
ǲֹһοС԰ͶȥаĿˡ
ģ·ɫжһ
ǲʲŻڶ¥ðȫţȰźһߣǰûдӦ
ڶ书ĳһסڶ¥һֱϡ
ǲӼᶨĿڵ¥շķСܲ˭ס
㡭СһĻˡ
ѹŭʱСͻ
УȻҪס¥ǾסСҵֵǣᶢͬѧģͬѧҶ԰Ž㲻⣬ũֺݣСв˵Ȼǰһ齫һƣɴ಻ˡ
ҲǱʾˡ
ũ꣬СһɫƵ
ȻЩũв⡣
ǲ֪֣ҲСвǿʵʲôʱס
һ£ɣҿܲסŽѾӣл϶żˣ㵱ǣǲʣˣʲô¾ϵҡ
ðɣĻҲ绰ҡǲ֪飬϶Ǹйء
Ҳʣѳͳſں󣬷Ͱ˶¥
¥ǲûнԼķ䣬ǱŴŽķ䡣
غź󣬰źʵǲʣͬѧģ
ҵͬѧŽ㣬㲻ҪŶǲʸϽ
ҲǲʺͳܣһЦǲʱصԼķ䡣
ֱ֮óֻhȥһ΢ţhô书ʡǲкݣ
ͷhʱǲʴзh㡣
Ҳ֪ôôʡӦûʲôݰhܿظôˣչ书𣿡
չˡ
ǲʼ̵Ļصĺ֮ɫŨˡ
㶼֪书ѣûб濴ô򵥡
ǲʺǣʡн컪Ϊʲôųߣ
ǲʵĿУѾһɫʡ
Ȼ˵ʡûбָֻǿҲûʲô˵ġ
ΪǲԴӽԼ֮󣬼ǮƵĴ
۽ȻҲߡ
ͦ˼ģˣ˯ˡ
ǲʻǿͷhŰ䵭Ĺϵ

ֿϽγлһ
ΪʦŮɫˡ
ȳʻлݹȥһϡ
Ǳΰϸֳ棬ȿһ
л˵꣬˳ӣƶά־ʡİ칫ص㿪ȥ
ϵһҳͫײ΢΢һ
һҳǵһߵ档
һλŮʦһǰҹ࣬ҹϻССſڱֲԾʱŮʦСѾײСš
ǳһŮʦΪײȥſڷϡ
ȻһĻѱŵûɢ
λŮʦȻƤˣ




702¡참
 

С֮£˾
Ϲ󣬶ֳܵ飬ŮʦƤǱĳֶּΰġ
ŮʦĲ·ǳƽкۡ
Ȼ֮⣬Ǿ͵鲻ˡ
ûзۼҲûߣָƶûС
̽жΪɥĲķרҡ
һӣ˾ӣȫչ顣
ֹİӣ鱨Ҳʽһݵά
ʱлûд֣Ϊ󲿷ְ棬ʵϻΪʡᾯ֣ܿԸ㶨İӡ
ȻֻûҳʡͽӶĳͬɱ˰
ַͬȥͬܺߵ沿Ƥ
߸ܺ
Ѿرش󰸼
ʡĴ쵼ǶˣҪٶư
ʱеֿǷлڳ֣άֵǣͷר飬ʡȫ羫Ӣרҡҽûûҹĵһڡ
Ȼûκνչң⡣
רѹԽԽл󲻵֮£ֻ뵽æĵǷһ顣
άֻʿæ飬ֻһûеʲô
ֵֶָֻܲܿˡ
пʲô𣿡лȳϷòˣſʵ
΢΢üҡҡͷ˾ַȥ˵沿Ƥ¶ƾϸ΢֣԰쵽
ʦô˵ųʡΪˡл󲻽еź
ʡڶָ࣬ǲ书ԽԽǰֵ
ܱ̬԰ȥƤΪȤлЩǼάϣҲôһ
ϳĶԣʡֻûˡ
ٿ
ϡ
һܺߣĳ˾СְԱ
ҲϼӰʱͷΧȥ˲Ҳûгˡ
ȻҲǱֶΰȥ沿Ƥڲ档
һ뷸ʱǳӽĿ֤ˡ
ǹ˾¥ıԱ߽ܺԼʮӺԱҲȥ㡣
Ȼͷܺ沿Ѫĵڵϡ
Ҳ˵ֽʮӵʱ䣬ȥܺߵ沿Ƥ
˾˵ٶȣеЩ档
ԱѾųɣǷ֡
ʱҲû˴ڣͬһŮʦۼ
⻹ܹ쵽
ĸͷ
лֳȻά־ֳ֣϶ֲͨ˰ɣ
˵öԣȷʵлĳЩѧΧڵĶΪл˵ţɫȴЩΣά־ֵΪ˶Ըʿ߿ѧĹεķַ֣̫ˣһ˿û£ֻ޲ߡ
ˣֻ΢ͷĳЩġΣᣬͨóƲķ֡
˵껰һĬʱлڰѳӿƶά־ֻа칫
л¥һ
ҹʱ֣ҵƻͨվжʮרԱ
˼ۣоϣͷ˼ÿ϶üͷɫܲÿ
ӣר鰾öҪˡ
лֳһ˽˹
Щ˶ʱֲ֮ɫ
лֳ˵ȥһ˹Э참ôһëͷСӣ
ͻȻлֳЩ
Щ羫Ӣ;лֳЭ참ǷǳЦΪ
˾ˣôˣҪеɣ
ܵɵĿ⣬лֳɿһλͬ־λһ½ʦ
л֮û˱ʾӭɫӲˡ
һЭ참ɲǴڵ书ٸʲôã
ο⸱ͨģһӵӶûС
л֪Щ羫Ӣĸ֮췽ȷʵͼǿưרҡ
ϳôᣬȻûһ˶
ЩάֵĳԱлȽܻһ˸ʶһ¡
άֵĳԱԳòĵͷ
ȻǾֳ֣ΪάֳԱ֪϶бµġ
˻سһ¡
ţлֽܻұһŵˣЩƶӵư֣λӳѲ
˳лߣһλźɫп˵꿴ȥ
Լʮңһʡ
꿴Ҳ˵ͳк




703¡ƴʦ
 

ڼп˸꣬ӳѲ
лֳνˣһȤûС
ҲάֹϽûҪлӡ
ڹѲνάʮֲмġ
ƽʱûάֳ£һִ󰸾ǣͷˡ
ӵĹ
άֵȨǳƶʡ綼Ҫάֵĵǲ
˶лά֣ѲǸŭԡ
ֻǺάֳԱһܵദùѲزųʧȥġ
Ϊάʲôرĸ֣û뵽εİ飬ȴǰ鲻
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λӳģѾάΪԹҸɷľҷ
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ڳרԱԹѲΨǴӡ
Ѳ֮ߣлȻõѵԳ
лҪʾѲŵ̬ùѲͳ۰ʱ߽ˡ
Ϊ׵һλԼʮߣһŽǮĺɫŵ䳤ۣɫʿˡ
Сʿģˣƺʮ־ηһ·߽Ǹ׶С
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ʱƴʦʩչƲ֣˫գƶʡĵλ
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ʲôʦ˵׽ߣ书ٸߣһǷӡ
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ܵƴʦԳӣлеΣЩġ
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ҪһԲϣͻɾͲˡ
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ϳһһСͬЦһ㡣
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Щܵʲôƴʦм˵һУлֳȫߵ֣




704¡
 

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ѧȫ˵ͨ
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ȻҲǴ쵼רǣͷģưĻҪеΡ
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ҹʱ֣ͯ԰ѾֹͣӪҵ
˵ʱ԰һƬȥЩˡ
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һˣȻõ顣
ùѲá
־԰һ仰˾Բ졣




705¡Ѳ԰
 

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׺ֳͣǰߴΣץˣ
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ƴʦԳĻ֮Աǡ
ΪǿĵõˣûӦƬֳʲô쳣
ƾʲôֻͨˣܸӦֵĴڣ
ֳ֮Уֻлӳ仰
֪ʦּ𣬿϶Ҷԣݵġ
˵־Ͳ԰ûߣлʳ仰ʱڴ
ͷ׼ȷ˵ס԰
ô϶лϼĿǶԹѲضӳ̶԰չȫѲ飡
Ѳһĸˬˡ
лֳ췽棬Ҳˡ
һһԷһ֪ëͷСӡ
ھܺѾȥСʱôֳܻͣ
ɵӡǰЩ羫Ӣɵӣ
лֳΪûҪѲ԰Ѳ˵
ΪбҪδл󿪿ڣ˵
ǿӲ̬ȣùѲ̲סȳճµģ鷳㲻Ҫ谭ר£ʲô书֡дʦƨ鰸
һ仰ƴʦһȥˡ
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л̬ǿӲѲֻεѲ԰
ϾΥϼɲС¡
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ȻѲһֱܲã羫Ӣѡ
Ѳ仰һЦࣿΪҹѲŴװŪİӣȫΪһ⣡벻Ҫǰţ
У͵࣬ǼһǳΣգұһѲ飡˵
Σյܹ࣬еùôྯ֣ͺúŰɣĳ֣һ԰ãѲһŵĿǣջǲóȥ
뱣Щ羫ӢҲĥˣֻľضӳϣ᲻Ҫڣ
ѲҲټֳȥ
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ͷļӳԱֵǿ̽ȥ
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ͻȻ֮䣬ڵСǰӳԱϷƮ
ʲô
ǰӳԱûӦͱ⼸ڵС˵ϡ

ҽ˲쳹ݣ




706¡
 

ǰŵļӳԱоԼӱʲôݺҧһڣʹȥˣ
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ţӳԱ̻Թȥ
˾Ծ㵣ױʲôҧˣԾȻǿң
Ѳ֪˵ز˾ڵССռڣöԸе˳ȥ
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±ȸ˿ӲȻҪߣ
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ѲɣЯˣô˿ߡ
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˼ӳݵʱ򣬹һĹЦ

ѲͷֵͲǿһֹ޷ǸĽ䡣
ֻԼԼճһκӰ
Ǿ֣Ѳ֮Ƿŭ֮ɫһﺦôң
ھȻҴڹЦֱ޷ˣ

Ѳһ£ڶྯ羫ӢԾտǹ׷׳ŹκӰ
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֪ˣ
Ѳһ߲ѣѣҧҵ±ĳֶ֩ҧˣڱȥҽԺⶾ
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Ȼȡ룬Щء
лֳ⣿Ѳʩչʮֲ졣
ΪһǴˣȻģ
лҵ˵óʦֻشҽΪѲղŵ³çһȥѲ飬Ҫôྯ羫Ӣˣ
Ѳ˵õͷȥго档
Ȼҽ
ʮֵĲ˼顣
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ڻǾҪ
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лֳ붯ǿԸǸѲҧߺ޵˵
лһȴû̴Ӧ뵽ǿ͹ʱѾ֮زز
ʱһֱС̬ƴʦˣԸаޣα鷳




707¡ƴʦ
 

ƴʦ仰лǰһ
ƶһʦ׼ˣ
ƴʦʩչͨΪл𾴵ķ
ѲҲƴʦ֮ģڴλʦǷʩչնɱ
ƴʦһݲȵɫӣҪݵķȥ
ȵȣҺһȥһ߸ӳԱⶾһ˵
ƴʦعͷȻԸаޣʦһӡ
³Ϻȡ
Ȼչ˸ҽƴʦʲô˲ġ
ҽаǰһöûС
Ҫֵи߳ܽ
ŸʣµӳԱⶾ֮󣬺ƴʦһԸ֡
û뵽ƴʦֱӾܾˡ
ƴʦһȥһǸعĶ֣˻һ䣺ƴʦ涾֩ڶ࣬±вٿ֣֩Ӧ
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СпѧǣоԼܵ˳
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УǧħռƤĿֲȤ
ҲΪʲôǧħÿףҪȥܺߵ沿Ƥ
Ƥٶ֮죬Ȼ鹦ǧħİֻ֩ţϴǧİƤ츳ʮھͿü侫ַȥܺ沿Ƥ
ƴʦг֣˸ķ
ǧħͷǳ£
ɫҲȻ
ԭ͸ͫ͸Ѫɷֻ֮νǧħɢġ
ŨѪɷ֮Ҳֻ֪ǧħɱִٰ࣬۳
ʱƴʦѾκᵡ֮ģɪɪĵȡʰ쵵ƿ
װƴʦðΣգӳɽػɽȡĻɽʯ
ֻɽʯ֮壬Ǿѵϡ
ֻƴʦƷһֱɽʯƵƿ
ƴʦͨżأ֪ǧħµ֮е
ͨĻ棬޷ѾΪΡΪǧħ˺
ʹûɽʯʩܶԸǰֻǧħ
ʦɣƴʦȡƿƷƿʱһϸĻɽʯ




708¡ƴʦ
 

һȻƾӨĻɽʯ䵽Уƴʦ˸һЩɽʯ֮ϡ
һ˲䣬ǣЩɽʯȻһſŻ򣬻ڣƬ԰ҹա
һĻάֺӾĿɿڴֻʣĤ֮ɫ
ʦȻǴʦ
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һſܵĻƴʦʹ֮£ǧħȥ
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ۼǧħߣ϶޷ĹƴʦԼľǲôš
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ڴǧħϡ
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709¡ɱ
 

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һųɱ
ֵ֩ͬһ㣬һƬ
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ȻֵֻܹĹһչⲫ
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ѵ壬ҲǷ༶
Ѿеˡ
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ǧħɽʯǿ⣬ֽһѪɷ֮ȻŰԶʮ֮ĹѲǶо
ܵѪɷ֮Ϣ񣬽ŵĻɽʯɵһŻ棬ǧħźȥ
ǧħѪɷ֮ԳӰ죬ʼʩſһ£һŨŨѪζɢŴӿƬɫ˿һ˹
һͻȻǧħǰʧˡ
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䣡
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ѹͷһڵĴʯ£רϴԸһˡ
Ѳһεĵͷллҵ£֮ǰûĻԲ𣡡
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˵ţҪ
һֻֽƴʦ𣬵ҶͽûȤ
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Ѿʮ꣬һ;޽һʦܰʦĻܻµͻƣ
ֻƴʦ֪ĸˣϲͽҲǺġ
ҶǳͷϹϾ˵ˣɱаһӽԺǲȻе΢ƶʡȦӣһ㱡
ƴʦǰƺ󹧣ù˳ޱȣǰİȫˡ
ƴʦľǲô⡣
ֻл飬ֻ꣬ȥ˯
Ͼ԰ůСƳڵء
ҹƳ⽿СĲ࣬ԼƳεһεĽߣͷֻȣҪлȥ
ʱͻȻ˵绰֮ͨǵ
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΢΢һ᰺۽Ҳȥ԰ķסˣ
У֮ǰýҰɱ붫ɽҪҵĽ
仰óͷӻȡ




710¡
 

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ص԰ķӺѾҹʮһˡ
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ͬʱƵĿ˳һۣô˵һϼŵĹףʡ£򷿾סӦɹ˾




711¡̯
 

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ᰣ׷ӶѣҾͲ鷳ˣ֮ǰʱûǵҲסֻһ
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712¡
 

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713¡
 

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ǵǿĽҲܵ־һʮĸ壡




714¡
 

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ųı֣¶һСı飬·ٸһ
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Сôˣϰ𣿡
Сʱʱ͹࿴ŵȻ֪Сʲô˼
ֻҹưɵĴпɲǣһСְرԻ⵽ĳͷ
Сһ˫ڰת˼£ſڵŽ㣬ǵġ
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СĵͷϲֵС¡ͷԼ򵥵ũˡ
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СһУʾȥ
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СͻȻһĨ֮ɫΪҽֵܣҾ㣬밲ŽԶ㣡δţ




715¡
 

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Сһһһ˵ûһҲˣϼңҾȥŽ㸸ĸף
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СȻûŵģŴûϲ
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ҵˣڹ˾ϰࡣķһ䡣
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СǿݹˣŭʵôÿӺܵͼȲѧڹ˾ϰࣿ
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ȷʵû뵽Сôߡ
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СС߳ưɴţ¶һĨаЦݡ
ӣҪҰһЦʵ
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716¡
 

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廨̫Ҳ壬żҲƷũСˡ
ŻǳŶýһ׸ӣһЦ˵
㺫ĹҲ֮Цʮֵķŵ
ŻǳиһƬȡ

СżСܣֲֽȥ
ں棬ڵС󣬰Ž㲻δôȥƣ
ƣǰŽң㶮ƨСǿӵ˵
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ԼΪʲôҪӣ




717¡ΪʲôҪǸ
 

仰ɣСóӾƿҺӵġ
ʱС޲ôó졣
˺ӣ˭ֵס㣡ɣСæͳߣСվԶһ㡣
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ӸղʻȴһԣɫѾŭ˼¡
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˵ţ˹ȥ
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Ժӵıɱ
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ƽʱӴ˶ðƣھȻڳѧʽ
˶㿴ųУΪһ߱ʬ塣




718¡ڵǸˣ
 

ѧ·ӣһ˽֣ض˲С
иһĨ֮ɫҪȫ¹ͷȫϡ
ʱ򿴿С̱ڵϣ֮ܲǰӲ
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Уҡ书ǿĺӣôɵĻˣ
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Сһ£֮ǰûаѳ̫ݣԼһСһϣҲ϶ǳĶ֡
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ʡһͲңˡ
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ӣգСӾȻ£ⳡӣֻﶨˣ




719¡Ƽ
 

ֻһ仰ú¶ɫ漴ֲмĿ˳һۡ
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ޱվţŵѾ־֮ɫ
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Ĵа
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723¡һ߹
 

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724¡Ÿϵ
 

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ڶϣȸŴ˸绰ȻᰡƳΡһʡҵģ׼μӿҵʡ




727¡ҵ
 

ϼŷֹ˾ʡҵһá
λŮſʱѾˡ
ϼŵĸ߲㣬̷ҺҲˡ
̷ү̷ɼӣԼһ̷ܳӵ̷ࡢ̷ά񣬶ֳ
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ʡƾƵҵűֽ־ļҲ˲٣Ѿʼ̷˺Щ˾ϰвɷá
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ܣǹˣ̷ɼЦʺ
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˼Ǿ͸̷֪˵Ǹ
⣬վһԵĳ΢Ц᰻Ὣ
ͳվһ̷ά̷໹ӵܣԼͬĿ˳һۣдžη֮ɫ
ǲΪʲôʵǿ󣬻Ҫֵ͵
ǵĻǽ֪ˡ
Ͼ˭ϣԼԶ
һӶڲϵ׷
̷άó͵ʵ̫ˡ
̷ܶ˶룬ĿΪ羴
Ԥϵ߻⣬Ҳ׼˴𰸣Ĵϸ˵̷Ҳ׵Ĳϼ£ǿǿϣ̷ɱųֵȨδٳ̷ҵĺҵܣˡ޿ɷ档




728¡
 

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칫ҵű򿪣߽һߴӢ꣬ƷƵĶװǻʸ衣




729¡ʸİݻ
 

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730¡ѧԺĴ˵
 

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ĸӾη̿ˣҸղûΪʧ
ܵϽڿߣΪÿµʲôز
޸ڵӣѾת뷨Ͳܳǲϵҡ




731¡ǲʵ
 

ʸ뿪̷ɼҲǻȥˡ
ϼŷֹ˾̷̷˰ᰴ
Ƴص֥á
ڳֱߵ飬ȫꡣ
˿Ÿƶֲ̹ܽ־绰ǰֲӻѵֱ
ϾҲһʱ䣬ٲȥϾҪˡ
ǲߣѾȰҪٺЩ競
ǲûȥǾԼˡ
ʱǲʣ䵱ǲʵ̰֣ǲѾǳˣ鶼֪òȥ
ľŷhҲ
߽֥õϢ׼־ĵ绰ʱǲȴȴˡ
üͷ΢΢һ壬ǲʿǵһ
ѵʲô飿
ͨ绰ֻǲЩ˵ܲܰһæ
ʲôæоСƺܲõӡ
ǲ̾һҾ֪ˡ
ãڹԢ͹ȥ֪ǲʵλú󣬳Ŵ򳵣ѧԺԵǲʹԢ
ǲһţͱӾȵˡ
ֻǲʽһͷ췢Ⱦ˺ɫױҲû֮ǰô³ǰˡ
֪ǲԸĻԻΪһԹŮ
̸ϹǲʲŴɫＷһ˿Ц⣬ѳ˽ȥ
׷ʲô£еʵ
ǲһЦ´磬ôң϶Ӧæģ԰ɣ
˵ҪҰʲôæɲ̴ӦֱûǲʵԸ
ǲʰ̾˵ҰҪȥμѡ
ѡһ㶣ŷӦǲʣ㲻ҿЦɣ
ִᣬȻѡַ⽨飿
ⲻǹŴ֮Ҳе
ǲʿЦһ´磬ûѡ
ҰһؼңǿȾغڷŮȻԼһʲôͣҳȥӴ
ǸҲʲôүһͨװУ֮˵ҺϸˣʸμǼүѡƻᣬҵʱһˣ
֪ԭνѡǸʡһŴѡţ˵СżУѡƯǧС㣬ȻȥμҾٰĴ;ƻᣬھƻϣѡһǧСҴڽӴ˵ײף
ŻȻĲɵø̾Ǯ˾ǻ氡
ʻŮʧ⣬ŴٻѡŮţ̫ˣ
λѡĺŴ٣Ȼ
ڳӡ͵竴١
ŷhõ
ǲʣôģɫʵǲʵ뷨
ǲ糣˵Ұ˵Ǹٳָ˧ƷѧţСѧжǳɼһ߿߻山ֻΪ山ѧУ̫Զȥʡϴѧ԰æ⣬˵ûѧҵͱΪҵš
ô˵ֱˣÿŮĿеˣǹһ˿ȵ
ǲʾΪͬĵͷҸĸĻȷʵļҾʡһң´֪֪ҵʵǸ컪Ҫǿأ
ŶҲǿɣЦЦʵ
ǲ´˵Ŷ㳤û˼˧ǮȨҲңǿ
ʵǲĻһ仰û˵óϾлɫشݣͷйϵУϲǫ̂ˡ
ǷģܹǰеĴ壬Щпɱȵġ
ǲʣȻô޸ǺܺΪʲôѡƲֵӡʵ
ǲһ̾һΪѡҲŲĵİȢŵķʽ氮˵ֻܿŮ˵ɴڽӴʱһ汻ѡϼ޽ңⱲӿɾ̫ˡ
㵽ôеûˡ
ǲиһ˿֮ɫ´磬װһҵѡҰȥμѡòã
ʲôһɵһ죬Уѣãôܼװѣ
װУѵ´뿴ұ𣿡ǲ¶һı顣
ǲ⸱ӣʱˡ
ȻüװǲʵѹֵֹģоеԲhⲻʧΪһð취
ֻһΣ²Ϊˡ
ðɣǲʣҾʹӦһΣǿ˵ˣһΡԴǵ˵




732¡ǰԼ
 

̫ˣлл´磡ǲʸ˵üȸԾˡ
һЦ
֮ǰСֱһһ´纰ñ˭Уԭ
´磬ھ͸ȥҰɣ
ȥңԣһ㶡
ǲʹŵЦݵǰҰۿ㣬ǾͲ˵ˣ߰ɣ
˵ţֱ֣߳Ԣ
ǲʵĸһֱ̺ܽϣϣhΪһĵĴǣԼҾͷˡ
ǲʵĸĸԽϼӹ̣ܽǲʾԽǿܣӡ
ǰΪǲʹȾһͷ췢ĸĸðСջȥˡ
ǲ⼸춼ֻܴ򳵡
·ϣţǲóֻƺ׼˭졣
΢ҵh֣ӣ𣬷ȥһϢhһŶ
ǲʣҪóʲôԶھǵķhϢûɵеš
õԸ񣬵·Ϊ
h֪ǲиŽССħŮ
˼ǲ˵ҪһãhͿʼ˼ˡ
ǲһЦķϢôŸֲѣֻװһҵѶѣҵĺý㣬㲻᲻ͬɣ
ʲôװѣǲʣ㲻˵ĻҡҿɲӦhɴ෢ˡ
ǲѾ϶ó
ǲ֪Դˡ
òԽ㻹вԵ
ǲֻǴ÷hһ£ҲܳԱˣ򵥵ĽһҪѡ顣
ȥ֮󣬹˶ʮ룬hŷʾ⣬ףԸǲܹɹ
ǲʵû뵽ȻôȣƬ̳Դףʹ󷽵ĴӦˡ
Լе㲻˼ˣԭ뿴᲻ء
ͷhǲʿ۳ȻĬĬţ˾͵Ŀĵء
˳Ѿʡḻ
ǲһߴų߽ڵĸߵСһ˵´磬ԼҾסűǼ˺ܶ࣬㲻ǣȥ길ĸͿԳˡ
΢΢ͷȴţС̫ˡ
ǲȥμѡ²ĸľ
ǲڼУ϶ڵˣܼ޸ҴٵĻԼҵĵλҲˮǴߡ
ĳϽѾһҵˡ
ǲֻҵеƷ˭飬ѾԼ־
űȥֻһװ޺ǰͣһԼС֮
ǲ֪ҪϷȫˡ
ǵסֱۣױȥ
߽ӭˡ
һһŮеĴԼʮ߰꣬Ųüĸߵװλ١
Ůжʮ꣬ǲ곤žµױݣֻòͱǲʲԶˡ
ǲʴһͨŮɵþˡ
ãô˻ǸŮʵͬʱεͶȥĵ
λĿ˳һۣмлһ˿ŭ⡣
ȻΪǲʵܣˡ
ǲԼһеߣԱŮӳΪá
ƺҲԼǲ𳤵ζ
Ϊǲڼ̫ˣһϿũŮȻѹʡ᱾һȫŮܳ谮òԼӶǲʡ
ԳǰŮΪ
ýʣǲĲĻش㣬˼ص㣬ҵѡ
ʲôǲʵý磬øλ٣¶Ӿɫ
λٳŵĿڵãѾȥμѡˣھȻ˸ѻ֪֪жأ
ո磬ڶʲôˣѵһûԼѡѵȨ𣿡ǲʲ˵
Ը˵ãҪ֪ԼҿʡţŮԼȨһжĻҪǱ֪ͻȻѣʱٵŭԼҶܲס
ҲܣҲȥǸѡģھ͸Ұ˵ȥǲԵų֣ͥԺסȥ
ԸպĿǲ뿪˶һۣкϷˡ
ڼһ϶ԸգΪ˵ǣõԡ
¶һĨֻЦݡ
ԼұѡǧС㣬ʱֻǲһ˱ѡϣ缵ʵӷ졣




733¡ĸ
 

ʡһ٣Ҿʮȫʮ
ζ޸ˡ
Ȼˣ
֪ǲʵòܴıС
缵ʵ÷ʱǲʾȻһ
˵ʵղЦˡ
ðãΪʲôô벻أ
ʡһ㿴ϣȻһ˿
һ˺Ĵ
ºˣ֪ǲʾԻ⵽峤ĳͷ
ϣһҪסǧ𷴻ڣȥμѡ
ֻҪ˽ѡôǲʾͳ׵ˡ
Լȥҽ³ͷ³ҡ
磬ǽȥƣ缫Լֻ֮ɫ
ñԸշ֡
Ըˣǿ϶ͬúǸһģнˡ
ֻſϷ˼óֱֻڼһ΢Ⱥһǲ˸ѣĸϢ
˲΢ȺըˣԼҵүСǷ׷ױʾҪϷ澭Ӫ߳ԺֵĶϻˡ
ǲѾųĸסľ
ΪŮǲʵĹϵԭ˿İˮԱ꣬ҷֵԼűеһס
ΪҪŮμѡ飬Աûгȥ⣬ڼ׼μӾƻ·ʱѧϰƻǡ
Ȼ캣аˮᵽʡ᱾ңΪԱ򸾳ܵͣԼұ֮󣬻ûвμӹһľƻᡣ
ǿŮ棬Ա򸾲ȥμٿľƻᣬҵһȥǲμľƻᡣ
ľƻҲѡô򵥣ʡ̽ͷԼһʢᡣ
ͷҵ弸ᵽʡһ쵼ݰ١
¡صľƻỹаʱ䣬ԱѾ˷ܽŵƬ̶סˡ
ûؽĸ߼÷죬ʱü
ԱΪŮᰲֵַĴڼ´磬ƯŮױȻһȥμҾƻᡣ
һŮȥˡ
Ա꽹֮£绰ŮóֻȴŮһİֱۣ˽
žһԱֻڵأŭӵʵǲʣ˭
ԱʻҲתʱŵˡ
гҵѣǲҧ˵
֪仰Իøĸǳ
¹ԼҸζ˵
Ա֮£ϴܣ˲ͻðˣ
ԱŸЩ˹ȥñŮ÷ס
ŮȻ˸ѻ
ҪǱ֪Իŭ
µǣһҴȥԼҶҪŮۣ
ǲʣҪְԱüŭĿ߹һͨҪȥμҾƻˣھȻ˸Ұ˻֪жҪˣ
Աһŭۺŭĵһ֮£Ȼֳе졣
㡢ǣ
ãҽгǳ¼ҴչĶӡòĴ˸к
ŵϵϰԱ꣬˼꣬ɵепеʱ⡣
ʱԱ˵ɲôá
˭ˣ
ԭǳ¼ҴչĶӣϳǸ꣡
Ա֮ԶԳӡΪһ꣬չʱСӾȻﵽǼҺ͵Ůϴ裡
ʱǲʻǸӣʮ갡
СӾͼı죬۾Ů֮ˣ
û뵽ȥȻŮѵٴγ֣¸ǻϽͣԱ̣
Ա꿴ôŭĲеΡ
֪Աʲô϶Ϊ͵ԱŮϴ顣
ʵȥԱʱ֪ԱŮǲʣ˵֪ǲϴ衣
ֻǵʱиԱǽȥֲԾȥǸ͵ԱҲǿ϶͵ϴˡ
Ǹû͵ɹͱܣҲûпϴǲʡ
Ȼ֮ǰڴѧǺǲʼ棬һ¾ͽϳˡ
Ա꽫͵ǲϴ֮ˣôͣԱ궼ţȥԱʼһ
һԱðŭȵСӣǸɫߣڻŮ㵱Աصǲǣ
˵ţƾҪк
ǲ̽Ǽǲ˵֣㵽˵ʲôһ𣬴ûռұˣʲôɫߣ㲻ܴ




734¡Լҵŭ
 

ŮڳǰԱһƾȲȥˡ
ֻɫøðǰˣ͸첲ǲǣ֪ҾͲ㵱Ů
Ա仰˵÷ǳأɫˡ
ǲһǷһۣ
Ӥʱھͱhĸ͸ԱңԱȻӳǲʼĺ̫ˣͨǲʳΪĴǣһ죬뺮š
Ӷǲʵĸ˸ܡ
ҲǲԵ֮һ
Ȼǲʺϲ裬Ҳ̤;ϲǣűߣָо뵽ԼǱĸһ
ĳ̶ֳϽǲȱĺӣĸˣĸϣͨ׬ǮٱǱ˿
ǲʵ֣Ǹοһ£漴˵壬ȻǲʵŮѡɡ
ѡеѡСӣ֪Υʡһҵĺжأ
ȻŮᣬԱ֪ڲŮʱ
ǲʣԹȥμҾƻᣬ˵㻹ǲŮҺԼҶȥѵ뿴Ǳϻȥˮ𣿡
֣ŮѾǾԲȥμʲôѡģǱϻȥĻŮǣǲҧӣȻȻ˵
˾Ȼ·𿴵ַhӰӡ
hĳ飬ҲȻ
Ա仰ȴǳ׵ʧˣҡҡͷǲʣǰ˵ǻأĻֻܰ㽻峤ˣ
֣˭Ȱ˵Ҷıģǲ˵仰ʱȾŷۺɫָ׶첲ˣԸоܽš
ţǲʶԼ峤ǳη壬Ҫ峤ãѾˣֻϳǿ
ԱŮӲҡҡͷ߳ȥ
ǲʼ״Ǳĸ첲֪ȥʲôˣԥҪҪ뿪
ǿĸĵӣǲʲԼ뿪ĸܵĳͷ
Ǿ
֮ԱޱĻˣŮ䵭˵ȥ裬Ҳһ
ǲ֪˵ʱˣĸԼһԱ˳ȥ
ʱԼұѾۼˡ
˼峤⣬ЩӵҲˡ
ǲʵøԸպýҲС
ԸɫʼճţһĨϷʵĻȡ
ɨһԼӣֲ˶һֳֻӡ
ǲʵŮݣԼкܲ
ǲʹâ̫ʢ˼ʣͨƽʵŮҲᱻЩԼӵƲ
Σǳɼ̫ˡ
Ҳǲȱ֮һ
ֻǲ§첲һ㣬ϾСΨһˡ
һԱѾȫʧȥ˻Ȩ
Լҳڴзλǲһİĸ첲Щɫȫ࣬г˷ŭ
λϣǲʵĴ˲ͳǲʣҪȥμҾƻᣬھȻ˸˻𻵼棡̺еƲϵ󲮿Բ㣡
󲮣ҵѣҲ뿪ģҽҴôǧСѡһ٣ǲ˵һõ˵ǡ
Լҳǲ仰ȴǷ׷ҡͷ⺢ӻ̫ᡢ̫ˣ˼벻졣
ѡȱ˵
ǲʲȥμѡĻԼʡķչӴ˾ѽһˡ
֮ǲʱѡУôԼҲŷɻڴ
ǲһˣѾԼҵˡ
ǲʵĴǲʣ̫ͿˣҼ޸٣ԺǵĿɽԼʡԷչɶ壻ôһСӣܵõʲôһܿ𣿡
ǲʴ󲮵ĻԼ˾ȥ
ǵĿŭͲм
ӵһ֮ɫȫƲŻʶͨ
ͨһϾ˶ףֱжϳļҾжôƶЩĺүС㣬̫ˡ
ܵЩĿ⣬Ϊ⣬Ѿϰˡ
ʵϳһֱ˶ףֻǾúܺʣҳǶ·ûʲôȤˡ
˵ϣо˶Գɣǲҧҧѳʵݹ
ʵʡͷ컪Ҫ
ʲô
ǲ仰ȫԼ˾¶֮ɫ




735¡ĳŵ
 

Լ˲֮ȫתΪ޷ŵɫ
˭ǰͨͨʮˣʡͷУ
ֱһЦ
Լӵǣ̲ס͵Ц
磬ûͶЦˡ
û뵽ӵǲʣȻ޴Ļԣƭ峤
ǰѳǵɵ
ȻλϵԼҳӲˣǲʵĴɫǲʣӹ棬ҹҹݰɣһֱûѵ㣡ԽԽˣΪһСӣȻҶЩѣҿǱСϣɣǧС㣬СӸûʸһ𣡡
󲮣ûƭ㣬һ绰컪ʹһʹӦö֪ǲʼ󲮲ţҹưɵ
ʱԼٴ¶֮ɫ
ֵֵôԼΪŵȻҲյϢ
һ˼ֵ˵Ǻڿɶʱĳλ˳ͻλдԾǽ컪
ҪŽ컪Ϊ¶棬һ򲻿ܵ顣
컪Ǻεݺʡ磬嶼Ҫ컪ӡ
ǲСӣһũ
ҪԼ˽ͽ컪ϵܣ˵Ž컪᳼ڳ
ǲʣΪһСˣһ򲽽Сǽ컪Ĵ磬ҲȲҴ٣ôѵ֪ѡ𣿡ǲʵĴɫȰ
ǲĸоˣȷʵ޷֤н컪Ĺϵǳܰѽ컪й
ҶԳҪΪǷ̫ˡ
ǲƿԣĴΪ⺢ͨˣԳŭĿȵСӣӣûһ֪֮ԼǧҲʵϵģϽҹҾͽбˣ
ҺǲûʲôʲʵģǲʡĿƽ˵
ĻȴԼӵһЦ
˿Ҳ̫֪ôˣ
ִͷᵽŵҲȨ
һ֦ͷˣͨӭȢǧıԼˡ
ֻ˵ǳ˵Σ
ǲʵĴصһСӣ䲻ǲʣοǲԼˣǼ飬ֵõܣô֪ôʱҵŭе𣿸Ͽڣȥ
ܿܽ׳ʵıڣҪѳϳȥ
Ȼ˿ֱӰѼ˵ʮ׿⡣
⻹ǳ֣⼸ھֱӷɳȥˡ
һѾԼ˸е𾪣û뵽Ǹӡ
ֲøҹһˣԼұ磡
ԭ̰
ǲһϲչ¶书ˣϣ峤ͬͳһ
ȻǲˣԼֻǾڳ֣Ʋġ
Ͼ书ʲôϡ飬οڶʡС
ǲʵĴ󲮳Сӣԭ书ҪԼˣ
û˼죬һ뿪ġ˵漴ǲʵС֡
ǲʶʱˣô죿
ǲʣİɣᣬһȥġǲ΢΢һЦ
ѾԼ˵ͨˣ˳ֱ˶ϡ
Լ仰ȫƬ̡
СĵǰȥҾƻ᣿
˵ȫûнʸ
һ˵ǲʵĴ󲮵ڵǲʣߣСбµĻ㣡
ʵϣǲʵĴǣĳҾƻϣСӾԻΪܵҴٵĲ
ĻҾƻ𣿡ǲһ׶ûС
ұϾʡһ壬ֵҹܼҺš
ȥˣһȥ
Ůһ뷨֣ʧ롣
ǲʣһȥģҺĳŵԲ£º͵İ
ǲʴʱֻѡųֻΪȥģеССʧ䡣
ʼգΪֶΪhûкò
Ŀͳ߳ԼұǲһգͻȻųıӰһһҪ
ܿʧ˵֮С
ãСӾҪӺƭ㣬Ϊȥ𣿸οûʸμҾƻᡣһԵ磬Ŀڵ
ǲȻûףҧӣȻһģҲܼ޸




736¡ҹ
 

ãԼ˵ģʱɱ𷴻ڡ⼷һ䡣
ǲʽһͱλԵߵ
ǲʵĴתͷԱ˵ǲʽȥױᣬκβأ
ԱæͷϽǲʴԼұȥ
ص֥ãƳһʵôhõ𣿡
ûУһȥҾƻᣬһЩ顣΢΢ҡͷ˵
Ƴζʱ¶֮ɫҪȥҾƻ᣿ҿ϶ΪͷȥĻ᲻Σգ
ǲҪȥμѡֻǰӰˣҵ֣һ˳Ǻܼ򵥵ġΪ˵
ҿ϶֪ʡһЩٶˣʡᶥ˵ļ壬ΪһСǧСԿ϶Ҫ˼һ
ƳλЩĵ˵СһŶʲôǵô绰һ߱㡣
İɣзִ硣˵ţ߽Ϣ
ʱֻ
һȻ־ģλƶֲ̹ܽ٣ѾȲҪȥˡ
ͨ绰ֻ֮־𾴵˵ʲôʱ򷽱ǻأ
֮ͿԡŽǲʵ꣬ʡʱҲûˡ
־һг˾ϲ̫ˣ͹
ʵ˵ԹȥҲִЭġ
Ϊôûϵ־ĳͷԣ˱ͳǩЭ顣
Ӧ̹ܽ٣Ǿ˵ˡ
ͨ绰ϢɳϱĿżȥæ
ʱܿӣʱˣţǰҾƻڡ
˴Ҿƻʡᶥŵʢ磬һ֪˴ξƻһ˽ׯ԰ٰ졣
˽ׯ԰ɹ԰ɣׯ԰ϰҹϵܺãһ㸻ҺŸûʸׯ԰ٰƻᡣ
ȻƻʽʼһСʱʱ䣬ʱׯ԰ͣѾͣһź
۰µ洦ɼᡢ˹˹ǧҲϡС
˵ʡĶšҵˡ
ƻ᲻Ҵѡô򵥣ʡ̽ʢᡣ
ʡͷҵԼ֮⣬ԶšʢҲȫ
ԶŶ³붫ɽͼȨϡ
˽μӾƻᣬҲǱģѾȫɱϹ֣һҪӱ
⣬ƿʡȦҲˣʡ壬ļۡ
Ψ̷ûб룬ʡҵϼţҵʿѾоʲô
ʢᣬû̷̷ֵ֣Ҳᱻ롣
Ҫ̷ų⡣
Ҳζҡϼź̷ҡϼŵҵս졣
Ĵ󶥼֮⣬ССʡἯŹ˾ż壬Ҳմˡ
ư޷硢ֵֻĴҲвٹμӡ
Щ϶һʵݣĳ˾ϰ壬ĳĳҵҡ
ȻһſĺעĿĻһ۵İµϡ
ΪʡһֵС
ʡһ쵼ǽһͱҵȼŶ³ӭƻͨŸûнӴĻᡣ
ⳡʢᣬҪ¡صöࡣ
ʱŷʽĺׯ԰һλλ̽ɹʿγһСȦӣžƱ̸ЦҲǳ߶ˣȫǹʡƶʡδľߺͲҵչ
үСûкʹ˳һ𣬸ȦԺ֡
֮ǰȥǲѣչ˾֮ǲʵĺǧΡ˾˼˼Լְķǣ;۵һ
ʮĸɳǰһߺȾƳԵģһ̸Ц
ʶָׯ԰һλλһٴٹȻ
һ̸֮ȺĽתƵϡ
ΪҲҪμѡ
Ϊ˵õҴٵνùˣһϮѡ漺ɫֵʮñңе
δ˿ǳԼҴѡУǾǿȸˣܹһӶ̫ˣ
ΣĽŶǼңûѡңһС˵
һĸǵ⣬ǹЦٵ۹ôߣûѡϺ
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ԭܵǲʱѡϲμѡġ
ϾϲǲʣҪҴĻһͿء
ô˵ķ˺ܶࡣ
ζ϶ǲʲᱻѡϲμѡʽׯ԰ſڳֵһȺˣɫòÿˡ
ׯ԰ſڣǰμӾƻСԼңǲʵĸĸ峤ԼԼӵܣŵϺŵĶˡ
ԸպҲС
ܹμֶƻᣬǷǳ飬弸ȫԱûô˹
Լӵ֮УעĿĵȻǲʡ
һϮԻĺɫɶ˿ɵ֧Ƿװʦ׵ŵƣֵʮ2011˹佱ϣŮǰݺɪޱͬ
ûеƣͻǲʵ硢ǣԼֵʯ
ΪܹǲӱԼҿǺľ˼Ǯϸǲ
Ȼǲһǳ̳Ϊׯ԰ҫ۶ĿĴڡ
ϻŵĴ磬ȫǰμѡǧС㣬ͨͨȥ
ǲȣ޹⡣
Ҳǲʵĵ׷ױǲʵװ羪޵ˡ
Ȼǲ죬ǻǵһμǲʴ˶ׯﻹСħŮӣ
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ǣӵŮվǱУǰμѡˣ
ǲʵˣٷ֮ٻᱻѡУ
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ǲʺԼһ󣬿ǣԸĸ˵裬󲮣ҿѣȥǴк
˳ǲʵĿ⣬Ա򸾺ǲʴ󲮿һȺ
ϳмλүС㡣
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Ȧ˴ùϵҪ
ЩǲʵǲʵĴ󲮵ͷʾԹȥ
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θӲˬˣôұѡܾһΪѡء
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Ȼǣֻǲ뱻ҵĻ¡ǲֱԲ˵
ڶ฻Сһ뱻Ҷûأǲʷһ鲻Ըӡ
˱ˡ
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ҵ޷֡
ҴĴڣоܾ
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Ȼǲ仰ȴһڸˣһ˼ɫǲʡ
һ۸ڶ߰ԴС㣬ĺǸ˿һˣ
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ζܲˡ
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ˣҲǶ˵ˣҰ軹Ǳߵңȹȥˣݰݣǲ˵ţźɫ߻ظĸߡ
ͬʱׯ԰ſһۣڴ֡
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ѡ̨ĳأʱÿǧС㶼Ҫ̨ѡ
ǲʺϲ̨ݣһζ̨
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ʾƻ뺯˵
μƻģĸŹʣһƣ
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ȥҹµ˵˵ϼųλᡣԼݡ
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⸱ĳŵܻ߹ӣ
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һֱעׯ԰ſڵһһΪ˿ûûйȥ̨Ǳߡ
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߶ſڣɵЦ
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һׯ԰ܶ˶ˡ
λүǽҴٵʡһ˶ܺ˭
ʮԼԸաԼӵܣӶԳгһʱֻ֮
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ӣ۳ʲôѣʼսΪѣҵĴ֮óΪ˲ֻǵﺫ竴ٶѣ˱Ϊų




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ԣЦҲǺҡˣ
ӣˡﲢη庫Һҡ
ΪƿصʡҵԼһϵ˲ҵҵ
ﲢͷԷȲŸͷǹϵǷh
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ΪһŮǿˣܶúףǷhǩԼȣҵĴѹʲô
ʱǩh˵ʡһͷΣҪͷˡ
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ĶıӰһҵҪжͣסճµģ
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˭õȻһϵ
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ݵĻǾòûʲô˲ġ
Ͼףʼղˡ
ҳÿγֶǴźᣬȻҾƶҲ˵Ҳûչ˳ݡ
μӾƻᣬûиһ
ⲻǴ
ʮ۷׷ףֳ̽һĽ
Ǿǳҵݡ
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ǰʼԵһȣݹϵóҴǲʡ
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Ψ뷨෴ģֻҪѡʱ£ôǲһ군
һע⵽һЩˣ߻Լˣȫˡ
⣬ɨһۺ󣬱Ǹ̨ȥ
Ѿۼ฻үС㣬м峤Թۡ
ǶϣԼǧС㣬ܹѡУôҲܸŷһˡ
ղ˵ҪһλѣҪ˭ҿ԰æĵʵ
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ԭˡ˵ͷ
˵һʵһǽѡˣвμѡǧСƬҶоǲʡ
С㻹ˣҺҹϵ̲Ӧһ䡣
ϸһĨְҵЦݣʡҵͷоҲкĹϵһҪƴһҸүѡţȻҪٰ㹻¡أƿʡȦѡˣŲΡ
ѡѡǹŴʵΪǺôͷķһ䡣
ҲǸ̾˵ǰӣܺ˽⣬ʵȦҲкܶĵΪڡ
ˣҪǲʣʲô𣿡
ǲʱ˺Ƭоǲʺͷh񣬶ֺͷhϵǳòĳЩ롣
뷨һ˿˷ܡ
²ǲǷhãȦһţ
ǲʲμѡġ
ʱ͸¶Լʵͼˣ֪ˡ
˵ӣҲöʣһѡ̨
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һҴһߵĺʽ̨ʵ塢͵гλٵź͹ʡ
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Ѿ׻ˣǰƬĻᶼûУڿ˾Ȼôߴ˧ֱ˷ܵÿסˡ




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ĪĶһоûУҲ֪Ϊʲô
˿̣ǲʵԺֻһˣǾǽѣ
ֻǳٳûг֣ǲѾӽΪѾʧˡ
ţҵȻ̫ˡ
ʡͷҲҪɵҵʵ
ûǺġ
ǲʾԳˡ
⽥ϲһɫһŮ
ȴţıѡУңҵıһһɳΪǣԽҲǲܡ
Ҳͦõ
Ů˼ͬںˮиȴ뷨ֵһ֮󣬷еնתΪһƬΪı֮С
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Ͼʡһ٣͹ŴҲûʲôˡ
ȷʵڶүСʸ
ʵе㿴⸱̬ȣֻǺҵܴκ˽˻ŻͲڵһǧ𣬳С̨ҽܡ
һúܾµİ׸ʮֽŵ̨
ĸĸԼ峤߬ˣ׸Ҫš
ּܷԾţһˡ
С̨ȶ˸׼ǣ󿪿ڵãҽгѼѣСͿʼǣѧϰ黭֮ɼѧԺѧڼѾʼӪ⣬ޣʸܹ
ֻǵĿ˳Сһۣ˰֣ʲôҲû˵
ȻȴóСıһƬ
֪ԼûϷˣ̲ס۵һ޳̨
һǧСĽ̨»ȻһƬ
û뵽ٵı׼֮ߣôǧֻǿһۣ˽˼ûУͰѳС̨ˡ
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ڰְ˼Ҹȥʲô˼
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ҽʮ꣬Ү³ѧģѧУѧרҵÿɼŽǰһϲգѧʱμѧУմùһȽСŮϵáµóѡҵĻԲʧ
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󸾰Ļ
󸾾ĸףˡ
ֻ˲ŮǿˣһԸӡ
˵˳ۣڶ׷װԽпˡ
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ĳЦ۹湻ߵģȻûһ˳ۡ
ǲʻûϳɱŵ͵
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ֻ˼ǲϣֻϣҲǲʿ˳ۡ
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ŮһһЦˣ




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棬Ա޲̨̳Ůһˡ
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Щһֱռϡ
ʡᣬ˱֥ãۻشԶŵһϵгͻϼųɹʡֹ˾
ֱҹư˺ӣ̧컪ı
Щ飬֪һ
ȴû뵽ǰλԼС㣬Ҳǹϵǳ
һۿǲʵʱ򣬾;Ȣˡ
ŮϣҲԣ
λҴĵŭ˲䱬ǲʵ񣬸ӵ˷
ǧСȻϲǸСӣ͸ӾҪȡ
ǲĿ⣬ȴǺ壬ɫȻ˵ô㲻𣿡
ûڣ̨µѾ̲סǲϹˣʡᣬĸ˱Ҷ㣿ʲôûǷһôܺͲȣ
Ϊ㲻ˣǲһ
ѾȥˣҲһ㶼
ҲͲü޸ˡ
ʱĿڣ˵Ǹгı㣬أѡΪʲôֹ
ɱžԵš
ǲʵĻΪͳ˵Ĺϵ
ԼŮѼμѡȴûֹ
˵һ飬Сӵʡ֮󣬲Һԡ
뵽һ㣬ĳޱȡ
ٴʦΣ
ҵĵ̣ùԹԵţ
ٵĻҲܿ췴Ӧˡ
ǰŮѶҪ޸ˣǸгļȻ㣬ΪʲôֹŮѲμѡأ
ԼȲ
Լ˺ǣֳ֪Ϊˡ
Ͼǲʶ̨ôã֡
ûȥ
Ͳòġ
ﵹǱȽ̨
Ͼ̨Ͽʡһ٣˭̨ԣ
֪֮￴Ǻ飬˲ܳɾʹ¡
ʣǲһʱ֮Զԡ
ûг֣ȷʵʧΪԳ첻µزµԸ񣬾ԻΪͷ
ϾӸộֱӿ⣬ʤ
ǳӦȴûйˣʲôԭ
ǲţԼҲʳ԰ɡ
ʡһʵ̫ˣͷҲ濪ս
ǲʻǲģȫңҲΪֽŵϷԵˡ
ӦңģǲҧǿĿ˵
ЦҡҡͷСҪĻͳˡ
Ȼ϶ҹ
ǲʣõǸثˣӽʼŮˣ
ˣѡǲΪӡ
ǲһƥѱСҰ
ƽЩֺٵ޼Ҫϰٱ
ѾȲ߰ǿСŮˡ
̨֮ѾǺȻһƬ
Լǧһֱϵ٣ȴԥѡ
ʵ˴۾
ˣԭϲҰԵŮˡ
ζ˭Ҳ벻
Ͼ֮ǰҵŮˣĸ޵ĸϵãµó
ǲУòȴռ
ȻٵѡҲûл˵
һǧС㣬ǲͶȥĽĿ⡣




743¡̨
 

Ա򸾣ԼһԼˣȫϲ
ԭѾˣζ벻Ľ
ֻҪǲʴӦԼҴӴ˾ԾţʡڶСӱ
Ȼǲһ仰ֽԼ˵λ顣
Ҿܾ
Ҳ޸㣡
ǲʵĻȫĻȻ֮ǿˡ
ǧС֮õ飬ǲʾȻ붼;ܾˣ
ֱ̫ˣ
Ѿ
ûһŮˣҿھܾ
οǾܾΪӡ
ǰŮ̫֪ôˣ
ðȻҶӶҾܾҿԼǲǣ˵ŭȱˡ
һԵԼҳϽԷ
ˣ٣ǲֻе棬Ĳң
Լ¶ͬ£
٣ҪǲʣǴȰ˵һԹԵļ޸
ΪܹǲʼңԼ¶˱ϥ֮¡
ǲ̨Ͽöˡ
оԼ·ƷֻԼıȡǮƵλĹߡ
˼һԼ˶ķУŭƽϢһСԺңɲôˣҿȰ췹ɣ
û⡢û⣬˵㣡ԼҳϽӦ
ǻͲٺǲ̶˷֮ʵô¾Ȳˡ
ˣСȥϴ裬ȻҶӷһӣ̨Ҫǲʴߡ
иֻȵĹâ뿴С֪ǲʱŪϴˣʲô顣
Ҫǲʾŵæ˺󼸲
ôû뵽μѡѡϣȻҪԼ
ң̨µԼûһԱ򸾡
ŮҪǺģǶΪãҲΪ˼棡Ա򸾣˿ֻһ뷨
ۿ˾Ҫǿдˣǲʾĺ´磬Ϊʲôң
⸱ΣվסˣһƮȻʧȺ֮УԸյӵܸ
ֻоһӰƮ䵽̨ϣǲǰ˵
Ǽ䣬Ŀⶼϻ۶ȥ
һͨͨˣ˾Ծ治ѡ
˭
Ǹ۵ѰΪʲôôãٶô죿
̨˲²ʱǲʿϤıӰˢһ¾
ˣǲϲȭڳ˼¡
Ϊʲôڲ֪֪ҸղŲҧԾˣ
ͷǲ¶һǸȻЦݣ˵µġ
˵ĶԻǾٶȫȫС
˭ˣǰһ̯Ȼǲʷ˵ٸˣ
Ȼ˾ó书ȷʵر֮
۳ࡢǮƱȵù٣
ٴθ֮ɫ
û뵽ĸҳҾƻϡ
һ˸ߵĵǳֱӵѡ̨
𾪹гŭ⣺ôĵӣȻҴҾƻ
þòĿתϣЦЦ˵ϴһ㻹ҪǮǲ˼
һоˣԭ֮ǰйһιڡ
ֲûٿķǻһܳ
ٵķǱٻˡ
ֵǧķٵİ֮ǰͰٵˡ
ھȻҾƻϳ֣˶֪
ĺĺŭգһһûˣ㵹ãԼҿ㻹ܲΪΪ
˵ţֱȥȫ
о鼴úأÿ˵ɫˡ
Ҫ
ԼһӺˣû뵽Ȼƻѡ
ɫҲЩÿʡ۾ƻٿȴᣬߵһֳʲôĻЩ֪Ӱܲá
٣ҵѣӣҪͳƽϡվ˳Ϊ̻
ЦһС㣬ʵʲôˣԱӻģճµѾҵУӻǺս
˵أɫ΢΢һ䣬Ŀ˳һۡ
İƻѡô
ΪеģһʵۺĶ
УʼǸεĸѡ




744¡˶
 

Ҳóˡ
ֻͨԲҺҶԿ
ֻҪҪΪ˳ңһԥջ˿ˡ
ȻҼ֮Ůܴҡ
ü峤֪Ϊ̻սôǼˡ
ʱҵıڵʦŵ£Ѿȫ룬ΧסƬ̨̨µһںż塣
ÿ˶ôļŵˡ
Ϊ˶ԸһֲˣȻȫˡ
ҵܼһĺţ˶ʶҲ֪λѧʦʡһ֡
ŶԸˣ֪֣϶Ҫǿöࡣ
ؿĺϷˡ
ʮֻ̨
ϳʡͷн컪ԣƽµ߳⡣
֮ΪкݵıӻҲǲ²ңӹһ١
û뵽ȻҲкĹڣǳ׵ҡ
¾Ҷסˡ
뿴ᱻ裡
ЩƲԼˣҲһϣ
Ͼ̨Լҵδ
ÿԼ˶ѳ޵ȥˡ
ţһ£ѳǲһԺͲڼ￴۵ǲˡ
ôұΧסǲҲ
֪ܴ򣬵ôౣڣʡһֺţܶԸ
˶ϰãҲǺһ뷨һ֮ɫ
ұȻڶ࣬ڽʡ̽ʢᣬ˽²ǹеҲôñЯ
ЩֻЯıڣϵʦţȫ
˵֪ʲôҵĵ̺˶ϣֻ˵̫ˣ
ΪҪƾƲ㣿ΪƾԼһ书Ϳ޼ɣ
Ҹ㣬ĺ֮ǰǸЦ
ʡڶƼȫΪ˷Ҷһһ仰ͿжΪΥؽ
Ŷ𣿡ţͲץΥİѱҾҲа취
ʼղײĲӣЦҡҡͷ֪ȡԭ򣡡
˵仰һȺ̨˹
һȺװġ¹ڳˣЩˣƶʡ̽Ĵʮ㡣
һϣȳȻҼԡ
ѡ̨ߵֵô󣬱մѾͣˡ
ƻᣬԶӷĲ£˱˸˹
ϾʦԲʦҲҪһλʦӡ
֣׵ӭ˹ȥ
Դһڴ̨
ôĵ̨˸ǳϻ̳Ͽֻ֣ʣ¾η֮ɫ
ҵȻ̫ˣԹߵ飬ôʡųų
Ϥףڵ֣Ƿǽܲɷá
ִܲá쵼ˡ
СӾǳһ̨ѹĿȥ
ͷǳ
ܺáܺãɫ˵һŭƱ˾ʢҵľƻˣҶѡŮˣøӢ۾ͺܴ󰡣
óԱڿ佱ʵȴλҼŭǰס
ҽֻΪ˰һ飬ǾǴǲ뿪ģ̺һ˿˵ڽԸңԾܳ֡
вԵĻ̲סһЦ
ݺʡʮ꣬ʲôʱв
½ʦ˵ţɫͻȻ׳Ҳʲôط߶ʲôҶԸ㣬ҪԳ𣿡
ҵЩѣһ仰һη书ٸߣɷԿ
ǺǣҾǿʲôȨԽҶĻؾ
ԣɫȻһԹԸףǶԿɷץ
ʱ̨һұΧ˹ȥ
¶ޱȵЦ⡣
ֻҪһʡ㶼Ը˽ءвȫԼ˵ȵ
֮ǰӰ˺ӡʡеȵȡ
ﲢʮηˣ
һλʦ书ٸߣҲһְ취ʦһΪ




745¡˭Ҷ
 

ܣһɾСӺϹͶӣΪֹʱһױĹ󸾿˵
˵껰һ˫۾Թ޵ĵų
󸾣ĲЦ
ԭǷ붫ɽŷˣ
˴ԶŲμӾƻᣬ϶Ըˡ
ֻ֣̽ͨԸ֪ҪĴۡ
Զ˱ϼҲǲܡ
ⲻǳĵ顣
Զų綼ڷϡ
仰ǷЦԭ˽μӾƻᣬҲΪ˶Ը
ڳֶһɱɷԸӶ϶С군ˣ
ֻҪʵĻֱǹС
Թ䷸书ٸҲӲɷƲãɣ絶ֱֱĶס
̨£졢桢ϷʡĺֻĿ⣬۶
ǡԼˣû뵽Ȼ붫ɽ֮йء
ǳɱķ붫ɽӣô˭Ҳˣ
óǰյڳ׷سϡ
ҳĺزϰ嶾һ٣Ҫ򱶡
ǲҲ˵ĻˣȻɱɷ
⻹ʶǸ
ȫųɱˡ
֮䣬ôʡ쵼ڳ³Ҫηˣ
뵽Լóȴ˳ǲޱȵĺڡ
Լ˽ѣ
Ŀڳɨǵ֮ɫ
ʦ˲ΪԼ޵У
Ȩǰ˵ǿҲ޷С
ΪҪ־ܵʱһ˪Ӻ󷽴˹
˭Ҷ
˷׷׻ͷȥֻׯ԰ſֽһȺˡ
һǴŹŵɫȹɫµıɽŮһȺְҵװŮһʮ㡣
ɽŲ̊ϵĳ΢΢죬᰺̷ôˣ
һ룬϶ƳνҪ飬㡣
̷ҵֶΣҪ֪ҾƻµϢҲܼ򵥡
ƶûᰡ̷ɼһ̷ˣ˹ġ
̨µȺ糱ˮ˿ᰲŸ߸Ь߹ӣɽŮʮ㣬ѹ̨ϵһͷ
᰾ǵգȫĴǧСȻʧɫ
ʹڵǲʣȶҪѷɫ֡
ܶϳɽŮϼŵܲá
Ϊϼʡֹ˾ҵʽᰵĲɷõ˸̨ͱֽ
ϼŵܲóôòһӾȫǽ֪ˡ
񿴵ˣ˸Ǳᰵò޵Ŀɿڴ
᰺̷ɼһ̷˵̨γ˶š
̷ϣܣҲǵλμҾƻᡣüͷʵ
̷ɼɫĻӦܣô磬˽ԾвҪԽɷ
Ǻǣ̷ˡɫý
ҵʵȻ̷ǿһ̷֪ͷɲöԸ
̷ɼ˫̱ʡᴴټҵ˫Ȭ³Ϊߣ˵ʲô¡
ȻԲ̷ɼ
ᰣ̷ôˣᰣ΢Цʵ
ϼҪ£ᰶԳ˵ʱࡣ
Աߵǲʿð죬ѵŮܲãͳʲôϵ
̷ԳΪ˭ҵ̷ΪУ̷ɼֱӱ̬ȡ
᰺̷ɼĻ˸Ǿ֡
û뵽ݵλȻ֮ߣ
Ҫ֪ϼ̷ǿǿϣʵ֮£ʡᶥˡ
᰺̷ɼ̬ȣԽΪϼź̷ҵƿߣܲ𾪣
ǲǸһĨЦԭ֮ǰ˵Լ̷ҵƶˣ治ƭ
ǱҲһķӦʱԽ컪˵ƿ̷ңǶΪڱ챳
û뵽Ȼģ
֪Լǳ׵ױȥˡ
Ա򸾺һԼˣҲǵɴ۾
ΪֻǸ书Сӣ˭ųͷȻô
ϼź̷ҼԶԶԼСȵġ
ҲǱʵݺݺһѣֲóһֱʮ㣬ԭ̡
ףΪʲôǲʻ˵㡣
Ȼʡһ壬Ͼƿߡ
ҴȨϡ
ᣬѾϼź̷ҵƶˣҲ˵ĵλԺˡ




746¡˼
 

𾪹ȴҡҡͷ
ϼź̷ҵıô
ʡһǰǲ
ʡ̽ʡ֪ˡ
ֵ֣ʡ쵼͸Ҫö࣬ҵж
һ仰ԸΪҳ֡
֮ȣϼź̷ʲô
ܣ̷ϣǾһʶʱˣʵ̫ЦˣԿ̾˵ȴһ˿Ȼһ˿мұΪλǿǿϣϼŵǿ֣ȴóƶˣֱҵչͬϷ
ܣϼŵ飬Ͳͷˡ˵漴߰ɡ
ͷҪǲʣᰡ̷ɼһͬȥ
ȵȣճµĿߣǲʱͻȻڣһݿܵĿǡ
ҲŲҪ£ǲʵܾ
òĻᣬôܻ
תĶôҪǲʣô
ߣǲҿеŮˣƾʲôߣȻסĪϻǺá
ƾʲôƾҵǹһ˿ϷʵĻȣбµĻʹϰǲȥ
һɫѿ޷Ӧ
ʵʵڵʦһٸ޷ǲʴӳ߶
̨һںүǧС㣬ǵһμԱ
Ǹ֪϶Ϊʦ֪һλʦζʲô
ֻ֣ת
ǲʱߡ
ʡһٵ棬Ҫˣ
ɫǲʣһ׼ߣ
ŶҪҿսǹЦǺ塣
⸱̬ǲʵһξóȶ˧ᣡ
ɵ֮ɫʮ򶨵˵˵ҲֱӺ㶯֣ϱشҵ뿪̾ͻ⵽ͨ
ܣ㲻ץλ
ͻȻ֮䣬һ˺󷽴˹
˪ͬλߵϡ
ԺһȺɫ
ţȺٴÿһ·
һλŴׯصװӣһȺ쵼ģӵ£̨˹
λԼĪʮ꣬϶ȣĵ̨ߵԺͳǰ
ɴ۾
ƶʡһֹҲˣ
һڱȺôԳˣ
ҹղǾ仰ʲô˼
ľɵʱ˵Ŀøӵľ棬ǶǰһĻ𺳵ˡ
ֻʡһֹȻ֡
˶һ
ƽʱӣ
ʵУλһȫʶôһһеӣ
³ĸ첲⡣
ǿƶʡһְ
Ȼ˼˼ҵڰպü롣
¾ʡĴ쵼Ұڳôļӡ
һԵǲͻȻеЦֶҲдסʱΪһֱеء
һȥ֡
һĻڳ֮𺳵Ըӡ
ڳˣûʡһֵҡ
οǹյ֡
ЩߵĸѾ𾪵°Ͷˡ
⻹ʶǸǲʵũͬѧ
Ա򸾺ԼĪļѵݵλĻҪߣ
ԼҽͨǲʵĹϵӻپҡ
Ժӣ˼άתˡ
֮ǰѾϵ߰˰ˡ
֪ݱôͨ
ҵȻûеʡһʶ
ʱеļɵ֮ɫˡ
ӵǺηʥ
ʶ𣿡ջֺȻʵ
΢΢һЦºе˵ֻڵϿңҿǶԳˣ
仰еĪͷԡ
ҲԻǶǽ֪ݷǷôͶԳˣ
Ҿ֪ϼź̷ҵƶˣҲӦô̬
ּ𣬶ûʸù֡
ԣЦЦǰҴлֳǱߣ֪ƻ׮ʡɱ˰ķǳлΪ
ŻȻԭлȻư飬֪˹




747¡Լս
 

ʡһ΢Цʮֿ𾴵̬ȣ֪л϶ϸư̸߹ˡ
ֻе֪ɱǧħǴ˵еĵõˣֵù𾴡
񵱽ڻĵĴ쵼оǵõɮ쵼Ƕ־мӡ
˹ͳ֣̫ŵľٶ
Լڳһֵľٶ̫˼ˡ
̬ɱħɱ˰ʱʡֵ÷з
ڳ֮˼ȫ֪顣
ֻǲ֪ɱ˷ʵ࣬ǧħ
˵ǳƵ׮ذ˶е档
Ժһڴȴø
ƻһ׮ɱ˰ֵù˾أ
ʡһֵݵλʵ̫ˣ˹ΣϾһ
˴ЭưֻǾ֮ͣøлǫһ䡣
͵ĵͷǫ޷ʵ̫ѵˡ
ǰĳ棬ʡһֵҲó϶кܴĹڡ
תԣ˵ܣҵϣԺΣϼźϼŶʡҵӦúгк
ԣɫЩӲ
Ȼô׵ķŹ
Ͼʡһֳ棬ܲӡ
һ֮ԿڵȻ˵ҽͲ׷ֻ̳սȻϼҪϼŶԿҲһϣ⡣
ⷬΪΣϼҪϼչսȷʵûиԤȨ
Ͼʡÿ궼ССҵս
ǳԽ׵ĵõˣʡһ壬ʡᾭ֮һ˹ѡ
ûάԵˣĿӥ㶢ס֮ĶԹѾһս˶ϵģˣʦǾֹأһսʤһ볼ʤһҲҴӦ
û뵽ԻѡĿսʽһʱ֮ȫһƬȻ۷׷ס
⿴ȫλʡҵͷ·
ҲеΪ졣
֪ʦѧϵĴڣȻֹؽԹ
ԵĵӺζ
ΪҵŮǿˣҲȫԵ뷨
ǿκ˶Ҫ
ֹؾĻʤɡ
ڳ֮Уֻǹһ˿Цݡ
š
֪Եʲô
Ҫڳǿķһ˳׵ʧܺ;
һսʤܺãˬ죡һսҽˣֱӴӦ
ʲôƣֻҪսη塣
ҼɴĴӦ΢˵սʱص㣬Ͷʱʡǧϣû
ȻûһսԽԽãٴˬӦ
־Ҫˡ
һֱӹȥƶֲӻء
Լսڳ֮ȫ˷ܼ
Ҫ֪ҿƿʡݣ˵оʲôظ֡
һսԷǳʣ
ʱص㶼ͬˣĵͷɨһְۣԵ˵һսʡһĹڳĸλǴˣϣǼʱѡ񣡡
֧ңǸվӣҪ֮ǰ̬ȣ
ʱûվӣ뵱ǽͷݵģº󷢶ҵѹ
㽫飬֪ͨǰμӾƻˣ
ǣף˵ͷиһ˿֮ɫ
Ҫû£ʡøҡ
ľսõĻᣡ
ⷬһڳڶҵʿż壬ȫɫ
ԾȻǿʡм̬վӣʡһԽԽԵˣ
󲿷Ҳ룬ѡվߡ
ΪǱʤġ
ϼվӣҪù
вټҵż̬֧ҡ
ԼұҲ֧ҵģǲѾ˵ѡվڳߣ
ڵģЦһ
ȳܣһúõŪһǿСŮ
ܣ٣ԼҾ֧ңǲʵľ޹أҪᣡʱѾӱǲʴ󲮣æ
ȴһĮĿ˵õǲʵǱߣԼȴ֧ң뵱ǽɣҲҪ֧֣ҹճµǱȥ
ǲʴ󲮺ȫԼһȫɫҰףıһƬ
ǲʣؿǺǼˣ




748¡վ
 

ԼұվߣǲʷˣŸĸ˵֡裬ֳ֧û
ȻԱ򸾺ԼһѾңŮĻֻҡҡͷתȥ
˭֪ҴӲûյ̣ȻԼսǾζѾʤȯˡ
ʱʡ̽ӿˡ
ͷҵʢŵֱӹ֧ңϷ˵ĺԶţʡǿҵһһ
ǿʢƣŷ׷ױʾվҡ
еһ⣬ǾƿʡȦҡ
ܣǺϼŵսĳ޹أŪȨʱ㡣Ҽһɫ˵
仰ҲŮﰲࡣ
ԭͲϣǼվңڸױʾò
ԵҲҼô˵ĻӦܣһǣ浽ʡ̽ԼսҲվҲԣºȲϣ
ԣ¶һЦ顣
ƿʡȦԳϵʲôʱҪ˱Ϣ
СߣܴһӣŮһȥˡ
ȻҲվӣճһսǻȥսġ
˵վӣ˻Ҫȥһ£ܿƻɢȥ˴󲿷ˡ
ЩСţȻվһߡ
վڳϼߵģ˱ȵԼңû֧ˡ
⣬Ĵư޷ֻǣҲѡҡ
жôǿЩʡ´бЩССҪ֪ø˺ԥѡ
Ȼվӵ鴫Ҿƻʱ򣬽컪վʾϼš
һϢ˺䶯ʡ𾪡
سߣһλʦϼţ̷ң컪ǿǿϣǽ컪λʡͷеļ룬óʵ
ȻЩ˽ȫˣǵĽǶŻΪ컪ǳ
ƶά־ֵлҲ֪ҺͳԼսϢݾͺʡһһʣվӡ
Ҿƻʹ˽ȫȥڴյǧ֮ս
ǲʣסɡ֪֮ǰԼ˿϶Թǲʵģ˽뱣С
ǲʹɵĵ˵ͷųһ߳ƻׯ԰
̷һصԼļ壬ᰡǲʻص԰С
֮ǲʿŮڿɳϣȫƯʱʹסˡ
·ϣǲʾͰ²᰹ϵһ㣬ͬˡ
û뵽ȻǺŮһͬӡ
⡭ʵ̫ˣ
Ϊǳרһ飬ȴû뵽һﾹȻǸĴܲ
ǲ뵽ɵð˳һۣΪ㱧ƽ
ûע⵽ǲʵ񣬴ֵĴ˽
ǻˣƳδſӵƣΪ漴˫¶֮ɫλǷh𣿡
ûǲʡܵڼܲȫסһ
˵ţͽ飬ԼҵԼս򵥲һ顣
Ƴκ֮󣬻Ȼ򣬶ǲͦģ֮˵λĹߣѾͼԼĸˡ
ǲãס㷿ɡ˵ţǲʵС֣һɳϡ
ǲЩ㶣ºŲŵĿڵ㡢Ƕǳġ
Ů֪С˵ʲô
һʱ֮䣬ЩΣ᰺Ƴɫ΢΢һ졣
ȻǲŮǳŮѻˡ
ֻɫ糣ЦһhҲŶ
ǲС΢ţ˲Щܲˣ𾪡졢Իߵȵһ
۵׸һĨ֮ɫų´磬㡭
˵ʲôҺ޳ܶԲԣɴƤ˵ȻǲʶɳǲʣʵҲ֪
£ǲı𾪵˵ˡ
Ľ㣬ǷhҲ֪ôŮ
Ȼ󣬻Գ˳飿
ʵ̫޷ˡ
Ȼǲʾóͨ˲һȲϳ
ǳҲܴôɫŮΪ֮İɣ
ѵǹʲôԻ
ǲԽԽףᷢ΢ţú½hô¡
ȣС㣬ϣ㲻ҪʲôʵֻҵıƳΣǳŮѡᰵһ䡣
᰾ԼͳûȷϹϵۺͳĹϵж᰻ڹ




749¡ҹ̸һ
 

㣡ô˵Ƴˣæһۡ
᰻һЦԼû˵
ĽͣǲԽܡ
ŮֻһǳŮѣǳҲֹһŮˡ
ǲã˰ɣȥϴ衣۷ֵЦϴ˵бζˣۣԽ۶㡣
ǲһôоŮһϴƵģϸһĨ⣬æ˵ˣԼϴˣ
ǱͬѧǽСħŮû뵽ǰȻ޴ԴҲˡ
ۿֱЦ㻹û˵ҪһϴأȻǲúߣǽͲǿˡ
һ¶ε΢Ц̫ϲϷŮˣᰡƳΡ鵽ڵǲʣÿһϷ
ǳԼ϶ΪǸŮͬ
С㣬ԡǱߣҸëƳǶǲΪ
ɲۣʲôŮס
ͷǱ˳һ
ллǲʴ˿̾ԹŮ߽ȥԡϴˡ
ԡﴫˮ֮ᰲеĿڵôźԼս֪ʲôƣҪСһ㡣
ǰȻ֪ѧʦԼսѵ뵽ʦظ𣿡ƳҲЩġ
Ů֮⣬᰺Ƴ˶ͨ书ڳǿûоĸ
ۣҲ֪ǿֵز
Ǳߵĵû¶֪ǿҲΪġ
΢΢һЦ뵽ʲôظ֣ǶõҶԸֻҪҼ;ˣ
ҵĵƣѾ²⣬Ļĳλߡ
ҵıǹһţôȷʵԲηһλ׽ʦ
ڵĳų˽صĹȳǿ֮⣬սʤ󲿷ֹߡ
Ҳǲһս
ֻǳ֪صĹʵǿ󵽺ֵزúԼʵȽϡ
ȻҵĵҲܲǹһţ档
ǼȻֹԼս϶Ҫս˳²ҵĵҪôǹߣҪôߣҪôǾҩǿߡ
Ļţ˻ǲ̫ġ
Ϊ˶Գ㺣Ϊ֮˵ѾǱʶķӦ
ܵܣҪҪȥһ£һʲôֺս˵Լ顣
΢һ룬ˣҵķȷҪǿö࣬ȥ飬Σգҵظ֣͸ӲˣǱȥˡ
ðɣһжܵġȻһЦһֻѵù˳ĺꡣ
ͷһ£ˣһս֮һ뿪ʡһµʱ䡣
Ҫȥ
ᰡƳκ۲Լͬʵ
һУԼĹ֮飬ȻһЦ֮ǰӦƶֲ̹ܽ־ҪִѵֱΪһʱ䡣
Ůŷ
֮ǰҪ뿪ʡһ£ʵȵˡ
ͱȥֲӻ𣿡ʳһ˶֪⡣
ҵԼս֮϶кܶҪ᰾ó뿪ĻЩˡ
¶һĨεЦڽҶԼս֮ǰҴӦ̹ܽ٣֮ǰôãҲˬԼˡ
ᰣ֪ڿʲôһսһ̷ɼͽ컪㣬顣
⣬ȥֲӻһ£ÿڶʡһΣƺ֢
δβ飬һůѵֱôҪĴ£ܵĻ᲻鷳
ʲô飬ĺ֢Ҫ
һ仰˫糺죬ĸϲޡ
ƳκۿһĻҲ¶Ц⣬ڿˣ
λŮҲûɵһִ⣬ϾѾԳ鵽ǵһŮʾģԴǺķӦ
ȻⲢƳκС˶ǰ󿴿ˣƳαϣ޸۸Ů۵롣
ȥ»أһбءֿĶ漴ƳοȥƳΣʰ񡣡
㣬ҡƳһߣôɳƵġ




750¡ҹ̸
 

۳ûڵƳã㲻ʰĻҿȥˡ
ˣͺãƳһֱվķȥ
ƽʱ·Ƴϴģôܰø
׷ƳѾԼŮˡ
ƳκԴ׵ӣİЦСƽʱôá
и۾̱ڿˡ
͵͵Գȥһۣ·һƻɹӡ
Ƴθʰ󣬱㿪ʼæµˣ᰺۰æ֡
ǳоԼ£ɳŵȿˡ
ʱǲҲϴˣһƳαõļҾ˯£енӣһͷ췢ѾȾڣһμСħŮ
ȻǲʹﻹǱԲĵģŮڳ߹Գʦ˵´磬޳Ŷ̤ҽǻĴǣǿˣ
ȿȣǲҪ֪ûбκ˸ҡһ˾ӵģ˵
ǲȴӱˣһҽΪǳˣŶ᲻£˵ھǱߣ˧ദʶ˾ǵĳˡ
ǲ仰ʵǶĻ֪Գĸж϶ῴϾЩӵܻ߾Ȧǡ
ǲʵĻҲΪ⣬ֻ΢΢һЦ
´磬ллҡǲʻһǣм˵
ûгĻ֪Լʲô϶ħצ֮С
º͵˵ҴӦ㣬ӣ־ǺŮԵ竴٣޸Բ˿ô⣻УԺ´ĻЩүҲȥݰˣ¡
֪ˡųĹģǲۿ顣
ǲʵĸ͸Ա֮һֱûйĹ
ǲʵĸԱ򸾽ΪҲǲĺġ
Ҿƻȳǲʵڻʱʱųֵһ̣жôϲ͸ж
һǲʣѾȫͬѡ
ԷˣƳڳﺰһǲʴӸжع
˲е飬ǲʸųһ߽Ůһ
ǲʣҲ̤;ɣҺҼŮʶһ㡣ϣʼΪǲʵδǡ
ǲЦЦʵ鹫˾Ѿҹˣֻһڶ飬ûдӦǩԼѧ
Ҳãľ͹˾ǩԼh֮ǰ˵ƶʡչʱҲ԰ﵽ㡣顣
ǲȴҡҡСԴ´磬Ҳȥҽ㾭͹˾ģԶֻܳΪӰӣ޷Խ
һȫ΢΢һǲʵ־Զ󰡡
hǷһĵĳǣҲûмŮǣȷhʵǿġ
ǲ볬ԽĽ㣬Ѷȿ϶ǳߡ
ҲСģֻ΢΢һЦǲʣȻ룬ǴӽúüͰɣ
һģǲ˵
극󣬳½ӵ˼绰
һ绰ǽ컪ģǸģȻʾ˹ȥ
ûоֻܾý컪ôôˡ
ڳ˵ʲôų޹ؽҪġ
һսϼţƷ棬Ȼ̫·硣
̷Һͽ컪ڶʡСϼš
ͬʱҲǸϼźţϣܹΪʡ̽ŮһսҪ
ڶ绰лģҲʾȥս
Ȼл̬ȣԳά־ҲԹۡ
绰óеЩ棬Ȼ®ֶɶʦġ
λɮҲ֪һսϢڵ绰ṫֳ֧
ڳ˵ɶʦ֧Ǹ֮ϲ
Ȼ®µȲʡᶥɶʦԸΪ˳ҶԿ˵Ƿǳѵˡ
ϾһսбҲǺġ
绰󣬳ɳϣҲӵһ绰̷㱨
ΪĽ̷ʲô飬ᰱ档
̷ҵĻ㱨ǱѾҹ붯ִЩԼ֧ҵ춼ǰǧҳųҵжôǿʢ
ʡϲǰǧս˵ԼսһȽҾƻ¡صʢ¡




751¡ǰ
 

ͬʱұȫҺۼ
һŶɳϣĿϬɨһۡ
Ŀ̺ϡȻ⻹мȵš
Ŀ⣬ڶȫ
ôаգһսұʤ
һԵлڴ֮ɫʵףԸ붯ķˣ
֪׽֪ͨĴ͸ȥġ
вûܹʦֵļ
һұĿɽĪ׽ţҲֻ֪ұȴ֪Ǹϸϡ
ԽټһҺģǲҵܣһʣڵʵĴ粢ڹѧޣʵݣһߣ
ʲô
Դһ˵ڳˣȫˣ
֮ǰһֱΪԼйɽȴȫû뵽ԭӾȻһߣ
ʵ̫˼ˣ
һֱ˶ΪӳѧʵСʱûڼˡ
˻һֱΪֻһӣΪǴӡ
Ҳ˽εĴڸ֪硣
ԭĴӣĵƣ
֣ѵҴ꣬ͳΪˣŵɫʵ
ļǵã뿪ģӴ֮Ѷ
˵ڹ죬ʵͻǻѻ
ֻҶʸк⡣
Ը̾˵ǵúȷʵ뿪壬̳ΪߣΪй츳ĳѡΪˣйǸҪǼ屣ܣ͸©ǹߵݣҲô궼ǡ
Ϊʲôֿ˵ˣʵ
Խ͵ܼ򵥣ΪʦˣѾΪŵм뿪ϻǶԸ
һϢȫһϲɫ
ֲüһֱʮ㣬ԭȫ׼
뵽켴ԼĴ磬˷ܲѣʵףʦô˵ѧϵĴڣԸʤжٳɣ
ߣʦгɵĹǰʲôһֻ֣СӣһмĿ˵
һз⣬һսǰٷ֮ٲģ
ȲųŰɱĲ״
ôôɱڳ֮ǰڳǰǲһ
ţǹһ˿⡢յЦݡ

ʡҹƽʡϲﶼ֪ǱٵǰϦ
ʡģ󲿷ֻͨϰգǳս¡أϰǶ
ֶĶսٷ׼÷ϢɲҪӰ졣
۴ĳˮ޺˸˿ҹѾˡ
Ϣɡɳϵ᰿ڵ
ƳҲ֮ͣ԰Ҫ㾫Ŷ
ܵܣϴ˯ǶҪ˯ˣ۵Ļȴһ˿ζ
ǲŮеȻ֮⡣
ֻһ仰ܹǡ
ǲŮӣоԼеġ
ʵ̫ˣ
֪仰صĺ壬ͷһƬȣ治ɫ˵ðɣȥ˯ˣҶ˯
˵űԼȥ
һ˫УҲӹһ˿ȣ漴ǲʵС֣ǲãͽ˯һɡ
ҡǲԥһ£֮е㺦±Ůˡ
ϾƺȤŨӡ
ǲ⸱飬۳ԳһЦǲã㲻ͽ˯һ飬ѵͳһ˯ܺƳõķ䣬λÿɲŶ
ҵȻͳ˯ǲһ죬æ⡣
Ǿ͸һ˯ɡ
۲ǲʾܾ߽䡣
Ƴι˿ƣҲ᰽˯ˡ
֮⣬Ů˯ŵġ
ǲһɵϣ͸h΢ţhкܶŮ֪𣿡
֪h̻ظ
ǲʶʱôܻشôȻ
㲻𣿡
鲻ʲôϵֻҪϲҾͺˡ
hڶλش𣬸ǲʻˡ
ǷһĵĴǣȻԸˣⲻԵ𣿱Ļ϶Ӱ;ҵ
Ҫ㱣ܡhûϵˣҪæװѣôˣ




752¡
 

ŶֱӽҴٵѡʽǲʷϢ¶һСиֽ֮ɫhڳҵԱߣٰļٰúܾ𡣡
ʲôԶھǵķhֻˤˡ
ں˯һ
Ϣ÷hһңָǣ֪Բˡ
ǲʣ㲻Ҫˣġhܿ췢ȥϢ
Ϣǲи֮ɫ㾹ȻԳΣѵν氮
뵽߻Ůǲʻ̲ס˸ۡ
hԳôΣ˼Ҷ֪͵ȶٴˡǲе㲻ķȥһϢ
ֲǳţô˵͵Ҫ˵δŶhĻظɺᡣ
ǲʶʱЦˣδأܼŮһλá
ǲԼǾǸɽܲõġ
뿴hԳߵŮʲô̬ȣû뵽һѶǲʸоûȤһϢ󣬾ͱ۾
˯ˡ
ԶھǵķhϢ΢΢һЦֻȥ
ǲ׼˯ʮӺû˯ţȴͻȻˣֻǶӯо
ƺ¾ӣŵ߳š
ⲻǲʰԲ²⣬ŮֻȥϲĻõĵȥ
˲䣬ǲоһͷۺܿȥҳģ
ֻҪ۶ûˡ
ǲʲµûΪҪ뿪ʡһ£۲˷ҹ
Ҳںһ΢š
˾֮ǰѵġԺ
˧磬ڿԳˡ
Ŷȥһ䣬ôоνٸ˵úһ
ȥƶʡᣬ䣡
ԺϢó΢΢졣
òôɰɣ
ѵҵԼսԺҲ֪
ƶʡʲô䣿ɫ̽
Ժܿظʡһң֪˵ûУҺҪһʡԼսϹҼˣȥս
ǹȥģʳԼĲ²⡣
Ժ֮ǰƭļĳ㵺ţ㵺ʵǴ󶯸ɸˡ
ԺظҲڼĵλߣܶϢ֪ˣ˧ҪҪҲȥ˵ǻܼһ档
ҿûգʱ˵ɡûȤӣʵϹļ㵺ļҺţ
˧磬ԸҼ޹ȥļˣҰҲɣҽгϹļ㵺ʮ֮һҡ
ϢȴǰŰɡ
νļįٸȻ㵺ҵϱ
ֺٸƽʱǹŸ̫̫ôеüİ΢죿
˳ԡԺʼմɡ
ԳŮַϢʳ᲻ȥսγȴûлظˣΪоһǻӰ
˷Σ붼룬֪ۡ
۶ôֹˣʵ
ЦһߣܵܣҪԶУѽ
ԣһЦԼҪ뿪ʡһ£ۿ϶įͣҲɵӺˡ
һСʱ֮۷ǽ߳ķ䡣
طϢû뵽ȴߵƳΡ
һʱ֮䣬λŮЩΡ
˫Һ죬룬ƳĲɵðһӣĵȻӡ
ƳãҪϲ𣿡ۼȻһ䣬ȴһϸ΢Ļȡ
Ƴ⣬˵ͷæܽԡȥ
һЦصԼķ䣬֧Ųסſڴϡ
㡢С㣬û°ɣԱߵǲʼ۳֪ĻΪҹȥˡ
ǲã´硢ĺ
Ժ˵һ䣬漴˯ȥ
ǲʶʱɫһ죬ƺʲô
ƳεۻصһӺ󣬲߳
Լ׽Ѿȥ˼죬뵽Ҫ뿪ʡᣬƳҲЩ̲סˡ
˲˱ͺ˯һ𣬰ҹȻ³ķš
һ֮£ŷֳķûأһ¾ƿˡ
˯𣿡ƳŽţ߽ȥȻѸٹϷš
Ȼû˯Ϊ˶һС㣬װ˯ˣû




753¡սǰϦ
 

Ƴΰһһº˯Ǹûĵġ
ߵߣƳĸ첲һ䣺˯ˣ
Ϊ۾һ϶͵͵۲Ƴεı顣
ֻƳҧӣ˫糺죬ջߣƺԥʲôڿڵ硢磬˯ûУ
硱ʣһҲ޷װ˯ˣ֪Ƴƺζʲô
һѽƳαааЦһû˯أôкμ̣
ߣС㶼ˣ㻹װɵƳȴֳ˽źϲɵ΢΢
ҲˣƳȥ
һСʱ
ŵİƳαصԣŵߣƳһƣܿ˯ˡ

òɫıͬޣϨεĻ棬ڳĿȼ
Ҳֻǿ͸˼룬޳ܵûˡ
ص䣬˯һֱڶϾŵӲ𴲡
ϴ֮󣬱ᰡƳΡԼǲʣһǰʡǧڡ
ǧʡ֮һƽʱвο棬⡢ǧĵ
Լսٷֽǧһ峡ˡ
ʡᶥսͨϰûʸι۵ġ
οͣҲΪ˰ȫ⡣
ٷȻ޷ֹԼսǳеάΰΡ
ʱԼսʽʼСʱһǧʡҵšż壬Ϥ
һǧǧԱߵĶȼپƵ꣬ʱ˶ھƵ˷ܵĵȴš
Ҵλûӹиϻһ֮ɫһ㶼δʱ
Ƶĺϣһŵͤ͹۾̨ϣѾ˸
šӣڵͤλãסĶȼپƵꡣ
ιȥǷĺԶŸ߲㣬˾ͽҵĳʢţʡͷҵ
֮ǵڶʵļźͼ塣
ǼҲˣڶСվһ
ȼپƵϵĶ棬̷Һͽ컪ԼңͱվߵԼҡ
ʱԱ򸾺ڶԼˣһҵɫ֪ĻΪɥġ
ʱǲʵý磬Ѿ֪ǲٱˡ
Ϊǲʱʾֳ֧ԼҼͷ
뵽ԼҪʧȥǧСݣᡣ
ûһԼţܹӮýԼս
˸̽硢֮⣬ǰսĻʡѧ֡
˵½ʦԼսʡѧ綼ˣ
ʵѾʯԾó׻½һĻΪ𺳡˼顣
ʡݶƿأʡȫվߣԸһλʦ
ʡһ֣ʦѾųϢ˵Ҽһλظ֣ɶԸʦ
ʡǷǳ棬ѵѧ绹бʦĴڣ
׽ǣȫ˽磬ֻܺҲ²⡣
ʱǻûǧѾһλʲܣׯ˶ľ֡
ľֵݣȻҺͳķܹΪʤߡ
ׯϰ塢үС㣬׷׹Ѻע
Ķľ֣ʵ̫ӮǮˣ
۾ѹҾУ
ׯܻûöעޣСʱʱѹӮĶעѾۻڡ
ϾǰսģʡǮˣСţóһ򵱶ע
׬󲿷˶ѹóǧ
Ȼҵʺܵͣôעׯ򣬶еѹɽˡ
ѹǱߵģٵÿֻһע
⻹ǽ컪˵϶濪˶ľ֣ûһѹ˹ȥѹһǧ
ڳĶʡͷׯܵ˭ˣֻǾԼׯҪˡ
Ѿﻢ£ôעȡľֵĻԺ󶼲ʡˡ
ׯ룬Ķ߲֮࣬˶ѹߣûر
˵ϼŵĳһλʦ֪ʦζʲôѧϵĴڣģֻλʦʦһ
Ȼ½ʦǰԽʡʯ򣬻һλʦ½죡ѧ磡
½֪˭𣿺۰Զǣ
ǳ°ܽ
ԳʵңҳʤһʮһĦбܳ




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ׯһȷʵ˹Ķá
˱˵öˡ
ʡǣ֪ʦǶôǿĴڡ
ҳʦҪ߳һͷ
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׽Ƕ벻
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ʮڿȥǳģʵϷ̯֮󲢲ࡣ
ׯϰ廹˵ЩĶԻʱԵ£ӶȼپƵ˳
ͬʱҲǧϡ
컪̷˼׷ӭȥԳʺ꣬վȥ
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һĻ֪ϷҪˣ
͸ͫɨһˣûзһߣҲûΪ
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˲ٴų˵
漴Ŀɨǧһ飬֮һλɫĵɮ֮ϡ
®µĶɶʦվ֧㣡
ԵߣһȥȻɶʦ˻ܵȼǰս
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ԵĻŷ®µĸɮҲˡ
ҾȻֳ֧ģ˸еܲ˼顣
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ԣ֪Ķ١ûһ˿ȡ
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ԵĻ˵ĿлɨȥλԿелֳ˶ʶ
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λΪϵɽװߣͷȣһλƷ£˳
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Ȼҳųˣ
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飬λʡһļһЦڵ֪ʲôԼʵţʦˣΪûܶԸǲǣ
ϧ΢УƶʡһʦǰʲôҲǣ




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ƶʡһʦ
ԵĻ˲һƬȻ˾۷׷ס
ѵԽλи޷ʦҲˣ
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γͣߵĺ֮ǰǴӳɫˣһ˴򿪺ţ̤һλŹӳɷߡ
λһǳȫɴ۾
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λʦһ㶼۵ľдϲ
˲λߵĴǳ˶óߵݣȫѹˡ
⻹ҪϼߴĻ͸ȫ䣬ң
ǹһĨЦ⣬Ѿ֪׼ƴʦλˡ
¾ʲôˡĴʦǰҲֻһ޵Сˡ
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ȻڷΪ䣬ƴʦΪ̷ͣɼﻹûеס
ƴʦǰΪĳмԵݣҲҪƴʦ΢΢ͷʺ
ƴʦŸ̬ⲽҼķУǺõġ
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ƴʦɡЦ
ȫѹƣȴǰʯͷԼĽš
ǣˡ
ƴʦæվ࣬ʾˣҶƿΪЧֳͣͽң
ƴʦ仰ȫɫһ䡣
ǵǿƻûƴʦҪǶֵĻûһ˵ֵס
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ԣһЦ
صֹ֪ˡ
֮ǰƴʦڳ˵ղžҪƴʦ֡
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һżʲôԼսʱҸֻûǻԶ䣡




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ʼղΪᣬʮǵˡ
ƴʦԳϥΪܸߵȥ
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ȻƴʦѹƳʧˣιʧܲҪ
ҪĻǸʮĴӣΡ
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֪ξͿ쵽ˣһҲǼֻĿ˳һۣһ۾̨ȥȴεĵ
ҲԼߵˣߵһͤϢ
սʼвСʱʱ䣬ձԽԽš
ս֮ˣҲԽԽ˷ˡ
ƶƴʦԳ˵ʵҪǿ
Ҽɳصӣùսߺ棬Ҿεȸ֣޷ʦʦ
ʶʿл󣬶˺ġ
´磬ҹȥҰ˵仰ǲʿڣͷͤȥ
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Ա鸴ӣʲôҲû˵
ȷʵǿ𺳵ˡ
֮ǰ֧֮⣬ƴʦﶼԳϹϾ
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漴۾һش㵺һˣǱߡ
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һװӣƤ𪣬ͦΣҲӢֻǴһᡢ֮ȥԸ֮
װӵԱߣһλòŮӣλŮVelvetƷƺɫȹ׺ɫƤݴ£ž觶һ󸾴磬òд崿ĸǰ͹£ǻ죬ᰡ۶еһȡ
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㡰ԺǶλҸ̫ҲܳŹǲǣ
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ȡæɿһý컪Ҫ˵ȥˡ
ƳѾ컪˼̲סλʡͷһۡ
컪ڲԣλŵɩӴ󰡡
أȷϡԺ˵Ļԭ·ģ
Ժ̫̫ϹǷҲ⡣
ʱǲҲˣվһ԰ȴžսʱ̵ĵ
ĿͻȻоϵȺ֮Уһǿҵɧ
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仰Ժͷ˽š
ϹսĴǣǴ֣Ӷתˡ




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Ѿ֪λظĴүΡ
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λҴүǵ¹ģΪ˳ס
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Σ𣿡Լ첻ʶˡ
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ճµľ˭õô㲻޸ڵĵ𣿡
뻽εǡ
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˵ǿΪԼ׽ıҶָ
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βʶ޸ڵӣΪҳսҲһ
ΪεΪֻǸո̤ˡ
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ԼԼ˵ֹأںͻȻһĿͶϣϣ֣
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ϵݣǱԼӡ
Գ֮⣬ϼȴ׽ҵ˾
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ŵĻȴǸĺһЦ
СԲ
κֻɳʵĳϣɳΪ˸𣬿źǿ϶ˡ
˾ɳߣɳǿϾơ
˿֪;ƶһۣͻȻһʧԭء
˴֮£һֺƮ޵ĺӰգ֮Ʈ˺ĵϡ
˹ȵٶȣйս߲զࡣ
Ȼֳܶ඼ǼʶĴϾ׽ͨˣǿصĸˡ
ʡᶥ壬ǽ컪ĳУ˵ĳˡ
ԭϾȻǿĴڣ
ҲʼΪ
ĵϣԼƮȻȻѰġ
ʱԾͷ·𿴵һ
˿µṦԲ²λɳڸʮа˾ǹߡ
ֳҳѰ൱оһ
֮ǰֶûУͶԳģǼľġ
Ϊʼգûչֳǿ֣ȴ۷ƴʦΣη
Ѿεӣӿ϶ΪʵãŶԳ˺¡
ĸ֣ô׶˹أ
λˣΪɱӣºұضشлһġСĶɳڸ˵
ɳ俴һۣ֪ʡһļ
ֻΪκ渴𣬵˳շңΪɳЧҲ
ԣȱɱСӣҴӽҪɳڣһɲɿ֮ܵ




760¡ս
 

ԸΪţ֮ãæӦ
˿̣ϲ
֮ǰȻҲй䱳Ϊɽֻһϵ޸ȴûгһΡ
Ҳǵһλ׽磬Ϊҳս
εһλһ͹س
һʧȥ̡
ȫ벻ϵڱĺ¾Ȼήٵͷϡ
Ϊɳҳ˻˹֧֣һһţ
ɱһҪǿöˣ޸ڿɲΪҳ֣
ɳһšΪ޸ڵӣֻǹǰһԱȣǿˡ
ۼɳǿϾƾҪԳ֣εǰһǲܶԳ֣
С˭ʲôʸͱ˵Ȼм˵
λش޸ڵӣźɳͬƶʡ˵š
Ŷԭ޸ˣźôƶʡյɣΪһмӣȴҪСӳɫʵ
̽͵˹綥ڽڵĿ䣬ҳ𣬿Ҫ
ʲôɫ΢΢һ䡣
ȻǽڵĿ䣿
ּţǹȻԶɳڿɱȡ
侴ηڣҪųǽڿ䣬ȴ򲻿ܡ
һаֶεСӣЦ޸ھ޷ˣԼ޴֪ɳڸ𣡡ɫĺȵ
úηϻˣΪΣǲߣһԾ֪
ų˳׽磬ôܱǽڿͷŻסսˣ
ɳǿϾƸһм֮ɫʮΪͼʶ۽磬ŴڵĿ䣬ܲʶ
ɳڸֲݣСԸΪֽѵǣתԳʾ
㲻ǵĶ֣˿
ǣ¶˵һȥ
ͬʱİа۴Ϊһ۾Ϳɳڵ֡
˿֮;ƻߵǰɫ
һ˲䣬ɳֵƶȻֲĹŰС
Ժһ¾ͱõɳȥ;ƿԺԻᱻɱ
ֻǵɳȥˤڵϣ˶ѡ
ΪոͻƶΣҲЩվסˣʮŶסŰĹǸе쳣ѡ
СΧˮ棬Ȼ𵴵ˮ죬һϹȥŵúϵĹս߷׷׺ˡ
Ǻһƽ˾ˮ˵ǧôߵˮˣ
۸ֵĿΪѾԶԶսߵ
Ϊ׽֮ˣֻѰߴ򶷣δûƾ˾˵ĳ֡
ʡ֮ɫΪ֪ƱҪôǿʵ
ѧϵʦҲ޷ǧɲ˷ӿľ
ɳڣʲô
ʡ𾪣Ի
ᰡƳѾޱȵĽţΪǡ
ǿĶ֣һˣĿսʤ
ɳڸƱʱ򣬼йս߶Ϊ䶨ˡ
ֻ˭Ҳû뵽챾ԼսȴɳĶս
ϲ˻ͣЪ֮󣬴սһ
ȫĿתĶźС
Ȼźŵǣղһֹǧˮֵ֮һˮ
֮ǰɵˮŨ
ͨ˸޷͸ˮСˡ
˵СԵԡˣҲֻԼԼеӰڶš
ճµСӣҲʦߣȻɱųϣǧ֮أ·˳̡
һЦϻˣҪʹ򣡡
ͨ͸ͫѾԼжϳ;ƵΪ
ӦǶأǶԲֻһ֮ңͺ͵׿׿ǧһ
ֻ׿ǧһ޷תԺ޻֮
ʱͬգĳ۷״̬һת
Կ֣壡
Ļ;˲䱩ŭѪѪǰ˹
ͬʱ;ϱ㶼һƬ֮ɫȻ˵Ĺͬһԣ




761¡ɳ
 

ɳڵؼķ似ϵԣھѧɳ£Ͷ֮䣬ɳѣҡĪܵ
ɳǷ켫ľ磬ǿսиıΣȻ֮ɱ˵ˡ
;ƣǡɳĴߣϣһ֮۳ɳ
һʱ֮䣬Сɳȣ
У·ڸ֮һɳ
ȻɳڵĹ书ţס˫ƻƽʵʵĶһƣ

Ķײɳ֮Уһˣɢȥ
ԶϣѾ˵ֵסһˣס䡣
һζƣ߶ûʹȫ
֮΢΢졣
ԷȻûбˣ
;ɳڸ֣ľһ־ʩչǿѧȻûһɱ
˶֪Լ͹˳ʵ
ȻղһǶûгȫܹɵ˵ʵС
£ҲΪʲôκᱻɱˡ
Сӵʵκ֮ϣʲôаֶΣ
;ƶһۣٴתɱȥ
ϵԵĹɱǳǿ󣬸οֵԪʵʣټϹѧɳһγ֣ǻ۳ɳųХȥ
ܵһιƵǿᣬһ֮籡˫ȭһգɳͷӻȥ
ȻϵԵĹɱǿڳȭͷ֮£ɳͷ˲ͱһƬɢɳƮɢڰУ
ͷ˹Ũĵطͷһ٣ɳȫ˲ҷ𣬹ЮĻɳĿĵ˷ըǧһɳ꣡
һйսĿɿڴ
ȻֻɳӺĵϼȴ޷ϵḶֹ̌Ϊˮʼûɢȥ
ֻܸоսض쳣ң
ʮʱ䣬ʹúɳˡ
ʡǸǾ֣ʲôѧܹɳ
ս߲Եľ̾ȭƣûþɳ֮󣬳ûɳ֮е;Ȼ䣡
ԭ;ƿǵɳѾǳԾڿȻܹ׼ҵǵλãָ¶֮ɫ
ɳѧ˶սʱһƾɳۣӵ͸ͫɳ;ƱʧȥҰˣ
Ȼ˾Ҳǳã˳Źıǵλá
ս˲Ϣ䣬;ƳԾ֮£˫ȭѾ䵽ϡ
أ
˵ӰȻ񱻳ûҷ
ȻȭͷԷʱ򣬾͸оԾˣһɳ֮ϡ
;屬󣬸ǻһƬɳ
һݣĳַ۷
ϵڻóΪ˱塣
ʵ;һ˲䣬Ѿ˳ĹΧ
͸ͫһɨһʱ֮䣬޷ҵɳڸֵķλ
һԼ˫֮Уٶȷǳ죡
ŵ¾Ȼγһ޴ɳУ
ͷһ͸ͫ;ƵӰ˾Ȼ˵ص£
ͬеǰ㣡
ȹóΪ棬һѾɳûûзӦʱ䣡
ɳ޷԰Σ;ƲŴӵϲԼͬĸֵɫ
ճµСȻʵվ̫ˣ
ɳڶսôܲµĵ棿
ؾɳɣɳɺ󣬿ƿشȻеɳӡ
;׾ͽ¡
ƿشȻеɳӺܼ򵥣Ҫ滯ΪɳУҪķһĹ
ɳ֮󣬺޶֪󹦸ˣСӾǿҲҪ
;Ϊɵʱ򣬺Сĵ棬ͻȻһƵĺ¡
춯ɳ־Աɫ
Ĺս߸Ī֪ʲô顣
ճжϣܿǷˣ
ҪҪʱƵĺ¡ͻȻͣҲûҡεļ
;ͬʱ𼫶ΣյľףһΣٶȼȥ
һӰӺС
ӰȻǳ
̺ԪɳУ޷
ֻҪԷϵԪԻɢɳоֻͨУֻһԾֱӴ




762¡սʤ
 

ɳ֮󣬳һ˾ȫɳɳȥĿ磬;ɳڸ֡
;Ʊûɵһû뵽ɳУһˣ
֪Լ͹˳ǿ
һٴʧɳĻ֮С
һΣ׾ٵҵ;Ƶλã̺һĻȥǽӰɢΪɳ
;ƶʩչɳ֮Ǽÿζ򲻵ƶ࣬СҲô¡
ֻҪһֱɳĻ֮УͿʱɳʱûаѳҲóˡ
ɳڸֲȥ˵ȫ֮˽ʮĹȫתջ۵֮ϡ
һΣ;ͨƿСһɳ
˶һۣ˫һһ˲֮䣬Сĵ濪ʼ·Ҫʼ߽⣬ȻûС
ȻԸ˵Ĵλܱ򶨣ԺѾӵСȥˡ
Ѿ͸ͫ;Ƶľٶֻ˽ưڵ֮󣬹ӿصףСɳȫΪá
ʱ䣬;Ƶɫǵͨ죬óһкķ˴Ԫ
֮ڣһ׸ߵɳҲ֮γɣӿȣٶȼĳų
ɳ֮УγһɷɳףצҪɣ
գۼ䣬̺ɳڹɳ˱ǰ
վ׸ߵɳ֮ǰԵ쳣С
ûȴ
һ̣аҽеڳԺޱӡţڤڤ֮У·׽һ
ţһ˫ȭӶּ򵥣ȴ̺Ŵ⡣
иаҽѾõɣаҽÿһ˵
ղŲ׽һ˵֮һ
һ̻ӳ˫ȭҲɳΪ˵ȭ
䣡
ʹ˫ȭӳ˾ɳ֮ϣ
ƺķȫɳھѧһԿ
һ¡¡ľ첻˷ɢȥ𾪵úϵĹսĿɿڴеСѾ̲ס
֪Ѿսˣ
źСˮɳ·ͷľƵģʵˡ
˫ȭɳ˺ԪϳײŰâǣлûɷףǲϷǺ
ζԿӵʱ䣬ͻȻȻһ׸ߵɳڱ˫ȭ𵴵ûΪɳ⼤ȥ
ǧϵڶɳֻ꣬ƸΪ׳󣬼ֵԲ׵ĺ棡
ӿҲúСˮ͹ɳȻΪ֮һ塣
ǧɳͣЪ˲ƺƬضóξͨ͸ˡ
ϵĹսɴ۾
лῴСϵĽս
ֻСĵ㣬վһӰףһƵɫ
Ӱǳ
˿̳ԾɳڸղŴ˫ȭ֮УĳЩµĶ
Ӽ׾ȭȴѧʽ书Ҫࡣ
˳ûȥעֵˡ
ȻսѾСο
Ǽ˿ֲɳ籩кˣȻǳ𾪡
ٿʮҵĵϣغˣһڵϣؿڣǲѪ
һڵϣɫҰף˫Ŀգ֪
һĻսǶʱһƬȻ
ɵӶܿóһǿ֮սǳʤˣ
ղڤڤ֮дһ˵ȭش;ɳڸ֡
⵽ɣˣƱ
ǰ˼ĳڵصǾ̿֡
Ĺǿ֮УֻĹ߲гʵ
ʵ̫ˣ
һɳǿ֣Լˣ־֮࣬ĸ޾ĺڣ
֪ʵǿᣬӦ÷
ڷǵûиɹԼʵǿϾƶˣӽɳھ㲻ڹгҲֻܹӲд
ϵļɳڵӣŵĿСΪ˴θ׾٣û뵽̼ˣǿ
⼸ɳڵνܵˣ
СϵԺӣս۾ɵüѿǴͷŵף




763¡벻Ľ
 

ԱΪõɳĹŵɽԺһǿʢ
Ȼ̶̼ʱ䣬ξ飡
ɳ֣ô׵Ļܣ
Ҳζҽ쳹ˣ
˿ԵУſ־塢ʣһ˿
ټһҵڽһ
뷨ûиôֻ࣬Ŀų
֮ǰ֪ʦǳһֱûгֻ֣Ǽɵȴ¡
ڽһսУչ˿ֲýʵΪ˱̬Ĵڣ֮ԣǸĴ
Լ֮ǰһٵĵ֮ǰ⽫ɱ²ѣ亹乣˫ȷѾվסˡ
ϵĹսǣӦҲǳҡ
˷ܡ𺧡־塢ϲɫڲͬϸ֡
ǰ֧ҵĹսǣ˿̶һֺš
Ϊʤȯգȫԥ֧ң˭뵽Ľ
ǺԶšʢҵǺҡưȴμȫıһƬ
εȵС֮ˣʯȫȫˡ
Ϊǰ֮һģһĺڡ¡
ֳ֧ߵӿֳ޵ľϲ
ȫԼˣӵ˲ã
ΪҴܺԼҲҪͷ
ڽȴȫתΪƶʡ֮սʤߣ
ԼΪǲʵĹϵ˵վڳߡ
ҲζԼҲͨǲʵĹϵøʢ
Ա򸾺ͲԼˣѾǲʿ
иָɫǺġ
Ϊ˼δǲʵĴ󲮾ȥǲʵԭ¡
ߵͤȫһ
ղһսḶ́ȫ壬ֻоս쳣ңҲóվ֮С
ڳͬ·վںĵϣɳڸܣᰡ̷ҡ컪ȫ¶ϲ֮ɫ
Ӯʤ
սлعڷֵֶɳ־Ȼղȭһһˡ
ŵɳҲս֮
˹ȥ
ɫηĸ
ۿų߹ƶأֱ˫ϥأֵ̿ĵ벻ҪɱңɳڴӽԸ
֪Ѿ⣬Ŵˡ
Ŵжһɳڵǧˣ
Ϊһ֮һϣԳģ
ҲɱɳҲˡ
ȻɳԸ⳼ֵýա
ϾߵõõȽ컪ʡͷҪõöࡣ
ӽɳڱ뾡ľ̷Һҵκģڣ˵
ԣ̲ס˸սæͷǡ
ǿֲĴڣ˼븲ţ׾١
οѾչ¶ֲΪѾ֮ǰ˵ĻǽڵĿ䣡
н糬ŵĹϵԳľηǿ̵˹
Իȥˣڰ֣ʾ뿪
ȻԸ⳼һˣΪ˲Σ
ɴ⣬ֶԳ˼ͷлɱ֮󣬱㱧žƵʬ壬صϡ
һӣֻҪҪͿͨɳϵ֮ǰܵһˡ
ңңһۣ˵ͷ
ڼӵĲ£žη֮뿪ˡ
ĿЩǿصĺ۸뿪ϵĹս֮
صţѡ񳼷ζųֶһǿ
Щʡ׽ں۸ǰȫһ
Ѿ˿ʼˣԼѡ֧ң
ѾǶٸڵ⣬ԼĹ˾᲻ᱻǨŭ⡣
ǲʺܿĵׯϰǰׯϰǮ
ǲʶһһʮҲ˵ǲһӮǧ
ȻׯϰѾ׬ں⼸ǧˡ
ĵϣûξͶСɪɪĸ׺͵ܵܺȵ
Ժɫ̿ѿС
ĶҸӣѶ˿һֱǡ
ȻӮʤ㲻ܸңȻԳη˿̻ҧǿ򶨵˵




764¡ϳ
 

ԵĻóúܿЦ
λҼҹǿԼսʮְԵʡվӡ
ô׼֮ܳóߵʡ֮ء
νһɽݶʡĵһֻһҡ
˰Եûд
ʧܵңȴ޷ʧܵĽ
һԳ˵ܸҵĻԵÿЦ
ȻӮʤɲĴ
ʡȨƣôк󻼡
ϼҲ޷ʽǶʡһ̽ͷ
˳Ѿ˾һҪ߽⣡
ԣΪʡһƿߣѵܿܵĵôĮĿڵ
ɫ䣬һ֮̿ɫȴһ뷨
ܿܵĵȻɽڲûյĵ
ʡټҵȨƣôΪһԼսͳ׸
ҽ㣬Σҵϵ棬𣿡ٴ̧˾۴ϡ
ǿ֮һҲĺ֡
ȻսˣֻҪϳųųҶô
Ϸżʶ˳ĳ֣𺳲ѡ
ϾǼ˵ģǿܲܺ͹ٷԿ
㣬ʶٷǾһΡ
ȻϲΪӣΪҶɹһ٣Եõҵô
ᣬ˸ǿ˹ҶֻҪŹңԳһΣƼƶеĴ쵼ʶʱʵضǰ;Źȣȶŵ˵
ÿ˶סȨƵջ
ƿϼš̷ҡʡȵ϶϶̰Ȩ֮ˡ
ܳΪٷʵĴʵȨҲͿԱӻǲɫشݡ
Ϊ޷ܾ
ȻĵϣֻǵһЦϵĻȫΪ⡣
ȷʵΪڳԼָҡ
߿ԼĹڰ
ֻǿһۣαᡣ
һݣޱԺ
ʱԺԸɫ䣬־û뵽ȫϣĸҶǶ֣
Ϸŭ֮£ȵң
յҸңضܵɷƲã
ֻҪһ绰ҵϼ
ϵвó΢΢ü
Ǹ鷳ͷӣ
οɫҲͣ˽ŲȴķԸ
ƺļɵϵ԰һ
ˣ
º󸶳һʲлϣҲ÷ǳֵã
Ϊǿȴ֪ܷԿ˹ɷǹһƵĻȣϵĿ־֮ɫȫȻȥ
ĵԽԽˣ
ּıӻ˭ң
Ҳֳ˼ɣٳûжǶ֡
ɫҲ
ϵһӿ־нѳ
ڣȻսܣҲֻ֮ܲ
սߣҲóǷ뿪
ĳ̶ֳϽϵǰսʡҪǿ
Լ⸱סΪĳ΢΢һЦΪԵá
˱Ͼˣδϵ۾дǰҪһͷ
˶ҿ԰Ȼ뿪ʱǧϷͻȻһવ
ԽԽ죬ԽԽϿȥ
һȫ治ѡ
оȻһװֱ
֮࣬Իѣôǧ
ֱ϶ʱɫһ䣬¶ŵ顣
Ϊ۴Уоװֱĵ򵥣ѵ֮ս
ȫԵ£װֱڰ˼룬ƺѰ·ӰܿȷλںСͣ
˾͸Ӿˣˣѵİ֣
ôƿʵȨľɱ۵Ҫǿöࡣ
ԺӣҲĿ⾪㵵Ŀֱͣ
ҳ֮⣬ûоĹϵԲΪʲôǧ
ȫ֮УֻгɫݣԾ˵ĿȻġ
ֻװֱ֮ͣ󣬴žɫԲʷͦΡʸӡ
һԼʮ£˾ֱ˹ȥ
ţ˴ͷȫ˶Գ˸
һĻ˵
Ϊˣİ֡
ȴû뵽ЩһͶԳ𾴣
һ̣һֱ³Ѿɵˡ




765¡ͷ
 

̹ܽ٣ô֪ˣҲĸ졣
ǰλˣƶֲ̹ܽ־
ʻ־¶΢Цĳʡᷢʲô£һʱյϢ֪ԼսǧǱֱӰֱˡ
˵ͷԭˡ
־֪ڣȷʵס
˵ĶԻԶ֡
̹ܽ٣
˵ĳƺѾ²⵽˵ʲô
϶棬ϲѿڶ̹ܽ٣ôˣ
־ϵķȥһ£ӦԭϣƸģ
Ƹ̹ܽ٣˿ҵĵˣ֧ҵġг˾ɣ־ǲϴˡ
־ȻװֱҳƶֲӺͳʲôϵ
־еζȻλ۾дڱԼ
־ʵȨ۾٣ηϵ
϶Գ־ҲϣƶֲӣѾƸΪ̹ܽ٣ĳǰصģ
ʲô
²ɫ䣬Լйսߵɫˡ
Ѿ־ƶʡֲӵ̹ܽ٣ôǽ
ľУȻƸֲ̹ܽ٣
ҲζţӦ̹ܽٵĻܱܿ轫Σ
ذըϢըһƬհס
˭Ҳû뵽һǿı
־һѾȫѹϣϾ۵ζܸ۱ȡ
ټϳΪƶֲ̹ܽ٣ȨѾȫȫѹˡ
ʲôʦˣֲ̹ܽٵͷ
߻ߣٸҲֻ䴫
ֲ̹ܽǻĹٷʵȨ
ȫһ
Գ׵ľˣ
ÿһǿƣһһ
ƶһʦԳס
ĴΣԳ
۾дϣ׵׵ѹȥ
ǿݣѹȫȫķˣ
ܲ
ؾһ·Ȳң
ͨһԹ˷·˼ʮꡣ
ҲԳ
λ֮ǰ߰ĵ׿Ҵ٣ΪԼѡ͸һ¹
ӿֳ޾ĳ裬ͷ±ս߿ı顣
Ҹ¹ĳ棬˶еǳ𺳡
ζʡһ壬䣬ˣ
սУڳľε˸ŴͣȫĿɿڴ
Զ󲻵Ҽү¡
ǰһУȴޱȵʵ۾˻þ
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ڣҼԣԼǧټǲʼ޹ȥҴ٣ˣ
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־ݣ֪ҵ˳³ͷҲֹ
Ϊ־ĵٹڳ
ϻӻң־϶վͦ
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ԣҲȡֻԷ˫ȣȻʲʡᣡ
оԡ
ȻܱסСϵ˫ȵĻ˲мˣʧȥǮȨƣ°뱲ӻô
λٻĶ٣ƲȺԻҡ
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ȴһͬ鸸׺͵ܵܵûС
˽ڿа۴ˣסСѾа۴˿ˣ
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766¡
 

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ֻҪ֮Щʡ֪ʲôĴڣԺҪϼԾС
ΣԼԼЩССϺ͸ˡ
ЩСϺ֪֮ĻȻжԶӶԶ
ԼǰѼȨǲϡ
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ĿɨУȫ֪ԼΪѲ̣ǻ
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ʩչ̤ˮṦصⷽڵͤ
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Щ֧ҵȫһҳûкǼƽϡ
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뿪֮ǰۿһ¶ûС
Լ֮ǰһٶĿһԱȣǷ
ȵԡԼˣδ뿪ˡ
ȻûзԸΪڣල˷ʡʲ˳ʡᡣ
սҲ֮뿪
Լǲʴ󲮵Ĵ£ǲǰǲʵǸ
ԱǲʻˣϾԱĸǲѡԭǡ
ǲʵĴ󲮱ʾԸ⽫ȨǲС
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ȻԼ£ǴӽԼŮǺܲġ
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类ǲʿһۣŵæͷȥ㷲֪ԼԺӲ̫ùˡ




767¡뿪
 

ǧϣܶȥҲкܶҵûֺ᰺ϼš
мгʢͷҲС˾ͼ塣
ЩšĽύУᰲûоǧ֮⣬ƳΰæԷƬ
ǿλò˪ϼܲã֪ӽ쿪ʼ᰾ʡҵŮˡ
뵽ᰱˣΪͨĳֻоη
Ҳ᰽ύˣʾлĻһҪϼź
̸ϸҵֻҪϼҪ棬ֹ˾Լʡ̨а
᰽ύ֮ǲǰʾʱԿǩԼͬ
ǲȴΪͺͳ˵ʱǩԼκһҾ͹˾
Ҳżǲʽ̸仰ҼԼһȥ
գǧڶʡߵ߰˰ˣһֻǡ
ǰս㵺ңҲ뿪ˣٸ֮ǰһֱߵķ
Ǹгˣ̫̫𺳣
ȻڳУͨͨǸСӡ
ǳΪóãǿˡ
ҳᰵĸŮĳҲڳ
üɫŮΪ֮ģ֪ǲǻ
һۼʻλϣԼпõϹиּį֮ɫǿϹܣһ¡
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᰺̷ҡ컪ǣ뿪
ˣƶʡ󶥼֮սĻ
ΪʡУϡɵֻĪĴڡ
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һУֱĳԤ֮С
·ԽԽСľɫڶ־ʵ̹ܽ٣ȥǻأҪ೤ʱ䣿
ҪСʱϢһ¡־Ĵ
ȻӳʱûпֻɳֵḶ́ôʡﶼԳһη֪϶һսķˡ
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ΪҪȥֲӻһʱ䣬ʱ뿪أ˳ȸĸ˸绰˵ԼӻæûʲôµĻȥ
չͺʾӡ
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ʩΰ죬ֵ֮Ĺʺ򣬵֪ˮȫԱ̿ѵʵͻͽ֮󣬳Ҳͷˡ
ĸ绰hѾʵǲҲñԼǿȼ޸ǲԺ󲻻ô档
hڵ绰ʾ˸лϣпյĻȥǿ
Դ˳ֻһЦȥǿhгҪŵˡ
ͻȻ뵽ʲôֻӶÿ־ʵ̹ܽ٣֮ǰ˵꿪ֲٰӴٰ֪ĵص
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Ϊʲôĵص־⸱ɫʵ
΢΢һЦδһͬǰȥ
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ƶֲӽдǵ׵Ĵڡ
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־˸ƣ˵·ݡ
̫ˣ绰ͷhϲҹ޷ȥƶʡ£һҪŶ
һԣ׷ĵ˵
ͷhͨ绰һŮиһ˿֮顣




768¡طѩľ
 

ԥһ£ǲͨǸŮĵ绰
ȥʡôãŴ绰ңǲˣֻﴫһֻܺǴһ˿Թ
캣Уطѩ
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֪ģʵ㲻õǸģڿǴæˡطѩ󷽷˵ȻһЦ
Ȼڳӵ䣬طѩЩԹҲխŮӡ
طѩ˴ȣˡ
ʡᣬƳηչһƬȣȴλֵ캣У
ѩлл⣬ôĵʵ
ܵĹػطѩһ˿ԹҲ˲ɢˣ΢ЦشҺܺãڸϰ׼ĩʲôʱ캣а
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طѩһ𣬱ȴƵ˵ɵڼѧУżˣôܻѧУ㵽ʱԼҳ
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طѩȷʵԼľȻϲʱʱ̺̿ͳһ𣬵Ҳһ߶˼ŮӣԼ׷󣬲Ϊ˵ĸӹ
طѩУѾкüŮӣŬԼø㣬ʵԼΪ綥ʦ룬ֻдﵽĸ߶ȣطѩžԼӵһľԼڳĿбøӶء
طѩ⣬޷ȫᣬֻܹʽ˵ѩȻ˾ϣʵ룬Ųü꣬Ļһļ۸񣡡
ллطѩ˵ҾҪȥˣԹʱŶ
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ȥԶ㡣طѩߵ˵仰̹Ҷ˵绰
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΢΢ͷȴһ˿޵Ļȡ
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Ҫִѵ룬ǺͻҺȻ
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ֱǰһĴڣֱеСӣǡҺЩˣһһĸ
ЦЦΪĵǿΪبŲҲϲ˴򽻵
ǺͻҺһӣ̲סĸ̣ϲֱ򽻵ǿɲһϲ򽻵
Ͼȥӹô⸱Էڣµʱûһ˻λ½̹ٵĻ˵óѵˡ
ǺͻҺʱֻܸ̼䣬̹ܽԣҲֱӶԳɡ
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769¡Ϳɡ
 

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ʻԱ׼ֱͻȻڼʻԱǰ˸ָʾȲҪ䡣
־ǾٶŹ֣΢΢üʵǣСʲô
ٺ٣ûʲôɵЦЦ̹ܽٳէѵװֱĻᣬһɻϵѵĿ
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Ϳɡ΢΢һ漴ʵ˵װֱɡأ
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ǺͻҺ˱ѵ΢΢ͷȥһɫûС
Ƕո˵Ƽֱô˻һԳĵǵ̹ܽٸᡣ
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ζҲԣɡĻǾԲСĽ̹ٷġ
ʱ˻һȥЩֱǰȫˡ
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ĻĸԸ̹ܽ١죬˵Ҫˣĳغɲǵ¡
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װֱڻϷͣôãڻ¶ٳѵֱѾв⵽ˣ׷̧ͷ쿴ô¡




770¡Խ
 

ٳϵֱԼʮңʮ˼װֱǡҺƶֲӾӢеľӢơ롱
˵ֱǾаһĴڣôʮԱǧһļ𣬶ӳһҲǴ˵еı
СӵĶӳ֣Σ֣Ϊ˴󣬾־׼֮󣬻شؽܳͷȴһĻᡣ
˿֣Ҳվڲٳϣ⵽ų⣬Ͼӱڲġ
ԱѾµһЩûһ֣ӳȫ²֣ǿϵܻȻӱλĶӳ
ζӳһŽС񻢡ֱҲƶֲӽ꾺ѡ±
쳣ߴСߵģӽ׵ߣޱȣϻ³Ѫɷ֮η
ȻСÿԱܸ׳Ϣۻֱ̲񷡣
Ŷӳ񻢿գԱǷ׷̧֮ͷ
ӳ̹ܽô䣿һԱɻʵ
׵ĸ߶ȣװֱϵѾ޷壬˿Ҳ޷жϾʲô£ͫ΢ղ²ҹǡҺһ¡
ӳĲ²⣬ԱǶúпܣ˷ˡ
뵽ǵӣ˸ڴǼһ½̹ʲô
֣Ҳһ̧ͷ֪켴½̹٣ֵܳ
װֱͣڰգ֣ѾԼ²⵽һЩˡ
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װֱϣ飬޷ǾǼʻɻɡѶĿ
֣Ŭװֱϵ仯
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ʱһݣڵˣ
װֱϣӰ
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ҲѵΣʱ䣬ھʮ׵ʱ̿ɡ
޵ľ뿪ɡɹ˶ԼӮˣ
Ȼһ̣ǺͻҺȴڰоĿɿڴ
½̹پȻûɡ׹䣡
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Ͱȫ߶ûпɡҪˤǣ
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ȻԼװˤ
׵ĸ߶ɡԼȥԻ᲻ˤֻǴӦǻҺĶһͱűʤľģ
ǺͻҺ˿ɡһ˲䣬²Ǽ޿ɡ߶ȡ
ֻҪڸһľ뿪ɡˡ
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ֻʣʮ׵ľ룬ѾȲʤȯֱӿɡ
ڵϵһֱҪˤˣ
ʮ׿ɡɡ޷ֹµ
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۶ӳ񻢡Աǳֵ֣ó׶༪ˡ
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¶εĳֱĿɿڴ𾪲ѣ




771¡һ
 

ǵûˤĽ䣬һѼӲĵȳһСӡ
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ǺͻҺ߹̾˵̹ܽ٣󣬾Ȼɡһ֮Ƿˣ
ھǺʵͬҪĶ
ǺͻҺ֪ԼҳͰȫ뿪ɡ
ǳ׵ĵλ½̹ٲ̹ܽٿе
⻹Ա
ϾǿŽɡģԱã˵ֻǳûˤ˰ˡ
Ѿ־˵ѧеʦʦܸҪеͰɣ
ֱˤĻ̫ˣҲ䵱ǵ½̹١
ܿ죬ϵװֱҲ
־ֱ߳ǰûˣһ
ţȫԱ͵λǵ̹ܽ٣̹ܽپ񣡡
񻢴һԱˢˢĶԳ˸
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½㻪ҲǵһοзĻشñȽϽŵشɢһ㣬ıǡ
λŮ̹ٲһԳСʱͷĵҩеЩ˼顣
Ͼشƺķ˴ʮҩģĵҩƽƽ棬½㻪Ҫֳ˷ѻʽˡ
ԱǿеĻɫҩȫüͷ΢壬û뵽̹ܽҪǷҩ裬ȥͺܲס
ǵʳƻϸտѧƶģʲôҩҩ
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֣ûκγɵߵǰɫ糣ʵžǻشڿԷ°ɣ
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־Ƿŵʣȫ˵Ƶĵҩж
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777¡ҩ
 

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ȻȫϵƶֲӻأΨһŮ̹½㻪ôܶ˵ķС
ȫϾǹҽѧԺҽѧ߲شǶҩĻ˶úе
һӣ ˿Ŀⶼһˡ
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شҩЧѾʼ֣ɢ֣ʣֻܹһҩЧһҩЧ޷գܿͻɶҩŰ塣
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ڳ赼֮£֣ȫƤһˮǻشҩ֭




778¡
 

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˵Ŀ⣬ƹ֣ȥһʱ䶼¶˼ɫ




780¡д
 

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½㻪ڽ̹п̫ˡ
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ͨԱһܻ֣˵һʤ
˿񻢿˵ƶǿֱˣģҲڱ֮ǰС
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֣ۼһɫӰ˲˵ǰһһΣֱӻ˫ȭ




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ȫţзëǰһ˿Ц̹ܽ٣û뵽Ǵ˵еĵõˣܹƳĻش֮ǰ۲ʶ̩ɽʶҩҸǸԲ𣡡
Ǻǣ֮ǰɲô˵İȫЦ㲻ƲҵĵҩΪҽƭӣҪڶĶʤ֮Է书𣿡
̹ܽ٣Ƕ˵ĺҪ桭ȫŵúһɪɪ
صʱ򣬳һ֮ĹӸ硣
ɲ׷Źȫˡ
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ȫ֣æĵ̹ܽ٣Ҳ书һΣҼȨƣֻҪĹңԺҿ϶Т




782¡
 

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ɣҲȫһۣתȥֶ
ȫԼɷˣ֮࣬иǸŨŨķߺ֮ɫ˿Ҳ̹ܳܽٻʦˣҧгݵճµģҴϣҼԻΪұƣ
־ðҡͷȫǽԩˣɲ鷳顣
ȫļڻһҲպʦδпܱ轫ΣߵѷָߵͣҲϽ̹ٿԲýֵġ
ˣȫүȥ־ޱķԸ
ȫ־һ㶼վߣǰλϽ̹һͬǺˣ޺޶־֪ҼھҲйϵģûֹСӴңǿƫ̻Եǰˣ
ܵȫв־һݣվڳ߶ˡ
ݣͳվһ𣬶Կȫļʱſռơ
ȫܿ챻˴뿪أص֮С
Ŀȫ뿪֮½㻪Ȳߵǰе󣬸˷ܣⷢĿڵ̹ܽ٣̲ɹҩģµĻش
ãȥɡ½㻪֮ǰһֱɣ΢΢һЦҲŮ̹ټƽ֮ǰ顣
½㻪һĵڲȥ
ڴĵ
ֻҪĻشԱãʱСʵΣֲӱʤ˵ɣҽʱΪǿֲӣǿʢ͸бˡ
½̹ȥԱҲڴ֮ɫϣƻشҩԽɹԽá
񻢣ʵڶҵĻش𣿡
Ȼ̹ܽ٣һŻشɣȻˣȴ⣬ôϣھͿԷ»ش
ЦЦشԱзݣ㲻ļȸˡ
ղ֣ȫ˫ȭ񻢻ɵͬʱҲһЩˡ
˳ó룬׼޸Ҫ
лл̹ܽ٣񻢴˿ȫǸ˳ĹԹԻﻹ֮ǰǰ
ʩչܿκˡ
ÿ񻢡Ա־Լڽ̹٣ٴθ̾ҽ뻯ȻеĶҽǿ̫ˣ
־ЦǺǵ˵Сӣ֣ʵǿµζӳû
˵֮־ɨӽ̹ٺԱһۣûһ˸顣
ղ֣չ¶ʵ̫ǿˣγ־ͻ˿񻢣ʵӳһⶼûС
ȻﻹһǾ֣ӱڽܿ񻢾Ϳµζӳδе㲻
ֻԱǶ˵
ǿó֣ͳ̹ܽٹϵǳƾһ㣬˭ҷ֣µζӳ
־֣֮ȴһ߲ѵĿڵ̹ܽ٣Ǵ֮ûʸӳǼÿ񻢵ΰɣ
֣Ļ˶еǳ⡣
лµӳƶǧͨʿĻᣬ֣ȻԼ
ǿ񻢣ԭ֣µζӳĺܲ
Լûشʵٴγ֣
֣Լǰһ
ʱûشǴ򲻹֣ʱŻķڷ֣ӳ
֣ȷµζӳ𣿡־ʵ
ҲԼĺֵܣ֣ǲǴ񣬸̫ˡ
ʱԱڹӶŵΧȫû֣ΪӳȲκһԱ϶Ӱ
֣¶ɬı˵̹ܽ٣ֻȥֵܱµӳѾûʸˣֵ֪ǶҶÿ񻢵Ϊڡ
ðɣǾͼɿ񻢵ζӳ־֣˵Ҳǿˡ
ʵ˵ʱÿִ֣ո¶ͷǡ׹ĻԱǿ϶֣ת俴ƾΪӳ




783¡󹦸
 

֣ܾµζӳûȰ
ֵܵĽᣬҪȵг֮󣬲ܽ⿪
ÿ񻢡֣߻һԱ֮УűϢһ죬;񣬱ֺ״̬ƺûشٸǷá
ǣ̹ܽ٣ԱӦÿԱ϶һԾԾԵӡ
ǰų֣Աѯûشʲôرĸо
֣ٱҲοࡣ
ȥҩĲɹ־˵ţڲķȥ
ĿԱ߻ϢԼҲص̹ܽרķ䣬Ϣ
ҪʮſǿЧش˳Ҳ㾫
Сʱ֮
⴫һŲò
վ߹ȥš
ֻ־½㻪վſڣ滹żžװʿ
ҩѾɹˣʲôʱԿʼ־Сʵ
ھͿԣǹȥɡ
ƻشҩģҽԺҩʹȥ½㻪Ŀڡ
΢΢ͷλŮ̹ٴҽԺȥ
ҽԺҩ֮󣬳־½㻪棬Ҫ
һʮſǿЧشǳҲҪķѲپ˱ȫ̱徻Ļ
ҩҴ֮󣬳ת״̬ʼȫ
ųģͷϽϸһſŻشƳ
¯óÿŻشʱٶּӿʮӡ
ˣǺķʮСʱƵڶϣŰʮſŻشƳ
ʮſŻشȫŽһҩһվ¶һĨ΢Ц
ʮſŻشʵ߼̨ףһԾΪǿֲӡ
ҲԼΪһССĹװɡ
ţ߹ȥҩҴţȿյġ
Ϊ½㻪ҹ־ȥϢˡ
Ů̹ȵϣźľ£˯úӣе㲻Ľ
캮ضҹȷʵȽࡣ
΢һ룬תΪԣƻ۶ȥȻư½㻪ĸ첲ϡ
Ů̹˯֮Уֻоˣȫůģ֮
Ϊ˵֪½㻪ܿѹ۾ʮ־衣
ǰ̹ܽ٣½㻪ʱе㲻˼̹ܽ٣Բҹ֪ô˯ˣ
ûϵҹˣϢһҲáЦЦҩд򿪣شѾȫƳˡ
̫ˣҩһſŻƳγΡɢĵҩ½㻪̲סȸԾ
Ϊ̹ܽǰ½㻪ĳ嶯ֻѾڸǲסϲ
߰ɣȥ֪̹ͨܽ٣ֱǵٳϼϣȻȴ⡣
½㻪ľ˸񣺡ǣ̹ܽ٣
˵űСųȥҽԺˡ
ٳʱֱѾϣÿ϶˷ܡ
־һڽ̹٣վһԣֱеҩпȥ
棬ǳ̹ܽʮСʱѪᾧ
ߵʮֱǰƽ˵֮ǰѾ˵شֶԣҪҸ赼ҩһһͬʱ£ҷ
֪ˣ̹ܽ٣ԱӦ
ͷĸ
Ա󿴿ҿʵﶼһ»ش
ǻǰĿڶӳϡ
ҾͲˣ񻢺ȻһЦƽʱ۵Ǻõġ
֣֮⣬ǵһзˡ
ȡһŻشݵ߹Ŀϡ
񻢽شָ俴˿Ȼԥȥ
һһȵҩ˲ȥɫǺˡ
ȫһ˿飬עſ񻢵ı仯
Ȼ֣ѾɹջشҩشĸñϾԣҲ˻е㵣Ŀ񻢳ܲס
£Ȼȡ룬֮ǰ֣赼ҩһʼʩڿʩ롣
йһξ飬һγܿ赼ҩųҩ
лл̹ܽ٣ϲվܸоԼ޴ǿ
ֻȴţܽȫΪá
ԱŶӣһ»شȻóʩ赼ҩųҩ
ʮֱȫɹס˻شҩһϲ˽־һڽ̹ڷдʯ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ܺãҽڸţ˵ţԱ¡
Ȼ֣ѾˣЩֱӣ̹ǻǾúܲ˼顣
ѵȫֲǶһˣ




784¡԰
 

֣Ҳһ
شҩȻʱϣζ֣ʵֹڴˡ
ֻҪԺڼڵţ֣ʵܸһ¥ԶСǿֱ
ʱúܿ죬֪䣬ʱȥ
̹Ƿ֮ԱȫȻһ£øѪƱˡ
˵֮ǰÿԱǳʵôѾĥ˲ı
ջشҩԱڲٳϽгѵʱֵٶȡӦ֮ǰǿϡ
츳ȻĶӳ񻢸ǿʵֻ֣һ֮ˡ
񻢸оԼʵ֣дһΣһǰֻûܵô죬Ǽӡ
̹ǺһԱ֣ٶʱڴܿ񻢣λǰӳʵҲûһ˿ɡ
Ȼ˶еϲǣСӵʵڶ̶֮ڣһµ̨ס
̹ţԱų̹ܽһ£Ǹ
۽̹ٻԱڶԳͲԶִ̡
ԼѵһھһµĿ꣬ʹȥ
ΪƵĻشҩ̫ǿˣԳʣµָѵ֮⣬Ҫ۲һƵĻشûк֢Ǹ𵽵ס
ʱܿ˵죬һҪƺ֢־ֱƶʡỨС
ƳѾʱ䣬֪ǰһʢ͡
־Ͳ㵱ˣصأ֮ٹӳ
ص԰СļңѾʱ䣬һžͿƳվſڣһ˫ﲨӯӯĿ
λվĴС㣬΢΢һЦĿƹƳΣ￴ȥһˡ
֮£ʵƳΣ۶أ
ߣһǣһĶûУƳһһ䡣
һЦֻܻʱ䣬Ƕһ棬Ҫϻȥء
ôܴ𣿡Ƴǲᡣ
νһղſԼɣҪ룬Ƴһ˫гԹ
״һѽƳ§ڻ˵ƳΣҼȻӦٰ̹ܽѵֱһ£ȻӦкԼĳŵһʱ䣬ܿ͹ȥˡ
㲻ýˣҶǿ˫۱ţƳ糺죬ɫߣİɣҲµֻܻһ죬ԴСͻ
һʱ䣬᰺۶ʡֹ˾ΪմҲãᰳΪʡҵŮʣż׷ϼźʱæýͷö
ܸϻѾܲˡ
᰺ۻ޷ƳεĶʱ⣬뵽еĽ§øһЩ
Ƴֻţ±ͻȻǿһĻĻǾ̫ˣ
ſɫǣһͶҶֶţѱС⻨ʱ׼͡Ƴǵ
ȻѣյƳζߣĥаЦƳΣСûˣѵ㲻㷹ǰ˶
ʲôǰ˶Ƴһ㶣׹ʱ͸ƻǿɫǣˣһǵ£̩϶ûôɫ
ðɣȻ㲻룬Ǿ͵ȱ᰺۶һԷε˵ȻɿԼ˫ۡ
ųůǿı䶸ȻȥƳһʱоģǿ֮УͬʱһɲֹĿдĵ׸ֳߵƳμн˫ȡ
Ļ棬Ѿ§ʱȼˣڳ׳нƳᡢʳ֪ζʱ̵ס
С˫շ췢̵ģҲаǣǿһʱѹסа⡣
ҳ׽ŪһС㣬ܹݣƳο̬ߵɳһ˾ҵģ
ƳΰҧӣԹɫǣղôＱڻװѵҪСôߣСԲģ
ţͻȻ
Ƴν΢΢һæָ̬תȥš
ɳϿȥȻ᰺ۻˡ
λŮһ۾Ϳ˫˫һ˼
һůһ¾͸ܵǵ⡣
ڣᰵûб¶̫ԵӾͲͬˣҡҷˮ첽ߵǰһ߰ﲨһ߽ĵЦܵܣɻˣˣ




785¡
 

˱ǣ΢΢ۻһƻ
᰺ƳԱߣҲñֳɫ
ƳμӺ˼ˣʱüȻе㲻ˬ
ʲôû˵۵ľٶѾϰˡ
ʲôʱģߵǰʵ
λɽŮüۼ䣬̺һƣ
΢ЦӦǰŸսţǺž͸ˡ
һȻţϵζȻֿ˿Ƴεȷûзʲô˳ջĻ
ðЦٶô̽ƵģַһֻСΪɰ
Ƴα۸ղźɵ񿴵ɫһ죬æ˵ȻǾ͸ϿԷɣ˶ˣ
ãƳνĴ͡ЦЦ߽
λŮһ߹ԡ
·ͨƵģۺƳһԣѳԱߵλøᰡ
żȻԵͨƳοɲٷһΣֻʶͳܽӴ
ӻʶ࣬ȥռߵλӡ
ƺƳε뷨۳ԳһЦʹλΪ֪λŮܲڳһֱλá
λŮ˼Ȼǲ²͸ˣɨһ۲ϵķʢͣɽ亣ζҲмҳСˣζ˱ǣó̲סʳָ󶯡
㣬Ҳˣӣһ廨⣬ŽﳢȻۻζͼλŮǵʱ
ųһģƳ۵ģʮֿģһ鶹ҵĺնԱϴ置ˮ󶹸Ҫóԣ
ҳһڽԽȥȻƳЦƳΣĳֽˣ
ƳκһЦ΢΢ͷȥ
Ƴã͹ŸвˣԵЦ˵
Ƴһôˣ
ΪڸԼƫģƳλæһ鶹͵ᰵ
ллƳΡ΢΢һЦݸͬʱһ˿Ρ
ԼãѾԶԳˣֻǰñֵ̫
ʵ֪ԼҲˡ
ôһ˲䣬ҲΪƻ𡢿Ŵ󵨵Ůˡ
ţֻ۹Ȼܻĸвˡ
ŵĴܿ;㷹ңɡ
󣬳ĵʵᰣ⼸춼æǲǴҪȥ˾
ͦæˣҿԶһᰵŴ󷽵ĻӦ
Ȼζԣ˶ɬˡ
Ѿܹ̹ȻԼģڱúǰͳȻദ
Ҳᰵһ
ᰵı仯οһЦǴҾͰƺ֢
šᰵͷ
۰Ƴʰ᰻صɳ¡
ţȵĿϵɰߣʼ衣
ַˮ̬Ŷׯе㲻š
û뵽λƽʱȥһ˵ıɽܲãȻ輼졣
ƺоʦָ㡣
óò˼ˣʵᰣû뵽æôרҵѧģ
үүҵġᰵЦش
үүᰵһ˿Ȼ
׽ᰵ飬ǸȻ˼¡
ûϵүүȻȥǰһֱ֪Ҳˡҡҡͷ΢Ц
̾˵үүһλ֮ˣһ̸˸ŵַҿõүүһλڴеĸˡ
үүȷʵƫĹŵĻ衢鷨յȵȶԡᰴǹŵȻЦ⣬үүһʱ⣬ȻһЦүү龳ţ书ҽĸˡ
ȿȣ˿ǸˣͲҪˡǫĸɿ
ԸԾӣǴң˼롣
סһǣңλŮãǱɽогһյõɣλŮӴˡ
ᰴܹе˼
оֹϿ죬Ҳ֪кܶڳ˵ĵط
ݡƷС
Ȳ衣̸䣬Ѿݺһ裬һ˵ǰϡ
豭ϸϸһţ磬һںǳݼ㡣
ò裡
㣬ҲҪȣ˿̣ƳκѾӳ߳ˡ




786¡Ħ
 

͸Ƴκ۵˲裬λŮ߹󣬱ͳһͬȲ졣
³ڻǶԴ˵еֱܺ档
ҳȥ̵ִĻƶֲеСӡ롱͸ظˡ
̵ôʱܲŪһƳʵ
ԱߵһЦĵĽôõġ
΢Цҿɲ뵱ʲôܹҹ
ͦõİô磬Ȼò˵˼ͨȫһƳеСźֻϣܹԽԽãλԽԽߡ
ֻҪ轫Σʱһɫشݣ뽯컪ЩߵýҲ±׷ˡ
֪һǵˣЦ⵭ȻĿڵ㻹һֱϲڣĽ֮λں
ҵϽܹʱسңǵԵһЦ
ʵھοɲô׵飬йڻֲӡ
Ҳִһ£ͱΡ
˵λʦ㣬Ҳִ̡ϡֲһ¾ϲſһǣΪٽ
ˣᰣҸƺ֢ɡЦ˵
ᰵ˵ͷվҪ߽ҡ
㣬Ա߿ƳԼ뷨
΢΢һƺ֢ʲôÿġ
³һ۸Ƴһ̬ȣʵ֪ƺ֢ҪϰСʱʱ䣬ڰСʱڶ
Ϊʱ䣬ʵ̫ˣСʱҲǷǳġ
һЦȻҪǾͿɡ
ԼıãԼϵУҲûʲô
ʱҲЦ˵ܣҲĦһ¡
ϴβǹĦһ𣿡أеΡ
ܣβ飬ûʲôҪܻİɣ۴Ц޷ܾ
ֻͬƳκԹĦҲͲýȥˡ
ţףĽë³г͹µǻģĴȻΪأȴջ
ͷ΢΢һȣۿٴΣᰵĶôƷÿһ˼˶֮졣
Ա߻дVװͬ𱬵ԱȣƳεĳߴͬˣ᰾ѹһͷ
ֻᰵ˼Ĵһأֻͣͻˡ
ܵȵĿ⣬ӹһ˿糺죬ûȻɫë£¶ƽ̹С
ᰵСϣʼƺ֢
ܿ죬ůĸоȫԿɳϣ۾һܵģ
ᰵ飬Ƴκۣ볢һ±Сĸоˡ
ȻѾͳһ飬˵ûôĽᰡ
Сʱ󣬳ջƣ´ףЦᰣٹ£ĺ֢ܳ׸ˡ
лл㣬᰻һЦҲڴһĵ
֢Ȭһ죬ԼĽҲó״ˡ
뵽ɫ΢΢һ죬֪һ죬Լǲǻ׿׹Ҳûκι˼ɵĽܳ
ջ˼᰼ݲ衣
ĸ죬ʱ⡣
Ķ̶һСʱ᰾ͽӵʮ绰뼯йء
£Դ
ֻεĿڵҪع˾ˡ
ȥæɣٻƺ֢Уһ˿ϧ֮⡣
ΪүүԸΪϼžľʵ̫æ̫ˡ
ŶʮѣŮ˵ĻƽʱڣԼʱȫ׸ҵóòΪۡ
˳Ѿţκᰵĺ֢֮󣬾ж¼ܲõְλΪŮ˵Ŀ֡
վҪţۼ״ϸԥ֮ɫ
ӦøߣλŮܲá
ò׻һˣͳദĻᡣ
С㣬Ҫ𣿡ᰲ۵ԥ
΢һ룬ڵ۶㻹ǸűᰰɣȻұһ˳ʡᣬѱᰵл𡣡
֪ˡһ˫ۣԹĿ˳һۣĸᰳš
ֻʣ³Ƴˡ
ʱƳڰ಻סˣл˵㻹߰ɣ
ȻôߣʲôааЦ
Ƴɫһ죬ɬ˵磬Ұɡ
ŵĻȴŨŨȻ
˲аǣһת۽Ƴǵȫ




787¡ȫѰ
 

ɳһ籩ոͣЪֻ
һֱʧ״̬ƳΣһֻͨ绰
ȫż֮ˣ绰ͷ־һ˿ǡ
΢΢ü˵ȫҴˣ
ȫļ壬одĹϵӦϣܾ߿޷ˡ־еĿ
ԣĲЦȫļ廹ǲһȻضˣ
ȫļ壬Ϊ̹ܽٵ־ʮּɵӣܺȫжıͷ
ھͿԻȥɴĴӦ
ãֱ־һ
Ҷϵ绰ƳѾƶ˻ع
Сѩ׵ļͽգһҪ뿪СŮЩ᲻á
Ҫ𣿡Ƴ˵ģʵ
ֻεЦЦ£ұ뾡ϻȥ
ֱҪʱɣһ𣿡ƳΰСԴڳϣ´ţ³뿪
ֻİοһᵱȻû⣬ҵĺóá
Ƴĳƺ˫ոǱ鲼Σлϲ޶ִһ˿꣬ôϣԶڳĻ
´˰Сʱ֮󣬳£ƳθȻǰֱص㡣
Ŀĵ֮󣬳οֱˣȻ֣
ֱϻǺͻҺֱ
̹ܽ٣ɣЦŶԳ֡
ֱ֣ٿװֱɣƶֲӻطȥ
ڻôˣһֱʵ
һ߷߶ȫǼһȻҴôȫǻأƶֲӵʲôˣ
ߣżодгûǲӻط̹֣ܽҪٰ̹ܽѳ̹ܽأҺҲԱԼķŭ
ڣԱѾԳǳ𾴣ȫҳ鷳ǵȻվڳһߡ
ΪˣΪƶǿֱҲоԼϺҫȫˡ
ȫҪ󽻳ǵ̹ܽ٣Ƕǵ裡
ǰ濪ɻ֣ԭȫߣ̹ܽٲãΪȫұľдС
ˣ֪־ҲԼѴ
ȫ˴ˣûдʲôֹһѪʵ
ĵĻ顣
ȫȻ̣ܴһȺ书ļ峤
ǻһȫˣҡҡͷûʲô֣ӵмҿθ񶷽̹٣϶ǳ̹ܽĶ֡
΢΢죬ȫ书ڵˮƽ֮µߣʲôã
ọ̈̄Ϊ׽ߣܶԸһλʦ
ôȫʲôص̣
ֻлصأ֪ȫΪʲôѰ
Сʱ֣֮ʻװֱƶֲӻصĲٳϡ
һ·ɻͿٳվˡ
־½㻪Ƚ̹٣п񻢵ֱһһȺװɽװӣһϣǱϵȫ
ȫ֮ǵʱҧгݣĿŤˣŭȵû뵽ɣֻˣ
Ŷҵǵһڣڲŵȵұ𡣡漴ߵ־Ǳȥϵķүôʹ˹
ߣΪ㱨ֻô򶷵ֶ֪֪ϣȨǱµĶȫ䣬Ķס
ȫҳҲԳͶȲƵĿ⡣
ȫȫһȴˣ˳Թ죡
ÿȫҳһ˸ŭ⡣
ȫүĹڣɷҵϣԺͽķʽ־վ˵ˡ
ղűȫȫ˱Ž
ڳصأ־ߵһ¡
ȫϼ岻õҲǻĲɶõĶ˲š
־ϣκ顣
ȫ־ĻȴЦЦ죬ЦǲЦ
־ҶСӴˣ㻹ҪҸͽ⣬ɵôȫ׵ĳ
ȻҲ˺ͽ⣬ȫûҪˮ˵ȫȻ߹Ǿǳ֣㱨ɣ
ͨ͸ۣѾȫվһ֡
ȻּĶ֣ڳﲻΪǡ




788¡ֶ
 

һ峤ȫߵ˵һ֮ȫҧҧƺԥʲô¶ƵĿڵ֮˽˶ԹҲڻ㿪սҲҳȥ棿
΢΢һȫֻƾ輸֣
УҸȥԥĴӦˡ
ȫڲӻ˼ɣͬڻŲֽţΪѾ׼ˡ
涼ǴƬƬɽ֣˽˶ԹɱԽ֮ʡ
ȫǱ߿϶һ뷨
־Ҳǵȥ棬߶ụ֣Ȱȫү黹أʽƸ̹ܽ٣ִ飬ͷ׷Ͳˣ
Ƕȫľ档
ȫԳλ̹ܽٳ֣϶ľд쵼𣬵ʱȫұλдǿҲһܵ
Ȼȫҵĳȫɫ΢΢һ䣬Ϊү𣬵ȷʵǸʮֵּ
ߣ־Ż˿ԣŻңȫصһм˵ƸСӣʽļûʽļͲʽƸ룡
⡭־ɵõɴ۾û뵽ȫȻ֪ܡ
ʵֻ˽Ƹ룬ƶֲӻִһʱ䣬Ȼ޷뵽ʽƸļ
Լһ仰־ƿԣȫǵ⣺̹ܽ٣˽ƸСӵ̹ܽҲˣȲˣ㲻ϣִ飬ûأСӣԸҹͷǸȻԷ书ô
־ɬȫĹҪ붼Ҫ룬϶Ӧ
ǾǷǴ򲻿ˣ
ϡȫ߷ϻŵүԱȫһŭ
үԼĶ³ڻһ𾴵̹ܽٱ𣬼ֱŹͷˣ
½㻪λŮ̹٣ҲԳʮֳ羴֮ǰͺȫüȫ治Ҫ¹ֵĶĶ˻ҳ̹ܽٱ̹ܽٵʲôˣ
½㻪дӢȫ۵а֮ɫѾʰ֮󣬾취λŮ̹
½̹٣Ѿ˵Һͳ˽˶Թ޹أȫӦһ֮ư㿴㵽׸Ҳҽӣ
ߣȥ档Ѿشŷȥˡ
ȫֻӬֻսپ̫ˡ
һ¶ûоʹӦȫǹһյĻȡ
ţȫ˷Σȫȥأȫ˺ĸָ
̹ܽ٣ҪҪȥ
־ڰֵǳȫ˽˶ԹȨ֡Դ֣ǺͻҺǴԶ۲һֲԾϱң
ǣ񻢾˸񣬴֣ǺͻҺˣɫĸ˳ȥ
ȫǣܿ⣬ɽּһյ
ڸߴ֣óԶй۲졣
ǲĳԸȫĸ֣뿴չ¶֣ǲɶõĻᡣ
ߵɽֿյʱѾһס
۲Χûʲô
֪ΣдӺζǳΪҲӦԴͷ
ˣȫغ¶һʤȯյ̬ޱȡ
һЦƾļ֣ܹɱң
ߣ㻹棡ʲôʱ˵Ҫüλʦɱ㣿ȫЦҡҡͷ·ɵһųճµģʦȷʵ˲𣡿ϣɱһλʦֶ̫ˣһܼ򵥣
ŶʲôֶΣ˵˵磬ʵѾڰ䱸
һλΰ˵սҪӵˣսҪӵˡ
ȻΪȫȻһз˻һ𣬿϶ʲôơ
ȫȻܽԼֶ͸©֪ϸһĨɫֱһһʦ֣˲佫Χס
״
ȫղ˵֣ɱģôǳ֣
ڳɻʱѾˣ
磬óʽ͹
ڳУֶٳһвԶûС
һн˻ܣͻȻ֮䣬ȫëըԺ˲両ּΣյźţ
Ҳ룬ƾֱұһ
Ȼó벻ǣȻûΣյһ
һƵļ𣬳ҼըһѪ




789¡ؾѻ
 

ڳҼ˵ͬʱɽҲһ΢ǹ
Ҳ룬̾Ͳ²⵽϶ȫ˾ѻ֣ڰ
ҾǳԶε÷ǳã͸ͫ޷
ֻó벻ǣѾǿֽͬǣͨǹеӵ޷ˡ
ھȻһѾѻǹˣ
ӵҼ磬ľѻ˲ըҼ缡⣬ֻоһʹ
Ȼʹ޷ԳʵԵӰ죬ԾǣǶ뼡ľѻȻ̺ĳ
ӵܹҼ硢˵ԭ
ʲô⣡һ䡣
еϤȲߵķҲߵ˲뵽ĳһֿԡ
ϧϧȫϣҡҡͷź˵Ȼûһǹ
ղ붯֣Ϊ˷ɢעðصľѻ־׼гһ
ڵʯ֮䣬ͷ˾ѻֻмͷ
סҼ磬תֹѪ֮󣬿ȫԭǾѻ֣
ûľѻ֣ȽľѻǹʦҲ޷ܵ˾ѻǹڣҹȻµûȫ¶ЦݣĿҼ类ѻӵըһѪ
ղеǳԴôһǹó죡
һΣòʮֵרעɵĲʲôȽѻǹǰžѻӵ
ӵٷУܼǿѻԲóжʧһ
㲻ʱûתʱסҼ磬űѻǹˡ
һγɲðصѻֵóˣ͸ͫ͸ҶʼѰҾѻֵӰ
͸ͫϾֻǳ׶Σûо̫Զ޷͸
ľѻ֣ǧоɱôԶľ룬Ȼ޷Ѱҵõ
ڸߴսĿ񻢡֣ǺͻҺ˾ͲһˣоԶ
ĸֱֳʱԶѰҾѻֵڡ
ѻصʮΣȻֱһʱҲҲ
ʱֶԳ
ߵĹȫΪ⣬赭дͽ˻ˣ޷ǰΧ
Ȼڳֵһ˲䣬صĶѻҵ˻ᣬǹˣ
һγԤϣѸһһľѻղվĵ档
ͬʱҲͨڶǹжϳѻֵķλ
̹ܽ٣ѻǰӷ򣡴Լһǧ״ҳѻλ֮
ȻȫģҲԹˣ̹ܽһֱΣ֮УѱᱻѻһΣ
ʵҲͨǹжϳѻִŵķλֻûпԶô׼
񻢵ͨȫ֮ȫɫһ䣬ľѻ־Ȼҳˣ
һǧ׵ľ룬ȫǲľѻʲôΣա
Ȼľٶȫͫ
ֻһСʯӣСʯע
Ȼ׼񻢸ղķλҪСʯӡ
һĻ˵ɴ۾¶֮ɫ
ôԶľ룬ѵʯͷѻ֣
ܣ
ȫЦҡͷС̫ˣ
ȣ־ô
Σܰʯͷӵһǧ⣬ʯͷĳ徢ҲԺԣȫܶˡ
ѻҲɵӣͿ񻢷֮󣬿϶ͻλˣζܱʯͷɱ
Ҳǵѻֿܻ˷λûпѻԭȵλãڵĸߵؿȥ
񻢺֣ǣԭʯӣҲò˼顣
һ֮Ǽתͷᡣ
ȴ֣ڣѻѾǰĵӷ򣬾뻹һǧף
֣䣬𼫶Σյľס
ԭǸѻֻλ֮һžѻܷλһųųλȥ
һݣܣŷλľѻʧȥá
ţ֮˲Ũֻƶɢ׹⣡
׹֮Уһžѻֱ룬ѻϰŵĦײէ֮£Ʒ·ȼˣ
ȫ֮ɫǻǵһμʩչ˵ʦš
δ̫ɲˣȻóͽֽסǿѻǹӵ




790¡ҹݺ
 

žѻȻҲڳ֮У˲Ӱ١
գѻմҲ޷ˡ
ⲻܣȫ֮ɫ
ֶͨΣʦô
񻢡ǺͻҺҲչ¶һ֣𺳵Ŀɿڴ
ֻ֣ԵѾ֪죬̹ܽٽΪѧʦжϴ
һǧĶѻ֣ȻְҵߣǱŵղסѻǹˡ
ʵҲͨ˲һȫҪԸˣҲһλߣʵ֮ϡ
ѻִ˿ֻһͷǾǾ뿪
Ȼɲþѻߣסѻ֮һֻϵСʯӣҲ֣֮ղķλȥ
ԳԶ˵һǧ׵ľ룬Сʯת˲
ѻֿһŷʯռʱɫ󺧣˿ֻüһٶǾſ壡
꣡
Сʯ̺ǿľһѻǰľѻǹM95÷飡
M95ΪȽľѻǹ֮һڳСʯӳ֮²һ
һָŵþѻɪɪҲߵľѻ豸ˣǰƶõ·룬ܿûڲɽ֮С
ѻٶ֮죬Ƕٴα淽λ
̹ܽ٣Ǿѻˣ񻢸
һϧղֻƾŸоʯӣûпѻֵӰֻ˾ѻǹ
ѻһӣȫ֮ͱþʧ롣
ǿǻؽ綥ѻ֣սԺգ۶Ҫѻֵľѻǹ±
ȴû뵽չ¶ֶΣֱӽѻˣ
ųޱ顢̺ɱ߹ȫŵòϵ䡣
ճµģ㲻ɱңȫǿ̿־壬ڵ
ļ峤Ҳ׷׺ֹöү֡
ȻѾ󻼣һ̣ķǳŭ
Ϊȫ𣬶Ϊѻֵĳ֣
ȫѾŹһ͹ֲˣָһһշɳ
һ̣ȫĲϳһʺĻۣȻǱжܣ
ȫǿ־˫סӣڴڵĺȻȴҲʿ֮ɴ۾ˤ
ۿʦձееֶΣߺȫ֮ˣŵɫ԰ף
Ƕ֪ʢŭ״̬ȫ֮˶Գǳߺޣ˿Ҳǳ
ɱȫ֮󣬳ʵĸȫ𣡡
ȫһļž˸Ӧ
ĵͷԺҪѰҿɲɱһôˡ
仰ȫ֮˾ԻǺԼҳĻᱻ塣
ʱǱľдУɲΪһȺˣȥһλʦһƶֲӵ̹ܽ١
˿̣ȫļˣֻ뾡뿪ñŭ𲨼
ȵȣԷߣȵѻֵȻ׼ߣ
Ǿѻ֡ҹݺǡǺҹӶŵƾѻ֣һȫҳսսĻش
ԣһνӶţĵӣܵĲӻظˣ
³ΪŭˣʥַʲôʱЩӶһЯ
ΪˣоԼϣݺݼ̤ˣ
ŭʢȫ֮˸ŵû겻壬еСѾ˫ȷվס
ңҹݺͺҹӶǷڹڣʵ
ǰشȫҳɫ־ҡҡͷ촽˵ҡҲ֪ҹӶȻǵ񣬵ǵһжǱܵģǼ޷ǵڡ
Ǿ͸ҹͷĺȵ
ȫ֮ɴ⣬ȫʬ壬ҲƵ뿪ˡ
ĿЩȥŭûһ֡
ﲻֲӻأͳֽȫļɱһɶ
ֻǳϾҪѭ׽ɷһɱôˣݽ棬ɱ˷졣
񻢡֣ǺͻҺ˹Ҽϵ˿ڣȫ¶ɫ
û°ɣ֣еʵ
ҡҡͷֻһƤˣûʲô󰭣Ȼȥء
ǣĸֱӦȻų߻ء
־½㻪Ƚ̹٣ԼһԱڲٳϵȴ
ˣҲ¶ػ֮ɫ




791¡ⱵĹӶ
 

ɫ糣ƲΪ⣬δ־˱ʾģȿڵ̹ܽ٣ڵĹӶ֯ԽԽˣ
˵ȫղ˹ӶԸ־¶ɫ
ĲӻظӶĻǾʧˡ
ɫ˵ûղȫԸҵģǺҹӶŵƾѻҹݺϧҸղûһˣ
ҹӶţҹݺ
ʣ־½㻪Ƚ̹٣ڶԱȫɫˡ
ҹӶǹǳĹӶ֯Ӷ֯аǰʮӰйӶ˾ֶ֯ǺҹӶˡ
û뵽ȫȻ뵽˺ҹӶŵƾѻҹݺ
˵ҹݺѣһֱضѻɹδʧ֡
ȻȴҹݺŴξѻ´
һλպĶѻ֣
ֻǵһܵѻϲ֮£˵Ƥ˶ѡ
ǻʾҹӶŵѾʮ壬ҹݺҲΪӶΣյʮ֮һȻҽȫɱֱ޷ˣ־Ҳŭˣ̫ҹݺ
Ͼ쵼ˣֻǻûʽļǹֲ̹ܽٵͷ
½㻪Ƚ̹ٻԱǣҲ뵽һ㣬ÿ϶֮ɫ
ȻӶ뵽ظɱǵ̹ܽ٣ܴ裡
̹ܽ٣̹ܽ٣ȥ׷ɱҹݺһ̤ǻľϣǾҪ񻢺һֱ߰
־ϳɳأûſһ𼤶ҡҡͷҹݺһԸ٣⼸컹ڻģŻмѭ
ô죿ѵҹݺѻ̹ܽٺ󣬲뿪ģң𣿡񻢺ܲġ
־ɫҹݺͺҹӶţǵȻҪȵҹݺʱεءʲô뾳˵֮ǰס
̹ܽ٣飡ԱУһרҿڵ
־˵ͷԱһЩó׷ٵĽ̹١ֱһ칫¥һõչ飬һϵĳ뾳ŵĹԱ
̹ܽ٣Ұ˿ڰɣ½㻪ҼѪ죬žͺۡ
΢΢ͷûоܾ
λŮ̹ٱȡҽҩ䣬˿ڡ
½㻪˿ڣһ˼֮ǰĹӶ֯󿪿ڵ̹ܽ٣֮ǰѾιӶ֯мӰйӶ˾аӰӶţƶʡģһΣȥ置ʱҲ˹ӶΪʲôЩӶǻĹ˲Ᵽ
־ʵеΣ߲ѡ
˵ȷʵʵĹӶڻԽԽˡ
ѾֹһνӵϢдССĹӶ֯뻪ġ
ڴԼһǰСִйʻʱܵʮҹӶ˾ɵĹӶȫû
ƶֲ˵ʧǳء
־һصӶ򣬾Ϊ˸ȴֲӶµԱǱ
˵ǻľȻ󲿷ֶҳгһЩ࣬йزҲһʷϱΪ顢
Ѿвٿر߾ĹԱӶ˾ΪӶαݣ뻪Ļ
ЩӶ˾Ҳ뻪ô򵥡
ǽһĵ飬Ӷ˾е۹Ӱӣݵ飬׹Ǳ߳һܲţټڶӶ˾ṩ񱨳꣬ǽ뻪ĵ߸ǵĹң
֮ǰ֣СִеǴλ񣬾ͱӶųɹƻˣ
߾ԱѾ𣬹ؽû뵽ֳµĺ飬ҹӶŵҹݺ϶˹Ա뾳
־˵һ۶ϡ
½㻪Ƚ̹ٺԱǣǵһ˵˻ܵ飬Ըе˼顣
ÿжȼŭ
ⱵĹӶٵĺ飬ʵ̫ˣ
ɫЩӶ˾һγصĴǾԻһ١ٶķһĹ
һֱڼЩӶ˾Ķֻһֱûҵᣬǽд־Щź˵
ĹӶ֯񣬻ܽƻԴϴƻ֮󣬾٣ûֱл
΢һ룬һ̹ܽ٣ȻЩӶ׹ָܲʹҪ߸ǻİȫΪβ߳֯һƻж




792¡߳
 

飬־ǰһúе
ϴ֣ǵʮҹӶ˾ѾҪƷǳѡ
öԷһ򾡣Ǿò
ֻ뵽ϴСӲصʧ־еԥ
߳ʱֲأԱĻ̴ְˡ
ЩӶ˾ʵǿһд˵з׹зǿҩߵĴڣʮҹӶ˾»в֣߳Щ߷ǳԶԸ־˵Լǡ
ϴξΪЩߣʵڻֱСӲŻӽȫû
һ΢΢ͻȻ뵽ѻҹݺӵ
ôܿҹݺһߡ
뵽һûлָʱ򣬺ͼӰеƹӶһ߰·޿ں׼սջɱ·޿ˣԼҲɽҽԺ
˵ҡ׹Ǳǿߣǳǿô֮ǰСҲͰܵòԩˡ
ڳѾָһʵ۷״̬νߣ塣
ȫµСӣѵ֮Ҳǿ࣬Ժ͹Ӷһս
̹ܽ٣߳ļƻҴͷִУΪ񣬾̹Ӷ̤ǵ
飬ǳһ˭Ʊ˶Ϊ֮Ŀ
һ̣˶гڣܸӶţΪȥֱֵܱ
־ܵ뺴ȫľģҲԥˣ֣ص˵ãǾɳ֯νӶŵж
˵ͷ漴ĿƵɨȫԱһۣʵûģ
̹ܽ٣Ըһսɱ۹ĹӶʮԱȫһ־޲̾ȥҹӶɱ
¶΢΢һЦľͺãǲûյ̣⼸ȰҵѵʽҵĻشҩЧڣʵһΣʱԹӶ˾ߣҲһս֮⣬̹ܽٷųϢ˵ǽڻִһλ񣬵ЩӶ˾뾳ᣬٵǴװжǿ֪֪ˣ̾ͺôö࣡
ǣԱӦ
־ҲճĻʼճͷ쵼ս
Ϊһشжõϼָʾ׼
ʱָԱڼֻȥһκ֢
˵ܣϼļͬս
ľеĴ쵼һֱƶʡڻĹӶ
ֻϴʧأһֱûж
ε֪ƶֲ뵽һλͬʦҵõ־ĵ˱׼Ρ߳ж
һܵʱ䣬־Ҳ뼴ִϢСġй¶ȥˡ
ڹʰϣϢѾҹӶ˾֪ܿ촫׹Ǳȥ
ֲֽ֪뿪أĳҪ׹ĳ̷ָܲϴʮҹӶ˾
ȻӰӶѾˡ
ּӽµĹӶ˾Ϊǿĵ۹Ч͡
ڽļʱЩӶ˾½½Ľ뻪Ĺ
һ뾳־ǵϸ֮¡
ŵһϤĹӶ˾֣֣ս˫ȭҧгݡ
ӰСǡ񡭡ʮ߼ҹʶӶ˾ȫƶʡڼᣬҿʼȦ
͵ŷСˡ
׹ָܲʹĹӶ˾Ѿȫ롣ŵϵ
־ͷȷϵûǵ鱨ܹʮ߼ҹӶ˾Ƿչжˣ
Ȼǽͳսһֲ˵ţ߳칫¥
־½㻪һڽ̹٣ųٳϡ
˿̣ʮֱѾڲٳϼϡ
ÿֱ̺Բʾװͦأʱ׼
ڳָ£ԱǾʮѵʵѾ˼̨ףƸ׳
˵Ǿǻǿľˣ
ֵǣ׼𣿡ʵ
׼ˣ
ʮԱĺ
߰˵ֵǣⱲǻĵľˣȻԼǾˣֻҪҪңҪңʱͷ­ѪЧ
̹ܽ٣ڣǻľ˱ضңѾòӶǺˡ
ȾԵĻÿ˵Ķ־ȫԱѪڡ




793¡жʼ
 

һɽһѪ۹ɳӶŵ߸ҹǱҪҫԽԽ
ҫ𣡡Ա˻ĵ
˵һս֮󣬻ĽΪӶĽҳս
ǣ̹ܽ٣ԱӦ
漴ʮֱ½ϻصװõ·ߣƶʡϱ߾ȥ
־½㻪Ƚ̹ҡͱ𣬲ܹʤ
װʧУ̹Ƿ׷׷ذ칫¥عӶŵĶʱṩϢ
װϣÿֱڼװȷκβ
ֱϸֻҲǴһ۽硣
ǰǾԣҲԻľ˵װΪ棬ԼҲΪһˣʹøΪս
ȻѾӵһͨҪӻЯκװ
ܷɻϣͳһֿտա
̹ܽ٣ǰЩӶҪǴֲĿɫ˷ܵ˵
ӦȻǱñ֮ǰǿ󣬵ԸӶţǲܵģһָӣ
ǣ񻢺Ա̻ش
Ȼûеιָӹ٣ЩҲ˽ѧϰһЩ֪ʶʱָս
Ͽ񻢺֣ӳĸָϲʲô⡣
װٶȺܿ죬ԼһСʱƶʡϱ߾
սƻװֱӽڹӶŵڵأݾߡ
ھӶŵ㻹ʮʱ㽵ˡ
룬ùӶŵС״޷õ
Ա˷ɻóһݸҹӶ˾Ӫصķֲͼꡣ
ȻЩӶ˾׹ָܲʹ룬ǹӶ˾֮ҲھϵмһйԹ
Сûг֮ǰǶǸΪӪûмһ
ƶʡϱ߾һƬԭʼɭ֮Уʮ߼ҹӶ˾԰ӪկÿӪկһϡ
̹ܽ٣ΧĻӶźͶӶӶ֯ǵľǿȰҽ𡣡
Ҳģͷ֮ǰѾǺͶϣȷʵСӶ˾ǿԷֿս񻢡֣ʮԱȥĶ䣬ҴʣµȥǱߣסҪӶ˾
̹ܽ٣٣û𣿡һ䡣
Ȼʮ߼ҹӶ˾еڶʵҲС
ǹŵĻȣ񻢣ұȱȽӶ˾ٶΣ
߿϶Ȳ񻢲˼ЦЦԼˡ
ôܻ⡣
ʼжһ£·ͽԭʼɭȥ
һ·ϣͿ֣ߣٹӶ˾õԤأѵصֱˡ
ӶӪկǧ׾ʱ򣬳Ϳ֣߷ֱһڱվ
ߣֲֳǹӶڸѲߡ
γûԼ֣ɫľѻ֣ѻǹϢɱӶȻǰС
ǰٶȼӿ˺ܶ࣬Ϊ֪ڱᶨʱ͹ӶӪկ磬ʮ֮ûеõڱĻظӶӪկ϶֪ˡ
ѸӶŵӪկ͸ͫһһ¾ͿӪկﹲʮǹӶ
ʵԼ֣ʮֱҲɽԷ
˳۲ΧһʮֱӪկ
ֱǷ׷óԲʷïʢݴԵڻӪկȥ
ܿ죬ѲߵĻǹӶһֱѸٰɱˡ
ֱĶǸɴ䣬ȶס˲ӣһ̽࣬һ춼ûз
ֱֽӪʣµĻǹӶɱ̶ʮڣľĻӶžʹ˸
¶ɫͬʱǱҲݱǽӶҲϤˡ
̹ܽ٣ǰβӶ˾Ҳһ˰ɣͨͨѶʾ
Ժ̸βߵϣҲĹӶ֯
ЩʵСĹӶ˾Χ˳ǸƵĻᡣ
˳ĵÿǼнж
ԼʮֱǰһҹӶ˾פȥ
鱨ʾǰĹӶ˾񡱣ǹǰеĹӶ֯ʵֻӰֶӶ˾ѹͷ
롰Ӫػһ׵ʱԱߵһԱѵ̹ܽ٣䱸׹ȽƼС״ǰĻ»ᱻ֡




794¡λս
 

ûʲô״ֶΣ˸Լʮֱһۡ
̾һֱУǸ״飬ҲᱻԷ쳣
ûϵѾ˶ԷڱӶ˾ᱻֵģԵ¸״֮Ƿսϵ˵
ǣʮֱӦ
һӶŵϣֵǹǰеӶ֯ʾӵһһߣǲųظ֣սپ𣿡
ֱȻԸָĹӶͿֲӣǻûֻ߽֣ߺǿ칦ܣһʱ䶼ûлشĻ
֪Щֱηǽ΢΢һЦİɣ߽ԸУԸ˵ĸ֣ң
ˣʮ˸ֱش֮̾һרȡ豸ʼӶŵС״⡣
ֻʮʱ䣬רұԳ˵̹ܽ٣Ѿɹ
ɵúãȫͻϣһ£ʮ˸ֱһӶӪ˹ȥ
ҹɫԲʷڻ£ֱַǷļᣬû״⣬Աܿͳ̹һ׵ľ룬Ӫ֮ǰ
ӪſӶڷڣ˸һУֳAKǹڰжȻܳʮӰ֮£̿۶Ҫųһͨɨ䡣
ȻӶԸһŹӶӼȥ
Ӷֱӱжϲӣ˲նף
ٴۼ̹ܽŵֶΣʮ˸ֱ¶֮ɫͬʱҲܹ裬ֳǹеӪչж
ӪһȺӶΧһڿҰζԣ״ﱻţվڵĹӶնʱѾԾ
㿴ʮԲʷʿЩӶԾ֮ǹҪ
ȻĹӶʵǿôȵùѵصĻֱ뻹ֱСӡ
ʮ˸ֱԾտ˲ɱߵһȺӶ
ţӪĹӶҲˣжʮˣÿӶ쳣뺷ֳǿ
ԷӵƣֱҲӲӲѸٶ㵽ٽ
ص޷ֹԷǹˣաǹ˲쳹ҹգ
һݣǵͻϮڻǱȫӶ˾֪ˣ
Է϶֪˶ˣķλ˿ǿĻԣڴλսֻǰսپ
ǰӶţڵһʱ
͸ͫˡǿһӶ
쳣׳ĹӶȻʮ˸ֱĻǿг˹
룬֪ӶضǾǿߣ
ߺܿͳ嵽ֱ棬ֱǼɫƤϣȻ׹⣬Ҳ֪ƤʲôµǿȻӣ
һֱǰȥһȭȥ
߲мһЦӳһȭֱ˸ӲӲ
صһԭزֱ˺
£߶ԾڶԷǿ
ֱû뵽Լ̹ܽѵֵȫǿǱӶŵһȭˣ
ߣΪһȭֱɱȴû뵽ֻǽԷûˡ
һĻѾжϳֱһߵʵࡣ
ȭֱˮƽѾԿסһߵһȭʵ൱ֱϣܺһߴ൱
¶ӳ񻢣Ѿܹ˿һߣǿ֣һߣʤ㼫
һǱߣҲ̫ˡ
ΪѸٽӶţֱ֣ǰӭһߵĵڶȭ
䣡
ȭͷĶײһһ߼ͨΪضܽѣȴû뵽Сȭͷϵֲ޷
һҽУһߵɳȥȫǾϣͶˡ
̹ܽٺֱǷ׷̾
˵תƣӶ˾ܿͻ֧ԮǸ滪λս
ǣʮ˸ֱһ˷ܡ
ֹ䲻Ūڹ֮еĸоսҪˬ졣
һߴһӶӪȥһͨѶϵǱôˣ
̹ܽ٣ѾβӶţ˸ҹӶ˾ӪأΧǣ񻢵Ҳ쳣˷ܡ




795¡ר
 

Ǳ߱ҹӶ˾Χ£üͷ΢΢һ壺û⣿Է̫ĻҪӲӲ䲻Ҫǿк߶ƴҪĻҹȥ֧Ԯ
̹ܽģǲôɵǴģڶԷڰÿԴλս仰ͳ뵽һȥˡ
֮󣬷ǧСģʲô쳣̱ң
õģ̹١ͨ껰󣬺֣ʮֱӶʵһͻΧ
뿪βӪغ󣬿תͷ˵ע⣬Ԥƻжʮʱ䣬ͽϰӶ˾ҹ˾ʮӶ
ӳǵͻϮѾӶŷˣģð⣬˵
֪ϲ£ЦʵСô棿
ٺ٣Ȼֵƶˣ˷ܵ˵
ʮԱ֮УɫըרңըҩƼѾԽ˽̹ٵˮƽܸ˼ıƷ
񻢵ͷӦˣʹըսپ÷ʽ
ǶĴҺ֣Һᣬһǰͷһþ֮ǰ
񻢺֣Ҹεص
ûбƳɹĻǻ̳֧Ԯ
ǿʼΧĵ׼ըҺȡһ˻ǰ̽ȥ
ֻзС˻ͺšCH802ΪӪսλʹã鷶ΧԴﵽʮװиϸ߿㾰߱ĿС͡ǿص㡣
CH802˻ٶȼ죬ڻҺĲٿ£ʱҵǰϹ֧ԮİӶš
ֻҺߵĻʾӶŹʮӶмӪ
Ӷһ·С̽Ȼ±
ǵֶٺãҲֲڴֵͿе˻
ǣǻʮӾ͵λã׼ûУҺǴݵзϢ
죬һЦʮӶѣõô׼𣿡
˵ţӾñȡһƺӣóӵĶǳɣƺºҡ̫Ҷغ
򿪺ӣװŰ˿ż״ҹɫﷺŽĺ⣬Ҳ֪ʲô졣
˿Žͨʵǻ͵Сը΢С͡߾ȡŻص㣬һըֵʮԪ߰ļ۸ըֲֻܸװ
ԥһ£ƺ᲻ЩըӣȡĿţڵзضĵ·ϡ
ɭҶڸ£Ŀ״ը޷۲
ҾԷмը豸Ҳ޷¼зСը
ĻľˣѲǵװС׼Ӳǹ״ֲ̬ӵװ̶ȣ׹ֱȶЩҰ·ӵĹӶɱȡ
ը֮ǱͻҺã˿˻Ļ棬ڣӶʮˣص㡣
һĨ˷ɫʮӶȫըƷΧ֮ں̰¿ưťĿ״ը
䣡
Щ뻪Ĺ񲻿һĹӶ˲䱻ը죬һҽУ֫кըõǣ
ʮӶȫû
ļӶȻֻըˣҲܿ챻Ѹɱ
һӶ֯
񻢺֣Ǿ㶼¶ϲɫӪ̽ȥصļӶɱ
ߣͬûԣһ֧ԮĹӶ֯
̶̲ʮӣ׹ܲ֯뾳ʮ߼ҹӶ˾ͱң
зʵһ±֮һ
֮УĵӪһ𷢱۵зŭˤڵͨѶ
ո밲Ӷ˾ͷϵȴһը죬԰Ӷ⵽ըϮ׶༪ˣ
ƻĻֱȻɢϢǵǰϮʵ̫ƻ̫޳ˣ𷢱۵ŭ
ӪѸ߽һӶ㱨³ĿǰѾҹӶ˾ǲҪ
ǷЩСӶ˾ûһסģ³ŭ֮£øˡ
ӶС˵Ĺ˾Ӷš
ʲôҲˣǿ򣡡³¶ŵɫ
Ӷͷ˵֧ԮĹӶ˾˵Ѿзɱ
ߣĵֱǲ֪ظִڣ³иһ˿ɵ֮ɫ
Ӷߵϣʵͬһ㣬ȻڼʱڱԷɱ˵Էظ֣ʵҪǿһΣ




796¡֮
 

³ǼӰӶ˾ɹͷˣǴ˴μӰйӶǿĴڡ
Ӫ֮УһλŻҺɫ糤ӥӥӣûӶȫװǴһ׺ɫװгġ
ӲЩʿ㼡ͣȫջƽָȥһλʿ
ֻװӵ̺űɱη
³ǰż־η
ǸӶѾװӵѹÿ촭ˡ
Ӷͷ۽⿴װӵʱǰս
ֻװӵ֣һֻɫĽף⸱Ͻɣӵļͣϵָֻλò˼Ǽ̣ȥľ
װӣǼӰӶ˾ƹӶ֮һ֮֡˹
ʵĩġ֮·޿ˣҪǿΣ
һλӰƹӶ˹ʵ޼
ԴӰ·޿ǰĸӰڻĵĸ˿ᱨȴɱ֮󣬼ӰжԻĸֵӳ̶˶
νɱСӵֱɳ֮֡˹Ƿֹظ֣
û뵽ˣ
ֻǼӰڻ֪ɱӶߵˣǼӰеͷŴг
˹ˣѾǹӶŹҹӶ˾аʵǿӶţԳ֣ûֱۣ³ʾ
˹Ǹ֮߰ɫվĮҡҡͷЩӶ̫ˣʮֱԸˣҲãʵСӶž͸ʧ
Ϊǿߣ˹Ӷ˾һͬĶûС
Ϊս˷ðѪĹâƽ죬
챨˹ˣֱʲôλ³Ӷȵ
ӶϽͷٴӶ˾Ѹ磬Ȼ󱨸ֱֳӣһӸ𰲸˾֮󣬴ӰӪϷһӸӶź󣬳׵ӶӪأ׵ӶѾڸԵ
˹ˣȥһֱ³Сʾ
˹һȻȥɱӶŵһӣ
˵ţ첽߳ӪʣʮӰйӶ׵ӶӪطȥ
˿̣ʮ˸ֱѾ׵ӶŽΧӶŸϹΧ¡
һΣڴλսˣֱǴ˸ƣֱӭսӶţ
Ӷһһ򣬳ʲãߵĹƶӵԼ
ʮ˸ֱԸǹʵûĹӶ
ֱһֱǿı֡
һܵ͵ʵĻֱ캣Ӫж֮У˵ֱСӣͿɺһʮֲӿ⣬Է򵽽ӽȫû
СӣսǻֱĶˣϳѵԸպյĹӶ˾ҲǺѹ
ʮ˸ֱʮھɱӶŹĹӶ
Ҳ׾ٵĻɱһߡ
ҵߣڵһǿ׶Σ󲿷ǿ壬û
ȻܹƾԿһһߵȫ޷ֵ
ӶŶʵߣͲôĿ֣Ǳ߳ˡ
սӶ˾ʱͻȻ֮䣬һֱʹг
ôüͷһ壬ͷȥ
ֻʹгǸֱƺձӵһƤ⣡
һ¾жϳڰзǹ
ǹʮֱָ޷
ȫ壡ſ£
δ˵꣬ѵصʮ˸ֱѾҺ塣
һֱԳ̹ܽ٣Ǿѻ֣
ѻ֣һ¾뵽ҹӶŵƾѻҹݺ
ѵҹӶžڸ
˵ֱڶѵİ£Ѹٰ˿ڡ
ţֱǻϣһ߻ɱʣµĹӶһ߲Ҿѻֵķλ
ۣ
һžѻľţž˲ȼɼžѻж
Ȼȼյԣ
ͨ͸ͫѾйľѻһš
ȻǶѻҹݺ
̹ܽ٣ѾҳзѻַλҪԾѣһֱŭд˷ܵ˵
ҲǲǵģԷжѻ֣ҲУһֹһλ




797¡Ծ
 

ʮֱ˶Ǿѻ֣һλڳߣ
ͷֱͬԾѵҪ
ֱƺšӥСڳˣܿʮϵı־Զ
ҹ䣬ӥ۾·˺һǧڵĶܿһ
ͨղҹݺǹӥѾжϳλôžңӥȫøԼľѻǹװϱֱӼǹ׼
ӥ䱸һѻľѻǹGSLR4ѻǹӥԼ죬̡׼ȡ϶ͨͺŵǿϼ
⣬ڴҹɫеĺҹӶƾѻҹݺӥװȻԾѣһֱ
飡
ҹ£һǹͻȻ𣬲ԶԶ˳ȥ
ҹݺм˲䣬ӥѾǹˣ
һ¾׼ҹݺļ
ҹݺʹ֮£һû뵽ľѻֳǹֿ׼
ҹݺҲһװ˽磬סӥһǹ
ţӥĵڶǹӾ׼
ֱҹݺǶ
ղŵһǹӥѾΪƫ˵ڶǹȫעҹݺһǹ
ܾɱҹݺĻôڻľеϵ۷壡
ȻҹݺѾʶӥǿľѻ˵ڶǹʱնյĶ㿪ˣ
һۼԾѣţҹݺΪ綥ѻ֣ȻͨӶɱȣѻͷѻԺֱˣ
ֻҹݺһߣѻעӥеĻʹзҲһס
ʱҹݺˣ۶֮һѻӥԴ
ӥҹݺǹǰѸٻλãȻ벻ǣλþȻҲһžѻֱ
һ¾ӥɫ䣬ոշؼǹܲ
״һָⵯڶžѻһ룡
žѻϣûаȻҹݺģ
ҹݺһи֣ӥڹŹؿһ⣬֮£ѿڽе
һˣԭҹݺ߻һѻ֡
ѻȻߣһֱûпǹͻȻѻȡ湦
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Ҳ룬ӥҹݺȥԸҹӶţ
̹ܽ٣Сĵ㣡ҹݺĸ־ѻܱ̬ӥѵ
֮ǰҹݺ˼֪λʦҲ޵֮Ҳǻ˵ġ
һЦҵҪѻֱһȶԾѣ
ӥһֱһ¡
֪ûѻھȻҪľѻֱȶԾѣ
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ֱǣܵĳѪ֮һԷУǿɾʹ²ˣ
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ҹӶŵĹӶҲǰΧ
ʮ˸ֱ֪ûʱ䵣ˣͻǰȥѻڻ
¶壬һſ£ҹݺĸ뿪ǹ
ڳҹݺǷǳɵġ
ΪƶֲӻظİؾѻǹһǧⱻһСʯӴˣ
𺳵һ֣ҹݺ¡
Сӣã
žѻ˲䴩׾룬ǰ
ŲæѸŲλã͸ͫڿҹݺ࣡
Ȼһˣֻǲ֪ǲǳġ
Σָ׹ĻˣǾ޷ˡģ
ŭӿ֣۶˾ѻǹ
һ͸ͫķס£ӵ׼ĳҹݺĶͷȥ
ҹݺȻһû뵽ֳѻҲǿò˼飡
ûмһᣬڸ񶷺;ѻ涼˾ͨ
֮£ҹݺһŲתסؼλ
ѻ˲͸ҹݺļ۵һ죬ƵĻ类ѻ״͸
ţѻҹݺĻ
ҹݺΪԼԻסʱȴû뵽ѻȻ˲䴩͸ͷʹҹݺҽг쳹ҹգ
һĻĳǹһȡ
ѻͬҲܽעѻ
ҹݺĻͷ·𶹸ֵ׾ٵ룬
ͷеҹݺʧɫѾӰ쵽ľѻˮƽ޷ٺͳԾȥˣ
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ȻһΣҹݺߣ
֮ǰҹݺɹ룬Ϊһǧף׼˳·ߡ
һǳʱҹݺľλã˷׷
ڲ׵ľ룬͸ͫ۵ףҹݺվ׼ܵʱ򣬳Ѿ۶˰




798¡ƴʱ
 

ҵ
δ䣬̺ľѻѾҹݺӦ
ҹݺĸ֣ݵ綥ѻ֣ȻþѻֶɱȻͬʱš
ҹݺҹݺˣֵͨڵͨѶﵽÿҹӶŹӶĶС
ӶǿҹݺЩӶǶʱĴңҲӦս
ʮ˸ֱɱҹݺÿ˶Ƕ־ǣǿĺҹӶɱ˸䡣
Щֻߵģ򱻳һǹһֱӷŵ
̶һڣǰеĺҹӶţʹ
̹ܽ٣ľѻ̫ǿˣ
ǰҹݺĸּĶ֣
̹ܽٵ鷢ٷУֱһѻְ
ԱΧ˹Գһٴޡ
ŵɫʵľѻרҵ
ֻ͸ͫڶ̾ڽо׼ѻﵽٷеЧ
ѻ볬һǧףǧף֪룬ԼͲһľѻˣȲСľѻ֡

ڳҹӶսͬʱ񻢺֣Ҳӭս
ʮ߼ҹӶ˾ɵĹӶţǰѾͿͻϮҡ
֮󣬳Ⱥ׵硢ҹԼӶš
ʣ߼ҹӶ˾ǿļӰ߸
ҹӶ˾Ѿ񻢺֣Ǳ߶ȥ
ʱӶѾֱ鱨
ֻʮˣǿļӰйӶ˾Ը´ࡣ
ҹӶ˾Ը񻢺֣ߣܹʮֱ
ܵҹӶ˾İӶΧ£Ѿ޷ٴλսˡ
ֻܺͶԷӲӲһĵͻΧ
ӳǰŵӷSRIӶ֯ҪҪͻΧһԱ
΢һSRIӶ֯ʹͻȥ֣ӣ֪̹ͨܽ٣
ã֣Ҳܻ䣬ιӳڵָλúѹ
Լĺûᣡ
һΣһҪֵǳɹͻΧ˸ʣµĹӶ˾
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ʮʮֱSRIӶ֯ϣ
һ˲䣬ҵǹսƬԭʼɭ֣
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Ⲣ֣һѹΪ˼ҵĽ𣬿϶ҹӶ˾
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SRIӶֱ֯տǹ£ܿƬȻҹӶ˾ҲϹˣ
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ӶĿ֮̾вǹȫɨ䣡
ʮֱ˲ǹֵ֮У
ܼǿĻֱѵء־ᶨҲɫ
֣Ϳ֪ѾͻΧȥˡ
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ֵǣƴʱˣǺΪȥֵܱ𣡡֣ŭһðǹֵһ˳ȥ
˫ָһѲǹӶɨ䣡
˺ηľٶֱ˲ѪڣĵҲұ֣ˣ
λǰζӳʱʱ̶̿ΪȥֵܱԸ
ľˣֵ𾴣
һϣֻ֣֧֣Ҫһӣ̹ܽپܸϹ񻢶־Ľеڶ壬֣ս
ȻԹӶǿĻǣ֣ͿҲɵӣܿɱԷʮӶ
ԱеĿǹеըλӳڻ
ҹӶ˾ֱ׺£һʱӶĵ׶ֹĸһ־塣
Ϊ׹ܲس꣬Ž뻪ĹԸģôðС磿
֮ǰ˵ֱһȺϴСӻȫ
ЩӶһֱûѻֱΪҲɵ
ȴû뵽СѾ̥ˣһгӣս˼Σ
ۿֱԽսԽ£һԼȴͬ鵹£Ӷ֮ġ
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оļɢһҹӶ˾ͷһϿǹĹͷ˹Ӷ˾ͷȵʵˣɳ߶ԸЩĻֱ
ҹӶ˾ھϵײ뱩¶Լ˾ʵ
ѾΣͷóƿ߲Ĺˡ
˹ͷ˴֮Ӷ˾׷ɳԼǿĹӶܼһߣ
ǿµߣǹֵ񻢡֣һֱٴС
սڵ




799¡ƴɱ
 

һ϶Ʒװͻٶȷǳ죬գۼѾֱǰ
ۼӵֻܶˣ֣֪ȻҪչˣ
񻢡Ҵһ֣סߣֵܼԸĹӶţ֣˾
û飬ʮֱ߳ȥ
У֣Ϳ񻢸ԶһߣʮֱΧ
ڽж֮ǰѾ˽һߵʵ֪󲿷һ߶ǿƤĳսʿǹ룬ˮˡ
˱ж׼˽ƾֺϽľľв
ܿ죬֣ʮѣһսһš
ֳ֣־ӦԼߵһߺѹܿռϷ磬Ѿߵ˫еѪ죡
ᵽһߵʵ֣֮аʮڽԷɱ
ʵϵһߣ˸൱
ÿһ߶ǳʿֱۣľײһҫ۵Ļ𻨣
֣ԽΪɵնߵĽۣҪ࿳
ʮֱΧߣеˡ
Ȼһߣȳ֮ǰĲֱʱ޷ռơ
սȥӶ֪Ǻܲ¶ſ֣ǼӴ˻ǡ
սֱһʱܲ˹Ҳˡ
ȻԽսԽ£
Ϊֱ֪ԼֻҪֵףձضʤ
̹ܽپͿϹˣ
ӶŵĻתҲԼشۡ
ʮṩڻֱ˲ɱһƬӶ̶ʱҹӶ˾Ѿʧ
󳬹ǵԤƣ
ԭΪܱѪСʧСӡ
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֣£ȫװڽڱ顢¶澭ǿĹͭɫ⣡
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ձ֣һϺľȥ
һҹӶ˾죬ŵıͷ˾ǿƾôֱɱˣ
ĻֱΪʲôǻôǿҹӶ˾־ŭĺ
Ȼ֣һۣתǱߵ߹ȥ
£ӶŶ֪֣СǿֱмӶ˾죬ϳ֣ǰζӳ
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֣ɱȥ߶Ҫ
죡սǿҩǸͷС
ʵˣ
ԶԶɱȺֱ׹¿Ƽзսǿҩ
ѸٸɵЩֱ
ʣµһߣͷĻһԥ֮ɫ
Ϊսǿҩĸ÷ǳȻúʵڶʱڱһսṹƻʵԶ޷ͻƣҲΪߡ
׳գٲҩǶҪͷԥٴŭ
֣Ѿȥ϶һ˲ʮھҪ
߼֣׺̶ʮ͸ɵһߣָһֱ֣ȥһˣ
𣡡
߷ŭ˻һȫһ𣬽ֱĹƴˣȻȡһɫҩƿ򿪺Ѹﵹȥ
սǿҩ֮һ˫Ŀɺ죬һƤҲǷ췢ȣѣļȫƤ
̶һ֮ڣߵαһȦŰѾȫ࣬ĳЩ׹ƻôƬгֵĹˣ
֣ͿɫȻ֪ЩߵʵѾõǿ
Ȼǲ˺ֻҧս

߷·ʧȥһ㣬ֻʣԣֱɱ
֣ͿӳһȣԳȥ߶ײһ
֣ľҹľޱնʱһײȻûնƾޱۼ⣡
һ֣Գսҩǿߣǿǿһ
ߣڸܵ޴ѹ
֮ǰһս൱ȴǸһȭˡ
񻢿ȥһҲ˻յ֣ʹ




800¡
 

ʮֱٴǿһߣѾֵסˣ
̺ſֲľȭýڽڰˡ
岿λҲִССơ
һ߸ڻʮֱֳʮæ
ʹɨĹӶţѾɱýʣʮˡ
ֻҪֱͿԶԿԷĻ
ȻʮֱҲ޷߿⡣
սǿҩߣѾӵ;ֱĹǿгȫĴ򷨣
ֱǿȣ޷ȣıȻֱ
֮ڣѾкüֱߵľȭˡ
е岿λͷѡ
һĻ֣ߺʹѡ
ѵСҪٴθ
޷ܣ
ֵǣȳˣҵ󣡡
֣ܹסһߣԼ
֣֮嵽ǰ棬ӲĿסԷĹ
Աû뵽֣Ȼҵľٶ˿ǵֻиж
֣Ҫ㲢սһ񻢲𣬼ŭ
Ҫ㲢ս
ֱſһŭ
Ǿκһֵܣ
֣ø߰еߣȥҳ̹ܽ٣Ҫν
֣仰ÿ˲侲
ǰ֣һսպܿȫ
ڳ˵ֵܲ࣬Գ롣
Ϊǿֱʱʱ̶̿Ӧñ侲ç
˫Ŀͨ죬ݶҧѪˣеҺ֣Ǵ˵ֵܳ룡
ӳ
ֱǲᡣ
֪֣Ϳ񻢵󣬾׶༪١
ζӳʵǿһأߣôס
ߣһߵֿߵĹƣһߺе
ֱ˲ۿͨ죬˵ֵܣ롣

ʮ˸Աٶ񻢻㱨ķȥ
֪ܵҹӶ˾Χ˿ļǣǳǡ
ҪҹӶ˾ߣôǾͷǳΣˣ
ʵҲУҹӶ˾ӵһߡ
һսǿҩ
ʵȳһ߻Ҫǿһ
Ӵ׵ӶӪظսϹȥʱӰӶ˾Ķ飬Ҳպ׵ӶӪء
ֻǸպˡ
֮֡˹һصĹӶʬ壬ɫ֮
俴һȥߣĳֶжϲ˹иһĨɫ
ֱлĹ֣˹ܿжϡ
Ӱи˵³Ҳüͷ뵽ʲôѿڽеԷлѧǿĴڣʲôʦ
ʦʷӢķǳŤ˹Ϊ⡣
³æ͵ʦǿԽԼڵųջɱ˵ĻߣѧΪʦ
˹΢΢ͷɫһĮ
ʦǺǿνġ޷ֶˣ
һ£Էĸȥˣ˹
ǣ
³̵ͷµĹӶ顣
ʮһӶ˾ļӰйӶͻȻֵĽе³ˣʣµҹӶ˾Ѿֱܣ
ʲô³ɴ۾¶ŵɫ
ҹӶ˾ᣬİӶߣȻ·ֱˣ
õ³ȫ޷š
ȫǷǼӰоȻô޴ĹӶ֯һס³ôӵۡ
Ա³ҹ˾Ѿǵķӹ¼ߵֱֵ
ߣǼӰбӻ³һӻ
Ҳֱʵļɵ
һʱ䣬µֱôʵǿ
һ˻ѧʦ
ʮ߼ҹӶ˾ֻʣǼӰʵ̻ܴȥ
³֪ʵһߵսѾռơ
ֻҹ˾ԮֻԸ߾֣Լǰ룬Ӱлϡ
˹ˣΪ˴θСӵжѾʧܣǼӰûҪٶ׷Ա⹫˾ʧ³Сʾ
˹һɱͻȻԷ涼ûʧܣѵΪҲǶԷʦĶ֣
ǡ³ͷðæͷȥǿ޵еʵûһ֣Էʮֱǻǹ˾ĹӶв




801¡ȡ
 

³Ϊʦп˹ʵ
˹ǼӰй˾ƣӶɲǡ
ֱøǿ󣬼Ӱй˾ͨӶ϶Ƕ֡
˹ʰʦʱǹ˾ĹӶҲᱻֱɱ
˴񣬵³ϣκʧҲǹ˾ܲ´Ӳָꡣ
һӰйӶĻ³ˡ
³Ȼ㵣ǵĹӶҾһ˶ȫ˹Ȼ
³һӲˡ
Ȼ֪˹ʵǿĵزϻʦʮֱһ˾ƱԷˣʵĻôξ͸ˣ
˹ˣǹ˾սʿûҪڻðգЩһֱսǵʵԶԶȲϾۼ»һС鷳³ЦίȰ˵
ͬʱԸԱߵԱ˾ܲȥս
˹صһνʦ˿ɵʮֱ
ŭ³ʱԱŵͨѶʼǱʾ˾ܲĴһ档
ǰһɫͷ۾ˣڳһɫȻڷǳŭ״̬
ǼӰӶ˾BOSSѷ
ӰɳӶ뻪ġ븲Сж飬Ǿѷ׼ġ
ҵӶСͻϮʱԱһֱѷ㱨ս
ѷٿ飬ù˾߲ȫܲңԱ㱨жչ
ʮ߼ҹӶ˾СһѷŭҲ㡣
ֻʣǼӰʵѷ֪Ϣ֪СӶսˣ
ĵֱʵѾΣȻѷΪʲô֪Ӱ뽻սĻԻʧأ
ѷĻļӰBOSS˹֮ɫ
ڼӰӶ˾֮У˹˭Ҳں⼸սʿҲǺɫ
ֻѷһˡ
˹ɣ˴жȡˡѷ
ǽ˹ٷ񣬿ȡж𣿡˹Ȼǿߣǿҩ׹ٷṩģǸܲš
ѷ˵ٷǱߣ³Ȼܲ
ǣ˹ֻܲĵĴӦ
о֮֡ɱһԵĵ³һ
ʵҲΪ׹ܲŸǼӰߵı꣬ʮ
ֵͷ˵Ҳһڣܹһӵľ޿
ǱһڣҪ
˹ˣǻȥɣ³׵ӶӪصԽҰƻˣֻܷԼӪȡ
Ӱоʱ򣬳ʮֱڸϵս
Ŀսǳҡ
֣ͿӲߵĿ͹ƣ˿ѾûѪ죬·Ѫһ㡣
սԳ˵ֱǻһ
ʮֱˣ˷š
͸ͫһɨʮֱͷѡǳأ뼰ʱΡ
̹ܽ٣ˣ
һԱ·𿴵һ㡣
֣Ϳ񻢶ӳ춥סˣȥǣһԱǼĽе
ͷһսţ
ȻоһӰ룬֣Ϳһʱͬʱһ

̹ܽ٣
˾ϲĽг
֣Ϳ񻢽ߵĹƣͬʱڵ£Ըǣ
֣Ϳ񻢶һۣûԥȥ
ʵҲ֧Ųסˡ
ڳʱ֣һ
֣Ϳº󣬳һһߣ˲籩ȭӰȫ˹Ŀ·ѹһ㣬Ƶı죡
һ壬˫ȭգһ˲ϰȭ˸ӲӲ
ûת
ƾͿס߾սҩǿ
أ
һײںҹ
̶֮ڣѾ߶ȭ
ųǿ壬ԱǾ𺳲ѡ
ǵ̹ܽ٣ʵ̫ǿˣ
ԱǸ𺳵ǣ𽥵ֿסȭƣ˫ۼǽڽڴϣѪܶ򱬣Ѫ쭣ԲʮڶȾһƬɫ
߷ͳʹǵѾҩԣȻǸܵĵʹ
һ̣ӿֳһΪ־ĸоǺˣˣҪ룡
ǰƽƽĻСӣֱֲͬħ




802¡һ
 

˿̣·Ϊո񣬲ϵĻӻ˫ȭߵôⱬѣһƬֱ޳
˫̺һ˪죬ųɱԶԶսֱǣеһ֮Ϯ
һߵĲҽԽԽˣ֫ظȫһ̲࣬񵲵ı۰򱻳ͬδһժϣӳֱ̡
ЩԸӶ˾ߣױƵˣ
޾ľ־塢ս֮У֧߱飬һʬ
һйŭɱ֮ɱվѪʵĴ֮Уһɱ
ֱУٲȻΪĿ޵еս
һ̣ǶԳĳ羴Ĥ֮飬ﵽ˶㣡
̹ܽ١޵ս񣡡
̹ܽ١޵ս񣡡
ֱǾԻ˷ܵòѡ
תûгڻɱߵϲ֮С
ûʮ˵Ա
첽߻ۼмرصֱѾһϢ״̬
¡̹ܽ١лллΪǱ𣡡һֱЦǡΪ޺
ֱǳʶԱǡ
Сȥһ飬ܵ
סǵ֣˵ǣס
١ٺ٣ǡӲǴ˿̻ЦóֹۣҲη塣
ǶԼ״ǳ֪Լûмӿɻˡ
ɨӿ񻢡֣ĴҺԼֱһۣгŨŨĲ֮顣
ҺѾǣ㲻ģ˵ҪҴۣ
ҺԲҪʳˡǲȻһЦ漴ӵһˣʲôޣһ벻ᣬҵҲᳰЦ㣡
ǱӵĻҺȴһ㶼̲ˮֻĵĽʹȴζ޷ֹ
⼸˵ֱ׷
̹ܽ٣Ǹ޷սˣΪǱ׷ʣµĵˣ
ֱһƬж֣صĵ˵ͷ
ЩĵľˣǼǿĺж֮ǰûнԣҪ׷ˣùӶ
оǺͼֱϢѸʧ񻢡֣һֱǾ¶ʹ֮ɫ
ڲУս빲սѱֵܻס
ȴҪĿֵûһֱܹܵˣ
һƬ֮Уҧضһ
̹ܽ٣ǻܾȻ񻢷ŵʡ
Щ˵ֱ̫ˣе˵״̬
ֱҽƼȼƱҽԺʹȽҽ豸м͵ĸʾȻ
ԭʼɭ֮УȥҪСʱ˵ֵûмӿɻˣôܻоεϣ
һϲĴ𰸣˵ȵûһȵû
ʵסƵʱѾڶ
ֻأ룬ֻһº͵˺Ӧûзֳ
ǽоůʱ״̬־֮ɫôû
仰Щ˶Цˡ
ҺǿЦõ˵ûǸ𣿡
ҺҷǣҸƣ˵ţ̸ֱ
ܿ죬ֱӹŹˡ
ȻֻԼǵƣûȫκá
Ϊ˿ҲǵǵҪǽйӶ
ӰеĹӶͷβûг֣Ȼǳˡ
Ȼ׷żӰӳĹ
⼸˵ֱûص״̬ûиơ
ֱֻ򵥰
ʩֶΣѼֱȻһֱΪҽе˼飡
ǳ˴ǺܿҪʧܣ
ڣÿֱѳɾˣԳм
ԱǲΪ˵ֵģڵǣ۹ĹӶ̤ǵǵֵܣǾǰȻ뿪ЩӶͷѪһսֵܣ
ŹκһˣΪֵǱ𣡡
񻢡֣һֱ˻Ѫڣ־˲˶壡
Ķ־ûĥĵͷתҺҺ˻ʣµĹӶŶ򣡡




803¡һӲ
 

ǣ̹ܽ٣ҺӦ漴ȡ˻ٿϴϿա
˻װһС״⵽Բ׵
ܿ죬Һҵʣ¹Ӷķλ
ֻӶ˾졢һȺӶķϹȥ
һȺӶ붼֪ضʵļӰӶ˾
̹٣ҵˣӰƺҪӪؿ룡Һ̱
ͷǳʮˣ׷ӰУʣµչԱ
ȥ
Ҳȥ
ֱǷ׷Ը£аƲ֣Ϳ񻢡
ն˵˵ľͲҪȥˣսֵǣ
֮ǰڳߵʮֱûһˣٴֻ֣߳һ˵ֱ
ƶʮԱųӰӪضȥ
ҺƺᣬҲڶʮ棬˹ٿ˻ʱ㱨зķλ
߾ԼףŶʮֱܿ͸ϵӰӪ֮ǰ
³˹ǣպԽҰ׼뿪
˹ڸʻϣõ³ͬʱ󷽿һۣм˵һȺĵСϣ´λһֻһֻ
˹˵öԣЩֱҲͶԸЩӶ˾ãǼӰеԲ׷³ĴЦ
ȻȡˣԼܹĹǿıȥ֮Ҳһʱ
³ԽҰ׼뿪ʱͻȻ֮䣬һƿ֮紫
ӶҲ
˹³ͼӰйӶǣȫͷؿȥ
һ̸־֮ɫ
ֻһӰӼӰӪԱߵһþ£һԽҰԾ
ƿ֮Ӱٳģ
ûȹӶǿȵӰӰѾȵǰ·һԽҰ֮ϡ
صһ죬ײǿֳ˲䱻ȵϡã
ڳļӶŵûɢ
˵Ŀ⣬ȫԽҰĳȥ
ǿһ絶ӣһںǡ̺ɱ
һйӶĵ׶ֹһɺ⡣
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䡢ŭɱ쳹ҹգԭʼɭ֡
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ܹܵõ˷ǳ£
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ļӶ˲䱻ѹ
չ¶ǿֶΣش˹Ҳ֪˾νĻʦ
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˹һȤ򿪳ţݲȵ
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ѻǹˣ˹˲Ȥ˴롣
ƾǿ޾ѻǹǰĻʦӵס϶Ķ֡
˹ɵ³ԸӶǣǹԳ
ӰеļʮӶվǹһɱˣ
̶ڣӰеĹӶȫûŵõ³ϽҸ
ҹ˾һ⣬ȫɱ
ȻڴжʮֱĽ
ղŴйӶעûֳ󻹸˶ʮֱ
³־ŭƿڴƻĻֱ̫޳ˣ
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˹˿վԭأֱ
ӵ䵽ϣĦ
˹ˣֻӻӵ˻ȥ
ֱǱеǿ𾪵ˣһֱ˹ĻӵУˡ
ʱ˿̣˹ޱȵķŭЩɶСӣȻɱĹӶֱصƣ
˹ˣ֣ЩĻֱɱ³ߵĽе
˹ŭʢֱǵֱȥ




804¡˹
 

ֱǼǹ˹ЧΪ˱ӵ䵽ȫֹͣˡ
Գ̹ܽٵʵܶԸ˼ӰеƹӶ
ԽҰǵ˫˹ŭɱĿϡ
һǿߵĴսչ
ɱļӰԱıʼǱԣͷöų˹ˡ
ԻӰBOSSѷʮźװУмӰи߲㣬ȫɴ۾Զ֮ǿ߶š
ڿʱһ˾߲ͻȻеСӣɱ֮͡·޿˵֣
λ߲ѣҲˡ
֮ǰͿƬֻǳƽЩ߹п˶һ
ϳҹĴ֮УԱϣֱڲϳ
³˹ûпƬ
ʼǱﴫĸ߲˹ǹһϷʵĻȣԭɱ·޿˵ĻСӣ
·޿ˡʣһֱĬˡ
˹ɱǼӰͷŵˣʼǱѷŭ
·޿˵ǼӰʵ͡
û뵽Сӵ֮Уɱ·޿˵ֻٴγ֣һξ뿪ˣ
ѷͻȻԼ˹ȥľ̫ȷˣ
˹Ϊߣһ߰·޿ȣʵǼμĲ࣡
ѷ˹Ѿս״̬ɱ⡢ɷϱԲʮ֮˲һ󺮷硣
ĵ³ڴеֱԸеϮ壬·˹ɱʵˣ
վ˹ǰĳ治ɫ˿λǿߵɱӰ졣
Ⲣ˹Իĵʦ߿һۡ
ɱסôνʦ̫ˣ
˹ս״̬ӿŰţֻ֣ɫĽףɢİ׹⡣

׹֮Уһ绡̺ſֲ
״ͫײ΢΢һ
ǰߵ
Ȼûоʲô˹ĵ³ѾоƤһʹˡ
Ϊ˹ʩչ˶صĸӦ
³ûп־壬˷ܵĽе˹̫ǿˣǰֵܹ֮ٿصţ
ŵ³Ļ˹ΪģԲڵĴųѾ˱仯
ɸʺ˹սս
˹սĶ֣״̬սˮƽϳ»ӵʲô绪ߵҲᱻƵ÷ǳ
ص˹ս״̬ʱս˲ɣ½ɡ
Ļʦ㻹ܲó˹ǣ¶Ц
˹˲һĵսڸе΢΢ĲʸС
ƺֻҪԼһᱻεĴų֮ˡ
ǿ̶ȣҲԶˣɵһССĴų֮
ȭȭעȥҲ˹һɢһ׹⡣
ֻ˹ֵİ׹У绡
ֵİ׹⣬ȴһޱȵڲȼա
ųʦġ˹¶һ˿֮ɫ
ΪᱻĵսѹƵ޷š
λʦȻ˿Ӱ졣
˹ڶԳһ֮ġ
ֲСܹɱ֮·޿ˣȻм汾ģ
ҪǶ̫˹᲻κȤˡ
ڣ˹и˷ܡ̡ѪɫܸˣһĶ֣
СӣȻе㱾£Ǿһеиɣ˹˷ܵĴһ׵ֻΪֵѸȥ
ĵű죬ԽԽˣ
ôеֱһ𺧵ͬʱҲΪǵٰ̹ܽһѺ
ӰеƹӶѾͨ࣬Ǿ׹߿ƼǿĹ
ֱ֪Ļߣѭ浸صһͻƣﵽʦľ磬ҲѪ֮
ֿܵǿߵ
Աо˹ֻ֣ܹжκ
ĵ³ͨʼǱͷսļӰй˾߲㣬ȫֵЦݡ
ֻ֪Ҫһ˹ܹɱСӣ
ۼ˹ЮŰ绡ֵʯ֮䣬ȭֵķҳ
䣡
ȭ̺棬˹ﵽ߼һײ




805¡Ժ
 

һ˲䣬ҹɫеĴ֣ҫ۵İɫâҫޱȣ
ȭ̺ŵ棬һŰɫ𻨣˹ϵĵ绡һ¼ȥ
Щɫ𻨺͵绡ԽҰʱ˲һԽҰȼŲǿҵıը
󳬼ǿߵĵһν֣ôֻΪһƬ𺣣
ʵ̫ˣ
³ҪֱֹҪ㿪ϼıըŵҴܡ
ֱѾֱۣǰһУɵģ
ٴδȭ۳һ棬˵վԭء
һߣ˹¶˼ɫû뵽СӾȻܹһи
Լǿ˻ĵʦ˻ѧˮƽ
ʵҲΪ죬Ϊһȭܽ˹ֺϡ
˹ֻףƺĳָ߿ƼĺϽʣ˹ǿĶ˶ס˳Юһȭ
ʱҲ˺˹һ뷨Ķˡ
ӰеƹӶ׹ĶߣǿóȫѪҺ־ǣ
˹ӥϣ˵ٴɱȥ
˹ϸֲм֮ɫ
СӣΪֵסһܺƾ
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ղһ˹Ϊ÷ȫֻʩչһиѡ
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˹Цת˲ɢǿҵİ׹⣬׹֮еĵ绡ø˷ˣһ㣡
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Իѷһڸ߲Ҳһ֮ɫ
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ڸղŴսдľݴԣҲ
Զһߵĵ³ֱоȥĿȵģƤĴʹиˡ
˹ŭ֮󣬳׼Ϊߵĳ
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ѿ͸ͫҫ۰׹Ӱ죬һȭӭ˹
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ĶԺ쳹֡
ս˶˲䱬İȹâ̵۾
Ȱ׹ɢ˶ǰһĻˣ
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ȭʧˣָһεѪ䵽ϡ
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³һĿѸɨսڷ˹һԽҰк֮С
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ӰBOSSѷҲһڸ߲㣬ҲͷĻ澪ˣȫȻվŻĻ




806¡Ʒ籩
 

˹˹Ӱй˾ܲѷڻֵ˹ŭŵ˻
λӰеĴBOSS˿ͷͬһ㣬ߵû΢΢
·޿˵ѾǼӰеشʧ
ڣѷۿԼƹӶˣܲŭʹģ
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ԽҰк˹ѾһȭЩ־ˡ
ԼԼ֮У³ĺ
ʱһЪ˹ŭ𣬴˹ǻб
ҿǡҿǿĹҡȽĿƼĳսʿ
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ͬĹžްĿֲŭ𡢺⡢ɱƻһеͷ˹ȫˣ
ܰΪ۹ĳ裡
һ˹ѪͻȻ䱻ĵ绡ǣѪҺˣ˷·һ㣬Ѫ˫Ŀųǿҵĵ⣬ԽҰкվ
˹һȭ˺󣬾Ȼٴαǿ΢΢һ
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Ϊߵ˹һս֮
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Ӱܲѷһڸ߲㣬һĻҲǸ־ϲ֮ɫ
ЩǷ׷ǿ˹ǵĹңϵۣ
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ǰɣһߣôñ׹ƻôƬЩӢۻǹһƿɬĻȡ
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Ʒ籩ŰйͣЪ֮ս֮Уһжڣֻʣһð




807¡һɱһ
 

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˿ֲƷ籩֮£࣬Ҫʬ޴ˣ
һֱ̣û뵽̹ܽپˣ
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Һ֮͡·޿һڸĻУ磡
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üӰй˾ܲBOSSѷ͸߲־ŭ
ܣ㲻˹Աдѷţʧе
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ͷ֣漴Ц⣬˵ЩĹӶŴμ̤һĹɱһľˣҪ֪һģḶôصĴۣ
һӰи߲㽫Ļ֮ѷжˡ
ιӶŽ뻪ĹСӣȫûȷʵ˷ǳصĴۡ
Ϊ綥Ӷ֯ļӰй˾ʵҲٴʧȥһƹӶ
ҾݸղԱĲϻ㱨Ӷһֱûɱ
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ֻйŭȴòܳ衣
³ǹ˾Ҫ߲֮һҪ̣ѷȴֻܸɵۣ
Ҫǵ³̵Ƶ棬ʰȥӶ֯ɱ֯ôǼӰеһǧɣȫˣ
ǣ֣ȥսǱ𣡡
һ£ʮߵֱ׷ͳ³ϴ䣬ӰɹͷĿд̣




808¡Ӣۻع
 

ҽӸ߿ͳֱʧ³³Ѫ·һ̱ڵأ
ֱԾʮֽ
ҺƵ汣
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ҺȡһƵľỤӰй˾ıʼǱȫתƹ
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⻹һЩӰӶ˾ϣЩǷǳҪϢ
ֵǣһսڴӮˣŶʮֱ
ֱǳ׵ķÿ϶ʤϲ֮顣
̹ܽ٣ǵӢۣĵӢۣ
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΢΢һЦÿˣǹҵӢۣ
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̹ܽ٣װÿȥһݵĽҺֳûƨ
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809¡ϴսƵ
 

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ΥĻһ׻ȥղء
ֱľװͨʿľװҪÿöࡣ
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ãҾͲˡЦЦ漴־̹ܽ٣һ顣
ʲô˵־ǫĻӦ
ĻҺļ򣬵ҺͼӰƹӶ˹սԼֵǶԼӰͷĿ³̵Ļ棬ӰеıʼǱͷ¼ƵˣѾɻҺUֻ֪棬ɲԴȥ
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ʰкֲܶӿͷ̡ӶִŰɱĿꡢְҵɱøַɱֵѪȱƵ
󲿷ƵظȺܸߣˡ
SŮɱԵ㣬ҲۣڰɱĿʱ¶һ˫ۡһƳĵƵʷڶͬʻƵߵġ
ӶŵƵЩ֯ϴƵбϵĲͬ
ȣǻֱһϴƵʰùۼֱ֤ǿ




810¡Ƶ
 

ǰֱִչʵҲܶ࣬ǽֻŶѣ伸ͼƬ
ЩĹˣͺܶ࿴ĵˣΪЩٿģûֱô
ֱϴսƵ൱ںݺݵĴЩֱһơ
˼ҵսƵȻ١
֯һ¾ϳӰйӶı־Ӱսʿ˹ͼӰи߲³֯˵ϡ
ӰнսƵڶʰƵͬľǣһƵǲʲôӶɱֲ֡ӣ֣ڹʰǶһݣ
ƶһ޶
ϻҺƵ˾ı⣬˴˹ۿ
ǧһƵͿͷƬΣشеֱ˲ɱӰеļʮӶ
ۿ߾Ծ̾ǹտļӰӶ˾ֿ˼룬ͼȫû
лҹӶ˾죬Ҳֱɱ
ЩӶ˾죬ڹͷлڹʰϴƵ
Ƶȴ·߹ǰ㣬ֱ
ƵһʼĻͺܱըˣ
ءܹ¼ʰ񣬷׷ԼҵԴĻ
ֱħ𣿡ĵĻ
˹ԣ̫ǿˣ֪ǵܴܲùǶ񷢳ĵĻ
һģԶҵ̫ΰˣĻһ˷ġ
Щֱ̾ǿĵĻǹһЦ⡣
ԤõƵ˾̾뿴ǣЩӶֲֵ֯֯ı顣
ǿĻֱЩ֯ȫԼûв׹ܲŵļƻ뻪Ĺ룬³ͺʮ߼ҹӶ˾һˡ
ƵƬ澭ĻζȻתһǳԽҰϵĳ
൯Ļʣ
Ҳǻֱ𣿺ᣡ
Աûװ
С˭Ӻվһߵģôô󵨣һվӰеԽҰϣ
һʵĵĻƮͻȻ߳һ׳Ӱɫװ
˵ıӰõĻ˲
ǼӰеƹӶ֮֡˹
˹ȻҲ˸ļƻ
ҵ˹ˣװ̫˧ˣ
ȻЩĻв˹ķ˿
ϸЦ
֪սֱǣҲЦ
ЩĻ̫ˣƵƬξԻǸӷ
Ƶŵ˹ƬΣĻʱ
˹̫ǿˣܹƿصţ
ǸСôܣ˹𣿾Իᱻһ̲⣡
ƵУڴ˹ŰɱĻ档
ΪǶˣȻվ˹һߡ
Ȼǳ˹ĵһν֣ǿҵİ׹⽫ȾһƬɫ
Ȼ³ʱĻٴαըˣ
ΪƵǸСӣᱻ˹ϡãȴû뵽Ȼö˶˵վţ
СӺǿѵǴ˵еĻߣ
ֱţܷĻߣʲôʲô
ʦʦ
ĻҵսԱչֵʵ𺳵Ըӡ
รǻʦȥѧϰˣ
ĻƺһĹ˷ġ
ЩһɲСĹȣ󲿷ֹʦҡײƭļٸ֣ǰհʮʧ
ڼĻ񹦣๦򰮺߶ÿˣ
˵Ļ͵УЩбŭĻ
ó־½㻪Ƚ̹ٻֱǾݸ
һĵĻƵ˹սҲ˰Ȼزþ춯أֻΪһƬ𺣡
һƵֻʣ̾ĵĻ
ʦ׹ߵսõǰ˶Ŀɿڴš
˹ڹʰϷǳۿ߶ҪΪĵӰˡ
˹϶ȥĵӰǷǳ۵顣
֮ƵٴλζΪ³űʼǱӵµġ
ѷ³ͷתս˹ױһ̡
˹ĿȳߣһƵˢŵĻ
ޣ˹ˣΰĵ۹սʿӢ˾޵У
Ȼһ̣ЩĵĻȻֹΪ˹һȭԽҰк




811¡ЧӦ
 

˿ĿУ֮֡˹޵еġʧܵģȻڳȭͷ²һ
Щ˿˹Ŀȷۣǲ˹һȭɱ
ǽĵĻˢ˹ˣվͣ
мžֲ̾ʵĵĻǸ͵ľ޼ˡ
ܿ죬Ƶ˹վ֮øӿ񱩣۳һŨơ
ùۿΪ֮𺳡񡢲˼顣
Щȷ˿Ѿ˹ĤˣֱڵǰĿתĶƵ˹ȥ
һ̣йۿƵˣóض˹ռ֮£
Ƶ汻ףģ漫䲻ȶ
Ʒ籩ͣЪ֮ĻˢΪĻ𾪡
֮Уֻʣ˹һףȫڡ
ۿߵĵһͷ˹뻪ͬھˣ
̾еĻΪ˹áƵ˵ʲôһġԶĵǿ߶˹ɵˣ
ȻƵ濪ʼȶйս𾪡𺧵˼㣡
Ϊ浱Уһǳͷ
һ˲֮䣬ƵĻըˣ
СӣȻ˹ռͿֲƷ籩֮£Һ
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ս˹ʤһĻйۿߵԺԶӡţһӶսƵ
ЩۿߣкܶǸĸ֡ǿߣڼ֤Ŀֲʵ֮󣬷ĶԳʮ־ηĤݡ
˳ǿ򣬻˭ַ
˵һսѾ塢ȫ硣
ĻУˢţǿϰ
ν񣬾ȫĸа
ۿǷ׷ΪϰǰеʸŽǰ嶼ɡ
ĵĻҲǿߵķŭͲм
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Ƶ𺳣Ʒ籩ɵġ
ЩȫĶǿߣΪǿ
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ĹӶ֯Ӱй˾ȥĵ˶ȫ𣬹ۿƵĹӶ֯η֮£ȫΪԶ̤Ľء
ӰܲĴBOSSѷƵѾ̣һѽʼǱˤǽϡ
ӽǼӰнϹӶʷĳ
ϴսƵڹʰϱһ鲥ţΪʷһƵ
ѷ޷ƵΪʰӰй˾
ȻҲýƵȥֻڰۿض⵽֯׷ɱ
Ƶ󣬻ҺҳƵϰۡ
ǰţۣһɫǡһߣԶ
ý̹ٺֱѪڣͬʱһԺ
Ҳһ˿΢Ц
滹һЩáġۣ˲ȥ
ȻǴʵڰڼλۡ
Щսۣȥˡ
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ͷһڽ̹١ֱ߳칫¥ѵٳ
ʱ˵ֱѾָжҽšԼӻҽԺ߳ٳϡ
֣˵صģɫָ٣Կο
ʮֱֻ֮ش⻺ɫճ
ͣڲٳ֮ǰʮžװӵһλīɫƷ翸Ҷǡ´Żµˡ
˳࿴ͨĴ壬ƽ׽ˣǳ֪ݾԷǳߡ
˾־æӭȥ
̹ǽ
Ϊ˾ˣһЦ߹̹ܽ٣þòˡ
һӭ˾񣡡־һ£н̹ٺֱȫ˾˸׼ľ
ʵ֮ǰѾ˾棬ƶľ쵼š
ֱǷر˷ܡ
˾ûʲôӣЦŶԴҵͷȻص룬ģлǺΪ⣡֪ͨңѾµĹͣܿ½ļ
̫ˣֱǾԻȸԾ
־ѵȿȣ㡣
Ǻǣ̹ܽ٣ǿһ°ɣǰн˾ЦЦ漴Ŀ⣬ŵһΨһûϡ




812¡
 

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˾ûбֳһ˿ɫЦʵλҹӢ·սĳٰ̹ܽɣ
ûҡĻش
˾֪ʵǿּˣһ㶼ĸƽѾѵá
̹ܽ٣ٴյĻҾͲ˵ˣֻ˵һ䣬лΪ޴ף˾˵ţ߹֡
ӦһЦλ쵼֡
̹ܽ٣Ѿˣ˴µĹͣ㱻轫Σ˾ЦݣƼ˵
һ¶˼ɫ漴ȫʮ˷ܼ
̹ܽ٣轫Σ
ֱλðϢ
ʵ̫ˣҲʮ꣬ĳΪĻȫһ죡
ҶóӦû٣Ͼ븲ʮ߼Ӷ˾ɵĹӶţ
ûĳΪӶĽأ
˹ͣ԰ݽ
˼˾־Ҳˡ
ΣܼסľУֱӵֱøǿ
ȫֵõģ
˵Ŀ⣬۶ڴչֳϲ֮ɫ
ȻǱһƵ֮ɫ
˾ԳٴιĿ࿴
ôᣬȻܹ費
轫ҫ治ɫ
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˾ĻԤϣ˲ȡ
ȻΪһˣҲ뱻˳ߵơ
˳ԥľܾ˾˼Ҳ뱻轫ΣҲھӵκξΡ
仰Ŀɿڴ
ǧľ͵λȻƮƮһ仰;ܾˣ
˶ԳܾأԻΪӲá
ûܹܾ轫
˾֮󣬿ʵ̹ܽ٣´󹦣ʸ轫Σѵ㲻ΪһΪĶ𣿡
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뷨ң޾
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֪Һƽʢѵİȫܹõϡ
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ֻǴ󲿷ʱϲңڣκ˹
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⼸ÿս˵ֱˡ顣
ڳҽ£֣񻢵˵ƻָúܿ졣
ʱһ죬Ҷ֪뿪أȫǳᡣ
ڲٳϣɨʮֱһۣЦ˵úѵԺпվͻǡ
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̹ܽ٣
̹ܽ٣
һֱ
һԵŮ̹½㻪⡣
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ôֱĸжǱ΢Цˣ˵ˣҴӽ쿪ʼж̹ܽ٣Ȱ
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ЦſһۣҺ˵̹ܽ٣һҪǵþ
£ҪȥǲμӾд䣬ʱǾͿټˡû顣
ֱ仰ԿϲҲܿˣΪھǹһУũ͵·ݡ
֣λеĺֵܣ˵֣ѾӽԺʹúøɰɣ
˾죬׿ȥ֣֣ѾǴ֮
лл㣡֣ǧֻһмĻ
׼ȥʱ־ڵ̹ܽ٣֣ǰż٣һȥ




813¡ټû
 

̹ܽ٣𣿡֣е㲻š
־ЦСӣҵȨ𣿡
ң֣æ
ʵڹԼǰż٣ֱ᲻ﲻƽ⡣
֣һǳֵܣڽӶһսвηӢµѾӮֱء
֣ǰż٣ԱҲﲻ
ã֣͸һȥɣֵǣټһֱָ
½㻪һ׵װ˫ֳʵǰ̹ܽ٣ǻ͸ļ
лл֮ǰϵ׾װһױ
װ֮󣬳֣̤װֱ־ǡҺ˿͡
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װֱɣٳϵֱ̧ͷ϶Գ֡
ټڻ¿ȥҲֱǻ
ʱ񻢴ͷһС塷Ĳ
սѣ̡̤ĬĬᣬ·ããĳ֣һֱ顣սѰսѣװĵ֣ҹ뱱纮һ·ౣء
սѣ̡̤صԶһ·ɽ֣ˮݺᣬˮڣ顣սѰսѣװĵ֣紫Ѷꡣ꣬꣮
ֱǳųţ۽֣ŨŨ֮顣
޾ĸжؽһС㡣
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˵ͷá
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ͻȻ֣֮ǰǸŮл̸ء
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ˣ˵ػأлʲô뷨ɫʵ
֣ףе㲻˼˵˵һ
ǿ԰꣬ܿԺϲˡЦе˵
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³󣬳֣߽ϼʡֹ˾ãֱܲð칫ҡ
ڰ칫ᰣ־ϲ֮ɫ
ˣᰴӰ칫վ˹
ɳϵЦһܵܣҲǰ绰
ʵǶ֪ǳӣֻû뵽ֱ˾ˡ
΢΢һЦһκ֢Ȼ֣캣С
ҪȥЩ۰ɣҪҪʡһ᰹еʵ
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ܵܣѾͼӰսǸƵˣ̫ΣˣΪ㱻˵һ˿µһս֮Ӧĺܴɣ
ΪSŮɱ֣¼ʰɵ顣
ͬʱҲ¸᰺ƳΡ
ᰲŻʳ۲ۡ
ЦЦѾָˣǲõġ
˵ţۺ֣رһ£Ȼֱڰ칫ƺ֢
֮ᰡ۸ȥһ԰СƳμ棬˵һҪ캣УȻ֣˺࣬صϤĳС
˷ɻ֮󣬳֣·
֣Ȼлȥˡ
صΥ庣һű
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ټÿˣСŷ˹
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룬ǳ룡һµ𣬽ûε˵Գ˼
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ֻƾУжϳַˣ֮ǰѾģøӳ𱬡
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ϾŮʮ˱䡣
ζĻ糺죬Ҳǵ׳յĳ̶ȣó˵ġʲô˼




814¡Ħ
 

߽ٱ̳Ь¡
ȳɳϺ󣬽ٸĦַƺǰҪ켸֡
ǵİĦôˣȻ
ɫ΢ĻشҺƽʱụఴĦϰɣ֪˰Ħô
ˡһ䣬漴һЦ⣬ʵϰĦɵĻҡ
ᰴĦ峺Ĵ۾ŵʵ
˫̥ûУǷ̵ģĦǷ˵ļɣôҲأ
Цż˵ҲᰴĦһΪҿһҽ
Ħҽѧʲôϵ
ǵİĦַѾúܺãкôİĦϵ408Ѩλȫ˽⾫ַͨزͬѨλаĦ˸һͨĦͬѨλƺͷֹ弲ҽϱΪáǳ˵
ٶǴŮһ¾׳ĺ塣
ʵ֮ǰϰĦɣҲвοѨλĦϡ
ֻЩдѨλԶԶûг˵ģ408ôֻ࣬дһЩҪĴѨ
Ҫס408ѨλԼĦЩѨλЧǾҪһЩʱˡ
ˣпյĻ̽ѨλĦɣգŴ
΢΢һЦھͿԽ̸ǡ
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˸֮ԷһЩ㿪ʼĦͷڰĦѨλּɡ
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ֻһ飬ѵûܹ
ˣھͿ԰ķĦ408ѨλŶĿڵ




815¡õϢ
 

ãҰ棬ٸҰڴû̶ʱڣѧ˶ٳɡ
ȳɳϺٱһǰһ󣬸Ħ
ܿ죬ϱ㸡־ϲ֮ɫ˫̥ûȻȻѧô죡
۰ĦѨλľ׼Ȼǡô
³оûİĦ֮ǰˡ
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ˣǰôųı飬̲סڴʵ
Ц÷ǳãѧ÷ǳ죡
лл˿佱˫ӣԷϲ֮顣
ˣĩ𣿡һܽûİĦһ߹ĵʵ
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΢΢μҷãǸʲôʲôʦ𣿡
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Ŷһôڼ
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绰ͷһϲŮ
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طѩһĵЩˣҡҾڼҪ𣿡
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ˣԷ𣿡ƺԼᣬеʧ䡣
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ŮȻˣҪŶ
ͷɫܡڰʿץỵ̂Υָóһ쭳ĳ嶯
ܿ죬ɽ£ؼұׯ԰
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ΪһγؼңذͰʾһΣϲŮĻҪΰջᡣ
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طѩ·û׵һǺͳúܽǰȸһ裬Ȼθͬѧ衣
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ذüͷ΢΢һ壬ѩؼҵŮĸ׷㣬ȽŵԣŰݷãҪڣҾֱ˵˰ɣ̫ûгˡ




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仰طѩ˫糺죬ĸһƬж
ҽѧţĸڻģ̸ۼʱҪŵǧ겻ĵЩ׹ôؼҵŮذѾһѵĿǡ
ȴǹϷʵЦ⣺壬ͬŵԲܽĹҾͲȢѩΪˣ
ذ˵ɫһϣŻ̫Լսȥˣ
ʼգذǾóĸĸƶũ¼ҽΪ׼ңʧؼҵ档
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طѩļͬѧ˶Գ𾴣ɵÿˡ
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֣ллطѩĵ߹˱ذĸ첲
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ʵϸ룬ذóȷʵȸղŵļ㡣
˵ϼʡᣬΪʡһָҵͷ
ϼŵϯҽʦλˮǴߣԺǰ;Ů޸¼ޡ
֪ͺãҾͲѵˣգȥ˯ɣĽʯȻЦ˵űҪȥŵ֡
ĽʯһѣԹԵ¥ȥˡ
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캣һֳطѩѸʩ˸顣
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ǵãҵȻǵá΢ЦһĻĻԺи֡
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ٳˡطѩĴ˳ĸ첲һ£ȴӿ޾⡣
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㣬ɨЪһᣡ
طѩ뿴ȥֶ漸ŻɫƷӣڰһλɨֵ
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мˣڶﻹţȻҪԼ˶ļ⡣
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ŶԭҰ¶һȻɫ֮ʧҡҡͷ̣һΪ캣еУȻ˷ɨ֣̫ǵֵܰˣ
ҰĻʮģ꣬Ҳ̸ͶȥĺͲм֮ɫ
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뵱ҰҲһʮСƨھȻҲϴ
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ҰѾаˣȰҲʱְɣǷᣬ𵱻ˡ̸һϴĿȰ
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Ȱòõϴ󣬷ɲͨ챻ץܼô򵥣̸
ҰΪȻЦһϻӻʲôµģǰɰ⸽ĵ̽ǰɣӾΪ㣬캣е磡
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Ұ˵ͷû֪һ̵ϴˣӽ쿪ʼҰ£
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Ұʮ˷ܣĿ׺漴̸ʵ̣ôã֪֪캣ѧܴѧ˭
⡭̸ֹ͵͵˳һۡ
֪캣ѧѧҸ캣Ĵ
ôҰѳֱ
үɲС˷ʱ䡣
̣Ǹ׻ˣҰʧҡͷ漴ĿɨӽֵƺһЩѧʡ
ܿע⵽һԵĳطѩ
ȥһ·ˣҰֱӺԡ
طѩһ̣Ұ˫ĿŹ⣬ʮˮˡ
ʵҰע⵽ŮĴڣֻҰһ̸ֱԻǲûбϴ
Ů캣ѧѧ԰ɣҰЦеʵ
طѩ䵭ĻӦûôˣ
㳤ôƯ϶캣ѧУܸܲʲô֣Ϊ˱طѩУҰԼԡ
طѩ޿ɷ档
ŮͻҡҰһ㶼ŵ˵
ΪϴҰǺעģͻˣԼչ¶֣ضܻУ




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Ұȷųû˵ѡ
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طѩȴðԺЦû뵽Ĳ
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үǵ͵
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װһ£ŻشǡǺڴĶΰɣ
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ǣϴ󣡡ӦҪѧУȥ
ŮҲһҰҵĹǺŶҰͻȻУתͷ¶Цݡ
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ǹ𻡶ȵ˵ҳ֣γͿֵЭѧͰǽѵˡ
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ֵЭẮڼ䣬п躮ٰ࣬Ҳ




821¡ǿѧ
 

ҰʮСܣֵ߽ݡ
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ȳطѩֵݺЩѧһӵ롣
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ΪҰһȺΧ۵ѧһĵ׾ηļһ
طѩҲͳվһ
ˣγǾ壬߳ܣ𵱳ܵ顣
ڣͲɫվҰĺ棬ϹЦЦı顣
γڳǰϣԼ캣ѧǿѧ
ι㻰أǲܴģҰһ˿
ܺγöӣҲֻܲԸĻشҲǡ
ʲô˵ǿֵЭ᳤ڴĶ㲻ǿģѵбģҰʵ
γ˵ͷбҸģұöࡣ
ֱ˵ֻ֣ܹ䴵һ
ҿСӲҺҴ򣬲˵İɣҰмļ
ȻֵڴĶﲻʲôһͨѧ϶ǶĴڡ
ҰͲ캣ѧбγǿѧ
Ҫôļһ֮ǰ̸ҲûǸ¹ˣ
ٲ򣬿߰ɣҽбˣֵʦҰͱˣٲЩ죬Ҫ¡
˵ţվγߣԷһЩ춯֡
ҰҡҡͷͻȻ˿ֵʦһѣ
һƣȻΪֵֵʦֱƳףȻˤڵϡ
ȻûʲôˣֵʦǾ
û뵽һС죬Ȼô
ƾγϴһء
ҴһҾԲ˶٣Ұźγ֣һƵģ
Ǹǹ˷ܵĻȡ
캣ѧĿֵݣʵǸչʵ̨
ֻҪôѧ棬ǰֵЭ᳤˲䱩ǣһ˲֪˲
ԺѧܱѣҲɶˡ
뵽ҰѾȲ뽫γһȭ̵
ֻΪ˱󣬲֡
γôѧлЭʦʦõ棬һƣӦսĻԺѧУҪͷ·ˣ
ߣȻҽսγɶһ½ǣܿ״̬
᳤ͣĿֵѧ׷׸γź
ȻϴκγܣӰ˺γ
κγ¸ҽܻƣֵѧĸ͡
ۼγҰطѩ΢Цı߻Ӯ
ĿóأطѩһЦ
ǹ𣬵һģѡǸȡʤѡγҪܳͷ
ô϶óǸϴӮˣҲŲءطѩ
¶εı飺Ǿѡϴѡγô
ԭǹѡϴʵѡǺγطѩΪ˼ӦҾѡγӮˣ
һأطѩԼȲʤȯѾΡͷ
İЦȴǲɫĿС
ֻγҰѾվУʼ
γΪڴĶεĿֵ֣һһʽʮʵ
֮󣬸һֱ̿ϰڱñȼǰˣ
ʮʱ䣬ҰͱγƵˡ




822¡γְ
 

۲Ұ֣Ƚϴ֮⣬ͺͨСûʲô
ѵԼˣ
ۼγȡüƣֵʦѧȥ֮ɫתһϲ
λ᳤ϾǺλ᳤
Ȼ򲻹ظ֣ԸһͷĿûġ
ѡ˿Ŷطѩġѵ
ЦЦ˲䣬ٿ
սȺУʮС첻Լϴ䣬ÿ˵ɫܵЦ
Ұγƣ˵
ָ񵲺γһǱ֮ĺ⣺СӣĿֵˮƽȷʵܲڴĶιȻǴġ
¸¿ʼҾˣγͺһϳȣҪһٽҰ
ΧĻγԻ⡣
ͬʱ˵㿴ҵĽǳ죬ɫȴڷʱҾܹ㣡
Ȼγ֪ɵı뷽涼ȥ
ϣٴγԽ
γһͷͻȻԼȣûжҰʵԵĹЧ
ͷӣȻͷβй
ʱγԼҪһ¹ˣ˼ȥ
ҰûзɨΧһۣ캣ѧܴѧҲˣ
ҰˣѧǶ¶֮ɫ
ղźλ᳤ѾȡʤΪʲôͷӰһٱȣȴʮɣ
ٺ٣Щѧ֪ϴСͺܿᣬײ˶û£
ǸγΪԼܴʵûʲôĸ֣žԼ
ǰϴСӵĻȭȣһöûУһ
ʮ죬޼ɵĳЦ
ѧ÷ǳֲҳǡ
γðŭ𣬶ȻһһֱҰ˹ȥʮѸ͡
ĳ˴󿪴ϡֱֱĴ򷨣ʱڣϴ
ҰγͷĲЦһһֱȭֱӺϺγֱߣ
صһ죬γŵ״ĵĴʹ˲ҧгݡ
ȻúγԾǣȾȻ̧ˣ
ֱӱҰһȭʧȥ֪
ȻڷϵҲҪµˡ
һȲܶĺγսȻ½
һĻѧĿɿڴû뵽Ұһȭô
ǵĻ᳤군ˣ
ɵȰȻҺӲӲҰļЦСûһܱȵùӣ
Ұһ䣬źγͳȥ뽫γ״򵹣
ֵʦѧѾγǰʦŭ㲻˵д𣿺γѾˣʿɶֹ
ҰôΧźγʱʧȥ¡
ѧУĵһ֣ҿһ
ҰҡͷЦڳѧһͷȥ±ս
γһ߷ߣҧø֨졣
ʱҰֱĿɨѧУûеͷ
֮ǰŮһλǳŮ
ѧУôƯУϣҾͲЩѧжƽˣҰطѩ۵ӹһ˿̰֮ɫŮӽԺҾһƬϴԺ˭۸㣬ֱӱҴҰ㣡
Ұһ˵꣬ѧǶúܹŹֵĿ⿴
ôǲҰݺݵĵ˻ȥ
ѧæҡͷ
Ұƺʲô
ԼһҪ
ǾվУߣǸ۵Сӡ
ιСӣһֻ󡻹⣿ϽλŮ߹Ұĳųȵ
΢΢һЦղҿǶӮγھôң
ʲôӱǱʤģõ㿴ãҰʮСܣ
ȴȺ쵱ƵģתطѩааЦѩˣҪҵĳͷŶ
ʲôͷطѩͻȻеš
ô˵棬һЩ߳ܵɣ
ι㵱ӲǲǣҵҵϷУҰʱһ
ոջ캣ѧһ֣ơ㣬Ȼֱӡ
ҳطѩܣҰԽԽ˳ۡ
ʱͻȻһѧ֪Ǳ̫ţѧУĵһ֣УŮѣ
ʲôҰعͷѧɵӡ
ҰʮС죬·һʮֺЦЦƵģͻȻ֮䣬ЦᶼЦˡ

СӣѧУһ֣
Уѣ
ЦˣҰȻЦݣɫ˲ú




823¡ĳͷ
 

һʼҰͰѳ͸ˣȫһѧ
ͺֵѧһ
ֻóУѣԶԱȽϴۡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ƽƽСҡһ䣬Ϊ캣ѧһ֣ݵУ
ݱ仯Ұλţ
ҰһɫƵʱ򣬳һ仰ɫøѿ
㡣
ûҺͷѩ˵𣿡
е㲻ͷˡ
ȥĻ졣
Ҳˡ
ҪǺطѩĶԼ
ѩҵĳͷܼ򵥣һھˡȫˣЦĿУľ
طѩԣʱϼ˫գû뵽Ҫ
ô˵棬ʵе
طѩ뵽׳еʱźܶ˵棬˳һڡ
ڳССͷҲʲô
ŮС̫ˣֻҪһ仰ѵҰطѩǲԸӣоԼӢ۾Ļˡ
ֻûע⵽ΧѧĿøӹŹ֡
Ұ׼ٴδչ֣ݺݽѵʱ
ĿŵһĻ
ֻǰľɫУȻż⣬İԼķӣǸСӵ˫
棬ҰоԼ۾Ϲˣ
ҲǷ׷׵ɴ۾
ǸоԼģܵ˼˺صĴ
ΪʲôСǻ˿ȻУǣ
ѵϱ˵
γطѩǳһĻʹı۾
ѧͬһ죬һׯֵУȻ
ô
֮طѩŷ½Ÿ΢΢ͷߺýΣ޶ˡ
¸ҵһǣڳˣԼǳŮѣ
ζһطѩӣζ¶ʮܵı顣
⸱ģҰ
ԭСӣУѣ
εºܣУ
ҰоԼطοըˣȵСӣҪ㵥
ȷǹϷʵЦ⡣
ҰоԼСȫˣŭĽеС壬ܵģһȭԼһֻ󡣡
͡ûȳӦҰطѩѾȭ
ֻܿͷӣںͳ֣Ǹó֣ά캣ѧˡ
һЦҲò˰
ϴ㵥ǸӣСװʮ׷׽
ҰվسУߣӣ¶ĸ첲СӣϽģһ䣬ȥٴУߣ
ߵҰ棬Ļ߷硣
Χͬѧϳи־ηڴ֮ɫ
֪أֱʮֲֿһСɱȣ
˺ܶ˶Ŀ⣬ͶҰ
˭ãƫƫҪѧУĳ
ҰЩĿ⿴ûðɣôѵһСӣЩѧһ
ŭĴһҰɰȭͷСݺݵҹȥ
ž
һĶȻ
Ұ˲䵹ɳȥڿֵݵǽڣȻ󻬵ϣ鴤˼£ȥˡ
ϴ󣡡ʮ춼û뵽ǵϴᱻһɱ
ܵҰǰһֻҰ׳ͷݶ֪ٿš
Ļϡӱ𣿡ҰŭĽкһг塣
̫ǿˣ
ǾͲҪԶ٣
ʮ¶ͳСָͳֻεҡҡͷ
ţɨһȣ
һȣͽʮ߷ɳȥˤڵذϣʹòϰ
˲ɱʮ죬Χ۵ͬѧ¶𾪡֮ɫ
֪ܹγû뵽ֵز
γǾ
֪Լʮ꣬Ҳ˲ɱʮ졣
ԼͳĲ࣬ʵ̫ˣ
ѩ߰ɡطѩҪȥ
طѩŵϵʮ죬ڵñ𣿡
ȻѵЩ죬Ұǹȥѧ鷳
Ŷ㵹ҡֻ򱨾绰
ӵı󣬲ӣֵ߽һӾ졣
һӵľȻǸԵľͮ
λٶܺÿǼϻױʹ磬ͱˡ
֪ͮǳľصظϹġ
þòͮǰ˸к
طѩ΢΢ɻ
ôλŮʶ
ЩѧУ£ǰץ߰ɣ򵥵˵
ͮ۳ԱߵľɫŮҲ֪Ů϶ǳŮѡ
û˵ʲô¹죬Ұ˴ؾ
ʮ׼캣дһƬصĻ죬ֻΪֻھꡣ




824¡һҹ
 

ˣѩ߰ɡҰʮ챻ѹϾطѩֵȥ
طѩųϢ£۵Ŀ⣬ϲ
ҸطԷɣ߳طѩѯʡ
Ӧ˸ط֮ͣ㿪صɽ¡
ۼԼұǰ棬طѩʵǰ캣𣿡
Ӧû༸죬Ȼϼ㸸ĸ΢һ룬ش
Ŷ
طѩˣЩʧ䡣
һ㣬ദʱ䲻ˡ
ѩȥѧҲԾɻɣ֪طѩ˼һ䡣
طѩĻشȥ˸϶Ҫרѧϰ滭ֻÿ»һΡ
ҲʱĻԸҴ绰캣У͹㡣΢΢Ц
һģطѩ˵СԴ漴һĨΣȻֶϰϣ˵ܾã黹Ŷ
еŮӣעصľкʽС
طѩýͳȥֳ棬ԼУ԰е̫Ѱˡ
ھҪؼңζŽ켴
طѩصͳֱ
ʲôأ§סУ磬ʵ
طѩգգ롭ҪȥɽϿǰɣ
ԡӦǱɽϿȥ
ɽ·ĹԱ֮ǰѾĺڰʿܣ֪ǺɹϵǳĴûֱӷС
ڳϡٵɽ·ϣһ쭳ĿУٶȼɽȥ
ɽߵĵ㲢ǰɽİ¥ɽĵ
ɽһƽ̨󣬳طѩ³ɽķЩ󣬺Х±ɽŵ˽ʮ϶ȡ
طѩܵǺ⣬ɵðѽУ˲оů紺
ӣҸЦݣ̧ͷȥֻ췱ǣ⣬ɷǺÿ
ɽܳ޺ƵӰ죬ƣǿɼ̾
ǿĺطѩһ˫·ҲСһ㿴ǣϿԸŶ
˵æ۾˫ǰһԸ
΢΢һЦûѧطѩԸ
ԶóֻѸٸɴ˸绰
绰ͷɣҪһ㶣漴ʲôȥˡ
طѩ۾֮󣬳ʵѩʲôԸ
ҡ㣡طѩ˵
ЦЦ㲻˵ҲܲµóžϣԶһ֮İɣ
Ҫ˵طѩס촽Ը˵ĻͲˡ
ֻһЦӺƳǴСһԸǩ֮ġ
ҲƻգųܣŻطѩ̧ͷǿա
ˣղԸʱڴ绰𣿡طѩͻȻ飬תͷųʵ
ղų߿绰ɽ̫طѩû绰˵ʲô
صĿ˵Ҳܸ㣬˵ûϲˡ
ʲôϲطѩС˵ģЩ˷ܣбڴ֮顣
ӵȻ֪ˡ
طѩһĸӺˣɽϣʲôϲ
ǿմԼʮ֮󣬳Ŀŵɽ²ԶĳнȺС
ЩнȺ޺Ƶҫ£ƻԻͣǳ
Ĳǳҹ
Լ֮캣ͻȻءһ졣
ţſһ̻
⻹û꣬ŵһ죬ϵӳеĸط
һ̻ڳϿų߲ʵҹգѤޱȡ
ۣطѩзųʡ
ԭ˵ľϲ
ôϲ𣿡΢Цʵ
ϲǳϲطѩжۿˮ
ǰĳʵ̫ˣ
ǿ֮£ͳһһӣꡣ
ΪԵŮӣ˿̵طѩı޾ĸжҸ
̻¶ɫ
ɽԸ飬úܺá
صҪɲڽţЩ̻Ǵӳ޷ͽġ
캣еǣ׷״Ӵֵգͻ̻ʢᡣ
ô̻Уһ˳־õţһξҪķѼԪ
Ƿ׷ײ²⣬λиôǰͷô̻
֪̻ǳΪ˸طѩţ϶ʮ־档
ֱ椣캣еĶ¶ѧ




825¡ҷ
 

ʮӻδͣЪ̻꣬طѩתӣӵȻż⣬һǣ
طѩǹüΣһθܵطѩң
طѩһǣ·ҪһŷĶӡУ
һӺطѩӣ뿪˫˵лл㡣
ֻҪ㿪ľͺáЦ⡣
ڹɽǿպ̻˵黰ҹſطѩͻؼҡ
ڶ죬庣һűʱѾϾŵ㡣
ΪƷԽûͣѸϴȻûѾ׼˷ʢ͡
ˣòͣٻһѧװ崿ɰ
ΪҪҷãǲѧ硣
֮ǰгֵʱԼٵĸɸ磬˽ûڰǰŮװ
ǰμҷã߳ͱʵ
شʦ˵ʮӹ
ŶǺܿˡͣ˫̥ûһ
ûһͬ߹ȥţֻſվһнʦƷŮ
ŮһźÿĹüԶ죬ˮƤˮۣ£ζʮ㡣
һ޿۾üۼЦ⣬ȥľȫһˮī߳ĹŵŮ
٣ǺãŮһţ΢Ц˫̥ûк
ʦãٰλʦ
Ĺᣬ˫΢΢һ
Ĳ̾λŮʦ̫ˣ
ʦáվк
Ҳ΢΢档
Ϊٵĸĸ˵еɽӴû뵽ȴ˫̥ûĸɸ
áʧ󣬹æ΢ЦӦ
Ůʦº󣬳˱裬ϹòԵЦʦлôҵãٻصҷá
ѧʦӦ飬øлҡƺе㲻˼ŬȻ΢Ц
ܸоԼԳĵеš
Ϊı캣ейء
Ҳһűĺǳ𺳣ԼһʱеӦˡ
ţ̶˵ҷãҲǸٴɼ
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лл佱·Ƶģ⡣
ĩȫͳһԾεĳɼȫУĵһڶȫеĵһڶУΪѧԺ٣ŬҪŶ
ллʦǻġȻһЦ
ᷢԽûƽʱѧУͦ䣬ڼﵹǾ¶Цݣ˵Ӱܴ
ʦĳɼϻ塢Ӧûɣ⡣
ʮֿ϶ĻشȻû⣬ֻҪһѧڼŬø߿Ϳֱӱ山߱͹ⶥѧԺ
ޣǾͺá͵Ŀ⿴˽ûһۡ
山Ƕٻѧѧ
ãСŮͣȴɵɳβŸ顣
ѧԾѧԣͨѧһԪĴڡ
ƽʱڼѧϰôʳӶչ𣿡ûԼļҷʳܹĵ⡣
⣬ȴеΣǱչ˵Ǹˡ
ڼѧϰܿ̿࣬ѧϰҹɫȻĻشƽʱٶԼչԼ
ٵĸĸҲǹæµ޷չ˺𣿡ù
ôɰŮڼģҳĿɾЩˡ
룬ǾٵĹ¶˵λʦ
ǵĸĸȷʵæ⡣
ðҡͷ
ѧУдţ캣жɵ˽Ů
ڹУﲻʲôˣٵĸףĸҲһֱ
ȻٸĸæƽʱҪ鷳չǵѧϰҪʱ򣬲κβء˵
ͣ˵ĻҲϸģҪҲ಻




826¡ͱ
 

õģ֪ˡ˵ͷ
ʵӳţ˫̥û÷ͿԿճʱѧϰˡ
ȻѡǶʱԸѧҵȫķ̳
оƺеܵӣѼ䡣
ʦǺܺŶڵһ͸ҺȫĦء
ȫȫĦɫ΢΢һ졣
ǴﶼֱصŮӣ뵽ʮ˷䣬Ѿ壬ȻóȫĦô붼е㲻Ծ
绹ôְĦĺʦҪҪһԣٿһ䡣
æֵˣôѧҰĦ
һ˼ӣĸ붼ˡ
Σ˫ȽӣЦЦʦƺѹС״̬ȽϽӲĻٸ㰴Ħһ¡
Ĳˣллĺ⡣оĿɨ岻ɵñøˡ
ݸŮʦ̫ˣֲóôƯʮ껹û̸
ˣ٣ͱᣬǼǵҪȥŶͻȻһ£ѵ
ٵͷʦģһȥġ
᱾ΪѧУܸ˫̥ûܾȥͱᣬû뵽ôɴĴӦˣ־ϲ͸ж֮ɫ
ԼΣûа׵
ʲôͱ᣿΢΢ʵ
΢Ц͵ģ¸ѧھͲнˣԽѧУʦѧҾٰһͱᣬ벻ô鷳ģǼҪ졭
ԭˡȻĵͷʦѵԺ󲻽𣿡
оŮӣǵʦϣô캣õĸְ
ǵģֻתѧУȥ顣Ľ͵
Ŷһһ䣺֪ʦתĸѧУ飿
ѾǶѧУʦʷŵƶʡߵһ
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磬ǵǰɡǰԼǣųǰȥ
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һĻѧУ쵼׷¶֮ɫ
Ȼݲ򵥣Щ߹ٵŮҲöô𾴰ɣ
ֻ΢΢ͷǻعԭλ
׿ʱȴüͷ΢΢һ壬̰׿ס




827¡׿쳣
 

кηԸ׿ܳĵͷʵ
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ң޿ֻн׿ǫ飬ȴϲ
ʦڿĽˣ
һ䣺ᣬʮ꣬Ѿͻƻɲн
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׿еˡ
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ܾ΢ת˵˵˵ˮƽôͻͽġ
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þԼָ׿磬׿ôͻƻǷƵҩ
ȤĻҿԸһλʦ׿繧ʾ
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ֻ׿Ѫʢ쳣ţƺǿϰĳѧɵġ
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Σ˼ôҪؼȥˣȻĸᵣġܵ
ļϷЦʦ֮ͲˣͬһǶ᲻뿪ԴһȥԷѵӶ𣿡
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ʵһʼԷǱĵ飬ǴҶû
ʮʦô飬Ҳþܾˡ
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ʱһ΢΢һ㵡
תͷȥȴǳ˵
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СӼҪȥĻûʲôɷԡ
ΣĻǿܲˬʦķ֣ʦ鷳롣
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룬Ҳ϶ӦСӡ
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ǸҺܻӭһԷʱῪˡ
һһ졣
һԸĹʦȻỶӭݲ岻һԷ




828¡
 

ʦ⡢̫ʰɣϵķⶶ
ԴЦЦѧУѧֳӦò᲻ӭɣ
һʦֻεЦЦǲҲ˵϶ԳкøС
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ҶûǾ߰ɣ˵ţмĿ˳һۣСſȥ
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̵ֻǣѷֶѧУ϶ùġ
߽Ƶ󣬷Աһܿһ̷ˡ
ͼŮʦһģĵǼŮʦһۺ󣬾û˸ڹˡ
Ĳڹֱ£ָᵹƣʱֱֹһˡ
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ñðҧֻǰڳеϵıҲԳ
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ʦ֮ƣǴҵ⣬΢һǶЦȰ
ٴξܾˣΣĲȣһԲưɡ
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ֻǱǽ̵ΣѧУȨĴ󣬶ҼﱳҲСЩʦ׵
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ԼųȾƣϵȰĻӲŲȾƵ˺ȣΪ費ȾƵˣ
ЩԾƾ˱źȾƣ׺ȳ£ͽҽԺȵİҲ١
ճµģУʦǣһֱǵ£ҿ㲻Ǵʦͱ𣬶µģиŭվ
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ллΣȻоûʲôЧỹǱʾ˸л




829¡
 

ǺǣûʲôļѾҩվȽзԱˣ˵ʦˣķ־͵Ϊֹɣ͹ʦȥϢ
Ůʦ߹ᣬֱĺݺݵһۡ
⼸Ůʦ֪ʲô˼뱣һ¹ġ
뵽ἴתУ飬ǻУͱͬ¡
ΪһתУʦﱫΣƺе㲻ֵ
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΢΢ͷʦټˣתУпյĻԻ١
һġЦЦʵ֪ԼȥѧԺ캣еʱͺˡ




830¡ƵĹʦ
 

ܿ죬ĸĸ¥
λʦлл㡣ĸòˣͦʵģڰһ
΢΢һЦлǷʦȥɣˡ
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Ź۾񡢷·ʧȥʶһ㣬Լжûд
챫ĺ͹нӴһĻĻܿ뵽ĸƿѾҩ
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ſڣ͸ͫ濴ȥ
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֮ұĵŮˣٺٺ٣




831¡Ŷ
 

űһªķ⣬ֻһããϣһ֮ɫ
ȻѾʧȥ󲿷ʶỹǴĵ׵̵Ρ
¶飬¶֮ɫ
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仰Ļŭţһϲ̲סĹЦ
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Сӣ㶮ƨҺ͹ʦͶϣƵ꿪Ҫ£ĳĴӵŭĵų
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ٴηҽУҷڵأţѪ
ߵǰҪ̧һȡ
㡢㲻ɱңһ־壬г
ܹܵõŨŨɱ
˱ĺɣᵱɱ
Сӵĵϱ֣
ˣڵ˺󿿵ǽϡ
һƬĮ֮ɫ
ȷʵͷˡ
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Ҫ߹ȥһţֱ˽ⱫĵͻȻ֣Լ˴ӱס
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㲻ɱң˹ʦҲˣͷ˻Ľк
ԣüͷ΢΢һ壬ͣ½Ų




832¡齵
 

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Զԣ·ʦ⼸춼춨ݣ׿ܻȥ󣡡
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ῪʼʹȻͷӰǳ
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ٿڹڸڵһɱ
ԳԽͷʦڽڰˣܿͱɱһɶ
ʹĽһ˫Ŀգڴϡ
ãҵЧ׷
ᲢûܵʵԵ˺ֻǱͷܲȶʱԹȥ
֮ð˷ڵֻΪаصĽͷʦ
ŹȥͷʦĻԼΪȫܵͷʦķơ
һߣǽıҲǷһҽУ¶Ͳ˼ɫ
оԼ͹ϵжˡ
⡢ⲻܣôƳ·ʦġ齵ŵĽе
תĿڣģû֪ˣ·ɣ
˵ָһһ뱫Ķͷ֮ڡ
һţĿ




833¡аĽͷ
 

ڹĽͷƽ⡢ıɱͬʱ캣ĳߵһڴڤˣͻȻ۾ϸ־֮ɫ
Ȼƽҵġ齵
ˣһ࣬ۿڣϹźɫ飬һͭޡ
һ£ҼŰɫģϻĹͼ
ϵͭޣǹ֮
⣬ӵߣվһȥݡʵϻᡢؽ͹׳ӡ
ĺɫ
ûбסĲֱۡ׵Ȳλŷͼ
ϸЩͼһɮ٤ƵͼΣΧġ
·ʦľȻƽĽͷ΢΢ʵ
ɣҵġ齵ƳҲɱ
֮ˣǱĿеͷʦ·
£ΪɣӸˡ
費Ҫȥ鱫򣿡ɣиԾԾ֮ɫ
·΢˼֮󣬵ˣܹƽҵĽͷԷضǻˣǻĴ֮ǰͻ󣬲ض¶ˡ
ɣͷֻܷѰɱ֮˵뷨

֮˾Ƶ깤ԱĿֻš
ܿɣƵ顣
ԼŹᣬص庣һű
Թ״ǳ׵ķģ˴ټһ顣
˰ѰδգźĴ۾ʵˣʦôˣ
ʦƣǸҩҰȻ򵥵Ľһ䡣
̾ͶˣǺ֪Ķ԰β顣
û뵽ľȻ¶޵һ档
ˮʦϴӡ
Ը֮˫̥û㽫ԻԵĹᱧԡ
ٰϴʱ򣬳óֻɷһϡ
뿪Ƶ֮ǰɸһݹͷʦϡ
Ϊ캣еĳУƽʱҲͷаĶ˺ܿ콫֮ǰϷ
Ϻ󣬳΢Уִ˵еͷҲʷľá
ǰ㵺ĹʮаĵӰ
аʵڵģɻĴ붫ǵĹҩͷܳơ
УͷԴڻ置׹֮ĵ̩Ρ塢ӡȶǹҺ󣬽ϵصݱΪͷ
ĽͷС嶾齵۹ȵȡ
ͷʦΪ½ͷʦ½ͷʦ֡ǰǮƸ½Ϊ޵¿ԣҪ˽⽵ͺԵȡ
Ȼĸ½ͷλ·ںһɡ
ܹͷۡʩĽͷʦΪضʮָ
޳ΪҲпܡ
жλ·ܿߡ
ߵĻô޷磬Ҳռһϯ֮ˡ
λֻ޷֮¡
Ϻ󣬹ԡٷ˳
ʱλŮʦѾѹˡ
ллҡʮָм˵
ԸоԼ
뵽ھƵﱻԼһ棬ɫ
ƽ˵ʦ廹ûָϢɡ
⡢ǲǲ̫㣿е㲻˼Ŀڡ
ЦЦô㣿շܶ࣬٣ʦҸϢ
ٹɵĵͷ˸Ϣ
ڶϣԿ͵С
ٴαл⡣
źܿ͹һμˣȹתУ飬˱㲻ټ
ڹᣬʼհٵİΣҲûʲô˵ġ
͹󣬳ջصһű׿ˡ
пպȥλʦ𣿡׿վڱſڣСʾ
ǿ͸ͫɨһ׿塣
׿ڲûڣ½ͷӡ
ǹ޵ĹϢܲ׽õ
߰ɣȥǸָĸ֡׿ĳ
ܿ׿ѳ͵Ŀĵء
³֮󣬳ǰȻ춨ݡ
ָʦ΢΢Ŀڡ
׿繧ǵģλʦ֣ɣ
ǶǱߵ֡˵ţ߽춨ݡ
ûɣʦˣĻ䷨׿߱ߵ
䷨ĸΪˡ
ַţѧ޷һࡣ
߽ݺ󣬳ǳ֣ŸɫߣΧӡ
ǵɫӷǳ𾴡




834¡ɣ밢·
 

һȺΧסӣһ֮£΢΢һݡ
һ̣Ѿ͸ۣڣŨ
ɫĵӣ·˶ƹˡ
ȴ޷϶ǹа
ֻܲ²Ӧóɭ֮Ӵ
Ǹɫˣָҵʦɣ׿ָָһΧסӡ
ɣӣȻҲΪ죬ɣûôŨ
ɣˮƽҲܸߣ˵ʦ
ͷʵɣԱߵǸأ
ɣʦԱİ½ͷʦ·ʦ׿û뵽ɣ⣬԰·Ȥӡ
·֣۵׸һĨ⡣
Ȼһͷʦ
ֻǾɷϣǮơ½˵ĽͷʦǺһɣô׿˵·ǰ½ͷʦ
漴׹ˡ
½ͷʦаֲ˶ѡ񾴶Զ֮
ҺһΪ½ˣٷӺͼܣݷǳơ
½ͷʦͬԿŰ˽⽵㲼ԵͷĴֻҪߵﶼܵ׷
ڻĵϲʦ򽻵ˡٵȵȣ˽ͷʦҲܵӭ
ţ˵·֮ǰѾĸڶĵֻڲֵ캣С
׿˵ţͷ·Ǳȥ
΢֮󣬸׿߹ȥ
뿴Ű·ɣˣǽĵãֻ΢һ䣬㷢ЩĵãȻ̷нϣ뻪ѧ˼ͬ
ߣȫһȼߣƺΪãóо档
֮Уɣ࣬·żһ䡣
Ȼûɣĵãжô
ΪʲôЩȴ屦
׿磬ɣģ㾳ͻƵָĵãվںʵ
ɣʦڽĶǴǳĵãɣʦ裬ʮԪºɣʦᵥǮָСʱ׿ʵѾʮ
ŶԭĽҪǮġЦ
ɣҲһߣ㲻ˡ
ߣȻ󲿷ּҾͨвܴճʮԪġ
ǵѾϴԣǻɣʮ
мҾʵߣ׿Ѿ˴ʮ
ֻһɨͷв֮ǰлĹ
Щ֮ǰҲǰɣ䶨
ھȻв˽뻯
Щ˵쳣Ҳ׿ͬС졣
ȻǰɣĽȡѸٵͻƣҲԲİˡ
һɣеĹŹ֮ʱһֱĬԵİ··ӦƵģ綾߰
밢·˫Ŀԣֻо·֮ͫУŰ޾֮硣
ֻǳǿΪ
·ʱ¶֮ɫ
û֮󣬻ܱ򶨡
λͷʦ̽Ϊڳ߶Ҫˡ
λļݵĸ֣·ͻȻڣ˵ע⡣
ԭɫȣɣ塣
ĵ޲
䶨ʦͽûйӭʺ
Ű·Ļ߲Żع׷תͷ
ʦ
ǳʦˣ
Щ߶ǵóл䣬ܶ學ֵ飬ʱ˶ܳ羴Ĥݳ
ٴοǳ˾ڳĳ֣û¶Ĥ֮ˡ
óָо쳣
Ȼϡ˭ĤݣǵķӦҲеϡ
ʦĪǻ½ʦ·̲²ݡ
ͬʱһ˿ɵ֮ɫ
Ϊ֪ͷʦ·ѧҲ˽⡣
֪ͬ½졣
û뵽˵е½ʦͻȻҳҪࡣ
·¶֮ɫ۵ףӹһḬ̃顣
Աߵɣ㿴ųƺһ¾ͽΪ֡
ҾǳȺ·ǰλʦһλ֪ͷʦһλ֣һλķɡ
ʦôᣬʦͷѾȥˣ޺㡣·һƵЦݡ
ЦȴǴһ˿䡣




835¡ϴԵ
 

ͷʦʵĲſԳơơޡ
ǰϡޡ֣ضǽͷʦеĸ֡
˰·άĻǵʲôʦֻˣ˵·ʦǰ캣вʩ£Ϊ˽⽵ôѡ춨Ϊ峡
ΪǴԹ֮ˣ˽壬Ϊ˸һԹ϶ɣʦ֣Ա캣еǽһĵá·͵
漴Ƿ׷׸͡
·ʦǵи
ɣʦĽҲԼ࣬ǳã
̫лλʦ캣ˣ
䣬Ƕ԰·ɣĸм
ȻʦȴǵްֻԳʵĴ澴η
·ɣʵʵǵõôĸˡ
̶ʱڣߵͻͽ
ͻƵ𣻰Ϊ֡
׿ͻٶġ
׿˲ͬǼҪݳΪʦûΪɣȳǿ
ͲɣԼΪͽˡ
ɣʦѧ֮ߣѧһ˰ɣɫʵ
ʱɣڿڣֱҷ˫ޣߵĲͬһ·ӣȽϡ
λǫȴһ˿
ֻоɣûĸַ
ʱȵǿʼˡ
ɣʦ϶һ֣
ǰɣʦָһǣǽ٣ʦ飡
ûûҿʲô½죬ͲɣʦĶ֣
Ȼɣ캣֮󣬴δչ¶֣ٲȻѧ޵еĴڡ
һǵų棬Ĵɣ
ɣǹһĻȡ
Ͼ캣֮ǰ˵ټͷ
лܶ孵ʦʯ½졣
лĵһֵơ
ЩǣȴɣΪǿ
ɣܲ⣿
ɸλޣʦ棬ɣɲԳһ֡ɣǫһ䡣
Ȼһ䣬ЩǷøˡ
ʦϾᣬôܺꡢɣʦȣ
ɣʦҲǰ޹ˣߣҿʦûһܴﵽɣʦľ磡
΢΢ü
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ΪЩȫ˸ƵģƺıɣĽϴˡ
óǷнͷԭ
Ѿʶͷĵ
Щ߶ɣĤݵ̬ȣóòɵһ㡣
ɣʦȻˣ֪㴫ڸλߵʲôǶʱͻͽɫʵ
һʦɣĵøȤΪԼѧϵľ粻ɣˡ
ǸΪɣʦ֮ϣѧһˡ
ɣһʣĸӵ⣬΢΢һЦΪλ߽ģǺͰ·ʦֳ̽һŷ˫޹Ϊħ
ħ΢΢졣
ħǷųʻ㡣
һôô졣
֮ˣڽͣ͡ͻʱħɣĵĽһħ֣Ҫô߻ħΪµҪôԡ;ֻҪܹսʤħͻͽһǧΪħ
ŶԿħͻƣǸܺõ·ӡһ䡣
ʵȴЦ
ħԲɣ˵ô򵥡
׿֮ҲֽѪʢ֢״
ڳŹ򲻴каš
ȻҲ㵱ƣϾЩ߶ɣϴˣĻ
ʦ֪ħĻҿѴڸ㡣ɣȻƵЦ⡣
һԵİ·Ѿɣʵ⣬йһڴ̴Ӧ
лɣʦ⣬ûħħʺֱӾܾˡ
ɣ۵׸ʧ֮ɫԲĵȰʦֹ˽ħԸҵħضٴλͻƣֹʦ
˼һǲַšٴξܾ
߶Щˡ
ɣʦĹõѧţʦȻܾԻڣ
ǰɣʦԸѴڣʦǾǶɣʦ𾴣
ʦӦɣʦɣ˵ԳʦѧˮƽܱɣʦΪͽܣ




836¡ɣս
 

ǵĻóüͷٶ
һɺɢŰܣЩ˲䲻
Ӧñѭ򽥽ǱνħϣʱΪ⣬ڵĿǣ˵
ǼˣǰˣʦԶԶǶ֣˶ҷ
û˻Ļ
Ƕħѧǿ
ĳЩ뼫ȿȵߣʼħٶȣԼΪܿͿԳ
ʱʦҲûʲôˣ
ʦĻʲô˼ħɣɫˣ΢ȥ
û뵽ħмһˣΪа
۽ʵЩɣϡ
·Ҳ΢۾߰㶢ų
ʦôúƭģ
Ȼɣ˵ҲٿˣɣȻ֣ѵ֪һζ׷ٶȵĹߵΣԺܴҿħɲħǿħ̳ԼʵԻħɣ߻ħ
˵ʲôɣɫױˡ
ΪħΣԱ˵÷ǳ׼ȷ
ʦҳԣ˵˽ҵħƾʲô˵Ǻ˵Ĺ
漰ԼֶΣɣ˵ʱɫࡣ
ɣʦħģ
ʦħôΣ
ǰʦĴˣɣʦǸ
ǶʱȺӿ׷׸ɣ绤ҪǸ
ЩȳԵߣɣǹЦݡ
Һ֮ǰѾϴԳɹղųһħ׶˵Ļ϶
ôߣֻԸߡǿ׿磬ſʼֹ취ţǲ˵ΣԺܴ
ЩִԲ򣬳ЦҡҡͷתҪ׿뿪
ȻΪɣŭҲû˸վ
ڳ߳һʱ춨ݵſڣ߽һŴŮ
Ů¶֮ɫ
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׿鶼ħйϵ֪ԼԹˡ
ôҲ鿴Ҳʮ־档
첽߹֮󾹶ɣͷʾ𾴡
״ӸòҲϴ˰ɣ
飬Ƿɣħֱʵ
ϸϲ֮ɫǰɣʦħÿҵħΪһ̨ףһźù
һ̨ףȻ֮£͸ͫһ顣
һ֮£Ԫ񣬾Ȼﵽˮƽˣ
ѪҲ쳣ġ
ѾǵŶܿܳԽˣһС˵
ҡҡͷȸһȥ
ѾɣͰ·ĵ̣ôӵȥȰ׿磬ħ
ǣɣʦ塣һܲ뿪ӡ
˵ҵһȥ
ðɣգ黹εĴӦˡ
ţһǲ̫죬Խ
ȻôĻɣͰ·¶˼ɫ
ǱΪŮħġ
Ҳϴɹġ
ѾҪ
ȴһѡ뿪ɣ޷⡣
ȵȣɣڣס׼뿪ĳˡ
عͷȻʵ㻹ʲô£
ɣǺͰ·һۡ
ƺõ·ͬ⣬ɣż˵ʦҾĴϣܺдһʱص㣬Ͷʱ춨ڣ
ɣҪսһǾ˷
ȻԼֵռԾ
ѧһʢ£
ȻһΣȫ֧ɣġ
ΪʲôҪӦ㣿һ仰·һˮ
ɣû뵽ᵱôߵ棬ܾôϡ
ѵһ㶼ϧʦ
ʦ㲻Һɣʦ𣿡
ɣʦԼսҽӣ˰ɣ
û뵽ʦȻôСɣʦΪ̫ߣѳʦŵˣ
Ƿ׷䳰ȷȫȻǰ춨ݴ顣




837¡
 

ô߱ӣɲΪ
ɣԼս󣬳һȤûС
ΪڳɣǸ׽ͨߡ
ʦļĶûС
ֵ֡
ɣ֪ʦսóее⡣
Ҳ˶ˣ顢׿Ҫ뿪
ʦСģۼҪߣɣͻȻʳ⡣
ԣһ˿ͷѣôˣ
ԭСѣܺáɣʱ¶ŵ΢ЦʦҾΪ룬ӦôӦд衣
Ŷʲô˼תͷĶɣ
֣в
Ļɣһѵ
ʦһһҹʱ俼ǣϣʱܹ￴㡣ɣ˿ǳŭ˵
һſȥ
׿ص庣һű֮
ڿɳһ£ֱ˵飬׿磬Ժνħ
ѵ˵ħΣܴ𣿡׿ʵ
ģʮֲԸһͻͽĹ
Ҳһû֮ǰħۣ˸ӲҪ
ħڵ裬һһΪ٣ǱΪڽܿ죬ȵ޷ħʱ򣬾Ϊ֮ʱĸ
׿磬ɫˡ
ȷʵܵħĺôҲԼԼоţѧȫ㣣Щаζ
ֻһħ޷ֹͣ·Ʒһ񫡣
׿˽죬Ѿˡ
ֻǶξͨ͸֮ˣΪʱħɣϴԡ
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òײȡͻơ
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ĽٶȣΪֻڳһֻ¡
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飬ˮƽͻƵǲģħɣѭ򽥽ͻƵҲܿ졣ĵȰ˵
̾һȻܲãѡĻ
ðɣͷԼƲסȥħ
Ҳǣ¿ƲסԼӾ˯֮УεԼħ׿Ҳ
֪ħġ񫡱ȶƷ
һǷа˵ʵҲ²֮Զħ˿ȳԣܿʱ򣬱ɣͰ·˽ͷ
˵˽ͷʱһ˼ɫ
΢΢ͷпܣֻǲ²⡣
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һʱ䣬˵ɫЩ죬ȻΪѪӿ¡
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ѵĿڵҡҲܿƣħԶת
ɫһٴο͸ͫѪ쳣ԾȫԪ纣ȣҪ
ߣ϶ɣĹ




838¡ӦԼս
 

תħȥȻΪۿɼٶնΪħ֡
Ϊܻܿᱬ
еǳ֡
ɳվһưıڶ
תΪԣڷٵѪȴ
ı飬Ƿǳʹࡣ
̶ʮʱ䣬ڵ쳣˼֡
ҳֹ֪ͣתħΪɣͣ¶Ŀơ
ɣԳһ档
֪ɣ˼ʾʱ߻ħ
˲ڹŹһ⣬׿£ԼҲָղ
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ô죿ʵиǸŨŨǡ
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ɫ֣죬һȥ춨ݣɣԼս
˼ǣɣĻƽµĽͷ𣿡׿뵽һ㡣
˵ͷôƽģ½֮ǰ·ɣӦҲǱ½֮ˣǽͨͷЩħߡ
˵·һǳĽͷʦߣԸͷʦǲǻ鷳׿粻ɵõ
վֻǷˣôܺаĽͷʦȣ
ˮŶҵҪһԴ˵еĽͷʦжǿ󡣡
򶨣׿Ҳٶԡ
ܿ쵽˵ڶ죬顢׿ٴ춨ݡ
Σһ֡
ΧɣͰ·ɫȳԵɣ塣
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˵˲˵ɣ·캣еͼΪҲ֪Ҿһ仰Ǵ𲻴Ӧҵ
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Щ߶ϴԳɹ
׿ڳϰ·˽ͷЩҲš
ÿ
ɣһ£߷׷˵䡣
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Ȼųܹɣɣ滹վŽͷʦ·
˽һսʵ׻
ȳϳɣͻȻͺһڳһ̩ȭʽ
漴ɣ£ͷž죬һ߷׷׺Ȳʡ
ȴΪֻսپ
ɣĹͷ֮һͣЪλ֣ѸĹƣ˹
죬׿˵ɣǽ̵Ļ䷨
һȻɣʽֱҪ
ۼɣȭƼ벽ˣ߳һţ뽫ɣɱ
Ȼ飬óһݣ
ɣĹ֮УͻȻһǿҵ
óòתסȫҪ
ȻһҶײ
ɣʱԭز
ʦȻԪ񣡡ɣһЦȴЦ⣬ȫ֮ɫ
Ԥϵѧʵʮǿᡣ
ɣڴ֮ǰѾȫ׼Ȼһȫӡɮ٤ͼģɢڹ⣡




839¡ͯ
 

ۼɣ֮ϣȻɢڹ⣬һݡ
֮ǰСȭˣ
͸ͫ鿴ɣʵʱ򣬲ûзɣŨ
ԭЩӡ֮ϡ
ȵսвű
öֵģɣʵ⵽ش
˿̣ɣŰùսٴκˡ
ƾЩǳߣ޷ĳ
ſȻĳɣɵЩ졣
ԭΪܵӰ졣
ϾܷӡǱߵҪǿ
ȴ˿Ϯ
½ڳʦ£һ㶼ԩɣ˵
漴ȭһܡٴɱ
ɣ֮Юէһλͬӹ߳ޡ
磬ͬС˻У֮ľ
ɣȭת˲תӭȥ
أ
ٴζԻһǣ
һײǿˣ
ԽսΪĵ㣬һ⼤ȥŵĴܣ±ˡ
ŰͣЪʱ˲ſ峡룬Ȼֻʣ³һˡ
ȫһȭɣȴɵһš䡱ǽϡ
ײƬƬ顣
ɣ֮󣬰ڵأ۵һ³һѪȻ˲Сƣ
⡢ⲻܣ
ɣʦô򲻹ʦ
϶ɣʦóʦˣɣʦóʵɣ
ֱ˿̣ϴԵǣɣܹսʤ
һԵİ·иŨŨļɵ֮ɫ
û뵽ôǿ
ȻԷ֮Կɣ
֮⣡
·Ϊߵⲻ֪аҽǧ괫е
ܺ⣿
ɣӵվǾ֮ɫ
ղ־ڱصõĴһȭˡ
һҲ֮ȥ
ɣ֪ڵԼѾǳĶ֡
۰·ϸּ֮ɫ밢·ʦʩ
ɣܵס𣿡·ʵ
ɣʮּᶨĵͷ
֪˵ʲôɲð·ʩչ˵еĽͷ
żһ㣬Ѿ·ǰ
׿ĽͷɱָѾڰ·Ĳϡ
һð·ɣͬʱʧɫ
˶û뵽ٶ֮죬Ӧʱ䶼ûУ
·ϾǾ˵ģ򶨵Ŀڵʦ㲻ļʩ
ȻĹ
ð·ԵͷͻȻ֮䣬ף
˫Ŀ翴·Ĺסֻ֣һͭޡ

ԭͭޣȻһĿԣ˵Ц
оԾμˣͭ޴Ӱ·룬Ӱεĸ
ʦҵĹܹͯǣ˦Ѳģ·ǹЦ
ȴһȻǹͯ
֮ǰϿͯǽͷʦõʩߣ߼֣Ժͻĵķȡ
νͯӤʬƳɣϰдоĵĲסڻϿֱӤʬСȫɡ
УͷʦоģʽӤɿԺͽͷʦ֮꣬ͷʦͨùͯӵиܡ
ʳ˻ǣǹͯܵһ֡
ͯ׷ϣֻоԼεľסȻƬ̼Ļ㱣
Ҳͨɱȣ
ͨͻǶȳǿٱ
ֻͯڼʱڶԳɸš
ܿ췴Ӧһͭ룡
˵Ľ˲쳹ݣ
ͭʧȥˤڵأ黹ԹĿų
漴Ϊһ̲ζẔִ́ǵĺˮ
㾹һҹͯ·ŭʹ֮ɫ
ʮĹͯÿμܽ
û뵽Ļǣȹͯǿ󣬸Ӱ죡
·ŭǣǿŭ⣬ĵܺáܺãʦԽǿԽãʸΪҡħµĵһ֣
üͷ塣
ħʲôͷѵħйϵ
ͷʱͻȻΧս߶쳣仯
Ѫڣ˫ĿѪ죬һ
һ˲䣬Щ߾ͱƹ˵Ĵڡ
顢׿綼ܵӰ졣
ֻԡǿ˿ڿħʹã֮ɫ
ԭղŰ·ųͯʱѾ߷ͷԲд˹ֲһĻ




840¡Ƴħ
 

ʦӦÿóΪʲôҪЩħ˰ɣ˵ɣ·ɹʩЦ
ԭܼɵʵһ־֮Ķûˡ
ɣȥϵϵĻ۵ɣڡ
ħ֮Щ߳Ϊħǽɣһ˵ţһ߸Ųӿȫƾ޸ֻҪʱѵ·ʦħڵȫתΪܹΪã
ԭˣħԼԿħħߣúݶֶΣλ˵ͼ
ٺ٣ʦȻһ˵ͨ
ϧ׿ʱ̫̣ھȻܵħɣΪã˵ˮƽ֮ҵˮƽһɣ
޻չŽǣһʮõı飬˿̵ɱˣǲϵ˵ħ
İߣѾȫˣ
ʦǿվһ鷲ˣڵѾ̤㻹ôҴ򣿡
ܴҡɫ˵
ɣЦȻϣʦ䣬Ͼǳ󣬱Ҵ˵Ļ̫ϧˣʱ·ʦħϣܳΪħеĵһְ
ûʦ̫ˣɲܱʵ𡣡·̰֮ɫѾȲҪ½ͷˡ
Ϊóɣߵ֮󣬽ӿ˲ɣŰһצĶޡ
һĻͨ˼ˣԻΪɣѾӵƿع
ȻԾ治ɫ˵һ־֮ġ
ʦǲײĲᣡɣ˿壬Цȵ
һ䣬ɣĶޣǵ˻֮
춨ݣΪɭ޹
һ̣ɣˣ
۵ӳ֮£ٶȱȹȻҪ£
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һֱ͸̲ͫ׽ɣһӰ
ųٱһסɣһǱȣ
ףɣ֮û뵽Ӧô죬һܵǰǿһߣ
ȭӻɣٴʧû֮С
ʦҲ㣬㻹Լɣɣɭն֪Ӻδ
ղһţɣֻһʵڲ˳£Ρ
ɣˡ
Ϊ֪ĸӮñҪ
Ǿġ
ŭ֮Уɣٴʩչ̩ȭ
أ
һ֮ڣȭཻʮΣ
޾Ϯ壬ת£
ɣĵľ֮ԽԽˡ
û뵽ȭϤ£ˣ
⻹ʦʵ
ҵĽսݵĸ䱬ɣ˵Ӱÿһӣڲͬķλ
۵Ũɣٶȶǰδеľ硣
Щܹʱ࿹⡣
ֻһ߹УһѰɣ
Ա߻һİ·
һ̳ڸܵһ˿ѹ
ŲϮŨŨͻȻһ뵽һ¡
һ֮£Ѷһ
ںϵľС
ľСնаЧ
һܿƹ
ȻɣϵϢͬһа֮
ȡľС󣬳עֽһն
֮䣬ŰһնʧӰ٣
ôܣ
ɣʧȥڣòǺȻ֮ɫ
⡢ʲô·Ҳˡ
ųеľСаİ·־塣
·ͷʦйͯһ޷паķ
·ɫ䣬ӿκˡ
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ܳղչǿĻǶΪͯƣ·ûнݺ޷ϵ
ڳľСȴһ۵նȥ롣
·òųǴ˵еĻ޷ߣ
ʵͷʦҲ޷ߵһ֣˰·֪ľСжô£
ȻǺɣսȴӽġħƳˣ
ն֮߷·һ㣬ĵȥ




841¡ͷ
 

׿ˣָɫûء
ҵħתˣ龪ϲĿڵ
һڷ
ԭɱ·Ļ׿޷νġħ
û뵽ԼֳľСһնȻƽ˰·Ľͷ
ľСնаЧԤĻҪ
ֻǲ֪ûƵá
˿̣ʧȥӳֵɣʵ󽵡
ûκι˼ɣնɱλˡ
һѾɣǰ
ɣ֮£˫۸񵲣
꣡
һ˷Ĺͷɣ˫۱һȭϣȭδϣصɣ֮ϣ
ɣҽжֱӱɣˤڵأһغ
˲ɱɣ·һ̡
Ҳ룬Ⱦſȥ
ڰ·Уκθ˶Ҫ£
ǵһμ޷һĿֲڣ
ֻĴѹס
ҪӻȥֻҪ󣬱ض޷ע⣬źܻܿ֡
·ţѾӳʮס
ȻŹ½ͷʦһȥֱа·󾱡
·ƺһǰ˵и־ɫ
ĺ漴һѪߣ׷룬Ǳж˲
ɱλ˺󣬳׷
һսĿɲС
Էһ͸ͫһ׿
ֻǾµǹаϢѾʧ
ȻħƳˡ
߰ɣȥˡ
˵ţɨڵһۡ
ЩҲΪ𣬶ҡħĺ֢׿绹Ҫ
Ⱳӿ¶޷ͻһˡ
Ȼͬǡ
ôô£ʦǣ䶨һѹ
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ʱһĻˡ
·ڵϵʬ壬ڲһľƣȻɢڹ⣬ȻľƸն
ǽͷʦƣ֮ǰĽͷʦϡ
Ƹ֮󣬺ڹʢ֮󾹴Ű·ͷ­ȥٶȿ磡
һݣ̴һ
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һ۾ͿľƵķλƹĺڰʿܣ·롣
һٶȼ׷ȥ
ȻһߴӰȻ֣̤Ϻڰʿܳͷһ
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ʲôˣ
֮£ǸߴӰһƣ
Ϊܽ߻ɣȴû뵽ǸߴӰֻӺڰʿܳͷ˵βסΡ
һͣòͣ½Ų
һ𾪡
ߴӰȻ֮ǰܵ½죡
ֻ½վںڰʿܳϣźɫ£˫ĿѪ죬ŭĵų
½죬㾹Ȼ·ŵʵ
Ǿ治ѡ
½֮ǰ˫ۣڲ˫ãʵһأ
ʣ½ûлشתƷ򼲱ȥ
ٶ׷ϣһ·ڹսǴƽǰ˲䱬һƬڹ⣬ס
Σʱ̣ת壬ɢаڹ⡣
ʱ½ѾŰ·ͷ­ʧڽֵãã˺֮С
ٺ٣ʦû뵽ɣһ½ŵƣ·ͷ­Ц۵һ˿ɵ֮ɫ
ȻűԼˡħ½ɹ룬·ɲڻģŻ
Ϊʵ̫ˣ
ȥ֮󣬲̤㻪İ벽
Ϊܴﵽֳͨľ磬ŸһѰ
߻ݣ׿վſڡ
ǰ·𣿡׿ʵ
Ӧһ־ˡ
׿羡¶֮ɫ
ܱΪֵģʦϣ
ֻǳû˵˭Ҳûжʡ
Ŀŵĳܺڰʿ֮ϡ
ܵĹȻԶǿͨСǱ½Ȼ˺ü
ֻεĴ绰άԱ߳ȥάޡ
֮顢׿һűκơ
ǽͷʦ𣿡鵣ǵʵ
ǿаͷʦ֪ԼȫǶ֡




842¡ؼ
 

Լ󳤴˵ڽͷʦֿ´š
ֻ֮ǰһֱЩ֮˵
ֱ·ĿɲֶΣŽͷʦʵڵġ
·ѱƵӦò뻪ġɳϵΪȫһ˵һ¡
˵űֱɺ۲绰ǲһ°·١
ڵ鷽棬ɵֻܸУ۷׷ࡣ
绰󣬳ɵ½
Ȼ˲²⡣
½ܻܿȥ֮Ϊʵ󽵣·ɣţȻ󱻰·ˡħ
뵽һʦȴܵаͷʦʹҡҡͷ
ллһ׿类κ֮վĴл
΢΢ͷȻȥɣ
ǣ׿۵׸һ˿ʧ䣬ϹϾ˳ȥˡ
һԵ˫̥ûеĿ顣
㣬оõ𣿡ٹĵʵ
΢΢һЦѾˣֻǿϧΪֵ䵽
û˶֮ǱҪ̰ðѵ
֪ˣллָм֮ɫ漴ŵ˵Ҫ͸ĸʦ꣬ǰ·
·ȥԪˣֻʣһͷ­Ӧûһʱ䡣֪·ֹġͷǿóġ
·˵ֻܿ½챣ԼҪͷ­Ѱһʵ壬ô׵顣
ҳ϶·ԪˣΪ춨·УһΪȥ롣
ֻʣһͷ­Ϊ
Ǿͺá˳ĻԷġ
٣ҾȻȥˡ
ǡ
ŮͳȥԼϢָ
ͷʦһ䣬ļطѩȥ档
ڼɺ۸㱨·Ѿڹڣ㳹׷
ףڰʿܻû޺ãֻô򳵻ȥˮ򣬺͸ĸžۣ׼ꡣ
ڼƳ̳ǰˮ·ϣֻյһϢȻûϵĳ
λ㵺ٸԴϴγʡᶥҾս֮󣬾ûٺϵˡ
˧磬þûˡ
ĵһ΢ţ룬Ļظ㲻ƭӡ
ģƺΪϲΪʲôԸˣ
ûΪʲô
ôûңΪͱȥˡ
Уûкκ졣ظԩӣ֪ҵԺﶼһ˵Ӱ
Ŷ˭΢΢ʵ
ظϴҲǸ˵ƶʡҺϼŴս㵺ǰȥս𣿡
㻹ȥˣô֪ʵ
ϼʤⲻҪظ˷ҪǣǴδսǿˣ
ˣǣƵǸӰʵ
ԣ
Ӷ
ϣ㲻ҪŶȻܼįѲû˼ƣ
ϲˣƶʡսУǸҫ۵ˣ
һϢ򵯳ǲɵùϷʵЦݡ
ԼԼµϲ˭ˡ
˧磬ѵ˸е𣿡ûлظʵ
ЦЦִһ֣˵˵Ǹ˭
֪ĺ٣ֻ֪Ǹ˴ϼųսֽг
Ϣ̲סЦ
Ȼ¶ˣ
ΪʲôǴδսպһս
ЦջΣõаҽеһ̣עһһ
ϧ̫̫ɼȻȥҳ﷢һ̾ϢϢ
˧磬Ҽǵ㲻ǾƹӶְҵɣܲίһ񣬰ϵ
ȻϵʱЦá
ҪϵǸˣʲôЦʵ
̻ظʮ飬Ҹʮ飡
Ҳȱʮ顣
ֻ΢תǮ㣬֮⣬޷ˡ
Ǿ̸
˧粻ҪôҪ㵺һ죡
ûȤҪؼˣԺġ
ֱж죬ܳظʲôȥ
ͣ½͸ĸϱ֮ǰ³󣬿չվſӭӡ
Сô񲻽ʵ




843¡μҵ
 

΢΢εĻشܳ˹ϣȥάˡ
û£ɡ
ӻչܸˡ
СǳϦˣ׸˵ǺǼһΧ¯ô֮󣬺Цʵ
ûԥֱӴûⰡ˶ֵ㡣
ţǾͺãҴ绰·˵һסڳ½͵ıûиũˡ
ÿû¾ͺͳ½ֵ죬˹ϵܲ
ʱڣ͸׳չæðڼɨ
󣬳ĸڴ绰з⣬֪ʲô顣
绰˲۾һٸн顣
裬ô𣿡ĵʵ
չͺҹദҲټ⸱ɫ
С绰˴ġӵ˵˴绰˵μȫӵܣȥʡ꣬ǼҪҪһȥ
һ޲
ĸ׵ڷչԽԽˣ˶ÿ궼һ꣬쳣֡
μ׳ǱߣҲСļ塣
û뵽ȻҪȥʡꡣ
϶Ǻμҵļҵһ̨ס
ЩμҶȥμؼۻᡣ
μҲûΪ
˳ĸ׵һ㶼ð
ֻǲΪʲô˽ͻȻ绰ǹȥһꡣ
˳
е㲻˼Ľ͵СѾͷˣ˿ܾΪһ㣬ǹȥꡣ
˵ͷԵɡ
μһӴ壬˶ҵѧҵгɣһɡ
ǰÿι꣬μҶûϵ񣬳֪Ϊĸ׳չûлͷһũ
ԺμΪûʸμӼվۻᡣ
ǸǳעŮˣʱʱ͸Լֵܽϵ
ʱѳϼϯҽʦ飬ˡ
ȻΪμ˵٣񲢲Ұѳ˵
ԭμһźĻóûҵܵʲôϯҽʦ
һټԼû˵ѣ˳Ĵ˱ú
˵ɲˣôһŵĹϵ
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С˵ȥȥһڴʵ
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ʱչգ¶Ц⡣
֪ӶûʲôøУѵóôˬĴӦ˷ǳġ
С˵ҪȥĻóϦ֮ǰʡᡣЦ˵
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ʹ绰ᵽ½ּңһǸ⡣
Ϊ֮ǰӦͳ½һһΧ¯
绰ȥ󣬳½ֱʾ⣬ôӳº񿪳ͳһǰʡᡣ
ʰһ֮󣬳͸ĸϳºСʡỨС
ûóºǵμұ԰С
裬ʵʡһ׷ӣס죬Ϧȥ⹫ҰɡںμҴ̫ʱ䡣
չͺû뵽Ȼʡˣ֮˶һۣͬӵ顣
԰ķӣƳѾؼҹ꣬˳õĸĸƳΣᡣ
ܿȥĸ¥Ƴ̳˾ǰμұ
μҵﵽȫµĸ߶ȣ׼ʡᷢչ˳ļ˾˺ʡὼһű
ѳ⹫ӵ
Ժÿ»شգʡۡ
ڼƳ̳ԺиּݳӰ
⹫кκ£ӡŮǳŮ
˾ˣֱкννԡνơ
κСŮҲǳС̣к̡
ʮ·ݵʱ򣬳ǰ̽·ϣ˺νŮࡣ
ҲǺμһУϤһλ㡣
ǰ⹫ʱǵô˻׳п蹫˾ֵոڣҲ֪ڷչôˡ
˺ν׳дڵʲôְλ
С̺ǳ˹˾ĹɶͲܼࡣ
˺νƣǵùϵá
ͳ˵Ըúϲڹ˾ϷһЩִ֮νƱԼɡ
ݵĻ䣬ǳ̣ܿعûʲôرĸд
ǼࡢѧѶʱ򣬺μҲûԮ֡
˳Ҳι꣬ߵ̫׽
ţμұˡ




844¡һǴ
 

һռסŸ޻԰ʽıׯ԰µ¥
γɶ˽ׯ԰űʡۼǧϡ
嶰¥ֱסų⹫ţ˾ԼС̡
ʱһ¥ſվŮӡ
һŮǳ֮ǰǰ̽ıࡣ
һŮͺ£ǱȺ΢ÿһ֣Ϲһ˿Сĸ֮߰ɫ
㣬òųȴһҰɣŮڣȫľٶ
΢΢һЦݺݺüҺþûˣҳӭһǡ
ǲֵ˼ΪݺݺŮӣǾúӭӵɲ֡
ȫкݺݺǳ˺νԵŮһǰͱȥӥѧǰոջ
ݺݺһ꣬ױݡѾʮȺҪǰ
òǻˣ˵طСˡ
ݺݺ֮ԲΪʲôصسӭӣΪǺμɻڴýΪС㣬ӭһֱûĴһأ
Ұû˵ҳӭӣԼ˼ĵĽ͵
ݺݺҡҡͷԴҾͲˣȫһҲ죬Ҵһ㱾¶ûУô껹ڴǼԶˣӭӣʧŶ
΢΢üƲˣÿǵݣô˵ӭӴʧݵĻ
ݺݺȻׯˣ̳һöӣǵıֵܳڿǳͷءôüҹϺŶ뵽Ǵȥ̽桢ȫȵıܣ¡
ʱɡλйĳ棬ӡںԺ
Ȼ벻ͨΪʲôɽ
úӾãλܵıǳء
ؼңûн߼峤ΪҪ˵ȥ
ݺݺȴе㲻мġСһڵ绰ﴵӵţ㻹Ű˵ʲôϼϯҽʦ֣ϼʲôʡ½ͷƾǵˮƽܽȥʵϰǴüոˣ
ݺݺô˵磿εһ䣬ҴõԸҲ֪ʹһʵˣܻᴵţ
˰ɣ㲻ǴôţҲǳ贵ţ
㣬ֲûǰô⹫ʱҼǵó˵ľͷƵġ
ǴƷζһӣ
㣬ܹͷأǲš
ũѧǰǹڴѧǼöˣһҸǧĹǰڰ༶ȺٰͬѧᣬЩͬѧûһҴӦģ˵ȥܱЩͬѧǿ
ݺݺߴߴɵ˵һѣ˵һǴ
ֻεҡҡͷ
ͬʱţúݺݺ֪ɡִжҪθ룿
໹û˵һؿƿֺνǸʡصλ
úν֪ϴйϵĻ´һҾҪ֮⡢޷μӳϦΧ¯ˡ
ý˵һ󣬱ׯ԰ĴţһƳ̳
Ƴ̳ͣº󣬴߳һڣǳĸ
һĻݺݺġ
˵ʲôͷأСûУҪƳ̳ͱǰ棬Ǻμҵʮȣ̫ˡ
ãˣӭȥǽӹ
ݺݺվſԭزȳͳչ߹󣬲ǿ˸к
յμұе㲻ˬˡ
˵ŮݺݺԻǰĸĸ
˳ֻԺݺݺһãٿŮ
ݺݺ겻ӷˣ̲סһ߽
󣬳⹫ŶɳϿӡ
ﻹмСȫʶҲ֪ĸ߱Ķӡ
͸ĸ߹ȥʺ⹫ź󣬳⹫κ𱸰Ժ˵ôϦӦǺμҽʱͬգҹŷ綼Ϊϸ񣬳ٵǺϰߡ
֣Բˡ΢΢ͷһǸ˵
⹫Ȼ裬òЦ⣬ޱվš
С⹫žû۹Ժ̬ȣǼ޳ȥŮóȥˮ
ںμҷˣ˵ʲôҹŷ硣
ҳѾ⹫׳չ̬ȣǳ䵭
ȻǾŮûϢȫûɫ
ˣΧ¯ߣʡҲùںμҡţȴƳݺݺһ͵Ц
ãƺΪκ¶Գһҵ̬ȣֻ




845¡μ
 

ˣȻ˶룬ᣬСȥǹκ·Ըһ䡣
ͷ߳
չžнɳϡ
һװޣȻǳɡ
˵Ĺ˾귢չò򲻿ôõķӡ
֣˰ɣȥæ֣ĳȥʦæµ
ûȺκ¿ڣһСĺݺݺ̲סЦһãﶼʡͲ鷳æˣҽǳϦΧ¯ũˣŪĲô
ݺݺĻʱһ˼
ȷʵĳոʡᶥûȡ
κҲһ㶼ûæ˼
ݺݺ˵ɫȥ
ղ⹫𱸺񣬳Ϊûпڡ
ԺݺݺͲˣݺݺã⹫ֺһũʱũ峤ģôũ˵ĳգ
ݺݺľǱ˵ũ˵òƯҪء
һǱƲũ˵
ʱݺݺˣİ˵ǺμҿɲũˣũסôõıǼҰһֱסĲܳ𣿸СԶԣ
СʱԵĶʳЦһԡ
˵ʲôݺݺüŭǣҪ
ˣˣ
κ³ֹݺݺסû
źκ¿һ۳۵ӹһĨʧ֮ɫ
ûﻹһĲ˵
ղų˵һκºܲ
Ǻμũ׼Ͳũˡ
ҺμҼʡᷢչҵύĶʡϲ壬ɲЩ֪ǺμũӶƲ𣬲ԸǺμҺ
СԺ󲻵Ǽũ֪𣿡κһѵĿǿڡ
ûлش
κ΢΢ҡͷӡ
ݺݺЦݣ·ڶԳʤ
ܿఴպκµķԸȫμ˴˱
ôμҳһãַǷ
ͳչλվȴȥ
֡裬𳤣øλ
ʱһںμ˶ע⵽һҵĵ
ͳչ򸾣κͺννԡνƻкļ˴к
һ򵥵ʺ֮󣬺μҳ׷¡
վһͷӶ۷׷ף۵Ľ㶼ڳϡ
ݺݺҲۡ
껹ͨ˼Сıֵܽãһƣ˸үС㡣
ֻоЩݸİˡ
ԼǸ룬ǵȦӡ
ȻҲںЩڸĸ߲Ҫġ
ʱһУ˹Գ΢ЦܣҪҪһ죬Χ¯аСʱſʼ
ˡ
ƺе㲻ĵӣѹûа̽˵κŶ
֪λеøС
˵̽飬ôЩݶ̬ȿ϶һˡ
⹫κ¿ܻᵱȥ
ΪκºעغμҵϺνǹԱμôܺ͵ﳶϹϵ
ĲüûŶٸһֵܽáǺĵ
ҪٴξܾһԵĺ˵С㶼ô˵ˣ͹ȥͱֵܽģϤһ¸
ΪˣȴţԵúܲȺǵӡܲá
˵ֻվźμ˵Ȧ߹ȥ
Ȼѳʮȫ¶֮ɫ
ѵóǺμһȦӣ
ǾܡҲӦ飡
кĵܵܺӢĿڵ㣬𣿡
ӢǼûһΣϤһ¡˵ţ˺Ӣһۣ
Ӣȴα֮ɫһεģôģ
Ļμ˷׷¶ζϷʵɫ
ݺݺЦ
ѹŻ˺Ӣһۡ
֪ŮѾûһ죬ڳǱߡ
ǶŮӺӢ
㣬²ӢѾϴѧˡ
Ӣ˵кѵһ䡣
ãӢǻɢ޳ĸһк
źֽμ˽һ
źĽɨӹȥֻܹע⡣




846¡
 

ǳ˺νԵĴӡҲǺݺݺĴӢ롣
Ӣʮ꣬ҲǱνȥѧѾѧɹ
ӢڹͶѧԺɲӥҰѧֻǮͿѧλ
ӢǿԼʵѧ׹˹ٴѧѧϵ
˹ٴѧ׹ǰѧܿѧԺĶ
ӢѧٲȻΪμһܳӢš
Ҷ֪ӢԻǺμҵһμƹܺμҺͼҵȨ
˺μһվһԺӢΪס
Ӣװġʳȣȷʵһ˲ţμ˵ȫͬ
λкʱֻоӢʮָ߰¶ڳ˵ơ
ȻҲûƶܷ
һλעĺμˣС̵̺ĶӺӢ塣
˵ӢδǳΪҵӢӢķչ·ȫͬ
֮ǰ˵Ӣ忼ƶʡУֲ֮ӡ
ûӢĸӽ׳ʸˣͬһʱʵ
ֻǺӢüһ˿֮ɫóѷӢ롣
ҳ֮ǰأҲûмӢ塣
ȻӢֻһֱͨûʸ롣
غƶֲӻǸģûһѵԳȥִһ£ûϺӢ塣
˺Ӣ롢Ӣλμˣȫˡ
һЩѧĸӵܣ鸡ڱ档
͵ľǺĵܵܺӢкӢúݺݺ
һүСģ
˴к󣬳׼صĸߣЩμӵܴһ
ʱӢȴ˵磬˵캣ѧ飿
ûôˣ䵭ĻӦ
Ӣ⸱̬ȣ䳰ȷ˵˸ѧ˵ͷˣԭͷô򵥰
ҲùĳЩѧǮѧλӡķһ䡣
˵ʲô
˵˭ӣ
ӢݺݺͬʱѾ˻
ΪǴС̰桢ɼеĺμӵܣӶпʼǻǮУѧλ
ñУ߳ŭˡ
ô˵ò𣿡һЦ
Ӣİ˵磬ôֻͣܶ캣ѧǾ㲻Ķ飬УУƾ
ǣִ֪ᣬУƾжҪ𣿳ᣬļҴ˾һѧƾݺݺҲļһ䡣
ͬʱμ˶ԳͶӡмŪĿ⡣
û뵽ȥõĶӻôִ壬۽ǳ͡
ôѧƾҪԣҳǿǮƾ
˭ǮƾŬõƾ
ǺμԼļҵҪȥ˾֤Լкƾĵ
ֻҪ֪ǺμҵӸУҵ⣬㹻ˡ
õĶأ
ѧƾûûûǮƣôǱȣ
ھȻﳰӢݺݺƾʵ̫Цˣ
캣ѧ֮Ӣ롢Ӣλܳĺμӵܣ¶мɫ
ٿһۡ
Ϊһģβ̫ࡣ
Ψһûпĺ࣬Щֵܽöӳڿȥˡ
ԼĵܵܺӢ֮ǰѾ˵Ѿȡ
ҺúӢȳΧ¯ʱ򣬶Գ𾴵㡣
Լĵܷܵǵڷ
ĺ
Ӣô˵ģ˵ܵһۣ̻ö˵ˣϼŵϯҽʦְλн򼶱ģϼǿƽʡᣬΪʡ¾ͷִ˾չδ
δȽ˵꣬ӢѾЦ
Ҳ̲ס¶ŹֵЦݣ·һǳЦЦ
Ӣˡ
ӢŬЦ⣬㣬˵ţ
㣬ҹ㣬⻰˭˭ɵݺݺЦ
Ҳһȫŵɫ
ϼţʲôҵͷ
ʡᶥңϼŵĶԿвҰܣ
˵ϼٲȻʡҵһĴˣ
õĶӣȻϼеϯҽʦ˵˭أ
ǾòǴڴԼĶӣǳĸţ
࣬ǺμҼʡᷢչԺЩҪ˵ʱһֱĬĺӢڿڡ
ҵ츳ߣ֪ϼж¡
Ȼ֪ôģһ߳еҵȻ̶ʱܰ⵹ңǿ֧֡




847¡νƵѴ
 

ǡ
Ҫ⣬ӢҲˣ࣬Ӣ˼㻹ֻȥϼŵģǺμʡķչûκκô
СõĶӶô˵ֻܹԹԱ졣
Ӣ롢Ӣڼĵλɱ̫ˡ
ʱӢϸֵЦݣ磬ø˵һ£Ժʲôϼϯҽʦˣ˵µģ
һٺۿ˵͵Сү˵
ô粻𣿡ӢеĳŪ֮Ũã㿴ҺݺݺѧλӢ˾׹Уҵ˹ٴѧ𣿡
ĮԾһﲻ
Ӣ㿪ʲôЦ˹ٴѧݺݺż
Ӣ·ͺݺݺƵģ˵ãû˹ٴѧֱɣӢͱ꣬ѾƶֲӵڰСӵĶӳӢӢ磬ܱȵùһ
Ǻǣ˵ҪǱȣЦڡ
ȻⷴúӢˣΪҪӵı֡
ղŻЩУƾģ˵ͺӢ롢Ӣȡ
ǱȲ
ӢټһȺ˵ͻȻһ˵
С˵˵
תȥ˺νơ
˿ڣҲúͺӢǴһ飬ý뿪˵ķȥ
ӢڱҡҡͷУ
ͬУݺݺ֮͡
ؾôԼĵܵܣӢ
С⡣νߵɳʾ¡
ɳϺνƽӴŷ࣬û·ʮꡣ
˺νУԳȽϺõĳ
ʮֻĸ׻عҼΣÿμңνƶ
ʱûǮϴѧνƻǧ顣
Ȼǧ鲻֪࣬ʱνƺͶ˺νԡС̺ϣ빫˾ɣ𲽽׶ηǳѣԱĹʶ¡
ܼĸǧ飬Ѿǳм
ν֮ô۰֪һԭ
ǾǺν⣬ȢţûӣڶҲˡ
˺νƶԺӵִر
Һνũֱڻũ˵ԸԺܲϲүС㣬ϲĳ
ڼμӵܺӢ롢Ӣ壬ΪǷֱǳ˺С̵Ķӣνƹϵһ㡣
С˵ϼʵϰνº͵Ц
һЦˣҲ˵ϼϯҽʦ𣿡
ʵʵ˵šνЦŨҲܶ࣬ȻղӢĻҲʵ˵Ժ˵ϼ
ЦЦûз
׿ڳԼݣҲš
ˣ⼸ǲǾӪ˾̫ۣ鷳ĵʵ
ʮģνü仹һǳɫҲܲãºء
ȻνĻиֿɬ֮ɫСллĹģҵĹ˾ǱȽϾ˹ᾡġ
ˣʲô˵ҿ԰㡣ϵ˵
νԣݸС⣬˺ܿģڴѧûҵɣǺúϼŹδϼŵϸ߹ܵĻܰﵽ˾ˡ
˵һ㶼ָæ
΢Ҳû˵ʲô
ȹ꣬ʵж֤
ˣĲεôˣתƻ⣬ѹ
νȻ֪ʵʲô
е⣬νɫ΢΢һ죬̾һβãˣע¶һӣ޶Ů
ˣĲ֢ûĿܡ
һ仰úν˫Ŀһ
СѵʶʲôҽνȻԼĲܾ̲סڴʵ
һЦˣ˵ܲţ֮ǰҵõһλҽ˴ڣ֪Ĳֻ֢Ҫҡ
νƶʱɴ۾Ȼֽ
Сͱ˿Цˡ
Σ˹Ȼš
ҽ飬ֻ֤ҪΧ¯󣬾ͿԸνβˡ
˳ǲ
ԱͻȻڡһЦ
תͷȥȴһɳС̺Ц
˵ľ֢˶ҽβˣ͸֢һǾ֢κøǳ˵Σ̵ֱӴ̶
̸е飬һѹ˼ûУΧɳĳˡ




848¡ϦΧ¯
 

Ȼν޷Ǻμ˾֪顣
̵ô˵˵νƻһ٣޲뿪
νƵı飬һ⡣
ν빫˾ɣ߰ٷ֮ʮĹɷݺͲٹ˾ӢǺμҵʵ𣬽ʡĻҲ˼ꡣ
Ϊ³ĺνȻû˵ʲôȴһֱĸ绳ġ
гӵһãŲµĴö⣬ҵνƵĻᡣ
ĳ֮
С˷ˣҡҡͷ
֪С̺˹ϵӲֻû뵽С̺˵ĹϵȻֵز
С̣˵˵Ĳκã;κáĿڣ̺ɫ
ûûС˵ɳϵĳɫ΢䡣
ǳϦǳ⹫κ»ûзѵ
ٴβļЦڴѧĶҽѧרҵƾʲô˵κ˵ľ֢
ܼࡢӢһ߿ˡ
˵ԼκúνƵĲӢݺݺȺμүС㣬׷¶ŹֵЦ⡣
˿ԽԽóС˵Щĵű߼ʵĻ˷Ц
ǰõĶӿɲİ
ʱǶóľګľͷ
겻Ȼţôݣ
Ӣ롢ӢſԸԳȣ̲סֱ֮ɫ
С̵ʣȻȻС̣㲻ùǲҽѧרҵ֮Χ¯һԸκĲ
˻һһЦˡ
μҳ׷ҡͷ
ʵôôŵĶӣ
λμҳɫչҸӱˡ
ķǳϣκúνƵĲ֤μ˿
ټ䣬ʱһλࡢľǵ˿ڵãǳϦͱܵˡ
磬ⲻǹĸ̱þн¶м֮ɫ
˵ˣֻоֹλߵƣĴ˺ν
֮ǰûôע⣬ڿνǣ²⼸Ĺٿ϶ԽԽˡ
㣬ǺμҼҹ棬ԾΪףȥϣ̶ܽӡνһѵĿ˵
ǡǡν࣬ԵСæͷӦ
ȴòסЦ
μҼҹԾΪףոպݺݺô˵ģ
ʱæµļλʼһķ˶ϲ
ˣһȥΧ¯ɣνķվ֣ʾ˹ȥ
кμźν˵Ļһ߽
ϰڷһɽ亣ζһӲ˵úķѲǮơ
μ˰Сλ𱰣λ¡
⹫ڳλννһҷֱס
Ǻνơҡ
ȻǺκµĴŮһֻܾĩ
εӣֻǰЦһ㲻Ϊ⡣
ϯ֮󣬳ϸĸвˣ˺νƼһΣ޶ŮĺνƸ˵úϲ£졣
̿ðЦĸ׽ƾչӵֵͣʲôô
С࣬ҵơʱĺκ¿ڡ
ʱμ˾¶˼֮ɫ
үȾƣôͻȻ˺ȾƵ£
֮󣬺æκµơ
Ǻμһãҷǳˣκ˵Ҹһףʡί칫ҸΣ
һԭүΪ˴ӸȾơ
İţֲôϣԭλѾôˡ
ʡί칫ҸΣǿȨģһԼʡ쵼ͬһ칫¥ǰ;
νԡҶĽĿŶ硣
ڻģȨԶǮƸá
ҲǺκ۰ӵԭ
лл֣ƻٺȡνһһԳȡ
ڵλ쵼ﶼ費ϸȾƣеξ档
κЦǺǵĵ;ʡ칫ңӰѾǺμ˵ԺܳһλʡԱ
֣ı£ٹŪʡԱ׾٣νĺνԣûһ䡣
κ۽ǵЦŨˣֿ۴ӵļŮ֮ţϧŮƽӹ
μҵδüںӢ롢Ӣϡ
źκ¿ӺνԣЦԣ⼸Ĺ˾ҵչԽԽ죬ʽʡᣬԲЩʡҵͷ
лл֡νԶЦݡ
֪λ˾˰磬ܽһСҵԪʲľ͡
⹫Ѷ˵Ĺ˾ʡͷȣ֪⹫ʡҵͷһûС




849¡佱
 

κ¿ںνߵĺӢʱ簮
Ӣ۰ӡ
Ӣ밡ֽһЩ˾½㴦㶼ɵúܺãǺμеһκ²ĳ޵
Ӣ΢΢Ƿлүү佱Ӣøá
һںμĽǿɴûүү
ȻҲκ飬ΪӢ̫ǿˣǲò
ǺǣүүκЦúϲ£죬ƣǺϼżʡᣬʡ̽ǲԻûѹ
үү캣ϼţʡһƬ죬Ǻϼſɲ֮ǰϼŲʡʲôѹ
Ӣ䣬ǰȻɫ
ɣҿԸүү㱣֤Ǻϼһ֮ڣʡҵͷУ
ááãκһ˵á
֪ӢԳУ󻰡
ҺӢԺϼһڳΪʡᶥҵνԲûзԣĬ˵κ¾͸źӢĻˡ
뵽μһھܳΪʡᶥţκϿЦ˻
ĿӹĶӺνƣŵСŮϡ
ڴѾãϾղſǱҳ˷ͷ
ҿҲ
̣㵣ι˾ܼ࣬һֱúܺã־ͲˡκЦǺǵĵ
̶ʱˣ֣ǰǸ˾һǧԪĴӣǹ˾ҵüأ
ֵȻ֪û㣬ǺϼҲôʡᣬͽһǹ˾Ķκ֪СŮϲȽϣæһ䡣
ߣŮʱκ²ɵ̾
СŮȻǿɣϹȴǸݵˡ
Һȥ֮󣬼Ҳü̳еŮϡ
ƹ̵ɷ򣬺κµĿӢϣٴθֳ硢۰ɫ
â¶ֱӣȻڲӣƽʱڼ˶֪Ӣǰ;һҲȼƹܹ˾ȨĺӢ
Ӣ壬֮ǰ˵ƶֲӵڰСӵĶӳ֮󣬾ʸʲôʲôǿֱأκ¹ŴƵЦʵ
κһʣ˵ĿӢ۶
бڴ˵ĿĽгݡ
ǳϦΧ¯Ӣ˶ͦΣүүʻһشүүǡ롯ء
Ŷԣ룡κЦǺǵļ˵ǽ֮󣬾ɣ
ǵģүүӢһ˵룬֮ɫһ˿˷ܺڴֻҪͨˣͿԽء
ãүүףɹС࣬ٸҵһƣκ¸֮࣬Ȼٺһ
Ǵĵ׵ĸ˰
һӢ봫˵еġ롱ֱأôλȨƶˮǴߡ
ҺӢŶʮ꣬δ
ʱӢҫ棬˵ѹӢ룬ѹκ´ӺνȨƶпܡ
κٴȾƣЦͶϲˡ
ȻԼλ磬δǱ󰡣
һߵɨΧ¯ˣһ룬Ҷӽ룬μδƶ¹˭ֻ治һأ
Ӣ֮󣬺κڽĿŵĶӺνϡ
һνƣκЦһ֣κź
ʵĶҲΪԸ̫ӲԲͨ
νϼŵɣºϼʵ½Ѻκô˺νһ١
νԾУԼŶӿһҩҵ˾
ֻ⼸ɫκŴȰνƻϼţνƶպκֻա
һúκεľǺν޷һ׮ҳˡ
Ȼʮȫμˣκ²Ķӵ¡
ֻ޿ɿ䣬ֻܾȻ΢Цʵƣҩҵ˾Ӫôɫ𣿡
νƿЦҡҡͷûлش
˼⸱ɫ֪ˡ
֣ͱĸˣǹ˾Ͷ̶ܹˣ˵Ҫգģ̼νһ㶼졣
ȻνҲûзΪ˵ʵ
ǾӪƵ¹˾ٵա
񾭼Ͼ󻷾ã𲽷չ׶ε¹˾˵Ƿǳġ
νǶҵţ졣
ٴαС̳һֱĬųԲ˵ĳ̲סˡ
ˣ㹫˾ôѣҿ԰㡣
һ仰˾һ룬漴·ɵһ㣬˹




850¡ȥ
 

νÿЦá
ղų˵԰ֻôţ
ֻܵڶİˡ
κϵЦٴ֣ԽԽԳ˳ˡ
˽´ţԣκ¿Եû
ڿǴʮϦΧ¯
֮϶ſڴƻƵ˵ʵ̫ûò̫ûйˣ
СĺˣȳԷɡνƼκƺ췢ŭˣæѳҪ˵
ʱȴûͷ˵˵ôˣ˵ϼʵϰͿϼŸ˵Ĺ˾ɣ
ûд⡣ɫ
ЩΪǶЦˣڱﲻסˣ׷Ц
ӢݺݺЦ޼ɵ
κҲûֹǡ
ЩСǾЦŻ֪Լڳڶˣ
ð˵ǳͷˣȻϼź˭أòƳޣʵ˭óڷ
ȴúСڷｻˣֻԺνƼ˵ˣ飬һ˵һ¡
˶֪˵ܣϼŵܲᰣҲʡ̽ϵŮʡ
仰úμһЦø
Ӣҡҡͷ
Ӣ彣ü΢壬
ȴǰ̾һ
Ȼ֪ɡĹϵҲųʡ¾ͷϼжĻȨ
ྲúóԷκ³ûЦ⡣
һүүĻǿЦ⣬ԷȾơ
ĿʱʱǱƮȥ¶ĳŪ֮ɫ
Ϊ⣬ĸвˡ
֣ǲˣûᵽأʱ̲ʱ˵⡣
ղźκ½ννԡһ˹ȥ
֮ᵽνơ
ʼûᵽ
˺ΪʧģϾòײܵҵ룬ϦΧ¯
𣬺ûвСûбζ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ȻԼҶϼŵϯҽʦˮ׸Լ캣дн飬ԾɱȲܡܺСǼҡ
ôҲͷˣ
ܵû⹫һްɣ
һ仰ȫμ˵Ŀ⣬ˢˢһڿ
Ȼչ̷򸾲ٴصũ·ĴҲӡ
ҲûôһֵǮƶûУ
ƶƶˣͷػԶ
κ룬ó޴Ůһңȳ޺νƻѡ
ſ˵СܽϼţҵĹԺ̤ʵأΪ˴³һ㡣
֣֪ˡεЦЦ
ǳ
չóκԶԳܴ
֣ϼǺܺã֪ŴûҵȥϼֻҸʵϰְλһǧù𣿡ɿ˵
κﻹаűҵء
ȻˣҲ˵ûҵʵϰʲô˾ʶ̫ߡ
ٿŮչʵͽģôԾǸľګׯˡ
룬κ»ǿȥˡ
ǺμѾܲܿŴŮųչӼӡ
ɣСϼŵʵϰˣϼϰࡣκºܿһ漴ӣԣСʿߵ㣬չһҡ
֣Сûҵչ涨ǹ˾ʵϰʲóǧ塣νһ¹Ŀ˵
ԴĶûʲôøС
Ƨִ֡ûòУǳνԵȫӡ
ںκҪóϼţ൱ҪǺμҽɳ
ǺνԽܵ顣
νҲƵ뷨ĺμҿɲܽš
ϳɳأᵱ˵
̾Ͳͬˣһκóϼţڵ֣˵ûǼʵϰֻܿǧ幤ʣҸλޣ겻һƸʵϰء
ԡ̣鷳ˣСϼͦõġŬЦ˵
ҲСòɳ
ûϵϼн򣬻Ůܲһλδϱ
˺ôóϼŴְ
̹ε˵㣬ǲ˼ǹ˾ʵϰĹʱȲϼţҲġ
ðЦ
ϼţ˵ôί
ǿЦ
ô룬μȴú˵úе
ΪǵӡǰȻܿϺϼŵʵϰְλ
뵽Ů񣬺κ»Ƕ˵һ䣺СϼʵϰȻ˵㣬ҵԸ㿪нԼҾ˾˵Ĺ˾չǰ;Աϼǿúÿһ¡




851¡绰
 

ˣҲ뿪ϼšܵȴ̺ż֮⡣
úκɫ΢΢һ
̸ܺղ˵ϼŹܲʵϰ⹫ĻǾȡˡ
ȴû뵽һڷ
κڲ˵ֻ۵ӹһĨʧ֮ɫ
ӲɽҲ
֣Ҿ˵ۺϼŰɣͱίˡЦһ
һ̺μҵĳԳӡӲˡ
ӢݺݺԭүүİѳнԼҹ˾ڳԼܾǷ
κ±ννԻкŮ̸Ŀⲻٷŵνƺͳ
ҹڿԲн
뿪λ¡
ߵǰڸʺãȻ󳤱ɷ
һֹ꣬μҵһɾסˣ㳤쿴
ǵһʡڣͼƻҪȥ档
ڳϦΧ¯ǳڲĵң̫ûɽʱ仹硣
һȺΧźӢ롢Ӣλܳļӵܾĵص㡣
ȻǴյһ飬˿ӵһ绰ᰴˡ
֣Ǽҳҹ𣿡ﺬЦʺ
΢ЦӦ֣ҹˣûлһꣿ
ţǼǰͻˣҲճҹ˵ţͻȻеɬˣȥˮͲĸ֪꣬㣿
Ȼ㣬Ҽҽ겻ڰˮ꣬ʡᡣе㾪ϲû뵽᰾ȻһǼҰꡣ
΢΢죺ȥʡˣ԰𣿡
ǣң֪ûϼţʵ
΢һûԭǾ̵ģǿԿǺϼź
ÿˡ΢΢ת䣬ƽʱûʲôˣ˵˵Ĺ˾Ƚѣ˵һ£ҵϰһҵˡ
ԣû⡣᰺ԥĴӦ
ϼŵһСҵһѶȶûС
ҲóƺûʲôøС
ȻǱ߹꣬ʡǰɡ
֪ԼǷĶ̫̫ˣ˴һҪҰ꣬ڣҲΪ˱ʾл
˵˼ЦЦɣҷμҵĵַ㡣
ͨ绰ֽӵطѩhƳΡۡŮİ绰
ǶԼꡣ
Ҳ绰ʺԼˡ
˫̥ûɺݷ򸾼ģ˲¶
绰󣬳΢ҲϢֵ֣ɡʩΰˣ㵺̫̫
ɡᡢ컪ЩУ½Լ캣ʶĸȦԪƴʦˡʡţйĻʸ衢ΣǷŸꡣ
캣еһЩ쵼Ҳ˶ţ⵹óее⡣
Ϊһ㶼Ǳ˸쵼ġ
ﶼʾһҪԵŰꡣ
һһлʾԼڰˮڡ
յؾϢ֮ɵһ绰СʵүڰˮڣҸ꣬ȥأ
ɣʡ꣬Ͳùˡε˵
͵治뿴ôһꡣ
ֻŸĸʡᵽ档
ƶʡỨУڼľǡС
Գʹĸȥͻ
үȥʡ갡е죬ҲǣѾ֪ϼţǶʡһҵͷı
ںλòɵŮܲʡ꣬Ҳ
Ҷϵ绰󣬼㸸ĸ
֪ɺһ׷ת̽ꡣ
ʱ˹
ææҿ˺ܶ绰ຬЦʵ
ҡҡͷҲæôˣ
ģҪȥ棬Ҳһɡ
һĿɨһۺĺμһ
ֻμҵˣĿ⿴Ȼһȥ档
ԼҲû˼Ҳ;ܾлл㣬Ҳ̫ȥ
Ĳȥ𣿴᲻еƣĵ
ڿŵĶǳκﶼġ
С͵㣬ȥɡ΢ЦȰ
Ҳ֪ӶԺμûʲôøС
Ǵģòһңô飬öӺλϤ¸Ҳá
ǣðɡʮֻܹԹĻ




852¡Գ
 

Ǽμ˳ȥģҽҪ˺νβ
ǵô೤棬չԼӡ
վźμ˵Ȧȥ
ʱӢݺݺ˵ɫе㲻ˬ
Ӣ壬ȥֵط棬ҪעⰲȫʱӢ뿪˵
Ӣ΢΢棺Ӣ磬㲻ǳȥ𣿡
ţҾͲȥˣԼһЩϵѡӢ뵭
ΪɫҵţӢ˺μ˵Ȧӡ
ύݵλΣǶǿȵġ
˺Ӣ벻˷ʱЩõóȥ档
ӢӢ˼Ҫȥĵطģôӡ
Ӣ粻ȥ߰ɣӢ˵ţͷ߳š
ʮμ˸ں档
㣬Ҫȥĳ粢еĺʵ
ϴһ˿˷֮ɫӢʶһԳϰ壬ԳʡὼԽȥԳԣ
ԣû뵽μҪȥģȻֻ
ѹܣʹʶǲǼǹ
ǰɡÿɷĻشһ䡣
ֹǹûľѻǹɱ綥ѻҹݺ
˷֮飺һûأӢ˵ԿǹŶ
𣿡΢о档
ղŻΪҪȥԳֻǹҼʹù
ǹĻԾʹ̼ˡ
ֲúǰĺμ˶ô˷ܡ
ȻЩ˶ûǹ˵ֱĺӢ塣
߳ţʮμСʡὼԳȥ
ںĳһ·ĳоɫ
ÿ꣬жٴԱ
ԼһСʱĿĵصˡ
³ǰԳţšƶʡԳӡ
߽ȥ֮󣬳ͦġ
һƬƬ򱻻ֿȦҰӡҰҰõȹ˿ԵС
ڼ䣬Ե˺١
ֻ˿ͣվһԳǰǹ
顢ǹ쳹ҰΧĻɽҰ롣
ѾֹʡὼǴʡԵˡ
ݺݺ㿴ûУǼ˵ǹãӢҲǹԵĹ˿͡
⼸˿һֻСӶš
˺ӢĳЦһ䡣
ݺݺ˳źӢĿ⿴ȥ漴ЦһУȵӢ磬ƵֱԾ԰ٷУ
Ȼ˵ķдӢݺݺ仰ǻǹĻȡ
ȷʵСȦʽĴԶ˵Ѷȡ
Ӣֲζھ
һִвѻǹƾǹӰ˰⾫׼ɱз졣
ԺյսúӢ嵱ƶֲӵڰСӵĶӳ
ýǿСӡ롱ʸֻҪͨˡ
Ӵⲻǳϡͣϡͣʱһλźɫװĸҹӭ
Ӣ忴ˣЦдһ˿Ȼ֮ɫ٣ҴˣԳ档
ӭǳӭΪٵĸҹӣȻ֪ӢʲôһҲҵģԳܽӵĹͣǲ˺ͨ٣λܵã룡
Ӣʮμˣ߽һװҡ
ĿʽװӢݺݺ˵ֱۡ
漴ЩǼ˷֮ɫ
Ҳϵһǽߣȥǽϵһǹ
ΨгɨһȦ󣬱ЩװʧȥȤ
СȥӶŵʱʹõװǲŽȽˡ
٣ȻعҵԳҸǴۣÿֻǧƱʮǹӵٶʮЦݱ۵
ӢͷСǮ⣬ֱӸתʡ
ٷǧ飬ʱ¶֮ɫ
֪Ӣ϶ǹġ
ӢƳ˳һۣǶһվţһ㶼Ⱥ
ʱʲô
٣ģ
һԶܣϦҹġӢﵭĮĻش
ٻȻ򣬸еСӲǺμ˰
ιǮûأǧϽģԳĽе
һʮμ˵Ŀ⳯۶
ǺܿˣӢ֮ǰһֱ±ܲмһˣڲǮҲСء
࿴ķǳⲻȥæ߹˵Ǯɡ
ˡȡֻǽϵĶάһɨ
ܿתǧԪĵ
֮ȡһǹ˳ȥ




853¡ǹ֮
 

ˣʲôݺݺ˸ۣ֪ĻΪˢǧ򣡡
ǣֻһǹװãῴôԣӢżЦ
̲סӢ֮ǰǼǹģ
ۣЦˣôܼǹӢϼмıˡ
ʱ֣Ƚ´ôʹЩװ
˵űһʾδװ
ֿڵôǹٱҶˣǾУûɣ
ӢɫȻĵͷʮμ߳װңһ͵Գǰ档
ֻȦԳҰɽҰõȶڲϱˣЩﶼʮ鶯
ӢվԳǰõǽʹǹ
һ԰վţȻǹɱЩСһȤҲûС
ʱӢƺһ˺ӢĽ⣬Գһֻɽһǹ
ֻɽĴҴܡ
ϧһ㣡Ӣϵɫ˷Щź
Ҳ׷׾ǹòֺ
һǹǶ쳣˷ܣſ˼ǹ־˷ܵĲϷ
ֻôӵȥһֻﶼûɱ
˼ǹ˷ܾ۳ֳɺվţҡҡͷ
߹ȥʳΪʲôԣʱŴοǹеĺӢһֿ꣬ҡͷ޵Ľе磬ҡʲôͷǴò𣿡
ԣǲСֱ˵˵˳
ʱ಻ˬĿ
Ӣһ̲סˣƲǵǹԼôǹǼʶһˮƽ£ҽ˵֮ǰǹء
Ŀ̫򵥣ûȤǹм˵
Ӣ㱻仰
±̫ţˣ
ʱӢ嶼ȥˡ
ȻЩС˵ܼ򵥡
ЩƶУӢԼǹҲһٷС
Ȼ˵Ŀ̫򵥣
ûаھֱ
Ӣ뿪ڽѵһ³֪ͨ˵жѡ
Ӣȿڵ磬Ȼúܼ򵥣һ˭ô
˵̫򵥣ûȤһֲһģ
Ӣðҧһתǹ𻡶ȵǾͼӵͷһˣҪӮһʮ飡
ºӢλ磬ܸȤ˰ɣ
ʮ˺ӵջԺܴ
ԭôӦģӢ֮ǰһټȴҪ͸ʮ飬вЦ֮
ãǾͱһȡ
ڴӦӢӹ֮ɫ
Ӣ磬֮ǰ鷳׼һ¡
һˣӢ뿿ӢæӮʤ
кӢ帨׼ӢǱʤġ
ζĶûڳУΨֵĺӢվںӢߣﻹаʤ㣿
ֹݵĵܵܣӢѾǹӢ߹׼
顱һӵһֻҰ࣬ˡ
ӢһЦľ׼ȣܿͿ
ȻڶǹûںӢİæ׼ãѾǹˡ
ֻĿһǹӵ׼һֻͺСҰã
֮䣬Ŀɿڴǲ֮ɫ
û뵽Ȼ׾٣
ҲζţڶĶʤӮʮ顣
ӢܣллʮͷЦЦĴֻտά롣
Ӣˡ
ʮȫ㻨ǮѹǮ
ȴڽ⣡
һãеģӢǳ
ЦҲӮôˣ
ҡ
ȵȣҺһӢ忪ڣĿ罣עһʮ顣
΢еȷҪұȣ
Ȼǲ˭Ǳ˭ʮӵ࣬ҽ𣿡ӢӢһسӡ
ҳĻʮҲ͵ˡ
԰
Ӧ
˶û뵽Ӧ
ǿǵֱøӢ壬û˭רҵ
±ֵ߹ʺӮʮ飬ȻþգҪͳ
ֻ˵Ӳ̫á
ڿԿӢˡ
ͿԿֱ
ӢǰȻ֮ɫɴľǹ
һֻֻӡ
Ӣֻ׼룬漴ǹ
׼У
ǹеأһغ
Ӣ
ʮμ˷׷׹ƣǳ֮顣
Ӣÿֻ׼ʱ䶼룬ʮǹ
ܹɱ˾ֻֻһֻͺСҰñӵ⡣
ӢҡҡͷԼеź
ʵͽϴҰΪżʧ
Ҳ㹻ˡ
Ӣ㿴˳һۡ
ƾһǹһˣֻܴϵ
ղźӢҲóҰãֻðˡ
вƱͬһˡ
˵ſЦĿУǹ
͸ͫǿ׼Ϸҡ
飡
һǹ𣬳ǧ֮һ׼ʱ䶼ãһ¿ʮǹ
ԳʮֻСӦأ˵°ͣ
ֱǹ֡ǹ֮ı֣
Ӣг֮ɫ
֪ѸҪȫѶжߡ
ǹ
ôǳܹģ
ҲͺӢһš
Ӣǹ˵ϣתͷĵס·𿴵ʲôһ㡣
ݺݺҲ似ǹŻˣ⻹ԼӡеǸ±
֮࣬е׳Ϊʲôɽ᳼ˡ
ǹλм˲°
ʮллӢ塢ӢǹϷʵЦ⡣




854¡
 

ղźӢԼֱóͨˣ˸õܺӢͷͳʮӵ˭
˾Ǽ䲻ƽĶĶ
ֻǺμ˶վںӢһߣûһָвƽ֮
ȴû뵽ʤ˻ǳ
ųһЦЦɫӢɫȴǳѿ
·ôõã˺ݺݴһƵġ
ҪʮĶע
ԺӢ廹˵ҲСĿˣڶ̶ʱھġ
ղĶ˵ĻԺ±ܶҪ̧ͷ
һӢ嵱ת˶ʮ
ǹֱںӢ廹ǲųǹ
ĿڣǹֶҪô
Ӣʱɫˡ
ڳھֱ
һһֱ̳ĺӢһӽȥˡ
ЦֲЦ
ôװƣ
Ӣ岻ٺͳ˵ˡ
֪һЩˣĳרҵϵ츳رǿ
֣ҵõǹѵĻᣬһֺǹ
Ӣ忴ó׼֮⣬ȫȫһͨˡ
ͨǿ׳⣬˫Ƥϸ壬ûϼ롣
Ҳ˵ֱкǹƥ֡
뵽Ӣĵľ泹ʧˡ
Ͼǲаһֱһ֧СӵĶӳ
һ츳ͨ˿ɱȣ
ûӢôࡣ
ղŵʮǹǵ̫ˡ
ЩμƽʱӵӰЩԱǹĿס
ֱԼԿǹδƫĿüףŷֿǹĿǷǳѶȵ顣
ȴһʮֻ
úμʮˣôӳˡ
ǿͳž롣
ΪһԵ˺Ӣ塣
ʶ˳ǹӢݺݺ˶ʧȥǹ¡
Ӣ磬ɱСûʱӢˣӢǹɱΣĿģҾͨǹٺãΣĿ꣬׼ȾԶԶӢ
˺ӢĻ֪һߴӢ壬һ߰
ҶúӢĻ޵
һ£һͨǹٺãһͷͻпǹ
µˣ
˵ǹ׼
սḻĺӢ壬κΣջ½ұֶΡ
רҵ֣ҵֵࡣ
ӢıͶԳǹ䲻
õô˵̾뵽ͳɱΣ
ƬԳȦȫº͵СҲҰȽйԡ
ʱԳɽ֮Уһ޴ǹ
Ұ޵İ
Ӣ磬ǵĽɣӢ˷ˡ
Գﻹǣ
һ档
Ӣ˵ͷ
һͷֱںС
Գɽڿǹǣ
Ӣ˾
Ҫͳǣ
٣鷳һ¡ӢԲԶĺװ֡
ֻٿֻĻһЦģƺڸŮѻƵͨ
ӢֻùرֻĻ˹
٣ôˣӵ𣿡
ǣԳǣӢиڴ֮ɫ
һ΢΢죬ѹصЦ٣ȷɱǡ๷ȹԶͨ˿Ϳš
Ŷ˭ԣӢʵ
ٴѹսͶƬɽ˽ܽȥԵĶǼѡ
Ӣ¶ȻɫԭͶʵģֲͨ˿Ͳܽ롣
ɲͨ˿͡
٣ҵĽ飬ô˵ҲǺѰɣӢٵļ
ٶʱ׺Ӣʲô˼ˡ
Ȼλμүȥɽִԣ
٣鲻̫ð찡ҪԵϰ岻ˣɾͲͶҵԳˡٿǿЦ
ӢͻȻЦ⣬ޱĿڣ٣ҼǵǹҶҵݣٱԳ˽ɱĻ
Ӣвٵɫˡ
ͨвٻᵱָŴſöԷȥ
ϾؼܿԳҲйӲĹϵ
Ӣ岻ͨ٣ֱ
ټϺӢĶʡ쵼
㱳һвԿɾʹˡ
٣ǵĽǻ˵ֵܻףУǵĻʹȥЦ
Ӣĵͷһõ֡
ȥ




855¡ύ
 

ʮμ˵ܽȥɽǣ¶˷֮ɫ
ҲһЩеź͵ǡ
᲻ΣհһʮСʵ
ӢڣʲôΣգӢɫܼѾȲҪȥˡ
͵ĸԱû¸ϲѰ̼
ɱҰʲô˼ǲȥĻҿɾ͸Ӣȥˣ
ҲҪȥ
ݺݺϷ˷ܵɫ
ʵǱȽϺµģҲͺӢһѰ̼
ӢͺݺݺҪȥ˷׷ײ
ȥĻᱻΪǵСԺڼʱʱҪóȡЦ
Ըصĺ࣬Ҳֻˡ
ӢƵĿ˳һۣȻɽַȥ
һ
ȻǺ£ùȥ
Ⱥμ˴ԣԼһֻŮ΢š
ûиԸӢͣ½ŲתŪʵô
μ˷׷׻ͷ
Ȼһ˵Ҫǣ±ֵܾˡ
ôǹٺʲôã
磬㲻Ӯ˶ʮ򣬾Ͳһ˰ɣӢżһ䡣
Ϊ˵ʮʲôֻûȤ԰ˡ
ûȤҿǲȥأݺݺҲ̲סЦ
ľԶЩľ磬ᱻ䳰ĻＤŭ
һעʮҲӢĿų
ȥǣΪĿġ
Լһس棬˳óӮֵǮ˫
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ൣǾ֮࣬ûʧȥǣóֻ120оȻ
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٣ӮûУСŮѴԵ̷άӢҸղſȻȥǳ淢ʲô顣
ӢȻܲˬǶԴ̷άҪڣعͷ˵٣ȻӮˣҵļõˣȥҽԺ
Ӯ˾ͺãٺ٣̷άһӮʮ泩׼Ϻĳ̽еιСӣװǲǣϽתʮ򣿡
ղſӮˡĻӦ
̷άһ漴ŭСӻˣ̷֪֪£Ųűүһ仰ҵ
ɵһ̷άһۣҡҡͷ
̷ֻάһ仰֮ǰûתʮĻϣ㲻ڡ
ղȷʵӮˡ
Ⱥֵʱ򣬳ȺӢٶȸɱʮͷҰǡ
ԲŻԺ˵Լӵ
ֻǵʱ˶ڼȾ֮У˭ҲûעӮ˶Ķʤ
㣬ɡӺƿڴ̷άԺ˵
ԥ£˳ӡ
ҲӢͳ˭ӮˣȥҽԺҪ
ݺݺȻҲ˺ĳ
ղŵ֪ȴûǰˣҰߵʱ
ԳǺˡ
ֿԾ١ˡĲӿһ󱨸ĿС
㲻ǰˣ̷ү군ɣ
Ӣǵøࡣ
һ١ٶĵ٣˵ʱǣǺμ̷ҡϼŵĺ
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Угһ仰ҺܷģԺǾѣ
̷ά仰úӢһϲ
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ϳӣӢͷҽԺȥ
˵ĺμˣȻ͵ʡṫҽԺ
ҽԺ⣬˳⹫ûйμҳˡ




861¡ٺ
 

Ϊ˱⸸ĸģڳϾ͸˵绰˵Լû£øĸҽԺ
ҽԺȻԭġ
ͬʱԳ
һ߽СŮѴԡһ߿͵̷άӵһ绰
绰̷άɫ΢΢һ䣬̷ǹ
ͨ绰̷άɫùά磬ʲô𣿡
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̷άȻ֪˵еĳ
һ̷ҹ磬κүӵˣ̷ҽ˷ǳǿĵˡ
˵λ̷ҵĴˡ
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̷ֻάһֱûеüĻᡣ
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μʲôϵ
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һʣ̷άͷ֡
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̷άƽ˵Ѿ֪μˣûǺϼǸμңںμҹꡣ
һ£̷άЩֻòˡ
ղμҵˣкӢԶܣʲô
ѵǷʮԪСӣͳݹϵ
̷άˣ벻Ȼλı
ʶԣ̷άԼԳμ˺ͳ飬˵̷ά
άôôƽ̷ά񣬶̲סˣǶ̷жλ
ʲô
̷ά۾ɵϴſý
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̷άû뵽Լ֮УȻѳˣ
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̷άҶϵ绰̷άֻ䵽ϡ
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֪Լˣ׶༪ˡ
磬ô𣿡ߵСŮ
̷άžһ˦СŮϡ
ҹ
ŮһƴˣȫΪʲôٷô
̷άصԼıҵĿ뿪Գ

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ӢڼѪ
ĸҲǳĴ裬Ĩᡣ
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̸ʲôμ󼪴˸գ
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һЩĺμҸŮĸǻֲ̿
ʮμҳѪ֣֮ҪʲôõĴ顣
˭ΣվνɨһȦμˡ
ǿСõĶӺӢ塣
λǺӢͷ֯ġ
νźӢΪֱ鲻ôçײֳôĻ¡
μˣȨȴûкӢ
Ҫڣֵúμ˸Ҳʡ
Ķ˻ԡ
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˶ԺνǺܾηġ
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ԵǺӢĶںӢڼԲѣҲ޷˵
ʱһŮӵ
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֮䣬˵Ŀ۶
в졢𾪡зŭмǺޡ⣬Ҳг׵ʧ
νɫüҪγˮλߵߵǰ
ɵģνŭʵ
ʵѾ˺ݺݺĻ
Ҳóν˼ֻǶһʰˡ
飬޹ءֲ̣κĻش
˵˵ŮࡢӢȵġ
ûг֣ӢͱҰǿеʣˡ




862¡ߵڰ
 

кݺݺҲ㱻Ұȥһ١
ҲǳȻˡ
ݺݺѪˡ
μҲûһվ˵
ֻʣһƬ⡣
νҪԳʱŮ࿪ڵ֣鲻ǳĴ
ŮΪ⣬ν΢΢һ㵡
ĵܵڼ˲ѣǴ˴¹ʵףӦò绤Ŷԡ
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ҪǳĻӢҲôصˣ
ݺݺĻڰ𣬸Ļᡣ
ȺݺݺͣЪ󣬺࿪ڣҡ
㣬Ӣ׵ܰҪվڳ𣿡ݺݺİʾˡ
ȷʵڵߵڰףڳҲ֪ڵߵڰס
˵ĻѵҪüǰ;ĺӢ壬е
ͨͨƵȥ
ʮμˣĬûվԺݺݺ
Ӣ廹͵Ŀ˺ݺݺһۡ
Ǻã
μҵĳѾ˺ݺݺĻ
ԽԽһ˫˫ŭ۾˹
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μ˶ͷϣȥǺݺݺĻϲˡ
Ⱥ鼤ߣ඼ʧȥ˸
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˿̳ľ÷ǳǳĿЦ
ԺݺݺķҧһڣûнͣҲý͡
һֱĳɼܴ
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ˣһǾ仰޹أŲţǾ¡
仰ںνѱĵͱ֡
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ƣҪһ⡣
ȻʱһӰǰ
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磬㲻ܴС¾ԲĴ
֣ͷˣ治ǳܵĴؼҸ͡νվҲٴθˡ
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ƣ㲻ֶŮݺݺôֶӣѡųνƷ£ĳʵ
νҵɹһֱûеõνء
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νҲˣÿôѵ
ŮݺݺҲ˲СˣȻվţ׵ļԼޱȳ谮С˳ȻҲǷŭޱȡ
޲ý
ĸ磬ǺμҶӾôά׼Ǻμ𣿡̵Ļ˵ء
ȻĶӺӢ˲ء
ǺӢղѾ˵ԳܵϰͷҰǵΧ
Ƕôյ飡
ӿɲͱˣ
̶ԼԸơ
ҲǸ˼ֻݺݺ˵̫ҲΪСˡνԼλֵܵȻеûףǼΪ⡣
ˣνһŭУִŲɵϣƣѵ㻹𣿳СжӢĶⲻʲôǣ£
ǡ
ν⣬νͻȻȵˣ
Ȼôάãʱó
ν˵ţĿŵνĳϡ
ãϦڼ䣬ҺμҲκӵܶüҹ棡
죬һҪ㸸ĸ
νĻ˵÷ǳء
Ϊ漰μҵδС
ʮӡǰ;õĺӢ壬㶼ûˣ
ܲ
׷ŭ˵زӿС
ֻܵȸ󣬻ؼһ׽͡
νƵѳһ
ͬʱŴ֮ǰѳһߡ
ˣлл㡣ˡ
ʼöԴ˵˵ʲô
ΪԼͦǱлġ
Ժν治ɫһƵӡ
⵹һںμ˰졣
׷⺢ǰͷȱ
ûпĺϷӢ塢ݺݺǰϧ
ˣҽԺҼ䲡Ҹβ
ĻһȻ




863¡κþ֢
 

ʱˣŸνƾ֢
Ŀģ
̴̲֮סЦĸ磬СɨβС±ӶӾ
Сö˲˫һ˺һۡ
Ѻ̵ɵ̲ס
㡢Ż˭أ
ҡҡͷȫûӦĺνƣ¥һò
βǳҽԺԭΪ֪˿϶ҽԺ˳κþ֢
Ŀͳ¥ӢͻȻһ¡
裬ǻԳ̷ҹ̷άˡ
̷үˣҼǵӢ;Ǵѧͬѧɣǰһæʵ
ννԵĿҲӢ忴
̷ңʡ壬μһֱĶҵ彨ϵ
ǵģʱӢǹȥٴкӢ˵ţͻȻǺ;ĵúúõģҲӦ̷ҺǼСһ°Ѿٵˣ
ʲô
ννԻк̾Բ졣
̷֪ܺҺĻᣬжôѵã
һǣߣ̷ҾǵǶʡᶥһ
ǾȻóƻˣ
ʱҺͳȴԣѹʮ򣬽Ӯˣȴžٵ˲ӢͼӴ׵˵
ʱѺνð
һûµȻҶĵô󣬻̷үˣ
ֱ֪ûˣ
ҵ̷үǺμʧԪ̻
˶ú̸ղ˵ûǻѵɨǣǺμҵģ
Ӣ壬أνΪܣ˿̾еţµʱٷ߶ȥٸǺμӡ
ӢһҵĿ˵ҸٵǸֻ֤ʮ򣬾ٲûôҳѡ
Ӣ壬úܺãڣȻҪСӻˣνԴ˿Ҳҡ
ͬʱĸһĨϲɫ
̷ܸҴߵĻǺϼʡҵضϣ
ߣȥﲢóʮ򣡡νԵ־ĿȻٰѳˡ
òʮ򡣡
ȴ
Ͼһҿ̫ˣóʮӡ
òĻǮ٣֮óǩһͷͬϼŴǮνܿ˾ϡ
˫Ŀһƽʱӹû뵽һ־ô
Ѿڿÿֻһ΢ʣó򹤼ʮ궼ʮ
¥ĳ䲡
ȡ룬Ҫνβ
СβνƼЯ룬о档
΢΢һЦˣԳ㶼ңѵһβ𣿡
ðɣѰҽβþ֢ɲκõġν̾˵
ʼɡ
Ҳͣúνƿ·¶С
ʵͿˣνƵĲ֢پȺ֢Ҫεöࡣ
Ϻν겻СƵѶȾ͸ˡ
ǳͨĴ̼νƵ¸Ѩλע¾ӶνƵľ֢
ܼ򵥣ȴִҽѧ޷쵽顣
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ͺˣνֻоСůĺ֮Ҳûʲôرġ
ѵĸʩ룬ӽԺͿ
Ц˲ŵĻҽһ¡
ãνϸּڴ֮ɫ
˴Ӳ¥ϡ
ǴʮֵҽμΡ
νһںμùĿ⿴ˡ
ǿɲȥСʱκúνƵľ֢
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ţѾκˣ֪
ƽϵĺμ˶÷ǳ
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ֹʮӣҽźνˡ
ֻνһż鵥ɫϲ߹ıס
Слл㣬ҵĲıκˣ
ʲôԣԾ
̸ǲŵĿ첽߹νļ鵥ɴ۾ϸĿ
ȻûȻԱߵҽ˼˵̫ˣνǰҽԺ֢ʱǶ϶޷ƣû뵽Ȼκã
ҽô˵˶òźνƵĲĺˡ
ǼĿˢˢ˹·һİˡ
⻹ʶĳ
һλСҽ
Ⱥνɿס˫ۺ󣬺˵ǳʲôаƫ϶к֢
ݼνӦòʲô֢ҽĻֻһͣȴд˺̵
̻޷ֻܹܳشʵ˵˷ԭҽôΪʲôӢȣݺݺ˵⺦Ӣ
仰úνŭٴαǣɫ˼㡣
ǰӶûˣΪʲôҽʱȴ֣
Ӣȡ
΢УźâĿӹν֮󣬶ں̵ϡ
ŶˣС̣ʵһŶûȵ֡




864¡
 

˵һŶ̶ʱ˫ûɵķ
漴̶Сǲǣ
ں˵ʲô̵ĶӺӢҲȵ
ɲǿЦ飡
˵һ˳˶ⲻǵͬǸ
μҳҲһõĵų
Ϊκ˺νƵĲͿˣ
һ̩Ȼ֮ɫĮС̣Ų㣬ֻһ¡
ˣҪ泤˶һڵĻôûκ쳣֢״Ӣ纬ʵ
ЦЦ­Ҳֺ֣ܶЩ༴㵽ҲӰ죬һЩϰͷͷΡʶϰˡ
Щ֢״ͨΪСصȥȫ飬һֶʱѾˡ
ɫ䡣
ȷʵг˵Щ֢״ֻǺ΢ƽʱԵͷʹҩ֮ľΪûˡ
˵Щ֢״­ĻǿǼص⣡
̻ǾóŻĿԸ
Լ뱲ӷ˳ôͻȻ˶
裬СϹ˵һֱܽӢ԰ο
ʱҽˣҽΪĻһȨԣҲλŮʿһԲCT
˵ɫˡ
Ϊ˵ҽҽԺҽġ
ںμ˿λҽĻȨԱȳǿ̫ˡ
֮̾£ڳǰʧӣҲֻܶҽ˵鷳ҽ顣

ҽִźȥԲCTˡ
ννԵȺμҳ˿̶е㲻ÿ
Ǻμǰƽ˶ǻһ¥
Ǵʮģʮӵܷ׷ˣкƳ
ԲǸͷ
ûܸ˵
СûĻΨʣνĶų
̲ס΢΢һЦûⲻǸ𣿡
㡭
νЩѪˡ
˶磬СĲֵáνԱȰ
νغһתͷȥٿһۡ
ֹ˶ʮң̸ҽˡ
ע⵽̵ɫ׵üѪɫͫײϵ΢
ˣ
һҵϢŮʿѷ֡Ƶ԰ҽһźĿ˵
һ䣬ЩվסҪ̱ڵء
裡ӢæȥסԼĸס
ʱ˵鶼ǳ𾪡ء
û뵽汻˵ˣ
ѵҽ浽һ۲ˣ֪ˮƽ
ҽ԰ӦκðɣǮ⡣Ӣһ˿С
ҽǿһЦӦϣ
޵Ļ˵ˡ
ӢԺ˵̫ģҽ˵ϣҽѧֻҪǮ֢ܶκá
ֻܵͷԹ޵Ŀ˳һۡ
ͱȽţϲݷ
ھΪԼ԰Ϊɨǳֲŵµģ
˺ĺ壬ЦһС廹޿ɾҩˡ
ҽ˵ϣֻǰοĻѡ
̣һסԺƾҺͽԵҼҽ⡣νƶ
ȻⲡϣƾǺμҵǮƣβ
ʱҽҲˣһſھ˵ӢѾȶ
鷳ҽȻҶӻؼҡν˵ӢûΣգһ
ǼҵҽˣȴΪ죺ӸոϣûסԺ졣
ˣҶһҪڼǺμҹĹءνһݷĿǵ
ҽøӾ档
ʲô⽨ŵĹأȲ˵ĽҪ
Ҳ˵ʲô̷ԸȥͺӢԺ
һںμ˷׷׿뿪ҽԺ
ϺνƵĳʵˣǼҹʲôأ
⹫ʹ˹涨ģϦʹһкμһãҹҪӭı͡νƱ߿߽͵
ԭˡ
΢΢ͷֲú̲νȴһסԺԼĶ̳Ժ
Ե֮󣬳ʮֿЦֹ̫ˣ
ѵϦһﲻһõĻͻʲô˳
ȫܵ顣
صμұ־еıƻͨ
һںμ߽󣬳Լĸĸ⹫ţɳϵȴȥʮֵǡ
ôˣκ¼ǻʵ
νش֣˲أӢʧѪ࣬ѾѪȶҽͻˡ




865¡ɺͳ
 

ǾͺáǾͺáκɫԻʵô£ȥԳôֳӣ
˵꣬ĿŵδӳȥĺӢϡ
Ӣ嵱úݺݺ֮ǰ˵κ½һ顣
ʱκƤ죬㷸Ѫѹˡ
ָ΢ָų㡢㡭
νæ߹ϸıһº
֣ıӣȹ꣬㡣νʮĮ
óչʮľȴȫš
С㴳ĻǵĿԼĶӡ
¶ɵ΢Ц裬¸ҵĴٸͰϸ˵
չһŷ
ǵȻѡŶӵĻöӲΪѰ̼˺ˡ
⻰ȴúκµĻ˲š
㡢Фô֤ҺƭĸκºüŭĿѵҪǽϦѵ㣡
ԭκ²ڴʮŭѵǷġ
ںκ¾Լסû֣Ѿܺˡ
֣СµˡС
κ°˰֣˵ˣ֪۰ӣûǿΪˣ´ٴȫԡ£ӭӱͣ񣬼ǵӴװ
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κʱҲû˵Լ԰顣
ʮһҹμ˶˯ò̫ȡ
ڼӢһΣ֪ԼԺ飬ҲѳǺˡ
޳ûǰʹôصˡ
ڿͷĸԳ顣
չ֮̾
û뵽ǵĶôܺμҴ
СһǾ߰ɡչ
ʵҲܲ
ںκǸһǴƶŮ
˳չܳĺμҪóֱˡ
ɲܵʲôͷöӽʮ
û˵Ĭɷ顣
˵ͷʵΪ˸ĸˡ
ֻǳ֪ǳϧ飬ԲŸμһӡ
ڶһ磬ȫμԡ£۳˶װŮӵĴҲʽ
һ˵ǺμΪӡ
һǰ꣬ҫμʱ
ʵ֮ǰЩͶǷּģ֪μҵĹغ󣬱㶼Լ׳һ
ҽνϼżʡᣬǰı;Իࡣ
Ӻκ¡νȳӢˣһȫ棬ڿȴű͵ĵ
λԵµӵܣӭ
ֻкӢΪڷϢ˯ûг
ûдװҲóȥ˸˺νƽһף̫
һںμ˸ӱˡ
μҳҲðҡͷ
ôشӣԼװûС
ɺͳ
ôĿ⣬Ȼѡӡ
ʵ;ˣ᰹ͺһĸȥ棬ܴ￴Щμҫʱȡ
ܿ죬һ͵Űꡣ
һװеķ׳߽
ܣ´֣ϲƣ˽󣬶ЦݶԺνʺ
ò£֪˿϶ϼҵϵĳλܡ
ܽô꣡νŸ˴к
λǺϼŵһӦֻ̣мǧ򣬻ûʸúνӭӡ
ҲκβЦݵʺ˺κ¡ν̡
߰һλλܸģ
Ǹμν԰ġ
ѺνԸ˵ú棬ı
ĶӺӢǹɫ
νΪΪ
ǺμҰģֵЩ鰡
ȻҲмλǺ̽ύҵѡ
һɨҹ֪Լ԰ʮֿĵİԼύļλӭӽ
ͬʱԼҶӺӢλʶ
֪Ӣֱ֮󣬼λʶ̵ĶӣǺμǰ;ˣ
̵֪ɷ׸ģԺӢĸգӢ롢ݺݺֵܽƣڵĺμˡ
Ҳ˵ӢδȫʸִƺμҴȨ
˼׷ײĿ佱ӢΪǰ;
¶Сһһۣ˼˵ҶӱӢ뻹Ҫ㣡
ӢɫƽȣǵЦȴе㽩Ӳˡ




866¡չ
 

ȻӢƽʱӢõܿϵʵһֱڰϾ໥Ƚ˭չøá
Ӣӹܺϼ뻹кü꣬ӢȴҪˡ
˵ķչٶһȽϣӢ֪Լһ
٣˵㼴ֲӣһ͹Ӷţ˾űֽأһЦ˵
ӢɫȻĵͷûƾһս˵ѾΪֲӡ
䣬·ԼѾ롰롱һ
뵽ԼδǻǿӵֱзŹ⣬Ժޱȡ
μ˶ԺӢʮĽݵӣȴЦһ
Щμ֪ʱӶţֻθ룿
ʱչ񶼾öӱȥˣӢʵ̫ɫ
ǾþȢᰣδƹϼţҲѺͽ뻪ǿֲӵĺӢȡ
֪Сȥͺˡеϧ˵
ʵҲͦĽСüҳ˸ֱͬʱԼӵĵ츳ȺӢ
̲ס¶ݸɫ
裬ֱҲûʲô˲ģҵ
˲ġмĿ⣬·ɵһ㣬۶
㵱Ǹµ𣿡̲ļ
ΪӸ˽أ䲻ðһ仰һ¾͹ˡ
ЦЦ˵ҵ̹ܽҶõ˵ʲôֱ
˻һμ˺һڱȫ㵰Ρ
СӴţҲ̫û˰ɣ
̹ܽ٣ֱǳ˵Σ
ˣС룬²ôס
ֲһ䡣
ʱϵЦ⽩Ӳ˼֡
Ӣֱǰһģͨ뿼ɣʲôĳ
Ӣŭӳ
СΪԼǹˣͿƲ
֪ΪֱСӳʵжǿ
κ¡νȺμҳҲɫ̫ÿ
ô͵棬ʴʡ
˵
ϽĶӵĸ첲ʾ˵ˡ
Ļɴ۾˲ͬɮ
׼ĺκ£һǻŭȫ˻ȥ
ߣ㻹װʲôʱ򣬵˳ģ޵ģݺݺһ䡣
ʱ½½ʮС
ȻǰǧĺϵЩСӵĺμҳɫ֣
׳Сʡ쵼ˣ
ֵӸλĺνչ
С쵼Ǻνѡ
Ȼûһ֡Ķ쵼ʮ˶ڸﵣҪְ
ȨƲС
μҳȫʮλ쵼ӭӽ
νԸЩ쵼衣
ϲθ쵼Ƿ׷ףأνӡ
Ҳֻе˺νּ𣬲ڴһԵŰꡣ
ν費ȴȣ쵼ǽ̸ٲȻΪμұס
һ̺νưѺνԡҶѹȥ
ӢδܳΪҵ뢣Ӣܽ롢ΪеĴ쵼
ںμҵλߵģǺν
ҺνЩ˺ͨ
ƿغμҴȨʮʮꡣ
μұͻ½½
һ߽ӴһϷʰ㿴˺νơһۡ
ĸƹ˾ٵգ˶ûһˣ
ڴһңׯںϹͲĶӣʲôꣿ
ڰˮ¼Ҵеġ
ƶʡᡣ
ʹеϵģҲר̸ꡣ
ΪȫûҪûô
Ǻμңָ쵼Ҫͽᡢֺá
овǴ׳иġ
ԽԽ泩·Լ԰ǵˡ
ǶִĿԡԵİȫۡ
ֻ˺νƾͲͬˣŷǳΡ
ʱмӦ̸꣬ųӡ
Ȼһû
ԤʾĹ˾ķƮҡȥˡ
Լľ֢κã뵽νԺת
ƴ磬ҸˣͻȻ⴫һӵ
תͷȥһʮꡢе˽
νƵӭȥϵܣˣ
λϵº󣬺νƱһ
̿òЦ
ϵãǺνƵһλӦ̣п׶ţũ壬һũкרڴռţèʺ֮Ķ㣬ƳҩģνƵҩҵ˾
С⣬׶ţһûС
ܺǺϼŵЩͣҼǧڵϰȣ
νƻôӭӿ׶ţԽԽúЦ




867¡ΪЦ
 

ۺκ¡ννԻǰıͣûһλԿ׶ţۡ
νȴܸжԼһֱչ˿׶ţ⣬ũӣġ
ϵܣһҴһҡνЦǺǵĸ׶ţܳչ
׶ţĸչʺһ
ҽúܣ
ν˵仰׶ţͷȴȫȻš
̫ˣ»ûҵҽ鶼ûУҽȥ
ҽϸôƽһӣ
Է򸾺һһũˡ
ǵĶܳϢȥ
ϸ磬Ǻμôϰ壬Ҳҽһ¡׶ţԳһҴкֱӺˡ
ǶЦݿĸλϰ塣
ܸЩϰ죬Ͳڴʺˣ
νɫ΢΢ȻϵܣЩϰҹ˾ûкϵҲǺ졣
Լȥʶϸɱ⡣׶ţ˵վߵһλϰǰЦǺǵĵλϰãǡ
߿
׶ţδ˵꣬νԾͿںֹȻνƣ˼ˡ
úνƱÿ׶ţӰͺϼŵĴͻ̸
׶ţ˸ŸͻȻЩȫǶӡ֮ɫΡ
һ̿׶ţ࣬ͷ߻غν¡
ʵ̫ˣ
Щϰ
̲סЦһ
׶ţҲԼʲôΣ
ʹһһ𣬲ʵġ
׶ţϰǿԼҲϳһҡ
ֻ㬵ţѰ˼ٸϰǵƬ
׶ţεľٶóҡͷ
һ¾ͽ׶ţΪ˿úˡ
νҲʮΣǸĿ˳һۡ
֮ʮûеڶ͸νưˡ
ΨһĿ׶ţΪЦ
ѾȥҪֻᰴ绰
ʱӭһμͻȻҴҵܽһ˷ܵĽеܣ
ʱһ档
νԺ˲ϰ֡
Ǻϼŵҵ飬ûĸǿܵİ
Ǳ߸ܣ쵼Ὺǧܡ
ɻʱ߽һòĴŮ
Ůޣһǧֱ̬֮ߵһǰչ¶΢Цĸǰˣ
һĻ𾪵°Ͷˣ
ⲻǡⲻϼŵܲã𣿡һϰѿڶ
һˣϼܲãȻһҰꣿ
һʱ䣬˶ΪԼ۾˻þ
᰹Ůи޾ľϲ
δϱȻǰ꣡
չ򸾶ʱܳе޴ˡ
ᰵվ˵ȻˣǾͳȥɣ
΢΢졣
ȻҪȥ
Ǹ֪ˣںμ
Щ˶Ҫء
裬߰ɣЦЦѻûعĸĸɳ
ȻᰣҪ߳š
ȵȣǲ׼ȥκ֮УҪߣ̺ǳ
عͷޱĵ⹫ģֻǴҰŮȥͻ뿪ʡġ
ҲǸ˼Ҫͣǲ뿪κµʱ
Ҿ֮ǰ
һ仰ĸ߳ᰵķܿ쿪μұС
ʱ˲Żع
ϼŵܣ
ôꣿ
ղų˵Ůѣ
ܰɣʲôЦ
ڿ׷
˵ϣд𺳡졢ţָɫ
ݺݺͻȻڣǲϴ˰ɣôݵõϼŵŮܲã
Ļܶ˵ͬ
£
ʵ̫ˣ
ʵμ˶֪ᰳôνԡӢ븸Լ̣Ǻϼŵĸ߲㣬ȻעʡҵŮʵš
ڳôϰ壬Ȼ󲿷Ǵ׳йģҲڲƾֽϿᰵƬ
ǾԼӦòῴղŵŮᰳһģһ
ֻǸղһĻ̫ʵˡ
ںμԼڶͿϼŵܺСӳȫ
ѧ߲ҵӢӢ붼һԼ׷õᰣȻᰵѣ
ȳʡνɫе㸴ӡ
ᰵĻòĵλˡ
ѹ֮飬Ӵǰı͡
ĲϵĸԼղǸŮᰣԼˣ
ϣ΢΢ε˵ܶң꣬Ҷ˵ˣ齨һ΢Ⱥʱ֪ͨĶأ
˵Űֻݸ
ӹһᰵ΢öһ΢ȺֽϵȺ
Ȼ캣СԼеĴ
̲ס죬ɫݸ
õô¡
ˣȥУ˭μҸҰǵţ
ðɣ㡣һЦ֪ǳݴһ
᰺͸ĸǰеʱһμұȥ




868¡½ֵ
 

ʡᣬμұ
Դᰳֱ뿪֮󣬺μ˽ӴʱеĲɡ
νܱɫȻλ쵼̸
νԺͺˣԺвϸָղᰳֵһĻ
֪ϼʡ̽ĵλѾΪͷ֮һ
һѹԶšʢҡ
ǵĺϼܹϼʽϵĻ
νԡͻȻеڣ֮ǰǲǶ˵㣿
νЦ⣬ͬʱĻܾ档
ϣģǴ˵еλʡ̽Ůʡ
νߵĿ׶ţȫˣڻûع
ʱһʮСܽڴǰ˵һС˵ϼҰˮ׸½֡
СӤʱھͱμҴ׳Уֻ˵½ֵĴȴûˡ
νȺμҳһ½ˣ¶֮ɫ
ԣʲôʱͳ½ҵģνҲ룬Ϊ½ܰġ
νһԻ󣺡Ǽûͳ½ֺ
ҿİɣ̿ˣϾǺμҲǰˮģʡᣬ½ô飬ƾͶ罻顣
һֻܽ͵ͨ
һȫϼẉ̂ǺμҺ޹ϵƾʲôʡǰꣿ
˺̵Ļνν뵽½ǲҲҪʡ⣬ȺǺμҴùϵ
ҳȥһ°ɡνվ
½ֵļѾѹڳˣνԾǱڵĴͻԲܵ
ߵſڣνԾͿ½ִŶӳº߹
ܣö겻ˣν¶òЦ⡣
½΢Ц׵㡢Ǻεģ
ܺνԣҲǺϼŵĶ³νһλˮ׸Ǹġ
ʡί칫Ҹζ֪ˡ
ޣԭǺܰã½ۺʱ˵ЦǺǵġ

νԵѳ½֡º
ĺμҳһڱͣղŵ֪˳½ֵĴ˷׷׶ʺк
½΢ЦͷӦɨһȦ¶Ȼ֮ɫ𣿡
λνĵʱһ¡
ͻȻое㲻Ծ½ֽû꣬ʲô
Ǻμҵ½ƽ׵һ仰·ڿһذը
ܣҳģνԵɴ۾ŵʵ
½ֺЦ˵ǰꡣ
ʲô
ʱĿɿڴ
̼İˮ׸ȻǺμƲ꣬ôܣ
ǳ½Ե׿˵û˻顣
ܣôˣǲǳȥˣ½ֲΪʲôЩ˶һ𾪱顣
νŬشոճȥˡ
һ̫ʧˡ½һģ˾治ѡ
·λˮ׸Уĵλǳ֮ߡ
ȻΪٵ
ʱ̲סʵܣôꣿʲôҲûа
Ǻǣºܴ󣬲ΪǺμҶ֪ˡ½Ҳܲ졣
Ӻμƺе㿴ء
⵽ô£
ʲô£ͷ·èצʹӡ
̫Ϊʲôó½ˣ
½ֻѹס͵ҽֻشϳҵȻģ
һ˸ˡ
ԭȻȹ½ֵ
Ͳѽͳ½ΪʲôӰˮʡᣬˡ
ǺСҽνЦݡ
˲ȫμ˻顣
СʱκúνƵľֻ֢۽𾦰ָ̻԰
飬Ѿˡ
½ǰ꣬˵һúμ˲òţԭҽĺֻܸһЩаƫ
ֲ˸ɻ
ᣬѧôҽ
κ˸صͦ
ν뵽࣬㵱绰ȫ
˵ϼϯҽʦ
Ȼҽô˵Ļͺܿģ
ϸղᰵĳ֡
νȥ
뵽½ֵţֻǸ꣬Ǹμ֮ꡣ
һúνе㲻
ܣʳʲôʱ½Ҳܺμһ𾪵ıˡ
ֻ꣬лľ֮
ĸȥˣӦ֮ǰͻҪҴ绰νԿڡ
ó½ɲܱ
˲ˣȻĸȥ棬ţܴų¡½æ˵




869¡λ
 

½仰˸
ðˮ׸ȻһҲöԳֵزɣ
ƾʲôݺݺСֹһ䡣
仰˵˵
ҽԺҽ߳ҽÿ첻֪Ȼٲˣǲ˵еĴҲҽ𾴡
˶Գ½ֵΪˣ϶ǮƳлٰѳ𳤾
½ҪȳμҲ˵ʲô
ν½֡ººʱӭСܽˡ
ֻһκμСɫȴŻ̿֡
ʲô£νʵ
С촽˵׳еĽϴ󡢻캣еϴˣ
ʲôνһվ
׳С캣еĵУɣôǺμң
λеĴͱǻãμҵ˳˺Ӣ롢Ӣ֮⣬¶֮ɫ
ǽᣬμ֮ǰ׳оסȻ˵λϴĺպͱ뺷¼
ǽ콯ɵţ̫ˡ
νԺѸٻһ飬ǼҺԩ޳
ľɲ
˾ʱɺͽѾ˽
뿴λУɫˡ
үôڣһ͵ֱʵ
֮ǰ½꣬һ¾뵽ɿеĳүܾܿǳ
캣жУȻƺһʮΪүδ̫ˣ
λҲģνûվǳʵ
˵Ǻμ֮ǰ׳УҪɵᡢɼ֡
ںνǽʱͬˣȫûҪֵϵĴӡ
ݣɽȫģκνӴ
ûҺүꡣһڣͺһڳˡ
׳Сҹ޵Ľϴ󰡣Ȼꣿ
ݺݺȺμѾľ
νԡ̻Ҳ޷ˡ
׶ţе㷢׳ʮ꣬Ȼ֪ж¡
һ̣׶ţеڣ֮ǰͳύ
ڿӦ˼ҿŶԣ
ǲҲǱһɣеѵĿʵ
ô˵
ɺͽĻش˵֮Լټ֡
ǳø߳ҽλеǾǿ͵ͨλˡ
ͨ˵ӡȽ壬ͺ͵Ӱһ
νüͷȴ
ôֵܸĴβ
ҽٺãгһҲҪˮ
ΪԱĻ˵۵㡣
ʱνóҲûˣ͵ϴйϵʱпӰ쵽;
ɺͽѾ³жһλǳ⹫һλǸʡ쵼ĺν
ǿóν̬ȣԶȫӭ
λҲ⣬ɿ½ʵҲˣ֪үȥô
ղź˵㸸ĸȥˣ֮ǰ½ʵ
֮ǰ½ּһ棬ɻƽ˰ˮƦ
˳½ֲλС
ǾȳүλɣɻûȺνǻش𣬱ͽֵͷʮ㡣
νɫе㲻ÿˡ
гȥּɵǵ±Ǽǳ
ֻܵȳԴ˵ݽѵóԺҪǺμҡ
Ҫ;
½½
һλλ캣С׳ССеĸ
ĻϳЩǵȥׯʦˡ
ʮλ󣬺νһ¾ϳ׳еļλ
ܡܡܣôˣνԲǳ
ЩҿɲСﰡ
̼
˲ϼŰĸͣѹȥһͷ
꣡һλڣȥĹո̡
ʱٴĿɿڴ
ģ
ѵһרΪ˿ô󸻺
ԽԽ桢ԽԽĵˣ
μѾ𾪵ľ
ֻóҽǿ͡
ţҽôĻԲͳƽ飬Դó԰
뵽Ǹ̾Լܿβ
һôĸλ첻ˡ
Щͨӣ׷ױʾҪȳ
ʱˡ
ԪȦҲнҽƶʡе߱䶨
ݵʿۺμұ׷ױʾԼġ




870¡
 

Щ˱ţԺνļʶһ¾ͿЩˣһݵλ
ֲãֲôȻ̰
ʡ쵼ĺνܹ̩Ȼݡ
ݣѹס棬ڱѹǺμҵķͷ
ҺνԳݣύı͡
߽μұˣúνעĿ˼ۡ
ǼʮˣǸı͡
ֱһŮǲ׿Ѧ
׿˵Լݣμٴβ졣
Ȼ캣д쵼ĶӶʶ
ү׿үѵҲо̻֮治ˡ
ҽٸߣҲܸ򡢸ֲͬݵĴպβɣ
ڴҰֵǳҽȵġ
һɫһϣ֪˵ʲôˡ
ֻ˵̫ãȻл캣һβ
ҪǸǺμҵĻ캣һֽύһǿ
ǳõ캣һֵʲôãֲ
̰ϧͬʱͻȻһ顣
뵽һǳǳؼĵ㡣
ǾΪʲôôеλ˵ȴúһ㣬סڰˮ
ȥֻгЩ飬ܽ͵ͨ
νҲͬ뵽һ㡣
Ȼ̫Ӱ쵽δǰ;
νܿ˾ϡ
ԸΪҹĻµǸҰ԰Ļŵ̬£Щ
ʱʽǼ壬μҽøʢǿһԾΪʡᶥҲǲܡ
ͣЪ
ôݵڿɵţκ¿ȥˡ
ô꣬Ȼ
ɺͳ
ֱһûС
Ȼκ֪Ը񣬸ɵó顣
ǼȻǺμҹ꣬ҪǺμҵĹء
С࣬绰̻κ¶ԱվŵĺԸ
ô˸꣬ĹϵԶԶֹɡλУ˴֮С
С࣡
ȺκٽһŻعϽóֻ绰
ԭ½֡ɵ˵ôġ
ǿκµɫе㲻Ծ֪Ȱ˵Ҳûá
Һκ±Ͼǳ⹫Ҫء
˺öˣϿŶͨ绰󿪿ڵ
绰ͷ͸ĸڻģͻȻӵȥĵ绰ʱе㲻ˬ
㣬һȥ˼ɣ
⹫̻˵ñ;õȡº͵˵
ȻκµĻ⹫˵֮ǰȥ
ǡ໹Ȱһ£ѾҶϵ绰
κĿ濴źࣺô˵
˵֮ǰྡȻĻش
ߣôļӣ⹫Ļˣκµô˵棬ʧԼΪμϼ⹫ӣ˵
ν̲ͨĵ绰Ȼֻκ¡
̻ͱ⹫ˣκ仰˵úء
һɫͱˣæӦ
СȻȥɣ⹫ȵˡȰ˵漴֪㲻ںμұͽһ죬⹫ǹһߣòã
裬ȫġһҲĸײˣ˸ɴĴӦ
ᰣǻȥɡ
áӦһͳһͣĵطȥ
ˣҰ˵𣿡ϸʻʵ
óֻ˿ȥһ֣˵㲻ںμңʡļ廹ûȥ
˵ͷ
ʵǸ΢ȺҲһǱǾǰݵλĸߵͣȺꡣ
ҲΪʲô캣еȼеˣʡȵԭ
˵ںμңʡǰμұΪμҸǲһġ
΢Ⱥ﷢һ֪ͨȻ󿪳سһμұȥ
ʮӺᰵķͣڱſڡ
һ³Ϳμұǰͣ˸
ɫȻŸĸȥ
һţĿ⳯ų۶
ʺ
ү´֣
´֣
ҽ´֣
΢ЦŶ˵ͷ
ôˣҲͲһһӦȥˡ
ںκ¡νǵѱ֪ı֡
κ¶Գ֣ûκιϲ֮ɫ




871¡ҷź
 

뱻κ󱳱һ£ֻ߹ȥ
ǸĸӣǸ⹫ӡ
ҵĺ㻹ǳϢˣѧһָҽκô˵Ĳκµô˵棬ǳ˳һ䣬󻰷һת⹫ԼͷضˣǹŻ˵úãҪ£ˣǺμţʧڣô꣬ô˼Ǹɵأ
κµĻòƳޣʵǳĳɷָࡣ
κҪڳ½֡ǰѹѹΪ⹫ݡ
ɡǶʱɫе㲻ÿˡ
κôһȻ۰ô˵ѵ
ͷǲǴͷˣ
Ѿ⹫Թϵ̫Ծ
ϣĸԸȳүġῪˡ
Ȼκǳ⹫Ȼκ¸ѵҲͲٶԺκκ֮⡣
Ҳһ
ǰͽᾴģʲôμҡ
벻Ҫǵļ¡νĿ˽һۡ
ͶλзǳУǻϵĹϵ
֣ͳ˵ɡνκ£κµͷӦ㿪ʼ֮ǰľϷԡ
ҽѧţ֮ǰǺμ㡣
νɳϿڣ̬һӸλơ
һ仰ûаָϴ˼
ɫƽţν˵ʲô
ΪǺμҹأҪҲŻͷĹ˸һᡣ
ΪĻ³ϴ󣬸ˡӢ塢ӢݺݺǵǸ
Ȼٸ̷ү̷ά̬Ⱥһ㣬ǵûʮ򡣡
ҽôС̺ѪŨˮϣҪŬκ԰
ֻҪ£֮ǰĹ˺⹫̣һʽμң㵱ĺμˣҲϣġ
˵ⷬνĿƵĶų
ҽô˲õ
ȳμҵİ
ҹɴνôûüҷѾǶԳĿˡ
ھͿˣ½ϴ
ֻҪڳеҹĹν;ԭ
νⷬ˵꣬μһɵĸо
ٺãںμңùԹνѵ
ݺݺ˿̸оǳãô˸ˡ
³ô˵ǸǺμʲôӶ˻
Щеλ˸꣬ȻֻǺμһδɵѡ
νɵ̫Цˣ
гүôõӦʹơùϵŶԡ
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ݺͬϾˡ
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ҲǳˣҪ֪δ´ԣ˾ǩݺͬҲΪãھͰǩˡνߴٵ
μĿڴĿų
ֻҪǩݺͬԺҪΪǺμЧڳôˣμҲԵԴá
ԾûϵĺֻͬĿڣˣȷҪǩݺͬ
ԲǩǲǩĻͲҪִ˴ףӡνĮ˵
Цһڴ˿Ѿ˾ϡ
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һʵϺνͷ
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μҲͺνͬ뷨
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ƾҽ߳θλеټһ֣ý컪ǿµﳼΪƶʡͷУ
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Ψһúνȷŵǣǻ켣ƶʡ
ųչ򸾾ȵı飬νˣҲԼҶôĵϱ
ҵĺصÿ湻պν˵һ仰ŭϲ
֪λ˾˿϶Ƿǳġ
Ϊ컪һνɫޱȵӲ
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ڣǺμһҪ¹Ǹ𣿡΢УȻĮʵ
仰зǳǿҡ
ȫμ˶óȻûٵˡ
컪½ĴУμҾȻҪ¹ǸֱЦ
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컪һڣɷƱ¶ȷ·轵֡
λлһ㵺ݼҲ˼ԾҪμҸ
μȫ⣬ʡͷУɽּĿ¶ˣ
νɫ΢Ȼܼɵ컪ƣֳܱ
Ϊ֪˿ԼǺμҵĹǣ룬һҪס棡
սģҵݣڳ쵼вǺμңΪԼʡܹΪΪɣν뽯컪ԡ
컪һЦгڴˣҽ컪˵ܹΪΪԸμңûʲôġ
ߣ㲻һϵģҸĴ쵼绰εν֮󣬽ʡȨģǺġ
ֻģѾ֪һѺ
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Ȼһֹ컪ڣνͿ˹ͽ컪˻һⱲϴˣһԸ⿴ϣֻҪ¹Ǹ˿һֻ۱һֻۡ
һԵĺݺݺס˳棬Ҫ¹Ҳô½컪Ĵˣں޺޶Ӣ磬ҺӢ籨𣡳Ͱ˫ȴϣ
Ӣ׼ˡ
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˵νԻĿº͵Ŀ˳һۡ
˼ϣȫ֣ղŵȷһߣ̷ϿЦ




875¡²̨
 

ǿνԵʾȴһЦ
ڵˣ
ղźμ˿ڣ¹Ǹ
̷ɼΪϽһЦ顣
ԳμҲһҵĹϵ
ٿ˵ĺӢ롢ݺݺһԹ޵Ķų
̷ɼиȷμг϶
̷ɼҲνһۣúνԺò׶ЦݱýӲޱȡ
Ϊʶ壬Ǻμ̷ҵĻᣬ˰أ
νͳͺãԴ˻̷ҽύĻᡣ
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νʡȨģδ˺ͨٸһЩʱ䣬ضѹʡᶥ塣
Ǿ仰ڻģȨԶڽǮ
ɵйҵ뢣ȨµĶ쵼һҪͷ­
̷άϿǸ̷ɼǸȳ
˵̷ά˳ɰ̷ɼˡ
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ԲС۲ʶ̩ɽдһΣ
ӢԼ̬ͽֺõ̷άȴһġ
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̷άһʱңſڵϣ̷ֱά
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Գκ̷ɼô򵥣ٲȻ̷ҵװ
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ˣԭԼͣͬҪܳࡣ
˿վڳǰоԼǳС
û뵽λȻһС˰ģ
еɳϣκе̶વڵϣսսվ
λμϼסˡ
ǡνǿѹסʵ
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νǿɬ
ڿǳѵĵزѾ²̨
Ըͺãղһϵгͻ
Ǹ߰ʣνȫ
ӽ쿪ʼμκιϵƽ䵭˵
һԲ졣
ҪμҶϾݹϵˣ
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ѪףȴҪϾϵ
仰ν֪ǺμλѾ˺ûκλء
νɫԳ¹˵˳
ùлҶɫһ䡣
ڳıҲ֪ΪʲôνΪľ˾ˣһҪ¹Ǹˡ
ν˵μʮ˲㱻ĻνҲȻ
Σ¿ɵ棿صʵ
Ȼݻģƫ̻
ֻǾԳӢţԻй֮ˣ֮Ļ̫ϧˡ
νʮֿ϶ĵͷȻģҺμʮ˶֤
⡭ʱΪѡ
ô֤ڣѵĹҶҪȥװ෿
ҹԼΪһ֣Բ˽Ȼ֪ҪЭνͰȷ
лҶϵɫЩÿˡ
û뵽һصݻȴֳ벻飡
νȨٴγΪߣ԰ݲȵ˵ȷʵǲɶõ˲ţֻϧ´ֻܴףûɣ
ϸһ˿Ц˵ͨҪˡ
ȵȣ
ͻȻҵ̷άڡ
ҿԸ֤첻ǳĴ
Ǽ䣬Ŀ̷⳯ά۶ȥ
Ӣ塢ݺݺɫ䣬̷άҲԳء
ֻû뵽̷άϳ̷ͣҼţȴҪ֤
Ҹ֤һ»ع̷ң𣿡̷άϻ̳Ͽֵˡ
̷ɼŵͷȻԡ
лллл̷άϲԸ̷ҵλ¡ţҲ뱻ţһС
̷ά㽫Գ飬Լӽǲһ顣
νԽԽľ
Ҫ̷άĻģôǱԼʮƭˣ
ҽԺһֱΪ绤ν
ʱӢվ̷άûǽ˽֪淢ʲôΣ
ҡ̷ά˵סˡ
ȷʵֻ֪ӢͳĶĶ
ǺӢ˽˽ǵḶ́ȫûв롣
Ӣߵ˵ǳĶɽǣʮμΣ
³ߵֲ֤ˡ
νһԭ̷άֻǸӵ֤
޷ġ
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ʱνݺݵĵŮһۡ
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ڵΡ
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ĸջʸıͲٰ࣬ҹӣôѾ֮ˡ
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΢΢ͷ
ȴһ飬վһߡ
ǡʸζվ
һĻȫԾ治ѡ
ϻʸҿǱڳм嶼ҪǿĴڡ
ǻʸҵүȻҲԳ˹ǫ
μ˴˿Ѿ𺳵ľˡ
ν֪ԼѾ·ˣ֤ݶԼߡ
ʸҵүվ̨ô
˭Ҳ




878¡
 

ܷ˵һ仰ҶϿˡ
νλλߣɫԻһЩҶ˵
ִɲҲӡ
Ǻμ飬Ϊ˽ºͽ⣬ǳΣ⳥ҽҩѡҶƽ͵˵
ʵҶĺܲԸţԳΪˣ³ç´
ô֤ԳҶҲ޿κΡ
νҶϵĻûеһʱӦ
Ѿ⳥ˡ
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ǺμҲȱЩǮ
ڹϵμҵϺ档
Ҫ֪ʼգԸϴǸ
νô׾ˡ
ӻڷ޷ӭӱأ
ҶϣѾóûкͽĿԡνɫ˵
Ҷԣҡҡͷ
˾֮䣬Ҫֵ˲ĵز
ܸܲСһ᣿ۺˮվ
ֻһũ帾ŮȻŶӵĻ֤ڣҲΪضҪˡ
νҡҡͷ㣬ѾˣղҸٴλóǸ㿴еͷ˼𣿡
ø־֮ɫ
˶Ҳ޷סʱȴɵЦЦ裬㲻øμ飬Ӻ֮У
ߣ㻹Ӳ־ȥ˵νоԼѾʤȯˡ
ȻÿҪóʱ⡣
Ϊˡ
٣ˣһװĸЦݵ߽
ˣӢȴĿһ¡
Գ٣ôʱ
ֻһЦΪһǸμҰġ
ٱμҵ𾪵ˡ
߽֮󣬷ֺе㲻Ծ
Ӣڸʹɫ
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ˣûһϲģһնûС
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٣Ҳˡ
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˵ָ֤ʱ컪뵽绰ٵĸףԳĹԱΪ֤
û뵽Լˡ
ٶԽ컪η壬Ӣ塢ݺݺȺμʶ²
Ȼô￴ţҲҹסٵ͡
ֻսսĻشڣʱһǽ˽
һ˵ɫˡ
ν־ŭ
˵پؼ֤
һ¸о˵Ŀⶼעӹٸоѹɽ
үô£
컪̵ĽμҶԳָ֤˵һ飬Ȼŭٵʱʵʲôʵʵ˵
սģвδٿڣνȺȵ
Σ˵ꡣ
һ仰úνĵı͡
˿̾νٺãɫҲڵ÷ǳѿ
Ѿ׿ˣ۽컪ڳվڳߵġ
ұѻֺ֧μң
һһʮĽǵĹ˵˳
һ̣ȫμһֱ³
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ҳȰǲҪȥǸˡ
û˵ѣôˣ
٣Ϊ컪в죡ӢƤڡ
٣ʱͷٻȥˣ˿ᶨĸ绤
ǽɻߵμҵĻ֪ԼԻúܲҡ
Ӣʮõöָ
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Ȼվ׿ڸ绤
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㡢ТŮν۾ɴƾҪһơ
Ȼȴ
νֻǿŭջ֡
ſǻ˵֣Ƕԩˣ




879¡
 

кࡢֱ֤ˡ
һ̺μ˶֪Ҳκβ˳
뵽ôǿ̵˶Щǳı
ȻǳΣô¾͵Ϊֹɡν̸Լ̨£ҶϣλȲ衣
ȻȴһЦΪֹˣϵĺͬ
ν͵һ£æźֱͬ𵽱ȥ
Ҳûǿǿ
ΣѺͬҿһ¡֪Ǻͬ⡣
νǿһ˿ЦֻǼŷֽˣûʲôÿġ
һҲ˵ϻֿ˻ʸһۡ
ʸᣬʧԭء
ֻоһ紵νϵĺͬѾʸߣС
νʱɫ䣬һȻ
Ǻμұǩµĺͬ㿴ͬݸ
һɫ
ΣΪְԱΥƳǩֺͬ
ұƵģԸģνڻˡ
ʧҡҡͷԸǱƣѾˣһԴ¡
νǼɫҰףɳϡ
ˣ;ȫˣ
֮࣬Ȼһ
ֲղŻǩºͬǩָֻ̬߰ȡ
ԭݺͬ⵹
ȷʵܳɹ
νһȫμ˶֪ǼĶˡ
κۿӵǰ;һЩ赹
ô뵽úμҼҷγʯͷԼĽţ
ʱ׳֮ǰΪʲô¶֮ͬɫ
ԭˣ
νңûκ֮ġ
ղźνҪŪӡ
˳Ҳٹ˼飬Ĵ
ֿ˺νԣѺνԿķë
֮ǰˣҸǸԲ𣡡
㲻ҴӺŮ𣿡Įʵ
νԿ׵ĺӢ롢ݺݺæҡͷܹ㣬ӢݺݺĴ
ɲװ⵹˵ǸֻҪӰ쵽ϼţԺԹʳĳ賹
Ӣ롢ݺݺļԸҲֻܵͷǿ߳ܿڵԲ𣡡
ĿһۣĿصνϡ
ˣС֮ǰ˵ҽϼʵϰֻǧ壬һˣԲԣ
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Ǻǣҽ߳ôඥĸϼšνֻЦ·Լ
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һҪʡĴв
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ôպεģõŶԺμô𣿡κֲϵĲŭӵĿڵ⹫ϣ˶ˣºαֵô󣿡
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Ӣ廤ǰĿų
ǰ;ֱڣ޷װ⵹μң
Ӣ壬ȫμȻһ
ֻҪλĺμӵڣδضܹɽ
ʱӢΪֲеĶ쵼ݵλѹֲĳ
ںμ˾ΪҶΪֱĺӢôʱ
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ֻҪƾңҾջضǺμҵһгʹط;ϼҲʡᷢչҲκԡ
ô
Ӣһ˲Ѫӿס˫ȭ




880¡һָɱ
 

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ص׳ݷȴӢغ󣬺μٴ
û뵽Ȼ׳һôĻᡣ
ֻҪӢսʤôμҽվͲøκδۡ
ǺεȾ޴ջ
ںμ˿Ӣֿ˵ǻĴڡ
ȻúӢսⲻǰȡ
ǲףţ
Ӣ˫ȭգҧ˵ģҴ䶨ˣ
һ䣬ϱһơ
ΪֱеٮٮߣӢƽʱǾԼɱ
һ˵ȫˣ
ͬһ˳ǹţӿˡ
Ӣ壬ǺμҾͿˣԭҵĺν˿˹ʡ
μҲǳڴͬʱҲܽš
Ҳɵ֪˵϶ǶԼֺš
ϳеıҲǺġ
μɶԺӢġ
Ӣڱѵٶȣָ궼Ȱ˹ھ
Ҳ˵ӢѾԽ༫ˡ
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ϾվţһָֻȻһʳָ
˵ûᣬվŲֻһָ򡣡
Ƶ̬ͻúӢ˲ŭǣ˫Ŀɺ졣
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Ҷ֮ǰѾ֪μиӵܣƶֲӵڰСӵĶӳ
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ݺݺնĿų·𿴵һ㡣
޷󣬳Ҫֲֵزֱܽøɱ
뵽Լ֮ǰһٵݺݺ˿޾ĺ¡ڡ
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νӢ弫վҪ̷ţһ
ǰ;ĺӢ壬ᱻ˰ɣ
ȻӢվг־塢ŭԹ޺ţųȻҶ֣
ȻսңҪӦĴۡޱ˵
ȻӢûˣȷʵ˺ӢļҪ
úӢʧȥֱʵ
Ҳ൱ڻٵӢǰ̡
ܣҲܱϵӢ״˻ǼǿֱֻҪҽ룬ָܹ壬øǿ󣡡
Цҡҡͷ
Ӣ˻㲻֪ɣλ̹ܽ٣ֻҽǿһٱλ̹ܽκҵ壬ѵһʱ䣬Ҿܱǿʱڣ
Ŷ𣿡ЦЦ
л󡢹Ҷϣڳһ֪·ɵһźӢ塣
úνȫ⣬Ϊʲô˻¶ı顣
ڴʱͻȻ¡¡ľ
мʶһ¾Ƿɻ
Ǽ䣬ɫ䣬֮£æ⿴ȥ




881¡֮Ī
 

ֻһװֱͣڱĲƺϣεľݵҶ׷ɡ
һĻԵѾǧƵĳˡ
μ𺧣һ㵡
ȫΪʲôװֱῪǺμұ֮ǰ
ֱͣú󣬴žװӣͦΣ˲
ȵһˣλװ꣬
ſڵıͣóһ·
ֻλ˾ֱߵǰʮֹʺã
̹ܽ٣Ҳˡ΢΢һЦ
ص־̹ܽ٣ŵǿ񻢡ǡҺмϤֱ
⼸Աֵػء
־ڻأ˱ſ񻢼˸ꡣ
̹ܽ٣ã񻢵ȼԱʮĸꡣ
棬úμ𾪵Ըӡ
ȻЩ˵̹ܽ٣
Ӣǵɴ۾̹ܽ٣ѵ룿
ûҲֱҺ˺Ӣһۣһ¾ͿӢҲо˵ʡ
Ӣ֮ɫͬʱһ˿
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һô̹ܽ٣
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ӢѾ𺧵˵ˡ
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룬̹ܽκ˺ѵҳ
ȻҪҵ˾Ȼǳ
ºӢ֪ԼûнĿˡ
δһ̻ٵһͿ
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ʵͰǰ
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ճ־ȻĿǵ̹ܽ٣ƶֲӵģΪѾûʸˡ
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˵ĶԻúӢ塢Լһںμˣ볹׵ľ
ˣȫˣ
μҶ̶̰ʱգӸ㵹
ȻһжǾȡ

μұĳڴϵĺӢӵѡ
ֱ½ĺʱӢ˫ۣԷһλ˽ҽʵҽ淢ʲô飿
ҲӦǰı̫ˡҽ
һֱڷտӢûгȥ
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νһȻûлش
ʱӢŷֲԾôǺμ˸ң꣬ɥ




882¡
 

ӢɨһȦĿⶨڳϣֻ̩ȻվٲȻġ㡣
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ҹһΣѾ֪ԳԼ֮顣
Ϊûмʱóҧˣ
ģһجΡ
˺Ӣһҧгݡ
ҳǶɫܲÿܿΪֳʲôˡ
躦ôң컹ţҸ㣬군ˣӢ˵ţӢ壬Ӣ磬ѵСӣұĳ𣡡
ӢĻ˵꣬˶񿴰׳һ
Ӣһɬ߲ѡ
һָɱˣõܣָͷ
˿̺νŷԼ˸ô޴Ķӡ
棬Ȼƣ
νվ첽ߵӢǰžһһơ
֣ңӢգˡ
νŭĿɵƣǸ
ʲô˵Ӣˣȫ㲻״
νûлش𣬵Ӣ׵ı飬֪Ĭˡ
һ̺ӢԼˣҴرף
ôõԼ᷸Ĵ
Ȼָͷ
ڿμ˵УǶԳľηͿ־壡
ӢתȥͻȻ±·һƵġ
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׿ôͷĴʵǺμҰ꣬Ϊģ
ӢʵʱϵıýӲޱȣ޾Ļֺ̿š
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׺νĻﴫУӢŻع
о裬Ҫ컹ȫıǸ
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Բ𣡡Ӣﻹвʣòͷ
Ƴһۡ
ӢѾԹͷҲʩͽˡ
ν̬ȣóе⡣
νöӵǸǱͷ
Ȼµð˾ŲʮνֿʼԺʹɫ
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˿̿׶ţϵһʼνܳԳһЩһЩͺˣ




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ԣɫ֣ҽղŵ֪˽Ĵڣģ˵飬Υ⡣
һսսΪ˼Σæڵ˽һҿŵϰ忪裬ǸϰܴҲǲѲź
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ڷǱ۵ģ˵Ķ۾Ϳˡ
ֻ˷·С˵԰ɳ԰ɣҪٿ㷢ء
Լʮ󣬷˽ƿ·Żϡ
ƿѪҺȫˣǿ۶ɵȻһ
ѵԼȸѪҺ
漴۷жϣѪҺǷ˺ȵģǷĳġˡ
뵽ȫһĳ嶯
ΪᰵΣۻǿĪ־֮ļȥ
ٴδӹһ
һ۵ǿˣַŵľȻǸűޡ
ֻű޲ǴſɰƯȹӣǴְҵOLװ
ͷҲǽɫǱεˣֻǵĹżɫ
ޣдʵ˵ļ
۴ˡ
ǸСˣ
뵽ԣֶ֪񶾵ֶο϶Чˣ
ֻǲ֪ʲôаŶܸն
۲СˣʱͻȻ΢΢ͷȥƺʲô˵
ۿʮ־һĻֻ˾Ȼתͷɭĵס
ˣ
Ҳ룬̴ǽϵ
˵ŭ԰ץס
ʮڴӷұܵ԰Ȼͷǽ뿪ӵԶˡ
صĵطۻ·µʡһҽԺȥ
ҽԺ۽ᰵĲұϸ˵
üͷƳЩë
˹Ȼаҵȥһ˷ңܿ˾
Ϊᰵȥˡ
Ǳ߿϶ڼʩ
۶㿴ñᰣȥҷˡ
һ仰뿪ҽԺǰҡ
ҵķʩԳһûκá
˼ҲǱߣٴλصʱֻһӰŹվڴڴ
粻ϴӴǸӰһ˿ظС
˿ӰݺЩŵûɢ
ô
ˣһ죬ʲôվڴߵǳ
ôһʣ˹֪˵˵ʲôס
ѡһǻشҵ⣬Ƿҳ׸𡣡ȻĻ÷׹ߡ
˺ܿӿ־лعЦһҵϹӶ㺦Ҳˣб¾ɱң
ΪҲ֪㱳صʲôֶԸ𣿡
Ļ÷һǲ֮ɫ
ôõܵģ㲻ܿС
üһߣȻ˵Ķ˵ôСռӺᰵģ
ղһ䣬Ϳ͸ͫ巿һС
ֻСʵ壬ǹ꣡
ҲΪʲô̽ʱڸ˭˵
ȻҲͲװˣЦúĵȷʵڳ˵ı£ֻô벻ҴһᰵļͷܸҪᰵ
˵ţӹȡһűޣͷԭȵļٷι⣬մϵᰵͷ




889¡ɱС
 

ңѾ첻˰ɣ
ޣ״ĴЦ
ҽǺܸ𣿲ǶҶӼ𣿡
ڣҲҪ㳢֮ȥȴֻţΪĸо
˸ź⣬֪Ѿˡ
ټСаֶΣ䣬˵˿̵ķ˸
Ҫɱˣ÷Ҹ𣬷Ҳ⡣
ɱ򶨣ˣСˣ£ǱԶ޷ӵĻط꣡Ȱͷǰ˵ƽС˵ķһһ
ⷬ˵꣬Ȼе֮ɫ˼֡
ڴ˿ԥΪĻ˵ƺе
ҷС֮󣬶Թ֮ʮţǳŵֻءǰЩĶ
ԼĶӷ񺽣˾ĿҪҪС
ҪҷŹҲԡɫͻȻúԹޣֻҪ
ɫһ˿Ƕ޵ˡ
ڣ̵ҵɱҾСɱɫȵ
ҡҡͷ㵱ɵôɱ㲻ǰˣ
㲻ŵĻǾĿȥɣٶֳ֮״Ȼϵİű޽С
СҪٶȶʩǧһʱ̣ˣ
Сʩ᰿Ҫ棡
ֻоӰڴʧ屻ɵһԡ
ٴʱѾץסСеİűޡ
һӤĹֽСдֻоһΣȻܵСӰ죡
Ҳֻһ˲ˣСֻܼӺͨˣԳǿĻǣã
һѶűޣһֻ˲һ棬ŵСǰԼֻ׵ľ롣
Сʱ¶־֮ɫƺǳ±û
СӰһܣӴܳȥ
ܣƣץסСһֱֻۣ˲佫ֱ۷ٻٴ
Ӥֽ䣬ŵˤڵϵķ˻겻塣
˳һ壬СҲˣԹ޶ηĿų
ˣֻҪɱֻСĻҲ⵽ɣʮ˲㻹л֪С˵ĻԼСԹͨġ
ɫɷףȻʮ˲ͽɣⱲҲˣɱѽҵСպضѲŹģ
ѣԭСǸѧģ˲һЩ顣
Լ϶úȦйصֻ֮һֱнӴȦ֮ǰаɮ
ӷΪ˱Ҵ˵еĹѽһֻСڼУͨӺᰣԸ
˼Ц֪ô΢ĩ죬ڷޱߵĹǰʲôҲǣ͹ԹԵɣҲ꣬
ߣǷң֪ٱȷҲûˣһʱ
СӾˣվǽﲻסɪɪ
űõСǰһֵֻ治Ϸڡ
֮ǰʩչ
СʣµһֱָָֻűޣҪù
һ£ֻܽű޽ȥ
СϣС
ֻСסűޣ֮ǰעűڲȡȻᰵͷ
ˣоûô򵥡
ֻҪƳδ绰᰻ѹûС
ʱȡСûֻ첲Ȼ˳
ȻС¶Ѫܵļų绰ʱ򣬾ȻĲҧȥ
һֱ䱸ֻСҧˣңЮСԴ䡣
ʱСĻǷյûҷСҽû
ɱС󣬳ӴԾٶҽԺȥ
ͬʱƶʡڣʡ᲻֪ǧĳƬɽ֡
һɭɭľľϰڷŵһŲޣһװӤʬ͵ɫδ֪ҩҺĲͻȻ
ӤʬըһƬƬɫҩҺñضǡ
ľдһ˭˭ɱҵС
ɽ֣һֻֻϢϵڳշȥ
صҽԺ󣬷ѹˡ




890¡®
 

ְֻһԼ̫Ѩƺͷ֢״
ᰣоô첽ߵߣƳΡһ𣬶¶֮ɫ
еԻʵҡôˣ
㱻СʩչӺԹȥֻСѾɱˡĵĽ͵
˵ᰣƳκҲ־ɫ
ԭ˾ȻСֲҵʱڸ˭˵е¡
ֶԸ书ֿԣԹа޲ˡ
᰷ӦƺһЩû̫׳˵Ļ
Լ׽ˣԾһɫһολɽܲʱһ
ѵǻ𣿡ɵüͷ
Ȼûȫ
Ժ˵ʲô֢
鲢㳹׽
ƽ͵ʵᰣǲǸоͷεģӦ˵
ԡֻشһ֡
ûʲô顣
Ƴסᰵ֣ǵ˵㣬ôˣоܲ𣿡
ƺе㿹ƵģԼִƳεг
Ϣһ£ȥ
ƳθΪˡ
һΪ׽ȴ·ûʲôƵġ
΢΢üȷϣᰵĵĮ֣ȷʵΪܵˡ
ҪᰵĻǳ׸ԭֻܴǸ˵еĹˡ
ֻǷ˲û˵ѵڣֻԼ
ᰣúϢһ¡º͵ĸοһ䣬ֿۣ۶úñᰣ⼸ܻ飬ѰҼӺᰵСˡ
Сĵ㡣
ƳΡһڲҹ
˵ڶϣ᰼Ҫȥ˾ֻȥ
ƳΣˣȥϢһ£ȥһ®¡ƳεĺȦĲϧ֮顣
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®µĶɶʦ˽λСߣȥ̽Ϣʵش
Ƴ΢ڵһȥҸ
á
ӦƳǰ®ɽ
·ϣƴʦ˸绰֪֪ѡ
ƴʦ˵ѵԹѵϸϺ;סȫ˽⡣
ֻܼϣڶɶʦϡ
˺ܿ쵽®ɽ®¡
һļǳ֣ݷﲻ
Ƴνź󣬱ӭ͵ĺϳӭӡ
ʩݹ٣ʲôҪ𣿡л飬ִ֪²
Ҳϻֱ˵ȥֶɶʦ
õģʩԵȡתɽԺȥˡ
ȴĹУƳȥȻ󻹸ᰡ֧ǩʫ
ǩʫ֮󣬳Ƴȥǩ
ƳƲֵӣ֪ǩʫ϶̫á
ƳΣʲôǩ§ƳεСʵ
Ƴǵ˵ƽǩǩ
ǩ΢΢죬漴¶һЦ㲻õģϴҲǩҲʲô˶û𣿡
鲻һ򣬾һҲʲôΣաƳĿųӡ
ɫƽ˵ʦǩɡ
Ƴεͷͳǩʦλǰ
ǽǩʦһʱʧɫ·𿴵һֹ
ʦǲ˵ôû𣿡ǹζЦ⡣
ǩʦǿ¶ЦѲк󸣣Ժʲô鶼˳˳ˮǸգ
ʦ˵һ֧ǩƳΰ֧ǩʫŵϡ
ǩʦʱסˡ
ϴǩԤ֪һд֮ףóǧȥʡᶫϷ
һֱλǩʦ®µǳãǩûһʦǩġ
ǩʦԼıҲţõʱܽǩʫ
Ҳ˵ˡ
ǳںö˶˵վţܲɣ
ʵȷʵһѪֻ֣֮ǩʦ˵˷
Ѫ֣֮ǰƶʡϱ߽磬Ӷš
ʱӰй˾ƹӶ˹սһ
ȷʵԳΣս֮һ
ǽǩʦȴ㲻ǳ֮ˣ壬ܹڿֲƷ籩д
ڿһ֧ǩǩʦеԥĲ̫ˣΪеԼơ
ôʦεǩʫҲѽ𣿡ʵ




891¡
 

ʳ仰ʱΧвΧ۹Ϊ֪ʦԥûи˽ǩʱ֧ǩʫض⡣
˵ΧۡǺصģôΧǩʦܾҲǲˡ
Ͼܵô˵˵ⲻ˳ǩʫ
ȸֻƽǩɡǩʦƳθǩʫ
һºʦٴοڵһλŮʿǩʫλŮʿΪǿƣԸ䵭ԵѷΪˣ˲Ҳڹ˵·׻
ʦãƳһ
ǩʦ·˽ƵģȻ˵ô׼
Ů޽ǩʦŮǩʫŮʿ׽֮ˣ˿®µĽǩʦǷǳ鰡
ÿνǩ˵ô׼
ȴ̲סЦݣʦ˵λŮʿйˣʵӦþҡ
㣿ǩʦһ£λŮʿģ
Ƴǣ϶Ůѹϵ
ʦǩʫԼ࣬óλŮʿˣѵ˽̤
Ůз棬ǩʦɾûôͨˡ
֪һֱ˲ϣôλŮʿĹˣ
Ҳûлشǩʦ⣬ת˵ʦ㲻ùҺλŮʿʲôϵҽǩС
ðɡǩʦֻε֧ǩ
ʱΧ۵ǣעĿʦô⡣
ֻǩʦ˼ʮ룬ſ˵λζˣӦڶν׼СѲϣҪȥʪصĵط
Ŷô˵ҽҪȥľֵطˡȻʦû˵巽λȴ˵ʲô
ζϮ֪ض͹йء
ΪѾǳţסصĵط
ǩʦôһ˵ٴסˣȫ޷⣬ΪʲôҪĻ
ǾԼ
Ҫ㻹ʦĻɣƳǩ֮ɫ
Χ۵֮УĳĴҲȰ˵ҪУ®µǩʫġ
ЩȰ˵ţƳ˵֪ʦĻеֻĻıҪˣϾҿйˡ
Ƴһ֪˵ʲôˡ
ϣ£Ҳϣ£ķǳìܡ
ǩʦҲȰ⣬֪αض׶༪١
ϴܹ׻Ȼǳõ
ڽǩʦ˵һ޵ģʱûаסȵ˳־Զܹȥˡ
ƳνǩϺ֮ǰλӴ߹˫ֺʮʩʦƫſڵڷȥ𣿡
ȻұߣһȽٵƫȻɶʦվ
ǳƳ߹ȥɶʦк
ʩģʲô𣿡ɶʦƣЦʵ
ֱ˵ɶʦû˵ѣ
ѣʩ𣿡ɶʦ΢΢ɫƺλѺǼɵ
ҡҡͷûѽֻǺԶŵķˣùСӺϼܲᰣȻСѱҳƺ˻ǣҹѯ޸ˡ
⡭ʩҪҹ޸ʩĻǣЩѡɶʦɫ
ԣ죺ɶʦ˼ǣ
ȳʩɱ˹ѵСǷǳǳ֮ˣҵҲ֡ɶʦ͵
Цһˣ޸ǵĻұɱ֮
ʩͨǹȻĶֻ֣ǹѳɽ֮Уĵ֮ڣأٹҹУ³ʩȥе֡
ɶʦʶĳ죬˿ﾹЩ
Ҳӹѵ֣صʵʦܷ˵һ£ǹЩаֶΣ
ɶʦ˫ֺʮһӷ𣬱
óľС֮
Саܶǰ㵺ЩشǳС
ռͯӤĻǣڼУһЩҪıƵỨؽŽá
Щ󲿷ֶΪơתˣС֮ڼУߡʳֺСѪСͻ÷ǳǿߵϵҲԽԽС
򵥵˵СߵѪ󣬲ŻߵĻ
СַЧȦŮǷ׷׿ʼС
ĳ㵺ZŮǣͨСıƣҵ͹ȵٴα죬˲һʱ䡣
˵λZŮСǹ͡




892¡ѵĴ˵
 

⻹һλڵغʮFŮǣҲ˱˵һֱСάҵ졣
С١µģλFŮǾͱСɣڼҲơ
Ҳȵף²ſһµӰ
FŮǸ˱ĳʱˣһֻС
FŮĶСϢ²ŮȥǸܾǹѡ
ɶʦš
ɶ˵˵ţ̾ѻͯϰֻһͷʦƵĹ֮ͯͬҹѺ޵µߣû꣬񼫵ֶΣֻǲ֪˺ַܹǵʹ߹ܻ꣬ϰꡣ
ô˵ѵķͬѰȻ
СµĶ£˼ʮ꣬Ȼܳ꣬й˵ͨ
ɶʦͷҲĵ֮ʩ䷨ǿǹҲǸĪ⣬ֻ´¼ѽ
ߣɭ޹ҲҪȥһ
ȻΪѵӣʱΪˣɥʧɰ׳ա
ɶʦ鷳ҹѵڣҪ̶
ʩˡĲ֪ѵľסַ֪ѵĴ˵ƶʡظ㣬Ӧþ;סΧĳƬɽ֮СɶʦԴǸ˵
ءδس֣óֻ򿪵ͼʼ
ܿ죬ͼʾؾʡٶ๫
ʩ®һλӣأͽɶ˵ţԱߵĺзԸһ䡣
ǺܽȥУгһʮС
ݾ֪ϼعѵĴ˵ɶʵ
ΪݾæֵĻܴСس󣬰®£Сʱ򾭳˽ѵĴ˵
֪Ѿס𣿡ɶʵ
ݾŬһ飬ܲ˼ĻشҾͲˡ
ʩѣæϵһϼҵˣ֪֪ɶܿ뵽취
ڵĺȻի𣬲ܻؼңҲܾϵû˶Ͼ硣
ɶһרõֻøݾ绰
ݾͨһ룬ʼ绰
ι磬һݾһ㣬֪֪ѵľסַ
ʹѵľסַ鲻ʵģҪǱѵСǼҾˣ绰Ǳ߽ܴ󣬳Ƕˡ
˵֮˵Էǳ¾ηѡ
ݾʱе㲻֪νӻˡ
ѹ˵ʶһλ뻨ؽһֻС
ݾͷųĻ˵ˡ
绰ͷƺȤǴ뻨ǮС
򡢲ǧ򣡡
ݾָȱһ֣ҡͷݾĳǧ
ǧôǮݾ㲻ƭҰɣ绰ͷ֮УЩš
ݾ˵磬֪ҴСͲѣǴܿҪȥˡ
ãȥӭǵøǴ˵ҵĺû绰ͷЩ
Ҷϵ绰󣬻ݾͶɶʦڵղźͨģͬĸĴ磬棬˵ʩȥصĻᵽվӭӡ
ݾ꣬ĸȥȢһţݾƺ쳾®³Ϊɮ
ݾĸ⣬û׬ʲôǮ˲ٵصСӡ
ݾĴЩСͷ죬СһֺУҵ
رϲǰҹѵοʹ򽻵лȡǮɫ
ΪһЩʮߵŮǡģ֮ȥҹС
ЩŮ˾صעο͡
ʩҪȥصĻĿԺͻݾһͬǰȥɶʦ
뿪ڵлʦ⣬һȥС
ɶȻϾ˥ȸĪֲ˺á
пóչˡ
ڻݾ൱׸ˡ
ɶ˵ü֪Ȱ˵Ҳûãֻûݾĵ绰߳
֮󣬳Ƴα뿪®¡
Ҫһȥ𣿡Ƴ̳Ƴɫǵǡ
ҪұȥƳ¥Уƽ˵չ˺㣬ᰵʲô쳣Ļ̴绰ҡ
ðɣһҪСĵ㡣Ƴ֪ԼﲻʲôæֻܹԹĻ
ûлҲûиվ绰컪Ūһ




893¡ǰ
 

ԼĺڰʿȻ޺ˣ캣һűڹȥĻ˷ʱ䡣
ӵĵ绰컪ʾҪԼŵͺ62S
ôߵý컪Ūһܳ;С
ƳƳ̳յ԰Сſڣ컪Ѿվһŷ½GTԵš
⳵в컪ʵ
һ¾ϳֵٶıŷ½GTҲһˡ
60T˫ѹʱ߿ɴ333ȥ硣
ЦЦ컪ĺɲٰ
Ҫϲ⳵㿪á컪˳ĵͷòҵֺóĻᣬȻһ
ȿá˿Ҳûʱͽ컪˵ϻˡ
Ƴθ󣬱ϱŷ½GT򿪵ʡصķȥ
Լʱ䣬վ
ĺСسǳĿ
֮ͣ󣬱վ˵Ŀ⡣
³绰棬ʱһɫСװӣС߹
ѣ϶ҹѵİɣһܶɫʵ
ĺ֪ͨˡ
ǮСسǵĿģֻһǾҹС
ÿζܲµð˾Ųʮ
ɫķʵ֪
ҵȻ֪һƬûҲ֪飡ԵõԱţҽ棬֪ôƺ
ǻݾĴ棿û뵽ôɣյվݾĴ硣
澭ڳվƣҲ
¶֮ɫʶݾϻݾ绰˵λ
ûճ¡͸¶̫ԼϢװһ主ٵģ
̸һĨЦԭǳٰѽ˵뻨ǧС̫ˣһվСʱڵȵݹˣ
ȷ֪ģ컬ģܶ಻ʵ֮Ρ
ӡ÷ڣȥǽ֮࣬óͽ䱸
Ц֪֪٣ģϾУôÿ϶˰ɣȴسõľƵϢһ¡
·ɡûлʲô
ͼı죬ҲûǸ͡
ԼأƵ귽ȥ
ص֮󣬳³һǰľƵȷʵģ
ȻҲûеĺ䡣
٣룡ȸһӷϴ硣ǳ飬Ƶ
濴;Ƶ깤Աǳ·һ·߹ȥͲ˴к
Ƶ󣬳Ȼвٿˣò͡
ҿӶ۲Ƶˡ
߹һŲʱһЩ˴к
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ǲǺ;Ƶƭ˸߶ѣһŲ򿪲˵һ۸񵹲Ǻס
٣ϲʲô˾ܵ㣬롣ʮֵĿ
ɲ˳Ļֻƽ˵ԷͲˣֻң
һЦ΢΢һ˿Ӳ
ܿЦ˵٣ôļԷ˶Ҫҹѣ֪ΪʲôôΪϲŻӼˡ
ŶֹءеȻ
ű֤٣ǴҾԲƭ㣬ӣ׼ʱȥҹѣ
ֻðš
ҲûʲôԷʼ۲Χò͵ÿ͡
ЩÿȻǸ󸻴󣬵Ͳƶ˼ҳ
Ů٣ʮˡ
ֻÿ˵ɫĮͽ䱸еֻԼʳˮȻΪҾƵǺڵꡣ
һīŮӣע⡣
īŮƤ𪣬ȱѪɫݣ·˲Ƶģȥ硣
Ů߻һ׳ӣӺŮӵıڡ
Ȼīţ͸ͫһ¾ͿŮӵݡ
Լʮ꣬òױݾ£ڴϿ϶ͷʺܸߡ
Ů촽Ϳŵĺɫ࣬ȥе֡
ֻǳ˵
дó֮īŮ߹ȥ
ֻʮڵ˵С㣬ķ˲θҿóʦһ
ˣҲŮӵܺ䵭
沢ûʶȤ˿һûһĺСţǴԼͶصı




894¡нл
 

Сûжֳ֮ᷳɫҲûдʲôţҲ֪ǻǲá
Сķ򿴣뵽㻹мСʱǵ˼˳ԡ
еںͬСеʼĿ
ʱ컨׹˼СʱѾˡ
СȻûȤѻתƵϡ
һѣ˶
Ҳ⡣
ֻ˵С㣬ҿǵһأӦò֪жɣ
ˣƬĴ˵̫ˣ
˵Ѿһٶ꣬峯ʱﰡ
С֪ѵһγʲôʱ𣿾ǿսʱڡ
ʱиӣȥӣǼʲô޷ĻҲѣҪԸˣٺ٣
˵˵ţ˶ܹע˱ɨ˲һۣʼ˴ꡣ
֮󣬹˵ӣΪ̫
ԾȢٸţҽԶٲҩעһ޶Ů
ôأ
Ѿа취ȥ
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˵Ǳ˴ģ֮һֶӡ
ٺ٣˵ɣ
˵ţ˵ɫ
˾棬Ҳ˲ţʣµһĮ
ǿɱţأ֪ÿͲţֽ˵ȥ
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˴ֶӺ󣬿ʼƽӼˣĺ
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Ĵֶӣ˸֮С꣬Ҳ߾ʱ·ˣһǽڵѹˣ
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ȥ͵ˣǶǵ˻ۿ˵Ǳš
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СһͲͳͿȪˮ
ÿǶ֪Ҫ飬˷׷׸Сʳˮ
Ҳ˹ڽֻԼġ
ʲôûڵǳ֮ˣ㼸켸ҹԶû¡
٣𣿽Ҫڹ¥Ǳ߹һҹҽһ㡣߹ѵ
ҡҡͷҲ˵Ĺ¥ʲô˼
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ŷ½GTĳߡ
·ϳλС㿪ҲǺȻЩÿǮˡ
濪ʱһ绰ܿĦгСĺ档
ĦгŰ˸ģꡣ
һЩÿüͷ
ҹѵģ֮ڱĻСŵ
ĳܿ쿪˱ԵشǻɽҰ롣
ҹĻ٣ɽڰ֮Уеɭɭĸо
ĳһ᾵ɽ·ǰͣȻ³кͣ
ԣһͣ
ĦгҲͣ˸ߵ¶̰֮ɫ
˶˳˵ɽ·ҪͽȥĻᱻΪûг⣬ǰɽ˶ѣһȥ󻹻˲ɲڻǡ
˳֮⣬ƺ֪һأ˲ȡ
˵ڽҪαֳ⣬ܼѣֻλϰ塢硢ŮʮԪҾͻ˵
һʱȻԭôСܹء
ڳʮˣÿ˶ʮĻһ¾;׬һٶ
ޱ
ڳвԥʼ䱸Сǻ᲻ᶯ֡




895¡
 

λϰ壬ѣҪغܶأóȻɽСʱûнʮˣ沢ûСвǼȰ˵
ʱλһֱ䵭īŮӣߵĸ׳ڣȥתʮ顣
˾治ѣԭΪīŮӴſıڣ
īŮȴԥͽʮ顣
Сˬ죡涼ее⡣
ΪС㽻ǮҪѵ˼ġ
аɣʱС˵
СڼžĻɽҰȴ
˶˵úе
ϾղھƵһֱīŮӴ˺ܿϷ
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Ȼ㵺Ů׷ƶϳīŮӵݡ
ҲܿϳСݣ㵺ǱСŮ׷ƶ
׷ƶСһѣһڣнţ϶ܸ浱С
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뵽һ㣬׷ƶΪʲôˡ
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ȴðЦһΪʲôӡ÷ˡ
СҲһ֮ࡣ
Ϊ÷Ƿֶƣ˺ǮһǴŹѵͷ
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棬ǹѵˣǲύǮġ
仰ɫһ䡣
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ΪѣҪʾԼĳ⣬ȴҹС
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˳쵼ʣһΪ˵ĵ㡣
ôֹĻ£Žһʲôá
ЩȻҲЩųûк̸




896¡ԵѴ
 

˸䣬΢ҳ󣬱㿿ǽ¡
˳ŸһյأΧͨɹҹ
ȻղǸ˵˲ٹأǿû˵׼Ǻ飬Ҫù򡣡
˳٩٩̸ͷͷǵ
֪Ȼϳûֻɽ¥п֣ܳǴҲ̫¡
ΪôΧһۼǲҿǵġ
Ǹ䵥ģɾͲ˵ˡ
˳˵ţƳ˳һۣһ仰Ȼڰָ
ʵУ˳һ۹˾в쵼Ϊ쵼ˣʮְλ
˳ڹ˾ԱǳСŶӾˡ
ղɽʱ˳Ѿһ
ȻָȻʮ鶼Ͻڻ÷ӣΧһ𣬼ֱѰ·
ȴðԺЦ
˳Ļʵһĺ˵˵
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лŮӣŮ屡Ϊᡣ
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ʱ˳ϻӴˣϲ˵СиԵѴɣ˵һ㣬
һ۾СˣһӣСаֶΣʧϰ룬аӺңҲǱƲѣ뵽СС
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ΪЩ˶ԼĶСܹﵽԼϡ
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ˣһ㶼ȥݷתˡ
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˾ͬŮĻԼܲףСǱƲѡ
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СվͺˡŮȻû׷ƶƯҲ㳤òһίĿ˵ǱһѣǼ˻вңҪݣС
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ʲô飬ϰܻܿǺȡ
ϰ壬˵ǵȦӣϣҵ˼˳Ļһֱζ




897¡Ϯ
 

ϰҲϽһ˳Ļﲻʲô˼ɫͺˣΪɽҰ棬㻹쵼ܹЩͻˣڻҪĻװɣʱСĻһ˭
ϰ壬أӣеҶ˴һɣ˳ҲҲͳϰͻǰʾ˺ͳϰһΣա
һʱ䣬˶뵭ĮĿ⣬ϰ塣
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׷ƶûشֻǽҧÿ졣
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ˡ׷ƶڿڣЩ˵ͼ
˳ô˵棬Ҳǿֻ¶֮ɫ
ʵҲоͦġ
ǹ¥ﲻҲܸ˱һ
ǽ˳ĿŵСϡ
СգҲɣŴ˾ӵĻǿԻȡů˳¶ǳº͵Цݡ
Сտ֣ʵͦŵģѾܲˣһ¾͹ɬĵͷ
˳һϲСС§뻳У˲˸оůࡣ
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ȥ׷ƶıܰǸ浽Ρ
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廹ǳŮѾÿסˡ
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˵ţŮȥȵǣŮ§뻳С




898¡Ǯλ
 

Ů֮£Աһ㣬˹ա
ҪȻұˣŮŻŵóֻ
һЦ绰ܴͨ𣿡
ŮֻĻȻһźŶûУ򱨾绰һֱʾûнͨ
˶еɵŮɹġ
ʮȥ֮󣬵绰ûнͨҲ̲סˡ
Ůҵģ
ˮǱߺߣ˭һԣ
ΪһɫͨͨŮȻ̼䷭ӾҪˡ
׻˵ӵɽҰǵΪٶƽʱࡣ
˳§СգĿϷʱɲվŮ塣
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Ůܹüͷ΢΢һ壬ʵȫ͹СЩ˽ӴŮ
ȻŮܹˣҲĸߣŮռˡ
λ˧磬䲻䣬ǸһȡůɣŮΪֻ˵ΥĻ
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Ůԣֻ⸻϶ܶŮˣò
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899¡Ů
 

˾֮࣬־ķ֣ȻǶڽȫûнȴܵƶ
һ£˾Ծò˼飬Ϊʲôܹһ
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ڱԣһ»߹ȥסǮεĸ첲
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ʱǮ︡־ϲ֮ɫ
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Ļȫȥˡ
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˳˵ɴ۾һ֣̿ŵһҶ
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Ȼһԭ¥ﻹС
ĻǸϰ϶Ǳ¥Сȥˣ
Ѽ˶⣬ɭɭĵ̫ˣҵСԣǵбһˣ
ʲô
˳׷ƶһȻ
û뵽һ֣ȴ׷һֲĿ飡
ȻҪǵһˣ
˷ҵʱ䣬ԼѡһȻԺܲ




900¡Եĳ
 

Ѻϲյչֳĵĳ
Ծǰ˷⿼顣
뵽СˣԸģֻҪһߣе
ѵĶ⿼飬˳֮󣬷˷
˫⣬
ԭóǿ˳ºԸҲס
⿼飬ǸһѵĻ᣿
ǿվһ鷲ˡ
˳ͲųƾѪֿܹ֮˷Ĺѡ
˽˳ԥָ
ѣѡȥ˳һ˷ܣǣ¶һĨ̵Ц⡣
һ̣һ㺦˵жûС
ˣ׷׸͵Ҳѡ
ǾͿܲˬ
ҳղųɹŮ
Сպ׷ƶŮԸ⸶屨
ųõôĺô
˽˳ˣѡѵС
һĻַͳЦ
Ȥʵ̫Ȥˣ
ղѾȻûн£ӲסŮ
ȷʵĿ࿴
ѱΪʮŮǿģӦû˸ѡŶԡ
ǡǡ෴˵ļ˺ɣѡ˳
Ȼóá
Եĳ
õƱȴһ˿Ҳޣùٴξȡ
ѵ˶ԼֺţҲ
ĻǾ̫޴ˡ
ŮΪղŰǣûѡ
ڳõѹԵƱѾʧȥ
СաǮκ׷ƶѡҲȥ
ŮңԼþԵĿ顣
Ȼô׷ŹǣĵҲҪѡˣ㣡
ʲôѣǺ𣿡׷ƶʵ
һƵĿֲʱüͷ𣺡𣿲ѡĻ͵̭
ӣŮԥ֮С
ǵķǳΪѶѡ˭á
ղŰǣѡĻûҪñ˾塣
ѡ˳ˣ֮һĻΪƱ٣ѡ˭ǸеĶܻ
ôºŮҪıǸеıˡ
ǮΡСպ׷ƶӶɵ֪˳ˣһѡ
󣬽˳ǾܵõһֻСʱСĻǾ군ˣ
һ׺֮һŮܿ
ѡСָ
һܹܵŮ˾ѡøղŰĳȥҲ֮⡣
״һЦҼ޳ܵŮˡ
㲻Ҫң˭ղŲͽǺúദأղ˶ѡ㣬ѾûˣԼã治ܹҡСΪԼһ
ЦܺãҾ֪ܵŮ
С仰ɫ¶һ˿Ȼ
ȥٿ
Ѿһˡ
ֿŮ˸֮ɫڱѸѡ
´磬Բ𣡡ŮУͨǮοˣҲȥֻǽѾעҲѡˣΪᱻϣҡ
ǮβСֱףȻĲˬǸԼһɡ
ʵǮεɾͺŮһ
ֻǮμһ䲻ȥͼԼмһЩ
ʱڿǮεαˡ
СѡǮҲѡе⡣
Ȼѡңͱ˵ʲôˣŮҲûʲô𡣡
·̰Ǯεͷϣ˲ֻǿѹס֮ġ
ֻʣ׷ƶλ㵺Ůǡ
ƱǿҲʲôҲѡ㡣׷ƶָһɫղ˵ҵĻҾʹӦκҪڿԸ˵һļϵʽҸ˻һǧ򡣡
һЦҵҪѡңѡأ
⡭ҲҲѡ㣬ƱҲ㹻ˡ׷ƶ֪֮ǰҵο
ȷʵѡĻóһЩ
׷ƶͬΪѡ˶˳ǡ
յĽȫƱʤֻǽȴǺ£
ճµģ˵湻ʧܵģȻȫƱѶ˳ĳһŶӾ񣬺ǴùϵĻҲ֪˰ɣϧûˣ
ЦҡҡͷҲûˣ
ߣͷӲѣСӣ˳Ȳ뿴СĻ档




901¡
 

ڵ۾˽˳һۣҹɱˣֵõָʹ𣿡
ҡҲҡ˳ѵһɣŵ
˵˵ϵʽɣҸһǧ򣬹һˡ׷ƶ⡣
ʵ׷ƶӦĵ
ΪվͶ˳һƱΪɱİס
˱ýǮԼ
䵭˵С㣬ΪҼһǧ򣬾֮ܵǰû˵Ǹ֮һֱƣӻ˱Ӧ
׷ƶɫһ䣬΢΢
ȷʵӦⶫýǮһǧҲָԼԺ᲻⵽Ӧ
ͻȻЦСӣҼ֮ˣôĻǵһȻܾٿսʱҸӣϧԵ̫ˣҲӦһ֣͹ԹԵĸСвͰɣôѪʢ϶ζ
˵֮󣬹ѻһ촽·ԼԹƵģý˳˸Ӿ
ͬʱ¥õǽǴ߳üֻƤ͵Сǰ֮󣬲ѽ˳ŵƵ
ǻǵһμСȷʵǳ£
⼸ֻСվͣ¶һ滹Ѫ
ȻǸճǸϰ塣
ҹֻЩСٳһˣǾǳ
ԺǣǸ˾ǵʳ԰ɣҪˣѷ·Сһ㣬ѳָֻС
⼸ֻ¥Сиֲ̡Į̰˷֮ɫȫСѾɥʧԡ
ܺãֶԽ˳˵ѡһѪ˸ҵСԣǱøǿ󣬴ǿԴ⼸ֻС۸ͨСߡ
ѣ۸Բ⣬ֻҪԸǡ˳Ҳ˷ˡ
û뵽һѣȻôã򵽳ѪС
СЩӤزӤĻǲͬѵҪǿöࡣ
˵ĿҲ
˿ȫóСԵǺ̵ܲ飬۲ֻСԵࡢ˵Ѫ̰
ǱضǿһֻС
ۿżֻСҪţƽĿڵһȡ
ô㻹ԣѵĻûκϢͺһֻŮ˵
ݶѣһ⡣
ҵСǹôõĿʳϣʰɡѳϵĴӦˡ
ֱֱסѵӣȻʵ֪һ˱СûҪ޸
ԣ˫΢΢ɴû뵽ʳ⡣
ʶ˱Сˣ
ûѣΪˣӦ֪޸ǵķɣ
֪ͻȻЦ⣬Ļ˿뷨ǿʦƣСʩչˣǾֻɱˣ
Ŷԭô򵥡ʱ˼ƽϡ
ԭ޸᰻ǵķǳӣѴӹѿʳַ
ֻҪɱ˹Ѿˣ
ѴĶԻУѾŲ²˻ѱС˻ǡ
ԳСһԭ
˭ԵûȥǸ˵ˡ
Сӣ·ɣкżСȥ
˳˶ĿתĿһĻ
˿ǵı飬ᷢЩˣ˷ܵñȹ¡
Ϊ˳ѾɥĲˣ
ڳĿĺܼ򵥣ҲҪκιǡ
ۼֻСһһ棬ΪֻС˹ȥ
Ӥֽ𣬼ֻС˲䱻յûҷ
һ֣˹¥ˣ
˳ǮΡСպ׷ƶǣû뵽Ȼ˳׵ı£
ƾȻۻ棬⻹
ǼֻСֿͱɱһɶ
ֱ̫ˣ
һͻȻоǳİ
һͨĸ˰
Ϊ𾪵ģɱֻСֶΣһжϳȦĴڣҲνߣ
һز¶Сӣ־ŭСɱʹ
Ȼ˵ѣôС֮Σķǰƶʡķ˸һֻСİ֮˻ıӦˣ
ԭ˵ֻСɱģðû뵽㻹ţΪҹ꣬ǰ׻ôһȣǼ¥·ڿ޺




902¡ɱ
 

һŵý˳ˣֱ˵ǽȥϵɪɪ
У¥ѾɰٹŰɭ޹ﻹһ˼ģ
ҹƣɱȳǿ̫ˣ
Ǻɳڹֵ£һ룡
ţѳˣ¿µ˫һУӿһһֻֻ·˴ҩƵģ˷쳣˹ȥ
ɫ̩ɽǰ˫棬ɱĹһһն
Ѿնɱôֻ꣬Ǿ졢ۡ
ռĹ̼꣬ʧôֻ
ͺһðʱѳһɽȴ͵ȥӻһ롣
ѷŭһƶ챬ˣһ˴̶֮ļУ¥ȫ꣬ɱȥ
Ũ¥Ƶý˳޷
֮صĳ治ɫһֻֻɱĹ궼˫»ҷ
ң˷ʱˣȡרſаľС
ľСڳϳ֣һݣ𼫶Σյľס
Ĵ֮£Ҳٻй꣬ȥ
һ̣ľСЮռ羪裬Ĺ¥֮һɫ磬գۼѵС

ѷʹࡢĲҽ
ѽ˳ŵ̱
ζ벻Ȼǿֵزնɱôֻ꣬һ˹ѡ
ѵˣĴɽ׽ʦɣ
ǳ󣬺֮ǰһһ޷ý˳뵽˵е׽ʦ
ѱ֮վһ·Ͼһ㡣
ɣѾȻճµСӣ˳㷲
ҪǳӮˣǿɾҪˡ
ϾղǾŸˣȫѡóȥ
һУľС˻һѪҲûС
쳣
ûбһɱ
ѵľСıаЧԹѲã
ͻȻ֮䣬͵ϲ
ͬʱѵͷдʣɫʮֹ
֮󣬹ѵȻʼڽڱǣȫƤƤ¶һµɫƤ
ɢŨɷϢ˿̵ˣ
ȹٴ̧ͷʱо죡
˳Ѿѵŵվסˣеӡ
ֻһȫɫɫͷ͹һ飬˫Ŀۣͬɵϴﳤһֻ˼䣡
СӣǵһˣڵˣҪ꣬׼ˣ˵֮ǰȫһвŮˡ
ܹܵõڵĹһɭɭ֮ǰǿʮ
ȻǹԽ˼䣬ҲҪǿö࣡
ЩȦߣûһǹĹѶ֡
Ǵ֮󣬲ͣһʧԭأ
һֵ̳ʱѵǰһצץ
ûжܣӻľСӭӹѵצ
Ƶһײ֮󣬳ķ֣ľСȻûпϹѵ֡
ҲȻû뵽֮õǿǹ룬ȻһľСץϣ
˸Ծ֮ٴɱһ
ľСصצ࿹
̶̲һʱ䣬ѶԻٴΣ
ʱڸоѵٶȺˡ
ҹѻʼȻѹǳ
ԽԽһת쾡£κβ˳֣
ֹ˰֮󣬳һľСͻȻâţһǿҵڹ¥б
䣡
ѱȫһɳȥĿڴһѪܵĶڣ쭳ɫѪҺ
վԭأȻˡ
Ѳŵס˿ڣų
ͣҪ˵ЩʲôϢȫڷʧ˵
һ룬ѵͻȻҲȫһѺۣһֻֻӹ˳Ҵܡ
գ˻һɫɢڿ֮С
һĻ˳ﻹףһĹѣȻ汻ɱˣ
˿۽˳СաǮλ㵺Ů׷ƶŸŮһ֣̿Գη
˳ת죬׳ŵ߹ĵЦ˵ǷޱߣָɱѣΪĳ̫ˣ




903¡Ӧ
 

Ϊһ۾˳ǴӵײԱģ˵˻˵ı¯࣬ƤǱȳǽ
˶Գǰƺ󹧣һ㶼Ѳ˳
Ȼһȴѽ˳ñ
˴ʱҲֺ¡Ρ
ǸղŻͶƱѡȥȴû뵽ѹѸˡ
Ʒת̫죬Щ˴˿ֻʣ𾪺η塣
׷ƶǮκСŮĳͨ𺧵Ըӡ
ʱǶ֪˹¥ס
ڵĳȥһŹǵ˼ûС
¡´磬ǮҲƤֺˡ
СɫʮֽӲԥҪҪġ
׷ƶԸǹĸ䣬ԭײ˿ֻǿϰĺϰ¡
ڳҡһ䣬Ϊˡʦ׷ƶνܵˣ
ɨŮ
ȻûǣЩ˸ղȫͶȥ
ȻҲϲɱ¾ôˡ
Ҳ̫ˡ
Ϊɽ¥֮Уǻвٹ»ҰƮ
ֻҪЩ˵Ļ֮ǰ˳ûһµɽ
ˣפ¥֮Уתȥ
¥жԳĹ꣬߳ȥָ̻ԣŽ˳ҧȥ

ŸŮŵɫҰףҴܡ
ܿһ˱ˣ겻ʳѪ̶̼֮˾ͱһ߸ʬ
ĹҲ׷׷ŵôȥ
´ʦ
˳ŵӶɳˣҪܹסĸ첲ϣӻ
ȻĮһý˳˸ա
˳һģЩˤӣܵٶȼ࣬ܿͱһֻŮſڱϣʼʳѪ
˳ҽУȻȴ˫ȹǦȫӡ
ܿ˳Ҳ޾Ŀ־֮ȥ
ǸղŻΪ³ûжԾŸŮ׷̫
ȫûгֵ˼Щ޼ɵһм׷ɱʣµˡ
´磬һԺˣô涼УʱСպµ̲סˣȡ
ޱҡҡͷһ仰˵˼ˡ
СնʱһֻΧס˲˸ɡ
ʣ߸ŮȫȻЩûǵѪЩ˱̱÷񲣬˺ҧ
׷ƶһ˿ѣֿڵڽеȾңҰȫҲ㣬ڣ
˼ûȤʼնûһ˿ͬġ
ʲôĺˡ
Щ˶Ƕж񱨣־ˣǻȥҲаֶκˡ
ۼʣµ߸Ůɻ񲣬֪ǻˣ˱ԹԵɽȥ
ɽ£һо档
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Ҳˡ
ʲôܣ㲻عصĶܻôܱ̭СǾʮ־档
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׷ƶıɫҪɽȥ
ҽñȥһ䡣
Ǳֱӿȥˡ
ҲĻȥ
Ϊʱԡʬ̭߱ϵĲ
ٴѵܻܵݾķϣֻһΣɽ
ʵѣİ˸Сӡ÷ڣѾǶ֮࣬㲻ɽ꺦պҲֶ˶ڷ
ߣȻûѿ϶Сˣȥãɲôࡣ
йΡʬͲ¹¥Ĺꡣ
ΪҲǺܿµģ˿֮ˣʹɱˡ
滹һλʦһϣѰСܽ
ߣɽһУСܣ
̰Ĳ󣬻ٺݺóһʡ
Ц
׻˵úãȰĹɲĸ˵ڹ¥Űȥ
Сܷɽˡ
¥֮淢Ů׷ƶеվڹ¥ǰĿյأƺڷ
׷ƶıھڳûг
ⲻǶ𣿡һӷˣιǶ򵽹ѵСôɽ
˻һ׷ƶֱ濴濴ûëը
һ¾ͷЩ˺ܲԾ۾ûκ
ͻȻ׷ƶһ״˹
ŵæͳм顱
Ȼ⻤һöûУܿ¥֮ǰһҽС
ɽŵĳˣҡҡͷҪȥ
׼ߣص̵ڳǰ
һȭǴڵأѲ뿪
ڵϱŶӣû뵽ô
ѾˣȥϢص˰ɡ
һ仰Ȼŷ½GTƬɽҰ롣
쾪֮£æĦгӻء
Ϣһ˵֪ʱ𼫴ĺ䶯
쵼һλеʦѻɽ¥Ĺȫ𣬳׳
ЩͲǳĵˣҹʡᣬȲ뿴ûиԭ




904¡ĵĸع
 

صƶʡɫѾ˳ֱϼʡֹ˾ַȥ
㣬֪᰿϶﹫˾칫ˡ
˴¥£ֱܲð칫ҡ
һţֻ᰺۶ڰ칫
ˣλŮܾϲ
ԭƳ˵һ֧ǩ֮󣬶ġ
Һóƽˡ
ϹеɫҲ
ᰵĻû޸ô˿̶̬ȿ϶ġ
ᰣӦûˣҼһ塣ڣýһЩΪá
Ͼصɲ֡
ɴܣҲȫ͸
ҪӦȴ۳ԳЦܵûһҪܼ塣
ѡ塱ĸ˵ر
ԭûʲô·еˡ
ȻŮܲõĶǺǿģҲ֪һϲЦ˲Ϊ⣬Գ˵Ҫô飿
ȵɳ°ɡ˵ţɳλɽŮеԳ
Ҳеš
ȻóܵĶƺ֢ÿκͳܽӴᰲɬŮ
ܿ˼ȿ͸ͫһᰵ
һ֮£棡
ΪСе캮Ȼ࣡
ô£
ѵ⻹ܺɱѡ޸᰻йأ
幹ָƵĳ˿̶еǳ档
ᰵĺ֢ǲġ
ô𣿡᰷ֳ죬ǲʵ
ʵ˵ʱ֪ʲôԭĺ֢ͻȻ˺ܶ࣬ûʲô쳣仯ĻԺֻҪһ°һξˡ
˵Ǻ£գ֪ӦþϲǳԾ
Ҳһ棬Ȼг޷жϳĲ֢仯ԭ
΢΢һЦϣǺ£Ҫ۲һʱ䣬Ҳߣиеκβĵط绰֪ͨҡ
õġ뵽ԺֻҪһ°һκ֢ľееʧ䡣
ʱ칫⴫ڵ
᰿ڡ
߽һְҵװŮӣᰵ顣
ֻɫǼߵɳǰ΢΢ͷ˵ܣһ¡
ʲô£΢΢졣
֪һȽϳȣҲҡ
ȴһģ϶С
˵£ʡĸƵڱҪҪȿ
áԽԽ졣
æ򿪰칫ĵӣתƾƵ
ֻһŮټĲ
δͿŸعԴ˾ƶʡῪҩֹ˾ڣֽʡ̽Ȼ󲨣
ݵ飬عɶ³ɭҩҵͷйϵ
˴ΰɭƶʡֹ˾˾ʽ죬ҩҵͷƶʡҽԺҩƷ˾ֹͣ۹ʮһֽҩ
аư֢İҩ
ҩҵͷͬʱֻ򸣶عҩֹ˾ʮһֽҩ
֮󣬸عʡҩֹ˾⹫Ѿ̶ʮһֽҩļ۸ÿһֽҩ۸񶼷屶ϡ
ʮһֽҩԲ˵Ҫ۸޷ƽ򵽣ضƶʡĲɼصӰ죡
ɫˡ
عɵֶξȻ˺ݶ
Ȼ͹ҩҵͷϣ߽ҩ۸ھ
˵Ωͼعȫˣ
вõԤУøعôĶ϶ΪǮô򵥡
뵽֮ǰٱعϰ尢ɭⰢɭԳ˽
ΰɭƶʡᣬܿչ
һϢعɲʮһֽҩ۸񣬻ֻۣÿʮ¼عҩֹ˾վ
ߣҵȻˣֶΣŭһ䡣
ٲŽҩعɾȻۼĵӣ͸ֻһ㼢Ӫʵ̫ˣ
ҲüعΪزӦóˡ
ԸֹʾͷزҲܼ֡ûôֹۡ
ΪʮһֽҩļҩҵͷЩҩҵͷ˾ܲڹڡ
زʵʩͷֶΣǳѡ
񸣶عֳţںҩǮزŶǿӲֶΣɭܻܿһŭֱֹ֮ͣ۽ҩʱزŶҪͷ




905¡ɭı
 

ڣʡҽҩزţѾɹԱȥ͸عҩֹ˾档
һ棬ҽԺҽҩ˾ʡеҽԺҽҩ˾ʮһֽҩ
ٴ룬عƺԤϡ
ʱ򣬴ܲð칫עϢĳ֪ܿҽҩܲ븣عɵĽʧˡ
ܲΥг涨ΪɣҪ󸣶عɽͽҩ۸ͬʱı۷ʽӦʱֶΡ
ЩҪ󣬶عһһܾ
ֳļ߱ʱܲŵĴ쵼ŭ⸣عɺģʡΣ
عɻ˸³ȴһ㲻Ϊõɭ⣬ְʮһֽҩ۸ɡ
ܲŵĴ쵼ȻǳŭعɵûеֻǷ߶ȥ
Ϣڶ֪ܲҲøعû취ˡ
ΪʮһֽҩЩУûдҩֻӲıعɵĸ߼ҩӡ
ʡҽԺҽҩ˾󹺽Ҳˡ
ԭҹҩҵͷõɭĺôѻĸʡеʮһֽҩӦͣڿ˵ʮһֽҩѾڹڹӦ
ƶʡҽԺҽҩ˾ֻǲɹһС֡
ÿʮһֽҩʡᲡƣӦ
عҩֹ˾վļ۸˵һֽҩһжҪԪ
Ҫʮ
ͨ
һۣҲʡһЩ֮Ҳˡ
˲ϢȺӿ׷׳عɳѪͷġ
ϣ΢֪ɡ΢Źںŵзý壬Ҳһͬĳ𸣶عɡ
ͨǲøֹŭعɣкڿͽعɵվˡ
¸عɹ˼Сʱ
һУɭ͸³⡣
޷¼ʮһֽҩʱԿĻǻˣ
˿ĳߵӾرߣһչԡһƷƣʮֵ⡣
³ĿӾرߺͳɨɨȥЦ˵ɭֶ̫ˣŻĵļܲźܿҪٴλ
³ſɣһиġɭ̫۾Сһںƣ˵ڲٿܲŵЩˣҪ֪ǵĿϼźճµСӣ˷ųϢϼܲúճµ̸С
ѵ³ĿһµBOSSҪʲôˡ
ɭǹյЦݣҾٱҵ˽ʱճµĻСӸˣ
ȥ죡³վһװóֻ绰
ɭֲһ䣺ˣʲôйˣ˵Ѽǣ
˵־³ʵ
ԣҪ仰
õģϡ
³ܿ·ųϢ
Ϣٴκ䶯ȫǣ
عɾȻָϼŵܲúϯҽʦȥ̸С
ýڶ˼⡣
Ϊʲôعɻϼ½ʡҵͷ
ȻϼҲҩ˾͸عɴûʲôҵ
ýڷ׷ײ²ʱʡ塢ȴףعΪʲôҪƶʡҩֹ˾ˡ
ԭǳϼģ
ʱЩ塢ȥμҸ֪꣬ʡһֹٱ˰ɭ˽
ɭ϶˼Ǻ޳ͨҵֶ
ҵǰɭֶΣΪɭǹϳҵࡣ
ЩɭССʮս˼ʮҾ֣øعһԾΪԴ˾
ϼȻΪƶʡ½ҵͷعȫһ
̫ˣ
ʡһЩҵѾ뷨
Ще֧ϼţϼҵеȫ
ϼҪ군ˣΪζǸعɣʲôҪǿ࣡
ϼűĳǿףϾֻǸҲ˴ơ
˵ϼһƯСǿˣôعɾһս̹ˡ
ܳôãս̹ԿҪ÷飡
һϼŵ£ô֮ǰϼվӵҲܵǣ
һЩҵ뵽ʼ׼
Ȼ̷ǶԳĹ̷Ҳϼŷչһٹ١һĹϵ
ڳʢŻмûĺԶţڳ˸ۻ𡢿Ϸ̬ȡ
ȻҲˣͬΪʡͷ֮һǺϼŵĹϵǾں
һϼŴƣͰмһѻ𣬴Ĳ




906¡ϵڱ
 

ƿʡȦң򱣳̬ȡ
ҽҩҵҵսȫӰ첻ҡ
ȻҼ֮ŮǺԸͳѺùϵģϾǷhķ˿ϣͨh
ССĺšǲʵļ壬վϼˡ
ʡ̽簵ӿзļ
ᰣ׼ǰعԼ̸еصڡ
һҸ߶ҵʿƵꡣ
֮ǰ˴̸еĸعҩֹ˾CEOϡ
Ǹ־CEOᰶеǳ졣
ʾ־ԭֻʡһСҩ̣Ǹعɹ˾Ա
ȻعƸCEOҲ֪ɭʲô
ᰵ۽磬жϳλ־ûʲô̫ͣһҿŷֹ˾CEO
벻ͨɭ⣬᰻Ǿǰȥ̸С
ϾϵʡƲĽΣ
̸ܾеĻϼžԻᱻڵĿˮ
ǳˣˡ
˴̸УعҪֻǰȥûиһ

ǰ̸ָеصʱ־ɭڵĸߵȥ
־δ뵽ԼܹϱX6
ŷ̵˿Ӷ⼸λðľ
ʵ̫λˣ
ԭ־ֻһССĴҩ̣ѧֻרˮƽżԱС˾ҩƷڡ
ʮʡƴֱʮ궼ûʲôϢҩѾɵĵʮְҵˡ
˵Ϊֹ־ʧ
Լǰ־μɺԶŷ붭³Լƶʡҽҩ̻Ͼٰҩ̴ᡣ
ڴϣ־һȽȽˣ
ʱ־ۿųԿ붭³ͼͻ᳤ͷ̷ҵ̷ύ
־֤ĻشȫǴ֪ʡ¾ͷϼŵϯҽʦ
ǿʧܵ־
ķǳǳĽԼҲܳΪҽѧӢš
ÿڳдĳ־ζգֻʣĴܸкС
֪ƾԼͣôƴҲܱȵϳ
գ־ĽתΪʣƾʲôôᣬȴô㣬һ˼
˵ϼŮܲõš
Сһ˶ôã
־ÿ춼ʵ˯žÿȴòзĻش
ʵ̫ˣ
ʮ꣬־ڿĻشС׬һʡ
СǮ򷿡Ȣš
뵽ôͿشΪ̣ܵõôƯŮˡ
־ļչŤĵز˳
ڳȫʶ£־ÿ콫顣
ν˱ˣˡ
־޳ӵеһУʼ֣кͳйصĶ
شˡ
־ʡССҩУΨһشˡ
ԱˣµԱҲȥ
ΪԱǴûôϰ壬Ȼ׬ǮĻش⡣
ٸŸȥĻֻܺ硣
һ죬־ڳݸһСư֮ͻȥ̿ɱ
ʱڰ̨ϵ־ͻȻоڱļ
־عͷ䣬˱Ⱦơ
־ͷ֪֮ԼԶǸ˳ֵһĻ
һİУװڡ
־ڣʱֻоǸеı·һʥ⣬̫ҫ̫ۡ˸жˣ
ǵģ߹ΰʴȡİɭ·ʹˡ
ɭڵĵһ仰־ԺкȻһһƬհס
Ը⵱Ҹعҩֹ˾CEO𣿡
ƶʡ켣꣬ó־ʮְҵ֮һûٺд򽻵öӢġ
־仰ȴ׵סˡ
һȥϰ塢󸻺УȻȥʲôҩֹ˾CEO
־ԼˣΡ
ֱɭСһ߶˴Ĵ¥칫־ѹ
һƯ椣Ӧǰɭ־򵥽ʲôǸعɡ
־˸ǿҵ֮С
Ϳŵܣֹ˾CEO
ֱϵڱ˼飡
Ϊʲôѡң־ǧֻʳ仰
ɭźͰ΢ЦΪƶʡҩֻ̣ûдϼŵĻش
ѡҵԭ򣿡־ţúܻ
ǵģô򵥡ɭǵЦ̺һ˿ǸعɵĿҲܼ򵥣ǸϼţǸг˾




907¡ڵ
 

־ͻȻЦ
û뵽ϣ˺һ޳
˺һɭ͸عɵһȲϣ
ͨǸ椵Ľܣ־Ѿ˽⣬عʲô𣬾ܰϼųѹ
ɭΪ־ͻȻƸ뵱CEO˷ˡ
ַӦ֮ڡ
ԸǶԸ𣿡ɭĻͬħջ
ܶģ仰˵ú־ʲô˲õعɶҪ¡ضԴһ
־Ļŭţһθܵӵĸо
ָо̫ˣ
𾴵İɭҵȻԸ⣬ǳǳԸ⣡
֪ҰͲóСȥ
ŶԭͳйڣɭȤʵ
־ͻȻŨŨĺ⣺ҾǿСôãëû룬ƾʲôӵвƸŮʡܶô꣬ȴһУ
ˡɭЦ飬ڸһᣬЩŬ˷ѡ
ɭ˵ţŮ˸ָŮóһӢ˫ֵĺͬŵ־ǰ
־һͬϵ֣ʱð⣡
عɸнȻ򣬶
ˣ³׵ķˣ
ֻҪǩݺͬͲʧߣǱȳɹҵӢ
Ͼϼŵϯҽʦôܺ͸عɵķֹ˾CEOأ
ллɭһúøɵģ־Ȳֱʣǩֵʱձʵֲϲ֡
һĻɭ΢΢
ϲ־衢ͷԼ򵥡̰ͼǮƵķ
ֻˣÿơ
ʱñ˾ǡ
ĪҸϲ֮е־עõɭı飬·˵Ĳǡ
𱻰ɭ˾ǩº֮ͬCEO۷ÿһʱ̣űX6־Ծ¶ɵЦݡ
ڣɭʡıˡ
־СעͣĺűڴķӣӾرߡ
ɭ͸³۵ɹչԡ
𾴵İɭ³ˡ־ϹϾʺ
۽⣬ȴӾرȥӾζŵסˡ
һűȻᡢ𷢱ۡĻ𱬵椣־ϵʿˮ
ɭ͸³־ı龡۵ס
˶һЦֿ˵һȱݣɫ
ǵҩֹ˾CEO⼸ϰ𣿡ɭƵʵ
־Ĩ¿ˮͷ˵ϰߣȻϰߡ
ܲϰ
CEO⼸죬ҩֹ˾ĴС¶Ҫȫһи߲
־Ϊɭع帣ġ
ϰ߾ͺáɭ΢Цŵͷ֪һ뾡Ըڽһ񡣡
ʲô˵־˫ĿŹ⣬ͻ飬ڳǰװƵĳ
ɭȴˣǿ³
̫Ļɭ˵
³֮£ӹͷϼŵܲãƵ̸Уǹҩֹ˾ʮһֽҩ顣
ԭˣҪҳ̸𣿡־ɵܿ뵽һ㡣
³ͷûǴƶʡҽԺҽҩ˾Ͳ̸еģ϶ϣǽͽҩ۸񣬲޹ʱ㶼ҪӦ
ףһӦô־ǫʵ
³˵̸ʱһϼŴӦǸعչǳԷϹȻŷϸɭ¹Ǹ
ֻҪǴӦǲŻήʮһֽҩļ۸񣬲޹
ˣ̸ʱǼ㣬׼һ¾͹ȥ־Ȳڳǰҫ
ʱɭ΢Цڵļ㿴ЩȻŮϲĸһ͸ġ
ģǾ̫лɭˣ־ܳĿϲ
û뵽ɭô
˿־޲ù򰢵ɭĽֺͷˡ
㼸ӵѡ֮־ѡһ椣ֽ§뻳УԶ
ǰɭ͸³־ֱӰˡ
̸ʱ㣬ﾡ棬ȵӣٹȥɭһ椰æѩѣһں˵
ף
־ɫ˷ѡ椽һ䣬ȥˡ
־ûþͳˣȥƣߵӡ
ɭ͸³Ц뻪ǲá
ɭҿɲϢһ¡־§椣һ˼ģ˵
Ȼԡɭ˸ָߵ椸־һơ
̿Ѿڰˣ֮׹Դȥ̸еʱǸٺãҲԲҶôԷĴ󵨵
һαϲѶΣ뵽ԼΪ׹־ϲ֮ɫ¶š
밢ɭģһ֮Сӣܻģ
ɭĵͷ
ӣ־ˡ




908¡ҫ
 

Ŀ־§ȥ³ת򰢵ɭ˵ϼźͳӦòӦǵɣ
ǵȻӦѾ˺ɭҡװźƵľƱһصɫ
³ûжʣڴǻ۵İɭʲôϲ
־ڳϲ˵Ѿҩ椿ȥƵꡣ
ɭĸڣں档
ʱᰣѾھƵĳȵÿ첻ͷˡ
ԷȻǴȵ㣬ڻû
ǿǵôಡŽҩΣˡ
ղ᰻ӵҽҩܲŵĵ绰ϣ̸йУϼܾҩ۸ѹͣøعȡֶΡ
ڳĴʱ򣬰űˡ
߽ĸ˸ڣߣ·ʲô￪
ţ־§һ˽һֺģ
Ҫľ߸ϵĳʽ
ϧûý㱨Ϊɭϣ˴̸бܡ
Ǹعҩֹ˾CEO־ôã˲˵ĳʽŭʵ
־ͷûҾ־Ӧܡ
ϻ˵ʼ̸аɡú˶ѿࡣ
־˫۶ʱڳһŻǸҫģǱģ
漴־Ŀŵϣ¶а֮ɫһֵֻǴʡ̽Ůʣܰɣ㳤ñȴ˵лҪƯһٱ
ḡĻ΢΢һü
Ϊ˹ȫ֣֣׼־֡
־Ŀ̰ɨӣλɽܲõò§ŵǿ̫ˣ
ҲƵŮ
ֱǼƷ
־֣ͨԳԶʱ
סᰵ֣ȻԼ֡
ɲϣᰱɫһ塣
𣿡־ŭѵ
־Уĳ߸ϣԼֻһֻ΢ϡ
أ
ǴͿŷֹ˾CEOֻϼŵĸ߼У
ڵҽʱͬˣΪһҩ̴ʱĵλ𣿡־ų˵ĿǼţֵ⣡
̫ˣû뵽Լһܽȵ£
Ŷԭ㵱Ҳμҩ̴ᡣǵ־
ֻô˿̵־һС˵־úܶġ
ûԵᰵĶ־ҲΪ⣬ɽ˳ġ
һӣ־§椴ֵȥ
ܣȻعǹ̸Уϣ˴̸У˫ܹԲЭ顣˵ţͳһ
־ЦһܣҪ״ǴҽԺҽҩ˾ͲǣǸû̸еʸ񣡡
ǺǣǸعɽʲô˵ϻˣĻؾ
־صһӣʢ˵˵ô㻹ƢǲǣҺ̸ֵõ˵𣿡
㣡ŭǣرһСˡ
񰲸һ³óҪ嶯´˴̸ѡ
뵽ôಡĽΣֻ
־״ӵˣ泩úݺݵ˻һѡ
ܣϣ˾ʮһֽҩѼ۸񽵵͵֮ǰˮ׼Ҳ޹˾ʲôǻᾡ㡣᰿ʼ̽Ůǿ˵Ľɫ
־ٺЦʲô̸𣿾㲻Ұ
һЦĻö̲סˡ
ܣǴعģء
Ŷ㲻˵ҵˡ־˵ɭ˵ˣϼǸعչȻԷϹ򣬵ýɭǸǲŻῼǵҪ󡣡
Σ
˹ֵôܴӦ
ӦǰɣǺãڵCEOæʱ䱦ˡˣ־ƾҪվ
ȵȣ
æסܣ˾еڿˣϣܺͰɭ̸һƽķ
Ѿ־ֻǰɭһС䣬ɭ־ǵġ
ܣȻʡ̽ŮʣͰɭ̸»񡣡
־ǹϷʵЦݣָϵ˵ڿʲôƺеΪѵӡ
ɣɭǱҵţҸ˸һᣬƵ꿪ңǺúõġ̸һ̸




909¡
 

־˻һԭŵò΢ЦȫȻʧһ㺮˪
ôܣڻǰͲúϧ𣿡־ȣϾĵȴᰵĻش
û᰿ڣ㻺վ
ʲô־һ¶Сµıԡ
־Ѿ˵ѧ֣һֵĻԺм֮
˵ʲô
ǺǣŻ˭־뵽Լݣ˲٣Ӹ㣬ɭѾڰҰ׹̿ˣҺܿ׹Ҷһԣ
˵ⷬ־ֱԵá޿
ǰڷǵǸعɷֹ˾CEO֮׹񣬾ʡıţҲҪǶִĺ
־ĸڣǰһֹͻȻ֡
Ȼĸں⣬־ŵСһƣס֡
һ̸Уɭǹ־衢ŭǡ
ϵĻ֮û̸ˣ
㲻Ǻţ书ܸҰ־ٺЦ
ԳĿ־ڳʧ
Ӹλǿĸоʵ̫ˣ
ʱʡһЩţ˵ʡ̽Ůʣôʡеĵһˡ
һˣȴ־裬־ˬ޷κ
С˲ϳȴˣΪûҪƽϡ
ǳľƽ
Ԥϵ̸кܿܲɹֻӦˡ
ȻˣᰴӦ־Ҫ
˵־˵ղô㣬ڱưǰɣûǸ;ͱǰװܣһӼ£鷳㿼ǿһ㣬״𲻴Ӧ
ܣ˼ҲӦҪֻϣܺͰɭ̸̸˵
־Բصĺһ
һһᰣǱᡢȴֱȳɹſ
CEO˾Ȼɫ
־ĵŭٴڲݣ޲̽ԴȵϣȻٰᰰ󵽾Ƶ귿Ū
ãȻҸᣬǲҪҿôճ־˵仰վ§椺ĸ߳ᡣ
С˵־ˡҡҡͷ
һ֮ɫÿ춼дԸعɵʮһֽҩ󣬸عȫûнͼ۸ȡ޹˼Ǹô죿
̫ģȰ취һ˵ȻȥɣԤƸعɻһƻҪʱʱעعɵĶ̬
ᰵͷͳһ뿪Ƶꡣ
־صɭĸߵͼӴ׵򰢵ɭᰵĳ
ɭ÷ǳ죬¶Цݡ
ٱҵ˽ں
ȻǱƻĵһ
³ǽеڶ
ɭָʾ³ĵͷ
ɭ˿ѩѣ³һȦż˵ϸϼźͳȥý壬Ƿĳ𡣡
˵ϼ˽ȫֻ֣ҪϼŴӦǺҵǸǾͻήͽҩ۸ȡ޹ϼ̸йк˲Źҩֹ˾CEO̸ѡ
Щýдһ㣬֮һҪϼŲ˲Σ˽ҵ󡣡
ˣ³ǰһɭ̫ˣ
ԭعɵչϼšԷ书¹Ǹ
ɭһģԵǵȫ֣ϼô򵥵ӦΪƶʡˡ
־ҲĴ𾴵İɭǻļֱ̫˽ˣڻģǷǳֲģҽ³Ӷˮռޣۣϼźͳûз֮ˣ
ĽܺãԲɡɭĿ佱һ䣬־ܳմմϲ
ܿ죬ϳǵֳϼŵ£ټˮ࣬һʱǵĿˮϼȫû
ԭعǱһȫתˡ
ûȥ߽ҩ۸񡢸㼢Ӫĸعɣعɽйȥ̸еϼš
Ⱥӿø໰áԼľӪҵǰᰶʱĸо
վᰱ󣬰磬λŮܲõѹ




910¡ľ
 

֥ǱߣƳο϶ϼһƬߵÿȥˣ¹ʡֹ˾
ܲð칫ҺƳοᰰĦĳеΡ
ɫ΢΢һ죬һ
ɫȻʵƳΣôˣ
㣬϶ǼǵصĨáӦȫŤתۣƳߵ˵
ƳΣ۴ѳɣŤתˡ̾һ
Ƴ˵ѵɸعɵˮĨڹϼ𣿡
֮Ǿҩȱ޷ε侲
ҲܲǼŵ󡣡Ƴ˵ţһԵ֣鷳ƽҡ
齫ƽԵݸƳΣƳδ΢ɡ֪΢Źںŵȵƽ̨ҵĨϼŵۣ۷
˵ϼŲǲӦعɵǸعɵ̫ˣǸعԼ˵򵥡
ƳεۺܿͱȣƳһ˸ظ
ʧȥǵƳᣬ֪Լ˵ʲôҲûˡ
ʵƳ֮⣬һЩڱ֥ιˣϼźͳά⣬˵ϼžԲǺҵ
ЩǵķۣûĿˮ֮С
ϸعɵˮͨվɾϼŵۣңҪתʵ̫ˡ
ҪҲˮĺ۰ɣƳҧűݣġ
ϵˮڷ۴սûõġҡҡͷ˷ѾϸعɶϼҪóʵжŤתۡ
Ƴβʵô죿
عɵĹǾܴӦԽֻһǾҾȫʱڣƳʮһֽҩҩ˵Լľ
ʱƳεɴ
ʮһֽҩɲô򵥾ƳҩģʵʮǰҽѧŶڷʮһֽҩһֱûƳɹ
Ϊҽѧ߲ƳεȻ֪ƽҩҩѶжôߡ
Ѿ漰׹ļˡ
Ϊʲô׹ҩô޿֣ⶨ߼ҩع۸ߺü㼢ӪΪ֪оҩҩ
ϾûҲ˵Ҫһԡܼ
ƳλǺܵǣ֪ҽǷҽѧרҽѧ漣ʮһֽҩƷĿڶʱ𣿡
죬ıˣΪʡƵĲұ뾡Ϊ¶һ֮󣬾;ҡƳΣҪһƣȥһ䶥ҽѧʵҡ
Ƴμôֻܵͷ
ȻԼİ֮˾Ҳֻܼᶨĸ档
ܰﵽæƳԸ⸶ȫġ
ҽѧоǷǳ׿飬˴ҩƳ֪ضǳѡࡣ
Ǽʡᣬûпоšʱ᰿ڣҲһֳ֧ľȻҪҩҪҪȥ캣езţﻹǼŵҽѧרŶӿ԰æ
˵ˣȥ캣ҲҪ˷ʱ䣬ֱȥʡҽѧоԺרңһʵңΪôಡĽǻӦġ
ھ͹ȥɡƳ˵ţ߹ȥţҪͳǰʡҽѧоԺ
˸߳ܲð칫ңӳ㼱Ҵ˵ˣ¥˺öಡǵļǼţԽԽ࣬ǱӿƲסˣ
᰺Ƴһɫһ䡣
ߣȥ
ͱӳ¥£ִɽ˺ǧ˾ۼ׷׳ϼ˽Ϊ롣
ЩģϼŴòҶͳסӵһġ
뾲һĶԪȡ
˲ǹȫǧ˵á
Щͼһ̰ˡ
ǳҽ
˽˳
ǳҽ
˻ʶֻ֪ϼиϯҽʦг
ͨǴϼŴ߳ûϯҽʦ
ҾҲ˲²⣬ƽˣֻϼŽгʱ
Ұһ£һԡ
ƽȶֳ̺Űĵ
Ǽ׼ƸعʮһֽҩҩƳԵͼǣҲҪļǡ
ҩ
һ仰ôſǧ۷׷ףٴαӡ




911¡ŵ
 

ϼŵɵʮһֽҩҩȲ˵ƾǵʵܲоĳɹˣǵõȵ£һСӷ߷߲ƽʵ
Сһ¾˵ؼ㡣
ʱǧֿʼȺӿϼûˡ
Ծϼڲȥ󸣶عɣƭЩ߻мֱ̫ˣ
ֽƲסۿ¸ղʵǸСӡ
СֻһˣûлҲǻߵļһﰵԵ⡣
ܿ³Сӵݡ
϶Ǹعɿߵġ
ǧ֮Уع˻в٣ʮ
˴ôϼŴſھ֣ʵǸعɰɿǰɭƻһ֡
ͣһͣͣһͣٴθȣѹסȫĳ֮
ǰǸСֿˣôŻЩǲǣںöಡȶҿǹģ
ǰ˵ʲôҽҿǺ˵ӹҽչ˻ҽѧ֪ʶȺ֮Уһ긽ſڡ
ЦЩعɵǻᶮõ
һһͣǧ˶ϼŸˡ
ƽ͵ĿڵĳȽ飬ͬҲӰ컼ô侲
侲ǹʱİɣйǽϽȥ󸣶عɣǰǸСװǳ˵
ûϽӦعɵɣôಡ˵ϼǵûĵģ
ɫ΢⼸عɵ˵ȥƾҪƲסˡ
뵽к˸ɱţĵ˼عɵһۡ
ʱŵ
ʱס⼸֮󣬳º͵˵ҽϼžҩǺƭλҿϼŵһ֮ڣƳʮһֽҩҩ
˻һվƳξﲻѡ
û뵽Ȼֱ֤
һƳʮһҩȫҽѧרңҲ
ҲʮЩҩȴ޽չˡ
ĳŵһ¾ͽϼƵ޿·ĵز
ûɳŵĻϼֻйŴ󼪣ƽϢʡƻߵŭ
ĻǰǸСӻع̰еΪɰһƳɹⲻƭ˵Ĺ𣿡
ǾǣһǾԲܳɹģֲʲôɵӣҩô򵥣
Ҳ⣬첽ߵǰɿСǰҿûҲǻ߼ȱʮһֽҩ
ûôѵͲ𣿡Сһţǿ򶨵˵
һЦͻȻٵ֣Сǰڴһץ
һŹ֤õУȻŵ˵ǰ
ҿʲôѾ֤ݣ˷ĵĸ˿
ǰˣܿͿ幤֤ϵĹ˾ȻǸعҩֹ˾
Сӳ׵Ļˣû뵽֪Ĺ֤ĸڴһһ¾Ͷ˹ȥ
컹ңС˵žҪع֤
ֱӶȥ󲿷˶Ѿˡ
ڴ˰ɣعɿǣϼţ
ʵθعɵһϵֶΣǼţϣҲҪˡ
һʱѵ汻ˣ
ǵЩ뵽ϼзĻشƷ۸ʵݣ츣ʡϰա
ұ֥⣬ˣȷʵһ˽ĵҵ
ǸعɵģͲ𣿡˿ʼ侲СӲĽʵϼŲӦعɵǧߵĽڲˣ
һ仰𣬸عɾҪϼţҲ̡
ֻҪϼ΢Կһ㣬ܾôಡΪʲôϼŲӦ
µ񣬳ҲЩŲţҪ˵ࡣ
ԸҵĻԸعɢЩۣȫĨϼŵģ
ʵϸعһǼŴӦչұýǰعϰµǸ
˻һȫһƬȻ
λСҽ˵ôعɵȷʵ̫ˣ
ǲҪϰǹҵ࣬ôСӽƱ
ò˵˵Ŀڲźܲٴ˲ɡ
ɫƽ˵ԸǻĵҵŹҵҶû֮һгŵһƳȫҩ




912¡ԱŸ
 

һ̫ˣҶӵĲˣһŮĨῪڡ
иɫܲӪСӡ
ҰҲȲôˣ
ҽ㣡
ļǷ׷׿ڣʾǵȲһڡ
ð̾һعǺ˲ǳ
λģ뵽Ǳ֥ÿǱ֥жԻλĲ֢ҺʮһֽҩйصĲ֢֥ơƽ͵Ȱ˵
ڱ֥õļλҽѾڵĶѧ߰˰ˣҽˮƽܸߣƴ󲿷֢
һЩͼһ֪Ҳûʲôã񻯲飬ȥ֥һܲκãơ
ұ֥⣬ڱܺãʡϰβľѡ
˿ʼתȥֶƳ˵ƳΣҲȥ֥ðæɣٰ캣еҽѧŶӽй
ĻֻһȥʡҽѧоԺˡƳһ֮ɫ
΢΢һЦû£һоԺҽѧרҰæƵġ
ðɡ
Ƴڴſڷֵ
ϼŴſڻЩߺͼԸȥϣϼžӦعɵ
ֻܾסЩˣǵľٶ
ܿʡҽѧоԺڡ
оԺ¥󣬳ǰ̨ݣǰ̨Сȥ¥һҺš
Ӻ󣬼Ű״µ˽
ʮͣһʮҡɫࡢѧߣٲȻȺ˵䡣
ϼŵϯҽʦ
΢΢ͷûҾǳǣ
ʡҽѧоԺ硣ͷѧ䵭Ŀڣûбһ˿ӭ顣
ҲΪ⣬ƽ˵ãùԺһʵңƸعʮһֽҩҩ
仰ҽѧרҷ׷¶֮ɫ
֪Լ˵ʲô
ʵоԺҲյʮһֽҩع¢ϵϢ֪ʡŽҩΡ
˽оԺҲûƽҩҩ뷨
Ϊƶʡרҵҽѧרң֪ҩжôѣ˵ǲܵ顣
ȻѧҽģӦʮһֽҩƵóҩȻ䵭˵
ʵûбֳġ̵̬Ѿܺˡ
Ϊȫ֪ߵغ
ļ˵֪ѣһԣõҽƷ
ҽ΢΢죬Цҡҡͷ
ҽѧר·ɵһ㿴ų
Ϊܵϼϯҽʦضҽѧһ裬û뵽ѧҽ
ҽôˣʣܸܵ绰Ĳм
ĮˣҽǻƭȻҽķƴҩȰ㻹á
ΣһԡλоԺ̸Ѿŵ˻ߣҪһʱƳдҩϣͿԽùԺʵҡ
һڣˡֱԣ̫֪ˣ
ʮһֽҩٻҽѧרҾʮꡢٴʵ飬ûзҩߴҩ
һƳһƳȫʮһ֣һֽҩĳɷֶ޷
粻ѵҽѧרҲԳҽѧˮƽʧ
ΪϼϯҽʦзشĲƷضǻҽѧ
治˴һЩҽѧרҶóˮƽ̫ˡ
зش˵ֻöѡ
ԣҪĹˣ˵Σ㲻ùܲƳֻҪԺøʵҾУҿԻؽã㿪ۡ
˼оԺʵңҪǱоȥĻԻᱻȫҽѧ統ЦҲܻоԺһڷ
΢΢üͷζԼҽĳɼʵ̫
Ѿȫ˵ͨˡ
ǵԺΰæһ£غʡǧĽΣ
ΪҽΪ˲룬ˣûбֳֻ
ҡҡͷԺģҲͬҵ㲻˷ʱˣ㡣
˸һ£ʲôû˵ֱ߳ʡҽѧоԺ¥
ȻܽоԺʵңֻܿñ֥ʵϰϼǴѧʵˡ
ֻѧʵң豸˲ſ϶ȲʡҽѧоԺ
ǵĴѧȥʱӵһ绰
ǹ˾㣬ܻܲᰡ




913¡ҽ
 

ҿԻ˭ңĺܺ档
֪ȥоԺʵңʱȣرҪ϶绰
ֻ绰ͷ˵Է˵Ǿҽ
ҽһˣǵһ£ϻ
ʮӺ󣬳صϼʡֹ˾á
һܲð칫ң㿴ɳϣͼŮ̸
һλ׷ߣų
ŮԴְװߵ»
ˡ᰿΢΢һ
߹ᰵͷǸߣòԵʵãγƺ
ǾҽѣƶʡλСҽ𣿡ߺǺͰ˵
Сҽҵ΢Цͷǫ˵ԭǻϣžҽֻش£Ȼ鴫֪ңʲô飿
ˣҳȷʵҪ飬Ⱥͳ֤һݣᡣѵƽͣΪ˴ºϽ
ЦЦ֤ˣϴŵҩ飬֪Թഫʵ۴ҽ
ŶȻϵҩĳ̫ѵˣѸ֮ɫ
ϵ⴮ҩ鲢ͨʯĳֺʯƵвҩַƳΡ
ַֻоҽ֪ʩչһҪʵ׼˵ҩǾҽ
ֻǵִ󲿷ҩʹ鱦ߣʣ޼
Ҳֻлھҽеλߵʸӵһ
ϵҩ飬Ȼаҽء
ѵļᣬȴʶԨ֮ġ
Ȼϵҩ飬Ҿͳ˵ˡ۳룬ɫ˴ǰƶʡᣬΪ˸عɵʮһֽҩ˵ܺ͸ع̸ʧܣ֪ʲô֮
ϣعûдӦ˵ţֵ˵һ顣
ȻѸߣͷԾɺһ¾ͨеĹؼ֮
عصָϼ̸У˹ֵȻǹϼš
˫Ѿûпˣ֣صʵ
ͷǸعɵ̸˵Ծǵȫò벻ٴ̸еĿԡ
⡭¶ɫ
عɵ̬ǿӲѰˡ
ʱ˰칫ĵӣ˵ܣع¶ˣ
ֻŸعصš
һŰ״µˣڽ̨ܵĲɷá
ǸعҽѧŶӵоǷϼŵĻشƷ⣬һʱпܳصĺ֢ϣҽҩܹܲ飡
ᰵɫȥ
û뵽عɻʹĵĨֶΡ
ƾ仰ͶԻشƷ⡣
ڻشϼĲƷΪŴϼʡǡ
عȻҪشҲ׸
ӻǰˣȻʼſֻˡ
ΪǸعɵҽѧרңżߵ˵ģŶȺܸߡ
ϼš˽ûдӦعɵҪѾڵĿ
ϼĻشıȡ˽Ҳǲܡ
ϾûĲƷôôͼأ
һشʡҲһµʱ䡣
˭Ҳѱꡢһ᲻ֺ֢
뷨׷׳׼ϼ˻ȺҪ⳥
̨Ӱżתһ򣬾ͷһͷװȴеˡ
һ½˳Ǹعҩֹ˾CEO־
ֻ־žͷеЦ˵ʵǸعϼźΪϼŵĻشƷгǱ뵱شĺ̡
ʧǣشȻص⣬ñǼ
ΪϰյĽΪȴҩĲܹȬǸعɾϼһλᡣ
ֻҪϼŴӦٿŷᣬͻشڵǸǻ̽ʮһֽҩ۸ȡ޹
־ⷬһ
عǷڻϿ
Ķͬ뷨ζЭ
ϣʡҽѧоԺĹϵôѡ
ƶʡҽѧоԺʡκβżܺ쵼ֱǾҽԺоԺϼʵش¶֮ɫΪʲôôʣ




914¡ϵ
 

ϣ׼һ֮ڣƳʮһֽҩҩʵ
һѺļȫסˡ
ǵĵһӦͺʡҽѧоԺҽѧרһеš
ΪҽʥֵĻѣ˿ֻһ뷨Ǿǳΰ׳١
ˡֱԣҽѧʣǻڵģгʱ䣬ҲƳʮһֽҩмҩһƳȫҩǾܵģǶҽߣ̬Ͻؿѧĳ˵
֮ǰ˽ƳشԳҽѧǳ͡
ǰƶʡ˽ҩ¼֮⣬ϣܹ뾩ҽԺ
ǳľȴûѾеøԶˣҽ˵Ǵɡ
ҽѧо̤ʵأһͣ˻ѲȰһ
ҲûָѻţϾҪ̫ˣ
ϣҲֻеõаҽеĳϣͻȥ׳١
ϣ֪һƳʮһֽҩҩǳԳɹҪһԡɫܼ˵ϣܰһʡҽѧоԺʵҡ
ѿ˺ü룬ջǴӦðɣȻҿ԰롣
֪Ҫ飬ɣȴܹ쵽
Ǿ鷳ˡ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ѺЦľģڴ֮ǰȼʶһ³ĶʵΪ˶ġ
ΪҽԺĹҽʥ֣ʱʱעҽѧŶ
ڹ֮ǰѵ֪ƶʡ˲ʧѾõĹŴʮ롱һһˡ
ͨһ飬ѻóĴϣ֪ϼϯҽʦзشƷȫǴ
˻ѹ֮󣬽Žҩ¼Űݻ
˼Ҫչ¶һֶ𣿡΢΢ʵ
ѴȡһͭƵСˣ沼Ѩλ
ҽҳͭǼ崫ģԼһǧʷഫͭǹӵʮͭڲ쾫ܣ
Ŷʲô֮ʵͬʱ͸ɨһͭˣ֮ͭھȻ̺
ѵλӵĴˣһλܹƷ߲ɣ
΢Цشûв͸ֻҽżص֪ùӵĹʮͭʩ룬ַȷĻͭϵѨλͻᷢ⣻ǰţùʮʧ˱żҴͭˣͽ̡
ͽ̲ҵ뿴ĻҿԵʩ롣˵ţȡʱЯһһ
ǰһĿ¶ϲɫ˵ǾͷʩչһǶŹʮѾˣ
΢΢һЦλҽʥֵ֪ʮֻаҽĻ汾ġɽ롱ָ֪üʲô̶ȣ
㽫ɽĴڸ߻ѣΪɽҪԪʩչģִﻹ˿ҽޣҽʦ
ҽޣߵԪͳҲ޷ȡ
ʩչĶɽЧۿۡ
ӹѵͭˣһ룬ʼʩչνĹʮ롣
ѺļڴĿų
֪ҪͭСˣùʮ뻹Ҫһķ
עȻͭϵһѨλ
ˣ
һͭǸѨλǼų⡣
ǹʮ룡û뵽ϣйʮ봫ˣһڣȪ֪˽Ըˣ
һ̣ѼԸӣݺᡣ
Ϊǧҽңоμͭˡ
ֻҪоɹζŻҵõս˹ӵĴУѧʮ롣
ʵоĹУҽʮļɣҲ벻ͭ˻Ҫ
ѵļ֪϶ԹʮִжǷ׷¶𾪺֮ɫĿɿڴĿųͭһѨλ⡣
ʵ⼸Ҳǻҽѧ̳ʶ˳似֪֮졢ˡ
ʩΪǳ׵ľݣ޲õͳѧϰ
ܽҹʮԸΪʦ̫ˣ˵žҪ
Ϊҽ֪ʮ
˵ʮǻҽǧϵҽѧ屦




915¡ͽ
 

ʦӳѧʮ룬ؾҽԺ󣬾ǻҽѧ֮Ļ֮
Ϊ˾¹򣬻Ҳú֡
û뵽Ի˵¸صĵλݣȻΪѧϰʮ룬Ը¹
Ϊ˻ҽ磬ȫһˣ
ȻûѸ£̽ѷס
ϣҿԽڣ𳤣ΪͽҵǴԽҽ֪ʶ壬Ĵڡǳǫ˵
ƽʱаκ˱ϥ
ѱϾǹҽʥ֣ȹ˵Ϊҽѧ޴׵
˳軪ϼء
һϺһҽΪ屦ҽ֮ԱǣҲǳԻкøеһ㡣
ȻԸ⽫ôڸѸӼˣϲ
лл̫˽ˣѷĵǰҽ֮Ż֮Լҽ͵ѧȥȴԸ⽫ʮ봫ڸ࣬ҽҽѧԵĸл
ϣˣΪҽʵҽӦֻһ΢Ĵ߰ˡٴǫ
ѱΪһƳʮһֽҩҩóԸøԶҽѧš
һ۷λҽ
ȻԸڣǾΪʦɣǳϵ˵
ƶʡ֮ǰʹþҽԺʽ𣬸ڹʮ꣬ϧڵĴۡ
ĻҪѴڡ
Ķ飬Ϊ֪ͼһҽߣѲܲ
ֻаݳΪʦܱԼĳĺл⡣
ϾԻĻҽѧ뵱ӵҽѧ߲֪ж٣ÿ춼ȥ񣬿ѻż̤ˡ
ڻȴҪݳΪʦȫԽݣֻΪ˱Գľء
⡭΢΢ɡ
ҪôһλĹҽʥΪͽǾеˡ
Ȼȫ
ҵİʦʽׯأԸѡһգ뵽ҵ繫֤ˣǵаʦ񡣡ĳҪݳΪʦǳ϶ּ
һ£΢Ц˵ϣȻ㲻⣬ҾΪͽɡ
ллѵԳףɫǫƣŵȺҵרǧǰҽɵĴУŵߣΪʦҵң
ԣֻǺЦû˵
õаҽУǹҽɴУҹӵĹʮ룬ǶɽĲȱ汾
˲²⣬Ҳаҽһӡ
İһἸʮΪʦˡ
᰺Ҳ÷ǳȤȻһүүͽܡ
Ƚҩ¼֮󣬵ҽԺȽҽѧ豸ҽѧŶӣЭҽѧоڴķ
ȴǲӦˣ˼ϣĳֻ뵱һɢˣҽѧо̫Ȥ
Ȼûʵң֪ҽѧоǷǳƼģⲻԸ
⡭ķǳʧϧ
ҽѧŲҽԺʵ̫˷ˣ
֮ǰҩмľģΪϲҽѧоˡ
ϣ㲻ˣʮһԺڸ㣬֮Ǿоҩ΢óΪʦļӡ
ֻùӦǣھͺǰȥʡҽѧоԺ
΢΢ͷŻѺͼ߳ܲð칫ҡ
ʱӳɫʮֻæ
ôˣüͷ΢
ӳ˵¥˺öˣ˵Ҫ˻ǹشƷǮҪǼȡ⳥

϶ΪղŸعڵ̨ϣ˵ش⣬ŵôϼŴöš
ȥ
Żǣ¥¡
ضڴſڵ˸࣬Ҳ
Ϊǵкö˶ºöŻشһк֢ڵ£ϼϡ
мˡ
ϼţشǮ
Ҫ⳥Ƿûشʧ
Ǯ⳥Ǯ⳥
ǧȺӿ߾ȭͷǮ
ĵһƬΣЩȺʵ̫ƫƫˡ
ǰϼΪƶʡõҵȴϼź޵ȥ
뾲һһ£Хʱǧһס




916¡һ
 

ѹ֮󣬼˵ǵĻشѾҩ죬ȫû⣬ϣҲҪعƭˣعֻĨǼš
Ǹعɵҽѧרң˼ⱨ棬˵ûشк֢һʮ˵ǹڵҩ˭֪гҩƷͨҩ졣
ǣԸŸعɵרң
΢΢üͷ֮ǰЩ˻ǳ񸣶عɵıֶΣȴԸعôˡ
Ҫڽͣʱվ˳õЩ˵ɡ
Żҽ꣬϶ҽѧ¼ֳò٣׽˱˵ͷ
ǰһԴ¥ǰǧ˸ҺãǾҽԺĻѡ
ѣλҽʥֻϣ
ʱ˶¶ȵı顣
ǵвˣڵ֣ҽѧ緢ԣ߹ĳشҽѧоɹ
һ¾ͽλҽ˳
ôƶʡˣϼ
ƶʡĲǣ˴νҩ¼ϹЦ⣬º͵˵
ҽʥֵĻŷöˡ
Ϊҩ¼ϾԸϲɫ
л˴νҩ¼϶ܹõԲ
ϣұǣҪŭͷԣҿ˸񵣱зĻشûκθúͺ֢˵
ϵĵһʱò˼顣
ϿǾҽ׿ڿ϶ϼŵĻشȨǱȸعɵרҪߵöࣿ
϶˵Щ˾лɣҲ˵ʲôˡ
Щ˻ŵӣЦǺǵ˵Ҽ˶ڷóĻشҲŵĻҿԵһŸҿ
˵ţһŻشƷӣ׼ϼǮĸŮº͵˵λŮʿҸһš
ˣҪĻҾ͸شҲ⸾ŮûмƽǮ飬ȡһŻشݸѡ
ǧ˵棬Ѻԥķ»ش
£˲òŷˡ
ϼƭǡ
ԭǸعɹƭǵģ
𸣶عɣǸǵľҽ
˼Ǹ鷳ˣ
ҽԲ𰡣
ǧȥ֥βģ׷׸Ǹ
Ҳ˼ȥˡ
ˣԺķûش֧ϼţƽ͵˵
ǧ˾ʹɢᣬپۼϼŴ¥֮ǰ֡
ͻѸȥʡҽѧоԺ
ҽʥ֡ҽ֤شû飬ܿ촫ʡᡣ
ȥϼ¸ƷҪǮ⳥Ĺ˿֪ͣº󣬶оԼعˡ
Щ˻صϸϼά⣬𸣶عַɣȻƶʡõĲƷ
عһ֣֮ǰáϼŵڶѹʶعɺܿǹϼţĳϼ̸Уҩ⡣
ԽԽ˵ĸԸϼŵĽͣΪعȷʵ˼ֵҪ
Ϊֹϼϰһǡ
ȻҪĽҩ⣬ûеõʵԵĽչ
֪þҽѵ֧֣ĳߵعϰ尢ɭɫһ֡
ɭû뵽ľô˹ˣǸѵƺܸߣ᲻ɺܴв³һԵɳϣе㵣ǵʵ
ɭһٸôʲôҽܽ˽ҩǸͷƶʡᣬҲͰϼųһۣʵһöûУ
Ҹսӵ±棬ȥʡҽѧоԺˣŻѣоҩ³ֻϷϢɭ㱨
ɭ˫˸⣺СһƳҩǲܵģΪԷһǸʲôһҪסԲܽʵң
õģٸһ绰³ֻͨѶ¼ͨһ롣
ڶʡҽѧоԺڵõӡ
ΪվŻѡ
γӭӵĲоԺ磬ԺԺڶоԺ쵼Ѳģȫˡ
ϣݹٱᣬôǰ֪ͨϼһȫԺӷϴԺЦɫ˵
ΪʡҽѧоԺһ֣ԺƶʡϷͷǻҽѧţ
ԾҽԺĻѣҪڳϹϾ̬ȡ
˵ԺʡҽѧרңѾǹҼҽѧרңݵλҽѧˮƽ඼ԡ




917¡̬ȷת
 

ԺΪҽѧоߣûҪЩȽˡѺЦ˵ȸǽһ£λϼϯҽʦ
ϼŵĳҲˣԳԺͲŵ̬ˡ
ϼŵϯҽʦʡҽѧоԺԺһġ
վڼԺ簵ЦСΪͻһͬǰǵԺܽõʵ
ֻ˵̫ˡ
֪ԺԸ񣬾ͳּκ
ѵһ仰ȴоԺҽѧרҡ
Ժϼϯҽʦӽ쿪ʼҽϵʦ
ʲô
ǼԺˣɴ۾ŵĿŻѺͳ
һһСһǻҽѧ̩ɽһֻҽʦôܻʦͽϵ
㻪˵ճΪͽԺ˶óʲϡ
ڻϾȻ˵ʦ
оԺѾӦˣ̫
ϣῪЦԺڨЦּ𣬸ѳ£ȻҲųǻϵʦ
ǻѵǳࣺԺûиǿЦڽ죬Ұ˳ΪʦʧĻĹʮ롣
ٴαϵĻ𾪵ˡ
ԭİ˳Ϊʦ
ǲòˣֻĵ𺳸
ѵΪʲôʮ룬͸ԸݳΪʦ
һѣҪôĴ
оԺҽѧרҶҽΪҽҽѧɣһ֮ԱǣȻҲҽ
Էǳ⻪ϵΪ
ԺȴͻȻʲôɫЩʵϣѵ˵Ĺʮ룬ǧǰսʱڹҽɵĶ
û˵ǹҽɵִˡ˵ݣ̺ž۵
ǧҽ߶ԹҽΪ𣬾ͺϵ˰ݹضүһ
ҽ磬ÿѧҽ˶ΪҽɵĴߡ
Ƴ֮󣬹ҽɵĴб㼸Ͼ
ֱִҽ綼˲͸ҽС
ڣ˹ӵĹʮ룬ҲζųΪ˹ӵΨһˡ
٣Ȼûޱȡ
Ȼ˳ԹӣʵõĴԶȹӱ˻Ҫ
ԺŶֲ˼Ŀų
ƽƽˣȻǹҽɵĴˣ
ϣ˵ʩչʮ𣿡
Ժ֪㲻ţùʮ룬һҴͭˡ˵óǸ쾫ܵͭСˡ
Ժȥǰݷùѣͭˡ
ϻϵĻԺȫˡ
϶ĸԸݳΪʦôλ˾ǹһָҽѧŰ
ֻҪʩչʮ룬ʾض䶯ȫģʱ˵ԺȫĵҽѧרҶʽ
뵽һ㣬Ժﻹҵ
˵ĴΪҽִˣݰԺʵԺԣ
Ժ̬ȵת䣬һҽѧרȫסˡ
ǺͼԺһ
ԺֻȻἸ꣬һҽߣͬѧҽģ˽ӷΪҽ֮ɣǳӵĹʮ롣
ԼԺȷϳǹִ˺󣬾ͺͻһ
ԺֵµЩҽѧרңᣬ󲿷ѧʿڹҽ֪ʶͬԼҵҽ
ȫԺԳأ̬ȱ̫ˣ
ʱļ翪ˣԺҽͱȫҽѧ֤ǻķ⽨ɣʲôʮҿҲǺŪ˵ĶͻϣᱻСƭ˰ɣ
Σ񣡡ԺѵҹĨҽ˶ϴˣΪҽѧרңѵҽǻĹ屦ǧǰȾҽƸ֢ʱһëѪҰ
ǡ
粵Ժˣ֪ǶҽҽǶǻĥĹף˭ҲĨڲˣ
Ժ˵úãһ䡣
ԺȻƽʱԴԼݵ͵ˣӱȽϴ󣬵ǲûǳģʼսҽΪҽѧ屦
Ժ°ڳЦųͻ˵ϣ˵
ԺʵԺǵʵҡԭģǴ˿̶ԼԺĹˡ
ʵңȻû⣬оԺʵңáԺ󷽵˵ͬʱŽ˻ᣬݳΪʦѧϰҽɴС




918¡۳ɰܣһ˵֮
 

ԺѳͻȥʱͻȻڵȵȣԺʵң
Ժüͷ硣
磬һССʵΣ;ҽϣȻóʵң
ʵ̫Ϊˣ
ΣעԴǣǻϵʦоԺֱ쵼һʵңʲô⣿Ժѵ
ԺҹΪѳ֪ʵңҪʲô𣿡ƽԼԺ˿ȴǵʮĺͼԺ˵
ԺϵĲ֮ɫԽԽŨˣҽѧţʵңȻҽѧʵ飻ΣѵɳͻϵȨ
ԺҾֱ˵˰ɣʵңһ֮ڣƳʮһֽҩҩ治ɫĻӦ
ԺһоԺҽѧרҶʱһ㶡
˵Ҫ飬ô̫ˣ
оԺҽѧרǣͶԳҽĴɣųƳҩ
ԺȻųǹҽɴˣóܴܿ漣ҲΪһ֮ڰ쵽
磬µ棿˵ҪεġԺøˡ
Ȼģ֮ǰһΣʱֱӾܾˣкüͬ¸һģССǡ˵ţ˿мҽѧרң˶Ժȷһ顣
ؼԺòˣǿ΢ЦһƳҩ¿԰쵽
ԺʵҾУܲܰ쵽Լ顣ĵе㲻ͷˣôһʵôѣ
ʵǹغоԺ⡣
ԺоԺǳأκǵʵо
һЩ׵оȥܻоԺӰ쵽ڻϵ
ôͶ߶оԺͶ룬оԺ˲ŵͻˡ
оԺĹ涨ʹʵұе¼Щ¼ᶨڶ⹫
Ҳ˵Ҫʮһֽҩҩ˴о¼幫ȥ
ʱɹĻоԺܵСӰ졣
ǻܳҽѧţԺкܶȫҽѧ̨չԼҲϣ˰ܻԼȫҽѧ²õӡ󡣡
Ժ˽ĵģϣԼоԺ͡
ԺͬʱҲܰϧ˲ţóе
ʮһֽҩҽѧĳɹҽѧ֪ܳҽѧţҪһʱƳҩʧܣԻᱻЦ
˵˴ξٶӰ쵽ҽѧ
ʵҲ뵽һ㣬ǳĵӣһҪʦųܹɹ
һɫ˵ҽ֮ߣΪΪҩغʡǧߵĽΣҽߵĸǻҽѧ֮ȣʲôأ
Ժ˴ʵ飬۳ɰܣҳһ˳е
ⷬԺԼһоԺҽѧרңˡ
Ǹǧӵţڳÿ˵顣
ÿ˶ҿʡ
ұҽߣΪ˾ˡڵ
һߵʲôҪ
ȻԺǶ֪оϣã
ٳ棬ڳԣڳе
ͱڳ˵ľҪǿöˣ
Ƕҽѧͷ˻ʢҽѧ־Ϸġ
Ϊݣ̫ϧԼ뱻һʵһ
ȫûЩ
֮󣬼Ժûκԥˣ֣ص˵ԸøʵңȫԺ£Эҩз
²˳٣̿ʼɡ˵ţҪüԺ·
ԺҪ
ʱ翪ˡ
ղųԺԻʱĵĸ³ȥţ˵ֹ˳ˡ
³Ȼ֪˼ظһĿϲϢ
ȫʵңȡһ׹̿
Ļҽѧ˲ţоԺǩͬʱвĹ
ǸعɳֵĻͲÿΥͬĺˣ
ǿĹ׹Ѿãǳʱ£оԺǩͬ
ڣĻˣ
Ժ˸ҲҪЩһ׸оԺо߰
ҪһƳҩٷ֮һپʧܵģ
ܵƾѪݽͽоԺȥ
˵ⷬʱҽѧר뷨
ȷʵоԺһٹ١һġ
֪ʵضʧܣΪʲôҪװ״оԺǵ




919¡ͶƱ
 

һʵʧܣĲ
뾭ѣԼͶʣǰࡣ
Ͼ˼һͶǧڣɲȫҽѧ翴Цʧʵ顣
ʱоԺһÿҽѧרҵĽҲˮʮϰ
ǰ׻ǮһʵܹЩǮȫߡ
ղţԺҽѧר˳ĻȷʵǳѪ
ѣ˿ʼ侲ˡ
һֱҽѧоʲôÿѧ˼άȥ⡣
˴γ׼ʵ飬Щѧҿעʧܣ˵ٷְٵʧܼʡ
˶˽ģǲΪһ˵ʵ飬ʧԼԼ򽱽
ͬǵı飬簵⣬֪Щͬ¶Ǻһ뷨
ԺüͷѾᶨվڳߣôΪһı⣿
Σ㲻˵ˣΪô໼ߵĽΣǱóһԡ
ԺǷеһˣΪҪشҵѡÿ˶оԺһӣȨҽѧԺδ˵÷ǳȻ
ߵļҽѧר¶ͬı顣
Ժֻסŭʵô
ܼ򵥣ȫͶƱԸʵҵĶ࣬ǲԸĶࡣ֮ɫ
ֻһССΣԺͻǰûʲôȨ
ʵңҲް취
ͨͶƱַʽͲһˡ
üԺͻ޷ǿж쵼Ȩ
ȻԺͻһüͷ
룡
ԺͶƱģֶȨˡｫס
ԺմӦãǾͶƱԸʵҵģ֡
һˢˢľʮֻ֡
ԺһİȻǴ
ѵɣ
벻Ըʵҵľ֡
һλʮֻ־
Ժעһ£Ȼһֱû֣
ĵ׻һ˿ǣԺٴԷպñͬһˣ
üԺе㲻š
û뵽ԺȻô˽Ϊ棬ǧߡ
翴øӵˣԺɣԵ˸࣬Ƕ֪˴ʵʧܵĺأʵܽø
ȻʵҸô࣬ǾͽøɡͿȥˡ
һʵҶѣһֱӣһҽûС
Ѵ˻΢΢һ㶡
ҪǻϽʵңôֹ
ϣʵңҲҪðɣĻٴͶƱҲһǲͬġǿ򶨵˵
ͶƱķʽֹϡ
صĺһҪʵңʲôȨӣԺҿλΣʺϴˡ
Ϊҽѧ̩ɽѵȨƼᱻһСС罫סͷͶƱ
絹νֹ֪ˡ
ϣҪʵ飬뿼ǺǴǻҽѧ簡һʧܣ϶֪ɶôصĺ
ˣʵհǰ˺ģʲôҽѧоߣؼ˴ʵ飬ҵ¼Ժ·Ծҽǣûһ˸顣
оԺҽѧרǣϵ𾪵ˡ
ϾȻҪʵ飬൱øˣ
ѵɱоԺԺҪö࣡
˿ɼѵľж
϶˸ڳҽѧרֻ÷߽оԺ¥
ֻһˣԭأʧˣ
ʧȥ׹̿ĻᣬʧȥоԺôõĹλ
ʧ֮£罫ʧܵϢر³
ɭ͸³ʧܣϾֻһССΡ
оԺְλߵ쵼Ҳˡ
뵽绹һüֵɭø³нعҩֹ˾
翴³Ļظϲ񣬿ɭ
ʵҵʱһϲɫȥعǱ߱ˡ
ԺͻѴоԺõһʵ
ȫһҽѧʵ豸
ҲϻһҽѧרңĿڵλҴҽķʵ飬ϣλϣҪʮһֽҩĳɷַ棬оԺ𣿡
еģСȥ÷档Ժæش
ͷ˵һҪʮһֽҩƷ
ԺҲԸѸȥ졣
߳ʵ׼ݱչǱ߸عȴӭһ
罡ҽ֯鴦ʣ׹ˣܰɭ룬רƶʡᡣ




920¡ȫ
 

罡ҽ֯ӢдWHMFһ͹ʷǹٷ֯ܲ׹ݣԳһֱڽҽơҽҩзȹҵڹʢ
Ϊ֯鴦֯ڲĵļʵȨ֮һ
˵ƶʡʱɭҪԵӭӡ
ʽӵعҩֹ˾󣬰ɭ³ͽCEO칫ҵɳ£һٿ׺ѣ·겻ѡ
ֹ˾CEO־һԹվ
ʵվż֯
𾴵Ľ˴ǰΪϼҺҵΣ彡ĲƷϣܹ֯ǴûĹٷͷϼšɭЦ˵
΢ЦصȻû⣬֯һֱڴֺҩΪȫصĻȡӦеȨ棬ҽ֯͹˾һٿŷᣬĹٷʩѹ
ǾͽˣʱȽˣٿŷɡɭ
ûκ飬˶һۣһЦ
ʵϽͺͰɭʶˣȻôܵƾһϼţùʴ֯鴦ģ
ν罡ҽ֯ҲǱ濴޳ҵ
ĴŹ֮֮µģ֯ﻹвˡ
ʴӦɭǰƶʡʱʿ˻Ͷ³֮һ뵽ʡ
ɭΪ˳׸ϼźͳѾϧرˡ
뽭ԿԽǸҽѹġ
ɭ뽭ʺúһѣʡҽѧоԺʵȫעҩ
ʮһֽҩĳɷ֣Ѿȫ֪Ϥ
֪ɷɣζſŷơ
ΪЩҩзΣ֪
ֻҪһƲǾǲ֮塢֮ǧ׷һ
Ŀɿڿ֣䷽Ϊȫ֪Ϊʲôֹ˾ȴƲ
Ϊɿڿһֱûйĵ̣Ҳǿɿڿһܡ
ҽҩзҲˣұ컹ҪӰٱϡ
żĵķһֽҩ
ʵʮһֽҩӦĲ֢󲿷ֶСֻ֢֢Ҳҽѧ⡣
аֽҩоɹӦвҩƷ
ѡԺǶû뵽һҹ֮䣬ȻŪֽҩҩƷ˶ʱϲ
׷̾ǹھҽѧţ
ûرˣΪƳֽҩҩ˵һѶȶûС
ӦİСֻаҽĲ֢۾ʲôвҩβ
ЩвҩƳҩƷвҩȾȷ٣ִҽѧ޷ˡ
Ϊ󲿷ֶʧĻĹҽ䷽
ֻгаҽУɰٴۻǧҽѧƳ
оԺȥɹЩвҩưҩƷ
ʣµֽҩƾ֢ҩҪһоҩʱǳȡ
㻪ѡԺоԺרҶԳŷҲó׳١
˿Ѿ߾ȫ״̬ʵﲻҹо
ѵʣֽҩ䷽ܡ
ܿһҹʱȥˣֽҩĽչҩѾҹƳ
Ƴҩ֮Ҫдٴʵ飬ҪӶʵ
ֱԼãҽѧרҵһٶ
ʵ̫ˣ
ǲԼͬ뵽棬ũٲݵĹ¡
ҩΣǷǳģ
ȴΪ⣬ʵԼʵûЩרô¡
ΪԼƵҩ֪֪ףҲǳЩҩһзͿʹá
ϣԺиλΪҩѾҪ˷Ѳʱ䣬֪ûȨҩУʳĵ⡣
֣ص˼һᣬ߳ҩһϵе鷳һش⣬ǻҽѧ̩ɽҲѵ³
ڻѺųǧҩΣٵһˣ
ҿԶһȨЩҩһʱУ²㡣Ѿ¶ģǲ⡣
ϾҪЩҩĻ̫ˣʱڿ޷㹩Ӧ
󣬿ڵԵһʱоУǶøԵĹϵȫʡҩȫҩ




921¡˫
 

ѺͼԺóֻʼ绰һпԶõĹϵ
һ绰ƶʡһֹʵȨҲܰʵµĴ
ӵ绰ԭе㵣ǰҩ⣬;ҽԼԺһ𵣱ĵչ
ųᰣԼҩȫз
֮лһ绰λά־־ֳҲǺܴġ
ĻǹֱӷһݹٷļҪʡҩȫưҩٷҩҲӡ
ܿЩҩĸˣ׷׸оԺҳҩ
ѾҩдãüԺдЩˣԼȫͶʣֽҩĽѹ˵ѹء
ʱֻʣˡ
ߵĴչعǱ߱罡ҽ֯鴦ʣٿŷᡣ
ʵæµʱ򣬼Ժƽǰ
ع罡ҽ֯鴦ʣýǴĻشƷ
ùǡæоûƽԵĻ
Щǵ˵֮ǰĻشԷʾû뵽عɾȻ˽ʣн﷢ԣڿҪĻشˡ
ûϵ鷳ϺͼԺҲٿһŷɣ˵ѾƳʮһֽҩеİҩڽȶһʡġѹøعɴһġ
ǸعвϣҲ¹ȥŤתۡ
Ϻͻȥ죡Ժ˵óֻ֪ͨý塣
عɺͽʵϷԣȻϼŵڶҡˡ
Ͼ罡ҽ֯鴦˵ش⣡
ڴ󲿷ֶҽѧ⺺У;ҽȨԣǲġ
ЩۿŻѴϼŴó˵֮ǰĻֻΪ̻ϼš
عɵˮϲɢЩĲ²⣬һʱָǷꡣ
ʮһֽҩĻΣ
ȨľҽϼۣͬôʡϰյİΣָֻ֯Ĵ˽ˡ
˸ٿŷᣬʾͻüߵֶ֧ȡ
䵱ߡĵĵ֯ȫٳɻĹٷϼʵʩͷϼŴӦعɵʱӻǰ˹
ߺǵļڴŽάǵȨ档
عɺͽʵϷʱعɳԵ˸³һھ÷ǳг顣
Ǿǵͼ۷ųһֽҩûǰعҩֹ˾
ֻޣǸعɸߵĸ
Ϣ֮ӿ򸣶عҩֹ˾˾ſں־Żߵĵ
ſڰڷһŵĽҩû˫۷Ź⡣
ҲҪżŶҩˣ־ȻCEOҩʱǰҩ̴һ
Ǵάˣ
Щƭ־ǲмɭʩСƣǸжˣ
漴־һŮʵ߻жù
ܵĻѾķԸ֪ͨ˼ߣӦþͻŮĴ
־ĵͷܺá
Ȼӹһ︣عҩֹ˾ſڡ
һ³׷׶־ΧϻͲ
ܣ˾ͼ۳۽ҩĸάֶã
ܣʲôʱϼٴ̸У
ܣ˵ϼ׼ҩԴô
һ⣬־ͷİڰ֡
ͣһ£
λҪ͸λһش飡
ʲô飿иڴҸ֮ɫᵽ˴ŵζ
־ڳһģһſڣҸոսӵɭָʾعɽϼͨ뺣ֹ죬ϼŻӦǸعɵôǸعɽٸκλᣬ۽ҩķʽԶı䣡

һƬȻعҪϼˣ
ϼŻӦĻǾͳųˣʡǧھŹҵ
λԽϢȥˣΪ˻ǵĽϣϼżҡ־һ⣬ʼųᰶĵĻ档
ҪȥʱǵֻͬһʱյһϢ
֮䣬мߵ۾ɵûԲޱȡ
ô£־ܲ⡣
ղϢѾ㹻ըˣЩ߲Ͻǿռͷ￴Ϣʵڷǳ֣




922¡ܶԼ
 

찡ôܣһ߾̾
仰·èצ־ͷӡ
ʱҲԼCEOˣյһߵֻ֮ǰ
ֻǿһۣ־Ŀɿڴ
Ȼһҹ֮Ƴҩ
ôܣ
־кȻһƬȫʵ
ʵϲдһҹʱƳҩǻѼʡҽѧоԺٿŷᣬǺϼƳҩϢ
ǿϢΪĹӦǻλҽʥ֣ʡҽѧоԺҽѧרңϼŵϯҽʦֻǴ֡
־Գҽ˽ú֪ҩܾܿǳƳġ
Ҳ̫̬ˣһҹʱƳ֣
־뼫ʱǷ׷ȥҪȥŷֳ
һӺ־ŻعҧгݵƾʲôôᣬȴҽѧţһҪŪ㣬ѣ
˵ͳֻ׼֪ͨɭ
ʵϲ־֪ͨɭҲ֪ˡ
˿̰ɭ͸³ڱűڹҵӡ
ѺʡҽѧоԺŷᣬٿ
ϣѾƳҩ˵ըϢֳһƬ䶯
ǻѺͼԺشʵĻڡ
ǵҪаҩǷأʱܷʣֽҩʱƳҩȵȡ
ѺͼԺһһ
ҩѾʼͶʱֳļߣӻǰĹǣ˷ܲѣ
ڶԻϺҽѧоԺ֮ϲΪҪǻϵġ
Ծͷ΢죬ʵԼʦų֪ýʵҩǳһ˶ơ
ѣûѶý˵ҩλҽʡҽѧоԺзϼֻǴԸŷȺȨԻߣҲġ
ŷᣬɭɫе㲻ÿû뵽ԷôƳҩ
ܲޣҲ㹻Ըعвˡ
һعɵĹɼ۾͵˰˸㣬һԵҽϢ߰ɭ
ðɭɻǣҩǲǳһҹ֮Ƴģ
ǻҽѧԤıûѺͼԺǰƣֻһҹ֮зɹļ
ɭСӲһҹʱƳҩһǻͷǰõʵ飡³ҲĲɡ
ɭһڲǲǳһƳٶԷĿĴﵽˣϼſԶ´֮ͨ
һô죿³Ϊܽϼŵľϼȴ󣬿Ҫʱ򣬸һʿ
ɭ֮ɫһ˵ҸղѾעˣǰҩֻСʣƾ֢ĽҩǾһʱзҩʱҪǣ
ǰҩѾ㹻ƽϢߣϾϾ֢Ҫʣֽҩ˲ࡣ³˵Լĵǡ
ɭ˼һι˴Լʮ룬¿ڣȷʵƳҩȡʱ䣬ʣǴɲһзҪ취ϼŵʱѹһڣʡΪϼűһƳʣֽҩ
˼ǣĳвֶΣϼһڸʡһ𣿡³Щװɭ˼ˡ
ɭָнӣƺ˼Բߡ
һɳϣڴλҵܹʲôֶΡ
֮󣬰ɭǹŵĻȣǺϼŶһѣ
һѣ³һ档
ǱȽϲ죬û뵽ɭҵִ࣬ϾȻ뵽öĲķʽ
ѵ˶ϲðմ̼
ûһѣɭпɳʮ˵ǺϼǩܶԼһƲʣҩϼչãˣǾͽʮһֽҩ۸񽵵͵ԭļ۸񣬲޹
³֮΢΢ɴ۾
ɭĶԼԷܻӦɣ
ҲóֶԼϼǷǳģعߵʧǳ͡
ɭصĽ͵ҪǲòģΪǰҩƳܾԲ㣬ʱ޷㻼󡣡
뽭ʩѹٷðҩôУһʡỼ߲񻯣ѹֻصϼϣ
ʱԷƳʣҩҲΪ⣬ҪǵĽҩֿƾ֢Ľҩ
ֻҪӮºǵĶĶͿ֢ߵ˵ܲӦ𣿡




923¡̸
 

ңСӷǳԸ԰ΪԼһɣػǶһ
ɭ˵֮ɳĳһѩѡ
·Ѿȫ͸Ƶġ
ԭ³ͽΪƽȵĶĶ갢ɭⷬúе
۾һ˵ɭ˵ĻҵƳİҩǲֱеģΥҽҩع涨ߣ
ʩѹ飬鷳ˣ³ⶨһܶԼ־ȥϼ̸ɭʩͬһλ߸ϵľ
ʵϰɭĲƸȷʵ൱ڹŴˮƽҲΪʲôʡôϼܹʤԭ
ʺ͸³һͬվʼհɭķԸ¡
ܿ죬ƶʡý忯˽׫дĿ£ʹʡٷϼһȻûо̣ҩʵС󣬺ԡ
ʻһĺûҽѧȫ緶Χڳ綥ҽѧרԺ󶼲ͻҽѧ
ͬʱʻ罡ҽ֯͹ʸ֪άȨ֯Իƶʡʩѹ
һʱʡί칫ҽӵͶߵ绰вֱӴ绰һֹð칫ҵĹԱæýͷö
һɣøҩȫҩ
ͨڲͬͿعԸϼţɭͽ֮ϵҲܲһ㣬ʾԲܵΪ塢άȨƶʡġ
֮ȣǸСҽлҽѧ̩ɽѺʡҽѧоԺԺ
ʵʳĽоһȫţֻԼĳŵ
һҪ˴绰ˡ
Ϊᰴġ
عǶ̸Сᰴѯʳڣ֪Ѳ
Ŷعڼ𣿲ֵǲˡ΢˵
ᰱҲܾģ־绰˵Ļ֮еĶˡ
ع˵ҪǶһѡ
һѣɲǰɭķ񡣡΢΢졣
һһʮİѶע˵˳ҽ־Ҳ˵
ʵ־׷Ǹ³Ӱɭġ
֮󣬳Ȥ˵˼ȻҺģɭԼʤΪǱضܶԼ
Ҫ𣿡Ϊ࣬ųܹһƳʣҩ֮һԼܶԼġ
ӣȻˣɭôǾ棡˶٣˵ҪһעӮˣɭҪ⳥ЩʡвΪ޷ʱõҩβɵ;ʧ
ðɭ⳥һľ޿û뵽Ķע
ЩΪ򲻵ʮһֽҩ²񻯵ʡᲡ˵Ҳнˡ
רҵŶӼ㰢ɭԻɵʧÿҪ⳥ǧʧѡ
˼˵ҲҪϰڣɭ͸ع˽ǵˡ
⳥᰾ðɭӦڶԼ
ᰣͰ˵ļӶעɣ޷һȥ۱㡣۵ֻǺܷĵġ
֪ˣ߼Ŷ˵֮󣬹Ҷϵ绰۳ˡ
̸еĵص㻹ڸƵꡣ
־ûгٵˣǰȴᰵĵ
ǣȻûᰴһǧĵĴŮ
ֵۣ˪վһ־ֱ۾ʿˮ
ܽŮŪȥһ˫
Ǿˬˣ
Ϊֵĳûй־ŮǷǡ
ΪǴĸڹģʱԶŮΪΪ
ܣλŮǣ־ƺ̸е飬۵ݡ
δ᰻شЦ˵㣬ܵŶ
С㣬Ȼ㣬̫˷ˣǸعɷֹ˾CEOԺ׹㲻һ죬ð־ĴԼ͡
ЦĵǾͿ̸еıˡ
ʵ֪ᰶǳ־ԼҲֺɫķ
мƽϣԻһ־ȻݺݵĽѵһ־Сˡ
־ͷãЦ˵ֻҪǩܶԼ̸оԲ
Ҫǩֿԣǵüһע˵ţ˵ĸע־




924¡˫ע
 

˵ļע־ɵס˼롣
ƾ̣һʱ仹עķж
־ڷӦˣܣļעɭӦ⳥ʱ򲻵ʮһֽҩĻʧѣϰڣ
ܣ㲻ʰɭô֪᲻Ӧ᰷ʵ
־ԲЦһɭǹҵ࣬ļעҪҴ绰˷ʱ䣡
᰺۶һۣӶԷп־֮顣
ʵǶ֪־ֻǰɭһܣûʲôȨֻװøȨƵģΪԼǳ硣
һ֮¿ڵܣǱӦǵļע̸ˣȻΪ˴ٳɴ˴̸УҲԼӦĶע
仰־ԭֱӾܾġ
뵽عҲԼע־˫Ŀ΢΢⣬̰ǰŮһɨ
־֪ɭĶעֻϼűعչԼƾ
ʱӮˣ־Ҳ֪Լ޷õ᰺ɫŮ
ԼעĻͲһˡ
ãǵȵȣһ°ɭ־˵ţվߵſڣ᰺ĵط绰
ܿ죬绰ͨˣ־ɭ˵˼ע顣
绰ͷɭСΪԼӮ𣿾ȻҪ⳥ϰʧѣߣǳ룡
ɭ˼ǲӦ𣿡־ĵ׾÷ǳϧ
ȻҪעҲӦĶעˣ֮ǰҪشԼҩ䷽ɭ˼һ˵
־ʮֲ죺ļעƺ̫ƽشͰҩ䷽ƺԶԶﲻϰڼֵɣ
㲻ǵļֵȻҲҪֻҪҵˡɭһѩѣзųĹâ
ƶʡʱѾش޴ҵֵ
ΪһƷشЧ۸ûشȫǴ
˾ڵİɭˣõش䷽ܽشŵϸȥ򣬶ڻĵһʡһ߼۸ôɾʹˡ
ΪʲôɭԳչжͬʱҩֹ˾ҽѧרҷشĳɷ֡
˵شֻǱ棬ʵɭõǻشƷ
ȻȥɭƸ϶ҽѧŶӣ޷ش䷽
ǳһҹ֮Ƴİҩ䷽ҲǰɭҪġ
Ѿ˽ʡҩڽİҩɱҲԵ
ֻҪɱͣͷǳ
ڰɭУٵ͵ҩƷܱܸߵļ۸ܹ۳ȥ
شͰҩļֵԼֵϰˡ
Ұɭ֪ӮˣãԳԸαȶύشͰҩ䷽˽ܶԼǻ䷽Ψһ
ɭˡ־ҹɣֻܹĴӦֵǸܲҲһССĶע
ʲôɭԴĦ
ʵеˣһССĿܣҲҸҪ
־ԽԽ֪ͣԼεõCEOݵġ
־СĿڵҪϼŵܲԼһλ
ضλܴѾ˰ɣɭǹһмĻȡ
ʵ̫ɫˣ
ֱɽˣɲǺüԦģ־Ҵϼܲõ⡣
Ȼɭ֪ᰵ˭
ᰶԣ۲ǸѶԸǸ
ҲֻгܼԦˡ
ȻҪǾͼӰɡ
ɭĻ־ϲ񣺡ллɭ
Ҷϵ绰־صᣬ˵˰ɭҪļע
ֵԥˣΪҲ֪شͰҩļֵж
Ҫʳ˵óֻ˳ĵ绰
˵֮󣬺ԥĴӦˡ
ѾǸݵĶľ֣һķҪʧأϰɭҪĶעҲʲôˡ
ȻӦҲûκ飬־˵ͷ
ܣû⣬ĺͬ˫ļעдͬ
ȵȣһһע־аĿ᰺ɨɨȥ˵ĻСλ˶ҪǩһӶҪң
ܣ㲻Ҫ̫ˣɫһ¾ͱˣǼĿ·轵ʮȡ
۶̲סһ񺮡




925¡˼
 

־ٺЦܲӦĻ̸ˣҸ־ʲôãһȳСӲ
ԣĲһһҵĳܵǿ
ܣעԼҪӽȥİɣᰲ²Ⱒɭܼ˻ƵĶע
Ҳֻ־ɫС˲ܸɵó
־ЦѾʾɭӦҿԼӽȥ
£һʱ޻˵
ĵȻǼԸӦעģΪ񱡣
绰ʳҲӦ
εĶԼǳҪ̸ˡ
ԥʱЦſˣȻôǣʹӦ˰ɡ
С㡭û뵽ۻôĸ⡣
Ҳã۰æ¾ҲͲһֱԥˡ
־˫ĿǹʢŮĶ˼
ϸ룬־Լȷʵһ㶼ȳ
СҽٸߣҲһëͷСȵֳ
ǰλŮ϶϶ʮСᡣ
־ţ泩ޱȣڷԼܰѳȥˡ
С㶼ӦˣҲûɣ־ڴᰡ
˪˵ͰߵҪĺͬ
̫ˣ־һϲɫ޲óʧܣͿֱŮˡ
־һŪһݺͬùȥɭǩ֡
֮ѺͬƵ꣬᰼ͬûʲô⣬־һǩԼ֡
ʱ־ͻȻʲôȵȣҲҪǩ
Ǿ͵ʡҽѧоԺ֪ҹ
־һоԺ
ͬϣ־ļעʱ⸡ŨŨɱ
ȻŮˣ
־СԽԽˣ
Ȼᰶǩ֣ҲǩԼ֡
ΪʡǧΪ᰺ۣζҪӮⳡԼ
̸ͬھƵ־һ˸һݣҪ˴̸С
־ɫ׼뿪ʱͻȻסܣһȡ
С㣬㻹ʲô𣿡־зŹʵ
λŮס־ܳ
Щ֣ʲô
ֻȻЦܣҺĳˣɹʿһô
ģС㣬ĺ𣿡־Ļŭţ֮ǰ뷨ûıסˣʵҲСĳŮɬСŮһȤûС
۽ЦһǻʲôһֵǧܣǾڸƵһɣ
ãã̰ţС㿪һõķ䣡־찴಻סˣɫԵת
һȥҾƵ꾭䡣
ɫʵС㣬ҪȾƣ
ܣģзִ磬ȿع˾ɡ۸һ
ʱ۵⣺ҪСĵ㡣
۵ͷȥͣ᰿뿪֮󣬲ŷĵķ
־ҲˣΪΪѾס
С㣬俪ˣ808ŷѾ÷Աƿ82ƵȥƷɣ־һЦ˵ţҪס۵ˮ
ӯһ¾Ͷ㿪ˣȻЦܣ㲻Ҫôļȥ֮ҪūôС
һūң־˶ˣͻȻе㵣ȥ֮ԼвС
ϾЩǱɭ͵Ǹ椳եˣ½̸û椹
ۿ־һӣҲģ˴嶼Ǹʮķܸ͸սСʱĳȣ
С㣬ɣ־һ·СܣԸ۰ݰť
˴˵ݣ808ŷſڡ
ۻͷĸ׳бڣü΢ʵܣҲҪ
ǵȻܽôЩдҺС£־۲ˣڳӶĸߺȵĸţûҵ
ĸڵͷӦǰεεĺŮһвԶûС
ĸͬʱţʵսƷ°ɭķûӾҪеˣ϶ܿ¡
߽䣬־ֱӰѷŷˣƣһݸۣЦǹ˵С㣬Ⱦһ




926¡Ƶ
 

۽ӹƱ촽һСڣھƱʺĴӡ
־ļѣһһʵ̫ˣ
оϵԽԽŨˣǳš
С㣬ôô㰡𣿡־е㱵ʵİҵôãǳܺȣôźһھ;ƾˡ
Цһܣ²¿
ҡҲ£ֻ롢ֻҪ㡭־˵ԽԽˣоԼԴԽԽԺҲ֪ô¡
ǰĺĴŮȴҲ
۴ǹмƣ
һ뷿䣬۾ͷųԵ㣬־ʮӶûֿס㶾
־ڿʼʻش𡣡һ˵ţһߴֻܡ
Ȼ־Ѿͷ׼
־˫ĿãȻС㣬ʲô
һ̸Уعʲôʵ
־еһϼűǸعչڶԷϹ򣬵ýߵɭ¹Ǹ
ܺáĵͷ㣬ɭΪʲôҪô
Ϊɭһǳ޳ýҩԳϼչƻ־ʵ
ۼʵҲ˵عɴʮһֽҩ۸񣬲޹ʡǧߵĽΪ˽ҵ
ǵģɭ˵ˣʡỼ߶ǻˣ˵ĽΣ˵ʲôҲǡ־Ծͷһһʮ˵
ǹһĨЦ⣺л־ϡ
˵֮صֻܣȻ־ǰһΣ־赹ڴϡ
ѵ֮۱İҡҡͷ򿪷˳ȥ
׼ߣĸס
ϸζЦܳʲôɣȥ֪ˡ
ĸֻû뵽ô־ȴһ㶯ûС
һڽȥһֻ־ڴ˯ƺˣ嵹ûʲô쳣ˡ
־û£ĸڲŷȥ
ص˾۸˵ԼھƵ־飬Ƶ᰿ˡ
־йƵϲɫǰ⵹عɵ֤ݣ
С㣬Ȼ־Թش⡣һ
ЦӯӯĵСˣڳǱô
ȫоҲ˵ţü両һĨɫһֵһֹˣ罡ҽ֯鴦ʣǴƳİҩûоϸҩ;дģʡٷǼűѹǳ󡣡
ܸعôֻۣҪܵܵҩûͺ۵ǲεġ
һЩڱعǣűߣȰҩͼ۳ۣǻһš㡱
־йƵ۾ѯʳʵʱųʱսϣ⽫һը
־ڸƵ귿֪ԼʲôҲû߷
֪Լ۵ԵסͷйΪ⼸屻եɣ֮ΪŪϴ̫˷ܣ˺һƾͶסˡ
뵽֮ǰһ꣬ؼʱȴǰ־ҧгݵ߳š
Ҳ˼ȥˣֻܷذɭı򰢵ɭ档
ļɭֻע飬һǳƽȣǰҩĲ
ﲻкװӽɭ㱨ϼŵĶ
ͬʱɭýʼӴʩѹȣһҪðҩӦʡǧߡ
ɽǴ𣬸ҩֻӹ´ļָӰӵ
ܿһҩˡ
һҩӸҩ͵ҽԺҽҩ˾ҩꡣ
ЩҽԺҽҩ˾ҩ궼ϼŽȨҩ
ڸýҩѾͼУû߾쵽۵㹺
˵ҩǾҽϡʡҽѧоԺϼϯҽʦзģʡỼǷӵǰ۵ҩ
Щҩ֮󣬲Ȼ󻺽⣬Ǵϲ
ҩвȡЧƫתϼߡ
Ҳûȥعɹ߼۽ҩˡ
ҩĲһԪ˵ľͼʮԪ˭ǧĽҩ
Ťתðɭܲãû뵽ðҩҩУҪ쵼϶Ҫ̨




927¡Ƴɹ
 

ҩܹһʱУʵҲڹ
֮󣬹һֱ˹עŻߵҩ֮ûгֲӦ֮ġ
ڼʱûյһֲ߳ӦϢ
ֵعɼˣɭýʼǴ𣬲ø³ˮɢҩúָõļϢ
һʱĻ̻̣ЩȥҩˣϾ֮ǰҩֻ˼ѣѱ֮󲻻ָá
عɵˮһֱҥһ֮£þѼˮͷץװ£ʣµˮͣࡣ
ڵ˳ŵĵ죬ʡҽѧоɫƣľʼձڿ״̬
ΪʣּƵҩƳɹ
ѡԺһҽѧרңڴĿųʮҩģҩ
⼸ЩҽѧרҶְæз֪Ľж졣
Ǵһʼȫţڷǳųܹɹ̬һٰʮȵĴת
˫ٶȼ죬еҩҺϰ䣬һ֧ԹƮһƵҩ㣬óһ
ʮһҩƳˡ
һ仰ʵһƬڡ
Ѽ֣̫ΰˣ϶һ޶ҽѧţ
ϣԺд䷽鷳ǽȥǾҩȻĸˣûԡ
ΪʱƳʣҩش󼲲ϵġ
ʡش󼲲Ϊ򲻵عɵĽҩڲѾ񻯵صĵزˡ
ѺͼԺ֣صĵͷʼ绰
һߣعٴٿŷᣬ־ˡ
һҽѧרҸƽԣƵֱ￴־
ֻ־ϧλѣǸعɸеǳź´ͨ뺣ϼһʱ俼ǣϼŻûдӦǵƳûоҩҩգ˶УǸعѾȥˣΪʡỼߵĽǾſ޹øλ߶ʮһֽҩ
һ
˵ʲôſ޹۸ô߰˭ȥ
ǰҩѾУȻ㣬Ҳ󻺽໼ߵĲ顣
ҰҩӦĶСʣ򲻵ҩĻٵȼҲ⡣
Ƶһʵܣ˵ǺϼǩܶԼȻϼûڹ涨ʱڴӦǵǷصĳͷ
Ȼϼ˵Ҫһ֮Ƴʮһֽҩʱѵϼûа쵽ԱܶԼҵʱĿԴ־Խ˵Խǵ⣬ˮˡ
Ȳ뿴ĵı飬ԼŮϴװڴϵ޳档
ʱμӷļǣͬʱյһϢ
ÿ˶ͷֻϸֲ˼֮ɫ
־ٴθеǳ棬ôǰһĻ֮ǰһģһ
ѵϼǱָʲôӦֶΣ
֮£־һʵϼַʲôţ˵˵
ǹҽʥֻԵʣҩѾƳˣǸʮּĻش
־ܣɭ˵ҩԻҽѧרҵˮƽƳ
ܣ㲻Ҳǻôǹҵҽѧˮƽһ߲ʵ
Ҳ׷üͷССҩ̵ϸعɵķֹ˾CEO󣬱óˡ
˵ʵ־ʮֲм˵֮ǰʮһֽҩʮ궼ûƳҩƾʲôһھз
Ϊƶʡ˸ҽѧŰϼŵϯҽʦһ˽Ůߣ˵
Ůߵı飬־ˣСӾöѣһֱôãƳҩ϶Ǻƭýʡڣ
ܣյĶţ˵ǾҽϺʡҽѧоԺѾоȫҩϢǵȨԣ޿ɵģ
ߣʲôҽǹ־ǿ
ƵһĻʱˣֱӸ۷ȥһ΢š
յ΢ţ촽һĨЦ⣬ʼִгļƻ
ʮ֮־ŷᣬͻȻһž޴ĻҿʼھƵ־¼Ƶ
һϼűǸعչ
ɭһǳ޳
ɭ˵ˣʡỼ߶ǻˣ˵ĽΣ˵ʲôҲǡ
һĵĻƵдڳļȫþˡ




928¡Ƴ
 

ƵϵԼ˵־޴룬
ʲôʱĹƵ
֮£־ǽĻĿƵꡣ
ƵʱȻ󲨣
˴ŷᣬʡ̨ϲŵġ
Ҳ˵˿̿ʡ̨ڣȫƵҲ֮󻹻贫硣
ȻЩ־˵ѾҪˣĸ޾־֮顣
˵Ļ־֪ɭԻɱ
ܣƵô£һߵʵ
ʵ̫ˣû뵽ҵ࣬ȻôӻĻߵĽ
ѻ˵˿
־һ˿ȿ޻ѿЦ˵ƵǼٵģҲ˵ֻ϶ϼڱ
ܣ㵱ɵô˶ˣƵ˾㣬ǾƵǲһ۾ܿһ߲ʵܣǺһͣ
ҡǱˣиŮİҴߣ˵Щٻ־ı
Ĵôˡ
ʱھƵƣǱĳֶδߡ
뵽ֲͬѰ־һ飬Ȼ
һ̣־һ顣
ȻýߣҪνԼ۴ˣ
ܣЦˣԣϣǷ׷Ҫ־һ͡
־ԾͷͻͲֻ¶һı顣
̨ǰѾˣ׷׳𸣶عɺԣʡỼߵĽ
ͬһʱ佫Ƶϴ磬ͬ飬һͬǴ𸣶عɡ
˲Ťת
ĳߵɭܻӹ³ͨ绰ֻŭ־ҹ
ŷϣ־ЩֻǾԲȥɭġ
ǿԼվĸıڣ־֪ԼȥҲȥ
ͬʱʡҽѧоԺĳҲӵһ绰
Ѿˡ绰ͷл󹧾
Ļصãڹҡ
·ϣԺ󡣡

־ĸڴɭı
ܣɭȥһš
־ߵڵأʹ־һĵɭƵǱĵģᰵҽдߣ
ڽͻиƨãϵƵȥЩͿɭףֺݺݵ־¡
ɭϢŭ³һס˰ɭ
ϢŭҪôϢŭɭɫ֮˵ָӻԷʣҩƳˣӦԵĶûУ
ɳϵĽʣ˵ЩΣ˰ɭȴֹҩж
³СĵʾڳСӿ϶ӮöԼˣһӦô죿
ߣҩûЧ֪أҾЧҲǸܶԼҲκβңɭֱ˿̣Ǽš
ƾԼݣ㽫ƶʡǷ꣬Ҳ¡
³ȥʰƸһλߣסҪģ
ɭԴϴιӶ¼󣬻Ķ뾳ܿص÷ǳϸ񣬿ڰ߶³¶ɫ
ɭСӲʲôѧһ𣿾öսٶһ¹ϵ뾳Ļ൱ڳϳӦս˶ܰӣ϶Ϊ뾳
õģȥ죡³֪ɭҵֶΰ첻˳Ҫˡ
һƽԣ³Ѹٵ¼ʰ
Ͱɭһ֮ǰֻ֪ǰӹӶڻĸ¼Ǿ̺ϴǸƵûп
˻֪̹ܽ١
ܿ죬³һһǧҪ߲ܽ
֮ʱû˽ӣʱȴ֮͵ˡ
ǳл
߽бΧ˹
ʲôɭַŭʵ
ȻܶԼ˵ţֽʺͬ
ɭЦһΪźͬЧ
Ҳϻл
лǰһ˵ɭǻάƶ־־ֳлѱάƳܶԼ
Ƴάʲôʲôʸҳɭϼⲻ϶ƶʡһҲҴ
ļɭϣ㲻ҪȻΥһĵɷлɫóһݺļ滹άֵܾĸ¡




929¡ŵİɭ
 

ɭƺǳЦ飺ǻĵɷһ׹ҵ𣿡
ע⣬ʲôڲڻĹڣѾΥҹɷάרŴ¼ʸ㡣лԾһ¹̬ȡ
ɭŭ˫۶ðˣӿܹ׹ͳӼˣҾңԻḶǳصĴۣ
Լ̫Ҫˣɭʱڣ쳣ı䣬֪ҵ֣ΥɷҾڻάȨ£͵ظɱ
仰ɭ³ʺ־ɫ䡣
û뵽ȻҶһλҵͷ˵вĻ
Ƕã̫Сɭĵλˡ
ɭɫ˼㣬ȷʵܼɵ֣ʮˣɲǱŴġ
˽أҪ׹ԳǹǾ͵ػУɭõĳ
лԣһٴһ£ǻľڣǵ׹
ߣҰɭߵȨɭͻȻһʮǹ׼лˡ
лû뵽ɭȻôţĸ׼ͳһʱסˡ
治ɫԤϵɭô
ĳٶ̫죬ǹؼʮ֧ǹ׼ɭڳ׷
ɳָıϺģЦ㲻ǻĵʦˮƽôǹ㻹лĻ᣿
³ʺ־Ҳһ֪ʦ书ٸߣҲǳοô
־۵׸ǸɫСΪԼ书ܸߣܵװȣȴˣ
ɭɱ־Ȳ뿴ɿ
˯ʧߡ
ɭȴصĺһڽ£
ҡҲң־ȵɪɪֻ͵͵ס
ɭѾΥɷĵ·ԽԽˣȰͷǰܴӿлϾǼˣŰɭ˿ǹ
ɭȵ˵ɱԴ˽صļһҲ㷸ҵҪԿĵɷΣ
ʵϣɭǵлݣȷʵǲҶɱֵġ
Ͳһˡ
ɭѾϣ֪ûκιٷϵݣɱһƽ񣬶˵ʲô鷳
ң֮ǰɱôڡ
óĻᡣ
һ󣬰ɭٴοڵлֳߣСӺҵܶԼ֮˽㲻֣ܲ
Ȼɱ뱻лۿ
лǲߵģɫࣺɭʿɶֹ·ǹ
лֳٸϻˣɭɱģӻɷʱøˣ
һ䣬ͻȻԭʧ
ɭߵˣԴʧɫ
һˣ书ٸߣôƾʧ
ֻ˵ǶԶԶ͹˳ʵ
һ룬Ѿڰɭߵɳƺŵ֣ȴݺס˰ɭĲӡ
ɭɫ˲Ǻˣ
ס֣³һȣǼǹתƷֻ׼һˡ
ϾǹϷʵЦǾɱɭٶȿ죬ǿǹɱҵٶȿ죿Ҫһİɣ
³ɫѿ֮
ģôðɭȥģ
ָѾ˰ɭϵ³֪ԳֻҪҪǧ֮һ룬ðɭ
ʱǿǹɱ˳Ҳ޼ˡ
ɭɫϣĵסɫŭ
סһ̣֪Լ̫ˣ
ɭҸѡҪôҪôѡܶԼϰɭ˹˵Ҳ㿼ǵʱ䣬ͷѡҡͷѡ
ɭһϵˣʲôʿһ룬͵ͷˡ
ΪǷ޳ģδӦ˳´λȫ
ֻҪɽڡûա
ǹȫӾأлһڱ
Щڿ°ɭɫõ󣬲ŽǹͨͨӾ
ɿסɭӵ֣ﲻһ˿˵ϼŵרҵŶӼ㣬ɭܹҪ⳥һڣǼѾһ⹫Ĵƻ˻֮ڽһת˻ڴ֮ǰһһֱﶢ㡣




930¡
 

ܶԼдĽҩ͵ԭ۸񣬷ſ޹ҲҪִС
֪ʮһֽҩҩ㣬ʡỼߵ
һЩҩĻߣҪҩ
ӮöԼһҲͲˡ
˿̣ɭ֪ԼڳҲֻҷŭ
³˵³Ļ
ɭһڡ³¶ɫ
ǸعĴͿţҪһ֮óһʽҲôס
ɭķǳʹûа취ѹ˾ܶõʽȫת˵ҵ˼
ˡ³óֻʼ绰
ɿ֣ѷȥһϢ֪ͨڣҩѾƽ۹򣬲޹
ͬʱлʣ˵Ѿ֪ͨ罡ҽ֯֯άϣչ飬Ҳܳ
ʲôһɫ˲ҰףоԼ군ˡ
ʱɭ˵õˣҸĨϼš
ɭ㣿û뵽֯άֻûɭȽܻ߽˵ˡ
֮䣬ңȻɳϡ
Ϊ̵һǮȴû뵽һ˻ģԼԽȥˣ
ôǮһûУɲҪĺɭʱѾƹˤˡ
ҽʵʱ򱻵飬ȨƵλ϶ڣ˰ɭҲĽʵı
лнŵά־ֳԱʧǵĽʴߡ
ţлֽĿŵһֱɪɪ־ϡ
ллֳҵ£ǰɭ־ɭ飬֪ԼҲܱɭˣ۵֤ˣС
ɭ־ô˵ʱŭޱȣ
ûﵽæҲˣ־ǵһöûУڹؼʱϺȣ
ǳлϵɭǵɱ־
лֳҽѵԼˣӦòɣɭʵ
л۳ûҲûз԰ɭĻ
־״һţܵǰĵԲ֮ǰС飬ҿ԰ָ֤ɭң򰢵ɭҪ˴ˣ
ܣ֮ǰ˵ɭ׹̿аɭӻҲҶ𣿡
ܶԼ㻹ԼҪ᰺ۡ
ôڲȥ󰢵ɭұӻ
һӦ𣿡
Ļһһ־·ߣ˲ϵ±ˮ
Բ𣡳ҴˣĴˣ
־ֽӣͣͷ
Ҿһһֻ󡣬ȵôҿŮˣ
Բ𣬶ҵĴˡң
ȥ־
ɭıڣ￴˼־Ϲȥ˲伸ʮΧס־һȭߡ
־ùǺ󰧺ԽԽͣòˡ
ˣס֣ϾһĹҪҹɷãлվֹ
ʮɢ־ѪſڵϣĻں޲ѣ֪ͲCEOˣ
Լ˰Сʱ֮󣬸³㱨ɭһѾȫתϼŵĴƻ˻
ɭ۽һ粻ó˿̵ǳʹһܶԱŵĳĵŭ
˸绰ᰣȷһڵʺ󣬱վϷʰЦɭ˵˵лһڡ
ߣΪһھ˽СӣԺƣɭݺݵв
ڰɭвֻЦЦȫΪ⡣
лɫѵɭȻܶԼĿǰܳһҪǹٷĵ顣
ʲô㻹Ҿңɭŭǣվŭл
лη壬ĵɭάԷǷǹ뾳Ƿ˽һҽҩгߣڸһˣ
лĻٴ߽ά־ֵĳԱóҪɭ
ά־ֵȨ
ûȨɭףǱά־ֳԱס˫֡
ıֻܸɿš
лޱĵߣ
ȵȣɭҪά־ֳԱſڵʱͻȻе
л˰֣뿴ɭʲô˵
ɭת³ɫĵõʦŶӣ
ǣɭ³ͷӦ
û뵽ĸҴɭһִˣ׹ٷ֡




931¡ڶζĶ
 

ɭſŭͺⲻ˸
ҲҽҵĵڶζĶ
ŶʲôĶ˵˵Ȥʵ
Ϻ궼ˣȻôŸҺĵڶΡ
ֻɭ˵ǻĸҴң׹ٷԲӲʱִλлֳѱҸһᣬһһλ׹ǿսʿսˣҪάͷң
ΪʲôҪӦֶĶúܿЦ
ֲɵӣڰɭѶô˷ʱӦĶ
˵֪ǻѧĵһ˰ɣ׹սʿǻѧĹأԼս㲻ҽӵĻҾ˰ȫ綼֪˵ǻѧһˣҴӦ׹ǿߵսһ֪»ǹɶصӰ졣
ɭ֪ǿߣǼ䰮ϧϵġ
ӦԼս൱ڲսܡ
غѧغҵҫɭΪӦҲôӦ
νԽǿԽ
л갢ɭⷬɫ֣
Ȼ֪ɭʹò˵ɭĻе
ûһˣ뿴ѧһȫǰֻһث֣һЦ
лϣӦԼս
һͻȻ΢΢
ϽϽ㼴Ըķ
ʵνʲôѧһ˵ʯһս֮ȷʵѧһ˵ͷ
ҲͳеӦΡ
Ϊ˻ѧ磬һս
ãҴӦ㣡ϹŵЦ⡣
ɭЦСΪǹе;Լ޵ˣ
ϧǿĹңʼ׹
ͬ׹ƼսʿҲǿ࣡
³˾ܶõʽȫͶߵƸ룡λ֮ǰģɭԸ³
³Ĵǣ
Űɭлʵлֳ㲻뾳ɣ
ȻᣬҪǰұֻһ뾳ҪһʱϵƶʡᣬһȣлӦ
ɭɲںʲôһȣֻҪλߴӮʲôжûˡ
ۼɭ־άִߣҲ뿪˰ɭı
԰С׼ϢһµʱʡѾȫǷˣ
һըԵϢÿ˵Ĵԡ
ըĵȻʮһֽҩҩһ֮ȫзҿʼ
ǹڸعɵϢعͻȻͽҩ۸ȡ޹һһ⳥ʡǧߡ
ļǶ֪ع϶ϼŵܶԼˡ
ըϢǸعϰ尢ɭҩֹ˾CEO־Լ罡ҽ֯鴦ʱ
ϢʡھԾôģ
Ҳ帣عɺݶĵĿԼ֮ǰϼš
·ϣӵѵĵ绰
ӴΪʮһҩרȨĹѸȫҽѧ磬п˻ŵҽѧ绰ѵϲáڴ
ΪĹʵ̫ΰˣ
ҽֶзʮһҩĹףкܴŵ
Ҫ֪ùŵ޼ܹ٣Ҳǻĵҫ
ݸɴû뵽ʲôŵȥ
ҲҪŵҽѧ֤Լ
ϣô鷳ˣʮһҩרȨϼš㻹мԺǵĵλ϶Ժܿƹ㵽ȫҩ˵
Ѷʱһ˼飺һ˵ĹҺ
ǺǣҵĵӣҵĻȥǡóʦϣʵˣ˿ֻúϢȥЩ鷳顣
ֻεĴӦʮ־˽͵
ûûҹзһܣڿԻص԰ķӺúϢһ¡
ź󣬳룬϶Ƴˡ
֮ǰƳѾͳ΢ţ֪Ҫ
첽ߵƳλ޾ĴС㣬ʳɫΧȹȥһλ˵ٸ
߹ȥӱסƳε
ϤϢƳһ¾Ͳµ˭ס
⼸ۻ˰ɣúЪţòٽԷ
ҲҪԷҪ㡣°ͿƳε磬ĥЦ˵
Ƴε񾱺Ͷһ¾ͺˣǷ𡢱




932¡
 

˵ģǺ㿪ЦԽԽҲԼӴ
#160;  ͡㲻ǿЦҲﰡǳ
ôˣͳаЦƳΣֻܲΧȹ
ʲôƳδ˿ԣû׳Ļ
ƳεĶǲ·ֻΧȹ
㣡̬Ƴߵ͸ĺƻ
ҲСŮˣһ¾׳Ҫʲô
һλҽõĴС㣬ôܰҪ󣬴ôɫͳڳ
;֮
ȻЦЩָϼһͣһССҪ󣬶𣿡
ǰµĹͣǾȥҪƳҧӣǿ˵
һɵÿ
ҺҪ᰾Իһ߹
㹤ҲֻۣĲĵЦ
ƳȴԽԽˣҡҲܴӦҪҳ˺òã
һһҪ󣬴һϴɣÿһ仰òƳλȵҡ
ƳһҪһ˫ˮˣΪʲôһ뵽ôɫɫ飬һǵƬˡ
һϴ裬Ƴ붼룬Ҳ֪ԡʲô
ôҪ󲻹ְɣĻħջ
˵ʵƳζˣԴӺͳһ˼뽥ſˣżҲİ֮Աʴ̼
ƳοţҪҪһġ֡ҪʱȻоһ˱Ƕ
ǳ˵ζһɺܶص㡣
һ룬һǵ𣺡ܵܣƳãôôʣȻڳ§§ˡ
Ƴһ֪ˡ
˿ûˣûɿƳ֣תͷЦʵ۶ôҲˣأ
·ϣȻˡЦӯӯ˵ţȻǰһȻҲӱס˳
һʼδ۶㡭
ܵܣҰ־йƵҪúøлŶۼתͷĳ
ӣ˫˿˫۶ϣƺҪĻǶߡ
ǳǿ˿Ҳһ
ƳΣֱ۱ţļƷվĴŮм䣬ͺΣ޸Ҳδ̫ˣ
ó·ڴ˵е硣
Ƴֻ֪ۻˣ֪Ҳס˳˵ĶԻĺС㣬ǹһ飬Ҫһαꡣ
ôƳóԴ𣿡۳ԳԵЦóƳ仰ܴ
ƳȷʵԴˣڳǰֳҲŲǳԴףֻʵʵ˵ѡ
#160;  ۽ߵĽգһʾȷſ֡
ﷴӹһԹΪûлӦĻء
޵ĺ촽ͻȻԴǰһգס˳˫
⧲֮£ֻǡ
Ƴκ֮£תͷһĻ
ۣȻǰ׵ĵطǣ
һǣ
ǵôȣƳԺһƬհס
ΪʲôӵĽǼô
Ƴ뵽ԼͳĽǣһС׼ˡ
ƳξͬʱľȻֹѧϰ۵뷨
ۼƳתͷһ˫۵˹ȥ
Ƴοѹ˲䣬дʢ
ȻѾĬۺͳĹϵǵһˡ
ιҪҪģƳһ߽⣬һͼӳѳ
ǽıƳΣΪƳγҪ۵ġ
۵ĺ촽뿪촽һƬӨڣȻЦƳãҪҪҲ밡
ʲô룿Ƴˡ
ѵǻһ𲻳ɣ
#160;  Ƴ˲ɴŵĿŽںۣ
Ȼסˣ
۵ĺ촽ϻгĿˮ
һ̣Ƴرޣȴ޲
ӣʵ̫ˣ
Ƴһͷ۸ò˫ɣ
֮ǰɣԼסӡ֤˲²⡣




933¡Լ
 

Ƴεۿת۲ɿ촽Ц˵ƳãԺǺͳӻأܹҪͽһ̳ġ
㡢˵ʲôƳû뵽۾Ȼ˵˳׵Ļ
뵽ԼһͬʱͳȣƳζܲˡ
ͷһƬȣӵ롭
ſңñˣ
Ƴ˵仰۲ɿεơ
ܵܣشղŵĻŶҪôأҲȥϷƳˣתﲨʵ
ɿһһûá
ȷʵͦл۴˴Ƶ˴æ
ǾͲˣԼɡգŹ˵ۣﺬڴ˵
ȻŮϾҲŮˣԼ˽ģżҲͳ
δȳشƳαû˵ڶۣ㻹Ҫȥ𣿡
ģܵܺأҽҲʲô˶ġ
ۼĻƳɫֺˣֻûû
ҾýóȺúϢһ¡Ƴĵ׺۳Ϊ֪һƳʮһҩ;ж
ǳˣƳδ˿Ҳóƣ̬
ȴǺǳֻǳȥԼᣬʲôġ
ƳãҪɣ㲻ȥĻǽҪһ˯ķ䣬ҪôҺͳȥ˵ţиֽ֮ɫѡһóܵĸ󣿡
㡢㡭Ƴζʱ޻˵ˡ
û뵽۾Ȼһ˯ķ䡣
Ҫһ𡭡
Ƴ˵Ǿܽܵģ
ûôأҲûôš
Ƴòѡһһ¾Ϳˣסĸ첲ܵܣǽͺҳȥԼɡ
ðɡһЦͻȻоеͷ
ΪƳԳԴˣҲܲ˼۵ĸܡ
λŮ΢Դףе㶥סˣ뵽ԺᰡhطѩҲӽЩŮÿ칲һҵĳ档
ҪȥĻ극ߡƳȻԴףûмֹ
ͷӦ
ҲˣĸһЩ븣ع֮Ľ档
ͰɭƸԼսŮЩΪġ
ǳţǲ̫ǡ
극󣬳׼ȥ
ᰵۺͳҪȥԼᣬȻеҲû˵ʲô
Ϊ˴ϼţԳĸлѾ޷ˡ
Ҳ֪۶ԳԼֲǳķ˻ŮѣȻܶ¡
ȳ۳źƳʵ㣬С㷢չˣѵĿСѳ𣿡
ԣʱһȻ
û뵽ûͻȻ
ʱɽܲõӹһĨȻ糺죬漴ǿ򶨵˵պ˭һ𣬶ɡ
ǳ㰡ҪýȢĴţƳ˵仰󣬶Լﾪˡ
֪ԼǱʶʲôʱ˺ۡһ򡱵˵
ƳηԼۡһദԽԽȻˡ
ᰲ˼ĿɰıãЦõ˵ƳΣǲǱСϴˣʲôţֻҲ˵óڰ
㣬ôʲ˼ǣһҪռƣ֮Ҿֱ֧ģƳθɴſ˵ˡ
ʹ˳᰽飬ԼС˵˼
˵Ȼǰᰵ
Ƴοʱܳ衢ҪȨĹ
Ƴ뷨ܵӰ졣
ֻǹභǳңԶûôг
ᰲ֪˵ʲôˣƳεСԴƳΣں˼ʲôٿ㹬磬ǶʮһͣǹŴﻹʲô
㣬ҲΪƳ࣬§סᰵۣʼ˵˽
Ž컪͵ıŷ½GTһ԰С
۶ȥ棿
֪һҺܲĺƷ꣬ȥƷɡԼص㡣
ƷŮӵջģ˳Ҳе⡣
㲻³־ͺáЦЦ۸ĵǰĿĵء
ȻЦֻҪͳܵ˶ҳʲô֡




934¡߹
 

־ЦͷЩȡ
˵ԽԽ¶Ǵˡ
˺ܿ쿪ǼƷڵĺߡ
Ŀĵ֮󣬳ŷĺ̲쳣֣һŸɫ̳ź䣬ǾưɡСԵ꣬ȻһЩֳ
߽Ʒһ̣ƷԱ߾Ȼһݡ
óее㾪ˡ
ݿֶȼʽĺ̲ݵĳɱһĴ
Ϊ̷ǳȣÿҵ궼ǽŵģһǽڣǿʽġ
Ʒ˸λº󣬿ֱӿߵľݾưɣںȾ̸ЦұߵݣȽ塣
ȻΪûѧ䣬ΪݵĵӣʦĴ£ߵɳ̲϶
۵˼Ʒ󣬼Ŀŵɳ̲ϣҲ֮ȥ΢Ц˵ܵܣԼᣬôЩ׳Ͽ
ΧʿɶƮΪ۵ò޲ѡ
ȴ۵òϰΪˣЩ˰̣һʻţϡ
عͷЦЦʱר˲ˣһƬַǳĺ̲ߡ
һͷֺ̲ļʮˣǳùΪοΧۣӡ
λ̵ʦҲǳ棬ȥȫһΪʦ̬
ڶոսϷůͣѾнӽʮˣƬɳ̲˷ǳ࣬󲿷ֶȺȥ
Ϧ£ϼӹ棬ҫǵϡϣȾһƬƣ·ǵľΪһ塣
һĻ뵽ӰƷɺƬͷֻӰƬͷǳº̲䡣
۵Ӱﻹǰ溣̲ˣֳжķܷ̿ľ񣬳Ϊ
һ̸Цһ߹ͺ̲߶ſԶԶλʦһ̸
ʦ˵عϰ尢ɭһλǻѧһԼս֪ʦܲӦˣǵӹеĿڵ
ʦüһɫÿƼǿߣܹƿˮ׵硢쫷Ȼǻʦֻ֮ʦһó뻯ҲԵЩǿܣֻ˵սض쳣
ʦô˵ĻʦʤǳˣҲ¶֮ɫ
ʦ̾һʦǻѧȽȽĳǣ߽ʦΪʦ֮ףسʦĳЩ׵ľΪʦҲϣʦܹΪѧ⣬ǰսߣǴʵϿȷʵֹۡ
ϣʦӮɣϾµһǻѧĴ˵ţĿ¶֮ɫƺǳķ˿
ðݸʱһ̶
˭˵ճµµһ
üͷһ壬עĿȥһȺߣȺ̲ϲȥ
ȺߴԼʮˣȥڣ⡣
΢΢üͷѵȺ߹ݵģ
ʵ¶ˣȺߣΪ߹ݶ
ҲһĻһֱע̲ϵЦһܵܣҪҲȥְɣ
áˣһߵƬɳ̲
⻹οҲһΧۣ˸㡣
ۼǰʱ̲ݵʦȺ˵
λͬҴݣ֪Ϊ£ʦҲȺⲻƣ˲ûбֳĿ
ղɳµһߣһϸհʦĸͽǰݣʦĸУ
ݣʦһɫˡ
ʦհĵӣôǧܵƶʡˣ
ң߹ݵģ
ݵļʮӣ˵Է߹ݣʱϳ壬׷ŭЩհݵĵӡ
ǴȻʡƲϵһҲǺպ컹ǵһα߹ݡ
ҶԷǲĸհݵӣһ
ϾʦհͷôǼ䰮ϧˣôԼĵӴӻܵ߹ݣ
ʦĵ飬ѾΥѧˡ
Χ۵ȺǼЩ߾Ȼ߹ݵģ˷ΪкϷˣ
ʦĸͽʦ̫ţɡ
˸ߣȻûʦĶɣλҵʦáҲʦ÷á




935¡ͱ
 

ʦ֪հͽ֮䣬м٣͸ɻˡ
ɵԱߣվһλΪӢŮԼʮֻ꣬Сһ㡣
÷õŮҲһĽл˸˷ܼ֮顣
Ϊǵһθʦֳ߹ݣôΧۡ
ŴӮݵߣΪʦü÷÷ǳڴ
÷С㣬ĳǳӭ߹ݣˡĳ޷ˡʦҲǰϧˣȻ书ԶԶʦհҲԽݺհĵд衣
ԲЦһȺʦҲ¶Ϸ֮ɫôߵ
Щ˶ǵʦ̫ˣ
ȻɽĻʦĵǣ޲
ô˵ʦԼˣҽϸհݵսˣ
ĳȻղʦô˵ҲǺʦཻͬҵǺܻɣսңûоʦͬ⣿ʦƢܺãֱڶ̵ס
ߣƾһͣСɾ϶ҲʦཻͬɵĻͱˣһѧǰľⶼûС
ʦƢٺãҲüͷ
λӣҲǴǿĵӣʦѾ̲סˣŭһҶʦȳһȭ
һ䣬λӱȥһѸ͵ֱȭ
мԷĹơ
ǵӵȭͷţɲһȻ֣һƵǰʦӵĹĵ
ǵʹȫһʯ󺣣вһٴγУȴȭͷɵסһɺǿʩѹ
ϸ΢ǵһʹջֱۣԼֹǾȻˣ
׾ôʦǵʵ
һʹ࣬и֮ɫ
ʦû뵽Լǿĵӣһͱɻˣ־ŭ
ɣȳ޹ҵӣ
ҿԣɸֶ̬ưˣ˸˵˴߹ݣʦ˼
ʲôʦʱޱȣ¶ŵɫ
ʦհȻĽĵƶʡ߹ݣ
ⲻ̫ˣ
ʦô붼벻ס
Χ۵ĳҲ΢΢죬ʲôʦհʲô
ֻļ˵ʦѾƶʡᣬ˼ҴʦȥսʡἸǿݣҺʦЩݡ
ʦʲô˼ʦǾ졣
û뵽հҲƶʡˡ
һõӵʡ߹ݣԽΪƻ˻ѧιء
ɰüʦǱıչʮ꣬ڴʦ֮ٴͻƣ񾳽ʦ֮ϣΪµһ˼ҳ֮׼Ѹ滪ģѧ磬ȴ˵и½ʦȻΪѧǿĸ֣ʦܲŭ˱ǰƶʡᣬǸʲôʦһս߹ݣΪ˸ʦ
ʦⷬ¶Ȼɫ
Ҳ˵հչص飬ʮѧʢ£հûг֡
ʦ֪հرսͺ֮ǰ½νµһͷ
ʮ꣬ͻȻ˵һѧСȥµһͷհȻסˡ
ԲŲԶǧǰƶʡҳһս
Χ۵ۣ³ţЦܵܣͷһս
ߴʤе
ЩʦʵʵԼĵ̴Ų
ʮһˣҪµһ
ʱʦͻȻ뵽ʲôڵɣȥʦʦһλ׹ԼսһսغǻѧҫϣʦҪԳʦ֣Ӱʦ״̬
ʦΪ˵λøС
ƾǻѧ𣿻Ըʲô׹ǰɣҿʦ֣ͱˣɲ֪ΧȺ֮У˵֮
ʦòסҡͷʲôʦʲôͽܡ
հƢԸ߰ĵҲԸ񣬽ͨ
ֻʦ֪׹һսӰ죬հƻˡ
ɣϿȥɣҲӦսҳʦ׹һսҪʦһԴΪءʦĵȰ
ߣ㲻Ҳô򣡡
ȴǲͷϻˣһʦĳ͵һƣ




936¡
 

ʦû뵽˵ʹĻҲˣ
أ
˲䣬˶Խһȭƣ˺һ
ΧȺҲǷ׷ˡ
ֹУǿɲ뱻
ƶʡǸ֮ΪŨĳУͨڴ󲿷ֶ֪ߵʵжǿ
ֻǱߵȭ΢һ£Ҫ˽ǡ
ʦɽ֣ܿжϳ˶ǻСɵˮƽ
óĸǣɲʮ꣬Ѿ뻯ɵʦհ̵ˮƽܲ
ͬʱҲλʦһ˿Ȥ
Ϊɸղ˵հѾԽʦˮƽһȫµľ硣
֪ȫµľʲô
֪ѧ磬ʦߵ컨ˡ
ʦֻ൱ڹĶǰˮƽ
հͻѧ缫޵ĻпǿƥУ
ˮƽĻԼҲһհĶ֡
ȻһֻǳĲ²⡣
һţʦѾ˼ʮУʱѽѷ֡
ݵĵӣʦȻѸŵСӣôοͿǵӶеȥˡ
ͬʱҲܾɵʵȻʦࡣ
Ҫ֪ʦΪѾʮˣȻ֮ûͻƣս鲻߿ɱȵġ
ܺʦò£ͷǳѵˣ
հߣ÷õ˵ı飬Դݵӣ򵭶ࡣ
ƺǶŶʦܹʤ
ܵܣıӮ۹ۣ
֮壬ʤ׳ռıˣйӦʤ
˵С۸ʦ˥ۺεı¶Լıġ
仰հݵĵȫŭӹ
һǧĵĴŮЩ˵ŭԼ˼֡
÷þͲһˣŮƶʣο۳İĶʦ֡
ʱ÷ŭɫüͷ߳ȵͨ˶ʲôҲҶʦ֣ѧأдû֣֮
ͨһεεĴŮƤõ覣ôġ
СãҪ˵ŶѿǴĳʦұʦأ۴ǹЦһ
÷úһڸհݵӣ·ʲôЦ
λŮߵͨλ˵еĳʦ
ôǺŮڴţЦ
ʵĴȻ˻ѧ磬˵ȴ١
ʦɣ˶ûȥʯۿʦ֮սҲʶ
ҳվΧȺ֮Уȫһͨˣ˭֣
ߣ˵ʦʲô֪ˣúûʶķϻ÷óһ󣬲ٿǿʦսɣ¶Ľɫ
ҲûָЩϳۿųнսˣֳʤˡ
ֻͻȻһȣƻ磬ʦƵòϺˣɫǵͨ죬ۿҪסˣ
ڣɴƵʱʦҲ޷ֻ˫ǿһͱɳȥ
˿һĻ֪ʤѷ֡
ͻȻüͷһ壬ΪɲûдŹܵʦ
ʦ˳ȥɳʤ׷ΪץֱȡʦӾҪʦΪ
ݶȥˣһʦǰ
ǰͻȻһӰɾ֮£ȫһצ
ΪǰӰ֮ʱȴȻһȻܿƵĵɳȥ
ʦ֣հݵĵӣܳ뽫ɽס
û뵽ɵȴ̺һǿҲһɳȥ
ˤ˸䡣
ˤڵأ˲ɫ죬Ѫ֮ɫ
ʲôˣΪȻһΣ
򲻿׽ˣ
ʦ֣û°ɣ÷üæܹסɡ
վڿǸֵˣһƽƽˣἸꡣ
һ֮£ɸˣϳ˴ʦ֣ôܻ˱ڸ£ͻƻ
ܣ
һߣϾվţ˲˵Ľ㶼ϻ۶
Ȼ֮
ʦҲԼݵĵӷסˡ
ŵĿǰӰΪ书ҪɷϵͻȻ֮˾ͳ־
λСʦǣ
˭
ʦͬʱʣһ𾴣һš
Ҿǳ
һȫȻ




937¡
 

˵Լ֣ڳ֮˶Ŀɿڴ
ʡĲڣѾĴֻδˡ
ǰͨͨȻǴ˵еĳʦ
⸱ȫûһ˵Ӱ
һʱ䣬˰Űɡ
Ͼղųһ£ҲǼٵġ
ɺͼհݵɣѾ˵
ʱ÷õɫȴ΢΢һ졣
Ϊղ˼Ҳ书
תۼͰİĶʦָˣ
÷üǵʦ˵һ֣ܶ˫ʵһ󼶱
Ҳ˵ǰͨλʦ
÷øеˣ֮ɫ
հݵĵҲһ
Ƕᣬ󲿷ڶʮ꣬ͨǻҪһ㡣
Ȼǵʦ
ʵ̫˼ˣ
ߣΪң͸ðʦˣȻųǳʦʵ಻𣬱Ϊҿ
ɾԼ۽ܸߣԳʵжϺ׼ȷ
ȻҲ֪˵еĳʦᣬղųһ֣ûкܿţʦͿ԰쵽
ɿҪǰͨǳʦղŸõʦǰֱӴͿֹʦ
һȴˣΪ˶ôݡ
㲻žˣڲٿǣ˵
˼Щհݵ˹ˡ
㣡
÷úһڸհݵӣ׷ŭӳ
ȻΪͺ˵һǵʦ𣬵η塣
ΪհڻϳưһЩӵƢýᡣ
ǵʦհǹھĵʦڻԽˮƽ
հ˻ǳ̣ôһλ޵еĳֱӻţ÷ߵֺ޿֡
÷úʮʦԾԾԣҪȥΧŹɰ˰֣ʾǲҪ嶯
ţɿ˵Сӣʡļݵݸ֣ҴʦҲǵʦʱұ𣡡
֪ƶʡĵʦּ࣬𣬿϶ʡἸ󶥼ݵݸ֣ҲǴʦֵ߹ݶ
˵Ҿǳţȥֶ
㲻˵ǰɣãʡĵô࣬ҳߣһ£һʦʦ÷߶ȥ
תʦתΪº͵ʵʦû°ɣ
лȣûʲô󰭡ʦ¶мɫ΢΢ͷڴʵǴĳʦ
ûҡ΢΢һЦ
Ǽ䣬ݣʮӴžݵĿ⣬˹
ʦϸֹ֮ɫݵʦ
ʦ֮ˣôһֻ֣ʦס
ʦû뵽֣԰
ʦһ䡣
ʵղųʱѾŲ³ˡ
Ϊƶʡĵ֣ûôġ
ȫҲûжʮĵ
ôƶʡᣬ书ڵϵģҲֻгʦһˡ
ʦķУҲû˵ʲô߹ȥʦа׾ĵһơ
֮󣬰׾ѵֹǣڽһʱϡ
ƣоʹȫ׾ܳл
лʦΪҴͽˣʦҲһлȻ¶֮ɫʦ밢ɭƸ׹߾սϣܹʤǻѧȫ򡣡
ЦЦڻ֪ɭƸʲôߣҲ֪ߵʵжǿ󣬴սʤ㼸Σδ֪
׾ȵӣøӵˣΪǸоʦƺûкܴİա
ʦⳡԼսôѧҪȫ糰Цˣ
ʵԼǫ飬ԴӼʶӰй˾˹ʵ㲻Сߡ
Ȼ˹ʵһֻ࣬ǵʱһս˹Ʒ籩ƾ˶ѡ
ʦԼսհλʦȴʱʡᣬõȥ߹ݣʦҲһսʦʱҪȰ˵һʦԴΪءʦѵ
Ҳհǿʤ̫֡
ʦֻϣհ˼ʦ֮ǿȳһҪս
۶߰ɡʦһڴݵӵͷȻ§۵ˮȥ
ʦĵǺΧȺ۲ѡ
书ôߣǵĴŮ飬ʦ̫ˣ




938¡۵˼
 

ܵܣȥ·òã۰뿿ڳϣһӣ֪ʱ˺ܳһס
ʮĵôУ
˼Ŀɲͨ·ŶصЦ
óе
ΪӺͨŮһҲϲֹ·
۵Ļһ˼
ʲô·ʵ
۹ӣ֪ˡ
ֻÿ˵ĵַǰһҷװǡ
Ŀĵ֮ųĸ첲ųһұµķװꡣ
ʱ֮ǰ˵Ĳͨ·ʲô˼ˡ
ԭ۴ģȻ֮ǰȥװꡣ
ƴ󵨶ԸеŮԷװóеˡ
ȿȣ۶ôͻȻ·Ȼʵ
۳ԳЦܵܣ㲻ͺһ𣿡
ҡʱˡ
ûҪ󰡡
ܵܣͲýˣ캣һűСŮͣһֱ·϶رҪġ۶ٵӡǳ̡
ٴŸֿʽŮװͨŮȫһ
۵ʱͲ²ǳ˼˳Ȥ
֪۶ƯŮˣһ֮Ҳеġ
ȦҲôԱ绨ŮţȴҪ͵ˡ
ΪԼͳŮȣû̫ơ
ԱһЩķʽֺó
Ϊʲôۻװꡣ
ô˵Ҳķǣװ˾ˡ
ʼڴ
뵽۴ҵһԸзװӣͷһƬȡ
۶Ȼ㶼ô˵Ǿɡһ˵ţһߴķװ
ҲֿʽķװһʲôʿŮǶװװˮַȵȣӦоС
ЩװƳɰ͸οտʽܹгŮ˵ġ
ʦŮˣҲܶ˵֪ڰΪջ
ܿ죬ﶼʮװ
ƺδˣͻȻ뵽ʲôʵܵܣ˵ҪҪƳҲһأ
ȣ汻ҭˡ
۾Ȼ롰һƳΡ
뵽Ƴλ̫ŵÿĴС㣬洩ҵķװջ̫ˣ
ƳƲᴩġ˵
Ц⣺ô㣬᲻𣿡
͡һصġȷʵˡ
Ц֪ˣܵƳΣȷʵء
˵ĶԻõĵԱ͹˿еԾˡ
ֹͨŮһŮѰ
˰Բ²϶мʵ̫Ҹˣ
·ۻص԰С
ôװ᰺Ķеġ
Ϊûкô·
ʲô·ҿƳŴ߹
װ·Ĵƺͨװе㲻һ
ѷװ𵽱󣬹˵۶ԼϲģӦûʲôȤ
̲סЦ
Ƴã뿴Ļķ䣬㴩㿴
ҲŲϡأƳθ˸ۣȴ͵͵װ顣
һʿװƳζʱɫ죬ŵĿųۣ㡢ǾȻ
ôˣ۸ûһ˵ƳòҪԴ´óȥ򡣡
ҲŲ·ߡƳνһٿ
Ǳŭ޳ˡ
۽·Ž۵ķ֮߳
ؾᰶе棬۾ʲô·
ԸȻʳڡ
ʱҹϴ˸裬ͻصԼķ˯¡
Ƴκ۶֪⼸ۣ˲ûй
ҹѺİɭ͸³ͨ˵绰
³߽𣿡ɭ˿̷ǳķŭΪǵһΣһǱ˹Ѻ
ɭѾ߽ˣ׹һλߣʦƽ³
ܺãܺãɭ˷ܣλߵʵô
˵ǶĴڣ޽ӽߣԸʦ⡣³ƽʱ򣬾Ϳλߵϡ
ƽʲôʱƶʡ᣿ǰɭĵ⡣




939¡սڼ
 

³ش뾳ѾڰˣֻҪάֵлͬ⣬ƽͿԵƶʡᡣ
ߣǸлֳѾ˵ͬģ̸Լսѡƶʡݵսص㡣ɭ
ѾȲóƽܣͿˡ
ǣ
³ӦȻȥˡ
ﰢɭڹʰͽǧ
ǹ˰߽֮
ΪѾڹʰˡ
˵عɵϰԸֲӵ̹ܽ٣߶ҽ
ôǿġ֮֡˹ɱ󲿷һ߶֪ԼǳĶ֣
ѾǷëǵĴڣ߶мͳսԸعִͿŵҲ߳
ɡʦƽ˰ɭ
Ϣڹʰһ˶ˣ
Ϊ֪ƽǶﶥĴڣԱ˹Ҫǿ
ƽһǿĶߣûκζߣƽǰԼǿߡ
ĳЩߣܼɵƽ
ΪƽܣƿϸָĶأ˵Ƕ
ͨմ֮ǿҲ޷
˵ʦġˡ
һΣʰ񣬶ΪʦضܹʤΪѹǿߵ档
Ͼ֮ǰڹʰ̫ˣһЩķ˿죬ǿǷǳˬ
ƽ󣬸³ϢҲɢʡѧ硣
ܿʡѧ֪ҪսĶ˭
ʡϢܵĳܲսʤλǿġʦ
ҲĲ̫࣬ΪݶŴ鷳
ʦհҲƶʡˣ
Ϣʡ˵ƽ뾳Ҫը
вݣѾհĵ߹ݡ
հĴͽǵ֣ƾһʡἸ󶥼ݣЩݳǸհݣհݵֹݡ
ʡᶥ˵Ǽĳ衣
൱ԼƱժҪϱҵơ
ݵĹǣȻǲӦġ
֮ǰѾѡΪ𣬲ܵǽͷݣָΪհ
һλ۷ϵ书֮ӦҲôӦˡ
հֶΣ½컹Ҫݣ
ݺַųϢóʡݣʦһս
ݣѾĳɸհƶֹܷݡ
ԣĻҪԼʦհհΪµһˡ
ʡѧ˵һըԵϢ
ΪһҪ͡ʦƽһսҪʦհһս
Ȼʡвˣǧ似֡
λʦɲǺöԸģ
ϴհѾԽﵽߵľ硣
һԸǿߣʡǶó׶༪ˡ
³֪ͨԼսص㣬ںʱհʡֹܷݡ
Ϊ³Ҳ˵һλʦԼսԲŰѵص㰲ڸհݡ
ǰɭ⣬ûʦɱ
ֱӴӦ
Ȼհﵽͷˣֻһ˽ᡣ
죬԰Ϣ
ᰡƳκ˵ǿߣͬʱԼսΪġ
ȴÿڣľ״̬
ڵԼʱ䣬һǰհݵֹܷݡ
λŮȥģ´սչǻᱻ˲һͬǰȥ
Ϊ˲óģֻճȥ˾ڴʤ
һ죬հƶֹܷ쳣֡
ƶʡѧֶˡ
ػָϹս
Ϊһѧʢ¡
ҳƽһսغѧҫ
ƽǴԼսѧһ˵ġ
ڶѧȻϣʤ
ʦհƾճƶʡѧ磬ƱȳҪǿʢ֡
һѧѾյհԽʦıըϢ
Դʯʦ֮ս֮Ҳֻǻʦ֮ףûгԽʦľ硣
հ̳һλʦһ˴ƶʡᶥݡ
Ӷôǿɴ˿ɼհľɲ⡣
Ȼţûʦͽ
һհˡ
۷ųϢհҪԼսڻܳҪԻѧһ˵ţƽս
հ˰ø֣սʤ׹ߵϣλʦϣǳ
߸ķհΪ£Ƶߵհǰ
ûȥͱ
㣡ſڵһʱһŭ𣬡һû㱨ȻԼ




940¡ʦ
 

ưĸհݵӣúϰ仰ֻÿƽһսġ
Ǻǣ㻹ԼˣɺʹſڼӶʮֺЦ
ΪǴûôװˡ
ʦã鷳ȥʦֳ
ã÷õ˳һۣȻܽˡ
״ҲŽȥˣȻЩհݵ۲ʶ̩ɽ
ʱΪǰս߶ѵ룬۳һСȦӣѽ̸ڽĴս
еһ̫ʦϣһߣԼʮҡ
Ȼȥϣ˫ĿҹеĵƻԳʢ
λƼеһ¶η֮ɫ
ʱߵߣӵ֣ߵüףֺ÷С
λ߾Ǵʦհ
ڳʯʦ֮ս֮ǰհһȱѧΪǺͱе㲻µʦԾµһͷ
հأǰֶλʦϢۻأԹ
Խʦ磬ԡ
հߣվһλӣԼʮңҲڶ־ֺõĶ
ӾհĴͽۡ
ʦͬƶʡᣬչֳǿʵġ
һʡἸ󶥼ݵݸ֣ƶʡķڷ
ǰսߣоб۴ܵģЩ߿۵Ŀ⣬η塣
Ϊ۲书ǿֻǳⷽհȣѾˡ
Щľţǵʦʱձضͻʦ
ʱհݾλʦհʵʦҪ߳һ󵵴Ρ
հʵ˵ǻĵһˡ
ĸǰֺõߣλӦ
˿ֻһ뷨ǾǼʶһڻѧ磬ͷ÷ǳλʦʵΡ
ʦ֣˶ʦֵСҲսˣһŮӵ
һۿȥʦ÷á
ŶСӸݣ̫ᣬ֪ߵغ񣡡иֲм֮ɫСڽûУ
ſڣʦȥ𡣡÷ҧȻ޵
ߣҹȥ
ȸհʾһ£հǼΪ̵ˣѾ֪飬ֱӵͷӦˡ
֮ǰɱ˴ˣǲ̫ŵġ
Ϊһ书޵ˮƽƶʡѷ֡
ȥ߹ݣ϶ᱨհĴĸ۵ĻҶʦĸͽ֣
۾ò˼顣
Ҿɺ÷Ǹ˻ǳᣬжΪԷǵˮƽ
˼ŨȤ
ΪΪԼǾ˫ѧţҲڽʮʱͻƵ
ھȻиѧ󱲣һǵ
ǳ˸ž޵ĳʦиʦܵᵤʦѧʲôʱôˣ
ɴɵģǳʦ
ȴʮֿ϶˵СӲǳʦ۱˶ʦܵĻ
÷ߵſڣۼһƽƽˣԼʦܶš
һ֮£۲ʧ
һˮƽΡʶᷢı仯һ֪Ǹ֡
ʵ̫ͨˣȺﶼҲ֡
Ȼǵʦ
ɵжûֽŲ鸡ϢͳĵʦҲ۵Ķ֡
ǴҶʦܵСӣ۲ʵ
ȻӦûûպǶ֣һΣҾʦԼսĳʦ
ߣһҰ·ӣҲðʦЦѣɱȻˣ͸ҶʦܵĴ۰ɣ
ۿ۾Ҫ֣Ц˵Ĳȷһ£Ҿǲǳʦ
ҪǳʦȻʵ߽ȥ
ۻһ䣬ƶȻһ䣬֮ԪĵҪ
ɡ÷õһʦʦã˫۷Ź⣬¶ɫ
ʦ̫ˣ
ͻƵãԪȻ˻ĵز
ʱͻʦԿڣ
ƱͻȻһ⣬һЩ书ԲĤʹ
˾Ծȵ⿴ȥֻհĴվſڣƺ׼˶֡
֮ԸȣΪǰս֪һλĸ֣
ʱڳվڴſߣֱۡɵ˵ס߶
ͻʶߣгˡ




941¡߷ɼʮף
 

ڣڶ߶ܺ棬˭ô죬شӣȻϸհݡ
ںܿѾǻǿֵհ֮ڡ
հҲſڿȥ
֪ۼɵĵ֡
հģΪ֮ĲҲǷǳ޴ġ
һֱŴڵľķÿͻһ㾳磬ʵͻᳬͬȾĶ֡
ͻƵ֮۵ʵǵõʵķԾ
ΪڿʼľԪľԪѧе
ķһɣԪϢսвԪѸ޸ˣѧ󲿷ķҪǿöࡣ
Ϊʲôͬȼĵߣȴмһ˵ԭ
Ҳհӻʦԭ֮һ
ߵĿϡ
ڣ۶ˣ
ο㱼
۵ʽ򵥶֮
ΪԸҪʹôտѧƾһԪͿɱ
ɱضýǰսߴΪ𺳣
Ǹհݵͷ
һ֮䣬Ѿ˻Ԫ֡
ϧɱˣҲҪ
۳˺Բеŭ
һ֡Ҫöַ˵ߣһ¶ûС
˳Ҳˡ
ۼۿʯһƴһ߳һţ
أ
־ڱصõһƣ·ûͱһ߷ɳȥ
ɡ÷õȵĿɿڴ֮У߷ݣֱֱɽ֮ڡ
ڵڶߣһĻȫˡ
ΪհĴɻܶԷû뵽ȴԷһɱ
ֲ࣬˵Էʦ
ȫƲסԼΣǸǿѪڰдһѪߡ
ӵɳʮ׺صˤհĽŸǰ
˶֪Ҫˣ
Ȼ˸հ谮ͽܣʦҲ޷ܵסհŭ
˭հа޾ķŭĴÿ˵ĶС
ɡ÷ǾĿ£ͥɢ߽ݡ
ǳʦ
ʦˣ
ֲɱʦĸͽԭǳʦ֣
ڵڶ֣˲佫˳
˾ڴŽհ۷һս
ʦδ֣Ƚôӣ϶Ҫˡ
հ΢΢һֻֽ۷
һ֮£˵òᣬܿӰ쵽Ժ
հŭ죬΢˶ŵˣսѡ
Ǿŭ߳ܣû뵽ƽƽСǳʦ
֪ˣͲóȻˡ
ܺãõúţհɫ̫֮ʦεһֻ飬ʦȻʢһͰô磡
ѽݸ֪ͽܣͽȡˡ
ƮƮĻЩհǻը
Ͼʦհǿסŭ𣬸ֹУŭΪ㡣
հɳǲǹۣŭ
ͽѧղóʦЦˡհ˵䣬ŭɫ˿ϲŭ
Ϸչʮ꣬ճأųʦʯ½죬ѧΪµһ
ʲôµһѡںĻӦ
հЦ

ǻѧ˶ţ
Ȼһϵӡ
հΪõµһֻ֮ǹߡװ⡣
Ӿܵôߵ棬˼뾳ѹհһͷ
ΪհƶʡᣬΪ˺ͳµһͷǻѧ֪顣
հԼҰģҲװںΪµһ߱ϵ׷
ʦµһǻѧ繫ϵţʲôհ˵÷ǳ֣أϷһսҪûѧ֪˭µһ
ҪţǾȥˡģλƽϡ
ɲΪ˺հʲôµһġ
ȻԸƽ֮󣬳ҲհС
Ͼ˼Ҷϵǧƶʡսˡ
仰հüͷɫ˲ȥ
Ϊ⻰˵úµһͷҪͳһ
͵ͬˣ
ѧһܹԣʦ裡
հ˿̾ٺãеŭҲޱȡ
ʦŭȺӢ
ڶ֣ųʦ˵
û뵽ʦ֮ϵհǰʦ˿ԣ
һսհҪˣ




942¡ƽ
 

ʦµһǱȳģͳġ
հ࣬һսҪһսŨصʽУܱĿƻˡ
ڣλʦƽδһʤԻѧһ˵ţӭսƽ
ȴ΢΢ҡͷհȶԸλ׹ߣȻһս
ڳƽвհҪһЩ
հ⻰ζͱˡ
ȻһٶĿû
Ͼ˶֪λ߷ǳǿ
⻰Ǳ˼ܻƽհһսֻ൱ڷ㡣
հ̣
ߣʦʮʦδҲδ̫дˣӮλߣ
ֻͨʦļ𣬸ֿܵƽĶܣ
죬ȰµһŽг
Ҳѧ磬ȫǰ
հ˵ⷬۻվҪչս
һǶڴĻѧ۷֮ս
һսضʯʦ֮սӾʣ
ۡɺ÷õȸհݵӣϾ˷ܡڴ֮ɫ
ЩӶţ֮Ǿµһֵĵˣ
ңۺɶ֪ʦһ֣֣ʦСҪ
ֻпųհϵУۺɲܽͷ֮ޡ
ΪˣٻⱲӿԴˡ
հ߹ÿһƱǿһ֣ǹһεЦ⡣
ֻȽλʦƽһˣ
˼ֵʱݴſͻȻӿֽһȺˡ
ȫС
˵Ŀȫȥ
תһֵˣһǰɭָ³һóɫ΢΢һݡ
վڸ³ߵУԼһ׾ߣʮ꣬һͷɫͷɢʹȥߴ͡ȴеɭ
еϣ԰׵ƤŲĹɫһ˫Ӹһ㣬ڳ˱ӹ⡣
˲òҲ֪ߴУضλߣʦƽ
³ƽ󣬻żװУԼһЩ̧ŻͲߡ
ﲻ׼㣡۳ȵ
˵Ӻԣɲ뱻Щȥȫ˾֪
³Ϲźܼٵ΢Цʾߣ
ʦʦǲüս棬Щսܿ԰ɣ
ǿհɫʦûԣ㿪ڵԣǵļߣʱҪʵ
ΪհݵĵӣΪʦӮȻϣЩ߰հĴȫ硣
հҲġ
³֮ԴôҪƽݺ軪󶥼֮󣬽һսдűȥûѧ綪ȫ磡
Ҳǰɭ⣬֪ٵѧɱһʦá
˿̼İɭѾȲΪ˵ˡ
³üվһߺ󣬱㹧Ŀƽܵλ׹ΰƼǿսʿʦƽ
ƽһ͵ĮɫǰЩ߶˵ϡ
ҲֻڹʰһƵֵĳȤ
Ͼʦ֣ɱ֮˹ҲҪЩ
սʤ˹ƽԻĵ߹ˮƽٸеһЩ졣
ƽֻųһˣ³ŽܵƽλǻǿʦŻߵѧˮƽ
³УŲ۵ȴһ˿֮ɫ
Ϊǹ˵ģ
Ȼհݵĵȫŭ
˭˵ǻǿʦģ
У㿴ʦ𣿡
ʦǻѧһˣ
հɫҲô˵棬ߣ³ɻĵһĸ飿
Ӵǲ˼ʦҲ³ȵĿڣʦĵ˵ǻĵһ֪֮ǰѧ綼ϳʦǵһôҵ׸˭Ļأ
ߣ׼ͳʦһȻ֪˭ǵһհһ
ãЩС߼ʶһ£Ļĵһ֣ʲôˮƽ
³ֹڴ˵ǾʦȺͳʦһǾʤƽԾɣ




943¡Źͷ
 

ȵȣʱͻȻڣ³ȽҺǸع֮ɣ
ȻƽѵͲȺհˡ
հǳı֡
³հɭ⣬λʦɱ˲ûдӦĻǿհ
ֻհ˫֮УзŭĻ䶢ųڵһҪȺ߾սˣ
ûհ㲻ļջսġһĴݡ
հŭЦһܺãҾȴߣٽµһţͷժ
˻һȫʮֲ졣
߱ΪҪӦս֡
ȴհųԣҪȺսƽͳ
ֻ˵հʵޱȵţܷųĺԣ
΢΢üͷ
հδŹͷˡ
ղƽʱ򣬳Ϳ͸ͫжϳհʵܿܲƽĶ֡
հҪսƽ
뵽հȻԸưϾԼҵĸ֣ߴӰ첻ãƽ͵Ȱհ㲻ƽĶ֣ɡ
˵ʲôհЩըˡ
հԴӳΪʦϵ޵֣ܺµһš
һ֮㡢½ʦȻҶָָ㣬˵򲻹׹ߣ
ʵ̫Цˡ
ۡɵ˴ŷߺ޿
û˸ǵʦ
ڵһ֣ҲóĻδ̫̫֡ˡ
ԼһùƽڻĳһԽʦĴ֣սʤƽϣ㻹λ֣
һʱ䣬ԭܳ羴ǣԳеʧ
ôΪʦȻǿƲסԣƮˣ
հЦáãȻ˵ֵֻ¼ˣҺúÿŰɣʦ
ԼȰλʦֻգҲֳͷβĺˡ
ȻհսƽǾȥˣ
³û뵽հᱻ÷Ҫƽɲļƻ
δȸ³ڣƽѾͷˣǵ˭Ҵ򣿡
˵ʵ˳֮⣬ߣۣλƲͷ
ƽֻܳǿߵҫ
ϷԻѧһ˵ţӭսհǰһɫ˵
û֣ѾʼµһԾˡ
ۡɵȵӣһߣȻҲû
ðԺЦ
հʦҪµһͷ
ǻѧһˣ˵ʦǵһ𣿡ƽǳɻ
Щߵ̬ȣƺͬհ
ôڹʰôЩ˷ԳڴƵġ
ʵЩ߶ûϹȻûɱ˹Ƶ
հȻϷǱʮ꣬ѳԽʦ磬ϵµһţ׹ߣ㲻ҪսĵһǾһսɣ
ƽû̻Ӧǿ³
ΪֻܵǻܳһˣͷͻȻҪ򣬾һֻҲҪ˷һʱ䡣
³ѹƽͷһܣǸعɻḶӦıꡣ
ƽͷ˳յϢ
հ״֪ƽӦˡ
˲䣬Ʊǵ㣬Űùսˡ
Ҫˣ
˵Ŀ⣬ڴ֮ɫϣʦսʤƽûѧüȫ磡
հڳһӼ׾ȭУɽ֮ϡ
Գݣ֡
ƽɲʲôѧأ΢Ǽ۳һīɫĹâ
ƽ̺ص
һĻհɫ
ߵߵһԣǾʵı仯
հƽɺԼͬĶ֡
̤ˮƽãհԶԶﲻԵĵز
һ̣ƽͻȻһӣŨī̵Ĺâհȥ
հͺһȫī̹â࿹⣡
Ծһܵеհ˿ȴоī̹âҵĸʴ
ǿĶԣհľķӵ޸ԵԪȻī̶ʴһɶ޷ԭ
ս޷ظԪսô
һߣƽмҡҡͷ
Ϊհҵӣû뵽ͷ̫ˣ
ƽһֻֻ֣һƬī̶
հʧɫʮ๦ȫķڵϣƽַĻᶼûУ




944¡ԸĴ
 

ƽûī̶հסհӣһȫˣ
ΪһսȭŶûһ£γհصľ档
ֶսʵ˴⣡
ۼհתúܳӣǾ¶֮ɫ
ۡɺ÷õȸհݵӣ֮࣬ǲ书ǿ󵽾˫ʦȻƽĶסˡ
߶ţսȻֹۡ
Խʦհƽֻܰڳơ
ҪǳʦȥһͱƽĶɱ
ʦͣǻѧϣ
Ƿ׷׸հǻΪհֻʱڳƣ϶ᷢ
סհһ죬̶ܴڷ̡
ΪղԳлĵһ֣гսƽ
ǴһǰҪó֪˵Ĳ࣡
ڼҪ˿Цˣ
հһɺתףתΪɫͻȻһԪױһ˴հϼڽƽī̶ƿ
ǼհƽĶ¼䣬ŵ˲ס㣬˵ǽǡ
һŮ֮һ㶾䵽ֱֱۣۿɼٶȸʴȥ
ʹŮ߲ϲҺ
˼״ǺȻû뵽ƽĶ˾綾մһ㣬ֱ۶Ҫʴ
̶֪ǶĻŮֱ߲ۻٵڣŮߵ
³ѸٱȥưŮߵĸ첲ϣ
лллʦһСᣬŮߵɫȻ԰ֽ
Ѿѧ츳ôڣǵһμʩչҽȻôʱڽǴо档
ߺܿ콫עŻسϡ
ֻհͻƽī̶Χ֮ٶһµĸ߷塣
˼ʦзĻᣬ¶ϲɫ
ǾͲܹ˻ĵѧ񹦣
ʦ꣬ضǻѧߣֻҪеĻᣬƽͲ֮ǰռˡ
հҲ뱻ƽٴδī̶һµذѳ飬һ죡
ƽհʧԭأ˫΢Уһصһ붸Ȼǰհƴһǣ
ٴαī̶ɫ֮У˺
հɫ΢΢졣
λʦ˵ԼԽʦˮƽԭΪԡ
ӻľ
ӾΪԼԽʦ̫Ϊˡ
Թѧˮ׼ʦ˭Ҳ֪ʦ֮ʲô硣
հϳԽʦֻԼжϡ
ͨհƽĽ֣ΪհûйˮƽкܴĲࡣ
УƽѾٸհˣΪհеûӣ
ληġʦһȫ¸ֳһī̶Һת
һȭհʱɫһ֪һȭԲܴƽ壡
Ȼհһȭ㾡ȫҪȴǧѣ
ھƽǰһ֮հȭͷסˡ
ƽǰһī̶ҺѾմȾհȭͷ
հ˫һɣٺˣȫԪմȾҺȭͷϻ۶ȥ
ϧһжˣ
ƽĶҺ֮ǰֶҪ綾ʮ˲հƤհֱ۶ޱȣ
ʦ۵ȵӾг
հ־ŭסжֱۣҺɢ
ʱƽִһƬסհȫ
հһԪղڵĶҺﻹܵסŶ
λʦҽһȫƤʼʴá
һĻ仯̫죬ëȻ𾪲ѣ
û뵽հܵô죬ܵôң
ʱհѾڵأھ綾Űʮ޵Ԫһɵ
հʹߺ֮ɫԪʧɱܣ
ûԪжˣ
۵ȵӼʦī̶ȫǰȥס
ƽӰ񣬿Źǰͷҡͷ̫̾ˣǻĵһ֣ô
֮ԣհѪ
߹սĸ³˵׼ĵһѱΰƽܣ
ƽǸ³ĻǼ߲ѣȴ޷
ʦж÷ͻȻ뵽ղųһŮء
ιʦ÷øоϣˣȴûעԼ




945¡
 

ۺɵˣҲҽ׷ȥ
ʦʦͿ챻ˣ΢һ㣬˿òƤΪʦûĻǸհҲͻһ
ûжհһ˿֮ģ˵ʦΪˣҳô
һ仰Ǿһϣ֪Ӧ
ʦԼ֮ǰһֱƲ
հΣȴҪҽΡ
հóڣ
ֻհɫ֮죬ȴʲôҲ˵
綾Ϯʶģ֮ʣհ㱼뵽ȥʦ˵һ仰
ѳԣ桢桢档
հ͵һԵʱ̡
ƣȻܸƽΪԼȳǿǻĵһ֣Դµһͷȥ
ȳҲͱԳͷ
հԾҲ
˿̣綾ѾʼϮհ֪ٲھûˡ
ͷհսʤӣ
ʦϷһհתƼˡ
հҸղѾȰ˵㣬㲻Ҫƽ֡κ˵
հû߲ѲѣԲϷûĻѣֻϷ̫Ըúµһͷ
Ŷô˵㲻Ҫµһˣ䵭ʵ
۵˶üˡ
ǵʦͿɥȻƵʻ
հһɬҡͷҪˣʦ˵öԣµһֻϷһȴѧвһˣ
綾ģհܵĿ־壬һ涼ˡ
һ߰̾ѡ
ʦӴڣ
֪ˣαص
ҡҡͷ룬סհ
ϵʼհڵĶء
վǲһʦ׹֮֡
ֻհܻһΪȴǱסˣǷһ
˵ʲôµһ
лʦһհʮָмĶԳл
ҽ뻯һֱԹ۵ĸ³ľȲѣʦļֵհ߶ˣ
հѷϣʱƽΪǸعɸ
հǷȥ֮󣬳ȻⲽߵС
ƽиһ˿˷֮ɫڿˣ
ʦĶϧаҽ
ղųѾ۲ƽĶؿȴ׻⡣
˳λʦμɵ
ƽЦղʹõĶأֻļ֣ǻ˹Ļǿߣһһ㣬һֶ˰ޡµ
˵ƽиĶûʹãԾѡ
Ķؾ׷ϵհĶأʦҽͨܵס
ǿһҽٸߣҲսá
˶óհһ׶༪ˣ
뵽һսƽʦӴ˻ѧΪЦɫòҵ
հҲóܹʤ
ȻΪԼΪ֮ǰʵȳҪǿ
ľƽĶֻͨʦѵһսһʩչΪԼⶾ
붼ܡ
ʦƷҡ˰ޡĶɣƽЦ̬ŵһֱۣһֱƮ
Ǽ˷Բʮ֮ڡ
壬ɵĵЩ
ûⸯʴĻԪƽһ¶֮ɫ
Ҳܾ棬ûհƽĶп
ַԲʮ׵Ķ֮У治ɫ
ǻĵһ֣Ȥƽһˣ
ƽԾĶͬ˳һ㣬Ļ
йЮʮ־綾Ϣ
Ȼסȭͷ۳һŴɫ档
Щһ棬޷ʴ۽
óƽиŨŨɵ֮ɫ
ţƽ˫ָӰǰһӣ
һīɫ޶ڳǰţ
˰ޡ䶾ز˲ʴ壬ܶɻþ
ӵ͸ͫĳ˵˰ޡĻþһöûУ
׿һ䶾֮ƽһȭ˹ȥ
䣡
һҵı죬ˣйݡ
ǰһ䶾Զɢˡ
ƽʮףסŵ˫ۣһתϢĶҺմȾ˳档
ЩҺѸٵķۻ
ܣƽŵĽе
ûܻϵǿҺ
ƽһλ߶սǿޱȵҲ޷ƳĻ嶾Һ
ȴ쵽ˣ




946¡淢
 

֮£ƽæĶҺȥñ治ʴ
սһʱ䶼ˡ
ôʦƺܿƽĶƵġ
հŵĵɴ۾ѵʦҲù䴫УԵ
ľķǴһλȥĹϵõ
ɴհ֪˹Ĵڡ
Ϊѧ磬ֻһ֪˵еĹ磬˹Ĺ
ҲհΪµһԭ
ڳȭȼյ棬ȴհ𺳵Ըӡ
ڹУҲǶ⼶
հ𾪡Ľѡ
ͽʦõǿĹ䴫С
Լֻõһͽ׹Ϊ޵ˡ
ԭԼǾ֮ܣ
հԳһ˿ҲҿͳˣϣܹսʤƽûѧŹʡ
ƽԳɵ˼㣬ľ֮£תĶҺٶԽԽ죬˷·īɫˣöҺԼֵʵʵ
ͬʱƽҲɳΪʲôܻܺͬ˹ˣӵеѾﵽߵǿȣ
Ϊսʤ𣿡
ƽЦ
㲻֪һλߣҵƶأҪֻʶӣ
ǰѾճҵƶء
ôһ˶أʮ֮ڣɢ帯ã÷ǳǳң
ƽⷬԱɫ
û뵽ƽȻԽɱߡ
ʲôƶأ
ԭΪռϷ磬ֿʼΪ
ҲеƽȻɱߡ
ߵˮ׼϶Ǻܸߡ
ƽΪϸŭ֮ɫٴοڵھʶһ£ɰֺߡ˹Ыߡ޶̫߶ɵĳҺɣ
ÿһֻƽ˵ĶȻеĶ
̫ߣÿҧһͷųԶԽ110ˣһԾͿԶһˣ䶾Ա۾߻Ҫǿű
ƽһ䣬ͻȻüŤ
ܵĸŻ״ӿ³һִĶҺ
ͬհ㳯ų
Ȼƽ³ĶҺƽ˵ƶء
ȭе۵øŨˣӶֽȥ
һ̣۵ȭ֮ϣȻȭӭżĶҺȥ
ԴԴĶҺЮȭֱƿĴ䣡
ԤϣѾԶԶġ
ֶ֪Һմ³ʦ־Σͻ
𺳵ǣȻӭƽ³ĶҺҺˣ
ۼȭͷԽԽƽ¶֮̿ɫ
Сӻ
Ȼܹƶأ
ƽͷһѾʧȥĻᡣ
ȭϵ棬ƽϱ
䣡
ʲôƶأ嶾ҺɢΣ
ƽһȭ䵹ˣȥǳ˴Ŀġ
һ֮£ƽһϢвѪīɫĶҺ
Ȼƽʧȥս֡
ȭͷҪٴγȭ
ס֣³æУ㲻ɱƽ
ŶΪʲôĿתƵ³ϣޱʵ
³׳ŵвƽ׹ҪɱĻԻ⵽׹ٷı
ǺǣǲҲϵǵһλʦЦҡͷ
³ҧƽͷҪˣǾսԼֵߣ൱һF22սɱĻҪ׼ǿҵŭ𣡡
Ҫסǻģ׹
˵꣬ٴתһȭڵϵƽ䣡
䣡
䣡
䣡
һȭǰеƽ˵档
Բʮ׵ĵ棬ȫѿˡ
ƽͷѪģһȫϾ̺صҲʹ⡣
³ĿһĻһƬ
ͻȻһ߼Ľʦúã
ߵĿڣȫȸԾ
ԭΪѧҪһͿأû뵽սʤǿֲֿƽ
հǲ֮ɫ漴תΪη
Լվ̫͹ǰˡ
ֻ˵ʦǻѧĵһţ
հĵӣۡɺ÷õҲ𺧲ѡ
ǺͳͲ࣬ʵͳȴϵµĲ࣡
뵽֮ǰ˳ǿʼ㷲
˿ֻעڸ³ϡ
һսø³һȺߣľ
ЩߣΪܱǿţȴǹҵǿ߱
⻹ôȥ




947¡عɵ³
 

³û촽΢΢˵㡢㲻ܶҳ֣
ҵȻᣬ³Ͱɭһ
һ䣬߽װĵʿ
лά־ֵĳԱˡ
ųܹʤˡ
ƽɱлϲɫΪ׹ʧһλǿսʿ
հϣл󵹲ˣΪһ˵ļֵ붥ʮʦ
³ǰɭİףҲһ˰ɣлĿ³
֮ǰ֮ûд³ֻø³ƽ뾳
ƽ³ҲûκμֵΪԼ鸶ˡ
³ԭθɭû뵽лֱӳץ֪Լ˵ʲôûˡ
лϰ尢ɭץη
ֻ־ܣȴ׹ٷ潻档
лͳкֱӽ³ƽʬߡ
³Ҳսսȥˣֻ밲ȫ뿪ģκα
ȸ³ߺڵһٴζԳĴ
հһڵǰ£ٴΰл
ֻЩ˰ڰ֣߳ݡ
ǵĴ
ɱƽ󣬳һɣ˿ֻȥǣλŮ
ϼʡֹ˾ܲð칫ңᰡƳκ۶
λŮƽϲòѡ
սʤƽٷ÷Ʋøع˵˰ɣ᰹ĵʵ
ͳ븣عභ˵ŷǳѹ
ЦЦǵģ۰ɭ³־һӲˣ׹ٷҲûãлѾ˵ˣԻϸջɷǽƲã
ǾͺáĵһŴʯͷ
ɭΣعʡȻҲɢˡ
·ϻӵҽѵĵ绰
ڵ绰Ǳ˵ʡҩѾԼȥǣƹʮһҩ
⻹֪ʡҽҩоԺҲˡ
ѻҽԺ
óԼͷhԼҪ·ȥǿh
߻һЩβûд꣬˳ͻǰȥǡ
ǵԸǳϲʾһ죬һҪ֪ͨʱѴ쾩ҽݻ
Ҳ뵽ʱʶһ´˵еľҽԺ˱Ӧˡ
뵽¼Ȱߵ鴦ãϾȥh϶Ҫʮϡ
λŮص԰
Ƴθһʢͣӳĸ
󣬳һκ֢
֮ǰѵСʩչ˻ǣȻ޸ȴں⡣
ᰵĺֻ֢ÿһΡ
ᰶ֮󣬷ûʲô쳣ҲͲôģҪ۲֢״
꺮֢ɳϵĳλŮ˵Լȥǣѹ۲᰺֢񽻸ҽѧ߲ƳΡ
˵ҪȥǣҿҪϣλŮЩ졣
ȥǿֲӱ䣬ȥĳˡǷhԲԣƳе㸴ӵʵ
ûǰҺͷhԼˡɫƽ͵˵Ҳ顣
ÿŮ˶ϣԼжһ޶Ƴеġ
ϻǹе˵ҪŶ
ƳͽԼ޷ռʵۺͳһˣֹȥh
Ҳûж˵ʲôȻҲڳƶʵŮˣҳΪϼŸôֻ࣬иж
һᾡġĿŮӹȥ֮ǰҪȻһ캣УʡʲôĻǾʹ绰ҡ
ҲһʲôҪͺ˵ᰲڱ̫ҵĸ飬ƽĻȴһ
˵ͷᰵദЩƽˮζȴû˹ϵԶԽԽȻϰˡ
˸˯º󣬳ͰҹƳκֱۣһ
۵һչϸװķ飬ǰһƳġ
ƳνȻǳɬǴӦȤ·
սһҹ֮󣬵ڶһ磬ͻص캣һű١
˫̥ŮѾһѧڣ˳ǰǰǴ
ټ˻Ȼܸˣﶼľķų
µһ죬ٸ𣬼ǰǵʱ򣬽ӵһ绰
ʦãǲ̹ܽ㡣
ƽ͵ֻﴫʱĸо档
ôλеʦ绰




948¡
 

ֲ̹ܽ磬óǳ⡣
ܿ뵽һֲ֮ӱ䡣
λӴдʱ绰غֲӱйء
ʦã֪绰ңʲô飿óŶ𾴣ҲĻظ
΢Цٹ죬ֲӾͻǣ־̹ܽ˵ʦҲǹۿӱ䣬֪Ƿǰ
ûиһȥҾɻȥǡ˵ţԼ¶ˡ
΢΢죺ԭʦǣϧĳҪ£ȥӭ㣬бǸ
ԭǴӷϴģ˲Ŵ绰ʳǲһͬϾ
λеʦ½졢հǰĸǿʤǶԳǳ͡
ʯ½졢ƶʡհϢ㶼յˡ
½졢ΪĵһֵʱĻЩġ
ֻ֮ܵ൱Ǳʮصհ㲻òˡ
ҳɱλǿĶߣ˹ƽ
Լλ߽֣ʤҲǲʤɡ
֮жϣΪ㿴ʰϣϴǸӶƵ
ۿų˸ɵ˹
ԼǾ԰첻ġ
㲢ʵѹܸˣУǳͳύ
ˣڲλȨصݣȴԸѾжְ̹ܽ١ֻƽĳӷϴ
˵ĸӾˡ
û뵽λӴУȻôԼ̬ŵ÷ǳ͡
ԭΪղʵȨʦض߸ϣޱ԰
һ绰ı˳뷨
ʦ̫ˣǰȥǣΪ˼һλѣ鷳Ϊҽӷϴˡǫ͵˵
ĻҲλŹĿ࿴
Ϊ˵λʦĸڳԡ
̬ȣȴûһưĸо
㵱º͵ЦʦƶʡˣԾǲǺϤǼ˵ĻĳСŮȥӻ֪ʦΣ
ͲˣϢȻһϾǣӦòʲô鷳Ļؾˡ
ûģǳҶԳʦѾã밲СŮҼһͳʦύһʦɷһӣ
˵óʮ㣬ǲܾ̾ˡ
Ѿͷh΢ϵhĹŵúϻҪӦ͹˾Ҫȥμһʲô߼ᡣ
Ӿ͵ǣϻкܾʱ䡣
ʱڶ޷ͷh棬˳ȥҲá
ʦȻʢپܾͲ˼ˣǾ鷳һ°ɡ
Ӧǳˡ
ʦȰСŮĵ绰㣬СŮл˾ǻܿҵ
仰ó档
ƺλӴУԼŮǳţѵ컶òǳڣڻһ۾ϳ
컶ĺ󣬳ͨ
Ϸɻʱ򣬾ǽֲӻһڴ֮ɫ
λ̹ٿ̹ܽٵı飬ǳ档
ƽʱǺࡢһ˿ġ
ѵÿЦı顣
̹ܽ٣λʦȥ𣿡һλ̹ٴŵʵ
΢ЦûʦѾӦˣԽһ뿪һˡ
ʦѵô˴βӱ䣬ǲвľ߰ǽ̹ٺ̹ܽپȻ͡
ֲӴ֮ǰ󲿶ӵ̹ܽ٣ӪһԵա
ÿǰĲӣλ̹ܽպΪƣԼҲӵֱʿ
ѾΪÿαԼ׳ɵĹء
Ĵ쵼Ҳڿֲľ
γһõֱǲǿԼʵ
̹ܽپȻͣüλ̹е㲻ˡ
ЦЦӲӵĽǶǲͳʦ̵룬Ǿ֣ĽǶʦ书ͨһѧ粻ţͬΪʦ˽Ҳͳʦд轻һ
λ̹ŻȻ
ԭ̹ܽͳʦдѧأ
ҲųΪѧһ˵Ϣ
Ϣ֮Ҳǲġ
Щ̹ٶʶ书ǿ󣬶ûи̹ܽٽ֣ôµһ




949¡ﾩ
 

ӾˣΪ˭Ҫȹ֪ߵͣŻķڷ
˲Ľ̹ǣڴ˴̹ܽٺͳдĽ
̹ܽ٣ʦԲĶ֣ȥ̫ͣˣһλ̹ٳû
΢΢˵Сͱƨˣʦȥճλʦϵĸ֣սҶ֮ȣǿɱ̫С˳ʦ
ǣλ̹ΨΨŵŵӦ
ȴţ̹ܽǲ̫߿ʦˣ
Ͼʦôᣬôսḻ֡
Ҳ˹Ƶʱʱ𺳣ºսƵֳô̬
Ƶ˹ûչֳǳֻ֣߳ǷͷŵܣƷ籩Ա
Ҳ˵ֻǶ˹ıͲսʤˡ
Ľս̣λ̹Ϊǵ̹ܽҲ԰õ
һ˹ԽҰк̹Ҳ㽫һٽľʯʮ׵ĿУȻһȭʯ
ʱĳ𺳳̶ȣһҲȳ˹սƵ
ֵЩ̹ٵɫ֪ǻǲ
ҲͣղǸճĽ̹٣Свһʱǲӱ䣬òԱǣٸϰһϴսƵоӶʱսʽ
ǣ̹ܽ١СΪεĴ򿪵ԣ׼¼ʰ
ʵǸսƵѾоٱˣǸʲô
ֱɱӶĻ棬̹Ǿǽֱ̳Ҳ԰õǺܸѶȵ顣
СϹʰ󣬾ȵѿڽе̹ܽ٣ǸƵˣ
Ŷô£Ҳ졣
ʰһƵôͻȻ
СаϵǸƵֶһ飬ûС
ӦǱվɾˡС㱨
ֻվٷȨɾƵ
ߣ˲뿴ǻǿ̫ͷܿ²ʰɾƵԭ
µȷʵû
Ⱥɱλߣĵ硣
ʰȻվϾˡ
һ˵վƵеһȷʵ̫ѿˣ
˹ʰĻbossɾƵ
ҹʰƵ޷أ¼ƵĻᱻʰƵûд
ֻбݡ
ȻƵɾҲͲ˵ʲôԸ̹һ䣬òֱӽѵսӱ䣬Ȼ߳칫¥Ů컶ĵ绰
ȥͣ˺ͳύд֮⣬ʵһ˼
λӴУŮ
ΪˣһֱһλͬΪֵŮ
ֻǻѧ磬书ɵߣëǡ
ʮܴﵽѾǳѵãʮͻƵļڡ
ȻѧŻеģհĴۣʮ뵤
۵ƷջǶλհĵӿۡ
֮ճŨȤ
ܰѰŮ޸һλʮʦһʦҲʹ޺ˡ
ȻƷҲĿΧ֮ڣܵΪʦͰŮ޹ȥ
ѯ˶λѧѣ˵ȻӢţǿһһλ뾭ѵˡ
е㲻ˡ
ɲŮ޸󣬻Ҹ
պͳͨ绰ԳĿ࿴һӡֹ°֮ˡ
ʱͣԿһ
ƷûĻʹŮͳһˡ
ܲܳɹǷǳаյġ
ΪŮòڣвŻǻѧĸ߲ӵаߵңϳ
ֻ벻ŮѵģҲҴǷh
ڷɻϵĳҲ벻ͣȻŮ޸
Сʱ󣬳ﾩǻ
˷ɻ벦컶ĵ绰ͿĺһλĿʱŮе㲻ͷվֻ
ʱŮȻȲᰡhǵļ𣬵Ҳһˮƽˡ
һʡ
վԵĿ⡣
΢΢һЦ˵Ժܿҵ컶ѵʱŮǣ
΢󣬳ߵʱŮ治Զĵطʼ컶ĵ绰
֮ͨ󣬶ǸʱŮĵ绰Ҳ
ι컶ҵˣһ˵һ߶ŶʱŮ͡
ҪȷʱŮӵǲĵ绰
Ҿںţλôڡ




950¡һ
 

绰컶׼ԼλãȴϵñλˣҾվ档
ѾȷţʱŮŮ컶
ĻλʱŮ΢΢һȻе㲻ŵ˹
òͨҲص㣬ŮԼеȫһ
Ȼ컶ҽ̺ܺãǻѧ߲ûеһ۾¶֮ɫ۵׵ʧȴҲβס
Ұ˵λʦ컶žµĸ߸Ь߹䲻ȡ
ûҾǡ
á컶òԵʺһ£Ȼǲ˵һΪʦʷǷҰʱһر˧û뵽ôӵ
컶ڴϾֿǰѳȥˡ
컶ΪС˵УַεӢ֡
μ棬ȴʧ
ԼҴС㣬ӻǲֵ
ó컶е˼Ҳû˵ʲôƽĿڣȥʦɡ
컶ͷͳ߳
λС㿪һʱݣ֮컶ҷȥ
·ϣ컶ƺ˼ʲô̽ԵĿڣҰ˵֮ǰͨ绰ˡ
ûôˣе㲻ʵ
컶λСʦȥͣȴװΪڸʲɣ
֮ǰ͸컶Ҫ˵ú޸ǶĸƵġ
컶ͺַ⽨Ű飬϶Գһӡܲãڲ
ҧҧݣ컶΢΢תͷԳ˵Ұֵ˼Ѿ֪ǶǳˣǸɴһ̬ȣʵʵ˵ѾС
ѾŮˣ컶֪ͣҪ˵ʲô
˵˳
컶˫΢΢ɴ
û뵽ᷴһ
ܾ飬ΪŮӣȿȨ
ھȻȱ̬ȣÿƵģ
컶ʱӱˡ
λųƱֻĳʦ˵ôô
治ųѣܾһ
ȻҲпǷУע⡣
Ƶ컶׷Լ֮Увù
컶СұĳȽԱЩ󰮵ݡ
Ըǿˣϲٸϣ
Բźͳһμ棬Ϳżɽ
һ컶ƽһľȻ˵ѣλѷǳ㣬һλһĵĴǣZԣ϶˵
ᵽԼѣ컶︡һƽɫ
һҲΪԼѱνʦ
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ȻҲΪ컶Գһӡܲѻ˧ˡ
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Ϊ㳣ѧʱ컶ദ컶Сʱõĸǳ٣Ů
컶ֶкܴƫ
Ҿ֣һŰִ󣬵컶ߵӡܲá
ڼ˵ʦҲһλˣ컶ѧֵһڴʧˡ
컶ѣZԣ΢һ룬ⲻȦС
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ʵ밮еŮäĿģ̺ܸߵĻ߲Ҳ⡣
Z翴ûʵ컶ȴŵ㡣
컶ZԵЩȫĨǼ̫㡣
ûӦ컶Ϊסˡ
Ͼʱ书ٺãΪ˴²Уⶼڣǻûʲôá
ȦĴǾͲͬˣӸԶǧ
Զѧʦ
컶Ϊ߳ѧ磬ûʲôʶ
Щѣͨͨʶ
ҲǺģһȫȤˣȻʶǸĴ
˵֣ȴ֪˳ô
ܶŮӶ˵NBAĿƱȣѿƱȵƬǰЩŮܿܶϲ
ⲢǺܿŵ飬ڵʱʳ׷ر࣬˽١
˵ѧһͺܹĶ컶ԼǸȤȥ˽⡣
лĻҸһҵѣһ˿ɼŶ컶Ժ˵




951¡
 

컶ǵѸʶ
Ҫó֮󣬶ġ
ϾZۼò컶Ϊûһܱȵù
컶ô˵΢΢һЦʵҵŮҲǴǡ
ŮҲǴǣ컶ŵɫܿ췴Ӧ
Сʦǲأ
Ůλǰ˵˵Ҳʶ
컶ɫʵ
˸ѣ컶ҲʶһЩȦˡ
˵ھһƬ΢Ůǣ컶ǵ΢š
ҵŮѾŮǷh˴ǣҾҷhġһˣ̺ŵ˼֮⡣
ʲôŮǷhܰɣ컶ʱˡ
ΪһŮѣ˭ãȻൽŮǷhȥ
֪hУ˲Ů֮⣬崿Ůûдκš
컶Żóѻ̫ˣ
ֻһߵСǣ컶š
hǱѻҪĴŶ˾ǣǧ𵽴˵ѣ书ٸߣҲΣյġ컶⡱ѵ
ȤʵΪʲôΣգ
Ϊ׷hľǹӸ̫ˣҲ֪ʲôطĶȨƱطҪö࣬ЩҰֶﲻ𣡡컶ӵ˵ԳǷhѣЩӸʲô¶ɵó
ŶҵǺڴܶôһҲΪ⡣
컶ðҡͷóʵ̫Դˣ
Ϊ书һˮƽͿԺ޼ɡ
Ǿǣӽ£صأ
·ǮĹӸ磬ܿȨ
ʦ书ٸߣվһЩӸ磬һܵģ
컶Ѿ˵жƶֲ̹ܽ٣ûκιٷݡ
ЩӸ磬ȨƾԻᱻѹ
ҲˣϾȥ԰֮ˡ
ھǳԳԿͷҲá
˳ĬֱĿĵء
ļҵˡ
һáɫĺԺ
ھǣҲֲֻӴвӵĺԺһֻС͵֡
ǻݸߵĴﶼסĺԺ˵ÿĺԺԻĵط
߽ȥʱи־֮ɫǵһۼĺԺ
컶۲һ³ɫȻϣû档
Ǹ㲻ΪʲôҪ
ۼǼʶȫƥ䡣
뵽ǳϲZԣ컶ҧҧ͸һС
Ϊӭӳǰؼң˿̾վſڡ
һλӴЦӭʦ
ʦãлҡ΢ЦӦ
ӻֻСһ׮ʦԸҼͣС԰ЦǺǵİѳ
컶ʹɫе㲻ԸĿʼ裬ݲַǴҹ㡣
ǰųʦʤ׹ƽʦհĳ֮̾㿪ڵ
ǫһ䣺ʦˡ
ʦǫڻѧ磬ΪµһҿͷԵ𣡡ʵҲͳһںЩ
һѹͷΪʦ֣Ȼе㲻˺ͳд˼
컶͸Ӳˡ
Щڲӻѵֱٳ֣˵ͷȴǳ͵
˲óͷ
Ҫµһ컶Ϊʸ
֣ҿ̫ǫˣȻҲߣ֮ǰЩѣµһأҳǲŸսʦ𣿡컶ζ˵
Ůһۣ΢΢ʦ棬񣡡
컶⼸ٱɣʱί˾졣
ʦʵʲôµһǻɽԻҿɲԳµһﰵָ˵ľǹ硣
һ֣ʦġ
׽̸ʲôµһʵЩЦˡ
ûʦ˵öԼˣǻĸ˱ĳһֱΪбʦǿĴڡ㲢֪磬Ը书޵С
漴㻰һתﺬڴ˵ʦˮƽͣͶܼ꣬λʦ֣ѧµͻƣĳֽѧ֪ʦܷдһ£
ü΢΢һ㻹̽̽ʵ
ȻԣҲһ³ʦľѧԥĴӦ




952¡д
 

컶һС΢ţʮ
ôѧ˶Ҫ
Ȼ컶֪׶ѷ֣ĸͣд衣
ҲӦӦ
Ͼô˵Ҳѧ̩ɽǲӴУ۱ȳ
뵽컶ĶԳĿӲˡ
ȻСʦӦҲգø¶һ֣ó֪ʲôˡ
д֮컶óԼİˣ
֣ŶŮһֱµһأ컶߬߬ȭʾײҪ顣
ҡҡͷһЦֻǺͳʦ΢дһ£ľҲΪʲôµһ
컶ֻð࣬ǵĸ֣ĸ϶ȫ
һǾʹܱѧͷʦ㣬ȥض䶯
컶ΪǫͣʵǺսóͷ֮ˡ
Ҳ˵ǧȥʯμʦ֮ս֮󻹺ʦհ֡
ڻҴӦ׵д裬һеһУ컶ԽԽѳ֮ˡ
֪ʦҪд裿˼Ҫе档
ЦЦһʢɲ豭˵ǻĹС˵ˮһûκζʽͱֵļƣ֪ʦǷͬ
ҷǳͬ⣬ϰ֮ˣӦþһһʽӦͬˮ豭ͳ˲豭״ͳ˲״
Ȼߣѧˡ
򣬲ѧ;ͬġ
˫Ŀһ̾һʦһʦҶʮʱ򣬸ﲻһ˼뾳硣
˵֮㻹صؿŮһۣڸжôѵá
Ȼ컶ȴʲôҲûУΪѧһϲͨóĻﲢûʲô˲ġ
ʦҺдݣǶ豭ˮƿؾ̶ȡ
תسߣɫ
ǧߣͻ޼һͻţձеУʦҲˮһܺˮںһ뿴
˵ţס豭ָһ𣬲豭ڳһǳԲƣŲ豭ֳ롣
ѵõǣ豭еĲˮȻû
Ȼγεϣסˮ硣
֣컶̲ס֣ǵһμչֶΡ
ϲûκε֮ɫΪʦ԰쵽顣
ʦ롣
ʾҲ
ԣΪĿƺͦ򵥵ġ
ǳҲԼĲ豭ϳ룬òˮȫ硣
쵽Լһ飬컶֮࣬ڲôСˡ
ٷ֡㽫豭ڲϣָٴһ𣬽豭ָԷֳ룬һǵȷ֣·ͬģӿ̳һ㡣
ȻĲǽ豭ϳĵȷ֣ǲ豭еˮʧȥΧסһûһΡ
ͷǳʦˮƽˡ
ڸһĨЦ⣬Լַ˵ǳ
֪λʦǷܹ쵽أ
Ŀ£Ҳܿ콫豭ĵȷ֣һβˮ
ʦù򣡡̲סһ䡣
һ˶꣬д˻
һʩչ¯ˡ
Ҫ֪ʦȻܹţܹ֮ѶǼߵģ˵סˮ硣
ֻǷֳĲ豭ʦҲõһַ
ֳİ֮ΪֻԼͳõˡ
ȻȴϡƽʵʦʻҪٷ𣿡
ʱһ£ٷȥˮضʦҲסˮ
ǰԹöΣһⶼʧˡ
ƺûٷȥѶжߡ
֣ٸȥѵ컶÷ǳɣҲΪûʲôѶȡ
ȴĿЦǿӵ
ٷȥҪڳʦǰˣ
컶仰ȴˣֻǿһЦǾٷһΰɡ
һʮ־񣬽۵ָ⣬ĸֱָİ豭
һ΢Ĵ죬İ豭ֳɰ˰꣬αϵƾûôԲˣ
˰豭еĲˮҲʼ
ɫʮ࣬컶ŻûʲôóԳˡ
Ȼ֮󣬰˰豭еĲˮ˳
ƿصļޡ
Ѿѵˣ㻹ǵһ겻
¶һ˿ЦݣȻ




953¡Ů
 

컶ˮΪòá
ı飬컶֪ܹ豭еĲˮ϶ǳˡ
ҲȥܸҪ˰ɣ
ɫݣк޲ֻƽָԼİ豭һ£ûκεĻɣҲ˾ĺۼ
İ豭˲䱻ɰ˰꣬ȫûƫİ˵ȷ֣Ұ˰豭ĲˮԾûһ
ʱһ𾪣ԼĲ豭ǿˣʣ豭ĲˮȫҲȻ
컶һɴ۾û뵽Ȼɣ飡
ѵλСʦıҪǿ
ʦ似˴д裬ĳˣʰ·硣󷽷ĳԼ
ǺǣֻһССд裬ʦʵˮƽʦǫ顣ƽ͵˵
컶صó˵еˡ
ȷʵŪɵд裬ֳж
֪ǫĸףչӣ컶
Ȼд裬ȴܿģΪֳǫ֮⣬Щѧǰ˵Ը
ܽƵ˾ĵزҪһųξͨ͸֮ġ
ӵľߣԲʲô֮
ĵѾǳϿɳˡ
ʦ֪Ҽҵ·ϣСŮദô㻰һתĵԼŮϡ
ΪʦͬʱҲǾˣ˵ֱֱûʲôơ
һ¾㻰ζ
컶Ҳ֪Ҫʼͳһˡ
ʱ컶д˲֡
֪ʸţڶĻλ߲׵Ŀһ¡
컶û˶ˣͲóжء
˳Ļ㲻ײü
컶ȥӻ֮ǰͽŮ·Ͼ͸һ㣬ҽһ
컶Ͷѧ֪˵ŮûĻ
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컶ʮίϰʲôӰд籾ǣˡ
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ǺһЦڲæˣ˼ˣⲿӰڻӳɣʦȥ
֣Ҳźͳʶһ죡컶㷭ˡ
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ͳʦˣǶˣ϶кܶ๲ͬ⡣
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ʦǲӱ䣬סҼûúд㡣
лʦ⣬ҽҪһλѣͲ鷳ˡл
еźͬʱҲʲôҪѣóʦǰǿ
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ҲǸZ𣿡ʱüͷ˵ٱˣȦһ̲ˮ̤ȥǲֵĻ
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㣡ʱɫֻ࣬ǵų治÷
컶ܼ˵֣ҹҪ㣬֪ҪҺͳͬһ𣿶óܺãҪZԱȣ͸һεģҲ˵ֱ̫
λСǻȥˣǰĳӲһЩ׷߾ݣͨͨȻܾԲԸоһ档
ҡͷֶԳЦСŮ˵ʦҪȥ
ûϵûжԣΪͻ뿪컶йཻ
ɲװʧȥôһλδŮǺЦʦ֪㻹ûдѧҵСŮǴѧСŮ仪У԰ɣ

Ҫܾȴ컶ͻȻ˵֣ҪҴȥˣ
ͳһ
ô컶ͻȻתˣ
ô˵ԸֵĻǸZ𣿡гο
컶Ǹ˼ҽǻͭZȥᣬֻ˳ϳϣԸͳѣȥᣬһԸ顣




954¡컶
 

컶ȻͻȻ֮תˡ
ȥμᣬһѣóʶZԵĲൽж
컶Ҫμӵһ߼ᣬʱྩǵĶӸͰ׸֡
Щǵһûһǳܹȵϵġ
컶ųȥᣬͻ֪Լ书ٸҲʲôˡ
ô˵ģʱֳָŭǿƵ˵ȻʦȥᣬӦõ飬ZȦĻ٣̺Ͻ
֣֮һ仰ҿ԰ѳѣҲͭZԷֿģҪҪҴȥᣬ˵ɣҴɾҪˣ컶ɴֱӵ˵
ɫ࣬˵ˡ
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˿϶кýģ
뵽ZԵƷУŮܿͿҲٱ컶ZԷ֡
컶Ըȥᣬô˵һϵĻᡣ
ջסŭָƽ͵̬˵ʦȥμɣǵò׼ٶԳʦ񡣡
Уߵ˼ٰ죬ʱҺͭZԻȥ컶˵ţиڴ֮ɫ
ᣬʵѾ͹˾ٰġ
ZǱһ޶ǡ
컶ʱZԹ裬ȻȻΪ۵Ůǡ
컶ֻ΢һ룬ͷ·ͯһ㡣
õҲһˡ
ҲСˡ
ȿȡʱͻȻɿʦ˼Ҳȥμᡣ
һһΡ
Ů˵ȴʳԸԸȥμᡣ
컶ôӣһھܾһɫʱе㲻ÿˡ
ʦϲֻ𣿡֪ˣȤͨ˲һ
ȻشԼ컶ཻ̫÷h֪һǣͺһŮȥμᣬСӿ϶᲻ġ
ʦֻеƣϢһ£ȥλѡ
˼һ¾ˡ
ʦôۣ
϶ǳŮһ
ȻҲǿֻŮղ˵̫²ӡ
ʦıĻʱԺͻϵ㻹ǲġ
㿴Ϊʦδʵǲ
ļƻŮ޸֮󣬾Ϳ԰ѳнﵣҪְȿһʦ룬ҲóΪЧ˷Լѧ츳
ÿɷǡ
컶͸׽͵ſڣλСվԼղŵĻеˣĹⲻȥ̲סڵ㽻Ŷ㿼һ£ҪһμĻʹҡ
һЦ뿪ҵĺԺ
˳õľƵ귿󣬳óֻhĺ룬׼ʷhʲôʱпա
֮ͨȴһŮ˵֪ǼhСˣȰñ棬򱻹жĵhСͻһǧɣ
ϤԺһ¸ֳhλŮˣޱݡ
ޱͷhϵܣȻhûսֻޱˡ
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ޱ仰óʮ־죬ĸеš
ѵh׼λһ
Ǿܵ飡
һ·²⡣
ǳŷhĸ顣
hӦμλǵᣬܿǾ͹˾Ҫ֮ǰh΢Ϻͳ˵ˡ
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˼ȰòҪʲôɵ£λǵıּܹǵģΪֲͿԴİһٸ㶼򲻹
ޱ˵ţ̾˿ڷhСķϣҲźЩʶĻ;뿪ǰɡ
˵ʲôޱѾҶ˵绰




955¡ǰ
 

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ϵ컶ģ鷳ĽǸҪ컶һ绰
ȥ˼h˳㿴λԷhĴǣʲôˡ
ٽʱ򣬳˵㶫Ȼ󲦴컶ĵ绰
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컶ʵϲ㽻ѵŮӣȻ֮ǰԳûкøУܶʦѣҲһʱ
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ãҿ
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ϳֻ컶һˣ΢΢ʵZأ˵Ҫһȥ𣿡
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컶ȴˣʹȥ᣿û׼𣿡
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Ҳ˭ʲôϵûͲ׼
Z˵ţֲмĶסʲô˶μģʶĻ̹ȥҾͽаˣ




956¡
 

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ƽʱô谮ȴ˵ĻҲ컶ܲ⡣
Z컶Ľͣ΢΢üͷѣȥˣǰɣⲻݺƷλ
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컶˵ͳύóȥͣZԲԡ
ZΪҪһ£е컶Ҫô컶͵Ǹġ
컶ǰ׵飬Zİˡ
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Щ˲컶ѣǶ컶˽ġ
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ѳᡢܸZʶ׵顣
Ѻô컶ʱеС
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ƫƫʱڳһӣ컶޿κΡ
ԼĺμᣬӦøӣ֤ԼʦŶԡ
ͷ޷ˡ
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仰һڣ컶Χ˶ɫˡ
ZԸǷǳѿʵô֪h
ҵȻ֪һƵı顣
Z׷ʣȴ컶˵Zԣԭ֪hôûиң
ΪҺͷhľ͹˾ҪܡZĲĽ͵һhϯϢ
컶ͬʱ뵽ZԺͷhľ͹˾ܿҵ
컶֪ø࣬ܿ뵽ZԵľ͹˾׼һӰZԵǡ
ѵhμᣬ÷hΪӰ
Ľͻǲ
hҲûҪ÷hμᡣ
Ҿ͹˾ҪZԣҪжĵŮһĻ档
컶ԽԽǺ棬ĺֻèצƵġ
Ҳ֪hǰμԭ
컶һѣZѾߵ룬ùһͲ
ֻZĻͲص˵Ŀȥ
λѣҪһҪϢŮַhҪμǵᣡ
ZԻһ䣬ȫȻ
ĹӸ硢׸ǣȻ˵hĴ
ҷhھǷչ˻hˣݳᡢǩۻᡢȵȳ
Щ˻Ƿhķ˿
ЩǮƵĹӸǣĽhѾãѷhݵ֡
ֻǷhľ͹˾ھǱҲСҾ͹˾ϣhκţҺͬ涨h׼̸
ЩӸֹֻ
Z˵hμᣬǻǷǳڴͼģ
ϾǷǳõĻᣬܽӴhݳᡢǩֻԶԶĿţ뿪
һλٺʵ٣ôƣѷhˣ
ǰ˵˵ô뵽£˵hμκ˽˾ۻġһӸҲſڵ
ZԵصһЦȦҵܣǿԼ²¿
УȦʲôҵܣҿ϶ٴͷh˰ɣ
˵ĸ٣ʵµð˾Ųʮˡ
ZԻŹӣûиȷеĻش
hаСʱŵʽʼҾɣZ˵꣬˷ݸԱĴ߿




957¡
 

һԶԿŮʼ͸Ե鲽ŵĹʱ׼衣
컶Z߻ΪҪԼһ֧衣
ZɫڴȴʲôҲû˵
һʱ컶ܲˡ
ΪZԻΪŮǡ
Z⸱̬ô£
ȻԼŮ裬ñ˿˻Ϊ˵Ĺϵʲô⡣
컶еûӣƲʵZԣԼý𣿡
˼ģ͹˾ôZĵĽһ䡣
컶ü͹˾ֻĵҶǹڳһ֧裬ʲôӰ죿ǲǲ裿
̫࣬Ǿ͹˾Ҫ󣬽Ҳҹ˾ġ
Z仰ó΢΢һݡ
֮ǰޱڵ绰и߳һλܴǣԷh⣬λǵľ͹˾صᣬhμӡ
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³ףΪʲôZԺ컶¹ϵZȴ컶̬е䵭ˡ
һ￴˷h˦ҴС㣡
컶ݣZԾȻ˦óΪ⡣
ҲǣҲóZԷǳ
ZԺܿû»ˡ
ȻֻǳԼĲ²⣬˵Zֻǵͷhҵ
УʱʱƮһЩ桢ŹֵĿ⣬컶ܲˡ
Щǣ֪ZԹ衣
Zȴû
Ϊһλ߸ϵĴС㣬ǳŮŮ컶̬ܵȣ
ZԣǾ͹˾ҪҪ˵컶ҧ촽̲סˡ
ȻZƺҲͷˣ㲻һֱҵΪ𣿽Ĳܺ裬ҪŪһɣ
˵ʲô컶һţζ벻ѻ˵ֻ
ZԷܰһ֧ûʲôҶ⡣
ҽ⣡컶ˣŭ𳹵ױ
ǰZԶǰģھȻͱ裬˵⣡
컶оԼĿڱһƵġ
Ļ˲Ŀ⿴˶óڳܡ
ʵZԳϴ󣬸컶Ǹ컶ǻԭġ
Zȴһ㰲ο˼ûУֱ׳˵һ˿һ˵ѣҶ⣬㻹ʲô
㣡컶ߵò֪˵ʲôˡ
ΪZԵ·ΪͳͨѹϵƵġ
ZԼ˵Ҿʵʵ˵˰ɣһh裬Եʱ㲻Ҫ⣬ΪǾ͹˾Ҫ󣡡
Ҳţ컶֪hľ͹˾÷hκܽӴôܻ÷hZأ
Zԣǲǿ˷h˦ң
컶ˣZʱסˡ
Ϊȷʵ컶˵͸˼
ȻZǲֳģ̫ˣҺͷhҵֻΪµӰƶѡ
ڻģµӰӳ֮ǰøַʽһȶȳԵӰȤҲͶˡ
ȻZԵĻ˵컶׼ʡ
ʱһֱĬĳˣҲţҲ÷hġ
󣬵ȫˡ
˲һȻ˹
Сӷ˰ɣȻ˵Ļ
ٵıһָͷ
ZԷ·ʲôЦЦʲô÷h裿
Բ˵Ļhˣ֪ˡȦ競˵ϻ
ZԱЦѰԼӰô󣬱˵ţƣһӣģҸıˣ
Ϊ˲óŽhĳZԾѳϳȥ
СӸҶȥZһ£ܽĸԲĺװ
˶һмĿų
Ǿ;˿Ǻܶݡ
ZҪѳϳȥС֪ﲻôĵط
컶ֵزȴûпֹZԡ
Ϊ֮ǰѹó˵Լͷhйϵ
ȴô˵˵˳ZԣЩǮƵĹӸ硣
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ĸ߽컶¶һ˿ڴ֮ɫ




958¡h
 

ΪҪĸȥʱͻȻ֮䣬ĸ͸첲ϵƣ·𴥵һ㣬Լڵء
ô£Zһ¾סˡ
Ҳһֻĸͱ𵹡
ѧְ
һЩӸͰ׸¶˼ɫ
ͨûȥȻ׾ĸ̫Ǹеˣ
Zԣ˵˳书Ұһܸ˰ɣȻ컶Գ̫ãȴо˿̳Ϊһ
뵽Լ֮ǰͳѶ㣬Zȴ⸱̬ȣ컶Ǹоûӡ
ߣּҲ֪٣ôܺһʦ
ZȻڳ֣ϾǾųߣֵڡ
ZԿĸʲô
Сӣˣ˭Ҳ㣡һ绰Σ
ZԲ׷Źˡ
ٱôྩүС㿴ţһɫĻӻ飿
Ŷ㵹Ǵ򰡡ϾվţһҲޡ
컶öˣû뵽ʱ򣬳ôΪԼ书߾ͿΪΪ
ĻZиֻ棬ŭ𱻳׵ȼˣ
УмλZԽõĴ٣߹ZԳų
٣Сô㣬ǿǾǶȦӰ
ûȻСƣٽٰﳡӣ
ҺٵĹϵһĵ˿һⶼûУ
ȨүZԳų컶ɫһ
ЩӸ֮ǰͳ˵ھǮƵĴڡ
Ǽ컶棬һס
ʱ컶ǳԼԼʧӣڳҪ¡
Zԣϣͳƽˡ컶Ϊ߹С㣬У߰ɣҲô
Ҳߣ˵Ҫȷh
ĻһЦ
һ书ĵ˿У˵úʹǷhϵƵģ
ЩӸͰ׸Ƿ׷¶Ϸ֮ɫ
˾ǿǾкϷˣ
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㵹Ǵ绰ǹһȡ
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ʱſͻȻһɧ
˵עZԺͳߣȥ
Ҳһͬſڡ
һ֮£˫𣬸ϲ֮ɫ
ſվŵˣĳ˷h
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ŷhȹһ仨ʢš
ȻɫȹپҲhǰ㾪޾覡
hһд羫µǧС㣬ͨͨȥȻʧɫ
йӸ۾ֱĶŷhhŵĶޱ·͸ˡ
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һ˲ĴڣѾZ׵ȥ
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Լ⸱̬컶ﻹ
Zȫhסˣ
ҷhĳҲȷʵȥ
컶ǻŮӵа˿֪ңòھŮǰУһh컶ǲԲλ
ΪʲôôŮ
컶ȻˣҲһ˲䱻hҫ۾޵ˡ
hͶޱ֮󣬲ûеһʱ俴
Z߹ͬʿ֣hȴûкֵĴ㣬Ǳò΢ЦãܸܺһӰ
óhĸˣ仰Ҳ˵úܻе
ܿǾ͹˾Ҫ˵ġ
hĻȫ䶯
һһд質ĲŮhȻҪȦСZĵӰ
Ϣ̫ըˣ
һʱ䶼Ӧ
ҲǷǳȣΪh֮ǰûк˵
ʵ֮ǰвȦУhĵӰˣhһһܾ
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Zԡ˵ZԵľ͹˾Ȼˡ
һЩ˽ȦĹӸ磬ܿ콫ZԵľ͹˾ʵ߼Ρ
ͬʱķǳĽZԣܺͷhĵӰ




959¡
 

һӰ̣ٿҲҪ¡
Ҳ˵ZԺͷhദ¡
Ӱ籾һЩ˵ܶZԾ͸޸ǳˣ
뵽ڳĹӸǰʡ
ǣҲҪľ籾ܺͷhϷʲôġ
˾桢۵Ŀ⣬ZԷǳ⣬泩֮hûҲˡ
hҪվ͹˾Ҫ󣬺һ֧衣
һУҾ͹˾źõġ
ʱҹ˾ϳZhμᡢhӦZԹϢɢȥ
ҹ˾ĵĵӰ˵һ󱬵㣡
ȻУZԴһЩС˼
ɲںͷhšӰô򵥡
һĵӰĻᣬѷhݵ֡
ѾܹǿƵ컶ˡ
ô
ZԲϧ컶棬ҪͷhܽӴ
˵Ŀ֮УZ΢΢ֱ
hС㣬һ֧衣Zʮʿ˵Į̆ʡ
ԤУhᰴվ͹˾ţȻӦ
ڳĹӸͰ׸Ҳġ
Ͼhμˣ϶ӦZ衣
Ȼü˶벻ǣhɴľܾˣ˼˴κݣͬϲûһҪ󡣡
ʱZƱޱȵĽӲ
̫ˣ
ͷhһ֧裬û뵽ȴhɴľܾ
ǵô˵档
ZŬȻЦݣŵhС㣬ѵ費ǹ˾Ҫ𣿡
ޱҲһԸhʹɫʾҪʱԡ
ֻкͬдҪ󡣡h˵
Z裬ȷʵǾ͹˾ͷϵҪ
hҪʱĵȻǼԸġ
ȥճ뾭͹˾ǩͬ͹˾Ҫ̸κǴš
ھ͹˾ȴԼΥͬҪZܽӴϳţֻΪ˸һӰơ
hǳҲ
hٴξܾZϵЦݽסˡ
оùŹ
мӸԼֻ
컶Ҳһ˿С
ZԵ棬h裬컶ǳûӣҲζZԵĹϵѡ
컶һֱҿΪ֮ǰ÷ǳóȫȲѡ
ҴС㣬ô˵汻Z˦ֱܴ裡
ڷhҲZԣ컶ƽࡣ
˦컶ϧ˼ҷhҲ㣡
㻹˵ŮǷhأ˼ҶҪǰĵӰˡ컶仰ǳЦҲԳ
컶ZԳΪǰѣеЦá
֮ǰúZжû뵽ô죡
hȷʵŮѡƽ˵
㵹ǹȥ˵ѽҪǵZԵ棬÷hӦĻҾͷ㣡컶˵
飬ZԾԻûӡ
Ҳֻ컶Լһ¶ѣΪ÷hӦͳ衣
ƯôвŵһλŮôܺϷƫԶСһ¹ϵ
컶ó书ôߣȴôᣬҲͦʧܵġ
컶ŵ֮Уݲȵh˹ȥ
ZʶޱΪʲôhչ˾ҪȴַhͶޱĿⶼ÷ǳ档
hĿǾϲޱĿǾ
ôhУŨŨ˼ϲ
ʵ̫ϲˣ
hԭŽʱ䣬˵ޱȥ
ȴû뵽ֱӳ˼
h仰𾪵ˡ
˭뵽hȻ˿ʶ
hԺͳϵͬһ㡣
ǰһ̣ӸͰ׸ǻΪhZ׷֡
ھ籾ȫƫ룬h·ZԵڣӭȥ
ZԴľվԭأϽӲЦݱȿ޻ѿ
컶С΢ţҲǳ׵Ĵסˡ
ԭһֱûƭ
ԼһֱڿͳΪܸʵϷh
컶оԼϱݺݴһƣۡ
hþòǰĿ˶Ŀڡ
hģзϲõ⣬˿ֻ벻һУĻ
ȿȣhС㣡ޱϽɿѡ
ҪǷhͳӵʹˣ
hֻþסԼĸ飬ûǺ;͹˾ĺͬڳ˿ͳ¹ϵ
صҵ𣿡hˮֱֱų
ûȻһЦ
һ֧𣿡
hֵһĻڳˡ




960¡ܾ
 

ڳǮƵĹӸ磬ζͷhһ֧裬ȴ֮á
hμZԣҲhܾ
ڣhȻе裡
ʵ̫š̫޷ˣ
ϣ󲿷¶ʿŮʿ裬Ļ˵λʿݸ߹󣬻
ȴռݵλǲ˷hʮǧȴh裿
ֱң
ڳĹӸ綼Ľۺˡ
ǻһԼh룬ǶôĳͷܶҪ˵÷ˡ
Ȼһû˽ǡ
ZԵɫѿ
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ȻZû˵ޱ֪˵ʲô
ޱҲû뵽hȻ˴󵨵ľٶ
ҪǴȥԻȻ󲨣͹˾ɷǳصʧ
hС㣬ݡޱڱѵ
Ȼ˿̷hֻгһ˫Ŀų˼ҹӣȴųǣ֡
컶ˣֻп˲Ż¶
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Ȼ컶ţhȻϲ
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hС㣬ˡޱѾˡ
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κغhҵܷһȫµĸ߶ȡ
һʧܷ
hתͷ΢΢һЦޱ㣬Ұ˾Ҫһ棬Ѿˣеĺѣѵһ֧費ѽһλʿɲʲôŶ
ǡޱ
hĻȷʵ˵ûŮ˭˭趼˵Է¡
ҷh⽫ѡҧúأڸߴҳֹϵ
ҲǷhΪ;͹˾ĺͬΣ˵
Ȼóh˼ЦЦhûʲô衣
仰ٴĿɿڴ
ȫĵĴǷh裬صؽһȻʿȵľܾˣ
Ҫ֪ϣܾһλŮʿ룬Ƕôʧȵ飡
ͬڵλŮʿһһ
ʱڳĹӸͰ׸ĶֲмĿų
оУ
ĽͷhǸкѣó֪Ӳķ
Ȼһ㶼ϧ
ZԿǷŭǺЦ
ò趼ɣ
ZԳĻ˶뵽ȷʵܿǲ裬žܾhµڶ
ZԽҴˣ
컶Цõҡҡͷһ³ױ¶ԼĵΡ
Ϲ΢һѧУ֪ô衣
ȻûϹѧУҲûμӹߵᣬһ䡣
hԸǵĸкѣѾܸˡ
ϧȴӲӣ
ĬȻZΪ𲻳ˣǵ԰˵hС㣬ĸкԲʺֳϣҺ㹲һɣ
ZԼֳû롣
Ȼhȴҡҡͷٴξܾˡ
ZԵЦһζҧгݡ
hٴƣҲһٶľܾҰ
ZϱȲhľ͹˾ʵȴȷhҪǿö࣡
ҲΪʲôZhμԭ
hŴθZѿZԾǰװʿҲװȥˣ
Zѷh֮伴չ
hȴͳøˡ
Ȼ㲻裬ٰɣ
hΪܾûӣѭŰ˵⡣
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ôóǴǣhֶֺСŮƵģ
Zֱӱhӣ̡
ȥӾҪˣ
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˶ZԵĻ˵úе
ȷʵҪǴȥhֺóǷhϻһˡ
ȻhȴںҲúZ˵ǰء
ͳĿԣѯʳ
˶Ȼپܾˡ
ղȷʵ裬Ͼһз֡
Ƿhһ𵯸٣ȴóĴѣ˲˸ʱڵ¡




961¡
 

h˸һ˵ĸ٣ڷ
Ϊhĸ˳ʱ͵͵ӷhĴͷh˽ᡣ
hֻҪڼʱ򣬸ĸͱ٣ŷţҲҪ
˷h̳һ𵯸٣ֻǵϾhҹѡ
hһ𵯸٣Ĳ飬֪hҲԼһ˵ĳ䡣
hȻ뵯Ҿ㵯һɡЦ˵
Ϊٴξܾġ
ϾһСط˿ôܻᵯ٣
ҪĻǵô˵
ڳȴֱӴӦˡ
ųͷhߵһʮƯĸǰڳĹӸͰ׸ǣſЦ
ZŭЦѡ
ó̫֪ôˣ
Ϊзhţʦֳͨˣ
϶Ҫ˳Ц
һҲóٵĲࡣ
hָ߹ƷľŮ治һСϵģ
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ᰴټܵʲô
ΪӦͷh٣ZԺڳľǹӸǵøˡ
ٹӸ綼ʵ۾ˣͲó̳
ޱڿƺˡ
֪ͷhԶΪˣԼֹˡ
һ˫˫Ŀע£ͷhһڸǰ¡
ǵõҽ̸뵯һףhЦʵ
һ׶ԡ
Ļشǳš
ûлаҽУƾļͽѧĸ߰˰ˡ
ڵĳףˣͷhѧٵһĻĻȻġ
֪ԼԱȵ굯øá
ΪͷԱøָĿƸӾˡ
⻰˿Ǵţˡ
һ;Сӣٶû
ھȻԼ㵯κθ
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hʵҲе㲻ţǵõЩ
룬ѡһ򵥵ģͳϵ
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ǸٴʦФѵ׸֮һ
Ҳڷhķ벨ףh
Ǹ츳ڵķh궼ӡ
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һʱ䣬hɫе㲻ÿˣûѧ׸ѡӰɡ
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hС㣬ղŴ컨׹˵ʲôӶУôһףͲҵˣZư㼥м
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һЦʮָڸټϣҪʼࡣ
Ҫ벨hȵĿųӡ
ϰhФʦ
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˲˼Ŀ£˻벨ĵһСɡ
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׼ȷĵ˳
ûзhİ
ޱȫţһֱΪ³Сӣܻᵯ١
ڳᵯĻ
hһ˫Ǿϲ֮ɫҲָڸټϣͳһ
һζָӵɣƮ֮Уö֮
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ҿȥǷhڴ࣬ڴŷh
˶еޱȵ棡
ôһ˿ҡһͳ˸ٴʦ
hϲޣЦ绨ʮϳĽˣ
У˿̵ĳͷh·һɾ£
ǸоԼ˻þȻóͷh䣬֮ϡ
ʵҲΪٵˣҲǳ߹
֮Եһε벨ȴʮ־ֻͨΪľ˼׼ǵһ
Ϻͷhѧ٣ƾԼָ̬ƿӲ׸Ѷ
һˣﾹ˲
ڳĹӸͰ׸ǣܿв˱ټ۷ˡ
컶̲ס
ȻվʱֱСӵģ·ղŵһֻһʵʵΡ
ôͻȻôh֮վǳʵ




962¡ס
 

Ҹطİɡ
סhС֣Ҫſȥ
ȵȣҴhСߣ֪ţ𣿡Zǰס
ޱҲںhɫ
hųߣۺԲ룡
ȻҴhߣ˭Ҳסң
˵ţƹZԣͷhһͬſڡ
סZԳȵ
еİһжʮˡ
ZԾͲų书ٸߣһ˴ʮѵصİ
ȻЩһͱķɣ
ûһס
ŷhͥɢֻ߳ˤһصİ𾪲ѵĸǡ
Zɫ˼㡣
͹˳书Ҳ͹˳Ŀ
棬ѷhߣZ˵ƽһܴ裡
С㣬鷳һͣZԿޱʵ
ޱɫҲܲÿֻǿ͵ҪhСȷʵͳǸкѣǺܾûԳȥһΣһ͹˾˵÷hСԺͳϾ
ߣҿСǿ˷hҪǴȥŶСӦ֪ԣZǿŻ˵
ޱŬһ˿Ц⣺飬ϣôұܣǷhСʵǷǳԸĵӰģϣҪôӰҹ˾ĺ
ҿԲƽϽ飬ԲܹһΣZȻͷhĵӰĻǧѷ꣬˽Ӳ
ޱZ˵һ
ţZɨһۣλһӣ鲻ҪȥΪУ
˼Z˵ôأԭ㷢Ȧˣֻ
hμZԵᣬȴһСӴߵ飬Ժ䶯ȫģ
ڳĹӸͰ׸ɲΪըţΪС
ǶǮƵĶҲǲǵġ
ZԳ費СϷУȴǿɻһߴǣǾ͹˾Ĺͣ϶֡
ɴ˿ɼҵж
ҾǲԳͷhԸ;ٶҲᱻжĵֽǰסġ
ZԴ˿̸оķǳıݺݵķйһ
hߣҪѹסϢʵ
ôܵˣ
Zɫ뿪
߳ŵʱ򣬲ͨһ绰롣
磬ҽѵһСӡ
ŶʲôСǵ٣ȻҪҳ֣绰ͷǳưԷһĿ˵ļһ
ZԵ̬ȣƺǳ𾴶Է֪С书еʮס
ҵҪƣСֵܲߵùһУ˵ôలסȴһ㾪ȶûС
Ȼ书ôǿ
ZǹЦ⣺Ǿͷˣˣ֮ǰ˵ҪҼĵĵӰһҪɫѾ͹˾˵ˣԻ㰲һʵĽɫͷǹǣ
٣ͦչֵܵʵҾǿˬÿǵսǣȴڵӰͷҲҪڵӰ֤ǲǻĵһֲӣȻˣ˵˵Ҫôѵ˵Сӡ
õġZ֣Ҫóǡ
绰ʱ컶ں͵ˡ
û뵽ԼǰѣȻ˴Ļ̵ִĲֱ
Zͨλ磬컶֪ȫ½棬ǲֲӳԱZԹϵܲ
½治ǲԱﱳҲǿӲ
˵½ʵԭԽ˹ϵӲǰ
㶼½ҵıòͬ⡣
뵽Ҫ½涼¾Ƕȥˡ
컶Zߺԥ˺þãջǲͨ˳ĵ绰
ʱͷhһľС
hѾڳﻻȹϺͨ·ñ۾֣رۼ˸ϲλǡ
׼ͷh˵ʱ˼֮飬ϵֻֻȽ
Z˲ֱ½Ը㣬Ȼ½书㣬½ҵıһҰֶǲ㻹ǸϽ뿪ǰɣ绰컶һ˿ǡ
컶ֽĴС㣬֪飬ԼҲΡ
˲Ŵ绰ѳ
컶㲻õģзִ硣˵漴Ҷ˵绰
÷h̫á
ô컶ʶҼǵŮhھǾˣȻ˵컶ֶȦŮ
ûлɳ컶ʲô




963¡Ů
 

hѾ֪ȥѵֲһ£ǲֲ̹ܽ٣˵ҪǣȥͣҲź컶ʶ
ˣ˵컶ˣҪǺ档ᣬԽӣh۹⻬ա
hҲԼ֣ᰴųֱ˫ﲨ˵һΪأΪ͹˾ҪҺZϳΪĵµӰơ
Ҳ̫ףǾ͹˾һֱע󣬶ųһ࣬רְд質裬ô㹫˾ͻȻȦСĵӰأǳʵ
hܹʱڷһģɲǵʵɡ
ȦСĵӰɻԼͿڱ
ԳŲ⣬hľ͹˾ôͻȻһǻС
ʵûоҵͬ⣬͹˾޷ǿҺZĵӰġh̾һ
ԸˣhҲԼӦZĵӰǲʲôԣ
ʵҰľhȴ̺ɬһǰZԵľ͹˾ϰҵҰ裬ϣҰҴӦZĵӰǸϰһͨƻ˵ĵӰĻӺZԵľ͹˾ʵҰˣ
ҲԾܾɣǲ̫ס
h͵ZԾ͹˾ϰ壬ֱӴһλ֪Ұ裬˵Ӱ籾дˣĳԱȡս2ƱߣΪ붯˲ֲӣӰ־ͽС
ǺǣⲻǶʩЧ𣿡Цһ䡣
ս2568ԪƱ漣һӰͿԸϳƱġ
ҲǶʩЧ򭣬Ұ赱ʱǸϰĻhЦ˵ΪҰǸϰҵĻᣬѡŮҲܻΪҵⲿӰŮǣҰϰǩ˺ͬóһҲͶʵӰ֤һܵŮǡ
hڿ㰡öˡ
ȻôŮġ
ô׾ZԾ͹˾ϰĻֻ˵̫úˡ
Ǹϰhĸ÷hӰġ
ǷhĸĸƣǸϰ壬÷hŮǡ
̫޴ˣ
hһΣһû˵أóһҲҰ軹ǸϰһӰзǩ˶ԶЭ飬ʱӳƱﲻ30ڵĻҪͶʱ⳥зƱ30ڵĻҰܵõʷֺ졣
ϰ϶˵ԶЭԲˡѾ󵽣ZԹ˾ϰǸ˵
ǰh̾ҳһ׬ĸڣҰһ¾óͶʵӰﲻ30ƱҪⷢзڣǿǱȫһˣΪԼһӮֺϡ
豻ϰˣ϶šĳȡս2ƱߣǾ60ڼϣҪܴﵽƱɲֹֺڣȻΪܴﵽôߵƱܳ30ھո㡣˵ԼĿ
ս2ʱ˺ͣŴﵽӰʷһƱĸ߶ȡ
һʩЧķƵӰôܺ͡ս2ȣ
ҲòⲿӰϾҰ趼ǩ˺ͬҾܾĻǼҾҪƲˡh˵˵ţи⡣
οh̫ҲûãõӰƱﵽ30ҲǲܣȻȵӰ籾һҪʡ
Ӱ籾ڻڱܽ׶ΣûпҪȺ쿪ʽܿhΣҾ֮ǰĵĵӰ̫ÿƱҲߡ
񣿡һʱüͷ
ΪһλĴݣܴ󣬵ĳĵӰȴǳá
ֲҪӷhĸĸͶʣĵӰ˾ﻹĵӰ
ȻεӰݺܲ뵽˷hһ붯ֲӡ
ٺõĲϣһˮƽеĳʦҲ޷òˡ
hҲ֮ǰĵĵӰãҿ㻹þ͹˾һݰɡԼĽ顣
hЦҡҡͷ˵ݣͬѾȫǩˣֻϣĺһ㡣
ðɣǸZԸľ籾˻ռˣϾŮǡȽϵһ㡣
hЦЦ㲻õŶΪͬ涨ҲܺκνɫܽӴҰҲӦ
ˣǲ̫ġ
ҪαhĵӰгԿ
ʱͻȻӦİĿ䣬иһֱעǡ
ж͵ģ˲²⣬Էhʾ⡣
hѾ͹жӴν̸˳һȷϵ
վ
λжپܣȻоǰӰһѵǰ




964¡幷
 

㡢û뵽ٶô죬ʱŵˡ
ղ͵ĵƵƬ
˵ʲôӲ˵
ߣƱˡ
һѶеֻ΢ӰȻ󵱳顣
־ôֲһͬʱ۵׸ʹϧ֮ɫ
hûдţǵһĵhİĻĹУòռĴ󱬵㣬ȴֱ֤ˣ
㡢ôôҰٻҵ˽˲Ʋ׳ŵӣԳʵ
ȷʵ
ҪǽɹߵĻһҹ֮䣬ܳΪĶУƸȫˣ
һȫ˲ٵ
ܲ
ֻӰҲһ飬Ÿҹ˵飡ֱӴǮȡһƱ
֮Уֽ
⹷￴顣
ѷhͳĻϢȥ׬
ǴǷh˰ɣҰűȥֵǮҿɲ˵仰󣬵ࡣ
òЦȻ
ˣʵǷhСڡһݣΪ˷hҵҲ볹׵ﹷС
һȫŵӣڣҵɵںʹȿģϻ˵뱻ع⣬óһǧ
òͷˡͻȻųɱһֻưס˹еļ
һǿ빷еڣųԱ仯һ»ȡ·ҽһȫͬ׹ߣ˵
ָоֱܣ
Ѿ𺧵û⣬аֶγסˣ
֣hСڣɿ֣˵ҵֶΣȡ練ƣؿƿ
иղŴӹŹһ⣬˿̰ͷСףﻹ
ɣѽй¶ȥĻɱ
ŵû겻壬Ϊ
֤ȫ٣⹷д飬Ҳһš
Ͼhһֱרĳ崿Ůû֤ݵ£ĻĻû˻ŹеĻ
߻طhߣ¸Ц˵߰ɣ
hţ߳hķۺɫӵ
ھҪԼˣΪǹСhӣĶ
h뵽һһķЦ
h΢΢ɴڴʵʲô
費ǩ˺ͬ㲻òĵӰ𣿡ǹһȣҲǩһͬĵӰڼ䣬ҵڡ
ôôhһһȥⶨһݺͬҰ;͹˾ͬͬ⣬ҶҪǩͬ
Ƿhһֿ顣
ΪǷաս2ĵģĵӰ̣϶ΣգӶڵɷǳ㡣
쿪ֱȥƬǩͬɡһ˵
hӦҲãҹˣֻܺټ
˵仰hѳֱͣߺڰĽȻһžϾ̽޵ӣס˳
˾˺ܾúܾãֱhĵ绰
hޱ˵ͳСӼˣϿһ绰һֵܴŮ
̼ǵþϳhļš
绰Ƿh衣
裬ûͳһҾͻؼңh˵Ҷϵ绰εĿ˳һۡ
ȻؼҰɣһȥƵ꣬㡣˵Ŵ򿪳ţ³
hĺͳ𣬵ȳԶ󣬲ſ﷽ȥ
ȥƵʱ֮ǰͷhĻĿҪϵùȥȴӭꡣ
һǲľү
ιûпһһŮԼ᣿һүڣùеɴ۾ޱȡ
ΪʻȦСZԡ
ԭ٣ղһһŮԼᣬǰߵġʵشԥһּһ䣬ŮĺǴǷh
ȥֲˣһ뷨
Լⲻ˳λٿԣ
ŶǻZԺɵĴ˹һ£㲻׷繷жӵİΰ𣿡
٣ϵңаΰĹеܳ漴ҧгݵĵʵҾ͵ĴǷhģǸвһ٣ֻƻˣ
ߣ飬ԲعȥZԶݺݵľ




965¡ҹŮ
 

аΰΪZԸģȴû뵽ZҲҪܡ
ðΰ±ˡ
磬ô죿ZԿߣһָ׳ꡣ
ǲֲӵ½档
ʣΰ֪ZԻҪ¡
٣˵СסûУ½ɴʵ
ZԷֻϢȻشյˣСסڱƵ꣬СӻͦǮģȻסǼ
ŶСӻԻװ½治Цһϧ̣ǾҲװ˱ƣ
磬ȥƵɣZѾȲ½ѵˡ
½һ£û̴Ӧ
ǶȦﶼ֪½˲濴֫ͷԼ򵥡
Ϥ˶һۣĺ
½ȻֱֻǿϵȥģڳҲǴˡ
½沢׳ִˣøֶֺζԸˡ
һλǸĳξƻϵ½棬ʱ½沢ûгִ
һ֮ڣǸȴ½ȫƲ
󸻶һһҪл½Źȫһ
̣˭Ҳ֪½ʲô
Ѿ㹻þȦˣ֪½浽ж¡
ZԼ½ٳûпڣļˡ
Ϊʱ˼ʲôֶΡ
ZԼ½˼ôãԽԽڴ
һ֮½濪ˣ٣ȻСΪмǮǰԻǾ¸ףǮȫ³ҪǸ
磬϶뵽ˣZǰһ
½ЦȻԸûӵУֻҪʩСƣСӾ͵ñɵƣ


ZԺ⼸׷״
һԵĹаΰҲֻ
ȻλλҲ˵ƻ͵֤ݵǸСҪùˣ
ΰ뿪ȵʱ½ͻȻסȵȣôãˣ
λүʲô£ΰսսתĴһ
½ǹЦ⣺⹷ǿСɣҪһ¡
ʲôʲô£ΰûɵе㺦¡
½촽΢˵һ֮󣬰ΰηʧˣ¶һ˿˷֮ɫ
٣ҿ϶ã
½ĵͷ
˵ƲߵZǣͬǳ˷ܺڴ

صƵ֮ҹ
ϴ˸裬ڴϣֻ΢ŸhʱͻȻš
üͷ΢΢һ壬ûʲôԱ
˷h컶Ҳû֪סǼƵꡣ
룬վ߹ȥͨۿŵ˭
ֻվһ֦չŮɣûŨױĨе崿
Ȼ˶ģڵҲҪַϢ
ҲеС㣬ʵǶޱģҽж棬ǷhС㾭͹˾һŮŮ̬ȺܳϿҵ˵
λжŮȷʵĳַС㣬ǼƵӦҲûַ
Ϊ˽ǲ㿪ţֻʵޱʲô
ޱ˵̸̸ڷhСǹ˾ͬ⣬ǳҪҽȥ̸𣿡ʵ
غhĺͬȷʵ˺ġ
ǵɲκвԥһ»öˡ
͵Ϊ˫İȫԲҪ𣿡
Сڡ
ߵɳ£ֱʵhĺͬʲô⣿鷳㳤˵
ȱ𼱣ҹޱгˣеڿʣȺȵʵ𣿡潿εε˵ȥ崿ˡ
ѹĵˮǱߣԼȥһȰɡ
ʵ֮ԷŶǿǵ֪סƵֻзh컶
컶ȻͶޱϵ
ԴۣܿǷhסϢ߸ޱ
Ȼhζޱôޱ棬hӦҲ֪ġ
Ŷ浹ˮʱ򣬳Ǵ΢׼һʷh
h֪Ļ׼ֱӽϳȥ
΢ź󣬷hû̻ظܻصұĸѵˡ
ǵ㣬ǲż
ǿûеˮùʱĴ
׵Ů⣡




966¡
 

Ⱥƽʣ΢ʵ
ЦӯӯĵʵûôʣǺƿԻƣ˼һŮӰҹӴ۵ġ
˵ŰһֻƱϡ
Ҳȵѽ
һ½Ʊϣ㲻Ƕޱģ˵ɣ㵽ʲôͼ
һҴˣ΢΢һ㵡
漴¶һǸЦݣԲƭȷʵǶޱģʵǽ˼һŮӡ
Ŷô֪סʵ
ɫȻĽ͵ýȥμӾƻģͨ˼ҺôҲǾȦĴС㣬һסﻹǺ׵ġ
ǺǣǷİɣЦһĵ׸ȫŶĻ
Ů崿ʵ˵Ļľľ٣˭Ҳ֪
иԹ֮ɫǲأ˼ҽټ۷ǳĽò֪סľƵ꣬ҹϵѵҵ𣿡
˵֮󣬶һںƣǣ崿߷ջӣһˣͶסˣ
ȴ˿ΪҶûȤϿҳȥ
ҽǸߣѽҪҳȥ𣿡˵漴ַĺƺңҺһھˣͷѽ
˵˵ţӿʼҡȻ㵹ȥ
ۿҪĻһߣƿ
Ӵ汻ƻԼɳԹ˵һ㶼ϧ񡣡
ϿҳȥҶ³κ
գŲӯӯӵ崿ʵϲˣɣҴ³ɣԽ³Խã
һ䣬ֱվ
Ҳ̲ȥˣ˾档
һζ汻ƵڵأһʹȻȻ۵һ˳ģҪж
ʵõֻԶһ㣬ûƵڵء
ʵǶԼ⵹ء
Ŷ水Լȣˣ޿ӣЦѡ
ŮȻģݼʵԾٻӰˡ
װٲߣĻ㲻˵ţ־ҪŶ棬š
ƺԤϣ󺰴еɱҪ
仰ں̳һꡣ
پʮֺЦԼˣ
濴СҲֵͶƭӣĸС㡣
ֲȱǮŮˣôĿꣿ
ֻ뵽һֿܣǾҪԸ
׳˵ȭ
ĳƣɳȥˤ䣬ڵϰӴӴĽʹ
ҹұˣͲžصأӽ£Щļһɷ
֮ǣͼȫûη֮ɫûܡ
ԣʱ߽ˡ
һóΪȣȻǽ￴Ĺаΰ
ô˴ҪعȥΰԴǵĳ
Ȼĵ׻Ǻܺ³ǮʹĥZԲǮ
ȻԤıİɣУع⣬ھͱ
λ˻ұʱεĿ϶㣡ΰԱһλװӿڣƵľշȰ»˽˰ɣΰ˵Բԣ
˽˵Ȼԣ³ͷԷȣӦΰ˵ţ۵ӹһĨ֮ɫ
˽ˣô˽ˣ˵ûκ⣬ѵ±ǿӣ
Ǻǣ⻰ͲˣǶִˣ֤֤ڣƵ˶վڶСߣҪǱĻһʤ𣿡ƤЦⲻЦӣȥ˷ǳ
˲ˣǸҪԸˣȻǼƵ궼ˣ
ʵС
֮󣬳ľZԣ˳²ʮа˾žZԸɳġ
ҪǱˣҪΣع飬㻹ָѣˣҲ̧ͷˣǸһ˽˵Ļᣬ治Ҫ𣿡аΰЦ
һССУȴܽһλֱ
ָоʵ̫ˬˣ
ô˽ˣңȤʵ
뿴ZԷô˼ҹ֣ζԸ




967¡
 

ӵվȫ˸Ƶģ崿ȫˣһ̵ô˽ˣ˼ҴȻ⳥ҽҩѰ
ôһ˵ĵطΪҽôЦ
һְֻŶͷ˵ղô˼ң˼ͷΣˣһĺҲ⣬ҪûЩҵĻ˵Ҿͱˣ
˵ôأſڵİΰЦˡ
ò˵ŮԱݼȷʵܲ
ΰǰݵĵӰӰݼûڵȻ
𵴣Ҽһû𵴡߹ȥ
װµӣ˺㡢ɱڣ
Ǻǣ㲻˵б𣿼ȻóסƵ꣬ҲӦòóҵҽɡʮֵĴݵ
ȴ¶ĺ֮ɫ˿ҽɫħ챾СɫҹƭС㵽޲飡ɱңƼأø࣡
УҸҽԺˡҲ÷ϻˡ
û˵档
Ǽ׳꣬ΪԼ
Ȼû˸֤
Ͷ˽ˣûſڵķԳܺġ
ʱԱߵİΰˣҪˣȥҽԺ飡
ZԽ˵Ļû뵽ˣ÷˼ˡ
ˣǻҪȥҽԺȵʵ
濪ڵһ˿Ȼ֪Сּƽʱ˶ȥҽԺģͨҽԺӴС𣿡
ȷҪȥҽԺٴʵ
ƺ֪˵ʲôиֱ֮ɫôסǼƵ꣬ҺȥҽԺˣҩ̫𣿡
ôⲻҽҩѵˣСˣſڵİΰĸ͵
ЦЦаǾȥҽԺ
ȥҽԺˣҪǸҽԺ᲻ᱻZˡ
˺ҪȥҽԺ
ǳ֮ˣ
Ӧôˬ죬桢ΰһ¡
ҲоʲôԾһ˴ųˡ
ҽԺڣһ³ͷҽԺǳɣйŴֽǷǳпƼС
ռҲǳ㡣
ȻҽԺβ滹ҽѧо
ſڣͿһϤˡ
ֻZվڴſڣһЦĿų
Աߣվһĸ׳꣬ųĿ⣬̺Ϣ
ȻĿԳЧ
˵ҵĺѶ滹ҼֵܴˣصظϵҽԺøһZԿڣĳȵ
ŶԭĺѣֵܰǹϷʵĻȣþүȦǣȻֵͶʧ
˻һZߵ½ʱŭ
ΪƲġ
˼ƣԲѣֱЦ
СӣԼмǮ͸ǰԻǲǣ½ĿڣƲ½¾㿴ʲôи߶
ԭ½棿ע⵽еʵˡ
ԭ컶ѹZԸǸֱ
ZԵĽܵСӣ˵֪˭Ƿ磡ĵһֲӲֱҾҽԺԬԺǷ׾ˣ֪𣿡
ҹ˭ǲҪ˽𣿲Ҫ𣿸Ͻġװͷӡ
ȥһ㲻ں⳥ҽҩƵġ
ZԲ㱻ЦˣһммǮܵģҪ˽ˣҲʲôطǾҽԺ˽ҿܲ𣡻ܲװ
ˣȥZһм߽ҽԺ
Zҧгݣ֪ĵٺͱǿ½棬Ȼôɫ
ͷhϵǳƾhҲ޷ס
Zֻѳûͷ࣬򱩷ҵɵӡ
磬ҽҩѳҿСôޣZʮ𾴵İ½˽ȥ
ԬԺһȺҽˡ
ǾҽԺҽһǹҽʥ֣ҲһЩϵ
ԬԺҽʵǺֻܸͷд쵼λá




968¡⳥
 

ҽԺ˵βĶͷĴྩǴ쵼סҽԺĲ
˵ҽԺϰǷǳߴϡͬʱеصĵط
ҽԺȫҽѧרң缶ľ֢ûʲôȺҽβõġ
һССҲõҽԺҽΡ
ԶˣȫС
߽֮½ƹߣǰһλʮǰк˾ˣ鷳ˡ
壬˱˴ˣ˾˵ȻӲܣ˾ԬԺһУҽȥˣ
ǣЩҽԬԺĸǴ˵еĹҽʥ֣ɲԬԺԸҹصҽԺֻΪ˸ˡ
Ҷ½ļСܿȥ˵Ҳء
ֻǽʧȥж˶ǡ
ڶ棬һ˶ûС
ͼ걻ҽˣַһţȻϾĵȴš
ZԻΪ¶Цճµģ㲻ΪзhĹϵͻû°ɣ
ʲôʱ˵Ҫ÷hҳͷҳֿŮ˵ļһ𣿡װʮְӡ
ãȻйСӺУZԹ˹ƣȴһЦ֮ɫϧȥhҲﲻ㣡
˵˲ҽҩ𣿼һģֿʼװˡ
ZԼЦ飿ΪҽԺ͹ˣ
ȻأѵҪʮ򣿡װе᲻õӡ
ZԶʱΪң಻ˡ
Ͼʮ۳⸱ӡ
½ǿмԬԺʹ˸ɫ
ԬԺĿڵλôˣշѣÿ˾Ҫһ𲽣XĻϣи׼
ʲô˶ѣһҪһ飿ǺҽԺɣȥǳԾ
ԬԺɫ̳²֪辩ҽԺĺжأ
ƺһ̱͡
ҽԺೡϣZЦˣûʶУȻ˵ҽԺǺҽԺ˵ȥ±ЦɣҪշѱ׼ͨҽԺһǱͷ
ߣշѸһΪĸҽҩѲɣĿʮš
ZԿǳӲˡ
ЦⲻĻɱˣҷǲֱǵ㹦ǰ
ֱ˲иֵ뵱ֱǶӳأ򲻹ңٵĴ
ʱҽԺ˶ɵһų
ⴵţҲ̫ûˣ
Ŷ㻹ʶӳ˵˵˭߰½ڿˣûôɵƵС
ĵ˵Ȼʲôֱ϶˵ӳ֣Ĵɣ
ڣ
½滹δشZԾЦ˳
½ߵúܽȻ֪ĳֲЩӳֱ˭
һ֪ѡ
ӳп񻢣ҲҪ㣡½Цҡҡͷû桢װƵУҶˣ΢һ£©ٳ
Ǻǣǲžˡ˫ֱأǵϷζԡ
Z̲סмͼţɣҿ㻹ھǻ죡
һ䣬ҽǴŶͼ¥
˽ˣһҽԬԺ
ԬԺʵô
ǵλвСƣж⡢ͷ̶ֲͬȵˣλСж𵴡ҽһ˿Ļ㱨
Ц
ǵƾûôأҽ϶ǰԬԺҪ˵ġ
˱浥Ҳ϶ٵģȥˡ
ֱʵǵҪҽҩѣ
δҽشԬԺӹ˱浥˼֮󣬷ǳ˵ǾҽԺշѱ׼κ⼸˵ƣԼҪһǧԪ
һǧ򣿡ľȵˡ
û뵽þҽԺĸԺȻұôŵշѱ׼
ôھöˣZǡôļղ㲻Ǻ磬ԼǮ𣿡
һǧ򣡡һ˵ӣ
˵ʱôû뵽Ҫһǧ򣿡
һǧܶӽӸССԾ׬ˣ
ôţƣܵݴǷh˵ⲻһǧ򣿡
Z޼ɵĳš
һ泩ˬоԼȫë׶ſˣڻĺ




969¡
 

һҽԺշѱ׼⣡ǡǶթ
˶óܼԻ
ԬԺĳעԴǣ
û˸ɾҽԺշѱ׼˵ҽԺթ
һԬԺͿ԰ѳҽԺȫصҽԺΪβ

˵˻𣿡
Ȼ˵ҽԺթ
ZԼָųıˣǿЦѡ
ҽԺĹԱʿǶڰ͵Ц
ȷʵûôɵȱС
аΰǱĿС
ǺԼЦ
ھƵװ»ݣɫĵʱĻǳء
ڿڳ󣬶ĻȫȻֻ֮顣
½ưֲмĶų
ΪƫԶУܸһӡ
ȴû뵽ôͱˡ
û˼
ϽǮóһǧ򣡡ZԵųȫǺ֮ɫҪòĻ׼һΰɣҲù
Ҫһǧ򣿡ŵӡ
ZЦô㻹ɣ˵㣬Ӧ˽˵Ҳ㣬ҽԺҲû㲻ˣ
Ҳǲ⣬ȷҪôࣿٴʵ
û಻پһǧҪǴղ뻹Ըӡ٣Z仰ʵǿţҪ٣һҵ·
ޱվš
ZΪŻˣΪ⣺ôаǣǮ϶Լգҷh裬԰ɣ㲻ֳˡ
ǼӲҪѳϾ·ˡ
Ȼֳ˶Թۣûһͬ
һûȨûơУҸǴٶǻòͷˣ
ҽԺҽʿǣٶǴٰ¼
ǶϵZλǷȦС⣬ǾȦү
ԬԺֱ½棬ﱳǴˣ
ͬʱλ٣ųǣ
Уһǧˡƺԥ˺ܾãŴӦ
ֵZԳԾˣ𣿡
ôҾͲǮǲǣ˵ţߵǮĵطһпݸĹԱ
ˢһǧ򣡡
һǧ򣿡ZԻǲţǳװġ
Ҳʮ־Ŀų
ûע⵽׽𿨣ˢ̺ܿͽˡ
пǮĹԱȵ˵һǧ뵽ʣÿ찡
˻һ˾㲻ҲţĿһǧ
ʱ˿ųĿⶼˡ
ôᣬλү
Zԣ㲻˵ⲻһǧô˵⳰
仰ZԴлع
ųһҺǮı飬ZԾر𻬻ͻȻЦ

Цʲôʵ
ZЦòˣżм˵Իóһǧţǲǣ豻ǿһǧ򻹾Լ磬Цˣ
ǳǿһǧˣɫ̳
Zһĵ⣺ûǾſôأǮˣκε𣿳űүãϿҹǣ
˼ɫÿ˵ˣ֪һǧܿǳȫҡ
˿ȫңɫܺÿȥ
Ȼǲģ˭֪ôǰԻأ
ԬԺҪҽԺǮңٶȿڡ
˵˶úɵƵĻ
ԬԺôǮô˻Ŀڵ⳥һǧҽҩѣٵģҼҽԺĻ㽫ܵصĳͷ
ҪԺԺ
仰˵ڣ˶ʧȥˡ
ҽԺԺ
ҾˣԺҲ϶վZһߡ
ϾZԡ½ԬԺһϵġ
ԺôܵȥһûȨûƵУ
ԬԺ׼ϳȥʱͻȻһϲӴſڴ
ĹԺˣ
˵Ŀ⣬˵ķȥ
ֻһλĿƵߣ첽߽
λߣڳ󲿷˶ϵãǾҽԺԺѣ
֮䣬ȫһƬ֮ɫ
ôˣԺôͻȻҽԺ
һѽʱ˵Ǿ仰˲ԡ
Ŀɿڴɫ֮Уߵǰɫʮֹʺݹ٣ǾҽԺ֮
ѶԳ̬ȣ˳׾ˡ
ҽѧϵ̩ɽҽԺԺȻԳϹϾ
Ĵ쵼ˣҲû̬




970¡һʮ
 

ԺǣԬԺܾ
ǻѸûʦǰ˭Ҳתע
ϣ֮ǰҽԺҸյͱҽԺһǧ򡣡ͬ
ѵɫһ¾ͱˡ
ҽɵΨһ˳صʦһǣǾҽԺͱһǧ
Ҫǳ˵ڣҽԺ޴飡
˭˭ҿӳһǧ򣡡һŭɨȫʵ
Ǽ䣬ҽԺ˶սս
Ժ⸱̬ȣ˭վڳߵģ
ˣ
ھҽԺԱĿУѾסĹǣȨ˵һ
ʲôԺڻǰ۱ӲϵǿҪĵͷ
ﲻǾȨģǹҼҽʥĴ쵼ҪԻϿͿ
˻һ仰һʳڣԬԺɤۣ
ֻԬԺŬЦԺԺλ½ļѣӦ˽⳥ҽҩѣ˽κǵҪһһǧ򡭡
ղڳǰԬԺʮı֡
Ǹ˵һǧҽҩѣͷǳˡ
ΪѶԾҽԺշѱ׼˽ˡ
һԬԺĻ˲˺ܶ顣
½Ҳ˵ԬԺǲֱﱳӲ
϶½ˣʲôֶΣﵽˣ
ѵĿ½濴ȥ
һ½ղŵĸ߰ɫȫȻˣİ
ּ½ҵﲻ
½ߵZԣû𾪴лع
ȫ׳ΪʲôʶѣһѻԳô𾴣
ҪǽҪΪͷľֶùˣ
ʲôҪһǧҽҩѣԬԺ㵱ۻ軨ǲǣĿڡ
Ϊҽʥ֣һ۾Ϳûʲôˡ
໨ʮǮҩˡ
ԬԺȻճһǧҽҩѣ
ҪǴȥǾҽԺǱܹˣ
ǰԬԺûؿպΪҿǵԬҵĹϵѶһֻ۱һֻۡ
һǧҽҩѾ̫ˣ
һǸʦյģ
ԬԺѵʣһĻ̿֡
֪ж
շأһǧõġ
Ϊڳ˶ҽԺĸյǮᴫȥ
˭뵽Ժһͷģ
Ժ⡭˹̳ʧ̫ˣԬԺʼˡ
⻰һڣ󼸸˵ҽʱɫѿ
ǺǣʧǾҽԺΪĵһҽԺȻʧ󣬺õúģЦ
˭ó˿ǳ
𿴻ƽʱǸƽ׽ˡǳ͵Сͷ
ŭҽԺ˶֪ж£
һѿɲ濴ôơ˵
ҽԺԺλãûơǿӲôУ
ȫҽƷĴ顢⣬Ѱƽˡ
Ͳһܰõġ
ҽԺԺԼȡϣΪûǸ£
ʱZ÷ǳţ̲סˣϣСӾһУҺͷ磬ҲӦ˽ǮΪʲô
Уλүҳԣ˵ɫҾô˵ɣ˭˳͵ͬڵһѣ
ΪĽѲûֱ˵ʦ
仰Ѿ㹻ڳ֮𺳵ͬʯˣ
͵ڵﻪϣ
仰Ҫģǳھˣ˭ҵ
Ѿʼ¡ˡ
ΪϵԷǳ棬ڿЦ
½ɫ㣬֪޷ˣӲˣ
ҪôѼ˶˵㹧ĶԳʾ
ĿZԡɨûɵһţſڵZԡ½͹ԺԬԺ϶թһǧҿɣһʮ⳥һڣҿԿǲټƽϡ
ʨӴ󿪿ڰZԶʱ޵Ľе
ǮˣȻһڣ
⳥һǧҽҩѻţ
Ͼ½ôҲǾͷĹӸ磬ҪǴȥ㲻һУҪԷһǧԺǶھһȦˣ
ȻȴԳҪ飬һóͷˡ
թȥҽԺԻһǧɣ




971¡˷۱
 

ȻдǼƽϣǾ͸Ͻóһ⳥ɣһɵĿ˵
ǣˣϣǲǸʲô
ZһƾʲôΪһ˿ͻȻ˻ôһɽ
ҪһڣϾĹԹγĻ
ǻѵӣZԶûϲô̡
üͷڳҽѧ̩ɽǵλүǿһΣǵһѣ𣿡
ҡZԳ׵סˣ֪˵ʲôá
ζᷴǮģȵĿ⿴½档
Ҳֻ½ŵˡ
½ڳ򶨵ģиְȻ֮ɫϣ֪ǲֱڳҵѣ֤ߣܵƾһ仰ҪǷ⳥ɣ
Ȼ½ֵúŵ̬ӣⷬ˵Ѿǰзˡ
ֻϣϿϣһ̨£ܹ»СС»ˡ
ѵȴǳࣺ½棬ʲôΪˣʲôΪˣҶ֪һ
㲻ĳͷǺãҪѡ񱨾˾빫֤ҶԸˣҵҪһƬ˭ҶԳòֶΣ
仰˵½ɫҲˡ
λǵһҽ˼ǣϧΪ˳κξս
½ңҲȫӡ
˵ʵ½ǳǳɵѵ
ھ½ߣĸȨҪӣҳ壬Ҳµ˭
ǻǡǡﲻĴ֮һ
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һλ½ȫ
ֻҪѶֶ΢һ£Ϳ֪½ֹӺ
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Ͼ»Ϊһ۵㡣
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ǵЩ½ӲһвˬŭͰѹȥ
ûǰɣھ͸˻һڣѲ
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ȻǾĴ٣Ҫ̼óһҲô׵ġ
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ڽı뻹½ԬԺλǴ߳һǧĴͷ
ZŲӲ˵½ȱʾ
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Zǽһһŭ޴й
ǰѸղĳԭⲻˣ
㲻Ҫ̫⣡˭˵һģZҧڣھǧʣµһ⣡
ʲô桢ΰһɫȿ޻ѿ
ȻҲеСǮǿǧô
ȻŹЩһӺˣĿɨӹȥЩ㷲
ǶǲթͬεĻóǮѳ
˻Ĵҵģлڣ֪ҪѪˣ
ԻѵǽȥԼηȫ⡣
ϣҺǧʣһǧ˸ɡʱԬԺˡ
Ҫ֮һ֪ƲֵĻԺ϶
һթعȥҪְλҪ֮࣬µۻһ˶ա
ԬԺһȥսѵȨ
˵֮½ʹ˸ɫ
Щ֮У½ԸǮģҾ;˾ƽ֣ҲҪǧ
ǾǴ٣ǧҲһʾ޿
ڣƱǿ
½ҲкԬԺһĹǣΪ¶ԼĲֱݡ
һȡпǴӦǮˡ
ʣһǧҪ桢аΰмƽ̯ǲZԡ½ǮҪ;Ҳƣܽó
κ֮ģȫתǮ
ܿĿһڣһڼһСʱʱڣװ׬ġ
Zȴ˷۱ûӵǧȥҧгݡ
ճµģҪΪлϻţǾûκε㣡⾩ҽԺưɣ½һݻͷ߳ҽԺſڡ
Ȼɵѵ»ѣͳµĳԹҪ
ZԵҪ½ȥȴ
𣿡




972¡û
 

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ǮȥˣҲ˽ˣ㻹ôZ̲סŭ
ôҴ٣ȦǣŮӵż
ȴڳһϣܵˣ
½ҲⷺĶų
ͻȻó޴
˶֪Ӧüþա
ϾZԵȻ绪ѣô˵ҲǾǵȨ
а׵һǧ򣬲Ͻȥ͵֣ҽסǣ
ִ
Ҫ֪˾ҽԺ½ZԶǺǵġ
Zԣ˷ô¶ԸңΪǮ£겻ı͸
Ȼ㻹ôҪҵǸɣZֺ˵Ҹ¿϶û꣬û꣬û꣬𣿡
Ŷ㻹ǰɣУ˵һڣҿԲƽϣԽȸҵǸ˫ֲſ˵
ZԲ㱻⸱̬ըˣ
軹ҪӵǸҸûţûĴǣּ
ZԻû˵꣬ͻȻҽг
һİ
Zһƣ
ð׳ͷ
Ҵң㻹ҴңZź׵գ־ŭʵ
ջƣҴôˣ㲻˵ϲҴ㲻Ǻ
衭ZԱףҩͰȫըˣ
ô棬һǣȻ⣡
ȥඪ˰
˿Zĳ
ֲҺͳ֣Ϊ֪ԼԴ򲻹
磬ңZ԰Ŀת½ϡ
ֻ½ɫվţȻ׼ZԳͷ
ΪѾڳվأľζԡ
Ȼ½óԶԶĶ֣Сʱ򲻵ã
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ʱԻѵ޷ȫˣ۵㡣
½סˡ
ͷԷȵ竴١
½治׼֣Z˵ˡ
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ǣҪҪ˽˰ЦЦ˵ÿһƣһһڣҪҪ˽ˣ
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Գ־Ҫ汻һٴΰƣûˣ
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ֻҪһĶԱʱصչһ½ˡ
٣ӦҪҰŵӰŮŵ飬𣿡ߵϳZǰСʵ
ԭZͷϣǶ档
ɫϾZԻû㵽֣Ż˵ʲôʱ˵μӿʽУ
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Ȼ˳򣬺ľȫ
ܹڡӰеŮŵĻɽ
ʱԽӵ˵ǧܺܿ׬֣
аΰ͵ùˣҲ˳򣬺ľҲ
Ұΰ֪ԼҲûбĿܣΪվŵĿǻĵһҽѣ
ԽֻȻ뿪ǡ
ǾǸûǮȥĺõط
ĿZԵ뿪Ҳ׼ȥƵ꣬ͻѸˡ
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仰ԬԺҽԺȫԱ֪ԭǻѵʦ
ʵ𾪵°Ͷˣ
ǻҽѧ̩ɽϵҽһˣȻݳΪʦ
Ҳ˵ҽȻѻҪ
ֻһͨͨʮˣôǴ˵еҽɼ
ȳ߳ҽԺſڣԬԺ˻Ǿþûز
ֱĿһǲŴоѡ
ȻԬԺǮѲʹ˼̡
ԬԺĸ½թ˰ѱʱҽԺЩˣ
ԬԺԱܵͷ
ԬԺְͣĵ飬˵ҽҲҪְλǮĻʿԼԱҲһӲ




973¡ǰƬ
 

ڶ죬ûʲô£hҲûճ˳ܻ룬ٴҽԺ
εһھҽӭӳûϰҽͻʿǶˡ
ǻǵһμԺô¡ӭһˡ
һһͨˣ
ҽԺڣܹʮ衰ҽƺŵҽ
ЩҽǻҽѧĹҽʥ֣˳ܿĺǻʺ
Щҽʥ˵ǹҽɵΨһ˵ʱ򣬶ǳس
˹ʮ롣
ЩȰĴͳҽѧľҽʮ֮󣬾Լѣܿо
Щҽ໥ҽ
Ȼж̶һʱ䣬аҽеһЩǳҽڳþҽǳ
гΪҽѧ˾޴ס
ƾѺ;ҽԺЩҽȥܿͻкܶҽѧ츳ѧϰ
ȻƳκͱ֥õҽ͵õĴˣ˸һ
ָ֮˵ԬԺԼԱȫյͷ顣
ԻѵĴʽǳ⣬ھҽԺϣһھҽŲĽ͵ſڡ
صƵ󣬷h΢ţ˵ͬѾⶨˡ
ǡӰʽӣǰƬͷhǩںͬ
ͷh΢֮У֪һϢ
ϺϻǸ棬ȻҪݡŮţ
һ¾ףΪʲôһƯǧС㣬顣
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½ҲҪݵӰϢhʱ֪ΪǴ˴εӰһ󱬵㣬׼ڿʽ칫
˯ʱ򣬻ӵĵ绰
ΪŮ컶дܶǸġ
ڴͳĲӴϼ档
Ҷϵ绰˯һһҹܿȥ
𴲣h˵ĵַǰʽڵأҲǡƬ
ӰӻأȥһǳзӰӻأÿ춼ʮפ
ϵģӰӻرǳ֣
ڽùɫ㡢ͬʱ־ִɫĻӰѾæµˡ
һ·߹ȥ˴ŹװҲиָĵߡ
󲿷ȺԱҲν׵ģһ׬Ǯ࣬ͦࡣ
Щ˶Ŵ׳ɴǡ
ȻָǷǳ͵ģΪӰӾҲǱ
·ϣͻȻо¼
СӣҪҪǾףһͷģ˽ס˳
ӰӻܳףֺףȻסˡ
Ȥʵʲô飬ܸҰŸʲôɫ
ӴСͦ߰ҿӣǵһɣݸյĽɫˣҸ㲻ܡ
һѵˡ
˲Ҫ̫øԶҿ㳤ͦʵ϶ܳԿ࣬ףһʮǮһ緹
㻹û˵ʲôأ΢΢
ɫԺ˵ǾפأҪĵĵӰĵӰɣ϶˵
ԭǲȥҪȥ飬öһˡ
ͶˣҸܽףЩСӰǿˣСߣҿͿˡ˴ֵкһȥ
·ϣ΢΢ʵ磬Ǿ϶ܴôҪԳˣ
ⲻǸ׼ˣÿˣھҪܶСӵȺԱͨͷøˣ
ĭɵ˵ţƺø˳ܴĹա
ҵ˾飬˹һ֪жҪޣ˵ǲã
ŶҵҪл硣΢΢Ц
СӺúøɣĻ˵ݵúãĴǻߵݿˣһյĽɫݡ
ҿ϶úøɵģҪΪ˴Ƿh仰١
ȴһЦҸղ˵ˣҪøԶСӣȻҹúøɣܺʹǷhּӴĻǲ֪ϱ˶ĸ֮ûô׽ӴЩǵģ㵽ʱɱ̫çײ˴ǡ
ģзִ硣
绹ǵһμףоֹ·ԼƵģǳ˼
Ҳģʱ򿴵Щǣ֪ԼǵĲжˡ




974¡֮ս
 

ܿڵĵط
߽ټƬֳѾ˲Աûر֪ģhZǶû
ʱʽûʼƬվɫɫԱŮٶУ׵ġ
֮ǰѾһס
ܾ󣬽Ҫһ
ܣͺȺվһȥˡ罻һ䣬Ȼľ鹤Աȥ
ͻعͷСӣȺи׳ģǼһ˵ϱźйϵġ
ŶһǴӦˣȻߵƬһʼȴhĵ
վȺ׺ֻܽһȺ׵У˵Ǹ׳ˣڲϵĴԼ׵Χۡ
㡶˱ҰһĽɫһ̨ʣٺ٣Ҫͷˣ
źһЦݣƺڻԼΪǵӡ
ʮĽ
ǾֵӰͷûеȺԱ˵̨ˡ
ź˸㰲ŵʲôɫһĽʵ
ôܴ򣬵ȻǸҰɫˣʲôǾͲֵͼܹ֪ģҪܣźһصĿǣθڵ˲˵һ͸¶һϢ֪ɣҿԺʹZԹУٺ٣
ۣԺZԹУ̫ˣһŮ˫۷⡣
ZԵķ˿Ϊ˼ZԲ׵ġ
Ƿ׷״
书Ǻð
źô׳лʹǹˣʱ϶ܶྵͷ
֪ҲСʼˣ
Щźǵ֮
书ôģһݵøƵģûѧ츳źʵһ߼ףѾƲЩͼˡԺǳΪǣС
źȻ书ΪСĹǣûôסһ׿ɡ
е㿴źС˵־һ漰żС˲̲ס
źһ˫ţ۾˹СֻǱ˶ѣʵ书ûôߣҪţһùң
СС书ܱȵϵģ׷ŭˣȫѪӿ
ź¶һмСķ˿ȻôάСҲ˵ϻˣҹ£
ҡֻǾС书ߺܶ࣬Լû䣬Ҳ򡣡еˡ
ȻѪӿźǴͷʵеˣܴùġ
Ȼź׷ŹϺɫһ˶ܿ˹
أ
ױźһȭ̵ڵأм֮
˿óԾѣźȭͷ̫ˣһȭȥ˭ܶס
źƢܱ꣬¸û˸ҵˡ
СӣôźӸ£Űڵصס
Ǵ򲻹㣬Ҳ϶СĶ֣
࣬裬Ӳˡ
ź״һЦô˵ǲ
˵ţ˶ȭͷҪ䡣
ͻȻ֮䣬һֻͨƣסźȭͷ
һͨˣȻֹźˣһоǲ֮ɫ
С˭źݺݵʵ
ǹϷʵĻ˵˭Ҳ㡣
ðһ׵ӽϾǲǣźŭЦ
ȷʵ˼
ΪҪ˵ϱȺбˡ
뵽Сףҳײ
СҲС˿ˣǿУô˻Ĥһ񻰵ĹԱ
ӽͽ֪ʲôĹ򣡡
źջȭͷ˫ָһ
֪źҪˣ
źıƬһͨףºҲܵ𷣣Ͼš
֮ź˵ˣ
Ϊղеסȭͷźû̫Сһֱþȫ
ƴȭͷҹ
ΪĵˣҪźһȭɵʱͻȻɴ۾
ֻ赭дĽסźȭͷһ˦źشٽ߸ߵķ˳ȥ
أ
һ°źˤûͷɢˣʹһҽС
һĻĿɿڴ
û뵽Ȼظ֣
ĸ־Ȼףʵ̫Ǿˣ
СӡҴңˣźڵ֣վ
ʵ̫ʹˣ
ŪЦ㲻ҪΪСĹôС׵һжӲס
㣡ź߷߲ѣͻȻУ˱磬и״ң




975¡
 

źһУƬһϢܳһЩݵӣеɫҲνġӰ
Ӽź˴ڵأʱɫŭʵ˭Ҵ˵ıܣ
ҡɴĳˡ
û뵽˿ǳͨӵģȻԴıܡ
վһȺ׵Уǿ϶ޱҲǸ׵ġ
ҲֱƬұܣ㲻ˣɾ͸ҹ
Ŷܴˣ㻹Ҳˣھͺһȥɣԣԭ
˲ɴ۾ΪԼˡ
Ƭֻڵݺͼ֮£һ׵ľȻҽ
Ƿˣ
׼ʱܹһˣг׵Ŀ硣
磬ôˣղæȥˣһĻԡ
һнСףӴúܰȻҶźܣø𣡡
ɫʱúܲÿû뵽Լ·нСӣһƬ˻
صؽҪȥźġ
ϸһ룬ôɰź̵ڵأֱźҪǿöࣿ
˲¶డ
ֲó˵ʱһ޵ţԭˡ
ʵţ»ףһλԱӡ
˿絹ǲøϳˡ
磬ҲԣСӸǸһͷ¾ҹˣвУ¿ڣѳ
ȴǲģ˵ǸУұܿǱСӴİ
źһǧҽҩѡӰӻ˳ͷӣɺܸߣǲȱһǧǮ
аɣϣֻҪСҾͷһ˰˰֣Ȼź
ߵǰ¶ЦСӹ򲻴ǲԵģźǸɣ
ǸΪʲôҪǸ÷ǳЦźֵܴ򵹣ûǸأ
ղǸС˿Ѿˡ
źһȭÿɲᣬˣ¶ʹ֮ɫȻǿš
Ļźһֻˣүôˣһף˾ʹˣ
ŶܴҲܴ㣿Ц
źҪȿڵСӣ治Ǹˣ
Ϊ˭ҲҵǸźֵܵǸȻƬȵ
һȺĿɿڴ
С׳էȻҺ˽а塣
ǳıӵˣ
Ƭɲ书˵ġ
źҲֻһ߼ףҪˡ
ڳ˺źƬǾóе㲻ˡ
ʲôһ׵ģҹƬ˱ĵЦģϰϳȥ
ؿҲ֪Լסˣų˵˲֪ôĻ
̾һĳ˵Сֵܣ㻻Ƭװɣûλˡ
ȵȣҵĻ𣿡֮ɫӰӻأκһƬף
⡭һ
Ҫѳķ붼ϵ
˵ģ㲻ҪڡɫǳǹϷʵЦ⣺ӽԺҲƬػˡ
軹ΪԼǸﰡһƬ֪ǣ˭һ첻ȥ˷ǳԸҲȷʵǴţ
Ϥ˶֪ǣȥĸƬϷû⡣
ѳϳȥʱƬſڿȵһۺɫӵһ׵
󻹸ϰİµϡ
һȺ
ӲӵģȻǷ绪ĴǷh
˻ĳӣҲˣ⻹мλߵҪǣҲǼ
ɲˣתΪ֮ɫӭȥ
ݣС㣬ˣ˶һЦ
Ȼ۷hûп˸߹Լĵλ
Ҹ˳Ծǣhһ³;ֱ
մӼʻλĶޱˣô
ôh÷ǳͳк
ǳһȺҲˡ
ɣС׾ȻʶǷh
ң˿ӡ
һĻ˺źһֱ³
СӱȻô
ˣ
h鷳һ¡˵仰֮󣬿˺źһۣǿı




976¡h˵
 

ʲô£ѩķhѾŲ²˺ź˵˳
΢˵ƬԱˣıźˣΪԱܼǾȥˡ
hͷ׵ˡ
hת˵ݣ鷳˺ź˰ɣҲǺ
û⣬hС˵㡣ԥĴӦ
Ȼǹ֪ݣڡhƵĴڡ
ô˻ᣬλǰֻڵϿݡ
ֻԼʮ꣬źɫװŵкͣͷȫͺˣȵϿҪһ㡣
Ҳ˳һۡ
һܺݣôС׵˻ͷhʶ
ݣҽͣ鲻Сֵ˵ı
񿪵һСǺںһ㶼ĵýˣ̸ҳȥ
ˣԺӰӻضһ䡣
һ£Ȼh
˼ҵ˼hһ仰־ڳˡ
ѾͶϲ£ˡ
֮ǰΪǵһεףֻһͨˡ
ҳ˵ƬΪ˷hҲȫȻš
ڳʶhλǹϵǳ
뵽Լ֮ǰóúøɣ˵ܻĽɫ
ڿ˼ҸҪ
ֻhһ仰ݸҪɫжŶпܡ
Ҳǳ죬ŷhĻҵ¾͸Ӱӻصĸ˵һ£ֹ˽ء
仰˺źͷŵס
س군ˣ
ֱӱӰӻطɱź˻ģҲòȥ
ҷɱϢȥ˵ӰӻأҲҵϷĹ
ϾھӰȦ죬ǿϵġ
ͬʱ˷hĸ黹
һ׿ŸղŻǳŵˡźתۼҵ߳Ƭڳݣ׷ײ²ʲôˡ
С㣬λģʵ
h΢ЦҵĺѣͬʱҲҴ˴Ϸڡ
˶ɴ۾û뵽hһλбڣ
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ϾhܸᳪĲŮŮˣܽӴ
ڵʣҲ
hС㣿ޱסˣȫ֪顣
ǽϢ˵ɡhЦЦͳһ߽ͬĶϢҡ
ޱ˽ȥ
ź󣬷hóһݺͬҪǩ¡
ʲôͬǩޱֹ
Ȼˢˢˢǩ˺ͬöޱᡣ
ޱ㣬Ұ豻ǩĵӰĺͬҲֻܱǩںͬˡhЦĵһ㶼ûбƵӡ
ޱε˵hС㣬ҪǱ֪һбڣӰ಻ãҾ͹˾Ҳģ
Ҫ鷳ޱȥhǸһЦޱҲ֪书ܸߣ˴ܻ̿ΣգҲò𣿡
ޱ֪˵ʲôˣֻܰһ۳
˼ֱ겻ɢһֱڷhСߡ
Լܶˣһﻹǵ߷磬÷hСҵŴγ־޴ա
ޱ㣬鷳¾籾Ҫһh˵ŽޱƳţҪͳһ¡
ޱֻε뿪˾籾ǰһĻϵľ籾ڵϡ
ΪhȻͳˣ
hС㣡ޱصѵ
hĺͳֿˣޱ㣬治˼㿴ˣеƲסԼ
ޱʱЦãƲסԼ
ǳǣһŮ˵
hС㣬һȥĻҵҪȫˣޱǳĵ
ޱ㣬֪Ҳ֪ҵľġhһ˫֮УǼᶨ֮ɫ
ʲôҲû˵ֱӽޱľ籾˹
Ȼͷhһ𷭿
ޱֻεٴ˳ȥ
һͷhСദˣ϶ʶ˵Ĳࡣ
ҶޱѾ֪½ҲҪϷ
ZԺ½λǶڣųԼĶλ
֮Ǵô˴ηh󣬱Ͼhղŵô׵ͳֵúܡ
˶ޱź󣬿ʼعȥˡ
ͷhܿ쿴˾籾
籾Ĺڳͨǳ·šս2ģûʲô⡣
зhZԵûʲôܽӴϷݣǣֶûС
óһЩ




977¡ȡ
 

hľ͹˾֪÷hҡǮġ
ԴӦ˷hĸҪ󣬲÷hкԵϷݡ
ZԵľ͹˾ϰҲͬˣ뵽h
Ȼ֪ĵӰǿԸľ籾ģȨǳĵݺݡ
ľ籾Zһ仰顣
ԵʱҪǵһ㡣
óǣ½ȻҲ˵ӰһݲֲӵĶӳ
Ȼλϵ½٣뿿ӰһѲӳ񫡣
ʵ½ʵκһֱ˵ӳˡ
ZݵǣҲһֱɫ͡ս2еҲڲﷸ˴󱻿ˡ
ȻΪӳ½治ǰӣZԺչһϵо飬ڼŮǷh
Ӱžô顣
ԼһĵŮҽh¶ԳЦϷУҪСҽҽء
ðҾʹһ׶ʾһ¡ааһЦhȥ
ɫǣҪҶhЦŶ㿪ˡ
ЦҽԼ˵ģӣ
Ϣһ£ֱĶޱˡ
ʱޱɫǳΣҲУѷhҲûãֻĬĬվš
ͷhޱͣ֡
hС㣬ʽҪʼˣȥ
ðǳȥɣh˵žҪ߳š
ޱѵhС㣬ҸողŰ㴦ùأҪǴȥĻ
Һͳǩ˺ͬͬ涨뿪֮⣬Ҳû취hϹȻЦ⡣
öޱˡ
ͬͷhһͬ߳Ϣҡ
ÿĿʽˮʦ÷λǸλո
ƬĿյѾһ㡣
ʱZԡ½ͶҲˡ
Ƭһͷhվһȫһ¡
ôZŭӳʵ
һƣϻûףǳӰ
ô
ЦЦĻӦZ
½۵һ˿ɫԩ·խ
ҲãѰ˼ô
û뵽Լˣ
ѾƸҵڣȫ̸һϷҵһ㡣hĿڡ
Zһ¡
hȻڣ
žǳݣͷhܽӴ
ZԴϷУѷhݵֵġ
гѲĵݣɾ鷳ˡ
ʱ֣ʾվһ׼ʽ
һͬ񣬿ʽڷˮ£Բ
ڷhߣֻhʵݣ쿪ʼĵһϷ𣿡
С㣬첻ϷĻشǵĵһϷҪȥȡվҪϷɻ⼸Ҷȥ׼һ£ݶȥǱһ¡
ʲôȥȡҪȥһ£ݣͬ;籾϶û˵Ҫȥްޱɵ
Ҳ΢΢üͷ
ȻҪս2Чµˡ
ս2ȥȡҲҪȥȡ
ĳЦ
ʵӰĿڱѾȵףҲںˡ
ս2ܴ׬ƾʲôhZԺͲֱ½ϣܴ׬
ܼٵЦĵӰ׷ʵЩõӰҪ٣ҪȥȡҲҺͶʷһµľ
Ǻͬûй涨÷hСȥޣǲȥޱܼᶨ˵
Ѿ漰ߣǲòġ
ʱе㲻ˣεӰСѾǩ˶ԶЭ飬ȥȡĳʵµӰƱﲻԤڣʱСҪ⼸ڣǿҪˣ
вԵĻöޱɫʱˡ
ؼĵ㣬ǷhĸǩµǷݺͬͶԶЭ顣
ľ沢Ƶġ
˵ӰƱ룬ôhҾҪƲˣ
Ƿ̫ΣˣȥһµĻѱʲô¹ʣҲҪޱͼΪhȡȨ档
û񿪿ڣZԼмС㲻˱СӼȻҵС㱣ڣѵû±Сȥȡ
ޱ㲻˵ˣȥǡhֱӴӦ
ǲȥ޵ģгߣֲһˡ
hӦZԺ½һۣһЦ
˷ޣСӿɾûлɽˣʱô涼У
СȻˬ죬ǴҸԻȥ׼ɣZ˵ţĺȻ½ﳤȥ




978¡û
 

ޱ㣬鷳һ³ĳ򡣡hޱ˵
ޱԥһ£ͷ
ܷԳhڵġ
ڿҪõҲֻʱԳ
ʽ󣬳ͷh𣬻صƵꡣ
յƵſڣͽӵ־ĵ绰
ǰˣסߴݻ־ʵ
˾Ƶ֣Ȼ΢΢ķʵǽ͵ǣ
ǵģΪֲӴ䡣
Ǿ͹Ƶɡ
־ͨ绰þƵԱ׼ʢľϯ
˴ǰǲμӱ䣬϶ȫԱ룬ʮһ
׼þϯ֮󣬹СʱƵſͣºüһ׳꣬ѾƵ˶ˡ
ôı磿
˸𾪵ǣЩȥݲı磬ڴͷһλӴ쵼£ˢˢĶſվŵĳ
ã
̹ܽٺã
ƵķԱǶһĻ𺳵Ŀɿڴ
ƽƽ棬ҲǮӸ磬סǼƵʱ򣬷ԱǶڲ²ݡ
Ϊһλ͵ĸү
˭벻ȻЩ̹ܽ٣
ʵ̫˼ˣ
ɣͣЦ÷ǳС
ֱദһ£ڽӶŵжͬǶ˺ֵܡ
ͣǶ಻˼־ʱһǸȻ
Цô벻ǲǣ
ң־ʵʵĴȻֱһ֣ȥɣ̹ܽͣ
лл̹ܽ٣ʮֱϲɫһӵ롣
Ƶ󣬳־Ƚ̹١֣һ
ֱһ
뼴μӲӴ䣬ԲܺȾơ
һ߳Բˣһ߳ġ
Ҫǳѯһ־ѵ
һȵԱ֪ǵʵ϶гˣ
ȫֲӴ䣬ûģЦʵ
У
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ҲǴ˴ܹȡõһ˵־̹ܽ٣α䣬ܹжֲ֧Ӳμӣ
жʮ֧ÿ֧ʮˡ־Ѹٴ
˵ͷ
ĵֲԽԽ׳ˡ
ǰֻвʮ֧Ѿչһˣϲɺء
룬ǹ𻡶ȣα䣬Ҫ㡣
̹ܽ٣ʲôϵɽ»ҲҪɣű֤
΢΢һЦϵɽ»ôţҵҪҲͣǲֹҪǿĶֲҪʮ֧飡
֮ǰ˽ֲӱĿ
һսʱʮֲ֧ӽһĿꡣ
ֱĿܿŶ
Ϊӳһʧ󣬾ͻ⵽֧Χ
ÿֲ֧ӵʵ࣬ΧĻԻʧܡ
ҪŶսУܼеĶ飬Ѷȸڵ졣
һ䣬һ
Ҫȷʵ߰
ôˣû𣿡Ц⡣
ԼǷǳĵġ
ֱƵĻشʱֱҪǿΡ
ÿԱͲֱɱġ
ģ֣ʮŵĿˡ
ʱʵͻͽ
ҪһʮţҲ塣
Ҳģ
񻢡ǡҺҲˡ
Ȼ̹ܽҪǾǷǳܹɣ
־ͼĽ̹٣е㡣
˴α䣬־Ҫܲõһ
ȻҪһʮš
̫̬ˣ
ֲӿɲĹӶ˾ʵǿޱȡ
һʮʵսиɡ
Ҳǵһ㣬ֻڱУƴһл
ڶ£иֱ½ģǵʱصһζ˵
񻢵һˡ
Ȼ½ĵ˳
ôǾͲˣ
̹ܽٷģǻǸ½úøһ£ʵ˵һĨɫ
˴α䣬ȥۿɣ־ʳһҶĵ⡣
ΪڳѾж̹ܽٵְλˣǲȥġ
ԱǶϣֳ̹ܽϴˢ׵ĳ裬ûĵһֲӵı
̹ܽ٣һҪȥҪֳս񻢿
ǰҪȥĻǵս˲䱩һ
ҺĻѴҶЦˡ
ãҵʱһȥġ
ӦԱȫ




979¡񻢵
 

ˣӱǲֻһ죿Ҫȥһ˷ޡ־ѯʵ
־˵ֻһ죬Ҫȥ𣿡
֣ҲܺĿų׳ΪʲôҪܵȥ
ǵģҪhȥϷȡ˵ţӰĵ飬򵥽һ顣
ԱǶĽܺʹǷhܽӴ
ͬʱҲܲ½棬һϵӵļһȻҪڵӰﵣβӳĽɫ
̫޳ˣ
ʱΪӲĿ񻢣ͻȻֱʹ֮ɫ
ôˣеʵ
̹ܽ٣ǰһûʱһȥִǱһֵܣ˵˵
ԣɫ֣ʲôɱģ
ܹɱֱ϶һɫ
ǱûʲôǿԳеܾ档
ǵصһǷװ֯ŽСʳߡ֯޵ҧгݡ
־˵֯Ҳ˵˵ǷǱĿֲ֯ˣװ
˵ͷֲÿ񻢵ֵܻڡʳߡϡ
̹ܽ٣ҵֵǱʳߡһӢͷĿӡɱģ˷ӵĻֵܱ𣿡񻢺۾
ԥӦĻԻֵܱѩޣ
ʵôصȥңҪϺӵĸʷǳͣ
Ϳ񻢶֪ʵֻҪһ˿ϣбĿܡ
ˣҳȥ׼飬ų̹ܽϢ־վԴ֣Ȼ𾴵ĶԳ˵ȥĻ׼ˡ
𣬰ͳƵſڡ
ļ죬ûʲô飬ڼ䶡ޱ˰õĻգóһҪ׼ʱ
ܿ쵽һ峿绰˵Ҫӳȥۿ䡣
Ӧ룬ĳƵſں󣬳ȥǰĿĵء
Ϊαֵ죬Դ󲿷ֱĿڲС
غ󣬳һӶֱУϵȺ
ʮֲ֧Ѿˡ
ҲС
仹δʼųش¥һд
վʮŸ߼װϢľơ
Щ˾Ǹֲӵ̹ܽ٣־
һ˽Щ̹ܽһȻ¶֮ɫ
ѾϴƵ˵ϳ̹ܽ٣
ŴҶʶ̹ܽ٣ҾͲˡЦǺǵĵ
һڽ̹ٶԳǺ𾴵ģϾʮ߼ҹӶ
˶׷׶ԳкһһӦ
ǽصˡ
̹ܽٶԼĶģ
ȻֺǿǲΪѵ룬Ҳ
Ĳ֡
̹ܽ٣α䣬ǲõһˣһϳŰ̺۵̹ٿڵ
ǰ̹ܽٵĲѾõһʵǿ궼ֻڶ
Ҳ׺ð
٩־һ
䣬Ⱥ̹ܽǰ̧ͷ
ڲһˡ
Ѿɱ䣡
ȻĹͣΣضܹͷ
뵽־治ɫ˵ԣʿյĿ࿴ɱС룡
ðսǿ϶СģȵսĿսǵֱרɼܣûɣ
˵̹ܽٿȥԭ̹ܽپǷǳս̹ܽ١
ȻûսǳԿ־ʮĻӦ
Ѿ˸Ҫʮֲ֧ӣսǿ϶ҲҪһݡ
̹ܽǼ־ô㣬ȻÿǰսǶˣʵȷʵвС
˵ܿǸλ֣ǲҪԳвˡ΢Ц˵
̹ܽ˶ʱһЦ죬װǫ飬ʵôܱȵϣ
ǰȻǱȲϵģڵ룬ɳ̹ܽѵʵȰֱӿˡ
̹ܽˣĶܲ
Ȼ֪ʦϾִֻһʱ䡣
һ̳ܽʲô
ҲǴ˲꣬òֲӱһ
ڼô룬Щ̹ܽٷţ·ԸǵĶ飬лúýһ
׼ȥУʱͻȻ߽ˣһλۻ룬֮ࡣ
ֽ
̹ܽǶʱɫ֮
΢΢һݣݷͬѰܿǻĲĴ쵼
̹ܽǰʺλֽֽѽĿƵϡ
ǳ




980¡˾
 

ûҾǡĿƽֽĴ
̹ܽǶףΪʲôֽרźͳ˵ѵܷʲô󲻳ɣ
Ϊֽı࣬˶ⷽ롣
־ﶼе㷲ˡ
Ż᲻֮ǰܾΣֽˡ
ֽܿ¶һĨЦ⣬֡
ֽ֡
˾ţϧΪ˵ðֽ͡ϧ˵
ֵһĻ̹ܽĶĽ
Ƕֽٴˣɴûкֽ֡յνĴ
˴ҸӲˣǾͲԼֲӣȲѵһµ롣
ͳֽ̹֮ܽ˵׼ɡ
ǣֽ
һͬߵش¥͹һƽ̨ϣӸ¿УһӶ˲ֱ
ϵıĿ̫Ȥֻվ̹ܽǵУϵֱûôע⵽
һٲе俪ʼˡ
УϱĿҪǿܱ񶷱ȵȡ
ЩĿУֱɳĴȡĳɼ
ǰεͷҲǰס
ϵĿֱܻ֮־͵˵һսǵʵֲӣ
̹ܽǲСˡ
һ겻ȻۿɼĽ
־ѾЦݣԺֵĿ̹ܽ١
ֽٴγ˳
ǳ費Ԥ֮С
̹ܽٵȻŶĿҶѹˣһ̹ܽ˵
սǵ̹ܽٺٺһЦȷʵĶţϵıԶСƣǾʤʱ̣ŶĿսһҪõһ
ԣŰЦЦȷƺܴ󣬵Ҳ˵Ҷлᣬ綼Ͱɣ
仰ǿףǳе
̨ϣ׵Ķ̹ܽ٣Ŷڵġ
ΪŶĿռݴ˴αٷ֮ʮĻ֡
ͺԾһĸСĿͬѡ⡢⡣
ŶĿѧ⡣
Сúãһȡø߷֡
ˣҶȥʵսɡֽһ£̹ܽǷ׷¥
һӶֱѾϳֽ˵ʵսȥ
ĳ·Ͽʵ̹ܽ٣ʵսʲô˼
ǸֱʵսѵĵطʵսǸָӵΣɽ֡ءѨصȵȣлһСռؼ㣬ǳʺֱѵ
ԭˣǴ˴ŶĿıʲôȤʵ
ĵĽ͵˴ŶĿõǹеĴɱģʽ
ɱģʽѵ֡Ӻˡ
Ц˵û̹ܽٿ϶˵ɣŶǲ͵ģʽ
ǻĲӻʱе档
û뵽˴ֲӴ䣬Ȼ˳ԼϷˣ
һǸ͵ľ
Ϊܹжʮ֧ÿ֧ʮֱܹһǧˡ
Ҳǧ˾
Ŀĵ֮󣬳̹ܽǽһͼңһ޴ĻֳһСĻ
ЩСĻϣԿʵսĸ䡣
һɨȻʵսǳŸָĵΡ
һĻϣʾʮֲ֧ӣһɻܵϵš
Ⱦٲ´֮롢սǵֲɵĵϴ;
ܹļֱܾʮֱܵɣʵսϳ߷С
ͨأע⵽ϵ֣񻢵ˣڶϴŵһʾ
ʾϣһʵսĵͼ
֣Ϳ񻢶ǶӳҪʵսĸطɡ䡣
ʱѾвٶ鿪ʼɡˡ
ЩֱֻͨװûдºͷͷǳֿȭҲûκ
ڣļܷɻϵֲӣȫɡʵսĸƮ䡣
ֽ԰һť
ţʵսͼϣһ޴ԲȦ֮ʵս˽ȥ
ǾϷνˢȦ
ֽµǸťŵϵͳˢȦģֻֽһ˲ٿذť֤Ĺƽ
޴ԲȦڲζŵﰲȫⲿ̭
ΪʵսϷеĵͼҪö࣬ҲϷʮԵһȦڶȦˢʱ䣬һСʱøгʱռʡ
ص㣬һȦһȦˢʱ䣬ȻСʱ
ʱ䣬Ҳ˵Ȧˢ³͵ϰ˵㡣




981¡һ
 

˵ˣŶĿıʱô̹ܽһ۵Ľ
ϰ˵㣬ȦһʤʱɫѺڣԿ֧ҹս
Լʱ䣬жȫڵأʼʡ
Կʼǰ̹Ǿʿʵսĸطźǹеҩ¡ͷȵȾʡ
Щǹеҩʵǹʵ
ǲû¾ÿƼļⵯ
ǹ߲ǹʹּⵯһҪкװǹʱһᷢװ
ǿǹȥ˺ǻᱻÿֱϴʾӦ
ʾһֵÿθӦеͻ۳һЩֵ
֫е۳ֵȽ٣ͷȹؼλе۳ٷ֮ʮϵֵ
һֱѹεºͷеʱ۳ֵ١
ǷºͷҲ;öȵģⵯɨ䵽Ļºͷ;ֵҲ۳
۹֮󣬷ºͷ൱ڷˣ޷ٱ塣
һֱֵ۹Ļζṷ֣̋ټҲΪκθ鶼ᱻΪΥ̭
㽲Щ򣬳ɵøֱ̾ʵսѵ淽㣬ƼѾȽĵز
ʱ̹ܽǶȫעĶһĻԼ㡣
ʵսһȦסռ˴ͼ֮ʵսķСռе߷֮һ
鶼ɡС
СҲḻģطķݣǹеѷ
Ĳ̹ܽٵսǣ֧˵ǿĶ飬ڷС䡣
СҲǳ֮ûչս
ڸԵķΧʡ
£ֻڷС
Ҳ˵Сֲܹ֧ӡ
ʱпܷս
̹֮ܽ⣬֧̹ܽ٣еˡ
ǲôͺͲսһܴܿ򲻹ҲԻʧء
ڱŸոտʼһȦʧսĻͼûʤԣùھˡ
ۿСｵ֧飬ֽҲעŵС
ȵķֻ֣ǿĲսǶСĽʣֳڱ䡣
ȴȫһ
ʮֱȫĴڣڵСĸַ¥һ㶼Ĺ
ȻǶԼʵǳţ
䵥ֱܿķΧԵ
ҪϵĻ϶ҪԷ̭ˣ
ֱȴֵ÷ǳ󵨣ֽٴζǹĿ࿴
̹ܽٵŰô൥ģһҪҵڱˣһ̹ܽٿڵ
һȦȫͼûзսֲӵ̹ܽһ˵˵Ŀע⵽һСĻϡ
ȻһֱڱĸС¥ⶰС¥ϣٹȥĻҪˣ
̹ܽǿһĻжֱ̭֣
Ϊڱһߡ
ֱʵǶӳ̫ġ
һûʤ㣡
̹ܽۼǸֱ¥Ҫڱڵ¥ʱ¶Ц⡣
û뵽ɾõһֱֱ֣ͷ
̹ܽҲģԼĶû뵱ھеϧˡ
Ļ֣ðײá
־Ҫ̭һֱˡ
Ϊ˴ܰεͷû뵽Ҫͳһ֡
ȺСӾ̹ܽٵѵʵ̬ҲýˣʾȻ˴⣡
ֻг΢Цһ㶼̭һֱ
Ļֱϵãóƺ;ѻǡ
ʱǵľñѾѹεʡ
ֻ̰ĲķΧȥ
ڶ̹ܽٿǷǳ̰޴
ۿĻڽֱ¥㡣
߶˶ԷĽŲսһ
ֳһM16A4¥̽ȥ
ֱѰСսڶ¥ֻͻ֡
Ȼһ̣һ
˲¥ðããһƬ
Ѹײڶٶȳ¥ǿʣǺͨλֱ֪λá
أ
һȻֵľ
ţ˵ֵ۹⣬̭ˣ
Ļǰ̹Ƕɴ۾ʧȻ󿴵ǷǳĻ档




982¡ûֵ췽ʽ
 

ֻСĶ¥Ƿǳɵվţֱǰڵأϵ⣬һɥ
һ⣬ǾͲٶǽκιˡ
ֻǷǳΪԼûǹͱѸ̭ˣֻΪһ
Ե̹ܽĻǰÿ
ֱ¥ٶ죬̶ͽսǳĵ
̹ܽٲΪӦ죬ֻĹͰˣҶֱɲᱻ̭
òͻȻڣǹһȡ
Щ̹ܽ٣Ǹղ˲ֱ̭Ӧô̬ʡ
һĹ͡
ı飬̹ܽе㲻ˬֲ̭ҵˣʲôõģ
ƺսǿ̹ܽٸˡ
̹ܽ٣˼ǣҪսǸɼܣ
⻰ƺ֮ǰ̹ܽ˵İɣΣ붼սģҲֹսǡ
̹ܽٿĺܴ󰡣ҪԸսǣҪԸֲӣôõ𣿡̹ܽЦһ
һž޲飺ȥ֪ˡ
Ļʮ̹ܽٶĿδ̫ˣ
ÿֲ֧ӵʵǷǳǿģ˴αһ֧̭һ֧飬Ѿǳѵˣ
ҪͬʱԸ֧ϣǱذɡ
ʮֱǾԴ򲻹һٸֱġ
ͬʱ֧鿪սֻ֧ҪʱɺͿԽ̭
ҲΪʲô̹ǾóĻǳ
̹ܽǵȴǲΪ⣬Ļ
ֱ̭󣬱㺰ѹֹʡ
ʸӳˡ
ǵıװЩʣûмҲûٴγս
һʱ֧鶼ַʣֱһСʱ
ԱոռϣڶȦˢˡ
СһȦ⣬һʮӺҪ̭
񻢺֣λӳѸǰС򸽽ȦڵһɽͷסС·ڡ
С֧飬ض·Ȧĸȥ
ǸɽͷǴûֵĺõط
ʮֱСҵļճٶǴɽͷȥ
ҵĳģʮ˶
һϾռȻˡ
С·ϣ⵽⼸֧ɨ䡣
ֱºͷ;ֵ٣һ̭
ܿ죬ǿռ˿񻢺֣µɽͷ
ҲɽͷǷǳõλͬһʱ򿪹
ȴһֻתһص㿪ȥ
ķӦǳѸ٣ҲǱܹԱ̭Ľ
СĶ飬Ҫˣ
ɽͷϣں׼Ļǰļ̹ٶʱɫ
ǲǵĶ·
ѹεĵҩǳ࣬ںƺ󣬿ʼҵ
ɽһԽҰĻȫǡ
һɨֵ֮𣬼鶼вֱ̭֣
ЩԽҰҲʾ;ֵģɨ䣬۹;ֵԽҰԶͣ
ϵֱȻ˹̶ӣܿ컯ΪĻ֡
ݣҲ̫˰ɣȻͼΪУһ̹ܽٱ˾ֿڡ
ĶҲɨ䣬̭˶ʮֱʧȥһս
̹ܽ٣ս̹ܽٲŵʵ
΢Цͷûѵǲû𣿡
˻һ̹ܽǶˡ
û죬ҲҪǺ
ΪСļ֧飬ûз֮ġ
ûб̭ĶܿҲȥһɽͷж䡣
̶ʱڣͺֻ˳
ЩȫռסɽͷҪĻ
սĺ֧ϸ
̹ܽǶţ̫ˣ
ȻûֺܲڶȦ̭ϲȥ̭Ļ֣ԶԶõһģ
̹ܽ٣սҪʵսУַǳص̹̺ܽһ˿м
սȻҲǴСģṷ̂ʵú
սѾռסһɽͷܿͿԴֱõٻ֡
̹ܽٶų뿴ԼԼ޴սȫûʲô顣
̹ܽҲЦЦĿ
ǱŴ֮ɫ̹ܽ٣ǲˣʮ߼ҹӶţҲͬʱԸ顣




983¡
 

ֲӣǹӶɱȵģ̹ܽ٣⻰Ͳˣ̹ܽɫʱ
⼸սǵӰսÿжǰ̹ܽٿ˵Ǵ⡣
û뵽ȴһٶĿᡣ
̲סˡ
̹ܽҲԳ
Ͼղ˵Ļ˼ͰǵĶ鿴ɺ͹Ӷࡣ
˵úͬʱԸֲ֧Ƶġ
⻰˭
˵ص㣬൱ˡ
ˣСԣиλעưɡʱֽڣ˶ྲ
̹ܽĵ׶ͲǵĶ˲串
˵ŭˡ
Ȼں
ΪбʵΪǿΪ
ʵУҲʮŵ˵Щ
˶עŻشĻʱ˾һĻˡ
ֱֻ֧Ļ֯£Ȼûһ˱̭
ʵڲ˼ˣ
֮ȣֱ֧ϱУ̭֡
ĵҩһֱܳ㣬֧ĵҩѾĵһˣ
ȥ˵Χ룬Ҫһɹ
սǺ֧Ķӳܿ
ܸȥˣ
Ǳɡ
֧׷״ɽͷȦĿȥ
ЩԽҰ;ֵɨ²ֱֻͽǰС
ЩͽֱֳĻ֡
ⳡһɽͷս֮Уȫʤ
̹ܽɫǳÿ
սҲ̭ʮֱʵ
ʼûһ̭
̹ܽڲСˡ
ǳ̹ܽѵ룬һõô֣αǲҪóһˣ̾һ䡣
ѹ˲
һÿ궼ҪסһѹôǿĶ֣Ѿûˡ
ߣռ˸λãҪǻսǸɽͷһһ壡̹ܽٲ˵
⻰һڣ̹ܽǶÿΪе
ǸɽͷȷʵǸѵλãʯͷľ塣
Сɽͷְ١
֧򲻹Ҳ˵ùȥ
ۿڸɽͷɻֱ̭ʣ̹ܽǶеۺ졣
αʣ˵ǱȽѷģԸ֧ĿԸǿ
жʶȽѷ£ȴ⿪ɨ䡣
û־ͱ׺ܶˣ
սʺֱֱϳȦĿȥ
󲿷ֶ黹ȦڵĸصʣȦֻм֧顣
ʵ롢ʵ˵սǡ
ڱ̭ʮֱսǲȡսûеʣҲ齻սˣǶڷȴȫˢ¡
Ͳһˣȡǳ󵨿ŵĽս
ֳɼС飬ռݰȫĵļƸߵ㣬ĶԶӶ֡
ʵǳǿĲ֣
ĻҪ룬ֻһܣǾǶñŶĵһõ֡
ʱһһĹȥĸȦˢ£ȫѾһǳСķΧڡ
ȦıԵж齻ˣ
ΪƸߵ㡢壬һ֧֧չս
УĽΪҡ
Ϊõĵص㼸ֱռˣ
ľȦˢ붼ڰȫڡ
֪벻ǣһܡ
ֱÿСֻ߰˸ˣ಻ʮˣĻǰٰ̹ܽЦ
ķֱս̫Դˣ
Ϊֱʵ͹ĹӶһɣ
һԶ࿪ľٶܵУڻֱԻᱻƣ
̹ܽģǶҲġ
ֲ֧ӣʼһС鷢
УսΪ˽밲ȫǰ״һСҿ
ɳԽҰǸСڵ巿ݳȥ
úãҪɣ̹ܽٱ˷
һΣԼĶܴӮ룡
Ͼʮ˴򼸸ˣܻܲ򲻹
Ȼ̹ܽ𾪵ǣսǻ򲻹ֻм˵С飡
Ϊʵ̫׼ˣ
ǹǹͷ
ȻǳƻشĹ͡
شǿֱĸʣӾÿһԱǹ֣
һӺսǵĳʧˣ
ȫսֱ̭֡
̹ܽٿɵˣΪʲôͻȻôͣ
Ȼصסݵ㣡
̹ܽҲ̹ܽһ𾪡ţȻǾɥʧɫѿ
ǵĶ鶼ڷб̭ˡ
ֽйڣ
ˣʵ̫ˣ
Ȼһʱ䣬ͽ̳ǿֲӣ




984¡ս
 

μҽոٶ̭֡
ҲǲμŶĿһǧֱУһ˱̭
ɶʮϵĶ飬ΪĻ֡
һǳ̬ļ¼
ŶĿ̭Ĳ߼¼Ҳʮ˱Ƶֲӡ
ȴԶԶ
һ֤ʵѾˡ
ȻĻᣬǾֻ룬Ŷһ
ֲпܷ
ڲҲⲨУջ˲̭֣˻лᡣ
Ȧĳ½һĿŸݵֱո֡
Ҳμֲӱ䣬ûô͵Ķ顣
ǰɶ׵ģ½û롣
ӶսƵûпҲ֪̹ܽ١
ӳ˴󼸰ٻ֣ǾõһܻҲһ밡½ɫǵĿһֱ
ֱǲӳһҲ˽һٻ֣ھȦʣ֧飬ȻǺ룬鶼̭ˣûƣǽЩȫ̭뻹ٻ֣һĻ֣㹻ˣ
ôͣǡ½һҲûС
˻һĲֱȫ½档
ʵе½ġ
ϾǿΪ𣬶½洿ϵȻء
ֻ½ǾǴ٣ﱳӲ˲Աֱϱֳġ
½棬ҪǺµĻսͲˡӳȴһ㶼
ֻõһ½ǶϺȵǸȻܲ
ӳĻҲ½úܲˬǰֱûһ˸˵
ӳ˵ģҾʹں󷽣ǻڻ½ɲͱô͵潻ս
½棬Уӳŭ۲ս֡
ʱݵֱѾཫ밲ȫոˡ
Ϊ˻øĻ֣֣Ϳ񻢵£ֱļС飬ʣ¼֧ľݵ㣬˹
һĻӳ޷ٱˣȥĻԽԽ࣬Լ٣˳֮£Ҳûлڡ
Ҳȥӳһ£ȫԱֳɼСݵ㹥ȥ
Ȼ󵨣ֱսҲǺܱصġ
ÿ鶼ٷʮϣÿֻмˡ
һֳ飬½֮ȫˡ
ľݵ㣬ҲζŲչ潻
Ļǰڿʼ
ʣ¼֧̹ܽ٣ое㶪ˡ
ΪǵĶ飬˲֮⣬޵ֿ֮
֣񻢡ǺͻҺɵС飬ϲӳӵС飬ҲǿĲС飬ܹʮֱ
Ķʮʤ㡣
࣬üͷչԲӳǷǳεġ
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ݵһͷֿ⣬ʱֿ˾ҵǹ
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ߵӵֶдˡ
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Ĳӳ˳ޱȵĵǻаˣֻĸˣʤΪ㣬ȷҪⲫ
ȻǾӮǾһЦȻŲӳ˹ȥ
֣ǺͻҺҲһͬ
һʴ̼ͽָ񶷣ڲֿݣ
ߣÿ˶һжһսռϷ磡
ܣôһĻǰ̹ܽپˡ
֮ǰӵԱ̹ܽٻ뵥սжǿ
ͽָ񶷣ûκˮֺȡˣ
ȻһжùǿĲֱ
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˵һжһ붼ܻʤ
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ӳԱȫ̭ҲȫȻʧˣձһȭ̵ϵ⡣
̭ˣ
񻢣һ겻㾹ȻɳΪǿӳķڷ
ҿɲԳǿλֵ֣ʵһȻʵǣȫǳ̹ܽٵĹͣʮԺ˵




985¡ص
 

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ԭԱ˵λ̹ܽٱǵ̹ܽ٣书ߣǺܲġ
λ̹ܽ٣ֻһʱѵȫ룬ʵǿô࣬ǲҪǿһΡ
ӳܲķڷ
ˣǲǸ½أ֣ʵ
ûǳķԸڴ˴αҪصһ½档
ӳ΢΢һ㶣Ҫʲô
Ǻǣһǳ̹ܽ٣㶮ģҺϸζЦ⡣
ӳȻ֪½ô̹ܽٵģǲܾѶ֪½λҲӰ첻ʲô
˵½ҪڡӰﵣβӳĽɫ
Ҳλӳ
ȻӳĲˬԼõ½档
ֱ½֣ӳﷴһ˿С
ԭȵǸݵ棡
ãǹȥ֣˵ţͿ񻢡ǡҺԽҰ֮ǰӳڵľݵ㡣
ʱ֣Ƿһˡ
̹ܽǣ֣ΪʲôȦԵȥ
ΪһȦѾСˡ
ջһ㣬Ȧͨͨᱻ̭
ԱжþȦֹͣСֱʤ
ʱȫ鶼̭ˣȦڳ
˵ĳֱûб̭
˾½棡
˿½ſڲݵԲȦСķǰӿȥʮ
ﻹһ½Ҵٵ磿
Ϊ½̹ܽ٣㿴Ŷˡ
ĻַǳߣѾȲʤȯ
½滹ɵɵأԲȦϣһ˻ʤջֲǱȲ롣
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ڵҹԸӵΣҪҳһ˲Ǻ׵¡
ԲȦѸСԴжϳʣµһ֣СԲȦڲ
֣Ϳ񻢴ӣܿ쿴һӰڲݵţһ
ҵˣ۾һȥ½
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Ҳϣܺһڲӡ
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ֽʱź֮ɫ
ֻҪ룬ʱԸ¡




986¡ε½
 

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ֻҪҪ»ص뵣̹ܽ٣ӦΣֽΪá
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֪ĳŵֵǲɹģ
㣬¶ûг㱻ֽء
ȻȴΪ̹ܽǶЩˡ
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սǵ̹ܽٶ˶Գ֮ġ
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ֽ軪ĵһֲӵĽ¡
Աǿļöˡ
ͳ̹ܽһףʱȴֳȥصƵꡣ
־ڵľƵ꣬ͳһ𣬿칦硣
Ҳˡ
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칦ֱǵڶҪػأܲĺͳ
ǰٴοȥʳߡľӢͷĿӵĻϣֵܱܰ
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ڶһ磬ǹʻ
ʱ򣬳֡鼸˶ˣڵȴࡣ
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ʹڻhҲ±˿ϳȻһȺ˿Ҫǩ
ԱǣhԳôУ㶼Ľѡ
ǿǱޱѹϷ֮⣬ƽʱܺͷhӴΪǾ͹˾Ĺ涨
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ߵhߣһƵĿ
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ټĺ棬ȴûһ˹ZҪǩա
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Z˵½Ӹоˡ
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뵽Գݣ϶֪Ҳ԰һЩ
֪αõһģǲɡЦЦĿڡ
һ̣½ͻȻһ
ô֪ģ
½һʣҶòԾˡ
ѵ˵ǵһȻģ
㲻ùôֻ֪˵û±ҴţȣţҲҪXģм˵
⻰ߵķh΢΢һ죬̲ס˳һǡ
Ȼ˵ŵĻǸСå
㣡½Щ仰ըˣ˸һƬɡ
СӾ֪ٹֲӵ飿Ϊʲô֪Щ
Σ½زҴţˡ
ΪֲӱܿͻѸټȥʱţƤʹˡ
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Z仰˵ڣͷ
½ʱɫסˣûӵ٣ôòԹɫأ




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½ҪҲǣҲǣӲıһ仰ҪǲһֱõһԽóһı
ԭˣ˻Ȼ
õһ̫ˣ޵̫įȥĻֲ̫ӵĶ־˰
ȴЦ
ȵʱְ񹫲½ţƤʹˡ
Ȳֻ֣Ҫڣ֪϶ǲóģʵ̫̬
ˣҿǻɣɻˣһ˿ʼ½ǻ
ηȡ֮ã顷Լȥ˽ˣ˹ԱҪԱ⣬ȥһס
˲һܷɻŹλ
ݺͼλȻͷȲա
òյģhԳΪóλû˸ҷԡ
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ڳΧ۵Ļ˸жѡ
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988¡۾籾
 

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ǰ½Ĳֱʲôڵֶ
Сȷʵе˷Ǯˣ
ڷֶĵطǻֱã˭һСڰ
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ղ˵λˣֻҪκˣͿ˰ɣɫݶ
仰Ժ¶֮ɫҽ
Ҳǳ죬ǺͻԺһһҽӡ
ԺͿǵװԼҽԴ˺ƭӦİɣ
ϵԺţҲ˵ϻȡЯ롣
ٶ˸Ӿˡ
ҽĻ˴һϵġ
Ժǲ̫š
סһ룬ڻԺǰ϶ַ
֮䣬ԺиּɫʣǡʧĻĹСʲôţ
˵ʮɣ΢΢һЦ
ûǹʮ룡ԺҲüû뵽Ȼùҽɵʧѵǣ
Ժȱ˭ֻ㣬òҽȥβƽĻӦ
ȻԣʶһĹʮ룡
ԺԳ̬ȫȻˣ
ȻֻǼ򵥵¶һ֣Ժѧҽܶ໪ĹĲƪойʮ롣
һ¾ϳַ
Ժ˶˽ȥ
ʿ˵Ⱥκ쵼ˣ˲
˸ųȥʱ򣬻̫ġ
˭뵽óȻһ£Ժ͸ı̬ȡͬǽȥˡ
ZԺ½һۣ˶֪Է˵ʲô
֪ҽ϶ͻйϵ
hܿģټľûܽҽԺ̧½ҲУȴˡ
Ȼ⻹þ˶ԳĿ࿴Ͼղһ̫ˡ
ǶɻԺǲǱƭˡ
ܿ죬ŻԺҽԺõĲ
Ժֻóһ˽˶š
߽󣬳мʿ⼸ʿȫһ֮ɫ
ýţҽԺæ͵
ߵǰһˣϰűڰС
һϵʣڿһݱֽע⵽߹üͷʵԺô˸ôĻҽ
ͲУλҽҽǳˡԺ˵
΢΢һݡ
ԭ˾ְȻôߣֲܴôʿ
Ժȷûɱҵ˷ǳ࣬ǻҲһЩɱ֡Ͳĵʵ
ԺæЦû⣬λǻѾ¶һˣ
ǾٱݿͲϬס
鷳ʩչһԺԳ˵
á
ȡ룬Ժֱ䣬ַ߳տİͲ¶֮ɫ
δմԺٴȷϳʩչǹʮ룬ԳӾˡ
ҽг
ˣȻԺû⣬ǾˡͲ
ǺλԺġ
µʿˣҽԺơ
ͲԼҲܷĵסԺ
Ժͷ⿪Ͳϵı¶СȺֻһ˿ڣ˸Ⱦȥе㴥Ŀġ
ͲУȾ˷еһϸзȻϸǳ鷳ҽԺûƥѪ壬˲ܼ֡ԺһԽ͵
Ͳų۾ʵκõĻʲôҪ󾡹ᣬάܰκ顣
ȻΡܿƷ
˶άҽԺ˵ܼ֣˵ǳ򵥡
ֻҪɱ˿ϸˡ
Ȼ͸ͫ۲˿ڡ
ҲΪʲôԳ˵ܼ򵥣ͨҽ˵ȴ޷쵽
ܿ죬ȡ룬Ͳ˿ڱԵλȻ
һͲ˿ڸȾۿɼٶȼʧˡ
ðͲͻԺ˼֮ɫ
˸ûԺ֣Ϊҽû䡣
ȴۿҽɵĵˣ
ҳôᡣ
ҽϣˣ
˹룬Ա׼õˮϴ֮·Żס
ĵСҽҽ̫ˣҪƸ㵱ǹҵľҽͲʮָ˵˵
һڷûȤ
ʱͲСһ¡
ΪάʵȨУͲƿ˵ɱȨû˸Ҿܾ




991¡hݼ
 

ϾΪͲκˣ˰ͲûзתʵҸղ˵԰κ飬ʲôҪ󣿡
ܼ򵥣Ǿ׼ҽԺһӰƬΣֻͬˡ˵
Ͳû뵽Ҫ
Ҫ̫ˣСֵܣѵûҪ𣿡ͲΪֲǮƵˡ
㣬֪֪ʳߡͺӣ
ʳߣͲʱ¶֮ɫҪǸװ֯
û֪ڷ𣿡֮ôʣΪ֮ǰ˵ʳߡٲתƸݵأҵǷǳѡ
ͲŻشֻ֪ڸҳֹڲ֪תƵȥˡʳ߳ϲڷС߸ûǱȥǣ
ллѡ֪ʲʲôתȥ
ԺֵİͲᷢŭΪ̬ȻûѰͲƿʵȨУ
Ͳһֽſ
ֻ߳˶۰Ͱ͵Ŀ
Կˡ򵥵һ仰ôҶһ
ǾͿԲñһ޹ȥȡˡ
˵û뵽Ȼôκλˣʲôˡ
ѸٲúƬ͵ߣӰʦ͸λȻhϷҪעĵط
ޱһţֲԾ
ݣ˵һǷhСŮϷΪʲôҲҪһģѵǸ˾籾
ޱʣɫ糣˵hСϾǵһϷ˶ಿӰˣӽһΣԵøȻһЩ
hü΢ڰʾûݼˡ
ȻZԿɲġ
Zݵ÷ǳãȴûκҲû㡣
ŮϷôͻȻӽһ棿
ݣպͬ涨ŮŵϷݲܶŮһţһǷhСڵӰеһγȫͻһˣξ籾ˣΥͬޱ˵
񱻶ޱô˵ɫҲÿˣǵݣǵݣҾ͸һСϷô㲻ҪϷĲãƱ룬ӰĻǷС㣡
㣡ޱð
hޱҪۣڵޱ㣬ˣͰεҪҽԺﻹǿ꣬λ˵Ҫˡ
ͶˣСȻȫ֣ˣĿģ¶Цݡ
һ⡣
ֻгЦ
ŮŻλɹˣ
һϣǰZԺķ䣬Ϊһ̼Ϸ
ֳԱŶϷǷǳĽʵġ
ͻȻеڣûаľٶ¼
Ҫ¼ƵعȥԻ顣
Ӱܳһʱ䣬ö滹ͨԼ壬ҪϷ
˺еǻع⡣
һ׼֮󣬷hȺԱվ籾Ϸ
ξҪhҽģȫԸ˲ˡ
һԱ˵Ѷȷǳߡ
ҷh̨Ҳ٣ǳ̨ʹ
ԭΪh϶ݵú⣬ϷŮȫͷ
hһʼݣ¶ϲ֮ɫ
û뵽λһĵŮǣ質úãݼҲܰ
һγݵӰݵ÷ǳȻ
˲·hһҽ
hλߵıͶ̫λ̫ˡ
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ȫZԿȵġ
ҲȫȫѱѧԺҵݹಿӰĶȥˡ
˿ƬеĹʶ۵hϣǳҫ۶Ŀ
Աɵ뵽hݼĵӰĻܿܳΪĵӰ
ǹŵЦ⣬ŷhıݡ
ʵڸʱڣͿhı츳ˡ
ʱĳhԼСݼƭ
ȻʱֻСµĴΡ
ڷhչԼı츳
츳ǲģҲҪhԼŬϰо籾С
hݵôãҪ鹦Сʱָ
÷hһҽͷ·ɫݡ
ξ֮Ƭҵ
ޱϲѣԭܵķhСˡ
hǳɫɣ
С㣬û뵽ݼôãЩӰˣ񶼲ĵĿ佱
h˳ޣ΢΢һ죬ڵҪлָôһҽ
⻰һ˶˹ȥ
h˵仰Ƕš
ոյõԺϿɣΪҽԺĴˣҶ֪ҽˮƽ϶ܲ
ÿԸhݼָ




992¡в
 

ZԿɫԼķͷȫȥˣ
Ҫľ籾ԼϸͷľС
½Ķųл̺Ųм֮ɫ
ҽʲô˲ģ
ʱ򻹲Ҫݺݵʰ
ҲڿţȥZԺķ䣬ҪϷ
÷hɫӣϷֲĻʱӰӳͺ޴ڸˡ
˸̥ž߳ҽԺ
ͷhһͻȻӦһζĿⶢĺ󱳡
ͷһֻͲУվڶ¥ϣ
֪Լļֵҽѧά˵Ƿǳġ
Щҵʿװͻ
ԳܹܵͲУôҪΪá
뵽һ㣬ʼȻκðͲˣͲʱпǿӲķΪҽ
죬ڽֵһξ顣
صƵ󣬴ҶۣͻطϢ
hгȥ̽־籾
ڽhݵ÷ǳɫޱҲˡ
ģλŮ˷ֳҲǶԷhСһöûС
һֵ̽ӽʮһ㣬ŻصԼķ䡣
߳ʱϴһᣬûгZԺķš
ƺֵܰĴԼķ
˳طɴϢˡ
۾ʱ÷hˡ
ZԣôҷhСʲôޱüëʵ
h䣬ʱ䣬עû˿
λҹʱҷhӵӣ˿Ӱͺܲˡ
С㣬㲻ᣬֻhȥƵĿݺͼλݶšZԹ΢Ц˵
㣬ʲôҪ𣿡ޱǺܾ衣
ZЦЦģʱ켴ľ飬ҪĶһ£hСһۣôıȽϺ
һȡޱZԲ˵ѣ߻ط·h
hԭҪ˯ˣ˵ݺͼô۾飬Ҳ˼ȥ˴Ӧ
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ŮûκӴֻǼ򵥵ʶ̡
籾ȴĳZԻξǣסh֣§h
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С㣬ȱ𼤶ĸĶǾǴһͬġĲ˵
ZʼչŵЦݡ
ʵĶġ
Ϊܺͷh׽оҪľ飬ȻҵҪͬĸĶ
񲻻ӦΪҲhò
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hҲĬ˶ޱľ
ȻܺZڵӰôܵĻ
ܺãǾ˲˵ˣZԺεЦhС㣬һ룬㸸ĸǩµĵӰͬͶԶЭɡ
ҡhZ£ʱķҲѡ
ޱҲZԵĻסˣһʱ䲻֪Ӧ
ZҲ֪hĸǩµĺͬͶԶЭ飬ǷhѨ
˾飬вhӦ籾Ķ
ҿı飬ǺZԺıġ
½ͶȻҲZһ
Ⱥռթļһ
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ʱZּһѻ𣺡hС㣬˳СӵбڣͳôܣҪڹعȥĻúô
ZԣвhС㣡ޱ׵ķŭˡ
h˳бʵֻҪûȦ֣ޱȫԽѹӰ쵽h
ZּĴǸԤǾͲͬˣ
ʱھԻȻ󲨣hҲܵӰ죡




993¡С
 

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ܾľ籾ػģʱ򲻵Ҫ⳥ӰʧΪͳܣ͹˾ͷ
˫ش֮£hͦסĸĸҲͦס
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Zǵ֮ɫĿڷhϲͣת޲̰ոĶľ籾hһȡ
ͶˣhС㣬ϣǵĺݳܹԲɡZ˵ţվҹˣҺúϢ
иһĨ⣬Ѿţ»ҪȥZԺķţǼϷ
ͷȫhռˡ
ص󣬷hһҹ˯ò̫ȡ
ǳZȦС⣬뵽ҪZϷʱ§͸оڡ
Ϊ˲óģhûжԳ˵
ٴZԺķš
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˵ĵġȡ˲ٻο͵Χۡ
ȸ˽˽ҪĵϷݡ
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Ķ֮󣬾ǻ˲Σں棬Zŷhܣ滹Ҫh
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ͷʨǴҪں׷ZԺͷhʨӡ
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½ͽֻʨͲÿϵֲˡ
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ZԵϷ࣬ĵúۣϽͶһλŵĴٽûʲôˡ
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УͰ˵İɡӦȴе㿴Zˡ
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ľ籾õָĻѵʷhǾôŮǣʵ
仰˵ZԵˣhͶޱҲסˡ




994¡ˣ
 

ZԲԵĿų
һﲻһֱԷh˼
Ѿ籾ĻӵhӦûŶԡ
hͶޱҲġ
hܽԼZӵһ
ֻǣֵĻΪ˸ĸǩµĺͬͶԶЭ飬hǿܣȻĻǺܶĵġ
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תͷ˷hһ÷hҪκǡ
ʱZЦڵΪ˭Ҫľ籾ѵҪһͬ⣬Ǿ𣿡
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ҡţ밴ոĶľġhջѡų
ޱȴˡ
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٣㿴ҪǰСҪɣһӾˡ
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Ƭļ˲˫ĿŹ⡢ˮ
ҪܱסʹħĵĴǷhܣٻʮ궼Ը⣡
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995¡Ʊ仯
 

Ҳûɣhֿ
¶һĨӲЦ⣬˿޲󣬲Ҳֻѡ
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ǷhΪһСŮ˵ľ飬Ȼѱʦɵǣʨ볡
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ܵǿ׳ı۰hĵӿֳһɰȫУ㱳ǻҧ˵ʨҲˣ
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hвˡһ³ʱ
һƽԿŵĿ磬ͻȻһ´λվ֮ɫ
ôˣͿͬһ⸱飬ʵ
ƽԵĻת˸򣺡㿴ά߾ͻȻװͻˣ
ʲô
һʱɲ
Щ˿Ӷˤڵϡ
Ϣھ˵
ѡάΪȡңΪάڷΪȡ
û뵽άҲᱬװͻ
ƽԵ󣬲˶ŲԱ
ĿǰȷάͻǼǷװ֯TSߡ͡ʳߡ
˴μǷװ֯ϣֽάӰ졣
սһϣλάڵĻͬ˺ع
ΣգǰĴʹ
Ĺٷ۲άƱ仯ǷչжλڶϢ
ŲԱⷬ˵ɫܲÿ
̫ùˣ
òȡȴϾ³ͻܱܿս
Ӱôȥ
йԱݿȥ
ݣҪǻعɣȱˣ




996¡Ȱ
 

˶׷ҪعԲȥˡ
ΪݣȻع˳Ӱ
ͻȥĻôٴޣҪһʾѡ
ӰԤܾͲˡ
ȱģҿװͻӦֻǷάǻ޹ȡͺˡܿԲߡ
ҾͲúķôԤˡ
˻Ǻܲġ
ΪսǷǳµġ
˭Ҳܱ֤άս𣬲ӵҡ
ʱZԺĿڵǵʲôǾĻֱ磬зڣЩǷװ֯ҶǾ鶯𣿡
ǣһСıأһԱ˵Լǡ
Ҳ˵
ά׶̻һأZһηĿǣ˵ˣĴҺͷ绹мֵܣ϶ᱣҵģǱ̫ˣ
һZ⻰ɲ̫ס
Ȼ½ôһλֱڣZԾͲһˣձʨŵȷأôǣ
Z˵úе͵ǰҲôģߺܰȫĴ϶ǰ֪ͨڳġ
룿˵ЦˣǻֱľЩǷװ֯˵ԲԣZλһȻĿת½档
ߣһЩ߹ʲôµģǻֱһʮСӣʮ߼ҹӶţЩǷװ֯½ǰһ̲ˡ
½һ԰֮ɫѷǷװ֯
𺳣û뵽ֱʮ߼ҹӶŵ׳٣
½٣˵ֱ֧СӣǲǲһԱ𾴵˵
½ӹһĨȻɫǲӻܣʡ
ǸԱͣ˵ˡ
Ҷ½ĻΪ档
ֱôǿȷʵûʲôµġ
ͣ
ͻȻЦ
Цʲô½ʵ
һЦЦе顣
ȻЦݣ½棬͸˵ţһֱܱ˾ˣZԣô˵Ц𣿡
άķǷװ֯Сʳߡʱ;ŻΪ񻢵ֵܡλսڷ޵Ļֱ
Ҳһ˶Ӧ÷Ӱ㣬緵عڡ
û뵽ZԺ½ΪװȣȻ֪ô
ʱսӹΪģܻסȫ飿
˭˵ұ˵ģ½ʱŭˣÿζǳԣһڵģ֪ʲôֱ֪ʲôвֱҸ㣬Ҫ֪ʱɶ͹ԹԱͣ
ǺǣҲ֪ʲôǲһ̹ܽأҶұ֤סٸˣǵװҷȰұZԺ½Ļ̻عΣԼݡ
ȻˣųĻ
Ȼ֪Ҳܲôֲӵ̹ܽ٣
ּ𣬻h
ﶺЦˣ̹ܽ٣Ҳͺλ̹ܽռͬһϣʲô
½֪϶˽һЩֲӵ飬Ҫ˵̹ܽ٣ǰͷš
ZԸɴЦˡ
ŲνҾʴһ䣬ҪҪعɫʵ
˵Ȼѡ½棬û˻ش
ʱhڵô뽻սͦԶġ
άһСûһʡսһ˵ʹͨղŵţѾԤάսֵơ
ߣΣ½治мЦ漴ɨһۣģһƾҵݣȫֱ޻ǻȥǷǳ򵥵ģ
̫ˣ
½ı֤˳׷
ǿǻĵһֲӣ
ôһ֧ҵǿ󲿶ӱʲôµģ
˶ĵĻطϢˡ
òסҡͷ
Ѿ֣صȰЩˡ
ѡ½Ĵꡣ
ʱ£ھС
û÷hȻȥ
ˣhһ˻ɵġ
ط󣬳óֻţʱ̹עսֵı仯صע⡰ʳߡĶ
ͬʱZ½ķ䡣
磬СһٺԣǲҪڷʱ䣬ˣZһ˿ɫ
½΢˵Сӿ϶ãȲҪż˵ˣòˣٶԸ




997¡
 

磬ˣϲأZԳһ
Ȼ½ϻûZԼһĴϷӣ˺صˡ
֮ǰ˵ӱʱһ˴ʮȻӮ˵˶˽ǡ
½˵ѻûһ԰֮ɫ
ȻҲܶԸСӣһƣɺ֢ͺܵòʧСӻһӣ
ˣ㲻Ǵ˼Ǽ˶ֱɣҪһϵĻӦòܶסZȲҪʰ顣
½΢СӣȷʵӣǼ£һĶ֣ҪԸһҪаٷְٵİգȱ𼱣ҲͲóС˼ʱˣٶ֣
ãǷúϢȻȥˡZֻðסɱģ뿪½ķ䡣
ڶһ磬;һͬŵʱ򣬴ֻһַǷװ֯ˣѾά½ˡ
ʱпܴ
Ҳš
ǳ˷hͶޱ֮⣬˶ôǡ
ֻҪ½λֱڣ;Բʲô顣
ҾΣգ½һ绰ͰѲȫӽˣûʲôõĵġ
ƽ˵˵ЦЦǰȡص㡣
ĳֵһֵ
˵άĵطһҼ۴αȵֵ̣ϵ˺ÿҲرࡣ
ѾֵߡҲάٷкýֵڳһƬռϷ
ڵӰάҵٷԥĴӦˣѲ߶ά
˼еĹٷҲȼս𣬸Ӿ÷Ƿװ֯˲
˴Ҹ͸λʼϷ
ڽֵһ߸˿ţһ߿hϷһˢš
ʱмС߳һӵĻСŮŸǰ
磬仨ɣСŮŵĻ˵
СŮάģ˵Ѿǳѵˡ
΢ЦҡҡͷҲҪЩ
磬һɣҿһֱǸϷŮ㣬ŮѰɣһ仨͸Ůѣ϶ܿĵģСŮ˵
СŮȻóhŮѡ
˵СŮûòȡˡ
ˣ˭ΪhôƯĴŮǳŮѣ
ҳСŮÿɰ˵ҲЦЦãҾһõ廨
лл磡СŮʱһϲ
Ǯùõ廨һ£ıǡ
ʱֻͻȻһʾ
һֻĻϺȻһţǷװ֯Ѿάеܱߣ
ٶȣʵ̫ˣ
һ¾ͱɫ
ˣҲյţʱе㾪ˣȻǻûбŵܡ
ݣˣǲҪֹͣ㣿æʾ
ûڣZԱں˵ܱ߶ѣֲһý˵ˣǡҪ̳棬ЩǷװ֮֯ȥ̵ĵطȡǸʵ𣿡
һ˵ûе
֮ǰZԺʨӣڷǷװ֯ȴһ㶼ûη֮ɫ
ٶģʲôµģ
ҲZ˵׷ʵǳеֶ˵ҼģԼĹþţ
ˣĸƨͻȻһ˵Ķ䣬ǳڡ
߹񣬾Ҫŷh뿪Ƭ
ʲôhСϷû꣡
Zȫŭӳ
ճµģҪˣԼȥѣƾʲôҪhСߣZԲĳ
֮ǰʨӣǰ
ڣСһˣ
һ̣ZԸоԼӶһˣ
ҲhߣѵҪһĻӦ
hߵߣųĻ
սҪӵˣ
һζޱҲվڳߵģǷװ֯ûдҲпܣ˲ԼЦ
СȻ³ӣhСڣЦˣZԺεļ
Ҳİ㿴ų
ɫ飬ǶԳ΢˵øС
ڳȴZԳױȥˣ
ʨӣֻ޵η屾ܡ
̻ûȺ£ȷʵ̫Сˣ
½Ц㿴ų
û뵽Լڳųӡ
ڣҲûţ½ţ˵




998¡
 

漴½ӵ
ճµģ˵ԼûҲˣΣ㿴άٷάѲ߶ӣûоţϢйٷͨ
ǺǣǾɣھУ÷ϻˡ
ڽֵϣʱΣա
˶ģѳ˵Сɵӡ
Zֹóܴh뿪
ʱֵֽϵе㲻Ծ
ǰֵϣƺʼɧˣ֪ʲôԭ
ˣҲ׷עĿɧķȥ
ţһСɧѡ½мһˡ
Ϊֱǰֵ˴£Ӧ
һ
ͻȻüͷ˵԰ǰֵˣܣ
ʲô
˳һϸٿȻֵ·ڴܹԽԽˡ
ܵ棬غ˺ÿͶС
ÿ϶һž֮ɫ
һĻ֪鲻Ծˣ
϶˴£
ÿж㷲֪ҪҪЩһܣ½ZԵĻ
hһ˫ĿУǾǡ
hҪ£ߣΣͷٱӣֱǣסhֵ֣һͷȥ
ޱæϡ
ŷhޱܣѾһˡ
Ǳ½ֹͣʲôֻ𣿡
ǣЩ˻һΪ̲ܵģ˵飬ҪȻôһǹZʵҲǻŵģǿ򶨡
˶Z˵ò޵
ˣôûǹأ
䣡
ͻȻһıÿ˵Ķը
ZŵĿҲһ̣ըһ󶴡
ԲۣRPG
λղŻһ򶨱٣˲ͱ±ˣ
ܰ
ZԴһƴƵǸȥ
Ҳŵûɢ׷Ⱦܣ
ʲôװߡӰ֮ȫҪˡ
RPGˣڽֵϣԻᱻң
ܿ죬󷽴һ¡¡յǹ
˲ڻ죡
½ɫѿҲԭأһܡ
ͬʱųСԤôô׼Ȼ֪Ƿװ֯Ҫˣ
뵽½еΪղŻĵ˵
൱ڱˣ
ܵĹУ󷽳ǹ֮⣬ڵĲҽ
ȻѾʼƽɱˣ
Щҽ˸ʹ̾񱼣
˵˫ȣܵùǷװ֯װ׳
TSߡ͡ʳߡȼǷװ֯Ŵ󲿶ӹ˽
һװ׳ϣ׶Ŀֲӣػǹһֵɨ䣡
ٷڼѵĵֿ
ŷhܵķͨĴʹݡ
ǻûֲ֣ܳӵװ׳Ϳ˰֮ڡ
գ
ػǹɨţ˴޹ڵ
鶼еˣ
һԱػǹɨУֱӱɿǰȥ
˲
ŵɫɷףֻûܣһͷһۡ
ǽе
̶̼֮ڣʮˣ
½٣ȾǣǾҪˣںˣ״ǰ½ȡ
½ΪֱܵٶȵȻ죬Zһܡ
˵͹ܲˡ
ں˵ȣ½š
Цǻֲػǹֿȭģôˣ
Ҵ˿̾½һѲǹҲһعͷԿǷװ֯鳷ˡ
½پ
ȵľԱ˱УһͻȻв˵ڵسһʬ
оȥͷhҪװ׳׷ϡ
һתͷһСѡƵ
СӷǳСװ׳
Ҳ뵽һ㣬׷׸ųܽСӡ
ʱѾеڣûĻˡ
;뿪ά컹ñֲӵװ׳׷
ǸղŻеڶѡֹͣ㣬ĴʹݣҲƣڱ
ѹº֮ģܽСӺװ׳ڲ׷Ϲˡ
ǰZڰ֮ʱ֪ƣʹִС
ҪˣȾң
ZѪֹһٿ񱼼˿ZԸоԼеʶģΪҪˡ
½ܱ߳٣ֻеˣܣ
Ȼƽʱ½ZԹϵܺã˿̴ƿ½в
һСӣʮ֮˼ŷhܽһһеʱ׳ʲô˼




999¡ʱȫ
 

ΪĴʹݻҵľ͵ˡ
ȴͻȻhе
еûκηʩܹǵİȫ
һֲӷ֣ǾǱɱˣ
½ɵȣתĴʹݵķȥʱŷҪһֵ
Ľֵȫһװ׳
Ƿװ֯͹ٷڼҽ
ڳȥĻѰ·
ݣ½汬˾ֿڣòųܽе
˻æ˽ȥ
˿̻еĹˣ֪ܵȥˡ
֮ܽһˣֲʱûз˶һ
Ȼⲻʹ˰ȫˡ
ѱֲӻ᲻ɨ
硢磬ֹѪˣZԼ֣ʹ촽ˣȫɪɪ
½ֻ˺һƬ½ǣסZԵƣѪǲϵ
ûרҵҽƹߣֹѪ
ZԳ׵ˣȥѪ
㲻ҽ𣿿ֹѪ
ղ㲻첻µز£վڽеҪֹѪһæ
ZԱ˵һϣŭգʱ˻˵ʲôֹѪҸʮҽƷѣ
½֮ǰ⳥һڣȱСǮZԴ˿̻үָʹЦ
ʱZɫӲĺĺ
½ɫҲü
ҲĿ⣬˳һۡ
һô£
ʱûһ˸Ҷʳ⡣
ã㲻ǰɣУҰȫع㣡Zɫ޺޶
źݻһ룬ʹҧгݣĿ־塣
ȻZԼˣеѪ
ˣ
񿴰׳һZԡ
ھôˣҪ˭㣿
һ˶Ĭˡ
Щϸ֮ɫЩ͵͵
ΪĻ¾˶ʮˡ
ѾǷǳصˣ
һжZԺ½һֱĵĵ˵ս𲻻ӵ˵Աƽ
̴ˣ½Ҳû˭
ղܵʱ½ZԶǰ档
þ˷ǳˡ
Σ϶Ҫ½Zϡ
ô˵ưˣ
ߵѵȻþ޴Ͼǻͬ
ôͬ硢ֲӵӵ֮£ŭ
Zԣ㲻Ҫ׷ʵ𣿡
Ҫڴ̵ĳĵӰ𣿡
ڵǳȥİ涼ˣʵˣ
һͷѵ⣬˵ZɫӲ㣬һӦ
ZԿɲΪôˣΡ
ZԺ˵ҡҡͷֿ½档
㣬½棬㲻ǲֱ𣿡
ǿڿ˵ڣֲӴҲ𣿡
أôˣ˵ı
ڱ⹤ʱֲܱӳɱʱܱ˼ˣ
ֻղǰɣ
ⷬɪɪǿ־֮顣
ȷʵҪ汻ֲҵе½ǲֱֿȭģôǣ
Ҿ½ǹ˶½ᶪǣܡ
Ͼղ½˿ܺܵ
ұ죡
½ðŻѵ
ôղƴӴܣڵƢˣ
ұ죬㵹ó
ĵʡ
㲻˵һ绰òȫӷɹԮ㵹Ǵ绰
㼱ʲôұҪ绰½ŭе㲻Ըͳֻ
ʵ֮ǰ˵һ绰ܽȫӣǴ֮
ղܽĴʹݵĻ½ǾԲҴ绰ġ
Ͼ˭ӣ
̹ܽͲ½̹ء
½ȴò绰ˡ
˵ֲӷǶ½书ٸߣҲ
˼½Ҫ绰ʱ׷ǰһ
ǰô½ĵһֲӲأ
ԲľԮٶȣ˵һ֮ھܸϵ
ʱǾͳװȫˡ
ȻղŴҶ½ǳ
ھٶˣϣȫ½ϣְ½浱˾
졢̹ܽ٣άսǱһеɲǰԮ𣿡½ͨ绰󣬿ʵ
仰½˵һûС




1000¡
 

绰ͷάսţѾˣܳԮ
ʲô½һЩֻòסˣ̹ܽ٣ǡٶ˱жʮѾֲɱѵҪǵڲ𣿡
ҵȻǸ˼
Ҫͣ½ȴ˵̹ܽ٣ܾٶ˵ҲҪһң½ʲôƾҵݣͱɳԮ
Ȼǲ̹ܽ٣½ƽʱҶ
㲻ɲĻ½ղǰµĺڣȫЦ
ҲԮҲѱˡ
½ò
½滹ڻɣǲǶгɼⲻɳ
½棬עԴǣѵǲֱκλĹڲˣΪԱѵ֪Ҫǣִܳ񣡡
⡭ôֹ涨½ʱסˡ
ҡͷ½ϵļһȻľְʲô֪
½棬ǾǴ쵼ǵּ⣬۷ôΣյ飬ǲ뿪ǣ
Ľͣ½ʱоȫ
ˣˣ
û뵽Ȼ뿪ľǣ
½Ļǳ˴ţ
½þ˲õģǻĹٷѾչжܿнǻȥҸȫĵط㶣֮󣬹Ҷ˵绰
֪ھ˵εġ
˼½绰ɫȿ޻ѿŲµó绰ｲʲô
磬ǲʲôʱZȲʵ
½һһף˺üűһ䣺ˣ
ʲô
ɣ
ȫһ㵡
֮ǰ½治ǿڿıֻ֤Ҫһ绰ͻȫ
ھȻˣǾ˶Ҫ
֮䣬ÿ˵Ķ³ȥ־˵Ͽա
ڻʱԶʱֲ¾пЦŵɪɪ
ˣҪˣZʧе磬취
½ǰһ꣬ȴûѾеҲסˡ
ڼZԴ󺰴У룬ȵ٣Ҳû취ˣֲӣҶ
Zͣȫڷ
ߣ
ʱͻȻ߳
ʲô˼ʱ㻹Ҫ䳰ȷ½˿ҩͰһը
óߣڳ
½棬˵жͣţ
ͽɻعҪĵ˵ܽвԮţ죡
أ
ûһΪZԵĻĽ˵û취
ʣĿ½ZԿ
ЩĿԹɡŭ
˵ĸӿ޾ĺڡ
ڲûĻҪ磡
һĿ⣬ZԶеˡ
Ȼ½ZԣΪ棬ǵΡ
㳰ûУ
ô㵹ȱ
취ôҴ
ҪʲôҷȰûǱ죡
½ع֮һúһˣ
һ½浱Ȼ̲ˡ
òֱ½Ҵ٣ܱһָ֪
ЦһȻҡҡͷ
½桢ZԵ޹ء
ҲһȰڵĽֻǾȡ
Ļ˵񡢶˶ҿ
ڣʵ̫ˣ
ܹ׳Գƫϸһ¾ƣΪȫͲӦά
һж̫ˣ
仰Ŀһ
Ϊ˷hҶô绰оԮ
һѵһֱɽ¶ˮĳа취
һʵа취Ԯ
ߣʲô취һڵģѵ뱣ڹ˾ԮǾп𣿡ֵ½泰ȥˡ
ȻǾóıǱô򵥣иѡ
ǻҲֻһҽܰ˳ʲô
Ҵ绰ƶʡֲӣǸϹԮ˵ţóֻҪ绰
˶ò˼Ŀ⿴ų
ǼΪԼˡ
öֲӣ
ܰɣ




1001¡
 

˶ɵӡ
Щ۲죬֪ܿܲͨˡ
򲻻ᱻhƸΪڡ
ҳһٶĺ½桢ZλǴԡ
ǻλһڣ
ĻԶԶǳ˿԰õˣ
ǱйӲı
ֻ벻ͨǣôΪʲôʧݵĹ
˶뿴ڴţ붯ֲӡ
ʱ½ȴЦ
ճµģ֪ʶĳֱ֪̹ܽճ£֪뱾αõһ
Ϊƾͣõ
Ϊֱ벻ԼĲӣƾ㣿
ZԱе㱻ľٶģ½Ļʱˡ
ȷʵôҲǲˣʶֱǾ벻ġ
ϻܲ붯룬ʱȻʵ֤
˵ţͨ־ĵ绰롣
ߣͼװɣ½ǲм֮ɫ
־˵־ʹӦȫԱ
־ͳͨ껰󣬻ֲ̹ܽٵĵ绰
ȻͲ֪ˣΪֻҪһֲ֧ӵܾȳٶˡ
ô̹ܽٸ˵ʲôʱ򵽰½ʻŪζǳԡ
û½棬ǿ˵ѾڽǰάҰĵȴԮ
ðŰɣ붯ˣ
ι㲻ƭ˵İɣôҰģ˭ܰĵȴ½䳰ȷһҪȴ㣬ʱսˣ
ŶǾ鷳취ɣϾ޵еĲֱĻط
½һΪûа취
磬ʲô취˵˵Z۰Ͱ͵Ŀ½棬ܻܲȫָˡ
½һʮ򶨶ŵɫ˵ǵλã뻪Ĵʹݵľ벻ףȵûôΣˣǾתƵĴʹȥ
磬ưZֿ֣ǲ֪ʲôʱ꣡
ҲȥĴʹݱѣ׵ľ룬ȴԵܿһ̽ͷͱӵˣ
Ҳû취ֻòĵȴ
hǲξǣΪųܹ뵽룬Ҿ޷ʱϵҲᱣ
ԼСʱ֮ڻǹͣЪˡ
ƺάľӵס˷Ƿװ֯˵Ĺơ
½Ͼֱûôߵſڣ۲
֮½֣氲ȫˣҶȥʹݣ
˶ʱϲɫ׷׸½Ĵʹݷȥ
½滹Ŀ˳һۡ
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棬ݳʹʹݹԱæܵŵľ˽˽ȥ
Ž󣬷ִʹļһѻˡ
в˶ˡ
죬үˣZʹÿ಻ԣһһԱȥ
ǸԱڸһλֻ߰ǻ˾䣺ȵȣһλֵ㡣
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ݳü߹˵밲˭ҪŶơ
УǱñү̫ãƱǿZջסû
˶Ϊʹݰȫʱǹڻ˷
˶ŵɫɷףΪըʵ̫ˣ
ѵЩǷװ֯ҺըĵĴʹݣ
ݳЩ̵ģԶ򰡣ô𣬻˵ģZ̺
ȷʵŲˣͨͨ
ݳȴǳΪǻЩĿֲӴĹʹݣ
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½ɫҲѿ
Ϊʹݣһ󹦣ȥԸ
ҪЩֲĸҴȫû
ݳZúϻˡ
½漱еĿˣݳľԮʲôʱ
ھƽţԮܵֹ۵Ĺƣݳ˵̾˿
仰ٴ뾪ʧ֮С
սֱ̫ˣԮŵάôҹζȹ




1002¡²ؼ
 

ĴʹڣĻ̡̻
ڻ֮죬ÿ˶оԼ࣬ڱݺݵû
иŵಡˡ
ʹݵĹԱ޲ߡ
̹ȥ˶ס˵
лл˸м˵
ס˲ʱͻȻȺ֮У˿޳
ҵϹ棡֪ǲǱֲӴˣأ
Ů߿ޱ߰
ŸŮĿڣȺн˿
ҵҲǣڻûܽʹݣ
һεѣҲ׶༪ˣ
ҿŮһȥǲڿֲǹˣ
ʹݡ
ZԺ½ķҡ
Щ˶ʲôʱˣޣˣ
вУҪү𣿡ZԿˡ
֮һĶ
ž
˦־һƣݺ˦ZԵϡ
ִҰƣZһ£ǳ֣ʱ߳ŭ
ھҽԺʹZһ⡣
ZһֱǺģʱ޿̶α
û뵽ֱô˵棬һƣ
˶ˡ
Ȼٸղ˵Ļûһͬġ
ٰƣʱعԻ⵽ٵı
˾˶ó˾̫嶯ˡ
ǷhͶޱð
ô˵δZԻǱޣ֮ģǸô
Գˡ
֮ĶסZԡ
Zŭңֻܿ½档
磬ִң
٣һ̡½ȻҲ˿ͳ֡
ղܵĹУơ
½ܴӮȴ붯Ƽء
ν˽һ죬ֱΧŹܵȫǰˣú
Z֪½Ϊʲôͷֻñһӻתͷȥٿ
ղ˵ŮĸŮǰ
Ůǲǰӣ۾ܴ
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ҵŮҵܰܰǸŮ̺ޣʹ
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ôʶλ̵Ůhʵ
Ůһõ廨ʱܰܰ˵һ飬Ȼȡѹõ廨ݵhǰ
hʱĿ飬Ϊõ廨жΪǸܰܰСŮܿܲڽֵ϶ġ
ϣܰܰʹҵƽ¡hӹõ廨۾
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м˳嵽ݳǰץŹݳĸ첲еݳ취ܲ˳ȥǵˣ
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ʣ½ǻǿֱ𣿡
԰½ǲֱȥӦûɣ
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һʣ̵½е죬ɲΪʹӦǳȥˡ
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̫ɳˣ
˶½ʧ֮ǰôλֱ
ҪǱ֪½⸱̬ȣʱ򡶲ӳҪùѪͷ




1003¡ȥ
 

ԭǲֱ̫ʧˣ
ʹıߣַ׷׿
½ǿһϣȴľ
½潩ʲôҲû˵ָ
ȴǿȥˣ˾
λҿ԰ǳȥˣ
仰Ŀ۶
ܰǣ
Ҳֱ𣿡
ҲǣһᾡΪɫ
˵ֱֻһͨˣʱĿȥ
ͨ˳ȥѱôȻǵѣ
ݳ߹Ȱλֱҳȥˣ㲻Ҫ嶯úôڴʹȴԮ
ݳˣĲֱԼȫֱ½ηҿԸεĸߴңֱһְػͬİȫ
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Ѿֲ֪ͨǰԮˣﰲĵȴʧ˿Ը˵ʧģҳȥʱһҡ
ֲҪ
һϲȴ̫š
ȻҲţ˴γȥҪΪ˶Կ񻢵ĳŵ񻢵ֵܱ
ڡʳߡ϶ڳڣ侫ӢͷĿҲܴܾڸ
Ǳûᡣ
·ܾͬȡ
ҲϣܰܰɰСŮֲܾ֮Ȼһһ
ҴڴʹҲһȫ
ԭóȥһˡ
Щ˻ڻɳʵԣܰܰȴ߹ˡ
ȾҵŮܰܰ
һᾡܰܰͷ
ԽԽˣȻǵѡ
Ծ˵ļЩѵʧص㡣
ҪȥˣݳλС¸ֳ嶯
˶óܳɹܿܰԼߣ
Zԡǰ̫޴ˡ
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ڳ½ȻǻģϾһʵһȥ˵Զһͬ
½һɫȴڵ˼㡣
иһƥХ
ԼȥҪңΪɵ𣿡½Ҳ룬ŭ
˶½泹ʧˡ
òֱȴ̰֮
΢΢ҡҡͷٿ½һۡ
תhѹhҺһȥ𣿡
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ҪhһȥȻ÷hȥ
ΪŻסhҴڴʹҲһȫ
һԼȥhڴʹʲô飬ôҪһˡ
ҪһŮӣ˶¶֮ɫ
ǿɲΪôһλεεСŮҲо˵
㲻ܴhСߣޱ̿
ZҲˣҪԼȥͣϷhС㣿Ҫ𣿡
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
ʱ˻뵽ʲôͬ
Zøɵۣͺ֮ǰвhľ籾һúͬ涨
ޱȥģֻ߳һͱͻȻڻ˻ˡ
ŷh߳ʹݺ󣬴֣һΪεС
治ϴ¡¡յ̹Ĵѹ·ĳ
h㺦𣿡ŷh֣͵ʵ
h΢΢һЦֻҪһ𣬲ʲôΣգҶ¡
ëh¸ңһ䣬ȻŷhһСС
Ҫȥ
hΪҪȥˣڿƺбͼ
ȣҪȥɱһˣһ˿⣬ǸӦþڳ
hҪΪֵܱ顣
ά֮ǰѾʳߡϡ
ÿʳߡֲӣ·϶Եͼ
ӢͷĿӾ͸ˣΪһͳźɫ
һﴩһ߿͸۹۲ʿͿֲӡ
Լ˰СʱûпԵͼĿֲӳ֡
ѵʳ߳ˣüðմһ֣һȥҿ
ŷhʱԶͻȻһվס
תͷһֻ·ڴŸ߸ߵɳ
ɳһȺŻɫװǹʵĺʿ
иˣǳϤ
˾֮ǰҽԺİͲУ




1004¡ܾ
 

ҽŮ׼ȥͲУӢʵ
Ͳ¶ǹҪȥûйϵ
Ͳ̬ô䵭ʱ΢΢ü
ܿ׳Ϊʲô䵭ǰڰʿǷǹ
ҽڳﵽǿֲӣȥﶼǣԸҵĲӣҿԱӻŮѡͲ롣
ڰͲУhƯҲûʲôֵ
ҽĲ˵ֵͷǳˡ
СʱĺսͲµʿǣǹˣơ
άҽ̫ˣֻͲĲӷһҽ
ҽҽҲô
˰ͲҪ
ûȤĲӡ̬ʼûбŷh־Ҫ׼뿪
Ͳŭʱ
ǳڶξܾˣ
ĵˣսоȻ˰ֱ֪
ҽûҲӵıӻ벻ңڻѾ̱ˣͲ˵
ҲҪȥ˵ţע⵽ֶ洫װ׳̹˵ĺ
ͲǶʱٴУ
Ŵ˵оûãȻµĵоƬ
ҪŷhȥģֽǴȿһװ׳ϣһԵͼӣͣ˽Ų
ڰͲǱŴˡ
һڿֲӵװ׳Ͱˣ
ͲԭɱͷhλҽֲץȥΪֲӷ
ıע⡣
ҽǷǷװ֯ʳߡǣûл·ٸһλᣬҲӵľҽһӻǣͲٴζԳ׳롣
ȻҲ룬ֱӻؾҲҪıӻ
ߣ͵űʳߡװ׳ɣ߿ŮѱֲӵĻǹɷѣͲ׵ķŭˡ
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װȴʼմݣη塣
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Цݣhа࣬漴˫ֱס塣
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סhӭšʳߡĺƺƵװ׳ȥ
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Ǿڸ߶ȼн״̬ͰͲս
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ƤСӣ㲻Ҫ𣿡ǰװ׳ϣһֲڵİ˴󺺺ʵ
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²ܾ֧ܿʳߡֶӵľӢͷĿ
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ҪҺӣ
˴һ㶣ȻǹЦ⣬˿ҵĵĿֲһۡ
漴ȺɷĿֲӣͻȻʼЦ
СӣƾС壬ȥҺӣòͷ𣿡˴Ц֮󿪿ʵ
ԣʱת䣺ϻ㵽֪֪
ϴСȰǸƯĻ͹棬ٸġһֲĿ¶̹Ķŷh
ֲӵҲ̰ڷh
Сʵ̫ÿ̫ˣ
ƤȰ椻ף
ֱƷ
ЩֲɫɫĿⶢסhиŭɱ⡣
Ȼǲ˵ǾͱҲˣ
㻹Ҫǲ˴󺺷·ʲôЦƵģͻȻɫһϵǰǹһɨ䡣
ֻӵڳǰĵϣ
û˺һ
˴󺺾ǹʱ򣬳жϳӢͷĿֻ
治ɫǡʳߡǰͲĲӣǳ졣
Сӵôô
ͨˣôһͨɨ䣬ˣ
һλᣬҺģֻʣ³ǵĺâ
ÿֲûɵķ䡣
ǡʳߡĵڶӣµȥɣذ˴󺺲ˣǶǹ׼忪ʼɨ䡣
Ȼտǹͷhͬʱʧԭء
۾һֻоӹһӰſŷh˰˴ڵװ׳ϡ
㣿˴󺺾֮£δ˵꣬Ȼֹ




1005¡ɱ
 

һͷ­ųѪɵС
ͷ­ϵ飬ǿ־;֮ɫ
ǲʳ߷ֶӾӢͷĿ˴󺺵ͷ­
װ׳ϵ˲䣬ͬʱһ˰˴󺺵Ĳ
˲ɱ˰˴󺺡
ɱ˵ٶʵ̫ˣ˶ûӦ
֮۲ʳ߻ǰͲУǱߣÿ϶ֲ֮ɫ
ôҲ벻ͨͨĻСӣ־Ȼ˱̬
ͲûôֵģԷͷĿˡ
һ̰ͲףΪʲôĲӺͲʳߣȴη塣
ԭˣֹҽô򵥣Ȼᴫ˵еĻ书
Ͳ˵ңԶĶȣ֮硣
Թžʢѧֵĵط
ΪС֪
Ͳ书СҪϼΡ
ϾСҲӭŶֵǹȥɱˡ
ʶжֲ֮󣬰Ͳͷ亹
ҺøղûжԳǹԼͷҲҪʳߵľӢͷĿһɵˡ
ͲҲҼ֪ʵ
ҶԷͷǽĺûᡣ
𣡡Ͳһ£µʿǷ׷׻ع̿ǹ
Ͳûò±
ΪӦӵľҽڰͲʼһ
һߣʳ֯ĿֲӣҲʼ
ѾĴˡ
Ϊǵװ׳ϣһŮѸȥָ˲ɱһƬ
ټϰͲߵĻʳߵֶ֧ӺܿһͿء
һֲڲҽ£Ѫɣֵ޳
hųһŷķ·δ־סһ㣬ŵü޷
ܵĳ˫ӵС
Ϊʵ̫ܼˣ
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սúܿ죬ճ˵ıŷhվڿֲӵһ̹ϣ񣬿öİͲǶԥҪҪԳǹˡ
hܾˡ˰Ͳµǹڶ˿עڷhϡ
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ȴڰָʿ׼
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ߣȻ㷢ֻ֣˵˼ˣ˲ûϣҰͲĻɣͲһӣµʿųͷhˣ
飡
ӵԤϣŷhܣٶԽԽ죬ʮ֮ھܳ嵽Ͳǰ
Ͳ֮£һװ׳ϣƿʿԲػǹɨ
Ȼȴ½ǶûУ
񵯣ͲŻˣɲұ۵̫³ҪǸ˴һ
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񵯣һըԷhӰ졣
ǧһʱ̣沶ʳߵһ̹ˣȻһڵ
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䣡
һıը쳹ֵ
ͲĲ˲䱻ɱʮˣʣµʿҲ󲿷ˡ
ô˻ᣬ׷˲Ͳķݣһֱŷhһֲɱ䣡
̶֮ڣͲĲӣֻʣ°Ͳ˾
㡢㲻ɱңͲһ̿֡
ɫĮĵҵģ
˵꣬һɹͲ㵵סԼĺ
һ̣Ͳָ쭳ѪȻλУڿ־еˡ
һصʬ壬hҪŻµĸоһŴʯͷҲ¡
̹ĿֲҲɱ֮󣬱ŷh뿪ֵ̺ʬζܿԶȥ
h᲻ɱ̫ˣh߱˵
ᣬɱĶǻˣҰͲʿҪɱ㣬Ҳhóϲɱ¾ˡ
ȴ˳Ĭ
ԴӻаҽѾɱ˲ˣһҪٹأЩܿܶữѪ١
ⲻҪǵ飬ܿ񣬴ŷhӵķȥ




1006¡ǹƥ
 

ǿֵõԶ֮
ŭе
򣬺ͻĴʹü˵ǵʧĵصͬһ
ЩЩߵѺܻܿš
˱ŷhѸǱ߸˹ȥ
ԽԽԴص֮󣬳ǰ¥Ϸֱվżֲӣֲֳǹ߶Ǿڱ
Щֲӵ·ϣԵͼ
ǷǷװ֯ʳߡķֶӣ
⼸ڱڸ¥ѲԿǶûео
ǳͷhСﴩЩڱͿˡ
ڱȷᱻǷ֮󣬴ŷhСӵ·ڣ濴ȥ
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óȵǣ¶̳Ȼƽ
صĺ˺ÿͶУлвٻˡ
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Щƽ౧ͷڵϣеţÿ˶һ־壬岻ϲ
˷ʹΪ¶
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ЩֲòǹָţϵŭƽǵѾ쵽ٽˡ
üͷ֪ЩֲӰЩƽȫҪʲô
֮ǰǿǶƽɱġ
ʱһֲӣĳʾϴҪõô𣿡
ȻЩƽԵʣǻˣǸ˵Ĵ̳Ľﵲסˣӡ
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ֻ⾫ӢͷĿ˶٣˵ȷʵôˣЩûõļһȫɱˣ
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hﲻҪȥȳЩͬתͷԷh
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ͻͻͻ
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˭ӹҧгݣס
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ڶ̶һڣɱʮ£ֱ̫ſˣ




1007¡·
 

ӺǾŭӣΪʵĻǴӿ־תΪϲˡ
ղųֲ˲ɱʮֲӵһĻǿò̫
ȷǣһˡ
ʲô֣һܵǹƥֲӵϢصǣ
һڻʴ˿вԼͬðһͷǾˣֱܿ
һǱģ
ͺӰս
ǻԶԶ͹˳ʵ
ÿ񻢡֣Ӫʣ𶼲ұ֤Ӫȳɹ
ٶǹʵĿֲӣʧܵĿԺܴ
ȴʮġ
һŭһ߶Żǹɨʱֳˡ
һγ˰Ѳǹ¶̳һ̶ϡ
ͻͻͻ
˲ֺɨһƬֲӣ
ӵĲ£̶ʱڣ˲ķ֮һ
Ȼȴû壬˵г
ڰɫ£ֻоһģӰվ˼룬ʧˡ
СӿҹӿŭĺţĴѰҳλá
ȻܺӻĲ£Ҳ
hڲԶ͵͵¶̳սǼ֮ɫ
Ȼhַ֪ǷǱı𺳵ôסˡ
ٿֲӣֱ֮·һ㣡
Լİˣ
ڻӵ˿ķh˿ĿСǣ˳á
̳Ҳгϣϲײβֱʵ̫ǿˣ
ûٷеǹǴ˵еıʵ
С㵽˭ҹĺɫ϶û˱ǹս
Է˶û壬ҲУԼĲȴ
̫ˣ
Ĭ֮¶̵ϿգͻȻƮ
ӣ㻹ǵǰɱһŷĻֱ𣿡
ĳ¥ﺮʵ
Դ׷ѰӺĲ¶޷жϳλá
ӵȻǵԼɱյ仪ֱ
ܵ⵽ֲӵıЩڷ޸ܡ
ֲ꣬Ӷûţӳ׷ֳΪˡ
Ҵʱʼӷǳֱ
˵ʲôһߣԶڻǻúúõģ
ֻû뵽άٳһȺ֮ٴ˻ֱ
ӽǸš񡱱Ļֱ
ǵһοʵ˿ֱֲǻѵ
ںĿУǿֲӻ׹½սӡ
֮ǲԶˣ
սȴúС
Ͽ񻢺ͷ֧СӣֱûвԴ

ͻȻЦ
ԭ񱨳ģ
Сӣ֪֪жң
ָ˷ͷ­ȥιʨ
ٺ٣ӵɱǻֱǲ̫ʧˣ
мļ
˼ŭó
ȫ÷ŭѣǶóӵͼϣλֱҪмơ
Ҳŭգɲʧȥǡ
ӣΪ㷸µ񣬸ʹĴۣ
±̺ŨŨɱƮ¶̳Ͽա
ųˣ
ߴ¥һԾ£ͬ콵ڰп۶ǹɨ䣡
ͻͻͻ
һֲӵĿڻԴϣһһѪ
ǼмʮֲӵѪ֮С
ûɱӣΪúô׵ȥ
ҪúӸһ£ʧȥôʲôо
۾ˣŻǹԳ
Ȼڰ֮УҲ䲻˳
ĻǶӵĳ
һ룬ˣһ֮УֲʧȥĿ꣬׷̰Χȥ
ĵڶѲǹӵҲˡ
ȿֲӳʱץסȽһֲӣԷĲǹſںĿֲӲɱ
ץסĿֲӣ壬ܿϳ
ץſֲӵʬ壬һһ̴߳š
Χ³ļʮֲӣֱɱ⣡
ʮĺӣʣµһٶ£ȫųƴĿ
Щֲӱ׵𺧵ˣ
ôãû˵һ£ոͬ
Ѿнӽһͬȥ
С˱ֺ̬ǹڿֱֲˣǶħˣ




1008¡ɹ
 

Ϊʳߡĵڶ죬޷ĺӣҲڸеˣ
ķɱ¾úӷĲŻǹֱ۶΢΢
Һܹоóô׾ɱһĲ£ȴһֱûǹǹģ
֪ȥ
뵽һ㣬˿ֻ̺һ뷨Ǿܣ
һװ׳ʱͻȻ֮䣬װ׳һȻ󷢳˻˻
һֱעźӵľٶֱӽ̥䱬ˡ
衢ӸƴˣǷŭǾ֣³ųڵķλɨ䡣
ȻȴɵĶ˺ӵ
ִӵѲǹֱۺ߹֮䣬Ȼ˫ֿ۶˫ֲǹɱ䣡
ͻͻͻ¶̶̳Żˣ̣
վ֮У˫ֲǹ˷ĿֲӲ·޵սһ㣡
ڵϵǣȫ𺳵Ըӣ
˿ǵϣ־嶼ˣֻʣ¼Ĥ֮ɫ
Щʣ޲õѳˣ
ֱôг޵е֣ģ
һɨ֮󣬳ӵѲǹվʬ֮С
ٶʳߡֲӣȫһ˸
ֻʣ¾ӢͷĿӣɪɪվԭء
ھûиƶӶҿǹԳˡ
ӻɳǸϽ͵ģӵ޷ˣ
ôಿһһЩӵгͨ壬ͱɿˡ
ֻ·Щȴˡ
ȻҲ˵ȫˣмӵǶ˳ļ⣬Ϊ
ųһ߹һޱİγϵļӵ
һĻӾķ
ֻγӵ󣬵״ļֻ΢΢ݣûѪ֤ļǿȿԿӵĳ
ں˵ֱ̫ˣ
㡢㲻ҪںУ˿̾һħӵл߳
ֻĮɱһһӿ

ŵôһͻȻһץסһʣȻͳǹʵԴϡ
ʶʱгɱң
ӱ죡ӶݺݵĽеСӣҹҾɱʣ
Ŷʵģʵ
һ㶣㲻ǻֱǵְǱĹȫԱװˣ̸ҹԶ㣬׿⣬ȻӾͿǹˣ
ΪǻֱǹһĨЦ˼Ҳǡ
仰סˣڵϵǶסˡ
˶Ϊǻֱصȳͬġ
Ҳ²⣬ϾղǲɱһŷĻֱ
ȻôãȻ治ֱ
ôһ˿ֲĻˣΪλңԶķ޹ȣ
㲻ǻֱ㵽ʲôӾʵ
ǹŶħ΢Ц㲻֪˭ǸСŮġ
˵ָָʵУǸŴӵСŮ
磬ллңܰܰСŮжÿˡ
û뵽Լһõ廨λ磬գֲӾݵ
ܰܰЦЦʵղŵĻֻһĻԡ
Ҳ˳ĻΪǸСŮȷʵʶ
ֻǺҲ벻ЮһСŮٶȫڳغ
תͻȻǹڶ׼ܰܰ
ӹǲ̸ֱҹҾɱǸСŮ
㻹л𣿡
һ䣬ָ΢һһӳǹ
һʹǹƶжˣ
ж˺ʣµֽš
λʳߵĵڶ죬˲˷һڵأʹŤϺУ
ղűץסĻ롣
ڶʼӱϵв׽һٿ־ˡ
ллллǣ
Ƿ׷׶Գʾлгм֮顣
ǵĵҲηΪղŵıֱ֣һ½Сɣ
һЩŷˣΪϲǵ顣
ȫͬȥĴʹݡԼ˵
˵زɾ
ɱ˲ʳôˣʳߵĴ󲿶Ӻܻܿᵽ
Ƿ׷վߵ
ڵصĺˣȥԼĹٷѰӻ
Ϻ󣬳Ŀصĺӡ
㲻ɱңǲʳߵĴͷ졮򡯾ԻΪұ𣡾㵽ĴʹݶûãӺе




1009¡Ȼͬ
 

ǾǲʳߵĴͷԣ
̫ûʡҹɫȫٵһ̣絶һ˲촦
ھȳôʵͬʱҲڰ񻢵ֱֵܱ˳
Ҷߣ˵꣬ߵhصǼ񷿣hӳ
ȻһȺͬĴʹݷȥ
·ϣһעûпֲӣһѯǣʹʹ˭ʶ
ѯһ֮󣬳ڴʹЩȥҵѣЩˡ
ΪӽڣץŵǸ¶̳صץľǻˡ
Գöܣˣһ˴ʹﻪͬίС
ʹݵ·ϣ԰ȫ
ƬսҪɷǷװ֯ġʳߡ
ʳƬֶ֧ӣһ˸ˡ
˳һʱȫ
ֵ֮󣬳˰ȫصĴʹݡ
˼ô˻һʱ䶼סˡ
û뵽˵ô˻
ųĻˣǵӵһ𣬹ݳĿ֮Уǲ˼֮ɫ
ZԺ½Ҳȫš
Ϊͷhˣ˴˿ȴվǰ
hҲͶޱӵһ£˵ļСʱ
h˵֮󣬶ޱһƬ棬ô
̫ΰˣȻô໪ͬݳĵİ
ıǣҲ׷лԳм㡣
Ȼʱȴ䲻һ
ߣҿðˣZмߵ
ֻ·е𣬶hʲô¶ûУԲûϿֲӵĲӡ
ԲܻŻ
ʱǸܰܰСŮZԣ˵Ųãһɱֲٶˣر
СŮΪҲ׷׿ڡ
Ĺ̫ˣǹ̫ˣ
ǰҳǳӢ£һٶֲӣҳ󣡡
ȻĵֱҪٱ
˵ĿޣZԺ½ɫЩÿˡ
һ˻ɱٶֲӣôܣ
ǲǱɵˣѳ˵ôܰ쵽𣿡ZԵȻųܸһֲ֧Ӳӡ
½ǾЩ̫ˡ
ȫԱ룬ԸٶֲӣҲûôɡ
ϾάķǷװ֯ۡTSߡǡʳߡнӽʵ
񡢶桢Ҳš
Щ˵̫ˣ
ܰ쵽飬ôӰǾӦóˡ
ZԵɣ˸ķ
ȻˣѾѳĤݣǶ˳Ŀͽ
Zɳ
Zͱˮûˡ
Zȫ޷
ˣ½ͻȻһȣ˵ѹȥ
Ҫֲӹʹ𣿡
ΪʹݣͰȫˣ
һֲʹݣǵ𣡡
½ѵ
е㱻½ŵˡ
ͬʱֿʼ
Ϊ½ĻΣ
˲˵½˵Ǳſڱտھ˵ȻֱҾǻǿֲӣֱ
ųˣһ졣
û뵽ʹﻹһλֱ
ֻλֱôûͳһȥˣ
ʱЩ߶½ӡܲá
Ȼ½ȴɫ԰Ľ˵ûǿֱʵǳּܹģټֱǶǲ裡
ǲôԮأһ߿ɵ
½汻ʵ΢΢һϣȻ˵ΪǿֲӣƫԶ֮أִС˷ǲʱ䣡
ԭǻڵȫǲ˵ǲֵС񣿲Ȼģ̫ʧˣһλҡͷ̾Ϣ
Ҳʼ׷ָ
½棬ͱĨˣȻ漴ˣҲҪһ˵ĻǻֲӣԶԱͬΪһְƶʡֲͿ쵽άǻعˣ
ĻʮܣЩĻˣ
ųΪ˰ģѻƭˡ
½޺޵Ŀ˳һۣŻûз
ʱ䣬Ӧòൽάˡ
뻹û֣ʹȴһװ׳̹˵ĺ




1010¡ʳ߽
 

Щװ׳̹˵ĺԽԽùڵıһ̿֡
Щɫʼˡ
ΪսѾԶȥάٷ˷Ƿװ֯
ĺƺԤʾսٴδ죡
һΣװ׳̹˲ڻĹܱߵĽֵ·ǾֱĹݿġ
ܿҶܿõĹݵĴſڴϰװ׳װһʳ߳Ա
򿴵һݡ
û뵽ʳߡĴ󲿶ô죡
Щװ׳̹˳ֵһ˲䣬һӶ·Եͼ֪ǡʳߡ֯Ա
ͬʱǳ棬ʳôҵġ
ʱɱ֧ʳߵķֶӣȷû˻ͨ籨š
ѹǣס˷hС֣÷hҪ¡
ʳҺըĹݣͻ̴ŷhܡ
ÿʳ߳Աȫɷȫװ
װ׳ϼŵػǹǺĶڸ˺¡
Ȼ˿־ǣǰšƾ˵İɫ̹ˣ
Ϊ½ս̹֮˵ʵֲ̫ˣ
̹ǳľͻڹܶ׼ĹݵĽѹȸʮ㡣
Щ̹˺װ׳ͣڻĹǰԼʮ׵ľ롣
Ȼ֧ʵǿķǷװ֯ӣǳǻĹġ
˵ĲԼͬĳȵס
군ˣ
Ҫˣ
ЩûԵĲʳ߳Ա
ĹıǷ׷׾г
ʳ߳Ա⸱̣ҪѻĻĹݶƽ
ĹݵĹݳɫѿ˼㣬ļп־зŭ
ΪЩʳ߳Աʵ̫ˣ
Ƿװ֯άսӦǣ浽ǻĹݡ
Щʳ߳ԱȻҽǹڶ׼Ĺݡ
ֱ޷ˣ
ΪĹݵ߸ˣݳȻ£ǹߵſڣԴǵĺȵ̴ǻĹſ뿪ﲻΪĵطǸɱǻĹ񣬱ػ⵽ǻĲӵƲã
ſ⣬һװ׳ϵĲʳ߳ԱݳĻһ㶼ûб嵽
ȫޱվڳϣЩʳ߳Ա³ĵװ׳ȥ
װ׳ĸʻϣһ쳣͵Ĺͷˣȫ¶ǱըԵļ⣬ͨҺӡ
ͷ˾ǡʳߡĴͷ죬ºš򡱡
ֻ³ڼʮʳ߳ԱĴӵ£ɫݳǰȹݳ߳һͷ
ǻĹһˣǲʳֶ֧ӣ̰򿪿ڣͬһ㣬ùݳ졣
ò£Ҳ֪˵
֧ʳ߷ֶӵʱһʱ֪ˡ
Ϊֶ֧ӵĳм豸
Ѿʶжֲ
ǴŴ󲿶ӣҳˣ
˿ǻѱŭ
ʱڱıԵ
˵ô¡
Ĺڵſڵľ룬Էɱ
ֻ֪Ҫһʳߵʳ߳Աͻͬʱ
ʱĹǧ߶ǹ֮¡
ֻʱѹסɱġ
ֻݳѹſ־壬ĻӦǲܽκһĹ뿪
ߣǲǸˣǾͻƽ羪ը
ûĹڵıǵսľ
ݳҲסˡ
ĺƽĹݡ
Ͼʳ߳ʲôɥĲ񡢲˵鶼ɵó
½׳ŵʵǵҪ˭
ֱָָ
ͬʱɱڵ񣬸ڳϡ
仰˵꣬ǵĿȫ۶
û뵽ʳߵĴͷộȻΪ˶Ը
һ̣֮ǰûгȥЩߣųĵ˸֧ʳ߷ֶˡ
Zԡ½Ͷȼˣȴʼֻ
½汾óСӲöԸھȻʵǿĲʳţ
¾ָǿԲʳߴҲ޻·
ZԺ½ˣ˿ӿ޾ĳС
װװ˰ɣ
ҲܰѳǣݳͻȻˣǳ
Ȼô໪ͬڹݳĿУһλӢۡ
ΪĹݸˣǲѻĵӢ۽ʳ߳Աġ
΢΢һ㶣û뵽λĹݳȻôе
ŹݳĿڣĹԭܺµıǣҲ׷ΪԮ
ǵĴˣǾӦ
ЩʱڱҪ
ʱ̣ĹĻͬչֳԼڡ
ԸһҲϣо֮ĳԱȫ
Ƕɵ𣿡ôά½־ŭƿڴ




1011¡Ӣ¾
 

ǳСӣԼ˲ʳ߳Ա
ǿ϶£
ǳ˴ңǾȻά
˵ǵǲɵӣ
½ȫƵ˳ϡ
ɲΪάһŭ֮£ըƽĹݣ
Zԡˣ½˵úе
ԡʳߡΪ˳ġ
ǳ۵˻Ĺˡ
˾Ͳôˡ
֮ǰǻûˣ
˻Ǽάϣڲʳ߳Աǹ¡
½ǳ׵ļˡ
ΪڴſվŵŭѾ˶㣬ʱܱ
ճµģ㵽ǲˣȥѵҪ˸𣿡½Ķų
Ļȥ
Ը
磬ȥòãֱܰܰס˳֡
ͷݳҲȫһ飬κһĹ뿪
Ǽ䣬ɱŰĿ˹ݳ͹ݳıһۣĮòκ
ĿɱҪ¿
Ĺıǣ˫ָ棬΢΢ͷ۾Ҫ
ȵȣ
ͻȻһǳˡ
Ҫҳȥ˵ţܰܰȻݲȵ߳Ĺݡ
Ҫhס˦ʱˢһ¾ˡ
ȥǴſǻ
½ZЦһҪȥˣ
Ҳʡǳ֡
߳Ĺݺתͷ΢΢һЦȻݳߡ
ʹӵߵĲʳ߳ԱٴУ˼
ǿڼƵʶĿֲ֪һձееֶΣԲ̫
㡭ݳɵôסˡ
û뵽ԸԼȻĹĻͬ
Ӣ¾ľͶأ
СӣԷֽţȻһŭȣ۵֮ɫ
׼ѳȥúõĥһйͷ֮ߡ
ȻҲûλʳߡĴ졣
һƵᣬݳʵڼˣ
ݳһ£ֿ̧±ߵˣ
Ŷܺáʻ˲ԡ
ѩķhȴ˲ʲô
ѵ
hĲ²⻹ûӡ֤Ѿ׳ֱۣٴκȵСӣ㲻˵ҾҪƽǻĹˣ
һΣûһۣʳ߲Ӻߡ
ͻȻ֮䣬˸о
ǲʳߵװ׳̹˶ˡ
𶯸ǴӲʳߺ洫ġ
˲ԼͬʳߺĳнȺȥ
ͻȻ֮䣬һ׹ıȴԶĴÿ˵ĶС
˭Ҷ
仰·ǣ򶼱΢΢һ
漴ߵıʯ㴫
˭Ҷ̹ܽ٣
һƺͬģǳ룬̺ƥվ
仰ڲϴͬһ㣬һ˸߹һˣ
Ҳ˵ԼٶȣĹݡ
ĹıһƬ档
˭ǳ̹ܽ٣
˵ǻôǵʲôݣ
һ棬ȴȫ䱸
ΪԲͨˣ
ֻгǹŵЦ⣬ʱøոպá
һ̣ҹĻ֮³һװ׳һžɫԲʷӡ
Щȫװÿ϶Ǽʣͬһʵ֮䣬Ȼֻңȴͬڣ
̹ܽ٣ˣǰ泵ϵǸ׳꣬񻢣
򿴵Щ˵ĳ֣һ¾ͷӦԷǻֱ
𣡿쿪𣡡ŭ֮£´
ʳ߳Աתһٰʮȣװ׳ϵػǹǹ̹˻ȫ
һ˲䣬Ĺǰȫǹ
ޱܼĻĻֱǵӰˡ
Ĺıǣɴ۾һĻ
Ҳóǻĵֱˣ
ǧʳ߳ԱͻЩֱӮս
ôֲĻٸǿ¶Ҫң
½涼ûֱսǳ޴
ֱӳʳ߳ԱǹڣⲻѰ·
ֻгΪ͸ͫĿǹڱŷĻ棬ֱڲϾ׼ĶŲʳ߳Ա
һ롢롢롭Լʮ֮
ǧʳ߳Աͬ²˰ƬƬĵ£˲䱻ɱһɶ




1012¡ѹ
 

̶ʮʱ䣬ֱͰ屶ķǷװ֯ʳߡˣ
һĻ˻Ĺбߣ
ֱִ˵ֱ֪ǿ֮һ
ȴû뵽ֱǿֵز
׾پͽӽʵġʳߡ
ҵսֹͣڻͣЪ֮󣬻Ĺǰûһֱûһֱˣ
޷󣬻ֱô漣顣
ǧʳߡʳ߳Աɱֻʣͷһˡ
˿ȫһ־;
̫ˣ
Ϊֱֻңǲʳȫռš
뵽ʮӣսֳŤתʳ߱ȫѹ
̹ܽ٣һͽˣ³Ĩ˰ѽ䵽ϵѪΣ˵
ͷҪսᲶʳ
Ͼƽ¾ܶ඼ġʳߡɱġ
ŭ֮£סȭ
תսսĿų
ͻȻһҪ㵥ӮˣǾͷߣ
ԡӦˣʹ
ֻоһΣǰ
򾪺֮£ȭӭ
أ
ȭͷȭͷյĽ
һȭɼʮףɱλʳ죡
ɵ֮УͻȻըƬѪ⣡
һȭ𺳵˵顣
ֱͬһ㣬¶Ĥݵ顣
Zŵ˫ȷЩˡ
֣ȻĻҪ̬
½ҧ֪Լ޷ֲȭͷ
ŷԭԼһֱͳû뵽˼ҵʵҪǿࡣ
Ҹղſ񻢵ĺҲ½֪һ˵ʵ
ֱֻλ̹ܽٵĴ£ǰ
ֲӣμ̹ܽ٣
սֲӣμӳ̹ܽ٣
ֲӣμӳ̹ܽ٣
ӥֲӣμ̹ܽ٣
Ϊ˳ĳֲ֧ӣ
һĻ˸Ӿˡ
ԭȻһλ̹ܽ٣
ڷӦ֮ǰ˵Լ̹ܽ٣Ȼƭǵģ
뵽ֲӣǰάԮ
ֲ֧ӣ
֮˿ʼ
֧ǿĻֲӪȣڰȫˣ
Ƕϲ֮С
ZһƬ૶ˣˣΪʲô̹ܽ١
뵽Լ֮ǰһٵZԺµ̰ȶӡ
½߬סȭͷָѪˡ
Ҳо壬һ㶼ûΪȶϲ
ߵǰǿ˷hһۡ
hһ˫ʣ˿ǳǳĸˣ֤ԼİˣΪ˵Ӣۣ
ޱɫӣĵ׸ֺ֮顣
վǿ˳
֪ݵλ֮ߣޱ˵ʲôҲܾͷh
һ̣ޱﰵңhСûȰͳϾϵ
֪Ϊֲӵ̹ܽ٣ޱɲΪ䲻ϷhСˡ
ûпޱĿ½档
Ϊʲô̹ܽ٣½ҧ۵ǲ֮ɫ
ʵ
־ֲ֧ӵ̹ܽ٣߹վڳɫޱȡ
½治Ҳš
ߣ
һиŭ
½棬˵ҵݣZԻһþ¾˶ʮˣǳе𣿡
ZԲһشѾɵˡ
½ǺͻȻҧгݵĵǿѡҵĻҪΣϣ
ž
½˵޳ܵĻҲ̲סˣһơ
Ĺıǣȫŭ½档
½浱ô˵棬⣬
֪ԼھԲֻܻ֣ӲĽŭ̻ض
½棬ΪֱûûͬΣգؼʱ̣Ҳûбͬİȫ㷸ش𣬻ȥ֮һ֪̹ͨܽ٣㲻ٵֱˣ־ǰһ½ͷ
ʱ½ıһƬ
֪磬Ի߳
½ɲʧȥݣƱ̹ܽ٣һôôͬҲʳ߳ԱʵôǿҾҲ
ǻֱһְǱĹ񣡱ʱ޿̶űľģݾĶûУƱ磡̫ǻֱˣսǵ̹ܽҲˣһ֮ɫ
½汻˵޷ˡ
ȷʵ缸λ̹ܽ˵ΪֱûκνڣԼΪʲôվͬ
ټȥ½֪ԼԻᱻȺͬĿˮû




1013¡ȫع
 

ܵͬġʧͷŭĿ⣬½ĵͷȥ
Ҳʱ½ZԽ³ͷˣȥ֮һҪġ
̹ܽ٣ôֲ֧ӣɫһЩ־ʵ
־Цݵ̹ܽ٣ǻ˵ֵ޿ɹģǳֲ֧ӣǰع
øΪ𺳣ԭֲ֧ӣҪΪģ
Zһɵ
ıǿӲôͳԿ
½涼ˣܹùΪֲ֧ӡ
½һֱԱȵϵġ
̹ܽ٣һ˵ڷ鷳սǿ϶Ҫﳡӣ̹ܽٺٺЦ
֮ǰӳȴԳͶء
Ǿ˵ƢԣǿߣضشסҪֵ
лλ̹ܽ٣΢ЦлȻ񻢡
̹ܽ٣ڲŵɣ񻢲˼ЦЦ
ЦҡҡͷᣬѾ֮ǰԤƵʱ䣬ǰСʱˡ
ˣǸղŸĲʳߴ󲿶ӣûкӵӰѵһﲻάеʵ
Ŀ񻢵ļ򣬰οѾһɱֵܷĳҰ㱨ˣ
ģлл̹ܽ٣˲伤ԸӣҪԳذлˡ
ֱǣ߹Ŀ񻢵ĺ󱳣ÿƽľ
ˣѸٳɣ˵ţתͷ˷hһۡ
hᣬ߹վߡ
ֱǺܶ˻ǵһμhȫǰһĶĽ̹ܽ٣ӵôһλɫĴΪŮѡ
֣ǺȻĺͷhк
̹ܽ٣ǵװȥɣֻһλޡ־ڵ
˵ͷҺͷhһûɣ
Ȼû⡣־æӦȻݳͱǣҲõģǴᶼ׼õĳȻ󿪵ٺҸۿڳĴع
ͷhȨԸĻصڡ
ǶԴ˶ûޱҲҪͷhһɻ
£ǣŷh֣װֱķȥ
ֱǴ½ϳ
ܿ죬ͷhװֱ֣ɻ棬һƬսĳɡ
ŵϵĽСhǸпû뵽ȡսҵ˵һСĴ
hôˣĵʵ
hӹһ˿ɬعӰĲȥˡ
˻žͺãõӰǱˣĳƱҲ϶Сοһ䡣
hЦҲZԺӰĻǼҿ϶ҪΪ֮ǰǩµĺͬͶԶЭ飬⳥
⵼µӰôĴh㲻̫ģ鲻ôأǼҲƲҾͲŴ˾͹˾ͷзֵ˺áǱȽϵġ
ӰӳƱ룬նԶЭ飬hȷʵҪ⳥۽
Ӱ;һˡ
ZǣҪ㣬ʱҲӦֻúͬвˡh˵Լĵǡ
һǸĻҲ׷Źǵģ֮ڣ;ëhܰί
лл㡣hס֣жѡ
Ҳӣֱӽh뻳Уĸ߿֮ҹɫһС
һh۵˯ˡ
Сʱ󣬰ճҪ֣ɻھǸһû
һ·ɻhֻˡ
Ůôˣû°ɣ绰ͷǳǵ
h۳Ȼش裬û£Ѿȫعˡ
̫ˣŮû¾ͺãҿ˵άսܺ£绰һֱͨɵˣhĸڵ绰ڰ˵Ůҹȥ㣡
ڡǾûҲԼȥˡhǵǾĸӡ
hĸȴ˵У費һ˻ҺͿȥ㣡
ǡðɡh˵꣬ҵ˵绰ȻеԥĿų˵ҪҪҰ裿
ҪģղײհɡǺɡ
кüûhĸĸˡ
hĸз壬ĸ簢ǰˮǮ˼ҡ
뵽hĸ̬ȣһЩ䡣
֪ٴμ棬ǵķӦǷ񻹻ң
hѾʼˡ




1014¡½Ĵ
 

ĸжhǳ
㼸ȥ簢һҪ̲ס䣬ʲô֪ôСӣŮ֮ġ
ҷh򸾵֪ñס
ŭСӣȻŮˣ
ЩhûҺͳ˵
ĸӣhûɵĽš
ܿľͳһԸĸ
ҷhĸĸͽ˵
hͲڽȵĳòĸϿɡ
˴ԼСʱ֮һɫµСûͣ
ͷhӭȥ֣Ҳ
ֻµСһԴŵ򸾣h֮˶һ
һhߵĳ򸾵ɫͺˡ
ôɧŮеŮˣҲǷh簢Ľе
ס
hʲô簢Ͱȥ
裬ǳһģhæڡ
簢һʹ֮ɫ˵ŮͱƭˣǱֱȻģ󲻾ǰˮֱ֣𣿾ֲӾİɣ֣лл㰡
ҡ֣ʱסˡ
hһ͵ģû뵽簢ȴˡ
Ҳ֣һлȻԷh˵Ůƽ¾ͺãǻؼҡ
֡裬ҽͣǳhû˵꣬ͱ簢µȥˡ
ʼûü˵һ仰Ѿ
ĿͰµԶȥֻҡҡͷһЦ
㲻õģhؼҺ󣬿϶ĸú˵ģ֣³ļ򣬰ο
û£Ժеǻᡣǲ⡣
ûͺãҪھǣǸһƶʡ֣ʵ
һҪһʱ䣬Ȼȥɡ
˵ţﷺ⡣
ھǣû˽ᡣ
hĸǩµĵӰͬ½桢ZԣҲҪ˶ϡ
ֱ֣𣬻صƵꡣ
ֹ˼Сʱ֮½Ҳڻصǡ
ʱ½桢ZԡһС
ĸһġ
ֻÿ˵ɫܲÿ
磬СӱôҪǱĻǿô찡Z˵
Zͬ뷨
½ĳӣϣ½ܸǳ⡣
½Ҳ⣬ΪѾյֲ֪ͨˡ
ĳͷû
Ȼ½ͨıܺͷ
ʧȥֱݣλ½Ҵ˼㡣
ڻ·ϣѾмòӵĹϵеˣСȻι̹ܽ٣ѾжΣҲ˵ֻһƽǲ̫жȨơ½˵
½٣оҽԺԺѵĹϵء˿ûмᵣǡ
½ԣһϼһǲСʱʱ̱̿ӻ𣿸οطѵȨԶԶƲ϶뻪κβ½ң
磬˵úеZǷһ䣬ֵĵʵǾκαϾʦ̹ܽһģԳ֣һôܶԸ
֣Zԡ¡
ڷޣǹƥ֧ʳ߳Աֶӣȳô໪ͬ׳٣Ƿǳ𺳡
ZǶۿһȭʳ조򡱴÷ǣ
˿ֲȭֱΪˣ
ZԲΪ½ԴӮ
½ԼҲֱ֪Ҫǿöࡣ
㶼û
½沢û˶η
٣ϣкܶǿڣҲֻʦǳѧ磬˶ǣ
½򶨶ŵĿǣZԡ˳һŶ衣
磬뵽ȳĸ֣Zڴʵ
½ͷûֻҪѪҾ뵽ȫλȫĴ
½٣Ҫһ쵽æӦ
ΪƭhĸǩµӰͬвhľ籾飬ͨͨзݡ
±ֻѰ½ıӻ
½ķԸ

صƵ귿󣬸hȥ΢š
hظѾȫˣ͸ĸͲͨҷ簢ʱﶼŮš
˳ԼhҲû취
ֻ÷hʲô鷳͵һʱ֪ͨ




1015¡΢
 

hĸǩµĵӰͬͶԶЭ飬漰ڵ⳥
֪ZԵľ͹˾͵Ӱз϶ʾ޿뾡취Ҫ⳥ġ
Ӧûܿͷhϵ
ڷh˵Ȧĵһѹء
ȻҪԼİŮһе
ͷh΢ź󣬳
ڸվͷţǱάսֲ֯ж
΢ȵƽ̨վе㲻һ
΢ѰһǳжǺȦйصģǾǡάȡսңӰս
ѰǰʮҲûᵽսͳжȦźͱϡ
мǸġ
Ǯѵ΢ǳΪ
⣬˵һѡ
ֻ΢Ѷ飬̶ʱѾмǧˡ
ߵļʮۣȻһɫǡZԣƽ
ԶZԵԲзˢġ
ô໪ͬڷսңһ˶ʮˣZԵԲзȴæ΢Լż
óеˡ
˼ҳZԲз۵ۡ
ʮҳ󣬳ſhķ˿ԡ
Ϊhͻͬϣܹƽع
h˿۾ԱȽˡ
ȴZԷ˿ٺܶࡣ
ȻǷhûлǮޱع󣬵һʱǷhûк;ܵĹأû
һģ׼ص΢
ʱͻȻѰʮ˱仯롶йصѡ
ȥ֮󣬳ɵǹһȡ
ԭѣȻǺZԵģ
Ҫ˵ZϷбַǳݼã̬ҲҵӷǳСҺѱʨһ㡣
սʱZԵı֣ûһǵĵ
ָۣZάı֡
Ҹ۶˵÷ǳϸ
ZΪռhˣľ籾ġ
Ҳ˵ZԵĶϷǳªû׼
ЩۿܿǡĹԱġ
ǵʱƬΧ۵Ļÿ͡
򲻿֪ôϸ
Ц
кܶԲзۻţ˸վҷZԵʵĿ񾭼͹˾װôȱ㡣
ѣʱڴѰʮܵ˵ڶ
ͨ񣬱кܶZԣһ˱ZԵĺϣ̷ӵԽԽߡ
µҲԽԽࡣ
Z֮ǰһЩСڵ㣬͹˾Ĺزѹ
ȴҲѹסˣ
֪վһʱת΢ѣ̶ʱڣZԵĺϾȫ֪ˡ
һΣZԵܴܵӰ졣
Ҿ͹˾ҲɾʧѾйʹԹ˾绰ȥҪȡZԵĺˡ
ЩʹԵĳҪʧڡ
ʱZԿ϶ҧгݡ
ȷʵZԿ֮󣬺ݺݵĽֻˤɳϡ
ȥ΢ѷˣȻѣZð
ļæóֻ绰ʼء
ZԵľ͹˾Ǿʵļ֮һ
˲ʮӣͷֺZԵȫʧˡ
϶Zѡ
ĳĳֳΧȺڣۿZϷôࡣ
ǰŵ޸ߵۣһɫǣ֪жôŬ𣿡
ԲսңϷû˭ǼԸӾҵ
ֱġ
Ȼ滹пZݼõģ̨ʹ׹Ӳģ򶷶ȳܵġ
֮컨׹
ͨZЩȱ㣬˵ٵģͻ⵽ZԴԲз۵ֱӱɾۡ
ҡҡͷ΢ѾZԳ׿ˣȥҲûʲôá
ʱһѣȻǺڷhġ
ȥ֮˵ǷhˣƣݼУҪľ籾㡣
ȻΪ˳ZѶֵġ
붼룬֪ҲZԵĹŶֶΡ
һӶˡ
hڷ˿·Уǹϵĺûʲôڵ㡣
ZΪάԼ󣬾ȻĨh
һɾh˿ͨѷۡ
µĸۣZԵķ˿ڹh
лZԵĳװɷ˿˵hƬбڷǳܣܿвϵ
óüͷ
û뵽ˣ
ҲǶԷh󹥻
ΪhΪ崿ŮӲκԴš
̲ס΢սҲһάhۡ
ͱɾˣ




1016¡컶ͦ
 

΢ĹԱѾZ򣬼ZԵļһɾ۵ٶȷǳ졣
ÿӶˢϰۣZԲۣǵһʱͱɾ
۱ɾвһ˿ַһۣh˵
Ǻֱܿɾˣ
ߣҾͲZܷסȫͣˡ
ġ
ͨѿɲZԵķ˿ԲУֱܷǷٵġ
һѣ۶Ǹh˵ӡ֤˳Ŀ
ЩѵҲһֱɾ
hZĨڣޱܿ͵֪ˡ
ҲԼĹŶӣZԵĹŶ΢Ͽս
ʱ䣬ҹ΢սݱ
ZԵֶζĵͶĨڣޱԵΪh绤
ZԵľ͹˾ʵǿ󣬶ޱʼմ·硣
ZԻȦڵǡVųվ̨
⵽ŮҲ΢
˵΢Zԣhν˾֮ġ
һͶеһġ
ò˵˵С
Z΢ǧ˿󲿷ļٷۡʬۡ
Ϊ֪ݣһǧ˿澭ݵӰŮţܻӪԼ΢ҲԼǧ˿
˼һڷ˿ϸ·ǡ֪Vվ̨ڣޱߵĹŶе㶥סˡ
ſţһϤ΢ID֤Vţһ΢h˵
ӵһǧ˿VţǾ֪Ůҡ컶
ҼhС㣬ˣƵŮǣ෴hСԴ質Ӱҵ棬ҲҪЩĨڷhСҥԡ
컶΢ǶŮûôˡ
컶ʵͷh죬Ըڷ˼ϸh˵Ƿǳѵõġ
һЩʶhǶҷ΢
Ϊһh˵ͻZԡȦڵĴԺȦھͲûˡ
컶ȴû˼ɣȻȦˣȴܿȦ顣
컶²ĨڷhֶΣܿZġ
컶ںZһϣҲͺ޹ǵĸh˵ˡ
컶΢һѰ
µڷٵ
ܶ౻ZǱ߷ڵͨѣܹ컶ַ֧h
컶΢Ȧʿ˵Զͨء
ΪȦﶼ֪컶ZԵŮѣ
ڴҶ֪ZԵĹŶڹhΪʲô컶ȴh˵ͦh
컶̬ȣȦĳЩ˷ǳ
˱ûֺZԵĳЩ΢VСǣҷ΢Zվ̨
еΣǺµʱַתᱻݺݴ
ZԿ컶΢ʱɫ̳ȥ
û뵽Լ컶ֲãŮ˾͸Ÿɣ
绰΢Աɾ컶΢
٣Ѿ֪ͨ΢Աˣ˵ɾһСĻش
ʲôZԵɫʱˣôɾǮ̫𣿸ǣǮ⣡
٣΢Ա˵컶ǲ̹ܽŮԲɾ΢ͷش
ģŮ˲𰡣Zɫࡣ
ǻŸʲôϽȥ컶΢
ZһȣŵǷ׷æµ
컶΢ۣſʮӣͻȻʶ컶΢Ȼûбɾ
컶΢Աɵ
ֻ컶΢ȻûɾۣʼZԵˮ˲
Ժðһͷ
ȻԷɾ컶΢컶æϷ
ǳ컶ȥ˵绰
𣿡컶е⣬Ϊٺκϵˡ
컶æƽ˵
컶ԥʵʲôæ˵ɣ
ҿ΢ϸh˵æZԡͶǵİ๴Чá˵ԼҪ
컶еʵ÷hľ˷ЧǸ𣿡
Щϣʺɵ˷Ļܿͱɾϣܰæ
û⣬Ҫҷʲô˵ɡ컶ˬĴӦ
˵Լڡڼ䣬ZԡͶΪ컶ǾǼ
֮컶֣Ȼ󷢳һ΢
컶·΢ȫˣ




1017¡ʧ
 

ԭ΢ϽԼñ࣬һ°õʢ
컶ı΢Ƕ컶һ𾪵ˡ
澹ȻڡӰڼ䣬ҹÿZԺ͵ľƵ귿š
ʮʮһ㣬ʱΣΪŮŵĶȥZԺķʲôԶ
ÿ˷֮󣬵ڶλŮžͻӶһϷ
ԣǶZԺǱˣ
䶯Ե΢ʱ΢ƽ̨Ҫ̱
ͨ񷢵ģ϶ᱻ˵ҥ
΢컶ģʵԾͿŵöࡣ
ڻױ￴΢ʱϵںˤ䵽ϡ
߷ߡǾţΪ컶ıǧȷģ
û컶Ϊ컶ݣܹġ
ʮľʧ֮󣬶ֻԼһ΢塣
Ȼ컶΢Ѿͬը㱬ˣ
΢Եʮ
ʮʱ䣬ķ˿͵ʮ
ⶼʵ˿ļٷۡ
һ¸ɵʧǳء
Ҫ֪΢ʵ˿Խ֤࣬Խмֵ
һ˿ʮĲ棬ǧ顣
Ƿ˿ϰ򣬶Ҷʵ˿Ĳһ΢׬ü
ʵ˿ļֱֵӱ֡
һµʮʵ˿һڳۣķ
ȥĵӰҵҪٵ
컶Ϊʲô֪Щϣľ֮£Իѡ
϶֪ʿ컶ϣһվڷhǱߵġ
컶΢ûаʵ֤ݣ˶Ϊзתء
ԼĹŶӣ΢ء
ܿ΢һ컶ûƾʵݣĨZԡͶ档
˲жĹŶӣZԺġ
ΪZԺܵʧȶ滹Ҫأ
Zԣ˿࣬Ѿʮˡ
λҴٶǰŮ컶ƿڴ
ˣȻұϣZһáһ³΢塣
Բзʼ컶ˡ
ϹŶӵ΢ϵֿʼַת
ܶ컶û֤ݣȷʵɵ˵ϡ
컶Ҫ˵ĴϣʱƫתҲǵû֤ݵˡ
ƾ޾ݵıϣԼӰ졣
컶˵绰ʳûȷ֤ݡ
ֻεĻشûУֻԼš
컶Ҷϵ绰ѹɾϵ΢
ʱĳͼƬۣͻȻ˶һ¶˺ܶޣǰš
ͼƬȻǶҹZԺŵƬ
Ҳˣʱǰһ
ǶȣƺǾƵͷġ
˵˾ƵأȻͼ˳
һ²⡣
ó컶е֮ϲǣ֮ܵõصˡ
ΪZԺ½άսʱȰ£¾ɥ
˾ﲻ˶ZԺ½档
ZԶùֶΣ΢ϵߵڰףЩ˿ȥˡ
׷컶΢ṩ֤ݡ
˾Ƶؽͼ֮⣬͵ĵƬƬЩƬеZݼáϷСˣƵ֤ݣеǶZԡֹ֤ܵݡ
˷СƵƵƬϢʱ䣬ZԺɫǷֱԶ֣Ҷ滹Цúġ
˵Ǳʯ֤ˣ
ЩըԵ֤ݣ΢׵ĺ䶯
ZԡͶ˵ķ˿ˢˢˢҵµȫǳ𹥻޳ܵģԼˮزס
£۾ûʧأ
رZԣΪȦһС⣬رǿεӰһ֪Ҫʧȥٹʹԡ
ڵ۾ˣ
ZԿֻ΢ԽԽס
ǶǷͰ΢زס죬Ұ۹ˣЩ籩죡
ΨΨŵŵȥˡ
Zŭ˸ֵˮǹתƵhϣ˵hǱҲӦҺͶֻڷ۾籾ʲô¶û
ǣǵͷӦ
ܿ΢ֳµѣȫǺڷhΪ㣬崿ʵȴɧӣ֮˵Ҫж
֮ǰZĨڷhûʵ֤ݣ컶΢ȫZǱ֤ݣǲĨڷhۣҪĨڵó֤
ȻhƬԺãҶޱʱʱ̱̿κ͵ģZȫò֤ݵġ
΢սZհʯͷԼĽţ




1018¡
 

һһҹ΢ǴսZԡͶˡ
˵ҵֵʮСʱ֮ڣ͵˴롣
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1019¡ʶ
 

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1020¡Ӧ
 

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½ײǽϣˤȻۡһ³һѪ
˾졢㵡ŭ
ô£
ӿʵɽͳߣʦڱȦǳ
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γԾΪֹıֶ֮ڡ
ѧһˣɷĶֿסôδ̫ˡ
ôվѰɣϵļм֮ɫŨˣѧһ֣ޣҲĳɷĶˡ

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ѧ֪֮٣ʦ߻ж⡣
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ҲΨһпܵ˶ʦ
ֻǰ֮ǰͨʦǰ㼡ɽأûⷽ²⡣
ڳʵ̫ˣ
԰ӲòΪʦ
ʦ֪õͦ࣬ϧҲǡǸаЦݣȻ󻺻ơ
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ۿκλӾŭ֮£ٴ߷ʩչ
ȻһĶ
ž
ɷĶԳá
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նȵúˡ
˿̰ﻹһŴӵģ
̶һھ׳ͷ
֮ǰô߰˿ȴǱhĴ۾Ц⡣
ȷʵһĻе㻬ˣ
ޱ컶ܶĻҲ̲סЦ
½ȫĿɿڴˡ
Ǻ߱ĳ棿




1025¡ɽ
 

ܣͬ
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Ǳһе̳ȫģ츳Ҳżġ
ڳɽһҲܳ谮ĵӡ
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裬Ӹоֱɱܣ
С˲֪ôҰӣʦţʱ书ٸߣҲܲҳɽͳŭ𣡡ĵվŭ
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Сӣ㿴ˣӼ֮»ָŵɫɽȣķ֪ⷨʩչȶǿٱ𣿡
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˶Ծڶʮʱʼ治ɫ
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ѾǸˡ
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ǽɽһƬɽն߱ɽһѣ

һȣɽɳɲǼ£󶼱֣
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һĻȫɴ۾Ǿη
ܹܵɽɱڣϮˣл̺ŵѪ
Ȼˡ
СӣûУŽͨӵĵˡ
ٻɽһ̣Ȼڲ֮ء
ӣɱնСӵֽţ
ʱ½濪ڣɲôȥ
ߣзִ磡ϲ˷Ը
Ǯƣ֣˳½⣬ʹɽһֻ첲նȥ
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ɽƺնһ֮
ɽƼ죬ȴǲܣָָϷâסɽ
棡ҡҡͷ
ʦܺӳֵĽȣ
Сӻסָȥķɽȷʵ̫ˣ
ҾǺͬһߣڷ֮Уͽȥķɽ
ڶҵУ




1026¡
 

ӵķɽܿն䵽ָ֮ϡ
һ˲֮䣬ɽָĽӴһҫ۶Ŀǿ⣡
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Ȼָֻס˰նķɽ
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ⲻܣӽ֪˵仰ˡ
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ΪʹɽǱȶҪǿʮϰ
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Ӿʦһ׾ٵĽסķɽն
԰Ӳ𺧵Ըӡ
½ZԵͶŴˣ·ܷŵýʯ
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ȻǸе𺳵ǣ˫ָͽɽ׼жϣ
һɽڱл⣬ɢΡ
ٴ˺һϵı飬Ǿʹ
ɽ٣ɽȷҲ֮Ǽ߷֮һ
ʧǳأ
һҷɽҪ㸶ۣӵͫʶ÷ˣȫһԭĳɢɽȷɵ˰֮С
״ľٶ˶֪Ҫˣ
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ҵɽȣӲŵİڵأ˫ֲѵֽȡ
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ſӣ½װŵŭȵ
Ƴ½һۣЦ˵ȡҺͷhҪҷſ
ǳɽһĵͳˣɱɽض㸴һˣܶԿһߵͳ½価в




1027¡᳤
 

ڽµİӣҲŭĿüҧȵſң֪ʦ˭Эĸ᳤˼ᴵһܰʬΣ
Э᣿ʣɵü
ȦӣȻЭᡣ
ɾеϡˡ
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ôЭḱ᳤Ĵ𣿡Ӽɫ죬Ϊסˡ
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뵽ʦԸųԼĵӣ




1028¡ӵľ
 

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Ӽƽʱʮֺǳ谮ʦ·˸ˣ˼룬Źί˵ʦҲΪ˼ܹ϶򼸼ŴӦǹӸ١½٣ԸѾתڣ
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1029¡λ
 

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1031¡
 

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Ϊܿ쾩Ǿͻᴫ½ZԵѶζ˵ġ
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ZԵľ͹˾յ˴ŵϢ͹˾ϰŵøޱȥ绰˵̽ͬhĳĵǸ




1032¡
 

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1034¡
 

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1035¡
 

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1036¡а
 

Ӻͻδ뿪ڶߣҲϢ
Ǹа޺ڹǵ˷ġ
ֻڹ˫ĿĶסǸӣ·Ҫ̻Ƶġ
ڹǵߣվϢҲߡ
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аǶģȦ˶а޾Զ֮
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źڹǴа޻߹ݵնԾˣ··𽵵˼ʮȡ
οŵ÷׷׶Ŷӡ
hץסֱۡ
а޴˵ѹ̫ˡ
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⣿У˽Ща޵ֶж죬һǵаֶΣͲӦˡ¶֮ɫ
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ΪǶۿסʯԷһĻ
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Ȼǳɽһ츳ߵĵӣΪǿĵӡ
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ֵòóˣܰƽá
ӣ̫аˣãҴӦ㣡ڹǵȻ֪ڼǺԥӦ
漴ڹǿֱһλͬ飬ѯʵٹӵĵӽһ£
Űٹа޵ͷվ˳
аƺǳĬԵԸһ仰Ҳû˵ֻĶž
ˣȻʦԸҾͰһΣ
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ôͳ˵ӵѵ
ӴʦûϵǹϵЦ⣬ܴӮһĻЧ
˵ģһ䣬۶ɵٹȥ
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аõ㣡һָһɲǱǿҵĽ⣬ȷʵڵͨ
һɣңһָӰ١




1037¡ѹ
 

Ľɢ֮󣬸ֱٹҪȥ
ϰٹ˾Ҳһźֱӽˡ
ŰٹĺԽԽʢƺҪҲһɡ
װŪָĽٴαһ
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»һ𣬰ٹٶĵˣ
ҡŭû뵽Լܱô졣
ٹʹʲôаֶζ
ߣа޵δ̫޳ˣߵߣƸһ⣬Ļھ󣬽ڵĺϳ
Լ˰ٹĺȫתѡ
뵽Լһھٹ֮ǰڳǰĵ˿̶е㲻˼Գˡ
ӣͽ䣬㲻ٰСˣڹǳ
仰һʱ޷Ӧ
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1038¡
 

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ԼСʱ֮ĳɫĺ֮ϡ
Ҫ³hȴһס֡
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hҡҡͷֽ֮ɫҿҪæÿˣҪϧʱ⡣
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ŷhﲨתĴ۾覵գԼ࿴ȥǰ͹µΣʱͷȣ鶯֮£ŷh˹ȥ
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ϵʱѾ۲ˣΧûʲôˡ
hȴõһڳûʽУǿȥƵɣﲻ
δ˵꣬ӣֱס
˿аǣΪhСӵջʵ̫ˣ
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hĻ棬Ҳ챻ûˣ˳˰˵⣬ڳ
ʱֻʱ˵ʾ
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Ҫ֪h֪طѩĴء
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ЦԵɺϣĻʹҺˣҾ֡
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˿֪˵ʲôûãֻܾıŽĴǡ
ʵҲ㣬˭עҪһӵСԩأֻϣܶҡh¶óжѡ
hлл㡣h§øˡ
ûжԷhʲôϾǹⲻȥ
ļhŹĿ϶ͳԼᡣ
ޱҲûֹˣhĸĸŷh
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1039¡
 

үõģֻǺҪǰƶʡᣬμУᣬеʦ˵ҪһҳͬһʣҪҪȥμӣ
Ŷԭ顣˵ţ۶ںȿȵķhȿһ¡
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Ҫ𣿡hգŴ۾ʵ
ٺҪȥƶʡμУᣬΪǵĸɸ磬ǵļǱȥ΢Ц͵
hһЦ¶ѣͻȥɣЩһֱңѾˡ
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ȵῪʼӣԼڴٰʡſڼ档
ص֮󣬳ٺվһµA8Ե
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ⶥѧԺҲ࣬Ү³ѧѧʡŴѧȵȡ
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쵼ŮǰһôѧҲǺ顣
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죬ΪԼеŵܽõĴѧصɳüλ쵼УС
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ÿɷ˵ɼѧҪѧУ𣿲Уǣ
ƶʡɼļˣ캣һûȫʡĳɼЩУصָҪǡ
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һʦں档
ʡǰֻѾ˳
ʡ츺ˣһʮҵװӣӺ棬һ߰ɫƺһ㶼Ŷӵƶ




1040¡ֽ
 

λʡڻ츺ˣҲʡĲʿڣơУܵ
ּԶԶǻĶ߳еĸиУɱȵġ
еһ쵼̬ȸ߰ʲô⡣
ϾѧУѧ٣պɾͶһƵһ롣
ѡ٣е쵼ǽԲˡ
ŶӣվȥŶӣƵųߺȵ
ǿҲʱĿһ
Ȼλʿڲû˾ٲӡ
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ļҳǳſơ
ΪǰѾԼҳǶǳԼҺӲܱѡϡ
ģ⿼660֣̫ˣֳɼôʡȥǹڵѧǱ߰ɣƺķǳֱӽɼȥڸˡ
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ǸҳȫһɥģͿ޳ˡ
ǲò뿪߹ȥѧǱߡ
Ŷӵļ660ҲܾɫҲȫÿˡ
ڵȫ߿Ծִ󲿷750֣660ѾǷǳõĳɼ
ȻĳɼʡԴȷʵ㲻϶⡣
λҳԼĺĲܺͳɼһԸ⽻ѧѣֻΪúܹʡ
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ѾкܶƸϵˡ
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ʱƼųɼʸüëһǰļһۣ684֣
𾴵ֽڣɼ𣿡
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ֽڣѧУ涨ƶʡٶҪеʮˣɫһ¡һԵЦ
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˵֮һϢȥ




1041¡
 

Ҫÿģ⿼700ϵѧʸʡϢҺ̸ʱúܶġ
ʵʡŶӵģ󲿷ּ650ϣӽ700ֵҲ١
700ȴһˮߣһǵѧϰ츳ǿѧǰ
Ҫ֪ÿ߿ȫ700ֵҲˣĳ߿ʡռ˽һ롣
һ볬700ֲֵڻʣµ22ʡݺ4ֱϽС
ƶʡҲǸ߿ʡˣǷ15˳700֡
Ȼģ⿼700ֵıȸ߿Ҫһ㡣
˴˴ιʸ̸ģܹ23ѧ١
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Уᣬƶʡٷٰ죬빫İɣֽҪǽϢң²Ϲ涨ɡ
УЦ綥ѧһЩǱƶʡٷҲ˵ʲôϾûļ綥ѧ죬ǹҵҫҲܸõΪĴ˲š
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Уеļ쵼ں档
׿˵ĳɼﲻҪֻڰεĴȥμУ
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ô˵ĹѧԼ׳ɣͨҪѧǮˣˡ
仰Ҳ˵࣬ļҳǾɲ
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1042¡޵
 

ҳǶԥЩˡ
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ҵʱޣ첻ǮԺҲûлᣡ
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ֻҪԹɫ˫̥ûԸȥʡѧа취ѽû㵽֡
Ϳеǹ⣬һΪҲ֪٣ʵǵòҲƽڣҿӦ޵ޣ




1043¡ٱ
 

һ֮ʡٿư
ƶ˴ģͲŹһˡ
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Ϊޣƶʱ˫ð𣬳ʲôң֪׹Ǳߣλж𣿡
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ͳΪеģ˹·޿˺ͰɭˣĸλƸߣ
ЩжӦеĴۡ
һӱŭˣܺãҾ֪ʲôȨƣʲô
бôҲҪܵӦĳͷһžٱ㣡˵ţóֻ׼绰
Ʒ·ǳЦЦƵģЦ㻹Ҫٱң֪֪ⳡ췽˭ƶʡĽţ㾡ܾٱ
仰еļ쵼ɫˡ
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漴ƽͣЦպƶʡĽ쵼Ӳ죬ھ棬ֱͶߡ
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ȻֲʥĸȻƵļ֮С
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ڻ绰ʲôܾ־վ㻹˭ͶߣƳŪ˵




1044¡
 

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ôҪ飬Ź洦
Ҷϵ绰ȴЦʵʡһͶߣ
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Ϊһ֣ôܻһͶߣ
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ΪѾӦ̸Ϲʡݡ
ϵļмζˣƾ㣬ҲͶߵһǱȥΪܾļ𣿡
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ƺεĴЦ˵СӾǸɵƣֲòԼʡûӾûӣ
ڸһλᣬýʡҺֶܾԲƽϡ
ŶҵҪ¹ˣҪôҼƽϡɫе㾪ɲˡ
Ļ
漴һ룬̷뷨
ΪһСصظᣬ˼ÿĹ֪ж෱æ
ܾһ㣬ųĻ
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У档Ʋȸʮӻ߰Сʱ
Ϊ־ڱصá
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ܾѾŵսսֲ̿ѣҺ͹ӡ
Բ𣬹ǾеͻҲΪƶʡĽãϣ½⡣
ΪƶʡĽܾ֣˵Ļú𣿡ʧҡҡͷ漴ҪǳͶߣǲɴ
ᵽֺܾ˾㲻ԸţҲòų͹ʶˡ
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촦ɣ˵ȣһܹϢ˵ţĿһۡ
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ģһ᳹£˵÷ǳ࣬Ȼתܾ֣ܾ֣λѾûʸˣȥܵɡ
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Ϊ˱ֵܾڵȡ飬ʡģѾ˺ܶѧĳҪŹ




1045¡
 

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ΪֱܾߣͿԴᴦ
û뵽ܾǰ׸ˮ
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Цܾ֣˵ҲҪɣô㷭ˣ
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仰ŵĿ
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Գ˵ͷ˳ǮȥȻܾ֡ƺͺüУ˶ߡ
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ٹɵĵͷȫѭԸ¡
ˣȻʡᣬҴ棬Ȼǻ캣С
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ǶԸ͵·оȴǷǳ




1046¡뷨
 

ΪҪȡóپһЩÿԸе·˿µĺʱСŮһ¾ͱĻסˡ
Լûд
٣ϲĻͷȥ򡣡Ц˵
ҲڴϺӡ
һԵͷүԸ
лл磡ûӿˡ
ʱעŻسС
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ò˵һȺвŵˡ
Ա߻ֱֻƺͺŮһġ
ǣǽTVĺöãöදҶͼɻֱֻӣùĶʽĿǣԹۿֱڼĽе
ܿӵֻĻϣˢһŷɻ
һˣԭȺŮһСšϣСTVֱƽ̨
ͻȻһ뷨
ЩŮֱͨﻪĴͳĻһǳõĴ⡣
˳뵽ﻪҽĻҲֱķ
Ȼֱʩչе̫ˣ϶ûдźظÿ˶ٹڡ
ֱƽ̨Ĺڶеǰ취
˳ʼţҪҪԼҲŪһֱƽ̨ҽĻЩȤҽۿֱѧϰŴ
һǰ鷳ûаڵĳͿֱͨøҽѧĶˡ
ȻҪǹӵġʮ롱аҽġɽ롱㿪ֱʩչҲûѧûᡣ
ջ˼󣬳ۿŵıݡ
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ڱݵʮŮ⻰΢΢ü
һͣߵֱǰ˵ʷƣСһӰ࣬ǱҲΪ˹ġ
ùѵƽ̨Ʋ𣿡ʷƵ̲ǺŸTVǩֱͬ͵Ϊƽ̨󣡶Ҽݣվţ
ŭԣ߻سмࡣ
ǵĺȷʵΪȤݣǰѱݵɹҪ׬Ǯ
˱ͽTVǩֱͬ
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ΪֱҪ룬ֱƽ̨ȻҪ߰ٷ֮ʮ
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ʷһͬĶûУŮϴȥ
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ҲƵļһǿŵĳԱǡ
λ˧磬лл㡣ղŲ㱻Ůм˵
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Ҫֱƽ̨Ůĺͬ飬ȫŵĿų
ûǸҸϵʽʱǩԼ
Ѿ¾Ҫֱƽ̨ˡ
ҪΪ˺ﻪҽøȰҽҽѧϰʮ롣




1047¡
 

뺺פֱǳ˳ְСæ
Ϊŵʵܲ϶ӵкܶ˿
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ɿһ㸻ӡ
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绰ͷʩΰʮָмȫС㣬Ҳʡ𷿣ڷ𣿡
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˵ţʩΰ§żߵ¡
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Ůʩΰų㣬ͳͬӵġ
ɩӺá
ˣǵơǵ͵ũŮʵ顣
ʩΰԼţͻȻʲôʵΰأôӭӣǲֶڷϷȥ
áӦһ䣬תһȥ
üһĨΣȴ׽ˡ
ɫʵ磬ΰҲʡˣ
ǰҵܵãʡŹʲôһĳϷˣʩΰһܵܣЩꡣ
ʩΰʱ
ʵ򣬳ĬԣһȴȤֻȥϷ
ڳӡУʩΰһ꣬ʵǲ
һ߳˵磬ΰ˵Էˡ
СӣһòûУƤǲǣʩΰþҪվѵһʩΰ
ȴ˻磬ˣȺȾưɡ
ãΰʩΰֻסŭóҲ
˱߳Ժȣȥϴ룬ʩΰºȲ衣
Сţȥΰ㡣ʩΰһҪȥʩΰ
ЦЦҸȥɡ
֪ʩΰ϶Ӧʱʩΰһپֵòˡ
ʩΰ룬ֻôӦ
߽ʩΰķ䣬ֻʩΰɫ˷ܣڲϵĲ̡
µĻʩΰǽܻϷ
ΰˣкʩΰüͷ
ȵȣʩΰƺ򵽹ؼʱ̣û
ʩΰһƣס
ΰɡ֪ϷˣͻȻ˴ϣ϶ܲˬ
ϳУҲһζݵʱɣԹΣλΡħȵȡ
ʩΰһ
Ƚ֪ȥɵĻǶԲĸԽˡ
ֳ֪Եζͬܡ
˳֪Դ꣬ܽ⣬Ӧȷķǻع;
˼ӣʩΰĵĻ˸֣󼪴Լ
ΰòһ䡣
ʩΰתͷѹ˷˵磬ˣҲ𣿡
ֻģͱԶˡ΢΢Ц
깵ͨõķʽǺϷ
ʩΰе㲻˼ˣԴ磬Բ̫ˣûгк
ߣҲ֪ԣ֪ǰɣʩΰѵС֪СжʡȥȥҪҸԣ㿴һѹȾ֪˶ǮڶⲿԵˣǲݰһ
磬þֵԿԴ涼һT֪Ҽܴ󣡡ʩΰе˸ı
óʩΰ仰˵е顣




1048¡Ǯӵ
 

㻹˵ֵԣҸһ鶼˰ɣȻǼ׬ǮˣҲôӻ
ʩΰũСǳڼ
ȻѾΪǣԺÿ궼׬ǧ򣬵ǲϲ˷ѡ
ʩΰ˵øˣĵͷȥ
ͻȻ뵽ʩΰղ˵Ļе㲻Ծ
Ǿ䡰ԿԴһT
ԵûʲôоҲ˽š
ԿȻͻͽԴҲûôﵽһT
콢ԿRTX2080TiҲ11GԴ棬1T1000G
ȻڵԿʲôڿƼԴﵽ1T
˳ΪʩΰܱܿԵļƭˣ
ΰ򿪵ҿɫ˵
ʩΰһŬһ˿Цݵ磬ûʲôÿİɣ
Ҳ׼һ̨ԣһġ˸ڡ
ʩΰߴٵΰ뿴ãʹ򿪸ʲôԥģ
áðɡʩΰֻôʾõ³ʦ
ԿʾΪRTX2060ţԿ1TԴ棩
ͺţȷʩΰıƭˡ
ΰòֹһô˰ɣ̽ʵ
ʱСʩΰڶסˣſǻҲǹҪôģ
㻹˲ֹһ飿ʩΰһ˵Ե˶Ǯ
磬ܵǸʩȪ˵һ䲻ʲôõԣҪǮ˵ʩȪˣҾģһֱϼǮʩΰӵĻش
Ȫȷʵ磬ԣӦûʲôŶԣӵǮˣʩΰüͷʵ
ʩΰͷҼӵˡ
٣ˣʩΰ־ŭһԣ˾ǧ飿
֣ʩΰЩըˡ
̫ܵûӱƭôǮҲʩȪΪ磬ȻҿܵܵǮ
ҲΪΡ
ڵһЩũˣһγУױ˺ƭ
ν·Ҫũ塱һ٩Ļʵݵġ
ȵȣľǧǮûôడʩΰͻȻвԾĵط
ʩΰӵóһÿʩȪÿ͸֧ˡ
Ȼҵÿȥʩΰˡ
ÿȷʵ͸֧ʮĶȣֻǲ֪ʩΰô֪룬ȻʩȪˡ
ߣҴȥǮʩΰ˵
ʩΰȴֺµɫ磬Ҫ˰ɣʩȪǸԳǺöˣǺģʱҲԸˢͽöΧסҲߣȥᱻ˴򡣡
ҽ˴磿ûġûУôǮ˻
ʩΰǼҪȥ
ʱʩΰ΢΢Ц磬ҴΰȥУʡᣬһЩС鷳һܹġ
Сô˼鷳㣬һҪȥǸʩȪһ٣ʩΰ뵽ʶӣһ
ļ磬ͷĽҰɡ
ΰǳϷ·ϺģȰһ¡ڶ仰ǳʩΰ˵ġ
ʩΰ룬Ӧˡ
ãǾ鷳Сˡ
˵ֻгȥʩΰӲȥˡ
Ȼ֪ͷأڴ˾߹ܣҽ
ɲΪܶԸЩԳǵļ̻졣
ΰţʩΰߴٵ
ʩΰֻ㷲ı߳ȥ
¥ϳĳʩΰڵ磬ҪǱȥ˰ɣǾˣЩǮĻǿ϶һٵģʩȪ֮ǰ˵ڵԳš
ôǷƵᣬǮƾΥ飬Ǹۡ߿˵
ʩΰ̾˿㿴ôΧͲ˵ˡ
ʩΰĬֵΰǰǮҪԺͱϷˣú簲ŵĹɣպóɣһֱϷϵġ
Ҹ簲ҽֲĶЩĵ飬Ϸ棿ÿȰ⣬ʩΰͻһԸз
ҵ츳ϷϣμӵӾΪְҵѡ֣
˵ʩΰһ˿˷֮ɫ
Ҫְҵ΢΢죬ΰȷˮƽܹﵽְҵĵز𣿡
ȻһֱаǰʮûʩΰԺ˵
¶ɫֻȥְҵսӾֲѵҸ粻á




1049¡ż
 

ҲΪãӾഺ㲻ܴһӡȰ
ʩΰƵĻҲ뵽ôˣ磬Ӧû̫עӾɣڶְҵѡֵнҲͶһмǧ򣬴׬һӻǮ
Ϸ츳ʩΰΪĶñȳҽѧ츳
ܳͷ׬ǮʩΰΪԼϷְҵҲԡ
ʩΰ˵ô϶ٴȰȴʩΰ˵磬㲻˵ˣҲıԼ뷨ġ
仰ǲ˵ʲôˡ
Ѱ˼ţôʩΰ뷨عʵ
˺ܿԳڣʩΰŵȥԳǶ¥
һ㶼ǵԵ꣬˸ΧҪҪԣȥǵˡ
ޱ飬ʩΰʩȪĵȥ
һĻԵļǶ֪˲ô򵥵ģкϷˡ
ڵʵⶼǳҵ˼Ǻòһ˿ͣͻݺݵĿһʡ
ʱԵ궼ûпţʩȪԼĵֻƵ
Ȫ硣ʩΰĻʩȪĿתſڴ
ʩΰĵһ곤վһʩȪüͷ΢΢һ塣
ΰôˣĵԳˣ
ʩΰʩȪɫе㲻ÿ㲻һشˡ
ɲôֱ࣬ӿڵʩΰһ̨ǧĵԣȴôҴǮ
ǮҵԶȥˣ㻹ǮʩȪʮţһ⺺ʲôãҸΰľõĵԣ
㵱ڻǰ˾ʮ𣿵һ۸񣬾֪ǮˣϻϽǮҲв
ʩȪһαв̲סЦһɵȰɣҸΰԣһԸһԸõͷΰôǮ׬ôˣһûʶͱұƱƣϿҹ
ʩȪƢԽԽʩΰӵˡ
磬Ҫ߰ɣ
ʲôȰѵʩΰ˵һ䣬ֿʩȪ˵ǲٿȥˡ
ǺǣԼɸˣҵԵ꿪ȥԵͷ㲻֪ʲôλʲôݣ
ʩȪ԰˵껰ߵſڣһֵǣҳˣ
һ䣬ʮԼ̣ܹɫĶס
Գǵмһ⣬ӿ˵Ǯ˾п˷ֹ
ʱǾͻһ𣬿ſˣÿ֪Ѷˡ
һ£ʮ׳꺺Χͨ˶Ҽˣֻܰװױӡ
СӣȪ£òͷ˰ɣ
ҲȪһƬ
ǿʼ⸱ŵʩΰе㷢ˡ
ȴм˵ôˣ
Ӵǣ㻹װǲǣֵǣСһɫƣ
ʩȪһ£ʮסȭͷ
ʩΰסԴѾ׼ͳһ𰤴ˡ
Ȼһ̣ʩΰͻȻɴ۾
ֻĳɨһȣƺʮӵ½Ƕû
ʮȴ·𱻴󿨳ײһ͵غɳȥˤ˸䡣
һĻʩΰ𺳵Ըӡ
ôû뵽Ǹȥɵĳ磬ȴ˲ɱʮ˵ָ֣
ʩΰͻȻԼе㲻ʶˡ
ôͻȻͱָ֣
ʩȪߣЩ°͡
һ𾪣ѿڽеӣ
˵ʮ˲ջ߳ȣ̸Ǯ
СӣΪ㹦ܺߣҲҴ绰ʩȪݺݵĵ
ɲǧ飬ò׿ӵôǮµˡ
˱̧ĴԸ
㾡ܴ򣬲ҵޡ뿴ʩȪıʲô
ʩȪдаϲóֻ绰
ӣ¥´ˡ
ϰٸ죬һ׳£ǰ
磡ʩȪһɫ
һĻͷӣԳǵÿ¶Ҫɸ統ѡ
С£ɨڵϵʮһۣȻɷʵ
ԣʩȪָų¶ЦݣСӽʲôֲ϶һָģ
СӣṦ˲𰡣ҵĳ£֪˭𣿡Ƕ˵۾ȫǺɫĶס




1050¡֮
 

˭ûȤ֪ǿʩΰǧ飬̸Ǯʼջ仰
úͷӶ˵ʲô
仰ȴʩΰɵˡ
Ȼʶ֣߳ԷһĻϴһٶ
ѵҲǵ
ʶô˲䱩ŭһеϣС֪һ粻Ǻǵģ
Сܣܿжʮ
Ȼȴ͸ղһ
ʮһ֮ڣͱˡ
²ʩȪޱȣ¶֮ɫ
¿ɲԳǵļ̣ʵҪǿһЩ
һǶʮһϣȻҲƽ
Ǽˣоּпеĸ֡
ֵˣҲ϶򵥡
СܻҪϣȴ
Ȼ翴ʩȪʵղ˵ʲô֣
СӽгʩȪԵĻش
ŬԺŹڳֵļ䡣
ܸоַǳ죬ƺĳ˵
Ǹ˻ϴ
֮󣬻ɫ͵һ䡣
֣ƶʡ֮
뵽翴Ŀ⣬þɲ촽ԾĲ㣬ѵλͳʡеĳ
Ŷԭ㻹֪ݡ䡣
û̲ס˸
ͨһɫ̿֡ηԲ𣬳Ҳ֪
ԳµһĻĿɿڴ
ǰһ̻绹ҫȴƵġ
ʩȪ˶סˡ
ǻתͷСŭ
СǾɵҲ׳϶ʡм򲻿ܰǵϴųӡ
ȷʵŲˣȫɪɪ亹ֱ
Ǵ˵еĳ
ʡһн컪ҪϹϾĴ
һ仰Ϳͷء
ܲη壿
˿ѾڻɣԼСܱܲסˡ
ʩȪԭأû֮
еıˡ
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費۾ѵǮҿӣҪ𣿡ߴ
ʩȪñͷģԲ𣬶Բ𣡻֪ˣǮ
ΪǮܽҸ㣬겻ÿˣ֪ʾĻԻء
ˣҲҿˣʩȪæӦ
ͣ¶ԳСʵ֪Ĵ𣿡
ԳǶÿˣ
һ仰ûȫ
ԳǹرյĻ൱ڶϵһ·
粻κ飬ֻͷû⣬˵㣡֮ǰһеԵţ
УԺҲϣκεطձѣĻûЦñȿ޻ѿ
ձѣʡȥ
°ֵأܲܿһ¡
ݣôЩǽѵˣһһнţ彡ձѻܱ𣿴ӽͨͨȥ
һһס
ޱȵĻϴȥʵ̫ˣ
ɱֵ񣬻ŵûɢԥĴӦǶĻ쿪ʼ
ĵͷʩȪǮ˻󣬱Żڷʩΰ뿪˵Գǡ
棬ʩΰŻعԲŵĿڵ磬ôô书ָߣûϴô£㲻ʲôϴаɣ
ȻǡЦЦˣȥɡ
ҵûˣȥҲû˼ʩΰ뵽û棬ʮʧ䣬˶޾ɡ
ж̫ˣ΢һ룬ǹһȵΰȻ㲻ȥȥ
磬ҪҴϷʩΰΪԼˣʵ
ûϷ΢ЦǺͱս
磬㲻ڿЦɣʩΰһӾˡ
Ŀȴ棺ûЦһϷӮˣӦԺϷĻúùӮĻҲֹϷһ˵֧μӵӾ
ģʩΰиּ֮ɫ
ǳڣôʩΰԲְֹҵˡ
ʩΰǲ̫ųĻȷһ£˼ʵ磬϶ӮҵģôĶĶ




1051¡
 

ʩΰǵóʱCS־Ӣʱļȷʵá
ڵͬնˡ
ϷаǰУʩΰID
ʩΰ֪֮ûôϷ
ˮƽ϶öࡣ
ȴǹŵЦݵһԣô֪Ӯˣ
磬˵ģˣҪ֧Ҵְҵʩΰ治ڿЦøˡ
ʵڿǿһֱ˾ӮңҾͰǩֱһְ֧ҵսӣô
˵ʩΰзŹ⡣
ھȥɣһҽбģҺ졣
µͼȻյ֮ǰ
³ȥ
ǳ֣λ
ɨһۣкܶԼϷ
ûλˡ
磬ģϰʶңֻҪһ仰͸ǰõλáʩΰ·صԼļҡ
緢ʮ㣬·һƵģȫ֮ǰľګ
ҵʩΰȥʱڴϷˣ׷ʩΰк
磡
ϴ󣡡
񣡡
ˣƺʩΰ
һŮӺʩΰ˧С֮ĳƺ
ΰڱǴǰΪ˵
ʩΰеĻشҪǶ֪ϷãһδμÿζǵһǶʶˡ
ͷʩΰ֮ǰ˵Լã治Ǵꡣ
ʱߵ̨ǰӺʵΰһμϷ˭
磬ҽ硣ʩΰ˵ţͳԼ֤С޹ǿ̨ӣҪͳ絥Ϸ
Ҫ
ʩΰ仰һڣС޹ܾȣ˶˹
Ȼ˸Һʩΰ
ѵƽƽҲһλ񲻳ɣ
ΰְҵѡĸսӵģС޹ںʹ£գ۾ʵ
ûʩΰش𣬳㿪ڵҲʲôְҵѡ֣߰ûõϷˡ
С޹΢΢һ㶡
Ϸöû棬ôʩΰ
ԻᱻŰ
ΰǴġС޹ֻⷽ롣
ʩΰ˵ʩΰܺã
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ǵҲвϷ֣ÿһʩΰˣһⶼܱ
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ʩΰҡҡͷǶԳܵʡʶϷѣܺãĸ˻һҵսӡ
λгǰɣְҵģΰδζŰȰͲҪŰˡųӹһ˿м
Ϸõˣĸ⵽صĴܡ
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ʩΰ֮͵˵ҵӮ˵Ļͻ֧ҴְҵһҪǩǵսֱʱǾʽȥμӸִͱˡ
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磬ĿϷҵΪңʩΰǳţɳѡϷ
Χ۵ҲȻ
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CSɣǵʮΣ˭ɱࡣ˵ţϷ˵CS
û⡣ʩΰҲϷ
û뵽ϷCSȷʵܿһҼϷ
˵Χ£ʼˡ
ѡõͼͼ֮󣬳ռһѲǹͱʩΰþѻǹͷ
ȷ˲10
˿һʧ
ΪҺʩΰ϶ԡ
û뵽ȴǲһ
磬Ҫ𣿡ʩΰתͷʵ
Űɱ50Ƿǳ飬жǼҵĳѿ
ɫƽ͵˵þû棬еɡ
һ׷ױġ
˾ǲˣô׵ĽҲ˵ó
ʵȷʵˣϾһCSѾ߰ǰˡ
ڵĳʺͷԷӦ֪ǰǿٱ
ʵУҪϰԳΪ֡
ϷϷľ˵ķӦٶȣָľ
ЩȻѲ
ڶֿʼѾӦˡ
Ϸͼǹһ̣·һӰʩΰٿصϷɫ
飡
ʩΰϷɫðͷͷըһѪ
һǹͷ

ȫһƬȻȫŵĿŵĻ±ȷ֡
11




1052¡Ű
 

ڵǰʩΰסˡ
׳ô쵽ġ
ԴӳΪϷʩΰûбͷ
ѵã
ʩΰ漴²⡣
ΪCSϷɷ͵ģ
ֻһֿܣԼļ˶һλɱ
վڳʩΰС޹Ҳסˡ
ʵС޹еϲʩΰһֱΪʩΰϷ޵еġ
С޹ʩΰȫսǵ
ʩΰսޱȻԻͣС޹ΪʩΰѾϵЩ
ȴһ߰ûCS˻ɱһΣС޹ȫš
ʩΰҵսӵѣ͸ˡ
ѾӵְҵļԲ֪ҵѡҪְҵѡֵѶжߡ
˶סתͷʩΰ˵ֿʼˡ
ãʩΰعʮֵרע
ΪǾġ
˵ĻⱲӾҲɴְҵˡ
˲ٿϷɫѸټǹͼĳ·ڣ·꣬ͬʱǹ
飡
ϷɫѪܼףֻʣһ˿ѪƤ
ʩΰϷɫȴٴαͷȥ
ԲۣӮˣ
Χ۵ǾԾ̾
С޹Բ۾ס΢΢ſ͡
ôܣʩΰһսӺ𾪵Ľе
㿪Ҷûôɣ
˭ǰôû˵ôϷ֣
һЩϷʮȰϲңʼ²
Ǵûڸݡ
ҳҲûڸ
ðظ֣
ʩΰѾʼˡ
ͱ˱Σǵһôš
Ȼȷֲ21ѹʵ̫̫
磬òƭңʵЩһֱϷɣʩΰתͷЦ
ƭʲôɡЦЦ
ʩΰȫһ
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Ҳװ̫ˣ
ЩУϷ츳ٸߵˣҲҪͨϰ߼
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ʩΰ˸ǱĲˡ
ǹ𣬱ȷֱ31
Ѿ˵ˡ
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Ķһŵıȷֲ
ʩΰһˤ꣬ס˫ۣˣ
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һǵô˵棬ʩΰоޱȵĳ衢
˶óʩΰ
ָо˶ͬܡ
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ܰʩΰŰĸ֣ҪǼĳְҵսӣսӱضңɨϷ¡
ǳ˵Ļȴˡ
ʩΰļԼԺ㲻ٴϷԹĻɡ
׹ԭʩΰĶĶȻΪʩΰϷ
һλϷñ˲ϷҲζԼҲ档
츳ʵ̫˷ˣ
˶ܲ
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ĬȻ
С޹ʩΰѶǰο
ʩΰսӳԱҲܾɥʧ䣬ΪǵϷְҵڴ˿ˣ
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ǳ죬ܿ뵽ϣʡ㳡ǸTVĳʷơ
Ȼһ̣ʷƾֺ߽ˣһȺͬŵˡ
Ⱥ˺ܴ³ƿңڳһƬռ
Ȼ߳һŵװ̿ŮŮмɫŨױĨһֲĸо
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ҷôˣ
ѵֱģ
ˣʷƺߺȵϰأϿ
ϰæܵʷǰЦݵʷܣʷҷùҪֱ𣿡
TVĳλܸߣҺһĻǽTVŮӰǳϰ֪ԼúдĻֻҪҷֱ˵һ仰군ˡ
ⲻǷϻ𣿷ҷòֱѵСϷʷһм˵




1053¡ҷ
 

ʷ⻰÷ǳìܡ
ȻϷôΪʲô￪ֱ
ⲻǸ
ʷƺͷҷʩΰ߹ʱ˴ʲô
ʩΰϴҸ˵ģ㿼ǵôˣ
˼һǲǽTVǩԼʩΰʷƣ۵ӹһ˿֮ɫ
֪ʷƾǽTVһӣרŰTVѰЩʵϷңȻƭǩӺͬ
֮ǰĺžôʷƿӵġ
ڽTV飬ֱѾ˾֪ˡ
ʩΰҵսӵȻ
ʩΰĻʷƶʱüͷʩΰҶǩԼˣǸô˵ţé®ɼǽTVô㣬һ㶼ӣ
Ĳƽ̨ǩԼ˵ˡʩΰҡҡͷ
˿ܵ䣬ΪĶĶⱲӶϷˡ
Ǻǣʩΰˣ㣬ƽ̨Ůҷ㿴˼ҷҷãֱһ׬ǧļֱټƽ̨һҲ׬ôࡣʷƹĶ࣬гա
ʩΰǲΪΪҲֱ֪׬Ǯ𣿵Ҿǲƽ̨ǩԼ߰ɡ
ʩΰ˹ִʷɫһڣҪ쭡
ʷܣɡŮҷǰһ⹴˵Ŀʩΰ
ҪȰ˵ʩΰͻȻʩΰԱߵһǳ졣
һ̣ҷ۵ӹһĨӵ
˿ȴ׽һ
ҲԼҷãŮױ̫ŨˣһʱҲ벻￴
ҷһ˲ӿ˼עŻʩΰϣΰǶǰˮģͬѧͿҵϣǽTVɣԺ㲻ܹǧһϷӣǱͨңöࣿ
һλŮΪ˸ʩΰ˼ư
TVΪǩʩΰ˹
TVĹ㣬ʩΰкܴǱһδҡǮ
ΪʩΰϷ̫ˣϷ
ֱ뼸ǧ
ͬʱҲֱƽ̨׬
Գʩΰûƽ̨ǩ£ҲûдϣTVԼ͵ļ۸ǩ
гһʩΰΪȥǩԼǩԼҪǧˡ
ԽTVŲϧԼҵŮʩΰ
ҷôԸԽʩΰȻҲԼ뷨
֪ʩΰϷã֪ʩΰ֪ʩΰĵܵܡ
Ҳ˵ʩΰͬǸСӣǸӵˡ
ܹʩΰҷþʹ˳ֱ磬ܸ̫
ҷֿܻŮʵϲûбʡ
Ҫֱܵƽ̨Ĺܿء
TVĺƽ̨ĿƸ쳣ϸ
ҷõĻȷʵʩΰЩġ
ֱϷμӸְҵ£
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ʩΰ˿ķǳʹࡣ
ҷҲܴӦ㡣ʩΰҧ˵
ҷû뵽ʩΰܾʵΪʲô㲻һֱϷ׬Ǯ֤Լ𣿡
ΪҴӦ磬Ժ󲻻Ϸˡʩΰʮֿɬ
˶Ϊϧ
꣬Ϸȷʵ̫ϧˣ
ڵʱϷǵӺĹѾôء
ϷҲܳΪһְҵ
ҸϷ¶Ѿͣγһҵ
츳ˣΪְҵѡҲǺܲĳ·ֻҪԵ˿ࡣ
ʩΰ仰ҷڰĿŵϡ
ղҷ˵ʩΰͬѧҲŮ˭
ҷãҷͳͬڰˮж顣
ֻǳǳҷĳһ
ߵúãиԣҷע⡣
ĳ䣬ҷд˷ڳ֪Ǹһѧдġ
ҷûһо˱ɴĻؾˡ
ҷΪʮСŮܾ˲ģд˼
Ȼû˶ҷʾһøС
ǵҷˡ
ȴҷ˺ۣΪ䵭ĮӣΪǿ
ԼҷΪŮٴŻвѰķӦ
ȻɲǾδϣǾõϲһ˿оǳġ
ȻóҷеԹ




1054¡ı
 

ҷ⸱飬֪ܿܶԵ飬Ĵ١޷ͻ
һɶˡ
ǵõаҽУǿϲҷ
ΪҷױŨޣҲͼǰͬȻݵġ
Ǹ崿СŮȴŨױĨŮѾͳ·ˡ
ҷöųе㸴ӣ˸о֮䲻򵥡
ȻкϷˡ
ֻҷİ㿪ڵԼˣʲôʸʩΰϷ뿴׬Ǯ𣿡
ҷ
ʩΰҪ⣬ȥҷϵΰڻС֪նЩԼû£ñ˺á
ҾʱҲкܶ˵Ҳܳɹڱ˵лŮ⣡
أֱһʡ˱
ǰЩҵ׳ʲôˣ񵱳ƨ𣿡
ҷⷬ˵ֱ׳õų˵ʮֽ
С޹ȴںСֱֹô¶𣿡
Χ۵˵УһЩҲġ
ϷŮҲֱǶԷҷõӡܲã֪ҷþǿű¶Թۿֱ
ҷְĿŵϣԼòãûȨΰ£ȻҾܱ֤ΰǩǧ򼶱ĺͬأܰΰʲô
ɫƽ˻Ϊҷ˵òҷˡ
ʱʷͻȻеСӣǽϴӵǸ𣿡
ʷܣô£Ҵ㣿ҷ΢΢ü
ʷŭĵҽȥʡԱߵĹ㳡ݣСӶ£ֹҽѵųԱһû㣡
ʷô˵ȫĿ⿴ų
˭ãȻTVĳ
Ҫ֪TVȫڶֱƽ̨ӱĿɲʵϰıԴ
ݴTVϰĳ壬Һڰͨԡ
и˿ĴͽTVַΥԼȥƽֱ̨Ȼֱڼ䣬ȻһȺ˳һ١
ǸʧӰ٣·˼һ㡣
ֵô˭֪ǽTVϰµ֣ϰȴһ鶼ûС
ɼ䱳ôǿӲ
ʷֳҲ˺ٻϾԼϰš
ҷųŪʧ㶼ʮˣôϲ£ͳִˡ
ҷμִѧ
ʵˡ
ڰˮƶСطѧУĻѧܶ࣬Ļ۸ʵѧ
ֻмοǵΪֱʵѧѡ
ľٶڵҷǷǳ˧¸ҵġ
ҷˣڵ۹⿴飬Ϊб˳϶첻á
ҷɲǵƾʷƶ֣жϡ
ֱҷʶ㣬۹÷ǳ
ӳϵţԼʱ仹죬֪˿һϵʧߡ
ҷ˿̷ǳڣԼΪʲôϹۣϳ
ʲô̫࣬תʩΰ˵ǻȥɡ
ҪʩΰߣҷͻȻȵȵȣΪʩΰ˭ƾʲôߣ
ΰ˵ǽƽ̨ǩԼ㻹ʲôķʵ
Ȼǰΰͷأʵ룡ҷ˵ùûʣʷһۡ
ʷᣬߵʩΰǰ˵ϰѾˣֻҪƽ̨ǩԼһܸнһսӲμӴͱʱһһֱǮյǧ򣬼ϱ𣬹㻨ӵģ֮ǰôְҵھͺúÿ
ʩΰδشսӵѣѾ˫ĿŹˡ
TVĸôõĴǻʲôԥģǩԼ
ҷЦֻҪΰƽ̨ǩԼܳΪ뼸ǧĴʸվһ𣿲ö𣿶ܸΰʲôΰ˾򹤣һ¼ǧǮ
ЩĻ˵ҷķǳ泩
˭óһٶľܾ
ﰮʲ
ʮֿЦ
ǸдСŮ׵ıˡ
գһЦҸıˡ
磬ѵ㣿ʩΰɴ۾
ΰµûھְ֧ҵһһǧнǩҵƽֱ̨
˻һȫȻ




1055¡ͱ
 

˵ĵһӦǾóڴţơ
ôһͨͨȻҪֱ˾ҪñȽTV߳һнǩʩΰ
˭ţ
ҷų·һЦмвм
ΪóûȴǿװƵˣ̫ˣΪǵӺģõǰװ
ʷֱЦСӣ˵Ҫֱ˾ҪǽTVˣΪ׸֮˺а
ϷĶ֪׸֮˺Ҳ˸ֱƽ̨èTVѾƲˡ
ɼֱ˾Ƿնôߵ飬ΪǰĴֱ˾⼸˾Ҳһֱڿ
ֱֶĸһ
˿˿һĻȻҲЦ
ɫȴǳ棬ʩΰϲ
ֻʩΰų
磬Ҫǩң
ûһԣ׷ҵֱ˾̾ͺǩͬ
һ˼ǣı⡣
ʩΰϷΪ˴ʩΰ
Уʩΰ츳رߡ
50ϷУϷɫÿһζʩΰֻʣһ˿ѪƤ
Ҳ˵ʩΰϷĲͷӦϵϵõаҽеĳˡ
ɱһλϷš
һ潲Լ׷ңڣҲֹʩΰԼȰ飬ο黹ʩΰ׬Ǯͷء
һóıԭ򣬾ǳΪʩΰֶϷţֱܹ˾޴Ч档
ڵĴתƽ̨ܴȥ˿
ʩΰļ룬Ϳóֱ˾ˡ
̫ˣȷϣʩΰҪᡣ
ҷȴȫʩΰΪʲôôġ
ѵĿֱ˾ܸһǧнɣ
ΰǲɵ񿪵ֱ˾ƭˣҷ⻰Ƿĵġ
֪ʩΰճᣬ˼뻹Ƚϵ
ʩΰѹס͵ҷ㲻֪׬Ǯˣڴ˾߹ܣнܸߵġ
˾߹ܣҷٴδ˳һ¡
磬⸱ʣȻǴ˾߹ܣ˭ţ
߹ܻϳϷ
ҷ֪Ҳ͸ձҵûʲôϵôͻȻϸ߹ܣ
ôֻһܣʩΰıƭˡ
ʵʡҽҩҵǺģڳҽҩ˾ˣ϶ϳ
ȫǴϷˣôܻȥעҽҩҵˣ
һױԼ۾ƭ
ûһ˾߹ܵӣ׿˵ԼϼϯҽʦҲû˻
ΰıƭˣʲôʲôһ֪𣿾ܵϸ߹ܣҷгм
ʩΰ뷴
ҷ˵ĻᣬǿѻҲģ˾߹һ༸нֱܿ˾һǧֱ̫֪ͬˣֱ֪ҵжǮ
ȻС޹Ƕҷӡ󲻺ãȴⷬ˵÷ǳе
˼һ׸֮˺пèTVˣ˵򣬾Ǽǧ򡢼ڶֱҵܿܶϢ
ҷҲҪţʱ䵽Ȼ֤úͱʵѧö˵оڵҷ÷ǳ
ǻƲ
ΰ߰ɡ
ȵȣ
ҷڶν
㻹£üͷ
ڸеͷˡ
Ǹҷͱ˵ĵųҪ㵱Źۿֱİ˿ڳ˵棬ҵǸ
ʷܣ鷳ֱ򿪣
ȻҷΪʲôͻȻҪǸʷƻóֻ򿪽TVֱAPPȻѾͷ׼ҷͳ
ʶ飬ܿܳΪһ󱬵㡣
ΪʲôҪǸÿЦ
ҷԹ㻹Ϊʲôеʱдô㣬ʲô˼ѵҵòŵ̬һ˿д飬ȻôĮҾܾң֪жУ̸ҵǸ
ҷⷬһƬȻ󲨣ʷֻĻĵĻҲըˣ
ΪŮķҷãȻ׷һ˿
ֱıըţ
㵱ĳ࣬ɲǹϷʵĻȡ
һ仰ЩҷѪ
ڰʾݣ
ҷֱķ˿ˣ׷׷ĻʲôԻﶼС
ǼһԸȷܾˣƾʲô˵УҾƯһ޼
㣡ҷ˫Ŀðǲķ۵׷·Ҫ




1056¡ʱ
 

˶仰ˡ
ڷҷֱ˿Ĺۿ£ȻλŮΪ޼
һ˲֮䣬ֱĵĻױըĻǵ顣
Ļһⶼ
ʷŭӳô˿ֱôĹԱһϣѳɲзϡ
ʶֵʩΰеΪˡ
Ȼʩΰ֪ܴʷƴˡ
ĿǷҷֱǧ˿
Щ˿ǿԲзۣΪһŮʲô鶼ܸɵó
ָͻ֯¾ۻᣬȻȥҳˡ
ֲǷҷñĽTVԽTVϰıҪŪһͨ׾١
Ͼ֮ǰǸǳĴŪ˼ˡ
С޹ȼŮӰΪĴָóúá
СӣҷöҸ㣬˳군ˣǽTVŹģʷƶݺݵв
ȴȫΪ⣺ʱ㡣
𣿡ҷΪڷ˿ǰӲסŭ𣬲мĶų˿ҿңҺͽTV֪ôҸ㣬ҵϰ岻ƾֱļʮʵۣʡ첻ȥ
֪ҷ仰ǿͷϵĿţпܷġ
ۿֱˣÿֱʮ飬ӵСʵۡͷΡ
¸´ﲻʮĻʵۡͷҲ֮ʧ
Ҳ˵ֻŴʵͷΣϾһάͷΣҪһٶʮ
ҷֱмʮʵͷε⼸ʮͨܶԿˣ
ô֪𣿡
ҷ߰Ū˵
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ڳһЩãܾҷȷʵЩ޴ҷһǱڵҡǮ
ǳӦҷѣھͿԵҷˡ
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пûк֮⡣
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ҷųȥиŨŨԹ
֪Ϊʲô֪˵ĶǴţĻǸоܲƺԼûд򵽳
ʷںźݻеճµСӣҪҿֱ˾͵űǽTVѹɣ

ʩΰͻؼңԼٻص԰ʱѾҹʱ֡
صᰡƳκ˶û˯
ƺڵ
ôˣôڿţʵ
Ƴΰ˳һۣһȥ˾ǣƱ㺮֢ˣ
ŻȻ򣬵ǸȻһЦʵᰵĺ֢ƳѾ°׶Σһûʲô󰭡
ߣûʲô󰭣˵ұ㲻ġƳιƲ
⻰˵óᰶеΡ
ͻȻЦƳã㵹ǶԳܵ飬ͦİʲôʱô޽ˣ
ʲô޽㡢㲻Ҫ˵Ƴ˫ӹһĨΣޡ
ˣҪ˵ˣо۵Ļٰưɡڿڣ͸¶űɽ˵ʡ
Ҳۣھ͸ơ
ߵ£ᰰһ£óСϡ
ûʲôƷʽȴƳκ۵Χ£ձе컡
һҸҴ㿪һֱ˾
ֱ˾
Ůһ
׳ΪʲôͻȻ֮䣬뷨
ôͻȻ뵽ֱ˾Ƴκʵ
ͬʱİţûпǷhԭ
᰾ãΪ˴Լҵ
Ϊ֮ǰһֱóԸΪɢڿܱóˡ
Ͼ˻ҪԼҵС
ֻ᰾ÿֱ˾Щס
ҵĳԣΪֱͨҽĻڻĹĻشʱҵֱƽ̨Ҫֱ䣬Ǳ֥ãҽֳʩչʮ룬ǿ϶⴫Ĺ
ڱ֥ÿֱƳٴס




1057¡ֱ
 

ò˵뷨̫쿪ˡ
Ƴξʮֵ档
ʵĿų
ҽֱ
ǲ̫Ӧˣ
ۺĿˣʱʱе⡣
۱ΪԼѾǳ˽Ǳ⾪ȵˡ
ܵܣΪϲңʲôʱӣͻȻҪҽĻˣ
᰺ƳҲдʡ
Ǿóָеʥˡ
۵ʣ΢΢һЦƽ˵ҼȻӵҽҪЩʲô
ʷϸţˣĸϣԼʷŨīزʵһʣʷǧأ
Ůһ
ǵȻϣԼܹǧţΪĽܳ
⣬Դѧϰҽ֮󣬿ҽѧ̫ˣҽǳƲرҵЩҽǻĵҽҲҽƫܴ֮Աǣıƫ֤ҽõҽѧ仰ǷԷθġ
ҽįΪЦ̳һҽĳôһƲҽ
֧㡣ϸһĨЦ⡣
ԽԽˡ
ԼĿֻ꣬ϼԽԽ׳
Ѿһָ߶ȡ
ƳĿڵҲ֧㡣
ܵܣ̫ˣ˵ý㶼Ѫˡ۵Ϊֱס
ƳΰȥһۣӣѪڡĸ˵ζˡ
ȷʵ۵һһﶼȻ󣬲˻Ů˶ѳֲס
лл֧֡Цֱ˾Ҫʽֻʣ¼ڣҪϼŰ
ȥ˾ǣڷhϻڣ˼h
˳⻰һڣŮ
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뵱ϼŵܲãƿؼȫʲҲһ˿ԥ
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뵽ڽֲιڻƼᰵ۹⣬ûʲô⣬ͷӦǾ鷳ˣ
㣬ԳãȥһŮܾƳεĴִ̳ˡ
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Ҳ۹⣬ˣƳҲæҵֱ˾óƳλĴ⡣
ʵ԰Ųûʲôرо
òȻòǻ㲻϶ŮƳβһ󵵴Ρ
ƳӣܾźˣҪҴʲô
Ƴã԰ֱһԵЦ
ҿֱƳ΢΢һͻȻʲôҾֱʩչͽܻҽûʲô˿˸ܿЩĶʱô죿
Ѿǹ⣬Եȹ˾ҪķѴʽƽ̨档ǳõĶԲߡ
ʱȴЦӯӯĵˣƯŮܻܶԹۿƳñЩƯŮҪһٱҪƳڱֱ֥˲мǧ
ԣЦЦǧ˹ۿ̫ˡ
ȻƳò񻰣ҷֻױݼŮҪÿöࡣ
ʱҪĻֱҲԡƳξ۵˵ȷʵе
ܸİ
ƳΣҲϣ㿪ֱĶסƳεϿֱԺܶ඼ŮʱԻĵĻҲ㿴Щۻ൯Ļ
ʵһ仰û˵
ǾƳŮˣƳܵκ¡
ȻΪ᰺Ͳô˵ˡ
ƳѾ⣬ķ·Ƶģ΢΢ͷԴߵĵðɣҲֱҽֱ¹ۿ٣㻨Ǯ棬ЧҲá




1058¡ȡ
 

Ƴã֥ÿֱʱżھͷ¶ܵӦò۰ɣ⹴˵Ƴ˳һۡ
۵飬Ǿò
ֱڼ䣬Ƴżһ¾ͷһƳ϶ڵĺġ
ż¶𣿡ƳҲԣΪڿǡ
żĻûʲô⣬ƵһһɡƳΣ΢Ц
ʱЦڵܵܣҲֱŶ
仰ʵ⣬Ҳڰ̽ķӦ
֪ԴƳΣ̬Ȼ᲻᲻һ
۶ҲֱЩڻ̫񡭡仰Ѿ˵úˡ
ʵʺϵŮŮ
Ϊ̫Ȼ̫ˡ
һһǷ֡
ֱʲôҲɣż˵һ仰Ҳڡ
ȻĹǵƣƳζ߱ġ
ôԼŮֱ⣿
һǣǾ۵ݱȽУSŮɱֱ֣ĻܻõӰ졣
÷һûйƫƳΡ
ΪܹﵽԼİˣۻüۺЦ˵ܵܣƾ棬ûʵĻ̫˹ۿһ˷˴ľ޶ʽԽһŮֱֻֻ¶۾Ҳᴩ̫¶ÿֱֻһСвУ
ֻ¶۾΢΢죬⵹ʧΪһķ
˵ľ˫ۣ㲻¶չģƾһ˫۶ԵǧŮ
ֱƽ̨ΪŮĻͿʡȥʽˡ
ȫ磬˼۵ݡ
ֱĻûϵó
ðɣֻҪ۶Ը⣬ǵʱҾǩ㵱ŮڴӦ
۸һۣɲܰŮŶ
仰˵Ǽջ˾ƺһ˼
ѹͷĻȣ˿̵Ѿ뵽ණ
綥ɱ֣Կֱ
ôʶڶҲԡ
ƴʦֱ϶˹ۿ
ֱʡ߱书Ҳһߡ
Ϊֱƽ̨
ȻԶԶʵǿҲҪȰƽ̨ȥ
ֱ˾֮ϼŹ沿ƹɡ᰿˳˼ڵ
ţʹõñȽ϶APPƹ㡣뵽ֱƵĹ淽ʽ
֮ǰһжʱᵯ߶Ĺ档
˵ĶƵֱûкܴص̶ȡ
Դ˴׼˸Ķ
İɣһù沿һгСҵŮʣƹָ֮ˡ
ֵȥ̨棬ʶʡȦҡ
ȥҵ̨£ҰɡƳԸ¡
ɲʲôæñˣԼȴʲôˡ
ҲãƳ㵽ʱȥҵ̨沿С㡣΢ЦӦ
˵ô࣬ܵ㻹û˵ֱƽ̨ʲôأ
ʱʳŮܹĵ⡣
ȡúãϿڣҲǷǳҪġ
⵹ó˳Ĭ
Ϊȷʵûֱƽ̨֡
ڹļƽ̨ö֡
ֱ˾Ϊ˺ﻪҽȡȻҲҪҽйء
ǳãûһȽϺʡҽص֡
ճΪũTV
ũǻʼ棬׻е׵۾ũϡ
ԹഫũٲݣũϷ˻ҽҩҲΪҽʼ档
ȻũTVֲʤũ֪ȸߣҲ֪ũٲݵĴ˵
پƹ㣬ܿ춼֪ũTVҽġ
Ϻ󣬳ŮԻط˯ˡ
ڶ죬ȥԼֱ˾ѡַƳǰʡ̨
̨úƳκܿ沿ҵæµΡ
ãһ档Ƴһżɽ˵
ʲô棿Ƴ¡
ģѾʶϼŵĳڳ׼һֱ˾ǵ̨æƳ˵⡣
¶֮ɫҪֱ˾
ûֱƽ̨ѾȡˣũTVҪҽĻƳο۾˵̨ûƽʱΣũTV棬֪ܲܰæ




1059¡ѡַ
 


ƳθеǳǣһӦƺúΪѵӡ
֪ʵݣƶʡһ˵ĴڣҲۼǧʡһңԼںμұʱʢ
ӦûһʱӦŶԡ
ȴԥˡ
С㣬ģTVǩ¹ͬƽʱֻһֱƽ̨Ĺ棬ˡ޷ΥԼﱣòЦ˵
Ƴ΢΢üΣũTVǳӣûڻƽʱʲôTVδ̫Եˣô¢ⲻϹ淨ɣ
ʵҲæȷʵͽTVǩºͬС֪ܲTVȫֱƽ̨֮һֱ˾ϰ壬ܴ󡣡˵ƺɵ֮⡣
Ϊʡ壬¢ƶʡȦΪҴСȴԽTVϰܼɵƳθӾˡ
Σ֪ҲܴѵȲTVϰ𣿡
⡭˵ĺһ
˶ֿڵȷʵʡĵһˣǽTVϰɲֻƶʡô򵥡
ΣˣңTVϰ嵽˭Ƴε˺档
һɫ˵һ֣ط
طƳһ£漴ԲĿ϶λټط
û̾һС㿴϶˵طˣλټʵڳ֮°
û뵽ȻƳȷʵһѡ
壬ڽϵشĶ׹
ԹǸ־ĵǮƵĴ嶼дǧʷ
ƶʡʱԽ֮أʲôʡ壬ȫ޷뽭ϵشļȡ
Щ崫еִ
ĸΪΪĴ塣
ֱǻʸ塢塢Ϲټŷ塣
Ĵѷָ£ǽϵľްԴڡ
˵TVϰǶټطƳξҪΪˡ
ΣطּôῪֱ˾һҪΪũTV֣Ƴδʵ
ҡͷЦҲܽTVڶ˵ֻƱʰɣ֮ȷʵ޷ڻƽʱθ棬ǻƽʱλǿԵġ
ʵũTV棬Լʡ̨ܴܺѹ
Ϊλٲƶʡֱƽ̨ǽTV¢ϡ
֪ԶطԸ񣬾֪ũTVǳģҲͳŸɣð벽
ʡҪһֵȷѪˣ
ΣǻƽʱδҲԣǩͬɡƳ֪Ѵ˾Ͳǿˡ
ǩºͬƳ̨߳ܲã˸绰
ʱɫֱ˾ַܲ
˰ŹЭ
ʱƳεĵ绰˹ͨ󣬴Ƴε˵ڻƽʱθǴ棬ΪͽTVϰǩ˺ͬƽʱα¢ˣTVϰǽĴ֮һҵټطﲻҵǡ
Ŷ飿΢΢âطôԵҵũTV󣬶ط϶ֶԸҡ
طļĺǿ֣һҪСһ㡣ƳεС
ƳΣ㲻̫ģ㶫طĴ壬Ҳ
Ƴͨ绰һ
ţȥTVܲǱߣ΢˵
òȥҶطɣ̫嶯ŶһũTVе㵣ġ
ȻȥЦЦֻҪڽTVܲ棬ֱ˾ѡ
Ƕ棿סˡ
ҪͶطֱ˾̨
δЩ̫ˣ
ţ𷢴ˣ߰ɣ
˵ŰTVܲҵֿȥ
TVܲڵҵ֣ƶʡĵضΣ
Ҳ˵˶طȱǮ
ʡͷҵϼ֧֣Ҳں
ҪũTVٶȴTV̨õķ
Ȼһ˺ͽTV̨϶ᱻѹ֧顣
ͣó󣬺ͰߵTVܲǰ
ֻTVܲװ޵÷ǳɣһֱ˾ܲȻЩŵܲöҪԻ͡
ʲô¥µıĶԳȵ
俴˱һۣȻ԰˵ǵֱƽ̨ܲڶĴá
Բۣ˲ɴ۾
ѵԼ˲ɣ
ǰũȻҪڶ濪ֱ˾




1060¡ԩ·խ
 

TVܲõЩ۾úܣʲôû
ǻûģǮˡ
ҪǳԱ߻վһְװŮǿһ㶼ųĻ
İҲһ˿Ůǿ˵ʣȻûôǿ󣬵ЩУſ϶ǼŸ߹ܼ
ʵҲûŽϼźܿƾԼӪλá
ûҲɸ
Ҫֱ˾ڽTV棬Ź˳ĵͷȥͶõҵ̸
ҪͰŹȥ棬ʱֵϷ۵糸Ŀһ
ʲôµϡۡɯ٣жʮۻҡ
ЩǳţڽֵϺֱײŵ˷׷ױá
һĻ΢΢üͷ
Щ϶Щ竰ĸ
óͰŸеǣʮTVܲ򿪹ġ
ХУһӹͰԣͣڴõĴ֮ǰ
ӳһһƵŮ
ЩŮ÷ǳ·ֺʡ
мˣǳʶġ
ĺ߳ŮӣǽTVŮҷãҲǳҷ
ҷԱߵı߳ǽTVʷơ
ӣҷڽTVֱֱܲ
ŮҲܲµõǽTVĴ
ֻдʸ뵽ֱܲܺ
Сôʷһ³ĿһɨͿһŮվһ
Ļҷ˹
һͨ·ЩȻһıĲм
ȴǰһ
иֳǹ⡣
ƽڴּܿŮ
ʮƴֵĻŮˣ߷Ѿϡȱ
ܴ򵽰˷֣
ѾǼˣ
Щֱƽ̨ĵŮûƯ
ǰ۾ֱˡ
ҷһɡ
ƯŮôͳվһ
ѵ¹ϵ
漴ҷ²⡣
˿ݵôƯŮ
һװţп㣬ͨòͨ
ŴžµOLСװȲʧŮ崿־гְŮӢϢȥˡ
ôô
ҷɰĳŸ߹ܣֻǸŰŴӵġ
ûҵǸ컹ǽTVܲҷʵ
˭˵ǽTVģЦ
仰һڣſڵıTVĴǶˡ
һ˿УȻҺƽ̨˵
ֱǲ֪ô
ҷãС㣿
СӲ۾ȻҵǷҷãɣ
ҷãôģ˵ôһ˽мٸ˿ˮܰС
һڽTV׷׸ҷų
ҷϸֵЦ㿴ûУǿɶǷ˿ʮĴʱܰҳ֣ڸҵǸüһҪµǸ
׳գҡҡͷҪŰߡ
ȵȣûôףʷŭһŶſڵıסСӣ
ûֱֻʷƿɲԳôˡ
ĹĵıܹҪס
ҷͶʮǹϷʵЦݣ׼Ϸˡ
ֻǲܳǰţɫǳǸое㲻Ծ
ֻԳ֣ͻȻ֮ȴ·𴥵һ㣬ʹһһľͲ˼顣
ǰ廹˲ɣ
һĻʵ̫ˣʷĿɿڴ
ҷȴһ˿ɫ
֪ʱ˵ֶξͺܲһ㣬ѵЩøˣ
СӣֲԭаŹǰɣʷѹס죬۾вԸ㣬ӳҲҪ˰ˣ
һǾ仰ʱ㡣
ʱ˵һЩֵ̿ĶʷƱʷܣС˵ҪǶĴÿֱ˾ܲͨˣ
Ҫֱ˾ʷһ㶣ȻճµģıӵǲǣǽTVܲ濪ֱ˾Ҫսƽ̨
ûҲ̫м˵
ʷȷ֮󣬺Լƽ̨ĴǶһۡ
漴ЩЦ

ǴûмôԲļһ
ȻҺǽTVԿ
ʱ֪öң




1061¡
 

ҷ֮ͫɫ
ɲΪǿֱ˾ˡ
½ֵǶãһҪǧ
ǳԱǸְŮҪֱ˾Ļǿ͵ͨ
ճµģǲӲðЦ֮ʷƲļƾ㣬ֱܿ˾
ʱһֻĬİţڿڣ΢˵ټʡһͷҵϼأ
ʲôʷƶʱɴ۾
ϼҪֱ˾ǷͲһˡ
ҴӰŵĿ˵⻰ͺпŶȡ
λŮϼŵĸ߹ܣʷѹžʵ
ŻǺĻӦûϼӪţ׼ЭǶĴÿֱ˾
Ҫ
²ʷƣҷڵĶʮˡ
ν˿װŵ塢Ůǿʵİţÿһ仰ǲòš
ʷƾ֮ϷΪ֮ɫɽλС㣬ϼʡֱҵҲضʧܣֱ˾ôÿģ
Ҳһ£϶ǳСӸҪչֱҵǲŴ㿪İɣ
ʷƿԼûǸǮơҲûǸˮƽֱ˾
϶ϼ׳˾ҵ񣬲ðŴųˮ
һͽ͵ͨΪʲôһСӣȴҴԲѵ˵Ҫֱ˾
ҷҲΪںٻ
ҪʧܵĻʷƺҷóضᱻϼسͷ
̫ˣǼֱ˾ǳʲ䵭Ļش
ʷһЦŵֶΣΪҲ֪𣿱ǳʲƲ˲ͿóСӸھ͸Ҷԣǵֱ˾һڣضգ
Ŷ𣿡һЦ
װţʷƲмĶųҾһ⣬ֱ˾ʲôǽTVǵݣôǿ󣡡
ʷ˵תʮǵĶһۣٿ
ǵĴÿ˷˿ٵļʮ򣬶ϰһٵ򣬶Ƿҷãһ׬ǧɣݣʲô򣿡
ͲˣȻеǽTVʵǿЩѾгǳȻ
ڳĶʮTVеĴ󲿷ֶܷڱ棬׬ǮҲһں
Ůҷű¶ױŨױȻǿ˹ۿġ
ִ˿ܶ࣬ʵûʲôʵ
ֻǽTVϰ嶫طʵۺǿǮ졣
ͺһͷվڷϣܷ
˳Լе׽TVݻܡ
Сӣˣƶʡ֪ǽTVǩ¶ͬвģӣʵһ㲻У㾡ȥУеһǽTVõҾͷ㣡ʷÿ仰ǵʮ㡣
Ϊ˵ȷʵʵ
˵ƶʡȫģTV֪ģһڲͣǩˣٲȻгΪڵһֱƽ̨ơ
˭˵вõҲֱżʷһٳȥˡ
֪еûôףԳֱ˾϶ûô췢չǰڻȽϼѡ
ŶԼòţǰڳֱ˾ݲǿĻžΪ˳ֱ
仰˵ʷһϡ
ҪֱôTVŮһȲ̨ҷ
ʷתúܿ죬¶ЦݵС㣬òֱ˾Ů̫ίˣϼһ಻нɣҪǽTVǧпܵõǶү
ʷʩΰ԰ŷչơ
еţʷԺĽܱһ
ŮһҡǮÿǱġ
ҾȥǽTVŮ߰ɡ˵ţתֵȥ
ĿͳͰ뿪ʷһ˿ɫ
ҷȴЩ˵ʷܣǸСʲôҪҾ𣿡
TVŮǫ̂һλͲˡ
ҷãҲǸ˼ʷαЦֻóСӣһв
ʷܣСӵֱ˾ϼţʵСǲҪͶүһ£һʵ
ʷЦһϼһ￪ֱ˾ܾʲô˻СԼУ鷳үԳ¥ɣ




1062¡
 

ȻʷΪֱ˾עʧܣæ٣óĹ˾Ʋ
TV֮ܲʷᣬҪθĹ˾
Ͱߣ˳˽ֵĴãֻҪڲһ£ͿԵũTVܲá
飬ɰŸ
Ϊ˾̾ٿ죬ҲҪһңԳǲܲװ޵顣
һ쿪ʼũTVĴݱĽС
ų˸칫ңҪƸڸƸϷƸϢҪļʵũTVĹԱ
һüггУڸվȵطũTVơ
ָͨƸеʵǿص԰󣬱Լгʶ԰æֱ
ȻֱҪΪ˺ﻪҽĻʶ캣ҽԺԺϡҽԺԺѣ̫ʺֱ
֪绰ȥλҽ϶ӦҽԺ￪ֱӰɲ̫á
ĿǰũTVֱݣǱ֥õļҽЩҽѾڵĹʮѧ¯ࡣ
ټϰƳΣżҲڱ֥ÿֱʱ¶
ȻۣƷŮڿֱʱٵĽɱֵЩ꣬϶һ˿
ڰţȻҪæôۣϾŸũTVûʲôʱ侫ֱˡ
ʩΰλϷ֡
ܵ˵ĿǰֱԶԶԿTVȻ붫طԿҪȫѹTVֱݡ
гʶ֮󣬿ʼ绰
һ绰׿硣
ʱڼ￴ʱŵ׿磬ӵĵ绰ܳʲôң
׿磬㲻һֱΪʦ𣿡ǹһȡ
书ͨ޵УζΪʦָܵ㴫ڣ޺׿缤еˡ
׿ĸԱߣԼôǳĺ档
׿ҿǸ߹֮ң׿С˴ʣʲôʱἤû˵ã
׿磬̫ҿΪͽҪֺòá˵
仰ȴ׿ӼˣҪô֣뾡˵ϵɽ»𺣣ԸΪκ飡
ȿȣʵֻҪ㿪ֱ书ѣ׼һֱ˾ũTVڱȽȱʵ
Ļ׿˶ɵˡ
ΪʲôϾĿ飬û뵽ȥֱ
¡ڿЦɣ׿ζʧòʵ
ô㲻Ӧ𣿡
ǡҪǿֱ顭
ֻҪӦУʱֱƽ̨ŪˣͺǩԼɲ׿ʲôĻ˵ǵ㿪ֱʱҸõıҿ캣еһݣ춨ݾͲȥֱɣ˳䶨ʦͽԸԸֱ֪Ҳǿ˵ģһпԼԸ
׿ðԿЦ
ϣֱ
ܲӦ
Ϊ˰ݳΪʦλټүȥˡ
ҴӦʱһúñֵģ׿ҧҧ
УǾ˵
ҪҶϵ绰ȴִֻ׿
ʵѾͻƵˣҽħ֮󡣡
Ŷô죿΢΢졣
׿粻ʮ˾꣬ͽ뻯ѧҲ㶥ˡ
֮׿翪ֱΪ׿ͨ书ǿҳ˧ȽTVЩҪǿöࡣ
϶ܶ书ߺŮӹۿ
׿磬ܿ죬Ŭ
һ䣬Ҷϵ绰ͻȻ顣
ħ֮׿򣬽֡
ôԭ飬Ҳпܽ
뵽鷢ȥ΢ţǲǴﵽˡ
˿϶Ļظ
ʵȪɽׯʱȪд裬ͻƵļ
ֱħǿ磬ණ
ͻƵͬ˳ˮۣ
ٶѧͷǳˣ
ͳѾ뵤ʦˮƽ͸Ρͬ
ۻģûһõ
Ҳæֱ㣬Ҳܻ𱬣һƵ¶˭ᵥĿȭ
϶ǿġ
ųƴʦ
ˣʲôҪԸ𣿡绰ͷƴʦϹϾʵ
΢΢һЦ㵱
ƴʦķӦ׿һסˡ
˿ƴʦɽϵĵ仰Щ߻ħ




1063¡ټǲ
 

һͺƴʦǿӦ
ˣ޵֮˿ֱǲе㾪סƴʦһЦ
ȴǺƽͣƴʦҲҪʱӦҪֱʩչһСܻ˿ɽĹ˿Ҳᱩ°һ
ȻǳķԸȴ֮ƴʦԳܾÿֱܻƣȴҲӦ
뵽԰ͽƴʦԺһЩ
ƴʦܹõɣ˸ų϶ûġ
νһ˵õȮ죬˵Ҳܸһ졣
㲻ܣܹͻƾ硢ҲǺõġ
ƴʦӦ˵ĵ绰
绰Ǵǲʵġ
մֻͨѶ¼ҵǲʵ֣Сӵĵ绰ȴˡ
óΪ졣
´磬п𣿡ֻﴫǲɤ
пգôˣ
ģһ̽УǸ̽ϣҺǵľ͹˾ǩԼҾ͹˾ʵǿҾúܲǸ̽ҹȥǩԼ׼Ӧˣо̫óȻæѰѹءǲת
ЦЦҲæǼɡ
ðѧУ´ģҹȥ㡣ǲˬӦĺܸˡ
ˣȥѧУɡ
ʹhÿֱǲʶŶգǳʺϵŮ
ȻϣƳ¶Ůǲʲһ
ǲԼΪǣ¶ݺ
ںܶһߴǶʱʱֱ˿ЩĵŮͬһʡ
˳ǲʵŮũTVǲʶкô
ܿ죬ǲʵĴѧ
ǲѾѧУŴˣ³ЦĶԳк
´磬ǲ֣ЦȻΧͬѧʮ־档
УǲʲУѧУСħŮԸúܣʲôվУţЦӭ
ֵٶıŷ½GTʱЩѧˣǲʽʶ˸
һ³ǲʱСӭüۺЦĵ´磬˵ȥǺҽһһ£ʱڷսңһܵأڳ´粻һˣͽ㶼¡
ʱȷʵΣաȻһЦ˵ϵúܶˣҺο
Ǻðó´ǧȥǵģҲֻҽˡǲ˵ͻȻѹֽ֮ɫȥҷhûкǸ췹
öͷߣǲʲôʡ
ҺǺܴϵûֵز
ƨĴ࣬ΪҲ֪´ͺüŮһ𰡣ǲʹӵ˵ˣ´֮ǰڵ绰˵ҪҰʲôæ
ҿһֱ˾ũTV㵱Ůżɽĵ
Ůǲһ棬׼Ӧǹ־͹˾ǩԼˡ
ǲʣҲǿ㣬ȻҪҰѹأȥ˵ǹôɣˬ˵
֪ǲʷǳʤҪǿԼƴгһճhԲŻԼѡ񾭼͹˾
лл´硣ǲϱŷ½ʻų׼˵ǹԼںͼƵǩԼͬ
ͼƵ꣬ǳϴβμҩ̴ĵطҲ̷ҵʲ
˵ͷҪӣͻȻƳǲϵһ̲סü
ǲʣģ
ǣǹֵ̽͸ҵģôˣǲʲԵʵ
ɫ˵к
ɣҺܺãӦòܺҡǲʳһ
˵˵ǸĹ̡
ڳҪ£ǲһһʮ˵˳
ԭǹصľ͹˾Ϊƶʡᱻ¢Ȧǹɳƶʡǲʡ
ǲУŮʹǷhúвͬѧǲʵƬ磬ǹֵע⡣
ǹֿǩǲʣǹ˾װǲʱضܹͷhһ졣
˺ʹǲʴùϵȡǲʵΣϧ·͸ǲʡ
Ȼǲʶһһܾˡ
һ˵ֵǮֻǾĳ޵˿Ķ֮Чǲʲǿ¡
ǲһʱȷʵоϴЧ˾úĶá
ȴû뵽ȴָк
ǲʷǳˡ




1064¡ǹ
 

´磬Ȼ˵кһӵɣǲ˵ţҪ
ȻоǸ㲻ẦǸԸųĻ
ȵȣȱժסǲʵ֡
ôˣǲʺɻ
Ȼ˵Ǹ˵ûȷʵĳʩֻǱĶĹЧʵˣὥи˿ƣһϻǸ˵ıǣǸܻ㷢⡣
ô죿ǲһɫ
˳Ļǲʻʱ䣬Լȷʵøűˡ
ǸĺԺȴǲʸоƻ
һ̶ٴ
Ȱϵаѹסʱȥ˺㣬ٽҷ˵ţϸһ㵭סǲʵ
ֻ棬޷ӳȴӴҲͲᱻ֪
лл´硣ǲʸϽĵĲࡣ
ܿǲͼƵꡣ
˽㶩õĺᣬֻźüˡ
Ůлһ÷Ŀˡ
˿˵ʽȻͬ
￴ֹǲһҲ¶֮ɫ
һźɫȹԼʮŮˣվ΢Цǲʣˣ˭
㣬ϼҵĺѣҽ´硣
Ϊ֮ǰڳѹǲʣǲûаѳֱ
ǲʣԼþǹǩԼôһɵˣƺе㲻ˡ
УǲӦûȫĻŶԣͻȻðһ´ое㲻Ծ
㿴ƽƽ棬Ҳôϡ
㣬ֻǾǩԼº֣أԲó´һ£㲻ɣǲ¶òЦ⡣
¸ɫȻ⣡ǲ°ɣҸһ£λǹֵϰ壬λǸĸ˷ʦ
˳źĻȥϰڰףλװġ󸹱ӡ
ϰһǲʽ۾ڷˡ
λ÷ķʦʼһ̬۾ҲûǲʣǶԳȫΪ⡣
ϰ塢ʦǺáǲкͬʱóߡ
һٶϰӹһĨ֮ɫ
һͨˣҲ
ϰûзЦеĶǲʵ˵С㣬ƬϵĻҪƯһ
ллϰ佱ǲ΢΢һЦ
Цϰĸӻˡ
С㣬ɫǹǩԼǿǿϣʱұضϻĵһŮǵλãȷhҪ𣡡ϰ忪ʼǲʻˡ
ǲɹòЦǹֵʵҿͬɡ
ϰͷúóǩԼͬƵǲǰ
ǲʰѺͬ򿪣ŵԼͳмϣһ𿴡
ľٶ˿һ¡
ϰüͷС㣬㿴ϸˣǹ˾ǩԼ֮󣬲ܺκ׽̸ӰҵϣеҪ
ȿɡǲ仰еˡ
ϰͺһۣ˶ӶԷпɻ
ǲϻǸ˶ûʲôõĵġ
ǲʣ֮ǰǴӦǩԼͬûʲôÿģֲ㣬ĵǩְɡһȻ
ǲʸӾˣΪ֮ǰһֱ˵ſķ
ʱͻȻͻȻڵҪͬϰӦ꣬ͬʲô˼
㣬ҿ鷳һ¡ǲװ¶ʵ
ǰ˳һۣȻǲʺЦǲʣϰ嵽ʱϯӦ곡ϺͻԸعȣһ˵Ǻ¡
ҿϰ岻ֹǲӦô򵥰ɣһЦ
飡
һ仰ϰ̲סŭӡ
ڻҶСĲ𣿡
ûΪͬ涨ǾĲֱԣϰ˫Ŀӡ
ϰ岻мһЦ˵㣬ֻǸͨˣȦ⺺ôᶮȦĹСٶȳͱһЩЩ˵Ҳ
ǲʣ;ԼôܱӰ죿ǩְɡӹƻˡ
˵껰ߵǲߣ˸ֱʸǡ




1065¡ʦ
 

ǲžһὫֱʷ̧ͷԺ˵㣬ҲǩԼˡ
ʲôʮֵ죬ǲʣǲ˵𣿡
ڸı⣬Ҫٿһ¡ǲʺܿ˵
һʱ֮䣬ϰ塢Ͱǹָ߲㶼
ǶҡǮŪˣǲȴʱԣ
ǲʣǲǱסˣʵĴ磬׷߶ԲԣֱֱĿǲʵ۾·Լ͸СŮ
ǲЦЦ㣬Һͳ´粻
˵ˣ˫۾˱Թ׻ࡣʮǲʣûǮûƵһ𣬻ٵ;ģǩԼǹ֣Ժ󻹻ӰҪƭת𣿡
ҿǲƭתģǰɣԲЦ
ϰʱһŭĳСӣΪʲôǹ֣Ȱʶ͸ϽȥӰСǹ˾ǩԼ
ʲôǲҲģȴĻط
衱
ϰҪ쭣㵱ڵϰ壬øСһʶǲʻȷѡǲ˵԰ɣ
仰ϰ徹Ȼסŭ۵׸ֳյĹâ
СӣΪСôŮĻ𣿡
ǲѾܾǩԼѵ㻹ף
ϰûлӦЦһȻ㡣
ֻͻȻùд˯ĸоǲʣ㻰ǩԼɣ
ĬĬһܶ˫ۻĶסǲʣƺǲ˳ӡ
ȻǲȴΪûκĸо
ϰ϶ǲ֮ɫ
ôǲһ㶼ܿƣ
˽ĿŵλһֱĿķʦϣƺѯô¡
ǹһȣȻµû
ǲģλʦ
ʱʦ۾⡣
ȤȤʦ˫Ŀһֱӿǲϵ
㲻ԵʵʦôûЧˣ
仰ǲʳȷϣڹ⺦
ûЧֻǱĳмС֮Űˡʦһ߸ϵĿǣԷӡȫΪ⡣
ϰͺһһ
ʦǻ˴ǮģҪǹǾʧˡ
ǲߵĿ㣬ʵ㣬ԭһֱƭңǺ˵ģԲԣ
ǺǣȻѾ֪ҲͲˣͻȻüΪôŮһ㶼Ҳ㣬ôԹǩԼ
С㣬ŮǣƾʲôǹҪǮ㣿ҪҪۣ÷ʦûƽ飬ϽǩԼɣϰҲʼв
ǲҧҲŲǩԼг´籣ˣ
㾹˵ʦˣϰ־ŭ
Ҳǵɴ۾
ʦ޵гɵĸˣԸ߰ޱȣܵ裿
·ʦһŭ֮£һǲҡǮˡ
ʦСﲻ£ʩͽ䣬ǵĻѡС
ʦɫĮ˿ϲŭƳ˳һۣȻǲʵСӣܱ㣿ǰѸֵһС
´ʧЧǸˡǲ¸ҵ˵
гڣˣҲʮ㡣
ʦ¶мЦ⣺СӶ˳ЦˣҴɱ
Ŷ㵹Կư˵
ϰͺ˷·ɵһų
һͨ˾Ȼ޵ˣòͷˣ
ʦЦ⽥ڶŭ
СӣѰ·ɱ飡ʦһ䣬ͻȻյİͻȻһ΢磬˵ա
Ȼ΢ȴϰͺľæȥ
΢Ŀ겢ǣÿ˶оԼϱε÷·һ㡣
汻΢紵嶼ҪгƬ
ʦǲһϰΪˣǲ档
Ȼһ̣ʦʩչ΢磬ȫȴûһţǻϷʵЦݡ
ôܣҵȻ˲㣿ʦŵĿų
䣿΢ĩУ䷨֣мҡҡͷ




1066¡֤ɷ
 

СӸǰʴʣұؽ㳢÷ɽ䷨ʦ̣ʧ̬
ϰǵ棬ʩչ˲˳
Էʦ˵ܴ裡
ʦŭ죬ȴǴݵĽǲʵȡ
˿òԡ
ʲôʦųʵ
һЦĵⷨɣ
Сӣʦܾȳϳ漴ϸֵ֮ɫֻܻҪһЯ˾ҪҰڲСӣ̫޴ˣȻסҵ
ʦ仰ԭе㵣ĳǷϰͺ㾡Դϲ
ȻǾóûб˺档
ڳȴ޴ץס˷ʦĵⷨ൱Ͷ
ʦסСӣҪݺݵĥΪ˱ҹζ࣬ϰѵ
ϰ忪ڣʦѾųϵһƬĿĹΡ
ֻͨҪһۣǾͻ֮Уѣʩ߰ڲ
ϰͺҪ۾Ȼһ̣ĿȴͻȻɢˡ
Ϸİȹâ
ǳ䷨ѹơ
ۣʦ޶˶˵һѪǺȻ֮ɫ
֪ô£ֻоԼĵⷨˣ
˭ҵĿ˽ƣʦڸеˡ
жǲʵı϶иΪĸˡ
Ȼȴû뵽ȥ
ٴҡҡͷǿ˭˶Ū
㣡ʦɴ۾𾪵ĵų
ϰҲ㵣ѵĽǳµģ
Сӣ˵λ֣㲻ʦȡ
Ȼ㲻ΪǾͼ֤һҵɷɣ䲻κеĿڡ
漴ָ⸡һ档
ų赭дĽ浯ɳȥ
ʦٴУ𼫶Σյľס
ǧһʱ̣תȫ˫֮䣬Ҫס档
Ȼֵܹģ
һҽУʦһڰ󺰴С
ϰͺǶƵˣ
ܿ죬ʦ嶼յûҷʬ޴档
ϰͺĿǿ־塣
㡢㵽ʲôˣϰҧÿ죬챻ŵʧȥˡ
׼شϰ⣬վϰȥ
ʶʲôϰ壬ʧɫĽе㲻ɱңǹֱȦҵλĻƶʡҲһ
ɱ÷ɽһķʦ÷ɽĸ˾Ի㱨𣡡Ҳװŵв
Ĭˡ
ϰͺΪס
ϳͻȻ¶һЦɱڣͲᱻ÷ɽѰˣ
ʵνʲô÷ɽ
ֻǺܶʱһЩ鷳Ա⡣
仰ȴϰͺŵûɢ
㡢㲻ôϰѸץϵֻҲҸλȦ绰
㲻˵λھ㣿гм
ϰû̶֣֪黹ת˵λµ֪£Ҳ绰Ҳܵ鵽㣡
УɡͻȻƽ˵
ϰʮ־ɡ
ôͻȻĴˣ
⵹Ǹᡣ
ϰӿͲм˹Ȼˣ̫ˣ
ͨ绰ľͲǳˣ
ι˷磬ңСְϰֻĵЦݡ
С֣ʲô𣿡绰ͷȶִһ˿ϡ
ϰҧгݵĵƶʡɫŮǣһгСŵңҵ˸ɱˣ
Сʲôͷȵȣ˵г˷ˣгɵ
ϰ־ŭĵ֪ʲôͷǻƶʡƬȦģ
ʲô˷ƺһС֣ҵλɣ
˵ֱ꣬ӹҵ绰
ϰԭء
Ϊʲô˷һ֣ųӣ
ɫȻһ䣬ͻȻǿɬ֮ɫ
ѵǲǰھǳ֣Ƿhѣ
ͨϰղ֪ΪȦȴյ˲ٷ
Ŷ㻹е۹⡣ܻĳϵ
һϰֻڵء
Ҳ˵ǰȦĴš
½ҡΪ˴Ƿh⸲
ھȦǳ䶯
ݴǷhĳλ֣½ҡ
λһЩСϢ˵Ƿhѡ




1067¡
 

ϰζὫhλͳϵһ
ֻòˡ
ΪղĿɽ˷ڵ绰˶Գľη
˷ܹ֮жϳͷhͬһˣΪƶʡгģԲеڶˡ
뵽ǰò˵Ǹ𾩳Ŀֲڣϰ塢ŵɫɷס
ˣǲģ
˿ϰͺĺԼûϳ
Ҳ룬̹ԳͷģԲǲ֪һ
Ȼһǣǲʣ΢΢һЦǲʣ۾Ҫɱˡ
ǲʹԹԵı˫ۣȴǷһ
һ֮󣬺һܣǲ߳ͼƵꡣ
Ȼ֪˴£ͼƵ̷ҵĲҵ˾Ƶ꾭ԾİƺͷϢ
´磬лл־һΡǲ߳󣬸оȫΪ֮һɡ
ԺҪƭˣΣյһʱ绰ҡڷhãǾչˡ
ǲ࣬գ۾´磬˼ΣѵͲҪ󱨳ҲŶ
СӣҿЦˡЦǲʵԴһǣ֪˶಻á
ߣѵһȲҽ𣿡ǲʽһ䣬ˣСƢˡ
һЦ㣬hǫhñȥˣȥũTVܲɡ
´磬ֱƽ̨ر𡣡ǲ˵ţ˳
·ϣǲʼ˵´磬ȥŮɣҪҪҰæˣ
뵽ʲôˣʵ
ǲС˵ɲҪСңʶٶŶյͬѧֻҪһ仰ǶԸ⿪ֱģǶѧԺΪ˱ݳ
ǿ԰ʱ뵽˭ũTVǩԼе֮ϲ
ѧԺѧͱ츳ܲ϶ƽ̨ӵҪǿöࡣ
ǲ뵽ôͬѧũTVֱݾͿ˲ˡ
´ģ˵㻰ġǲظ֤ˣ´㲻ʶܶҲǿֱǸʡͷн컪Ҹоֱ϶
컪еЦá
ֵĴпֱδ̫ˡ
ƴʦֱ;ͦЦ
ƴʦϾʿֱȷʵ˹ۿ
컪ܱʲô
´磬㲻ý컪ֱĻнĿЧ𣿡ǲЦĵһԸл磬߿ˣᰡ
𾡸ҳ⡣پʮݸ
ǲЦѣͻȻֻ
ˣܲˣ绰ﴫŽ
üͷʵʲô£
һȺ£һǽTVʷģ
Ϲȥ
Ҷϵ绰һȵףŷ½GT۵糸㳬
ʮ֮
ǲʣ첽߽ũTVã߽ŵİ칫ҡ
ֻվˡ
ڰ칫棬š
վżװŮȥʱƺӦƸߡ
һʮ죬˵ԻϵϷźũTV
Ұ칫ƷЩŪЩˡ
Ž㣬û°ɣǲæߵߣס֡
û¡΢Цҡҡͷ
סʮ죬ʵʷģ
ҰŽԵģٺ٣Ц
Ž㳤ôƯǲùʶԸ⵱ıڣ밲Žǰɣ
ҹȻһȡ
˻һ
Ӵǣ˭ôŻǰɣҲԼС壬˭һʮֲм˵
е¶צеÿ½ǣ¶⡢ָȵȱ
ʵӦƸ߿һĻɫЩס
ֻһݹģɲ뱻һ١
ǰɣӱˡ
һͳָϣҡȥ˵Сӣ˵˰ɣʷܣֱ˾ܿȥȰ㻹Ŵ󼪡Ӵ
δ˵꣬һ˹ȥȷס
û뵽˵־Ͷ֣Ǵģ׷׽кһóųк
ǲһʱ䣬Щȫڵأͷ֪˶ٸʹòϲҽС
ӦƸ߿Ŀɿڴ
һ仰ŵûܳ칫ҡ
ʷƴ仰׼ˣˣ
ܻ֮󣬼ӦƸߵǰӵĿڵС㣬Բǲˡ
˵žҪ뿪칫ҡ
Ȼ֪ũTVϼţгĸ֣TVҲǺǵġ
TVʱʱ˹ɧţǵܲˡ
ȱߣǿϷʱپҪҪס˼ӦƸߣߵشǰĽTVܲá
ӦƸ߶׳Ҫʲô
ûʲôͣĿЩȥTV֮óֻһ롣




1068¡ټ˿
 

绰ͬʱTVܲĳʷƿŻĻһˣʱ־ŭ
Ҳ¶ŵɫ
ЩȥũTVӦƸȥҵġ
ôʮ˻ᱻ˴ӣ
ô£ũTVıǣʷƳʵ
һ찴Ŷϵۣɫʹ˵Ǹ
ʲôܣʷԲһ죬Сһʮѵֲɣ
ʷܣûƭ㣬ǸһоͰȫܣ̫ˣ
ʷܣǰﲻˣ鷳ҽҩѡ
ʷʮ𾪣û뵽ȥͨˣȻôܴ
һǶԸˡ
ȥʷƴǮͳһƱӣǡ
ʮ߳ſڣһͷ˵ʷܣǸ˵еˣѵ㣡
ңʷеŭʢˡ
СӴˣȻԸ
浱ǽTVֽϻɣ
뵽ַͬѰTVļЩġ
ʷƣҪҪȥүһǵʵ
ãʷư˰֣ԸһӣҪöүԳѵǶ֪үжæ𣿶öү֪һӶ㲻ͨͨҪTV
һ£ҲӦ
ߣСӸ𣿡ʷмߵĸСӼʶһ£ǽTVĺжǿ
ʲô˼а취Ƿ׷ڴĿʷơ
Ƕ֪ʷ࣬TVӪʷƸġ
ʷҲ˳˶طǰĵһˡ
ܼ򵥣ƽ̨ƶʡķ˿ܲһᣬھ͸㣡ʷһɫ˵
ãȥ֪ͨ
TVĳǿʼжˡ
ҷȴֱٷ˿Щ˿TV¥¼ϡ
ò˵Բз۵Ŀȳ̶ȣԶԶͨ
ܿ¥¾;ۼǧԲзۣȴżĳ֡
ʷƵȻЩ˿׼ҷȴֻЩ˿ˡ
ʷſʱһ˷ܼķ˿ǣֵ԰꣬һ¡
ʷư㿴ֵĴãҲũTVܲ
ʷƵ񣬺ǧԲзۣŰ칫ļӦƸ߸Ļˡ
Ϊ˵绰ʲôԸTVĻ졣
ڷǽTVٴټũTV÷
˭֪ǧȵԲзۣʲô
ʷƲҪЩ˿ܲҰɣҲЩˡ
ǧ˳ܲãǳҲס
޷˰һЦݡ
ʱʷټֵġ
ôźǲʶ
ų϶ӦԷ
ӦƸѾ칫ҵ뷨ˡ
ֻǵҪʱһ仰ͣ
úÿɣϷҪʼˣ
ӦƸǿĽֵƺûʲôرĵطǺܿɴ۾ʮ־ֵ·ڿȥ
TV¥µʷƲûзʲô쳣
˿ʷڷݽλװķ˿ǣ֪Ƿǳҷû
֪ǽTVвˣǱѷҷǱʱøλ¥
˭вǵż񣿡ǧԲзһ֮ʮּŲʵ
Ƕ¿ֱ˾ũTVʷߵֵָá
ǧԲзתͷũTVܲ
ɶũTVΪ˳ȻǽTVԾҪǵ˵֣ʷƻϽ͵˵
̫ˣԲзӦ
˵ôʷƷʵͬʱǹЦݡ
ɿˡ
ȻũTV壡
ũTVȥ
Ϊ˷ҷãҾΥҲҪũTVգ
ʷƹʽ˵ֻҪǽܹũTVҾǼҷãԺҪǩ
ʷƵĳŵǧԲз۳׵ķˡ
иģԸµ˵ʷܷģʡеһСֱ˾ȫû⣡
Ƿҷֱһʵۣʷƿǰһ
ֱġʵۡʷƶмǵϣϾЩʵۡƺŵķ˿ʵﶼǮˡ
ûҾ٣ʷܣҸũTVøҰºͷҷõ档Ǹٴյʷǰ˵




1069¡
 

û⣬һ仰顣ʷĵĴӦ
£͵һͷˣʷΪٺܺʴͷ˵Ľɫ
Ҳǧ˿гͷһѡ
²ҷúܾܿ¥Ͽǣ˱úúñ֡
ҸһȥũTV֪ܲǽTVķ˿Ǻǵģ۸ߺͷʮ㡣
ͻȻ֮䣬ֵߴĺ¡ٵ׵ĸȥ
˸о𶯣·˵һ㡣
°ʷŵɫ䣬Ϊĵˡ
˶ֵ߿ȥʱ׷ʲô顣
ԭõ𶯡¡¡ľ죬ʲô𣬶ǿһС
ЩС̫ˣ˽ֵÿһǺʷƺһǧԲз𺳲ѡ
ʲôˣ
ǺͺЩTV˿ࡣ
Щ֮ʷƸǿ˺ˣɫ׺ݣɱڡ
ҲĺˣŵͨͨĿ
ũTVð칫ӦƸҲǿĿɿڴ
ôĳ棬ѵλŪģ
ӦƸ߲˼ĿֻʼһƵ֮ɫ
һж֮С
ȻʷƸһ£TVĳܼʶ£ʲôʲôĴС
ǧֵסˣ޹˵ȫ峡
һĽ׳ĺˣڼʮĴд£ڵʷ߹
ʷŵˡ
ղЩѪڡΪżͷķ˿ǣôˣﻹҶһ£ȫŵɪɪ
ʷƣôĵӣһλĸߴĴУߵʷƣȡ
Ҳŭʷƣ·ʱҪʷʬһ㡣
磡ʷ촽˫ȷվסˡ
ûڶ˵Ĵоʡ߽컪
ߵļλʡҲֻܳ޷硣
ֻ˵绰컪
ֻ޷ȴյҲﳡӡġ
ʷʡôãȻʶ컪һڴС
ֻǽʷƲٻϣתʸطŲ֪Щжڳ
ʷƣӣӲǲǣȻȥũTV£컪ɫĺʵ
ǰʷֵ£컪ӵ绰֪ʷƵ˳ʱǱһ
óû˹ڽ컪̹ʰʷˡ
磬ũTVǾܵøֶζ԰ɣѵôΪ˰ϼţʷ׳ŵӷʵ
Ŀ컪϶ϼŵĺôŹġ
Ͼϼʡһͷҵ
ƾǸСӣõ컪
ߣʷ㹷ǲϹˣԼ˭֪Ҹ㣬ôˣҳӵģ
컪仰ʷɫ䡣
ǳСģ
ôܣ
һʷȫסˡ
컪ɨ۽TVǧ˿Цʷƣ㻹ôԸ
ҡǡʷһش⡣
ֻҪ۾Ϲ֪컪ôйҪ
ƾTV˿Ҷͨˣôͽ컪߶
Բʲô֪˿ȫڷʲôάż񡢴ũTV뷨ʧˡ
Ǹٵĸ֪컪ּĴУжô¡
˿ȺУһҲðͷ
ȫҹ컪һȣǧ˿ɢ
TVſڣֻʣʷƺͼ
磬ڶүķϣ͵ΪֹɣʷСĿڣ̧˽ϹӶط
Ͻ컪ȴһЦطΪ𣿼Ȼ˳ͱ븶ۣԼѡɣֻֽŲҪģ
磬㲻ܶңʷһ֣̿Ƕүǰһˣ㶯ҵĻүԲŹģ
ҵƶʡᣡ컪гɽһҲ嶫ط
ʾһһУᣬߵʷǰޱƣץסʷƵ۾һ
ʷ۶гˣʹ˺ѷεĲҽС
ȫ
̫ˣ
˵еĴл磬һԲϾҪж˸첲
ǺܺһԼ
첲ֻǾ棬ٸҵȫʬ컪һ£ǧ糱ˮ˳ֵ˲ߵøɸɾ
ʷʹûԹȥҽԺ




1070¡ʷƵķ
 

ŵİ칫ȫ̵ļӦƸߣ֮С
һӦƸ˵Щж𣿡
Ȼҳ´ġǲС˵
ӦƸ߶Ǹ̤᲻õѧŮ
˿ǿų񣬳Ĥ֮ɫ
µˣôȴʹʡĴ
ȣ̫ˡ
һ֪ũTVϰ࣬ޱȵİȫ
Ͼһ仰ܵʡУǧ
Ҫı۸
﹤ӦƸʮϵĿ˵
΢΢һЦǼ԰ɡ
򲻴Űˣǲ߳칫ҡ
´磬ԺTVӦò˰ɣǲԴ˵
΢΢ҡͷһ
ȻʷƱ컪סˣطɲô׶Ը
ڳǲʲιֱܲʱһߣʷҽԺѹˡ
Ҳ꣡ʷһ仰ǶԳƿڴ
һŭǣƣʹ졣
ԼۿտҲʷưѳ޵
ʷܣǸǴȻ뵽컪Ǹô죿ߵһʵ
ܵڻδ
ߣΪƾСӣý컪ôгֻǽϼźٻʷƲΪô
ϼŽʡͻ𣬳Ϊ̽ͷʷΪ컪ϼġ
ܶʷ̫ˣǱϲ˵
ղǸ˵ĳٴοڣʷܣΪСҪǸүɣ
ϼźͽ컪ϣܹġ
ЩֻϣطԳӮⳡֱʤ
ʷԥ˼룬ҧҧҴ绰ү
ܰһ
ֻʷƲܸү˵ϻ
үңʷơͨ绰ʷƵùޱȡ
绰ͷطʲô£
үҵĸ첲жˣʷƿʼ
ط΢΢죺ʲô˸ж첲
ҲҪˣطѾЩŭˡ
һгСӣ˸ɵģʷƽľ˵ط
һ֮󣬶طĵߣҵĹҴճµĻˣʷƣ˰Сң˳ʲôũTVˣ
үСӹһܴʮһƶʡн컪ʵڶԸˣԲʷƳϻ̳Ͽֵ˵
һ˴ʮͰųǽ컪ʲôط䣬ȫûѳˣҵܹȥɱСӣ׼ӭҵܡ
лүʷɫתΪϲ
˻ΪطĸʷƷǳٵĵܵܶ飬书жô뻯
Ѿ˵ķΧˡ
ʷ֪ʲôʦǶĶ֡
ʦʮ꣬书ǿĳ֡
ȴ֮Ϊϡ
ʷһȥμʱ׿˵ġ
ʮ꣡
ʮܲʦô书öô죿
̫ˣСүҪˣҶϵ绰ʷƶ۰ͰͿļһشϲѶ
˲伸ܶڴϲ֮ɫ
Ҳʷƽ书жô
ʷ˵ۼֻһͰǹӵɷĩ
Сү񼣣ȫ𾪵Ըӣ
жСүǳűɱɣ
Ƕڴ֡
ˣȻȥܲȶ´ǵǱ𾪻šʷ˵ţĹâ
ѾҪôĥˡ
TVܲߣǰĴĲôη塣
طĵܵܶ鼴ƶʡᣬTVܲȫ˸߲ҡ
ҷԭΪܳɹũTVһҲġ
ϼųô
ǽTVôȫĴнϹӶط̨ܿܽũTVѹ
ʷƻøڷ˿Ⱥٷ˿ǧ˿ĨڼũTV
˵ũTVòֶǽTVڵ˿ţвTVȫ
ȻʷˮĨڽTV˳ϼţϼųѿ˴ֱķֱ硣
ֱ羺Ƿǳҵģ˭Ҳϣµֱ˾һʷƵĨͬЧ
ֱƽ̨Ҳ׷׸ûũTV




1071¡֥Բ
 

ϸǧ˿ĹڦũTVûʽ߾⵽ǵصá֪ĻΪũTVϼʲôŭԹ顣
ЩáĨڣȫӶǼļ
ʷƼԼļƲЧǳãȫǽTV⼸һֱ󣬲ˮӴȣũTV
һ繥Ҫɿƽ̨ʷˮĨũTV
ҥ˵ũTVƽ̨㲻ҪЩƽ̨ļ룬ũTVҲ㹻ǿ
ԭЩ˵ũTVϼšʵۺȥũTVЩҥԣȫתƽ̨뷨
Щ׷׳ũTVĿˣΪԼʵ͸ҿƽ̨
һֹƽ˸߷塣
ֱ˶ͲũTVһա
ΪũTVŭԹûԸǩԼҲڹۿڱصõģ
ҷֱ俴Լķ˿ĻũTVգķǳ泩
ɽôͲأΪϼųֱܿ˾ڻû군ˣ
ҷͬΪֱ˾뵽ʵĴϾڸƽ̨̬ˣȥũTVֱ
ʣһЩûСèСΪǡ
ԭTVֱܲãũTVĳУϴˡ
ũTVߵǰһ죬ŵİ칫OLװŮһɫ
ţũTVҪУôܵĵӣ
ǻûߣͱڳӣ»ũTVᱻۻٵŵѹǳ
ȴɵЦʲôµģǿʵ˵ҽTVۺǣһȶȣ쿪ۿ϶ԤƵҪ౶
ǡŻ޷еĴʯͷ
ţԼĹУũTVĳɰܶеȻũTVǳԼҵĵʧʵûôء
ڶ죬˶õ£ũTVڿˡ
һֱ䣬ڱ֥á
ҪԲЧ˳ûðŰ͵ֱ䶼򿪡
ʱ֥Ƴվһ𣬹Աڵͷ
򡢷ҵȼҽеŵվԭء
˵ֱͨҽĻʱһʱʹӦˡ
ֻ뵽ҪԹڣûӴֱ涫ҽ޴롣
ϼʵϰʮڴ
˺׽ڵĴѧϷԼƵ
֪ԼҪ뾵Ҳûκεִ
ܿ죬ͷˣҽнĳֱԱվǡ
λۿֱѣҺãǱ֥õҽΪҴҽֱϣֱͨô˽ҽͻ
ֱֵĲʲô˧ŮҲּ͡͵ȫסˡ
ộȻ뼸үүֱҽ
ʷƿֻЦ
ôû뵽ҽֱ
ֱ˭ῴ
˲䣬ֱĵĻȫڳũTVáҽǽƭӡ
ǿĻճҪʼʩչʮ룬һԸֱĲơ
ܿͼӰЧ
µùʮ־档
ѵЩҽЧ
һЩѧҽĹΪ𺳣Ǵûô
ǻǧǰҽɴĶʮ롣һʩ룬һ߽
ʮ
Ļҽ
ѵǶҽ⣿
·ĵĻо̾ɻ󣬷ʼˡ
ܿ˽ϼŵĹڣ֧ԵĵĻϼſֱ˾ڲҲ֪֪ǵı֥βǳÿҽֻش
ĻģҾȥ֥ÿҩóԣͺˣ
Ҳ֤֥õҽҽĸ
ЩĻ¶һĨ΢Ц뿴ġ
ũTVܻܲ𣬳ʵ̫⣬ҪǸıҽƫ
ҽôģ˭ῴĻʷƷġ
ȻҲʮ𺳵ˣũTVֱֻҽβĻҲ±֥ãͨڸЩܿȶȾˡ
ע⵽ʷƵĻƳһۡ
Ƴ׳˼ӰΧڣԾͷֻ¶һβ
Ů
˲ֱĵĻԭ׼صֱĹڣƳγ֣׷׵ɴ۾ҪƳεݡ
Ůת
ǿŮҽ
ôͣҪŮͣ
ڿʼũTVǮˣΪһƳηݣЩֱӳһȥ
ֱܿˢ
ʷ˲ɵۡ
ŮǰС㣬˭




1072¡۶
 

ԭʷΪŻũTVŮ
û뵽ũTVƳĵһֱҽβ
ʷƾֱû˻ῴʱֱֱĳһڰŵĴŮ
ȻƳεû˿ȫòġʡŶǶŮ
˵ſԴ8ֵĻƳԴ9֣⻹ʷûƳݵ¡
ʵƳѾ޽ӽʮֵŮˣûʲô覴á
һΪũTVĶ֣ʷƶȲ뿴һƳγôһɳǮ͵ĳ嶯
Ƴκܿ뿪˾ͷصߡ
Ůҽôˣ
ҪŮҽٳ
ũTVô£ôƯŮ
Щɣֵʵϰڳʾ¿ͷЦݽ͵ֱҪΪ˺ҽĻø˶ѧϰҽȤղŵŮҲ֣ϣλѧҽĹڶѧϰԸũTVֱҽݵĻǻлܺŮŶ
Ҫȥ
ѧҽģϸǩԼֱҽ
Ҫѧʮ룡
Ļˢд󲿷ֶϹĹڡ
Ҳ֪һ㣬߹ڣ֤ԼѧҽѧְҽȰҽĻܺũTVǩԼֱ
ڵݬ룬ʵµ˶ֱܿ
Ҫžֻˮ󣬾ѡԸҽĻˣũTVԷչȥ
˵ŮҽÿųһСᣬڵ齥ˣۿֱҲڼ½
ʷƿðһȻ¶мЦݡ
ΪũTV뵽ôǿݣԭֻһҽֱ䣬λŮҽ¶
ʵũTVʲôǽTV
ҷҲǳ׷ˡ
ΪƳεԭֱ˼˹ȥũTVֱ
ղҷֱͬʱֻƳγֵһĻеصв
ôŮ¶һĻܰױȥ
Ƴβû¶ܿ뿪ͷ
ҷֱ䣬ۿٴˡ
ѹ
Ը¶϶ǳ˹֡ҷһߺ͹죬һҰο
ȻһƳεĲ֪ƳξԲ᳤úܳ
ǼȻũTVôƯŮȴ¶ֱ϶Ƴϳʲô߻֮ġ
ҷⴧʱֱĹ˲ʮ
ô£ҷתͷԱߵĽTVԱ
С㣬ũTV˵ڶֱ䣬һŮֱԱҲܾ졣
ʲôҷɲĴֻֻũTVûص
ֻũTVAPPʾֱ䣬һǱ֥ãһֱ
۶㣬ΪҽЩɱֵľ
ߣʩЧ򭣡ҷĵļһ䡣
СҷáũTVŪһ۶㡱ǶʩЧʲô
ҷſɽկƷֱ̬䣬Ȼɴ۾
ֱֻıܼ򵥣һŮɳϿžͷֱƺԼֻġ
ҷרŲõֱ䡣
ֱŮȴ
ÿڵһ̣ͱ˫סˡ
˫ֵۣ·ܽ˵ĻǶƵġ
ʵ̫̫Ȼˣ
Ůۡ
ڳע⵽ֱ֥½ʱۿֱˡ
ʱ۵ķۿըﵽһٶ
TVŮҷõֱ䣬۷ۿҲһҡ
Ϊۿֱҷֱڲ½̶̲һѾʮ
˵۵Ѿȫҷˡ
ۻŴģ·Ҳúܱأʲôû¶ֻܿ񾱡
ѾðΪ֮
۶㣬Ư
ƯŮˣ
۶㣬Ůɱ𣿡
ֱĵĻԽԽˣҷʮּʡ
ũTVôҵôƷŮ
ƾ˫ۣҷͰܵó׵ˡ
TVĳܰ칫ʷҲǿ״մ
۶㣬ѵũTVŮ
ʷƲôСƳֶˡ
šŮҽټ۶㣬ŮԸ¶ֱĻǽTVԻܵصв
ʱֱѾը
лIDҰȿֵѣͳһ֥
лIDҴȲǿѣͳһǧ˲Ρ
лID󼡰Ա翪ͨ˱ֱҽͷΡ




1073¡ˢһ666
 

һֱˢ۶ˡ
ԽԽȤΪЩַǳ¡
Ϊ˷ũTVķ񣬳ðŰֶΪҽҩ
ǧ˲һҪǧ飬൱ĳĳ
֥һٿ顣
ҽͷũTVͷΣͽTVġʵۡһһҪʮ顣
ӣ۵ֱʮͨҽɡͷˣ
ҷһۺ졣
ҷֱкܶ඼ǼٻʵۣǽTVü˺ŸģֻΪ˳ų档
߾ͲͬˣûũTVĹԱٴͣʵʵڵݡ
ҲͲˣɱֵЩꡣ
۽Ĺ°٣ǹȻĶɤù
Ϊϲû뵽۽µ츳ôǿ
ͺ𽲹¡¸˵һ
ǳ۵òģȴɱֹסˡ
ҵɱֹºܶĹѣˢһ666ҲѧĿ˵
˲ֱͱһ󲨡666ĵĻˡ
666666666666
ҷҲˢһ6֣ȷӦԼ֣ԼôôּȻˢ6
ò˵۵Ĺ̫̫ˣҷҲȥ
عҷԼֱľͷ˵Ǹʲô۶ֱֻ¶۾˵ܳأ
ҷ˵öԣҷһЩԲзˢĻ͡
ҿǸ۶ҲôƯҪĺÿΪʲôũTV¶
Щ͵ĵĻҷĺһ㡣
һЩͨ˿Ͳͬˡ
˼ҹ½úð
һظģ
Щͨ˿Ϳҷոһյɧˡ
ûвŻŮܿͻῴ壬ҷֱסˡ
ǲ䵱ҵķ˿ҹҷЩĻһŭ֮£ֱ
仰ȴȻ󲨡
ƽʱֱķ˿ҷ˵ȫǳ˼֮󣬶ܵǱȥˡ
һҷʧʮ˿
Ըû꣡ҷĴ
Ϊһжǳɵġ
ԱߵĹԱҷһϢ
Ǿǵ̨۶²ˣ
Ȼȶȴﵽ۷ʱ²
ҷ־ϲ
ũTVӪ
ǳȴʱ򣬾ȻŮ²ùڰװʧ
ʷƺҷڰ޴
ʵǹľġ
ũTVּǺҽ͵ǹͷ
Ҳÿ쿪̫ʱ䣬۲¶չġ
ľʧܴ󣬵ֻ֪Ҫһھͻտ
۵ֱעѾﵽˡ
ʧڣסЩ˿
ũTVٰ
ǰ۶㣬ûʲôԡ͵ˣ
϶TVģTVϾǻǰֱƽ̨Ŷյʤ
Ǽ²ũTV԰
ЩԣʷƵһЦ
ȷʵƾһ۶㣬ȲǽTVݣۻô²
TVҲ׷һũTVĻǾûʲôõĵˡ
ΪũTVûʲôÿʱ򣬳֮ǰеͬʱ
ʷ׼صũTVֱAPPͻȻˢ˺öֱ䡣
Ҳһ˶ʱɴ۾
ԭũTVݲУûһ·ųѡ
ǰǶڴũTV뵽ʲô
ʹ£˵˸䡣
һ¿ֱùǾˡ
Ȼڱ书
һڵ档
ȭ˧
ÿ˭
ļݰ
书ֱ䣬Ļܿ
ԽԽŮԹڽֱ䡣
ֱ䣬׿춨书ֻ׿һȭһɳĻǰĹǲϾ̾
ֻǱݻȭȣ˵׿ʵпֻΪ˱㡣
һȭɳͺֱۺˣùΪ湦ġ
׿ֺ䶨ʦͽУһһʽԻ߷ɡ
䶨ǰˮƽ׿ýڽڰˣֱ˲ˢˡ666
׿һ˺ܶŮ˿
ŮӵǷǳ˵ġ
һѧаŮŵһٸŵڶ˵ף繷
Щۿ׿ֱŮ˿ԥĳֵˡ




1074¡ֱƨ
 

׿䶨д֮һֻͷһ߲
˧ʲô֣ˣûŮѰ
ĻŮ˿ռˣ׷״̽׿ϱ
û׿شʹЦݵ׿캣춨ݿֱӭѧ䡢λþڡ
û˵꣬Ů˿Ǿˡ
ǿ˧磡
˭ô󻹸Ҵ
ЩĻپݸ
쵹ͦһԼݵġ
׿ȴûΪջôŮ˿⣬ǫ˵ֻǳʦһ΢ĵӣʦ书ʤǧٱ
ʦ˭书ô𣿡Ļܺ档
Ǽ׿ѾǳˣȻб׿ǧٱǶ֪νʦ˭
׿粢ûóȻ֣Ϊ֪͵
ǿ΢΢һЦ׿粻ǹټҳƨһһ׵ġ
һߣʷƾڳô˧ܴʱԱߵһļ
ʷ㿴ǸϷʩΰҲũTVȥˣ
ʷưĿŵǸֻܵĻϣȻʩΰũTVֱ
սӵҲˡ
ĸϷ֣Ҳ˲Ϸ߹ۿ
ۿСǿ
ǹǹͷῪ˰ɣ
ǲɵǾаǰʮĴҪǿ类ˣ
ʶȥģһμ˸ֳǶ񣡡
ʩΰһ˹ۿⲻҪũTVһ߾дӿ롣
ʮۿʩΰʮּԭΪũTVմж˿ֱġ
ȴԶԶԤϡ
ʮĹڣѾֱĴˣ
ʩΰķǳĸл
ʱĻһ롣
С㼼ܺãҪҪ8AMսѵ
OMMսӲѵֱ㵱
171սҲǣƣн򣡡
Ѿְҵսӿʩΰˡ
ʩΰЩյID룬ֻòľܾ˼ԺֻΪũTVũTVְҵսӣע
ְҵսӵϰǾԸеϧ
ʩΰĸǹܿջһ˿
ÿʩΰھɱһˣЩ˿Ͳϵˢ666Ҳɡ
ʩΰȴǫ˵ʵҵļȳ´Զˣҵĳ´һϷ񣡡
´ĸôû˵
Ļֿʼ²
ʩΰ仰ĳЦЦСҲƨˡ
ʷƿʩΰũTVֱݣҧгݡ
úõһҡǮֵõˣ
ʷƻûüŭڰ칫￴ֱļͻȻС
ԲۣԲۣ
ô£Сֵģʷü
ʷ쿴ũTVȻ˴ʦ
ʲôʦʷɻ֮£ǸΪƶʡɽƴʦֱ߱䡣
һȥͿһλɷǵߣдʣͻȻһָȻͻȻâţһ̫
Բۣʲô̫ţˣǽ̾
ʷֱӿɵˡ
ⲻƶʡһʦ
ȻҲũTV뵽ˣ
˭˵ũTVûмƴʦֱ⼼Ҳδ̫ˣ
˲ƴʦֱըһͬʱۿ
ƴʦֻǱһЩСѹ׵Ŀ϶ó֡
ƴʦ̫ˣ
ǰûȥɽҪȥһհƴʦͨ
ƴʦ˵õˣҲҪȥɽ˼ݣ
ЩĻƴʦ¶ƵЦݣʵҵֻǵС˲ͨ󡢷ޱߵĸˣ
ˣ˭
Ǻܶ඼Ǵ׿ʩΰֱתġ
ǰǾ׿ᵽ书ĳʦʩΰᵽϷ߳ĳ´硣
ֶ˸ˡ
ѵͬһˣ
ǲòⷽ롣
ͬһ˵Ļ˾̫ˣ
ƴʦ˵ĳˣǲϼλҽ˷Ļʵ
Ļƴʦһ֮ɫ˵й¶
ͬʱƴʦڰϲƨĵˮų˿϶ˡ
ȷʵľЦû뵽ƴʦҲŰڵƨ
ʷ磬ѵƴʦ˵ľǳTVܲ칫ңһһ𺳵ʵ
ʷƲмҡҡͷôǳСӣˣ¿ֱ˾
ʷ˵еܷ׷ױʾͬ
ֻǵĶое㲻Ծ




1075¡̨
 

ص׿硢ʩΰƴʦֱʷֿũTVʮֱ䡣
ЩֱͱȽϵˡ
ҪһЩʡҽѧԺѧԺѧֱ
ȻѧԺѧвٳòŮӡ
ҲշҲǲTV
ʷƲûаЩС
ʷ磬ũTV߳ɹˣǸôӦԣһʵ
õġڼʶũTV֮ʷƷأѵûע⵽𣿡
ע⵽ʲôһԻ
ʷҡҡͷ˵Ǵǻû𣿲ʲô۶㡢书֣ʦֱʱ䶼ǳֻ̣ʩΰһֱֱ
ʷ㲻˵ǻû֣ƴʦҲ²ˡ
ͶˣЩũTVǩԼֱʱ䲻ộҲºܿϼųģֻһΣʷƴݲȵķ
ʷǷ׷״
ʷһĵ⣺ƾʩΰũTVŰɣǮյò࣬͸õˣҶүŹũTVģ
뵽طĵܵܶ鼴ƶʡᣬҲ׵ķ
ʱһۿ񳱣ֱͻȻũTV
һܳվ֪м⡣
ȶߵǣοũTVһ֮𣿡
µĻشǸ˵һʣԤũTVΪļֱƽ̨֮һֱϴơ
Ҳ˺ܲũTVΪϼ֮ǰҪҵֱ޹νɽֱܿѪ޹顣
һشΪޣˢ֪Ƴΰֻù𰸡
ش˷ǳIDвֱרҵĴţ
Ļش£
л
׹·ɻ⣬ʵƷ¥д𰸡
ΪũTVɹԷڶʱжϡ
ũTVԵȱݣǾûб־Ե̨
˿ܻ۶ּĲ𣿻治
۶ɱֹ£Υֱһԭ򣬹ǿģҪ˵飩
̨Ҫúÿ֮⣬ܳƽ̨ĴũTVûУ
һ޷ũTVһֱƽ̨
ϣأлתء
شܿյ˼ʮޣ۶Ǳʾͬġ
ǶΪĹ۵һѪ
ũTVȷʵų̂
ʵܶΪ۶ԣ۶㲻Ը¶
ƽ̨Ů¶⣬ɧˣֱ
ҲʷΪǵĽTVܹڲ֮صԭ
ҲֻǿһСʱܿ²ˣҲᵼũTVȶ½
һЩҽѧϵѧҽٻһֱֱ֥ѧϰ
ʱϵũTVܲãһ칫ңվƽ̨Ĺۿֵڲ½
ҼƻһҲżǺͰúõһֱ䡣
ǲʣСŮںͼԱ졣
ǲʣԿʼˡһ£Ա͸λ
ǲʵֱũTVAPPˢ£
ˣ
77777ȥ
ֱĹڷ׷׵ǲʵֱ䡣
ԭصAPPҲ´ˡ
ֱֻһɵŮüĿ续ʤѩ˫鶯Ĵ۾·˵Ƶģ崿ϻһ˿ʡ
ŮĻǰĹڸоԼ޷ˣ
ôƯŮӣȻᵱŮ
ҺãũTVŮǲʣϲ衢ͱݣΪҴһʵġ֪֪񡷣ϣϲ
ǲЦݵ˵꣬ſʼ峪
ֱתĸù˲ˡ
ǲʣ㳪̫ˣ
ҪĻܳΪһĵŮ֣
ûǲʺʹǷhú˵Ƿhأ
ĻﲻĻˢȫΪǲʷˣ
ôÿ軹ôȫһλֱ
TVߣǲʿʷơҷˣȫɵˡ
һǲʣͿѹũTVȫҷȻ޹⣡
֮ǰ֪شֱţҲˡ
˭˵ũTVų̂
ǲʲ̨òͲնԶƽ̨̨
ͺѧУУͨŮһѧУȴ˸ǣͨŮȲˡ
ǲֱĹۿһ򡭡
ͰһЦ
ǶǲֱܹޱȺ䶯ǲҲȷʵ쵽ˣ




1076¡Ǯ
 

ȻƳΡЩͳϵܵĴŮǲƯ
ǲʵ̨ŮѾ´ˡ
Լĳλ֪ŮǾȫֱƽ̨·
ǲһû˸ٻũTVʵ
ϾжĽTV޷뵽ĳ
ֱһս˭ʤ˭Ѿʮԡ
TV˿һƬҷûֱˡ
ϵҲȫת
ûٺũTVôϼŶôģǷǳлũTVṩǳʵֱݡ
ԽTVΪ͵ĸֱƽ̨Щ¶Ϊ㣬ԸеŮϷȼϷۿࡣ
ֻҪŮƯݲҲкܶ˿
γֱĲֻҪܣҪ汾Ҳֱ׬Ǯ
˵°ܻܴ󲿷־Щסʵɵġ
ũTVճΪֱһ
ũTVǺҽĻ͸ֱ߳ƽ̨һء
ȻŮҽ۶ĴŮûй¶⣬ֻϵĽġ
ʩΰļҲõĴϷ˵һ໰
׿硢ƴʦչʾԼʵ죬Ū١
ǲҲòڣĳ裬øӮùڵŷ
ǲʵЩѧԺͬѧҲһֱõ׳ֶβ
˽һʱ䣬϶ũTVǵصáȫΪĳޡ
ʱڰ칫İţͼĵ绰ͣ
ȫ绰ũTVǩԼġ
ũTVǧڣһѰֱƽ̨
Щ֮ǰڹȥЩƽ̨ȽϺãֱũTVˡ
ŰճҪϸɸѡõ绰ƵЩ
һߣTVܲ칫ңһܿʷƣ˵ʷ磬ȥƽ̨ҪûˣܲԲߣ
Ҳ۰Ͱ͵ʷƣȫָʷŤתơ
ʷúܣȺһܰﵽĶûУһ
ô죿˼ѧԺǱǲʶ뵽ˣʷһ̯ɫǳÿ
һСĵʷ磬˵ǸǲʡѧԺƯŮʵǿľ͹˾ǣܾˣôӦũTVŮ
ǰǹ£ܷ׷׸͡
ʷһǲ֪֮ǰȥһǲˣ׼ǼũTV뵽ƽ̨ʲô򣿷ҷøǲһȾҤļ
û뵽ʷƾȻô˵ҷͷˡ
ҲͬʷƵ˵ҷױݴģǲȻȥΣûױôÿ
ʷ磬TVǶүͷ⣬ҪǴ绰үȰɣ
ǶΪֻжطˡ
Сү黹ûƶʡᣬũTVͰѽTVýڽڰˣ½TVʧ뼸ڡ
˾ʲô¶ɵȶ
ʷҲ뵽һ㣬֪СүԸ񣬶طڹĻСү˵һںŻ
֮£ʷֻòͨطĵ绰
үũTV֪Ūݣƽ̨ȫȥˣʷӲͷƤ
һȺũTV㲻绰ͷطһı䡣
ʷĻ֣̿æǸԲ𣡶үû£³ͷ
ߣȺãũTVҲˣȷʵе㳬֮⣬Ҫܼ򵥡طĿǰԵš
ʷ˫ĿһСĵʵүǲ뵽ʲôƣ
ũTV˿ǵŮǾǿֱطЦǶȱľǮϼţʲôǶ
үʷƸϽ
ʷƣȥϵЩǵľˣס㣬һŮǻڶһ߼ģǮ⣬ס𣿡
ס˼סˣʷӦȥ죡
Ҷϵ绰֮󣬼ڴʵʷ磬үô˵
үҪһŮǽTVֱũTVҪǳѹˣʷһɨ֮ǰĴЦ
ܸʷһЦ칫˿Ŀ
ڶ죬ʷһϵǾˣһϷųϢԤȡ
Щϲֱ񣬿TVһߴǵŮʱֱ綼䶯ˣ




1077¡볬һ
 

ԭǶũTVѾȡѹԵʤһԾΪĶֱƽ̨
û뵽TVӲƴ֣
ȻҪһŮǿֱҶǮȥ
ȻһЩ˽TVϸˣ֪ڶԶ˵¡
ֱ˾ͷǳǮTVǮʵһֱڿ
˼Ҷүں
öط֮󣬽TV칫ΧһԲλҵҪһŮǡ
۷׷ףе˵Ůĺãе˵ǸŮǺܷɧ۰춼ûѡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ʷصһӣˣǲûӣ
ʷ磬ô˵һܺʵ
Ƕ֪ʷûӵʱ򣬾˵ʷ뵽ˡ
Ҫ˵Ҫ볬һߣʷǹĻȡ
һߣһ죬ʷ磬᲻ᳬԤˣһү˵Ļ
ǶʲôүһŮǣ뵽һ߼Ǿǳ񣬶үǣ˵ˣүȱľǮԤ־ǶԶү裡ʷʮӵ
ȫˣ˭趫ү
ʷʼлĳһŮǵ
һ֮£ŷֻĳһߴǷëǣʮָֻͷù
ʺֱŮǾ͸ˡ
ϾĳһǣĸȦʮ
ƾ衶ս2˵ӰƱһߵ⾩Ҳʮˡ
͵Ҳʺֱ
ʷưĿΨһһλʺֱĳһŮǣh
ھҡ½Ҹ֮󣬷hΪĳһߴǣҲĳһߡ
ȻӰˣhø֪ȴﵽµĸ߷塣
ѡ̳hˣʷֱİ
ܿʷǰƽԣǸǲʻҪòֵĴǣȫ˫Ŀ
ʷ磬ѡ̫ˣҪ뵽hǾһٻũTV
ʷһ⣺ǷûУǲʺͷhú񣬵ǲhƯ뵽hζǲʳɽկƷũTV̨ŮǽTVŮɽկƷ⽫ΪֱЦ
ʷ磬Ǹ߰˴Ĵָ
ʷ־ʼh˶ޱĵ绰
ޱTVhŮʱҲͱĳһ֣
ڷhСѾǻĳһߴˣhŮˣ
̫ˣ
ʷû뵽hľôףŶޱûҶϵ绰Ͻ˵С㣬ֻҪhСӦǮԲ⣡
˵ˣޱıһˡ
hСļֵǽǮԺģ
С㣬Ͳ̫˰ɣʷ΢΢ü֪ũTV˭𣿽϶壡ʲڡιιι
ûʷƽ꣬ޱѾҶ˵绰
ݣһקʲôJʷߵİֻˤڻϡ
һԴεʵʷ磬벻hˣ
ߣ㲻볬һߣһŮҲѹũTVʷֻܰĿŻһŮǵϡ
ѡλŮǣֱǹĽʡ
ʷƴ绰ǵľˣ˵Ǯ⣬̧֮˳ǩԼˡ
ŽTVλһŮǣƽֱ̨Ϣǵصȥ
ȫĺ䶯
һŮǣֱ̨ͬ⽫ֱǿݣ
˵ũTVˣֱƽ̨ҪTVѹ
ǲò̾ǮţƤ
һ죬ʷƺͽTVԱİ£λһŮͬʱ
˲ÿŮǵֱۿﵽϣ
ŮԴ˿΢עǧ
Щ˿յϢ֮½½˽TVAPPۿԼżֱ
ۿڲϵʷƺͶЦˣ
ڽϵĳƵĶطŮŵǰƽĻҲǹϷʵĻȣȻһںơ
ҶطҲһԼＸ
طһȷʵ뵽һŮͬʱѴֱˡ
һŮǵĹۿѾͻǧ
˵ֱǰʢ
ֱƽ̨Ҳ÷
Ϊǵƽ̨ȫܹŮˣ
ũTVĹҲʧ˲١
칫İſź̨ݲµü
TVǮ̫ˣѸƽ̨ȥһ룬ȥĻƽ̨Ҫѹˣ
õģ취˰һŵȻóֻʼ绰




1078¡һǮ
 

hҿһֱ˾ũTVǩԼ㵱Ůпֱ𣿡绰
绰ǴǷhġ
ӵ磬hǳϲҲʹӦȻû⣬ҲԼҵ
׼ֱ˾Ϊ㣬תΪ͹˾ʱ㻹öǩ˵Լļƻ
hһӿˣðڴź㾭͹˾ǩԼһ죡
hֱ鷳ˣƽ̨ܾżһ΢ţ㰲ֱ
õġ
Ҷϵ绰󣬿źͰ칫ļһĿ
Ƕڵ绰ƺԷΪh
ѵղźͳͨģǷһĵĴǷh
ǵĻǾ̫ˣ
Ŷų뵽h
ղźͨǷhŲŵʵ
΢΢һЦûзϣûhΪũTVŮ
찡칫ȫеޱȵ𺳡
ģŻǸоhֱ̫λˣΪǲʵĹϵ𣿡
֪hǲʵ㡣
ʵҺͫhϵܺáЦЦ
һЦðŲĳ²⡣
ǾǷhܿǳŮѣ
²ðŸˡ
ֻ˵еû׵ʵhڽĳһߴǣҪ뵽ӦҪϰɣ
˵TVǱߵһŮǣǩԼѶһϡ
ôһҪˡ
ȴǹЦhũTVûһǮ
仰΢΢ɴ
ҲǱĿɿڴ
뻪ĳһߴǿֱǮ
öͽõ
ٴζԳĿ࿴ǲ֪һͨˣж
ˣţһ·h΢ţôֱɡ˵Űѷh΢źŷš
ãϼӡŻعѹż˷h΢š
Ǳߣޱ˵ǳũTV÷hֱҲһûС
ܿũTVϴĳһߴǡ̳СhũTV
һֱ֣籬ըˣȫҲһƬڣ
ǿǷhָĳһߴǣ
ȻũTV뵽ˣ
ڷhû֮ǰ񶼲ŷhũTVǩԼ
TV߾͸Ӳˣʷû±ط
ʷ磬ũTVôȵ᲻ģһе㵣ĵʵ
ͣʷһмũTVıֻϼŶѣϼõȫĵĴǣЦ
Ƿ׷׵ͷԷ
֮ǰʷƾʹ绰hľ˶ޱˡ
ǱĽTVޱܾϼʲô뵽h
ǿƲٵģũTVذɣг̫ܲġ
ʷƿһۣͻȻ뵽ʲô˵ǲʲǺͷhúҿũTVļǲʻױɷhȻƭ˵뵽hֱһ
ʷ磬̫ˣǰһ
һͽ͵ͨˡ
ȻͻȻһܾгʷ磬²ˣ
ôһһէģ˭ųӣʷü
ʷ磬ԼɡǸܰԼƽԵ˹
ĻũTVͻˣʱ򿪵ֱ䣬ֱľǴǷh
ʲôⲻܣʷƲ˲۾ΪԼˡ
ȫչֱһɲǣȫľ
ǴǷh
Բۣۿһǧûɣ
ǡǣһǧˣ
ǲʻױġʷƻδ˵꣬һֱ䣬ǲֱһӭhũTV
˵ʷƵĲ²ȫˡ
һߴǷhʽ
ܿǧ
ֹhԼķ˿ֱĹڶhֱˡ
˷Ǵû뵽ֱܹƽ̨h
һ˲䣬ĵĻֱ䣬ũTVķ
hҰ㣡
hʵ˿
һֱĸ裬ѭţƬ˼ʮţ
һ׵ĵĻhһЦллҵ飬Ҳǡ
仰õĻӷ񣬹ۿ˿ǰǧ
ѽTVǱߵһŮ
Ůֱ䣬ԵĹۿҪﵽһǧˡ
ǷhһЩȫܵhֱ䣬ŮǵĹֱµ
ҷֱۿңֻˣС硣




1079¡׳н
 

ʱҷץԼͷˡ
ΪʲôΪʲôũTVһߴǷhõ
ϼţô
ѵΪ
ҷ뷨
ƾǸˮ˿ϼźٻõh
ܣ
ǲũTV뵽hģǽTVѾʵˡ
ҷڵÿۿڼ½
ȫȥũTVֱ
ֱƽ̨ĵڶν棬TVٴһͿء
δʷƴ绰棬ڽϵĶطͿ˷hũTVϢ
λϴɫƽԣͻȻƽ˦ԱŮϡ
Ůҵһʹȴһ㶼
ط˸˷⣬˫ʮָڱǿڴ˼״̬
ڶطУϼŲôhôϼűضиǿڡ
طûһּɵ
һ֮󣬶طԲԶһװ֡
СܵطǰɫȡһΪʱֻŵطϡ
طĿʼ绰
Էܿͨ𾴵ʵүʲô𣿡
˷ھȦ˵ɣطһ˿һֿ
ϾԷҲͷĴ
ҷ˷˵ƿȦаڽɽΪ𡣡˷ʮ԰
ܺáطĵͷ鷳Ұһ£ºҶضسꡣ
ʲô£ү˵
ܼ򵥣þǸһߴǷhũTVֱͬũTVط˵ԼҪ
h˷ƺе㾪졣
ôԷ˵Ѷ𣿡
˼ү㻹ɣȦΨhҵﲻ𡣡˷Цһ
Ŷطʮ־ɣĪǷhоǵĶȨ
ǵǣ֪ү˵ƶʡһ˳𣿡˷ΪǵĴѾ֪hλѣǳ
ǶطȴмĻشСӲǱϼŶ𣿡
үˣòȫϣ֮ҵﲻˣֻܺ˵Ǹˡ˷Ļ˵úܽ
ҹ͸¶ϢϾʵ̫ˣѱͻȻ֮ˡ
ߣƶʡһôǶ۾Ὥϣ꣬ûе̵˷Ȼ㲻ԸæԺҲúǶˣ
طһ䣬ֱӹҶϵ绰
˷ٴοЦ֮ǰǹֵϰʹ绰ȹʱ֣Ҹϰͷ
ڳֺͶط˹ڣ˷뵽ſ棬۵ڴ֮ɫ
ǵۺĶ壬˵ܰƶʡѹ
ط绰ȥռϡ
Ȼ߹԰ƶʡֹŴ֮ءִʡݣƶʡĴʹ嶼޷ǽȡ
طҲյ̡
ȥһҵܵܣʲôʱȥƶʡطԱߵĺװ
ǺװͷششүĻСү˵⼸ĽҪͷҪܶ
طû
Ϊ谮ĵܵܣҲǶδ
绰ʷƣǮũTVȫ
طָܿ촫ﵽƶʡTVܲ
ʷƽ궫طµĵ绰֮¶ϲɫ
ʷ磬ôǿʷƵı飬Ҳǳڴ
ʷ¶ЦݣүǮũTVСү͹ˣʱũTVĩգڣ
̫ˣǻȸԾȫһ
үǵûйǣǳһƣǾǸ׳н
ȻũTV뵽˴Ƿhhҵæһ쵽ֱ
ֱƽ̨ҪСС͵
ũTVʵũTVһ˥䡣
ж˽ϵũTVĸʲô۶㣬Ůҽǲʣͨͨ򣬶ү˵ˣǮ⣡
ʷƶһӣǿʼæµ
˴绰˷˽ţøַʽϵũTV
ߺܿõϢ
һ¾жϳTVõǸ׳нļ
ȷʵһЩСTVĸ߼ۣĶˡ
ЩǽͷݣҲȥܣֻҪЩתͶTVھС
ڳԼһûжҡ
ǳͻȻ뵽ʲôֱǲʡƳκ۷ȥ΢š
Сʱ֮
TVܰ칫ңǲʡƳκϵĳܣͻȻϲĽ
̫ˣũTVĴŮ˷hӦתͶǽTVˣ




1080¡ǩԼ
 

ǲʡƳκ۶ӦתͶTVʷһ˷ܺͿϲ
λȻǣǱһŮǶҪƯ
ŮǩԼôǽTVݼΪʷǿ
ʷ磬״Ӧ᲻ʲô⣿һе㲻ĵʵ
ʷƵ˵ʲô⣿ΪΪʳǲǽTV׬ǮõΪʲôҪũTVһҽֱƽ̨
ʷ˵еǷ׷׸͡
ũTVȷʵһֱҽĻ⣬Լƽ̨Ůһƹ˼ûС
һǸŮҽ뾵¶
ʷƾŮũTVҲǺġ
οǽTVŮԿһڵǩԼѣҪũTVֱ׬ɵӶӦ֪ôѡˡ
ϽܲһʢĻӭ᳡ŮǩԼʷһ£ǺԱʼæµ
TVܲú˽С㳡һֳ
ܲȫ幤ԱȫμᣬԱʾTVĳ⡣
ƶʡһЩ˿Ҳμᡣ
ʷƺ桢ʮڴӣҷЩˡ
ǽTVŮҪǲת̨Ҫ乬
һŮѹҲˣҷһ㶼ԸԼǲǲ
ʷܣ˵үǲǵǩԼѣһһڣʱҲҪӵһڡҷߵʷǰ˵
ʷҲ֪ҷ϶᲻ķܵİɣǩũTVŮҾ͸ү˵н
ллʷܣҷɫźתһЩ
Ĺ֮УŮ˵ļֵýǮġ
֮ǰҷǩԼǧнĻǾͱǲٰǧ˵ۡ
ҷȻ޷Լۡ
ʷƿɫϲҷȴǰЦ
ֻҪܺũTVŮǩԼ˭һ޼
ʱطܿҷTVΪѾҪˡ
ڽTV֮УһĿڡ
ŷ½GTֵٶ
ѾڽTVĺˡ
˶Ůĺ
ӭԱĴ򿪳ţӳλ˴ԼɵŮ
ǲഺޣƳα߻۷֡
ֳȫˡ
Ƿ֮ǰֻ¶ӰƳΣһֱۣǲʻҪƯ֡
ƵľŮ
죡λŮʷкǣҪǰӭӡ
Ȼһ̣ʷƺȫһ㵡
Ϊŷ½GT߳һˣǽTVͷ
⣿
ʷƾŭ쳣˾ɵۡ
֮ǰǺŮ˽ϵŮҲӦ¸֪
ںԳ֪һ飡
Ϊʲôʷȫ׳ʲô˼
ֻ΢΢һЦ˵ǽTVҪƽ̨ŮǩԼǹǩͬѵ㿴𣿡
Ϊһ㣿ʷ˵
ǻǸ꣬ûġ
ʱǲʡƳκۣѾߵġ
ɡ졢޵Ŀ£Ȼ·Щ˵ɲƵġ
ҷԹ޵Ŀųһֱֱ½
ͶڿԱˡ
Ϊҷķ˿˺üǮƵ
ҷ׼Щ֤ܾжô޴
С㣬ǽĳǩԼǴҿסʷƲٿǲʵ
ǩԼôҪ飬ǵȻҪϾǵĺͬǲ΢Цȴһ˿֮ɫ
ʷƻȻæǸЦݣС㣬˼ˣ֮ǰͳǩ˺ͬãǽTV˳С˵ΥԼ𣬸Сӣ
Ҳô¡
ֱ磬תƽ̨̫ˣΪһƽ̨ĺͬͻΥ֮ǰƽ̨ĺͬЭ飬ǰתƽ̨
תƽ̨Ҫ֧֮ǰƽ̨ΥԼ𣬶ƽ̨һеΥԼ
TVȫ
ЩųĿҲ˳Ūĺͼм
Ϊ̨Ůסʵ̫ˣ
Ҳн죡ҷļҾ֪ƾǵ㱾£ס
סŹ֣СֻϼּĿɽôүĶȣʷЦһ




1081¡ݺݴ
 

TV͹ԱһȺ˿ͬʷƵĻ
ȻǶƶʡᣬ֪ϼʡ¾ͷҵ
ʲô
ϵľްԣ
¸ʲϼŵһȵù
̨Ůסҿ뱻ϼųҲԶˣ
ҷĿⶢסڵЦйűĿС
㻹ΪϼƹũTV磿ҿϼ˵еʧʱ׬ǮҲҪ⵽׿㶼û
˶ҷĻŻпܷġ
Ͼǲּ̨ŮũTVʧöأ
ϼŵĹɼ۶Ҫµʮ㣡
˲ʧԭϼȻҪڳϣеΡ
ʷҲǺҷһ뷨
Ϊ㷭û뵽Ҫ˿ˣζôҷੲݵķ̵֪𣿵ұܾζһٱ
˼ҷйųԹֻĿų衣
ʷҲҷϾС̫ɺˣ
ֻǳʼɫƽҷη̣ΪûΪ⳥޶ʧžҲûΪҷĻе߳ѿ
ҷôȴеӵߣ㣬ٿңܿҾǩһڵĴͬˣ߻ô˿ֻҪһ仰Щͻŵѣأ˭ῴ㣿
ҷĻȺзһεЦ
ҷļ˿ȫΧĿ¶ҷİĽ֮⡣
һҷоԼ£ϵӡ
ΧȺзһԳЦҷʮö
˶óѾ޵ݵʱͻȻһ
˭˵û˿ϳģ
ĿתƹȥֿڵǱ֥õλŮҽ
ֻƳߵߣסĸ첲Ȼҷɫʮ˵ҾǳŮѡ
ʲô
ֱֳը˹
λŮҽͽTVǩԼ
ôͻȻ֮䣬ȴԼǳŮѣ
һĻ仯̫죬ʷƵȫסˡ
ƳζԳȻľٶʹŰҷһ𾪡
ܣôῴϳˣ
ҷƳο˵ǻŮƷŮˡ
Ķһһָ߳ҽŮȱˣ
Ǹ߸˧׷
Ƴȴƫƫ˳
ҷζ޷⡣
ʱһֱϷЦۣҲߵߣסһ첲
ҲǳŮŶЦӯӯ˵˻촽ڳһڡ
ٴδ
˷ֵĺŮȻҲǳŮѣ
һ˲䣬ҷҪˣ
ղûŮ˿ϳŮڳԼǳŮѡ
ҿȥƳκۻܺгദӡ
ڳĽӶˡ
Сƽƽ棬ΪʲôƷŮŮѣ֮
⻹û꣬ǲҲǰһ
˸о·𶼱סˣΪǲҲҪԼǳŮѡ
ǲȴЦĵǲʲôʵ´翴أ
ʲôٴ𾪡
ǲ仰δе㾪ˡ
ϾСŮǴǼģҲͱƳκ۲㣬Ȼ
ֳԣһЩĶʵ÷ˡ
˼Ҳ֮ѡƷŮǲּ𶼿ϣ
Լûпǲʵ˼ֻǲʹ˵ҷˡ
Ͼϣôῴҷ޼
˻ûʱǲʿҷмƾӹ֬׷ۣҲҳ´磿֪֪ʵҽhҲǳ´Ůѣ
䣡
ҷоԼԴ·һ£ǲ仰׵ɵˡ
ҲȫĿɿڴ
ĳһߴǷhҲǳŮѣ
˭ţ
ǲʺͷhôԳǷhã˵ĻһЩŶȡ
뵽ôǷhȴԸԽũTVеĹϵ²Ϊϼô򵥡
hǳŮѣôͽ͵ͨˡ
ֻ˭ҲԸʵ
ܣܣһжǼٵģҷʧˡ
ϵˣȴô༫ƷŮͶͱνܵˣ




1082¡ʩ
 

ҷһΪܾ𣿡
һֱۿҷйԹĳڿڡ
˵ҵŮѱǿһٱһΪŮ˺ڣ
仰ҷȫ޷Ӧ
˿ֻԼܿЦԭʼնмһˣΪڵĳʲ
ʱʷƳʵС㣬ҿǸǽTVǩԼİɣǵʲô˼
ϲ¶ˣǲʹŽЦ⣬գգ˵ȷʵƽ̨ǩͬġ
㡭ʷƶʱҭסˣŭֱϴܡ
ǩͬѵרϷˣǽTV
С㣬С㻹С㣬ǿ֪ĺжأʷ
ȻһЦأ˵
С㣬ôӦ֪TVǶĲҵǶطүؽǩԼȴھܾǱүֻ֪СӺϼűӻ޷еүŭ𣡡ʷв˵
ȻûпǲʡƳκ¶źµı飬Ůܵ
ʷƣ˵ôϻˣȻǶүôţƶʡңĿʷһۣĿɨ˽TVһ顣
ҽΪļTV
˵Լ⡣
Ůμᣬҷֻ˳㡣
Ŀʵ֮ʩ
ȻTVʹ׳нļѧҲļTV
һǵŽTV߲ˣʷֻ˽ϵ
²ʷƣҲŭǣŭӳ
ΪȫǷˣ
Сӣ㻹ļƽ̨ʷŭĺȵ
ΪʲôңЦЦȻTVһеʮŮ
ʮŮ֮ǰʡĺš
һҪļǽTVʵ
ҷֻɫһۡ
ţ˵Ҫǩ벻ũTVֿʵ
˼Цģһʮ꣬Ҳųվ˵ũTVܺãǺͽTVǩ˺ͬתƽ̨ĻҪ֧ΥԼ𡣡
ûϵֻҪԸΥԼ飬ƽ͡
仰ȴúϲ
֧ܰΥԼһ̶ڽTVˡ
ԥũTVɣǲЦſڵ
ƳһļЩʵġ
ǲô飬һӶûУTVĴĿˣţ˶ƽ̨̫ˡ
ǴӦƽ̨ǩԼųһ仰ʮԱȸԾ
Ǹңʷ־ŭźź
ȻѾηʷˣֱߵ
ųֿΪʵԺũTVǩԼΥԼ⡣
仰ýTVһĶѡ
ʵ뿪TVˡ
ΪTVֻҷɧܶСʵȴûеõӡ
ֻЩСͽTVǩӺͬ޷뿪TV
תͶϼŵũTVǾͲһˣ
ܿ죬ʵ¶ģߵߣʾԸũTVǩԼ
ʷɫࡣ
ǸҺũTVǩԼĻҪڣ
ʷƣ죡Ϊǻᱻѹ𣿡
ЩתͶ֮󣬲ٱܻʲôˣ׷׳ʷûԣѹ̫ݡ
ʷЩ˵ĳתЦƽ̨ôǶкͬģҪ⸶ΥԼȷϼôǮ
ֻǳԼ⣬ܿûϼͬ⡣
ʱԺΥԼ⳥ʷƺ뿴ôޡ
ȻɵһʷƣǹųŪĻȵΪĻ⸶ΥԼط
Ǻǣ㲻ĻүܰũTVϼŸ浽ƲСȥװ෿ʷƾó̫ˡ
ǰûƽ̨ǽTV
һⶼҪ⳥߶ΥԼ
˭ҺǶүŸɣ
Ѿվǣ׼⸶ΥԼ𣬶еĻˡ
ѵֻÿͷŵƭ
Ҳûţұϼţ񲿲ǳԸɷġʱƳοڣңǺͽTVǩµĶǲƽȺͬҳ©ʱܿһΥԼ𶼲⡣




1083¡Ļ
 

Ǿ̫ˣһ
Ƴ΢ЦϼʡһͷҲƶʡǿģҷġ
ʵƳλ治Ǵţϼŵķ񲿺ǿ󣬺ҵ˾û
ˣҸ߰ɣͿǩԼ˵ţƳΡۺǲȥ
ŵں档
ôɣʷںҧгݵķźݻ
ҲӳϾֵָܹġ
ֻĿųһȺ
һз׳нýTVʧء
ҷǽTVǮǿģЩʵСʵǽTVĴø
һߣTVֱ½ܿͻʧڡ
ʷ磬ôô򶫷үһʵ
ʷɫһٱ䣬һȲøү棬СүũTVٶҲûãСӱ
ʷܣʱܲСүôɱ˳֮ǰҪݺĥһ١ҷĥг˵
ǾͿСүòˣ

ͽTVߵȣҹũTVܲȴ쳣֡
źǶæˡ
Ҳ֪ͨϼŵķ񲿽Ӱ࣬ǵĺͬ
ڶ죬ϲֱǣһʱ䶼֪ũTVӽTVǱ˺ܶʵ
ֱһܵ𺳣
˵ũTVû죬Ϊֱһƽ̨ˣ
ݿǰǿ
ȫʵ

˸ũTV˸ԵĹֵóũTV̶̼һٸҵֵ
Ҳ˵ũTVеĻܿһٳΪڸ̡
ȻôҲô׵顣
һ죬֥һֱ
ôãû˴Ǳֱ֥ѧϰֱѧϰģһԵʵ
ЦŴѾвҽѧűʾѧϰʮĻˣЩҽѧŻԸũTVֱ⻹кܶҽѧ߲ҲʾԸѧϰ
ܺáĵͷֻҪȷЩĳ뷢ҽģѧϰĻͺúд
ģһᵡǣѾǵֱɽѧƵϴվˡ
ô飬ļ򣬺Цɵò
ܳæµȥˡ
±ֱ֥ĵĻ󲿷ֶڳϿʹʮʩչ輼ɣҲʱش
ʱͻȻˢһĻó΢΢ü
ʲôʮ룬ȫ
ĻķIDҽ档
IDּĻʮ붼ƭ˵ģҲǹҽɵͳߣ
棬磬ǶۿʮҽЧ
Ǿǣѵ֥õҽùʮκôಡˣǼٵģ
ң˵ʲôҽңû
ĻǷ׷ά͹ʮ롣
沢ûͣĻáЦˣʮκССҲ棿
ҵĻʮĻ
ȻǾùʮôҲñ֥úұһȣ
Ļڳˡ
ۿֱ֥Ĵ󲿷ֶʵ˿ȫ޷豦֥ã˷׷ά
棬̫ˣ֥õĹʮ룬ҷսԲ
ҿ֥ɳʵϰҾͱȲ
ŹΪ˱֥úΪο
˵ЩھõҽѧʣֻҪϹóڵĹʮ빦Ч
ᡣ
ƳҲע⵽ˣߵʵҪҪ
ٿַһĻ
Ǻʡҽң׼͹⼸ҽѧԺϾٰҽ֥õĹʮôҲҹ
ҵĻҾΪ֥˵ֱƭڣ
˭˵ҵģ֥õĴǣһȥ
ԣ֧ǣ
̫ţҺúüʶһ¹ʮ
ۿֱĹڣϣ֥ȥʡ
ȴ̴Ӧǿ
ǲӦĻ֥õҪһڮˣƳҧ
޲̷ɹȥʡúýѵһ档
һ£ڵʲôҽǷʵ
áֻҳѯ󱨸ʡҽվУΪڰ죬û˵ѡ
ƳΣȥһ˺ʡ˾
һ˷ܣͷΧڣŹ˵Ǳ֥õŮҽ켴ȥʡ
һʱ䣬ֱ䵯ĻһƬ
ʡĳɫҽұһ߿ֱ֥һֻСʩ٬ˣ¶ζЦݡ
һֻ֮һϢСͻȻڹӵ




1084¡ǰʡ
 

ıֱ֥𲽵ʱ򣬵Ȼڮ١
滹ڼʮͬʱۿʱֱáơ
֥òҽսĻҽˮƽҪˡ
Գȥһ˺ʡǸҽֻٰ죬˷ʱ䡣
һȥҽһƹ㱦ֱ֥ĺûᡣ
ԼҲˣȷʵǴ£ÿ궼֪ҽμӡ
ּģҲ
Ҳ鵽˺ʡңǵغպҽҡ
Ǹҵĺ֮㣬ô
ȷЩϢ֮󣬳˴ƶʡʡĻƱ
Ƴλȥ԰ʱ·Ͻӵѵĵ绰
ʦʡٰһһȵҽ֪ûȤȥ𾴵ʵ
λҽԺԺ룬΢΢һЦҲҪȥ
鷱æ⼸춼Ѳе㲻˼˵
ƺϣȥ˶˶̾ʦʵҽѧ߲ȥģΪȥҽڴǳ裻Ҳ鵽Ĵҽɳ˿ǰǿĲѡݣҽԺ˶ҽͨȥҲǱɣϣܴǻҽ
ԭˡһˡ
ʵҽҲʲô
ΪҽѾû䣬ҽʧˡ
ҽȴϣҽѧзƣɽҽɱȵġ
ϣѾ˻Ʊ͹ȥ
Ļûʮϲ
ǾͰʦˣһܺҽ
ӵ¾ʹ绰ʡļҽң׼ӭ
Ͳˡɲô෱Ƚڡ
Ѻͳͨ绰󣬻ǴЩҽҵļ
Щͻһ֣Ǻʡȫҽ
ڶ죬Ƴʡ
׼ʱÿһɵĳˡ
ֻͣһźɫγվһװīӡ
Щ˫ַС£ɫޱȣƺڵȴʲô
Щ֪ʲôÿͣΪһĻĵӰ
ţƳζע⵽һźɫпˡɫӡɫЬӵ꣬ɫĮĴ߹һźɫγȥ
ʮֵᣬл̺Ѫȵɱȫһʮ˾ܹӵеġ
ߵһźɫγȺīװǰʱװȫʮȹϹϾʺӭСү
һ仰Ҳû˵ֱһ
װǷ׷ϳЩɫγٶȼХȥŵ·˲ϱá
үųô󰡣Ҳ֪ĸġƳ档
Ҳûǵǻɡתȥ
ղλүȷʵʶƶʡеκһλӦʡġ
Ҳȥ²ԷݣƳκܿ˷ɻ
ʡƶʡڣֻҪһСʱĺ̾ܵҽľٰС
ΪҽԴ֮һʡӹҽ˵ʮҽλԺʡŴҽҲкܶںʡ
˺ʡΪҽ֮硣
ǺʡҽĳУݲȫͳƣʷϳʮһλҽ
еҽѧңܶ඼ǹŴҽĴߡ
ʱҽΧŨĳܹĵĲüٰҽ
лͣһѩһ˹ա
ӳˣ߽ӳ
ϣаСʱ͵ˣǽȥȰɡнΪСߣѯʽ˵
˵УԿһλߵݣ΢һ㡣
Ϊϵɫĵϣ˵ǳǻϷǳصҽţҲźɱ̫ʧ
ʮƳ϶ʧġЦ
λ߱˵߽
Сʱ󣬳Ƴ˷ɻʱ˾ӣų
дš֡
һĻ뵽ӵ˿ǻѽӻҽ֮ˡ
΢󣬳Ƴߵλǰ
ǳϿôᣬɵʮ־ȡ
ͷûҾǳʶλǣ
ҽŰ꣬λǺʡҽ֮ףҵļﳤƣϡŰĸܵ
ϾǻѼƼμҽģŰŻѵ۹⣬˶Գ̬Ҳء




1085¡ﳤ
 

ﳤƿɾͲôΪˣĵһۣͲóǺͬһҽ
˵ŰվͳкʱﳤȴǰȻţֻ΢΢̧ͷ˳һۡ
ﳤ⸱̬ȣȻҲ
һﳤƵϣòҲ֪϶Ǹһǳҽҡ
ϣлΪҽӻֻŰһ䡣
ﳤƣһӻӶûУҲúк
ﳤɫʱͲÿˣ΢΢ü˵㶮ʩչҽɵĹʮ룿
ʮֻǻˣûʲôʩչġ䲻ȵӦһ䡣
ﳤһһ͡
û뵽ˣȻ԰Դ
ҽɵĹʮ붼һϵӡ
ﳤƷǳʧˡ
ŰҲһΡ
ﳤһӻʶһ»Ƴˡ
ȴ죬ҽǴɡ
˵ҽô߳Ҫس
Ȼʩչʮܼ򵥣϶ƶʡǱߵҽˣﳤ仰̽ĵˡ
ƽдһ˿䵭˵ѧҽǳκһҽҡ
ʦͨŰ겻˼Ŀų
ûκҽҴлҽڣܹԼѧʮĸĻǿҽˣ
ȻﳤȴĻش¶ɫ
ΪĸҽңþҽƳ硣
ȴû뵽޵̣Ҳһҽʡ
ﳤƿܴеҽľ衣
ϣ˵ģƼҽţﳤƲٿһۣתŰʵ
Ű¶εЦݣ΢΢ͷȻ˵ͨʮ룬ǹҽɵִУӦûġ
Ǻǣͨʮ룿ҽִˣﳤҡҡͷЦϣͣԴ۾ˣһûʦСҲǳҽҵˣǹҽɵĴߣ
ǳȷʵִΨһͨʮ롱
ŰΪ⣬ﳤƲĴĻùʮ֤ǹҽɴǹʮʵҲ΢оҲֻܾͨǲ˷ʱˣ
ʮ뵽ǲǹҽɵĶһҵĻʮǹҽͳУ㲻ûʮ棬α˸߿һҰ·ҽ
ﳤһǳ⣬Űͷϸֻͷ
ȻﳤƵĻȫسŰȴҲʵ
Ű겻ֹһμҵĻʮ룬ʵ̫ˣ
»治ǹʮܹġ
ʱĿˣȷʵǹҽɴˡ
ʲôŰԲʮ־㵡
ѵԼϴˣ
ߣ㵹һ֪֮ҽɴˣɲ˭ʸġﳤһԵ֮ɫ
֮⣬Ҳŵҽɴߵš
ⲢҲμҽ
仰ﳤٴüͷ
ҽҵӵܶǣʲôʸﳤƳһѵĿǣ֪ҽҽߣǻҽЩҽ֪ɳһ޵̵Ұ·ѡ֣ҽЦΪһˣ
ҽҽѾҽҶˣѵЩҽУһҽܿģЦ
㣡ﳤƱһ仰ôӵۡ
ûһҽҺ˵
Сӣ˴βһ֮ػҽˣͣ
ﳤƿЦ㿴ų
Ҹ㣬Ǻʡҽʤ̴뼸ǧ꣬һȵùҽܱҽǿ
꣬˵ǧĴҲǷ𣿾ҵŮѣκһǿ˵ţ§§Ƴε֫
Ƴɫ΢΢һ죬ȴӹһ˿⡣
ﳤһøӿЦˣŮӼңʲôҽҾ㣬ȥҽ϶ǻҽ
˵仰ﳤһ˦վڼ͵Ĵӵ£ȥ
ֻŰꡣ
ǲ˼
ϣ㲻˵ˣԸҪʲôҽҵıӡ˵ţҪƳ뿪
ŰæȥҴȥذɣܿҪʼˡ
˵ͷûоܾ
϶ǱȽϿģ·Ҳʡʱ䡣




1086¡
 

Űĳ㿪ʵϣ֪ﳤʲôϵ𣿡
ﳤ谮ӣҲҽˣ˵ĻʮѾˣܲ˵˲أֻҪһڣܰ˾ȻŰʱŨŨĽ֮ɫȫβס
żںʡǺҽҡ
ǵһżŵ㣬ˣλҳ׸ǹ
ŰﳤǰŻᰫһͷ
ô˵ǸҽˣͦŰôߡ
ɺͳڱֱ֥俴ǸĻ棬ӡȫͬ
ֻŰ¶һĨЦȷʵţֻ̫ѲŰӲ־ˣ㲡߼Ҵſڹҹ涼һ˿ͬġ
ҲҽҡԳƹҽɴôвȴϳ֣
⣬ҲƳ֪ġ
ϾȵĻǻ˼
֪˼ҽͬΪθ֮ˣУԼԪ˳ǻ߸ĺôǾֵܳġŰ˵
ʮֿЦ
˱ҽְҽңȴΥҽ£˵䵱һҽ
û˵Ű֪Ŀ϶ܲſڵȶԹԣǺʡҽȴҵϵӡ
ŶΪʲô΢΢졣
Űһ߲ѵ˵˵ҽҽһͿأûһվΪҽ⣬ҽ츳ߣǶϣϡ
ҽ˱绪ϻѵҽͲҽôʵ
Ϊÿҽ涨ʮڵ̳μӣԲܻϻЩ̩ɽ޷μӡŰĽ͵
뵽һ⣺Ȼǰϣϣѵûвμһα𣿻߲μȴӮˣ
˵ʮûԲ֮ǰŰдһ˿ɬ㲻֪ʮô£ֻҪѧǰʮ룬ͿݺỪҽˣʷҽֻһѧǰʮ룬Ǿʼ˼㡣
ѧ룿
ôһʣŰּ֮ɫ˵Ѿ޳ȫʮ룬˹ĵһˣ˵һŶΪ
ϣ˵޳˻ʮ룬Ҫǰɣ仰Ƴʵġ
Ű˵ͷûճؽҽѧ磬ҳôţżǳױȲˡ
ŰΪҽҵ¸صǰȴôߣƳβĿ˿
ǳĬ뿴Ǹǲô
ԼһСʱ֮󣬳ӿһƬŷʽĽȺ֮ǰ
ŰܣƬȺ󶥼ҽѧԺͶʽģΪÿҽ
ҽҽѧоԺĽڻҽ֮磬˵Ǹҽҵĳˡ
ÿοƬȺŰ궼
ŰųƳȺȥ
ֻŰ߱˵˴δʡҽҶһûбҽûвʸżҺˣɷΪ
ŰԳһӡ̫ãóΪ˸̫߰ͳ
ǳϾǻѼƼġ
Ű˸С˼ϣżҲˣ֪żܹɳ
ĴϣżҾͲ޹ˡ
Ű˼᲻֪
ϣ˵ҽߣǴŻҽѧҽңͬһ˴żҲǹζĻȣ㲻˵ţڣҽʤ˰ɣõҲ
ŰЩΣǿһ˿ȻЦݣͨʮ룬ȲҵĻʮ룬ڴչ¶ҲΪһİ
˼ǲżҲġ
ȷľܾŰ꣬ŰЦݽӲϡ
ʵ㣬ϣʵҽʡˡ
ʲôŰһԾ
ΪһûмҽȻҽ֮ܳˣ
⵨δ̫ˣ
ǽҽҽϣΪҶֲصĻ




1087¡֮ǰ
 

뵽Ҫ֮Ű·һŴʯͷѹס
ɲΪ
ΪŰ껹³浽ʲôڡ
Ƴΰһ顣
Űʮ
û뵽ҽţȻΪֱڡ
ЩϷˣ
ǻƼģŰ겻ҵ
ŰΪҽǿϾ˼ҵĻʮѾԲˣܱȵϡ
ŰĳĿڵ¹ػҽˣϣԴΪأʲôڣ˼Ϊǵ⡣
ԴΪأЦЦû˵ʲô
Űܲġ
ʱѾߵ᳡֮ǰŰֻѹ¼Ȱ˵˼
᳡ƬȺΧƵһȪ㳡֮С
ܿ쿪ʼ㳡ϻվҽѧˣһźͣ࣬еĸϣһλλҽ
ҽߣﳤһȺҽǰס
վҽҵһЩ˶ҽδϣ
һվŹ⼸󶥼ҽѧԺĲߣװġŵлһ˿Ի˵Ĳм
ЩŮҽ߲˵һĴ
ϣӲǻҽһѩǰܣҽšﳤƵһҽǰЦݴ
ȻﳤԵһЦֻҪһˣͿԾҽߣʱǻñʤҾҪӰһƬˣ
˵úãͿЩŵҽҽ֮罨оԺˡﳤҽǰǷ׷׸͡
ﳤƿŰߵߣüͷȴ΢΢һ塣
ı鱻Աһλҽ׽ʵϣƺϽ뵽˲ˣ
Ҷ֪żҺˣȥһûС
ڿŰһһ𣬶ڲ²ǸǲŰ
Ǻǣǿ֪ʲôﳤ¶мЦ⡣
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СӽгֻһҽûκұȴԳǹҽִˣ
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ǲǺͿˣҰ·ҽ
ҽɴˣûҵ̵ҽǶҽ
ҿǲΪˣֻߵҽˣ
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ֻ죬ֳ˸棬ҽҲҲ÷ֻΪס
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ܿ죬żһҽϢӸλҽǰߣߵ˶С
ܶ˶顣
вҽ̳ܻĶųָָ㣬Ǳ֮ɫ
һߣһɫ߰д٬꣬ȴһȺŮµΧš
Ű߳Ǹ档
˹ȥúĿԡ
ֻâ¶ﶼ͸¶ŶԳĲм
ߵŮϾǼмֻ֮ɫ
Щҽ̳УĿţ磬ҳҽңһֻʮǷ켫Ĺҽɴˡ
ĿƽƽûκҽұʦжûУ˵붼ȣһٵĹҽɴˡ
һԱȼֱر
ߵƳǰһ
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һ¾жϳƳξڱֱ֥¶ӰŮҽ
һȺ˵Ĵӵ£˹
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棬Ǳ֥ãصˡƳε˵
һЦеϧĹʮٺãҲһʮĶ֡
ұȲ㣬ǳһԡ
Ƴ仰˵ĿⶼתƵϡ
ŮҿϹۣȻһƭӹһԳƹҽɴˣƭת治мļЦ
ҽɣҵͽܻࡣɲΪԼҽȹҽɲ
ΪҽɵĹʮ룬ҲֻаҽɽĻ汾ˡ
˵ʲôһʱŭ
ԳйҽɺˣΪԼǹҽǧĴˣϾ˻ʮ롣
˳仰൱ˡ
׼ŭʱһҽ볡Уʽʼ
ݺݵĵ˳һۣȻ˻Լλá
һĻҽ߿Уһַ۵ˣһˣʵЩĵĲڸʲôôǰˣ
㲻֪ϲڶ𣿲ҽѧ棬ڶܼңΪʲôǻᱻǵҲһǸŶֵЦ⡣
Ž˵Ļ£ҽʽʼ




1088¡׷ӳͷ
 

ڴ᳡룬ڷһųŸҽƹߣȵȡ
˫1Ųѡϳви˵
ҽҽߵ̳֮У߳һˣ֮ԡ
һԱ߹ӷŵϣһֻС
ҽĵһ⣬Ǳ˭ϳֻСĲ򡣡впѡһۣҺʼ֮ǲſԽϡ
ȵȣͻȻ֮䣬ϵﳤƽͣ˱
˲Եȥ
ʲô𣿡һҽλϣλߵҽüʵ
ﳤƿȣȻ׷һʧ߳ͷ
׷ӳͷ᳡˲䷢һ
ȫڽͷӶۡ
ȵüͷøˣԺܲá
ȥҽ綼ǵ°ܽҽҪͷ
ôδﳤƾȻʮҪ׷ӳͷ
ʲôͷ仰ǴӦˣҽǱʤġ
˷ȲҪѯҽ
ﳤǹʧ߳ͷܼ򵥣˴ôҪƬоԺ
仰һλϵһȺҽЩˡ
ҽ߲Ǹŭﳤơ
ͷֻҽȼͬʱ̺һ˿м
ﳤƿ˳µһۣȻһЦûΪñӹƽҲӦĳͷ
仰ЦһȻԵļҽһ¡
Щҽ¶ŹֵЦݣʵУﳤƾһɵӡ
⼸ҽѾùҵˣҽݸǿﳤΪҽ׷ͷ
ⲻҪҽӶ
۹󣬷ٴοﳤƣϵЦЩݣ۾ҽ˴Ҫ׷ӵĳͷǵʮߣӽԺ󲻵ٴҽѧְҵ
ʲô
ֵһȺҽǰͳµҽ̳ŭˡ
û뵽ҽ׷ӵĳͷȻôݶ
ʮԶôҽѧְҵ൱ڻٵǵ
ϾЩ߶ҽҳʱͿʼҩѧϰҽʮˡ
Ժҽǳ˷һ
ҽ̫ˣ
ǰ;Īɱ˸ĸҽ
ǾǣôݶĳͷҽҲó
ҽ粻ǰ׷׿ڳ
ȴȻһЦҽ֮ҪǵоԺѵĳͷܹ֣
֣һ㶼֡ҽǶܷŭʱﳤɫȴǳ
ҴҽӦ׷ͷ
ϣ⣿
ҽǰȫסˣû뵽ﳤôˬĴӦ
˵ʮĻҽоͰҡʱ濪ˣȻҺүүͷûǻʲôµģ
仰Ǿ˵ò޵
ڳҽǰ;ľţԺٵҽĻԱɱܡ
Ȼ涼ôŵĴӦ˵үⳡʤȯա
ҽֻѹ·ŭ
˵ıѹˡ
Ȼ߶ûôʼɡ仰˵꣬еĲоѡֿʼСϲˡ
αȻ߸ʮϳǰܱȷΪʮıӮĳθжӮ
һһѡʤ߻ڳϣʧܷѡּ
ȥ꣬ҽʮѡ֣ÿֻս̭ҽȫʮѡ֡
ҽ˵һǳļ¼
뵽ϴˢһг裬ҽȫʮܡ
ʡҽڶ࣬ʮҽΪϳҲʮҵ
ȻһλϳĲ
ܿһλҽѡְ
ڳϵҽѡ֣սڶλҽѡ֣һĿ
ʮӺ󣬵ڶλҽѡҲˡ
ʵҽһʼʵѡ֣ҽ괴¸ĳ¼
˵λλֱλҽѡϳʱվŵĻǵһλҽѡ֡
λѡҲİˡ
ϵǸһĽԵãǳӡ
ҽһһһҿֻҪһλѡ֣ܽԷʮλѡֻܡȿá
ҽͳµҽ߲ҲʮָˣЩЦ
Ͼ̫Цˣ
ֱڰλѡֱ̭ʱҽ˳еΣʵĲ̫ġ
Ϊǿѹѡ滹ûϳ




1089¡
 

ϣҽͿҺˣ
ǰٶҲûϵ
ЩӼʶһ»ʮ
ЩﳤƱŵЦ⣬еԵ֮ɫǳԡ
һۣͬʱ˶ҽſȥ
ҽûһѡ̭治֪̭أƳʵ
ҽѡȷʵСҪ̫Ļһѡֶ̭ˡƽ
Ȼóλҽѡ֣ҽô߳ͬ棬Ѿٮٮߡ
ھͿˡ
ܵڴĿ⿴沢ûеһʱϳ
ǹһѹġ
֮淴߿һۡ
г֮⡣
ţ氺ߵУĿƵĿԷҽѡ֡
˻ûʼͲŨŨĻҩζ
ڲе£̧ԡ
ҶӿݻƣȻˣһһģһĲ
λѡԲ鲢βٶȸ߽ʤ
˱Ŀ֮λҽѡ̶ϡ
˫ֱأϾĿҽѡָβ
ôʼϣвʵ
ѵҽѡֱֿ̫ӷ
Ȼɫĵʮӣ
仰Բ졣
û뵽Ȼŵֵز
ҽ߷׷Ц
ﳤΪ׵һҽ̬ȡ
ûҽѧҽѡ֣͸š
ҽʱüˣ
λҽѡֻŭϣӾϳȻʼѸơ
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ʱڶˡ
ƵĴӻȡһ洫룬ϡ
Ȼȡָм䣬ӾҪβ
ϲ鶼ã˶еʮ־档
ǹ԰Ц⣬ȵʮ룬룬ľ괺
ҵĻʮ룬оֲķ
ԲӦ䡣
ֲʲôõκá
˷ʱϲ顣
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ҽ߶˾ˡ
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ӹ룬ԿݻƵҶӾȻıΪɫ
һߵҽѡȴһɫûУʤѾǳԡ
᳡˶̾ѡ
̧ͷ­ȻڳУһĻ;̾
ٲǹҽɴˣ̫ˣµ̳֮
ҽߣȵɫе㲻ÿˡ
ǲûΪչ¶̫ǡ
ʱɫͷˣ׼ϳ
Ǵ˴ҽѡʵڶǿġ
һûж˲㲻ýšԱߵĽļ
ʼգɫɡ
ͷлл㣬׼ӡ
Ȼݵ߽С
м˱Ŀģʮָг
Ҫλѡֱַҽҽַģ
һĿһСĻȻ
Ƴζ̲סѿڵʮָгѶǰʮȻĿ
Ŷ𣿡ʲôѶȫ⡣
Ƴ²۵ȻĻҪĸСʱأӵ֮һˡ
ֻ΢΢ͷƳе봷һ£һ￴û
֮һֱʮŵ棬¶һ˿֣صɫ
Ϊȷʵ
屻̧ʼ֮˫ָסĸ룬һס
ȫɴ۾ŵĿλѡֿʼ
ַֻȻôۻң̲ס̾ôӵȻô
һߵһ˿Сг
ʱһһĹȥ
ģʮָгȻ̣ʱҲҪСʱ
֪˶ͷ϶ˮ
Ȼͱơ
ȴԼͨʮ룬мʹ
ۿĵһθеꡣ
ˣϵĶԽԽ죬ҲԽԽ·
ͻȻ֮䣬Ķͣ¶ı顣
п˿ֿ˿棬һֱҽѡʤ




1090¡˿
 

ʲô
ܣ
ôܻ䣿
᳡˲ըˡ
ԴһƬհ׵վڳС
ﳤƼ棬һʱ䷴ӦûȷҽѡֵǷɹôжʤ
Ǿ߲ϯȥ¶ϷʵЦݡ
ǳõѧȻ;ûʧܵĿԡ
˫ɳҽȥ
һ֮£ҽȫһˣҽиҡ
ˣ
λı飬ﳤһЩλϵ
ǽסȭͷѹҧѪ
һҽѧţܻ
ʵȴݺݵĸһӣ
˿վڳУֻоذ䣬ĸǸо
ǻĵ
ǴĹҽɴˣ
ȿﳤƣǼ
ҽҲȫǳŪ֮ɫ
ﳤɫһһף޷Ӧ
֮ǰºڣڸҽǰ˵ҽôʮ۷壬ҽѧ޵С
һͷʧ߳ͷޱܹӮ±
ڽȴ˵Ķˡ衣
ǻҽǰ׳գȺεĳЦˡ
ߣһȺҽڴЦ£һȺҽ߲ҲЦ
ҽÿ˶߳ܵĵͷ­ɥ
ˣ̫ˣ
ҿӽ쿪ʼǻҽûҪˣ
Ц֮Į˵
ѾĴҽ֤ҽһǴķ
ұ빧ϲӣˢҽĳ¼
仰ﳤرҸطȥ
ҽɳλѡ֣ܽҽʮλѡ̭
ҽֻλѡ֣Ӯʤ
ҽ˫ôȷʵûٱҪȥ
ӽ쿪ʼҽ綼Ҫϳ
뵽ԼԺ󲻵ٴҽѧҵﳤƸĵѪ
ı飬˶ٱδܿǷһˡ
ΪĴ˵̫ء
ơǺֻ˾λѡ֡һҽǰͻȻ뵽һ㣬е㲻ĵĿڡ
ϾΪҽǰ˭Ҳ뿴ҽӴһǧɡ
̲סЦǿѡֶˣϵʮλѡ֣Ҳȡ裡
ǡ
ʲôҼǵʮҽңǸżҺˣûѡֿɣ
伥м
ǻҽһһ˿ãʮѡֶղ룬ôܺҽȣ
仰һȺҽǰ׾
żȷʵ˿ã
ػҽѧһͿˡ
ﳤгͷʱͻȻһ᳡
˭˵ҽ˿õģ
߽С
һ˲֮䣬Ŀ⳯۶
ЩĿоȺԻҲвмͱġ
Ͽ˻ȥﳤƼϳŭ
һұĽҽûʸΪżҲҲûʸǻҽ
컪ҽѾˡ
ﳤƿɲóˢ³¼
ʲôʱ˵ǴżҲģ
Ƴﳤһۡ
УЩҽңʲôʸҽˮƽ
Ϊҽ֮ףԳƹҽ֮ȴҽ涪ﳤƺ˼ҽ
СӣҽȻҽǸҽߣһɵҰ·ӣҪҲֻܴԼܴҽ磡ﳤƵӽˡ
СѵӶòࣿ
ҽǰǣҲûһų
ҽⶫûмǧĴУôѧɲţ
ճµģɵĻʮ룬ҽĶ֣ȰͱȡˡЦ㿴ų
ȻˣһƲ
棬һЦ㻹ΪĻʮˣ棬̫ΪˣĻʮ룬룬ͺ͹ʮһ㻹Զ
㶮ƨ汻ѵϵ߳ȫתΪŭʲô룬ֲڵĶҲó˵ҿ
ҽԾ仰˵е
ҲԳӲϣˡ
ɣҽ缼ˣˡŰڳ̾˵
Ҳó̫ˡ
ȥֻҽЦ
ȴŰĻ߷磬ֱӲϯϵķ˵ҽΪҽĴǸҲӦս
ûʸ
ﳤֹȴ˰֣ȻȤĿųǹϷʵЦ˵Һ⿴ҽˢ³¼




1091¡ϳ
 

仰ǴӦóϳˡ
λҪ֪ʧܵĳͷءͻȻЦ⣬ɫ
ݶʲôͷ
ˣЩҽҶҪлԶѧҽҽȵǳ
ڳҽɫ䡣
ԡֱ˵ĴӦ
ﳤŭȵǻҽ𣿡
˵ˣûʸҽ硣ƳﳤһֿۣȣҽˣҲҵĳͷ
㾡ᣬȫӦȱֵúܴȡ
ΪΪһ˿ʤĿԡ
ˣһϵֳҽƾҲòоԺ뵱
Ļ÷˲ŭڡ
ãܺãʼɣ
ȲϻҪСӳʧܵζͺ
ܿ죬ԱֻСèȻĿ
ֻСèĺ֫⵽Թۣ˫ѡֱʱӹǣٶȸ߻ʤ
ڲе£ҽѡѸҽƹߣСèӹ
ȴŶ֣ǿ档
棬豦֥õ飬Ӯˣͬϵ˫־䣬˸ű
㲻ӮģǱ֥õĹʮ룬޷ҵĻʮȣôӮ˸Ƚҽ漥һ䣬Ȼߵߡ
˶û뵽ʼ֮󣬳ʱ˵
ôǿ󣬳ȴУûٶһϣˣ
ֻƳΪһ͡
ڳе˵֥á
Ҽǵñֱ֥ҽβܻѵǱ֥õˣ
һ˵ˣ֥õĹʮҿȷʵͦ棬Ȼ޷ͻʮȡ
ʮ붼ˣôӮˣ
Щӵȫš
ȡ״ӾǷϣ򵽵롣
˹Ŵҽأÿһ붼̺
ó룬ѾЦˡ
ﳤǷ׷ҡͷ
Ѿ֤ҽߵЧʵˣôСèӹǣ
žδսȰܡ
ǳȴŵЦݣ̺š
Ǽʶһ£ʲôĻһ䣬סһͻȻ΢⣡
⻹û꣬һֻɨףһ˲֮䣬һзɳӵϡ
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һĻȫȻ
ﳤƻǷȣλϵҽȫһվ
ôܣ
ԲۣҲۻ˰ɣ룿
룡
̾Ŀɿڴ
Ƴεһ˫˸İˣ
ȴ߬ס˫ȭָ׶ˡ
һֱΪҽżмصġ롱ֻ֮ǿŵݴʡ
û뵽Ȼģ
ֻ롱ľˣ
˵ûֳʤһ֤ǿˣ
һԼΪҽһţǶôĿЦ
ղЦҽԭԼǾ֮ܡ
ߣҽȻŹ棬ϧֱħһַ˺ÿһʵԶûУĶ֣
Ȼַݺһѣʼնҽǿҽѧ
Ȼ仰һһСèȹǷȥ
Сèô룬ȴһʹûУоȲһůţһʹࡣ
ַӶ˫ûСèһ£СèȲϵȴƶ
˶ܿó뽫СèȲƻԭλͺƴͼһ
ַֻ򵥣ڳгҽ֪ԼʮҲ޷
һĪˡ
οСèӹǣҪ׵ĿƼɣܳκʧ
ﳤƿޱȵ𺳣ǰȫȴҽ۷
ֻλҽ֮ףĻǲԸϳҸǿ
ڳ似֮£һӾ˽ӹ
Ȳŵ˹飬ȫһ档
ֱʤߣĳ
󣬺ܶ˻ûӦ
ã᳡űһ䶯
ҽ˶û뵽Ӯ˱
֮УЩҽϵɫܸӣϲҲΪԼ
ͷ³
е˼
𷢵׼ǹһȣȻ˸
иĶˡ




1092¡׼
 

׼ӺȻͬһȣͬһҽѧԺǺѵĹϵ
׼֪ҽѧϵ츳Ͳж˵֮¡
ȴڳϰܸ˳
ԭ׼ӶԳмһˣڳȴһĿ࿴ˡ
λҽѡ֣׼ϳ
Ųеҽ߲Ŵӳȡʤлع
˵ǡ
Ȼҽѡ֣ɻ߸أ
ǿɲ֪һʼλǿѡϳ
׼Ӿҽʮѡеǿߣ
׼ͬʿŶִɢ̨Ⱥҽ϶Ц⡣
Ϊǿ׼Դںɵ״̬Ҳ˵׼Уֵӡ
ַǱﳤƣȻ뵽ʲô
ѵ׼ӣλŵҽѧĲʿ֣
ŶǲȵĿﳤһۣû׼Ӳλʿ֣谮ѧ
ϣѵ׼Ӻҽǰ׷ǵʵ
ֹ
ﳤƿЦһ
˵λʿŵҽѧ׼ӾвٹͣһԶڳѡˣЩǰ¶û׼ӵҽѧߡ
һ𺳡
ԷȻɳһλŵҽѧĳҽѧţ
ѧʮɱȵġ
׼ȣֻ˵һλӹš
ôܷӮһλ
ԭ룬ҽǰǣ˿İ̾Ҫһҽѧ磡
Ӯ˵ġﳤҡҡͷôվҽҳСҳѧϰҽ˵ܺ׼ӱһȡ
仰ȴЦһҽôôŵҽѧߣûЩҽ֣
ﳤƶʱһ죬ĬĿųС
ʱҪĿ
׼ӾʾУùԱ̧ˡ
дһ˿ЩʵЦ̼ģô
ô棿ƽûһ˿һĲ
׼ָԼԴ˫Ŀ˷ܵĹâܼ򵥣ԼԼƤг

׼仰ȫһƬȻ
ԼԼƤг
ʵ̫ˣ
ֱǲҪ
ΪҪпԲȻʮִӵĴ϶ӡ
һСĳʧ˱ɵֱɥ
ҽҪ֮һƫ
ԼԼ
ǸѰ·ûʲôˡ
̲ҩֹʹҩʹþӹ۲ڲȫƾԼогƤʡ
׼Ц˵һ·˵ԷˮСһܼ򵥡
ȴͷƤ顣
ֱ̬ҪԼˡ
ӣ˿϶Ƿӣ
вԼͬ׼ӵۡ
ôҴӦҵĻֱ䡣׼ϵЦ⿴ζŨˡ
û˾óҴӦı
Ͼû˻Լ档
λϵķҲЦ
ɲΪ׼ҪķʽҪȳսܡ
ûҽӳ衣
ﳤơ滹ҽóֱӷ
Ƿӣ㲻úƳҲȰ˵
Լİ֮Σ֮С
ȴһȣ׼ӣҴӦ㡣
һ䣬ȫٴһƬ
ҴӦ
˶š
ӣ˶ǷӣЦҡҡͷ
ȵЦҲ˲ʧˣû뵽ӦҪҽ
׼ӣҽ
Ȼû˵꣬׼ӱ˰֡
㲻Ļ䡣׼Ӵ˿˶Ǽ˷ܵ״̬
ǳˡǳԸһ顣
ӹŴ󲿷ֺͷ졣
ħɻ
ֻĬ׼ӵ
Ϊ׼Ļҽʣµѡ֣ȫǳĶ֡
ҽǰߣ׼Ӽŵӣȫûˡ
ϣҪȰɣϾǻҽ粻ɶõĺ֮㡣һҽڵ
ﳤ۵ӹһĨɫ˵СӴǻҽ磬ҪܺҽܳͬھĻǿΪҽһ㹱ףǱɣ
ҽǰȫ˵ˡ
׼ӿŵҽѧţΪⳡĻڻҽ˵ȷʵһ¡
ҽ粻֪Ҫ׼ѹ̧ͷ




1093¡
 

Ƴ˫۷ˮ
Ϊıʵ̫Σˡ
֪Լֹ˳
Ƴ΢΢һЦȻ׼ӣƽ˵ʼɡ
򶨣׼ӶЩ˼顣
Ȼ֮ܽˣ˳
ȻҪΪҽôΰֻ׼˵ıʵʲô
ϧ˻ġ׼ƺóˣȻɫԼԴϴ䡣
ж©˰ġ
һĻʵ̫ˣ
ʵƤгҽԺĻղرߡ
гƤҪƤϵ˵ľ״̬˼άӦһĴٽá
ԳŻӦ
ɲ׼ǳ׵׵ҽѧӡ
ۼ׼ӼԼ­⾪Щ۾ҿˡ
׼ӻư㿴ų߶߼ôұˣ
΢΢һЦɫȻȡһ룬϶
ɢɫ͹âٴ𺳲ѡ
룬ȷʵҽֶΣ
˵껪٢Ҫܲ­Ǵַ
ֻǲܲĲ̫أû٢ɱ˻٢
ǧǰҽֶڳ֣ܲЩżҽҸе𺳣
עָ֮һͬһƾշԴȻƤһһϸСĿӡ
ӱ֮ûһѪ˶ˡ
Ϊ׼ǱߣԴѾѪ죬׼ӵɫǳʹ࣬Ȼڿǿ־;֧š
һѪûҲɵӣǸԼ­Ƥг
Сӣˣȼ̫ɣΪû
ȣⳡʤߣ˭ȡгƤΪ׼Ȼˡ
ߣҪǸˣĻҾĲ㣡ȻǺܲġ
׼ûֹʹҩҩ£пԼƤʱܿ
ҽŵΪӮⳡʤô۾̫ˣ
¡Ҫˣٺ٣׼Ѿеʶģ˿ȻЦǷ֮ɫ
Ŷ𣿡֮£̫ˡ
ָ΢΢һƿ½ԲʼƤг
ֻûԸųܵƾһ룬
õĻڳҽ˵ϳǹҽɵִˣ˵Լǵҽɶû⣡
׼ӿʼʹĵλҽѡŰʽıʽ˿ܲʹˡ
ųɫݣľȻӿ֮⡣
оԼЩɵˣ
Ϳ԰ĵСѹȴҪ÷ķսԼļޣ
Сӣǲǹģ׼ǿʹʵ
ֿʼԲϽѪ࣬籡ˡ
ȿ̽ͣ
ģмһЦԸģҪˣķʤ
ߣǡҽģֹŰ壡׼ͼͨͳԼѡ
ЦҰѪȱʽ㣬˭ģһ۱֪
㣡׼˫Ŀ죬ŭ
ѾĽȡ˳һƤʡ
ˡ
仰𾪵׼˫һԴ͵شһ£ǼѪ쭡

׼ʹʧУЪ˹ĵز
ܣҲܻ䣡
ҽ飬гǲƤʡ΢΢һЦ̺ϷʵЦ⡣
׼ӵɴ۾ĶסǸϹŵĶ
Ѿ³żҽߵǰ
Ȼȫ׼һ۾ɵñţ廹
ôܣĳɹƤг𺧡
ҲţҽѧʷϾ޷ɵ
ȷ֮ȫ˶𾪵Ըӡ
ŵһϡ
ﳤƴλȻվ𣬴ԭء
ŰסͣԼ
ϵƤʷŵϣȻԴһӣǵӱԶˡ
ˣҽѾҪҵĳͷŰı䡣
׼ʩԳͷĵһĿ꣬ҽɫ׼ӡ
׼׼ʱҽͻȻӵʱ󺰴Уʱֿ񲡣
ղΪ̼ܵ׼ûпƺãƻԼԲھѾˣ




1094¡ɱ
 

׼ӣ׼ӣȺͼҽ׼ֹѪôס
Թۣ׼Ӳͣ衣
һж׼Ӿȡ
ͻȻ֮䣬׼һУȻֱֱͦģȥ
׼ӣ׼ˤڵ˫Ŀۣͬ־ּ
ȥһ׼ӵĺȻɫ׳
׼ˣ
ҽѧҫ۵ǣĿ
һҽܱ𾪣ҽȴÿ˶һ˿ĿС
ҽ軪ҽѧ꣬ڵõӦˣ
Ⱥҽ߲ȥ
ĵڶĿ
Сӣʲôŭȵ
ͷȻ˷һۣʧ߳ͷѵˣ
׼Ӷ㺦ˣ㻹ҽ֣ŭɶгɱ
׼ΣյıʽҲͬˣ˵Һǲ̫ЦˣӷȵɱѾߵǰ
ıʹ֮Уߵǰߺ֮£һȭ
꣡
һֹ
˫ֵֹǾϡ
ڶҽţֱӱϵ
ס֣
һȣͻȻһȺװڡ
ɱСӣһ£Ⱥװͳǹ׼
ŵȫһƬ
Ȼһ̣װǻûǹͻȻһѪۡ
һָֻ֣ϵһ˲ɱȵȫڡ
˶סˡ
ʦﳤѿڽе
Ϊҽң˵ˣȻ֪ѧľ绮֡
ܹձеУضʦˣ
ҽҲһȫʦ
³ܹ룬Ҳͽ͵ͨˡ
ֻǴϵҽţҸıˡһ䣬ɱȻһ㡣
ȻȸɳڻĵĵɱˣҲͲ顣
㡢ʲôǿҽѧҪҪҶֵĻԻḶۣ־ŭĽе
Ц㿴һۣȻ¶
ټı᳡֮УһӳϷɳһҽҽѧ̵߲£һ߾ʬ塣
ɱ䣬ɱôҽţҽѧ˷ǳصʧ
ﳤơ˿ųɱ¾ŵȫķ
һеµʱ򣬳Ŀŵϡ
ҪɱңԲҸǸ˫һֱӹڵϡ
һһ߹
أ
潫ͷྵ죺ԲҲı֥ãƲǹҽִˡȹҽɻ
ﳤƿ⸱ΣҲܹڳǰӲµһ
ұ֥ãˡ
ﳤƣΪҽ֮ףȴûҽ綪棬أ²λҿҲҽˡ
һ䣬ͻȻһŰ
ﳤơү˫־ȫϵ
лɱ֮ﳤ֪һѾĳͷˡ
Ͼﶼԥɱںҡ
ﳤƣ齻ӽԺҿңҽ֮У˵仰Ƴȥ
ﳤƹظףҶ˵һ仰
ҽңûжʩԳͽ䣬ЩûзʲôĹξЩҽٲϾǻҽĸ
ҽû䣬ϵڳЩҽӵܣԺҽľˡ
ƳΣǻƶʡɡ§סƳҪ뿪᳡
ǵԺۿǱֱ֥ѧϰʮ룡Ƴλͷ˵һ䡣
Щҽҵγѣ׷׹ͳƳȥ
Ƴǰ
ƳΣղŵ𣿡
ãɱôҽº鷳Ƴεǵһ㡣
΢΢һЦʡʮҽҵĴӪǶȫɡ
ʵһʼûôɱģֻǷȶ֡
ȴôǹıڣ뵱ɱˣѾ
˳ҲͲˡ
ʱ򣬳Ƴ׼ǻպýӵŵĵ绰
׿ʡũTVܲſڱˣҽԺԲѣ
ŵһ仰óüͷ
ô£
Ƕطĵܵܶɵģǣʷ˵컪Ѿץˣ֮ȥ飬򶫷ũTVϼŸ𣡡
ϻȥҶϵ绰бޱȣȻɱƳζһ




1095¡ŭ
 

ǻ֮Ƴβ˵ʲô顣
᲻ΣգƳ˵ôǿɵΪᰵ
ŭƽϢһ㣺ʱΣգ۶Ѿ֪ͨˡ
ʵҲе㲻ģϾܽͻƻ׿ˣֿ϶򵥡
һۣһܱᰡ
ֻǳû뵽ǣطȻɶǰƶʡһĿŵĶ֡
ǰ֪飬϶μҽˡ
Һúʡ͹㶫ʡ磬һСʱƳξͻصƶʡᡣ
·ɻ󣬳һʱϵᰣ֪Ȼȫ֮󣬱ƳǰʡһҽԺ
׿ڵĲһ۾Ϳ׿˫Ŀڲϣ߳˰Ż׿ļҳ
ߵߣ͸ۼһ׿
һ֮£ŭڵһˡ
Ϊ龹Ȼ׿ȫҲ˵׿һλֱ޷ķˣ
ȻֻҪгڣ׿绹пϰϣ
ţô£ϸ˵һ顣ŭʵ
ͨŵ֪׿ʡ϶Ϊʦ
׿ΪũTV˱ũTVܲá
ֻǸյ¥µʱ򣬾׼ȥũTVҳ˵Ķ顣
׿߲ƣ嶫ͼ֮󣬶Ҳ֪׿ͳйϵ˱ֱӳˡ
ڼƵ￴˽һĻġ
һ֮䣬׿ͱˡ
ʱ׼ڶȡ׿ȻȥũTVҳ
ѲߣѸ뿪
׿类֮ǰѾ˽컪
컪ԼȥҶġ
Ϊڶ࣬Ͼ¿һشƶʡᣬӻ¡ء
컪֮ǰѵʷƣ֪϶Ͷڡ
˽컪شǶط
һ֮£컪֪Сү顣
컪ò¶֪϶ǶطԸġ
Ϊ˸ģ컪Լ˶顣
˴ŴҵסľƵꡣ
ֻǽ컪͹˶֣ļٸȫһ˻ܣ컪ԼҲץס
Ȼʷ֪ͨ˰Ϣ
갲ŵˮһԲȡ룬׼ȸ׿ˡ
ʲô׿һ
Ϊ캣д쵼׿ֻ˵֣ȴûˡ
λǵˣ׿ĸװɣǳ
λĳ׿дһ˿ϲ
Ϊ˵ҽôӾпϣˡ
׿㲻ҪҸˡ
ã鷳ˣ
ȡһ룬׿ĸλ䡣
ò˵̫ݶˣõ书ҲߵĶ
ֻǳ޷ƾ˿ʲôʵ
Сʱ׿Ȼûѣȶ
ֻطͷǳˡ
룬ͻȻֻݵǰ
㿴ʷƷһƵ
˵ţƵ
ֻƵУ컪ƺĳڵϣɫҰףȫѪֽȫԲ״䣬Ȼ۶ˡ
컪Աߵɳϣһһɫ硢ʮꡣ
ʷվߣϹϾ
Ȼ΢в졣
ǳƳǰʡʱڻǸү
С㣬үܲˣʱΪһСʱһСʱڳϲũTVϼţҪٴϴˣʷƵв
Ҷӵ̫ˣǱɣ׿ҧгݵ˵
ҡҡͷ
޷죬Ϊжţ׵ɷԸ
׿ģԼȥ飬һ۵ġ
һҪСİҶǻ֣סһ׿ѵ
˵ͷҪ߳
ͻȻ߽װӡ
һƶά־־ֳл
ôˣʵ
л¶һĨεĿЦɱǸ顣
Ϊʲôת䡣
׼Ϊͽܵ׿磬޷ϰķˣĹĽ컪ֽҲϡ
˳Ѿöһ졣
л鲻ɱ
óȫ޷ˡ
ġлſɬʵҲѾ֪ǶСүǽϾް뽭ά־ֹϵУǱߵķ־־ֳҵλҪߣָոմ绰Ըң鲻
һ绰Ҿ͵ס֣Ц
л̾Ȱ˵֪ڿ϶ܷŭҲֹԶֻ֣ܲһѵһ¾͡
л֣㲻˵ˣ仰ֱˤŶ




1096¡лѡ
 

ԼȰ費˳ڲлһɬΡ
ʱĵ绰
óֻһлٴοЦΪ绰ǽά־־ֳġ
лļҲʾˣǲɵýŵ
ΪԳȨпܿʡƶ־ʵʩ
л֣ͳ˵ôˣ绰ǳȻ顣
лε˵˼ֹ֣˳
л֣ôµģһ¾ͱˣŭͲֻһķڱʿѵҲάֵĻ
Ϊûƶ־ֱڣҲȰ˵Ҳ֪ĳ֣԰ܻκˡлֻܾ͵
ߣάǰҲùԹţοΪԼ޵˲ɣάձ˶ٳ֣ɳһܰѳѹˣ
ŵ绰Ǳλϡ
⼸˶ٳ飬άְаѹϢжٴˣҲάֵĻȥлó𣿡
лһɬҡҡͷ
ѻ˵ز֪ɱ˶飬һоͼûصˡ
ȷʵάֵҪѹ׾١
صĳ̫ˡ
лάܾڱıɽһǣʱе𺳡
ȻлҲǿ󣬵Ͼһڵ
лþû˵ѻŻһ㣺л֣ô˵ͬ£ĻҾͲ˵ˣ֮ͶԲִ󣬷ܾǱߺܻܿʱǶðְҲ㶯ʲôֶΣһҪѳס
绰лΪѣԥ
ֳô˵һ۰Ͱ͵ʵ
лûлش
Ŷ³ˣܿܶǾֳ
ֳֵָʾɣΪһƶ־ܵͷֵáһΪ±ǱߵİƳѹ
л񲻶ϱãҧݡ

лʵ˵ƶʡǿʿֻǲڱڡ
һֱά־ֵĹϵõġ
Ժά־ֿ϶кܶطҪæ
Բ򲻵ѣл
ƶ־ֵʵȫĸά־ģͽϷ־ָԶԶȡ
ܺͳùϵóΪƶ־ֵƸ֣ƣлҲúֵá
лᶨƶ־ֳ֣֧
ֳʧɫ
лô൱ڰƶ־ֵˣڳһˣ
ǳִ󣬱ɳڱѹƶ־ֿ϶ҲҪܵĳͷ
ǲ˵ˣųδضΪǿߣֻǳڻᣬǱûȫӳƶ־һҪųһл󣬱㲻ԥ
ҲֻлĻѾлܶꡣ
֣ɣǻȥ׼л߳
һߣʷƸĵַһ֮ǰ
ƺ֪ᵽûȥ
ʱڣпɳϱĿ
ʷվڹصĽ컪ǰϳԼ컪ʡͷУû뵽Ҳн죬
컪Ȼ۶ֽŹͷܾ޴ʹ࣬ʷȴһ㶼ûֳ治ɫ
ʷƷǳˬ
Ӵǻ绹ͦӲ
Ӳʲôأ˶һ첲ʱ򣬾עյĺ
ʷĿߺ޵
ΪСӳͷ³һбһ
˵֮ʷƺ޺޵컪һš
컪һԣޱ顣
Ӳǰɣҿ㻹Ӳʱʷһһߣߵý컪ϳһ˺ۡ
ôưˣ㲻ͦŵҲҪƫƫҪ
컪ڻлᣬֻҪ㿪ң˵һСүһ
ôʷͣ½ţ׵컪ǰʵ
ޣ
컪ͻȻʷһĭƵĶ
˵ʲôʷ߳ŭվҪ컪һŸݵġ
Сүˣ
⴫仰ʷ岻һæԼȣƺ±ڴ컪
ݣСүڣôܱСŵʷһ䣬Ȼſڿȥ




1097¡
 

ˣĿȫſڡ
ҷҲص֤αŰɱġ
黺˫ۣɫһᣬûΪĵκ
Ȼȫѳˡ
һžͿ컪ȫˡ
һ̣
ˣ컪Ȼȫ޴ʹȴǷǳϲ
ΪԳĴδҡ
СӸˣһΪӳʡᡢ㵽ɽȥˣʷһ㿪ڼ
ǳҲСһۡ
ĿҷһӶɳϵĶ顣
˵һ̶ϣɱײ¶ȶ轵֡
ţ
Ͷ鿴Էͬʱе졣
Ȼ˶ǲ֮ǰڻһ档
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һѧĸڿһɲǣ᲻ĵͷ
ʦҲ⡣
ӽϵʦںףλʦһ档
ʱں׾ͶԶɱǳ𾪡
ڳȴ治ɫ⵹öһ˿Ȥ
ڳĲ죬ֶȻһλߡ
ʵֻȻʸһ
ǶͿǱȻʸҪСü꣬ͽ˶˵츳ߣδ
ֶǹ֮󣬳΢΢һ
ֽϵĴ壬ʵܲ򵥡
˲ۺ񡢳ưԽ֮⣬֧֡
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ǻʦ̧Ƥмζǳԡ
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ڶ鿴׽߾ʦҲǲһ
Ȼûиʦ֣ԼʦĻ
ϾʦڹпǺպǿߡ
ǰСӣΪʦǶô˲ĳɾͣΪԼ޵УʵʲôҲ֪
飬ҵС㣬ͻ˶֪ʦйźɣ
赭дʳ仰Ѷ𾪵õɴ۾
ᣬûôı仯
ʷƺҷֱסˣǸ˵ʲô
㾹Ȼ֪磿龪ǳʵ
֪黹š
ߣȻ֪磬Ӧ֪߶ôǿ׽ĸǹǰͬһ㣡ָ˸߰ɫ
˵ûϵĸ˶Ļѧ磬ʦҲȹǿ߲Զ
㻹ҹ£Ѿ޷̳վź˵ˡ
ڽǿļСʳ߸ϡ
Ϊ츳һλǿ߿Ϊͽܡ
ʮһأ綼ǼΪҫ۵š
֪ݵˣޱȵľη
û˸ǰֳ֮⡣
ĸ綫طء
ȴǰվţôĴݣƺֻһСӶԴ
ö鼫Ĳˬˡ
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˶֪ʵȷʵͨʦҪǿһЩһһЩȦӵС
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Ҳ׳ΪʲôΪƶʡĵһˡ
˵ʵͲʲôˡ
ǽϵҲȦӣвԶʦ
ȦӱϾǴ׽硣
ʵԾɱȲϲԻĹ硣
Ϊ˲ԹߺߵĲ࣬صȥҽϵʢһλʦ֡
غϣλʦǿͨȦӶԶ龴ηݷ
ʱطֳۿۼ֤˵ܵܵʵǿֵز
Ϊ֤һսطŻöƶʡҳ
ʷƣҸĳͷճµ˵úͳϻˡ
ֻ뾡ɶط顣
ʷƵߵǰжη֡
úõš
һǰϸүȺүá
ڶũTVϼţԺüȥˣʲȫСүȥҡ
ǼŵλܣũTV̨ǲʡƳκۣЩŮȫҪȥϣү
أ




1098¡гر
 

ʷƻû˵꣬ͱһȷɳȥ
صˤǽϡ
һ³ּأ̺ľʷƺǽڶˡ
ʷƴǽˤʱѪϵĴ۾䡢ڱǴ
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ǳûɱӡ
һʷƣҪʷǰܾ޴ʹࡣ
һƣ潯컪ġơ
컪֣лΪұ𣡡
ҴǶˣһվ
סˡ
Ȼ˵ʷֻһ΢Сӡ
ô˵ʷҲ綫طǰĺˣǶһù
ɱ
ʱŭڣȫɱ
£ٴ½üȡ
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û뵽ȻôݣŶСүʷƴˡ
Ҳû뵽СүɱȻô˲·ѩ֮С
ôܴ򣿡
׿ϡѽ컪ֽ۶ϣҴǶһôˣ
飬Ҽţҳ𲻹ҹгر
ÿһ仰·ɱĺ磬ѹñһȺװҷ͸ˡ
ŭʢ֮ĵܺãܺãܾû˸Ƕˡ
㲻֪ܶȨƸߵöˣǶ³һⶼҡ
㱳ϼţҲκ⣡
µıɣ
һ䣬ұ۽֮֡
ҷ𺧵Ŀ£ƾնһ͸ĳ
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һ͸ıѩᾧ֮У϶ն䣬˷ը
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ԹȫĿɿڴ
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ĵһʽͱ赭дĽ
һѪֽ֮סޱȵı
νıǹһ˿Ϸʡ
龪ŭ֮ĺȵƲҵľѧ
һ˵һͼر
ǳָĿסУɶη˿
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ǰֻʦһ
ǵʦ˵ʦڹǰһʦһЩҲӦýӵסıŶ԰
ѷ֣޷˳׵ֶΡ
ȣһȫ۶ȥһż̵ıڵڱЩļӲ̶̴ְܹ塣
ɿָ
Ѹջرľٶʰġ
ԳǼɵĹ
վֻǷˣ
𾪺η嶼ʧˣָ˸߸ϵ̬
ҳȷʵʦöࡣ
֪ʮ꣬ڹȡʲôɾͣ
ǹǱţ
ʮλйǱʮ
ѧ츳ǰֵһӣ
˵ԼڹǱʱɫǳ԰
ע⵽ͫ΢΢һƺˡ
ȷʵԶеȽ⡣
Ͼʸȶü꣬ҲڹǱʮѡ
ʱգ黹гʸĿܡ
ڳ˵ǱϵŸʲô
ӽ쿪ʼǱϲ㶫֡䣬ȴȻһ¶ȿֲܷٻ档
ǣǲ˼飬и𼫶Σյס
һ̣һͬ˵ըǰ㣬ڱ




1099¡³
 

ӿһγη֮ɫ
֪ѧʦȻܹţôǹĸԣ
棬ǸԵöޱȵ𺧣
ϾǶĹߣǧһʱ
ڶʽر⣡
ʽѩն
ʽǧ˪ᣡ
Ǳնнġ
еڶʽ͵ʽǷʽʽǽʽ
Ȼڳǿ󣬵黹նɱ
ڱŰЮر˪նȥöϳ棡
䣡
һı죬ڱը
˪ײ֮£һıѩԼٶڻɢΣ
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ȻûӦϵıȻˣ
濪ʼı
ⲻܣ龪г
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⣬ֻǶһأûŵˮƽ˱ɺѩŰľ
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񶫷ȴűûڻ
ʹ
ȫתϻ۶ȥҪס
ȻǹԿģ
Ԫһ棬ȥ
һѪ֣˱ʮס
ڼ֮󱻳泹ڻˡ
ҵıߺޱȵĵסһʦҵıˣ
飬㻹ûԼĴ
仰ʧ״̬ҷǣȻعˡ
ǰһĻ˭ó鲻ǳĶ֡
ҷһֱ³
ζû뵽Ǹеİѧ񾹱óף޷ǿ
СүǶ֣
Ȼ黹δȫܣҷѾʼ־塢ˡ
ϵŭͳһĿеŤˡ
Ϊţ׽Ϊͼ档
ȴ˳¡
ڶ˵ʵ̫ˣ
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Ȼ֪ԼûʤĿܣ滹Ƿǳš
Ͼ̫ǿˣиֲĹ
˶鲻ΪҶɱ֡
Ҳɱ㡣ƽͣȴ¶ħЦݡ
׿磬۽컪ֽţһȫ㣡
ң龪У˫ƾҪĻ
ҡҡͷһһƣȫɳȥ
ҪǸҷΪҺʦԲŹ㣡Ȼڿڿвˡ
ˤڵϵĶ顣
ȻСүȥ̫˶ˡ
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Ϊϣֱ˻ܣ
Ҷҡ
δȶ仰˵꣬һŽߵ컪ǰ
кηԸ컪ʵ
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ڳҽ£컪ܿվˡ
Ѷ鶪ȥؤƵطķԸ
ǣ컪һѽϵĶץͬʱųȻݡ
Ļ߷ߵ˻ҪǸô
ž
ұ죡컪˶һơ
鱻һȰƣݶҧѪˡ
裬ʵ̫ˣ
궫飬ڽɪɪҷ
ҺϷģ
ǣԲ𣡡ҷŵ״Ρ
Գģȴٿˡ
컪ϴƶʡвҵTVԽ컪һ䣬ͬʱָңңһС
һӽ컪ڷɳ
ӽ쿪ʼƽ컪ΪͷȷʵĹ
컪ϲл
Ž컪㿪ʼ绰¹
˶ˣҷҲˡ
ڽ컪δҷȥʣҷ³ù
ܿͱһȽֵϡ
ڽĳƵƷƵĶطյ컪ƵʱѾƱˤ˸ϡã
Ҷ壬׵ܣұ㲻ú




1100¡
 

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൱ڳѽŲȵ϶ˣ
һ̿ʼطݵľġ
߳Ƶ꣬űʱ911ľȥ
ܿ죬ʱ911ͣһƬɫ԰֮ǰ
岻ľ̼壬ټ԰ÿۡһһ߶ӡʷĺۼ
ϵԹžǸ֮أÿս֮ʱ϶Ϊӵ
Ϊ̼壬սһ⣬ȴսʵɼһ㡣
ط˳ֻׯ԰֮ڣһŵ佨ƻͨſһȺӶæŵƽʣȻҼٰϲ¡
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ÿһμȢüˣҲĴͳˡ
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ִɷһһƶȣȴȴȢüţıжôǿӲ
ٰϲ£ȴҪΪ¶ɢطȻǺò
үſڵӶǿطæͷޱȵʺ
طޱȥһ·Сˮ¥̨鿣ÿһۡ
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һӶҲѹѵⲻܹ۵ģúøɻɣ
ŮӶ͡
ط߽ãֻ׶濴Ӷ£ʱʱָһĳЩŶֻλðڷš
𿴶󸹱㡢ɫ鸡ƺΪɫۡ
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ʮǰҵڻѧùϵʮǰʲô
ʱǰʮĵĴѧǼ䱦˲ţڱô֡
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ζ֮󣬸ǾǿɡУҵþһ̨ס
Ҫ֪µּ̼壬Ϊ㣬ļҲڶ̶̼ʮڰܹ⡣
νɽסؽɽѣ
üҵһ¥Ȼ̽üߵۡ
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Сӽгط˵һ顣
书ϡӵ֡ƶʡʲȫϴʱǶٺãҲ̲סŭӰҶң
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ط֮ǰھƵѾйһŭʱ򾲣֣СӲôöԸ
ϼţɽûϼŵһ¡
Ĺ˾ǶҵԶԶ޷ȡ
֮ǰĵ飬ʮ꣬ͳΪƶʡͷϼ֮⣬ʡ塢Լ컪ֳУڳ
֪ǿ𾪵Ըˡ
Ƕط˵ʱɫȴǳƽ
ȻıǷǳ˲
طֻЩ»˵ĲöԸɣһ˿м
ƶʡЩ壬޷ۡ
ڶˣϵԹžƶʪ֮أʷϴûлԻ͹ҲͿŽִΪ÷۵̿ɱȽϲԶˡ
ǵģס
ط΢΢ͷ
ھǱߵ棬ιֲӵ̹ܽ٣㽻ǳñλֽʶϸ¾½̳˱ɱֽΪƽġ




1101¡
 

һе㶯ˡ
ӾǺηʥ
ԺռҲ²ƾºһԵ̹ܽ٣ֶֽܻ֧֡طĻҲЩأ֣ʵȷʵһ㣬Ҵȥƶʡᣬº
ߣСʱǲ٣ܺҶȣƶʡǱּֽۣ֧߳ô̤㽭һֽһҲסһ
طԸ׵Ļͬ
ǶỊ̇Լڽϵۺȷʵǳɱȵġ
ֽ˶ҶҪ֡
ο񻹲̹ܽ٣ǿʵúܡ
طȻڳУСѵйıСӵ书ˮƽ
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ȻҲֻǼһѡ
Ŀǰûе鵽͹йأڱΪĵһʦƶʡһʦҲڳΪСȦҲľʵϸ³ھǵʱͱЭĸ᳤йӴƺѡط侲˵һ㱳
Сͦడ΢΢죬书˫ޣһ裬ѵǰһϣ
ӦþСԭ򡣡طͻȻתΪʾ֣Ҫ뽭ά־ֳˣ
طϴ绰֣Снά־ֱƵģ³ֱó֣
ͽά־ֵľֳ鲻ǳڽϷ־ֵıƾͨĹϵŪġ
ȻֻǹҸƽʱΪϷ־ְЧ
֣֮ǰѾͳ˵־ƶ־Ǳߵľֳл󣬿סƺлûֵĻ
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ʲôСҶ֣绰Ȳַŭ֣ģһѳǼ壬Գͷ
֣Һ磬鷳֮ǰѳлǶл
ͳͨ绰ֿ򶫷ط
طҼǵʦƶʡ绰ʦԸԸָ𡣡
طͷͨѶ¼ҵʦĺ롣
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ʲô£˵ɡԪܲκƺȫûѶطݷ
طȴһ㲻öûУԾɴ𾴵˵ʦҵܵܶ鱻һַϵ书ƶʡĳ֡
ʲô˭˴󵨣ϵԪͽܣ
ʦƶʡ˵֣СӺųƻѧĵһˣͬʱ
ǹˣ绰ͷԪ־ŭѧĸ֣Ķ֣
ʦҲҵôģѱϣϣܳΪ𡣡ط޺޶
Ԫȴ̾˿ԷǹˣҲ֣ܳѧԺĹء
ʦѵС֣ܾ𣿡طǳš
ûϵԪȻͽܱ
ҴѧԺǸҽ磬һһʱȡԪ˵͹Ҷ˵绰
Ͷطһۡ
йĹأȻʦӦΪҶһ¡Ȼڽϵλǳߣ˵Ȩ졣
ȴҶԪֳһ˿
Ԫܹ߶Ļ൱ڸǶ屣סһ档
֪鱻˴ϣ֣嶼Ҫɨأ
طά־Ǳ߲һ˳س׼ȥϵһɽλʦɡ
˵ʦطɫ͵һ䡣




1102¡ٵ͵
 

ɽʦ
ŶڽһȦ˵ʵûô
ʦǽϵĵһʦ
Ƕطȴӳֹһ˵ʦΪô
׽ȦЩνĴʦˣһεġ
۰ԽϵĶ壬ҪΪʦ
ʦǶԨԴһ¡
峯ʱڣǶҾӪ֯⣬¢ϴϵشķ֯ҵʵ۶յ㶫Ϊһ֯ǼۺҲ⵽ĳЩʿ졣
֮£޷ǲ·أвֵͷɼ߶Ǯм󡣡
Ƕ˱ϵΪߵа޶ϣ⵽𣬾ʦ֣ɱλаޣǼ
ǼǮΪسлʦÿ궼˵ɽʦάùϵ
֣ǰֻ֪ʦǶйû뵽ԨԴط̾˵ͬʱ¶ڴ֮ɫ˵ʦаϵΪˣ
²ֹ˶һۣ¶һĨЦ⣬ʦ̫үүʱѾˡ
ط΢΢ſͣʦ𺳵ˡ
˵䵱ɽɽʦ210꣬Īʦܱøòɣ
طȥʦʱ򣬼סһҪĳ⣬Ļη
֣ˡطͷ
ϵȲҪү˵͸³ܲˡ
áطٴδӦ뵽ʲô֣Ļ磬Ҫճٰ𣿡
Ȼ磬յĴﶼףأ֪ҶΪ˶ԸƶʡһСӣ綼ˣʱȡĻЦ˵仰ԳΪĴƺɡ
طΪ׵ķۣͷ˵öԣȥʦ

϶ŵƽʡϲʵѾɱڣͬһͷͻ
ƶʡߣߵС԰ᰡŮɳϽ̸
ϵ飬ϴƶʡʲҪԶĴٱˣǵ˵
˫Ҳһ˿ɫ
Ϊ˵ĴֳԶԶƶʡҿȵġ
ұйΪ̣˵屳йŴΪɽĻһ㶼е֡
ᰣҾȥһ˽ϡƽȴܾˡ
᰺Ůɫ
ܵܣϿǶĸóȻǰȥ֪Է׼˶ٸء۹еѵ
ҡҡͷ΢΢һЦҵȻûյ飬лǱߣһݶϣرǶı
ֳıǻĪƲױ˿֮ҪȥϵĻһҪСġᰵȻֳ֧ġ
ǳϾ׿ͽ컪϶ҪȥҶطˡ
ûȶطǰƶʡǾǰϣΪټ͵ˣ
ǲʵ̬ȰڳЩ廹
ԳУĿľ𶯣ûյĴ嶼֪Ǻǵģ
Ժ񶫷طɶԸҪԼĽˣ
ᰣġ
δ˵꣬ͻȻ򿪣Ƴһ߽
ҳԱܰɣ
΢΢һ㵣ôͻȻ˱ܻ
ƳΣƽʱûЩ
Ǳģ˳ҲһݿƳЦߣóһâϡ
㣬ֺñ
Ƴһ仰ȴó΢΢üͷ
ֱԱܣô붼е㲻Ծ
ҳƽʱҲûᰶԱֳܱȤ
һЩѰʳϰߣԤʾż
Ҳ룬߹ȥסᰵһֻ֡
ôˣ׼һڱܣͻȻס֣ʱеΪ顣
ϾܲãȴСŮڳǰԱܣЩ˼
ᰵŶԱܵĿĲ׽ˡ
ᰵȷʵƳ˵ĺܱ䡣
ᰣûиоﲻʵ
仰һڣƳκۿóǹץᰵֳԶ˶еĿᰡ
ûиоĵط⼸ϲԱʳᰲԵĻشǲҵʲô⣿




1103¡ͻ
 

Ҽһ¡һסᰵ󣬸һ߿͸ͫ鿴ᰵ
һ֮£һľ档
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ҽʵҲǳ߳⼸춼ûзᰵ쳣֮
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ԭֻݾСŹ캮Ȼʱɢȫ
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֮£ڶһЩϢӴһ¡
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ȴȻоһɳǵıò
³ˣЩñԭ
ֻǾղŵĽӴȫ޷жϳʲô
εЩͱˡ
ȴʲô¶ûУһȫ״̬ɫҲܺûܵϮʧȥѪɫ
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ᰣڵĺɢˣʷ˷츲صı仯ʱҲʲôԭ򡣡
ұ᲻£Ƴεǵʵ
ҡҡͷʱʲô£ǾҳԭΪ
ҿԼԱ𣿡˵仰е졣
ʵ⼸һֱԣûκβʸУ
šᰵ˵ͷҸоеˣԷò
ԵĻǾͳ԰ɣһʲô⣬һʱҡ֣ص˵
ڳĲ²Уʳƺܹڵάº״̬
ͻȻֹͣԱʳпķ
һǣЩ̫ˣⲻˡ
ѹɻ󣬳Ƴ˵ƳΣ⼸ɣȱȥ֥ˡ
סƳסᰵ֣һϮûɵĵġ
صԼķ
аҽУѾȥ߸ʱ䡣
ʱȻûҹͣĿޣÿһʱ䡣
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⼸оԼҪͻˡ
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ͨʿҪȴֻ죬Ϊ͡аҽ䡷ޱȡ
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Ѿﵽڵľ磬ͻƵĲ㣬ҲСɼˡ
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ٺһЩĻҲҪʮϵʱ䣬ڵһͻƵڶ㡣
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֮У˱仯ǳͻƵļ
۱ҹҳģ״ֻ̬ĵ˳ȥ
ȻоԼͻƣ˿һ˿ӡ
Ϊںı仯ʼհ˼⡣
ӡаҽ䡷ϲѰزȴȫ޷ҵļء
һΪ£֪ƾԼҽܾܿȲλɽˡ
Ҳ֪ڶ棬˵ͻƵСɣᰵĲ飬ְܶա
˳ܿĳξ
һӳƮó·һλˡ
ԽԽŨ񣬰䶼ƣƮʥࡣ
ͻȻ֮䣬˫ۣٶȻصڡ
оڵˣͬʱ״̬ҲΪͻƶ۷塣
ڵĲı仯ǳԡ
ǰߣʵ಻Ǻܴ
ǵ˵Ĳһ̨׵
һĳһûһСС漴Ǹһ΢Ц
˵ƿظˡ
ڵĳԹĳǿߣߣѹš
֮󣬳յл󷢹Ķϣǿ貰˫˲ӹһĨ˵ĺâ




1104¡
 

лṩ鱨ʾȻϿֻҵ壬ʵȴжǿ֧֡
ϾĵɲǴġ
ڽϵ̽Ĵﶼ붫彻á
˴ζҵļٰĻ磬ͻԹǰȥףء
ǸӡǹЦ⡣
ʱлĵ绰ˡ
ά־ֵĳҴȥлǱҾܾˡлǵ˵ֺܻܿ˹ץ
л֣˵ô˹ˣһǰҡƽ
лʮ־죺Ҫȥϣά־ֵܲ϶ѹƵĻѡ
ҾҪöһҳ֣ϣ֪ҳ˭
仰Ļúźεɱ
лóƺ֮ǰһˣøӵšԵ
ֻʵܴı仯
ƺͻˣлϲʵ
㵹ͦ񡣡
죬һȥμӶĻ硣
ˣκҪлƶ־ֻ᲻֧
лͨ绰̸
ڶ죬һ춼ᰴһ
ȻǰϣǷĲλɽܲãһʱ۲ᰵĲ飬̽ʡ
ͻƵСɣҲ޷Щʲô
ͬʱƶʡĳϡ
ڽ컪Χأ޷߱ϵĶ顣
ʱͷ棬һۻĿΧֵؤ
硢һҵġһ߶һ߰޵ҧгݡ
ʱһʳˣͻȻߵǰ
鿴Ҳûˣ㿪ŭҹӲؤ
˿ˡ
仰öȫһȻӿֳ޾ϲ
ʦˣ鼤֣ұһġ
˵ˣѾȫ飬ʹѧԺܾ˵ƽȻžɽػ
ʦΪұ𣡡˫Ŀ죬ݶҧѪ
ҡҡͷѧԺأҲܶ׽ĸֳ֣ԺָܻʵԼȥҳ𡣡
ʦǡ黰δ˵꣬Ѿ˱
˾Ƕط֮ǰϵԪ
㶫ҵΪ㱨£ܿͻᴫϢˣ߰ɡ
ȫзϵͽ֮Ԫޱȥ
û߳װΧסˡ
⼸װǽ컪ˡ
˭Ҵ߶飿һװʵ
ԪҴ仰̤һԪȡ
װסԪԪһ䣬ӰѾٿˡ
컪֮£ĴֻԪѾߵ׵һֵϣһ룬ԪͶӰڽֽǴʧ
챨滪磡
컪յµĻ㱨ٴУ绰
컪˵һλظִ߶顢һ仰΢΢üͷ
Ԫѵһλߣ
ƶʡ붫صĹߣȻһܴв
ΪŪԪ˭ͨ˻ʸĵ绰롣
а۴ˣкηԸʸһĹ
ֱ˵ʵ֪֪Ԫ˺Ͷʲôϵ
ǻʸҵĵϸ֪Ԫһλ֣ҲǶСүʦԪڹʲôݣ򲻵ö֪ʸʵش
΢в죺ʸ裬ǹŴڽڵĵӣҲ֪Ԫ𣿡
ܱǸа۴ˣظ֣ǽҲ޷һһ˽⡣ʸǸȻԪʲôͻ𣿡
ǶͶطңҪϣǻʸ֮ǰĵ鷢Ұɡ
ǣа۴ˡ
ǸԪ˵̤磬ͻұѵΪǹĳֹأԪ޷ֱԸңԼʡ
ʸϹϾĻشЩɹ涨˲ö֣ɲ٣֮ǰҸĹѧԺҲǡ
Ŷˡ΢Ĳ١
ȻԪ޷𣬳ҲͲλĹ֡
ͻʸͨ绰һ׼֮󣬳ǰԽʡķɻ




1105¡˫
 

ȥʮ·ݵʱ򣬳ȥԽʡһΡ
һγŰ༶УȥμԽʡʯʦ֮ս
Ҳһս֮󣬳Ϊѧµһ
ʦ֮սѧУ˽ֵ
Ƕڽϵĸ˵΢ˡ
ʱûΪʦ֮սԳ
˴ȥԽʡУеǲʩɡ
ŴǧʷĻΧС
ˮڶļȣеľʵǿ
Ϊ۾ŽĴеĶҺŷҡ
⻹дССҵ
ȻвԽʡʡᣬھȴѹʡһͷ
Сʱ֮󣬳л
·ɻע⵽ÿ͵Ŀ۶
⡣
ЩÿʵʶֻǱϵסˡ
ڳаҽɷϳһɺɵĳ֮
ֻǰߵﶼʮעĿ
ûʵĻ˵ͱ϶ˡ
Ǵ˴γҶңģԼϢ
ںܶÿУһǲһλ½СɵĴ
߽ʱ򣬻һ˽˷ɻҲˡ
ܴ˽˷ɻл䣬˵˿͵ݿ϶ͬѰ
˽˷ɻĻŴ򿪺ŹʵŮ
ЩŮ϶¶Ÿ֮һǸ
ϳϷװӣ»ᾪ̾
Ůÿ˵·ȫֵʮϡ
ЩпŮ֪˻Ϊʲôϡ
һŮʮע⡣
ŮһϮɫȹŴ󷽣һ̫۾¶̵ͦǺˮĺ촽˪ѩ޶ˡ
ȻΪ̫۾ڵŮ۾ÿͶŮ϶һλŮ
Ů»֮ȥ
˫㣬˵쵽ˣǾһ°ɣ̫۾ŮԱߵһѯʽĿڡ
̫۾ŮԶݵĹϵ˳ƺΪ㡣
̫۾Ůȫ˫ǽϵľʢļ弧ҵĶС㡣
ҲԽʡڽϵһʡʡ˼˫Ŵ˽˷ɻ
⼸ٺͰ׸ҲʡǱȨӵܣͼϵ
˴ǴμӶĻ硣
˫ƺЩ䣬ѯʣֻ΢΢ͷҪںҸλ
˫ͻȻԶһסˡ
˳ɵʣһ۸ڶļ˫̲ס࿴ۣ¶֮ɫ
ͼ˫ѵע⵽ˣҲ˳ż˫Ŀ⿴ȥ
ס˫ǳ
˫㣬ôˣԵʵ
ȻʺرҲȣòڽϵ˫עӰɣ
˫ûлشĻڼͬи֮£ʮ׵ˮ߸Ьȥ
٣ǣһرʵ
ʼ磺˫ʶǸһȥ
ٺͰ׸ֻø߹ȥ
Ȼ˵ǿɲΪǸʸͼ˫ֽ϶Ůʶ
ǶǽʡǱһ߼ĸ˵۹׼һ۾Ϳȫһεġ
׼߳ȴӭ߹һŮ
Ůʮ׵ĸ߸ЬҪѹͷ
ûκѹŮöˡ
λ˧磬ãʶһ¡˫ˮĺ촽΢Ц
罭ˮɤӣó΢΢һ㵡
λŮѰĺ
óӲǣнɫĴŮȻڨ
ʲôЦ
ɲΪԼ˧öŮڨĵزûԼ
Źǣ˫Ļȫˡ
üҶС㣬нϵһŮ֮Ƶļ˫Ȼڨһ
ΪԼ˻
Ȼ˫ȫûһ㿪Ц׽Ū˼
Ϊ˱ʾ⣬Ѵ̫۾ժ
ڳǰģһž欵
üԶɽ죬һЦ縡ٲǳȻ˶ġ
۵ĺʲͬ˫нŮģִż⡣
Ůƺһﶼ̫ġ
ƮУ׷Ů˵ĻԸ޷ץסġ




1106¡ڨ
 

ʶĶŮˣоȫ͸˫Ů
Ϊ˫ȥʲô¶ģźΪʲôزʶĴŮڨ
ȻɲῴŮ߲·ſȥ䵭˵ûȤʶ㡣
仰ü˫΢΢һ㵣˸Ƿǳš
һŮڨȻ䵭ܾˣ
˫ΪǿǸӿˡ
ľܾͼУеװ
ǼϲŮӣ˵Ǹܹݵ
Ȼ˫׷ȥ˧磬һ¡
ͣ½Ų΢΢ü˽ߵĴŮһۣû˵
˫ҧ촽δ̫˰ɣ
ǵһڨһȻԷ˦ɫ
ͨˣ˫ˡ
˧磬ҾһֺϤϢ˫Ȼ˵
еĪ
ĴԲˡ
绪ڽϵļ˫ڨҲˣȻôĴڨ
˫仰ͺڨŮʱ˵Ǻһ
ʮǰĴڨ
ԽԽϹ˫ݼҲóȻȥΪʲô
еӹһĨɻ
ѵ˫óתŵ
ܿҡҡͷ˫ƯҲֻһͨˣܿķǷ֮
Ǽ˫ͣ½ŲΪϷԴֵҽܵҽм˫ʡҼҵĶС㣬˧մ
˵ţ֣ͳ֡
û֣ǵճ¡
ľٶУͲеװװ̫ˣ
϶ٶ٣ζͼ˫һ֣СӾȻмһˣ
Ǿȵǣƽܸ߰ļ˫ȻһҲֻԴεջ֡
˰ɣԽʡ𣿡˫һ߸ϳһʵ
ĻشȻܼ̣ȥҡ
ôɣҲȥң˫иһ˿ʣҲȥףصģ˳·һȥɣ
תͷ˼˫һۡ
ԡ
شü˫ˡ
ǿɲӦ
Ͼһϵεһȥμӻ磬ǾǵǵĵΡ
˫㣬ⲻ̫ʰɣл˵λʸ񱻶롱
ұ졣˫ʶӣάˡ
ǶǱߣôᶫɾ͵ˣٻȥ߶ٵĻСѵ
˫ϸü΢΢һ
Ͷطһǽʢſ
һֱŶطûн飬Ϊ˫
ڽῴطͼ˫赺ϵһԣҪߵһġ
˫ûб̬֮ȴѴϱ
ҲΪط˼˫ٲŲҶԼ˫չ׷
˻ʸλ٣˭ҺͶطԿ
ƫƫʸһλɫĴ٣ǾͰ˼˫ֻܺͶطߵһ
һĸٸ䲻ϼ˫
ڼ˫μӶĻ磬ȴڻһһҪǱӻĶ𩿴Ļɾʹˣ
ڼĵλȻȲ϶طͶ飬棬ɲκһ߼Ĵٲ
尲ŶӼ˫ǶԼ˫أͬʱҲǶط⡣
棬ò˵ġ
Ҽ˫ĸطûȨܡ˫ָ˸̬Ȼͳ߳
һۣҡͷҹɲ̫ƽˡ
߳濪һӳֿϣһ˹˹
ˣֿһ˾
˹˹һλŵװ꣬ϴ΢Цǿ˫һİվһɫʱе㽩Ӳ
Ƕ̫̫ĶӶ𩡣
˫ȼ𩶼ʶ
Ϊطϼ˫ԭμӻļΪ˱ӣͼ˫־룬
ȴͼ˫վô׽һǶ𩲻ʶˣöá
ǿ˫ЦС㣬иλүӭǶҲμӻ磬ϳɡ
һ䣬Ϊ˫˹˹ʻĳš
Ǹ˫Ŵֻ˹˹ȫֿϽγ




1107¡ۻ
 

Ǽ˫ֻԶ΢΢ͷȴԳ˵һɡ
˶һۣҪ˹˹
жӵ԰͵Ҵſڣòˡ
̰ѳС㣬λѣ
û˫ǻдһ˿˵ҳҲμӶģһȥʲô⣿
⡭һ¡
´˳һ顣
ǶԳȫûӡ
Ȼ˫˵ˣֻѹ²ɣѳǰμӻĶ
Ͼμ춫ĴԹ̫ˣĺȫء
һЩŲϺŵСӵܣȥǡ
С㣬ϳɡ
Ѷ𩣬ʵǼ˫ʶģѾ˹˹ļʻλ
ͼ˫ںϡ
˫̽һ³ļһͱĿ񣬼˫ſ촽ֻ㬵ıϡ
ͬʱ˳һۣôһҲΪɫ˹ˡ
Ȼ˫ɲǹ⹴ȷʵԳϵϢϤ
ֻ漰ǼҵĳЩ˫һٺͳһġ
˫ȴĶͨӾ׽ˡ
Ȼֻۻϼ˫һΣ˫ĵһӡǸ䱹һ鶼ģ˵ĸˡ
˼˫öķǳɻ
С㣬ҴҸ˵ǸкҪȥˣŻ޷ӻ𩲻ɫĿڵ
˫ֻӦһ䣺ûϵ
Ƥ΢΢һ
ط⼸첻ڼѾǰյϢ
ͨʸǱߵ鱨֪طȥɽƺȥĳλˡ
С㣬ǻ磬˽ҴصҾٰһ˾ۻᣬһȦĶдμӻμӣϣСÿġ˵
˫Ҳûзԡ
ۻᣬǸǻύչġ
˫ҲΪһ棬Ȼľۻᡣ
ֻΪ;ص¼˫ԽľۻеĲˡ
𩿴ºӾһֱĿһʾҲûУһ
ֲ֪ĸСĶܲμӽľۻĪҺͻ
лֺҲͰˣȻڳ˯ֱ̫ûйͥĽˣ
ͬʱҲܲ⣬˫Ϊʲôѡ
Сʱ˹˹ֿϽγĲҹǡ
Ѿͣһŵĺʲôµϱ۱洦ɼ
ӭһĿ񻶡
ֿϳǣŲҹǵĵƺ̣һ˷ڴ
ܿ죬˹˹ֿϽγͣڲҹһߵĻ
߶˻ʮֱ£ȥȫǹŵ԰ֵķֻſվһԸеŮɣʶﲢ˷֮ء
С㣬λү롣𩵱ͷ߶˻ȥ
鿣
Ϊ춫طŻԳŵ϶š
Ҳ֪ʵѾǰ
󣬳ĿȻʮϯһŮ
еĶȫˡ
лвٶӵܣϾÿһȢüţ˺ܶүС㡣
һϯĿȫſڴ
ЩһۿĲǶ𩣬ȫΪ˫ľޡ
ϯһЩòϼѵİ׸ԭ˵˫ԽϵһŮţȫǲġ
ǿ֮Щ׸뼧˫Ƚϵ˼׵ķˡ
ֻǼ˫߻վһ޸֮ɵʮֵĺ档
˭ĸĹӸ磿
û˿ѯʳݣȻԼĸ̬߰
Ŵᶫ϶ܳ
𩾶ֱȥ
Ѿ˼ʸ߹ĹӸͰ׸
С㣬Ը˫ӣȻһơ
˫£ȹǣ󷽵ȥ
ϼӸĿ΢΢һ
̾ϵһŮȻ鴫
طֶȸ˵λүǵǱ
˶û飬ǺԼûʸ
ź˵λ󣬶ȴ˳߶Լ˫ܵС㣬λǽʮ󸻺ܵĹƵԡ٣ֱλǽϴҵͷͯҴүͯտͯԱߡ
ȵȣû˫ûȤүС㣬Ȥǳ
С㣬ۻᣬλãɲ˭ġ
ղŶһܵĴƵԿڣͬʱмƳ˳һۡ




1108¡һϷ
 

ԭĸǣΪʲôүͼ˫һ
ǿԳ䵭̬ȣԼϵ֮Ƶ˵Ļ˲ȷϳļô
֮ǰܺݵĸǣ˿϶תΪֻ֮ɫ
кϷˣ
ƵԵĿڣҲ˵ˣС㣬λѾյλʣλӣһǽϵͷеĶģһǽϻͷҴСӽɵλӣżС㲻λ٣ʸǶ˵λӰɣ
һȫһƬ۷׷ס
ֲ׵λһֱţԭϵͷжġ
ǰ㽭ϵ֮ƵԶҪһͷ
ϵͷּңȨ죬֮ɫ䡣
ϾϿʡݣͳʡݵ磬ɼּҵжôֲ
˵ֻּڽĴ֮£ԳƵǵͷ
ڼλ͵Ķ𩣬Ҫóλ衡
ڽҴС㣬ͷҲС
ӽʮ꣬ƹż弸ʮڵʲ˵һ֮ŮΪ
ӽɵòһŮģҲͱȼ˫΢ѷɫ
˫ӽɣΪϵ飬ǽŮͻĴ
衣ӽɵλӣиһ治ˡ
˵ⲻ֪ĸС
ʱ˫˶ݵĳĬ
֪ǳˣҲ֪ʵʲôΡ
衡ӽɵļŵģڽϵһĶ
Ǽ˫衻ӽɵĻǾǺ˳ˡ
٣ǱǸλӡ𩳯ŲԶһλָָ
ϣƵԡͯտȶ϶ּм֮ɫ
׸Ҳ΢΢
Уһ
ǱߵλӲŷСүݡ
λϵĸǿеСˡ
ûôı£ͱӡ
ԼλЦΪ˫ĹϵͿˣҲԼＸ
٣ƺûԼĻе㲻ˡ
Ǵһ֪СӵܶڲƽǶ˶
ȻǵûĻƫƧλеȥ
ҪʲôиĽе
ǿǽͷ֮衵λӣ
ٸȥĻҪ£
׵λֻ
˵ǸλӣͬѰ·
꿪ʼ˺ְҵɱ̵ֽʱ衿ǹɱ˵һˡ
ֱգʮֵµѾʤ
衸Ÿ׺ɨ˽ʡĵ磬šС
Ŀֲֳһǣ
Ƕ嶼ǲȡּҺľٴ롣
٣㲻ҪˣŭûʸǸλӣ
ȻԶĻţֵס
ȫ𾪣
ƵԡͯտЩȫɴ۾ŵĿų
ҲǿĿɿڴ
˫֮жֲ֮ɫ
û뵽˴󵨣
漴˫ǹһĨȤζЦ⡣
ͻȻڴ˴󵨣衣չֳʲôֶλ̡
ճµģҹ𩳹׵ķŭˡ
ǵ衵ԼλӱһСɫˣɾͲýˡ
ɨȫһۣĿͣڶϣƽ˵λӣǸǶ档
仰ȫһȻ
ʵ̫ˣ
ľٶѾ衣ڻҪﶫ塣
Լ̫

ŭһȻſڽеСӺȥ
걣֮󣬶ֿ˫С㣬ð㣬ѣʵ̫֪ˣҲϣ
ûǸͽϳȥ˫һЦǿϣһ׼Ϸģ
𩱻˵ɫһ죬ǱϵһŮˣ
С㣬̫СҶңҲ̫߹Сˡ
𩻰дһĽ
һ䣬ſܽ˸ı
⼸ûܵߣóһ
߳һһŮеӢżᣬŮò·һλŴ
衡ӽɵˣ
Զһ˵Ŀȫϻ۶ȥ




1109¡λ
 

޳·ǸѾмָ׵ϡ
߹һϯӥǹ˵񿴵һԾĵͷȥ֮ӡ
һӽ̧°ͣ߹ֽ
٣С㣬ˣæӭȥֻɫЩΡ
衿𩣬ֻǵͷĿƹλϡ
ȻûΪ衵ĵκɫ仯
Ƶԡ˶ҡͷСӿ衻ˣ
٣ô£üͷȫɢһ⡣
ǸȻĽ͵СӲ֪ĸСģһñȥĻ磬СҲûʸμˣ
˵ţ˼һ
ǵܵǰץסļ첲Ҫš
Ȼһ룬ȫȻؼɳȥײΧϯϡ
ɺö˶˵ţ˿
һĻޱȡ
ţдһ˿죬٣Сƺͨİɣ
⣿𩾪ɲʵǶĸͷɹҵģ
𩣬ôһ޴ӵܣûлش𶫷ĻϷʵЦ⡣
٣㸸׻磬ϻȫصĴﶼףأĸͷʱң
衲óǶκһͷġ
Ϊϵͷ֮ӣҲûһ
㵽˭ĿĿɱ
ȻǰСλӣ衾Ͳˡ
ϣ΢΢̧Ƥͬλϵľ㣬ҽг

ȫһƬԻ
˶е죬ֺȫʶ
˫գȻԳַǳ档
ǳ׵ĳΪ˵̬ȣֱ
㡢ũTVǸ־ŭ
ũTV𣬺綫طĽTVһ飬嶼֪ˡ
ϵвٴ̸¡
ȻϸΪƶʡһСӲ塣
ԭǸ
ҺͽTV̨ǸˣȻǽˣ
˵ƶʡĽTVܲ˵ˣ
ˣ˰
һƬУΨм˫ûô档
óݿ϶ֹũTVϰô򵥡
ϵϢϢϢأ˫һʼͶ϶ݳ
Сӣ㾹Ƕĵ̣Ҷ벻֪֮󣬷ϲ
ΪΪˣ
ָнĿţм˵ѾǼĵ̣ǻ֪飬Ҳˡ
ǺǣΪƶʡǱߵͷ˲ΪǶĵ̣ܹ߾ߣ
𩲻ɵһЦ漴ͻȻء
Ҹ㣬߲
ŶҵҪô߲ȥһ˿ţϵɫûһ仯
Ҫ˵衺Ȼȵ٣СҵλӣҪúͲǶҳˡ
仰΢һ룬ͬ
衳ʡȥٹ
㲻ƶʡͷٿϵͷּҵĴ٣˼ֻҪָͷܰȫҵҪ٣ôţ𩲻ļ
ѾǸˡ
Ȼ衽ûдйҶ֪衱һλɱ˲գ۵ĸ֡
һͨˣͺһֻһ
иֲ֮ɫ·ȥ
ţʱ˫ͻȻڣ衣ҵѣ㲻ܶ
Ŷ㼧˫ýϵһŮǧңȻѣ衵һ¶ı顣
仰һֱĳһ
˫ǧң
ƺȽĴ̻Ҫ
ʵϼڽϵĵλȶҪߡ
ϯ̲סˣ٣ʵ˫źͳʶģ֮ǰҺͳ
衺Ͷһʲô
ȷʵּϺͼʽ顣
ֻǼ˫׽͸ȫ顣
֮ǰ˫ܾ˺ҵĺ
Щ˲²⼧˫ҴСӽɡ
ϾӽһֱñŶǽϵһܸŮʾ˫ֻпõĻƿ




1110¡һ
 

ҫ۵飬˫ӽһֱЩˮݵζ
òӽɱȲ˫
ۼȴȲҡ
˫˵ѣӽĲЦ
˫˫ץˣ
ȻҺһ˶ͽϵͷּҵѣⲻǻ
뵽ӽɲɫʵ˫Ҫվ̨ˣ
仰ü˫ɫ΢΢һ䣬͵һ
ҺҲݹϵҲǹϵǳеĺ飬Ҵ󲿷ֲҵǸӹң˵һپ١һ
˥䣬ôҲԲù
ղ˵˫ͳʶҪＧ˫Ʋϵ
ӽɵĻȴЩҪѼˮζˡ
˫ȻҲóڵӽɣעԴǣҺͳѣǼҪվ̨
ڲ˽ʵ֮ǰ˫ɲԼļͷ
ȻڽҲǴ壬ԶҺּҺڰֵĻԻᱻѹ
ӽһЦ˫ôŸҲԼ㲻
ʵ˫ͳһ㣬Ѿ㹻ˡ
ӽɵŽ˫ס
ȻҲǸվ̨ôС㣬СӵͲܲˡһ䡣
˫ô˵Ҳ綫طϵŮˣҪͷô̬Ҫˣ
һֱ֣ҲǸ˫һӡ
޹˼ɣԼָ֣˸Ѫɫĺâ
Ҳֻ֪ɱˣȻŵѪ
ȵȣ˫ٴοڡ
ȻóȻվ̨Ҳϣ
˫Ȱ˵䣬óʶҺּжֲʱ
ͻȻϵС㣬㲻˵ˣҾҳͷҲ顣
Ȼ֪˫ΪʲôҪһĸоϵһŮύĳֹԡ
˫˵΢΢һϣ˾Ȼܾİæ
ĸЦˡ
мҶСæ֪Ҹ̨£޴
ʵü˫æ˵Ǹ˵ܻ
ڳԾ·ˡ
ûܹͬʱﶫҺּҶ
ѽ˫Сôʶģ㽭ϵһŮҲгԱʱ򡣡ӽɳûЦһ䡣
˫һɴ಻˵ˡ
뿴жͣܰѽƽ
٣̫ݣСӵҴ磬һҪȥҴлЦ
֪鱻ϵ飬ǶļҳĿǰֻжͶط֪
ԡ衶ڶطǺصģطǽϵѹͷĶ١
˵仰ߵǰ
СӣҵλúԸǰɣ
Ҿ
ɱǣָѸ֮ؿץ䣡
һд󾢷磬ڳи
ǲ֪衵ֵʲô𣬵ۼ衺һץƣץϣܰ嶴
ǿȻƤû̧һ£ֻǿԼ֡
ĶȴĶס衵Ȼֱ۶ϡ
һʹǾ֮ɫ
ô޷ӳѣ
٣ŵĽе
ҲǺͶһľ졣
ưԽʡ磬ͷϴ֮ӡšС衣һסˣ
û˸š
Ǽ˫ԵΪ֪ʵ
ü˫ĵǶ衱ļ
ϵĳ壬ǸʵԿġ
ſң֪Ұ˭𣿽ϵͷָգ衰ӶѹϣʮǱĺ
һѳ޵˼㡣
Ϊڶ཭϶࣡
ղ㲻ҪҴλϹ𣿡ϵ衣Ц
ôûλӣ̧ˣ
Ҹ㣬ҲҴλվ
˵ţסƾһ£ֹͷı죬Ѫȫˡ
ֱۣϵ
Ŀĵĳ棬һȺķ
ֱӻȥˡ
ҷϵֱۣ군ˣ־ŭĺȵ
Ƴ˶طһۣмһöҵүֻźݻ
ӱ㣡𩱻һɫǺ죬װ°һ˦Ӻͳһֱǹǹ׼




1111¡ǰϦ
 

ΪӵܣǹǺ顣
𩽫ǹ׼Դǹľֻаײ
ʤȯգ¶ɫùǹ𣿡
˽ľ룬ڳĸýûˡ
Ҳǲֵ֪ĴڣĻȷʵӵ
ֻв׾룬ô㣿
ǹָҡ
ǳ˫˸űĹâ
ҿԸһǹĻᡣ
仰𩲻ɵõɴ۾
ǹȻһ㲻£һţǹ
Ͳһ֣ܹ̬ĵز
ˣ
飡
ԥĿˣӵǹڼֱֱ۾ȥ
գҲգһ۾ͫӵĵӰԽԽ
˶Ϊ޷ܡҪǹ֮µʱ
ͻȻ֮䣬һӵ̱ץС
ʲô
ɣ
ͽץӵ
̾
֣Ѿˡ
ŵǿڶǹľվԭء
𺧵Ŀ£վߵǰλүա
ȥ߶ط춫磬һȥһݴ񡣡
һ䣬͵ɳȥˤһϯȫͷ֪˶ٸ
Ȼ֣ö𩻹ʶ˵Ĺܡ
衣϶ɴʰȫ˵ˡ
ʵϵ֮ƵҲǷǳƵģղŻܿȴװ
־͸˵ˣ衶ҴôҵһλĿ֮
ɨȫһۣûٳɵʧҡҡͷ˫ָڱͥɢ߳
Զ֣ΪͲĶԽԽá
Чǿҡ
ʰ˶Ҳ㹻ˣŽ϶֪ĵ
ȵң˫Ÿ߸ЬҪȥ
վס˫㣬ӴĻһᱻ۵ģ
㶮ʲô˫һۣǺԥ߳ſڡ
ĳ׵Ļˡ
ӽζЦ
֪Ӽ˫ų߳ȥһ̿ʼҴӴٲ
ԶҺּҵϴйصһѴ֮
˫ȻϼҸվ̨жȴ˼ҿ϶ᱻ֮С
ƶʡһˣǰԵĳЩС۵
ܱȵùҺּң
Ѷҵү衴ҿˣ
һҿ˵ܻ죡
˵ȥɽõ˶ԸкϷˣ

衱ͽҽԺ𩱻̧ؼׯ԰
ƶһ˳˶衵Ϣͬ쫷ѸڽȦд˿
ϵĸоһ𼴽
ҹʮһ㣬ׯ԰
ɫڸϣǱ˷ŵĶ𩣬λǶҵĳ߲㡣
֣СӽҺٵġ𩽫ۻϵ˵һ顣
ߣ̫ʦεͷ֣̫ˣ
ȥѳСץɣһ߲ʵ
϶飬ϴ˶ƶʡĲҵǶ廹ûҳˣȴ򵽽ˣ
ǿ벻̣
ϡʱһ١ٶļ̤
ȻҲڱŭ״̬ûгʧȥ侲
СбǽȲż֡
Ӹλ꣬ʲôʱҪ̣ʲôʱһ
طʦٺͳúһˣ

ǰϡ˶飬𶯽ϣĳЩͳҲյϢ
ҹʮһ룬ǲֲӻء
Ÿ߼װһ߿Ųֱҹܣһ̸߽
ֽҪѽϵ춼ͱơǲ̹ܽģǵǣһЩ
ǱÿηɳƶҪһƣֽѵһ̾ϢֻǳȥǽϲǾǣٰţҲס
ֽѵڽϵȨƣǲǳ졣
ֽǺһЦ˴˱˴˰ˣļ壬ĵ̺̣Ǿ仰ȥĲǾǣұ޳Ī
ǳǱزڽˣϧ֮ɫ
ֽ˳Ĭһӣ̾һҴ绰ǱߵѰɡ




1112¡ҹ̸
 

˵ֽ׼ýǱߵĹϵ㲻ǰһ
ʵڽҲһЩ֪Լ޷˶壬ο˽ϵͷС
ֽͲһˣֽԴ绰ģǵʲô
ֽĪ붯λ棿кڴ
ĳЩ߼ĻܣΪ̹ܽٵ㣬ֻ֪һ۰צ
ֽĿĿһۣƶ죬µûڽλѣܾûгˡ
Ƕ廹нά־ֵĹϵλǷܱסԻ֪֮٣˻е㲻ȷ
죬㻹Сλֽ¶һĨζЦ⣬ȻԺ֣ԱСŵݹһֻ

ͬʱУ׷ҹǵļ˫ԽԽ죬ܿҪʧ֮ˣҧҧݣ·ߵĸٽһǸ̴ܳӦ
ļ˫ǿ׷ϳӰ
ͥɢʵߵ÷ǳ죬ܿһ羰ĺϡ
ɫ֮£ԡĿ
ǽϣɾ̲ס̾һ䡣
ʱһöתǽϵأɫ̫ССӳա
Ŷ̫ûлͷ֪˫һֱ
˫Цӯӯߵߣͺˮɫ
ɫȴ˫֡
λϵһŮ·ңں촽˸Ƿдһ˿룬ſڵǰԵſ񰡣СŮӺ
һλɫŮ֮⣬һϲˡ
ֻǵƳ˼˫һۣһǧ֮Ŀ˾ͻȥ˯ɡ
˫ʱסˡ
ǰݡŻڡԺյˣЩ߸˧ֺ֮£֮֮ȥ
ȴǵһȫӵˡ
Ȼ֪߰˫еӦ˳̬ȡ
ѵ㲻棬ΪʲôҪʶһֱ𣿡˫ɲľȥ׼Ķ࣬ú̽һ³ĵס
΢΢һЦȻ棬Ҳ֪ԭ򡣡
ֱڣԼ͸˫ŮˣԻǾ뼧˫Ӵ
˫öˡ
ÿһ仰죬֪ǳˣ˫϶ѳΪŮĵġֱС
ǼҺųǧңɲǴŶ϶Դ˸Ȥ˫һ˵һעı仯
ʼһƵ֮ɫü˫޷׽
سûпڻӦ߸ˣֻĿ̫ƺȫںɫ֮С
˫Ҳܳڲˣ˵˵ضʮϣ罪Ӯ¡ȡ
ǼվһϣЩȫִǧʷ
żԴУشռ嶼ʧʷ֮УǼΪʱִļ塣
üһʵȻǼҴǧ꣬ΪαȲĴ壿
˵˫֪ﹴȤˡ
λɫŮȻһЦʵúãĴң϶ֻĴУʷȷʵԶԶǼҡ
ִļ壬ƴǾʵ綫Ǿң̵ʹɴ˽ύԹ󣬻۴ԴۺǮöΪϾ뢡
Ǽһֱѭѵǧ͵£ռǡԡˮֱִžӪ⣬ȻǮϱȲĴ塣
Ҳ˵ǼҾģǹϷʵĻȡ
˫Щ仰Ǻ
׻᲻˵ģ
ȿȣǾǼֻģСǼˡ
˫һ˿أת̲ƺȻ
ǼҾҲ˵֪ϸĻҿǼ忴
˼ûȤҡҡͷֱӾܾˡ
˫ԼòޱţȻǵһη˼ƣȴû뵽;ܾˡ
ѵҪȥĻ磿˫ѹסһתһ
û̵ֻĻش֡
ǳ˵׾СǱáһ𣿡˫Լרҵơ
𿴼˫ѧ˼һ֮ܳˣͨס




1113¡Ǳ
 

ôˣ΢΢תͷߴӺɫƵ˫ž欵ϡ
λνǧҳĴŮʲô˵ǡ
ǱãΪ躹ʱδС˫٩٩̸ҿһǱδɹԳĿǰ»޷붫Կο˽ϵͷָյĶӡ
Ŷô˵Ѿ͸жˣͫһתס˫˫һۡ
˫Цɲ⣬ʩչ֮ҲԿ͸ض£һð϶δﵽǸΡ
˫仰ĬȻ
˫ΪĬĻȷˣ˵󹦳ˡʩǰƬ̫֮еĹ¡
귶踺أԼİʩ͸հԽнĹҲǽֵ͹λɷ򣬵̣ճɾʹ£ֵǺЧ¡
Ȱѧ͹𣿡
ǹЦ⣬ü˫ֲͬЦϷʵЦ
û
˫еȻ˿ȫϼᶨȻɫ
ʵصĴ£Ҫȥ˳Բڽϣһĵľ޴ʧˡ
˫ұΪɫΪ£û뵽ػ°仰ͬü˫ֲǼЦ͡
ɫա֣˫ӹһĨΣҧ촽Ҽ˫Ӳ֮£һ¡
Ѿ˵棬ȥɣ磬ұö徴ηҳ֮
ѱ˫̾һҹɫлһٻӰȻȥ

ڶ죬ϲ֮ա
ׯ԰ƣʡյĺͬ㿪ׯ԰ǡƶʡʡɽʡȫصĴԹ󶼸ףء
꣬Գɡ
˿ټׯ԰֮УѾһžϯʮɼ˴λ¡صεȵز
ַΪ¶쳡ڳ
ܽĶһĴ߽ϵ֮ƵֶټҲʸڳϯ
֮ϣһϲ˶ȴĳ
֪һЩڴλƶʡһ˵ĵźϷݡ
˫ڻһϯߣͬĶǽϵһݶӵļܡҵͷ
ƵԡͯտҲͼ˫һΪھֻǸͬһǸ̸ۣżͼ䡣
˵ƶʡһ˳ҪĻѰҿȡ衣ϯϣĳλк͵ҡͷԵ˵
һŰֺЩ긻һ˿Եõҿδء
ܣ֪кθ߼кܺϵʵ
Ϊܵûеһʱش𣬶ƵĶϵúյһڶڣȻ˹˵ضֻ֪ƶʡһˣȴ֪֮˴ͷ󱳾ж񡣡
ضϼλܻǣġ
ʵ֮ǰȸ֪ͷֻΪƶʡǱߵľ֮ܡ
ܺٺһЦǳǰӸعϰ塢ʴఢɭڻıλض֪ɣ
ܶ˵ͷҵ£ָơ
ݴɭǱŪȥεġܰӵ˵
⣬ɭܱƶʡͷ⵹
ɫ죬ȫš
УһȽϴĻͷӰˡ
ϵıԵˣƾһȻⲻɭټƶʡٷһ֣أ
λıһ档
ȻʮڼĳҲýϸʡһֳæ
˵λɱС˳ˡ˵껰΢αϣһȻصɫ
Ǹк͵ĹضȴˣйĹϵô۰ԽϣɱȣǹȨٸߣҲܰ쵽
⻰һܾеˣʵҲóֻǹŪһʶ
壬˵Ͼ֮ྫС׾ҪһԣʲôˣʱƵԴ
ϵ֮ӷУʮãǹǫĵƵֶ˵ЦˣڽϵһŮСǰƾף
˫޵Ļȴ˿ΪĽëȻ
С㣬ѵۣǶܾ㼧֮ͨ㵱Ϊǳһ԰ɣ




1114¡
 

һ˶˫˵֣ţǱá
˫㣬仰ʲô˼Իʵ
˫ȴýʲô
ʱֿŪһ֪ʶֶС˼˵ʵԺͶ忹⣬ʱ̡
ȻĶǽҵͷܺܲͬϾʱϲо׾֮ĻĵҹżҲΪʲôһЩ
仰һȻ
ԱߵϯͻȻһЦ˫㲻ϣҶѰ𰡡
˿ȥǽϻͷҵĴСӽɡ
Ȼӽɳ˫Ҳ
ӽһͬĴ˵˫ͳһ£ΧһƬ
˫һĹܡضɫʱе㲻ÿˣе㵣Լ᲻ᱻ˫۵
λܿҪҪȺͼ˫Ʋϵʱ̨ϵĻ˾˵ˣλ𾴵ļα缴ʼǹ̨
һҵ֮УʽĶһλȶطŮӵ̨
ĳǿż̨棬һǶĹʱ̣
ͻȻܽһˣŻææĽеˣˣǸˣİȫס
˵棬ȫһƬȻ
ԭЦʱޱȡ
⿴ȥ
ֻ̧һڹײģĿУݲȵ߽
飡
ײķ£͵һ
Ĵϲ֮գȴһڹײģǳƶˣ
ڹײģǳ˵Ҫ͸һݴ
˫Ĺܼſ񣬲ҡҡͷӵ̧׾ս󱻹նɱҪˣڻˡ
ôĵӣһѳؿڵĴ컨ȵ
Ƕ
ֱߵĹײģ͸Ӷط
ɷˣҶȡطһЦȻŭ˼㣬浱ҶʰһСɣ

³֣Ȼ˫֣Ȼ
Ƕȷʵûʰҳ͡
գֻȡطǶ֣һܲƽϡ
ϵıͼ̬ȫˡ
Ǵûĸˣڶĵôô
˹һ̤붫ׯ԰Ҫɱ˶ټطöҲ֣ܲ
ʵڿ޷졢һˣ
СӿٹлҶٲһλԼʮ˴ϯλվųŭ
Ƕ׵ܶϣڶ϶ƹżһСĲҵλֻڶ֮¡
ڳһЩܣҪԶ֡
ֻƳ˶һۣм˵˭ʲôʸ˵
˫ĿһɣЩᡣ
Сӡ
ܣ㲻øСճɣֻĵȴȻʢŭȴϳɳء
ϯﰵнճɾͣȻԶ˵ȡ
ϲ֮ձ̧ţ˳ȡ
ȷʵȫżֻҪᶫطʦǳ֮ա
ľϳ⡣
ҲҪȶطϾվԭأ붫һڶҸ߲Ķš
ԭϲĻ磬ͻȻýɱ
˶֪Ҫˣ
С㣬û㣬Ǳð΢΢һЦ仰е㰵˫֮׼
˫֪ҪŪˣ˳ĻҲ״ʦ֪ܷճΣ
ʦҵҿճǡܻ׾֡ȻԵõ˵
ض仰ʲô˼
ףǬԾŶˡ
ܵż׸ֵ棬Ū
ΪǱ¶âӲʵȴв㣻˽Ͼ뢣Ϊ಻ΪǱ߸ϵԸݸףӮһ
ܽ꣬ȴע⵽˫ˮĺ촽΢΢ȻĻܲм
С㣬˵ò𣿡
˵ܼɻ٣仰ȷʵ˫ݣֻǼһԣҪ򶫷峼Ҳν
һ۲ţüҵϣ㲻ܲ
˫ЦˣӼӣʯóǱΪϣģضйˡ




1115¡ԾԨ
 

йˣ
۹ܹضƵǣ֪ʲôˣܱȶȨƸߡ
ʱ߽װӡ
ƶά־лֳֳ֧лˡ
лţϯһ۷׷ס
ڳٶ˵άֵĴһݸٷ֮ϵزš
һλά־־ֳķС
Ȼȫûл
л֣ûֹ֣񻹸Ϊվӣҿά־־ֳλǲˣߵ
仰˶ˣлּڶ˵
ֻҪýά־ֵĹϵжлְλʲô¡
лɫ΢΢һ䣬Ǽᶨվڳ

л֣ԲġɫɣлΪվҪ
лû˵ľѾˡ
ǹܹ΢Ц˫ʵǼС˵Ĺˣ
˫ĬȻ
ϯϼ֮ܶһЦ
ͶҰһƶά־־ֳȷʵ
ͻȻһ궯˲˽
ҶҶһۣҲιҾͲнָգڣǼƷ·ҪƵģŭ졣
ϵıȫһ
ϵͷУָˣ
ָֻĸ׳ڣŴëѪֺú
λƿؽʡĶУˡ
ָմһȺ½治ɫ
֣ѵͻɽҶһֻǶԸһСӣȴǵҵݡָյɫһ
Ͷǽ֪ԭ˽ϴָա
ѹûΪܹ߳ׯ԰ˡ
С㣬֪лܲܶסҡϴְż˫ˡ
ǧ괫УףˮƽҲˡ
Ͼ֮෭һ顣
˫ҲܣҧҧͻȻվȥ
ָգҪԸǼң
˫һ仰ȫ
ϵһŮҴС㣬Ȼվ̨
֪ܺܶ˫ͳߵúܽ
ڳȥǲż˫Ȼվֳ֧
˫ֶŮ⣿ŭ
Ϊֻм˫ӶطҺͶҹϵҲһֱá
ڼ˫ȴվ̨ҪҾˣ
ҵĻ˵úˡ˫ߵߣ̬ȾȻ
ãϣǼҲҪڣС
Ȼѡ붫Ҿѣһ𶫷ͽ֮С
ǲҡҡͷҵôܺͽأ
֪ܵĻ˵ûݲĴĿ־֮
ұ㣬ҺܿҲᱻǣȥ
˫㼧ҳ棬ҺͶǰסָղмЦеŭԽԽ
ټһʸأ
ͻȻ֮䣬һ׹⴫
˾֮£⿴ȥ֮䣬˾Ŀɿڴ
ʸۣôˣһ¶𾪵ı顣
ָеŭҲȫתΪŵɫ
ǻʸĴʸۣ
󣬻ʮ߲㡣
ʸġټʸ裬ȫˡ
ǻʸϹŶָҪϸһʸܲʸ֮䣬԰Եϡ
סˣָסˣ˶סˡ
ôõȻнĴ֮һʸı
һᣬ˿ֲϯϣŴȾ̾
˫̲סֱĿ
ԭ
лʸȷʵԲ嶫ˡ
ǲܵһعһԹ̬ϻʸ壬ƾаˡ
л󣫼˫ңʸ壬϶士ϴָգ忪ľ档
һ˵ԸżͶʸ壬ⱻϴ
λܣˡָ㽭ɽ˵
ضʵô˵
ǬԵسԾԨҡͷԵ׾Դǣ˫ƾУʱơ֪ˣƽ׾֣ͬԾգǱԨʶʱΪܰ
ʸۻûʺѾѸжƣϵ谮ĶӣʸۣҪ汣




1116¡
 

ûǶҶһëһʸǲݣʸ۰װȻ
ȻǶĵ̣ʸ۵ǹ̨ϵĶ
ʸͦȻҲΪʸ˵ݡ
ߣҴˮˮʸΪһСӣҪǶ忪սδֵ̫ˣ
û뵽ʸôǿӲΪҲȴ벽
Ϊĳ棬ƾ𣿻ʸۣһΪ˳սԻĪ
ҿϣԲͳˣͿСʶʶʱˣ
궫ⷬ˶ʮ־档
ҽ쾹ȻԸŹ
ͨ˿⣬һЩĵĴȴǿóΪϳɳصı֡
νɴ߲Сڣ춫忴Ʊ棬ֻ˺һΪվ̨ʧȥãպʸۡ˫Щܲʱʱڳߡ
ȻǳҲھͿûԾԨˣܵĻùضǵȫۼڳϡ
˫ҲȰʱͣսΪţضк֡
ȻȴΪʸ̣
Ŷѵ𣿡г
ó뵽ʲô
λֽ붼룬Բ
ֽˣҲкӦ
ԴǶİ򡣡ҡҡͷ
ԣһЦʼգԴĶ㣡
һ䣬߽ʮװġ
һ˷òãƱˣһǴ쵼
֣ˣˣչնЦͬʱ۽ⲻмƳ˳һۡ
ŶĻĿ۵ϡ
֣
ѵǽά־λֳ

ֶˣ˰¶ռѹˣ
˵⻰˲ǿʡ
ݵλڽϿһһĴڣƹܽʡʿݽϹٷ֮ϵʵȨ
֮ȣлĵλͰһˣ˵ܿó
д˵ʵѾԱΪСܾˡ
ϻάֳܾĴλ
ֵ֣ͦɨȫһۣȻĿлϣл֣лˣ
ֳ֧ġȻлǰη׻ȥˡ
ߣغһλϣл֣ȻΪףչұܾǱ㽵ϳͣ
󣬳ʸۿȥʸû뵽Ҳųϧˡ
ʸۿʱɫ΢ı仯
Ϊϰ֮һٽά־ֵء
Ϸ־ڱʿʤвӻʸĹ֣ʵνɲ⡣
ֻһۣʸ۱㿴ʮˣԶǽά־ĸ֡
˿̣ʸ۶ȷǷܶԸô֡
ʸûлӦĿ
ǳ
ٳĸһǱ
ʸȽϰύˡ
ĻޣһһȫŴ̡
Ȼһ֪㲻ֹǳҽʦˣǳ̹ܽ٣λֽмӡ
ڳȫˡ
ǰλʮôǿ󱳾
ϧ
ͻȻһת̾Ϣʵмҡҡͷ
ϧͣҽϷ־ʵ̫ˣ
仰ö΢΢һЦʦ־Ͱѳʰˡ
ֻǵ˳ĸһۣɫɺƽ
˶Ϊֳסˡ
˫ƾУΪּ붫ߣʤƽб
޴ͶһޡͻȻϷʵЦ⣬ǾǴҵ̡
㻹ʲộҸ㣬ֽ½ϱ㣬һܽ£ȣŭ
ôĹ
ͻȻ֮䣬һ羪װڴſڴը
ѳһȫȥ
ɫ䡣
ŵĿſڣһоŭȫΪЦ
ôˣ
ֻſһλޱȵߣڼŸ߼װӵĲ£߽
λߣܺݺݵһԼĴ⡣
ô
С˵ԭ˵λˣ
ԭΪֻǱãû뵽Ϊӳ棬ԭѷ˰




1117¡л
 

Ǿ̾ǲ
ԼϵվǱ˫ȥˡ
ĳﻹֻһǱķ
ʵ˫㲻ġ
ֻߵǰԳ֣ͰЦŴϷ֯ϷֲӢ
֣֯üһ˿ɻ
û֯лҲû˵
ֽû˵ص֯ǷɽɣӢƽͣȴżԺУɼ䵱ɡ
΢΢ҡͷǲ֪֯ʲôʣǰһʫУǷɽʡ
ǷɽƳġȫʫΪ
ʱºʱأﳤδ
ʹǷɽڣ̺ɽ
ǷɽԭָཫϮǵ׳٣ʱһλȥϷǻȥĺˡӢĵĽ͵
֯ʣϷ򲻱˵Ϸ֯ΪǷɽġ
Ӣ˵仰ýԾ
ж֯˽ĳҲ˵𾪵ġ
Ȩơʷλ֯һֱҪάָ߰ͷ
Ӣ֯еԪȻֻƹֲܷǵ¸أȵĴ
ճӦӢΪǷɽĻ֪ԼҲκβ˳ˣ
Ϊ˱ƣһһԾΪλ
Ƿɽĸ֣ʵ̫̫ˣ
Ȼû˵֯ɫأҲŲµõ֯ͻӢĵλжߡ
ŷôܡ
ͼֹ֯ȴӢȶϣϷ죡
Ӣɫ̽ıͣ粻
˶ΪԥӦӢʱȴ΢΢һЦлΪҳ棬ûŪ֮֯ǰҲӦǡ
ʲô˶仰𾪵ˡ
óֳĻηȻܾΪǷɽ
̫֪ôˡ
Ӣƺϵ̴Ӧôѱĸˣ˲ż
Կһ£֯ʱػӭ롣
˵ͷ
ӢֿԴˡ
⡭ˡ޷Ӧ˵
ȻӢȨѹһͷע⵽Ӣˣûɵĸ֡
ӢԼѸߣʵ˥òһɡ
ټϳܾ֯ҲͲڱ˳ǾΪͷ
ǶԻӢͳЭõκκô
λԽԽߣҲԽԽˡӢ仰ѵˡ
Ҳ֪ңҪɱ˶ĴӶطάְֵ𣬾Ҫֹʿֳûк˰벽
ǲûᣬֻ⼸Ϊʵ̫ˣ
ϸڣںʡɱôҽʱʡʮҽҸڲƽ£Ҳάֳѹġ
ˡֱԣΣնȼߵʿǻǼΣ
˵꣬Ŀ⿴Ӣϵӡ
ù֮ʩѹλ
ӢһɱЩҽôˣϷ򲻵óκĵطҪ˵һɱúã
֯Գ֮
ͨ뾭ѵ飬֪֯ٴˡ
Ӣ仰ȫĿɿڴ
˼룬Żع
֪ǷɽϽӢĻһⶼûС
ֻǻӢҪ̬̫ˣ֪޺ƽڵĿԣ˵Ȼ˵ͲҪҳˣս߿Ǵʮڱ֣лߣӦʵͻҾôֵɱط
ߣӢüͷ΢΢һ塣
ǾνߣǾĿǰĳԶԸּ
ʲôǳߣ˶±Ƶġ
ͻӢĶԻԽԽˡ
òԹɫĴóͶʤ
ΪĻ˵꣬Ӣ㲻֮ǰǿƣǲóνʤ㡣
˼˼¶ϤһеЦ⣬û뵽˱ĪⰡ
ܣô˵ض˶֪ľƻô仯
һӵģָһ㣬΢΢һЦǬسλϾţǱǿлڡ
շ죬ڵߵ㣬ʢת˥ӯɾҲܼˣŻ̨Ƴ֡




1118¡ʦ
 

Ȼչܵ󣬳Ӧü˲ƾ֣ضϽһ㶼κȴļ
ˣվ̫ʢˣҡҡͷǲÿлڵ½Ƿɽ棬Ҳס
ʵֻóӢλȳҪһͷ֯ʲôһҲ֪
ֻȫ𾪷㶵ʱڲװˡ
ڳ˶֪֯ǻǾó׶༪١
ӢһףŻԳ˵ӱʮ겻ûҪͶ嶷һʱ֮ϷȥǻأǺúһİɡ
˼һ׼ȶطƽĻӦ
ǶԷ󣬳ʵ֯ҲĿǰûдﵽǸΣòҪ嶯ͷӢ̬Ѿŵ÷ǳˡ
ΪֽһСʱͨž
֪ӢĻǺ⣬ǹ⿴ֻЦЦ˵
Ҿ˵ɣСӰˣ
һЦмһ
ʲô֪ɣ
ҲԣĲΣлݣûʸӴʡ
ɣνߣά¶ʿͳƣѧ֡ߡߣֻ置ʦͷʦʦǱߵߣЩӵгˣȫΪߡ
ճߵʵб׼㲻ֻ߶ѡ
սǻɱͬȼ˹һʤ
֪˹ǳϣ𣿡
˹ͳƵİʮߵУֻڵڶʮ
˵곬ߵĺ壬Ķס
Ƥ΢΢һȷʵе졣
˹ֶߣȻİٶҺܻܿһЩûͳơ
֮ڣһЩԼ֪ĻĴȫզࡣ
ôǿ˹Ķߣôߣʵǿֲֵز
Ӣɵ¶һ˿Ц
߳Уֻһû뵽˰ҲûϵȻߡ
ּ֯жŵϺˡ
ʧˡӢҡͷ
ô֪ԼǾ֮ˣųļҾ͸߹һΣʵ472еĵһλˡ
ٸ߹һ㣬ǿ̤ߵС
ˣҲԶԶڱߵĶ֣
ųĻվƺɫսꡣ
ɫĮ˫۵ɫѾȫˡ
˵ǳ׳˷˵ĲΣӷľ
λ߸ղǿںޱͷų˲·һ㡣
ֽʳĸ˿ֲȫĲ
û˾óߣһ˿ʤ㡣
˶óӲɵĻӦ֪־ˡ
ʱ˵ĻԽŻͷ뿪ׯ԰
ǻѱԿ³϶·һ
ɵ¡˫½ǣ̫գ뿪ǳ̲
߽ϵһŮϮȴǰѼ˫һ㡣
̧ѹȸʮߣԾɱ㹻ģȴط
Ȼڤ粻ǹЦ⡣
⡣
ֻҪطʦ߶߲ˡ
սšൽ˼ʱͷͻȻĳ
ʦ
ү
һ䣬ͻȻһıǵ紵˽
߽һλɫۡɷǵߡ
λһǳ˶о崺磬ࡣ
ĵõˣߵ׸ıǸطķˮųýӽǳ
ϵһţϹӶóλ϶Ǵ˵еĵõˣ
طĸں棬ܵڳ˵Ŀһ̣طоԼһ֮Уʱ̣
ΪѰ겻ʦˣ
Ǵ˵Уɽλʦ
źɰ
ϻʦ½ɣ
ݴʮǰɽ󺵣ʦʩֵģ
ô棿ô֪ϯĳ¶˼ɫ
ϻ㵱궼ûӶһ֪ĳλܺǳ




1119¡ɱа
 

ʦʸ趼֮ɫ
ҲʦĴ˵һȥʦ䣬֤ʦ˵
ΪڹŴﵱģҲˮƽ
ʱʦܾǸɣλɽϵĸԵĪ⡣
ʦݹ٣Ҷԣ˿ҵһڼ߲㣬ϹϾӭȥ
ɰãʦȥȻӢҪ࣬˵֮ʱȴ¶һڽ׵ݡ
ע⵽һϸڵıȫɴ۾
İˣͣݿ϶ˣʦȴһĪǷϻͯ˲ɣ
ʦʺ򣬶ܳЦݵʦӻҶ꣬Ҽһаã
˵ҧгݣߺ޵Ŀ˳һۡ
Ѿ˵ˡʦÿһ䶼档
λõĿͬ񾲵ĺƽ͵Ĵ˳һ
ʦСӴҵܵܣΪǶ屨𣡡ط߹ŭӳѾȲ뿴Ĳ״ˡ
ҿǿڹײģطŭҲ룬ײĿ϶ǳǼġ
ʦû˵κλעųһλ˼ˡ
Ҳ¶һ˿ɫû뵽ĵϣȻкͬʿ֡
ȻУ㶮һЩҲԶԶҲ޷͵ɷʦȡ
ֻм˫һƾԼóҪӻֺ
С裬λʦȼ𣿡һŮʵ
ŮһֱʴСĲ֪װãŨŨľ֣λʦȼѾﵽ߼𣬶ұǴλҪߡ
Ŷ־ϲû뵽ʦ鴫ϲʦվһߵġ
³κʤˡ
ʦ뿪ѯʳʱͻȻ֮䣬ĳ䣬һëȻϢ
ͷɱҾڤʦڵȵɽˣҶҪΪʦ汨𣡡һɫӰͻȻȺдܳŨŨаϢ֮Ż
ǿλŮѿڽе
üͷһ壺аޣ
ʦСģطͶͬʱѵ
仯һ˲֮䣬а޲һ֮ڣͳ嵽ʦǰһѷذףʦдȥ
һ̣ȫˡ
˭û뵽ĻϣȻôаʿ
а޵ٶ̫ˣ֪ʦʵĳȷʦܵһ
ǧһʱֻ̣ʦ赭дĴһֻӤ֣ǰаͻذ֮ϡ
ʱ·ʦذ׵˲䣬ֹͣˡ
а޲ŵĿԼķڽڴϣоԼȫڲʧ
Ϊа޾֡
峯ʱڽϵһа޾ڤĺ˰ɣʦ΢΢һЦȫһͰߣҲɱ㣬ȥӽԺ󲻵Σˡ
ߣʣаӵձȻʦҧȥ
޿ɾҩ
ʦҡҡͷһӣа˲ҷ
һĻڳ֮˲۾ɳˡ
˭뵽ʦ޳ݵ֮УȻ̺ǿķ
ָ֮䣬ͽһǿа޴ʬ޴档
ֲ̫ˣ
ά־ǸⳬС裬̲סһˮ
ʦޱߣһ
֪Ǹа޴Ŵڶߵ۷壬ʦɱĵõˣǽϷ־ֱúýύ
ʦһɱߣǳֶԸɣ
ͶطǴϲųһơ
ǵ΢ĩУҲҺǶ깩ʦȣطм˵뱻ûҷĻ̹Ƕͷ
˶ñĶų
ʱˣ֪ˣ
˫Ѿʦĳŵɫѩˣٴ½ǡ
Сطɫ˲
򰡣
Ƕ£
ƶһСҲҺǶԣ
壬۳һڵŵıȳ¡
ÿ֮˴˿̶оԼޱȣ
ϾǶҽѹûʸ塢֯ĳס
͡ͻȻ÷ǳЦεЦ˳
طΪһٶĸѹң




1120¡ܾͽ
 

ʵϣʦֵһ˲䣬Ѿ˺ܶණ
Ϊʦչͨ𺳲ѣӳˮˡ
㶼ͷˣҴԲѣұΪƶʡһ֮ܳˣǿҶطĶ֣ڿ̫߿ˣطмвмʧ
ʦСɣ
Ŷطʦǰ
˺ɣһ̳ͻữΪ촷ۡ
ǣʦǵûκʩ΢΢һЦȻ붫شڣţͳΪ֮ˣʽ֮£ԸԶ帩ҿΪͽɽ
ʦطһڶ˶¶ŵ
ǿǰͲÿʦûҷġ
ֻǸǼܳΪʦͽܣǳ׬ˣ
Ҳܲʦ뷨Ͼ幩ʦ꣬ʦԸɲҪóѡ
ʵ˶֪ʦʵͼ
һ۾Ϳ츳ΪԶͨߡ
һ;Ѿߵ˾ͷûиǿй߿ѧϰա
ʦճΪͽĿľҪڳʵ飬һµʽܷͻơ
Ȼ뷨ʦǲ˵ġ
ģճΪͽҲһǶһ
ʦ˵ţֿĿʵôΪʦĵӣõҹָ㣬һ޾ԴԱԼҪöࡣ
仰˵˶óʦķǳճˡ
ڳ֮в졢𾪡ҲмĽ
ΪֻҪӦղƽ֣õĪлԵ
˵ٹʮ꣬һʦ׽ĳ磬λͲڳĶǿȵˡ
ӢãΪʦӵջǳһҲȼ֯
ȴһЦ񾵣ʲôʸʦ
һȫȻ
ûõȻֱӾܾʦһﻹ˿
ʦ˵ֱѰ·ˣ
Ȼʦɫ΢΢һŭ⡣
޵һٶ꣬峯ʱڵĴԹ󣬻ǵĳ壬η硢ֺá
˲
Ȼʦŭ⣬Ȼм񾵣޵ϣΪˣʲôʸ˵ҵ츳ͣ
ҪҸΪͽ
𣿡
Ļȫһ֮ɫ
Ǵûһ١ٶˣ
ʦһ޷ԹģϵŭҲסˡ
ʦϢҲ˱仯˸о崺磬ǹĵһһĺ
ΧıͲȥ˶֪ʦȻʢŭǱǰף
طͳЦвֻ
ν·㲻ߣ㴳
ǻĳĴӦΪʦĵӣڵĽȴڼġ
ǻӢ˫߰̾Ϣһû뵽ֵزʦ
Сӣҹ಻ѣΪ츳ͱҸߣ
ʦԳĳƺˣǰȻ벻м֮ɫ
֪һ;ԽԽǼѣ
ʮ㣬ֻߵһ룬ÿһ㶼Ҫķʮϲпͻơ
ͻڸһأԼڰ֮ڣΪﵽҵļ𣡡
һǰͻڣëСɱȣ
ʦȻһͷɫƮ£ȥɷǵͬʱһ˿
˶ʦĻ𾪵Ŀɿڴ
ǽά־־ֳһλʿζʲô
ŵǽϷ־ֵڱ೬ҲǶĴڣ
ʦһǰʿ˵Ϊӿֲ
С裬ղżʦǲǳˣѹžʵ
ʦǰͽڣôܽߡ
֣ҲºܿʦղΪԲŵ¼Сæش
ͷС²е
ʱʦ֣ɢһȦĻɫâ
ȻҪԳˣ
Сӣһλᣬ¸һһΪʦۡ
ЦЦҡҡͷͻȻ֮䣬Ӱʧԭء




1121¡ҹ
 

ԭʧϵͶΪ֮治ѡ
ĳָ߳
ڳӢּĿͲΪˡ
ʦ¶м֮ɫǰһףС
ֲΣֻҪų˲Ϳҵλá
Ȼʦεһ̣ȴŭĴȵң
˲ԣΪʲôʦôŭ
ֱٴ˲֪ԭ
ԭʦΪҪԭã׼ȳ˵ǰһٳ֡
ʦſһ̣ŷֳĿ겢Ƕط
ʱѾطǰһסطĺطͬһֻС
һ±仯ʵ̫ˣʦǽά־ߣֹ
طסŭȵ
λ߸ϵĶ¶֮ɫˡ
ȻΪԶԶʦĶ֣ǴʱĴӱסʱܱɱ
ʦܿ޷ֹ
˭ҹطɨȫһۡ
仰ȵѾʦʹߣòǿơ
ΪָѾطˡ
ֿѹҲȲ˶ط
Сӣ֪ҵ֣öвңʦİ㿴ų˵
ʦ˿˾پ¶ӵľٶ
ĸ֣ӦúʦĹУץסֻͨ˵Ķطơ
һץűɫǺĶطһȻ񾵣ɱ̫߿ԼˣΪΪѹңΪץסطˣ
㣡ʦɫһĿŭڡ
ȷʵԳĪٶȸеǳٶȿ첢ܴʲô
֪ѧʦʦǿһΪԼ׽֣޵УʦһЦǰʩĻᶼûУٷ¶٣һɱ㣡
ղ˶ʦһӣһǿа޻ҷ
ʦ˵һͷɱˣҲû˻ỳɡ
ȻǹһϷʵĻȣȻȻֱʦˣ
ƫƫơԸ̬ʦȴٳûŭ֡
ΪطڳС
ʦаٷְٵİ˲ɱȴұֵ֤һ̣ط᲻ᱻɱ
ŭ㣬Ҳûг֡
˫סطľٶһԱǿ󳬷ߣرࡣ
Ȼ˫ܿ췢Լˡ
Ҫסطûⱻʦɱ
ֻҲڳ֣Ŀ򶫷мղǶ壬Ҫҹ𣿡
ҲһᣬǹһĶطһ
Сӣ̫ˣ˫üŭȣҶ̣ΪĽ棬һƿС¹룡
ĳһҲ׷ָų
Ǹ¹Σ
ҶҼ峯ʱҲֻϣ߹٣ʲô¹򣿡
һҶϣҶ֮أ
һŭȫɶ߷磬ϵһ֡
ȡȣطö촭ˡ
ס֣ŭ
ɳĻԶط֡
طΪټҪԲԶ
֮ǰ谮ĶӶѾϵˣطҲɱôǶ弸˵ˣ
ÿ嶼ǼԴλӰˣǺ޲ܵӵܣֹŴӻɱĲ״
ۼɫ˿ûɿֵ˼طɥҲǲôˣ
괫жϴôνļ桢ϣʲôã
ͨһɫӲĹ
棬ڳı°Ͷˡ
ϳļһȻƶʡһ֮㣬ƵԼĻ¹
һĻ̫˸е𺳡
磬㣿ĶܶŵĿڡ
ҹҧгݵĺȵ긡Ҫ죬ֻҪطһȫֵã
ˣҧҧҲŴһ
Ŷȫ˶
ϲӣȴʷһ죡




1122¡˵ɱɱ
 

μӻıǣʱųĿȫˣһбġӡ
ʦͳɫѿ˼㡣
ǽΪͷԸġ
ڶ˱Ƶ¹ȴֻĿš
൱ڳڳĴǵˣ
ǹҲˣ㻹ſطȻڵϣ˵ʱһɼĿ
Ȼ˵ǹµĻͷſط𣿡
㣡仰еĻ漸Ҿ㣬̫ˣ
㵱Һʦ棬ȶ¹Ѿ׬Ȱüþգǽά־ֺʦ֣߲ĴţҲˣʮ
ʦŻɫâԽԽʢȵķʱܱ
ĻһЦֳΪҽǸʲôģ
˵֮󣬳˵ϵĹײһۡ
ǲ֪ôȵ
ŭȫ汬ſҶɱطҶҡ
꣡
Ļ˵һ룬һĹͷӶطд
ɫ˶طĺǡ
һ̣ȫһļžһϵó
˶סˡ
û˭õĸɱ˶Ĵү
˫һ˫ɵôĶסֱ³
Ӣʮ򣬴˿Ҳ̲ס¶֮ɫ
ʦϵı飬ȫ˼㡣
֮߰󣬶ͻȻҵط
ȫ嶫֮˶վÿ˵ı·Ҫ˳һ㣬ޱȵķߺޡ
ɱطҪʬΣ˿ۿɺ죬Ѿ״ˡ
֪ʵѳ˹ȥ
ͬϻĶֻĽʬ嶪ϣֶͬһ㡣
ЩѪ
ʦʩչɱСӣΪҶ𣡡
öڣʦѾдʣȻ׼һͷ
һαɽȴĴүס˵ܴ裡
ûɱʦ֮ƱЦ
ȵȣӢƲǰһʦΪشףǲɱ
ɱ
СӷɱطҪѪծѪ
˻
۶ԻĵĹףҶѵȲСӣ
Ҷһֱǽϵľ֧ÿ궼˰ϰڣǵ΢ĩףܺҶᲢۣ
οҶֻ̣ƶʡˮƶũ֪ͥǶҪһƶũĺҪ
Ӣ۲ʳǶҵһҲǰҵġӢȵĻӦ
ӳˣãȳǾͱȹףǶΪĹԹѵɱһޱСӣҲҪ׼
Ȼ״񣬵ûʧȥǡ
Ȳ̹ܽ٣Ҳûʽ֯ڻı֮ڡ
ǶҪɱһˣ׾١
Ӣһʱ֮䱻仰סˡ
ΣϾɱ˶طͲ̫õˡ
ʱͻȻתʸۣʸԶ˽˵˵꣬ԻЩס
ʸĻǶԳͷȻñĵס
ǶڷңأұͶӣ˿սʱڣǶҸǳû󷢹ѲƣܾãҪʦţǶͱսˣ
˵˵ʸҪǶ壡ɫһһס
ʸۼЦЩ鶼ʷɲģҹ룬ֻǶ̫Ե˵ˡ
㣡ɫࡣ
ʵʸһ㶼û˵һЩ͵Ĵ֪ķʷ
ֻЩ붫ǺϵԸӣ
˺Ʋ𶫷ķʷΪֻͶѡ׷ˣ䲻̴
ǶԻĵĹףɫĶиֳŪ֮ɫ
һǶʷֲһ֪СУʦٶ֣ҪСӸطᣡ
ʱʦѳɣһƹĵޱȡ
ʦȻȣɲǼɫâǣ
ɫâ֮ԼԼһɬķģȥޱȵׯʥࡣ




1123¡һָƷ
 

ɫâеĹӷģѿڶ󷨣
˰˳󣬲ڵĵõˣʦ׾ˡ
˶ʦʩչͨ𾪵Ŵ͡
ⱲӶûһĻıͶ̫νʦڡ
ʦʩ󣬷û˸аֻˣ
һߵĳһѾǸˡ
鷨󣬳ɣʦ귨˫ƣָƵĸ̬
иԵõЦ⣬̾Ϣ˵ҲһĺӣϧҪҸ鷨ˣ
һ䣬һɢɫâĹϷģʦ£ųֶȥ
վڳߵæ˿֮ڣͱϷĳס
Ӣ˫ͻʸ۵ˣܲΪʲôøղǹȰٶӿΧѡԷľٶδЩдˣ
ֻлʸû¶֮ɫ
Ȼ֪ʦΪܿܺͳ࣬ǽڵǿа۴ˣһ޷ƽ⡣
Ȼס֮ת裬ĳȴ޶
ˣŵĿųλá
ҡҡͷлڣʢ˥һǱزˣ
ϵıͣ˶۳Դ޴֪ˣȡ
е㲻ģʦСѱɱ
Ҹ鷨󣬳ȫԪѸ⣬㲻ҲΪˣҽٽáʦг˵
òҿɲϣС̫ɣи֮ɫ
һ̣ʦͻȻһס
СӻҸ翹
һ䣬סϷͻȻϵĲÿַͬͷӬҷҴܡ
ƣ
һ׵ͻȻдÿͨͨĿ
˷ƮɢȥһơֺȵɢΡ
ôܣʦһ㵣㾹Ƶҵĸ鷨󣿡
ֲҲңɫǳɣʦ˵鷨󲻶ʴԪ
ܹ֮ôƵ󷨣ȷʵΪ鷨
ͳ㡢ϡĵϣ鷨ܹԸ˴󲿷ߡ
аҽˣġаҽ䡷Ĺصľֱָ˳һͨͨ׾ܿ鷨
ʦѾЩûˣǿ򶨵ߵҵĸ鷨ֻעɷƽֻǽҰˣ
ɷǹŪЦ⣬ҿֻܷӳɷѰɣ
㡢ô֪
仰һʦд󺧣ɫˣȻʶԼӦ̫̰ɫóޱȡ
ûκνͣͻȻ֮䣬ӰȻʧԭء
ʦ֮£̷ſ
һΣǳʦȥġ
ǧ֮һʱ䣬۽ʦǰ˽ߡ
Ԫʯ֮䣬ʦһͷٻѹ׵ķ
һ澫ĵ񾵶ȻʦǰɲǼţ
Ȼȴ˿񾵷ĹâӰ죬ѿ͸ͫ
ֿ֮ͫ׼Ĵһǽָ񾵣ʦѨϣ
䣡
ʦȫȻһֱֱȥɳʮ׺סΡ
ʦվһ˲䣬λɽϵĸǿ־Ͳ˼֮ɫ
Ŀ𾪡졢̡η塢Թ޵ȵȥͬʱһָָų΢ţƺ˵ЩʲôȻһҲ˵
˶֪ôµʱͻȻ䣬ʦеѨϣȻһޱȵ

Ѩʦ״񲣬УԷǳǳʹࡣ
һְֻסѨλãֹѸʧȴ޼¡
ʦѨڣ֪̺˶ٱԴڶ̶ʱʧЩ
ڵıȫ𾪵ķ֣ʦһͷƮݵİɫڲ䣬ƽƤҲѸٱұ塣
ʮʱ䣬ʦʹӵɷһˣһ;ƿݵСͷ
¶ϯϵıͣǱΧֲı仯𾪵ˡ
ԭѾ޼÷ǳ밫ƽĲƺۿɼٶȳߡ
һÿôϿ˰ɫĻ䡣
Ȼʦʧȥȫֲգٽ
һ޷ŵ쳣仯Ϊʦһָ




1124¡
 

㡭ô֪ڵʦ˵ݻһſ䡣
δ˵꣬Ĺڵأվվȣ겻ˡ
Ȼκν͡
ʵʦɱλа޵ʱ򣬳ͿʦΪֻ㣬ȱЭḱ᳤Ըһ
Ϊʲô֮ǰжʧΪʦڵʿ
Ϊȷʵûпʦ۷ʱڣڵڶҵʵ
ʦ۷״̬ҪҪ΢һ㾢
ǰѽϡʱʦ峯ʱͻڣȴΪ㣬ԽԽϣ޷άסԼľ磬ڵڶ䵽ڵ㣬ڷʧ
ΪסЩʦͨĳطʧķǿдѨڣҪͷʹá
ͨ͸ͫʦڲŨĲλ˾׼һָʦϰķʧ
ʦգ֮˥ޱȣĲľ
ڳ˶֪ԭ˳һָʦʦѸ˥ϵһĻԵʮˣ
˭뵽ǰһ̷ޱߵʦȴɵĻܡ
ҳֶθǳ˵ʵ̫ǿ̫ˣ
书书ȫ޷⡣
гΪ𾪵ģΪղž⣬ʦﵽ߼
ұǽά־ֵλ߻Ҫǿ
ȴһָܣ
˵Ϸ־ֵ߶ϳʤ㣿
ų𺧣κˣû뵽ԼԳϵһȻǵ͹˳ʵ
ճı֣ļߵˮƽֱѹʦ
ŮСҲԳˣԶԶﲻļߵļ
ľɲǲ߶Գ֡
ҶĳļߣĴˣǾҪϷ־ֵλҪ֣òʧ
𾪹󣬳סˡ
ߣȫһ֮֡ɫ
Ƕǿ̣һָܣҲζƳ׷תʤȯյĶҷҪ군ˣ
Ŀ⾪Ŀųʲô˵
ڣ㻹ҪҸ𣿡ʵ
ı齩Ӳޱȣ֪ӽ쿪ʼҪˣ
ϲ֮գô͵棬׵ĲϣȻ澡ʧ
ʦܵһ˲䣬ڳĴﶼоõҪˣ
ϵɫʮ־ʣ̫˺һŻعͻȻһ仰Ϲǳ׿ˡ
ȻͬһĹضˣû˭Ц
λĸûп۵أ
ͨס˻ļҶС㼧˫ɣ۽Զ֯ϷֲӢһȫˣ
亹乣Ҵ𻰣ֿʵֳ㲻˵ǽά־ҵ˺ܶôڲӦֵҳͷˣ
ҡʵһһףŬһ˿ѿЦݵ񹦸ǽϷ־ĸҶ֡
Ŷô˵ɱ٣ζ壬Ҳûˣʡ
¶ͷϵĺ飬ǿ΢Цûû

ǰˣǿΪ֮ʵǿ²Ǻ
ԼǸұֳһ˿ԻᵱɱҪ֣Чȡ
άǶ壬׵ľˡ
һ·˼ʮꡣ
ͷΪĸ߰ϣݺҧȻͨһų
һԸģ
ľٶ̾Ϣ
ļǾ۶ˣ
ȻҵʷͲôʣͷûжӲ
Ϊ˼Գ£ȫ׼˼Ҳһͬ
Ƕ岻ʶˡ
ĿŹڵϵĶһڿ˵Ƕ̣ȴ˼ʶǳҽ޷ҿǶҲһֻˣ
ֵĺ仰Ҷ죬ϱ˼㡣
˶޲Ҹطȥ
춫Ƕˣ
öԣҹܽ޷ͬһڵأһ۵ƣӽǶԸΪЧȮ֮ͣ




1125¡
 

ѡ峼ڳʵıԶ֮ľ
֮ǰ幩ʦһٶ꣬һٶʦӻǼ˳սʱû⵽ش
Աʦǿ࣬ԸӻǶĻδҾԻʢ
֮ȣնɨر㲻ʲôˡ
һֺ̣ȴĮĵǶʷϾͶѵǽͷݣҵһҶϣ
仰˲ɫҰףζţȫˣ
չҲٿǼµֱ˾ӪҵݹҶֶΣ
ʲôŵɱ˶ħڵĳͷȴöоܣ
񶫷طĽTVֵѾߴңǶĲҵ
ճҪ̹رյĻôԻԪˣܿͻᱻ޳Ĵˣ
ǳڶУѾǹǿĴڣΥĻܻ֣֮ܿ
һж˵һ̹رǼµֱ˾װ
ٴα
һƶʡ֮㣬Ȼһ˱Ƶö¹ɨأ϶顢ɱطöȴ˿ΥҪѼҵͣ
˵ն岻Ϻ棬Ϊľ̷棬ϵ֧
󶫷Ѹ˥ܣҵĴﶼԤˡ
Ե̫ԵˣϯŴȣС˵
չ󣬳֮ضϣ˾֮񣡡
ڳĳͷҲһ仰顣
תʸ裬Ըʱúüල壬ûΥ
ǣа۴ˡʸϹϾͷӦ
а۴ˣĿ¶졣
ƺţʦˡ̹ܽ١
ǻǵһνġа۴ˡ
ѵһݲɣ
뵽ʸ豳ĳţĿһٱ䡣
֣ΪΪά־־ֳƿؽʡʿضʶ㲩û뵽ȻǴ˵еа۴ˣ֪ʱʸĶʸĿڣŷ̵ζ
ûκβãʵȷʵûԭţ
ȻΪ罣ǿ䣬ƺаۣڹպգЩʦ߳߿ģʸĲĴ
óЩЦˡ
Ϊûȥ磬ʸľ˵˹磬δⴵ̫ˡ
ʵʸĵﻹ治ǿš
ǿصĹΪŵĽڣǸ˹ע֮һ
ܳûȥλɽĽڣǽѾԼһλɿϢѸȥһ䶯
߶֪λǿ䡰аۡǺηʥ
˵Ȼû˼ĿаֶۡԹ˵ȴ׹
ǿı𺳵ˡ
ķ־ȻҲձ˼ߣǹ粻ļ𣬶Թ֪֮١
֪йŴڵıΪͷ
ҳҲףΪʲôϰʸ壬Գˡ
֮ǰһֱܲ⣬Ҫǳƶʡһˡ̹ܽ١ֽĹϵôûʸ峼
˻ʸֲΣ֯޷ƿǡ
Ҳֻд˵еĹ糬ûʸ帩׳Ƴ
һ̳ʮֺڣֻ֪ԳԸ񣬵Ļͺ֮ƹϵˡ
뵽һССƶ־־ֳлǿĳ߽ãӿһ˿⡣
عʱѾת߳
ճҪЧѾԶԶԤˡ
ʸ壬ʸ۵ɫĸڳ
Ӣлͼ˫Ҳųȥ
ֻһ߲ѳ衢ظ׵Ķˡ
ıȻҲûϲˣȶվ󣬷׷ǡ
Щǰյ飬׼й¶֡
ά־Ǹʿص¼
ҴСӽ߳ȥʱɫӵĿѾߵļ˫һۡ
ԭΪһΪվӶȴû뵽˫ȷѡ
ӽԺӽ֪Լûѹ˫Ŀܡ
һٺı飬ϲ˳ȥڼ˫档
б˳󣬳Ҫ붫ǣСͻȻڣ֣ԭղˣʦֻжߵˮƽ
ô˵ɱֻһߣʶԾ֮




1126¡Ƿɽ
 

ġС蹧Ļش
ʦüͷߵ;ƿݵʦǰ
λɽǿ޷ߣϵƶԭݶѱϳˡ
ʦ˵Ҳò񾵣ʵΪڰɣ
ͻڣѾѾǰǰ¡飻ѡѵ䵽㡣ʮֳĻش
λվţҲ
۷ʱڵ񾵣ȻߣΪߵʵ൱ʮʮңʿˮƽ
˼һλߣһ񾵲ٰʲô̬Ϳˡ
񾵵Ļش𣬳и־֮ɫǶƭˣԭûбʿǿ󣡡
µλ֣߳Ҳɱ񾵡
³ǳڸղû³֣ѳ¶ݣеȫװȥˣ
֣ҿǳ಻߶塣һλ߲м˵
һλʾͬղСҲּǵĶ֡
ߣξͷŹһԺҪǸǽά־ǰǣҶĲСӣصһʶ뿪ׯ԰

ϻʸΪ׼ĺ͵ʸһ˽԰֡
⴦˽԰ֵľɫȶׯ԰Ҫ˵Ĺŵ԰ڴˡ
ʸԽһϯĵ¥֮ĻһĻӢ˫л
ϣѹöظף֮ҾһʸۺľƱ
˶ͻʸһ𣬾˳һơ
ʸǻʸصΪҳ棬ˡ¾Ʊ
ʸܳĵ֪ͨ񹦸ǶĸԸĳҳ书ͨ쳹أǶ岻棬һҲѹ塣
ʸȱˣϷ˵仰ɡӢϹ΢Цڵ
㡣ʸȳȣûΪӢ˵гһ˿Ȼĵط
Ӣתϵ˵֮ǰ˵ڲ˽֮֯ǰῼǼ룬Ϸ˵һ֯ʺְ𡣡
˵ɡν֯ĸȤġ
Ӣһ٣ɫׯϵ˵֯һǷɽ׷ݵʱڵͻȥλ֯ǰǾҲλϴģְΪ˴ڸΣֵ⣻ʷϺܶʱΪڲ½ʧȥȨ޷ԼĲӣʱһ֧ǿװڹؼʱ𵽾ط̵á
˵δЩ̫˰ɣʸȫš
ΪһۣʷҲԣɴûࡢȥʲôǾ
Ӣ΢΢һЦǾʷ޼ѰȴʵڵģŲţǱɻʸԼȥˡ
ˡðһ£Ǿȫ޼ѰǼΪǧңղҰʷżҶʷϵܶȤһҰʷпǾļءʱ˫ڣƳ罭ˮ
ͻȥĹ£Ǿ˵ȤŨˣ˵ȥɡ
Ҳ˵ʷϣл֮նȵȾʵЩ֯ΪعסӢ渵˵νһƺӴ˵ۼ·ˣ֯ͲٵΪ֮Чػġ
ִ֯׳˳Ϊ֮ȣǵĵҲԽԽǿˣΪϲֻǻģǻĵвվѾ͹װ֯ν֣սҡ
һǰͬʱֱԭһʯ̺ĳֵּɹԴΪǿʯ֯սλʯû֣νʧء
ϣǿĳߣܹ֯Ϊ֯Ѫ
ԼνǷɽ Ǹʲôˡ
һ㲻ףʵ֯ά֣ʲô𣿡
ܴ󡣡
лӢԻʹһάôǿȴ¡
άֽӴȽ϶࣬Ӧ֪άֻֻʿڳ¼֯ս硣




1127¡СС
 

˵֯ʹְ𣬻Ӣ
Ϸڴϵ֯ΪĶսȻ֮ϵݵλκߣΪÿһ£ھܼǧһֱĬĬΪĹһˣҪߵľĪ
Һ֯ˡаˡֵܡѣ޷Щ飬ԼͶ֮֯УԲ˼һǾܾ֯Լľԥ˵˳
άֲ֡ӻǾҽ룬ʼնԼıġ
аҽУΪԼѹϸõֻң
ΰߴϵƽѡΪԼսʱڣΣʱ̣ŻṱԼϾûйûмҡ
Ӣźʧ֮ɫʵϵܾ
Ϊͨϣ֪׷ңù»Ϊջ󣬳һΪ
ԻӢֻ˼һ˵ҺľϷΪ㿪һΪ֯ƽʱҪΪִ֯ҪҪæԼҪҪ֣ǴӦ֣֯ҲӦس꣬㿴Σ
˵Ӣ̬Ѿŵ÷ǳˡ
óӢǳҪӢ˵Բʽ֯ںϵûκĻǵǿԿһ¡
ƺˣӢ˵֯ı꣬ԲʧЩĹٷ֯ԴоԴŴķʯȵȣа
ˣұӦ롣һЦ
ȷʵҪЩԴ
֮ǰͰȻǳ죬ǽⲿԴܽٶȽһ
ĳԽԽĻļ弶ĳ֣߳ǾͲôöԸˡ
ڴӦӢһЦлԸΪ㽫кڱһĴԺ綫ĳԳ֯ϷֲضΪ档
ϲΪʸۡʸ衢лͼ˫˷׷ףء
һƺֵ˫ˣ˴ϣӦòŻȥɣпյĻ˫ȥǼ͡
ЦЦĿλϵһŮ
˫ڼʶֶ֮ͨ󣬻С˼
ŮһֱĳֹԣóúӴԼûʲôô
ȻвԤУб˶ᡣ
˫Ȼ欣ǳĸŮ˲ǹɫ㣿
Լ˫òΪ˵С㣬ҶǼûʲôȤΪվ̨ұ㽻ѡ
˫źʧ䣬ȥʮĳ
˿ܺԼ̫ļƣ϶ˡ
ҳ˵ҪѣǷ֮
뿪ϣ˫֪Լټ
̬ôǿƣҲǿǰȥҹլ
𼧼ҹլãǽϹҵǸӺͳ񣬶ѱаȿһ˫̾һ૶ôô񡭡ϧûˡ
ûע⵽˫ɫϯûʸ谲ţճɻƶʡᡣ
˶ط֮󣬳ǣҵᰵĲ仯
Ĵ³֮⣬ζҪҳᰵ²
ʸһڸ߲㡢Ӣ˫һͳл
лҲͳͬɻȥ
ٱ֮ʣʸߵǰɫѹа۴ˣǽһСС󡣡
ŶʲôҪ󣿡֪¹أͻʸߵȽϡٵĵط
ӢǶʸż˵ʵҵʦڤа۴ʦʮǰ׽ƶʡһλŮйһԵһŮȡΪܡ
ڹ׽бʦֻʹǶĸŮֿʦŮѾʮ꣬ǳɺϵǣ߹츳ƶѧԺУΪѧ
ʦ֪ǳˣǰڹѧԺأŮκνӴʦ嵣Ůѧ֮󣬱ߣ˱һȷջѡǽڡ
Ҫа۴İæ




1128¡
 

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ʸûоܾ˵ȥΪа۴׽ˣѧԺȽͨ飬ʦͨѧԺһʱѧԺʦڼͿѡ񽣻ڣ֪а۴ܷʦһΣ
ûеһʱش𣬶˳
֮ǰɽ׿ʱʸʦڤһΡ
һγ׿ҹִսһʮɷȫľͻȻӱչг׿棬һʤҲûС
Ϊڤͻʸ輰ʱ֣ó׿һսдȫʤ
ʵǷڤһ顣
ټϳΪڿδʲô£ʸŴΪЧ͡
뵽ʱһˡ
ϾӦ˽䣬˼ҵɽŶûȥݷùܲʬλزͣ˿䡣
ĬȻʸ軹Ϊԥֿڵа۴ˣʦ˵æĻҲûϵԸæĻ³֮󣬽ԸΪһƿӹĳ֮ϲɼҺ
ȻûʸŵҺݽ֪Һ˹ԴԼֵˮƽ磬˵Ҳǲɶõıа۴ӦûҺȤ
УҾͰʦһذɡȻæس꣬Ȼûκγˡ
ʸϲ˫һݵʦла۴ˣ
һЦʵʲôʱҽƶѧԺ
а۴˵ĻƶѧԺΪ˲ø͸Ƹʦı׼ǳϸҲϽԾǽڵڱҲҪ£ĻҪһ£ȵʱˣʸͷش
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ͻʸ̸껰߻صлǱߡ
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Сʱ󣬳лִƶʡ
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ڼҲ̫ˣҲС͵֪Ƴλص԰Сʱǳɡ
ΪƽʱᰡסƳϴʱԡŶûȫ
ÿԡ뵽ͣϢĽԡŴһ϶ȥ
ϴˮڸǣ˸оˡ
һԡңǰɫˮ
ӳһƤۡٻӰ
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һããˮţ֣ʮֵĹǡ
ѹסڵѪ߹ȥ§ס֫
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仰Ľ㲻ˣֻ廹ڲ΢΢ƺܵĴ̼
ķǳ֣԰ƳκҶٴˣôܻôУѵΪһԡң
һе֣ôԾƳε㣬֮ǰȫһ
ƳεСϣȻоСӵĸߡ
ֻ书ԽŮֶ
ѵ֮£ַһԾĲλ
ʱĪԪѧɢһ䣺ۣŭ
סŮȷʵܻ𱬣ǳߴƳζԲϣ
㲻ƳΣһɿ˫֡
ŮȲƳΣҲۣᰡ
ų֣ƬƵŮæץԡסؼλȻ󻺻ת
飬ô㣿׵ľˣͬʱлһ˿Ρ
û뵽ԡľȻŮ顣
ֻ鱻ˮϼ콿޵ϣ߷⣬ֱŭҧӣվԭһ仰û˵
óøĶˣǴǸ˵˼ΪƳϴ裬Ҳǹġ
ô˵ƳΡѾǸˣڿڣ仰˵ߵü˵ĶӶˡ
ȡȡʱʮΣҪشҲǣҪҲǡ
شҲµóΪղŵľٶﶼ̫ˡ




1129¡ͬ
 

뵽˽³ƺƳΪáĲζ
ʶǷ̫ˣĻʱ˵麦ߵ˵ȥˡ
Ȼû˵Ǹʲô
óӵĴˣû뵽ղűסռˣǵû
ʱ㹻ǣ΢Ц˵ҲϣΪ˱źҡ飬һŮӣӦúĻζʲô
˵㡭ΪҰأˮֱĿų
һ⡢¸Һ;Ȼ
׵Ĵסˡ
Ȼԡұˣ
һз̫һʱȫûӦ
һ̣ͻȻż⿿ӣס˳Ĵ꣬ǣ
ĿӣŴ괫˲ڵѪҺӿϴԡ
ĳ飬óſй˼ɣҵӵ
ҲƲסԼһѳԡҪһʱͻȻŵ
ˣǻˣɲ뱻Ůײԡȣδˡ
˳ֻܸһǸȻѸ˳ԡңصԼķ䣬ʪ·
ԡһ˿ʧ䣬漴Ĳˮ飬·ɫ糣߳ԡſڡ
óҲ·ӷ˶һۣԷе֮ɫ
ףˣ
һƳΡ᰺λŮܾϲ
ۻע⵽ϵɫһ˿Ȼ
ٿŵʪģϴ̺⣬Щϸڲɵ۸档
ҲûнҴеĲֻ֮ǳųȻζһЦ
ֻ¶һ˿εЦ⣬ʾԼʲôҲû
Ƕˣ˵ɡ
λŮɳ£򵥵ѯʣ֪ԭյʡᣬԿ׽԰ķӡ
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طĴۣӽҲѸ˥ܣԺҵũTV޵ˡʮźͰ
ųĻλŮɵڽϵһĻԼİ˽һУһ̤϶ţ̵ĳѹø׳ƳǺεȵĿεȵķ˾
ң᰷ֳʱúǰͬˡ
ʱֻһɵеåڵĳȳѱת磬е͵ݻİԵһλھµˣ
λŮ¶ԳĽÿ˶΢΢һ죬˼
˵ڽϵ飬Ŀŵϣеʵᰣȥʱ䣬ûиоĵط
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Ǿͺãʱһص۲죬һҪҳĲ仯֣ص˵
ڵΣԿɴСܼʱƣһ£Ǿͻ֮Īˡ
лл㡣˵ţͻȻյһ뺯ˣ㵺Ǳһҽҩᣬȫƽ̫ҽҩսԷչᣬȥμӣʱ׼ڷƹзĻشûشгʱ֪ûпգһͬμӣ
ðȻû⡣ԥĴӦ
зĻشڻҽҩľ裬ƹ㵽гȫ綼ʶشҩЧô൱ﻪҽˡ
ҳ뵽һ㣺ᰣᣬӦûкܶඥҽҩרҲμӰɣʱ˵ЩҽҩרңĲ仯
Ȼаҽеҽ˫ȻԼʱڵʲô˵ЩḻĶҽҩרܿߣܸһЩ
ȷʵкܶඥҽѧרҲμӣܾһȥɡԭӰ죬Ը±زЦǧıɽŮ
ܴӷ뵽ĲȥķǳˣǵЦŨˡ
˵ͷֿ飺飬ԺҲҪס԰𣿡
ܵܣʱ۵Цһ䣬˼ڹ˾ʱ˵ˣ׼ʡ򷿡
ŶʡᶨˣΪ졣
һڱᰵҵתƵʡᣬ캣ǱҲûѣԾʡᶨӣʡ䣬⻹㡣
ʵ黹һԭû˵ʡɲΪʱֽ




1130¡
 

Ȼֻ˵Լʡᶨӵԭ򣬵۳ᰡƳΡۣ֪뷨ʲô
ϾȪɽׯʱĸǰ¶Լˡ
ѡԼӣȻΪǵƳεĸܣҲƳһЩ
ãҪķŶ˲ҴȴǲĵϷ
ûĿһۣһʼ͸ܲԸ˲ʶۻôϲϷ
Ҳ۶죬Ϊ֪Լ϶˵ۣᱻȥ
飬򣿡΢Цʵ԰ķѾȫȥˡ
ҴʡѧǸƽȥҲȽϷ㡣ˡ
ҲЦʵ飬ҪǺϹɣҲһס
Ǿ͸ˡĿ¶ϲͲϲһס
ʱֿˣܹȥסĻҲҪȥǱƳã
ֻ꣬Ϲ˵ʲôƳεһ¾ͺ͸ˡ
ϲһЩεſǵ棬Ƴθмܲס
Цû֦Ҳ֮Ƴãҽн꣬ŮͨԵŶĴŮǽͷãСϽĴ
㲻Ƴζʱеˡ
书綥Ůɱ֣ʲôһ취ûУ϶Ǻһ˯ġ
۵ԵһУƳο϶ֵס
ˣֻǸ㿪Цģں촽һЦĴ
ƳվһۣȻԴ˵ȥˡ
ƳλŮһͣ󣬳ط
ֻͻȻ˵ҪסɣǿҪú÷䷿Ŷ
͸˯һ䡣תͷӦһ䣬ûʲô÷ġ
ȴе㿹ܵ˵ҲŲҪҺͱ᰻Ƴ˯һˡ
ã𣿡۹¶ĵ񣬵۵ȴӹһĨ֮ɫܻƳ˯һ̫ˣҽͳܵһ˯Ŷ
㡭ҲŲûûҧ
ȴЦȫûŮֵӣͳܵܺĸŮˣҶղûˣûûôˣҪó㣬Һͳܵһ˯㲻ͬⰡ
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Ƴ߹վһ𣺡飬û£ͺһұһ˯ˣǧҪֻ˯һ䣬Сҹǹ˳㶹
ƳãԸңʵˡǹԹ˵ҲΪǺŮһŴûܵܵҲȥ˵ǲǣ
һͷû뵽򵥵һ飬ŮôӣƵġ
ۻսˡ
ۡƳλɫŮ˫ֱĿҪ䡣
лŴ⣬ڰϾе㹬ζ
һֱĬʮֵ
רΪɫˣͻȻһ뷨Ŀŵϡ
ôңһֲ̫ԤС
΢΢һЦᰣҷ˯ɣ۲Ĳҹ賿ı仯
⡢ô鷳ɣϵĺϼһӶӿͷ
һͳԼͬĻ˵ͬߵ顣
Ȼķ䣬ûʲôر뷨ȷʵֻ۲ᰵĲ仯
᰿ɲҴӦΪŮء
۳ûƲܣܵһ⣬ʹӦ˰ɣˡ
ǰ㣬ĲʱܳΣգĻȽϺáһ˵Ĳ飬ƳҲٳʲôɴˡ
ȻҲûᰣβҪŶ
ղŻϾŮ˿̾ȻĴɹʶ
Լõû
áðɡֻεĴӦϵɬȴζβסˡ
ע⵽ᰵЦЦģҴ̾С
⻰һ۰˳һۣʾӦóû᰸¡
Ƴκ鷴ûɵһɡ
ûΪ۵İʾʲô뷨ԹԵ߽䣺ҪˣҪĻõĴŵҡ




1131¡һ
 

ᰵ˵ͷΪ˱ΣȻ׼ôͽȥķ䡣
ĸŮ֮⣬ȥԡϴ衣
ԡˮ÷ڵĳеԳɵղźԡһ̡
ܿ׼
ʱͻȻһ£óֻǵĻѴ˸绰ûѲһ龩ҽԺûĲ¼
ӦҹԸʼѲ鲡⡣
绰ֱڵϴ״̬
Сʱ֮󣬳űĴ򿪡
Ҳ룬϶᰽ˡ
ŵ𣿡ᰵᡣ
ᣬϴ˯ɡ۾ᰳգ΢Цҹ˯š
㻹Ҫһҹ᲻̫ˣ᰻ߵ£ĵʵ
ҡҡͷЦᰣ֪ܲԽԽǾ˯ɡ
šһκͳһңҪȹһҹⲻЩн
£ԴŵɵϣϱӣԼʾ˯Ҫ̫ࡣ
ᰱ۾ȴӶǳӰ
˰Сʱ᰺˯⣬ֻͷ̺ϴĳ
ֻŵĺϢʹ˿ȥɣȻƷ֮ˡ
һͻȻ뵽һص⡣
һķɣϣȴȥעҪͳ
һ˿˯⣬˸Ŀų
һ¾ע⵽ᰵϸ΢ֹͣ͵ʵ˯𣿡
šᰴ󷽷ĳϵ룬ȥзɵһɣ
ɲô׵顣ЦЦ飬Ҳ̫øͣ򵥵˵ڵûʲôĿܡ
ǣһأʱȥһ磬ڵѾҲ˰ɣʳŵ⡣
Ҳǰѳסˣóһʱ˳˼
⣬治ݺӡ
ܺˡһôɵأ
˼ãſڻشᰣһôһĵҲѣԷǻ뾡һа취һ𡣡
ǣʣ΢΢һ죬ȴůůġ
һЦû
֪ȥҪĵһֱرܵȥˣæ˵ˣȥ㵺μҽҩᣬװգҴȥһװɡ
Ǹʶʱ㲻ǰһף׾ͺˡ𵱳캣ϼܲ᰾ɵȥһװ
Ǻûװһֱ캣һű
Ҳ飬ҳһʮ޵飬ȴ۵Ļ䡣
װ̫ˣβ㻹Ҫ캣ãҲ鷳ٸһɡᰵɲôǮֻһװ
ں͵ȫһˡ
ðɣġǹ𵭵Ц⣬˵þû͵ʯˡ
ᰵʱϼ˫գҺ÷ûƣӦûɫ
Ϊÿ춼Ҫװȥ˾Ծû͵ᡣ
ᰵĽͣóݸһЦλɽܲûǺں뷨
ᰣҿû㣬ֻϣȥװʱܴʯ
ע⵽˵仰ʱ򣬺ҹ֮У˫ǳ۾ֱֱ÷ͨͨС¹
֮һȻĵãϡ
ú˯ɡ¶Цݡ
һҹ˯ú𣬻һʮõΡ
УŸ߹ŵĺɫȹʯʹβĳһʢѹ裬Χڶĸ֮󣬳΢΢ͷĺ촽
ȻҪϵʱȴԼֻõӳѣлصʵ
ʮʧһѽֻӵǽϡ
ڵϴĳһȻ
ôô
ֻƻҺͳǣ
һһЦᰣεҽˣ
ŷ֣ͬһء
˲䣬λɽܲߵͨ졣




1132¡ײ
 

ûУӵķϵ
ǹааЦ⣺ղ˵ĻҿȫŶͱˡ
͡Ǹղ˵Ļ᰹һƳǰҲ֪𣿡
ԣҪҴӦܵҪɡǵЦζˡ
ҧ촽ô򵥵飬ҲҪˣ
һ䣬ƿӣҪӴ
ô׾ͷŹλɽˣٶȸվߣᰵĽۺ촽ӡȥ
ᰴ˲һƬհףһ˫ɵôģĶӡ
û뵽ȻͻȻ
ܣҪƿ
Ȼĵͬʱһ˵ⲻҪ𣿡
ܿ죬᰾ͱǵ˫ˣһ˿ӭ
óĻŭţǵøӰԵ̡
ڴʱͻȻ򿪡
㣬𣿡ŵƳΡ
뿴ᰣǲһ˯ϣû뵽һͿ˾ĳ档
ǵһĻޱӳƳε΢΢Ŵ͡
һ̣Ƴﲻ֪ᣬˣһֱζ
۽⿴Ƴνߵշ̣סƶƲ
˼ŵˡƳ˼룬ŷֳǳΣæ˳ȥغ÷š
棬ۺˣҲ֪Ƴȥŵͼʲô
ֻƳγ󣬱ǳΣ鶼˼ˡ
ƳãҾ˵ɣǡ۳ԳԵЦ
Ƴΰһۣһȥˡ
ɿԼ촽˫ֻ֣дĿ
㣬ұÿˣ˵СҲ֪
ʲô¶Ц⣬ܲãѵѹס𣿡
⡭֮Ժ㲻ռұˡȻҲΪõʵ֣еʮֳʵϿɲ¶ǿӴԹԵĴ¡
ϴͣ᰾׼ȥװ
ܣҪҸһȥ𣿡Цӯӯʵ
ᰵɫ˲е㲻Ȼһ²Żشˡ
õģˡ˵ţԳʹ˸ʽ
һЦ
ֿƳΣǲŽȥ𣿽һȥòã
ŲҪһȥƳͬľܾ
ʱλǧĵĺˣ¶ɫմʱ⣬λôһؿշǴһɡ
˵껰ҲƳͬͬ⣬Ťˮߵм䣬һ˫۲§סλŮ磬ϻڲʵʹ
Ƴʱߺͣ
飬ƳΣСһȥɡ΢Цڡ
Ƴμ˵ֻõۣ޷޶꣬ǴӦˣȰצÿӴ
û˵꣬۵ַӵôˡ
ǶǺýãӦóĩʱ׽׽
˭ýð
ǣƳδˡ书׾ˣƳδ򱧲ƽ
һԶƳεӣվں˫§סƳεСѼ°ͿƳϣ飬ȻЦãҶƳͬӺþˣôأ
飬ҡƳα§סоֵֹģԼӰˡ
ʸĴŮ֣ҡҡͷ¶һĨЦ⣺ᰣ߰ɣùǡ
ҲݸһЦϸ߸Ьͳȥˡ
ǽ컪ıŷ½GTϸʻ󣬱ǰԼõһװ꿪ȥ
ᰣ⴮ƽƯһٱѾϣ͵Ȼˣƽְװʱޡ
Ŀޣһȴһ컬ࡣ
ģҶӲ˵ٻϵЦŨˡ
᰺³ȥᶥסƣ԰ԵܲʽĿ˵˵úÿ
һЦһŲȽŷɳ۶ȥЩһ
ڳĳ£Ŀĵغܿ쵽
ƶʡһװꡣ
ʦǼʮ꾭ϲ÷죬רΪʿװ˵һλϲ÷нߴϰ




1133¡װ
 

ҵ궨װģ϶ʡͷĴ
һװ˵ĶҪʮ򣬹һЩĻҪϰǧпܡ
װϰһ᰽Цӭȥ
ļ÷еˡ
ΪôͬһεˣһǾ绪ĴŮһǷǳ̫ͨˡ
Ȼְҵ÷Ҳûбֳһ㿴˼ֻǸ÷İ²⣬ͨܿǳġ
ϰļʶͲͬˣɲܳǲǮˣǰλɽŮԼҾ
ֻҪǮС
λŮʿҪװ𣿡ϰʵ
΢΢һ㵣ǻû顣
仰˵֮᰸оܲԾЦˡ
ϰ壬˵ˣҪĲϸҶһװǮ⣬Ц
һ죬š˳һ¡
ǵĶڵϰȷŮǷ޹ϵ
ڼ÷ĻȻӡ֤ǵĲ²⣬ǳģ˵ŮʱжԳһӡ
Ǿǵʦ÷һĳߴ硣ϰ彫뵽һλϲ÷ǰ
ϲ÷ϸĵ߸
ϰһԸ᰽ǵϡ
ĿǰõƷDiamond Armour϶װ۸Լһ򣬶λûɣ
û⣬ųǮӦ
ֽеԽԽ˳ڣĲ֪Ǹøˡ
Ȼ֪ǹЦģȴĪľΪã˾Ҳûֹ
һռͷ˺ˣߡ
ȻλûĻұ˵ˡϰһ÷죬ӹ̨óһ꣬ǰװǽڡŦǶ888źֵ꣬888Ԫ̫ĻԸΪ666Ż߸١
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λɽŮӣ÷컹òϣ˲Ҳԡ
⣬װ24˿ƶɣֵʮضλӦҲûɣϰϹЦܣﶼֿˡ
װֵһǧԪһ⣡
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ϰ¶ɫʱ䣬еϡ
Ĳ÷첻Ǻųȫ춼ϲ⻰ڼ÷е㱩ζˡ
ССһ¡
ҾΪ쵽Ϊⵥ⣬ϰ廹ǴӦ˳Ҫ
ߵ̨˶𣬵ȳóߴ֮˾Ҫ뿪װꡣ
ʱͻȻ߽ģ
һţ¶ϲ֮ɫܣҲװ
ǼŵϯҽʦҪơ᰼ʡĺ飬òĻӦ
̽Լһȡƺõװû뵽ʡ½ͷҵܲãǸӾϲǣ˵ܱ˾ȻҲ
ڳĴ˵Ȼûۼ֤ǿ٣֪ƶʡĵһˣڰ֮
̲ҵæųͷģҪ๧ж๧
ѵļ÷춼ˡ
֪⼸̶ʡᶥҵңһҲǼϵģ
ĶҵңΪȻϹϾ
ҲСˣ˼Ǵֻ˲¶࣡
ֻ΢΢ͷ߳š
̶֪ǵļ𣬻ûʸύֻܹͳȥ
ϳ˳ĸ첲һѣûĵϹʲôţҿû˵Ҫ޸㣡
һ˪ıɽܲãѵˣСƢپʮݸ
ֻǿЦǹЦ˵Ϊ仯Ը𽥱Ҳõ٩ķʽһ¡
һӿЦˣ뿪٩
֪֪˵ڣҪεġ᰹
ҾͶ㸺һӷΡ
仰˲סͻȻӿ·ζƿ
ᰣû°ɣΪˡ
ֲĻߣϲŭ޳ġ
ֻȻ˵û£ɡ
ֻӣ԰Сȥ
ʱֻ




1134¡ת
 

ֻһǻѴġ
ӲҽԺԼȫҽԺˣûҵ˵Ʋ
ûˣԺʲôֵĻ֪ͨҡ
ͻѼͨ󣬳ĸһ˿ǡ
Ϊ£ᰵĺ֢Ȭ˭뵽Ȼ䷢ı仯
ԼаҽУڵ޲ߡ
ΣǼᰵĲ飬϶Ƶķֻʱûо
ص԰СûãȥӵҲˡ
ͻȻһٳһˡ
ҪȥƳα׼ˣҪţɵúʵ
֮ǰũTVҵ׿磬ˣҰһƣȥָôʵش
ʱͻȻڣҺһȥɣΪϴͷʦ飬Һ׿Ҳʶ
Ǻáûоܾٴγš
ʡһҽԺ׿Ĳֻ׿ڴϣΧм顣
ʱ׿Ѿѣ֮󣬾ҪӲ
˻ûãҪҶߵǰ˵
׿ֻٶ£Ҳˣк
׿УǱ츳ߵţ˶ǳ𾴣һ鵱δʦ
뵽ԼΪһԶ޷ϰ䣬׿һɥûǰɷ
Զ޷Ϊʦˡ
Ļûᡣ뵽׿ˣ㲻ѧ·
˵ģ׿ʱ˫Ŀһȥʮּ
֪˾ˣҽͨ˵а취ָ塣
㾭ܹȻ޸ȴܴͷˣΪѧ䷽ʽʵ壬뵽һַǲһܳɡ
ֻҪһ˿ϣҾԸⳢԣ׿ȻҲһա
Բܿ࣬ȥ캣лһĶԺ;˳˳ˮ
׿绹ǽڵһλ
һ㰲ţ˺֮ؼҺúϢ˵ţҪ뿪
лл׿һĿͳȥ
֮ʵ׿䣿
飬ѧߣ֪ѧٱΪ׿ָͨʵǰһ¥
߶νӴѾ֪䲢ҪһҪر츳
׿ѧ϶ûʲô⡣
Ļ¶񣺡׿ȫܹ𣬾ȻָͨʵѵʱгҵĿܣ
û֪ߵĴڣ˵϶ǸСĴ
ѧʮܻ꣬ˮƽ
Ҳ˵ԸǰΪߵĻҲһ㡣
ǡŸΡ꣬ѧĹѾٹ̡
ȴȥʱͻʦпܡ
ǳڸǰʽԶԶȲϴ˵еĹ䡣
һʱ֮޷ܡ
׿綼ᣬ仹Ǻ׵ģʦͲˡĵȰ飬ҵĻתɣұ֤츳Ժʵ϶ʦҪǿࡣ
֪ƭֻعȥѡ
鲢̲ߣתҲǺܿġ
ԥһ֮¶ģȻͷģʲôʱ䣿
ȲżҴ绰˵ȡֻͨʸĺ롣
ʸ裬ҪԸλڵ֮ףڤƶѧԺͬʱһ£׿ΪѧԺ
׿츳ܸߣѧѡûƸʦҪôϸ˽ѧԺӦûʲô⡣
ʸֱӴӦˡ
ʸҲӦĹ书ЩڽУǷ̫飬ûʸҪ
ƶѧԺôѧѧԺ϶Ҳһġ
㹻׿Ϊˡ
飬º͸ȥƶѧԺɡ
лл㡣󣬲ãǳڴνƶѧԺʲôڡ
׿磬ص԰С
⼸죬ȥӣҹֱҽҩһĵ
ڼᰳǰ㵺ǰҹյһþûϵ˷΢š




1135¡̫
 

΢ŵˣǼƷٸ
Ȼϸ˵ﲢٸ֮ΪϹȫûǷ
ϴγ﷢΢ţѾȥüˡ
ȥףǧսʱ㵺ǰս
һս֮󣬳΢̹ףʾԼϲ˳
ﲢ֪ʵ΢ŵľǳΪһˡ
΢źֻ﷢ǣ˧磬ܷһæܼٻأ
ƺλ̫̫˺鷳顣
ȻҲΪһ΢Ŷųĳʲô¡
ֻĻظʲôæ
Ϲ͸ĳǸɫң
پʮ档
㵺ǰʮĴ壬㵺үȻҪԼ͸ˣ
ҪǴȥĻʲôˣ
˳ʮ޷⣬ԼʣϹΪʲôҪˣĳ˭
ƺôֻظֱ̫Ӹ΢ͨ롣
΢ǵ
ֻֻﴫԹɤһ뵽һįٸ
˿̳ȴǼ˧磬õ𣿡
õ˵ɡƽֵĮ
ϾֻΪô˵ѣɲҪ㹻ıꡣ
ȻǧʱóǺͬһľɫŮǵɫɶԳûʲô
ȴ־ϲôǧϼǸƶʡһô
ﻹû뵽΢ŵľǳͨ˷֣ټ˵˧磬֪㵺ƴɺܳɣĳԳǻƴɺˣ˵ͨ󣬶ȥ÷β
ϹƴɰָǷΪʩҴҵΣͦ۾ǰ͸ĳ
ҴĳǴʦʵȴһɫĲ뱻Ǹɫϣ˧ܾȾң
ð档
û뵽ҹΪԼ۷ͼ棬ȻҪԼš㵺ǰĴŮͳȥ
˵Ʒ¶ӵ㡣
ó𵱳ǧʱƤ𪡢һ֮ܿΪǷ䣬ͺŴ̫һ
νĻƴɺ˻ĳܹβҲóĸо档
ǳԼȻΪﵽСɾ磬֮ûбΪߵģҲҺųԼ÷βʱö
ƾʲôҪ㣿ҿɲʲôˡĻظ
ΪԼİŮˣԸ⸰𣬵ɺûʲôϵ
ڳǧ˵Լ
ܴ˵ֻǳĽǿߣϲϳ
һ￴ǿˣѱ
ԳһֱԳ䵭̬ȣûɫŮı֮ǰԳһ˿һ롣
ôĮˣ˧磬֮ǰ˵㾭ִʲôΣҲ϶ֺĹӶɱֻ֣ҪԸңҿԸı꣡
ȣҲȱǮڶøʲô꣬ΪһŮˣ㵺ǰʮļҶԿһܿܵǸʲôĳʦ
ֱӵ˵ⷬ
Ȼηνһ߻ĳ
ҲȫΪκֵĶıꡣ
ƷٸԸ׳Լ壬Ҳ˶ġ
Ϊֻ֤һϧԼŮ˰ˣŮˣڵĳ˵һ۶ÿ
سȴǲ´ˣﲢûԼΪ꣬ǰ˧磬ˣֻҪңҸţѾͷУֻҪܱס֮
Լ׿úҪΪ⣬ȻܽԺá
ҲǣﱾΪĳɫħצ
ﲻϧԼ׳Ϊ㵺үȣ϶жٴӦ
˧磬ϣңֻܽԼİˡ˵öȻˡ
ܹõλ㵺Ůӡ
⻹óͬ飬ǲɫʵİ֮ˣϴθ˵Ǹ
ûȻȻĻشֻҪ˧һΣԸΪţ꣬Ȼȥҳ




1136¡ת
 

Ů˵ഺʱǷǳģֻǳΪħצ׵Ļȥˡ
ȴܲ⣬ΪʲôǧϼһΣͶôִš
ѵԵ޹ʵİ
ǸΪô֪Ϊʲôȥôȷһῴ㣿źʵ
ЦһҼ֮޿Ҳܱܿ׷ϴֻгܱˣҵĻҾΪѳ顭˧磬ǲǺܲΪʲôԽһôΪҵĳҲټһ棬ұܾĻҾԶ޷ġ
֮󣬳Ĭˡ
˵֣ʵġ
ҲŮ˰ô
̹׵˵ʵϣŮ˰ǿҲûʲô
λ㵺ŮעԵ֡
ţڵȻֻǸܱ㣬ҿɲұ֤ܰæ
˧磬ֻҪԸæУ֪ͣϷæ˵Ѿмƻˣϣ㵺֡ʼߺšٰһᣬܻܿϰ׸ĳʱֻҪ˧ᣬ취Ҵ߾С
ļƻ˵ףʵʩɲһ¡ó뷨δ̫ˣֶᣬ϶ܣһлĳ㵺ʦһͨװȳȥ
˵ⳡὫǧ˲μӣʱֻҪңлᣬ˧羭ִΣ񣬿϶а취ģԲԣ
λ̫̫һϣڳˡ
ҿһ°ɡûֱӴӦ
Ȼǰ㵺
ǾȲȳ˵ˣϾɲҪţһ޸֮Ůܸʲô
Ȼǰ㵺лĻ˳һѡ
ߵ㣬ʼߺᣬҵ˧һҪ˵仰ͳͨ
﷢һƬΪûݡ
ƬϷ˴Լĳ漴رֻĻʼ
ڶ죬ȥװȡ˶ƺõĶװ֮󣬱ᰳɻǰ㵺
㵺ƶʡǳӽ˺ܿ͵㵺
»֮󣬳ÿ͵Ŀ⡣
޾òͲ˵ˣߵͷʶǳߡ
ϲ÷߳շƵĶװ֮Ҳƽͬ
˿װװ˵սףԺӦöഩŶԡ᰿ų˸ʵ΢Ц
ЦЦֻҪϲ촩
㰡˵ú֮ǰװû㴩ΡȻİϲȴԹһ䡣
Ժʵжָ㿴
˵ͻȻ֣§סᰵ
ʱ䣬᰽΢΢һ
뵽˴ǰ㵺ΪаģҲɵóˡ
ᰣҪ̸һʽɣᰵĶޣааЦ
仰Ӷߺˡ
ɵ𵱳ͳԼóʵϰѡ
ΪǵƳΣʵϰѵͲ֮ˡ
̸һʽԺ֮ǰĳңӦ
㶼ͶŮ̸ʽˣ˼˵Ҳҧź촽һ˿Թ˵
˵᰷߽۵Ķ䣺֮ǰģڶü¹ȥˣҵı֣Ҳת˰ɣ
ڣ
һֱׯıɽܲã仰Цˡ
˿᰸оģĸ飺ҪҪӦһأҪǴӦĻȥƳǸöôΣ顭
ԥǿƣҸĸ϶뱧ˣҪ尢̴ӹλǻԭ̤ǵöż
˵ע㣬Χô˿ءߵöҸضȥˡ
һûзhȵȴŮٯٯڻҸʲôӣΪܲôշ
գ᰻ǹȥԼһء
Ϊ᰾ãھʹӦĻȥ֮ҪƳһ𣬱һûû
ۿ϶Ҳ룬֪ۻҲյǿ̫ơ̫ŵˡ
㵺ǰµģЩӡ᰺ľܾ˳Ҫʽ




1137¡ҹ
 

һھͺˣֻ˵ȥĻóȥˮҲղ
ϾŮ˶Ǽӵ˲䷴ڡ
ûᰵĿķǡ
ǵֲܴ˳ҲͲʽˡ
ɿ§ס֫ʱӭ߹һװԼʮӡ
ãˡҽӻˡӿᰣ¶ǳ𾴵ɫ
òԵ΢Цãλ֮ǰ˵ĳǼŵϯҽʦλǻشƷ㵺̳½ܡ
áͳ½֡
½ķǳڳᡣ
Ȼ㵺Ҳ˵һЩ¼û뵽ǰᣬȻƶʡǱߴôͷ
ó½ò²⣬п϶᰺ϼŵĹϵ
ǲܳ½ôģڳ½ķУֻ΢΢ͷ
½ֿᰣЦݵܣѾ㰲˺㵺ܳҽѧʿ棬ص㶨㵺ҽԺǷھǰȥ
õģ鷳ˡ˵ţͳų½߳ϳ½׼õĽγ
һϺʵλ
ڿĳ½ôʣɵϼŵλϯҽʦδе㲻עҵˡ
㵺ҽѧʿû˵
ĵĽ͵㵺ǰҵĹӣСҽѧŻڣ㵺ѧʿҵ缶־Ϸƪҽѧģһλҽѧš˴η̫ҽҩսԷչᣬ֮һǵĻشƷʱڷվ̨ƹ㣬ҪӵĹϵ
Ŷԭˡ˵꣬ûбֳκξȾ֮⡣
ǰĳ½óеԸˡ
ˮƽһ㶼ȳ
ۼǸǴȡ
Ϊóʶݵλ½̲סˣܣʿɲҽѧô򵥣ļ㵺ǰéĽھͷҵף㵺һʿȵ޼
ο黹㵺¸صĴʦĳ£ƴʦͨ죬㵺Ȧ˵һһͺܶԹǳʦ˵㵺Ǻˡ
½ĳ¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫ
Ϊպȹ˵ү׼͸ĳ
û뵽黹ǻĳĵӡ
һλҽѧʿһλдʦΪʦЩĵˡ
뵽Ļʵ˵λƴʦ÷βѵΪԭ򣬲ŵ˻ƴʦĵӣ
½һҽʦĹªţ뻹֪㵺Ļƴʦ
µûƴʦͨ÷βִֽҽѧҪЧһƴʦֻЩ֢Ĳ˿ֻҪСʱܶε֢ƴʦεúá
Ϊ޷츳ܰڻƴʦ£˵βϣѾлƴʦɵĹ
½ⷬᰶһۡ
βЧ߻ĳ᰼һ²
Ҳġ
Ȼȫνķβֻ뿴ͻĳõľǺֶΡ
ԼʮӺ󣬳ͣһ˽ҽԺ֮ǰ
˵㵺ҽԺһЧӦǿҽԺϼȵ㵺ŮǣҽԺ䡣
ҽԺȻ˽ʣ䱸ҽѧʩҽѧרңƵһҲֻоҽԺּ΢ѹһͷˡ
ʮ꣬͵ҽԺĸԺΪԺҲָտɴ
ȻɲΪ鵥Լô졣
϶ҺͻĳĹϵ
߽ҽԺ󣬳½ųİ칫ҷȥ
һ칫ң½鲢档
˰칫һԱʵʿȥˣ
ʿ12Ŷ˿ǹԱͷҲ̧Ļش
½΢΢죺ܹʿԳβģ϶ǴܣҪҪȥ
ܣ·ɡᰵӦ
뿴ô÷βģպþڸ˿ѵã˺һ𣬸ų½Ƕ¥ȥ
12ŶſڣֻվʮĹŻС
ʮŻп˵׷¶ɷɫ
ϴʿβǲȥţ
λŵֵܰɣʿҪ飬鷳ͨǽȥ½㵺ôãһ¾ϳЩŻеݡ




1138¡˫
 

½˵ЩŻŵģһ¾뵽㵺ʦϡ
ֻû뵽һʦֵ¾ȻйŻС
ȷʵ㵺ı㵺ӵƶʡĽ컪ǺϵĽֵܡ
ʮŻŲýȥ½ԾɰڳЦʵ֪λֵܵĴ˭Ҫ𣿡
ߣϴ˭֪ϴ˫磡ʲôˣҲܹ֪ģ˭֪ǲǵж԰̽ϸģһŽĹŻֺ˵
½ɫȻһ䡣
澹Ȼŵ˫䣬ŻдǺֵµһŸ֣λҲֻںһ֮¡
֪㵺ǰڰǳֻ࣬ǻع֮Щڰ׷ϴԼĳɺϷӪšᡣ
ž㵺İᣬ˳½ŵĹŻвŻ¶̬ȡ
һССˣ½һӶ
еλߣ½ηﻹóȻȥ
ǲܽȥĻֲ֪鲩ʿҪƶã˳½ѵľء
ɲɵȣߵſڣҪš
ʲô
½УҾص㣡
Ҵƣǰɣ
ǰһݼҲ
ЩŻǰ㵺֣˫üһ壬Ҫһѵ
ʱͻȻˣһԴǳܣɡ
ллʿ½ϲ⣬æкһȥ
ŻǼ鿪ڣ㲻ÿһ·ó˽ȥǿ᰽ȥıӰ̰֮ɫ
֮󣬳߷ǳʵôƣ
ʿβܲ㿪ưɡ½³أŭ䣬æԲ
ŵһһ½оǴ˼ʿ÷βȻҪصˣ
ܣλǣڰУǸŰ״ӵ˵߹ȥ򿪵ơ
ȻѾˡ
ڿݣֻͦΣòĿӦþҹ顣
½æܵλŮʿƶʡϼܲᰣܣλϼϯҽʦ
ŶǺáֻǵĴ˸к
½䶼̬ûʲôԡ
Ͼ˼ҿ㵺ǰĹӣһλ㵺ȦʦһڵؼŵܲúϯҽʦҲǺġ
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Ҫ˵һ飬ȴóһɫֽ˵磬ȥÿһŷֽˮ£һںٹ顣
ллʿһϲĽӹֽƺõʲôƵģл
ղžͷһᰣ˫ĿȴⲻᰣȻеܹݵζ
λҹӣܿ鳡ˡ
շֽˮȵƷóΪЦ
ЩֽȻһ΢ôε˲
ٿΪ˫ı뺷ȴɫףӡ÷ڣƺʲôɾĶ
͸ͫһ۲죬Щֽûá
пҲ֪µģһܺ飬Լ׬һЩҽҩѡ
Ͼŵ˫϶ȱǮ
ȻһжǳԼĲ²⣬Ҳпˮƽ̫ͣڵжء
˷ֽ߳⣬ʮСΧ꺮ů
ϴǸСǻȥˣ
ȱ𼱡˰֣ʾСǰ
ȥСѰ֣û뵽˵ͻȻ̱·аƵģСҹ͵ҽԺȵʿҽԺżʱõơ
֪ǸСܿǵж԰ģǸ½ŮܲãŮܲߵɵС֮󣬸о˲ȥǸСˡ
ڣ»صᰵϣ⻹ᰰ͹µĲλӹŲ̲Ŀڵܣղ˵ʲô
ģʿڷϿһչǼŵĻشƷ᰹һ˿òԵЦ˵
û⣬ֻҪ㹻չþСڴӦ
⵹ó᰸еһ˿⡣
ǸˣӦûһЩŶԡ
ܣʲô𣿡




1139¡
 

᰻ع˳һְۣĿתʿģһ֢
ᰣˡͻȻֹ᰼˵ȥ
Ϊ÷βķܲס
һֽͿԿó
˵㲻˵ʲô
鱻ȤܣҪҿɣ
ûˣʿǾͲ㹤ˡ˵ţҪͳ뿪
ȵȣ
Խ˵ĺķԽء
λɽŮ뿪
鿴ᰵò㾺ѡ㵺һŮûʲôѹ
ڽסᰡ
ܣҿó쳣֮Ȼ㵺ңǱˣҽҼһ塣
ˣŮû¡Ŀ顣
ãΪ˵̬Ⱥܷ
㵺үݵλʲôϼϯҽʦ֪Ҫ߼Ρ
УҽԺɨصûʲôͬ
Ҹ鲻ˬǣŮܲþȻСӵŮѣ
үǵһμŮо͸ȥˡ
ҵȨ𣿡΢΢۾ͳĿӣ㵺ҽѧɲ½ܱȵģ˵Ĳ飬˵׾١
Ŷ㵹˵˵Ҫô᰼飿νķʵ
ŭ⣬һһСûʩչʸڸܼ飬Ǳǳ򵥣ֻҪȫ·ҿһ۾֪ʲô
ʿһ㡣黰٬ζʱĿڵ
޼ɵĶᰵǹЦܣվҽϸ壬ǲʲô
ž
黰δ˵꣬һѾ˹ȥ
˲佫Ͷˡ
ɫջƣɲκᱡᰣͷҲС
һƿɰһԵĳ½Żˣ
½ôõȻҴҹӣ
˳һƣʹͬʱŭ˲䱩ǣƶУҴң
ôˣҼұҲܹµģ
һ½СŵܲãүĸȻǲ֪ôҾǺú壬㵺½Ȼŭ˼£ȡһŻɫֽдʣҪʩչĳķ
һĻ½ɫ䣡
ʿһŭ֮£Ҫֱɱˣ
ҽԺҵĵ֮ڣοлƴʦһ㱳ɱһ½ˣһ˼ɶûС
黹û귨žһִ˹
һϵķֽˡ
һƣ̣ƶУҸ㣬군ˣ
ҵʶ£ô군˵־ơ
ŵæ
оʲôϯҽʦô򵥣ġ
һ˿׼ʩŵ޴ˡ
֪ԼûʩĻᣬݺݵƶУ㲻Ҫ̫ţ㵺ĻүҪÿܣǼչȡˣ
ʿҲҪչˡĻӦ
ᰣߡ
ᰵ֣ȥ
򿪲ŵʱ鿴Сܻûߣʱǰһ̳˳
ʿô£콭ģһ֪Ծ
Ǹƶдңסǣ
û⣬ʿ¾£
ĲҪȬҪָ飬˺ԥˣкʮСڳǰ
½оûʶʿҴҲǴ㵺һ˵һָ߽ͷ졣
Ȼ壬һջڣԾԸһͨСӺ⡣
Сǳûϴ˫ʦµһ֣
أ
ʮŻлû꣬ͺǵϴһͬɳȥˡ
һĻ졣
֪֣һϰٸɣû뵽ȴһɱ
ܣƶе˭鿴һԵĳ½ʵ
½Цشλƶʡһˣ˳Ƴʦ
ʦô᣿ӵ𾪡
ɿһλѧʦ
ʦĻʩĻҲӮʦƴʦ
Сӣ㲻ʦ൤ôʦŶʹе
Цҡҡͷ˵½ûʶҿ㵺˲Ǿ֮ܡ
ߣ˲ҲҴ绰Ǻ伤
˰֣㾡ܽС
ã֣³ڣóֻĺ롣




1140¡㵺ʦ
 

绰ųҵţʮӣǺϾ͵
ʮСܸձꡢһӣɾúЦ
Ͼĺһȴϵĵ
˿Ѿɵӿˡ
Ȼڳʵ֪뵤ʦпܡ
Ǿʦᣬ϶޷ͳĺʦȡ
ʮӺܿȥϴżڵĸ˹
λķ׳ʦҪʦϾʲô˶㵺ֵµһֵġ
ǿһɲǣдŭĿ⣬̱ޱȵºͣĸǾޱȡ
˿ֻ̺һ뷨ôôɣ
ϴĽֵܽ컪˳ŵ˫Ҳǵͷϣ
ⲻòúϻԼǲùˣǲ
ƶС
Ҫ״ȴݺݵĵһۣŭȵұ죡
ӵһȣ˲סˡ
Ŀɿڴı֮УɫߵǰЦʺʦݹ㵺ˡĳδԶӭ
þòˣʦǹŵЦ⣬ȥʮζ˵Եƺܲӭǰ
仰˲ͷϸתסʮŻУȵʦ
ʮһ̺š
ǵ㵺磬ͷĴȻһ½˱ϹϾ
鶼̲סɴ۾
ΪϹضܰѳΪǺ̵ܻˡ
ȫû뵽ϾȻͳʶһڳǰԽݣ鲻òԳĿ࿴ˡ
Ȼνƶʡһˣûô򵥡
һԵĳ½ʵҲǵһ֪ʶ˿Ѿȫˡ
ʮ³ɼ󣬼ɫʱŭܵǰͷǸԲ𣡡
Ǹȫҹ£һŭȡ
Щ¸ô꣬ڻƺ͹أˡ
ûŹµģϾţǸ˼˼һ¾ˣû뵽ȴҪġ
֪Լǳ׶ˡ
ʮ£ͷޱȵĳϿҡ
ʦʲôҪͷǵ𣿡³⣬Цʵ
ʦ㻹ҪӹԼ£ڿɲʲôʮˡ
ʦѵǣͷİһ
Ϊ㵺ͷյ鱨ǳ࣬⼸ѾյڳϢ֪Ǳʦǿô򵥡
Ժ϶Դ̬ȣϴν컪绰ʱҪη
ʱע⵽ҹҲ
ƺɫ붼룬϶˳ʦʦֽѵˡ
ʦҪ½ˣʵ
Ȼ㵺Ȩƺܴ󣬵Ҳǳصġ
˭ҵʦŹȥϰȻ֪кμ̣
ߣʦɱʦ˭Ȱòصĺһ
̧ƴʦ۵ӹһĨɵ֮ɫ
ݺ㵺ʮ꣬һǺϴģǾǻƴɺ˻ĳ
ʦΪĪ⣬㵺ͨ죬ΪǳϻƴʦҲǿѹͷߡ
ᰣ߰ɡȴٴˣ᰾Ҫ뿪
᰻ͷ˳½һۣܣڽڶȵĴǢ̸һ¡
ܣ˼ӽ쿪ʼҵҽҩ˾ٴϼŵĻشƷˣϣ⡣½ǿ¶һ˿Ц
ȻۼʶԼ½ѡվߡ
Ͼ˼ʿ㵺ǰң㵺һʦ
ֻɫش㵺
½仰΢΢һ㵣̾˿ֻܸų뿪
Ϲĸں档
߳ҽԺ֮󣬳鲻ãػʵᰣôˣΪ½ٵ̵𣿡
šףһ˿˵㵺ҽҩгͬһʯҪռݶǷǳ׵ģҲҳ½ʹͨ㵺ҽҩг˵̣û˳½İæҪˣҪһˡ




1141¡ǰ
 

һķᣬѾַҪڷϼŶչҹϵʱȣºѡ
ȻѾΪƶʡҵŮʣǿ
㵺ҽҩгڵشͬϼ㵺ôס
㵺ϼſ˵ûκ֮ǰҵ½ĴѾܲ
˵꣬ҲǸǳ鷳⡣
ԼıҲǾ󲿷ֶڵأһЩڵصĴ㵺˵¾Ͳһзˡ
ʱںĺϲԹɫڵʦҵʶһΪṩˡ
Ŷ˭˵תͷϡ
֪㵺ҲͷĴΪڴչֳϵ
϶ЦݵʦþڵأӦò㵺ĸҪƼľ㵺ǰҵĹԣʵ
ԣʵ㵺󸻺֮һСӣʮ꣬ǹµҽҩҵһ顣
ԣʵķչڽҵĴ񾧺ʦĶԣɣһֱѰʵۺҽҩźعܻΪϼŵĴ̡
ȻˣǾʦϵһλܰɡ˵꣬üٴչ
ҲԺϵͷʦ͹Ѱɣξ鷳ˡ
鷳鷳Ͼʹ绰ܡϵô˻ͳύʵǷǳϲġ
ѳʦҺ͹ֻͨѣҪӦشԼչ飬Ҫʦȼ۳롣
ûϵҵϵ飬ȻҪҵϵȻ֪ûѵ͡
˵ĵļ˵ųʦҽϵҲܸߣùүӹò˵Ѿˣ˺üλƴʦ÷βŵסһĴŮ񾧺ʹӹԣ˳ûŲԣʵ֮Ҫǹԣʵ뵽ʦβүӲ󻺽ĻүӺܻܿὫŲ̳иԣʵ
ԭˣˣʦ绰ɡĵطܰﵽԣʵβ滹Ǻܼ򵥵ġ
ϵóֻԣʵĵ绰˵Լ뵽ƶʡǱҽүӿ
ԣʵǳźϵ۹⣬ԺϵݵλҲƭ˱Ӧˡ
ʦ㶨ˣֱܿȥңлҪˡ޷λǰȥϴǸ˵
ᰶ˶ԺϱʾлҪ˹ԣʵϵʽ͹סַ·һƳ̳ҷȥ
Ϊ㵺ǰļ壬ұ㵺̫ƽɽ
ȫ㵺ĺլÿ1ƽ136㵺ϣ㵺ĵضΡ
˰Сʱ֮󣬳ᰲŵұ
վһŮӶ³ӭȥʵλǳҽܲ𣿡
ûǡش
ŮӶòĹ˸ƣپŶλ
ס֣ȥ
һ·ϣǧᰱұĺ𺳵ˣ档
ҲǸ̾㵺޽֮һǰĸסıȫݵλ
ߵſڣѾվһλװġʮˣ΢ЦʺҽܣǺãǹԣʵ
ã
᰷ֱ͹ԣʵ֡
λƽ׽˵Ĵ󸻺֮ӣһӶûУóΪ⡣
֮ǰǸǷǳᰵġ
ʦ˵ҽҽ߳ƶʡǱ߷ǳһû뵽ҽΪ֪ҽѧҽҽԣʵһ˵ţһ߰ѳ
ѧҽҪơƽ͵Ĵ
ԣʵҽ΢΢һ㵡
ҽѾǳû䣬ر㵺ֹʻУǼûҽ
ԣʵԼҲǲҽ棬ϳôᣬòɡ
ֻǺϽģүѾˣֻҽ˹ԣʵǾóһԡ
λȺȱ衣ԣʵʮֵλȳº󣬱㿴ԱһӶˣȥүӳ
ǡӶ˵ͷ¥ȥ
˼үܲ춼˯ߣƽʱ˻ƴʦʲô˶ԣʵε˵
һΪ죺ܣƴʦϿ𣿡
仰ԣʵɫ΢΢һ䡣
ΪĻڱɻƴʦβûá




1142¡Ķ
 

ʵԣʵԼҲڰɻƴʦķβ
Ϊүÿûƴʦβֻ֮мʱþʵȴ·عⷵգܿͻ±һϢ״̬
ƴʦÿβҪȡ߶𣬽ֹڣѾǹҼˡ
ùԣʵò²⣬ƴʦܸܿûҪκүӵĲǳûǹҵǮơ
ֻǻƴʦ㵺ģ˭Ҳûƴʦүβ
ҽ˵ƴʦֻ΢Ұֻⲡ飬ƴʦķȷʵ֮ÿζۿƴʦʩԣʵʵش
Դӿĳĵ÷ֽҩ֮󣬳ͲŻƴʦβˡ
˼֪ԣʵĻû֮Ҳ˶Իĳı俴
οڳУĳһλòȻɫӲš
ʱ᰿ڵӦûôɣܣǿ̸̸ڻشҽҩ𣿡
ʱȣ᰾ڹұԣʵʼ֡
Ȼԡԣʵ᰿ͷ̸ʵϰﲻæҪܲκ׵Ĳ
᰺͹ԣʵ׼ֺʱͻȻڵ߽һɫְװŮˡ
ŮӼͦȧǸʣһֺǿƵŮǿˡ
ԣʵ˵˸ҽֿŮһžͳŹԣʵʵ
񾧻ԣʵĲɵý
û뵽ϢôͨǰŲŰѳ񾧺ž͸ؼˡ
϶ǱĳӶ˸ͨ籨š
һֱڹĶǣԣʵƵһҹĲһֱǹڴ
ƴʦҲǹġ
ڹԣʵһҽ൱ں͹ԡ
㣬λҽƶʡǱߵҽѧţͨҽڵطǳĲƷشǳҽзģ˳ҽֿԣʵʵʵĻشȻҲҺ͹񾧶ӡ
ҽǲǽƭ˸ֿҪ֣ıŲǰɣ񾧵Ļ̣Ȼ͹ԣʵûʲôˡ
ҡԣʵȴһ䶼ҷ
״һŮʿΪҽƭӣѵʲôƴʦ÷βͿףҿνĻƴʦǽƭӣ
˵ʲô־ŭ
û뵽㵺˸ɻƴʦ
ǲҪˣ
ԣʵҽСƴʦɣ㻹ȥҪûƴʦ֪ˣٸβȫ㸺𣡡
˵¸߸Ь˫ֱۣɫվţһ߸ϵ̬
ԣʵɫͱȽѿˡ
óᰳȥĻ൱ⳡŲս֮Уȫܸ˴㡣
ԣʵŲ񾧾Ҫ쭡
ʱ߽һװӡ
Ӵһ˿۾ȥ˹ģȴһ˿ֵ֮
ȻҲһλԸǿƵ
ԣɣʦʦôҲˣӽ񾧲ʵ
˹ӾǹĴӹԣɣԹ񾧵ʣԣһЦ㶼ܴл֤ȯԶܻôܻ
Ǻǣ԰ֿġ֪ͷ潻˵ΪʦĶܣı̡
ԣɳϷͥһƤ˿Ϊ˫ֲܹԣʵ
ԣʵȴ㻹ģƴʦβҲҽһˡ
磬һֱڿŲɣԣʵԹԣɣûôˡ
ԣүӵŲҲǹ֪顣
ԣϸһĨЦʦҽտ϶ȬģҿŲʲôãˣôλ
ϼܲᰣҼϯҽʦᰲȹԣʵܣȿڡ
ԣʮƯŮ˶ˣᰵľòֻ΢΢죬ȤԱǸˡ
˵㼯ŵλϯҽʦƶǵƳڵƷشзʮһֽҩҩҽѧš
ԣЦЦĿ޵漴һת
˵ҽƶش۸ΪԪûкúʮһҩרֵҵ˵һͿϼűضܹһ¥
㵹ͦ˽ҡϼŵ飬ûκιϵ죬ֻܸүӿġ
һ䣬¥Ӷ˷һ׷ԲԵˣС¥ݡ
ϺѪɫ۾ţƺ۵ûУҲ֪ѻǻجج״̬




1143¡β
 

֣ױ̧¥񾧡ԣɺ͹ԣʵʺ
ƺһûŮǵʺֻǷº˯ѡ
ҽҰβɡԣʵŴͶ棬¾˵
Ѿʮ꣬С󶼱񾧺͹ԣɴѹƣҲΪǹĶӡ
ʱƴһˣ
ܹκùĻԣʵ֪Լ̳мҲļʿ϶١
ȵȣ
ڳȡ룬׼Ƶʱ򣬹񾧺͹ԣ˾Ȼֹͬ
ֻĿĵųҽҰǻƴʦĲˣҪǸҸҰβĻǹĲ㣬㻹㵺һĻƴʦ㲻ҪĻ;ԣ
ԣҽǸһ𣿡ԣƽ˿۾һʮרҵĿ˵ҽǸҰֵĲһ⣬Ҿ㵺ģϼʮΡ֪Ҵʦְҵʮ꣬ûһ˾
ڹ񾧺͹ԣɫвȴǲΪ⡣
ǵ͹ԣʵҵϵĽס
κùĲԣʵϼŴ㵺ҽҩг
ʲôӵŲ飬һ㶼ġ
ܣĲҸβԣʵﲻһ˿ʵ
ʵԲܹ񾧺͹ԣɵвֱβ
ǹ񾧺͹ԣɿ϶һЩ鷳
Щ鷳ȻԳɲ̫вùԣʵæõġ
ҽ㾡βʲô£ȫ㵣ţԣʵҧ˵
׵Ļȥˡ
ԣʵ㵣𣿡ԲЦ
ܴܵС͵С£ηηհǰ˺ʲôʱôˣ
ԣҲĮ˵ԣʵҪβ⣬ɲҪҴף֪ʲôʦ
˵ˣôҲûҵ׵ܣһųҽκðֵĲȰȬҼ̳˵ĴλҲһ֣ԣʵ˵仰۾е㷢ˡ
ߣƾ㣿񾧲мЦ
ԣʵǰԶǸĵܵܣˣԣǼм֮ɫ
ԣʵȴǿҲ磬ɫĿҽɣ
ͷһס룬һ߿͸ͫ
͸֮ͫ£ֹѾӽݽˡ
кüĥ˵缲򲡡ѪѹĲȵȡ
ܻڶ漣
λƴʦڹһܹùάܣǶԹĸ겡һöûС
Ϊƴʦ÷βʱֲַ̫ڣԹɲСˣ˸ٵήϻ
˳һʱҪģƴʦķ
ָ뻮һĻߣظϵĸҪѨʼʩơ
ɽ֮ǳܹóġ
˹񾧺͹ԣ˶м֮ɫ
ƴʦ޷ǵĸ׿
һҽʩչһЧ
ԣʵǽŵñˮʪ·ɰܣȫ˾ˡ
Ϊ֪ٴμֻشˣ£ҽι⡣
ҳõĻǶҽ룬ʩչʱ°빦ǰβٶҪࡣ
Լʮ֮󣬹ܿүϵ룬ƮΪ档
ѵҽҽ棿
ڳĶɽ֮£ԭѪɫȻתǵ˫Ҳࡣ
ᰣһŻشҡһ߰γ룬һ߶֡
ᰴְȡһŻشݸЯԱʱ֮ġ
شֱӰС
ɣ
ıɱҰ𣿡
񾧺͹ԣ뾪
ԣʵҲ¶֮ɫ
֮ǰүһֱˮײϵͳˣ뿿ӪҺά
óȻүӷҩıɱ졣
ȻֹܶͰѻشȥ
ܷģϼŵĻشڼ˺үӡһԽ͵
񾧺͹ԣҪŭȴ׵ѹˡ
ô£ҵԴһˣκҵĲųɤɳơ־ϲ˵
ɫƽĵͷûҡ
֪ܶϴүӿ˵ʲôʱˣ׷ݵһǰ
кתԣɶʱϲʤ֣Ĳˣ




1144¡
 

Ҹо˺ܶࡣȻ˵е㲻ڣ˵ľȷʵȻһ£ٲˡ
ƺĻָ񾧺͹ԣʮֳԾͬʱϵıҲЩÿ
ΪζŲļƻˡ
λСҽδմ΢΢ס֣ɫʮּ
Ȼ⼸һֱججоԼ嶼ˣǲȫɥʧ
֪Լһֱҩͻƴʦ
ȴ˲Ȭ֪ζųҽ϶ǳʥˮƽ
ãҽгƶʡϼŵϯҽʦ
ֻǵĻشȻɵĽһŻס
ҽԭ㻹һλҽҽʵ̫ˣǳлκҵĲǹұضسл˿̺޲ǩһżڵ֧Ʊ
ϾȻˣóڵҲʲô
ϣҾӹԣʵϼŻش㵺̣شҲǸղµĵҩƽĽ͵ڹ廹δȫԭҪÿշûشһţش١ǿǵĹЧԼһ֮󣬹ȴǰҪ
شô棿¶Ŀ⣬Ȼֿ˿СӣԣʵǺøԺһҪúôشҲ֧㣡
л֣ԣʵȵľǸ仰
֮ǰһֱڵһĻᡣ
һжΪ
ҽ̫лˣܺϼʲôҪ󣬶ܸᣡԣʵõүӵ֧֣˵ʮ㡣
񾧺͹ԣɵɫ׳ȥ
΢΢ЦڵһҪùϺһμҽҩᣬڷϰæش
֮ҪΪǵ㵺
Ϊ㵺ǰĴ壬һ֮òƴʦΪţʹ㵺ˡ
ùڷ˿ͻȻýʱûϼŵĻشЧԼֵһϣ
û⣬ǳҽȻһҰæһ»شҲӦõġԥĴӦ
ó̫ˡ
֣ȵȣͻȻڡ
üͷŮô
֣֮ǰһֱǻƴʦβͻȻ˵ǻشκĲȫƴʦӣ̫ðɡ˵
Ů˵صĺһ񾧣ΪҲ֪ƴʦβʵͼıҵŲ浱һڼʲô֪ǲǣͻĳҵ棬ηҵŲΪû
Ȼɫ䣬һ
ܣƴʦ˵ģ
֮ǰΪлƴʦ֤񾧲Ÿô޼ɵ
ǰҲΪĳޱߣû뵽һλ̰ƺɫ֮ͽͻĳ֮£Ҳ֪һ񾧣ӽ쿪ʼ㲻Ůˣһϣͻĳıƺ
֣˲ȫһƬλӸλꡢ㵺ڽŮǿˣ˿ȴ޴롣
ԣǹһֻĻȣ֣ʦɡ
۹ԣɣȴûӦǶԿһֱվڲԶһλ֡
ߵߣԹ˼䡣
λߵĶֻгõиζЦ⡣
ԣоܲԾ
ǹҵĹܼң˹ܶ꣬ܶҪһ塣
ǹڼεˣ£ύȥ
갲Ķ֮󣬹гŭĵŹԣɣ˵
֣ĲպãˡԣʵϽүӵı
ܲ𣿡ѵĿ˵ԣʵ㣬ĴͶ綼ıҵĲƲҲͱТӻٵ
ԣһֱ³ǿһ˿Цݵ֣һֱТ˳ôıĲƲأ
ߣ
ǣ硣ҹܼҰͷȻĮĿԣɣүүزڼ䣬ǱүӷƽⱣ䣬óүӵд۸ģȻأϧȫ
ʲôԣкһ£ȫѪҺԸӡ
ʧҡҡͷԣɣ㲻øҵʦˣǸԼ绤ɡ
Ȼλ㵺ǰϸ׼ְŮͽˡ
ù΢οǣСӹԣʵʵûɳΣ顣
ⳡŴϷĳᰣ˶һۣò̾ϵ




1145¡չͻ
 

Źһ£߽װڣѹ񾧺͹ԣ˴ˡ
ڹ㵺һδȨʼ
ŲңóҽܼЦˡŮ֮󣬿ᰣ̾Ϣ˵
ɫȻĿڵʱֹûɴνʧ֪Ǹ
ҽľǸߣĳ󲡳ãСԣʵλشɣķᣬϼչ֮ұȥ
˵ͷӦ
ֿСӹԣʵһ֧Ʊһ֧ʸҡ
õģ֡ԣʵ˳ĴӦӻȡһſͷ֧Ʊһֱ֧ʡ
ӹ֮ˢˢˢдһ֣Ű˸㡣
ҽǹĳСС꣬ɾ⡣
ĽڣɵðҾǲƴ֣һ˦Ǽڡ
ΪԼҲӦôǮԣʵǺɱȻǲġ
˳Ťİ֧ƱϣǾˡ
áãҽߣԣʵúдλӽ쿪ʼϼžǹҵĺ飡Цͱ
Ȼǹ㵺ǰļԭϼš
ǹóǱǳ޴Զҽ߳ô򵥡
˹ȥ֮ǰһıжǿȻûԤôǿҲһύ
߳ұϹԣʵĺҽҩľٰص㿪ȥ
ܣҵҽҩ˾ڷҲһϯ֮أʱǵչҿһˡԣʵ߿˵
һɹܰš˵ţóֻϼפ㵺۾˸绰
ԭش㵺ֵǳ½æģڳ½жϺֵǱߵ۾ֻܹرյţԱͻشƷȴᰵָʾ
۾ԱͻشƷǰҽҩᣬֱȥҹԣʵҽҩ˾չ
Ը֮᰺ͳԣʵĳԼʮӺ̫ҽҩսԷչľٰص㡣
㵺лչģչĵĽǷչᣬӿиĻʮֺΰ
չԱ߾ѤõάǸۣۿҲ㵺ľ֮һ
۲ԡִͧѲصάǸۣ˵ǳᣬҲ֮ϡ
ҽܣԣʵųᰶ߽չġ
ʱҽҩἴʼչ̫ĸҽҩţҽҩרҡѧߡӢ
һװĵĻ˺ڸ̸ۣ۵ǹǰ˵ҽҩѧŶ̬
֮⣬ҽҩȫԼչڳзҩƷƷչһЩѧģվչ̨ǰͷ㣬Աмɷá
չĳڳУһݵĻǾǡ߶ˡ
ͬʱҲóᰵĲ飬Ĵ
Ͼǻ˼̫ҽѧרˡ
ôҽѧרڳͲż֮ǶᰵĲ޲ߡ
ҽܣߡԣʵ˴˾չ
ʱѾ۾ϼŵԱչڷŻشչ
ܣϼ쵼۾æԱǹʺ
ᰵ˵ͷˡ
ࡢ࣡ǣȻΪ㵺ҵ˷ܲѡ
׼͹ԣʵ·ʱһͻȻһ󼱴ٵĽŲ
һȺװӲŷƤЬڵ߹
һ˾ǳҽԺҹ飬½Ҳ˹
˭˽ģһ߹ʦ
֪Ҫμӷᣬ˽Լſš
Ϊ¿ǹԣʵģ㲻ܽȥ֪ͨˡ
ʿҽǹҵĺѣѾҵҽҩ˾ɺʲô𣿡ԣʵǰҺ潻棬ȴǵʮ㡣
Ƴ˹ԣʵһۣһЦƾ㣬ܴ˹ң㵺˭֪ǹĶӣҪһܿǸӡ
һȺ£ȫ޼ɵЦ
ΧҲƮĿ⡣
㵺ǰӵܷͻкϷˣ
ȻչЩʿԣʵضѹ
Ϊԣʵǹӵܣȴҵ黹ǻƴʦͽܣ⻹ôȣ
ĹԣʵȻи׳뵽ļ˿ȷʵеˡ




1146¡Ὺʼ
 

ϼŵĻشȫͰȥסԣʵ֮󣬴һӣҪǶ֡
ʱվ˳飬һԣ
ΪϵǹôͿһ١ٶǰɣ鿴ųһĲмҸ㣬ԣʵֻǹҵһѣϣҴˣ
ΪҪ̹ԣʵǾʹشˣ飬ҳ̴Լ
˵仰Ȼųʰĺ⡣
ĳ᰸װԵͦΡ
ټϳûȫϢԵúɣ߸ϣǰ㵺ܳĴ鶼ѹһͷ
Χ档
ĸĹӣôôǿ
ʿѹȥˣϡ氡
Һ֣
᲻ƶʡܳǸ
ûԭ˾ǳƶʡҽѧţ㵺ʿ¿Ϸǳˣ
ЩĶУɫ
һҽҲᲢۣ
鿴ƶʡ㵺
㻹ʲộȻ֪ȴһ˿ɵûУҽʲôܳ׿ԺȣҲ缶ҽѧ־Ϸƪģһҽ˫ޣ̳ʦƴʦ²ʲôȣ
ⷬԾʮе
ʿǾҽҩЭ֤ģ
ݶʿģȷʵ缶ˮƽ
˼һǻƴʦĸͽҽѧ˵֢βȷʵȲˣ
ڳڶҽѧרңΪռѹơ
֮£Ǹûҽѧж
Щ¶Цݡ
ʦôҽǲԶˣ
ȺͻȻ˷һʣҼǵóзʮһֽҩҩ𣿡
ԣҺҲ˵
һʯǧˣ˷׷зҩ
ôһҽ˵зʮһҩȷʵƵҽѧķṦΰˡ
ͻȻһѹۣΪʮһҩǳзģƶʡҽѧоԺ;ҽԺԺѵĹͣ
ҲͰæֶѣ
Ǿŵ䷢ʵҵһС𣿡
Ļڳҽѧרͷͬ
ֻҪ΢е˼óƾһܹзʮһҩ
̫ˣ
ڳǰʡμҽ飬Ϊάѹڳȴһ֪
飬̫ˡҡҡͷҹɣӰϼչش
㣡˲˫Ŀ
Ϊϳѹ˳
ȴû뵽ںмһˡ
ƫƫһ֣֪ԼôҲκβ˳
ҳĻشڹҩչչ˳һʱ仹óûʲô취
ߣҿ˭ῴҽƭƳҩƷѹסŭҽҩĻȥ
Χ˼ֶ˵ˣӾȻûз쭰ѳȥһ˾Ծʮϡ档
˵ϼŲչҩƷҽѧרҶ֮Աǡ
ҩڵҽҩûκελϼžȻõִͷչֻ˳Ц
ǲںЩҽѧרҵĿԵ֣΢ЦᰣҪʼˣǺ͹ܽȥɡ
š󷽵ۣסĸ첲˲߽
ʱѾ̫ҽҩͷҵרң˵£ʽʼ
̫ҽҩЭĻ᳤̨һЩ滮ԡսԵݣú棬ȴûʲôȤ
̨ˣҲΪߣڵڶλ
̨ҵ羫ӢʮĽ˼Ȼ㵺ǰҴٵݣлƴʦλ㵺һˣҽѧˮƽҲ̫μ⣬ڶ̨ݽû˸Ҳ
УϾǷ̫ܳҽѧˡ
ǸոչǸԵڵҽʵ۵λ治ʿȡ
ֻ̨˵һƯķϻ֮ͻȻһתìͷָҽ
λҵѣ֪ʱҽΪҽѧѾҷǳʹĵǣֱջĳЩҽҩҵҽĻƭƣ




1147¡ʵ֤
 

˻һ˲ȫһƬȻ
˭˭
ĸҩ󻹸ҽƭ
ʿعһƣ
µķңǳ⣬¶һ˿ЦݵҶҽʹʿο˵ҽҩҵƶʡϼţ
仰һ
֪һ˵
ᰵɫҲ˲˪
㵺μҽҩᣬΪʱŬܵõҵϿɡ
û뵽ȴ֮£ϼųʸ֮ġ
ϣĵĿ⳯߿
һԵĹԣʵȻǱԵ壬˿ȴձ
Ȼǹ㵺ǰĴ壬ҲҺǵҽҩԿ
ϼžȻҽƭˣ
˵ϼƶʡͷҵǴƶʡǱҽѧķ𣿡
ôƯƶʡ̽Ůʵλӣҿǿҽƭ˵ģ
ΧԽԽᰵɫҲԽԽˡ
Ҳ̲ȥڵ飬˵ҽƭˣͻƴʦνķβʲô⽨ţ
סڣʦȨ˿վڸ߸ߵĽ̨ϣоԼռϷ硣
һ̣ʱ˺ȫվһߡ
ʦ÷βֻشۼ֤ģִֻҽѧûﵽоβԭʦǿַ⣿˵Լʦһɽ֮Ȼ
ĻҲڳƵƵͬ
ǰȻǸ㲻ƴʦβԭ˼ÿγֱضҩ㵺֪
˵ƴʦʿڷβⷽ涼ʮ־ͨʿι
Ҳ֤ʿַ
ڳҽѧרҶҽ֮Աǣȴνķβĵĳޡ
еҽѧרɣҲҵ˵
Ϊ㵺ֻǴ̫μӷģ֪㵺кܶﲻҺͻƴʦ
ô֧飬Цҡҡͷ
ʵ̫ˣ
Ķ̫ҽѧרңȻνķβ
ԻĴǧĹ屦ҽһضûС
̫óʧˣ
㻹ʲô˵ͱ˵ʵûеĻ͸ҹᣬҵȨҽѧᣬӭҽƭӣ
ȷʵûʲô˵ģһʵ֤ҽǧǰеִʼõҽѧվͦص˵
˵úã
볰Цһʱȴһʮ
̨ϵ̨˵Ŀ⣬ſڿȥ
һһˣ
˾Ȼ㵺󸻺֮һĹ
ôˣ
˵үӲڴϼ𣿡
ǰôڹϾôã·ˣ˵ô㣬Ƶģ
ųеһ𣬾㲻ʶҽѧרңҲ֪˭ˡ
ڳĸλҽѧϵĴţ֪ܹҽѧ漣
ѵ漣Ϊƴʦķβ
˵˼λƴʦβκˣ
ƴʦȻޱֻ̤߰ŹصĹ϶ȵû
ʿʦ̫ˣ
ЩȴǲһӦΪ֪ľΡ
ʦ͹Ů񾧺ıȡŲ飬Ҳ֪һ
֪ʦεúùҲùȬ
ҼڲƲòˡ
ҽϹղǾ仰黳ɹʵΪ˳ģľɲ
Ҷˡ
ڰĸ£Ľý߽
һֱʮ㣬Ȼ״̬ʮá
ҵĲʵǻĳκõģһĳɥȪ
ʲô
ĻͬڷһذըȻ󲨡
㵺󸻺֮һ˵Ļ˵ǶԻƴʦǳصָˡ
㲻㵺Ƶˣ֪һû̵Ĵս졣
Ϊһ仰Һͻƴʦ˲ͱͬˮ
ϣ⻰ʲô˼üͷʵ
ûлش𣬶ǴһλߣźЦڵҪлλҽͻشκҵĲñħĥ˼ңһ֮临ԭ
ǳκ˹ϵĲ
仰Чӱը֮䣬ֳĿ۶
ûһ˸ţľҽ
Ϊ̫ˣһҽ
һ֮䣬ܽнľĹϾȻ
Ļƴʦˣ




1148¡β
 

ǹΪ㵺󸻺֮һȨӹɵġ
Ȼ˵ԼĲκãǱ˲òš
һֳ̣ʼˡ
ҽѧרҿųĿ⣬ȫһ
κùҽѧ漣
뵽֮ǰзʮһҩţǿʲôҽѧоԺ;ҽ
пλҽɡ
˲䷴ת
ڳҽѧרұвνķβΪҽҪ
ֻǰҺͻƴʦҰɱ϶ѡ
ŹԳ֤ҽѾһЩҽѧרΪҽã˽ύ˼
˵зʮһҩƾκùҽѧרǾͿóǰ;δ̫ܿҽѧ
ҳѧĻҽȻҽνҽѧƭֻ֣شЧζҽѧ缴һ߸Եĸ
϶ⳡߡͷˣ
ʶδɹҽѧרǣҲ˳Ϊⳡҽѧߵ뷨ǿɲΪԳҽƫԼʱ
ۿҽѧר߹ȥͳύ̨ϵˡ
ⳡҽҩǣôܱȥȫͷ
λѵǵƾƬ֮ʣҽСκùϵĲ
Ļ˳ɢȥ̨˵Ŀת
λѣǶҽΣж󣬶֮ǰҵʦƴʦθϿѾκˣֻȡʦҽƳɹҽƭӶѣ
Ȼڿ˵ҽƭӣôҵ綥ҽѧרǵķβãǲһȣ
ᰰæȡҩܺҽѧרǵƬԼ򻺻̨ȥ
Ҫұβߣȡ裡û뵽ڹܹעҽҩϣȻҶ
ⲻȡʲô
һЦҾҲҴӦ
ԭǲмͳȽϵģǿ̨ôҽѧרڴĿ⣬ʶóɨصĺûᡣ
ʰǵʦ𣬷Ҫһ
Ⱦͱȣҽ÷˭βʮš
ȻҽҽЩ˽⡣
֪ҽβôЧ
ûƴʦڵķβͼӰЧ
һԱȣͺˡ
ܺá¶ɫȻ̨£λ˷ðߵССѣܷԸ£̨æ
ҽ⼸ظðǱβһλȥеֵר̨
״¶мɫСҲֵҳ֣
ʿССܵĪΪβظðβã⼥м
˫ָڱһ˵ظð˷ʮȣҶȵû
УǾʿȳְɡʮǫõ˵
ͫһʵҪκ˵ظðٳֻô֤ҽҸߣ
ֱκظðҵ䣬ԡĵĵ
仰ͷˡ
̨µҽѧרǶó˾δЩд
Ȼвνķβʿô˵㵺һҽѧ̳θظð
ɫȡһŷֽдʣȻҪʩרβˡ
ɴ۾
ҽѧרҶǴϹμ㵺ҽѧᣬνķβѾá
ܹۼ֤˭ҲԸŹһ˿ϸڡ
ֻ귨֮еĻɫֽȻƮУȻȼ
̨һ̾
ƾһ֣Ϳ֤νˡ
õ˻ƴʦ²С
ϵıӵˣ˸ָָһŷֽɵĻרҵȥ˲Īרڡ
ֻȴһӣظðͿȬָص˵
ʦ͸βЧһŷֽ԰ΰٲһЩ֢
Ǻܶ˿ʼʱ䡣
Уרҵ岻ð·ɢһ
ͬʱרҵɫԽԽˣ૶ҵͷΡ
ʱһʱꡣ
ܣרҵظðûȬмصļһ˵òװİɣ
ʿֳôҽѧרҿţûװŴҶóǹϷʵĻȡ
仰˵ƿԡ




1149¡ҩش
 

ȷʵ˭˵רװĻǾ൱ڱ¶Լˮƽ
ڵĽˣķûκרҵظð
˲
ȫ벻ķֽΪʲôûЧֻܰŻȥ֮ʦ
ߣβõĲҽεúãĿų뿴ǰҽƭӻγ
һΪķֽΰٲأظðβãҲ˼ҽ
ļȥ̨µĹԣʵ
ܣ鷳ȥչһлشƷ
ڳľٶ˶⡣
ԭΪҪʩչҽֶΣרظð
û뵽ȴòƷ
ѵνĻشƷεظðɣ
һмЦ
ղʩרβʱóרڻأܿķֽûЧԭ
Ȼ֪شЩҩɣǵƷȻǴϻ֮ظð߷ãǲǼز
ƾһ㣬;óҽ
ܳ뿿ҽƫʤһ鷴ó֤Լҽƭӡ
ܿ죬ԣʵԱȡһлش֮óһŵݸǸרҡ
ȥһҩĿǷǳš
רҽӹشȴеɡ
ղŪòأеԲˡ
ҽҪòƷһѩϼ˪ܿܵ
λרңųҽҵĲǷûشκõġʱ̨¹
㵺󸻺˵רҧҧش븹С
ڣ¶һʿֱ
ҪԶ룬רǷһʱȬ
Ҳ׷óԼı
һӵʱúܿ죬רҾղǰ㣬岻ð
ȰרҺ޲ȫ·
˿ȴûиоͷԽԽΣκβĵطƮƮȻģޱȡ
̶һʱ䣬רҳһȺ·ʪ͸ˡ
ʱ䵽ʧˣ
΢΢һЦȷ
˵ıֺ͸ղһģһûкã㡱
Ҹоȫˣ
黰δ˵꣬ͱרҴϡ
ڲٸоͷηȣ֫ӦþǻشҩЧˡ
شô棿
̨һĲ˼顣
ܣظðԲƷֻأôõģ־ŭĽе
ôܣʼձŵļмЦ⣬ʿѵλظðû¾֪ˡ
ߵרǰ̽רҵ£漴Ǵ֮ɫ
ĺˣ

̨±һǿҵľ̾˶ĻشҩЧ𾪵ˣ
ҩƷһκظðδţδ
ҪǴȥĻǺ䶯ȫ㵺Ĵţ
㵺ǰ帻زҲǷûش֮Ȭ»ش㵺
̨»ҽѧרҲţȥרҵظðûкá
̨֮ЩҽѧרҲǳ׶Գˡ
ҽشֹֻشֱɵ
һκظðԳƵҽѧ漣ˣ
ش϶ܹɣٹҲܱҩЧ̫ˣ
̨һ䣬΢ЦڵλרңϼųҽзĻشһֻԪ
ʲôԪ
ΪԼĶˡ
ĻشȻֻԪ
ô˵Ļشضͬһǿ쫷ɨ㵺̫ȫĲƷг
ô棬Ц
ֻ֪ûעͨشֲ֪α飿
ڶҽѧרҶԳͻش޲ڵʱһͻȻغ㲻Ҫ̫⣡ƳĻشһССȫ㵺Ĵﻼ֢Ҫʦʩβ
ôʦ˼ζ޷ȬĹϣ˭κõأŪ㷴ʵ
鱻ʵȻһϣ˼ҧгݵĵֻϹèӰˣ㵺ҵҺͻƴʦҸ㣬Q˶ˣ
ݻżﳤȥ
һҽѧרҶΪ
ǿǻҽѧҪΪͻƴʦӢţǾ̫ϧˣ
ȻĹվڳߣʦ㵺һʦĳ
ƴʦԳ棬ɱˣ㵺κνڼ嶼ֹˡ
ҽʿûʦƶʡɣ˾鷳ˣ
ҽѧרǷ׷Ȱ˵뿪㵺
֪ЩҽѧרΪãȴҡҡͷЦĳʲô㵺˾ݵĻƴ飬Ҳֺ壡




1150¡ǧŵһ֢
 

ڽһָλɽʦҲڼ֮ǰѡ
ʦڽϵȻԣȴʤȦľߡ
㵺һ鵯֮أѵĵһʦܱȵùʦɣ
ȻҲ᳹ӻĳֻĳΪΣҪԼжϳ
ƴɶϵĻڳ˾δ̫дˡ
ƴˣô֮ȣ
ֻ˵ƶʡǱߵȦһλȴ֪ϵ顣
Ϊ¾ͺͺʡҽάѹˡ
λһ飬Эһ¡ҲܽķǲҪȥ
ҪǲᰵĲ
ҽѧרĻ׷׻Ӧҽ˵ǾԸЭ
ЩרǴ඼Ͻһ֪ʲô鷳顣
ܹϳĻǾ൱ںλƴʦҽϽ飬Ժˡ
һ£֯䣬ᰵĹ첡ϸһ
û˵᰻ֲֹĳλŮӴ档
ķǳж֪չ
ϾûĸԸ⵱ô˵棬֪Լ˹ֲ䵽ݵλ
ҽѧרȫ˳˼üͷ壬˼
˵ʵ̫ˣֱҽѧķ룡
оרңʮҵϹ֢ûֲֹ
еҽѧרһóֻ¼ĳЩڲʿܽⲡվѯ
ҲеĴ绰ԼҽԺҽԺְæֲ顣
ӹȥʮӹȥʼû˿ڻش
ó΢΢һ˿ʧ
ҽ˼˵ֲ̫ˣĴֲֹǧŵһ֢
ǰоҽʮˣʲô֢ǵأ벻ʲô
ҽˡΪҲƲ
λûֲֹˣһ䡣
һҽѧרҷ׷ҡͷ˲ס̾Ϣ
ҽǻȥٰһ飡
ûлӦϱҲһֱ仯ȴȺ̫ҽѧרҳײϣˡ
Ϊаҽ˶ϲᰵĲ飬ЩҽѧרҾ͸ܡ
ֻܼϣԼҽܷнһͻơ
ĬĬš
һֱаҽиβʱ̤Լĵһˡ
λаҽȻҽ˫ѵĹµһˣ
λаҽҽȫܱԽġ
ΪаҽˣõȫУĿԡ
ȻҪԽаҽǺѡ
Ĭ߹֣ʾҪ̫Ĳ顣
΢΢һЦᰣ߰ɡ
ܣǼŻشչ飬ͷæˣ
ҽҩٰ죬ҲʱشԷڷչǸǳõᡣ
ټϹҰæźܿشͿ㵺
ҽģһúشԣʵæӦ
ʵ֪ԼԺ󶼲ȱǮˡ
Ϊ类֮ǹҲƲΨһļ̳ˡ
ȻԺȱǮԣʵΪԼӦעصľԼ
شҩش۸һϲϼѲƷ
ԣʵΪش㵺̣㵺ȫۻشԿΪһ
ϣټ
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ʱͻȻѵϣᣬ˵ƴʦҲȥҽȥμӣʱƴʦĻɲ̫




1151¡
 

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1152¡
 

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1153¡
 

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1154¡
 

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1155¡ҵƷ
 

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1156¡ӿ
 

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û뼸λܽύһͻȻһ٬ⲻƶʡŮܲúͳ´ҽʦ𣿡
ķȥֻǱվżλӸģ꣬ÿ߶һλԸеŮ飬ĳλŮ㵺֪Ůǡ
ԣʵ˵֮˺󣬵üͷ骣벻Ҫ˵
ղſڵĹӸͽв骣ļܼ㵺̽Ҳоصĵλ齻ãǱߵ
ҲΪʲôԣʵ֮󣬶˵ܲ
˵Ϣˣһƶʡˣ⵹Ͷ磬ıҼҲ˲𰡣Ц
仰ǳڳԣʵˡ
˵֮߼ӸԸŮ鶼εЦ
㣡ԣʵʱһŭ٣Ȱ˵ע㣡
Ǻǣⲻǳ𣿡˵ţͼӸһ߹
ҽС㣬ܸʶǡ߹󣬺ʿĶ֡
ȴ˿ӣĿѾ
˶֪˼Ҫǽύʾ
骳˸ŸҲֿԱ߼λܣܡܣгܣλʱƵһܣŽӦ֪ЩܽύЩӦñ־롣
仰λɫ΢΢һ䡣
Ƕ֪ᰵҺͻƴʦ
˾ǹҵҵ飬Ҳϼߵ̫ǻ
λһ˼ɵӣһ㺮˪俴˲һۣȻԳ˵ǹȥǱ߿ɡ
ܣҴǹȥԣʵҲ˵ʲôĴȷʵЩΡ
Ҫ᰽ʶ㵺̽Ĵֱǳ͵йҼ̳˵ݣҲǷǳ
ߵһžͶǰһĸȻĺġ
ойԣʵʶܣ˱ָ᰽ˡ
ضԵļܵûйô࣬᰻ʶһ£ּġ
һܶĵЦǺǵ˵ܣܣߣһ




1157¡ׯҳǧ
 

ǰǰܺͳէһ㵺ĶĻǼڣ֤ܹܽӮӮҲʮ鷢롣
Ȧ˵ľ־ͺ;ƾһǴٽϵһֶΡ
رǵЩ㵺ļһζľӮʲô¡
뵽ԺЩֺȷʵӦǵ롣
ǿǵԼľ֣һֱĻһСĺܿȥǧ޷ܵġ
ᰣĻҿġʱ΢Цڵ
˵ֶ¿ĵˡ
߶㵺ϰڣЩ˵Ǯ׬ײ׬
ŵᰵͷӦ
ܺͳˬ죡ǼףҶ䲻ˣģ
ȻǶĳˣţɫһµġ
ȻǽȷʵܺãĿǰΪֹѾӮǧÿǰĳѵ÷·һСɽ
ףȷס
׼ʱһԱߴ˹
һǲ㵺ү
٣ǹҵѻ࿪Цǲ̫ˣԣʵ
ǹЦûô£ͱôţöۣ
λܲ骣ǿʼɡԣʵûүӵĶᣬһҪ͵͵ٵ͵
ǰѲ骵СȻҲȥ
һ֮󣬱᰿ʼע
ֻ룬骺ߵļӸ綼¶мɫ
һҲ˼ʼߺŶģһһǧ룡˦һŽ𿨣ϡ
ɫĽӹȥѸٻóŵǰĶ
߼һ΢΢üͷ
ҲҪģ
ôһǧ㻨Ǯ治𣿡һĿ˵
ԣʵһֳ٣ҼǵǲֶܼĳĹɷݰɣչأݲܲľ֡
˼һׯϳǧ骲мĿ˳ǰĳһۣΪ룬ֵҴֽ𣿡
ܣȻô˵ǾͷĵĶİɡܾòܼΪ㵺壬ĵ顣
ǶϵĶľֿʼˣׯҺɹٶʮҡӡ
ֶľֺܼ򵥣ǸӵС
͸ͫһ¾Ϳӵĵᰰһ붼ѹС档
ԣʵͼҲǸѹС
߶ѹСϺܶ˶ѹ
ֻвӹһĨײĵ֮ɫׯҼѵǰһ̣һǧѹڴϡ
Ȼ۾⿴˺ɹһۣǺɹᣬƲ˲ĳأ̱˴
״۾΢΢һС
Ȼׯڲ骵֮£ǧˣ
ѵмҵǷģ޷ͨĻı档
޷ֹׯҳǧ

ѱɹٴ򿪣˾һʧ֮ɫ
ǲ˵ҪҽС㶵ôһξǰѱˣϷʵЦ
ܵɫеΣϾǸղſű֤ó᰿
Ҳûвɹٳǧˣֻɲ骳
ܣ˼ѣǿ϶ӮһܴǸ
Ӧȴ˵ˣǲˡ
ˣ
þԲ졣
һͲҼģȫƶʡͷҵġ
Ҳе㲻˼
ĲȫƾһǺ顣
㲻һ䲻ɣҪҽһ㣿骳û
֪Ǯ骿϶Ӧ䱾ĳȫܼ
ҽһɣֶľ־Ƕ棬ӮԣʵһƵǰ
ɫƽ˵ȰǶˣһֶӮˡ
仰˼Ѿ˵úԡ
ʲô˼ʾׯҳǧǰɣһЦļҸ㣬ʼߺϵĶĳʮִɶܵģļҶĳҳǧЩɶͻöĳȥ
˵ȷʵûһܵͷͬ˲骵Ļ
ùЩ٣Ӧһ䣺ȻˣǾͼȥ
ȻԼ׼ˣǲׯҳǧһ£ɲô׽϶һˡ
һѹѹСᰵ̬ǺܷɣΪⲢǶľ֡




1158¡ɫ
 

ᰲҪעˣڵĳǹԣʵģҲν
עʱ򣬶ĳһ߹ˡ
⼸˶˵ע⡣
Ϊ˵ݣ㵺Ҳ
ˣһòӢƤ𪣬ֻǴһ˿ѰʣȥǸĽɫ
Ӣһλ款޵ļƷŮŸ߹Ըе¶ɫֻһգ۶ԵһƬˣŮĸǻޱȣֱ
Ůıվż׳ĺװڣһ㲻ҶλƷŮֵ롣
ү̫̫㵺ǰŮ
˷׷׵̾
Ȼμģ㵺յ
Ǵֻ˵ò㵹ȴûĿ
һȻ鴫
Ȼ֮ǰѾᰵվ𺳵ˣڳҲû˾óѹᰡ
һ֣תͷ˹ȥ
ڿǰ΢ŵļįٸ
һ֮£΢΢һȻƬһһɫ
ȴûһ˿ŵˮʣܶׯ߹
ֻǳţɼɷǷȫУö֮վ˼Թ֮
ڶĿ֮Уһ¾Ϳ˳ڵλá
֮䣬λ̫̫͵һǲ֮ɫ
˿ĲϷһôҲ
ӳ֮Уϲ桢Թ˼ȵȸɫ
գиӵĸȫʧֻΪһ峺ƽĺˮ
Գ˼ҹ룬Ϊ̫̫μᣬôǰ¶⣿
οߣһȫľɫŮ
֪ҽˣ֪ҲİæҲԸաȻǿ󣬵ǻƴʦ㵺ȴǽ޵еĴ˵
Ӵˣ骿վӭ˹ȥͬʱĿ̰ڳӹ
٣һѣ
û˵ֻǵ˵ͷȻ㵺нġ
뵽ҪԼͳȥǳķң˱Ĳ
Լļ֪˶ҲҪơ
Ҳ֪ҵΣ飬߹ȥסļ򣺡٣ֵһģұ֤Ӯһϡ
ģǰһ΢һЩ
ӮһڵĻôҵֻܵõһ㻺⡣
Ȼ㵺˵һҵΣһҲֻǱˮнˡ
ƭǲܼҶĳĹɷݣɫ԰˵
ʱĶˣͲһߵ
ߣ۾ⲻΪ֪Ŀ˳һۡ
ע⵽һµӶûУĲӿʧ䡣
˼ҶôƯŮˣôܿңҳֱ֮ˣ֪ѻŮӣĿбҲ
ԼţȻɨӶĳһȦ
΢ŵ˧磬һҪҡ
˼ֻгһ˿óľּȥ
ܣѹСɡܾԼղźһĹⲻȥһҪӮ
᰼ûʲôʾǸǰһŵС档
һߣ÷һһǧ롣
٣һǧǲǶ˵㣿ڸծۣһǧֽò
骹ƻ˵٣㲻õģ֪һСѣһǧ͵ֵܽıǮҶģϾӮǮ룬ֻעʮϰĻҪòӮһڣ
úеֻѹµʼע
ѹһǧ󡣡
Ͷˣ٣һǧӮģ˵ŰԼĳȫƵϡ
ȻĿ뵽ϰ͹µĲλͣϣɩӣҪҪҲѹһǮ棿
ˡҡҡͷ
˼Ĳ
һѹֲȻֻ˵һ仰ȴаǣ٣ɩƲֵӣǲˣ
ûСĿ˳һۣע£ϰһ
ҡ
һŭӲ漴˵ѹһС
˵֮󣬳һǧóһ򣬷ŵСϡ
ʲô˼ɫ˲ޱȡ
ѾŲѹˣڳȴŸɣѹСⲻǵôʿǰԼɷ
٣ɩӰѹѹӮˣɩӿ϶ѹġͬһḻĵͣһҲļ
ͳ֮Ϊʲô·޲ҲǶ˽ġ
˽֮ϣ׼ʵʩһֱһ顣




1159¡
 

ߣصĺһȥܳ
󣬳ǻˡ
ֻҪûƴʦ֧֣ҶȹΣɽȢһƯǺ׵顣
XܣͶŮʧȥȤȢȢʵҲν
ɹ٣ɣ骽ԼĳҲѹϺ󣬱úɹٴѡ
ôǴ󣿡
ĿͶ¶֮ɫ
ԣʵͼܶе㲻˼ˡ
һȻһǹԣʵġ
һߣһעʹӮӮʱĻŭţеһɨա
ӮǮٶȣ˵ӮһڣӮڶпܡ
ǶЦԳ˵ɩӣ˵ѹûɣҺѹֻҪ־Ϳһױ
ˡǳ䵭Ӧ
һ۵һ˿𺣬ûбֳһӡ
ܣѹɣղе㲻áԣʵָһ롣
˵ãѾæгһƵϡ
һν̬Ͼô䶼Ǯ
һߣŲѹСȻǸԣʵ߶Ÿɡ
ǳȴּѹ˴
ѹ֮󣬳͵͵˳һۡ
񱻲Ĳ׽ˡ
ɧῴϳС˰ɣð²⡣
ƮȻɡĶʣټĺװһϻʼߺ֣ױȵѹ㵺һڶӸ硣
ȳ˧ĲûУǱʣܶ߹ĹӸ綼ԶԶ˦
˶ΪʲôϼŵŮܲûԳмӡ
ﶼʱʱĿһۣò骺ܲˬˡ
ҪûǮעĻ͸뿪ﲻӭڵصȣ骲ļ
骽ĿǺݺݵĿӳ᰼ڣû뵽һͲˡ
Ȼ׷Ź
һ仰˵Ŀⶼ۵ϡ
ʱ֮Ĵ
λҲûǮôһֱģ
ҿûǮûɣôĶľ֣ûڵһ㶼ģ
㵺ΪǸ½һȣ㵺Уڵش˶ƶûģľͱסˡ
ǿĿ⣬ȫ֮ɫ
骺仰Чʶֻǽ⣬һװʵ΢һĶľֶ治
̫Сˣ˵ļмͻȻҡҡͷ
骲ԣʲô̫Сˣ
˵ľֵĶע̫Сˣû˼˵
ʲô
ע̫Сˣ
ΧһЦ
һ治ˣȻ˵ע̫С̫װˣ
̲סĵĿ˳һۡ
֪½УҶҲˣӮǮ
ǳ֮˸֪װơ
˼ģ骲ɫʵ
³֣û
ãܺãһİϲϹˣǾĵģҸһһڵô
ڶĿðզࡣ
һһֵĶľ֣ȫ磬Ҳֺˡ
ڳĸĲࡣ
һڣ
ҡҡͷ
̫Сˣ
˲ΪԼ˴
һһ־ȻС
Ǿûôװˡ
㵺ǰʮĸôװ
Ķ٣骲ͷˣľû»װƵˡ
ڲ骿һεģǰװôܵˣ
˹ָڣһ֡
˻˰
ڵĶľ֣Ѿڳڶ฻ĳܷΧ
ʲֽ£฻ҼʮϰڣҪóֽ𣬿ûôɡ
ûôǮģ骾ͲˣһͲҼĵˣóںġ
žһ£֧Ʊ˦ڶϡ
ӣ˻Ϊ˦ëǮ
һ£û뵽ġ
λ㵺үԼóȴҪӺ
뵽ԼضӮⳡģ骺ܿ¶ЦݣƶʡĵһˣˬǾһ
Ҫİ
Ǽ䣬ȫڣ˷׷׹Χۡ
骲żͳģǿһ۾΢΢
Ȼۺڵ֧ƱķǳĽܹóںġ
ݵĻҲͲð͸ƴʦˡ
٣ֵܱӮҿչһѣעڶУôֿʼĹƻ




1160¡ཻ
 

עĻǳǳĶ
ǹĶ࣬¿ڵ٣ǸѾǼ˰ɣҼע𣿡
仰ư˵ղŲ˵һһ̫С𣿼ȻڶӵˣӦòټעɣ
ӣֻҪʱõóǮСȻѹ
ֿ٣ԷļעˣӶӮ٣
֪ҵļһЩ鷳ò̫Ǯѹúܵ͡
ǰλҴٻǺܰӣԸ˿Ʋ
ҲѹֵܣֻҪҼעǮ⣬ҪֵܶԽ㡣
⡢̫ðɣԼҪڳģٽҼڣ᲻ѹעڵġ
ȫ骽ĻҲǲ骽Ҫóʮ
㵺٣϶ҲвСѹ
ȴ￴ԽǮĿ¶һ˿Цݡ
ڶһϹˣ
ǲ骵ĵһ㣬ǵڶ
ⳡģ骴һ˫
٣ҽ㼸ȫ⣬ֻҪӦֵһСС˵ѹøˣ̰ζ
ҲǴĴ֪϶򵥣̲סʵʲô˵
ܼ򵥣ֻҪٴӦɩһٺ١ڱ¶ԼĿġ
٣㣡
ɫһŭӿӲסûз
ͳû㵺ǰŮһ£ȴҪ͸ƴʦȡ
Ҳˣ骶ڴŵ⣬ǴӦĻԼһñˡ
һĳĪڴñ˵Լ
ֻ뵽ԸǮĻһӮڣЩĶ
٣ɩҲҪˣαںһŮˣ骼ûзŭ֪Ϸ
ô֪¶֮ɫ
Ҫ͸ĳǼĻܣȻй¶ȥˡ
뵽骺ͻƴʦĹϵ²ܿ͸¶骵ġ
٣㲻ùô֪ģ͸һ仰ӦǲӦǸѾȺܾˣһڲĵĻǵļھͰװˣ
ǡȻ֪Ҫ͸ƴʦѵܺͻƴʦŮˣ˵仰ʱѾѡ
骺ٺһЦҵȻҺͻƴʦǻƴʦ⣬ҲںһȻƴʦˣٴɩҲˣ
΢΢һ㵡
û뵽骺ɫħȻԸڻƴʦ֮
ãҴӦ㣬鷳ٽڣҧҧӦ
Ըѳ͸ƴʦʱеĶħѾٴδơ
Ȼ֮ѾŮˣȻǾóܻԽණԽá
骶ʱϲİֻҪ˵ȫû⣡
ѹüͣһԵĳﻹ˸š
Լ·һ㣬˽ȥоԼʵ̫ˣ
˾óң˭֪ﾹ鷢
һ̣һֱǰǿջЦĳ̲סһᡣ
ͬʱţԼܹǿճǸжã
Ͳᱻ㵺Ĵƿˡ
ȻĽȴǿԼӵǿˣΪȫûаȫС
Ǹ̫ôǿ㣬ˣûע⵽ᣬϸȴһ
ǳɻ󣬽̫̫֮ƺʱʱͿһۣ񲢲ǵ̺Ÿĸ顣
Ҳҡҡͷ
ǰȻ˵Ľ顣
᰺ܿ뵽ǧһսǰսĸ֮У㵺ҡ
ʱҲڳصظ컪ǰս顣
ѵ̫ʱ򣬾ͶԳˣĵ׸²⡣
һ룬ᰰѸעڳϡ
ۺûУ治ģͷ˵
ǳ̬Բ骺ĶԻ÷ǳ
֪ԭ
㼱ʲô骰Ŀ˳һۣһû㣬Ҳҽλڵļע
ӣǼӶҶӣϿ쿪ʼɡڴӦ
Щ㵺ٵǮ׬ײ׬
ԣǹһĨЦʮڵĶľ֣֪ôģ
ȻԽ򵥡ԽԽãǾͶһִСһȫһƬȻ




1161¡һֶӮ
 

ʮڵĶľ֣ȻһӮ
ȫǮǮˣ
˶Ļݺһѡ
Ϊ
СĻΧ˶ΪǮæµ
㵺ٵĲΣȻΪ˽Ǯ
Ϊ˽ǮϧҪ͸ĳϧͲĽǮס
ǳԳӽǮΪĺǡ
ףΪʲôϼܲãƶʡ̽ŮʣԳ
Ϊʵ϶ΪӵгƷʡ
ڳ￴ӽǮгɾеɵˡ
ΪܼӵֶĳĹɷݣ骱ȰĲĸ٣ļˣ˵ռʱʤ㼫
óȻͲһֶӮܿܲһʱͰʮ
ҪҪٿһ¡ԣʵͼȰ˵
ԣʵѹһѣ骲ӵҶĳĹɷݣ㵺ʦӡ˵ļӣݴӡ˵Ϊڻƴʦ֮£Ȼ骱еϣʦɲǰ
ڻģӵиʦڹٻ¹֮ңӹˡ
紺ʱڵ㡢ʱڵȡƳԬȵȡ
ִ㵺ΪзŨĵʦƵȨ
ǽӡǲܼҽύĻᣬӡΪʦΪӡ
Ȼֻһֻ֣Ҫ֪ǲܼһλʦӻҲ骻ӡ˵ĵӣ˭׵ܼң
Ҳԭ򣬲骼㵺ǰĹԣʵȻʮ㡣
ڹϲʦҷûȦӵ˹ԣʵŶԲʮּɵ
ڹԣʵʵȻƶʡǱߴúӡ㵺ǺպԣʵɲԸͬʱƴʦӡˡ
ԣʵѣȴǵܣˡ
ʼɣĲȲĽе
ߵѾ˷ܵɫǺˣһĶͽ
ڵ֧ƱƵ룺˵ˣĶľ˭Ļ뵱Ǯ
ǵȻ骺Žܹʤ
ڴĿ£ɹٿʼϴˡ
ⳡʮڵĳģÿ˶̲סɴ´κһ档
һӣڴʮ֮ǲǻ
ŵȫ΢΢ǵһζôġ
᰺ͳλƷŮȻӪͬȴԼܹͬʤ
֮󣬺ɹٽϴõ˿Ʊ̯ڶϡ
ǴгһƣĴСûɣ骶ų۾ʵ
Ȼû⡣ɵЦЦҪȳ飿
ǺǣΪӦȳ顣骴˿ŵ˼㡣
ΪѾͺɹٶԹˡ
֪
ɲΪôó鵽ơ
չַȵʱ
ģҿɾͲˡǹЦò骸ое㲻Ծ
Ϊĳ֣骿óϲûЯκܿ豸ΪʮڵĶľ֣˿̻ɵЦ
ڲԤвʱ򣬳ѾˣѸٴһ˿һš
骶ʱĿһ£ⲻǺɹٰʾ˵һ
ˣ
ɫһҲ֮һ
٣СӳˣҲɣ
˫ֽӲķڶϣһ
ΧĿͶ֣ôܴٸղȴܽƵġ
оֿ֮࣬˺ɹһۡ
ǸɹѾͷٿˡ
ģСôãİһ䣬˵ղҿˣʵԱߵš
뵽԰һЩ֣ղƵȥȻȡԼĶǰ
ưɣһֶӮġֹװͷˡ
ûĻԼƵһǣһźAʱһƬϲǲΰ롣
ϲǺAǹ涨ڶƣǵǳ᲻ɲɳ鵽ģ
٣쿪ΧĶĿͷ׷塣
ǿһ̶Ȳˡ
骰һᣬֱӽԼƴ˦ڶϡ
ҾͲܱҴ󣡡
Ŷǲ˼պñһɫ
ŵЦƿԼ棬źA
ƣ骵ЦݽϣλһȻܵĴ
ɴһڣбڷţҪˤڵˡ




1162¡Ա
 

ȫ˾Ŀɿڴһ޷֮ɫ
ԼȻһ½ˣ
ǽըԵţ
ܣɹٸղ骻˵һ룬ͻȻʶʲôֽ͡
ɹʼյͷҿ骡
֪ԼĹܿҪˡ
骻ʮ֮ɲܽԼһڡ
ղһֳƵٶ̫ˣòĴΪĲǺɹٰʾƣûмʱַڡ
٣㲻˵ǱӮ𣿡۾ʵ
ڣҪԼղŹڳĳŵǿ˷۱
Ӳ˵ô֪ôã
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1163¡
 

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ԴӼά֮żʶʲôһɽһɽߡ
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ЦҡҡͷʲôԱݣʲô
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ϵô˵вʽĿ˵ٴһ£ݾԲǵģҵʦ㵺ǰʦӡˣڻάֳ֮в֪߼ΣֻҪκҵۣҾͽʮڣɱҪ
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ڳ˶Ϊ֪ˡ
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УҾ͸ΰɡûǼʹӦˡ
ᰶЩ졣
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ˣƱۣӽԺҪ㵺Ĵ￴ˣ
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1164¡̫
 

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Ϊά־ڲԳԸǣΪ˸߰ӹ̡ܽ
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˶սʱ᰺ͳﷴһ
Ů֪Լûˣ




1165¡̳
 

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ڶƲסŭһŭȣɲǼ籩ţŰĳ
ΧĿ;֮£ȥ
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һߣȻҺųаۣ
֪֪ĳƺŵжЦ
һһļмͬʱڵڽڽ
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ɲ֮䣬ѾԾϰգȭ߸߾ȭͷ۳ޱҫۡǵİǿ⣡
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1166¡
 

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䵽ʮװĶ̣ѪһѪװƶִӵʮ絽ʮ߲㡣
ѪԭһƬŵĶĳȻ䷢һУ
Բۣŵ˫һֱˡ
άפ㵺Ա㵺ǰĳ߶̣Ȼһɱ
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ΪάԱ㵺߰꣬ʲôʱ۹
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骷һֽУ˲ŵɫɷס
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ʮڣ66£
˵֮󣬲骹ޱȵĽڽ𿨳ʵǰͷȥӡ
骣ڻǮѾˣ븶ĴۣȻӹڽ𿨵ͬʱס骵ұһ
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ԭó骣õʮڣͻ֡
ڳĿתƵݺݵĲһ¡
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СƴʦȽ˼ҵʼߡ
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δ˵ֱ꣬ؿһš
ߵ͵صɳȥײһŶǽײһƵѺۡ
һţ߳˷ˣ
˿ײǽںȫ˲ըһ˿ҡ

ȫһƬȻֻ֮ήüȱݣ
˶ףΪʲôÿδԽʮ䵭ˡ
ԭǸXܣ
¶Լ߳ܵ߷ߵüҸضȥ




1167¡鵽
 

￴ܱҴʱһֱͷĳͻȻ֮ɢˡ
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𣿡ͷװϵĶ̡
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תһ룬һƽϡ
Ҳȥμӽ㵺޷᣿
޷ᣬ㵺Ȧӵһʢ£ʱƴʦáӡ˵ȵ㵺ʦǰȥμӡ
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˴ϷһֻͧͳﻹŮϿͧһŮС޵ķȥ
ҹĻ֮£鿴ųõգйй
뵽ϲŭ޳ʦ黹
ͬʱԶԽʡĽά־־ֳѾյ̱˵Ϣ
žڳİ칫
һֻ豭ˤǽϡ
ԽԽˣ
֣㵺ֵôǲҪ˹ȥѹ칫С裬Сʵ
˼˼룬ڵȲã㵺Ⱥʦ϶ƲóȳƲúٹȥץ˻ʬ˳һǷ־ֵĸȥ涡̵λӡ
ֳӢСǡôķһ䡣




1168¡ǰ
 

᰻صƵꡣ
ᰣ˼ƻչ㵺ҵ顣ǸȻ
΢΢ҡͷûϵ㵺ҵͷڻƴʦҺϼźģǿʵȻƴʦǿ
ô˵ϣҲμǸ޷𣿡ᰵĻ
ν㵺޷ûʲôȤ
ڳּ޷һȺ߰Դľְ֮ˡ
ϱ㵺ʦǸءǿĴ̫ˡ
ν㵺ȦӣϾ׽硣
Ǵ˵Ʈޡȹθߵн磬û¶ɽһǡ
ֻʿŻ΢ЩȤ
ϣȥμӵĻǻӦ
ҲǸ˼΢΢һЦ֪νĻƴʦãԶԶȲ㣬ȥμǸ޷Ҳ˷ʱ䡣
ĻҿԽ˻㵺ȦΪϼչ㵺ҵҲ׵öࡣ˵ţĵ˳
ϣϣ㵺ʿб¶Ǳ˳һΡ
ʼգͳﶼͨ΢źѵĹϵ
Ҫóǰȥ޷ȳͲǳˡ
Ϊǣָж֮ɫ
ͳһҲ뵽̫̫
и⣬֪òʣ᰺ܺͳǲ֮ǰѾʶ
Ͼǳ˽£ҲóȻʳ
ʲôʰɣ֮仹й˼ʲôЦЦ
仰ɫ΢΢һ졣
ˡ
ͳǲʶڶĳ񣬺񡢺ر𡣡ίʳһֱ֪⡣
΢΢һû뵽ʵľȻǳ
λ˼ϸŮܲãѾɫ
ȻᰲҲ
Һͳȷʵ֮ǰʶˣֻǽǵһμ档
һһʮĽμ΢š죬Լȵ飬ȫ˵
ԭˡ
ô˵ǻͦԵֵģСӸ΢Ŷܼӵ㡣ᰵһЦ
ûκγԴ׻ȡЦζ
ǺܴȵŮˣֻǾóһ˺õе㲻ʵѡ
ҾĲóԳﲢûر˼
к⡣
ô΢ţ֪ǳҲΪʲôأ
ΪûҪû΢϶˵
Ȼ˵Ҳš
ҪҪȥգס۾С㵺һĴŮɣӦӵҸĻȴΪɷͼ޳ܣĳħצҸоͦġ
ᰣϿ̫ˣÿ˶ȥȣȲ
Į飬Դ֮󣬾ÿ˶ÿ˵ĥѡ
Щ˵עõģǿȥı˵ˣܸܿԼѡ
οҲ뵱ᰵ棬˵ԼȥȳǺͱԼϳûʲô
óǿķǡ
Ӽᶨеľϡ
ȥμ㵺޷ɡ
뿴㵺ȦЩν㵺ʦ𡣡
𣿡᰺ͳĿԣ߳Լ
еĹʣ֪ȷʵڴԼȥμǳᡣ
֮󣬳ͷӦᰵΡ
˳һΰɡ˵
ûһЦǿϳС㣬Ҳû취ҿ˼ͦϲġ
ǺǡЦеΣҲһôġ
ڽϵ;ܾ˼˫롣
ȥȳҲֻǴһغˣû뷨
ᰣúϢȥˡ
޷϶ˣһðա
Ȼһ˶Գûʲô⣬һͲ̫ˡ
ᰵͷųװϱ뿪Ƶꡣ
һƳ̳˾͵άǸۡ
㵺˾ƺϢͦͨģȥάǸۣѵλ˵άǸʮһҪ϶ʲô£Ȱ㻹Ǳ̫ǵط
û£ҹȥСûк˾ʲôںʼĿ
˾ҡҡͷ˳ӡ
ھάǸۻа빫ʱ򣬵·ȫˡ
˾ֻܰѳͣ·ó
ǰȥֻŵάǸΧ
ݲ͵ĳںһȺ·Ʒ硣
һɫսվ֮Щȫˡ
ɻӳڳ




1169¡Ա
 

ɻ㵺ʵǿҲ֪ߵؾӣȫҲһġ
ǰֻڵTVBƵɻӳ
û뵽֧㵺Ӷˡ
ɼЩ㵺ʦǵж
Щǲҽȥɲֹ
첽ߵȺķɻԱǰҪֵ߽ȥ
վסɻӳڳ̺ס
׼άǸ۵ͷ
Щﶼˡ
ǰͨȻô֪ôҪͽȥ
λ賿֮ǰάǸ۲⿪ţֹ
ڳԼ˵Ѿܿ
·ûģԹԵߡ
ɻԱס
ͨˣڳüͷ΢΢һ塣
ͷȥĳǿͬѰľٶ֪кϷˡ
ǵ뿴ڳɻӳôףܲסˡ
ڳߵǰ־Ҫʹɻеüס
ϳҲûֻİ˰֡
ֻһ֣ڳشһٰʮ·һĭ㱻ɨһߡ
ʱ䶼ֿס
ڳϵ־ôһ־ͰƳüףվȡ
ɶˣ
ڳŭһץסʱһѾʧάǸ۵ҹɫ֮С
û뵽÷ɻӳҲгԱʱ򣡡ǿųʧķ档
ֹԱҿ˵ʵʮڳһ϶򣡡
˵ĳλ˽ȥάǸۣμǸ˵еļأ
ղͳǸ˾ˡ
ʲôϽ뿪ڳôӣֱۣ϶ʱЩҲס
߳󣬼ɻԱΧʵӳҪҪȥǸץ
ץʲô͵ûڳȻӣɲɵ
һ侲оԾ
ٶȶѰȻͨࡣ
Ǿͺܿǰȥμ㵺޷ˡ
Ȼڳнλ˵ĽûеǼǵߡ
ǾͲǵˡ
ֻһֻ۱һֻ۷Źȥ
ȴ˵߽άǸ֮󣬷ֵֽϼһ˶ûС
¥Ŵصýģƺľ֪ʲô¡
һƴĵط޷ᣬộǺôɡҡҡͷۿڷȥ
Լʮ֮󣬳ڿԵĺ档
άǸ۲̫ĺۣ޺Ƶҫ£Ƭλá
ȴϾͣΪע⵽׵ҹɫ֮£Ȼ˺һۿȥ
άǸѾܷܽľǳˡ
ԷҲ˳Ĵڣ¶֮ɫ
£ܹŮڶ΢ߡ
λѣǰɾʿĵǺû㵺Ȧ㣬֪ʦţһʵ
ֻһɢްˡӦһ䡣
üŮоﲻʵĸˡ
ҲҪȥμ㵺޷᣿ղſڵʵ
û
ߵۿڣֻۿڴͣһֻֻͧ涼ǱμĽˡ
Ů̬䵭ԳӡΪá
㵺ʦάǸۣһɢ޾ȻǰȥΣɾʿƺϵãȻǸûġ
ѣȻûʦţȰ㻹ǲҪȥλᣬ㵺޷ɲСӹҼңΣյġһϿͧһ߶Գ˵
仰е㼥ζˡ
ŮųҲ¶һ˿֮ɫ
Ƕʦ㵺ʦȻνɢޡ
Уɢ޵ڲߣû
ʲôʸμ㵺޷᣿
ȴúЩ˶һͧýȥάǸۺϵСޡ
٣СӺǸͷడһЦ˵
һɢһ㶼ΪһŵҸʢ޷ͷϧʢᣬɢܹġ
ǣЩʦĵӶֻܹսСӻԼˣһŮмĸһ䡣
Ҳȥɣʮ쵽ˡ˿ϵıʾʱΪʮһ롣
Ѿһˡ
ʦɾʿ͵С޵׼
ڳǰͧǰ޷ʱ
Сϣ㵺ʢĴʦȫˡ
Ůų¿ͧСһĽʯȥ
˲Ļ齸ʯɳɳ
ʯһŻɫ۵ߣҹ֮£泯󺣾
ʦˡߵ󣬹ĵͷ




1170¡Ѫ
 

λɫ۵ߣʦ㵺һʦĳ
棬ĳûлعͷһ̬ڵ飬úܺá
лʦޡһ˵һɨһۣȻܺʵʦ޷ἴʼôʦûۼ
ǶС޵ĸ䣬ֻΪӦѡ
ĳ˵仰Բͷ
ڿһ̣ĳзһ˿ǹ⡣
С㣬ǰ
仰ｿ΢΢һԸվĳǰ
һ㵺һŮʲôTVBŮǶȲ㣡
ĳϵ̰֮ɫ
ֻǽսڼԼɫ
С㣬㵺һŮ㵺һʦ˵˵ŵǾ䡣
ͷĬȻȴǶɫ
СʣͬŮ·ʦѵ¡ûһ䡣
ĳ¶һĨЦ⣬û
ȷʵѳŪȥǽ
ҽﲻһܹĸǷǳġ
С㣬ú񡣡ĳӻȡһѪɫ壬쵽ǰ
⡢ʲôоѪ̺аϢҽӹ
ĳ΢΢һЦѪǺöǿ
ģﲻš
ȷʵǿĳĻôܹţ
Ѫ̺ҲŻĳʲô¡
Ѫ˵Ҳа˰ʷˡ
ĸ֮ǰ˴ӽҹҵġ
С㣬֪Ѫʷ
ĳųʵ
Ҳ֪ҡҡͷ
ֻоѪǺöûȤȥ˽ʷ
˰ǰǴԼʱڰɡ
ιڳһλž޵Ůޣػ
ػ֮ͨһлõĳ뻯нΪ󡣡
˰ǰн磬ʢ֮꣬εĶʤ
ػǸʱӱһŮܡ
ϧػлΪнݣ⵽ɵΧɱղߣͶӽɱ
Ѫ񣬾ǵػЯıȫɻѪ񡣡
ĳ٩٩̸зǳ档
ʦѪû뵽Ѫô
ֻһͨˣȫĳ˵ʲôҲ֪ΪʲôĳҪ˵Щ
ʵĳҲǴһλʿĵ伮Унػʷ
ԹнĶϲ̶ȣĳܶ԰˰ǰ֪ô
ɻѪҲǻĳݹżأȥӽ״̵ġ
С㣬֪ΪʲôЩ𣿡
ٴҡҡͷ
Ҫ֪ĻҲĿ־岻ˡ
ĳųи֮ɫػ֮Ծ֮ͨΪӵʣ壬Сʣػ
ﲻɵõɴ۾
ֻһͨˣôܺʹ˵еǿʿ
ȴףΪʲôʦѡгΪлýˡ
ԭӵʣʺϵ塣
סɡĳվɻѪС
ػԽ֮սҪ
飬Ϊʦȥġĳתȥ
ǣʦ
ŮųһߣԼѸٸĳ
ʦСֵʼߺȥˣӡ˵ļӲ骻άԱ̴ˡ
Ŷĳ΢΢죬˶̣СΪͰ
û̺ͳĽ֣Ҹϵ֮ǰѾ뿪ˣˣ־˵ԼĲ²⡣
ĳ΢΢ͷ
̱ϾǶߵ۷壬Գ֣ҪķһЩܽܡ
ܺ˵˶̡
˻ĳĲ²ܺ
˽ʦΪ֣ʰСӡ
ллʦ

СʱֵͻȻһǿҵĹâһɫϰУ졣
ǵĳʦ¶һ֣ʩչػҹգΪ޷׼
е˼СЩɫķȥ
һ֮һڴʦĵҲˡ
ۣЩɫĳλʦĽɣ
㵺Ĵʦ˵ֻǵСˡԵ
٣ǸϿȥɣ޷ӦþҪʼˡһ˵
ͷŮǰÿ϶ڴ֮ɫ




1171¡Ұ
 

ԽǿģԽǸоӵзĴԽࡣ
˲֮󣬳ۿȥֻһտɳ֮ϣվϰٸš̬
ʮתķΪ񣬶ʮͶʮϡ
жʮ˵ݣӦþ㵺ȫʦ
ʮŮӦЩʦ洫߼ӡ
⻹㵺һЩСҲǰսˡ
һǰߵڶߵĺ棬ûʲôע⵽
Щͨߵˮƽ׷ųϢע⵽ѡ
Һùսλ֮ҲٸϹˡ
ʦֻߵһλźɫǰʺ
ɫߵͷʦɾʿ
һŮҲ׷ʺԼʦȻվһڴŽʦǵл궷
ɨһȦȥܿͷվȺеĳ
Ǹɫһǲ
٣СӵʰȻվô
ǵʣǼʶٰ̫ˡ
ɲΪĵж
ûԲ֪¡
ĵ˷ǳģȻΪǾóֻһɢޣС޲μ㵺޷ᣬμĵΡ
Ǳ˴ȥ㵺޷ȻһɢޣҪĵȦЦ
رǱЭȺ߰ߣ϶ô˴£Ȧѹɡ
٣Ҫǰϳȥһ꽨
ԽԽòˬ
ƾʲôһɢޣʸһս
ҡҡͷüСӴ϶ͷʱһʦ֣ܰС޵췶Χ˵ʹں
˵ҿСӴ³϶ܲҡ
Ů׷״Ц
ǵЦע⣬׷ѯʴսڼʲôôЦ
޷һɢʱʦĵȥ
ע⵽ЩĿ⣬ǲΪ⡣
Щ΢ߣڳоͺ׶԰һ
̬˾ãɢ޷ǳ
ǿøӲˬˡ
Сǵ飬ڳʮ㵺ʦû⡣
Щʦȫ񣬽Լ״̬
ע⵽һλʦڲͬǴŻʡ
λʦȫʮλʦģʮңŰɫۣźɫñͺЦӰϼݵĶе
˴ĺ£Ժиֳʦ
ʵϳµûΪĴʦר̴Ӷ孹ʦҰҡ
˿ʮλ㵺ʦ񣬼ȫڽҰߣ⡣
㵺ȦΪյģλʦֺΧݲȾָ֡
˴νҰǰμ㵺޷ᣬǳô˻פ㵺ȦΪµ㵺һʦ
ǻƴʦ˾޷̵顣
ֻΪԼĴȣ㵺ʦǴӦҰҲμӴ˴μᡣ
Щʦ׼ܽҰңʦ㵺Ȧôýġ
ڳСǣԽҰҵĵ͸ˣ˺óŽҰҡ
٣Ұ̫ˣȻҶһǰμ㵺޷ᣡ
ţʲôã孵֮أܳʲô޷ʦҰֻȡġǲм
˵孵ʦóл֮ҰڶǱҲͦģ˵е㱾°ɡһŮ˵
ԣһЦұˣǱ߲ܻʲôǴǻĴȥģôܴùڣ
Ī˵ƴʦóʦɾʿýҰҳԲ˶ߣ
仰һ㵺ȦСһЦ
ȷʵ孵ķȫǻĴйȥģֻѧһƤë
Ϊǡ
ڳʮλ㵺ʦɵɫ֪ˡ
ĶֲǽҰңԼˡ
Щʦ㵺Ȧ˼ʮģ֪֪ˣѷʤ
±ߵʮ㡣
ʱˣ
һλݵ㵺ʦߵУλʦ˴޷ӡ֣длΪ⣬д̵㵽Ϊֹ˺أ߱óһֵϣλûɣ
ʮλʦȫûпڣȻĬЩ
ܺãôλʦԸһϳӡɨһȦʵ
дĹܼ򵥣ÿλʦϳսһʦʤ߻ð߽ϡ
Ȼ߿ѡӦս
ΪڳʮλʦʵвģдֻʵĴʦҶ֪֪ףû˻Բ
ܿ죬һλʦվ˳ʦɾʿ
ɾʿһϳĿֱ˽Ұҡ




1172¡һս
 

ҰңʿʶһǶ孵л귨ѧǻļƤëɾʿȻ
⸱̬ݶš
ҰɾʿսҰңҲǷǳ
ҰλʦΪ㵺Ȧݡ
ɾʿһվսҰңֻҪҰһܣﵽһµĸ߶ȡ
˵˫յ顣
ʦеڸղûһϳˡ
ŰɾʿϳսҰңС޵ıһ󻶺
ս㵺ȦС̫˷ˡ
û뵽һܿ㵺ѾõİɾʿֳĶʦ
٣ҪǰϲʦܹʦǻȦˣһ꿪ڷе
ֱӽһսӰ췶Χ㵺ȫġ
ʮá
ʦ֣ҰҵһսҪض季
˵زȥˣС̲סЦ
ǳðҡͷ
㵺Щߣȫ͹˽ҰҵΪ
Դ󣬿½㵺ȦҪΪˡ
ȻɲЩˡ
ﾮ֮ʵɡ
ҾѽҰҵʵСֳҲûһ˻Ļ
ҰңҲӦսɾʿҰһֱĬʱЩŭˡ
һʦԶʮ㵺ʦǰװˣ
ҰԲ԰׵ϣ΢΢һ漴ǸһĨЦ⡣
òĻ˵˼ҲӦս
ֳʱһƬȻ
ҰҾܾɾʿսһ롣
ΧһǿҵĳЦСǷġ
νĶ֪ʦҲһսҽӣ̫ûˣ
ҿʵ£ҽӣ
ȻһսҽӣϽضȥɣ
ЩҰʼձŴݵЦ⣬ҡҡͷɾʿ㲻ҵĶ֣ûҪ˷ʱ䡣
ʲôɾʿ˫Ŀһɣŭ
ʿӹʰһۣڴ˴Բѣ
ŷԭҰҲηǿ㵺Ĵʦ
㵺ǲˣ׷׿ڳ
ɾʿܴӮҵѧȴұӦд衣Ұ΢أ
һ䣬߳һźɫʦµˣȥΪн
ɾʿһŭǣҰҾȻͽ֣ܺȫˡ
ãȻƲһǾݹҶͽ飡
һ̿ʼɾʿ޷㵽ΪֹĹء
ΪԴߣûʲôֵġ
ӡ˵㵺ʦĬ˰ɾʿĻ
Ȼ㵺ƻأôҵѧҲ֣ɾʿСˡҰЦһƺͲЩ㵺ʦعء
ɾʿЩҰ仰ըȵȴǰɣٳ
ϰʦȴͽ̡ȴߵУ˿̵پнǸһ˿֮ɫ
ⷴ㵺ǸӲмˡ
һϰʦ൱ڳɢޣǲߣôǰɾʿĶ֣
٣ȴ̫ˣ²ʦ֣һСܰѳȴܣ
԰ǽл꣬ұضʦϳѵһ½Ұҵĵӡ
л׽Ȧ˵ǱȽϸ߼ķ
顢һٮٮߣ޷ȶա
ͳϳȥ
㵽ΪֹĹرƻˣɾʿлĻܳȴȻýҰҲòӦս
ȡһŹŴʿ·ĲˣȻдʣʼ
һߣȴǶ˹ĵĴȡһżεİֽ
ɾʿʩͬȴʳָָ£֮ɢ⣬ŵֽջӡ
ʦȴʩչҲл鲻ʵ
ĳ촽˶û孵ʦóӡƵķֽ֮ϣȻʩٻֽ˾ͽʽ񡣡
Χĳͷͷǵ벻㵺һʦȻʶԨ
һߣҲǿԼʦá
ʦɾʿӦʤȴɣ
ɾʿ㵺޵ʮ꣬ͬһӮǸϰʦȻ⡣õЩƮͨĻ֪ǹ
һ˶ûʲô
õǿƲƳһȺСĳһۡ
һʼע⵽ĵˡ
ֻǳûдᰣе⡣
ڳñԼ֪ᰲĽڣᰴӳƭȡ
ᰵý֪Լʤɡ
ĳǿټԼĵӰҲǲýöԽĶһġ




1173¡
 

ᰣõȻôõлýȽ޷ץסóȥ᰾ˡ
ƳʵҲڴõ⡣
ȻѾҳᰵĲ򣬵Ǿòգ˻ʣ˵ʲô
һаҽеļﶼûԡ
Ϊº仯ǳΪעһ㡣
֮ǰ˵ʣټл꣬ܶᰵĲвһļ⡣
Ȼᰵĺ仯ڳ֮У˵ʲô⣬ҲӰκᰵĺ֢
ѹ˼֮󣬳ֳеĶ˱仯
ֻɾʿͳȴʩֱԲˡֽΪý飬ٻǿĻǣ
ɾʿĲȳֱ仯ֻССĲ˲ǴǴһ׸ߵĹŴʿ
ʿû٣һףһѳǹɢϢ
긽壬ССĲ˱ӵбȭھǿս
Ҳ˵ĿȭھҪö࣬ΪûѪ⡢ûʹС
һĻûĳߵĳﲻסˡ
һο仯ΪʮңԶе𺳡
ųȴֽҲ˱仯ϱǣǳһųĶʿģ
ȴٻʽ񣬸˵Ĺ۸оͱȰɾʿʿԶˡ
ֽ˱仯ɵĶʿһһ빪ӣһƶûС
ɾʿһмЦҰңǶĩлҲǻͳлȣ
Ȼû򣬵ڳ˶Ԥ˽֡
лһλΪ֮һ
ΪͨýٻĻԽǿ󣬾֤ߵΪԽ
ͳȴٻĶʿǱ壬ô͸ߴ׵ĹŴʿȣ
ҰܵɾʿĳǲΪ
ȴ֤Щ㵺ĴʦǿǶʦ˵
ǣʦȴһǰĶʿ趯ɾʿĹŴʿɱȥ
ϣ
Ŵʿĳǹ붫ʿĳײһҹĦҫ۵Ļ𻨣
ʿǰ֣ռȻû磬ùŴʿϺˡ
ôܣȴһԣ֮ɫ
ŴʿͶʿֱעͳȴķ
ڹŴʿʿýڽڰˣ˵ķȴѹסˣ
˿Ŀɿڴ
Ѿõ㵺ʦһʦĵѹƣͷǳ˵ȥˡ
˼ʮغϣŴʿƣɾʿһ죬еҲס
ǿΣʦǲˡ
ʵɾʿһУ޲ðѳȴʽɱ

ɾʿȻһȫעŴʿ֮ڡ
ŴʿĻǷ·һҩֱһȦǹʿʹ̡
ȴʮ򶨣ûѧɾʿע뷨
ʿĶŴʿĳǹƵһ࣬һŴʿն롣
ɲ֮䣬Ŵʿڵ갧һΪһƬƬݣƮɢ
лƣɾʿܵ³һѪȻһ˲Сˣȥ֪Ҫá
ǰɾʿﻹ˼Լƣ˿˶״̬
ˣȻܸҰҵĵӣһĶʦ
ⲻԼǸ㵺Ȧ
˵ǸȦӶ
ĳʦ孼ϰʦȥ֪Ҫܶ˳Ц
ڳǿŰɾʿѸܣȫ¶֮ɫ
ʵ̫Խˣ
ǸоԼϻģ޵ݡ
һļŮҳοˡ
ϵɾʿܣ˲
ֻ㵺ʦԴĽˣ
ʶȴʵĳ⼸㵺߶΢΢졣
С˽ҰҵĵӡĳǺܾ档
Ϊ֪ɾʿΪˣֻ⣬˶ѡ
ǳȴʵףûĳΪҰʸ֡
Ҳǲ뷨
ɾʿһ߲ѵȥû뿪
Ϊۼ֤㵺ʦܳȴͽҰңΪһڶ
ʦû°ɣѹʵ
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ղŶʿһնȷʵе䲻ζ
Ҫ˵͵Ϯǳˡ
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ͷԵĿ
ѵһСһλ㵺ʦǳˡ




1174¡
 

һϳľȻǽ޷ӡˡ
Щˡ
Ϊӡ˵Ϊֻڻĳλ㵺ʦ֮¡
㵺Ȧŵϵ
ȻôϳֻΪսһλϰʦ
Сⲻӡ˵ϳʮλ㵺ʦȴг
Ϊɾʿȴܣ㵺Ȧߡ
˲óȴһ˿ʤĻˡ
Ϊ޷ߣӡ˾ֵ켯ϣֳ̫顣
ž³ѵһ¶С
ʵӡ˵ϳѾе۸˵ζˡ
ΪĹأϳһֶ󣬱³Ϣ֣ʾƽ
ӡ˽ڰɾʿϳ൱ڳȴǳս
һǳ˵ȥ
㵺Ĵʦȴû˵ʲô
ƻأ㵺ȦϸΪҪ
㵺ΪʢһССĶ孼ϰʦ裿
ӡϳҰǹһ˿мЦ⣺λʦ׼ѧս
ߣȻм۸СӦսǣӡһۣ߰״
ҰЦҡҡͷһǾ仰ֻҪ˭ܻҵѧҾʹӦǵս
ȻλʦԼĵӷǳġ
ӡҲϻֻҪܳȴݲýҰҲϳ
һӡȡһʽصĲ
ڳһڴʦ΢΢ݡ
Ƕ֪ӡҪóѹ׵лˡ
ֻӡó󣬿дʣͻȻһߣ
һ䣬ͻȻӭŴգۼͻΪһԼһ׵ĺɫߣڿУ£Ǻˡ
Ϊ졣
û뵽ӡٻľȻߵĻǡ
лУٻ޻ԸӣΪԹͨͨѶȷǳߡ
ӡ¶һ֣ӮúȲʡ
ٻ飬㵺
ȥӡңңһָڿеķ߱ȴĶʿҧȥ
ߵٶʵ̫ˣʿȻݣٶԶԶ޷ȣһ¾ͱҧв
ʿһ˲仯Ϊҷֻʣֽм衣
һɱ
ΧĺȲӸ߰ˣ㵺ȦСǣ˷ܵú棬ǰİɾʿйʡ
㵺Ȧһٹ١һģӡ˲ܳȴ˶ɡ
ٻߣӡ˳ֱɫԵõĶŽҰҡ
ʦԲҴˡȴ˵ҰǰͷǸ
ղȷʵûϵߵٶȣȻô졣
⣿ʵã
Ǿǣӡ˵ٶ˫ʿɱȣ
˾ͱװʦӡ˵Ķ֣
ڳ㵺߷׷׿ڳ
Ұɫûʲô仯ֻóȴȥ
λ֪ʦҪϳˡ
ӡһܳȴȻûѽҰҷʼոֶǰȻ֮ɫ
ս߶ܺҰһóʲôýʩչл
ŽҰҵýǿҲߵĶ֡
ڶĿע֮£ҰԷǳŵƣȡһСС¡
ʵ̫Сˣ˲ɵõɴ۾Ҫ
һ¾ͿҰõһƬɫë
ʲôëȴԷֱ档
ѵߣҲٻǣ
Сôָܶл
˵֮ܿʧˡ
ΪҰҿʼʩ˫ʮָһֶصƽӡ
ƬɫëƮУĹ⻪
ޤҰҿܶĶ
ֻгȴһ˷ܣкʦꡣ
ʮ֮ƮеĻɫëͻȻʧˡ
ȡ֮ģһС͵ĻҰɫ硣
ʲôû˿
ΪҰһٻʲôýǽҰǰֻһС磬ʲô
ֻг۾΢΢һһ
͸ͫĳΨһС籾ʵˡ
Ƕ孵лӡ˲мһЦ
Ϊ㵺ʦΪʶһһģȫܲСв
ӡɣСŶҰһòһ䡣
Ұҹȴ԰
ǶаٹҹеĴ˵ΪлýĹʤǻĿݵ̣
ߣСҲǰ磿ӡˣСܿǶ孰ٹҹд˵ĳֹ֡
ǲʲô֣ӡ˶
ʹ֮£ǰķԼ侪˵ٶСȥ
Ȼһ̣С羹Ȼƾʧˡ
ӡĿ¶㵣ԣⶫ孹ֵٶȣҵ߸죿
С粢ƾʧƶٶ̫죬ۿ
ǧ֮һ˲䣬Сײһ
ȻޱȵĿ£߱Сεýڽڴϣǣ
һ㷴֮ûС
Сڽֹ֮ͣת¶
һֻСС




1175¡
 

ڳе㵺߶û뵽һֻСС󣬾Ȼܸתγ磬ӡ˵߸и÷ǣ
ʵ̫˼ˣ
ѵֻ󣬾Ƕ孰ٹҹд˵еĳ𾪵Ĵг
ҰǹЦ⣬ȻĬˡ
˵ڶ孼Խ̬֣һצϮˣٶȼ죬˺ѿı塣
צӵķ̶ȣֲޱȡ
˳Ϊ
ܣһֻСС˲ҵ߽ɱӡһ޷ŵɫ
ĵľȹս߸ٱΪԼٻߣʵжǿ
лýԽǿʩߵķԽߡ
Ȼ߱ɱҲζӡ˵ķҰҲ༫
ӡȫ޷ܵʵ
뵽һ㵺ʦǣ¶صɫ
ʦΪ˸Ī⣡
㵺ӡˣٻ߶ɱζŽҰҵʵܻܿúͻĳ֮ϡ
νʦɫѿЦһ֪ӽҰ𣿡
ӡɣˡҰ޳ָһУٻԼǰ¶һ̬
ӡɫ࣬ʲôҲû˵㬵³ȥ
ǰܵúܲġ
ΪΪԼͽҰҵʵ࣬ýԷɱĵز
룬ٱ˰ɣ
㵺ʦҲˡ
ֻǰٹҹд˵һֵͼĹֶѡ
ҵвظλʦķڷˣ
ҰҵĻ˵úƽǳζȴǳԡ
ڳ㵺˷ŭѡ
Ұң̫ţ㵺ǿʦû֣
ûƴʦõΪ϶֮ϣѹ㵺ȫʦǳ룡
һС׷׳Ұҡ
Ұչ¶˸ǿСǻΪ㵺ķȶ學ǿ
Ϊƴʦ㵺ʵ̫ˣӰȦ˾η
ЩڵصĴʦ㵺ҪԻƴʦüףƾʲôʦܸǹ㵺ʦ
ֱڣƴʦλһȻ֮ɫȻûбҰҵʵ𾪵
͸һСġ
ЩСƴʦͶȥڴĿ⡣
ʦҰңʵ
Ұҵɱӡ˵ߣ𺳻Ƿǳġ
Ͼӡ㵺ʦΪƲ˶١
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޷
ĳİ˰֣漴ɨȫһۣϬⶨڽҰϡ
Сλι˾棿
ǰһƴʦʲô߼
ʮλ㵺ʦ״
Ұֻȷʵеסˡ
ЩʦϱлԼýԲĶ֡
Ȼƴʦ˵Ȼжֻмһ˵ĵ
ֻĳ˵λ֪Ӱлأ֮⣬һҪأʲô
ǡ㵺Сȫ
л˵Ǹܶ˶ûӴ
ĳôһʣʮλ㵺ʦ뵽ĳһȥ
Ǿ
ûǾĳԵһЦ˵ҶлĶУʵŷӰ󡣡
ʲô
ĳ⻰ʦЩˡ
һֱЩʦл⣬ǾԽǿлԽߡ
ڻĳȻ˵Ӱǵ߸֪
ʵĳԼҲ֪лӰôֻΪõǱ¼Ĺʿ伮Ŵе֪
ƴʦӰô󣬾˵ҰҺܿǿžӡ˵ģ
Ľ͡ĳʻһۡ
֪˵ԸȽƫˣŷϵԭ򣬶Ծ׷󳬹ʵ׷Զ孵Ϊǿ󡣡
Ұᣬܱӡ˸ߣֻܿǿľʤ
˵˴޷ĶⶨΪл꣬öǰռ˼ơ
ĳⷬ㵺߻Ȼ
ֲýҰҵܹɱӡ˵ߣԭǾԭ
ĳôһ˵ӡ˵ܶˡ
ȴܵİɾʿҲҰοһԭԼΪһϰʦǶ˵ľ̫̬
ΨгٴҡͷȺ㵺߻ûӶ֡
ƴʦȻΪǿȡʤұ㲻ռ㵺ˡ
ҰǹϷʵЦ⡣
ɣҶһˣսƴʦãλ㵺ǿʦ֣
ҰҴһȫȻ




1176¡ֹ
 

ڳ㵺ǣҰ仰һ£ȫ¶ŭ֮ɫ
ΪҰ⻰̫ˣ
ȫû㵺Ȧ
Ұҵսƴʦһ˻á
ǾҶһˣս㵺ǿλʦ
ֱ̫ԲˣҲǺ
ǻƴʦã˶ܵ衣
ΪƴʦֻѶԷĶ֣ǽҰҡ
ڽҰҵľٶǵϡ
ƴʦöһۣӶԷпԵ뷨
λ㵺ʦѾʮ϶ˡ
һ񣬾֪Էʲô
˿ĵ뷨ǾӦҰҵս
һ֣
ӴϽ˶ýҰ㵺Ȧ
Ϊ㵺Ȧһٹ١һ
Ӹ˵ܶϻƴʦãҰҶľвԵĶ֡
һҰҽ֣ʤҲķѼ
ôʣµλʦɵ춨㵺һʦĵλ
˲ֽлܣ໥дֳʤ
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˶û뵽˵֮ˣǸɢСӡ
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˿ɢޣȻ˵˲֪ĻԾʮֿЦ
ƴʦλ㵺ǿʦ֣˵ҰңǷȦ¶˿ɵս
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Ψһеϲǳû뵽Ȼμ㵺޷ᡣ
ֻĻеľϲתΪŨŨĵ֮ɫ
Ϊܹѹڳκһλʦʮλ㵺ʦһһܰѳˡ
ҰĿ˳һۡ
ɶһսʤ㵺λǿʦ׳٣һСϣ
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Ȼ޷УôļӣҲһܹģ
ǰСӻѲ˫۴ϣӡ˸̲ˡ
λʦǿ²֪СƶʡȦеһ㵺Ⱥʦӡˣѹ£ȥҪƻ㵺ȦĹذ
һͼӴ׵Ļڳ㵺ߵĳޣӽҰתƵ
ӵľƻ㵺Ȧصˡ
˲·ɱ˸ĸ仰Ȧһá
㵺Ȧһ⣬ʦ֮ύȴһֱûлᡣ
ȴһˣʮ㵺ʦܲŭ
λȲŴСӣҺöԸҰ˵
ڻĳвԱȽҰҵ̫ˡ
ǰһ£ǻܽҰң㵺ȦȦϡ
һƶĲߣºʰ
˵ˣ֣Ҳ򲻹Ұҡƽ˵
֮վǲûĳڶǰۡ
ҰǻˣŲܻĳõ
޷Ѿҵĸ߶ȡ
붫в֮
ĵȦܱ裿
ĳѾԼ߽㵺Ȧˡ
˴ĵȦҰҶ
ԳŻվֹ⻪Ȧɨء
ȻĻȴǿЦ
˵
ĳһЦҲÿɵӵĿ⿴ų
ԭΪƶʡĺ֮㣬ضй֮
û뵽֪Դ˿ͻĳ
ڿ˵ƴʦִ򲻹һʦǲǿǻĵĴʦʵ
ҡҡͷҿĴʦǻĳˮƽ̫ܴͣȦﶪۡ
󵨣

Сӣ֪Լ˵ʲô𣿡
ڳʮλ㵺ʦȫ̲סˣ׷׿ڳ
ϰٸСߵŭ
ҿǳ⣬ӵɵˣôýҰңȥ˰ɣĭɡ




1177¡һ
 

ͺһļŮ˵ͻȻͷ
⼸ס
Ƕû뵽ͷվڽҰǱߣֱǸȦ
ôһڳСǶóֳɢޡ
ֻҪ۾Ϲóƴʦ֣Ұûһ˿ʤ㡣
Сӣȥƴʦ뷢ŭţһ䣬ȵķը
㵺һʦƣš
ԳݣƴʦͶԳˡ
ڻƴʦƱ塣
ȷҪͽҰҶʵ
ƴʦЦ޷ϣʦֺѵСƶֻ֮أʲôʸվȥ
С˵һˡ
Ȼƴʦȡ裬Ҳɵȥ
߻سߣܵһġмĿ⡣
⡣
ǳĬĬ˳һۣ֪ܿҪͳˡ
ôʦڣܴӻƴʦо
С㣬ƴʦͷԳ
˾Ŀ£ｿ΢΢ƴʦȥ
һʼһףΪʲô齫̫̫С޵ƴʦ
ںܶڻȻ򣬳ܿǽƴʦлý
һߣҲԼ߰еǰ
Ůӣǳ֮󣬽Ұ¶ɫ
λʦ۾һ¾Ϳͳϵȵý
ýеļƷʣǽҰҿ˶ۺ졣
Աİûлĳ
ҲƴʦҪѳﵱýˣûг֣Ǿ䡣
ֻҪԸ⣬ʱܾ³
ע⵽һ鲻ͬѰѪ
ѪóǳȤΪ̺ʮֲֿ
ǻƴʦּĿԼԦġ
ƴʦѪΪлӣʧܵ³
Ұңʼɡ
ƴʦͬʱתȫʩչлɲ֮еİɫ𣬱
紵ɭɭ顢Соȫ
ЩСɫʮ˷ܣΪ֪ƴʦõлȼԱ֮ǰİɾʿӡҪ߳
˱仯
Ұһս㵺λǿʦҲҵлˡ
ֶ孵ͼ֣Ӧ㵺ǿߡ
˵Ŀע֮£ҰҴȡһgɫճɳ
ҰҰճɳƽ̯֮ʱһ֮轵ʮ϶ȣһаϢɳ֮Ʈ
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ĳøͬʱͫһٴС
С㣬վǰսɻѪ񣬱۾Ҫ룬ľ⵽شɰ׳ա
ĳ仰﷼һ־ı۾
ðסһ⼣߰ߵĶذ֮Ҳ۾
㵺Ͷλʦۡ뷢޷Թģͬһʱ˫ֽӡл귨
ᡢδ֪餺ɤ֪󡭡饭⡢ˏʤЏꤨ裡
֮£֮꽣ϣӦ̣֮
Ȼӻ谵ߣûڴ֮֮£Ὣ긴֮֮ٻ
ٻ֮£СȻϯŰ
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СǸŵɫɷףȥ
ӡˡɾʿ㵺ʦҪס壬ⱻϮ
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λǿߵٻʮλ㵺ʦŷԼͻĳáҰȫһġ
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һ֮΢ͣЪ˿Կ峡еˡ
һ֮£ȫĿɿڴ·𿴵ʲôʳ
ֻҰеճɳѾΪһߴ׵Ĺ
ﳤһ˵һ¶ޱԹɫ
ףȫëڣûֱۣ򴦳һԾ޴ĺɫ򣬿ȥʮֺˣǿѹȸУ˼
õл֮£ȫˣԭͨŮ£ȴƺߺɫ£ŵǰѶذҲ⼣߰߱ɺн
˾ǣƴʦߵýϾȻûκα仯˫Ŀյӡ
ֻŵѪ񲻶ɢ⣬ȥ֮
ƴʦлȻʧˣ˷ŵľ̾




1178¡
 

ƴʦáҰλʦͬʱʩչ߼л
ȻҰҸղŵı֣ڳ㵺߶еǿѹ
ĿУƴʦλʦǿһλ
Ȼ˭뵽ǿĻƴʦлȻʧˣ
˲ʮΡ
ĳԭԵõɫýӲ
лʧܵĿԣָʵ͵ֻаٷ֮һ
ΪĳһĻǽٵڣһлżΪο
ôܻʧܣ
Ұ޵Ц֮ɫĳɫ˫ָٶһȫϵɻѪעȥ
ĳһһͷ׷ȥʮ㡣
ǿѪ޶ԣֻɫ΢ѡ
ĳɫЩ԰ˣΪһοǼھųɾŵķļ
òҡҡͷȻϣĳԦǿѪ
ƴʦ㵺һˡҰҵĳ
ûĳ϶Ҳסˡ
ڳ㵺ߣԾĵͷȥ
ʵ̫ˣ
㵺һʦҪ޷֮ϣʩչлȻʧܣ
ǵŶʦ档
ʱҰһعѴȥ㵺ȦͳΪЦˡ
ƴʦղ˵ӰлأǷ;оӰȷʵǴġ
Ұǹŵļм٩٩̸
ʵҪأʩ㣬òϿɡ
Ϊ鱻ٻҪʩģʩ߷΢κ
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Ұңлûǻƴʦʴʣ
ǣƴʦԦɻѪǲУ
Ƕ孻ҿ㵺Ȧȥʮɣ
ȴЦĳĻֻǿиԼҵӰˡ
ȻѿֳôʦҰңһܼԦɻѪ
㵺ȦԶ𣿡ҰϵЩ㵺ߵ̬ȣǿİٹҹд˵ִ칷ٻ󣬾Щһϣ˿塣
㵺ǻҪģҰôһ˵ǲҼˡ
ϾƴʦлʧܣⳡѾ֣ܲĹضƻǿк߽Ұңض孡
ͷ£Ըһʦһһ˾͹ˡóûͷ
ĳлʧܣ˶𾪡죬ûӡ
ȴ͵Ц
㵺ʮ꣬һֱǱĳѹģֻӵڶ
ѹĳĻˣ
ĳ仰ĺܲģ˵ȥ
˫Ŀĸ˻
ų״̬¶һ˿֮ɫ
ϣҰٻǿִ칷˫һ񣬹һҵ쭷磡
Ŵ칷һǾ޴ֲֿĽÿ˶оԼ౻ݺûһ¡
ⶫ孹ֵѹȸУʵ̫ǿˣ
¶ǰδе֮ɫǰİǰһԴ
ʱİѾһǿĻռ壬·ƺߺɫ£÷â¶ĶذȥҲݡ
ٻʱһλǿŮ̿͵ĻǣذŮ̿͵
λŮ̿͵Ҳߣǽƫ棬ɱ֮УʵɱͬΪͨ߶֮ɫ䡣
̴ˣΪһ޷һͺȣŮ̿ͱȵʧҹɫ֮С
һֵ̳ʱŮ̿Ѿڴ칷󣬾ذ׺ݺݵĴ칷󱳡
Ȼ칷ȴ˫һϷȥųŷצӵĽŮ̿͵ĽС䣡




1179¡֮ҹ
 

أ
ز
칷һȵֲţ
һؿ¶Ҫȸϡá
㵺Ƕ칷һŲľ죬ѡ
Ӳĵ汻ȳһӣ
峡ƺ˸Ŀɿڴ
칷ԽǿʹŽҰҵķԽ
һԳҰҵʵҪԶ㵺ǵ
ĳüͷ
֪ԼɹٻػҪӮҰҵĴ칷Ҳôס
ڴ칷ӰղʱõѾǰ̤Χûʲôˡ
Ǵ칷ǿ˹˶ΪһѺ
ɫص˼㡣
ҰҺʹ칷ƽǿС
̣ߵ̿͵·ߣ칷˿ֲҪǱһ£Գ첻ס
ߣ孵Ĺ֣ȻеŵȻԴ칷ɵη
Ұ΢΢һЦеŵô𣿡
һ䣬칷һԾ޴ĳͻȻĻ
Բʮ׵ƽȻһ磬ܹ˹սߵƤ
칷ڿĵ̣ܵѹƣٶȺȼ½
̴ˣˣôһ漴ϱһ⣬ڸע뷨
ڿ֮У̻Ϊһɫ⣬Ծ칷߳Ͽգһ˲֮䳯Ŵ칷ĳ򣬴̳ϰ£
ÿһ׼д칷ᣬõ¶ϲɫ
ֻҪϵ칷һֻʵҪˡ
Ҳġ
칷Ȼǿ󣬵ٶվȲ̡
ֻҪü̷ٶϵƣܿͿԽ칷ʰ
Ȼúȫˡ
ֻ칷ᱻŮ̿ʹϰº󣬾Ȼһ˵ӶûС
һɫϢӽҰƮע칷֮ڣܿͽ칷ĳ޸
һ㵺һ
ҰٻǿĹ֮󣬾Ȼûкľܼʩ
ֲ̫ˣ
ãΪҵĴ칷Ķ㲻𣿡ҰҼмЦֻǹýаˡ
仰˲һ
Ұڸ̶Դ칷ɲκ˺
̵Ĺͽͣⳡô
ˣֵˡҰҵһڣ칷õǶԷ̹Թ̵˹ȥ
𣡡
칷һŭԭƶ̣΢΢һ͡
Ŵ칷˻ֿ׼Ĵϣ
ܵ޴Ļͬ߷ݰֱֱɳʮףڵء
ǰѺĶذֶһԣܿйâȫȥ±⼣߰ߵӡ
һĻ̲סг
˴칷һôܳܵס
̵ĻҲ˲ɢˣӰʧлȽ
ȡ³һѪɫҰһһϢӡ
濴㵺Ŀɿڴ
һ㵺ڶʦõýͰˣ
˵ҰҵĲ࣬ǳ޴
ټϻƴʦûгɹʩչлδսȰܣ˵㵺ȦҰһ˴ˣ
߹ȥãҰһЦ㵺Ĵʦ
㵺ǣ˵õͷȥһ߲ѡ
㵺Ȧûгôʱ̣
ƴʦ˵Ƕ̫ٸһʩչлĻᡣҰҿĳɫȻֵ⡣
ĳɫӲӦҡ
ȫľ޷ԦɻѪ
ٴʩչл϶ʧܡ
õͼлֲܴù칷
Ҳ˵ĳںͽҰҶʸûУʵ̫ˣ
㵺һĻƴʦҰס˸ɨء
ôս𣿡
㵺ǺųƻĴ
һ˶ò
ҰҲмҡͷ㵺˵ú޲Ҹضȥ
ɫȻԳ֮ɫ
ͻĳΪĶǶԷһ빮㵺һĵλһժǧ϶ͷ
ȴû뵽յӮǶʦҰңһӰ㵺Ȧѹ̧ͷ
ɱ̾
ȻûվλˣôӽҽҰפ㵺ȦǶҪΪ𣡡ҰҸоѶ˿ĳ֮
˭˵һˣ
㵺ǣ׼裬ڽҰʱ˳
һ˲֮䣬Ŀ۵ϡ
ʱˣƶСӻ




1180¡ͷ
 

뵽֮ǰľٶڶ㵺߶ãСӿûֺýҰҡ
ǽҰԼüͷ
ΪղǾ仰
ôʦڳҰҶڻĳǱȽӵġ
ȴһֱûѳ
СӵڶҰҾ޷ˡ
㵺ʦǵʱ̣ܱһС䵷ң
Ұң㲻ҪˣЩ˴˻ߵУ
ǲܣѵܣҰҲЦ
û˲ˡ

ԥĳˡ
ӵоаҽϴУ˻ǧо󲿷ֻҪԸѧѧᡣ
˵ǻҽĴߣͬǻĴˡ
ǳĻ㵺ͺ޳ܡܿЦˡ
һƶСӣʮܴ꣬ǧʷĻ
˵ȥֻ˳Ц
̲סŭȵ
ʦ׼ҰҵͷˣһŭҰңͷֲĶ孹칷ɱ䣬㵺ȦҪһ
ƶСӣҰҴʦǸ
⻰˵ġ
֪ӽԺ㵺ȦҪڽҰҽˡ
֮ǰڿҰҹӵڷԽҰҹޱȡ
ҰҴʦСӲ㵺ģҪǡ˵Ź
㵺߶Ұҹˡ
ҰҿɨһȦ뻪ͷǰƺ󹧣ӳӵϥġ
ĳõ㵺ʦȻû򣬵˿Ҳκηˡ
˵İǿɵһų
Ұһѹ㵺ȦСʲôã
顢г£ǳʼš
ЩҰ¹㵺ߣҡҡͷƾЩͷ˼𣿡
ǻ˹عĸܸһ¹򣡡
⻰˵õسһЩ㵺òɵ߲ѡ
ȴô롣
ΪйҰҴʦޱߣǻ磬ķڷ¹ôˣ㲻¹㵹ǺͽҰҴʦдһ
Լ¹Ϊ˸ûʵɡ
˱ģĻﵹ˲١
˵ˣǴ˻㵺һʦлʧܣҲ
Сӣ֪ʲôлӿڳĳΪлʧܣʮ裬һƶСӶҽѵǼðɡ
һ㵺ߣóԽԽˣȻ˵лΪʦĵӣ츳ûӴл
ͺǲͶѡ
ߵʦŭӳƶ֮أлǵһμ
˵Ҳл
ܺá
ǹЦ
޷Ķл꣬ұлͽҰҶһ
˻һ¶ŵɫ
Ҫͷͨ졢ѹ㵺ĽҰҴʦ
ǲ۵ȡ
ӵı飬ĿתƵϡ

Ļ˫Ŀĳｿһ
ΪĳлʧܣĻڻ״̬˭˵
Ȼһ䣬㻺߹ȥ
ûĳо졣
Ϊ֪ѾʧȥʶӽͺͰ׳죬ֻܴȥ
ǳȻܹĻͷǳˡ
ҰһڳһЩ֪л֢ĴʦҲ֡
ʵ˽г֣ǾԲзӦġ
ֻǳڳкرλ㵺һŮʣһʶŻᱻѡ
ĳ֮£ֹѾߵǰ
ҰңúÿţʲôĻ˵ţһֻƣڳɻѪϣһ͸ǵı
Ҫûƴʦý
㵺Ǿ¶֮ɫ
ǼƷýСӿлᣬôʹˣ
лƴʦԦסǿɻѪСôܳɹ
һ̣ľٶ˿ǳͷβ޴
ûΪܹɻѪĻ齵ٵڡ
ʦʾĳҪҪֹ
ߣСӸһɻѪķ֮ʲô˶ʸʹĳ۵׸һ˿֮ɫ
֮ǰɻѪע뷨ʱҪСܲɡ
ĳɲΪһƶߣôǿķɻѪ
˵Ŀע֮£Ʒ𵭵ɫâ
ɻѪעȥ




1181¡һս
 

Слû˵Լл
һЩ㵺ߣ̲סЦ
ղŲ㵺ʦǽҰңʩչлʱҪз
ֻǼ򵥵עɻѪ֮ڣȻ˵С
Цܿˣɴ۾
ֻڳͳ֮еɻѪͻȻ֮⻪ţ
ѪС޵ҹգһƬ죡
һĻڳߡ
ܣ
СӲܼɻѪ񣡡
߷׷׾г
㵺һĻƴʦֻɻѪ񷢳΢⡣
ȴܼɻѪѪ˵ķǧٱڻĳ
ʦСӵô£Ǿ֮ɫ
ĳͻȻһɻѪķˣСռ˸ˣ
˻һ˲׳ΪʲôܼɻѪ
ԭǻƴʦĹͣ
ĳһעɻѪ񣬺ܿɻѪ˱ٽ㡣
ʱһע뷨ܼɻѪˡ
˻óΪԶڻĳ֮ϣĳѣ˵𺧸ʧһɶ
һΪСʲôˣԭǺٻ
ƴʦСռôˣ
Щĳҡҡͷ
޷óСӼҵɻѪɡ
ǿֻ֪ΪΪǿʩߣ
΢Ϊôð˰ǰ޻޷󳼷
ɹʩչлҲᱻ鷴ɱСӵľٶȡ
ĳ˻һһ߲Լͬ¶ֻɫ
ԭѰ·ֲûƴʦûֹ
һΪжأҿᱻ鷴ɣҪǻ⣡
顢߷׷׿ڼ
˿Ϊ
оɻѪķӦԽԽǿˡ
ѪҲԽԽŨ
֮½˱㡣
㵺ϷУ·ݵ£϶нӽʮȡ
ȴоԼ·˺ڡ
ҰĿ˲һ
ܸоУǿĻ鼴
ͳͬʱŵɻѪ񣬼ǱըɢѪ⣬£ȺԽԽ쳣ȫԾס˺
ǧ꣬˭䣿
һ䵽˼㡢·ܹ˴嶳Ʈ˵ĶС
ڳǰʧˡ
˲Ƶ˰֮С
һͷɫٲǣǵ˼
һȹȴ˲һϮɫĹװȹͬŴŮʵĴ磬ԳӺݸ߹֮
ǲʲôʣͨͨǹˡ
Ǿ绪ϣһ̺ŨŨı䡢ɱ֮⣬ƽΪϡ
һ̣ѾǳǴ˵а˰ǰ޷羪޵󡪡ػ
λŮ޵ǿѹõϵһȺʦ̧ͷȥ
ǽҰҶֻܵͷ΢۾⣬žηϡ
Ψͷ­ػڱӶϡ
ҵˣǵػĿд
仰һ˶ˡ
ǿƺϿ˳ʵ
ĳŵĵеܣôϳֵͼߣ
Ϊֳһļž˶ĳĻ
ʦɾʿӡˡõȵȣͻĳһ뷨
ȻǶ֪Ĵ˵λŮӵѹͨ˶ܸоóô¡
˵ڳĴʦǣǶ孵ǿִ칷˫Ŀ¶һ˿ս֮ɫһԶػ
شңǲҵˣػϿ˳ʵδ˸߰ߡ
ȻҪ顣
Ҳˣֻлٻ֤孹ӿһ£ǻжǿˡֶػӶ
⻰ػһ롣
ǧʷ˱мܱػΪ˵ģ
ܲںˣƺƵġ
ػе
Ȼɲػô룬ֻǵ
ϡƽ֣ȴεػ֮ϣλŮ޲ò䵽ϡ
ǲǾл𣿲Ǿ޷ԦǿýɻѪ𣿡
˭Ҵ˻
˭˵ռ˻ĳıˣ
Ŀɨӹȥûһ㵺߸ӡ
ǿֲĻ飬Ҫڳû˸ɳʵˡ
ճĿ⣬䵽λʦϡ
Ұңһս




1182¡ɱ
 

ԳսҰľҪܾ뷨
Σգ̫Σˣ
ҰҸоԼĴӦսĻƹִ칷Ҫ㵺ҷ𣬱Լܿһ
뵽ԼеĿģҰһӲסսͷ
ڴ˴㵺޷ϣĻζŽҰ֮ǰŬȫԺ㵺ռԴصĿˡ
㵺˻֮һҰҶ㵺ԴۺѾãܷ
ȷʵһսʵϧٻģֻһλŮ޵Ļ飬Ҵ칷Ķ֣
칷Ƕ孰ٹҹд˵УǰʮǿҰҾͲһλŮ޵ĻܴӮ칷
û˵ػĴ˵ֻػһλŮޡ
ҽҰҲ²ػ֮ôǿ󣬺ܿΪƷýԭ
ʩٻĻ飬ǰǺǿֻҪý幻ãû鷢ӳǰǿʵ
Ұ仰˵ڣδӦߵػ㷢һмЦ
Ѵ칷ȽϣǶλ󼫴衣
С˰ǰҲ֪ɱֻػ˵̤һһһصŨ̿
顢Ϊµģ඼ˡ
ĳõ㵺ʦҲһ㶼ù
ػ̤ǰһ칷һ
Ұ𾪵ķ֣ǿ֣˿̾Ȼɪɪ
ԭǿбĴ칷ȻµһС
̫ˣ
Ұһ޷֮ɫ
ԷĻ黹û֣ԼĻߵʵôʲôزֳܳ棿
ýҰ޷ǣΪûг
Խǿʩ߷Խ
Ȼػû־ѹô칷ɪɪǴķҰһأ
칷ֻһŮ޶ѣʲôµģϣҰѹס𾪣
Լʹ칷
ͷǿĶ孹֣µöҪվסˡ
ϰҰҴδʧ̬һ档
ڹ˲ʲôʦˣʹ˴칷Լڣ
Ȼ۽Ұô칷ҹػ
ػԼŵƣƵĴӺɫŵ䳤УһֻûѪɫֱۡ
޳ÿֳָָּףػָ칷ңңһС
䣡
칷ͬС¥ӴȻ仯Ϊһѷĩ׹䵽ϡ
ػһ΢ĶͷǿĶ孹ﻯΪ촷ۡ
ȫ㵣Ŀɿڴ
ҰҺһƹȫʧ̬ˡ
ҰҺͳʮʮλ㵺ʦûһ˿óػʲôֶɱ칷
˳֮⡣
Ϊػֵһ̣͸ͫ
Ŀ칷ĻǣػһУ㻯Ϊҷ
̺ܼ򵥣ȴػ衣
Ҫ֪ػǹھ޷лʦꡢоƿص¯ĵز
ҰػǰʹлǾǰŪС׼ס
ٻ칷˵ǽҰ⡢ǿķȴƵλ֪ʦ˿ȫˡ
ж꣬ⳡ޷һͳ㵺Ȧдʦ
ԼȴһЦ
ڳĻǰҰҸоԼлСӹҼҡ
Ұңڻһ𣿡ʵ
Ұ޷ӦʶԼ֮ǰĻôЦ
Ҳ϶绪ģ˳Ĭʮ뻹ǿڵȻ˵ԼǻǿĴʦˡǶ季Ҹǿʦкܶ࣬Ƕ֣
ŶΪʲôֻս
ĻýҰҲһϡ
漴ϸԺ֮ɫΪǶǿʦǣмǻʦ֣ȥ孲μʦĻܼʶǶǻǿٱ
Ұ⻰ǹ⼤óȥսһλŵ
ֻܼЦһҰң̫߿ǹˣĳͻȻȤȥνʦᣬʱֻᷢȪ·ϣһЩʶʦ
㡢ɱңҰԴ󾪣Ͼ޷ֻдѣôõȻҪɱ֡
ҵʦǶǿʦ
Ұһδ˵꣬ͻȻĵȥ˫Ŀʧȥһɡ
ΪúͽҰҶ˵ϻֱػɱ֡
ҰҵĻǱػɱֻصĻᶼûС
ʦȴ˵Ұҵʬϣʧ
ŽҰҵĵӣ仰ȥ季һ裬ٷݹ̤ƽ޷磡




1183¡ɳŵ
 

仰ȴ΢΢һǻ֮̿ɫ
ҧҧҰҵʬȥ
ΪҪȴض季ڳûһ߸ȴ뿪
ȻǶɱ˳ȴйߣóȴȥ˵޷飬ûʡ
ֻЩ㵺ʦմĹ⣬ȴǽǵľٶжô衣
ɱҰ֮󣬳ߵػȥ
λͨǿŮޣԳĿ⣬ɵ΢΢¸߰ͷ­
ˡ
Իȥˣٵý壬ҵһѣǱ㳤ռݣ޷ﲻһ˿
ȻػǳǿǸԸū͵Ļƽһ
ȻӦҪȳ;ʳԡ
ΪлаҽУȽҰҡĳ˵ĸӸ߼ýɺܴ˺
ΪʲôóﵱýΪаٷְٵİձ֤İȫ
ػ¶Ըɫ
Ļӽǻ˼꣬òױһλΪٻؼգôԸ˳壬»صӽף
⼸ػѾ֮˸ĸ
ֻҪлٳټһƷýΪµ壬ػŻָȫʢʱڣȵΪҪߡ
ڳΪȻѹסΪˣػ֪Լ㹻ʱĻʱվܴӳлнѣػɡ
ػĴ㡣
ϧ֪츳ҪԶԶ
ҳаҽкػҲûпܳΪ
ˣū澾֮ͨͨʿɵָɱܹΪĵ֣˲Ҫлū̷
ػǿ꿴ϻǧߵ˿̬ȴŵüͣϧԳū澡
Ÿ߰ǿԳ׳Ƴĳٴξˡ
㵺߸о֮࣬ĻǳǳĽ
ԼҪһλǿĻΪߣÿ˯Цѡ
ȴһȫػӣЩ㵺ô붼޷⡣
ֻ˵£ǳܹⴧġ
ػĿ¶Ҽ飬ȴ˿Ϊ
ȥɣֻҪɻѪʱ
һ䣬ưػɻѪ֮ϡ
Ѫɫ⻪ٴС޵ػ¶ĵɫȫȴڼɢһɫװȹҲתΪִȹ
һ󼴽ʧ
˫Գ֮ɫˣ
һָʶһ۾ͿԼİ֮ˣɵþϲĽг
ҴӦ㣬ġ
ż΢΢һЦ
仰΢΢ɴǲ˼֮ɫ
ѵ΢ϵġ
ûҾӵǸ΢źѡֱӳ¡
ϵĲ֮ɫǿˣһɼмĵӿֳǼٸн֪˵ʲôãۿȴ⡣
ע⵽Χ㵺ߡǿĻĳԳһ̬ȣﲻò¶֪϶񵱳ǧչ¶ֶΣЩʦסˡ
ʶһ㣬֪Լڵþˣ񼤵֮£Щε
֣˳һѡ
лл㣬ﺬߵ˵
Ȼ޸һ࣬ﻹǸδµɬŮ
ڱ˷סȻޱȺߡ
ոձǿĻռ壬ڻ̫ѵ
š˵ͷ
һˣɿ֣Ȼڳһ㵺ߡ
Щ㵺ǼĿ罣ȫ㷲ȴ³ͷ
ûȳڣĳѾһ
ĳһҲˢˢĹˡ
֮ǰ顢俴Ϊֻǻ㵺޷Ĳɢޡ
תۼ䣬˱ʦҪٱĸˣ˵Ƿǳӵġ
飬뵽Լһ֮ǰ˿ĸǻ̿
£ͷĿӡ
˷ޱߣ孿ͽշһ޷֮⣡
ĳֱƤĶԳ֮ɫ
ͨҵԸΪ𣡡
Ӵ㵺Ȧǳķأ㵺˭ҵˣҵΪУ
ڳʮλ㵺ʦȫʾڳ
һĻóﲻסˡ
Щ㵺ʦ󣬿Ǵż㵺ļ
ʮλʦףҲζų˲ӵ㵺Ƶ




1184¡Ը
 

ʲô
ںܳһʱڣ㵺̫Ľġ
Ȼ˥࣬ձ
㵺ǻҪ㵺Ҳȫġ
Щ඼ṩ㵺ʦȫ㵺ʦȫڳҲ˵ֻҪԸ⣬ܹ׸ı㵺̽ơ
ʲô㵺ǰʮҡǰҡң޷һ˵ȡ
뵽￴ų
ˣԽԽǿˣ
һ̿֡ظ׵ϰٸ㵺ߣǲ׼ɱ߷ϵΪֺĳͷֶΡ
ΪЩ߻á
ĳϽ㵺ƽҲҪЩʦά֡
΢˼ߵصʮλʦǰȻڵӽԺǲκ軪֮£֪˭Ұұز
֮ĳõ˵ͷ­ϻ̳ϿֵӦ
ܺáĵͷ˵һҪȥ
˷Ը
ǵĹϵȥҩģֱƲݣѪ¹ף˲Ρ
֮ҪȥҩģΪᰵĺ֢
ȻڳĽ̵£ʼĺڵ
֮ǰûֻӵʵͨˣߣҪںͱҩĸ
ҩҩķǳϡѰֻжôſȫ
ķԸԭΪܳûֺóʮλʦϵЦе㽩Ӳˡ
Ȼǲҽȴ֪ҩжôѰ
ΪҩĲͨҩܹȡ̲
ЩʦƽʱԼҩģΪԴ
ҩĵϡ̶һһߣƲݣѪ¹׺˲λҪҡ
ô˵£˵ѶȺܴ𣿡΢΢üʵ
¶첻ãЩνĴʦ̫ˡ
Ϣŭǻȥ֮ȥ˵ҩģĳæӦ
ҵ֮Ͻҡ
Ҳ֪ҩжôϡ˲ָЩ㵺ʦȫҵ
Ȼصƶʡ󣬳ᶯϵæޣ罯컪ѵȵȡ
Ը֮󣬳ĿͶϡ
λҴٱһص˼ͷ
飬ҽѧ羫ӢҸһĻᡣ˵
˷ԸҪţҲǣ
ûɱ˼ڴһڴ
㵺ҽѧȫǻҽһñ֥ԼҵũTVԽӣϼţѻҽƹ㵽̫ȫ磡
֮Բɱ飬Ҫҽ
ᣬ㵺ҽѧʿӵڷ̫ҽҩϵ˵ʸʵνǿ
ֻǱĳƫˣ;νķβ
ǣӽһȫƹҽл˲ɱ֮ɴ⣬İҳûн̫ĳͷ
ʶҽͷԺͶԳóϷκˡ
ҽҲκƫҽ鷴һԾԾԵĸо
żȻ˸ᣬʱΪҽˣ
ˣȥɡ
йᰣԸ֮󣬱СԵȥ
æϡ
ڳ㵺һųıӰһߵݡ
ʵЩߴ಻Ƕˣڻĳ˳һλţĶǸеɵģ֮ǰԼһʦŵñϥ˻
ܿ죬ͳ̤Ͽͧ
ܴһƶʡҲ㵺ˡһϿͧͳʵ
㵺û˸Ҷ㲻ѡԼҪ
ڳһֱһԵֵѡ
ҪҪȥᰵ
ΪڳУᰵĵλǷǳҪġ
۵ӹһĨʧ֮ɫ˵Բ̫ˣѾһйҪ󣿶ŮŮˣףҸ
ллҲ𡣡˵ţ棬·˼
⸱ӣ㲻ˣȴһ˿ֵ֮ɫ
񣬳Լûʶ
˰˻ȥ
ԭĸĸܵŮǲǵұϳһһ㵺ĵ绰ǲ֪ԭԼŮݵλȻһҹ֮֮ǰ˼
֪ԼŮ֮컯ȫΪǸΪˡ




1185¡ҩ
 

صƵʱ᰻û˯ţڵȴĹ
򿪷ſӺλɽܲһķڷ
뷿󣬳˵½޷Ϸ顣
֪ô㵺ʦȻΪˣͬʱ뵽ϼڿԴ㵺гΪϲ
ǳûѳΪ졣
΢Цʾᰲͬ⣬ͳκνչģֻᱣֺǰͨѹϵ
᰷ǳãϾŮ˶ϣԼĿжһ޶
ǱƳκͳһҲֻܾȥ⡣
ͻȻ֮ðģҪڳߣǲܵ顣
ڶ죬յ㵺ҵĺ롣
ᰲμһЩ㵺ҵӦ꣬˲Żصƶʡᡣ
㵺ļʱԸҩĵ飬㵺ĴʦǶ˴ȴһ
˳ص԰С̴һ绰ԸƶʡǱߵĻʸ塢壬оǵĻһޡ
ʱڣһһעᰵں֢仯
ڻƶʡ֮ǰá
ֻ֪ᰵʿھʲôʣȴ˵Ȼ
ֻðԼƷҩļɵҩ᰷á
صƶʡ⼸죬Ѿ˷ӣʡѧǸǲʵѧУܽ
԰СƽʱֻסųƳˡ
᰺۶ΪƳռ䣬ȥǱס
Լ齥ȶҲҹҹߡ
ô˻ᣬƳκúúͳһѶ硣
ڳûϾʱ԰ܰСݵҡԡҡɳ̨ȵȵطమĺۼ
һʱ䣬ƳαڵóԲˣһʼŹ
Һʱʱֵѹ
ֱյҩĵϢûûԸͣЪ
ĩȽӵ㵺Ǳߵĵ绰
㵺ʮλʦ˲ʮ֮ҵѪ¹ףܿͻ͹
ϵ˲ΣǻǱҵġ
λҽԺԺǳ񣬸һİݵ˲Σռ͵ƶʡᡣ
ڵҩƲݣȴǳһЩ鷳
ڳӴĹϵ£ǰͻƲݳֵһص㣬ƶʡ߽һƬԭʼɭƬԭʼɭȻ
ΪƲݵĻȡӦûʲôѶȣûǰȥޣ˽컪ȥ
컪˼ٸºһλܹʶҩݵҽȥԭʼɭ˼죬ڼƲݣƲȴһͷ쳣ĺڱػš
ݽ컪ͷڱ۶ƶʱӰǹ䲻Уҧʮ֡
ս컪ֻ˳Ƭԭʼɭ֣ȴָʾ
꽯컪ĵ绰΢΢һݡ
аҽļأĵطػ
ͷڱԲͨҰޣ֮ܿǰİͨԣƲȫ֮ռΪС
˽컪ٶ¹ȥҲǶԸͷڱġ
Զˡ
ý컪ԭʼɭҪȥԸͷڱһŭڱúڱǰƲݣҪҵڶƲݾϣãˡ
ڵϡ˵ƲݣͨݶϡУ
ᰡƳ˵һ󣬳ƶʡͣĿ˰˸СʱƶʡƫԶɽԴС
һСУΪбƬԭʼɭֶ
ƬԭʼɭֱȻÿ궼˹Ρ
ʱεɽԴк󣬵ûš
ս컪ѣͨԭʼɭֵǶ·̣Сȫ
˳˸طͣȻ׼ͽԭʼɭַȥ
û߳ã㱻һŮסˡ
λεİɣȥԭʼɭֵ·ɲŶҪҪǸߣŮκʵ
תȥֻŮƤڣһӡ
Ů󻹸һʮ˵ţŮ٣ÿÿͶһɫñ˱Ƚ˷ڴͽϴΪ۳Ͷٶһƣ
ܾŮȵģŲշѵģֻһ·շѻͣٿһ°ɣ
СΪý컪ȥʡֻŽ컪עĵͼбصδţǿԽʡһЩʱ䣬ûоܾ
ӦŮηǳˣתͷԼʮ˵ҸҳɣǺܼܿԭʼɭ־ɫ




1186¡ҽ
 

ţܿ˹
ͬѧôƺģʶһ¡һչʵ
ͱȽͣһͦµ֡
ƺŮһɽԴεģĿڣҲ׷
ճ£ʡỨǱ߹ġ̲Ļش
ӴǱҰҽгеġֱȽԸ˵Ǻܽ⸱̬ȡ
ŮڳĽ£ͳʶһ
ܹŮУŮòֱǳһǮŮѡ
һжŮ۳໹Ǵ綼ͨ洦ɼִѧٽҵεġ
ʶ֮󣬼ŮûôϾϢ֮Ҳͨһ͸ӵһϵûС
һɵͨŮ࿴˳һۡ
һ۶ڳ˵ֻǺĴ
ڳǿе˼ͺѰζˡ
ΪǶ֪ɴвǳɢģû·Ҹѡ
ΪʲôһʡڵĳУȴѡţС
ֻżʮϼ߰˸ͬȴûһɺԵкӡ
κһͬѧǸͨͬѧŲΰΪɣһΡ
ʼնŲΰû˼Ųΰһ·϶ͦƵġ
ĳ֣С΢ա
СΨһĸһۣ֪ɺܿܶԳ⡣
ŮҲˡ
ŮδԭʼɭȥʱǶҳ˵̽һ³ļҾ
ͬѧҾסʡ𣿡
ǡ
ʡṤ
ࡣ
ʲôģ
ҽɡʲô⣬ǲ䲻ȵĻش
Щйཻ
̬ȣüŮе㲻ˡ
Ҷǳεģ㽻ѣ㵹װˣ֪ĻΪʲôĶأ
ϾǵΨһĸûʲôӣ̬ȴ͸¶Űǳﶼе㲻ˬˡ
ǸɵŮ˵ҽ˫Ŀһڹ˵һ仰ͬѧô͵ҽ
ɳ޳ҸӾĿϳˡ
ɵĻǵûʲô
ҽĻȷʵ˲ˡ
ƶʡᵱҽԺܿ͹ۣ߸ŮУֻǸܱȵù
Ǻǣðɣʵҽ¶һ˿òЦ⡣
ȻЩ˼ҶڳЦˣҲ˼һֱ̱ȥǾûˡ
ҽ֮󣬼Ůеľ֮ɫȥ
˭֪ҽѾû䣬ҽʲôǰ;
Щĵ뷨ȴҲΪ⡣
ΪһֱΪҽŬ
ļţҽУڻѡ֥ڶҽҽȰߵУٴη
ʱЩˣһᱻҽĹ𺳣ıԼ뷨
˳ûнʲô
ҽҲͦõѽɺЦ˵ҽҽֻҪκòǺҽ
仰ڹʵҲΪҽûʲôǰ;
˭óպúԵأòĶɿɲʲôְҵ
ҲƣϾҸƶҲǵ£ɵɡ
ŲΰͲôΪˡ
ôãϵȴ޶˶˰·һУŲΰһѻ
ɣ˭֪ҽû˰Ͳðολͬѧˣҽûǰ;ġŲΰ̲סˡ
ǿɲһ˵ͬѧܽҽ·ءɷ
Ҳ֪ŲΰϲȴϲŲΰƹӡ˵ֱ̫Ը
ֵȻңʣǳɡ
￴ŲΰһۣʾҪ˵ֱ̫ˡ
ҽûʵȴһѧҽǰ˵̵͵ı֡
Ųΰ˿ʲô̵Ͳ͵ģΪ⣬и
ͬѧܽҽ·⻰˵ͬѧԼ𣿡
ŲΰΪ˱ͳ˵ԽԽֱˡ
ʮߵĿⶼת
ܵڶߵĹעŲΰ·ܵĪĹ裬˵ˡ
ҽû䣬ҽ£ҽҽѧ˵Բԣ
Ųΰţʮ߶վһߡ
Ϊҽûǲʵƭӵıǩ
˵⼸ʮÿ棬бҽӹġ
Ųΰʳ仰һŭҽ




1187¡Ŭûа׷
 

ѵ⣬Ųΰһ¡
ûӦô¡
ȴðЦ
ԭΪŲΰܹһӦȴû뵽ҽ棬ег
ȻóǶеʮ־ǣʮߣŮ٣׷׿Ϊҽ绤
ǻĵҽǧ꣬Ǽʷҽɱȵģ
ʡͷҵϼŶڴҽѵ㲻֪𣿡
ǣڱ֥õֱǴиҽֱѧ֥õڱ۾ܸβ
Ųΰöɵˡ
û뵽ôοͣûһ֧ģȻȫ֧ҽ͹£
ͳɵҲˣƺЩ֧ҽܵϼŵӰ졣
ϼƶʡΪĴҵŲΰЩٽҵĴѧϼŹ
ֻ֪ϼҽҩҵȴûעϼ¿ũTVڱֱ֥ҽ
󲿷˺Ųΰһעҽصš
ˣע彡֪ܿϼµı֥ãҽֶβǳãȷʵǳ棬ƭ˵ġ
ƶʡ󲿷ּͥйشļʮοͻٶΪҽ棬Ϊҽ绤
Ųΰ˸ıһӻйȥ˲ˡ
ǹһƵЦ⣬οԼŬûа׷ѣڿʼתҽĿˡ
رżʮˣ󲿷ֶԸΪҽ绤ǳߣ˳Ԥڡ
ȻҲһԭΪЩοͶƶʡˣʡȥϼŵӰ϶ô
Цʲôϼźͱֲ֥㿪ģ˼ҽβҲ޹أŲΰһֻȫϷй
ԽԽ߳ˣ΢Цоǳĳ
Ųΰ㹻ˣղ˵ҽû䣬ôƳҽϼŻѵܹ֤ҽǰ;𣿡ɼŲΰһٱͳЩ
ƽʱŲΰǸٵƹӣȴƵġ
Ƕ֪ŲΰΪʲô޷ǳԴˡ
ʵɰֶûһƲء
⻰һŲΰĸˣİ˵ҽǰ;ȥϼŵҽǰ;óͬѧǸͽϼ𣿡
Сӣ㲻ҪƲ˼ң˵λСϼŵĳҽϾճ£ôᣬѧҽģղλֿڣ˵ˡ
óе̿λµû׼
ĻŲΰͷǳûеˡ
ôɵ飬Ϲ˵ˣϼŵĳҽܵƫԶطŲΰ̲סЦ
һʱҪŲΰϾɽԴԭʼɭ㣬϶кܶϺõҩģ˵ҽҩĵģ
ѾЦ
ĻǺ߳ȴǡǡ˵÷ǳ׼
ˣλͬѧǳҽŲΰĵ˵
ɵǾôܿɰЦ˵裬ͬѧƽϣ̫˵
Ųΰô˵һѪĸо
һƫҪƽˣһɾʵС磬ǳҽҲµöԲԣ
ûҾǡԼݡ
ĻشȴЦ
Ҷóں迪ء
ʵϻû˻Ϊϼŵĳҽ
ˣҸ㣬ǾҪɭˣ·ߣҪСĵŶŮѵ
ǰһȻһƬдͷԭʼɭ֣ӳ֮С
һÿòεض𣬸ơ
˵ƬԭʼɭֲѰӣ̺ŵ
ֲÿ궼вοΣûԭġ
һ߸Ŵ󲿶ߣһ߿ųӳ΢š
ɷֳͻȻ΢΢üͷ
ͬѧôˣһʣŲΰ˶˹
ǹעɻ᲻Ҫϵʽ
ȴоü򵥡
ûʲôֻǸӦԭʼɭһЩرϢ
˵ֻѹº֮ġ
ףͿԿԭʼɭֵĵһۣ¡Ůθָָ
οͷ׷óֻһ·һ·ա
ߣǻδ̽򣬲ܹȥ
ŮͻȻֳӣѡ
е飬ͲˡͷҲص컪ڵͼϱעķȥ
У㲻ߣΪΣҪȫŮζʱˣܹȥס
ҲеͬѧεĻŶ
ȰǽƬԭʼɭ֣ܻܿԤϵΣա
˵仰ѾʧҶڵïܴ档
ŮͣסŲȻ֮ɫ
ôߵô죿




1188¡ɭеĹ
 

ҲŮһסˡ
Ϊֻͥɢȥȴھʧ֮С
ǸоǳٶȺܿ죬ƬԭʼɭЩ档
ǴҶ̫ïܣÿֻҪ΢߶ܱҶΣԳôһˣŻῴ·ƾʧ
󲿷˶ôģֻɺǸо򵥡
ŮλعһǣҪ׷ȥҳ
ΣȥˣοæŮס
ԭʼɭֻδ̽򣬼ǶԵػϤĵζ׶༪١
ŮθųµĻ⼸ʮοͿҲʱ·Ƭԭʼɭ
ֻźż΢绰Ѵȥʱĳˣ
ˣǸˣŮһƬ
ܺΪеΣҲĵĳİȫ
Σ㲻ǸͬѧԼԣҲǾȡŲΰⰲο
ʵȴһֻ
ǸǿУȴͻȻѰ·˵ƽб
Ųΰ˵껰һۣ漴ĵϲʧ롣
Ϊϵɫκ˶Ҫǡ
Ųΰܲ˵䣬Ҫǳͬѧİȫ
ҲǰŲΰ̫֪ͣ鲻ãҪ˵ЩĻ
ŲΰȴǶˣɣǺͳͬѧֻʶСʱ˵ѵҪĲô˵İȫ𣿡
㣡ɵŲΰһۣĹĵʲôҲ˵ˡ
ŲΰоԼʤֿŮΣ·û˰˵Σȥʲô°ɣȥǸճµˣ˼ұͲŵġ
ȱŮδ˸绰źŶ϶ģջǱɹˡ
һҲԷġ
ȻԭʼɭֵĻ۸ӣûʲôΣҰ޶֮ĳûǸֻᱻסΣա
ˣͬѧûˮʳͻȻ뵽һ㣬ٴ¶ŨŨĵ֮ɫ
Ųΰֳû͵ͬѧǸçײͷ࣬һҰ֪ʶûУ治֪㿴һˣ
ҪܣһǰĴ󲿶ӣٺŲΰ˵
ͬѧĿŲΰһۣȫǰȥ
ŮεĴ£ǰƬԭʼɭֵĵһ۶¡
Ǳ߳Ѿ֮УƲݵıעصȥ
ԽǽӽƲݵλãԽоЩϢԽ
Щ˵Ŀ꣬ѵҲƲݣһ䣬׳ͨ˴粽еɭмǰͬһ֮ڴ֮С

ƶԭʼɭ֣Լ߰ס׵ĳλãһȺɭֵһƬյＯϡ
ȺϵϢͨȫͬ
ÿ˶ȣͬҪʵ
ܹһֽгĶ
Ⱥ˴ͳһʽɫװȥƱµ
ǵĿ֮ɫǰŮϡ
һһŮˣϢЩҪǿ᲻١
ҩĿγҺԬʦƶԭʼɭ֣Ϊҩݷ࣬һӣпܳһЩ͵ıҰޣʺѧһɫĿڵ
λΪԬʦŮӣ¶ʽ΢ЦҶҪסʦĻԭʼɭһҪСģҲ̫ţνıҰޣʵͱͨҰǿһѡ
Ԭʦһ䣬УһԼʮŮ֡
ʲô𣿡ԬʦЦʵ
츳ΪǳĹѧԬʦϲ
գ۾ʵԬʦʲôǱҰްôǵİٿƿûн̡
϶ˣǰٿƿεͷ˵һΪƤкȡЦ
һ䣬Ҳ׷Ц
ʱ˸˼ĵʦ̫ˣÿζ˯

Цøˡ
ʵǺһҲǾʦĿ˯
ˣҲҪЦˡ
ʦȽ࣬ĻЩкŮȫ͡
νҰޣʵͺһô򵥣ֻҰ޷ҲԶԶǹߣԱҰ޲ú£Ҫ˷ãΪҰ޿Ǻܺõ󡣡
֪ˣʦ
ղǸΪƤкֳûЦҪǺµĻԶҺŶ
ޣ˭Ҫһ߰Ըīߣ˵ſһλС΢΢һ졣




1189¡Ѱҩ
 

ĻٸˢˢλͻӢ˹ȥ
ŮǵĿ⣬Ľкһ֮ɫȻҲвĽʵģղǸƤк
ī꼶츳ߡǿѧһЩ꼶ѧҪǿ
ʦԬʦīĿ⣬Ҳǲһġ
ѧԺĽδ档
ȻҲкܶ˵īһҵͻᱻգѧԺ
յѡʲôֻҪīԼ֪
һεľѻᣬҽ㲻Ҫߡī˵ûʲôرС
ѧûʲôͬ
۽磬ͳ˵ĲΡ
뵽Ǹһơ¸߾޵ĹţīڵѪҺ궯
ǸˣռĿ꣡
īľܾ΢΢죬֪īһߡ
ī˵öԣѶȲߣʦǶԶɡԬʦǹ΢Цˣҳɣʱ֮ڣҵԽҩԽãҩݵΪĿ˱׼
õģԬʦѧ
չܵʦɫ˵ٴһ£ѧԺĹ涨ǲ׽ǽƬԭʼɭֿܻһЩοͣһҪǽӴ
ǣ
ڹʦԬʦĿʾ£īѧͷһýݵӰɭ֮С
·ϣʮ̸ֿܱ߽
ҪҪīߣᰲȫһЩ
ɵīôǿ棬˸ҩݣ
˵Ҳǣǻɣʱ
ƵĶԻѧ֮䡣
գû˸Һīͬ
ΪЩѧ֮УīΪʵ̫ǿˣѾԶԶ꼶ˮ׼ߣ
һѧϤʧ֮УԬʦʦһ˿˵Щӻǵһ֪вУ
İɣֲǹ磬ʲôΣգͨвЩӵģҰҲСʦǷǳ
Ԭʦֵĵһ˭
īĳѧ죬ҵƬɭֵߵƲݡʦֶĿ⿴ɭ
Ԭʦ̾һƲݿɲôҵģǹǿ߶֮ͣҲҲá
ûƲݳֵĵطǿıҰ޳ûǵѧֻīʵԸּıҰޣԱĵһīĪˡ
ʦ˵ô϶Ԭʦͷʾͬĵһȷʵûʲô
ʦһЩѧԺĻ⡣
Ԭʦ˵ѧǸʦϵ

īμɭϡ
ѽѧԺġٲȫ顷ù죬۾ܻҩݵ״
ЩҩݶߵʵǳҪ
īѾ֪صܿܳƲݡ
˸ݡٲȫ顷Ʋݵīżǿж϶ķֱȥ
ֻҪõƲݣҪѰҩݣͿñһȻõѧԺķ
ʸ裬ϴѧԺˣδһƾһңòģ
ǽڵ֮ףйǱʮΣ
ᳬ㣡
һҪĽϻ㣡
һ죬Ϳ쵽ˣ
īһеһѳԼʮ׵ɫ̽Ϸâǡ
ѱֻǰһƬƬҶӲݾ翳в˰㱻ƿ
λĹһ·磬ԭʼɭɢЩ޶īŻˡ
ȻīƲݿֵܳλãԼһ׵ʱ򣬸Ӧǰƺиˡ
οͣī΢΢ü
οͣҪʱرһˡ
ѧԺ涨򲻿Υġ
򽫻ܵĳͷ
īܿҡҡͷ
ǰֻһˣοͣ
ﲻοͲܶһܵ
˭īŵһͬһֻǰߵһòϡ
ùҰ֮īһ֮£¶֮ɫ
ͬʱԭʼɭֵһۣ¡
Ƭǧԭʼɭ֣мضΣһ׵Ĺָγ£һ㸡Ʈɢڹ֮䣬˵
һ·ڿ׳۵Ķ£ɵȫһϲɫһĿĸо




1190¡Խ
 

ɻǵųİȫĳȥţһֱǰߣӦҲסˡ
ɵ̬Ųΰ˳
ÿˣһˣôߵõ£϶·ˣ˵ﺰأŲΰû̵
ɵŲΰ㵽ûͬĵģͬѧֲĳˣôһͲӣ
ҿû˵ϣɭֻԼѰѣִֵ㵣ġŲΰʼ硣
˻Ϊһǰʧٵ磬˾ֺЦ
ʱǴֿߣ˹ŭŲΰҽͨˣ϶µģ
ҡŲΰʱ
ս̫ǿҺʹ趷졣
΢΢һЦǣųͬѧ£ǲǳҽҵθղŶˣܿоԮӹ
ҷſģﵣĳҲûãǵȾԮȥҳɣŮкһ
һȺοͷ׷ڶǰͷ羰߸գѷն׵⡣
ɻʱʱԤƣڶµĳλÿȥ
ȷʵѾ˶£ǲԶֻİ׵ľ롣
ﲻûеſԹ޴Ĺ֡
˳վڶǰһ£Ŀһµľ롣
վ±ϵľٶñϴīˡ
ͨࣿīٴü
κγ֮
Ҳ·ο͡
գīֻܰѳͨϲðա֪ͷࡣ
룬īȥϳ뿪
ѧԺ涨ǲͨٽӴȫܽӴ
Ͼϻͨ˶࣬ܲܿͶ㡣
ڵǱ޿ɱܵģ֪ǰǸͨˣʲôʱŻ뿪
ʱֻʱīκβضʧȥһ
һԾīʩչṦǳƮ˹ȥ
ֳûκηӦ֮īٴȷϳȷʵֻ׽ͨˡ
ιΣգ뿪īĮĿڵ
仰תϴһ˿Ȼ֮ɫ
ʵ͸Ӧһˣһǹߡ
û뵽߾Ȼ뿪
óɵĲ²⣬£ܿǴźһͼ
ǾƲݡ
ϾƲʮϧҩģԳ߶ôԲθ͵Ĺ˵͸ĵرˡ
˭ƾʲô뿪ĻӦ
īɫ΢΢һͨһûа
īص׽Լļ壬Щ֮˿Ļη
㲻֪ǹߣҲܴϸܵǿֲϢη塣
ȴһ㺦µı鶼ûС
ֻ˵²һ׵׵ͷࡣ
ûʸ֪ҵݣ֪˶ͨҲûκκô뿪īԼ˵Ѿܿˡ
ѧԺ涨ֹǶͨ˶֣úͨ˶˵һϻֱһƴγ
Ҳߡҡҡͷ㡭
δ˵꣬ī·𿴰׳һۿ˳һۣȻʩչṦ·ɱȥ
ī˼άܼ򵥣Ȼͷ˵ֱͨӱܿˡ
ҲܷѧԺĹƶȡ
ͨжϣ²Ʋݺܾܿڶ˺ԥ±ȥ
īʧµ֮УеЦá
оֹǸֳ߰嶯ȵһĻʸ裬סӡ
Ʋڶϣȴµױȥ൱ڰһˡ
뵽Χ֣ܿ߳ΪһʧƲݱժߣƵǱȥǴֱȥ¡
¶ĺ󣬳һ״̬
Ȼȥϰ׵ĳ̾롣
һ̣λΪһ磬۵糸㼲֮ǰһſԽ
ۣ쿴»ôķ񣡡
ߣοͿɫгµˣΪһֻ
Щ˷׷׽ֻͷ׼Ǹ򣬿ϧֻĵһģӰӡ
ҿǲӦԳɣûг򡣡Ҳˣ˷ܡ
ѵǴ˵еԳ̩ɽ
˵Ұأ
οǶ˷ܼŨŨĺġ
Щ˵еԳ̩ɽ˹ˮ֡Ұ˵ȵȣǳȤĴڡ
Ȼ󲿷ֶǼ˵ûеõ֤ʵ
ν֤ԳҰ˵ο˵ǲܵġ




1191¡
 

Ůһ˿ɫ
Ϊû˵ƬԭʼɭԳҰ˳û
ΪɽԴбˣŮζƬԭʼɭ֪֪ס
˵ʲôԳҰˣǴ͵Ұڡ
ٷĻŽ۹⡣
ǸղǸӰԽµĻ棬ŮԼ
ôһ֤ۻֻþ
Ǿ˵Ƭԭʼɭ֣û
ʲôŮԽԽǾûס
Ҫôο͵ȫһ¹ʶܳ
ղǸ£Ǻܽһ߹ô죿
Ů㷲ʱһֱΪ˵ĴͻȻڵղųҽ˵ˣǼԭʼɭ֣ܻԤϵΣգ˵ľǸ
֮ǰҶôϲ仰ȫò޵
ȻΣû֮ǰοǵ鵹Ƿǳŵǡ
ǸӰһ˲ʧˣûи˴ǿҵĿ־С
裬ҪǺµĻȻȥǲߵһأôܱʲôҰһž͵ͷŲΰǰԼĵ
οͶǺŲΰ뷨ô滹иľɫǲߵͣ½Ų
ˣҼǰ߰ɣͨţȥڶɫŮѹµǣкȥ
ʵŮҲǴ˽ԼôŶû⣬̫ġ
ղſǸӰΪʲôҰޣʵǴҴСˡ
ŮεĴ£οǻ˷ܵϵţΧƺͶµףһЩ˴̼ú
ߵһʱͻȻ֮䣬һͳֲֿ˻͸Ӷµĳλÿ˵ĶС
ԭ˷ܵĺ˺µļС
żʮˣȫҰ˻ŵɫҰס
侲һ£Ҫ£Ůæο
ʵԼ嶼ֹסĲ
źü꣬ʲôʱ
£ĳҰ޳ˡ
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ΣǿȥɣҪǱҰ׷군ˣǰŮκ
ԱߵŲΰѾŵ˫ȷ˵ˡ
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ԷһͷҰ׷Ůٴαþοǳȥ
𣡡
¶ٴδһӸ߰ĺŵŮֻ㶼ȡ
Ųΰ˫͵һЩûվס
ȫھʧ֮Уûڶ̺η塢ʡŭ
Ůδʱ·ȥһڵ绰Ұ޺
ͨ绰˾ӣڶγƶʡ羫ӢĳⲿյϢ󣬵һʱɽԴ߸Ϲ
ȻزôľٶŮκȴǲ֪ˡ
ſ˳ԭʼɭʱԽµĳһͷëڡһԱ۾ıӶš
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ڳ͸ͫ۲£ڱŵǳɫ⻪
ó֮ǰԳɽİǡ
ʱͷͨԣǲûǰͷڱ
ȻҰޣҲ
һһ˵ڶţ˵ǳڵѹȱӺˡ
˵һ֮⣬ڱͲ˺ˡ
Ϊĺ棬һԼʮ׸ߵɫҩݡ
ҩ̺ȺڱҪŨö࣬ǳҪҵƲݡ
𣡡ڱ˻оǰ࣬޷ǿ
˲ֹս
ڱֻ֪ҪԼͻ˲丶Ĵۡ
ȵ
ڱһһĵĵͷܣܿʧɭ
ߺڱߵƲǰƲժŽ׼õСҩ
ת뿪ʱǰ治Զ£һˡ
ǳղĹī
ҩУīﲻװʲô
ֻīķǳǣô¶ģ
ղųԽʱīڶ͵±ѰҩݣϾ̧ͷһΡ
ڱ˻ī뵽Ʋݺܿ¶棬ſ
ֻֻ֮ҩУػƲݵıҰȴˣ˿īһĲ˼֮ɫ




1192¡ظ
 

īУֻǸͨ࣬ô׾پժƲݣ
ͷػƲݵıҰأ
ֱҰ޾ͨĸ񶷹ھԸˡ
ܱǰͨʰ
ѵ⸽һλ֣
īܿ²⣬иʹƲˣûκصıҪ
̶̼֮ڣīĸ²⣬ǰ˼⡣
ι㵽ôõƲݵģͷҰأīûпڱ֪ػƲݵıҰʲô
īĻ߹ȻҲǳƲġ
شī⡣
ֱīĴڣ±ȥ
û˵ī˲䱩ŭ
һͨ࣬ȻҶ
ֱǶĪ裡
ŭ֮£īɲѧԺֵͨĹ涨ˡ
ͳˣ㶯Ҳû߿
īֻǴγҩжѡ
һīΪһɫӰʩչ߳Ṧ˹
գ֮䣬īӵǰһĳ׼γ
Ȼһ˲䣬īͻȻд󾪣ΪܵһȺϢӳӿ
أ
īȻܵγһĪܵľɵһԣˤϣоȫͷҪɢˡ
Ȼľʹī˿̵κˣ̫ˣ
ָͷûһ£ֻ΢ͷϢͽɳȥ
֣һز¶Ĵ֣
һ̵īֱӽ͹Щ˵еĳǿϵ
˵ѧԺԬʦʦѧԺԺһɡ
ϾѧԺʵѧ֮һ
ǰʲôˣڵϵīѿʵ
ĳƺҲˣ˾η
ûлش𣬶ȻһԾ
Ȼīһ档
ֻ߸һԾչᣬ죬µĲٿԽ¶棬ͷҲصȥˡ
īĿɿڴ
һֱԼṦѧԺѧõģһЩʦȶضá
ǿԽµһĻīԼֻһֻЦľ֮ܡ
λǰʲôˣ
ǻʸ裬ҲĶְɣ
ͷ֮īȥ

īôûԭʼɭĳյأʦ΢΢ɻĿڵ
ԬʦҲǷǳ棺īʵ˵ʱһʱˣӦõһŶԡ
λʦֵʱɭͻȻܳһ
ֻһɫߴ˵ܡʦԬʦˣīˣ
ʲô
ʦԬʦüͷ
īǹȥ
ͷλʦ·ȥ
·ϣλʦһλѧī顣
īƺ˻ˡԲѣλʦȫ־ŭ
˭ҴѧԺѧ
ܿ죬˵˵ص㣬ڵϻԵīʦ߹ȥ顣
īߵǸѧվһԣɫҲЩǡ
ˣ𣬲û˼ʦ֮󣬺Ԭʦһһ
û뵽ԭʼɭУִڣīܺҩݲУˡ
ԬʦΪŮԣ˼ϸ壬ܿжϡ
ߣ˻ʶ࣬ҶѧԺѧ֣ʦŭ˵ҹ֪Ǽһ˭һĲ
ʦȰīȥ˰ɡԬʦһ䡣
ĵͷīԬʦһѧһ뿪¡

һߣ߳ԭʼɭ֡
һοǾͱɭļһѡ
ǱΪֻɽԴеľԮû뵽ԶԶֹ
һ¡Ϣ꣬ͼʮźɫƷ֪ʲôݵɽԴоվһȫһࡣ
ɽԴо֣ȫԱȫˣллǹԮŮδǰȥ
Ǹƺôǣŵʵԭʼɭûпһˣ
ʲôˣŮαʵһ㶡
֣ʰɡǶӴűµУ߳һڼп˵꣬ΣʡӵĴӳѲڶǱߣǷ񿴵һǳɫţп㡢Լʮͷ
ضӳ˵ǡŮڻع
ԣǳԱȺɫƷ߳һΣҽлԽл֣Ǵ˴ѲԭʼɭжҪˣ鷳ҳֵλ
οǼλͷĴ￪ڣѯ֮ǰŵǸСӣ˲ɵôסˡ




1193¡
 

ŵļʮοУɽԴе쵼Ѿǵλܸߵˡ
ȻվֵĵλȻ͵ġ
λӴӳѲʡľ羫Ӣƽʱֻű￴
Ѳƻ󰸣ƶʡ̬ɱ˰ģνƶĴ˵
ǹѲȻ߼ĸˣ˴ξԮжͷοȫʶǸл
ԽǲʶԽǾлֵλߡء
ۿ֡йزšĴοĶЩż
رǳŲΰЩˣʵ̫ˣ
֡ضӡлλ󶯸ɸ꣬ȻֻΪǸͬѧ
ѵǸͬѧݲͨˣ
ô²⣬ò𰸡
Ů֮ɫشл͹Ѳ⡣
ͺŷֿԽԭʼɭʱл͹Ѳһۣ˶е㵣ǡ
类ʵ۷Ƭԭʼɭֻʵ̫ˣҰ޳ûĸֶһ˽ɭ֣һܰȻ
л֡ضӳҿ˵仰𣿡Ǹһֱ绤Ĵվ˵
лæʵʲô˵
֮ǰǲǸŵߵʱôȫһӰԽ£Ҷ˵ԳҰˣҲпǳ˵ԼĿ
⻰ŵοǾԸе
ʲôʱˣ軹ҳ
һ࣬ôܷԽôԶĹ֣Ÿ߹ھ
˶ô⻰˵̫ˡ
ȻǸȻǣǸлֺ͹ضƺûΪĻŭ¶ϲ֮ɫ
㣬˵ǸӰȷʵܿǳô˵ֵĵص㣬ڶǱߣ
лοǾ׵ĻʮҪؼϢԭɫչˡ
ǾʹӶǱɣλ㣬ܲϸ˵ǸӰʱǶԶѲʵ
ҪشŲΰȴȵǣضӳĻĻǺ𣿡
Ӱ참޹˵ྲǵѰҳʱΨʣѲŲΰ
ŲΰȻһ˵ˡ
ŲΰһۣȻŻشѲĻʱڡ
˵ˣҾ
軰δ˵꣬ͱһƽ͵ϡ
ͥɢԭʼɭ˳
һʱ䣬Ŀɿڴ
ߣųһˣȻ߳Ƭԭʼɭ֣
Ͼǰ·ԭ·أǽδ֪Լ߳ġ
һԭʼɭ·Ҫ߳Ѷж޷ġ
󲿷ϲðյġ¿ѡڸɽɭ֡ɳĮ֮У
ͬѧû̫ˣɸ˵Ľг
Ųΰȴһôߵó
ܲϣ߳Ц΢ķʵ
Ųΰʵһϣ˹ʺˣ
ȷʵŲΰŵ˶ó̫ˡ
ŮԼɭδ֪򣬶ұ֤ô߳
Ųΰ仰һȴɽԴѵҶԳ˵
ʵҶµóλǰԮݿ϶򵥡
˭Ҳû뵽ɽԴֶԳ˹
ŲΰɫǺ죬֣ܲͬѧֻһûҵĴѧô
ѧΪֻһѧֵԽԽˣ˼ҵ˵ܰ
ôһ˵ﻹǱݵλߵĴ
Ҿ˵ϼŵĳҽ֮ǰǻţΪԼ֮ǰгݶ⡣
ŲΰӵĿڵǳҽǻֵܱλ𣿡
СѣǴ͹ǳˡл΢΢һЦȻ˵ҾôݳݰɣƶʡһּҪʺá
ʲô
Ŷˡ
˱óǳҽѾܲһˡ
ƶʡһֶ𾴣ôĵλָøߵʲôز
ĿתĶų֮ɫе㸴ӡ
ԭΪǸǳͨӦú׷õء
û뵽˼ϼŵϯҽʦҽʵݸߡ
ԺиһٻӰ֮ǰϿϼŵŮܲᰣּŮϳҽ
뵽ɺ֪֮˼
ŲΰһһףĻֲ̿
ҧҧǾǿӣߵǰϹϾĵͷԲ𣡡




1194¡ɽˣ
 

ֻǵŲΰһۣʲôû˵
ڵУŲΰֻһֻϡһˡ
ȻŲΰϻ̳ϿֵĵǸҲüƽϡ
⸱Ƶ̬ȣŲΰܵһ㱩
˼ĵǸ̫ˣһεİ
֮ɫŲΰʶȤ˻س˵ߡ
֣˴ŻɽԴаɡѲڵ
ֵͷǰͳʺһõĵͷӦһϲ»Żˡ
λȻɽԴžĵλּ֪ԶԶʲܻ춼Īҡ
֮ͬǰԽµ𣿡ߵɣعͷʵ
ŲΰҲعͷ
ûлشɵĻֻ΢΢һЦ
ζɫɴһ£𺳡
ŲΰǵҲɲࡣ
û̫ˣƲҵ𣿡ִ뿪леĿ
΢΢һЦҵˣ˵͹Ѳôģ
֮ǰлæҩģл֪˳ᵽɽԴеԭʼɭ
ǳȴףл͹ѲôԼĶ飬
Ůα˾˵ƬԭʼɭֳҰޣҵĳ鷳֪ͨ˹ضӳһлʵ
¶Ȼ֮ɫͷԭˣλˣǻȥɡ
ǣ
л͹Ѳûᵽԭʼɭ﷢ʲô£ҲҶʣ˸ڳ棬ɽԴзȥ
صɽԴ֮󣬳л͹ѲԴظԼϱŷ½GTȫٿƶʡỨС
Сʱ뻨ʱͻȻ洫һĺһ
Թһ£棬һȫʻ
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ɽٰ쳵ͨƵǰһȾŻͷŻ۵е
³ȻʵʲôȨͨɽ
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ǰİɫǽƵĸ٣оԽĻһ٣ôµģ
Բ𣬾٣Ͻ˰һ˹ŵĸ٣ǸĶŶԽ˵
ĸ٣˶ԽԱʱȡ֯Ա㱨ɽ·
˹٣ƺԾܾηӣǣͷٰ죬ֺþ
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Ϊŷ½GTԽԽ
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̲סһıΪԼ˲ˣ٣ô˵
˭ĻԺͲˣȻӶԽﴫ˹
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ΪΪڳսϣ
ٶô˵ˣ˭Ҷҿ壡ú˷ܣŲȵ˵ס
֮䣬ɽ
·߹ʱŮǣ˷Ǿ棬ѵôͿʼˣ
֯Ա֮ǲ֪ԭ١Ǻһ·˱Ͼˡ
ԭҪɽٽʽȴ˼ƻ




1195¡Ư
 

ĿǰڵһǾٵķڶٵİ˹·˱󣡡
Խﴫʱȫñûʲôˡ
Ϊٺǵĳһģְҵ֡
λصľ٣һķȣҲûгĻᡣ
ټͣټͣɽĳսǴսǿһкХȫź
ЩԸеŮӣеø𾢡
ȻƶʡڵĸǼǮȴǹαи٣ôãЩŮһ
еźܿƻˡ
ΪĿŷ½GTȻǰ
ҳ̬ǳϻһĻߡ
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Ƕ׳Ե£ȴ׾ٵʱߵ
ҿҲۻ˰ɣղƯƣ
Ưƣ˭òְҵְɣ
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⻹ǵһ䣬ͱѵٺĶˣ
١ٵĳٵGTR

ɽɽսǴһƬȻ֮
һȻôţ
ɵ㣬ѾǱļˡǷǳͺ漸˺ܳľ룬ڶõٶˡ
ķӰӶ
ٹȻóѾ׷׵ľ룬һɧԱڶԽƨ
ٶŮǵһС
ߺܵȴǸоѹԽԽ
ΪͨӾԽԽ
˵ĿųıԼٶȳԽѵĺ
ˣֳˣѾٰ˹ٵĺ棡󣡡
ԱĴ㱨սŮŮȫ¶֮ɫ
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ЩǸˣƯּǶᣬǲÿ䶼ãΪƯ̫Σˡ
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ݣķ̲סһ֡
źӾ·һӰħǰ㣬ٸŭּ˲ѹͷһϸ
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仰һ㣬һҪˡ
ȷǳٲ̫ɽڹ䣬һƬռ䣬һȵķʽȥ
ͲŻôǸıƯơ
Ȼһ̣پ㵵ĵɴ飬ֻȻ졢ɽڿͬβǰƯƳһߣ
ԲۣʧС
һգۼ䣬ͳʧ֮У˲䳬İ˹
ôоٵĽе㲻Ծ
̫ˣ̾ҴûôƯƣ
ߣ˵øƵģ٣ʶ̫ˣ
ΪȻ
ɲΪһľְҵ֡
Ҿְҵ֣Ҳ
ΪͨˣƿͷԷӦҪԶˡ
Ǽ綥֣ΪԼκˡ
ٱˣֻʣ¾٣
һɽĹȫ
Ϊĳͺƽһûʲôرû뵽·ɱкϷˣ
ȻǻǸӿþ
Ϊķһľ룬־Ѿ㹻ʤˡ
ԼҲǳأӽĲ֮£һ·ܹʧ
ı覣Ҳ׷뷢ӳС
ǰʱɫ΢΢һݡ
뵽ղݱһĳֻ֡
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ĲԱȻĳȫΪлᡣ
Ȼһʱȴ΢΢üͷ
Ϊˣ
ߣȻƲȴţӿٶȡ
ðƯƼʣµ䣡




1196¡·ʤ
 

ıǳֵļ̬
Ӳ̬ȣ·ʤ
ûʲôˮֽݾԣǶǵӰݵġ
ֻ֪ҪԼĲκʧӽûκλᡣ
һ򿪳ȵľȴĪоѹޱȾ޴
ǰǿĶ֣ûǸѹ
һͨˣҲ棡͵һ̣ʼƯƹˣ
Ķ̥ڵĦһּӺ޲صĻһĻߡ
ѾǾܹƯƻȣɽڵľǳС
Ưƹ䣬ɽڵľԽ˵ƯƼԽ
׷ҪʵԽķǿ߹䡣
ȻͨǼӲޱȵɽڣ׷䳬һղײɽڣǾ൱Ѱ·ˡ
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ǾϾͺ֮ǰһɴ۾סӾ
ŷ½GTҲķɽ֮䣬޵ĲƯƹ䣡
ɽڣȫƾֵǿӲƯƣܲײӾЧȴǾޱȣ
ȫĶ𺳵Ըӡ
ףٸղΪʲô˵Ươˣ
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Աޱȵĺʱɽϵķ֮ﵽ㣡
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ɨɽŮŮһۣʵ
A9527
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㿪ʼƸᰵͺĵҩ
İ˲ΡѪ¹׺Ʋϡҩļ룬ƶԳ˵ûκѶȿԡ
ֻҪķһʱ䣬Ƴɹ
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Ƴ߹ۣӱ§סĲӣ忿ڳ󱳣˵Ҳòã
У㲻ᰣӵʣʱ޷һֻƴסƳε֣΢΢תͷƳλðա
Ƴһ˵ʱǲ˵Ժл
˵һ˵õȮɵĻǼȮܴȥ壬ɿʲô
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ƳεЦ䣬ҹˣٰ͹ȥ᰷á
ΪھסķٹƳߡ
ڶϣҪţȴӵһ绰ǻʸġ
ԭʸʦڤѾźóȥƶѧԺʦ飬顢׿ѧˡ
ܾͿȥѧԺ
һóݣʵݽѧԺҽҩʦ
ҽƶʡҪôٽΪĵҩҳˣҩҽ֪ʶǱ޿γ̣ѧԺÿϳҽ
Ϊ֮ǰѾӦ˻ʸ裬ʱȥѧԺѧԺλʱΪ졣




1197¡ס
 

ԭƶѧԺλãʡᲢԶ
ҲЩšλɽ֮Уʡ幫ϡ
ͻʸͨ껰󣬳ȥϼʡ᰷ܲ͸ͫ۲ҩ֮ٿȥʡס
סʡѧǸ·˳㷢Ÿ׿硣
׿֪ԼܾͿ书һǴ˵еĹ䣬ôӽܳ
;ãֻҪܽѧԺ߿
Ͼ׿ҵı׿²μӸ߿ʲô¡
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ѧǸĵضοɲˣʱ򣬰ҲͦǮģ֪ĸʲô⡣
뵽ΡڶǱߵѧӰĴ˵ΡԼ۰ŮӺܶǮ
һӶǰűˣ߳һλվдŲӢŮ顣
ˣɡϹЦ⡣
΢Ҫķӣķǳˡ
֮ǰƳԡ﷢һĻӹһĨ糺졣
߽ʱȴע⵽ſЬϷһ˫˵Ьӡ
ó΢΢һ
ƽֻᰡסߣôһ˫˵Ь
ע⵽ɫ죬ͣ룬۵ӹһ˿֮ɫôˣ
ûʲô˿𣿡Ȼʵ
ʵһ⡣
鶢ųƺ뿴ġ
ȴʲôﲻеʧ䡣
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ϲ㣬¶ˡ˵仰ע⵽һ˿仯ƺܾȣԽܵӡ
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⣬һֱ
Բ޷ύѡ
˵˼ҳٳٵòӦҲһ
ƾʲôŮҪ㣿
Գһ䡣
ųƺе䣬ķȴǵõ㡣
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һûɵࣺܶҲ㲻ǣ˫Ь˭ģ
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ŻȻ򣬰Ըһֱûѣѽݣ׵ܾ˵ͨˡ
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סˣ㣬ǾͿԽƶѧԺʱͿˡ
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ǳ¶һ˿֮ɫĵܵܣȻ
㣬ѻʲôóϵģƶ˵ţİ㿴ų㣬Ҳ䵱ҽѣǼǮð

ܾܵЩӵ˻죬ǰ˻òģȴӵȾˣ˵ġ
ôˣ㣬˵𣿡ƶԼԳıӣҪ˧þ춯أƥòȻ˵ȫ׸ƶ׸ɣеģһ׼ܴõ
ϼϯҽʦҽġ̲סΪ⡣
ҽô˵˴򹤵ҽƶʾм
㱻ܵ㹻ˣ֪ҽ棬ҳ书һأ
书ͣ
ƶһЦ㣬书ĸѾˣʶһѣ˼ҵ书ǲŽиߣ㾭˵ʲôʦˣһָͷģͷҰλѽܸ㣬ѲźأһϽ˦˰ɣ
ž
ƶ˵꣬һƽʵʵϡ
²ƶסˣ鶼ûϵ




1198¡˫
 

ʵԼƶĻǳ֣̫ˣ붯ֽѵһµܵܵġ
û뵽ǰˡ
㡢ҴңƶգǷŭš
С󣬳㣬˭Ҵһ£
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ȷʵˣһȴǴԼܵܵһϡ
㣿ƶ˦ƣһ˲˶ɵ
Լ׽Ȼ׵ܣ첲գͳһ𣬶˸˫
һע⣬ϸѧôѧˣ´Ǹĺǳ
ƶԳ쭵ģ뵽׽֣ļԸҲֻƲ˵Բ
ΪƶԸ˵һǾûеڶ飬Ҫɳˡ
֪Ϊʲô𣿡ʵ
ôһʣһŭƶĵ״Ϊ㱻˵ˣ䲻ҽ㣡
ԡҡҡͷղŵĻҲʹҴΪϣɽ쭳Σͨȫ
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֯ɽǸ٣Ϊĳ֣ûоٰɹƶûֺõһϡ
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ȻҾˡ
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Ȼƶ֪ҲǮˣϾżıУǵǮ;һȣʲôҲǡ
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Ĵֻܴ˺ѣ;ˡο
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ѵһֵŮ˼鴩ϰɫUBܲЬͳš
ѧ棬һҵαȽϸߵĲԷ
ˣĵ绰
㣬ҽܸѸʶԱǸճµĺһٱӦûǸŰɣƶڵ绰ʮڵ˵
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ǺǣġƶҶ˵绰
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Ǹһ˼з꣬һ˲ѧע⡣
Ϊоĳʡѧ̫ˣ




1199¡
 

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㣬λ˵ľ٣;ٱȣǸ㻹Ǳͳˣɣ
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㣡Բ־Ҫȥƶ
ƶϣ㵽ȥ
飬ȱʮֵȳԷ
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˼ҾֻʣǮˣճµôٱȣ
ȴǿһۡ
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Ȼ⸱ƣԱȴʱҹˡ
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1200¡
 

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ʵͨУѾǮˣϾٶı
Ǻײ׸ĶӾ١
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ʲôãҪ;Ǯ
ⲻҿ
˼Ҫұ˭͵ö̧ࣿ㶢ų
ҿûô˵ϵЦ⣬ֻ鿴еζ




1201¡ӱ
 

仰ھǾˣˡ
ôұˣһΪûһǧļпأ
ǾٸһǧŮٻʹȱȣʵģǮ͵ͷڹˣղŵأƶ¸ˡ
ţ˵˭ᣬ˵ǲˡ
Χ۵Ĵѧԭеѹġ
ڿȴһ㶼ֵͬˡ
ҶΪŮǰװȣӵˡ
Ȳ˼ҾٵǸҲ͹ȥˣǵװȣⲻװˣ
㵹˵仰ưˣƶＫоϱһƣȫˡ
ɫһƽȷҪұȴͣ
ڶЦ𣿡Ӱ㿴ų㶼ܴͳȥһǧ򣬾㲻Ҹ
ȻϣҲ¶һмı顣
̲סЦٻϣУͶ٣ٷ־һӱͣûޣҲң
ɡ¶һΪѵӡ
Χ۵ĴѧǣóǿװȣҪԴˡ
ʱܺˣУǷǳ͵ӡ
Ȼ֪ٶĺҲŵڣҲͶˡ
˼ҾأϰǺʡǱе׸
ڣ˵Ҷʮ֮һʲôȣ
һ֮Ÿսչ˶֪
ҴӦ㣬ôȰȰƶֱˡ
ûôɵˣȻҸǮ
Ȼƶ֮ǣģȻЦӣ΢΢ΪʲôҪȰųġ
ϻˣʼɣȲҪݺݴˡ
ֱһǧȥȻȫ͸ǲʣ
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ǲֱĵĻ˲䱬ը
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ȴǶǸǳеġ
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룬سӦõ˰ɣϾǧôøġ
㲻ӱֻǧһ㣬һڵĸѹҲǷǳġ
ΪҲڿɶֽڵļҲóֽҲСǧ
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ץԼԴͷ۵ף״
ˣȫˣ
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Щһֳӱôλϵ
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ǿڰ
㾰׸֮ӣҲô棡
ιֵˣŸʲôǹֵЦ⡣
Ѿ̲סһЦˡ




1202¡ѹʽʤ
 

仰Ǻɫ࣬ƿԡ
ҪǼȥô͵óĸڴǲʡ
ôǮȥѾǵ棬ڰܼˡ
һֱǮǮľһԥ
þү׸֮ӣǮɣмʵ
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ھȻ˵ɡǮ׸֮Ӷװ
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ѾЦý΢ӰˣǵһЦô
ڳˣֻ֪ͳȴŸǶô޴
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治ֱ֪ôһǱ
ʵǱѾˣֱô
Ӱӵɡôһ̨ʣúǮŰվǮˣղŸž衣Ǯֺ󣬺ǮյǮ߷ˡ
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Ϊ治Ҹˣ֪νǱ֮󣬾ĵˡ
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ǲʿĻ֮󣬱ܾġ
ͻȻյһ΢ţı⣬ֱӦ˾
þӵ־ˡ
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ǰΧ۵ĴѧǶԾ仰֮Աǡ
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ʮҽȥ˵ʮָ߰ǲʣҪԹԹƣԺǾٵŮˡ
˷֣ýǮݺѹĳƺһ衢ı鶼ûС
֮ǰһƽ
ƶǳˬ֮ǰͺֱܿ߳顣
ճµģٴһ°ɣƶϸֳŪɫʵٴôǮȫ˻




1203¡û
 

˵仰ƶų
ڴӳϿʵı仯
ȴ޶Ƶģ΢΢һЦŶ𣿡
飬ȴ̲סַһЦ
ŪöЦˡ
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ҲǮ·𿴰׳һƶԼǮΪʲôҪأ
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ȵȣ𣿡
һ仰þȻתͷ




1204¡̣
 

ţʮ֮󣬾Ȼҽסһû
þǻŭ˲䱬ը
ȰʿɶֹһḶǳʹĴۡ
ʿɶֹղŶҺ鲻ˣһû㡣ɲʲôϺˡ
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仰ȫˣ治Ź
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ž
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ͨʯСһۡ

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˭֪ǲ˵˵ѣ滹Ҫ۲졣˫ֱأĶ档
Ҳ°ɡֿǲʣǲʣ⡣




1205¡ǰѧԺ
 

ƶһ׽ԱߣͻȻ뵽ʲô¶֮ɫ´磬ǸͨˣôӣԺǲӦ
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ֻҪΣѧԺ飬ݱһè壬Ҳûκιϵһ²һ¡
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λӽ쿪ʼǽƶѧԺ䣬סһҪϸѧԺأѧԺκ鶼Ҫܡ¬ʦһȥһ֣صѵ




1206¡ųʦ
 

û⡣ڸʻϣͨӾº׿һۣм¬ʦ֪ҽѧԺ֮ܲѧ䣿
⡭¬ʦ΢΢һ㵡
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Сʱ֮ˡ
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ʦڰ֮ǰǲʣȻʷ༶
ʸߵͷΪұĿǰΪֹ󲿷ֶǶ츳ȵġ
ȿȣֻҪʵһ㲻⡣¬ʦæʦԲ
ʦȴǲΪȻⱲֻ徳۷壬Զͻƶ˵ˡ
ʮӺĶֵ׿ʡ
Сò֪Ρʦ׿磬ǰһϲС⣬ʲô֣
ҽ׿硣
ʦ˵Ŀ⣬׿еŤŮǽϰʦ
ôŮɫǣʮǡʮ绢ʦһͷĸϻ
׿Ȼе㲻֣ǰֱ۷ŵϡ
һ㡣ʦְֻ׿ֱһͨ
ŶӵеˣʦԹһֻ֮ɫ
ӴʾȻбϣǽ챨츳ߵġʦǰһ漴¶ϧ֮ɫϧľǱ˹ʻܸһ㡣
гʦڣҾ˹Ҳ⡣׿粢ûΪʽϵͶɥ
ʦ΢΢һ㶣ʦ˭
λ¬ʦܵ
ʦɨ˳һۣѧʮˣһ۾Ϳûһ츳
ѧԺеҽҩʦʦֳûй츳жϣ׿С˧磬λʦ׽ҽҲ޷ƳϺõҩˣ㻹ǿԼŬɡ
ųʦ׿ᶨĵ
¬ʦں氵ҡҡͷҲ׿Ӻܺãϧܹˣǹҩʦֶһεúã˵޷ĳ




1207¡ֻ뵱ʦѧ
 

׿Գ˾ηĤݣʦ޷⣬ѵԼܿ۲ɣ
ǲܵ飬λʦҽ֮ûʲôر֮
ˣһʦڰ֣ôƯϵˡ
˾ݸ
ȻʦԼԼ
˭ʱܱƯ
ʦһ˫ֱ˹ȥ
ףʦɫ־ϲ
¬ʦǵһοʦ¶ɫ̲סʵôˣʦΣ
׵ȣȻǼ׵Уʦץ֣·ץʲôϡ䱦Ƶġ
仰һڣö䶯ˣ
ƶѧԺﵽ׵ʵëǣ
Ǽ׵еʣܲڳʦϲ
׵УζѧԺһλż
ԼҲǷǳģе㵣Լ׽ѧ֮󣬻ԵĽ͹츳ûʲôӰ졣
ʦ˫Ŀ⣬ֵúϲ£죺Сҿʮ꣬Ѿѽ׶ΣǼȻǼ׵еĶʣôͲˡ
¬ʦǶʦĻûκ
ƶѧԺһλʼ׵µĴһʱ˴徳۷壬ڶͻƶǱǰ
˵׼ʵ
úŬһꡢ֮ڣпܳΪѧԺǰʮѧʦЦݹ
ллվҪߵȥ
ʱһλԼʮꡢīɫǳεߵǰЦڵƹ֪ǷԸΪϻݵѧ
ӻһڣڳѧ׷׶ͶȥĽĿ⡣
ԭϻݺͳһҲǽƶѧԺְʦ
ڶУϻݿɱȳǿ̫ˡ
ϻǹһʮֳɢޣɣûʦ̵ȴһǿ䣬ѧԺһֱʮڽϻнʦ
ϻ𣬺ͨʦһʸʮҵӣЩҵӿԵõϻݸĽ̵ڡ
ǼϻΣΪǿΪҵӡ
Ȼڳûһϻݵۡ
ڲ˸ʱϵ׿磬иѹһ顣
ϻݰУ̲סˡ
飬λʦȻְʵѧԺڶʦ֮£Կһ¡¬ʦ΢Ц
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ϻݿ¬ʦһ۱ʾлȻڴĿ
һ쵱ƶѧԺʦеһ׵ʵŵѧôϻ˲ܳΪѧԺʦ
ҫϻ򲻻
ȴһֱûпڴӦ
˿Ůֽŵı֡
ƹҿʺҵĶžѧ罣ֻҪΪҵѧͿʽŽ㡣ϻݺǺһЦ
׳Լĵѧ᲻ġ
ڳѾһƬˡ
ǿǹɢޣϻݵĶžѧ
ȹѧԺĴ·֪Ҫ߼Ρ
󲿷ʶߣһ޷ѧԺĸ߼
ֻҪӦϻݣͿ罣ڳĽöˡ
⻹ӦǾûӣ
ʦ¬ʦϻ׳еʮֲ˼顣
Уžѧᴫܶʦͽʱһ֡
ϻݾѶžѧΪȻǸе档
ΪѧԺ涨ʦѧΪʽӡ
˾ϻΪѧҵ֮Ҳϻݵͽܡ
ϻȻ֪涨ģһԵǳ
鳤۽ë˶ϻ֪Ķˣǲһ˿Ц⡣
ʵ罣ֻĶžѧ֮һǿĹ̸Ҳûʲô
Ŀ󷽣ޱûʽʦѧԺﲩһ
˼Ҳ뵱ѧ
һ仰ϻݵ뷨Ц⽩Ӳϡ
˲һȻ
Ȼܾˣ
飬ȿѧԺʦ𣿡¬ʦܿ췴Ӧ
û
ǵġ˵ţȥֻ뵱ʦѧ
ʲô
ȫһƬȻ
飬ȷҪʦѧ¬ʦʵʦûһ츳̲ġ
ҺȷܼܵʦѧԸѧ




1208¡°
 

⡭¬ʦסˡ
ǵһοԻǰ̵ѧ
׵еĶ츳ȻҪһϲΪʦⲻǰװ˷츳
СɿˣѧԺĿꡣʦҲ̲סѡ
ɫȻ֮ǰѾʦ䣬ֻѧԺĹȻٴڸҾС
¬ʦڳʦˡ
óûй츳ֻҪܿѧԺĹ̵ܽ
䣬ȴȫ򹦷ľ粢ûˡ
ǳֻһ׽ҽȲ˹еˡ
ʦˡֱԣǼ׵ʣûǸˮƽ̵øѧԺʦΪá
ȻѧѾѧԺҪѧ֮һ¬ʦҲòȰ
ֻҪΪѧ飬ʦС
ȴ΢΢һЦΪʦҲ̵飬ԸӦòΥѧԺ涨ɣ
仰¬ʦƿԡ
Ӧˣȷʵǿȳı⡣
ʦٿǡ
¬ʦ˵ˣѾ˵ʲô
¬ʦٴֻܿϻݡ
ܾϻһֱεվȻ˼֮ˣô˵ܾȷʵܶӡ
ϻݺ̬ܿ¹΢Ц׿˵С׿ҿ棬ȻܹˣҲΪѧ
Һһֻ뱻ʦ̵
׿ԥĻظϻٴɫһϡ
²̨ˣ
һʵȻҲܾ
һнΪ
ϻݲ˼Ǻ޳˿ôô˳ۡ
λֻԸʦ̵Ҳܺãǵľϻ¶崺ЦݵʱתΪʦĻʱӭǡ
ڳʦϻݵķȡ
׿翴ϻݶԳĿˡ
ʦɡ̴ľһʦк
ǰȥǩһϵкͬͱЭ顣
ѧԺ涨ʦҪһ༶ҲΣֻһ꼶߰ûаˣʦİΣӦûʲôɣʦƤ̧̧ʵ
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ƶѧԺĿģڤ˽Ůܣҵѡ񽣻ڡ
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ڽѧ䣬ûǸ¡
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Ӧôɴ࣬ʦ̲ס̧ͷ˳һۡ
ʦ¬ʦҲ¶һ˿Źֵ
¬ʦ˵һ꼶߰࣬ѽ̵İ༶ûκʦԸ⵱ǸİΣԲԣϻǹһǳĻȡ
ȷд¡¬ʦشЩΡ
һ꼶߰࣬ǸЩ츳׽ѧԺǮܽġ
ȻƶѧԺڹһɲСҲҪõ׽Ǯơ
һ꼶߰׽ӵһ츳ĸѧ
ϲ㣬ʦϻݺεıԼֻ
һʼ׵Сһϵô
ϻݿɲΪ̺ܽѧ
Ҫһ꼶߰İΣѧѧʵ£йͷ۵ģ
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һ඼ǲô
ܲΪ̲ãͰƸˡ
Ͼǰ涼ûʦҵһ꼶߰İΣܴӦѾǸѧԺˡ
飬׿磬ȥһ꼶һ౨
ֻ뵱ʦѧ
ʦ͵ѧԺѧ䣬кܶศγ̣ƽʱЩΣҪһ꼶һĿϣ֪𣿡
׿˵νһۣȥɣҡ
׿ֻøһʦǰһ꼶һĿá
ʦҸ˵һ꼶߰Ŀλġ¬ʦų߳¥ָָǰԶĳᡣ
һǼ;ͺ͹ŴԺ˽Ӳ࣬Ƶͦŵġ
ʦҾͲȥˡһ뵽ѧԺȺѧ¬ʦһͷ
л¬ʦǼȥ
˵һµİΣ˵ûУ
һ꼶߰ʮѧ仰ʱ۷׷ס
ļٵģʦǰ൱Σ
˵ְʦ֪ǰ٣ôһѧֱһӵܵļ
ӵܣǾͬʯС
ܹ̿ȥ棬ôһĵӣ˶ܺ棬һÿһɫǺڵġ
׵رһֱ˵ʲôԭ
°ǽͺúдͻȻڣѱһܵĻȫ°ϡ
ⲻȫѧ
ܿ˷ɣһ°εʵô죿
ǲɵѧԺôΪǿʦΣ¶ְλѧԺЩʦɵġ
仰ȫѧһ˿֮ġ
ʱ˽




1209¡
 

һ߽ãһ꼶߰ʮ˫ѧ۾ˢˢ˹ȥ
һ֮£ѧʧ
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һݣǾƽƽ档
༶ʮûֻоݺݵĵɴ۾
һ̾ı飬ʵ̫ˣ
ζ벻һǰʮڣȳͷĳȻ߰°Σ
󣬾иŭ
֮ǰѳͨˣԼȥҪѧԺأܶͨ˶֡
ȫһˣȻѧԺǾͲ׽ࡣ
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ڹѧԺʦʵ޷ѧ綼Ҫʰ̸ǹ
ͬѧǣǺãӽ쿪ʼҾǵ°ΣǿԽҳʦϽ̨һƽ͵ҽܵ
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֪Ҫˣ
ʯСزӦãܾȻѾٴôݣÿһƶϺ
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ǰҪǴˣѧԺͷͲˣ
ǰһ꼶߰Ҳ԰ζ磬ǶҶ԰֣ϾѧԺػҪѭġ
ֻССֵĶ磬ǵӵļҾѧԺ߲Ҳһֻ۱һֻۣƽϡ
ǺǣҵȻִ֪硣һҹҹοưƵȣܲѳóʹ
ȫʮ˫۾ע£߸ƣǹϵЦ
ڿʹʹıˣ
ž
һ춯صĶһ꼶߰ĿԶԶ˳ȥѧԺ
ѧԺʦǣԼͬҡҡͷ
°γʦ⵽Ⱥӵġ֡ˡ
¬ʦͻȻԼеԲղûѳһ꼶߰顣
һϻȴ΢΢һЦ
ϵһÿΣ༶ѧ츳ѧϰʣ⡣
ϻݵһϿΣܵѧǵϲͻӭϻݸо泩
Ǹ߶ǵĳʦ˿̴ȣһãһ
ϻŹ˼죬׿ͻıѧ




1210¡ʦص
 

ʦΪŲһ죬Ƶ¼Ϊһ꼶̵ְ߰İΡ
һ꼶߰ʵȴʦȫͬ
һƷǵûд򵽳ϣһǾ춯صĶ⡣
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˺ü룬ֱϴһĵʹڷӦ
ԭյĺףѾòˡ
ڱһǰƣһصǰ
һǰҪ׵
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ŭ֮࣬ͻȻ뵽ҪҸƹĲ£κ̣ƾ÷йһзʵ
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ŭþǳαܹһģֱƿڴҾΥѧԺ涨Ҫ㡱
ž
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Ϊİ̫󣬾Ųӣƫ߰ͬѧ
ȫʮͬѧúܲ˼飬ٵǺЦ
㡱
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İƲأܹ죬ȫԣ֡
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ְһƣ챻ľˡ
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ΪǸо°οͨˣֶôôаš
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ͻȻ¶һ˿º͵Цݣ˭˵ҰѾúصģΪһҽҩʦֻǸչʾһҵҽѡ
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ڵľֹȫ¶̰һֱʹ
˿Ҳҳ鷳ˣֻסߺ֮ģɫ߻Լλ¡
ûͬѧԸ̨չһҽϹ΢Ц
ȫʮĸѧʦЦһ㶼ãħһ㡣
ѧһʱҡͷʾԼ̨
ʦҽǶˣѧڴ
濴һ꼶߰ѧˣע⵽мѧ˫ֱءпλϣſϣƺмһ˵ӡ
ЩѧȻù̡ܽ
͸ͫ۲֮£һ꼶߰ѧ츳Ƿϲ񼶱ҲѧԺԵĶʡ
һſ˯ѧóɶ࿴һۡ
ѧб츳ô䵽༶ģ
Ȼ츳ֵóصǸѧʲô֡
ӦûȤҽҽҩΣˡҲˡ˵仰ͷҲص߳á
ѧٶȸе졣
ΪʦԼ߰࣬úϿΣҪ
ΪѧԺÿʦҪμӼЧˣѧſγ̵ĳɼǿص㡣
Ȼǵ°γʦƺȫںЩ
ѵʦһڿΣԸϣһѧе㲻Ŀڵ




1211¡˳
 

ѧԺķϲİ࣬ʦϿβǺ𣿡ѧԳ
˵Ҳ֣˻˯ҽҩΣ˾ȻûоܿģеʧͲˬ
Ȼ߰ѧ֪ԼܷϲģԼˣǱһͨ˿ָоǺܲġ
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һڿζϣֱӷ˼̫ˡ
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ƽʱ̿Σȴʦ̿ΣҲĵһμˣԽԽ
ǺôŵĹߣʦʲôֻһҽͨ˶ѣקʲôקһѧм˵
һѧ˾һۣŻɿڵ˵ʦͨˣʵʵΪֲܿҪȻΪʲôٸղŲ֣
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ô죿Ͱѧš
Ϊīȫ꼶ŵʮĳţʵѹһ꼶ѧ
Ǻܿܿ˾ʵֵز˸ӡ

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ͻȻһϲô
ϤתͷȥֻһüԶ졢̡Լ׽ȹŮ߽




1212¡ټ
 

ʦҲû뵽˫̥ŮٵİιᣬȻڹѧԺ
ȾǹѧԺѧҪóеöࡣ
¬ʦȻѧԺһŮʦʶҲʮ졣
ʦʦôʶôɣ
Һ͹ʦ캣Ǳߵˣ֮ǰʦøеİΡ΢Ц͵
¬ʦȻ򣺡ԭˡ
Ϊʲô͹ʶˣȴȫףΪʲôΪѧԺʦ
ѵǹߣֲ֪
Լ֪ߴ֮󣬹Ҳûѳ͹ϵһ
ҲǣΪҽѧԺƸΪҽҩʦ΢΢һЦʵʦôΪѧԺʦģ
ͿᲢǹߣҲûһ츳
˶ڹܽѧԺʦǳ档
ҲʦҽҲ䣬ǰеʦڽѧԺֻܽѧΡеĻش
Σ
ǵһ˵ֿγ̣ҹѧԺΣʲô壿
ʦģԺΪѧܵ䣬ԣƷ£׽ĿΡʷεۺϣѧϰΣ龳磬ΪһꡢĹߣҵΪŵĵӣҲѧԺ¬ʦĵĽ͵
΢΢ͷ̾ѧԺԺһλƷʸеˣνˡ
ϧѧΪǫǫӣǷǳ飬̳һʵǿѧףһƷ¸еѡ
͹˼䣬֪ҲΪƼѧԺʦġ
ﵱʦҪõöֻ࣬ǱѧԺһ鱣ܡ
ڹѧԺٴĸܾǾϲ
ΪѧԺ󣬺ͳнӵ㡣
˹ģһֱΪ޷Ρ
ڱĻˡ
ֻҪα𣬶Թ˵ҲǸ⡣
˼һЦʦҪȥһ꼶䳡İɡ
ʦһνѧԺ䳡̫ɣҴȥ·
¥ʦǣ׷߿˹
ȻǹߣȴѧԺƯŮʦʦԹᰵĽ
ȻǶ֪ʦĳԸˣǹҪ·ڳʦеԴ׵ġ
ܲһʦ߾ϰɣ
ܵЩĿ⣬ȴǲΪ⣺Ǿ鷳ʦˡ
һЦͳ˳ȥ
¬ʦĳʦǲһʦδĿڵ
¬ʦȻó˼
Ϊѻˣ¬ʦɲЩʦ鰮𣬴˸ʦ͹ʦǾʶǲ뱻ʦϵĻǾ͸ϽӰѾɣ

͹ƹһãߵһƬ䳡֮ǰ
ڻûʱ䣬䳡ϵѧʦû
ʦһ꼶䳡Ҫѧ𣿡ẬЦʵ
һЦǣҪ̵׿䡣
׿ҲѧԺˣʮ־ȡ
֪׿䣬û뵽׿ܳΪѧԺѧ
û׿绹ҵ飬䵽һ꼶һࡣƽ˵
뵽һ仰ʵʦ㲻ûô̵С׿
ܼ򵥣ֻҪõѧԺĹ书͸ͿԽ̸
˵ףȴЩš
ȻͨˣǺжôѡ
ǶѧԺʦҪ͸ѧԺĹҲҪķһЩʱ䡣
Ȼ᲻ɳûǸʼվóǸءܲ˼ˡ
ʦԭﰡ
͹ͻȻһ
תȥֻһȺɫѧ߹
Щѧ󲿷һ꼶߰ģĺտɿɡĴȻС
һȴ߰ѧ
ǰǷǹŵԶԶ߰ѧɱȵġ
Զʮ𾴣ںһСܡ
˾ô߰ѧһ𣿡΢΢졣
ʮֵ
ǰǸ˾ѧȻʵ߰߳һء
ǵ˳Σ˾;ûʲô
ʦλһ˾ͬѧҲһ꼶ڶѧߵǰĽܵ
ûȳڣ˾Ŀ˳һۣʦ˵ҵѾΣ̳ʦĹѧ




1213¡˾ս
 

˾˻һ䳡ѧǣ߿˹
ûκα顣
һС˵ҪҴ˴ܣֻᵱСӺ֣ᵱһ¡
ڵĳ
ǶԾе⡣
ǰǰ󶼿ʮˣȻûѵ
ͬѧԼİΣ˼𣿡
ʦҷϻҾҲҽ˾̣ڿɲҺͳѿˡ
Ǿ˾һá
ʦ˰ɣ߰ѧȫ塣
ʵҲǺģϾ˾ͬѧһ꼶ǰŰԴһ䡣
˾ᲢûƮƮȻ佱ĻѾˡ
˿ĿֻڳϣʦѧԺ涨ѧʦֽ̹䣬ʦӦӦòɣ
˾ᣬ֣߰ڿȥڰ˵
߰ԼİҲˣϾ߰ѧӡ
˾᲻һ˾һѧʦصҪôܺ߰ѧһأ
ʦûֻ֣ǰֻعˣʦϹʱǽֵܶʷ£ΪѳͷΪһ֣ѵʲô𣿡˾Դǵ˵
Ϊһʦѧ˵΢΢һϣû뵽˾ỹ뵽ôûʵɡ
˾ᣬôõģûԵɣ϶ʦ۸˾Ͳԣγʦû䣬ѧԺ涨㲻ʦ̡˼άӦҲܿ죬̾뵽Ӧ
ʦǶۿʦ˾ٺüƣ߰ѧٴ塣
ῴûʲô˺ۣ˲߰ѧĻϾ߰ѧ۸ʦҲʲôˡ
ȴɴĳϵûҴģʦȻô򣡻λ˾ͬѧҲһΪһѧʦصҲһνһ
һ˫ŵĿû뵽ϡ
һ˾澰ͷʦˡ
Ȼó书ǿǽѧԺ֮󣬿ܻ治һѧ
ʦ㡭
ڰֹ֣˵ȥ
߰ѧ۾ڿԿǵ°ΰˡ
ʦ㻹ң˾һȻ֮ɫûһͨʦҵ뿴ʦİ񹦣û߰˵ô棡
߰ѧһЦ
¿κ֪ͨ̽ûһ츳޷κι书˱٩ֶΪ񹦡
û뵽յεһ죬߰ѧ͸˸񹦵֣еݸ
˾ʶһ°ʱһȺ䳡߹
˾ᣬס֣һͦΡӢ˱߹ߺȵ
˵֮˿ȥ
īˣ
һѧʦˣ
䳡ϵѧǸֹ
Ѿٽʱ䣬һ꼶߸ʦ䳡
ֻīһƣ
þǷǳȡ
ΪīҲǳųȥġ
ѵһ꼶һȫѧԺǰʮλѧҲ˲ɣ
īѾȸʦˣ㲻˾һݵ
īѵĹϵͬͬѧǾ֡
ѧԺÿѧԴ޵ģīÿζܵõõĽ˾ֻӵڶ
ϴīԭʼɭֱ˴Σ˾õһ˾ԼԽīжϡ
˾ᣬҲģҪسʦöԳʦ̸ʦǸ
ī仰˵˾סˣ䳡ѧסˡ
ԭīȻҳ鷳Ȱܵģ
ī⸱ô£ôúܾسƵģ
Ҫ֪ǵһѧԺʦīôͺʶһ
˰˼⡣
īʲô˼˾Ų죬ʵһͨʦѣ˵ǲķϲģǹǿΪˣ
㾹Ȼ˵ʦǷϲģ
īʮֿЦ˾ᡣ
λͬͬѧֱ֪ʲôߵغ
һ֮ǰɽԴԭʼɭʦָͷһ£ƾͰˡ
ǺεȿֲΪ
ǹѧԺԺˣΪһѹʦ
˾ᾹȻ˵ʦǷϲģīͲˡ
κ󣬰ûкͬѧ˵¡
ǵīظ֣ȻΪѧԺʦνģ֪ðڳ̬ȡ
īܸлԭʼɭûмƽð
ѱɷˡ
˾ỹȫīʲô˼
˾һתǹŪĻȣīòԭʼɭֱ˴εʱ۾˰ɣ߰°ǹϲţ촫ѧԺˣ




1214¡һԱ֪
 

˾Ựһ䣬䳡ϵѧǶڽͷӶۡ
εʦҲ¶һ˿ζ
ΪǶ֪ĳʦȷʵǲͨˡ
ѧԺʵٲѧд徳һصʵŵȥһ˴ʮ󺺶ѹ
ЩʦУͺһרһȫǲʿоѧУǺġ
ΣһʦϻҲˣû˵ʲôվһԴЦ⿴Ϸ
˾ᣬʦʵ˶īԳĻη
Ϊܹʵġ
ī˵ǲǡ
˾Ҫٳһ£һʦ߹ˣ׼ϿΣ
ʦ˾᲻˵ҲҼҳ̡ˡ
Ϊʦһ꼶Ҳϸʦġ
ҲϴδһѧȥɽԴԭʼɭֵǸʦ
һѧ߼ϣʦʦ鷳һáĿ˳һۣΪʲôīΪ˵
ǳ޷䣬ǰ϶ʵ˹Ĳûеīô¡
ī֮ǰҲûи߹ģ˳ʲôӡ
Ŀɲ⸱̬ȣֱԺ㱨ˡ
߰ѧ°ӹһ٣ֻܲԸ䳡ȥǵʦ
ʦԲ𣡡īһѧ棬ôҲע⣬ϻ̳Ͽָ˸Ǹ
ֻ΢΢ͷû˵ԭʼɭ顣
īڳҲֻǸĺӣܸǸѾѵˡ
ʦīôʶ㣿ῴī䳡ܲʵ
صĻӦֻһˣ㲻ʶ
ѯʳǲҪ䳡߿ѧ䣬ʱ׿һѧ߳
ʱ䳡ϲĿ⡣
رʦǣһʼͶ츳صע
֮ǰʦ˵׿ֻԸų䣬Щš
һĻƺӡ֤š
飬׿磬ϿΣһζǺҪĿڵ
׿綼ԹĵĻţߵǰǿ˹һۡ
ĺܺ棬ôսѧԺͺһλƷŮʦʶˣ
λʦò˵֮¡
ео
׿磬С㣬û뵽ҲѧԺˣȿڵ
ʦҲ벻ְȻѧԺʦ
׿翴ʱҲܾȡ
飬׿磬쿪ʼҾʽ̵ɡ˵ţǱ߿ȥʦ鷳һѧԺ
仰˵ʦǶùŹֵ
߰ѧǷһЦ
һϲģȻҪù书ʦ治Ц
ɫ˹
ʦѧʱҲϿˣ뿴ʦʲô
ʦֻ֪һҽҩʦҲ䣬ҰѧԺø㿴Ҳ
ľԼ˵Ѿܿˣɲ뿴츳
УʦҪ׿磬ʳڣտʼ䲻ܳκβأǵĻǵĹ·ͷϵˡ
ô֪ҽ̲ǣһЦֻҪһҾ̤徳ڶأ׿̤һء
߰Ⱥѧ޼ɵЦ
ǾԼ°ʵ̫Цˣ
ѧԺٸߵţܵһ䣬̤徳һأ˵ڶˡ
ĺʦҲǾóＫЦ
ΪѧԺʦѧȰյ
츳ҲҪһʱ䣬̤徳һأʽΪߡ
׿ȻǱϵ츳ܹˣһʱṳ̂徳һؾͺܲˡ
Ȼ˵һʱ̤徳ڶأ׿̤һأڹĵʦЦ˼㡣
ʦ䲻ǶϷ㲻Ҫ쿪ĺ
ǹŵЦܲһԱ֪ˡ
㡱
һᶼʱϻ߹Ļʦóʦһ԰ɣֻһʱ䡣
ʦ붼Ҫ룬ԲһʱҲ˷ѡɲɿڡ
ʦ׿λǷǸʦѧϰɣԸѧϻϹźܺЦԲóʦһԣʧܵĻʦҪλתʦ£飬ʦӦûʲôɣ




1215¡īʦ
 

ʵϻݺ͹һΪٷְٲ˵һ¡һ궼ܳɹ
֮ùĸһᣬ׿ʵʦֻһϲģ̵ܽúǡ
ҵȻû
һг̬
˵һ֮׿徳һأ;ᳬڶ졣
ʦأõı֤ϻֿġ
ãӦ飬׿磬ʦûĻѡѧԺʦѧϰû⣿
׿˵ͷ˶Ǻų
ʦһѧԺ
ĶһѧԸ
վīȴһ˫һӲӣϹϾĸϡ
һĻֿһѧ
˾ᡢǶ޷⣬ΪʲôīԳ𾴡
ѧԺӹķ
˵ʦΪʲôҪֲ飿߰ѧʵ
Ͼʵ̫ˡ
һϲĿһ书Ϳ徳ҪõĻ˵ѧԺ꼶ͰĽ̵ѧһЦ
ȻǴڿЦ
տɿɷһЦ˵ǰξԼ䣬ԱַʽѧԺأ
пܣʾͬʦͨˣҸоӲ
߰ѧַһ޼ɵĺЦ
շһҳɨȥīϿҵĿڵʦҲΪѧ
Ϊ׿磬Ϊѧ
ʵϰѧԺ涨ûʸѧ
ϻʮ
ī˻һ䳡ڶһ꼶ʦв졣
Ҷ֪īһֱûгΪĸʦѧΪЩʦ
īֻǺʹһΣҪѧԺʦָ徳أѧԺ꼶ǧѧʮ
츳ŬίʵԶˡ
һλţȻ뵱һλϲʦѧ
ܲ˸еʮֲ죡
ȰֹīѾȿڵīҲ㡣
һȫĿɿڴ
īΪѧԺǰʮѧݳΪʦѾˣû뵽Ȼܾ
ѧԺʦ飬īѧЧߵѧԺﶼӡ
Ժīҵڹ紳ͷ̵ʦԵ˵һ䣺īҽ̳ģ
ǳȴɴľܾˡ
ϻϵЦ˲佩Ӳϡ
Ǳﰡ
ʦĳ뵱ѧҰɣĿɿڴɫ֮Уīֱӹڳǰ
׿оʶ
뵱Ϊ˰ݳΪʦҲ캣һűſڣ¡
룬Լļûа׷ѣڴ˳ʦ
īʦôðݵģͿ⹻ˡ׿΢΢һЦ
ī¹򣬳ҡҡͷ
óīֻһ㣬ӦǶϵ츳ԺΪһֲ⡣
Ľ̵£īϣͻƵ
ǳûȤī˷ʱ䡣
ѧԺĿһֱȷ
īҲûʧ䣬վʦžʯΪһҵѧ
˵껰ī߻һĶ顣
˾ᡢһѧī·һȫʶ
ǰī߰ѧԺüʦѧܾˡ
ھȻһϲʦ£
ȫ
ʦʱȣϽ̰ɡϻݺ뿴ô̵׿硣
ȴһ㶼
ģƽʵʦѧԺǲһܵѧ
һ꼶һ࣬ôˣĲΪʲôͻȻѧ
һ༸ʮѧһۣʵĸ
岻ûΡӻش
ʵûεԭ򣬹û˵
ϻݺĿųʦ㲻ץʱ̵׿磬ôѧˣ
ܵѧƽһ仰䳡ը˹
ʦܵѧ
֪֪츳ж߰
ܿǼ׵ϵʣʦʲôʸ̣
䳡ϵѧ۷׷ףǶ֪ѧԺ츳ߵѧΨһһ׵ʡ
̳ʦԽԽˡ
ʦڰְʱѾûʸѧ˵Ǻӡ
Ŀ΢΢һ֪ѧԺʦѧҪﵽʲô׼أ




1216¡嵤
 

ʲô׼ʦǶĹ֣ͺϻʦ˵ţϻһۡ
ϻݣǺġ
Ϊһɢ޹ߣʮ꣬жصʵڹҵһѧԺܵѧĻӭİ
ʲô
ֻһĸʦһԼ༶ѧԣôϻȣ
ʦΪѧԺжʦܲѧı׼ʧƫġ˵
ԣ̲ס΢΢üʦѧԺĹ涨
Ϊжʦˮƽı׼ܼ򵥣Ǿǿʦ̳ܲܽѧĲȻû䣬һ֮ڣ徳أ׿һأ֤ʸѧ
⡱һʱ侹ãûʲô©
˵ǿɱѧԺʦҪö࣬Ȼʸѧˡ
գҲһѧųǵѧ
ʦĻԺ޸Ĺʦѧı׼˵仰
¹ѧԺĹƶȣĲҸֻ̧֤Ժ
УҾȥԺһЦȻ׿磬߰ɣʦܴܲȥѧԺҩ
΢΢һûзӦ
ȥѧԺҩʲôһɻ
ֻһʱԼĳŵѵʱڱ
Ȼץҩûйͣ䳡ȥ
عæӦʦʹǹȥ
Ŀͳ뿪䳡һһ꼶ʦĶܺľٶ
ڹĴ£顢׿ܿҩ
ƶѧԺҩкܶûеҩģԹѧԺʦҩ
ʱ㣬ŵҩֻɢɢļʦѧ
һ׿̲סʵʦҩʲô
Ҫһʱڽ徳һأͱٳɵķӣܹˣ̫ĻܲסԱõҩݵĽ͵
׿Ȼ
ȴ¶񣺡ʦҪƹ䵤ҩ
ǰɡ߻ش𣬱ߵץҩĹ̨ǰ
ҩļʦѧ˹
Ǻ͹һ档
Ϊҩʦڹϡȱ˲ţۼֵλһ㡣
ڴ󲿷ʱ
ܷѧϰƸ˵ҩģǹš
ƶѧԺҲֻһλҩʦ
ĳʦȻ˵ԼҪƵҩҩ˶š
ʦ֪ҽǹĵҩȫͬùơѵ
΢΢һЦ̫ˣ޷Ҫĵҩ
ʱ
ҩ仰̲סһ
ΪѧԺ񵽱ˣԭǸϲţʦ
鷳١֬졢ݱѸһҩĵ֡
ҩץҩʦһ㶣Щɶ׳ǡǿǵҩġ
ѵʦԼʲУЩҩ壿
ѹ²²⣬ץҩʦǸЩҩġ
ûƵҩľң
ֱ߹սǽȥץҩʦָָ
лˡͷһҩĽһ侲ңȺ
һγҪƵȷʵǿǵĵҩǸԼãǸ׿硣
ΪʲôҪȽѧԺƣΪҪݹѧԺĹҩʹʺϵҩġ
аҽ˺֪ʶѾԴҪƵĵҩȡֺܼ򵥣ͽд嵤
ִ嵤׿֮󣬲ܹǵ壬øʺ䣬м˵Ĺ츳
Ժйƴ嵤һϵг֮󣬳תʼơ
ʮ֮󣬾ҵűˡ
˳źڵĵ衣
飬׿磬Ŵ嵤Ұǵҩ
׿Խӹһŵҩһּڴ֮ɫ
嵤ҩʦѧƵҩ֣һ¡
Ϊе̫ţˣҩһȥܹ徳һ
ʦѧԺΨһһλҩʦزԼĵҩΪ嵤ǲе̫ˣץҩʦ̲סɡ
ֻЦЦûлӦ׿˽뾲ҡ
ԭóô׿õҩϾνĴ嵤ƳʲôЧ
һԳ£׿Ͳˡ
û˵ĻᣬֱӹϾҵš




1217¡ɹͻ
 

½ҩľҺ󣬳顢׿Ĵ˷´嵤
˸հѵҩ¸һȵҩɢ
׽ѧУѾǵʦĸ֣˵ܹҩ
׿ȴ̷һʹĵ
ƣҰ赼ҩ
ڳ£׿һֻơ
Լֻƣֱ˵ϡ
оƵĺʵȣ龹һ˿Գ
飬ԪһҪ룡ûоѡ
ɫ΢΢һ죬Ͻ
ֱ顢׿жһΪ赼嵤ǿҩ
ʱһһĹȥ֪Ѿǰ֮
һųţȵö˯ˡ
׿ԵϢҲҩ˹Ǳߡ
ʦĺǵ׿νĴ嵤֮󣬶ˡ
˵ĻǾѧԺشʧˣ
ǼȻѾµҩľǹȥֹҲˡ
ֻ䳡ϻǵȴ
ϻҲǶ׿ĵǣԳ֡
ȻΪƶѧԺʦϻݾͺ͹һѧڵһλҲѧԺּ
٣˵ǰʲô嵤֪ûЧһԵľʵ
߰ѧȻҲΣѧûѧڷ䣬ܵ
߰εʦҲȥǣΪ߰ѧŽ̲ѧԺʦ༶ˡ
ЧиƨЧ
һݣѰ˼ҪҪȥʡѧ档
ʦҽƳĵҩֻͨЧⲻŵ𣿡
˵ǰѧԺɹһشǳʦƵģ˵ʦƵĴ嵤еأտɿʵô嵤ǸЦֻһ˵ˡ
һЦǹǿԷûشҲֻһǿã嵤ʲô˼ǳܽ徳ʦҪⱾ£Ŵ嵤ȥҹż壬ˣõѧԺ𣿡
߰ˣþ˵úе
ֹǣѧԺһ꼶ȫʦѳĴ嵤Ц
ȥ¿Σ˵ҩһ㶯ûУǾóضʧˡ
˭Ҳ֪ʱ䣬Ѿô嵤ҩɹ׿ʡ
ʦһ𾪵ķ֣׿ʾȻӱҵУ
һ꼶ţҵʵīˡ
ǴӼ׵˼׵ϣ
ȻֻһС̨ף׿绹Ҫŵö࣡
֮ǰѧԺֻڤ˽ŮܣǼ׵츳
磬׵츳Ŷࡣ
ʸǼ׵츳ѾǽǿӣйǱʮ
׿۾ľ޴仯һϲ֮ɫ
𼤶аʱ䣬ҰⱾѧԺĹ̸ǣһҪ򡣡ƽ˵
׿֣صĵ˵ͷ
ʦҪҪȳԷ浣ĵʵ
شˣʦȥ԰ɡ
ҪԷĻҿ԰æŶ˵һ䣬ûлӦֻ߳ҩѧԺʳ÷ȥ
׿´嵤ҩ֮󣬾ǰδеĳ棬һһҹԷû⡣
͸˵ˡ
ʼɣ
ѧԺΪ׿ͨ׶ʮ꾡Ľ⡣
аҽɹֻͨ书Գ˵ֻСơ
ֻҪһ飬ܶеİ֮͸
гôһλѧԺʷǿʦ̵׿ѧ÷ǳ죬һǧ
˴˹ܿһ˿˿۶ȥ
ѧߣߵȫͬĵ·
׽߱ϰ˾˵ڲſʼ
ߵһ׶ξȻ׽ܹȵġ
Ч׽ߺķѼʮ⹦Ҫõöࡣ
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̤徳һأΪĹߡ
ҳɹˣоԼս徳յͲȵ
ȱŸˣ㻹һͻƴ徳ڶء΢΢һЦ
ͷٴν״̬
ڶ죬̫ʱ䳡ϵһ꼶ʦǣԼͬҩȥ
ʱ䵽ˡ




1218¡
 

ÿˣʦҪܳɹֱȡһ꼶߰Ĵ֮һĺûɵ˵
˵껹˸Ƿ
ĺ֪ʦ϶ʧܣŸô˵İɣ٩
ĺƳһۣǵȻˣֲʦô
һߣһѧҲڵۡ
ī治Ϊʲôѳʦô˾ῴīʵ
ҵĸоûʦܺѧԺԺȼĳǿߡ
ī仰һڣһѧһ֮ɫ
̾һΪʲôϲī磬ͻȻͱòˡ
ҩ˶ڹעǼ侲ҵĶ
ھſǻ૶ôû
ͻȻ֮䣬ҵ֨ѽһˡ
͵תͷȥֻ顢׿˾ȵ˳
λŮʦ΢΢ɴȻһ
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׿Ѿǹˣھʹȥһ꼶䳡ûй͡
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ˣʦˣ֪ĸѧһ䡣
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ֻ顢׿绹йᣬһ˹
ʦ֪䲻ô˰ɣϣ׿磬ΪҵѧϻݹЦ⣬Լʤ
ʦһҹû˯ãе㲻ˡǹһϷʵĻȣúÿɣ׿ѾΪĹߡ
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䳡ϵˣɴ۾
Ƿ׿ʣȷʵ첻һˡ
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ʦЩרҵϰʦǰ˵ûõġ
Ϊһ꼶ʦҲû׿磬ǲĳΪߡ
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΢΢죬û뵽ѧԺͦʱġ
׿磬ȥ
Ļ׿ߵǰһսȭͷϴȥ
˶ʮֹע׿һȭı֣۾һգգĿš
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׿һȭϣֻǱȻڡ10ϡ
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ֽʵ̫ˣ
ĵʦȫ׳ô쵽ġ
˶ô𾪣ֻƽĿһۡ
ᣬҲߵ֮ǰ׿绳ſϲ֮
λʵŮѧȭڳʦǲɵס˺
鲢û׿һȭǿĳһơ
أ
΢΢ζ
˵Ŀ˲תƵǱ֮ϡ
Ȼʾһ֣25
䳡䶯ˣ
ÿϸεѧǣ׷⿴ȥ
1019徳һʵ2029Ǵ徳صˮƽ
25ֵζǴ徳صĹߣضԶˣ
ġϻ͵תͷȥ
䶼޷ͨʦΪʲô棿
һҹ֮䣬׿ֱ̤徳ءһء
ʵ̫˼ˣ
˾ѧĿɿڴ
߰ӵǣ°Ͷˡ
ʦһҹ֮ѧɱ䣬Ը̵߰Ļ߰ӽԺժ༶ͷΣ
ʦӦʸѧ˰ɡŴ㵵Ĺģ΢΢һЦ
ĻعгŨŨľ棺ʦô쵽ģ
˿ֻ֪ѧһǧķ
ƹ㵽ȫѧԺôѧԺѧʵһ̨ף
˼޿ɷ档
Ļشùһʱ޿κΡ
Ͼ˼ҵĽѧܣ㲻˵ҲǺġ
ϻݿЦʦҽ֣һŴ嵤׿ɱ䣬ĳ
ĺźԼ޷׿統ѧˡ
ϻ֪׿ҵУ׵ϵĻԻᵱѪ
ϻݵĻڳѧǣǴ嵤ǿҵĿ֮ġ
ʦС⡣ɲѧǣ߰ѧĿжôȡ
ʱԼѧԺĿˡ
ʦ˵ĲС˵Ҳһ˿𾴡
һ⣬Ժİ칫
ڶ⣬ܽҲûΣʲôط




1219¡
 

Ժİ칫ңѧԺİٴ¥ǰԺûʦȥҲҲ˼ҡ
ʵش
ܣ⺢Ȼ츳ߣ岻ã٣ҵסַط72š
岻ã΢΢죬ѵܵʲô𣿡
ʦµûȷʵĳֵĲ֢ҺŴԵģ˲ٹҽβá
仰֮⣬ǹҽβܵĲ׽ҽ͸ˡ
Уھȥܡ߰Ҳܡ
ϻ̲סʵʦҪΪѧ
׿ѾΪѧܶеôͬΪʦͳ׵ױȥˡ
ûʦʲô𣿡߳ع
ϻһ˵ʦȻɹɳŵڻûԺ׼Խȥܵѧɣ
Ǻǣ͵ȥҷá
˵ֿ꣬׿磺Ǿɣȥһˡ
׿û˶ռ𣬺޲ÿһ̶䡣
û߳ԶĹԥ¿ڵʦҿȥҷ𣿡
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˵ĸȥ
Ŀͳ͹뿪䳡ϵ
ʦչ¶һ֣ѧԺһŮʦסˣе˵
߰ѧƽʱûٻᡣ
տɿЩʦøŮƵģôܿǰΣ
˼ҿǿĸųʦȥҷõģҶõҲʦϲϳʦһûӡ
һǱˣʦ嵤׿ɿ죬Լһͨˣֻ׿츳ܸߣϵҩͻô죬˵׻ǿԼӲʵʦϵûô󣡡
ôһ˵˲ٴʶǵĳʦվֻһͨˣһϲġ
뵽һ㣬־óûôˡ
׿츳ȷʵܸߡ
٣˵ô˵ҪǳʦĵҩǳԣԺͰİΣ˵ţиһ˿֮ɫ
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ٲѧҲ뱻ƲҲԼĹ侳硣
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棬𾴵ĺүǧ𣬽˹ѧԺȴͬ˿𣬱ѧԺʦ̵ζȻܲܡ
ҾһͻƲ˴徳أϲҵҲԳʦĵҩ˵
Ͼô°ƣ֮£ôȥҩ
仰һڣֻѹ¸ҩ뷨
߰ѧĶڴ

͹ῪһѧԺСϿȥ
·ϣѵʦǺΪСĸ죬ûеõĸΪŴ޷ԸЩƧԸܱ˵İԴܻų⡣
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ȥܼá
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ȿܵΪ棬ܵ׵ʲôŴ
ΪΪѧܿͿڤ
ڿҪķѶһЩʱˡ
򣬻ط֣һͨĽֵܵļҾסڽ72š
͹ߵ72ŷ֮ǰܼҵķΪƽ
ܣڼ𣿹ʦҷˡǡ
Ŵ򿪣߳һԼʮŮȥʮӣɫȴЩӪ
ŮֽţͬҪ˳һЩ
΢΢üһ۾ͿŮŴۺ
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ﺬ΢ЦܣѧԺҽҩʦճ£ڵһ꼶߰İΡ
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һ꼶߰İΣҲûʲô֮ɫת߽
Ź߽ȥɨڻһۣܼұȽƶ
ĲеЩ֡
ǽڤ˽Ů̫Ŷԡ




1220¡ʩβ
 

ʦʦɡָָӡ
͹
ʦʲôûʲôüҷõġ
һǧ֮Ŀº͵Цܣ岻ãʦ㣬廹𣿡
ܲáܿܲ
ֱʵΪʲôȥҽԺ
ҺĲҽβãȥͨҽԺʲôã䵭Ļش
ҽһȹҽ
֪ۺŴʵرҽΡ
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ܣʦҽΪβ˵һ䡣
ȴ΢΢üʦȻͨˣҲҽҽж棬ͨҽôܺǱȣȻҽβҵĲͨҽ͸˵ˡ
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뵽Լĸ׵Ĳ飬ѾʦһҲ޷
ܽĺأûֱӴӦɵʦΪʲôҪβ
Ϊ츳ܸߣΪѧɡ
һܸɻˣʦȻֻд徳һأҲоóûйϢͺ͹ʦһΪѧ
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ǲӦΪֱҪ̫㡣
Ϊѧ˵ûʲôʧ
ܵʣԼѧԺҪʦ̣δΪ֡
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仰ȻһЦֻҪӦѧУΪʲôһûǮ֡
벻ҪҰ֣ûиףܻһ䣬̺Թ֮顣
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֮ǰܵʱҲһʵСĸף̾ͱ
˲ǹỹѧԺʦǣ֪˭
ÿ˶иףÿ׶۰ԼŮֲĸŮܿࡣ
ҧűݵûиףҲŲǸǮ˼ĸҺٶǮҲã
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ʵܱе㵣ģʦܻһЩֵҪ
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裬λʦѧԺƸҽҩʦˡߵǰúᡣ
ĸ̾һⲡô궼ãҪͷʦˡ
ûϵ߽䣬һǳŵĿ˵裬ĲȻ˺ֻܶ꣬ҪƵõܿͿȬ
ʦοˣ֪ԼĲôĸڶ̾˫ȴһ˿ʣܼڤһ棬ҲĿˡ
裬Ǹǵʲôܺ޺޵˵ˣǸһ£
ܣҪ˵㸸ףҲԼĿԡ
ԡԣ˵˶ˣʲôĿԣʮʱӲǣ
Խ˵Խ߹ȥĺ󱳡
裬𼤶͸ʩ롣˵ţУϹע
ĲŮص㣬ҪƳ̣ҷõҩܣֻҪһľͿ
仰ܺĸ¶֮ɫ
ʦ㲻ڿЦɣȫš
΢΢һЦܣųʦ
ۼʼʩ룬ܾ㲻ţҲֻĻϣ漣֡
ʱһһĹȥĸѨλʩ룬˫ַù




1221¡
 

ΪţܸǸоʩʱָ⡢һɵϢתš
֪ǲǹоǱȹҪǿϢ
ʦͨˡ૶
ֻʮ꣬ûʽ磬ʶ̫٣ߡ
֪˶ã룬̸һʪֽ
裬оôܹеʵ
ĸϵɫԺת˺ܶ࣬ϲӦʦĺ棬Ҹо岻֮ǰˡ
˵֮ĸֱӷ
ܴϲ
Ϊ֮ǰĸף²˴
ȴԼ˵֢״ת˺ܶࡣ
ʦлл㣡֮ܲǰ䵭
ǰԸ˭κĸףܾ޸ǸҽĸԸ
ֻҪΪѧѣʵ̫ˡ
֮һٸģȸβɡһ߲룬һƽ˵
ܹԹԵɵȥ
ĸ´ɫϲͼ
ʦ鷳ˣ
ĸͷȻʩ롣
ͬʩֻ̣Թۿ̾˻ܵ衣
֢ܵ״ĸö࣬سѸٵʱ䣬ơ
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λʩ룬Ĳ;¶һ˿ƣ֮ɫ
ڵĳ˵ֻҪϢһСȫָ״̬
ллʦֱ´ҪĸһԳݡ
æ˫֣ĸŮ
лңֻҪӦҵСǴ󲡳ȺúϢɣ˵ţܣдһҩ㣬Լȥץҩ
ʦЩҩ󲻹ģɫе㷢ʵ
ȲҲѧԺ˹ú׾ݡ
ԻѧԺҩá
ͿǵܼûǮ⡣
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ԭˡû뵽ѧԺֹ涨
ȷʵԹѧྺȴסܡ
ɣȽǮ㣬ȡ֣ȥѧԺҩȡҩĸҡܿ취
ֱ˵ǮСﷴӦ
ΪĸܹȬûж͵ͷӦˡ
дҩתһЩǮ󣬳͹߳ҡ
ʦҽ̫߳ˣ㣬ѧԺͻʧһλѧ˿̹ᷢĵĸˡ
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áӦֻͻȻ
ʦʲô𣿡
ʦʦںһ𣿡绰ﴫ겻
ΪĴ绰ģæ͵ʦߣոκܵĲ
ʲôκˣĵȻǳȡ
Ҳ¬ʦ˵ҽƶʡܳ
ƶʡϾ׽磬ܵŴҽβá
Ϊͨ˵ĳʦڰ֮ڣκܵģ
ͳһ֮ڣ̤徳ڶأ׿̤һأһ𺳣
κˣӦͻϿΣʱʦܿóẬЦ˵
ã쿴Ľ˵ʵҴ绰㣬һ꼶ʦʦʦԷףλʦְصľͲ³ʦ
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תͷѹĵĻһ顣
£ͷӦ
ѧԺʦӡǲһԷʶһҲС
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˵κѧԺ츳һܣӦԷˡ
ʦʦӦˡ
õģǿֱȥͲѾλãȥ־С
ȹͨ绰ϳͲȥ
ֵľܿ͵
³ȴֽϿüͣھͲKTVſڡ
ʮӵܣȻһ꼶߰ѧ
ĺտɿɡʯСˡ
ʦ͹ʦԼԷ͹ᣬҲΪȡ
ԸߣǼϼ˫գǵģǹʦһ꼶ʦʦԷ
ŶȽȥˣ˵ţ˸кʦȵ㣡
кֱKTV
ҲûۿЩӵܣͲע⵽KTVſ˼
ҲǹߣƺǹѧԺѧ




1222¡
 

⼸꣬ÿ϶һ̬һСʵǰ߽KTV
ʦôˣŶ棬΢΢ɻʵ
ûʲôǽȥɡ
͹ͲԱ˹ĵֺ󣬷Ա߽һ
һȥġϻݵһ꼶ʦ棬ԭ͵ˡ
ʦ¬ʦҲˡ
˵ѧԺ죬͸ɳԻ¼Ժ¬ʦó϶ΪԺǰĺˣùϵ
һ꼶ʦҲ¬ʦ뷨
ʦ֮ȻΪѧγɾϵѧԺ涨ϣʦǶദ
ֻЩʦĶһ뷨
Ƕóʦҽôã׿һ֮ͻƣϧȴһ޷ͨˡ
ʦҽٺãڹҲû֮ء
ҽпܻΪ类ĳЩаץȥеĵҩˡ
Ҿٱףسʦʦְ֮ϲ
ʦǺһȻ¬ʦܻʶʦ
¬ʦ꣬ĳźȾƵգŰϣѵ¶һ˿Ц⣬Գ˵ʦΪѧĵҩ˵Ժ˿㣬취ΪҲ˵
ǰǰԺǹˣ˵а취¬ʦҲ͵
΢΢ҡͷ˵ʵҶûʲôȤ̫ͼˡ
ʦòһ㶡
ǵ֪У߾ǿĴڡ
Ȼ˵ܵͼеƲǵ˼ˡ
ȻҾóʦԸȽϰ˵ֱ˵û
ϻЦЦʦ̫ͼôΪʲô߼
õɣң֮䣬ǲ֮
仰ʦһЦ
ǶóʦΪһͨˣ˵ֻ̫ʵˡ
ʦ˵ߡϻ٩٩̸ǹУ߶ǶǿĴڣֻЩŴڲܹһλߵ䣬ЩɻԶأõôף
ʦ֪߼ϡ٣Ȼÿһλݹ֮ϡ
Ϊ̫ϡ٣ô࣬ʦǲŻùĴڡ
΢΢һÿɷ

ͲKTVʮ߰ѧս888Űᣬƨɻûȣͳ顣
֮ǰȥǼߣҲֱ888Űߣһ·аԵԱסֻȥо
١٣888ŰԤˣ˼KTVæܹЦͷĵǸ
Ϊٵȴһ֮ɫ˭Ҷ888Ű᣿ǻһ
Ĳ˼ģˣҪҸ666ŰɣǸţKTV˵仰ͷȺˡ
Ϊ٣888Űˣ֪Լﲻ
ˣҲKTVѣᶼˣžKTVǲǲ뿪ˣ̳
ž͵һæЦ٣ҲǸ˼Ҫٺѵѣȫⵥ㿴ô
ٿûžһŹ߽888Űᣬʱŭӿա
λүôţҵùҵ㣿
žһ²پǸȥ888Űˡ
žζסٴļѣŭ߽ᡣ
˭ߴ˰ɣˮƬҧһ룬ͿŶ롣
ٽ󣬿ʮѧԺһ꼶߰ѧЦҵ˭أûһʶģȫСɫҲҶҵ888ŷ
ʲô˼һվʵ
춪ôKTVҿģû뵽в۵ײ
Ǹɶĳʦ򲻵ãѵѰµĸ٣Ҳ򲻵ã
žͷ󺹵ܽŬЦ٣٣λеλĴү﷢ʲôͲˣλһӿ𣿡
ʲôеλӴûʲôң̸ҹȥһĲм
һϳ壺вգƶѧԺһ꼶߰ྰңðɵȣ
ͣ
ٲмһ
ҵʲôĵأԭǹѧԺģҲҲЦ˭
˵仰ļѷ׷Ц
ое㲻Ծˡ
ԷǹѧԺѧ̬֮ȻôţȻͷС




1223¡
 

ֻ׽縻֮ҳӵܣûЦ֡
߰Ĵ֮УһֱĳĺɫȴȻһ䡣
ƶԼҵټЦ
иʶġЦǹЦݣȻ֪˭Ͽҹȥ
٣ǻɡĺѾʼˡ
׽ү޷ټȡ
ʵݣͲЦһġ
ʲô
һܵŭ޴йء
Ҫôǰˣ
ӽԺ󣬾Ҫثֵıǩˡ
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ƶѧԺģЩĵλܸѧԺȣ
ĺȰĸӿ־壬տɿǶоԾˡ
ЦͻȻЦ·ʲôЦ顣
ͻȻ֮䣬Ц͵һЦݣɫ˼㣬Ķž
ƶѧԺ˲𣿡
ΪҲ֪ķѧ𣿡
ǵļҲ׽ĺţڹʲôҲǣ
ǱҵѧԺӻַѧ
Цÿһ仰߰ʮѧ
ȷʵǵʣѧԺ꣬һͼֹߣ޷ڹ㣬ܽš
ֻܻؼҼ̳мҲ׽ҫ
Цǹδʵ϶֮ϣƿһ
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1224¡ʦ
 

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1225¡ǿʦ
 

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1226¡ĵѧ
 

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1227¡ʦ
 

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ĺͲҶ˵ʹԸ˺ܿ콫һת£Ȼصһײһһ˲䲻֪˶ٴ֡
һ꼶ѧǿĿɿڴǶս
䳡Ͼ籩Ű·𶼱𵴣ĺͲҵĽֿۻҡ
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1229¡Ԫ
 

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ѧԺּΥҪ
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Ѻ͹ԼԹؾ˫ֻʱڳĸ֣Ԫȴ֣ҿѧԺˣûƤ
֪ԪϳĻǲԼұɣֻüԪ޷ϳ
֪ѧԺʦܰϧϣƻء
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õԾУѧԺʤ㣬ӶϳƻصĽҲࡣ
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ң㡭Ԫ޻˵
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ΪҪ߰ʮĸѧƴ嵤γķѵʱƽʱҪһЩ




1230¡ľ
 

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кβɣ챻ȺʦˣԼңϣҲϰˡ
ߣôĿɫһλԼҳϣ壬öС֣




1231¡Ժع
 

ڶλԼҳϣҵԾԾԣһԪȹĵҪ
ߣȴʦǰ
ʦĲϣĵɫǳࡣ
˵ϻݶ߹Ȱ裬Ͽʦ㲻Լ´£ѧԺɣ
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ʦǳʦ˲ЦأʦΪ϶ȶߣ߰ѧĽе
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֪ʦõʲôͣҲҪŬСϻҲǷǳĽ
ϻݵļ򣺡ʦȸȥ˰ɣ




1232¡к
 

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1233¡ڹ
 

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ڿԿ϶ǣʦ϶ǹߣǶһصʵ׽еʦпܴӮ顣Ʋ
ѧԺλ׵ƼˣûƼдʦ书ȷʵ֮
ɣ֪ȥһλƼˣĺ͹ԪʦΪŲص㣬йԪȼװ֪ʦ
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׼īҲΪڵĵӣԺΪá
˫Ŀ΢У˼˼룬ٶȿڵ֪Ĳɲ޵аڼϸóǱ¶Ǳߵ̫ҲᱻӦϸ֮ŲѧԺϸһκʱ򶼲и
ǣλʦĵͷȻ˳ٴ¥
ҹȫԺ޿Ρ
䳡Ϳãвѧڿҹ
һһ֮ǰ
߲㣬ۺƴķ¥ʽש£ȥΪΰԺİٴ¥ңңԡ
ѧԺĲ¥ղŸֹ书ѧؼƪȵȡ
ѧԺ¥ΪǽѧԺм
ͨѧԺͳѾֱﵽ徳ء
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ѧڱҵǰ죬ڱҵ֮ʱԺѧһѧԺ߼
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߽һ¥и͵ͷһľ̨
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Ǽһ¡ͷһƾɵıӣȻ¥ݿڣ¥ŵĶѧԺм¥¥мѧ¥ûԺ׼׼ȥ
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͸ͫɨͷΪȻ˵Ǽǣϻ¥ȥ
ʦ㻹֪ɣǰȫ㣬ԺĶѣ˵ҲΪǵڼؾͲ֪ˡϻݱ߱ߵͷ




1240¡
 

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ʦʣٹʮܹͻƵˡ
仰ǷϻݣǷǳ׼ȷжϡ
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ȻϻݷǳԼѧϲһԭ
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ﲻԾû뵽ϻݻôʡ
Ҫ˵вԾĵطǾǳΪְϲ
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꼶˵ְ֮һе㱻ϻݹˡ
Ȼ²꼶˿ܵſʦְ𣬵ϻԷ飬ôʦͼȷʵô򵥡
ѧԺƸʦּ˲ɡ˲ãǽѧԺ֮󣬹ʦӦòǽпŶԣҲžòԾܿôʦĳλ⡣ϻݵԽԽ棬û֮ǰ֮С
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¬ʦЦʦ۹⣬ѧԺмõġ
𣿡ĻӦһҪ¥輸ѧؼͲ¥λˡ
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˵Ҳǡı¥ݣߺԪ̸ʦܸое浣ѧԺʲô¡
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ңæͷǸԺǰѧԺκаħ֡
ǰϢȸˡԪ˵ţŹѸ߳¥
ѧԺþõʦ֪ϲŭ޳ϲʱʱһʦǵ书ϺдʦڶͲϿˡ
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֪ǰ¹ȥѧԺƽ˾ʲôҲûз
ڳľĽ̵£ܵĽͻƣ˶˴徳ڰء
ϴ޵ҩȫĹˣٴ߰ȥҩһΡ
һΣĲûʦһȥ




1241¡ж
 

ڶ磬ѧԺʳá
༶ѧһڳѧԺҩʦΪǵõҩš
ҩɸҩɣʳãǿѧǺ͹
ζȽѳԡ
һԵüͷ塣
ŵī˾ᣬȴǴڴڵĳԽȥ
һīûиȥҩ
һߣ׿顢ͬһ
˾ᣬȰ㲻Ҫȡ裡īųţͻȻð仰
ôȡˣ˾ѿӼľϣǺΪҽ⿪ѧԺߴδ֮գ
δ֮ôֱߴˣһʵ
˾¶һŹֵЦݣʦʵδ֮գʦʲôɫҲδ֮հ
㡭̬꣬ߵǱ¡
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һѧԺѧģһ꼶߰°γʦʵʲô
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Ҳ˼ֳʦֻǸͨˣһЩ׽ѧ
ֹ۵㣬Ϊʦʵ
Ϊī߰ѧʦҩʱķһȿڡ
ֹ۵㱻󲿷ѧЦΪֻī߰Գʦճˡ
죬˾;̵̽һ³ʵ뷨˵һѧ
īŻڳԷʱͻȻ˵˾ȡ衣
īôݳʦ˵ݵֻһߣҾ;óʦҵĶ֣ҿ徳ˣ˾һ԰֮ɫ
ĻʳѧӦ
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˿Ϊ徳صߣһ˫Ӷղסžһڵϡ
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֪һӣ߽ܳ¥ڡ
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˵仰ʱ֪⿴ϵķһۡ
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ƹߵ֪ǰ֪סߣȥʳÿ
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˵ţ֪߳ٴ¥ѧԺʳ÷ȥ
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üͷ
㶼жʧȥսѧԺ˾׶༪ˡ
ѧԺÿòʱ֮ǰġԪ鷹ˣôô⣿仰ˡ
֪ĺԪελʦǸ鷹ˣӦòܳŶԡ
֪ɬĵҲ⣬Ѿˣֶҩ̫ѷֱǲ˵
ʦǲҲʳҽǷӦܸǽⶾ뵽԰
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֪شʦ߰ȥҩ첻֪ܸܲϵû
ôôɣüͷһ塣
֪һʵԺǻɳʦܸ¶йأ
Ŀǰܶ϶Ȼô˵еȴԽԽ
һ˵ͨҽ˶Զҩ϶Ҳԣҳʦҽʥ֡
ǳʦµĶôʦܾܿаڼϸˡ
ţź֪ܿѧԺʳá
ֻǧʦſϣ߿ϡ




1242¡
 

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Ժû£̫ˣϻҲһ
ѧԺô£϶ма֮ͼı졣
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ǣҺóѧȥˣûһж
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֪ʳúˣĸں档
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ͷʦǵ״Ԥ֮С
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ǿԪ͹ģʳһҪ⣺ʳ飬ֵеһ
Ǻʦ鷹ˡԪ͹
΢΢üͻȻ뵽һԾĵط
Ȼһ̣оһɼϢ
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ΪԼΪ͸ȫѧԺʦ¶ϧ͵Ϯңҡͷ֪ʵ̫Ϳˣ㱳ֻ㣬ĸô;֪Ϊʱδҩɣ
֪һǹЦĻȣͷ㻹޷ҵʹ࣬ΪҵʣҵľԽߣܵʹԽǽܻ⣡꣬㶼ûаͻƣ֪ô𣿡
ʦȫɴ۾ź֪ĵʵ뷨
֪Խ˵ԽǼ
ҳܵʹͷĻҪǿһٱ
֪һֱڰ޺ʵĹֹʹҩѧԺ¥ҩһԭΪ衣һ˵һ߰˹ˡ




1243¡u
 

ͼתڹʱȴһ
ҩɢ̶ԽԽ󣬶֪ܵȫһ͵Ϯѩϼ˪һΪȷʵʣ²ˡ
ѧԺƲ¥ҩиƨã֪ߣݶЩŤˡ
ͷ֪϶˽ŶϴڸңԲԣ
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ڤڴ󷽣ŵֻҪӦϸѧԺһݽĹһʺĹ
ٴҡͷ֪ôڹ紳꣬ôܹаڵĳŵ
Ȼû˵ڤڣڤú֪ӦϸѧԺȫаڵˡ
ǺǣͷΪڤһһ𣿡֪ЦҸ㣬ڤѾóǱǰ벿ָңֻҪҰæѧԺǾͻҺ뱾һҵųϣʲ꼶˿Ҫңˣ
˵ʱ䣬Ȼ֪ٸᡣ
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Ȼжʵ϶½Ͼ֣ߴƷȻߴ˵Ϊ
һѧԺһ˿ʤˡ
аҴ治ƶѧԺض⵽ŵַߴˣߵ
жˣλԺɲϡ
ߴԺڤڵһаڣǾ̫Сıˣ
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ߴ˵ǻشúˬ죺ŹԺûţ˹µu
ţüͷԺиֳһζιļ䡣
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ЩƺţȷԷаڡ
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һ룬˷
˫ָȻ״ʵƶԺʦ򰵺š
ֻҪһʦѧ˼͵͵ֻ֪ͨʦ߰ѧôļƻͳɹˡ
ϲʱ䣬ǲҪϻˣ֪֪ɲȥҹζࡣ
uĿĿ˺֪һۣѺ֪һ
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֪æͷκ顣
uְĿתϣԺ㣬ĳ̶ֳϣͬˣֻǸԵ벻ͬԽڤڲ֮ΣԹأ˳һһľ
ѧԺʦuô˵׷ƿڴа޳ܡ
ǶѾ涾޷˹ˣаȻ˼˵֮Σ
ȴӦãһʤǹˣ뽻ҩȻȥ
Ȼû⡣u¶һĨݵЦ⡣
ξг񣬾ܶ
ҪǳʦھͺˡīԴ˴ξȫϣ
Ϊóu϶ҲģԺж˲Сˣ̫ˡ
Աߵ˾ī仰ûĵʲôʱˣ㻹ָʦǸҳʦ߰ȥΪѧԺ˻֣
u׼ֵʱ򣬳ô߰ѧߵѧԺſڡ




1244¡
 

ˣտɿߵѧԺſں󣬲˲ͷϵϸڻˣ
ϱһССıƮҩ㡣
߰ѧҲտɿɲ࣬ڶǰҩȣɹеˡ
ΪǳǲҩЩŵүС㶼Թԡ
ҲһװϡҩĵĴӣдһ˿ɫ
ݳĹƣӦһβҩ߰ɵҩģ㹻ͻƶˡ
սѧԺ֮ڣ͸оպܲԾ
һԾĵطѧԺȫڡ
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һݵѧԺˣǸңע۲Χ
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ʮĸѧĲɵý
ΪѧԺǵһγֹΡ
ͻȻ·ѧԺʦʧһ㡣
Ѿһĳ£ǳˣ
߰࣬ѧԺڲ̽ȥʱ䳡ϣλȴǻû
ΪuļǹЦ˵Ժʵ㻹һѡǾ˷ǳ㣬Ը⳼ĻԻλӣʱĵλҸߣΪ֪ԺѾأֻǵһضѡ
u˵ԼʵΪࡣ
ǷƽʱѧԺصԺصĲ¥Աһһصаڸ˷
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uȴûʲô֮ɫռĿģΪı
ƶѧԺڤǳҪһ塣
״uͫʧ˿һնһϢƮɢ
ǿߵĴսһ
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˲˼ĿǸߵ䳡ˡ
˵󻹸һȺŮ
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ȫԺʦ߰һ졣
ʦǵıתΪǡȻ;
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ȴܵߵǰ΢΢ɻԺʲôˣЩһ˭
ʻͬʱע⵽ж˲Сˣüͷһ塣




1245¡
 

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ǹаڣڤڵˣͺ֪Ӧ϶ȫʦ¶ѧԺ˵ţͻȻӿ죬ʦӣҰ㵲סڤu
˵仰˫һƣѳƳѧԺΧǽ档
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Ժж̫أǼһĶ֡
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֮˵Ϊһοһɨ˲ЦҵȲԼˣûͶԷء
Լ͸ڤڽˡ
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ĵһӦǳڸڵĶأԼơ
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1246¡
 

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uһ۾飬ֱֱɳȥ




1247¡̫
 

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Ҳ֪עҩƿϡ




1248¡ʵ֮
 

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ͷؿһۣ֪һֱֱڵϣ͸ˡ
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1250¡Ӣ
 

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ܣѾɹʦҪ˵飬ϸš
֣ܽеǰ




1251¡ǰҹ
 

ԹƧڳǰһ˳Ů
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Ҫ˵ܼ򵥣ѧԺҵŻҵʱ㲻ѡţѡڡ
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ʸʦ壬ĸһʱһֱԼʵݡ
ܲףΪʲôֻѡڡ
ʦ֪Ϊʲô𣿡ʵ
ôһʣȴ˳˼
ҪҪСأ
漴뷨뻹ڤԼȥ˶ŰԵɡ
ǳ͸¶ܣʵݵϢ
ܣʵʦڵˣ뽣֮󣬺֪ܿܶˡŵЦ˵
һ˫Ŀٴεɴ¶˼ɫ
ԭʦȻͽйϵ
ķǳ棬·èצϵӣ֪ʦھ˵һС
ðɣʦҴӦ㣬ʱֱѡ񽣻ڡܺ޲̳ΪڵӣͿ֪ʦʵˡ
ĵͷֿһԵ顣
飬ͻȥʡᣬûɣ
ô˵Ȼô𣿡
ҲԣԺ󻹿ԵѧԺʦȻҲƼ뽣ڡѡ
ͻȻɫ΢΢һ죺ҡȥ
ãǽʰһ°ɡ˵仰¶ǳı顣
û뵽ʦУ˵˵߾ߡ
ʦһߣ֪Լܺܳʱ䶼ˡ
Ͼղ˵ԼֻǰڵˣһҪȥʡᣬҪ׽硣
ôȥҲһܿ
ʦҰʰɡ֪Ը˵Ҫ߾;һ졣
ҲҿȰһЩʱա
ĬܵĻܱһæʰ
ʵûʲôֻм·
Ůܿʰˡ
߳ᣬڵ㣬ǲϲʦ
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㣬ɵڶʲôʱˣʦͽбأϲȥ׷ôƯŮ׷ѸɴԵģҪˣ˵˼ҹʦһû˵ʱ˵Ϊ龫֡
һʦѵҲ
񾭴ʦͷ͹ʦȣôԱʦأ˼ҹʦôߵŮԳʦôڣͱ̫ܸһ
ʵԼҲǸ޾ĳǸ˵ͷͷǵΪߣԹ塣
ܵһ񽥽üᶨ
󣬱ҪȥīҲڱҵѡ񽣻ڡ
֮󣬳ַ뷨
īԼѡҲã츳ܶʵĴŶѡ
ʱ൱ڵڶҲһ
ɢ䳡̧ͷϵƺ£ѧԺ֪Ҫ뿪޼
䳡ϵѧֻǶԳʺãּҹ
ʱһٻӰࡣ
ʦôã¡ˮ˹ᣬҲûбˡ
תͷŹ续Ĳգ΢Цĳɿôõɫ
˵Ҳǣһͦ캣нӣ֪ôˣĵʵ
ԣɫһСΣںٻȥ캣Уûչ˺ǣܲǰʡμУᣬҰѡ˻ѧ
ѡ˻һΪʦѡУء΢΢죬Ҳãڹڶ鷽һЩҲЩУ
ʦҾҪ뿪ѧԺˡȻ˵
һʱûӦʦҪѧ𣿡
ǣǴѧԺְصƶʡᡣĻش
һ˫Ǿ֮ɫʦְΪʲô
ѧԺҪΪ׿תͣΪߣѾҲûıҪ׿磬Ҫһʱܱҵ
ԭˡӹһ˿ʧ䣬ʦʵҡ




1252¡
 

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ʵһֱΣûкúñҵξֻ֮̾һͨˣҲûϳʦĵطĺܶԲ𡭡
ô˵ʦһʦΪһͨˣȴܵѧԺѧǵİѾһ˲ĳɾ͡ĵĳ޵
ӳʶʸ迪ʼͿˡ
߶׽ͨ˶ǼĮӡȫ̬ȡ
һʼͨʦûѧ
ԸͽѧʽѧϲѧǺΪͨ˵ݣȷʵ˲
ʦлл㣬ǱҸõʦ
ۼ֤ѧԺô£ԳԸӡ
ǳʦѧԺͺˣԸ⡢Ըһֱ̳ʦʦĶ顣
˵仰ٴκ͸ƻ
ıⲢҪʲôģһ죬ʲô
䳡ע⵽ѧ׷׷Ц
ùкܶѧй۲أɬˡ
Ȼ֪ᲢŮˣЦЦʦǸŮҪѧԺҵĻⱻ˵лߣӦòٻʦʱڣʦżٵĻپͺˡ
ֻҪл캣УһȥǡϴӦ
תƻ⣬оԼλ˲١
ʦһȥϢˣҲȥɡ
ᡣҪͳֱ𣬽ܺͳһһᡣ
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һ·Ϲʱʱҧһ촽ƺԥʲô˵١
˿̵Ĺᣬһ֮УԼǲòƯԸ񲻹ãôʦȫĵӡ
ʦʵҾĺܺáۼҪߵſڣе㼱ˡ
ݸʦ˵ʲô˵ɡ
ҡҡԺߣԽʱԽǿ˿ڡ
ȥϢɡ΢΢һЦƹſȥ
һڹתʦ롢Ѿˣ
ԭء
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εɫ֪ӿ϶ˡ
ɫ֮£ббӰһʮѸ˻档
ᷢԼĸױ鿴ߵú޲Ҹطȥ
ȻתȾܣǻܶջ
Ŀ͹뿪ʲôҲû˵վʮ룬߽
ﶼպˡµ˵ûʲôµĻҾͻȥ˯ˡ
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֪Ҫúõһ飬Ҳû
ڶ죬ԺҪ뿪ѧԺϢʱѧԺһƬȻ֮
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ʦҪߣ֮ɫ
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ͳվǧʦǰ̵ķ˸´ǡ
λʦͬѧҽմѧԺְףΪгɣԵٻᡣ
ʦأ
ڳʦǹġϻݵʦīѧɫʮֲᡣ
տɿѾ˳ʦҪߺòãԶѧ
һΪʦΪʦĶ飬Զǣ߰ѧտɿɿˡ
߰࣬뱨ʦǾ͸ҳ־Ҫѧձҵ֪𣿡Ц
֪ˣʦ
һ꼶߰ش
Ȼ̵ֻ߰ʱ䣬̶ʱ֮ڣȴ߰ľò츲صı仯ΪΡ
߰ѧȫĵ竵ϰԣÿ˶šǫ顢ڷ
ԺЩѧ˳ҵ⡣
Ϊ׿绹ѧԺΣ̵׿ͬʱҲָһ߰ࡣ
ͱ¬ʦĳ׼ȥƶʡᡣ
ǰ˳һѧԺ߼Բ
һѧԺʺ
ŮӣóԼĹҲûá
ֻܸһѧԺء
ǲ̫⣬Ҫûôˡ
һǣѧԺŵ㲻




1253¡
 

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źƳ绨ĴС̾˹ȥһӵ
ȻƳζкͳ΢ϵޱԼˡ
˺һ˷ֿƳεױݷͶ֮ǰͬٸķ
⸱װ磬ͺȴɷСӡ
ƳΣôһСٸĴ磿٩
ƳӹһĨΣô㲻ϲ𣿡
ϲȻϲνٸٸƼǹһЦݡ
Ƴζʱߣڳؿڴһǣ㶮ö࣬Ҳ
ôǳǲҪչһٸļأ˵ţͻȻһѽƳα
ƳһвҪſңȳԷ
ǺķƳΣ߽ﹲ͡
ûԶãͽӵһ绰
лġ
ƶ־ʡᣬһ˺ܿߡ
ʲôˣʵ
л˵ǵǶӵϰ糤糤ͶʮǶԱȥͰˮӱʡʧ٣ɱɱˣ鵱ʱǳ䶯ǻĺ͸زŵӡ
֪ɫƽ
糤ǶԱɱģʱŴǳˣºȫע̬չ
û뵽˰꣬лֺ顣
йزһֱ鲻֣ҶΪ»ΪһǾǰ糤ĶǢ̸ҵ뾳ƶʡչܵ顣
鲻𣿡һ㶼糤ĶӣΪʲô˰꣬Ź飿
ģ糤ӣƲڶʤ綼˼ˣпչ顣лĽ͵
Ŷһʵô˵һߵĸˣǲıڣ
ǣǸߵĸˣܿǸͷ֮һ۾ỢɽеȨʢգΪȨʢյݣֻѲʱŰ뾳Ӧ֪ҹϸܹ뾳
л˵仰ʱеΣ뾳˵ϸ񣬱ϾȨʢջǽˡ
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лһ㶣Ȼ˵ɱúãһôɾǸ㻳Ҳòʲô֤ݡ
ߣҵϣȨʢѰҪʧλҪˡñ
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ȥķһ£ᰡʱ䷢顣
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Լ侫տĳѸٰʡߵ׷٣Ȼһĵӹ֮ǰ
ȨȷҰֱɱĵص㣿Ϊ³ɨӹһۣе㲻̫ȷŵʵ
ǸǼŵƶ
һΰǸͷ֮һڶлɽĳȨʢա
糤ҵȨʢ䣬԰
ͷκɡ
Ȩʢնţôûеڶŵˡ
ΪȨʢղߣǳ⣬нü̬
ƾһ˫۾ͿԿһ˵ʵǳܹȫƻİֳʱİ
Ѿһˡ
ȨʢճһЩȥĻ棬˽ʱƾ˫ԤԷĶ
ֹУ˵Ԥ֮ڵĶһ֮ڣΪʤĹؼ
Ȩûпʲô
Ȩʢ빤󣬿Ȩʢ˫ǰ۾Ĳһ˿η
棬ɫĻ棡
Ȩʢܣɫޱȳࡣ
糤ɱ㸸׵ģͨˣ




1254¡
 

Ȩ˵ɱҸ׵ĲͨˣѵһҲߣĿ⾪ʵ
пܡȨʢЩ˵Ƽֻΰ׹սʿߣôӦþ졣
֪ȨܹܲǼˮ׼ֵ֪ʵ
Ȼ֪Ȩʢյʵڻ޵еġ
ͷŰɫӦжˮ׼ҵ뵽һֿܣǾֺܿǻĵߡ
Ȩʢһ˵һڷ￴߶š
糤Ǹǧǰ֮磬Ǹֻȡ˸޷ż¸û䣬ûȦҫ
ŶԭǸǻڡǾ棬Ժ
ʵ治֪ʷ
ȨʢߣĻ϶û
ǵȻǸǻڣѪͳĻʷ϶ǻڣʵǸˡ
Ȩʢ䣬ǰȻ֮ɫ
ˣֳ⵽ΪֹһصǸгĻˣǲҪҵ֡
Ȩˡ糤˸ƣȨʢһ߻رۣ뿪ǵӳ

һҹֱƳΡ뽻
ںסķ̫㡣
ڶһ磬һϢƶʡȦ
ǼŵܲãȻҪϼų̸ҵ
ͬĹ˾
ǼǹҵͷԶԶ̾һʡϼſɱȵġ
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ʡҵУȫԤϼֽһµĸ߷塣
ܿΪǼŵĺһԾΪʼĴҵ
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˫ĵһǢ̸ŷʽٿ
ֳܿ첼ϣǼŸ߲Ѿڽܼߵķʡ
糤ǼԵӡڡеѧȲҵΪϼҪҵҽҩҵʲôԭϼźأһŮøʵ
ЦشǺϼҽҩҵеı֣Ҳܿϼⷽľ޴ǱǼԸϼŵҽҩƷܲôͨгӮ
ǼǰֻѻĵΪʲôλѰƽȺе⣬һмʵġ
ǱЦ⣺ϼΪƶʡ˾ͷֵء
ǼѾյ׹ǱߵָƲǻͨžͷΪŵļƻΪܵõ糤أѵϼž𣿡мһӼ⡣
ֳվе㽩Ӳˡ
Ц⽥ûλ֪õϢ㲻ó֤ݵĻҿԸ̰ҥ
ˣʻڵΪֹǼŹϼŵĵļһȺߵİΧ롣

һϼʡãܲð칫￴š
ᰣǼѾˣҪȥ𣿡ѯʵ
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ᰣ֧¶͵ɫΪǼͼǸӦùȥΪǼŰٷ֮ʮſǳġ
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֮ǰɱǼǰܲãǶԱ飬򵥺˵һ顣
ᵽлĵ绰
ԭˣ㱨ġ漴һ˿֮ɫģ϶̣֪˶ٸֹ
лֳ鱨ӦֻһλǸɽеĴȨʢաɫǺܵ
ǰҪԸһλ߻е鷳
ڵĳû߷
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ǸȨʢĸҶ֣һҲǴ´ࡣ
ǰڹѧѧһЩǳһŽһ߷ɡ
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1255¡
 

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Ͼʱ׹ϸʾͷƲûΪݴǼҲƲߵС
ڹҵǸҺǼźػ
һɫĳֳ֣ˣ֪ϼλŮܲõˡ
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ڿҽʦѾλˣ
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ѵҽ֪ӵƲ¼
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ܶáϼΪҵ棬ûеߡ
ϼŻǻҵһûУ
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һ룬ȨʢͨһԳ




1256¡ƽԼ
 

޾Ŀ־ϯȨʢգҲܲסѹֻϥ¹
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ᰵͷû⡣
ųֿһֱսսȨʢա
뵽Ӣͨ绰֪Լȥִĸһ룬ȨʢһڸǱߵһҲ
һ룬סһ룬ȨʢСȥ




1257¡ȷĿĵ
 

ȨʢղҷֲС֮ڡ
ǸˣӦ֪ζʲôһ˿
֪֪Ȩʢٴοͷлɱ֮
ˣ糤ϼٴٿŷɣҵҪ
ĳ˳裬ǲκ顣
ܿ죬ᰱϼźͬⶨһݴͬǩ¡
ΪҲһʱ˹ƶʡᣬ̸ϸĺ
ڶŷٿ֮ʡٴһƬ䶯
ǺͼǶܺϼŵʲôȻܹùʳҵͷǼţǩ²ƽԼ
һ󻺽˻Ϊ˾
Ʒת̽ϼ˰ҵ
٩ǼͶǻĵĺѡ
ǼڸڣһƬܵܲȥ顣
׹Ĵʶ˺üأǼŲʶʱ
Źں͹ϵľ޴ѹȨʢջĻعˡ
¼ȶȲſʼ˼ֱȥ
ڵȵ˻Ӣĵڶͨ绰
Ѿǿʯһ֮ǰ˵Ǿ˵ĸУûȷϣҪ֯ǰȷĵ顣
绰ӢࡢҲܳϿҡ
ԳͿǰһᰲһЭԳݣڿе鷳ǽαһҽѧϵڵݣ֪û⣿
ȵȣһʡû̴ӦǷʵ֪Ǽ⼸ʲôɣΪʲô׹ʯ͸Ƕ季
ģ¼֮ǰʯѾ͵ˣ£׹ܲʱܷڣǱץʱ䡣Ӣдһ˿ǡ
Ҳû뵽Ҫͷǡ¼
ʮа˾йء
ǻӢҲҶԳʲôɡ
ʯҪûΪɹΣҲҪ
Ϊֻͨżţȫһͨžްԣһ£ɲζһŵĵô򵥡
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ˣڻûȷʯڸʲôλã뾳飬֪ҪѶʱ䣿ڵ鷽ûһרҵԡٴʵ
Ӣ˼ʮ룬ſڻش𣺡ҪԵ飬֯εɵ׷רĸ֣󣬳ٰæһعˣǻڱ߾Ӧ
ȻˣһССҪҵŮڸ׶ѧڼ䣬ȥŮѵĴѧ
û⣬֪ŮѶʲôѧУ
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Լзִ磬ᱻŮ˽鵢˴¡
ʱȥûʱȥطѩҲԥѡִ
ӢĻ֮˵еΪˣǸŵǻɽѧҽѧϵڡ
ǿ԰ȥ׶ѧʦѧʲôģӦñҽѧϵڸαɡܿӦԷ
ӢóеӦ
ڻӢҪʱ䰲һЩһϼҰˮ
һЩƷؼҿ׳չĸ׺
ڰˮһֿ캣һűһ١
ˣ崿˫̥ûϲޡ
٣Ժ󶼺ҳˣʲôˡ
Խûĸ飬Ѿȫĵİǵÿ
ϣеλ֮֡
õģ磡ٷǳж
ͨǺġ
ûﺰų磬ĻǶԳ㺡
٣Ѿѧǰ¼ȡʱ䶼øϰ˰ɡǣ˫̥û֣߽
شǲøϰˣѾʼѧĽ̿顣
ˣû뱨ʲôרҵأһǳȤ
ûĽų£ֵٻش𣺡磬ǻû뵽ãǾѡרҵ
ǺǣôѡѡԼϲȤרҵͺãҵҲרҵ׬Ǯ˵
ô崿Ůҵȥϰأ




1258¡ϰ
 

óĳ֮⣬ķ·һġ
磬ȷʵûãпվͰһɡգŴ۾
ЦЦû⣬ҴӸͰǺúһ롣
仰ǿЦġ
ѧѡרҵĺҪ
ȥϰ壬ǸѡһźʵרҵûҲܲ
Լ벻ȥҲ٣޷Լ˵Ļ
磬ȥʲôѽٺʵ
ûʲôȥǵķѩ㡣
㽫ִ˵ûҹġ
ٲԼͬ¶Ľ֮ɫ磬Էѩá
ǷѩȥѧˣҴӦҪȥڿ·˲ȥĺܶԲסһǸ⡣
ȥʡ֮ҲǺٻǣûҲкͷѩһĴ
ֻҪ˻;ľķˣ
ȴ֪Ůô˼ٶɹһ󣬱㿪ƶʡᡣ
ӢѾźһֱǰʡ
սһıͦһԼʮӿ첽߹𾴵˵ã֯Ϸֲ߶ԶҺִ񡣡
á
ͱ߶Զ֡
൱ڶߡ
ݻӢ֮ǰ绰˵߶ԶսԱô򵥣Ǿͨ׷ٵĸ֡
ҽܼ˸ʶ⼸˽һͬǰΪǵʵݴڻȻǲ֪顣߶Զ˵ţһλȥ
ܿע⵽Զмڿ߹
߱ڣǳ¼үһλϰһװӿʵ
߶Զʣͺһ̬ȹǫͨˣǵģү͹үһǰ׶ѧϰϣȥܹ֮ǳٶա
һסˡ
ӢŵݣȻʲôϰ
ϰҪż
ȻɲʲôС⡣
еСˡ
ͼҵļǼ򵥿һ䣬ԼұڴŶӣͳ߶ԶһϷɻ
ݳȷʵС⣬ǻױе
һ·϶ֱֻȻûڹڻһ˿
ͷȲºݲпմ˳һۡ
һ̲סЦ٣ˣͲȥϰ
ֻȥˡڷһ䡣
Ц٣˵㣬㿴жʮ˰ɣϰûгʮģײŹʮգȥϰһͿԻڳһ㶼أȥһܳʱ򶼱ˣ˭㵱ż񰡣ʹˣܸǿȳrap𣿡
ʵϰҪ̿ѵü꣬ʸż
ϰ̭ʷǳߡ
ͼǮйϵȥƽһ꣬ͿԻعЩӵײϰҪɵöࡣ
Ϊʵż񣬲ᱻסƽ˵仰
ʵϣڹҽѧ磬Ѿв˰ѳż
Բݿֱջǵ˿ɱȵġ
٣仰Ͳˣ㿴ڵСǣʹ˻˭ǣܿͻᶪʧʮߣ
ͷͷǵķĻ
ҿԳļҾᣬû㹻ʽ㣬Ҳܺ죬ʱȥ˸ᵽżжôˣ
֮ô˵ǵǳȷʵûʲôʱء
Ȼ·Ҳǲʱв
Լһʱ¿ƣʮ
һǣע⵽λٲҲãıڸͷҲͼҵıҪСöࡣ
ߵһ߸߹׶Ǹ˿˶¡
Ǹ˭ڣ˭úаȫС
ҪٺıڣҲˣϷɻ󻹲üʱͽ
ȥݾԼɲôģųӡ
ʱ޿̶¶һԽУú˵ˡ
߶Զչ˵ͼǸšҵ֮һܵĶ;׶ѧ飬ȥǱߣ͵Ĺϵ
΢΢ͷ
ԼĸСʱ󣬷ɻִ׶
Ѿǰˣҽ͵Ļһ˹˹
ݱӡ
٣˼һ˹˹߶Զ֮ǰ˵Ķĸ֮Ժ
ʵ˹˹λãľúͳһܶݡ
ȥע⵽ı·Ƴ̳Ӳмˡ
ӻ˶ûУӸү
ͱ߶ԶеƳ̳ʱݺı˹˹ﳤȥ




1259¡
 

Ƴ̳
һ֯ԶЭ£ص׶ʱ׶ѧҾС߶Զڵ
뵽߶ԶϾֻһϺȨʢͬȼ߾ЩΣˡ
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ˣһ¸أҵ߶Զš
ͷŻӢɹ˲ʲô⡣
׶ѧ֮󣬱߶Զѧ˾ʹ˷ֱ
ҵԼᣬһȥѶڡ
沿жϳһǻˣǸˡ
ѧûдԼԼġ
ǸĴѧӴЦͬѧҲǻĹѧģҽ־󡣡
ҽг
ڵһˣ־Էǳˣѧȴü
ó־ѧԺϲ
ͬѧ㲻֪֮ǰжܣҺѸϲ㲻ĻҶ׼ˡ
־һ˵ţһ߰
ҵԼĴλλʰһ¡
ͬѧʲôרҵİ˵һϵġ־ʵ
⣬е㲻ش
ΪѵĿˣϰ
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Գ֮ǰû֪ͨطѩ
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־ȴȿˣýиᣬҴȥ棬һͬѧ顣
˼ûȤɴľܾ
־ϸζЦ⣺ȱžܾ˵ᣬѧУѧ½УطѩҲȥŶҼϰҲȥݣʱ㲻ԿУܿĸʺ롣
ѩҲȥԣ΢΢졣
طѩǳר飬ӦòȥμʲôŶԡ
ۣУӣɲô˵־ѹһѵ
طѩΪʲôȥᣬԭܼ򵥣ǾҪѧУ£㲻֪ѧٶУ׷ж񣡡
־󣬲˵طѩʵҵŮѣһƶʡ캣ѧġ˵
ֵ־סˡ
漴̲סһЦңУôŮѣǵŮѰɡ
⻰˼ǰѳطѩ캣ѧİ߻׷֮һˡ
ȷʵţǺطѩͬѧѧģΪ֪طѩĸУ캣ѧ
ûк㿪ЦŲ㡣Ҳ־̫ࡣ
־һְۣĿת˵ɲ˵ǸĻͲѧУȥˡ
ʲô٣ôԵ𣿡һɫ
־ӵˣѵ㲻֪Ǹţܵı˼ҲѧУǷŵĴүǲġ
ˣȥɡżȻطѩȥϸһϲ
Ҫ֤ϲ˵Ҿ͸һ군ˡ־е㺦³ȥΪУʲôģǾԻֳ¡
Ͼ˼УѾٿˣĸ۵ĸҺŮˣ
ãұ֤
˵ȴһ΢Ļȡ
־ͷͶˣʶŮͬѧҪȥʲôУѧУﶼˣ׼ϸУء




1260¡䨳˴
 

˵ǳųĺ׼һȱ˽黹Ҫ¡أ
Ŷ𣿡ÿɷӦѩɲְݽŮ
ֵܣУͦİӹ׷ˣϧͨŮ񣬸ôãУϼʮ򼸰˼ٿɲֱٰͨҸǧڣĸŮӲģƯŮҪ˿ķ
־˵һ͸µӣƺԼҲйһ׷Ůˡ
ôһ˵ҵǸѩһˣҳȥ䡣˵߳ᡣ
־󿴵ֱҡͷĬһ䣺һС
󣬳ײݺĸ׳ڡ
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ͼҸŵĶǵ˺ᣬپȻס˼䣬ûʲô
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͸ƶСүһٶ̧ˣקʲôק
٣׶ѧ̬ǲеģѧУкܶǲˣҵѡŴͣȰ㻹ѧУ߶ŵ㣬һĸүΪǳ¼ܱ㡣
Ȼѣ䣬ȴһɺԵļмζ
Ŷǹϲˣôţĸš仰Ҳ㹧ϲĽһŷ̵ζ
ȴΪڷ
ˣ٣Ƕǻ˵ϣɣҸһѧУϰ壬Щ嶼ǿֵģԺ󻹺ܿܺǩԼѾٰŽһϰ壬һһģô˵û㡣
˵֮ʱʼձŵɫԴ̺ԽС
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˵仰ֱתУȥ
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ݸ뿪ûãǰͿɫᳬܡ
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ǳǸǲǸ˼ҸûнϢй¶ȥֻǼԼһ鱨ϼҸͻɽеȨʢ죬ǺȨô֪ǲκζԳ飬ֻǼҸæȹд
ϳ˵ɡǱžԡ
㱨ܰ䨳˴ʡ
롣
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䨳˴ȻֺȨʢ֪ˣӦҲ׶ѧѧô򵥰ɣҲϻֱ⡣
䨳˴ɫ΢΢һ䣬Ŀ⾴ηĻشҸ׺ȨѾ˵ˣܳʲô£ǶᵱҪĻǻΪṩ񡣡
ϣֺȨʢûƭң㽫ۼ֤Ǽŵĸ𡣡
ɱһŵ䨳˴սս׵ü
ʵ̫ˣĻҪ°ٱ
䨳˴ףΪʲôһҪѳɻʵź




1261¡ѡ
 

ɱָ糣ھ¥ڶ䨼ұںŮԱУֳһͨͨꡣ
ǼŴ䨳˴ԳϹϾӣ˭Ҳҽͨ˿
еϵϢûôˣ䨳˴Ÿ̧ͷŬЦݣȻžžơ
߽һŷòĴŮ
߽ţÿһŮһ
ЩŮôͬС죬󲿷ֶǶݵģȻĺ١
ŮǸżŮţϲĸ档䨳˴һЦĽܵ
΢ĵ䨳˴֪֪׶ѧŮѵġ
䨳˴һϵЦݵʱޱȡ
û뵽Լؽƨĵˡ
Բ𣬳û˽ʵڱǸ䨳˴æǸ
ɨŮһۣģŮţ֧ɡ
ǡǣ䨳˴תΪϲҺóǺųŮš
䨳˴һӣŮų裬ףˡ
ֻ䨳˴Ҳûʲô˼ЩŮ裬˿ʲôطѩá
ΪһֱУŮƽʱҲûôطѩϲʲôڷ΢Ǿ޷쾪ϲˡ
üͷ΢䨳˴ΪֲˣСʵʲô𣿡
룬ŮͨϲʲôԼһ룬춼벻Ҫʲô
䨳˴־ḻĶ
䨳˴һϲԭλĳҲӲԵ
Ļ䨳˴֪Ͷˡ
Ůһǰɣ򵥡
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Ůѿ϶һŮӣƽʱʲôƷװլǾЩˡ
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ڸ˵ŮţҲǺլУǸŮʲôȱʱҪʲôǾͺˡ
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䨼Ҵ˵Ļе
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Ц⣬Ȼش𣺡ҵĻһϲһЩȤкֹġ
ҵĻϲкһֻèèŮӶԳϲͺɿŶӲҲЦ绨Ļش
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hһֻСаݡ
ҪһֹطѩĻʱ䲻ˣһֻè߹طѩҲ
һطѩԵ˼Լֻϡ
䨳˴ȥ׶õĳꡣ
һ䣬䨳˴վͷǡ
ڳСʱճѡһֻǳɰĲżè
Сʱ䨳˴ĵͬѡͬʱﰵųŮѣڳĿһǳҪ
лĻһҪúðͽһ
ǵ˵㿪ʼó˵Ѳżè͵ѧ
صѧУ󣬳Ȩʢ֪Ϣ֪ͨ˱߶Զñ߶ԶСġ
ϾѾ֪ǵˣѱҲյ
ñ߶ԶʲôѴ绰ȥæ
ߵ࣬־ϵͻȻ
תͷһ־Ӵɫ˷ܵ˵쿪ʼˣ¿ȥɡ
Ϊ˽ᣬ˯һ磿е̿
ǵȻǾܲݵѧĵһӰ־ͷǳڴˣѧУңҰҲһʱɱߡ
΢΢һЦû˵ʲô
־Ĩ˰˸ųѧУȥ
һãഺĴѧ춯еһŤ
־ʮ꣬Ҫѵˣ־һĵӣ·Լضݵӡ
ҡҡͷе
һѰطѩӰ
طѩԻû
˵ѩİ
ϾǸŮʶһᣬطѩҲ
ûطѩȿǸһϰݡ
ֻͼŹʵĸѧ̸Ц
ȻֻŵӢｻһ֮ڣѧУ˶֪λŴ͵ѣЩѧʶ




1262¡
 

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1263¡Уط
 

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طѩһȺŮͬѧ̸ҲöѰļ¶Դڡ
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ʽʱطѩһ˫⣬ƺǳ
һطѩķģѾųɳá

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طѩҡҡͷȥᣬֵ˿ȴ¶ݶЦһѩıɷǺÿ
ѡ˸͸㣬֪ϲϲ˵ţУһֻɰĲżè
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仰ɵӶóطѩϲǶԳ֡
طѩжֿĵĽӹżèڵüɱˡ
Сӣ赽˭Ҫʵ飡




1264¡
 

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ѩС㣬4326֮ʯһһǧصشӱǹãֻľա
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ǼҲڵͣ¶ŵɫ
ѩСѵʲôˣֵ䨼һѼȥֺã




1265¡б
 

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1268¡ɱ¾
 

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1269¡šа
 

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ҽһƽƵǰϣͶĻ濴ȥ
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΢΢һЦȴûκЦ⡣
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οʰټԷֱվһţ඼š
鷳㷢һɱɣöңҪ6Сʱ֮ڣСӵʬ塣˵
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ܣҲ̫Ƴһۣһ䡣
֪Բ̫ųϡ
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ͣСʱ֮ڣͺһ㳵Ըٴ߶ɡΪ׶ûбȳҵ̸ȫĵط




1270¡ȫ׷ɱ
 

طѩУ԰ɢʱ׶ɱ֣Ѿʼж׷׶ѧȥ
ͣɱĶ
ɽСδСеȵȵɱֶŷ
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һͲùԼľٶ±߶Զĵж¶
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͵˹ʷǿĳܣ2019ʳ¯ǿ۸߰
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ͺͷɱֵĳʧȥƣײ·һˮϣˮܱѣˮ䣬ŵɢӡ




1271¡׷
 

ֵ˶µĴܶأǽֱһ󿨳ϵ˾ȴеĵȼһ̡
˾Ƥֲڣ壬ȥһͻ͵ˡ
İ͵˹Ӵ󿨳֮ʱ˾ͻȻһŽŲȵף
û뵽·ߵĴ󿨳ͻȻ·붼룬󿨳˾ҲΪġ
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˾һ䣬Ҫ׷ϳȻմ̣͸оԼĲ϶һ
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;ʮֳǣѾɱ12׶ɱֵϢ˫־ͿƲסķݺݵҧĴָҲ޼¡
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ʱ67գ300PM۴˴ƶʡᵽ׶ĺࡣ
ܵܣڿ֣׼һϲŶ΢ŷһȻ򿪷ģʽɻɡ

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Sɱֽеһ˿档
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һλλѩһλŷûSɱֽӡҿе⡣
ѵΪŷ̫ԶЩSɱù
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ϣվǽǮãʲôֶ
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ӵõͦ졣һͳֻҪ䨳˴绰
Ļȴ۷һ΢
ܵܣڿ֡




1272¡SɱֵĺϹ
 

׼һϲŶ
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ԶڻģôϲѵƵĲɣ
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˼ǵ鱨ʱתˡ䨳˴һţǸ
ɡ
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԰ɡЦŰطѩһӵ«Ҷ
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ֶУ϶̵ó԰˵Žһӷŵطѩǰ
طѩСԴ˿˭˵̵óԣĸá
ѩӵζҾͲˡ˵ŽշŽԼĿС
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Ŷ𣿡ӹһĨɫһͦ±Ǯġ
˵ѾλSְҵɱֽʮAɱ֡ٸBCɱִ˷ɻ׶ҪҪʱһ£䨳˴Сʵ
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䨳˴Ϊʵǿ󵽿ӦλSɱ֡
ȴһЦΪʲôҪأ䨳˴ֻܰҳ͵λþС
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һԶ孵Ķְҵɱ֣ի񣬾ͨɱ
˵իܹ118ѶȰɱ񣬽ֹ118񣬰ɱֳûǹ¼
իһ׶ͨҷ͹鱨ȷϳòλãԼݡ
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νصֱȥһξˡ
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ĳҲڳҵ̷Χ֮ڣһͣó㿴ĳŵĿﲻĽ롣
ſڵİ߽ȥûʲôӦȻûϳ
һ̤֮ڣоһ˿޵ɱڶĿ֮С
΢΢졣
Ϥĸоóɵɱһߣٲء
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ע⵽Ůüۣе㶫Ůӵ
㲻ŮġжϳѪŮʵǸ
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ЦܺÿǸóе񺮡
˧磬ԽҵĶܺãԴӮܶǮŶԳ˵ţ˾ҪϿ

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ϵıЦЦȻؿȡһѾ·С޷׽ٶȳ˹ȥ
Ȼɱóһץסյ
ǽ͵ɱ֣ʵ
û뵽һɱֿȫڸסԼɱɱ־Բ򵥡
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δ˵꣬һִֻӴͳһֶ΢ǹҪ׼
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ۣõľǶ㣬㽫Ե
իҲԼķʽӵ徭ǿߣܲס
Ȼ߿ȣ




1273¡
 

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ųһӵ˸ա
¥ĶSɱիͫһٴӵ
ȻѾһ¥ʧˡ
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㲻ܸҵٶȣSɱٶģի񳹵׵ˡ
֮ܣ
ЦһָצסիĲӡ
꣡
իɴ۾Ŀ
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һߣ䨼ұһȺɱֶˡ
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Щɱ־󲿷ֶABCġ
Ϊ̫ѶԸˣסŮв
SɱУҲһô롣
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Ŵİһ£ܳȥŭȵҵ䨼ңǾ뿪˸
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£˵һĨ촽ȻָϵĴ൯˵
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һְҵɱȫĵȥ˽֮⡣




1274¡ܿŭ
 

ףȻܹסҵ402㣿ѩͦѽ΢΢˵
402㣬Ƿ޴ԭش10ֵľ󶼿סȻʱȷ޾Ҫǿ
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ǵһλݵSɱ֣ΪͣûһʹŶÿһЦڹǡ
ĿһݣٴС
ΪSְҵɱ֣óûдκҲԷһЩ
۱˵ǹˣذ׶ûдȫֻһԸеVȹʮ׵ĺɫ߸Ь˭Ҳ޷ΣյŮɱϵһ
Ե㣬ʲôûУͽⲫȫûлᣡŵ˵
ӯӯһЦ˵ͽ˺һͷѩܣ㵹ͽָ񶷵Ĺô
Ҿ㿴ʲôˣ˵仰˫һ˺ѣ¶߱ըԵļ⣬ͬһɽ㳯˹
Ůֵ֫ĸ첲ſҪס۵塣
˽һУᱻϣǳб
ȴɵĶ㿪ˡ
ֻҵĳܵܲˣ
ⲫҲֻгܸܵܲɵùأ
һ˵һƵ󣬸߸߳һţֱȡĺ󾱡
һ̧ȣէйطѩĽǶÿǼطѩ첻ѡ
ǺʵĵǼ΢΢һ࣬üס۵һš
𣡡һŭתץ
ٶȣʵ̫ˣͬɽһ˫ȴץһƬ½ǡ
һ˫ѩ״Ȳø߻ҲһֱûйҪ
۲ûɵͽƻǶ㡣
۲ƶͳ֣֮Ʈһζ
֪Щһ㶼Ųãֻס۴򶷡
ӹ󣬽ɫͨ졣
Ųʮӣͼֲס𣿹ȻԶԶҵĳܵܳ־أЦøȻˡ
طѩһ࣬ţѵѾŮǸˣ
֮࣬Ͼ۲쵽طѩߵı飬֪Сӿ϶ں˼ЩʲôЦѩãҪŶֻڿЦġ
ҡûᡣطѩȻ˵ɫˡ
𣡡۸ûǻŭͬҩͰը
ٷŭҲһ£˵һ
оԼԽԽģȻǸղŲСһжˣ
ӣҪɱ㣡
־ŭ״̬һ˫յ֣֪ͬ䨼ұĶ
طѩǰɫɵĿŽ裬ҡҡͷ˵ɳܣŪڹ֮Уֻܿŭˡ
֪ãڽͣЪȫƤɲĺɫëϸѪܲϱѣƺһŨѪĵڵϡ
սSɱ֣ţ׳Ӳҵˡ
ܵܣķѩû¿ۻ̸ܽȥһ΢
ԭڸϻ½·ϣյ۵ĵͷȥˡ
ѩã뿪ɣǵ˻ʰоֵġ˵ǣסطѩ֣ȥ
ﱻεļٸְҵɱ֣Сʱϡ
䨳˴Ҳˣۿð㡣
׶ĳ˽ıʦţͬʱȴ»㱨Ϣ
һŰĦϣʱ̹עƵı仯
ûҸôɡ
СˣǺһһ°ɡĿڵ
رǵ˵ٸְҵɱȥ䨼ץطѩʱĸ泩֮
ֻ˵ְҵľǲһһ¾ҳĿ㡣
طѩǳߡ
ڻûеõϢ³Сûôҳܿܿɱˡʱ̶ֻ
ֱڣλSְҵɱֶûзݱ
ô˵ͻЩΪ⣺ɱмٸרҵڣСӽѰ·һ˵
ڻͲóҵλá
Ϊһ·ϣܿ϶ɱĵòˡ
ݴ͡
ûٻӦ͵ĻֻĻͻȻһϢ




1275¡ҵѡ
 

Ϣɫ䡣
λSɱ֣λѾ
Χ䨼ҵְҵɱ֣ȫΡ
ûгֳ
ҺܿжϳؼϢ
ǾԵܿǳǱߵˡ
λSɱһλվڳǱߣսֻʣߣһλSɱ֡
϶֪ԼѸжϡ
ҪҸתƣǷҸӵıꣿ
ʮʱ䣬Ҿѡ
ܣҳȥһɫƽ˵Ȼվȥ
Һ򶨣ûжʲô
ʵϳѾ׼Լ뿪
ΪҸӣͳս
ĿǰΪֹҶûпʵޣðա
Լȥ鷳ˡ
һ·Ϯ֮ǰ
ԶԶܿΧలѲߡ
Щ
ǵޡһֱϢֵóעһ¡
ôã𣿡
ĳ¥ϣһӰĻɫ΢΢һ
Sɱֽ·ǳ
ûаٷְٵİգ;Բ֡
ҲûĵɱֳԸֱȥ
סǷ׷ͳǹ
ǵ۾ȫϳٶȣûǹһſڡ
ˣ챣٣ĶԽȫ
ͺ̴ӰĦ𣬸ȫһ졣
أʵ
һش˵ˡ
ңû뵽Ǻô꣬㾹ȻұңʱȻŭ
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ߣǸ壬Ǹ㴳ѵĸɱ㣿Ӹλ಻ʲôܱغš
ܹΪţƶ˱Ҫ㹻ǿ
Ͳţһ˸ڸ̣ɱĶӡ
ܱ򶨣;Ͳˣϵǹһͨͨ
ǹԽԽζųҵǵľλá
һ֮󣬳͵ǰһصİʬ塣
Ǹʵ
ûȻ֪ңӦ֪ҵ³ʲô
ҶӲɱһֻèһõ׶ɱ֪ڸĵλҸ㣬ҵң߲в
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ȤɨҸһۡ
ͿɱĻĸ֣ŵú亹ֱ
ɱôలҿԲƽϣ뿪Ҿ͵ʲô鶼û˵ƣһλߵϡ
Ҫѹ
̽Ѿõ¯ˡ
ȴ·Ц㿴ࡣ
ڲͽ⣬Ѿˡ
࣬Ͱ˰ҪвŮѵİȫһˣЦһЦⶼûС
оɱԽԽأ̲ס˺һǿ򶨵˵ҿȡֻҪ뿪
ҡҡͷܾ
ڳ׼ʱͻȻ߳һӡ
ܣSְҵɱְֻҪӦͽ𷭱ҿ԰ˡ
Ӿ֮ǰһֱųĶSɱ֡
ԥĴӦãɱҸһǧ𣡡
ֱڲ붯֣ǲɱҸ
Ҹһᡣǹһ΢Ļȵվﲻʱ䣬ܲɱң
ǿһõĻᰡ
˵һ룬˫Ѿɫǹҿǹ
һ롣
ӵȫɡ
ҸӽߵĿųݣ𺧸޷κݡ
飡
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ǺѾĽӵɣһԵǽ֮С
˫Žŵ׵ĵУԼٶȳ嵽ǰһߡ
Ȼ߳һţץסһֻϵĵС
ܣҵĵпǡ
ۣ
ûȰ˵꣬۶ϵУݺݲ밣ಿλȻתͷҸӡ
㲻ɱǣ־壬ǲԸˣ񲻵ȡͽ𻹻ӵǧ𣬵ʱߵ޾ɱ׷ɱ㣡
ϻ̫ࡣȻĴ
͸
֮ǰߵᰮˣ۵糸ȥ
տһС·߶Զĵ绰ʹ˹
ʯλѾȷˣ




1276¡ƶƻ
 

绰߶Զܣͳ˵ǿʯȷλãڸһѧԺ׶ѧоԺ
ˣƶȡʯļƻɡ
ʵеǸ⣬Ϊִ񣬵ǳһŭΪգɱҸӣôְҵɱ֣пܻӰ쵽˴
˳¶ģҪİ֯ȡǿʯ
ҵĳ飬׶оԺڵõʯǿ˷䱸ǳɭϣ׹ܲŵļλ߿ʯҪȡʯһǳ޵񡣡߶Զ֣ص˵
һҲǾʯôġ
ԵƾֱӴȥǾ֣Ҳ߳
һָӴķȥȡʯ
һ¶ȡƻͱ߶Զúһ¡
ӢǱߣҲǽԶЭ
ش񣬳ͲԸ߼˸Ӣ·ˡ
һ׶ѧɡ߶Զظ
ҲУУſڼ
ͱ߶Զͨ绰۴طѩȥ׶ѧ
Уſں󣬳ۺطѩѾˡ
ѩ˼ܾˡһ³ߵطѩǰǸ
طѩҡͷ΢Цû£Ҫ۶㱣ң˵۶ǡ
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Ȼ֪ܺãطѩ֪վǸӣҲ֪˶ٱӵһˡ
ȻᰡƳκͷhǶϳˣôһҲʲô
طѩֻİοԼΣиǿˡ
ԼΪ׸ȴʵжﵽ
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ѩҲö˵ʲôֻתƻ۶ʱ鷳㱣ѩˣҴӽ쿪ʼҪʽִ֯񡣡
ûŶһѷѩñʵʵһëġؿʮĵ
طѩһ˫ǹ֮ɫһҪСĵ㣬ҵҵĻչ
ģĻչҾԲٵҪôͷҶСЦ
仰˵ĵ
ȻԼȴȫϲʮһ޷ֳŵһǶԼİŮʧš
ܵܣѩãѧУſΣҲŶ㶼ˡ۹Դ״ҡҷ
طѩӹһ˿ϼ죬΢΢ͷȥ
ʱһӴӺ߹طѩΡ
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ͷҸٵĵط̸̸ɣ۶ѩȻѧУҵ绰С
۵סطѩۣУ԰ȥ
ͱ߶ԶһûС͹£ʼʯļƻ
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ǳһ飬Ǽ糤æ
Ǽҵڶ࣬ڸǵʲõƼͷ֮һ
ΪǼŵĿԱӦÿԳ׶ѧоԺ
ӢǱһ飬Ȼϡ
ӢһǣΪһΪ𣿡
Ҳ𣿡Ȼ
ǿ׶оԺڳ˵һ鷳
ǽ䨼ҶԳ˵Сһ׮
ҳһ˸֮һңֻӵľη
˻һӢǱҲû
ͱ߶Զ·
߶Զȥ׵׶оԺķȥ
ͨ䨳˴ĵ绰ʱλ䨼ҴҽԺոմӻ
ڳ绰֮ǰ䨳˴ѾӵһشϢ
ˣɱҸӵϢѾڵ̨ˣ
䨳˴ǡ
ڹٷѾͨҪ鰸
ûгͽ׷ӵǧ𣬻иְҵɱ
ʱûǱܱܷͷ
һҵ飬վӰ쵽˴˴
ֻɱ׷ɱãڹٷʼͨҲζųжܵ谭
䨳˴ңʮ򶨵ʵ




1277¡ʼж
 

ҪҰʲô䨳˴ʻͻȻһֲ̫õԤС
ΪѾͨˣǼŲٳ汣
رΪǼܲãٺͳӴĻһع⣬Ǿѵ³
䨳˴һһ£Ҫ䨼ȥһ˿䡣
ڸԼǣǽʲô¡
Ҫġ
뵽ҵ³䨳˴ֻʵشҰӦڼЩɱ֡
ܺá
Ҷϵ绰ֱǰ䨼ұ
ĵе㷲
ڳڱٷͨʲǲܡ
ʲô𣿡ʹɫ뿪ֻʣͳˡ
ҪǱ׶оԺżɽ˵
ʲôɫȻһ䣬Ȼ¶һʮΪѵı飬ͨ׶ǹٷѲԱҪ׶оԺǲ̫ܵ飬Ҫط֤ݡ
Ҳ˵ǲ̫ܣǾǻа취αݻֶΣұ׶оԺ
˫Ŀкǵ㣬ͬâ˸ľ
ΪĴȻ֪ʲô˵׶ѧоԺ
ǻɳõĿԱоԺЭ
ǿʯ˵ǸشӰ졣
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ǰˣʲôҪ¡
͵͵֪ͨٷԹٷܹó
ڹٷ֮ǰ䨼ҵ³ԻҸҡ
Ϊ˼ˣŲʲô˲ˡ
Ѹٺ֮ҧҧһ취αװҼŵĿԱ׶оԺ
²˳٣ھͿʼɡ
ɳһһͨͨ绰
СʱһµϽγ׶оԺȥ
ص󣬼ǼŵĹԱӭ
ǹ֤۾֣ҽԴȥԱùĹ֤ĳʵǰ
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һǿԱųоԺڲ
ݵλһ·Ȼͨ裬û˸ʳݡ
һ䲣оңоʯԽԽˡ
ڵܹӦԲڵ
ʯΪǿҵġ
ߵһȫǰǰָƺ沿ʶȴһ
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Աˣ֡ҲһˣӦܿ죬ָ̬
ŵп˳һۣÿ壬֤
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ֻһȭͷСĵɫ͸ʯͷЩʯͷɢ΢⣬ƺĳߡ
оഩŰɫĿԱв׹ˣڸЩʯͷּͲԣʱʱпԱ̾
糤ֵԱˣһԼʮĸ߹ʵ
Ȼ˵ǰʿܹ׹ܲŵΰƻǼȻҪ
Ǻǣ糤̫ˣЩڮǼŵĻ糤ҪϡʿԵľ塣
˴ʯоƻǼŵɹĿԱġ
һ䣬㿪ʵˣʿ֮ǰʯһ޴ʯͷôиһСʯͷˣ
׶оԺæ׹ѧңѾиʯļȻֳʮ飬ǲʧһʮʯܹʮǿսʿͼжʱǸ̫ǿĹң
ʿ䣬Ժ֮ɫ
ͽʿ̸ʱ䣬͸ͫо⻷һ顣
оû׹ߣߣĸλפء
ڳ˵ͬ衣
֮ǰƶõƻʼж
һŵԵ˲оԺĵϵͳ̱
ô£ʿԱںڰ




1278¡
 

ڰ֮Уֻп͸ͫĳܿ
Ȱǰ׼õĹ߰ʮ֮ھͽʮʯװ
ڳװʯصʱоԺӦƲŸոմ򿪡
һƣʵһƬ
ʯˣ
͵ʯ
֪ͨˣоԺȫڣ
оԺķԱֳһСӿʼ
ʱû˻ɵ
ʿ͵ȡʯһ֣̻ȥæץˣڵ
糤鷳ˣʿûвĻʲô⡣
첽ȥһ·ЩԱҰ
ϾǸһҵļλȨأ˭뵽Ϊһˣ˽͵ʯ
׹ɹߣûš
ǳоյĽʮʯ׶ѧоԺ
ʵֱǿΪܹԸоԺз
һͻᱻٷֱĿꡣ
ʱҪԿɲоԺķҪԿһҡ
ô˴Ѷϵͻֱ
֮󣬳ֱǰ߶ԶĲص㡣
ųʧУɫӣԥһԼֻ
һӣûдһ绰
ְֻŻ¶ûһγ䨼ұ
̫ˣ³ǽֲ֯ûһܹɣ߶Զĵ
֮ǰе㲻Ӣľν֯ڲȣʵ̫Զ
ǳڴ˴еı֣۷˱߶Զ
ǿ뿪׶ȥָı߾Ӧصɡ֪ͻչȫѲжԽ뿪Խá
߶Զͷͳ׼õһ·׶⿪ȥ
տûã͸оЩԾ
ԾĵطǱʯ
֮ǰͿЩʯǿҵķԣƵĲ
ڱ¶ڿУ֪ʲôԤϵӰ졣
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һߣоԺĵϵͳѾ޸
һͷ۵׹ѧڵϵͳָĵһʱ䣬̴һͼ߿Ƽеļװá
ڶԱоԺˣ׹ߣȫżװϵʾ
ʾͼһСС״ڲɨ裬ɨ˴Լʮ֮ĻʮС㡣
ʯ׶Ϸ12ﴦϿȥ׷ʿе
ĸ׹߻࿴һۣ߳ʵҡ
ȻоԺԱҲ׷ϳӣװɨǸλȥ
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ͱ߶Զڼ׶ʱ򣬱ľӸסˡ
ǹʵľӽֵΧɫ΢΢һ
ԷôʱڣĿģ
ǱˣҪӲ𣿡߶Զıʮء
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϶ĸ׹ߡ
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Щͨӵܶ·ˡ
߶Զһ˼Ŀ·ΧȦΪʲô·ķô档
߶Զܿ뵽·֮ûãܿǳ֡

רĿֻǵһضѡ΢΢Ϣһ¡
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ѾĿ꣬һ·֪ڵÿһ˷ѡ
׶󣬳򿪱ȡһʯ顣
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׷װãֲöԷôҵǣ߶Զһ¾ͿЩ״ʲô
˵Ѹٽʯϰ󶪳⡣
һ룬·洫




1279¡һǰɽ
 

׶ѧоԺڣװõĻϣʮСʧˡ
С͵ʿһŭ
һԱڵʿعӺͻѾ׷ǸС͵Ӧúܿܰʯ
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һŲȾţذΧȦһǰɽпȥ
390KM·̣ʱʧĳ棬ʱѲӵǰͬһͷڸû鱪
ǲܳٴλᣬѲӶֻܸڳĺ
Сʱ֮󣬳ִ˸ڶСɽ




1280¡ȫ
 

Сʱʱһ·ϲ֪˶֧Ѳӡ
һܵͿշеֱĲǹмʻԱֱײ١
Դʮǳս֮󣬸ûб˴Ķҡ
һˣøʧء
ִﻢɽеһ̣ٷ̶̬һ䣬ֲӶȫɹ
ٹֻ֮ΪԸһˡ
׶оԺ׹֧Ԯ
׹ܲɳߣɽרڸ·ϡ
ɻĳ׹֮⣬ȫصְҵɱ֡
֮ǰ˰ͣöɱ볹׵ķôǧͣȥɱ쵼ˡ
Сʱ棬Ѿвְҵɱ½½ִ
Щɱ·ɻ󣬲Լͬɽзȥ
ΪڹʰϿһ˷鱨
ڰϽһǧΪṩһɽзȥϢ
һЩɱΪ˺ܿͬУƭɱȥɽУȻ˾ͿԶǧ
ǰ֤֯Ϣ
û˸һϢʵԡ
õ֤֯˵˾ԲʲôСɫȫصĴ
ִڹʰϣôְҵɱֵЦ
ɱǵǿ԰Ͳóء
ṩ鱨ˣʵǸͷ֮һҡ
Լͳս˽ȫɱֵĵɱ
㳵Ҳṩ鱨ǰɽеϢҲܿʹ˾֪ˡ
ʱϢĴǳʱըԵġ
һ״̬ٹ𶯣ڶ֪и͵׶оԺĳҪ
Ȼǲ֪Ǹ˾˭ǲҵڣ·ۡ
ڷýҲڷһ˲ͨ紫ȫ硣
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綼ڷ贫ĳʴ͵׶оԺҪоϣٹ׷
Բۣ˭ôţȣø㾡ȫ֮ץ
׶ѧĳߵ־ֻޱȾĽ
ݣҲһ𾪡
Դ֪Ƿ֮뷽跨Ҫҳ޸ϵ
⼸һֱҲˣֻ־Էͨ־̽һ³Ϣ
û뵽ڸô顣
Ĵѧǣû˼Էˡ
ǶֻĻǶŲĵӻ
治ϲ׶оԺʧԵš
ԽԽǾоشźͳйء
־󣬳ͬѧ⼸춼ѧУ˵׶оԺʧ£òɵİɣÿЦĿʵ
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㶮ƨ־¶֮ɫϴѸֵüȮΪǻ⣡
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ͬʱԶڻƶʡᰡƳαҲ׶оԺʧԵš
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ݸٷ׶ѧоԺʧ԰ֹˣһ䲻һʹøֽͨɽзȥѽ뻢ɽС
Ѳ˲صʧ̨һѲԱĲɷãȫɵڶɣʵǷǳ˷˼飬̨߻ᾡٷȷʵԣλڼֹע
ֳһδкһ̧ϵܵѲԱᰲ΢΢ü
֪¿϶ǳɳģֻû뵽ɵþ춯ء
ȫ綼֪ˡ
ֻǲ֪ʼٸߵʵ˭
㣬ڸȫ֮᲻ΣհһԵƳɫǵʵ
˫ֱأڵҲûãֻųϣƽ¡
һûµģȥ®¸ƳﷺżŵĹâ
Ȼһ·˲ڽ뻢ɽʱ廹Ǻˡ
ҹɫ֮Уܸоɱ




1281¡֮ս
 

֪жְҵɱ֣ѾǱڻɽеĸ׼һ
ڽֽǵؤڹ·ĳְ죬Ӥι̵裬ͷ̯Сʱɱ
ɽеѾ˼˷ܵ״̬Щֲ´ˡ
Щ˷׷ϽͷֻܣץĵɱֶԳֵһĻ
ӴȥԻ˲䱬ը
Ⱥ֮Уȴûһܰϳ
ΪͶԼ沿΢
ͨ˾ԿǸȫ׷SͨѲʧصķ
һµĹ֣һǱϵ
Ѿ߶Զطѩȫ͵Ӣָص㣬ʲôⷢˡ
׷
߶Զ˳ʮʯ֯ӦԱУҲζŴ˴󹦸ˡ
Լ취عС
绰Ȩʢգŵôӭһ֮УǸŮͻȻͳǹųһ䡣

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Щץĵĸˣͷ׼ǹ
ֻץĵŮɱֵһĻӰӶûĵ
ѸײڶٶȻɱŮɱ֣˲ʧڽֽǴ
нͻȻһɱԭԹ·߹ˣԼͬĶʧķȥ
ְҵɱǷӦ죬ٷӦҲ̷ɽС
ʮֱɻѰӰصѲӡֲȫɽмᣬ֪˻ΪɽʲôƻƬץ˹
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һޱȷҵʱʮӵʮ
ʧһƷǰһһ鱦ſڣɱǵĵһֹȫա
ڶɱΪı̬ٶ𣬵ѾΪǧͶۣǿ󣬶Ƿͽ
ӦԲɱְҵɱȫķλ۶
֪ԼѲɱǵ׷٣ɴڽֵͣҵɨһȦ
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һֱɻϵĹ۲ԱŶԽе
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ͬʱɽĳƵȨʢգյϢٴ¶Ц
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Сʱȥûб¡
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ڳѲԱְҵɱ֣İΧסӳΧȦĻʼ0
ǰɣУҡ
δ˵꣬ͻȻһıը




1282¡׷
 

óһ챬ը屻ɳȥײһ
Χļʮɱȫը죬һ⣬֫кĴɡ
֮ǰվĵ汻ըһӣΧһƬ𺣡
RPG29ʽ1052mmͲƤͷ̹Ƽ׺650mm115kg
ֻͲڻ̹ˡսװԱͳлںװ׳
ȴѲԸһˡ
ԶRPGͲװʮ֧ѲѸˤȥǼ￿
ıָѲӵʵ̫̫ˣû˸ҵһȥȫǳɵΧ棬øǹе׼ڲ
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˳ѡӲգǾҸطúõϢһ
Ȼָòְ࣬׷ˣǰȨʢ˵á
ڱ߶ԶѾɹʯͻػģҲҪˡ
ȻɽжѲӰΧҪ׷ɱѶȻǺܸߵġ
תӵڴ֡С̡¥д¥֮ȥ
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һγո׿ׯ԰ﲻ֪ٱаԶơ
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˼һ˴Ӹ׶ȡҪϣСʱ׶ӵɽУȻڻɽɱ䣬¶ԼλãθѲӻᡣ
СʱȥѲӷǵû˸ץסˣ
ѾѲӵĳ裬ҵĳ裡
ץˣҲ޷ϴˢܡ
ȫ綼ڿЦ
ͬʱҲǸصĻ
أ֪֪ʵݡ
һսзǧơڼƵķ˿
ɹعݵĻ΢˿ԻᱩǼڡ
ʱһĵĴǷh˿Ȳˡ
Ȼ֪Լȷ˿ҲܹԼݡ
ʰϣవԱка
ΪǸȷѪĻˣܾܿǡа
ǰ֯ӻԱǵӲаѹڰ
Ϊڰָ֯ǸаսҲԱȲϵĵһ͵ڶ
ѾˮԿõö˵ļ
Ħڸɽĵ㣬ߴ510ףǸڶ¥
λúǸȥ
ȻӦмǿϢ߿




1283¡
 

ԭΪǿϢ׶оԺ׷׹ߡ
ЩϢӽֻеϢ
Ϣǳ֮ǰûиӦġ
ѵĸ׹֮⣬ٷǿ׷ɱ
ѹɻ󣬳˸򣬲ûоֱøȥ
ȻϢλһܾ׼ķλ
תܳ׾֮Ϣû֮ת
Ҳֻ֪ˮȷһŵķλѡ
óе㻳ɣǲȨʢǱй¶Ķ
ϾȨʢǸˣǺпġ
ҪҪԼ뿪ɽУһعͲýȨʢյ
ǻɽΧ϶ҪͻΧҲô򵥡
ǸȨʢշһϢ
߷ڱˮΪʲôô֪ҵĶ򣿡
յϢȨʢһæظҾԲй¶ĶǸ뻹ҵ棬ʱҪҵ
ѾȷѲ׷٣㣬û֪ҵĶ򡣡ٴηһԵĶš
ȨʢѸٻظʯ׹ܲ˵ǳҪһɳӵ׷ܵʯػߣͨһ·µϢ׷١
Ȩʢţһ롣
ΪȷʵȨʢյ
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ĵɢʥĹâ˷·뱦ںһֱֱն




1284¡ɱ¾
 

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ĺͶϽ֮ϣԭʥĹâһƬɫһźɫ˫Ķħ󣬴Ӻâ֮зɳֳֶϽ޷ܵٶɱ
оԼ壬бĳֶǧ֮һ룬ת֮ʱϽѾ̵ϡ
ۿֻܲܲһϽ绮һѪߣŨĺ̰˿ȥ
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ۿźǸħڿɢͷҲص뿪С
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߳СһɨȻһڡ
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Ҳһڳ֮ڣͳڳᡣ
ǰһķĸٸͳվţܵۻϢɵϼ˫ա
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ҲʱʱٸͣΪг̫ףû˸ҼΪװ
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1285¡ħ
 

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ʵ̫˧ˣ
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ܹӰҲϳˡ
չֳƣ̬ʼû
ߵǸŻٸ£Ӻ󣬳Ŵ򿪣˳ȥһȺĿɿڴĳ˿͡
㻹ô
Ͳʣµһߣûв¡׷Эܼܲ
󣬳ƹֵоһϢԽԽԶ
ɱߣѲӺܿͻŷ
뾡Ȩʢյ뿪УصԼĹҡ
һߺ󣬳ڿԴˡ
΢ǰһ£Ͻֵûܹϳ
˳Ժ谭ǰá
ڼִĦ¥ʱһϢ֪ͨȨʢսӦ
Ȩʢȷʵ֮ڡ
˿Ķ棬һͬȼĴС
ͷ֮һҡ
һֱڳӰľλ׶С
֮󣬳ֱȨʢա
ȨʢһԸ
ΪȨʢպһǸΨߡ
Ȩʢյģ֮ӵܣΪλͨ׹Ļǿҩ
ȨĲǺСӾԱĵʵˣץסһͣҵջԡ
ȨʢճԼе㶯ġ
Ȼ֮ǰŵõ£ֻʣ²ʵͳ֣δûлᡣ
ץסĹжȨʢԼ롣
ɹĻͷݣȥѡͳкܴɹʡ
ôȨ֮û֪ͨٷڱˮ棬Ϊ˶󹦡
Ȩʢֻ֣ǰȨʢյһӰˡ
Ȩʢ˫Ŀ΢У
ֻĻظ˳Ķš
ڴõ123Seoul Sky̨
ȨʢյĻظ˵ǰ123㡣
ųȨʢ׼õֱ뿪ǴȨʢհڲ٣ҸȫĵطϢԪ
ѲΪ뻢ɽкȨʢհ뿪
ʱȨʢַһϢ
̨ٷ׼һСʱҵֱұ뿪ûֱˣ




1286¡Ϊʲô
 

ȨʢշĶţٷҪֱҲֵ顣
ΪʲôһСʱóе㲻ס
Ҳûж룬Ȩʢյ
淢ʲôԾĵطѸֳˡ
ȨʢͻȻˮֻʵĻҲɱһߡ
޾Ѳ׷ɱǳˣҲ޷ס
ŵָʾϵֲϱ󣬴˲ϽʮӺ󣬳ִ123̨
һѾȨʢյˣ˳˭Ҳ
ͨڶΪǻɽеĴУ̨Ͼٰɶ֮ģ˭Ҳû뵽ȨʢΪ˽ӦøΪ֮췭ظǸĸ֡
̨󣬳һȥֻһƬյϻһԲȦԲȦһдӢĸH
Ȩʢ׼õֱɻͣԲȦ֮С
ûм߹ȥֱǱߣǰ䱸Ϊо̨ϲֹһϢ
Ȩʢմˮ߳һλгҡ
ң΢΢üȨʢգνĽӦ
ȨʢûлӦгηԥ˷ܡ־ָɫ
Ŀһɨλɽгвĵͷȥ
ҽһ£Ҿ֮ǰ෢ĳңĺܸ˺ʶ
ȷʵǳˣΪóġ䡱ûжˡ
λ¼ĴУڸվڳǰ
߻һλһͬߵĻɽдС
֣ⳡս
ԭ㡣Ķųңһ·ϣ׹һҵģɣӵܹٿܣ
ǻĵһ֣ȻܲµóҵܡҴŵ΢Ц˵
һ㵹̵ͦģֱڲŸ¶棬ô˵Ȩʢ׼־ɱˣ
ұһ㣬ǾɱܣҺȨܵõĹ͡
ǳųʵ󽵣Ÿð󵨵뷨
㹻Ļ뽻͵ߵʯȻԹ־ܣӿܵࡣ
ֿȨʢһۣȨʢлǳηԥ
ȻλɽдлûҪͳ֡
֣ڵĳ˵ȷʵȽ鷳
Ȩʢղʮ׵ľ룬ԸտȨʢڵ룬ֱҪȨʢյ
ΪʲôȨʢηԭ
ǹһĨЦңΪʯ͵ǾʹشˣЩʯǻģҵλǷɽսģֻûȥҴ׶ɽڲعԼ𣿡
ұ˵΢΢һ㵡
ȻڼʧǴʮСʱ󲿷ʱ䶼ǴҡڵĳѲǰ
ڸٹ·Լֶҵֱ֣Ӵɱ䡣
ʲôС͵ŵģ
˼Ϊ͵ǽ
ǰ˴ĵĳ׶ʯȻڸڶнȷѪꡣ
ʮСʱȥٷκβ˳
óҲòĸ̾ΪλĲĸʱܵ˾޵Ӣ
˵õȷûʯ͵ģģҾ͸뿪ˣܴ裬Ǹʷ֮УԶϴˢ
һһ䣬ͻȻһը
һ޴ס̨ٶ׸ߵ̨ԭϯ˿ȴһ΢綼
߱ίʵ£һ־Ͳ֮ǰǸĲ
ڵ״̬Ȼɱ֮ǰֲһЩ
ǳϾվԭأһһӡ
ó΢΢ɻ󣬵˿Ҳܲôˡ
ӰҲ֮
ҿĿһƬɺ졣
Ǽʧȥǡס
ֻҪ޷ԿأҾ֪ĵһֺöԸöˡ
ȨʢգڣһϣҴһŵصһ˹ȥ
˲䱬Զͻϣ
Ҳζųһֱƴȫκα
ֵһǣȨʢڵҲ
߼ͬһʱ
ǹĻȣͲسȨʢյĺϹ֮»
һ룬Ҳ΢΢
ҶپʮֲԾתͷȴо󱳴һ޷ܵľʹ
ȨʢġΪʲô




1287¡ֱ
 

仰һڣ屻ײһˮ˲ˮѣˮɽ̨ϻûһĲʺ硣
Ȩʢȫһ͵Ϯҵļ׵ܵش
Բûи֡͵ϮɹȨʢųµǸ
ЦЦʵûǸĻ϶ͳְɣ
ĵʣȨʢնʱһ
ҾԲ룬Ҳ֪ҵܣܸ֪˵ʵǿȻһЩܣʮҼҲĶ֡ȨʢսսĴ
˵仰ͻȻ뵽ʮû룬ǿ϶Գˡ
Ͼɱץʵڴ޷
ȨʢյĴƨһоûУ絶ĿӹȨʢյԴת򳵹ҡ
ֻҰĴˮھѪ
ȨʢգֿɵõĹ㲻ҪΪʲôҪ
ȨʢտЦӦңԼ˵öôУҲֻΪԼѣҺʮͷԸƽֹ𣿡

ƿڴͻȻ﷢һƵĹͷ
Ȩʢȥ˳ҵĲӡ
ʱȣֱ̽мʻԱȨʢ߻ͷʾ
ɶȨʢղ̫ģȻʵɣѵᱻѲӻ𣿡
ԼļƻȲϢȻָԪ취뿪
һĵʣɣֱϱػͺٻסˡ
ڻɽеҺһֱֱֻҲûҪҵֱãͲͨ뿪ˡȨʢʮֿеĽ͵
ȨʢշĲ޵һ״̬Ҫ뿪;棬һ·Ͽ϶ᱻΧ׷½ء
ʱɲһʣá
ֻȨʢһΡ
ȨʢͻȻðҪԼѡͬھ
ǳͷӦȨʢյʾȨʢսʻԱһֱ
ҵֱܽ뻪գǴӻɽзɵݵٰŴֻתơ
ԣֻҪȫһعҾȡڵ롣֮󣬿ʼϢ
ȨʢҲٶ˵ųüʻԱ棬̨ɡ
ɽ֪ȨʢλУӵһ˽ֱ
˴ϵڿֱҲûие֡
ڳ֮ǰڱˮɱ׹ߣѲѾ½½ˮ
ֱԼɳһǧףյѲӵĺС
ֱϵע⣡̽䣡̽䣡򽫱ΪΥ
ʻԱУûлش𣬶תͷȨʢһۡ
ͨѶңȨʢҧҧиһ˿ɫ
ͬһ
ʱ򣬾ô䱸ûˣֻȨʢȥӦ
ʻԱͨѶĵȨʢһק沿ע⣬Ȩʢգʮ֮ǰ绰ңҪҵֱҸ͹ȥ
ѲһԭλɽдпֱҪָӲ͹ȥӵĻΥˡ
ȨԲڿͨˣһѲӶӳæǸ
Ȼһ֧Ѳͦģǻ޷۾ڶеȨʢȡ
ӳζҵȨʢա
ѲӶӳĻȨʢհһڴüʻԱɻ
ɽеݵֱɻһСʱ͵ˡ
ڻһСʱĵϢʱ䡣
ķǳһСʱָʵ
ֱʮ֮ѲǱյָӲ֪ͨȨʢղûаֱ͹ȥ
ָӲʮַŭѲȫ׷Ȩʢյֱ
һȷϳֱϣҪκιǣֱӰֱ
ڼʻԱֱݵʱȨʢվͷ˲Ծĵط
ԶּСڵ㣬ϸĻԿóǸľֱ
Ҫͣڼݵ캣Ȩʢ֪Ǳˣֻһߵڡ
ͳͨˣҲˣһҪﰲȫ򣬲ܱѲ׷ϡ
ͬʱȫֱƽ̨ʧȥ˳¶
ɽеˣҲץĲκϢˡ
ƺĳƬĽͧϣطѩ۶һ֮ɫ
ٷѾһСʱûв׷ˣûпܳɹ׷߶ԶȻʣȴǡ




1288¡ױս
 

ӢǵͷȻҡҡͷ
˵˵ֻƽ
֮ǰǵĳսģûк绰ϵڿԴ𣿡طѩͻȻ𣬳ֻܻ
ӢЦشС㣬ʵһֱ֯ϷֲǱϵʼûдͨĵ绰
طѩ١
ҲͼӢϵ
ûӢͧӦò
ǵ˸߿֮󣬳ֻȫûźˡ
ںѲֱ뻹ԶõıԷֱԶ
һ׷һӣȨʢյֱַɳһСʱǰһƬѹѹ׵˸Ȼױƣ
Ȩʢһֱ³
ΪƬױƵķΧ̫ˣ븲Ƕʮĺ򣬴ֱΧҲʮƵһױơ
üʻԱƹƬױƵĻܱܿѲֱ׷ϡ
׷ϵ³Ȩʢ붼룬϶ǻ
㿴ױơȨʢɬʾ
Ƴױһۣ˵֣ȥ
ãģȨʢպݺҧüʻԱҪתͷֱӳױƲ㡣
¡¡Ȩʢľ
ȻߣԴȻΰ˿Ҳֻսս
֣׷Ȩʢ֪һľ档
һȨʢʮֺڣúõĻɽдвΪʲôҪȥģ׵
˳ɱڸųһ
ӳ죬ȨʢҲԼҲزˡ
Һֱױƺûб׵С
ѲֱҲ׷
ѹѹŵƣȥ֮Ȩʢһֲĸо
Ȼǰձһ⣬Ǳ̺ƣĿ
Ӧóɹ
Ȩʢ仰˵һ룬Ȼֹ
һŽɫӵڲзɳ׼ޱȵȨʢ̫ѨԴұ̫ѨͻһƬѪ
ȨʢĿ⾪㵵ĵλϣһغ
ɫ䣬𼫶Σյľף
תͷӵķֻһܻɫͿװսذ֮ƿն
ǿŽɫӵվսͷһ۵׳˶ӷġ
𺳾һĻȨʢֱļʻԱŵ÷ɻ㿪ˡ
ҲǾ졣
ΪʲôͻȻһս׷ɱǣ
վսĽ˭
ܹһǹΪߵȨʢ˲ǰѽɫǹ϶ܲ򵥣
սûֱӶֱ
ƺõǸӵָսʻԱƲżֱת׽Ūζʮԡ
ͶɣȨѾˣǵֱɲԷF35ģʻԱʧĽе
ɱ㡣
ʻԱŵһֻӲͷƤʻֱ
ɫ䣬վսϵĽĿӡ
͸֮ͫ󣬳ֶԷһߡ
ڸػʯ׹ߣѾȫɱ
˳ֻܽӵ׹ɹ֧Ԯġ
ֻû뵽Է֧Ԯٶô졣
Ҿ׼λǵֱ
ս𣬳ֻѡˡ
ǽûս˼һϷɫϰĽɫǹ
߿յĿ紵һͷҷĿҰơ
ߣȷʵ׹ɹ֧ԮܲųԱп档
ܷǳ򵥣ǹеǿǿ
һǿÿͲʮǿ
߶ǿĳһδӵеܣ˹ǿƽǿ嶾أȨʢǿӦ
ǿԭʮ־ͨͲĻϣǿܣʹΪǿֲܡ
˲һǹɱȨʢա
ȻӵҲͨӵϽ졣
ҿǹʱ򻹹Юߴ
飡
ͻȻ۶ųһǹ
ڼǧ׵ĸ߿գվڸƶսϣһͬƶֱ˿ǹѶжߣֻ֪
ǿһǹȴʮֹ켣ֿ׼ĳų
ĿһʳָָüסŽɫӵ
ӵҪǣ±ըֻըһС𻨣ͱѵһӵϡ
濴־ϲ
ȻЦȻսһţΪڵǧ׵ĸ߿гֱײ
ֱű˲ײã֮¡
ã׹ܲսרҿ档
Ϊǿɱ֮ǰϣܸң֡




1289¡߿ռս
 

ֻ֪иĸ֣ܲ͵ʯڸֵ췭ظ
һǣ濴ʰϻԱǵĲ²⣬ĸֺܿǰġа
ÿܸȤˡ
ӵйٷݵߣûڰ֪ǰĸʵʲô
׹߳רǰʱ涯Լ׵ĹϵŪһF35ôص
ְɣһΪһĹġ˷ܵĴ˵
ΪȥĵĹս֤
㽫ҳɱĵھšǵڡޱǸѾǲԼɱٸˡ
ڽʮ߼ҹӶս֮Уɱ˺öߡ
ȷʵûȥɱ˶ٸ
ԭгҾϲĸ֣ϧ㲻׹ˣҿ϶ܲšЦ
ȴú߷ϻȭһգҪ
ȵȡȵȣæ֣ڿڴֱ棬ܲƵĻ֪ʲô
ҪǰֱˣΪߵĿ棬ұ֤Լˤȥˤˡ
ģһȫƻֱ£ɱġȻҲϣֱ׹١
Ǿɣ
ȫγһ㻤֣Ȼסȭͷӻ
սΪƵġ
Ҳһȭͷ֮ϣһȭݺڿ˿鸹Сϣ
fuckȭͷΪʲôôʹ
СֱһȦƣ⻹û꣬͸ƴڿСѨλϣʹÿ˲졣
ҲΪ죬ԼЮһȭȻûжԿˡ
׹ܲŵսרңǿ̶ȹȻͨ߿ɱȵġ
ȨʢߣȻͿͬ𣬵ȨʢֻǿӦǿȺͿȫһϡ
Ȼ޷һȭ˿棬ҲΪûлָȫʢ״ֻ̬вɵʵ
ҳҪ޻ӻΪ滹һF35սڻأ
˫ȭϻ裬ϲҲóۺϸ񶷼ɣڻСռڣչҵⲫ
˶ȭȭ⣬Сʱȭͷ
ڲʼû⵽ƻ
Ѿ˰ߣ۽ѿѣѪ
ǿһȭӡԭʮֽļȺΣĿġ
Ȼмסľ󲿷ֹȭͷվôʮڳϡ
ת壬˺ü߹ǡ
ԽԽǷҲԽԽ𾪣ΪĲܣȻһĸȫѹƣ
һ仰Ǿ̾Ҳ͸ֵİ
ȻûԼ񣬶۱öңΪԼȲʤȯ
ʼնǵʮ㣬ⳡսʮܡ
ôһӣҲûа취ֻܿԷϲɱ
򲻵ѣٶ
ʮӹȥⳡս־Ĳģ˭־ǿ˭͸лΪյӮҡ
һСʱ֮˶̱ˣٴθܵȥ׿ׯ԰ʱ޷תֻսƣߵ״̬
ڳһ͸֧С
սûнͿŴţʼ
ͷضǳڲеĵ漼ǵӦ֣ʲôʡͷ̨ǽʡ䳵ʮ̶ֹԳóˡ
ǳǿȻרǿĿ֮ϣӲûʶֽš
ڵʮӺ󣬳ѿһнڿϣһȭһȭк
һʼܾȭһ£ڳ籩ȭͷ֮£мܲסѪ
޷֮ͣ˼
Ѫģһֻ׵򶼿ˡ
˳սȻЦóǻĵһ֣ܺͬھҿҫ
һ䣬泯սһָ
˲ȫëըȻԺз·һڴ˻ΣգΣգΣգ
ķӦڵת£סȫ
һ׶εF35սɳڵֱ
¡
5000׵ĸ߿֮УֱըƬҵĻԶϲܿõ
ܵǿұըĳֱƬŻһ׹뺣ˮ֮УȫճɺںɫֲĿƬֱкĿǳ桢ȨʢպͼʻԱʬ塣
ͬһʱ̣Զڻƶʡᡢϼܲð칫ᰣųʯͻȻԶѣ䵽ذϡ
һĻƳΣʧгޱ֡





1290¡ӢĻ
 

ʯˤذᰲŻعָȥҲܵ಻ࡣ
ָ΢΢Ľһſʯɫ糣ʲôҲû˵һȴ޷ƵĴۿл䣬εʯϣ貵Ĺâ
ᰴСԸ񣬴û뵽һ޷Ƶᡣ
㣬һûµģԲԣƳһŷĳ׵ˣ᰼ϵʯ˫Ҳǲʯòסٴεϡ
૶ҡҲ֪
ʱܲð칫⼱ܽһ˿죬֮ɫ
飬ô֪ÿ춼ڼ϶Ҳǿµţˡ
һѿڶȥ
֪ڸǱߣ϶˼Σյľء
Ȼʵ߳࣬ڸ֮Ѿ˲ϧ۵ľҲҪȥ
飬㲻Ҫȥ̫ΣˡĨȥ۽ǵۣȰ˵
ӸϽϣȥ
˼Ļڸ׶༪٣ȥ൱ȥ
УһҪȥ
黰δ˵꣬칫ĵӻͻȻһ¶̬
һλӹƵŮɫŻͲٷϢȡ׶оԺҪоϵķ֣ڼݵϺ򡢴Լγ32ȡ125λãȨʢյֱϱ׹ɳF35սУָٷѲǰúʬ壬ٷδϢ̨עѲӴϢ
һᰡƳκŮǰһڣЩҪʡ
˻סԷŲε
λŮӶԷпʹ֮ɫ
ֱϣһ׹սУǻʲôϣ
οɲϴֱըϳϰװը޷׹սĵȡ
һγѲΧ׷½أĹȣôڵд
һ򲽽Ҵֱը뺣УҲ·һ
Ϊʲôȫˡ
ƺͧϵĻӢˣϢҲһ
طѩ˲޳˶۱סϵİο
ȻԼֹסĵᡣ
ҶԲ߶ԶڼӰϣ찧
ʱյУʯͲӢˣ
Բ𣬳Բ𣡡
߶ԶǱޣޱȵ
޷ԼԳĸ˵ʵһĻ
ϸǶôİ
Ϊ˸ĸòӳҲǺö˶˵ƶʡңΪ֯񣬾磬ʬ޴棬⻻˭޷ܡ
ӢҲݺᣬΪɲô򵥣ǻһϣ
ֻٵˡ
λΪĴսʮ˿̷·ֲ˼ʮꡣ
ӢߵװΧ֮ǰϼ˫ֽסˣ泯󺣣糱
˼Ϊʮʯһλ׵Ļţֵ
۶㣬ҲšҲųˣۼʬ壡طѩһ˫޵úˡ
ûг׾
Ϊųܴ漣ˣܾȥ
ȻǾԣΪSְҵɱ֣Ҳ˽F35սжô¡
ӢǾ͸Ӳ˵ˡ
ͧϵ˶طѩ˵ʵˡ
ʱû˸ҺطѩF35ĵжǿ
ѩãǵȵϢɣѲڴ̣ûĻ౻ѲץסȥУɱġɬİοȫûյĽջ
ʵ仰˵Լš
۱ϾǾ˵ŮˣȻзǳˣסʹοطѩ
۶㣬Ҿ֪һ϶ǵһƽģ
طѩŬᣬиһ˿ϣĹâ
ֻطѩͷο
ʱȥˡ
Ӣʱʱ̹̿עϢ
Ȼ˶ޱʧǣѲҵ˿桢ȨʢߵĲʬ壬Ҳġ
ٷʾҪˡҪʬϾɵĳ̫ˣѲӼ̡
һȥȥ
ûҵİ塣
Ѿͻعڵطѩеϣ֮𽥽Ϩ
Ӣͱ߶ԶǷɽȫòޱȱźʵ
ЩǴڸԵǿˡ
Ϊش׵Ӣۣ׳
ܳţһӢۣ׳Ļ




1291¡֮
 

ĺ֪ǣ˭Ҳ޷ܳʵ
᰺طѩǿҪ󣬻ɳȥƬѰ
Ϊ˸ǡгĸĸһӢӦ
֯ܲǱҲ׼
ǲ˸ٷǿǴ𣬻ӢŽȥγ32ȡ125ȫ
һѣһڡ
һΧƲпܱˮ嵽Щ
ʼҲӰ
ѲӼϻӢӣ߼ʮ죬Ҳ
ջӢֻѡػġ
ΪȥҲûʲô塣
ʮˣ㵱ʱţôʱںУ޽ӽ0
Ͼվ࣬Ȼ֮Կ
ӢѽʱطѩƳһֻ찵صĿ
ֻ᰺΢һ㣬ֻҪʱʱᡣ
˭ܿó᰺Ҳ˺ܶ࣬ϵıȫ޷ڲصס
䶯ȫĸ֮ң˾š
ٷǵѲӲɵ׼Ĺʴ
ǵķ棬ٷǲҰѳǻ˵ʵݹ
ԼһһġʤսҴл׹ƨ滹мλ׹ȾɸӢۺػߡ
ȫ綼֪ʧжء
رص׶оԺֻһ˵ĳʯֱɱѲԱ׹ߡ
ٹ֮޷κγ㱻ɹ
ֻܿ׹սɱ
ʯҲûһȥ
̫ʧܡ̫ˣ
˸Լʤսȴ⵽ȫѵ繥׷׳Ц֪߳ܣͺ02籭ڽ⡣
ĿеӢۡ
һ˻ɱǧѲӳԱݻϰѲһֱԸǰ弯ɻԴุӱɱԻɽش󾭼ʧɱABCְҵɱٻɱSְҵɱ10ϣɱȨʢպͳ֮ڳͷϣ
ޱȱ뺷սȫΪ֮𺳡
ʰϣҪĺԽԽߡ
ǰŷԱΪǻ˶ǳһȳߡ
֯ʼûеǿһȫûıҪ
áаڰѾǶԳˡ
Ϊŵȫǳ󣬵ĹڣѳӢۡ
ȻǶ֪ôʵ˭
Ϊȥʯ֯Ϊ˴ֿǣҲûйݡ
һλӢֵۣ徴ء
֮ǻ֮䡣
øַʽԷΪӢ۵䡣
ǹעʱµһΪһ廳վ
Ӣ׼ܲ飬ΪһӢ۷ᱮ
ڴ֮ǰҪʹĸչ
ʮȥչ񻹱ڹ֯Ǳ߶ҸǣʹϢ
չƽʱҲעʲôţֻżھ˵˼¡
ǸѸɳµˣ뵽ϡ
춼ڵֻݣߺྣļҳ̣Լӵʱ򻹷ǳġ
Ӣͱ߶Զˮ򣬿չںھӸ˵ʱλһۣ̾˿
Զȥ˵ɡӢչžͱСʮ꣬һ¾ˡ
׷ͺڷָоӢȻûʮֲܡ
߶Զˢһ¾ͳˣҡԳĸĸ
ǶԳĸĸ˵İˣͻȻȥ˵ˣǿ϶һ½ܲˣҲ޷ţҿ߳ĸĸɡ
߶ԶûȥʵӢҲǣ˵仰󣬱߶ԶҧҧͷӦ
λȻȻȥ
ϼճӢñ߶ԶȻóֻ׼绰ᰡ
ȴȽӵһеᷳ˵绰
˵ֲսڸӢ׳ź绰Ȼ˵ȴûаź
Ӣɫһߵʮˣõ𣿡
绰Ӣģǽά־־ֳ
˵̫ҵػˣô˵ΪΪˣȻΪ֮ϧʹҶԳֻߵľ⡣һʹļ׵Ŀ˵
Ȼ˵ģˣӢǲӣлֱ˵绰ҵʲô£




1292¡
 

Ǻǣǿ˿ʵҴҲûʲô£ʳʲôʱУȥƶ䡣ƤЦⲻЦʵ
ӢĻӦûڣôż𣿡
ܸ飬ƶʡôҪˣܵɵ˹ȥѹǣȸкʼձЦ⡣
ͼȻΪ˵Ϊƶʡ㵺⡣
֮ǰгڣĿŵжлְλ㵺ȥµάԱ
Ͼ㵺ȺʦΨ𣬾ԱȥҲ޷ڡ
ڲһˣû˳ƶ㵺ƿأά־չĺûᡣ
ƶ㵺Լǰܾ֡
Ҿ˵ΪʲôͻȻ绰ңߣȻǻǸ꣬ûİӢŭѵʬδ붯һλӢۣ
⻰ˣֻº¶ѣⱾάְֵ𣬺ˣѸ֪һпǽϷ־ֺȲ衣һ˵̹꣬Ҷϵ绰
㡢ߣӢɫࡣ
֪ʵǹ绰ġ
Ͼ֮ǰڽ϶壬Ū²̨
ڳһҫˡ
ӢҲ֪Լʵκβ˳
Ϊ֯άǾˮˮ
ֻҪҵ㹻ɲƶ㵺֯ѸԤж
֯ʣǸԤάǾǷ˴󣬾ְλٸߵְܱܿ
ֻܿܲó㹻ɡ
Ӣ绰᰺ᰱʾᴦý֮߳ĸ¡
ʵûз
Ȼ֯Լ
᰷ԼԴ˶ҴֻȥѰ
ҹӶ֣ڳܿƯغشչ̺ʽ
ƶʡʸ塢㵺ƴʦȵȣԮ֡
롢Ҳɳֱæ
ϵлͽ컪ʱ˶ֻܱʾǸ⡣
лƶά־־ֳ֮λˣڼҵȴֵܾĴ
컪յܷͷ
ܿһλߣƿƶʡ磬Ը巢档
㵺ǱߣҲɳһλԱ
ƶʡ㵺ֻջضᰵ֧Ԯ
ϼѲͨҵƶʡͷҵϻʸǱ˿ľ棬ȻԸᰣѰжû̫ܵӰ졣
һϵǿӲֶΣȻ᰷ǳŭ
ϾǾ̵ģֻܴ绰Ӣ
ӢյϢ̴绰ʳ
׼ú֣Ӣļ
ļ֮󣬻Ӣ޻˵ˡ
ֹٷʵ֯ƾļ¡
ҹȻļ谭£ǳء
ᰵõӢĻظĸҲʮΡ
ֻͶȫѪϧһд۵Ѱ
ֻҪţһж˵Ҫ
hطѩԼĺ֪ǣ׷׳ʰһ֯Ѿȶӡ
ȻǳǮϼŵʲ٣᰻ˣΪǶԳ⡣
⣬ν컪Ǻ캣еɡ
ҲɳȥƺغѰ
ٲ֪˶ٴΣÿ춼ƽ
˫̥ûΪǳǣȴ֪һ޴Σٵϡ
жһ£֪˶ƬغشÿյϢûгϢ
λɽŮܲöҪʱԶڽϵļҶС㼧˫ڼլõһϣдʵռš
˫ǰǽϣһȥ²֪õĻ񣬻ϵѱаȿž׵ķɡ
ΪΪߣ˫õǲռ
ԼռһСʱ֮󣬼˫üͻȻչˡ
ɫ΢ϲ˲ͷϵ㺹ȻǽϵǷ
㾿ǺεȳӰ֮û
ȴ֪ڵηƶأ˫Ϊ㲷һ԰ɡ
ڳ֮󣬼˫ҹΪԡ
һºʣһ
һ˫ǰԼˡ
˶޷⣬ΪʲôСͻȻ֮ħһһʱլʦүǰռ
Ϊһ޹ϸˡ
˫ڽϿǳĸ䡣
ϵһˣΪһ˷ʳռȥԻúܶ˴۾




1293¡Ϊζ
 

һǰƺ򣬱γ32ȡ125ȡ
ȫת壬õĻš
䣡
F35սըѳըø뺣С
׹ĹУоȫƤȸʮǿңȫﱻ·ٻٵüһɶ
Ϊ˵ըľ
漤սһСʱȫ͸֧һûС
ǿȶ½ࡣ
ĸ׹亣棬㲻Ҳˤˡ
ҲûκεĿռˣտҲ᲻֣ҲζųֻܱĿ
30ʱ䣬5000׸߿׹뺣Уȫǡ⡢ࡢ̶ܵͬȵش
ѪȾһС麣档
ǳûбˤ
ˮû۾͸ˮһƬꡣ
һֱкűը𻨣ͳһͬ׹뺣С
ѵҪ𣿡
ԼֽһûУϺ涼֮󣬲ɵƵ뷨
ǰǷǳƵġ
۷״̬ˮ´һСʱɡ
ƺҪˮˡ
ЦȴЦ
ڱʱ̣ʼعԼһ
ǰʮ꼸ûʲôûع˵ģһ˼Һѧѧɻ
Ȼڸʱڣʶ˷hһο̹ĵ
ʮʱ򣬱һݽŮˡ
ȻõаҽУһӴ˿ʼһѤ
ֱ֯ǰҪϾ㡣
Ժпٲһʯ̣ܹоԼȫѪڡ
Ȼ弴״̬ǻѪԶȴ
һ̳ʣΪ񸶳Ĵۣ׺󲻺ڣ
ңִ˶ٷ֮ʮŵ˶еڡ
ûκγɣ̸ֳһʮֿ϶Ĵ𰸡
ڣ
ڣ
ѡһΣǻӦӢִд˴
һλ˵һҪ죬һһ죬ԼΪζһ졣
ΪһˣаҽУȻԼΪζ
ֻ˶˽Ҳһì壬μᶨԼңľġ
ΪԼĹҶսʱ򣬳ֱԹ޻ڣңڵΪ̡
ͷһţ׹뺣ʮ
ĸˡѡֵܣһϤˣǵЦòڳԺвϸ֣뵽õļ䣬ںˮһЦ
ʲôտˡ
ˣֻҪһ˿ϣ;Է
Ȼ޷תҲûһˣֱ˿̣ϾûˤҲû
취Ծȣ
߱ѲץƯĳ˾Ҳܻ
˳һһơ
ˡըˣˮˤˣЩƶѻһ𣬳ٱ
û޸ά֣а֮ʼ
ʱƵĻûˮͻᱻаɣʱҲһʬ⡣
ںˮҪϢָǲܵģŬ״̬ȻͷʹѣƴԺ̺аҽ֪ʶ
³ʮ֮󣬳ҵһֶаķ
ַֻҪǳĴۡ
ˣֻҪܻа취ֲۣ
¶ģָܾͷͥѨϡ
ŷѨ
ϴаҽʱİŽͰͼѨλӡ󷨡
Ž֮ͬڣŽоƣŷѨȴӡڵġ
ǹŰаڰŷѨ֮жᱻѹƵӰ١
ʩչֵѨַаԳ׶סҲ˲ܵϢת
Ϊ˻ֻѡ񸶳ۡ
ͥѨţ⣡
Ѩţ⣡
Ѩţ⣡

Ѩţ⣡
µѨһѨλ֮󣬳۵ԺǸҶˡ
ŷѨ̷Ча֮˲ڳɢΡ
ıˣ죬ҳͽүˡ˼ûˣ˫ۣ״̬
һԣֻ˰ڲ
ҪôѲܣҪôƯĳ˾
ȻһֿҪȵڶִöࡣ
Ҳ֪ԼǾһľ棬Ѳӻ׽Ļ
ڳ˫ۼ׺ʱֻ谵ĺˮһ΢⡣
ó־ϲ
齣
֮ǰƵľСһֱЯš
置ʱľСƸ壬ľСȡ˸ֽ齣
ֻƶľС󣬾ͽ״̬ˡ
û뵽齣һ̷⡣
ܵһº͵ס̲ס˯ȥ




1294¡ϴ
 

齣岻ܺˮϮһ˿˿ڳߣ޸ųơ
Ȼ齣ԶԶȣֻάֳóΪ̫ض
Ҫ޸ȫǲܵġ
齣ţʶںƯ
Ƕ˸ѲӵĴ̡
ӢӴҲ˴ˡ
֮齣ҲľˣܵȫůϢʧˮıں
˶ֽţǸоԼǳ
۾棬İһƬȻʱϡ
ֻûκβ֪Լη
ʱǰԼʮ׵ĺˮ֮УһӰ
ڹ߻谵Ѻ˼ſӰ
һ֮£ͷ͵һ𣬲ĵɴ۾Ǿ֮ɫ
ȻһԼ
ǸӰɫʮֲ԰ףݣѪɫȦصϣһԾ֡ӡ
Ҳ˳
϶֮ɫ
Ϊʲôô񣿡
ѵҳֻþˣ
ĵðĵһͷԼ̫ںл˲֪죬˳ֻþ
һ̣ȷʵǸʮ׵ӰԼӳա
·𿴼һСԼںˮ޷ƴҪϺ棬ȴΪֻ׵׹䡣
үʱˣҪŪϷŪ𡭡
ԳһЦ
ҳô׵ȥҵүҵ㻹ղߣ
˫۷һţ˫ŷƴȫϵȥ
ʮ׵ǸӰ˦һ̵ľ˫֣ͬ٣ͷ๾ƺڸȡ
ʶԽԽѣͷһԭǸӰǻ󣬶һˡ
ֻ˺÷ǳѡ
ԳҽóΪĳԭ׹뺣еˣǸʮֵ͵ӣʷԳʮϡ
˾ԷȣҲԮ֡
һʹǳֻԾȵ޷پһˡ
ζʮ󣬳ڸ档
ֻʲô齣֤п룬ȫ׹뺣ˡ
ֻһٻ̡
Ϻ󣬴һڴһú쳤Х
޾֮·ڴʮľдˣ
˼ʿ󣬳Ŀһɨֻ治Զͣһ֣ϴʱе֣ǵ̸Ц
ٷԶһЩԿԶҹɫеĵƻ
뺣Ѿܽˡ
ֻǲ֪Ǵڸڻľڡ
ιȥǱߣϵ˵Ĺԡ
Ŭ˼Ӻ󣬳ͣڴڵĴʲôоۣȫǿ־ǿš
εָܹ˵ˡ
˵ҪͰ˯
磬ϲ㳴׬ʮ򡣡
٣㿴Ůĺĸģ

ϤĻԷ
һȺھۻᣬǱˡ
ȻǻˣͲκι˼ɣֱεֱϣˮоִе˰æȥ
һУװϵŮŮ׷ߵΧϣ¿ȥ
ⲻǰôȥˣ
϶̫ˣʧȥˣ
ǰүܵȥ
һүС㽻ͷӶ۷׷ףг˱ĺͼмȫܿӡ
óһʱ޷⣬ôЩ˶ʲô٣ҸɷƵġ
ûжʱ˼ٲȥҪںˡ
Ϊεȫľȫ
ˣѰپһλ̽ɫװĸٿȻ΢΢ҡͷиֿ֮ɫ
Աϼװ壬̱ڵϴڴ
٣ô°̫ˣǷ׷׳Ц
ԻĿڵҲʲô٣ҽгƶʡϼŵϯҽʦ鷳˭İæͻƶұл

һ䣬Χ̱һЦ
Цǰ׸ҲЦû֦Ҳ
ᶼЦˡ
٣ˣ˭֪ҵŮ
֪Ķлˣ
ٻ˵ԼʲôʲôŵϯҽʦҩˣΪԼҽҾĶҽླþ˰ɹ
ЩЦĻڴŪˡ
Щϴˣʲô




1295¡ŵù
 

ϴˣҲʲôҲûɫ˵
٣ˣϷĹǳģװ˿ûʲôá̽ɫװĸٶȿڡ
ٲˣӳЦ˵껰ɨһȦǣʵ˭ϴģླҲ㣡
ҡңٶԲûð١һзͷĸæܳ׵ǰֱۣѹ٣Ҳ̫㿴㣬ûˡ
ֻһ¡ú฻ֱ̫࣬Ӵ绰ᰣš
зͷͳֻΧ۵ȺУһͻȻĺȵһ׼ֻ
ôˣ
зͷٱһ
תͷһ̹Ծջֻ
ֻûУֻܰĿתƵǸϡ
ֻӵɫ֮⣬۵׻һ˿ɡ
ӺһñȽİ˶һۣ˶Էɻ֮ɫ
ĸ磬ٽֻ绰ɣʲô𣿡зͷٴһ˿ηʵ
ĸ磬ȫ£һμҵıڣ书ˮƽ͵ϵ˾һС˶
зͷйһǿŵϺŶѣȻǲҵµġ
ֻùһʮֲǣΪʲôμҴûμұڷˡ
º˵ܽ绰Ͳܽ裬ô𣿳Ա˳ŵģ
һڨڨһЦҷ
ǰĺѣҩû뵽һ񣬰Լ׹ˡ
Ҳǹһİ˼һ㣬ϴּྵģô׹أ
ұ˵ԼʲôϼŵϯҽʦҲҲա
ˣҼ·ٴϣðҺ˵Ҵдܡ̽ɫװ䵭Ŀڡ
óպܾܿҺֵˡ
Ĳ²ûյļ϶ȨƼ
벻ԼȻƯˡ
ǱغУͻĴһ߳еɭкܽòǺܷֻ߳С
·ûһ˹Ҳ޷˭ֻ
ǸһĶƺڼһ
٣μұڣǵﲻ𰡡һ͵˵Ҳֻ²þû취ǰ֣һȭܰˡ
Ϊʲô˽ֻŬ˱߿˿ʵ
һٶѹྶˣѱμҴη׿Ϻö˰ɣһʧ׹пܾη¸ɵģԺ㻹Ǳμҵ˽ӽˣôĶ֪
ȻûлӦһĻŪһЩ顣
Щ˰ϳһаүеҽҰңǼϵүȻˣ¿϶û
ȻһҵŮŽѡ
ֱμҴη׿ϣΪѺͰ飬ηױıɱ
֪֮󣬳ͻȻղںпһúӰ
ǸӰܾܿǱºİ
ǸùȴҪһ鵹ùĿЦ
Ϊͽ赽ֻˡ
һĺ𣿡ԼǸ߰˷ѡ
ֲͰʿ϶
ô˶϶ɰδе㲻˼顣
һûĵ㿴ɫ׳ˣ֪ĻΪں˶ãϹӲſҩ
ԣȻ
һ˵һؼ㣬Ǿȷʵں˺ܾá
Ҽˣ޷ϢվӵĻԼܱӿ
⿪ŷѨҪ޷Ϣָ൱һͬ
ֻеȻصİ˽绰Ѱ󾯷İܻȥƶʡ
úܺãȴû뵽һһһŮǴ
һһŮᣬŮĶʮң÷ǳòһϴڶ฻ٵĿ⡣
ֵ˴յ˫
ŮǶʮͷӣľȻǸӡ
̫ʧˣŮϼװ壬ֱ߹
˪һŭ䲻ɫƾҪһǶ⡣
Χ۵ŮŮ¶Ϸʡĺͼмı顣




1296¡
 

ۿŮİƾҪϣȴʵûʲôȥˡ
ǳôܹ̱һİŮ˴⣿
ȻİŮ˳úƯ
һ̣ڴİû
Ӳһ˿ץסŮ
㾹ȻҷŮˡ
仰һ͵͵Ц
һ¾ˣƽʱûٰԼŵİơ
ûǰŮƯŮѡ
ͼѳ֣ǳ˼¶鲻
ѵĽǶϽǵһαϹץס󣬶һô˵棬ɵŭ
ſңԲһ⡣
סȭͷҪк
һæֵɩӶԲ𣬶ҲãҲôٳ˲С׹
һ㲻˵һûأ;㲻ҪͰˣ㻹죬ǲûҷѲŭӹһ
صľǼ棬Բܶҵ
ô฻ӵǰ˳Ȼʮ
һڨڨɩӣðڼҲǾǳ桭
棿ǺǣΪҿǲǣ׹ҿҩྴ˵ɣû̫ˣý΢΢
ʵ̫ˡ
ſѵ֣ƽ˵ҲϹҽгҾ֤ҵݡ
ҩɵˣȸһȥСߣѸɴ˵ֻĸϻ
ڳһЩе㾴Զ֮ˡ
ӣƢ󲿷˶ܲˡ
ȻеȦ˶֪֮ǰԸû
ȫΪͰ飬Ż䣬һֻĸϻ
Ҳ¶ζɫģֵ˴ա
ΪеĶ٣δ֮ǰҲ¶ѵĽ
ʱĴҾͺͰҰΪĳԭ򣬴ûо
ȫֻܺ޵ֿıѵĵܵСȻץס첲
ܲվȵ㣿С
һҲ򡱺ɫ
ƽʱ϶Сһѵˡ
ڳֻ̡
ΪóСӦлʵ
ȫࡢһ̲ӣиǺεʧ
߰ɡ
ߡں˵һ䡣
ѵعͷ£ôҲ
µԣμҴηײûиһе֡
ɶԣηܴμӵĻμұڣǰе㲻̫ˡ
ܣ˵ٽҪμɶԣصһѡ¹żЦӦ
һҵ£ֲμܣηЦҲˣǰ׹飬ҿɲˣûעԼûзʲô
ΪһǿɵŮˣ˼ȳϸö࣬óԼķϹ׹Ϊҩྴô򵥡
ϳԵô룬ȻĻɡ
Ͼηϲ˾֪飬ѱδٲһЩĵֶõ
ܣ⻰ɾˣ˵úıɱμŮһ𣿡ɫ΢
μұڣμҵȨƱҪö࣬˵Ͳöô
ƫƫҪӵˣӵĵ֮һúõģȥηףΪ֮
˻һΧ۵ĸһ˽
˵ú̽ŮǿˣҸȲμңڼĻȨҲ࣬ôպηף
฻ǿǷǳЦģò͸ҽаηףδ̫Բˡ
ڶ฻ǰչ¶һμҵϣȴȽͣˣҵĵ̣㻳£ǲӣôɵͷϿķϹȥɣ
Сߣ˵ŵ˳һۣǰҵӣȴҪճŪе²̨ô˿Ц
ϹԼűҲæ˵仰ʵ̫ˣ
ֻܱСߣͷһۡ
ֻաµ۵ײԼͬӹһ˿֮ɫѹһҲе㲻
治ٰɰ׹ֹܲһ֡




1297¡
 

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˵Ҫ¾ǻصƶʡ취ûӢ֪
ϰûü·ȣͱСֱС
ѿһX2䣬ؼ38ңǺţҲԿóѵҲرС
󣬳С׳ʵֱۼһۣе㲻ˬ˵־Сɢˣĸˣ
ҽһǿҽϣҪȻΪһַ𣿡Сǳ䵭˵仰Ͱͷȥ⡣
ûлش⣬ǹƲ˵̬š
ΪСԼҽҽңҰһ˵ѧ츳ܸߣڳһҲˣĸⲻȡ
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ѵ׵ܵܣͷ࣬һãжһȥˡ
ڵӲﵽСɼұȽοҲȽԺһ¡
УʮһСɵߣǰһˡ
ҾСڼר䣬ʱСʡãǾΪ⡣
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Ȼǰˣ֪Щӵ顣
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Ҳ˵ͨжĻΪʲôҪԼүȥŮ׸ɲʲôʵ顣
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ʮӺ󣬳ӽһƬܸߵСͣ£С˳һ¥ȥ
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תͷĿ˳һۣ̾˿ʲôû˵תͷȥ
ڻԶһۣٴˣΪʲôƫƫǼ̯ôŮ
ĬȻЩ˵˵
עģǰĸϵֻ
лĻһҪõֻ绰
ѽĻȴǽ˳һˮ
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Ҳ԰Ůϣ᲻ĵЩϰԡ
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ĸһγԺζġŮںɫ
ΪĳԭڻԶͽɨسˡ
ѶԸ׵ͷ߽æµ
ûз֪ԼûԶˣҪָ
СƳ˳һۣԼȥȲˣϴ롣
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Сȭͷյ죺ƽʱϴģҩˣҪҰúһ°
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Żܹ֮أô̲ס
߽ҲȲˣֱӳ䷹ˣһ΢ĿǽϹŵһѲ˵
Ȼԥ߹ȥѲ˵




1298¡
 

ʲô׼֮ˣò˵ҲΪɱˡ
һҶΪԭ򣬵һûʲô
ֻΪ˻صƶʡòô
ڵò˵Ҳ򲻹СǿһһӣǱͽá
ʱ򾯷һ飬֪ǳǰˡ
ƻúܺãס˵߳һ͸оʹòС
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ҪߵڶĲ˵ղסˣѵһڵϡ
ѡСڻԶһˣ
ѿϵĲ˵־ŭʵò˵
ȿȣҲСİѲ˵Ūˡ˸ܼٵĽڡ
ڻԶڵСȥѲ˵Ժٶһ㣡
С첽ߵǰ˵һǽڣȻ˳һۡ
ˣķˡ
ҵûò˵ⷽ룬ǾŮһûУѾǸķˡ
ֻСʾ£߹ȥϴ롣
ϴĶҲǷ˳ϴľϴ֮󣬳оԼ˫ֽľ·ʧȥ֪һ
ȥа޷绰֪ͨǣҲҪ취ҩβڵĳֻҪ΢ͻᵼƶ񻯡
߻ؿǶڿӣԥ¿ڵ̫ˣܸܲǮҩһ
㻹ҪǮһԼ̣ģֲñˣҲǮ㣡͵͵ȥ
վԭأFUCK˵
ʱѱڲŵȥˡ
ѲѾӷĺ72Сʱδҵӷʬ壬ϢƸٷѷֹ̣գﷸָ¼һ䣬λѲҪҥԣӻδȷǻˡ
Ҷ˵ǻˣ̨ʲôģڻԶ޵˵ָĻˣӢۣӦøŶԣٷ̫ˣʧĵģ
֣ҲӢǻˣҵżҵ书ӢһߣҾȥֶ季һСѵ¶˷֮ɫ
µܵܵԴЦ⻰ڼ˵˵ԣɱȥ˵Ӣôõģ˼úһ󻹲ˡ
СͷǺǸӢ۵ĳ֮ɫ
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⼸Χ˻ǵ̨磬λӢۡ
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ͬǵ˵Ӣۿ϶ΪִҪ
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ҲǶ޷ʵݵһСС
㣬ҲͦյҪܼ޸Ӣﻹڼί汻˿𡣡
С˵ֱѲеΡ
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ٿվվȡͷŷﵽµϹ΢΢̾һ
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ͻȻ˵һһҶܾĻɣѡ
ղò˵װ˵ļƻʧܣһƲߡ
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˵һ飿ѲţϹȻҺ顣
ǰɶҪ飬һӵġ
Ϊ֪ԼĻҲҪʱʧȥоԴ԰ı£ܴܻͷ
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ѱôһʣȴû˵
ڻԶôǴģĹض֪̫£ҲϼջȨѵĻǶģ飬Ǵ˼ҵ




1299¡ļƲ
 

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鰬ȢѣΪŮһŰ
ҿڻԶһûʲôλŮһ鶼
ǵϼָΪ飬Ҹܺ飡ҺͰҶͷļ壬Ϊάϣλϼͬġ
ѵ¶һɱҲΪʲô԰Ϲ
ѵ׼ҳһӣ밬Ľɫ˵оʮֱŤ
ɫ˵Ȼܣ㲻Ҫ̫̺Ͱϼ˵ˣֻҪҵĸʲܴﵽʮڣҳ˼ҾͬҺ飡
ڼˣʵ
ھ͡һǧ򡣡ѱʵе㲻˼ɲڷϹǰʾ͵ص̧߰ͷ­ٸʮ꣬ʮ꣬Ҿܰʲʮڣ
ʮ̫ˣɣøֻңҾתʮڸ㡣仰˵÷ǳ档
Ȼװײܸʮڣֻ취õֻ
⻰Ц
˵軰ˣҷҲﲻңҾˣ˵ţԹ߽
˰ĸСһۣȻ̬ʮȻĸѵҡ
СûóҲ߽ԼķϢ
Һ󣬳Ҫʵ̫ˣĴ˯һ
̾ͱһţ˯ϣ
ǲǷ𣿡οЦ
˭Ƿޣ꣬㶼˯̣Ҳһ£ҲʵĻҾ˯ɳ
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˵仰ѴЬ߹ȥ򿪷ţָָɳ
Ͳóȥ˯أл͵ȥ
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ʱᣬֻܱͷ߹ȥСķ䡣
Сͬ˯Ͳ͵͵ֻˡ
ϾСߣһֵĻɲǴô򵥡
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һҹ޻
ڶϣǱСҡѵġ
Ϊƣ۵˼㣬˯
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Сųĥĥվ
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ȻС񿴰׳һƳ˳һۣ㶮ƨ
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㻹ƭСȥɡСȻҽңǸͷβķôܵõҵҽ䴫С
žԷľ񣬼Ȱ˵ûƭ㣬ҾͿдҩӸ㿴
仰СŽɡ
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1300¡ʼ
 

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ҩûκٳɷ֣дҩ֮ȷʵǿЧ
С߹һüôϹдŪҵǲǣ
⻹󰡣дҩļٿ顣ǿǵС㻨Ǯܲ࣬дһƽҩġ
û뵽СȻӹ
⻹Ǯ˼ҵү
ȻڻԶڼĵλզΣѵĸʲô˵иһǧ
ٿҩеˡ
ҽֻһٿˣҾٿ飬ҲϹдҩҩģ
С˵仰ߵյԹԵ䡣
ǰüٿǮûʲôͻȻٿǺôһʾ޿
Ϊ޷ģ
أ۵ÿɳϢ
ͬʱ˼ϵ취Լơ
൱һͽС䣬˵ʵھ޴ࡣ
СȽ٣һͷ࣬а취ܰСĹơ
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СڼţҰŸְλɡ֪ʲôġ
Ǹ³ƺΪܣӦþӪһҹ˾
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Сתͷ˳һӵ񣺡ʲô¶ûУȥǸҶ𣿡
Ҷҽôҽҳġļơ
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Сȫûעߣѹ̯˵ãʵҲǰƶʡϼŵϯҽʦֻҪֻҴ绰Һϼܲϵ֮Ҿתʮ򡢲һл
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ܿ¶ЦãʵҲģҵʵʼʣڳ100ڶֻƽҪ2000ⶳҳĻƽԸ2000飬ʱҷһֻƽΪл
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ۿСҪˣһţͻȻеλϼųʲôŮλԸһ£ұس꣡
˵Ĵ踾Ů̯ǣסһ룬ȻԹԵԼ顣
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ⶪв㿴˭㣿С߹˸ۡ
еʧ֮ɫʧһ̱
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Сгȥһ̯λгͻȻ߽С졣
⼸죬˵˷׷ױãΨֱ֮
Щ죬ǳųСġ
һŰ׻۵Ļ쾶ֱߵǰЦЦ˵٣˰Ǯֵˣ




1301¡̸Ǯ
 

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Сĸһ´ʮ̫ˣ
ҿɲﰬǮСԼ书ҲЩ졣
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ۿǵȭż֮£Сֻܳмܡ
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Ϊ£Ҳһߣ
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ģŰɵͳֻ
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СܹڵϣԲٴˣ־ŭͳһСڳϣԼ˵󣬶СݺݵĽеӹ£




1302¡
 

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ߣһ䣬СŻعװ˵ĴӺͳһƿȥ
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һȷ㿴Ǹ˵㣬ǲϹèӣΪǷҲòͻܣôңӦҰŶԡСȻе㶣ȴԲɵ
飬ǳġ
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1303¡İ취
 

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1304¡ָ
 

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1305¡׬Ǯ
 

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1306¡̫̫
 

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ϣģΣԺԲƣӤܵʲôӰ졣Ϊ˱סԼĹ˽ҽǾ
ȷu΢ŭ˽ҽ
˽ҽҴʮ꣬Ǻֵεġ
˽ҽ֣صĵͷװûĿⰵʾ
uҲ÷ˣֻĵͲصҲŪˣҲƽϡ
û˵ԹԵ
ΪܺuҪڿˣȻ١
ˣϯˣҶȥu˵ţӤţȻվ
ҴĲһҺͳȻֻڽλã̫̫ԶĻᶼûС
һУһӶΪǳɵģͷС
ԶΪƾܵõ̫̫ĻģԼϵڿȴˮһա
ԶԷʱƲ֡
Բ£ųʧ˵Ҿ֪㡣




1309¡
 

ЩһЦˡ
·ûǮ;ԼԿ
ӤģһҶò
ӽûʲô
˳úѽʲô
ϯϣҪôڸ̫̫ģҪô໥ʱȴꡣ
ر졢ЩˣϲᵽԼƹܵĲҵӯ٣Ȼ󻹺°Ҫ
uʮοˣͷС죬СǼٹʮʮ꣬ұضܹеһš
̫̫ô˵ѿų͸ʧˡ
Ϊ׸ǼңҲҵһȴһͷβķ
˵졢Щˣĺȡ
Ĺ˾پΣϹһ㶼ҲͰˣھȻЦó
ԽԽ
ʵϳ¶Ц⣬Ц˲еĶ壬ȴԼÿˡ
ڳȫʲʮڶûС
Ϊ̸ʲôӯһҲͼһǧ򣬶ѵĹ˾Ǹӯġ
Լпʮڣӵȫֱ˾
ϼŵʲǳڣֻҪһ䣬Ϳ㶯Щʲ
ң濴ϡ
ЦʲôͻȻĶԳʡ
λүһֱܿҽ찬ֵ̫̫ˣֵʮﱻ̫̫ӣȻܲˬ
һʣ˶߿
ԶͷȥŮһ
ҲɫӲĲ֪˶ٱ顣
ЦʸֳЦ
˶óǹĻȣԴһ˿м
һʣʵú
̸ܸۣ֮ѵЦ𣿡һҲӡ
ǰǺ˺ν
ӷл뿪С
uɫһŭҵǲǣ
̣һ˼ƽʲô˵ΪͿԿˣ˵Ѿûˣ嶼㲻ϣΪԼǸİү
ʲô㰬ûû䣬Ҳһǲļ塣վȻ
ʸ塢ĽϳңҪ׳Ƴ
Щ߳еС壬ôܹ˳ۣ
ֱⷬǴ治
u촽΢΢ֻ˵óڣ㡢ҳȥԺҴ
˵Ⱦߡ
uֿһӣǶ˳ˡ
Զ֪϶ᱻԷֻ̣ܽŮС̫̫ǡ
Ǹϯ̫̫ü˾һѣԴ˶ɹѹء
ȫԼķϹٵˡ
߳Ķ̴
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ѵĶӣϲѵķϹ
Ȼûó¡
ۿҪ߳ſڣĶԽԽףuȵվס
תвһ˿ʵҪҵжġ
u˵΢΢һϣղŻΪѵⰬָ˼Ҫȷʵеûˡ
ȻӤ޾ǸйأuҪ
£ҿԴӦһҪ󣬻ҪǮҸ򡣡
ر谮ӣuɲŭ˵
һЦҵɱʮ飬ۼڣȷҪ򣿡
㲻Ҫ̫֣ҵŮҪ㶼УuŭڻǱˡ
Ȼ˿Ϊת߳š
Ȼܿ͸ͫǿóĶӿ϶ĳֲֹֻܰӤ
ɲĸu˵֮ӤĲԹڵġ
صһסС󣬳սţʮߵĽеΪʲôһ޸ˣǼҵȫϣٵˣ
Ǿ鰡һνӡ
˲Ǻ죺Ǽһ˾飿Ҹ㣬ûôףҪۼ֤׬ʮڣȻҾȥ󰬼үӺǼ̫̫㾻
Ǿ͸Ͻ׬ɡͶ䣬е㲻ͷ
׬ʮڣȬصƶʡˡ
ţֻҪһ£һ¾׬ʮڸ㿴ѵһ;Ȼ˵껰óֻʼ绰
ֻĻʾģжμҴη׵֡
ԭѺηףΪ˺Ͱ飬ԸԼηס
ųηϵִ֮һ˵ĺ롣
ǳ˴ա
ͨ绰˵˺ֱܶ׵ĻóĿЦá
Ҳ֪Ǹ֪֪Լ̵ͷһƬԭ




1310¡в
 

Ҷٸ˸Ůñӣ˵ʲô
һ׬ʮڣ˻
ûлָҲԺˡ
⸱ν̬ȣǿҧһҲӼᶨľġ
øñӣĻһЩܸ߳еģȫȻʧˡ
ѣ͸Զʾ֧֡
֮ǰͺܺڣûŮ޸η׻ߴա
ѻηԻδģʱʱѻֻǶѾܾ
ڴգȻѽûб⣬֮ǰҲչ׷Զ򸾶ǿġ
Ůϵж٣Զֿ˻
û£ҲǺģοǵŮǰҷϡ
Сýеˡ
ôãҲܵ˼Ұ
Ҫȵ󣬲ܺ˽
ȻСҲҶ˵ʲôֻһеͬ
º󣬳ѻԶ򸾵Ĺϵ˱㡣
ûʲô˵ˡ
ãԺרˣøһӹϻ
ڶ죬Ѻĸճȥ˾
Сȥһݡ
СȥģΪȥҲѧʲôˡ
СȽϿʦֵܸ飬ȻԺȥˣҲҪȥ𣬸ʦ˵һ
ֻøСٴݡ
Сʦ˵ԺʦЩ
ָһ£ԺͲˣⲻǿʦ
Ȼʦ֪СԸȽ㶣ǲô顣
Сһʦֵܵ󣬳Ҫһ뿪
ʱſ߽ӣһʮ꣬һΪ곤
Ǹϵãǰõܰ
ֻһϼЦø磬һ绰Сá
ʲô£еʵ
ߣڿҲкˣڣǰĸװɣ˵㿴ȭеķ㣬ȫз˵
찬صңûеһʱ䱨үӣȥԼĸס
ӵĻΪͱֱӱүӷòʲôõĽ͡
˽찬Űҳˡ
֪ȭȫз΢΢죬Ȼ΢Ц԰ֻҪóȼֵĶ
ɫ˲
ȭзε󣬰ǳ
֪зһѧ帲
ҪóȼֵĶȻǲܽȥġ
ǰӵܣȭзҪּۻۣǴүӵָģ첻Լ
仰в
óǰߣһ£ҲҪֲˡ
ҲˣһЦǾү̸ɣǸҶһ£ʱѧ綼֪ȭС
㣡ŭӳгܺãĶӳϢˣвˣβ㣬үڣӶ죡
˵֮󣬰һߣ˭ҪǸҺͰȭУǰΪУߣ
ͷڰﳤȥ
֮ǰߣľ棬˼̵˼
ɲ뱻ϵ·ߵһǰ΢ЦʱܸѧշѼ۸񹫵һٿ飬ӭλѱ
һʱЩĶֻǲ֪ǲ˵󻰡
ݲӭ㣬ߣʦֱӸˡ
Ҳ⣬С뿪ݡ
СͻȻ̾˿ºлٰһڲΪݵѧԱμˡ
Լܱ𣿡һ䡣
СеûĵǿԣǱʱҪȥѧԱü֣ҵʵ½˾
ֻҪûаұùھһʤȯյ顣
׬ǮСôúСĹϵһС㶾׬Ǯ˵߸ĸ˼ƻҪжˡ
СĻǰһܰҶڣ
֪ΪʲôСýеأͻȻѧʮ͸
˵ܰڡ
ڴ˴жڣӳ̶ȣһȫµĸ߶ȣ




1311¡
 

˵һٻͰ׬ǮȫϽŵЦ
ʵ˵ܰС仰ǰ١
ҪΪԼܸ뿪С
ΪǰºУʱС϶Ҫ̨䣬лߡ
һǣӦûһЩѧ֤лߣЩߺܿܰѳϳ
ĻҲ˰ݡ
ԳС䣬ʵȴԼҳָݵķ
СǰŰĻô˵Ǯϣƭȷʵ԰ЩǮȫϽ
˵ҾͷˡСǳڴĵ
ʱ䣬ѼָС䡣
˳㻹СеĶЩѧ
С˵󣬳ۿЩ߳Уֻ迴һСҵƵͿҳз
һʱ䣬ͽѧȫѧƵһɶ
һʱ䣬ƻָȼͣͲǰ
Ϊÿֻ򼸰ٿҩģͼ۵ҩĶ˵𵽵Ч΢΢
ֻѡһƷ
ǾֹͣҩС׬Ǯʮ죬飬ʱͿԹЧõҩġ
ĻаһԼָһʵ
ԭȼƻһ»ָһʵķѵʱֻͬҩķʽ˶ѡ
СðǮе㲻ס
ӽľָѧͻͽǴӦ˳ҰǮ顣
СõļѧԱÿ춼ͳ̣óܹÿ׬ٿ顣
һߣѵҵʼˡ
ԴӺη׺ʹϵ֮ѵĹ˾Σʲϱ̫̫ע⡣
˰飬uֻһֻ۱һֻۡ
ӦѣֻҪѸʲﵽʮڣͿԺͰ飬ǴӴ롣
Ѱ첻ǾŮȫ档
׬ʮڣǾڵ˭˵Ǯ׬ġ
ʱѺͰ飬Ҳû˸˵ģһ˵úá
ⰬүƺҲûʲô
Ϊ⼸ƵƵηסЯֳҵϣֹܣ³ȥ˵ʱָָܵ㡣
ÿ˶ͬ߳Ū
˵ų˵Ѵñӣһ
˵˰飬Ѿ˾֪
Ȼǰÿγȥ˵Щˬ
ֻϣʱÿһ㣬һܺʼܽⳡ־硣
ֻóû뵽ǣһ֮С׼ȥֳԶҲҪȥ
ΪԶڼûʲôλ뱲Ӷûʵ飬Сѧ츳Ψһеӵ¡
Ȼҵʼˣϸ˵ʵ̫ʡ
Զ򸾲Ŷȥֳ档
ݡݡ
С˵ݵĹͨڼȭǻĸ֡
û˵ֳֻܵٿ
˵ط֮һݴţͿĶߣһǧˡ
αΪ̭һĩڶĩ̭ھ
һЩ̫ʦϵߣ󲿷ֶǰǻˮƽߣǰû
ʦֻ΢죬ȻûӦˡ
׸ҽңλʦô񣬿ϧȴһࡣһʦҡҡͷ
ȥԽʡʯʦ֮սԶԶļһ档
ʦⰬɫ԰ףŲ鸡ɿ壬ʹ˵еĳʦȣɲԶˣһʦ
Ҳǣ˵ˣǳʦȴŮƣ涼ȡʦǺһЦ
ǲ֪ô찬
ʦ㻹֪ҳ˸ĺӣССĽ򣬽ӦСġ
ԭˡʦ΢΢Ȼ˾СɣҿҲξ棬˴αǽȥ̭ʦӹһ˿м
ʦͷṷָ̂׶γͷһǲܵġ
λϵʦȫʾͬ
ʱʦһ׳˵ͷɫȴеĿڵʦ˵Сǰѧÿڼָء




1312¡
 

Ŷ˻֮£ʦ΢΢졣
һѧϲָ㣬ٺöҪˡ
ʦ̾Ǻ˲ǳ
ǰҺҵ£ԼȥɡʦȻҲееϧɲΪСͷ
˵֮󣬶˶ʼҪúù۲ѡֹУ֪֪ˣս
ãʦǷʦĵӣȫʵ۷壬ǱαĶڴš
ѡ֣Ҫμӳֱӽĩ̭
С˸վţȴʼ
ʱżݵѧԱ˹
С˵ÿøָ㣬Աαаһ˵
ϴΪָ㣬Са̵ֱû˳
Ҳ۷壬ǱαĹھţΪС̵ܶ˶۷ˮֺܴ
˵ʦĸͽˡ
ϹȥڱʼʱСеǣС°ܽ
˵ߵĿ⡣
СȻܰҹѧϲİָ㣬Ƿ׷Ц
԰ļΧĳЦŶұ֤Сܶô˴ιھû¿Թˡ
˵ʲô˲ըȭҪ
Сڳǰ
СȻǰѿܳȴ˳ıڡ
ڳ¶Źȡʸ񣡡ϵĲʦ
㬵ȭͷ˳һۣ߻ѧԱλá
ðôһ֣ڳ߶֪СǷָ㡣
˭ҲСɶˡ
Զ޹⣬û뵽СӵϣŮǶ
СôôͿҲǣԶǾ죬
¶ӱ̻ˡ
֡裬ָʵͦõģСʵͽĻش
Զ̾һ
Ҷ汻̻ˣΨʣ
ԶһŭӣӦĻ˵
Ҫðﰬ
ʼˡ
ֵСϳһдһ֡
šСɻǴɵĲߣûһСֵ߹еġ
ľ̾˿Ŀɿڴ
ķʦʦǶ̲סɴ۾
ΪСжˮɴ䣬ʵ̫Ưˣ
ЩУȻСķ̳ģ
𾪲Ŀ
Զ
ȻӸе𺳵ͬʱͶˡ
ֻϣ̨Уȴû뵽С̨ϴʣ
˶е㲻֪ԼŮ
ԶζģɶԳ˵лĻ
ȻҲҪǵϿɡ
һܵıһľ̾нˡ
ڶ죬жڷ贫ǸүͻȻˣ򵽸ѧС
Ҳ˾ôŹڿţϾСֻǴܺԼʵĶ֡
ȫĹ͡
ڱֳʱûлҲû߰ϳֻвƵ飬ͨѧ紫ȥ
ԽעԽá
Ȼһмڴ黪ѧ硣
˰үӺ̫̫Ĺע
˵׼̭ʱǰȥݹԶϲ
Ǽܵˣ
ŮͶһͻȻúܳϢԶÿ˵˯ž
ȻСͷأǿɲΪŮĹ͡
ܿ쵽˵ڶĩ
Сһٴǰݡ
һҲˣǺηһġ
ǵһμλμҴ٣ηһͶһƺϷʵ
ѱη§֫Գɫ̹ȻûκС
ǿֱҵòٲҡ
ҲˣŻ»ǰ
κһ΢еѪˣ˿̶ȥηƴ
ȴһںӣֱҵ˼㡣
η׻ߵǰԶ򸾴кȻСһ䡣
СеΣûлӦһֱýǲԵġ
ѾиĹµļˣΪʲô㻹Ҫأ
η׹кֿ˳һۣ§ѵһȥˣ˵Цˡ
ǱߵİһĻ̲סЦø簡ø磬һҹܿƸѧôվǷֻʵʵţ
Χߣð⻰˵úе
λ׸С̵ԼȴˣһӲ䡣
˶ó˵ˣṳ̂ߣԼһȭ̵
ٹһڣҵǮʹ湻ˡʼնƽ͵̬һ죬ܿͻᵽ




1313¡
 

ûʼֽˡ
׷ԲԵˡ
үӺ̫̫ˣ
ӦöСģСӸ˰
үôѵΪָС϶ı俴ˣ
һƬУүӰ̺̫̫uĴӵ£ߵСǰ
С˵̭жڵϣǳϢ˰uһ䣬ȴǿҲû
˵ָСǲαСʼǸ
һѧζʲôuǰŶѧ˽⣬ԽԽСˡ
СδΪѧͷҵĵλҲˮǴߡ
uĳޣԶ֪̫̫ٹ¾Ƶ顣
ŰҲ佱Сһ䣬Ȼ
˶֪Ф˵Щʲô
˵ѧܹүүеοǳһ䣬漴ԼأôзΪβүү˵ôǰˣүүүүԲƽǰ㷸Щ󣬵˽ͲˣС꣬ʵʵİнɡ
ʵ̲תˣϾЩУֻã̿ɲ˾ͰѰѧš
ð˵мɣҲֻФｫѡ
Ҫ³谮ǲܵġ
ǲʲôԼмɣǰʲôϵ⸱̬ȸ˵
ϣûѰӡ
ͰһѪԵϵûУȻҪһӡ
һںָܻһʵԲһֱȥˡ
ʵʱʱǶԵģСɰҲ˽һ¡
ȻǷֻҪ̣ѼҪ̣ȥ˶Ҫ̣Ѿޡ
үһ־ͱˣ˵мɣҲˣ
һ߳еĶ壬ǰʸ˵
ųķʣͬǰİҡҳ׷ŭ
ʦǺǣҲǷ·Цһ㡣
Ҷ֪ǰΪ԰үӺ̫̫ʱ֪¡
޷죬Լļ峤ˣ
㻹һүүʧĮҡҡͷԸ˵мɣүү취䣬ǼҽѧпܣǻᱻԼԻٵˡ
ǺǡȻһЦǰҳɾʦҶϡ
㡢ӣ˲Ѫѹߡ
ФǰðҿЦ
ôߵ棬ȻѧߴʦʾмҪЦ
ֳһЦʦʦЩֶЦˡ
uŰ˵мɣԭģѾͷ
ǼŲҡ̺uĶͬ뷨
ʱηִ߹
ϣϣǺáη׺òĴкλӡ
Һֻеڶεļ壬ڶˡ
һжĴٶ𾴣̺uеܳæͷӦ
ǰڼ棬ѺͰ飬ҵϣ϶Ͳ顣
ѻڳ춼ˡ
ֻҪҺμô˭˵ǵл
һĻ氬е衣
Ǵͷ̵ˣ峤֧
ϣϣʵҾνмҲûʲô˲ģѧ絤ʦ˵СƣμҾʶһλʦֻҪλʦĻͨߵơ
η٩٩̸˵껹ʾĿ˳һۡ
ȻûнύʦǼܺһλʦãѾˡ
ҷ׸ȻʦϣֱЦ
ǰһʶμλʦѵĻҪʰмɡ
˼ҵʦָһ£ðǳ
ʦֻλǸʲϣǵʦлύġ
뵽̳׷
ô˻η׽á
uǸϲΪٹãŮܸļ޸ηף
ʱҪȰҶöࡣ
ֻҪ׬ʮڣͰ飬û˸˵һ
һдС̣һĺη̸Ѻĸ߼ˣʱʱͼ䡣
ٿֶĵĳ棬Ŀŵ̨ϡ
ʦһ£̭ʽʼ




1314¡ʦͽ
 

̭ܹ64ѡֲμӣҪȡαھҪ6ֱ
ѡֽ̭Ѿˣܶ־ΪԼ⡣
Ϊ̭׶Σѡֶеٮٮߣûаˮ֡
ڻʦĸͽԼҵСš
۷弶Ҳкü
ǿرѡ
ʱƴĲѡԼʵս飬Ҫʦָ㡣
һλʦѡֶԵʱܻøơ
ܴҶָСİǸϾСָ֮ʵͻͽѾǱαĵһš
ѹ
ʦ̭ǩֻھСʵǰС
ΪΪһСɵߣûʸ
˵ƣֻûһλʦָ㡣
Լͬӵһλʦ
ʦͽλеķޱĽ̸Լĵӡ
СУ󲿷߶ʱͨԲŻѸܡ
Ҳߵʵơ
ӵһλʦǳҪ
αݷǳҪùھҪ佾꣬ǲǾֻСͨ־УǸ۽ޣҲָֻСһЩʵս鲻Ķ֣ѡȫͬʦ仰ѣҲǹ
ͦصʦҲῴ֣ҲһֱԼһеǿ
ʦԼĵţĵ˵ͷ
˶Իʱ̨Ѿʤˡ
ʦ֮ȥ
ȤĹ۲ͶֵĹС
۷壬лʦָ㣬ǻ˫ȭ˵Сα֡
˫ȭҲѧбȽرѧֻƵԿȫ仯
ҪСڣҪۿһμвеġ
ܿ죬Ļ̨֣ܶȥ
СҲһֵĽ
˰ǿС˰õܰ
Сʽҿɲϴд棡˫۸һŻ档
Ҫһ԰֮ǰȫһ
ⳡҲĿǰΪֹ˹עһ
һСһ۷Ķ֡
ֻСݡ
㣬Ҳǹһ㣬Ǿ˵ǰһд裬Сдܣʽ֣Ǵű󣬻ǰʵˮִϾܿ
ȻҲв
ΪСܹ֮ͻͽǿͻȻϵ׸ָ㡣
СûлӦĻȲʦһ£ˣ̳С
ػһʽϴΰܸС󣬸ʦҪλУʮ㣡
Ȼͽȭȫƽ̸ⷽСһ֣С֪У
ҳֶֺֿݣöӦ
Сӳ̭ʵսԽԽ㣬̵õԽԽ
һ֣СͿȭһУ̤ǰһȭܿȭơ
һ̫죬ʽûλͱСƵ
д֮£̴ڶУ͹Сš
ôѹС
ȻԤϵճĽ̵СչܹȭУһеλãһȭڰϣ
Уͱ
ȫȻ֮
дһ۷Ķ֣ǰ߶԰쵽
ʦһ⣬Ķס
׸ѧļȴǲСﰡ
ʦԼû뵽з
Աߵķʦ̾ǰ񫣬ҪΪǳʦװˡ
ȻѧɣʦȻǲԶ¶ӣС֣ʦ̵ĴСʦƶ
ʦҾû¹
ʼնһŵɫ
ڴľҪʼˡ
ѡ֣С
˻౧ȭȻ˵ֱӿ
õǻ˫ȭСõҲǻ˫ȭ
Сڳȭܣʦλϱ
ܣҵĻ˫ȭѧѾôСû˫ȭͰУ
ʦСڰŪ
ʵûС˫ȭֻϰ˫ȭаˡ
СʽȻʦѧһͻУ
ߣȻҺͬȭСȡ裡һ䣬ȭѵ
Сճʱ̱У˫ֻȭΪצץȥ




1315¡
 

Ȼʦ˵ƺԤϵСУʽһ䣬һп߶
û뵽ǣСȻҲԤϵһУǰܿ˸ա
ҿСŵı飬ܸܿղŵһֻУ
⣡һ߿գ֪ˡ
УͱС
̨µʦĴȣͽô˼ꣿ
ۿСҪһȭֱϾʦ֮ͽٳӦ伫죬һ˫ס̡
һǲУ΢΢죬漴ǹһЦ⡣
Ȼúܺãǲлڳļ֮ڡ
С˿رĽ̫λˣϵĻܳɾʦ
뷨һţС˫һ𹭲ȭ繴λнŲׯܻ
Сֲʮʱ䣬СʹУ˵Уѡһסˣ
СдڵأģʮǱ
˾ʵļвУȻʱ伫̣ǿֳ׶
ʦʦվ֮ɫ
УУСͻ˱αǿĶ֣
ֳǶóССİ
Ȼڰ̡uηסЩ⺺ָҲϳС
СүԼ
ϲСеʮһھ
һƬУС𽱱˵ףء
u˿̺޲ðСġ
η׺Ҳ߹ףء
עȫСϣ뿪ݣʱСȴס
лл㣡û㣬ҲܶڣС˷ָܶмĽе
ĿЦòת
֪Сǹģֻлͻĺˡ
ȻҲһʱֻҪһھС
СıھԼģлĵ
ʵĶԼϹθеģԽΣԽѰһĲֵ˲Żпԭ
㣬ǽָҡ
Сδ˵꣬η״ϣСһָٶñھҿԽʶμҵλʦѣʱݵʦΪʦѧĶһָܱȵģ
СĬȻΪȻ䣬ǶѧԲȵʦ
ڶСףغУԲʦʦȻ߲û˹ȥͳύ
ǣֳ߶óλ׸Ѱҡҡμҵ˸顣
»ˡ
ѧ͸ʲôá
ܰĸһһȥ
һܣ֮ǰѧļߣڳС˵ʱ
ѿ飬Ǯƻǳ˳
ϣȲСȥҩģΪĩѺԶ򸾿ڼңóȥ
ҩСɫеԥ
óĿһ£ѵС뷴ڣ׬Ǯ˻Ͻ
С㲻ӽɣƣһǰûʲô
СҩĻһ취ûС
ֻһµദΪСԶŵˣҺܶøж
տʼСף̬ȴһٰʮȵĴת䡣
ѵĻϽֻ֮⡣
Сƺĳ־ģϵԥ֮ɫʧѾĹ£ôǮܹƷҩģҾѽ̽ҵǮóҩ
ģĿ¶ϲ
һȷʵ򲻵ϺõҩģǶȫһ
ճļƻһҩģ书Чʱָһʵ
Ļһ֮ھָܻһɡ
С飬Գ˵֮ϲ
ǳСҩģ̻ȥҩ
żСʱһӣڰһŨŨҩ
ȥ֮˶ˬ
ֻҪȴһ죬ҩЧӾˡ
ôôˣѵҩȥ峹׻ָ𣿡Сʵ
΢΢һЦҩȥҾͲˡ
СһԻΪʲôͻȻ򿪣һƯŮ߽ѡ
׬ʮˣɣڡ̣һ緢Ŀڡ
ɫƤñһǰˮ󡢸⻬
˶һɷӡ
˵껹ֻи
Ȼʮڵĸ˴
Ǯôģһ׬ʮڡ
ɫƽ˵ɣھȥ֡
ԣһ졣
ΪϹҪ飬ͿԳһ
û뵽˸ɴĴӦ
˵ˣ飬뾻ΪȶԲң




1316¡
 

ѣΪһϡʮʲ𣿡ɵһЦ
治֪ĵ˵ֻ
ѾһϹı˺ܶ࣬÷ǳǳİǰ컬࣬ΪƭǮҩκǰװӡ
֪ʮʲôҽʮ׬ʮڣŵȫģ˲ĳɾͣ
أ֮󣬰Ҳȥ㲻ͻ¶޽ͷؤ
㣬ĸͷ桢ǰȫһˣܸܲһ
С飬̴ϵܵܵĻ᣿ѵҸĻỹС㻹̫ˣָһ¾˵ǰ;ѧţӦָٶ࣬ԼʼǸѧϲģúɽʩ䣬ʶ׵ĵʦѣ
ⷬ˵С޷
ȷʵ״ѾƷ׷ϵˡ
˼Ǯҩĵ壬ֻԻָԶ䡣
ôɵĽ뿪Ǽ֮󣬻ʲô·ߣ
С˵䣬ɫƽĿڵС˵ˣѣھȥ
һ߳ȥ
߳ſڣС
Ҹȥ
Се㲻ó뿪ˡ
ΪĸоԼĽȫ˸ˡ
¥֮󣬳ѵݣһǰֵ38ıX2˼ֵ÷
ʲôⱲֺĻᣬֻнһˡ뵽ҪϹ³ģ
ǰ㰬ڰҵүҲôõĳ
ʱһҪ򰬼ʾá
ȫתˡ
뵽ԼҲܰҲuĻ踺أȫ棬;ʮֽ
Сݡϳ档
ںϣӿСַȥ
Ŵĳоɫϱã糱
ڿ뿪У˼Ѿõˡ˺ˡ
ֻ뿪֮ǰôҲΪԼ֤һʲô
ֵ︡źâܿƽ˼һ߸ҩɢһѺС
㣬ɽʩ䣬Ҳʸμ𣿡СղŵĻʵ
ɽеһɽһǻķ̰Сɽ֮ףԳһֱʢԶ
˵ɽǷʥдĵÿ궼ͽɽʥ
ɽʩ䣬һһȵʢ¡
һ죬еĶ嶼ɽ׹£·⣬ӻ˳
Ȼÿһ壬зԵ
ͨڷĴˣҲɽµּʦʩ¡
ʱҪ˭ͣüʦмˡ
ÿ䣬嶼Ϊյһһ껹Ū
ĵһ㣬кܶΪμҺʹ֮
η£Ըռơ
Сҽ굱Ȼϣμӡ£ѲϲɫͰܿͺη׽ˣʱμҺҾ׼ң˵ûʸμӴ䣿
ǣǸηĶõôоֻϲСٴչֱڿһ档
һЦϣĸ˲ŮȻүһƤңҾҪҵòļֵηϲҵ棬ҲĶҺõģμʲܹʮڣηھͰʮʲתҵ£Ϊʲôѡη׶ǴգСסˣжһ˰ŮˣͿ᲻ΪŮ˻Ǯĳ˵ΪһǮˣƲ
С̵֪ĳ˾Ľ
ȻܿҪǰˡ
Ȼ˵ֱ׳СǾýⷬĳЩطԡ
ֻ֪ͽ飬ô˵ûá
У÷Ҳη׸ģؼĳһӶôõĳ̲סּһ䡣
Ϊ֪˽죬ͺܿܲټˡ
Ц΢΢ҡͷ
˵ĺǧڵĳ
캣УǼֵһǧ˰ĺڰʿƶʡᣬǽ컪͵ıŷ½GTֵ߰˰
ڸǼö䨳˴һֵĸڵ綥ᰮˡ
˳ôῴ÷




1317¡סҵ
 

ҡʲôͷͨӾ̬ʱˡ
ǵðǰҲʮıۣΪھȻһ÷ӡ
ٴҡͷЦѣ۽绹̫ǳˡ
ңĵʲôʸ񿴲ңһ̣ĻԹڳױ
СȰ˲Ҫܣ˪ӣʱҿڡ
ҵĵָЦӴţΪҴʼգͲϹַҲûʸҳð
˲Ȼ
˳Ļ뵽ϹǲǾˣ
˵仰ȻٿӾ
ʹľɫ
ʮֵڵˡ
߽֣Ĵǰ档
Ҫ飿Աһ΢긾Ů˷۾̽ͷʵ
žһ֤ڹ̨ϣȻӽ쿪ʼѺͰǷޡ
긾Ůһˣԭ̨ǰ꣬˾֪ķ׸
Է飬һ㶼ϡ档
긾Ůǰչʵ𣿹ɱڡ
ڣһڣЦЦܳ졣
ֻҪͰ飬ٺη׽飬ҴӽԺж塣
еһŮǿˣȸˣʲôúڵģ
긾Ů̲סһ䣺еȻʲôöŮĳ컹ֱ׳£°ܻ
֤û긾Ůܿ
ʮִ߳š
Сں棬̲ס̾˿
ǲڣоý뿪ңһܴĴ
߳󣬿һ·ηףվȴѡ
Ҳڳǰκαӣܹȥηӵǡ
ԺҪȥûǮСߵǰܲʵ˵껹ǮȡһƱ
΢΢һЦС˲ָ㣬͸һԵԺлᣬҲǻټ档
˵Ļ̫СԽԽоǰ꣬ǰǸԺζĶ˽
ҽˣסҽг
һ䣬ߵſڵһԣһȭ
˺ϱĴִɱȻһǼҶ׷ɡ
Сŵĵɴ۾
ɲΪԼһȭܴЧ
һȭаˮ׼
Ϧദ꣬ѵ治򣬶Ϊһˣ

СԽתˡ
һߣη׺ڽǣ˿Ļ档
ΪԼǰѹǵرá
һӺźη׵촽룬ȻС
СǸ˴һˣ߰ɡ
ǡ
СرԳʸ
ѲŸ߸Ь첽߹ϳȻη׿
СֻܰһƱ÷󣬴򿪳̽ͷԳָ
أԥҪҪ߽㡣
η׿ۺӾӰԶȥʱ۵ͻȻӹһĨ֮ɫ
ףôˣѴûη¶ɫ
ָое㺦¡
ηָ̻糣Цûʲôǻȥ׼ɽʩɣСҴʶһλʦԽӡʦ
Ŀ뿪ɫûκα仯ǰ֤Լݡ
ڳߵĽֵ׼Ҹ绰ͤ绰ʱһٶȼĿǰŴ򿪣󺺾Ҫȥ
ȻѾָȻʮСʱָܻһɣڵѾ㹻Ըµˡ
󺺶ͨˣȫץסֱۣˤ
ףһ׳ɫʮ졣
׳ףڴϿμұ¡
һŻɫˣ̫Ѩ߸߹Բӹ֡
һ²ôôͨζˣ¾ʵ
ܰ³־ͨ˿ˡ
ȻǰᰬǸҵֽ
¶ʱеˡ
ŰͻȻǰȷʵܿܲǰ
Ƶˣ
ʣɫ˰ڰֵ£СӺʦܳССУСŪǺûȥٱϲ
ǣʦĿ¶׹⣬ȭ




1318¡ҵ
 

ƴһȭֱš
ȻȴһֻɵĽס
±һȭΣȻϳҸû˵ĵط
ȫ벻ԼһȭȻ׽ס
⻹һǰǸҩ̫ˡķϹ
µʦɫҲ΢΢һ
֪ҽңǸϲģܽסͽܵһȭ
֮£ȭС
ȭδסȭֻһһᣬȻ߳һţߵܲסĽڵϡ
һţ¾ͱߵɫ԰ףȻ³һѪŵΧ˷׷ƵС
µʦüͷ
ǰˣ赭дͰĵӸˣѵܺһǻˮƽɣ
ʵϳڵлˮƽ
ҩգÿÿ붼ڻָ
ҩڼ䣬ʵǳɻͱ˶䣬һƣҲȲѳ֡
Ĭķʮ๦ŴﵽСˮƽ㵽ڶ̶ʱڣѧ̤뻯ģ
µʦĬֱڻûѳϳ
Ϊ֪ʦֹǻˮƽҲܴƶʡܵС
ͻȻѧ֣ôֻ͡
һǰ̶꣬ʵһֱ͵͵䡣
̾ͱĬųΪûκ塣
ڶֿܾǣظָ㣬һҹѧﲢû漣֡
ûκνͣתߡ
ڵĬֻռϷ磬ҩһСʱĬȫĶˡ
ߣΪ̤뻯ͿĿˣ£ĬһֻĴץļ
ȻͻƻϾʱ̫̣ս鲻㣬ϽĶ֡
η׵ίУͽȻʧܶ顣
üһתһƣĬ
ڲǲˣ
Ĭ磬ٶ۽ȭռȻ
ȴǷӦ죬ȭƲãĬȫ⡣
˾ڴϴ֣·˿Ѹ͵ĹУȫԶԶıܿ
ЩȰܵˣϳ˫һμҹĬʦһ¾ʹȰܵͷ
Χʮ־ǣĬȻѹסˣˣֻز
ⲻҵǸ׸𣿡
ôͻȻɸˣ
ԲۣŰ书ȻôҲῴ˰ɣ
·˽ĬʦĶϳ󣬾̾
ڵĳֻ΢Ĭǿһ㣬޷սپȴΪ˶ֶּأĵײЩꡣ
šŴţϸͻȻѪ˿Ĭѧ꣬һ¾ͿԭʹˣƺСˣ
һ֮ĬŴ󵨷¶
Ϊη׵ʹĬϧܾ˵Ĵ򷨡
ԷˣֻҪ˵Ĵ۾ͿӮⳡսĬΪǳֵá
ȴ͹˳ֻ΢۰첲ͻۡ
ȻԼҲܣҩĹЧѾˣһƴֱ۾ͻѪ
군ˣĬȻ׸ó֧Ų˶ˡ
ֽŲãĬʩչѹ׵ѧųһ͹
ͻȻһ˿аЦ⡣
Ĭ˻ˣҲ˭
ǿȻ۷״̬ܶ࣬ǳһλߵȭǶסġ
ۿͻȻ¶ĬһȭؿڣΪԼҪȡʤ
ǿǹĻ֮ĬȻһ
ȭͷǽʵʵҵ˳ϣԼҲ¶һǷܾȫϹȭ°͡
һĬѳɲ֪ٿ顣
ڿлһߣȻϣֱӱɱ
ڵϵ¿һĻŵһڣȥ
µǶ·ӡ
סţ³һѪȫƤѪ
תȥ·һѪһ㣬ڽֵУ汻һѪӡ
ûһ·˸ȥæΪж֪˰ҡһȨμҡ
˭ȥ
ܵ·ĮĿ⣬ʲôҲûУڵֻҪһͨ绰
ǰĵ绰ͤƺԽԽԶԽԽˡ
ͷѪˮ˳ߣʶҲģ
ģٸӶʮ룡̲סһ໰
ʮʱ䣬ʮ׵·̣Գ˵·߹һ͡
ڻߵ˵绰ͤͤӴӶͳһӲҡ
ȻܳôǶȣӲ޷ӲͶҿڡ
Ȼǰһڵء
ʧѪʵ̫ˣ
֪Լʣȴ޷Լʧȥʶ
ڳ׺˫ۡʹȥ֮ǰһƬɫȹȹǡ
ҵˣ




1319¡л
 

μұ
η׽ӵת·Ϣһ޷֮ɫ
ףôˣһѹĵʵ
ηĿ⾪죬ܣǸôܴùµʦһʦɱˡ
ף˵ʲôסȻͲ⡣
СȴȻ
ηĿһۣһ»ӦѣԺǾһˣҲɣղͰȥְǼұ£ʦĬȥѰˡ
ʲôף㡢ôɱ˿ǷġѾ㵷ǳ
Сսȭͷ̫ĽİΣˡ
ǰĬǻĽﻹл·
ղηСҲ÷ǳƺĬɱˣ
Сʮ𾪡
ηɭɭ˵μж壬ɱʲôҰַ˼Ҳû⡣ѣҪ֪һĵɲǸ˺ô򵥣ܶʱ򣬶ҪѪġ
޷
ȫܹη׵Ļûĸ֮·һɶġ
ֻηȥɱǰδЩĺ
ȻѼμңֻվηһߡ
ҽôˣСʵ
δη׻ش̾Сˣ򣡡
С֪ǸظӺģʱˣҴ绰
η˵ϵֻµĵ绰

٣ұǼһˣѹҲˣȫ书ͻȻúʦɱˣҺȫһϣĶ֣¿㱨
а¡
ηһݣʵΪʲôͻȻ书֣ɱ˵ͨζ
٣Ҳ֪ô°һСӸǰһˣֻǺͰú񡣡˵ԼĲ²⡣
һˣôɵ𣿲ΣǾСץ㲻˵ˣ϶ӲԶ첼ʩ֮ǰҪСӵʬ壡
η˵꣬Ҷϵ绰ӹһĨ֮ɫ
ɽʩ䣬μ˵Ҫ
μҵǶеһ壬пܳУ뽭೬ȡ
һ׸ͱ¨ӡ
Ҳ֪ʩҪԣη״绰Ȳʵףô˵
˵ĬʦĿܲǰǺͰúһˣҾǺηײԸ˻顣
и־֮ɫ
ѵһתܴķϹĲǰһˣ
ǵʲôʱ򣬰Ǹ˵ݵģ
İ
֮£СͻȻڵһֱ˵аǽѵûƭǣ
Сϰˣоܿһ˼ðģҲĲ˿ڡ
˭η״δ֡
һ书ôߣͻȻмðʲôͼ
СѣǼ˫һ
һﾪˣ
ˣһǰڴյϣʧ׹·ͱһƵģֻǵʱΪ˵Լгڼװѣ
ߣҾ˵ϣ¶Ѱ϶ˣôԼεѣǰ汻ðˣ
ηеĹؼ֮
һǰɶԣ°Ѱº
ʱ»򱨸棬ĵı֤ԼȷʵðʧȥжŰºġ
һ˲Ϻ档
ǵλԣս
ɵأηºûȥ
ڼȷϣһѼһˡ
û뵽һǰη׾ɱˡ
ҰĿǰƶϣη׳ɹһıɱ
ֻڵѣһ㶼ηĺ
ν޶ɷ˾ӦηֶιݣӲ
ֲãǸһֱǼң뷽跨Ūֻ绰ʵϵ֪Լˡ
ֻǸӣ־һܾίĥʵǻá
㣬٣ȻϴˣӦøǸ´Ǹٶɱˡ˿СгΡ
ǸǼһɱμҵĹʦɱ˳ܳ˭μң͵лηһ




1320¡ĸң
 

е㲻ĵѵףѾŮˣҪʲôҶ֧㣬ǲҪȵһǸı
ʲôõģһ֣ˣҲӡʦһָͷ򣡡ηһ㶼ںʲô
еӡʦμҽύǿѧ֣ȫӡ壬ǽѧǳĵʦ
һҲپʲôˡ
Ȼǻ֣μҵĵ̡
һĻ֣ôܺȨμҶ
㣬ȥһ³´֪ˣСʮֹⲻȥ
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ȥ棬ҲܾЦЩȫ֮֡
һʼų´˵Ļǳ´Ͳôˡ
Сֲȥ˵ĳ
Сȥû˵ڳμҵĵˣҲǵĵˣ㲻ȥǳ
СС½㣬ôһǳ⣬ֻԴ
СǸָʲôʶӡʦӡʦΪͽܿͻưǲŽͻͽηǹһĨЦ⡣
ָ㣬ǳָС󣬲ûСѧ磬˵ʵޡ
Сֻȭͷһ仰ҲûлӦηס
һ죬гϢѾμҴҺͰҡ
̫̫uͰүӰ̶ǳԾ
uһֱƭĸоõ˿һŶ֧ηɱǸгð׸
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Ǹӳúߣп϶Ʋʲôˡ
˵μҳ֣μңҲܹʰСӡ
˰ڼеŲ裬ȴμǱߴѶ
³˺μй壬һҲյϢ
ʱһӦֻ
ԭϵİˣһɲɵı˵
Ҿһð׸ڼһ£ֱŷ˵ȥûм˻š
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Ϊѱη׻ֱʶˡ
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ΪʲôǸгˣðңʲôɸ˵Ŀģ
ҳ书ôߣִμҹĬԺ䶯ѧĴ¡
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ܲ
һλʦ
뵽һ㣬ֵϡ
һ֮£׵ľˡ
ηװηף㻹ΪμҺ˸գڿҪ֮ˣ
֮󣬿Ц
ϱάֺ֯˺ܶ࣬ǽıɽһǣվܵĿ¡
ȻľηϾǴж塣
ƶǱߡ
μҶܾˣǴҾͺǶеһˡ
ܰ⵹μңҺΪǴҵѡиŵɫ

ʱܿ쵽ӡ
ηڱⲽʱʱϵֻ
ֻͻȻ壬η׿첽߹ȥͨ绰
٣ǻǸܿеһҽԺĳ¹
η׺ԥĳ˽ȥҽԺѲ飡
٣ǽȥˣһȺװǽңЩװǹ
仰ηɫһ
гμҺʹңļұڸǹ
ЩװӦòǴұڣǸ˵ʱ˵ʲôҵġ»ʱ龰ЩװԼԼվһɫȹŮˡ
ңĸңη׸ɻ󣬡ǽô壬ûĸռģ
٣˵᲻ǽϵļң
ڽϵһŮ˫ĴǽƬȦӶ˾֪²һ뵽ϼҡ
µѣηͳһ
ǽϼңô¾ͺܲðˡ
μǶ壬ŵ
ϼڽϵĵλֻڶʸϹ١ŷĴ󳬼֮¡
η֪ԼϰּϵһŮ˫ҪͿкһС㡣
ҼǸҪͷʺˡ




1321¡ţ
 

ֻǽϼҵˣΪʲôУ
ѵΪǸгĻߣ
ηð⡣
٣ô죿оη׺þûӦ̲סʾ
η˸󿪿ڵȻһҽԺǼҵˣǾӦúͳ޹ˣһ߻ü˵£ȥطǿɲõ
ǣæӦ

еһҽԺ3Ŷҡ
ʶԺڲϣŬ˫ۣƤȴǧأô̧
ֻ΢΢һСķ϶
͸һߣԼԼоͷǰ׻ƣഩŰ״ӵŮΧȥȥǳæµ
˸Һ˸˿ڣ˸
λ˵úءһŮʿ
ų㱼һ˵ôػֱܻҽѧ漣λ壬Ѿͻ༫ˣ
ӿĶ䣬óһѣƣ֮С
ҽԺҽˮƽ²λȬ
ǾͰ˿ں͵ҽԺȥ
УλƳܲתԺҾҽԺҲΪЩһǰģλźεȼ͵־ֵܹڣ
һΪλŮأ϶ûλ־ղŵһ˵Ůʿֿˡ
СֻۣܸλˣҪۣλݵλԲǰܱȵģ
ϵں󣬽С۵Ůʿˡ
ٴλԹȥ
⣬һɫȹʮˮ߸ЬĳŮǰⲽ
Ůǡ
ǧҪҾͰһˡ
λŮΪһµĽϵһŮ˫
˿̣˫ŽŮԼʵϣһı̬֮⣬˿㲡
ǼҺųǧʦң˫Ҳ˼ҵռռһ£Ǽľġ
ռĶλԽߡʵԽǿҪõľԽࡣ
ЩҼĴ쵼ǵķλơȵȣɲô׾ռġ
˫ſǻСʱ֮󣬼߳һλҽ
ôˣ˫Ȳʵ
ҽҡҡͷֻκóһЩˣ֢״̫ˣϢ޷͵ö֮ᵼ˥ߣ˵㣬ڵ֢״һˡ
˫÷һ
ĺ֪ȥһ˸ôԼŪġ
Ǿ鷳ҽƳ˰ɡ
׼뼧СĵȺܻ36Сʱϡҽ֪˫ݷǷ˵ǿͿġ
36СʱǾ鷳λҽˡ
˫˵仰ҽͷؼڡ
ϣ㲻Ҫûеһʱ֪ͨŶ˫˫ͬڱʯӹһ˿ζĹʡ
ռķλ֮󣬶ǰУȻǴ˽ĵġ
ûеһʱ֪ͨӢǡ
ݹ͡
ڼ˫һȣеô
ڶϣҽ˵Ⱥ󣬼˫ԥһ£ڷһϢ
ţ
յ˫Ϣ֯Ϸֲȫˣ
Ϣ᲻Ǽٵģ߶Զŵʵ
ӢɫĵϢǼҶС㼧˫Ӧòм٣˻ǧһʦңӦǼСռŵˣ
ǸϽȥнӳɣ߶Զϲ
û֮֯ңǻ֮ң
Ӣİھȥʮʯ
ӢŵֻҪʯ񣬾ֵܷһʯ
ǵδӢΪʮʯԳƿܻа
ã߶Զæܽ֯Ĵ
Ӣһ¶Ʊһ֪ͨʸ廹ƶʡǱߡ
δϢܿɢȥ
ϡƶ㵺жˡ
ЩĶΪ֮𶯡
׶䨼ұ
ҹɫȻûһ˿˯⡣
ڸɱ䣬֮ͰѳηĤݣʼΪû
һֱڸᰱϵΪΪǳҪŮˡ
˵ԼڻغѰ˼ʮҴȥæ
һʱȥȻóĻ΢΢ÿ컹һϢᰡ
Ϣ󣬾ĵȴᰵĻظ
ͻȻֻһظȫͬϢ
˴Ͽ충ƱȥĽУòòסֻ
䨳˴ɴ۾ǲ˼֮ɫ֣ѵ
û´ţ
ϲǰңڳΧʱ䨼û侮ʯ
̶ƱˣᰮҲ˹ȥ




1322¡
 

Щֳ֧ά־ֵĳҲյ
Ϊһȥӹƶʡ磬Ƚ컪㵽ȥ
һȥ㵺Ա㵺Ĵʦǡ
ڳͻȻ˵컪˻عĻƱҲǻƶʡ
㵺ЩʦǣƺҲ׼ԶС
ǵ鵽׷ʲô顣
Լ绰Ӣ̽һ·
ɺãʵʺ
ӢһЦãõúܣѲ˵ܲ𣿡
ʲôûܰɣһʾͱ¶Լ
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ά־޴Ȩڳĵ£ʼ
ͨ෽ϢԴܣõϢ
Ȼܵȥˣ·ϣſţͻȻһȣǼһйúܲҰһΪ˴룿һߴˣѾ֮ǰǸˡ
ֵ֣һϢںܿеһҽԺȣҸղάֵ绰ҽԺԺԺ˵ϢöҽѧֶƣָֻܻɡСԱ߻㱨
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ǸԺӦò֪ͨˣ֪Ϣһ˵ζʲô
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С裬̶ƱҲȥдմ֣һ³
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ȥЦģ
˭õϲ֮գһҲ̨£ڽǰôӡ
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ȻѾڱ೬ȥƹƶʡ㵺ǰò
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СԲ۾ͷõģ֣ȥƱ
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ۼСҪ߳칫ңְл
ñ015ͱ023ҲһȥҪǸʶһ¡ʮֵ⡣
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ǳκĵĹ涨ΪΪĨȥԭó߸ӷͬһĻˡ
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Ҫñɷ˵ĳʶһڱ೬ߣó֪ƶʡ㵺ߵѹȫ
Ȼ㵺ĳЩʦʱӹ̣ܽҶƱȥУʱУǿϷ־ֵŵƨҷţǰη
ֳ֧ǰеļҲһ
ԳвȥЦȥģνһ˫
˿̳ã˸绰ʡͷָա
ָڶֻװĶӣ֮ûжλйƽϡ
ָ֪һֱһԹ
ָ˵ڸʱ˵ðҹľϯף
Ȼûȴ˷ˣָղЦĻᡣ
Ȼ绰ȥָ֮ʹӦһͬǰȥС
̤ܳģһֱóС̫ˣһΣڶ裬һҪٱǧĻָճıһֿڡ

ƶʡᣬѾǰеĻƱ
ƳΡ׷ϲͲ̷ɹȥС
ҲǺ޲ϾͿ
ҪҪ÷ѩһȥͻȻ뵽УŮѡ
᰿µطѩѾȥ캣Уǰѳӻٸɡ
ҪȰѳȫȫĽӻʲôδʣᰲطѩгĸĸġ
ھǵķhҲһ
ᰲûΪhǳŮѶ˽ģֻǿǵhΪǣÿĹŵ÷ǳͲصȥˡ
ҪȥУᰵûпЩʲô뷨




1323¡Ƿһ
 

еһҽԺ
ҽߴ߳3żң˫˵չ
ѾʮСʱȥˣʱɽʩһ7㡣
ֻҽҽÿ֣¶һ˿οЦ˵С㣬ʼ侪ˣ36Сʱ£ڳѾ޸̶ָȴԼɣֹ۵Ĺơ
֮ǰ˵ʲôϢأ˫ҽѧ֪Ϣĸ֣ǳҪ
ҽɫЩ˼ȫⲻϢʲôԭȫԺҽѧרҾۣһΪϢĲѾִҽѧ롣
˫ü΢
ѵϢ޷
Ļָٷְ٣ΪϢ⣬ջǻᵼ˥ߣ
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˫뵽ԼǾҽ˵ȳԼҳϢķ
ҽҿԽȥ𣿡˫еʵ
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˫ͷŸ߸Ь߽ңĲߡ
ҽʿʰȫ˳ңͼ˫Ļᡣ
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оԼӿֳӻЩѡ
ڸRPGͲ΢𵴣ֱF35սըӾ֢״
ʵһµʱÿ춼ͷĿѣ֢״
ָожֻܶ࣬гԼ֪һ¶Լμġ
ƺûָʶֻƤϲڻԺѵıԵǻ˫ɵ̾
һҵӢۣܵ˷˵ĥѣ
ν콫Ҳȿ־ǣշǳһܵĥҲ̫ˣ
ˣ˿ﻹڲ˾εĻ᣿
ͼֲȥˡ
ڳסһʵ˫еǳ𺳺Ͳ˼顣
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ڸٹ֮Χ¡һµòε´ֱΰòΰ漣
뵽ڸӢ¼˫İһ˿ϼ̲סָḧһ³ӡ
ָϴʸУǳļ˫һ˿Ůĺߡ
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ϧϧ˫̾ϧǵˣ򡭡Ŀء
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ˣ
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˫ӹ뷨⣬ЦҾ֪Ӣô䡣
ô֪УһѵԻ
ô벻һҵˣȻǽϵһŮҶС㼧˫
ҪСǼҴǧռŶ˫ϸһ˿ɫҿΪռһʱ䣬ķλ
ŶǼ𣿡Դ˱ʾܾ档
Ȼ˽ʲôռʩչЩֶΣӦҪõĿй
ͼ˫ֻڽй̵Ľ˫ͨƾվ׼λУȷʵ̫ˣ
Ǽռ첷أ֪ȻҲҪռ߾мߵ츳УԳĴΪռǼҳңûܳɹռˡ
˫仰ڿԼţȴ˵Ĳ
С㣬֮ǰǿΪͨˣȻҲĵһ䡣
˫ЦȻڽϱ˴ˣҰȵҽԺ36Сʱ̶ָȣҽ˵ˣǷ˫һ˵Ӧòְɣ
˵ʵһ㶼֡΢΢һЦ
һֱü˫ŮŴνӽʵĳֹԡ
˼ȷȷʵʵǰȻˡ
顢Щ÷ǳأ˫ľ֮ζᱨȥ
ԭ˫óϲŭ޳Դ⣬ô˵Ĺʶʱ




1324¡ɽ
 

˫ʣǺε
óĽۣǾǳŵǧʷϣǾžޡë֮
ôֵΣ
˫Ϊ޿ɹ
óǷһݶҲ޿ɹ
˫ɲֲرϺˣҪȻҲоȳˡ
г仰˫ֵ̫˫һﻹнŮ֣ȫϲɫ
˿ǽϵĹӣȻüʵ켸ˣ
ʮţôˣ˫е㲻Ϊʲôʡ
ȭͷԼȻñһһȵɽʩ䣬Ҫȥɽɱһˡ
ҪηɻɱƼأɽҽԺ36Сʱ
˫ûмʱֵĻҪнͷˡ
Ѫ𣬳ȻҪӱ
δҪҪһЩӣȥηˣ켧˫Ҳ˲Ϣ
ͨ鱨֪ԭжҵ׸ú񣬱ϳɰһʱ䡣
ѻİñηһ
η߶Գ֣ľ˫ˡ
Ǽ˫֪μжңʶ˽ʦӡ塣
ڼ˫δĳܿܲӡĶ֡
ομһɽּʦã겼ʩ䣬ĻʦᶯԼμҵǶеһ壬μ̤ϽĴ̨
һ߳еļ壬û뽭ڶඥȽϣΪʦᡣ
ɼʦжô޴
˼˫ϣ˻ûãȥηˡ
ȴǼ˫ġ
Ѿָ˵ʦʦˣĶ֡
η߶֣ҪɱҲ׾١
ҳɽʩϸηףҪμڶǰϣ˵ĺ
ھȥˡ˵ժҺܣӲϷ
˫æסĸ첲ԾɺܵǵȰ˵ҾûǲҪ̫ȥηף㲻֪ɽλʦжô
˵λʦߣ΢΢һ
ڵ޷ϵߣȷʵҪСһ㡣
ȻֻҲаջߡ
˫ش˵λʦһ㷨ûУȴĤݣΪǶ˵ʦǷ̴ڷĴˣӵгЩֺ߶ܾη
Ϊˣȴֺ߾η𣿡δ
ܺ棬ڣ
УǸʲôΪʲôҪѡһ˵ˣ
ڲǸʦʲôʵȷʵ̫嶯ֱɽ
С㣬û֪ͨˣ˵ҵңԳ˵Ҫǽ⿪ϵİŷѨ
޷תԼǽⲻ󷨵ġ

ôһʣ˫еСС顣
֪ͨȥˣȴҵһ֮󷢳ȥġ
ᰡӢǻ·ϡ
Ѿ֪ͨ֯ϷֲĻŮӦҲ֪ˣԤƻһСʱǾܵС
ʻûаҵ񱨳ꡢʮʯʳؼһ⡣
׹뺣СٱаŰԼ°ŷѨʼҪƽ󷨡
Ǿǻصĺһŵùĳߣ֯߶ԶתæѨ
⻹һַǾǳָһ̶ȣͿʯ̺ˡ
ڶַȵһЧá
ΪʯܹƵŷѨЩڵơ
ȻаҽеĶɽõ¯࣬޷룬ǾɸΪ֮ѴﵽͼӰЧ
ôһ˵˫óֻӢȥһϢ
ܿ͵õӢĻظ
˵ʮʯˣһСʱ֮ڣܵС˫ֻ˵
ͷûֱɽɡ
˫ֻĻָ㣬ٴηһϢ
ھɽĿ罣ȥ
˫æں棺ĲõȻһ𣿡
ģзִ硣Ȼçһ֮ϧԼ
·ͼ˫ʱɽϣѾ۹ǰĴ㳡Ⱥʩ俪ʼ
μҡҡҡңȫˡ
ηһ§ѣüڳڶд˿̵μҴٷһ
֮μҾҪǶеһ壬̤ϽǿĴ̨ˣ




1325¡Ϊ
 

ҺͰһˡ
ж壬Ҳеʮַ⣬ɡ
رңȨ̫̫uѵһĻױƤ͸ŵɫһݾǺ档
ԶȻڼģպССȴʸվu
㡢ңȫǼѹһλ
һǰܳӵܵ졢Ҳȫȫѱȥˡ
Ȼǲò˭һ¾׬ʮڣҴӴ˽ж֮ء
Ҽ˶û׳١
ȻǿѸñӣҽյľ档
ûһ˸Ҽѡ
ηһ仰ü֮˹С
ߣүӰ̵ˣҲѡʸμҡ
ȻμеĵλȲңҲ֪ˡ
μңǰڿеڶμλá
ڶ𾴵Ŀ⣬ʣµһ˿θУʧӰ١
Դĺñӣȷľһ㶼ڣ
뵽ԺԼеһˣļѡ
ҼʱգڽĵλпϼСܵľء
ˣһоͿ쵽ˣ
ѳĪϲáҸͽ֮УһߵĴպܲ
еһŮӦĻ֮С
ֻĿηҫ
аηףʱʱһ£ûɽ
ȻնԳɽ̫ϣ
Ϊ˵ȻĬԼҲ˺صˣڲ֪ļҽԺļ
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ͷĴη΢΢üͷ
ԴӼкη׾˸ۡ
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㵺Щ޷ʦǣƶʡϼŵܲᰡ¼㱨ǱʱֻЩϢ
ף㵺Щ޷ʦӦι۲ʩ䡢հʦİɣһ˵Լ뷨
η׵ͷʾͬ
ѣ˵ӦûʦԶ㵺ʦĽҲǿ˳ƺЩʦύǼҵչ㵺Ǳȥ
ƶʡϼŵᰣʲôһ̵İˡ
ף˵ǸӦòԵ޹УѵΪ˳ģҪҪһ£ѲվҪμң˷ǳĸδϹǽѡ
ߣΪôСӱĿɽҲϼˣֻ̽ģôμҶΪǡηһм֮ɫ
μұ˵еĴнãǽĵʦʽõ
ο껹õʦ
ʦʲôˣǿĴˣԳ棬ʲô޷ʦ֪ߵȥˣ
ȻЩ㵺ʦɽհʦҪηмӣ
ҪЩ㵺ʦӡ
һûٸΪη˵ĶԼˡ
ϼƶʡǱǺܳϾֻһҵͷ涼йϵμôȣ




1326¡׷
 

ʦ鷳㶢һᰣкʲô˵˳ҳڣȻӦ֪ôϸĵĲһ䡣
Ѿμˣ¶ΪμҿǣһֻСӣҲԽĲʩһ˿Ӱ졣
΢΢ͷӦõģˣȥ졣
˺泩
ǰη׵Ĺӣڿȴǳ˳ۣ⣬ǸϹһǰ֪ǿ׳ٱ
ǸȻǰ򳤵ô;÷ǳģôĵ˴ʧˡ
㣬´Թ޳ΪʲôҪأСĿ뿪ֿʼ
죬˵ºұжҲųӦӳ⣬ȫصԼļˡ
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˿ҲɽΪӲμҺҪҲҪ
˽뿪Ǿ͵ͬںͼѡ
£һһӣ̫̫uǰӿñء
Сڼ˵һ࣬䣬ŵƿȥҲö
ǲں뿪һ뿪Ļ˻÷ǳʧ
ѿ۵ܵܣΪε˵С첻˵ǸǼҵĵˣ֮ˣǧסԵʴȣǶԼ̣
Сס仰һηԺЦ
С˵ǵĵˣ֪Ĭô˵η׶ܷŹ
챣ӣ´һҪƽƽСֻΪ
С䣬ҲС̣ܽԸƫ
ʱ治֪ĸıںһ䣺ɽеģ
һ׷ת󷽿ȥܹ
ۣɯ١ٰһĸپ̾
η׺ѶһۣȻ΢΢üѵ˵Щˣ
Ӧûô졣Ѽǵµı棬ƶ㵺ͽǱĴСʱ֮ŵ
ܿ죬ʮɽϵĹ㳡ӳһװġƷǷ
Щһ³;ֱߵηǰЦףء
٣ΣףμҼյǶУ
㼯³ӣףٳΪеһˣ
ǮǮɣϲӮüʦܷӻǰ;

һλλܻߺү׷ǰη֣η׷ǳܳ
ΪЩףصˣɶǽͷﰡ
ȻĴûйʮλǵڶλߵεģŵУ󲿷ֶѹμһͷ
ЩףأԽݣμӣηܲܳ
ηߵҲЩ֣ò㱣ֲסҹ
ԭȸˡԾŵĸо
һ֪
ǰлͽĴ֣
μңĴﷴ֣ȻŮǿˣ˿̻ǿƲסеʧ̬
μҡ˾Ըеɡ
u̫̫۽Ƿ⣬ˣμƾŮϽ̨棡
ԶҲǼ֣ЩҼʮڵܣŮ֣ǰζ롣
һߵĴտɫӲҲо޹⡣
շǳ⣬겼ʩ䣬ЩĴż񣬵ûصǰףصġ
Ϊеļ壬ûʸףء
ôμҵǶô཭ǿףؽύ
ȻǽڶÿһμҺǴ󰡣
ѵηĺܼʦ˲ͬΪĴ
ôһ룬ոоʮѹ֡
Щܡүûμףأлȡ֮
ڿ³ûˡ
μҽύô཭Ǹܶμô
˵ǿѹͷߣμҵĹϵǸˡ
ԭָܺμƴܾˣڿҲֻܶϵ
ǸɽǾѰ·
ʮүύ֮ηװ뵽Ϣȴʩ俪ʼȻֿ˿·ڡ
ôӡʦûηʵڴľǽʦӡɽףأ֮ǰҲˡ
ӡڽȽļ
Ϊûʦѧǿľǵʦ




1327¡Ѱ
 

η׵һܵ·ɽſȥȻתͷ٣ɽˡ
ӡʦ𣿡η׼ǵõʦӡ֮ǰĳǱǱ
һѵ˵ˡ
Ӧûɽˡηҡҡͷ񶨵
ԶĴѾ롣
ʮλүһġ
ӡ壬˭ᵥǰ
η׼ǵӡÿγУżӺ£ֹһ
Σ֪˭ˡ
ӹ
ȴʩˣűɽͣ
һһŮ
еĽüĿ˪ѩŮ款ƽˮһʢ
Ǹ׸𣿡
꣬С㣬ǰպͰˣ
ǸŮ˭ѻƯö࣬ôһλŮ𣿡
ͼ˫ɽ֮󣬹ǰ㳡һƬ۷׷ס
μҡҺͰʮ𾪡
ΪѾ֪ɽĲǰΪһˡ
֮Ըе𾪣ΪȻͽϼҶС㼧˫һ
Ϣ̫ˣ
ηסǻ֮ʱȴûͣЪ
ȵȣզһͰ񣬵ǰ񫣬Լ˲ˡʬһô˵ȣ
ôһ˵ҲˣϸĻȷʵǰ
Щۣ߹ĳȷʵһǰϿȫͬ
ʱĳޱȣɫҰ׵÷ǳˣһûУҶϳɰҲ
һʱ䣬ûõҽΣֻΪ̫Լ㻵ˣûѳͰ
ȫͬˣ36Сʱˣҽκ˴ˣָɣҲȡȷ
ٲõˣҲɰˡ
˲ǰ˭
ȱ˵еģǸŮѵûϳǽϵһˡҶС㼧˫
˫ϵһΪʲôܵ
˵еļ壬η׺ϲĽʮλü˫ĳ֣ǳ˼顣
ǸμףصİɣμչǱȥˣ
ԭμҵʮĽʣη׳ɫһ˵ӶûУ鲻Ǹӡ
Ǹͼ˫һˣɱڣ˿з
⣬Ѱģ
죬ͼ˫ߵ㳡ĵ㡣
ڵĳ̫ˣ˲ĸóһƬռ
ǰ治ʮ׵ĵطվηס
ĿĿηףȻɨѡԶuаүӰ̡˵
һ¾ͿҺͰȫӹμˡ
ηףѣǿǷⰡǹһ˿Ц
ߣμҵĹĬʦڲʩһɽҲ˭Ȼɽηױȥ
е棬ηҲȥϸôصˣκƵġ
뼧˫Ѳ˸ϵ
μڽĵλѾڼڽϵĵλˣ
нϼҵĹϵηҲ˿塣
μҵֻһҶСƵʲôˣ
η仰Ц䣺ܺáܺã޹˵ȶҹֻȡηһ
ңվ⣬УǷǰʲôб£һ¾Ͳǰˣ㾹Ȼ˵Ҫɱף֪׽ʱʲôλƶǱͣҲȲҼҷף
Ŷѣһϳɰһθжûаҿη˶֣Ҳûκˣ
˭Ƿǰ򳤵ôãҿǳ㲻ӦûϣΪʲôΪҾ㰭ۣ
ÿ˵һ仰ǵʮ㣬ǰصıȫ¶
ǻҲ㣬㹶뿪Уû뵽Լãף뿴һΣ
ѾЩħ֢ˣаѳͰصڵĳʺͰȫͬ
ηЦѣ𼱣ĬʦȻСӴòСӺκˣʵֻһֻֽϻˡ
֮ôŵվͳӣǾóû֮ǰѧˮƽˡ
һǰѰ˵




1328¡޳ܼ
 

ĻָʵӦֱӶֲŶԡ
ηΪɽֻмҶСĹϵ
ȻǰСôõμ뽭ϼȶҪʤһ
ȷʵųֿ֣ụԶЩҡҵˡ
ԭΪЩ֪ʵ֮һǸ
ЩһθжûУһĮɫپʮֿЦ
´磬Բ𣡡ʱС̲סվ˳
һ־ʮϲͬʱҲĲ
ѳϳͲóôĥѡ
СΪһаңǷһԲ
˲ԸǸԼǸ
Բһ£´ǼܿˣĺܶԲ𣡡Сɫϣ˵껰ͨһȥ
ʵϵĺӣķһ˿ж֮顣
ûȳ˵̰СƸ׵ܵһǶ⡣
СǽŴ٣ôܸ˹µǸ𣿡
㣬ʲôݣ˾ǴˣӦø´Ǹѵò𣿡С̧ͷ­һη㡣
ѱʵ΢΢һϡ
Ȼϴ
СӲŷֶԴעص桢ӡ
ڶԴˣô
ҪǼ治ܶ
Ҫǵô棬һݵλԶǵʡ˵ǸԺһôڽ죿
ŰμҵҲˡ
ӣͬʧ档
򲻿ܸǸġ
uλԸ߰ˣ͸ܴͷǸˡ
λСүǲǵһµĽ򣿡һֱĬļ˫ͻȻ΢Цڡ
Сͷ´粻ҽ򣬵ҽ򣬳´Һöˣ
ѵ޳ܼ壬δЩ˻һСӣһ𣿡
˫·ҷҡϾԻġ
ηײĿڵС㣬е£ֲǽϼܣˣҲס
˫ͻȻ޼ɵĴЦɲʲôҹ
ηףǰ׳𣿡
Գʵ͵λҪǼ
Ҹ㣬ڳô཭ڳҲϱŰˣ
ʶĻһµȫͷῼǷһ
ֱӼ˫ԵĵС㣬δ̫߿ˣҪô£ΪλǵУ
˵ǳ̲ϺϷ𣿳ǻֻ֮һƬˮ̲ĳϺѣ˫ԽԽнüơ
֪˫ڰɼ˫꣬Ҫ׼ȡηͻȻ֮䣬µĴŴˣ
ľ㡢𲧡ȷСɳʮͷֳȵĹͷɮ
ЩгſվţȻɫĵͷĿбӣһ¾
Ŀڴ濴ȥֻһλüɮ߳š
ɮ࣬Цη
ʦ
ӭʦֲʩ䣡
μҡңԼдӵܣɮ
ʦһֻηһۣͰĿŵϣȻɫһŭ
ղʩ䣬ηаɽׯϣ
ʦһ۾Ϳ㳡ĵǸа죬ࡣ
η׵ڵʦСӽгǰմμһλĬʦɽѰ׼С¹ׯϡ
ߣа³ͷʦֽһӡҪֱӳ֡
㳡˷׷׵ɴ۾
ôܿʦʩչͨˣ
˫ǽŲѣڻӢǻûֲ֪Ϻ׼ʩչʲôֶΣһסһжˡ
ȷʵϺһ㷨֮ͬǰ˫˵ʦǸͨˡ
ۿʦֽӡĵȴһ˿ΣС
η׾üʦ·Ʋóе̫˳ˡ
һ֣ҷǾͿжҡ
ֻǵʦӡ廹ûηֻüʦ֡
һɽ·ɽ㳡滹СηͻȻǰһ
ʦȵȣʰһСɫͷԳ֣μҵĺӡʦѵСӣǴ´࣡
η仰ʦӡ
ʩչ𷨶ԸһСӣȷʵʧɮݡ




1329¡Ӣ
 

һߣһŰɫϢ±żɫη
Գ˫۹ϥȥΪ졣
ӡʦˡη׶Цӭ˹
и塢ʮλ￴ˣȫʮ𾴵ǰʺ
ӡʦ
ӡʦã
ͬԳˣǽѧĵʦӡ塣
ӡ岢ֱ۹ϥΪԳȭֱԽԽ
оŻһ糤һǿ
ӡԳȭɣ˫۱߳嵽ʮף˹֮ʱƾ˫ֱۣռȻ
СҸһ½һѧ֣ӡʦηС
ȻСȴԭأһ
֪η״϶ӡԳ֣ܲԸνĽһʶ
ӡĲݡĳ´磬СԼνĽѧκˡ
СŲ̺ǳСòģ
ȻѲô죬СӲǲ
ӡʦ˼СӲ£СеһѧţϣΪͽηЦ
λӡʦ뽭нύһҲҵ
ҿ°ɡӡΪǿߣƼ
СһƣСͻȻܵǰҧ˵´磬߰ɣӡʦǵʦ򲻹ģ
СһԺúÿžˡС΢΢һЦȻӡ塣
ӣˣӡʦɷӲߣ
ӡĵη˵Ӳˡ
ӡʦгСӣɱμҹĬʦС·μҸ𡣡
ղӡ߹ʱע⵽ĴڣֻûֻΪ˿ܵɽϵĴ
ԭȻǵμҡ
֣ӡͻȻʲô
٣˵ĳƶʡĳ
԰ӡʦô֪Сƶʡģη׶ʱое㲻Ծ
ѵǻߣӡʦ˵֣
ӡɫ䣬ȻתСʵǡʦ
֪ҡȻ
ӡ˲ͷ亹ȻûˣǳʦĴѧ׹
Ϊߣ֪ܲ
٣㺦ˣ
٣ôܵʦϿʦӡ־ŭĳȵ
η״סˡ
ֳﶼסˡ
ͼСһˣʲôʦ
ôʦ
ǣӡʦСͻˮƽĬʦܰˣǲϴˣηײǳ
ӡʱɲ
μҹϵǳãӦòƭŶԡ
ЦɲҿһСμҶḲ
ηײôɵ
ѵǰ꣬ڻǣƭ˵Լƶʦ
ӡֿԲС
˫ͻȻЦһӡʦ㲻ųǳʦԳԡ
仰ӡ׼ˡ
ηײƭǽϼҶСͻˣ
ӡʦɱСӣҸһΪлСֻлˮƽûƭ˫ֻڰСơη׿ɲ˷ʱˡ
вСʱʩҪʼ
һӡ΢΢Ķ
ұ˫ȷʵӦηס
ӡ׼ʱɽ½½С
һװС첽ߵǰ
һ֮ҰһλߣʮּĿڵ
˿һȦô˼һɽ˵ֵĻ
ȫͷԡ
ʲô֮ңôδ̫¡ˣ
гˣ
ˣɫ¶һĨЦݡ
Ӣű߶Զȼλˣ
⽭ϻʸĴʸۡʸҲˡ
ˡ٣عţ޷ӭǳǸʸԳǸ
΢΢ͷȻһ۱߶Զŵĺɫ䡣
ʮʯ
ǵ˭η׾Щ˵ĳĪ
һҲʶ
ʸҪԽϳ֮İԵӢһ˵ĸģ˶ԴǻĵӢۣ
ʲôӢۣͷǲǵմηײļʹķϣҾ͸ɣеһμҵĴηףòǳСӵϹܼҰɣ
ηһЦμҡҺͰҵȫЦ




1330¡īǳ
 

߶Զŭη׵󵨣ҶԳͻ֪֯Ƿɽ
ʲô֯ʲôûη׼Ц
ȻɨһȦȫʵλѣ˵ʲôǷɽ𣿡
û֯
׷׻Ӧ
ʮﶼʾûη׳׷
ǶûǷɽ֯϶ûʲô
ڽϲ̨档
ªţ߶Զμүһֻ֮ܣηף㣬֯
ø̫ࡣİڰ֡
Ŀɨ򽭱һӡ壬ĮʵôǺҪη׳ͷ𣿡
ӡһʱ䲻֪Ӧ
ȻҲ֪֯ʲôǳվװˣƺһ
ӡʦÿˣټһܷĳ֣ʲôҶţηȫν֯
֪ηˡ
㶵𣿡
ߵĻʸ̲סˣ̤ǰһһȡ
ηױưԵһ
һλߵȻѹơ
ԤУη׸Ͻʵǣ
ϣʸۣ
ʸ۴˻һȫ𶯣
ԭλӣȻǽĴ󳬼Ĵ
ôλòƵˣǶʸˡ
˭뵽Ȼнϳң
ڳĽ˵ϻʸͷʵ̫ˣ
ֳ壬ƺǳڳӡ
һЩɵμҡҺͰˡ
uһֱΪܹǶеһŬ
߳УеĶԶܺ۾Ὥϵĳȡ
ȴμҵ˳ֵµ
Ƚϣʵ̫ˣ
û뵽һðϹĳȻôֲ
¾μңҲס
η𺧹ŬЦʵʸмǲʲôᡭ
᣿ҿûʲôᣬֻҪĺʲôСʸ÷ϻ
УηѾǸˡ
˵ĺηף
μҺܿҪ֮ˣ
ӢǴʮʯ֮󣬳ɲλʦʲôͨҪ֣ɱηס
ʱɽֿС
ᰡƶ̷ҡԼҡ컪ɵȵȫˡ
ᰡƳΡ黹ϲ
ĸѷ˫ĴŮǰֳʿɵõɴ۾
ΪƯŮȫȫȥ
һֱԼòƵѣ˿еԲλࡣ
μҡ𾪵ǣδ̫ˡ
һǾᣬ֪Ҫ¡
컪˹վڳĿηס
η׶ٸѹɽ󣬱亹乶¡
μҽ쿪ʼҲǿ֮жѡ
ǱμҴˣ
μҽҪɨأ
Ȼ⻹û꣬㵺ĴʦҲˡ
ĳλǽǵ
㵺ʮλʦһͶԳʺ
η׸о෢ɣѹ֮£ܲסˡ
ѡԶuЩѾһľ
ôȣҡҾǲС壡
һᰮ˿ɽʱ̲סס
ǸĸٴһԲۣⲻ綥ܡֵĸڵᰮ𣿡
˶գ۾ᣬˡ
ǼԼĶ䨳˴
Ұᰮˣ˵ĸˣһͶԳ׵ü
Ѳס촽
ͻȻԼֵ÷߳
޷ŵǣ缶ҵǼܾȻҲǳ
η״ԭأоԼ޷ˡ
ηף㲻Ǵμܽύʦôλӡʦ֣Ļᡣƽһһ˿ʵ
룬Ҫһ룬Ϳη׺ʬ
ʦͻȻڣμ˭Ҷμңػή³ͷ
ʦĻη׽Ȼһɡ
ͻȻԼûҪôź¡
μҿмʦأ
ʦǴķˣԳ棬ٴҲֲʦĸһָ
ʲôúµģ
֯ϼأʦͨ죬Ϊˣȴʩչ𷨣˳ҪҪʯκƣ١߶Զڳѹʾ
Ϊı߶ԶѣòӼʦ
޷תһʦʲôͨǱ㲻Ӧˡ
оɱԼηӵƶǹһ˿Ļȡ
ڳҪҪʹʯʱɽгɽ
γǼװĵ
һ˴ŻͶ̿㣬ﻹһƿͷ߱ߺȣƺܺá
ɽôְһϤ˹




1331¡
 

ÿ֪ǽά־ֵľֳ
γԾɴڱߣֻǺϴδͬ
֣˵ǻӢ۳һ߳СһŮҲ̫˰ɣ˵ģǽʡͷָա
Ļ˵껹һڶͷ
ָ֣̫Сǳ´Ӣˣ˼죬Ǹ嵱׸ʲô˳ֻƫԶũƶũĶӣֳ׸Ҳ
ָһһͣ˭óڳ
Գص㣡Ӣû뵽ȻҲӽܵˡ
һͺָһ
һ㶼ػĵӢۡ
ԻӢЦЦȻָһ
Ľά־ֳԱᣬװƤЬĮ㳡ġ
ά־ְ£޹˵ȶһã
ά־ֵţߵȫɫһ䣬æÿ
֯ʱȻάֻҪأûʲô֪
ά־ͲͬˣڽݵλһΣٶ˵Ӵά֡
η׾ĳλү˵ǽά־ֵľֳȨƱʡԱҪ߳һͷ
ǽά־֣˵гݵλͺǽ־־ֳࣿ
뵽һ㣬η־ϲ
ָ߸ϵĹٷΪʲôһССУ
ϲǣղųһǳĳԲμңҳ鷳ġ
ôһλڣʲôʸ壬ƶ㵺ʦùԹԵͷ
ηҪȥͳʶʱӢǽϷ־ʲôʱȨô󣬶ܵˣ
Ǻǣ˵ķֲҲܵǫ仰ʵûжԻӢ
ҲǻӢλ߳һͷŻ𾴡
ڵĳǣǽϷ־ִߣӢ߶Ƕ
ϳַϵˣ㳡ʵǽϷ־ǿ
Գе˵ҲӲ
Ӣһֻӳȥղ¿˵Ҫ£־ֿһ£־֪𣿡
仰ʵúã֣ɫԵõĵ֮ǰѾά־ֵӾִкˣӾûʲô˵ºȥһһ
Ӿ֪£ͬ𣿳Ӧ֪軪ӢۣʲôӢ׵ķŭˡ
ͼ̫ˡ
ǳųƻûָ磬ѵڽ϶һ
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ѲӱǱϵĶӻȫָǷ˳ˣ
ĻָֻǲԼԳԹޡ
ôһ˵ȴȫһƬȻ
ԭȻһǰָӢۣ
Ϊ𾪵ģ֮ǰǳĤӢء
˭õӢۣȻǸһðϹĳ
ĵĸһӶ֪ʱܸı̬ˣ
ᶨĺμվһ
ǻӢôĳѲһǰ߳ĳ
ӢҲձɽʱûʲôµġ
һֱĬĳȻڵ֣ǰףңߣ㡣
ķг졣
һˣҲֻˣˣƤˡ
ãҸһ£Ǿֱ015Ŀǰƶʡ023㵺Ա֮ǰڣĳ԰æسҰɣ
һ˫˲䷺â
Ȼʱ䣬룡
ǰ˽лְֳˣ֣Һǰӵȥ컪޺޶
컪˵ķ𣿡Խ컪˵ɾһ㲻ˣ㵺Щ£άֻûúøˣ㻹ɽ㻹ΪĴɽһǰһ𣿡
ȳ꽯컪ĿɨӣȻη׺ͽһӡ塣
λٺӡʦɣرĳָ״ôӡʦæһ£
η׺ӡ仰һۡ
ά־־ֳʲôǷǳ
仰ڰʾǶԳ֡




1332¡ķ
 

гִﶵףǻʲôù˼ɵġ
η֪νά֣רձͼֵⲿš
Ϊά־־ֳʿʤ
ӡ֣ôӡһӮ
ҿӳָնѰģμҰæ֣ԳûύλӽĴ
ôμҽţָտɴˣ
뵽η׶ӡ˵ͷ
ӡԭΪǴ˵еĻʦ֮һԳǳη
ǳİʾġ
ֳ֣˵ʦķˡ
һܻʦĻᡣ
һսĻǰ
ӡ֪Լܴ
һӡ߳Գ˱ȭʦԳȭӡ壬ľѧ
ǸңӢֹ̺ȻĿҪ
˰ֵûϵҿԽӡս
ơ
޷ɫޱȴݡ
ɷˣװʲôװָձƢһ̲סٴοڼмճµģ˵ʵҺͳֽصЦģ
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ϳɱ̫أаԪʧӦɽˣ̶ȥֻأ




1333¡ᷨ
 

ׯһʦȥ
˭óʦҪˡ
ڳĴݵλжߣ˵ףɽǼʦ
ʦҪԳ֣ǳûκ
ֵý赶ɱˣûӢ˵Ӣۡ
ʦȻǽά־ɽµģǼȻԳ֣ǾͲˡ𾴵ĶԼʦ˵
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õ㵺ʦҲһ뷨
ǿʮ꣬ҪǱʦᷨôʲô壿
Ʋûĳ֮󣬼ʦĿ⣬ڳϡ




1334¡аۻع飡
 

ʦȻޱߣĳˣ̲ס˹ơ
ڼʦķͨʿĳֳݺһѡ
ΪСʾʦղŸһָûв
ֻлĳڵۼʧˡ
Ҳ˵ʦĺ޷·𷨳ͽĳ
ʦԭҪƲóڣתͷ˳һۡ
æķеʦӵ˸𷨣Ļ޷һˣĳǽά־֣ҿԱ֤Ȩơλиִǻάֵ߹񡣡
ⷬüʦʮֶġ
ǾԲ뿪ɽµģ򽫻ʧȥ˵ʸ
ҲΪʲô֮ǰά־ֵӾ룬ʦȻûɽԭ
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հһõУʦ׵Ŀ˹
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һʯֵǣһǰڲֻ֯Ǳ̬һֱǿӲ˵ʮҪʣµֻ֯Լãά֡
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ķ־ڶ־ǰֵܷ顣
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ԥĳ֡
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ָաηסЩˣȫܸܵâһǵļа֮⡣
ǲ֪վڹâǳΪվһֲĴħˣ
ȻȻǲаħĲ˼ʦ־ŭ촽΢΢




1335¡һſ
 

֮䣬ɢˡ
壬ɫâסֻԼ΢΢ͷԼסȭ
ʯǲ
ͻȻЦȻȻЦĵɫâǼȫȥڡ
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ֻͻȻҡҡͷƺ˼ʲô
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ͬһʱ䣬ѹһ¡Ѫ͵а֮Ҳױˣ
ٽʮ⣬аħʦѪӿɫǺ죬˫ֽ󷨾һ˲֮ȫ
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عĳᱻЩ˵ֺ
Զ⣬һһʦ߹ȥ
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1336¡̫֣
 

ллˣұҪôаͦ鷳ġӹһĨЦ⡣
ҵɲ˺ȴа
Գ˵š
ʦȴʮֳԾ
ԭΪааԽʵԽǿȴ̵֪ڵаԭԻ⡣
ۿʦףɮ׷׾
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֪Լбղʩ䷴ǹµĩգʦи֮ɫͻȻݺҧҧ
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ʦѪֶΣʮаţﻹǷͨ
ʦӰҲһʲô
ǼʦһЧȷʵʮԣϼѪɫ⣬谭˳Ĳ
Ǻǣͺ¿ҲƷţм
ʦֵ֮ɫԸа͵÷ǳֶΣĵģ
ϧ㹩ҲʲôˡĿƣۼʦеӰ
仰ԭ¶ЦݵӰתΪŭ顣
аħݵ´ɣʦٴһѪѪѹơ
Ƶú˰벽ƽֵʯ
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̡u˵ιȥ
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㲻Ҫ̫ˣ
ǿ𺧣վŭȵ




1337¡սʼ
 

ʶʯָʵܼʦȻޱȡ
ڳʦֵĹУһֱСעǵݱ仯
֮ͣС̱棬ʾڵֻдԼߵˮƽ
Ҳ˵ûȫʯ󲿷ֶ˷ˣڶԿʦŽĹĵˡ
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ʵϳҪμҡҺͰңֻǰ캣жĵλˡ
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άְϸչƶȣӹƶʡ㵺ļʾȫǸΪܺǾֻΪһ̸ǰɱôˣάֿһֱûкƽϣлڣҲ㣡˵ţʹ˸ɫ
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ǺǣǱ֪ӷ˴е𡣡仰˵ƤЦⲻЦв˼Ѿˡ
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ԭߣԼʵһΪ츳ޣΪάֵĶԴҪļߡ
ܵõһʯôͻƵļߵϣͷǳˣ




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1339¡ը
 

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1340¡ɱ
 

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1341¡ɱ
 

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1342¡ٳ
 

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һҹջɵõܶʵʵĺôͬʱҲ˫̥ûǰδеΣա
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ٿİˣȻῪţ̴绰ɡ
ǸòŮ˲֪ʲôַָһ㣬¿Ƽطžͱ׾ٵƿ




1343¡ӣʢ
 

Ů˲ǳɫ߸Ь߽ţٺµòȥ
ȻŮļװ˸󣬵µģ޹ǵĳŮ
㡢˭ΪʲôǼٲȥǾͱˣٵǰ¸ҵĿڵ
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ߡŮ˵ᣬ˵Խû˫֡
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ŮȻһЦ磿ʲô磬ˣԹԵĸ߰ɡ
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ǸŮԲͨˣ
ٱץߺԼ׷飬¹ȥͷ
˵ǸŮ˵ıҲܲ򵥡
ү̫ڻû鵽ǸŮ˵٣ҶԲͷأѡ
ʾ⽯컪ɷ
Ҳܵٴ˿̵Ĵǽûã뼯һҳǸŮˡ
λæ׷һãɻϢתͷڶ֧˵
ǰ뿿Լһҵ٣ڴ롣
շô˾ͺˡ
ʸ۵æĴӦһЩƳ̳ɽȥ
ڳʱͿʼ绰Լ°¡
ᰡ˫ͬһƳ̳Ǽ˫صҪġ
Ҳûбܻ䣬ϾǷϵһŮô飬Ժܻܿõõ˫ĵط




1344¡֮
 

ڸʻ᰺ͼ˫ں
һòѷԼĽŮòֵС㣬ǳлҵ
˫Ҳ֣֡
Ůһ룬Էòһ¡
ϼŵܰɣȻ棬ǸԴ񡣡˫Цӯӯ˵
ᰶʱɫ΢΢һ죬æ͵С㣬Һͳֹϵ
ҲӦÿˣ˵ɣ
˫ĿƵʻϵĳϡ
ɲ׼ش⣬˿һֻǣٵİȫ˼Ǳġ
ɫǣ˫˸ǣɫȻ˫ûмã˵ģغǵĸѪŨˮ˫ȥǼͣó£ȥһɡ
ܱǸС㣬֪Ҫҿ޷̱ľ֮Ǻܸм˫ƽġ
˫һҪһʱ䱨֮ԳΪˣҲ޷ܾ
˫΢ЦûϵǼǼµ֮ǰӦûµʱ䣬ֻҪ֮ǰǰǼҾС
Ŷʲô£һ˿֮ġ
ϼҿɲͨ壬еǧңȻڵȲϻʸ壬ȴȻʸصöࡣ
ǼѰ٣ȥҿ˫ʲôæ
˫ٴЦ£ȳǼ֮󣬾֪ˡ
˫ӣ֪ڼƳ̳˵
ڼ˫˵᰺˾ˡ
ǼҵأȻ˵
ͻȻ˫ı£һ˿ڴʵС㣬֪ܷռٴ˿̵ķλ
浱ҵܰ˫̸óʧĴ𰸣õ涼û޷ǵ˽ϵռǵķλ̫Ϊ˫ˡ
ͨǵƬʹùϵ𣿡Ȼġ
ͼʶ²ˮƽߵʦӦòԼĿ꣬ͿռĿơλȵȡ
˫ǧңӦˮƽŶԡ
⣬ü˫־ЦΣܵƾƬʹùĿ;ȷռĿķλҾͲʦеؼˡ
ʦзƷе㲻˼顣
ʦִһҽûְҵ
ϵѾʧִѧһƤë˲ˡ
ǻʲôƷִʦǸʵƷ
˫࣬ʦȻƷɸߵͷΪƣִܶʦƭӣƼûУǼʦҪ̤Ƽʦ⻹д˵еƷ񼶣ܳΪ˵еָ࣬һǰһ顣
С㣬ôʦ𣿡һҲʦڡ
˫ܾȷķλѾúܲ˼ˡ
˫΢΢һЦȻУֻͨˣûӴʦ磬޷Щ
᰿ɲͨˣĳһ㡣תͷ
̺ǿʣֽĺԲԺ޷ļ˫˵ȷʵͨˡ
˫һʼע⵽˪ʣ·һ߸ϵĺŮʣȴû뵽᰾Ȼͨˡ
ʮֲˡ
˫ѯΪʲôͨˣһС㣬ѵûиʦ𣿡
ûС˫ɫ̹ȻҡҡͷִͬŴѾѵؼϵʦǼҰڣֻмʦ󲿷ֶǻƼʦ
ĬȻֵֻܿڶȥѰˡ
ʵҲٰһΣɲ׵õֻ֮ǰΪռһ£ļ󣬷һͼռһٵķλ˫仰˵ʮƣ롣
ȷʵۺۣҪúϢһ¡
Ҳǿһ˿ЦݵС㣬ܺķһʱΪռҷǳмȻؼϢɣҵ٣ȥ㡣
õģǾ˵ˡ˫õĳŵڳ׷
Ƴ̳͵ľƵꡣ
³󣬳ֵĸһ̽Ҫ¡
㵺Щֻǽ䣬ȴɻȥ
⼧˫Ҳ뿪ˡ
һԲԣɫ֣أʾ¡




1345¡ֵñ
 

ڶԳ˵мǳҪĴ£ػһҪģȻһ١
ڶǽ⿪ŷѨĵšڰţʵָȫʢʱڡ
һָо⿪ŷѨ֮ʵָܻȫʢһµ̨ס
Ϳֲʱ޷ʧˡ
£ɱά־־ֳһ֮⣬Ҫάֵĳͻ
һ£ûôżˣΪ˫˵ȥҼС
һȨ֮󣬳ɣԸɣȥҸФ񻭸֣°ٵǸŮ˳࣬Ȼ˭оϵģþæŮ˵ϡ
үܱǸ֮ǰѾˣûʦǸŮФ񣬱þҺȴûҳǸŮ˵κϡɿɬĻش
ԣüͷһ壺Ů˾ʲôˣڻôûϣ
үǸŮһ㶫孿ҲпܲǻˣǶˡɸһؼѶϢ
ʱʸۿڵǶ˵ĻĿСһЩ
⻹ԶԶص˵ƾһҪҳǸŮˣõȵ£λʲô
˶ʱ۷׷
ֿӢҵʵûȫָҪʯĲΪ֯ʲôϵ鷳֪ͨһ
õģֻҪ̴绰֪ͨʣµʮʯѾϽܲˣܲܲ룬͸ˡ
ҪʱӢ̾뵽ʮʯ
ɲʯϽ֯ܲôûȻʯѾȥͲˣǽϷֲĹ͡
ʵõʣµʮʯҲֻƿš
ûӢΪλ濼ǡ
Ӣܹᵽ˼ϲɵøֲû֮ɫ֪ҾͲȽȥˡ
𣬽һ»Ҫ񣬽ɢɡ˵ţվ
ʸۡӢ߶Զ˷׷
˷ɻصΥƶʡᣬĸطѩhȹ˱ƽ
Ȼչͺ򸾣֪Ӿգ϶ǵͷ׷
صƶʡ̱һţȫ䶯
һǰָӢۣȻû
һȫ硢ûڻڡøٷľϢ
ϢǻӢ˷ųģһΪ˸ǹ輤ڡ
Ϣһų֮ǰ廳Ӣ۵վͱˣһ֧Ӣ۵վߡ
վעһ£㿴ǵۣŽⵣٵ顣
Ǳը˹ٷǿǴİǹزϵﷸȴòκﷸڻĵ֤ݣֻܴ޳å
Ĺٷ̬ȣȴȫ֮
ȫΪӢڲѣһȣģѰӢ۵Ļ
ʰϣĴšаԭǻɫ壬֯յϢ
аĳߡȷ˿ٴǿҪаǺֱܾ֯
֯ʼΪаʵȲϰһ͵ڶǽаӻԻ͵ս
Ӣ۸Ϊȵۻ⣬ⱳĳЩ˻뷨ɴж
һ죬ý컪ɵ˻㱨ѰٵĽչԶھǣĳשߡĵĴԺڣӢȴͷվţȫûյơ
ϻҪô˵أ
ȻǻĵӢۣǹֹѾʮʯΪ꣬֯Ƿģ
Ȼάֵĳ־ָɱˣ֯ô
˵һںľ칫ˣϢ˵ʱı顢κ˽
Ȼ˵Ļ̺ǳ֮⣬Ӣȴұֳһ˿顣
˶ʯ֮нӶ޾ԮͬͣҽѧҲΪ޴ףʮһֽҩҩ츣˲⼸󹦼ӦܹɱĹɣ
Ӣ֮֯ܲǰⷬ˵ǣֻϣǰܲһ档
Ҳ֯ܲߣӢĻ֮ҡҡͷ
ϻ˵ЩͣǳΪ֯µ֯˵õκΰʵϵĺôûУȫûУǾ仰ǧѸΪ֯Ϊ˺֯Ҫ壡ܱ֯Ҳֵñ




1346¡ϻľ
 

ȫѻ˵ˣǲ붯֯ס
ûӢһĳ˹ȵס
û֯άά־Ӣ־εֵס
ĵһӢţûڸҪԼˣ
˾㾮߰ѻ˵ӢǲԸʹڲˡ
һ󣬻ӢٶȿڣΪ»أϾǻġҲ֯ɶõ˲ţ൱άֵļߣʵǿļѾսԼĸ֣֯óļֵԶԶһҪϣٿһ¡
ϻôǣ
˫һ̯״
Ӣ֯¸أϵȻΪܲȨƸߣƽʱһܾػӢ
Ȼ죬ζͻӢ˵ΪµĴ̫ˡ
ǣʵǿ˵൱һļߣȫţϾܴӸٹΧлȷʵҪļϲõ
ǣǿսԼֵٸߣϾֻһˣʲôҪ֯ţһӶܳ֯ǰ޹ؽҪ
ڳΪ֯ɱάֵķ־ֳϻô꣬Ӧ֪ζʲô
˵ļߵʵǴ˵е弶ߣɱ˳͵ýάֵĴ֯Զڸˣϻô
ףס
Ӣͷֵǣּ֯ػģǱ³ԳʵǱʣԺΪĹף˲ţǱάִ̣Ǿ̫ϧˣ
ϻ㻹ǲס
߿Цһ΢һЩ
ϻ֪ظ飬壬㣡ǳ⣡
ǣϾֻһѣνţֻҪԸھ򣬸ȱ
Ҫǣ֯άֵĹϵΪһССѣˮݡƴһҪ֪ڶʧɱʧȥһضˣԾΪС֣˴֡˵ϻ㶮𣿡
ǡ
Ӣ˵ȴ˰֣ͻȻһ⣬ʵϻҼǵ㻹ǲǣ
ûôͻȻӢԡ
΢΢һЦϻ֯ĹѫԪϣԸλñģȻݣȰϻ㻹Ǻú׼ְ֮꣬ɣΪһαأһŪãķֲλӿܶҪǰ֮άԼֻ֯лûκκô
Ӣ꣬¶һ˿Ȼ־Цݡ
Щܵġ
ӳϣ˳ࡢȥĹâƷʡ
ɱ֮ǰ˵Ǿ䡰ģػ֮󡱣Ӣ;ƴҲҪѱѺڳϡ
򲻵ڣҲڣ֯ڡ
Ϊ֪Ƿǳسŵ֮ˣ˵仰ζ˼Ըְ𣬶ǽ
ӢĬ߻ΪԼ˵λˣº͵ЦݵϻȻǣȥȥǼϾƹݺͣ˳ܲϼһǽйȥϻ
ΪӢڷʵӢ¾ġ
߽гڶϻʱӢȻ̧ͷƺǾȻ֮ɫΪеɱ𣡡
˵ʲô߲һվϻǧͿ°Сֵ𣿡
ֵãȻֵãԸ˸񵣱ļֵԳܱάִ̣ӢȻȫȥˡ
ľ
еľ֮ɫԽԽŨü붼û˵
һ߲ſЦϻϻǺοأ˰ˣȻôس֯ΪȡһΰɣͳҪ׼άǱ߲ܾˣʧĿһλֺܾѡ˰
ףллӢʱϲɫ
Ȼ֪ƽǳѣܲ仰ϣת
Ҵ绰¦ܾ֣¿ͥʱ䣬󣬰Уϻȥ֪ͨʱ׼ȥظ߷ͥ֯άֵо
ãʹӢæóֻҪĵ绰
ʾȲҪżΪߺܿͿȷͥʱ䡣
Ӣߴ绰ʱϺάֵ¦ܾǸǵһοܲŵ̬
ӹ󣬾߽˺¦ͨ




1347¡
 

죬óظ߷ͥǵöʱ̬һҪ˵СӰúܣǧ¦ܾˣ֯Աסͨ껰Ӣѵ
ӢͷȻ󲦴ĺ롣
߸ܲͨˣ֯ȡһοͥĻᣬʱһᵽӻ
𣿡ӵӢĵ绰һ´ӦˣǺãҹȥɡ
ѰһϣûκνչȥǰάֵˣʲôӰ졣
֮󣬳ڶǡ
һΣֻܵͥȥһ·h
Ӣ׼һСȳ·ɻ󣬾Сǽȥ
ظ߷ͥǾص֮һͨ˽ֹ롣
ص󣬳ԺǰͨԺҲûʲô֮ͬ
˳ڻӢ£Ժȥ
һ·ϣװվڸųֻݣǾĮ
û˰ѳʲôӢۣ߻Ľܳꡣ
Щ˶άֵģǲǡӢͳһЩݡ
ͲЩŻӢ߽ͥ
Ŵ򿪣಻ƵĿ۶
һװЩ˵Ϣ߶ĸǿвάڱ೬ߣ֯档
ۿȥ߸ϵϯϣʮɫˣƣӦöάֻ֯λȨص쵼
Ӣѹڳ˵ϯмģǵܲߣұάֵ¦ֲܾ֣֯άַ־ֳ
΢΢ͷͥǷǳ
ֻôٷĴȻ治ɫ߽ȥ
˾֯Ϸֲ¦ܾĿĿڵ
ӢæӦ¦ܾ֣λǳ
ܺãʼоɡ¦˵ƺϧī˭Ҳ˿ʲô
ִûб¶ŭµġ
֪¦¦һġ
־ֳΪᣬ¦ȴŵĽϽƹܣɼ¦Գжôء
Ļһάֵܾλӣ϶ύ
ͻȻ֮䣬άֶյ˳جģ
һ죬ֵܾĹԱȫܵõ¦ŭ
ڣ¦ȴƽҪƽûбֳһ˿ŭ⡣
ִ֪ܾ˴˿̿϶ޱǿҿֲŭ⡣
񱩷֮ǰƽʱҪöࡣ
ߵͥ룬һڱ೬ߺǰ̨Ĵ쵼ǡ
վλãƳͥ͵㡣
˿ûеһȵ̬Ŀ⵭ĮĿϯ
ô쵼Ͻʺã߲õĿڵ
ֻ֯֯Ǻϵάָûκι̸쵼
ĵһ仰ϯϵ쵼ɫ
һˣȻ紫һ̫ˣ
ߣʶ壡߳ѵŵ㣬㻹ѺֵˣȻ֯Һͻڳô쵼쵼ڵһλ
ˣϽʼͥɡͷĻӦ
仰þ˫Ŀð뷢ŭȴ¦ʾ⣬Ӳŭ⡣
ⳡͥĵһй٣¦⣬߿ɲ
Ϊ֯ڽɽɱҾַ־ֳҾӦö㴦̣ǿھܲϣҾֿһ
¦Ϻͱ䣬λߵơ
⣬ӣܲҾʮʯֲ㷸µĴ
Ҿ£һжȥ˻ӢְλڳϹлҴӽ󣬲Ҿκβǲ㶼Ҫ浽ÿ
Уλû
¦˵꣬ɨһۡ
û¦ֵܾоǳƽߵһͷͬ
쵼׷׵ͷʾû
ôͥ󵽴˽оִС¦Į˵
һѯʳ˼ûС
ǡ
ͻȻЦ
Цʲô¦⵱˫ü
ظ߷ͥʹڱ೬ߺݺݽѵһˡ
֮ǰ֪ôСӣȻЦó
ʥׯϵظ߷ͥʲôطˣ
ҲüͷСǸͷ
Ҳ֪ӢСһ㡣
Цʲô
ǹЦ¦ӡ
ȻЦνظ߷ͥоǸЦЦ
Ҿһ⣬ʲôʸҳ




1348¡һϰ
 

ˣ¦صһӣǻŭڳױ
㻹ظ߷ͥϣûʸ㣿
ǵ㹦ͣԼʲôǲǣ
˵ֻһССļ߷ֲ𣬶ҪǵУ֯Զڸˣ
Ӣ¦ŭ쵼Ҳɫãæǰĳĺ󱳡
ѾԸжְݵʸûˡ
ŭ¦Ļоɲֹô򵥣Ի׷Ӹĳͷ
ָԸ˰ڲԸ
Ȼͥ·ϣӢʾɷҪ죬Ϊһʱ֮صĺ
ǽͥʵ̫ˣ
ЩʯǻӢĽϷֲɳͱ߶ԶȥǧղŶġ
ȴҪװʮά
жӢְλǹ
˼Ϊ֯Ϲᡢ꣬ò׿쵽ݵ䣬ȻҪжְ
һ֯ģάֵо
ȫӢλһˣ
ȻóŭģûʲôȴҪڳϹصǸȻάֲǲȫ˿
ѯûУǶԲãǵУ
ˣҲ̲ˡ
ҳûԼʲô߸ϵĴǶ˵ʲô
ûڵ֯֯ڵˣ쵽ǣҲͬͥ󡣡
Ҿһ䣬ͥĹأɱûдʶûУֱ´оѵⲻְȨ
󵨣㾹ǵȨظ߷ͥʥԣһŭȣҲǲˡ
֮ǰǧûӢ̫֮ͥҪ÷ִ磬û뵽һͰ
Ծߵŭȣѡӡ
Ϊ֯ܲӢְλסɫ
ڣĿֻ¦һϣȻ¦ܾ֣㣬ͳ֮ûֱӹϵ֯ˣƾʲôԽȨжְλάʲôʱ֮֯ˣ
㣡ߣ¦ⱻʵɫ࣬һҺ;ܲͬľֵõ𣿳̽оҪǿִУ
Ŷ㲻ְȨԶǰɣ
ҡҡͷЦ
ά֣Ȼ磬ܰԵ
Ҫǻһˣ֯άʩѹоѡͷˡ
ƫƫһף
Ӣļ٣֪ٲ¾Ҫظ߷ͥˡ
λϽĸ첲úǰ̹һڰɡ
ٸһλᣬо֯Ҳס㣡ϯϵľ߳ȵ
ٴҡͷЦ
֯
ܲͷβûб˼
ͬн
άֲǲǾǰһˡ
ûʸңͬҲûʸңֶȻڡ
ϯϵĴ쵼ǣɫȫȥ
߲˵ˣУѾûʲô
¦Ҳûж˵ϻĿ飬΢΢һ̧ŵһڱ೬ߣ˲䱬һǿϢ
תɨһڳ֯άֵһٶ֣ɫȻûκα仯̩ɽǰ
ﹲҾֶ60274018ǸҪļߣܰ͵ػУڣ㻹˵ûʸ𣿡
¦У˸𺡢԰Ĺʡ
֯
ʵ죬Ҳ޷ǿ֯⣡
֣֯άǰͺһֻСûʲô
¦⻹˺֣һλļ߾ظ߷ͥĳȺ
ǳ˳ϻɲµ

ͻȻЦЦÿа塢ᡣ
ȻͻȻת΢У˵ס¦⡣
һϰɣҳξ壿
ҵҪֵܱ֯ܲȵϸٹ֮Χˣ
վҳҲҪϼٸߵ汳
¦ܾ֣Ϊиļ߱Ҿȡ
ǽûǻаץסô
ʱǱάɱˣܷסô
ԭ¦¶֣ⷬƲɵͣڰС
ԥˡ




1349¡һЦ
 

һϯϵĴ쵼ɫ
άܾ¦ԥˣҲڳԳ֡
ΪӢ˵ʵͶļߵļܸߡ
ļߣսԼαԶԶ߿ɱȵġ
췭ظļս֤
ڳôڱһϣȷʵѹƳ
Ҳ˵һ֯ά־Ի˲ء
ٸߵĴۣҲǳΣ
Ҫˡ
¦Ŀڡ
Υ֯ɲһ˸۶ѡ
ļˡѺͰˡ
ֵµô
ⳡͥѾһ˵飬ǻǣ浽
ԣ˫Ȼ𺮹⡣
˵ʲô֮ģ¦вļѺͰˣǾǳ״ۡ
Ҳû뵽άΪ¦ܾ־Ȼ˵óֱ޳ܵĻ
¦ܾ֣ҾҲӦļˡ
纮絶棬ӹÿ˵ĺ
סڻģǱ㰲ŵ׹ֻҪǿִУҾǲݣ
㣡¦۽ǸŨŨŭ⡣
ȴòϣвЧ
άָҶļˣôͳһƥ˵Ķǡ
һսԼĸʧȥˡ֮󣬻ɳʲôǾͲö֪ˡ
ĺ¦⻹Ǿãڷͥ¶ֵֺܲá
ѾˣΪָٸӢ
սԼֵ
Ȼǿ󣬻Ҫ¦⡢Щ쵼ԤϣֻǰŷѨûȫ⿪ѡ
㵽ô仰Ȼ˵ʵǱ־ɱģΪΪһˣѵΪ¸ԵϻĿ𣿡
ô
ĿƵϣ
ܼ򵥣һɽɱңһɱֻڶҵȻܸлĿأԽ˭Ҳ׼жְҽо
̫ˣŭӳ
¦ŭⷭӿɱʵƱʲôܳʲô£㶼ܶɱ֣άдΪսҾֵȨ
ûҾ˼ôú¦⽲ʲôˡ
νͣһﶼֻһζ̻
ҾսǾֵȨˣ㲻Ҫ͵شɣǶ֣
¦ⱻ仰òλ
治¶֡
ɻܡ
Աߵľѹ¦ܾ֣ҪǼһ㴦һȥٺúýѵСӣһ
¦ɫ䣬濼
ҪǼᴦǾ൱ڸͷ
ִܾ˵ӾҪظ߷ͥ϶ˡ
Ǵ˿̵ĳ˺Ƶľġ
ͷǳ֡
δ¦߿ʵղŵоǿᣬҲҪʿɶֹǸһλᣡ
Ҳһλᣬȫо̸ʮӲ¦⡢߸һ
ߴ˿رȥһƣȥĻһͻȻ֣Ƚˡ
ֻʱ俼ǣһ
㵨ԽȨ¦ⲪȻŭ

ޱĶ룬¦Ļɷƨ
ѵ⣬Ѿ˳
ãʱ䵽ˣоǱһս
һ䣬һӿͷ裬ɱȻ˲ѹסһٶߵϢ
ǿԵƣϯϵĴ쵼¶ļɵ֮ɫ
⣬ǳȫʢʱڵʵŷѨšŻδƿ
úúãҴӦ㣡Сӹݣ¦æ֣¡
ҪǽѪȾظ߷ͥߣǾܾڼһ۵ˡ
ɱǹһ˿Ц
û£Ҿˡ
˵仰Ҳܴ쵼Ǵ𲻴Ӧ˫ֲת߳ظ߷ͥ
Ӣ˾һۣȻ˳ȥ
գ֯άг˭Ҳû뵽ջĽ
ߣ¦⣬λ޽ӽĶ˵Ĵȴһʮ˱Ƶö档
Ŀͳ߳ȥҲҽס
УһЦ
ܲ֯˸¦仰ɲǳޣǳķ̡
߿Цһ¦ܾ֣ҲˣСӣҶѹסȻ֯ԺСӵֻһֻ۱һֻۡ




1350¡ڲ
 

ߡ¦λõģûһǴ
˾仰һڣ¦ˡ
ԺάֶԳ֣Ҳᵱ
˵о仰ԺͲ֯ԼˡͷҲʵ
άΪǿܻеǰ취óΪԼĽۡ
СӣһθԼһˣ¦ⲻм˵Ǿһļ߹ȥսԱȳԻ͡䶯
ߵͷʾͬ
ļΪսԼαִҪʮһļ
ô׾ܹġ
һ֯ļάֵļߣЩרҵԵִȻҪȳְɵø
¦ܾ֣Сȷʵļߵʵ·̫ڡ̫ˣԸ˴ȱݣֵڱļȫ޷ȡ
߽ΪԸͷͷǵ
ϯά־ֲֳ֯ǣȫλ쵼Գۡ
ҿǰͷ֮Уֵô󣬴׶ӵɽƵģʵսҲɱߺSɱ֣ǽ
һ־ֳ͵
һֲڣϸ˵ɹñ˴Ӻ״սˣ֯ļԼڸ֡
ôһۣڶ쵼һΪսֿˡ
νӢۣǱȾġ
緢һ֥С鶼ܱ޿
ʵЩ˵˿ǵս㲻ʲô
ҳʮʯرֻʣһʯѡ
ôɹ
˷ֲͷ־ֳǵۣ¦ͻȻǳڣղŷγ뿪
֪Ӧùһ㣬´λļߺڶһ֣޷߳ظ߷ͥ
뵽¦̲סӣԼİû
¦ܾ֣ļСӾǸ¾ֻǳ鷳ʱû֯͹ţҿһôס߳
¦ͻȻʲôܲȻʱ䣬Сʵûȫָɣ
пܣ͵صһĴȣôû뵽һ㣡
Ҳˡ
ʵûȫֵָһٶڱ֣һļߣȻᱻһСס
ҪǴȥ֯άֶԹŴˡ
ԳΪȫָʵûô򵥣ҪԴܲԺ֯ʲô񣬶ҪСӽӣ֣ԴգҿСӻôָʵԺʵǸǾ޿ܣ¦˵˴ǲһȡ
¦ܾ֣һļļߣҪķѶôӴԴǳôţûԴҲֻԭ̤
֯άֳԱ׷Ϊλ쵼ơ
ˣܲǻ仰СӣҪԴң̬ȹõĻһῼһʩһʯ¦Ц
ʣµʮʯάֵġ
ȻĻҲһʯ
ʮʯֻҪõõȫпǾֵļ߻µͻơ
ôܸһ̵ܽĴͷ
ͻӢ߳ظ߷ͥСĿȥ
뾮ܲ¦ַܾ»ıӢʮֵǵĿڵ
ƽĿڵǾɣȻǿڿ֯ߣҵ뿴ǻ᲻ð֯Ԫķգҡ
߳ظ߷ͥһ̣¶ġ
ά֡֯º󱨸в˵İΣԻشۡ
Ӣ仰̾һ
޸ߵĹϵ޿ܡ
Ȼܲûжְλ㵱Լ˿ˡӢ̾
һЦҲҪʲôʼհѻ㵱ѣʲôҪֻҪӦ꣬Ҿͻῼǹæ
ռԴʵָȫʢ״̬
ԻҪһ֯
ڳУ֯ĺôһ㣬¡
ҪԴܱ֯ȸ˸յϢ
ӢͷлҪæһ֪ͨ
֮ͥ½󣬳ͺͻӢھǷֿˡ
ǣȥһ·h




1351¡Ƴε뷨
 

λǽгȻŵ÷ǳרµӰڳﱸִԹҪģǸ֡泪֮սĿҪϣҪΪʼѲݳ׼ÿ춼æòɿ
hǳճͳ棬˵˼Լٵĵġ
hһ죬ѵõƽ
޷Ϊٵ鲻ȥˡ
ɻصƶʡᣬϼܲð칫ңûȥ洫۵
ľ֣ƽʱ᰺ƳԱùϵõòˣôȴˣ
ŽȥֻƳ˵㣬Ĳͬ⣬ҽʹϼְ
ƳΣΪʲôĻأҲΪá᰻Ǻº͵Ȱ˵
ɳϣ޳ȣȻЦۣһȥȤҲûС
ŮĿ۶
áƳ߹סĸ첲
ôˣ
ԡ
ƳҪ˵ȵôӾǻ˳𣿡
ʱˡش󣬺ʵƳʲô
Ƴ˵ҪԼҵҽֶзƷҲͬ⣬ΪڻƷгѾˣҪռгݶҪͶʽзƷĳɱҲǳ߰ϼ˵һաרҵԵĿǽ͵
ƳӦ㣬ڶҽֶзƷѾĵãɱܸߵģҲϼṩʽԼһһƷ˾УзԼе֧ҵİɣ
Ҿ㻹ĻȽϺáҵϵ鼸һϲͨҲû鿼ⷽ飬ƳΣϼŴúúõģΪʲôҪƷأ
ΪҲԶұ㣬Ҳһ棡Ƴΰͦص
΢΢һ㵡
֪ƳΪʲôͻȻ뷨
¶ʮεı顣
˽ԼıãСûʲôһµľ飬óȻҵܴܻײͷѪ
ڹϣϣΪƳδҵʧܣóĹػ
ڴҵʧɵʽʧرҪ
㣬֪ǶΪҲûжһı죬Ҳ֤ҿ
ƳȻʲô̼ˡ
ǰҺͬѧϵǸԼ⡢ꡢӪ˾ϰ壬װĽиرı㣬ʵ֪Ĳ
һͬѧǶˣҾǿƷ˾ģҽֶзƷλͬѧҲ֧ңԸṩгͼ֧֡
һȥλͬѧ˳һƷгУҹȥɡ
֪ܵðΣ°ǵŮ˲պǶǿȥ
Ƴⷬĵҡ
Ƴβһʱ봴ҵԼ뷨
֮ǰҲǸŮˣ᲻°ȥ
ֻЩĵ飬ûȷָ孡
Գúȥˣڴ롣
ҲҪȥôš
˭֪ʲô
ƳΣ֧ľ΢ڵ
Ƴζʱĵڳһڡ
ӹһ˿ʧɫ
ΪվͬһսߣֹƳΡ
ȴû뵽ĴӦˡ
ᰲòΪõܹϵҪá
Ů˵˼ϸģҲ̫࣬οޥĵŮˡ
һ¾뵽ԼͳĹϵǲѾúͳĹϵ׽ˡ
Ƴε棬ǳǲǴƳϣͳ뷨Ѿı䣿
ѹ·ӵ˼᰿˳һۡ
óӡ
ʵ˼ƳδҵɹҪʧܣ͵ѵ
ղһ̵ᰣȴĺ壬ΪƳΣҪֹ
ðɣǶȥ孵ĻƱɫָ糣Ǹɽܲõʡ
лл㣡Ƴϲ֮Ա
óֻ֪ͨ컪ǰѵ鷽ת孡
һγֻԼˣ붯һܹõ
ٶԳ˵ʮʯļֵ֪Ҫٱ
ֻһΣ޷붯άֺ֯æ
߿϶ûӢԮлڻûְ
˷ɻ孵Ϣܿ촫֯ά֡
άܾ֣һʱõƱ¼
̰Ϣɢȥ˵ָĹͨǰ季άְܾ칫ڰ칫¦·Ը漴۵ӹһ˿֮ɫ




1352¡Ҫ
 

¦һԼĪʮĸӣ΢΢ͷʾ¦ܾ֣ѹͨĳӢۣĹעȶȻ᲻һ㣿
ӢۣҲӢ𣿡¦ǲмСͰҵĻȥɢϢǵùʰҲҪһݣ
õģ¦ܾ֡ҪҪֱӹʵݣСٴιʾ
¦⿼˼룬ǹһĨȵֱӹҪǹʵݣСһ孾ҪСӾû˼ˣè׽󣬾Ҫ棡
ܾӢСǡʱķһ䡣
¦һ֮ɫߣǶСӻ̫ˣСסɢϢһҪòۼС֪άɢȥġ
Ȼ赶ɱˣΪɵʵһûڶ季ά֣ǽͲԤˡ
סСͷ
ʱ칫һֱĬλļߣͻȻĿڵ¦ܾ֣費Ҫȥһˣ
ˣһҪһ˶孡
ļߣӴλ¦ⶼҪʮء
Ҽǵǧͣûȡɣҳǰӣɱ˶ǿʦĵӽҰңЩְҵɱ֣֪˶季ڸҲ𣿡
֣΢΢һλʦƺͬȵʵҼǵ֮ǰάֶʵ
ûά¼Ĺⳬ߻Уȷʵļ߼𣬶Ҷʦսֶηǳаţһļ߻ҪѲȻʦ϶ǺĶ֡
¦˵ţɵЦ
ξЩְҵɱֲ֣ƾһʰССӵ֪άֽ赶ɱˡ
뵽ԼѴܹ֮׾ٵİγжΪ¦ĳ
֯ǱߣӢɼȥЭΪоζ֮ãôƽ˾
ǽϷֲǣ˱߶ԶȰӢҪٰæ
϶ᱻ֪ܲʱӢͺܿҪжְˡ
ԺǽϷֲҲ̫ùɹȥЭܿܶꡣ
Ӣֻη뷨
Ҳʲôˡ
ɳʲô£άֻ֯ѹϢ
άֿ϶Ϣˣ֯ܲǱҲֻǽϷֲ
Ӣĺ϶ŭߺ¦⣬¶ġ
¦СϢɢȥȫܿʹ÷з
һǰָĳ֣Ҫȥ學ˣ
Ϣ̶һСʱڣ䶯ȫ磡
ǱһǴһֻ
ϾԼʧôأȴҪֵˡ
˵孵ʧǸ
ߣٷٴУ̾˶䣬ϲ뾳ˣܸҪص㡣
ȫְҵɱҲŷ
ЩϢӢ²ܿάַųȥģȻû֤ݡ
Ϊ˻ѹӢýϷֲǣɢϢ˵Ǹʵȥ季пȥŸޣҲпȥֻһӡ
һȷʵ𵽷ǳõԻЧɱǱҪǰ季ӢļϢȫʱ
˭֪ǲڰж硣
ֱڣвΪǸѾڸ
Ϣ¦ڰ칫ñס
ûлɵӢͷϣΪǳֵµɵġ
Ӣ¦˫϶ǶʱƳƶʡ׼ǻ
죬һ͵ݻֵװƳһˬİٴСȹʻװʮְ䡣
ȻƳεľգߵﶼǽ㣬ƳƷСһ˫Ľ㣬ȴʼڳһϡ
ҸѡװǲǱҽ׺ÿƳЦʵ
ÿ
⣬ѡһĴ𰸡
ᰰ׼ֵһǧװʺϷǳ¡ʽĳϴԳûд
Ƴΰһס
Ƴ֪鲻̫ãҲûΪĴ𰸶ЦЦһ˿ҷñǰ˧ˣ
ǺǣҲһֱô˧𣿡֪Ƴ飬СӵЦһ䡣
ۣһ𣿡Ƴָ˹γıСһοʱ򣬿ȫû˧һʲô۷




1353¡˫̥
 

ʵƳβʲôҲʩľó͸ʶʱкܴ仯
ϵøΪӲˣζҲûһʼḡǳƽдһ˿ȻһͺֵŮˡ
һУΪ̫ĥ޳²ȡ
΢΢һЦ˵ˣƳΣĴԼ커Ʒ˾۵ġ
ҲۣƳΰСԴ˵ʶЩŮһһ棬ұʡҵŮʣĳ˷hǷһĵĴǣСΣʱ̰ﵽæҲ书Ϊṩأֻܰ㾭ӪһССı֥ãԺһöûС
Ƴ֮ǰᰰ칫˵ɣⷬƳĵʵ뷨
ÿŮˣԼĿеĵλ
رǳˣ༫ƷŮΪ֮ģȱ֪
ڳһսƳľӿŨŨΣУԼÿֻܿΣգܵΪԼİʲôá
Լ커Ʒ˾ɹԼҵԺͿڽǮϸ
Ƴε뷨ʮֵΪĳڽǮϳˡ
ƳεⷬǷǳж̲סСĶͷһ¡
ƳΣлл㣬Ҳϣôۡ
Ƴںһǣʱ糺죬ϲ޵˵ҲۣĸԸġ
һ٣˿رСӵһ
˷ɻСʱ󣬵ﶫ孴л
һ»׼Ƴ̳ǰõľƵꡣ
Ƴȴֹ˳ľٶȲȥƵɣλͬѧܿͻǣȥλͬѧĻƷ˾ιһ£𣿡
ģˣλͬѧʲô֣΢Цʵ
ƳλشúܿɰŶǿһͣѾӪһĻƷ˾
ӦòǰҰɣѵļûΪṩ𣿡
ɲǸͺƳһ󣬱ҵûܰһһƷ˾Ӫȫ硣
мİƷԼзģļٶǮҲĻƷȫޱΪȫʮ󻤷Ʒ֮һƳ˵ĶͬѧǾĽ
Ůǿˣıˡ
ŵûʲô뷨ҪĿĻҵ١
ڽ컪ɵѾﶫ季ùϵͽǮ
ϵĻʸ塢壬㵺ʦǣҲṩ
Ҫһڶ˿ڵĶŮӣϣǷǳãġ
ûȷĿ£ֻƳο춫孻Ʒг
ַңϲʲôƷ̫Ļ
Ŀǰ孵ĻȻǿö࣬гһգһҪȫ綼лĻ
ȻԶ룬ʱá
һߵȴĵһɨӻÿͣͻȻ˺֮УһǳϤŮ˱Ӱſȥ
վȥǸŮ˭ȴƳס첲
ͬѧˣǱߣ
ƳôһٿǸŮ˱ӰѾʧ˺֮ˡ
ȷ˵ӦֻСӰƾӰжϳǸŮ˭
Ҳ׷ȥΪŮ˲ǵҪ¡
˳ƳεָȥһһŮ
еװģһ־ĸоŮĴſɰķɫȹӣòɰߴԼֻһ壬˸߸ЬҲһ
óΪǣһһŮˣȻʮ񣬺ܿһ˫̥û߽ܡ
ƳС㣬ӭ孴УɰŮڣΪ
Ƴ溬Ц⣬ųӭȥþòλʱ򾭳˵˫̥𣿡
ƳСãȷʵҵĸ硣ɰŮ
Ƴ˵濴ôСɰŮӣȻӪһȫǰʮĻƷơ
ƳСãܸ˺ʶҽ󡣡װòҽܵ㣬һƳСò˵ҪƯʮ
ллƳĳޣֻǻò΢ЦȻסֽܵгҵѣҲϼŵϯҽʦ
áֱͳ֡
ۣΪҽǶˡ
ŶԭѾôˡÿɷЦЦ
֯άֿϢɲֹ季ȫ硣




1354¡֮
 

¶֮ɫ˵ƳʮһҩҩҾֻҪԸ⣬ԿԻŵҽѧ
ҽҪŵ϶ллС費ĻӦ
仰óƳεЩ
бµ˰Ǻģֺγأ
ڻƷ˫̥ŲκζƷơ
ƳС㣬ϳɣҴȥǵĻƷ˾ιۡ
Ƴ󿪹Сһ·ϣƳκϲɣ˵ͬѧ겻䡣
ԭûʲôȤ죬˵һϢע⡣
ֻЦ˵ƳС㣬֪ǼŮˣĺӶ˫̥Ŷ˫̥áֵܻã֮ǵļʷûһŮӲ˫̥ġ
Ȼô飿Ƴһ˫۾˼ɫ
ȴ٣Ҳ˫̥һһŮץˡ
ѵǸŮˣˣ
ٴ󵨲һ£ٵ᲻ǳ壿
ʱǴӹ¶Ժģ¶Ժ֪ٵĸ˭
һֱٵǸա
ƺпܽҿյˡ
Ȼܵƾһ仰ϵĽ϶ĺӡ
ΪĻ̫ɺˡ
Σٵ䣬ڴӺͷ˽չһ˿
ȥ˵ջ
˳ԥĸ孵ȥһš
ý컪˲һ塣
ŵĶ͸ӾʲôҲû˵
ʱƳκĻ⣬»صƷ档
ҲһƷ𣿡Ƴμһֱͷѻϡ
Լĸ磬˼Լش
΢ЦǵģʵǵĻƷƣҺһ𴴰죬Ǵӳʼʲô鶼ֱ˴ˡ
ƳС㣬˵ҸʵѳһҲѧҽģǵĻƷܹ֮ôɹҵľӪҸҽѧ֪ʶзƷҲǳҪƳεƣе˵ƳСҽѧϵ츳ǳҲܹƳȫŮϲĻƷ
лл˵Ҷ첻˼ˣΪڻṳ̂һءƳβɵࡣ
Ů죬ܿ쵽ĻƷ˾¥¡
³һ̧ͷһö˹šKONSYӣӦþƷƵơ
ƳС㣬
£Ƴ߽ãһιҳĻƷ˾
ֻͬƳβι̶ۣĵġ
ǽ컪ɵˣһϡ
ӳϣĶ̬Ͽʱûʲôɵĵط
û˵ӭһ˫̥ʲôġ
ֻý컪ɵˣжҵ塣
ĻƷ˾СʱƳβŲι۽
Ƴζ˳Է
˳Ƴε˼ûоܾ
ƳС㣬Һ͸ٴιһǵзʼձ΢Ц˵껹һۡ
ƳȻзǹ˾ҵܰɣҹȥιǲǲ̫á
ûϵģƳС㣬ҺΪṩз֧֡ϵЦǳϡ
ƳҲܣڴĵ
ƳλصõľƵϢ
Ƶݣ˶࣬Ƴαڽ
ڵżϵһɲǣͻȻӦĿ͸ŷ쿴Ĵ
ǸϤŮ˱Ӱ
ȻֻǾһƳʮȷ߹Ů˱Ӱ͸յڴлǸŮͬһˣ
óΪʲôôɣһοǸŮ˱Ӱ
ǸŮ˺ܻܿסͬһҾƵꡣ
Ͳɺô򵥣Ǿˡ
һ뷨ѵԼٱ¶ˣ
ְָҵɱ֡
ȻɹصģӦûû
˴ٱ¶һɱ֡
ǸϤŮ˱ӰȴSɱۣһʱ벻˭
ȥ̽һǸŮˡ
ôˣƳμüͷ΢ʵ
ĻӦûʲô
ƳθӺˣŮ˶ǺķǳصĶ
ƳνƵ귿󣬳Ƴ׼ϴ裬˸ڵƳΣҳȥҹ
ƳεͷӦ·ԡң߳䣬غ÷š
ճȣͿǸϤŮ˱Ӱƹȹսǣƺסͬһ㡣
ؿø룬ٶȼֲɫĸȥ
ǸŮ˴һķ߽ȥ
һ֮£¶˼֮ɫô




1355¡Ͷͱ
 

֮ǰȿŮ˵ıӰ;ͲǰǸŮǶǡ
ֻȫͬû뵽ǸŮȥ
Ȼû뵽ڶ孡ͬһҾƵŮˣȻ㵺̫̫
ȻڳѾ̫̫һѸˡ
ǳôͻȻڶ季
óȫ޷벻ס
Լ벻ͨҲ룬ʳô¾С
ǳ߹ȥš
ֻ˺ü£ﶼûгš
ɻ֮£͸ͫ濴ȥ
һͷһаֱϴܡ
ﾹȻڷ·
Һܿѵþ⣡
һ覵壬ӳ֮С
ò˵ʵ̫ǻ̫ջ
һο΢ϷƬ;ŮȻ֮ȴһٸķϡ
ĳ̶ֳϽ۵ͦģĹǣһһǣκ˵Ӷɳ
۵ƻرںͳʱǳ
ȴӭߡ˺޲úݺ۰͡
Ȼֻģ۲ضãƳΡഺȣһģҲŮŮ
ȻӺɫ˾Ƕʲôзӵģֻջ͸ͫȻţɿһС㣬ǳ뿪һš
ƺûĻ·ԹԵ߽ԡҡ
һʼԡҵˮǳһžʹͷˮ
ǲóȻȥˡ
Ͼ˼Ҹֲ¹ϵʲô·û׼ϴ裬ȥδЩΡ
˳ţȷ΢ʳ
׼뿪ԡҵˮȴͻȻֹͣ
ǳӯĽŲҷſġ
΢΢죬Ů˻֡
ղôû׼ţѵŮ˵ĵ
һ󣬷Ŵ򿪣ֻһϺٵԡ¶Ƭ⻬ļơ
˳޳Ͽǰ͹µħģĳЩϵĵطԡŵùĹĵģְڰڵջֱ̫ˣ
һͷմˮϣɢ˵㣬ǳͬضΪ֮
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һ
ΪߣֻҪˣ޷ƷԱܵĳ嶯
ô֪ӣʵͬʱԡ
Ȼİ˳ߴ磬С壬Եøˡ
Ҿסȴ¶øࡣ
ǿԵĿڵһô季סͬһҾƵ꣬ô£
Ƚ˵ҧ䣬Ȼ˳ֹϷš
󣬸ое컣ֻþ񽹵㷿ڳϣڿ˵˰ɣ
û̽ͣԥ֮ɫƺʲôġ
ڴߣһѩ׵㽻һ𣬴˼£ڹ̧ͷ
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ǻܱ򶨣ֻû뵽ܵ季Ϊ
Ϊʲô֮ǰֱȥƶʡأ
δϸ룬о棬һǻĽ˹
һѩ׵۹ڳϣĶš
㵺ƷŮ˿ߺ˶ӣ˫ȴ¸ҶֺĶϳ˫ۡ
δȳӦǽ˫ĺ촽ȥ
˴󵨵ľٶһʲôΪ˵ĳ붼֪
Ǳ㹻ǣƿ
С㣬̫ʰɣ
Լ˾ӣҲἱɫͳһ͸ɲһ
Ͼ䲻ʮ׵ĵطиƳء
ңȻܹܵ飬δе㲻֡԰ˡ
ѵ㿴𣿡ۿʵƺҪˡ
æ͵ҲǸ˼
һ䣬ٶ˹һһѳԼϵԡ
΢΢һѱ±ס
һҵųգһȥ
ƿͻȻŮˣſͻȻһġء
Ŀһ£תͷһԭղŷûؽҽľȻƳΣ




1356¡
 

ƳŽҲû뵽ῴ˾ĳ档
ղźͳ˵Ҫϴ裬ʵԡҡȳ߳ˡ
Ϊ˵Ҫȥҹڷǳ١
ָߵƵ꣬һ绰ͿԽзԱҹˣҪȥ
Ƴһ֪϶ȥ
ٽϴʱоֹƳθӺ棬ʲô£ҪܵŮѡ
Ƴεȳȥһ󣬾͸˳
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ƳθʱѾķ䣬ȫעڳϡ
Ƴ˳߹ÿķ䣬ûйغá
ǿҵĵʹ£ƳŽˡ
ȻͿͲƬƵĳ§һ𣬳ϻĺ촽гݮӡ
ڸʲôɵӶó
ңǲǴˣƳԴһգʶʳ仰
˵꣬תš
æ͵ƳΣҺͳС㲻
ԣƳСӿ϶ʲôվ ͳﱣ־롣
΢΢һȣϵԡ¹ϣһʲôҲûı飬ﻹиղӭߵӡ
Ƴͣ½ŲȴûлͷҧӣĵǶˣ𣿡
ع󣬵һӦ
Լİ˺ͱŮ˸ɲһĸŮܲأ
Լһŵμˣȴܵһ䣬һ¹ϵ㲻ϵ޸͵飬Ƴζܲ˵ġ
Ů˵˼һûûˣƳɣǲΪԼС󣬳ŻѣһһŮĻᡣ
ɲ֪Ƴһ˲ܲô뷨Ǹ˵ƳΣҺͳСֻѣڻСıӰھƵ￴ԲŹķʣΪʲôᵽ
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֮ǰ㵺μ̫ҽҩᣬ̶
Ƴκ᰹ϵǳãһУĵ˳㵺Ů
Ƴ˵֪ԭͳȥʶˣ΢϶Ĺ졣
ҳԳİ⣬ƳҲ֪һ
ȻŮȫܲš
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ʵ̫ˡ
Ƴεܵ˺
ϳ˳Ŵ¹ʾƳξŮĻǳأֱۻ꾫
Ƴδ˿رһŮ
ҾûǲǺˣǼɡƳһ֮£һ˦ȥ
ʵ̫ġ̫ʧˣ
ԭΪ季ڴͳһĶ磬һ֮á
һû
ƳΣ׷ȥȴס첲
ҳԡ֡⡱Ļ䵽ϡ
̣Ӧúúðա
ž
ָ˳һơ
Ȼòأ֬ϣǳʺӡ
С㣬أ䶪һ仰Ȼ׷ȥ
סգĿųȥ
ۣͻȻһ飬ġίǼ֮ɫ
ۣȴ̺겻ĺŨŨ֮Ϸ
ԲĲֲصŮˡ
죡
ͻȻԼһ⡣
㱾Ǹϲ˵ļŮˣɷ򣡡
ûкϹҲǼŮˣ
ͼƭԼɣ죬Ҽ

뿪ķ䣬ȻûЩĶԻ
صԼķʱƳſں󴲵ıϣƺ
ƳΣҽͣҸ֪ˣ飬ȫɺϡһһ߹Ϸš
ƳסԼĶ䣺ҲŲͣǸˣӣһϲһ˼ҹҲܾ
˵öԣղȷʵڹң϶ǹģһбͼ˵߹ߡ




1357¡˵
 

ƳζһŲŲΪͳЩ£Ҳ֪ʹӱˣǳ͵ģ
Ҫ˵ôȻƯֺɫƳΣ֪ĵǣҵģٵİȫһ˵һŸƳεı
Ƴη˸ƣƺˣ㲻˵ҶΪ㲻Ҹõģû뵽ĳߺߣӣ
ƳΣԲ𣬵ĶԳû뷨ҿԶ췢ģǺͳĻᣬҾú
֪ôͣС㶼ţɴƶ췢ġ
ƳķôأĶʱе㶯ҡˡ
˵죬ƭ˵Ĺ֮Ҳ˵κλҲ˯ϣҡ˵仰ƳͷţȻӸסӣһʮַӡ
ÿЦãȻƳûôˡ
װİƳελŲŲ
㡢㲻׼ǸȥҳС㣬ңûãҲûṴˡƳӣ˵
ЦЦĽ˯ɳ
Ҳ˵ȥСķ˯𣿷ǸղźҲû
Ƴμ˵ŶĻȴӹһĨа֮ɫȻѸײڶٶ˹ȥסƳιʵʵıӡ
ɫǣſңƳ˫š
Ȼܺͳȡ
˺ü룬˿
ҪҴȣûй˾ǲǣСŲźءƳȻӲ۵ȴһ˿βסĻҡ
ͳԸģûԹǿӲ֡
뵽Ƴһŷͨͨ
Ƴη㽫ԴĶ˵ãֻ֪Ůȡ
ɫǻúܣŮӶȥˡƳ˫ȭͷǰȸнָд̼һʱ䷽ҡ
ӵͳаˣȻ˵ôǽǲҪ㿴أ
ҪƳνеһ룬۵ӣͱס
ղŻĴС㣬˲ڳĿ͹סȭͷſ
ã뿪ƳεӣЦĿС˫
ƳιĲ죬ûĵģϻгСĴӡˮζ˼ңޣ
һЦһʱ֮䣬ȷʵԼղűﱧסһǡ
վӵĻ϶ῴϺܶ촽ӡ
ƳôҲǺġ
üųֽ˲ԵĽƳʵãٴθ˵ԲԭҰɣĺͳûʲô
ߣҾһΣҪǻ´ΣߺߡƳλһСȭвʽĿ˵
ݸһЦ´ΣʹҺˡ
ȸӲ֪С˵˶ռȥˡƳβеֺЦ
˭óⱲԩء
ڰƳС㣬ϴ˸裬ڴϣ˼ų孵ͼ
ΪʲôܿĹ
ڳӡУȻ濴ǷɧٸﻹǺܱغصġ
ͷǳˡ
Ϊ˲Ƴλɺûȥҳʸ
ڶ𴲳ʱͨ͸ͫһɨֳѾڷˡ
ֻý컪ɵֹӳж
߳Ƶ꣬ƳξͿվһСԱߣڵȴǳ
ϺãƳС㣬Ц֣ϳɣҴȥιǻƷ˾з
ҲաƳѧŶ˵˵
ϳСʱ˵Ŀĵء
ƼʮзϲĽܵƳС㣬ǵÿһֻƷҪʮзÿһƣǶܳҽѧŶִУѧϽ覣ƷҲԳɾΰ󣡡
ĺƳԵ
зסˣû뵽зƷһ
ԼĶԻƷз뷨ܼ򵥣ܴǳ
ƳĲеûס
øֻƷз̣Ƴοۻңȴʼе㲻ΪȻ
Сȷʵһ˿ڳҽѧֶзĻƷֻԶ
ΪǵĻƷз̣дʲô覴𣿡΢Цʵ
ʵȴܲ




1358¡ҽĵ
 

ҽѧˮƽ֮µƳζ׷ˣȴе㿴ǵĻƷ
ҲĽ֮ˣ˹ʳ⣬뿴⺺˵ʲô߼
װȴ˵߼ĻǾƯŮǰˡ
⣬Ļش覴̫࣬ΪƷзûҪôิӵĳ򡣡
һãΧ仰ĻרǣȫЦ
ȫ⺺˵Ļ
Ƴζее˼ˡ
ȻҽѧϵǳߣƷһ
󲿷˶ԻƷһϲͨ˵ֱС
㲻ҪϹ˵ŶڻƷ棬˿ɶרҵƳЦ˵һ䡣
ƷԭҩƷͬС죬ôͲרҵˣ
ù˾ĺֻܶƷЩƷĳɷ֣໯ѧҩʵҩһַࡣ
仰͸еıˡ
ƳһЦƷôܸҩƷͬСأϴ̡ˬˮ¶Һ˪ЩҩƷƽҪһͿЩƷҪз
з̷覴áɴƳΪʲôôֻƷںһֻҪͿһֻƷܴﵽлƷЧϾͲͿô໯ѧҩ
仰Ѿ̲סЦˡ
ŬЦһֻƷܹﵽֻƷЧþ¶˵ֻƷ޷Чںһ𣬱ֳסˮסߡȵȡ
˵öԣһ־¶ҾʮƿΪ˴ﵽͬЧƳȻʣױڻƷʹȴǼĵá
޵ƳСȻܰԼƤأԺԺͳིڻƷ֪ʶŶ
Ƴ֪仰ѣóԺֳƵЦ
һ㶼Լ˵ĻܿЦǳ˵ҽֶзȷʵ޷ں϶ֻЧǻҽͿԡ
ҽ΢΢һ㵣Ȼ㲻ڿЦɣҲҽ˽⣬ҽֶƻƷܴﵽҽ˵ִҽѧЧ
⽫ִҽѧĸ˵÷ǳء
֮⣬ҽǱ̭Ĺҽѧ
뷴Ƴȴȿڵ˵ҽֶзƷûãҵŬǰ׷ˣ
˵ţƳδӰóһӡֵA4ֽ򿪺дһеĻƷҩ䷽
һɨƳдЩƷ䷽ͦģģҽϵһˡ
ȴЩΪȻر󣬸ǱֳмɫƳС㣬ˡֱԣҽзƷĽֻһǾǰٷְٵʧܡ
ƳС㣬ΪȫǰʮĻƷƹ˾Բƭģ孿죬ǵĻƷƣҽƷε˵Լĵ뷨
Ƴζʱסˡ
ȫǰʮƷƴ˵ĻȨԲɡ
˵ҽзõĻƷѪȫҪװ˷ѡ
״Ƴε磬οƳΣҪǻҽĵ̣зƷѣⶼҽʣµġ
û˿ĵط孻֮ʱĹ˾зָĻƷ
ľ֬ˮۡ
ĹŴĻƷзҽϢϢء
硶Ҫд֬ţţţ֮֬裬֬Ҳ¾ƣ㡢֣巨һͬԷɫյУ
˵ľҽҩ֬ĻЧ൱ִľҺ˪һ
ֱδĿˬһСͼ屾ݡҽѧ顣
ôһΣ׹ӣζʣƽ޶󣬺ɫ÷ϡ֣÷С֬󡣡
ͬҲ֬ķǰ˰ǰĻҽѧдġ
ɸ˽֬ʱƷĸûγɡ
ƳֽдĻƷ䷽ǲοˡҪҽż
ֻǰʮƷƣƳβŶԼ䷽š
ĹƳ˫
һֱûҽзȫĻƷԷ
һǾЩ䷽зƷƳᶨ˵
óƳľܳӰǳ
ôƳμ˵ļƻҪˡ




1359¡ô
 

ƳС㣬䷽ȫвҩȫзƷĿѧԭһϣܹǵĻƷ˾ҪνҽƻƷ̫ģֻ˷Ѿ޶зɱҵòκγɹĿǷǳ϶ҽӸԱ
ڻĹڣ󲿷˶ҽ
͸˵ˡ
ȻǰӴƹҽĻרŴũTV㵺ҽѧרæֻܸıһЩ˶ҽƫ
ҪΪ˵ҽĹֻۣǺ˵ġ
˳˵ϻֱչ¶ҽֶδˡ
ƳҽӣеҲܲ벻ҪСҽǻĴǧҽ˷棬оƷҽżڵǻۡ
ҡҡͷȻ΢΢һЦ
ΧĻרҲ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ǶľС㣬̫ˡ
ʲôˣȻҽ
ֱɵÿɰ
Ƴҽ棬ȴֹƳΣøǷϻ͵ѧ໪ĻȴƫƫΪҽǵı
Թģ»ĵĻϰף佫Ļģµ쾡£ʷѧõˣƵΪʿ
Ƕ˹ǼΪ԰ģܲԸԼģ˻ĵĻ
ʵҽѧͽ໪ҽ֪ʶֻǶҽѧ粢Ͻˡ
öôһ˵Ķе㲻á
ûбֳȴЦݣǻоŻȡ侫ȥɣǶѧϰĻˣҽûڶƹУҹ֮ңô˵Ǳأ
ž
󻰸˵꣬˦־һ⣬ʵʵĴϡ
ڳΪ֮ɫ
˭Ҳû뵽һԲϣ˦˶⡣
ǶѪˡ
ΧĻרΧȴֹ
磬û°ɣʵŭĵ˳һۡ
˫̥Ӧǳǿңȶ⣬Ϊõͬܡ
˲ǵѪû¡
Ҹ˵ʲôȻ⣿
˵һҽɣô򣡡
ڿ˵ҽǻĵĻøղһƴˡ
һǸⶼûУƳС㣬ܱǸǲٻӭѣ
ΪƳλѵһóǸ
ȻƳʲôҲû˵
Ϊĵ׵ֳ֧
СȰҽһҽ
һŭ⳹ѹ£Ȼûһ¶ò΢ЦƳС㣬ʧˣһĵǹͬӪȫǰʮĻƷƣҽѧ츳ǵƷƸһ¥òǵĻƷȫŮ˶Ϊ֮񣡡
ˣһƳδһƷƣĻƷƳΪȫһ§סƳεʮ˵
Ƴα§סɫ΢΢һ죬ȴϲޡ
Ϊڴ˿ȫˡ
۽һ΢Цı˲ʧӦƳСԼ
֮⣬ֻһƷˣûʸƳ
ƳӦѵ˼ҵ˼
һϣɫЩΡ
ԲƳС㣬ıĻʱǺ
ɲΪνҽֶƻƷܹɹ
ڳ˵ƳεĻƷƳΪȫһǿЦ
ƳβǵȰʱ϶Ѫ޹飬ͻˡ
˼ҴȲι۵Ƴ׼
Ǹ˵ˣƳεҪȥ
ӹһ˿֮ɫںѵƳС㣬ڶ孽״̬ΪһλSͨҹͼı죬ɱ֣ĻҪСһ㡣
ԣЦ
ɲǸƲ磬ʱΪһƶչ
ƳζûлӦ˵λʲôΣյĻԴ绰ңȻǸSͨǿˣҲҪԹƵߡ
ŶΪʲôͷȤʵ
¶֮ɫΪ壬жǿʦʦıӻǸSͨʦУһֻСӶѡ
ʦһĴءг˳ݡ
ҵڴʲôˮƽ
ϷһЦƳ߳зš
һ仰ϲ¶ֲ顣




1360¡а֮
 

磬Ǿ仰ʲô˼ʵ
΢΢ü仰Ҫȥսʦһһţ
磬ѵ
û˵Ļᡣ
ǲǵĿ꣬Ҫ֪ͨҪǹעǸSͨĶ򡣡
Ŀ΢ԲԶһվڵı֡
үʲôԸСܹʾ
ʵǲһһûп˽УʲôϢ𣿡
ʱûС
ڻûشϣŵͨѶͻȻһڵĻ㱨
¶ʮ𾪵ɫ
ô£ͫ΢΢һʵ
ڵͷıүӵϢǸSͨѽУĿǰٷδȷзλͶ򡣡
ǹٷôǸSͨеģ뵽⡣
ٴλشΪӽϿʼеÿȫݲٷЩʿǸְͨҵɱ֡
ŶҲҪ׼ˣϿ֪ͨб׷ǸSͨ٣ץסǸһĻһͣиڴ֮ɫ
壬ɲֻеĶ塣
ǰϿǸSͨڻ㵺ɱʦĵӽҰҡ
׽Ǹͨ׸ʦƾʦڶݵλֵģǼҲˮǴߡ
ڶ季塢ҵϢϢصġ
󲻵üıڳȥѰͨ˸绰еİ
磬ǸSͨǴеϢѾ֪˰ɣѻ֣Ǽһ
󰡣СӵϢһֻͨﴫеһѻû⣬ץа۵ĻһҲҪ㱾үģ
ǵȻˣ磬ƺǸSͨΪаۣҼǵòǴа𣿡ʵ
ٺٵЦⷽϢСӹȻǱȲүڹʰϣѾ˰аԼȥ֪ˣ˵Ǹͨǿүûƺôˡ
ô˵Ӻˡ
ͨ绰ߵıڵ¼ʰһ֮£ȻӴšаΪаۡ
ʵϳƺţ¦ά͸¶ȥġ
лά֤ʰȻҪӣǾͽĳƺŸˡ
¦֮ôΪаƺţΪĳޡ
Գа۵ĳȴҪڶ季а۳ƺҲΪһЦ
Ȼ󿴵аۡʱһ
һùͨҲаۣ
еˣֻǶϵʲʸƻʳƵۣǸͨԳʲôֱۣǶʴ˵£
Ƕ˵ľ꿹սʱڣʿľꡣ
ĸһͨԳΪۣΪǶʵĲ
ӥŮּ𣬶˲Ųκ
⼸칫˾ˣҪж׽Ǹаۣ
˵ţ˸һâ

Ƴ߳з󣬱óֻ򿪵ͼ
ڲʲôƳβԵʵ
һ⸽ûҩꡣ
ƳεĻƷ䷽֮󣬱һ뷨ʵС
ҩʲôѵֱȥҩⵥϵĻƷ𣿡ƳλǺܴģһ¾Ͳµʲô
΢΢һЦûдôҩȫȻ䷽ܲٸĽһ£ֻҪںϳһֻƷɡ
仰Ƴβɵõɴ
лƷЧںϽһֻƷⲻܰɣ
Ļ̫ˡ
ʱ˵ԽãĻƷרңڳǰҪͶء
зĻղ˵ҪƷƳΪһҲ׾١
ǣĿ
Ƴβš
ȻμʶʩչҽϾһ
ô磿ĿƳεĴ۾
˵ȻǷǳаյġ
ܰںȫЧĻƷзֻҪҵҩȫĵ̡
ҲΪ˾ƳδԸ֤󿴣ҽҩзһĻƷ




1361¡ʷ
 

ƳθĽ䷽зƷԳ˵Ҫһʱ䡣
֮Ϳרˡ
ȻзƷҲһµ
֪ҽҲ㻹ô죿Ƴϲ
ܿ죬鵽׷Χһ˽֣Ͼһҽҩá
˲˽֣һҼҵ̹ŵҶǻĺ֣˵ҲǺˡ
Ƴǣ֣߽Ϊٲõҽҩ档
һ˾ͷҩǳ壬ûʲô⡣
̨ǰһʮҵӣ֧ⲿƳνûо
ĳ棬Ĳɵð̾ҽڹǲܴ
һҩĹ˿ͶûУȥŴ󼪡
С󣬹ҩⶼôҵö֮ҽǵ޷ڹƹ㣬ƾԻȫû䡣
ˣһ뷨
ѾԽԽǿڶλã׹еĵв
ǻĹǿ󣬻Ļȴٳ޷ƹ㵽ȫ磬󲿷ֻ֪ѧԺ
ֵط˽һ
ĵŵĻ˵ǷǳСڵĶ
־棬޷ǻΪƹĻľĺȲȱͷˡˡ
õаҽУǧҽѧڻͨҽи֮󣬵ҽȻޱȵ㣬ļжһʷʹ
ǳԼ¶ľģҪҽĻ鲼ȫ䣬ҽҽѧϴʣ
Ƴμзɣʵʲô
ƳΣҽڹ˵û䣬ΪҽߵǣθҽѧһԶּ޵ʷԸЭ𣿡
֣ⷬضࡣ
Ƴδδ¶ɫ
ǲò˵ΪһŮӣһǻѪ
Ը⣡
ԸߵףЭΰ񣡡
Ƴӣ˽ס˫֡
һ룬ͱ䲻һƻա
˰ȳ
Ƴһͬתͷȥֻҩϰ˸Ƿվ˸
ʣղǾһ˿Ļϰ˵ġ
ƳʮĻӦϰ壬ǲûкȾƣҪ˻ҽ
˰ɡϰǲΪȻ˵Ż۾ҽҽҪ縴ˣֵõëû𣿡
ϰǸֱ֮ˣףƳ
ܲķ壬ҪСҺͳرѳ֪˭𣿡
˭ϰƤӶû̧ɢʵ
ƳνĻشǻҽĴˣڻǳƹģһֱ˾ũTVƹҽĻũTV̫ܻˣ
͡
ϰ̲סЦһ
һΪʲôҽţأˣⶼҽƭӸͷҪˣҾǹҽ״ӣ
˵ʲôũTVôûȻ̫ܻôû𵽶
Ƴαϰʵ΢΢һϣһʱ侹ش
ũTVܾǱ߿ݣũTVڸ̫ҵȶֱġ
Ƕߣųҽõ̬ȾͿԿó
ҩſȸҲҽڶûгһӰ
ʱһֱɫƽĳˣϰ壬Ϊҽ޿ȣ
Сֵܣ˵ʵҾѧҽģܿҽҪȻҾͲ￪ҩˡϰ˵һЩҽûǲʵҽβַҽȽЧҲǲʵҪڽ̸ǵĵ
ǺǣҿɲôΪ
˫֣ڵ˼ȻͣĿⶨڵϰϡ
ҽδִֻĸ꣬мܾѧϰҽ
Щ̺ҽżۻҵҩƣȰһˡ
ѧϰҽԽԽ٣ûй߷֣ƭӰܻҽҽнϴЩҽѧҽ޼˾棬ŵҽû䡣
ҽǳ׶˴УֻҪЩҽԸŬѼʮꡢʱ䣬ҽ֪ʶڸˣҽȫǿʵֵʷ񣡡
ⷬõϰ岻סˡ
˿һʱȣǵûͦԶ
ɲᱻ仰򶯣عҡҡͷ




1362¡¶һ
 

뷨Ǻ顣
ϰ֮ҡͷΪΪѧҽˣ޼˵˭г뷨
һСᣬܻΪһѪڡ
Ͻ뷨̫ʵˡ
ˣ֪ľҽԺ𣿡ϰͻȻʵ
΢΢һܵȻĻشȻ֪ôˣ
ղ˵ҽмϴʵҽľһֱҽԺһѵ֤ҽһҽ̩ɽԺѸҽһˣհԺ
𾩳ҽԺ˵ʲôٴʵ
ϰСӲϣϾ̫ˣ̾Ϣ˵ҵ˼˵ҽԺԺ޷ҽձҵôҽ
ϰ壬㻹֪ɣʵǳͽܣ
Ƴεȵϰ˵꣬ڱﲻסˣ˵Ϣ˳
ϰһȻȻһЦСҿֹЦԺ˻ҽ˭ʸʦ
Ŷûʸأȡ룬лһµĻߣŵ⡣
һ֣ϰ峹׵ľˡ
һ룬ļƲסĲ
Ƴοóϰ˿̵飬˼㡣
ҡûۻɣ
ղʩչģǲǴ˵йҽɵĹʮ룿
ϰ壬ϲˣƳ֣Ц
ȻõȷеĴ𰸣ϰ廹ţܰɣҽɴƳͶϴˣΪʲô㶮ùʮ룿
΢Ц
ʮ룬˵ֻǻˣʩչҲûʲô˲ġ
Ȼڵϰ忴ʮǻҽϵĹ屦
֮£ϰеʵλѧùҽɵĶ
ʣǰλˣǹҽɵִ˰˵ݣ˵ҪҽһҲš
ҽɶѧҽ˵൱ϵ۶һһĴڡ
Խǲ𣬵ϰԽǾãǹҽִûˡ
˵ϰæƹ̨ߵǰ¶羴ڴ֮ɫ
ϰ壬ôʵҲʮŶƳЦù룬Ū
ϰٴδס
ΪƳεʩַͳղһޣ
ѵŮһλҽִˣ
ƳȷʵȫʮںϹͨˣǳڵѧϰġ
Ƴȴ˵ǹҽɴˣΪʮʵǴλаҽ
Թҽǳʦֶѡ
ʮ룬ֱǲŰ˵Ժоʮ꣬ûѧʮأϰһһէ˵̫ˡ
Ŀƽ˵ѧʮҲ㲻ʲôֻҪעũTVѧᡣ
ģϰ
ҽɵĶڶôôˣ
ͨۿֱѧᣬ˶ʮ룿
ƳЦϰ壬ŵĻҴֻ㿴
˵ŻóֻũTVappȻֱ֥䡣
ֱһҽʩչʮβԱߴֵ˶Ἰ֣һ߽ҽʩַϰ峹ʯ
һ̣֪ÿ޻ǸЦ
ǹʮ䣬ôѧᣬôҽˣȷʵǳ˵Σ
λղʧˣҽҲΣϼ˫ɴģʶλǻҽѧ߲
ϰ壬ֶҩɼȰҽ
ƶʡϼŵϯҽʦҽƳΣҲϼŵġƳμҽһ¡
ҲεͷԴǳϿҵ˵ұѶҽģڿλԼֱҽùʮ룬ҽȷʵˣǳԸΪĺҵṩһ΢ĩ
ϰһȳ֮ģҲԭղŵ
ҽصԶϰģ԰ڶƹҽĻСӼʶǻҲڴзչһҽ
Ҳԣ¶ɬ飺⣬ôãûй˿ͽҩҽڶʵ̫ܴˣƹûôס
㲻õģа취
˵ţһҩ֡
ȸһݵ顢ơɲݡ㡢޻½ĩңÿҩ⡣
ҪҲβԡ
΢΢һЦʵҪҩƷȻԴΪԵۣʱƷȫУô֪ҵĻƷҩģǾͻΪҽ𺳣




1363¡
 

Ҳļƻɵôһ
Ϊļƻ˵δ̫򵥣̫˳ˡ
ǰλǹҽִ˺ˣƷһ¡
˵úҴеĻƷһȻ޷Ҳŷ
ϰ壬ȸץҩҪڽ㶨Ʒ顣
Ϊ컪Ǳߣʱܷٵ
˳ҲʱûƷȻǵһҪ¡
ڳȫƻУȻ٣ָʵ֮󣬾ͿȫͶ븴ҽʷʹ֮ˡ
Ҳλعæһҩġ
ûз䣬ҪҩƳΰһҩİõȻֿҲʵ
һҲָָһСš
һ£ϰԵƬ̡
ƷʱõƳον
Ҳζ˵ϾֻƼˮ꣬ǲҲοʩչĳ档
˭֪ҩϰ壬᲻͵͵ٱ
Ϊڶ孿Ǵڶ״̬ٱ뾳ĲʿһʵԻø߶
뷿󣬳ţɨӷһȦûͷŷĵƳεҩķ
ֻȡЩ䷽еһЩҩƷܴﵽֻƷںϵЧ𣿡ƳμҪ͵ƷǾʮֲ˼顣
ССķһƷûС
ƳεЦЦǻҽֶΣֻҪҩúãʲôƷЧںһ𡣡
ԭҪƳθо档
ΪˣƳδ󻤷ƷԵҩ̬֡
󲿷ֻƷʲô¶Һˮ˪֮ġ
һƷͿϣѵĵҩʱҲͿϣ
Ƴ붼еŹ֡
һŵҩƷŵгϣ˻
ں˼ҲûãƳε֮УѾӳϵ档
ÿοʩչƳζúܲʵ
֪ǳܡ
ҰҩĶȥ˵ţϵһҩİֱӶϡ
Ƴδһ£еæҵһҩİѧųӶϡ
ܿ죬һҩƮСƳζ̲ס˼¡
㰡
ƵǻƷǿԳԵĵҩ𣿡
֪ˡƳεһʶݸһЦȻ˸ӡ
棬һ㶼ľڵˮ׼ľҲԽƵ÷ǳ
ʮ֮󣬳涸Ȼһ׶ߣȻ󽥽Ϩ
ƳΣøװҩģˣ
ôһ˵ƳæңĿһɨһ߷һҩУù򿪡
һʮŽϾͬĵҩ׼ޱȵƳϵĿҩС
ƵĻƷƳεͷһʮŵҩɢ΢΢Щ
̫ˣ
΢ЦӦ˵ǹͬƳĻƷΪҵУǴ䷽ϵġ
ЩҩĹЧôأƳηǳ档
ܴ쾪ϲ
ȲЩνĻƷҩЧжôˡ
ԳһԡЦŹ
Ƴαҩջܲˣһ̽ȥ
óԣͺɿ
ǹɿζġԤƳλ˵
֮ԽҩɿΪŮϲľɿ
һƷǵЧڣɿζǸöôŮϲ
˵У季ȫŮˣΪ֮
ȻĿǰȰѴΪԵ㣬˳üʶһ£ҽֶĻƷ˾ĻƷҪðٱ
Ƴγȥ֮ԭƤͷǳõøˮϸ塢Ửˣˣޱȡ
ǳԼƳεݹССһѡ
Ƴοı飬ҲóһױСգķһۣ̾ҵƤʮ
Ȼǿŵ˵ƳεƤȷʵ֮ǰ˺ܶࡣ
ȻƳƤ覵Ů˵ҩЧûôԡ
ƳΣƤ̫ˣǳȥõϰһԡ
ĻƳεͷҩ߳С䡣
Ҳû뵽ôͳˣ漴ŵһıǵҩ㡣
ĻƷôҽѧĵҩƳҩһſͬСҩ裬Ҳκ⡣
֮ǰҲƳһΪôҩģŪɷĩ״ԷͿ




1364¡յ
 

ҽֶƷ߼ҲõķȻϹŵЦ⣬һŵҩݸҲΣϰ壬һŰɣƤʮꡣ
ҳԣҲһ㶡
Ƥȷʵ̫ãʮвˣһ˰ߡ
ǼԷǹҽִˣʮƳĵҩܳ
ôҩĻһȻ˱ǣʵϺ˵ûиá
ƳοҲβ̫ģȻһЦϰ壬Ҹղųһˣ㿴Ƥʮǰ˺ܶ࣬㲻õģһ
Ƴôһ˵Ҳβŷ֣ƯСƤȷʵȸղŸйˣȻױЧá
Ž֮£ҲҧҧɴȥˣԴ΢һ̧ҩȥ
ҩ븹ҩʼӣҲεƤۿɼٶȣƽɫҲ˺̶ܶ࣬һڣ˵Ƥ˶ʮ꣡
ʵƵֵҩЧǰƵƻشЧ֮ͬ
ֵֻҩûƻشǿ塢ٵЧרע޸Ƥ˥ϣƫ򻤷
Ƴο־ϲæѾӷŵҲǰϰ壬쿴Ƥһƶûˣ
ҲοԼʱ¶޷ŵɫ
ֵҩҲδ̫˰ɣ
˵ɵΪ
Ҳǳ׵ĶԳķڷˣҽÿһˣȻҽţҽڣȫ⣡
ʵҲǹҽɴˣӵĹʮ룬ֻһŻˡ
ǵаҽȻϡʲôҽɵ˵š
һ䣬ȡ룬ʩ룬ַ֪ȹʮ¶ٱ
ҲοĿɿڴиޱȼɫ
ֱ似
ûۿַβҲȻŹʮԶԶȲ
ʲôľȻбȹʮ𣿡
ȻΪɽ룬֮⣬ûҽܹѧûᡣ
Ķɽ룬Ҫתʩչ
ʹƳˡ
ɽ룬֣һٵĲ˶ܾȵûҲһĤݳ֮ɫ
һЦĬ˶ɽ档
νɽ٣ǰﲡ֮˶ɹ٣
ǸҩȡһְɡƳС죬Ȼǳ˷ܡ
ͳͬƳǿƷ
ȻҪȡһ֣ȫ硣
ԳЦͽյ
յƳһʱûӦ
ЦյˣƤƳãƷѴˣȡеʲ
ƻһвҩ֣ŻƷвҩġ
ǣƷҪģֻҵôУƳθое㲻˼
ʵ֪ԼĹͲֻҪԸоҪοĻƷ䷽ҲֵܽҩƳ
˵оСǴһ˿ԵƳηˣϰɹյҩģٿţڵſ
ٿţƳκҲζһ
һʱ䣬Ƴôյ
Ƴǵĳ̫󣺡᲻̫ˣ
ûϵзִ硣һյһߵȴ컪ǱߵϢ
׷١ⷽ棬רҵԻԼֵµ˳ȥ٣͸ͷӬûʲô
컪ɣлʸЩȫ˺ܶ˹孡
ǧڶ孶ҲĻ˵ٺܿܲڶ孡
ҲβɹҩģյʱʱĿֻûϢ
ý컪֧ȥ壬Ӧý֮ھµϢ
컪ʲô˿Ļͻ̷ϵ飬Ϲȥ뽯컪غϡ
ǣ컪Ϣûȵȴһ΢š
Ҳˣ
ҪģΪ˵ĳϴθµĻ޷ʱԮ
ִҪ۹季±ᰡ
֪˹䣬ʵѾһأ˾һء
飬Ѿأ죬ѧʦֵ¶߲С
ȥĻʸǶأһȥҲء
ĽܿͿԸϻʸˡ
˵ڵ飬ǳİ֮һ
季Ҳûʲôһ΢Żظ鵽˴кҲεҩ
û뵽ոսУ˼Σա




1365¡
 

лѾΪ孹ٷصܵĿꡣ
ƽʱҪϸöࡣ
һϴ˹һϴ˹˶װ·ɻȥ
鲻ͨŮӣԶҪһѶֻװ
֮߳ͷΧЩԾ
Ⱥ֮УȻϢ쳣
䣬ӦǰǿܹоЩɢϢΣա
ͨЩɫĿ⡢̲ɱĲжϳÿϣ϶ոʮϵ
ȻЩ˶ͨÿ˵Σգ˵ȴʲô
µĴȺ׼ǰһȥһƳ̳
ͻȻ֮䣬ΧĿ·һ㣬Ϊ֮һ䣡
ü΢תͷĳ
ǸһаĻӣһϿţ΢΢ͷһֺֻαϣԵãЩ˿ܻװ
ĿתϣΧЩϢΣյǵעҲȥ
ԻȺеЩʿ˵ڳϵӾԲװʾƣ
ΪͻȻͷųŨɱԵľڳвʿ
ôظڳ˻ȴųɱˣʵ̫̫ˣ
ιװʲôưһεİ׳ӣܵƵɱ̲סŭˡ
׳ȻҲǸӲɫڵ߹ȥһѰסаӵļ
һĻ鵹ǲ뿪ˣȤĿⳡս
ΧЩϢΣյĲʿܿܶΪǧԪͽ׷ɱְҵɱ֡
Ȼĸ²ʱΧϷĲʿԼַŵ󣬻ŵװڶŵ¿㶵
ֶֻҪ桢ۼ˶ó׼ǹ
еѲ߾ӣҲע⵽Ծ
СӣΪҲ֪иʲô𣿿ϧǧֻӲõõȥɣ׳жݺݵвͬʱаӼϵƣȻ
Ȼаӻûκα仯˵Ϊʹˡ
ð׳ʮֲ졣
һܽ˵ļιֱӰϣӵļô˼Ӳ
ʲôס֣Ѳ߶ӶӳʮԱܹ
׳вɵ¶ɼɵ֮ɫ
ʹ˷֣ôͬǰˡ
ǲֵĻѲ߶Χסʣܾһ޷ڻɱаۣõǧ͡
ֻж̶ӵȨʱ䣬׳ǧ͸Ҫ
ѵһͬУɱа۵ȣ
뵽ԼܿͿԸɵаۣ׳ֵ˲䣬ϲԾĸһ˿֮ɫ
СӣʱƽϣҸɵаۣˣ
𣿡ϵаӣͻȻԼٶȣס׳ջȥơ
׳гʹ֮£ʹ
оԼƱаһ󣬶챻ˣ
ſӣ軹ˮѲ߶ץס𣿡
Ǻǣڱаǰ孵Ѳ߶ʲô
аǹһϷʵĻȣȻ󻺻վȫ
һ˲֮䣬ЩԭͻϵĿ⣬ñɱ
鶼̲ס΢΢һ
ӣȻԳаۣ
аۣ׳ʹԾе
û뵽˵ааۣȻĿŵĳڴлԼѲ߶ӵǰ
δ̫޷ˣ
Ҳǳа۵
ϾԺΪˣǲܵģ
׳ףΪʲôղһûааӵļιǡ
˼ҿаۣҪǱһͰϹͷ񲻳Ц
ҲԶԶֵǧˣ
ڳְҵɱ֣аӵĿ⣬̰
ֻҪȡǰ˵еаǧ㹻ңһˣ
˾ڳô֧Ѳ߶ӣЩְҵɱֻǺԥͳǹ׼аһ
̬չȤʮ鶯ߵһ䣬뿴ǸԳа۵аӣʲôͼж͡
˫ַŵԴ桢̶ȥѲ߶ӳһӢһ˦ŵܹ
аۣ·㲻ߣҴǰɱͽ𣡡׳ΪͣҲǳ׻ȥˡ
һȣһֻͳһѷ̹ľ
Ȼϴ˾綾
Ѿаȴǲм֮ɫ
Сɫаۻ




1366¡һа
 

аӻ˵꣬׳еľţźݺݴ䣡

ۿ㶾ҪаӣͻȻ֮䣬һξ֮䱬
ξŤһϸ֣׳ҲξײúɳȥˤһϣѪ磡
ڳȫôסˡ
аۣȻ鴫
ְҵɱ֣ȫûаӵĳٶȣֻʵ׵İ׳бֱɱ
ʦ鰵Բ²
аɱ׳еĶ˿壬ȴǿ
ǳʦš
ȴЩϸ΢Ĳͬ
׳ѪѲ߶ɽаӳȥ
а־ͽһоԱɡ
ȻɨȫȻôλ季Ҫȡҵͷǰ
аۣΪʲôôţǿȫAϵɱ֣һְҵɱʮּɵʵ
Ϊа۵ľٶʵ̫ˣڴл֣ⲻ孹ٷɱΧ
ϴаۿڸٷΧ£ս
ôһλ
аӲмЦаɱSкüƾЩAɱ֣˵˱а۷ֺ
飡
һְҵɱͻȻ䲻Ŀǹһֳּɫӵаӵĺԡ
аӽһһץͽӵץ
һڳְҵɱ֡
ڳĶͬУ˭֪Aϵɱ֣ӵͨӵȫܹͬԸߵġ
ȴаۡ赭дץס
û˸ˡ
һȺаЦʮĲһ
ڿȥˣɲðƻܻ
׼ȥҴаʱڻ߽һĸߴòӢꡣ
˺Ÿ˵һǸѪ
˫ֲ˵߽ӡ
ιվסӱаǲǣаĴЦȴѪƻ¡
ͨҲͰˣаӲ࿴һۡ
ƫƫѪ߽һ˲ı˻ա
·һͳ˽㡢ǣȡйâаӵȻǳˬ
ѪʳָͶ䣬û˯һʵ˵ʲô
軹װûǲǣа۹£а˲ðɡ
ֻӱˡƱˣðôһ֪ôС֣
ѪĵһʮߵĻɫҲðаۣ
Ѫ仰ڳְҵɱ档
а˲еˡ
㡢ô֪ҵԣӾǰаۣһСָɱаۣ𣿡
ˣʦʦսǻɱڶʮ¬
ѪϹϷʵЦ⣬˵аӵʵϢ
綥ְҵɱ֣߰ϵĸ֣Լʵݡ
ڻѪ˵ЩϢ֮ǰڳְҵɱ֣ûһ˽аӵʵϳ
аǰʮߵġְ֮ҵɱɴ۾
ԭ˲аۣ
ôΪʲôҪڴлԼаۣ±˲֪һ
аӣҲǳԽԽǾŭɵúָŻѪʵ˭Ϊʲô֪ҵʵݣ
仰ǳԼˡ
ԽԽȤڸȤģǸѪ
ֻѪǻĿڵ˭һðƻǰ˭
е֮ɫԽԽҲԽԽ
孼ðаۣΪаۺܿѾڸսˣ֮ǰ˵а۸ֻķųϢĵġ
ԳĴţΪµаۣܵõȫĹע
ֻҲû뵽ոյװһƣаۣ
ڳɱҲǾɲôðһаۣ
ѵˣôԱ孹ٷְҵɱΧ
ֻɵӲŻôǲҪˡ
ȻѪǴ˵еаۣôȷʵеĿŵĳڴл
ԣ㲻аۣаǻˣǻѪ
ͻȻ˻Ѫһ
һ󣬳¶׺֮ɫˣүǰɣǾͳһүȭ
ۿ˫ȭ˲粨ưһ㵴ѪȴǴݲȣȫûѳ
˭˵аǴ˵ģ
Ѫ껰һ䣬˫ȭѵ
ࣵһѹСΧڵĿȻըѣ




1367¡Ѫʵ
 

ʮߵĸָһУƷͬ졣
ѪȴһҲûѳȭͷ£ֻһָڳȭ֮ϡ
˻
ɫ˲˽֮ƽؾ磬Σеϰ׳еʬ壬ȫɳȥ
Ҫ֪ĽΣǹ̶ڵϵġ
׳еһʮϡ
ɫɳȥˡ
սְҵɱǽһ󻬳ײվ塣
ֻһȵվԭأ߸β
ɫɢ֮󣬳ŵĿǰĻѪꡣ
Էһָ͵סĹƣ
Ǻεȿֲ
һ̣еţѪпܾаۡ
ǰĻ᲻࣬ݳԼ֪֮⣬ȷǻֻаۡ
һǱڣ
ŭӵĳ˫ȭ߸߾϶Ѫͷ䡣
ٴηӿݣ˫ȭУͬӱ뺣վԶְҵɱǶое
˾˵ƣڵϣҳһӣ
壬ܹʽ
˶ΪѪݱܷâʱѪȴһ˿ŵЦ⡣
һٸһϣаۺξ֮У
ŻѪƽƽһС
Ӳס˳ľСڡ
ӿڵɲǼ侲ֹˡ
һ΢綼о
޷Ƶӿֿ־֮顣
аۣʵ̫ɲˣ
Ȼ˼αУͱѪΪȭһȭؿڣ
ղŰ׳бɵһĻڳݡ
ѪһȭɱȳղŴ׳еǼȭˡ
ײɴĺüӣˤڵء
ײһ·ĵ𻨣컨ʯѣŵÿɢӣΧա
ʰꡰѪ֣Ȼɨڳڶְҵɱһۡ
һϰɣԥʲôа۵ͷǼֵǧ𰡡
ɱ˭Ҳҵһ֡
ʱӽ߳˪ĳ˲аۣǲҪƭˣ
վӢŮְҵɱǲɵôһ
Ư
ǳϲԣɱֵеĳЩ˶ȥڨһˡ
Ѫô˵ɫȻʮֵ΢΢һЦλŮ˵Ҳаۣѵʶа𣿡
ҡ鱾شʶġ
뵽季˶ȡ
͸¶Լʶ϶ᱻڶְҵɱ׷٣ҳλá
˼һתĿڵֻ֪а۾ԲǻѪͳĻˡ
ǺǣŮ˵ǣղųѾ˵ˣȻ˭ûа۵Ŀƾʲô϶а۲ǻѪأѪʼձŶɵɫ
ְҵɱǿȷʵҪаۼĳǿ߲ӵС
һѪղһɱʮߵĳҲм١
ɱԥʱǵ߳һƤĻͷӡ
Ӿһŷ˵߶ͷۿ߱һɫӡ
һӢʽӢ˵λѣҽһ£ҽаͼڰʮиССĽ飬Ǻβһ֣ϷǧأаǿҲֵܵסôֵĹ
˰ͼҽܣɱٴ¶֮ɫ
һλǰеǿߣ
ͼڵʮȳ߳ĸλ
ʮĸ֣Ȼ޷аȡ
ôˣͰͼֲһˡ
ν϶Ҳҧ
Щһĥɱ˼ְҵɱǰѵаۻ޵˲ɣ
뵽һɱֵ˵ͷͬͼ顣
ɱֵ֮䣬ͬһ
ͼڶɱִһ£ĬĬȥ
Ȼмںͱ֡
ЩֻɱѪ꣬Ҳʡһ
ϾѪȷʵʵס
û֣ȷѪʵжǿ
ͼ˵ӥʿͷΣȴôɱһԸңĺʿ񰡣ѪЦŷ̵
ߣԸֹͨҪʲôʿ񣡴һϣ
ͼһ˫ȭϱҫ۵ǿ⣬Ѹƥĳ˹ȥ
ְҵɱ׷ǹӵסѪȫλ

ѪҡҡͷɫȻһصһ̤
Բʮ׵ĵ棬ѪһŲȵ˲ѣ
Ѻγһž޴֩
ԻѪΪĵ㣬һȦ޿ɵǿ˷ɨȥ׵İͼεѪģֱɣǽҳһӡ
ְҵɱǸоؿһƣ·һξ޴һɵͬʱѪ
һĻһ˫ɵ΢΢ɴ
ѪʵǿΪ֮𾪡




1368¡а
 

֮ǰѪһɱ黹ûʲôҲ׾ٵ
ǻѪһŲڵϣƾɱ˰ʮİͼԼʮְҵɱֲ֣̫ˣ
ϻѪһУ޷
λŮڣ㻹ΪҲа۱𣿡Ѫ߽µСʯͷЦʵ
ҡҡͷ㲻аۡ
ȤѪû뵽ԼչǿʵŮǹִΪаۡ
ͺ˼ˣ
ʲôԭλŮΪأ
ڻѪһʱͻȻһĿЦ
аҲһͬɵӰӣԼٶȴܽεòƬƬѡ
һƣȻҲһλǿߡ
Ŀ¶ɣһССĴлΪʲô᲻ϵĳǿߣ
˵ʵƺҲ֮µӡ
ԭΪأ׽˳ûǶ֡
ȴû뵽һ季λС
ѪЦ¶һ˿εɫҽԳа۵ðƻˣ
Сӣ˵аðƻĸУ޴ĺӰڻѪǰ֮
һָ׳󺺣ɶɵǣҲǻᡣ
ѪЦЦ壬㶼ʮ˰ɣ仹ԳаۣƭС𣿡
˭˵аǸˣ׳˶󺺺һ漴ַһףô£аۻû֣ЩСӾ͵ˣ
壬ԼЩְҵɱǱа۽ġѪȻ
׳˶һŭӿðƻð䱾аɱˣǲǣ
ҵǺܺ棬ðаۣʲôôΪ˳ҪˣѪЦ
ԭһֱ󣬹Ц⣬ʲôνӡ
ͻȻͷˡ
óѪǶаźܲͷ
СӣƤˣñа֤һʵ԰ɣ׳˶¶Ц⣬ȫðɱ˲¶轵ʮȡ
׳˶׼ʱ۽⣬ͻȻԶվһӢȻĴŮ
ƯŮ޶׳˶󺺶ʱ˫ð⣬»Ѫ꣬߹ȥ
Ѫ״Ц壬ôɫ˼ðа𣿡
ѵ֪аŮʶҲð䱾аۣһŮվ㶼޶ԣ¶˰ɣ׳˶˵꣬Ц
׳˶߹Դڳһȭܡ
Ǹ书Ů޶аϲִģ׳˶Ȼף߹ǹƣݲаС
¡һһ㣬׳˶󺺳ˣ
һֻƣɽĹؼλ
оƷ棬ɫһ䣬һˣתȻ˫ĳ׳˶󺺸նһƣ
ͣϢ׳˶һδˣȴ
˫ǿһζƾͷֳ˸ߵ͡
˫ƼǰӹһĨ죬׳˶һƱƵһ˿ҡ
ŮҿɲŶϾһֱаۣܴҵİѪںϷʵĿڵ
׳˶󺺴һа۱죡
аˣڣΪҲʶ𣿰ڰˣƣô˵Ҳǰǰʮģôܵðаۣ
Ѫ꿴׳˶󺺳ֵһ˲䣬жϳ׳˶󺺵ʵݡ
׳˶󺺣ҲڣѪ仰תСӣ˭Ȼ֪ҳΪаǰݣ
ڣװΪаǰҪаۣ˵ڸˣѪЦһĺܺ棬һðаۣǵͼʲô
㲻Ҳðаۣͼʲôڿɲ׻ʻȥ
ѪЦЦҺǲͬѡ
ƨӰŮշˣɱСӣҾ˳аۣ˵ţ˹ȥ
ΪʵȻѪҪһЩȻ˵
ѪŮ˵ˡ
ھκ˰˫Ʋϴ˸һԼԼ׵磬Ƶ鲻Ϻˣ˫Ĺѧȫʹ
ڰ˵Ĵ֣ƺ̺׵֮ͬǰ˹һ
ֻ˹ƿصţܵһ֡
ƫѧ
鲻ɵò룬ѵҲǹߣ
Ů书ϧƣһͬ졣
ԭĲһ˫ƣĺ
һͨ˶ĤѡѪֻƺһѾġ
Ǳһ¶
˫۷ǹ⣬һֻץͻĲλ




1369¡
 

ڵץ߷߽ӣ֪ԼѸһУ
ǱһǸλԻᷢͬھ
ʱһֻ˵ֳڵм䣬ڵ֡
˶ȥ
סŲ֮󣬲ſֵˣȻǸصĻѪꡣ
Сӣһаۺ£־ŭ
ǣû뵽Լ־ڱصõһУᱻղŻʮ׿ĻѪ굲
ŭǣΪ˻Ѫּ𣬲ͻȻ͵Ϯǿߵ
Ѫ껹ǳϵĳˡ
ڣڴѲ߶лȷҪһսһͬ붫孹ٷΧˣ
ѪɲٺڷϻȥںڵľƱ仯
孹ٷͿ˶״̬ȸ׼ӳ֡
ּǿߣԴѲ߶ӣҪݱܷâ
һݣҲʶһ㡣
ΪʱѾһˣŵĳְҵɱ⣬лѲ߶ӡ
﷢飬϶ϱ˶孹ٷ
ʱɲֹеѲ߶ӣ學صĹٷװ߸
СӣаպȡϹͷӵĺȵ
Ѫ겻мһЦڰˣûֵ֪ʸ񣡹
а۵ţͬһֻһȫڴȥ˲ʧڻѪ֮С
һ
ǿߴѹ̫ˡ
һѪղŵһδȫ
ʵס
лл鲢С˻Ѫİϵĵһл
ѪƺһƵģæ˼鱣־롣
ȿȣ㲻лңֻǿɫǶѡ
ûѪľٶеŹ֣ƺΪŮˣ
⡣
Ϊ֪Уһǿ߲¶̬
鱾ΪѪְǶͼ
ȴǿ
԰ָƣܷһʵݣһ˫峺Ĵ۾ֱӻѪʵ
Ȼ֪ѯʶԷʵݣһּɻ䡣
ǰѪͼܿйأ̽
Ĵ۾Ѫ꾹е㲻֮ӡ
ǺǣŮʼղҾа۰
ƺ׵ʲôˡ
ʵҵǲ㣬ҵʵݡ
ŮӦʶаǸһģҳְһεķϣϣܰҴһ仰ѡ
Ѫô˵΢΢졣
Ϊ孵ĸ֣ǳĵˣΪǧͶ
ȴû뵽ǰǿߣȻͳѡ
ҿ԰孼ðаֻۣΪ˺а۽𣿡ʵ
ѪһЦҵȻΪаǸһص季зǳҪҪڼðаۣղѾ˵ˣֻΪѣȻҺܲˬаƺţǸˬЩûʵðа۵
ô˵㻹а۽ѵЩðƻллŶ¶һЦ
Ѫ꿴齿ζ˵ЦݣǲԾ˺벽ЦжƵġ
Ů뿪ɣѲ߶ӰΧˣ
ҲӦͷͻѪһ˸ȫڣÿ֮뿪
Ѳ߶ӵŲ飬˵ͬ衣
λٴθлղžңǽ벻ҪҡĿŻѪ˵
Ѫæ֣ôܸŮˣƯŮ˰ݰݣ
˵꣬ѪͻȻʧԭأΧ·һ
֪Ѫ겢ͻȻʧԼٶ뿪ˡ
ĵײɵһ˿˿ܸС
ΪѪ꣬ٶȣǿ١
Ϊ䣬Сϵĸ֡
ǿǲԻС
Լ季ˡ
ظ֣ԼȻǶ֣ѳ
еǳֵǣѪƺǳųŮˣղǸٶȺͲԶߡ
Լĺᰡ
ųˣѵѪ᰻ƵĹֲųŮˣ
뵽ݸһЦ
ǸѪͳѵĻһǲв
˼ߵ·һƳ̳Ķλ˾͵Ҳεҩꡣ
·ϣֳֻϢ
ΪûڳԤƵʱ䵽Գǲǳʲô顣




1370¡
 

µţܿ촫С
ҩĳƳζ֪ˡ
鷢ĻظŰյ
ʮӺ鵽ҩ꣬ûͿſڰһľϵҩһſͬСҩ衣
Ƴξľ棬¶ϲվ飬ûʲô°ɣ
û£ƳΣʲôʵ
ƳεһŵҩŵǰЦĵҺͳͬƵĻƷյһԣƤʮŶ
յҩ֣鲻֪Ϊʲôеġ
Ȼ֪ƳκͳĹϵǳܣ孿϶ǿһ䷿˯ġ
˹ͬƵҩƳе񾭴Ҳɵһ˿Ľͼʡ
ȻֳǻһЦƷȻɵҩӣЧôԡ
ӹƳеյһڷ£ԭΪ̫䡢еСɫƤۿɼٶȱˮ۵ͬӤ
龪ϲԼգѿڶƳΣͳȻƳЧôĻƷ
飬ƤñһˣΪ㾭˶ųأ³´лҲܿ죬յҩЧպܺá
Ƴ߹ֱŮӶЦ
ƳΣյҩſڣ˽𣿡
ôһʣƳεͷ
Ұɡ
˵䣬Ҳ߳˿һòƳ֮µŮæк
ôƤرõĴŮյõȥˡ
Ƴεľգһ·ˡ
飬ûʲôҪ¸˵յҺϰͺˡƳλǺƽġ
ڶյ˵ҪǶԳ˵ҪĻһ١
ҲģƳεͷȻ߽ҩ棬Сſš
ҿԽ𣿡
ɡ
Ļش򿪷ţһһֻֿϢ
ٵ𣿡һʡ
ҡҡͷʱûУЩ˴ǧˣɢڶ學Удһǧˣص壬ϣ֮ܵµϢ
ҪҪҰæ飿季Ϊ˸ǡ
΢΢һЦ飬ллصظ季ǻȵȽ컪ϢɣݺҲȽС
Ǻðɡ֪ҵר컪ǰ㵺Ȼḻöࡣ
˳ڻּðаۣһû͸¶ݵĻѪ꣬˵Ҫ㽻ѡ
Ŷ飿иȻ֮ɫ
Щðаۣʲôô
Ҫ֪ڸʱҲⱩ¶ݣֻΪ˸߶Զڴͥ¶ġ
ڶ季Ȼкüðݵļаۣڴл֣
벻ףЩʲôͼ
һбض孹ٷصˡ
ʲôж϶ܵһţֻҪԼڸûʲô⡣
ֻҪԸ⣬ʱضԼݣԼԭȵݱǶǡ
ڷhݳϾùУֳ˿
齫飬ϸ˵һ顣
˵ǸѪоֹʱ΢΢һ
ѪΪȤðа۵Բͬƺͼıֻѡ
ڻѪ˵ҪѣʱҲûһ£ǿߵƢԶǷǳŹֵģ˵ʲôʱͻı뷨
ڳڷʱſڵƳӭ˵һ˿͡
ûҽĶƷյֻҪһţʵлƷĹЧĻƷȲյĹЧһֻʮԪϰҲŵܵ
ʮԪԼһҡ
ǳļ۸
ԭƳκҲζ̫߰ˡ
ȻյĹЧǷǳ棬綥ƷĶۣһԪǷǳ
ǱϾյûȥһоһңԻ˿ֹ
ɳǼһյһң⻹ŻݼۣǰһٿŲС
һٿ֮󣬼۸ʮһʮ
׬СӵǮһ㶼ѾˣյֻҪŵһʮ򣬺ῼǼ߼۸
ֻлĹڣܶŻݼۡ




1371¡Ҳһ
 

ƳζԳûֻǵһʼȥ
ȻҲεıۣΧ۵·˷׷ҡͷ
̫ˣ
˾ĻƷô󣡡
ҩģ˻᲻
·˵ߴҽ֮Աǡ
ҩ궼ûʲô⣬˵Щҩģ
λ˿ͷģҺλյС㶼ѾùˣǿԿҵƤǰ˺ܶ࣡Ҳæ͵
·ָҲε۷׷ףȷʵһЩ¶˾֮ɫ
ҲȷҲǲ֮ǰƤܲ
ۿЩ·˻ǰŰɣƳ̲סڵλ˿ͣǲŵĻ뿴ҵƤҸղŷһյͼӰЧҲԵ£ûЧҲһǮ
Ƴεⷬ˵һȺ·Щˡ
ΪƳεƤʵ覣гʹգ
಻ƤôãôܴﵽƳЧ
ȻŮĵĵ˵յе㹦Ч
Ҿ㵱ȥһ㹦ЧĻҲýǮ
뵽м·ǰһԾԾԵӡ
һȾžƺɫͷŨױĨĶ孲ŮʵһŸң
ƳοװеСã΢΢һЦһյ˹ȥ
Ů۲һ£ֻҩͨ崿ףͬ飬ɢζɿʮˡ
̲סһˮҪյȥ
һŷɻͷСװ¶ظСͻȻ߹ֹ
СмװͶصͬΧ
⼸С궼Ƕ孽ͷĻ졣
ӣҳԽֱĶɻͷȰ˵
ŮͣɻͷԣƫҪԡ
ҪĻƷ
ɻͷ仰ܵһ㱩
ҶΪǴУǾ仰ֱӴ㣬Ǿ
ɻͷҲҶԾӷ𣬶תͷװݺݵӣƳ˵λ㣬ҪǾӳǵĵҩĻҾҵ꣡
ƳȻ̫孻Ƿɻͷ仰ев֮⣬׾˳
Ůѳ԰ɣյûκθá
˦ɻͷ֣յһȥ
˵Ŀȫ۵ϡ
һ־ҹŮȦഺ۴̡Ѫ˿С
һյ¸ӵƤۿɼٶȱã
ȦˣഺҲ֮ˣ̶һڣƤð͸죡
ı仯̾
Ӽ˿ޱȾ棬ƳηϵСӣԼ
ʱλŮ¼ϲᣡ
յĹЧʵ̫ˣ
ʮԪ󣬶ļۣ
ϵϲɫܿʧһΪӣӷɫС﷭ңò׷һԪ
ǣǮ͵ת򼸸ꡣ
ɻͷôһȣǮ
˺һź;һճʮԪƳΡ
лл㣬յõĻƷӴ˿ȫûвŮӣǸƳϵĵл
Ҳεķ룬Ƴʮֿļ
һȺ·˷ӵϣ׷ǮкŸҲһյ
˽ϵˣҲҩſڵĶĿ⡣
ôһҩſڣͻȻΧô˿͡
Щ˿ͣһ
·߹
ƳκҲμæˣǮյյ˲ȥһٿţ
˽񵤵Ϣܿ촫ϣиŮ糱ˮһ˽ָ
֪ˣΪа۳ڻ˽֣ٷΧˡ
ͣͣͣһٿźҲæ֣û򵽵Ĺ˿ȥ
ôˣ᲻˰ɣ
ϰ壬ﻹкöأѵ׬Ǯˣ
ҿԼǮң
˿յ׷״ǮͳĳƱʹĻ衣
Ҳٴΰֵǲյһλ˹涨ǰһٿյŻݼۣÿһʮԪ
ʮǮ˿Ƕʱԥˡ
һʮԪɲСĿóһŻƷδЩۡ
ǷңǮ˶ǡ
˶࣬Ҳܶࡣ
Ѿкܶднˡ
ıƿȺһλλ孹ߵҩſڡ
һλλ󸾣໥֮Դڵ⡣
һλȿڣϰ壬жٿյǽȫˣ




1372¡̸
 

ǵյǮľҳ˫ȫ£һλ󸾲ʾĿڵ
󸾷׷ױۣҪ˫۸յ
Χ۵Ⱥڰզࡣ
ϵյعƻٿţҪ˫۸µĻǾǧԪ൱İң
յǽҵģ˭Ҳ׼򣡡һü
ǸľҵĹȴһ㶼ûŵЦһǽʲôҺľյ
Ǽ䣬ڳĴ󸾷׷׶˭ȫش
һȺŮ˳ܣƳһͷ
벻Ҫˣ
ǻΪƳ仰ֹͣתͷ
ƣƳθоԼемܲסˡ
һ뵽Լıᰣᰵ϶ѹסô󸾡
ԼҪúС
ǸҵĹ󸾶ҲκƳΣϸĿڵӦ֪ڴУǽҵжǲȫյңҵͲٿȥˣ
λˣﻹнٿյļòôɣҲЦӦ
Ǯյֿ˻ȴû뵽յ𣬻ˡ
ʲôҡľңСҩ꣬ǲ𰡣
ǸŭЩ󸾵ĻҲκԼĵ̫֮ǰա
¿ǳ鷳ˣ
ÿ󸾶յ鷳ڣ
ҹ΢еϰ壬˼ǲȫյˣ
ҡҲ˼ôˣƽ֣Ҳڴе˽ֿ֪꣬Щмж¡
λǹҽִˣҲȲЩ尡
ϰ壬˵ʲôƽ֮Ĵ̰ȫյңľҹ˵ţʹ˸ɫ
ľҹ󸾵ҲθǾʧ롣
ֻ֪ҪԼӦĻľҵıھҪǿˣ
ƳҲһ㣬鼱֮£Ҫȥг
ͻȻô£
仰𣬳鲻Ĵӵ߳
ЩмĹ󸾣ȫһȫյǱļ壬ǿɶﲻ𰡣ô죿Ҳδ˿ͷ󺹡
˭ǿҵյǹ
ҲΪ֮һ㵡
ǲǻûʶԣ
һ֣̬ȾʮǿӲ
ȻҲóǺܲ
ﲻǻģǶľҹ󸾷ЦȻҲյңŲľһ˽ֶȥ
Ҳζʱŵ﷢࣬ҽ񣬿Ը̫ˡ
磬ôװʱҪװӡ
ľҵģ˵Ҫ˽֣ɲǼٻҪǾͰյɣ
ϰ壬ǻߵӦֱͦţ˵Сǰ죬Щ󸾳һٱǮҵյ˫ָڱ󣬰Ȼ
ⷬҲϵıȿ޻ѿ
˼ҪյĻóһٱǮ򣬾ô
һ˽ֵĵֲŽᣬС۸ҲҪʧôյˣ
ۿıڣ¶׺ݵ񣬾Ҫյ
Ŀһۡ
Ȼ׳ʲô˼ǰȥ׼Щڶˡ
Ⱥóһ·
߳ʮװ⻹һСɰŮӡ
ˣ
˫̥ã˵˽ֳһЧĻƷ̴˹١
ֻȫû뵽յľȻǳƳΡ
Ǵж壬һ֣ǰȨƣֻܸÿ
ƳС㣬յģ΢Цʵ
ȴһҲɫʲô
˵ƳСƵյһȥͼӰЧյô棬ǹ˾ͶλյǵĻƷƣΪǰʮĻƷ
յĹЧʵѾӹϼʶˣȷϡ
ֻ뽫ϵյƷռΪС
ĲǳţӦǺ
ȴһЦ

Ҽǵϻ˵ҽֶƻƷٷְʧܣóȥ
ҺƳιͬƵյûҽģôҽڻǺ
˵΢΢һϡ
û뵽յûҽġ
ҽѧҽ˵ȫİ
֪ǳûҽƷѶжߡ
յҽֶôǰ˳ҽǱࣿ




1373¡ҹ
 

ˡ
ʵҾûҽҲȫûһȡ֮
ҽֶƻƷҽеɣҽõµĿغͷչ
⼸仰˵ʵﻹƲҽ
ֻΪ˵õյ䷽ò˵ΥĻˡ
ȻóԾɲɫǻҽǧ꣬Զᱻʱ̭ҪʲôµĿطչ
˵ɫ΢΢һǲ֪ô
Ըŵ̬Ļ֮Ǯֿɵá
ΪƾһյͿԺ˾ĻƷˣ
ǺǣȲ̸ҽ
ʮαЦݣֱ˳Ƴһۡ
ƳС㣬ϼгӦ֪һƷƵĳɹƷĹЧԶԶġ
˵ʲôƳе㲻⡣
ʵҲԽԽˣ˱濴񣬹ȴȸ߰ҽα
΢Ц˵ƳС㣬ͳͬзյȻЧǷȫĻƷгѾʮ󻤷Ʒȫռݣ뽫յң֮⣬Ի⵽ЩƷ˾Ʋãǲɿյ
յЧôãЩƷƲǣҲܲŹ˿ǹ򡣡ƳյЧ֮󣬶յܹȫʮ㡣
ԣҡͷһЦƳС㣬ˡֱԣе̫ˣʱҴǰģʲô鶼ɵóʱǵĨյĸ˿ͻҹ򣿡
⡭Ƴһʱ䵹û뵽һ㡣
֮ǰƵĻشͱϳĨڹһΡ
ϳŻ۵ɱִ֣ը㺦᰺顣
ϳŽƶʡͷҵԶܺ綥Ʒ˾ȡ
ƷǱҵ綥Ʒ˾˵ϳˣڵϼţ޷֮ȡ
ЩƷ˾յУչ⾺Ƴλûаܹǿ⣬ϼš
Ƴ¶֮ɫǹһ΢СĻȣȻһۡ
ӵһĻ
˫̥õͼѾǳˡ
ƳС㣬˾ɣǹ˾֧֣ЩƷ˾޷ĨյǿǿϣܿͿԵǶһƷƣ
Ͳ仰˵Ƴλ᲻Ķ
һƷзͷʵ̫ˣ
ƳλǸո̤뻤Ʒҵһϵҫ
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յҪǳģʳ
ܵƳεĿ⣬һۣʾٸϻ
ʶȨڳϣһת̿ڵƳСԸǺҿԸĹ˾ɷݣ
Ĺ˾ɷݣúĴй۶ˡ
ǿ˾Ĺɷݣ
ʮڡ
ֱӰɷóΪ˶óӦĻǾǳͷβɵӣ
ֻû뵽ǣǵûϲ񣬻Ŀڵϻ˵˵ͿԹˣ
㣡˲ŭǣڲٱʿˣǽȭͷյ졣
һССĻҽʦȻҽ
붯ָһȭʱȴ
磬Ҫ
Ӳסŭ˳һۣܾ˾Իһӣ
ȴǿһۣǿʮ󸾡
ҹԶ㣡յ
׼׼յЩĹ󸾡
ҹһͻˣ㲻յңҵͱ뿪¡
ž
δ˵꣬һƾʹ˹ȥѽҹ󸾴һ򣬼æס
㡢ȻҴңҹա־ŭʵ

ҹҪԱߵľҹæڵ㲻յǶԼˣľԸ⻨˫۸յ
Ҳҹ˫֣Ŀľҹһۡ
㾴ƲԳԷǲǣľҹ󸾶ʱ߳ŭ
Ƿŵ̬ˣû뵽ĻӦ
ðҾͽ˲ҵꡱ
ž
һ˦ȥ
ľҹ󸾱ͷת򣬺òײվסӡ
¾ûʲô˵ˣҺľŭ죬ͬʱԼұڳȥѵ




1374¡һ
 

Щ׼Գ֣ϲЦ
˾ڶ孻ôȥ
˵յȫˡ
ղֹ֣뿴档
֪ԳԸ񣬾ԲЩյ
ǣҲˣȻ˽Һľҹһơ
ŭ˴󸾣붼֪
ǴóԵͷվԮ֡Ƴο϶ж£˾ȻҲ˳ˡ
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ۿڼһҪ֡
ȴһվ˳Գ˵ɡ
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СɫҪҲûʸó֡
鵲ڳǰ΢΢һ㵡
һ˾ȻŮ˱Լԭֻϰ¾ˣ
ǰͻȻһŮǳһ£û̳ȥתͷ󸾡
ˣû֣Ů˱ʲôҹļ
ľٸҲ̲סڷ̣һΪһ·ӲأôˣûðϣճµĻ˴򵽹ظĵǸ
õڲԥȭͷҪƹ顣
Ȼǵóѣ˶Ĵһȣͽ߷ɳȥˤڵϡ
ſڵ˿һĻȫסˡ
ӢŮȥεεģ书Ȼôߣ
ֲøҵڳǰ
ҲףΪʲôʼգôеˡ
˸书ǿŮڡ
Щ̫ˣҿҪԳ֡ѹ
ҡͷ磬ȲļҺľҿɲֹ⼸Ŷ
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ҺľҼԳһٸڡ
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Ϊ˵õյǲϹ۵ġ
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ֻҪվԱ߿Ϸɡ
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ûЩ󸾵ݷֻǾЩᷳ
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ܿ죬һС˽ͣ£һȺѹѹװ󺺴Сֵ
·˷׷ױãԶΧۻ㡣
йٷˣΪа۳ڻ˽֡
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ԭֻǴеĴϽѵһҩѣаûʲôϵ
аĳڻ˽֣ƾиаɲʲôв
ıڼǧˣѹѹһƬƾˡ
ʶһǶ學֣ҹ󸾲˵Ϊ˸ڣǶ孺ˣ
ߣǵıڸ书֣ұǻĵѧҪǿһٱľҹҲǸ߸߰ͷ­
иıڣȷʵǶյѧ֣Ĵʦ
ֻڵ飬Ѿǵһȭ˵ˡ
ǧ߹ûʲô
飬Ҫҳ𣿡һ䡣
Ͼе࣬Ҫһʱ䡣
һЦˣһھȫ
һӣе㲻̫ţ飬ѧĹУû˲һƬɣ
̵Ĺ䣬Ȼһڴȫô˫¶һ˿֮ɫ
΢Цôģ
ڴ˿ͻȻϴȪɽׯĴģֻʱûв
黹ǵһģǳĵʲô
һûöʲôӮˣҪӦһҪ󣬵ȻҲֵ̫ġһΪ֪뷨
óǷʲôʲôá
Ӯأʵ
˰룬Դߵ˵ҲԸҪ󰡡
Ӯ˿ɾͲˣ仰ֻǵЦ
ԱߵƳθܵһ˿ϢﲻеԴˣȻָоֻһ
ι˵ûУٸü۵ʵ




1375¡Ϣ
 

鵱ǵ棬ǧڵΧ£Ȼ˵̸ЦٸðɣҲǷ׷ŭӳ
ҹ󸾻һ䣬һİ
ҹһϣ˲һʺӡ
һγǸִģ˰鶼Ķ
þɲôһҹͻȻһƣ
ѵй
ǸŮġ˵
˵ͷţǸŮڼģǼҲС
ôһԻַϷ
ŸʲôϰȫҹȫҲ
Ҳ׷Լıڶ֣һ˲ǧҲεҩ
һ첲סƳε
Ҳµ˼˿ֻһ뷨
ˣȫˣ
ǧ˸ıڳ㲻֣ͳŮҪȳ
Ҳ֮ʱ۾ȴֲĵɵϴ
Ϊˣ
Ʒ·ɣһı׾ٵĴɳȥ
ÿһƻһƬõƸɽţļɣ
Ȼ䡢ص飬˾ɣȸɽţҪ࣡
΢΢һԭˣǳҵ󡣡
֮ǰ̸Ĺ䣬ֻǹѧԺõ书ؼ
Լܹãһ;ӵ쾡£ǧ֮Уͺһ֮ضһƬڡ
󸾺·ȫŻˣ˭Ҳû뵽Ůֵ书˿ֲ
ǧʵǷıڣǰм֮
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ҵһǱѧԺ츳׵ϣԲ׼ȷ仰Ǳ佱
ĻŭţǱ滹ǱȽ֣俴ֻƳεĺϣеġ
ƳеԲѣΪֻܱ书ԽԽߣԺܰﵽĵطԽԽࡣ
֪ЩʲôߵǰɱҿǣͲǴôˣΪǶ季ҾͲɱˣ
ͱ书ŵɫҰףôһȣȻһͻȻͿ޽תˡ
ڴиǧڣ书ȫϵҲ൱Щϵһ롣
ߣǿŮ𣿺Լ书һ󲻽ļһ䣬ȻԼãҪҪ
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ܿͻӸ¥ñһƬ档
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ȻǸʲô孵һʦĻҪԳ֡
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Լˡ
ôһ֣յڼʱڴ鶫季Ȼ󴫵̫
ʱƳλȥģзС
ڳʽ컪ǱʲôϢʱӢ˵绰
Ӣƣ孶Ͼг˺üаۣϾֵúңһƬҡ
һаۡʵǳǿϾʧ
Ϊʲôյֵô󣬶ûѲ߶ӹ
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Щðа۵ͼʲôʱֻûӢæעǵĶ
άǱߣͬյðа۵Ϣ
ܾ¦ڰ칫ɵȣЩðаﶼǴ
Ϊðаǰ˴óжˡ
ȻڵõĿǰûʲôڴаŮۻƷʱ¦̲סЦ
ͨ£ٴȷϣŮǳߡ
ҪŮ˶Ƥϣάֳ֡¦⿴ŭƽϢ
һʾܾ֣ҪҪҴЩðаۣö孹ٷеУ
ʱãóСӺϣҪǵǸĻ군ˣ¦˵ţ¶һصɫ
ȷʵ׼ȥı
Ϊյ컪ϢͻȻ
ֻǾݽ컪Ļ㱨죬컪óȻ½ȥˣֻ




1376¡ҹ̽
 

յﶫ季վ͵õٵϢٶȣ˵ԶԶԤڣԳ˵Ǽľϲ
ϾСҪһͷŮӣͺʹࡣ
ܹ֮ôõϢҲΪãʶá
Ƴռ˺ܴͣûƳҪԴƷ˾þͲ孿커Ʒг
ִ֮е֪ŮĶ˫̥
һɺϵ鴮һ𣬲óڶ̶֮ڵõٵȷ
ֻǣһδ̫ɺˡ
ȥҽ컪ϵ·ϣоһ˿Ծĵط
ﲻԾҲ˵
ֻȥ̽һʵ˵
컪·ɢꡢȹݡ׵ȵȡ
һΪֵ꣬컪һϣһæվ֡

첽߹һ¾ֱ⣺컪˵ʲô״ûܵ˺
ûУҵ¿κ˵ĵط컪Ѹٻشã֮ǰҿƬе㲻ͬµĲ̽ڻ˶孺ͷ˶ŮɫױƬ˲١
ģǸıװ磬ӦҪҪǳ׹黯ɶˡ΢΢üͷ
ʵϣٵѪͳǶˣٵѾˮˡ
ǶˣҲǾȳ󣬺һԴ۰
ҵµʱõ״̬ƺ˵Цܲӡ
컪˵һó顣
ٱ°季Ȼ˵ЦѵͬԼʵˣ
Ļ˫̥ûȳûҲһԸȥġ
̫ҲûʲôãҪԼ٣֪ʲô뷨
컪Χ壬Լһ˽ȥ̽̽˵վſȥ
컪̸ϣҪҪɸЭ
ˣڿǲ֪ĸ֣һ˽ȥСһߣһý컪Ľƺͷ
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Գ˵õǺܴΪ͸ͫʱ۾һɨܿٵķλ
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ٶȷʵñ̬˵۾ǲõõǵͷ׽Ӱ
ֻǽ֮ǰ컪ѹ죬·һĴ˼ұȫͬſŲ
ʱѾϾŵӣҹ٣ûеƻͨҲûкֵ
ֵǾĵĸоһֲԤС
ѵİҲһӣ֪ĻΪʬ⡣
ǽߣ͸ͫ۲ֱﻹкܶ˵ġ
ҲС
óĸоǣ廹˵кܶ˫̥
ЩڱȲ裬һƬڵա
ԽԽоԾ
ûڿҲûκһ
֮ǰ컪ȷϣٳڱ󣬲û˽ǽߡ
ͷǳˡ
ȥ컪֮ǰעķ̽һ¡
θոһ洫һȣ˸£˭
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üͷһ壬û뵽ԼصôãȻᱻ֣
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룬Ծһ䴰Ȼ뷿֮ڡ
ûˣ󣬺ϢĴ򿪷ţռƻһ̽ȥ
ڱ֣ν
Щûرĸ֣ûκв
ҳûȫأΪҲٵĻǰٵ䡣
Գٶȣ̽ĸ䣬ֻҪ̵ʱ䡣
ûĳҵ١




1377¡Ծ
 

֣컪£ٳΪʲôȴҲˣԺвɵðһʺš
һ·Ͽ͸ͫңٱصٺãӲķ۲Ŷԡ
Ǳ˵ô෿ˣʲôҡңٵӰ
ѵԼ͸ͫһʧˣ
ΪҲǲܷ顣
Ȼʵûָٷְ٣ŷѨؼѨλûн⿪Ȼܹʱ俪͸ͫ
ұĸ䶼Ҳ٣ֻóһֶΡ
Ǿȥˡ
ʱѾలڿĴѰǱߵӰ
磬֪˭ô󵨴ǱʵһҲš
Ҳһ˭ôǼĽֻһǾ
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гӵſȥ
ͥɢ㻺߽
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һĻ¶֮ɫ
ǰ˵ֶΣʵ̫аˡ
ȫó֣ͽǼİ˴롣
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Ϊ죬ǽֻϼϯҽʦƳεô
ҲεҩǶŮڱһ
ȴȫ˸Ƶġ
磬òǸɵõɴ۾
ҡͷܣǲͬһˣǸϾУ
ǡǾԼĲ²ⲻ޿ܡ
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óǳǣЩ˳˺֮⣬ϾȻԻɫƺ˵ʲô
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ڤһ仰˵¶ҲڲϽ͡
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Ҳǰ֮ˣסǲɿڡ
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Ҳ¶֮ɫ
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սʱͿһƬ谵ҲֻһյƵСơ
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ӦʱסͻȻһĻȣ¶һŰɭɭݡ
Ů٣һϸЦݡ
һݣתһӦǶĲӣ
һɫһ̣˲
ɿ֣ȥΪоӵһ£ǳԾ




1378¡
 

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һͿ͸ͫûظ֡
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Ȼأûʱȥʬ塣
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ſ֮ͻȻһǿҵ磬֮Ǻһķë
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ͻĳһǿϤС
͵𣬵㵺޷ϣʦһʩչлҲ档
磬ɱȵ޷Ͷˣ
ֻϤУóɵϵи孵ĳ
ԳΪýٻǧػ
ȫʢʱڵػٻƵ磬Ѵ֮
Ϥоػ
ѵػٿس季˴βֵĻ֣ػʲôϵ
ȻԺð²⣬̾ͷˡ
ΪٻػɻѪϣûɻѪػ˼䡣
ѹĵͷ׼˳ţȴִѾʧ
۷ôеϸͬҫת˼¡
Ŀֻ֮޾ĺɫ磬ֲ嶫ϱ
Ҳȫˡ
ߣԭٳڣֻһ֣ô¡
ȻǸֶԸ۷ƭ컪н컪£Ҳ׾١
ֻǸղŵ󲢲۷һʱ֮ûжϳ
Ѿɹסˣɣ̧ͷе
ȻŰסˣȻܹʮֵ򶨡
Է۷ٸվҪ³֡
ǻǿˣҵڤסһ㶼ء
һŮ˵֮д˹
ǳ޷˱Էķλ
㵽˭ֶԸңʲôͼһʻһԺڶǿߵϡ
֮ǰûӢṩһݶǿߵϣһĶǿ
ŮԲ
ֻŮ˴Ц˵ҵ˭ҪҵͼҲҪҪΪǿǱߵˣǶ季Żȥ
ô֪ҵʵݣͷȥˣŮ˿ڿΪǿˡ
ôŮӦ֪аˡ
ŮЦͰҿ̫ˣ
һҵǿԽ࣬ҵ˾Խǿʢ
ΪǿˣˡѾ͹˹һһٹ١һ𣡡
ԳһĵĹҲܵشͬʧȥ˫֮
ʦ³Ůʲôˡ
ΪŮ˵ۣⷬԼ󷨡۷漰֮
һ˲䣬ҲŮ˺͵°ٵλϵ
ʱɿǹǸŮ˵壬ܿҲ۷߻һࡣ
Ǵôһλɸ磬ǵˣҺܸлʱǵչˡ
Ů˴˻һıڴ򶨱Ϊ𾪡
ʣŮ˾°ٵǸˣ
ǳΪĵ⡣
ŮһЦԼѱˣ٣㲻ǻ˵Ļ᲻ɱأ
Ϊɱˡ
仰˵һ룬ͻȻ۵һ𣬴Ļ
ŵĵͷԼؿڣһֻѪɫ͸ֻϵָմѪԵѪȶޡ
˿̣һƬհףûӦʲô顣
ȴǴɭɭ֮Ůĺǡҽߵ㻹ãɱ𣿡
㲻ɱң¶˱壬ΪźǹһϷʵĻȡ
ʵղȫװġ
ٶȺͷӦôܶ㲻Ů˴ӱ󹥻
˵仰תԼƣץסŮ˹ֻ֡
ڿŮ˵Ŀ
һԼĪʮ߰Ůӣüۺ߷ҶͷȥĶţ󷽡
ǳľ棬ѵŮ˾ٵĸף
ŮҲʮֳԾΪʲôô
оʹⲻܣ
ֻĻΪʲôʹؿڵѪһоûС
Ůüһҵ͹㣬˺ټһʸϾҰɣ
һ䣬Ů˵νʧΧҲͣЪ
û׷ȥΪ֪ŮҲǻ
ǣϾȻһžµ뺯




1379¡
 

ռϵǷ뺯ͻȻӦϷһɸܷӦ
صһ죬컨ըһ󶴣
һӰӴдܳųǾһֱȭ
Ųңȫ֮ͻȻɱĸֶһȭ
¡¡
ǿ߽֣ޱȺƻǾ
µĵذȫѿͬѵĹǣŵ¸Ǳǿըһӡ
ڱҾߡȵȣȫըƬ˲һƬ档
Ӱƺʮ죬Ϸǰվ֮ǰ
ͻȻ͵ϮȻŭ־裬ԾӾҪԷ֡
ǸӰڵӣæȥһһֵ߰ͣͣͣаۣҲܵģ
˭ô֪ҵĳƺţͣ½Ų˫ȴâ
ʱ쳾ĩ£ڰ֮Уͨ͸ͫڿ˶Էò
һͺĻѪ꣬װһֲȥеɵӡ
Ѫƴһ֮󣬳ɲΪԷϿ˧޺
ʵǿĳ֡
ֻѪϹɵЦҵȫ˹ȻҲԽڰϵĴšϺΪʲô֪аۣΪڰһʱ䣬ͱһˣ˵ܲʶҼĵļһ𣿡
ĶϺ
ü΢΢һû뵽˿ǰĴ֡
ѵѪ֮꣬ǰڻǸ
Էǳ󣬰ǰѪоֹͻǸࡣ
ֻΪʲôˮͻȻ͵Ϯó޷ˡ
ȻԼ˵ΪѰǵ͵Ϯԭ
ΪҼҵˣɫʵ
ղż˵ܵģֹ͵ϮδЩìܡ
ȻˣʲôУҲһ˿ɵ
ˮ֪аۣȥڶ孲ж
Գ̾ɱġ
ܵɱ˺һæ͵аۣ㲻ҪᣬʵҸղֶֻѡ
ûԶѣҲûԶĵˣ㽻ѡ
Ϊʲôе
ûֽѷʽ
һʹȫ͵ϮˣղѾһȭˡ
ǺһЦаۣҪҪҲһ˵֮лæĵطȽѣպټл˵
ҿɲ͵ϮкļһｻѡɫûκλͣԽԽˣڶ季ǵһ֪а۵ˣԺܱǸҲϡ
һ䣬ȭһʥĻ棬ԭһƬڰı
Ż棬иŨŨļɵ֮⣬û˶еη塣
аۣղŵ̽ѾٶȺͷӦڲ֮䣬ĻһһҹֲʤΪĵǿߣûҪһοһѶһ·˵Բԣ
ȷղŵ̽׼𣿡ȥ
Щˣôǰĵĳ֣˵ԷȴһӶ
аۣ֪˺ܶʵҲһҵĵƣô˵ҲǰİɱСơ
仰û˵߽꣬
˺ˣаۣ治򣡡ǰǿЦͻȻܺڸղ͵Ϯķʽ̽ʵ
ԼҪʵȥһҪأôܺͳ֣
ۿҪ׼ɱڣͻȻע⵽һֻϣһžµ뺯
ȵȣΪʲôϷ뺯
Ϸͣ½Ųϵ뺯˵ô
ûҼǵúϵ뺯Ϸ뺯
ɱ֪νġϷȤˣԴԴĿʼ͡
ҵһϷŸ޵һƫƧСʱǸСȫգųּ뺯ǿߣΪĳСıɱֻһ˴СǸʤֶ߳ԷѾȫ˸ˣ·ʧȥ꣬ҵʵóȻӽ
˵Ϸķʽ֪뺯˭ģЩǿΪʲôҪѭߵķʽսԼȥᱦﲻͺ𣿡׹˺ġ




1380¡Ժ
 

ҡͷһЦаۣǻĵһְɣѵ֪Զǿƶ𣿡
Ϸ֯ߵıµҶ顣
ֻ˵Ϸı缸֯Ӱӣ繲ûᣬȶ±ţֱ硣
Щ֯Ǻ߱İɣУǵǿ󵽿ǿȸֲϷ
ʲôʮ֯ΪǶС˵Ҵġ
Ȼ񹲼û֣ȷʵϣҾһʷ
ֻǾԲ˵ؿֲ
ǰЩ֯г˼ɵаۣ֪첻µزµԸ񣬵еĸ֣Ӵ֯ĻηԶҪǶԿҿǲֹһ˵ΥϷĸ֣ȫĪıУϷ˫̫ˣ
ôϷͼʲô֯һᱦϷֻΪŪЩ֣Ϸֻ֯ΪŪֵĻδ̫ˡ
չҾʷӴܸ֯ĵ顣
һвɹľ޴档
ٴҡͷĿǰ˭Ҳ֪Ϸ֯ߵʵͼڰ㵱ѣԱ㣬ȥμϷΪһμӣͻᷢԼһԶ޷ѵУӰ쵽ļˡ
ҲβμӣȻԼ˵ôѵϷ֯߻ܲٿҵɣԴ˲ΪȻ
кܶ鶼ԶﴫԽԽаţʵûôء
ġ߽ѧĿкܶЦԷǵӡ
ЦЦ˵޾ģرǿߣҰģ볬ŵǶһμϷĸҲһΪ˵õõıǻ᲻ϲμһϷֱǿɱ˾㱳߲֯ǿǣԼҲ֮С
ⷬò޵
ԼΪ˲ϱǿֵµȥԴȵȡ
ϷĳĶı޷֤ǷܹԼ
֮ǾȻ١
֪ǸŮ˺ϷʲôϵΪ٣òȥ̽һϷô¡
˵ô࣬ҵʲôͼһ˵һ뺯
뺯Ȱ˵ȴַˡ
֪аԽȰԽǷá
ͻǰ孹ϾУʱҪĻ֣˵仰˵÷ǳ棬ȫûеɵӡ
룬ղ˵ĶѶ·ȷʵ޵
ô˵ǰĵĳ֣ղűƴһǣȷʵ޼
ȻԼûȫָʵźƴƽ֣ǿĸ֣Ƿǳѵá
϶صƣС
ǳһʵǳӽĸ֣ѡȻá
ֻҪȥС
ȸһɣڶжʱ뱩¶ԼݣҲϣй¶ȥ仰⡣
֪ҵȻ֪ϴڸֵȷѪ꣬Ӧõ͵ˣЩðа۸ڻж㣬֮ǾԲй¶ȥģҰĶϺŵ
ͷ˵Ҳ׼ȥϾУȴ߽һŮӡ
飬ôˣƳأ֮̽ǰ鱣ƳΡ
û뵽ͻȻ
߽˵Ƴ˵Ҫع׼Ʒ˾飬˷ɻ֮󣬾͹費Ҫæףô
߽ʱͷֳںһ˵
ֻӱϹһʱ֮俴塣
ߵǰŷӣȻǰڴлĻѪꡣ
ٴο飬Ƶ˿ǿ鱣־롣
飬ǰĵĸ֣šϺд˹Ŀǰǵĵˡ򵥵Ľܵ
¶ȻɫֲûѪʵ˿£ԭ߾Ӱλá
ȴеЦãаۣҪ˵ԶּĹΪС
ʱѰɣԽұлĻ˵Ͼк˵֣ʾ⡣
ʱеܳΪ֪аһʮָ̫߰ˡ
֮ȡһСֽƬдһ绰롣
Ͼмɣˣÿ죬ߵҲ죬ͬһʧڳǰ




1381¡ǰϾ
 

뿪󣬻һ仰
ջˮԽƯŮԽ£а۳Ϊѣϣ㲻ҪŮۣ
һ仰һЦ
ӹһĨϼ
ȻǰĵĴ֣˵ȷʵЩЦ
˵ʲôԽƯŮԽ£е̿
Ů˵ӣҾͱ־롣鲻Ŀڵ
ǸһŮ˺ɡ΢΢һЦɰŮôͿִأ
˵ţǰһҪȥա
麦ߵ˺һħצ
һ㶼ɰƳŮӲſɰ
仰ڳУɾʹһ˿ˡ
֪ڸ鷽ǳء
ȻͶ⣬ȴҺᰡƳλǾֻĬĬĳԴס
ƽʱͳ䣬ҲǹװյӣʵһĶڳϡ
ںò״Ļ鷴ӽźˡ
飬Ҳпɰһ棬ڡЦһ䡣
ϲȴҧתƻܲҲʲôϣǱ߻һأǲˣ
ҿ
ˣڲԶĵϡ
߹ȥһȫûϢ
ˡ
ʬûκ֮ȷȷʵʵǵ塣
óò²⣬֮ˣӦǱǸʩչŮ˿סΪն֡
ӵ͸ͫһʼҲ֡
ٵĶ۾ƭˣǸŮ˿ǲʦ
ǸŮ˵ĻóʹС
ʱŮ˵ƴضȷʵоǿҵʹ
˵Ϊþʹ
һʵ飬һ˰۾õûлѪܣ֮ԱˮģѪʵΪԼѪʵڿ־
ȻʹУǿǿľ־ڵһʱжϳֻǼƽǸŮ˵Ļ
ô죿˶ˣҲʲʲô
ȥϾһ˰ɣٺܾܿϾС
˵ţóǷ뺯򿪡
ʲôʵ
֮ǰ˵ģһ顣
ͬʱ뺯дϷصʱ䣬Ͼиһ孹ųϾŵӿʼϷ
뺯½ǻһоС֣Ǻ֣ӦǸŮд
Сֵĳ֣óĸ⡣
û뵽ǸŮ˻д֣鷨
ҲμӱϷܶñϾУҾ١
Ϣó΢΢üͷ
Щֿ϶ǸŮǰдõġ
Ҳ˵ǸŮѾԤϵĲס
֣ζһЩ
ߣȥ𣿡е㲻޵ߵ
ɲ뱻ǣűߡ
Ϸ֯ͼЩμϷĸ֣ȫ֯еӡ
ĸ׵ǸŮˣӦòԼΪӣóȥμӡ
Ϸһ̽ڱ˲ٿ£ҪȥҲǰԼԸȥ
ȻȷپϾУҲԼȥϾˣ׼
ҪȥǿȥϾУӹ뺯˿ʵ
ȥϾаɡ˼ϷϲſʼʱԣϾҲٵϢȥҲ١
ãҸһȥϾС˵仰ĵӿһĪҸС
ȴûв߳ý컪֪ͨһǰϾе顣
ڶϣɻϾС
컪ɵ˽孵һչ顣
ճԼƲ⣬ǸŮʵǿ󣬺ܿǲʦڶӦúŶԡ
ý컪ɸһȥҳǸŮˡ
Ͼ֮󣬳ܿõشϢ
һЩðаۼ孹ٷȫֻʣһǰڰ˵ġơڡ
ȫ磬ڵаˡ
ΪڵʵҲ԰Ѷֵ÷з
ð£⣬ͲֵԽԽá
һشϢ֮󣬶ʵĴӡҲʸ̳лλĻʳǹʣ飬ʱϾоٰʢ¡صĻһ
ǷǳֵǣҪУȴȫ֪ʳӵδ˭




1382¡ɻ
 

õ孻һʳӼϢҲ룬һʱý컪ɳ£ȥʳӵδ˭
Ϊκһйٵ
˵ô֮һĿԣʳӵδ޾һأ
ȻҲпֻǴ˷ʱ䡣
ϾУǶ孵һУ޵һУһǧ˿ڡ
ֵµҲϾл㼯˼ǧˡ
ʵ컪ɡƶʡ塢㵺нǱߵɳ˿϶еġ
ڶ孴ڶ״̬ʮοʹֻ׼һ뾳
⼸ǧϾˣϣǳãֳȥʳδҲ޲ɡ
⻹һĿԣǾǸŮƭ˳ʵٲϾС
Ļ͸鷳ˡ
Ͼк󣬳ǰߴԵķȦ׼ɻϡ
λڶ孻ʹһ֡ɵĽǶԼ1֣ѴһĿ˶Ŀ֮ĵν˶
֡ŦԼ󷱻֮һ
ΪŮӣȻѧٹǿķɵù
ȻСС˼ǲҺͳġ
ϾҪ£ҵ١
ڽϣʱʱһ½ֱƷƵƯ·;Σ΢΢ͳĽëڸԼеĹʡ
һ㣬΢Ц飬ҵ֮Ҿ١öС
仰Ǿǽϲæ˵Լ˵ģɲ֮ǰӮöĶҪŶ
ȻҪ㡣ЦĻӦ
۵һ΢΢ͷһ£֪ڻ̸Щʱ
Ϊʼնٱ°֮ʮǼӦľԼİ˷ǡ
߽ҵĵһۺ̳ǣ¥󣬳һ۾Ϳɴ¿ѡ·
Է򸾿Ĺ˵˼·ϡ
ɣһֱֻʱʱϢӦڿµĻ㱨Լ
û뵽ҲˣҲǣɲżװΣԼݻ治뾳
ɺݶΪһܵٵİΣ͸ˡ
ү
ɺæĴк
߽¿⣬ЦЦôҲˣ
ٱ°֮ҹʳѰԲ÷ɸҹ季˵ĺܶԲүûпĸá̾
ó˲١
ðĿ˵ˣ֪ٵԼŮҵǸεĵǿأԸ˺ĿǰҿԿ϶Ӧòʲô󰭣Ϊ°ǵ˺ܿǵĸס
ĸףɺݶһۣе㲻š
¶һȻ֮ɫֲܾǸ°ٵŮˣЩֻҵʱſǸŮһͻԹȥûʲôӡˡ
Ůǻ֣Ĩӡףµôˣûµתʵ
һǸȻĻشǸүҵʱ鲻ʲôⶫ孻ʳǹʵĴ񣬱ܹ÷ǳϸҲ鲻ǹʵδ˭
Ǿͼɣ鲻ǹδ޵ݣķλҲСбҪĻ׼Ǳ붫孻ʹһˡ
ҪȻϾУֻͷӬһת
үһȥ죡Ϣɵͷ
ͷ߳¿⣬̳һΪĽ䣬ֻӢȥһ绰
ȥԱߵϵˮ
ϣ˵ϷõһϷ뺯һͨ绰ʳ⡣
Ϊִ֯񣬺֪ܿϷϢ
ڽ컪ϾˣԼҲҪ׼濼ҪҪȥǲμϷ
Ӣ⣬̾ôõϷ뺯ȰûǲҪȥμӣ
ΪʲôǵһμӢôӦ
ѵ˵ϷһԶ޷ѵУ
Ӣ֣Ļش˵֯ʷϣһλȥμӹϷǴϷٰص㻹ڻĹڣ




1383¡μ
 

Ŷд£ǳ档
û뵽ϷڹھٰϷ֯ߣܿѾ͸ϸ䡣
Ӣ˵ǰ˵Ѿ;ʮˣ1993ɣٰصڲʥ֮һľϡ
ҽӵ뺯дǣϷ֯ѡĶ˼֮ء
֮ǰͲѯ孹ųǷ״̬ͨ޷롣
ľλڲȥҲ١
Ҳ֪ȥǲμϷĸжľһΣܹо֯ĸ֣ȫڱսλҲʧˣ֯ʮ궼ûҵʬ壬ϷʵڹúܣӢᵽ»¡
Ѿ֯ϷֲҪҲ֯һ֧ǰľصֻսĺۼȴȫҲ
λʧ٣ʿ϶Ϸ֯йء
ϣ֯ΨһһκϷй𣿡Ҳúܹ졣
֯ôӴĻڶ࣬ȻڹڻѶʮʱ䣬Ҳһʧ
ӢŬһ£شΨһһΣľ֮յŸޡ޵ȵؾٰϷϢֻûõ뺯Ҳûȥ飬ΪܲҪԺ󲻵ٺϷǣϡ
֯ǳɵϷôӦò֪ϷıˣӢĻѾϷ֯Ϣ̫ϣ
Ӣһֻ֯һڲĴͻϷ֣ȴЩӰӣ繲ûᡢȵȣܲҪֻռ鱨ǣȥҲǺϺΪϷı֯ȷʵǲ𣡡
лϸ֪һǿȥһˡҪȥǵԭ˵һ顣
ָϾҳٵ̫ʵ
ôֻܰǸŮ˵ҪȥǲμϷˡ
ӢæȰǧȥǰϷһ׵У˭ݽȥӲ1993꿪ʼ֯ռϷ鱨ʮ꣬ǵ鱨ʾϷңȻиֵһʤȴûлһֵģν֮
ֻõٵٲμӵڶϷ
仰˵ĵ治ԼμӵڶΣϷ֯ܰô
ϣлѣǾ˵ɡ
ӢȰ裬ȴѾҶ˵绰
ôͲȰأϷĲܲμӰӢ̾һ
ȥμϷĻԱϴθٹΧ˻ա
ٹΧˣӳΧȦһ
Ϸȴһֽһ֣׳ȫ޷ܾĽһ׵С
Ҷϵ绰֭˻
лл飬Ҿȥһˡ˵ţӹ֭һڡ
գգ۾ʵ𣿡
ţһȥϾУӦ컪ǡһ޿ɵĿ˵
һͼˣУһҪȥȻ֪Լʵţϴθ֮У㻹ԮľأսҰɣ
ϷܱȸٹΧ˻ΣգһȥĻ޷ʱصı㡣ĵһ㡣
ȻΪ٣ϾֻǶأ֪ȥǲμϷĶʲô̬֡
һڰ鶼Ӧ
˵ĵġϺѻָ˳ʵĳֻ΢ѹڶʱʤǲܵġ
Ҫĳֱȷʵ޷֤İȫ
Ҳ㱣ң孾Ϊܰæȥɣ˵˵ţ˫ˡ
ԼûȥǵĻһ£һӡ
ܵ飬̾һȻ¶һ˿Цݵ飬ȥǣ빲
ţ鲻Ʊ飬гһ仰ĵõĪϲ㡣
֮󣬳Ҫ߻ȥɣɰæȥǵĳ
Ȼǽȥ
ϷŵӲſʼϾҲԶԳϾдһ
ǰȥǣһٵֵøϻ
飬׼߻¿⣬ͻȻһϤŮӰ̳Ƿݿڡ
ֳˣ




1384¡ټ
 

¥ĿĴѰƺˡ
΢Уܴ
صǣΪʲô֪鵽ϾУ֪
ϴڴоƵ꣬ڶϾҲˣûоһֱǡ
ԲŶԳϾиеǳ֡
ǳﱳṩϢ򲻿ô׼ҵ
⻹һʣڵĳǵǸ㵺̫̫ô
Ƿ˲ٿˣ
ʸͷ첽߹ȥҪʸ
ȻڳûɵػȥΪٻػɻѪϣûʩչлػ˼䡣
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ʱͻȻҲ˯ͬһŴ




1385¡˯һŴ
 

ҲҪ˯ͬһŴɵһ¡
ƽʱǱصúܰôͻȻųһôŵĻ
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ó仰ǳأҲЩˡ




1386¡ҹ
 

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1387¡ֳս
 

֮ͻȻֺΪİвЩѱóװƭȥ
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1388¡孽
 

孵ĽɴԻģԼչڶжɫɡ
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ÿϵֿϸΪʮɡ
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1389¡һɱ
 

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ȫÿ
ͻȻ֮䣬ǰһȡ
ֻǿŭڶΧߣŵΧǷ׷ȥ
ľӭЦղһʦˮ׼ˡ
ʦ֣㲻ؿңֻǸа̫ˡǲм
ηĤݵĿк;̾УΧóĽֵȥ




1390¡һæ
 

ھߵʱ򣬻⿴˳һۡ
ţ
ͻȻ֣Χ߲ʮη壬һƽ
е㷴ˡ
ôˣǿռ仯ʵ
ƽʱǵСʦܣͨһۡ
⿴һۣԵø档
ûʲôֻ˱ɵˡ
ĻӦһ䡣
ԼĸӦǿùȣЩˡ
ǸԱղһŵôԭأ˵
ջĿ⣬ͷҲصǰȥ
ű͵ıӰ⽥
ܾû˱񿴹ˡ
ľǿգͷ·һֻ΢Сϡ
ϵ٣Իᵱ֣һѵ
ΧȺ֮УͻȻһ󻶺
孵ŷӦʥĵһɱ˲һаۣ
꣡
꣡
ʥ꣡
ʮּϲ
ʲôĵһ֣ô˵ĵһס
ҲԳаֻۣϵʴ˲ƻʵۣ
Ƕ孹аڸۣȻǶ孵ĸֲģ
˶Ҳ˶Իĸ֮Աǣ˳һ¸
鶼Щȥˡ
ǸɱһðƻЩڸ˵ģôƲǻĸ֣
ǻɣҲ˲˶ˡ
Ȼû˵ʲôа֮ȻҪΪĸֻǲڡ
űͽʧ֮УҲ׼ȥ
ȵȣһæºس꣡æߵǰ˵
ʲôæ
ȻҪûеһʱܾ
Ϊ֪϶ղ˲ٺö
˵ָʵı
죬孻ʳǹʴ飬ͺܻܿᱻƸȥμӻ磬ʱڻϣϣܰҵסһλ밵塮ԸλǵʤӦϡ
Ŀʲô֪϶ȥұѰ
Ŀġ
иһ˿⣺ҵĿֻһǹʵĵܵǹҪڶʢĻ֮ϣǹõʹ裡
ǹԹһֱˣû뵽һ˺޵ҧгݡ
Ǻǣҵ˽£ϣܹ⡣ԲԸ͸¶Ϊʲôǹ𣬡ֻҪӦңԺ˵
ֻҪܹı˵Ҫ
ĸв죺ϴȥʯ𣿡
֪õͦడ˻ͦصġ
԰ָƣ֪аۡ
һ۾ͿϷ뺯׹ܲܵʯҲ֪˵׻֪ܣ
ЦЦּ֪Щ֪ĶܱһҪࡣ
𣿡Ҳú̫˵˵ܸʲôɣ
һ֧׹ܲзԼ֧Լһļǿ弶ǲ̫ȶһֱûá
ļǿ弶ܵõԼ򵥰һͶˡ
ǿļԼῴһۡ
ӵе֧ȷʵвСá
Ȼ֧ԼҲ־ڱصãõȻ١
ôһ°ɣóܸȤ
һ濼ǣҴǻ˵
仰һĳԾ
ҪȥμϷȰ㲻ҪȥҵʵԶԶԺϷ֯߿⣡
Ǻ൱ĸ֡
ҽӴϷҲӦ˲֪
ǶбҪȥ飬Ȱȥɱǹܰõ𣿡ʵ
˹ˣôӢȰμϷ
ѵϷ֯ߣǿ粻ɣ
Цһ£ȥμϷԻݽȥġ
ˣ׼ȥǣһٸ绰
˵ţͳһۣŮ߻ؾƵſڡ
ѰźСվھƵſڵȺ
ڳǰǵ·ʱȫը˹
޷졢޵еаۣȻ孽ʥһɱˣ
ϢֱӥŷҪ䶯
孾ٹڣǶ孵ĸǿ
һЩ˵ĶǸֳĺ͸һֵս
Ϊĸִаһȫͷɥ붫ۣҲֻһͿء
Ͼִٶ࣬˼һ佣ʥ֮ͽһɱаۣȫˣ




1391¡ų
 

ľǣάְܾ칫ҡ
¦⿿ƤɳϣŶȣֻˢţһԵ˹ݲ衣
ǵضڳаۺͻĸ֣¦治ɫ
ֵλǸüϲŭɫ
¦۵׻ӹһ˿ߣСӣȥϾл֣ԼŶҪˣǻĸֱȫȺǶǻĵ
¦ܾ֣ȫ綼ΪаҪҪųϾеϢһݲ裬һʾ
¦˳
ԼʮĿĿڵż學ָǿ࣬ڷųϢСӿ϶ס學ֵΧˡ
ǻǾ𣿡⣬Ϊ˳ֵܾӢ
Ȼ¦¶һ˿ԵõЦ⣺񡢰ǰ˫нѽõúõĻʡȥԳ̫磬ļ孵ĸ֣ܶڣԭһĶ孶вǾ͸ˡ
ǳûȫָʵɣڣԭһĵĶ𣿡û뵽ִܾ˽赶ɱ˵뷨
Ǿ֪ǿʦͽʥڣԭһģļߵУҲǳ֮
ҪǸʵɱ֮һڸ
㲻ܣܽڣԭһĵͽҲС¦ʵԳҪ̫ߡ
ɱڣԭһĵͽܣһļ߶ܰ쵽
ļȥ季һڣԭһģͱȽ鷳ˡ
Բ
ʱ¦ֻͻȻһϢ
Ϣ¦ɳվ
ȻȥǲμϷ
ʲôôͻȻȥμϷˣҲһ֮ɫ
֪֯ϷάȻҲֻ֪ǶϷ˽ⲻ֯
Ͼ֯ռ˶ʮϡ
ǾϷ˽ⲻҲǳϷ֯ߣάֻ֯ȫǲ
ȻҪȥμϷ
ʲô
¦صһ²ɫָСĶ學ˣʵμϷֻ·һ
ҪҪˡ֯ǱֹȥμӣСʵ
¦Ŀһۣάʥĸ𣿳ɱ˳ظ߷ͥôţԼȥҾôȥȰ
ԡԲ𡣡ϻ̳Ͽֵĵͷ
¦һ漴ΪĮȻ֮ɫȻϷϹϵڿʼǾֲȥصعעˣϷע⡣
Ϊһ֮¦ǳɵϷı
ͻȻһ죬İ칫ﱻһ뺯
֪˵ȦϷ뺯ֱ뺯
յ뺯һ
Ϸ֯ߣɷ뺯ϸҵĸ֮⣬ɷǵˡ
һСԣ֪ϷĴں䲻мһˣͼֹǴϷھٰ졣
ĳһǸСԾԼİ칫յ뺯
ǸȻܾμӣ˺뺯
֮󣬸СȨ߻һˡ
Ϸ֯ǿܵ߸һң¦;ò
ȥ룬ϷȺһͼıЩʲô
¦ܿ͵飬Ͼڶ孾ٰϷܰж

ǣҹ˵ʱ䡣
ϷʼһСʱ
ΪĹų֮һο͹Ρ
ǲ֪Ϊʲôǵοͽϡ˼
ִ˵Ǳ孹ٷˣֻǲ׵Ĵš
֮ܶǣûһͨ˵̤㡣
ŵĹųǳҹԵЩ
顢һ·߽ȥ·ϵĲľ·ûɵӡ
ҽǸ֮ҹųܼȺܵͣɭɭģ˵ǹǶΪ
鵹ûʲôоϾո˵
ȴʵЩˣ̲ס˿ߡ
С㣬ǸŮ˾˵μϷʲôû˵ĸ첲һ£Ŀ˹
ﺬĻشʲôû˵ǻҪ𣿡
뺯ֻдǣûд巽λųôȵϤµΡ
ڴڼ̬֮֮Ϊ٣̶ѨҲҪȥһ
һ·־裬ʱ׼ս
ųǾĵģ˵Ϸ֯ߣǲμӱϷĸ֣Ҳûһ֡




1392¡
 

ǣ·ֻгͳˡ
孹ųһɵð붫СǳعģȻĵЩųҪСܶࡣ
ֻȸСȫšǽС¥ӦоС
ڼߵʱ򣬳ͻȻŴС
ܿҲˣתͷſڷ򣺡˰ѳˣ
ֻһһ¾С
ǽʱûµСΪ˱ƻϷĹ
СȻǳţųǣٶȻǳ졣
ĵȻ쭳ǳ̶
Ӻһ˹˹ڳ˵֮УֱײҪײϳˡ
ٲɲĻҲᱻСײ
鶼ǳվԭأֻгһ߶㿪
˹˹ԼĳǳţײϳһǣͻȻ˸ʮȴת䣬ȻӲͣڵϻǳǳ̥ӡ
һĿࡢԼʮ߰Ľ꣬һ˺췢ıŮɡ
Ŷֽɫ³һ§סŮɣ˺ɵ¶֮ɫ
ǿͳòıǳޣ̲סһڡ
ƯĻŮˣ˵ӢǴŨŨĿ
ĸҵĿˡ
ΨһԿ϶ǣʵǷӦμϷһҡ
ڽ§ŵĴͨŮˡ
Ǻãҽɪ򣡡ŵЦҽܵ
ɪļһкΪˣȫĵˡ
˵ÿϷʤߣֻһˣ븶Ĵۡ
ǵ¿϶Ҫɪƴһ
ûлӦɪϵЦ⽥ʤֻһǾɪ򣡱ҿһ㣬Сӣŭˣ³Ҹѿ
ɪƣΪ
μϷΪ١
ͲʲôϷ򣬳ֽѵɪˡ
ɪټʱһӰڸֵϳ֡
ǵдֵնͨ
ֵϳֵӰ΢һܹʮһˡ
лһһġ
ЩģӦúһֻһ뺯Ǵ˰ֹ
ֲһܹռˣΪϷĹпܹ涨ֻһ˲μӡ
Ҿ֣ҲζֽͲһֻҪμϷͻ֮УԶ޷ϷƲϵ
ͳһǣ֤Ѿľ
βμϷң硢̬ʸ죬ɴģдŶñģһιġ
ɪŷ֮⣬ᡣ
óԺðһ²⣬ܱϷڶ孾ٰ죬Էֵ뺯Ƚ϶ࡣ
֯أôŵˡһϸӳֵ
ĵһӦǣԷǻĹŴ̫ࡣ
תͷȥȴһݡͷͬ⬵ӡ
ƺļߵǰûпνϷ֯ߣе֮ɫˡ
ɨһȫң˵ӱϷˣˣҾɱˣ
󣬶겻㻹ôûģɪЦ
һû뵽˾Ȼʶ
еɺˡ
ôһ˵ϷʵԵж
˵ν뺯ֻĳ֯ųϷˣЩֵġ
ϣϲŪ顢Լ֯ɲ١
⣬ȴɪЦֻȻõϷ뺯ˣ
ٴ֣ʤ߿϶ɪȰ÷Ϸʸ뿪ɪʮ˵
ǴڻûԼʵ
мҡҡͷУڳҳǸɫɴŮˣǸŴͷһʮְ̺۵֮⣬ȫΪǡ
ڳֱӱ󵱳ɿˡ
۾ܶ˱׼
ɴŮˡʮְȷʵǿóģǸϵͺͷˡ
м۾ף˰ϣ嶫˫Ȳзϣġ
ɢΣϢòó࿴һۡ
ڴʱ棬ͻȻ߳źװӡ




1393¡֯
 

װӣģƽƽ棬ȫûһ˼ǵס
û˸ӡ
뱾ϷҶӾϷ֯ˡ
ȻҲˣġ
һӳ¶һʮֲмɫ
УӱڳҶʲôʸ񵣵ϷĲУ
ʾǵ뺯һװޱĿڵ
Լɪˣ׷ȡԼ뺯
ΨЦϷɳô֯ߣƲǲǣ
ʾ뺯װǸȻޱһ仰
ʱŭʲôҺ˵
ʾ뺯װظεǶಹһ䣬ΪʵȺǡԡŻ㷢뺯벻Ҫظı顣
ٺ٣Ϊϡǵ뺯𣿡
˵ţ뺯ͳˡ
ǻһ˿Ц˲佫뺯˺Ƭװǰ
ҪʲôֱõŰǵĹ棿̰ѱϷĽ׳ӾҪɱ䣡
һװɫȻȥ
ΧΪ֮һ䡣
ܵյı仯΢΢һݡ
ڳ֮Уֻп͸ͫĳװ֣
ǧ֮һ롢ǧ֮һʱ䶼װѾ˼򵥸ɴĳֶ
ֻоͷһ˻ȥ
ڵ֮Ѫӿ
װֵٶʵ̫ˣԼɪ˲ɵ¶ɵ֮ɫ
Ϸ֣뺯ϡһװĮ
û˸ɡԡ֯ʵˣкͬ뷨ңȫԼС˼
˳ʾ뺯֮óǳǣװĿ⣬ͻȻڳϣ
С㣬ʾ뺯
𾪵תĳ
ȻҲյ뺯
һ˲䣬оһֱԳӡ󣬱׵߸
ϷֻԳֺ͵ǵ˷뺯ôᷢ
Բ𡣡ûκνͣǴζְȡһ뺯
鶼ŵĿ뺯
С㣬㵽ƭǶ飿ʱʶʼ￪ʼ꾫˵лܿܶǻѻ
Ҳû뵽ԼᱻһŮƭôס
ڵĳǰǸ
˱Ը񲻱䣬ΪֹѾˣ
Ψһܿ϶ǣﲢظ֡
͸ͫúȫȫǸͨˡ
ͨΪʲôյϷ뺯
С㣬Ϊʲô˿ֻһ⡣
һΪʲôȴ⡣
ųȻһЦûκν͡
ֿװΪʲôСμϷֻһͨˣ
޿ɷ档ǸװĻӦ
㣬аۣȻ֯μϷЩ⡣
ĿһȻʵ֪˭
ϣû֪֯顣װȻ
ʱ򣬳Ѿں֯жˡ
ΪӺװУõһҪϢ
ǾǸŮ˱Ϊ֯ˣ
ڶ季֯ôŮˣӦָ
Ļ컪ǾͿԼС鷶Χ
óֻ뷢Ϣ컪ɣǸ֯ƺȥʱȴ֣ûźţ
ó̲סһֿڡ
ԭаۣԼɪװ˵ĳƺţǳ档
ǸɴŮˣ˸ʡ
а۲𣿡Լɪ´һСӿŲһа۰
аۣͿԴμϷҪϳ˵ʸ񣡡һӹĹâ
ܳǲǴ˵ааۣܼһǿ֣һ
ֻҪս֯ϣõ뺯ͿԲμϷ
װе˵
Ҿѵ벢ʾ뺯ǱϷݣǵĿҳǹͼ
˵ţһװóһŰֽӡһɫӵͼȥЩ졣
ôôңԼɪ򵱼ԼĲ
ÿ֮ҹͻԶɢ⣬ܹ͸ǽڣֻҪңҵõ
еĺװޱ˵Ϸݡ
˭ҵ˭ʤߣʱ뵽ȡϷĽ
ǱϷĽʲôԼɪʳһ˶ܹĵ⡣




1394¡Ϸ
 

װеһʼձ̱شǼȻ֪ʲô
е㲻ɣɪû뵽Ϸʼǻ޷֪
ǣΪ˽ȴҪŹ
ǲˣǰ
Ƿ׷ױԼĲ
ȻղװһɱЩҾװ
ÿ˶Լʵʮš
ðž޴ķμϷΪ˵õ֮Ľ
ڽʲô֪Ҫƴƴû뵱ɵӡ
˼ø࣬ΪʲôϷ֯ôǿ󣬻ҪЩҹ
ʵ̫߼ˡ
ҳĹУΣգ֯Ըڲֻ֣ܷصĸ֡
Ψ΢͵ͨ
ڳǵıԹװȫΪ
˵һÿνܳǵڴڲμӵĿ˳
⡭
뵽ϷĽڳûһ
͸ͫ̽һ½ǲǷװϣȻ͸֮ʲôҲû
װĳ
ѵڳ²⡣
ûǿȻ뿪뷨
ǸʲôʹơҪװ֪ĻǾͲˡ
»ֻܰϷĹ
뷨ʵҴܲһμϷ
Ȼԡеĺװ˳һۣĿƺͿһ㲻һаϷҴ֣ףİҲ֮֯УԺμϷ
û⡣δȳӦվ˳
еĺװͷɨȫ˵Դһ򣬵ڶ򣬱Ϸǲκܡȵȣսֻʹͨȭš
ûиҲãɪֿʼԹˡ
յڶһǺ֮أ
Ǹʮְˣ΢΢üͷ
ɪƶĹ˳αװߵĴʽ򵥴ֱֻҪ˷ԣһ߳Ϸ
ɪ̯̯˫֣״Ҵӿ޵ǴԶܵʲô
װϸ֮󣬾õڶ򲢲ûкô
ԼɪĿ࣬ƾȭţ̵ڳˡ
ǸɴŮˡ̺˺εͷֻȭŵĻʲôս
ǳ롣
֯ĹƽʱҴռƣ
ҸղǸװ˵֯ʲô֪Ҳ֪书ѵϷصظţ
Ϸ͸ŹϢѾ޷˳ϷĿ׼
飬ֿ³һʲôԾʹǻ뿪ǡ
ΪʲôҪ߳ΪкܶŮˡ
о񣬳΢΢һЦ
Ϊһ޸֮ŮӣƺΪƶеɥ
ʻʲô𣿡һϵ˵Ķ䣬Ǹͷڡ
װӦǻһǾ֮ǰҲҶᱻΪ̭
Ȼװûκ仯˶仰һ˿⡣
Ϊ̭Ľװû˵ڳȫһ
ǾϷǻ뿪
ʼɣ
һ䣬װʧԭأ֮˰Ծ̾
źװϷʼ˵Ľ䱸ᵽߵ㣡
飬һжȥǸԺ
仰ѹ˵ġ
ǰһСʱǣǵĽֿ̽˸š
˲²пܲڳΨһһԺ
ͷͳһȥ
ҵģ˭ҲԼɪǿ˳㻹ԼŶͷ
ҲҪĽпܲŹ𣬵ɪȴࡣ
ɴŮˡ̺˺ˣȫԼļƻȥطѰҹ
ԭصĳ˳ֻһ׳ӡ
Ҫɪ˫ȭԻƵĹײ
ȻҶʲôչʾõʾʽ
λŮҪԡԼɪɫԵĿ˳һۣתԾ׳ȵ㣬Ͽӹ
׳ûߣﵹϢ뿪ˡ
ԼɪΪܶҾ㲻ɣ׳һЦ




1395¡ɫ
 

Ŷ˭ԼɪȤĿž׳ӵ塣
ȿͷȾ׳ҪһȦ
׳ӵļγȷǳֲ֬ʿ²3
罡ھ֬ʶ׳ӡ
Һȭ֮ûԼɪһֻ׵ܰһ䣬˫ֽĳ飬¶һ⡣
ԼɪһЦѻĴ˳ŮƵһȥ
ҲԼ£һըԵĽ˶Ⱪ¶
ͻȻ֣Ϸĵڶʵ̫ˣӺܾûеƾȭŻɱˣɣȭ֮
ԼɪȻȣȻͬСɽ㳯ű˹ȥ
󼡰ԾײһѸȭͷԷк̶һڻ˼ȭ
ôŮϲǣǸԼɪѹסˣ
˵ȫȭھеǿѡ֣Ҳ
Լɪרҵȭ֣ȴѹס˺ȭ̲֮ס󷢣
ѹƱơ
ԼɪߣǿȻǱɱȵġ
ͷܣʲôõģ˫ۻͷòƣԼɪȭͷ
ԼɪЦܲ忿ʲôΪ̨𣿸ҵ
˵֮ԼɪȻȭһȭѱס
ڴڵĴŴǵһαѹƵôҡ
뵽ϷĽӹһ˿֮ɫ
ԼɪһȣΪԼɪȥ
ԼɪΪû뵽Ȼ
ЦһԼɪȭϱȭͷ
ȭͷûӣԼɪо𼫶Σյľס
һΣȭͷˡ
Ϊȭ֣Ȼֻǽƣ޷ʩչ
Ϊ˳ΪʤߣȻӹԼɪȭͷŰϢ
Լɪȥ㿪һȻƿڴfuckһȻƻ򣿡
ֻˣҰ㻹鸾ɱˣ˭֪ƻ򣿡ǹЦ
֪Уǿ߾ͲӦñơ
ֻԼɪ֫ͷԼ򵥵ĴŻعء
˵طЩҴֵʱ汾ˡ
ԼɪȷʵûоΧװϢ
Լܣ϶򲻹ı
ԼɪҲЩˡ
ԼɪתʱͻȻӰڱͷϹȵĽ䡣
һҽУӰȳһ̲ࡣ
Լɪ̲סһ
ԭװһֱڰмǡ
Ȼ֯ͺʹ˵б޶£ЩǿǲĴڡ
Լɪ費ҪǿһΣұѭϷй򡣡װޱ˵
Լɪϼһ˿εЦݣǣںͱĴ򶷹УȫûжܣǶõġ
װûκλӦֽʧڿС
װûڰ֮УԼɪŰһת߽
֮ǰ͸ֳͫԼɪȥ֮ȴûһ㡣
װҲûٶȳ֣ƺںԼɪڳҵʲô
Լɪͱսһ̣Ժſڡ
ûżȥΪоһֱԶԶĸš
飬㷢𣿡ɫʵ
ͷһ᲻
֪˵ָǳ
ȷȽȥ˵ţԺȥ
ԺɭɭģĲݵǣûһֲïʢӡ
һ͸оԾ
ͨ͸ͫԺڲƮһӰӡ
ꣿ΢΢ü
Ĺ꣬ôǽȥѰҹе鷳ˡ
Ϊܶƾȭ޷ɱꡣ
Щĳ֣óԺйĿԸ
飬ߣٶһҪ죡
Ϸ򣬲򲻵ѲЩƮԺΧĹߡ
û͸ͫ겻ǿġ
ֻܸųߡ
˶أٶȱǰ౶ϳѹ
Ҳٶȣٶƹ´ࡣ
ֻǽ֮󣬿ռС
귢ǵĸʱˡ
ٴһΣûпκηĶ
ԺſڣһŮˡ
ǳǸɫɴŮˡ
ɫɴŮ̧ͷһеԲ£˫һʡ




1396¡ˮ
 

̾һ֮ɴŮͥɢ߽Ժ
ǳǣûԺĹߣЩȴƺȫûһ
ɴŮϢĽ֮УĿѰҹĳ顣
ţӦǿһ¾ͷָǱ˽ˡ
漴ҲɴŮ˵Ĵڡ
˭ʮ־ʵ
ɴŮ˱촽һЦ⣺֯˵˫̥ˮ¡
仰Ŀ͵һ
͸ͫŮɴ֮Ŀ
￴֯ˣһ㶼
Ҳ˻Фͼȫ
ôΪʲôɴŮˣ˵Լ֯˵˫̥ã
Ժʵ
ˮµŮˣҲ²⵽Ժܲй
ҲҲҲԺĹ𡣡ˮţûкͳֵĴ㡣
ҳȥҲ
ڶˮǲ֯˵˫̥ãһȤûС
֮ǰҪҲҲζűϷʧܣٵֻϵ
ˮվڴſڣһûȥ˼
ɢ¹ˮݵϣԵЩ䡢λá
ǳȴһ˵Ůƺ¹⣿
⣡
ȥԸһˮ³ȥˮСһơ
ƺͳһˮ£һֻ֣׾ٵĵס
鲻¶ŵɫ
һܴʦȻˮɵĵ
飬˻ѵ
Ѹ˻سߣˮµûκηľٶ
ƻ˷
纮ǣסˮµӡ
ˮ΢΢һЦ֮⻪ҫ˵ҵķأ
仰ȷˮĳ»ֶΡ
Ȼܵסһơ
ˮ¶ֶΣװȴûг֡
Ҳ˵ˮ¿ԹȻˡ
ˮĿǰǵĹԲǺܴ󣬷Ըƻ򣬶
صظǣΪɣ²ˮº֯˵Ĺϵ϶⡣
֯μϷˮΪ֯˵˫̥ãӦòΪвŶԡ
ˮº֯ͬʱյ뺯ֻΪ֯һŪϵĸ֡
㵹Ǵˮԡ¹УԵԽԽƮˣʮǰҸڻһʱ䣬ǰͬһˡ
ȰϵģƫƫǽõǸˣ
ָ֪ожʹ𣿡
쿪ʼҲٿԼͽ㳤һģһҵĽ㲻ٴϣ
Ϊ̫ˣҲĶ֡
ΪϷɱᣬû뵽Ȼ
аۣʮǰҰϵǸ˻Ҫ޴
ˮ»һ䣬ԺͻȻ
ûзˮʹʩչļ
Ůˣƺ֯˻Ҫ죡
СģӦоϮǰ㿪
תȥԭһֹĸߴ񣬾Ȼеȡ𽣡յֵȵȳǴ
ðĵһͷǣѵЩ񱻹긽ˣ
Ļϵġ𡱡
ڲܶԼȻΧһʱֱֻܲӲ
ûʲôһ£оֱеۡ
Щʵ̫ǿˣ
м񣬱ʮֱۣŸַٶȼĳųһҡ
˳ĹΧƱҪ˵ſڣˮվĵط
ǾҪ»֮ӳֵˮˡ
˵䣬ҪƮĹꡣ
˻ûͷѡӲ񹥻
ˮ¼ܿסĹܱ飬΢΢졣
аۣ㲻ǱԼɪַǿöࡣ
ȭֱ۴ϣ
漴һļ򣬽ͷ䵽һԣ
ͷ߶Ϻ󣬱ֹͣˡ
һۣԭͷ÷ֹͣ
˽߶ϼͷֻʣʮֱ۵ľ޴
񹥻Ƶʵ̫ˣ̫ļ
ǳżֻҪϷļֱۣĹΧ޷ȫ渲ǡ
Ȼⷢˣ
ոմϵһֱۣͻȻͣ³һ⣡
㿪Ҳ룬߶㿪
أ
ľʵذ屻ըһӡ
ŷ⣬ͷҲɢ⡣
ϲܿܲͷ棡
ֱϣҪһ÷ͷ
ʱˮڶˡ




1397¡
 

ˮȻûת
ޱȡ
Ҫٴο⡢һзͷһ˲䣬ˮѾ۵
ɴСֶûü
Ӧˮ˲ͫײɵȻΣյâ״
Ϊ˵õ𣬳ûлǽȫ۵ֻ߳ϣ
أ
һľ죬ǿͷһá
ʯм׷ɣбĳһȭͷСİɫС
С״ͺװʾĹͼһģһ
ȴ޷ȥӡ
ΪˮµָѾ󱳵ļ⣬ٲܱܿˮ²͸
Σʱ̣Ȼûж
ֻʱͻȻеЦôˮº֯ˣ˫̥öϲӱƲࣿ
СӵŮ˷ȻѪȶֱ̬
ȸǿӲļ⣬Լˮָٶȡ
ô̶̵һ˲䣬㹻ʱ䷭ĳһƣ
ߣˮû뵽ܷٶͬ磬Ƶòơ
ڿͣٵʱ仹룬ˮ±͵Ϯɣһֻץȥ
ˮŸո֡
ǰйˮ²ŲæԹ־ڱصãĹ
ִһƣһˮץֻȥ
ˮָצһĻתץġ
ڰжƴһǣȻԷ˼ף䵽ϡ
ˮĳط»ٶȻѷһ
һ¶ƴ˭ò
ɵõˡ
¹𣬻ˮ֮Ŀڵ
Źصߣ˶һۣԺȥ
ڳ˵Ҫõ
ɲˮԺ˷ʱ䡣
οԺﻹô»ҰѾˡ
ܶ£ЩԳ˵ǲС鷳
ߣΣˮȻѾ״̬
Ժܵ¹ҫͬĹȣٶȿˡ
Լܣ϶ܿᱻˮ׷ϡ
ʶһ㣬ס֣һܡ
ѹ𽻸󻯱֤𲻱ߡ
ȥæʵ
ȥ磡
Ҳ룬ѿڶ
ֻƾֱһܲйĵص㡣
ǻιųǵʱοǾνܣ˵аһ޴İ߳û
Ǵ˵ϾֻǴ˵οҲӣûж˵档
ǱɹǣиľԼ˰
˵һһͷҰֲޱȡ
֮ܶİһضΣյǰξ㡣
ڳϵ֮ǰѾȵˡ
ʮְ̺۵ˡ
ʱս֮С
Ķһȫ°ͷűͷϴŶҵĹˡ
һѶʿ̺˱Ƶýڽڰˡ
Ϊ˵۾Ȼۣ
ҪǲܶҰݶᱻֹƳ̺ޱȷŭ
ͳһƲѣϷĹ
۹˿ͿӲǵסڲðݶȥðݶãܿܲй
˺սʱ򣬳鵽ˡ
ˮ½
ߴ˵ôˣˮ¿۹ˣʱһȡ
ۣû뵽УȻֹ
һСʱûзԺйŹ֣Ҳûз۹ˡ
ϷһʼЩͻȻȫðˡ
а̺˶ס֮ͣ̾ڡ
𣡡ȥͷһĺ
һ˰ݶ׷ȥȴˮ³
һɱ
ˮ²Ĺ𱻳ȵǡ
ҳҵڶãʡ˲
ԿȰ˵͸ʰˡ
ݶˮһۣʲôҲû˵һΧ͡
һӺ͵ʿݶˮִϡ
ʧȥʿսʮͱֵɱ
ݵĺݶǲˮ˵ʲô
ϾʼգǶǵˡ
ĿˮһۣݶȽ硣
ˮ²ĸں档
ݶͰݶһԸ
ʰĶ֣ʲôݶ֮ˮȫ
֮󣬶˵ʼѰܲйλá
ڳ͸֮ͫ£һࡣ
һ̣һݣâէţ̲סת
ΪڰУһԾ޴ͫ




1398¡
 

ǹֵʱͻȻʣĶʲô
ʱ󲿷˵ĵһʱ뵽ģ϶ڹꡣ
νǧĹ꣬ڹڻų١
ʵڹûǧô
Ŀǰ׵ļ¼һֻ256Ǵﲮ꣬аάԼ1750꣬Ҳ峯Ǭ¡䣬ֱ2006ڼӶ԰ȥ
ٶаϣռݵһģϢںͳ֮䲻ظĵˮĸֻҪӰ죬ˮĸ
ô˵ˮĸ֮⣬ûбڹĶ
ǣС
ڹĶߵĻ˶ǳ
һ2굽20֮䣬ԽԽá
߿Ի3040
ܻʮ꣬ҲԶԶ綯ϰڹꡣ
Դ󲿷˲ڹ곤ҲϺ
ôʷļأûĳڹøأ
256ֻǴﲮ꣬ڹеࡢ
ʵҲ
Ƴȥ置ŵʱ׹ɽϹڵɽһ
¥ߣжʮס
ʱĿ⣬һϣѾͨԡ
ֳҲʹ
׹ɽĻһٶ꣬ǲ256ڹ갢ά
ȻʷС
Ŀǰ࣬࣬ߡ
1978꣬ӥսߡſ촬ϵĿѧң̫ƽɺȡʱżһΪߣҲߡ
ߴͷβ1867ȦרҼϵȦͬľһ䡣
Ҳ˵Ӳߣ1867꣡
1867껹ڣ
ݿѧҹ㣬ߺܻܿ20ꡣ
һǳ˵ķ֡
ֻǷ֮ȥʮ꣬ѧȻ˵硣ûȷеĶۡ
вΪ鹹ġ
Ϊһɡսߡŷ˭ҲûۿߣʷҲûйߵļء
Ҳν鹹ģֱ磬͸ͫ
ɭ֮ڣһԾ޴Ѫͫ
ó̲סһ
̫ˣ
鲻ʮ׵Ȼ̻һȫĿֲߣ
ȦȦϡ
Ӧ˽˫ͬѪƵֱͫ塢Ѫ֮ɫȻš
޷ȷǲǴ˵еߡ
ֻ֪ߣԱϴ置ľҪΣգ
Ȼڵʵ置ʱҪǿһЩ
ֻǰϷ򣬲תĻûаڶʱڴߡ
Ҳ˰ߵĴڣǶѪͫһɣоԼ͸Щг
֪ϣкܶ೬ľͶ
ôİߣǵһμ
¡ܾûиеˣһӦץסĸ첲
£߹ǣҾƻ
ȻɵɵȫѭϷ򣬷СҪ
ĳطޣôֻ޺ܿػĳֱ
ټ۹ˣ˵Ҫĵط֮һ
Գٷְٿ϶һ
ܿܲиҪĶ
ֻǱߵס޷ƹ̽Ѱҵݵֵȵȡ
ڰֻǾĶǣƺֻҪǲԽ磬߾Ͳṥ
óԷ
ٴɨΣϷһƬռ䡣
һһ󵨵ľ
򿪴ϣӵȥӦþͿƹߡ
ȻðգȫС
飬һδ˵꣬ס
˻
ոһͫʱŷŭ֮ɫ
Ϻһ˲䣬˶ͷٶȼҧ
Ԥϵ߻ͻȻߵٶٿ죬Ͼͻ̫ˣ
ںһ㣬ߵĹ
һ̣ߣ򿪴˳ȥ
ţ˶ͷ˲Ѵײ˸ϡã
ߵͷ鲻
ߣ׷ǣְߵٶûôֲֻ;޴˴ѹȸ̫ǿ
Ϸ󣬳ܿԽıҵȥ
孵ĴģС߶Ҳܵͣ˰ߵͷ˲ܳ
ֻǰ뿪׷ָӦˣòͷ




1399¡׽Բ
 

ߴˡǶԷŭͫսˮ²¶η֮ɫ
ݶһӳĳ嶯
ԭ磬һߣ
ֻǰݶû뵽߾Ȼô󣬴ԶԶ֪
Ǻİۣǹ䲻á
£ֻҪվŲߴ˾Ͳṥǡˮ˵ţ˱ײõĴһۡ
ݶ˫ϥ΢΢һϺ
һ֪϶Ǹƹߡ
û׷ӦΪǽԵʡ
ݶȱżߴǶ孵ԺǶ˹ͨˮ»һ䣬Ȼ󵨵̽ǰһ
ͫһͷ͵Ĵܵˮǰ
ŵߵѪζ԰Ǿ޴ͫˮͨͨ
Ȼܹ򶨡
ݶɵöĿ࿴
Ůƺܲ򵥡
ѵˮµļ幩߲ɣ
ۿû̹ݶȥ˻
ߴˣ֪ǰ׷߰ɣˮ÷ǳᡣ
߾ȻöĻһˮµ
ˮŻµĳ嶯Ӳ
Լļ̷ǳţΪ߲ṥǼκˡ
ļӹȥˣͷĬˮµ
ݶĿɿڴ
߰ɣݶˮЦһȥ
ݶ˰Ÿȥ
Ȼûйǣǲһͷһۡ
ˮºͰݶ뿪󣬰ûںڰ֮У޷ʵ
ΪʲôսʱûиӦߵĴڡ
ȳ͸ͫŷߡ
ˮºͰݶĿȳ򵥣ʱɺҹֻҪҵˡ
ʱѾҵһ飬תƵֵ
ֵ󣬳̲׷
ô죿
鶼ǳ졣
ѵˮºͰݶҲǵķϷˣ
ǰֲǹ̶ģ϶׷ˮ°ݶˮ°ݶô׷ǲŶԡ
룬ԹԵĿ͸ͫѰҹ
һӾˣѰѾȥһСʱ
ĿǰֻҵһʣܸܿңҪĵʱ
ʱ俴Ƴԣʵǳȣֶ롣
óе鷳ǣ֮УЩط͸ͫ޷͸Ժ
ڷͷһʼû
˾ڰѰұ飬Ҳп©
ֵˣȥһ͸ͫѰٶȷǳ졣
һɨû⣬к뿪ֵ
سĶϢˮºͰݶûиǡ
ʱȣ϶ʰˮºͰݶֻڵĿֻһ
˫׽Բһֱұ䣬ˮºͰݶûжµǡ
صţǸ۹Ѿˣİûж
Ҳߵػʲô鲻ʵ
ҡҡͷܰػʲô޹أȥһصɡ
ã
ڳ뿪硣
뿪ʮˮºͰݶš
ˣݶüͷ
ˮƺ⣺ݶҪСа۵ʵڸٹΧгɹĹ
ߣĸֶûУȥҲУݶԴ˱ʾм
磬ʵֻһ֯ˡ
ֳУ塣
ϻкܶȰָĴڣֻ˼ҵ͵ϰ
Լһ
ˮûзݶ΢΢һЦݶǿԼô
ˣֻһʤߣҺҪʤ
ݶĿˮһۣȻ뿪
ʱԣɲˮֿ͸Ů˺
ˮºͰ˵һĻ̫ˡ
һŮʹ߹ǾǷʤ
ˮûֹݶ뿪ֻǿŰݶ뿪ķ򣬹һ˿Ц
һĿĵأǳϵĻķϵΡ
ѡεԭûбģΪ
ǲйĿɵصʵ̫ˣֻһѰȥ
ҪôҳװҲ߰˸Сʱʱ䡣
ķϵΣóʪ
飬òҪ̫
ΪаҽˣһʱͲο̺ĳֶء
Ҳ̷ֱֶء
֪࣬ʱҩͲôˡ
֮УСġ




1400¡ص
 

ķϵεܼȣʲôԺ绹ҪһЩ
˵ֲָ
鲢ǳˣҲоԼϹӡ
ҵεջֲܿɭﲻ֪ٸˡ
ֻǸоߣһǰ
εĺڰԳ˵ȫ⡣
͸ͫҹǻҪһٱ
ʵʹ͸ͫҲ׵һ֡
Ϊ͸ͫҪ
װûзһ㣬ʼûг֡
ͺˮһܹ¹ǿװҲֲˡ
뵽һ㣬װ֮ǰ˵ûϷ֪飬仰еЦ
ȻҲпװˮĻ񳬼֯硣
ѹ뷨̤Žݣһȥ
ԽصߣˮԽ
пܲŹ𣿡õֵطӦųŶԡ
ҾÿԲ󣬵ǵÿص㣬ֻһҹȥ
һ·϶֣ߡ
ӵ͸ͫĳ˵ѰһصЧʣҪߵöࡣ
Ҳ顣
෴Щܺͳǣ֣һںڰǰеÿһ̡
ֻҪǣųֲſŰĹҲ˿¡
ޱȾ׵ĵΣֻˮε
͸ͫһ·ɨȥһη˰׹ǡ
Щ׹ǻɢŵ׹⣬͹ɢм
᲻ĳʬ֮аԼĲ²⡣
Ӧûܣÿηȥһѡ
˷ֱ߶ߵηţȥѲһ߾߹Ǽܡ
ܿ죬ηѱˣͰһһ
һʼԺҵֻöѡںڰпĴ۾ͬźڱʯ
һʱ仹кܶ࣬ǳȥҰɡ
Ҫ뿪ΣͻȻ֮䣬ιһɺ硣
ûͨڣǲӵġ
붼룬鶼õΡ
ȥ
ߡ
ߵͷһǽ֮ûڻͨڡ
ôղǹɺôģ
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Ϊ͸ͫͨǽһһ΢⡣
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أ
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ǽ棬һ׵ͨ
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һӺ󣬳ͻȻһ䣬ǰȻʡ
ǵصһƬ޴Ŀռ䡣
Ƭ޴ռ֮ڣһÿøߴĺɫľҲ֪ʲôƷ֡
һ⣬Ҷ϶䣬ֱ治Դ
֮⣬ˮ
ºӣ
ºӴںɫɭ֮УҫˮҲ⡣
ʲôطԽԽˡ
ǵĵص£ȻһƬɫɭ֣
˵ȥ˭ţ
ųǵʵ̫ˣ
ɵ뵽֯ҪҳʵͼıĿܲǹ𣬶ǣ
ɭҹɡ
Ϸͼıʲôں
Ŀʼû
߽ɭ֣߲Ȼһ
ɭ֮УȻվһŮˣ
ŮˣǣһͷɫֱӸǵź
ɭ̫϶ҪһǸŮ˵Ů
͸ͫһ¾ͿǸŮ˵ݣҲͲôˡ
ûͻȻںɫɭеŮˣǳ
ֻ֮ǰͷֻ糤ȣȴ˽źȥ
Ժ̸һӰػ
ʩչлٻػΪýĳͷ賤ͺһ
ֻʱͷֻȴ˽ź
ΪȺܳͷϴζ೤һ롣
һ̣޷жǰŮӾǳػ
ɻѪϣûɻѪػ
ҳ͸ͫҲûп˿̳̺
ӡ֤ǰŮӲػ
ƫƫһͷ賤˽źŹȥСʱѡ
ܲǴٷ
ȥʸ
ǰ߳㿪ڵڣҸóƺΪС㣬ػ




1401¡
 

𳤷ת
һת¶֮ɫ
ԭԴڳϡ
һųһһССĹ𣬺ͳõǸһģһ
ⲻòóеԾ
Ǻòײҵһ𣬳Ϊһ޸֮ŮӣȻҲҵһ
ֻǵ˿̷ǳƽޱϲͺһŵá
촽͵ڵңҡ
ʲô˼üһ
仰˵̫ˡ
ֱһͷˮ
С㣬ʲôĿģ𣡡Գһ㶼
ϵĹ֮Ҳ׼
ոǿͷס֣޳ָͻȻ
֪ʲôֻҪһҾͰ顣
ͼ
ȻȥǸŮӣڵܹͽ
ǹĻҲζ˶ⳡϷʧߡ
˳òǿ뷨
С㣬μϷҲõɣ𣬶ûκκô
ԣһЦĴ
ˣ
ҸںʲôϷĽ
һʼҪֻϵɻѪ񡣡
һװɣɻѪңҾ͸𡣡
Լ䡣
ԽԽλ㵺ˣһ˿ػӰˡ
ȻȷǰŮػǳ
ǳҪɻѪžػ˼
ػ޷οƳģ
ڿԻԼʶ
ҳػ֯Ůˣʲô
Ϊʲô֮ǰ˵鶼֯˽ģ
ǳ֪ЩĴ𰸡
ԼȡǿɻѪġ
ɻѪ񣬳һ۵һ˿ڲزס
С㣬ң㾿ΪػΪ֯˰£ش⣬ҾͰɻѪ㡣˫ʵ
ǳǳһЦΪûκҪأȰɻѪ񽻹
ҪȰֹ
ͳͬΪŮˣĵиһɻѪ񽻸޷Ԥϵĺ
˿ɻѪ񣬲ɵЦ
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סƷɻѪɵǰ
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鱾Ϊ꾫ʲôû뵽ﻹسŵɹɻѪĽ
С㣬õɻѪҲûʲôá
ͲųͻȻһŮӣһ֣޷ʦ
С㣬ÿɰ
ʼչŵЦ⣬漴ĿתƵϣﲨ
Ҳܿ죬ҾͿԺ㲢ˣҳȻ㣬ͲԼһֱ΢ȥ
ܵİ⣬һʱ䲻֪˵ʲôá
龰£ʾȷʵǳͻأ
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꾫ͷβûһ滰һֱƭΪϲ𣿡
ʱ֤һаɡĿ˳һۣͻȻ봩ںɫɭеĵºӡ
ܹȥһѾʧں֮С
Ůˣ𣿡鿴ͷĵºӣȥļ΢΢
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ϸϸ˼ÿһ仰͸¶档
ڵһҡʲô˼
˵ʲô֮󣬺ѵָʵ
ͻȻǿҲΪػɻѪʱͲˡ
飬ȥɡ
ѹ񼣬ٶ뿪ɫɭ֣߳ķϵΡ
ʮص㡣
ֻؾûôˡ
вСʱ˻Ҳ
ǳľϴٳȣ˿Ҳ̲סһ˿֮ɫ
˵𣬱ҵˡ԰ο
ǰһ飬˵еǻȥǱ߰ɡ
ͳͬ뷨ģԼɪˡ
Լɪ󺺣߸СʱȥӰӶסŮɾһٷй
йϺԼɪŮɻصſڡ
ʱ˶ˡ
βסġ
˳һ֣˵Ŀ⣡
а۰Ȼҵ𣿡Լɪϵϲ档
ΪسǴ˹⡣
ˮ¡ݶ˻ԹۣԼɪȴǲĳų߹




1402¡
 

аۣʵҺܻɣ㵽ǲǴָǸ
ɪ߱˵
ٹΧˣ˵׹֧ԮһF35ս
Χ֮£˵ʲôǰڶһ
ðüаۣ孴ƻ˲뵽ʵһжǻĹٷڸ
ԼɪԼúе
ָʱ;ãһ˵սǿֵز
ǿǾٹΧˣ˭ܶס
İа۴úһʵ˵˺ܶȥЭаۡ
Ȼ˵Ĺȫаϡ
ɻĵһȫЧڶǿΪ֮Ժ󲻸׵ﻪġ
Լɪ򲻵òϣȷʵܸ˺ܺõЧӦ
˿ɲ١
ԼɪԳʱˮ¡ݶΪ֮һ
һʼװȷϣǶųǴ˵еаۡ
Լɪôһ˵ҲԳġ
һɵ㣬ǳʵ̫ˣ
Ϳһаȫմߡ
ڶԼɪ˵ڸٹ֮׹֧ԮΧ֮£ʲôܹ뿪
һڶλпܰ쵽
һͻȻðͷ˸֣ȴܡ
аҪôͳˡ
ô޿ɷ˰ɣԼɪЦúܵ⡣
ȻôȻûй𣬾͸ҹһȥ
ϷаСʱɲԼɪϻ
Լɪȴĵ˵˵ˣǻ氡鹹һֵţͿԽŴָͶ季ϷҲһ֣ٺ٣ϧμϷȴַϡ
Լɪδ䣬Ȼһȭ
أ
Լɪ˫һ׳˶ţɺüס
ҪǱǳǽڣԼɪҪɸԶ
ǿƥȭԼɪֱӴǽ
ڳĸ֣иɵ֮ɫ
ԼɪʵȻû̽˭óԼɪͣ͸֡
ټϳſڵѪеľ׳ӣܾܿǱԼɪɵġ
ּĸ֣Ȼаһȭǽڣ
аۿԶȻܹ
ڳĸȫ֪ûжκ
ȿȡСԼɪ򻺻Ӱѵǽ߳Ѫһҳ
΢΢죬Ϊһȭܹ˵⣬û뵽Լɪ廹ͦġ
Сӣ̫⣬һȭֻǸˣ
ԼɪͻȻһųͳȳ˵
ˮ¡ݶȸͫ΢֪սҪʼˣ
ǿаǿȫѹԼɪ˻еôġ
ֻڸϲǣĵڶȭȻȵһȭҪͣ
Լɪ˫ȭӻ˫ţһȭԼɪС
ƽƽֱȭȴΪٶ̫죬Լɪȫܲ
ۣ
Լɪûбɣȭ֮ȫϺ״һѪ
һѪȫɻȥԼɪһ
ֱʱ˲Żع
ԼɪһŮɡһ¾г
ΪԼɪԭɫ˲һƬɷף˻ѿ
࡭࡭
ԼɪﲻѪг𾪡־֮ɫ
κаۣȻȭͰñ
ȷеĽа۵ĵһȭûȫ
а۵һȭͺޱղѾڳǽˡ
ԭаֻСֻһԼɪĵڵϣȴǲܿƵĿʧ
˶пԼɪˡ
аۣǻĵһ֣
ˮºͰݶ˶ңԼɪ̽ס
ǲٶԳκӡ
аôǿǵĶ֣һϣ
ɱаۺٸƾ𣡡
ˮµϣ֡
ȻܼɵŮˣݶǺԥĵͷӦˡ
õҪ飬Ȼ֪
μӱϷĸ֣Ѿ롣
Ǹͷεֻû֡
ǰ뿪
ǰĳ˳֮⣬ĸ֡
ֱһŮ
ˮºͰݶʵѾʶˡ
֣һǵġƺͲ֪϶Ҳó񶷵͡
ֺˮһ£̴һ¡
ϣ
ˮʧԭأһ̱ڳԺָ£ֱף
ĸ֮Уˮµʵǿ˳Ҳߡ
ˮ¸֣Ѿĳһƣ




1403¡û
 

һˮ²֮ǰԺջָָؽΪצ״ųץȥ
ͬʱݶҲˣԳγɺΧ֮ƣ
ĴּͬһʱΧǵһϢɪ򶼲ɵõɴ۾
Ȼɱ˵ʵǿһΡ
ĴֳֵٶȣԱ죬Ǹˮ£Ӱãּ·¹⻪
ɪпͷǳ˼ˡ
ΪϷ涨ҲöֻܿȭŶս
ˮʹĳף
ĻаǿҲˮµĶ֡
ˮһ֣Լɪ;ʤѷ֣Χˡ
Լɪжֻһ֮䣬ˮµצѾͳƻϣ
Ҳ۽Դȭƣ
ݶȭһ˲䣬ȴ
ÿ˶ƶгɵ飬ȻͳҪս
˼ͬʱ֣Ⱥˮ¶ƴһǡ
ˮµָģֻоָûۡ
ȴûκθо
ˮǾ֮ɫ»ӳ֣û뵽Ǳѹˣ
ˮֽ֮סֵĹ˲ˡ
ٿȽסݶȭͷ
ˡ
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ǴҶܶͳĵ۰
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ܶĻҪʰҪѲʱ䡣
Ҫˮң»֮ӳ֣ܹסĹ
ټ񶷸֣ȷʵôöԸġ
ټϰݶΧܱ֤Сʱ֮ڣĴ֡
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ݶа۵ŮѾͽˣǸŮӲץסĻа۾ֻǰڲ
ˮµ̴úܾ
ע⵽һֱעضı
˵ĹϵԶ
ҪǱݶס϶š
ˮѣݶ֪ô
ⷢһ죬ͳȥ
ˮºּΧ
žȭӣ̶һ˫֪ƴ˶£
ȭƸĲϽп࣡
ۣʵ̫ˣ
Ǻͳÿƴһȭţ͸оһһĵۣ
ܿ죬񶷸ֵֽŶˣ
֪ٴȥԼֽźܱܿϣ
ǲòͳԹһ⣬ܵøң
Ϊѡ֣ʰĵһаۣȴû뵽ƾаۣҲǿ
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񶷸ﻢ£ֻܼϣˮϡ
Ϊǿóˮ¾Ȼһսһ¹⡣
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Ϊܹ޸ˣˮ²ܶסôá
߽ǰףϷʱҪˣ
˫սûֳʤ
ͰݶսУҲѽѷ֡
ݶǿ۸񶷼ɣȴԶԶ书顣
ߵƮ·ӣݶȭһ¡
ʮơ
Ȼ鱻ݶһȭ˲ˡ
ĹҲԱأ¶
ݶӲƷ˲λԽԽ࣬ѾӰ쵽ս
˰ݶɫǳŭ꣬Ҳѹһĳ֣μϷȻһС
ʶĻѧݶһ⣬˳սϷ
Ϊ书˵ֱ˵ȫûĸʽ
֪ٴȥԼܻܿ޷һ¡
Ҫĥ
ǰݶսҲûа취룬ƮƷݶķλȫסݶֻܿ
ڿԷһ۳Ǳߵս
ٻܰݶȻȥ
ֻԽԽͣ񶷸ּмܲסˣ
󲿷ȭˮ½ס
ˮҲǿ಻ԣôƺԶƣ
ѵ
֯һаΥ򣡡ˮ´е
Ļôܺ»ӳִֵôã
һԽԽ͡
ˮɺװվڳŵķϡ
һװаûס
ˮ΢΢һСıȭεգ·պƬ̵һ۵ᡣ
ˮҲ飬ϾԼѡ֡




1404¡
 

ֻɫ¹ԽԽ΢ˮµҲʧ
֪Լٹʮ룬ذɡ
ûΪʤϲΪĨǰԽԽˡ
ˮº񶷸֣ҪʱȥҵϷļʿ˵΢΢
뵽ĹԽԽʮ룬ֻʮ룬ܴ֣
ͻȻӦΣյϢ
ţ
Ҳ룬ջضˮµĹƣһ
ƣ
Լʮֵζ̽ӹ࣬ڳǽϡ
孿ޣ
Ŀתķֻһϵˣһֻޡ
˱ˣ﷢⡣
𣬱һһСҵˣ
ǵã˱װΪ
ǰ²Ƕˣ˭Ҳû뵽ÿΪ
֣ǵѡ񡣡ˮʱ䴭һ
ղҪһͿˡ
ȻµݣܱƵóܿޣ˷޵϶С
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һ䣬ҧŵģ˫ָסģֻܹޣȫԳȥ
˵Ҫɱж֣вĶ֣ǻаۣ
˻ôɱˮǣüǣƳԼսΧⷢޣ֮
ˮº񶷸Ȼóǡ
ֻҪһεͷʲôµģ
㣬ñңȥΧаۣһ߷ޣһ߶
ǣһͷ鷢ȥǸˣʵȴǸСӡ
ѹŵϣλΪһӰ˫סֻޣ嵽󣬶ųಿλݺݴ䣡
ԭʤȯյĳ˹ƣټһּΧ޷̽ˮˡ
µĳ֣ó׶
ΪѾȫҵ
ֻҪЩֵΧͿɱϷ
аۣ֪ʲô²ϵĳЩţϧ㻹̫ˣСˣ
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֮ԲӲӿޣһǿ̺ĪǿͿĳֶҩ
ӲӵĻϵĶҩܿɢڱǣ¶ƤҲпܱ塣
аۣ˵̫ᣬΪ̫עߵˡһصɫ
νΪ£Ϊϣһ߷ޣһɢעǹ֮
Ұ֪а۰ǸŮİΣ÷ǳҪ
ãапΪǸŮԸԼ
һսӮˡ
ǰµŮ¸ںΣ
֮󣬾Ͱ季мпᣬ˵ѵ
ڰ˵һѵһɱ˻޸ԡ
ȫ飬һ֪ǻ¡
ڳҪһ߻飬עⰲµ͵Ϯһ߻Ҫսȡʤٶּˡ
ٿŷϵװλ˿ϵֱȻĮ뱾Ϸӡ
ӣ
仰ȫһ¡
ͺ߿Ŀʦ˵վš
ʱ䲻ˣ
ת˼սķ
󣬳ͻȻһ
飬һã
ڳݶֵ仰ȫûӦ˵ʲô˼
һ̣͸оǿҵУ
һֱֻס鵱
֫һתֵĺϹ˲
ǳսķʽ
嵱˹Χ
ԭֻпռΧϣǳһкɨǧʲô϶ˣ
һʮᣡ
޷˼򵥴ֱķȡͼӰЧ
װһ档
ϵİȫɵۣ޶Ƿˡ
飬ʹʹǸʵ
ɹתоʹɢ˼Ƶġ
ǿȫɨڵأ鲻¶˼ɫ
һ˲Ӯⳡսʤʲôʹںˡ
ҡҡͷ΢Цʹһ㶼ʹ
֪ڳǿҲҴҿ棬ֶʧȥսˡ
ˮ¡ݶ˾Ϳ֧ŲסһǺɨǧȫڵ




1405¡õ
 

Լ֣ȴ޷˲֣ΪȻ֧ŲסϾûгš
ûбס䲻һӮⳡսʤʱ뻹Ҫһӡ
ڽȥʮ롣
ҪȥᰲµĹͻȻоһӰٴ
ΪһߣװҲ
ֻǳԤſ޴һ߷ɳȥ
Ȼ첽򰲵ȥ
аۣȻǸ
־ŭ
ղŻ˳ᢵ˿еˡ
ۼҪߵǰͻȻηϵһɫť
¡
ͷȫըһŨŨĺɫ̡
Ա
û뵽»һС
ԱԱλǵһμ
Ϻʽĳ֣ɱ
˵ţҲΪǰµ۷
ѣ͸ͫһɨͿһ޵Ӱӣ뷭ǽڽ븮ڡ
ҡҡͷС
δ䣬ǵӰıһץץסµĺ󾱡
ſң
ֻһ·ûˣֻʣһɫ׿㡣
Ǿſ־壬ζû뵽Լġڱݡᱻʶơ
ʵû͸ͫпܱͷˡ
͸ͫǡǡڱϷУ˳æ
ȫ͸ͫõġ
һֻֽൽǰһֶֻ߬ŵĹʱ仹ʣһӡ
ڻ̫𣿡
һ仰ʵð޵ݡ
ҿһͻȥˣ
δȰ¿ģһ˰µĲӡ
ʣʣ
װ·ܣһ߹ƣһ߻
аʵ΢֯Ԥڣĺܲ
ת߹վһ

װĳޣĺ޲
ģ͵źװϷƷ
аģʵԤڣǸĽҲԳԤڡеĺװ˵Щװڶȡһɫľºӡ
Ӳ֪ʲô͸ֻͫɢɫâ
ŹŰͼ̹ɿĹĵʯǱϷĽ
мĺװСĴ򿪺ӣֻʢһų˴ĴָСɫʯɢ̹⡣
װֻó鿴һ۱ʯְѺӸϡ
ʯ̺֯Ƶĺʢţܲʧ֪аűʯ𣿡
ùɡһʯ˲䣬ȷϱʯ̺֮ǰõʮʯҪǿ
ĽȻ⡣
ֱֻ˵װˡ
˫˱ʯ͹𣬳װûеõ˼Ϸ֯Ժ
˾뿪ǡ
аȵȡ
еĺװס
аǷǳڴμһϷʱҿܻᵣУԳƺΪ³
˵ţװ֣ͳ֡
ӣûһˡ
ϷĽǺˣǳ֯ǣ̫
Ļ³ߵװȻϢ
ô붯֣õﻹװ
ڿԶװһϣҲ˿塣
³۽ǿһͿڵаߡ
ϵٰΣûʱսǴŷȥ
Ŀͳ뿪³һ˵Ӧύһа۵ʵˡ
³а۶֯ղΪʲôǳ֣ߺװʵ
³ȻаʵǿһϣɱҲҪһĴۡ
Ϊаڰλãǳа۵ʵλ³̫߹аˡ
аȷʵֻڰǰǳӽˣȰѹᡣ³Ҳû̫߹ʵ
Ҫָֻ֪˳ʵ;˵˿ԻɱǾ仰
뿪Ǻ󣬳ӦСϾпȥ
ĺɫӣ˼
Ҫѵʯ֯ˣܸоôǳס
ҵȻ֯˵õʯ΢Ц
õʯһ˲䣬;űʯָԼʵ
ʯƿŷѨţûκ⡣
кܴĿƿڰţʵػ۷塣
Ȼȡڱʯȶԡ
Сʱ󣬳صϾС
һͽӵһͨİ˵绰




1406¡ʽ
 

Ȼûʧ
绰Ůһڣ˭
֯ˡ
ŮֶηǷոճΪϷʤߣ͵õϢ
ɣ֯ǲǰ˶
ȻҲпǳ뿪Ǻ֪ͨ֯˵ġ
ڳ˵ػ֯ʲôɸ˵ĽףǾͲö֪ˡ
õϷٳҡĻӦûһķϻ
֯Цû⣬Ǿ˹͢Ƶɡ
Ҷϵ绰˵
֯Ļٹ鲻̫š
У֯Ů˷ǳթóŮˣ»ôֱ
˵֯ûˣթǶȥ˹͢Ƶ꿴һý컪ھƵ긽š
˵ţ΢Ÿ컪ɷָ
ڶҡ飬컪ִ̫ˡ
ܿ죬鵽˹͢Ƶſڡ
ݽ컪ɵĻ㱨Ŀǰûֿڸû
Ҳż֯˿϶Ҫõʯֻ¹ʯǳ˵Ρ
Ƶ󣬳鿪һᣬ֯˵ĵ
ԼʮӣһɫکƵͣ
ûĻ֯˴һùˣ
کӰ컪̸
ǲҪǽ
ûдý컪ɴֱӳ֡
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ֻ֯˴һصĺɫȹǣһŮ֣³Ƶſȥ
ǸŮȻеһλ
ֻǽ컪ϲŮ˫̥ûеĽ㣬á
⣬֯󻹸װӦǱڡ
߽Ƶ¾Ƶ꾭Ƶ꾭ڵĺڡ
٣һ¾ϳ֯ǣŵģٽûеá
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а۳ʽˡ֯ȹӣŵ
ûик֯£һɶӡ
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ҷǳлǰʱٵչˣ㣬ǵĶòͲ֪ЩǮ̣˶ٱ顣
ô˵ҶԼŮأ
Ұٴض孺Ϊ˲Щź㲻֪ҶǶãҲ֪ΪǸ˶١
νĸǰǵļǿĨ֪ǵĴ˺ж𣿡˵䣬תʱܱ
ܵɱ֯˻ܶװȴ̲סķ
ÿµˣ
֮ǰ˵аѱʥ֮ͽɱû뵽аۻڶ孡
֯ڣаǿӦҲʲôˡ
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ģֻûǵһСμ䣬ʲô󰭣ˣҲˣϷĽɡ
أȻʵгɱ֮⡣
Ҳųһվʱ׼֡
֯˵Ц⽥ûοˣΣѾȫǵˣֻΪ˱л⣬ҲűǵĻ֣ٺĸϣõĽڹ綫季ҲõĹޣ㽻ϷȻ뿪季ʵߵóǶ季
Ŷ𣿡
ȫ֮ŤģǿŰӿ
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һ䣬Ҫ֡
ţ
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еҽֵĺ
ٴĻµģܶ٣Ҳ޷ָ䣡
Ҫˣ
˵޷ǻָ䣿·ʲôЦ
ûаջָٵļ䣬ôóȻ֣




1407¡
 

аҽʲô֢ûмأ
ֻþ֢ʤ
֯˶»ԳĽǶȿҲԹΪ֢һ֡
ֻβͨҽֶЩͬˡ
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û뵽һԲϣҪ֡
ΪٵĸףҲٵв
ûκɣóסˡ
䣡
˲Ծ֯ǰ̧־һȭ
֮ѷٻ
ϣһȭеģֻ֯˵Ļ
ʶΣգ֯Ѿ÷λ˰һߡ
Ҳ֯ˣסٵ֣º͵˵٣Ҫ£ܿǾܻؼˡ
ҪҵļҾҪһ𣡡ٺµˣͼѳ֡
飬Ƚ㡣
鿴٣Ȼֳ֯˳ȥ
аۣ̫ˣ֯ŭɫ
֪ǡ
䣡
һȭɱȥ֯˵Ļɷ飬ưǽڡ
ƵķԱͿŵɢ
ﲻǻģǶ季аۣҪΪĿۣ
֯ͬУһ䣬Բʮ׵Ŀռ併һȦĻ
ܽ׼֧ԮĽ컪ɣмʮ£ȫĻ
֪Ļ֯˵һֻ컪ΪͨˣȴԺĻ޿κΡ
Ļ֯˻ûΪϰٸӰվڵϣƮڰУĶų
аۣ书ٸߣǻĵһ֣孻һңһͽͣ
ΪҵĻƵľǻѧ
֯ˣѻֲС̧ôߣǿЦ
̧ͷŰеϰٸҡͷЦ
ʵ֯˵һȷʵĳ̶ֳϿѧ
ˮƽ߳ĻʦܹŪڹ֮У߾ƣ߶޷һ¡
ƫƫ֯ˣνĶ孵һʦ
֯˵̣̳͸ͫ
ӵ͸Ҳζſһлһˣ
˵֯˵ûȷʵǳЦ
аۣͷ㻹ЦóµȥЦɣϰٸ֯˻뿪ڣ֮
һ䣬ϰٸΧסĻͻȻһͬ׳һɫסĸ岿λ
ųȫסȴһ㶼ǡ
Ϊ֪ɶЩĲơ
ǳûж㿪ǹűס
ϰٸ֯˻ٴ뷢Ȼץס
յֽ˶챻ճһ˹ˡ
ȴһϷʵĻȡ
㻹Цó֯˿ϷʵЦ⣬ɵŭǡ
ƾʲôͷЦ
֯ˣЦ㾮֮ܣ
˵仰˫֮ϸתͬʥĻ۽𾦡
漴˫һϰɫ˲ϣ
ͬʱϰٸ֯˻뷢
ܣ㲻ܵҵĻ
֮֯ɫ
Ҳûĸ֡
Ǿָ֣ҲҪĻ
ֻƳģ
˵ˣΪ޵Уʵֻһֻ֮ܣ
ߴ͸ԣͬһ㣬ϰٸ֯˻ס䡣
ר֯ˣٶκӰ졣
ǻѧʨӺ𣿡֯־ŭ
һ仰Ȼܶϰٸʵ˺
һΪԻѧһ֪ԭ֪ʨӺ𣬲
ưʵڷ̡
ȻûʲôʨӺֻ΢һɰˡ
ߣʨӺ𣬶ҵĻҲûκЧΪҵΪƳҵĻˣ
֯ǿԼ
ղչȻܳԾӦˡ
˵һǿˮ£ϧһԲɱˡ
仰֯΢΢һ
ˮҲȥμϷˣ£㾹Ȼɱ
Ȼ
֯ˣɱˮ£һɱ㣡
ʵûֱɱˮ¡
ֻ֪Լ뿪Ǻ֯ʧȫ
ڳᵽˮ£ֻΪ˷ɢ֯˵
ʦʦһԾҪǳߡ
ȶˮƽҲּĲ
Ȼ֯ɱãΧĺĻʼ䵭ˡ
ˮ¶һãȻɱǾ͸Ӧڶ季




1408¡ָ
 

֯һ񣬻ûĻİΧס
ٸһ֣ųɱ
Ȼڳ͸֮ͫ£Щͬմʪֽһƣ
úٸѡӣ׼֯˵˹ȥ
ô֪
ž
֯˵˵һ룬ͱһصϣ
֮䣬ٸɢӰ٣ΧĺĻҲΪΡ
֯˵ײڵϣͷѪͷɢȥʮǱ
䵽棬Ŀ֯ˡ
ʵҪ֯˻ûٸҪһҳûô졣
Ϊ֯˵ͣڰգǲתƷλ
ûٸ֮ķתƷλٶȴ͸ͫһ¾ҳˡ
˲Ƶ֯ȫŵɫ
ȫ벻ΰ쵽ġ
Ϊʲô
֪Ĵ𰸣˵Ȼʵ
֯ȻһЦΪǼҫҲض孵ģ
ȥˣָֽһҪȡ֯
Ҫɱ裡
ٿŽг
һɱ⡣
ٵܿܲ֯ҲˣǾͳĹ¶
֣ͣٷɱӻ֯ǰ
衢裬㲻Ҫֱȥǳ
֯ٵͷˣһҪ豨𡣡
ٶԳĵ⡣
ߣ֯ˣȻ㲻˵Ҿ˵һ
ڵٳ
ֻҪٻָ䣬νĳҲڡ
˵ţȡЯĸ롣
ʲô֯˾ĵɴ۾аۣòûҽٻָɣҸ㲻ܣ
ǻҽص֢УŲš
ὫǰֱͷѨضѨѨ䡣
ס֣˺٣֯˶ʱˡ
ڻĴһʱ䣬֪βȷʵһЧ
ڳŮͷʩ룬ΣϵͨĿɱȵġ
һĻ
һСģܿܽγɰ׳ա
ôŮΪʲôԼͲκΣˡмʵ
֯һʱƿԡ
ٵĻǾʧȥ˺ͳ̸̡
֮βʧ䣬ʱ򻹲Ҫͷϡ
֯˲ϧŮΣվء
Ȼֻ֯˵Ŀ
ʩ룬һΣա
ͷ֮󣬳ʼСĶ
˵ͷмҪѨϵͳ
Ҫһ˻ָһȱʧļ䣬ͱ̼⼸ҪѨ
ǻͨҽ㶮δ̼ҪѨҲ޷ٻָ䡣
Ϊ֯ٴ»÷˷ӡ
ͨҽ룬޷ͻӡ
Գ˵Ǿ׾ˡ
谭עͷҪѨ֮ڣʼ̼񾭡
ٽ۾ƤϲȻǳ¡
֯˿ýס
ȫĶͶ˶ٵƵУ̼񾭣һضܳ֡
ڳҽѾȵľаҽҪǿһ֡
ʮ֮󣬳ͷϸȴһȡ룬ס
۾һǣϲ˼͸жȵһͬӿֳ
һ˫˵Ĵ۾޷Ƶᡣ
磡
ٵһӦſۣס
ӣΪ֯»ʧȥڳļ䣬Ȼڶ孹ŽʳȴоԼһ˿ȱݡ
ڻָ䣬ȱʲôˡ
ǾǴͽͬ˵ĳ
ۣںϣҲǸпǧ§ŻŮĸ㷢
һԵ鿴ʮοҲʮָж
֯˳׵Ĵסˡ
ȫû뵽ٻָ䣬õĻ
а۳ʵ̫棬̫˼飡
ܵһͿأһмƻͼıȫա
˿̣֯ɥ
٣֪𣿡ٱһСᣬ㿴ʵ
̧ͷ磬Ⱦҽ㣡Ҫͻʳǹʳɻˣ
ʲôǹʵδޣȻһ
ȻŭĿ֯ˡ
ԭǹʣߣ϶˲ٺôɣ
ô޸֮ӣҫҲǼҫ




1409¡ս
 

޸֮ҫ֯ˣʹ𣿡
ɵһЦ
ţԸ޸Ǹʲôǹʡ
֯˶»Ӧ
аۣǼͻζʲôΪףҼ޸ǹһ㶼ίΪ孵һ̫õĽǵһػİˣ֪ҪҸٱ
Ҹ֯ˣٳĺţ㾹Ȼǵĸס
ٴЦҡͷһֻḧοǽ١
죬ҽǰ孻ʹػģ
аۣ𣿡֯˴󵨵ľʱ𾪡
ƾı£ܴӻʹȳ
֪̫Ӵ飬Щ֣
ڣԭʥͽ͡
һˣܽɻܣ
˵Ƕ孵һʦҲǰȥμӻ硣
ûлģɣ
μӻʳӴĸжô֯һ
ȥϾˣһᶼûС
ûлᣬͲٵġĸסˡļһ䡣
֯ȴһ߲֮ĶûУһתͻȻ뵽ʲô֪ˣȥʹ϶ڻǰ͵͵ڸƼĻϾˣаŽǶ學ֳײڽ£
ҲǱʹڻٰǰ˾лᡣ
֪Ѿסʹľǿ󵽿ԸʹǱȥˣ
˵ҪǱʹ𣿡
мһЦ
飬а۳ڻϴΣҵҪʲôͣһסң
ȥɣаۣ㽫ΪĿ֪ۣ֯˵ѾǸˡ
ͣණ學֣˭˶
ǽʥڣԭһǱӱչأĻҴ飬ݻǿ
Ҳ㹻ˡ
һ˸֣ȥʹˣ
֯˾ÿЦ
һٳԤ֮а۳Ҳûκ漣Ŀܡ
飬٣ߡǣٵֱ֣߳ᡣ
ڱ󣬿ʵù֯𣿡
û£ҵݱ¶ȥҲν벻ںĻӦ
ѾȻˣҲȷϢ
ʱΪĸˣ
˳ڣǰǱʹȻ
һΣҪȫ磬аȻڣ
֯˲˵ڻϾ˵ϢҲý컪ɢȥ
Ƶ󣬳顢һӳγ
컪ɷֱڼʻλ͸ʻ
Ը컪ɷʱȴȽӵһͨ绰
£ĵ绰롣
һҵĺ붼֪ˣ⣬½󣬱
ǵôѾѰġ뵽季ܿʼж
԰һҪжʼǰȰ֧Լҡ
ԭæһ˾ȳ
֧ԼһЩô
ϵʯƿŷѨڰŵĸʣܹһɡ
㲻ƭҩȻƨ˰ɣĵʵ
ҪǴȥаǸƭӣһô죿
Цһ
ǡðɡԥһ»ǴӦˣֻںʼǰ㣬㿴ô
ҲУǺ
Ҷϵ绰ſʼԸ컪¡
ȥʳӻϾ˵ϢɢȥҸ孻ս飬컪
үδͷ˰ɣ
ϴڸٹΧˣ㶪Źȥûá
һģ
Ȼ孿ɲǸ
컪孵ʱ䣬Ҳ˵ڣԭһġ͵š
ණ學֡
ԶԶǸɱȵġ
ҪȥϾˣܱܿϴθҪΣա
¡үǲǿԲôðգСȰ˵ҾǰǱʹˣӱһ㣬˵أ
ǰϵ˵öԣʵûָǱ̫ˡ컪ҲЦһȰ˵
һı˼ûУͰ˵
ɺͽ컪Ц¶ᶨ֮ɫ
ȻүһѣǾһ
սڶ季ҲʧΪһӣ
ɺͽ컪ç첻µزµӡ
ԭҲȰ˵ģ֪¶֮˭Ȱ
ֻţĶ孻ʹ̶ѨҲųһ𴳡
ܿ죬һըԵϢȫĺ䶯
аδ
һս孻ңȥʳǹʵĻ
а۶Զ孻սϢ붫學ĸ׶ѧͳһѵ־󣬻кͳһϰݣ˲ԼͬĽһ
Բۣ
Ҫ찡




1410¡Ӧ
 

Զ孻ս顢ս學ֵϢ־Ϊ֮𾪣ĹҲһƬȻ
֯ܲϢĵһ仰ǣˣСӷˣ
û뵽ڸһλ˶季䱾
һʼ˵ȥʧٵãҲûʲô뷨
˭뵽ȥû죬Ȼָţ
βΪ񣬶ǳ˽˶
ϳȥμϷԾߵά¦һѡԹۡ
һĳ˺ϷǣϹϵĻ󶥼֯䣬ٹעǸˡ
Ҿ߻Ӣȥ绰ûӢϵɳæ
ӢӦ;ߵĻ˽»͵͵ȥ绰
绰λ̺ŨŨĹУʵûȫָһ˶Կڶඥ֣Щװǿһ£׵ķȳá
лϹģѾͲö˵ˡίľܾ
ǰ孽ʥСĵһɱڰ˵ڡ
ǡǻˣٰаۣ孽һɱ˻ĸֵ
Ҳаš
Ϊĸ֣Ϊаǻĵһ֡
ʰаڰҲһַǳȨ֤
а۾ǰߵĻˣҲ˵аǻĵһ֡
ڽһţٵһͿ
Լսڶ֣а֮ͻĸ־ҪЦˣ
Ӣ̾һΡ
֪ԼȰ֪ȻԼʮľء
λޱųʵ
Ͼûȫָ۷״̬
ܻܱͺˣǱ͵ı󣬻ǸھĶ孽ʥڣԭһģ
֯άֵĺڣԭһĵʵҪǿһߡ
˻ӢΪȥ飬׶༪١
Ҳֻ˵һСģȻεĽͨ
ͬǵģƶʡᰡ
ڳﶫ֮һֱкͳϵһЩ顣
ͬΪսΪǳðա
յϢһ̣۹ȥ֧Ԯ
أȴܾˡ
ܣİɣܵûаգսġ
ǳûָʵ˵ʲôڣԭһĺǲ֧ԮĻĺܺ³ϴθһ֮ɫ
һսİˡ
һΣܹŻطǳ
ǲǴδζ֣ܵм˫ռλġ
ۺЦܣҲ֪ܵܵԸֶصˣ孻Һڶս鲻Ǻľùȥ孰ˣұﱣ㡣
һʱĬȻ
֪۵Ļеǰơһǰˡ
ҲӮڶɫŮľ
գֻܺͻعıƳһƽ
սһ£ը˹
ѿʼ˸ķ̺á
ǻĵһаۣѾǶ孽ʥһˣڻ˸ðа۳װ
㻪ɳ¸ΪԼҲһһڣԭǰ֣
80ǰǲ80һǲ򣡡
ж꣡
ۣߵˡ
ҲȷаǲѾð᲻ǻĹٷ˳ðġ
ڡаۡûдܶڶඥǰǱ粻孡
ⲢߵսԽԽס
ľǣڻѵֱ㣬ۣðɡ
̸Ůȥһ΢ţҺݺݵЩдС˵ģʸӱ
֣ǶǱռţǳܴܱͣҪȻǵġ컶ܿ췢ظ
㲻ȻΪǫͣȴֱܸܲԼҵۡ
ϾԼǻĸֵĴ
ҵֻһǽֻľ
ֵ÷зʱ򣬳ȴڼȵ֮С
۹Ƶͳ׷ڣ״̬
һԴͬΪĴս׼
˫ڵأϷĽʯ
ųڹŰĹıʯɢ̹ԽԽʢˡ
̺ǳΪ֮̾
Űһֱд˵˽졣
Ȼ˵ûõӡ֤
̺ıʯȻǴӼǧǰھģȷʵǳĲ˼顣




1411¡ʼ
 

յʯʱţԺлĻЧǰѰӣȥŰҿûƵʯı
ûãȺӵᰡӢĵ绰
hطѩ㡢лȵҲϢ
˭Ȱⶼı䡣
һһظϢ֮󣬳ֽӵĵ绰
սͨ绰ǳ˵ҪҪôߵȻ孻ս飬¿ɰѸҺˣ
ҴӦæһ£Լսһ£Ϊһ̸һ֪Դ˴жԿʼԥˡ
Ҳǣʵͺ࣬ǿ
ټϰġǰеĸȥǹʵĻûаնԸôණ學֡
ֻǴĽǶϿ
ʵϣڻʼǰʯʱʵָܻһء
ʱһμͬն
Ц´磬ҽ绹͵һɣôһʱϣЩ學ֿ϶ȫ䱸ǻôɱǹʵĵܵǹ񣿡
İɣҴӦ£;ʳԣˣûʱ㽲绰ټ
ԹĻᣬֱӹҶϵ绰
Ǳֻ߲ˤˡ
аۣҿ㻹Ǹˣ̵ģ

ʯ̺ǳأҲ̫ȶ
Ϊȫձʯٶȡ
ǹʴ鿪ʼвʮСʱ
ؾͲϴɽΪ˾ָʵ򵥴ֱʯ
ʱʮʯ˷˲١
ʱһһĹȥ
ڵ˶孻һʳǹʴһ졣
孻ңõĻһǧǰƽʱĻʽ
෱ȽڣҪɲ֮ǡ֮ǡ֮ǡ˰ݻ֮ǡ֮ǡȵȳ
һҪٰǡ֮ǡصڶ孻ʹ
孵ĻʹλϾǧ
ǧǶ孵ģʵסʾӣ孹ᣬ߲绹صλ
һشֻԶɾ޴ľʧͬʱҲԶڵľش
ǹʴһ죬ǧľƽʱҪǿϡ
յаҪϢ孹ٷǽǲǧ
ڻʼǰһϣǹͻȻٰŷᣬö孹ٷȥзλ
ͨӣǿϣͺĳھͷǰ
Һǹһͬʾ孲ΪһνĻĸֶ˽šǿ
СǶԼٴȷϣаѱһնɱ
սģٵаۣǻ˹һӵġ
öڲ⡣
һϲǰ¶ıͶˣҲͳ׵ķ
Ҿаûô
Ƕǿʦнʥĵӱ͡
˵һаۣʮһսҲǺ
֮£Ǳնɱ
ŷ󲻾ã孹ٷ㳷˴ֻºƽһıǧİ״̬ˡ
ʮʱ䣬ʽʼ½½Ľʹ֮ڡ
꣬ʤ
Ȼ孻һûﵽĿĵز̫ý壬ʮֹעġ
ϾƽʱûʲôᣬĿ̽孻
ǹʵĻ孵Ľš
ڵӻǰۿֱֳ
۹Ƶͳ׷ڣҲ˹ұڵӡ
մ򿪣Ϳͷ˽Ӱ
ʢװϯֻŶƽʱĴɫʮͷϴɡ÷ֱŲͬĺ塣
һͷ㷢̳ׯصĴ󴹷Ҳƽʱ൱ҪĻŮӷ͡
ڱ֯Ĩȥڻĺͳļ䣬ʱûƲ֣ǹŵ΢ЦȫȫһҸ֮еӡ
ߴŶװӣ֮ӡʳǹʡ
ǹͽΪСҲȽϣȻʮ꣬ǿʮꡣ
վߣûߡ
߰СǶ˵ͨ
ƣһЩҵҪϯǹʸоٹޡ
ʮˣһֱûİŮӡ
Ǿڲ֮ǰû뵽Ͼֿȵ֯ˣһݴ
ڿһ˲䣬ǹʾ͸оԼİŮ
ǰԼʳӵݡԼ孻ǣˡ
͵һ죬Ѿļޡ




1412¡ſ
 

֯ڻʼ֮ǰһֱϴ
ǹһУΪ֯˾ͻֱȡ
ǹֻʵʵȴĵ
ڶ孻ҵĻȨԶûǰˡ
ǹȻΪʳӣȴûʲôԶ롣
͵ŸʴλȻԼλȡƯĹӡ
УĽ
֮󣬲֯ʲôҪǹȫһڴӦ
֯Ҳϯˣһע
֯ⶣһҪСа顣
ǹȫûϡ
Ϊõ˱͵ı֤аûֻ磬Ҳɽа۵նɱ
ǹʵǾã֯Ϊ孶֣˽δЩ־Լ硣
˼ҽʥСĵӣĵնɱаۡ
֯ӦñȱκһҪǿôа˼ɵ
˵апѾˣаۡս飬˵ֻƣʵ
һ·߹ȥ͸λҪʹкǹʵԽԽãܿͽʲôаս׵⡣
ϯĶڶඥ֣໥̸Цʱ򣬷׷׼ĸû¾ˣս顣
ս飬ȴҳֱ֣ͷڹ꣡
Щ學ֻסҡͷʧ
ʵǰͲа۳֡
ôҪĳϣĿһѵĳͷᣡ
學ǶչʾԼʵܻɱаۣʱ򴫱ȫ磬Ƕôķ
ǻʽ쿪ʼˣаۻûǲ
ϢܿӶ孻ʹȥ鶫磬ٴȫ硣
аʳˣˣ
ʲôս顢顢ս學֣ȫǷƨ
Цڿ࣬ʮʧ
񶼿ûˡ
ģаˣڸǼǰĽ¡
Ҳ˷ǳʧָаΪû뵽а۹ؼʱȴѡѡ
Щʼƿڴ˵а۲䵱ĵһ֣Ӳû־͸ȥ֣學ƾѡ
ʽʼǱڶ孻ʹˡ
ȥʮ绰ûн
ݣôҪҿǰսôţƺ壬ӰûҶΰ
easyeasyһվһʽīһͷҰ⣬ʾ侲
òͶܿҰ⣬ǰġ
easyһeasyƨˣǵĳɹҲ50ǽȥʹǶ學ǵˣ
ˤֻˡ
ľķǳ󣬾ҲһҪڻϻɱǹ
ԵһڷؼӴõûаۣҲܴ˵ʵ
ٵʮӣҪǸҲӱһӣҧгݣһʧ̬
磬ʽҪʼˣ
ƵڣٿŵӻֱųǼʽʼ̲סܽ䡣
ڴٽ΢΢һЦʾŮ԰ꡣ
ͬʱϵĵʯһ˿̹һ
׵˵ʯ
飬˿㣬Ҫˣ
һԴͷվٻ
ȫת۵ʳָָ֮ϡ
Ŷָ£Ȼ͵ĵؿڵѨϣ
ŷѨ󣬵ţţ
䣡
ɲ֮䣬ͳ׷֮ڣӿȣͬ񳱺Х
סٵ۾䣬ܵ
Űͳ׷ܿ챻ͬˮڣһлָ糣
վƮɣ˫ţ񷡣
ϧˣһ㡣
ƿŷѨţû̫ϲ
Ϊȫ֮ڡ
Ԥȫյʯ֮лƵڰţΪ˱˷ѣյôֱ񼴽ʼʱ̡
ڿǲôһš
ȻѾˡ
һͻƵڰţζֻҪһܳɹƿ
Ҳ˵ȥԼȥܵͻơ
˳ļ˵飬鷳㱣٣һ
ҸһȥҲѿڶ
һЦ飬֪ͬκϷһһȥУһȥ컪Ǳ٣Ҳ̫ġ
ǡðɣһҪСģȳǿϴθͲˡΪԸ
һƥѱҰûţǰ£Ҳԥĳȥ




1413¡緶
 

飬Ѿһˣ֮Ҳùҵ˵ġ
仰˵÷ǳ档
Ȼ߹ȥٵ֡
һ
Ůͷ
Ƶһ¥컪ſڹĵȺ
үǰȥ
һ컪ɱͷޱϵĿ
ƺ³ԸһȥƵġ
еЦ
ôǺôһУôȥ孻ʹ飬ȥһ
үʵҲ˸ľģһҪǰȥ
컪ͬ˵ÿ
ȥĹ뻹ǵͷӦ
ҵʹţȻӦ
ǣү컪ɶһۣϲ
֪Լ֣ȥʹΪ׸
ýӦǰĴæ
۴Ĺӣ߳Ƶſڡ
컪ɽ
ҪγͻȻתͷʵˣװ𣿡
үҪװʲôɲʵ
֪ϲзϲװ
ôڼǰȥ孻ʹսȴͻȻװˣ
һЦμӶ孻һȻҪʽװȥСС˵ǻĹΪ֮ȴûд緶
˵ǣˣȥ׼һϺװ
컪ԳⷬͶأһӣȥװ깺װ
ʱһܿƵͣ
˿ܣһΪ֮̾
ΪһNSX孵Ĺ19902005Ѿͣ޼ۡ
һŻװĶ孹Ӹ磬󻹸ڡ
⹫Ӹ·磬һֱߣ˵֡
ͽ컪Ҳûƫƫ⹫ӸߵԱʱȴüͷ
ľҲÿ㣿ǲû۾Ӹߴ
컪ͬʱɫһҪֽѵԳľٵļһ
ȴ˰֣ʾȱŶ֡
ӴӴҸɫǲǣ֪֪ҵ˭ڸ󳼾ҵʳǹʼңҪͿĴкұٶмμǹʵĻ񣡡ľҫ
ЦЦõ˵װǮ
װƴʦƣֵԪ㻹ʼǮ𣿡ľ˵ţ˫ֽ˽װӣǵ֮ɫ
װϻеζȻľոմӶƵõ֣Ȳ԰ڡ
ܺãҪˡĵͷ
ʲô˼ľ廹ûӦɺͽ컪ץס
ľ붯֣ȴһ߷һ
Ƕڸ֮ӣǸװЩɶĻˣ˸·
ľôУϵ·ܿͱǹˣֻʣһڿ㡣
λеɿֺλ孶վڶʢ̫£ɪɪ
㡢㵽˭Ȼ˴󵨣
ҰŵЦ⣬ľ۾Ҿа۳
ʲôľһ˲ɢһɧζ
ڻûȷϳ£ͱˡ
Ͼа֮ȷʵǡ
үСӵװӦʳ¯ģǳɾ컪ɻصؼһ飬װû⡣
Ļװú
ľǿᣬ׼װأմͱˡ
аۣǻĵһ֣һװҪ˼𣿡ľʵ
Ȼת䣺ǶǶٶڻ𣿡
ľʱƿԡ
ٿľһۣͷɫγڡ
Ͱȥ컪һ£ץľ֫ݺݵԱߵͰ

ľҽзһ룬ͱͰķƷס͡
ȳߺľ²ŰͰ
аۣˣľһ¿ȥֳһߴ绰֪ͨǹʡ
ǹʽӵ绰Ȼа۸顣
֪ľ竴پˣӲӱѵˣԷɵľڸ֮ӣұͻѳԼаۡ
ֿԷǳ
ǣС
孻ʹƣǰμӻ̫ˣڶͶվĹʾӶԷ֮ǰǰ̨ϵ׼ףλ˳ɻ顣
֮Уվණ學֡
Щ֣Ļϣаܹ֣ⳡ̫ˡ
ڴʱͻȻ΢ɧ
ô£̨ϵǹҲһ㡣
һԵԱѾӵϢŵߵǹ߸˵˴ʹˣ
˭
һװӣʱ֪˭
ǹʻʣܼԶ֮һ˲
֪Ϊʲô˸




1414¡ǧܰ
 

ýصֱǹñǸԱ
ǣ
Աæȥý塣
ԶİװӲ߹ǹеԽԽŨˡ
װǲǴ˵еаۣ֪ⳡ񲻻ô˳
Իȹصȫֱߴٿֱֳ
Χˣԭǹʣ˿ƺе㲻á
ĿλʳӣǹʵĿ֮ʶʲô
һɷԱܵĳ嶯˳ǹʵĿ⿴ȥ
һ͵΢΢һסˡ
ȻǸԶ߹Ǹװӣȫʶ
޷ƵĲ飬Ҳ֪ô¡
ͬʱǹʱ仯ģΪŮֱϵһԹ֯ˡ
ڳô˵УҲֻ֪֯ľ峤࣬ǿһЩģƵƬ
Ϊݣڸʱ
ֻҪ΢ıһ沿ȫˡ
ֵһɲǣ֯Ǿ֮ɫ
û뵽ĸ飡
һǹһˣ
ֱ̫ˣ
ǹʡ֯˷ֳǰıͣλ¸ء學˾ǿʦҲ߹
̨ͣɧԽԽˡ
ԽԽתͷ󷽿ȥ
֪˭ʶгǸװӣѵǻĵһаۣ
ܾܿ
а۸һ˹ȫǶ學ַ
аˣ
ڶָӦװɢɱȫаۡ
˸Ħȭƣ׼֡
̨Ϲͱͣǳ
ǿóװȷʵһʵ
֯Ѿѣװȷʵаۡ
ͱȷϰװа֮󣬷Щʧˡ
Ϊа۲ʵ̫ܲһ˹Ѱ
ݿݡŶ߼ʦµ΢΢£ƺڱĿһֵ¶ûС
ͣľǿգ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ԭνаۣҲˡ
δߵȺ֮УͲӽʹˡ
һˣ˵Ĺ㳡ƿڴ
ӹˮˣӢۿɲôģ
͹Ϊĺ͵ĳ֣Ҳֻ͵͵ǱʹŻɱǹ
ǳôҡڵ߽ȥ¶Ŀ֮£ⲻӹˮʲô
һ̣ͱڶණ學ѹһ̲ࡣ
ˣһȫˣ
ȫָܰæ
Ϊ學һӵϣȭʱͻȻɴ۾ǲ˼֮ɫ
Ϊһװĳ֮㣬װ֮С
ЩװȫһηȥΨֱ֮
Ͽ¿ܿһǳ׳صĳ档
緫糱֮ͬˮ׷˿˭ҲԼ
ڱеЩ學֣ԭԾԾԣų߽Ͷ֡
ǳ߹ˣЩ學ȴɫӲվԭأŲȣ
ΪܹĸܵŰ޾Ŀֲɱ
ܵɱڶණ學ڣһֱԺס
δսӣЩĸ֣ȫסˣ
վԭֹסսҲҲƵ˿±ע⵽
ǧܳ
ûһ˸ȥͳ֡
Ŀɨ֮Ⱥͬһͷסͷŵס
֮Ⱥͬʨͻ׷ϵӣŲ·е¡
͹ֲ͹ῴĿɿڴ
֯˶û뵽Լٴε͹˳ʵ
һˣһѹڶඥ֣
˫޵У
֯˲ɵڻڼ䣬һĹʫ
ôһʫ
ʦĪΣǧۣܰ
ʫԭ˵ǻϱ֮
˼ǣ͵Ľǧ̲Է⡢մմϲǧҲҪܿ۽֮ӵķâ
ڴŰװĳ֯˻ĹŴ֮
ǳֻһˣơȴֵϳ֮ǧʦ
а۷ɣ˹
ڣ߹͡ڶණ學ֵĹȺ̨֮ǰ
΢΢̧ǵ˫Ŀֱϲ̨׵ǹʺȥ
ŵǹ˲ʧ̬
ȴԽԽˡ
Ϊܹоװ磬зǳҪ




1415¡ж
 

֮󣬱ɱԻһЩ
ûʲô󰭣廹Ǿ״̬ܲ
Ҳͳ׵ķ
һ˴붫孻ʹӶڶඥ˲
аۣڳսǶ學ֵϣ
ﲻˡ
ΨȻ㹻ĵ
ڳڶණ學֣ǧܰµĳ棬ĻЩġ
ҲԶԳĿ࿴
뷨ͱͲͬ
뺴學ֵϣǣͳΪĵһ֣Ӳպسɴ
ȻԸһòԳ֡
˵̨ͣڶ֣ΧŹΧˡ
аۣվʵ
ǹѾŵòҷˣǹȶ孻ҳԱҲǶ㵽Ǳͻ
ʲãվִ֡
³֣
ߣǰҲնһаۣһǻĸ֣ôϲ
ǰȻ֮ɫ
ȷʵֵ԰Ͼһնɱһаۡڡ
Ǽðаֻۣ֪ڵʵǿ
Ǳһնɱˡ
аۣܱһǿ
վ̨ס϶µİӣȴһЦҵϧСӵĽǻʣµģƾǱͣɱҡ
˵ʲôǼ䳹׳ŭǡ
ʦڣԭһĴıһ
Ľͺʦһ
޷̵顣
׼νóʱͻȻ˿ˡ
ˣԸһ֣òԳ֣У
˵һ˸֡
쳣׳Ҫشװˡ
˸֣ȺһƬ۷׷ס
˷ܼڴ
ΪڳıͶϵó׳ˣǶ˹ھ
Ϊ裬600
һķ⣬㱻ӵУоʹ
һλ綥ȭ֣ǰս衣
λȭֵȭͷϣһöûС
ķ˫ȭܡ
˵Ѿ෶ˣߵߵ޷ƿķ
ˣˣˣ
߳ȺÿһСΧ
֮ǰɱȫʱȷʵסˡ
ڳעȫϣɱͼһЩ
ӧռͷ
ͲڲԶĹðզࡣ
ǻδôֵࡣ
Ӧߵȴתһ۵ȤûС
˵ǶĲء
𣡡һĴȣſĥ̵ľƣ˫ץȥˤ
Ȼ˫ưڳϣ˿
𣡡ȣȫⶶʮ
һ̣Сʱ̵ľʹˣ
ǳ˫ţ·ڵһӲ᲻
˵³δһѹûС
ǰβ
е㲻ͷˣ΢΢ҡͷһȭӡ·̥Ĵϡ
ˣ
ͬһװˮĴƤķ̴֮ﵽϡ
ЦΪ˳ȭͷһ̣ش600ͬ㱻ɳȥ

ȫһƬȻ
ֱ轫ˤһ󶴣ڶͲŷӦ
˶ˡ
ܽ綥ȭ˵裬Ȼһȭ
һЩʵǿĶ學֣˿̶Ŀɿڴ
ҪҪȥæһڷؼʵ
һ֮һȭǿ˹ھĳ棬Ѫڡ
ڳϿѹס˶ڶ֡
ʵϳʵԶԶ綫ߡ
ڶ學Ǻܸߡ
֮⣬кܶǿû֡
Ϊ˿ֻȥ
ȻҪȥôȫͷаһˣҲǿѪڣʲôɱǹļƻ֮Ժ
͹ٶȼ¹ܿͳ嵽ڶǰ
ôǹʿ־ŭ
Ĵ֮գЩְʲôˣ
ĶϺ岮ǰףػʳǹʽմ飡ߵǰǹϹϷʵЦ⡣
仰ǳ
죬Ҳǳ׻ȥˣ׼ͳսսһ
սΣ
ж




1416¡һ⺮ʮ
 

㲢սѰɣ궫孻ңڴĿ
ʱڴѪĻӦ
ֻǵĿһۡ
ûôѪ
ΪѪǽĻϵġ
ӵаٷְٵģԼս
ιһʱҪƻвУı飬ˡ
ˣǱ֣֮Ӧÿսʹǡ
ãø̱Ƶġ
ǰսôڵһ㲻Ѫж
ϻԼأ̯һֻơ
ʱˣһﲻ˼Ȳ㣡
ҪˣԼûʲôӰ졣һߵ
Ͳ
Сһ
ҾҸˣƾһԼܴĶ學֣ǲܵ顣
ˣȥԸɣͺҡú˵һϻ
ʰϣһĿǱ͡
ͷǲǣ˵žȥ
֮ǰļƻʵ̫ǿֻһ˶Ըһ
ǳȻһ˶͡
ķˣ
ôż
ֻɱһµ裬ԶԶرġ
Ȼûֹ͹ڶණ學Χס
Щ學ֿԹ˵ȫûǷÿ˵ŭ𶼱ȼˣ
аǲҴνİĵ壬ܿԴɣ
аۣһ˶ʰ
սȻ
Ͳ˲ʮ學ֵΧ
˵ʵڹ϶ǶһӱЩ學ָˡ
Ͳķ
ֻʮ̨ף뱱еֻвס
Ͳս孻ҡ֯ˡͣӹעǳĶԾ
֪νаۣʵжǿ
᲻ϴǸаһֱһˡ
Ǻпܵġ
һȭ裬ʵʲô
Уܹһɱʮ衣
ϾǽʥڣԭһУ츳ߵһ
ľǿյʵǿǱȴǸ߳һ
ͺ֮ǰʦĹѧԺʱ츳׵ϵܣֻд徳һأīʵúԶ
ȴīͻƵӹѧԺҵ
аۣҵĽҾʶһ£Ǳ
˪˵䣬ѰסĽ
孱һǻĵĽˣ
Ŷ𣿡ԼĲм֮ɫ
˹ȡ齣
ֶСľɱ֮У̲סһЦ
˭Ҳû뵽аۣôһСľ
һƶûС
Ц׼СľԿҵڽ
孵Ľ͵ͼ޶¡
孽Ȼ񵶣ǵУ˫УƾԱ
ڽǶõ֮һ
孽ʥڣԭһϲղڽǳղأ͸谮ĵ
һնɱڣΪҲ̫ǿ
ԸǶ孽ͣһľӣɣָڱ齣ҡҡ׹
ͶԾƣǶһͼĲء
Ȼض孽͡
ϾǰŸոǻĸ֡
ƣŭʱ˶㣡
˸£
һŭȣνˣ
ڽһγʣǼ佣âţҫúǹʵ˼۾
νն
νǿʽǵһʽνն
һΣڴڱŭ״̬նĽԶϴնɱʱҪǿ
ϽľǿգΪСʦܺȲʡ
һֱҲΪ֮Ŀ
ǹ𻡶ȣΪԼһеޱȵԺ
ƽնǿһ
˵ʲôаۣǰڶһˣҪһնɱ
Ȼһ̣ڽĽâ˲ʧˡ
Ŀֻ֮Ǳź͸ղŲƣƽСľĵסǿն
ܣ֮ɫ
һӦðѳնŶԣھȻСľնϣ
̫߳Ҫ˼飡
Ҳȫˡ
ԤĽǰĳ棬ȫ
˼
孽ˡҡͷм
ֱӸ孽˸ǹ׶ۡ
˸£һӶڽ˲նϰټУ
úÿţǻĽǿ
Ĺƣãǽע齣֮УȻһն
һ˲֮䣬⻪죬ҫ孻ʹ
һ⺮ʮޣ




1417¡˾
 

ûпʲô
һǵǷ켫豹ľ磡
Ϊаҽкһ·Ⱥʶѧ硢Ĺ磬ѧֹ
ڹѧԺΪ˽̵ܣıѧԺ¥ڶལؼ
Գԣһͨͨڽһû񱱳޿Ҳûж孽ʥڣԭһʦָܼĽڴɣһնң
ɴ۾ȫųܹնǿһ
һϵʦˣ
ȻûʱʦĽУֻܾڽȫһ
ľǿգҲȫʦһֵĽУ
齣Ĺ⻪ˮкأڻʾӶԷ̨֮ϣȻΪӰɢڿС
ľ¡
ɵɴ۾־ٽ񵲵ơ
һ֮
˻
λ孽ʥĵӣ絽ٵҴȣͻȻһѪߣ
Ѫӿ糱
ľǿͬʱ󺰡
ȻûлӦǡ
г𾪺;⡭ǻĵĽ̫̫ǿˡ
δ˵꣬ĵڵϡ
ͣȫԾ
һ£רΪ׼վ
£֪ԼҲСˡ
֮ǰ֪ɱͽܽҰңλǿʦûаѳ
һչʾʵԶԶԤڡ
Χ͹ҲΪʵ
ԭΪʵֻǿһߣҪԽصǰ¡
ˡ
ֲóҶһ˴孻ʹ˼ұĵ
û˶ԽﲻΪɱǹ񣬻ǹϵõǳҪһ
ֻҪõǼųԽ
£ûкͳ˵
аۣɱСʦܣ޷ˡ֮ľǿյŭ𱬷
ͬ㣬ǰҲ޷侲
˵ν
󶥼һ֣ͬڣԭһĵĵӣֻΪΧһĸ֣Ҫ˵ȥû˻š
ڳ֮ˣû˾Զ٣Ϊа۳Ľʵ̫ˣ
˭Ҳû뵽а۾Ȼλʦ
ľǿյЮ޾նɱʱȴֳһСľɵ¡
ٴΪ֮𺳣֯˶ľˡ
¶֣صɫ
Ŀһ˫ʮֱָһصķӡ
Ȼ󽣿ͻδֳʤӳɵľǿսеһǣ;ƽʱԸ
Ҫ׼һʮʱ䡣
ֹУ˵һʮ룬ʮ붼ˡ
Ǿʩʱ䳤һְ
סаۣ
һ߽ӡһ߶ԼٸμӻĶ學ַ
Ϊǿ֮һǳЧ
Χ͹ֻҪϰٸ˾͹ˡ
˶˷ˡ
Щ學֣ܿͷֳʮ˹Χ
滹мٸԴ
ͨ͸ͫӡ֮ʱĵ׼һǳǿ
ݣܷ棬ڶס
孻ʹһսٶ孶ַѱͷΨɵ
ʵûлָȫʢ״̬֮ǰ֪ԼСλǿʦ
ڲ̫۵սʤؼľԼ
ƫƫһղŲԼ߶Χڲˡ
żһľǿգȻٶ學֮Уɱ䣡
һͬȺ孶ָûһܵס˲ͱ齣߼ʮ
գ孶ּһ룬ԶԶ͹а۵ǿ
һսɱû찵أѪɺӣɱö學Ĳѣ
ʱȥԼһʮ룬ٸ־ʣ޼ˣһصʬ塣
ֻʣһѪľǿգʣ¼ʮִֿǱƵòȥ
Щ學ǰóͷͲó顣
ڳˣȴ˵
ʵҲͲòμӶ學ԽԽãһˣɱö學ֶϲ㡣
Ȼһս˲ȴ÷ǳֵã
ʦǿ춥סˣΪʥ֮ͽľԭ
ֻڲȶС
ųɱ¾Ƕ孵ĸ֣ҲǷǳŭʹġ
ڵʩչǿĹؼʱ̣ﲻľǡ
ۿɣὣʰ׶ϣѩ




1418¡
 

ὣֱϣľǿյȶ學֣Ѿ޿ˡ
̨֮ϣ
Ƕ孻һ֯˵ˡ
룬˭ٲˣľһŭȣҫ۵ǿ⡣
ʦǿնһۣ˾óνͬھʽ
Ҳ׷ʩչԼѹ׾УֻΪס
Ǽ孽붥֣޷аۣȥĻԻ⵽ȫĳЦ
֮ǰڶԻĸֵĳЦҲٱȥ
ڶණ學ֱȷʵС
ʱ䣬Ҳٱʵһ۵齣ϡ
ն
Ǽ佣ǵأڶණ學ֱײһ
䣡
һ죬ŵǹʵȶ孻ҳԱ׷ױͷС
֯˽۾Ķ˫ƴһĻ
֮϶ڸֵڣԭһĿ¶Ҫ˱ᡣ
سܻܲǺ˰ɣ
Ȼɢ֮ʱ֯ٴξˡ
ֻһὣվΪײĿ֮УȻͷװ°Ʈȥᡣ
һߣڶ֣ǫ̈̄ϣѪɺӡ
Ψһûһնɱľ󣬰ڵأս֧ţߣǿ˴ն롣
аۿڣԭʦΪǱ
ľһ仰û˵꣬ҲڵϣϢϾ
孽ʥڣԭһ⡢Ҳ谮ӣͣȫڳһС
ҳԻĽܱΪĶ孽
һսͿ˵óͷβ
ľµһ˲䣬ɢŨŨɷɷ𣬰ǹŵˤڵأȥ
ǿʦϢʵ̫ˣ
ǳΪ֮һ
Ȼѳɣ
˿ƣͬ孴˵ǿֲĹ
ͨ͸ͫѲ壬תΪĳ״̬ˡ
֮ɫһҪкݸԼ
ʱһ·ޱңԶڤ孻ʹը
ռԾж½£ˮ񣡡
һ䣬ΧĿ˲óʪ
ţоһ㣬ӽһסȫ
Сģ
͹պƾϸͳųȥ
գ
ȫ֮ڣЩͬӵɲκ˺
ǳǣЩӵҪ£ƺЮĳԡ
аҽмеĳϣԪˮ
˵ֲϣһˮʮ
ʩΪߣۿеˮ֣Ƴÿһشϰ١ǧԪˮ
ϡ㣬ƳʮＶԪˮ˵ΪѾǳǳˣ
ڳκԵĹ
ǻֻ֣ҪһԪˮУǿ嶼Ҫˡ
˵Ԫˮ֮֮壬ȫǺ඼ܵƻڷ˵ʹȥ
ǳĵ޷꣬Ҳ൱ĵһ
һСΧڵľֲʹͣЪ
¶Ȼ֮ɫ
û뵽׼ӵȻκβ˳
Ȼֻǿеĵһʽһʽϼûܵס
ȻӲĵסˡ
ԼԪˮἫķ
ͬ˲ͣ˹ȥ
ռԾж½£տ񣡡
δ䣬һؿڴȥ
һһնĶ孽׽죬ֳֽ𵶣ס˳һն
лüͷһ壬ȥ
Ĳ֮Ľ֮ǰһЩ
ٻ׽죬ܰĽиס
ҳ뵽һ㡣
齣ľƣٻ׽죬Կǵе֮
ľ
ڳľСƳɷӳ֣ҪٻĽ˵ġ
Сɣ˳ڻָһȻɫ
ԭһʽٻ񣬵ǾˮԶԸ˴ˡ
ڽһרľԷǳǰСľҲĽ֣
޳ָһ죬׽ɫɱ
ϣ
齣׽ƴһǣ




1419¡Ƴǿ
 

񣬾ǶʽΪ߼֣ϾǶǿʦٻġ
ڱһٻѹƣ
񵶷󿪴ϣƴȴвƮݣȻ
齣â˸գۼ䣬ѽ񸲸ȫĽնýڽڴϣ
ٴγ
а۳Ȼֱ֮˼飡
֪񼴽ܣ˫ַӡٴһᣬ̷ռԾж½£̫һ񣡡
ڽ񱻳һնûҷ˲䣬ֳԲ֮ڣ
΢΢ľǸԱ仯
ҫĿƵȸֱֶս
Ļһ󲿷ֱֵĸ֣ûӴ棬ͻᱻϹ˫ۣսϵ롣
ƫƫӵ͸ͫһ˫ۼܿڰӸǿ⡣
ۿ֮УŰƺֹﳯҧת£齣âʢÿһնƬ𺣣
֮ۿҪƣ
ɫص˼㡣
һΣڽʵڵԼͬελϣСƻĵһˡ
ΪʤȯգƵֻܷء
ȴʵѾǿ
ߣڣԭһľսãϧֻɱĵһˡȻӿУȡһöǳƯꡣ
֮УȻһƬۺɫӣꡣ
ţдʣƺ׼ĳֽ
齣û͸޽ӰӽһնԲ׵Ļһնա
³֮Уһʱ䲻ǳǳȵԼң
ޱصı飬ٶˣóһ֧װŵɫҺԹܣӵϡ
õԼ̴򿪸ӣҲûʧ˷ѣһȥ
һߣͬһʱڣеꡣ
ȥɣӣ
֮ƬӣƮɢУܵӳ֣ӭǣת˲侹Ȼһصӣ
Ϊʲô˵ӣأΪĴ˵е
ֻɣ֧צ֦ƬƬӣ׺ȥЩΨ
ӣһٻ̴ܶγų˹ȥ
Լ֮󣬺Ȼһը
һ̣һĵըĵ㴫
ŷѨ󣬵ڰţţ
䣡
ǿҵı죬ס䡣
ͨͣȶ֣澪ˣ
Լٴε͹˳ʵ
ԣһμĳʵ۷״̬
ܺͳƴһȭ˸忪
֯Ҳǳ׵ˣû뵽ܱǿ
ˣжǱûھ
Ƴֱӣסֻٻǿͼ
ǣӣβƷǳ岻ƻס
лƳǿҡӽ׾پͽӣֻצն䡣
ʹӣһֽУȥ
˿̵ĳ峺ޱȣ΢΢һĨȻЦ⡣
ŷѨ󳹵ƿȫع飬ƿѹӡѾõó鳩
ҪѨĹ棬һЩµ
ͬһĳ¶Ŀ⡣
ܣǻѾǶ孰꣬ܳţ
ꣿǻǧ꣬ССһЦȻ󻺻齣
ٴУһ޷Թģһ˲佫ڷ£
ն
ȣұһնƽǿһ
λǿʦͷʩչԼǿķɷ۵Ľ绤סȫ
Ȼ֮ҫ貵Ĺâ̵۾
֮˲ſƴΡ
ֻԭأһ´ѣݵӷ·𱻳Ƶģݿ¡
ӣǱնûΪ촷ۡ
һսʤѷ֡
͹̲סһʣ
ڳжˣȫˡ
ԭΪٶֲбΪǿƣа۾ġ
ȻڵĽȴԤ֮еȫ
㲻ðĵæǶаܽڳĶ學¾
ǿʵܲǾ
ɱ֮󣬳ɱߵǰָһա
㡭ҵ𣿡ŵʵ




1420¡뺷ս
 

ȻʣȻһЦ·һ㡣
۰ð
ָӹһãõ㷢ĸһĨΡ
ںǹʿһĻӿͷֽ֪е˸£ſ
ţ˲ת䣬ǹʱɵû
漴ǣ֣ǹʺһڶ孻ҳԱǰ
͹Ҳ̨ףֱվԡ
㡢ʲôҿǶ孻һʳӣδҪ̳֮λģǹŵ̲סһʳӵǡ
ҡͷŪ˵ƾֻɫҲȡΪޣ
ǲҵδޣҸ㣬Ļ߲季ǹȻ־̰һʱѹһС
֯˴лعߵǰΪɱͿΪΪڣԭʥʵǿܿͻΪӱȰûӻػģ
˵öԣǵĽʥû֣аۣ̫⣡뵽λһھĽʥڣԭһģǹһ˿
ȻڣԭһĲƶǿˣʵҶ֪ڣԭһĵʵҪǿ
ʦΪ˶ǿţڣԭһľսڸʿɽ£ձڣԭһһնɱ
ҲΪʲôͱһͬμӻһȴûнԭ
ȻھڣԭһģԳ˵ȴһûС
ڣԭһĵǿ󣬾Ͳ飬ܽȫնɱ
ˣѾڣԭһΪӱս׼
Ȼǰڣԭһ˵ôʱս
˵ţ˫һ˿ɱָǹʡ
ôһǹʽʣǵɢ
а۳ǻĸֵĴ㲻ܶǶ孻ҳ֣
ǹĺˣΪоĸɱ
֯Ҳæֹս𣿡
ΣȻӦ
Ǵĸս飬Ƕ學֣
ǹʣȢҼֵ壬ȡ㹷
һ䣬ָ˿衣
ǹʡһҽУ䴩࣬˲䵹
һڶ孻ҳԱŵɫҰס
֯Ǿ֮ɫ
û뵽ĸɱǹʡ
ʳǹʣˣ
ȻжǹλǶ孻ʳӱɱǹҼʷ裡
֯˻ûӦʱЦߵǹǰ
ϵ𣿡
㡭㡭ǹ񿴵ǰ·𿴵һ
Ȼˣһץסǹǹžžžǹ񼸰ơ
ǹµȫ֪Ըɱ
ģȻг⣬ǹ˵ʲô˵ǹĲӡ
ӣ䣡
孻ұԱͺ٣λһʿ˵ˣ
޵ӣܺʲô顣
ڣҲȥҪǾȳ
һȥҰָ䡣ǣ̨֣ȥ
ŵĶ孻ʹڶණ學ʬ֮УһѪɫ
֮֮ǰ׷ױá
Ȼ뵽ʲôתͷ֯ˡ
ߣлҪ㡣
뵽Ŀ£֯˲Υæڳ
ʹ֮⣬컪ɿƽ֪ɹˣ
û̫ˣ컪ӭǰ
һۻʹţʵͣүɱ𣿡
ûȥ˵γ֯Ҳ֮
컪֪˵زɾٶ뿪
ǹѳĳҲ͹Ѹ뿪
孻ʱܴ裬Ҹɸڽ
ȻСʱаɹϢͱˣ
Ȼǳý컪ġ
֮ǰս飬ȻҲҪѸ¡
֪а۲˵學ֺͻȫȣ
Ϣһը˹ȫͬը˹
ٶ֣аһնɱ
孽ʥ֮ͽͣаһնɱ
ǿʦǱаһնɱ
սֱȸǴλ뺷ҫۣ
һɨ֮ǰıܻڣ
ߣɥ
ܵǣ񻹳û




1421¡֮
 

άֺ֯ԭٹע
ֵ̫䶯ˣ¦;߻յ˳ɹϢ
λȻǳ𾪡
¦⣬ȫųȻһ˶սͣٶ֡
һӮˣ
Ǿֵļߣս
ѵΣ¦ջѡš
ϾϢǽ컪ɷųģ孹ٷǱ߻ûй
϶ûô򵥡
¦ɳĺ˵
ȫ򾩳ǵļߡ
ʵָȫʢʱڣҲܳļߵˮƽ
˵е¦һᣬͻȻ뵽ʲôһɺܿϷԭ򣡡
άֺּ֯ģϷ
ͺͶڸ֣ȻҲǡ
ϷϹϵּ϶֪
Ϊʲôܹɹȫˡ
ôһ¦ͺиɻ
ͲˣΪʲôܹһ˶սȺӢ
ʵ¦ͺķҪһ㡣
ǾѾˡ
孹ٷΪֻţλӡб͵Ѷ
¦Ϊǻš
¦˻٣Ͼܶ˶аǿֵز
簵֯û
Ҳ˸Լﰲοý컪ɷųʵǼϢ
׷׵¼Ҫ孹ٷȫ̡
孹ٷȻܹĿǰֻϢ͸¶һˣǾǽʥڣԭһġ
Ȼȥ֪ͨڣԭһĵĹٷԱûеõλϽʥĻظ
ΪڣԭһĽչ״̬֮󣬾㶫ַ죬ء
ָҴ塢еգµġ
ΪڣԭһĻ˾۹Ƶţڣԭһһֱûг֡
Ҳ֪ʲôԭ򣬶孹ٷΧ˶Ҳûг֣֮һзƽ˾
óеˡ
ͳ׷顢һ
ɳ֯ˡ
ʩָ֮󣬺һϲ
ĸ˫̥û㷢ипѰӪٵ̣νۡ
Ϊ˻ϷϹϵ
ٵЦգоһжֵá
٣ãЩǵĸס
Ļ˫̥ûɿ֣ӣĿ⸴ӵĿ֯ˡ
֯˵ɫҲܸӣΣҲбˡ
֯˵ʵΪʲôҪ٣䵽캣й¶Ժ
֪⡣
֯˵ݵλȻԼŮĸԵ顣
Ҳ֪Լ˫һգգȴ֯˵Ļش
ֻ֯¶һ˿ЦҲûǣҺǵİְ֮ûеõȨҲȫ֪䵽¶Ժ
Ŷٵİְ˭ͻȻоƺûô򵥡
֯̾һ̲ǻĸ֮һڻ֮϶ɹһʱ⣬پǶʱ⻳ϵġ
̲ǲʡˣΪʲôٻ䵽ƶʡһɻˡ
ʡشϱƶʡλϵʡݿǲһǧٶ๫
֯ҡҡͷҲ֪Һ̲ûϵˣȥĵʱȥʡҲҲݵ˵Ѿʧʮꡭ
ҲʱѾʧˣ΢΢üͷ
̲˵ǻĸ֮һʦȴûš
ôͿų̲ѧˡ
̲ܿǳߡ
֯˼شҽȥģȷʵʱ̲ʧˡ
˵̲ʲôˣ书ֻߣ̲ԽԽ档
ػĺ󣬰һظס
̲ʲôԭ򣬰͵캣й¶ԺҪһ
ٽպóˣСô
ҵһμ̲ȥʡɽεʱ򡣡
֯ʱ˸ɣʱ˸ãʮǰǶο̹ĵĻ䡣
٣ǵĸһȤˡ
ȥɽΣȻɽ
Ҵûڨκˣһ죬ҹʹȥǸ׵֡
ʶమΪ߱ϣ羰
ֹϵĶߡƶ롢֮裬ҽɽŮĹ¡
ҷԼԽԽ͸ֻб˿͸ҵĻ̲ȴˣ˵ЦЦ
֯ǸЦ⣬ڿЦԳ
أ׷ʵ
֯йûӹһ˿ɵ֮ɫҷ֣̲ǵˣȻҲе˳ҵġ
ЩңڵҶ֣֮




1422¡Բ
 

֯˵Ļ΢΢졣
Ȼ֯˵ʵԶڶǶ֣ڣԭһġ֯ˡ
͵УǿľҲ֯ѷ
ּ֯𣬽뻪Ļ衣
֯˾Ȼ˵ڵʮǰ̲ЩҵĶ֣
ôʮȥ̲Щңʵ˶٣
ǶЩʲôˣ̲ôǽģر档
٣Ҳ뿴֯˵۾
Ϊ̲ܺΪʲôʧ١ΪʲôԼ˫̥Ů͵캣й¶Ժйء
Ҳ֪֯˷·̾شҲʹ̲ǲ֪˵ϣ̫ġ
̲Щҽ𣿡ʵ
֯˺Զ̲˽ֻǱɽһǣһ֪
ܹ϶Ĵ𰸣ǽ֣ҲΨһһμ̲֣öЩңһﲻʲôæ
ˣ˲뵽̲Ķѵʲô֮ġ
Ҫô̲书뻯ܹΪ棬ͨĵ߶ܵɱá
Ȼ̲ö˵ˣһǿõ书Ҳʵ
֯˼ƺƮңԶĻĲϡ
֮ȻҺ̲ɹһβ̵ʱ⣬˵һԣ뻪ģҲ鲻ʧٵκ顣
ҵٵףôס˳˼
Ϊ٣Ǿػĺý컪ɳ£ȥһ̲ʧٵ
ӳ˼лعһۣ΢Цʵ벻ְ֣
磬ҪҰְ𣿡գ崿Ĵ۾ʵ
ǲͱ͵¶Ժ˵ԸĸûԹǲܵģǶԸ̲
˽ûʵеִףѰҸ׵ͷҲǺܼ
û˼˵֪ôģҰҰְֻ֣̲һ
лл硣ЩжЩɬ˵ʵֻҪڳ߾ͺˣ׵ˡ
磬ͰԼûиĸĹ¶ⱲӶܲʲôҸ˵˵ţ˿ǻ
Ϊ֮ûﰲο
ȷʵɣɿ϶Խûɳ룬͸ĳ
Ҳһ㡣
֪孾ǣðżΣյġ
Լĸʮܲˣһ͵¶ԺһǴض孺󣬰ǵʽҵ
ָĸٶȻûжĸ顣
ӵ뻳еһĻ鿴÷ǳжʱһԴ׵뷨ûС
֯ˣ߲֮ɫл飬漴
֯ĳŮ˶ˣ˵֯ˣԸݣϵһΪҵԿǴػģһúòٵĻᡣ
ҡ֯˶ʱԥ֮С
Լҫ÷ǳأҲ޸ǹʡ
ͻȻЩȷʵܲס
ֻ֯˵ͷҧȻڲ
ã̧ͷ٣κͰ֮ɫʵǣԸҵô
ٶһۣȻ
ʵҲԥѪŨˮѸĸ顣
ЦЦ̫࣬ǵİɡ
ٴζӣһ֮ͬʱּᶨɫ
Ȼתͷ֯ˣ裬ǻػİɡ
ģ֯˲쭡
Ϊģϲ
Ļʸǵô
裬׵ǳ磬ǻػһһذְ֣ʱٸ˵ΪʲôǡȻ䣬ѾܹܺõĿԼ
֪Լãûôԭ¸ĸ
ֻеҵ̲飬һ˲пƾԲ
áã͸ǻػģһҰְ֣֯ھԼļһΪ
ԼȫĶˡ
߹ȥ֯ϼѨһ㣬֯˰ûУͱϵһΪ
û˷֯˵ľġ
Ȼ֯޸֮ٶ򲻹ǻɰ˼֯ˡ
֮Ȼܶ⣬Ϸ
ǾȻ٣Բ




1423¡β
 

죬١顢֯˻ɵˣ˷ɻصڡ
̣ȫûܵ孹ٷ
óǳ⡣
Ȼ˴孻ʹʱòϲ
ǳô飬ϾлûκŲ飬ȷʵ⡣
ʵֻҪ΢һ£ܲٻ֯ˣ׼ɻ뿪
ѵ孹ٷҾͲ׼
Ȼ뿪季ûг׷ɾ衣
ϾСһһ׵ġ
صڣСôģҪԼĽ
㲻ģڣԭһĹ𣬳ڻԼһѹûС
ٴһаĿ֮ս
˳ͦڴ孽ʥճأһս
ڷɻϣ˯٣˳˼
սѾ֤а֮
ͬʱˣĲ裡
һЩβ飬ʱعˡ
Ȼ֪β飬ôýġ
ѰҸ̲ãҲҲˣֻҪϲƽС
һ£Ҫú׼붫孽ʥڣԭһĵһս
ûΪɱڣԭһĵʵ
ϼһӱɱأܿͻƵҪͷ
˭Ҳ֪ڣԭһĳ֮ʵﵽʲôΡ
˳ȥ󣬱ӽͬʱԼϣԽԽá
һô͵ڶβйء
Ǿά֡
Ϸɻ֮ǰѾӻӢ֪ӽԺ֯άֶκικ
¦ҲΪɱ˳Ϊ
һУΪϷ
û뵽ûǿ֯Ȼ˾η֯
¦ˣɲ¦Լάһʹ
ֻάֱϾڶ࣬Ը¦⣬һʱ
ֻҪʵȥάֻǸǿ֯еа֮⡣
ҲΪͶδս׸ʵҪġ
л󡢻Ӣ㡢ֽʸȵȣЩϵȻΪṩվޡ
ά֣Щ޷̫ࡣ
ҪԺֻ֪֯Լ
Ȱ¦ʱѹ󣬵ǲ̫á
β£ǼҶС㼧˫
ֻڻ̫ż˫֮ǰ˵Լڣǰϼҡ
ʱֻȼ˫ĵ绰С
Ȼ֪˫ɫʵĳŮ϶ôɵġ
Ҫβ֮󣬳۾С״̬
Сʱ󣬷ɻƶʡ䡣
һ·ɻȴ١ȥϼܲãᰡƳλۼ档
֮⣬᰺Ƴˣǵһο١
ܲð칫˲Ůơ
֯Ȼͣѣȥʮ꣬Ҳͱ۴һѡ
Ҳһλݺӵˡ
ܵܣϲȻ٣ʤ𣬿ЦӯӯĿڵ
᰺ƳҲ¶ϲ֮ɫеĴʯͷڿˡ
ζ֮УȻȸҪΣգյĽȴоա
ףǸٷѡˣΪΧ˳ʹۡ
ͺ͵긣й©¼һޡ
й©ΣԷǳ󣬶孹ٷȴƶԻԱûκ𺦡
ûѩȥжŵʧ
ںй©񻯣Σ̬Ƽأƫת˷̫ƽֺɢ孹ٷȻûноֹĴ㡣
ûӳعҲ֮ˡ
ٴᰡƳǰ΢Цܵҵãǵ֯ˡ
Һͱúడ캣һűݲؽôãǾȻ֪ƳװԴ׵ӡ
Ϊʵ̫ˣһᡣ
Ը⸶ȥ孾ˣ˵˫̥û÷ǳء
Ƴ˲²⣬٣Ǹɸô򵥵Ĺϵ
ᰵûƳôӣ΢΢һЦ٣ʱˣȺúϢɣ׼ʡסһʱ䣬ǣ
Ҵǻ캣бɡǾٻصϤĻ
ԼҲ캣о
ʡᣬƳκҹҹ䣬ǻӵɡ
ᰵͷʾû
ҲϣܹúϢһʱ䡣
ֿƳΣյ׼ϼԼ칫˾
Һͱˣ׼칫˾ԼӪ˾ͻƷƵƳζڳǵĻƷҵǷǳ˵ġ




1424¡ɵع
 

ʱ׬˼ǵ÷ǮЦŵ٩һ䡣
յгΪһƷƵǱǰƳҪӪúá
кܶƷˮƽһȲһŵһ
棬ٶûйȸãڹڣٶȴǵһ
˶ԲƷӪ֮⣬ߡҵơ˾ȵȣӰ쵽Ʒķչ
˳֪յȻЧ棬ΪһƷƣȴûôס
յֻƶʡ׬߶
ڵĳȱǮһЩ
˵ĳЩʱҪõʽ
ƳλһЦİɣյзˣʱյǮһֶġ
ǾͺãĻҾȻ캣ˡͼλ֪ԣǶ˽ԵŮˣҪƶʡᡣ
˳ʹٻ캣С
֮ǰ߹˵һĻˣӦҿһҪġ
Ȼǡ΢Ц
һĻۣǹЦ⡣
ųȥһ˶季˵Ĺϵ˺ܶࡣ
һ˯ӲԶˡ
˿ɲ֪˴󵨿ŵ뷨
᰺ƳҲóȷʵͳĹϵˡ
λŮ΢飬֯˰졣
û뵽⼸λƷŮȻԳа⡣
а۳ǻĵһ֣»һõˡ
ᰵǸ󣬳١֯ˣ¥ɵĳ캣С
캣һűҹ
ɵΣ֯ип
ǰǰ١
û뵽ӽԼܾܿҪȹ
ܺԼŮһ֯һҲڡ
Ҵڻģлټɷ̲
ΪѾȥʡռ̲ʧٵˡ
캣б󣬳ÿ٣ר
֯˱ãûκγٶٵĹϵҲ͡
ʱ򣬲뵽ûЩǿĵ˺δ֪вÿڱƽʱʱ͸ĸžۣͺֵ֪ѾۻᣬӱȸɰͰ͵Ҫңöࡣ
ƣֻԧ첻ɣ
뷨ֻڳһ
øǿ󣬲ܱҪ˲ܵκв˺
ʱúܿ죬һξ͹ȥһڡ
һڣ֯˵ıֺ⡣
ϾʱţرעⶫǱߵϢ
һܹȥ孽ʥڣԭһģûгصĴ㡣
ϵѾһߵƣΪ孹ٷû취ڽˡ
ǹʡǹλҲնɱ孹ٷôҽڶѹסشĻ¡
Щ˻ãԽΪμ뿪ʹͨ˿Ҳ
ǹʿǸոմ飬ֱͱϣȫ¶棬ȫϳ
ԽԽңѪҪٷ࣬Լڣԭһĳأֵ÷з
ԽԽǾڣԭһûôء
ڣԭһΪһѪԸǰء
˳Ҳͳ׾
һ죬ϣٳȥڿڿ֣ơ
֯ڱ˳캣еķҵֹ£һ·ϣвע⵽١
ǹʻֱʱ򣬱˽ͼģ
ȻʱȫǶ孷񣬻Ũױ泯Ȼ
ۼ·˵Ĳ²⡣
ǳϵãϳģҲֻΪϼŵϯҽʦὫɽ孵аۡ
ֵڡ
ҪǱϳĻͲյĹˡ
ûãܾûˡ
ǵԷֹ¼ıСӣӳͮӡΪŮ÷ǳƯļǻȴŵĴԸһͷˬ̷
ֱ·ƽͶơ
ĩҵ̫࣬ͮվ·棬ڵȺƣһʱûп
ƾͮһӣֵܼӡ
ͮ㣬ôôùȥ참ˡǶ˵
͵ǰҪ־о飬ͰС참۴Ҳǵġ
ǱԹʲôӵӾ;ưڻûȷΪ죬ŵģûһϢͮѵЩá
ʱԷֹ¼Ů壬ȣºȴǸŮģΪŮֻһŮˡ
һΣ캣о־ֳΰְһ참ϣȥҳæ
Ϊ캣еһͮĵȻܲ
ӻûأȥҳæⲻǿư
뵽ԼƻôڰӣֳģͮԽԽ
ʱ̵ͮ߳ͿӭǣŮĳ




1425¡
 


ͮ·ƽͶƶˡ
ͮһ˲䣬һ£ôôɣ
Ȼ־ЩŤҳæȴƫƫڽ϶
뵽ֳԳΣԶҪö࣬ͮûɵ
˿ֻ֮ͮ򵥵Ŀڵôɡ
ŶǰȻղĸ̸ʲô참ɲȥʡ
ͮ뷨ͺͶӳȫһˡ
ǵĵһӦǣϲ
ȻǺͮһ֪Ӵָ孡˵еаۡ
֪ͨˣԷǴΣкزǴΣûۿı֣ȻֳôƳ϶汾µġ
ε참ǳ֣˶֪ӿԼܿƲˣӳԲȥż̫ˡ
к֮󣬱˫һߡ
·ƽͶƲͮĸϻתϳ
һڱȽϼֵ참ⷽȽУ֪ܷЭһ£ƶЦʵ
δشͮҲת߹ûĵûһ־ǲŽְû죬Ǿ;ƲˡҪˣôִŵ
˱ͮѵ⣬ֻεЦݡ
˻ǸųûаѶӳĻ
˶϶ưĹؼ֣˵ʲôó뿪ġ
գŴ۾ԻŮ㣬Ů㳤ôƯôôף
ͮҲע⵽ǣƷŮǣƽƽ棬ȻܴŮ֣Ҳ֪ǹʲôԻ
бΡ
ͮһ˿֮ɫеЦá
һżŮͿʼְҵˣ
һ°ɣֻҪܰưǱглһ䷢¡·ƽûлӦٴ
ҲҪЩ΢Цҡͷܾ
ǴٳɵģȻ;ȥư
һЩˡ
֪ϼϯҽʦƽʱȽæ참ǸСѾˣܼʱưиɥ¼мңϣܰæɥ
ԳлΪ˱֮顢֮ϣܹΪ
˵ˣȷʵе㴥
ʱĻģİѾˣ˵һСˡ
ȷʵһڷͬѰİӡ
ҪưǷҪֲɡ
룬һ飺ǿȥ캣ȦӵĴʦǣԪ
˵ģѾˡ˵䣬Ѿ߹ߣ֮ǰ캣УǾֳȥԪԪȥֳ֮󣬱ʾԼڰΪ
ŶԪУ΢΢졣
ȻԪڲߣϾһ΢ĩеġ
ԪʾΪڰӻйء
ⰸӣЩȦľƲˣͮ˺һ̲סˣ֪Ȧӵߵúܽ޵оⲢܰư飬ǽרҵ
ơȻģ̬ͮȣͲܴӦæ
Լȥɡ
ͮ㣬ֳ˵ǺѸֳƶ޳ˡ
ӳưǺǿҲܸߣü
˶֪ͮ㲻æΪﲻˬֳᡣ
Ҵȥ참ЧʼߵСӣؼҪ˰æ참Ҫʺˡ
ͮɫšǿӲ˵ֳǱߣֻҪѸưʲôýģ
⡭ᡣ
΢΢ҡͷ٣Ҫһۺ̳
ҧҧܵǰ죬ǰɣ
ǶӳưôģҸ΢΢
ͮһûɵһˬ
Ȼ仰ûʲôôһ˿ζأ
Գ̬ȣͲˡ
ûаӳ
ͮٴѵⶭʱ·ƽͻȻ뵽ʲô참סĸߵСѰɣ
ţ
仰ⲻһ




1426¡ֳ
 

˴참ɵСͲԹˡ
Ƿô飬ôû֪ͨ
ɻ󣬳·ƽʵȷɵС
Ƿǳȷ庣һߵСЩ˾в˶ȥܻɷûаȥ
Ȼ참ɵСҾȥһ°ɡ˾
Ҫæưһȷʵ죬ϵɷ򸾵İȫֲС
·ƽΪӦưϲ⡣
ȵȣڻûȷǲ참ȽǾ촦ʱҪİæͮض
žΪĳλǻ𣬳ȴ˿ΪĵͮҲҪưԼ¼
ǲУͮһ¾͸ˣֻͨûִȨڰӽϣҲ޹˵Ȳӽһ£Ҫεġ
Ǻǣҵİȫ㸺𡣡ʮֺЦ
аۣ⣬ڵһСС참Ҫһ֧СӸȫ
ҪǱǼһ֪϶Ц
İȫ費ҪǸ𣬲˵㣬˵㣬֮Ǿûæ֮ǰϣ㲻ҪκβǵľٶǸСѾǷˡ̬ͮԽԽǿӲ
֪ΪʲôֳԽǿóԽϲͳŸɡ
Ϊⷬ˵һûУҪͨڵİȫ
Ȼ֪ͨˣϾݻͨ
ͮ˵ʵѾƲڰӣͱҾˣȥǾֳ˵һ˴¼ͻȻͮе״ԡ
죬ʱҵϽϾ
⻰һб°вͮҪˣ
Ȼͮ仰üһǾư𣿡
ͮʣҡҡͷڰʿȥ
úͮ˵һϻھǰɵС̽һ¡
ӣӣͮЩը
ĸϻеƢԣҲ֪ȥҪʲô˵ߣҲȥ庣
ҵ֣ҪֳһΣȥε鱦ꡣ
ͮڸıˡ
뿴ôţƲİ참ȥǸСô鷨
б²Υӳԭ·ȥ
ͮһǰһɵС
·ϣȸɴ˸绰ѯ
ԭɽϴ֮󣬲ס̫۵ıͰ庣һСԭסСͦ
Ӷ孻֮⼸춼庣СȻҲ֪С﷢참ˡ
ֻ¼ǿѲߣΪְò֣ȾưС
˳绰ɻǷǳܳġ
ĳܺܿ죬ȰͻһűɵСҲͮǿһ
С󣬳Ȼоפأûг׷
ʾ֤¥ӭӣ谭ĽС
ɵļ֮󣬳ɼݣСһСѧһ׶԰䶼С
áСкĸ˵ݣ˾СүǹԹԵĴӷʺá
æһ£ʲô壬гү
ˡЦЦƺʡ
ɳϣһ裬Ц˵үǵһιǼңûü׼ǲ˼
ÿʲôΪ˵참µĸԪֱ
ˣֱ102441155231ģԣһճŮѧݾ飬֮䣬ûȷĹɼ˵һ
ͷٴʵǶʲô
Ȼ쳶Ϲϵ˵϶ͬһ㡣
е֣͸˵һЩˡ
ûˣʱɫڣ۾ɴܹ֮죬С˶˵ǱסҲдˣûҲûֹ¼ϧǿʬ档˵ţСӵͷ
СүԷǳ£⼸ϣҪɱŲ˯š
ȥֳɡ
νġֿܻڰֳ
ãүվźڼţ߳š




1427¡һ
 

󣬳1024һȥ
׼¥ͱͮסˡ
ɣǲȥƻֳͮԴǵ˵
·ƽͶˣںһЦ
ʵѾȥֳˣûʲô֡
óȥΣ
˵ðչأ
ʶĸ£֮ͮǰûϴǰֵµľưɱͮΣҲʶ
ȻɶͮưһøжûУͮȻͳüͷͮǰҾŮӣΪ참һֱûƽϣڰǾƲˣүԽݳְƣӦøеҲŶԣ㻹Ҳóүȥ
ôһ˵ͮҲü

ΪֻѹϵڿɵļܿԶԶ
Ƿǳˡ
ͮҲʶһ㣬ǣ˳Ϲϵ͸ֵصע⡣
ʲôаƣɣȰ˵ע㣬ĵϸһΪ⣬ҸæưӰǵĹͮ˵ô粽á
ȷʵھĵ֪ϼϯҽʦڻɫش
֮⣬Ҳûʲô֮ˡ
ÿЦãλ캣о֪֪үǺε
֪ͮӴָ
ɣø˵ô࣬¥ɡڰ֣ʾɲҪ͸¶ʵݡ
Ҿ˵аۣͮҲ϶š
ǿһΣֳѾִԱȥͮ࣬˵껹վſڣɰ¥š
ү⡱
֮£ֻʾ
ʵҲеΣӹϽͮΪȷʵûд
ִֹԱȥһְľ졣
ǳȻһֳ¥£Ͳ߳ȥȻǽȥ
˷ʱ䣬Ҳܵͮߺ͵ȥ
ⲻ·
ʱ߽Ʒӡ
ֳڵˣһڴ
֪ӳƢͬȥ˶֪ͨΰ
ֳͮһ¾Լĺ£˶һۡ
ΰߵǰʺãܾòˣ
ֳáΰ֡
֮ǰмΰͷh޹¼ҲΰԵץ˵ġ
г顣
ͳкΰͮСͮôģæưôŵݿڣóȥ
ֳҵưұ֤֮ڣڰӣҪκ˰æͮĵĵ
ΰҡҡͷǰһһˣ֮ưˣںܿٳóæô罻
ѵưֳҲͮԶͷ˾Ǻá
ΰͷΣСͮϴξԷ¼𣿲ǳ֣¾ҪھԷˣ
ҡ
ۣͮΰֹȻת𾴵˵ڰ鷳æһ£¥ɡ
ΰڣͮﻹӣ
ֻվʾ
ͮһۣȻ߽ݣ2¥4סſڡ
æţһֳ߽ߵļѾȥסˣʬҲ˻ؾּ飬ֳ
Ҵʬ棬ҪĻԿһ¡ΰ˵ţһŵ
ȿֳ
һ䣬͸ͫɨס
ֳֻҲͲҪٿʲôʬ档
ͨ͸ֻͫʲô֮Ķû
ƾܶ϶Ƕ˵ֻǵصɢġ
ʲô𣿡ΰڴʵ
ҡҡͷûУȥһֳɣʬҿһ¡
áΰӻóݸ
߳סߴʬ
֪ʲô̲ͮסһ䡣
ֳǷˣʲôֵõ֣
ҳֻǿһۣ˵û֣װģĿʬ棬һưӣ
ͮӵĲ
Сͮ˵䣬úЭΰǳ
ͮ˵
Ҫͮưǿΰɲ˵ô
ֳưгרҵòЭͮ˷ۣ˵˾䷴




1428¡´̽
 

רעʬ棬ǲںͮ˵ʲô
ʬƬĵһۣһ
һߵ򣬾֮ǰ˵Ϊ
ڵ壬жߣܿж
ǵƾһƬ޷ʲô
棬ȴûпκᵽжĵط
֣ǵʬ죬ûмж𣿡
һʼʬ壬Ҳжǽʬȥ󣬷ûκζأųжһΰԹɫĹǳһɫ仯Ͳµóʲô
ͮ˵´̽ͨ˿Ƭ²жжưˣõż𣿡
Сͮΰĵͮһۡ
˵䣬ôͲأ
ͮһۣȻ΢΢һЦ˵еˡ
ͮԣһ˫ɵ¶֮ɫ
û뵽ȻԼˡ
Ϊӡ֮УİϲװƵˡ
ܻԼŶԡ
ο˺ü䣬ûܲԾˣȻϴ
ͮеֵֹĸо
룬ԼǲǶԳƫ̫ˡ
ȻһߵúܽصúܣϴξԷϾ˲Сæ
ҲԸæ참ô˵Ҳһ
ȻͮҪҪԳĹʱͷԼˡ
ͮ״ԡϾŮˣôܻˡ
ȻͷϳԼһ̣Ǿ΢΢һζĻȣȻΰ֣˴ΰȷʵȽϼ֣Ҫһưֵ鷳ָƼһ
ûеҪĸӢ˼ѾԶ
˵ΪϽΰ·ƽƺ֪˭һǰֻ
ЦʲôͮݺݵһۣȻΰֳԼưûʱ
СͮưǿǿϣưЧʽߣʱ䣬ʱɣһҪеı֣֪𣿡ΰԲ๵Ŀ˵
ͬʱͮͲٸϾΥˡ
ϷʵЦ⣬ͮţֳҺһ참참ЧʲߣҺͳưٶȣ˭ư죬һᣡ
֣ΰʱưٶȣСͮΪһ񾯲죬Ӧĸֵôưжˣڿʼǳ㲻ϳưؾһϼӳͷ
ͮΪһŮӣһίĸо
ӲƲ쿴´̽ɣ
ʼչŵЦ⣬棬Ż˵㡣
ǰڶص㣬һһŮѧһ캣ѧ飬ǳʦá
ڶֳʱ򣬳صע⣬ûκζصĺۼ
Ҳ͸֮ͫ£ֳһȫΡ
ϧڲܿ˽̽еһѸĦ˹̽񫡣
һ߿ڶϺʬ棬һ߶߱ÿһ䣬ߵ̨һ
ֵķֶηǳûκֳ֤ݣںܾûгﷸˡΰߵ̨̾
Ƭ̵˼
Ѿ͸ͫϸϸҹÿһˣΰ˵ûһ㷸֤ݡ
鲻ֿԳƵǽε
˵ںٳﷸȫķʷϣٳɱ˷
ûжû֤ݣ־ȥٻҪϣã
û˷
ٿֳҲһ֤ݵĻȥ캣оרҽԺһߵʬ壬Լǲж
ת߳⻧˼ʱȴߵͮ
ʲô£תһǣ͸ӦͮͻȻ
˵һ磬ͮûɵһ죬ȥһŻָɫ
ûʲôһڶҿе㲻ĺɫǼⲻԣȥ鱦ǲǲϱʣڣ·㡣
ֵ
ͮȡһ͸Էһ
ӹһȻһ㲻ͬѰĺɫ




1429¡
 

һɫĵһʱ䣬ųʷһ㡣
һδˣзڵĿܣΪͿӦ
ϵĺɫԲΪӦɵġ
Ƿĳֶʴڣ޷жϡ
ͮǾרҵѵ鲻ɫʲô
óһõ㰡ͮΪղźͳְ̫ӵʧ̬̲ס
ΰַͮëڵСͮͳ˵
֣ȥֳɡ߳ӣûнͮǼ۲졣
ԺаҽĶؼء
ʲôɫζʺɫܵܺжƤ΢ڣȴûκж
ֶҩڣǿ϶ʷĶҩ
ӵڶֳߵʱѾȫؼء
аҽ֮Уûһֶغͱΰơ
ΪⲢаҽмزȫǱΰĶҩԿ϶ٷְзġ
ûбдаҽ档
û˶٣ֻҪ΢һʱ䣬аշܺĶسɷ֡
Ȼͨسɷƽҩ
´ַܺûͿԷýҩȻ
Ȼα겻αķҪĻҵ֡
´̽һֱѵ⿴ܿǵɫʲô𣿡ͮʵ
óľٶ֡
ֳ֮󣬳ûղϸ飬
ưġ
عȻ˵⿴Ȼɫʲôɷ֣ܿܳΪưĹؼ
Ҿ͵ų´̽ɡΰԣͮĻ̲סЦ
ư飬캣л˭ȵ
оһ죬ûоʲô
˵⻰ǵ棬Ū
ͮЦı飬Ц
캣еһƽʱư̫˳ˣûԹͷ
ϴھԷŮ㶪Сûԡ
ͮѵѵţԵ
ڵֳûʲôµķ֡
鿴һ󣬳ΰСſڡ
֣ȥʬ塣ߵſھͿΰ˵
û⣬СͮСӴȥɡΰǸ˵ҵҪȥᣬ޷ˡ
ûϵͮ㿪·רŵͮ˾
ͮðҧֳǷֲҾܾ
ȻƽʱײΰΰһϼӳͷɲǿЦġ
Ϳʶһ캣õĳͮʻԿһת档
ϸʻƽں档
ͮҪţȴֹȵȣҸ˵仰
һæСܵǰ΢΢ͷָʾ
һĻ֪ͮø˻Ǹòˬ
˵ĵڣǰ캣е绽꣬ʮְԵͮǳͷ۵һû뵽Ҳи˸׵üӵһ졣
ˬĵڣɸ׵üǳ
ݣ˾ѾܲϹˡ
ڳµĹϵҪǱýץĵԲ참
ɣͼȰСɣȥһűסһ󣬵ưٰڶ
Ȼֳûʲô˵ĶҲҲ֤ݣΪ˰ȫǾһҰ
ɵͷõģүھ͹ȥһű
캣еһıסʮһҶû⡣
һҹȥҲһЩ
ɺ󣬳ʾͮ
㵽ʲôˣΪʲôɻôղţͮȲʵ
⣬һѶζ
Ȼش
ҪҼʶһ캣еһĳô𣿿ɡ
һ仰ͮ
ɵĹϵϵĻСץȥ24Сʱͮһ߿һв
ŵĳȷʵֿȣƽʱûڸ·׷ɷ
ʣɲǾ֣ʲôʸңЦοҵһжҪҵָʾ
㣡ͮòѷקҲˣǾϵĹϵμһ㣡
ŶҼأ㵹ǿ㰡Ȼͮ¶мɫ
ֳˮƽȷʵۡ




1430¡Ʒ۶
 

Ļͮ˿ĵ뷨رѳһ١
õ֮󣬻û˸ĳ
Ѿùˣò죬бҪڸһչһѹ׳
ϵ·ƽƺˣǿÿЦá
Ǽöӳ˿ڣֻ
Ҳп࣬ʲôãȻǶӳĳ
군ˣ
˶֪ͮҪ쭳ˣ
ȻͮһȵףȻǰȥһĸо
ǰһͮоյĳ
һͨȴܸܳǿͮ¶һ˿ɫ
ͬʱ˳һۡ
ֻʻһ仯ûС
඼ᵽɤˡ
ֻǺôΪ죬ǻڱŵɫҰס
ߣװãͮİڲΥͨ쭳
ȻֿȣԳ˿͵ӽһӲ൱մ̼ġ
ͮ㣬ܷܲ㳵٣ֻȥרҽԺֲǸȥץ֡ƿʵ
ڻܲˡ
ͮһЦǵĳ´̽ûÿ죬ܲˣûϢ
һĽп졣
ӳôôϲأ
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޷⡣
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Ϊһˣһٶôĳʸп϶ء
ѵصе㶥סܶȻ
ųɫʼպޱ仯ֻͮܳ
ͮúõ˾ϻͷĻӦ
ںطѩ΢ţпմͮţ
Ӹ֮طѩûȥ׶ѧˣǴٹѡŷĳУѧ
طѩĵľ˵ĽԼ˽档
ͮһ仰ҭסֻܽϣ·ʹİ
ڵ˾רҽԺͣʬ䣬ͮСӽ¶ȻȽ͡
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ϼϯҽʦӦóΪ´̽ˡֱͮ׵Ľܵ
귨ҽ¶֮ɫû뵽ǰˣǴϼϯҽʦ
ͬΪҽ귨ҽȻҽѧ¼ҽǳ˼顣
ֻǳʲôʱֳ˴̽ˣ
귨ҽ˼⡣
ҲҶʣϾͮƢɲ̫ãҲܿóͳ̫Ը
߽ʬ壬͸ͫһɨʱüͷ
ԭ֮ǰжϣ˺ܴƫ
ߣʬдж
ƤڣҲնûκιϵ
ߵ״̬ǻĳ޷ΡѸļ
ʬУߵĹʷûʲô֢ڽࡣ
ΪʲôͻȻôصļʱ
ļļԳѪ˨кԵĻ֢״
ֲǳаҽﶼûмعġ
һʱ˼תԺ֢
ʿʲô𣿡귨ҽǳڴҲǳʵ
⼸ϸߵʬ壬ʬ죬ĳδ֪أֻûжأֻܻɶ½ۡ
֮⣬Ҳ
֪ҽ˵˾ϲķ֡
ͮһ¶֣صɫҲе棬һѵĿʲôˣ

̧ͷ귨ҽ
߻ĳֲֹ
˵ͻȻĳһ֮Ĺֲ귨ҽɵõɴ۾
ȫⷽ롣
ߵʬ壬Ҳ޷ⷽ롣
Ϊʵ̫ˣ
̲ͮסӵ´̽òְҵ˰ɣôǻôĹֲҪ֪߶賿Ϣʱʱ䲻СʱԶҩɵģȻҲء
ڲȷֲֲֹֹܴĳģҪȼһϵĺɫɷ֡
ߵĹֲйء
ȻֻеŮѧλҲƵλ·
óеֵһ㡣
Ĩ֤ݣȴƫƫڵѵڹ⿼龯ư




1431¡ֵĺɫ
 

ó޷ģֵĶ
Ķҩһ߳иСľϣƽʱûе˭Ϊʲôƫƫ¶
һ·˼ʼ벻ֵĶʲô
´̽ѾרҵˣͲü˰ɣ˷ʱ䡣
ͮǸûҪͣʬ䡣
ߵʬ壬ѾͷҽˣҲκ
˵ϵĺڵ㡣
ȥ鱦ϰ壬˵ܴϰʳʲôõϢ
ҲͮΪûа취İ취
ȥǾûˡ
ʱȣʱ޿̶ٴη
ͮԼж
֪Լ϶Ͼΰཻ
ûпͮǿ귨ҽнĺɫɷȡ𣿡
ȡΣÿζʧܣ޷зɫʡ귨ҽҡҡͷ
İ취û
ڲִз룬ӷ⡣
ѾȽ޲ߡ
ԣ΢΢죺޷룿顣
ԼҲŷɫʣ÷ĻԼͲóˡ
ڣֻѡʹܽ⵽ֻʣ·ڵĲ֡
ɱ֤ƻµҲֻһԡ
ȳȥɡҸû˵ĵطٳԷɫʡ
ͮԭΪͣʬ䣬ô˵⡣
󣬳ĵһ仰ǣȥϴּ䣬š
Ҫȥãͮʵ
ͷͮһۣžˣô𣿡
ͮʱΪ֮ᡣ
Ŀͳ߽ϴּ䣬̲סһʺ࣡
ӳҪô˵ҿ˵а취ҳֵһС˵
ͮ˶һۣͷӬһתҳʲô𣿵ҳֲ֪˶ˣ
ͮĽǶȣģ֮ǰ£ֳͲ鿴ʬ塣
ͮȻΪù˷ʱ䡣
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ͮļӣɲվڳĽǶ˼żư
ΪֳĽòų˷ʱ䣬ȻԹܴ
·ƽЦͮ㣬ҿ鰸ͦ뷨İɣҳһҽʬҲͷӬת
ðһȫ첲աӳǲǣ
һٸ˵ͮһ
ƻٰٹ͡
ҲǴĵ׵𾴡ĸԸΪͷ
Ƕˣͳż棬ͿڿΪ˵û
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Ϊӳںεأ
ͮŭƺ·ƽŲӣ
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Ĭĸϻ˾ú¡
˶ڰ룬ӳ룬Գ˵϶ʲô¡
һײĴϷҪˡ
ͮԽǱԽûô
Ϊϴּɫʣȷʵûô졣
һԷǳߵĹȫעļ
һʼڵڲλܵʱͷַڲλܵӰ죬ԵĺɫȻʧˡ
ڲλһ㣬һɷĺɫʸٵÿ
ֻܽʣһ㶹Сķڲλǳࡣ
ջüͷ΢΢
ټȥȫɫʶʧ
޷Ժɫʽнˡ
ͻȻһҪϢ
ǾǺɫʿŷǳĻԣֻƽʱȫ¶
ҲΪʲôҽѧ޷ɫʲô
Ǻɫȴ
һɱԵұ
˼ãɱûô򵥡
ѡʱֽɫʣǼ۲ɫʺǷ仯
߳ϴּ󣬳һ۾Ϳͮһˬĵ
֪Լȥϴּʮ룡ɻûôãͮһھǴֱ֮
ЩΪͮ仰ŮӹȻŮӣǻ治ɫġ
ڷСʱһӶ죬ֻǼѡ
վͮһΣЦЦҲҳԲˣֻԭء
Ŷһĵʮôˣ




1432¡ɴʻ
 

ʱٷϸȻҪʮӣܲһưĽȸУͮԴǵĳ
ȻҴͷưǾ͵ðҵĹͮעݡ
ķǺȥ
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¶ӳҪ˷Ѳʱ䣬æʵôˣ
ʱûʲôһк۲졣
˵ţóڳһ㶹С
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ȫףô쵽ġ
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־ж
Ҷ沿λǳƽϵġ
·ƽͶƿ
ͮȻҲܾ棬㾹ȻΨһ֤Ū
ȱżұ˷ڲλûʲôӰ졣µĽʷŽڴ
ͮ߹ڴ̽ȥ
쵽һ룬ͱһץסˡ
ʲô
֤ұܣ·ϣǳ׻ٵǶʧͮĿԣͬʱͼѳơ
˾ͽ޹
ƾͺһѸǯĶס
ͮ˫·ܳ˵ӣƽ֮ӣ֮ڶ˿Ħˡ
ذ
ϣûʲôطҵĿڴҪȫš˵
֣ͮ˲ըˣ
ȻУ˱ƺš
ûһ˸ҵ棬˵֡
һ˵ˣһˣ
΢΢Ŵͣп졣
ȻʵҲڶӳǰ˵ɵְ
ǳûдԲˡ
ղĻײ棬û뵽ľҪ
˵һԣͮ˿̾һҩըҩͰڱըǰס
ǹô˵Żˣ㲻ţ״ԣʲô캣еһƿƵģ
㣡ͮ˫Ŀϵı飬׺ݵ˺ɣʱпܰѳ̻
ţ״ԣֵͮɴʻ㣬һԶ˵ˣ
˻죬ץͷɴ۾ŵĿų
״Զͮ˵ǱŸصݣ
ˣⳡҪݱɾͻˣ
ȥͮŭڳױֶʮѸͳǹҪ׼
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˶Ǵ粽õӣͮץסǹ޷׼۵һͣͳһĴ򿪾ҪϿȥ
ҲʲôȸһؾֽѶ
ͮ˻ᣬúһ³ʵݡ
ۿҪϣһܵ˼ûУЦȷҪץһؾ֣
ץȥҲʱúưͮһʯ⡣
ѶѹҪǽؾͿԲưˡ
ꡱһֱʵʵĿס
һĻ˵˿úܲ˼飬ͮҲеû뵽
ϾԳ֣Ǻ׵ġ
ߣ֪ʵˡͮŭ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ٷǷǱʵʵס
ζЦǾ죬ֻһССƽҷ
֪ͺá
ͮһ˵һѳһָֻϡ
ͻȻ֣Ца
ԤвͮҲ룬Ҫȥ
ͷʱѾˣ
һ̣Ƶͮ󣬽ƵǽϣֱӿȥѹסȻһߵͮϡ
ʲôſңͮѹţ촭ˡ
ͮķǳãǽһӴͲˣһŦ۵ڵϡ
ںȻʲôһĻǾ̾
Ϊͮƣ˲뵽ĳŮ֮Ե˶
ǰǻǾͬ־Ҷͮа뷨
ڿ˶ţ޸˭ݵ˵ģȻֻгǿӲˣѹסͮ뺷Ů˰
ͮͳȣһ졢һأֻоһǧĸְѹţʼŤȣ޷ѳѹơ




1433¡Ū
 

å޳ɫǣſңͮһߵһߴ
Ϊˣ ͮСûһ˿׸⣬һ˵ͨӣĴ󺺣ܲһȡ
ͮȣȴ˫ȿס˷ø
ܵۻϢǿ⣬ͮ߷߽ӡ
лһ˿ңһ˿߳ܵƣһ˰ǽϣԺôˣ
ȴûаᱡͮ˼ļƷŮȥˣм֮׵Ҳ٣￴ͮûһŮζţ
ѹֻͮԵͷѿһ°ˡ
ǲԹѵһ·ϲ֪ҪٴΡ
ͮ˵ʵҶһȤûУҲåɫǵĺˣñΪҳƷζС
仰ԭĶˣ̲סЦ
бº޲øĴָ
Ϊ⻰˵ÿ̫ˣ
ͮ˼㣬ȴƫƫѹƵöãǸ
ȻԼĴŴ粻ģΪһŮˣ֪Լòʲôġ
˵ͮܵ˺
ӲͱŮӱòҲòκŮ
ǣ˵ȻпЦ
Цңͮȵ
±˿Լ⸱˵ӡ
ӳǰһͣ
ͮ㣬㻹Ǻͳúùͨһ°ɣܱǸǰﲻ㡣⻰Ǵʵ
ͮȡ֣ǹ
˺һҲǳĶ֡
ͨҸåͨƨͮǽϣ˵еϢ˳ٲſңҾåϮ㣡
ǺǣΪ죬Ե޹ǹ׼ʲô˼ûͮĻŵ
ͮ˵ܻЦ
ҡҡͮһ仰˵޷
ǹΪȷʵֻʱͷϣû뵽ôࡣ
㵽Ҫôŷſң
ҧҧͮǾˡ
Ȼֻʱġ
˼룬ǹааЦݡ
ȻóֻԶ֣ĸСƵ
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·ƽ˸㲻ôġ
ϻϽġɲںʲôʲʡ
ڵݣҺ˵ʵˣһֶֻù
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ʲôӣĸСƵֻ൱һ棬氲ֵ㡣
ʵϳġ
ȻƵͮ߳ƣҪ׵ͮһΡ
Ըһֻĸϻͱ취
СƵͮԺ󻹸Ҳǰʹ١
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ͮü衣
ڨЦӳƵͿԷ㣬̰ɣҳ϶ûʲôġ
˵֮㰴¼һδԼʮСƵ
ڼͮв棬ƶ
ո꣬ءĵ
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ǰͮǹû޹
ھȻ˳
ǳҲû뵽ͮŻޡ
ʱŪе㲻˼
ءҺ㣡Һˣͮ߿ޱ
ȿȡɿڷſͮȻֻû
ػɵͮת˫Ҫɱ˵۾䶢ס
ûз쭣ǲᣬ˵ɾƵ
Ƶʲôʱɾȡı֡ɲΪŪͮ
ŵÿ졢ɵҲ죬һ¾ͻָԭ
Իù۲֡
ͮӲԣ֪ԼʱԳ޿κΣֻȡԿ׼⿪
һ룬Կ׾͵˳ϡ
㻹ûꣿͮոѹȥŭ𣬲һˡ
΢΢һЦԿȽұܣǾ仰ܷ⿪ɾƵͿˡ
㣡޳ܣ
ͮ
ֺͳֿһ𣬲֪˻Ϊ֮ʲô»
б¶̾棡
ˣǼưֵɣ֮ǰֺܻܿٴףǽȥ庣Сأ˵оϲ
˵ݿȥһͮ嶼󱳿ȥ




1434¡̫Ӳ
 

ͮһײ̵֮ܵţôûûģײ
㣡ͮеŭ𶼿ˡ
һԼ󣬰ǰײȻ˵Լײģ
ͮԼٸȥҪ
ں濴һ͵Ц
ֳͮûʲô취ȴȫȫͮεģνĿǰɡ
ЦʲôЦĳңͮͷۣû
洩źTһӳ
ӳҵϽ³ͮ
ͮõ󣬽ͳסֱ۲λߵ汻ָָ㡣
ҪǱ͵ĴȥĻء
۳û˵ʲô߽ݡ
ͮǱȥġ
ȫܺͳȣǸƽУҪһֱں棬ֻܲϱ
Ϊ⿪ɾƵֻͮӲţһӻûй
¥£ͮ㿪ͻ˶ơ
쿪庣ɵСʱ㿪ڵȱ𿪽ȥ
ǰѳͣƲ׳ʲô˼
ҽԼ˳Էڸ̫Ӳ㵼һ¿ȥɡղطѩ΢ŵʱ˶½ļص㡣
صǳѡģɵСǳֽٷĻͿڼ̵ʱڸϻС
ͮһͲˬˣ´̽ҪСôҪȥԷ
Ȼͮ仰˵÷ǳƣܹ
СǾأֻҪκη紵ݶ̴绰֪ͨҾУҽֲһ֡Ȼ˵ҪأҲС˷ʱ䡣
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ûκ֮ɫݻشûԤҰһλ
õģҵзԱת·
Ҳ𱬣ȫϯպһʱȡԤճһλ
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ͮŶһóֻϢʱС
Ȼ⿪̷С뵽Ǹޱ߳ܵСƵûɾסûվ
֪ͮʲôǹŵЦ⣬򿪸ղƵ˿ȽڰӣҾͰƵɾ
ҪһƲ˰һ޷ɾƵǸƵͮҧ
ʵ̫߳ˣ
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ûһưܡͮ뷴һ뵽ԼҪֺòɾƵֻٴסúúãư´̽
⽫´̽ĸҧرأﻹǺܲ
óȴҲúͮ죬Ǵ΢طѩͻʲôʱ򵽡
ԼʮӺ󣬻ɴٻڲſڡ
֣˱㾶ֱ
º󣬻ɱЦſڵǺþòˣ˸Ůѣ




1435¡θ
 

⻰һʱһ¡
ͮ˲ɫ̳ҲŮѣ
˼ڨЦһΡ
Աߵٻһǡ
ʵһʼٻҲͻһΪͮǳŮѡ
ǵӡУòļƷĴŮѲ˳ġħצ
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ͮüһˣᾯ
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ٻţ캣еһƢ治С
Ϊգתƻʵ״أôûһ
ϼҺʲô飬Ѿٻȥһˡɽ͵
˵ͷ״ǳǵˣؼһͦõˣ˵ϼһʲô¡
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һЦôţʵҲûϸԼʲǶҵ˵ǮǮѾôҪˡ
ᣬҪľǽǮ
ȴԲԼ򳵡ҪѴǮȫûЩա
˳ȷʵԽǮǺܴ󣬳ĳЩҪһʹôǮط֮ġ
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ĳй˾ĹƱµҹ˾ʲҲӦ٣ĸͻʵʱ񵥡
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ʱٻԼѻشᾯ٣˵ĸʵǲ׼ģΪǹкܶûйƲθҪǰЩȥԻᷢ츲صı仯
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ٺ٣ĸǸձҵʾһˣȽս࣬㣬Ǿòôߵнˮʮָм˵
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ΪɽһгְԱǳԱ
ΪĹϵϻϼŬı֣õڴнˮ
ֻҪٻŬ꣬캣ȫ⡣
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1436¡ڨ
 

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1437¡а뷨
 

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1438¡¹
 

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1439¡ԩ·խ
 

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1441¡ֱж
 

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1442¡Ӱ
 

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1443¡ֻһ
 

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1444¡
 

ûȶ׺ͺٷӦߵ̨Ե¿ȥ
ܹĿ¥֣ٵʬ壬һ̲Ѫˮ֮УΧվż¡
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ȥУȥͮͮôûûŻܳʲô顣
ϳһղС˵Ǳ·Ǵݣ¥ݣִ¥ܣӦ˰




1445¡ֲ
 

ûʣһ̨¥ݿȥһóֻͮĵ绰
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ҽǼҷǳεҽȻҽô˵Ĳ֢ܲС¡
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һţܳ·
ͮϣĿĵأ캣ҽԺ




1446¡һСʱ
 

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ҽѶסصҽԺſʱλü߲·ˡ
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Ҳһɲ֣Ǿ۲쵽һ̡
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ʵ˶Ϊ³ܸôӦˡ
Ϊټܸǧ
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ܲһСʱͻ᳹
Ƕ׺ͺԽԽǹŵЦҾ˵ˣĻҼ壬ϧǲҪϵһСʱ
Ǵ˻𣿸ϽβɣǮܹ״˿̺޲һȭ




1447¡ؼҩ
 

ͺٶûˣǷϻöһӻ
⻹˵ʲôҽأ
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׺ͺٵĸĸһѱһᣬû˾͸ɥһ
е㲻ͷͮһͬ߳˱˵
ȷҩκǵĲ𣿡ͮʵ
ҽΣаٷְٵİκáͮ˵ֻʣ²һСʱҽ·졣
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Ϣǽϳ˵ġ
ҽҽԺĹԱжμҺҵ˳ȥ˲ʮҩ꣬ûһҩǺ
ŲҩķǳϡƽʱòĸҩϰỨôǮɷţ
ȫڳ֮С
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ϴҴææ߳ҽҵǺˣ




1448¡
 

Ŷ캣оȻҩǺ仰ɵ¶֮ɫ
ϵͷ˵һڰ·ҩꡱ
δ˵꣬ŵֻͻȻ
绰ȥǼҩǺĹԱϵġ
ܳ˵ʱûйҶϵ绰
Уͮͬʱһݡ
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شģһС
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ͷҺᾯٹȥһ£ϣ
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˽ҩִ꣬ģҩȴЩɭ
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͸ͫѸɨһҩ꣬ܿҩһ䷢ֹԱӰ
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ͮҩڼͲȵطһ飬һԱҲ
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Աָʶ¶֮̿ɫй
ĹǲǱɵˣ̲ͮס㿴ʲô˵һ㣡
ԱԴƺǳʹ࣬˺ü룬ſڵҺ񡭡һӰʲô
һ
ѵǸӰ
ͮҲͳ뵽һȥʵٺú룬һؾ¼һݿڹ
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ͮҲ߳ҩ꣬ԷԱΪߡ
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ֻҩȷʵһǺҳһݣʮϣͨǺҪϡֵʮԪϡ
óǳɻǣ캣ֻҩǺԱĺܿ֡
ôҩĿĺˣǾǺܹκָµĹֲ
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һɵ㡣
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˵꣬óֻ绰Ǵ˺üζͨ
ͮǸԱ߽˵Աʧ˰ɣ
ᾯ٣ҴͨԱĵ绰ֻͷǾһˡɻǵǣλϰƽʱԱΪػ
ȴڳԸүӿɲͨˣҩֻСʲҩҵڡҵҵǶSKCʽ磻ֳɾͣ϶򵥣̫͵ˣҶ鲻ı
˵꣬ӵĿһ䡣




1449¡
 

һ̣ǣû뵽ԼҲп۵ʱ
ٴһӣǿλǫ͵ʿȻӵʲҵš
ò˵ӱ濴ȥʵ̫͵ˣ͵ò񻰡
˵ּ϶Դһǿ
ͱᰣʮ꣬ƶʡҵŮʣͶ֮䣬ԶԶһŮҪǿö࣬ʱѹ͸
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ҳʵе׬ǮˣڵᣬΪ˵͵Ʋ¶ûκλ
һ⣬Ϊʲô캣ҩ궼ûǺҵȴ˵ţóǺ
ӿǺȴ¶¶֮ɫǺ𣿳ҽʵҲ̫˽ҽҩҾüȻҩ꣬ӦþҩģԱʱ֮裬ڷ˿͵ͬʱҲΪǵӪһÿڱǵ겻ǺϡҩģõԱȥɹġ
ԭ𣿡߻ع̨棬һҩȥȻҩŸϡҩĵıǩ
Ҳ˵ҩ겢׼ǺֻΪΪ˿룬ɵһɺϰˡ
ҽᾯ٣ʻҪ¿ʱǵ鰸ʼչò΢Цʵ
̬ͮȺܺãεİҲȥټ˼ҾӪֲҵ϶Ǵæˣǲ˼һֱˡ
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ȻǸ˵ͮȴһ㲻գΪ˵ɱȳˡ
ᵽưʱ򣬻ַڳǰ棬˵ӿư
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ҽô𣿡ӲԹɫıǳһ֪Ҫʡ
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һ㿪ڵʵֻҸ˵Ĳ²⣬庣Сɱֵ÷з𣿶ᾯ캣оư֣ұ²ᾯٺͳҽǱε참
µȫͮһӸˣҿ̽Ǳʣһǿˡ
ʱеֻһܼ򵥵߼Ÿ˵ġ




1450¡Ǻ
 

Ȼӵ²ȷʵûһ⡣
ôֻܰصǺĲɹˡ
ΪʲôһֱץǺһ㲻ţ
Ϊҽѧ֪ʶ֪ǺҩжôϡѰ
֪ɹӵǺҲһԸۡ
˸Ǯ֮⣬ҪһܲɹõǺ
˳ΪΪ˿룬صزɹǺҩɲ֡
ʮӣӵۣһλOLװɫŮڵ
ܣҵҩʲô𣿡۸ղŽӵͷBOSSĵ绰ķǳ⡣
һ£ӵݣԲᵽһССҩ꣬ҩ˴¡
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õģ֪ˡû뵽ͮͳᣬݾȻһ㣬ʱеСš
ţǹ˾ƽʱûʲô飬ôȴҪʣ
еţͮ΢΢һЦʵҲûʲô⣬ֻǵĳ´̽ҪشһЩ޹ؽҪѡ
εĿͮһۣȻߵǰ
˵ǺĲɹҪ㸺ϸ˵˵λϡҩĲɹģ
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ô򵥣λҩ̽ΪǿͻĹϵԸǺ𣿡е㲻š
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ΪǶڵĲ
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ȷʵҪǺԷܺ߻޷ʱΣ鷳ɹһЩҪһ㶼
ֿ϶İø˻ϹֲǺǳҩвɻȱһҩġ
ǰ׼á
ӵĹ˾ӵ캣ΨһǺɹ
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ԳֻӶɹ
ӻûش۱㿪ڵҽܹҩǺ۸ǰǺüһҪʮǶɹһЩҪѼĲɹѡ
ͮҲȥˣһɱҪ˼ҹ˾ƷѼô˵ȥ
㲻Ҫ̫˼ⷱæԸѾܺˣ㻹ҪɹôǺʱòô죿ѵǮ𣿡
ǾǮһҲԼҪ֣ǮͮǾֳ˵죬ʱҪõǺȴĻ޵ʱ򣡡
룬´̽㻹δ֪ǲǣǾץ֣Ǻ˷ʱĻҪõôǺͮԽԽóЩû˷ʱ顣
ȴҡҡͷתӡ
ǹ˾ɹĻ͸Ǹҩ˵һжǺȫҪˡ




1451¡ֳ
 

ˣҽǺǹ˾ɹɣΪΰһ֮⣬ǾѼɹǺ
һ֪ܵĺ˲ַˡ
Ӵ˾٣Ҳͮӵ
ô˼ʵǺܿòôǺ
ţ˼ԼɹǾǮ͵ְɣ˵ô໰ʲôļмһ䡣
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õģû⡣ӵ˵ͷĿͳ뿪˵˾ߡ
صһű˼䣬ǲõģпʼ
⼸죬һּͻƵĸо
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ܹκϡֱͻƵĻԶ孽ʥĸ𣬾иİա
ǳҲ֪ͻƣǧܼһʱ
Ϊۻ֮⣬Ҫڤڤһ
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ͺѧԣƽʱģܿ90֣ʽӲϲ90
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ҲǴ״̬
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ͳǰС˵вͬС˵дģֻҪʿ㹻ԴٲҲǿͻơ
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ιͯ׶԰ж¼ҪõǺ̴
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ãǺѾ˵͹ȥ




1452¡ŭ
 

ӵİЧʣǷǳġ
ŸҪӴɹǺû뵽ҹ˿˹ٶóе⡣
ӵݣԭҪֺΪǴɹǺ϶ҪԳͷҲܹ˵Ӷư·ǳġ
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㡭ͮȰ裬ͻȻŶ롣
Сᣬóְɡ
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ſڣ˵ʲôΰȴҡҡͷȻת߳⡣
ֳ˼ͮһǾɳѶˡ
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˭ָʹģǳĵһ⡣
ʦ˫ĿŹ⿴ųͻȻһЦҽǲ̫ˣûָʹңҲûֶҩȻпѶңȥȺӣҽһҪѪ鰡ٺ٣
֪һͷԣ϶ʲʲôҲٷϻˡ
һ룬ʦСһѨ
ԭΪԼܹ̱ƹĳʦһʹôг




1453¡ûô
 

õҽҲµѶߡ
Ϊ幹˽ﵽ΢ĵزƳмë֪һ
Ҳĸλʩ룬ɵʹ
ʦȻɱĲҽУΰͮˡ
ֳ⡱
Сᣬʲôûΰɫƽĵȼһܽ
ɥĲķˣҲܷŭֻóƽ
ڳڵΪϵˡ
ѡʲôûʲôû
ͮٴδסһҽк̲סʵֳĺ𣿳ֻһͨ񡭡
Сᰡ飬ܶ㶼֪ϣЩǷֲģԺˡΰ˵껰һ̣Ȼ³һȦ
ͮûΰⷬ
ǮбûǳܹĹ
ȫ󲻵
ֳʲôˣ
ʣҲ֪ҪܳΪѣ㡣ΰͮͻȻ¶һĨζ΢Цƺڰʾʲô
ͮ޵ƲƲ죺ҲŲּһѣ֪һСƵ

δ˵ִ꣬һҽС
ͮң˵ĲҽиպǼ֮߳˵©졣
ΰҲûжʣ졣
ʦѾεֽһϢˡ
Ļָʹ˭ʼնظ⡣
ʦҲǳϵӲܳܵʹ࣬Ȼͦס
ҽʱ䲻ˣٺ١
ʦ仰ó۹øˡ
κ£ʲôܶ³ˡ
ƫƫʦǲɿڣѵֻԼ¶᣿
һӣôƵóôĶҩ
οԳĽǶ֮ǰСɱڵ׶԰жֻܺͻȻϹֲж
ϣͮĺӰְݣʦҲԲϡ
˳ǲţֻгʦһˡ
˵˵ʲôֶθͯ¶ģһ⡣
ʦΪʹ࣬һֱҧأѪЦһ̬ٺٺ٣ǵĳҽôһֻشôҪõʲôֶΣ
ܺãҿ㻹̵˶ã
ŭ֮£˫ס룬ʦԴ
Ȼˣִյ÷ǳã֤óʦʹൽµͬʱֲڵ
ֻʦ˫۵ɵϴȫݣ˲һ亹ҽˡ
ֻʣŵƺ
󣬳ȡ룬ʦʹĿŤƤëϸѪܼѣ̶ʱ侭˵ĥ
˵˵顣
˵˵
ʦܲס׼ɿˡ
Ȼһ̣˫ͻȻŷ˷ܵĹâаۣԶ֪˭
仰һ¶֮ɫ
֣Ȼ֪Ǵ˵еаۣ
ķıԶԶǳҽ֮ô򵥣
ʦЦ֮ͻȻѪԴһᣬûϢ
̿͸ͫһԭȻҧԾˡ
ȻǰܾĥóʦȥǱ
ͮʦĴУ̲סʵֳ˵ʲôаָۣǰڸֵа𣿡
ǡΰ¶һ˿ɻ֮ɫ
ͮһ֪Ǵ˵еаۡ
Ϊʲôʷˣ˻ͻȻᵽа۰ѵͮһ󵨵뷨
漴뷨Ӳˡ
ΪǾܵ飡
ΰɫСᣬ֪ʲôǺܴˣȻǻĵſλаۣ»Ų١
ҲΪҪаۣһǰһءͮΰϴһ¿ȻֳԳܿأҲްθ߳ݡ
ΰ̣ӽԱߵͰӹһĨ֮ɫôûˣ
ˣòѷ˰ɣֳǽȥͮ
ôҪķˣûͱôжͯĸĸ캣ڽ
ΰҲʶԣͷͮ򿪷ţѸ߽ȥ䡣
һۣͿڵϡ
ƺڳ˼
ѷˣͮ첽߹̽·˵ıϢʱһ
ΰߵǰֳе㲻̫Ծ




1454¡׳
 

û°ɣ
ΰػعƽ͵ĵû£˲ԸйԼҧԾˡ
ԭˣǾеϧˡΰûѯʳʲôֶΣֻ΢ʾź
ΰ˼Ǹ֣˼ɱǾ罻
û£ЩͽɣȾζͯ
ȻΰҲһ㣬ԴΪأϣܹ280ͯ
罻ɱ飬ǴҪġ
ΰͮȻͮҲϣܹͯȬԷɱ¹ڻǳ˽ˣͲĽ
ԺҪô嶯ˣʷ˵飬ǽǾ
ͮ仰˵÷ǳأóʶԼĴ
ҲûǴȥӵӵĵ绰
ͮں˶ţΰʾ侲
߳󣬿ں˵Ҳ
ҪǺѾȫ˹ˣô̬ȳϿңԵúǼȻҲΪ280ͯġ
ټĵǺýҵҩ
õģСۣԱǰǺת˵
۵ͷ첽߳׶԰ſڡ
һȺΧҪɷãȫɵ
ЩǶܺ棬ƽʱô¶桢͵ҵӣΪʲô
Ƿǳ֪Ĵ𰸣һֱţֻɵȡ
߽ңӵԱһкʢǺҩк󣬱ýϴ캣ȫӢҽҩֳҩ
Լ280ͯʩ룬ƣԱ㻼ͯǵ壬ܹõҩЧ
ЩͯȻϹֲû׺һϲҽΣ˳㹻ʱ䣬ֻҪʩٶȹ졣
ղʳʦҲֻʱ䡣
ֻʩչɽ룬ҪõҪͯʩ룬϶вСġ
˳ʩͬʱ룬˴ΰĻ֣ѵʵ
ɹ280ͯٳ֣
ǸĻֿǷѾ˼ˡ
ʱһһĹȥ150ͯʩ룬̧ͷһӱѾȥСʱ
⻹ȫעٶʩ룬Сʱɶ150ͯʩ롣
ʣ130СʱɣѾȡ
˳ʩٶȸˣԽʩٶȵļޡ
Ȼѽɽõó뻯ʩٶȣǷǳ
ϵѾҩ˸ͯҩģʣµ˶һԹĦʩַÿҽѧרҿþһ
ֻгҽ
ûгҽ캣еҽѧרң͵üͯĸĸǺ캣лˡ
ҽѧרǿųһʩ룬ǳְ࣬ﲻæҲǷǳ
ֻܰճָʾʩĶͯǷҩ
ҩͼӰЧ
ǰ150ͯҩ֮黺࣬е֮⣬ûκΣˡ
ͯΣգϵҽѧרҵ죬Ҳһ
ҩûκ⣬ǺҲ㹻á
鿴ͮǺ˵ҪҩǺǺ¡
ԼֹɹǺ280ͯ޷ʱҩ
Ȼҵר仰Ǽٵġ
Ȼó̽һͿ˼Լ򣬿Ǳҽģ
˵Ǻãã
Ѽɹ280ͯʵֵֵ̫̫
Բ𡣡ͮ߹ϿҵĵǸ
šͷҲû̧֪ͮˡ
ȫͶͯʩ֮У΢һ룬ʩٶ½пһͯ޷ʱʩ롣
ͮ״ҲҴų߳ȥҳǻ㱨ϲѶ
˵йͯɹõΣҳǵɫ΢һЩеĴʯͷ޷¡
Ϊ˭Ҳ֪Լĺǲǹͯеһ
ֲǽȥÿҳȹϵϡ
֪ĸСʱȥתͷĻᷢҹɫѾ߳С
ʩĽҧͷֻʣʮͯˣﻹпտǰ컹ϣ
˫ʮָɣһĶãͬʱͯʩ롣
ǳʱȣƲѲ
ΪɽʩѶȷǳߣһĶǷǳðյģһСĿܻԶͯ˺˿̵ĳ·ڵ衣
գɹһĶõʩֶΣһͯʩϣ̧ͷʱôһʱоתʵ̫ˣ
ǳǣȴǹοЦݡ
ƣһʤ߼
죬280ͯ
ǹŽҽߣɵ׳٣
ҽϣˡ




1455¡ȫл
 

ÿһλҽѧרңһ̶ԳȻ𾴡
ӰͯϢǶ޲øˡ
Ͽǳƣ羴֮࣬ĳۻˣ߹ʵҽʩ뽫ʮһСʱҪҪϢһ£ЩͯǾͽտ
˵ͷû˵ʲô
Ϊ״̬ӻüҽѧרҹס
Խ϶ٴ飬ֹһҽΪʮСʱʮСʱ¹ۣ˾ȻˣԼȴ
˽ϷǳģҲ
ֻǱ濴ʵԶԶû͸֧ĵز
ڣ֫ٺ
ֻǾĵñȽ޷޸
״ҲڳԤ֮УߣԶͨǿ
ǿʩչɽʮһСʱеԲһʿ϶;͸֧
ΪǶھĴϣǰЩʿͨɱȵġ
÷ңչ˺öͯС˵ţߵһ¡
ϼ״ֻõͷҽʲôҪ͸˵
šӦһȻʼĿ
һҽѧרңܳȥ֪ͨ280ͯȫɹεشϲѶ
һ˲䣬滶һƬĶ䡣
Щҳϲ
ÿӶǸĸĵıܰѺ͵ﶥ׶԰ѧļҳǰѺӵĸα
֪תΣΪ֮£Ҳ
˼ҳάľӣ׶԰ſڵʮһСʱļǣҲһƬ䶯
ÿ߶ͷֻ༭Ϣߴ绰Լý࣬ռͷš
ܿ죬ҽɹ280׶԰ѧţ캣С
캣е񶼳׷ͬʱ׷̳ҽҽ·ҽʵ̫ˣ
ýǼͷ棬һʱɷó
ķӦͼǵľٶΰãȻʩȳɹǾҲԸýһˡ
Сᣬȥһ³ҽԸԸܲɷã
õģȥʣûоֳķԸͮȲȥҳ
һתŽȥ
֪ʩ׳ٵһ̣ͮĶԳһвƫȫɢ
ȻƢ𱬣ͳԸ񲻶ԸȴּǳСŮˡ
׳𺳡жԳ̬ҲתΪ塣
ҲΪ֮ǰϣɹǺ飬еûڡ
ͮȥʱͻȻһ
ᾯ٣ܸܲһȥ˵֮ӡ
ûΪæ뿪ҲȺʮһСʱ
ͮ뵽ΪֱҹǺ´һȥǾ˵ȥˡ
ٿΰɫҲĬ˼

ͮӽȥǿæµҽѧרǣ˯ĺǡ
Ȼ󿴵һĿ
ԥ£ͮǾ߹ȥ
Ӧǰ߹ˣ۾漴۵ӹһ˿Ȼ֮ɫ
ͮڣһҲ֡
ִæҲôãͺѵˡ
ûϢɣͮе㲻˼ʵ
ûУʲô飿
һ֪ͮŶ̬ڳת䡣
ֳ㣬ԸԸȥܼǵĲɷãͮ˵꣬ڴĿų
ó캣еӢˣȥܻ͸л
ȴɴľܾҲܲɷãţ鷳ȥһɽ
ͮһ£һֽţȴζ
һת߳ҡ
ֿӣллҹǺ㣬ҩĻᶼûС
ǺǣøлֻǾ֮ͶѣЭҽ280ͯҡ˵ĻȻȽϿףϣûаα֮Уź
ЦЦ´󹦣ȴǫ飬
ҽˡԵ̾һ䣬˶ֵҽɹ280ͯ£칦磬ҽ֡ᾯһףһ£ҲӽύҽĽ磬ҽô
ҺܸܺΪѣˡ޷μ칦磬ΪȽƣҪȥϢһ¡
ҹ˻ǺغʮһСʱʼ϶ӵƷû⣬ôֺη
˵Ӻƽĵӿǲˣ֪ҽоôǼһЩҩ͸ҽ̲




1456¡ѷ
 

⣬ˣֻҪȥϢһ¾Уʱòʲôҩ΢Цܡ
ڳľܾҲ⣬ЦȻˣǾȥϢɡ
ǴæˣԭҪȺôãĻһȥҲˣȥϢȽϺáóҲЩƣˣ֪λҩѣжǺֻûץٴηǻҪǺҩԡ
ףӻȥ͸λҩϵҲҽ׼һѽλҩǺȫɹҪֻλҩڲչˡ˵һ㣬ӵһ˿ǡ
һҲ΢΢üͷ
ǺϹĻǿһ鷳
Ϊ֮ƣֻзԼȫزɹǺ
ʱ߽ͮպ˵̸
ɹǺĳɱǾɣǹ˾еˡͮ仰Ҳΰ˼
΢΢һЦûϵԸǾһеʳɱ
ô˼ʵͮĲǺܾΪǾʽҲ޵ġ
ɹǺҪ򼸰ǧʽȫɾѹǳ
˼άݣܿ뵽еķᾯ٣ش󰸼ǣÿ캣ģȫзļ裬ＯһʲɹǺʽǾܣ㿴ô
⣡ͮǰһӲҵӢһ¾ܺõĵӡ
󲿷Ǯ٣280ͯļҳɶǮˡ
ÿ˳ʮģмʽˡ
þֳһļϸڡ
ͮ˵ţҪȥ
˻ţȫ¶ʦݱǱļҪ顣
ǺĲɹɱ˵ȫ£ĳеˣǮֻҪܾȻظһжֵõġ
ǳǸʦܲһķô򵥣ûָʹǲܵġ
Ҫ˵һûб캣׶԰ʦ֪Ǵ˵еаۣţ
˾ʦҧԾҲ뽫˵ϵȫڳ
ͮͷ֪ˣ͸ֳ˵ȥ
ᾯ٣ҸһȥӼƺҪģ˺ʶȤĸͮ߳ſڡ
Ŀ뿪͵ĵүһˣ캣лôãȻûһ
Ȳ˵ˣɣ⼸Ҫʱ̶ûп⿿ңͼı졣ɫͻȻ
ȥܼǵĲɷãԭ
֮ǰѾ˼Ļֻ᲻ʱ䣬֣
ڵڰֻܾعȣĻıóѡ
֪ˣүɵͷӦټֵǻүң
Ȼɺͽ컪һѾ
λвڽһǵĴ˵
ֻҪһֵԸΪ
һֵ컪ϵһ£ҲЩ˹ҵĸĸѡ
ү˵ģҶȥ죬ǹ׶㡢ѷҪĻǾ߻𰸼Ļְɣڽ꣬Ҳɵһ¾Եζ
ǰеʱ򣬾ƹ
࿴ûй飬һ𣬾һа⵹Ĵı
ɿүһ㾪ޣɵȫǴ£֪ͶٱڼҲв˲˵档
ҳүͷԽԽʢӲ季ȫ磬ﵽ㣡
ʱҲһΣյʱ
һСģͺܱܿԣ´۷䣡
һҪӱСľУ
ɣ˵ĲҸղһֱ룬Ļ֣һϵоûйڣҵָоǿңһʢΣ΢Ҳ𽥱
͸ܹͫһиֵʵȴ͸ġ
նĶ
ү࣬϶׻ģϵֵǺͽ컪˵ţֻһ绰
ڣɺͽ컪ѾѣʡЩǣҲϵ
ƶʡĴǣΪĹϵ໥ύԺΪ
ҲʼϢӴϵ
ֻǻӢлѾﲻˡ
ĳ뾳ʡеȳм¼ϢֻͨΰʡĹЩٷС




1457¡ƽ
 

ΰ͹Ȼܲ鵽ּ¼ͨˡ
뾳캣еĻǲġ
ǵÿ֯άרŴʿĻ
뵽¶ģһ죬Ҫƾһ֮ı֯άֵظûӢлʵȨ
ӢԵлڼҴ
൱ڱ乬
ٷ֮ܿ󣬳ƶʡ㵺ԼǵȥѰǺĲɹ
һҵ̽Ǻȫɹ˵캣С
һҹɵĳصһűطϢ
ͬʱ֯עһ¶ǱߵĶ򣬿ڣԭһûгء
Ȼ֯˺ͼϾϵڶ孻һЩġ
ʱ孽ʥǰսǳʵ۷״̬ʱ
֯˺ܿظȻڴڣԭһĻûгء
ȵϢڶ죬ڼûκⷢ
ҽһƬ̣蹦̵£ƺûʶͯ׶԰¼صΣ
滶ףһűĳȴľˮ
״̬;ָòˡ
Խиε˼
˼⣬ʱ䣬Ļûг֣ڵȴʲô
ȥԼص׷飬Ļֿ϶ᱻȸˮ档
ʱҲı¶ʱ̡
ѵĻ־ôţ±
⣬ʱ벻𰸡
һͽӵΰĵ绰˵ѾϵͳȫλѲĻ֡
Զ̼ϵͳҹΪصưֶΣϵͳѾǳ죬Լصеÿһ䡣
һţܿ޴ڵͷЩͷǾϵͳҪɲ֡
һЩС͵СϵͳΡ
ǱӵﷸҲԶͷ
Ȼֻͨ˶ѡ
ǹϵSְҵɱ֣Ҫϵͳɵġ
Ȼ֪ϵͳܻǲ׽Ļֵ٣ϵͳþǲκһ˿ϸڡ
˵Ļϵͳ±¶أ
ΰͨ绰ʼæµ
ҳĻֺҪɹǺҲҪ
ĿǰյĻظɹǺѾǸҩڵչʱھ޷չõǺ
ȫ֮УǿĻʸ壬ҲûҵǺĲɹ
ǾǱߣҽԺĻѴһϢ
ҵһɹһɽҩϵˡ
ǸҩǺȲҩ̵Ҫٺܶࡣ
ֻ÷ԸѣȰѶҩȫǺɹ
ȻԼʼоûһҩܹǺ
ϾܰҩȫϣѹǺϣһٳ廼¼ǺӦ㣬Ҫܶˡ
캣ҽԺҲͳһĹǡ
֪Ǻǳϡܲɹ١
ҳһҩ
ϲϣôۣһȺҽѧרֻܸɿţʲôæҲﲻϡ
˾ܳûҪ󣬽ϻٿ飬ֵµҽѧרǳıߣܲܰҳһҩ
ҽԺ캣ҽԺҽѧרңҲв˹μӡ
ŵĻϰҽѧר۷׷ף۵Ȼ졣
վˮƽޣ˼Сʱû
ڻﲻⲽλҽѧרҵʱʱҡҡͷĳλרҵ顣
ͻȻ䣬һΪרңûкͱСۣԹԵֻ˸Ҳһ䡣
רҿȥʮ꣬Ǹף캣μӸִССҽѧ飬ûмˡ
λˣʲô֣Ϻ֮£߹ȥʵ
죬ٿĻﻹ˸ֻûһҽ֣߱
ĲãֻΪƽͣûбֳ
̧ͷǽϣţûֻԴ٬Цҽʲô𣿡
һ˵ڶҽѧרҵĿ⡣
ͽ˵ģǸˣһЩרҵеŹ֡
ϼûʶڣɫһ䣬ĵٿ飬Ϊ˼λҽѧרҵǻۣΪҽıߣﲻμֻֻۣǳס
Ǻǣϣ͵ĵˣҪҰӲҪһءһνӡ
ԣ¶֮ɫ㲻μӣǾȥɣ
УˣǩߣҲǿˣֱ˵ľܾ
ףԭƽģ
μ飬ǩһΣɢǩһΣ֤Լμ캣ˮƽҽѧ飬˵ȥӣ
ᣬȴܻ߶˻飬ýϲһ
ϹҽѧЭỪķ᳤ֻͨʲôϵ




1458¡ɿ
 

ԭʶҴ󲮰ͨ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ûġҽѧרҡϹҽѧЭỪķ᳤ֶֻͨӡ
ҽѧרҵţҲǿ󲮵Ĺϵƽġ
ҲΪʲôڳרǣЩŹ֡
ĵ׿ˣ˼ҵĴԺհ
ͨȻ겻캣߶ڹϵͷǱȽҪܶࡣ
˵ϣǾҽԺԺѣڹҲȲͨ
ֻͨƽʱչʲô顢֮ģڹھٰ죬Ҳ뻪ҽѧͨ˶ͨǺ˽⡣
ֻڳҽѧרǣ֪ͨ캣УҽѧûʲôˮƽǿͨЯġ
᳤ֶӣҲһֻȥϲͽȨ
֪ͨǰڻҽѧǳ磬ԴӵϹҽѧЭỪķ᳤ֻ󣬷뻪ҽѧСС캣УΪͨҽѧ
ϻͨйڽȴȫͨΪ顣
Ϊͨŷ᳤ֻţԻҽѧһ㹱׶ûС
ǰʢˣ϶Ҳ̲ͨܽйء
ٴЦϣ㶼ˣôôɵ£
ʲô˼ɫ
⻰̫ˡ
ʲô˼Ǻǡ
ɨȫгм
ϣٿôĻ飬ôҽѧרңоҩȫǸճµһȥ
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ȫڸ̳ҽֻش
ǲΪʲô
죡˲ʢŭ
˼ʵ̫ĿҲ̫ǳˡ
ΪҽߣǵһҪδƣΪ룿
ȻҽԷǳ׵ҽϡȱ֡
ţҽѾݴҽϵľ
ÿҽֻΪԼ룬ôϾûгҽΰҽ֣߳
ʱԽԽ̬ᣬ˭ȣ
ľɣĿҲ÷ǳԶ
ֹһλҽǰѳɵҽѧһ־š
δҽѧ׳ϣڳϡ
䲻ЩҽѧרҲأǶԳĲء
˼ҳҽԼںĸӲӦȴ˵úһУΪһ
ʵ̫ˣ
ڳҽѧרǷ׷ŭ⡣
Ƿǳ羴ݲκɳ
ϰٸҽѧרһЩˣԼеͬ˵
ҽܹ˽ס
һЩҽѧרңȻƽģҲϣԼܹιֲ¼ʷ
ΪΪǳԱ˳ŵģоҩ
ЩҽѧרңԽԽ˵е
ֻǽϺҽѧרǷǳŭҲұֳԼĵ뷨
ѵ˵д𣿡Ц
ǲóô˽Ϊɣ
ڵᣬĻвΪҽרңУһǸɵӣ
ˣǿŭֹ˽ҽҽӽǮػԶ󲻵ģ

ĴЦ
ϰϣ׻ʮˣ
˵ûҽĲ
ϼŵϯҽʦ
ְλнɣ˵ΪǮֱЦˣ
⻰˵һЩҽѧרҵֶˡ
⻹ֵġ
ûĻôũTVĸڻˣ
Ǹֱ˾ڹֵʮˣģϣûĸҽѧרҵĲֶΣôô޳ܣ
̸ҳȥ촽
ݣ˿̺޲øһơ
ڳҽѧרҲ׷ŭ
Ⲣһ˿⣬ŵЦݵҴ󲮽캣УԹֲ¼ʾػʱǻøȽҩβֲҷȰλҪ˷ʱ䣬оʲôҽҩͷȫ˳Ҵ󲮽ύľ͸ߣ
һ䣬ҡڵ߳ҡ
λ벻Ҫ֮ͽӰǼۡŬƽת߻Լϯλ
ԭΪҽѧרǣû˻ᱻĹ򶯡
֣߰˸ҽѧרһһۣƺڿʲô
ô˵еΪҽһΪϲõʵ
߰˸ҽѧרұ˵õͷȥԽԽĴ




1459¡
 

һҽѧרھƤվ˵ϣΪΪʳμӻģĸΪҲѳҽ˵öôУҶһֻ˼ұ¸ߣ׬Ķ࣬ãû£ֻѡһÿɽԽ϶ԲˣҴȥһ᳤
ҽѧר˵꣬վ߳ҡ
ţ洫Ц
һһҽѧרվýʧ
Увִѧ
ɿ£Ͷҡһҽġ
ʱˣԽԽˡ
ʹͬʱҲڸпǲԼˣʱˣ
ԽԽ׬Ǯ׬ǮȴԶ档
ΪһӬͷСЩҽѧרұ֮ͱ㱼һߣ˱ġ
ԼصѧҲվڵѪŵʵأΪʲô
ʦԲ𣬲Ҫҡ˵仰е߲֮ɫʧȡ֮ǲʺ;Ȼ
ϵλѧȥʮͷڳΪҽѧרҡ
캣ҽѧ綼ΪδǰصģرضǽϵĽӰˡ
νǰ;
Դӳճ֮û۰ˡ
캣ҽѧľ۹ƣȫ۽ڳһϡ
һйâİأһʼû٣ŬУڽԼһȺרǰֵøӳɫ
ǰؽ֣ȡöͻƣЩרڳһ䣬Ŭ
ϹĻҽ롣
ڰԭڴõȫա
캣ҽѧһĴλӣԶΪһ˿š
λӣֻҪ΢һ£㶼һ̸
ûˣǮҲûˡ
ԭڽϽ̵ؿİأڱ
ֻ̣ȥ̵ڣֱɹ280ͯ캣ڸ̣ٿоҩһ̣Ȼûб
ǡĲλᣬһۣΪǸҩͰĵ
һвԹȫˣ
ʦɫѧҲ캣ҽѧһڵרң
ԴӳҽֺſڱտĶǳҽ캣ҽѧѳҽĤݣڽʦ㶼ҵŬҵ뷨
ȻҽҽǱҸҲӦǮƣأȴΪʧȥӦõ
Ժ󲻹ʲôҽѧоǻڳҽĹ⻷£Զڸǣ޷ͷȥҲģ
Ҿ˵úܶԣΪΪʳǹŽ캣ҽѧǳҽģȥͶ᳤һᣬʦ㹦ͣʲôȱˣҪط֤Լ
Էй˵ⷬͻȻ泩ࡣ
˫ƽϣһ˲·ֲʮꡣ
󣬽˵أ߰ɣȫ߰ɡ
ϣ˼Ҽҷû꣬ȫָǣҲΣϣ⡭һרڨڨ˵꣬Ű߳ҡ
нѧͷԭе¸ҽѧרǣһӲͷƤȥ
գŵĻֻʣ²һˡ
ϣ̫ģ˵ͨСǻרңǹȥǱ߿϶˶õġһר߹ο
Ҫѧҽѧˣҽͽ޷û̺ðأͷߺöרңʱҽҪõǣֲȻʮֱߣϵһʱ俼ǵĻǰ
һֱͯ׶԰صĹֲ¼ôˣȷʵشӰ졣
ͨǱߣϿɲΪ᳤Ĺػֲ¼ģֵµרЭ
磬˭֪ͨ캣УҪıȡʲô档
⣬ǻ֪ͨһ³ҽɣ
ԣҵȸҽ˵һͳֻȥһ绰
֪󣬳οϣҽѧרǵı귽棬ҿǲˣרǷſģֻҪԸЭң;Ի⡣
ҽξ280ͯһ֮ɵģ˼ҪͣҪ־͹ҸרǵĴáϵ
ʵҽԺĴ캣õģŵȫģҲҽԺ
ұλ飬ѾʵûгͣƾԸμӣûǿÿרұ뵽
ֻǽûǵרҶƽϳͣҲϲȻôרңԳܴ
ֻЩרƽʱ̫һɿȫ¶뷨
ϻһǲò̾Ѳ⡣




1460¡Ӳ
 

Ȼֻڵ绰ܸ̾ܵλΪ캣ҽѧ๱׵רң˿жôġ
ǳжûҪ£ٿоҩ
ͬʱҲǳŭιֲӲĲһʲôϹҽѧЭỪķ᳤ֻ
粻֣֣280֮ͯ캣Уչֹػ֮ģֻĸݣʼ塣
΢绰ϣ֪ںܲ⣬ⷽ㲻̫ǣһʡᡢ㵺оǱߵҽѧרҹЭ׽׮ֲ
ͨǱߣԼȥɣǵͷҹʲôķ᳤ֻոɲ󣡡
ǳǿӲҲϳһŶ衣
֪ʡҽѧоԺйϵ㵺ҽѧ硢ҽԺ
ҾҽԺԺҽѧ̩ɽѣǳĵӣ
ԼݵλԶԶȲͨǻѾܺͨ
ֻڹںܳͨĹʵλߡ
Ժ캣ЭĻҲͲͨǱˡ
뵽ڴʵҽʻԺҲ𣿡
ܲڳʱ䡣ûиȷеĴ𸴡
Ϊ֪ƽʱǳæҪҽԺҪ໼֢Ĳˡ
ǾͿҽˣҲȥϵһЩѣܹܲ캣СϵĻһ˿
֪Լܰﵽĵطࡣ
õģлл㣬ϣǵʱϵ
պͽͨ绰ͮĵ绰ʹ˽
ţʲôˣ
ǸʦպһݲӴʱ׶԰һŮʦ˽ӴһĻ˵ʲôͮ˵ţ˶ֵŮʦǸݲİСͺʵʳ࣬ɻױݹ
ŶѵǵСֵǸӰһİС뵽һ㡣
Ҳ룬ǻֱȷǾֻܰŮʦŲ飬Ľչܲôֹۡ
ͮ˼ԣƾŮʦĿҪҵǸСˣûʲôܡ
һǸС˺ֻܿһףҲпѾ뿪캣ˡ
ʦҧԾ޶֤ûʲô
ǻǴڱ״ֻ̬ܵٴη
ϣǾϵͳջɡͮҲǲ̫ϣ˵ˣ֪ϹҽѧЭỪķ᳤ֻͨ캣𣿡
֪ͨôˣ˳ͮĻʵ
ͨһЩֻҽѧרҹ˵ҪǾ飬´γܺ߻ͨϣǳܺߡͮ˵е㲻ˬ
һЦһλ÷᳤ֻר캣Эưǰôû᳤ƶʡչֹػ
ϴεʮһֽҩ¼ɱιֲ¼ضˣ漰ǧߵ彡ȫ
ʱ֪ϹҽѧЭȻڻ˷ֻᣬ᳤ֻ֪˭
ͨҲûйƶʡġ
ҩ¼û֣ιֲ¼ͨȴԵʮȤ
ߣͨǼһҿͲЭưβģͮڲ޵˵ͨǾֳʱҲڳʱ֪ͨ˵ʲô𣿡
˵ҽЩͯβﲻЧЭҽٴƣԺּܺ߷Ҳȥơ
ΪϹҽѧЭѾֲ¼Ϊһҽѧ⣬ϸЭƶͨ˼ҪǾҪǾǣ
ǿǿҽѧҲûǾûķ᳤ֻͷжţƵģ
ͨٴҲҪʵ˵ҿ˻ᣬҽѹҽܿϧΪЭֲֹ޲ߡŶ
ԼʱоǺҩ
ͨЭǰҽ͸˵ˡ
ҩһϲͨҲζŶԹֲ޴֡
ˣͨҪͽϹȥͮ
һЦҺͽʲôǵҽţͨûմ
ò¶֪ͨͽϣ϶ΪǶλ캣ҽĴǿ
ãҲûҪȥͨǼһͮҲó͸Ӳ
ͮͨ绰û뵽绰ִˡ
ͨ󣬵绰ﴫ۽ҽˣ˴ܼܴˣ˺üˣرܵıڶǶ֣ܹܲȥȾܣ




1461¡ֱֳ
 

̹ȥҵַңüͷһ壬ĸһʡ
ô޶˶˵Ļᱻ˴أ
ҶԷֻر
ޱȵ͵ԸʲôʱЩ֣
ϸ룬߳ſźڰʿܣ۱ĵַȥ
ӵסլ͸ͫһɨסլӡۻмڣûڡ
ҽôˣ֣һ졣
ϸףѪȻ˺ݺ˰ƣСɫʹ࣬ûٰᡣ
֮⣬Ҳñס
绰ң˵㱻ִˣҹ߹ȥһ˵һ߸Ӷһ
һӵʹ΢һЩҽҽͨллƣӸоöˣЩͽ˸˻һǺˡӱܲܣ
ǺЩʲôˣԣüͷ
ԭЩֲǳǳǺġ
֮Ҳǳҽġ
ӵЩɬЩͽ˵ϹҽѧЭỪķ᳤ֻͨѣ׹ˣ˵᳤ϣҷҽЭᣬҾܾˣԡ
ԭˡû뵽ͨȻţҴˣﵱһɻǸĵ˼㣬ȥǺֻع
˵ţҪȥ
ҽȵȣ
æס
תͷʵûд󰭣һٸˡ
Ҳ˼ӿЦͨȨƺܴ󣬲вڹϵĻȨҲǳ󣬶һ׹˵ѣ˵׹棬ĸ֣Ƕǵġ
˵һԵҲ¶֮ɫ
УԼϰ岻ҵҽȻ书󲿷ҽѧ磬ԶԶܺͨıȡ
ߵʵ̫ˣôù
Ӻ۵ɫ֪ʲô뷨
ȴһ˿Ц⣺νǿȨƨǣİɣҲֻع̹ͨ캣У
֯ܲߣάֳܾ¦⣬֮ԣ粽á
һͨʲô
ۼ߳ţһֻֽеҽǧСİ

߳ӵסլ󣬳óֻ׼ͮ绰û뵽ͮȴˡ
ֶͨһȺҽѧרֱֳ˵Ҫ캣ǿǺΣյһ֪Ǻǿȥֹǰɣ
ǺǴӼߵģͨ׹˵ˣӡ
ʲôͨΪû᳤Ȼ飿ͮһҲȥӼʵȻͨ
ţ¾ͽǾ죬ֱֳĵַ
ַ֪ͮźڰʿٶȸϹȥ
캣㳡һֱֳ̨Ѿ
ֳߣǧ캣280ͯļҳҲ˲١
̨ڶ۹ƺӰ̨ϵǳ⣬ϵĵ֮ɫȫβס
վŽϵĵӰأʮͶҽѧרҡ
۵˷֮ɫԽǳڴ
̨ϵ࣬վż˸󡢼⽡˶İ˴󺺡
⼸˴󺺣ͨ׹˵ѡ
ȷе˵ͨѵ¡
λѡѣȰһ£ʱˣ߾˫֡
ܿ죬ֳͣЪˡ
ӰʦǷ׷װѾͷ׼
Һãҽһ£ϹҽѧЭỪķ᳤ֶֻͨͬʱҲ캣ҽѧһĴɸλۿǵֳ٣¶ҽٺΣ
洺˵꣬ҽѧרǷ׷׹ơ
̨µϡϡ䣬Ƚϲӡ
Ͼ캣ĿУ캣ҽѧһĴ
ͻȻðȻǳû֤Լҽѧˮƽǰ˭Ͽ
캣ɲɵӡ
ǳͨŵͷЩͼ߾ܹ㳡ۿֱֳ
Ȼ᳤ֶӣҽѧˮƽ϶ͣҪ˵캣ҽѧһĴǻǳҽɣ̨ǰһɵ
ϵֳ棬мһЦҽһҽ֮ΪԼĲƭӰˣ




1462¡Ǻĺ֢
 

˵ǹҽƭӣֳһƬȻ
ڮٳҽ
ҽҽĿãôƭӣ
ǣҺӵĲǳҽκõģǸʲôЭᣬΪʲô
ֳȺӿǷǳǵķӦҲԤ֮ڡ
λҪ˵꣡˵ͬʱ˫ѹʾྲ
ǳ˺һͣ
˵ҽƭӣɲƾ֤ݵġ
ϸŵЦݣɨȫ
λѺǹֱֳķʽ¶αѧҽβƭ֣
캣ҽѧſΪҽ󣡡
һϡﻩ󣬰شվ̨µĹʺá
Һãҽаأֳв˵ҵ֣ûҾҽԺԺɫѧʮһ꣬õҽѧʿѧλöҽѧҵҽѧˮƽ
һⷬ˱Ƚŷˡ
ȻʱصķͷȫǹϾǽѧ캣ﻹͦġ
ֳЩȥҽԺʱؿ
ҽûǴĻ绹ȥμ˽ٿҽѧ飬ҽоҩɣôڷҪ֤ҽƭӣ̨һ߷ǳʵ
һʣ߷׷װѻͲصķ죬ʵҲǴͬС⡣
Щƽʱرע캣ҽѧ磬ֲ¼Ӱ̫ˣרŲɷùϣ֪ٿҽѧ顣
Ϊϵѧؿ϶ȥμӡ
ѾܸɵļŪ
ǵʣһʱɫЩΡ
ҽѧԶǿӦԼ߷Զ
ǰֻܰĿŵϡ
Цȴƽ͵΢ЦǣԺ˼븯࣬оҽҩǳҽƭӵ棡ڰغͽԺϵͶѡЭᣬδضһƬ
ҽǷЩˣĻش𣬼ᵽԵϢ
Ǹоغͽϵ϶ûô򵥣пھĶ̫ˡ
رôһʣһΡ
ٴοȴǲ׼شˡ
󣬰ֻҧҧڵҵʦȻûпңԴӳһķаͽҲûаҵιֲ¼רҰţͷʲôóˣʲôҲûõҾ뿪ҵʦӽԺ޹ϵ
Ƿ׷¶Ȼı顣
˵ףⰡ
ǻʱֵˣֱֳҪΪ֤ǺΣҽʼɣ
˵껰󼸸ԱһǺ̧ڳ̨¹ڿĽǶȡ
⼸Ǻ캣кܳҶ˵ǲ񻨣ӳҩҩӱΰٲҩǮ˷׷󹺣ֻû·
ȻŪôһǺ˷ǳ档
뵽ֶͨӣŪôǺҲͲˡ
һǺɫҿˣҩֶҩĵĶԣҩĸûҪö࣡
ΪҩĸãѾȽѧҽֶν͵޺ĳ̶ȡ
ҩĵĶԣôûĸҽȫ
Ϊʲô磬ҽչԽԽãҽȴɨʷĳˮ
̨ⷬƵƵͷ
Ϊ˵ȷʵеʵ
ҲɣȻҩĵĶ޷ΪʲôҽǺҩ280ͯãûгʲôأ
ҽҪ֤һ㣬κ280ͯ캣еĸ̣ȴû˵ǺԵĺ֢һ֣ص˵ⶼͨڵ绰ｻΥĻ
Ȼ̨µļǺǣˡ
Ǽ仩Ȼ֮
Щͯļҳǣ˲ɫ
ҽǺЩ֢鷳˵һ㣡һҳʵ
µļ˵ǺĶԣܹСԲήӰչȻһڵḶ́޷ֳ֤
Ȼ˵޷ֳ֤͵ӻǰļҳǣǱŵһֱ³
ҪԼĺԺ̱컹粻óҽΣúӽˣ
ҳ磬ȴһֳνҴҽƭӵġ
ҽǺԲĺ֢Щֳ֤ģһ׳⡣




1463¡򵹳ƭ
 

ܼ򵥣֤ǿ
˵ţùԱһǺݵ
ţһԱһ䣬װһֻС
λˣժǺһƬҶӣ档
СܵҶǰ£ȻҶҧУ׽ȥ
̨ɴ۾ĿתĶСķӦ
ǸСһдõӻǰĹڶܿһ
ڹǵķӦǳ⣬֪飬ĸˬ
ܿ죬ʮȥˣһλߺʵҽСûʲôⰡ
𼱣һӺ󿴿Ҳһгɫ
ӼЩǺѾ⡰ӹˡ
СȥûŹ֣
ҰΪķԸӹǺҲǾһԵģֻǳȥʱûôԣҪſóԡ
Ϊ˼ӾֱֳЧñаҽѧרǣǺмӹ
ڴ֮£һڹȥ
ֻСͻȻ֮䣬ʼ΢鴤СС͸ɫҺ壬ͬһ㡣
СӦͨ˶ܿó϶жˣ
ֳǻһƬ
Ƿ·´½һ㣬ֳ̰ĵһϢ༭Լ硣
ֳǵӻǰ280ͯҳСжһĻӾˡ
лиŮЩʹȥñԱߵ˷ס
ողСֳŵÿ
ҽô찡ҪҶֻСһҲˣŮ۵һҲˡ
ĿѾﵽº͵İλˣ㲻õģֻҪЭרҼʱƣĺӡ279ͯ¡
ģ̨µĸŮ˲ᣬȲ˵ǾȸҶưɣ
ҽѧרʹ˸ɫרΪֺ̨ȥǸŮĺӱ
λҳǷģǵרҶǾϹҽѧЭ֤ģԱȳҽƭӰȫö࣡Ѿ䱸ýⶾ룬ֻҪǵĺӴһûˡͷ΢Цļ
ȻҽѧרұǸֳ롣
һĻĲһ˿УܿͱӲĨȥ
ʵǸûмǸӵûк֢ӴҲֻͨԤ룬һжͨúõƭ֡
ҽѧרңֻͨӰˡ
ţԼֻʱģֻҪͨ⵹ٶĻᡣ
Ҳ죡
¶ĺ󣬰ذռƻվߵĿߵΪһ˽жҩ޹׶ãֱԡɥ죬һҪҽƭӵĿҴƭ񡢻ˣ򵹳ƭӣ𣡡
һ仰ؼǴӺģҲڽ˷й˽ߡ
صݣǲɹĶϷʵЦ⡣
߾ȭ򵹳ƭӣ𣡡
غôһ̨ʮиһȭ򵹳ƭӣ𣡡
ֳĹۼСǺ֮󣬳ָжӦ
ȻֱĶͯȾͬġ
ɰغһѻÿ˵ʮּʧȥǡ
ǣֳԽԽˣʮһ
򵹳ƭӣ𣡡
ǧһ𣬳滹Ǻ׳۵ġ
ӻǰĹǣȾˡ
ԭЩڣԸųҽҽƭӡ
ǵģȴðһɳʺš
ϾۼΪʵҽ˵Ǻԣȷʵ١
ֳȭ˻ǣԼһ沢ȥļǣڿЦ󲮵ļƻչʵ̫˳ˣ
ȹںòʱʾ˰һ¡
ÿ˶˳ӵİ
ָһǺװŭ˵ЩǺǺòײŴӳĹģǵĹԱĹӴˣǿ
ˡĹԱߵ̨ǰ¶ʹ࣬ȴִһɼ㲻ʡ
û뵽ҽȻˣ̨µǣԱԶԳеʧġ
ޣҽӶǰѳƭӹˣ
Ҳǣһ浱ƭҽ·֪֪治֪ģ
Ҳ¶ź֮ɫʵһҽѧ츳ˣϧ·᳤˵ֻҪлԸһᣬھͿıˡ
᳤Ǻ˰
ƭˣôܸ᣿ҿӦðץ
Ǿǣ㺦280ͯ˵װ෿ȥǹж֣
Ⱥӿ׷ʹɥ캣жԳ蹦̵µȣԵΪ̡
ЦһڵˣδãӦý캣о죬ȰЩǺյñȥˡ
յյһȭŭ
ùԱ𣬽һǺյһɶ
ֳĹǿǺʧһУȫ¶ĵɫ
أλרҸ279ͯĽⶾ
δ˵꣬ͻȻԶһһŮ
Ǹ߹ӣ֮ɫ̲סѿڶˣ




1464¡
 

ã
Ȼ֪һϵбҲ֪书ܸߣ֣ȴûһ˿ңϲ
Ͳóֳ
ǡǧҲȫֳĵ׷תͷȥ
񡭡ƭˣ
ƭӣȻ
ƭӣ㺦ҶӣҸƴˣ
ǸӱֳĸŮ֣ʱҧгݵܵǰ˫ץȥ
ȴס
˿̵ĳ䣬Ͽκ
ǸŮסԭأٶԳ֡
Ȼ̨ͮȥ
Ҳӳˡ
ҲûбҪͷ캣оϹҽѧЭᣬ϶Ʋҽƭӵġ
ҽǾ̨ƤЦⲻЦĿڵ
˭ó䡰ҽûа־֮⣬ǳ˷̡
ûпҲûпػһҽѧרңǿ䱻ճɻҽǺ
һ룬˫ڵһŭ
·ϵʱֱֻͮۿصȫ̱ݡ
ˣʱѾŭ˼㡣
ֻǿɺޣûüֹյǺ
ЩǺζ
յˣ
ܲʹ
Ŀ⣬ϣֻһ뷨
Ҫ˵ϻֱ۾ˣ
ܵɱװµȥҽ֪书ѵǽҴʵĿҶ֣
仰˵꣬ˡĹԱװģĻԡ
ظǴƭӣݵˣ
һĻ̨µٴα
ƭӣҽƭҴҴǲǣ
˺ûվҴǻڹ
ɨһȫͻȻʮֿЦ
죬Щ񻹶蹦̵£280ͯļҳл
죬ЩáһͯĸףҪִ
ģʵڱ仯̫ˣ
ǳľʹ費ĵز
ǧָá˵ʹ
ֻҪͨⲮֶ㶨һⶼӭж⡣
ϢԽԽ䣬ƺҪֵӣͮæСѵҲȫֱôڳǲܶ֡
ȻͮĻе޷Ƴеŭ
ȥӶ׼ļʮӰ
еˣҿ쿴ƭҪˣ¶ªĿˣ
һߴ󺰴Уһ׹˵ĸֹ
ƭӣסֹ̨֣ûһ˸̨ȥ赲
ۼҪߵǰٴνеᾯ٣ˣǾ׹ܲܵģ
ôһ˵ͮĺܲ룬Ҳò߹ȥסĸ첲
ҪóִˣΪȴһ߿ţôӰȥĻ캣оҪһǧˣ
ԲӣҲǾֳһӰɣͮ
ͮ仰ŭ
Ҳ֪ԼѡֶαȽϼ򵥴ֱһ֣ܻܿʧ̬񻯣Ӳ
뵽һ㣬תֳڣĿƽ˵λѣҳҽĿã̸ƭǻҽѾǧ꣬ѵǧƭ˵ϣҲҪС˹ƻʧȥǣҲϣܹҽǻĴǧĹ屦ʲôƭ
ҽ˵úðˣĹƣ޼ɵķҽƭҽȴܰѹƭתεǺβ¼֤
ԭһȷʵò侲
Ǿôһ˵ֶ뵽ǺԵ⡣
˵ĶԣǺжǴģ
ֻСǺһƬҶӣͳָжӦƭӣôͣ
ǣ鷳һͣҪȻ㻰˵ٺҲˣ
ЩԴǣЦʱ۾飬һġ
֤Ǻжʵ飬ֻͨۿֱһ涼ûд
ʵ̣ǳ򵥴ֱȴΪغƻԵĻùۿֱĹһ㡣
ʵֻҪ΢е˼άˣܿóصʵ©ٳ
ƺ˵ʲôʵҾ㣬Ǻвҩǲ̺ԣ
ûҩֶҩҩӲʮ̹Ȼĳϡ




1465¡ǹս
 

ⲻ͵ˣ
ðʵ̫ˣֱָؼһ㣬ǾǺж
ǳԼϵģǺ̺أ280ͯβʱûаһ˵280ͯļҳ֪ȨûУԼҺӵİȫ޷֤ƽʱЩȥҽԺزĲˣҲҪǵļǩͬ飬ҽܶأ
ⷬ˵ĿȥˣֳǷ׷׵ͷʾͬ
ڼҳǲ֪£ǵĺӷǺһϽȫûҽ£
Ǽ䣬һƬ
ּͮʵ̫ˡ
һʱ䣬벻ΰ
ȴһĵֳǷйһ΢󣬲ŲĿڵλǴСȥ棬СͻزҽȣѵҲҪǩͬ飬ҽܸС280ͯ廼Ϲֲǵǵļҳǩͬ飬ٸͯƣʱʱ䣬¶ͯ˭𣿡
⡭ֳ񱻳һ仰סˡ
ȷʵǳΣϴ캣еҽѧרŶӣԹֲ޲ߡ
ǳƴȫгʮһСʱʩȣҳֻܰ׷ͺڷˣ
ﻹʱȼҳǩ280ͬ飿
˹ۿֱţûʹҳǵֱӸͯʹǺҲпԭ
̨µ˼е㼱ˣǧЩ˻ָǣ
˵ͬ飬ֻǾһӶѣ
Ҫ˵ǣûüҳǻ֪Ȩѵ֮ǰҳ˵һ䣬Ǻ̺ԣ˷ʱ𣿡
仰ǵ˼תˡ
ǰǩͬ˷ʱ⣬ǳ֪һǺжû⡣
֮ܳǰҽôڲ֪Ȩһϣûҽְ
Դˣνͣͱˡ
Ȼʲôý͵ģʱһľˣ￼ôࣿ
ҿ㿼ǵ̫ˣûнǺ̺¸߼ҳǰɣ
ĻӦ»Цһת̨µǡ
ΪԸλѵǻۣóΪʲô
Ϊʱǵģ϶Լ棡
룬Ǻһ㣬ϳɹ280ͯǲǻùһ̣ҲԼﵽһ¸߶ȣԺԴĲǿɷˣ˵ǲǣ
ôһ˵ˣ췢ļ裬˵ҪǺļѾﵽԭǳƭӵֶΣòҪ̨һߵ
һ˵ȫ¶γѵɫȻʼΪԼļڲѡ
ϵɫʮֵ⡣
ЩתûͦģȻ޴
ǵ޴˵ǳ
ƭӣļǮǣ
̨Ⱥӿм׳̨
ˣһ߰ȺһùԱֹ̨ӡ
ͮڿȥˣ˵λļǾģǻǳ˽һǮȫɹǺϣǲҪһƫˣ侲һ£
ޣ캣еһ˵ùûʣʵǳƭӵİף
ǲ˽̣ǺǺôҪƭӼ𣿡
ҿǾԺͳƭӹһˣƭƺˣֲһֱƲ˰˵ֲ¼ǾͳƭԵݵƭ֣
Щ̨¼˵ġ
ЩĴָ
˵̫ˣ
°캣оҲһˮ
ʱ򿴿Ǹΰ֮ܲǰǿӲų
Ҫͨ
ͮЩڮǾͳĻЩը
뷴ǧѾеɿԻȫ쳣Ĵ
̨ĭɵǣľˮ
ѾץסĹؼ㣬ǾǺĶԡ
Ϊֳʵ飬ǶǺжҩһŲɡ
ԲŻáŻǷļɹǺеʮַŭ
ֻҪ֤Ǻԣѱˡ
ûУȻһȣסȫ
һţ˵ͨˣǸ˴󺺣סˡ
Ǽ䣬ȫѻȸ
ΪʲôǴӲһ£ʵǺû⣿
Ц㿴ǣÿ˵һ仰ǡ
ûǺȷʵ̺һԣһֻСжӦЩǺһֽţ




1466¡ʵ
 

˵˵
Ͻ̨¹˵ұųƭ˵Ļ
ǺʵģҲۿˣƭӿտƾûʵ֧ţӦ˭ŴҶԼжϣҲվ˵
ʵı顣
Ϊָؼһ㣬ǾǺֽţ
ô飬ΪղѾյȫǺ
û취
ҽ˵ûҪô֤ǺֽţǱжٴζԳʡ
ճɻҽǺȷʵ޷Щҽ֤ʲô
ֻС󣬿ǻڰ
ֳĿŵСϣֹѾӹԱʧת۾͵˳ϡ
ʲôƻ֤𣿡־ŭĴе
ʲôֻǸ֤һ£СжӦԴǺ˵ţ򿪲ӡ
ԣһЩͯƺ״ֻ̬С󼸺һģһҲͷ˯ڽѣֳļҳͿ֤
һ׷ֳļʮͯҳȥ
ֻǵĺȷʵ˯״̬ʱʱˮͰ˵ĺ
һʵǰ㻹ƱʲôسûԼҽѧˮƽģҲұȲ㣬Ǳҽҩ֪ʶһҽѧרҵǵҽôұȣǺĶԣұö࣡
Ŷ𣿡ǹһ˿Ц
ԽԽоϽԼ˴ʹһɫ
⼸׹˵ĸ֣첽ߵǰҪѲ
ڳУ⼸νĶ֣ǼֻСӰˡ
ǵƸմϣͱ˳ȥȫ飬á
ʮľ
书Ȼ鴫
ôλԳ֣Ʒ˳
ҿ쿴ƭӲҪ֤ݣˣɿóѹС
̨µĹףҲֻǴƤӶѣû˸ֹ
ҲûĻ£ȡһСȥ
һС³һ̲ɫҺ塣
˲ĵɴ۾̲Һ壬ȫ֪ʲô
ǰغʮҽѧרҵɫȫˡ
ΪרҵʿǵȻ֪ɫҺʲô
ջ룬һ˿Ϸ˵Һ壬ǲǺϤû캣ߺܳҩֻҪҩȥͻֻɫҺ塣
˵ֻСθҺʲôҩصļŭͳĵγԱȡ
£ڷֲԾˡ
ǶԵģΪʲôҪô
Ȼǻ˾;óƭӡ
˵Ҳǳһƭ˼
λһ£ʵǣǺͿҩŻСжӦǰһ٣ʾܼ顣
һʱų̂
ʱһСֱֳ
ˣѸ̨
һȻӡۻӹ˾ļԱ
һԱһͳһģһĲ䣬ͬװһֻС
һԱһҩƿӡ
ҽ̨֤ǿˣҲ֪ô¡
ͮ˵ͬʱλ캣нܳҵ֤߾͸˵ˡ
ֻ˵λҪ˵һʵղյǺǴҼߵģϵˣԱ⼸ɣ

ֳһƬ
ѵࣿ
ҲҪӣֻǳƭӵһȣΪıƣʲô˵û뵽Ӹֳ̬չԽԽƿˡ
ҲͨļƻԽԽƫ롣
аҽʮרֳʵ֤Ҵ˴ֱҴ󲮣ϹҽѧЭỪķ᳤ֻͨģҲȨҪһҽƭ𣿡
Ļһʱ䶼֪˭źá
ʮ侲ĵʵ֤һУλ뿴캣ҩھֻС¡
˵ţԱιСҩ
ֻӴСҩ󣬳ֵķӦȻԭֻСһģһ
һ³ͬɫҺ壡
ҿǺɵЧôɺҩһģһɣѲ佻ԱȻԱһùڸԱȡ
£̨ϸ飬ܿóҺȫһģ
صɫ˲ѿ򳹵׳۵ӹ֮ɫ




1467¡ƿ
 

֤ʲôɫӲĿڵСж֮³θҺǻɫģͨ˱Ϳʲô𣡡
Ŷ˼ˣ΢ʵ
رʵһ㵡
飬͸ˡ
Ҳ޴ӽƱ硣
ˣͻȻһӣ֮ǰͳϹǺ;жԣѵ㻹Ĩʵɣ
ǺǣǺжԣҸͯǷҩֲֻǳǺһ֣ǺΪҩкԵҩģԣ280ͯҩ֮ȥһ죬״̬Ȼǳ
Խ߳ŭԽƽ͡
ùۿֱĹǿ˭ŷ
ȻԽԽסˣɫǺŹȥһ죬ܿóʲôҽЭרҶ˵ˣǺк֢ܶڶô֪Щֽܼͯ
仰ԭҡڵǣƫһߡ
ȷʵк̺ܶԵҩڿ֢
ǲҲҪŰصҽѧרң᳤
˼᳤ܲƭ˰ɣ
ͨУȻҽͨͷɱȳˡ
ĻڳȴǺƨͨ
ҽҩЦҡͷмǺȻܹҩȻҽϸ飬ֻҩʱҪҩŶô򵥵ĵ㶼ƻȺڣҿ㻹ǹȥ࿴ҽɣ
㣡СǸ᳤ֻ󲮵£˶ҽѧ츳ߣǰ;
˵ҽѧ֪ʶУ
һǱһļһѵ
һһʱ仹޷Ӧ
ǰضסˣ֪ΰش
̨¹һûʲôīˮ
ͳѧۣȻ˵ƿԡ
Ҳ˵Ļеֵŷ
ȻûдǺԵǣҲٶ϶ҽƭӡ
ҡּŭ벻λӦ
ʱڴֻ
óһ۵ӹһ˿ϲ
ͨĵ绰
󲮣ʲô£⽫Ϊͨ绰ˣ
һȫ˷֪ͨ绰˵Щʲô
ʱ캣ĳƵͨͨӹۿֱ
ͨʮͷͷЩϡ裬Ȼ֣ȴŷǳԵơƶǡ
˵ʱ򣬴Ͼ޵İֺ֮ҡѳʢƵҡ
õģ󲮣
ͨҶϵ绰ǲɸһ˿Цݡ
ԳôǶ
Ҵ󲮡Ҳ᳤ȥʢƵ
仰ȫ۷׷ס
᳤ҪԳֽˣ
ǵȻϣһԲĽ
ھͿߵ̬ôˡ
ܵڴĿ⣬ȴǿ˵ͨʲôȥȥ
˻һЦ˲ʧˡ
Ҵ󲮳ĳ̸ȴҴ󲮣˵ˣҸ飡
ֳûɿ
ǣ̨µĹһһķԡ
ҽ᳤һֲ¼϶Ǻ£Ϊʲô㲻ȥأ
ѵҽղ˵ĻֻƭǵģǺĶԣò
ҿ᳤ܿˮƽһ£֪ҽҩвˣ
ĿĻӦҲȥΪҲͨ˴򽻵ΪʲôȥͨϹҽѧЭỪķ᳤ֻǰעǻҽѧ磬ȴ캣жԹֲ¼ʾػ
סڣС֮ģҴ󲮾֮ŭҾһ䣬㵽׸Ҳȥ
ɣͨң᳤ֻλӣɾˡȻתҲ֮һ䡣
վڳΧˣ̲ס˸
ĲԼͬĸһ뷨ǾǳҽҪˣ
ЦвҴǰɣҸ㣬㲻ȥҲȥߣ
һ䣬˴߹Ҫסĸ첲ǿдȥͨ
ƺˣղ⼸׹֣Ǳ˳ȥ
ôǳĶ֣
һ˴󺺵ưʱһ룬һ
˴ֹǱϣʱʹ
ͬ鱻ˣ˴󺺷׷ȭȥ
߳žʰˡ
ȫڵϣ˴ʹС
ǿƭ¶ˣְǵ˴ˣŵĴУʵֿ˻
⼸˴󺺣׹ﶼǲļ𣬱˾ʹˡ
ҪǣǶǳִ˵ģ




1468¡ô
 

̨µĹڣ˴ͻȻʹγֵĶ֪
ôߣȷʵˣ
ҽлú˵Ӧú᳤úֲŶԣôܴأ
ǰֻȥ᳤㲻ȥҲûҪִ˰ɣ
Щָ𣬳һɫ仯ûС
˵Ķ˵ˣ֤Ҳȫ֤ˡ
ӹʵ
ѡʲô˵ģ
ˣ˵κηϻ˵ȥӦҲֻк
û˵
˴׼ץȥͨʱͲ֣⼸ֹˣʧȥսٰ¡
ţĿȻ
رͮȰסͮҲϣݺݽѵ
ղһʵ̫ˣ
ҵ׹ѣѾڻңȻͦӲȴ
صҽѧרҸ̨һ֪Ҫˣ
Ǳô˿ţǺ޲̨ȥ·ӡ
Ͼڳ书Ĵ˵书ɱҽֲˣ
׹˵ĸֶˣҪǱһ£ǷУ
ģˣΣûһվԽԽ־ŭ
ɱˣȫֱ캣еڿ㣬ҪҴңҴεѹס־壬ݺݵв
аһЦŶ𣿡
Ȼ֣Ͳںʲôȫֱ
ھȫֱãͨúÿţĴʲô
תͷʮ̨׼дӰЦ֪ͨڿֱȸֶһѵʶĻӦ֪ô
СӣʢƵͨ仰ðϵ·̺ˤϡ
վзԱиˣ᳤϶ٳ鶪ϵ̣͵͵ȥ顣
ţͨߵĺװҴΰĵ绰
ǣǺװͷӦȻװڶȡһֻ
ͬʱߵǰ˵ľ벻ס
ҴңǷģҴ󲮵ܰ㡱
ž
δ˵꣬һƺݺݵϡ
˲䣬;ˣѪӡոֳ
Ϊҽߣҽ£ƭȺڣô򣡡
˵һĶ
ž
һƣȻա
ƣͱúȫһˡ
סĻ趼ϲԼĶӡ
Ϊˣҽ棬ô򣡡
ž
ƴȥʹͬʱоͷĿѣǰһƬǣҪεڵء
̨µĹǿǲԾĳ鴤һ£·ܹܵһƴȥжʹ
صҽѧרԭأҲ̫ݡ̫ˣ
Ȼ᳤ıֶӴ
᳤ڵӻǰأ
ֻͮĴ񫣬ǿԼݣϼơ
ͨ˿ȷʵŭ쳣ֶֻ΢΢
绰֮ͨŭĺʵΰǸҽЩʲô
Ŷ᳤ءΰĻӦ
ڲڹۿֱֳһ𿴡
ҳÿһƣǾͽһá
ҽɹǵȻôģ
ֻľٶûΥͨ⣬֮ǰǾһֱó֡
֣˳ΰ⡣
ͨһ䣬ֻԶ㣬˵ҽúã
̫ˣ򣡴Ѿģơ·ƽڸź
һߵͨüͷΰղ˵ʲôʲôúã㵽ʲô˼
Ŷûʲô᳤ˣ᳤֪绰ңʲô𣿡ΰǷǳ⵭
ͨûֱţΰ㻹˼ʲô£ҵֶӱ˵ŹǾɿţϽСӣ
᳤𼱣Ѿˣڸȥֳ·ءΰ˵ţöƸȼһ֧ܽ
ΰڷңͨˣ캣о־ֳûϹҽѧЭỪķ᳤ֻðΰ浱᳤ֻٵǲǣҸ㣬ӳΪ򼸸绰ժͷϵɴñ




1469¡ì
 

᳤ĸҷ㰡ĳˣʱעֱұ֤ڣҵܸϵֳΰɫ
Ȼܲϲͨò˵˼ҵȷʵС
ߣֶӶôˣ㻹Ҫӣµ˵ֶӶˣͨŵ绰ƢԽԽ
ΰüֻͲЩƽĵ᳤Ѿˣ㲻׹˵ĸΣգѳ֡
ڳıΰ˽òࡣ
Ƕڳ书ΰһٸģԸʲô׹־û⡣
飬ͨԱ
ͨҲǴһΰҼʣֳǾˣΪʲôǸֹıΪ
ΰһʱ仹汻ͨסˡ
֪ͨ˵ͮ
ʵֳˣҲֹͮ
ͮһװ
ΰһǸĵ᳤˼Ǹͮˣж㣬˵һŮӣôֹ˳أ˵Բԣ
ΰ㣡ͨòð̡
Ϊΰ̫ˡ
þֳȻ֪ԼŮ£
ֱٵòټ١
ӻﴫһһֶӵĲҽУͨǷŭʹ˼㡣
Ϊɲֶô򵥡
ΰ㲻һҾ͡
ͨΰ²ΰȴװӣιι᳤˵ʲôźŲ̫ã˵ι
ΰҲ㡱
ཡ
ͨ໰ûΰҶ˵绰
ֳɫ󶭺СʵֳҪҽˣǲҪһ³ҽ
Ѹëҵģǹܲô࣡ΰе㲻á˵ͳһܽ
ȻˬԼʼձͨĵλѹţô
ͨ϶ǾʩѹҪ
ͷⶥɴñ治һס
һûֹһּɵͨΰ൱ìܡ
ӻֱ棬Ѿֹͣѵ
Ҫٴȥûˡ
ʱ׵ͷݲ֪ٿţҲû֮ǰŵӡ
¡Ҵ򡢴Ҵ󲮿϶ұģ˵ʱﲻѪĭ
ҪסֻһССĽѵͨٸͲֻƤ֮ôˣ
̲סһܵ˳ǺɱҲһ졣
ţְĿŵϣҡҡͷŽϣǰ̣ΪʲôҪһСˣ
رʵõ㵣евֹӿֳ
ݺҧԴ캣ҽѧ磬軹ʲôǰ̣㣬ھ캣ҽѧһҺ㣬ұӦõ
ǿԼʵģο縡ƣʲô캣ҽѧһͷҪȥˣ
仰ðس׵Ĵסˡ
Լȴֳмһ˵ӡ
ǰϡ׷ȫ̷ˣ
ҲŲҪʩᣬֻҪҽƭӣҾӦõ
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1476¡һë
 

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㲻½µ̽ˮƽͱҸ߰ɣͮǲ




1477¡͸
 

Ͼ˭û£רȥоèƷֺë
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һԣƵȾԱŭԣֻܰҧ
ΰٴν͵᳤ֶɿȺڡɢҥԡҲΪֶӣͰųȥڳҽǰؼʱڣʱпϹֲҪҽΣʱûо
ǺǣͺܺãõĺģͨʱЦˣֺ϶ΰ֣صĸ㣬캣йֲɰЭ𲡻ľΣҪСӳ֣˵ץ˰ɣ
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ͨ˵꣬ΰĬˡ
Ϊͨ⻰˵̫ء̫ء




1478¡ڶֳ
 

ٱڷǳľ档
ΰԼڿҿҡûз󣬲λӡ
ѵҪڱιֲɰлһ
ܵ洦ҲζԼ޷ٰ
һΰ᳤ֶܿӣаصҽѧרңҿԷˣֻҪϸһУϣ᳤Ҫæβףҷ֯κΥĵطǾͲҪַˡ
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Լֶϲͨŭֱϴܡ
ΰȻ㲻ץǾͲҪԼķʽֹĻһٱ㡣
ΰޱĻӦ᳤ߡ
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޺޵ĿΰһۣȻͨı
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ףӵһ˲䣬½²ɷȵ




1479¡ƶƷ
 

ӵĵһ룬½µĤؼʡ
Ͻ͵зִ硱ḻᾫӢעǡȵȡ
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½¸ղסլֽʻġ
һ˲ֽϵͼʲô




1480¡ͼ
 

󷨣
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Ŀ½ɵĳԹ߽




1481¡֯˵ļ
 

裬ĿƮ
һס˼죬Ӿ˺ü
һСѧģһ׶԰ģԳСӡ
Ϊ˫̥ûʳʵ̫óˣ
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ϾʵǷʳȻԸྪ춯ص飬ǻĵӢۡ
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֯˴Ůһ˼
ΪŮˣ֯˵˼ɲŮͳ
ֻҪŮܹõҸΪһ޸κγԿĵط
һǣϣŮĺҲˡ
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孵Ĳǳģ֯ݲַȻϸѵǳŴ󷽡
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ԳҲҪæʲô
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ͯʲô֣ʵ
գ鶯Ĵ۾һʵ裬𣿡
£Ȼ£˵ͯԭǻе񣬲ǶߣͯԺƤС֣һ˿ͯƬھͻմȾֲߣȾ˻һͯڰٹҹд˵Ƿǳߵġ
֯˽ͯ΢΢üͷ
һĵڣ־ȻܿԶ孵Ĺ֡
ڶǣѵͯ᲼󷨲ɣ
ݵЩˣɳܽٳ
ݸŽȥֶ֯ʵ˼˵ͯµ𣿡
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ͯôܹɵѾɱˣ֯ˣǶʦܹǿ𣿡
ڶ孵ʱûмʦΪ飬˵˵õ˿ͯķҲһ֯ʵش
꣬һ뷨
ιֲ¼ġ
ڿҽݣǸǿţаۣ




1482¡
 

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ֻһֱ鲻ֵʲôڰó޷²⵽ĸҳ֡
ĹͯĻһڶǱߡ
Ͼ֮Уɱôණ學֣öʾˣ
Ƕһϵս
ûǲġ
ֻǳһֱ孽ʥڣԭһĵķ롣
Ϊ孻ɳڣԭһս
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ڶ孵ȷʵˡ
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Ŀ֮б˵ףҪһԶ孵ıһȫоֲҩ
ҹѴžҽԺĶרң캣кͳ档
ƶʡᡢ㵺ҲһЩҽѧרңȫʾԸЭιֲ¼
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ʮСеţ޷ǶЩëƤС¡
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ԭկ壬ǻƶ壬ųƻĵġǡ
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կĶƷռȫ֮һկҲ˱Ϊ̫ƶһ塣
ֱ2013꣬ƶʡ4000һ˳ɹկ18ƷŻ
Ρɨж¶ȫ֮һԵ漰λ;ִȫ֮һԳȫ֮һԵƶȫ֮һԽɶȫ֮һץȫ֮һԶú½վشȫ֮
ڣկѾعġǡѳ¡
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ǳɫûжԲκӰ죬ҽԺҲ鲻κ쳣
˵쵼ֻôעУûƴʩ
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쿴¯е̨Ƶ
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1483¡
 

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ֻͨžϳɵڵӻУڽ¯е̨ߵĲɷá
᳤˴¯УصΪկбʾػ𣿡
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ͨϹҽѧЭỪķ᳤ֻڴկܱܿһߣ
ͨˣߺ¯е̨Աˣۿŵйڶˡ
ѵҽѧר飬ɲ˵
Ϊһ꼰ǧ˵
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ʦǸ280ͯ¶ǸȾߡ
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һ֮£޷͸ͫһۿЩկֲ캣280ͯ޶£
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ĻӰ㹫˾ɣ챻ҵҸжˣټĳرĺˡ
ڵ绰ͷЦҽӲҽֻϾһౡ֮ϣҪڹ˾϶Ӱ쵽
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Ҳ˼ܾӵĺ⣬οһЩ˰æܲǻ¡
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֮ǰͬ˾һʵϰİ״ġ
˼þûϵˡ
״ºһЦ״ɺٻ˵ٻȥһˣǲǳʲô飿
ģҼס¯կ壬﷢˺صУкö˻һȥչǣǵĲһֱûãǸʲô᳤˵ǴȾߣҺܺǻᲡҽôܹܲǿ²
˵󣬰״ԽԽͣƺܲ˼
ȴûȻԭ״ٻؼôãԭ
û⣬ھ͹ȥկ壬֮ȥ㡣֪״ǳǼ̴Ӧ




1484¡
 

Ͱ״ͨ绰˼תصֲɰ
죬½ȥͯ׶԰ֳ˾˵ķ֡
½ڸʻϣһA4ֽֽϻĸӴ𰸣½شջ
ͼǰկ֮ǰһֱо
֮ǰСֳµͼҪ޴ӵöࡣ
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ˣǸɥĲĳʦԼ϶ǲòġ
ض󷨴ʦָ㡣
֮׶԰¾󷨣ȻΪܺߵ280
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½ߵĵկͷƶǸǺ˲ǳڱɨɾˣ½ⱲĶһǶƷߣ
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ʲôˣֹﲻͨһԱǰľ
ûпǿ漸ʮ쵼ģ
ĸ˭˵




1485¡չ
 

仰̬ȣǸԱĲӳһ顣
ƽʱֻ쵼Ż˵ôᣬӦòʲô쵼
Ա۽⣬ע⵽ڰʿܺ׵ľˡ
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ԱУϰܳͺţˡ
˿ܳ󣬽ϳ˵ٵæӦһ£ȥ쵼
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Ǽʮ쵼ӵŵм伸λԱ꣬
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ͨⲮֶկ壬ڮ̫軵ˡ
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ԱȻвҲ붪룬ȫбƵģ˭Ҳ뱻ˡ
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1486¡
 

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ųʧУǸк쵼æóֻͨĵ绰롣
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뵽կĹֲٶԶ280ͯһʱ뵽ǣֲֹ˾˵Ľ




1487¡Ĺ
 

ԼҩֻܸŮⲡ飬ȴ޷Ρ
ȫǼƻϲϱ仯ʶԡ
կĲֲ˽һʱ֮û취ȫġ
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΢΢һЦİɣǵˣκβҡ
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ҲҶʣǺܿ͹ˣҽ㲻书Ҳʲô⡣
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ɺӣǲʶǻΪҽʥֳ֣֧ðĶҡˡ
ѵ᳤˵һҽƭӣҽ
У״Ķ幫͵͵棬ѺһҽѧרңԳʮ𾴣Ӵ߸֪
ƫԶˣ˼뻹Ǽʶǳ֮ǰ᳤ҽѧȨǻѵĵ ָıԳĿ
ɲܰôģѵҽЩҽЭһоֲ
һߣ½ڴ
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һΪϾɵķǰ쾮ȥֻһŮںǳԼСţס˵Ļϲ׼ܡ
᳤˵ϳֵĹƭ˵ҽҪС׽Բأţе㲻ĵ˵
ŮӲ᳤Ļһˣܰ֡д˵Ĺֲκá
˵᳤רңڸǴβӦúܿκˣ裬ȴ˵ĲˣϾܳȥ˰ɣţˣ顣
Ů̾һϣβŵ֣ţԣݰɡ
Ŷţе㲻Ըıĸ֣Ҫߡ
ʱͻȻֺ˳
ǣŮתһ׳꣬Ĳɳһ
׳ȻУȴ³Ķ࣬û롣
㣬㲻£㺢Ӹղ˵Ĺʲô½£Ŭڳһõɫ
Ůĺӣе㺦¡
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ʵ仰ֻŻ½£ɷϹֲڴϣܳ
֪Լɷ򽡿Ҳ򲻹ǰ׳ꡣ
½ЦЦ㣬ҲӦ᳤νްɣҿóĻţʵڵģԲԣ
㡭ô֪ôģŮ΢΢һ
㲻ŹģΪʲôúӳȥ棿½¸͵ʱ򣬺ܼ򵥾ƶϳһ㣬ѹصĵʵկ߱ԭԱҪǰæṩһõϢϣܹһҵĹ
ģŮе㲻š
Ϊһ¸Ůʲô˵ǺңԶصĻ
ֻеϲܿõ
ĺӰţ½Գˣɵ˫Ŀ
СС֮Уһǳʣ
ٽ½Ǹ׳ģţһ¾½µݡ




1488¡ֳβ
 

ȿȣ⣬밢λţСֵһҪұܡ
½¿ʼװ
ʵʲô飬߳ġ
ڹڸľ֯һӡ
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δ迪ڣţеСĵľãҸղźĹޣŶǴﴫúҶ˵ǹġ
ŶǴ˼ޣ½»ɣ޺ܾܿС֡
Ѿ˵ʱͮСһСӰͯ׶԰ĳʦҲһС˽Ӵ
ִ֪֯󷨵ĺܿǶʦٿµͯ
⼸ϵһ½Ϊֻʲôˡ
Ůһ°ţֱۣæ˵λ٣㲻ҪѰţ޵˵ȥҪȻǻᱻ峤𷣵ġ
㣬ģǱҵְҵأܷϸ˵һ˵ôֵģ½԰Ŀʵ
Ůԥһ£˵ģһǰǴϳ˿ǿô£ʱʱһƤڵСһʼΪ˭ҺӶ磬˹ȥ¿ǸСͲˣ֮ļСϳûֵص㲻£дĸ䣬ԴӺСֺ󣬴ͿʼߣԴҶǺСġ
긾Ůⷬ½һ²⡣
Ǿͯܿկ岼󷨣ôȾߡ
㣬㻹ǵúСֵеص𣿡½ٴʵ
Ů룬ҡҡͷֻǵô£βĿݾع⼸ط
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صҽѧרңȻҲС
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ʯ̨¯е̨ļߣԼӰĹԱ
ͨʲô½üͷĵһӦóֻ֪ͨ
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ͨһ䣬֮䣬ȫȻ
Ϊʵһǳ䶯Ϣ
ȫʮ𺳡ϲͼ
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ЩˣͨüߣصΪ˸һڹϵ
᳤٢
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Ƕԣ֣ͨҽѧȨĴ
ܴǵĸ蹦̵£ͨǳ⡣
Ƕ԰ֺ΢΢𣬵˵СߣͨԾ͸ð֮Сûʲôٴα֤֮ڣȫȬ
ã
Ǹ˵÷׷׹ƣ׶
ʱվź˵Ҵ󲮵֪կ廼Ϻ캣һĹֲһʱ͸ϹλԳҽĳȴ֪һԱȣʵ̫ˣԭҴ󲮻һᣬժҽƭӵͷء
˵ô޳ܣ½̲סһĭޣҽоֲǲֶȴݣ˭ƭӣֻҪɵȶó
ΧĴ񣬲û½µĻǷ׷׸ѵƭӡ
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ͨĸӵˡ
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λ񣬾£ϣҶҽƭӵĿʱҽͲˣֻҽҩκ˵Ĳˣڿʼֳβ
֣ͨùԱѼʯ̨
ô¡أҪֱֳβùۼ֤
ʱ᳤ﵽǰδеĸ߶ȣ᳹׵ѣԶϴˢҽƭͷΡ




1489¡
 

½һʼΪͨݽֻӡ
û뵽Ҫֱβ
ѵͨЭᣬѾоƹֲķ
ҪȻıļһֱֳܸ
϶мİա
뵽½ڸȥһϢ
ܿ죬һʼˡ
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ͨʹ˸ɫվ̨ǰ˵ҿˣЭƵҩֻҪƳ̣ҩѧȫûиãǳƭֺ˵ҽֶοɱȵģ
һڴǵв˵ˣȾߣҪΡ
˵Ƴ̾κãǾ¡
˫۾ע£һ߰ѰƵҩȥ
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ֻдߣҩ֮иһ˿ʹ֮ɫƺҩǳѳԡ
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ѵҩã
ҵ㣬νҩƵҩȽϴҩҲңû߸ȬЭҽѧˮƽ߳ȵİ
Ȼ˵ϸ½£ǫ́ߣͷҩʹࡣ
һ¾ˣ϶ô쵼ڳֳʸУǵ᳤º϶ᱻ쵼ʹ𷣡
Ϊҽѧרңȴû½ֵһʲô쳣
Ϊ˿ķǳ˷ܣֱԣش
ֻҪֱκôǵĹֲҽѧֶͨˮǴߡ
ʱһԾΪʼҽʲô
뵽֮Ͳֶеˡ
ֱһۣز΢סԼ
ҸλעܹɱҩҺҩҺÿһֵһԪ᳤Ѹλߴ룬ҷģȡǰ𡣡
˵ţᰴͲһϸ΢ˮ£ڳ緢
ԭһֵһԪۡ
᳤Ǯ֮ȫ
᳤Ǵ˰̫лˣ
ֹˣҿֱͨһ쵼
쵼Ҳ󣬷׷״ƨͨһˬֻûбֵ̫ԡ
ͨĳȵȻôҾƷУرˡ
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ҡܲˣϿҴɣ̨ϵĵһҩĻߣʹĽһƬ蹦̵µ
ͨ΢΢üͷߵǳ̶
Ϊûܹ˵Ĵء
󲮲ˣǸ߳ѸβһССʹ඼ܲˣ
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룬ȴ
ֻЦҿ϶ǰǣѿ£ҪΪ䣬ЭὫȡ𣡡
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ٳһδ£կҪֱˡ
կ˵ȫɽܵġ
ֻ½һʶԾðظǸ룡
ϾǸҩܲˣ˭֪ͲҩҺû⣿
ڲ˼Ȳ´룬һСģܻܿ
Ϊ⺺½¶һ㣬Ϊ̨ȺҽѧרҲ
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кͷŭʹ£½´Ⱥдֱ̨ܳϱȥ
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׹˵ļ˴󺺣ܹס½С
Ȼ½³ףϾ˫ȭѵ֣˴󺺰Χס֮޷ͻΧֻܱߺͶԷֱ߳ͨͨˣҩãҪ𣿡
˵˵ʲô죬ȥ
ͨôӰת½£ʱŭּ
ֱƻԲܳκβӡ




1490¡
 

ͨôѾ¼½´ֱֳһĻ
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үүǳҽרɽ̽½£
½ԱţֳǶˡ
ȻǸ½У
ͨǲ죬ȻЦԭǳƭģҿˣɥҽƭӣԼҩҲˣЭƣ˹ңֱһԶûУ
ΪһϽͨ˼άתǳ졣
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ͨóҶͨӡ󣬿϶ںܲõ֡
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ͨ֡
ԱֱβŰٷְٵİգ
Ϊһжǰƻõġ
ô˴֮󣬲ȫûмļ󣬷ԽԽʹࣿ
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İԽԽûлش
еˣأô£
ҡʵһֱǿװ򶨡
֪ͨͻȻյկߵϢͨõһƺõҩҩ
ͨҪʮҽѧרңоҩû⣬ûĻǰկֱβ
ʱغרо֮һ϶ҩû⡣
ڰ뵽ҩȻصĲʷӦ
Ȼ캣ҽѧһٮٮߣؿǻˡ
ͲԾĵ䵽ϡ
ôҲưˣ
ʮӰţǱһ
ʹˣ
͵ľѣ᳤ҩ⣡
˵ʲôͨһŭ漴˰һʾر졣
ҩԲй¶ȥ
λȥֱΪֹ
ֱ֪ܼͨˣϣ
ԱȥǸǸͻȻŻһѪ
һѪȥֶͨһһ
һĻ̨һƬ֮
ŲѪȥ˵ĵһӦǣˣ
صʮҽѧרҴԭأ
ĨĨϵѪûô¡
ֻͨȷӦæӶȡһŰײϵѪĨɾøȾߡ
ȻŹԱŭصֱ
̨ϵĹԱγѣȿֺȥصֱ豸
Ȼ̨µʮӰڲ㣬۽ͨ͵ߵĲ֮ϡ
һЩó΢ͨ¿š
Щ˵ֱ¹ʣռݸֽͷıըţ
ģҹصͷͨŭȴһ˿֮
ѾθЩ߷ڷˡ
ֳļý壬ģֻҪǲȥ¹ʻܲһ¡
ͨ߻ֱβʧܣһʱûм鲡ûлţǼŹصֱ½ĵŭ㡣
ֱͨˣ
㻹ŸʲôϽֳͨɵɵվԭأһѡ
Żع̨µĴ͵λ񣬲˼λѾҩɾȣǵҩ⣬ϣҲҪ飬Ը




1491¡ͨˣ
 

Ǽɷľ棬ȫû֮ǰһº͵ӣҲɵ֪ıԡ
ͨһϵвҲôǺġ
˶ܿóͨղſڿ˵Эҩκòڴꡣ
ûκҲˣòҩʹһĻֳӰ
̨վô쵼ǸŭԣֻĶͨʧȥΣΪͨҽѧȨ
һĴ񿴲ȥ͵͵ֻ΢ѽȥ
̨ϵͨעһ㣬ֻ༭ϢȵǸ·ģڸʲô
༭΢û༭һ룬ͱֶͨŭһ
̧ͷֻһ˴һ׺ݵ
ͨ˴־Ҫȥֹֻȴ첻ֻĿš
˴󺺿ƾҪֻʱȻ䣬һֻ޳ÿֳڰ˴Ϸָֻһ˴󺺵־ͬȥ
ȫ˼ĿһĻ
ţ½¶һϲ֮ɫ
ˣ
ҽôͻȻͳˣǸô£½˲両⡣
ȫûεģҲûγֵġ
ȱ˸ò˼顣
֮ǰ½¿ֱжϳͨˣΪҽ֮⣬һЩڻɫشĸ߼ݡ
Ϊظ֡
ڳĵ½ĲòԥǲҪԼ֮ǰԳжϣ
ƭӣȻկˣ־ŭ
֮ǰͨѾӵڷ·쵼֪ͨѾկ塣
ֻǻûҳˣԼ
һڣһƬСĻȻ֮
Ƿ׷׺ĴôȻƶʡڱΪҽ
ȻֶͨĨڮ٣ƭӵĽзҲ
ֻͨղֱβʧܣôǶͨ϶ҽƭӵ˵˸ʺš
ڵӻǰۿֱĹҲһȻͨʱֱǺܶ˿ҩѪĳ档
ǸϢըˡ
̶ֶͨʱ˸վѰһ
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Ŀӹתͨϡ
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ͨˣ
һ𣬳һ˴Ⱥ̨ǰų̆ϵ᳤
ͨû뵽һμ棬˵ĵһ仰Ȼ˵Ϊǡ
ȷʵ˺ܴ¹ʣԶԶʱ
㲻ʸ˵ûϲɡͨӸ£мĶųЦһ
һͨѻѵɱ߼ҽ仰ĺ壬ͨǻѵ
ͨԭǳŻȥģʵ
ûͨεĳˣΪԼôֵͣ캣кկ𣿽ҾŸ㣬ҪԸĲֹ㣬Ҫͨ⵹ҽЩϲҽҽѧװγ
ͨⷬڳ˶Ϊ֮Ծ
֮ǰ˶ΪͨЭרҵ캣Уկ壬Ϊβġ
ԭĿľȻǲҽ
ĵһԭˡ
;ͨͼûô򵥡
ֻͨĵһ濪ʼĵ᳤עʧˡ
ͨΪϹҽѧЭỪķ᳤ֻԼݺԴƹҽĻҪҽҽѧˣһֱʧҡҡͷӽ쿪ʼĻ᳤ݵΪֹˡ
ߣΪԼͰ⵹ҲɣҽȫҽҲʸͨ
ֱһ̣ͨ־һ䣬һۡ
ʾ⣬˴󺺵ץסҽƭӣǽֱгƭӵУ
һ뷨
ֱгڸش¹ʡ
ҽСģ˴󺺷ſԼ͵ĳ˹ȥ½¼æѡ
ֻǸղűеݣ޷ָ̻жȥæ
˴˹ȴǲŲæһɨͽ˴ɳȥ
֮ǰֱ¶ǺԣֳǸ˴󺺣Ѿˡ
⼸׹˵İ˸֣֮ǰļߡ
ڳ»Ǻ޻֮




1492¡ȫ
 

һУȫ
ǰկĴҲ˵ҽ⣬书
ҾֻǶԳһ񻰣ᣬͬʱҽѧġ
죬ۼˣ
˴󺺣ÿһװϣĸ׳˶ţƷһɨ߰ףˤڵ
ֳ棬ǰֻڵ￴
ʯ̨ϣͨصҽѧרңһ쵼Ѿɵۡ
ر֪ͨ书ͣԼԻѧ缸ûʲô˽⣬ֻ֪ʦ
λ׹˵ѣĵı֤⼸˴֣ʲôʦ¡
ͨһʱ֮ȫ޷ܣһоͰѼ˴ˡ
ͬĿɿڴĻ½£ղֻǲ²书ȴû뵽书ôߣ
ʵסˡ
½ѧ䣬ɽ书֣ʦ
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ҽ
½ܵǰﻹǾ֮ɫ
½һۣûʲô󰭣̨ȥ
㡢Ҫʲôͨŵˡ
صȫɫ
书ôߣѾûиˣǳǻεֵס
ϱ˻ûãԳֺ¡
òҪ̫֣Ҵ󲮺׹˵һλƸѣλƸʮҲ֣ŵĽе
ԣǹЦſ׹տ׹Ҳҽѧ磿
Ҫ֪ϲĸطĻݵλϹҽѧЭỪķ᳤ֻҽ»ҽѧ磬ʲôһԸһᣬֻҪЭᣬҽұ¡ֱͨ˿̣ԾӸµĿǣͳ˵
ȴ÷ϻˣҡҡͷͨ˵ˣ죬Ҿ滪ҽѧŴ
һ䣬ٿȻһѵͨǰץסͨװͨ
Ҫʲôͨɫ䣬޷ٱ򶨡
һ书ǿĳץסϥ붼֪Ҫʲô
ֵĴеôҶҴ󲮶֣ǲǣ
Ҳ֪ôڳǻֱβˣ
ķʣһʱƿԡ
ͨƱǻ߲Լģǵҩ޹أٲԻḶǳصĴۣ
Ŷ𣿡Ϊ⣬᳤ЩǸ˵ȥɡ
㵱ɱ̫ͨͨˡ
֮ͨͬʱ뱲ӻܵĹ»һɿգѣǶͨĳͷ
ͨûɱ˼ΣǿЦ֪ͨжǿ
Ҳжֻ֪ɱ˳쾭壬֤ȷ䣬˵ʲôҲûã
һͨ˦ʯ̨ϣͨ˦ûǼܶɢˣ˲ʹͨ촽ס
ţĿ⣬ɨص˵
ǿɪɪ
رǰһΪܳԽԼƵϡ
û뵽һ־֮ƣֱѹͨ
ͨΣӵ˻ַֻ
ʱ˿̣ȫˡ
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Щ߱ͨ򣬳Ҳó
һҪܷɵƲá
һȫˡ
⸱ͨͽ
ѵ޾ͨ
ǻԥҪҪճ˵Ļ
һͨı°⵹Ǿվˡ
Щ߲һӦ²µóʲô
³ٶ˵ϻǶԶ֡
濴ȥֻƺƵһȺˣƱͨ˽ʱҪƴ
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1493¡ҳ£
 

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1494¡Ѫβ
 

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1495¡ͷ
 

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1496¡˷
 

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1497¡ܲ
 

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1498¡ֶ
 

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Ϊҽ͸ǿˡ
͸ͫһЩеĲ黹û񻯵ʱ̡
дԼ2Сʱʱ䣬оƷ
ҽǳҽˣһ֣·ڰмһ⡣
Щһֱ棬ȴһֱûоǡ
ͨĵôΪβϣȴֱͨ˸ա
ǺѪβĴţĴ󲿷ֲȹѪһҹȥЧ΢΢
ʣ׵ģǳˡ
֮ǰ캣κ280ͯ飬Ѿկ֪
˳ǵϣ
ҽһҪȾǰһŮſǻתͷԳݡ
ߵСŮҲǿ޳˶
ҽȾǣ
񳯳߹ݣ
ҪκǵĲԺǸţ
ҽȾҼҺӣ
ǧݿͬũĳòΪ֮ݡ
󲿷ũˣʵġ
Щʵ޹Ĵȴ޶˶˱һ֣֮ȡ֮ǰɨĴҪضˡ
״˫ؿڣ᲻֪˿̷ǳġ
ţϣܴ漣
ٸСʱ
Сʱǵҡ
ҳҽ֤֮һκ˵Ĳ
˵仰תȥֶ룡




1499¡ڣԭһĳ
 

ҽѵ취ˣӸں棬ʵ
һ첽߻ذá
󣬱ټѵҽѧרңſᡣ
޹˵ȣȫ뵽ȥ
ȥǰɫأҲҶʡ
ΨһģԼֶΣͷ
ɵĳͷʱʱʹһǳӲһֱûйκζ
ͬʱ϶կ¼ĹעԽԽˡ
رֱ֮ͨ¼Ĺעﵽµĸ߷塣
ͨΰѺȻʦüȥùϵͨȴܲסϵۡ
ǽ˸Ѫͷ
˵ͨΪϹҽѧЭỪķ᳤ֻȨѾȻ޴ˡ
ƽûٰѳҽƭӡ
ǿ˴կź󣬾þҽ֣Ҳ졣
϶կ¼۵ȻʱǱߣͻȻһߺ䶯ԵϢ
孽ʥڣԭһģڳˣ
һؾԣսģսĵһаۣΪӸ
ըϢһϷȶ˲䳹׸ǹկ¼
կֻƶʡ۵ö࣬孽ʥսаֹۣȫۡ
ǷŵȫϣҲǹעȼߵĴš
ʰһȺԱѾըˡ
ȫһս˭ʤ
аۺͿö孽ʥ忪
ΪǿߣֱǻĺͶ孵ĵһ֡
ʵס
˭Ҳܰٷְٿ϶ıʤ
ȫңЩǿֵ߽񣬶Դ۵Ȼ졣
һһӸÿӵ¥㶼ǵرߡ
ڳԹȺ˵ͺһ
ͬʱ󲩲ʹ˾Ϣһ˲䣬̡̿
аۺͶ孽ʥʣ޼
ĸʹ˾΢ڣԭһġ
׹˹ά˹ĳаۿ12ڣԭһĿ113
ֲѾǳˡ
֪˹ά˹ĳ߹ܡ
λ߹ܸǣ孽ʥѾãްܼսḻаȻһˣϾ̫ˣܿܰھ鲻һϡ
ʹ˾͸¶˵ҲǴͬС졣
۷֣һԺԲơ
ʹ˾Ϊа۵ᣬԸܻϵơ
孽ʥʮ꣬ϵһϣֵƸ
⻹һǣаڸս϶ľ޴
˭Ҳ֪ڵаۣǷѾָ۷״̬
孽ʥչس꣬϶ͻƵµ۷壬Ǹոճأϸŭ𣬿νЮ赲֮ƣٻģ
ʱڣԭһֳֶ孵һơֿȭа۹Уа֮棿
ʹ˾߹ܵ۱󣬸̳ϵҲӿö孽ʥˡ
ϾЩֻͨǿ֣ʹ˾̿ɲġ
˭ܸǮȥʹ˾
ȻڣԭһĸʣǾ˵ڣԭһʤ
ڣԭһĽճأվҪִﻪģаǱһֱûԻӦ˲²аǷĲ㡣
֪а۵˲٣ȫ缸ʮǾǲ׺һڡ
˭Ҳ֪˵еаۣ˿һ΢С׼һߡ
կ壬֮ڣԽԽҡ
Ȱ
ҽ˼
ҽǧԼǻİ취
ҽһ˵ǧҪǻҽԺҪأ
һҽѧרҵȰ棬ɫȻƽ
Ѿûʱˡ
ٷ֮һٵȷߵķֻһ
Ǿͷ˵ĺѪ
ֻǳΪͷζõķ϶˰ͷ
ͺ֮ǰͨõҩƷʽһ
ֻͨĻߵһӡ
ͷ۵ϰ壬ⳡıҪһ
ͷ˵Ѫû˭
ֻҪ׳ԣѪβ
ЩԵѪҺԲ㣬ֻ΢ⲡ顣
ǳеõ
յóĽǣ֮£ֻһ˵ѪҺεôĲ
ǾԼ
壬ѪҺĻԣԶ˶ҪߣЩǿĸ֡
ֻҪ23ѪҺһڵĲ
ڵѪҺ5000
կǰѪҲζһ֮ڣɥʧһѪҺ
ʼ̬ʱʧȥôѪҺҲΣա
ˣѪľ
ǵȲһˣ˵һ죬ڰСʱڣǧ߱õƣ
˲ܻѵרȰ裬ȻȻƿôš




1500¡һ׳
 

߳ã㿴һȺ񣬾ۼ֮ǰ
կ弸Ҽһ˸ȾߣڲΣ֮ʣȫ˶ԼҲ
Ƕһҽ죬Լ˶ɹʱ⡣
һ̣ȫ˶ˡ
ܵһڴˡĿ⣬вɵøΰʫԭһʫ̫Ϣ⣬֮裡
ҽȾǣ
Ϊ˻ţǲϧ¹
ֻܹչֻشҽ벡ħԶ
԰ꡣڰ֣ʾǲҪ̫İСʱǶԽҪʱ䣬λźöӣǧ򣡡
˵ǧæ߳ܿųʮ˶С
ڲŶӵʱûѵҽѧר׼Ѫ֮ÿС23ѪҺ
ҪԼѪʱͻȻɫ֣ص߹ԳүǶ孽ʥڣԭһĸոأռִﻪģԼս̩ɽۣ֮ΪӸ𣡡
ŶڣԭһϹһʱ΢΢졣
ѪһڶΪ״̬ʵ϶ûƽʱɡ
ڣԭһĸպʱأҪ˵뱾¼Ļָʹȫ޹أǲŵġ
ɣ¼Ļָʹڣԭһģ
ûʱ˼Щˡ
ʣ²Сʱδ½£ûȥҡ
ɼڣԭһĳأȻ˵¶ҪΪѪ
֪Ѫ󣬶ʱڱضʵ󽵡
ʱ䱻ڣԭһҪǸϹġơ֮£
뵽æȰүҪǱѪ˰ɣǱӻ󰡣
Ѿ㲻ö˵
һ䣬ѪһһѪѪһ
һĻȫʮ־档
ҽԭİ취ҲѪ𣿡
һѪĻô˵Ĳɣ
ǼȻᣬҲǷǳǿ׳ѪҺǿѪ600ܾȵ˶ˣ
һЦǷģѾˣΪҵѪҺԷǳߣ23ͿһԼһǧһˣҲ˵׳3300ѪҺͿκˡ
ⷬȫˡ
ҽȻ׳3300ѪҺ
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һڵѪҺҲǧ
һ׳ķ֮ﻹڣ
ҽ㡢ûҪΪկزߵİΪĻˡ
Ȼ˶˽ģڳĴǣҲһλǺ޹ϸҽʹ
ı̬ȣǵȻһЦȣһҽˣҽְ
ȻкܶġҽڸҽԺ棬Ϊ˲ܹΣһ̶ϢʮСʱĺҽ
еҽɹԼȴΪ̫
Щҽڣ˵Ľܵõϡ
ȻΪ˴ѪֻǼѡ
ڶ孽ʥսǾ֮ٿǵ顣
ǾΪҽĶж˵ЩʲôѵҽѧרңѾöƿѪҺû߸Ͻȡ˷á
֮ǰԼѪɹΰ״һý㣬ԲŶ϶23ѪҺⲡ
ǰЩ֮󣬾ϣڵĲѪҺ£ܿ챻Ĩɱһɶ
ۿɼٶȻָͬۿɼٶȣɫò԰
ү
ҽ
ɺһһߣס
һΣԼ׳2800ѪҺ
ʧѪͷĿѣ԰ף־壬ݿˣյ
ʼ侪ˣʧȥôѪҺҲֻǸеͷζѡ
ѪҲǿ󣬴Լһھȫָ
÷ҡɺɿ֣ȻڷѪҺĴ
ǧڰСʱȫɡѪơ
һŶӵĻߺѪҺ¶οЦݡ
һҽĳɾͣĪȲΣߵ
ٴһ׳٣ǧ
ѪҺĻߣڵڷɿʧ˶ܸоħҽѪҺɱˣ
ȻҪȫԪûô죬ûӰ֣ȫо࣬ÿ¸ϲ֮ɫ
лҽ
ûкͼ˷ϲãǵһʱ¡
ҽǵĸ
ǧ׷׹£лǵӵһϲ
һĻ
ͻȻǰһڣЩεæٴַס




1501¡µ
 

Ȼòεɸӵˡ
״̬ôӦս孽ʥ
үȥϢɡ
ͷȷʵҪúõϢһ¡
ΪǰѪβ֮󣬳ڤڤһ˿
ץס˿򣬳ԤԼܿͻµͻơ
ʱ˵һڣͿȫԪˡ
߽ϢʱһԹĵʵҽһ׳ôѪҺ¶ʱڶ޷ָɣ
Ҫһʱ䡣ʵ
ԣɫתΪ𺳣ҽˣȻһھܸԪĻ̫ˡ
˵ʲôת߽ãɹôţС濴أ˭Ҳ׼ųϢ
죬կ߱캣гҽţܿ촫˳ȥ
ѺͨаأϢȫš
ΰȷ֮Ǿ㲻Ҳˡ
ɹߣͨ˵һ˫ش
ԭ㶯ùϵȥҽ
ڳΪҽܳĴɹǧֱ˵Ƶ磬кܶ˿ȥڮٳҽҲûʲôˡ
ΪϹҽѧЭỪķ᳤ֻͨȨһӵ䵽˹ȵס
óԳ֣ЭܲǱߣѾڿǷҪȡͨķ᳤ְֻλ
ͨЭ֪ܲϢǼͬ
֪ܲٿʱԼλӾ߰˳ɿԲˣ
ʧȥ᳤ְֻλͨԤеԼݡλһһǧɡ
ʵЭܲһʼǴѹҽѧ磬ҽٽģ¢г
ϾͨǻˣԹҽѧȽ˽⣬Эܲľû˶˵⡣
һϣͨһֱûаֹʧƶҽļƻһƻ׸Эܲһݴ
ڣһȫˣ
Эܲضѡһѡѹҽѧ硣
뵽ͨһƬ
ͨɫҵҲ֪²ˡ
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կ߱¼ȻǴţ붫孽ʥԼսаһȣǾСƣ϶ƲһƬ˻
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ڣԭһĳزԼս̩ɽۣ֮ѾȥСʱˡ
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ڴ۵ģǶ孽ʥа˭ʤ
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ôСʱȥˣûӦս
аǿקŵըԸ񣬲ӦõڻûӦս
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ȻֻСʱ㹻˵硣аΪβӦսԭˡ
аڸս֮ʵûȫָԲӦս
ֱаη嶫孽ʥʵ̫ǿӦս
ֲ²⣬õֶ֧ߵġ
а۵ԸСʱӦսǿ϶ǲӦսˡ
֮ǰΪֱаۻɱɥĶڵǰֵʱֱͦ壡
ûĵһ֣а۾ȻӦս˵ʲô
˵Ƕ孵ĵһʵǿ
֮ǰֻڣԭһûгأаռ˵˶ѡ
ۣ֮ⷬչս
аۺͽʥδ֣ѾսȻ죬֪ٸغϡ
ڰþĳȴǶĶġ
ӽ״̬һ̿ʼľȫξľ硣
컪Ҳ½£ֻܻ
𽫳ᰵȹĳˡ
֪״̬᰺Ƴǵһʱ䶼ǳġ
֪ԼȥҲﲻʲôæ
ֻ飬ǰկ廤
򵥿ɺͽ컪һסĳЩĻϲļһ
ĵȻӦˣûк˵
ʱ˿̣ͻƵĽҪͷ
ԺУһ鸡ʱ׳ó̡
֯ǰʯˣЩɥòں԰ŷѨӡΪ
ҲǴʱ𣬳ܹԤеƿŷѨһ죬ضܻµĸ
Ǵθ򣬻˳ͻơ
Ǿ仰ɣǵԴҪ츳ԡ
ռݷǳıء
Ϊˣܾĥѣһء
ص캣УֲϧѪҺΪǧβֽʥ˵ΪԴµĸ
ұʱĸ
Ϊǡаҽ䡷
ϴаҽҽѧȫⱾаҽ䡷֮ϡ
βˣڡаҽ䡷صԴʽ




1502¡
 

ȻҲҪȵʲôˡ
һǣǰε˲ࡣ
̶һһǧ˵
ν
ǧҽܳɣɴ˸˴һ˿С
ֻҪԴĸԼ֮УͻƱ˳ˮۡ
ڳ״̬ʱկһˡ
ʮ͸ߴһͷƷ߸ۻ֣һ
֮󣬾ֱ÷
ʲôˣͷɺͽ컪߲ƣʵ
Ϊҵͨѵһ֪Сӡ
ͨģһݣܿ²⵽ݣ׹˵ˣ
Ŷ֪ĻͦࡣûҾ׹˵Ķ񶷼ңˣȻ֪ҵݣ͸ҹԶһ㣡
һ䣬ɱ˲䱬
ɺͽ컪ȴǴ粽ã֪ĽҪͷܱŵ
ҽ컪뵽һ㣬ʵô֪棿
Ͳ֪ˡȻ׼ϻ˫һţôųȥ
ס
ɺͽ컪Լ¡
ϰٸ֣ܺȥ
һ̣һٶȫ˫䡣
ɺͽ컪¶֮ɫ
ǿ
ȥҽ˵ţҪܡ
컪̽סɣڲܴų
ԥһ£棬ͻȻԾһӰ
򶷵ôϷ˳
С㣬׹˸ִͨģСһ㡣ɼæѡ
֪ˡ
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ֻû뵽һʱˡ
Ȼ飬ĽСһҲû
ǹһ˿̵Ц⣬һȭȻȥ
齿һƻѩסȭ˱ڰ֮ǰ
״ݣȫû뵽鿴ǸεεĴŮ书Ȼôߣ
Ҳˡ
ֲһԭȻز¶
ҲŽֲʮУ·磡
׹Ҳͷĸ֣ŵýǰʮ
ȴأϾǿĻĹ䣬Ƕ֣
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֪ʲôʱƵıһƴдҪ
ν׹˸֣˲
úݵŮ
Χ۵կȫĺ𺳵ˡ
ҲǣҪȡҽˣҽ˳ֲôУ
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⼸ܻܿиĸţҳ鷳
ǱҪϼӷˡ
ͨǱߣյϢޱȣ˸ľ
ΰͬʱյϢֻͨһ仰ɱˣͨôùϵûˣ
Ѳͨļ˸תһʾ޿
ʾ޿ʲôģɵӶó
֪ͨԼȷʵֻܵĶԳԹ޸ǵ˼㡣
ϣʦһġϢԼѪҺΪկβΣա
ܱȵȴ̵һ
СϢԣܾܿǰаۣ
Ϣͨʦλȷһ£õ֤ʵ
ǳҽȴаۣ
ͨǳ𾪣漴ϸָĿС
ض孽ʥٻģһսҿ㻹ô򣡡
ΪկЩũ񣬰ԼˣɵȰ
ͨڼȴڣԭһĻɱĺϢ
ͬʱըһµĺ䶯Ϣ
֪˭ԣа֮ԲӦսΪˣ
һ󲩲ʹ˾Ѹٵʣ
Ҳ˵Щʹ˾ȫġ
ˣǻ˿ɵ孽ʥˣ
غ
ܿһӦ˭˵˵ģ




1503¡ྣ
 

Ǿķ֣˭˵˵ġ仰Ȼһӵǧ˿΢ˣྣ
΢֤дţɽǽɵڶʮˣִɽˮ뽣
ʦྣȻˣ
ǿྣ΢ȫ˷ޱȡ
ڻģѧ֣ᷢһµĽʦҲλɽྣ
Ȼྣ֤Ϊνǽɴˣ֪٣ྣ΢ϷһƵ֮ȫĽˮ׼
Ƶྣ˫ָһʱһһʽ޴ߴʦ緶
ҲǴǸƵʼྣѸߺ죬΢˿ڶ̶̰ʱڱǵһǧ
ྣǶһһġˮ뽣Ҳǽֵ
һнصȥɽݷྣ
ݰݷû˵ྣʵˮƽƵֳĸ𺳡
ྣԼǣ̫ߵƵչȫʵǱضᾪףĳΥ
ྣ˵ߵʵȴѸߺڼ䣬ƵԼܻӪԼ΢ţʱһҷ˿
ǰ죬ྣ΢˿ﵽһǧ򣬶ྣصطһ΢Լǻѧһĵһˣ
Ƕ֪ྣ겻ʮ꣬ˮƽѽʦ硣
ȷʵ˵ǻѧһĴˡ
Щȥɽݷùྣྣλ˵еаᲢۡ
ȻһǱȽԵġ
ǵྣԼǻѧһһ֮ȫһˣ
Ȼûۼаۣ䴫а۱ྣҪᡣ
аڸͶ孵ĻԻսаѱΪһǿ֡
ྣԼǵһ΢ȻûἰаۣǶаŵƣ
仰˵ྣҪսаһһ˵λӣ
˵ྣ΢ҵۡ
ڳûа۵ſͨ΢Գڶ˿ֻȥྣ΢ۡ
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̫Ÿޡ޵ȵȹңгҷۡ
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һЩµĸˡˣ˳ķ˿
аŵڡ
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ʲô孿֮սҿǴģ˭ҲûۼҲа۷˿棡
ۣάȫû
˫սྣ˵΢Ѱһ
ྣôҲҪ˵Լǲаۣа۵ʵ
ྣ˵ȴȫ֪ܻӦ
֮󣬱Ƕ孽ʥڣԭһĳأԼսа̩ɽ֮ۡ
ȫһƬȻྣķ˿Ҳ⡣
Щ˿׷ྣ΢棬ྣսΪҲΪԼǻĵһ֤
а۾òӦս£ྣսĺ͸ˡ
ྣķ˿Ҳڴྣܹսʤڣԭһġ
Ͼྣɽǣ죬а۸ܴѧ硣
ͳѧѾˣʲô֡䵱ûһ֡
˿һͳѧĴ˺ճǶĻ롣
Ҿаۣаһǳţƺа֣ͳѧ磬δеѵǴ֮õ˼
ǧ֮£ྣڷһ΢˭˵˵ģ
΢һۿɼٶʮ
࣬ʱͻưޣ
ལҪսˣ
ལˣ
ҿڣԭϹô
ྣЩۣǳ⣬ѡһ޵ۻظգҽ̩ɽӢ磬·ѧͬս




1504¡Ұ
 

ྣ׼ӢظǱø˷ܡ
дֿɿˣ
ȻྣԽԽߵȴһ㶼С
Ͼ˼ʵ
ྣԹȺϲʲô
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վɽྣٷȻᣬȴһ̬
ԶһȺοͣȫֻྣգ¼Ƶ
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ལҽʸմƵ606㣬һҪŶ
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Ȼ򣬹ֲǰûˮ뽣Ҫۻʷϵ˫ȽĻʱõ˫ɽ
ʱྣ뵽ʲôˣаж𣿡
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ʦ֣С˵аֻǻĹٷԸ孵ĸ֣֪ǲġ
ִԣҲţаۿ϶ʵڵģֻϲװ͵ضѣҪʱͲˣսʽǶѧ۷һսҲһаۣս
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Ȼһǧ΢˿׬˲ǮԶԶ޷Ұġ
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Щӹ֬׷ۡ
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Ҳྣаʵкܴˮֵһԭ
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յ̩ɽྣ֮·ĵʯ
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Ϊྣ֪࣬ס
ྣ΢ϵġ
аۣˣܶս޷ྣӦս孽ʥ˼֤Ľڻģɽ
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ྣ΢ùûʣѵĴﴵ
ȫ˵ྣִޱȡ
ڹа۲ӦսĲ²⣬ѾΪۡ
ྣ΢ȴûᵽһ㣬չа۵ӡ
Էа۲ȥĻǲˡ
Ȼྣ˸ߵȴȫûйע
Ҫֻ֪ྣôһˡ
ҪҪȥգŴ۾ʵ
ȥȻҪȥ΢΢һЦԼսﶼԼ̩ɽϻڣԭһģشǱȥһ̩ɽ
ô˵ѵѾˣ鲻ɵ¶ϲ֮ɫ
΢Цҡҡͷ첻ѰҪһͻƣڣԭһϹ书ϡ




1505¡
 

֮·һСһ蹵ʿ޷ͻڣжʿͣڡ
츳ԵߣͻƵСɣܶҪһʱ䡣
ԺһЩҲҪʮꡣ
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ͻڴɵļʿ֪ٶȣǻһѪ³
ȻһĴ򣬻ûͻơ
ȱľǳ˵ڤڤһ
һм֣һ֣ҵ׷ʿԿԴǿͻơ
ڶ֣츳Լߣͻơ
ֱȽϳķʽսͻơ
ľǵͻƷʽ
ֻּ𣬽սͻƵѶҲͨʿһ
ҪһǿĶ֡
һҪԼ۷״̬ʲôֻ̫ܲѹ̸ͻƣ
ˣھͿڣԭһĵʵжǿˡ
֪а۲ǲӦսڣԭһĵͻﻹΪаηս
ʼգǰ֮ˣ
Զ孽ʥ״̬µȻ㹻ź԰
飬ƱɣǾȥ̩ɽӴ״̬վȻûʲôѪɫ
鵣ǵʵҪҪϢ죿ǸྣڣԭһĴǸྣʵĻ򲻹ڣԭһģҲһ£ȡʱ䡣
ˣҵȵľ۷״̬ڣԭһģྣģá˵ţſȥ
컪ɺӶ档
֪ǰ̩ɽʱ˶һ֮ɫ
ҽڲŹȥһ죬ûָɣеʵ
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Ҽǲ嶼Ƚ飬Դǹ˾ҩƷͲȥˡһ˵һָ˾һѾǰҩƷˡ
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һһСߵ½ǰʲôҲû˵
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ͷ仰е˷ͻȻΪ𺣬ֵݺһ

ͷԼĲӣͷһֻѪ
Ӿ׼һͷ˲
˵ʱ򣬲˵




1506¡ı¶
 

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һüֵȫեɵˣǸ
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ûȻұӣʦҴڣԭҵõϵҫ˵ţн⣬ص캣һ쿪ʼһҵļƲ֮УҰڲԷ֮˵еаŪڹ֮Уϣûеڶ˰õˣ
ҲΪʲôû츳ڣԭһȴԸΪͽԭ򡣡
Ϊ孽ʥһ׷󽣵ȴ֪˼µĲҵڴ
ҽԣӦóΪа۳Һڴҵľƣʲôۣ
ӻſ˫֣һʮԺı顣
㲼ôıֻΪҵʵʦսʤҵİո󣬵󻹲ǰ¶ˣֵСҿҳݡ
ǺǣаۣʧȥôѪҺԲѣӵЦͻȻұ㷢Ŀ֮⣬ҵļƻȱģ͵űʦһնɱɣ
ΪұڣԭϹܴӮң
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˵ʦ֮ͯڣӻһ䣬ʵҵһУ
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ܶʵ嶼ȥ季ЩʵӣߣǱΪͯ




1507¡䱾ˣκ
 

үСģɺͽ컪ٴС
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½ֻڨڨһЦ
˺ܿ㿪ص캣С




1508¡Ҳ
 

ԭΰӭӣֱ鿪ȥ
ΰͮͳ档
ҽҪԶ𣿡ΰֹĵʵ
ͮˣɫ԰ףѪɫúܡ
ӦúúϢǣôɻ
һЦ֣µҲͲˣʵҾаۡ
ʲô
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ûΰڣͮ˵ܰɣаۿǻĵĵһ֣孽췭ظĸӢۣôаۣ
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ͮɫ΢΢һȻ˵ааЩ£㹻ΪǻĵӢۣҳǺ𣿡
ٺ٣ᾯ٣ݵĴӢ۾ǰôͲԸʵˣ½³ûͮһ䡣
ͮ½һۣҾͲôˣһˣͻȻ˵캣еĳҽǴ˵еаۣѵͻ𣿾ֳ˵ǲǡ
ΰı飬еΣûл˵ҽаۣȷʵܲ˼顣
֮ǰ͸ͮᵽ飬˶ΪǴ˵еаۡ
Ȼڳ׿ڳϣΰҲóǿЦġ
аۣͱӳݵλˡ
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ΪԼԸ޶пܡ
а۵ĺճȴһʵڡ׷ǵһ˿ʵʵĻ롣
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аǳأ
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Щѧɵˣ书β룬ĸ޼
ֻǹʲôXXɽXXɡ˵ţȥ
ྣҲֻҪЩ˵ţų棬һ֤߾С
ߵʱ䣬ɫµ̩ɽԳ
ҹεÿУһһŮرˡ
Ů񻡢飬ǳһųɽϣͷ99
еʳ⻪˫Ŀǹ貣ֻǼ԰ףѼѪɫȥһӡ
һһŮܵһʵһֵϡ
ûɣע⵽еأǵʵ
ɽѣһЦЦοܿΰ̩ɽ羰ҾһЩҲûʲô
۵Ļ͸˵ҪǿҡҿԱ㡣˵仰ӹһ˿Ρ
Ц䣬ͻȻ۹Ļ⡣
˵а۸Ҳս
սɣҲǲྣӣʱྣڣԭһģģа۾ͽྣûˡ
˵Ҳаۺܴܲ




1509¡ɽϵĳͻ
 

а۸ҲģͺͳµˣһŮ
һеģƺֱһ㱡ļӣϸĻ
һеȫûмӡ
ǸŮϸƤģŮ𣬾üë̫̫ϸȥһ˵ĲȻС
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ϳűӵǶݣҲʦйߵġ
ֻݼ˵а֮ǰôڱڣԭһԼսȥƨŲôܻӦྣ룬̩ɽս
ʦ֣˵е̸͵ĻǾͿа۵ˡ
ͿɣҲûʲôϡġ
ȫһΪȻɫ
Ҿ㿴ôаѾ֮ǰаˣӦսһʵ϶˴룬˵򲻹ҡ
ʦ֣Ŷ׾Ŀ佱һ䡣
СʦóޣݲԵã꣬Ҫ֪ƱǿǰаǺţҶܳӦսѡͷڹ꣬ҿ𣡶˵һʵ˴룬Ƕֹ۹ƣ˵аѾȫΪˡ
ʦ֣Ҫ˵а۳˷ˣҷеԾԾԵĸо
׾ʵΪʲô
룬֮ǰаͷ󰡣ĵһ֣˶޵ˣҪΪ˵ĻսҾǻܻĵһֵˣǶüӴ˾üˣ˵̲סմմϲ
·Ѿ뵽ڶͬǰܳĳ档
׾Цһʦ֣ҪܻаۣҲܣ㻹øս
ԶԶԣӦþȥսʱʦǻĵһŮ֣ʮֱ׵Ĵ
׾ʮãҲ󣬸Ŵʦãѧ츳ߵģܷϵаۿ϶ɣĻǵǺϣа
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׾˵а۾ث֣ͻȻоǰӹһɾ硣
ž
һ죬ɽϴ
׾оϻհۣŭ𾪵Ŀǰ档
һƵˣȻǸġƷľɫŮ
°׾ŭ֮⣬ȼܶʻ
˭ȻҴ
ݺͷҲһŭӹȥ
İʦõ֮ȫˡ
ƯŮ
ƷŮȣʦüֱǡȦġ
û׾һƵģ顣
аۣô򣡡ʵˣų׾ơ
ľͺһúЩСɫƽϡ
άһƽĿš
ɽϵοͣ߷ͻҲ׷עĿ
ֻ¼ܣ׼΢
Ӵԭа۵Բз۰ô˵аث֣ѵ˵ˣ˼Ҷ孽ʥǻѧͷˣаۻҳӦսثʲô׾귢ڴֱ֮
ŭĲ˭˵а۲ģа۽׼ʱӭսڣԭһģʱȫɴ۾￴ˣ
ûеõͬ⣬˵վߵģаۡ
˵׾귴ЦΪ˭а۵ĴаԼû㻹Ҹ㣬ˣһƣҪʮƣʦ֡ʦ֣Ұס
꣬һ¡̼鳤Ưԭʦñ֮ı⣬Դ΢Ц˵λŮǲǹ˵аۻֻаһֱûӦսʵһʱ嶯Ҳ⣬ɣʦõǸǳԶٷͽ⣬¾ˡ
׾һʱݺݵĵ˷һۡ
ȴǼװû
˿ǣüͳ˵ݣһƷŮݵӦòʲô⡣
ʱͲ쵱ʦð׾ˡ
Ƥûֻ̺İʦСһ
ֻҪǸа۵ǸղһġһҲ˺ɫ
÷ϵЦ˲佩Ӳ
ŮǿǶüͳˣ֪üڻͳѧʲôλ𣿡ݹڳ̬ȡע⣬ྣӢ磬߼ıͣϣʲô




1510¡󵨵뷨
 

Ҳʲôˣ֮ȸа۵Ǹ䣬ܷ̻Ƕݣ˿ӡ
ΪʦΡͽܣԹѧ֪һ
Сʱ򣬻ͳѧѾûˡ
ʲô֡䵱ü⣬ҵ֯
ΪһգԴ˺ǲܡ
ݱ֮ǿ֡
£ݺͷϵı鶼е㲻ÿ
ȻûƷŮԼô˵ݵˣҲиȡ
ȻһٲӣٸЦǾͲˡ
Ů㳤ȴа۵Բзۣ̫ϧˡ¶ϧ֮ɫȻ㲻ʦõǸǾͱǶ㲻
ʦ֣ˣŮĳٺÿôа۵ķ˿ûӣ
׾껰ճڣ˲ˡ
ֱ˴һƣ
سֵǳ
ƣ׾յϸüëŤˡ
Сţû뵽̩ɽһΣȻƣ
ҵڶƵˣǸӡ
֮ǰ˸ûΪĳһڸжûС
ǳһƣȴñݡ
ûȰ׾귢쭣˵һ侪׵ĻҾаۡ
ʲôݡ̺Ͱ׾һ֮ͬɫ
˵ĳԾɫʧˡ
ôһˣôаۣ
Сӣվվȣ˵аۣҿ֢Լа˰ɣ̼м˵ͬʱĦȭƣ׼֡
Ȼǲ˵ҲӦս̩ɽ͵ڣԭһյ
仰öݺͷ
ɫȻƶƺǾ⣬ġ
СϢ˵аˣǰѪɫ԰׵ȫԵϡ
ѵаۣ
׾ͻȻ뵽ʲôæóֻᣬһͼ˵аݡ
ֻǺǰ곤Ƕǣ׾꿴֮󲻸ȷ
ʦ֣Са۵ĻҲûʲôµģѾˣǡӿֳһʮִ󵨵뷨
̺Ͱ׾뵽һȥˡ
ǰСӲаۣǴҲʹˡ
˵аۣǴܵĻǰװ׼˸ˣ
ȥμӢ磬˾˵ǶüаۣǽǶô飡
ྣҪϯ
뵽˶һۣݿڵСӣӣаۣҾҲӦøˣͽзϵۣڸʲô𣬻̩ɽӭս孽ʥǶüɣʦܡ꣬ϣ
һ䣬һ𳯳ȥ׼ˡ
˵ĶǹмĻȡ
ЩͳѧˣûˣӶ˻ˡ
ȻΧ޴
޳Ө۽ëһգһ䣬ݡ̺Ͱ׾ѱһһƣ˸߻ء
ôֵĶû壬ʮֺȻֻĶӣһܻһ߽аۣμྣӢ磬ལ϶Ǳģ
Ӣ磿ûȤҡҡͷڶΧ߾̾Уɽߡ
һȺں֮ڵľۻᣬȻòμӡ
ǸྣʲôʵҲ֪
ྣԼɽսڣԭһġ
ʱͿԼˡ
ҹ̩ɽϴ
ҵλøվԱֲǡ
գճļѪɫתһЩ
黹ǿó壬ָֻɡ
һ˵ѪǿҲΥȻɡ
Ҫһѭ򽥽Ĺ̡
ûͻƣѪָҪһڵʱ䣬Ǹı䲻˵ġ
ܵġ
һڣԭһĵսУͻƲأ
ҪڣԭһĵĽ£
ŵǵֻš
ڣԭһѽ뻪ľڣ̩ɽ
ԭڣԭһֳ֣ᱻ뾳
Ƹ뾳飬֯άָġ
һΣ֯Ĭûֹڣԭһ뾳鿴е⡣
ͬʱյϢģ̩ɽ£׼ྣ
ܺãڣԭһϹ뾳ˣμϯ˶𣿡
ྣʵ
ˣ͵ʱһ硣
ྣڵӢ磬ʱ䣬ڣԭһĵŵ̩ɽ
ϯôһȺͳѧɽ֤ߡ
ʮྣƱϯϵٱ˵ȺܸлλμĳӢ磬ĳز̩ɽ֮ۻܶ孽ʥڣԭһģһƣλӢۺܹ




1511¡Ӣ硱
 

һȺɱÿ϶˷ܺڴ
Щڼѧͳ˵ߣʵһֱһԹǾǾԼִˡ
żһ£ĸƵҲᱻͨƲ𣬵Ц
нٵġ
ȻЩͳѧߣʵˮƽȷʵһ㣬ȴϲԼ죬⼸һԴܵߣսͳˡǴ仨ˮ
ҲǴʱʼͳѧ˳׵Ц
ʦϣں׵ˣϴԼ
ЩʦҲмνѧ
統ЦȦ˿𣬴ͳѧûԹǲܵġ
һֱڻ͵ȴһüʱ
Լɽͳ˵ྣճѸپ£ǧ˿ʱǿϣ
ྣӢ磬ֳ֤ڣԭһĵһսǴͳѧ¸˵ʱ
ֻҪྣڣԭһģЩͳѧĴˣݵλҲˮǴߡ
ʱ򿴿˭Ҵǵļ١
üĴݡ̺Ͱ׾꣬Ҳϯ֮ϡ
ֻǱһƣûףͱ˾ƣδеΡ
ͬʱ˶ʡ
˶óϵˣȫԹ֮ɫ
ʱྣһȦֿʼˣλͬ΢ʢаһ£Ƕ֪ˡ
ҸеźҲʧǣа۽첢ûе硣
˵ྣ˶٣뿴˵ķӦ
Ȼһ䣬˱׷ױġаۣ˵а۵С£ĸ־Ͳˡ
ྣЩۣķǳ⣬ڰʾ˰ֵԭҺܾаۣÿаٹΧˡܶඥֵĹ¼ҶѪڡԼ
ӡУаӦǻһһĸӢۡ
ڣԭһԼս֮аһֱûվ̬Ҳ⡣
Ϊд˵аڸսˣڵûлӦڣԭһпԭ
ǣʧģаΪǵͬȴӢ綼μӣ
ⲻǲĳӣǲλӢۺӰ
ྣⷬ˵ÿźʹ֮ɫ
ķԸȾڳˣһȺͳѧߵüа۵ĳҲԽԽˡ
жס
׾껹ֱֻʮպ󣬶Ļһŭ
ĳֱƽ̨ʮ˹עһСŮҪɫͶüѧͳ˵ͷٹڡ
׾аùѪͷķ˿Ҳ
а۸ˣ˼ҵμӢ綼˼ˣ׾һһߴϿǻ
ӣ˿ͬġ
ʲôаۻҴǾꣿ˵ˣǼֱˣ
ǰܳаۣû뵽ˣޣ
ޣҸʮ
Ļ׾żһ˿Цݡ
صᣬһ֮ྣ΢Ȼа۲ӣҲҪĳ˵ֱˣ
֪ڳкܶͬڿֱҲǰ˵Ļֱȥ
ྣͷˣа۾һ˻ͷڹ꣬ƻѧһˣ
ལúãֳһƬкã׶
ǰ׾ֱ䣬ˢһƬ666ĵĻ
꣬ϽͷתྣǱߣǿལ
׾˳ŷ˿Ըֻͷתྣ
ֻྣ˵Ȼа۲ӭսǾྣӭսڣԭϹ
ѧ磬ྣػ
ã
һƬ
ྣıһһѱɢâĿ
ɽ֮ˮ뽣þûѪˣ
գλԺúȺãڣԭһһλɽڣԭϹʶһ£ǻĵѧ
˱ྣǣʼȾơڳ⡣
ʱݡ̺Ͱ׾߹ྣơ
ʦ֣ʦ֣ʦãǵôˣྣʵ
ߵĵߣҹ̩ɽһԳа۵ӣޱȣһԲϾͶִˣ⧲֮£ˣһǸӾаۣ
Ŷд£ྣԸӾ棬аǸһ̩ɽ
ϸ˵˵ӳô
ʦ֣Ӽ԰ףʮκаƬǳǲŻаۡ׾˵ʱԼ˵գֿʼװ
ྣ׾ô˵ͬʱӿһǾϲɻ




1512¡ɽ
 

֮ྣĵһӦǾϲΪϣаˡ
ֻҪа۴۷䣬ڵһҲû˺һϸˡ
µĸֳ֣ӪԼĻûС
ʱһʵǿ˲һˣӪԼˡ
ྣߵľӪལŵķ
ᣬ˭Ա˳ŵ޿ΪʲôµһͷѪ
ųϽ׬ǮҪ¡
ҵʱﵽ۷壬Ҳ˳µıΪѧһˡ
ȻྣԼʵҲ㹻š
ڣԭһĶ򲻹̸ʲôӪȫġ
ֻྣǳɻǣаˣΪʲô̩ɽ
ѵаΪ״̬Լսʤڣԭһģ
ྣܿ²⡣
Ȼ֪ڣԭһʲôˮƽڣԭһĳ꣬սԺգûаٳɷ֣ŵ̨϶Ƕ֡
״̬аۣܴӮڣԭһġ
벻ͨа۵ͼྣ˼ݡ̺Ͱ׾ˣʵǸˣ˵ʲô𣿡
˵ԼɽӦսڣԭһġ̻ش
ྣһ䣬ļȫȷüĺܾܿаۡ
ߣ˳ӣɽǻѧྣͲаۻʲôơ
ȫ粩ʹ˾Ķˣ˵ȫаӮҲӡ֤а˵Ĵԡ
ʹ˾ǧĿ͵Ͷע漰ʽϲܷ
ྣϣֵаۡ
ĻͿ԰аۺͶ孽ʥһʰˡ
νһ˫
Ļĵһ֣ʮ孵һλӵڣԭһģǸǶô䶯飡
뵽ྣ˷ܵ⡣
ʦ֣а۽ɽĻһҪΪǱ𣡡ҧгݵĵ
ྣڴӦȻû⣬ǺǶüԹһңǵ¾ĳ£ĺˡ
ллʦ֣׾꽿ǵ
СʱڳʵУȾƵȵ࣬·ʲôϲ¡
ʱˣྣһͬɽ
˵ĶƺƵ̩ɽɽϵο;̾Χۡ
ͨ˵ʲôѧ磬ǲ̫עġ
󲿷˵βǵһλ
ܶҳúӷ٣ӳΣע̩ɽķ羰Լúøġ
ǳԺ֣գݵİŮŮڴżһõİ顣
ʲôѧ֮Ķ˵ֻ֣ġ
ֻ⼸ϴ÷зʲô孽ʥԼսа̩ɽۣ֮ʲôа۲ӦսüʦྣսӢ硣
οǵȤǳ˹ͷ羰֮⣬Ҳ뿴ϴ컨׹书֣ǲġ
ڿһȺɽοæֻշȦ
ྣɽˣ
ɽˣ
һȺʲô䵱üἳ֣
ྣж֡Ƶȷʽֱͬ
ǹעȻͷﵽһµĸ߶ȡ
ྣĿĴһһ΢ЦźοǴк
ҲѧûչԼ
쵽ɽʱ򣬸ڶοͣԱ
ྣѾ̩ɽĸ˴кˡ
˿ȥοͲС
Ϊྣ뱣ظк͸˷緶
ʱĸ࣬սʤڣԭһĵƵļŵȥС
Ҳ˲οͳΣգɵΡ
̩ɽۣ֮ʶѱ
ྣ󣬸ҫеΰͣ׳־
Ƕѧһ˵ӣڽ죡
Թ̩ɽ嶥ۻʷ֮ء
ྣѡ̩ɽսص㣬ǳӦ
ڣԭһѻĵĵһɽ͵һͬʱڽ£ֺγͬ뷨
ȥаۺڣԭһûɽྣԸ
ǣ
һֱעɽˡ
ʶͨߵɽο޼
Ժ׿аۺڣԭһûɽ
˰СʱӰӶûš
߶е㲻ͷˡ
аǼһ治ˣ
а۲Ǻ𣿵ڣԭһϹô󣬵ڻû֣ΪԼ˭
ҿڣԭһ˵ལƵҲɽˣལпܲսʤŶ
ۣྣеû
ҪףҪ۷壬ҪʯҪ˵ĳС
аûڣԭһҲûǰ׻ǮӢˣ




1513¡һܴĶû
 

Ϊ˽һսྣ˴ǮӪơ
ˮһգ˵ʧǳء
ྣɫ΢Щˡ
ʵʼգܳڣԭһģû
ԼԣҪаӦս孽ʥһơ
Լսûʼྣͱ񵱳аۡ孽ʥƽƽ
ʵ濼ྣһȦɵսûС
ȫԼƵڶ˿Ĵꡣ
аۺڣԭһĶû֣ྣһֱĸо
Լúң˼Ҹ㰡
ྣļＫ޵ʱɽͻȻһɧ
쿴ǸͷǲڣԭһģǷ׷ָ֣һ
ྣǸȥһݡ
ϼڣԭһĵƬɽͷ߰˷
Ƭϵһʦ緶ȣɽϵǸͷôһɷأ
ͷ׷ԲԣһưӭƮصĶ孽һȥľʽʡ
Ȼһַ豹ĸоྣܾͷƬʴͬ
˵ڣԭһıչʮ꣬ͻ¾磬ѵʶԸı䣿
ལڣԭϹһɽ
ߣϹĿˣôӢۺܷˣ
Ǳ˵Ϲȥ·ôòչرյʵ󽵰ɣ
ɽϵߣڣԭһɽ̵ӣȫûɶѧһ֡
ݡ̺Ͱ׾꣬һԼϣҲܴͷ뷨
ྣڣԭһӻûɽнʧ֮ɫ
Ϲıչʧܡʵ󽵣ֻΪӱصĻô岻ˡ
ȻǼˣྣǾòþ
ʵȻʵУǵжȷʵ޵
ΪྣڣԭһĻֵһ˿ɷһ֡ʦӡ
ô꣬ľѷ豹棬Ӧûɷʹͽܡ
ֹ֮ڣԭһߵʶ
̩ɽǻĵһɽϧûƬأź
ڣԭһɽĵһ仰ͼ˵ŭ
Ƕʷǻصʹ
ڣԭһΪˣһͽ˰̣ĸܲŭ
ڣԭϹ̫ķŹƨģǵСܹģ
ǣ㻹ᵱ£ǲΪܣΪˣ
޳͵űལһնɱɣ
߷׷ŭ
ڣԭһĵɫȴһ˿仯ڳߣʶⲽͷ羰֪˻Ϊһο͡
ྣĿ⣬ڣԭһĵĲĶԽĿԽ䡣
ڣԭһɽ֮ûһۡ
ྣıĸоԽԽء
ѵ⼸ôƴϹһҲں
˵ںˣӣȫǲʶ
ڣԭһģѡǻĵһɽΪԼսص㣬е۹⣬ϧ̩ɽۣ֮֮أྣŭ𣬳
仰˵꣬ڣԭһĻûۿ
Ŀڹ͵쾡¡
ߵӷŭˡ
ལϹϻʲôʶһǻĵĽɣ
ྣˮ뽣ȻߵڣԭһǰסڣԭһĿ羰ߡ
ڣԭһ΢΢𷢰׵˫ü
ڣԭһģųƶ孽ʥѧһ֣˵ǽྣ˫סˮ뽣ʱ׼ʡ
ڣԭһҡҡͷڿˣȴֻм̵֣û
ߣªţ
ྣΪһӣڼ
ڣԭϹչ̫ÿɲʲô£ʱѾȥˣգҽսĽʥţ
Ϊ˽һսྣЩûʵ˵ǡ
ΪڣԭһĻᱻս⣬û뵽˵꣬ڣԭһĻһûµӡ
ֻڣԭһâĿ⣬ɨྣɨྣߡ
Ц˵һܴĶûС
˵ʲô仰ŭֵﵽ˶㡣
ྣû֣Ǻ޲ֺ̳ݺݽѵͷһ١
ڣԭһļмߣһһˣò׳˸аۣϷԼսҽӣɱ̾
ڣԭϹ˵˼󣬹ȻˣྣһЦǰˣаҲǻѧһǶѣʱǴͳѧҼྣھǽڶʮ˵ţս㶫孽ʥ
㣿񡣡
ڣԭһҡҡͷ
аϷһս
һٱڣԭһӣྣŭڳױʸеˮ뽣




1514¡
 

ྣ׼ֵʱͻȻ֣ڣԭһĵתһ򣬲ұһ˿仯
ྣڣԭһĵĿ⿴ȥֻһվɽʯϣһŮ
ǳ顣
ʵǴʶһߵɽġ
ֻ̩ɽգʯᾣڵ˳Ӱ
ɽʱûˡ
ʦ֣ǵľˣݵѿڶ
ɽУѾ֪иԳа۵꣬Ѷü˸ˡ
ԭǰɫ԰׵ˡ
˶ܺ棬ôһôù֣
ǸߵŮӣҲýεεģƤۣȫߡ
ʵΪ֮󣬲ͨĥӲˣǰļӽʧƤԽԽãʮˮ顣
ĳ֣˵עڣԭһǱתƹ
ྣĿĿʵаۣ
³֣ڣԭһ˵Ҫ̡
ྣðһŭ
ôЩνĶ֣һһװƣ
ѵһ磿
ұ׷ԲԵͷڣԭһģȥûиַ緶
˭һۿڵĳսȲһֻ졣
˵Ӧսǿĸˡ
аۣã
ڣԭһĺͳʲô״̬˵ྣԤڡ
սʤаۡ孽ʥϢȥԾ䶯
Ҫһ㣬ΪʲôûμҵӢ磿ྣ仰ȫһʵ
ĻشʨӻȥμҰľ۲𣿡
㣡ྣ˲˫Ŀ𣬡ڵһҰ磬ҰԼʨӣ
ҿ⸱ӣҲûʸڣԭһĴˣѧҫ
Ŷ
ں̬ȣڣԭһеһƴ
˶ֵȵȣ˵ʲôʲôţ
ʻྣݶҧˡ
ڣԭһҲˣνаۣȻʲôݶ֪
ߵ飬̲ס¶ݸɫ
֪ǹʵģԳļԣྣ˭ǡ
аۣˣ˴ྣǽڶʮˣаɱȵģྣݺݶ
ŶԭྣУڣԭһĴɡ˫ֱأһϹ۵ӡ
ྣ㱻Ѫ
ô仰˵ģڣԭһóһ
ܺãʰڣԭϹٰѧһ˵ͷժ
ྣưνڣԭһͻȻڵаۣңǾʹشˡ
ǺǣΪСһЩУмЦˣĵĸӣѾȥ㱱ˣҿǰû˰ɣ
仰ڣԭһϵɷȻ
ŵñ쳣ŭྣŭ⡣
ڣԭһĵɷʵ̫ˣ
֪մȾ˶ǿߵѪ˿µɷ
аۣҽɱ֮󣬱ɨȫ֣ǻĳΪѧĮ
ڣԭһ䣬ӻĸ
رǵۿ֮󣬾;û֡
ĵһǿа۶۷岻ˣʣʲôʦ֮ﶼ߹
ɨѧ磬ҲڣԭһĴУ˸֮һĿġ
а۰Ƕ孴붥Ҫѧ硣
һϵġ
ڣԭһмǿţΪغԼһ˾ܹѧ硣
ڣԭһľȻûĳΪѧĮȺ鼤ߣøס
һ˸ǰ֡
ʦ֣ϰϹ̫ţ
ྣԭڣԭһĵסǿڣԭһĴӣаδֻҪϹնаۣѧ磬Ϊ
صĴ̼£һ죬ˮ뽣ྣ˳
һһѱڳʣâྣ
ţڣԭһһͬ¶֮ɫ
˶ûи߹ྣʵˮ뽣ȴǴĲ򵥡
ڣԭһĻûпŵӵ͸ͫȴˮ뽣ϵһ
Ũˮͻֱ̺֮С
ǵɽǽǿĽڣԭϹúÿŰɣ
ྣν֮͵˼㡣
Ϊóڣԭһĺа۶ıסˡ
͸ղŶĲмһˣγԱȡ
ôλֵʵҲͿɼһߡ
Դ˿̿ʼྣҲûκμɵ
˫ʳָ쵽һѪ֮ϣâ˲ǣ




1515¡һ
 


ûͨ͸ͫɽɽˮ뽣Ϊһķ
ྣľٶóԷͬѰ
ǰЩȫͬ
ྣˮ뽣˵ʷƳ
ǧ֮ǰɽûʲôߣǵ˵֮ء
λ˵ԽԽɽ˹
λػûпЩͨˣһЩϰ
ֻϾ󲿷˶û츳οǹʱ򣬷Բ
νĸ䣬ִỹˣǸ˵ļҾһܲ
޵˵ĽҲܹͨѧġ
ֻѧὣеĻУλ޵˱㽫зֳΪǽ
޵ͻһ̺ˮıѧˡ
ñѪԺֻ˺ǵĺʹˮ뽣
һ࣬ྣȡ
ǽִûʲôˣྣһʣһˡ
ྣҲֻѧһЩƤëѪͳܹԷ֮ʹˮ뽣Զط
֪ˮ뽣ĵʣȴóԷӦֻྣһʹá
ྣϵˮ뽣âǣսȫסˡ
ֲЩȥɽݷྣ˵ྣĽƵĸ𺳡
ԭΪˮ뽣
ྣƵʱֻ񿴹ˮ뽣ȴûԱ䡣
Ϊʹˮ뽣ҪľѪ
ͿͨѪҺͬڵľѪ޵ġ
һ̫࣬ͻѸ
ྣˮ뽣ʳѪӹһĨİɫ
иֵɫӶ˫ڣԭһϺݺն䣡
ڣԭһĵƣǶ孵һȻҲһ
óྣϵˮ뽣ͬģ
ྣֱֳȴ̫ˣ
ڣԭһĿٳ
мγƣྣս
һ׾ٵĶྣն
ôұʾˣྣЦ
Լ֮ǰ̫߹ڣԭһϹˡ
ˮ뽣֮󣬾Ȼһζ㡣
νĻᶼûС
ʲô孽ʥǿߣֱǹƨ
˼ྣԽսԽ£ڣԭһıƵ޷֣ྣӮˣ
ֻгһϧ
֮˵ϧΪྣ̫ˣȫ䲻ˮ뽣
ˮ뽣ֻྣһãֻ˵Ǳ
ֳôսߣֻó˵Ŀϧʲô˼
һߣ׾̲סмаۣװɣྣڣ
쿴ڣԭϹˣͻȻļ
׾һ֮£ֻڣԭһľȻǰѴľʣྣˣ
ྣ߰˲֮ɫ
Ϲɸݣ꣬ôô
ˮ뽣նľ֮ϣȻֻһϸ΢ۼĻۡ
ྣȫ޷ܡ
ǻĽˮƽڣԭһдʧ
֮һֱ뿴ྣȫС
֮ʧˡ
Ϊ֣ڣԭһĵȻóྣ׽г֮⡣
Ҳ˶ѡ
ྣ׽мֱײͣ
ڣԭһտȥԽྣ
ڣԭһ裬ྣŭĿ磬ɴ۾ȵϹ㵹ǰνҿǰѶ孵һܲܵסҵˮ뽣
㣬ҳڣԭһĮȻ
ྣ仰ŭըѣս˫ٶȳ
ڣԭһޱҡҡͷнƽƽǰ
أ
ྣвæӽ񵲣ȴûѣ˫֣ڿлһߣȻˤڵء
ˮ뽣һԣâ
һûаνһɱǽྣ
ߣȫɵˡ
˭Ҳ޷ʵ
Ǽȫϣྣ⧲Ĵܡ
ྣڵӣվûˡ
ҾྣսΣ
ڣԭһĵƾһྣ
˵аԾޱȵıνûóأ
Ϸ˵ʲôǽˣǷ
Ľˡ
ѧ磬˿ɵϷ򡣡
ǻ
ڣԭһ̺ɱɨȥȫԾͷ­
ʵ̫ˣ
ڣԭһ裬ȴȫ޷
ڵϵྣǺ޲Ҹطȥ
΢ϴԲѵķ׳˭˵ˣ
ȴڣԭһһѽɱ
ǽͳˣʲôȥڣ
ʲôǶѧ֮۵Σ˲顣




1516¡޳
 

ڣԭһʣڳк߲ܶ
ǲҲֻܱţ
ӵбྣڣԭһˣȥûʲô
ڣԭһϵЩں֮ڣûһ˸Ӧ
գĿϡ
аֵۣˣ
ڣԭϹȰ㻰Ҫ˵̫硣ȻһĲԻ˱ʲôྣ֮ķɴǻѧ硣
仰һڣԭһĻû˵ʲôྣȴһѪ
аۣԼˣԲѣྣٲУʰһ˻Ǵ´ģ
ڵϵྣֻ˾Сһǵ˻ѧ
㻹ʰаأվ𣿡鲻ļ
ྣʵɫͨ죬վôܻһֱڵôǱ
һ߿ţֱ
͵͵óֻ档
ģʥǰһྣķڷȦı䣬ôȥûҪϣλһǻѧ棡
ྣ޳ܵĻ̸ıĿ
ǰڿ˼Ϲھǽʥǰˡ
ྣߵ磬Ӯڣԭһģ϶ȴ˵ûҪȥʵΪ˻ѧ棬ΪԼӡ
ྣô棬͵͵ֻ㡣
ڣԭһģٿྣһۣ˿˵УֻжԷ
ȻڣԭһĿ۷岻ٵаۣྣҲûʲô
Ȼûаνʵ
аۣϷԭǳڴһս
ֻϧʵ»֮Ѿûʸҳˡ
ģӴӡ
Цѵҵʵôװʲô
ߣֻҳǰȥ̽̽ʵûʵֵز
ڣԭһĵǳм
аۣһͨüˣֻ˵ʵû
Ķ֣һ磬ߵ˴⣬ܸӦ
аۣƾĸӦûԼ۷״̬㣬ȻϷ֡
ڣԭһⷬһЦΪ孰һǿߣǰõ̽ʵĵӻҲıȴѵһɶʲô˵ˣôһ㶼޳ô
ţ˼ڣԭһ˰üеŭֻһ
аۣ㻹̫ˡ
ǻһϻ֪֪ˡս̽ʵкβף
ȻñҵıϷҲʤ֮䡣
ɣҸʱ䣬״̬پս̩ɽۣ֮
ڳߣû뵽ڣԭһľȻԸаʱ䡣
а⸱ӣʱָܻ٣
ԽԽϹ޳ܣͲڣԭһĲ֪ӵļı
ӵĶһһޱȣһ˵˳еһ
˰Ʋ⣬ڣԭһĿ϶Ҳ֪Ҫָ۷״̬һʱ䡣
ڣԭһĸʱָϿǳȣǿ߷緶ʵϹ֪ڻָˣŻ˵
޳Ϲ֪аʱָˣͱװˣ̲סڣ
ڣԭһԿһۣûǴһ˿͵ɫŮ޶츳⼸ٸǿö࣬ɱаۣΪͽض季ֲʧȥŵӵʧ
ΰɣһ졣
ʱڰ֣ʾ鲻øڣԭһĶ˵ϻ
纮ǰ㿴ڣԭһģҲҪʱָνɣ
аۣ޴ϷҲǶ孵һ۸㣬ڵ㣬ϷĽ綼ֵסڣԭһİȻ
ȷʵӵаٷ֮ٵš
¼ʵ飬Ȼ֪ġ
һ֪˿ʵָˮ׼Ҫȫָһʱ䡣
۷״̬ڣԭһĿɲóȻ뻪ģԼս
Ϊ孰һ֣ްܼΪްյ̡
ڵаۣǿ϶Ǳذɣ
ڣԭϹ㲻νɱң
һ䣬۵糸Ȼ۵ڣԭһǰ
ڣԭһĵԤǳǿ󣬳һ͸Ӧˡ
ٶȡ֮ľ붼÷ǳ׼
ָһɲǼƽؾ磬·һ˲ըѿ
ǿĽƣó˫ͫıΣյâ״




1517¡̫
 

Լ̽ԳڣԭһĵʵԱ֮ǰȫ֣Ҫֲ
ʵϣûرȷĸּ𻮷֡
ڻѧ磬ʲôʦʵǹ߰ھ黮ġ
ǳȦӣ־绮־Ͳͨˡ
ҲǣֶֻΪ֪
ά֡׹ܲţһ򵥻ߡߣʵҲֻǻԼĶ塣
άְڣԭһĻֵļȥʵάֲ֪ڣԭһĵľ徳磬Ѿʲôˮƽ
άֻѳҲΪļߣȻ۷ˮƽԶֹļߡ
ֻĳָֻʵҪȫʢ״̬ڣԭһһսȷʵ̫ˣ
ڣԭһָΪһͱƵóòȥ
һĻһŷ̾
óڵĳڣԭһĵʵɲС
Ҿڣԭһγչֳʵ۷״̬ĳҲս
Ҿ֪ʥǰ޵Уаۣʥǰһָ綼סأϿʥǰİɣྣһԵĵϴЦ
ȫˡ
ڣԭһչֳģѧ
֮ȣǶòϣԼǾ֮ܡ
˸֣ƥУ
а۱˺ȫˡ
ĴͳѧѾû䣬ٱڣԭһɨһΣҲûʲôϵ
ڣԭһ˸߰ӦòмֲŶԡ
뵽ݡ̺Ͱ׾ǶԸеҡ
ĻϣڣԭһĺݺݽѵǱĳ
ȥվκɫӲ԰ס
ڣԭһĵѹȸУʵ̫ǿ̫ǿ
ԽˣսԽǸ߰
ϣڣԭһʵԽǿԽã
ܴ޴ѹͻơ
һȣ˫ƻڣԭһĳȥ

ڣԭһļ˫ƹЮ棬Ϊǻ
һָΪ쮣ͬ񺿣
¡һֶƴһǣвˣ
Ǻ֮ǰһٴα˳ȥر˸Զòײվ԰׵ɫͻȻӹһĨȻ졣
ţоһһѪ
û°ɣһŷ˲ᵽɤۡ
ǳģڣԭһһˡ
Ļ򲻹ܵĻᶼûˣ
û¡ȷʵˣ֮С
ֻʵͺڣԭһ޴
壬ѱɱˣĻվסֻһ˿Ѫ
ڳı֣ڣԭһ΢΢졣
Ϊڶо˳û뵽ġͬѰȻסĽơ
ּʤУֺ޽ۼƾƣͿӲѹ֡
ԾǿĽлڣԭһĲòϣΪĻĵһ֣а۹Ȼˮƽġ
Ϊֹˡ
ڣԭһĵγУ֡
оͻȻסʡ
аۣȻ㲻ʸҳȻУǾʶϷɣ
ڣԭһĴ˻һȻըͷ裬һʿҲǹĵϢ
˭ó孽ʥƣ
һ㲻ʣҲض춯أ
ڣԭһ׼ȻˣľǰδеĿ״̬
ྣˮ뽣һá
˵ţߵྣԱߣ˫Ա
ʵͿط
ȻãǱϵˮ˵Ǻö
аۣǰ׳ǵˮ뽣ֻһãҲûãྣּĵ
³ȻĽҪˮ뽣ڣԭһĵĽУ±Ϳˡ
˭˵Ҫǵģ΢΢ͻȻ佫ע֮ϡ
һһˮ뽣ԭɢĵ⣬Ѹʧ
ʲôס֣
ྣǳ׵ĻˣȻ׳ʲô϶ı޷Ԥ𺦡
ྣԼٶȣձϵ
ˮ뽣ǣҲãྣϸǱ˳Ľ˱ϵŨ
·һҩһɫû֮ǰҰˡ
аֶۣιȻаֻҸһᣬɣڵܲܵסϷ򲻳ʵն
ڣԭһƵĹһֱûг֣ȳ걦
ֶǺܼįģôͰѳɱˣĻ֮лʲô˼




1518¡֮ض
 

תȫûκαȫ˫֮ϡ
ڣԭһƽٽʣָ
һ̣ͬ϶ְ㣬ǳĬһ֣ͬ
ǿĽնײ̩ɽʶһ˻
ǿƿ˺ѵ
ɽϵοͣȻս棬ȫս𺳵Ŀɿڴ
ȫ󲻵ʶϾʲôΡ
ܶ˻ΪྣںڣԭһĽսء
йעˣ϶֣ᷢྣڣԭһɱϢѾ΢ȥˡ
ྣڵϷǳǱƬҲܶ˿
һ߹սһ׼΢ྣ߲ѡߡ
մ΢ͷԼ˼˿
һƬ׷孽ʥһɱĵ
ྣЩǰʧҲŤˡ
˶һڣԭһĻվԭأˣֻǰľ϶һǳǳѺۡ
һߣа۱֮ǰվλ˺ʮףȫѪһѪˣ
龪г
ز˭óıڣԭһˡ
ˮĳʵڣԭһԶ
һʤս
ͷѪʶһģ
ֹ׼顣
Ϊʲô㲻ҵģָ̩ɽأĻģи־Ө⡣
ȰһܺӦսڣԭһˡ
ǳûвĽ顣
ɳգӷе㲻С
һ£Ѿıѵ᲻ڣԭһģ٣
ԾӦսڣԭһҲһ֮
Ҳ˭֪ڣԭһϹΪ˸𣬻᲻֡
Գݱܷâѡֱ̩ɽ
Ӹ֮е򣬾֮ض
ʱںױ֮ʣ԰ŷѨסȫ
񣬳ǴڣԭһľսԼٴΣҵڤڤеһ˿Դͻơ
ǱűľĸԼģ
ԱڣԭһĴˣȻڳ֮ڡ
˶Ϊʱᵹվñ̩ɽչ۷廹Ҫֱ
ڣԭһļԼһûɱɫڲ֮ǰĮˡ
аۣ͵Ķ֡
ǵûƬأΪкܶ˰ɡ
ϷԸߵľ⡣
ϧһѧҲҪŵˣ
֮վįѩ
ˣаۣ
ڣԭһĸ̾˵ִⷬĴָס·΢΢һС
һ˲֮䣬ҫʶ
սˣ۾
˾̩ɽΪȵģɽ֮ϡ
Ƭصĺ⣬ȴʶȻ½ʮȣ
ֻоϮ壬е˻̲ס˸
ߣȫ¶𺳾֮ɫ
ڣԭһеĽУ¶һСڣƣ
׳ʣֻʲô
ȫ룬ѾϮɪɪ
ڣԭһĵĽ⣡
ɱɷĽ⣬ʶٸˮƽµߣȫѹƵ޷ֻɪɪ
Ҳǿ򶨡
ڳԽѹˡ
ڣԭһĵĽ⣬оųרȥġ
ղű֮󣬳ʵ½һɶûС
ǿֲĽ⣬оԼʱʱ̣̿ڱǧС
Ȼֻڣԭһǿɵþ
Ҳǳ־Զˣܿ
෴Խܽѹȣǹɲս֮ȴԽԽ
֫ٺȳҪ˷ܣͬ󽭴Ӱ㱼ϧ
ˣͿͻˣ
ֻҪһţ
ͻȻһЦװȻڣԭһģɣ
аۣ㲻Ҫᡣ
ڵʵԭֵϷ
Ϸֻǿܽжķϣһ߼ⳡΪᣡ
ƽʱܹϷʵ֮£аۣҲֻ˶ѣ
ڣԭһһ仰˵ú졣
ƽԺ֮£δһܣôֵֻ֣γƽ
᣿΢΢һ漴ЦǸ֣ⳡᣬ͸Լɣ
аۣ̫ˣ
ʧȥʱ

৵һڣԭһڰѶ孵һư˳
ٱǧըʶͬһ貽ꡣ
սǣȫ˲һմ״
ﻹǽʥǳ֮Ϊ񶼲Ϊ
һֱóȫ쭳һ˿˿Ѫ
Ȼ




1519¡Ұı
 

νԭֻǶֽеһ֡
ȴڣԭһķ󣬲۷塣
˵Уνǿʽǵһаνն
Ҳ˵ʣ²һʵĳԶ孽ʥǿʽ
ڣԭһõĻǶ孵һƣ
ͳ飬ڣԭһİνһ˲䣬ѾӦϢˡ
ɲǼʧȥѪɫĵӿ޾ʹ;
鲻ųȴòʵ
ڣԭһĻδУѱɱ
·Ѫ˰ĳվԭأȴûΪһˡ
аۣ־ǿ֮ʵ࣬޷Ĩƽģ
ն
ڣԭһľ˫İνնЮƵĻͻͽ϶ն䡣
һ·أ
ȴܶܡ
ʱ·һ̶
һֹס
ѵİˣվ̩ɽ֮
Ȼ׳ϾҪ
ƵĽ⳹ס
ûٿӰˡ
˭˿̶ֻһͷǾǳض⽣֮ڡ
Ȼһ̣˼һĻˣ
ֳĽ⣬ͻȻҲ·һڲϷ
ţǿӽбŷǰѴ͸ؽ⣡
ڣԭһĵǿն֮Уͻƣ
Сɣ̤ɾ磡
Σĸ򣬼ǧҽƽһǿеǿʽ֮£֮٣
ͻСɣŹȥã
֮󣬳ٴͻƣ
ֱ̫ˣ
ȻҲ֮־йء
һʿа취
رһ״̬ʱڣԭһǿжսҲֻгг֮¡
ɣС
֮٣ͻҲڱȻ
ڣԭһĵǿնͻƣסĽ⣬еĳһѪѱɾ
˲ŵĿһ̵ĳȫΪԼ۾˻þ
Ϊ̶̼ڣ͸ղһȣ·ȫһƵġ
ֻͬӤ˫貣ﻹ֮ǰǸ԰׵ʱȥĲӣ
ڣԭһɵˣȫʧˡ
ÿһ˺ۣѻָ
ܣڣԭһĵһ¶֮ɫ
ܹǿնлѾúܲ˼顣
ǳǵˡҲȫʧѵѾص۷״̬
Ψһˣ֪ͻƣµľ磬岻ص۷״̬ʵһ̨ס
λŮڻΪϲ
аۣʲôֶΣعⷵգ
ڣԭһϣû˽Ķ֡
ǳͻȻָ糣ֶΣʵ̫аš̫ˡ
һθܵԼ֪⵽ǿս
΢΢һЦعⷵգڣԭһģĻĳѧòϧô˵ط
㲻ǻعⷵգΪͻȻָ壿ڣԭһʻʱ򣬲֪еյø
ΪܵԳľ޴ѹ
ѹȫǹƸǴѹȸС
ɵϵྣɫմ·һɵӡ
Ҳ֪а۸ղŻһҪӣôͻȻط۷ˣ
ΪһˣྣԺвĳһʣң
аֱֻ֣ÿˣ
ݡ̺Ͱ׾ǣҲྣ뷨
Ǳ𾪵öֻˡ
ڣԭһģΪ̽ҵĵףȫ̽𣿡
Ŷ澪ɲͷ΢΢һ˿м
һǧ̣ɲѧô򵥡
ܶණܹġ
Ļڣԭһǳ衣
ǰĸǶ࣬ѵˡ
ŸĽ뻪ģԼսаۡ
ǲ֪һݣǾ޷ߡ
ǳ޷Σ
Ƕǿʦʦڶǰնɱˣ
ֻǴԴڣԭһĲΪǡ
޷ߵ˽⣬δ˲ָ
޵У
аۣ޸Ӧֻһΰɣڣԭһĺܿ²⡣
ɳղŽǿն޸塣
Ҳֻܽ͵ͨ
ǶʦҲƵĽʱڼսֻֽһΡ
ʩʮֿ̡
ڣԭһĿɲû˶Գó
ףĽ̫ǿˣ
ֻһʱ⣬С˶ѡ
֮ͨڣԭһĳ֮ġ




1520¡û
 

ڣԭһ²⣬ϵϷ֮ˡ
ĵĵڣԭһܹġ
ڣԭһĲǽʦ޷ʦͬⲻˡ
ڣԭϹԣܱܲóڶΡ
˵ţȡ齣С
һԭа۾ȻҲýġ
ȴָ֪״̬аۣܴﵽʲôˮƽ
ߣŪڣԭһļóһľһȻ
ܳõʲôҪĻʹˡ
ǵˮ뽣ȷʵһԺý
ྣУȴͷͭûʲô
ڣԭһ֮ԶԳý˲мȻΪν޵С
ûܺĽˮƽᲢۣ
ڣԭһģô˳
ЦӦ
Ƕ孽ʹǻģʩչĽԵУ̸ΰŪҵ齣֪ʲôİŪ
˵仰㽫ͻƺһǿע齣֮С
ͬʱܹӦľƣ˻Ӧ
λӰЯ齣ڣԭһģ
ٶȱĳڣԭһ⧲
ش͹˳ٶȣֻƾ豾ܷӦһ
ϣ
նһ𣬽ŷ
ڣԭһ𾪵ķ֣޼᲻ݵƽȻնϳľ
˿𾪵ʱ䶼ֻж̶һ˲ΪĽԴԴϵն
Юǿķÿһܱڣԭһһ󲽡
ڣԭһĽνʩչ£ҲֻǿֵĽơ
ȫˣ
ղŻߵɽڣԭһģȴƵʮֲֻǱ
孵һһ֮ƺڿ鱯
⻹ڣԭһ𺧵ġ
ڵֵʱһһʽ
ĽУȥʮ⣬ȴ䊣
Ž޵еڣԭһģ˿ķޱȻƵʺš
ƾʲô
ƾʲôһδɵˣȻѹ孽ʥ
ѵĻĽ
ڣԭһĻ˴ʮ꣬һζԼĽɡ
һͨ׵Ļλųƶ孰һֵϽʥûˣ
ڳߣǿĿࡣ
籾԰
ȥа۲Ľɣ
УڣԭһıеĽղסˣ
ǸղɱྣĶ孽ʥ
һĽΣ
ڣ˵һ𣿡
һߴһ߼ڣԭһĲ³Ѫ
Ӧ
ٴȥ˵һͷ¶Ҫɢˡ
Ϊ孽ʥڣԭһİúܣȻܾʹ䡣
ֻҪ΢һᣬܷƣ
Ϊ˷ΪʤڣԭһҧҧķӲһǣȻѸȥܴϢһ¡
аۣҲҽҵǿУ
ǿУǵһаνն𣿡м˵
ڣԭһߵֻ˲²ĶѣǸ֪νľ裬Ҫ䣡
˵仰ڣԭһȫɷɢ·ʵʡ
ͻȻһԼС
ȫһƬԾ
ѵϹ򲻹аۣиɱ
ڣԭһĵûɱĴ㡣
΢΢һݣǱģʶڣԭһʲôؾС
ֻڣԭһԲ֮ϵĺԽԽأҲù
ȻͻȻЦ
аۣȻ̫ᣡ
ȻֹʩչؽУ
֤һ£ԵĽɣ
Ѫ²ƣ
һ䣬ƽڣԭһ°˳
ɺɫѪ˲ǵأ
Ѫɫ⻯ΪһѪ£Գٶն
ͫȫת¡
ľƣҲΣյźţš
һ̣Ӧͨһ΢ϵ
΢ϵо齣·Ϊһ塣
ǵصѪɫ⣬ȴ۾Ȼٽնʮּ򵥹ӡ
ȴڣԭһĵն֮ǰȫ
ڹսУ˲ͱѪɫûˡ
ǵ۾һգգΪһΣ˶Ԥа۲ᱻնɱ
ʱ·ٴζ
һ˲䣬վ֮⣬ͻȻͬӿ籡Ѫɫɵһɶ
Ѫɫ󣬻һ̲ͣڣԭһĳȥ
ڣԭһ˫۵ɵϴȴٱܡ

͸ڣԭһ˲ͱ˾󲿷
еƷıղֵѺۡ
孵һˡ
̩ɽۣ֮ʶһսսаսʤ˶孽ʥ




1521¡ͮĵ绰
 

ྣٸߣȫɱڣԭһĵһĻ𾪵Ըӡ
ľСԭһϹ׳Ƶļӳ֣ȶ孵һ
ֻУһСľնƣ
ǵʵ̫ˣ
ý˽ֻ֣ڽˮƽ޴ʱһ˲ľնһ˵ı
һһıƽǶ孵ĹһֽS˳Ͱ˳߾ж
գڣԭһ𺧺;Уأһָָųȴʲô˵
ѵƽҲʧȥĽ
齣ѶѵҲ
Ȼ֪ʲô˼黹
ųߵྣǰɫдһ˿ɱ⡣
ྣʱоȫæĵа۴磬С۲ʶ̩ɽ֪ôĸսԲ𡢶Բ𣡡
ྣˣǱ϶ˡ
仰ྣŵûɢ
ΪҪɱˡ
Ȼмɱһ֮ˡ
ྣղűڣԭһĴˣڳŨŨɷ䲻˲ͻʹȥ
Գ֡
飬߹ǰ
ЩȫͷȥֱӳĿ⡣
ǸղŻŵڣԭһɱа֮ɨѧ磬һ
û뵽תۼ䷴˹аط۷壬孽ʥֵס
ֻûп͸ĵ뷨
Уݡ̺Ͱ׾µģ嶼
δȳڣͻȻͨһһĵа۴ˣԲðģ
ȻһﲻĿͷûһۡ
СɫѾֵŭˡ
Ҿ³ͷ˵а۵Ҳᴫȥ
ʱһֻջ̻̣Զա
õĳͷ
ߵɽϣοǷ׷ս˭Ӯˡ
麬ЦشȻǻĵһаӮ
ʲôа̩ɽôûȥʶοʮ־档
鿴װ͵ĳһЦаָˣȥǼģΪһսߣԿ϶ߴңྣڣԭһĴܣȻа۴ڣԭһģǽʶһսĽ
οһȫȻǸʲôųƽʥĶϹǱȲǿ
˷ܵĴ΢һϢ
̩ɽʱѾ׷ˣ
ȫ䶯
аٴδ»Իս
ྣǳѣ˿ˣֻʹеȴ
Ǳߣ߲һΪһС顣
۵ǣǷаڰϵһλ
ͶƱûаΡ
֪ۣ֪Ҳں
ܿص캣Уһ¹ֲ¼β
᰸绰ףսʤڣԭһģаٴ⡣
᰻ڵ绰ᵽ뿪һСС칦硣
ȻӦˣһ󣬱ǰƶʡᡣ
ȥʡ֮ǰӵһ˵ĵ绰ͮ
žһڣǾ֮ɫǴ˵еаۣ
Ҷڣԭһɱˣ㻹ţҲû취Ȼ
ͮƺʵһûۼ̩ɽ֮۴ڣԭһģѧңۼΪʵ
Ҷ˵ˣŲ㣬ѵһһߺڣԭһսһСƵ㰡ɵ٩һ䡣
СƵ֣֮ͮ߳ӿֳ
ԳѾȫһˡ
ٲţаѾǰ϶ʵ
գֻͮҧҧΣллǾưϣԺܰŵѡ
ûⰡҲϣټǿҪȻԺٳʲô󰸣ֻ½µˡЦſһЦ
绰Ǳߣ̲ͮסʮĵģҵˮƽڱ½Ǽһȥ
ǾĿԴɡͮ˼󣬱ͨ
źڰʿܣ鵽ʡᡣ
칦ʡľƵ꣬ĲƶʡĶȫصʿ
ƣ꣬ﲻ
ۼĻԷһЩ͵ǳ롣




1522¡˫
 

ЩǴñīǰӵŸ׳ڣͷʮ㡣
Ƶǰ̨ԱѼֲ֡
һӺ󣬲Աǡþ˸Դɫʲôˡ
һǧ򼶱İɫһСһͬƵ¶ͣ
þæǹȥӭӡ
ֻɫ棬߳款ĴŮ˹ϵʮǣ˵Ц
һСģҲһλŮֻλŮǧģ˫ۿԵˡ
ŮᰡƳκۡ
þ֪ƶʡ̽ŮʣԲŻô¡صܳӭӡ
ܣ룡ϯѲãʱԿ硣
ĵͷƵȥ
ΪڵֻһСС칦磬ûˣֻһᡣ
Ůºһһߵȴ
ܣǳܵܵ书ԽԽˣ˵ͻµľ磬ǿϲɺءЦӯӯĿڵ
ǳܵܡ⼸֣ܸоеŤ
Ȼȳ꣬ɲгܵܡ
۶㣬㿪ĵģԸͻƣҲϣΣƳӺ۵Ĺϵ˲١
ҪΪƳϵһУΪ˳ܹܵġȤ
ƳȻ֪а뷨۵ڵ£ݽȥ֪
Ϊ۸ˣûôˡ
ȻЦƳãͿǵòԶˣܵһֱͻƣԽԽǿԺΣŸаӦ԰
仰Ƴһʱ޷
Ϊ˵ȷʵһ
Ķ˲ҡҲˣԼСӾС
ͨˣԼ鷳鷳ΣҲܿ
ʱ᰿ڵƳΣС㣬ǶΪ룬û˭ǴģҪǣܹƽֵףˡ
˵öԣܵÿζǵģÿζܻΪģԴʶǾͺɽһô̼
ÿ˵Ȼÿ仰᰺Ƴƺ˼
᰾ûãƳȴ룬ӵľַˡ
һСƵ¶ֿͣһſĺɫܡ
ǳġڰʿ
³󣬾ֱƵȥ
Ƶڶ¥Ҳڶ¥
¥˲ĲĿ⡣
һΪòΪ飬ǸղŽŮᡣ
ò͵ĶǸ߶ʿǸղһֱڲ룬˭д٣Ů͡
û뵽Ȼһȥôڵˡ
˻һŮ
ˣ˵Ľʣǲܵġ
ǿ¾ǻĶĶ˺УûʸĴŮһò͡
ϱ˺ŮѣһñĴŮɲˡ
ˣ̲ס²⣬ʲôݡ
˾Ƶ꾭
Ƶ꾭Ĵǣϼϯҽʦ
Ȼ⡣
ϼŵϯҽʦߴϣǸ߼С
ϼŵıɽܲùϵٺãҲûʸĴŮһԷɣ
ų߽ᣬˣ֪˭һ䣺ϼŵĳҽаƬе񰡣
һ˵ʱ۷׷ס
ܿһװĵ˲˵Ҷ֪ˣΪʲôû˵ҽǴ˵еаۣΪȻʵͬһˡ
Ļ˵ͬ
緢Ϣٶȷǳ졣
˴ͨˣ˭֪ҽʹ˵еа۳
ǴϸƬܷаƬͳҽͬһˡ
ֻеǶǶѡ
׿࣬Ƭааȡصʣǳҽܾ߱ġ
˵˾Ͳͬεˡ
аۣʲôˣ
Ķ˵ĳǿߣ
ײβ
ҽأҶ֪ϼŵϯҽʦ
ǰЩҽկ壬ԼѪҺǧ飬ƶʡ󲿷˶֪
һСҽͿקŵըаۣȫԲϺŰ
ڳϳ˶ȥˡ
NBAǿƱȺͱСƷĳ˹þͦ
ֻ˵ȫͬ
аۺͳҽҲͬ
˵ͰĴƷŮ͵аۣķڷ
ǽȥǳҽڳЩͷʿеƽˡ
ȻҲֻĽһ£ΪɹʿǵǺܸߵģܲܳ䣬ȻĴŮǰҫԼʵ




1523¡ع
 

Ŀ΢΢һ
ᰡƳκۣöʮֹˡ
ᰱ˪ޡƳʱԸȻټӢ鶯ʵĿ
뵽ĸͬ͵ļƷŮԼĺգΪһˣȻкͳɾ͸С
飬ˣɡ᰼ù޵¶һĨЦ⡣
ƳǺĿųȻͳֿûʱ䣬˵Ѿˡ
Ҳһ˼ֻƻ𣬺Լ⣬һ˫ǵ۴󵨵Ŀų·ڰʾʲô顣
ӦŮͬĿ⣬̹Ȼ£ЦЦ˼Ǿõˡ
û£ҲǸ÷ԱϲˣǱ߳Աġ˵ţ˲һӰťܿƵ꾭һŷԱϲˡ
Щ˶ǳԵģƳκͳͬǶʱܽĲƷ
ܣҽиλŮԺúȺãʲô˵浽Ц˵ȻʶȤĺͷԱ˳ᡣ
ĴŮУġ
Ϊᰲ÷ԱźԵƵе
ŮԵһͼ˹ƣȻƱ˵һףܵܵʤȡͻƣ
ɱ
˵ľƱһºơ
һߵƣһ߿ᰣζ˵ܣ칦磬㲻ܼܵвһ𣿡
۵ļƻУƳѾշˡ
鲻ȥ季ȥկæóȥġ
۾ã鱻շ϶ˮɵ顣
ھʣŲܲˡ
ֻҪᰣԺҲһһܣǴҶĽá
ᰱѩȻóʲô뷨
΢죬һʱûж
Ů棬вˣֵ᰻е
㣬и˶ʲôƳҲЦ塣
ջ󷽵ĸһ⡣
лл⣬Ҹб
ĥѺ̫ˡ
Ƕʱ䣬ǳԾͷ
˵ҲǸܲãַǳŮˣôܲȣ
ƳΡۺ飬᰺һвˣҸޱȡ
ܵܣԵ㣬Ŷƺڰʾʲôˡ
óؿһɻ档
Ǹ˲ĺӣ
ƹѲ߰޵ᰣϻӶ򿪡
Ϊƾһ˵糺죬Ƕķֱ֪ȥ孻̩ɽһҪȥɣҲϣԺΣÿ£ǶܵģһϣܻعȻֻҵһԸ޷Ԥľ
ⷬ˵ú棬顣
ϲ˹ȴΪᰵĻж
ȻóڹΣա
ŮҲһĿƵĿ˹
ǶϣܹӦᰵ
û̻Ӧ˼
ʵڵʵǿĶ֡
Ҵͨ˵ӽϿͥȺΧƣлǮӮңⱲѾˡ
ȷʵûҪԼһ١ٶΣա
ҲѰ̼ĸˣȥּ˶ԼЦ
뵽ҲԼʱع
ϣһЩԶ롣
ҽҪһ顣
⻹֯άû㡣
֮⣬ܺӵδ֪Σգ֯ˡ
֯ʱܸڶ뺯
ԳǲܵͨˣҪԼʵ
ᰣһعȻû⣬ֻҵʵûһΣյˮƽҵаžʹЩδ֪鷳ҲܿʵͲܱ֤ǡ˼󣬳Ļش
ᰵͷʾܹ⣺֪ÿ춼ⲢӰֻҪ㲻ȥʲô֯񣬻ߺʲôάǣ̫Ӧþûʲôɣ
ʵУõһЩϣЩϣ󲿷ֶΣյĵطЩõϵϢһǺܿҪȥһˡ
ͿǵЩ⡣
ʵһгɾ͵ĸ
һ£и
ѽڴɾ磬Խ棬Խͻơ
ҪԴˡ




1524¡֮ܲ
 

ô˵Ƴκʵʲô磿ѵܷɲɣ
ڵĵ򣬷ɻǲܵģҵ֮·ܿҪߵͷˡ仰˵Щϧ
ʵԽǿԽôѡ
ûʲô⣬ֻͻƵڡ
ڵʿɻʮǧ
ڵ޼ɵĺߡ
ҪǱȫΧˣʿһ
֮Ծٹ֮Χ˲ֻΪ̫ѡ
ܵܣ㲻ҲѾ޵໨ʱǣܡۺֱ׵ĵЦ
ɫһ죬ĴŮУ鶼ûͳȷϵ
ĺγ룿
ֻλŮܲ̽߳ƣ飬һͿˡ
ҲһΪյҪ飬ͻ˲ɰ׳ա
֪һֱΪӮҼƻͣЦЦ֮ܶѰԴĻӦòᵽˣʡ
̫ˣƳ鲻Խ֡
ƳΣŮҲԼͬ¶ϲɫ
ȻʵжǿˣһŮˡ
Ů˵ȻϣԼ˾ΣգҶΣա
ðվḻSɱۣϣʡᣬǹȵҸ
ĻǴӦᰡ
ĵġ
ܿе㲻˼ĵ˵һһ󣬿Ҫóҳһˡ
Ŷʲô£еʵ
ѧ̳мҵ֮󣬻϶ûôˡ
ҵȥ
Ȼϣ᰹Ц˵ʵǹϼŵҵǼǱٰ߽һҵᣬҲǼŵˣһȥμӡ
ΪƶʡҵŮ֮ᰵĶѾʡڣǴȥ
кܶ߶ҵᣬμӡ
᰻϶ܾˣһΡ
㣬εĽᣬԭӦ𣿡Ƴ֪֮ǰܾ飬ܺ档
᰿ƳһۣͷǵģҪνľٰˣҰںһѣҲþܾνὫҵμӣϼһûᣬںһҪϣһȥ
û⡣ڴӦ
ĻعȥǼ²μӽᡢ˳һҲ
Ӧôˬ죬᰷ϲֻǱǹŵЦ⡣
ɽܲõ˼ٻ¶
Ƴǰһڴʵ㣬Ҳȥòã
ƳΣĻױƷ˾Ÿո𲽣ֲñ㣬ʱߵÿ𣿡᰷ʵ
ױƷ˾飬Ƴε˷ܾ
ӣȷʵΪױƷ˾飬æýͷö
ܳƵյЧ棬һоʹ;Ӫһҹ˾ûô򵥡
ƳԼĹӪûʲôæǲܵġ
ʱȡЦƳãɵܺòкͳܵܶĻᣬ㻹ȥݣ̰ĲŶ
˭̰Ĳ㰡۶㣬Ϲ˵Ƴ̲סһ
ΪԼС˼ֵҲû˵ԼȥҲȥҲԡ
һֱĬĬŵ飬ͻȻԼ𣬶ʱһ졣
ȷʵһֱڳߣ۶ô˵ˣô˼ڣ
ӣǸܵܶŶڽҵνҿɲˡ
۵ĻŮ
ᰣˡ֣ҪҲǣҪҲǣջûа취
ȿȡ
ɿһգȻ󿪿ڵҺͱᰳȥʲôģȻȥǼ£˳һҲС
šᣬͬʵ֮ǰæ͵УڿǼιԡ
ܹϣǵȻǼõġ
ܵܣҪŶЦİʾ
仰ȻĿᰣҲʱλɽܲúú̸һ̸鷽ˡ
᰺ͳĿӣûκλرܣͬȻ˵ˣȥǼ£һһ˽£ҺͬѧһξۻᣬҲǼ£ЩͬѧһŮҺѣԵʱҿܻղμǵľۻᣬ㲻ȥɣ
Ȼ⣬Ǿ˵ˡ˵žƱٴκλŮɱ
ͣλŮһͬ߳ᣬٴʿĿ⡣




1525¡˺ݻ
 

Щװĵˣ˿̶ôƷĸŮҽһ˳Ե
ҽʲôǷط¶סҹҹ顣
λĺˣ·ˮҡҰڣǿ׳˱ȥҪŤϱ
ȻĸԸȥģֻгһˡ
Ҳֻܹܳܵס۵ˮ
ʿܸߣֻĽ͵۹⿴λŮ
ôڲһЩڲͬġ
һλվһī˧硣
˧ڼڵĴӵ£ֱ
˧翴ժī󣬶λŮ΢ЦǺãʶһ£ҽ¬żλŮ˵ҵ֡
¬
֣˷
Ǹղžڲ²ī˧֡
û뵽Ȼǻֿȵ¬
¬ǰȥżϰڵEXOȥ굥ɻعһԾΪһǡ
¬һ˵ĿĵʦȶȽڽﵽǰδе۷塣
¬֮Գƶʡᣬ϶Ϊ˾
᰺ƽʱûעʲôȦû¬֡
ۺƳȴġ
ֻûôȰˡ
֪Ǻͳһ𣬻˵Ҫѣ¬ʲôͼǻ
ϣԶȱɫĻɫˡ
رǵһ˽Ǯ֮󣬶ĸ߶͡
ڳĴ󲿷ʿǰڨ¬ȴţԼܹ׽ʶλŮ
ˣȴֻ¬һۣͲٿˡ
Ϊ
˵ûȤʶһ¡
λƶʡĳҽɣ¬ûѡǺͳҽô֪λŮûȤʶأ
ҾͰ˵ˣҺұ㡢㻹λС㣬ʶ𣿡Ƴ΢䣬ĻӦ
¬ϵЦ΢΢һ
Ƥٺڲô˿ŵ£ƳֱӾܾȷʵ̫ˡ
ŮνŮӺϣǵһλǳҽŮѣôʣλŮûѰɣ¬ôǻǣѵǽʶһµʸûУ
¬仰˵üš
ΪԼǻǡ
¬ô˵ǲΪȻ
ȴǲͷˣ³һ֣
˵ʲô¬Ц˲ʧ
û˭
ճµģȣǾͲҪҲˡ
¬һ䣬󼸸ھҪһѵ
ܿͳˣڱڵء
¬򱻳һߵƤһӲſڣײϣҪǱжǱ
Ƴκ̲סһЦ˳
᰺¶һ˿ݸ֮ɫ
Ǿϲ⸱˺ݻӡ
ûҪ¬ûʵǷϻ
¬ײñףһ·ˣȳλŮ߳ſڣʹվųıӰճµģҵţϾǣһÿ
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˵¬ֻһСӰ첻ʲô
˿ɲôΪ
ǵĽǶȿҽƶʡߣǺ
¬ûʲôʵȴڶʱڳΪǣûȦǲܵġ
ֻȦΪȦȦȦ㵺ȦͱȦ
¬ǾȦǱߵģƶʡȷʵκβ˳
ֻܴżں޺ȥ
ƵƳα㻰лʵס
ֻס԰СڴѧǱ˷᰺۴󲿷ʱ䶼סǱߡ
Ҳ֪飬һʱеԥû̻شƳεĻ
Ҳʡ򷿵ģΪܲã㶼һ׺լ
ֻϵܺãҲסˡ
Ѿ
ԥĴŮҲ˲ͬ˼
Ƴε˼ܼ򵥣Ȼϣȥס
Ƴβ뷨ֻͳĹϵûߵͬһûƳǿҡ
ΪƳεʻϳԥ飬ֱ򷿵뷨
ʱ˿̣λɽŮܲǣʡҲһ׷ӣ᲻ѡȥҹأ
뵽ᰵٶȲɼӿһ¡
ʵ֪𰸵ġ
ϴ캣Ȫɽׯˮֻܾһ⣬ճĻشǾ
һֱǴȪɽׯ֮ãõĻ֮һ




1526¡ҹ
 

ˣ뷨Ů˲ͬ
ۼԥǵһ欵Ļȡ
λŮţóܵһĺլÿһ䣬ǾͲþÿȥ˭ҹˡ
һŮסһ䣬Ŵʵ۷ĸӡ
ֻ룬۾ô̼
һӴ󵨷뷨
һӵĻԲһķ䣬һų󴲣ȻŮȥ
ԽԽ죬ⲻΪߣǹ˷ܡ
Ƴμɫе֣֪ӿ϶ʲô֡飬˵϶߳ܣ̲סʵ۶㣬ʲô
Ҫ˵ȻЦӼֱ̫̫Ȼˡ
ۻЦݣƳͻȻܺԼΪʲôҪ⣬֪ĲǺ£ΪʲôҪʳ
ͷԼ򵥵ҲʵС㣬Ҳ֪뵽ʲôôЦ
仰ʳڣᰶֹˡ
ֻЦøӷģǽ˵ҸղǣóܵլһסȥзѩðhðٰȫסȥǳܵܲͲ÷ÿȥ˭סˣ
˵꣬ᰡƳŮһ졣
ԭѾýסĵĳҲǴΡ
еЦã۶۶ȻܺãҲǰ˵
սӲ˼ƳͻȻ޳ܣ
ô޳ˣһȻȻ¶һ޹ı飬ƳΣ뷨۶˵ģûô룬ֱӰҵǡ
ߣ϶֮ǰ۶㣬Ȼ˵ģʵĶԲԣƳһ뵽飬ߺ졣
޳ܡȷʵ޳ܰ
һ̯ΣƳΣʶôã㻹ǶҪ룬Ҳû취
˵Ƴͳʶеåɫǵӣ˵ıԡ
һ仯ܴΪѸģҲòϣϲĳ
ӿͷƳΰԼһڣôͱһԵߵˣ
ʱ᰿תƻˣýסûУ
סǰɣһֵ㡣ֻһ˵֮Ůֲ뵽ղŵĻȥ
Ͼ⻰Ҳȷʵеᡣ
Ƴι㱻˵ˣͲס˶Բԣ
д֡
ûϵСҲȥ˯ƳһЦ·ʤ
ƳãҲ߹ƳһѣûƳηȵȻܾܵˣǾ͸Ͻȥɡ
Ͻ֣ƳСһ졣
ʡѧ⣬סĴŮϴͳ˻죬͸Էַ˯ȥˡ
Ҷ˲ٺƣǹæĴܲãȥܿ˯
ŮһҲ˯š
ƳȻͨˣҪסͼȻԡ
һСʱûͳˡ
ԾæµƷ˾飬оƣû˯ţڴֻҹ˾ȥķ䡣
ۺƳһ뷨
ֻΪְҵɱ֣ʱƳǿˡ
ԽԽǾ
ӳûƶʡᣬ֪жôį͡
Խ޷ȥ
Ϊʲô˯ţ
Ϊ֪϶ô򵥣ᷢһЩ顣
Ƴסʲô˼
ԴˣķǳǳĽ
ûб¶
ͳʱ䣬¶ļûҵʱ
飬ǸŮ֣µŮ
ڵʮ㣬Ƴζɵ߳䡣
ŵĶᣬҲۺ֡
ƳʵҲ֪һ㣬ֻѡǣ˭óһܾûҹأ
ƳĨȥʱ΢ĹУһԸ˯¡ļǻŮˣǰ
һӿƾģƳζжϳŮ˾ۡ
ǰ۽䣬ĬһǰһôͻȻһˣ
۵ĸӦѵ֪ʱ
۶㣬㡭Ƴҧҧ촽
һֻҺڰУԼû




1527¡̫õȱ
 

ЦһƳãء
㡢Ҹôʲô£Ƴμװ¶ʵ
˵ĶԻ˯֮⣬鶼һ
ֻܷɵú棬ߵԼź󣬲
ֻۼЦƳãǶô죬ͱװˣ֮Եһҳܵѽ
ҡ㡭Ƴ˲ߣﲻʲô˼УҲŲһ𣡡
ϴ۾һΣƳһֱܲˣһ𡰷̡
ֳ棬Ի۰
ۿЦôУܵôãһҲ۲ֻҪһһȤ㲻Όܣʳ֪ζŶ
㡢㲻ҪƳߵתͷܻԼķ䣬Ѿڵذܶͳ
˵ĶԻóĻڣƳξܾûɵĸеһ˿ź
ԼԽԽаˡ
ȴżǰƳβӦξͲˡ
Ǳߣһء
û뵽ƳκѾĵֵز
ȻƳλûܽܣ۵ǿҹ£ºܿҪݡ
һ뵽Ƴκһڳķϱһķȡ
ƣֱư
ѵңɣһƷŮ׷ƤʹСɵĹ
޷⡣
ȻҲԼİһԣܽܺŮһ
ԽԽᣬҲԽԽˡ
ŬԼ䣬ǳķܿ촫Ѿȥˡ
ζ޷ֻܾţԼȫҲʼ
̲סĴ򿪷ţϣ΢ĹУһֵ
Ӧȣ͸ͫ⿴ȥ
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۶С㡭۶˵ġ
ܵܣҲ밡ǡ
Ļû˵Ҳ˵óˡ
ֻʱ飬֪֪ɣ˭˼ҹԽԽء
һֵܵܣôǿſڣѵƳֳôûо
顣̵Ļش
飬ʵǿ˲٣ֻҪ΢ʩչ۾͸Ӧ
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Ļش΢΢죬Ȼ͵Ц֪˰ҪҪн
۶ɱ𡣡޷ۿڵĳ棬Ƕ˵϶޷ܵġ
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ϵ飬ںڰվСʱû뵽ۻû
ʱ˼ͻȻƮǰȥ
ǹͳĻ䡣
ȥֱըͳĵʱ·ûˣֻҶ壬˶ѶԷӿˡ
ҳмοûҶӡ
ţʱͳʲôܳΪĵһŮˡ
֪ԼʱͻȻĽ۵Ը顢󵨡ţİ˽ԼһС
ջ˼鰲߻ط䣬ΪӦƳ׼ˡ
һҹۺƳζõĳʵһβĿС
ڶϣ᰼еĺȦĵʵ飬û˯𣿡
һʣһ͵ĳۺƳΣ鶼еϸ΢仯
ʵƳҲкȦᰲ
ôãӦòкȦŶԡ
еû˯áе㲻ȻĻش
ֹû˯ãֱһ϶˯š
˭óۺƳôء
Ҳֻܸһˡ
ʶⲻټȥֻµĳ͡
ͣۡƳȥϰˡ
ΣҲȥũTVܲ
֮ȥιһƳδĻƷ˾
ʱúܿ죬պ󣬳ᰴ˷ɻǰǷǼ¡
ǼΪֻһУǼУҲΪ԰УǳƯǳʤء
ᰵǼ¾ƵסһڶǼʢĦáл԰μⳡҵᡣ
һ᳡أէһȹκһеĺҪࡣ
ߴϵ¶컨԰᳡װĵҵʿ洦ɼԾ۳һСȦӣŰİµƱѾԻ̸ҵơ




1528¡ͳɹʿ
 

µСƱ˹˹֮ƣɼ췽Ϊٰⳡᣬ˶ıǮ
ССľƱʮָߵ
᰽зԱӸ˵ơ
ᰣȥֵλѣһߴ᳡һʵ
ᰵͷţҰλѽвƽǼߵĶ̽࣬ȫʲϼſܶȲϡ
ĸǶడɵ÷һп
ȻҲдʮڣվڻ᳡ڶ฻棬Һۡ
ľͷһҶϰڡ
ּǽ̸ÿһ仰ͨ˷·һ㡣
ղŽʱмȦӵĽ̸˵Ķʲôȫ򾭼á֮ĶЩи̸ۣԤ̽δ򣬰ѳһͷˮ
ͨ΢ŶλҵĳȦ̸ЦĲƽ
ƽĵһۣ֣λ᰸׵ѣźһɹʿӦеһʡ
졢ءרע棬ÿ仰Լ࣬ȴڲͬҵ˼ά
ӵᡢ͵ͬ
ƽӵĽ̸ҳдһ˿Ȥ
һˡ
ڳƽǻ˳ɹʿĵʹ
壬áᰴ΢Цƽ֡
ֶŮԴѧҵ󣬾ͺþòţԽԽƯǵƤŮǿˣƽŮǳˣҲС
һԵĳһ˿øС
ֻʶ¹֮󣬳ƾжһˡ
ƽĳɹˣͨȫ͸ġ
лл佱˵ҲܾûŮˡ΢΢һЦ
㵽ͣŮ棬һûΣˣ
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ҵʱע⵽ƯֶŮߵˡ
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ôƽĵһӡǹ⻪ȻᣬȴһֳȻʡ
ʣƽָֻļλʦϿ
Ͼ̫ˣƽȻᵥƾһӡ󣬾ͰѳǼλʦᲢۡ
ᰣλǣ
˼˸ܣǼŵϯҽʦҲǼ󹦳æܵ
ԭǶСҽϲҿ˵öˣ
ƽЦźͳ֡
Ҳ˵Ĵҵ¼ҷǳĿһ䡣
ܳϵһ˿ƽΪ⣬ǼЦҽüΣɲǿװƶʡǱ̫ˣÿλȥЩҵĴ£ʮһҩ紴ũTVֱǧ߲ĳɾȣϲҿʮ
л佱ȷʵóƽĳͺ;ġ
һҲûΪҵļӡ
øղźͲƽ̸ĴǷ׷עĿ
Ǽ77˿ǻˣͨǼµͨԡ
Щ඼óƽ˵۷ǳߡ
ǲƽעǱߵţԳûʲô˽⡣
ƽλôߣͳǷǳʲôݡ
ΪˣǸƽͳĽ̸
ֻƽֵҽҳ˿˵㣬ҪǴӱ۶޲ڰ˵ҵĳ֪˼ӵĸ֡
ĸ֣ɫ΢΢һ졣
ͳֻûһƲأô־ͰѳŮˣ
壬Ұ˵ģ
ǺǣҺֵĹϵҿЦᰰҾ͵źͳҽϲˡƽЦǺǵ˵
³׵ˣɽܲõ˲˺ܶࡣ
ѵõĽģе鶯
ƽᵽᰵİְ֣Լþûټۺͷ赾ˡ
ԷϸҵΣֱɾ¡
ֻǿŮһ˴ŵϼš
˳ţһĺ᰽飬һᰱôۣǴΣ۷
㼪ԣʱҿ϶㷢ȱ̬
ȻᰳһҪӡ
ȻǾϲǸж
Ǳĸˣ
һ̣λɽܲе㲻š
ᰴסӣƽһЦᰴСųˣҲֻгҽֻشκĺ֢һԣǼһ֮ǰһֱ˵Ů޲ȥأ




1529¡Ʒ
 

壬ҰֵĻͺˡ֪Լϰ֣ƽȾʱ϶˵˺ܶ׵Ļ
ƽЦͷֵᰣҽҸǽһЩϵѣԺҵǿԺЩѶ
лл塣ӹһĨϲɫ
ԭͳⳡ̽綥ŲϺŵġ
вƽĹϵҪύλʴ׶ˡ
ȻЩҲֻǿڲƽϺύ
ᰵϼţͳҽݣԴ˵
ᰵľòǾһѡ
ύһЩ󣬲ƽųᰣ᳡һƷչ
߶˽ᣬƷչԲλߵݸ߹Լ߻᳡ĸ
ⳡ̨ƷһϡƷ
еһЩƷǴǵ˽ղأײóչ
ָֻ߶˳ϣǲԸóΪΪһҵʿʸǵĲƷ
չ󣬳һƷɨӹȥĿûκα仯
ЩƷϡͭȵȡ
ֻҪû̺벻˳ķۡ
ϵģֻķ
ȣЩνƷǷֵ࿴һۡ
Ŀ⣬ƺЩƷͣƽΪƷȤ
Ͼˣƽ⡣
ܺϼ䡣
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ᰣͬĻ˵ƯƷҲûκղؼֵƽĻش
ƽһ⻰ٴθܵ˳ǹɰ
ΪܳſƽΪȷʵпЩƷİ
أȴǾó̫ˡ
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󣬲ƽԳݸһ¡
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壬ʵڼ淽ͦеģԼļɡǰ֪ߣ֪һ¾ΪʲôЩƷ
ΪҪķ
Ŷҽùͣƽ΢΢죬ȫһרҵ
ҽѾ˲ˣռ͹ļܣȷʵǺܲ˼ġ
ƽ̫ᰵĻ
΢΢һЦñչ׼һǼһҵϵѣ¼Ʒ¾ҽæһ£Σ
Ȼû⣬ҪƷӦרҵʿɣʵ
û룬Ʒͷ֪һҲͲҪרҵʿˡ
˵仰ʱ򣬲ƽϸɫ
΢Ц壬ƷղϽ꣬˭аæûġ
ֶŮ˵ʵұֻǸߣΪƷűԼȥѧ֪ʶ
ƽ˵ţĿͻȻתƵһ
˵ܲ٣ܲپ͵ǸˣѵǼ¹гľͷһи˼ʮ꣬ۼǿɱǿˡ
ŲĿ⿴ȥֻһֵװӣһӡڰװӣһͬ߹
ãλǣͷƷ׵һͺĽܵ
һϣֵ֪Ŀ϶Ǹ
ƽȺѵ֡
ѵƽչһָƷ׼ֵ棬ֱһͭһľһֻ۸ӸߵУɽۣɲһ鶨
ƽһͬͷ˶ʾû
һʼһ䲻ȵı飬ƺǺƷӡ
ȻҲ˵һֹüˣͶԷʱ̫飬̧ۡ
ȿƷƽߵƲǰȿǼͭ
ָ֮ɫ
Ӱ֮⣬ƽ¶һ˿ʹġŭ
û֣ȴһ
ףΪʲôһֱֵúؿʵĲƽ
ͭ˲Сƻƽȭͷɫ糣˵
һĮĵƷ´ݲУദշת޷ñǺ顣
һֱǻĹڣ϶صƻƽ仰˵ãѾеƲס
һ˿ƽ֮⡣




1530¡Ҵ
 

᰺ѵóƽе㲻Ծ
Ϊڳǣͷˣѵɲ뻹ûʽ׾ͻˡ
ڴԲͭʷΣ⵽ƻѳʵԴҺźҶˣͭļֵԺú̸һ¡
Ҿûʲô̸ġΪƽֳ̱ɫͭڣ̸
ڣ
۵֣ΧһЩƷĴ࣬ȫ
Ʒղأֻг
ڳĴ࣬ԶɽֵڵƷǼֲ֡
Ļͭʮڶ򲻵Ѿ޼֮ˡ
ӵеֻͭһͨͭأֵѾ󽵵͡
һھڣʵʨӴ󿪿ˡ
ȫ룬Լͭ
˵ڣǧҲòֵá
ֵıۣƽɫЩÿ
һʡ
ȷʵǳҪͭ
֮Բƽ¶ʹĺͷŭΪֵ֪ƷǴӻĹշתġ
ΪһȰղؼңƽ뿴ЩƷ̣ԲŲϧرǧټƵ
ΪˣЩ˵İԴ
֮ǰӵлƷһ
϶֪رػƷ޿֡
ǼߵĹмֵۣͭ´ﲻڣɷٺͲȶһ¡ѵٴδԲ
̫ɴ˴νˡ
ּĽףһ궼һء
һ˫ɽĳɽǳ
ȻȴһҲѵӣʼҵƷֵ٣Լ˵㣬򣿡
ǻأ۸ʵĻһὫƷȫƽڹ⣬һֱԺƵĻ򽻵
Ϊ˵õƷֽ
иһḬ֮̃ɫҵͭҲԣҶԲǼеĲҵܸȤԸòҵҺɽס
ֽҲܴӦƽЦݡ
ҪԽԽˣ
ǼµĲҵʱ浱Ȼûڡ
ԶҪƷļֵߡ
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һȫȻ
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ֳѵλǼ¹гͷ˭ܱѵģ
˵仰˵ЩЦˡ
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һ֪ߵغˣ
˾ǲƽһʱ䶼֪θ˵û
ֵɫѳ
ѵŭλˣɲ˵˵ƷƷǵѵڹ淽ȨǶĲأ
ƨȨⰢٻˣЦÿһ仰Ϊ֮ɫ
Ϊ̫˵ˣ
ǹʴһõĸ߶˳ϣ
һˣô˵棬ʹǼ¹ͷӡڰ̣ʵ̫̫ûˣ
ԺĴ˵һССϼϯҽʦȷʵ
ⷬһڣǷ׷üŻ˹Ȼ͵Ĵ³֮ˡ
ֳֻ֧ģȻ˵ֵƷƷǾһǡ
ѵĻñףСӣ㵹˵˵ƷôƷĳԼʮƷκ٣
Ǻǣ߷¼ǿվҪִĺۼˣ
ͻȻѸײڶٶȣͽִƲ񣬽ǼͭȡС
ס֣
ѵɫ
ǸֹֻһеͭһƬƬɫ㣬¶ֲͭ⡣
Щͭ⣬Կó˹ƴӶɵģȻʴγɡ




1531¡˲·
 

ڳĶмңͭƣ¶˹⼣һͳˡ
ԭƷ
ʱѵֵɫˣֱ֣Ⱥ˻ڡ
ƽ𾪵ͬʱоʮֲ˼顣
һˣôͭƷģ
ǼֵڵͭЦڽ
ѵʵ˵
ô棬ƾͭƷ
˵ѵǼ¹гʮȨһѾһˣ
ѵεͬʱѾǺ˳
Ϊ˾٣ڶ·
Ҷϵûرݣ
ûô˿ţ黹Բû
ڳôϲղƷĴ֪࣬ѵòƽƷԩͷ
Ժ˭ǣͷ棿
֣˵Ѿѳ޵ȥ
ݺݵòƽһʣ˲ƽĲҵ
û뵽һƽƽˣȻܿóķѼѪķͭƷ
Ҫ֪Ϊ˷ͭǻ˼ʮĳɱ
Ʒ󣬱ѵмҡ
ɻǱˣ
쳣ŭ쳣ڳ
Сӣôģֱ˵ʵ
Ȼ˵Լӵ͸ֻͫȻôģͲ֪ˣһ
ʲôֲ֪ͭǼٻҲ˿ˣʲҪҸ𣿡
ѵʱ˵ȽϿ
ԲƽͳһֱžӸ¡˵̬
᰿˶ߡ
ƽô˵ȷʵ޷Ҫָʲô
ϾҲǶ߳Ĵ࣬ϵӲ⣬Ϊһֶҵ
ˣƽѵ˵Һź˴νûгɹΪҸеʧϣܸһǸ
ѵɫеΣȷʵûͭƷ²ƽܵƭǿڵӣԸǸ
ȻĵҶ˵Ҳ֪ͭƷﲻǻƷԸһʵļ۸ͭˡ
⻰˵ã·Լƽƽһ
ƽƷĻǱ֣Ȼͻݡ
ѵ۾ȥͭƷʣƷڳм˭Ҳұ֤Ʒ
ǣְĿ۵֮ϡ
ǿʲôղֻǿƻͭҿƷˣѵǻˣִʼգųмҡ
ͭƷǲš
Ͼ̫ˣڶһĹҵһûС
ʵѵҲóղŵе
ΪԼȨҧҧĵĵʣƷ֮ǰӦòм٣㲻ŵĻǿֳټһΣλмҵ֤
ԡƽͷ
ΪػĵջѡЭʱ׷Լƭ¡
ƽӦѵҪùԱȡչľֻ
ǻûȹԱ򿪲ǣ˵ĵóˣʣҲƷ
˵ʲôѵ־ŭ
ûڣΪҲƷƷˡ
û뵽ٴָƷ
غ뿴μġ
ǻûֻǿһۣȷչƷƷļʦ
˶ûͭƷڳмҶڴ
һμܴܲδμ
ˣ㲻Ҫֱ̫֣Ʒƽֹ
ǳվ׼ĺ£
˲·ɱ˸ĸֵɫܺÿŹ֡
ȴǿҲ֣ǿƽȰԺǲҪף־Ǵƭӡ
ǿᰵķϣŸƽָ
뵱ԩͷһ仰˵
ƽĺܸлϣƷƷͿع
ֱֱ˵ƭӣѾ߳ŭˣʲôݵλ˵ƭӣʸ˵𣿡
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ǲƺĲЦһҲϻֱȥ
ּ׼ٴá³ʽƷŭ֮£̽ıǰֹ
׳ܵǰɷĿ
û뵽һԲϣȻҪˣ




1532¡Ĵ
 

ڳĶˡĻˣֵֵĵزڴ˵ⳡ߶˽Ҳ˴ۡ
ǵ뿴ղųǿӲŭֺѵԸ׳ıڣǷղӲ
ƽΪ˳ȫ룬æȰҽ˻Ϊ˰Ҽܵ˺ϲҿɾ̫ⲻȥˣ
һ˵һ߹뻤ס
һԵȴ΢Ц壬ûģ㲻Ϊġ
Ůܲ˵ƽǸղź᰼򵥽ʶĴǣܺΪʲôԳţ
ʼգŮܲöûȰҪ嶯
̫ᡢû桢ֱ֪жӲǶŵСҽŹͷأ
Σɶǹ⣬ǻĹڣϼŴӪڵƶʡ
ǣϼǿ϶Ȳֵġ
ǸѵȻҲվһߡ
ƽ֡ѵҵϵĵλ࣬ƽıһҲΪϼܺһ⡣
ǾóӦüþգ¶ˡ
֮ˣ׳ڶ˵ͬһƣͽƵһ
˶û뵽Ȼô
ҿûôͰѱءߵƿ
ϣСҵƷŭе
ٴǰȭȥ
ţ
ԭ㶯֣Ͼһʼֻμӽģϼŵ
Ը˲ҡҲˣңұʮ
Ȼȡ裬ҲͲˣ
ڵȭͷѸ磬ڳȴ̵ģ֣˲佫ڴɳȥ

ˤڵذϣҽУĿɿڴ
Ҷû뵽ĳСҽ书ĸ֣
û˭Сˡ
ƽԭ˵书е㲻ţΪۺȾƺȶˣδŮ
һƽ֪۶ԳֵĴ꣬ȫûëʵʵ˵
˾Ŀ£ȡƷְղŵķʽƷ棬¶˹ۼ
ѵȫɵˡ
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ƷȫƷ
»ʲô˵ģ
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ѵһ仰û˵ȻԼ׾ûƷǱ˲·
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Ӧ᰻ع󣬳һ¶΢Լ˵ǸѾĳͷ
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ĺתˣΪ㹦ͰԼˣǼ£ɲǻģҸǻ˵Ǹٵһɣ
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һߺһ߾ŭҪ֪ҿǡ
һ仰˵һ룬ͻȻһҽУ
Ϊһźݺݵϥǹϣ
һƤЬЬߵģ
ʹ죬Ĺȥ
俴ѵ
Բ͸Ǹ飬²ƭԲ𣡡ѵɲ뵱ô˵¹æͷƽǸ
ٵṆ̀˶óı
ѵ֪Ļ³Ժһֻʱϣͨһȥ
վŵǸãҪұǹŵǸ֣ڻǻ˺۸𣿡Źڵϵ֡
㡢Ḷ۵ģҧߺ޶
һЦװӲǲǣǲǸˣ
ۿҪ̧ţزȵĿɲһϥǣпҪλȻг裬Ҳֻܿƽ鲻Ը˵Բ𡣡
ƽȻһֱߣ룬ѵֻ¹Ǹ
߰ӡڰˣ˵¹ǸվŵǸǺܲ˼¡
ǳȴˣ
һ̣ƽĿʮּ糱뵽˺ܶܶࡣ
ʮǰճʱܹ˵ۺͲƽȴֻ
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Ϊ⣬ò̡
ľٶһڶ
ҽлл㡣ƽŬԳл
ûʲôֻԲƽͷȻѵ֣ǿԹˡ
ѵվϥ˵֣뿪˻᳡




1533¡Ʊ
 

ǿӲְԵı֣ڳĹʴǣĿ࿴
ǰǶԻ˵ӡǫ͡͵¡
Ƚϵ͵ľǲƽȻƽҲǺǵλ൱Ĵ࣬Ȼʱ̱ǫ͡
ˣȴ׵߸ǶԻ˵ӡ
ЩǴʶԭ˲ֻһζõġ
УݵλԶԶܺѵȡ
ǳݵλߵĴʱһҲݺݽѵǣһ߹ʵ̫ǿӲˣ
ˣֺѵ뿪ڳĶǴ࣬߹½ύʾԳǳ͡
ڴǵķӦƽΪϲǲô⡣
νƱƱۣĸʱ仰
ڹ⣬˾ƲԴʱֵηһζõĻͻᱻ˳׵Ŀˡ
ǿӲĻˣܻʶ
Ǻͳ½ύлвѵҽǺϾǼ£ǸֺǼĴ֮һĶżҽãѵ켣Ǽ¹гʶǼ»ɫشĴУȽ㻹ҪСġ
ûϵǻңۿɲֹղˡɫȻ˿ѵֱжǿ
λĸѵֵıԺܲмȫ˱ϾˣСҽڻǱ˳˳ˮûԹʲôͷ֪ǼĴ
ҽ㻹СĵΪðǼ¶żҿɲЩҵɱȵģ˼Ǽ뢣ֻݶΪһٴѵ
΢΢һЦֻ죿ҳû˿ֻ죬ллλѡ
˵껰뿪ᣬΪƷ׵飬ϼųɹöߵҵ˽ǳɹˡ
Ȼܿģ΢ᣬıϲջԺϼҪ򿪶г׵öࡣ
ҽȥҼҳԸ㷹ɣϲҪúøл㡣ƽ׼뿪æȥ˵
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ܹܵ⣬ӿһ⣬ȴȻĵǽȥҳԷɣ
ġЦЦ
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һƽҵĿ㿴ɳһT̿Ůڱྐྵӱ߿ӱֻ
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˭ѽƽŮعͷһۿᰣʱ¶ϲ֮ɫ
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֮ǳ˷ܣæվСܹסᰵЦ᰽㣬ԽԽƯˣףλǣ
ܿע⵽ߵĳһᣬͨûеʣⲻС׸Գһ˿档
Сĸ߸˧̫ˣҲˣ˳Ȥ
شŵϯҽʦ뵽˽˳ϣûҪ̫ܵ¡ءҲ̫⡣
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ĺѣ
ǡ
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򵥵һ仰ᰶȴ䡣
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ȫţֻÿԼϰ֡
ƽЦȻģҽͱ᰿вŮò谡ǺܿͿԺȵ᰽ϲˡ
ร̫ˣû뵽᰽㶼ˣһҪˣܼᰵĺ֢ӡǳ̡
ǰǼңҪϰֱһ룬ȴͳ׽վһ
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᰽㣬㺮֢κˣ
Сվʣҽͱ᰹ȥǱ˵ƽ˵ţߵɳǰºֺڳسк
һѺ󣬲Ȳת⣬׷ᰵĺ֢Լôͳһġ




1534¡ƽı
 

һ⣬ܺûش᰻شúȻҵĺ֢ǳκõġ
ҰֽгҽҾʹŲµˣٴδû뵽ôᣬҽôˣΪκñ᰽ĺ֢Ǿһ𣿡
ĵڶ⣬ᰵӹһ˿糺죬ܿû
ʵһֱûʽͳһ
˵ǳŮѣ˵Ǻ֪
ΪıƳΣʽͳһ
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Լұȣ᰾Լͳ㲻¹ϵ
ҿǵƳεĸܣһֱĸϵʼ޷顣
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ֱղ׿˵£᰻е㲻ȷϡ
Ϊҿ϶ҲƳ˵طѩh
Ψһ
㡣
Ϊһ㣬޷ȥԼһء
ᰳĬԣΪߣشҸκú֢ǵԵֹ֣̹ͬĵ飬㶮ġ
ԭ˰Ľɫ᰽㣬ԭֲܺǸ߸˧㵽׿һ㣬ԭվ鰡
⻰һڣ᰺ͳеСΡ
Сô˵ҽҽɱЩӸǿˣͽ̹㣬ѣƷڵһλȻҪģǲƽ⣬ȻŮܲ⡣
֣ҽѸտʼֿƷ᰽ôи
꽻߰˸ѵĽڣƽʼѵŮˣСԺڸ鷽治ˣһҪ׼ˣҽģ־ͺܷģˣϴǸʲô׻ĹӸ֣ûУ
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ԲƽƷĳԣﲻӦֻڷżǵĹŶŶԡ
ƽ΢ЦΪ¹Ŷ֮󣬶ǹڵĲˡ
ˣԸӾ棬壬Լܿɣ
Ȼ̫˽гǸֶͭıһھڣɼֶ۸ǳ߰
˵ƽЩ˴֪ȥٸˣȻȫڲݣֱ£ȫûлر
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֪ԼֻԹһ£ϰֵľκ˶޷ıġ
˵Ϊı˲ˣ飬Ƿʱֺðһֱ֣ʵ
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ǲƽһֵֻƷΪҴ˸档
Ҳƽ˵ֻһǮˣֶΡ
ԳһƽڽϵΪƽηų踺ء
ҽ֪ǻʧŶߴǧ
ƽʹĺС
ôʧ⣬һ˵ȥֻǱˮн
壬ô𣿡ᰶʧ𾪵ˡ
ǧȫĻһҵĹԳе
ʵ̫ˣ
ƽĻشȻôࡣǶѧʷ1840꣬ǿͰѻΪĻԵҪݣ1860꣬Բ԰ҰĽӺͷգߴϡ䱦18561932䣬׹ӥΪ׵ŷǿֱӶᡢ߿ķʽҹŶȻö֮ĽЩŶڷǹҵĲһδεףвĹÿÿ뵽߽ЩռΪϰ꣬ҾͶʹϧ




1535¡֮
 

ƽǶγ衢ء˺۵ʷҲ
ǲЦֻˡ
֪ϰ뿴ģǱ˲ػʷ
˿̣ԺУֳǿӶỪĻ棬Ȼûۼȴֿܸܵĳ衣
ǸֵƷģҾµǸô򵥣
ķŭƽܹóʵһѪже嶯ˡ
ҽҺܸлֻعҲϣ⣬ΪʲôһֵİƽЦ˵ΪعѾϰЩĿ˵̬ˡ
ʵûҪǻ߳ţУһҪڳǿӲ̬ȣ˶ΪǺ۸˵Լļ⡣
ƽһ¶º͵Ц⣺ҺͳҽɣǱϾģƣܶûҪ̫ƽϣÿζǿӲԺȦﴫˣһ㣬Ҳúⲻ̫ദö֮ҾԶ֮ˡǻоǫ棬˵˼ͬС졣
ˡ޷ͬҡҡͷǼԼĹҪ֪ǻģǿ֮һǺαػҪǰǿأʱͬˣ˳ȥ⣬ҲӦøıԼĹҪţͦøֱûκ׻ͷ
ⷬᰵͬųĲ
ע⵽ᰵ⣬᰽Գ鼫
ⷬòƽķǳ
ȷʵʱͬˣǰı۸ֻѡ̣Ǵһ¡
ڲʵǵӰԺŵĺһߣԶ
仰ҲҪʹõġ
ƽãԼǼ߲á
߲ĹڣǮƣ
ڼݵλȻǼߵһ
ҽ˵Ļû˵ǣǼ߲̫˽⣬ֽ֪õǸżʲôֻҪżһ仰ǼµĲҵȫҪաƽ仰˵÷ǳأҲǲӲЩˣȷʵﲻǹ˵ϲѳҽһ䣬ۣʱǻǱһܺհ
˲ƽġԡһЦٱۡ
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˵⼸Ǽһº󣬲ѵΡ
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֣ʲôñܵģʶôѣһ绰ܰǽڣ˭Ҷұ᰽㡢гһΪȻĿǡ
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һżҳƽһұȻȥģǼµĲҵǾʧ̫ˡ
֮ȣηС¡
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Ȼ֪żҵ
Ǽ̳Ĵ⡢š֣жżȻһҲֻ֮¡
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Ȼҵɱȵġ
˵أƽһ䣬Ȼ΢ЩȰֶùϵ̽һѵֵĶ˵ɣҽΣ
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⡭ƽо̫ʢˣ˵ŮҪıĵطҽûǿһ¡
ĲãҺͱ᰾ʹȥ䡣˵ţһۡ
òƽŵǣӡһصıֶŮȻûзԳĻ




1536¡
 

Ҫȥ䣬ûзԣҲ˵ԳʮΡ
ǲƽֵֻڣóֲֻѵĴ֣򲻿еġ
ᰣ㻹Ȱһ³ҽɣȥ档ƽĳ˵
΢΢һЦûµģ壬ڳ֣Һܷġ
ô˵ƽһʱ䲻֪˵ʲôˡ
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һҹɫһ죬ʱʱ̶̿ŸֻϢͿ嵱صķ羰ˡ
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ôƷŮȻһôԶǵȷʵ̫źˡ
뵽ԼŮǰֺõĻ˵һᡣ
維Ǿġ
ʮУӲúܴ󣬻мǼԺպ֮һ
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ǵгͷѵãǸĺͶżҹϵܺãżǾǲġ
ģ¶ҲҵԼֵסˣС㣬µúúùͨһ°ģѵֹǣҳǵ⡣
ԭԼѹסԷǸֱôӲֻܸĳɵķʽ




1537¡
 

ûϵ飬ԼУ鷳λˡ᰺ܿĻؾ
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Ϊó䵭
ʵˣԲˣһǧ̬֮ȡ
οǵһκͶʶȫ졣
ȴΪᰲ⣬ߵ˵ʱΪʵ
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˶ǸԳݲˣɽܲã׿ϳһ㣿
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ҪǲһأȦﶼû̧ͷ
Ϊ˲ñɽŮģȥһΣ
뵽ӿţظĵҶǽ컰ˣѵҪǸҶСһëҶΪУ
⻹ࡣûСƶҵʵ
ҶǼ¶壬綼ˣ˭Ҳ˭
ڳҲ󣬷׷ױ֤붯żңҲһͦᰡ
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Ȳ˵Ƿ񶯻ĵĵϾֻǿͷ˵˵ѵһȺЩмʮģ
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ЩıҲ޷ͳһȡ
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ᰵȴʼչڳϣ˵ɽܲãֻԸųһˡ
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ǳ˽żҵǣԸͦȴ˿飬ʮﶼе㲻
ȻģĿᰵתƵߣСҽҪ֪ɲǻŶûǳ˵żң¾һѵ㶼Բ
Ŷ𣿡΢΢һЦÿɷ񣬡ʵҺڴֺѵңΪ볹׵Ľǣֻȥҡ
˻һʮݺݵһѡ
һ˾ȻԲѣװװû˭ˣ
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ǼڽʵСҽԼʵǳţĪʶʲôУ
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ԽԽװˡ
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˵껰ʮһͬջظղŸͷĵ
𰡣
һͼˣץץ֣ζ磬֪Ṧ򣬵ͱ᰽鷳ǹԽģѸǳͷɡ
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ѾܾˣÿپܾΡ
ɫǰЦ㻹װã
ʱһ׸ѣĿڵҰ˵ĽᣬλҽֵأԳҽôŶԲԣ
ڳĶǣв˵ļﳤȥμ˽ĽᣬԴ󲿷ֶ֪иȺ˽ѵѵ֡
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ۼ֮Ƿˡ
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βʨ԰ڶοһҲۡ
ˣȻڴƼĽϽѵλУ
붼˾ò˼顣
Ǹ׸󣬶ȴһ˿Ϸʿ˵Ҷ֪ĹСҽֵܴڣ϶ܴ򵹸࣬ĿԴˡ




1538¡鷳
 

ڶǷڴֺѵϽҳˡ
ͿԿҲ޷װˡ
ʮУк뷨ͬˡ
ֻûбֵԡ
ǣǲҸող˵Ļ鷳ǳĹԽģֺѵ϶ǵһ㣬˹ˣ繦ѵܴʮϰٸ𣿡ּΪᰵġ
Ͳֺѵ
УҿλСϣǳͷˡط
˵껰󣬿ȴֳ֪ʲôʱѾ߿ˣڹ԰ⲽ˵ЦûѼĴ鷳һ¡
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Ǳɽܲö̬䵭ͳȴʮǣöһĽʺޡ
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һ˵һȺɷĺװ
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ǳһͷҲζŰǶˣղװıƳ׵׵ʧܡ
ˣλɽŮܲûῴ
Ǵ˼
Ȼȴ˿ںĻӦʲôʱҪҳͷˣ
㣡
Ǳһ仰øλǡ
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ֻҪ΢ͷҰ⣬Ҳȥˡ
αҪӻأ
ʵ⻹ŵ㣬£㶵ס
ǵĻ˵󣬼ڳĳˡ
ǲǣȴĻʮͬ
ȷʵȥյĽҪӻ϶ҪھɫŮѺǰ档
һˣڴأ
Ȼ˵Ŀ֮Уһ˼ûС
ﺮǵ㣬峺Ĺžͨ׵㽲ǰѶǵһɷϻҿǵ񣬷·һ׳ա
ò̲ס˵ˡ
ΪᰵԵʣӲ
У㲻ҳͷҲУǽҿСϣλСֶˣ˵ţתѵ֣λǣ޹أǲҪ˺С㣬ҵѣҲǶҵѡ




1539¡һ
 

ǡֶ˵Щʲôȴʾ˵
ǼȻôϲͷһºˡ
ǵоֹԳ˵ǲ෹һǲѡ
ҪôţǷܳװƽ¡
ϵǣѵ˶ǵĻɫһ仯ûС
ѵ٣ܳᰣǶǲ·ĳˣȰ㻹Ǳ¡
ҹһȥȻܲͷˡ
ŲʲôҲ̼ҡ
һ㣬ҪҲ̫ڶ㣬ҪŮϺú÷йŭ
ȱһɡ
Ǽ࣬ȻԳش˲˲ҲˣܺͶż˵ϻǺ˲𣬵үүܺǼµһ˵ϻҪȱһ飿
̧ܶүӣֻʮֲмҡҡͷߵǸ׳˶ӡ
׳˶ӵ֮󣬴û˵һ仰ֻĿڳϡ
һʼĿֻһǾǳ
ŷ鷳򷢵նİ׳үɡ
Ϊŷ׳˶ӣ˵һǺıȡѸޱȵɨȥ
ôȷûӦͱ߷ɳȥˤʮǰף֮
ʮѣȫϾȥǵƣȫŷ־ˡ
ǴС֪Ǽȫļ֮һûʲôС
Ǵ˵УǼ»ɫشĲҵĳȵȣһ¢ˡ
һУϵҿ϶Ҫʰġ
λв֪ʲôͨ챳ҶҪӡ
е棬ŷ壬Ķ֣
Ҳֵǿĸ֣
Ǽһŷ岻书ǿô򵥣¸ĺ֪ѶٳҶι㣬ŷɥ
ʮȻͥЩϾ̫ᣬۼŷ屾ˣȫŵﻹҳ
ǿɱ˲գ۵ŷ尡
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ףΪʲôϰ˵ѵ˸ҶǹЩѿɱȵġ
ŷһ߷ɶǡʮսսγԱȣУ
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ŷֶΣ϶Ҫ¡
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·⡢ϷԹһ
ЦóָָſڵʮǱĶǣϷʵ㿴Ǹ˺һ
ԣ΢΢ݸԽɣ֪Խаա
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Ҹͷ㻹ǹΪǶǺǵģǲҶŷ巢ŭȴֵϡ
Ц㲻ĵֶ֤ҵŮôڱߵ㶭ҵıϵأˣ
һ伥ọ̈ҧŭѵֺŷһҶҶȲǣɣ
ٿСĶǣһֱɫŷĿԡ
ͨ˵ĽǶϿŷȷʵ֡
ڳҲһֻ΢һϰˡ
СӣΪԼè򣬾ǰɣѵٺЦ֪֪λŷ塢үǼµ»ʵĶ֣ʮǰǼ¾ûүˣƾǵ㹦򣬻үһָͷģ
ѵĻòʮ־
Լóܵ뷨ɵ档
ŷڣһܿ¶ѡ
ᰵĻǾ͸ˡ
ˣһжˣ
˵ʲôֱĿڵŷ°ѳᰰҪĥǡ
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ֺѵ֪ŷԸô߰Բ׳֡
ղ߶ǵһǱȣ㲻ʽ֡
ŷʽֵˣĲˡ
ǲŸе档
үСӵĹҿˣҲòԳְɣѵ仰ŷ֮⡣
ŷ廹ﵭĮ˵Ϊǻ׽Сӣҵ¿ܻˣҲֺޱҪʧѵҪסǷһ顣
֮⣬Ի׽Ѿʮʮˡ
ǵȻѵæӦʵûŷ涯֣Ժڴŷ˴γ֣үɣ




1540¡Ҫװ
 

ŷ岻ǰĮĿų
Ѿûʲô
ŷһȺСܣǷ׷¶ڴ֮ɫ
Ǻþûҳˣ
ЩҶѧ󵱼Ե·ˡˡ
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ʮȻʮֵȻǲȱһҪ˻֪£
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˰ԣûߵģǵһμ
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Сӣ㲢ǵһƲҺĶ֣ȻĶ֣Ѿɱ֪ٸˣ
ŷ廰̺ɱòʮ˸
˵ɱ߼ûʲô
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ʵǺѼġ
ŷ仰˵ڣܸܵһεѪ
ɱ˶ˣǲִ
ֻǣûбŷ仰š
ɱˣŷȻԶ
ŷ壬ǰƲĶ֣ǶŹ򲻹˽⡣
ԺĽ˹ʱȫͷ죬˾úʵֻСɵı֣Ҫ¯࣬˹ʱͷֻᷢͳͬУͬף־磬ʸҳֻ֣ǵ츳ʮ궼ܴɡ
ⷬֻǺĵ
ŷУȴͬƽؾף
ģκˣ
ˣȻĺ˽ô꾡
λʦԺ򾳽ͺͳһģһ
ʦ˵ִû֪ʲô֡
ǰСӾʲôˣ֪꾡
ŷ岻ӳˣҲִ֪ѧû䣬ʲôXXɴˣȫҴġ
Գ֪ܣԵøѵá
ŷܿĳЩŴɴ˵ݷ²⡣
ʦ˭ŷ嶢ų۾ʵ
ʵ̫ˡ
⼸Ȼ֣Ҳûͻư֡
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һλԵڶʮǰλʦʣʺ
ʮȥͣɹԭ
ǰصˣܴʲôϲ
ŷǳڴ




1541¡
 

˿óԺ˵һ֮ŷ̬ȡȫˡ
ǰһŷҪһҪгɱݵӡ
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ǳһ١ٶˣƾ粻֮࣬ŷı̬ȡ
˵ʲô
˵˵Щ⣬ȫǶԵģ
ѵˣͬľ졣
ŷ̬ȣе㲻Ծ˰
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ôУ
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һ䣬ڳһȭܣֻȫᣬֽ⻻һ˿Ӳ϶δսӣҲΪѸܡ
ֻ˿ŷӲǿڳУŷӲٺãʼջûͻ弫ޣһڽϴ
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ô֪ŷԴ󾪣ɫ˲ͱˡ
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Ҫ˵Դǿʷƾˡ
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ӲѴɣֻҪûǷ켫߱ضҪһţֳš
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Ϊ˱Ӳʱȫëױʱ˵ˣ
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ֻҪţʼղ
м޵ģţӲ޷Ƿ켫ǲţǾԼȥģܲͻĹؿڡ
Ǵӹû˸ģ¸ɮһŷҲһ
ĸ֣ջѡԼһš
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Ϊ˱ⱻ˲ǶѡεĲλ֫ѣֱһ㣬е˻ǰ
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˹һ̣Ϳ͸ͫΨһһţҲΨһ
СֵܣҲ֪ҵĺģɡŷ廰š
΢΢ҿɾ˵ˣ
ȵȣŷһּ䲻õԤС
һ汻˵أ
ɶԵģڳô˿ţʱΨһй¶ȥĻĳҾҪˡ




1542¡̬ȷת
 

ڽ꣬ŷһ仰ն񣬷֮Ĳޡ
ٸ¶ĹѱûгҵԵס
һֱûжԳ֣ѵֿ϶ܴ
Ǳ֪Ӳţûнպ˵Ҳᱻȥѱ
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ֻǶŷĺ΢˵ȤҪŷϸϸ֣̽Ǿܵ顣
ȴԽԽͷˡ
ŷ޷Сӣȥżҳˣ
̧żңһųһǸŷ壬һҪŷץöżҵġ
ŷ仰֪ʱˡ
Ѷ֮ˣȻԸúýǾֻǿд߳
ҳ˵ֻŻصôãֲɣһ¿
Щḻĸּ֣Уûš
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ȻһȫëȻը
·˲˱͸
Ϊǵ񣬿ķţ
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ߣѵôĵӣȻԸ֪书ߵʲôزֻҪһУܰɱŷԽԽǺ£Ǩŭѵϡ
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תţͻȻܲõĿѵŷ壬㲻ǻмٸѵһϣԸСһˣ书ٸߣֺα³ӣʱͲȭͷ˵ģΪĶң֪
ŷ·ɵһ֣˼˵㶮ƨ
֣Ϊ˵ҵĲ֪𣿵ŷнһУƾӲģҪΪǵܣŷ̬ȳ׷תѡվڳһߡ




1543¡Ȩ
 

ŷĻѵĿɿڴһأʯͷԼĽʲôо
ȴЦŷ壬ӣô϶ҵģҾͲĻΪһ书ǿСӣƻ֮ĹϵȻ㲻֣Ҿͽϴ
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ŷˣ绰ʮֲ죬˶ֵϹ
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Ҳ˵ŷĺװս߳һΡ
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ΪѾڿּôǹɱŷ塣
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ôǲ˼Ѿڵ绰˵ˣô£㻹λҰɡ˵ţŷ壬Ц




1544¡
 

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ʮʶ۽磬ôҲʮͷˣ书ӡ
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뿴νǼͷУжǿ
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ͻƵڴɾ磬ǿȸһ¥η峣ˡ
ĻڳǸЦѡ




1545¡
 

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һĻǼĻ档




1546¡
 

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Ҳƽ׵ʱ򣬾ע´ˣ




1547¡·խ
 

´ֵ֮һ뷨ҳ𣬶ǷʡԼٵ⡣
˵·עԽԽխ
гһᡣ
аа۴ˣҲƷƭˣҴܷŹҵĻҰµĲҵʮ֮һΣֻĴҡ
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仰ͫ˲Ŵд޾Ŀ־;
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ᰣǻȥɡͻȻеɺסᰵ԰ſȥ
ɫ΢΢һ죬ҹɫ¸ֽ֮С
а۴ˣ桢ŷͽǧУɫ




1548¡жĥ
 

ĿͳȥСǱϵĻ
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ڲãһһ̫˧̫ˣ
а۹Ȼʹ˵һקšȻ
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һ仰ֺѵ̣ʵ̫ˡ
˿̶ȫĺ£Һøղûô
뿴ŷôֵģͻȻ䣬ɫݡһתȥ
Ҫܣ
Ǯ˼ı䱸Ӿصġ
ƽʱûڼӾӾӾúܲ
ӽаƾԼӾѣ
ȻǰһֻŸ̤뺣ˮһֻžͱ˺ݺһ£
ŷ֣
һߣֱӰֺŸĽŽ߶ˣ
һҽУ˵ڵأ̵ĺˮɳУָоǳܡ
ͶϽŽȣɳӺȺˮʲôˡ
ŷһţߵʹȥ
ܣδ̫ˡŷֶͬħ
ͻȻ뵽һǵֽŽϣȻٰӺȥӾˮƽô
үҪûܣ벻Ҫܵȥѵŵˡ
ںΧ۵Ķǣеķ
ɱ˲գ۵ĴУŷֶȷʵǳ
˭ǵаأѾǱǡŷϵЦʧֻʣһ档
Ѿڼ򵥵ɱ˷ˣһǶû˼
ԲֽŽ̵ֲֶΡ
аԸа˵ֺ֪ѵ֮󣬻ܸˡ
ŷ˵ȰſڵϺȺˮֽŽֽȶϣ߹ȥѵֽŽ
һҽУƧɳ̲
Ȼûֳͷˣжĥŷðݺݳͷǣһ̵ֺܲ
ȥ
ŷһ£Сץ֣һͬǧһֵУȻصˤˮ
ѵһȥ
ΣΣ֣ҪǻӾҾͷһ
ŷ仰˵úܷ̣˭óȶֽŽ֣βܿͳȥ
ŷСѧѵҲӽ
ˣ
ǵ˿ִֺ̼£³ֲ̫ˣ
ǰţʱһҪҸǸ
ȥɡ
ŷС˵һ䣬Ȼת԰ȥ
𣿡·ûһʵ
ŷͷӦˡ
ǾͺáҲͷſС㣬ȥа۴˵һֺѵѾˣϣпյĻͣĳһ߹
ӦһҲҺ˵̫໰˶һۣʾǸԼһߡ




1549¡ľʽ
 

ᰳ԰󣬲ûнгȥ
˾·ɢ
᰺ͳʱ̡
Ҳ˵ʲôɢָо֪жûйˡ
ֵϵο͡
Щο˵Ц̸⼸顣
һڵСͥдĸˣһԶβͬ£ڽҲܳ
ЩС£ǣ֡ʮָһߵġ
·ĻʿĻŮͬ
һЩС¸ӿţž·ӵɬûоǣǣƻǣֵǣ΢΢Щȡ
λɽŮܲõܹ֫ܵ±仯
ٿᰵ֪ɽܲÿ϶Ƕˡ
գҲǵʱͻȻһЦ˳
ôˣʵ
ֵָָһС£㿴ǡ
˳ᰵָȥҲ̲סЦ
ԭСµеʱȻľһŮС촽ĸͣȷʵܺЦ
ֽǷʽܱ°֮ǰôû뵽Цŵ٩һ䡣
΢΢һۣõĲѧѧĸ㿴˼Ůӵ촽ˡ
ҲõǵúܿİЦͻȻᰣҪҲԡ
ΣɽܲõȻһΣ̲סһڡ
һ̫ˣȻ
ղó˫ѱ
û뵽תۼåáľ֮ǡһء
ᰣ˵㣬̫ⷽ崿ˣǲԵĻҪʲôʱܸһأ
ÿһ仰ɫԽԽ졣
ԣǵģҪҶ벻һڡҧź촽ˣСŮƢ
̬ڳУɰֻǰıɽܲ§ú۰
΢˼ǹЦȻ㲻ϲʵĽǷʽǾͰǰ
飬ûеõᰵĻӦ
ֻ֮΢¶ףһʮֽߵģ
֪Ĭˣ
˾ڽϣ׼ǡ
ɫ糺콿ޣͬС¹ײܲǺͳһνǣǷǳǳĽţ̲ס۾Ө޳Ľë΢΢Ҳֱͬһߢĺõ塣
ѵÿ¶̬ЩΪ֮ˡ
ĵͷȥҪһķʽǡ
Ȼ촽᰺촽һ̣ᰵֻͻȻ
ֻε˺һеҵóֻ򶨵ĽͨʵСû°ɣ
绰ǲģе㵣ģβʨ԰ǲûꡣ
ڵ绰΢Ц᰽㣬ǳˣͳ
Ǿڹ԰ߵĽֵϣ·ߺܿܿǡ˵仰ɫȻˡ
õģҹǡ
ͨ绰Ͷǣ˵ķ߹
ᰵȴĹУʮĬû˵
ϾղŵȷʵеСΣ˲·˵ע⡣
ᰳɣעⶼܡ
ӹ
ʮѳˡ
᰽㣡һ߼ӿŲһ߶֡
ŲһЦ
ʮ߽ǵĿⶼûоۼŮϣȫη֮ɫĿ
̺ŵʵ¡磬Ӧúа۴˰ɣ
һ˶Щݸ
㻹ǽҳС
ôаԼûֱˣǴ˵еаۣĸ֮ǰƺ㣿
С磬Ļɡ΢Ц˵
⡭еԥ
ʵĸԸг磬а۴ȻǶԳľη˵ľԶˡ
뵽Լܺ˵еаһ磬һܼ飡
ʱǿˣСĵа۴ˣղǶе˵Բǲѽȥģġ
š΢΢ͷ
飬֪ô
һֻᰳεģ̫ߵ
Ǽ¶֪Ǵ˵еаۣǻˣ
ŷǱߣ͸ʶˡ
ԻԽؿƿ
ǿɲԼ֮֡
ǾͻؼҰɣ磡ǹƺ
ѯᰣûòȥǻزƽļҡ
ڶǵȶҲû˼ˣظңҸ衣




1550¡ͬ
 

ϣѵֵ˼ϢͨǼһЩĶС
μӽЩҵ࣬һ춼ڹע顣
ѵֶԳչϡ
Ҳ֪˳Ը
û뵽תۼ䣬ѵַʰˡ
ʵһʮ𾪵Ϣ
ŷ壬ûаѳа۵Ϣȥ
βʨ԰ộվЩġ
ֻЩȫ²ⲻʲôŷ巴¡
дţŷλԻĵСҽϹϾ
ǼµĴǣͷƤ벻ԭ
ΨһܹȷϵľǣԶֹСҽô򵥡
Ըǿ󱳾
ͷģǹٷˡ
ϾҶ֪Ǽºߣ̳η壬Ϊ˼ҵĿɽǼʵ
ôıָǿʲôزܺǼµһأ
Ǹ²ⲻϾǼˣǶԳ˽û̫ˡ
Σ˽֮ЩԳۣѾްθߡ
ЩڽϺͳύҵǣԭóƽƽʸûС
ȫˣ
Ȼ涼ԳϹϾǵֲ棬ټӦľǺúðͽᣡ
صƽĳҲ֪鴫˳ȥ
ֻҪûа۵С
Щ֪ѵ֮ģ
һǼ»˭˭ҶԲƽһҲ
˵֮ǰᰵĵ飬Ѿ׽ˡ
˻֮󣬲ƽٴθл˳
ǲΪ³ûна۵߸ס
⽫ͶԶ޷ڵܡ
ҹɫƽͳڿ죬ʱˣЦʵᰣҽҸǰſͷϢɣ
õģ鷳ǰһСȻ˵仰
һǺߣ壬Ǽֻһͷ𣿡
֪ʣƽıôôֻһͷ
ƽʣϵЦˣᰣͳҽҪģסһʲôףС᰽ͳҽȥĿͷ˳ʰһ¡
ãȥƽʱȴ˭ڿ졣
ųĿͷֻͷõʮָߵ͸޴شԿǳ
ԭ롰һ£ͳַ˯ģǣһ¾Ͱ䡣
᰽㣬ϲɣһʰһЦʵ
ʵƽʱҲû˽˯ʰ¾ûˡ
һͦϲģƵúܺá
ǵͳˣóҲһķ䣬Ȼÿ˯ǣѽһ˯ߣź׾˯ˣͺСʱһ
һᰶȣд˲˼
ģ˵ĳ
ֻ΢룬;
СܺãҲˡҲЦ˵
лл硪а۴˿佱
żޣ˵Сӡ
᰽㣬ʰˣǽúϢɣҾͲˣ
ѡϢҧرأһ졣
Ȳ˳غźûɵľн
һκͳһйŮͬһ䣬˵ǲܵġ
᰺߽ţѧŵӾǻЦĵЦˣʱˣϢɡ
˭˭˰ܵ˵ʱǼΡ
һΣһ使εĺõ壬ڳǰ
㲻ϲƺҽŰɣ
ԽԽΪˣû뵽Ǻ͸ոʶʱϲˣå
Ȼˡڶǳãã˻û飬ĳƺ̫ˣ
ңҺúǧ顣᰹
ȻôܹԹ
ͻȻһ̤ᰱ󣬴Ӻһѱסɽܲõǻ
ᰱһԼס֮󣬲å
ᰣŮѰұһԼŮѣôåˣֱ׳˵
֪ķصıɽܲøһͱƤһ㣬֮ǰѭ浸ˡ
֪ᰲŻ




1551¡һ
 

ֻǱһѣȻæҲû˵졢ƭ˵Ĺ仰ĻŲйˣΪҲ֪һʲô𣿿ſҡ
Ȼ˵ᰲû
оϷֻǱɽܲϲӲаЦᰣȻ֪ʲôʹҰɣǶ֪˴˵⣬ѵ㲻ǵĹϵһ𣿡
˵ֻǼ򵥱סûëëţᰲ˳˼
ȷʵҲͳһֻ˺Ů˵˼άͬο˼άʹ󲿷Ů˲ͬ
ͨ룬֮ĹϵһزͿһЩܵˡ
ŮӸӸԣǲ׵İԼˣֲ԰Ů
ͳһ޷ܣͰԼ
ΪΪ֮飬ǺʥģߵһܽԼ
ͱƳΡ۲ͬ᰿˵ǳڶصһ
Ҫ˵ĻҲıس̶ȣ΢ᰱһˡ
ȻԴһϳۡƳ֮һصĶˡ
ϣԼͳҲܷչƳΡҹĵز˵ýǰԼ顣
Ϊ˵˵ȥ۱س̶Ȼᰵһ
˺һᣬᰲĶϣǿر˴ˣ𣿳ǽ飬Ҳܽܺ㡭
˵÷ǳ֣أҲͻˣȻżϷһɽˣʲôӡ
ȻᰲԸ⣬ҲǿӲϹ顣
మУʲô飬Ӧ˳Ȼģоˣӵǣ飬һжˮˡ
е̫ļŮͨռŮַʽŮصĸţʵ䷴Ч
νǿŤĹϲ
˼ᰣҲǲ㣬ֻ㳨飬ҿ̫ˣԺһշִ硣ôδеᡣ
÷һķҲ˱ࡣ
ʶĳܰ˫ޱһ档
лл㡣
תӣͳĿԣĺ촽ֵЦ⣬̺һ˿ߡ
һֱţӺ滹ãϾת˵ƾ͸ˣ˵ǲܵġ
˿̲κаûıɽܵһϵ˺
ᰣлҸˣ˵ЩˣҪҪС˵һǣ
ɹָ³ֱͦıͷ仰гЦ֮⣬дεζ
ʮϲһ˪ᰣѵڿˣ
ûЦ˵ɹԼͺɣղҿ߽ʱ񣬶סˣ˵öԲԣ
У᰹ķˡ
ȴһС
ֻҪ΢ת⣬ܿôǣôƿ۾أشʱ֣ͻȻһֻůס
붼룬סֵˣ϶ǳ
ֻȫûκֻоţޱȵůޱȵޱȵġۡ
סֺ󣬳شǰ˾վţǿա
£˶û˵ʱʤᰣڴ˿̴Ĭ
ȻûȷϹϵ˴˿̣ѾϷ㲻˵Ҳ˵˾ܸܵ˴˵⡣
ϣûᰡǡֱ˾ˣɵϣӶߡ
һκͳ˯ͬһŴϣᰴ˿ȴоǳɺͰģ֪϶ʲôԽ֮٣ֻᰲĿߡ
İ˿ߣǶôҸ飡
ֻоȫûбҸŮˡ
һҹ˯úѵõ˯˸ڶʮһ𴲡
ƽһһΪСᰱˣԲô𴲡
͵ʱ򣬿һֱϢᰲЦСǲں˼ʲôҺͳԲ
̲ͣסЦ᰽㣬ô֪ں˼룿˼ҿʲôû˵Ŷ㣬úأ
˵ֻЦӡ֤Ĳ²ǶԵġ
϶ı᰽ڻˡ




1552¡׼ۻ
 

Ц΢΢ͷȥ˹˹ĵĳͣ·һߵ»Сӡ
⸱ģڳó鶯ѡ
ᰵĽߣϲһ档
ͺ󣬲ƽ㿪ڵᰣͳҽǼ£Ӧûôعɣ漸죬СǣŮƽʱҲ¡
ִΣѾԳٳȥ棬ҲͲõˡ
֣Ҫڱ᰽ͳǰòã
ϰ˵һ˵ӡ
ִŽϰ֣ǲɵ˼Һò׳ȼ٣磬ӻȥݣ챻ιҶûԷˣ
ƽһɫЩΡ
ȻŮײò˵ԼûŮǵܵ
˼СǼ£磬ǰеġ
ԼŮǣôطˡ
Ůһۺ󣬲ƽᰣԴǸЦᰣҽ˼ҿǲˣɣСһǼιԣǿ棬˷νʱ䡣
ˣ塣΢Цܵʵ֮ǰоԣǼҲûҪ鷳С
֣Ϊ˻Σѵ׼ù飬㿼ǵ˿ϰӡ
ٴαŮӣƽϵЦˣǺǣᰣʵڲ˼Ȼ׼ǾͺúɣвĵطҿǼ˾ǹȥ
õģлл塣˵ţͳһֿۣƽˣǻ׼ȥμһѧͬѧۻᣬڽ磬ʱ鷳˾Һͳȥ
û⣬ھ͸˾˵һ
ƽ˵ֻ꣬˾һ绰
ڵȴͨĹУƽֿʵᰣǾۻص
ҿ΢Ⱥᰴֻ΢ţǸۻȺ֪ͨԺ󣬱̧ͷشƵꡣ
ۻҲܸ߶˰ǼƵ꣬һЩ쵼ѡٿŷᡣƽһ˿죬Ҳξ棬ϾݣҲסöˡ
΢΢һЦǰۻҺⷢչõļͬѧǣͷٰģһкƽͬѧǼ߷չúܲ鱦⣬֪û˵
ƺͬѧӡ󻹲⵹е⡣
Ϊ֢ˣѧʱ֢ûκãͬѧӦúŶԡ
ƽȻû˵϶Ǹˡ
ƽ
ƽŬһ£ܿҡҡͷ
˵Ǽµ鱦ҵҵʶˣû˵ͬѧ֡
𣿺ƽ˵ǼݵλˣʶΪҲʶе졣
ƽЦЦҲпҹªˣƽʱûôע鱦С辭鱦˵ƽˣСʶ𣿡
ҲʶҲҡҡͷȻᰣ᰽㣬˵ͬѧ㴵ţأ鱦⣬Ǽ¶˶ʶģͬѧűҵ꣬ܰô󣿷Ҳš
֮ԲţΪкܶͬѧ
ƽʱţ죬һϸһ£ͷִţ©ٳ߰Ѽ徭ӪĲҵ˵Լģġ
ʵһֱ˵ĳҲģֻû˵
ȴ΢Ц͵ƽϲţˣһȺͬѧΪʵ̤ʵصģũԼƴչҵͰôҵϵ˵ȺͬѧǿҶ
ᰣ㶼ô˵ĻҵͦƽƽһȤ
ǸˣһɫˣץסκλᣬչԼõ
Ǹƽҵϵĵλƽ˿ˣһֱѳ⣬һѶһ·仰
ðǾۻҾͰѺƽ壬ʵڵˣòʧ΢Ц
ƽͷ˵ЩʲôȴŮȵ᰽㣬˵ǸƽʵˣҲֻǼǰӡɣ˶ǻģҳױ䣬ܾ˵Ǽ¶˶ʶ仰ܲף᰽㣬ҶŶ
ûϵº촽
Ҳ֪ǸȾףܰѵѧȾɸɫ
Ǽ飬ѧ̫ˣܹ⡣




1553¡ĵȴ
 

ֻᰵԸ񣬲룬οƽѧʶұȽ˽ͬѧ
̼ǵõҶ֪캮֢˵顣
ȻˣѧĸкܶǮƵͬѧͼӽ붯ñȽǿӲֶΡ
᰿ѧ񶷼ɵģЩ˼ĸǣյĽ͵ʴס
ƽ֪֢ȴ־룬ÿμ˷û᰺ᡣ
ʱˣҺͳ׼ȥ壬첻ǵķռƻͬѧۻԷ϶Ҫһһģᰲ˵
ƽЦͳҽÿĵ㣬˾ǡ
ͷһվںͲƽһҸ󣬱̼߳ұţϳƵȥ
ָߵεͬѧۻᣬȻھƵſӭӡ
ߵƵſں󣬱һƵСˣȥ
˵ݣ22¥ĺһͿѾõý̻ԻֲͣʧҪĻܷϱξۻ⡣
ھۻỹûʼһЩԱػصæµţæͷʺҲǹʼı׼
ᰴһĲã΢΢һЦӦһѧƵͬѧ߻ģ˵ͬѧҲǸͦȤˣǸgay
һʱе죬Ϊѧʱǳ䣬϶ûʲôͬѧû뵽ʶͦ˵ģʶ棬ͬС
Ȼڹͬϡ棬Ҳֻйڲ̸֮ɫ䡣
ᰣͬͬѧʲô֣ô
а棬ֵ棬ֺŮͬ᰻ش
ŶһᰵͬѧȻֶôŮԻ
ʱ˸ȡʱû뵽ԼҶӻһͬ
漴һ뷨Ǿǰ֣ҲᰵͬͬѧԼĵġ
뵽̲סʵᰣ棬òỹǸ0ɣ
֪ûͦࡣǹһЦ⣬ûȷʵ0ῴ֪ˡ
˵ʵÿ汾ˣܴԷʲôӡ
һ˵ͬΪ010ݵͬŮѽɫƫŮԻ绯ױͿָ࣬ʲôġ
1ĴͱȽԻԻ·ܳԸҲһ㡣
01оֹҲͬ0Ϊǻ1Ϊman
ᰱ߱ģСλ¡
е磿˿ſڣǽžûˣûˣҲûˡ
᰿˿ֱȻ˵ʮ㣬һ㣬ŵȵȰɣ᲻ģ
ᰡһôģ
ĻشᰲɵӹһĨϼȻһڵ컬࣬ۻʽʼɵøһ㡣
ҵܲôˡװһʮӣᰲݸһЦ
뵽飬ֲеСš
ܿ죬ᰵĺͬѧ½½ˡ
ЩͬѧŮòΣȫǳ󷽵壬оֹҲ͸¶ʣһ֪ʲôεˡ
߹ᰴкʱʿǶòı־룬Լᰵء
Щ֢ͬѧ϶ǲᱻμӾۻġ
Ȼᰵĺ֢Ѿõòˣôųԡ
ֻ᰻û¸ͬѧǿ᰺һúܽȫǳ档
һ᰹ϵϺõŮͬѧЦʵᰣĺ֢ǲκˣ
£ҵٺ˵ɡ
ȻûиȷĻش𣬵Ҵ΢ЦУܴŲ²𰸡
϶Ǻһ׮᰹ϵϺõǸŮͬѧз짣Աߣᰵʱʱһۡ
ͬѧΧλ£ҲǺĴһ³
ҶڰԲ²⣬ʲôݡ
ϾᰵԸ񣬾״һμӾۻᡣ
ȴϵĴˣ
ζʲôľ飬Ҷͬһ²⡣
Ǿǣȥ͵дһʵˣпǱɽŮͬѧᰵѣȻȻҶ²⣬Ȼû˵ҲͲһʱʳ
һ˵ĺͨϸ΢ֵ֮ø쾡¡
λ֮ˣǺĵᰶԳʽܡ




1554¡
 

˴Լʮ֮һ޳ݡ硢Ƥӣ̤ŵеֵĲ߽
˵Ŀ⣬һǸӿȥ
Ӹĵһӡֻ֣ڣ
ǵģϻױͿࡢ·Ʒǳ欵ӣ޴֡
ˣǰֻӰӾ￴
ǰŮǵйۣŮˣ߸Ůˡ
Ҳ룬֪˿϶˵Ǹgayͬѧ档
ᰵԭ򣬳ûеһӡ԰
ӲòȡˣҲֻͬҪͬС
һұ׷ЦŸк
棬ˣ
ǰĵڶˣüû欺öడ
һ㣬Ҫвᰵĵһλӣһ仰Ƿ˵ġ
С󣬲ʲôᰶǵһŮѧڰ׸ѵĹУҲǵʲõĵһУ
ͬİ棬ͱϷΪڶŮԼҲȻˡ
ֻߵǰָ֮һЦĸҸᰱȰ겻ŮƯ˺ö࣬ϴܲãʹȻһء
лл佱棬Ҳǡ΢ЦӦ
ӴҪ˵˼ңװ˼ҰֱģŤŤ˵Ůÿο㣬ҶΪʲôԼ˵뷨Ҳͬҿ϶ᰮģ

һôЦ
Ҳ֮΢Цһʱࡣ
ŰָһЩ˧ͬѧкҶ֪ȤζϲϷ˧磬˼߸˧ϷģǿɲԼ䡣
ȻҲûмϷȥʿɶֹԼ˵ķС
ʱͻȻһס
Ȼ޳ٽë¡Ӱ˫ֱۣ
ףףףһ˲˶ˡ
õôӦ
ţǸоһκͲڡ
Ҫ˵ᰵļ߸˧ͬѧȣʲô
иòῴ˰ɣ뵽Ĳһ񺮡
ֻ澪ȵĿڵŮλԱߵ˧ǣ
ʣ֪ڴĴ𰸣ܾҪ᰿˵ˡ
᰼һ˻û뻹Ǿ
һʽܳͬѧ棬ȫ˵롣
棬ȱżǵȺƽˣٺúøǽһ¡
ôѽʱ˺ģɵöԳݸڴˡ
ֹʮӺ󣬼˶ˣֻһǾ֯ξۻĺƽ
ǵĺ´ϰǼԽԽˣڻû짲Թһ䡣
ʵҶúƽδе̫ˣֻûз˵ֱ
ô˵һŮͬѧ͵ǰǰʲôۻᣬƽÿζǵһ֮󻹰æ޲ã˵ڿ죬ڵһģϡ档
˷׷ȻǲԹƽΪƽƷĿá
˵ƽӴҲûлôҵͬ
ӡУƽͲֻڼӵˡ
ʵƽҲɣҶ֪ھӪ鱦⣬˴æˣ˵ʱµˡһͬѧڵ
⻰һ˵ܶ˵ͷʾͬ˵
ڵ˾ۻʽʼǰһӣŴˡ
߳һװߵƤЬˣֻһ߼İ۸ʮϡ
ȻϼֱֵȣǸİľͲʲôˡ
ȻúܸߵƤڣҲȽͨ
ڳܶũ˶߹˴ٺãվβסһ˿
´ϰ壬ڵˣǵȵúþð짿ƽԲڵ
ΪѧʱڣҶϰߡ۸ƽʵˣƽҲӲԷ짻ǰͺƽ˵
ԤУƽڵĵһ仰϶ǸǵǸȻ˵Ҫ´ϰ壬ܲ
֮еģƽûԤ˵΢΢üԴĵ짣֪ⷱæÿӶܲһʰµĴףھۻʽʼǰϵѾܲףΪһƵ˽飬ʧߴһʮ򣡵ȻҸ˲ǺںʧܺʹҼһܸ˵£ֻǷʲô´ϰˣֻǻǱߵĽз̫ˣ㻹ǽҺܰɡ




1555¡ʽ
 

ƽյ˵һĻʱѷ째ˡ
ǰĺƽɲϬ
ȫû뵽żû棬ʵͽĺƽ·ȫһƵġ
ܴ硢ʻ̸£ǰһˡ
ڳˣͷһ档
Ҳǣ˶ǻãرǴѧУһʱ䣬仯Ϊԡ
ƽһҵͿԼڶ鱦ҵƴ̶̼ʱ˳ɾͣǰǸʵͽ԰쵽ġ
һɹȫλ仯Ҳ
ƽı仯ҶΪǺ£һ÷짽ܣҾ;е㲻̫ˡ
Ͼͬѧò׾ۻһΣʲô֮Ķ֡
ƽܾǲһ˵ôˣ治㡣짴žȸ̾
仰ûʲôҲΪ˻գúƽôࡣ
ȻƽؾȻֱӰ짣ҲҺ𣿾ֻ֪ǿĹϵӪһǼƵ꣬ݲ࣬ͺǰˣ
⻰һ˾Ըеš
ֻ÷ǳɵ˵˭Ҳû뵽ƽķӦȻô
Ǹgayȥˣ̲סǻĿǿڵƽôѽͬѧһõųƺô𣿴Ҷ֪Ҵҵнĵλףͬѧ֮ûҪʲôλߵͣ˵ǲǣ
ⷬôҷ׷׵ͷ
ᵽᰣҲڵƽٴ۲ףԷһ㣬ûҪţɡ
˵ƽǺɫҲһЩƺǶԷе㲻ֿڵ˼ҲҪǳƺҺܣֻǷһҾͽҺ´ϰ壬ͷ
ѽ˺ˣȻҶˣͱƽЩ÷ԱϲˣǱ߳Ա
˵ţ÷ԱǰѸʽ߼Ʒ
ʱһֱĬĳע⵽ƽĿ⳯Ƴ
е˭Ҽǵûɣƽֳǵͬѧеκһˣʵ
һʣȫᰡ
Ҷ룬ǵıɽŮͬѧܸýܳ˰ɣ
ʷһƬհסҲδᰣ뵽ԼһʽͬѧǽѣĻǺܽŵġ
ѵÿᰳֽɫɵøڴ׼ôܳˡ
Ψɫĺƽ֮ϸ΢ı仯
ֱ仯ǳ΢˭Ҳƽ˿ʲô
ڽ״̬еᰣûע⵽ƽı飬һ˫ճȭ״⿴˳һۣȻŶгҵѡ
ǳ̵һܣȴ֪᰹˶
һ˲䣬һƬȻ
Ȼܶǰ²⵽ˣ׶ᰵǻǷǳ𾪣
֢˵ıɽŮ񣬾Ȼˣ
Է짡˵ͷ·̫߳
ܣᰣôܽѣƽ仰ѿڶ˲λϱ
Ҷᰵе𾪣ûһͬѧƽӦôġ
ѾǷӦˣǺƽܿϲᰡ
ЦĵƽòᰵǱ˺þ˰ɣ
ûûУе£ƽʶԼղʧ̬ˣæ֡
Ҷеˡ
ʵƽᰣҲú
ϾǶͬѧˣᰵ˶ȥˣȱƽһ
ֻڿóƽܻܿûġ
ƽ˼ұѾͷɣ
짵Ļúƽɫ΢е㲻ÿˡ
浱ִԲˣǵıڲ֢ܺӰ죬ѣӦùϲ˲Ŷԣ˵Щеûġ
ϲϲ
һͬƣᰲɵøое㲻˼
ͻȻ֮䣬ס֣ĿͬʱһŷҲ֮ۡů
รѺù֣ȻǻôۻᰡóԷĹιˣ짿ĶЦ٩
ᰱôһ˵ˣȴûɿ֡
һĻĺƽ۽Ǻݺһ¡
ɫȸղźͷ짶ʱÿ
ᰣ֯ͬѧۻᣬû˵ܴŮѹϾͬѧ֮ľۻᡣ
ƽ仰˵÷ǳˡ
ϣμӱξۻᡣ
⻰˵Ҷܲ졣
˼ᰴѹҲʲô¡
ƽ˵ֻͲ̫ˡ




1556¡
 

ԭҾãƽڸձҵĶ̶̼䣬ô󣬳ҵͷ֮⣬̿϶˲١
ƽһֳƺǰˡ
ǰƽֻʵͽ̫˵
˵ȴ˵úֱᰵӺ͸ܣһʱе㽩Ӳ
ţƽĻŪöʱе㲻ͬѧľۻᣬǲڳƽ˪ɫµƽΪҰҵѴûʲô⣬ҲϣܺͳʶΪѣԺлپ۾ͱȽˡ
ƽô˵ȻûлӦɫȻÿ
ʱ짲ˬĿڵƽҲû˵ñ˴Ůѹֲʲô߶ҵۻᣬᰴѹҪ˵ôҲǲǣ
ȷʵڳͬѧղŻĵúܿģƽһΧͼ½ˡ
ƽɨͬѧһۣգֻѡǿһ˿Цݵ˼ᰣҲǹѣֻϣԺپ۵ĻǶҪǰ˵һҺðš
û˵ʲôֻǾúƽδ̫Сˡ
ãҲͲϼۡ
˺ˣԷɣúɡкһ
˾Ƹɱ֮ƽʱȽٵͬѧϻҲˡ
һ߻вˣһ˽ǰѧʱĻ䣬Լ⼸ķչ
ƽû˵Ϊһ˵Լ⼸ġ桱ҲΪԼʸѹὲ᰻ʸ
Ϊֻǿżϵϼܲãʵ϶Ȳ
ڳƽͷβû
ܳ᰿һ㣬ƽѹסһơ
˵̸ЦֲͬѰʱ򣬺ƽֻ΢΢¶ǳŵЦݡ
ͬѧ⼸ľ
ЩҪôǼ̳мҵҪô׬˵СǮ鱦ȫȡ
ȻҲҺƽ죬ͨղŵ飬Ҷúƽ˲̫ý
úƽķǳˬǣڳһ˱ӵ
߻˵װƣˣǳ
ͷβû˵һ仰ֻʱʱ᰼вˣһһȻ⡣
ȣǿ⹴ŻȵĺƽԵеˡ
Ҳúƽˬһ㡣
ֻ㷢ֻŴѹὲͬѧΪĴ澭𾪣ʱ򿴿Ůѣôװơ
һͬѧԼľֵˡ
ֻǺܼԵ˵Լҵľûиͬѧ˵ԼܲõḶ́ټ衣
ԸǾǰ߿ġ
ƽһֱעᰵ촽촽һϣ֪ӦýˣȲĿڵŴҿ϶⼸ľܸˡ
Լ£ҶܸȤأ
ƽδ˵꣬ͱ짴ϡ
ֻ²Ŀųᰵѣԡ
ҸղźƽᰵʱҲһֱ۲ƽķӦ
ʵ짾ǹϺƽģ֪ƽѾȫˣҪúƽڵĻ϶ὲһѴԼĻ
Լȫƽţ
Ҳ١
Ϊƽ΢ȺѾﰵﴵöˣԭҶٴμƽ֮󣬴Ķı뷨
෴ģ짶Գ˵ǵĿȫ۵ϡ
짶ԳܸȤҲһ
짴˵ĺƽֱð
짣ʲô˼
Ժƽʣ짲ķʵôҳ𣿡
⻰һƽͷһһ̣Ļֻܱһӻ𣬵ǷĻͬѧۻ޷ȥˣ֮ǰԤ뱳ۡ
ƽҽ꣬ѹὲ𼱡ֿڴԲ
ƽȻǻͬѧܷУ˿̵ǾðԲܼʱ
ѹὲҲܳöྫʣԱȲľ
ţƽƱһڣԼ̨¡
ҲʱͺƽƽϣĿ¶ڴĿ˧磬ϽǽԼ£
ֻһҽûʲô˽ġ˵һ仰ǻһ
һᰵѣǲǵ͵ͷˣǱɽŮͬѧѣݵλ϶ͬѰ
ǵ͵Ļֻһҽᰣ
û𣿡짿ɲΪôͨ׷ʵ˧磬ǶˣôָΪֻһҽ




1557¡ȳɾ
 

仰ʳڣ˵ĸ͡
ǰǰǿɲֻҽ
ѧʱ򣬴˭֪Ů۹ˣиĳʡǰ帻Ķ׷ûۣǲݣôҲǸʡ׸ĹӰɣ
һƬУҲˣҿ˧Ͳһͨҽӣ˵˵ļͥ¡
ڴĿ⣬Ц
˵˶ᾪ°͡
ǳΪû˵ıҪ
ֻᰲμͬѧۻģȻҺȫѹעȷˡ
ֻǳԽ˵ᰵͬѧǾԽǺ档
ֻкƽãװƹͷˡ
װôأ˵ֻһˮѡ
ʱ΢ЦڵǱƳ˵ˣȷʵֻһҽǼŵϯҽʦ
ô˵짵ľͷһ¾ûˡ
ƽǹŻȵ짣㿴˵۹治Уһ˵ݵλ״ʲôһ۾ͿˣһʼͲкܸߵڴ
˵ôǱᰵǲǣ짷ֺƽÿοڶǾˡ
ƽҡҡͷҿᰵѣ˵ľʵ˵Լֻһҽˣǻߴ£һ᰼ϰҽʦλٸߣܸߵȥ
֮⣬ϯҽʦְλϡ
˾룬ϼŵϯҽʦȻǴ򹤵ģô˵Ҳн
ֻ࣬ԼҽˮƽõнѾǳǳ˲ˡ
ڻģ϶һ
ƽ˿ȻȳǿҲ˿˼Ұ
οǰ˵
Ȼóƽü΢΢һе㲻ˡ
μӾۻᣬѡ͵㣬⡣
޷̺ƽϳ
ƽ֪鱦úܴ󣬺˲𣬵ƶʡģҽǾҽԺԺѼҪԳƣҳһ֮ƳʮһҩԼѪҺկɽţһ¾ܲ鵽ЩɾͣǷҽѧ綼ǳҫۣ֪ƽĳɾͺͳأ
һһǳɣ˵úƽһʱ޷
סˣ
ǰᰵѣƽƽ棬ȻҽѧôĳɾͣͬɵϢҲǳ޴
ƽƽʱæԼ⣬ûעǱߵҽѧ綯̬
˸֪һڻҽѧճĳ
짡Ҳһȫ֪ĳ˸Сҽ
ôһ˵˷׷׾̾
ôںĵʹ£˶óֻѯţȻ鵽˵ļҽѧţ
£˿Ŀⶼˡ
ԭڻҽѧǱôţ
ᰣ˵ҽôȡôҫ۵ĳɾͣĽ˸ҽĺˡ˵ĽҲĽ
գգٽë˧磬㻹æзܹݵĻƷĺðŶһҪȥһյԣ
˷׷׳޳᰸оӡ
ʼգŵЦ⡣
ƽԽԽǲˬ΢ĿڵȡõЩɾͣȷʵԣֻ³Ѹ˵ѧҽȲ˻ˣ仰ڻûйʱΪʱֻͶ̺֮УԸӰҾĴɾߣ
һƽ⻰˵δ̫ٴˡ
һ¾ͽʲôҾȥ
짵һȥ̲ס˵ƽ˵ҪҪôЦӰҾأ˵úԼǸһ
ڵһûУһˣƽ˵ţ۾⣬ɫʮţôʱ䣬ͳΪ鱦ҵ࣬ͨ鱦гͶյҵύֳɾͣȫʮǰˣĸУɶԶ鱦г¢ϣޱǿǸ˵ûӰҾ
ƽ˵ǣֻ𻨣·һѾˡ
ȴΪȻƲʹɣһǾ˼ҳˣ
ˣҲġ
һЩ˻Ϊƽĳɾ͸ߣ磬ҵҪԺӰ϶ҽѧöࡣ
ƽ¢鱦гǾŵϺŵҵˣŵҽѧҲȲˡ
ڷ짵ĻƽֻҡҡͷЦ
һֻԺֵǧС㣬ôóͳĳɾͣ˭ߡ
ֻ˵󣬳ᰲΪԭմմϲĺƽܸоþ
취֤ԼУ




1558¡鱦
 

ҳԵôˣƽⲻӦ짣תƻʵ
˿˿ϵķˣһٳ˲඼㷹ˡ
ԵòˣƽʲôĿʵ
ʵ֮ǰҶ΢Ⱥʹۻ극Ҫʲô
ƽ΢Ⱥһֱأӣǲ˵Ĳ߻
˱θڵ죬֪ƽܸʲôϲ
ֻƽ΢΢˵Ҵȥ¿鱦꿴
ǰɣ鱦ʲôÿģƽ͸ǰֽĿ𣿡ʾܲӡ
Ҳһ鱦δ̫ˡ
ŮӣҲȤȱȱǸȱ鱦ȫ¶ȫ鱦Ʒơ
ֻƽ˵ҵµ꣬ʱȫǰʮ鱦ʦƵһټϡ鱦ȵȵã鱦Ļɲ࣡ҿͬѧķϣһԸǾŻݡ
仰һŮӵĿȫ
һ鱦ǵңͿˡ
ȫǰʮ鱦ʦƷǾȫһ
ҪһȥҫǶӵ飡
ƽķ짣һ̶Щˡ
Ҳǣϲ鱦ڲϾ͹һˮ
˺ƽĻڴʵƽ˵ȫǰʮ鱦ʦеλ
Ůʿڽһڵȫ鱦ʦаУŵ˵λƽ˵ϵĵ֮ɫԽԽˡ
Ͼܵõһλʦ鱦˿ɲࡣ
ƽеһ
ȻǰݣҰƵ鱦ˣڳŮӣв˶̾
ȻЩǧСĿУλǳߡ
ЩŮϣŰƵ鱦
˫Ŀ΢΢޷ԼĶ
짱ĺƽĲһЦ
ȻûκŮӣܹ鱦ջ
ֿһֱû˵ᰣᰵɫҲһ仯
ƽΪĶˣʵֻǶ԰ֱֳһ˿ȶѡ
ᰣ֪𣿡º͵ʵ
֪ᰲų鱦ֶʯ᰾;
ϲƵ鱦;һᰡ
ںƽʲô뷨ȫν
ţʶ鱦ܴ󡣡תͷش
ԣ΢΢һЦǴ͹ȥɡ
á᰻һЦ
˽ĺƽû˳ֱ仯ֵҶ򵽰Ƶ鱦ȻǾͳɡ
˷׷վ˵Ƶһ¥ȻͣںƽĴ£ǰǼҵڽ·
ͣó֮󣬺ƽ߽ڽ·һһװ޺鱦ꡣ
鱦ſڣۼˣųɳĶ飬ÿ϶˷ܺͽţҲһûڵı顣
Ϊƽĵֻ꣬һټƵ鱦ʱ
ЩûڵˣǺԼûŶӵģµһŵԼ򲻵ˡ
ƽôˣǸòŲ˰ɣе㽹ʵ
鱦ϲ̶ȣŮͬѧҪߡ
ƽĻӦżҵĵÿֻ۶ʮ鱦죬컹ǵһ죬ʮ鱦ȥˣʣ°ʮ
һԭƽǼӪĲԣǾͷˡ
ˣȴǽιһ¡ƽŶӵĳ߽
ЩŶӵĹ˿ԭӣԱĶͷʺ򣬵ʱǵϰ塣
һ߽ͬȥֻվһЩװĵƺǺƽѡ
ǽһ£⼸λǼºҵĴٹӣǼµľǼˣλǷ٣λǱ٣λǡƽѼӸһλλܹȥҫ͵⡣
ӸֻǼ򵥺ᰵͬѧǴкϵİȻ֮ɫһҲΡ
ܳ᰻ǰǶóƽ⼸ѣƲǡ
λмĿڵ٣Ƕ˭ôǼ¶ȦûЩˣ
٣ѧʱͬѧ󲿷ֲǼˣ㲻ʶҲƽæЦ
һʱû˽ύ˼
ƽʲô֪һ
ôͺƽЩͬѧܺõȥҪǺƽʶһλǼ鱦ҵĴҲ϶Ϻƽ




1559¡ͬѧ
 

ƽҲ֪⼸ѣͬѧ
һȺͬѧֻǰչԼжǿܽʶǼºŴ١
һȺͬѧʲôܲܺͷٽύϣ޹ˡ
ҽȥİ鱦չ񿴿Ҷۣƽ˵ţһԱ֣ͬѧչߡ
Լͷٵȼ̸
ƽһֱԼЦУȫðҡͷ
ʵͽ̤ʵصĺƽıˡ
ͬѧۻᣬǺƽǣͷ߻ġ
û뵽鱦꣬ƽæдѣֻõԱдȺͬѧ
Դ˭ﶼЩ
Ҳ뵽Ǻƽܰôԭ֮һ˼ȷʵȡᣬѺͬѧı߶ҵҪԶ
ֻǶ׷̫עͬѧˡ
ڳˣǰ;϶ޡ
ᰣ㿴°Ƶ鱦ɣ㿴ļϲģ㡣
šͷȻûʲôķ·һ
˻϶ܶ಻˳ǳˡ
Դõİ취Ǿɿ
ǵͷǾǧҪԷΪ۸
ȻԺƽ۸вã˶Ĭ˺ƽˡ
ڳУñ˴˿Ҫġ
ߵ鱦չߺ󣬳˵Цһߵĺƽθ̸ۡǺӰ졣
ȫȫһе£˶Ľˡ
ǿܺƽӰ졣
ΪƽǱߺͼѴ컨׹ô󣬺޲ȫ˶֪ǾǰѶסü
΢΢üСֹʶǼ´𣿿ܵġҪ򰢶ݵ鱦Ͳˣ
˶ìģ鱦Է짵ջǴ짶ԺƽĲˬ
˿ʼѡ
һԱᰵһͬѧչİ鱦ۼ۶߳ɰ
ô˵ҲˣԭΪЩ¿Ͽۼ۸ߵҲܽܡ
Ǹ߳ɣ̫ˡ
鱦һۼ۶Ǵʮϰ
ɵĻǾҪһʮ
ᰵͬѧȻǮ˭ǮҲǴġ
ҪǹǧҲˣǹһʮ򣿸ɲɵӣԽǮԽ׵ԩͷ
ּ۸߲ٺĶԺƽĿֱˡ
һΪƽǴۣչͬѧأԭ̴ôٴۣ֪ĻΪŻȶ󣡡짹ܴ²۵
Ҳ׷
ƽһУ͸ƽʱ̵ꡢĴֶһģһ
ĳ˫11ĳ618ڣ֪˶ΪڹŻȷǳ
ϸĵ˿϶֣ᷢڵ֮ǰҾͻ͵͵ۣȴ˫11618ȥһ׬ñƽʱࡣ
ǵͨ˿͵ֶΣƽصشͬѧԼ鱦ꡣ
ôͬѧ𣿷짲޵Ļ˺ƽĶ
תͷ΢ĻӦ짣ǧС㵽ûģҵ꿪Ǽҵ֣֪֪һҪ٣鱦ñһ㣬Ǻ𣿡
㡭һʱᣬ˵
է֮£ƽĻе
Ƕ鱦۸еİ棬ܿͷ©ˡ
ƽҼǵð鱦ĸ鱦ۣȫͳһۣ˵ĵߣ˵ܳòã
һȫȻ
ƽǰ˿ˡ
ȻƽûһӣӲ˵ʲôȫͳһ۶ģ鱦߼۸ҵǱǰ򣬷鱦ȥҼ߼۸һдŶӺ
٣˵úãûǮͱˣͼ鱦ƽǵۣһм֮ɫ
˵÷짵˷ǳߡ
ҲȷʵԺƽ޿κΡ
鱦ʵ̫ˣ
ƽ⸱̬ȣ˻ǲԸȥ
˳
ʹȥԶһ鱦֡
һɫɫʯ׹ᰵı˪ʷǳƥ䡣
ҲᰴԶ׹϶޶ˡ
ɲ뱻ƽǮ
ᰣϲԶ׹𣿡
ţͦϲģǺƽ̬ȣϲҲ鱦ǿȥ꿴᰺ͳ뷨һġ
ֻ֪Ҫһ仰ͻΪ¶׹
ƽӡ
ʱ˵ĶߴһŮԶ׹ϡ鱦ȫֻʮԣŶѾظߣ㵽Ҳ򲻵ġ
˵֮ˣǸ٣һŪ鱦֪ʶһ߹




1560¡Ϣ̫
 

ȫֻʮԣ
ô˵ŮǿǶԱɫʯ׹Ŀ⣬ȫ
ȻȿԶ׹Ϊͬѧɲ
׹ֻʣһˣںƽĵۼۻرߡ
Ǯ˼ҵС㣬Զ׹ҲҪԼǮ
߹󣬺ƽѸں棬ʵ⼸ע⵽ˡ
رǷ٣ᰵʲô˼ǳԡ
ܵ˪˵ֻʣһԣҲ򡣡
˵껰ۣסĸ첲
Ŀ΢Ŀ⼸١
ᰣʾ¹ϵж⼸ٱ̫ࡣ
ټס첲ע⵽Уԭ۵ˡ
λŮѣ
Ϲ˿ôֱӲ˻ȥ
Ǽ䣬ٵɫȥ
ƽѣҲû뵽Է٣˵Ȼ˲
짵ᰵͬѧаúã
ҶǮˣ˭˭أ
ǮҲȫʮְġ
ᰵͬѧǣû竸ӵܵƢӡ
ദֻж̶һСʱʱ䣬ȴܵ÷ǳ
˵᰿˵۹ֻܲΨۺƽû뵽ƽ仯ô
ڣҼȾóٺˬͬʱҲȽϵĳϾٿǼ±غŴ١
ǾڻĻҼͥܲһٶԳҲԶˮȲ˽
Ȼеŭ𣬽֣ƾ㣬ҲҺ˵
ǼҵվҲ˵ȻϬء
Ǽ֮ˣοһ٣
򱻳仰ݺһ¡
ңɲ˭ۡ
Ǽ£ҴϵȨơ
Ļҵζ
ҪǴȥĻ˭֪³ֻһ
Цһ·ɵһų
ϣ֪ߵغ̫ˡ
ңǰСȴʴʣѰ·
δȷٿڣƽŭ֪Լ˵ЩʲôǸ嶼ӣҿǻòͷˣҪǿᰵϣ̽бȥ
Ŷԡ֣ȴޱȵš
գһµ˽ŵĵز
짡Ƕû뵽̶̼仰ͺͺƽ˳ͻ
¿ɲõˡ
鱦깺Ĺ˿ǣ׷߿
Ƕܺ棬Ǹ˭Ȼϰ塣
Ҫ֪Ǽҵֿˣûһġ
ƽߵķ٣˿ǶóǸŴ١
Ϊٷǳߵڳ쭳ץϹˡ
ֻÿαץһܷų
ɼټжǿ
Ǹ˵Ĵ٣³ʲô˿Ѿܲ³š
׼úƽʱ߽һ¡
ȫ£ŻΣǶƷơ
ҵĹ˿ͶǮˣϵӣûһȵ½¡
£ŶӽԶ˹ϵ
˵ǲǷǳǮô򵥣ͥ϶Ҳ
½Ǹдһ˿ʢǵ鱦ĸչ񣿿ٹȥ
仰һڣᰡƽͷٵˣȫǸٿȥ
Աεվԭأ֪ҪҪȥдǶ¡
龰ǶڿԾˡ
٣ôˣٿǸүĵһۣʮ־ϲѿڶȻӭ˹ȥ
ٺ١ʱƽľϲ֮
Ϊ֪Ǽ£Ƕţ
ȷٵļ廹Ҫǿöࡣ
ٸղŻһȴһĵӾ֪ˡ
ƽĿϲ֮£׼ȥύ
Ǹ٣ȴҲûӭķһۡ
˸ںĺƽ
˿̣𺧡η羴֮ɫ
Ȼƿߵǰķ٣ܰǰüףϹϾʺаҽû뵽鱦ʵ̫ˣ
һĻȫ˿뾪
짺Ͱǣû׵ô¡
ٱǿˡ
÷İͽôԳ׵ü
еϢʵ̫˶
ٺͺƽת˵϶д𾪺š
ǿǶҴٰ
ֻб˹٣ô붭ٻˣ
ˣƲĳ




1561¡֪η
 

ûҴ٣ǳ֮ǰĲѣǡ
Ҳû뵽Ǳŷһţ˻ûʹŮѳֹˡ
Ϻƽ鱦鱦Ǽ¶٣ȻһʱŮѹ˺ͳҲ⡣
٣ô£ǸճµģֻǸͨˣôٲԸŵʵ
ԣתȥô˵΢΢üͷ٣Ҳﰡ˵ôڻûҽҪͨ˵Ļؤ磡
ҽٸɻˣҽҲڶɣ
ƽҲġ
ʹ᰿е֪ҽڻǱ߱ҽˡ
һҽݣǼ¶ٱϥ
˵ͨ
ֱ˵٣ǲǵҽˣ
ҡٲʹҲʶݲˡ
öҴ٣ںôĵЦ
ʶһ󣬷ٷŵ̬һ˿ǸЦݵ٣ȷʵ̫˽ҽղһҽҪ֡
һȫסˡ
ղŻʮŵķ٣ˣ
ǻû˵ʲôء
짡棬Щᰵͬѧķ·һֻèצһ漫ˡ
ʲô˰÷˲̬ȴת
Խ֪ƫƫһ˵˼ҲûС
ֻܰţ̽
ߣһͻȻЦȻԸưոݡ
òףŵõһа۵Ļᣬװߡ
仰ķ٣͵һ
ǵĻе¡
ٿͻȻͲȻɲ⡣
̫ˣ
Բ𣡳ҽĶԲ𣡡ٲ裬ģͲˡ
һĻúƽʮ𾪵ͬʱҲرӦ
Ѻܴ˼ϲŽύ١
ڷȴܿĳģ
Էٵİͽᣬʲô
ѻ𡢱Ȳĸоúƽһʱˣ˵
ɡúͷٶ˵ϻ
ɴ⣬ԳͷתҲƵ뿪鱦ꡣ
˲ŷӦ
£ҿĿⶼһˡ
˭Ҳ˵ݱжֲ
ȷߺ󣬶ǱЦݵҽС鱦ûпļҿ͸λ
ˣԸȥɡ˰֣е㲻ͷĵ
ЩķУ̫ˣ䶼ˡ
׳˼ٶ˵ԼŮߵһȥ鱦
ʹǼ¶٣Ǹ־
ƽ뷨ͷǲһǳӵжҴٵȴãһӸһĵװƣʲôã
װʲô¶ûзһֻһ绰
绰ƽɫת˺ָֻܶ࣬˸ղŵš
Ǹ磬鱦úùŶô۸ɣǵŮ˵
üͷԺƽһ£鱦۸ô£
٣ģҵɱܸߡƽձƣøղŵɣ½һ顣
ȻĽͺܲ⣺ƽŪ˭أΪҲ֪鱦ȫͳһղǲŪҽǵģ
ȻŮѿ鱦ҵʱʱ̿Ķǣβۼķг
˽һִˡ
ƽתͷ˳һۣ漴ְ߷Żضϣ٣ôҺŪأǸͬѧᰵѣǱһȺүС㶼ҵͬѧҲܿǣɣҸͬѧۣǸŮѴۣô
һֱŷгƽûύǡ
ҪܺͶϹϵȺͷٽύǿ̫ˣ
ۣۻǱ󰡡ŮѵЩ⡣
̲ĵƽ⣬ǲ뿪ˣ
Ǻǣ˵ˡƽԶҴٵʣݲ࣬ҷ𣬵Ҳһζǰڳһ׼ְҵ΢Цپҵ鱦ԴŮȥҵ򡣡
ãܺã˵һ鱦ģôҵҽԭӽˮˣףƽûд
˸֪ʲôĴ
ǾҪŭѵƽƽȴһ޿ֵӡ
Ϊſڣ߽װĵ




1562¡Ҿǹ
 

һˣһŽ˿۾ˡ
ˣˣƽæЦݣæӭȥ
ı飬ȸղдʱҪġ
ᰣзһ𿴹ȥڲ²ˣʲô
ǿ˺ɫȴ΢΢һ䡣
ˣܲ򵥣
ƽ׳ʲô£һɫʵ
⸽һȺݵλ֮µҵ࿼죬˵£ƽڲƽŲԸϹ
ġƽŽһ
һƽ˵һ߿ߣȻٿǡ
ţһߵǰ˵˭ԭǶҵСûŶҲˣͳһ鱦ǲ̫ˣ
ȻǶ٣ȴԶԶȲ
ҲǼµĶ壬һ֮еȨƣֻܱѹ
ΪһûĵزڻүӲٳ֡
˵ƽǹڽЦ⡣
˵ɽ֮һ鱦ҵ˳ɹд빦ͶҪڷ
ѧУԥ
˭짵˵
˼֣ƺڻǼµĶûзҡ
δǲ³ݣƽʮֵĿڵҽһ£λǶǶҵǼŵǰʮȫ۲Ŵԣ
ԣȻ
ԭͷô
ȻǼŽǰʮˡ
Ҳ˵Ǻƽ󱳾
뵽ףƽ鱦Ϊʲôô
ԼңֻǼĶѡ
ûй򲻿ܴ˳ɾ͵ġ
٣ĻӦ˰ɣƽվڷߣƤЦⲻЦʵ
⸱ģһӡ
᰿ðҡͷƽѲǵǸʵѧˡ
ɫЩӲ˺ü룬űһ仰Ȼ֪ǶүǾ㿴үүϡ
үүӣĴ϶ǵĻҪǶүӵ棬һܸӣһСƾʲôҪҸӣ
ǱѵǷŭǱ
ȷʵûʸ񣬺ͷվͬһλ˵
˼һݣͰѹġ
٣鷳ȥŶӰɡƽһ˿Ū
ԭЩٿţŶӣ˼
ǺƽıķǳأȻǵ棬ֲнύĻᣬǾͲҪ̧ˡ
Ҳֻȥͬʱһ䡰ơ
û߳ţ˵ƽЩ˭
ǣѧʱʶͬѧ鱦ҸǴۣǻӹ󡣡ƽʵش
üͷŶӣǰ鱦ӹͨͨҳȥ
ɲȺүС㣬ʲôݡ
ֻҪǼ£ѹҵȨƣ޼
Ƕ˵ȴֻı顣
Ȼҽа۳ȥ
кϷˡ
СŮѣפԭأûߣת
ʱƽŷȨƣȫ޿֡
ߵһȺͬѧǰΪѵ˵ǲ˼Ŷ鱦ǵĹأҿţҲû취λȥŶӰɡ
ƽ㲻Ҫֱӿˡ
Ƕ˿ͲƽƽȻǽͲӦȥŶӡ
Ķ鶼ŵֵȥˣڳȥŶӣ϶򲻵鱦
짣˵ˣû취һоҪһеĹ򣡡ƽⷬ˵ùûʣ˶ֻ֪ڷз
򣿡
һֱĬĳڿˡ
Цȫͳһ۵鱦ɼ۸Ҳ鱦ҵĹ𣿡
ƽѾѿŭ
һëûСӣҲ̸򣿡
Ŷ߼۸£˼ˣƳ˷һۡ
ӵ÷ʢŭôҾǰѼ۸һҲû˸Ҷҷĳָֻţֻعǿ߲ʸƶϣܼס
عǿƶ仰ȷʵе
ͬЩ֮⡣
Ϊˣֻһζۣû뵽ôͱˡ
Ǹ÷еǣ˵Ļ
ϧ㻹ûǿƶĵز
仰ǲ죬ȻмЦ
ŭȥȻȫһɰԵҵƣ÷˶סˡ
ֻȻعǿƶ򣬶ңǹ򣡡




1563¡
 

ǹ򣿡Ȼ֮󣬲ɷЦ֮
Ҳ仰һѣΪĻ˵̫ˣ
ϣܹƶˣѾǳǿ
һ֮ףЩﹲͬƶȫȫʮ˶Ҫء
û˱ǵݵλߡ
Ȼ˵Լǹ
ѵڹҼĴ֮
ǶǶã仰˵δ̫
˵еаۣȻܹһսһ
ҸͶ孵ʵҪھϣҪ۾׹ġѩЩǿ
аȥѩ׹ҴֵĻ϶޷Żġ
Ȼ룬ɲһа۵ʵаܴ漣ǿߡ
Ǻƽ˿ֻóǸͷβɵӣ˵ԽԽûˡ
ĴѾɽֹ
ڷǰ˵˲֪ߵغĴ󻰣ȡ裿
һЦ󣬼˵СӣԼɸˣУȻ˵Լǹκı鱦Ķô鱦ҵ˶ǣǰ˵󻰣ҵҪôıҶµĹ򣡡
ݣҸûԳֵıҪɫݣŰȻ֮ɫ
ȷʵûҪԳ֡
ΪѾԤһЩͨ˿ˡ
飬ܿ쵽
Ϊ˵֪νĴ󻰣һ̣һƤЬȵ
Ҳȫˡ
鱦⿴ȥ
ֻʮװ񷶱ͷˣƽ鱦
ŶӵĹ˿ǣԭΪӡ
ǿʮʮˣ˭Ҳǽꡣ
ʮɢƣһǷǸƿȨ֮ˡ
֮󣬷еܳ
ΪʮˣǸһ𣬿ǼҵֵȺҵ࣡
û뵽ԼһС£ȻܹǵĹע
ļȻŽǼǰʮʮݵλȫԸһ
Ҳ˵Ǽҵңȫˡ
ʮҵվһԺˣƽʱֻڵֳܿ档
ܳƽӼ
óʮ˵ݣȷ͡
ʮ鱦꣬ƽԼϼҵǲðˡ
ڷӭ˳
λܣôˣЦʵ
һܻشǿ£鱦겻򵥰ȻܹôŶӣǼ£Ǻټ
δȷ˵ƽ㼤ȵλܣǺã鱦ϰƽΪõ鱦ȨԲô˿ĸԸŶӡ
ŶȻõ鱦ȨܱʾЩ棬Ϊ֪õ鱦Ȩжѡ
ǰˣȻܹõǳ򵥡
ʮܣȫ͵Ŀ⣬ƽ
ܵЩĿ⣬ƽ֡
û뵽ԼͻȻ䣬ӭһĻԵʮࡣ
죬Ծڷ֮գ
ûע⵽ԱߵķɫЩˡ
ʵ鱦ȨǷ㵽ģֻǷںƽ鱦Լõ߶ֳɡ
Ǻƽȴ˵úԼ㵽ȨƵġ
˿˵¼ϵƽԽΪ۹ٳ̽磬Ǵɡ
˷¾ºһʩչ󣬰ƽ鱦ҵȡõһгɾ͡
λܣɣ
ƽʮ꣬ɫĸں档
󣬺ƽͷΪǵһʱ䣬ضĿͶ鱦
ˡ
ʮһ̴꣬ԭأмоϲоη
úƽͷʮֳԾ
ʲô߳ƵĴϱɫ
һ̣Ǹ𾪵ķ֣֮ԱɫΪ˳
ôܣ
λܣճµСӲ鱦ҵԵͼ۹鱦ڴ¡
ƽû꣬ղŻǷ׷׳
죡

֪ν
ƽǵŭŵĿɿڴ
ô£
ûӦȴת뵽һּΪֲĿܣȻŵĿ
ֻЦ˵ˣҾǹɷô
ĵȻǼȲģǵʮݱߵĴ࣬첽ߵǰĶԳкʱ֪ԼˣҴúף
ʮԳʺһĻ˳ˣ




1564¡ô
 

ҽã
Ȼҽ̫ϲˣ
ҽܳ鱦𣿡
ʮʺ֮ǰڱ廨԰ϵһμ棬֪Ҫٱ
ûʮ࣬ʱȫڽֳۼѵֺѵ
֮Ҳһֱעֺѵıٶ
õǼ³سֺѵβʨ԰˼ϢЩ֪Ǿǲˣ
ִ֮ύĪң
˿鱦꣬ʮ˾ٶҲͲˡ
ǳᰣ￴óô£
짡ǣ°Ͷˡ
ݣбԽԽߣҲԽԽء
ƽͷɫڴ˿ѿ˼㡣
رǺƽΪԼչֵѾȫѹ
ڿǰѹʣ
ûлӦĻֻɫӲվš
һ̣֪Լ˵ʲôܿܶһٴ
˵ĶԴ˵ҵŮѿ鱦ʲôſڱտ˵鱦۸㶨ۣ鱦ҵĹƶģǼµˣܻⰡ
ó仰ưʵ򼥷
ǵͷԣһʱôˡ
鱦鱦̫ߣŭ˳ҽ
ʮ׷˹
˲оѹɽ
ںƽﻹվ˵ֻװ
ܣʲôʱƶ鱦ҵĹˣ
ȻҰȫͳһ۵鱦ô߼۸񣬷ܣɲİ
Ӧ̻Ǳ߷ӳһˡ
仰־ּ
ҪǱӳ̻ᣬʵ涼ʧ
λ飬ϣܺͳҽ⡭Ц̬ŵࡣ
˵ְ֮Ŀתߣ뿴ʲô˼
⣿ֵЦˣղſڿ˵ԼƶȴҪҵ⣿ÿ𣿡
ɫһ½סˡ
Ǹ̨£
߳ŭ֮£ȻЦݡ
Ҳӣ
Ǽ̽ô꣬ʲôû
ʮϹϾ˵Ҳͽ˶ˡ
ǲ鱦۸񣬲鱦Σ
λܣˣǳҽҵ⣬ô밴鱦Ĺ򣬳ȥŶӣõ鱦ͲܿƵġ
˵ţǸֳŪζ
ҪŶ鱦԰ֵдˡ
ҽ㲻˵ԼǹҾŮİ鱦϶û⡣
ԷļǲΪ⣺û˵Ҿǹ򣬶һǾ仰㲻ֵԳ֡
û׳仰ʲô˼ʮͻȻԼͬóֻʼ绰
һĻİȴ֪Ǵ绰˭
ѵǴ̻᣿
ֻΪԼأֻҪһ¹ϵǮƣ̻Ǳջκβ
Ƿˣǲģǰݵĺ룡
ܿ죬һದͨˡ
װİŮʿҺźĸһ飬Ƶ鱦ǼµȨ걻˼۸񡭡
ǵġûڽ·ҵֵΨһһȨꡭ
Ƶ鱦ֻȨһ𣿺õģӦһ顣
һǳĿˣ빺鱦˵飬ҺʮѣеǳŭΪλĿˣ𾴵һλ
һڵ绰˵ЩԽԽľ
ĵ绰Ҳͨˡ
ڵһʮȫ棬ʮͼ̵ĺͰݷӳһԼ̬ȡ
ΪǼߣֻԼӵаݵΪ˻մմϲ
û뵽ڳʮ࣬Ȼаݵĵ绰
ǵͨԹϵܲ
£ףΪʲôԳˡ
˼ԤһĻ
Щ඼Ǽ¶ҵͷаݵĵ绰һҲ֡
ųЦЦı飬ѻֺڡ
֪ˣαص
ܿ죬Լֻˡ
װİŮʿ𣿡ͨ绰󣬷Щɬ
ҶƵ鱦۸񣬸еǳšԼŭ֮ĺӦֹ
Ȩȫ鱦֮ȫջأԼԳۣңҽǿɫʯ׹ʮᵽλˣΪǸ




1565¡ʧ
 

ڵ绰ͷ˵꣬ʱסˡ
ݵҪϾϵӡ
ʧȥ鱦ȨԷʧǺܴ
ʧȥһλȫǰʮ鱦ʦĹϵ
Է˵ǲɽܵġ
ӦȦ˲²⻳ɣǲʲôΥҵ飬ð֮Ͼϵ
ŮʿҺ֣صĺǸΪǻмĻᡱ
һݹϵܿ챻ݴϡ
ûҪˣһֱΪܺã˲õˣҲûмıҪһǼµѣջЩ鱦
˵ʲôѾҶϵ绰
ɫ˭֪ͨ绰˵Ŀ϶ʲô顣
ǲǰݴģƽСʵ
ž
꣬ͱݺɢһƣ
ﶫ
˿̷ŭ˶㣡
Ҫƽʲôͬѧ鱦Ͳе˳
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鱦ǻգ׹ŮʿѾ˵͸ҽŮѣλ¡
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һֻֽӹһֻǣᰵ֣ѱɫʯ׹ŵ
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ȲãҪӹ糺֮ɫᣬֻгü
֪ɽܲòǰ׹õԱѶ׹װã
棬ڷ짡УǳĽ
ǵıɽŮͬѧԸԳõԼҪ鱦
һͳһιǹˣ
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ҵǸиƨãһߣźƽŭ𣬡ƽҽջض鱦ȫͶʣԼȥɣ
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ƽʧɫ
һȺͬѧԼңʵҪЯ
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ԺƽʵֻǱϿѡ
ҪǱȫͶʣһ˲õ
ɱܣ
ƽץſŰ󣬷ԽԽķ
ʧȥݵĹϵ֮⣬ʮͶߡ
ɣЩΪֺóԻȥ̻Ǳ߷ӳ鱦۸顣
ʱһϵвʧ
뵽͸ˣ
ҹ
̧һţƽߵһȥ
һţƽĳɹγ飡
ֻ鱦﷢һĻǿˡ
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ߵҵֺᰱ㿴ͬѧ˵λͬѧۻᷢһ㲻飬һǺܸ˺ؾۣҺͳ׼ȥˣлĻ´پ۰ɣ
짺ͰˣȫԳʮֺ档
˵֪û͸¶ݵ˼
ֻѹסģᰵ
ᰣͳʱһҪȥŶЦĵ
һɫ΢΢һ죺ҡġ
ҲҪȥǻİҲڵŮɱҡ
ᰵͷͳһۺ˾ͺͷǷֱˡ
ƺƳ̳˾ȥƽı
ϣʵᰣʲôʱع
ҡȵȡشͻȻӵһ绰
ǽߡϲ
ֻûó
Ұ˵һںعǣ˵˵˵󣬷ԼȻûڡ
˵ʲôʵѾµˣ֪ʡ
˵ҧҧ촽ջû˵ȱʣһں֪ˡ
ãҾȲʣȻҪҲعɣҲ׼ӭǡЦ
šᰵͷʾû
˺ܿصƽı
һţͿƽվڿҧгݣһߵɫƺʲô顣




1566¡Ƿ
 

壬ʲô£᰹ĵʵ
ƽɫʵ̫Ծˡ
ʲô£òƽߣ
һ߽ƽǰ
ƽ˻սȭͷɿص̾һĴηǷᣬҪٰˡ
Ƿ᣿ԣ΢΢죬ϸ˵˵
ģԴ1840꿪ʼߴǻߴϡĹŶԼĹңϷڸչȴľ˼䲻ܵķǷΪЩڲ˵޷תΪʵ棬óȥĻ೬Ը֣ǻĺܶŶﶼĳۣЩ޳ܵӶ˵һʾ޴룬̳̽ϸһ
ƽⷬ˵꣬Ϊʲôˡ
ƽʱôעŶǣҲеǳ
Լҵϡ䱦ȴıȡ˽ĹߣΪˣΪ֮ŭǲܵġ
˵ǷѾٰĽ죬ܶ໪ĸ֣Ϊ˽ղ˰ɣܿ뵽鷳⡣
ĵĴʧ⣬Ҫ׷ǧѡ
ĳлãǱ˽ȥᱣ˽Ĺ涨֪Щ﾿˭ˡ
Ҫ׷ܡ
ƽʹĵ˵ҽ˵ûǰᣬֱ1961ꡢ19801998ٰ죬ֱַǱŷ޺Ͱޣᣬܹ߼ǧлмģЩ쵰ǵĹ潻Ĺߣ̫ˣ
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Ѿһ˿ˡ
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ҾǸոյ֪Ĵ飬Բӡƽ˵ţ֪סȭͷ嶼΢΢ᣬǶǵĳٰ죬ʱ󣬵Ƭһ֪һλйͬ־Ѵ
ͷȻ˳˼
ӣᰵղʱĸĵ绰
㡭𣿡
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ƽʱǰһ
Ǿ鷳ҽʣֻҪ漰ɫҵǷף϶ԲõϾ򡣡
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ʲôˣ绰ͨĮȻʵ
ͨĴпǣͱˡסˡ
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а۴ˣȻ绰ң
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绰ʵ̫ܳˣ˵˲ʧ̬
棬Ҳһ±ڶǾٰķǷϢҪٰ֪ص㡣żɽ˵
ҪǷ᣿ûеһʱӦǳʵ
Ȼô첻𣿡
ǣҰ첻ǷǷᱳ۸ӣ漰ŷ޵ĴšºУ˵ʰǣ˵ССĸ˵Ƿı󣬾һȻ
͵ʱŨŨļɵ
ΣܲĵܸҲˡû˶ҡķԸ
ԣڵ绰ͷһЦа۴ˣͰ飬һһ£ȥμᣬûǾҪ䱳
ʱ򿴿ɡ
Ȼ¶ȥֹᣬᱳ֣ǲܵġ
ֻףΪʲô֪а֮󣬾ȻҪЩ
ѵЩǿ󵽣ûˣ
Σ¶ĵ飬ı䡣
ͨ绰ܿ췢Ϣ
ٰص㣬̫ƽ򡪡צۺϡ
צۺӡᣬǶǵҪͨǷѡצۺУǿǵͨ㡣
ٰص㣬Ѿ֪ˣǾȥצۺμɡ˵ţ淢Ϣƽһ¡




1567¡Ҫһ
 

ƽȻҪȥμӷǷᣬסˡ
ᰣ¶һ˿ӵ飬סû˵ʲô
󣬲ƽŻعڵҽȻҴȥμӷǷᣬҲֻ뾡Լ򼸼ͻعڣѵҲһ뷨𣿡
ֻȥûǻĵĶǹһ˿Ц
Ҫѭ浸صĲμᣬһ󼸰ټ¾ǱȶǴ
ûȫֻܶ÷ǳֶΡ
ƽô˵һ¾ˡ
ҽǷᱳЩжӦѾ˵˰ɣƽԴǵʵ
ͷûⶼҵĿǷΧ֮ڣİɣᣬһӦ䡣
ţûǵ͵㣬˵ʵЩ涼ǳηܺһСˣҲΪʲôĹٷ棬ǻҷǷԭ򡣡
ڲû˵ƽ֪Ǵ˵еаۡ
ڲƽУ澴ηᱳ澴η
˵ֻһˣıȴһȻ
˵ǿҲԶԶ޷Ӵȡ
һǶ
û˵ʲôνӦ䣬ֻԼ֪ܹмӦ䷨
ƽûΪȥӦû͵£ҲˬĴӦˡ
׼һҪõʽǼԣȸ۳ǰצۺ
ƽ˵ļƻûȳڻӦᰱȵ壬飬ͳһ¡
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ǿˣԲǺϣȥμӷǷᡣ
Ϊİ˵ģҲǺġ
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Уӿ֮顣
ϽȷʵӦᰵˡ
ᰲǲôŮˣҲ˽ĵģϣԼİٴΣա
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ɫ
üۺеᣬһ˿
ǰңҲӵһ֮󣬾Լңڵӡ
ҵԽԽǿ뷨Ҳǰһˡ
Ƿ飬ֹȴҪӶЩ̣õ𣿡
ⷬ˵ڣоԼѪҺһڡ
ɷأΪ
Ҳ뵱ᰵľӼСˣÿж뵱صĴɷ򣬶Ϊͷ­Ѫ롣
ܵеĺᰳĬˡ
áãû˵
ģԥŮ˵˼˸ӵö࣬οϸŮˡ
ڲ֪˶֮ٶȿڵʵʲôҶ֧㣻ǴԵĽǶϿǷ£ĹܵùʲôҪܣҪ̫ܵˣҲ㵱ˣֻƽϲһӣҵ𣿡
ס΢Ц
Ϊᰵ¶еҲ֮˳
ǰᰣ˵ܲЩ£ȴƫƫȫҪܡ˭ڻġֻһأ
ʮĥһ˪δԡհʾ ˭вƽ£
ϵĲƽ£ֻҪҳϣҶҪһܵġ
ⷬ˵ƽݣô
ȴһ̵ĳ۷ˡ
һ˿ԥҲ֮ʧ
ȻᰵϸһĨ̺Ľο羴εЦ⡣
˰ɣ
һǰľģ·ƽļߣ£أˣô貣ôҫۣôˣ
ﻹȰĳأ
ȥɣֻǲҪһںҰͻعˣϣϵЦ⣬
·һɷСӡ




1568¡ǰצۺ
 

ѵñֳһ棬ó鶯ѣ̲ס֣һᰵ㷢
ɽܲõߵĵͷȥͺһСŮһ㡣
Ĳƽ߳䣬Ȼ˵ı鶼ܵȻȴյľʲô
壬ȥμᣬҾȻعˣʱʲô飬ϵһ¡ᰵ΢Ц
ƽһϲǾ̫ˣгҽһȥҲ֮࣬ǰٰķǷᣬ󣬰·ߵ飬ԭȽϵġ
Щ˲ᱳ𣿡΢΢ü
⣬ƽʱЩߣ˵ˣܿᱳᣬǻұĴֻ࣬һֱûҵ֤ݡ
Ŷ֮£ȥľûһ䣬һĨâ
һ죬ƽʼæµ׼ʽ
ûƽ
ֻᰣȥǼµһЩһ졣
ڶҹᰵɻ
᰻ع֮ʱҲͲൽˡ
ƽһ֣ͳһǰצۺ
ݲƽѸ֪Ϣ鱨ĴηǷᣬǹģһΡ
ȫһ۶Ǻ
ƽһͬѣҲμᡣ
ֵָ긽֮󣬲ƽһǸѣʶ
ʣܼȷǳߣվּװ壬һȥһࡣ
ΧСС֣Ƭͣǻ
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Ļϲ⡢صҲ˲١
ⳡᣬעһ˳
־ѵ𣿡һҰɫСֳǷ򿪹ƽʵ
Ӧǡ
ƽֻͨˣ̬Զ۲쿪֡
վŵ֮󣬲ƽȷѡ
ٵˣ
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ֺܿ쵽ǰһɫƵ˺Цϲ̰лĵطԶ絽Ƿˣ
˵ƽѣܲ
ȹӶĴԱֶԽӺ֮󣬱ƽˣŶԽӰ߹
ȫƽѾ˵ˣǵƷ⣬궼ȫصܣ޶
ע⵽ߣһʮҵŮ
ŮžƬܺĴԲ۾ȥһľϢ
Ů˫һ˿âóŮ϶ȥľ
ڴŮŮҲڴ
ǽ˳һۣŮ͸¶˼ǶԳûʲôȤ
ֻΪǲƽĸࡢ֮ġ
ϲ̣þò߹Ͳƽӵһ¡
ֿ󣬲ƽЦ˵겻İ׷ôˣزٻ˰ɣ
˴˱˴ˣһһţλн԰漮ϣʮ꣬ڼ﷽棬ѾǳˣҸ˵ͷȼȲ
ŶôƽĴǸŮֻǸŮֻǼ򵥺˸кƺе
˵ҲǸ߰
ƽΪ⣬ЩŹֵģο򽻵ţ˸޷ˡ
Ǻǣϲ̣ʽʼܼʶ԰ıˡȻԽ԰ǳġ
·ƽ˵ÿηǷᣬһЩƷʱֻܿԼ
ǮƷҲֻϵùϾᱳ˭Ҳﲻ
˵ĴᣬҲѧˣҪôԼǼרңҪôؽƸרҡ
԰һĶרҡ
һĳѣ͸ߴһ
˵޷Ҳŵġ
ûֶרҰæҺܿƷʧڡ
һͼȣǾͲʲôˡ
ҾڴСչ¶¡ƽЦǺǵĶԽ԰˵ҲһǷˣλڻǱǳҽϵҲǳߡ
ôɣҲһλרңЩȡ
ȷʵᣬôɣͬʱļר
԰Ŀ⣬һ˿΢仯
ţļˮƽߡ
ٵҲɡ
ǵģҽʵһһЩͻع˵ͬˡ
ƽĻشͽ԰ı飬ٴγֱ仯
Ϊƽ仰Ҳζţһλ̣
ҽʦ̣ݣȻͬʱһϣֻжʮ꣡
һʱ䣬еסˡ
԰˷Բ۾ƺӳϿʲô




1569¡Ǵ
 

Բ۾ŮӣɰС
԰۾Ķȴûһ˿ɰ۾ӹ֮ɫ
գ԰ûдӳϿһĶ
ڽ԰УǸͨͨĴкҲкӳһ㣬ôкӣжߣ
һ䣬Ҳʹѧҵѡ
ݲƽṩϢҽʦһ԰ζŵġ
һŵĿų
ϲ̣λ˵
Ǻǣղ˵Ὺʼܼʶ԰ı죬ôҲһ˵ˣʲôʱƭ㰡ƽЦŻӦ
߻ܺĸ˶ĿŵԼ׿ĺϡ
ͣһҾ޴ĺɫ֣ȥΧȫһַ񣬸һεѹȸС
֣ƽЦࡢηһ˿ߵڵˣ
Ǿ֯ηǷ𣿡͸ͫ޷̫Զĵط
ƾֱܸӦҺɫϣ϶ʲô˲õĴ
ӻʵҡϲ̾ͺһǵһβμӷǷᣬһ1998꣬ûиϣҲȫȷǺɫ־췽ֻܸϲ²⡣
˵ͷʾͬ
˵Һɫ֣ȫĸпأ
ʱĬԵĽ԰ѵÿ˵ˣֻ˵ƺ䵭ò²⣬ɫ֣췽
ŶѵС֮ǰƽ⻰һʳ;Լʵ̫ˡ
һξٰʱ򣬽԰ûء
ƽĻ԰ûлӦȻش޴⡣
ЦЦϲ̰ôС϶ǲۼģȻСȷǺɫ־췽ؽСԼжϷͽ̡
ûʲôôͽ̵ģǵϢңô򵥡԰ʼš߰䵭
ƽʮ־棬û뵽԰ᣬȻܲ򵥡
ǷϸϢھܼ䱳ٰΣûй¶ȥ
˽԰ֱжϣǳѵá
ЩʲôʱԶĺɫ֣ͻȻһصҲ֪ټǾʾ˼
ܿ죬Ͳƽǣζʲô
ΪΧפǻ֣ȫɫֻ۶ȥ
ҲȥɡƽԴԱ֣ʾ⿪
ʮ
ΧںɫΧһʱεΪ׳ۡ
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ֻּװഩװӣָʾǵֺͺɫֶԽӡ
ʼǴˣһҪСľ裬Խ͵Խ¡֣صѵ
ͲƽɫЩš
֮ǰƽͺͳ˵֮ǰμӷǷĳµĿɲ١
Ϊ˳ּȫ綼ǾӡƢСȫǸ߸ϣ˭Ҳ˭
ЩμӷǷʱԼڵݵλ÷ŵۣʱͺ׳ˡ
Χϵң½½Ϻɫּװ塣
۲ÿǳˣǵУЩ˱ȲƽҪš
ǧ˲μӱᣬ濴ȥŵķǳ١
ͽ԰ˡ
ֻԼȷʵȫûеѹ԰ȴ
ֽ԰Ǵʱ΢΢ͷ۾ȻĵĽ֮顣
һ󣬳΢΢һЦ
԰װϳأվǸʮҵŮӡ
ôĳ棬˵ǲܵġ
ֻ԰Ѿεúܲˣٲƽ˾Ϳ
ҲǳȽ԰һ㡣
԰ܿ췢ֳڿ
㿴Ҹʲô
ҾԷɵ㡣شĿǷǳ⡣
԰΢΢µͷ̧Ȼ˵ûнţ㣬ñ˵кܶˣ㶼ǲ𡣡
𣿡һЦû˵ʲô
԰⸱飬֪ûĻϡ
Ҳٴѳ
ϼװ󣬱ֹ㲥˵˳Ŷӣܼ顣
Ҫô΢΢졣
Ϊǿʽģ˭ԲμӣֻҪʽ
㲥󣬺ܶ೬ˡ
ƾʲôҪŶӼ飿
Ӵ˼ǵĹŶǾ̬ȣ
˭ҼңΪ벻沿ǲǣ˭˭
ﲻĳԽԽࡣ
ƽҲãŶӼ飬ûʲôҪ
ϴͼһԭǾǵ͵͵ٵ͵
ȻЩߵĳܿˣ




1570¡
 

ʲôſң
Ǹķ⸻һװץס˷ȥ
һĻ˵
⸻ڣƲ߹뱣ϰ壬Ѻװ
ȻǸװͷҲأһЫӰβʽȣͰǿ׳ڸ߷ˡ
һʱȫһƬȻ
˭Ҳû뵽Ǻװ
ɫϣٸװ
ֻǺװ߷ɱں󣬽⸻ϵ˱ߣӾҪˤȥ
ģҶº֪˭ʯʹĪǣʶжǱߵװ䣬ҪǸҡ
⸻û˵꣬ͱװݺݵĶС
ܵ˱߿ֻ뺣ˮеĸϺ̫ˣܿͳȥ
һλں
棬ˣɱӺЧӦǳ
ȫ˹ؾصŶӣܺװ顣
԰ƽһ
ͨ۲죬ЩװҪм㡣
һǸûЯǹе
Ǽ鸻Ǵ˶ʽ
ܿ죬װǾͼһЩпʽ𲻹ĸ
һװЦһǧûеҲμ᣿
仰棬˶һЦ
ɫ֮ϣһǧʽڳ󲿷ָԣȷʵһ
Ǹûһǧĸ󣬾ͺ֮ǰķָ³һֱӶ
һЩǮȽٵĸŵˡ
֮ǰ֪涨ʽǶ١
һǧ򲻹ôܿǧǧҲ
ֻ˼ǧĸһȫɪɪ
ڶУüͷ췽ɱˣ
С㰡ɱЩװ仰һ
Ϊȫûѹ
ƽҲ˹ŵѵҽǷ췽ɱѾˣǷ֮أǻǰǵĹɡ
ߣ췽Լ޷죬ҪعأҵҪǵж󡣡Ȼ
Ͳƽﾪˡ
ҪһװһжҪ군
԰ÿ׳յų̲סڵ֪֪Լ˵ʲôᱳ󣬿ȫеˣ
ȫˣ˭ѹʵ
ƽһ棬ΪǴӶ෽Ϣۺϵ֪ᱳӰӡ
ǵһ˵ᱳʲôȫˡ
Ҳֲ֮ɫ
Ϊֽ԰С֪Ķƺܶ࣬Һܲ򵥡
ƹ԰Լ϶Ҳܲ򵥡
⣬԰۾ޱĵ֪־ϢҪշѵġ
շû⣬֪Ҫն٣ᱳ̫ȤˣֲȱǮ
԰ɫƽ˵Ҽ彻õķϣһϢʮ򡣡
ʮṩһϢܶ࣬־޸˵Ͳʲô
õģһͷת㣬뽭С˵һ°ɡ˵仰󣬿˿ǰŶӵ˶ڽ״̬ûע⵽ߡ
԰֯ԣ󿪿ڵȫˣһˣһӴ
֪濴˷Ƿ۵ȡƽæӦ
԰֮ϰ۾
һϢṩϡ
û𣿡ƽû뵽ʮôͻˣǰ󻹲һӡ




1571¡ü
 

ҲòˣֿڵС㣬ٳʮ飬ǣȫˣʲô
ʮ鲻øˣΪһ֪Ĵ𰸣пܻһЩµϢҲֻܵʱ˵
԰Ļشòƽ΢΢һ㵡
ǶΪ԰֪ġ
ֻȫʲô⽭԰֪Ҳ
ʵǿңμӱңЩ˼ΣգҪ
԰Ȼ̬䵭ҲǮƹȥ
ṩһϢһʱ䣬׬ʮ飬Ǯ׬ײ׬
ѣõвƽע顣
ǳԽԽ棬԰ˡ
Сֻһʦô򵥣
ϴãȻǧУЩΣﶼ֪ˡ
ˣ
û˵еĺ棬ֻƽ԰Ͳƽ
С㣬Ը⽻ѣṩΣϢƽȲʵ
ΪѾŵмˣץʱʡ
ϼٸΣңҾͲ˵ˣĿ⣬ﹲʮ߸ΣաҺܿܶвṩһ˵ϢշһΡ
԰˵ţĿɨּװһ飬ٴȷԼжûгκʧ
ƽʮ־档
԰ѵǽ𣿺ɫжٸΣյңȻһ̫˼ˣ
Ȼûƽȡ
Ϊͨ͸ͫҲ۲ǧ˿еΣ
һñȽ԰׼
ڳУʮΣ
֮˵룬ΪһЩصü̫ó
԰ʶǿվֻǸͨˣܿʮ߸Ѿܲˡ
ʮ߸ΣҲ˵Ҫһǧ߰һ𽻰ɡƽջ¾ĽǮϢ
һǧ߰ȻǱʾ޿ǲ֪ΣϢǾһǧ߰ڶҲûá
ͷͲƽֵһǧ߰Ϣѡ
㲻𣿡԰ʵ
ҡҡͷҲҪҲҲýҿѸָЩΣ
㲻ܿó԰仰˵ʮֿ϶
ΪɲǵжΣģ֮ǰ֪ЩΣϢ
һϢʮ鿴׬ʵռЩϢķ˼
ǳ˵־ָ̧Ŷӵһߴӡ
һ
ȻָһתָڸߴӺ桢߸˵һ󸾡

ָȥָܿʮ߸ˡ
ⲻܣ԰׵ľˡ
ָʮ߸Σ
ʵ̫׼ˣ
԰𾪣޷ŵĿų
ѵкӣһҲռϢ
ֻܽ͵ͨ
ʲôˣʲôˡ
԰֪Լı⣬ϺƵˣ޼
ӵкͬı
㵽ʲôˣ𾪹󣬽԰ʳ⡣
΢΢һЦҪṩϢ޼۵ġ
ϢȷʵýǮ
԰һ£ĵϣûʲôϢ޼۵ģ㲻ңҲͨԼϢ
ҺڴϢһ졣
ǹϷʻȣý԰ðҧ
ƽûʳָʮˣǲļΣգĺװģվ飡
ԭĸ˽̸ûעŶ֪Ѿŵˡ
ƽæһǰпúװѲȷû⣬վһȥȳˡ
Ҳ˳ͨ顣
ҪȥģѾòܼ顢ͺװͻ׼
԰ղűȥܲǰչһԼһߵװǰ
ǺװҪ԰ȥȴ԰ȷҪѲң
ǡװĿŽ԰ܿ죬뵽ʲô
ȥɡ
˾Ŀ£԰̧СԴߵƽߡ
ͬʱţɶļһԭҲôߵģȻôҿô顣
԰תߵװǰȻһؾؽܼӡ
װȴ԰ϵ˵Ѱɣüˣȥ
ͽ԰ͬʱΪ֮һ㵡
˶û뵽װ˵
ľеЦδԼҲп˹ϵһ졣
԰ˣĻԸóϵͨ鰡
ҪշһУ
Ĵֵ߹ˡ
ý԰Ҳ޿κΡ
ͨ󣬳ɫֵĺȥ
ǱĻ᳡
߽ȥĹУв԰ü
Щ棬бֵΣյһࡣ
ỹδʼоӿԼƻƻеô˳
ΣҪʼһˣ




1572¡˱
 

ɫڲռ䣬Ŀ
󣬷ȻɴǧˣμǧңռȻ´ࡣ
Ĳãͺͳ֮ǰĲչֻ࣬ɫƫ񣬻һ˿޵ظС
һɫʯϵĶչ񣬰ڷŸָĹŶֻͭմɡʯȵȣȥĿ
Ķмңһ۾ͿóչĹŶ㲻϶
ֵǮϡ䱦ԱǷᱳˡ
ֻǹ񫡣
Ȼ䱦ÿһŵȥֵʮϰ򣬶ֵǧ򣬻Ǻղؼֵġ
ƽ㿴۷Ź⣬˼ϲ֮£ߵһչȫǷǼ
ϲ̣ʱڵ˰ɣһ۾жϡ
ƽļӾ׼Ϊξʱڵġ
ǼξʮꡣںĽ԰һ۾һȷݵ֡
ƽʮ־档
԰Ȼһ۾ܿݣ
жĻôŮڼˮƽȷʵܸߡ
С㣬ôģƽʵ
δȽ԰ڣ߹˵չд𣿡
ƽһæչĺɫȥȻдݡ
ʱ˶еˡ
ûעҲܿó԰԰
΢΢һЦҲ֪԰ղŲûпȷʵǽ԰Լжϳġ
ǺǣСˮƽȻٿչɡ
ƽŶ޲ʽʼǰչĹŶȫϸϸһ顣
԰ȴѵûǲҪڴߡ
԰ϲ̣Ǳ˳ͽС˵ģ֮кܶ༫ΣأǲҪˡЩݲʿĺ㷲
ƽͬ
԰ʮֵƽ༶ųӣ΢΢ҡͷˣʵˣ뻹˱ڣȴԼǰĴ󡣡
Ȼ԰һ˿˼ƽ˵úеĶܺԼΪʲôڡ
ƽΪͳһӦûȽϰȫ
ϾûۿʵǸ֣ʼֻһˡ
ˣƽЩǸˣɲֶŮѣΪԭΣ֮С
ֻ꽭԰ĻһΪɫ
ڽ԰У֪ηˡ
ε̾һ£԰Ǹָһ·ʵڳǧңҲȫΣһЩʵĸ֣Ѻõģҿ԰֮ǰշѱ׼ָЩ֣ȻȥǱӻǵİȫָ
԰ȻҶû뵽СǴָɣշû⡣ƽһ÷
ҲԴʵС㣬˵ĶЩأỹûʼ͹ȥǽύһ
š԰΢΢ͷ漴һֱֵúνĳιҲһҸһҸ档
ˣԼԼС˵ţ΢΢Դš
⣬ҲûҪ˱ӻǡ
㡱԰ٴα˵һϡ
δʹ˵󻰣Ĳˡ
˵ƤֱȳǽҪˣ
ϧƤٺﻹǲ֪ߵغ
㡣
԰ٺͳ˵ϻ
ȻᱣǣƽǺܲġ
֪Ǽµ飬ЦһЦΣȻԽ԰˵С㣬鷳ˡ
Ǳߡ԰һָԼࡣ
Ͳƽ֮ȥֻ԰ָǲԶһȥ桢ںͱ̸Цİʿ
Ҳ˹ȥʿʵȷʵס
ע⵽Ľ԰촽ֵǸ˽ɣڰҲȫǿаʮߣʵǿΪṩֻҪǵǮõλ
Ǿ͹ȥɡѾȲˡ
˱ҲԼΣ֮С
ƽ˳һۣе㲻˼ĵҽҲʵǶһǺõġ
Сʾû
ƽ˱
ǮǻǮġ
С֣ڽ԰У˼ȫһˡ
ǣļһ˰ɡ




1573¡һ
 

ĸһǱȥ
һλ̸˹΢΢죬Ȼ΢ЦʵλѣӵΰƾʷĻİɣ
һ˻ͦ˵һЩ˾͸߸ϡ
ƽǵһӦ;ã԰˵ùȻûһǸѺõ⡣
ټɻǰʮߵǿߣݵûаּӣ͸ѵˡ
ã뱣ڹ㱣ǣͲ⡣ƽżɽ˵
ҺܸΪṩ񣬴һ̿ʼǾˣڳͣٸҲûġɿȥǳϲģƣƽ֡
ͽ԰ûк֣Ҳ⡣
߼򵥵Ļ֮ԱǸе㲻ĵʵһܹ𣿡
֪׬Ǯһ˱˵ĻʱĳΣգ»˴ʧˡ
Ҳ
ͽ԰ͬʱڣȻ˶һۣ԰ı·˵ΪʲôҪ˵ͬĻ
ǶԽ԰ı飬ֻʲôҲû
ɹһЦܱ˻ˣ˵⣬Ƿİɡ
Ȼ˵ƽһĸоǲȡ
ϲ̣Ҫһɡʵ
ƽ˵ͷӦ
˶֮һ̴ĬȻͽ԰˵˱˻Ǿ໨һЩǮΪԼİȫǣҲͽ԰ûܵ¡
С㣬һֱ鷳ٸָһ¡
԰һ׬ǮָָȺһŮˣŮ˲ʮ꣬ĺܲһᡣ
ȣ綥ɱ֣ʹ˵еǿŮɱԵ㣬̫ɱ֮
԰ᵽۣĿǸȡ
Ȼĺܺãǲ۲٣͸ú۱ˡ
û뵽СҲ˺ܶѰһθеϲȻʶȵģֶȴкС㣬ܷ˵һ»
ǸȵŮɱ֣һжûк˭һɺ֣֮󣬺ܿ˹
֣񳤵òŮɱֶϲЦҲ
ȻһЦɣһ׬ǮԽԽأ
С㲻Ҳֻǵ׬Ǯͬѡ˵ţȽܲƽλһ𱣻ǣӦòЩɡ
Ǯħϣ˭ܾܾħջأԴԵɤ˸һ˿Ұ
Ŀӹƽ˶е㲻ˡ
԰ǻĮ飬Ǻദˡ
ȵĿ⣬ʱϣʲôҲ
ɱֵͨҪǿࡣ
УȫȫǸͨˣûʲôֵעĵطѵΪͨˣʲôҲ
ͷһĨɻȺɶһۡ
ͨȷ˽԰֮⣬Ҫˣͨˡ
ȵĻƽϸϲ֮ɫȴӦˡ
лл㣬С㡣
˵ÿҵıְṩշѻȽϸߣ𲽼һֵ̲񣬱ɱһݶԷʵֵշѼ۸û⣿Цеʵ
ƽ˿˼룬һͬͷʾû⡣
λǴ󷽣Ǿ͵ȴһῪʼɡ䣬ϵЦˡ
ƽ˵һ᣿ѵỹֺü𣿡
ǵģٰܹ죬ÿһľٰص㶼ͬҲ˵ֻצۺתΣϡıȫһֻЩˣܾͼֲһˡ
⻰˵ɣƽף˵ļֲһ죬ʲô˼
ǰ򵽹Ŷĸܲͳ¡
ǷıǲЩġ
ʱǧңֻܸƾˡ
ʵˣǮٶ࣬Ҳ޷ϡĹŶ
ˣ죬кܶ฻Σաѡ졣
ЩԹŶĳԳ̶ȣѾǳܹġ
ƽ֪ԼܿܳΣգȻϴҲǰȥ
̸䣬һŷʽʿֺ⣬ڼװĴӵ£ߵһչ֮ǰ˸˵һᣬʽʼ




1574¡ȫҪ
 

һ⿴ȥ
⣬Ӧþǽˡ
ֻ˵һᣬΪ᳡ֱֵ31¥36¥ȡͬʱġɾ۵ķʽڵľ36¥ǿչĹŶƷڿʼɣ
ڳĸǣǵһοʽ
ûн̫ǻβ
ܿ׹ˡ
ԭÿչ񣬶е
Լ;ۣһʱû߼ۣŶԼġ
˺֣ģ⵽ĳͷ
ÿŶͬʱĵġ
Ҫȡᡣ
һֳ᳡ȥѰԼĹŶҪķѺܶʱ侫
Ӧ󣬸Ƿ׷жʼȻľۡ
ƽʮļ»ĵĹŶ˸߼ߡ
᳡ôҲĲ
ҷֿĻ޷õɺͬʱΣϵߡ
գ˻Ǿͬ᳡ﾺģɺȷֱһˡ
ԭƽóͽ԰ǵġ
ǳʾҪȥ᳡䡣
ܲƽôȰ޷ֹ
ܿ죬ͺǷֵˡ
35¥߶
һʼûоĵ˼
ƽ˵䣬ֻΪ̽Һɫֵܡ
ҪĿģǲǷᱳʲôˣǷҾ֮С
ȻҲ⸻ѻĵߡ
ƾ̬ͼЩ˻
ֻǵһĹŶֵǺܸߣص㻹һ졣
Źţͨҵǰ
վżװء
׼ȥ
ԺװûѡӲڻܴݾߡ
͸ͫ΢һЩ
35¥ңԼԼܿһЩžƱ̸ҸЧ̫ˣ̫塣
ֲɫµ34¥
Ȼ᳡߿ĹŶﲢûȤġ
ֻһΣûһȦͱղǸֺ˴˸
λİɣֺЦЦʵ
ͨͷ췽˳ͬѰľֹ˹ѯʡ
ӦǻŶй˿ɶȥˡ
˼ԣÿһ㶼кܶͼңΪʲôƫƫ췽
ֺϵı飬תΪЦǴйĺܶ࣬һһ㣬⣬ǽСѣڶ㣬Ϊ⣬㣬ûĸйңҳԽңȻղ35¥סˡ
ôôѵһ˶ɲ𣿡Ļؾ
ͬʱЩ棬Ϊʲôûڻĵݣǿǽ԰ѡ
ѵ԰ıᱳӣ
ѹɻֺֻ˵ֻҪ㲻ԽٶǵȻôӭĻؾĿˣһŶ֤Լعء
ҪعС
÷Լˣٵ͵Ҳûãֱӵġ
һ䣬һ¥ķֻ᳡߶ÿŻչԼ;ۡ
ټȫ뾺ĸ߼ۡ
ټľۼˡ
ľٶĿɿڴ
һЩ֣·ɵһų
ΪΪǴ󲻷Ϲصġ
췽³ֻ·һ
ֺ˺ĵĵȳȫ۸񣬲߹˵ȷҪֻ᳡ȫ
㲻ҰؾûκΥĵطɡ΢΢
ǶԳĲ㣬Щһ䣬ôǮڵһϣɾͺѺͱ˾ˡֺˣƺԳĲƲǳ˽⡣
ĻӦģ죬Ҫֻ᳡ȫȻ֪ҵĲӦ֪𣡡
˻һȫһƬ۷׷ףһֱܵİֺˣɫ
ֻ᳡Ļǧȫ˵ҲҪʮڡ
ֺˣڳ߶ʱ췽ǿѸٲڻǱߵʲ֪ôǮ
ʮڵһᣬǼ֥顢ϣ
ٴȷһ£ģֺ˾ãΪӳ⣬Ǿǹ⵷ҡ
ڳ˸ƫӲãΪȴûаǮڵϡ
ڹ⵷ңǿɲΪڷǷﵷôҡ




1575¡Ÿ
 

ⲻ֪ʣûشֻǹһĨЦ
ֺת䣺ǲϣκһλҷ飬ϣΪ֮
仰ʹżװˡ
˺ڴôӦԼĿžٶ
һԸ߼۾ǧһ¾ԼΪʸ֮ġ
Ϊǧ棬϶￴ϵġ
Щһ˺Ѿļ۸ҲζţеЩˡ
ֺȥ֮34¥ֻ᳡ˣȫԲƵĿ⣬
Ƕǿˣô಻Ŀⶢס϶ŵ޴ˡ
ȥ͸ûһڻ᳡߶ûб©۵Ļ
С˭
˽ĶУֻû
˵ǻǱͦСҽ
⣬˭һҽһ£ʵСòʹ˵еа۳ú񡣡
˻һڳͬ
һ಻ʶȻܳ͡
Һɫ֮ϵģʲôͨˣȫǷǷ֮
ղŷǸᵽа۳úЩһ¾ϿаƬ
УĻСӣʹ˵пһаۣˣʻа۲ʮǧ
ȻǶԳʮֲмġ
һչʱһ೤еӣͻȻЦ⣬Ȼ߹ȥײ˳ļһ¡
ֻǣһ¾Ȼûѳײó
ţ
תͷײһۡ
ӿһۣǼȫëը׹ߣ·һֻСèŵ˵æ߿ˡ
Σգ
Σգ
ӶԳĵһжϡ
ģ˭˵ֻҽģСӸòа۵ĵܵܰɣ
İһ䣬һ̣Լ˫űסˡ
ԭǳӱסļ
һĻȫ˵Ŀ⡣
ײңߣ
ֲǹģ˸ǸŬԼη壬ͷҲѡˡ
ľٶΧسĺװǣȫ˹
ǳû˷֡
ι֪ʲôطﶯ֣ģӿװΧ־ּ
ҲϵεĸˣҵǷ췽
ȻӺڳŵǣȻûջԼ֡
Ҫ췽Ÿˡ
ҵȻʲôطҲŻ֡ϷһЦӱһŽ߷ɳȥ

ڿлһߣһ߹ĺװ
⼸װŭ⣬־Ҫסӡ
Ȼǵ˲䣬ϵŭ˲תΪ֮ɫ
һ̺ޱǿİߵķʵǳЩװȥġ
أ
һ죬һӺװײڵأˤʮǱ
ǲ˼һȴ˵㣬Ҳû뵽ô˶Ӳס
ϸֵЦ⣬еļ˭ó
ֻڳΪǣʵǿĺװȻӲסӡ
˵СҽʵȺװǻҪǿΡ
ǣЩҲ˶η
ΪӻǺװʵ˵ʲô
ǼɵģҾУ췽ĳǿߡ
췽ͻҲζԶˡ
ֺ˻ûԶٴλص34¥ֻ᳡
һȺŭĺװһΧס
֪֪Լʲôֺ˺ʵ
ôҽѵһ֪νңҲҪܣһЦ췽ʵ̫Լˤɲҵ¡
㣡ֺúһ˸âƺڿʲô
ڽСķϣҾ͵˵ĻģһλˣҾȥ36¥ͽС˵ֺ˳һۣȻתֱ¥ݿڡ
װǣҲȫɢˡ
˿档
ǸС㵽ʲôȻܱסСӣ
һЩ˺֮£ȫɫ36¥ߣȥֺ˿еĽС㣬ô
ǲںֺЩʲôҲûý԰ĹϵԼڻһж췽ͽ԰Ĺϵˡ
ǽ3135¥ķֻ᳡ҵȫͼ߾ۣЩͨͨ
ЩѾǰ뾺ۣǾۡ
Ϊۣĸ




1576¡Ա
 

ȫĳܿΪһҡ
һ¥ˣ֪Щ֮Уһǧḻֻḻƺ⣬ڵһͻôǮ
˺ѹϷһϡﶼˡ
һ˵ңȫԾĹ
һ·߻36¥ˣͶŹֵĿ⡣
ƽϵɫ
԰Ǹɴˡ
ɺ֣ųĿҲһŹ֡
ȫ֪ʲô
˺ܲⷬٶ
ҽ֪뽫ȫعһͻôǮһһң»ɱ֮ƽǵ˵
֮͵ǰ̫ߵˣʵػһصԶĴ£ǧ򼱲õģȰ㻹ȡ۰ɣǰصŵڶ͵ϡ
ȡһЦҲ
ҽĻһ۶֣ʵѹ㣬˵ڳô֣ʱҺСһ֣Ҳסġɹ΢Цѵ
ЦˣôˣѾ޷ͨʵֵˣĳ£ֻܱܺǸ˵һ䣬Ҳ֣Ϊҿɲô
ɵѣȵľ棬ֻһЦ֮
䵽Ҫ˱ǾЦˡ
Ŀŵƽϣƽ˵ǷģԼʲô£Լе۵ǵġ
Ȼ˵ƽ硣
Ͼ˭֪Ǻһġ
ʱΪǧҵıǲȥǲܵġ
ƽȰȰʱͻȻһ̾
ˡ
ٱһһΰɡ
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ղǸֺˣѾ˵ˡ
˵ǿķϣûмƽϳǸӣһӺװ顣
Ҫģͱι㡣
԰û뵽һβݱĶԳܲ
ʢ϶ûԹͷḻ̡
Ҷǻͬ԰վΪѵıһΡ
԰仰˼óŮԻģ˳ۻŴԼݱ
Ȼֻǽ԰һԸ뷨
ʵϳҪĹϵ
Ůôô
˵úĶƵġ
еЦˡ
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˵һ룬ͱ԰ϣ֪˵ʲôһȰһɣ췽ң㶼ﲻģͲܹһ𣿡
ܡֱ˵ĻӦ
԰ٴ̾ĶԳȫˡ
֪ΪʲôҲü飬ܽ췽Ϊ֮һֱûгͷԽֹ
ΪǽңμηǷᣡ
԰һƽǶˡ
μӷǷʸΣԶǼߵġ
ܲμΣɼж
ĽϣкܶࡢĴ壬ֻǽŶҵĲƽûңǾýǸصĴڡ
һΣүү1980μӵġ
ڶΣ1998μӡ
ΣҲһˡ
˵ЩΪʲôüʲôϵѵΪǽͣԴʵ
԰΢΢ͷµĴûֻҪμӹһΣͻᱻ췽ǼΪͨԱμΣΪƽԱΣǾǲԱˡ
ԭ˵ƽ
ǷһϢ˵
ֱ԰˵ǲ֪ԭỹлԱƵġ
С㣬ǲǸ߼ĻԱӵȨ
ûǽǲԱŴ֮⻹ŴҾͲ˵ˣǲԱŴҲ޵ģԽٶҲǽһᱻɻƽԱ
԰Ļ˵úأóӦˡ
һʱǣԭղſһЩüܽңǲԱ
ֻҪμᣬɲԱ򵥣ȴ֪õԱǳס
Ϊÿᣬкܶҳ¡
ÿʱ䲻̡
ܻŲμͲˡ
ټϷǷôΣգ󲿷ҶٲμӵڶΡ
ΪʲôֻҲü飬ڳĲԱʵǺٵġ




1577¡һ
 

ǽֲһµ⡣
Ϊʲô԰ļôᱻרң
дʣΪҲУС㣬ҺʶҲһʱˣ֪ԭǽǴ壬Ӧÿһ𰡣
κһ壬ᾭ˥԰شʱ۵ӹһ˿˲Ȼ
ļ壬ȷʵȵˡ
ŶͶʣվͷǳߡ
һʧĲس̶ȣͨ˸޷
ֻΪάٹ⣬԰ŹһǰμӵηǷᣬԱɲ𼶱
ܹڱȫˣصϣ԰Լļλ϶ܻһ󵵴Ρ
԰е㲻ģҲʡ
ʱƽʳһܸȤ⣺С㣬һ£Ա棬иߵļ𣿡
ȻУֻҪμӹĴᣬʯԱֻʯԱʮָͷù
԰Ļش˺Ǿ档
ȻвμӹȫĴģ
Ȼһ˲μĴΣÿζɳͬĴμӡ
Ҳǳǳѵˣ
Ⱥ촽΢ЦμΡΣǳҫԱ߻Աˣ
ƽʱϲһĺܻĶսΣĻԱȼԾǸϷ
ûеΡˡͻȻ⿪ڵ
ôܻ췽Ƿĵ
һΣһΣ
˲û׳˼
԰˵عأ˵μΣ㶼һν
ǺǣҾҪˡɴ˵𷴻ΪǵŮ
԰Լÿκͳ˵һ㷢Ʋͷȥٿ
ҹĻ٣һڽ
òƽǣһʱ䣬Ȼûҳ鷳
췽ҲûΪǧȡľʸ
ֻǳûг£ǶΪǽ԰Ĺϵ
Աôʹ˶ţǲҪðնμΣԼҲΪԱ
ɺȣҲΪ԰סеΪ⡣
Ƕ׼һˡ
һֱĻᶼûС
ó־ȡ߶ֵ꣬ȻǷǳġ
ϣһôǿĸҳ鷳ǾͿڼ󸻺ǰչһԼʵ
λˣһᵽ˽ǿǰ16㡢1824Ĳòͣǰ2530ĿͷϢֺֿ߳˳һۣȻ߽ҡ
ȥɣƽʵ
һͷ뵽һͦҪ⣺ϢĿͷԼѡѡ䣬ΣڣǾͲ̫ð
װģѾˣϢʱ򣬲ܷκγͻ췽áɸһòƽĵĴ𰸡
ǾͺãǾͺãһȥԷɣ
ʱߵߣɵļ򣺡ɣҪҪҺȾأŶ
С飬ˡæ֣ƺȵƵģ˭֪ʹ˵еԵ㣬ɱֽõ壬ûĸǵ𣡡
Цý΢ϲԵᲢۡ
ֻʲôˣ˵ȾƣҪĳַʽ͹Ǯˡ
ɾܾȵС˧磬ҿȾƣշѡ
Ⱥ۶һ濴ȥǳţ֮ǰһ˶û
һϾȫͬˣΪһɱ֣ҪʱԳԼ壬ȡǮơ鱨˵
ŮˣȻȫðģֻǲ䲻ȵĻӦҲҪ
ȵЦݣʱеΣͲĸܲӡ
ҲļֻЦеڳ棬һȥڵ¥㡣
ͺ󣬽԰ڵǾסҵĲ׷ɣ׷ͨͷֿҾȫĵط
̫ˣƽǰһ
Աĺôడ
ֻг԰ĻЦ
׷ȫĵط԰仰δе̫ˡ
ȻûпɣֻǸŽ԰ǰ췽Ĳ׷
׷󣬼飬ҪԷַ׼Ϣ֮Уȶгȥ˼
ȻԱôȫҾͳȥԼ飬ﱣˣλɣȵһ߳ţܿʧС
ʱ仹磬ҳȥ䡣
ûȲƽͽ԰Ȱ棬Ҳ֮߳š
ȵȣһ˳ȥΣգҸһȥ㡣ԭǮһҪλ
ڳǰһԼʵһȥǸûᡣ
ɸһν̬ȡ
㡣




1578¡Σյҹ
 

߳׷ҿһۣȻұߵĵȥ
벻Ҫô죬ʱΣաɼ磬æȥ
ûлӦ߹ȥ¶¥ĺ롣
׼ȥװ忴һ
ɿµĺ룬ѵȥװ崵磿
ȻĶװ壬϶ƽ˾
ɫֵҹǼΣյġ
ֻҪ߳Լķ䣬ʱضЩ
֪жһϾ͵жĸ֡
Щ֮Укܶ˵ʵȻҪǿ
֪Լĸ֣ܵġ
ܿ죬˽֮С
˵𣿡ɴĵĸһ£ĺڰһ档
ĸʶԼΪжô
Ӧһ䣺Ȼ˵
ڰ񣬳˵ȺɫϵĺֶܶҪϤ
ڶ孵ʱϰڰˡðŵڣаġ֮µԼİ֡塰塣
Լа۳ƺţڰظѹš
ϵĸǣʱඥֵģ϶޼
ߵ˴ɣԲôవǰʮı̬
ĻشҲ⡣
Ϊ֪ĳ϶ĺڰ棬һЩ˽⡣
ֻǸǵ˽⣬ֻǱɽһǣֻƽʱţ
ȻѧһЩ˵ûʳ԰˽٣϶һ֪
΢ЦڵȻ֪񣬺˲𰡣ʵνİ񣬾ɹʰȫȨ֯ģȫ򶥼аһֻŵһһ֣ŵǿһˡ
Ŷ𣿡ǹŪЦ⣬ҿһ
ʰҲ˵ԼİٴǿкȨ
˵ңǻģ֪˶ٱ̬֣֪Ĺ磬п϶вٱȰǿġ
ʰĹ綼֪ųİֻǸЦˡ
Ȼǰеĸ֣ʵӹɵġ
ڳ֮ú󣬹ʰûɼ֯ǰλʵжôŷ;η
óǰ˺֮ġ
ȷʵ֪ǲĻбڡ
ֻǰǰײβܳһʱûлԾˣֻڴ˵֮С
ԼУᰵȺһʱаţҲͰǰһӴֻһ˵
ֻܶغԼҵĴ£޷⡣
ҪҲҪȵηǷ
ᰣһ̫õġ뵽ᰵĸĸعʱҲʱʽ̸һ̸ˡ
µߴˬʵЦҺɾȷʵٴǿߣһǵǿһٸˣҰҲ׼ȷңڵʮλʵҵʵܸɵʮ͵ʮλֻǹʰ֪ʵѡ
ʮͦġеͷܡ
һ¾ˡ
ԭΪԼ󣬳ǳȣ𾴡
Թ඼ǳǿߵġ
ĸҶ
ɴûˣһͨ˸ѣȻֳ԰мһ˵ӡ
ɵĵһŻ֪η
ˣǮ£ûҪ̫࣬ʶҵʵ϶ת̬
ţֹЦתƻʱȫȻ˾ܲǣԼΣգҺΪЩɣ
ûǸ⣬ԲŻ
ֻɿͷʣʵġ
ΪȫԼԸ
ܿǼ
ḻȱľʱ䡢Ǯ;
һٻҲ湻֮󣬽ֻܲѰµĴ̼
ΪǽżҺɫѰҴ̼ḻ֮һ
ḻһΣ֮ǰ첻µزµġ
ԳһϵΪȫܹ⡣
ЦЦİ֮Ծ壬ֻҪСһ㣬һϼװ壬ܻܿɱ
ɻһ䣬ݾ𶣵һ
װ嵽ˡ
߳ݿڣǼӦٵΣյϢֲޱȿļװ֮ϡ




1579¡ΣյŮ
 

Сģڳǰ
ҲӦΣϢ
ֻĸӦȳԶֻܸӦԲʮڵΣ
ɲνŽ䱸ƾ̬ĸӦѸٷֱٵΣϢ֮УЩǼΣյġ
⽫ж
ʵӳߵȫ￪ʼͳ췽ص۲֮һ
һһ췽Ƥµġ
ٵΣϢп϶췽ĸС
ֱܹΣյϢֻ޷ȷЩϢǲ췽ĸɢ
ܶԳǶ췽˵ѾһķǷˡ
߶νĽ׶Ρ
Ѿʡȫ˿Ѿʧȥ˶Եڶ졢ľ
Ȼںɫ϶ûǰ뿪췽ǲܵġ
ɣ췽ѾͼǾǲǿȡֶΣߺĻ
ֻҪһ˿ɣ췽Գϼӷ
˳̫綯֣ݾߣ췽ڿʵ֮Ѹתƻ
øӦжϼװϵĶʵڹ㣬ԼڶʱڽЩ֣췽ת
ֹ࣬޷սپôֻܰȵһ죬ϡĻﱻóʱŶ֡
ڳȽڵڶ
ֻȴ
ⲻǸСҽ𣿡һӼװ߷򴫹
˹ȥֻһɫ԰׵Щӡ
ӴŻĺȥŷǱߵĹ塣
ֻǵװ˱ӵעĿȫһ
Ϊĵط˫۾
ӵ۾ͫʼֻһС㣬۰ףȥʮˡ
ǰʮλġѪȣɲ
һٴγԾ
ԭ˵ѪӣǰϳƺšѪĸ֡
ȻȲѪֻ켲·ɫͫʱ죬켲ȿѪҺֲѧѪʲ
ֻ죬¶ɭɭЦɣϵңǺܺãһȥɣŰɱСӣ
ߣ˺ȹһأԼ͵İ֣ɻǺŵġ
˶˵̳Է˹ȥɱһ
ȴó֣ʲôʮּͿˡ
ֵΧ£ɺͿȴ쳣ңʵһʱѷʤ
ֻĴ򶷣ɫȴеܲ𣬼װ屻ʮ󶴣һװ˷׷ױãҲո˵ͨ濴
óеǣֶƻˣ췽Ȼûվֹ
ѵһϣ췽Ͳ֮ܿ˽ˣ
Ȼ䣬ɴһ߾ȫһȭ¶
һȭ־ڱصãҲ޷ܣ߹ǣĹͷ𣬿Ȳҽһֱӱɳװ壬ˤУǻˡ
ɴڴڵĴ
һս߰˳ɵ
½ɣӦԼɱȺɱͳϯʱоѹɽ
ٿȫ̿ľһսȻһ仯ûС
ʮĸʮƣḻǲٸġ
¡ǿȥɣһĸ֣ҿ±סˡ
ɸоǼɱԽԽڼװͣƬֻ̣ؽ԰Ĳ׷
һҲںĵҸ׼ɢɢȥԼȥɡ
ɶʱȻ
ʱˣɢѵ治֪ôд
㲻ңɲῴڽСĲԱϷŹ㣬ʮߵĶ֣һҲֻܶԸһʵĶ֣һȥɣɵˡ
ȻƽʱͨûмӣϾиϵģһͨ˵ǵһΡ
ҴʼգɶΪǿŽ԰Ĺϵô޿֡
ɵĻֻ΢΢һЦûлӦĴڶӰһߡ
ǿаѳȥʱԺһŮߣûôף
ɷ·һ£ַ·һͰװıˮ˲͸
תһֻһ¡һֻɫЫӵŮˣĶͳ
ֻƾֱ֪Ů˵Σԣޱģ
Ȼʲôѿھе춾ЫޣȻҲˣ




1580¡Σյġ
 

ΣŮ˵֣Χ۵ĸŵ÷׷ȥ
춾Ыޣڶʮˣսʱͷض˵Ůˣȫ£ûһطǲģĶǺ춾Ы֮
Χ۵ĸ֣кܶʵڱ֮ϣȴŵúˣΪ̫ɵ޵ġЫ
ҪǲСıݡһ£ĸֶڼʱ
ֻɫĵɣİҵ;Ÿλֱô֪Լøʲô
ޣѾӦλܷһӣҳ鷳ɾһ˿Ц⡣
ֻ˫ţȴĵŲȥ
Ըϱȱߵİ֣ҲԸŮˡ
һӣɣʲôʱô޴ˣҴûи˭ӣ
˵ţ۽һ
ɿЦ춾ЫӦûеɣֻһЩϴĿģӦòЩ
ˣһҪĻǼҷǳҪÿ˵ţ˫ֲ֪Ѷذ
ذϷĺâΧ۵ĸǣе㷢
ɣҲ룬ųܣڻȥ
ÿɡջǾʵ
¶һָЩ˿и಻֪ôļһԴԴ鷳
ĻȻ֮£ûӦƹߵǰ
һĻ˶ˡ
ڳкֽ֪ܶѵӵ顣
ǸӵʵǸ
춾Ы޿ɲһڶʮˣЫߵĸֶǳɵ
Һͱ޿ôѰ·
ˣ˿ֻһ뷨
֪Լ޷ֹ޳֡
޺ĿųȻҪǼｻңҽԷŹһΡ
һȣñ˲ɫ̿֡˫ɴ
û֣˵һ֣Ͱѱ޸סˡ
ڳĸֶԼ۾
޺ôǳ֣ܿ췴ӦԼ˳߳ŭ֮£˫ذһųӴ
ŨŨЮ˫ذ֮ϣֻҪ΢մȾһ£룡
ǳֻ֣һͰѱ޵˫ذץ֮У
ܣ޾г
ƾץסĶذƤӦ˲òŶԡ
ȴˣ
һĻ˸𾪣
޾˫ɿذҽߣż⴦һذףһƳȥ
ذϵľ綾Ķأ
ֻǵҡͷٸ޻ˡ
޵߽ſֻʣ²Ӱ죡
һֻ֣ס޵ĶͷֻӰһΣѱץסԴ˦ɳȥˤ˱߲ʡ¡
ֲ
ֲ̫ˣ
ɿò°ͶҪ
־ʰ˴ġ춾Ы
밵ǰʮĶǿߣܰ쵽ɣ
ɴʼգûǰǰʮеλǿߡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ԭһͨͨḻгһ׵ա
ʰ춾Ы֮ΧսһЩ֣ϢȥܿûںڰС
֪ԼǳĶ֣Щһߵñһ졣
ϰٸ
˹ŻҲԾԾԡ
взɱ֪ΣյҹŸոտʼ
ܿ죬ֶһۺһ˳
ʰ춾Ыֶ֮󣬻վ˵аնԸ

һ³Ϊоõˣÿ˶Ⱥ춾Ыǿֻ˵ݡ
ڰֹ˵ȥ
Ȼը죬ʯ쾪֮ơһ
һ֣ǱɱֶΣ
սǣһ˲ͫ׽ս˼㣡
͡
һڽͻȻȹĵȻˣ
һǱȣɨɵһŵĸ֣ǸָӲסһţ߷ɳȥײƼװΧˤС
ųһɨһǻǹڶֱߵ幭Ϻ״ײ˰Ļ᳡
׼һȴû뵽ͬ˲䱻룬֮£вָסץ˸ʵʵ
꣡
Ť϶ֲӣ˦ϣĺߵѡ
˲ɱȺ춾Ыǿĸ֣չ¶һ֣ЩΣյϢѸʧڶװϡ
ɿó׵Ĵסˣиֳȵĳ֮ɫ
ĺɫּΣգû뵽ԭΣյǸˣ




1581¡췽ϰ
 

һʼĴ㣬ڳǰչʵ֤Ժֵ
ͬʱҲϣܹת̬óʶλʮλĸ֣жô
һжˡ
ûת̬Լ̬˳׵ı仯
˳ǿߣҲ⣬ɱ춾ЫбȺ춾ЫǿʱɲԳĤݣ
һ̣˳Եܣǿˣ
ЩΣյϢȥСʵѵǰǰʮĸ֣
أ
תʣһʱ䲻֪ôӦ
Լ԰ʵĹ⣬ֻн밵ǰʮĶ֣ղŵˮƽ
һʣϳ֮ǰ԰мһˣе㻳ɣѵλǱ©ͳƵظ֣
ֿԺܸߣϾԼдô֣ûϳǰλţ
ûбȥҲͽ͵ͨΪʲô԰мһˡ
뵽ɶЦݵʵŽǰʮԴ´࣬ظֶûŽȥҿԺȨԻԽԽͣ
ɵķУÿɷ
˴󺺵뷨֪ᵽȥˡ
ɣȻط䣬øҡ̽һ
չ¶ʵֻǱɽһǣ췽ʶǺǵġ
ͬʱҲ췽ʵжϣΪһϲʵ֡
Ȼֻǳϣģ췽Ҳǻǳ
˫ĽŸոտʼ
֪ϴ϶Ҫʲô£ҲƿһСĿֳֵܣ˵ᱻڡ
Ȼ󷵻ؽ԰Ĳ׷
ϵʱŮɱȡ
ɣ˵װ巢սǲǸմһɣͺʵ
ҿһۣԥµ˵С㣬סǧǳûʸ񱣻
ʲô˼üͷ
ʱһȷֻһͨˡ
ôȴһԳʮ־ηӣ
ɲһͨˣκɾηĵط
ɶܰƣûõġ
ҼڸɣҲת̬ȡ
ɲ˵̫ڳ飺С㣬̫ˣסҵĻС
˵껰÷ţ԰ź׷׼Ϣ
ԭҲطϢɵĻǿҺģȥװҳ̽һ¡
˿̵ĳѾſڡ
ƾ͸ͫԿƻͨ
ǵ΢˵Ȼֹ
Ȼ˷⡣
Һɫ֣ͷԼ֣һҲ⡣
ҪҪӲȥʱҵͻȻˡ
ŵģǸֺˣ۵׸һ˿ɵȻµĿڵϰȥ
룬ͷӦ
ҪҺɫֵˣǷǳڴġ
Űֺ˽ȥ󣬳棬װκӭ濴һźľƼܣڷŸơ
Ƽܺ棬һȦԲɳɳżǷˣžƱ̸Ц
ڳĵǲеȣҲûΪղչ¶ʵη֮ġ
һķİӣֵ𾴵ĳǵĴͻɡ
΢ߵӵĶ£һھʣǱϰ壿
ûҾǣԽ·˹˵ţһơ
ӹƱһ£ˣĺơ
ǳûкȣǷ¾Ʊʵ·˹ҽľٶʲô𣿡
ȻûУ췽һǿߣֻҪǵǸ˻ôп
·˹ϹЦ⣬Ļе΢תˡ
ƺ˾֮⣬췽кŨȤ˽Ҿְ
Σ˭Ҳϣμᣬʲôݶסһ˵
·˹һЦûʵ췽Ȥĸַǳֻ࣬Щ֣ʵԶ㣬ûʸ֪췽ʲôݣڶװϽѵЩ֮Ҿ;һ档




1582¡ǲ
 

·˹Ļóеˡ
Ϊ췽ȡж̬ȡ
·˹˿̵̬ȣȴһѺõźš
ңΪʲô
ϣͳ㽻ѣڴϣʱͻ֪췽һϢˡ
·˹仰˵úϣûаٵζ
ȷʵ·˹ĻȤӦãҺڴٴκǼ棬ҾȻȥϢˡ
ߡ·˹վ⼸һѳ͵ſڡ
ȳ뿪ҡ߳᳡·˹ϵЦ˲ʧ
Ȼˣһȥ
Ǹ䱻򿪺󣬵ȵһ͸ɫĻĻ棬ԼԼܿһڵɳϣڳ̡
·˹ˣɫȫޱȹ۵׻һ˿η塣
͸ղŵĴȣ˿̵·˹ȫ˸ˣͷСʺڷˣСѾ뿪ˡ
֪ˡĻһɳƵͳСӴӦˣ
ǵģСӷǳƭ˵Լʵ̫ˣҿܲô·˹Ц
Ϊڷ˵ˣģСаǰʮʵ˵Ǵ˵еаۣٵһ¡
ڷˣСȷʵа۳úԸҲ֮ǰٷְȷаۣıǵһаȫˣġ·˹ĵı֤
ڷһаۣһǰʮĸ֣ҪȻû⣻аۣ˵΢һ鷳
ǰаۣԺڷ˵ȷʵֻһС鷳ˣҾ֣аҲ죡·˹ûƨ
°ɣҪͼλͨµ绰ǶԺһᣬܸȤ
ڷô˵·˹ǰһæͷǣȻ˳䡣
ϵ˲˲õﰡ
·˹ţͻȻ뵽ĳµĴڣ̲ס˸
ŬѹеĿ־壬󣬽еļң۲촬ϸֵľٶ
߳װ壬Ůɱȡ
ôã𣿡װʮ󶴣ȴ·ûһʵ
һۣ̲ĵ׼ȥˡ
Ҫ˼ô䵭磬ȥ׷⿪䣬ȵơһ߶Գﲨһ߰Ѱֱ۸鵽ļϡ
ĿУûκˣĴסܡ
ֻҪѳŪϣܰѳȫӶ
ֻһȵֱ۱׻˻ȥ
һ㶼ϧأ
¶Թ
صúԭʵôǿΪʲôҪأ˵˵㾿λ񣿡
һ䣬˫֣뱧ס
ʵһԴ̽ʵ
ġҡҡͷһֱָϡ

ʹüг
ʵ̫ʹˣ
һʵ죬Ȳ˿־С
ǰˣǲ
ԡԲ𣡡
Ǹһ˵һѲŵĻҲŶ˺棬Ȳǹģ
ҾС
һȣݡ
Ůɱֵˮƽۻǲ̫Զˡ
̽˵
Ȼڵĳ϶۵Ķ㡣
ȵҡȼŴ򿪣æڳȥ
һͬ¥ص԰Ĳ׷
һͿ԰ƽڿš
Ҳڡ
ôû˯еʵ
Ϊ˵԰һ㲻ˬ֪ϳȥ϶ûʲô£ͲܺúôڷҲð˯ȥǶ£۵ǡ
ƽԣ¶εЦ⡣
ǵȻ԰ġ
ɺ԰˵ȴЩˡ
Ůӣ֪֪ڸʲô˵
С㣬ȥܰȫȫõġְѸղŵĻ˵һ顣
԰ûĵΪ㱣СȥȻûʲôˡ
ġȶʱҲеˣ˵ʵǿֻǿ͵ʵҺɣûб
ôܳȥôãûΣգҿɲš԰ٴδûκһˡ
ŲŶν˯ȥˡһ仰ԹԵ߽䣬ٴý԰




1583¡
 

԰ܿ췴ӦЩֺܿǿĹϵϣûжԳ֡
֮󣬿ɾͲһˡ
һôߵҵĲԱݶûá԰Ŀͳ߽䣬̲ס˵һ䡣
ƽһԣɫеΡ
ٴΪԱ̫ˣϳȥû¡
ɺˣý԰Ůδⵥͷ
ΪǿĲԱݰ
ڶ죬УĶǱȵһϡĹŶ
أȫĸ
ֻòƽͽ԰ǳǣȻû鷳
ҿƺĶ㿪
͸˾ˡ
С㣬ǲС˲ԱŴƽϲʵ
԰Ŵ˵£ԱҲס
ڿԻǱס
ҲǱɲԱȷʵû뵽Աڴϵλô󣬲Ǳ˳Ǹһˡ԰˵ʵҲǰϲġ
ԼðΣգβμᣬ̫ˣ
Աݣֵ޿ɹ
԰ʼ룬ԼһҪμӵĴᣬѲԱʯԱ
ʱϺߣܽӴ췽ĺ
ţ԰Զ뾺۵ĳһƺҲûôˡ
֤˲Աжôá
ͻȻϤǱȥ
˶ǻˣһһССǸǺͲŮӡ
ϺͰСҲûǡ԰ϳһһСҲǻǱҵȽرǸϣ޸ˮƽܸߡ
ҳ
԰ȥһ¡
ƽɡȣһȥ
ֻ϶Գ˵ãǻﱣЭĻ᳤׸λҵŮС࣬㱣ǡ
áСҲкüۼǵǣƺʲô顣
һһС󣬳е⡣
Ҷǻˣǰ߻ﱣߣӦǸˣǾܰͰһ¡
¶òЦʵϣС㣬ʲôΣ𣿡
ģҺүү֮ǰڶǹгһǾ۹еһǸþҴϣһвǣҪǽǼϣܱҺүүǻĳ͡СȻţ˵ͦġ
ԭˣҡ
׼Ӧȴ԰ϵϣС㣬Ǹͨѡ
С㣬Ҳ԰׸ͰС඼Щϲ
ȻϽ͵С㣬˵һ֮ͽȫسзǳǿʵͱǲŴǡ
ʲôʵǮ԰˷۵ʵǣ췽ЩҶΪѣǱĲԱǲŲҳһ鷳
һʱеЦá
ŮΪԱôţ
ɺȶеЦˣֻӲס
ԼݣǾԲҶ˵ʲô
Ա԰ҶˣǽǵβμӷǷˣԭɲԱôãϰڻֻǻƽԱð׸ƺܺڣԼֻμᡣ
԰еСĵ԰ұһʶڣҲǱġ
׸˫ĿԱĵλôߣŮ԰һ𣬾ͲǸˡ
ǳҲɣǼȻȿڻˣ಻˼С˵ϸģлǸ⣬óһ˿øС
С㣬ͦˣ԰̫Ϊǡ
С˵꣬԰Ͳ޵ĵʲôҶ˵ΪǲԱĹϵ޼ɵ»ŵĻǿȥǸֺˡ
׸ͰСԣһۡ
Ȼ԰ô˵ǲҲˡ
ʱƽڴԲҽͽС㶼һģһ˭һ
λ˵ǣͽСˡ׸ЦǺǵĵ
԰˵ʲôְ׸Цһ룬ɫͻȻˣû̿
СҲһ¶ǳµĿ⣬Լ
˱仯ˣȫת׸ͰСĿⷽȥ
ͷ㷿ſ˵Щ£㲻˰ɣ
ֻһָݡɫӣһ˵һߴ




1584¡ʮ
 

С㣬˵ľź׸סŮС࣬һ
źˣгĵλͺͳ֮ǰѵࡣ
źǲʲôĵط
԰һȻͷźϣźв¶һ˿ɵ֮ɫ
Ӵǣͷ㻹ǰɣźһЦдŲм
԰ҪھźȴźͻȻ¶ʮֻ̿־ı顣
߿֮󣬲¶ֱġ
Բ𣬰Ҳ֪λѣ֮ǰĳĴˣ
źÿ죬ߵø죬żתߣǲٵӣ
Ѳƽǿ
԰һӦСĵҾ˵ɣǲǲԱġ
ʮȷţղźϳŻẦµ롣
Ϊź߾߿ġ
ȴˣվһĳ
ʵźĿ⣬ڳϣŻ˾֡
С㣬̫ˣ׸һڴ
ٴμʶԱΪ֮̾
ǰСеʣţղźߣԽ԰Ͽȥİɣ
Ϊһ֪ĴС㣬Ҳʣ˽԰ӡ
ٿȻЦӣСḻʱôߵڵͦ͵ģе㿴ˡ
ʵ±ԶΪý԰װıƣʱС͵ˤӣԡ
ڶ˳˳ˮżСĦҲ޹ء
԰һˣ᳡ǲ֮һ
ֻֻɺȣ֪û˸ǵԭ򣬲ǽ԰ǳ
ڳҹչ־ʵ·֣죬۲ƽǰ׸СŮ˳ĵԼҪ
ȻҲΪڶ᳡ﲻϡһЩҲˡ
ҪǵֹԳҲð벽
ҹɫ٣԰ܲȥװϴ磬ǲԱ˸ǡ
˸Ž԰һͬȥװ塣
һ˳ɺ⣬˶ǳԾΪװȻʮ󶴡
ʲôĸս˾޴ƻ
԰еľȻǲԱϾͨˣҪǱսҲҪ¡
ȻˣҲطֻǿ򶨵ĵûУЩɵƻ޷ģԽͲҪҹˣ֪𣿡
ţ֪ˡѵôӦ԰Ҫ󣬵仰Ҫܣжܡ
ɺһ̲ס͵ЦȥҪѽС㶺ɵˡ
԰ķֻǿˣ˵λҪ˵飬ǳҪ
С㣬˵ѹ𣿡׸԰ɫأ³ˡ
԰ͷûܿܽĽʢһǷᣡ
ƽǵɫҲ
ҵõĿɿ鱨ѹʮ
԰仰һڣһͬʾ̾
ʮ
С۾΢΢ɴĿš
˳˵ķӦȰСй֮޲
ʲô
ҡһ֮׶Ϊҫ޼֮
绪ĵĴ壬Ѿﱾֵˡ
㱾ϵĹȲϴǶһҵҲǷǳҪġ
ȻóһʮǱЩΪԭ˵Ĺ֪ҪΧˣ
У˸΢Ĺâģֻһ뷨Ǿʵ̫޷ˣ
ҵĹܲš
ǵлĵĹȻǲġ
ΪѻĹóǶԻҵ裡
С㣬ȷҪʮƽǲš
԰صͷϢȷ󣬶ңʮǻĵĹõȵ֪
Ȼ췽Ұ
ƽͰ׸ˣ˲Ϊ֮ŭ
˿ǵͳǲġ
ֻǼȡֶΣȫһ
Ѿڴ㣬ǷҪҵˡ
֪ǶľĿ϶ǳң᳡ָܻܿͻȻҵĲԱ󣬵ʱҲҪСģĲˣǧֻҪŻȥԺǻлûع
԰ⷬǳǣƽǶͬ




1585¡ʢ
 

ĹԱȳµһǧֵҪߡ
ˣƽϴ֮ǰѾΪعҵ׼
ͬʱ罭԰˵ҲĴ㣬Ǿһ򲻻ǱʵǿߡΪ˽ղء
֣ƽȻǷǳʹϧġ
ڹ⣬ƱǿҺɫϸƣʲô취أ
ֻԼʽ㹻¹û˾Ȼ󽫹˳˳ĴػĲݡ
ʱ԰Ŀ߿ر㣬֪ʽûʣ¶ˣñǿоģҪʵ㲻ˣ壬ǾͲʲô¡
šܵ
԰ؾеˣ뻹סû˵ʲô
ڽ԰ḻСš˳˳ˮĴϳԵͷ᳤ѵ
ô֪һ뷨
˶ϣԷԿͷѵ
ˣһطϢɡ
԰˵ţһſȥ
æϡ
һʼ԰ֻΪŶʦݵǴλƽЩߡ
Դ˼ʶ԰Աݣжô󣬴ҶΪˡ
һҹûжɹ֪һֺͮͮĳա
䣬ԡУϣ˵ʷ츲صı仯
ܿʥϢվ򿪷ţ׼š
ðСţַԶ򿪣߳ÿǹʥʳһ˲䡣
һ̣СλСסˡ
Լȫʶһ
С㣿
ĻѰСʧлѣʶԼʧ̬ܲ˼˵С𴲣ҶڿˣΪС˵ҪŶӽǰȥȽϺá
š
ӦһͰСȥ
԰Ϊ˯Ƴһۣû˵ʲô߳׷᳡ߡ
Ļ᳡֮ǰûȥһͽʽԲһλΧ̨̨ŵ컨ϣһ貶Ŀˮ׹ҵĿ⡣
ԱλͨԱֿɡ
԰˵ţ᳡һȥ
һװˣ԰̬𾴵ʺ֮󣬾Ͱᡣ
ְᣬ̨ǽһ͸ⲣ˿ԾӸ¿᳡ʽλңȫʲô
ֲܲԺܺõıǵ˽򵽹󣬾Ͳõıˡƽᣬ¶ϲ֮ɫ
԰װ˳ȥ󣬱ǿɲһ˵췽Լͻй¶ǵϢ
췽ǺΣˣ׸ǵĿڵ
ĵ˵ɡ
԰˵ţڰҸλ£Ŀ᳡̨
Ҳ׷֮¡
ֻ̨ܿһŸӱӣ֮ǰİֺˡ
ֺһ̨ĻͲȻɤӿڵλĿˣҺãشҶʶңҾͲҽˣⳡᣬ췽ʷٰʢᣬһ߼ϡ䱦뾺ģʮԸŹĹĿԴ
ֺ˻һ䣬ȫһƬȻ
ܶң֪뾺ĵ顣
һ˲䣬᳡վͱ˳
һ߼ϡ䱦лʮĸܲ˷ܡܲ
ƽз⣬˫ȭס̨ңʤ
ڣʽʼҪĵģһǹŹĸŵĸʨҵ񣬸ŵĸʨ5000ʷԼǹԪǰ3000Ԫ28000ǰʱ죬ڸŵĸʨļֵĸλҸҾͲ˵ˣļ5000𣡡
ֺ˵ĻһƬȻ
û뵽һĵȻϡ
ڸŵĸʨҵڴųֱ̂չڻ᳡ϷһĻϳ֡
ղؼǿĻȫɫ
Ƕ췽ӵиŵĸʨʵԣɣи־ۡ
6000򣡡
7000򣡡
8000򣡡

ľ˷ĲƽǾԸпϵĳ̫ˡ
ֻн԰΢΢üͷҼǵŵĸʨҵ񣬲ڵڶηǷʱ򣬱һλŷղؼôֻص췽ˣ
԰ôһ˵˶оԾ
һݣ֮ǰֻ޸ݲ²⣬ڼȷ췽ʲôɫˡ




1586¡
 

С㣬˼˵췽ͨĳֶΣְѸŵĸʨҵûȥˣ
ƽǣʵҲ԰һ仰ʲô˼
һ£ﱻߺλղؼҲ򲻵ѣԲٴγۡ
ղؼǶԹŶķġ
һİӻҪܡ
ôλŷղؼߵĸŵĸʨΪʲôٶȻص췽ϣ
ֵζĵط̫ˡ
ֻǴҶ֪᳡϶췽أǲ˵̫ԡ
ҲǸŷղؼȥ췽ظŵĸʨǼɡ
԰˵˵ҲţԼš
ֻ˵м췽Ķѡ
ܿ죬ŵĸʨҵһĸ߼ۣĳеĳߡ
͸ͫע⵽Ǹһ𷢱۵⡣
ߣһɢΣϢӦıߡ
֮⣬ܿ󲬽УɢһΣյϢ
ЩЩܸӦĿ⣬׷᷽򿴹
ֻ޷͸ӣֻܸӦ԰İһΣռһߵ
ǣⲢη塣
ĳĿ⿴ʱȻ֪ԼǸоȫƤһ΢ĴʹС
ĸ֣
Ҫĵڶǡֺ˼ܡ
ڶﱻС˳ʱٴֳĺ䶯
мһ˸߹һˣǵ鱻׵ȼˣ
ֺֻ΢ЦΪǰ澺ĵֻǿθ˶ѡ
Ĵͣں档
ӹ԰İᡣ
֪˿ʵǽ԰
Űֺֿһᣬ¶µľη֮ɫ
ǸᣬǸղĿʹƤڰᡣ
ֺ˵Ŀ⣬ǿˣֻһ˿ɵһȴǳ׵ľη
ȻΪǸĸ֣Ҫǿࡣ
Ȼ׶ʱֺͻȻ˫ĿŹ⣬˷ܵĴλעˣҪģǽĵһ
ȫ䶯ﵽߵ㣡
ѹϷڿˣ
ֻһλŮɣһµĽֺ̨̿ȥҽ̸ӵʱסɴ۾Ͽȥ
ӱҿһֻɫĹӽָ
ʲôֳûһղؼҡʦϵó
԰Ҳϵã΢΢ǰӣ뿴øϸЩ
ֺҲӣЦŽܵǹɪеξĽָΪ֮䣬ԭоöģֻһöˡ
ɪС
Ƿ׷׾̾
ǶԹɪеʷٶ˽⡣
ֻ֪ǹɪеһ˵ʷǷʵڣд֤
ɪеĹֵûڴеߡ
֮䣬ļһ𡣡
˸ߵļۣвٸ־ۡ
Σ֮䶼ǹ
ɪйٷ֪϶ỨѳһĴչȥ
ղؼֵʵʼֵǺܸߵġ
ȻƽȻļղؼңͶĽָûȤˡ
С㣬Ӹղſڣûпڶǰߡֱ췽óģʳұȽϹĵһ⡣
ĿǰûС
԰һ߻شһע᳡еľ
Ӻ֮䱻Ƕߡ
ţָ߽ģȻǸжΪвԵˡ
ڳ͸ͫУֻ֮һöָͨܲΪʲôǸ˻
ܿ죬ˡ
ڶﱻʱ˸պļۣǸļ־ۡ
ûиһﻹˣǼһôǮ𣿡ͨλϵĸǣ׷ױﲻ
֮ĳɽ½ָˣֶԵڶѵǸ˼ǿӡģ
ֺ΢΢һЦ벻Ҫɺ˹Ĳ֧ǿ϶ȡĵġ
˹˭ôû
ڳλղؼңͷӶۣ˭Ҳû˹֡
˵Ǽںܶ฻ԸⱩ¶Լݡ԰İ׸²
ɳͣ˵еҲΪǼ
˹¶ټɡ
ٴξ̾ǣǶλ˹ֽºü
ǲˡ
ѵ˹ʮﲻɣ
Ļһ뿪᳡ͻΧ
ֺû˵ʲôҲֻܱԹһ£۲˼ңʲô취
ҪǣʮФ֮סססס
ʲô
԰ƽ׸Сվ
˫һ㣬ס᳡̨




1587¡Ĵ
 

ʮФף
ʮͭԭΪԲ԰Ȫһ֣峯Ǭ¡ĺͭ
1860ӢԻģԲ԰ͭʼʧ⡣
ֱ2012꣬еţססס׺ͭ񣬲Żع黪ģղڱݡ
2013꣬Ƥŵ޳黹Բ԰ʮˮе׺ס
ˣʮФ8ع飬ڱá
Ψסס׺ףһٶȥѰ䲻
ⳡʢֳղؼǣ֪ж˺ķʮʱ䡢ԹƵǮƣȥѰʣµĴФס
ͨ죬Ȼһ
ƽȻղؼңΪҲʣµĴˡ
Ҳһ
ƽʱעʮФ׵Ķ
һӰľʮФ׵Ĺ¡
ˣ֪ʮͭ񣬶Իĵжش
ȫͭعζŻһشʤŻĴ׸ĸ򡢵¾ѵʷ̡
ʣµĴף췽̧̨ʱȫ䶯ˣ
ƽ׸Щղؼңȫӯ
԰ͰССҲǼ֮ɫ
Բ˵ΪûػĹ
ʮФףܲΪ֮鼤
ȻƵñ˺á
Ҽ󣬳ܿ侲˼׶Ρ
룬ĵĻǲĵǫ̃ϵĴס
⸻Ҳڳмٸۺ
˵ᡢǰȫĺ˹
Ĵ䣬ΪǸ˹־ڱصõġ
ҪĴͻػģͱ붯ǿӲֶˡ
ţȴ̨ϵ˵ôض֪ʮФףǹеĹҪ֪ĹٷҲֻûذ˸ʣĸֵ޿ɹ췽ļڣ뿪ʼİɣ
ĸףļͦ
˶֪ļֻ췽㶨ġ
ĸֵԶԶֹĸڡ
췽֪Լ٣ճɽ۶ԶԶ
ļۺֱֳֻۡ
ڣ
ڣ
ڣ
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ʮʱ䣬Ĵ׵ľļۣʮ
ֲ˵Ľʢһᡣ
ʵ̫ˣ
¸м˷ĭɣɤӶ캰ˡ
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ļ˱̬ٶǻôĵ𰡣
ƽ̾ǻΪδϴǧŹʵ̫ˣĴĳɽۣ»ڶʮϣϲҾҵҲ𰡣
Ҳһ֮̾ʮϡԻشҪ򲻻ȥĻҪлˣ
λǼʾİɣǵļҲǰ׼ңӦùˡ
׸飬òƽǰһ
԰ôû뵽취أ
󸻺ѵ򲻻Ĵף
ⷽܺãǱһ¸óʽȻҸ𾺼ۣɷ񣿡ƽ
Ͱ׸һͬͷʾû
˱ʽ𣬼оӦĴףǲƽ°еľ۰ťʼۡ
ƽϣĴ׵ľۣһʮ֡
ͨλϵĸѾкܶ˸ˣֻܷۣ㴷ء
ĵģֻȼʯˡ
˹ڵİᣬͽ԰ߵװԲͬӦʯᡣ
ҲǼȥļ֮һ
ž۵ԽԽ٣ƽͰ׸һ
ʮһڡ
ƽһµ֡
ȥȻһ㶯ûУһϲ
ѵȫˣ
ţʯı۵ͻȻ
ʮڣ
˹ٴθģ
˹˭ղºüھȻôǮˣȷôǮ𣿡
¸Ƿ׷ɡ
ʵ̫ۺˣÿ˶Ϊ˹ȴû뵽ÿһϳȫ˹ߡ
ҪĴҲ˹Уǿɲܺ˹ǲʯԱ϶ҪϧۡһȷѪ꣡
˵ˣǲҪɺ˹ĲЦЦ԰İᣬ5ŲᣬǻҪ𣿡
ƽͰ׸һۣȻҧҧ°ť
ʮڣ
߰ĵƸ𣬶ʯ͸ƣ·˹ܿõƽĶһ
ʮڣ
˹ͻȻ߾ۣȫԻȻ




1588¡񾺼
 

ʵ̫ˣ
ʮ
֣Ѿڳܶ฻ȫҡ
ܶ˻ﲻ֡
ϵĸȻǳ࣬ܵʮҲҼģǿ϶ŵϺŵġ
ƽ׸˵ҼҲͱһѡ
֮ǰѾһЩǮھҵҲղʮˡ
ʮڣһΣֺ˹
ô죿ô죿ƽˣȹϵϡ
ҪĴױߣǶԼǻĵˡ
ļ֮£˿԰ͳ
ʱ԰ȿˣǽҵʲɣǼֻóˡ
ղؼҶ֪û䣬óѾܲġ
ƽмĿ˽԰һۣæ°ťʮڣ
۳󣬽԰˰Ǹ˹Ҫٸˣ
̬ǣĵ
ʮڣ
һòƽǾ֡
ˣȫˣ
ղؼڵѪ
С༱ֱ
԰Ҳһʱ֮ѣңȻǳϣʮФȫع黪ģ˵ޱش
ͻȻ䣬԰ʲôȥ
֪ǰôǮòˡ
Ĵף֮ǰµȫﶼҪأ㻹ܲóǮ
԰Ļòƽȼϣ
ǰôǵУһС̳أ
ϣ񣬳Ӧܡ
̶֣ٴν˵ϣ
԰ߵĳһΪҲǰ֮ˣû뵽عĻᣬڶҿˣ
Ҷ԰˵һ޷
ǰ죬µôңǿȫ׳١
죬ôֿɵáֻһߵĴһ뷨ûУ
ôϡĻĹҵҲҪȥŶ԰
ܵ˵Ŀ仯΢΢һЦҵ˼˵ǳǮԼľС
ôǮ𣿡԰ʵ
Ҳܻɣ׻жټҵס
԰жǮͲˣúÿŰɡ
˵̨꣬ϵ˺ʮڣΣ
¸ǣۼĴףҪǸ˹ȥͻȻ֮䣬ǿ5Ųĵ
ʮڣ
ģǷ׷ױסԼԴǲ֮ɫ
ΪΪ5ŲңղֻһһڵļӼۣ϶ɽˮĵز
û뵽һᵽʮڡ
ѵղŵһУװģ
ֺ˿5Ųһۣһ˿ɻ
ˣ϶ļʾ۵ġ
ȴû뵽ʮֻǳһ˱ľۡ
𣿡԰ŵĿų
ʮڣң
ĸôʲ
˵ǰѾôǮ
Ҫ֪پ۵Ļ˾Ի⵽췽ͷ㵱ĵºҲᱻȡ
ȫ˲
Բ԰ҲΪˡ
ƽæѵҽԼʲϼŵģҲʮɣʱò췽Ҫʩӳͷˡ
ȷʵûʮڡЦúܴݣܵ
԰ֺĵﱨۣôϲ𣿡
ʲôʱ˵Ҵ㻨ʮĴˣǹһ˿ϷʵĻȡ
԰һɵɴ۾
ѵ룿
Ǿ仰죬ҺúÿžС仰һƽǶ֪ԼȰˡ
֪϶ʲô󵨿ŵľٶõĴ
Ի֮ʱ̨ϵѾڶ飺ʮڣڶΣ
أֵʯĺ˹Ĭˡ
˶һӵ͸ͫĻܿ˹һˣҲһ԰ֺ˵ĺҪֵö࣬Եøг˵
˹Ӣ׷ʿһ̩ϿŬɭƷĺţ̶Գ졢ءǵʡ
ʮھ۵ʱ˺ụ̈ƺǷȥԥ
ԱһСĵʵ˹˺ˣҪ𣿡
˹һâ΢΢˵ͷ
ᣬ°ť
ʮڣ
µĸٴκ䶯ЩѾ𺳵ľˡ
ļ۵Ĵף̧ʮڣ˭Ҳû뵽ۣ
5Ųᣬ
ǵĻɻһʱ䣬5Ųĵƾ
ʮڣ
ˣȫˣǿʲôʮ󸻺֮ľ𣿡




1589¡
 

ֺٴο5Ųᡣ
Ѹٹ㣬ĸǷõóʮ
ĻҲ˵λҲӽˣȤֺţĲɸЦ˹Ȳǻ׸ɡ
ɣ˹ȥ
ֻǵʮڵεʱ򣬺˹ĵƣû
ðֺɻ
ѵ˹ҪѻĵĹóȥ
ɲ˹һ硣
֪˹Ǻڷ˵ѣصڵצۺμġ
֪˹һ̣ʮĹҲûκˡ
һûĵԺ˹˵һܴ衣
԰ֺ˲ŷǳ⡣
ܿ뵽ʲôȻһЦ
ȻԺ˹˽⣬ֻбɽһǡ
˹ĴǮֻʵռСһ֡
õĴףиõֶΡ
ֻû뵽ʵҲġ
ʮڵΣɽ
˾Ծ̾ԭΪ˹һĵû뵽һȴʧˡ
Ĵףһظʮ߼ߣ
췽óһϡﾺġ
г˼ҵĹһȤûУֻƽɳϣ΢У״̬
԰ӣ̫װˣʱȻôĴ
ιһΪҵĲԱݺãŸҼپĴ׵İɣºҿôճ
ĲԱɵЦˣ԰ǧݵ£ô룬Ҿĺ˹ʯԱ
⡭԰һʱ䲻֪λӦ
ȷʵҲˣ˹ʯԱݡ
1961һηǷῪʼڶ1980ꡢ1998꣬ٵһΣʱȽʮ꣬ÿһᶼɴμӣʯԱ
ɼ˹ݱжôǿ
Ӻ˹ǰ漸һϿͿɼһߡ
ղصĴȻûжĴ׼ȥø˳
ǿĲԱ
Բˡ
԰ֲɵӣֻͨΪ˹ǣǮϵģŷġ
º󣬳ҪôӦ췽ͺ˹
Ȼ֪˹ʯԱô㲻췽һλµʯԱʱ򻹲ҪҵĲԱ㡣԰Ȼܲˬ˵׻ƫġ
Ѿڿĳ£ҲֻܰԼĲԱˡ
ڽ԰Ļֻ΢΢һЦٻӦ
ʮӺ󣬰ֺͻȻ⿴˳ߵİһۡ
񣬳붼֪ܿһĹҪˡ
ʳգyou̳ͭƷһڷݣһڶȪݲݣһӶǱõġֺ˵Ļֵζĵطܶࡣ
˾̾ʳճͬʱҲڰ룬Īǰʱ䶫學ֱа۴ɱ孵һʦʥڣԭһĶа£¶孿飬ʳղűǷ췽֣
²⣬ܶ˶ò޿ܡ
Ͼ췽޷ġ
Ӷ孲߹Ҳʲôϡ¡
ڳĸǣ˭ʳǲ
ֻҪƷС
ļۣڿʼ
ļۺ󣬲ƽ˵ĹһҪˣ۰ɡ
˵仰ڣ
˹ֿʼˣ
ƽͰ׸˲оѹɽ
˹֣ôù
Ǽֲ֣˹ֻԹȤһûġ
ؾ۵˺ܶ࣬ʱǿղĴ׵İᣬź˹İơ
塭ûɣʮڣ
ȫ˲ɵۣһƬѻȸ
΢΢ʮڵľۣġ
ӣ԰ˡ
˼Һ˹ȫƴֵģҲʹᵽڡ
ֱӷʮʮڣ֪˻Ϊ׸
ʯ˹һüͷ۵ӹһ˿ɱ⡣
ԱߵֶʱоԼһ㡣
ˣôǮ𣿡أ¸ɵĶ󣬴Ӻ˹˳
Ҫ֪ոǲſ5Ųᣬʮ߼Ĵס
һʮڣ
￪ӡģҲûôǮɣ
ֺۿ5Ųᡣ
˵ոΪǰȫʾۣٷְȷԭĴ׿ʼǳڵң
ڻĵЩʲͿˣ϶ûһ
5Ųᣬ췽òһֹͣ⾺Ϊ




1590¡Ȼ
 

һ˵5ŲûôǮڶ⾺ۣҷ׷ֻ
Ȼڽⳡʢϣ췽
5ŲˣΪԼĲԱжţ
ڶУȫˡ
Իᱻ췽ι㡣
԰ȫʮǼ
ˡ
ǳˣ
ƽϽȰҽǷ۰ɣǵĲƲͱ췽һˣλ˹ġ
˵ˣұͲҪôǮ񣬻һĹž޲ƽݣĹֻһҲòȥѾˣͽҰɡ
㣿ʲô˵ֻ췽Ѿж⾺ˣȥẦˣ԰ǳ
ԼвԱݣ췽ô
ĺпܱ۶
ٺãôȵأ
¹Ҳûȥ
Ȼֻǵ˽԰һۣȻһť
ð˽õġ
ˣϣѾʶҵʵѵƾˣֵһ𣿡
Ļǲ֪ԭ5ŲģλСҽ
ȻܶڵһϹ󣬾ֹ֪Сҽô򵥣аǰʮʵظ֡
ڳʵֵֵһǾͺֵȶˡ
˵ĵһӦǣСֵƨһΪǰʮôֵǮˣֲǰǰ
벻Ҫ͵㱾ֵֵһһ£ֵôߺˣѵԼ壬ȡ𣿡˼άݣ̾η
Ϊ˻ᷢŭҲͲʲôϷǿֱӿˡ
˵Ҳ޷Ӧ
ˣҵ˼ˡ
˵һڣ˵ǲｻңҴ췽ʧһϣ
˻һȫȻ
ڹȻ췽
˶Ϊаǰʮʵظ֣ҲѰ·
԰ȫĻˡ
˵Ǻ췽ﻹеأ
³ˣ
֪㽫Ϊ仰Ĵ𣿡Ц
û˿췽
ǰǰʮǰ壬ǰ
Ҳ֪Ҫֻۣ֪ǲѻĹҵĴʲôʹ췽˵ȫء
ŭ˵ЩʲôͻȻﴫһͳ
СӼģΪֹⳡᣬǲܰµĹٺúøˡ
һȻ۵׸η֮ɫ
ǣڷˣ췽ĻеķԸı⣬˶Ըˡ
췽ΪʸĹղһСС죬ϣ㲻Ҫϡ
̬ͻȻһٰʮȴת䣬Ŀɿڴ
ǸСҽȻ췽췽ṵ̂ȥι㣬ˣ
ôһ£
԰ǣҲȫɵˡ
ۣһô
Ҿô࣬ƾղǷ췽ưոݲŶԡ
±Ƶʱ򣬾¿ʼˡ
ʮڵһΣ˻ָɫ·ղʲôҲû
ʮڵڶΣ
ʮڵΣ
û˾ۣʮڵΣãɽǹϲԻĵĳɹ»Ĺﻢʳգ
Ȼ˵ֳȴûһ˹ơ
Ϊʵ̫Źˡ
췽ûгͷλ˹Ҳûмġ
ѵղŶ췽вЧ
췽ıʵûôǰʮĸ־ˣ
һЩԭͼĸ֣뵽һ㣬гһ󵨵뷨
ʵǲȫ췽Ĺأ
ҽõ飬ѵǾã
ǵ뷨һ䣬Ҳˡ
òôǣҲû֮ǰôҡ
΢΢üͷ
֪ǳӰ졣
仰вģĵҪҪû뷨Ź֣
뵽ڷ˵ķԸ˻Եġ
ֻҪкڷڣڳôּҲ죡

οﻹкڷ˵Ѻ˹
˹߹˿̲֪жŭ
ʱڷˡ˹֣װȫµĸɱ⣡




1591¡ٴò
 

ʮӺһˡ
ȻĹеһ
˳뾺ġ
һξ־۵ˣȴ쳣Ķࡣ
֮ǰЩͨǣͻȻȫǺ˹жôƴˣѡͺ˹ֱӾۡ
ʯĺ˹ɫЩ
֪ܶ۵ˣʵ
ֻǶ⾺۶ѡ
һеףȻǸ
˿ɲô˶⾺ۡ
ҲˣϾаǰʮʵҺڷ⽻Ȳøˡ
µĴ󲿷ңʲô
췽ԣ
ȫͣһ£
˴һȡ
۵ģȫҵһ£Լжپ֣򽫱췽жΪ⾺ۣȡǵľʸ񣡲òòǵᣡ
ˣ˵ƨأ
ϾҲˡ
Ǹʽ𲻹ܾĹ˵仰ǾͬˣƾʲôǾͲܣ
˵öԣƾʲôǲܣ췽Դǲǣ
ô˼ҲǳصģǺһѵ𣿡
ԽԽˡ
ҳղûͷЩ˵Ҳʮֵ޼ɵ
˴üͷ
ˣˡ
ΪΪⳡʷʢǷᣬ޷˳ɣ
췽˵ĳ裬޷ܣ
ڷˡ˰סʾĻС
ġ
ڷ˵ĻӦȫ˵ϡ
ֻڷ˼˵סж˵ҵģȻЩ˸ǣʱһʷˣԽԽãԺǰμңŻԽء
仰ŨŨɱѪķ
ǺڷˣںЩµˣҲںǾٰʢᱻƻ
ֻɱˣ
ˣڷˡɿ֣ɨȫλ췽ͬǺۡ
ȫһƬ˷֮
췽ٴˣ
֪ҾӦŽͲҺɫսս
вңѡ񱣳ֳĬûж⾺ۡ
Ǿ췽ô˵ġ
ǰᣬжңԵѪĽѵСˣ
嵷ҵģǸһң֪ѣ
ҽղŵľٶȡúܺõЧ췽һòˡƽŵ˵
ҲһһĲ˼顣
⻹ӡ޷졢Եƥ췽
ûô򵥡ɲΪ췽ˡ
෴ģоһȷѪ꣬
ƽʳʲôȴߵǷ
ԭ˹һڹľϣˣ
Ϊ췽òǿ㱨ۣ˹ѭ浸صıۣȻǾ⾺۵ġ
ߣô⣬ǿ޵ġĸЦڷ˵Ѻ˹ؾصıۣȴұ߼ۣԼʲôˣ
ʯһĺ˹ɫԽԽÿ
ǸղŽӵһѵĵ绰ͿƲסŭˡ
ⳡᣬʮ־ڱصá
Ϊͷ⾺۵ԵʣֵĹ϶һҲò
λڵ绰ﱣ֤ʮᰴ۸񣬽ϡ
˹ƽϢŭ
Ȼ˷ŹЩ⾺۵ıۡ
رǸճµĻСӡ
治þˣġ
ǣ˹æͷ
ͬʱ۵׷һ˿Ѫ⡣
ɱ¾Ҫˣ
Сʱȥ
β
ûоĵĹ
Ϊ߼۸񣬶˱ߵġ
ⳡᣬѾʧȥ塣
ֻǳûиĵĹúܶҾʲôǰʮҲˣ˵ǰϵıֻ֣һЩûʶ˴ġ
ôţΪʲôҼȥ
ǵ˼άٷɢһ£ʵˡĳ췽ˣ췽жͣ
ⳡᣬԲλ׼һ£㵽¥𣬴Ȼ뿪֣ùҹ
˵Ļûж
ܶұǶ⾺ۣôȥ
뿪֣Ҳǲܵ顣
Ϊ췽ˣһЩѾȥ̽̽췽ϵˡ
췽ԸҲ˳Ը
췽ɱ˵Ҹã˶ϣ˶һЩ




1592¡һ
 

Ȼط䣬½ҪôɡĽ԰˵껰վ
ûһ߳ᡣ
뿪᳡ʱͶƵĿ⡣
òƽľɵüӿŲ
ʮӺһоյĻص׷
ô췽Ҫ㽻㲻ܽóȥҲ˵µ൱ˡ԰һ׷Ͷųʵ
Ҳһͬ
㣬ֻʣһСʱʱˡ
ľǳҪζܲܰﰲȫػġ
ʵǱȽϱ۵ģƾôܲ߹
֪ʵܲ򵥵ɺȣó췽Ϊ̫ˡ
ֵõ鱨췽ʵɵǰʮǿߡ
һǰʮǿߣ£ѵ췽Ϳȥˣ
Ҫܼ򵥣Ǿ뿪֡ǿӲ˵
仰൱ˡ
ƽͨ˽ڴϣ׶༪٣ڲ׷Ҳȫ
Ҫȥ췽˵ģÿһˣǸţǾ൱ڴ˼ƿ
Ļʮֲ졣
ǽȻҪ뿪ֵġ
췽ֻҪ涼͵ϡ
ƺԼ
ʲôһȡĹĻǾΪȰһ㣡԰ҲǿӲ
С㣬µûȷʵһǲͲˡŽ԰
ۼҪܣ׸æԲС㣬ڲǳʱǶȰȰĻĺöŮ˭¶УǴһȥɡ
ҡҡͷ¶ģһ֮Կ췽
ô
һȰˣϣ㲻Ȱ԰ûĶųͻȻҧҧȻ£Ҿ͸һ£ʱ£һòԱݱһ㣡
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ǲԱݣ
԰ΪԱͬƣ
СƺˣոյһλʯԱ
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ҪҲ£֮ҡ԰ȻһֱԳܴ󣬵ԲԱݱסҲģԲŻȥˣΣ
úúãҼʶһĲԱжඥá
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ߵĻ͸𱣻԰ɡ
ǡ
ɺȶһۣ˵Ķԥ
ȻǵʵֻҪµĻӦòʲô⡣
һ췽ԲҴɱأ
ǿɲ췽Կ
ΣյҹҪһͨŮѶȿɲһĸߡ
жҲԣ԰͸ߡǿ֡
Σ˰ﲻ̫æ
˼ǻ£ֻܿǷ񱣻С㣬ΪҲԼҪ
ɺȣ֮Ǿ¡
ǶǴһĿġ
ǻˮĺûᣬǰ뿪ʧܶмֵĶ
ͷ˵ȥװɣϵǵûУ
ῪʼǰҾϵˣָǡƽش
Ǿͺá
һϼװ塣
ںɫںƶǵĴҵλá
װ󣬷췽źǹŷ
Сʱ
ƽ׸С˹͵֡
С㣬Ĳһ𣿡ƽǵʵ
΢΢һЦǷ뿪ɣս϶ʧġ
ƽֻ̾һͽ԰ǧҪСģȻôԱȥ
ĿһԶȥĿת԰ϣС㣬ʱʱ̶̿Ҫңжҿûʱ㡣
˵ʲôҪҺòã԰㱻仰ںܶ˶֪ǲԱֻҪҲǱˣӦòҶֵģûʲô췽ҲῴҵĲԱϣҽ
С㣬ͻ֪ԼжôˡҡͷһЦȻת¥ȥ
ǽĵط
ιҪȥ𣿡԰æϡ
ֻȥûǻĵˡ




1593¡ɱ¾ʼ
 

Դ񣡡԰˸ۣų߽¥
Ѿۼһѡҡ
ֻǣǺͳһǽġ
أϿˣ
˲ҲУﶼó
췽ǵôãӲ
ĸ֣˵ȫԽԽ
ܶΪ췽ˣǵҲ֮ΪԼܺ췽Կ
ҲһЩڰЦΪЩ˵󻰵˶Ǽİ׳ա
󣬴¥һۡ
֮ǰжΪΣյû档
ңں֮ڡ
ƶ˵ġ
Щʵǿң׷˿
ΣǶȥһܿǰǰʮĴ֡
԰״ΪЩ˸ӣֻǽݺٻ
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װĵİӡ
ӿȥַӢʿŵ壬ߵǵϣȴκα鶼ûУ·̨
Ƕûӵһ£ֻΪ֮ǰЩװһ췽ĹԱ
һ˵ڿʼ¹ȽŶӵȺ򡣡
Ҫǽǵأó˽
ǹЦǮȻܼѵڻ췽
ǻɣֻһֽǮһֽĹأ˵Բԣ
ԣ
ڶҷ׷塣
˳ɫǸͷļһȻʹ˸ɫ
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ʲô
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ͬʱΧһƬ
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ҽֱ֮ӱ
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ɱ¾ʼˣ
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̫ˡ԰һصʬ壬ŵŨŨѪһŻºѣεĸо
ĳѨλһ㣬ֹס˽԰ҪŻµĳ嶯
ллл԰Ŀ㲻£
ĲԱôẦأһЦ
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˵öԡ˳Ž԰ĻֻЦеϷһ㡣
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ЩֵģǴ㽻ˣʵ
ſѪȵɱ¾֮ʣµĸ֣û˸ˡ
Ǻܿ˷Լˡ
һûгֵĸֲмڵֻǲһȺ֣ˣսǵ֣ǱճµСӣվű𶯣үκ֣ûͷĻүһɱ
֪˵ЦЦ˫ֱأʮɵ̬ս
ŶԸ췽֣Ȼֵڡ
ϾĴսں棬Ҫʵ
Ǹ߰ĸ֣һ䣬ɱһ
ǲһʱ䣬ͳŲסˣ
ιճµģæүҪҲһû֣սʤ̬Ŀܣ
֣¶ڽЦ⣬ղ˭˵κֵģ
㶼ˣ˼үĴ̣æǸֽ֮£ֱһȭѪ硣
ǳ̧ͷ죬һۡ
ǻ߰ɣŲסˡ԰С˵
ûûعôߣ˵ţսİֺˣǵǲȫ
ô봳ȥ𣿡Цʵ㣬ȷʵ棬ûǸʵȥܽȥֻǺڷĶѣ
ڷˣԣü˼
ѵ˵ģͨ͸ͫҷǸظ֣




1594¡ɱ
 

һϣҵʱ򣬼Ǹν췽ϰ壬ʵһ۾ͿֻǸûʲôʵļһ
ĻУҵĳ
ֻǸ䣬һϢڣ³͸ͫò̫С
ʱȷǸĻУҺɫϣҪ֮һ
һˣǽμӾĵʯԱ˹
ֺ˵²еġڷˡӦþ췽ϰˡ
ʱһ˶սӵĸ֣ѾȭɣײǽϣѪ磬ۿҪˡ
ţӱ
ûʲôоߵĽ԰ȴŵСҰס
ˣǸղһֱûг֣ҵĲԱϣ뿪ɣ԰Ȼ£ǹڡ
˹Ц
С㣬ʵ̫ˣÿɰ
ǽȺβμǵᣬĿˣҲΪԱܵƣ
һս췽ȨΪǿĲԱϣûкƽϵģ
˵԰ɴ۾ʵѵ𣿡
˵Сĺ棬ҾʵɣԳʵҪĲԱӻ췽ΣΣյ߸֮һ
˻һ԰ŵĿ
֪Һɫϣǧ֮УΣܶࡣ
ȴû뵽Ȼһ
һŵýǰߣ
ֲ죬޼ɵΪߵҶΨֱ֮
ԭˣ
췽ҲΪ˳ȥ̵ŴԳ֡
ԭһֱƭң԰ĳ仰
˵԰Լʲô
еЦãʱ԰죬Ŀֺˡ
ȻǰΪΣյ߸ˣͶ¶ҵɱ¾ƻ˰ɣ
ûּң϶ؾزμᣬҪɱˣ˵Ļޱȣ㣬㲻췽úڷ˷ǳĿ˺˹ؽ֮أ
ߣٰĽǷᣬǻǶһĹļ̤Խ֮֯Ҳʧˣ
һ䣬ͻȻʧԭء
һ̣ǰһȭ
򲻹ڷ˾ѡߡ
ֺ仰û˵꣬ѽһûӦİһȭɱ
˴ʧɫԳһӵϣ
ֻǳɱˣͬɱȭ֮Ѫɣ֮ը죡
һ˲֮䣬־ͱըѣ
һĻ԰ɵס͡
ֺ˳׾ˡ
ڼɱٸֵӣȴסһʱ䡣
˵ߵʵ࣬ĵز
ɱֺ󣬳Ŀֺ߹ȥ
ΪɱǣΪԼսڷˣֺ˵ţȴһֵȥǺڷˣǺ˹ɱ㶼һֻ򵥣
ҺڴһЦָֺ˲
ֺһ̿סԼĲӣȻ󻺻ڵϣһ¾͸ˡ
԰ҽҡûж˵ϻҴţȥ
԰룬ŷӦסĲȹһصʬ壬߽ҡ
֮󣬳͸ͫѸһɨ
ֻȻչ
ĵҲ档
ȷ϶Ʒ󣬳
ôôȥ԰һ˵һ߹ȥһĴס
ܼ򵥣ҾֿĻĸۿھˡ
Ļٴý԰Ȼ
Ѿֿػĸۿڣ˵ü򵥣Ҵֲǵģô
Юִ𣿡԰ͻȻ뵽һ㣬Ǹ˵Ǹʲôڷ˷ǳ㻹Ҫɣ
ûһˡ
ȡЦһ䣬ȻиһĨɱ⡣
ǸڷˣӦþ췽ϰ壬һڸҵǿѹ֮£ɹٰĽǷᣬܲ򵥣һսûôô򡣡
ô˵԰ӵˡ
Ȼ֪ʵжǿڷ붼룬϶綥֡
ҺܿǸ͡սḻϹ
˽԰ܵģ̫ᣬǶ֡
Щͷ߰ɣȥǸڷ˵˹һ𡣡




1595¡Ѫǹ
 

תȥÿһ͸оԼϵѪҺһ֡
ڷ˹Ҳļɵ
߳¥֮󣬳֣ˣƣ˸Уһ籩꣬
ѹݣ˿̣ѹֵ˼㡣
԰оԼеѣȫƤ飬ΪȽŶɵġ
ͻȻûɵĲ˱
ΪƾŮ˵ֱоĳ׶༪٣
Ҫǻ뿪ɣ֪֮ǰҵĴûҾ췽ٰĽǷᣬǿģαһ֮ȥԿ췽أ
Щ£ұȥܻܿḶĴۡ
仰˵úƽܼ򵥣ȴ˽԰顣
Լ԰ȴδȻӢţǧӣ
ԲıˣʵҲӦΪ׸԰ͻȻܺڣԼΪʲôҪôԴΪԱܺʹ뱣
ŷԼ뷨жôЦ
˵ʲôԲҲעģ߰ɣȥװ忴ӦһսҪʼˡ
Ӧװĺ󷽣ɱһܸܵ񱩵ĴŷһΪΣ߸˵ĸ֣Ӧúͺڷˡ
첽ɣ԰Ͻȥ
꣡
¡
ûߵװ壬ͻȻһͬߵ˶£ɫַǳѽ԰ŵͨͨ
΢΢üΪʲô׵븽ĺУȫƤһɴʹУ𼫶Σյľס
ǰĴս˳ѹĪɻ
ʮ
ͽ԰൱һС򳡵ĺװ塣
ֻװϣܹоŸˣվš
ĬվһߣϹҵΪΣյ
Ҳվһһ쳣ߴһͷзɫͷ£ͬʨëɫ˫Ұ۾һоѹȸޱȾ޴
ǳһǸĻУܾܿƵĺڷˡ
һ˴ŵŷʽ̶İֺ޼£ȫ͸¶Ŷһ˿ʡ
λȻǺ˹
ˣǺ˹֣һŶֹŷˡ
֣Ÿ˵Ŀ
ֻоԼעһ㣬ֻԼʮ¥ߵľˣѹûмܿס
԰һ¾Ͷסѹȥ
סҪصĽ԰ŵһ
Ȼǿ˿֣ٿұߵˡ
룬Ӧվһߵİɡ֮Уһͷеɫ̺ۡԼĪʮĸʵ
Ҳվκһߣֻûǻĵı˳ͽһĹˡ
ĻشǸ΢΢һ
Ӧô˵ȻǺվһߵġ
ûлӦһԸ췽
ϾûػĹҪġ
ʱĸߴطһЦ˵ܺãǶˣԸλļʸ֪췽ĻҾ͸λҽһ£ΪڷĽǷᣬҾٰģ
ߣԭǺڷǵ鱨УһֱûϸϣڶҪˡڷҾ֣ķĹ
ڷЦѪǹͼ㶼ӰǰôˣԸô꣬ҵֻһͼǳôãҲãһγ׵˽ɣ
ڷô˵̲ס࿴˸ղŸ˵ĸһۡ
ԭ֣ʲôѪǹͼƺǰǰǿߡ
ڷ˵ͼģѵ˵ʵǿ󵽿Աȹȡ
֣ѪǹͼΪ׵ӣӦöʵܷ
ͼܿ˵۵ĸ֣һԸڷҪȻԶֵİǲֵġ
ţȴͼѾͳһѵѪɫƵĽɫǹ
ǹʵ̫̫ˣɱ˵ǹ
洫Ϣǳое㺮⡣
ͼѪǹǺܵһûбƻֻǽΪҵĲƷ֮һڷǰѪǹиһ˿̰֮ɫ
ڷ˵ˣֻѪǹոĵ378
ͼ˵ţָʾȻ߿
ߴ󶥼֣Ըڷͺ˹ҼˣȰѺڷɱˣ




1596¡ս
 

ˣסǸ˹֣
ԸͼжϣڷвĶ֡
˹Ҫѷһ
ǴӺ˹ĹȴؾصΪУжϳġ
ͼΪ˵УӦǰĵʵ
ԲŴóһԼǰĸ֣ٶɱڷ
ʣµĺ˹֣һĻᶼûС
ں˹ͼȫڡ
ͼ˵󣬺ڷͺ˹ȴЦӺڳЦͼ
ѪǹҲ㻹е갵ǰʵܿϧǵʵ̫͹ˡڷ԰ҡҡͷһǺ˹Ƕһ˻ɱˣǾȻŷɢս𣿡
һ˻ɱˣ
ͼԣһߡ
ϣֻаǰλʸ˵仰ڷ㲻˵ͺ˹ǰǰɣ
ʣȻȫŵġ
֣ҲȫȻš
ڷͺ˹ǰǰ֮ززˣĻվ˶š
Ұǰλ϶Ƿôͼ顣
Һͺ˹ȻǣǲǣȻʸ˵仰֮ǰ˹Ȥݣǡڷ˵ţӹһ˿˷ܵɫ
ں˹ݣ˶ǳɵ
Ժ˹ûȤ˵
˹񣬸ǿһߡ
ΪĹʱ⾺ۣŭûƽϢ
ڷǷϻˣ̺ɱЩһҪʱȫŷޡ
˹˵ţĿͻȻһѼĺɫ
óһ˲䣬ͫΣյâ״
˵ղΪڷʵȺ˹ǿں˹ɢ͸о˱ȺڷҪΣա
ͼԸ˹˶Ըڷ
˵䣬Ѿʼת˫ȭаɫ
ͼ仰ȴʮֲ˵㻹̫ˣҪΪԸۣ߸˵УǿģҪֲܶԸڷ˹Ⱥڷʵ˶٣һϲס
ҵ˼ˡ
ȻӦ
˵ǣ˹ȺڷҪǿʵȥԸܿͻᱻɱ
ʱ˹ͺڷ֣ǸӶס
˻һǸͼߣǺڷͺ˹ȫһ䡣
ͼһӦǣжϳشʧΪڷ϶Ⱥ˹ǿ
ڷͺ˹ķӦǣȻ߸ǿģȴʵһĸͼҪá
Ϊ˵ȷʵûڷԼϲ˹
ֻû뵽ǵһμ棬жϳˡ
жǴģҵ顱
ͼδ˵꣬ѻһӰЮŨŨ棬˹˹ȥ
ٷϻˣ֪ڷͺ˹˭ǿ˭
¡¡
嵽˹ǰ˲䣬һ˶ޱȵ磬ںɫԱ£
ĵطǺ˹ĺ棡
ҫ貶Ŀڳ͸ͫӰ죬ֻоºƤĴʹиǿҡ
أ
һ죬˹֣³Ю˫ȭ
ɫͺɫȥ˹æ˵һԡ
һν֣ͺ˹ʮ־졣
ǣ˹Ȼܽǿһ
˵ʵ̫࣡
ΪԼͻƵڴ֮ʵӽˣӦ޼ˡ
û뵽ôͳһ
˹֮Ծ죬Լͺڷ͹˳ʵ
һչֳʵֹǰʮ
ǰǰ嶼ȥˣ
Ҳ˵߸Уͼһŵһ
Ȼ˹ľֻһ˲䣬ΪóһѾƴȫвûȫ
ڷԸˣС㶨˹ԱߵַԸȻһһɫ˹ȥ
һݣٴγȭɫɢ
˵ȭٴײһ
ͼȻܶס˹־ϲһǾһԸڷˡ
ڷˣϣͼһȫעѪǹ֮ϡ
Ѫǹ˲䱬ǿҵѪɫâȻŷһɢŨŨѪĺɫӵڷȥ
ٺ٣ɱңȥɣڷ쳣ߴһٶȣ˸оͬɽѣ¸ӲʵļװɲǼѣ
ۼǺɫӵ䵽֮ǰڷͻȻ˫һɣָץȻӵץһ¾ͱˡ
ܣͼʱʧɫ




1597¡
 

ͼѪ𵯣˰ڷЦţӵ顣
˲䣬ѾǰԳУ
ͼѹ𾪣ֹУɻľǳҲ
ڷܽסӵ޷ţҲȥΧ
øͼٴξǣ˹۵֣ȻܽסһֵĹƣ
߸˶֣˶аǰʮʵ
ֻǶһ˳ѡ
Ǻ˹һ֣Ҳаǰʮʵ
Ǻ˹ʲô
ͼ룬Է۵糸ٶڷı󣬳źڷĺһǹ
Ͳ˽һǹ˵Χڷܿס
һ̣г˷ǳ˼һĻ
ֻڷһлǰĴַ֣һץְӵץס
̣ûκѹ
°Ѹͼ𾪵Ըӡ
ڷɽסֵΧѵڷղ˵ͺ˹ܶһ˻ɱߴֵĻǼٵģ
ֻһ֮սκһһһɣսͻ֡
ͼôս֣ٴѹס𾪣ȫ׹עѪǹ֮ϣ߱ըһǹ
һŻ𻨣ںڷ󱬿
ţڷ΢΢üһΣǰĴֵĹжңת˫ǰһƣһεĿŻӿȥܿ죬Ż𻨱ɢ֮С
ֱӵߵͱƴ
һУͼ֪Լʵڷ̫ˣ
ڷĴֵȫʵʵĺںڷֻúڷ΢΢ǰѡ
ûκƣ

ĴֱȸͼᣬҲȸͼ׾
Ժڷɲһ˺⻹ô
ٺ٣Щ֣һЦڷмЦˣ
˫һץסֵĲӣٶ֮죬ͼȫϲ
䣡
ͼǿ͸֧ٴκǹ
Ǿٿ죬Ҳ첻ڷ
ڷֵĲ
ּƲ⣬תͷܣͼ
ڷ⣬һӣȱӵҪ죬գ۾ֱ

һҽУͷһֻڷ˫Ѿǵ࣬͸
֮䣬ĸǰʮĸ֣ͱڷŰɱ
ͼ𾪵˼ǹٿ˹֣Ҳѽһֱʮ룬ȡ
һ̣ͼ֪Լĸƻˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬иɫ˫סѪǹϧ͸֧ڷǹ
ڷǹҵʥҲǹҪͬھ
Ҳֻиɴʮ˿ڵСŻһƶƵʥͼҪԼȥɣڷɼĺɫӵܿľĸͼǰ
ڣͼҲ˳׵ľ˫Ŀն񣬵ȴڷһ
ֻڷȴ¶Ūʽ񣬽ͼеѪǹȡ棬ͻȻ߳һţͼ߷ײϡ
һŲûȡ߸ͼͼѪ磬ɫ԰ֽҲǻˡ
񣬿ڷֿڷеѪǹֳǱߣȻôá
ԣǺԵռϷ磡
øͼԭ΢΢һѵˣܴӮ˹
ֻһȭ˺˹֮߿˹
ԭǿͼѪȻ֪ǰ˳񣬵ʵһǿֲǰǰλѵǡ
ͼôһ˵ڷͺ˹ųĿ⣬Щ˼ˡ
ûҾİаֱۡԲĳϵ
زҲûҪˡ
㣡ڷе㲻ţ֮ǰΪֻһϰظ֣ʵаôǿǽܺͺ˹ǵ͹а۰
ڷͺ˹Ȼȣǵ̬ûбֳܼɵӡ
Ϊˣ
ûõģǻаҲûáͼڷͺ˹վһеޱȵľ
İ⼸ǰʮĸ֣ǺڷĶ֣һˣôͺڷ˹˴򣿿ϧᣬҪˣǶ޷ΪԼûعϵΪʲôôƽ
ͼԽ˵ԽǼŭ³һѪ˱һϢ
ͼĻĬȻ
ڷղŵı֣Ѿˡ
ڷͺ˹ͬʱ֣ȷʵʤ͵ӽ㡣
ߴһΣܿһζӮˡ
ڣѾûκܵĻᡣ
Ψս




1598¡ҹ
 

ڷͺ˹ǰһͳγ֮ơ
ˣ֣Եѹȵú˹һ¶ѡ
ּսûвʸ
˹ܵΪϣ˰ǰλû˭ֵܹסڷ˺ͺ˹Χˡ
Ƕͷ缶һ˻Ҫ𣿡仰Ǽ
˹ͺڷֵİԸսôһսʤĻʹ˺ܶࡣ
ֻϧֶܼ
ڷЦаۣǲǻĵһף˹ʱ䣬һɱ㣬ȷ
Ǿɣ
һ䣬ȫӿȣ˿裬۹ĵͬݶ
ڷͺ˹Ȼ䱬ޱǿҵ۵ļɵ
ĻǻûӮù
֣Ǿʹһˡ
ʵĸ֣һֻһߵ
û˭˵һ仰˹һȥָųצץźɫ
֮ʴ
һУڴ򶷹Уɵ˵ﵽѸĵ˵Ŀġ
ֻǸղųϰУ޷ð֮ʴ߳
ú˹Ϊ𾪵ĵط
Ϊİ֮ʴ֮ǰκε˶Բˬûһֵߵġ
ʵ̫ˣ˹ǳġ
ۼ˹ٶʩչֹȭ֮ϣһȭϹЮ棬ȸղŻҪҫۣ
Ϊ֣˹ĹȻ̺ǿͼȡ
ղŵĽ֣һߵĸо
ͨȻױȡ
һΣ⽫߰˳һֻȭͷϣ˹Ĺǲܵģ
һϣɫͰɫײҵıͶĿǿ⣡
ӺɫֵϿտȥֺᷢװϣڰ׷һƬ׹⣬˹ǱһƬڹ⡣
һǶƴռϷ磡
˹ķ֣İ֮ʴǵû߳ɫһȭˣ
Ҳ˵ղŲûʹȫС
ⲻܣҵİ֮ʴû˭ƣ˹š
ܹƵ˰֮ʴҲζսʤˡ
ڣһˡ
ոպ˺˹һ˲䣬˹Ƭڹ֮УһɫӰڿ
ʲôϸâת͸ͫȫǿǸӰ
ΨһܹȷǣӰǺڷĳһֱ

ûһѵ
ںڰ֮ʴ֮󱬷ĺڹ֮Уںçسҹɫеһѵ
ѵü죬һϢ֮䣬ն˳ǰ
ͫѸһ㣬Ӧֻ˫һϣոպðסΪɫӰ浶
ţ
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Ȼܿõҵҹ
ڷ˵֮䣬鵶ˣֻо˫ۡ
ѵܲ򵥣
аۣҵҹɽ۵嵶˵ɽϣ·ٺʱиһԺɫ죬ѱΣһҹڰ֮Уɽ۱ȡΪҹֻǣɽ󲢲ʹãֱ޹ŷѵֵ
ҺܺǣҺͺ˹϶ѵΪʲôȴü
ûлӦڷĻ
üҹȻΪӵ͸ͫǿ͸ҲֻܿҹӰ
ɽΪʲô޷ʹҹΪѵķ
ҲзƷģҹƷҲǳ͸ͫҹȫòԭ
ڷȻóһƷԵУóоӼˡ
ΨһֵҵǣڷӦ÷Ӳѱȫܡ
ڷаۿ»ʵҲˣɵ˹Գʵ̫ɵˣκδϢʱ䡣
֣ٴγΧ
֮ʴ˹˫ʮָ۳źɫ
ֻʩչȫźɫȥ׵У
ڷӶҹÿһǿٵ֮ƣ
ûκλɵļɣǴͺ˹Դѹ
ֻоһϣΧĿ·ˡ
ؼ䣬׵£߿裬˸ҫҹк˹ͺڷħףԼǰҹĵӰ
䣡
ٴ˹İ֮ʴƴһǣȻڷն
һ£ó˼ľ




1599¡ϱ
 

Ȼ˹ͺڷĹƣһ͹һ
غϣ͵ʱ̣
ڷҹǲӲӵġ
ҪܵƸף˿òκμɣò齣ֻܵƾ˫ȭ˹İ֮ʴһ¶ƴ
аۣ໹ܳʱ䡣
˹ͺڷѵɽˮĵز˵΢ɡ
ٹӣⳡսҪˡ
òƴȫĬϣͬŪһ㽫
аۣôᣬȴҺͺڷ֮гסӣʵʸ֪ҵݡ
˹һʩչ֮ʴһ˹˵
ֻûۿ˹֪˭һзȵŷ޹塣
ÿֵһΰ֮ʴһҹնϱ԰һ֡
о˹ԽԽǿˡ
ΪԼԽԽٵԵʡ
ţ˹ʲôˣһа֮ʴ¾֣ᱻ
ҵİ֮ʴǲǺܺ棿
ʵһУǰڶҲҵ˽̸ҵģ
˹仰ɵɴ۾Ǿ졣
˹ôǿֻǰڶ£
֮ǰ¼ʰ
ڶƺšħ֮ӣDamien꣬ϲꡣ
һƺֻһ֣God꣬ϲꡣ
ôû뵽˹Ȼǡħ֮ӡ£
ôܳԾɣ˹ı飬һЦ
ڷҲЦ
ˣʵЦ֪
аۣ̫ˣΪԼϰܺͰһGodڶĶħ֮Ӳ𣿡˹˵аۣҺ㻹кڷֻǽ۷ѣҵ˺Godȴڶǰͻ༫ޣ
࣬СҪͻƣֻ˵ĵ··ȫĶֶԹô꣬ȴֻҵ˺God߳ɹ
ϧаۣҪˣҵ˻Godһλΰ߶ĤݣǵĴڣԶԶһ֪󣡡
ҺҳΪħ֮ӵʹͽδԽҲ˵
˹˵ⷬſĴЦ
ˣ͸ȥɣ
Ȼ䣬˹ɱŷ֮ʴת˼£
ɫƬװ֮ϣס
ͬʱڷҹնһεƣȸղκһҪң
һƬӰһУĤܿһȫŤˣ
аۣһ㲻ڷ仰ȵš
ʵϣڷͺ˹ж϶ûд
ȷʵ㲻ˡ
ֻǵУܵס߶㿪
ƫƫˣǺͬһģֻǸսѷһ
˺ϻ֮ʴҹƣȫλס
޷֮Уһ˵
иߵʿܿƿеסб͵ʿ
ڳģƵ
ڷͺ˹һ޷Ųˣ
ۼڷĵƣҪնĲͷ­˹İ֮ʴ˫ȭ޷ҹһ̣飬ȴޱȵƽ
ûã־ûãһǰûõġ
ת֮䣬̷ȷӦ֮
ţȭϳҵʧˣסȫҲʧˡ
Щȫȭ֮ϣ
ǳûһȭҹҲû˹˫ְ֮ʴƴ
µٶȣ˹ظ
ͬʱֱһСĻȣҹն֮ʱס˵У
һУȫڵʯ֮ɣ
˹ͺڷȳУٶȱÿһߣʩչԺ˲εӦ֮
ҲԲʽܾ˵ķ
䣡
ȭ˹˫ƣӡڶԷظ֮ϡ
ϣ
ڷҹնгۣ֮
˹ɲǼȫ󵹷ɳȥӡڳϵİ֮ʴ֮ɢ
Ȼܵ˹һȫ֮ʴӰ죬ظλܵˡ
ȣͲʲôˣ
սУڶܺ˹ǰƷҹ
Ϊ֪ԼñȸҪǿӲסҹ
˺ڷڱصáƴȫһնڳϣ΢ͣһ˲䣬ͽ۴ӹؽڴնϣ
һ֮ǰҪ˶磬ľ죬˼װĽ԰
һͿֲ׵ҫ֮£һ۰ɵ˰֮С
˾㤺˵һĻŵý԰һڣٴλȥ
ϱˣ




1600¡
 

׶ĵľʹпѸٴ䵽񾭡
ƺһȻûκα仯ֻǽסԼĶϱ۷ȥ
ڷҹնۣȫ֮С
ϱ۵ĴۣҲȡҪĽ
˹һȭɣشһ¾ʧȥս˳ʧȥȫֵõġ
ֻҪԺڷһˡ
ϱ֮üͷûһ£ǿ˹ڷһ
ٿһߣֻ˹ˤڼװ壬Ѫһ֪ûս֮ˡ
Ǻڷҡ
ʧȥһֱۣô
˹ҲģֻҪûһȭʵʲô
Ȼ֡ɿ˱߹սĸͼľٶ¶ޱ𾪵ɫ
ֻһŵĶϱۣӻرڷҹնϵпڴ
ֻпڴѪ⣬ۿɼٶȷ䶯ƤѸϣʱ䣬ϱ۾ͱˣ
˻˹ͺڷԼͬһ
аۣδ̫죡
ϱؽֶΣ
ʵԹžƵҽѧֶΣ绪٢Ҫܲʹ磬ֻҪпԴ֮ٷϾС
ָжؽӵҲܳ
ͷҽѧ漣Ѿ˳ɹ
ǵаҽˣһҽǰ󣬶Լ幹ָƣ֪ÿһ缡⡢ÿһǡÿһѪܸ
⻹ɶϱ֮١
ڷͺ˹ΪǿߣҪϱֶΣҪǸ˵ޱǿ
ǿпԼǿаҽУ˶ϱۡ
ǿߣԦѪù
ֻǣ֮٣Ҳ˳
۵Ѫֹͣ䶯֮ɫԵøӲ԰ˣ΢ڴڵĴ˻㱡
̬仯ԭ쳣𾪵ĺ˹ͺڷ֪ٶǿ֮ĩ
аۣ㰮ϧԼɶϱ񼣣ȴΪ޴ΪڷеʧˣתЦһֱۣһս֮϶ϱۣģȻףҵսãֻҪһȡղŲϧϱҲҪ˺˹ľϣǺ壿
ڳĴûлӦڷĻ
ʵϣڷ˵ȷʵе
ϱۺĵһӦΪԼаҽɶϱҲȷʵˡ
һٶ˳ڵڵڷ˵͸֧ıԵֵҹһն
ڷɱ֮󣬻ܾκ˹Ҳζһս׵ˡ
ǳûз
ǼˣϻһǾ齣
źڷΪսʱȡ齣С
ľ֮ЧټΪ˻ڣܿ죬ЩתΪ
һ齣ʱʧȥҲս
ֻǣ֪Լֳҹĺڷֻʤ㡣
ڷע⵽ƺָһЩܣɲóһˣӶҹͬʱθƶڼװӹһӰնȥ
ȥڷ˵ĺ˹һԹս
ԭûʸּսԼ״̬µĳ˳ֵĻᣡ
ɲܱǸ֣ǰҹ֮ϡ
ֻһΣҹնȴ㲻ڷһȭ
صһȭɳȥúײһ
һ³ٶ̫ˣֶܲоԼһиеĻײϣȫͷѣ˲
˹жûбڷһȭˡ
ߣʲôãڷһն
¡¡
꣡
ڳʱʧȥ齣ӲһʱϷ֮УͻȻһޱȴִ׵磡
ڳͺڷ֮ļװϣ
׵֮ħףǳǺڷ׵Կ
˼ܿ
һ׵磬ǰ˺ڷ־ڱصõһն
ô£оԼƤֲǿҵĴʹС
ڤڤ֮һָоϵⳡƷ籩ȥֻȴѰı꣬ʵǳģ
Ϊʲô׵磬ɫ£Ҹղһ
ѵҪ׽ˣ
ԺͻȻð뷨
ܿҡͷ񶨡
Ͼֻڴɵʿôô׽٣
ڷҲоϵ׵ܲԾ
ղϵƷΧûиǵҾ֣ڣƬȴ֪ƶǵͷϡ




1601¡
 

ֻǣڷΪϵ׵ǴȻܣϲ˿ƿ׵硣
ڷɱаۣ׵粻ԾǱ뾡뿪ƷΧ˹ԼĸӦܴ
ĳطԶ֮⣬ԼˡҲǰڶġħ֮ӡͨ
˵ķ˳ǧܱ׵У򽫻֮ء
ʵͨ˲СıУҲܻû£һѾС
ڷͺ˹ͨˣҪӲһ׵磬ûġ
ħ֮ӡΪӲ׵磬Ǿ;Բͨ׵磡
꣡
¡¡
˹Ժڷѣ֮û
һ⣬мװ塣
ڷĹƣɵΪ֮һ͡
ֻҪһͿɱ˳
ƫƫȴ׵
ԽԽԾˣ
ȴǾеЦ
޾֮·ͷүȻˣ
аۣ׵ǲĹڷһ˵һֳҹ
ЦҪܿϵ׵磬õŷô󾢸Ǵ
ߣ㡱
ڷճڣͷը
ã
һ˲֮䣬ڷֻоͷƤ飬ȫƤʹмǿҡ
֪ԼԶ㲻׵磬ֻӲ
¡¡¡
ڷٵͷһڵ裬ȻúڷޱȾһĻ
ɽ۴ӰٺеõѾȻ׵֮ڻˣ
Ƕ㵽һȥĳĵɴ۾
ǰҹնֱ۵ƷȻ׵ڻ
ʲô׵磬ֲֵز
ҹֵס׵磬˲ĺڷ˵

λһľǿߣ˵ĲҽУҹһ׵
˹ĿŵһĻ֪Ŵ͡
ǾֺЦ棬ԭҪڷնɱˣ˭뵽ϵ׵磬Ȼһ
׵ڷ֮ϵԼٶɢܿͱñ̿
ó˺üŷӦ
ˣ
ͬʱԶڻĽϼҵļ˫ָ΢΢ʰϵһݣȻ̾һ
ոЩݣʱڳõֶΣһռ
ǬΪףǬΪ죬Ǭ𶯣֮֮£׽Ӧд˽١
צۺϣƣ̿ϴ
ʱĺɫֺװ壬ڷֻʣ˵ĺ˹
˹ȥ񾡣ɲ˹һ˿ᡣ
аۣ㲻ɱңǶħ֮ӵʹͽɱңħ֮ΪУ˹־ŭĽе
Ȼʲôħ֮ӣǸڶôǿô㣿
ҵˣ˯ڹϵŷ޴أ֮գڣ˹˵ţϸֿĤݵɫ
ȥɣ˵ս˺˹
ʣµģ˻ԵĽ԰ͬ˵ġѪǹͼˡ
ûɱ˼һҲǿˣڷһֻܵ
ۼߵǰͼɫƽı۾ΪԼͺ˹ͬ³
ֻϼѨλ롣
⼸룬ܵסֻ24СʱȥһǹҵȻ뿪ְɡ
аۣлл㣡ͼվԳ¶мĿ⣬Ȼһȳһյĵ¥ȥˡ
ųߵԵĽ԰ǰȥĽ԰գС﻽ѡ
ֱ۶ˣ԰һѹͼг
ܿ췢ֱ֣£ҹոƣ·ղŵһУֻһΡ
װϵʬ壬ⲢһΡ
߰ɣȥʻҴ˵ţһѽ԰
԰κģֻܵͷųߡ

һ֮ƶʡסһҷǷ뾳ĺɫ֡
ɫֵĶװϣվһʮҵŮһ滭Żɫǵĺ첼ӭڶ
ǿ
Ůǽ԰
Ķߣصų뿪ǰ˵Ļ
԰Ȼ㵱ʱѡڴϣôϵȫ㸺𽻸Ĺٷɣǽҵıûʲô⡣
ΪֲԼµĴ԰ֻܴӦ
ܿ죬ʧعţ䶯ģ
ý壬౨¡
ҾݽС㽭԰ṩĻȫǷ֯צۺս;
ս֯Ӣۣǻаۣ
ĵڣںͿ֮У
׷׸ߺаۣһģ
ϿЩֻһЦ֮
Ѿ캣ˡ
Ҿվ庣С᰼ҵıſ⡣
޾᰿ſϲޡ
û°ɣ
û£ô¡һЦ
ʵƻûָȻ᰿
Ұ㣬ǿȥɡ˵仰ʱӹһĨĽߡ




1602¡Ů
 

ɽŮܲõĽߣѵһġ
ˣҲǿ塣
е棬Ϊʲô¶һ˿飬ѵʲôйصϲ
һ߽ұɳϣһһŮʮͷˡ
ᰵĸĸۺͷ赾
һ겻ɾ°ķ򸾣Ǻһμһûʲô仯
۴г㣬зȣ赾ʱеĿŮTͶţп㣬Ȼѹʮ꣬ȴúܺãȥʮ꣬зϡ
⣬ᰴ̣Ҳڿ
ۺͷ赾ʮ־ϲˣæкˣǺþò
¡
Ҳʺһ尢֮󣬾˶ɳϡ
󷽷ڳߡ
ŮĶۺͷ赾һۣİϲ
˶óһǰŮͳĹϵˡ
ǼµѲƽ˵һػػߣ˵ʧع϶һݹͣۺЦ佱
ͷ赾֪Ǵ˵еаۡ
Ҳûĸ˵ֻϣĸĵͨˣʱʱҪΪΣն¡
Ȼγûи˵μӷǷΣա
֪ܰôػģ϶췽ĸйһյĴս
΢΢һЦ׻ֻһЩӦѡ
̫ǫˡ赾һЦڵ󲿷ֻü̡ںţжģмҺͱֿη㣬Ӣۡ
лл̳ޡҲαװǫˣμӷǷʱģʵ뵱Ӣ۵ģ
ΪӺɷ˭ҵĵһӢأ
µµΪһӣδ̫Ȥˡ
ĸʢ޳ûɸоġ
ܶŮӴѻؼңòĸϿɡ
ۺͷ赾Գòˡ
ᰣ˸Ӣѣɱҵǿˡ赾һת٩Ů
һɫ΢΢һ졣
λɽˣ̫׺ˣرڸĸǰȫǸɬСŮ
ԼЦű赾˵ҲУ˵Լ۹ⲻأ
Լȥ赾һ۵⣬ʹһŤ
᰼״ɵЦ
ͬʱҲǿЩĽ
Է򸾣鶼ʮˣôֱɷˡ
ŶԲǻǸϽ˵°ɣ۱⣬ֻװġ
赾ɿ֣Ȼᰣ΢ЦҲһˣʱ̸ۼ˰ɣ˵˵ʲô뷨
ĸô˵˫ϼɫˡ
ȴǰһԭˣᰵĸĸعԭǻŮ¡
ᰶûеһʱشЦЦˣ˼˵𣿳ŮǶʮˣٲ޳ȥǶʣŮˣѵŮ𣿡
壬ҵȻ롣ֱ˵Ļشᰲĵͷȥ
˵Ĵ𰸡
˿̣Ľϲޣ·һٿ۽弫ˡ
ٴЦҺͱᰵĿУŮԸͱ߽ãǶܸˣ
ᰣӦҲûɣʱ赾ڣͷߵŮ
ŵһҡûУ
Ǿͺã۴Ц
ԼŮʵ̫ɰˣ˪ҵŮʣǰȴǸ׺ߵС
ȻǶû⣬Ǿѡӡ
۵Ļû˵ֻ꣬ͻȻ
˼ҽӸ绰
绰ɲҲӣΪطѩġ
ֻطѩֻд䣺ǲѾ캣ˣûпգǼͣҺҰ裬үүҪҪ˵Ŷ
ƽʱطѩ΢ϵ
Գһ캣Уطѩ֪ˡ
ֻ绰طѩƺеСš
£ᰵĸĸջԼ϶Ҫһ£ǹȥˡ
Ҳܾطѩطѩġ
ôˣǲǲ㣿ûյĻҸ˵һ£пٹҲǿԵŶطѩƽ⣬ûеһʱӦͲµûˡ
СΪ룬شɣȥǼ㡣




1603¡Ů̫ķ
 

õģǾ˵ˡطѩóǳġ
˻˵ݰݺ󣬱ͨ
ֻۼ˵Һͱᰵ裬λڻһʱ䣬Դʱѡգͱᰡ
˵һ룬ֻٴ
һΣеˡ
Ͼᰵĸĸں£ȴһٽӵ绰ľٶе㲻ò
ƫƫڶ绰Ҳܲӡ
ãѡ˺ʱҴ绰һЦۺͷ赾΢Цעӣǻһ
۽⣬ʾԭƳδġ
Ҳ⣬ΪʲôҪڹؼʱ̽ˡ
˵캣ˣæ껤Ʒ˾飬Ϣ죬Ұ˵ҵѣûпչ
Ȼ˼롣
ôƳεĸĸҲɲɵҪ
㰡ʲô̷֪عˣһ㣬ڱҰò˵ҲûհɣƳеĿ˵
΢ǸȷʵûգҪɣ
죿Ұ˵ϣܿ㣬ҪǾҪҴţˣû𣿡
ò˵Ƴܴ뵽Сӵ֮е㲻þܾˡ
ȴӦطѩҪӦƳεĻҲҪطʱе
˼󣬳ѸϣǾϰɡ
࣬ݰݡƳθ˵ĹҶ˵绰
ֻŻؿУǧ绰ˣڿں̸ۼ޵Ҫڵ㰡
ʱ赾ĵ٩⼸еæջ캣Уг̾𣿡
ȷʵеСæ˼ĻӦ϶ű᰺尢̡
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塢̣ܱǸٽӸ绰ֻܶ۷Ǹ
ۺͷ赾΢΢һЦӰɣùǡ
ֻǷĶ룬ʲôҪ飬ó绰һ绰ƺǵıֶŮƳδģ
ۼߵſڽӵ绰赾ѹŮʵᰣ֪æʲô𣿸ղƳδ̸飿
ۺͷ赾Ӳϼֻ֪ƳιͬзһֻƷƳλһһƷ˾
ΪƳδ绰˵ǹ˾顣
Ӧǰɡûи϶Ļش
øĸ֪ʵǵıֶŮҲϳҺͳ֪ٴγˣ֪ǻô룿
һ̣ǾܰѳƳεĹϵ˵ĸ֪ġ
ش֮󣬿ſڵĳ
ĵͨ绰ղҲʾ
λһĵĴǷhġ
ֻںͷhʲô
h绰ңʲô𣿡Ϊʵ
ƽʱûʲôҪµĻͷh΢ģż΢ͨ
û¾Ͳܴ˼˲𣿡hһھǳкġ
ܶԶ˵húܳҲᵱhķ˿
ɼhĸжôˣǹò
ЦЦȻԴңֻҪ㿪ľͺá
ʵȷʵhڵ绰ͷƤ࣬ճרۻˣһ£Ҷ˻Ʊͻص캣м㣡
ٴηƳͨʱľ
Цõʵhĸĸòһɣ
ûаһ˻ôôʣhСԴ˭飬Ϊһʣܿ뵽ܶණ
֪hԽתü죬Ͻεûʲôȷ캣ǰɣ
ԣ峿ķɻ͵ˣܹӻ𣿡hڴԼ˵˼
һĿЦܲ
ãȥ캣л㡣
Ұ㣬ݰݣhͳͨ绰˵ڻױľ˶ޱֱҡͷ
ұֻһ
˵һСս
ҪȺȥطѩҡƳμңҪh;һͷ
ܶ˶ĽôòĺաŮѡ
ֻгԼõԭŮ̫࣬ʱҲһַա




1604¡Ӳĵ绰
 

û߻ɳǱߣֻˡ
ʾûκβ绰Ҳǲòӡ
飬ǲ㸸ĸҪңʵ
ֵȦˣ˼ڵ绰Ӧǰʦعˣ˵㣬춼ԣʱҸʦһ㡣
ŶҲ캣ǰɣɣѵĺҪһ
Ρ£Ӧòֵûգܲܺ죿
ҲԣʦҲס庣ܽʱܼ档˵ʵȴԼС˼
Ϊʦع˵Ҫף
Ρ˵ȻǷǳ˵ģ
ֻڸ鷽汣Բûڵ绰ͳ˵
õģǺ
ͨ绰ԽתŻλû绰
ӣӦûʲôر
Ȼ᰻캣Уۿ϶ҲǸģֻǿΪ˱ӣûסᰵļ
Ȼ٣˫̥Ůˡ
ٵĸ֯ˣ֪֯˿϶аŮ޸˼ҷǳԡ
ȻڹѧԺŮʦᣬٳԡ֪ػյȥĳ
ڽϵһŮ˫֪СûǷ˼
ŮգҲͲڿǷΧ֮ڡ
ôһ룬Ȼֻ
ɳϣ᰺ĸĸųеˡ
Ȼڶʱӵôͨ绰ôɵ£
ÿһ绰òӡ
绰ġ
磬ڱ᰽Ұɣ𣿡
ɣôˣ£ڶ庣һűΪΪپļˡ
е㲻Ȼ˵ûûʲô£ֻǳĻҺپ׼͡
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Ļõ绰ͷЩʧ䡣
Ϊͨ绰֯ġ
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ŮܺͳҸ
֪֯Ů绰ģͨ껰󣬺Ľͨ绰
ʾʵе⡣
Ȼǹġ
¡ʦ˼绰ˡһᡢԼɬ
һֻҪ۾õһλֽɡڽУˮһŮӡ
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ŶɬʵҡҵļھͿˣҪعѧԺ飬֪ܲܺͳʦ棿
ΪѧԺְʦٺܳ
ϵ죬Ź绰
Ĳ̾һ
Ϊ
λˮһŮʦ뿪ѧԺ󣬷ԽԽˡ
֪ԼܾĻ϶˵ġ
ðɣʦҵ绰վպ͹һ档
ллллʦʱеˡ
ùһƷŮ˱΢ģҲֻгõ
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Ӧû˰ɣҶϵ绰һ
˴Ҳˡ
߻ɳ£ٴθԼĸĸǸ⡣
չҵ治ٰʦʶˡ۸ղԼԼһ䡰ʦЦŵ٩һ䡣
ڨЦЦˣǸղ˵Ķǲ˵Ҫգ
ûҺ赾Ҹʦѡգͱᰶ飬Σ꣬ĿĿų
ų϶ûκ⡣
Ҳȷʵش𣺡壬ҺͱᰶǵģһҪҰ˵һ
ȻҪģ´ʹɩ֪ͱᰶ飬϶ܸˣ˵Ǻ׼һûأͻȻԼ̫ˣŮͳˣȻûͳĸĸ档
赾Ҳе㲻˼Ц⼸ӳɣһԸһ»¡
ҪͷȴͻȻڵȵȣ
ᰣôˣ
ۺͷ赾֣Ůе㲻Ծûиղôˡ
Ҿûȱѳİӳɣ£һͳ濼һ¡ͻȻ侲ǡ
۷ȫ⡣
˵Ů˵ñµ컹졣
ԼŮ仯δе˰ɣ
ʲôÿǵģͳã鲻˳𣿰°꣬ԺҲò޲ȥʣŮˡۿŮʵ




1605¡ˣȫˣ
 

˵ģڡ
֮ǰȷʵܵģ֢ԸյŮⱲӶѼ޳ȥ
ȴ˳Ů
ˣȻǰͲŮͳ̳ɻ顣
ͻȻ䣬ַ̬仯ˡ
֡裬֪ǵ⣬ȱżҺúÿһ¡᰻ղһ˵
ͻȻ뵽ѵΪԼ˶绰ᰲˣ
ղ۽⿴ֻʾ֪ġ
˵ôմ绰˲Ųˡ
ᰣôַˣ۶ŮǳˣתǸ˵úúõģָı⣬ɱΪ붩鰡
壬ûϵģñٿһ°ɣ²ᰲȶĸоһҲС
ֻϣܿġ޹ǵĺ顣
죬᰼緹۷赾һ죬ĵʱ򣬳ֽӵһ绰ٴģزȥ
ٽ绰϶زȥԷô򵥣˵֯Ůĵ绰
룬Ǿȥһű
壬̣ҾͲԷˣᰶһ˿ռ俼Ƕ顣ȥһԭ򣬾ǿǵᰵ
ۺͷ赾һ£ִҪߣֻܰͳȥ
߳󣬷赾һŮʵᰣ㵽ôģ
֣裬Լ뷨ǾͲҪˣ֮һһ𸴡˵ţվ¥ȥ
ۺͷ赾һۣҡҡͷ
ΪᰵĸĸȴȫŮ⡣

صһűһžͿ˫̥ŮСϲɫ
磡
춼˵绰ңǲ֯ģٵԴЦʵ
΢΢ߵĻشһ¾ˣ
ʱ֯˴ӳ˳
صظǶ孵ɫˣ㳢ҵհɡ
ǺǣŮ绰˵ģʾʲôҺ֪ɲ֯ӣֱӿżɽʵ
֯һЦһ
ˬˣǶ孵ĺĻöˣȻʣҾֱ˵ˣֻܴҸ
֯˵һʱ䲻֪λӦ
ǽߵĵͷȥָŪ黨ȹڣȴβǵĽš
ǲǾãҵŮ䲻֯Ҳʼˣ³ܾ
ǡ
ڵٶܺãҲǶŮ񡣡
ڹʲôأȻʵеһһƶȣҲҪ֤֯˼׷ʵ
ԼǷŮ̫࣬˶Ů·ǳӣҲż
ʵĹǣһֱٵÿ
ĺ˫̥û飬ܸоֵֹġ
˵
֯ˣܲµ飬һ㶼ãȳɡ˵ţȥ
ͻȻ֣ҪعҲô򵥵ġ
һ캣УҪδµ⡣
һҲãԼϲĽˡ
գĸͷ
뵽ᰣ뵽ôͨ绰ٿ߽٣һʱоеҡ
Ҳѹ᰻˵ٿһ£֪᰿϶ϣ˶ʱľĻǲᶨġ
ҲΪᰶ԰ͻڴ
ͺ󣬳ʱȲ붩ˡ
ǿΰгΪ
ϣҪȥƳμһطѩңҲȥӷhԼϼ档
ȥ˷h֮ôţȽ鷳
ϸ˼һƻѷhӵһűͣһᣬԼȥطѩңطѩ˶ˣԷҲС
Ƴεĸĸǵһʽ棬ǱԵġ
󣬳Ҹɻһűһг̾ûʲôͻˡ
˵ʲô⣬ܾ᰿Ǻۺͷ赾ٽȥ
ķĻҲֻӦ䡣
ƻᷢȥһ΢ţԼϾŵ棬Ȼжɹһҹ
ڶһ磬ϴ֮󣬾Ҫš
մ򿪱ţһ´סˡ
ӡеٻӰȻĳˡǷh
hЦӯӯĵϲⲻ⣿
һ̣ȫ֪˵ʲôá
hǰ캣УȻܾϲҲ⣡
ƶõļƻΪhĳ֣ȫôˣ




1606¡ѧ˹֯
 

hôô絽˵ȥ𣿡Ȼ˵
Էhıѩһ¾Ϳˣƺе㲻Ծ
Ϊ̫˰ԸĶ˸ĺ࣬Ϊ˸һϲh˵ţԹ֮ɫӣǺܾϲ
е£ǰô絽ҵȻܾϲܿġôķɻ϶ˣȽ˵ɡ˵ţŷhߡ
ͬʱĿţȻƻϲϱ仯Ҫúһ¸Ӧˡ
hôģǰ캣ȻܰѷhڱԼȥҹᡣ
ҪĻֻܷŹˡ
ǲȥᣬǹ˹öİ
뵽ϵЦ⣬е͡
hķ˳ϸ΢仯
ǲʲô£Ը˵ҿŮѣѵܺһ𣿡
hסĸ첲óӾãԲСһˡ
hûʲô¡
ң˵û£㲻֪ѵʱϾдŴ𣿡h˵ţ޳ָڳͷһƭСŶ
εЦЦҪ˵ʲôȴϲɫӭ
h㣬ôǰˣ˵絽ڻû׼ء
hԾɫ˫̥ãҲǷǳˣ٣þòνܼɰã̫ˣ
˵껰h߹ȥסٵһֻ֣ŮӶЦ
ΪȴΪ
Ϊ֪ϳţҪġ
ڷhȥˡ
ʱ֯˴¥ղžͷֳ˸ƯĴŮ
ŮӵϺϲֹһΣ֪ǷһĵŮִǷh
۲ŻŮ϶ǱȲˡ
ò١Ǳȷhһ㡣
ôһ㣬֯Ǿر
ϾŮȻǸ߲ܻ̳ƻòġ
ȲhĻǾûκˡ
ȻΪhΪǣԴǿ
ֻʮꡢ϶٣ȫ֮ȡ
hһ̣֯Ĳ˼ΣС
ѷhҲȢŵţԺŮҪѹһˡ
ٿٺͷhа̸Ц֯˲ɰҡͷ룺ɵŮ֪ŮľǹǺͳŮڣȽ˻飬ǲǹϷĿʼ
֮֯󣬿˺ܶ๬磬ѾԤ뵽Ļʲôˡ
ۿĸ߹ȥɳ£֯Ҳ˹ȥͷhʶһ¡
ٵ裿ƯҿԺ֯𣿡h֯ˣ΢
ʵϣ֯ȷʵᣬñᰵ跽赾á
Ͼ֯˶ˣȻţȻ֮
hĿ佱ֻ֯΢΢һЦֿ佱·ڹϷ￴öˡ
˵Ҫ֯㣬ĻŮƽ޹ʵһ
ԼҪΪŮģܱŮԻס΢һ뿪ڵhС㣬ƺ֯˾ˣҼǵƽʱھǱ߹ɣȥѧҪչء
Ȼû⡣hôһ֪֯˻л
֯˵ʱ򰵲ػ棬ϾȦȾףƽʱ̫̫๴Ķǵ顣
캣УһԼﻹʲôŮ֮Ļ
֯˻ΪhԼĻסˣΪ仰˼ʵ˵ֻźɲźˡ
ֱֻ˵Ծͷ˵ϣhչŮ
ĻȥǣhûʱǣԺ飬һ𣬷hҲ˼Ҫź
һ򵥿׵Ļôණ֯˲ɵԼĹɣԼѧЩϷѾѧ¯ࡣ
һ뵽Ůѣ϶ǶʮŮ֯˸ţЩŮôḻ
ʱ˿̣֯˾ûĹ̫ˣԼ࿴Լ˻̫Ľɫ
֪֯Ϸô࣬˿ǽϵӱʱѾȥһӣٲȥᣬҪŮʦˡ




1607¡Ҫѧˣ
 

hо֯˻˼˫ۣٷ֮ʮŵעİϡ
˳һӱͷˡ
ǲԼ˼棿
Լˣֻû뵽ǰˣĻһ㣬ҸǸ˵һȡɡ˾
hóһͺܲȡӡ
ӦһκҪļ档
뵽ԸΪһμ棬hȻǺܿĵģ˵İڷǳҪλá
hҲϣΪѣֻҪرش飬ѡǨͳ
ȥԼɣ˸ӿɲá
hô˵΢΢죺ôУôķɻר̴ӾǷɹңҲܰҵı
һ仰ͰѷhĴǹƵģһһ˵黰ɰһȥԼɣȫ𣿡

һʱ
ҪȥģһλŮhһȥʱĳɲȫǼΡ
ȻhҲСŮӣԼѺһŮ棬κһŮӶԴ׵ġ
ôˣҸһȥ𣿡hĿų
ƺ뵽ʲôиֻȻɫ
߰ɣٲȥͳٵˡhͻȻסĸ첲ȥȻ˵֪ҪʲôˣҲģͷĵĴȥɡ
еȻĿŷhֻhգ޳Ө۽ë˫˵Ĵ۾·˵˼ʵҶ
ǣֻ¶һĨЦɷh߳ȥ
Ŀͳͷh뿪ۡ
ɵŮ֪Ľˣûڳ֯˿ʼ˵ôôڸ鷽ôأǰɣ°һ˵ģҪhճųֻƽ⣬óᷳǿҪúѧһѧԺhǵľ֡
裬hĺ㣬ҳôǿ϶ȲģֻҪⱲǴڳ߷ͺˡȻ˵һġ
֯ҡҡͷ̳һûдǧԼȳŮ˵λͣλֶǿԼȡģѾǷǺܶˣҲٿ°뱲Լļͥ棬λô͡
裬ϴСѵŮǣܶණѾĲˡЩ˵
Ȼɺ˫̥ûǲûǹӵͯ
˵ٵЩģȱĸĸֵ֮ܽҲûĹġ
ĳ֣ǸܵůҲΪʲôĸԸѳˣҳ˵˼룬Ѿǵ֮УѧҲѸı˼롣
ͺִᣬܶѧ˶ʿʿ߲ǻŷڽһⲢ˵Щ˾ġ
֯Ůô˵̾˿ȻŮӻǰ
ٻûһ࿴ĵĹɡ

źڰʿܣͷhļص㣬һľĿȵꡣ
⣬hǴñīͺɫֵģԷЩķ˿ϳ
ҿȵⲻզΣһȥûʲôˡ
Ƿhĵİòװȫȡ
ɨһۣĽһٻӰǹᡣ
һֱ˫ַڴĵˣ֪ܽţʱʱſ
һ˲䣬ἤϲšԹ˼ȵһԵӿ
ǳǸʹյŮӣȴùһиձһΪ˵Ķȡ
ǾǳʦŮ𣿺ƯǸСǷh
ʦŮѾȻǴǣŮң˵
ûȳ߹৵һᣬ̫ˡ
û뵽ɹԼȴ
ỹǸϽᣬװûһ
ʦˡȻע⵽˹ĶбǸȴұֳùΡ
˼ϸķh˵̬˲һС
λŮѡ
λҵŮѡ
͹ͬʱڣȴͬʱͣ
һʷhݣһܷhһ˵ˡ
h̲סһЦȻͻȻԳĺ˼ҹʦˣ
һڣʮϬֱ˵ղ͵͵顣
һ˲䣬˼ȵΡ
͹һסˡ
ȻhҪЧ




1608¡ŮˣǶħ
 

˵hԸ񣬿ǳڶֱֱġ
ϲŤŤʲô¶̯˵
һڣó͹ֱıʡ
ֻǳ룬ôͳɸĺˣ
hһᣬΪ˺͹̯ƣ뵢ù
hƺʲô
һ뷨
оhͳһ϶ǳûʦˡ
ȻԼ֪ŮѣΣԼŮѵ˳ǲԵģֻԼܶˡܲҪ
硢С㣬ԲҲ֪ǳŮѣ㲻ҪˣҵĴ飡
˵˵ţôֹס
밲ο䣬ȴֿhһӣֻܽԭء
͵Ŀȵϰ壬ڹ̨Ǳ߿һĻɷһпŮˣǶħ

hͻȻ̾һǱΪ˰
hʵҴ͹ʦ棬롱
ͣhȴ̴ĻУұ졣
ǱĺֱУʱʮţhô˻ҩƵģһը
ѵıͷˣ
ֻǷh޵øˡ
ͲһΣԸȴhǿѹһ仰Ҳ˵
hųĬĳͻȻҡҡͷǣˡ
h治Цá
͸ұɣķǣٸƯӱԵȥˣh˫ֲԳȻùʦݽΪʲôҪ̯ƣⲻʼ𣿹ʦ㲻ҪģվһߵģԺǽá

ˣҲˡ
h⻰˼ʦǡ
ϣܹ᣿
ʲôȻϲһ𰡣һŮѣһࡣ
h˵˵
Ȧ￴ЩӣŮѱȳ಻֪ٸأǳһ򱶣Թʦ㲻Ҫ̫ˣҪ㣬ҰҪ
ҡ㡭ᱻhⷬöˡ
ζڵ崿ɰĴǷh˽ԸȻô뺷
Ů鰮˼ϣǳľף
ȻܽܳжŮѣ
ɲһвŻòȦݵλǳߵŮˣ˵Ļ
ˣ֪һʱ֮ѽ˵ģΣʦǧ¼ǿһ˼֪һҪǸ۸㣬ҾͰ۸
h˵ţ߹ȥס֣Ȼһְֻᡣ
˵һ֪ȫأʦ㳤ôƯôᣬֿ϶ܺ
ҡҽйᡣ
hƣе㲻֪Ǻá
ڻûӦ
ǣսûô
ԺӦûкͳĻᣬһ԰á
ȿȡɿڿ˵ˣʦǲ˼ʵֻµ㣬ûҪҡ
˵ʲôأȻһ˷ģǾͺúŰɣ˻ͲߵŮԽԽءh˵ţӵĿ˳һۡ
ֻ¶εı顣
ŮΧƣȻÿ˵롣
ֻŮˣҲ֮
ôĹҪͱ˹һˣ붼õ˼ҡ
hȫģҲˣù϶ǽܲ˵ġ
ΪһֺܴͳŮӡ
ŷh͹죬΢ţ룬hС治ѹʦӽ˰ɣ
ͺ۹մΪ˰ʵֺ󹬼ƻ
OK΢żӺˣᣬԺҪϵŶٿݳᣬһһλõƱhŹ֣һ
ỹеɬŲ硢С㣬ллԸҵѣֻҹҪѧУˣƽʱٻ
ûϵҲٻ캣аӦƶʡڵѧУɣҪ滹ǺܷģУԺҫhͺãȻѣͲҪôˡhЦӯӯĵ
ʵ仰ŷhС˼
ΪŮˣûȵȫʶһһŮ
͹ύѣһǽܹϲʵһҲǿǵԼھǣȾ͹˾ܻͬƶʡչҵʱڣhϣעľ
һԸŮӣ϶Դס
h֮ҹųΪΣԽԽǿˡ




1609¡̯
 

ķhֻ뵱СˣڳһλþС
ҵչ죬hԸ񣬲֪һЩ仯ǰСŮȦŮǿˣС
Լз涼ãҪĶ棬ҲҪõõġ
Խģhֻڳռһλá
Ͼǳĳˣϼܲᰣ캣УطѩŮˡ
ԣhܳŮˣϣԼԳ˵Ҫġ
Զھǣ޷Ůͳĺĺദ
ϣʹ֮һ
Ȼhͳĸ鲻⣬Ůӵĸչ϶ὥֱԽͳĸ顣
ΪʲôhǿΣеԭ
õһز϶Ҫ̸ۼˡ
hҵ̫æ޷еһ
Ůȴԡ
ϼŵıɽܲᰡ
뵽ǸһŮǿ˵ܣhԤкܻܿӦ顣
ΪǺͳദʱģʱп̸ܽۼ޵Ľ׶Ρ
Ȼû˵hֻƾŮֱ뵽һ㡣
Էhλ캣УҪô򵥡
һٹԼڳĿеĵλ
hֻҪڳĿеĵλ᰸ߣǾһŮӸߡ
Ĺᣬ֪hȻôֻǾԼƺǷhΪhе㲻˼
ᣬ׺ŶҸʱ׺ߣhŹ㷢Ц˵ˣͳЩеûˣһȥɡ
ҡҾͲȥ˰ɣò׻캣УҪͳһ磬ֻһˡ
˵˵ţֿʼ
hһ̵ų˼Ҳ˼ǳȥ棬㻹ȰȰ
һθеhǺкǲǣ
̯ˣСӷҪѹӽġ
ʦܿҪȥѧԺˣͺúһ°ɣһԼ仰һڣɵЩڡ
ϣֱҪȥطѩҺƳμңôhúһ棿
ѵŮȥطѩƳμͣ
ҪطѩƳεϰõ׷ſ
ͷ۵⣬ó󲻵òϣԼȷʵͦеġ
ֻУŻͷ۵⡣
Ȱȴ쳣ϲֻ뵽ͳŮһȥ棬оܲӦ
ᣬ˵ʹӦɣҲӦǽĵİɣҾδһʫʣˣ£δԵǽ١
˻ϣֻж̶̼ʮ꣬ҪľԼĿ֣Ǽٵģʲô׹Ҳ˵۹⡣
ÿҺͳһǾֵʱ⣬ҷרһ˿׷Ҫģ
ᣬҲǣѵͳһʱ򣬲𣿡
ŷhڱʯ˫۾˸˵ɣ᲻ɵôסˡ
Ůӣʵ̫̫
ҷhⷬе𺳡
ˣ£δԵǽ١
һӲĳѾ硣
Ƿhȴˣ
ԷhҲõĿ֣
Ľ̫Ľh˼롢̫Ľhˡ
Լ˼뱣شͳҡ
ǿһλ峤ĹϵҲ޷ѧԺٴκͳꡣ
h˵ͳڹѧԺദǶʱ䣬ֵӡ
̵ѧѧȡɼҪ֡
ڣֻʱ캣УֻǺͳ뿪֪Լ϶ܲġ
ˣһ˼ֻ֮ʣ¼֮ɫ
hлл˵ЩҾ˵ĺеȻ˾ģı﷽ʽȽϺ
ͨ˾ͺãǽ͸߸˵һ죡hƣ˵ϽһǵһվҪȥ棬ȳԷֱȥ԰
ûлش
ղһֱļƻҪ˳ȥ
Ľǣû˳ˡ
Ψкͷh̹һ·
÷h֮󣬱ֵ÷ǳȣ϶Ǹh˵ļƻ
㻹ŸʲôҺ캣еʱ䣬ɶŶh˳첲һ£ĿǴߴٵ
hʵϣҪȥˡ
Լɫƽ˵
ҪȥطѩңȥƳμҡ
˵ȻҪȥŮӣһȥ˼Ҽh̲סҪһ
û뵽Ȼû˵ꡣ
ˣ죬Ҫȥүү
ᰣĸĸܻҹȥҡ
ûУhЦõʵ
ûУЩȫ̯ˡ
Ŀɿڴ뵽ԼǲǽһӣһԼȥģ




1610¡h˼
 

һʥʱˣЩŮҲˣ治ǵĸĸ㰡hǱ²ۡ
ʵǿ֪ôɫŮˡ
ҳദˣ϶ᷢչĸĽ׶Ρ
hԼҪһʱڴôԼᣬҲһͷ
hʵҲôġȻôŮӰԼòԼǻĵģһŮԸ˺
hٴαӵԼľͺãܶ˶ϲƱԼǻģֻѳɺܶ飬ָÿŮأ͸νĳ鷳ɡ
νͣhջǻǽѡ
ԼΪͻаŮˡ
ԼڳĿеĵλ
ûõġ
ϾԺӻţҵİöὥΪСˮʱŮ˱ƴģ˭óоġůˡ
ͷh˵ĶԻһԵĹһһ㶵ġ
ǳ̹ԼҪͺüŮ棬оǳˡ
ԭΪĺգ˵λѧԺ֮⣬ֻзh
ȴû뵽ĺջôࡣ
뵽һɣһͳһڳĿдﵽʲôλ
Ͼգһһ㡣
飬ò֮£ǹ֣ԺԳİͨͨʦҪǿһٱ
hòʤǷһĵĴǣһˣֲŻױȣԸֱֱҰҺޣǿĲһ㡣
Թ˵ŮѵУhʵ̫ˣѹҲġ
ҷhȫӵգ̹֮һûУҪǡ
ÿɹ˵ıhŮˡ
Ͼɹˣܶ඼᷸׷ĴʱΪӣξ񡢴ͷǳҪˡ
Լİ˻Ů飬϶ǲ֪νģտֻѡ
hĻȻܸжСȫΪ룬һԹԶûС
h뵽ķǰѺԼᶼȡˣ㡭йʦ
Уȡhķ˳ķ㲻˺ʦԹѵ˺Ů𣿡
˵Ȼ룬ĳ£˵ܲס
𣬷hֿᡣ
ᣬһɣʲôȫķʦӦúϸŶԡ
룿һȻɫֺˣʵҴСû̸ء
ʷûУ̸δϸ壿
ɣᣬ㳤ôƯû̸hһŵı顣
һ£Ҽܵúϡ
ŶˣʵҼҲһģУҺͳ̸ҰҲǿҷԣΪ˲Ӱҵ;͵ȥʱûü˵ˣһ˺þãټ滹ⲻңh˵ţһЦ
Ľˣѧʱİ飬ôãô棬ҲǷǳֻѹĵס
뵽һ㣬̲סʵhͳо̸ˣǶԱ˴˵ǳ𣿡
ûҺͳǳ
hĻشùĽҲӱ΢ˡ
ĿеĵλҪģܶһӶ޷
˵hͳָˣһ㣬ȫ˵ǿ̹ĵİ
뵽᲻΢΢ͷȥ
ᣬԲҲ˵㲻ˡhһɫ֪ˣʵǳҲûʲô˲ģ˴ѧǸ̸̸Ůô࣬һ϶ûҵҪҸ˵ҪУܿǸϼܲã᰽㡣
hİοùԺһ㡣
ȷʵûҪѳ˵ĵλôҪ
ǳֶĶ
ҪǷhڳΨһĻǳͲٺŮӽˡ
hǸıɽܲᰣ˲ָоѹɽ
ôŮѣô㣿
Ȼɵ֪Լȥг϶ܵ˵׷
ڳĺ֮УȴǺۡ
ˣǾͲùʦæˣҴ鶼ûʲô飬˵ЦЦա
h̲סԳ˸ۣ㻹˼˵ûоأǾ룬ʲô㶼ԡ




1611¡Կڷ
 

˵˵һhԣԤв
СĽ϶ᳬԽ˵˼ά롣
ȻֻhǹЦ⣺ĽȻҺᣬȥطѩƳμҰֲǵĸĸ棬ҺҲԲԲȣᣬ˵Բԣ
ҡһʱ
h飬ȻǴĲԡ
Ȳ˵׷ǹʵĹϵ£ȥ˼ҲԲǶô߳ܵ顣
ҪȥŮѵĸĸôܸһȥ
ֻҪ΢һֳ棬;ԴһƬհס
ʵ̫
hˣĴȥʱѩƳεĸĸ϶ҺʮֵĿЦá
ĺòãҲطѩƳΣû㣡hŵ˵
ɲʲôڣĺͳһȥʱȷʵô
ͻȻ䣬hһзɫ뵽һ÷ˣٳȫ񣬶⻹˵ˣʱȥطѩƳεļңҺҲװã˵ҪѰѹأûˣ
⡱һʱеȻ
hСԹӣַ
ȥŮѵĸĸãδЩ̫ˡ
ҷh͹᳤ôƯȫ˭Ůã
hҲвͨģֲϹӡһЦ
hϵ˵˵ĸã˵ĻΪأǱһҧãȶԺÿڷ磬Ҫʳò⣬Ǿ˵Լÿ
Ȼh˵Ǿ÷ǳס
һ£hǲԼǴѽһص⣬Ҷ֪̳С˵ԼǳãӦû˻Űɣ
ܲôˣΪ˰ȼҸĸ治һʶңֻҪطѩƳβ˵ʵݾУ΢Ÿһ¡
hļƻԽ˵Խ˷ܡ
ҪĿеλߵŮˣȻҪȥŮ˵ģ£һһϾܿ󹬣Ҳܿ
ȴζóֻ
h΢طѩƳΣô
ѵ˵ҪһţջҪװãطѩƳοȥ΢ţ֪ô롣
ˣhҪҵһűҰɡ
УҽǰҮ𣿡h§סĸ첲ʼ
hôһ˵ҲǣȻǻȥˡ
Ҫ̯Ƶġ
սپ
ãͳɣȥѩҡ
˵ţתȵſȥ
hỹԭأǶ֣ᣬŸһ߰
ỹûӦֻܷԱܵĸȥһŲŲͺˡ
Ҫͳhһֻ飿
ʱȥŮļԼҸطȥ
ɼ䣬h߹ס֣ĳ
ʲôÿǵģڳϣȶԺÿڷŶᣬˣ
23ôʣһãȻͲ⡣
hһЦǼװãȻǰ˭ǽ㡢˭ð22Ҿÿ
һ߿һҡͷhҼϷˡ
һҡͷˣҲ23ɣ˭һ㣿
hôһʣ㲻˼ıԼգȻȳ¡
ϲ㣬һ׽㣡Ͳܰÿסһ㡣
ʮؼҺżֲ֪͹˭˭СҪסһʲô
hԽ˵ԽǿģЦ⣺㣬ڽ˳ˣ²Ų¶ݡ
רĿװû
ĵh˰ɣʵҲϰ߽гʦĳƺ
ᣬ㲻öһôͽܵܣhԼֶܵЦˡ
Ǻߵͷĸƺ
ѽУһҲ棬Ȼ¶˿ɱҡ
h˫ֱأһܲ˵ӡ
ǰЦŮһȥͺ¶ˣǳƺ⡣
Ѿ·ҲֻӲͷƤϡ
ΪԷһǰ΢Ÿطѩȳǡ
ʮӺ󣬺ڰʿͣڹɽšؼׯ԰档
طѩׯ԰ţͷhһ³סˡ




1612¡ؼҵĻ
 

طѩĸĸүүкҪ飬Ҫͳȴû뵽Ů
һطѩʶġ
Ƿh˭ʶֻǿˣطѩһʱе㲻š
ɫЩεطѩ߹
Ȼעɴһ٣Ǿͽһж̯ưɣ
ʱԼĺǡúþһ¡ˡ
̹ǽõķʽ
С㣬áh߹󷽷ĺطѩк
򲻺˼˵ֻվڳͷhĺ档
áطѩҲǴҹ㣬ֳֵܱġ
뵽ҪһȥĸĸͱȽϲˡ
һ£λǹʦݣҾͲ˵ˣȻҺųһСӦ֪ôһ¡hЦ˵ᣬҺװãһ¡
hĻٴξطѩ
Ȼ֪h˵ʲô˼
ݣò¶ֻ֪кͳϵеʲôزѡ
ԹĿ˳һۣطѩͷ֪ˣС㣬ʦҽɡ
طѩȻûκе⡣
Ҵŷh͹ȥ
µ񣬳Ҳٹ̫࣬Ůһ߽ؼׯ԰
ؼұطѩĸذĸүүĽʯԼĽʯİţš
߳طѩ֮⣬Ů˵һ롣
ذʱе㲻ˣλǣ
ãҺᶼǳ׽ãϣҪǸһΪΪļˣҲŮѺδ׼ҡ
h󷽵Ļشذһ˿˲ȫ
ȻذһɹˣǷhǻĶŮǣذ
򣬾÷hСŮôԽԽ죿
ô֪㻹нã¡ĽʯԳЦ
ܾòүӽܸˡ
ͷhᡢطѩһɳϣȻ󿪿ڵϣ塢ְ̣Ҵ˼˹ûǰ֪ͨǣܲ˼
ò˼Ը˹ǾǰҲһˣ̸˻ءЦŸ˵衣
˵ΪһǳŮˣѾڻɣh͹ᵽǲǳá
Ͼ˿һҲ񣬳ͬĸ֮ġ
²⣬ذĽʯŸ˵ˣǶǽŽɣֻ˵
ذţҪ˵飬϶Լh͹ݡ
ѩ˵кҪҪ˵ʲô飿ֱʵ
һ¾ߣþˣh͹϶Ҫ¶ڡ
طѩô˵ӹ˵糺죬Ժˡ
飬hһĳֲ²⡣
ң¶ˡ
˵ѩʲôҪҪ˵ذЦǽһ£ͷѩ£ʲôʱԶ
ذĻһЦ
ȻµһؼҲҪŮ
΢ЦѩȥѧһЩ飬æƽְ֮һŷ޵Ĵѧʮ·ݾҪȥ÷ѩûȥŷʱ䣬Ƕ飬ô
һ˵һעh͹ı仯
hǻãʼûʲô仯ȥһ˵Ҫ顢Ϊ˵á
һ˵طѩͳһ˲䣬۵ײɸȻɫ
ϸĵע⵽ˡ
룬Ůǳãܿᡣ
ǵĻ͸ˡ
ζų̤Ϊͳҵؼ޷ܵġ
ûɣ΢Цȴش
ŴӳĻش֮Уණ
ְ̣Һͷѩᣬոձҵ£ôżɣѸٿǺ󣬻Ǿܡ
ذһ΢΢üͷѩȻձҵֲһǴӦ֪㿪һֱ˾еĻֵʮڣ㹦ͣ黹Ҫȵʲôʱ򣿡
ǰʹˣűͷѩĺˣĽʯˬʵĴЦ
طѩøˣҲϲ档
ΪûеһʱӦ
ؼֻǳʲôǡ
ѩҪȥŷ죬ҲӰ̬һɡ
ʱע⵽ƺ͵͵һ
׹ʱеŭôɹˣôأ
ǵԼŮɲԸǿƣΰסذڵ̨˵ʵ˵ǲǻŮѣԲŲǼҷѩ飿




1613¡ֶһ
 

ʵһ̾ȻǱˡ
û˵ʲôh㿪ڵְ̣µûʵҾǳŮѣȻûкͳʽһ𣬵Ҳˡ
h׵ĻذĽʯһʱ˵
˼ذſ֪ǸþúЦ㡭Ҳ֪ô˵á
壬Բ𡣡µ񣬳ҲֻĵǸ
ĽʯЦСӣ´ˣҲǲǣԹ˰Ӣۣͷ㣬ǧ𹼸ҷѩŮ
Ľʯôһ˵طѩһֻۣطѩɫе㸴ӣҲ֪û
ʱһֱĬſˣ㻹кƳһɣ̤ô죿
飬һһԲĽȸһʱ䡣ûеˡ
ȻôŮݽǾҪǸΡ
ҳΪԼ
ڼҳ棬϶ܲزҲٿǳˡ
水ĵĵ¹ʱĿɲطѩ
ĻؼҺ⡣
ذ΢ŭɫ˵Ǽ˵ԲĽýȢѷѩȢţΪϷӣҹܲţ
֣𼱣Һͳһ˵ɡطѩۼֺͳҪæڴԲ
Ů˵ذʱЦˣ㻹ұ𼱣ǹϵԼ£Ӧü㰡ѩ
Ÿĸ¶Ĺذ֮飬طѩķǳж
ҧҧվҺͳ֮飬Լɣǳȥһ¡
˵ţ߹ȥǣֻ֣߳
hһСģȻŹҲߡ
һ־磬طѩľȻȻճ
ذĸʧ⣬ҡͷ̾Ůˣˡ
¸ĸģ˭ҲϣԼŮҪŮ˹һرִᡣ
ذ򶼺ŮԸһ;ͷ

ѩܱǸ軹үүŶܲˡһ߳ͶطѩǸ
طѩ΢Цҡҡͷûϵ϶쿪ʼҾ޷ˡ
Ĺ㿴㣬ֿӺһλôƯС㣬ߡhںȡЦ
仰طѩ͹ᶼĵͷȥһΡ
طѩ͹ᣬ͵ŮȻһЩ
ûhȡЦطѩʵڶ£ϣ㲻Ҫû̴Ӧ
֪ĹǣҶ飬ǷС㡢ʦôأԻһ˳Ȼɡطѩϲʲô飬ϲˮɵĸо
hһ¾ͿطѩʲôԸ񣬼Ȼ͹һҲͳ׷
С㣬ԺҲˣͽҫhҽѩɣӽ쿪ʼǾǽáh߹طѩ¶аЦ
طѩʱhЦסˡ
˶Цݡ
ֲ˼Եô˿Ȼûԭġ
hܸʶ㡣طѩŤĺЦ
̫ˣǸϽ΢ţһƶʡݳᣬһţhٴ֮ǰԹһĳŵ
ŮһЦվһĺýá
ǿеûɵķţôhһĺվҪã̫Ծ
ȻҲܷhʲôˣҪȥƳμҡ
ǼװһУûãȥƳμңԼȥɡ˵ѩԺͫhʦһȥҵһñ棬ڼô㣿
ңҼȻʶ˫h͹ʦǾͺǶദһ°ɣȥƳΣÿҵġطѩܴȵ˵
⵹óЩ˼ˡ
ߣѩᣬԼ棬ܳһԸȥh˵ţǣסطѩ͹һֻ֣ĳȥ
ڷhֻ֣ûޣ뻹Ȱ͵庣һű
һű֯ˣֶŮϽص˵ӻ
ͬʱİ룬Ůô࣬ʵ湬ϷҪˣ
֪֯ٿӾѧ飬ڱ˼ŮһٴγţǰƳμҡ
һ˹ȥģûȥطѩʱѹ
ֻǵѳӿƳμСſʱȴӵᰵĵ绰
ѾǺˣҪһ£ڷ𣿡




1614¡Ƴһ
 

ӵᰵĵ绰ʱԥ
ȻûǿҪڹȥ֪᰼ȻǣȻϣһʱܺ
ԼӦƳΣȥƳμҼĸҲܲȥ
Ͼ˼ҳĨɾˣ˼ҵĸĸҪΥԼǾˡ
ڻͨУòѸ
ȻƳμҵСſˣǱֻʱһţűɽܲÿ϶ġ
Ȼʱǧܱѻҽڡ
ܶϲؼңŻŮѵʱ򣬶ΪĻѻܸ
ⲻ֪ǵźŮѣһ¾ˡ
绰û˻صкҲܸ˵״̬顢֫Եȵȣж˽ȥʲôطʲô顣
Ů˵ĵк̽ôֲ
ޡ֮ѣǹϵѵĿʼ
ζŶİ֮˵ƭȻñƭһԽԽΣΪԲѣòĻš
գ֮Ĺϵֻĩ·
Գɣ˵ȥ᰼ңһ㶼ء
ҲǸȵŮˣ϶Ҳˡ
Ƴο޼ıãʱһ죬϶֪ԭȥüҡ
ǳΪʲôҪأѵΪ
˵Ĳһλ֮󣬾޷ˡ
һ˲뵽һ㣬žİ̹֮ϡ
ᰣܲ˼Ƴȥҳ극ֻȥ
˵Ȼ˵ûϵȻȥƳμңټɣʱԴҵ绰
˼ǽһҪȳˡ
óһкҪ飬˵
֣صĴӦõģᰣҾȥ㡣
ͨ绰ͣ¥Ƴμſڡ
һ壬ŴССųӭӡ
Ұ趼ڿ
ͷƳ߽
ֻɳһ򸾣еĴмҾӷȥƽдһ㳤࣬Ůǹ󸾴磬ͺﳣĸ̫̫
򸾣Ƴεĸĸ
塢̣Ǻá΢Цк
ŸĸæվӭӣãǸϽ˵
ЦͷƳԼĸĸһ¡
Ƴ˵㣬һȻһ˲ţŸЦ޵
ĸҲһЦǺǵģߵˣ˵Сҽֻش˵㻹ҽѧרҵģȶҽѧѧƳҽ̫ˡ
лл尢̿佱΢ЦӦ
ƳƲ콿裬ôҺͳȣ˼ҵҽô̬ҽѧרҲȲѽ
ƳΣôñ̬ݳҽҽѾͷͳŸǳһ䡣
ӣǳ
ҽҽߵﶼܵء
˵ѾģرǾկǰ׳٣ŸĸͶء
ΪҽȻŮѣ
һ뵽ֿ˻
Ů֪˼ӵĸҵѡ
׺ǳ⣬Ƴ࣬İ˵ҽǱ̬ʵָҽѧ·Էˮ򵥡
ĸŮһۺüЦĶԳʵҵгɣûпʲôʱ鰡
һǷǳԵڰʾʲôʱƳνˡ
Ȼ֪Ƴμң⡣
ѾˣֻǵһЦ塢̣֪ǲƳε£Խ£һúÿǵġ
Ǿ̫ˣ
Ÿĸһۣ˶һϲɫ
һҪŮɻǣ
ƳʵģƷз棬ǶܷģΪƳεĸĸҲϣȵϲƣڣ㿴ôŸĿ
ڵĻҿһ°ɡ
ʼղԸŵ껹治һܰѼҵĸ׽ˡ
˵Ÿĸ֪϶ǡ
뵽ϼĴţٴζһۡ
ƳμҺ᰼Ǳ׹ϵȻᰵĸĸΣûôпջǻüһ
ŸĸͨԼŮᰵĽ̸Ǹţܲ²ǵܲñֶŮܿ
ҲζţԼŮͱ㰮ͬһˡ




1615¡
 

żŻֵĹѪ飬Ÿĸһ޷ܡ
ֻܽܳȢһõĽȢŮ
֪ԼŮƳǱȲģò
ΨһҲŵ㣬ܾԸ᰺ˡ
ϾϼŮܲã˪Ը˾֪
ɽŮֻԶۣ֮ύ˵ȢţĻö֮ƯòҲῴ壬֮ദҪĻԸ
ŸĸɲΪᰵԸܺͳദúܺá
Ȼǲ֪ѾΪ˺ܴĸı䣬ǰģȴԳչֳⱲЦݡ
ڶ˵֣Ÿĸ֪͸ýȰ˵׶ˡ
󣬾ĸ˵
ֻĸһº͵Ŀڵʲôǣܺ尢˵Ƕġ
ţƳεĸĸӦöϼŵȽҲûҪʲôɡ
ܱǸҵĹǣΪǵıֶŮᰣҲ֪˰ɡȻ̹ϵ˵ﻹһ˿Ρ
Ƴαĸ̽ڽ뷨ǳˡ
һᵽ㣬ǹɸ˾
һֱΪǳĿеλߵŮˡ
λƴ˭ڳĿеλߡ
ߵ̸ۼһƳҲѡñͳ飬ԼС˾ͺˡ
ֻÿŮ˶İ߽á
Ƴһ뵽ﲻʧС
Ÿĸ˵ҲûҪˡ
ҿһ¹Ӳԥˣ˵˵ԼôİɣѡƳλǵıֶŮᰣǶ㡣Ÿżɽĵʵ
⣬һʱ䵹סˡ
Ȼܻش𣬱ȫҪ
Ƴη˵бֳ̬ȣǾܴӦġ
ճѡش𣺡һڿǣ尢̸һЩʱ䡣
㲻Ҫ˵ֶŮĻ˽飬ҪӵģᰵԸ񣬲˵Ҳ֪͵ӹӵĽǶȽǼƳο϶ӺʡĸĳȰ˵
һЦ⣬ǻιӵ⡣
裬˵㣬ʵڳǰһ㶼䣬Цأڱ㺮֢õòˣͲӡеƳ̲סڸᰱ⡣
ŸĸðҡͷɵŮƽʱ龫֣ôԼǰôͿء
ŮΪԼбģ㡣
ƳΣҪ֪˵ԸǺѸıģȻǶǾóٿһ°ɣȳԷŸ˵ţվкһȥǱߡ
ƳһҳһǣƳΰѳ͵¥¡
ƳΣʵȥ᰼ңĸĸϣҺ綩飬᰽ҲǺˣҹȥҾ飬Ȩ֪һ¥עƳε˫˵
Ƴһ㶣ȻչЦͱ㶩飬ǺܺðһĵףǣΪǸˣ㻹ʲôԥأ
ƳΣҺͱᰶ飬㲻ұ뿼ǵ뷨
ҵ뷨ƳμЦ˵ҵ뷨С鸾㶩飬Ȼֻкұ飬Ҳ⣬Ůˣҿ϶Ҫһġ
Ƴ˵ĲɿЦŮһָԻ·ȫͬ
Ͽȥұɣ̸ˣһҪһʱŶҵǵĺϢƳ˵ţͳӵһ£Ȼ˿һǴЦ⣬ûаֲԹ
ôΪжƳΣлл㣬ˡ
ݰݣƳҡŰֱۣĿͳӷȥ
ȳ뿪СҶôϣ죬ֽҿɴǸŮңҾܶ߱ñҸҪȱݡ
Ƴ֪ᰴСԸ䣬ˣ¸ʷһƬհס
Ůˣڰͻ棬ݲһźȱݡ
һˣǾǳ
ᰣȻϣԼͳʶһҲ覵ġ
ΰóУҪһ
᰺ƳλλƳκͳ飬ᰵһСˣ޸˺ۡ
ǶԱ˽÷ǳ͸ƳβŻѡá




1616¡ͶƱ
 

˫ץỵ̂Ժ︡Ƴ¥»뿪ʱ顣
֮ȥٻӰֻ뵽ĸ֣֪
Ƴζ˵Ϻ֪ʡ
ô˺գ򸴺
Ůʱ鷳ʱ򣬻Ϊ֮ԡ
Ů֮ǵ£޷Ǿ鰮ȴż˭˵ͨأ
һЦ鲻Խĺһ׾ѩ˭ͬɳˮЦ˵̰һƫŮ鳤ᡭ
ҹŵ
ѳͣ᰼ұſڣȻȥ
֣ۺͷ赾ڿ
ɳŵˣ˪ʤѩᰣһ欹˵ĴŮ
Ļ𱬵Ůųһ۾Ϳۡ
۶ôû㣿ߵɳ±˵
۳ԳһЦܵܣ̸ۼޣܳݣȻҪرһ
Ļشͳ²һ
ųᰣʵᰣڼ𣿡
Ϊ˵Ҫ㵥Ǻ̶ȥˡ˵ţƺõõòףСǾȨһҪ˵£ܻⲻˡ
ܣ˵ʲôҶˣͲùʲôֱӸҺͳܵ˵ɡü۴Ц˵
¶֮ɫԤ᰽Ҫ˵ĻĻȫ벻
Ҿ˵ˡһԼɫȻһЩҿ˺ܾãȻҶԶûʲôҾǲ̫ʾͶˡ
ᰣͨˣҺܸˣҲǵĶʵģһһĶʽĳŵ
΢΢һЦ֪˵Ĳʣ˼˵ǣֱӶ飬Ǿǲ˵ˣָұáطѩhǡ
ˣȻ
ΪΪӵ绰ˣԭǳһֹǡ
ǣҲüֵĵط
ȷʵ˵ֱӶ飬տ϶ƳΡ
ֻóǣԸǳǿƵᰣȻԼҪϣῼŮ˵
ڳʵΪ룬ƻͺǵĸ顣
ᰣ˵ģʵҲһֱ˼Ҫôȫڻ벻ЦűԼķա
еռˡ
ȴһЦ㲻ˣѾ뵽ԲֻӦû֡
ܣͱҺͳܵܺżװһļǵӣһһƬӿֻǲŪɧȴջ
һɫ΢ͶƱ
ͶƱ
һ
ûͶƱҲϣͳŮ˶кܴԹԣȫǡһһ֣ص˵Ҵǿϲ̸һ̸ͶƱʽӲҺͳ飬Ʊһ룬һԶѡ
⡭֪þúЦô쿪Ľֶεģ
ͶƱˡ
̲סһЦܲҵŮʣ˼ķʽǾǲһ
Ǿҵķôᰵġ
һʱ޷Ӧ
ô룬ͶƱķʽ˵֡
ᰣͶƱ˵Ƕ飬޳Ʊ࣬ǻͶƱģ
⣬ҲȻҾҪ㶩飬͹ǲôֻ࣬չ˵˵ͶƱƱһĿԸѾ÷׼ˡ仰͸¶Ρ
ϾֻŮ˽Ůˡ
Щǣжô˽ȣͳ
᰾ûλ˼ĻԼ϶ܲˡ
ͶƱķʽ⡣
ı֮һ
ͳ顢ͬʱҪóĺķڷ
Ը飡
ҪͬƱһ룬ͱ뾡˵һա
ͶƱһʽ󣬾Ĭĺչжٸж˵ġ
ƾԼıºŬȥٳɶ¡
ûȳشᰱ㿴˵С㣬ַ֧𣿡
ңһתЦôȤĽҵȻְ֧ܵܣҲˣõķԼҲ벻ġ




1617¡ʮ
 

ã仰ȷʵ˵û
ҪÿһյȻҲᰡ
Ǿ˵ͶƱķʽǷҪɡ
Ȼֽǧᰵĸĸ֪
ٿҲܻӦ
ᰣַʽӦҪȷͶƱжˡʼĺжٸ
ᰵһЦûĻͶƱȨӦˣңƳΣ飬С㣬С㣬hС㡣
ܣҾÿɲֹŶ۽ЦãҾӦҪȥǾǰ˸ˡ
˵Ƕ˫̥٣΢΢һеգöµȥ𣿡
ңᰣɲǵãԼҲ飬Ҳû취һ̯ʾΡ
ҧº촽ŭȴһ֣ߣһˣǷĳˡ
ȷʵڿɲô
ܵܣú룬ǲǻУǸϵһŮ˫Цѵ
һеĹֱˡ
æ͵˫ֻңҲûб˼
ûУȷϰɣѼ˫ĵ绰΢ŸҡԼ£᰻ǾΪ㼧˫Գ⣬ҲҪ뷽跨õ˫޳ƱˣǸ㵺ĳС㣬Һȷϲ㣬ԸһͶƱȨɡ
һʱ
˶֪ôͶƱ
ᰣǿϵϳڶ孵ʱʧˡ
㵱ʱ˵СμϷʱԼߵİɣܴ֯ѣӦûʲô£΢ϵ֪ˡ᰿ɲ׷Ʊ
Ϊͳ㵺֮Уӡܺá
ԸͶ޳ƱͳĳɹʾҪϺܶࡣ
ĸʦᣬҲҪһݡʱ򣬳ֻܸ᰽ˡ
᣿
Լû˵Ҳ֪ôͺٵĸʦϹϵġ
ֻü򵥽һ£Լ͹ʶ̡
գͬùͶƱȨ
ôܹʮˣȷֻʮǰɣٴθȷһ顣
ԼŬһ£Ӧʮˡ
ͷô࣬ǽҪôͶƱأѴټһ𣿳СӦûز캣С
ʮ˲ü棬㽨΢Ⱥȥ˵ȻȺͶƱС᰿ǵʮŮ棬˴˶ݣδ̫ˡ
ʱ϶ôгܻܿᳳ
ĳ˷h᰾;ԼܲԸ
΢ȺЦãᰣÿܵ
ûĻͽȺͶƱȷһ³ܲϵϣм˫׶û˼У˵ɾ͸ɣֻҵ΢š
ǰѼ˫΢͸ᰡ
һᰱ̧ͷ˵Сظˡ
û뵽Ȼܻظ΢š
ĵĲǳܲͶƱǳϴӵºߺǲǻڶ孡
Լɡᰴһɾ⣬Լʸ˼˫΢ţʼ졣
ֻԼ﷢΢ţС㣬㻹ڶڵ㵽ǳﻹػ
һʳ֪⡣
ܿ죬㷢ظǳػܿҵ壬ֻƽʱжԼҲ̫
ô˵оڵǳء
һĻػǼķˣھǳķŷʱ䡣
֪ػϷ˵õʲôػɣܳʱ硣
ڵػͳӦһ˫꣬һ״̬
Ȼػó͸¶̫ϢҲͲˣǽͶƱ΢˵һ顣
﷢Ц޵ı飬ȻظԸͶƱһܸжͶƱ뵽
ͬʱ˫Ҳ᰻ظʾԼûаϳͶһƱ
ˣͶƱȷΪʮˡ
ȥ˵ɣһƳκҶͬͶƱͽȺ˵ţվ׼ͳš
Ȼϣܵó
ᰵ飬һԼϣ㶩飬ҲǸعĸĸһ
Ҿͻһűˣ˸˵hѾ캣Уھҵıٴһ𡣡
ôһ˵ǿҵΣС
ȥh˵ͶƱ£ƱҪhȰ˵ɷƱ




1618¡Ⱥ
 

뵽ٵƱܻܿᱻhߣ̿ǷҪȥıһ
پͼһ棬ȫ죬һϣȰ˵ɹͶ޳Ʊ
һڰ֮ڵ޳Ʊ᰾ǲȥһűˡ
ᰣôˣĵʵ
ûʲôȥɣҵ㽨Ⱥ
˵ֻ뿪ұ
ص庣һű󣬳طѩ͹Ѿؼˣֻзhٺ֯ˡ
һң߰ѾҲͰԼСס
ôôȥƳμ֮ȥ˱ĵط𣿡һhʵ
ͷʵʵ˵֮ȥ˱᰼ңһҪ顭
һһʮ᰺顢Ůͬ⡢ͶƱķʽЩȫ˵˳
h١֯ȫôסˡ
ü󣬷hһЦܲú˼ַʽó
hͬ𣿡ĵ⡣
hû̻ش𣬶˼
ᰵ˼ͨͳ飬ѹס
ϾôգֻᰱýȢȫһġ
ĵƶһһƣŮ˰ͬһˣһŮܺİ˽ĻҲͳǸ˵Ψһ
ӵΨһhȻܴӦ
ΪϣԼǳĿҪˣ顢ʽõ淽ʽ
Ƿhתһ룬ͬͶƱҲ޷ɹ
ɲųգôȸͶ޳Ʊ
٣h֯ʱˡ
֯˾Լ˫̥ŮͶ޳Ʊġ
뵽h΢΢ףŵ˵ȻܲǵϿɣǾ֯ͶƱɣͷѩǻ֪ȷ΢Ÿǡ
h˵֪ͨطѩ͹ᣬʵ̽ǵĿڷ磬Ͷ޳ƱǷƱ
ͷ΢ţȺ֮ǰõʮ˶
һ²øսȺȴ֪Ů˲Ȧˡ
طѩʲôȺ
᣺С㣬Ҳڰ
飺
˶֪ʲô
᰸պͱƳ˵£׼˵ǽˡ
˿ȺƬȺʮһˣֻгһˡ
̲סٴʵȺģ֪𣿡
ұ𼱣ҽ͡
᰿ʼˡ
ҧź촽˫ִĴָĻϣҪλǳѣϾ飬˵̫ˡ
һߣhѾطѩϣ˴Ϊ졣
˵ĻظУhһ¾ͿǾԸͶ޳Ʊġ
Ⱥ촰ڣԵܣǴͶƱܲܺͳ𣿵زʲô˵ģ
hС㣬˵öԣûʲô˵ˣͶƱģ֪û
᰷ϢŵʵᰣҪͳˣ
֪ǶԳ⣬ҲֱӺͳ飬ҪǵȫͶƱһ顣ÿһ仰ܸоԼָ΢΢
˹ؼʱִ̣һҵƶʡ̽ŮʣҲⲻĽš
껰̸鷢ȥ˽ģ飬֧𣿺ܱǸ˽Ҫ󡣡
ûϵҿ϶Ͷ޳ƱȻģǾ֧ᰡ
뷨ͺƳβ࣬ϣýܹҸ
лл㣡ᰵõĻظԷ
ȻȺֻȺһ·ԡ
ܣʵ㷢ͶƱʱѾǶǵĲˡhֱԲĻӦ㲻ȺÿŮͳ𣿵ǿûĻᣬͶƱͨܺͳ飬㲻ͨҲֻʱ˻ѣñжĻᣬ˵ǲǣ
ò˵h仰ɱǳûÿŮ
ȷʵͶƱƽʵֻһ
ŮͶƱȨȴԼǷܺͳ顣
֮£ǵȻӲͶƱˡ
᰿h仰ԵhС㣬ҳַʽ˽ģȫԲͬ⣬óɢȺ
ô᲻ͬأԼͬˣҾûָֻͶƱʽƽѡhĻظǣԼĴȣչֳԼΪ룬˵ÿظѹһ




1619¡ϵƱ
 

ʵһʼ᰾ģԲԵ÷hÿ΢ŷԣѹסᰡ
λɽܲ޷
hС㣬ллָȻҶͬͶƱǾ뿪ʼɡ᰾쵶ն飬ΪԽͷh˵ȥԽΡ
գ򱻷hᰵѹһ仰ûԣֻĬĬĵͶƱ
ʱ۷һɧı飬һ仰λŮö˼ͶƱǾýһɣҸͶ޳Ʊ
ҵڶͶͶƱhʾͶһŷƱ
ţƳκ׷ױʾͶ޳Ʊ
ᰲ˵϶ҲǸԼͶ޳Ʊһ³ıһ
hû뵽᰾ȻܻƱƱѾ޽ӽɹͳˣ
ļ֮£hûͶƱŮһس٣ᣬѩǿͶɣ
ҺöͶƱȺĵһϢ
Ҷġ֮͵
С˫̥ûͶˣطѩ͹ԼҲ֡
ͶƱطѩ̵֣ȴܱĵ
ֻʣԼͶΣæϣҲͶƱܣ˼
ûϵ׼
᲻Ͷ޳Ʊ
Ʊ󣬷hеСķԵܣƱǷƱ5ţֻ4޳ƱӦûʲôˡ
hС㣬𼱣һûͶءȷһӦȻ˳С㣬ͶһƱɣ
֮󣬹˼룬ﻹûлӦ
·Լżˡ
ѵǱ߳ʲô£
һֱĬĬͶƱĳﲻԣ뵽᲻ػ¿˳壿
Ǻпܵ顣
ͶƱҲζᰵĶƻʧܡ
ܣλСͶƱŶĻhɫĴߴٵ
ᰵӦǲȡСͶƱȨͶˣǾ͵ȵ졣
ǲʲô˵ܣǲ̫ԵˣhʱЩˬ
æվԲҶǺýãҪҪǵȳСһСʱһСʱûͶƱǾͶƱȨ
ࡣhǾһСʱеˣھͽͶƱᰱɡ
Ҳʾ۵ûκһСʱĵȴУ֪Լжô尾
̲ס﷢ȥһ˽ģǲǳʲô顣
ȥ֮󣬳Ȼûлظ
³ȷһСʱܲͶƱ
΢Ⱥһʱ˳Ĭĵȴû졣
Ƴڷ˽İο㡣
hڳıƣҲΪ˻
֯ѾͨŮ΢ţȫȺ¼ˡ
hᰵ΢Ž棬ðզࡣ
ʣǿŮŮУ
ΣhʱŮͳһսߣսѡ
Ѿʤȯˡ
֯˵΢΢һЦhС㣬ӦаճСͶ޳ƱҿСһСʱǾԻظ˵ġ
ϣɡh̾һв̫ԤС
ʱѵСظˣ
ǸϽͶƱhʱѿڶ
ԣɿЦҲǵͶƱȨ
ˣҲųСͬܺ㶩顣
h˵ţѸٴ΢Ⱥһ۾ͿͶһƱ
޳ܺͳĻ£
ˣ
hһغƱ׳ƽ55
۾ܿҲû涨ƽ־Ӯ
ܣڷƱ޳ƱһҲ˵ͬͳһ룬ǣӦ÷飡
ԷhǿƷԣ˼תֻɲܣ
hС㣬㷴룬һ浹Ȼ޳Ʊһ룬ΪҺͳ飬ûʲô⡣
ܣǿʶˣһ룬ĸطѡ٣ѡƱƽһܳɹεģ
hԴϬٵһʱ޷
ȷʵͶƱʽͶƱռ
ΪƾԼǿƣѹסڶա
ȴû뵽hǿһҲ
hã˵̫ˣҶòһ䣬ַԵ뷨ƱƽνǺأ
ҪôͶҪôøͶ
hڳҲתü죬ַ
ӦhС㣬ҾõڶַȵһֺãͶĻܿܽǲ䡣




1620¡Ӳ
 

û
֮ƳǷ׷ױʾû
ǽֳһµ⡣
ܵܣú룬㻹ûŮˣ۴ֱӵʵ
ȺŮסȴĻش
еʮһգյͶƱ̫ؼˣǾԵһƱ
ûС̻ش
ȷʵ벻ˡ
ղᰵļ۹ȫռպʮˡ
Ӳճʮһ
ʵ١ﶼеġ
ô죿ƳηԵҪټһͶƱȥҰ
λ˳˼
һڣ˭Ҳûٷԡ
ͳһ΢ϢķhͻȻ뵽ʲôָٴַһȺϢһƱóԼͶ
ϢĳεĿ˷hһۡ
СӣȻְռ׻ϣ
ΪͶƱܽ⣬ȴôû뵽Ʊջƽ
ؼĵʮһˡ
ȻhôһᣬȺ׷׸˵ûͬóͶһƱ
мջ˳΢
hⲻ𣿡οЦ
һƱͶҲǣͶ޳Ҳǡ
Ͷ˷ԣǿ϶ᰵġ
Ͷ޳ɣֻô룿
϶ΪԼڳĿеĵλûҪ
h϶롣
ͶһƱʵܼ򵥡hʼĿڲšԼͳһƣ룬ͶƱ˵ֻһ˵ģͶ޳ƱĻĵĽÿɾͶˣĸͶ޳ƱʵҲ͵͵ģ˵㶮𣿡
һʱҭ
ﰴžŹ̵Fĸǲ֡
ʱ˿̣Լ̫ˣ
ͶɣʲôҶܡһ̷ƽ
ܷɻ飬սõġ
յĸܶͶ˷ƱҲԹԡ
ôͶǶԴҲƽġ˼һ󣬴һ仰Ҿã罻ɡ
ôʮλŮܺ档
ҵһӲң΢ЦӲҵķʽҿȺƵ׸ǿӲϣ޳ɣǷ񶨣Ǿô
΢ȺĬ˼롣
һִ⿿
һƱյĽ˭أ
ҾþͰܵ˵ɡ۵һ̬
ûΪˣҲʹĽӲҵķʽ
˷׷Ⱥʾû
ͻȻ뵽ʲôУóף书ô϶ܿӲ泯ϡ
˵öԣƳ̸͡
ʱеЦãʵûӲҵķ򣬵˵ȥ˭ţ
ҵĻͽףƵҿһ㹦򶼲ŶhԸ£һзԡ
΢Ⱥֿʼ
ǿģ·hʲôֽš
ֳ֤ߣӦòƭŶԡ
İh٣ǾζʵͶƱġ
Ҳͺͷhûʲôˡ
ɷhСӲҰɡҧҧһѡ
˶ûҲ顣
΢ȺƵ칦ܣŷhȫġ
΢ȺhߵյϣӲҷĴָʳָм䣬ȻһӲڰвϸתյ䵽ϡ
ͷתƵذϣ˵Ҳ֮
ӲһڵϲͣתתʮȦ󣬲ͣ
棡棡ƳڼĬĬ
棡һǷ棡Ƿh
һ죬Ӳڵˡ
һ˻ϲ˳
Ⱥ󣬷ķhԼӲңȻ׳棡
㣬ӮˣƳȺﻶ
ͶƱŮȻȴʲôû˵
h󷴶ߣΪͶʤһƱǻʲô˵ģ
ᰵһŷģڳ׷
Сʱڣ֪˶ٴε
Ӳصһ̣඼ᵽɤˡ
ȴǳϵ
hС㣬ллΪͶһƱȺһ֡
hûлӦֻҧ촽ס
쵰ΪʲôҪӲַʽҺ㣡
hԲ𡣡ĵķhֻеǸ
˵Բʲôãܺܲöˣǲǣh˵
ֻ¶һǸ⣬֪ԼôشǴġ
ܿ죬hʧˣ̾һˣⶼ˭Ӳ˸أ




1621¡չ򸾵ķ
 

ʱһֱû˵֯˿ڰοhС㣬ʵ㲻ģΪˣҿԺܿ϶ĸ㣬ﳤĵһΪܺͳˣǻĹŴĻʵۣǻʺ󣬶ĳ
hһ
֯ˣ˵ȷʵеҲӦô䣡
˵ĶԻóЦá
Ů֮䣬ǵĶ
h£ûʲô˭˭Ӯɣ㱧̬Ļ̫ˣΪʲôҲܺúദأ
ߣúദܰô򵥣hıӵ
ٴ
ȷʵ򵥻
hͷϣ˵
ֻܼ΢ȺûϢ
ַֻԵһᾡȷڣʱϣμҵĶ硣
ʤķԣh޿κΡ
ֻܺݺݵĴһԼӲҵֻ֡
hʲôʱؾǣͻȻʵ
룬hȥμᰵĶ磬ʱ϶Ρ
ŮӣӦҲῼǵһ㣬ȥμӵĲࡣ
óǳǣh˵ҪȲμǵĶߣֻۿǶ飬ҲŲǽԼĴ£
hǺοأһˡ
hӣˣƢô˵Ҳ˵ͨ
Ҳ˵ᰵĶ磬hȥˡ
ҷhȺ˵Լľ
зhͷŮȻҲ׷ױ̬ȥμӶ硣
ⲻϲҲǡ
۾ǴܹгദһףЦԵǣǶȥμܵĶ磬Ǿ̫ˣʱҪúúʶһ£һҲ׼ȱϯŶ
Ҷٴα֤϶ȥȺʱ
ҴʦѡһڵգѶȷ
ʱ䣬ؼһˣϲ¸߸ĸ
hԭϼңǵᰶ飬òӣֻԼطѩ͹ȥɢģŮȡů¿ˮ
Ϊ˲μӳĶ磬ỹƶѧԺǱ˼٣캣ûߡ
ȷᰶĵڶ죬ϱ㿪ϼҰˮȥ
ڳĸĸչѾûס¼Ҵ壬ǰϣסڰˮ׸½ֵı
ĸһϲԶϻ֪Ӽ˳緹ڱſںھļҳ
ϳ£ǼҪгϢͺÿһϺҡȱĽ˵
һҲ۵ۣǰҶӶʮüˣȥ򹤼ۣϻεɶ¶ɣɳˣϵĹûһģԺǴһӣզ찡
㣬ǳðѧһҽϼܲôƯŮѣϴγ½ϰҼܲһΣǿɰ˶ǵϵŮǣȲ˵仰ģҲһ裬䣬ᰵŮˡ
չӣֿ˻
ôϢδϱôӵȻҲһһ˳ģ˲ǰũµĸСûˣʮྡˡ
һ££ø߶ӡ
Ȼһ뵽һ㣬ͿԶ߹ʮˡ
ͷһʮꡢƤڡಲ̿ӡ
չʶˣϳĶ֣ͳֱֵ֣ͬһģ֣ϲ˻죬ԸŹϵ˰ˮίԱĸΡ
֣ŵģֱǰˮ漸ׯĴ
֣ô˳֣չ֪ˡ
һΣ֣żƶǷǮʱǼƶ߿ԼԲϣչĵϺˣǱһǮˡ
չڿе֪ԭǼƶ챣ϽģҲ˳ȥ򹤣óԲϷ
Ҳ˵Ƿƭˡ
һĳչ˵ʲôϾ뱲ӶƶũǮҲûǮ
Ǳ֣ǼƶȥǮҪ϶ᱻ˵С
ǳչķԭ
ѾҪһ飬ȴû뵽죬֣ٴǣҴĴࡣ
壬ϺðǳԹ緹ûУ֣ߵչǰһЦʵ
ڳչѾ֪ϴνһ飬֣ȥǧٿ֣Цݣֻα
ȻҶھӣΪϺ˵ĳչ򸾲˺ƤչֻǿӦǳԹˣ֣ô˹ʲô𣿡




1622¡Ҫ
 

Ǻǣġ֣˵ţת¼ʮȻԼͬĿ˵壬㲻֪ǰˮȻչԽԽãǻкܶûƶأҴ⼸ʮףǸƶÿϲˣȥǼ￴ǿţͺǰҲƶ϶Щǣ˵ĶԲԣ
֣㵽˵ʲô֣˵˹Ĩǣչее㲻
Ҳû˼ⲻܿǾҪ븻ԣ׶Ҷͬϵģܲ˸ͣعͶɣ壬Ƕ𾴵ҽ׬Ǯǻˣܷܲģһ»ûƶĸף˵һлл
֣˵ʱʼնЦ⡣
νֲЦˣչʵϺˣȻ֣˼޷
Ҳ֪ȼĵ֮ǰΪǮƶûǮԷˣŽȥһ
֣˼ʮ˹ĽǮǵĻҪüʮȥ
չɵӣȻܴӦ
֣ôˣǽǮɣҺȿһ£ҡչ仰൱ίľܾˡ
֣ǳƤȫΪȻЦǺǵĵ壬ִ£ʲôÿǵأ֪ƽʱȥݷ𣬵ǸƵĻµĹ¿ɱݷǿˣǶôǮóǧһ¸Ҳûǽһķӣ̫ãͱǰˮ׸½ֵıЩҲûϵ˵ⲻĺ𣿡
ǧ򣿡չɫһ¾ͱˡ
ԭΪ֣ô˹ֻǽ輸ʮ
û뵽ȴʨӴ󿪿ڣһ¾ҪôǮ
һҪǰæӡ
ؤָӲҪ
֣ǴίԱḱΣӦúҶʲôݣ쵼ĿʲôλΪѵ±ְչʼӲ
иôĶӣȻǰ̡
ϳչ֣Ҳűҿչƶ˾ǲһƲЩũֵˣóвң˵ʵҶôѹҳչ϶ǹҽʲôݰҵĳΪ˸ףҲֱ׳Ҫ󣡡
֣˵öԣǶ֧㣡ʮ׷ױ̬
ô˵һʱʮӡ
չеסˡ
ֻʮ񲻶Ϸ˵Ļ÷ԽԽ
ϳ·ˣ϶˹ûʲôζ
ˣȣôǰˮģô˾Ըأ
ˣ˾Ǯ˺һˣֱҿ̫ˣ
˵ҽ׬˼ʮڣʲôˮ˰ɣ
˵ʮڵǮˣóǧЩƶƶʲôѵģǧ˵ǼٿǮ
Щ̶չͺɫԽԽÿ
ȼʮ˵òˣ֣ŰڰʾҰˣ塢ŸǵǶˣôÿ˰ɣֻҪǴӦҾͰһƶĿֻҪͶǮβһ˰Уȫòġ
֣仰ͼ¶š
˵ƶĿʵͨ˽̷ƶˡ
֣˴߰ɣǲܴӦġչ̬ȼ˵
֣һɫ̳ȻĴͶȥһ
ʮߵĳ
չǲǮǾȥ򸮴ſھٱΪʣ
ǰˮ׸½ֶôǮôô˽
ҿǸɴȥסɣǰˮСƣݲûĵı
һʱȺӿչŵ˼
֣ԼҪЧﵽˣЦһչһΣ״𲻴Ӧ
δȳչشȺͻȻÿһ·
֡裬ô£߳ĸǰǲ۸ǣ
ӻչϲޣͬʱҲ
жڣǾͲ֣ڱǾǮˡ
ҽã֣̻һޱ𾴵ɫǰˮĸǣýţ
˭Ȼʵ
֣شҽ֣ǴίԱĸΣԸģϣҽܹԮ֣ƶҽկôǣӦһⶼûаɣ




1623¡˲Ҫ޵
 

磬Ȼû⡣ϵ˵ܿ컰һתֻ飬ֻύĵȥ˽
Ļ˵֣ͷһ
ŬάЦݵҽ֣ҪƼһ£ƷһϣǻǺҵģ԰·ĵĽҡ
ǰҽǶŵù֣ͷĵĽȥɡʮ׷˵
ɨЩһۣЩ˵ϿȫǳҲĸĸûƶ֮ǰ·ǲƼݣڳũҪʡԼã½⡣
ҪЩƶǲܵġ
ٿĸղŵ飬Ҳܲ³š
ǲɫʵǴôʲôҪ󾡹ɡ
ҽǸˣ֣Ĵָ޵ȻĴǣҸϽҪ󣬳ҽ̣ȱǵǮ
ʮһ˲伤˷ܼˣ
ҽҼϷӼʮˣϣܸҼҸǸ¥·
Ҷ׼飬ȱ鳵ֻҪˣǱ۶ν
ҽŮմѧҵ¹ûкʵģһ½ϼŰɣҪܵˣŮܸɵģ
ҡ˵ҽҼʲôҪֱӸһ򡢲ǮĻȫҶүүţ
żʮҪĭɣЦ
˵ûУ
һ仰Щ˲ư͡
ǰһ̣ǻΪҪǮǡ
ڿҽ˰
ҽǵҪ󣬲ְɣ򡢼ǧ˵ֻСǮѡ֣æЦ
һǲںǧ򣬵ҾǰôǮˮҲˣȫҹ
һȣѼʮŰˡ
ܿ׳ŵ˵Ƕǿ㳤ģ㷢ˣһ磬ôһ㶼Ըأ
Ǿǣʮǰһһǳأ˵ˮ֮ӿȪ౨ԼģԵ𣿡
Ƕ˵㣬˳ȥңһŻ缸ΣǽǸ֣Ըῼǻر硢罨𣿡
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ҽԴҶǰˮƾʲôǲܵõ֣Ѿеҧгˡ
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ĻԼɿôҳչù
֣㻹ǿԼ¡ҸĸǮΥΪҪںðɡ˵ţ½ַȥһϢ
Գ½ڰˮϵһίԱḱ֣ԶԶ
ҿǳչ̳ĺöӣϢˣˣ뿿½ֵĹϵѹңҲӴ
ͻȻžһ֣δ˵꣬㰤˳һơ
㡢ˣǷΪ֣ϻۣһѧҲ˵
ž
һƣݺˤ֣ϡ
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ֱ־С
㻹˵ΥΥˣҪȥ㣡֣ŭ£ָųŭ
һЦҴ㣬治Υ㾡ȥ档
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ܿ죬ϵ쵼˹Գ¶ϹϾɫ
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Ǹ쵼ĮĵһҲûа˼֣˲һƬ
żʮ񣬾óչԼ°ֶܵΣǾǮ
û뵽һ˲顣
˿̣֣޾ĺڣ֪ͲʨӴ󿪿ˣֻǸչ飬˵ô
һմɰˮִԱߡ
ǼʮҲԾµڲ
һ־磬⿴ĸ¶Цݵ֣裬λһϲ¡




1624¡칫˾
 

չӻϲҪǣڵǰһ
ѵȡʲô춯صĴɾͣ
С˵ʲôϲ£ءЦ⡣
Ҳ֮Цݣϲ£Ҿͱᰶˡ
ģ
չ仰һ㶣Ȼ̸ּϲ֮ɫ
ӣڸ᰹Ůˣ̫ˣ̫ˣ
񼤶úϲ£죬ᶼˡ
չҲ¶ο֮ɫӣεһ졣
ԼĶӹͣʣҪһ£ǽ顣
ҲǶΨһĵ顣
˵Ż˼
裬Ҳ飬£Һͱ᰹ͬľЦЦ˵պܿͻȷѾȥŶˣλҾҪȥʡỨУ罫ʡٰ졣
ãǸϽȥȼ᰹Ů衣һȲ˵
ΧھӣĽˣ׷չϲ
죬Ÿĸǰƶʡᡣ
ûʡ򷿣ֲøĸסƳλķӣ԰ŶסʡǼƵꡣ
ᰵĸĸҲһͳĸסͬһҾƵꡣ
ҾھƵ沢һٷ
׼ۡ赾ͳչȻϲʤ
λڷ̸Ц˵ԭҴ뼧Сѡգôѡӿ϶ܺãȴˣ֪Ϊʲô
Ŷ˫ԸѡǾұ˰ɣҿ®µĶɶɡɽƴʦԡڼ˫ܾᰣǲô⡣
Ͼ˫뷨һ˿͸ġ
ԼҲѿ͸
ȴһ뷨
ǾǼ˫ܾѡգѵ˵ϲʵǺܽͳ飿
ȻѾƱͨ飬ȥ̽˫ʲô뷨ˡ
ô˵ͷҾȥɶɰɣ칫˾ǱߵĽȣ鷳㿴ŵ㡣
ãһġһ磬ʹ绰ʡĻ칫˾Ǽһ칫˾ٰᰵĶ硣
ֻȷӣ㷢ͿԾٰˡ
Է䣬ͻȻӵһ绰ǻ칫˾־ġ
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ʲô΢΢üʵ
־еɬ˵Ǹû˵ԼݣƾҶ۽磬ҿóǸݺܲ򵥡
Уҹһ°ɡ
칫˾ڵľƵдԼʮӵĳ̡
ʱҹ˾ΪǸ飬ֵԱĻ̡̻
Ϊ˵ǹ˾ȡԤԼǸҪǹ˾գ
ݿ˭ó˵ݵλ϶ͣ
־ڹд˵Ĵ
ֻһŶɳϣһźɫԼз꣬ϣŭͲͷɫ
ǰվһ͡ؾװˣƣݶˣа˾ʮꡣ
ͣ˶ڼ帣
ȴֻܵͷվǰһ˴ȴͷӡ
éͷ˵㣬Ұ£Ȼ첻ã˵ͣʲôã꿪ڣѵ
٣־˵ڵĶ磬ѾԤԼˣҡҲû취éͷ͵
ΪٵҡҡͷȻ˸ӲˣԤԼˣͲȡʲôݣԤԼʲôݣ˭ҺһԤԼ
վٶ־仰룬ԤԼ˿ǳҽ治һ񳾡
ݵλ־û֪֪ףҲ֪ţƶʡһĴ
Ȼţƺ壬Ͼû˵Լʵݡ
éͷѵֻΨΨŵŵӦ
éͷӣٴҡͷҪ̫үүսңϷͰϳȥˣ
١ҪҪߣéͷŵæģϰڸɲ˻ˣȫҪǸߣҺϰɾû˰
ӣ޷˵˰˾ʮǸսˡ
éͷ񳾵̫үүս
ֻǺƽûеõܺõĴΪҺܿǳ




1625¡򹷶
 

ر񳾣éͷ˳ۣһ͵ɸӻΣȣһ칫˾
Ϊ˱̫үүĶ飬éͷЩĴ
һˣرԿͣҲر̡
éͷϱзģݲߣȻóһָʣҲκԹԡ
éͷģ񳾷üͷ˵ˣˣұ죡
éͷ͡
־ڶ濴ðҡͷ٣һҲˡ
ܵǱĿ⣬־̰ڳЦ٣ʲôҪ𣿡
ߣװɵصһɳ֣ס־ȡһ˵ԤԼ㵽ܲܰ쵽
Ǻǣ٣Ҳȡǹ˾涨ȡҲû취⣬ûҪڵһλ˵ǲǣ־ЦǸ
ȴǲģãܵҪ֪ҵݣ˵ǹ˾㣬ǹ˾գҲ׾٣Ȼ˾ǾϰңҵҪҲҾܾҵҪ󣡡
٣ϰ˵ˣһܣڣԤԼô־Ȼͺ˵
ٵĻ£ڶˣƺǲǲҷԽ˵ŭԽʢУȻǹ˾֪ôǾ͵ŹŴ󼪰ɣ
˵仰վĿéͷһۡ
ϷŸʲô߰
éͷսս˵ûöôܡ
ôϻʲôõң鲻ˬéͷײǹˡ
ֻžһéͷվһơ
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˷ʲôǸŵһ˾ʮ˵Ķ⣬ǲԵģ
һôܴˣʵ
񳾿ˣֻһƽƽӣЦҴǼҵĹֵõ£
ϴصľװ²пǿսʱڵϱ
ȻһλӦܵصϱΪԼҵĹһʮ
ҿһһ䣬ѵǰ
Ҳֵģ˹ȵٶȣ
ۼ˲͵ǰɴһ
Ӧͱ˦һƣڵء
Ӵˤڵϣʹг
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ԵһƵʱͿʼΪĴˡ
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־ǣȻԼҲͳһȥɲҴٵİơ
ҽƶʡбڲٵϸ£Ҵƣ־ȫ벻
¿϶Ҫ鷳ˡ
ҴҰƣĵվеŭ𼸺Ҫ籡
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㲻һ˾ʮϱ˵ǹ蹷ˣһѣһ졣
־ں氵һҽúã
񳾴ŭŵĿųû˸
ãƶʡ͵꣬ʲôϺǵͷˣ
Сӣ񳾽Ÿ㣬ңǽ̫֮үүΪºպսܵҶԪ˧Ԫ˧ĽӼ̫үүȥʱ֪ٽǰ䣿̫үүȥȻкܶдеǸʲôǹ֮ǹ
񳾴һװ־סˡ
ͿλŴٵݺܲ򵥡
֮ǰĲ²⣬ΪĳظĹӡ
ȴû뵽񳾵ͷȻˣ
֮⻹˭ܵ
ǷͷĳҽҲǲٰ
־ݱԶ罫֮
鷳Ĵˡ־Ľп಻֪Ѿô򵥡
ٸղ˵ǹ˾׾٣治˵˵ѣ
ҳҽҲҪùˣ
ҽϼܲöϲ£ںܻܿɻ£
֮󣿡΢΢üͷ
񳾣ȷʵӵһее㼬ֵݡ
ηǲܵġ
ô֪ˣ񳾼ɫΪˣ֪¾͸ҹǸȻһ¶⣡




1626¡֮
 

Ⱥݵ㣬㣬ҪԼ⣬Ҷˣ˵һܷһ
˵껰һ𵶵ɳϣһֺģ
һݣɢĺŨˡ
ʱ䣬׶ŭҲ׶䡣
ǽ֮Ҳֽѵ
ֻǿǺܿҪᰶ飬Ϊ˲һͷֻ³֣ҹ
СӣǲײĲǰɣ񳾵ŭٴαǣһԵéͷƣݺݵȣ
٣ҪΪˡéͷ
Ҳȥְ񳾸ϳңʱ־վԲҽ٣λǹ˾ǳ𾴵ĿˣûҪ˺ǽ֮˭ҸӣҽʡڣҲͷλһȰ»Ǻúúͽɣ
ͽ⣿һЦ񳾽֮󣬱ȰƣɹҪҸͽ⣿
仰־һʱ䲻һӦֻܾЦ
ȷʵղŵľٶ˵Ǽ衣
־ΪӦ񳾡
Ҳҵֺ߲ãԲŲ֪˵ʲô
־Ҳ˷ϻܵĶ磬ԤԼģ˵ǽ֮󣬾ˣҲȡԤԼޱȵӲ
ԣЦճµģҹƶʡͣΪҲ֪ɵЩֻǱٸûǵɾͷ̫үүĺպսȣǵɾͣһƨ
ϻ˵ûУ˵͸ҹվǶŭ䣬һֻ񳾵죬үɳץȻ˦ȥ

һҽУͷײſϣ˲һʹһβҽг
һ־ŭǳȻǿŭĵȻǳһ˦ȸղƻй֮޲
֪Լ򲻹ֻܷߺ޶ճµģҵţܿͻ֪ʲôȨƣʲô֮󣡡
˵껰һȳһյȥ
éͷҪϣȴסүү㻹Ҫû㵱˿ΪϱӦõõӦеغʹûҪӹң㵣Һѣҿṩ
Ļ˵éͷӯж
ûϵЩϱжãܵ˵𾴡
ңȴ񳾵ʹ
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Ŀéͷ߳ң˳Ĭ
֮ȷʵǼĸ֡
ĸǿվܺͻǿĹٷԡ
֮ǰΪԼѾ˽ƶʡڵˡ
ȴû뵽ͻȻðһ¼ҡ
ֻ˵һʡԻ̫ˡ
ʡỨУΪϵ׸֪жٲɽ¶ˮȨ֮ҡ
ЩߵЩȽϵ͵
Ϊ֮ңѡ͵ҲǺģ󲿷˶ּ֪ͥסжʲжٸ
һּͥǳ¡
ԶԶ̨ϵȵġ
ղ˵одеȷڴţ˵󻰡
ɲǾ֮ô򵥡
겻֪жپдУ񳾵̫үүǰݰֵܣĽ顣
Ҿ֮ңϽϸһµĹأһļҳ£һұҪ
û˳࣬Ҫ붯һλдУ¾Ͳðˡ
ǳѡá
ǽ֮Ҳ񳾴ᰵĶƻ
־ԥţҪҪȰܵĶԤԼø񳾣ȴ˵־ԤԼĶ磬ٰ죬Ǹв㣬绰ҡ
õģҽǧֵ޷ĵزҸ˾»ǿԺƽġ־ѵ
û˵ʲôתȥ
صƵ񳾵˵ˡ
꣬
ͳĶ̣һۡ
ò׸㶨ĺǣð֮񳾡
ѵүĲͳɻ飿
ᰣ㲻Ҫ룬½Уǵİһ𣬸λѷο
ֻܵͷţ񳾵£ûܺƽɣҲڴϲ󶯸ɸˡ




1627¡ߵһ
 

ᰣģзִ硣˵ţᰵ㷢
΢죬ȻСԴ῿ڳļϡ
ڶ죬ƶʡý壬һţ𼫴ĺ䶯
Ǿƶ֮󡪡ҽڱٰܹ磬ʱ硢硢̽ͷĴμӡ
ͨĿУ֮Ƿǳ͵صģƽʱǸû
ҹٰ磬ʷһΡ
ͨڶǳڴ֮ҵĻ磬ʲôӡ
һЩоõҵľٶƺ⡣
Ϊ֮ûĻ˸ߵ
һЩصϲȦԡСϢʼ
˵ҽĶ磬Ҳھٰ죡ҵĻйϵ
˼˵ҽҽˣҪǿкϷˣ
иƨĺϷҽǺţʲôλǿǽ֮󰡣
ѵҽҪѹҿδأ
ƵСۣƶʡĸ
ģЩտɿϢСȦӣŽȥˡ
ԭҽ칫˾ԤԼ磬úү񳾵Ļײա
ҽԸȡԤԼ˵һƣ˵ҡ
ʵҴѡһһ칫˾ٰ磬ҷǵûӲҪѡͬһһ칫˾ٰĵַͬһҾƵꡣ
ζʲô
ζˣˣ
ԭϲƽ˾һʱƶʡᣬҪӭһξκˡ
ʱʡнĳߺǽıСׯ԰ڣڸո޼Ĳݵɢ
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¶ı飺ܺą̃棬ӦЧʲôҲҽ֮ȣ
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͵һЦұŰɣճµĶȷҵĻѡںͬһ졢ͬһҾƵٰ죡ʱıߵݵλߣ
ү湻ģװӲƨ֮ĵ̣СӺ϶ҪڵĦ
Ļʮвɸֵ֮ɫ
뵽Լһƣ˦ţϵ˶ûãֺ޵ֱҧ
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ߣȻܣû˭ңָһ棬ңý֮ô꣬˭ҲǣȻøߵ̫үүѵһأֻ֧㣡
лл֣ʵӻִ֪ģԷͷ̫Ҳ˸ߵϷ˼⡣
񳾵Ե÷ǳаա
ǸʲôΪԼҽѧȡһɾͣύ˼ǮƵĴΪԼƶʡˣ
ҽ֮󶼸ҵһҪʹĴۣ֪ЩˣԶǲģ
˶ӵⷬοĵͷ
Ķӣǲ֪صç򣬷ܶðշִ磬ĻҲͿԷİҵδˡ
ȻΪ񳾻һЩλĵطһ¡
Ǹҽô򵥣ȥճһֱйעѶϢ˵һɴݣʡڸ߹٣дУҪעһ㡣
֣ģЩҶֲ֪ӵ̹ܽ٣ʡһֹҲн飬оǱߵڱ̶֮̽ı
ҽ֮ĵ̣Щײ
ĴϺ񳾷޼ɵˡ
ΪӵеЩ㹻⡣
ҲΪʲô񳾻ʡýߵٰ硣
ڳһ죬ķͷ׸ǹ֮ǰܵʮٱĻȥ




1628¡ɽ
 

Ӱѳı˵䣬ڸӷˣһӣóЩ֮У˭ǳɽ
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ɽĻǳֲֻĴг˰ɣҼǵи̹ܽٽ־˵ţֻٴηһ¹ڳϡ
ԣǵһЦ־Ҳˣ־ְλͣǾ仰־ݣҲе飬Ͼҿǽ֮󰡣
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Ȼڡ񳾸Ӳ֪ҲӵһƵĵ绰ߵȥ齭Ƶꡣ
ڴ绰˵ϣȥһˡ

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⸸ȴȣɫ糣ҸλʲôҲû˵ɮ붨ʼĿ
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ڣմҶӣִҺѾۻİᣬʲô˼΢ʵ
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޶˶˴ᣬ϶Ӱ쵽̸
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ڵĻ˵úأֻҶûһ¡
ߣ֪书ԲŸţȻڲߣҿ㻹߲ߵˣ
ڷŭ֮£ϳˡ
½ȼйȨƾѹóġ




1629¡
 

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군ˣѾ̲һ졣
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񳾵Ľǳš
ʱһһĹȥ
Լʮ֮󣬰ٶȱ򿪣߽ƷͬСɵ
Լʮңһ˴żԼ˷Ρ˴Ÿŵɽװ
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²Ҿ֣һĵסΪ֮󣬱裬ôˣҾͳǵ㱳ƾʲôҺͽ⣿ûǸʸ񣡡
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1630¡
 

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תͷ俴һۣȻŶ
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벻һаɣʱĶ磬ȥμӵıͶûҿĸ飡




1631¡ңټˣ
 

񳾵һλׯŮӿ
ϹЦʲôʲôЦ𣿡
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֮ͲӦ˵͵ʱƶʡ˼ʶһ£ʲôŻ硣
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ϷʲôãһͲͷ
һսϱأǸҪʲô飬ǿǽ֮Ų¡
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Ӵ㻹ҷüͷ̣ϹҲ޹쿴򷳶ˣ
Ҳéͷٷġ񳾶˵Ȼ⺰ˣéͷҺȥ۵µĹʣԺéͷ̤ҼŵĻҵģ
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һЦҽ֮󣬵֮궼ܰ䣬éͷ̫ˣ
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һˣ͹ˣͻȻͣϢûҵɣӰ彡
룬ֻܰŸéͷһɼ򵥵ĻλϱǮõİá




1632¡еһ
 

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΢ЦΪܲãκ鶼ԲŻԼ©ʲôʵֻ̫ˣİɣĶ磬һԲԲġ
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ŮûлشhĻտ̯ϰЦЦҪȵһɣٵ㡣
УҵšhһݻߵŮһһŰ¡
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ĴŮһտտ̯⡣
һЩ󵨵ԣǰҪ΢š
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˭ó飬Ĳá
УŸñӿ֣ΪԼƯǲǣүϡܾ˵ȴʵʵϵλտտ̯ϰ˵ϵĻøˡ
ȿ󣬷hطѩǲʵıӶơƣĽãݣ
طѩ͹ῴƱڵİݲð΢΢ü
hҡҲȾơӵ˵
hԣ̲סȡЦᣬơƶȣǰͬѧѳȥۻᣬ̫ˣhһڰɣеһζԲԣ




1633¡һʺ
 

Ҿ͡һ㡣þܾοǷhҪ
طѩͨŮӣȻҽ鶼̫ãһȺȾҲǲԣҲûʲôˡ
ͶѾƱٸ߸ߣ
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ɱ
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hЦʲô취أǲʣ֪֪ϣͶӲң᰸òö飬Ͷ棡ΪʲôһͶһ氡
˵仰ЦȫȻʧˣǴһ˿ǻ
طѩ͹hͶӲҵ£Ȼˡ
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ϣԸǿƵˣȡԼҪĶ
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Χտԣȫĳ˼
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㣬Ҳǽг´ο㣬ǡ
ǲʻδ˵꣬ͻȻΧһɧ
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hƾԣƢֱ͸һ֡
ȴΪ⣺ӴƢͦ󣿲ϲСãʲô֣ˣ




1634¡ǲŮ
 

ڵϷ㣬ǲʾҪ绰ֵ߹֮ȴֻˡ
߹ļˣƳΡۡ
Ҳ˯žҹй䣬߷һЩɧֱɧŵľȻǷhǣǱ˹
hãмλãɰ
һ߹Цӯӯ˵
ҺûʽܹأҾۣλƳΡá
߸ŮۣͨѸСȫˡ
ֱŮ·
ۼŮԭĸŮһ£ţҪԼҲܺǼһտǾٻʮ궼ֵá
λŮҲҽһ£⸽֣˶һ磬ûҵţҸ˴һ¾֪ˡһ˵һӴչ
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绰δ˵꣬ͻȻһơƿһң
žĲŸĲҽһ
类ҵһѪ
ΧĿͣȫŵĿɿڴ
˶û뵽ǸɧĵŮֶξȻҲģ
ӰҺǺȾƣ۽жѳһơƿӵϣȻ˵
˼ŻһĨϵѪݺݵĵþƿӣ˭֪ǰɣãһҪڴģ
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hãµ㻹Ҫ֪ӲҿͶİƮƮľͰѻƻطhߡ
hʱ޻˵
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һλŮ˲پƣзhȵ࣬ԽȰԽҪȡ
طѩȾƵģҲƿ
λŮȫģȴû˸ȥš
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ֻ˶ܺ棬žòļλŮΪʲôΪˣ
ĸǸǻǣأ
ˣһаɣ
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ΪŮ˵ۣΪŮ˵˼
ĺǶʮڵŮˣû˭ԸΪ˭ĸӹ
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ǳᰵĶ磬Ҫٰ죬ҲܽģȰ˵ȡ顣
һһɣһġ

ڶ죬ĺãסھƵ88¥ķh򿪴ֻơ
Ϸ죬ȴ⣬ʺϾۻᡢΡ
۹̨ױݵǲʣhҲߵ̨ǰͷ
ڷ䣬طѩѾϴã͵źͷhһȥƵ10¥μϯ
칫˾־һæͣæĲǶ飬ڴһֵĴ鷳
Ķ罫ھƵ10¥ھơ
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̽չﶼ˳鷳ˡ
־ӵϢ˵ҵĻٰ¥ʱĶ11¥Ϊ10¥һҪͳĶһ
һЩԱѾεȵߣ10¥ᣡ
־ԴҪըˣ֪ôźãֻȥʾ




1635¡·
 

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һһģҪ˵ǹϵܺõˣҲˡ
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ᰣ㲻˵
˵ţߵǰýæӰѻͲ쵽м䣬ڴ˵潻档
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˶֪⻰Ƿ˵ġ
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ûֻǵ񳾣˰Ļص11¥ĳ10¥ôϲȡ𣿡
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ķչһʼͲ·
һ⣡
ţĶӵļʾҪš
񳾵õ׵İ뵽Լѹһеĵû




1636¡ڸȫ
 

ܣܣȻǳǾǼסĸ֣ĸֽˣв
仰Ҳζţλܺͽ֮ҳ׽ˣ
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éͷҴ㲻ϷȻȥͶԽԽͿҵһѵͶǿҾ㣬ûУ
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1637¡ϯˣ
 

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仰˵ÿ·ԼǵĿսӢһ緢
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ٴéͷֳһƬȻЩѾ͵͵˵λ
éͷߵָ񳾵㡢Ѫˣ꿹սҾͺ̫үүǰ棬˭˵ûйͣ
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˵ȴ΢΢ҡͷѾ͵˼£
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1638¡ջ
 

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ֻ½ҡҡͷڣ㣬ֽǶĺΪֽĵλԶˣ
ϣóҸȥ齭Ƶ棬˫⣬ǿֽϡ
ΪֽûôسƶʡԺŴҳͷ
û뵽ֽȻ֪ͨ˵統콫Ե
½ǽŲ͵ֽ




1639¡ߣ
 

ֽһ׵ķת
ǽ֮󣬵񳾵̫үү˺ܾˣȵϾֽȨ졣
½Ǿϥ룬֪վһߡ
֮ʮ־㵣Ϊֽڲеĵλٶȣ
ԭΪҽõѹסֽҲֽܺƽƽ
û뵽½ʩĪȫֽĺ
һǣҲ͹˳ֽĿеĵλ
ֽƽʱ϶·æֻйûмҡ
ΪһֽԸⶪϵ£רƶʡ
ɼֽĿеĵλߵʲôز
뵽⡣
ѵңҪһƽݵС
񳾻½˵ҪֽĻɴ۾ץ½ĸ첲ʵ²ڿЦ԰ɣֽܱ˼ĵλ߰ǲ˵Ҫҳ²̫үүķϣһҪң
½Į˦񳾵֣ʲôҲû˵
񳾳׵Ļˡ
ߣ̫үүϣֽѵҪ̫үүϣŲһǹФ
ҳְ࣬Ҳƽ֮ˡ
ڣȡҽ֮ݣҵһͬӴҲ񳾷Щ£ã
ֽĻں񳾸һ
ʱ߳ˣһŮ񳾵δ
ϹôǻǵĻ
˵һ룬պܲԾ
ôں񳾱һ
Ϲʲôˣ
ҵĿһۣ߰ɣԺǽ֮ˣҲȢˣҹ
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㻹ʲôҪ˵𣿡һʣһ߰ȱץˡ
ԹͷȻéͷéϣ֮ǰٰ裬Իȥˡ
éͷ׳˼Щܾ꣬裬ʱǻŭӿߵǰžžžƣ
ȻѾˣȴԳһλսϱø߸
񳾲һ֣ĳ޲Ҹضȥ
ô벻һ죬Լᱻéͷȶ⣡
ֵ֮زʵ̫ˣ
éͷй󣬹˴񳾡
ڣҲҪټŰĴ鷳
ڸ뿪ҵıҲɢ᰿˳ȥֽ
ֽ͹ݣҪӣܲμϯҶæһĿʱ䶼ûС
ԳҲûǡ
޹˵ȫ˳󣬳ᰵĶ磬ڿٰ졣
һλλͷı̵Żû磬Щͻύһʱϯڣ˽̸
ߣɨȫıͣ˭û
ϸĵע⵽һλҪû
зС㣬û
˫û𣿿ʱ°ɡô⣬Ͼ˫Ǽţ϶кܶҪȥ
뵽Լͼ˫Լʱ䶼Ҫˣ˫û֪ͨȥҡ
Ҳ֪λϵһŮǲ˴¡
᰼˫ûҲֻܵ⣬ʵо˫ƺ̫ףͳĻ¡
ֻҪ󲿷ֱͶ룬˳˳ͳɶʽôģһҲҪ
ţ˿Լĸĸĸĸ˺νƣƳһңԼ⼸Ŀصߵĳϣ΢΢¶һ˿Ц⡣
ϲޣͬʱǳڴʽĵ
ҸŮˣäĿᰲûע⵽Լұõ۾Ѫ˿ұõĸĸɫҲеΡ
ͬеεĻг
ȥƳμƳεĸĸãٴȴᰵĶϡ
˵ǲܵġ
ŸĸѾܳǱֶŮʵ
ԼŮģҲû취¡
ͬģƳεĸĸ
ڶУhᵥһ˲μӣٺǵ֯һμӣʦΡһ
ȻطѩƳΡۣλնȫһġ
ֻƳκ۵ĸĸȻٱϽ˳ᰶ顣
طѩļ˾Ͳһˣذ֮ɫһֱôÿ




1640¡ʽʼ
 

ĽʯλˣȿԼŮطѩٿϵĳ˶һۣεҡҡͷ
ţǴƳιʦƳǱǿջЦͬۡ
𵱳Ƴȥ置ޱȶӣֻ̾һ
ǡǡˣذΪһλصĳɹʿͬ˵˵ĻʵѾǳˡ
طѩϹļʾϹ̫ˣʲôã
ڵ֪ᰶǸҹذˤ˼һŶǸŶĽʯģүȴûйԼĶӡ
ֱڣذûԼŮʵѩųͱ˶飿
֣ҡطѩۿģȴһ仰Ҳ˵
ذĵУƣһҪ
֣ǧҲƻĶ磬ˣ
طѩذ˲
ŮǺοأ֪㻹ϲѵᰶ飬Ժ㻹ҪǸ˵СؼҵŮƾʲô˵СȺʲӶƣͷָҸˣ
֣˵ˡطѩС֣Ǽ糺죬ʮֵ߳ܡ
ʵϣȷʵ˵С׼
ֻԼСѡ
طѩһģͬķhۡ
һžʮλطѩһˣһˣȻǵǰĹͷh
ذ˵С֣hʱĵ壬Ϊᰶ飬ǾˣֻҪûʽ飬˾лᣬǿ϶ᵱСģ
hĻذôˡ
֮ǰh͹ٰãذ̫š
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λǣ֪֪Լ˵ʲô
ذҲ˺һſڵhС㣬ŮȥҵŮѵԼȰοЩ˵鰮;ˣʱһã˵ʲôöԶǣǶǼٵģȷѩȥŷѧ꣬࿴Щѧĸ߸˧ʱ϶˳
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ذ죬ֹֻҡҡͷƽҲֻʱš
ͬ۸ĸҲ򸾣ЩΡ
ܹĶݣǵңҵڹ㣬ôҷԳᰶ飿
ΪŮǾˡ
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һ䣬hطѩ뿴
ֻǰ̨һλؿڴë˾ǣŻͲЦݵĿڵ𾴵ĸλֳǣҺãˬƮļڣ⻨ɪĺڻļƵ֤꣬ͬλ˳ᰵҸʱ̣ڣҵףλ˶ϲ
һҵ𣬳ʮ롣
ͣЪ˾ǼЦĵãλ̨ʥĶʽ
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ϯϣĿ˻۶ȥΪ֮˻ϲҲۣó޷ӵģȴǼ˫Ȼ˵Ķ
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᰼񣬵ѡ
˿̣λɽܲõ̬ǳǿҪĶʽκ˵Ŀһ̲⡣
عȡһ¸ߵ޲УУоûɳġ
˾˵ЩƯȻóᰴ϶ָʱͻȻһľը죡
¡¡¡




1641¡ʮһƱ
 

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ҫ۵ĵһ˲ǹƹ⣬ҫ۾
ͻ׵磬ѱһ
ôãƣΪʲôͻȻһף
ҾƵߵĵط

׵󣬺ûˣ·ղŵľֻһþ
ֻгоԾƤ׵һ˲䣬оǿҵĴʹС
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ע⵽ǳڶˡ
ӦòᱻһŵŶԡ
ƽľӦᰣû¡
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ڱһЦ˾ǻͦмǵġ
үſҽָܴǾҽ򿪽ָУָĴָܵϣסǧҪ̫Ŷ¼ʥĻ棡
ᰶ˾ǵĻЦˡ
΢΢ͷ¶ߵģ
һ̵ıɽܲãκʱҪ֡
ϵķhطѩǣȴǿü۶ּ顣
Сȡһöҫ۵䣬ȻһֻסѩỬƣᡢĽᰵָȥ
伴ָһ˲䣬ȫͻȻ󷽴һȵȣҷԳᰳɻ飡
ó϶ͣ᰿ŽָҪϣȴƫƫ֮壬ʱоһգһֺܲԤС
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ֻſڣ߽һ欵Ůӡ
Ůһ޶ʣϾš
ŮһĽŮӲͬ΢΢Ĵ͸¶һ˿⡣
һǡȴ˸оĶˡ
Ůͫײһ˫ôˣ
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Ȼ̨ϻһͬԵıɽŮ
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˭Ҳû뵽֪ҹĽŮȻƻֲµΪ
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ĿɲǺͿŶұ˭Լʲô顣˫ӦȻĿٶת̨ϣЦӯӯĵ߰ɡ
˫᰷ŭ֮£ƺˣҿķϣƽյĻΪ뿪
Ŷܣԭ㻹ǵҰ
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ǲ׼˫ʲô⣬ƽ˵С㣬ľ֮Ҳض౨ΪʲôҪҵĶϣ£
ǵþͺãһ𣬵Ȼԭģʲôԭ߾֪ˡ
˫˵ţҪȥ֣ȴס
ֺ˪ıɽˣ˫ȻһЦܣҿû㷢ǸͶƱ




1642¡ƵҪ
 

˫ͶƱ飬ᰲɵһ롣
˫ͶƱѾˣݣȡ֡
ͬʱλɽܲ뵽˫˵ԼͶƱȨòϲϳֻǿͷϲԸϰɣ
ܣ㷢ͶƱѭ㻹ˣôҲͶƱôȡأ˫ЦĶԴ˼άתü졣
˫ҪͶһƱҲ뵽һȥλϵһŮѵĶİˣ
Ϸ뷨
˫Ȼز¶Ͷû˼һϣǺܿ϶֪˫ϲ
᰿ɲ룬϶˫ϲԲŻ쵽ףѿ
˫֪Գ⣬ͶƱϳϣҵȻͬͶƱȴƫƫȵ죬ƻҺͳĶʽĺܲŮˣ
仰Ѿ˵÷ǳء
ϵˣ޲ͬ˵Ļ
עصڣ˫ľ󲿷˶޷ܡ
˷h
hʵƺҲ˵ڶ׵뷨ϾǱͳ¹סˣͬʱҲǲϣԼͳ֮ĸѷ죬ԲŲ
ȴǳ׵ļ˫һǿУҲν
˿̷hּ֮ɫס̨ϣŷȭĬĬĸ˫͡
ֻ˫ᰵĻ̲סЦһܣ̫ˣϣŮ˶ΧƳתģҾͲǣ㻹ĸλҪᣬߣΪϲ
һȫȻ֮
ϲ飬ǲǸ֡
ϣ۰С㣬Ǳᰵİְ֣֪Ϊ˱ᰵ˶װƻᰵĶʽҪǴģ̨
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뵽ʸ΢΢һͶӻʸһۡ
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ֻǲ˵ȴб˵
λվһӰ̨ȥ
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˿ĿɿڴⶩҪչһ־ˣ
Ƴεİƻûȵ˫ϣͱ˫ץס
Ϊİ֮˵ΣҺαԼ֮٣˫˵
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˫ҪҪ΢һ£һŲ̊
תĿȥȻλŮַh
С㣬֧㣡hһ仰Ŀ࣬ƳΣҲΪʲôҪô˽Ըͳ飬ѵüСͶŷƱ𣿡




1643¡
 

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ϯ϶ʱһƬƬ
Ҫ˰
չͺ򸾣h̨ȰǡȰҲǡ
ʵģԼеǷhϾѡöӺᰶ顣
Ƴαh˵ôסˣһʱƿԡ
˫ɿƳεͬǳ˫߰ɡ
ҡҡͷȻܾͼ˫һ֮ȶԲᰣҲԲĸһԲμڶ͡
᰺˫ĻӦ˵С㣬˼Ҳˣ˵һ飬뿪
˫һЦȻͳһҡҡͷ
ܣʵʵ˵Ķ磬㷢ͶƱ죬עʧܣ
밮ӵ㣬Լ˽ǿóĺͶƱյĽҲǿɣνǿŤĹϲ˽˴ĽҲ٣ҳֹĽҲǱȻġ
˼˵ʲôֻ֪Һͳգ˭Ҳֹˣ̧߰ͷ­ǼǿıɽɢֻоΧ··½˺üȡ
ڵĺתıʸ
վΧ˾ǡhƳζоɺ
Ǽ˫ɢĺȴ治ɫ첢գǳӦ֮գǿ
˵ţ˫ĿͶ޴ش⡣
Ŀ⣬һ⿴ȥ
ֻһͬ߰׵磡
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׵翴ƼԶʱȴҫ۵ĵٴΰѱһ
ͬʱÿĶޱȵľ棬Ϊʲô˫ǿ⣬һ׵£
ģ͹£
һθоƤǿҵĴʹУԽԽǿңüͷ
³촰µ׵磬Ĳ˺ܲõĸо
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ͨȴȫоʲôֻºһ糣Ҳ˵׵ֻǺȻ
С㣬㵽˵ʲôֻǺ׵ѣαװŪᰲ޵ʵ
˫˵ͻȻ̾һܣЩ£ǲ˵ģ֮ͳܶ飬ߣԾȡ
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λŮʦĶ֮оֹ޲΢
䵱˫׼ڶ׵ʱҪ󲢲ǻģ϶ĳֱضҪߵɡ
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˶ţǧü˫˵ȥ⻹пܱı䡣
С㣬ٲߣҪаˣأصĽ
Ƴץס˫ֱ̨ۣ֣ȴhץס
hһļ֮ɫС㣬㲻ܸϼСߣ
㣡Ƴٴαץס֣һǱһȾƵķhץסʱΣС㣬ѵ㲻Ϊ𣿽Ĵϲ֮հ
ҾüС˵öԣǿŤĹϲͳ飬ֻרвųɹģԽ켧С飬һֱӦѵ𣿡
hĻԽ˵ԽأϯϵıͶⳡ磬ԽԽˡ
ܰѼ˫ߣҲԲԲİ硣
hＧ˫סƳΣ̨ϵĳֱ˼˫ᰵĽ档
ۼ᰾ҪƵ갲ˣ˫ټ˵ܣҲóԼʳԸԸߣ
ȻԸ⣡Ҳ룬ѿڶ
⣬
ղžѡˣһ˫ѿŵһһޱĶʽ
ΣᰶΪӦ˫뿪
˫ȴᰵĻ˵Ȼô϶һֺη
ãС㣬һȡ֣˪Ŀ˼˫һۣȻĿת㲻ܸߵģԲԣ
ҡĴӦԼ˵ڡ
᰷һΪʲôͻȻ֮ԥˣ
ֻҪһܼ򵥺׵Ĵ𰸶ѡ
ǵûи϶Ļش𣬶һ˫С㣬ҪҸҲԣܸܲһŷɣ
ܡ˫ɴľܾˣҪ˵ŷɣƾҾһѵ𣿡
仰һЦ
λϵһŮΪʲôƫƫҪأ




1644¡ȫ
 

᰸ǲţĻҪ˫ߵ˼ˣֻȱһɡ
뱨Сľ֮ǴӦңٽҪɶʽסһֻ֣˫˵
ᰣģҾԻɶĳŵ
ᰵƱȻԼ˫˵С㣬ҵľˣΪôҶͼƽϣֻջҪ󣬿𣿡
ҴӽƶΪ˴ߣϧĵǷҵ飬Ӧòǵнͷ֮ϣ˭һϢ㡣˫ĻҲԽ˵ԽûЦ⣬ΨгԽľ
ٴοЦ˫þ֮Ҫ첻ᰶ飡
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ٿϵĸĸȫҡͷȰҪ˫ߡ
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ԼˣĸûģҲôǰӡ
ۿȥıͣϣԶΪأ˶Ϊ롣
Ϊֱ֣Ըֱʣ˵ҲǷǳֱֵܣΪˣ㲻ֳ뿪Ϊֵ㣡
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˵縺Ÿĸ󡢺ѡֵܵˣĸԴָ뷨
ȫֻоʮʼ޷
ʱ˺νվԳĿѵСһˣʲôԥģ˾֪㲻֮ˣ˼ҵľ֮պٱϣʲôҪ飬ȵϻ£οش󣬸ĸԸϣܺܳɻ飬ѵ㲻Ը𣿡
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νƼ״ֵ㲻˵裬ܵĽǶϽΪƶʡҵŮʣڶϣһŮˣԺôȥˣֻôⳡ磿ʱúõһԵֻᱻ˵һЦСúɣ
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вٵ¹ǿҵˣ̲ס˫ΪŮˡ
С㣬֪ƻ˻ڹŴҪģ
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С㣬ǰһǴͳҳû뵽Ǻ꾫תүҪˣ
Щ̶ѿ˫Ȼ治ɫ
ʱ˿ֻ̣ڳһϡ
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Ҫ
¡°
˶ڳ˫ġ޳ܡΪһЩȴǳɻΪʲô㿪ȴɼ˫
Ҳģȫ޷⡣
ʵŵ˱ǡ֪˫Ҫʱ֪˫ǹԼΪûжܡ
˫֮ͻȻʵͼ
ֻ˫޵ĺ촽ڳϣ˵˼Ļ֮Ѹ˿ˡ
꼧˫Ķһ䣬ǿпԼ
˿̣û֪һκˡ
һѿڵᰣԲҾ˫ߡ
һ仰ȫը
˫¸ֵЦ⣬סһֻƣҪ뿪
ſҽ
ҽߣ
ˣҪʲô
ϯŭ֮
˴㵵ķ֣Ȼɼ˫ǣ֣ƺҪ˫ȥ
˫ֻ߳벽͸оͣ
һˣֻᰴӺסһֻ֡




1645¡Ҫ
 

Ϊʲôһɡ仰ÿһ֣΢΢
˫ۣѾ˺һ̣ͻ
᰻Ӳסˣûеᡣ
ᣬζŽԼ˫һͿء
ԸԼͶƱǴġ
ҲԸϽⳡ磬ǿĽ
ȴ޷ŵѡ
ᰣܱǸ޷ɡۺᰣǳۣȴ޿κΡ
߲ɡ
һ˲䣬Լͳֹ̹ĵĻ䡣
ǰܳʲôٶǸˡ
ζⲻˡ
ϾͳĶʽ
ʲô£ȱ˴˵»ҪҪ
ǳȻ˾ҲѶϵŮˣ֪ԼҲýܡ
Լͳһλᡣ
ԸţһĽ͡
˿̣ΨһСС˽Ըпһϡ
ҪߣҲֹ㡣
ܲܰѶָҵָϣĳŵߣ
ҧź촽Σûһۡ
ȷʵŵܷʲô£춼һҪѶָᰵָϡ
ֻǵ𶩻ָʱȴ˫˵㲻ܸᰴָ
˫̫ˣƳһѪɫ
̫ŭŻһ˲Ѫӿ
תͷ˫ɬĵҪ𣿡
ˡ˫һ˿С
á
ջؽָᰵ֣չֳжرľġ
˫һҪȫ쵽ˡ
Ϊ˫ղŵĶҲò졣
Ķ˫ɿ֣Ÿ߸Ьͥɢ̨ͷҲصſȥ
аٷְٵţ
Ҳȷʵ
һ·ϣĸݳֵܵȰ˵ȴεЩԽԽʹ
̶̵һ··˺ܾúܾá
ڣͼ˫һ߳
Ϊ˿ϼ飬֪Ȱ費ˡ
ĸĸ
̨ϵᰣһʧվţһ̣оԼԴǿյģҲյģԭҸۣȫˡ
㣿ƳĹͷܻʲôԤϵ߹סᰵ֡
㣬û°ɣҪҡ
Ƴ᰻ûлӦ
ĩˣۣͻȻһξӨ顣
λСûô޹ıɽܲãڻǿƲסԼᡣ
鼴ӹ⻬ϻʱͻȻ֣ӵġ
ͷһۣĮ˵Ϊһᡣ
㣬ǧ˵
Ƴһ̻ˣᰵ˼ƺͳѣ⽫Ǳȶ类ƻӲҵ顣
ҲԼĿԣܿһ͵ġ
ҡҡͷһЦȴһ˿Ц⡣
ָô򵥵飬ʲô˵أ
仰Ƴһʱ
ȷʵ˵ָһʱ䶼ãΪʲô
ҽ˫һ仰Ͳᰴָа֮ĸ鵱һ
£Ƴζ֪ΰοǺˣԼⲻ˳
̨ͬϵķhȴӿһ˿⣬Ȼȥοĸĸ
ͣλȫǳΡ
ƣǺȲˡ
ҽӦҲûзĿܡ
Ǵƺʧȥ塣
ʱ컪վλѣ벻Ҫй¶ȥҽĳԣ
ⳡĽ֣ܶԳǶᰵɼӰ죬Ӱ쵽ϼŵĹƱ˾Բȥ
ʸҲվ϶дҪλҪԽͼӴףҪǱһʸ˭й¶ϢһʸۿɾͲˡ
λеľ棬ǵȻҲӡ
ʵϾ㽯컪ͻʸ۲˵Ҳؿƿ
Ͼ֮ĳȨƣװ⵹
ҰѶʧܵй¶ȥ
һʢĶ磬εĻ
ۿ칫˾־ЦһλλͳƳСʵ㣬Ҫ绰ͼ˫ȥˣ
ûҪ˵仰̨
ĸĸۺͷ赾æӭ˹
ᰣ̫ˣӦֻǡֻһʱ벻




1646¡ʧ֪Ǹ
 

ţ֪᰺ܷܵӦȻĸĸ塢ΰ̣ǻȥɣ
չһᰶǵĳƺˣǰ˸ϣԵ
᰹ŮǼСԲ㰡ĨǸȻ˵϶пԵģʹ绰
ˣΰ̣ҲҪʲôͣɣҶȥϢ
ƺԸ˵ʲô仰˵ſȥ
չ򸾡۷򸾿һʱ䲻֪ΰοǺá
룬ûǸϽӴ绰á
СôôͿǸСˣ᰹Ů绰һͨĸ׵ݺǳ
绰ͷζ裬ԲвòСߵɣɣʱ˵ҺͼС׼ɻȥˣʲôٴ
ӡӣû뵽ôҶϵ绰Իա
չ̾񣬾СȥɣǶС˽⣬ѵ֪᲻֮ԼĿԣˡ
ҾǵǸ˫ССʲôõ鰡Ǹȫ׽͸ĽŮľûɵĵ
ΣС㶼ȹǶһֻżСƻľٶΪСá
Ȼչ˵̲סġ
̣Ҿ˵úܶԣС϶ǻˣҲһԵķhЦڵ
ӻ飬һҲġ
h鰲οԼҶλǶпǷ˼ĵhҪ˵ľͺˣСӻ飬Ҳ֪ǻǸ
ʧ֪ǸǻǸ˭֪أhһЦȻԶ˵塢̣ǻؼҰɡ
Ƕ಻˼hǴǣôæ
ѽʲôϵhǵδϱ
h˵ţסߣĻöһȻ

ƶʡᣬƻ
ϵķɻƱʧ״̬
û뵽Լǰһں᰾жʽһȴƶʡеʡеĻƱ
ò˵ļ˲Ϣ䡣
ƻġסԱЦӯӯֻ
˫ϣ˵ĻΣҡ
Ҫɱľô˫תĲһϷʵЦݡ
һȻ¶һĨЦƻҵĶ磬˼Цң֪֪һߣģҵĸĸôѡ
ִǣ̫ˡ
˫ҡҡͷͻȻ
ҳڴ˵塣
ҲףΪʲôһͻȻ٣üͷ
˫ҪͣͻȻѵǻĹ㲥˳ļͷһ£ȵǻ˵
㻹ͻȻı⣬ϷɻôеЦãʵʵȥŶӵǻ
˷ɻ֮˰һ˿Ϳһµӡ
ֻż˫ϴĵ㣬ȴ˼롣
ˣ˵ˣΪʲô˵Ҳ뿪Ầҵѣּȵʵ
ʱ˫˵Ļ֮ޱ𾪣Ϊ˫˵Ƶףǰצۺͬһס
ʱϯϵѡ
ó׵ĸı⣬˫ߡ
Ϊ˫֪ǰצۺμӷǷ顣
֪Ҳܶһ׵飬֪ô
ںɫսЩȴø׾һ
ֱ죬ٰ충ľƵףʱоԼƤǿҵĴʹзǳϤ
˫ĶѣƵףΣոоצۺϵķǳ
ó÷ǳ˼ˡ
ѵףҴңԶצۺƶʡ
飬Ѳͨˡ֮µĳ÷ǳ档
Ȳ˫ν͡
˵׽٣𣿡˫ʵ
Ҳ̻ش𣺡ܣҵΪﲻ׽ٵĵز
ɾʹˡ˫һЦΪˣȴԶͨʿҪö̶࣬һʱ䣬ͻͽʵ֮٣˵ײ˭
Ǻǣ㲻ڸҿЦɣе
ٶǺӦòھҪν׽١
ȻǿЦġ




1647¡
 

˫˵˫ֱĶס۾һԵ渵
ȻҲ޵֮ˣҲ֪汾УʱھͻƣԶŴʿٶȣ׽Ҳ
ǰΪռһԣʾ㽫ںƷ籩ʱҾͲضĳΥȻɡೣʶľֹŻס
֮ΪҪ֮£ȴû뵽ֱ䣬Ȼܹһ׽٣ҷǳ⡣
Ǳܽٲƽ٣Ȼ㣬Ҳ׼ʱ䣬ƶʡ㡣
еĲһһ
û뵽˫ռȻô׼
צۺһսȷʵΥľٶǾǶϱؽӣ
ȻҲ缧˫˵Ƿ˺ڷһס
һжͼ˫ȫ
˫ԭƽٵ𣿡ʵ
Ұﲻ㣬֮ԽΪ̫ô򵥡
˫ҡҡͷ
٣ųʱڱüǿͲȶ˵еΪ٣һ
ų΢΢Իô˫ᵽһܲŵĴʡ
û壬Դųųǿѧǻδо׵ǳء
ҿԿ϶ųϢϢأԽڴųԽǿ󡣡
ǻĵǿ˺һʵ˵ҪУڴųųﵽ߶Эĵزؾ㣬أȻںһҲνĳˡ
ųǷǳµĶʿУڵĴųԽԽǿ󣬵ȴ޷ųЭǱУųķųҪһ㲻Э㽵´ǿҴųףν׽١
˫һͨˣĶô˻ࡣʮȤ
ǰûʹųϵһ顣
˫ȴ˵ɷ¡
š˫˵ţͻȻʵķʵͨʿȫһһֶɣ
˵ڵһ
ȷʵͨʿȫͬͨʿķҪǿ̫ˡ
ǵģܲ㵽Ϣ쳣ǿҲΪʲô㻹ûɽٵļȴס
ÿսͻɢǳǿʱ򣬽׵ĸʻ󡣡
˼˫Ľͣ뵽һ⣺ҽٰ충磬ϢΪʲôף
漰ˡ
˫͵
Ϊ֮⣬һ١ƽ
һ٣ϸ˵Ҳ֪ʲô˼
Դȥ꿪ʼһ֪ŮӣһǶ֣Դס
һٱ֮Ӧ˴˽٣ΪԸ鴦
˵ѡͱᰶ飬ǴģЦ
˫˵ͷȻǴģˮǧֻȡһưһ˶飬ȴŮӵģǵִڴų仯Ĵų๴ĴųøӻΣҲʹһ٣㵱ʱᰴ϶ָɶʽһٳױĺڴų˲쳣Ĵųһ𣬾ͺܹܿף
Ҳųй𣿡Цá
˫һҲЦ˵Ȼѵû˵Ӧߵʵокܶӣĳ˵˳£Ǹ˻ûõϢͻͻȻоʮֱʹֻһ˫̥һ˳ǿ仯һҲӦһжصĴųйء
У˵ȥɣһƽʲôȻŽɣǾ˫˵ꡣ
Ͼ˫ǰռ÷ǳ׼ȷ˵ռʽͺʹųйء
ƽ٣һˡ̫á̫ˣ˳ÿÿһ£ǡǿ׵Դ죬ɾ͵Ķ㡣
˫˵ţˣ̫ãҲ
֪ʷкܶȨơѸٴﵽ۷Ĵһҹ֮ͻȻΪǷƽ٣νӯлڣһ˵̫ǿڴųҲ˷仯ǿܹӰ쵽Χ˺ͻʱ׶С˺֪ƽ٣עܳ
Ϊ١һ١ƽ٣뷢ʮľ棬޷ıųôߵףڲڵ¼ͻƣǵԼƲ˽٣дųˣĸĸաѣܻ
˫˵أɫҲ
Լ˫Ļ˴룬ΨһʣҲ֮ѿڶҸƽ٣




1648¡ע
 

˫ҡҡͷ˵֣Ʋˡ
Ʋˣ
˫˵࣬ɫһ䡣
λҶС㣬ԲڸЦ
Ҳ˵עҪ֮£
˫Ȼ˵Ʋңʲôã
ȻãƲ˽ΪΪûﵽ˺һľ磬ŽЩһյĽа취ܹȥ
˫ų۾˵
㣬ǽαܽ١
˵仰¶һĨЦ⡣
ʵ˵ĻҸûĵǷҵ飬پһء
˵˵Ҹαٰܽɣڲûоż˫Ļ
˫ûƭȷʵǷ˫ֹһ
Ϊ˫ڰ٣ӾĸĸᰡhȺգԼϵ׽ѡ
˶£Ըһ
˫ͼ޷ɹǾһ˵ˡ
ųڴ񣬼˫ͻȻ̾һ
Ҳ֪ΰܽ١
ʲô˼˫üһ
˵ʱ棬ʱԣʱͷԣֲ١
ոճΪбܽٶԲߣԲǰƶ顣
ȴ˵֪ΰܽ٣
ЦɾͿˡ
ȱ˵˫ĶȻڻ֪ΰܽ٣ҲˣǼҿǻǧһҰҴȥǼ壬ۿҰαܽٵĽȻҵĲһЩģʱصռϣ⡣
˼˵ռұ˵壬ܳɹ˳ż˫ʵ
˫΢΢ףô˵˽ϼң֪ˡ
룬Ҳٶʣɻϲܴ绰ͽӵ绰ֻǿԼʱȥӶ뿪ʲôغ
ᰣұܽٳɹٺúø͡
ĬĬţȴ˫ͻȻֵˣڿʼκʶ׽ϵǼ桢绰΢ţжһϵ
һҪ𣿡üʵ
·ɻ󣬲ܴ绰᰻߸ĸðİ
ȻΪأɻûУ˫峺ٴ¶Խľɫ㣬ðűشųĺ뵱ʱڶϣᰴ϶ָһͬʱףԼ޷ԱֳĸĸôգҪͣɶҪ֮£Ҳǰٷְٵģֻһʣȥ𣿡
꼧˫ⷬòϣԼȷʵҶġ
ʱͻǸ˫ˡ
ΪҶģҪϽָ߶ľܾ
צۺϵףʵֻѷһĺڷƷҹڻӲףֻһǾǻҷ
ҳû뵽ǣϷɻǵ
£Լ˫Ļȷˡ
˫ðΣߣ治ȡ֣ھᰡж˵
Ⲣǿŵ˵Ȼ˫ûаٷְ˵һףɳôô˵ȥأ
ˡ֮ͨ󣬳˫Ļڱܹ֮ǰҲٺκʶϵֻǼ˫ιΪֵزϧԼ
һʼΪ˫ƶʡҪ֮
ϾϵһŮһʼӽͱһĿԺ͹ԡ
ɲΪ˫ͻȻ˽ԸΪ
ʣ˫ǹһĨЦ֪ǰǼҼλռ弴޷⣬ҼΪǧңܾܿʹҲŲϧһѰƽֻ֮Ǻóһʱڶһֱ㣬ҿĵһۣһָӦΨһܹǼһˡ
ϸ˵һ׵ģҰܽ٣Ǽƽ٣ǼˣѾһ𡣡
Ǽô͵ִôȫʲô⡣
˫һɫøӿɬˣִŸգǻδռʲôҪõҲΪʲô˵ͼҵġ֮˼ңҴ㿴һͻ֣ᷢһжעǵ㶩ʧܺǼ׽٣ǱȻġ




1649¡
 

˫˵ׯأɵøоһξ޴ѹ
ȷʵ缧˫˵һ̫˳ˣΣգնܷ׻
˱һԼһСƽһеʱ򣬲Σյʱ̡
ûм˫ѣ֪ݽ֮Уպܾܿͻ۷Ȼ䣬ͬǻߣ貶ĿҲ
Сʱ
ͼ˫˷ɻܿǡ
Ǹ˾ӿֿȡ
ĿͶ򳵴֮⣬Žϵľɫʵȴ¡
ֻѾػˣжٸδӵ绰δϢûд򿪲鿴˭߷ġ
ͬʱ˫ֻҲʶˣ˺ܶ绰
˫ϵֻ֣˷hһˣ˶õģڽߺƽҲ˾棬óʶȫҪ򽫻ֲԤϵĺ
˫Ļظѷhסˡ
Ҷֻ֪м˫һˣ׼С
Ƕü˫һܲ׼ŮӣΪ˳İΣ˶׳ԲӼ˫ľ棬ᵼʲô
һ·ԼһСʱ󣬼ұˡ
ͳӡеĴ˼ұͬҵıһϵζСˮ̨ͤ¥һ߽ȥ̸оһɹŵϢ
Сˣ˵һ˿ŷ硣
һûˣȫۼ
˫ų뼧Ҵá
λҰѳˡ
˫λ˵ΨһǼƽˣ£ٵĳǺͼ˫µүС㣬ȫĴ
ʵϣ˵ƶҽĴ
ֻǼˣֳȴеĻҪᣬǾʮֵĲ˼顣
һˣ̺ǿܰǼһ
ҳǰŰɣСȫȻš
ɫƽվԭأû˵ʲôֻ΢ɨһۣüҹȻǧһңŮ٣һ˿صʡ
Ҫ˵˿صʲôžǺִ˲һĹŵϢ
֮ǰʹӼ˫˽£˲ֻ˾ͨϡɣˮƽͬ
ʦƷΪƣ˫ʦֻˣ˼˫⣬˻ĳ
󲮣ҴǼһ׽٣ͬʱҲҪռΪαܽ
˫ڴ׵˵
Ȼ㽫Ϥ˵˳
һ˵ɫ
Ϊ١һ١ƽ٣Ȼܻͬһϡ
ˣ񻹻úúõģûӦٶʵ޷⡣
ֱߣһļָ꣬һ׼ճࡢݡһ½ڵơ
ͻȻ䣬׵ļ˫󲮺ֹģԲ㲻˳
λߵһȣϽɿָͷȥ
ȫмģǼһ츳ߵļ֮һˮƽڼ˫֮£ʦֻһ֮ң
˫Ĵ󲮡ҲǼҼãȻʮ־档
ԼĵˮƽҲ㲻ľǶʱڵƣӦûġ
˲֮£ó͵ҶΪռղҪǲȥʮʮϣǲԼ£
ķǳ죬ҵʦռȻԼԪ
Ǽ˫ϴһʱռķλǡ
뵽˼˫һۡ
ֻ˫΢΢һЦʲôҲû˵
󲮣˵ô𣿡Իе㲻
ȻϾֻǸͨˣʲô㲻õġ
ģ֪ηʱĻʱٸЩСúÿһռԪˡ˵ţòԵ˵˼Цˣȱ裬̸һ»¡
ȲͲˣұܽٻǼһ٣صĴ£̿ʼռֱ˵ĻӦ
΢΢һȻʲô˫
󲮣ȴȥݿѼʦٻɣǺռ
ã֪ͨǣ˫Ҳż»ôӳ顭
δ˵꣬ͱ˫ϵôӳˣѾ˾ȥݰɡ




1650¡ݻ
 

˫ųȥò̾һ˫⺢ӡ
󲮣˫ҪٻȫʦռѵҪٲһμˣĽŶֹĵʵ
ˣźͬ
ĵռʦ˵һǳΣյ飬һø˫һ£ǧӢš
ᵽָ֣֮︡ɫ
˵أĸӵˣ󲮣ǻûȷǸǲΨһܰǼƽٵأô˫㻹мʦռأѾʧȥ㣬ʧȥ˫ˣ
ϰٺˣ츳ߵľǼ˫
һȫǳؼ˫ϣκ顣
Сǵ飬ֻ̾ǷܰǼƽ٣ȷʵûеף˫ǼһˣҲֻˣȥԼɣɱȥݴ˫ͳ
ǣ
һڼС˳ãֻ³¡

ݣͼ˫վһ֮ǰʧ
˿̣ķǳ𾪣Ϊʲôݹ񣬺ô
ر񣬶
ֻһˮīȴճѱаȿʣһ
ͬа۳ƺųǰչֳһ
ã̲סʵ˫⻭˭Ϊʲôᱻǹ
⻭ϵˣǼҵʦү
˫Ļشóӵľ档
ҵʦүһǧǰΪʲôʮأ
ҳ۾ִ
ڤڤ֮вԼͻ֮˷ǳĸо
һ̣ĸֳ½Ĳ룬ܿ춼ѹȥ
ʦүʲôỹͬɣһЦĿʵ
˫΢΢ҡͷҲ֪ʦү֣Ǽô棬Ҳ֪ͬ
ѵʦүǺһռ𣿡ԽԽǺ档
ǡ
˫Ľ͵ǧǰʦүҵҼ棬֮ʦүʧӰ٣ҵҲǴഫŻһúʦү
ô˵ϵˣ˵ʦүӡҲǣǽϵĻ϶ǧǰġ
Ҳ˵˫ĵһλ棬ͨͷеļʦүģ
ֱˮī֣ȲŽһλ
ѵ㲻ΪʲôǼҵʦүô˵Ϣʣ޼
˫˵ţһ˫ֱֱĶų·ҪӳϿʲô
ҵȻ֣ǵʦүǧǰܺκιϵ˵ȴʼ˼ǲйˡ
ܿץסһܹؼĵ㡣
ֻǻҪȷһ¡
˫һʼҲģһǲԸԼĸоƾҵУҷǳ϶ʦүضĳ֮ͨһ֮ͨҲΨһܰǼƽٵˡ
𣿡˫˵˿϶ܲһ»񣿡
ȻԣҪ㡣˫ˬĴӦˡ
ǳƹǰһֻ֣ĸһ»ı档
һƤ·𴥵һһ£Ǽ仭Ʈɢһ㵭Ļҳ
ôˣ˫Դŵʵ
˵öԡ
һ˼֮ɫתͷ
ǵʦүȷʵĳ֮ͨ
ΪʲôͻȻӦΪһ˲䣬одһɷǳǳϤϢ
ϢȻļ޷׽ٷ֮һٵȷϢڵһģһ
⵽ô£
Ĳ
Ҳ޷ֵˡ
оʲô˫е㷢ĺ֪ǼʦүĹ˵˵˵ռһЩ
˵һ£ǵʦү˽٣֪Ĺƽûʷأʳ⡣
˫ȴҡҡͷʦүƽһ֪ûмʷأʷҲûйʦүļ¼ֻ֪ʦүֹͨԼ㣬ͺսʱڵĹһͨ쳹أǻ׿ʦүǹӡ
Ȼ˫Ļشû˵ʦүľƽķԽԽˡ
ѵ˵ѵ˵
ûĲ²ǣʦүܿǴڸһҽľаҽ




1651¡ٶʮ
 

Ĳ²⣬óȭͷһԼ
ΪԼĲ²⣬Ǻ޵ġ
ϾϵϢ޶¡
λаҽǰģ˭
ֻаҽûй֪ʶ
Խֲһµ⣬ѵаҽǰֻڸ˼ң
Ȼ˵ҲչӵĹʮаҽɽ汾Ʋ⣬ӺܿҲаҽǰһӡ
˫ǵʦүܿܺкԨԴֻԨԴ漰أ޷˵ֻ̫ܸ㣬ǵʦүпҲҵʦү
һ䣬˫ʱһ˫ɵôġ
˵ʲô
ԼĶ
Ŀǣǳ϶òḻ롣
˵ʦ㣿ʦүڸͨҽʽڸһҽĻҽ񣬻ϵϢҵһμ͸оϤһȫ͵ͨˣ
ȱô϶
˵ţǽϵĻһۡ
Ҳһֻɺ϶ѣҾͬһʦүԤʾʲôλǰ϶Ͳˡ
ɺϣ
˫֮ķ񶨵
ԻһһĪǰ򡣡
Ϊһ̣ע˺һУ϶ʦүΪǼһ٣ĻҾ͸ҪȰ峤ռ
ô˵úռһ鷳Σյ飿ʵ
˫صĵͷɫʱ˵ԶԶģҪռ
һ㣬֮ǰ˵ռĶԽǿʦˮƽͱԽߣĵľҲԽ
ڵ㣬еʱǿˣҽҲҪռƣҪٴռǼҵһ֮ˣԱ뼯ȫʦֻһռܻܿ
ôأţüͷô˵ĻռҲһռɹɣ
ǵġ˫˵ʵռǼˣѵġ
ʦܹһˣ
ԬġƱͼġǬ衷µġձ衷ġǰΡΪ
º켶ʦǿһ˶㣬ƴֻﵽؼʦˮƽԬ磬ͱ㡣
ǵˮƽ˽ú
ڼ˫ᵽЩʷˣʷ¡
Ȼһ˵ˮƽһ֮ˣȷʵ
ֻʦһִѾû䣬ֻʣ¼һ֧ˮƽҲֻܴﵽˣǾܵġ
ǼʦռˣӦûʲô⣬ֻҴǿܲ״Ӧҡ˵˫̲ס̾һ
ѾŲµóΪʲô̾ˡ
ղ˵ռ˻ʦԪǲռԽǿԪԽࣿ
Ȼ³ˡ˫һЦûһ⣬νй¶Ϊʦȴһй¶ȻҪүջԪҽ㼧⣬Ҳм츳һǶռƣԪľʮˡ
ʮˣʦԪҲ̫ˣһ뵽һλᡢ绪ïŮӣΪռӢţ;ʮֵϧ
ҽΪ˼ˣһ͵͵ǿռߵô硣˫˼˸С
ôһ˵ȴĻΣ˫ҺܸмϴΪռͬʱҲ˵һԲһΣӦ˲Ԫɣ
˫ĬĬľָ
ꣿе㲻š
תһҲǣ˫ռĶϾֻһˣ塣
ʮꡣ˫ƽ˵֡
һʱ䣬סˡ
λϵһŮΪ˾ȻԸԼʮ
˵ȹŴҪһЩ󲿷˶ܻ˾ʮꡣ
Ͱһ㣬ʮȥҲùˡ
Ǽ˫һ˶ʮҲζţܿʮҾҪȥ
˳ԵúáúãֻҪûûʮ궼ȫˣĳȥɻ¡
ϳȥ濴Щ㳡Ĵ裬һʮϡ
˫ҪʮȥĻ̫ˣ
뵽һۣΡ
Բ˶ʮΪֵزΪʮֿж˵




1652¡˫ľ
 

˫һЦƺȫںԼʮֻҪӦҼ廯ٶʮ꣬ҲֵˣҸ˵˺ͼȣʲô
ҪռǡΪ˫
˫Ҫռģ֮⣬Լˡ
ܻܿԪ
³ܹ⣬Ϊʲô˫˵ҪȰ˵ͬռǳѡ
ֽܳҶԹ޻ڡ˫˵úܾȻֻҪü崫ȥһжֵõģҳ콵֮ˣδҪΪǻĵΣҸӦðαܽ١
ǵʦүҵһ仰ΪʦֻмӦػҡ£ΪռˣлΪ˵еࡣ
ʦүһλǻ֮ˡ˫ôһ˵־ϴаҽͼҵʦүˡ
ΪаҽңӦò˵ҪػҹֻŶԡ
߰ɣǻȥãҴӦðȫʦлˡ˫˵ţת߳ſڡ
һͿվʮҵһɫеŹ֡
վ˫˵䣬Ϊһһʦɢ
ʮˣʱе㲻˵
˹վ˳ǸղƵļġ
˫㣬ȷΨһܰǼһٵ𣿡
Ȼ˫һ֪ЩֵͬܽҸһСʾɣѵóʦүƣ
ˣҲ̷񶨡
ˮƽ缧˫Ȼûõڤڤ֮һ˿Ӧ
˿ݵĻ񣬶Ϊ֮˺ͳơ
˫㣬ϴΪռѾ˲ԪȻû˵٣֪϶ʮϣ
ҪΪռĻǾֵ̫ˣϾһܰǼһٰ
ĵĻõڳȫ˵ͬ
Щˣ׷Ȱ˵˫Ҫ嶯
˫ֻҡҡͷȻҲȷһܰǼһ٣ֻҪаٷ֮һĳɹʣҾͻȥռǲ׽ڤڤ֮һ˭˵Լÿأ
ǡ
Ļ˵Щʲô˫Ļģ㲻˵ˣѾ
һ䣬Ŵȣȥ
ͼ˫½ãֻߵ̫ʦϣλ̬ߡ
λߣϣ֪ʵ䲢ûôϡ
϶ΪռԪ»
˫ȥȷϹ𣿡һ˫þͷǳеʵ
˫˵ͷǵģ󲮣֮ǰ˵һǵʦүĪԨԴԼҲȷһ㣬ԳˣעǼҹһ𡣡
ˣΨоһˡ仰˵Щˣ˶ֵ˫㻹ᣬͲҪһռ˰ɣ
󲮣Ѿˣ㲻Ȱ˵ңǼʦ֮иİͼҵˡ
⺢ӣΪ˼壬̫ˣ̾Ϣһ
˫һĵȻǼ棬һ£Ǽ֮ܳΪΪǧҵԭ򡣡
ĻüԼĸλҳ޷
缧˫˵Ŭˣüһδʷбѡͺʹ󲿷һʧʷ֮С
ãȻ˫¶ģҲųƽ֮ˣǾýռʱ
˵ţóһռõĹͭǮԶصַڰϣȻָѸ
ÿʱһ̣˫ѿڶʱһǺռ
˫־ˣָ㷨ñҿ졣ЦǺǵĳ޵
뵽һţȴҪΪ˼Ԫһʹ
ϣԷʢ˳
󣬼˫طΪռ׼
ͥԺɢߵϼʧҲ֮
ʱͥԺȹսǣ˼ˣΪһͬ츳ڵļġ
㲻˫ӢţͳǼҳʱ䣬뿪ǼҡߵǰܲĿڵ
Ҳ뿪
Ȼܾ
ǶѧģѵΪԼļ룿
ǾΪ˼룬Żϣ뿪Ϊ˫ǼδĵĻԽ˵Խأһ˿˫϶ƽ֮ˣʦүĻԻ󣬷ʦĴɣǾΪΪһǼйһĴˣ




1653¡ûʸ
 

Ǽ˫ʦүԻ󣬶ˮƽ̫ͣѡ˵ҡҡͷ
˵ʲôĶʱ߳ŭһУȻҴԲѵ˵ˮƽ̫֪ͣҼڼһУˮƽ˫һ֮¡
Σ㲻ʦˮƽεĻƼʦʲôʸѾﵽˮƽʦЦӦ
㣡
ı仰˵һʱ䣬֪η
Ȼɼ˫ҪǱ֪϶ܵһͨ
ֻΪһس˫㣬ѳ϶Ϊƽ֮ˣó˼һĵӡ
˵Ȼϣ˫ΪԪľ
Գ⣬ΪʲôĴһȺˡ
һˣûʸƲң㲻֪ѾͻˣֻҪҳɹռһΣռĶôҾܽΪʦ
仰˵÷ǳš
һʮ߰к˵ĸ磬Ҫóռɣɹռƣô˫Ͳóˡ
÷ǰһ
ȷʵ˵ܽٵķó뿪ңô˫ҲͲΪԪˣνһá
˵֣Ұһơ
ľȻƣΪ֮һЦ㻹ΪԼСɣҲƣԪġ
δ̫߿Լ˳İȻдһ˿мֲʲôӸλ֮ˣֻһƽҽѣƣҸԪ
֪ʡһλԱǼҲƣҸλʡԱģʱҺռɹλʡԱȣʲô
ȷҪ㣿˵ţٷһ䡣
ʮĵİɣһԪҲֱˣҲɹˣҪҵҪ뿪ô
С
ѡӦ
뿴ĵаգڴţ
ΰܽ٣ò
ͲüԪˣﲻôⲻȥ
ǳ˵Լָ֣һҪ㡣
ʱǸкѵĸ磬㲻ݡͭǮ߹ռ𣿡
ô鷳һͨ˲ƣָ㷨УǴ󲮾̫СˣóҽѧһЩ£ΪԱȼЩӸλĴԲŲҲ㣬̫Ԫʵϳչһͨˣͨ˵ƣѵǼΪǧһң㲻
ĵÿһ仰żš
ЩҲ˵ʲôˡ
μĳɹռĻпܽʦ
˼ҵ˶ڴ
ֻ˫һų࣬ȻָѸ
Ȼ㲻£̾ĸо
ܣ쳣ԾռôΣû
ռͷо㲻ȥˡ
ȥĻԻΣգ
𾪵ĿųָϵĶͣ
ԥҪҪȥ
Ҫǿѵ
ѣ˼ĵİһôǿˣƲң
һ䣬ָٴ
ȳһɫǺ졣
ĸ磡ˣ׷׾ǵĽг
İ˰֣ʾǲҪС֡
΢΢üٴѵǿɲ̫á
ȻĶܲ˫Ķ飬ɲ˼üһ츳ڶʦװԪ
˵ˣûǿ
ŭһܾȫĴָָָƶָָϡ
һСβһ׾ƶ·ľ˼ĵ
һɫ÷·ƨһͻȻ۵һ³һѪĴȥ˱üήҡ
ĸ磡뾪æסġ
״ҡҡͷ
ƼʦˮƽϾ̫ˣΪʡԱռļģռȴһ
˿̣Ǿκˡ
ֻһͨˣûʸռ
ʵƽһ£
ĸ磬û°ɣǸܵĵʵ
̧ͷ¶ЦҡҸһͨռһֶʮԪ󲮵ľ棬ȻԷ顭




1654¡̵ѧ
 

ʮԪ
Դ󾪣ʱʧȥʮԪʵ̫ˣ
ɫƽ˵ģѾѹ㣬㲻ҪǿˣȻԼ̫
㵽ʲôˣĲ˳ĳ֮ɫʵݵλ˵Զ߹ʡԱܴﵽҼΪʲôô㣿
ʲôˣ֪Ҳûá
˵ţĿ⿴ͥԺ֮УҶԴ䣬ﻨ㣬һоĿ
Ȼصĳ˿Ȼ޷Ŀġ
ļһ뵽ʲôȷʵҲùʲôˣֻ֪˫ҴǣΪռĻ㼯ʦ֮ҲҪԪҸˣһϣץסȥ
ĵ˶ʱԳһӵϣץų֫ѳ̧
ȫһ𣬾ͰЩ˸ڵء
Ȼҡҡͷȥ
ĿĿɿڴȴ׷ȥֻܺ޺޵ҧ
ĸ磬ô죿ôǸϲȫһǼ֮ɫ
ųõıӰͻȻȻһ̾ҲǼҵֻ˫ʹǣܹռɹˡ

ϰ˵ʮ֣뺥ʱʮ
ͥԺһƬྲûһС߶
Ҵõšȫرգ˵Ȳý롣
һŸ߽Űڷŵĵ㣬Χվˣֱǳ˫úͼʦ
Ŀ⣬Ͷڰϡ
ֻϷһʽӵ̣ϵȦ飬ޱȣ˿ȫһͷˮ
˫Ǵռⲻǲˮõ𣿡Ϊʵ
֪һ㶼ǷˮõĶ
˫΢Цˮֶ̺ʦ˵ˮߡֽѨֻеСѣǰЩˮ̣ǽʵİɣʵǶǷˮŪеġ
˫ôһ˵ע⵽̵ĵ̣ľʵġ
Ǽ洫̣Ϊ̣ʦүǵΨһϵȵĻľľƳɡ˫ỺĽͣҲǸ˻ŵգǧ꣬ϼ򲻵ľ̾͸Ѱˡ
˵ͷȻ
û뵽һСС̣ôѧʡ
ʵ缧˫˵ܼ̣ǽƵļ̣ḷ̌Ǵ֣ͭתĦ̵ĳĦ˿ǳ˼ʵӰ쵽صָ뾫׼ȡ
˫˵ҵ̣ʦүģ͸ͫһȻ̺ŨŨһϺõķ
ֻǲ֪ʦ޷ʹ̡
ǲǸ̵ܵĶشų˫ЦǻĹ˴ǻ۵֮һиѧ޾ǰ޻γص˼ǧ֮ǰǵȾ˴ųĸֻûдų֣Ϊ˵ĴųųƣгǼ֮ףƾ辭иεϢϵޡϵСɵ֧ȵȫϣΪһȦСС̣һأϵĸȦķ򡢷λʹ䣬򰵺˴ųĹɡ
ԭ̵Ĵų
ĬĬ̺֮εԽԽüʦү̫ˡ
һ̶ôµ֪ʶѧʣʵ̫ˡ
Ȼôһ˿Ե֮ɫڵѧ˶ᣬǼôΪǧһأŵҪѧ꣬Ȼɵ֧ԡʮӣʮһűһѣܶѧʮ궼˵Լš
Ǽ˫Ƕŵģת˫ʵ
ңСѧ꼶ʱ˰ɡ˫ȻһЦĴڲĴ¸Զˡ
һ¶ɫ
С㣬Ǽ츳һʦСѧ꼶ˡ
˵ʲôʱ˫ɫͻȻׯ
Ҫʼˣ󲮣λ壬밴վλ
һĵͷ˫Ůӣվˮλվλ
λʦʮĬվסλÿ˵ķλֱľˮ




1655¡Ʒ
 

û뵽ʦռʱվλĽ
ԼûضվλԵЩˡ
˫Ҫվסʲôλ𣿡
վ߰ɣҿҪİæ
˫˵ߵվȻĿͶϵ̡
Ҫʼ𣿡
ܿʼ˫ش󣬿ã󲮣㷨Ʒ
˫ô뵽ƷռѶ̫ˣֻʦƷһ붼Ȼ
λʦҲǲŵĿż˫
ȻνƷѶĺܸߡ
δȼ˫˵ʵʲôƷ
㿴̣Ϊָ̺̣룬㷨ʹ̵ָ뿪ʼ㣬ָȷռĴȻһһƣռϢľʱͣûʲôա
ƷͲһˣҪ̵ʮ˲Ķʮ޿ʼ㣬ûָָʾʦ񽫻ĵ÷ǳٶҲǳ죬ʦƷߵĻûƽʮ֮ڣ¾ҪԪһͬľ
ôأԣüͷ
̾˵ةʮΪ񺺹ˣνƷȻ켶ʦԶһƷҪԪة±عףΪϹᣬĵú˾ϹǵʧˣǼֻλʦ켶ʦȣ˫Ʒòð
ϴ㷨ռˣ㲻ƣλҪϳһ㣬ƷĻǺֻܿռϴβĽ
˫˵Ʒ
Ȼ֪ƷռߣЧҲܺãܱ㷨졢׼ƣֻҪʮ˲ƵʮңܵõҪĽˡ
ҳ޷֮ˣվߣ֧ʱ֧һʱ䣬˵ǻƽʮ֮ڡ
⡭ԥ
ǻϴһ㼧ˣȷʵܿ缧˫˵ռƣװԪ
ѾԪˡ
ˣɰڴһ١
λʦһۺ󣬼ҧҧ¶ģصͷ˫ǶģǼҵĴ̣֮
˫ͷӦȻȫעĿϵ̡
ʱѵʼ㣡
óһȣλʦͬʱ̵֣һȦϣ
ͬʱָָһ׼ʩչеָ㷨
λʦ߶ȼо񣬿ʼռһʣͷԷ籩
˾ͷԷ籩м񣬶ȺȺһ㡣
ֻʦԼһ׶ص㷨
˿ʼʽʱɢ⡣
ţĶʮޣʼת
һݣףΪʲôʦүһļˡ
ԭ̣ʦӦ
ʦʹռʱ̻ʦƷųǿռȵأԶƶȦ
ʦȦתѣҲζٶȽ
УʦѾʼˡ
̣Ϊʮ˲㣬Ƕʮޣռ˫˵ҪѲƽʮڡҲǷ̶ʮɽѶȽʼαǡ
ȻҲΪ˫ѡƷŻѶȡ
̵ʮ˲㻺תÿʦĿ⣬סʮ˲Ŀ֡
ֻҪȦһͣǾܸݿһϢ

öͷһ㱡ϸͣһ
ôָ򱱷еΣ
ûȼ˵꣬˫ͻȻüֻǵһԣ
һ䣬̵ֻʮ˲ֻת
λʦָ㣬̼о㣬ٴͣ¡
Ǳޣұڡ
㣡˫ĶͷҲʼ顣
̵ʮ˲תתͣͣüΣָϷȸеǡ
Σұ׾¦θͥ޴ɳʯưС˫һʮ޸ɫܲÿ
ôܲ𣿡üʵ
˫ҡҡͷÿơ
˵仰̵ĵʮ߲㣬ʼת
һ㣬̵ʮԣݱɣʮֵ¸ӡ




1656¡
 

׾̺ŻǻۣƣУ˵ϲױ仯Ȼɷ޲֮С
УԲķʮԲʮȣʮܾϸ΢仯ɡ
˫ƷӶʮ޿ʼ㵽ʮԣֻһȦڳαܽٵϢ
ֻǳΪһˣչʾϢֻܵռü˫͡
ܿ죬ʮֹ߲ͣתʮ㡢ʮ㡢ʮĲ㡭
ÿƶϵһ㣬λʦɫͲ԰һ֡
Ʒǵģʵ̫ˣ
˫Ƚᣬǿġ
úλʦȫ٣㵽ʮĲʱѾͷ󺹣λҧأȻѾ쵽ޡ
˫㵽ʮͽɣǱضԪ𣡡óĿڵ
ϼ˫ˣУǼƣֻ㵽ʮ㻹ʣ˫ƣƵʮڲ֮ܿǰʧȫù
ǡǿֲȥ˰㿴λ壡һ仰ҧг˵ġ
˵һռһ˵жѡ
˫еλ壬ֻǸϺѪɫǣ缧˵Ŀֲȥˡ
һ̵̣ĵʮ㿪ʼתλʦѹ
֮£λʦǻһѪ
вѪ˿ָÿһ£쳣ѡ
˫㺹죬Լ죬ңĻҲ޷ȥ
˫õɴ۾ֻȼ˫һ仰ǾҪⳡռ
˫ֻҧһ仰û˵
ʵ̫ˣ̲סڵ費ҪҰæ
Уûֵʱ򡣡˫̻Ӧ
ʱҲʼѪˣÿһֶƴȫ˵˫ƽʮ㣬ټˣ
ãʮͣ
˫仰üڰһ
ʦƷռƽʮ㣬Ǽޡ
һռΪѾó֮ǰǴռȷĽ
Ѿˡ
Ȼ˵ԪʮϣΪ˼ˣʮԪǿԽܵġ
ۿ̵ʮ㻺ͣ£̶ʱ䣬ȴ÷·һ͡
ڣʮǶֹͣתʮӯ͸ʮʼת
ʮҲֹͣתָĿʱ˫һͣ
֣֮ȵȻλʦһͬջԼϵơ
һ̣Ǿ㵵ķ֣˫Ȼûջƣϼ㣡
˫ͣ£ģŵæС
˫ȴȻֻܾƽʮԶԶһ㣡
Уһ֧Ų̵ҪǲֵĻᵱľԪ˵ţҪ߹ֹ˫
˫ȴټĶԳ˵ע뷨ҾͿˣ
û˵ֻǵͷȻһֻưڼ˫ƽ㱳ϡ
˫ֻоһŸܵһǿķӳдעڣһ˲
ʦүϢ
˫ϲ֮£̼㣬ҲܳķΪʲôʦүϢһģһˡ
һҲǳ棬û뵽ԼȻϵϡ
ӴųĽǶų̴ųںϡ
ѵҵаҽУһСʦͬԴ
ͬʱúʦҲܾȡ
ԭΪ˫Ҫ֧û뵽ֺþٱղŵήȫȻʧˡ
˫⡭ò֪ô¡
˫һ㣬һߺЦ޷֮ˣڵķѰʿͬǼʦүĪԨԴȴ̵ĴųǺϣһռ൱˺
Ϊʲôó֣־ϲ뵽һ㡣
˫͵Ϊڵķ޵ģ̫֣һ޷ƽʮ֮ڣԽƽѶȾԽʼμӣΪٸߣҲԲ
ûȻĵͷʱһˡ
Ϊֻһҽ޵Ҳֻǳžѣû뵽Ϊ˾ֶŮ㣬ü˫һ˵ֵ˺ռ
ǳĲ˼飡




1657¡˿ĺѩ
 

ڳ£̺ܿƵ˵ʮһ㡣
һƽûиղôѣ˫״̬û̫ı仯
ÿһ㣬һ޴Ŀ
ֻо̵ĵʮ㿪ʼתʱڵתøӷ񣬲ϵ˫ע롣
һ£ĵɵ
мұ˵һ¡˫ͻȻ֣ջطĻüǽ̵ʮ㣬ǽʱķܿʱߣֱյû
ֲзߵĸоԭǴȻ˫ҷʱ߱ȽգƲʮڱȽգ
ȻǺߣƲʮ㣬޷ĻٷջǺ֮ܿ¡
ʱʧȥһΪۣҳ֮Ƚʧķܻع鼺
˫Ļóԥ
ʧȥһηֻһԼ԰ŷѨס
һҪͱ븶ʱʧȥĴۣܻ
ֽóһʱ޷
й¶ֻʱʧȥ޷ܽ٣ҪүˣĻ붼֪ξ񡣡
˫Ļ˳
СˣҪһкã
ãҰ㣡¶˾ġ
˫޳̵ָʮϣ㣬ʮ㿪ʼת
˲оģʮҪ󳬹ͼ˫Ԥƣ
˫ǲǼֲסˣֲסͣǼѾʧȥ⣬ɲʧȥ㰡úǼ˵
󲮣Ϊѳ׼Ҳ֮ܽǼҲԴһ˶ʲôأ
˫ȻһЦ˿̵ѽ֮⡣
һֻ̣ü˫ֹƵĽϵһŮһĻ˵ķ绪
뼧˫ܿΪռȣԼʱʧȥҲʲôˡ
ӲĽһ뼧˫ڣＧ˫̵ֿɡ
ͻȻ䣬˫һһھŲ㣬̶ʮɽ
ȣȫĿĶ̵ھŲĿϡ
һ˲䣬оڵͻȻһѣĸо
˫ڿʼѪھŲȴӿ޾ϲ
ҿһ˿
˫ˣͣˣѵ
ʦ˵һֵý飬Ҳÿʦдɡ
νй¶ү÷˿ּ⣿
ǿضήĳͷһ󲡣ԪľѸȥһǸ
Ȼôѣ˫ȴȫûֵ˼һ˿ұҪֵڰ˲㣬ҳǼͳ󣡡
˫ͣ°־ּȴȥ˫֡
Ϊ˫㵽ֵز˼ӣƻ˫̵Ĵųϵü˫ͳ⵽ǿҵķɡ
ʱ㼧˫ûԪľҲΪɶ
ڳԶʧȥһģܿΪɶӡȫϵһ׵׵ķˡ
һ̣ͼ˫֪Լ޷ͣ£̴ǣȥƶ̣
ڰ˲ƽʮʼת
ŰŤ·ƽ磬ͼ˫·Ұҵ
⻹쳣ľ
վڼ˫ıͫ׽ŵĿż˫һͷںڹ⻬˿Ȼۿɼٶȱס
˫ͷ
Ԫ̫죬˫һЦȻתͷȥȫע̡
ɴסˡ
λϵһŮ˿ںԼԪ
ʮʱ䣬˫һͷĺڷͱѩ׵
׵ġơôһʫ˿ĺѩ
Ǽ˫ͷ׵ٶȣȳ˿ĺѩ죡
úʦ𾪡Ǳʹ
˫վ˼ĵ·ΪҶ
ҳΪ˫Ԫʹȴϸĵķ֣˫ͷ⣬ݲûѸٲϣƤİûܵӰ졣
ֻǶڷ˲һĻŵˣΪ˫˲ľԪ
ʵûôš
ͻȻ֮䣬ţڰ˲Ŀ֣ÿһֶ˸ҫ۵Ĺâ
ˣڿˣ˫ϲ񣬷·Ͽʲô˼




1658¡ʮ
 

˫㿴ʲôȲʵ
Ҳޱڴż˫
˫֮Уһٱ䣬ƺһʱˣ̴ĺµϢ
ҵһʦ뿪ڣðڰֵ˫ú˼
ڤڤ֮еһѲ׽ġ
ʦ׽סһǳѡ
֪˿˼ļ˫ͻȻϣô̴⣬ܿ˲仯ΪУҲζԪȫù
˶ȴż˫˵ȴϸĵע⵽˫һͷڷ֮˵ҲΪ֮һ䣬˫ñ֮ǰˡ
ǡ΢΢죬о˫ƺһµľ硣
ܿ죬úʦҲˡ
ѵ˫Ǽ伤֡
ʦ֪˵ʲôϵɫҲȫü
ûоĻ˫ӦѾؼʦˡ
ĸоûдǼʱֳ꣬һؼʦʦүӰһ̣ӯ
λʦޱȵϲΪһλؼʦζʲô
ǧʷųؼϵʦ
ʷǿ󳯴֮һƳͬһʱڳλؼʦԬ磬ѾǻǧʷΪġ
Ԭڵʱܵ˻ʵ۵áǵľغľ
ؼʦĵλôߡ
ΪﵽؼˮƽҲζˣ
ܷĸǹʦ
ڽ켶ʦĻԵ
˫ؼʦ˼ʮûг񼣣Ҳ켶ʦ
Ҳֻº츳ھŽˣڲ̫ԪĴ½Ϊ켶ʦ
˿̣úͼλʦż˫񶼲һˡ
Ǽʱڣӭ߸˵Ĵ
֮ǰм˶Ϊδǲѡ
һ˼˫ؼʦ˵Ѿʼƽ٣
˫ܹ֮ɹȻгһݹ͡
ûгΪ˫ע뼧ʦүͬԴô˫޷ɹƽڰ˲㣬ᱻɶ
Ҳ˵˫֮ǰĸоûȷʵΨһܰＧһˡ
Ͼϣûеڶӵˡ
˰Сʱ󣬼˫˫ű
ع󣬿һۣȻ¶һĨȻЦ⡣
˫оôҪҪϢһ£ػʵ
ĵľǼ˫ĽϾ˫ղ̫ˡ
˫ҡҡͷϢҽͽеõĻٷ˵ֻҺͳڳ󲮺λȻرһ¡
һܿ⼧˫ΪʲôҪ˵
Ǿ仰й¶˫ȴܽɢȥ֪ԽԽã򲻹ʦˣʦˣܵĳͷ
ҲΪʲô˫ȥҳȴǡ
ʵ治Ǽ˫Ū飬˵̫ס
ãͳȥôͷͼ˫λһ߳ãؽš
棬¶ڽĵȴۿ߳˵Ŀȫû۶ȥ
ļȵʵ󲮣˫ôˣ
λȫһӣȻȻΪռʧˡ
úλȫһϲɫȺļͷԡ
ֻһЦҸҹһĺϢ˫ؼʦˣ
ʲô
һ㵺޷ţ󾡽ϲ񣬱ȼøղŻҪ
˫ؼʦǼʢˣ̫ˣļ֮£Լ֮ǰΪռʮԪܸУȫȻʧ

֮ڣ֮У˫һͷٲ䣬ȥһλõ
δλϵһŮڣŹĺǸʵ˫Ϊռ˶Ԫ
꣬ҾͲ˵ˡڵļ˫һһЦƺ̺ĴˣҵĸоûдĻӦûʮꡣ
ʮꣿΪ֮𾪡
˫Ŷ󣿲ʮ꣬ΪռˣȻ˴Ԫ
Ҳ˵˫ֻٻʮˡ
뵽ʹѡ
˫ʵľŮ㵽ʮ꣬Ҳ϶ʮʱ
ʮ겻Ҫ棬νձˡ
˫ΪֵزҳĲ֪αǺá




1659¡֮
 

˵ôǸȻ˫ȴȻһЦǼһõı𡣡
ģƴҲһҪǼһ١Ŀصĳŵ˵£Ҹɡ
̴ҵּ⣬Ǽһ٣ҲΪԼܽ٣ΪˣǺҼҹһġ
˫Ỻ渵
ʵ㵽ڰ˲㣬ûеõĻٷֻǸһָ㰴ָȥվ˳µĻ
ǵҸղ޸𣿡
Σұ׾¦θͥ޴ɳʯưСθָ
ԴԻĵθʲô˼
ΣұڣǱеǳһ˼˵ķλڱ֮ǰ׽٣֮ܽ·ʼǰһг̲ܴӱ
˫ĽͣӺˡ
˵Ϊ˱ܽ٣ѵҪһг̣
û˫˵ţߵһǰһͲȻ߻Ͳڰ̿
Ͽȥּ˫õľȻһĵͼ
ĵͼƽʱͬȲͼҲǵͼעۣһҲûףֻܲ²Щʦõ
ĵͼǼԼƵģΪɽͼǼҴϵָɽͼбעλһ⣬ھ͸㻮·ߡ
˫īëɽͼϻһ·ߡ
ջʡĻҪϳնʮ޵ķλϷУȵǭ磬ٵƹٵȻ
˫һҪ߱
ëʻûͣ󣬱ʷһתڵͼϻĸ¤һԲȦ
ʾı֮ܽá
Ȼõָʾģһǲ̫ףҪ߱ʲô̵ָʾȫ޷⡣
˫ĵĽ͵͵һУҽһ쳾ӴֽԡȨƸ󡢺ã֪Уһ޷ѣ̵ָʾҪһϴ顢ȴҵọ́һһų֮ģϴӵͨ͸ξҲȻȻʧʱ㽫õͻơ
֮á𣿡Ȼ˳˼
ü˫λ˵ȷʵе
Լһȷʵ˺쳾ķ׷ţȻάֱģȴ޷ͺǵĸšǱˮ֮µΣ̫Щһó޷ӦԼĽ١
ֱһͬ٣Ѿ˼޷ȵĵز
ûм˫ĳ֣Լʲô
һɣҲõЩԼһ֮ˣ̤óѰң;᲻ϵõָհ̵ָǰ¤սٵȴ㣬ʱͿˡ
˫Ƴ񵭣·ߵ̾Ϣ͸п
;յܹɹ٣ҲõΪǼһٵ
˫㻹û˵ǼҵĽʲôٴ׳һ⡣
ҲһռУŵõϢǼҵĽʵһϣҽؼʦȴֻʮɻ٣Ҵ겻⣬٣򼧼ҽ򳹵׵
øãҪˣ
꼧˫Ľͣƺ׺ܶණƺкܶණס
Ѳ⣬㻹Ǻú׼ҵ·ͼ̰ɡ
Ѽ˫·ߣĬĬȻ˵ó̿Ҫķһϵʱ䣬ȸ绰ǲõġ
Уʧ֮ǰܺκʶϵ
˫ϳĻ
֮ǰ״̬ϰ˸֣֮䣬Ȼһ
Ҳ˵ڳ֮ǰȴһй֮ǰӵеĳҲʹãĶһܹﵽϴЧ
˵ЩҪ󣬿º꣬ɿЦһ
ҪһǹȥһУһãǷǳѵġ
Ǳɰ׳գһʶ˲ȫǹ
֪סĸ֣˳Ȼ֮ǰ;֮ʲôҪ˳ȻǧǿΪ֮
˫ᵽᰣĸӸ᲻ˡ
뵽ܽٳɹܻعƶʡҪʱҲǲ




1660¡˳Ȼ
 

ˣϵһжҡ˫˵ţơ
΢΢һȫҪ㣿
Ȼֻ֤Ǯп֮ģ֮ͨͨдϣʱұܰɡ
˫Ļóһ
֤Ҫ·ٷԱô죿
֪ڹʲô֮ãȫͽߵ·ߴǻɽҰ룬Ҫõֶ֤
˫˵ˡ
ȫͽ߱Բֻһʱ䡣
Ϊ޷ʹҼ˫Ҫһͺͷûʲô
ҪҰޣѵҲܶ𣿡һͿڴһʵ
˫һЦȻԣҶ˵ˣ;Ҫ˳ȻҰ㣬㲻Ǿˣֻ㲻Щ;ͱ˷ͻ򶷣򶷹㽫һӵ£ٶȺԶԶˣ֮٣ͻ׽٣ҪÿƣοƣҪԼȥˡ
ˣ˼һҵĲȴֵܱ̫š׼˫˵˳Ȼʲô˼
Է򲻿ܲãΪ˱ܽ٣ҲֻܾԼ
˫˵ͷ֤պã齣ȵȡ
룬˫뵽ʲôˣҽҲܽڼ䲻ˡ
ãҶġ
ڼ˫ǧѵһĵؼʦ˵ʲôȻʲô
ϵĶȫ𣿡˫ĩ˻ȷһ䡣
ߵĿЦЦʲôûˣѵ㻹ҪҰ·㣿
ЦĻ˫Ҳ֮һЦȻͻȻ˺һֵסʵĲλס¸һǵӡ
˫ô£ͻȻҵɫǷʱеЦá
ҲǸ˼˵۾
˫һ˵˫һݡ
ѵ˫ؼʦ֮ӵ͸ͫܿó
ҵһμ㣬;˫۷·ܿ͸룬ӦҲ֮һɡ
Ȼ㣬ʦ˵ûҵ۾ȷʵܿ͸һЩǰһ˴·ٶҲûõġ
㡭
˫һ죬ؼλڵøʵˡ
ӣ
İɣ˫ȻĺܰҵЩҲͿˡһЦ
仰ڣ˫ɫߺ졣
ʱ򣬳ܿ˫Ů˵ӣҪһֱչ¶ʦʣǾûʲôŮζˡ
һ䣬۾ʱҲǧá
˫Ҫ󣬳ɴĴӦʧȥʹ۾ĻǳھԲõġ
Ǿͺã㻹ʲôҪעġ
˫˵ţĴָס°ͣʼ˼
Ҳ˼ڵˣҵݣ·ϺܻܿᱻϳԼǹҲ
˵ȷʵǸ⡣˫ڷԼ©ʲôҪĻֻ΢ڻһԼϲС
ס
ǰͨתڣԼòϲаͬһˡ
ʹһҽаҽͨ΢ݸıòֶʤ
˫ֻ˫ʮָԼѨλϲϰѹƼһʱ䣬ͨ΢Լǳϲԭò
ַҲͦġ˫Ǿ棬û뵽Ȼ־
΢΢һЦ죬ͦ򵥵ģҪⶼĻҽҪˡ
˫һҲǣҲͲΪǡ
ǼϢһ̣֪ļ˻ǡ

ڶһ磬ϱһߺ䶯ԵĴϢ
а۷ԼţӴ䣬аۣ
Ȼû֪䶯Ϣ˭ųģȫڷ贫а۴ˣ
ϧĵͬʱҲڲ²⣬ΪʲôаҪԼš
˵аˣҲ˵а۹ͣðˡ
ֲ²⣬˵硣ȴûһŷ˵
ڳа£һЩ֪ˣά¦⡢֯߻оֲӵֽ޷⡣
ֽմӦԺæῼǳ֡
û뵽תۼʹˡ
ֽѸٲ鵽統ԭûкɶ飬ϼҶСˡ
˻ƵĽֽʮֲ⡣




1661¡һ·
 

֪˵ɣѹ۵
ΪЩ֪˶Ϊڼҡ
ȴԸ͸¶һϢ
ֽԴ˸绰ãԼݣҿ϶Ҷ
ȴû뵽˫ؼʦ󣬵õĳλλֽ֮µĴӼλıӻֽ֪˵ɣͨͨѹ
ѣΪģҲֻĬĬƽ
ᰵΪڼҵʱⲻ֪Ѿ뿪ϣ̤ء
Ƭأżҽ硢ɽ´ɽ˹ųǵ羰
ûѡ߾Щ羰·ߡ
һˣ̤ɽ֮Уһι¶ó̡
Ժиּ˫·ͼ뵽λΰ˳ĵطͻȻ֣֮·ߣô͵ĳ·ôϣ
ѵҲڤڤ֮еһ⣿
ӢΰĿսңգͽǧﳤΪ˴־ϴ飬߳·͵ǵľϡ
죬ƶҪһЩڻɽҰ֮УͽеĳƬɽҰеΨһࡣ
ɽ·ܲߣԽɽߣԽоһǳһŵģӰǰٶȡ
żҪܵọܴ́ʲô
˳ԼɽҰںһ𣬷·ӳһ̿ʼǴȻһ֣Ӧ˼˫Ǿ䣬˳Ȼ
ֻó̸ոտʼ޷һ
ÿҹĻ٣ҰããһƬ׶ּȣ᲻ֹӿֳǧ˼˼硢˼ס˼ա
ҰҰ޵гһ𣬸óߡ
ֻǸտʼͽߣ棬һ첻˯Ҳ⡣
峿ժ˼ҰҶϵ¶£·
û߼ӣӭɽҰһꡣ
ɽҰ轵͵ֻмȣоƤ㴫һĺ⣬Ȼһûе֮ֻˢ壬ǰС
ǴȻķܹ꣬ϴ˵顣
һһĸо
Щѹرʱϲ±ʱܳȥ꣬ΪĿйѹ
Ȼķ꣬ķ꣬һָо
ᣬɽҰˮɾγʣ·Ӥˮǰ㴿ϾᣬӵС
ᰣ֪뿪ûأ
УɽܲõЦò
ԳһЦҡҡͷǿԼᰵա
һСʱͣˣɽҰĿ¶ֿ飬ľҲΪ֮һ̲סһ
ֲù˶ϲɽ֣عȻɽҰ֮Уʲôǳ⣬պȻΪһ壬ӦþǼ˫˵ųųɺг˰ɣĻ׽ȻȻĻ⣬Ҳͱܽٳɹˡ
ĸ򣬵֪ԼܽٳɹԶϾֻﳤһ
ר̺ɽС·ߣ߸ɴɽ֮Уǳλһ·ϷС
ǭ磬ֻʱ䡣
ûһˣһ·УǴ¡ͷ¶ޣ紵ȴ˳ʼ״̬
ǭ磬·߽ƹϿ˹صòĵ͵֮һɽ룬ܲߡ
Ϊϴ飬־ߵɽ꣬ͬʱҲΪᵱ꿹սǷݰ۲ӵľ
ԽǾ·ߣԽǾ嵱ǣ־Ҫǿ󣬸˻ĵľҪǿܲҹĴɽԽ룬ϧ
ƹɽдգǰһ󽭣Ľɳ
ŽˮϣӿȣҲ˺׳־
ϸˣɰ衣ɳˮůź
߹ǭ룬ƹȺˮɣҿ˵ҶɹĽɳ
ɳļ껹Ͻ⽭ȴֻƾ6ֻɴ2˵ĲӰȫɹ󽭣Ͻòԩ
̾ţɶɽɳĳ
ȴ֪ɶšգ
ΰ˵ĳʫǾź۾õһ쳣յĻ档
ҹ˽ɳһҪȥſ
Ժðͷɵüӿ˽Ų
ֻհǵĳ̺󣬽ļֲһԻ
Ӣ¿ս˶˵˻ݵĹˡ
׳٣ʵС
ԼȴΪ˱ܽ٣̤ó̡
ãȱǶ˶ʤ죬ҳȴΥܽٳɹѵܻ𣿡
ã뿪ƹ󣬽
ó̽ʮĵһˡ




1662¡
 

ѣ졣
ھվʧ޵ջϡ
Խʹɽɽ߹·᫣ͨС
񣬴󲿷ٷţΪĻŲ
һС˼ĹŵȻ״̬
ҲΪɽ룬ŷƫƧ
˿̳˷ǳɽ룬һȥɽΰԲççݵشﲩ֮ò
֮ѣԶ˵ĳ·϶òСΨһСģɽ֮Уˤǡ
վ˳֮⣬Ȼߡ
һһȥεεŮӡ
˶ʮĵһˣӶ
ţۼŮӻŻţƵģΪ棬ѵŮҰˣ
硢ңȡ
ŮȣǿӣĻȫ˵ˡ
Ϊʮͷ¶ޣֱ紵ɹȥЩݡ
ȫ£տҲֻһֻϢ˯ǰϴ˯ѺٴϣȻǲܸɾġ
ڳڱУ϶ʲôӡ
οڻɽҰϳ
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1663¡һԴ
 

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1664¡׶ҩũ
 

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ǰٲŵģϴʮ죬ȷʵǶsĴ峤˵ǰٲŴѹɽ´ׯ¸ӦúƽɣҷǽѲ飬ҲҪشǣ
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1665¡
 

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1666¡Сݼ
 

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1667¡
 

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Ҷٵͺһȫ澢ס塣
Ȼ㲻ȫӵֻѡܹҪλ˲һſӵļͷ˫ۡȡ
Ҷٲûиоرʹһ顣
Ҷһ¶һĨЦ
ʷס㣬ȴסͨͨ
ԽԽǿңҶһ˲վվסˣֻܵϥأ̧ͷǰС
һ̣ٲһƬ
СתɫĮ˵Ҷ٣Ҳн죡
СܷҽͣҶٿЦ˵
㻹˵ʲô˵ɣ
ѶСһҲżôɱˣҶǰõĵĿʡ
ҶǰΪԼǴģôС;ý塣
Сʵûиĸ¶¶ǸٸסҲǰٲŵĸģ
Ҷٵһ仰Сɫ
ܣƭң




1668¡Ӧٶ
 

СҶٵĶԻóΪ졣
û뵽֮䣬ȻôĶԹ
ҹϵƺܲ򵥡
ֻҶټ͵СʵҲװļٸ׹ҵӣҲ裬ǰٲŵĶŶ㣬ʱ̫СʲôףŻҲôᣡ
ܣ˵ȫƭ˵ģСʮּۿˡ
Ҷ٣ҵĸĸ㺦ģƭңҲҰԼģôǳǰٲţ˵ģ²ܻж
Ľҩ׶ʱڿʼãܼЧٲֻҴСҩıʣղſûжԭ򣡡Ҷٽһж̶
ΪȻҪһŶžԷѱ䡣
ʦĶž
СļٸסҲǵٲŵĸ͵Ķ䷽ƭҶٵӡ
Сճûãͱһˡ
ǸҶΪʵһȫ¶ҩͼȥԿҶ٣ȴû뵽ҶӶԼҲƵ¶ҩԼ
֮ǰССĸ׵ΪҶ١
˶Сĸƻ
еĶԹֻҶٺС֪ٲȫ
ǰпٲıҽɣҲŷַգɽˮ֮䣬Ҳһܹң
СҶٶԻʱ򣬳Ŵε㰴ԼѨλһıƵֱϡ
ûûи룬ֻ򵥴ֱķԼƳء
ȫض۵ֱʱʳֱָѪһ˲ѪһɫѪ䵽ϡ
ųѪһҪʱ䣬һţһСҶٽĶԻ
ֻСЪ˹ĽеֻȡҰְֵɹѣΪ㣬ҰֺҲһҪɱ㣬Լ˫֮飡
С֪˵ʲô㶼ңǿͨҽѧֶΣ֤Ůϵܸܲһλ᣿Ҷٿ
Σ
Сܾ̾
϶ҽʱ䣬Ҳ仰Ҷ٣Ȼµȥɣ
ûɱļٸףܺİӣҪǲܵģ
Ҷһ̹̹̬С²ȥˡ
С㣬ҪҪҰ㶯֣ԴһԳʵ
СԥɱҶ٣ĸ
ȴһڸٸҶһᡣ
Сķңȴֻ֮ȥ
˶ó֮ǰܳݵŮѾӽıԵˡ
ϵ𣬲飬飬ܰһ˱
Сԥʱ򣬳Ѿվ
û˷Ķ
ҹɫ֮Уͥɢ߽Դ֮ڣֳӰ
һ£ڳˡ
СôܶˣԴޱȾ棬ǲҡ
С˼Ŀųһʧȥ24СʱϣȻСʱܶ´磬㵽ʲôˣ
ʲôˣֻҪ֪ĽС
ڳֿһ㣬СҶٵĳĽ֮һԼҲСҶٵĽ
Сüͷҡҡͷ´磬ĺеõ˵ķ緶ϧֻһˣܳΪҵĽ
һ䣬˺ڰеǹһʾ
Ҷһ񣬾֪ЩǹҪǹˡ
Сֵܣӣ
ӣҶٵѣҡͷһЦӦٶôأ
仰˶ó
ȻҶ֪λ㶾صģСôǹ֣ѵܷ죿
ǹ
Сһ£һƿٴ
ֻǳϵǹǻᳯȻ޷͸ͫҹеӵȺ˵Сɾǰ
ʩչ񹦣ҪץסСȴ׾١
ֻƹӰһΣСסĲӣͬʱǹǵӵա
С㣡
˭ٿǹǾǲҪСˣŵ
ڰеǹǣ仰ȫҿǹָӰɿ֪Ǻá
Ͼٶʵ̫̬ˣٶȣҲ϶ȥ
ûĸǹָұ֤ԼڳС֮ǰǹгóȫԶ֡
Сȴ¶ҪһȫϣùңǲƷĻǵĺң




1669¡Ѫ
 

ԴһС˵úе
ΪɵСܣҶԳ֣ôǲôõļƻʧˡ
ȫǹһϣԴ֮󣬺ڰеǹȫǹȻ˻
һֿסСһֻĻȭ̶̼ʱͽСȫ򵹡
²ٲ˿ˣҶҲʮš
û뵽书ȻôǿһִֻСȫ¡
ҶٿɲΪԼ֮ˮƽ
϶书ߡ
ֻǳ书ûаֹӣһִ׾豹ĸоҶȫ͸
ᣬȴˣӾǺηʥ
µһأСɴ۾ޱ𾪵Ŀڵ´磬㡢书ôôѵֹҸģ
ɿסС֣Сת档
СܾΪ˰˴˻ɣ㣬Ҳɽˮ֮նңܾҪɱԼˡ
仰Сס
ȳҶٷ֮СŷӦҧףҲĳˣ´磬ôãΪʲôҪһˣ
С˵ҧгݣҶٲЦ
ȻλСֵܣлл㣡㣬ӽĿްٲˣ
ҶˣҸղų֣ҲΪԾȣһԵ֣Ҷþȣڤڤ֮ж
ÿ仰£ҶĸӰˡ
ΣֵĶ飬ǰٲûҽС֮ìܣٺúôл
Ҷ˵ţСǰ¶ɫС֪Щ𣿡
ߣʣҪɱɱҸʧܣȥžۣСǰʮ̹
ҶټС˾ǿʮ޿κΡ
룬ֻ֤ǸŮϵСŻı̬ȡ
СҴذٲţҹųǵѪ׹ϵɡ
Ҷһ˵һȥС֣ȴС㿪ˡ
˵ˣҾҵףɱҰɣ
ҶȰȴߵǰ˵ô鷳ȥϵҾͰǵѪ
ֵܣûκҽѧߣΰѪҶٲʵ
΢΢һЦԹžеѪ׵ֶΣֻǺܶƭûֶΣȴóҡײƭҽ𣬶ǡöĵѪַֻҪǸṩһѪҾܰѪԵϵ
ģǾ̫ˣҶû뵽书ôߣȻҽ
ҲǣҽôôĶأ
϶ĳҽѸųء
СȻܿܵѪףûЩڴ
˼װһ£СɳָһѪһС֮С
ҶҲԼһѪС롣
ȻѪСһ𣬵ȴûΪһ塣
СһҾ֪ף
𼱡һЦȻҲԼָһѪ
ٶСҶٶԡ
Χİٲ˺С£Ҳǿ
˵ĵѪףѪһ𣬿ܲΪһ壬ܵĻ֤˵ѪԵϵ
ѪҺĲǻû
ֻǵѪνȥ֮ͼСҶٵѪҺһ
ʮǣСҶٵѪҺƺʲôǿǰ㣬Ϊ˶ԿѪҺѪȻ׵Ϊһˡ
ҶٺС˲侪
ѪҺԺұԵģ˵Ѫ£໥ںϣⱻߵѪҺ֣ǿ϶ŮƽĽ͵
´磬㡢ǲƭң
СԲš
ϾѪʽ̫ˣǲǳںƭ
Ų㣬֮ĽѾ˽ˣɽˮԶԵټɡ
ȻһЦתȥ
Ҷһ룬ŷӦֵܣߣǰٲͣ
׷ȥû뵽ͥɢʵߵü죬Ƭ̾ʧҹɫ֮С
ҶźС޸ϵҲҪ˱ûŲתС㲻ųֵܵѪֶΣǻ顭
Сûлشֻǽҧ촽ʧվԭء

գ̵ĳ߹һվ֮󣬷ǰһɽϣȻһֳֿʯס
ʯվˣŮ١˶УҲ֪ɽҪʲô
Щ˵ܼ꣬һӸģ겻ͷĵ֮ǰ㣬ٲͿҩˣôӰ




1670¡С
 

ǸӸᵽٲš֣ʱʶѵɽ壬ǰٲŵɽڣ
һ룬̧ͷɽϿȥȻһ޴ľţסͨŮ١
ľ֮ǰվĸɫĮӣĸӵķΣİٲ˴һģһ
뵽С˵ĶҪ24СʱŻˣ²ٲҶ٣û˻
ʯϵŮ٣Ӧٲҩġ
ڳҩʱѵɽȴٳٲʯϺܶ˶ת
ȻЩ˻ѻزٲŶֲҩľΣ˭Ҳû뵽һ׼ʱɽŵİٲţȻٳٲ
׼߹ʯףɽȥʱǸӸֿʼкˣǰٲŵģôòҩҪ˰
ǲܹӸνкŵĸǿȻĸľͷһ
⹫Ӹ緳֮£ֳڿʱŭɳؤʲôû߸˧𣿡
ԣ΢΢ҡͷҪȥ
ʱһ۵ס磬ʲʣˮŶ
תͷһԼ߰Скڸ˵˫ֻˮ򿪣Ȼƽǰʾȥˮ
С΢Цлл㣬Ҳʡ
磬ĲҿܾûԷˮӣһ˰ɣˮأһ߰ɡ
СкʵҲѳ˺ؤ
ǸӸһչ¶óжġ
óĲ뵽ֲü˫Ҫ̬֮ãΪԽСܵȾҲԽ١
СкˣΪͺСɫ۾ˣһͱȴǿˡ
Ск˫۾ŹâһϣӣԼܾĻ̫á
ЦЦҪ߹ȥһˮ
СкߣվŮˣһӣһͳ࣬ҳûͦƯ
߹ʱ̫̫СкͷοЦţţǸúӣû׽㡣
̣һֱĻŶҪˣһġţţԺ̧ͷ
󣬳ߵСкǰٴαлȻ׼ӹСкݹˮ
СкǸͺͳŮȴ̰СкѵĿǵţţ㲻øһؤˮ˻ԼҸˮˮġ
㣬ˮˮడʦ˵ˮ˻ۣ粻ܺˮģǺˮİɡţţ˵ţ°ˮݸ
ǸŮٴѵţţ̽£㵱ĺˣԼ鷳ûأôйˣҪǰһݵλˣǻܵõرһؤܻرʲô
˵²Ҫرţţѵã
ʱ̫̫ˣ¶̻ţţţţλСһⶼûУ˼ҵؤ˵˼ֻǳʲô飬Ż⸱ģ
̫̫˵Ϊ¶ŮƲƲ죬˵ˡ
ţţڳɹˮݵϣų๾ˮӣţţϵı飬·Լõһ߻ġ
Ľ¶üͷͬʱָڱ棬¶ɫΪ϶ܳ
ʵ;֮Уһֱϴ·˼ûʲôζ
ţţ̫̫ûʲôо¶ֻΪһģ;óǸؤ
ˮţţʱ¶ˮһѴţţȻóֽʹĲˮڣ󻹶ţţˮܺˣȽĿȪˮ
㣬ֲ࣬Ϊʲô᲻ĵġţţڶԽе㲻ˣӱóһݸ磬ҽŶһֱġ
ɵţţ㡭¶ʱԼĵܵùǺ
ų񾯸ţţӲˣ˺װ֮һΪһԼԣһţţ
˾ĵĳ
¶ðţθ߳ȴһһζĿ⡣
תͷһԭ֮ǰкĹӸ硣
߸˧͵¶İϲȴװߵɫǸӸĶˡ
ʱ¶ͻȻҵĿһ¾ͿȳѪ
̣ôˣţţʱһɫ
̫̫˺һų˵ǵȲٲŸҩķˡ
ô죿ȥҩţţ˵ţҪɽȥ




1671¡Ʊ
 

¶סԼĵܵܣǳţţɵûɽվĸٲŵĸְĸ֣һԴʮ㿴ǱλүűڶӲأ
һ˴ʮôţţʱŵСס
ֻӵϿĸ֣û뵽ʵĴڡ
⻹ֻŵģ˵ٲŵҶһ˴ϰٸû⣬԰ǹԹԵĵǿţɵ¡¶һ߸ţţ˵һ̫̫ı
̫̫ǷǳܣʱʱͿϼ¡
ȻţţôĸˮһҲӦõģǴ̫̫
ʱղŽкĹӸ磬˹
¶ʱеźߣ֪Ӹ϶ڨġ
λŮǲǵ֢Ӹһڱʿʵ
¶΢΢ͷ߶ǵģ̵˺ֵĿԲҽԺҽβã˵ٲŵҩݷǳЧԴһЩοԵҩݻȥ̼ҩԡ
ԭˡӸ˵ͷ˵ҽй򣬲֪Ůôƺأ
ҡҽк¶¶ԵøӺˡ
Ȼʵôߣװĳɷָ
ѸղӸ磬̲ס޵¶һ֣
ллٿ佱¶ŮӵĽ̬չֵ쾡¡
һԵţţȴе㿴ȥˡ
ӸûʲôøС
ΪղѳɳؤԼǮƲˡ
ڵС߰ͶúܶණţţȻȽϵЩǿöġ
Ȱ㲻Ҫȴֵ¶С㣬ٲҩ֪ûǰõɽŵƱأ
ٲŵɽţҪƱ𣿡¶ʱסˡ
̺͵ܵܣҲȫһȻ
΢΢һЦŪ֪ʶ˵ǿɲܰѰٲŵЩҩ꣬ٲŵĵλǳߣʲô˶ʸɽšٲŶֲҩݵġ
˵һ϶ȫֻּ
¶֪ǽɽ򲻵ҩ̵ĲҲκˡ
٣֪Ʊôõأ̫̫ڣεʵ
ԣ¶԰֮ɫֻҪҩ֮ݵλߣܵõٲŵɽƱǼͰٲĳλϽãҿŪƱ
ԭҪϵһٲ˶ʶôŪƱ¶һӽˡ
Ůû˼ֵʵһְ취ǾǻǮƱһƱһԪ
ô󣿡¶ٴס
ţţһɥ̣ƱһžҪһ飬ֻһҩǮƱҩˡ
̫̫û뵽ǴһȻֻһƱǼұûʲôǮһ¾˽ѵľء
Ϊ̵Ĳ¶֪ԼʱЩʲôˣЦݶԹ˵٣϶Ǯһʶٲŵĳϣ֪ܲܰأ
¶˼뿿ĹϵõƱ
̿ɲ롣
֪ͬǮ̫̫ȴһ󣺡٣ܽһĻͷһһ֪𣿡
̣ô˼ǮأЦԵʶһύ˺¶СôŮҺͺ¶ѵķϣֱӴǽɽžˣƱ
̫̫һ֪ӸǿŮˡ
̫̫ܾȥұ˽Ǯʱ¶ȴܸ˵ĴӦллˣҺҳΪٵѡ
Ǻǣæ쾭壬㲻лҡܴȵ˵
¶򽻻ϵʽ΢š
ʱһֱĬĳͻȻڵ̣ǲô鷳ٲҩдҩɡ
⻰һ̫̫¶͹һ
Цһһؤдҩﴵţˣ
¶ҲĿ˳һۣؤҲˡҲˣôⲻߣѵƭ̵ҩǮ
ιҵܵܵĶҲ
ԹĳЦͺ¶ıģȴǵûǶ̫̫˵̣Ҹ㿴¿ԵĲȻͿԿҩˡ
ĴǸ̫̫֢ҩԳκ̫̫Ĳ
ҲͲΥ˫涨ʩչҽҪ
̫̫Ȼ̫Ļ
Ͼο˺òȥ˭һλСҽ
ֻţţзų⣺磬㻹ῴ𣿺




1672¡Ҷ
 

ţţͷȻ̫̫ĿԣܿΪʱβܶģ֪˵ĶԲԣ
԰ô֪̫̫ʮֲ죬û뵽ֱ˵ĿԲ
ǰôҽķβϸ飬޷
£̫̫㲻ҲţĶҽҺܻܿһλصҽ
ʵϣֻǵƾԼľ²̫̫ĲΪ޷ʹ͸ͫ
ΪаҽˣͲ¶ˡ
һԵĺ¶͹һһ㶵ģ룬ѵؤе㱾£
̡¶Լ̣Ҫױ˺ƭֱ̫̫Ӱֹ˵
λСӣ鷳ҿɡ
ͷʵѾвҲϸˣֻ̫̫Ѱж̫̫Ĳ鵽ʲôزȻţţӱȡֽʣˢˢˢдһҩ
̫̫ӹһдҩֶģǼٵģѾ⸱ҩ˴롣
ҩ⣬дЩҩģҩӦöọ̃㲻øٲҩˣֱɽȥС󻹶һ䡣
̫̫лɽȥԳҩвС
ûһͱԼŮסˡ
̣һİдҩӣôţһʲô飬ҲʱǾ̫Կˣ¶˵꣬˳һۡ
ҩҿ
ֳĵӣӹ̫̫ϵҩһʱЦ
дҶɣͨҪϡö࣬ҩ겻ọ̃㱻˼ҿˣ
ɣҶôϡ𣿡̫̫ԭĻϣ˵ô϶ʱûˡ
ЦҾ͵ҩĺˣҶɣֻаٲŲֵọ́ҪһĻʱɽ򲻵ҩִٲҩʱ䣬βǿɾͺڲˣ
̫̫ɫȻȽϸ䣬ⷬ˵òûе
ֻðĿŻسϣϣһ͡
̣˼û뵽ҶɣߵҩȻûгֻۣаٲҶɣҾͽȥһЩɡԼΪҶûôҡ
˵ĵӣŷٲžɽϣΪ̵彡ȥһЩкη
͵Ǵлţţ
˵ͺ¶ٴ¶֮ɫ
Ȼѽٲҩ˵ôɣ
˵úԼжͻ߶ǮƵģ
ιûٸղ˵Ļ𣿡¶Ŀڵٶ˵ˣҪɽţҪôаٲŵĹϵҪôҪһƱҿûУƾʲô˵ҩǴԲѣ
˵ܽܽһ䣬̧Ųʯߡ
¶û뵽˵Ͼϣʱ˰롣
̲ס¶ֻɫСǲ֪ôٲŵɽ϶ᱻɽ
˵ţţԳ󺰵磬Щģǻˣ㲻ȥ
ͷţţһ΢Цȥ
׳գ¶һ䡣
ЦЦ̣¶С㣬ҴȥɣСӳɲ¡
Ǿ鷳ˡ¶˫ָмֽߵı飬Ȼס̫̫֣̣Ǹȥ
̫̫ȥȰй飬˱Ůʯߡ
ʱɽ֮ǰۼ˺ܶǰҩˡ
ΪٲŵٳûдɽŷǽȥЩȫȲˡ
磬쿪Űɣҩʱ䶼ȥһˣ
ǰǰǶǰٲŵľҩأ
кãҩȥ˰ɣ
˵Ŀĸȴޱվԭأһľŵ˼ûС
ҪӲȥͻȻ䣬ľű˴ˡ
ֻľ߳ٲˣĸ⼸ٲǰһ֮󣬵ĵͷʺʦ֣
ϷԸˣ˵õȷЩ˽ҩ
ǣλæӦ
һϲľߡ
վסƱٽţ
һȣսսҶȫԹԽԼƱ
ŹĹϵ¶ܵܡ˳С
٣ƱǮͷҿ϶㡣̫̫βҪͲ鷳ҩˣͷĳڵСӣллҩɲǿнٲţɽɣллˣ
̫̫Գ̬һֱܺãţţ񣬳ãȻ˫ԵǾͰ˰ﵽװɡ




1673¡
 

ٲֲҩȻãĵǣͺ¶̫̫ҩҩ̫̫ҶɣҲһκÿԡ
ۿΪʦֵǸٲŵӣŹɽҪȥλɫĵǰ
ؤԶ㣡
ɽ⡢ûǮƱˣȻ˴󵨣Ӳɽţȫˡ
ҳ֮ûиϽɽ˼ʧĿ˵Ϊٲǹҽɣضҽġŷ磬û뵽ҩҪƱҽ֮
ؤ˵ʲôĸʱһŭɫ
һƬ
ˣû뵽ô˵
ʵҲģðٲҩҪһǮƱΪ̫޳ˡ
ٲŵĵ书ôߣĸ˸ǣ
ڷһ˺¸ҵվָٲŵ޳֮
ڳһЩ˸е
˾óçΪ϶Ҫһٶˡ
ġ˺±Ҳûں
Ȼĸˣסȭͷк
Ǽȭƻ磬һ֪ĸ϶Ǹ֡
ڳУ˾ͺֻСϲࡣ
Ȼ޷ʹĸֻǰӵĹߣˮƽ
һƣͽĵڵء
˿Ŀɿڴ
˭޷ţ˺ȻǸز¶Ĵ֣
ۼݵ߽ɽţֻĸڵʹһʱסˡ
ɽźһֹѾʯգ׼ɽ
ɽʲô²Ӧǰٲŵҩ
ͨҶٻʵжϰٲӦñ۵ļҵλ߲˶١
ңٲֻɣڹ׽֮䣬ͨ˲ſҩ
ȻְɣһǿĹŵɽ
ٲӵôϡҩģͱǿˡ
Ҷٻû˻ڰٲֲ㣬ӲɽţҲûȥͨû
ɵľ˺ɽ
ֻɽбѳһƬǳҩֲɫɫҩֻЩҩֻܿ
ҩģøǸʦ֣ǰҩһߵİٲҩá
ۿȥְٲںɽʮҩãÿҩöңʲôشáԪáˮܽá
ҩãҪôҩ̫ˣֵÿҩ˿͹ʱȽϷ㡣
Ҫôǰٲڲ䣬ÿ϶ֹżҩá
ţһҩȥ
̫̫ǸڵҩãûиȥΪҩر࣬ҪȥѯҶɵĻ϶˷ʱ䡣
ǳѡһûй˿͵ҩãȥżɽĶҩٲʵҶ𣿡
ҶɣϡҩǿɲҩйϵȥǵĳϡٲĻش
ʵô˵Ҷɷǰٲŵĺˣ
ûֻҪϡҩģڵİٲÿλܣҿСҲʶϵģû¾ͱǲҡٲ˲ͷĻش󣬾ſڹ̨͵ˡ
ҡҡͷ߳ڵҩȥ
ͺ¶ţţ̫̫ȫǳԾ
ôģ̲סʵ
Ҳߵ̫̫ǰ˵̣ʹˣеҩö򲻵Ҷɣٲڲĵİٲǲ˷ʱŶӡ
Сӣô֪ô̫̫ࣿòɵɴ۾
¶޵˵̣϶ƭģǻǸŹٺúŶӣҪǴʱ䣬˵Ҫɽȥˣ
¶С˵öԡ˵ţмĿΪдҩӣԼʲôˣٲŵ飬ѵܱҶ㻹ǶൣһԼĴɣҪǱٲ˷͵ĳͷҪ˫ȣ
һ˵ţţʱסˡ
æ߹ס֣磬߰ɣҰлл㡣
Ǹ٣򲻵ҶɵģҰáЦЦתȥ
Ŀͳ뿪һ֪
ֻΪˣֻǰװơ
ȴû뵽ûߣٲŵĺȥ
ȥٲȡҶɣ͸̫̫ҩдķҩǱţţʳ֮ȻͿ԰Ȼȥˡ
Ȼ֪Լڱ֮ܽ·ϣҪԶ볾֮ˣ֪ͼıԡ
֮ǰΪ˱˫ľ֮ʽȡϧᰵġ
Գ˵֮ϡ
һ·ͨ۲ٲŽİٲˣܿҵ˰ٲŵĺ
ֻ׼򣬾ͱһλͷϡɡ




1674¡
 

³λߣϵϢٲҪһЩеĸ֡
Ҷ٣ҲŴ徳ˮƽߵ书ҲͺҶٲ¡
ڲʹĳּĹߺѹ
СӣʲôˣóҰٲź򣿡߳ʵ
ɫƽĻشҪȥٲһҶɣ鷳һá
Ҷɣ´һ飬øӲˣСӣȲʶҰٲŵĳϣҲҰٲŵĹͣûʸҶɣ
ʶǵҶ٣Ҿȹһ
߲¶֮ɫ
û뵽һȥ˺СӣȻ֪Ҷ١
֪һ£ûйϵһ¡
ߵȻȫţҶһġ
ǰٲű߶ʮöĲݣҶԴ׷鵽ڻûصİٲȫʮֵġ
ᵽҶ٣߻ҩݵˣǲй
ϣҿС˵С͵һ͵Ӧģǲøϻˣֱ̱ʰɣһٲˣһ˿ɫ˵
ҲģһСӣݿɣȻ͵ͱҳ̫أ
һ䣬ָצųļץ
ٲŵĶһ֣ͿмＸˡ
˵Ҷٵˮƽڴ徳˾ҵĻҲʹ徳߰أҶһ
ۿץʩչַͨצצϵֱץȥ
ϵٶѾĵӿˣôֵĶֻ֪оڵĻ֡һ룬һ̣Ϳץסϵֱۣϱץסֱۺȫã·𱻶Ƶġ
Ӵʧɫϣô
ԾϱԾȷе˵Ӧ𾪣
˿̶ӿκˣ˫Ŀ㵵ĿŽߵĳ
Ҳ붯ǳֻץһֱֻۣȫˣ
аţʵ̫аˣ
㡢ĸɵĸ֣ʲô֣־ɵʵ
һ֪ٲŵĶϣɵĸˡ
ЦЦգֻһɽҰ˰ˡ
ߣƭң˳Ļش𣬶Ϸһŭ𣬡֣Ӧд徳۷壻븽ҲǼɣ϶һɵĸ֣ҰٲһͶҩݵ˼ԲԣҸ㣬ץסңҲ߰ٲҩݣ
̫ˡ
е̿
ֻҪһҶɸβھʹҹȥðɡ
˵ץŶϸ첲ֻһѶϵֱŤţȻŶǰȥ
Ȼʮ־ŭǲңǸĵ˵Ͻ֪ͨгˣ˵֣ͼȡٲеҩݣ
ǣϣǵӰȾܣƺ±򵹡
ֹֻѺŶٲ÷ߡ
öϷǳ⣺Сӣ㲻ֹҵĵȥͨԼɺģ
ҲֻжԼɺģҡڵѺȥٲáҲֹĵȥͨ籨š
һ·Ͽİٲˣȫڶϵʾ£ûΧ
ϲЩ书΢ˣν
ϾҶǱ߳µĻɱѾʧˡ
𣬶ʵȻҪȡҰٲŵҩݣͱˣ˵ɣ˭Ӧÿɽ˰ɣ
ǲ𣬶ٲþǰˣвһ׵ľ롣
ٴߵ㲻˵ҲûϵɵһҲϳΪɵɽˣɱҰٲŵıŷڣ
ڣ˱仯
һ£ѹɷοǰٲְɡ
еĶţͲһˡ
ŵĹ֣ڵʵ治һܴù
ĶţȫĹĶţǲһҲȷ
νķڣͻʸڵĽȣҲ֪˭˭͡
Сӣ֪𣿡Ĳ죬ЦһССɣܺͷڶԿҵĵ֪ͨڸֹʱɱضʶľ̷ſңȻǵ
ںͽΣûлӦϵĻʳһͦȤ⡣
ö΢΢һ㵡
Ӧ󣬲Ų鲻ԸĻشĶţͽȻǲȵģСӣɱ˵ɵĿɽǽڣ




1675¡ĳ治
 

Ȼ˵ʵǽڵĿаۡ
ڱ֮ܽ·ϣѾǰһݣаƺš
˵ˣ̫࣬߰ɣ˶һѣһǰһ߽ٲá
һ·ϵӵͨٲѾۼˡ
лмͶϲ͵İٲŸ֡
ЩȫĶסóߡ
ôˣе죬û뵽ٲżϵٶȻͦġ
һߣҩݵĹ򡢺¶ˣٲͻȻȫȥҲ֪ʲô¡
ǸͷĶʦ߳ҩſǰתһȺ˾ǶҺúôߣ
ҩ˵ͷΨΨŵŵһΥ˼С
Ȱٲŵȫ߳ȥ󣬺¶ʵ٣ǲǰٲŷˣ
϶ǣôȣȥΣաʵԼеˡ
ٲֹҽɷ£ͨ˵϶Σա
ڶ֮ĶͨһСıȥĻܿҪС
Լļ壬ȻһλٲųϽãλϲΪһǮ御ľ
ʱûд򶷵ļ󣬹ûôš
˲׷ʲô£ȫսսδ֪Σգֻܵȴ尾顣
ô찡ǻûŶӰأ¶ЩǼ˵
¶һĨŵЦ⣺ڣ㲻õ򲻵ҩݣĵȴˡ
¶֪ǳ˵ȴʲôҲˣֻϣٲ˿
ʱţţڵ֪ǸôˣûΣգ
ţţʱˣ㻹һؤأ˵Ѿٲ˴˫ˣͱˣ¶̲סǳһ䡣
һ˵ţţۿͺˣһʱҪ޳ӡ
̫̫ǵ˺¶һۣȻţţԴοϹ˵ǸСǺˣкñ϶׻ġ
̣𣿴һûµİɣţţ̧ͷ̫̫۾һգһգġ
̫̫΢Цͷ϶ûµġ
һԿðҡͷСӾǵ
˵Ѿˣôܻƽ¡
ֻǲǺ¶֪ٲͻȻ£ʵһжΪ
̤ٲʱٲصȫˣٲû۶
ٲŹλϣÿλذٲõϡҩġ
һ̣λ϶ˡ
һλߣסϵ֣ŭȵСӣſϣΪһ˶ҰٲţܰȻȥ
ֻȡһҶɣøңȻǵĶϡȻΧסİٲŸַ
仰˵꣬ٲŵӶסˡ
ظַô£ΪȡһҶɣ
⻰˵˭ţ
ϣСϹ϶ĳɵˣͼıǰٲŵҩĶλϳסСӣùңϴ˵
ߣҲǰٲŵĴϣ˵¶ɫ
Ʒϣ϶öԸ
ǳֵĻп˵ϡ
νͶ
ϻԥȴ̾һˣǲȡҾԼȥң鷳һá
Сӣ㵱ҰٲҪ峿֣𣿡ϳȻһӣʮڳǰ
ϲ׼ϳ֣õ̽һ̽ĵס
̽ĸɵĹ䣬ǾͺöԸˡ
żʮԾԾԡҪֵӣҡҡͷȻͱ˷ʱ䣬һϰɡ
Сӣ̫ԴǰٲŵӸǾӢѵ㣿һλϰȻ
Ļ˵ǵİʮͻȻ֮䣬Ĭų
ǹһȣֻĳһƣɲǼ͵Ʒ磬εÿһӶ޷۾ǸоƤƷι֮󣬻ۡ
ƾƷ磬üʮη壬ҽȫˡ
㡢ôᣬѾˣϲŵʵ
ΪƷϣҲʹ徳۷ˮƽ
¶һ֣϶Ǵ徳۷ô򵥡
ϷһЦĳ治
ϱĳòȻŭСӣΪҰٲҰٲżλϣҲһס
УһϣҸʱ䡣˵ţɿסֱ۵֣ȻϾվԭأȴλϳ֡




1676¡Σյĳ
 

ٲϣû뵽Ȼ˵ز
ѶϵʣǻͶ
ڳȻѶϸſˡ
ҲζǶֵĻκι˼ɡ
ǲøСӽʲôأһסȻˣ
϶Գߺޣֺܼɵ֣󳤴һսپʱֹס
˵ôȻҲԼʲôˡ
Ͼ磬ǿΪ𣬳Ȼô࣬ѾжʵһϣҲԶ١
֣
ϻһ䣬ƴȭб˹
һͬϣӸλרҪ
˫ĿһݣһȻûǼ˫Ļʩչ̫
ԼܶĶ֣ǱѹԼʵ
ͻȻһֳ嶯ĸоԼӶʵպܲ
ĳԣҲпý٣һҷ
ţ˫һչѺͰٲϽ֡
һ˲䣬ȭŽ֮ƣֵƣѹսİٲŵȫˡ
ǴӲһһ˶Կǰٲŵϣ
ȻҲΪЩӼʶ̫٣ٲΪɣеĹ綼ṳ̂ȥûĹ֡
ϣСжϵʵ
֪СӳĸɣŶʮͰ书ôߣ
ԽԽľ
ǱΪһ֣֮ھ³
ǹУȴ࣬˶óǳɡ
Ҫ֪ʵûӶʵǻ𾪡
УܿϣżӿеٶȺ
һʵ˫һͳüŵ
¡¡¡
ֻгԼһоûС
ףӰΰĸ̾һ䣬òԽʵʤ
ѹʵĳȭѾУսȻز
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룬Ҳһ
һͬ뵽ѵСǴһˣȫҩݣ
һӹȥ
ϼһ㶼û۵ӣǶҪΪ޾ˣ
ԽԽͷѹԼʵȻ书ߣսϵ˼ӻû¶
ôȡʤ֮Ǻͷƴˡ
ʱٲ⣬ͻȻܽһӣһϲĵϣˣɽ
ٲöԸǿУһϲ̷Ը
ǵӼΧһˣǴһ£ȴٴηԸŷӦ˳ȥ
ϹЦСӣһߴΧ㣬㻹ֶܼã
Ҷٻˣáʵûĵս
ֻҶɣȻˡ
ϼϲȫʮ֣Сĵ
ܿ죬ǾͷֳӺζ
ΪҶٻûǾ͸оԵ»
ĳл֮ǰͣܿ죬ʵǸϴڴڴŴеĶ֮
ֹУٶȱ¶
һ¾ͷ֧ȭ͹ϡ
ⳤ϶ܲһȭСʮˤڵϣʧȥս֮
һ֣ϵҲԽԽ
һڣ֣ϴˣп಻
ڣȫ϶֧Ųסˣ򱻳ȭͷС𵹣ܽһ˲֮䡣
ٲĵӣȫĿɿڴζţܹһ˴ϡ
ʵͰǰɵǲš
˭ҴҰٲˣס֣ͻȻһȣҶٵ
ҶٴһȺ㶾Եĵӳϵ˭֮Щ˶ԭء
¡ֵܣô㣿Ҷپ㵵ͬʱҲܲ⡣
Ϊʲôǵȴɽˣ
ϸӲ⡣
ϳվʵʶСӣ
ϣǺλֵǲǲʲô᣿Ҷ뵽⵱пܴʲôᣬ׷С͵С͵ҵŮСǵʱС㣬ȫûҺóֵܳ־ǡ
˵СӾǵȫˡ




1677¡
 

û
ҶٵȷϣٴȻ
ҲǳֵܵĻҲ޷Ůϡ
Ҷ˵ţͷĿߵСһۡ
Сɫ΢΢һ죬ٴοе㲻˼
ڻ·ϣѾҶٵĸ򶯣ĳԼףֻǱ滹Ը˵
ôº󣬴˵СӾǣ촳ǰٲãѼλ϶ˣͼǵҩģһ£ǰٲž;޷ˡ
⡱Ҷһʱ㵡
ΪͳǲʲôᣬϾȻ˵ҩݵģš
ʱСڵ´ôЩҩݣʮöĲݶϡ
ߣȻŮҰٲŶʮöĲݵ飬ɻûˣڵȨǳǴϣһҲҶӣճµľǵĵˣɵӦÿҩˣζóѣ
ҶϵĻɵһЦҾóֵӦòǵжɵˣܿһλҽ
ʵҶֲ²⣬ѳɿɮһĸˡ
ҪȻΪʲôһ˳ڻɽҰ֮Уֿտգʲô
Ϊɮʵ̫ˡ
ɮͷ桢ڣһľ·ϡ
ҿɮǱܳ˾úʹ飬糤ڶʳˮڻȵľ̿ϡ;ܿϺ飬Щ־Դﵽ֮
ʵҶٲµû˾Ųʮ
Ȼǿɮ̤ϱ֮ܽãʵǺͿɮ׷һ飬ͨϴ
Ҷ˵ϷԳݸˣҽ˵ҽ
ûֵܵҽܸǰٲſһ˱ȵϡҶʵԼҲҽ
ڳϣҽ֮߳ˡ
ϾǴƾõĹҽ֮һ
ٲͨĲҽֲϡҩġ
԰ٲڹҽҽǿġ
ĿתСӶҽĻ˵ǹҽʮҡĴˣǾ͸ҩݣˣˣסٲã
ϣֵҵľˣҶٶʱʮΡ
뷢ŭʱڵҶֻҪһҶɸβǰٲҩһȤҲûС
˵ҶٵȻѡš
ʱ߶СӵĹǺһͬУ
ҶһΡ
֪ϱˣϹȥ˿϶Ըⳡᡣ
ʶ˳ΪˣóʲôжԹҽһɣԸǰٲŵĸ֣˻Ǿ͵λϣһ
ѵҪڲ𣿡ϵҺλ϶ԴУ̬һ£ϣ㲻ҪٱСԻˣǿаɣ
Ҷٲ֪ԴʱСͻȻЦǶ´ˣ붯֣
Ů޶ݵ÷ŭСһۣ漴Ҷ٣ϼôڴˣ㵲סˣҲһʱ䣬ȷڵĸֹСӾˣ
ʲôǻ֪ͨ˷ڵĸ֣Ҷٵһ
ʮĵûڸӦÿϹˣԴҲؾţС徳ʵɳһ֣ܰ
˻һٲĵӣȫʮܡ
ڶ˵һǸ߸ϡðĴڡ
ÿˣǶñϹϾӭӣүүš
Ϊڵĸ֣ʵȷʵ̫̬ˡ
ţ͵ʵ
ǳڸּɽڿҪҪǿӲķʽҶȻˡ
ɹֻд徳ˮƽöԸ
Ĵ֣ǾͱȽ鷳ˡ
ţһ˳ܽϲɫеϣˣ
ô죿̫ˣ۳ϻǵǣȫʮϲ
ǻ³÷ڸûҩˡ
ڸ־Ȼôٶȸ³߶߲ˡ
ڶϹҩݺ⣬ԽԽܷˣ˶ãٲžܳΪĴҽ֮ףһ뵽ɵԹ⸴⡣
仰˵߽꣬һһŮˣеӢˬŮģ˴ŵĹϣһѷɵ־
Ƿڵĸ֡
ɹĸ֣ȳҪᣬȴ档
Ϊţеָ츳ˣʮͻƶһ㶼ϡ档
ǴҩģиһĮĿڵ
Ȼת
ôû뵽ˡ




1678¡װ
 

ŷڣ֣תһĲɵõһ̫Сˣ
û뵽Լڱ֮ܽ·ϣѧԺһ꼶߰ѧ
û֣ǳ̹տɿɡ
Ҳһ꼶߰ࡰĴԸ
ֻǳϳԼѧտɿȴϲ
Ϊó̿ʼ֮ǰͨ沿СıԼòûп˵տɿ޷ͨò
ѧοϲǵΪ༶ķϲѧȴܹţһڼ̵ʱڣܲΪ֮ο
ûϳʦ֮ͻȻһĴ˿СЦ
ڵĶλˣСӾͼıҰٲҩݵĶͽҺͼλ϶СӴˣλΪǱ𣡡΢΢ͷϹϾĿ
Ҳһͬ׵üտɿʮֹ
ɫᣬʵڰ͵Ц붥űɾĸоʵ̫ˣ
ʵǶԸ񣬵ΪάֶڹŵòװֻЦ̵úࡣ
տɿҲһѧԺǸŮڰٲŵȴһŮ
˵˻ǵһγִ˵ǲܵģοʱ·˵ְٲŵĵֻһȴܴ˰ٲϡ
ʵտɿɶеûס
Ϊʵû
츳ߵīڶڴ徳۷壬ճĹ㣬īŻҪһʱͻƶ
տɿɵȻܱīĽ졣
ֻΪĳԭǰҵѡ
ȿȡСӣĸɵģǷڵĸɰٲŶҶòͷǲǣ
İЦƽʱһ˶ź󷴶װˡ
һװģ
ˣڸ϶͹ġ
տɿʮ־ǣǰضݵˣһҲǵӡ
˵껰֮󣬳ı黹Ǻޱ仯
ĸû׵ͬʱҲеŭˣСӣ㻰أưǲǣ
Ȼ𣬾վԭأ뿴é®ѧδĳ档
Σ˶һԲĲ֪ôˣֻܿߵտɿɡ
տɿɴ˿ǣһˣôؼʱ̻ҪңˣմСɣ
ţտɿɵüһ㺮˪ĵ󵨶ͽٲҩݣҷԣʶĻ̹ֱɵ飡
տɿ仰̲סҪЦ
Ӳıסˡ
ҶٺСһһ㶵ģСʮֲ⣬ô´ʱװưˣ
Ȼ˵ստɿɵ˵һǸưͣǲøϻ˰ɣ
˼ֱӿ򣿡տɿɵе飬ǿɻûнһһ˴ٲϣܿǶ֣ôù
֪ʦֻʦһͺˣʧߡʧߣ˿ʮֺڣǰǰĵı֤Ҫʦʦտɿ˳С
û뵽һִ񣬾Ҫˣ
˱浭ʵŵӣǲɵ΢΢
ٲԽԽˡ
ΪʲôڵλˣԸһͽҪһɲڵһ簡
ǸλˡСʾСӲưֻͣʮԸм˵ֻҪλ˳֣ضСӼʶʲôˡ죡
ϵĻѾǰʾʾˡ
Ͱٲ£ȫڴĿ⿴տɿɣϣ˳ֶԸ
ô죿ҪˣԽԽ
һ̣ͻȻжʵװı仰ǳе
ԼֻǷʵ˵ӣҪտɿһװư
װˣ
ɿɣһϰɣǵǷڵӣСӾ书ǸߣҲҶôֻѡ֣ڸֵҪȻ޴ˡ
տɿҧҧ˵еϣ
˶һ֮󣬶ĴȡڵĶű
ȷ˵ǶŰ
ΪţĹʹõıŲͬߵǻءҩͰ·ӡ
ֵľǰտɿг֮󣬾Ҫʼϰҩ֪ʶ




1679¡򲻹
 

Ƿ似ͨûϵĻӴ
տɿõһͶصķɵõöǮڣ˽ںѧµĹ䣬ѾƶѧԺ似Ǹðˡ
ѧĶɡһЦһֶֻС
ƵĶտɿɵĺʤ֮ġ
һʩչַеİ
ݣ
ƿ֮ڳİٲŵֻȴûһ˿尵ķй켣
ãڲǵһڣտɿɺֵһ˲䣬ͲĴ
Ȼһ̣ɵˡ
ֻɵľͽտɿɵǰѷɵöǮڽӵϣȻʧҡҡͷ
ôܣɴ۾һŵɫ
ķǰ˵ڵİһ֣ʵ̫󣬷־ԽӲס
ΪǶֲ֣ͽֽסڴ徳߷İҪС
뵽һ㣬տɿ֡
ͬʱ뵽һ㣬ǾǶͱǴһˣܿǿߣ
Ҳ˵ͬڷšϼĳˣ
뵽տɿֻʣһ뷨Ǿӣ
ôõǵһִ񣬾ı̬
İȾӵĻʲô涼ˣȥҲǰʦʦ㡣
ҧҧһɫĵɿɣǲΪһγʧܾͺӣԵĻô֪Լ򲻹
˵öԣҲӣϣտɿ˵ţеѾȥ˴롣
ֶ˵һۡ
ÿֽס;öǿߣδеԼԼˡ
˵ԷֻǸպĽӰַ
տɿɺٴȡһΣǵд־ڱصõľ⡣
˵İˮƽеʧѧǵûкµܣսݾֵð
ɣ
һΣڿڣ˵֡
ֻǼ̵֣ȴտɿһ
ǻԼĶǲǳ⣬֮䣬ĳʦ
ǲˣտɿɲ˼Ŀ
óʦܳ𣿡˵ԼղžˣְɣͽԻˣ
տɿŵһͷס˫ֵķɵȻ׼
öǮڣ˵ڶγ־ʹ㷢ӳǵļʵ
һ̣տɿɷǳĬͬʱ֣
ڶηİԲ׽ƿ֮š
Ϊϲû뵽˵ĵڶγ֣ˮƽȻȵһθ߲٣
ܺá˵֣ȻĴָסָȷĵһѷɵһɵ̵תһѷɵײһȻѷɵٴתöǮײȥ
һײѷɵöǮڣȫ䵽˵ϣʧȥ
һ֣տɿɵ
ٲˣֱʯֻŵôģʲô˵
ʵ̫ˣ
һƵ˷ڵĶŰַ
㡢㵽ʲôˣһ˵һʾտɿӡ
Լסǿĵˡ
տɿһ˿ⶼûУ־Ȼ֮ɫһ˵̬
ȻʧЦǰǲû̹ǣ̫ǿĵˣӲӾӣ
㡢ǣտɿǼʮּ
ǻǲš
Ϊǰˣλʦȫ
տɿɣҪɵվŵʲôʱ򣿡̲סЦһ䡣
Ϥ׼ȷĺǵտɿɴʱﻹףǰ֮ˣǵĳʦ
ʦô
˳ȥ֮ǰĸһܵǰһץųһ첲öˡ
һĻ˰ٲˡ
Ҷٺͼλϣ˿̲֪ж𺳣
ĿУڵĸһ߸ϣŵ̬
֣ôͳʶҿӻԳǳ𾴡
ô£
ʦôˣտɿΪŮӣ˼ȽϸУϾ뵽ʦǲʲô鷳òıԼò
һЦҵǣôôҵ˷ڣ
ʦ뿪ѧԺ֮󣬲þǱҵѧԺյӣԺ˵ǲýҲܽţȻǾͱѡˣٺܿĽ͵
ʵ̫ˡ




1680¡ǿʦĴ˵
 

ŶԭԺǿĺţʱȻ
ҲǣƶѧԺͳпɵ
ѧûͻƶͱϲҵǶѧɺܴӰ졣
տɿûͻƶͱѡˣǺһ׮ԺԸˣǳ֮
ʣտɿɶе㲻˼
Ͼûͻƶͱѡϣıҵ
һ˵ı飬֪ʲô˵ЩĻȴٲŴѹ𾪿ڵλˣ⵽סô£
ھãƺտɿΪˡеŤˡ
ϾտɿǰٲŵĴǰԵһ
տɿɵɡˡǱ˳
ʣתͷҲҪǰٲô£ȻǵĳʦΪͽֱ޴
ѵ⣬ٲ˵ɫˣرǼλϣȻ̿Ρ
ʱտɿҲǰٲŶϹӰǳʦôõǵҩݣҳʦҪҩݵĻӦùԹԷϣ
λһǲ̫ףֵܵʲôݣѵǷڵĹͣҶСʵ
ֻ²⣬ѳɷڿһ
ֻŽ͵ͨΪʲôڵĸֻԳ𾴡
ʦǷڵĹ;ͺˣǾǷڵң
տɿɵÿһ仰ðٲ˾治ѡ
ȻλŮУĵλǳ֮ߡ
˶һһէĹǵˣʦƶѧԺǿʦڽ֮ǰѧ
ԭˣ
Ҷ١ϻһڰٲˣȫ¶Ȼɫ
ֲڸ֣һһʦԭ˺꣬ȻƶѧԺʦһǸ
ʶֶΣٲŵӶĻŲɣóƶѧԺǿʦһⶼûС
ЩѧԺڹƶ£ƶϡȵҲʼٰѧԺй츳ѧЩѧԺ÷ǳɹ
ǰƶѧԺһ£ĹעǾѧԺа֣ǳɹĵֿסˣûʲôʧ˵ڵֿаڵĹУѧԺλǿʦ·ǳĹͣ˵һ֮аɹĸ֡
º󣬹ѧԺڹˡ
λǿʦҲһ˵
ٲƽʱȤţͻλǿʦ
ֻζû뵽ڴ˵еǿʦվǰ
ǾȻʮ޴İѳҩݵĶͽ
һ˲䣬ڲѡ
¡ʦǳԲ飬ϣдһϴ˿ֻ̻̿ϣҪһŭ֮£ǰٲŸˡ
ȻֻĹ˼ά
ΪǿΪ뵱ȻΪԼɷ˴ͻ¸
ʵϳüƽֻ̫࣬һЦ˵ˣֻȡһҶɵģǷҪҵʲôжɵĶͽ
۲ʶ̩ɽĺܶԲ𣡡ٴεǸ
һˣֻܵͷȴĴ
ǻϿȥʦȡҶɣ
ǡǣϾȥ˵ţæ߽ٲңȡҶȥˡ
ֿҶ˵ҶǿɽšҩģΪλҪ߼ƱΪҽ£ûҽ
ʦʦĹأǼȻ˵ӽ쿪ʼһȡƱƣͬʱҩļ۸øҩģҶٺ¾ĵ
ʵˣֻɴ²һ˿Ծģ漰ɵĺҵ񣬱һ
֮ǰϷֹܸҩãƱҲǵķݣҶԼȡЩҲû취
ڽųٴڳļȻɫÿȴûһ˸վԡ
ǶԼҷԵĻڸְǵĳݸϵ
ҶڷϳػϣԺǰٲźúþӪҽƫĳ˵
ҶæͷǣֿЦʦҽƷУйŴҽŷ磬ϧԹŴҽҺɣֱջڻභĵȫҽΪʮҡĴɣȫΪսŽҽǰٲҲֻԼ޷ıҽ뷨




1681¡òȡ˵Ĵ
 

ҽصԶɡȻ̤˱֮ܽ·ʼûΡ
˫Ļȴػ
ҽһ㶼ĻǾͲҡˡ
ܿ죬ȡҶɳ˫ֳʵǰ
ӹҩݺתȥ
տɿɣһڰٲˣæ
Ҳܶ˸ţҶɽţţ֮󣬾뿪ٲš
ҩŵȴĹ˿ͣͨŴ߹һȺˣȫŵɫס
Ѿܵͷˣܵ·ֻһǾȺ߹ķǾӳȥġ
ô졢ô찡ǲҪˣ¶ȫڵȴĹУ֪˼ֻ
̫̫ǽţţڻʲô˵
ȳ߽ţţͻȻ˫ĿһǴˣû£̫ˣ
ǸСӣ̫̫ͣ۾̫ã˿̫塣
ͺ¶Ѿˡ
ǱΪѾڷȴû뵽ƽҳŵһȺٲˣԳΪףȫô¡
٣֪ؤͰٲʲôϵ𣿡¶ʵ
һʣеҲסˣô֪Ǽˣ
󣬳˽ҩãй˿ȫԭأų·𿴵ʲô˼Ĵһ
ǰǶ͹һѳ˺ؤ
ڳ³֣߸˵
ؤǲˣװʵͬʱһٲų϶˸
ϾǺ彻õλ
ҲаٲųϵĹϵŸ˵
һ˵꣬ͺˣΪǸ˲Աŭ
ŵһԭµĲǳԼ
ʦҳǰɣõľ˶صʦŭһǰžžž˹ơ
˲䱻ˡ
˺ü룬ŻعŭĿ˭Ҵ٣֪֪ٿǡ
ž
һơ
ӣҶʦ͵ðƣ
һƣùǶѪˣҲҶ죬ֻӲסŭ
ɵƣʦǰٲĴˣһүʦǳؤϽʦһɣ͹彻õλϣصŭ
¹ɵҲ֪ԼֲĴͨһڵϣһ϶ԳĵԲ𡢶ԲҲ֪ĴԺҲòȡˣ
Źǰһ̻ޱ磬ȴһһԳģ¶ʮָӣڲӳˣǻ˾η̬ȡ
ôõһ˺꣬Ȼز¶Ĵ
߹ʱ¶оԼ·ֹһ㡣
µҲģҲͺ¶һۣ̫̫ţţǰץţţһֻ֣ţţ̯ȻҶɷţţϡ
硢ǣţţϲʵ
Цش̿ԵҶɣҩҩ̵ĿԾҩ
лллл磡ţţ˵üҪʵ̫̫ˡ
һŵԣ̴Ҷɡ
ĹӸ򸶳Ʋ˵Ĵۣţţţкñжĥ
Сӣ̫лˣ̫̫Ҳʮּ֪ݿ϶ܲ򵥣һСӽее㲻˼
л
΢ЦţţСѣȻվĿӹڵϵĹһԵԴĺ¶ڶҩĿˡ
֮ǰ߹ɽ˵ǳؤ˺
ʵòȡˣ֮飬Ҳǡ
ôˣԸˮȡʳģֻţţһ
ҸҶɣΪ˱ţţʳ֮
ͺ¶ʮ
ҩ˻ãֻѳؤǳԵıֳԳͱġ
˳һ˵˶޵ˡ
ţţ˸߲ҵֵ磬˵øж˶Ǵˣһˣ
ţţҲǴˣٴţţСԴȻ˵ҪٴˣԵټɣ
˵仰ǵҩȥûٻͷţţҲûпѧ
ʦҪȥտɿɺæϡ
ͳúһɣû뵽˵߾ߡ
ҩһʱ䶼ûӦ
ֱʧУţţŷǳĺ磬һټģ

߳ҩõĳҪɽȥȴоտɿɸ
ǻȥڰɣøҡ
ʦôĺտɿɿ첽ߵߣסĸ첲ѵͲ֪߰ѧȥЩ𣿡
ǰʦƶѧԺҵѧö඼ȥ˺ܲţѧ°˵




1682¡봨
 

¡û뵽Լֻ˶̶һʱʦȴܵõ˸ߵۡ
ʦְҵ˵¼˵ˡ
˳ĵȻǺԺġ
ֻȥһ꾭һɾ֮һ
ǡ۹ͷԽΪȥĳɾͶմմϲ
ʦȻѧԺĺܶѧûбԽ̵Ǳҵʱ˵ˣȥ棬ѧԺѧǻֵصʦ˵仰ʱﱥŸм֮顣
Ͼ̵ֹѧϵ֪ʶѧԺΣ֮ʾȫʦ
տɿҲһ񵱳ѧԺʰᡢ̳
ΪǧСտɿ뷨˵ѳĶ鿴ñʲôء
˵ЦЦȻҵˣӦҲкܶûͻƶͱҵİɣ
ʦµû߰࣬ܶѧҵˣĴ֮⣬Լϼңĺѡ˽ǱߵһšˣֿʼѧԺʱ
ʵһī˾أ
û׿磬Ϊ׿ûͻƶ֮ǰ϶Ըҵ׿־
ī˾ᶼѧԺ׿磬ѧԺ̿ѧտɿɻش˶ֵ˳ʦѧܣѾѡˣĽðڿɱǷǿˣ
ŵһͷ
ܱѡУһⶼûУԸղҲûʡ
ܺͻʸʦڤǸŮϵƾܵı̬츳Ҫ󶥼Ȼ졣
һҲտɿɲɵ룬ʦ̫ˣԼⷽ滹Ҫúʦѧϰ
֪˼ѧϢ󣬳ҲûʲôǣңʵѯʣѾΥ˫
֮ܽߵһ룬վ޿ɱǰˣǰ¡
̾һתȥտɿɣҪˣǺΪ֮ɡ
ʦҪȥտɿɼæʵ
һֱܺ棬Ϊʲôʦö˶˵ģȴԼŪɿɮһȻһɽҰ֮УѵҲһУ
ȥҲٺҳʦ˵߷ҡ֮ҡ
˵֮ǰǵʯȥ
տɿɶһۣæϡ
ʦǻڵĿأտɿ˵֮ǰõ󣬡ּĸ֣ڿ϶ޱȾһ𣿡
ҡҡͷɽȥ
տɿɺȴͻȻٸˣӽǱ㲻ʦ
仰˵÷ǳأտɿɺᣬҲֹֻסŲ۰Ͱ͵Ŀͳʧɽ¡
Ҳ֪ʦʲô飬ܰæͺˡտɿ̾
Ҳ̾һʵ̫ˣæҲõЧʱ򷴶Ϊʦ׸ǻȥżӽ´ʦһҪǹĿ࿴
˵öԣǽһ°ٲţȻͻȥտɿ˫гġ

֮УԶٲŵλá
һ·϶˼ǷҪԶ̣㡰
һʶ̫ˣҲ̫ˡ
˵֮ܽʱɽҰ֮УҲпʶˡ
ϾǱڻĵǧɽ֮С
룬̹ѧ
ɺϣóòİţĿ飬ǹ¡
ԭ߹֮Ѿɽˮ֮䡣
տɿɵĳ֣ȷʵĺܶ䡣
˶ǺܻɵģҲ⣬һη֣ҡĺѺѡ
һʦ˼档
ǷҪױܿ⣬˼֮󣬳ջǾ˳Ȼ
Ȼ·һж찲ŵĽҲֻ
ʱǿȥرһЩ飬Щ鷴
νǸǻǻ㲻
Լǰʶˣҡ磬ĳˡ
󣬳һ·̹ȻУط羰հַţ֪ʮչȥ
ʱѾʮ£뿪ʡ磬
ûп̣ܿһ·ϿԿٲǰεο͡
ÿһ·ܿ·Ե·ƻߵ߸ϣ޵Ǻ졣
ԼûмʱգŷԭѾͽһ࣬ùڵˡ




1683¡ɽ
 

ʮʣձϷ
ʮ¹ıǽߵͣܶѾʼްˡ
˵ʮ֮󣬲󲿷ֵ£215϶ңֵѩ
һ·У·ϵԽԽϡ١
о屻һƬƬѩ׵Ķǣŷ֮䣬һСѩ
ѵĳǿҲо䡣
һûô⣬ʳĺöֻҰҰ˵Ļ˵һּĿ顣
Ȼܵסǵı
һǳһŵѩԼĽӡٶȼûм֡
ǿˣץһѩ̽ӣ˵Ļ۾ʶһ·ܹʳõҰݡ
죬ۿȥڿǰѩһɽ
;ռ飬ڵˣ
ɽҾɵǵ׳١紵ɹӣøӼ㣬һи֮Ѵϴȥ
ֻһ۴ѩɽͷ·
ݼ˫˵ļѩɽǼɽͼϵҪ־
ǰĴѩɽڲ߷ǳƹɽ
ƹɽ³زŭˮϵķˮ룬ͬʱΪرϡض
ɽٹɽ5000ϣɽμͣΡɣ˻׳ɽΰĸɽ֮һ
ҷѩɽƹɽ
ߵ·ߣȫͳ֮·Ǻϡ
֮󣬲ſʼԽһѩɽ
ߵɽţ͸оͷԷ·ó
֪ǸԭӦˡ
˵ǿվΥȻɡ
ֻǳԶˣԭӦ˵ʲô
һһӡԼĽɽһ̣·ؼֻʣһˡ
ΧǰããĻѩѩɽϵһлľװعγһ˼ıѩ硣
ߴʤһݵλƺҪΪĵһˣǲҪġһɽһ˼Ҳ֮ϣΪ޸˼
һֱعĶ˰ƽƽһ
ֻظ̫֮Զ󱧸ȥɡ
ӢۻǵˣǳԵìܡ
α֮ܽ·Ϊ˽ҲΪѰĿҪĴ𰸡
ʥ˳ȴΪ
֮ͨܽԼƺ쳾ΪԼϴ֮󣬸Ӧϧ쳾ʱعף׵۹⣬ضǰѡ
һ˼һɽ֪ȥСʱ
ƹɽϺ3000֮󣬳ڿʼо
רҵɽӲͬûЯκεɽ豸ˮʳﶼû
κ֪ѩɽΪ϶ѩɽϡ
Щרҵĵɽӣÿ궼Ҫ˲ˡ
ۿɽضһȫ䶯
׳٣Ѿȵĳˡ
ȻԼҺȣΪʱҺõöࡣ
ǵɽʵòȥҲѩ顢ҰݣƤԵģӡ
£ǷԽѩɽ
ֳԽ޵־ó֮
ѩɽ֮󣬸̡ܸ
˺4000ףòٶȡ
￪ʼÿһߵúܼѡ
ġ޷Ķˡ
ԭӦóͷһ˼·Ҫѿһ㡣
ȱͷʹѡ̵֢״
ʱ򣬳ⲢЩ֢״ĳ֣޾Ϯ˯⡣
֪жٸʱֱ̣ѩϺú˯һ
֪һ˯ȥܿԶѲˡ
ܶרҵɽʿѩɽϵġ
ҧأ
ߣ͸ѩ濴ȥǰȻмӰڶ
ǡѩä֢Ӱ죬̫ǰӰӡ
Ѿ裬ǼӰӵɴѩɽϵޣѩ֮ġ
ڵ״̬ҪԸüֻѩĻԻļ
˼Ӻ󣬳ǼӰӲûпƶ
Ұޣ
ͻȻ뵽һֿܣǼӰӺܿǵɽӵˡ
²֮ӰӵȷʵԽԽࡣ
ȷǸԭӦѩä֢µĻþ
ǳַĵ
ٶȣ漸ӰҪһЩ
Լ˰Сʱλþ뼸ӰӲˡ
øøȻµû
Ӱϵװǵɽɣ




1684¡ʵ
 

ڳĿܼĻڣܹ߸ɽԱȫһװȻÿ˶ŻĿͨǵòжϳ߸ԲͬĹҡ
Ҳ˵һ֧ʵɽӡ
˵ɽӣɽҲ
һʱ֮䣬߸ɽԱȫסˡ
Ȼһŷҿʲô
һŮ˵
ܹ4000ϵŮˣ˵͵һŮˡ
ȴĳ𾪵òˤڵء
Ů˵ľԱҲķ
ȻһƬ֮
찡ǲǳֻþˣ
ˣǻþһˣûκεɽװһλᷢġ
֮ÿ˶ޱȵ𾪡
ûʲô̫ķӦɽӵ֮󣬾ҪԹԵ
٣ѣ㲻ˣΣգǸǿŮ˴ѵ
еĻҲеǣҾҪǵİæ
߸ɽԱʹĶԳ֣ȻĬ
û뵽֧ɽģ
һ£ͣȵɽԱ
ӣ߸ȫǰĴų
գǸӿʣǣ㲻벻ɣôһ˲һװƹɽ
ҵȻ벻ڷѩ΢΢һЦԵʮƽֻǺһԼѵĿ顣
ǣʵ̫˼ˣ˫һ٣ʾ̾
ɽԱҲǷ׷׾̾ǿܹһˡκ豸ƹɽ4000׵ĵطֱ񼣣
һˣ100׾Ҫɽ£
ǸǿŮ̾˿϶ϵ۵ΰ̫ˣ
ǣ㲻𣿲𣿡ӿųѵ֪ʲôԼ顣
ȻЦҵȻоܺ䡢ƣⲢֹҷԽѩɽľģλټˡ
˵֮Ҫߡ
æǣҺ㳬Խ༫޵־ߵĻ̫ΣˣִҪ͸һ߰ɣҲиӦ
ڲһ𣿡ЦЦȻʼϡ
߸ɽԱʹʵǹ߸ϡ
һһ߿ͽҡֱۡƺָ÷죬Ȼȵץʯٶȱȴרҵʵǹߵǻ죬߸˲ٴ̾
û뵽Ļ֣Ȼܵǿ׳ˣһӢʽ˴˵ˣӦǻĺܳŶԣ֡
OKǸӣҲĶѱ˸ƣȻϷĳ˵ǣմǶʶ
ճ¡ֻشϡ
ǸǿŮˡҲǵɽΨһŮһ¾ˣ˷ܵĽе£̫ˣΪǿ׳ˣҽаȣ㽻ѣ
ȣǿϳ˰ɣȷʵֻг̬ʣܹԦͷĸʨɽԱȤ˵
ЦǸұ죡ֻǾóµǳ˼飬һ룬ǰйͽʵѩɽһûУ
ɽԱ޷ǲ붼֪Ͼû˸ɽΪûʲô
£񼣣Խ˵Խȣ޲ÿȥס
ʼû̫һӦ
߸ʵ߶ˣԸ϶ǲ֣Լڽһǰ޹˺ߵΰ˶˷ܡ
£ܸ֪ǣ𣿡ջӺʵڼ֤ΰ̣ɹǶҿ԰뼪˹¼ȫ磡
ûлشֻǻͷһЦʵǡ
ʵĳϣѾȫˡ
Ǿаš
֮󣬳ڶνȫһȤûС
Խǲ𣬵ɽӾԽء
Ƕļ⣬ԻĻʹ˵ǳȤ
ƹɽһΪսޣԼļ¼
Ϊļʥɽ壬пܳǸȤĻĹϴ˵ż
ƹɽľʥأҲش˵ĵط
ݴ˵ʷϼأƹɽ㡣
ͳر԰ټƵƹɽ令Ҫһλԭ飬ʦշΪ̻ͬʱʮƱ֮һΪƱػ




1685¡Ƥ
 

֮ܶƹɽǲصؾ˽֪ľߴ顣
ɽ⣬ƹɽĴ˵˳û˵ԼݣͰɽ˵롣
˫ĿĽе˵»᲻ɽʹߣɽָǣҵɽ񱦲أ
һ׷ױü
ȣҾĲ²пܣϲгʱ̬࣡һ˷ܵĸ͵
ɽʹߣǾ̫ˣ
ԱۣջӶеˡ
Ͼһֿտճں4000ϵѩɽȷʵͬһ㡣
ٺá־ǿ࣬顣
ţϷĿⶼһˡ
Ҹ£ɽʹʱʧһȣӿʵٶȣҲΣԡ
ѾȣŰ³ͻȻʧ
ƹɽ߷庣Ϊ7117ףҲ˵͵ɽӾ붥ľ룬дԼ3000ס
֮ǰٶȣɽ뻹Ҫ810Сʱܵ϶塣
Ϊ˸ϳȫӳ˵־յǶٶȱԤƵҪһЩ
߷֮߸ɽԱϲ죬Χһ𻶺ף
ֻгĴΧľɫȻһȥ
ʹҪѰɽĲƱˣϣֹͣףնûüæȥ
ڸӵɽȥսһխұڷ϶֮ڡ
߸ʵ߾ͬʱҲʼԥ
֪ųȥܻܿΣա
˭֪ұڷ϶ʲô
һȱĻǾͺ߳ˡ
ȻߣհȻǾȥ
ȻǼ⡣
ʵ߲ɽ˵֮ûиһȥȴ
ʵұڷ϶
֮һССɽ֮ûͨеĵط
ɽһЩݲݣĳЩ֪Ұ޵ĹͷҲ֪˶ˡ
£̫ˣȻ㷢ɽһʮ˷ܵĿڡ
ʵһƹɽ֮ǰ˽֮ǰʵǼ¼
ûκһ¼˵ƹɽɽһɽ
Ҳ˵ɽǵһαֵġ
ѵɽסôûпأһĴȻ¶ʧɫ
Ǻܿ췢֣ɽȥȻ
ʲôһĸߴʵ
ľٶȫһΧȥ
ԭ֣ɽһɸɾһȾĿյء
ɽ˵Ƿǳ˼ġ
ֻҪ紵ɽĵһȾ
յϣһƬǳɫ£ȥһƤ
ȥһ鲻֪µƤϣĳ֡
Щֺ׹ģͳǰ鱾￴һЩͬ
˫˵ߵɽͼ־пܻῴһЩͼҽƽ֮ѵƤͼҽйأ
ȻƤϵ֣΢һ룬;ȽƤ
СƤպñļ⿴
£Ƥʲô𣿡ȷǳʵ
Ȼá
ûش˵껰Ҫߡ
Ǹߴ⵱ס£ΪõĶмֵϣóһо
ⶫûãǾʹټɡ
˵꣬ͷҲصȥ
Ǹߴⱻưסļ򣺡ȵȣ㲻ܶ߱
һʱȣȴ˳ʱı̬֡
ֻֻǼ΢΢һʣߴ־ͱ÷顣
ߣҾͲɽʹߣҽһ°ɣҿɲΪǿˣ֮£˫ȭ
רҵʵߣʱͨҪǿܶࡣ
һ䣬ȭȥһȭֺֿ졣
ٶȣʵܱȵģ
ߴȭͷûıͱһȭţ̵ڵء
ųһȭʹǵǿʵߣȫŵվԭأκ뷨
£Բ𣡡æǸ
ƳһڵѪ⣬ȻĮ߳ɽ
ŵʵߣ˵Щʲô˵Ļᣬɽһߡ
ѾɹǶƹɽҪɽˡ
߸ʵ»Ϻȫ׷ϳ
ȸŭǸߴѵѾ˵ɽʹߣΪʲôҺ֣
Ǹߴⱻõͷȥòųӵ޿ƥе
ֻǴӽԺ󣬿Ҳ޷Ǹһˡ
ɽɽ´ߣŻĵڶˮľ
ľǲŵξ֮һ
ңϷľٰص㡣




1686¡ɴʦ
 

ľķߣȥ֮һġɫж
ԽƹɽߣΧľɫҲԽԽͬ
ǰããıѩ磬ɫ÷ḻ
ľξ㣬ÿʱڶкܶοǰ۹⡣
˳˲֮󣬾ͽ
ѡһЩ޽õɽߣѩһǳһŵǰУԼ
ɽҲÿ͡
ո̤һɽͿÿͽ֮С
λƽܣɽˮ˷ǳ࣬ѩɽĻ캮ضȻ赲հ顣
һοͣɸпǮԽԽˡ
ڶÿ֮У룬˶ǻЦһһ
ֻǰߣҲȥ˭˵˴˺Ƽʵȴǿ
֮ܽõԿյľ硣
һַҾ磬־粢Ϊ˶š
˺֮УȻܹľˮҲζһµĲΡ
΢ĸоɵһЦЦͬӤǰ㴿⡣
ֿҵ״̬ܿ챻˴ˡ
ãǲ𣿡һŮӵ
һ˵һ
ŮͬеģһŮ
һ֪ŮӦеġ
һȥηΪšкУ˸ŵĻϵĴŻı־Է߶
ܿ죬ǰʮĿų
ղſ˵ǸŮиǷ˹ʡ
ѣҲӦǲ߰ɣŮٴοڣڴĻش
һˣԭŮߣԲŻ
ںܶˣ˹֮⣬߽ҲǵһȤ
ı֮ܽΪϴ飬ڻνҲһ˵ǾһһҪһΡ
Ϊܹϴʥء
ÿ궼ˣΪϴǲǳξϾաһ޼ʵĴԭһ·Ĳߣܹǻµ
̤ϲأһ·ѾǺźǻûߣ˲ߵεͬʱעû߳֡
ʵ֮ǰҲûνߡ
ڵ˾úܣܶ͵Ĵүһһطŷ顢µˣͰǸ˵ɷڴʦ
ʵкֹܶġʦɮƭο͵ǮƣЩҪŮοͿ⣬ЩƭӼĨʥĲڡ
Ժ˶֪Ҫ۾ñʦͼٴʦ
ǰˣ֮ǰͲ㱻һװúĴʦƭ
һΪ͹ִʦ϶ƭӡ
ߣôܳԵһ֬Ƥˡ
Ѽӵֿտաһ·Ϲ¶Сκοͽ̸ˣߵζ
˵ע⡣
ǸŮ֮󣬳ûеһʱش
ȷʵһλߣҪѰҵֲߡ
ʱһŮˣôѳƺ˼أӦýдʦ
࣬Ҳǿ˼ͺǲͣдʦǰ˼ҽˡЦĵ
ʦУ˼ҿ϶㰡˵Ҳü۴Ц
ȻŮӹϵܺãһԹۡ
˵Сīλˣ֮ǰѾٴʦƭˣҾûʦͲ⣬ǿ϶ʦ
֣˵ҲͦеҮ
˵ţͻȻֳֻ΢פ㣬ֿʼһǵ˼ûС
̬ȣѡȥ
һ߸ϣһ߻ͷǸֵī˵ٴʦ϶ûƭǮλС紩ôأˮʳıûУûҪǮ϶ߣǿϣ
ĸôһ˵벻Ǽ٣ȸ˵
ڳǿ϶ΪһС˺
һӵ˳ڲȫһˡ
ĶԳ£Ѿһ롣
ߣоֹ޲̺ǾֻҪ΢̸˽⵽ˮƽ
С磬ȵǣϳǾгʦǽС磬Ѹ롣




1687¡Ů
 

ҲǳĬ֮ˣİ󵱳ɲߣתͷ΢΢һЦ֪ѰʲôҲܺǽ̸Ĳʦֻһ˰ˡ
С磬˵ҷĴʦأǵûзųԳȤˣҺߣһˣĲϣһ·ޣ϶úܶɣܲܺǷһ£
ԣһЦ
ȷʵ˲µĸ
ЩֻԼ˵Ҳܸͬܡ
Ͼȫûһ˴ϳƹ󡢹ɽԽһ£ọ́˭ܸͬܣ
𣬷ŮӸΪŮǷǳԵĶ
رǵ˲ֵطŮӵĸԻᱻʮٱķŴ
ЩŮһ·ϵţϣԼܹлС
·ɮһĳͨÿ˵ͬ˺ЩԵŮ˵ȴŲһ
ֲֹĿһ·ϻŮӵĿʱʱƮеΡ
˵εŮر࣬˰
ŮοҲвڴ֮ĲɵеС⣬Ϊȷλߵġ
ͬʱеţ³ŮߡȥС齻ˡ
˶һۣĬߵߣУŮοڨ
һĻںͬУ˶ʱЩˡ
Ǿó̫װˣǰ˽ĴʦߣǺƽ׽˵ģȴʼպܸӡ
ŮעֶΣѾˣ
࣬˵ԼˣҾǾûҪٸ˰ɣīֿڣ˼Ѿ˵úԡ
֣Ͳ˰ɣλСĴʦԲźܵ͵˵ԼˣҪۼⷢǾʹһλʦˣҺܱܿߡתͷֱһ䡣
ָӲˬã˵ǴʦǾǣǾʦָһɡ
仰һ˿ζ
ֺܿܶŮͬһλ⣬ԲŻ⡣
Ů֮飬Ѿ̫ˣֻƽĿڵϲһˣҪȫʱ;ǸϣҲҪΪǸ˽ӴԶƽϣҺֻƼˮ꣬˼ңֻ˵Լš
㡭ֱ仰˵ɫһϣһʱ侹֪η
̲סЦ
һЦһ˵С磬˵úеҲĴʦ˵Ī⣬ֻһ֪⣬㻹˵ԼҪѰҵĲʦأⲻ˵ͦõ𣿡
˵ֻ鼦϶֪ٱˡϹȥǿ
ٴλͷֵѵǱС˵ǼҺûΪʲôСǡ·ϺܶŮӵעأΪһǶûеĶʣȻС·е࣬۾ͺĺ峺ЩֻŮˡ
ⷬе죬Ҳе㲻˼
ʵŮ˵ǷǳΣΣҪôŮѣҪôΪ׷һεŮһ·Ůѵݡ
ŮӳҲһҪôǶ⣬Ҫô·ϿŮ
ֵעϣŮʱ䣬ȿ羰ʱ仹ࡣ
ȻҲȰεһ뾰ͻɽˮ֮䣬Ҳûе˼
ǳһŮôֱ׵Ŀеʡ
ֲȥεŮ꣬ݵʶˡ
ֻŮܴ꣬εȫŮӣֻ
ûлӦĿޣԹԵǰߡ
С磬ҲҪȥľ𣿡ڳʵ
š
΢΢ͷۿȥֻǰ·һָʾƣֻҪףܵľ
úҪȥľһŶȥ۹⣬Ӧȥʥɣʵ
سҡҡͷǡ
ľǲĿеʥأ˵ǡ
̸ֻ滮·ߣȻҪľһ⡣
λشŮӶʼе䡣




1688¡̫
 

ಢĸ䣬Խ䣬Խǡ
ܿ죬еŮľϡ
ۿֻǵһۣ˸оĿ
Ƭԭ֮ϣľͺһɫĻֺһöɫʯξĺ棬Բ⣬ˮ칲ͬһ˼ɾ
ˣ
Ůӣǹʣɾľ֮ǰǲס˺
һľϵĶϢվںϣһıϴӵޱȳξĸо
סĺߣܹǳһС
ο֮УͻȻһɧ
Ⱥóһĵ·ƺʲô¡
һͬɧȥֻһ׷Բԡ߰Ŀߣ϶
߲ͷǰ׵ģһ·Ҳǰ׵ģҸɾûаʡ
߸˵ĸоʥ£·߲˼ǲػ
λߵĳ֣οǵĺȻ
οͶ˷ܼ
Ϊֱǣ߿϶ǲĳλʦ
ֻõĴʦ˾ɣ
ÿ㣬ʦ·ĹԱѵ
οó˸ĵ·Ŀ߲ʯߵľϡ
ʦüͷһƺԺѰλʦϢ
ʱиοϲĽеȻǲʦ˵вλʦ֮һû뵽ܿľֵ̫ˣ
ܶο͵Ļȫӵļ˷ܡ
οͲԼֻͬҪգԱֹ̺׼գ˭ľǶԲʦĲ
׼յοͣʱһæĹصͷԼ˲ʦ
ڲÿһλʦӰ춼ޱȾ޴ġ
ʦǵͷͽʱ߳ɾˡ
˶ʮֳ羴ĤݵĿ⿴򲼹ʦͳһŮ
ֱʦʥ۷޲ͶأʱͻȻ뵽ʲôתͷ˵ûУĲʦ
౻˵еΡ
һֱѳɴʦΪʻоֹ˲ߡ
ʦһǾͺһʦ۷
Ȼʦ֮û˵һ仰ҲûʲôرġԢľٶ
ʦǴʦվľϣο뵽ܶ䡣
հʦʱǵͻȻһԱԱϹϾʦȥ˶֪Ҫʲô
ǿ⹤Աõǣ
һοͻȻָŹԱִ
ʵѣܶ˶ע⵽Աһľӡ
һʱע⵽ľϲŽ͸˿ߣ˿ߵĩˣһԼ׵롣
ǡͣ
û뵽ԱȻһͳҿҪøʦõġ
ȫɵˣʦѵҪľ㣿
ȫο˵Ƿǳ˼顣
Ϊ֪ľǲʥκжӾ㣬һֶǶʥ£ĳͷ
ԿԱ͸ʦ˶еš
ʦĽӹͣƵİѲϵ˿߽⿪
ʦĶ־ޱȵĵʦǲλʦ֮һҲֶֻʦʸľ㣡
Ҿòʦ϶ǵô򵥣ͨķʽһЩµ˵ţżͼԼȺпø
˵öԣһ˵һĿһۣ˲ʦּὫֱ׵˵һһҪԼȥ򡣡
仰ԾڳղŸ˵ġ鼦
ʼûֵһ£Ϊ˫ȫͬΡ
ǲʦľٶóȤ
ǿǸϵ㹳ֱġ
һ仰ǣΧοȫעŵ㹳档
һ˸Ӿˡ
㹳Ȼֱģ
ѵʦЧ½̫㣿ΪŮһ¾뵽̫ĵʡ
ʣһЪ̫㣬ԸϹ
˳Ļʵ㿴ʦԢ𣿡
ս̫ͣǾԸϹȴˡʶԼҾòʦ϶ֹ
˵ţ۾ɵøΪʦѾ׳ߣʼľϴ




1689¡ԸϹ
 

ܶ˶ˣʦ㹳ֱġ
ȻҶ֪̫õҲֱǱϾֻǵʡ˵
ҪĻֱôܵõ
ֱҲˣû
οͶãʦֱ㣬ֻһ⾳
û˻ôʶȤ˵ֱֻοһ߹ۿʦ㣬һ˼̺
Ψгʦĵ㣬ӡ
֪ӹȥˣʮӹȥˡ
ʦǶľϣ˿·ɮ붨һ㣬ϵҲһԳǿĶġ
һЩοͿЩˣǸղѾ˼ڵҲհʦķɣǸøյգ档
ҲԽԽģ̲סڵҪȥһ߿ɣ
㼱ʲôͷһۣͻȻһ뷨Լͬ˵ǺòĶʦӦóô˻ȥպӰ
ղŹԱ˵˲𣿡̷
һʱ
ŮӶյĿģߵĵģÿȥһΣֻﶼGƬ
˲ĲʦƬͲʦӰоǳź
һŮҲģʦȴܺӰ÷ǳģʱ뵽һʽԱ˵գû˵ܹȥͲʦ찡
סôû뵽һ㣿˫һģߣ͹ȥͲʦúһģ
˵ţе㲻˼Ŀ˳һۡ
֮ǰѳɴʦڲʦĳ׵װѳȥˡ
벼ʦһȣóĴʦʲô
ֻǸղԳǳ飬ȴҪȥҲʦ̸Ȼò˼
һҲ⣬ʵҲȥ뿴ʦ㣬ʦǲûֱ
඼ȥֺȴ̫롣
򣬲ʦǲеλĴﰡҪǲСŭ˲ʦЩ֪Ļ»ᱻǴģη˵
ҿʦҲˣǲȥǵ£࣬ߣȥ˵ţס֣һͬʦǱȥ
ͥɢ
Ůͬ鶼ȥˣҹȥ֪ԼȥĻ϶ҪӺܾãҲͬ뷨˻һֻۣӲͷƤȥ
ֻĴ⣬ȥҲ˵һ仰
˵ʦ
ܶʦƽ׽ˣ֪ҲкܶʦƢ죬ϲŭ޳һЩܹĻﷴпƢĴʦ
˺ܿߵʦı󣬳˳Ƚ⣬˶վš
ֹԱûйֹǰһ
ǿʦľٶΧοעĿ
ԱοͿʦҪˣʦϵİ˰֣ʾ⹤Աù
üԱһ¡
ǻǵһμʦʱοͽš
ʦÿһٶ̺⣬ȻʦǸˣҲֻԶš
ֻҪκβѰľٶǻ̹ȥֹ
ʦû׳ŵʵʦܵõ𣿡
ӷ㣬֮㲻ҧҹʦ߰룬ȤӦ
ü˾ãʦǸͻ߹Ƣ͵Ĵʦƽ׽͵ġ
˸ղŻһ仰Ҳ˵֣Ҳڿˣʦӷң֮Ҳ֪㲻ҧأ
仰еЦ
ͼչԼѧʶͲʦһۣĻӦֻʰ۰ˡ
ΪԼĻӦܻòʦʱȴֲʦͷĿһۣһֲɵ񣬿Ŀһ¡
û뵽ʦͣʵȴǸǿƵˣʦȻķˡ
ڲƬϣû˸޷ֱ㡣ʦһ䣬ͻȻ˫Ŀбŷ˵⣡
͵һ˲䱻һƬˮ
ֵæ򱻴ˮĩˣȻȫĿɿڴ޷ŵı飡
Ϲˣ
ʦֱֻİ
һĻ˺ͳһˣ󷽿ŲʦЩοͣҲɴ۾Ǽ仩Ȼ֮
ʦǽ̫
οǷ׷׾̾Ĥݣ˵ʦ
дʦֱɹ㣬ͨ˵񼣡
ʦеһȻһץסתɨӶĤݵЩοǣϲɸְȻ֮ɫ
ͻȻ֣οͶĤݣղź۵꣬ǰȴһλӵˣɫʮֵȻ




1690¡
 

ʦɹֱ㣬ȻΪ죬ԲʦĤݡ
Ȼʦе˺ܸߵľ磬ܹϹ˵Ѿʼ֮ͨˡ
־磬ܹȻ׽붯
֮ûô𾪣Ϊ֪ʦ˺ֶΣֶλû¯ĵز
ʦͨĳֶϹϾǽ˹ߣǵƾгȻӦ
ͨ۲첼ʦĴɵ뵽һЩȤĶ
һʱߵϰһֻ̽ȥ
ʥʦ羴ȻǰȥľĺˮǾ޷ˡģ
Լˡ
ȥˮֻǽͣˮ滹׵ĵط
ֵ˶ףٶʲô˼
ȷӦ֣̲סЦڲʦǰװǶʩЧ򭡢Ц󷽣
ǳ׵ױʦֱֶ۷ˣԽԽֻһߣûνͨ
ŮӣҲԳɣȻǲΪǼߣˮƽͲʦȣȷʵһϡһ¡
ĵѵС磬㻹ǿɣҪǲСˮʦҪˡ
ѣȴ·ȫû˵ǳһֿ״̬֮С
ĺı¿ηˣǻǱǣϵñ۵˵꣬ٿǿ򲼹ʦȻĵЦݣҪװģʦ
ʦȴ˰֣ʾ˵
ʱλĶʦŰںϵĳǵ˫ɢĹʡ
ֳľٶǺġ
ֿ״̬֮󣬲ʦܹо΢ı仯
ˡȻܹӰľУʦԽԽǾ档
ʦô˵Ҳ˺ġ
Ǽûʲôȴòʦ˾棬׷ʲô飿
ʦʲô𣿡ﺬʵ
ʦһۣ͵СŮޣµûȷʵࡢֲһдڣöĻ˵оͺʹų࣬ǿ͹۴ڵĶ
ԭǴų˼ųҶֿʼŪѧʶʦ֪ڲʹһųų͵Ĵų໥Ӧ˵öԲԣ
ûͬеˣоȻԺľнӦǷǳ顣ʦ˵ţְĿͶ
˿̵ĳȷʵ粼ʦ˵ʥľһĽ
кܶصĵطųǳǿңĽǣ簣ֱ绪ĵɽ
Щطųǿҳ̶ȣܹӰ쿿ǵһ
Ȼͨ˺ȥЩؽأƽУǻƵĵط
Щһ߽ȥͻоĪͷΡġȲʣֹӰþ
ⲢײˣܵӵĴųӰ죬ųڼʱڲңŻָ֢״
ľ֮ԱΪʥϵģʥĴųͬǿңܶӰ죬ÿľоԼľһ㣬ʥĴų
ͨοͣ޷񲼹ʦͳͨıԼĴųʥųӦӶʥųֶΡ
ʦղֱ㣬ڳʱרעĹУʥĴųɹƺҧ
һֶԳʦΪʦķǷʵ
κι߶ãֻǰַں֮ϣʦɲΪе㡣
ˣˮƽҺܳԾϾǲЩ򰡡ʦ߰룬Ȼľǿ󣬱Ҷ޷ȫƿأͱ쿪ˣɡ
ιʦˣ㻹ѵ㣿ϷʵЦ
ŮӿеΣǾóô˷ĻɾĶˡ
ˣ滹һοͿš
˶ֻ׾ӵģ²ʦֶΡ
Ƭ֮󣬳ǣһƵЦ⡣
һ̣ľĺ棬ͻȻʼһȦȦҲɢ
ô£ֱһ˹ˮֵĴ˵
ѵľҲд˵еˮ֣




1691¡
 

뵽е㺦µ˼㵽ʦȥ
ʦѾˣŲϷľ૶ܡⲻܡ
ţ࣬кοͣȫĿɿڴ
סԼ촽ŵĿľŵ档
ԼⱲӣ⸱ˡ
ֻһɫ㣬ϵĴˮԾ棬ͷ·ľˮ壬ڽһʢȺݡ
ˮ£γһСʺ磬ǿ̾
ľ󣡡̲ס̾Ȼǰĳ
ѵһУǳֶɵģ
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ú֮裿
𲼹ʦֱ㣬
ֽͰ͵ʵʦ϶ĽɣСģ
Ȼ𾪵ǣʦȻҡҡͷ
λʦ֮ɫͻȻЦĴʦ棬ȴ֪ΪֱɹմմϲҲƴʦ
ʦĻó״סˡ
Ϊʦ仰˵ȺǳֶΣĴʦұҪǿ֪ٸ磡
Сģ־ϲԭûпˡ
ʱѾվתɫƽĿˡ
ܶ˻ûعһЩӦˣĿ˼ɫ
Ȼ񼣣Ͼ̫ˣοһʱ仹ǺѰɺͲʦһĶʦ
λδմеƿʵ̫ǿˣԶԶ簡ʦǰİȻ֮ȫȻʧˣֻʣ¶Գĳ羴֮ġ
΢΢һЦҲûƿľлߴųֻԼľΪһѣˮڣƿأΨ֪⣬ǲŸԸΪ衣
̫ˣʵ̫ˣɫޱȼû뵽Ȼйͨ˵ֱҹ̷
ʦж꣬ͼȻųľ磬ûȻӦúгڣʮ꣡
򣬲νŵϦӡ˵仰Ⱥȥ
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ȵȣĴպҺõŰݷãʦΪʲô涼ˣ뵱ݳΪʦ
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ۼƮȻȥ̾ͬʱָղųĻ
֣ûУСĴʦҵ۹ûд
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Ҫǰα֮ܽõյ㣬ҲǼ˫ɽͼϸ¤ǸԲȦ
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ʱѾϿ֮ܽãʱˡ
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к󣬿˶ź·ѵۡ
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ҲţѾˡ
ţȺȥ׼˽ֻ绰˫
˺üˣԸ衣
ףβˣݲɣ꣬ڣСؤ
ڴ󲿷˿֫ȫ˻ؤ˺ǾϵķˣǲӣᾴԶ֮
費ֻûзܴܲ߻ƶʡȥҪü˫ӣһҪʼ˫һʲô
費ֻĿת·ȫͨĹԱ
ߵòƳǹܵǰ˵ֻܷҴһµ绰лл
ӣǳǹܡ
´һ飬Ȼ΢΢üͷ
һǹʵ㲻ǽǱ˰ɣȰ֤óǿ
ֻ֤ǮˣԲŸǽֻ绰ˡ˸ڡ
ǹţ
ڹϴڶһзӶ޴ΣɢʿͱȽϿɣǹܵľ֮ġ




1692¡
 

Ȼ޷֤ԼݣǾֻܸȥֵǼһ£ߡһǹ˵ţҪץסĸ첲
Ȼץȥ֣˦ǹܵ֡
ûȨץҡ
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˵Ҫץĸ첲ٴαܿȻתߡ
վסǹ̵ڳǰӾҪǿӲֶΣѳȥ֡
ʱ·ͻȻһɫͣº󣬴߳һλ׷˪ľŮ
ѣǻˡ
תͷһȻǽϵһŮС㼧˫
˫ĳ֣óܾͬʱҲΪЦ
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⼧Сؼʦ֮һ¥ˡ
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ԲλС㣬ˣܱǸǹæǸ
˫˵óϱʻȻȥ
ϣͼ˫һۣ˺ĬЦ
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ҡҡͷЦұȻҪܵĽѣ㣬Ϊҵҵλãռ˰ɣ
Ͳ´Ŷ˫ӯӯһЦѾָҲǰ֪;յ㣬ٹһ㵽ʱ䣬Ҫҵ׶ˣϾڿǵؼʦڹŴҶԵŮʦˡ
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ȻǰҲʵȻǰİȴζزסڵĵȻһ¡
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Ĵﵽ־磬׽ٿ϶ˡ
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¿ڵ̽ǶΪ;յ㣬ͬʱҲǼܷƽٵĹؼص㣬Ҳ˵㻹ҪҳǼҵƽ֮ı֮ܽû˵׽
ôûȷָҳǼҵƽ֮ԣеΡ
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ô˵ҵƹɽɽһɽҵһƬֵܶƤš˵ţƤó
˫Ƥ˫΢΢һ·˸ͣλͣȻȡϵƤϸϸ쿴ƤгζҲ⡣
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˭һͷˮ
˫һڵһתͷԴĽ͵ʱκһλܳʿͬʱҲʦСϲǳоסѧü죬˵ʱھͳΪͨߵʦܶʦѹɲԹʦү
ʱڴս֮󣬹ǼʦүӦòͬһ˰ɣ뵽һ㡣
Ȼǡ˫ҡҡͷ˵ʱֻةһ֮£ˮˮƽة඼ʮ
Ƥϵ֣ǹͨо׶һģʦռϢ




1693¡Ŀ
 

ΪʲôҪͨ˿ּأʲô⺬𣿡ǲ⡣
˫΢ЦشΪռϢй¶ΪʦΪʦ룬һռϢȥ²ĵĺ壬Ͳȫй¶ӦҲͲ̫ˡ
뷨꼧˫Ľͣ뵽һҪ⣬ȻģΪʲô㲻ļռϢҪԼʮأ
ΪռǼҵƣòùҲûа취ֲֻͨռ
˫˵ţĿĵĿ´ڼƺۡ
ŮӶܰϧԼͷ˫һͷ㷢ȫף޷ȾڣȻǺ۵ġ
35꣬Ҫô㣬Ҫô˵еʦ켶ǣϣˡ
ԵĻԸһ㡣Լ˫ʼĻмָмѾԽи飬ͺǵİ顣
˫ЦһҪǿԽͺˣгɣӦܻ120ϣ150пܣĻҽʣһǾͻٻʮֻ꣬ϧֶΣǾ
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һ·ϿüΣһֶ
˫ͷҿԷ룬ûô죬ΪĴִ˵ʧˣȫֻǼһܿ󲿷֣оһ¡
˵仰˫򿪳ţóҲ³
ҸԷ߳Ա߷ɡ
СɨΧĵһۣͼ˫һвȥԷ
ǺþöûԵˣ˽˺ܶʽݺֲһӪʧ
һɫľŮһڵ˳Էʳ͵ע⡣
ͼ˫˵Ŀ⡣
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Цõĵ˵Ļһܻȥƶ֪˵һʱǶã
˵˫Ŀ⣬עŲϵƤŹŴʦƤȻǼҽйأ¼ռϢȫΪǼҶģҲ˵Ҫ˵õƤƤϵռϢҲܶӦǸ˵Ľ޷ͨƤõǳȷָʾ
ֻڽһʱ䣬֮ûʾϢĻǿɾѰˡǿǸ¤ʡʡᣬһƽ˿ڸкüдţȥѰҰＧƽٵķѵսԶ
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˫룬ֵɣΪռһΣ̺ܲܽƤóȷָ
ҪԪЩˡ
˫һЦǵؼʦο̺ĵָʾ΢ռһ£ġ
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仰ü˫ЦİɣҪ͹ؼʦˮƽ
Ȼ˫˵ĵҲȡռߡ

Сʱ֮
һֵˣվڽĴѧſڣһഺʱеĴѧ
˫Ѿ뿪˽ǣɻؽϼҡ
ߵѧУſڣֻͣ˫СʱǰռϢ
һڣڼ֮أҳһΪҳ硢ϵˣֻҪҵˣǼҵĽӭж⡣
ˣܽκֻԼض⵽ɣммǡ
Ȼ˫ҪܶǰϢҲͿϣͷӬڽת
Ǵѧļ֮ء
ΧСһѧټ޶Ŀ֣ͺҶˡ
ŸʲôҽȥɣǸֵˣȻУſڷҡͷ̾˿




1694¡ҹ
 

ͳվһλˣǼڽǵԶݣ˫ǣӴġ
˫壬ռ֮󣬱ųȥڽǴѧﰲһ
ڼ˫û˵κϢҲûбֳǳسӣֻܰѳɼ˫һƶѣҹϵһ֡
˹ϵǳãԼҵ˰һǮҽĹɣ
ܳһɾ·ǲΪжݱ
С£Ȼ˫ֶŮ㽻ң͵ùԹҵĻڽǴѧʶѣҰһ㣬Ҫ㣬Ƿ֪𣿡
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תͷ΢΢һЦ֪ˣ壬ǽȥɡ
ݣһһס׼ҹˡ
Ǽ˫趨ݣǴѧҪ͵£ǰˡ
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΢΢һҲ֪˵˲øԶãû־á
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ϣԭһ룬Ȼеĸȥô˲أ




1695¡ʧ
 

ֻܸͣųҽͳһ¥
볣ҽİ칫Һ󣬳ҽڱʣС£ĸҽƴѧҵģѧʲôרҵ
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ҽҽǻҽѧ֮˶ѧôҽҪʧˡ仰˵÷ǳ֣ء
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Ϊֻһͨˣȫ˾ȻʮȰҽ
ʵҽҲҽûܿϧǾѧϵͳѧϰʹٴ֮ΪҽȡҽΪҽѧǱȻġ
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С£˵ҽǻҽѧ֮ûһȰҽɣԸѧĻҵ֣ԸѧϰҽˣҽҲ̫ƽˡ
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С£˼ûҽʦʸ֤û취㡣ҽԼ˵Ѿչ˳ĸܡ
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ҹڵĻҲ֮
ͷ߳УҽԺ
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1696¡۾
 

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پЩЦǹʵĻشøô
Ȼе㲻ģкûֻɫһӦƸߡ
̭
㲻ϸ̭
ҲУݳɺˣ̭
һӦƸ߶̭ûţԼˡ
걣Ƹôôϸ񣬲Ծ
ʱһʶı߹Цִҹˣеѿ
Сԣզ°ǰզûôϵģ˱̲סʳеʡ
СԵıѹ֪˵ƸԱϸҪ˵ѧУܻΣյķӣЩӶѧУĳҪܿҪǸҪˡ
ôأɵõɴ۾ΪʲôɴǸҪﱣѧУ
˼ô֪еıܴû˭ԿϵӣЩϱ˺öӵأԺûøƴˮˡС˵ţһ۳ǵЦⲻеŹ֣˵λֵܣٷ֮ʮԲء
һʱ¶Ϊ֮ɫ
ڼ˫ķϣѧУﰲһݹ
ѾҪ͵ĹˣⶼӦƸϣҲ֪ôźá
˼룬ҧҧҸ˵˵ûͼ̣ϣǶ꽻ϣͨһ¡
˵˵С죬ҡҡͷȻ߻󣬼ԡ
˲Ӻֵԡ
ĵһۣʧ
ˣԲϱƸҪ
Ȼ׼˵ûĻǴ⣬ճ
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仯ΪΪ߽һˡ
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Ҳȥֻ߽˸ӢͦΣ··һɾ硣
˵ϣһ˫ɣ֮˸֮ӡ
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˶˵ĵһӡǾ˲һӢʿҺܿǱ֮
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߽ˣѾųˣˣ˫ӥֱָͬ
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ô˾ǲеĴʵǳ⡣
óоǣ˾ֱߵǰĿڵãӦƸ
仰ó۾
һݵλԺܸߵĲӴУȻӦƸ
óһʱΪԼˡ
Ҳǵס
ֱ˵ڶοڣŷӦ
ֻʮ־ϲ˵Ҫ˲ţ𣿡
ûҸոմӲһݹ˺ܳϿҵ˵
ãͺãڲʱ϶ʿԲˣֻҪȫͿ԰ְҴ㵱ֶӵĶӳôǵ˿ֱֱͨӸְ




1697¡
 

δ˻Ӧһ˵̫ðɣֱֶӶӳǵµֵǲ
㶮ʲôͷһۣҶ۽磬ѵǲеĸֶ֣ӳÿһʱֵܲд裬Ǽµʱˡ
ԭˣǱһ䡣
˶Իĳȴҡҡͷ
ΪԼǿȴû뵽Լһֻͻ
ӦƸ˺ֹǲиô򵥣ֱı˵һΪ
ֻǳʹ͸ͫ˿˵ʵʵ
Ϊһֶϲȴ֪˿϶ﵱô򵥣϶ĳ
뵽ղǸС˵ѧУƸżߣоǴѧƺҪˡ
Ҳ뵱ӳҵһҾͺܸлˡߴ˿ڣһ
⡭Ǻðɣϰ࣬ӳٺúÿһ¡
Ȼߴ˵ݵλܸߣ뿴ó˵Ը϶ܼı⡣
ˣ㻹û˵ʲô֣
ҽ졣ߴ˱Լɤ·һ˸о
죬ԺͺˣӭǽǴѧҶǴӲģԺǶֵܡ
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ʱһΣڳкܶʶˣŹӦȴֱӾܾˣһʱоûӡ
ʱȥ첢
վһ𣬲ԡ
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ȴ΢ЦڵܴģʤαĹ
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ʲôãǱҪܴȭ𣿡
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Ϊûе̸ȭ
ûСֱ˵Ļش𣬡̫ȭ

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Ҫҵ̫֣ʼչŵЦ⣬һûΪ˵ĺЦΡ
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¿ɶ˶ˣ
С˵ϵЦʱ
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Сԣ
СûеһʱӦǿҿ԰ɣ
Ȼԣ˼ҡ˵ͷͬСԺͳд衣
Сʮ˵İɣһڲ˵£֪ԼＸġ
˵仰ƹ칫ǰ
˵̫ʲô̫ǰɣɣƲƵöҡ
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Ŀһе죬ѧУıˮƽ治
ǸһӦƸˣͺˮˡ
ɲΪʲô̫֣ƵöѾСԡ
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Ҳ򻰣һֻƣСؿϣһƣȥûʲô
ʵ˵ʲô̫֣Ҳ˵˵ѣһͨͨ֡
һƣȴСԴʧɫоһǿӳƴȻ㲻ȥĶȫΣ˱һƵǽϡ
˶ˡ
ŴͣԭղŲǴţر
Сԣôôأ겿ȫȥˣСԵıе㲻ΪСԱһƵǽϣϹȥ
Сͨ죬ʲô˵ֻǲŵĿų
ֻЦЦڿ𣿡
⡭еԥ
ʱ쿪ˣΪλֵܵȫû⣬һ˰ɡ
ãҾͰһֶӣԶݽгǰɣͿˡ˵
ͷлźС£Ҳʡˡ
һͬסǴѧᣬ˳ɹְ
ɲѧִʲôģӶҳǸΪ硢ϵˡ
ڴͷ˼ͻȻһ¡
̧ͷһȻ졣
ֵܣǾҪʽϸˣýϰ࣬ǳȥѧŮô
쿪ڵһ仰óʡ
ôҲû뵽濴ᣬȴɧȻһȥŮ
תһ룬һͼ˵ϤһѧУִ뷨òıϡ
ˬĴӦðǳȥ䡣
˸˼һͬ߳ᡣ




1698¡ҹУ԰
 

ֵܣ濴⸱壬Ȼô󡣡Уϵ٩
ǺһЦҳˣʵҲûģлл˵ҪȻΪչǸСԵܾͲˡ
ÿ⣬һæҲֱӽҵ־ˡ
һ˵һ߰۲ųоֹ
һʼչԼóܿܲͨˡ
ڲӰꡢûпһӵģ
һбȽԵ
Լ˫ĿտȻ̫Ѩ΢΢𣬹Ǽ󣬹ǽƽơֱ϶ۿɼϼ룬Ƿǳļ󣬶˺ܴĿ๦
УȻܿũҹˣ۲Σóũٸɡ
ϼҳԲ˿࣬ҹҲֻ뵱һǿһųɹӦƸġ
۲죬жǵˡ
һ÷ǳѵá
Ǿע⵽۾ǳ⣬·գûһ˿ʣͬӤһ
Ƿǳǳѵõġ
ִ˶ѲĴȾףرǸճ򹤵ˣױĻԻ󣬺ѱһųġ
ȴһ쿴óеĴⲻװģͬһĶ
ҲǿĴ⣬žѡ
Լݣﵱܺκαѡ
ˣСдʱ˵Լõ̫֣ҿһӦòκμɰɡԳøкָһСһˡ
ЦЦȷʵ㣬ҾںߵģʵĶʲô̫
ֵܣ󣬲ѧ㼼̫ϧˣԺһϰ࣬пյĻԸĸ񶷼ɣҿʩ̰츳ӵ쾡¡
仰˵úš
Խ̳ʿ
һδҪ̺ó̫ˡ
Ϊϣûκ˻ܾĽ̵
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ȤĻʱԸ˵˵ȴֻܵȻûеġ
׻̫ˣԸѧϰ¶
ȻܾҲͲˣϾԼشͳֻƼˮ꣬ⳡԵҲֲ
Уϱ߱ģʱʱӭ߹ĴѧŮһʱ䵹Ϊ⡣
·ʱ򱳸˫֣ӢͦΣԭĸߴΰһ·˲Ůѧ۹⣬дҪ΢ŵģһһܾ
ʽ򣬵ȻԼһҲں
У԰˴ԼʮӺѲߵıֶӡ
ͳдǸСԣֶ
ܶӣ㿴ǽְ±ߵǸ죬һгСָ˸ͷı
ͷܶӣԼʮ꣬һķǳʵĶβסĴؼҲǺܴġ
ܶǽǴѧֶӵĶӳֵֵҹ࣬û뵽ɲɵĺͳ±ϡ
СԵĻܶӾʾıͣ½Ų
ҲС˵ټܶСͣ£֪ܶӿ϶ǡ
죬˵㵱ֶӶӳܾˣܶһھʮʵ
ǵġ
첻ɫĻشҲһ˿
ܶӱϾûָ顢ܸߵʿƤЦⲻЦ˵˵ʵʱͬˣ뵱ӳõԼＸ֪֮ܲ
仰ſ佱ʵڳûеӳʵ
첢ܼƽ˵ҶԵӳûʲôȤ
ǺǣֵǾ뵱ܵϿܶЦ滢һ˵һת֪ڵֶӵİ׶ӣҰݰֵܣҪǺӦǾ͵ö࿼ǿǡ
һԭССıҪϵܶ˵ȸһֶӶӳλõ⡣
컹Ƿǳȣȫܶһףֻ΢ĵİɣ˵ĿڣûʲôµĻҺͳˡ
˵껰Ҫȥĵط䡣




1699¡б
 

ȵȣȱߣܶͻȻסˣбĹأǸոϸڣһҪסһأضӳûߣǾͲ׼ߣ
ʽϰࡣתܶӣ˫âһӶ
˵ʲôʵ
ҲûʲôܶСʹ˸ɫʾСվҷֶӵСԣ˳һ֣Ǿдһ¡
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챻һƵǽϣ䶪ѾڼֶﴫÿȡЦһСϺܹȥ
һسӣܶҲڻ̵Ը񣬵ȻҪԼֶӵֵܡ
һԭˣܶӾ仰ԭǳųġ
һǲģó汾·ŶԣҲңСưʵ
ԼʱɳƵķʽ̫޴ˡ
ΪֻѣӦɳԼĳ
ĺ٣Ǳȸ񶷼ɡ
СԿɲΪûĳƾܺ
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룬ȻСԴĻԺÿһ
վѵһСʱȴְ¡
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֮԰֣Ϊܿ۸˵ʿ
ʮ㣬Ҫ֣Ǳ˽ѵСԵ˼
һ̫ͷ쵱ġɡԺѧУжöࡣ
Ϊֵ϶ܸߣѧУ˶Сܣǻ˭鷳
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бﰡСԼҪ£ĵȻǺģĿӹֿ֮ιҶָյҪ㵥ˣ㻹ñ˴򣬵ͷڹǲǣ
СԻͷϣЩϤıȡЦʵ̫ˡ
һسӣ
ȻСԵļƣԳ˵·һãڵѾûҪССƽ̫ࡣ
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ܺãҾͰ׶һʵ㵽ûʵȡֶӶӳܶӻһ䣬ȭͷ
һܶҪԳ֣ıǷ׷˿Ȼӳ
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컹ûӦȰشˡ
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ܶӺСǣô˵Ƥôͷڹ껹һ²ؼ߸߹ӡ
ܶӼͣ
СֻϣܴܶӮ죬Ͳòĵˡ
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ţܶӳˣһƴֱȭֱȡţͬʱһֻȭͷƴʹ췴ʱС
Ȼܶޱ𾪵ǣ췴ٶȺԶԶԤϡ
ֱȭմȥȭѾӡ֮ϡ
ӴܶӱһȭʽΣ˹Ϻ״ߣǼˡ
ʵʵڵɱûκλ֮
˶óܶӱһӡ
һܶӾͲֹǱ̵ߴˡ
ܶӣû°ɣǷ׷ǰοʡ




1700¡ϵϵ
 

ܶӴ˿˵óҧסأԼҽг
һȭʵ̫ʹˣ
Ȼӣûĸٻʵ
ֻСԷǳģΪóƺܵӣһЩըˡ
ģٻʲôˣСİ
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һ˾ʲôĿĲ˵Ҷµó
һʱ䣬ܶŮѧʧˣԭ˼ҿϵϵǾûʲôˡ
Щѧᣬ͵ֻ˾е飬
˵˾ëŤˣӦУҽԺ¥һλУ԰ԵŮѵ
лл㡣
λŮʾл󣬱㿴˵ҪҪȥϵϵ
԰ŮȻҪȥҲӦ
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ѧУˣҪõ
ԳԥĴӦˡ
Ŀͳ뿪СںĵΪиţͿ԰ĵͷڹ꣬ҵŰɡ

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ҲȥɡͻȻΪ˵סˣĳļʾú£˾ȻһĴмǳ˵ĴϻڲǼֻǼŮѡ
û˵ʲôֻǸһȥ
νĽ˾裬ǲǴмһҲں
Ψһ֪ǣ˾ǲôɣǸ硢ϡ
˽벡ֻһŲϣһòڡʱеŮӣŮϲűһŤòᡣ
߻һͬ񸻼СŮӦþ˾еġ֡
һ¿˽ŮӶʱЩˡ
˾üʵ˭
ʵʣѾµҪ׷
̫ˡ
رǺһǵ͵ĸҹӸ硣
Ǹߴ͵ˣڿǲо˵ʡ
ֱӱŮӡ
ֻߵǰʿϿܰȻЦ˵˾ãǽǵһҽƴѧĺѧУҽԺʵϰ˵Ťˣһ£ϣ㲻Ҫ⡣
˾ҪܾʻһԵȴȵЦȻȻҲðˣŤ˽һ˰˧翴ͦ




1701¡ɱϮ
 

֣ƶ죬ӵһˣһ١˾ʮε졣
ۼ˾е㲻ͷڶŮӲԹɫĺЦ˵˾ͬѧֻ㽻ѣûб˼⻨ҾͷˣʲôҪʱҽ
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ע⵽ܰϣһСֽȡһдźĵ绰΢źš
˧ԾǶ˼˼ҿǵһҽƴѧĸ߲Ϊ׷רѧУҽԺʵϰг⣬Ĳһ𣿡ֶ˾üŪ۵ĵЦ
˾̲ס˸ۣʲôÿǵģһ㶼̸
֪ϲⲻ߾һλ˵ţ죬ඣͬѧôƺҲ׷ǼİɣվˣһԼ¡
˵ͬʱվߵĳһۣе㺮Ӧò׷˾ŶԣǾģѡ˳
һֲֻſסһŷ⣬ԥ£ûаŷóֻǿ첽ߵǰ˾۾˵˾ɵս죬մӲ飬㡣
Ҹսѣ˾ǰһȻһ´ӲҸôˣúòãִûˣ
һᣬ˵
Ϊ˲սѵ̫ģһʱ֮仹˵ڡ
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۾û뵽ô죬쵽Ӧʱ䶼ûУֻоԼ֮ȫ׻Է·ըһ㣡
֣ǧ֮һʱ䡣
ٿʱ𾪵ķ۾оȻڵȫ鴤°ĭͣŰۣ񷸲Ƶġ
ѵãպǸɱַţɴĽߵɱ֣ȻѸߵߣȥ쿴ɱ֡
һǿɱֲͻȻǱַҪѨŻ֢״
׼һѨ̧ͷǲ˼֮ɫ




1702¡̽
 

Ȼûк۾н֣й߾ս顢ָ׶ս죬ƾ۾ɢΣϢܴжϳɱֵʵˮƽ
ղûгס۾мսŵĻһģûôöԸˡ
еֵ۾Уȴһɱ˵ʲô
ظһϲ²⡣
̧ͷעӳ۾֮ĵĲ²Զˡ
Ϊ۾һ峺⣬˭˫۾ӵũ꣬Ὣʲôظֵ롣
΢ͷе֮ɫͨĵϸûʲôرı仯
һ֣һ磬ܰ۾ı֮һ
ǰֻҪ΢ͷе֮ɫ˶Ϊ֮壬֪ͱ¶Լĵϸ
ĿӣȻӤֻܴеɻ
죬ôˣʵ
ʵ֪̽
ղ壬ûо֮ܽ·ϣĻӦ϶ôȻ쿴κ
ΪǰĳκʮӣĻ϶԰Ȼ
ڵĳȫһˣ쳹ͷų֮ɫȻܹΪ
ֵܣղôɱִ򵹵ģ
첻֪ĺװģȴ֪ʡ
ҲֱӻشҼɱԸʱ֣ҵһӦ㵲һ£û뵽Һһƣɱ־͵°ĭˣҲ֪ô¡
̫ˣЦÿ󣬺һɱֵѨԲƷҪ㣬ұĸɱΧе鷳
˵ʵûİ۾зֻǾ΢е㼬ֶѡ
ĺܺð˵ǿɱ֣ñҺҴѨλˡЦǺǵĵ
ĸɱȫڵϣڲ˾ڸ߹˾󵨵ֻû˵ĽţǸǿɱֵ壬һҲ˼ңһṦ˶򲻹ɱֵĳ裡
˾˵ǰɱˣһŨü𣬱ʵ
ǰѾɱְˣ˭ҰôǮ˾˵ʱһϰΪĿǡ
Ȼ˵ȴ֪˾ɱ֣ɲ˾Ǯô򵥡
ʱʵôɱְܣΪʲôֲ뱣ڱ㣿
ΪҲߵ󶼸ڰ˾һ˵еķҰַҪɱڸңҾ˵ñڲҪʮ֮ڣЩͬѧЦĳٴ绰ǡ
˾㻹ֵĻñŰɡСȷʵ˾˵Ըɣϲ
ͳ˾Ҫûˡ
ĸɱαװҽ벡ʮβõ
ղ˾ûд绰Ļᡣ
Ľ飬˾ȴˣҲŲҪñţұɱɱˣǾҵ
˵ôãⱲӿ϶ƽƽġһԵԼδοýУѾˣܿ
֣лл㡣
˾ЦЦȻͳܸлһҰسлǵģʱʲôҪ󾡹ܸҰᣬҪҲӦҾһڲؼס
óлҵսѣҰսѵӦõġһҲں˾سꡣ
˾ֲٴθ߿һ㡣
ˣ˵ܵõ˾س꣬϶˯ž
ȴʮֵԿسꡣ
˾ʵ̫رˣ϶һͨô򵥡
磬Ұֵس꣬кܶ˶ŶҵҰҪһǧһüͷġ
ֳ֪˱˳֮⣬иŽ˾ǡƺ˾Ϊ˽⡣
˾Ŷеó
ŵܼ򵥣Ϊ˾ǽǵһ˱
˾ǵ˼˵䴫˾ȫʲ൱ڰˣϲ˾ǡ
Ȼһ˵ʲ൱ڰУ΢ŵ˵
磬飬ֲǽǱˣҰֻͦ˽⣬Ұˡ˾˵ȴһԺжûС
óСƺԼϰĴ
ȻĻشⶼ˵ġ
ŶԣҸһ㡣˾˵ţֿأҪʲôꣿ




1703¡
 

˾첻Ҫ꣬ΪԸ񽾰ݷǷĿֵسҲ̫⡣
һũˣѧ
һЦ˵λͬѧ̫ˣȻһʹɱֵҪѨĴæܵõĳлĽ
Ǻǣȷʵ˹ʺˡһı飬ЦǺǵĵȻ˾С˵ҲͲˣϣܹĸһҪ𣿡
ͬѧ㿴ôʵû뵽ͦ鰡ȻҪǮҪҰҪ󣬲ҲУֻҪֵ̫ҪҰֿ϶ܰ쵽˾Ӧ
Ϊ˾ῼ²ŴӦһʲôҪ
ȴû뵽˾ֱӴӦˡ
˾ܾ˶Σû˾֣Ļǲ̫ÿڡ
ôôӦ˼ңҪϲ㣬ףѵҲӦֵ٩
˾˹۵ĸ첲һ£ĵ֣˵ʲôأҸովɱְܣ㻹Ϸҡ
˾˵ͷһҲԼĵ٩⡣
Բܴᣬһǿʳ֪⣺˾С㣬ҸոСҲʶһָͦܲܰңҰǸ˵ܰ׻
⡭˾û뵽ͻȻ⡣
ҲǺ˾ķӦղ˵˾ֺܺãû뵽˾İˣӦͬѧȻɴһɱ֣ǾһΣһɲŮӵŶҾ㲻Ҳʣÿ˵֣͸©ʶ֪ģŵĻȥʶλǴɡ
˼Ҳ֪ɻ䡣˾Ը˵Ҳǿһʱ仹š
ִҪλС֣Ľġ
һλмŮ϶ͳ˲ͬһɱ֣Ŀ϶ǳء
˳˾濴ʵϺܿһװġ
ʵһʣ˾ûʲôģȴеΪʲôˡ
ֻһʱ޷뵽κȥҲֻѹģµ۾е
ʱ۾вȫ鴤°ĭǳ׻ȥ
췭۾е·۾һͼĻ಻֪֣Ҳ֪ʲô˼
΢΢һУƺʲô
磬ʲôر𣿡˾գ۾ʵ
ĳɱ֯ı־ʲô֯Ͳ֪ˣЩɱ˹Ӷǰ㣬һʧܾͻȡԾΪᱩ¶Լ֯Ȼɱ֯ǳ˽⣬˵ͷͷǵ
һ˵תͷȥصɱ֣ɱȫѪӲǱȥпѾ
磬㿴ɱ֣
ÿˡ
첢ûаĿƹȥ
ɱֿǵͷĿءԼȫҶ֮󣬾Ѿҧ麬ĶҩԾ
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Ұ겿ѾǹȥˣֻǺͳһѧУһСˡ
˵һԺ˼棬뵽Щһֵܡ
ԭͳѧУı
˾ȫһ¡
˾ôߣΪʲôҪʱͻȻһٵĽŲ
𣿡ŲЩš
ϣֺµɱֳ֡
ֹƾǿϷˡ
Ҳóֻû˵ڣ⿴ȥ
ֻſ߽һӴžǽоֵľ졣
һӳ˵һ⣬ȫźɫװһϰһȺڡ
ϰ忴ȥˣϰ岻һǣһ͵ʣ֪ݵĻܶ˶һ
ֻǿЩװӶϹϾӣһ²µϰݡ
û°ɣϰһھǰͷҴߵ˾ǰ
˾֣Ҳͱ˰ˣȻñȾ㻹ǾŮҪ
ôܻɰֶİأһ˵ɱ֣Ǻ޲̷ɹ㡣ϰǽĴ˾裬˿ǵǺͳ֮ɫԺֵĻñɡ




1704¡
 

˾˵ûлӦղȷʵɱŻˣ뵽ñԺôͬѧˣ
˾谲ο걦ŮתŭӸװǼ䣬λڽ߳ƵĽһԵƣôŮģȻɱֻҽԺ֪Ƿ
Բ𣡡װŵɫҰףͨһ
˾ʱӵ꾯ߵǰ˵˾鷳һãҪǾ참
ʲôһãҼұŮ˸ˣǾþȻûҿ죬ǳԸɷô˾ԾȻûƣ˵˵ʲô֣ǳ־ô
˾ҽʯᣬڽӵ֮ѾٶȸϹˣҾֳҴӣǶҵΣϣܹһ£ллʯľ٣ĻӦ
ʯ̬ȣó춼Ϊ͡
óʯ϶ǽоһľӢָǿԲ˵ܹ˾ĴзʱһҲ·ĻӦΪѵá
˾ʯ֣΢΢죺ǽǾһ֣־Ȼ˹ߣ˾ĳӡ
˵֮ĸʯ·ˡ
ʯͷ⣬Ȼߵ˾ǰ
֮Ѿ˾衢˾Իʱ䣬˲ڵĻ
վŮˣĸӣǰֳһС
ˣߴλʯصע⡣
˾ⳡܰŮǣ˵һҪʵˣ϶˾
˾С㣬Ҽ˵һɱֵ̡
ʯº͵˾˳İѸղŷȫ˵
ĸ˾һһ¼ĸصɱ֡
˾¶ʯһֻ۱һֻۣû
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Ȼܹһɴְҵɱֺ֣ݶܲ򵥡
Ǹˣ˾ֻɴд۾ɱֵѨλʯΪ˾Ļû⣬Ϊãжϳģ书һϲͨ˾Сһ֮ԡ
ʯΪּĸ֣˵۹Բд
ԼҲǸ֣׿Ǿͨ书֮ˣôֻܽΪܺˡ
ͬĻ˾衣
벡ĸɱֱ˴򵹣һʱ²ɵġ
ǳǣŮȻֻ˲ʮʱ䣬ʹְҵɱ֡
Ȼ˾Լ书֪Ҫ˶̵ʱڴְҵɱ֣Ѷжߡ
ֵµڶ֣ûһ˰õ
һ̣˾˰֮ġ
书ôߣ־ŮûΪþ̫ϧˡ
Ȼ˾貢ûȫӳ
ȻΪſڵɱã˾軹ǰ⣬ڵݱͬʱҲһ³
˵󣬻װġ
ڴӵĴ󽭺켣꣬˾Ͳжһˡ
Ϊʱ˵۾ƭԼ
Ҳϻв͸ˡ
ɵĽ;ϰߣ˾費Źκһ˿ϸڡ
лλֵܾҵŮҽضسлλ˾мߵͳǰ
Ȼ֪˾ĸмдɷݼ̬Ѿǳѵá
ֻ̤ǵһ𣬾û˾赱ɸ߸ϵĴ
ֻ΢΢ͷ˾˾ɵսѣҰɵãֻǾ֮ͣ㲻óлҡ
Ŷɵսѣ̫Եˡ˾ǰһ¶ȡźڽɫƬ죬˵жرծس仰ȻŮ˾Ƿһ飬ԺʲôҪĻ㾡ңƬϵĵ绰УֻҪҪܰ쵽һ졣
ҡͷܣûнӹ˾Ƭ
˾迴ǰı֡
ӾǷѱ
֮ġ
˾ϲĸ֣гһĸԸΪãĳɾ͸޷ݵġ
첻ƬȴֵĽ˹
˾ĻӦöͬЧɣҿɾͲˡľٶʯº˾¶ɵˡ
Ǵû󵨶Ƥˡ
Ȼͽ˵




1705¡
 

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첢ûе档
Ҳҵ档
ĻӦԾǵˡ
Ƭȥ˾΢΢һ㵡
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ͲһˣһǸβӲԵ
治ס
ֻϧ˾Ϊܺÿƣȴ벻ʵҳǴѧΪΪ硢ϵˡ
˾ִмϵҪӦúס
ûеҪΪйǡ
Ϊ˾֣ܿܺҪҵǺϡ
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飬ǾҪͼ֮֮ܲ
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ʯᣬ˾ĳϣͱȥ¼ڹˣŮ˵һûʲô¼ġ
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ֻ˼룬ͷԣǾͰѷ˴ߡ
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ʱ߽һЩˣ󲿷ҽԺ쵼
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Ҿ˵ôܶԸְҵɱ֣СҶܷŵ
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ǵۣܶӺСɫЩÿ
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СģԺڳһӡ
ģСӹʺôôãҲˣڻһóһƨ¶ûУҲ𣡡СֻҰο

ɫ䡱ĳ˾鷿һʷ鿴
Ů˾Ѿط˯ˡ
˾֮ǰվһԼʮͷװġȵˡ
ҹʱ֣˻ְܱٷְٵľԼľôʢ
常ҪҲˣ죬Ѿ鵽ϡ




1706¡ѧŵ
 

˾常ˣ嫣˾ļĸ͵ɽ֮һ˾ĺҵķ֮һ嫸˵˾λӷǳء
ôͲ鵽ͳĳϣ˾¶ʮ
ʮ½Ӵҵ۹ԽԽˡ
Һʶ飬һھǱ嫣ûйľڴһڳ¼ϵӵʵ
˾Ȼ嫵ĳɳ⡢οǲ׼ԼƿصȨƽϡ
˾رǶȨЩԽ󣬷Խ̰Ȩƣ޲õǰһ̻ߵλϡ
˾費ԸλҲΪԼŮ˾ƽ
λϽţгһλϣôյĳұض͸ѱԼŮˡ
һ˼ӹԺ˾΢΢̧ͷע嫵۾ǵͳĿڵ˵˵鵽ʲô
С˵үսѣô˺ܿͬһӣ־ˣүӲ͸©ڲӵһϢ޷鵽ǰʲôְڲеλжߡ嫸׵ü
˾ͷ嫲鵽ЩϢҲܴŲ²⵽
ǿƥֻ֣һͨǿ϶˵ȥġ
Ե˵Լ˾սʱ˾貢⣬ȷʵкͬһӵʵ
˾ûųһֿܡ
Ǿѣ
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ţͼѰɣֻҪ֮ǰѳС˾˵ȳȣһҲż֪ľ屳
嫴ӰҲ֪ġ
˾軹ˣһǻؽģһǧҹһĻԱ
ȻĺڿŶʱ·˾軹Ǿ÷ǳֵ
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ʹרŰ˽ܹ˵Զݣһմ³񹤵С꣬ûʲôرļͥһ˿Ļش
ô򵥣˾赹ӵİﶼᱣһֻɣ³һȦ˾˵ѳϢҲŵƥһ£ûʲôֵעĵط
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嫵ͷӦȻһ䣺ɱֵıҲˣɱֱϵҹ߾ǳԾһɱ֯ı־˵֯ϳᲴٷûҵǵĲص㡣
֯˾һδİ̺ݺ̻Ҹĸ۵ģ˾ˣȻϧؽ붯ְ֯ҵɱ֣ߣҲһҪöԷÿ
常Ҳ²Ӷ֯ɱֵˣҪôǼԣǱߵĶָҪôˮĹͷ졣˵
˾ԣɫ΢΢һҰצ쵽ҵĵӦòܣָ͹ͷǰ걻Ҵͷڹ꣬ϢĸôͶָ𣿡
ǡܲͷɣǶĵֶΣǾҪĵƲˣ嫵ȻΪɱְܳŮֶκܲ
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˾ͻȻЦ
嫣ʲôã̫ˣ϶ûһǿֵģָܶͷ컹ҵĶ϶ЩֶܲΣӲɣ嫣㻹ѧŵ㰡




1707¡Ĺ
 

常ѵǡ嫵ͷѹø͡
˾躬ЦҲǿ㽲һ㣬Ϊӣᣬ˿ɲˡ
ç˾裬ڴĽ֪꣬ɻľӣЩС
󲿷ִӣᱻӱѣ´۷䣬³ǳҡ
˾軹嫵ӣΪΪԼԲῴ嫵Ʒ
ĵֶΣصĸ
л常佱ûʲô£Ҿ˳ȥˣϢ嫵ÿһ仰зִ磬ὫԼݵλ˾˾ȡ
Ҳ˾ǳһ㡣
ţҲȥϢɡ

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չ涨ÿ8㵽8㣬ҪŷֶӳѧУſڡѧ¥¥ʵҵȵطվѲߡ
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û˶ɹΪ߸ˣѧУȫְ⣬׵һ
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ţ֪ˣ죬߰ɡ
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쿴һۣҲû˵ʲô͸ųߡ
룬ں溰ȥУſվѲߣðչ涨ϢϢı˵˵ģ
лûлͷ֡
ʵʹ㰲ֵַվѲߣҳ˫˵Ŀ꣬ҵ¡
ڳǣʳ˾֡
Ӳ϶ǲеġ
̫ߵ
ǿӲֶʳ˾֣һͼ˫˵ĶԲϣǻûҵĿ꣬ȵ˾裿
Ȼ˾Ȩƶ˵ûʲôвСҲҧˡ
˼ţߵУſڣһվһߡ
˾վţҲҹȥѵһ
۸ǽǴѧǱ򣬵Ӳӣ
Ӳš
컹ǳǶǡ
վһУſڵŮ
ԭֻͨŮѧͻȻжһЩӰ
ܿ췢֣ЩŮѧǳġ
ۣĺøߴͣʹһ
˵һ˴üɱ֣ϵϵ˾һأ
ÿϧʱҲֳ֣
ۿһȺŮΧʱе㲻ڣæߵһߣסļ򣬸Ůӽܵһ˶Ըɱ֣λֵܣҲ
ļٵģŮȫ̫š
ϾȣۿɼĲࡣ




1708¡
 

ľٶֻܱʾ
һﲻóŮӴ򽻵Ȼơ
Ȼḻĸ龭°շĵĻԻսԳʥûʲô⡣
Ů촵ˮ
ֱɱȫһʰģǻϽҪ΢ţһ仰Ůǵעȫתƻϡ
ЩϴѧûõŮѧԾһֿȵĳݡ
˵ĳĳѧѵ̹ٴŮѧʵ֤
һ˵ֱЩŮȫΧҪ΢ţеĻȥֱۼ⣬·ȵ׷Ůһ
ʱ޴롣
ȫˡ
֮ǰЩŮѧУſڽһۡ
ͳŮѧ£˻ãŮϻһǷ޸֪ܡ
ʱУſ߽׸׸һ°һȺŮѧȥ
һ˾֡
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ǱǱӦ
ǿ˾ĽţĽ˺ھͳ߶ˡ
ֻС˶ѣõòҿɲڼ˾ĵһȺŮѧԶ˿
˾ǵıŮòڵϵϵЩŮѧֻԲ
ΪʲôҪȥҰֵĽˡ
˾뿴𱣰ݹó졢죬ɱʵ̫ίˡ
ͦõġ΢΢һЦֿһ۳Ӣͬζ
һԿһȻԵΪ٣ƽһ¡
ȻԸҲҿ죬ֻΪû־
磬治ʲô˾ҲΪҲ⣬ˣǾõþУǺȾƣлһҪŶ
û⡣һڴӦ
׳˾֣û뵽˾Լˡ
Ⱦ׻ĺûᡣ
쿴˿Զ˾ڣ뵽飬˾ܻɱ֣Ϊ˾սѣʱúúñλС㣬ҲͷӦ
ͳ˾ȾƣǸĽӶˡ

ϰ˵㣬˾߽Ǵѧߵľưɡλùȡ
Ҿưڿѧ쳣𱬣ѵ˷ǳࡣ
һ߽ȥʱеĵֻ֣Իõƹ֮£һʱŮڷŤþƾ̼Լ񾭡
˾һС㣬ôưͣʵ
ֲʲôҹ㣬Ȼôϲôڼͥͨ˲ͬ˾ԸӣСԶưֳ
ҽкܶڸкԶǽǴѧϲѧ
ȥҵͬѧһɣȽ֡˾ЦߵһͿ֮ǰͼŮӴк
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ԭѧУǿְ
ҿɴǵˣ
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غ
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ܶ˶֪˾̳˸´󷽵Ը񣬶˾ϲԶΪֻҪһˣ͸ȫ򵥣ưѵˣѾֲˡ
Ͼ֮˾ʹһɱƱơһ
֮սȣҲˡ
춼Ƕ໰֮ˣֻһߺȾƣһ߿ӡ
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ʵϣԼ֪Ҳ˲١
ͻȻ֮䣬쿴˾ڵܸܲҵſһ£иشϢ㡣
ҸϢðȥſڡ˾˿̰ѣһᵽ磬ʹӦˡ
ͬѧǴк֮˾߳ưſڡ
߳ʱ˾Ϳܰĺ
˿̺żӸ磬һʶصĺưߡ
ưſûע⵽˾߳ȥ
ȴע⵽˺ֻעĲǺӸ磬ǺŵǸӡ
֣
ĵһжϡ
ӼŸĴͷɫᣬĿ纮·ưɵȫ޹ء
еǣֶ̫Ѩ¡𣬶̫Ѩݽȥġ
˵·Ӻܿƫ졢аŵһ֡
Ҹ˾˵֮󣬵þ췵Ҳǳűȥģֵܻ棬ҪǱͲˡ




1709¡
 

˾ߵ·ߺ󣬿սѵãֹ
һϲֱֱ˵û˴ź£ȴǶ˾˵ڡ
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ʵע⵽ɫе㲻Ծ
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ҸֱеľӢǵĲǻĲӣôִ
̾˿
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仰˾֪Լ׸սˡ
λС㵱۵һ˳
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˾ͻȻĨᣬ˫Ŀͨʵ
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Ұֽڴ磬ҰֺˣôܱҸĳ𣿡˾˿Ѿ޳ͷԡ
ҲڵǸӣɱ˾ɵľⷸ֯ƾһУθ׼ķ֯濹⣿
ȷʵǸˣܵġٴҡͷҳǸֻ֯߳Ϊɵսѣ֪һ˵Ƭ֯ɱ󣬰ʬƬˣһǸ֯ܿܶһҲֱӸϹǣǴ㰵б㡣
磬ΪʲôҪأڲǸôǸ֯𣿡˾ʵ
ҷһЩ¡˵ţ¶һĨɬЦݣ˵ҵˣ֮һ仰һΪ籨𣬵ʱǧҪݾߣ÷֪֯ǣʱûи֪ѶҲ
Ǹⷸ֯ѵƾƬҵҺҰܵĻãҰ־ΪҸ籨ˣ˾Ļǳ⡣
شǰĻҾòܣڲһˣϳһǳȽܹͨһ˵ĳϢȵȣ˵ϸϣѾƬĻǾ͸ӺңֻߵˣΪǸ֯ܿѾѲؼҺһҪ֣ǿ䡣
֪ˣ磬ллѡ˾˫üһͻȻʼ磬һˣô׶ķ֯սӵ˲𣿡
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ֻ˾֪϶˾ɸߡ
ֵ£ﲻʲôæּǿͺˡ˵ţͻȻʲôȽȥɣҸղſͻĹӸ纫һֽưɣưܻ£ǣЩͬѧ
˾ͷѹס߽ưɡ
ʵ̸ʱ򣬾ưѾ£ֻǲԤеĴ¡
߽ɨưɴܿע⵽˴Ϳϵĳǿ첽˹ȥ
ⲻǽǴѧ±˵һ죬˾СȾƣôھһˣߵǰʵ
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ע⵽ǸϢӣֻƳ˺һۣ³ĸ֣ƨ£
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һССıΪ߹ʺ˰˾СһΣΪԼţˣ
λͬѧǶ֪ɱ˾С㣬ҪǿǸ֣СӾһɱַѣʱҲҽԺҵĻ϶ȥǸɱֲǶŶӣ
һ˾ʮͬѧ
ȻǲԼͬĿ
ԭûаʲôæǴܣ




1710¡
 

˵ĻôֵðӦҪǿұӲŶԡ
֮ѾʼˣǲɹĻȣȻȵ˵˸λͬѧҽһ£ҽкҰǽǱزܲúФ
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ȻȲǼƣ˶ɣФ϶Ͻǵز綥塣
ΪФĿɽʡڳǽĴаͶ
Ͷڴһ˲֪˲СӶ֪ͶǴλ֮һĵ۰
˾¶һˡ
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ӸµĿųһĲм
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ⲻǰү֮һӸȻ뵽ߣ򵥰
Χ˵ľ˾ʮͬѧɫˡ
ԴǸӽưɡ֮Ǿһֱо
ԭӾȻǰͶ֮һġߡ
ŰͶ֣һºšաһºšߡ
ˣ׾İٽľʯսҲƫͣһȭܰ˵򰼽ȥ
óֹʽ˷ʤȫ·
ѽպ߷ۺϸ̨˽񶷣ʤ
ھưָӻ´ս߸пʤ
ۺʵʤ
ֻߺͽ֮ıȽϡ
ͬȼĸ֣ҪȡɣͨˣǾȫѹˡ
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ưϳ֮ߵжһ˿
Ŀ˳һۣȻԺ˵ɫҲ˼ҳ֣˵һҴ򡣡
ʵܹ붯ߣȫΪԭ
ʶһʵʵһĿġ
Ǿǲֱָ˾
ôλ˾迿ҪļƺͲ֣ܴʵߡ
Ҳˣ˾ֻס̣չҵĻǾҪӲӲˡ
ȲӲӲ˾ֻгԿ




1711¡һιʺ
 

֪иظ־˾һ֮߱ʹϴϴȥǴѧú֡
߾뿴쵽ж͡
շշǲܵĻǾֱӲԲͶ˾Ӫ
û뵽ûҲˣȻֽѵһСӣʵ̫ˡ
Ц߸磬СӸǸϵõúܣҪǳ飬϶ͷԾͷһΰɡ
˵þȻеĿͶ
˿һֲĸо
ĿӣеĴȻ֣˵ܵš
ְܴҵɱ֣߸д趼Ұɣм˵
˾ʮͬѧڴǺ뿴ˣǲдְҵɱֵʵ纫˵ֻ˹ʺˡ
ͻȻվ
˶ΪҪˡ
ǳֻ΢΢һЦ֪Һ˾ߵúܽкܴûҪôǰֵôȥϴּһ°ɣ
һʱ䣬˴۾
ȥϴּ䣿ʱЦû뵽Ȼôˣͽ⣬һӦûкҵʸ񣡡
λ߸дĻҲȥϴּд衣˶εġ󡱵
ԣе֮ɫ˲˼㡣
ǵһαСɫ
ΪͶ֮һ֮ŷɥ˭ҺдʱҪϴּ䣿
ǶĲ
СӣˣǸҲס㣡Χ˺ë
ɫ糣Ϸʰչӣ뵱ô˵㣬ϴּ䣬ô㷴ҴӦˣ
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Цĳļ򣺡ȳȥ˵ɡ
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ߣҶԸСаŵúܣұһСʹӣ˸ʵĸ֣Ӧþ˵죬״̬Ҫھư𣿺Ժ鲻Ҫˣ
ߺѺ˵ͷ̧
ľɲû뵽һ˹ʺˡ
ãҲãΣѵĽֻɺϣ
ˣɵ뵽һָµĿܡ
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ʱһɫµԼٶȿ˹ӹͣ¡
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ŵˣ͵ʵ߸磬ôˣʶµϵĳ
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ʣϿ쿪ߴߴٵ
źתֵ۽⿴¼³İµϳȻջĿ⡣
סµϳǰүǲˣ




1712¡Ի
 

үǲ𣿡仰ò̶ץȡ
ڴһƬүŷɥ
˵ɫµϵĳͶʲô
߸磬˼ǣǳͰүϴһģ
ʣղԼµϳЩ˸
֪ͺá
ĿУǸµϳȷʵϴϴλࡣ
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˶֪˾ǴλУǴӿԻˮ¡ƽʱǳ͵ĴﲢûС

ȥǴʼնûз֣ղžưſ˫۾ںڰжǣҲžưɽˡ
˫۾һɫڳ
һ˫۾̺侲ȵȵʣ˫۾ˣǳĽǵһʯᡣ
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б̳ǣͷղҹȥ͵Ǹ˾̸ͺˣ˵ʲôش
ȥ͵ĻԻᱻ֣ʯͷһۣ˵ǸǶֺ֣֮ܿܲ£Ǿ˳ķǳǿûղź˾˵ʱȻܴ󣬵۹·˷𣿡
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ͷ쿿˾ŮĿ϶˾ɣ˵죬˾ĺϣ֮ڷ˵仰ģǸղŴǷǸ¡
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ʯٴҡͷǶµϳ书Ÿӿ£ٽȥһˣסµϳȻһѹ̫ˡ
ͷȥһбԸ£³Ȼưȥ

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ر˾ۿˣҲˣװдϡ
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˾Ҫϴּ䣬첻ɫվԸսǸб¶˸ȻҲϴּȥ




1713¡عӸ
 

£ִ񣬾Բᱻϳ
Ϊ999˶ͨˣûбµ
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⻰һʳڣߵ־;ˡ
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һô׵ĴڨֶΡ
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ǲ˼˾ɫ΢΢һ죬ҲΪʲôԼͻȻʣ̫ˡ
ۼӸ߽ϴּ䣬˾֣ôˣһΪʲôأôһ˧ʧǣɲ㰡
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ڣǼºܻܿ˾ĳߣ˫رա
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ûϵҸһȥɣ˶Ӧ˵ȴǣپ˾һΣô˾־ͺʵöˡ




1714¡
 

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˾ĳܺãֿ죬ó춼Ŀ࿴
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ƺһְѵ״̬
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ʯˣҵ˾ٶȣԱҪ졣




1715¡4¥
 

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Ϊص״ųǿңǺġ
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1716¡
 

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1717¡ˮ׾
 

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ûпϣҲΪͨݡ
˵ԼĲ²⡣
һǸǿд˰ȫţôΪҪô뿪Ҫôȥݡ
˵ʯһߵſڣûпκ쳣֮
ǵ¿ż߽֮󣬵סˡ
⣡




1718¡ֵͨ
 

ʯݺڷ쳣֮
졢˾衢嫺ͷˮӵһ߽ȥʯĿ֮
һ֮£ȫ¶֮ɫ
ݾȻи4㣡
ղǰѸ1㵽3㶼˸׳ˣҲûָ4Ĵڡ
Ҳ˵Ψһͨ4·
뵽õۣ˾ɫ
ۣȻΥ潨֪ĸ4㣬ߣ϶ĳЩΪ֪ܡ
常ҪҪȥʾ
Ȼ˾ԥ˾ܾܿڸ4㣬ȥ
˾˵ʯ㰴˸4İť
ݳرͨҪ٣һֻ10˴ˡ
½ݱ˾裬·˵
ŹϺһ˿õԤС
ʯᡢҲƵĸо
ҵ½ȥʱ˸о¶ȻȽͣ˲併¡
ڣ¾ͺֻܵͣм϶ȡ
ÿ˳ŶᴩϺ·
˾贩һô£ǳůͣ˿ȴоǵĺ䡣
ľ֮£˾迴ԵӣΪ¶쳣
·ųǿҡɷŨأ¶轵ȥ֮ⲻ¶ȵͣǺܻܿδ֪ΣաӵɫҲе㲻ÿ
²⸺4㱻ۺͽʦһɷ׾֡
óȻȥô붼ǲס
ֻǸղûмʱ˾裬Ѿڵﻢ£ֻӦ䡣
뵽ǵһʯҲԷ
˾ȴǵǼˡ
Ůں䳹ǵĸ4ôãû˺˾˾ԼҪ
󣬵ͣŴ򿪣⿴ȥֻһƬʲôҲ塣
Ԥϣ´ֻƣ߳ݿ·
սս߳ţֻĴɨǰһֵͨ
˾輱Ů첽߳ݡ
常ȵȣ嫷ָ4죬ߵ˾ǰѵǻǵȫչѲɡ
ȲˣһӦ֣ȽȥѲ顣˾˵ţǰͨȥ
룬ֻҧϡ
졢ʯỹҲ֮
嫵ĸ£Ÿһ߽ͨ󣬲ŷͨߵǽϣðɫͿϻŸֹ½Ļ񣬿ȥɻֺСͿһǰ㣬û˿óǽϻĵʲô
ֻǽڵĻʮˣ·ʱħִצץһ
ǡͨĵ·˵Ŀڵ۲˺һЩΪ֮Щ־߲ηֻΪԼ޼׾ֵĵһؿڣλһҪо񣬲ҪǽϵĻԻ󡣡
˾辭ʮ㻣˵СϷȻӰ첻
ʯ͸˵ˣ˶־ᶨһˡ
嫣һֱܳȵ¶һ˿η֮ɫ
䡢ĻǽϹ½ͿԺһЩܲõĻþ
Ѻ嫰ҧ⣬Լѹ
常ۺܿܰС㣬Ȼ´׾ר̶ԸǻǲҪȥ˰ɣ
УûʲôȾȳҪǰߣѾûʲôΣܹҡ˾־
λһȣͨȥ
˽Ϊʯ֮⣬ֻӲͷƤϡ
Ÿ˻û߶Զ󷽴һҽС
ǸڵݿڽӦ˳ˣ
常æͣǰ˾衣
˾ת˫üšˡ͡
ǰˣ嫵ŹǺͼɵ常룬ݱƻǾҪڸ4ˣ
˵ʵ˾ԼҲһʱͿǵһ㡣
ûиı⡣
Ϊ˵еʱ쿪ڵȷȥݿڲ鿴ⱻ׽
ͬ⡣ʯԼ
˾һᣬֻ嫴ͷߡ
嫰һ常վһۣؼʱ̻Ƿֵóػġ
ͨļѸٷصݿڡ
֮˷˸顣
ղŷҽеǸˣȻˣ
嫵ĸĴ鿴ûзֵµӰ
˿ͻȻѵ
ͬʱ˼
һŴ򿪣ĿɿڴһĻˣ
ֻ棬嫵¾Ȼ˵һأҲ֪Ǳ˭򵹵ġ




1719¡˵ز˾
 

һĻ嫵һʱ뵽۶֡
۲ָǿóĶа
ôô£Ǳ˭򵹵ģ
ȻĲȫ£֪ڸ3£϶Ҳˡ
常˵ز˾һҪ뿪֮£ֻ뾡뿪4㡣
˾ûлӦĻ
˿̣λһʮּѵľ
ѡ뿪ǾͺܿһӶԼŮ
ıƸĿҲܴ
һҺԩ޳ΪҪôĻԸң˾һ˲Լ۵н
ʵ۶û棬ֵµҲû۽
˾ô붼벻ͨ
ڲʱ
뾡ˡ
常嫴ߴٵ
ǵһζ˾費
˾貢ûй
ÿ˵ʱ̣˽ģᣬ޵δȻ벻׵ط
˾ǿȥȥ֣ԼȥѲ顣ľʼûб
ûоȻõս˾ɣѾ
˾۰öȲıضһܵǴ
죬¡
ʱʯҲˣվ£ֻһɣǾΪС
ʯһۣȻͷʯ¶˵һǳǿ
˾ֶҪ£Ļȥ֣Ͷһ㱣գȫ˶ݽվ
ʯ٣˾ĳǳлλȥ̵֧Ԯǣ˾赱ϣʾл󣬶ߣյȥ
ǣ常嫵ĸ°ѵﱻεϳڳռ˾衢һ߽ݡ
Ŀ˾谲ȫĴ˵ȥʯῪʼж
˻ӦСͨȥ
һΣֻ˺̵ܶʱ䣬߹˵ͨ
˽һĴ֮ڡ
ȻʯܿӦΧĺڰ
ͻȻ֮䣬ע⵽ǰһģӰӡ
ӰԽԽܹӰʱһ졣
ۣ㣿ʯѿڶ
ûӺڰ߳Ӱõۡ
ֻɫ˵λڰִҵ˽˿ռ䣬ҵһأ
ۣΥ˽4㣬ʲôĿģʯûлش۵Ļķʵ
ʯ仰ͻȻЦ
ʯ٣̫ܵˡ
Ȼǽǵһ٣ƻҪ֪Щ㲻ùܡ
۵ľ棬ʯ̵ֻ˵ĸ֣Ǿ졣
ǾΣ֪ұ˭ʦԲּܹǵġ۲мЦţʯѾˡ
ʯ˵ʲôȴ˵ʯ٣ϻץס˾ǣ
һ䣬磬ۡ
ÿԳһû뵽׳ˣȻźͽǾһֲʵ
ʯҲˣΧסۡ
ǳĿ죬ǵ֮ȴԼ˸ա
һѾһλϷʵɫǡ
ٺҲûãҾף
ߣСҲǰŪһӦõ۷߻
սʯỹҪḻǰûжԸĶ֡
ֻҪо񣬱רעֵĻˮƽٸߣҲӰ첻
ʯҲģٶϣһλԤһγֵķλ
Ȼ˿֮ʧˡ
һһȥ۳ֵλá
ףķӦǿúܣֻϧһöûСۼԼҪץסʮֵĳЦ
ץסһ˲䣬оָһ΢紵
Ѿλãڴһ
ʯῴ쳣û׷ȥ
ȥٿ죬Ҳֻù
죬ͣ¡ʯҪƶסղ˾÷ˮ˵ĴųǳǿңұΪ֮ԣԴӽ֮ҸоԼг⣬Բ񾭣ǲҲָоǵķӦû֮ǰôˣ
˵ץסۣΪų⣿ԭҲЩ
òʯ˵е
Ϊ巴ӦǲƭԼġ




1720¡Թ
 

žžž
ͻȻ
ʯǴ
ųǿ͹۴ڵġ
ǿҲ޷Υųɡ򡣡
һ⣬ǿң𣿡
ϷʵЦ⣬ʯз䡣
ֻһþô۾ͰŪڹ֮ˡ
ֻԼֱһʯ٣һԻһˣ
Һһĸоǿºץʯ֪۾ʱƭԼֱᡣ
춼˼ˮ׼ĸֵ֣زֱжϳֵʵλȵϢ¡
书Ψ첻ƣֻҪǹ죬Ƶõһаϰɣ
仰δ˵꣬׶ȻԸٶȳۡ
ʯǳĬĸϣγɺΧ֮ƣͼ۱ǡ
۵糸һ㣬üֻʣһӰˡ۲һݣɵ֮ɫһӶ
ٴοܱտռĴų任λʯΧ
ǲʮ룬Ͳץס·
ʯ٣һ֧Ų˶ˣǼӿٶȣ콫ӵµͬʱܿ˵ʵжǿ
ҿٴμӿٶȣʯᾪ岻ѡ
ֱʵֱףȻܹһٵ١
ͻȻкţһȭеš
һΣٷ֮һٵĿ϶۶㲻ȭͷ
Ϊȭ棬Ѿܹܵ۵ĺ
أ
۶ֻܲӲһȭ
һȭ֮۲ųɹλһȴվվȡ
վԭأȻһЦһȭΣ
ߣˣ۶ԽԽɵη壬ΪֻСҵ֡
仰޷
ղ˶ƴһȭͷ۲濴ȥֻһŵĹӣġ
ˮƽôߣռ֮ĵȷʵǳ֡
ٺãҲѷɫһ컹аֵļһ
ʯһ׷ۣһʵۣ֮ǰĸ֣ǲǱıˣ
֮ǰʲô֣ʮ־档
ȫװӣҲǷǳԻ󣺡Ǹͽϰȫĸ֣4ѵû
ܳԭ֮ǰ˴ˣ۳Ծ֮£սһʯһǺϻȻӵĳλ
ҪлѣǾͺúһɣ
һЦûڰ֮Уһƾʧ
ʯٶʧǽڣǽûκλذţҲ֪ġ
˶һۣ
һ϶ܲ˶ԶǾڸ4ѿ쵱ϵ
ţ
ʯ˵ͷܣֻֻһڡ
ֻʱͨߣ鿴Ƿаͨڲ

4㣬Ѿһʱ䡣
֪֮ʯҲˡ
ͨʱһʼҲ졢ʯһҲذš
졢ʯֲͬǣӵС˸Ӧ
ƾܹ׸ӦĸλõĴųǿĸ
ΪŶĴųĵطųͻƿڡ
ͺеһ
ҵۣ൱˴
׾ٵҳųλãλİػء
»ذť֮ǽϳһһͨİš
ԥĽţ֮󣬰¹ϣ½˾Կһ˿쳣
֮ͨ󣬱ź羪ˡ
ӣɰǧľӣװܱտռ䣡
Щӻ෴䡢䣬óۻҡ
СһӰϷ
ӰľԹͺͳڿһ
ʲôֶȤζʮ־裬߽Թ
ųǿûôˡ
ҪųϷλҲ޷֮ǰɡ
ò͸ͫضƽԹ
ˣ߿·˰ȫƻţھ߶
ӣûҵκγڡ
ʶԼ·ˣʵBƻƾӣ
žž
һ澵ӱ飬һµľӳڱľ֮
·Щ޾
˼֮󣬳ͣ
֪ȥҲǰ취Ϊ֮Ǿȳ˾
Ѵʱ龵ӣ˾׶༪ˡ
ǳ͵Ŀ񣬽ȫȥԹĴų֮УĸӦƬռĴųǿ
ҲҪһʱ䣬ô˵ȴƾӿ졣
ʱ䲻ֹ֪ȥӡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ſ۾վ
ųֱ仯ˣ
͵תͷһ澵ӣֻϳھưǸعӸ硣
⹫Ӹۡ
۴˿̵ıҲǴŨŨľ档
Ǹˣ




1721¡è׽
 

ŶȻ֪ƻİʣе졣
һҲܷƳ4ӦþӸĵ̡
֮ǰ²ӸȻôųǿͳãþ
۳ھһ̣棬Ϊ֪˿϶Ӹ
۵ľ̶Ⱦʹˡ
û뵽˴뾵Թ֮󣬾Ȼ˵
ȥƽƽˣƺԹƵ
㾿˭˵䣬Ѿ任һ澵֮С
΢ĻӦֻ˾ѣ˾ʲôͼ
ֱ϶Ӹ˾˾ض⸺4֮ڡ
ߣ۵ͼʸ֪ģ۵ҲñȻ㴳ҵĵ̣Ǿ͸ɣ
仰˵꣬ͻȻʧھ֮С
Դˣš
ΪܹĸӦΧĴų仯
ղŴʱ򣬳Ѿȫ4ռĴų
۵ĳ֣¾ԹĴųǳԵĲ
˲۶׾ٵĸӦλλ
ǿȴؾ֮ûжԳ֡
ղѾ졢ʯύ֣Զ˵˴µжϡ
ڵ֪Ǹظ֣Ҳ˵졢ʯ֮¡
۵ȻӲ
һ̣ڳľϢĴһȭ
ھԹ͵Ϯõȡʤʽ
۴ǸֶεˣȡȲʤȯ
ֻôû뵽ȭͷгʱͻȻת¶һڽɫ
ܣ
۴ʧɫ֮£Ҫʼʩ任λ
Ĺٿ졢㲻Ȼһȭ
ȭӣֻоȫ𣬷·ȫͷҪѿһ㣡
ˣȻԤеĻҪǿö࣡
ԶԶ˵ޣ
־۵ģμˣ˲ûھ֮ڡ
˻ؾӵһ˲䣬޷ƵһѪȾ졣
û׷ΪѾ澵Ӻˡ
ŵľӿռ۵Ʈ֪ĸλô
ٴʳ֮ǰǸ⣺Сӣ㵽˭˾Ůʶּĸ֣
˾Կһֵµĸֲǿ֪֣ͰΪϱ㲻ǽĬĬ
Ҳ˵ˣǽǡϷʻӦ
ûпĳΪƾ˸Ӧܸо۵ķλ
۹˵ŪúƮͼԼλãȫù
㲻ǽˣȻһҲԣĸ֣Ǳ˾ǱƸ룬˵Ļӽ˾Ҳͼ
㻹ô
˵ţ˫ͻȻϷĳһ㡣
һ֮£ǿ龵浱Ť¶۵Ρ
ô֪һɲɫ
Լʦʦ˵ԹʺĻӣǽʦԼ֣ơ
ȴһٸӦķλ
۵κˡ
˾衢ּĴУһ͸ˡ
۶Դ˷ǳ԰
ȴһȫ͸ˣ
ָо۷ǳˬ
˾ûôʱϻۣ
ߣΪӦõҵλþܴңʦµĻþоһ궼ƽⲻˣȻڳĸӦ޿֡
ԭֻһǾʦǽʦ
û˵˫ϥ΢ͻȻͬڵϷе۳ȥ
۾˲ɴı̬ٶһûھ
һȭ澵ӣȻѸײڶٶȳһ澵ӡ
Ҫ澵гȴû뵽ԤеλãʱŵˣֻٴζؾӺ档
׷һֻھﶫء
ܿ죬۵óһۣ̫ǿˣ޷ͨĳܣѰ͵ϮĻᡣ
óĽ֮۲òԼֻܳ룡
ģҰʦ㻹ŵʱ۾뿪ԹȥʦʦԸ
۵ĴųӦԶ룬Ҳóһˡ
ļı
ʵͿ԰۴ӾоĿҵ˾
ӣ϶˾
ԳֻҪ뿪Թɡ




1722¡ɺ
 

û۳֣¾ԹĴųԱ仯ҪһЩʱ뿪Թ
۵Ĵ£Ѵ֮ͳˡ
߳Թ󣬳ۻ𼱻ǵԹȥ
Ⱦͺ;Ƶ귿Ȳ࣬ûսͨȥǳˡ
ɱʮ룬ܹһսǣһſڣȻͳԿ׿š
Ȼһ
ܿ죬Ŵ򿪣Ϣĸһ߽ڲ
һͿһźϣԵŮ
һ˾
һŮ˾ͣҲǸѧ
ʦҪƷߣСӶ˾Ҫʦ˵
ȻߵͷӴͷһֽ
ȻΪȻܹĿֽϵּ硢ϡ
Ǽ˫˵֡
ֽϵİ֣΢΢һ
Ȼɺϣ
۵ʦҲҪֵˡ
Ѿˡ
㲻˾Ҳ֪˾Ϊ硢ϵˡ
ҳ󵨲²⣬ɵһŮӣҲ֡
ۿ˵ŮʦʲôƷ
ۣó뵽ҵĽ
Ҫʢ˥ȫ˫һˡ
Ҳ˵˫ֲܰĻҵĽ㻯ˡ
۵ʦĶ֮ô˾ʵǹؼǸ˵еĽʦǹؼ
뵽俪ڵۣʦ˭ȥ
Ȼ˵Ǽ䱻ŵûɢ˫һϵֽƮڵϡ
ת·һ㿴ų
㡢ôģ
ʳ仰ͬʱӿһ޷ֹ𺧺Ϳ־塣
ȻϢĸ߽䣬Ǿ˵˵Ĳ˷ǳ׵ĵز
ΪԼ졢ʯύֵĻȻκһ˵Ķ֣ʵǲ̫ࡣ
ҼϻˮƽһҲ졢ʯ֡
Ǵ˿̵ĳȴ۸оޱȵľ
ּĴڣʯ᲻֪߳Ρ
Ҳˣ۸ʦ
֪Լ뿪ĻᣬѾǳã
شҵĻʦ˭·һѪ˫۾ۿȫս
ҡʦߵĽʦҵǾѰ·
Ȼµ˼㣬ۻ쳣Ӳ
ΪԼʦʵ
ȻܹȣҲǳĿУܺʦȡ
ϾٸߣվǷˡ
ʦǴ˵Գ޷ߣ
һĸҲ޷֮⣡
ʦȻû֣ʵʦΪʲôҪѡǸ硢ϵ˵Ʒʦ֮
Ȱ㻹ǱЩ֪Խ࣬ԽңʶĻ̸ҳȥʦһһСܰûҷ𣡡۶ݺݵв
ҪƲ
ȻûϵʦֻƣֻҪһᣬа취ϵʦ
ֻϧһ˿ᡣ
ʦ֮ǰһַûǱ˷ҵʱ䣬ʦһж˵
˵ţǰһһʱҪֵ̬
æ˺һ־ŭȴҶŶӡ
һתͻȻһ˾
һУϻ˯˾͵ľѣӴȻ֪ʲô¡
˾˵˾һ㣬㲻̹ߡ
˾ûô£۾Ȼܹ·İһȫĻֻƾֱ
ֻһͱץסˡ
Сӣٲ˳ȥĻҪ˾
ɫû˵
ղʵֹۣûмʱ֡
Ϊó˾ڿ϶״̬۵ĳֻ
ǿоˣۺܻܿʩչ˾Բ񾭱
ۻ˾ľ⡣
СӣΪԼָǿſҷ֮ǰͻ˾ûõģ
˾Ϊʣֱ޿֡
ЦͻȻְɱ˾Ļܽ⣬ܿͻֲˣ
ֻһѡǾǸҹ£




1723¡֮
 

۵Ļǵû˳ȥǹһϷʵĻȡ
Ϊں˾Ů𣿡
㣬˾˵ǳҪɣ
ҪǴһֲ˻һ˾ȥʦʲô
۱˵ɫһ䡣
ȷʵÿɱ˾ĺ
㲻ɱ˾ֻ˾ֲˣʦҲԻصĳͷ
뵽ʦЩĥ˵а۲
ֻܶ˾Ǿ޷˾вһ½ѵľء
۷񣬳ȻƶΣȰ۵ǰһֶֻס۵ĺ
һȫ
ץס˾첲ֻҲֻɿ
ֵѡˡ
ȻϷʵЦ⡣
߽⿪˾Ļ
ųӣֻоͬĶħһ㡣
¸4㱻ó޼ӣֻʺϽʦзš
۴˿̾ãʦʺϴ޼
һҪʲôҶܸ㣡ۣڱŵ÷ġ
ҡҡͷ
ֻѡ񣬿ѡһ
Ҳ۾ʧĽеͽ⿪˾Ļȷſҡ
ɿסۺ֡
ֻת˾˾Ŀԣе״Ȼдʣƺ⿪
۸ˣթ
Ϊó˷ǳ
֮˾˫Ŀ
Ȼָˡ
˾ָǽһ֮󣬾һڣϵȥ
üͷ
æ͵˾û£ֻл̫ãأ˯һûˡ
߹ȥ̽һ˾ŷ
ϸĵע⵽Ķû뵽ҽ
ڿԷ𣿡
ȥʦĮ
һΣȴûдӦʦҪ֪û£ȥʱ϶һҸˣ
ʦˣھ
Ļͬѩء
ҡʹȥʦ˵ţתȥ۽ȴעĶ
ŮҪߡ
û뵽ʱʶͻȻ֮ɫзһͻȻƹ⣡
ţ˫üһˡ
Ȼһһƹ
޷ת壬ֻܽŮһףȻ˫һ
һо˫ۻۡ
徭ס۵ͻȻ
ʦҵĻһҲˣ㻹ô׷ң۵Ǵſڴģ˵仰ʱѾܳʮס
ܲʹýʦĻΪ˶ԸòĵŻⱣ
ҾΪ˳Ҳͣ鿴жܶ졣
ֻôҲû뵽ǵûˣ˶ûУֻܵƤЩʹаˡ
ߣܣ
һ׷ȥ
˾һŮġ
֮⣬ҲӦ˵ĴųŮܰȫ
ֻ֪·ܣܿܳ4㣬Ҫ档
̤һݣһ̣״סˡ
ǰĿ
ʦĻȻû£һ޷š
Ҫ𣿡Ȼʵ
ѾˣͻȻһֻ¶Ȼ޿ֵĽʶһʲôķ
仰˫Ȼǿҵɱ
ĻзóĻͼˣ
ΪûĳҪԸǷǳ鷳ġ
δۼ̷һţ۵Сߵúɳȥ
ˤڵϣ۵һ³һѪʹһģⶼƭ㣡
һ֪˵Ҫʶԭֻơ
Ϊһߵ÷ǳأѾûжʱɻˡ
˵ʦ䣬ҾܱסߵǰҪʣȴͻȻһɣ˲ϢϾ
ļһȻɱˣ
ʵۺúһΪʲôҪʱǰʦ
һ룬ת߻á
ʦＧ˫ٵһؼֻܿԼȥˡ

һߣ˾Ŵɱظ4㣬졢ʯϣ4Ĵغ;Թƻһɶ
Ӵǰ۵ľԹõپ棬޼¡
ƻԹ˴ȣһҵԵ˾
Ůû£˾ŵĴʯͷҲ
ֻǷ˾һͬԵŮ֮⣬ûˣҲ۵Ӱ˾衢ʯ⡣
ܣΪʲôŮ
ʱܽһ¶˾㱨˾үˣʬһ¥ά޵İȫͨڸ
ˣ
˾֮£Ůȥ
ȥ
ŨŨɻ졢ʯ˲ɵöһۣȻʯᱧһŮ˾߳䡣
ֶܺ棬ԼĵûаֶβұҲǿ˭ɱ




1724¡ƶ
 

֮˾衢嫡ʯһ˲뵽ܶණ
һ¥ȫͨڶȥʱ򣬲ԼͬţǲǱűˡ
ǸĻĸ֡
죬ֱڶǸظǳ̬
ֶθɴ䡣
ǸظŲٵĲࡣ
۾ʲôˣóҲϧؽ붯
ⷸӵ죬Զɱֵ۷ǳ˽⡣
Sְҵɱ𣬳һ־Ҫȡǧ
ֶԸSɱ֣һSĶ֡
ΪԼظнϴ࣬Ԥظ֣Ҫڳõ
ڳĴУ޼
˾λ
˾貢֪۱˭ɱģôظȻġ
һֱ˾赱һֻϺ꣬˾һоֹû˿ݵĺۼ
ôɱ˸ɶ󣬾
۽ʲôֵڳɱ֣
޷֪ⷬҲֻһԸ뷨
˵۵ĳˣ
˾衢嫺ʯҲ˺ͬС
˶Ǵˣһȫ뵽һȥˡ
ֻʯΪԱ׶½ֻۣǽ
ֱ˵Ķ˾˵常۱ظɱ˳֣
Ƕ۵˽⣬Сû˳֣Ǳϡˡ˾һʱ֮벻ͨ
ΪɣӴܵ鱨ûյۺϢǾ˵Թ޳
常ҿ˵ǽʦĳ𡣡ѹƺ뱻ʯһ򲽽ûнҲԳô˴£ɱ۵Ϣɢȥʱ򽹴ʦȥˣǱ֮
˾˫΢΢һ
֮ǰֶھȻҲŪˡ
òϣ嫵ļƲ߿Ժǿ
ȥ۵ʬ˵˾費ɫĻһ䡣
һǵһ٣ɲʯڵʱζԸ
˾˿Ѿֳ
ʯ߹ȥһֻڵϣѪĿеˡ
֮߹ȥʬһ̣üͷȻʯһۣ˶ӶԷĿп֮ɫ
˾Ҳ˹
Ǻʯᡢ첻֣ͬôġ
ʯѻŮ챧ţԼԼʬ塣
һݹİףʯ۵Сλᰴһ£Ȼɫ̧ͷ
ôüʵ
ʯ΢СλĹͷ౻һ߳ϡãʵʵһ
˵ͷʯĽ²һ
Ȼ˵ԼжϣӦþǸظ֡
˵ʯĬˡ
ڸ4ﹲͬУѾѡ
ʱڸ4ĴһԸûۣ۶ݽֹ󣬶Ͽ۵
컹ʯᣬΪԼ۹ĶԾҪʮӲܽۻܡ
ڸųҵĻпռϷ硣
һǿļһȻԼĵϱһɱ
뵽ʯ۵ͬʱ־η֮ɫ
ּĸֲηǷǳǳѵõġ
˲뵽ԼǸظֹУܲܳŹһӣ
ʮӶŲ
ֲĸ֣ݵλ
ҪĴУö
ʯʧʱͻȻһ֮
תͷһԭ˾תˡ
ˣоô˾赱ĵʵ
˾ԼױţЩ˼ĻӦ֣ȷվס
Сĵ㡣
˾·һżֵǵıʯһ㣬Ů¡
˾վȺԴóЩԺ
ͬʱһŮҲѹˡ
ֻŮ˾Ӧͬһ;гҡ
СãҪţǾѾȫˡʯῴűŵŮ΢ЦܹѻشĻǣְҵʲôιȥ֮ǰЩ飿
ҡǽǴѧѧۣҽѧУһӸ磬ЦЦȻҵԺһֱӸЦۻԾδ




1725¡ظ
 

˵˶²еĹӸ磬Ӧþۡ
˾ԾĿڵͬѧôһԺҲһңȥһط
ǸӸȥĵطⶰðɣʯѾ˳ľˡ
˾ͷ
ʯ΢˵ۡҲǸӸĻ֪ǽַ֮Щ飿
Ҿ͸оԼ˿һԺ߽һݣȻһֵĵط˾ش𣬡Һ񴩹һγȣһڣ֮Ͳ֪ˡ
Һһ۸͵
ʯԣ΢΢üͷ۰ǣȴûַǵͼѵΪıƣ
˵仰֮󣬿˾һۡ
Ȼ˵ʯỰ壬ʵ˵п˾Ű˾
ҼûʲôǮ۴һ˵
Ļʯȷ۲ΪǮưŮ
۲˾иر𱳾ĸף˵Ϊ˾裬Ϊʲôۣ
ؼֽϡͻȻӶͳһֽ
ղڸ4ķ˶ߵôæֻ췢дֵֽ
ʯӹһֽϵִʲô˼
ʱ˾ͻȻĽеⲻҵ𣿡
ҵҲۼǺ˾ͬʱڡ
ŮĻ˶Ӿˡ
۰һģһŮΪ
Ѿɱ޶֤ʯоӾԻܼ֡
ʯһʱ벻۵ĶΪϽ˾裬ȴ뵽λصʦʦȥ
ԼŮܣ˵ǽʦԸġ
뵽ʦʦϲͷ¶桢׳죬˾ĵײһ˿⡣
Ůıʦץȥ룬ԱȱַҪ¡
ڳ֮˶ֵֽ֪ĺ壬һתͷ˾˵˾ֿưؼλˮһ°ɡ
ԣҵһ㣬лѡ˾Ȼȥһ¥ȴ
һ֮ӹˡ
һĻг֡
ŷԼһʱϵ˾İΣȻѳˡ
ʱصһ¥ֻ֣ûпȴûиоԾֻ˵ǰһ衣
ֵܣղȥˣĵʵ
ȥһ˲
ƽȻĻشûκ˵ģ˼ܵʯᡣ
˶һ޹ؽҪ
ǳڼ
ͻȻ֮䣬˾һͻȻǸﱻ۽ѹһΣ
˾С㣬˵һ㣡ʯȲʵ
˾һ뵽ڸ4㷿﷢飬ͷʹѣֻоʱһжǻ󡢶ξ
һϤȴֺİ˴뷿䣬ͼȥȻͰ˴򶷣Լֻ˯˹ȥ
˾϶˵λ֮ʯüͷ
ƶϣǸͼȳ˾ˣӦþɱ۵ظ֡
ǸΪʲôҪӪ˾
ʯ᲻һ㡣
ѹɻʯῴӡ
ʯ˵˾ӿڵŮֽŮλС֣鷳㿴һ£ۻʦʦץŮʲôͼ
ҿ
ӰֽӹһȻ֣硢ϡ
˻
ͻȻһ
˶ʱ
ô˵˾һ˿ʵ
ҡҡͷǸ˵˼˾ʱʲôΣ벻ͨʦץŮλСʲô
⡭˾΢΢һ㵡
û뵽Էˮռʮ־ͨӣȻҲȫȻʱ
ӶʯֻſԼˡ
ֻ졢˾趼ף۰ܰɱԲô򵥣бȻž˵ࡣ
࣬ͽʦԼǸظ֣ȫϢϢء
ʯᡢ˾ӵģȻǸظ֡
˶Ϊظǲǵһǿ
˭Ҳ֪ظֵͼʲôǵѡ
ظֵݵλԲСļ𣬲öظ֡
ʯܹĵĴӵã˾Ů˾嫻ȥ
˾ϳ֮ǰ˳һۡ




1726¡ŭ
 

˾Ի񣬳ȷλСʱ벻ʱ۽ֵ
ܻ֢Ӱ죬˾ʱڶ̫ļ䡣
㣬˾ҪһϲԼԲѹ
ʱ˾ҲѾҪˡ
ֵܣҲȥɣ˾ô˹ŮӦòٳ¡ĳļ˵
ţû¾ͺáͷߵ·мƳ̳
ҹкܶߡ
ʯһҲһ
˶˼ȫ飬ͼҳǷ©ϸڡ
ǸӰȥ١ɱ۵ظ֣˼һĵ㡣
ζ벻Ǹظ־˯̵ĳ

ص˾裬˿鷿˫İϣһʹı顣
˾Ѿ˾ɵѶˡ
ͻȻŶӵجģΪһλף˾ܲʹ飿
Ȼ˾һֱ棬ֵɵ͵ĵزѡȥӵ
˾軹Ǻ۰Ķӡ
ȶ󣬾Ͱŵҵϡ
ڽɽˣûˣıĪڴˡ
վһԣͷ֣ĬȻ
ʱʺչϵֻбˡ
˾ĸڷﱧһޣ˾鷿ʹļףΪӵ
˾վһۣɥӵıʹҲڼʱڣӲ
嫣־κй
־κˣ嫵λ࣬˾ĵ۰򣬶Ϊ˾º͡
˾޵˫ۣ嫱Ų³ʲô
常ڻȷүɣ˵ⷸ֯үʬ壬Ȼûۿүʬ壬ܶү
˾̧ͷ嫡
Ҳϣ˵˾û
ԸĿԣ΢΢
˾ûⷸ֯ߣյĽ϶Ҳ·һ
嫣ǵж׼ȷҶӵսѣݣ϶ҶҪģΪɸ𣬶ȫǸⷸ֯˾ⷬҧг˵ġ
Ȼѹס˱ʹȫռͷԣ
òĿЦ
Ȼµһ˾㲻ϧһдΪӸ
常Ǹⷸ֯үڵĲӶûܽǾȫҲκβ˶ԷԼԪˡ
οС̶챻ΣǻûĸɱֵĻҲ֪ΪʲôС㣬ЩǼ˼а
СȰ棬û˾ı⡣
λɫҡͷûʲôΪҶӱҪ绰ɡ
ǡջǲΥ˾
ҹʱ֣־κȻٶȸϵ˾ı
λһմģһƵ˾ƾ֡
嫵ļ˵־Ͷκһͬ˱飬˾ڰ˳䡣
־κʱǱˣӽʼҪȫԸɱҶӵľⷸ֯ҲǻǮˣҪǸ֯λҳʱһԴ˽Ǹ֯ΪҶӸ𣡡˾鰸Աʾľġ
⻰һ⵽־Ͷκķԡ
־Ȱ˾ү嶯ҪǰȫֵȥԸǸ֯ô죿
ǰ־˵öԣٿһ¡κ͵
˵ƴʱԲҪڹŵӣﻹȥ
οǸⷸӻƴǾһĽ
ûʲôÿǵģǡ˾ú
־Ͷκܾûмǵϴ󣬶¶ֱˡ
˶һ֮󣬾ӲͷƤΥ
˾үǻϣٿһ£ôǾȲϢˡ
ǡߣǾȻȥɡ˾Ŀ־Ͷκһۣûз
־ͶκĵͷȻ˳ȥ
һԿðҡͷ
ǰ常óģȴΪ˶֮¸ɽĸܣǻ
嫣Ҳȥɡ˾˰֣һ·˼ʮꡣ
ǣ常Ϣ˳鷿
鷿˾裬ʼ˼
ûб޳׳ͷԡ
ΪӸ־ڱеģڴ֮ǰҪȷ˵Ƿʵ
Ա壬ͳһٷ

ڶһ磬㰴չ涨ʱ䵽Уſվڡ
Ȼȫûվڵ˼
Ļ顣
ҳʦ
õľ˾
Ҳɡ
˾۰ܣ˾ûɲȥ۱Ľʦ
ʦͽܱɱڲ֪׵£ʦҲܿ˾ˡ
ţͻȻӦУſڽ֡
ҲӦˣһͬȥֻһưߡ
һƤڡ׳˶ͷͻ𣬺һֻκɡ
һУţһڱע⡣
ţͻȻһݣӦֵı󣬻ԶԶĸһˡ




1727¡ٻ
 

ӦǸˣУſڽȺ֮УΣһڸжûС
ǳȴƾ衰˸ӦĸоǸ˵Ĵڡ
ȻҲֻһ˸Ӧõ
ǿ죬һǿüĸ֡
ߺ׳˶ںһߵǰһͬ¶ЦЦı顣
Ǵѧյıӣвٻ͵ϵ˽ӴԵϵĴٶ˽⡣
ҳһͻȻɴ˫ۣԾĽг⡢ⲻ۰Ͷֵµǿߺͽ𣿡
ǣСҲ
һʱ֮䣬ڳıȫˡ
ǻеϵѧУѰ£ǾлչһԼ֡
ϾǰϣְҵɱִҽԺͼ˾ȫû֣˵æ
Щһ𣬱ѧУ쵼ݺݵһ١
ڶ컹ᣬ
ѧУҲǶǷͰɲ¡
ЩյıѪյͣжˡ
ر롰ѱһ
ǵĸߡУſڣЩȴѡˡ
ûһ˸ȥæ
ΪЩ˵ߺͽյĺպ
һֻץס˵ĸ첲ܰһ첲Ťϣ
߾͸ӱ̬ˣսʽбᣬϲĥˣÿһжʹĲλһ㶼ء
֪ж˶ߵֶκ֮ǣֱգȴȻûһܳɹ
ⲻΪаͶɽΪʵӲ
ߡţûһվߣ˳
ԭվУģ߽֮յ˹ȫѰͶֵһ¡
ӹ֮ɫ
СıСͣ˻ûúһ㡣
ͽҪ죬߲˳ĳˡ
վ΢ЦֵܣȻûˣĻ㻹վԶһȽϰȫҲöԸʱ޷չ˵㡣
ǺǣûϵǷǳɵĻӦ
ȫ֪ӣСֻͬʱְӵٻ
СԣҲóǺٻ
СǿֶôãŸߺͽǰװơ
Ŀ˳һۺ߶쿪ˣ죬ҾעֵˣүͰүύһȥȾƣΣ
ҿɲύ߰ɡҡҡͷɴľܾ
߶ʱɫһ͡
û뵽̧үͰүţȻһӶ
һǰֱ˲һСʲôӺðڵģ
ֱӳͰͶĹݲñ˶ͰͶ
ۿ˫һԲϣҪ򣬳ͻȻڰ֣һȰܵЦǶ𼤶첻ȥǿȥҵͦʶʶһģ˾˭ţ
㣿߲֪÷ŭǸüЦ
δ˲֪ߵغļһ
ȺϷıҲǲЦ
ǿǵʣǿ϶ﲻסЦ
ߣСӾӵǸˣͳʵ
գ˵
߶ʱˣһҪӵˣû뵽ֵܾȻڴ֮ͥ£¸˵
ǴȥĻ˶֪һСӸӣ֮Ͳŷɥˡ
ֻǲССӵĵһָͷ̵
߶ִЩεӣһЦҵͬ⣬Сӱ̫ˡ
˵ĶԻȴһζ
쵨ϸһ¾е쳣֮
˵ģԼӣǱˡ
ΪʲôҪţ
ѵߴˣСߵĸѨλ
첻ҽѨλΪ˽⣬֪кüѨλػĻᵼ֢״֧ѨϾѨѨ
Ȼѣûй໳ɡ
ΪУʵͰֻһˡ
ߵѨλӣ϶ᱻĥúܲҡ
Сӣ㻹үүȾƣǸʸԼվȥɣߺļ
ڼɵʵԳ֣ȹ񫡣




1728¡Ա
 

ȷʵûʸ񡣡ЦЦ˵ûʸ񡣡
Сӣ˵ʲôյɫһȫˡ
ŵΧ·Ĵѧ׷ƵС
ҲǱͻȻ֮䱬ŵùǺ
ԽǿֲǾһֻС򵥡
ȻҵŽյֱ죡
ۼʱҪ֣̤ǰһֻסȻ˵ңͶֵ̬ȣ
СӶүǾ͸죬ǸˣûǱҪ֪ڲڲڽǣͬӦ
ԣȻһЦߵܿɫ
ֵ˵öԣûʸңҲûʸֵܺȾƣλͻȥɣ
һ䣬ɢһǿߺͽĲɵ֮С
Ӳ߳ˣȷʵǿ
ľٶ۷˺һڱԼΧ۵Ĵѧ
ʵ̫ˣ
ֻһСֱǱ֮
۳ղ˵֪ôŭߺͽգȴֻҶ󣬼ֱ˵㣡
죬ү㣬ǿ㣬㾴ƲԳԷƣǾҪúÿһ²ĺߵԽԽ䡣
ܾ׼Գ˸һ֮⣬һ֡
Ǹں֪Լʵ죬Ҳǵʮ㡣
ʲôƾܴӮôƽʱͳһ͵żſһء
Ϊ˾ǸӲʱӲ
ϲֵܳͷ뿪Ӻļįֵȴʱ޷Ǽ棬˺ͳʶύֿƷ˼֮󣬱ѳֵܡ
죬Һͽ֣ûȻ㶼ŻˣǾһھˡ
ͽճڽǴѧУſڣһжͶ⡣
ܴӮ죬ò
ܣбλΪƣҲ˵Ƕڲ֮ء
˿һ㡣תͷԳһ䣬΢״̬׼ӭߺͽյս
ȻûаߺͽյɾУΪֱһֱһԣսӵˣսӵˡ
˿ˣȺվһ
ԸߺͽգֻҪ΢һ¾ܴӮ
вǸڸĸ֡
Ȼġ˸ӦֻǳƿأҲܴжϳǸֵʵܿһġ
Ǹּսţ޷սʤ֡
ۿ־ҪսϷıʹѧֽ˷ܡ
վһȺȫ¶ı顣
ǴĵƲղŵΪ
Լŭ˵ϵĸ֣ȴҪͷ򵥡
һ²ؼ߸߹ӣƤʵ̫ˣ
һҲЩôġ
ֻɫ糣Ŀ졣
ֹУ˵ʹߺͽնһۣǳĬĳ֣
ǿɲΪһֶԸǺܶ顣
Ϊʵ̫ǿˣ֪ʤҲߡ
磬սһţۻҡ
ǿѡӲӲÿһȭɽס
óУķǹȥֻΪ޷סĹƣߵĹҲʧȥ˰˾ų
ֹв̶һʱ䣬պȻ¶ࡣ
ΧĴѧ׷׹
֮ǰЩѧͬѧֶôһ˴ְҵɱ֣ǻ̫ţ͵¡
ȫչֳ𺳵ˡ
֮ǰ컹һ㲻ıǣ˿̸ķڷ
ۼߺͽվҪ򵹣һ˸߹һˡ
߱ȭȫӲֻʮǱ
ô˿ԼǱӣ̲סˣּŭĴеְɣ
仰һгֻоΧһ󾢷硣
УſڵȺ󾢷ƵòȥʮѧƵõء
Ӧ󾢷ǳԼģǼ˫ͫâ״
ľˣ
ǧһʱֻ̣ܷȭǰ
أ
ͻȻϮǿжƴһȭ¶һŵɫ
ȫ˶ȭδܵ
˽һȭԷʵ֮£
ѧǣҲû뵽ԱһʱȫĿɿڴ
ΨгȻɫƽ
ǸȺеĸͻȻ֣Ԥ֮ڡ
ǸֶƴԱ񣬵ûˣҲԤ֮ڡ
˵ûа쵲סһȭ
ô㣿˵֮иŨŨ֮ɫ




1729¡
 

죬ɣĺһߴһͷҰ糤üǴһҶ˿ȥͬһͷҰޣ弡̺űըԵ
һڳ˶˵
ʹѧǣѾǳǳǿˡ
ȴͻȻֵĸѹ˰ͷ
ߺͽռһȭ죬һȻߵǰʺһ䡣
ֻǿߺͽһۣ˵Ȼ˼ȸ߰Ҷ߽յʵܲм
ߡȻĺܲˬƨҷš
һνʶʱ˶ܲͺдһ
˱׾ٵĴܡ
ߺͽնҲ
֣ʶֶΡ߹ʾ
ž
ͻȻһƣȫ֪ô¡
Һսɣֵõϻô
˻һ߸ŭԵͬʱĺͽһԾ
֮ǰ֪Ȼʶ
ֻ߳Ŀԡ
˿̣ʮָӣ·һЩĥļ䡣
Ͼ棬ͻȻ飬ΪȴڽǣŪ⸱ӣ
ΪЧֱҲŻĵ
Щǲġ
ˣֱҲԼúϵĻ졣
һЩϲͻåȺţʵһּ⡣
ϾȴԼˡ
޷⡣
ԼŪ߳ȥ棬󲿷˶ὫɻϵģԶ֮
ȻյսѺߡ˻һ첻òϾѾʵ
ʲô⸱ӣϾϷʵЦ죬Ϊÿ֮Ҫ壬Ųһӵڲܹˣ󲻵Գִܱеɹͣʲôã
Ͼ棬㡭ǲǻкܴóսѻ̺źܴԹ
˵أ
Ͼ治Ц
ڻľв˫Զѹһͷ
ÿ˵˿СǴʱ֪жôĲˬ𣿡
ֻսǿЦѣϾ棬ԼҪȥİʮΡ
ЦƨϾÿһ仰̺ŨŨԹС˵ڲﶼˣ滹Ϊǿʹ㣬ʵҵ
Ͼ棬ͻƾҲ£ԸŭִϲУԴΪأҳ˴ϲԹսѣΣЩ㲻濴صԭ򡣡ɫȻԶӳѵϾ棬ҵ꣬սѣû˱Ҹ˽ȱ㣬ұΪܹ²£û뵽ȴ·̫ʧˡ
ǺǣԼҲˣöӳ˵ңǿЦ
Ͼ˵ţһЦ
ҲãӣӦ磬죬ֵ㳤ѵˣ
ҪҶ֣е㲻š
Ͼ浱սѣǷĵİϾ浱ֵܡ
ֻڲʱȰϾʼձơ
Ͼѡ飬ǼΪЧǷǳźġ
ٴط꣬Ͼ澹Ѷ˹Ҫ֣ӳʮʹ
죬һ꣬书δķϣһ˶û˿ʤ㣡Ͼ滰˼ȻҪߡ֡
²е죬Χ˶òš
ǱΪϾǺͬĴ֣Ӧùĺ쵥Ŷԡ
ϾȴȫʲôأԶ١
첻֪ÿ޻Ц
վǸоɽѹ
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ĻֻǵȻһЦ죬һˣӮġ
챻仰˵΢΢һ
ͻȻЦΪĻʵòˣ
ҲǣڳôˣֻԼ֪Ͼ桢ߺͽ֣жôֲ
óӮֻǱ֮ǰı۷ˡ
컹Ȱ뿪ʱϾȴٸ᣺ߣֶͬսҷ죬˲̫ˣ
һ䣬ϾһƶȻɱ˲ַԲʮףŵñʹѧ岻Ĳ
ͷҪסϾɽȭƣһ̣סˣڳ˫۾סˡ
ֻǰһ뻹һͷҰ޵Ͼ棬һȴһ˿ʮ·ʲôʮֲֿĶ
ô£
δϾ溦³⸱ӡ




1730¡һ
 

Ͼ潫ȫעһȭ֮ϣһоռȻһ
ʵڲ֮ĸֶսһȣǱȡ
ߺͽ󣬴ԽãԽһгԿҲûз̵Ļˡ
Ͼȴ·һ㣬ŵòȥ
ֱײΧ۵Ĵѧǣͣ˫۴ſ־޷ŵ飬
ôˣ߼ʵͽѹġȻ³ʮֵĲ⡣
Ҳǣ˿Ͼ棬ֿ˿죬ȻʵҲǿڻû֣ͰϾˡ
Σⶼ˵ͨġ
Ͼû˵ûӸղŵлع
Լ൱սɫףеɻڳ˵ġ
ҲЩսıʹѧǣΪղʹʲôǿʽϾ档
ղֻǲִٳ֣ӭϾͻȻѡ
Ҿ׼ȫӣʩչǿȭУҲܰϾų
˶һ±ƣֶûôһ£ֻϾԼ֪޾־ԴͷǸƽƽˡ
˿̣ϾĻ̿սͬʱһڻ죺ܡܡϣô˹ƾƾǿ󣿡
ղȭʱվĳֻǵĿϾһۣһŵϾˡ亹죡
ǳ֮ΨһһƱ
֮ǰѧУҽԺԸְҵɱ֡ھưСһȭԼһսûзȫЩҲȫ
һΣİֵܣԼվǰߣ·ӲϾȭУղʲôôĺǱϾһֱѹƣտ϶ܡ
Գˡ
ƾбǿԾõ겿кպġϾ棬ֵûС
˿Ͼֻһ뷨Ǿӣ
һ棬˵أӵԽԽã
겿ѵӦ챳Ǹˣһоأ
Ͼ֮Իվԭأû룬Ϊ־ͬʱһ˿ɡ
һֱԼһǸֻǵ֣Ҫһӵʱ䡣
ıȻܺãûһ˿׸⣬Ƥϸ⻬Ǹûһر֮һҲմߡ
һˣΪʲôܰŵ
ˣϾ治òɡ
֪Щ˲ѧȴĳЩ̼˾Ի۾
ڵһЩɮʵз֮Щɮڷ֮ڲ޺ʨ˫һɣעӣһ־壬ΪԼƽʱֶ¶ûڡ
Ͼʧݵǣ޷жϳǱǿεľֻ֣ĳ־
ֱǰߵĿԸ
ֻǰճһ컹ˣôԶǿĻĲӡ˫
£Īڴˡ
Ͼп־֮ɫδȥϸһֱã˶ΪǲͻȻ񾭲ˡ
Ͼ棬㱻˭ŵˣǣﻹǿĸ֣һ仰ֱָҪ
˿ȴϾ϶ܵĳֵ塣
ֻ쿴Ͼ񲻶Ծȴζ벻Ͼ濴Ĳĳ
쿴һ㣬Ҳ򲻿ܻɵϡ
죬ǺߵﶼйϾͻȻԳʽ˵һû䣬ҵţ
һ䣬ת첽߳ȺҲƵ뿪˽Ǵѧ
Χ۵ȺȻĿɿڴ״̬
ôֻûŵˣ
ߺͽԭأǳΡ
ۼϾûлĿԣߺͽҲҼţֻܸϾ뿪
ܶŰͶޱȣû뵽ȴͻȻ˳ɹǸϾı֣˶ǰ˼⡣
һս죬ûһĸо
Ͼ˵ߵﶼйʱеɻﵽߵ㡣
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죬̫ţˣû־֣Ժǽǵһ˰
ûԺˣ磡
ղûǸ˵ڲŽҿǸϾû½ʲôű
ǶƨΧĴѧҲǷ׷¶֮ɫ
ȴûһ㿪ĵĸо
ԸʵϣԼսͣԼ




1731¡
 

λʵղϾģҡ
ʲô
˵һ
ȻǱЦ
磬̫ǫˣ
һ֣˭Ǹ
ǣղϾ͵ϮٶȣɰǸɵˣϾôڲӶȲ飬ʵ϶
ҡҡͷ
Ͼʵû˱
ղϾƴһȭʵǲꡣ
ȵǿˡ
ŻΪ򲻹Ͼߡյ֡
һڱΪǫ飬Χ
ֻСһˣĶס
ͳ˸СĳһֱһѵһΡ
۳ʲôųһһ
ղųϾǸ񣬾ͱСԲ׽ˡ
һ̣СԱ˻Ҫ𾪵öࡣ
֮Ծ棬ΪϾǰһ绢һ繷
С𾪣Ϊţְ˫ǳ³񹤵ˣܹչ¶ġ
ҪϾǸƥ䣬ҲȫŵŵĴ
ϵĶ֡
ЩһսϹ
ʵ̫ˡ
С޷Щ߳ƵĴ뵽һ

ֻݡ
ʱתֻǺ֮ǰһվԭأҪ˵Ҳ̫ˣҪ˵һ֪£־Сֵܲëˡ
ղûк£Ҳûܣʵ΢Ц˵ղǵѡ񣬻ȥ˾裬ҽԺ˾ϣ˾϶ӻ㡣
ǺǣôǿӻҾˣ˾ֵôĸ֣ͬ΢ЦӦ
ò˵ָǿõڻ
һ˵Ľ㶼ۼϣȻȻС͸
Ϊ̫ˣǿ˵ʶβסġ
ղһϾ棬ڳô˻Ϊܵģ˷ֶΡ
СԶһģҲ޹شš
Ļһڣ췢ĵĸˡ
ڲսĶӳ
ڳҲǶȱǵĴҪ˵öࡣ
һˬˣսͱȣĸ࣬˵ǽǵһ֣ǽǵһʺ˰

ǴЦĶԳĽҪ
ЦʲôЦ
ͻȻ˴ȣŵȺϽ͡
ˡ
ֻ˫߹ɨһǸӲ
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µĿǰͶְһһģ˵ǰսѣͳƺأһæǸղ˵ԭ
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仰һûĸٽӻ
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ĿתϵЦеˣ㣿롭ôãǱСǰɡ
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˵Ц
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ʵǷƣƷ׻
ҽԺԸְҵɱֲ˵㵱ʱ֣Ҳʰĸְҵɱ֡
ûг֣ʯԻᱻ֮תȲ˾ֶܹܿá
ûһϾ棬϶ҪϾ桢ߡִܣ³̫ࡣ
ȻƣǺٻ
챾һͷͻӲ飬ʵͻɽ
ǵϵͻȴϵ
ǳ̲ȴҲһЩССϺܹϷˣģ
֮˵ǻ
ЦǼ֮ҪôһصԼĸλ
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Ҫġ
ֻһM76LiʻǴѧУţУͣ
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ͺ֮󣬱ѽ˻
M76LiٶĺһǮ˼Ҷ
ڽ￪ּģĸͷ




1732¡˾
 

ˣһ˽ΪᣬʮңòãȣʽװȥһλΪĳɹʿ
һʮ꣬ɫ鸡Ϲ۴ſɵзҲβסһܾɫ۵ˡ
³󣬾ֱ߹
˵֪Ǹװˣ˾嫡
һܺһ˾ֵµλҲ͡
Ϻá߹òʺ
λǽŵĹɶκҺͶκҶλ常УΪλȻСĶ飬常ϯλȾƣΪлϣͳ
û뵽¸죬˾Ҳˡ
ڽǵĵλֿȣ
ڳȻҲ˾󣬵Ƕ˾˶ѡ
˾費ܵ죬ȥ϶Ҫ˵л
˵꣬쿼ҪҪӦ
˾ߵֱ̫뱣սѵļˡ
ȴǰͲ˾˾һ½ʦϢ
˳ԥĿڴӦǾȴ֮ˡ
СӣģΪ˰κͻȻмĳ˳һ䡣
仰嫶УüͷΪ֪һ¡
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Ͼκô˾оֻбȥȾƣѾܶûˡ
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Ҷκ˾һ۰־һϣ˼ǵһ
·ϣκ΢ź־ͨ˾ֻ쵱֣ǲԡ
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ڶκһŻ죬ȴ˵֪ôĻλеȻʮֲˬ
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죬˾үصĸ֣ͻСèУˮƽԶûһôκڳϽ̬ѵ죬ͬʱһαͳ
ĽԺǵˣʱȰʾ˭˭ģԺ͵õһͷ
Ƕκλȴŭˡ
ۼҪ洵æԲθһֱڿ죬λǧҪ⣬常ĳǵģϯڽߵ¥λϳǹȥɣ
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ּĸ߰嫵ǼֲˣֻǶκԽԽˬ
ͨӾϵĳڱĿ񣬶κΪʲô˾үҪСɫԷ
Լͳһú֣ܶ˾һСɫԷȥĻһʱҪǱߵ˵Ц
ͶߡЩһԻݺݳЦһ
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ŷǰһΪֻĻ
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һ΢㡱Ů˷嫵ģ嫣ˣϵط
һͨˣǳΪֻһͨͨ΢š
ȴ˿΢ţóһ˿Ȥ
õֻϢ󣬽΢ʾϢĳɲʾϢݣȻŽֻŻȥ
յڶ΢ϢسͿˣֻܲ²⻹ǸС㡱Ů˷ġ
嫻ûлظ
嫵ֻ
ʾ΢ϵ㣬ǱעĸYan
˴绰𣿡κúܲͷ
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ûȵ绰˿ڣ˵æϵ
绰Ҷˣ··
κʵ嫣㽻Ůˣ
ǣֻһѡӦһ䣬Բ˵̫
κҲ׷ʣͳһ˿֮·̵ȼƵɡ
ʮӺ¥ˡ
ó춼ǣ˾УȻվھ¥ӭӡ
κ״̶鲻ȥˣݺݵĽͷȥҺ־û




1733¡ûûС
 

վ˾һӭ졢־ͳĶκһ뷨
˶ԼϴӴé®˵ķʽδ̫¡ˡ
˾ʿҲΪʲôҵܹôһҪԭ
³˾躬Ц죬ˣɣϯѾΪǰںˡ
ֻ΢΢ͷǳȥ
ڳľٶ˾ҲΪ⣬صдֻһ
ֻǸ塢ԸֵͬʹˣԲҲѳ
¥֮󣬳˾ھϯԣСҲˡ
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飬ԺһֱиģӰ֮ȥӰˡ
˾ԼԼоǰĳԺǸӰͬһˡ
Ǹǡ
ϾＸǷǳġ
ԼĹ˵ŵö㵽ˣϲôʱ䲻
˾ĵʵеƲСµԸ
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οҽԺаһѣҲǿһΡ
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һ˾裬Ƕκ־˾嫡
λ磬˾ĳȾһ˾ƱЦ
˾ˡ
΢΢ףȻͳһƱľһ
֮˾ʮָм˵ȱлλ㣬ְҵɱоŮҲΪܲݶ飬˾
˾Ȼ֪ͼ֮ˣССҪ󡣡
˾Ÿ˵һ׻һҲ˵Լ⡣
⻰һڣ쵹ûʲô嫡־Ͷκˣʵ̫ûûСˡ
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Ȼ˾ǰ˵ûûСҪء
ڳĲ˾裬嫡־Ͷκɣ϶ᱻӳ¥
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˾˵۰򣬶֪Ҫֱˡ
˾ڰ˳䣬һ£Ҳҹ˼ǣ¾״ɣǸⷸ֯ʵ²˾ܹԸġ֣ص˵
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˾ĿͻȻðԵ۵׻һ
ҾͲŶȫҶӵĳ𶼱ˣ
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˾Ҳǳ
ֻǾֲĵ죬Ϊ˽ⷸ֯ʵжǿֶжпѪȡ
˾µĵ۰㣬ø4ͨı־ܿó
ڶκ־λͲ꣬θӻƴ
˾򵥷һҪʱκˣ˾үҲֵܣүĸ֯ΪβӲ֪Ҫһ˽˵ˡ޷⡣
仰˵־Ͷκ
ʵ˾˾ҲףΪʲôû֪ͨ˾ɵѶ
ȫϹƶȵġ
ȫĿͶ죬ô͡
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ϢһƬհס
ڳûʲô쳣ΪǿҪȺܻʮͨ˶ƥϡ
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ڼ˫ͽαһͨݣ˾Ҳʱٻɡ
Ͳһˡ
ǿˣȺȻѲκϢҲ˵˵ݺܱܿұܡ
Ļ˵Լ˾ͬһӳʵпŶȡ




1734¡ƻ
 

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һӦܵزŶԣΪ۷뿪ӣ
ǲΪʲôûи֪˾ɵѶ
ܲӱܹôϸҲӦֵزΪ̫ˡ
˾֪뿪Ӻӱ֯ɱɵ֮ʲô
ܵÿ˵Ŀ⣬ȴƽĻش˾û֪ͨǵԭʵܼ򵥣Ǵ㽫ɵ֪ͨǣøһ
κ̫Ըš
־͸˵ˡ
˶Ͻô붼˾ӵɵء
Ҳֵǻɡ
Ҳ˵ڲҳǸ֯𣿡˾ţвӳ֣ñ
Ͼ͹ٷȫȵġ
ͷҾÿսʿ屻裬ɵ
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Ǿ͸˾ֻ˾赱ʱ뱯ʹߺ޵֮У޷ͨ
־ٶǶ˾ѣҲǶɡ
˾˲ҡ΢뿪ӣǴ㵥жһΪɱǣҲǿǵ֯п㻹Ů֪ңûҪˣ˵ʵʵҲµλʶֵܳپƾͺȵɡ
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Ҳֻˡ
˾ͬ顣
嫡־ͶκǶһʽֳǸ֯ٺϢ
һ룿־Ͷκһһ롣
ҪǵһãǻҪһʽͷϸ⡣
ô𣿡˾һԶеϡ




1735¡Ҫ
 

־ʱпࣺ˾үһʽô׳óôǮֻΪ鷸֯ǵĲҵ˵˽ǣҲ˵ˣҵ֯ļʷǳͣʲô鲻ǿɾ͵òʧ˰
־˵öԣ˾ү٣ǻأǸ˵ɱ˵ĽʦܻΪͽ֮Ǩŭͷϣǧǳ룡κŸ͵Ȼ嫣嫣ҲͬҺ־Ŀɣ
ҡû̻Ӧ
˾ĵľʱҲóһʽȷʵ̫ˣŶ˶˽ǡ
˾ɫ־κ֪۴Ǯ˵˭ͷ½ɽ˭Ǵ޵УǹңӣҪǳһʽͲˣ
˾үǲ⣬ղǲǸ𣿡־ӲͷƤ
˾һʲôʱôηηˣ֮һ֮ڣǺ嫱밴Ҫʽ𣬶Է֯չ飡
ǣ־Ͷκֻܲ鲻ԸĴӦ
Ȼ˰һۣһĿ϶ҲԸôǮȴûкվһ飬ӵһöûС
ȷƻ˾룬ֿ죺ʱϣܺŮһ
Ȼû⡣֮ԴӦ磬Ϊս۰á
˾ıһʱ䡣
ʱֿˣ˾ҿԺһŮıΨһҪ󡣡
ֱ˾齹ʦϢ
ϸ룬˾ȫĶͶΪӸļƻϣȥǽʦ
һǣڳĳ˾Ͻһһ
ֱ˵֪ʦϢô˶ģ졣
˳ѡһеķʽ
ʦͽ۰˾һŮۣ˵ŮԽʦǳҪ
ʧܣʦܻܿ˽еڶΰܣʦԼ֡
ԳҪ˾ıڣ˾ʦ
һŮۣȻҲע
ֻֻܽ˾ص㱣󣬱Ͼʦ˾ĿԸ
۰ܰûƣ϶ᱣһʱ䡣
ǳ仰һڣ˶Ц
κͶԳܲˬôһ˵ļСӣֻմĹԷΪԼʸܵСıˣ
˾˵ҪҶģҪһ㶼֡ƮƮһ仰˻ȥ
κҪŭȴ˵˾ϣܴӦֵܵҪ󣬸һõĴͲڽǴѧˡ
û⡣˾ˬĴӦ
Ϊ˺촦ùϵһˣ˵ûκüֵ
ֻ˾ӦҪöκɫÿԹԵĺƾơ
һСʱϯ
˾嫿ͳȥʰһžͿ԰˾ұ˾
¥Ҫ嫵ıȥʱ˽ǵһʯᣬ
ʯߵǰǿһۣȻŶ˵ܲܽһ˵
ڰʾϣ̸ݱ
ʯɫ࣬Ӧˡ
ʶȤߵһ߳
һ𣬺ʯƵǽһ
ǵҪرܣʯῪżɽ˵һȥһ£˾۶ǽǴѧѧҰǵ֣ڽǴѧҳһģһѧǾص㱣Щѧ
ʯ٣ºܽΪʲôе㲻ʵ
ʯ͵ǵ۵ĻָʹʦٴΰЩѧ˾⣬Ҫصעָǿֺ˾ύ˾࿴ŵ㣬Ҳ֪˾Һڰײ
ԭˡ¶Ȼ֮ɫ֤ʯ٣İɣ˾սѵãƾϵҾԻᱣ
Ǿ鷳ˡ
ʯ˵ţĿϿȥ
첻ͬͨˣûǱ˻ˮǾҲñ֤İȫ
˼ѾΪ˾ıˣʯӦòҶݴԽĹɣЦЦ
⻰һʯļ̲סЦ
ţ˾ȻŮıڣ
˵ǣ㲻˾ıڵɺò°ɣûʵһСĿҪСģ˾ٶǮҲܰһбЦ
Ͳˡ
һ벻ηӣʯᰵҡͷ
һۣͨ˳㱣ͷඪС
̸ʯˣصƵſڡ
ֻڴ绰߹ɫʱе㲻Ȼֻ΢ǿ΢ЦΡ




1736¡
 

嫵ɫ²пںǸͨ
ϳ֮ǰ΢ţӦþ嫵ˡ
ֻǸ˴绰ûҪܻʲôԳΪʲôǻ¶ε΢Ц
ôģҲ̫ں
嫴绰һ嫵ĳǴѧȥ
͵Уſ֮嫴Ǹ˵λܲ˼е飬ǳҽ˸¹ȥ常ңϣλҪ⡣
ûϵµ֮ҵ绰ɡ첢ô⡣
л½⣬ˡ嫱ʾл뿪Уš
ͳУȥ˻վڵıǸϽк΢΢ͷ⣬ȻǹԳ˵²¿嫽ȥ˭
ôͻȻʣҿɲ²嫽Ҫ˭˼ǴӦҲǴɡû뵽⡣
ԭΪûע⵽嫵״Ȼˡ
ǺǣҲһ˾衢־Ͷκ֪Ҫˡ카ŵЦ˵
Ϊʵôģ
δ绰öκԷΪ˾ӣ־ٶұҲӦĲ²⡣ЦЦȻĳļ򣬡嫵ΪȤĻٹ۲һ£Ȼȥʰɡ
ͷ쿴ƺʵϸԼˣ˵ᱻʲô
㱻ҲûʲôϾһе֪αװҲܶ֡
˻رʰʱһСҹ顱Сưɡ
Сưɲõ÷ǳиʺĻᡣ
ͣóɨһܣûʲô˸֮󣬱·װưȥ
嫾ֱһ
һԸ欵ŮˣȻѾʮ꣬ǱúܺãҸŮûеķϣܶ˾ͳһף嫡
ֻ嫿Ů֮ƺ̫ġ
Ů˶λŮҪΪƣȴֹ
ô鲻𣿡Ůƽʵ
һָӵĿǿڵ˵ϴһμΪʲôϵң
ڲǳ𣿡ŮЦӯӯĵÿһϸ΢仯̺Ŷʺ
嫿ЦޣŮˣ˾ӣ֪֮ûδġ
˾µˡ־߶κһһ
Ǿ벻˾ӾȻ谮ŮĻᡣ
ûΪ޵Ůˣ
ܹ֮˾迹ⲻ·磬һĹҪڹޡ
˾¸ʵӾѹסһͷ
ǿ޳ıߣ˾趷Ƕ£˽֪ѩֻǴӲ¶棬֪ݡ
嫺͹ʶ˵һ֡ɺϡ
һʼ嫲ʶޣֻΪͨݰɵļįŮ
ʮ껹ھư˵ûн顣
εŮҪʱ򣬴ӹ޵Ըдܿó
嫾ͺһڣһأûȣһҹ鷢չɹ̶ѡ
嫱˾ĽԸͬʱҲʲôǰ֪֮жٴж鸾úܲҡ
嫰˹޵ı𾪵ķȻŮˣ
ʱѾݽȥˣ¶Ҫ͹Ʋϵ޽һ绰͹ʹϵϵطҹ顱ưɡ
һ̣ķǳûڣʹԼ־ᶨ֪п浽
ûδ˵ĺ촽Цˣ嫣Ҳ쳤ؾãӵУֻҪһʱܿ־ˣѵ㲻𣿡
ҡ嫴һ£֪λش
Ȼӹϵõ˺ܶο֣ȫħջ
гһ֮±ȥ˾軹
ܡ
̣ɱɣһȻĻ˲嫵˼
еƱⱭơ
һСʱ
ҹ顱ưɸĳƵ귿䴲ϣ޿嫵ļָ嫵Ħ
˸ո£ϰԵĵȼһº̳
аԼξһΡ
嫣˵أǰɣʵ
Բüͷ˵ò˫ϴ𣿡
˼Ҿʣô׸޽˵ǸڲﱻǸҲܲء




1737¡Ů˵Ұ
 

ԥ£˳Ź޵ĻȥȷʵǵκһֶҪֻĸ࣬ûһ㱾£ѳֵܣ常Ͷãѳһˡ
ûа㱾£еɻ֮ɫһ
Լ沿ϸվӶ֪Լõʲô顣
һĨɻ֮ɫû嫿
ˣˣһҾͷ˵仰ݺݵĳһ̡
£԰Ŀʵôˣʲô£˵˵ܰ취иŽŮŶ
£ʧٴҲӰ첻㡣һ뵽Ҫһʽȥҳ˵Ǹ֯;÷ꡣ
Ϊ˾Ⱳľ
ķѴܿǸ֯ӰӶҲ
ҾҵˣҲûǸʵͷ֯ӲӲ
ҪЩµŵҵȫ͵
ʱ̳˾λӣʲôã
˵˵ǲ˾ý鷳ˣȻĴ֣ӦֵףŶ԰޼ɫ̽
ͻȻתͷŹ޵۾ӽңǲǾΪһ죿ʵҶԸ˾ǲǣ
嫣˵ֻ̫ˡȻʮ꣬ȻȴʮСŮһѵԸ𣿶ô㣿ֻǼôģΪǶѡ
¶ĶʱһҲӲ
Ů˸жˡ
ǽһһʮĽ̸ȫ˵
֮йâ˸˼Ρ
Ȼͬ˵嫣常ֻһǾǰܹĻҵһݶܵѾ޳ͷԣ˵ʱǺ·ˡ
˵常Ҳ֯һʱͻƻĴҡ
޺ܿ룺嫣һǵˣҲӦгǵ뷨常ûаܹҵǿ϶ҲԪˣʱΣ㶼㣬常ȫ棬ȻĹ־ͶκҲ϶常ܲ˵Ѿģʱܱ˾衣
⡭ܰɣ깬޵ķɳһ־Ͷκ常ʮˣϵĹ常ͬôܻᱳ常
嫣֪Ѳ⡣
ͻȻЦ
˶ű˴ˣʵҺ϶÷ǳԴҵĺܶȥԸɣԡ
ѵ룿ԽԽ𾪡
⻰Ҫ˼
ѶϢĳʵ̫ˣ
ûԼ󣡡һȫһŮӣš
嫣֪Ҳ볤ھþ£˾˶ӣҲһѻҵ㣬ʵһԽԽԸȨǽĲҵܿˡ
Բ֣ҵʱգؽΪǵף
Ҫұ常ˢһ´Ӵ
޵Ļ侪춯أһʱ޷
󣬹Ҳֻ֮ʮˣĲ˵ⲻбѣֻ߾֮ˣ
嫣ӦҰɣ֣Ӧϣ˾һδƴȻ֮
һֻֽץסȫ΢΢
޵ļƻ˷ֺֽ¡
ûܾ֪̾Ϸʮ侲ĸ嫷
ʱ䣬˾ǳʽɱӵķ֯ùĶ룬ҵĹ㣬ڱδƴռݾƣΪԿµĸ־Ǳ˾Ķֻ࣬ǽһǾͳҪṩң˵ϸϡ
㣬롣˿ģ̼ޱ˷ܡ
ҵĻԺǾͲֱ˴ˣްɡ޽忿Դ嫵ļͷϣĵĵȴ
һ֮
ͻȻһĿڵ常ܾˣƾа취ոо֣
嫣ԲűˣһҪҡһгĿǡ
常޳ͷԣԸǵĸײ߷ֻҪǸЩ˴һʱ
ֻ֮ҪӦңҾ͸ǵĵ磡
һ仰ȼܻ棡




1738¡
 

һ˵һܷþ޴ĳɹΪˣҪرǿ֮⣬һµҪأǾǻ
츳вŻΪûеĲ֣չ¶ͷǵĻᶼûУա
ȻҲкܶ˿˻ȴΪһʱԥʧ
ץסת˲ŵĻǳɹߵһŵ㡣
ڣһĻͰ嫵ǰ
֪ԼʱץסĻܻܿһӣ
ԭ嫵뷨ǣ˾ϣܺ;½Ϳ˳¡˾ŵҵ
Ŀǰٵȥˣ
ûг˾֮˾ڶʮ֮ҲܰѴȨϡ
ڻģ뵽Լȵʮ󣬻ôô
˾֮˾嶯äĿĸһȻ˽ǣʱɵӡ
Ҳ˵嫲˾裬³õȥŹ˾ӣ
Թ޵Ļޱȷ֪Լ뼰Ѱ·
ʢǸҴƴʱѰ·ô򵥣
뵽ܽǵĵƿУڲĵ׵ͼ׳־޳׼ˣ
ޣΪ֮Ƿһɣ
¶ģ޵õĹâ
Ҿ֪ûпˣ
ȻӦ֣ôǾļƻɡ
ĸڽٰһһ»̵ֵʢᣬ߶û˸һǵĵ̣˾ÿ궼ȥֻĸȥҫԹȥȻʢ˾衢ɹȥĸ֣ǵʵǵĴ¾ɹһ룡
һһ˵ȫ̼ƻǾ
û뵽ŮˣѾ뵽ôԶˡ
ޣҪ常µĸ֣ûô򵥣ֻʱ䣬Һ뵽ĸְǰ¡Թǵ˵
ԣЦһģ뵽ˣӦ֪ǲеҲ뵽һλ첻µĸ֣һʶǲеϾ棡
첻µĸ֣嫺Ǻ棬νǺε
ûϾڲв˫ǳʹڲȫâһֻɱ졣
һߴ·һ߼˵
ʵϾȥ죬ǱܾʱϾ콻ֻѹɫܲÿ˵ûǰǸгҲǸ֣ҲŻ㣬ʵǲǺǿ
ܰˣ֮ĵʲôˮƽ˵˲㣬ͽǵһʯᶼóһˣѵϾ򶷣߹ʺаһѣ
ʺˣ˵ϸһ㡣üһܸȤʵ
嫽ǰǴѧҽԺ﷢˵˳˵Ѿıһûκο֮
꣬˼˴Լʮ룬ſ˵ز¶Ҳ㡢졢ʯᡢ˾衢־Ͷκǰϲڣ룬ӦϾ콻ʱжʧˣͷ
ޣԷĵİѳųߵĸ˵ţҲվʼӣ˾ܴҪ־κԼֵµһЩ֣ЩֶΪǣҪӵֻһȻ˵Ͼ첻£ʱֻҪϾס죬ǾȲʤȯˡ
ĿǰȷʵмİգȺú׼һ£졢־Ͷκȥμʢᣬʱа취øĸһΧǡ޵һ˿
嫵ͷ˴·ӵȺ뿪Ƶ꣬صԵס

ʰк֮󣬾뿪Ǵѧݵı
ס˾ıѡ˾ڵķ䣬䵱˾ĸ߼ڡ
˾Ů춼鷿һʱҪע顣
Сʱ嫽鷿Ҳ棬⡣
常ûǰɣ
ʲô£ֺʽ𣿡˾嫣Ϊڸƻ顣
ҡҡͷǵģʽûʲô⣬ֻһһȵʢᣬҪ˭ȥμӣ
飬ɸĸȥˣʾҡ˾ʢһҲ⡣
˵Щʲôȴ˾ڵʢٰ죿
С㣬ʢѡ򡣡ɫƽĻشʵȴһ˿Ϊ˾ʢȤˡ
˾룬˾˵֣ҲһֱڼҪȥɣȥɢɢģ˵ǸС԰ⲻ
У˾̷ڳȥ̫Σˡ




1739¡
 

ôΣգ籣ɼڹȥǾûʲôѽ˾˵
Կʣ⼸֪Ѷǳˣ˾ֲȥѧУýֶֻ΢ϸ¿ˮɰƻˡ
Ůô˵˾軹ǲȥ书Ȼܸߣû⣬߻ӣȥܶˣҵЩû㲻ʱһ˲һ˵ù
֣ҸѾûˣͲһΨһŮڼ϶ģʱҿҲˣ˾ɴ
㡭
˾賤̾һĳһ
ʱ嫹Ŀڵ常СִҪȥһᾡһЩֱЩڴµμʢЩӦòҵ
˾һƲֵӣټȷʵ˵е˾뻹ǴӦˡ
ȥɢɢİɣֿȥ˾費ģǰ
仰嫸Ӽˣ̲סȭͷ
ϸ΢Ķͬʱ׽
ͬʱ뵽˾ҪŮȥô
嫽һ˲䣬˾ھܾ֣ҲȥһȥУҪȥĻҪ֣ǵ鷸֯Ͳˡ
㿼ǵúܵǺðɣȫġ˾ڴӦ
Ȼ죺ʢᣬλһҪŮ
˵ͷûʲôʾ
ڳ̬ȣ˾赹ҲûʲôóԻȵģȫָˡ

˾鷿̸ʱ˾ұԼʮ⣬һڿ顣
ΨһһŮӣԼʮ꣬ųŮ˵ζһСʱǰĻĹޡ
ɳϣżˣǳѾģֱǡϾ棬Ͷߡա
⣬ߵĶɳϣһƷǷˣ˲ı۰Ͷ
ڳģҪôĸҪôĸ֡
ĸ֮УߺͽղҶŷϳĹޣֻ΢΢ͷһ֮ɫ
ϾͰͶŹ޵һ˿
رϾ棬ѡΪЧ𵽺ܴá
Ҫ˵飬ֻϣֻ֪޿ڵһ仰ʹǿ
һ½ĸ˵ѹȥ
˵Ͷˣɩӣ֪ģܷʲô飬Ҷ㱨ϣ⡣
ڶרУǵȥ֪Ҫʲôǻó𣿡޵ǳǿӲ
ɩӣ˵еͶǱʾͬȻ󻰷һתϴְҵɱְ˾Ůʧܵ£ֵ֪úܲ죬֮ĹϵܲãԺɩʲô飬ûǸ籨һ¡
ǺǣĻҵһҰæµģ¶ҪĿʲôλ
˵䣬һ˿Թ̽ڳĸ˵
οҪ£ҲΪ˷ãǽǡ⵹˾ܷɹڴһ٣
ɩӣǹᣬԭ⵹˾裿Ͷ¶֮ɫ
Ͼ桢ߺͽҲǷǳ棬û뵽ˣȻôҰġ
ûʱ䣬˾ΪʱǱסᣬһٸ˾裡
޵Ļĸ˺ǲ⡣
Ͼ̲סڵˣ˾ո֮µĸ֣ͳ˾ʱΪʲô㻹˵أ
֪
˵ţʺ촽һЦ⡣
ųȷʵǺ㲢Ĵ֣Բǡ
ôܣҺսͻȻǹƷǳǿӦòܸӦһظ֣Ͼĵ˵
ٴЦһж֮⣬졢ǵһʯᣬ˾衢־κǣȫΪһͨˣ˾軹ıϲ˸飬ûһر֮룬ʱȫ콻սһ˿ʧ״̬ŻΪġ
⡭ôһ˵ϾһζԼж˻ɡ




1740¡ʢ
 

ʵϾ·һֱ룬ظ֣ĳ־ֶΣһ
ڹ˵˶쳣Ͼúܲ˼顣
ϾȻһֱʹ죬Ҳò
˵ʯܷ񿴳ظ֣˵һֱߣظ֣첻ܲ
ĸоġžͿԶˮȥˡ
뵽Ͼٴλ콻սΡ
ʱȷʵѾ󲿷עϣȫûĳ
ǸһţϾԽԽãѵԼִ
ǣǸ񲢲ǳģˣһظ֡
㲻ŵĻ´ο΢̽һ¾֪ˡ޵ĻϾ档
Գη֮ģԺҪƵߡ
˹޵Ļ֮Ͼķûô־ˣѵԼá÷ŷɥڻܱһСƵɣ
ˣ˵öԣȥ̽һ³Ͼ˿ѾȲˡ
޲Цȱ𼱣߻һ죬ɹ̽ûôףѵ̽ʱ֮˵
޽ԼļƻȫгϾ桢Ͷߺͽ֮󣬻ɴ۾мо棬о֮ɫ
ĩˣϾǡôĳ޵˹ȻüƲߣ
ֻҪǰҵļƻ˾⸲𣡡ǹŵЦݡ
ͶЩǣɩӣƻشĲø𣿡
Ҹ˵Ļҵļƻǳðգûаٷְٵİգ˾սʱֻʧԲն࣬ͣʱֻиˣǨŭ˾ֵЩҵǹϷ֣е棬ԶԶǵԤڡ
޹ƻĻĸޱĶ
İͶԥ
ɩӣȫģ
Ϊشߣһʧ֣ͶҲ˲ûзԣҲûи֪
ܿ쵽֮һһȵʢᣬڽϽھٰ졣
ⳡʢΪ죬ǰ춼СС֣Ǹλмµʱ
»̵ֵķʽǸλһʤҲ⡣
ֻЩҲ벻ʢᰵӿŲΪ֪ա
ϣ˾˵ױһ·ͳ컹һ
ڶκ־˶ʾȥ
ҲȰǣֻǽ°и֪ޡ
֮У嫹˶ʮ˾
˾졢һ嫵ĳǶʮС嫵ıһ
СвԶԼʮӾ͵˵ط
򣬱Ҫֵöࡣ
ƽʱе¶ĳȭݸʽȵȼùĲҵڸ۴ЩҵĿŵĿ裬һЩϵȻ졣
˵һЩ󵨵ͨҲּ죬ȻЩֻͨԵ˵ͨ
ʵ⼸ģҪô˱ڵǮӸ磬ҪôԼӣ߽߻ӵ򣬻ûʼ棬ܿһֵǮĶʧˡ
ǽӺ΢һΧĻСǳ뺷ϴϵסСΣ
һ·ȥûзʲôֵעĸ֡
ȶŽס޵ĵط󣬳죬жʮڣһ˾ȥСԱߵ԰;ɫ
˾С㣬ɢûãȫûˡ
㲻˵Ҫ԰ôֲˣ˾С֣ʵ
˾һ˿εЦ⣺Ŷʮˣͷ羰
Ҫ߿
˾ҡҡͷˣҲΪ˱ңô˼Զ㡣
ҿʱ˺ܶҶĳʲôĶУȥһѣ˵һ顣
˾ǽȥɡ
Ϊ˷ܵĵͷʵ֮Ը˾򣬳˾ɢ֮⣬ʵҲԼһأһ¸ִ̼Ķľ֡
˾ת˵磬ǻɣҺĳ档
û⡣һעûвʿǱһ˵Ȼ˳һֵۣܣҪҲļѣ
ǺǣôãļôУ߰ɡЦ
̲סһ䣺㻹Ϊδζ߹ʺ˰




1741¡˳Ǳ˳
 

ʮľ䣬ҿ϶Ǹ⡣ŵĻش
ʵڶԶûʲôȤҲ̫ߵ
ʲô飬쵣ţٳ־ˡ
졢˾ֻжʮ߻һ·ϳо˶ǡ
ôͶ˾𣿡
Ҳоһ㣬ȵķ֣ƾԼǿĸӦȻ޷жϳԷķλ
ֱʩչ˸Ӧ
ܿ죬ְжǵˣԼһһСɽ
ﲻֹһˡ
ֻƬֿһۣͻعͷµļߡ
Ǿ֣˾һڣǣһθվǰһʵ
Ƭܹ߸ˣжŮ
վǰ۲ˣȻ߸еͷ졣
ó֪߸˵ʵݣһ̾СҲΪ߸ˣǻά־ֵĳԱ
ΪǾֵˣ־ֵľֳȫǹ⡣
ǹάֳԱҪĿǼӺ͹ܿرʢľٰҲάְֵ֮һ
⡰͡Ͼǵ飬Ѿά֪
ǹעصʢ֮⣬ϾĲӡ˫
˾ǸڷǣӦжϣǹתͷʵ
άֳԱֳôһʣʱɫеСΡ
Ǿ֣ʵҾһ˵ǸӦûô·ǡ
Ҫô£ֻ˾ı𣿡һŮԱЦ˵Ǹֵе˼Ȼаͬ
ŮԱδ˵̱꣬ǹ磬׼Ǹ˵һУ
类ǹһȣʱһ
ǴŵʵǾ֣ΪʲôǲǸ˰
⣬ҲڳάֳԱ֪ġ
ڴĿ⣬ǹҡҡͷǰǲ֪ĺèЩ飬ǲӦ֪ģֻҪ֪Ǹ˺άûκιϵҲٺϹϵ͹ˡ
Ŷٺ棬Ҳʣֻ͵͵ͷ
ͻȻᵽаۣǹٴλ𵱳ܾ¦Щ־´
ֻ𣬲֪¦ܾΪʲôȫάֳԱἰа۳
ΪμӹϷ¦ⲻʹ˵е֯ǣһ˿ϵ
άǿҲܺ֯ȡ
ǹ˵һҲгʱıһ
ܿȷϴ˳Ǳ˳⡣
Ҽо۲״رϾ棬ǵĳ֣ܻƻأʱֵǳˡ
Ǵôƽ˾ܴĸˡ翴һԾԾԵӡ
ĸͬ£һߣһλгԱǶߡ
ٰܵʢᣬҪάֳߡ
ȻҲΪάֱûߣ⼸߻иҪȥ
ͬЩڴ֪дûжߵʵأ
̫߹˰ɣϾҲͨˣֲӵҾһ˶ܵԼʵš
ǹͻȻڵǿɲһڲӵѵˮ׼ԽԽߣϾһֱֻҪǰ忪£ܴӮ󲿷һߣͶҲһս֮
忪ô𣿡粻̫š
˵а۾ǡǹ⻰˵һ룬˻ȥ
ʶа֣ΪܾǱߵõϣа۵ȷʵǳǳ̬£˵ѾԽļޡ
Ǿ޺ټ˺ܶĸ֣ʲôͻȻָĳ䣬ۼ˼ʮˡ
ޡϾ桢ߺͽնС
ҲǸƷͬ죬Ȼǵϵĺ֡
ǹ⿴һĻ΢΢üͷŮ궼μʢᣬƺͼıǾɡ
ֻ޲֪ڸЩ˵ʲôһӺ󣬼ʮɢᣬصԵϴȥ
ʱ߻ġ
֪˾˾Ůûһ˸ҿ
˾˼ֵĶĳ׼һ¸ľ֡
Ҷĳʱ򣬷ЩĿͣȻʶġ
ʮһģڽǴѧҽԺʶĹӸ纫
һ̵ļӣǽǴѧıһСԡ
Щһôˣ




1742¡ɾ
 

ܿ췢֣˺֮⣬ĳﻹвٹӸںǧ
Ժĳֵǲ֡
С⼸ƽʱϲƣӣò׸һһȵʢᣬһļҲ
˾ȥ󣬺ܿͱǴѧļ
磬Ҳ氡һæк
˵ͷҲ棬Ҷһ䣬̫С飬
磬Ƕã档ȫЦʮ𾴡
ڶԳǴֻĽʡ
СԿȻܲˬҲֻǸŭԡ
Ҳô⼸ܿע⵽һͬܲˬĿ⡣
Ҳˡ
Ӹưɽѵ³ûǣֻСɫƽϣǺٴ
˾С㣬ܹԵ֡Ц˾
˾ε¶֮ɫûȤ˵߿
Ц̽ϡ
˾СܲãҾʱˡʶȤ߿ˣתʱ⿴˳һۡ
˿̺ǣ˽ѵһ١
ҵֻҳ
СҲģһֱߣ˶ҶԳô
ʵж
⼸죬ϵĸ·ҪôμʢᣬҪôģҪôȭ
̫ˡ
ҺϰֺФֺı۰ͶãϵҪ뵽ָס
ۼٶĲѸ߳ĳΪ⡣
ģǰжǵǹ
ǹƺڣҲֻʱѹס֮ġ
˾ֵĶĳһᣬȥȭǱ߿
ǳֻǧСȥ
嫣ղѾ˵Ҫȥ͸ϴһк
΢ĺȭݣ˾ס͡
˵ζˮζʮӵźк
ٸΧһªİ˽߬һԪ󳮣˷ܵĹۿ˽ȭûйĶԾ
ȭִöԷѪģֱһιȥⳡ񶷲ֹ
òŶС˵
˾Եºȭÿ궼Ҫʮˡ
ҪȥĻ϶ûֿ֡죬һݵ˵
һЦСӹҼҵϷûʲôȤ
ÿᰡô˵鲻ԽĸֳһſСǡ
ʱע⵽ǴѧļҲ߹ۿȭ
ֻ˵Ǹλϲɾڣȭġ׬Ǯġ˽˶ԹģԽ˽
Ǽ䣬һǿҵĻ
ڹ壬ȴûĸҽȥ˽ȭ
ϾղźüѪȶԾǵӾ̫ˡ
˭Ҳȥ汻˴д
˵ЩĻʱСͻȻ׽һȻͦؽ˽֮ڣָ߰ͷ­ҲҺĴһ
仰˲ù˷
ֻɫ糣վԭأһս˼ûС
˵СԾ塣
ΧĿͼ״׷塣
ϰ㻹ǲˣ
ǣҾ͸ѹӮ
ϣث֣
ЩĻš
ֶʱȥˣ㲻ڱսôˣҪϰɣ
仰δе㼥ϵζ
ȻֵļСٳһνѵͲˡ
ڶ࿴˷ܵĽ£߽˽
˹ţǿʼע
첢ΪƾܴӮСԣסһöӲңСԸҶԳº֣ӲҴСԡ
˽֮󣬺СԻȦ
ͻȻ֮䣬С͵ĳסȭͷϺȥ
һ˶ΪӦˡ
ϾСģȭٶȷʵͨ˿Ϻܶࡣ
Ȼһ̣СԵͻȻʧȥƽ⣬ֱӵڳǰȻڳһ׼Ĺʺơ
һĻȫĽкȻֹ
Ƕ֪ΪʲôСԻͻȻ£ʵ̫ˣ
ҿȥСԼˤһӡ
ɣ˹ʺˣ΢΢Ŵͣһŵɫ
Ҳú⣬ӲңҪˣ
û˿óСԳһ˲䣬ҽŽŵ׶һ£һֻССɳСԵϥǡ
СͻȻˤӵԭ




1743¡겻ɢ
 

СͻȻˤ춼Ρ
˾һΪãսʤ
ȡšСǡʵ̫ǡˡ
˵ϵСһۣҡҡͷ߳˽
żܽȥСԷ
Сԣû°ɣ
ôˤģҲСĽеȻˣҪ
Ҳʵһ֣ѾˣһЦӣСһ
߳˽ҳȴоϥһЩٴˤ
ŷ֣ϥǴĪʹ
һϥѾ
ôˤû뵽Сˤôء
Сȴĸ֮УղԼûˤϥǣΪʲôϥǻ׳
ųĿ⣬ʱٴαòͬ
ߵǰ컹˾˵ôҾ˵ܺõİɣ
⻰޷
ضԳò
СԺֻܻͷ뿪
ںȭһ֮˾ܲζűӵǳȥԷɣˡ
˵ˣζĺ֣˵ţס˾֣һͬȥ

ȭݺҪ˾ʲôͻȻоһǿϤϢ߿
߳ͨȭݵСӣĿһǰȥ
ֻһСϾСſһ߳ѩ⣬һЦ
ҲϾĵϾı飬֪һ϶Ҫ鷳ˡ
ϴڽǴѧſڱһߣȻҳ֣⵹óͦġ
²⣬ϾҪôΪԼ˴ҪôǱиǿĸֵɽ̡
ǣϾ֣Ͼǣסֶ˾ͼıĻƾ嫴Ķʮڣǻס˾ġ
ϾֻվСſڶǿʲôٶûУҲ̽ս״̬
ֻǿ˾ƽУȻ󿪿ѵ˺ʵ൱ĸϾܻǳ֣һȥɣ
ĸ˾£ܺʵ
ĿͶǸСָϾλãսѣϾ棬ǰڲﱻΪ
Ͼ濴ףҲĶ֡˾һҲţǻжʮأʲôµģҿ˾ŮҪǱµĸŵǶҵӣǸϾˣǳǵķȥ
ԭȰ뻹Ǳ͡
ôǳƺšֱôһС
Ǽ˼ũ˳Է
ºע⵽ϾҲũ֣˸λҲˣĿһֱƮе겻ɢζ
ũϰ߹ȥʵһҪʲôˣɫС
ӣϾ涸Ȼһŭȣϰŵȫһ
ϾƱɲһֵܹġ
ϰ峣򿪷꣬˷ǳ࣬Ͼļֱ
ʶȤ߻ع̨ȥˡ
쿴ΧĻоϾ֮⣬Բʮʱûܶ˾в
ϾʱܶǶ֣ɴΪԶʮڶһ󣬱վϾλȥȻϾ
ٴ˵ǿ˲ũʳ͵Ŀ⡣
˾һͬȥֻϾ涼ƴʱܴ֡
Ͼ棬ǳһ˾΢ʵ
죬ôΪʲô²¿ϾǹЦ
˵ЩϻҺδǿѡӣһĽ
˾֣ǲ˼˾ɵãɿ϶ϣ۰ܵһ˺Ҳ֪ģҪһëұ㲻սѣ
ⷬ˵Դǣҷǳ
ϾȴͻȻЦսѣ죬Һս֮飬ѶǸΪҼΪٽϸ£ҲΪ˾˵öԣ֮ȷʵûʲôϻ˵ģϴεĽûзֳʤǾһ
Ͼ沢̽ˮƽ½ڸߺͽա
˿ߺͽһȺũֶЩֶǹ޺͸̸潻֮󣬴Ӹġ
ȻϾ沢Ǻܿϸֵʵ϶Ҳҧ󣬸οֻ̽ʵϰٸгһˡ




1744¡鷳
 

һ붯ϰٸ֣ҪΪ˶Ը졣
չ޵ļƻϾȺ춯֣ȲˣϰٸһΧ죬ܹСĴ۽ʰ
ϰٸȶ֣ʵܴ˶ʮĴУ϶Ը⿴Լֵµĸˡ
ϾԤߺͽմϰٸ֣Ѿũ棬˵ˣ
ֹУǽˡ
Ͼλϣ˫ۺһͻȻѸȥ
ϾͻȻ֣ͬûվԵС
ȻŴֻܷӳɵʵȻϾ涼ţȻռϾֱˡ
˳磬һ˲Ѿ˼ʮС
ÿһжܹƵĲ
컹Ͼ棬ϵƵúܺã˫ڲƾչУӲûһ¡
ıƴҲǼɵĶԾ
˷ȭƣȻʮȹ̣˶ûô䣬˾߶ʮĿɿڴ
Ϊӣ̫ϾĽζʲôˣ
ּĽⱲӶһΣ
Ͼȭƽӣƴϰ֮ϾͻȻһֳֻԱߵĿӣԲѨλȥ
ԤеϾĶ«ҲԱߵһֱף׼ֿļסϾĿӡ
˴ͽֹбʹò;߹С
ũϰͷԱֺֽ£ܵϾԽԽ֣Ķá
򿪵ˣпɽϰҲǣ˿ȴȥԼĿɽй
Ϊ˾ǧСŶʮڽ֪СԲǺǵģ˵Сıĺ̨Ӳ
ۼϾʱѷʤ˾಻סڵ磬ҪҪҽбڰ㣿
ãܾ̾
ͱ˾Ըһ֣Ϊ˵һֳ衣
Ҳ֪Ը񣬲ûагְ졣
ϾԽԽ졢һʱȴӦũһȺˡ
һȺ˸Ǻ֡
ó΢΢죬ũôãҪˡ
Ⱥǳ˾ģ챻Ͼǣסʮ־ܴùԷҲ˵Լ֡
뵽ȳȥ濴һ¡
δȥ˽
ǸղڶĳĹӸ纫
ȭʤĸ֣ݺݽѵһ
ũֺ󣬺Ͼľһ챻ǣסһȻ΢Ц˾кٿҲҸҳȥ棿úһġ
ðҲʹӦ
ûע⵽ߵ˾ֵĻ֮һ¡
鷳ȻҴӦ벻ġ
ɵˣһأǧȥȰ
δȳӦǺһЦС㣬ֻͳѣϣ㲻Ҫᡣ
ƨϣ㵱ǰ׳ǲǣֶʱ˸ۡ
ȻʱѾվһȥ
һЦİСӻװƣûıӻҿô
ºȭʹ˸ɫһݵ߳ũ֡
֮߳󣬳ӦȺ֣û̳ũ֣ũԱߵһСĳŻ
СĳĶĿͣѾա
͵ȹһ£Щ̶֡
Сĳſڵߺͽգǰһ
üȥ̽ʵû뵽Լˡ
ֻǿӣѾͱ˽ߺͽҲŶ֡
˷ϰٸǱСĳ֮⣬ǴѧļҲڸվڲԶһӻſڣС޺޵Ŀ
СԸղҳˤ˸ʺķǳֻǰڳи죬ֻܰĸš
ڿһӸҳˣСĵȻֻġ
ҲԿϷ̬ũſ߿
Ļ֪ߵҲøߵˡ
ϴξ;㣬Զ˾軹ҲΪиžͺ˲ǲǣŵĽеʮʤĸ֣ôǴ򣡸ϣ
һ£ȭ־ҪԳ֣æڰֵһ£
ôڲҸ㣬ѾˣЦھҵĽֺͷҶܷŹ㣡




1745¡ҵ
 

ǣֻ˵ܲܽ򣿡ָָԱߵСĳ
Сĳһֻۣպ߾վڶĳſڿǡ
û뵽Ҫ󣬼ֱ뻢ڣʾӦ
Сĳ˱ȭֽѵ֮⣬ᱻĥøң˷֮£ҲʹӦѡ˸õطǾͽȥɣ
˵Сĳȥ
ԶӻſڵС԰һɵƣûôģ
⼸һۣȥСĳſΧۡ
ͬʱСɽάֳԱԾֳǹǾ֣ټϰٸ֣졢ϾũԱߵһСĳߵǸҲȥСĳˣҪҪɸ˹ȥ
Сɫ⣬ȥũֿһ£ϾǲǴˣǹܵķԸ
ǣ
һͬ߳Сɽ֣ǵٶȣһӾũſڡ
˶ڴϾĶԾ֪ũԱСĳĳжô˵Ļһܺûнĳۼ֤
ʱСĳĳɨΧһȦϰٸϸֶһƵĶ
ͨˣ类ӡ
ĴݣߺͽղòĿ࿴
ߣСӿ԰ûãˣջһ䡣
һٻˣϲװƵ˻һĿͷŻ֪£
úһ³ʱͻȻӦĳſ͵
˭
һȣСԵȼŵɪɪȴΥߵĻֻսսߡ
תͷȥ΢˵߸磬⼸ǽǴѧı
߸磬λү˵ûǾǽǴѧıҽСԣͳСгܲҺСһһźͳһĶԾ
һαƵǽϣڶΰ˽ڳǰˤ˸ʺǿҲʲȥ
Ըñȶ֣Ͳγ
СԹȴ˵аǾһ
ǣúȭȶ֣ǳܿͰˣһӶûС
СԿȻҲǸӣֿ϶ȭֲö࣬СԺͳһҲ
ô˵ȻĥҲһȤ
СĳϰˣóһƬյأֻгСվڿյ롣
ɣһҿ϶ˤˣСֺɫȭͷյ졣
Ȼ㻹ûѵ
˫ĻαװԼ
µҲαװˣҪǰֵġ
СԱһһ˹
ڳ嵽ǰһ˲䣬ˣ
ֻ߾ƣڰкݺ£
أ
СԽʵʵİ˳һƣͬһſڵϣһ¾ͻȥ
ûжɱģһ㹻СԴһˡ
һĻߡպͺ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ԤСԻռϷ磬û뵽Ȼһˣ
Ȼܴ󣡡ر⣬֪ˡ
СԸղŵıôʵҲǺġ
ڳϰٵϸֿɲá
֪һ󣬵ӦٶȴҪϰ
ղųٶô죬˵ûζš
ߺͽվġ
໹ʵ
ɱһС֤ʲô
ʹ˸ɫúȭֳ
ȭ̤ߵǰ¶һ׶֮ɫ
ѪȺȭӮʮ˳ʵѾԶһĺȭ֡
ɢѪߺͽն档
ڳǰСԻȭ֣˵ȫûκ
СһϺʹһϣܹһŲ
ȭֶ˺ݻͣ˵һȭظλȥ

ĸֻû˵꣬ȭ뵹ɳȥСĳǽڶײѺˡ
ߺͽգûôֵġ
ϰٸϸҲһ
һ̣ڳиֲԼͬĵһ
ǿ̫ǿˣ
ˣֻĸ
ԭ뿴ϷļŵùֽһȥСԶˡ
˿״̬Ϊǰʮ뵽ȭ֡
ų˿ĮӣĲֹӿ־У
ЩСɫҿÿһۣҪһ١ٶҡһ˵ţһ߻ȥԽĽҵġ




1746¡
 

ֵȥͬʱȵ߸磬ȾңСҪɱˣ
߾Ҫֹһ̣סˡ
ֻС˲䰼ȥף
ڳȻûһֿγֵġ
סԼ˵ĲλȥݽȥС
ޱȾֵĿųٴ˳һ˵ʲôȴ㵵ķԼ˵ˡ
ŰĹӸ磬ֻܵɴ۾ĵȥ޾Ŀ־;ʹ
ǳ¤ʡкɱĵˡ
֮ǰͬǣɱĿ֮ģһ㶼ûΡ
ߺͽȷϣȷʵظ֡
ܹһȭ˵С׵ˣǸʲô
ԼҲֶΣղŴȭֵĶ
չ¶ʵǲ֤ǸܹһϾľ֡
Ÿʲôϣ߳ϰٸϸֺ
ͽն̽ʵϰٸϸġ
ϰٸ˭ҲװˣȻܼɵʵǸЫ˹޸Ǿη
ߺһϰٸִ˷𹥻
ȻǰչʵҲûҪ֡
ֵĻϰٸֺܻܿȥԱߵũֶԸ졣
ʱΪ˾죬Ǳ֣¶øࡣ
һֹԭزֻĳȭơߺɨһȣͽЩִɳȥ
ûһϸܽӵסһС
СĳΣͺһϰƤһһƤɹֱ׼ޱȵķɳȥ
ȻЩֵ³ɱƤҶˡ
Ǳɳȥ󣬻ûײʲôڰжϾϢֱ
Щ֪մȾѪĵͲС֣Ǻɱ֡
ߺͽԽԽľĵͬʱһɺ⡣
ֲ̫ˣ
ϰٸϸ֣Ȼݿɱ
ԭ˵ʵ
ߺͽϻǣʮ֣ҪΧ
㻻ϾҲǺõȥܺϰٸͬھս
һٶΧǵˣ׾ٵĽһɱһκû
⻹
ߺͽմ˿ֻСĳ
ɲɵǣߵֻ
߱һæͨ绰ֻֻﴫ޵ߣôûȥϾ棿Ѿĵòˣ
򡢷ˡǹȥߵֱȿ޻
޳ʵǲ̽Сӵʵôһ˶Ըˣ
ˣµġ仰δ˵꣬ϵֻͻȻѣ
Ȼӵ绰һֵߵߣֱֻ֮߱ӱײˡ
ιιСĳĳƷĹʼûлӦһĽȥ
²ˡ
ǵСĳܳش⣬ûеһʱȥ쿴
ֻߵƷſڣԶԶĹ۲
Сĳͬһļžʲô
޵Ŀһתһͬڹ۲嫡
Ϊ˱ӣûվһ
嫴˿ͬĳԾ
ʾȥ̽ҡҡͷܾˡ
ֹôҹȥ
ʰĳȫֵʱũϾĴ򶷣
Ϊ˶оǲʶĸֽ
ũֵά־ֵ硣
άֳԱϾ潻֣벻ɫĹ۲죬ȴԼѾˡ
ӦСĳҲ˾Ҵ򶷣˾ȥСĳһ¡
Ƿǳ棬ԳʵӦñɵŶԣܷҴ򶷡
Բ˴򣬶Ǻܶһ֣ŻôĶ
Ͼ滹ȫעս״̬֮УûһӦ
ֻǺܺ棬ظôսֳȥˣѵǳģ
Ȼ棬ûиȥ
ΪϾ涼˲СڰϢ
ܿСĳſڡ
˸սžʹסˡ
һصʬ壡
ʬм䣬վһɫƽˣ·һٶʬȫ޹ء
һݵ˼µˣ
ʲôľݴݣ
ŵĿųǲǰˣǸꡣ
һһŮʵҲЩġ
ܸоõ
ߣ
һ˲䣬ͽ˵ݸжǵϵһ




1747¡ɱ
 

Щˣɱģһ˿ʵڵ
ȷϰٸϸ֣ǳɱͻᰴάֹ涨
ûлشҲûشֻƽɢһſȥ
ٴУתֹͻȻˡ
ֻɫƽ˵鷳һá
һ飬Щ˵ǲɱģĿĶס
ɱΣɱΣ
Ƴһۣʱ޷ʹȻνĳߡ
ǰߣܶһв
жϵóеǶߣŮֻһߡ
ˣѹ
ɱģǾҪɷ翪ˣԳ̬ȷǳˬ
ȻûбݣһҲӦöһ㾴ηûС
Ͼǿڷ֮ϵĳߣһڱ೬ߣ
˵Цʲôˣʸң
ǻά־ֳԱרżЩ֣Щϸֶɱģô㷸Ĵ㹻з̣һ¡Ȼ̬˵
ü΢΢һ
ԭάֵˡ
Ҳǣ䳬ϹŰʡ
Ŷάֵˡ
ǹһ˿Ц
ֻϵ˶Ҫӣкã
û뵽άֵĴ־ҲˣȻǡ
ʱڱ೬ðŭ
̶£˫ֱͷҾܲУȵͬʱһȭ֮Уʱ׼֡
Ҳһ׼ʩչԼĳ
ü
ûȥ¦ˣ¦ˡ
һսУ
ͻȻ䣬ˣ
Ԥϣ˸ԴȭƣҪȥ
ߵȭƴϣͨɵ˺ȫͬ
ǵĳͺ͹ߵһܶɼƻ
ñȳ߻Ҫǿᣡ
Ȼ޷ʹ˼ɵӲߵʽ
պͳһ֣͸оȭͷϴ޿ɵֵľ
˴һڵʯ֮ȫܷӦתȫͼסһȭ
Ȼͽ޹
ƾͱǿ̫̫ˡ
ۣ
Ѫʮ㱻Сĳذϵʬ
Į߽ĳ˳ֽŹϡ
սĹ޺嫣ͿĶˡ
ţ˲䱳һƬ
ӣԶǶɱģ
ҳղһȭչֳʵпѾﵽߵˮƽ
ƾ޷սʤ
˺ٷԱϼ
ϼٴЦղŲ˵Ѿˣɱصȥ
仰Ǳϰٸϸ֣ߡաɱġ
еľ㵺Ϳ־֮ɫˡ
ǰִ֮˲˾衢ּҪǿͿ
ǳȻȫǷάһҪأ
Ǵδô֣
ɱǣʵά׷϶·һ
ѹס־֮ģɱǵĺ
첻Ƕ֣Ƿ㣬һὫƼǾֳʵôǿ϶ܵǾֳء
Ǻǣҽά֣Цһ
ɸпȤ
¦Ͳȫĵά־ֶƲϵ
άֳԱΪ˻ȻάΪ
Ȼ֪˵ٻĿԸ
ķˣȴľ־ֵ׷ɱ
˵ģԸǾ֣Ǿһĸ֣ǾֻõĴΪڱ֣ɱôҲʲô¡º͵ļȰ˵
ҡҡͷЦˣ֪ǰҲɱܶˣάֵ˶ɱ
ɱάֳԱı𾪵ˡ
ֲһôԭаס
²£ɱĸάֳԱЦݷ·ħ
һۣ
֪ɱĸάֳԱ
־ֵĳԱûбɱļ¼
²𣿡
Ǿǡ
˵䣬֪ɢһ˿ԵϢ
ɱǸˣǽϷ־ֵĳ




1748¡аۣ
 

ʲô
֮ɫ
ǲǽά־ֵľֳ
ǿǼǵ÷ǳǱаɱģ
ֵȫĵά־ֶ֪ˣǳ䶯
˵ά־ֵľֳɱģţ
ǵĽǶϿǰʹ˵еаͬǳȴް֮
ȻҲһصĳ֣ʵȫаۻúԶ
˺ܿѹס𾪣Ϊֻڹǡ
˵ԼɱĸάֳԱãҪ˵ϵĳ֣ΪֵλôߵĴǲ֪˭ɱ𣿡
Ҳóѻܴǻĸаɱ㻹ðа۵ս˵ʵʵǿܶ࣬Ҳа۲ʮǧ
Ȼǹⲻ׼ᵽа֮ھֳ˲绹˵˳
ԣ΢УǹһаȵĻȡ
ȻҪˣǾһ㡣
Ҿаۣ
ܣ֮£̷񶨡
ڱ೬ߣ϶ֻðаۡ
ҲŻǲţһٴγ֣
羪֮£ؼƣͬʱ־ŭĽеǸɱǣܵάֵ׷ɱӳĸصķ־Ҳͨ㣬е𣿡
һ죬һ¦ֵܾλǾһںάͨ˻һһְֻǰ˫ϡ
˫۱ס嶼á
𾪵ǣÿһ仰ܾף
¦ֵܾĴͨ˸޷֪ǳ֣Ҳ֪
ȴֱ˵¦֡
Ӿóޱء
ҳչֳĿ֮ĺʹ˵еа޼
ԽԽľûʱ˼ˣ
ưס˫ۺ󣬾һ£˫һֱ۹ͷڽڴϣʹҽг
Աߵһƴһֻץסһֱ۶ϣ
һ˲䣬άֳԱͳ˷ˡ
һ˦綼ϣһϢûս֮
գظ߷ͥϣ¦;ҪҽʱҾ˾⣬гһһҪ¦⡢߻ǵά֡֯ӦеĴۡ
ά־ײ͵Ҹ¦ͳĵһݴ񣡡
־־׷ɱҰɣжٸ٣Ҫ¦ֵ֤һ־ֵĸ𣡡
㡢㡢㡭ⷬ𺧵û˵
ǳ׵Ĵסˡ
ǰˣǴ˵еаۣ
ǵĻΪʲô֪ôаۺά֡֯顣
άֳԱ𺧡浽˼㡣
ֻϧǵѾߵյ㣬Զûл֪ˡ
֮ϢϾ
Ŀƽתȥ
߳Сĳʱ޺ԶƬ
ƻشʣߵĸߡյˣֻ˸绰Ͼ棬һ뿪ʵBƻ
·һ߻ũ֡
ֵܣû°ɣ˵ȥˣ𣿡ö˶˵Ļ֮ɫȥ˴롣
ղûȥҳΪϾ滹û뿪
ϾǰŸߣžͽũ֣ÿ׼˵졣
û¡شȻòȻˣոոϰ
ȻϴӵĳʱԼתɳӤ㴿Ͼ״̬
ϵһ˿Ѫо
û¾ͺã˵ز˾Ǿ뿪ϾֹԸǡԭܵϾȥȥ֡
Ͼֵ¿вˮƽĴ֡
ֻΪʲôϾǣסֵ֮µĸ֣ߡǣȴһû֡
ղ߽մũֵĻԸʮɣʱ˾׶༪ˡ
Ļʾûκ
˾ԣҲԼСЦֻøһվ
һ߳ũ֮ӦԶϢǿ
ӲũֳԷȥũԱСĳġ
첻ǣֻǿһۣӵķȥ
װȫûע⵽Сĳȥˡ
ʵѾ³ţӦþά־ֵĳԱ
ͷǸٲȻ˵ŵ죬ܿ־־ֳҲеǾ֡
Ȼ־Ҫ־֣һʱ
־ֵĳԱһ
µһҪĻɼ˫УＧ˫ʲô¶Ҫ
ߵӵλã嫾š




1749¡Bƻ
 

ǻˣҪ𣿡µʵ
ͷǸϽ뿪ܻᷢ¡
˵Ĵ£Ͼܾ֮ܿ⣬ǸղСĳߵˡ
Ȼ˵ʵʵһҲСǡ
˵֣أ嫲˵ʲô򿪳˾ȥ
ȳҲϳ֮
뵽ƶBƻס̵΢΢˷ܺͽŵı֡
ɻɣߺͽռһٶũԱߣͼ춯֣ǲǺйء
һ·ԡ
˾Ů֮⣬˸˼
˿̳ǣǸʦܾܲ¶棬ܾɼ˫ˡ
ȥԸά־֣Ҳûк֮ǡ
ʢٿ֮ǰСϢʦͽǱɱġ
ϢԴʱ־Ȼ϶ͷ˾Ϊ
ûеһʱ˾ˡ
Ϊûô򵥡
п˴䡣
·ͬСɣһɹ˾ˮݣʱ˫ʧء
ʦǸСϢ֪Լѵֵסʦ
ʢٿһ죬Լ˾һ档
ص㣬ǹ޶µģڽǵһƵꡰʢ
ԭչ޵ļƻ֮Ͼ˾һˡ
ڼƻشʣ޲òȴϾϻʵBƻ
Ȱ˾赱ʣв˾
첻ԸͶ޻յCƻ
۱ɱԼ˾˴Ϣʵǹ˷ųġ
λ֮⣬ҪλײβĽʦ
ֻҪʦʱ򲻹λʦ϶˾軹ɱۣλжпܱʦһŭ֮ɱ
嫴ضҪֱ˾衣
ʱչ޵ļƻʦΪϵһѵѵܽ˾衢ֵµĸ¾ɵ졣
Ȼڹ޶һӼɵˣǾǳ
֪Сĳ﷢ʲô״ȷߺͽջϰٸϸ֣Ƿ񱻳ɱ
Ҫúýʦһ㡣
嫿ʱʱʱĿһֻĻû
ڽĵȴ޸Ϣ
ڿʮ󣬹޷΢Źˡ
ֻһֻ޷ǣƻ˳ʦѽڣǱأ
Ѵ졢ǰʢƵꡣ嫷һ̵Ļظ
صǵʢƵ
ֻ嫰һ
ֻҪ͹޸ʦ㹻ı꣬ؽʦΪǳһ֡
˾Ҫֵһ֣ȥɱ˾ɵǸ֯
־ͶκȻܲǶˡ
ΨԼаٻЩȥǴѧܺ˾ͬǸŮѧۣʱۺ˾һ𣬶Ϊ͹͸ʦ
Ȼʯȥ嫲ϧﾯҲҪǿа۰֣ܵɹˡ
۾ڵʢƵĳ
뵽ƻ˳ŷ̵˫ҲͲ΢΢
һĻڳûóκα仯
ڳֻάֳԱСĳʲô
ʱСĳǹվ˵ʬǰɫ
Ϊ̽´ࡣ
ȴû뵽ֵµߣȻСĳ
˭ɵģ
ߡպϰϸֶܣԼɱˡ
ǹҲΪϰٸܺͬھ
ôֻһܣ֡
ǲ֪ʲôʱϾֵֹͣġ
Ҳûп߳СĳΪʱǹѾСɽˡ
ߵʱ򣬵ȻСĳĳ
ֻܻɵϡ
Ǿ֣磬ѵɱģһάֳԱѹű֮ʵ
ǹ˵ҲֻϾˡ
ôһɱ绹ϰٸϸ֣£Ҳô찡һάֳԱ˵ţʬ塣
𾪵ķ֣缸޻֮˵Ǳֱɱġ
첻ʵ
ǹҲǵһ㡣
ѵﻹһ֣
ǹ˻һĸڱ೬ȫ֮ġ
һ֣ǱǸôڵĴͷǳΣˣ
ûйƾĸͼߣǸسֵĶ֡




1750¡м
 

Ǿֿ֣ʱ͵ϮǣǻǾ뿪ɣһάֳԱʾ
ǹȻǳŭҲ֪ͣʬ壬Ȼʶ߳Сĳ
ȻؾߣǱɱظɱǶߣ
ǹѳȥִߵٻ顣
ҲǸظ֣ͽȥ졣
ǹһжģнеһʯᡣ
Ѿյʿˡ۱ܵϢ̸Ǵѧ
ʯܲǣΪʲôֻۣûͬѧ
ֱǽʦ
ǿѧ֮ʯյһϢǾ˾ȻĵҪˣڵʢƵ
ʯͣĴӸϵʢƵ꣬׼Ҫʲô¡
ʵ¶µó֮Լ棬ܿ⼸йء
˼棬ҪôᣬҪôһͻƴ
ʯȷһֿԸ
ᣬ߶˺ܶˡ
ߵصＸˣߵĹޡͶϾ棬˾ߵ־κ
һ¥۲һᣬʯע⵽ҲƵꡣ
ŽĻг졢˾֡
պأʯеɻ󣬰Ͷôû
Ҳ
ע⵽λ٣е⣬˾ļ棬϶˶أðʲô¡
¥˽Ƶ6¥ᡢĴ
ۿȥֻߣվźװ
Ӧ˾Ե¡
˾ߣǵ׷ֱŹ޵ĸ
嫽ûһرķӦԼıѴﵽĵز
ǲɫ߹ȥ˾һλ¡
Ҹλǵһμ˾ƽƽĴС
˾˹ȣͱȽϴˣӸλƣȥͺŴֺú졣
һִֻŹµĴȣǿĿ
嫿ʮֲˬɫ̹졣
ȽʦһܳΪס
˶ˣǿ㿪ʼ˵һڴصɤ˵
˾˹ԱߵĲ豭һڲ裬ſڵɱϢɢȥģ˾ĳ˻ʹֶΡ
ʵ֮ǰ嫸ʱ˾ɡ
ǺΪ˸ӱ˾ͽˣʱսڿսĻ߳ôֳȥ飬ҪԪˡ
Ĺǽʦ
˾Ըվ壬ؽʦͲɱԡ
Ȼ˿̹֮ˣҪһûҪЩģ
˾ĳ壬ڷ
ɣǹһϢȥýʦ֪ĵӲκһɱԸЭʦ֣Σ
û⡣˾˵ʵ¡
ʲô£ｹʦ֣
̵ģ˵ĸСӸɢԣҪ֪˭ɵģһƤǸˣһ뵽Լһѣ̲סƿڴ
꣬ڹ޵һѡ
޺֮Уһ仯ûУȻޱȵĶׯ
嫰İŮ˵Ķôһ󣬿п¶ڡ
пĳΪô˴ʢٰ죬ǿԸȥôһЩ˾˵Լ뷨
ĸǵͷϣӻˣ
һм˵
˵ҲеҾ˹ȥ
һˣ
˵ţҪվ׼뿪
˾ûʲôֻǵ˵㡣
ȵȣ常ղǱСȥ棬ְС㣡ͻȻڡ
˵ǹ޵⡣
֮⣬Ϊʱ䣬Ƚʦ
嫵Ļ˾ͬʱüͷ
ʲô˼˾ʵ
ʱ뷢ŭ־Цһʲô˼أʲôʱ˶Ůˣ
仰һڣͻȻòԾԱߵĹϿȥ
ޣ㣿




1751¡
 

ԭ˾ĵԼûȥԸ˾
Խתü죬̾뵽ǰԼŮ˹ְҵɱ֣ȥǴѧ˾¡
ʱΪ£ùޱֶΡ
ǹûдӦһܡ
˵ȥԸ˾ģһʱ뵽ܿǹûоͬ⣬˽˳֡
ʣȴǷǳĵϻһֱ仯
ҹ޵ƺӡ
ͻ̣ԼŮģҲᵱ˾ùѿ
嫣øó֤תͷ
»Ҫ֤𣿵ʱСֵϾ棬ھűС㣬Ͼ͵óˣ
⻰һ˵ĿⶼתֱߵϾ档
ԼҲ˹ȥ
Ͼ沢£Ķô˾֪ġ
ֻǰչ֮ǰļƻֻҪչ˳˾͸ˣȻﵽͷϡ
ڼƻб䣬ϾҲֻŹ޵ıüƻ
ûȷʵ֡
ϾĻش˾ɫ
ԼŮⶾ֣ܲŭ
ǴҾһսˣ˾仰˵÷ǳǳء
Ҳ˲ɫ
ԭԼ˾棬ֻΪ˳ҥԣû뵽Ƽתֱ£һ¾͵˽ŵĵز
֪Լ˾ĳԹҪ˽ᡣ
ߣȻ޺֣¾ģ˾裬ô˵ô˵ɣ⻰˵ʮӲ
嫳ûɿ𣺡ǰСѧУҽԺְҵɱ֣ĸְҵɱֿ϶Ҳˣ
ûͨͨӸɵģ̯ˣ˾裬Ǿսʹ죡
漴վ㶢벻׵˾衣
һվ˲ŵ˼㣡
˾ڶվĿӡ
嫡־κ죬жĹޡͶϾ桭ߵȫվˡ
˳
ֻгǺϾţ̬·ȫ뿪ģ˿ܽŵӰ졣
˵У˾衢λеĽ棬ԻըԡԵĺӰ졣
ĵ֣пڽշ췭ظĴı䡢󶯵
ڳУ˾֣ҲСӹҼҡ
ڸЩ£ȫȡ
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ֻʮ˵˾裬ǿ챻Ͼӣʣµ˶µĶ֣ذɣ
߽նǾʤ֮ǰܸϵ𣿡˾˵Ҳһ㶼飬ѻ˵̫ˣ¹˭֣δ֪
仰΢΢һĻȡ
常͹̵¹˭֣ǳԡ
˾Ļһ˿ǡ
Ҳܺߺͽôû
ղŹ޻ʱûʣȷʵҪߺͽյս˰ĿͶޡ
޵Ȼ˵ߡ
Ϊ֪ƺܴ󣬷Цӯӯ˵⼸˾һܣ϶Ȥ֪
ʲôܣ޵Цţĺ˲ﵽ㡣
ûпǿɫص˾裺⼸һ֣ǰ߾ĵ̽ûʣ¶˰ɣ
ô֪ģ˾ɲǼɫ䡣
뱻֪飬ǱԼͷ֪
ǰѾ˭й¶£͵شûɽ
Щ£˭Υ
뵽־Ͷκִƻʱ鲻Ըӣ˾͵һ
ѵĸˣ
ľŭ֮£˾迴־Ͷκһۡ
˾үܹ˵֮ƣǶĹôй¶Ϣ־æ͡
κŸ͵ǰҪǸй¶ȥʱ򻹲Ҫһˣɲͽ£
˾һĸ˵Ļͦе
ǳ־Ͷκ嫡Ů˾г֪ˡ
˾Ӳ嫵ĳ̶ȣŮ˾͸˵
ǿûҪй飬ֻҪֱӼͻܵһͿء
ôʣµĿѡֻгһ




1752¡
 

һ룬˾Ķס
ųݶƿӣ˾ɻɾǳйܡ
˾δЩЦ
кôڵϽˣȻԼӣɵͷ
Ȼ˾ĽǶϿĿɳ̶ȷʵȽϴ
ʼնãȻΣٽӽ˾Ӷﵽӽ˾Ŀġ
һֱ˾ߵ嫣ɡ
ҵĸ춼йܣǲǾҿˣ˾仰Ȼû˼ʵˡ
嫺͹޵»
˶ʵȷաߺϰٸϸ֣Ƿ񱻳ɱ
˾ԳģԳ֣ôڽʦ֮ǰǾѾȲʤȯ
ǹʱļıղŶ˾˵Ƿǹ˾軳ɳ
ĿĴﵽһֱɫһ˿仯۵׸ֳ˲ĵ֮ɫ
˾Գʻͬʱ߼ʹɫ
ֻҪκβԾľٶü̶Գ֡
δӦ߹ס˾˵ֵܾйߣҵ˸񵣱˾ҪģǶԸǣ
죬մӲӳ֪ն֪֪治֪İ˾軹ûΪĻԳĻɣЩ꣬Ҳ֪ڹͷУԽûµˣԽϲֺ޽飡
⻰һûʲôһԵȴоԼϻġ
ƽĶۣ嫾˾ܲøĶˡ
ȴΪһŮˣͷŮˣ˾衣
ӽϽΪҪԡġ
ȻѾ޷ͷ·Ҳֻܲ˵壬һߵڡ
˾ǳйܵģǲ˼ֻᱣŮΪֶԸ̬ȺܼǱˡ
⡭
˾΢΢һ㵡
첻Ļһ浹ơ
ƾϾһˣɱˡ
һйߣҲӰĽ֣ɳֳȥ龳ⷸ֯ϢѾ֪
ȻҪһս
˾ôʵ޹ؽҪ飬¶Գ֣ʧȥǿ̡
˼Ҳû㣬վͬ飬һԸ
˾ĶԵĻûóһ˿
עĲеսǽʦά֡
Ҳ֪ʦάֵˣʲôʱ
Գڵʵߣߣô
ۼ֮ЧʦֻûޱϾ涯֡
Ҳǻַŵ󣬿ӾҪͳǹ
˾ٴУ־κ˶ʶʱ̡
һʱ䣬Ǹεҽ˼㣬սһ
ʱͻȻ߽һ
һˣǽǵһʯᡣ
ֻʯһȵȫ
յ˾׼սϢʯһʱӸ
Ȼսĳ档
ԥֹ
Ҫ˾ƴǶҪꡣ
ҵʱ򲻵˵⣬ǵľÿ϶ʧء
Ͼ˾豻˾ǣҪ飬ĲҵҲ϶⡣
ʯһȣҩζʮĴﷴջһЩ
תͷסʯ᣺ʯ٣ñ£
˾ľѻᣬ˾ˣȥǲɳȥȫûôˡ
ʯĳ֣ǳǳˬ
£ʯһĻӦ˾趯֣һ԰ץ̳
һ仰üͷ
˾裬ʵܼɵʯλǵһ١
ʱǵĴжҵϽн棬ƴ
ìܶȻﵽɵ͵ĵز˾ʵ׾ս
ڱʯۿţλвò
δ˾ʲôʯͻȻɫһ䣬˿ԼҲ˵һȥƺʲôŵˡ
ʯľٶʮֲ⡣
ܿ죬˲ս
˾衢졢Щ˻á
Щλϵ͵ĺװŵú󱳷
ţüһſڿȥ




1753¡Ͼ汻
 

ֻſڣ߽ˡ
ǰģһۡǵߡ
ߵĺ۰˫Ŷסˣ·ӣ֪˻Ϊ䶯С
ǾߵҲû˸Ұɷ֮ˡ
Լʮ߰ˣһһŮеĴۣŮĴִۣ˵ȫ
˽֮˸оȻ˺ܴѹ
ѹԴλصĺߡ
֮սҲΪλߡ
Ȼͺͨ˲࣬ͬ˻ҪɢǹϢȴÿ˲ɵһ
ʶǿĸ֣ߵһ˲䣬۵Ҳļɵ֮⡣
߽һػǹķӡֲ֮µĸ֣췴ּɵ֮С
ߣȴȫ͸˲ֲģҲѶԸġ
Ͼͬĸо
ԼֵĻΪըϣ޵С
˿Ͼ澹һֻĸоԼֻ治һߵĶ֡
߾˭𰸺֮
ʦˣ޳ηﻹ̺һ˿ϲ
ڴֵˣƵ꣡
ûߣǴ˵Ľʦ
ڳʦһŨŨɷ֮ɷǵĸȫմߣɽʦֵĻʹľʲôͳпʹ
ӽʦòóɡ·ɷ֪ˡ
ʵһƬһ¥߸͹𣬲γɡ·ɷҪ˵Ĳá
õĴųǿģǸеĸˡ
޷͸ͫʦж
ƾųӦܴжϳʦΪԱǰĴ޵Ҫǿ
ʦ
޽г˾趼ͷһ
λͨ죬ȴûмʦݡ
˶û뵽ôһ·ѾߣǴ˵зޱߵĽʦ
һҲŽʦǰСͷ
ޣСͷôǽʦϴˣ
ûлش𣬵İٷְٿ϶Լûв´
ȻʦѾ졢ϾѲףʦǣ
Թ޲˵κλǽʦ
ֻʦ΢ǵ˫ۣɨȫ֮ĿⶨϣȻĿڵ㣬ɱҵͽۣ
ĹƨʲôʱɱˣοСӣʸӳ֣
ƿڴȻϾ棺ְͷȥǸĺӣ˴ˣ
Ͼ沢֪ʦǹġ
ֻڹǰúñһ
һΪǰͷǽʦ
ЩĴʦĸɷǡȣ
ֻɢϢʮֲֿϾ治òɵ
ͻȻ˳һۣĲ֮ǰһߵ顣
ºϾԼ˴ҪôǿαֱڻڰԻ
ԴۣǷҲƣ
ţϾ滹ǵʮȥ
ǹȥ̽ߵʵ
ķӦز¶ôʱ֣ȫûʲô⡣
ֻװģ͸κι˼ˡ
˵ע£Ͼܿߵǰ
ںʯᣬֹϾ֣߳ΪԼֱû߾ǱϾ桢ǿҲվԭؾ䡣
ϾҪ֣ƺ̧ܳƤȻҡҡͷ¶һм
Ͼؿ˲һŭ
ǵһαš
ŭ֮£Ͼˣ
һֻǰץȥ
磡
Ȼһ̡
Ͼ·ܵһػֱֱɳȥײԭŵϣײķѡ
һʱ䣬ȫһļž
͡ġϾ棬Ȼߺɳȥ
û˿γֵġ
£˭һ߾Ǵ˵ɱ˵Ľʦ
û°ɣϽϾ
ֻϾԼؿڣͻȻѪȻһ˲Сˡ
ҲǳӺӲڱһɱ
ϾҲҳˣ˿ֻ𺧡
ǿĸ֣ˮƽɱͽۡʦٴҡͷȻһߵ죬Ҳǿ࣬Ҳûɱ۵ʵ
˭ɱͽ֪ʦ
ʦȣŵÿ˵ݺݶ




1754¡
 

ʦһֻɨȫһۣͿڳôˣ˭ĸ֡
ѾԶϴˡ
ϾԽʦһ֣ͱʦ̽ʵʵ
˾ò˼ǣʦ˵ʵϾࡣ
ôģ
û֪
Ҳܾ棬ΪûаϾϢǰ֪ʦ
ʦȣɱͽ۵˹ʱڳ˵ﵽߵ㡣
ɱ۵֣
һ˵˾衢Ƕ޻̸֮
ǽʦȴ˵ĵ
ʦʵֻչֳɽһǣ˾ɲ⣬ô˵ĻŶȾͺܸˡ
ɱ۵ڴ棬Ǿ˭
Ͼ棬ǿĸ֣Ѿʦų
־κͶּ𣬱ϾԶɱۡ
뵽óֹ˾ô붼벻˭Ǹɱۡ
ֳûһ˻ɵȥ
ԼڿҪҪվ
ֱ˿̣Ȼѭ˫򲻵ѣǱ뱣ֵ͵
ⲢΪ½ʦʵѡˡ
޷ʹкͽʦһսʵ
ôãҪǰＧһ٣Ｇ˫
˫Ϊ˴뱲ӵΪһʱ嶯»ʧܡ
ȻʦѾ֣֮սһȻʽʦ֮
ǵڵʵܹսʤʦҲǲʤԼܿܵش
ʱֵ˿ɲ٣嫣ֱϾ档
ƾһˣһܻס
ǵһ㣬Ǿ䡣
ʦٸߣҲܵϳ
ʦǲжϴˣ
ʱʯῪ˵ˡ
Ͼһ٣Ȼɽʦɱˡ
˶ʯֻǿʦɫ˶λǵһ٣ҪСˡ
ֻʦһɫ֮תסʯӣʲôɱʦ
ʦҾݵλжߣҲΥ֮£Ϊͽܱ𣬾ǾԼˡʯоݵ˵
ֻ˵ʦĻӦȴֻһЦ
ǲһȺ²㡢ķʦҪ濿Ǳ𣬲֪ȵ£
ʦһ䣬ԵŮͻȻǰվһ䶢סʯᣬھʯ᲻Ҫִ¡
ʯʶ˽ʦһϾֶΣ˿壬ĺȵʦĵӸˣǾͲҪַ飡
˵ͬʱְһڡ
һӱ£ѽʦΧסֻʯһ£ͽץ
ʦһĲмÿЩ£ֻӵ˵ͷʾǿԷſ˶֣ùܶԷʲôݡ
ʦıӻһһŮ޿֣ǹЦȻȡһŻɫ
ͷǺҪʩˣһб½ŵʵ
ʯʱ˫ü̷ϵĶǾҪǹˣ
Ȼûмʶķʯȴһ㶼ҵġ
ղûп役ʦγִϾ棬ֻܽʦղŵֶεɷ
ֲ֪ʦӣóŷʲôá
ֻǰǹȫͳ׼ʦӡ
һʱ䣬սŵ˼㡣
졢˾衢ڳˣĿȫŷ֮ϡ
˶֪ŷ϶вСŵ
˳ûһ˿öʲô
ǿ𡢹ⱬŷϣȻӡС󷨣ð棬ŷǽʦĵã֪ͷϻŶ޴ķ
ڳΪ֮ʱ򣬽ʦͽܣпʼдʣɵӶó׼ʩˣ
ʯٴ棬ͬʱǹ
ͷҪǹ𣿡ʮµ·ᵽɤۡ
ΪǽĿŷɢĹâ
ƽһ£
ԭϣзֶ
̩ɽǰλ˾衢һĻ⣬ȥһ±ʦӷ
ۿŷϵĹâԽԽʢʯͻȻһǹ
飡
ʮӵǹһ˲͵˽ʦǰ
ӵٿ죬Ҳֹ˽ʦӵʩ
Ѿʩɹˣ
ŷǼ䱬ʮҫ۵ǿ⣡




1755¡
 

ŷǹⱬ
Ŀǿ⣬˲串
Ƶü˶۾ȼ֡
ǾϾ۾Ҳ޷ڶʱڿĳ
ֻгܵⱬӰȽСܿõʦӣԼһȺµ
ֻЩȫס۾ȥ
ǽܹⱬʧ֮ǰļϹûʲô
ûмʱס۾ˣ϶֢
ڹⱬЧһ˲䣬ӵ뽹ʦӵ塣
ŷϵĵڶ󷨡Чˣ
һ㱡ĹĤסʦӣʮӵĤùĤݽȥʮ㡣
ȻϿӡķʼЧ
ʮӵϤȥ
ʯʲô壬ֻƾ˵ֱӦԼʮΣգе
ˣ
Ȼһ죬ŷӵһ𣬴ӷб
ǿ
ŷϵĵĵ󷨣˲佫Բڵ˺һȫ𿪣
ʯʮ£ӵĶֻһ룬ͱǿɳȥˤ䡣
Ǳܿ˴ӵֻм˱ӵУûʲôˡ
ӴӴ
ʮµ֮󣬷һƬʹ
˿̳ʯỹǿѣ𵹵ıȫͷͣĿʧȥս
̴ӿʼӡ
ọֻ̈̄ܿʮˤڵأһ˲ȫĿɿڴ
Ͼ濴ŻΪɻɢڰеŻɫ۵ͬʱļɵ֮ɫ
ѵءǹʮ¶޵ֵ֮
ٿʵʯᣬ˿Ǻսˡ
Ͼ治뵽ԼܷϵǲǺʯһ
ǽʦʩչġ
ôʦΪָǿ󵽺ֵز
û˸ȥˡ
˿ֻ𺳡־
ʦӸϮĲǡʯһŭ⣬һ߳վ
վûеһʱԽʦǹ
Ϊ֪ԼٿǹҲκβλʢʦ
ɣʦмЦҽʦҪɱ˭ɱ˭˭ʦ
˵仰ٴɨȫһۡ
Ŀÿһӣ˾η֮ɫ˾λС
˵飬ʦǳ⡣
ȵʦһ飬˭ɱͽ۵ģҹ
֪ԼվĻʦܻܿһŭ֮£ɱ䡣
˾衢ǵ־Ͷȵںǻ
ʦʩչĻܻܿ˼޹
ɲϣڳ˾£ϾСǷϼ˫˵ֵˡ
һ̣վԼɱ۵֡
ʱȴվ˳
ʦϢŭ޶ǳǳЦĿڵСŮޣҪҳɱ֣޿Э飬ˡ֮ԣͽܲ졢Ͼʯɱûܶв
ǹޣʦ޵֪һŮˡ
ܹ֮𣬹ռһ빦͡
ܹ޶ôվֻһͨˡ
ô֪жϳ־ģ
ޣֻǰƶϣȴ֪ʦԶҳɱͽ֣ҿ԰ٷְٿ϶־Ⱥ˵У
ʦ֮Ļùһʱ䲻֪δʻӦ
ţʦ˿϶ѵɱ۵֣ǳɣ
ǳôϣߡպϰٸϸ֣Ҳǳɱˡ
ֻǿʦ񣬴ʼնûڳϡ
ôһĴʦһ۾Ϳ졢ϾǶ֣ȴԳһҲ⡣
˹Ϊʵ϶Ͼö࣬벻˽ʦķۣɱ۵ˡ
˼һתٴοڵʦͶأ˵ɱͽܵ־ڴ˼䣬ҲɣֻҵǰΪ׼һݴ񡣡
˵껰֣һװѹŽǴѧŮѧ˳
˾ԼͬͬѧȻްˣһ
ԭǱץߵģԾǾʯᡣ
Ϊǽʦץۣȴû뵽ǹ޸ɵġ
˾޶ԽʦڣΪ⡣
Լ֪޾Ȼ顣
һ̣޳ǡ




1756¡
 

۳֣ʦһ˫΢΢һ
õ۰Ϊ硢ϵˣΪֵ˶ô
ŻǰУҪĿľΪ˴˾ۣнǴѧͬѧ
۱𣬵Ρ
ˮƽģա
ڹ޽۰ܹ׸ʦ֪Ů˵϶򵥡
ֻҪܰץ˵ĻʦŮ˳һͷ
ע⵽ʦɫ仯޺Цʦݴ񣬲֪𣿡
ʦ˵ͷʾԼ⣬ܰץֺŮһҿԴӦһҪ󡣡
û⣬ҾллʦˣľϲҲβס
ĻǣΪ˵õʦһŵ
Һͽʦã϶ֻһҪԺ󻹿԰ѽʦɿɽ
нʦڣû˿вʱΪǵĵŮ
嫣ֻһӰˡ
ԭ嫺͹׳
޵ʱҲ⣬˵ԼԸ嫱Ůˡ
ȴѹȫˡ
޵ľٶ嫲ʹޣʲô˼
޿Ҳ嫣ֻǹŽʦһָ
ޣҳɱͽֺʹŮ˾ŮһȥǴѧץˡ
ʦ˵ţĿ˾ɨ
˾쵱˾
˶ǳţ½ʦ˾֡
ʦĶ֮С
ֻλʦĴӺȡһźɫķ
ŷɢһʮֹϢÿ˿оܲ
ֻһ۾ü
ѵʦҪʩչˣ
ʦֹͣĶˣʯؾ
ʦĻţָźɫϡ
ۼɫɫ΢⣬վڽʦԵĹ޲ȥ
ʦɨȫȻȻԹܹƾҵǰµһ˿ҳɱ֣ԱΪô棬ҾҲ
һ䣬ʦͻȻеĺɫ˳ȥ
ɫƮڰУֹϢɢøˣ˶һֲĸо
ʦָ΢΢һƺڲٿطƮС
ɫƵƮţƮһǰ
ɫƮԼǰˣŵòҶ·𱻺ɫסһ㡣
ЩֻɫǧҪԼǰͣ
Ϊǲ²⣬ɫԼǰͣµĻܿԼͻᱻʦжΪɱ۵֡
һ̣ʱʮֻһӺȥһ͡
ɫƮǰʱ΢ͣһ¡
һݣӲסץסĳ嶯
ȻɫͻȻıƮй켣Ͼǰ
Ͼɫһ䣬һ
оԼ嶯ˡ
źɫʵ̫аˣ
ڷͣǰʱͺһֻȱ˶һ롣
ŷʯǰͣסˡ
㣡ʦ
Ȼ⻰һɫٴλһ켣Ʈʯǰ컨ֻм׵ĵط
ʦҵ𣿡޺ʵ
Ҳһ²⣬ͣ˭ǰ˭֡
źһķûаҳ
ʦһüͷҵԹ԰飬ʧЧ
Ȼ˵еɻȴԽԽ
ɫһֱͷ裬ҲûƮ˭ǰ
ĳ֣ʦԼԤϲ
ٴδ߶ɫϵĹâһ֡
ûмѰ֣ڰٶԽԽ죬·𷢷һ
֪ԼųȻųֶγɹˡ
ھ൱һ
˿۾ȴƾоҵ
һʦԹҲʧȥá
ôǰʩչʧЧʦɫܲÿ߳ŭļ
ӲʵҲ֣ʦǵһʩʧ֡
ߣʦҲ֣ǾɱˣһһʦͻȻ˵˶ʧɫĻ˫ȡŻɫӾҪʩչǿķ
Ҳһȡɫ׼ʩ
ڽʦ׼ɱʱͻȻ֮䣬Ͽĺɫͬ嵽ǰ߶סһͣƮ
֪´ʦľٶҪǽˡ˺һ״̬úɫҵڡ
һ̣˵Ŀ⣬ȫ۶ȥ
һ֮£뾪
ɱ۵ˣȻӵĳ




1757¡
 

ɫͣڳǰƮ˶ˡ
˾衢˾嫣ޡͶϾ棬оʯᣬÿ˶ĵɴ۾ŵĿų
𾪵ģȻһֱѳСֵܵ졣
ҲʱͳΪ׽ˡ
ʳͬͬݣȻڽǴѧû죬Ǽ˯̡
һֱãƤ£زκܡ
Ժɫͣڳǰһ̣𾪵˼㣡
ǰսʦ˵šԹܹҳɱͽܵ֡
Ҳ˵ãǳɱۣ
һʱ䣬ȫ޷Ϣ
˾͸˵ˣȫԭأڶû˷Ӧ
ʱ͵ϣ˵ԼȥϲûӲ
ʱ첢ûа·ϣֻΪ˲Ŷڲ
ѵʱһȥ4㣬Һ۴սһ
תһ룬ǰʱˣǱһҪ
һֱСֵܵˣǿ󵽿һɱۣ
ϣۿʯֵĺΧ֮´ߣ֤۵ʵҲһֵļ
ˣζţǳɱ
Ϊʦķ⣬Ҵˡ
һ룬ߵߣֵܣ£϶ǽʦķϴ֣ôɱġ
һ˵ڷӦˡ
ȷʵԣӵɱ۵ʵ
һظ֣类˲ˡ
ּĸ֣Լ˾Ͻһ˿ߡ
ֻ仰ʦȴһЦ
ҴûмϹˣ
ȻҵԹĿ꣬Ǿ;Բ
Сӣгǰɣ˵ôдķ嶾һѡһְɣ
ʦ˵ţ¶ɫͬʱĿ·𶼱ñ
ҪڻӦȴ˵ʦҶҵֵ֣ܳȵ𲻴Ӧ
һ䣬ͻȻһ嵽ʦǰһʱҪֵӡ
ʶԼʵ൱Ͼ棬ʦһɣ컹ǹϳȥ
óΪʵֻƼˮ꣬ݡ
컹ĵĽֵܣΪ˱ԼȥסʩĽʦ
óļơթ˾衢嫡ȣƵһ̹ĺӡ
վͽʦ֮ŲԽĲࡣ
ȻΪԼ
죬˿ɣñҡ
ȻֵܣһֵܣֵѣԹۣ仰˵ú졣
βԣˡ
Ͼвĸһ˿֮ɫ
ҲǺ첢սһǹֵгĺֵܡ
ȴѡѣվĶ档
жϺֵ֮飬ϾĲǲܵġ
ֻҪԼԸ⣬컹ǻһĶԴ
ͷϾȴûվ
ڲõŷɥġȴú
Ͼ֪ԼҲûʸֵˡ
˵ûУ룡ʦԽԽͷ
Ըͺֻ꣬Ҫɱͽܱù޴˸ȥǴѧץ˾С
˿ȴڳǰʦֻо˸ǳ¡
ˣ߶ˣ
ʦһŷʱ򣬾֪²
׵壬оǿҵģ
ʦһȫë̵
ǼΣյϢ
죬˿һͬȰȥ
һ㶼û˿Ĵ㣬Ҳһ̵ٶжô̬
ѾĿɿڴ
Ϊٶʵ̫ˣͬһ磡
Ȼٿ죬ٶҲܳԽʱ䡣
ʦһע֮ϣȻʩɹ
䣡
һҵը죬ע뷨ŷȻ䱬ǿҵĻ⣡
һ
ûüĶʯ֮䣬ֻܾ˫۵ǰ
Ȼ˱汬ɳȥۿɼٶȱ
ʦ۽ǻһ˿мȻһ̣İ֮ɫʧˡ
ߣ
𣬽һӣɲǼϯһƬ汻ּɨ
Ȼס˵죬һȵվڵϡ
ȫ֮ˣ޲Ϊһֶ𺳣




1758¡ȫ
 

ʦһϱĻƣٻһС
ǿ죬˲俾ӡ
ǳһ֣һøղŻצĻգۼҷ
·ղһƬδֹһ
ϳ֮ǰչֳٶȣǾȫ
£˭ҰһֻԻȵСࣿ
޾ĳ֣ÿ˵̫̫ˡ
˾ΪȫΪȵϽ˿ϱҪжྫʣжྫʡ
Ů˾֮ǰһֱΪʺ˺ãûʲôʵȴסС죬Ҫг
嫡Բ˵Ǳͻߡջϰٵϸ֮ǲǳɵġ
ڰٷְȷˡ
һ־ܴϽʦľ֣Ըߡּ𻹲Ǹһ򵥡
һΪ𾪵ģ졣
վֻ֮оȫ»ۡ
ȻûܵصˣȫƤˣʹͨ˿Գܵסġ
ҲֻӲһԣûзҽС
Ҫǳĳ֣ʱƤ˵ʹࡣ
޷ŵתͷֵܣ㡭
첻֪˿̸˵ʲôá
ٷְȷղžǳһýʦĻɢΡ
һζʲôΪֵ˭
ʮ书һ֣
Ҳ˵СֵܣԭǱǿһεĳ֣
֮ɫ΢΢һЦ죬ҵֵܣһٲΪҳͷ壬ҳˣ
˵ţָϼҪѨλ㼸£ʶҪֵܿٶ̫ˣӦʱ䶼ûС
һ£ڼʶı̬ٶȣٴΪ֮𾪡
ǣѨûʲô⣬ǰˡ
Ѩ֮оԼϵʹʧˣ治ѡ
ز¶û뵽һҽ
һ첻ڽǴѧҽԺײſǸְҵɱСλѨ
ʱһʱжϣǳ׼һɱֵҪѨ
Ȼ˵Լá
룬
ԭԼĵһжûʱľѨ
뵽¶һƿЦԼȷʵ罹ʦ˵ϹˣȻǾ֣
ֵúÿ࣬ĺ֪ݵʲôֵ֣ܵʸûˡԳʽ˵
һЦȻֵܣֺαؼƽݵλ˵һȥɡ
ʮרעԸʦ
ղִ棬˿ţ
֪һֻǽʦһͨˡ
ǶʦԸ졣
˿֮󣬳תͽʦӡ
һ̣˳Ϊ㡣
֮ǰ򽹴ʦĵĹޣڼһĻ
ȳڱ¶ԼʵҲͲٲˡ
Σ书ٸߣ޻ǶԽʦоġ
ֻҪʦʩչɱô˾ߵĸ֣Ҳûκв
Сӣ㵽˭ʦʳ˶֪⡣
ǳش⡣
Ȼ¶ʵû˰ϳ֮ǰԼݡ
ֱ˿̣ռ˫˵ƽ֮ǰǰһݡ
ʦ㲻֪˭ֻҪ֪ɱľС˵ţΧĻֵﲻʺǽսǻطɡ
˵ǲ뽹ʦʩչʱ˼޹
ʦĻ
ܳղһܾ棬λʦûһ书ǿ˷
Ͼһ书ٸߣվǷˡ
ֵܵ
磬ϼΪʦúýѵһСӣʦֱ𣡡ʦӷԸ
һ֪ԭʦӣһ磬һгϼ
ȻǸ꣬ϼŮӵ֡
˶ԽʦĵͷȻסһŻɫʼʩ
һõĻɫǸղŶԸʯʮµ֡
ֻŷ϶һͷĳಲʿ
ַʿҲͷųǿķ
˫üһŷץȥ
ץסһ̣һĪܵľ
ŻɫϣûͷʿӰץסͷ˫ۺݺһգӾѳ飡
ʿӰһ뵹һ
ʦͽܵȻޱȣ




1759¡֮
 

꣡
ͷ˫۵Ĺͷʿľյ÷ĺ
ȫɳĻᱻʿ
ֵܣ쾪֮£ԼжأҪȥ
һ̣˵Ŀٴһ䡣
ֻ˫ץסʿֱۣӲǽ߸˴ϸĴʿֱ۸̧
Ǵıƴ
Զ׼ռϷ磡
ܣʦǵʿٻǧĴʿѵмǧͳϼޱȵĳԾ
֮ǰٻʿĴʿʿһģܰһСá
ӵ˾ĴʿȻѹס
ʦһĻ˸Ĺâ
֪Լǵ͹˳ˮ׼
˵ʵѾԽͨļˡ
ǿĲھҲܿסʿʿͬʱ֡
ȴ
ٶȣһı̬
ʦļкܶѹ׵ķûó
Գ֣Ӿʰˡ
˽ʦǸ˫֣ʮֵĿš
ۿҪװʿѹƣͳϼٴиƮһɫһźɫ
磡
𣡡
ıԹžзֻɽ֮˵
伲磬
Ԫϣγǿ󷨡
ʦͨοĹűڷϿӡֻɽ󷨡
ֻ̫ӼԦˡ
˽ʦ籣ܡ硱óϼܡ֡͡ɽԼϡ
ͳϼͬʱ硱͡ʦŷһǿᣬҲֵܵס
һĻضǳиĲ״
ǳû˴ʧɫ
Уͳϼ΢ǿķҲܷӷٷְٵ
˳ݲȵĽʿӰɢȻһֱȭұߵĳϼ
ϼû뵽ܴʿٶô죬û뵽ȭٶȸ죬һʩδɣҪһȭУ
һߵһϵġ硱˲伤ǿ磬ϯ
ͬʱʦµһϼ̱һ㷨γɵĹĤס
һȭĤϣѴ֮ͽʦĻ֮ϣ
ҲΪʦִ֮䣬ֻüʩչ򵥵Ļ֮
Ϊݵͣͣûгϼͱ硱ǿ˽ȥ
ǼΧαǿεóֵѺۡ
ϵҲε֧顣
ǳ¶ȳƵȫо˼顣
ǿȻûһһ
쿴Ǿֵܵ嵽ôģѾǿӲӵ˰ɣ
ڲӰ֣꣬δǿĺˡ
һߵϾǳԾȫ˵
ʶ֮ǰԼҪ̽ʵ뷨жô޴
ֻСһˣԶԶ޷ƥеģ
ǿ֣ϼʩ֮һںɫϣ̼һĻצȥǿЮһ𣬻ƣѵذשڻˡ
˿̾ڷһ¶Ҫ۳һ̲ˮ
壬ôˣ
һΣõ˼£һƾպʮȭ
ҪӲĽƣ
Ҳȷʵˣ
޿ƥеȭһѸټܿڿɢ
ͳϼٴ¶֮ɫ
˾Ȼǿֵز
ʦķֻɽϣɱһи֡
ȴڷкˡ
ѾķѾˡ
κβ˳ôԼʦ
ʦɫ׳ȥ
Ѳ̶ȣԶԤϡ
£
ʦһͳϼ֪ʦҪԳˡ
˹˵ȥ
һεѹȻ
˶оԼĺ
ǽʦǵѹȸС
ͽʦĳȴ治ɫ
ȻԸͳϼվһЩ
ҪԲ֪˶ǿĽʦ˵ûѹǲܵġ
ǼȻѾֵز֪ԼΨһս
Ҳܽʦһ̣ƽ֮ʱ
ʱع飬صҲѸٻָ
Сӣһ飬㾿˭ʦţ˫ֻ¶ֻ϶ɫķ
һóеɵķ
һ̳ǣϲǮȻӵô
ҪķѳǮơ
һʿղǮ
δֹ֣ٱ
ʦ䣬һɫͻȻâ




1760¡嶾
 

ʦɫԭûпӡκͼ˳һʼΪֻһſհ׷ֽ
ǵɫâһͼڷֳ
ܹͼֱ򼡢Ыӡ֩롢ߡܡ
ɫǽʦղ˵嶾
ŷâһ㰵ɫҲӷƮ
˿ðľȫȥ
Ȼûһ۾Ϳ嶾ƾֱ֪ŷϵ϶ǳ
ֻʱʧȥսֻܴѵֵܣСģ
áȴһս˵Ա
ѣҲַ֪Ӧ
ɫ嶾Ʈʱס˺
һɢķΧֻڽʦʹ»Χסõģ˺ˡ
Сӣ˷žƵ嶾Ҫʬ嵱ƷϣһʬʦĻﴫٶȷԣǿȣƽʬû⣡
ð棬ʦ״ѧôƷַ
ʱ񽹴ʦķʦֱʿҪ
ڽʦΪӦûдﵽڣΪԼΨһӦԷֻ
ţѾΧ£һ֮
Ϊ˲ö졢˾ûѡһ㶾ʼվԭء
ڽʦʮԴ޴Ϊ
ȫΧ֮󣬽ʦʳָ΢΢һ̧мӰ֣Χ۵˿ˡ
⼸Ӱӣʲô
һᵽ޷͸ͫͱսʵжô
Ҳ޷ʹ͸ͫҲǻһֿɡ
̺Ԣ⣬ʵҪͻԼ
Գһ̷ƽӴݵ
һλΰ˵춷˶
뽹ʦս˶Ϊٵԭ޷ʹ͸ͫ춷
ͻƣνҲӦʹ˻ˡ
뵽ɫƽ˸Ȼ󻺻۾
ľٶʦһ£ȫ˶Ϊ֮
ǿоǰʱ̣˾Ȼұ۾
Ҫ˵̫ԴأǺηأ
쿴þ岻ѡ
Լǰĳ֯ĴӪº󲿶ӵֵǺϼʢ˫
֪Լʱǳţڷ֯Ӫʱ޿̶Ҫʮֵרעȡ
ڵΣմʱȣضá
״̬ȴޱȵķɡ
ƾһ㣬֪Լﵽľ磬֪Ҫꡣ
Ҳó˼ĵط
ССֵܣйʲôĴ澭ͷֹˮľ磿
ߣŪ飡ʦȻڳ۾ľٶɲ˶ŵ
һ֮󣬶еļӰͻȻֱֱܶųĶ䡢ǿڡҪλȥ
⼸ӰӴӶʱ˵һ
ԭ⼸ӰӾν嶾
ֻ嶾򼡢Ыӡ֩롢ߺܣȴƽҪµöࡣ
ÿһֻﶼɢаϢֻһ۾͸о
嶾û۾
ƾų仯Ӧֻķй켣
һ̣ʦͻȻоĴˣ
˸˵
·ƾʧһ
ǽʦһվԭأûƶΡ
ΪʲôȴӦĴڣ
ʦδ˹֮£в̶硢ϼԸǵķͻң
ϼ̵ŷ
ʦһץٴȡһɫһźɫӾҪʩչǿķ
ʱϮǰֻͻȻʧȥĿ꣬ڰѡ
΢΢һЦ۾
ԼȻų˺һֶΣѾõԽԽˡ
ʱڣʦȼ޷߶
Ȼ״̬άֺܾá
ֻǶ̶̼ʱ䣬㹻ܶ顣
ɱ嶾ֻ
ʧȥĿ嶾ûκιӻ֣׾پͽն䡣
ΧĶҲʧ
˿һͷˮȫΪʲôٴγֺ󣬶ɢˡ
ʦ˫סࡢ졢֡ŷһٴеӣ˾޷⡣
ղŽʦԳ̬ȣޱȵİÿһ仰Ųм
ôȴ·ʮּɵһ
ֻףʦʶʵСԴһλǿĶ֡




1761¡ֻɽ
 

ӹʿǱ߸߲εĴڡ
ߵǿҲֵʿķ
Խʦ졢Ͼ桢ʯЩǰŻޱȰ
ȥʮ꣬ɱ֣塣
չֳԶϾǸǿʵʦһɴݡ
ֻϧͨߣ䷨˫޵аҽˣǿᵽܹӲ
һ̣ʦòӳʵʩչķ֮һ
ͳϼδԼʦͬʱʩչֻɽĴۼʦҪ֣Ǽڴ֮ɫ
ֻʦټͬʱתȫע롰ֻɽŷ֮ϡ
֮䣬ҹ⻪
ࡢ졢֡ɫâ
֮ģǽʦһȷ
λʦչ¶Ϊ
һݣҲ룬׷հ򽹴ʦȥ
ýʦʩɹ
ԼֵܹסʦҲ˶ðա
ο˾ЩͨˣóʦʩչĲһ
ѡӲĻǾͺɵˡ
գۼѵʦǰŽʦźһȭ
ȻʦڳƵ嶾ʱѿʼʩ
Ƶ嶾ʱ䣬ӡ
ӣýʦʩɹ
ۼһȭʦϸһ˿Ц

¡
硢֡ɽŷϿӡͬʱ
ֻо桢ЮŨŨỤ̃ϯ
ƴķƣóоһϣò𼴽нʦһȭ
Ϊڿ֮УʦɫͻҺɫĹơ
硢֡ɽأʦĵȻͣ
ǧһʱֻ̣ȥâ
ʦ֡ɽ԰뱾ʦƥУСӣڱʦĶŷֻɽ֮£Ҳ
𣿡Ӧ˳ĹΧ
ʦĲٿŷһŷٷܼݣжﱻջ١
ͻȻ֮䣬ʦһ̧
һ˶ͬʯٶȼȥ
㿪һ㣬˱ضꡣ
ǲܣǽȫšһȭ֮ϣһȭ
¡¡
һ졣
򱻳һȭɢĴɴܡ
æܣ콫˾
ڱɢĻѾ޷ͨв
ɴܳȥ֮󣬺ܿɢˡ
׺ٴ˵顣
ʦ˾衢ЩУѾ½ûʲôʩչĶɰķ
ȻԷ֮ɢʦĵⷨǿǲ˼飡
ֻɢȭֻ΢΢е㷢ѡ
ûʲôˡ
ֻһͨ
ڲ￴ľܵϼ׹ʮһֱڴǿĻսʿЩսʿȷʵԽ˷˵ļޣﵽӲӵĵز
ʦղչֳķ¿RPGͲˡ
ȻǱӲĺɢ
ǿˣֻһǾȷѪаۡ
֪аڸԾٹΧˣֲӺʽ׹֧ԮһF35ս
аԽʦаչֶô̬ʵ춼þ档
Ͳһˡ
õǸ߳庣Ļĵһǿаۣ
ǰаۼ˵Ϣ컹ź
֪ԭа̤ϱ֮ܽ·ܵˣǰĳһ𾪵ͺϲ£
һ򣬽ͬڵ򽹴ʦ
һµĴשȳһĽӡ
Ͼ
ߣҿ㻹ܺãʦ˫һ̧һ
ڷļӳ£ٶޱȣ
ԤϣͺһھİԵڲ206бŷע˫ȭ֮ϣ
䣡
һ˫ٴκ齹ʦҹ
ʦ硢ϼͻǿŵɫףȥһ
ı֣ͳϼԼʦļɡ
Ȼ⻹û֮꣬һʦǰ
ҪһƵʦķֻɽ
ٴνʦȴǲŲæָֽһ˲串ȫĹĤҫ۵Ĺâ
ɽĻ֣ȸղŲִ֮ϼϵĻҪǿˣ
˵ɴ۾ųһȭڽʦĻ֮ϣ




1762¡о
 

һɫͻҺɫ⣬ӽʦĻϲϱŷ
һȭ֮ԶʦԤϡ
λʦ۾ڸֳ֮ɫ
ķ󼤷ķ֣ȻһȭһۿɼѺۡ
Ѻۻڲɢ
ܣʦ˾㵣ֻˣ
ȷֻǷ𣿡뽹ʦߵĶţǹһ˿аĻȡ
ʦ˫Ŀһɣ㾿˭ң
ûʸ񡣡һ䣬ͻȻ۾ﺮâէ֣
Ӵһȭ
ʦĻԭֻһѺۣһ÷ֱȭͷеһ㣬Ѹݱ״
˶ɣһ־ҪȭͷӲƿˣ
ʦɫһٱ䣬֪֣ԼҪһ
˫һ̧˲ûʮͬʯ䣡
ʩչǿķʦǼɫ֣Ȼһļ
ʮȷʵƵϿֲ
ȵϢѹȵôԺ
վʮµĳо̩ɽѹѹ
Ȼһ־ƿʦķ֣˿̲òΪѾ̼䵽ͷϡ
һ̣ܾڵ˫ȭͬӰ㲻ʮ
һıŵæס䡣
һĻĳչǰ
ֻһ˫ȭӲĺʮܷٻƵ
һֲֿĻꡣ
ʦķֻɽ󣬾Ƶøɸɾ

ͣЪеĳͽʦڴڴ
սزʦҲľһ
ˣʦû˵˳һ֡
㲻ǷˣǹʦùݳֲǱʣǰʡ
׵׵ıǿ𺳵ˡ
ڳѾսһ˿ãҲܰ֡
ۼʦȡһŻɫٴΰڳ䱸̬
һͼֻͨҪһ㷨ܼķ
ʦһһ˿ע֮ϡ
Ѻĵӷϻûֱȡͷ­
Ϊʦʹʲôû뵽ֻͨķɽ
ľҲ׵¼ѵ
һڣͽ䣬ʦ΢΢һ
Ȼ˵תӣ
硢ϼڻΪʦˣ
ʦӻǵһμʦ򲻹ܣ͵һ±һȭæڽʦһܳ
ʦʱŰܵʱȴǱһʱʮ
ǸеǣȻû׷ȥڵϣѾ۵վסˡ
ֵܣô߹ơ
ȵķ֣˫ȭ֮⣬ϻûʲôˡ
ֻǴľƣߡϢѡ
Է
ǽľ棬İ衣
磬Ҫ׷ʦ𣿡ͶСʵ
·ɵһԼĸ׷׷ƨʦһǾ͵죡
Ͷõͷ۽͵鹬ޣϣ޼ʱᡣ
޼ʦòֻʶӣʧȥ̣ڲϵĻûлˣ
óڵ״̬϶ʮֵľʱ
ˣ޲ΣתͷϾСˣҪǵ˾߾Ҳûһ֣
ҡϾû޵Ļ̳֡
ܳ˿̷ǳǲҶԳ֡
Ϊղչֳʵʵ̫̫ˣ
˵ڼ״̬£ܴӮ
Ͼԥ
ļ٣֪ݼŵĵʱԥ֡
Ͼ棬ɱҾŮˣ仰Ѿ׻ȥˡ
Ŀɿڴ
޾Ȼ棬˵ֻ
˾費֪ԼþúЦ𾪣ڵĴҲܲΪڳ״̬õĸ֣ߵ죬ҲǳϾ档
ֻҪϾԳ֣ɱ죬߾ͳ군ˣ
޵ĻϾ˵Ǽջ
ǲжôԦˣǲҶԳ֣
˫Ŀ⣬Ͼķ
Ͼ棬𱻹Իһλֱ쿪Ȱ˵
ĻϾӵԥ
ʲôǸûõˣޱһ䣬ֿ嫣ؼʱ̣㿿ס嫣ְɣѳ˾ȫɱˣǺǵ£
ɫ䣬ΪͻȻ伫˷ܣȫֹסķ
ݣ޾Ȼ֮Ĺϵ¶




1763¡ͻǹս
 

޵ÿһ仰Ⱦˣڳ˶ˡ
乬޶˵Ļ˾λС
ȻЩҵԽԽƢҲԽԽԴ󣬽һ͹޳ܵĴԽԽࡣ
ĵﻹǰŮ˵ġ
ȴû뵽޹Ȼ
ϾŮ˵Ļ˵ˡ
ֵǣԻͷ˾嫡
һ̣ţǷŭ˼㡣
˾Ҳһȫŵɫ
һֱǶĵĸ
Ϊ嫵ҵڣԽģԽǰ;
־κõĶõˣȻѡӡ
˾û뵽嫾ȻҰйŮˡ
һ˾趼ʵ
λеס嫸оԼȫÿһϸˡ
˷ܵ޷Լ塣
嫣㻹Ÿʲôǹͳе
嫻ع³ֿϾ棬ŰĿתعϣޣղΪʲôҪϾ˵Ļԭֻһ˾ɷŮˣ
嫣ֻǿߣɱϾ治ңǱϾǿˣ
޸ɴ˼ֶζʢ˺á
Ȼ嫱ɹˣż֮ģ΢΢ִװڶȡһѺɫǹ
ǹһóڳ˶ɫ
˸嫣׼ǹѾվˣ
嫽ҧصͷȻǹڶ׼ڵϵĳš
û뵽嫻£̻ǰ׼ǹ
һߵʯȵ嫣ˣǰǹɱˣ
ʯһȣ嫵͵һ
һʱ䵹ˣﻹнǵһʯῴء
ԥ֮£ٴλͷޣѯô
ɴ߲Сڣ嫣Ҫܳɹƿش磬һʯʲô䣬ȫûʯ
ͻȻЩЦŮ˳׵ķˣȻҹȻսɷ
ʱΪĴܺ͹ٷⲻɣ
ǹ޵˫УѾһ˿֮ɫ
̫³ָˡ
ֻҪóϢ֪ԼҲûһ˿ᡣ
Ҳ֪Ļǧѷ꣬ٴκݺҧҪ۶
ʱͻȻŭеģȰԹŮˣȫҿǹ
һ£һźװˢˢȡǹ
ԼҲǹ׼ʮŮ˹ޡ
ǹ˾ߵҲȫַװڶ
ۿһǹսҪٴչʱʧء
ʯٴθȫǹ
ȻûĻ
λ֪ΪͻȻڣľ˫
˶ݵĽֶ֣˼ϢĻᡣ
ֻҪٸһʱ䣬ָܻЩ
ʱΪŮ˱Ѷŭȿǹ
飡
һǹĲǹޣ嫣
ʱ̣ˣȸɵŮ˵˾˵
н䱸͵һ㿪Ȼ׼һǹ
飡
嫿ǹͬʱҲ뿪ǹ
Щ²ȫ׼м˹⿪ǹ˾衣
⼸֮Ȼǹްµָ
߶꣬Ѿ˲ٶĹ¡
ؼʱ̣Ͼ濿סҲסЩ·á
ǹսһ˾˫չǹս
커ų˾棬޶Գ˼ǹ嵲סˡ
ʯʮҲ㵽档
Ըⳡлƴʯֻ̬һǾǸɣ
ЩһֱҪ˾֮ڷжܾˣʡࡣ
ʯ֮󣬿˺벻Զĳһۡ
ֻڵϢûΪͻĻǹսţʯӺ棬ʲôݡ
飡
ǹڼѾ˲ˡ
嫺͹޿һϾһɫԥĲǰޣҲǳˣˣߣ
ԭûżɹɶ㿪
ǹսչúܿ죬úܿ졣
˫˵òʱǹսͣЪˡ
һӺŭޣ嫣ӹ
ȿԼĴɣǸָǶ군˿̹޵ԽԽΪ֪ʱ
ȻڹޱǳŭҪľУȷʵǳ
һֱ˾ˡ
óָǻˣ




1764¡չ
 

˾Լɲô롣
չֳʵϾ̫̫ˡ
ֿȭܽĽʦܡ
ּĸֵ֣סġ
޵Ļɱ˵
˸ƣǱߵΧȥ
˾ߵ˱Ķ࣬ȥɱ˾ֻԼʣµ¹ȥֹ
һǹʣļҲѪ֮С
ҪԼŮ˾ܹȥ
˵ǰʱڳǰֻһˣǾ졣
ٰǹڶԹ޺嫶һۣ˶߳Ǳ߿ȥ
ͬʱȥĻʯʮ
ۼ£ܹʮǹǹڶ׼ʯ˷ǹ
µı£˶ǹ
ߵĻȲ
ʯľ棬ݺݵĵʯһۣϻȻһɱ
ȻĿתسϣСӣ㾿Ǻηʥ֮ǰ֪ɱ˭
ʮǹڣ治ɫȻڵأȴʮʮİնôǹ
Ҷ֪ݿ϶ܲͨͲɱ鷳δȳڣ
鷳һЦǲں˵ЩµĴ鷳ȥˣںСһ˵Сӵʲôˣ
֪ҵʵݣͻȻӹһĨζЦ⡣
˵仰ʱܸӦһɺϤųڿ
ֵˣóھԼݡ
仰˵ĺġ
˾軹ǹޣ죬̫֪ʵݣжô֮⡣
ͷѵݣ
˵ţ˻ǹ
ҿ㻹ʹ˵ɱףʱϢȥ˵˰㱨𣡡
Ǻǣ˵е
ǵһЦ
ּȴݵ̬ԽԽòԾ
ѵСӻʲộ
֪ͽʦһսѾľһܣվվסˣʱھָܻŶԡ
ΪʲôȻ˴ݣ
оԾʱͻȻһСһҪ۶
ֻ֣ƸԼ֮ϡ
򵥵˶׳ʲô
ʮ£ԼϴҪһղŶսʦı֣ǵ̫ˡ
ûһΪСѡǹ
ƸԼ֮⣬ҲûΣն
Сӣ㻹ʲôС
仰û˵ֳָ꣬΢
ͳʱס
ָֻԼѨλ͹ᰴѹ̶̼֮ڣȫһˡ
һ̣쾪ڳ˶ˡ
ʲôֶΣ
Ȼָֻϰѹ£ɸıԼò
ֱС˵Ҫٱ
ϾС˵ݸ֣ҪͨƤߺͻױȼݡ
ֶȴǼ򵥴ֱ
Ȼ𾪵ģǳʩչֶΡ
ǳݡ
繬ޡ˾衢ˣʶſǳݡ
ͻȻ뵽ʲôѿڶôаƬô񣿡
һ˵Ҳˡ
аƬܶ˶ǳȤ˾Ҳ鿴
ôһѣԽԽóʹ˵еа۳
ֻϸںʷ棬ЩǶǡ
ǰչԼݣΪȷʵݡ
˶ڴĻشʱ߽һɡŮɡ
ֻǺͨŮͬǣ߽ɫˣһͷѩ
߶֮ƮȥоĶǵС
ͻȻľŮ˵Ŀ⡣
Ϊʦͳսλ֮ǹսƻһţͨ˿ĻԻŵԶԶ˵ء
λŮȴһ㶼µӣƤ£߹ʮǹڣͣڳǰ
˭ŭʵ
ŮûлͷǶԳ֣Ца۵ˡ
ʲô
ȫ죡
Ů˼˭
ɫŮ˵Ǵ˵еаۣ




1765¡ٰ
 

һƬ㵵Ŀ֮УΨгӦɫŮһЦȻһֻ֣ϡ
Ľڽ⡣Ůö̺С
Ҿ֪ѻ١ЦЦŮվ
ŮǱˣǽϼҶС㣬˫
Ӧ˫֮ʱڤڤ֮УüС϶Ϊ⣬Ż֡
ҲǳΪʲôǰ¶ʵݵԭ
˵˫֮һ˿֮ɫ
ȻЦˣһЦôһ˲䣬ڳǸողɱһ
˫ЦЦȻﵽһͨ΢г
ǳǰЩ֪ᰣֱhûܹͳȫͨĵز
˫ʱΪڽϼʱͻȻѪռǳĻ֮ա
ڼ˫ֵһ̸̣Ӧ뷨
Ӧ˫úԼҲľ˼顣
Ҫ֪˫ϲԼ˫ҲûŮָ֮о
ͨԭ򣬳ͼ˫һʱ䶼벻ס
ҪģǴо֡
ɲܼ˫ʲôˣֻŮȳģȵŮŻ˿ԣŲӣ˵аǣаۣһ޵ͷƳӣ
ôһ˵˾ûмֵ
аţڻĿޱΰġսʤġ
Щ˲ͬ⣬󲿷ֳԹȺں϶а۾ǻĵĵһ֡
ôĵһ֣Ӧü˭˭ŶԣôܶϽʦս
Ҳġ
а۴ָͶ孵¼˻˽öһЩ
ٹΧ˶κβаۣ孵ĵһʦǿʥڣԭһģȺаۻɱ
ʦܺڣԭһȣ
ʦˮƽ϶Ϊĵһʦˡ
ֻˣ硣
а۳ɲܹɵġ˫ת庮Ŀڵ
üͷô֪˭
ڸ֪Ǽ˫ݡ
ΪΪ˫ݵλ϶ȳߵöࡣ
ּĴŮ벻ѡ
ң˫촽һǽϼҶС㼧˫㻹Ϊ˵аۣûпŶ𣿡
Ǽ˫ֳһ
ϴС㣬ôܵˣ
ȻϺԶΪ糬Уûҵ
˵ռֻǼһֱܵ͵ЩȥΣûнӴˡ
ֻ˵ҶС㼧˫ǽϵһŮ
һȻ鴫
˫˵ĻŶȷʵǷǳߵġ
˿Ŀⶼˡ
ǰ˶óһظ֣ûдﵽаּ
˫˵ټϳ¶ݣ˾ǾٲţҲýʵ
ֵ֡ܣǴ˵еаۣǼ
ֵֶ˵˳ˡ
аۣôҺа۳ֵܣ
˵аĿһԽĸ߷壬ֻĤݡ
а˳ܲ
֮ʣΪһĴɡ
а۵ʵˮƽֻȽʦʤһ
ճղŵı֣˵ʲôһǲܵġ
һۣ΢ЦûҾаٰۣ
书
컹ʣȴϣʱ˵
˵˷ˡ
ѵа书󽵣Ϊĳԭ򣬶㵽ˣ
ֿԺܸߡ
˵еаۿһڸ孺裬ң֣
ǰĳȴֿ֮ûУմӴɽ߳ĴƵġ
̫ˣ
Ҳֻʵ󽵣ܽаΪʲôʧȥ˿ʱ
뵽ʱ˷ܲѡ
ܳа֮ʱаͷ
ĵĺʱ
˫ÿһηǿߵ̧̬ͷ­аۣҲ۴С
˱Ļݺһѡ
֪Ǵ˵еа֮Ȼɱ
ǵ죬ˣ
졢Ͼʯ޴
˾͹޲ôΪ
ǹޣھɱʱ
õа۵ͷĪ˵ĵ綼᳼ǷȫģĴмĴָһ磡




1766¡Ҫ
 

뵽ʱڱȥˣްһѡ
ղûԥôȡľ
嫴ʱҲǰûڲѡ
˭뵽常յһССڣȻڻĶ˵аۣ
˵֮󣬼˫Թÿˡ
־
ǹ׼üġ
ʮ´ʱҾǹǿɲҸϴ
ţע֮£˷ܵĿס
ղųҪ˫һѲվΪڵĳܶ㿪ӵ
飡
컹ûüѳ㿪Ѿǹ
Ȼ̾;ˡ
ָֻһ˿ĳ׵Ľӵס
ʵӵӵҲ˲
ֻǿֽӵĶ̫֮£Ҫһǹ
ٸ᣿
ӵָʳָ֮䣬һЦͻȻӵݺݵ˳ȥ
һ˿ĳ棬ɿסָһվԭء
ȻĶͷһѪ
λԴУԼȥӵɱ
һ֣ڳٴΪ֮𺳡
״̬аۣҪɱҲֻڵָ֮䡣
ɱúã˾һʣĵаۣ书Ȼ˫
˾øб˺ܲ˼飬Ҳܶġ
ھã
˼ҿаۣʵ׻ûʸаƨء
һһߵĹ޺ȫˡ
Ϊʧȥƣٴμʶа۵Ŀֲ
Ҳ˵Լǹʵ󽵵аȻûаá
ڣֻܵű˾㡣
Ȼ˾Ŀ嫺͹޿
˾嫡֮飬ٹܡ
ɱֻͼ˫뿪Ҹĵطһʼ˫ҵĽǷҲƽˡ
Ӧ⣬˫ڵ֮ǰҪΪ硢ϵˣѾҵˣǼƽٵؼʵӦòЩ棬ֻǹؼӡ
˵ǣؼǸʦ˵Լ뷨ʦҲҪЩֵˣҪԼΪʦӦ֮ˡ
Ǳˣ߰ɣȥҽʦ˫˵ţҪ߳
Ĳо֣ȫ޹ء
̬仯һٳϡ
ſڣ˽ˡ
һˣά־־ֳǹ⡣
Ѿ˷־ߣ󣬵һʱ͸Ƶꡣ
ΪѾǰã졢ϾͳƵ
֮ǰķڱ೬硢ҪôǱɱģôǱĳλظɱ
Ŀ΢΢
ǹһҪҵˣ졣
άְ£޹˵ȣ̳ȥǹһʮְԵ֮Ŀֻһϣ죬
˵ʲôȴʯȿڵǾ֣һҪץЩӣǶߣ̫ðɣ
ŶʯҲãά峡ǹһ߸ϵĿǣʯе㲻ˬ
ٴһѹˣοǹô༶ʯֻӲͷƤǾ֣ץӣҵְ𡭡
ʲôְʯᣬ㲻ˣǲҪԴ绰ͷŻǹѵ
ҲǸ˼
ʯ룬Ǿȳˡ
¥£嫡Щһʹǡ
ʯʵʵĴ˳ȥǹ⣬Ȼʮڱ೬ߣʮ߹
ߵһ룬ǹĿһ£ͣ½Ų
ɴ۾סߵĳ
ܣǹ⿴һ˲䣬ŵ඼ɤˡ
ǹЦЦĻȡ
ааۣôǹ촽΢΢ʵ
ά˵ͬ
Ϊ¦Ը־֣ǧܺаκǣ
Ҫԭǣа۵ʵ̫ˣ
άֺа۽´ǹ⿴ûбŵɢǿ
Ǿ֣ҿĸ࣬˾Ůıڣʲôֵģڽķʵ
⻰ǹⲻ֪ÿ޻Ц
ԭСǺаͬͬһˣ
ζԤϲġ
뵽¦ֵܾĽǹ˿ֻһ뷨
ѸٳԶаۣ
һȥҪǲйܣ־а۵鴫¦Ǳȥķ־־ֳλӿɾͲˡ
ߣߣǹһӣҪŷ־ˡ
һλϢǿȴŶǾ֣ڵаֻһֻϻûеʵǳô˻ȡܾգ




1767¡ı
 

˵λߣ裬ά־ֵǿ֡
˵ǹ⾪ʵӦаʵ½ˣ
Ǿ֣аڲʵ½Ǵ󽵣ü¶֮⣬㲻ǣҶܸӦаϰûУ
ɣ
²ǹԾʮеǳ档
Ƿ־ֵһ֣ʵӹɣӦҲһһǿ
Ȼ˵Ǿ;д
ʧȥһζʲôʮڱ೬߱κ˶Ҫ
аû壬ǳͺͷûʲô
һʱ䣬ŵþҪ˵ǹ⣬Ĳһ󵨵뷨
Ƿ־³С¦ܾѵ᲻
˵¦ִܾϲ֮£һ󹦡
ʱͿԵ÷Ľϵƶʡȥ־ֳˣҲô
ʱգܾ¦ĸҲпܡ
ǹţһͣסŲ
ҪɱͻȻʶһص⡣
ʧȥһôܹɱ
ȻҲǵһ㣬ǹɫ͵Ǿ֣õģа۵屾Ͷ÷ǳǿܻɱµĳߡߣּĴ򣬾ûκʤ㣡
ǹ꣬˵ͷ
ȷʵ簲˵һߺȣǳ
ˮƽսƻ̹ˡ
һʹøǿ
󲿷һĳߣֻǿȽѡ
ãǾɰԸаֻۣҪаɱˣܾǱߣҸͷȹǹվð֡
ľҲ嫺͹µϣ
Ȼ˶صά֪֮٣֪ǹ˲õĴ
ǹǸϢΣյ˰裬ǵѹȸбڵĳҪǿҡ
˶ϣڰϡ
ǹŰ軹ڶ߻سǰ
аۣû뵽Ҳлƽһ죬ٺ٣
ǹЦʮֵ⣬Դ˵иˡ
ǿȥվάֱּ޳֮ҶǻĹ֣֮
죬û¡ǹƳһۣλƺֱǲڲɵˣаʲô֮ǺҪ˲ţʲô˲ţҪعأа۹ȻԿά֣¶ͣ޷֣ΪˣӦ֪ɡضôҪ
ߣزõģάɱԹй֮ˣӹأ
ֱǰڰֵ죬øǷϻվάֳ׽Ŀˣ
˵ʲôǹ˫۵ɴһ֣ŭסаۣھһֻè븲ά֣裬ϣ
ǣ
費мĿųתҪ֡
Χ˿
һս
һΣܶ˶ýû
ȳղźͽʦսһķѼܣġ
ڰ軹֮жϣѾʧȥһ
˾ǿκߴ
貢żһŪа۵ĸо
аۣǴ˵еа۰
гһգȻᱻŪ
һ뵽һ㣬˷ܵȫͷ֨졣
ֻһ룬۾ߵľɫŮסˡ
˶˿һȥΨ˫վڳߡ
ȡһӵ̣Ȼǹ𵭵Ц⡣
ڳֻгϳ̣Ǽ洫̡
û뵽˫ˡ
ʹ
˫ó̵һ̣֪Ҫʲô
һЦҪȥ̡
ĶðǹⶼúܲԾ
裬ֹǹ⼱æе
ǹԸ趼֪ôȭ⻪̸պһȭ
һȭܹ׺鼧˫е̡
ȭƼ̵һ˲䣬ô֮ϡ
һǿҫĿʥâŶ
һĻڳ֮˾Ŀɿڴ
ֻųʥâȫס
־ڱصõһȭҲͽ޹
ð𺧵Ĳһȭụ̂ӦͻȻӿ
ã辪һȫת£˫֮ϣҪʹǿĳ
Ϊ֪óǸŹ̵ҲûսʤĻᡣ
Ȼһжˡ
ʥâգһڻع飡




1768¡Ϲ
 

һ仰㡣
Ǿǣа۳ݲ
аۿŹӲսһ仰
Ӹ季ٵٷ˵ķǷᡣ
ЩȻһǱа׼̤ڽ£
ٹΧаۣٷӣȴаɱѪɺӣ֪ʧ˶ٸڵľá
孵а۵³Ҳȸõȥ
孵Ķ֣аɱϲˡ
孽ʥڣԭһġǿʦǶԶɼصĴ
а۳ݲ治һ䴵ţĴ󻰡
ʮ֮⣬һ䣺а֮衣
жٶСаۣΪаڸ孴սˣʵˣսаۣնаѹ
죬а۵ĸֶһˣά־ֵһ֡ڱ߰衣
һȫعʱ辪״ȫһƬհס
ڷĸӦڴ˿̷Ϊȱ㡣
Ӧǿˣǰ֪Σգжϵ˵ʵ
ҲΪˣǿӦ񾭶սĶ֣ô˾ͻΪĵĿ־δսȰܡ
ڵİ裬״
ȫסˣͷƤŵٵڲϵĲս
ָȫʢʵа۳ѹȸ̩ɽѹǻ΢΢ȥ޷
ֵͬ̿ģǹʮڱ೬ߡ
ǰһƬʥâɢ߳ǹԳ
ֻ˿̵ĳȻһ˫ȣһϢƽ񵭣ȴ˸ܵǹɿаȻʣ
ȫȻͬʳһϣ˵𺳸ǳɱӵġ
Ψм˫֪Ϊʲôʱ仯
Ϊһ·ɽաĥ£ȼӣַԽɽȵǶɽۣҲȣȻϴ֮ܲ仯
նһ⾳ߵʫʣâЬʤ˭£һƽ
װ󣬹һϱ֮ܽ·ʫ⾳޶¡
˵ҲͱûȻһ¡
а֮ڱ棬ǿӡڹС֮ʱʱչа֮磡
ĳһֱֹˮѾؼʦļ˫òΪ֮Ŀѣԡ
˸˵˾衢ޡ졢ϾЩˣ˿̶һԳĤݵĳ嶯
˾Ů˾ǳ׳ˣֱ磬ܿᡣ
ͳľȣֱʲô
裬㲻˵аѾʵôڣǹò˵仰ֻ˵ʱֹסĴ
ѾµϺѪɫֳôشˣ
ǰ֪аʱָܻȫʢʵǽһٸӣҶа۳֡
ղĺݻͳųȥˣﻢµʱ֪ԼĽ֣ǱȽϷ־ֵĳҪҡ
ôҪҳ𣿡ŵͷȥİ裬Ϸʵʵղǲ룬аɱаۣµľʱ
Ŀһ£뷨汻ˡ
˿̲κα⡣
ͻȻͨһԳ
аۣԲҾǸɵѣֵʸûУҰɣղŻšŵİ裬˵͹תۼͷ
ǹʮоԼϹ̵̹ģ˴˼ʮ°ƣַ·վڳϱɹһ졣
ά־ֵ棬Ҫˣ
ϾǷ־ֵһְ裬а۳ùġ
ﻹĸ֣Һͳһս
ûп裬Ҳȥ
Ŀⶨڲ֪ά־־ֳǹϡ
Ǿ֣ĺǰܲϹذ
ļǹȫ޷Ӧ
һ̣ǹֻоϷ̡࣬ʲô˵
Σʵ̫ˣ
ȫˣȥô¦ֽܾ
ƫƫ軹ڲ֪߳ܵģаۡа۴ˣɱңԺҸУ
а֮ǰְԵֶΣʵ̫̿ˡ
ھʵ־ǰά־ֵһ֣Ѿ档
Ŀ˹ڵϵİһۣάٰ֣ǹɱأ
ҡʱĿɿڴ
û뵽Ҫ
Ҫܣ
Ҳ޷ش
ǹааۣ㡢㲻Ҫֻ̫Ҫάֺܾ͸־ָ־Ҳܡ
ž




1769¡¦
 

ǹ⻰δ˵꣬һĶ
ĸǹһƣȻᣡ¦в˵ֶΣ㵹ѧò
ǹԼ˵Լ˵ٸһƣֻܸŭԡ
úãȲʵʲôά֣ӻûȺӢµǸɵͦ
ֳ⣬άֱʹ⣬һȺڱ೬ȫĶͷȥ
̫ˣ
ǹ⣬绰¦⣬Ҫġûдɱڳά־ֳԱˣô
ǹ˵ȴǾ첻ѣ㡢ʲô
뵽ղ˵Ҫάֽ壬ǹ䲻ԤС
ϻʹ򡣡
Ǿ֣㲻򣡡ڵϵİ裬ŷгվҪȥǹֻ
ǹΪԼСӦ죬˵ͳֻͨ¦ĵ绰
Ǿ֣ңʲô°绰ܿ촫¦
¦֮ǰ߸ϡ
ǹû̻ش𣬶ǿȴָʾ
΢͸¦˵־ߡ
ǹʱԥԭΪԼӵ绰û뵽ȻҪ¦˵
ܵеĺ⣬ǹֻӲͷƤڵ¦ܾ֣а۳ˣ
ʲô绰ͷ¦ڰ칫ɳһվɫ˲ˣǹ⣬ҿЦ
¦ܾ֣治ǸЦ
ǹɬζװġ
֮ǰǱа۳ϹϵҲܴ绰Цаı־ˣھڸ¤ʡʡǡ
ǾԶ㣬аۺпȥμӵڶϷǧΪа۶֯ϣ¦ؾ
ǹһһɿˣ¦ܾ֣аھǰ
ǹ仰¦ʮӡ
֮ǰǧ־ǧаκι
û뵽ż¹ȥ־־ϳˡ
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˵֮󣬳Ҷ˵绰
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ǹɫȿ޻Ҫѿ
аۣŹǰɣǺԩ޳ͲܶŅ̀𣿡




1770¡
 

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ɴľܾ
Աߵ죬ֵŶˣ˶ʽ㣬˳һɱսѵķ֯ɡ
ǹ³׵ᣬԼôά־ֵľֳǽǵһּҪϹϾ
ȴҪһȥ
֮־棬ʵҪ¦ܾǱߵԭ
һеǹ⣬˿е¦ˣάֱԺаۺͽ⣬¦ڻϿ
ڳҪʲôֻʲôҲӡ
аۣ㡭첻֪˵ʲôá
Ҳ֪ԼܲܰѳСֵܿ
죬㲻ԼһΪҳͷȻ壬άƽʱ£ǰǸ֪֯ⷸ֯飬άְֵ֮ڡ
άֵĻΧڹڣ֯ȫ絽ִ
ڳܹά־֣ɾͲܽⷸ֯ڲάְ֮ˡ
¦϶Ӳ֪Ӧԡ
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ڳĻǹ⽥ľ
ھͺͰһԼɳĹֻҪܱסС
ǾͶлˣֵܣϲ
άֵɱ˾ǿ̫ˡ
άְæ飬°빦ܿͿΪս˾ɱ
Ըǹ󣬳ֿ˾衢嫺͹һۡ
˾æڳЦܹʶ˵еаۣζ顣
ǳλнύ̫Ŀ⣬ֻ˾ͣ룬Ȼ嫺͹ϡ
͵ŮģȰǹ⻹Ҫ̿֡
ϾʵݣԶԶȲάֵˡ
һ嫡ŵû궼Ҫˡ
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а۴ˣŹǣ
ͨ嫡£ġ
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嫡Сɫó֣ɴཻǵһʯᡣ
嫡һ˰ء
˶֪ԼҰȫˡ
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ԭװϾ棬ʱ亹ֱ
뵽Լ֮ǰȻźʹ˵еа۽֣Ͼĺ²ѡ
ģϾû嫹Գġ
ֵܣܷܲϾһһаĻᡣϾ
룬΢΢һЦȻ˵Ȼû⣬Ͼ棬ЭǸ֯ɡ
ла۲ɱ֮Ͼ洭һڴ
˼룬͸оԼˮһ
󣬳˫ǳɣҵʦΪ㻯
š˫˵ͷͳһſȥ
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˾Ů˾Ҳ߳
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˵¥£ֻʯھƵһ¥ſš
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άֵ˾Ȼڳ棬һԳʮֹӡ
ѵѾаˣ
ʯ֪άֵĸַǳǾִôֳǶϽʦбʤİա
ղͽʦֻڲ֮䣬ΪʲôˮƽаۣάֱϹϾ
ǹάֳԱʱֺȴͷɥ֮Ȯʯῴò˼
ʯᣬ嫺͹޾ͽˣݺ󣬰嫡Ƶʯǰ
ʯ
Ͼ˾衣
ʯᣬնˣΪа۴˰¡ǹʯỹץˣ
ǹ˵ʯ˲ʲô
Ҳû˵һ仰ת嫹޴ϳɴնӡ
·һȥҽʦһȥǸⷸ֯ʱ
ͼ˫ǹĳ⿪ȥ
άӦнʦʿϰɣһϳͿʡ
ǹæشеġеģЩ꣬ʦֻǶܾˣѼϣ֪ʦóɽɽһһƵᣬǵĶӸΪͽܣǻɽʦ̤׻ĳĿģһֱڼ
ŶǼӳʲôûʵ
ǹе㲻˼ʦȸˣٹأĿǰû̽ƵеĿġ
ǾͲ̽ˣֻҪ֪ʦסֱӴȥСֱ
άôõ֯ˣʡµöࡣ
ļӱ棬½ʦɽҲӦɽϡ




1771¡
 

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ʦܣӻԼϳϢĿ
Ǿȥɽǹɽ򿪡
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ȻҪȥǹֻܳ䵱˾
ųͻȻʲôѵˣɽϳ˽ʦ֮⣬λΪ޷ߡ
˵˵ԭĿǹôһ˵Ȥ
Ӵ޷ıɽһǡ
޷ߣȦİʿȫͬġ
ǹ˵ɽϻλ޷ߣԡ˼˵λ޷ߣʿͬһˡ
֪λ޷Ѿʲô磬ڻڡ
ڵĻɽҪСˡ
ܶ˶֪Ǹ¤ʡɽϣû书֣кųơ顯λ޷ʦСָǽʦλֱĵŽӣĵŽˣɹá
޷ߣ㶼𣿡øȤˡ
ʦƷˮƽûʱϸˮ׼
˳ʶһ£ʲôˮ׼
ֶΣǳõаҽؼ٣ǳء
⣬꣬޷аֶΡ
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ǹҡҡͷ˵˽ʦ֮⣬ӡ˺Ͱɹãǰ¶ݣǳԼĶǰȥɽÿͣýǶſʮ֮ڣ˭ðĻض⵽ϳ͡
άֳҲ𣿡΢졣
ǹε־ֻߣ顯λʦʵǾǿǸǿд붴λʦֳǷ־ֿ϶ʧء
ԭˡʱͽʦ֣ʹжϳʦʵ֮¡
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Ҳ˵նλĻʦΪ͵ġ
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꣬˵ͷ˼
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ھǲ֪޷ߵΪж
һڣ֣ͺܲöԸˡ
˫ǳֿǣɫΪԷһǻȲ޷ߵʵɣҲϣɽκΣա
άֶˣΨһķʽɽһ̽תͷż˫ϢĲ΢΢һЦԸΪʮðɽʲô
˫ţӹһ˿ǳǳĺΣԼôһ˲䣬ȻĶĸо
Ҳ֪ǲΪʶջһľɣŲ֪Ϊ֮ġ
ͷܿ챻˫ǿĨȥ
Լռͳ֮䣬ûһ˿ԡ
Լ̫ˡ
ʻϵǹ⣬ðԾ档
֪Ůͳ֮便ʲôϵ˵ĶԻһ빲ζ
акüλǵĺ֪ǹ⻹֪߻ôһλŮ
ʼ˫ݣӲסˡ
аǰ죬졣
Ǿ͡һɽɡ˫ջѡͳˡ
΢Цͷ˲˵
ڳϢСʱ֮󣬳ٴ۾ĿĵؾͿ쵽ˡ
һƬΰɽӳ֮С
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ǹ˵ɽżλ޷ˣͼ˫е⡣
˵ΪʼԯƵۣɽ߹ι֮֮
ʼʡĽ١
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֮⣬Ϊ֮һ
С˵ɶռһϯ֮ء
Ȼͳû䣬ɸǲڣÿɽεοͻʤ




1772¡
 

󲿷οͣɽʤġ
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ǹе֪ÿ궼һЩ֮ˣɽλʦʩǵҩ
νǰɹһЩͨԵС
˵ЩС̺ķҩͷһ߶оôųٵȵȡ
ȻλʦɲʩЩȥ
ʱƴľǲˡ
ǮƴǮƴǮ˲һܳΪǸ˶
ΪЩֶͨŪһЩϣ֮ǮƣλʦƫЩϡ
ǹ˵ЩϢ֮󣬳ͼ˫³
ǹ⻹аάֳԱһɽʱ˫ˣǼҵĽֻһ˹˲ܻܿõĽȻҲЩάֵһɽһսǽֶܵƽ⡣
ˡ⼧˫˵ĻȫûתͷǹԸǻȥЭ죬ˣʲôеĻҾȲƽ־֣
ǲңǹϽͷ
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һǣǹԼʵѾ¦Թǵ¦ûдάֺа۵ĹϵЩֵµҲͲø¦ʧ򵥡
һȥа۷ԸЭ죡
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۸񣬲Ƭļ۸񣬶ļ۸
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˫߲ԥһ£Լ֡
˫֪Ҫһʱȴ֪òýӡ




1773¡ǣ
 

ͼ˫֮գͻȻٴα΢
ΪŮӣ˫ȳøࡣ
ȻһʼͱԼĿģ⿿
ȥ϶ңһ˫ҲһǳŮ
ʵϣ۵ʱ֮ļ˫ûжʾκر˼
ڽһ֮ҲûзĽ
ֱС˫Ϊռһ£־˳һ˲ύ
ڳԣ˫ĴˣҪ˵ѣȴ㲻ϡ
֮ǳᰵĶʽ˫ͻȻֳǿбƳ׼ᰶ顣
˿Ϊ˫Գ⣬ڶѪٶ
ʵֱһ·˫ͳ֮䣬ûĦһ˿𻨡
űǳǰҡ˫ռȻ̤ϱ֮ܽ·
УڲǶ˺ͱߵĹϵһͬѵζ
ʱ˲ųΪԻཻġĺѡ
ĳ˫Ҳǳĺ֪
ֻǺͳ֪ͬǣ˫ʼûжԳ㺡
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˫Լؼʦ֮ÿÿѪָһܿ͸ţ־׶鰮
ƫƫ˳ƽʵ˸ˡ
Թ˰ӢۣĸŮӲΪа۵ľ˫㵹أ
˫ԼΪʱ΢΢һ¡
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ΪһµŮˣ˫Ƭ֮󣬺ܿԵЦһ˿Ρ
֮ãǱԲģҵЩ֪ô
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˵ĶԻеĪ
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ֶΣ˫ȻóʹԼ飬ָоǺġ
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һ֮󣬼˫뻹Ǿ˵ʲô
ұҪһ£ҵռ֮䷢ʲôԻˣ֮Ľ㡭
˫˵̫࣬ѵҳּһһ𣿡Цҳò˶ΪĶڵҪݳ嶯ټ򵥲ˡ
ȻԼû⣬˫¶֮ɫ
аۣʵˣȻԼĶˣ
뵽һ㣬˫һŷûͨͨ
ҧԼǧҪ롣




1774¡
 

˫˫δҪΪһ֮ʦŮˣһֱŻĵĹ˺δʱ򣬾ԲʲôŮ˽飡
и飬˫һŷƽ
ȻȡЦ㻹˵ԼǼһһܲΪ˺㶩飬ҳʮ֪ͶƱˣ㺦
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Ҳ֪õʲôַ˫ֻоԼ˿ЦЦҲ޲Ϊֹǵ˶ûܣ΢΢
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׾ͱܿˣЦĵղ˭Ҹĳƺţɫ۵İҰȡĳƺ£Ǻܷɫ𣿡
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ǡԽԽˣػɣ֣˫Դǡġʡ
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˫167CM53KGر󲿷ŮӷĲλԣһ167CM53KGͨŮʵеֵġ
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һ53KGŮӣһѹûУɽƽأͨÿҪöࡣ
ͼ˫˺ܶο͵ע⣬ż˫ߵľٶ֮󣬸οΪ֮̾




1775¡θ
 

οУʮ˲㼡УȻʮɵıŮɽֻ˵ܡ̫̬ˡ
Ůѣ϶ܡҸ
˼ҡ˼ңһŮԼһ£еģ˼ܱŮɽأ·ʮӣϢСʱ㻹ǲˣ˵ȥʽֲߣûã
Ůͷѵ⣬΢һ仰ҷż˫ɽľٶˡ
һ˽ɣԼû߼ǶʮСӣ֮Ĳôô
Ϻǣ˵֣㻹ˣҪ˼ǸҵĴ˯ھͱˣŮٴȫѵ⣬õͷȥİ̾ǳлŮѹϵһ
Ů˵ܴһҲܻˣ˫
ɫͨ죬Ӷˡ
ȻֻҪͳοͣͳһ¡
ȻȫҪЩÿͽͳ壬ĸое㲻˼
ұţⷢһЩСĦܼ˫֪ǹģɫҲɵԽԽ졣
ÿһϵļ˫ͻһ£ΧοͼʵӶˡ
Ϊ˫ʵ̫𱬡̫Ʒ
һһߵģĽӴܣ޸ȴֻгһܣοֻܸɰͰ͵Ŀţܲʣ
һļƷĴŮ˵аǲܵģڵѹסа𣬾һһߡ
˫ֻоԼȹһʮ֮ڵһĿĵأҲǽʦĶ
˫ҧ촽ԼȻ
ϵ糺컹δˣβס⡣
¼˫˫εգЦͷ׳ˣẦ߰
㣡
һ仰ü˫Բ
ĲףһֱУλɫŮĵġ
ŮľԼһͷڷףǳʹ˵ܲ
˫עܿ챻ǰĳסˡ
ǰȥԼʮ׵ľ룬ǽʦĶ
ʣָͨ˵ء
ʦʵûУĵطʵ䲻϶֡
ֻͨУʦ޵ˣͺ졣
ɽοͣѽʦסΪ
˿̽ʦĶ֮ǰ˼ʮΡ䡢̬ŮŮ
⼸ʮŮһͬ㣬ȫǸ
ͼ˫һˣЩǮ˿϶ҽʦ·ġ
ʮ׿ĵطһ䡣
ʮŮУвٴװƤµĸȿֺ涪
һЩģȻһ֧Ʊ
֧ƱдĶ֣΢һ߰˸㡣
еĸŶſڸߺʦҸ޵ܶõĲϣһŰݷõĻᣡ
Ҳź׷״Լ˶ʱǮ޵ô˲ϡ
ŽգȫûлӦ
͸ͫһȻѨɵĶ棬ȻóģֻһۿȥʦС
ƺпռ䣬ʦܿڶ͸̫ͫԶһʱ޷ȷʦǲӻԼϳˡ
ȻҪȷҲܼ򵥣ֱӴȥ˾ǡ
ţ˼˫һϡ
˾Ҫ߹붴ſʮ׵ľ롣
ʮ֮ˣͼ˫Ϊˡ
Ǵû˴֮ˣȻƻɽλʦµĹأ
ǲҪˣ
ιʲôһԲĸʵ
󣬻վݵıڡ
ת˸һۣҽȥҽʦôˣ
㻹ôˣ󸻺·ʲôʮֿЦ飬ʦڶ澲ޣ󵨴룬Ǵ˽ʦǾҪл
ҽȥҽʦθɣĻӦһ䡣
󸻺ʱŭȻйϵҽʦŽʦޣ˼ңǽʦԸͷ𣿡
˵öԣü߸͵
΢΢üȻɿüͷ˷ʱЩͨ˷ϻҪֱſȥ
ס󸻺
Ǽ䣬׳ڣܵǰ־Ҫסѳɽȥ
ֻϧǸ֪Ǻε
ֻûһ£׳ھɽϹˤ˸ס
ղŻԳǳĸ˲ɫ䡣
𾪣ĸˣ




1776¡
 

һ棬üǿ׳ˤɽȥһĻʮޱ𾪣ɽϵοҲΪ֮Ȼ
Щͨˣγ֡
ǼڹοǶΪǱԼˤȥġ
ʰ󸻺ı֮󣬳俴һۡ
Ѹñ亹죬һ̣ˡ
ż˫ͷҲصʦĶȥ
ʮ߼ĸҽȥҽʦٴδס
Ǻ³ŭ˽ʦ޷󵽽ʦķ
ȴûһ˸ȥ
ֻĿųߵſڣľš
СΪԼ书ǿ͸ӲʦĶǿôˣһԼʮֻ˵
󵽽ʦĸʱͺܵͣʦһ¶һͳʮŷ
Щ߻ֻ뿴ȥ󱻽ʦһɽϡ
ľŽ붴󣬽˫
ɨһۣĿûнʦӰ
ԼĶ˴ʦȻûóͼ˫еЩ졣
ѵʦڶ棿˫ʵ
ҿԺܿ϶˵ΪҸоõĴų˵ţȥǽȥҰɡ
á˫ͷڳ
֮ǰ²ʦʱ֮󣬾ʹӻصɽĶ
ʱʦӣڶҡ
е磬ڰｹʦ׼ƷϣŮӳϼһЩ
Ϊǳȥ˲ٷرڶԸʱ
ʦûһֵǵɫʱܣ˳ԼѾ̽ʵʵˡ
λ׼Ÿǿķȥҳˡ
ֻǽʦû뵽ûȥҳѾǰ
ʦһϵȷʱͻȻ΢ĽŲ
ţʦ΢΢üͷ
οͣӦòԴĶŶԡ
ЩȨ֮ˣûоͬ£͸Ӳҽˡ
ѵλʦݷ
ܹͬ⣬ֱӽ붴ģʦȥҲֻкͬɽĵӡ˺Ͱɹˡ
磬ȥ˭ˣ
ʦķԸͷǣʦͳȥ
ԼҲΪпǵӡ˻߰ɹݷʦ
˺޽䱸ȥ
óͼ˫ߵҵǰ
ҵľźľͬżɫķ
ֻҪǿд붴ңľϵķͻἤ󷨡
ʹǿӲֶƽľϵķ󣬵ͻȻ֨ѽһľŴˣ˳
ݷá˲λʦǲǰʦܵĳǼŵɫ䡣
̬ˣȻˣ
һζЦ⣬ĸӦȻûд
˵ĴųڣҲ˵ʦӶ档
ʦˣˣ羪һתͷܡ
ûˤ˸ʺ
ȻǳĽ
ˤǰʦɫһ䣬⿴ȥһ۽͵һ
ǸӲ˳
Сӣû뵽һûȥˣ͸ߣãʦŭ
Ϊĳ֣ץ˾ĸѧļƻӺżǴ棬Ķӡ
鴫ȥɾͲôˡ
ٴζϳʦаٷ֮ٵİգؾܹóķ֮¡
λʦΪ̡
˽ʦʮ㣬ΪѰ·
ʦ֮㲻żɽȻ
仰ʦƤһ֪ЩֵˣΪ˶ȡǵ
ûںܺ棬ڷϵǳ֮㵽׵ʲôУȤʵ
⣬ʦȻش
ͺаҽУһ
ڳΪʲôֻ֪֮Ҫ΢һ룬֪϶й¶ȥġ
Сӣ֪̫ˣҲʲôˣȻҴ͸С
ʦһ䣬硢ϼΪʦ󣡡
ǣϼѸסһźɫ
ʦһ£˵ͽʦͬʱзϵ󷨣
һ΢ӳͼ˫
ţʲôҲʲôҲжʧˡ




1777¡ٴ
 

ųͼ˫·ϹӰվԭأʦЦҵܹڵ˵ӾʹԸֶߣΪãСӣ㽫õ
Ȼͼ˫ˣʦʩ֮ˣֻҪԸ⣬ԼĻ
ȻշЧʩ֮˵Ҳ޷ʩ֮˵ķλ
˫ΪͨˣʦĻ֮Ĳһ˿ţڵ͸оԼһ첻ŵصĺڰһ־ᶨŮܿͻĸо
ָоĻʩ֮˲֣еҲΪ־
˫һֱԳʵоģ֪˿̳ǷҲһӾʹ
ʦ˵껰һиֽС߹
һ㶯÷򵥴ֱķĥ
ͳϼҲ֪ʦ뷨όʦСѳһϵ֮󣬾ͻǽиЧ
ʱǿȴܸܵȫ֮ʹ
̶ֲǹŴʮ֮һ
ֻǵʦҪߵǰʱͻȻһæ˿Ȼתס
ʦ֮ԳԾΪȻͻȻ֣סԱ߼˫
˫ʧȥоס
ʦϼȴ
ΪʲôǸ֮󣬻ס˫֡
һĻʵ̫ǵˡ
ʦѵСӲǵӰ죿ŵʵ
ʦоɲûлشӵ⡣
ס˫֮Ҳû
ߣСֻǿŷλжǸŮ˵λãûʲôôСֵģ磬ȥͱһ
ʦȻˣԷһǾõȥ̽ʵ
һһ˿״ʦҡҲҹȥ
ûõķ㲻ȥѵóϼȥʦ֮⣬ϼŮģΪеܱŮ˻С
ʦĿⶢסֻӲͷƤӹСսս߹ȥ
һż˫󣬷·𱻶һ㡣
һֻڳǰ˻ΣֳȫûǵӴ
ҧҧٵǰ䣬һǺݵġ
һ̣ɳȥײҵһľϡ
ֻһţͰ߷ˡ
ȻûʧȥӾʹ
ǿܣȫӰ졣
Ҿ㽹ʦǺͬʿܹǿҲ͸ͫһơ
˿̳ǿ͸ͫʦӵľٶһ
ס˫ֻŪһ½ʦѡ
类߷֮󣬽ʦ𾪣֪ԭԳûãȡһ֮һ
ʦù𣿡һЦȻת˫֮ϣɾͽɹɢ
ͬʱЧҲˣ˫ܹؼ
ʦʮЧͬķһ֮תܣ
һţʦ»ܽź̽Źϣӵˡ
Ӷ˫ƣƵʦʮ
ֻ½ʦӣöϼ֣ץ˫־ŷȥ
ѱһŷϵΪϼֵվԭأоż˫ʱԼͻȻ¡
òһ㷨һָƵøɸɾ
ټ
仰ǿƿţż˫һ׷ʦ
ϼһڴ˵ϰһۣԥһԼˡ
ʦ⣬һȺߺο׼αȴû뵽ȿģȻǴӶƳĽʦ
ֻǽʦɷǣǱӴܡ
ô£
˿һ±ơ
ʦ𵲱ʦ·ʦܻҲԼ֮ǰάֶ
ղǸĴ󸻺˿̻ڣӭЦʵʦôˣʲôҪæ𣿡
Ұ̣
иһĳ׷ţʦĸ֣ͣڱһס룬˷ʱ䡣
˽ʦŭһ־һŵͼһ󸻺к

һţ󸻺ͷҽУȺͷӬת




1778¡Σն
 

ʦ󸻺һɽȥ
ҪȥλʦһԸ
󸻺ŻæóȪˮ󸻺ãŰѻ潽
ͼ˫׷󣬱Ϊʦߡ
󸻺Ĳҽ󣬳̴ż˫ͷܵſڡ
οǾĿֽ붴ĳȻһ¶ûС
ѵѽʦģ
ô£
ٴ±ơ
ʦĸˣɨһۺʵ
ܶ˶һش𣬱ϾʦеĵλǺܸߵġ
㽹ʦղΪǻǲ׵ｹʦ
ǸʦһеĴ󸻺˿̰ѽʦ޽˹ʹָ򣺡ʦˣ
һۣղûгͽʦˡ
ֻ˵Ӧ졣
˫ðˣΪ˿׷Ͻʦһѱס˫ɽϷɱ
˫һһ˫ֽ§סĲӣԴڳĻֻо߷Ȳ̧ͷҲҿߵľɫ
Ϊٶʵ̫ˣ
οǾĿȥֻܿһӰɽȥӰ·˲ƶһʯϲϱ÷λżʱʹʧ
ɽľԱһĻ°ͶҪ
ȳӰײ֮ŶڶοͻִеΣնģ£
ȻûһĻοǺһȥ
Ҫȥ֣
ڻģȱľǿֵˡ
οεֿ϶رÿ
οȿֺܣԱסֻͬάֺþ
ż˫һһ߾ĿĹˣûзֽʦӰ
νߣɽǽʦϳʦܵʱ򣬵ȻѡΪȫ·
˳žɽܣǺɵûʲô
ԽʦɽСݾ
ֻɽλ޷߲֪·
˾ٺãҲʦӰֻʱͣ
ɡ˫ź촽˵
ͻȻ仰ԼѾ˵ˡ
Ȼسûз»еĽˣǴһ˿Ǹ˵һҪܣͲ÷ˣԵõϢ
㡭˫ɫһ죬֪˵ʲôá
Ȼ˵еţⲻӾ˵϶ǵòϢġ
ǵĽӴôСԺõɬѡ
Ȼ˫εúܺãûпһ˵뽹ʦӦûӶԶο̫࣬ųӣʱӦķλ
ʦӦȥλʦˣȥڶɡ˫ܿ顣
˵öԣǾȥ˵Ķ
˫ѣٴΰȷɱ
Ӻ󣬱˶ſڡ
ͽʦĶſһۼͽȨ֮ˡ
ſΧŶˣƿȺֱӴ˵Ķ
ǣ˲档
鶴һҲûзֱж졣
ѵˣţ߳ܵһȺο͵Χۡ
ЩοѾõϢʦһ˴ԼĶ׷ɽܡ
ο͵һɫŮ
˺ܿɽο֪ͣͽʦ顣
Сӣ˭ȻսɽλʦӴúܰ
οǷ׷׺ʡ
ҲǣֱӵĶȥ
ͲţҲˡ
ӣͼ˫Ӷſڡ
ʮǣӾȻҲڡ
ǹ֮ǰ˵ɽλ޷ߣ˽ʦ֮⣬˶߶
˺͵ͬʱǼܷ顣
˳뵽һֿܣʦ֪ͨ뿪Ż
ʦٶȣܱŶԡ
벻ԭ򣬳ֻһҲɽߵİɹöȥ
ɹõĶɽվܹο޼
ܹȫģ϶һʵˣߣ޷ߡ
ż˫ڶ͵ɽԾ֮͵ϰɹöſڵ¡
һ˶ſ˵ע
վ˶һʵʱĸС
Сһ¾ˡ
˶Ϊ
Щ˵УһЩɵӡ
˫˶Щ˿ǵܲԾ
һ˴Źŵʽ·ԵñȽر
˴ӵһɫ۵ţҶʮֹ
ͷһµһľȣȥӣʱʱĿ
˫۾κ˿ˣž濴ꡣ
֮ĵ΢Ȼ
Ϊһ۾ͿҲһλ޷ߡ




1779¡
 

޷֮󣬳Ĳһ⡣
һ޷Ұɹʲô
ѵҲЩǮһΪɹô
ţɹöſȥ
ϣͼ˫ſΧŵ
վס
׼ȥ
վˣȫһʵֻϧڳУЩ˺֮ǰۼڽʦſڵͨûʲô
˳Ҳǣż˫Ҫǿߡ
ȿȣλСѣҲʿɣȵͻȻڣˣȻó޷֮ˡ
óˡ
ѵҲһӵĳó̺
û
ֱԲĳˡ
ѹǲŶ˵ʲô
Ҫģҵʦ
СѣֹһҲɹͽģӦþذɹãڴĵȴ
˵ףԭҰɹðʦġ
ֻǿŵͣʦҲûʲôˡ
ҰɹҪ£鷳ǽһ¡
Ųû˿üͷ޵ʮ꣬ڸ¤һȦһ˶һţɹãҪԡ£ٴεȺʮʱʾ𾴣㵹ûûСعأɹɽλʦ֮ףֵ΢ĩСʿܼ𣿡
Ŵ˻һΧ֮ȫڽĿų
ԭЩ˻ΪôǿֱſʿʵӦúǿŶԡ
˵΢ĩǾͺܿŶûеİʿ
ߣڳ֮ġ
׽ȦӶȥȻɹã
ν֪ߵغˡ
ֻЩ˺ͷһⲻ֪˷ŵĻ뷢Ц
Ϊ˵Լ޵ʮ꣬һΪʵҲͱȽʦӸһ㡣
Ҳ˵ʮ꣬ʵ޵ȥˣ
ִᣬһѡ
ûһ츳Ǯƺʱѻ޷õܴͻƵġ
Ȼ츳֮ˡ
ɹɹãɹҲΪͽ
ô츳ôͣĸʦῴϣ
ֻǳƲ˵ƣӼΪȥˡ
ǷǾ䡰ɹɽλʦ֮סóõһϢ
Ǿɽĸ޷ߵʵǰնλøߵŵġ
ֻǲ֪Ϊһİɹãﵽʲôˮ׼
Էź˵ӣֻ΢΢ҡͷҪż˫߽
㲢ûаĻȥһõ棬иŭ⣬Ҳգʶһ£
һȫĿ¶ڴ֮ɫ
һ׽ȦȷʵС
˵һܹҰ޵Ļٻˡ
ȻŹһãͷƮһƵ̻ûߵ״

߻ǿͣ
˵ľ̾÷ϸһ˿⡣
ǰ¶һ֣ǵΪż
Ǵڰɹǰһ¡
žɹûǿõʩչ
ɹҲó
ƾһ㣬Լһбضܱɹÿϡ
ҳ߻Ǻ󣬷žָ߻Ǳٶȼ˹
ٴҡͷֻһץץסߵߴ磬Ȼһɫǵ߱Ļɢ
ôܣ𺧡
ĳȻڳǰһ
һ֣ȫ˶ˡ
㡢㵽ʿѹʵ
һ̣Ѿ뵽ܶණ
ҲһСҪôǺͰɹͬ޵ˣҪôǰɹõʲôҡ
ûлشŵĻͼ˫򶴸ſڣû˸
Ŀͳ߽ȥеӹһ˿⡣
ܳһֺܾˣǲΪǰɹõĶ֡
Ͼ̫ˣɹɽǱʮ޷ʦһܺλʦĵãΪ֪Ѿߵʲôز
οǶѰɹõɣŲ˵һš
ڷϣðɹͿֱӰʦˡ
ֻǳɹõĶ֮󣬻Ǻ֮ǰˡӵĶһûпһӰ
˫ɻĿڵ֣ôɣ޷߶ˣ
벻ܷɺϣӦǽʦ֪ͨ뿪˻֮Ըҡ
˵ԼĲ²⡣
ʵû´
ʦ֮ǰͳʾķˡӺͰɹá
ֻҪɽϳǿУʦͻἤŷ




1780¡Ĵʦ
 

ˡӺͰɹÿʦ͸ǵķͻȻȼҲζǿ
ʱλ޷߾ͻᵽԼõĵصϣȻӦС
ڰɹõĶһȦûзʲôмֵıֻܸ˫߳
Ȼ߳ǳһ
ţΪڶͰɹôսһû뵽ôͳˡ
ɹأʮ־ɵʵ
һΣûлش⣬ٴα˫Ծ£Ᾱʯȥ
ԥһ£¸ϡ
ֻºֻСץʯһ̽
ͼ˫ѵصοڵɽϡ
ɽɽߵͷһ˹ٳƽ̨
ƽ̨ɹοϢԼվɽ羰
ǽɽƽ̨ȴûмο͸վ档
Ϊܶ˶ۿɽλĴʦȻһͬɽƽ̨
һĻο𺳡˷ܲѣ
ЩοȫɽϣΧɽƽ̨վŵλʦ
еο͵ӱȽϴ󣬸վƽ̨Ե
ֻλʦɸ죬нʦӺͽ˶ŵۣɽ£Ȼɷǵ̬οǼ˸ɼ
ɹһλòŮӣһ°׵۳г欵ġ
ɹúλʦվһοǸѰɹõ޵ˣᵱϲŷװεŮ
λʦɫ࣬վһƺʲô飬οȫܺ档
ʲôӣλʦȻһ֣̫ˣ
ѵһ֣ҪҪȥλʦ±
ɵλʦҪʲô£Ǳ˭ȥ˭ɵӣ
οһ˵ֻס󱦵
λʦûи˵˼Щοһͷһλʦݡ
˵᲻ǸŮһСѰλʦһ𿹵У
ʲôôҪλʦֲܴܣ
˷׷ײ²
Ƕ̫߹ǸС˰ɣ˵ʲôʦСӴҿԶﴫ
ǱܵģһͷűӴŻ
ӣǱʦһеǸ󸻺
˿뽹ʦαǰ
û뵽ʦȻλʦ
¾Ǹ˹ٸߣҪ군
һá
󸻺ͻȻоԼһ¡
뷢ŭתͷһ־Ȼǳͼ˫
󸻺һһæÿˡ
һãΧȥοȫԹ
ǵǿ˫վһĳ֮ȫĸ·
ͼ˫ɵɽƽ̨
󣬺ķŻаɹöЩˣҲȫߵƽ̨ԵΧۡ
˵λʦɽƽ̨Ȼʮ־档
޾λʦʱиǸ֮ɫ
˭ʿֱλ޷ʦ
ܳŶó˾٣Ǽ
ɽϵλ޷ʦǻȦһɲɺӵ޷
ȻλʦûйͽΪ֣ǱЭᶼҪɵ֡
Эĸ᳤ӣɽλʦȴ˾ܾˡ
ֻжʵ԰ʿʱܾЭ
ֻǷŵܹ޷ߣȴɽλʦʵࡣ
ܹ֮λʦȻѾλʦΪ
֮ǰǹ˵λ޷ߵΪӵ͵ߣֱǽʦˡӺͰɹá
ʦ˺͵ӵʵΪ塣
òİɹãó࿴һۡ
ȻóȵģǰɹòΪһȥĵãȻнӽڵʵ
ɹõʵòһǾֻ˵Ů޵츳ǳߡ
⣬ɹһó͸
һ㾿ʲôһʱҲӦ
λ޷ߵʱĶ԰ɹð־衣
¾ǽ˵ĳλ޷ߣһ޽Ƿ׵ʿȻʵ
ʿóĵӡ
δȳش𣬽ʦŭ˵ӵѣˣСӾǳλһ֮Сɱˣ
ѣӣСӰ˰һ޿ڵ
ȻóĽˣͽʦͲ࣬ȵἸꡣ




1781¡Χ
 

˵껰󣬰ɹҲˣòŮǹһ˿ЦͦرһС磬Ÿ˶һɾ£ͽʦ˵ɷܴء
ʦʮ˵Լһԣ֪Сӵж̬ˡ
ȻɹõΪǿһأ򲻸Ұﻰ˵ġ
ýʦ˵ɹõ磬Ҳʦµ߰˰ˡ
ڰɹУ㽹ʦ˵ǵľС
Ӧͨʿ񣬲ûпΪжߡ
ʱû䣬һ޷ߣҲУڶʮͻڡ
԰ɹʮֵó֡
˺͵ӾͱȽˣΪʦʹǣֻҪǰæһԸºܵõʦƵĶ
޷߶һۣЦſڵӵѣȳֻȣ
ӱýȳ֣Ϊýһ˶Ըѹ
ʦûһֵ˼æѵλѣС书úܣܹҵķ󹥻öԸλһְɣ
Ŷķܿס
ӺͽΪ⡣
Ȼʦ˵˵ԳõĿ϶ǵͼ
˶óˣҲ˵ʦԼĵȻԳɲһ˺
罹ʦԣȷʵС
Ӻͽٴζһۣ˿ҪҪְѳˡ
ݣɽοΧۡ
ЩοͿֶԸһˣȥĴʦҪΪ
ҲΪʲôɹôʼգûǺ֡
ڵӺͽԥʱ򣬳ͻȻ俪ڵֻҽʦһˣλĻͱ£
˻һӡ˺Ͱɹɫһ䡣
ɽϴһƬ֮
ʵ̫ˣ
ȫλʦ
ȻԳԼ˵ûʲôλʦοȴǿûߣ
СӣԼʵŰЦֻϧվǷˣûʸǰô񣡡
Ŷ𣿡ˣȻҪｹʦУܰǵĵʩչɣҵҪνɽĴʦʲôˮ׼
Ӱ˿ĴʦԸ֮ˡ
Ǳﳹŭˡ
ӻһ䣬ӵȡһɫƿ
ʶһҵĵ
ڵӴƿͬʱҲȡԼĶŷһɫС
ɹÿ˶̲ס̾һѵѣĽⶦѼˣϲɺأ
ʮ꣬ûʲôɺϲġڰɹǰǺǫ顣
ֻȡⶦŽⶦתɢ⡣
ɽϵοȫĿѣԡ
Ǵ˵еķ
οǶɽǲˡ
Ӻͽ˶׼֣ʦԼҲóһֽ׼һΧ
ָȫʢʵĳλ޷ߣʼնһƵ֮ɫ
Ҫ˫ҲмŽλ޷߻ܡ
ҳλ޷ȶ֡
ֻӴƿȡһźɫҩ븹У
͸ܹͫĿڷұ仯ǿŵҩͷ·˷ܼһ㣬õӵһ̷
ӦһЧĵҩĲ²
ڵӵսͨ״̬ǿһ롣
˵ַͱȽϼ򵥴ֱˣһⶦɵȻ˴󺰵ٴٴ󣡡
֣ԭֻħСĽⶦȻǴΣɺ͹ŴͭСľ޶
ⶦ֮󣬽ǹԵ֮⣬·һųͻȻһȥ
ȥһⶦ͵䣡
ͬһʱ䣬ӿ°Ǽһİ
ʩչģǹŴʿɱ˵ֶΣ
⻹û꣬ʦҲˣ
һŷֲͬԵķ󹥻һ
Ψаɹûг֣һԾĿš
ϡʦķֻʦѳô֮£ų
ðɹΪǣλʦȻ治ɫվԭء
ݶðɹòò߿һۡ
ɹûûйָ߹ʵ
ôҪôأٲֵĻСɾҪ˰ɹţڴҪôӦԡ
λ޷ߵ֣ɹþԼС




1782¡ȫѹ
 

һܵ˼ûУӲӡ˺ͽʦΧ
յĽɹΪֻһǾǳˡ
ȻһĻðɹó׶ԳĿ࿴
ֻתһס˫ڻ
һֻճȭͷҹĽⶦȥ
ˣ
һ죬ⶦһȭɣ
ŵģǵӵͽʦķ
ȭΪƣԺɨǧɨȥ˵ɨøɸɾͷ·𵤳Ӻͽʦδһ
ǰɹȴס̺ĵ档
֪ǳķ
δֺɨһеĶط
£ɹڲ֮С
ɹöΪֶ𣬵ӡ˺ͽʦ͸˵ˡ
нΪ𾪵ġ
Ľⶦ֮ǧټķӳ֣Ӱȥܰѵҳһӡ
ǳȴһȭĽⶦɣ
˵̬ʲôز
ԭýʦʣ飬֪ԭĺܱ̬
ﻹŸŮһȭһƣƵ˵Χ
ɽϵοǣȫɵˡ
Щͨԭλʦķ𺳵Ըӡ
ǳһֱ֣ӰôһƬհס
ڽʦʶǿԵһʱ䷴ӦԽ˺͵ӽеλѣΧСӲ˶õģ
˺͵ȻѾԳ֣ûͣĵֻܼȥ
ֻаɹòԾ
һֻ뷨Ǿλѣпܰڳ
ȥһȣɵĽⶦٴηɻ
һΣⶦǶģѳס
һ̷ŵҩɫ˲Ǻ죬Բð̣Ҳ֪һ˲˶ٱ
ҩ֮ͻȻŭĿԲſһ£ӿ³һߣ
һȻѾ浤ȥˣϱɹÿðԳ档
⾻һȽʦһҪԶΧ۵οͶо棬ÿ˶ܸܵ¶˲
лλѣ
ʦӺͽ˶ٱʵҲʹóһŽɫ
СӣҵĽ𾫽ͽѵѵĽⶦϣɱ֮˫εֵ
˵仰ͬʱʦڽɫע뷨һɫ޽ӷиֶȻͽⶦһųͷն䣡
ƣҲֻ΢΢üͷ
ʦ˵û֮Уɱ
ⶦͽ𾫽Ϲɱ֮Űڳеļ˫ֻоƤ·𱻵ʹĺߣҲֻܶԳø
ټϵӵľҲǹԼǿķλʦѹ׾Уó¶һ˿֮ɫ
һһȶ˲ѹסⶦ𾫽ɱ֮⣬Լƣ
һ̣ݶ˾ƾƣõɷλʦȻʧɫ
ֻ˫ȼܰ棬˫ǰһƣΧĿɲǼ䱻ѹ÷Ʊ죡
ⶦͽ𾫽û壬ͱһƵѹڰвϲ
ӵľ漤䵽;·һεǽҲ޷һ
⻹û꣬˫ٶȷݣλ޷δ߶޷ǵѹ׷г
ͻȻϸ΢ÿ˶С
˺ͽʦͬʱгⲻܣ
𾪵ķ֣ⶦͽ𾫽ȻһѺۣ
ǿסˣ
صһ죬ⶦȱѣ
𾫽ĽΪһ˿˿ɫ⣬ɢڰС
ʦĽ𾫽Ҳ֮ѿ
ǵӱǻң
ܵƣľȻ
ûмʱԼľյһͷüëˣ
ڰɹüʱһŽ
Ľ𾪵ȫĿɿڴ
λʦΧȻܵó׵ס
һɵվԭأӸûʲôġ
ӡ˺ͽʦģһֿͬ־֮С
ˣô򵥣Ǳǿһε޷ߣ
ֻǳԸܶˣʩչʲôֱߵķʽӦԶѡ
ʦҪ𣿡Ŀʵ
仰ýʦз
ʵ˵ȫѹͽˣеӡ
Ψһϣֻаɹˡ
ɹãĴʦݺ֣ʦĶ԰ɹ˵
Ȼʦ˵ɹûǲԸ׳֡
Ϊչֳʵȷʵܿ¡
ڰɹòòϣϡС֡
λʦȷʵһʼԼãɽǿ˱ͬ顣
ɹòΥ壬Ȩһ֮󣬻Ǿͳһս
֮ԼΪԼսʤĿܡ
һɹ˫һգһӾȻӺɫɫ
³ڸоɹϲԾĵط




1783¡
 

ɹ۾Ӻɫɫӡ˺ͽʦˣ֪ĴʦΪ֮ˣҪˡ
оɹϵĲԾ֮ڿȷʲô
Ǿǰɹŷ˵Ϣ
ͨɹõ۾ɫ仯ܸܵһ㡣
ѵòãȻǺǳĵһʱĲ²⡣
ܿˡ
Ϊϡʱܹε
аҽصϣ֪ΪٸĴҲҪǧܻΡ
˵䣬һǧڻΣ꣬չһİ顣
ǹŴﴫ˵һ
ִѾǳԶ
˳ջ϶ɹԶԶûдﵽεʵ
ҰɹϳϢĻ˵Ϣ
һֿܣɹĳطԼ۾ɫͬʱӵϢ
뵽õڶֿԸ
ɽλ޷ߣһһа죬ȫʿ
Ϊߵĵİɹа֮ҲΪ档
ֻɹգգǳɫӣǹһĵЦ⡣
һգۡһ΢ЦɽΧ۵οȫסˡ
ɲΪɹ÷ǳƯòסˡ
Ͼڰɹö棬иòļ˫ء
ͨ˼ŮȻΪ֮ޣڱԵһմ״
ٿʦӺͽ˴ʱӰɹõ֪жΣ
һ룬ɽοͷ·һ㣬һȻԼںδıɹõգۺЦԵˣ
üһװɹöȫ֮ʩչƺ֮ķ
ڻĵĴ˵УΪʱ򾭳ҹ꾫ֻҪ꾫˫ۣͻ״̬ɺ꾫ߡ
ڰɹʩչַۣȻҲۣûдŷЧ
ʦӺͽ˶ӵȻͨεֵˣ
һΧ۵οһڵϣ׻Թȥ
ʵɹòûЩͨʩŷɫ۾ҪǶס
ֻοǿɹ˫۾ðɹʩѾԵˡ
ǳһʱ俪͸ͫܰɹõȻ
ѵĶڳءɹȻһЦĳ˾ȣĶֹڳˣֱƽǿ֮ˡ
˰ɹöԳ˵ơ
俴Űɹõʲôа֮
ѶҵĶܸȤôǲ絽ҵĶһǺúýһɣ
˿̵İɹãÿһ仰żȻ֮Ǽ˫˶زס
ȻΪؼʦǱͨǿܶģ˻ǿվڳߡ
֪ɹõ룬ֻȻһ֣Ȼ㲻˵Ҿʹ˵Ϊֹ
һ䣬һ˲ɹǰ
棬׵ľ롣
룬ɹ˫۾ܹ
˳ͰɹĿԣһ񱻹ĸо
òõĹȻ˵ã
ͻȻǰɹÿƳһʵ򲻻Ųæ°׵ȡһųһ
һ̺ŰɹõķҪĿڱǡ
ϣһץסɹõķҪץ顣
һץ֮һҪˡ
ͻȻһǿķóòɿȥ
һ£Ĳ˸ľ档
ΪɹõķȻ֮ǰжϵĻҪǿ
͸ͫһɨɹ壬ŷ֣ڵķڲϱǣ
ô£
ûɹʩչκǿɹҲû񵤳̷ҩǿ
͸֮ͫ£һǿۿžҪͻڣ
ɹãܵס𣿡
ŶȻµѿˣɹõľȳ֪οڲϱǵģµѹȻʵǷȻˣҲӦףǰʤ㡣
𣿡
ǹЦ
Ȼɹڷϱǣվ޷ͻڡ
Գ²⣬ɹֻĳʱ÷Ըʵɹøûͻڵʵ
ֻǰɹʱﵽ޽ӽڵʵһϵȷԲܿסղһС
ڰɹŷǣҲﵽǰزϴ˿Իκһǿʿսʤ
µѣǿҾΪɹ÷ŵĽЦһҲһĵá




1784¡ɲ
 

ʦ˺͵ɹ˵Ľ
һֱͰɹýΪ£һɹǸƷˣһ͹ˣɹûǸ޷ߣܺһλòŮʿҹҹ˫޵Ļɽϱңɡ
޶û뵽ɹһֱԼĵһ˫ޣȴҪճΪ¯ǵȻԳĽˣ
ֻ¯³Ǳեɡ
ɹõĻڼ˫˫ֻúòҪ
е㵣ĳıɹץ⡰Ū
аۣΪŮ˽
뵽˫ֻϣղűɹûˣʵɹá
˫ɫֱ仯ɹ̲סЦ˶ҾͰͳµһץҵĶʱҹޣؿͻ
ɹãĻεͦЦһ۵֮ϡ
ǺǣµѻҾϲӣ
ɹٴЦȻһˢһƬ׹ֹ
ӭ֮׹ƬƬɢһ
ɹһֱСȴû뵽ܹ׽ķ
ǣ
ɹͻȻһƷȻӭǣԽԽҷϵëԽԽȥһβ͡
ֻβֳִǵԼʮ׵ʱ򣬲ͣ
ɹ÷һ˦βֱȡ棬ڰд˸Ҫͼ˫ס
ǳɺβͽ˫ƣǰĳ
βɫ棬ëȼгһɹսζ
˫סͣһѣһ߳Ļ
ɹõķûĺβͣܿͱĵýڽڴϣһƬƬëкܿȼմ
ôܵشǰɹжʿʵҲܲסһֻ۾ѴɫΪɫȻڵаҪɢˡ
ɹһ˿ϢĻᣬĶϺβ֮Ӱһٴɹǰһץסɹõĺ
ɹú޷ֻ֮ɳסҪ
λòã֪Լʤ㣬һ˫ӳĿųĹó֮ġ
ʧȥаӳֵĵãĹۣȻ
¡µѣˣſҡɹüԼĹЧֻܾӺ³֮
ֻɿ֣ûзſɹá
ͬʱɨʦӺͽˡ
޷߿ò
˿𺧿־֮ɫ
ԭΪ֮ٺΪߵİɹһսذɡ
ҰɹøղҲȷʵչֳǿġ
޷߶û뵽ɹðܸٶȣҲͱһ㡣
ˣǿ󵽺ֵز
ʦ뵽Լ֮ǰڽǺͳ֣ΪѾ̽ʵȴû뵽ʵɲ⡣
֪ԼҪˡ
¡µѣֻҪһԸ⵱¯׳ԪҵĶ˫֮Ϊɹ׳һջ
ȻΪ
Ҫ˵˫֮ɹõĶܱȵаҽУ
ϴаҽΣŮ˫޹һʮơƳ³µ˫޷š
ֻǳһֱûлá
й֮ʵƳΡۣǿԳаҽ˫֮
ڵ鵹ǿԣĹϵûзչһ
ɹᵽ˫֮ʱŻȥƶʡ֮󣬸ÿŰаҽ˫޷ˡ
ϾһܹٽΪĺù
µѣҰɹþƭ㣬ң
ɹüһֱΪֲŮɫ֣׵Ļˡ
ڰɹԽԽ־ʱȴ
Ȼ󣬿Ҳɹһۡ
ʦӦ֪ôˣ
һ˿һʣýʦ亹졣
ͨһʦڳǰֵ̿ĵûץ˾Ůĸѧ֮޷ɹҪҽ֮Ҳû취һɣ
ߣͷɲŽʦ˵Ļ
һָڽʦϣŵýʦ˲ɢ
֮³ֻһ
ҽϽ
ؽʦƭˣ˫ֲͳһķֽʲôɫС
ɹáӺͽ˼Щȫ¶֮ɫ
ǴûмʦķֽǵļʶҲЩֽϿӡʲô




1785¡֮
 

⡢ͨǵ֮Ƴ
ʦʵʵĽ
ʱǿͻƣǰ˥ϣûɻˣ⼸Ҷûʲôܹ
ҺҵõɽʿУмƵţҽźǵںһ𣬴󡣡
ΪУҪԼӶ꣬޷ƾյõģñ˵Լ
ҲȥץйˣʮǿУÿһһԪ
ʮץˣʮ֮󣬲ſʼ÷󣬸Լ
ΪʮһÿһŶܳɹ
룬ԭ취š
аҽﶼûʦȴɽʿõˡ
ɽڹŴɼʥء
ذɹáӺͽ˵ĶŷѧɽʿС
ɽĹʿܿܲɡ
ΪʦõţȻҪñ˵Ԫʮܵһꡣ
ַӣ̫ˡ
ʦ캦飬㾹Ҳóƴʦŭһ䣬뵽ʮ˵ˣٴγʵʮôˣ
Ϣŭֻǽÿʮûɱǣ֮Ҿͷɽˣʦæͷ
һʦʮù
ʦڵѪò֡
ʮƳֻܰ׸
ҿ԰ȥץˣٰʮˣһ̣ʦڡ
˾ĸǴѧѧץǾͺͽʦˡ
Ȼµ顣
ֻǼȻʦѾʮţðײá
ߣʦǲ֪ڸˣ룬ǲҪϼһɱ
ʮ÷˻ڽʦϵָ
ʦȫһŵòӡ
֤㻹ãʵʵĸҲ󣡡
ǡǣʦæӦͻȻʮֺ棬ᣬûЧֻܸԪʣá
ʱɹÿڵʦǲɵûµѵŮѾͷ׷Ҳ³µѾΪ˸Ů㡣
ʦһ㶣Ȼ̧ͷ˫
Ȼõ˫һͷ˫ݻᣬʶΪ˫Ⱦġ
ӺͽҲΪ
ֻаɹÿһ˿ߣϾŮ˵ģŮˡ
Ҳǳѡ˫ȳԼͳĹϵȻ۳
¶ͬ񣬼˫˵˵ʵǣĵаۣǽϼҶС㼧˫
µǴ˵еаۣ
λ޷ߣȫˡ
ڸղΧ۵οͣɹõȻΣڿ϶֮
ҲûбԵݰɹΪʦķš
˫˵Ǵ˵еаۣоκˡ
ǸˣȻаۣ
˲оһڣΡ
аһɹáӺͽ¡
ɽλʦȫڳǰԳޱȵľη
ҪЩʿľηĤݡ
ֻ뾡Ｇ˫Ȼȥƶʡ޾ɺá
˵
˰֣ĸ޷ԥһ£վ
ɹãµûҪＧ˫˵ţ򽹴ʦھܲ𣿡
ﲻ̫㡭ܷƲҵĶʦСʾ
ĽʦˣʲôĻ˵ͷýʦ·
ܿ죬ͼ˫ĸ޷ߣػؽʦĶ
߽֮󣬽ʦϼˡ
ҲȥӣֻԼΪ
а۴ˣ󣬲ߵΪԽߣļɹʾԽߣһĻʮŷȫɹ
ڳΪʦֻ뵽һݣɽֹ
ԭԼʮֻܼʮš
óĻǼһ¶׾١
ʼɣؽʦϣﲼ
ʦ󷨷λʮĸ䡣
ʮγһԲȦ
뼧СվġʦԼ˫˵
˫ûվȥеŵĿ
İɣڣ㲻µġ΢Ц
˵˫о࣬ߵĵվס




1786¡ٳɹ
 

ȼ˫վú󣬳ֿ򽹴ʦ
ڼ֮ǰýʦ˵ȫ̡
ֻ˽󷨵תԭ͹죬Żýʦ
ʦֻʵʵȫг
֮˼һ飬û⣬ͽʦһ𣬸ʮע뷨
ԭʦǲ֮ˣֻΪĸ
һʮŷֽâ
ųʼнʦ˵ķܿ죬ҵĹӰһ仯
ʱâţʱڰ֮УԼԼз·ӰǽɹáӺͽǣõߴ͵üŵ
Щͺдλ޷һƤ
Ϊˣ󷨼ı仯Ӧǿҵġ
֮漰̫֮Ķˣֻءʱ䡢ųȵȡ
֮Ϊߣͻǳȶ
ĿǰΪֹһжڳƿ֮С
ͻȻ֮䣬ҵĹӰȻֹʮ뼤һޱȵĹâڼ˫ϡ
һ̣˫·Щâ͸һˡ
ûзʹҲûгκ쳣ٶʮâһ㡣
ھΪŵʱֻ̣Ҫʮâȫ˫գҲζż˫ɹ
ʦһԿޱʹʮȫ˫ȥˣ
ʱһһȥСʱ֮ʮŷֽͻȻһͬѳƬﲻϷ衣
ֽ֮У˫۾оԼһЩʲô

˫һͷ±ںڷǹοЦ⡣
֮ɹˣ
˫ԭʮ֮ǰȥõʮ
Ȼʮִǲ㳤ʮʱ䣬ͿȥѰҲҪ֮
а۴˹ȻΪϲС㣡ɹǡôķе
˫סԼ㷢һ¶ޱϲɫ
Ȼһ˫ĿųллΪǼҵĽʹ˻⡣
ǹͬŬĽ΢΢һЦ˿оԼһᣬֵõ
˫Ц߹˵ʲôס촽
ʱʤ˫ͳ˵Ĭ̶ȣѾﵽ㲻˵Ҳ²µóԷʲôĳ̶ȡ
ͼ˫һۺ󣬳򽹴ʦ
ţʦæͷĻֲ̿
ҽһϵӴ˲캦֮¡˵ţڽʦ㼸¡
ʦоԼڷйʧʱ˪ӣˡ
ла۴˲ɱ֮
ȻʧȥΪǳʦǹ˫ֱϹϾĶԳл
ųֿʿһۣҪͼ˫ȥ
а۴ˣȵȣɹÿܷҶһúôлһ
룬Ӧ
ɽλ޷ߣֻаɹһȤ
Ϊһ㣬Ҳûʲôⷨõ֮󣬾Ҳù޷ߵ顣
ɹòһղźͰɹýʱΪɹõʲôа
Ȼɹ˵ÿһ¡
ˡӺͽʦҲȥ
ûǸ˼
ɹöģֻгͼ˫
ɹͼ˫¡
֮ǰɹõĶֻɹöһЩС
ЩСﲻԳٴνҲЩСһۡ
Ǽ˫ɹ֮˺ܶ࣬ȤĿһӡꡢɽè˿ȸ
ЩСﳤúܿɰŮϲ
Сϲһֻҿ͸㡣ɹòԹɫڵ
˫΢Цҡͷû
ֱʵɹãʲôţΪʲôʩչʱϻ
а۴ˣܲţҾΣμԼһһֻ꣬ҵõɽУҵĻǺͺںһҲǺתĻعǲɹġɹ÷ǳĻش
ͼ˫¶֮ɫ
ϾȻš
ȷʵޱȡ
˫ָһ㣬ȻɹãξȻġ
һ档
˫Ѿﵽһǳߵˮ׼ȻռҲ˵ɹ˵Ļû١
ɹһЦȻԴźĵϧʱϡҲǿĺںϣֻѰͻڣַ֮ǰѾ˵ˣ˫֮
˵˫֮󣬰ɹÿųͼ˫񣬱
Ȼ޵ߣ˫Ҳν˫ޣʲô˼
ɹһˮﲨ˫




1787¡
 

룬а۴Ӧþͨ˫һɣۺӯӯˮɹֱĿųʵ
˵ĻȻûа¶ǵĵطȴġ
˫ͬʱ룬òõĹȵϳǸŮˡ
Ȼ˫ֻΣһУһƶʡᰵĶϡ
ɹʣɫȻĻش˫֮ҵȻֻ֪ûʵ
ףаȺƣǹɫĴŮȻûʵ˫֮˶֮ɹʵޣʵȴİ⡣
Ŷʮ꣬Ѫյ䣬ôûߵŮ˫ޣ
ɹÿɲóֲŮɫˡ
Ǿֻһֿܣа۵ĳ⣬ĳֹ˲ܺŮ˫ޣƹ
ɹûлΪһˣɲ뱻ɹᣬοԱ߻һ˫ν⣬ġ
㿴Ҹ˫ֳͻȻһۣҧº촽Ȼûʲô仯ȴɬˡ
һֱֻѳɿаۣȴûǵ˽µԸ
һֻпȴûԸŮϲ
˲Ů˲ʵ˵Ĳкܶ໵ëǶöŮˡʹŸŮ˻ġ
Լ˫֣ԼԳ˽һ
˼ҿɲа۵ţΪˣҲɫҲ׽Ů
ӳɽ֮ľٶͿóš
Ȼڼ˫һϲŮȴӺɫȻղűܶΣûκåľٶ
뵽˫ĳʵǹһƵЦ⡣
ɹһСȻûаȷϵֻҪһ𻨣ȼ
䵱𻨣ֺа۵һ־ֶΡ
С㣬Ҹտа۶ǿأ̲סˣ˵ǰа۶زסԼġɹüЦ
˫ֹסˣɹãһ޵֮ˣϲϹ˵
ɲϹ˵ƾоݣҶλ裬ʲôŤģɹ˵ǰѻˡ
˫ɴ಻ۣǱͷȥȲɹãҲǵһ˿Цʼչš
һ̣λϵһŮһζ˷ġ
ȿȣǻ˵˫޵ɡԼûʵ˫޵ԭһ飬ðɹûǷ⣬ҵĶ˫֮ȽϰԵͨŮԳܣˣ˫ް޷ߡ书ߵľ磬һԡ
ԭˡɹõͷ˳Ļ
΢΢һ̽Ե˵ɽϰõ˫֮ΪºͣҲһδʵǾʹӡ֤һСŮԸ׳а۴ͻơ
ǰɹ˫붴˵¶ǵһ仰
һʱ侹סˡ
˫ࡣ
ɹ⻰ǰԳ˵˧磬Լڰɣ
һʮַŵŮӣ˵Ļ
ɹΪ޵֮ˣȴĲ˵˳
˫֪˵֪ܣǳףν׵ĵڡ
˶˵ɹЦһ˵ü˫ĻС㣬˫֮ҲŶ㲻޵֮ˣһаһϰĻһĪô塢ջȵȡ
˫ÿЦá
˫֮Ȼô๦Ч
ĲǺţֻǰɹջ
彡ͬ񣬺覴ãܰɹ
ͻȻ֮Ҫͳаɹһйֱ֣̫֮ơ̫ˣ
Ϲŵҵļ˫ܲˡ
һˡ˫ձֻվȥҪ˫ǸĻȻرһ£ҾͲˡ
˫˾ٶɹ̲סһЦ
˵ͼ˫һδµŮӣɽǱޣ۲׷
˫ȻǧĶʦ˵׻֮ˣܲ˺
˫ҵʲôˣЦһ£ȥ
ôһ˵˫ԥһ£תûĻȥ
ͰɹǸܹٽΪǺܺûʲôҲûκο
Ƕпһɫ˵ͺһŮ˫ޣҳʲôˣζԵ




1788¡û
 

Ļü˫Ϊ֮һ
ɹĴпϧΪܻúͳ˫޵Ļᣬųְ¯ɷߵаޡ
Ļܹͳ˫ޣΪǰδеͻơ
˵һΪΪͻơŮ˷ϵˣ԰ɹľǳϧҲ˵ʲô
˫عĵе㸴ӡ
һ棬ûȷʵеο
Ϊᰶ㣬Ϊü˫е㲻ζˡ
ֻܿƽľϾԼͳֻѹϵֲˣʲô˵ʲôûʸܡ
˫ĬȻ֪ʲô뷨ֻðĿתɹã˵õɽ˫֮ͨҲãǾҿŰɡ
Ȼò˫ޣԽɹõĹȥоһ£аҽ˫֮Ǿٺò
õģҰѹóɹ߽ңһȡһƤֽ滭һŮø˫޵ͼ˫ֻ΢һ۾ϼ˫գ첻ѡ
ȴȤĿ
Ƥֽϼص˫֮ȷʵʺͨãЧͱаҽĲ̫Զˡ
ɹĹ˫ޣΪҲû̫
ֹԳ˵ȫûô԰ѰɹõĹɻ˫޷ţȺ˫޵ŮӽӦ֮תΪаҽ˫޷һѭ򽥽̡
ܺãҼסˣɡֻһӣͽƤֽϵĹ̽Ժ
ɹʮ죺ǵ죬Ҿˡ
˵ͷɽѾûʲôֵˣǱվ˫
ͬʱ԰ɹ˵Ҫɽˣ㲻Զ͡
ھ𣿺βڴһСŮӻкܶĵأɹó˵
ֻҪԸһϣа취óӦ˫ޡ
ͷûתֻǰڰֵˣ˫߰ɡ
˵ţͼ˫һ߳ɹõĶ
Ȼ˵Զͣɹûĸ߳пڶľűߣĿͳż˫£ɽϡ
аۣŶԸԶΪ㱣֮

ɽ¼ѾйزѸٴ
Գͼ˫ɽ󣬲ûпʲô״ڵɽһοͶûУȻȫɽȥˡ
ѵÿԶɽʤ˫ȴûͷ羰˼
ΪܿҪͳ롣
֮ǰ𣬼˫ûʲô
Ϊ˻мĻᡣ
һβܼ˫ռ㲻Լͳδܷٴμ档
ؼʦҪһаԽԽԶγƽߣ
˫вʣһһָ߰һ㣬ģ㲻
Ϊͼݻǧ˿Ƶϵ˫㡣
ΪһҳͳܽӴҲȥ
Ϊ㣬˫صϺòռһΣԪҲϧ
ʲôʵ
ע⵽˫С
˫һ·Ĭ͵͵ռó˼ĺġ
ѵС㣬ʲô˲õĽ
Ҫ٣ǳ϶ˣԸѡ͸үһ
ûʲô˫κܲ԰ף£ָתƻˣȻĽѾ⣬ͿԺѽϵֻ֤Ǯ
˫˵ţŵСȡһѶ
״ʧЦȻԼ˽ȫӹ
Щȫڴ󣬳ԼֻĿȲ뿴ľʱѸϢ
Ȼ֮źһ˲䣬һδϢδӵ绰˳
ҪĿĸĸչ񣬸˺ö绰ƽһһ
˫Ѿѣʱ䲻Ҫϵ
Ϊ˸ĸչȻܵĶӵİΣ̲סһڴһ
ҲԼĸĸûϢ̸ĸ˵绰ƽ
ɽһһͨ͸ĸһСʱĵ绰
͸ĸͨ绰󣬳鿴Ϣ
ûÿϢȥȿ˻߷΢Ź
һ֮ûᰵֳ֡
ĲһʹԼȥȷʵᰴ˺ܴ˺
ڿԻȥƶʡúֲλɽܲˡ
ֻǲ֪Ƿܹԭ
һ̣ûаֵ




1789¡ûлظ
 

ڳ̤ϱ֮ܽ·µʱûдһ绰Ҳûзһ΢š
˵ı͸ġ
ԳŶԼûе֪Ƿԭ
Ҳλɽܲãһ鱻ڻıɽˡ
³صƶʡȴһĻ
ֽҲ֪
ᰶöϾϵ
ôʢĶ磬˫ôѡ
ڶѵ棬ԼİˣһŮ˴ߣµ̨
ᰣҶԲ㣬ϣһȥͺܹһĻᡣ
ֻ̾ľٶڼ˫ʶµó˿̳Щʲô
̾ˣϽܲϵɡ
˫һ˵΢ţӺҵᰵ֣ȥ֮ڶԻһ֣ᰣҺܿͻƶʡЩû𣿡
鵽֣˫̲סһ䣬ΪһܶŮӻģԭһֱУǰһͷЦھȻʱúòãֱǲ
ǳܿɾˣԼҲȥס
ȺڶԻβͬĻģҲеǸģͨͨɾ
ӹȥûзһ΢Ÿᰡ
˫ſţ̲סǱ΢Ŷᷢ
˵ôûΪ˫ȡЦˣĳ
¼˫ԼˣϾĸʷһƬհףĵֻǰĳ
ҡ
˫ܾһӣ뻹Ǿһء
Ů˵˵ҪģͲ˵ʲôίĻˣֱӵǸԭ򣬻ȥٺúùͨһ£Ƕˣͷܴβ
˫˵ͷͷǵʵԼﶼûס
Ͼᰣ֪ʲô뷨
һλ˼Ļ˫ԼҲԶ޷ԭ³
ǾͰ˵ķ
мĿ˼˫һۣȻڶԻ༭ԣᰣԲ˺㣬ϣܸһ͵ĻᣬҺܿͻصƶʡҡ
ɨּ飬ȷûʲô֮󣬳֣ص·ͼ΢ŷᰡ
Ȼǽŵĵȴʱ̡
Ϊ˵᰻Ϣ֪ɽٶȡ
˫ĬĬ캮ضɽϡ
ӹȥʮӹȥСʱȥˡ
ûлظ΢š
оԼıɽϵʯͷ
ѵĲԭˣ
һ룬Ȳصƶʡ
Ҫ绰˫ĿԴӵ
̷ͨѶ¼Ҫᰴ绰ԥˡ
绰ȥ᰾ܽӣѽǸ
һǻȥƶʡͱ᰹ͨɡ
ճûв绰
ؼ˫ûٽʲôĬĬ˫֣ʱʱǰ
𣿡Ǻ͸ĸͨһСʱĵ绰֮ǣᰣһʱ䵹ǳһ㡣
Լǿ׳¼ʮȶûʲôо
˫Ͳһˡ
һͨŮӣɽôãûʲô㴩£޷ٷְ
˫ýʺӣʼף룬Ҫס˫֣
̫á˫㿪ˣҪǺ޾ɺãôŮӵأ
Ҳ㶳ɽϣòʮҪǱɾͰ׷ô󹦷ˡ
仰ü˫־־Ц
һ׻᲻˵
˵ʲô˫ͻȻоԼ˲ůž嶼ůģޱȡ
վס˼˫֣Ϊ˫
˫촽û˵ʲôӦ֮һǣˣΪʲôҪܾء
һ·Ｇ˫ʱһֻ
˺þã᰻ûлظ΢š
ʱ򷴶ĵȻˣ޸ϵܵƾһ΢ô򵥣
ҴһǶϽᰲûн΢ڣ˵һ˿ᡣ
ţһֻ뾡ϻȥƶʡ
˵˫ɽϷɱ
˫һԹĿ˳һۣԵˣһûͰ
ţ˫оԼůˣڳĻ˯һ
ɽȫٷɱܿ쵽ɽ¡
˫󣬳ɽŵĻкܶزμƷĵ̣кܶ׼ݺһο͵ĵ˾
ȥ
˵ţ˫һС˾ȥ




1790¡ս
 

Ȼ˾˵ɽϳ˴£ɲ赲׬Ǯġ
һ߹ʮ˾׷ǰк
һ˾ͼ˫˾ȥǻ
·̣ҪСʱ˫С˯һᣬͻȻһ£ڵֱɻߣȥ𣿡
Ҳܱ¶֮ǰΪͦ飬һҪȥȻû飬һʱά־ְǸⷸ֯Ǹ֯Ӷʱûҵά־ֳֿҲûô죬ʱȻƶʡȵʱǸ֯ҵˣٰ챨սѵĳ𡣡
˫˵¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫ
룬óֻĵ绰
֮ͨ󣬳˵죬ңѾԼ˽ˣھҪؽǣȻɻƶʡսѱ飬ά־ֵٻһ֮
ԭǳֵܡӵİ룬Ϊ˭ǳд˾ϲͻȻһתһ˿ϧֵܣ㲻ðұˣΪҸոյ֪Ǹⷸ֯Ѿ𡣡
Ŷ˭֣Ϊ档
ǰڵǸֲӣκβ˵ķ֯ӦʵǿŶԡ
类Ĳˡ
Ҿ޷ֱɱ顣
Ǹ֯Ǵ˺ܾá
ô˵ˣ
ֻ첻֪ǿЦǸ̾˵ֵܣϸ˵
Ĳ£⽥
ԭڳͼ˫뿪Сǰɽ֮ļսѾˡ
ʱսѣǳ˼ͬʱҲܺΪʲô⼸սѣ֮ǰڵֲúúõģͻȻˡ
ʳеʣһ쾭СֵսѾɥĻشǱϳġ
ϳǻ㲿ʵǿֱ˭Ҹǳ־ŭ
Сһ֮ɫ磬㲻֪鲻֮һԯս֣˵ӹ˵
νǻǿֲӣġ˫
Ķ쵼֪ʵûʸ͡ơ
ΪֱǴȫصֲѡģ˵롱ԡսǡЩֱһôʮһ
Ȼֱֱڷëǵĸ֣㡰Ҳֻ졢Ͼ˴ﵽһļ
ְֲûʲôͬΪ˱ңֲӲͬǣҪԵģײеķ֯
󲿷񣬶Ҫ
һ񣬡߾׷һʮֽƻľⷸ֯˾Ķ˾бɱΪӳһ˶ѡ飬һʵֱӳλá
뿪¡ʵ
֮Լ뿪֮⣬ŹΪԴԴϲ֡
ƶֲӡ롱Ķӳ֣ͺܿ
ֻҪٴȫΧ˼ƻ֣ٷְٻᱻѡϡ
Ȼû뵽ûѪļսѾʹӡﱻϳˡ
ԯս˭ôûŭʵ
Сֵԯսı˵ԯսǴӾģݱˣЩжܿ˵츳ʵǻĵһаۣԯսӳһչֳʵȷʵǿÿ£šս񡯶ڲﴫˣ˵ʲôаۡս񡯣˼˵ԯսаۿ
С˵꣬üͷ
ʵۼģȷʵͶء
ԯսȴû˵Ҳ֪ʵΡ
ΪֱС֣ԯսʵܿ£˲ͽ
Ще·һ
ЩءĴУһǹͷ
ԯսһֱӽλãλǿֲӡĶӳ̫̫ˣ
ܿʶܿҪԯսͱˣ򲿶ﲻԶԯսġսţԯսͳԱȡ
һУԶ⡣
ѵΪֵܲŪһսţֿС֣ʵ¶ӳĺ£Ϊʲôǻᱻϳ




1791¡µķ籩
 

ΪԯսǸСӣΪûʵ˵ǰϾ棬ȫǳϺСսȭͷҧгݵ˵
սѣַ֮ͬɫ
óﶼһ
ϾǸʮһֱѾڡ˺ܾã¶սܵ裿
꣬˫еŭȼ
ԯսıжӲܰСǸϳ
˿̺ȥӣһԯս
֪ڻȥҲ޷Ϊսֻع
磬ԯս˵а۽һȳ˭ǻĵһ֣ҿа۵ĴɣСֲ޶
а۵ʵ仹ǹٷ֣ķڷ
Ϊа۵սʵʵģûаˮ֡
ԯսֻǲһոˣȻʵǡֱǿ٣֮ûһԻսθаȣ
ڹֵ÷зǷ׷֡аۡս仰
аۡսǹٷӪģܿͳΪȴʡ
а۳ݲǣ˭ԯսͻȻðġս񡱷
˵ûһΪԯսܺа
ҡаۡս񡱣ǻԽӹС˵˲ġĽݡǷ塱
ڡ˲ĽݸϺǷʵ˵ʵԶ
Ƿ巢ȫĻʮоĽݸ
ٷƳаۡս񡱣ѱûааʵԯս˼
һǣǷ屾Сս֮ԯսĳƺҲǡս񡱣Ƿ尵ϡ
ڹٷ˵ĸ桢а۵ߣ׷ױʾ飬áаۡս仰ȥǶаŵ衣
ֻϧá
ԯսַŻʱа۵ս
ע⣬аȥսΪսߺад衣
˵ԯսԼڱа۸ߵλϣŻĴʡ
С˵Щ֮󣬶ʱûע죬ԯսȷʵ̫֡Ҳ̫ˡ
֪аѾŻȥҪа۽
аӦսǾͻᱻڳԶ֮ˡ
˵Ҫû¾͸϶ᱻԯս¡
а۲ӦսĻֻᱻԯսҲùʧ͸
֪ѡ
磬һ£ԯսӳ֮󣬰ɱ˾ɵǸ֯ˣСһ£ǻǺܲˬΪԯս˵Ϊ϶ӳܣŵǸ֯ң⼸¡С˵λеΡ
Ȼԯսţܿ˵ȷʵ޷
ʮ죺ԯսǸ֯ˣԭ˾ɱĻȴһ¡
磬ǸԯսһǣҪǻȥĶӳְλжɣµζӳ϶ûġ
С˵ţսһͬ¶ڴ֮ɫ
ҡҡͷˣɽв˳ֻҪԯսܺúôУĸƷ˴ţǾӦԹΪأԴΪء
磡
Ȼ˵սѻǺܲġ
ԯսԸаۣҿ϶վаߵġ룬ֲһ䣬лĻҴǼ˵еаۣʱ䣬ǡɺа۽ʶ
𣿡սѲɵļ
ЦЦҪ˵ͳʶ̣ʱ绰
ͨĲоµķ籩
ⳡ籩ģ
ٷƳԯսԯսĸ棬߻ĵһϵš
ֻԯսҪһʤȻ뷨Ӧս
ˡ˲ǵһλġ
ʲôĵһ֣
Ҫģǻȥƶʡᰡ
ԯսɱ˾ɵǸ֯ǰһСæ
Ͳٳˡ
ͨ绰󣬳˼֮С
˫״ûгϳ˼Ǳ۾塢ϵƣһ·ĵλɫ˺ܿ˯˹ȥ
о˫Դϣ۽⿴˯ˣû˵ʲôǴֻϢ
᰻ûлظ΢ţļ鿴˵Ϣ
hƳΡطѩȵȺ֪з΢űʾġ
Ǻøǻɡ֣ԼЩõ
һһرϢ֯ϷֲĻӢġ
һҪһ£ٷƳһ֣ԯսҿ֯άֻϱߵ˼Ҫԯսĵһ֣ȡλãԯսսѾʶ֯ͷʢϴҿԯսҪ֯άֶˣܳηһСģ




1792¡عƶ
 

ӢϢԯսĺճ˸һĿ
ԯսֻвӵıô򵥡
ͺˣ֮ǰĬĬţĸְϲ޴ˣͻȻðͷ˲ӱ֮⣬ѱûάֺ֯ڱ֡
ٷԯսԴһͷӲιԪ˧˽䡣
ٷԯսߵ̬˸ţĳƺšս񡱣ѡаۡս仰ŵ飬ǷǳԵӪΪ
ԯսӦúҰɡЦ𼱣ҳһġ
͵ǳԸ
սӦǳԭ
а֮裿
˼֮󣬳ҲʼĿ
֪Сʱȥͼ˫صǡ
˾СͻģƷǷĴó͵ǵС˼ʵʵշѺսս뿪ҲҿЩһۡ
˾衢졢ǹѾڽǻȺá
ͼ˫³ӭ
һɨȥλ֮⣬˾Ͼ滹˾˵Ҳˡ
򵥴к֮콫Լļսѽܸ
Сֵ˼˵еаۣûе˵ˡ
ЩɾֱЦͷȻһֵܣֵܣԺʲô飬Դ绰ңƶʡҡ
û⣡첻ЦҲģ
ųֿǹ⣬ʵǸԯս֪٣
⣬·Ͼˡ
ǹôά־־ֳԯսάһݣǹ϶֪һЩ顣
Ȼǹʣһ֮󣬹ĻشԯսǻǿֲӡζӳıʵҲֻ̫֪ھǱߣ¦ܾǣֻҪԯսһ仰Ǿڱ־Ҫãļڡ
ŶȻ
άֵļߣսԼ֣ԯսȻܵã
¶ӳıɲ⡣
ǹⲻ֪ԯսʲôܴŲ³ôӲھǱߣԯս׵ĳȨ֮ˡ
ǹ⿿ǲܵöļߵġ
ԯսʵάֵļߣЩļ߸ĸ˭ԯսָӣ
ǹĻ֤ԯսʵȷʵС
ⷴóһ˿ڴ
þûĶˡ
֮ãΪȻûдͻƣȴµһõɹõ˫֮ȥƶʡ֮дʱ侫Ϊ
ȴô飬һΡسһԯս档
ǹ⣬ҽͻƶʡߣʵһ㣬֪ˣĻƶ֮ңҲԶ˵仰ʱɢԵǿǹɪɪ
λά־־ֳͻȻͨһа۴ˣά֣ǹԸΪӦ
˻һ˾ǾԾ
ǹǳ׻ȥ˰
ʵǹ˭Լʲô
ȻѾΥ¦ķԸ£Ǿһڡ
뵱ǽͷݣҡڲ󷴶úܲҡ
ͨһ㣬ǹԼά־ֵδаϡ
ɻڴҷ
ǹóĿ࿴
ɡ֣ǹվ
ܿҾͻ֪վߣΪǵѡ񡣡
ΪаЧĳ޻ڣǹ⼤ú棬ٴδġ
΢Цͷһ֮󣬱ͼ˫Ϸɻ뿪Ϊ˽յվĳС
ֱӴɻƶʡȺͼ˫صʡ
·ɻ֪ܿҪתƶʡ˫֮в¶֮飺ȥһ𣬲֪ʲôʱټ
˫ǵؼʦӦñŶԡЦұͺǼԵҿճʱ䣬ͻŰݷãúоһǼʦүʲôϵ
ţʱĵ˫ȻȻǻȻЦ⡣
ʵȷʵ˵кܴټġ
Լ˫ֻʱѹ²֮飬ؼʦع壬иҪҪ
𲻾ǰʡˣռ飬˫͸оĳġ
ԼϵΣδرȳᣬα̰һʱŮ˽飿
Ŀ˳һ֮󣬼˫ʹ˸
ٴεǻƶʡ
ƶʡỨлʱҹ
λǳ͵΢˵ܿȥ֮󣬻ûٸ˵
ûǰӻ
Ƴ̳˾ȥ԰
ӦסķôˣӦѾ˯˳ȥ᰽ͣȥƳΡ




1793¡ֻ
 

ǵƳʱѾ˯ȡԿףĴš
ֿ֮ƻͨƳ˵ĴС㣬ɳ˫˫ǰ֮ģƺ¡
Ƴ̬ĵ֮ˡ
֪Сӣ˿̿϶˼÷ǳû
ŵߵɳ󣬳ǹ˫ͻȻסƳε۾
ƳνһһҪгܿоһɷǳϤϢ
Ǽ䣬ĵļ֮ӿøˡ
һüЦ˵²˭
Ĵ󻵵ҲĴ󱿵Ƴ仰ÿǻ˵ġ
˵֮۾ϵƿȻתͷǣӵˣʱ˿̣Ƴε̲ס
ƳᣬһĶ컯ˡ
ãԲôá
˵仰ɳסƳΡ
ƳǴɳסʲôҲû˵ĬĬᡣ
˼ˮҲǼİ֮֮ϲҸˮ
˺һƳйòˣɿ֣ȻߵɳϣƳһ
ã˼ܹ֮࣬ⲻȥÿһ仰ʮᣬ֪Ǹ˫µаȫˡ
Ƴһ˭ˣûĵģ˼ҳãߣ֪Ǹ˫ңأ
ã˵ҺԩʵҸ˫ûʲô㲻Ҫˣ
˵ţԵĽƳС
Ƴμһ£ư͵ĿڳϣϤůϢСһŷԹǻϲ
ߣҪǽͲҽͰϳȥ
̲סǹЦ⣬ȻóƳ˵ء
ǽԼΪʲôڶϸ˫ߵɣԼ⼸µľϸϸƳνһ顣
˵껰ƳеԹʧˣȡ֮ۡ
ԭΪ˻Ųò˫ȥ
˵ʵΪᰣһѺѵȫ롣
ԭҶֳˡ
硭֮ƳεĿǱˣȻһ˴̶ߵ֮·߱ˣ·һɣ
΢Цҡͷ࣬߹֮ãջ˺ܶ࣬ҵĽҲ⣬㿴ģһȫµҡ
Ƴȷʵоóǰһˡ
է֮£ѳһոճᡢȫûȾȾˡ
۾γͨ͸ʣǰҪÿöࡣ
һŮӵĽǶϿƳξó˧ˣòʣЩױ֮󡢿С˧öࡣ
ણ
ƳԽԽϲ鲻Խڳһڡ
鶯֮£ɳϺƳӵ
ֱƳαǵ˫糺졢ȣɿסƳε֡
Ƴν޵ӣɳϰӸˡ
뵽û޸ϵȴƳδûȣЩΡ
Ƴע⵽񣬵ĵʵôˣ
ǲǻҵԥ󣬳ڻ˵˳
ᵽ㣬ƳκŴˮӹһ˿֮ɫ
ô˵أ
ڣҪݵĻͺһμʱһһĹ˭Ҳ޷߽顣
ȻƳûش𣬵óһۡ
᰹ȻΪ洵һ£ı˵ú
ϵĺ֢κˣϵȴ࣬ڵĲһμʱҪء
ң֪ȥұ᰽ͣԸԸԭҡ̾
Ƴμ޵ס֣Һһȥ㣬ֻҪղһģõġ
ϣ˰ɡ˵ţ̲סóֻһۡ
᰻ûлظ΢š
ãˣ˯ɣȥұᰡƳ϶кԲȦˣ֪Ϊ˶ٴҹ
Ƴ˵ȴһ˿Թͽߵ磬֪Ҫұ㣬ԽҡܴܲӦңٽҵģ𣿡
ƳǶԷˮĴ۾鶯ѡ
ƳζôΪԼı룬ΪŮˣվ˽ĵġ




1794¡׼ȥ
 

Ȼ˱ˣԼİŮġʧ䡣
¶һЦãҴӦ㣬ҹֻһˡ
仰Ƴ·һƵģ弫ˡ
ͻȻоԼ촽һԴסﲻɵ÷һ̡
չһֵǹƣֱƳǵ࣬Լ
磬ɳϣ𣿡оҪһƳ˵
Цǽ䡣
˵ţƳαȥ
Ƴҧӣջɬһ˫ܺÿĺ˿
ѽܸ»Цƿ˷š
ƶʡĵһϣƳһҹ
ڶϣƳױϴʱ򣬸оԼ˫Ȼġ
ͺ˱㿪ǰϼʡ칫á
·ϣƳѵҪҪȴ绰ұ㣿
ˣ΢ŶûлңҴ绰Ҳӣֱȥ뻹ǲ绰
Ǻðɡ
ƳҲ˵ʲô
ܿ˵˴¥¡
һ¥֮󣬳ֱӴ˵ݣȥܲð칫ҡ
ȴһ¥ı
֣һ¥˶ܾȡ
סıȴһ˵ҽûеǼǵĻȥ
ʲô˼ʱüͷ
ô˵ϼŵϯҽʦԼ˾¥У
Щʲôʱôˣ
ֻӳ߹ЦǸҽĺܱǸܵ˼
һĵŭ⡣
᰾Ȼ¥
Ƴοȥסӳôûұ˵ǲǸˣ
ž飬ĸҸӳЦӦܽģ㲻ŵĻԴ绰
ʣƳξҪóֻȴס֡
ʾƳȲô绰ȻĶԱӳ˵λһϲ¥ʱܹҸǵš
⡭
ӳԥ
һʱڣϼ߹ܲᰡ
ȥ֮󣬼ڲСϢԣ᰺ͳܷܿͣƢ·񶼱ɽӣԽģڼԱĿУȳ˾η
Ͼҽ书ٸߣʵҲûֹϵ
ǵᰵĻҪˡ
˱ӳ΢룬֪˭ġ
ԥ󣬱ӳٴЦҽҺЩֵһ򶼶ܾأҲֻ֪ǻڷԵģܲܵĻϣ⡣
ӳ˵Ҳ˵ϻˡ
Ҫǿȥ׾١
ֻΪԼľٶ᰸ѡ
һԵƳΣֱӴֻᰵĵ绰
ûֹ
Ƴ̽̽ᰵĿڷҲá
֮ͨƳοżɽʵ㣬ˣΪʲôȥİ칫أǻͺ͵Ǹİ
ʳ仰֮󣬹ȥʱ䣬ûκλӦ
³
Ȼõĵ绰Ӧˣ
һ룬ƳεֻﴫһŮ˵žã飬ںæ绰ʲô𣿡
ұ㣬ΪʲôóȥƳٴʵ
Ǽȥشžģʱ亮֢иļԲκнĽӴϣҽܹ⡣
ͣƳβ㱻Ц
ǰŵ̸ܲ⣬ͻȻͲܽӴԣⲻԳ
ҲǿЦá
ᰵж಻
žûµĻҾȹҶϵ绰ˣڰ칫ܱšһµĿ˵
ȵȣδҵ绰Ƴ˵Ȼұ㺮֢и󣬸Ӧóȥһ²Ŷԣҳұ㺮֢ڼ䣬ΨһԽӽˣұԼҲ֪ġ
˵껰绰ǼĳĬ
ȻŴ˵Ѿ˽ҽƣҪ鷳ҽҽȥɡ
δƳ˵Ͱѵ绰Ҷˡ
ƳһʱûӦԭء
£һֱڱߣõȳ˸ӦûʲôŶԡ
ȴû뵽ôĻᶼ
ĿЦһԥҪҪǿȥܲð칫ҡ
ʱſ߽һߴӢװĵ꣬޴¶Ÿ߹ʣޱŵ飬һǶӸ硣
һĸǿ̫̫ˡ
Ӹ羶ֱǰ̨ǰ̨С˵鷳ͨһܣ˵ʢŴ




1795¡
 

õģԵȡǰ̨Сü˧磬ļһżܲð칫ҵĶ̺š
ǰ̨С÷дĹ˵˵ȥˣ롣
лл
Цл֮󣬾Ҫ߹ȥ˵ݡ
һСܹˢµ¥롣
ĿʹݣƳο򱣰ӳʵΪʲôȥ
ӳʮΣֻǿ͵Ҳܵ˼Ҫžٴ绰ʣ
ʸͷˣȥɣ
Ƴ˵ţ֣ͬʱóݿݿȥ
žȵȣӳƳβǣҲǣֻܺһȺƳκ档
ͷɨЩһֻۣ΢һƣñŵվԭأҶ
ԭǿȥָ˧ĶӸȥ֮ĪһΣС
Ϊܹв
㻪׸֮վҲ˿顣
ĵǣˣĳЩ˺ܿ룬
Ǿȥ̸⣬ͼ
ס֮󣬳Ƴνݣܿܲð칫ҡ
˵ҪѾڰ칫ſڵš
ôȥ󣬻վſڣûнȥŴ̸
Ϊ֪׷ᰣҴôſ˴ռ䡣
ܲð칫ûãʹסˡ
ΪƳδӵ˳
ҽôˣ
һܣʲô𣿡΢
ʱɫе㲻ȻҪͻ̸⣬ϣκ˴ţϣ⡣
飬ղŻ˵ұ㲻κ˽ӴأǸȥˣô˵Ƴüʵ
ɫΣλôãӦͻͺͳԷˮһ򵥣˻ǲŲæĵܲһǼŵǰҪĿͻܲŻһΣžӦòϣǼźʹ̸ܵκɣ
ʲô̸ܱȳұҪ飬㿪ţǽȥƳεǳǿӲ
״򲻶ֻǹְҵԵ΢ЦûаƳ˵
ֻϧҪԵĲֹƳΣг
鷳һá
գ֮䣬ƹܲð칫ҵţȻƳ˽ȥֻһ㵵顣
칫Һ󣬳һۿȥֻᰴŵOLְװɳϺʹ˵
˲ûʲôܽӴӻ̸⡣
һ̣еɫ˲䣬Ҳ֪̺
ֻЩΪһƽı
ᰣһˡһڵ
ȻᰲûٿûлӦ˼
λɽܲõĿ⣬תشϣܣ˼һ£λǼгľҲҵıãƳΣλǼϯҽʦ
Ľܣκ˽˸飬ȫȫְܳ
һվƳΡ
ԭǴĳҽžλӦû֪ҡ
֪ƳδϴĻ㲻Ǻʢܲô𣿡
ƳΣô˵ģǹ˾ҪͻǼδҪͺʢȫλԺҪʹཻܶ᰺ǳһ䣬Ŀʼûзŵһ֣·ѳ͸ˡ
Ƴ죬ʾԼĲ
Ҫ飬ȴų̸£бҪ
зȵ΢Цûϵ̸һʱ
˼ƺǲ̸ˡ
ܣ°ɣǼϯҽʦˣԺ̸һ̸κĿУڹҽҩµ⡣
ЦͷһƳһ£һ˵ҽǰΪǧβҷϹҽѧЭỪķ᳤ֻͨ׳٣ҷǳ̨ͨˣҽѧֶǺʢΪž޴̻ϼźѹҽѧĻȨõһɹջ񲻿ɹķرΪҽǹҽѧ´Уʺϵѡ
˼û̸ЩɲǺʹ̸ģܣܲرһ£Щ˽˵
ԭҾͲˡ
չֳΪķȣվװŦۣȻᰵܣҰ塢̳ԷϣҲȥ֪ûпգ
е塢̣ᰵĸĸۡ赾
֪ԼĸҪʹĸĸԷ飬ԭԹ·æΪɾܾ
˳һ֮᰺ԥĴӦпգȹȥæ֮ͻϹ
õģˣ˵ٳȣ۵׶̲סŨŨϲ֮ɫ
Ϊ᰻ܾȴû뵽ĴӦˡ
Ŀʹϲɫ뿪ᰣǧһʱ䲻֪Ӻ˵




1796¡ٻɳ
 

ᰣˡǳ˵ĵһ仰
óȷʵ˲٣أ𡢶Ƹе
ĳ̶ֳϿ᰺ֻ֮ԸǿƣڽԼĵطʵʵֻһеŮǿˡ
֪ᰵʵκŮӶҪд
Ϊ֢ԸƧС޷Ӵ
òܹ顢¸Ұһεˣȴ͸ġ
»Ϊһɽͬһֻ˵Ĵ⬽ԼŬһţֻչ¶ļ̣ΪһļǿļеŮˣǷǳұΪ
ǳţĳ׶ˡ
ټʱͲֺܴ󲨶
ұݣҲ϶
ԳᶨһҪ޾ɺãжôѡ
УŮ˱ǱһοֱɽԸŮˣһܵˣİ֮˳顣
֪ԼǿơһЩ
һ䣬ߵǰ־Ҫȥᰵ㷢ʾ
˺һܿˡ
ҽء
ᰡ㡭ЦԿ˵һᣬҺúýһ£𣿡
ҵ»һҪҪûʲôµĻǷԼİ칫ҡӦ
Ȼ仰˵ú飬ע⵽᰼ҧ˵ġ
ȻڱԼ飬ѹ顣
˿ᣬ̽Եʵǽ𣿡
ղҲˣҪʹĸĸԷûʱ䡣᰻Ļش𣬵һΣСĴָȴ΢΢
ûʱ䣬ʱƳվ˳㣬ھóͰɣʱĲǹ˫ߵģ
ȥѾȥҲ˵ǰ¡˵ţߵ칫棬ʼʰҪõĻϡ
Ƴζʱˣ㣬ǿڳǰ㻹мôεķϣҲҪһͰеĻ㻹ʶǸ𣿡
Ϊ˳Ƴⷬ˵÷ǳݡ
һζˡ
飬Ҫκ͹ͨ
ȴһСͣȥֻᵼһͬİ·Ľ֡
ƳδŻĻ̧Ƥ񱥺ĳ
һ̣һŷĲĲ
֪Լվ޷Գ壬ѳһͨͨĹ˾߲Դ
˹ȥô̹ĵ飬ֻʱøɸɾ
ΪƳεĻȷʵûڶ͸ģϼܹ˺׳󣬳ӹΰ
Լֹһαȹ
ƾĶ飬Ըһν͵Ļᡣ
̾һ᰷֮ϵĻϣƹ칫ߵɳϣʾƳһ
Ƴϲɫ֪Ӧˡ
ǰһֻҪͨҪ޸ϵͲôѡ
лл㣬ᰡһ󣬱Ǹ˵ȲܵʱΪʲôԭߣҶҪȸ˵һԲ𡣡
ĵǸûоܾҲûнܣֻĬȻ
ȻҲŬԼΪĻȥǳجΰĶ硣
֮Բò뿪ΪʱһͬϮ
һһ䣬ȥʱľƳνʱҪϸ
һ߽һע⵽ᰵɫ仯
һʼ͸¶Ǿ棬ȻǻȻǡҡοչΪƽ
ó޸ϵлᡣ
ΪԱֳܽٹ̵
һ㣬ţ᰻ǰġ
֮󣬳Ŀ᰾˫ϣȴλɽ˵ĻӦ
һҪʱ˼
ĬƳ̲סڵ㣬ʵΪ˼˺Ǻãͼ˫ҲûʲôϸϽǱ˫飬ϣ½϶úֲģʱٰһ⡢¡صĻǺܺ𣿡
ԣǲɹһ˿Ц⡣
ΪõĻģֻǾñⷬδ̫
ٻɳ񣬾𣬻ԭģ
֮İ˺ѷ죬Ĩϡ޸õġ
ڳڴĿ֮У᰿ˣȻƽ˵㡣




1797¡԰
 

Ƴ˵뻶һ̫ˣ᰽Ļȴζ˲
ǰԼεˣ᰽˵ȻΪҪڶϸ˫뿪ʲôԭ޷飬ڤڤ֮עõġ
ᰣô룿ҵĽѾˣûʲôѣܹ赲һ𣡡ʮּ
ΪһеŮˣ̫ࡣ
Գɴ಻˼Լ
ǵһЦ޵ģΪʲôȻүֹǶ飬ǿҲǿԡ㵱ʱľϣҲҵľ
ȵȣ㣬ľҲ⣡ƳͷͳమΪʲôҪΪһζʧܾ;òһڳѾˣǸǰһദ𣿡
᰿˵ıһұ֢ܺԽӴΨһܺҽӴĳȴҪΪܺҶ飬룬ҵƳΣԺͳúõһһףǡ
㣡Ƴòˣ֮£߹ȥᰱϣסᰵ֡
һգƳֻоᰵֱǰҪ
ⲻΪת䣬Լк֢ļ󣬸ΪˡĺѾԽԽڳˡ
ҲʮԱıɽܲá
óдһĴ㡣
ĵıɽһӣ
ᰣα֮ܽ·֮ҸνүһҾͺүһ
ÿһ仰˵նҪ
һȻĻˡ
ûиıԼ⣺Ǵ˵еаۣܹѵõ鲻ֻ࣬һƽŮӣӪүүĹ˾Щ춯صĻԻ¼ȣʲôҲǡ
Ծҵʲô̽ŮʣҲ֪ʵ䲻ģҲֹǳɻԭ򣬴ӽҲᡢҲȫûʸԼ㣬ȥЩ°ɡ
ᰣãʲô䲻ģ˵ͻȻеЦ
ʧ֮᰾Ȼע飬Ųɡ
һ˵Լ䲻ֻ
˵ᰵΪǴζ˷츲ذı仯
ƳҲȰ㣬˵䲻ֻòãҶܺͳһ͸˵ϲϲýʲôݵλ࣬ѵ𣿡
΢Цҡͷ
ûаѳƳεĻȥ
ӹݵλ̫ߵһ𣬴ʲкýŮ˵ĸԣͻȻ侲ҰʹİԼԷʵ֪ΪҺʹס
Ұ˵Ǻʢܲãĸ׸ǹڸĴˣȫضвҵȻҲȫŵԣҲ̫࣬ҴƷҰ˽ˣûʲô⣬ΪҰԸһҵа˽飬ʵҵĶλ
ᰴ˻һƳǾ졣
ԭᰴӦʹĸĸԷпǺʹչ
ȫš
ԭã᰾㲻ԭҲ˲Ŷԡ
˵ƺᰴӸĸİţʹչһ¡
ᰣⲢԼ뷨㸸ĸĿǶ԰ɣʵ
û᰸ɴĳˣҸĸôҲΪԼŮãѵ˵ûеҽҪŵԵģҺʹǷˣѾ֮ϣһģӽԺǻǸ԰ðɡ
ⷬǺĳ˵ġ
ȻԼľһΣᰴĸĻ
ڶϣۺͷ赾Ҳľٶ˵ˣȫȥ
˾þٺãҲŮ޸ˡ
ͨڵϵۡ赾ɫ˹ڶĶӴΪᰵѡ
˫棬ûʲôĻһ
ԭ˵Ҫףǳܡ
ĸһѱһȰ˵ˡ
ټԼҲע޷ͳһ
ۺأóƳζŵľ
ᰡ
˵ʲôתͷһ˾һƳȳȥһº𣿡
ҡðɡ
Ĳ˵ȥֻܺƳ˳ܲð칫ҡ
Ƴοų̾ô죬ҪǸˣ




1798¡˭ĳ
 

Ҳ׳ɹġ΢
Ƴ˫һѵǸ
ǺǣƳΣ̫ˣҿɲֶҪصˣֻǴ׷ᰣûǸ͡˵ţֵƳΣʱҿҪҵæñᰶһת⡣
ûⰡͱ¾ҵ¡ƳκԥĴӦ
Ĵǣڹ˾°ֱ࣬ᰲȥʹס
ĵԼİ칫ȴ
Ƴȷг칫ңԼ顣
ϯҽʦ칫ƨɻûȣš
ҿԽ𣿡Ǵ
΢΢죬ӸȻûߡ
ɡ
΢𣬴߽
ҽ˼ˣ֪ļ䣿
ʲô˵䲻ȵ˵
ҾͲˡʼձʿ΢ЦżɽĵϣҽʱĻǿ̸һ̸ҵ顣
˵
Ƴ˴һۣжһ˿㲻ֻΪ̸İɣ
ҽȻ˿
һ䣬ϸ֮ɫҶˣͲĨˣʵ֪ҽܵǰѣλΪܵ⣬ܵĸĸҪˣ˵һ䣬ҺҳΪҽľ֡
ⷬóڱʯ˫˲䷺һ㺮
ԭһģ
Ҵĵȷʵһ㣬ԳȻתƣһҲ£ԵøӴš
ʵϴķǳ˷ܣϲּսԵ飬ԽǿĶ֣Խ֤Լ㡣
ҽҽͨ书׿ǻһ˽ܡ
һ㣬ʲô鶼ǿӲֶθ㶨ڸ
˪Ůˣ˹˵ڶλ𣿡
ԺܱǸĿǰռȻҲᶯκιֵֶΣǹ󣬺ͳҽ㹫ƽ
˵ⷬһװվ칫ȥ
ûжԴ֣ܵ˺صơ
ò˵˵̫ˣһ仰˵Լ붯ùֶΣʵ˵ġ
֪书ǿûͷס
֮Բ֣ıסģԸˣ㲻Ҳʤ
Ȼ빫ƽĹƽУӮᰵģ

ߵʱ䣬æҪĹ׼°ࡣ
ʱƳŶһȣе˵㣬㹤һˣȱɣ
лл㣬ƳΡ᰸ܵԱõů⣬߹Ҫסȱ
ͻȻƳΡӴһʲôһ£ıòȣһƬȣõᰵְҵȹϡ
㣬˼Ҳǹġ
Ƴ˵۵ȴӹһ˿֮ɫ
ԭֱȥĸ˵ľƵ꣬·ŪŪʪֻܸı⣬ؼһ·
ƳΣҲˣ°ȥϢɡ
᰷סƳκֽ±õĵطȻƳһ¥
ͣš
ϣ᰽ȥʹף᰺ܿ°ֱ֮ӹȥƳʲôίİ취ֹᰡ
ҲƳһϷ
˿ͣŵĲֹд
Ϊ˽᰹ȥԷľƵ꣬һй˾ˣڳ˺ܾá
߽ͣʹͬʱӭȥ
Ϊ졣
ܣô
ܣԷϳɣзִĿڵ
Ȼ˾Ҫˣ֪ˣԻǺܣʲôǵĳƺ
ԴǸ˼·Ūˣؼһһٹȥܣȹȥɡ
ܻؼһ·Ӧܿ죬ǵ仰е㲻ףֲϣܲҪᣬ㵽Һ󣬾š
ˣг˵ʵǲڳǰܴĺ⡣
ȻԸ񽾰ǲֳġ
ȵģ仰
ᰣȥɡ
С;ͺáҵĳأɨͣһۣԼĳ
ԭ°ࡣ
۾Ȼ֪ѳȥˡ
Ƴ͵Ц治ɫĵ㣬óͰɣҿСм£ˡ
Ƴ˵֪ۺܿǱԼúͳ֧ߵġ
һΪؼҿɷĻ
ֻʹͬʱѳͬʱ򿪳š
ᰲòѡˡ
һܸĸ֮֮׵Ĵ
һְֺޡնҵĳ
ѡ񣬽ܿȫͬյ㡣
ܣϳɡЦݡǳŵ˵
ʲôû˵ֻ̺Ŀᰡ
һ룬һŷĳ׵ˡ
ıɽܲãҧҧ޵ĺ촽ԥ룬͹ʹĳӡ
ϵЦ˲̣ƳЦ




1799¡ܲ
 

ĿӵĸʻλϵЦԽԽΡ
ղܵİ칫ԳСս˵ԼĿǰռȻ
ڣԸ͸ĵ˳ҲԸĳ
ôιҵס
ΪӸ磬һֱԼŮ˵ú׼Ͼʲôĸ߹Ůûм
ǿԸǳ߰ҪǿŮˣԭ³Ŷԡ
һΣȴжϴˡ
ܲĵߵĳǰᰵ
ᰱ黹ģƵĸоڻһ¡
Ȼᰲԭ³
ֻ֮ǰɽŮܲöԳ̫ֻǸոսʶѡϳĳҲ
οԼһ֮󣬴ϵЦȻܣҾȵõľƵȥ㡣
šᰲ䲻ȵӦһ̧ͷһ۴ûС
Ȼû˶ۣܵչ׷ʱ򣬾¶ģֶܳѣԷ
ʱ䣬׷ᰵʱ
᰻ؼңҲζʲô
ԼжϲдǲܸϵģĻỹǱȳ
ᰲҡԴᰵĸĸ¡
ţĶ˺ܶ࣬ų᰿֮ͣԼĳӣҲ˳ȥ
Ƴθ˴ĳһӵȻĬĬͰһ׷رģ

ᰣ˵ڲסƳεķӣҲסķӣԼʡˣ߿µĺġ
촽˶֪òûش
֪ѭ򽥽ĺ޸ϵóô׾ͳɹ
ĻԼ֮ǰȫûˡ
ļǿᰣֻǵشˣҰһס
شİһЦ
ܲöѡˣڻӣʵϻǻشһ
ڼһǡʵ
رһۣһﲻ֪
ĸۡ赾ѾȥǸƵˡ
ڼһ˶ûУûйʡᣬ캣Ǳߵķӡ
Ҿ㣬ֻܰ͵ſڣ׼ȥҧ˵
΢΢һЦõģû⡣
Ȼش᰻е㲻̫ġ
İɣһ»᲻Ҫˣʲôå
һ·Ϲⲻͳʡķ֮󣬳ͣóȻûдһȥ˼
ѭ浸صľٶĵһֿĸо
һֱҪģǳľأΪҲζ˵Ĺϵܡ
˭Լȥһأ
Ҫھԭ³ǾԲܵ顣
ķӣĳƬȺĶ
ߵſóԿ׾ҪţͻȻֳվڳԱߣûпȥ
ôߣ
㻻·ҪȥȥȻ˵仰
֣ȴеŤʼջǿܺʹס
ȻҲһ
ԼעͳûпܣҲ֪ԼģԶ޷˵Ĵڡ
Ҳͣѵ㻹ҰһΣ
ٴһЦֻ㵽ƵſڣֲȥӦûɣ
㡣
һΣ᰻ǹʹûоܾĶԼһ䷸ˡ
Լ¾ģȳ󣬾ͳ棬Ҳ˵˵ҲҪǳ䵭
Ե΢ŹʱӲסظ
û뵽ֵһ̣Լµôȫ˻ˡ
˰Ĳɲ֮顣
ں᰸ϣԽԽаˡ
᰽ݺ󣬳˼һӦôȽס
ʱͣŵһܳ߳һǧĵĴŮۻ˭
ղרעᰣһʱ䵹ûע۾Ͱѳͣ
ܵܣýѳȿߣҿǰ˵Ŷôأҡҷ߹˿Ŀų
ȥ£ȻįͣԳ˼Ľ
ûл˼֮ǿңҲֻԼ
ۼ˵Ļû˲Ǽǳ۶ʱ֣ܿҪˡ
ߺߣܵܣһҲϧң֪Щӽôѽ˵ţ𱬵ĽҪ




1800¡Ϥĸо
 

һֵֻס۵ȻԴǸ˵۶֪ңڲʲôʱϣҡ
ܵܣֻǸĸҵ׷ǵܲã
һЦӯӯģûаԹ֮ģǴ󵨵ĽȻӦ㣬ҪúòŶյϢ
ڡϢʣֻг۲֪İ
۵һæ۲١Ϣ
ȴˣҲܳ𲻴Ӧͽ촽չڳϵһ¡
سûж㿪ٶĻ̫ˡ
󣬻ĵóֽϵĺɫӡɾ
ܵܣҪȥǸ𣿡
ţҴᰵĸĸǸȻǱ̬ȣͬʱҲô֪Ѷˡ˵ԼĴ㡣
һЦе㱿Ŷ
ô˵ʲô
۽˵ڽȥܵǱȥõö𣿺αػܼĻ᣿ܵĸĸ϶ܴóȻȥǣܿܲԸȰܸ㶨ء
˵е˼
֮ûнᰵķӣΪ֮Ҫᰱء
۵ǵȷʵʺȥᰵĸĸ
˼ҸʲôɽʱһСᰱſڣһԼʮŮˡ
۵ѵ˽ҽ磬չҪܿһβҹ˸˵ҪȥԷԳڸҽȥ
֪ˡ
ϣҽߵſ׼ǰһ̣ס
ҽãϼŵϯҽʦ
ǳҽҽϳǳ֮Ȼǳϲҽҵż񣡡
Ǻǣܸ˺ҽʶ
ŮҽȻܳôͼ򵥵öˡ
ҽģǰʱ䲻ƶʡλ˵ܵĺ֢иһ֪ҲܿͽҰɣ鷳ˡ
гҽҰŪǾҽȥɣǲ֪ǷңĦҽʩչҽҽڴʵ
Ǹ˼Ҹβ̫˴ԹĦοҵҽĻȥҵı֥úļλҽʱʱȥǱߺ̽ҽ
˵ҽȻЩźҲ⣬ҽβʱ˹ĦҲǺġ
ԼܹͳҽύѾǷǳҡ
ҽǺܸм˵ллҽϣڱ֥ÿҾˡ
ߡ֣Ŀҽ߻ȥ
ʱŴˣᰴ˳
ʱѾһװΪӼ￴ҽţ߹š
һͷҽҪߣסҽ
ȿڵᰣҽߵġ
ҽ˽ҽҿģô˼ߣᰲĿ˳һۡ
ЦΪҸҽ˵ˣԺ˽ҽĺ֢岡飬û˱Ҹơ
һ϶ǹģüųȻˡ
ȴûԼ˵Լģᰣ㺮֢и𣿽Ҹúüһ£ˡ
˵ɣĺβ¶ˣ˵ʲôҪȥƵ꣬ȴ֧ҽҿҰ費ڣҼҶԲԣ΢ʵ
û¶ˣᰣ
һЦֵȥסֻİһå
󣬳΢һ۱ڲװޣȻת˵ǻǰǰƷɡ
̫ôˣҵĺ֢ҽƾУûʲôµĻ㡱
᰻δ˵꣬ͻȻ߹ס塣
һ̣ᰴסˡ
ᰣҰ㣬ɣᰵĶߣ˵ϵ黰
᰽һ˫ﷺһ㱡
۽ǣ˲ʪˡ
Լôģ޷ܾ˵ӵ
ôϤĸо
ǣָоֵӵ
һˣָô죿
ſҡҧס촽ԼһЩ
Ҳš˵ľܲ§ø




1801¡ϴ
 

аۣôǰåʼ
ұŮˣôåˣ
仰·һ磬ĺıɽ
һһ
˿̣ر޳
СɵĽ;ǿӲסˮ
ſң
ظһ飬ֻͽ޹
Ҳ˺ЦӦҸƺ֢Ҿ֡
ûмåˣζӳ£ȴĻӦ
㵽״𲻴Ӧ΢΢
ʼգᰶûпӵζʲôԶ
ҴӦ㣬ֻһΡᰲòѡЭ
Լţ߸ķҪ
Լɿ֣᰺һڿɳϡ
ҪξͿΣҰ軹ھƵҡҧź촽һ鲻Ըӵ
ȥ
ݸ˿ɲЦһܣ㲻⿪ŦۣôСβ
㻹ʼַٴαѾġĺˣھܿڵĺֻ޷ʼķ𣿡
ȻУֻˡĺ֣޷ȫںڵ¾޷Կأͣһÿһʱ䣬һΡһĽ͵
д˲֣ʲôÿһʱ䣿ҿûռұˡ
ᰣ㲻ҵƷҲҵҽ
仰һʱ޷
ȻӦóˣҧҧ⿪׳Ŧۡ
ϤһĻ֣˲ԼͬЩ
ֻ᰿⽫ֻѹó
ᰵĲ飬һ㶼ҵ˼ע֮ϣȻסᰵСʼᰶ
ᰵ΢΢һܱƶٴΣĻǲӿ⡣
ֻǳؾصĸͺûаֶࡢԽĶ᰽
Լʮӹ󣬳ƣҲлع촽ĬĬϳŦۡ
ûأЦ˵
һתͷǽ㻹ʲô
ȵȡ
վԡȥ
ᰲԣķǳ棬һﻹʲôСֺ
һԡ߳һðŵˮ衣
㡢һˮʲô᰸Ӻˡ
һ߽ˮ˫ǰ棬һ߻شĺٻСαȫȻܹʣ㲻庮䣬Ҳ˺ͱһʹ˱ûиоʵˣĺȫ鲼˫ŴͶˣܺĲλöŰĦַŲ
ô˺ü롣
Ӧŵ˵˵ô࣬ʵҪϴţ
Ҳô˵棬ûаѽŷŽɡ
᰽֮˸߸Ьֻһ˫ЬǶѩϾÿ˼˶Ҫ롣
ֻǳ˵᰻ûаѽŷŽˮ
ôû뵽ΪģȻԸֵز
жôģھȻҪϴţ
ʵ̫ˡ
һ̣˵жǲܵġ
ʵϣҲòϣԼóϸϴš
ֻǱϣᰲֳǿŸжʵ⡢˾ݵаֻۣһĹ˾ܲãǵݵλѷתûҪΪֵز
ᰣҲζϣһΪİŮ˰ĦŲĸԸڶұҪ㻺⺮֢ʲôӵģ
ޱֿÿ˵һ䣬᰾͸оԼůһ֡
ᣬܶ˶򹷣Ϊ˶Ϊʼ
ʵ˶Ů˺һЩͺֻҪɵɵŮ˰ڲATMС
ɣ޷һ˿⣬ջǽѩ׵˫Žˮ
ˮ𣿡ůʵ
ҡҡͷļȸһ˿ɬ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪôأ
˫ַŽˮ裬һ̣λܲĵıɽڿʼڻ
ԶصİĦַᰵͽŲĺ
ֻо˫㱻ĦȳƷС⺮Ҫٱ
òҪǽҧסס֡
ʱᰵֻͻȻһǴġ




1802¡д
 

ֻͨϵʾҲ˴֡
ǲɫĸŲĦ
ҵֻ룬Ұġ᰼ʾʶĽһ䡣
һ룬˲ӹһĨΡ
ӦʹˣΪʲôҪͣ绰벢Լأ
ЦޱȵȻ
ͣʲô
ʵᰲͣҲ᰻˽ֻˡ
ᰣҶģ£˵ţƳᰵֻöˣӵ绰ɡ
᰼ȫûᣬҲǶǳΣĲɵӿһ˿⡣
ԥһ£ģͨ˵绰
ܣ·𣿡ڵ绰ʵ
ҡᰴ˿ڳΪĦļʸ֮УһҲ뿪
ٿ˫ЦЦ۾᰸ǲ֪ξ˵ȥ˵
֪ᰲԥԥŮˣ˿϶ڼﱻˣļ֮£еʵܣǲ岻Ǽʲô飿ҪҪҹ㣿
ˡصǻشúܹϡ
ʱͻȻʹ
ץסᰵһֻ㣬ˮ﷭תһˮ
⧲֮£嶼֮бɳϡ
Ѿᰵһֻ㷭˾ʮȣȻһֻʳָᰵ׻ȥ
΢΢ɴ󣬾Ҫ绰ʱҡ
ǹааЦ⣬εҡͷûֹͣ
ָͷһڿƲסԼһΪ
ܣû°ɣ
绰һͷĴ׵ļˡ
᰷һ
ʲôĴȻֻǷ롣
ǾǳᰴʱܷĳЩ顣
Ǵ޷̵ġ
û¡æӦܣȹҵ绰ˡ
³ȥԼᷢ߳ܵҲͲ塣
οںĸĸһҲ˵ĸĸһᡣ
ܣȱҵ绰ʵʵ˵ǲǳǼһΪ㣿ĻϹȥּŭԺлһǿĻ档
뵽ֻ棬ŭա
ᰵܾܣĲˡ
ʱѾ׻˵ڶ¡
ᰲʹӺ﷢߳ܵһӲסˡ
ݺݵĵɳһۣͻȻ֣ԭǹ⵷ңд֡
᰸ųһһ
ܲдǣ
ȳдᰵֳʮԵĺ֮ɫ
һﻹ˼ⲻΪ
ܣھ͹ȥ㣬ұͨȲҪһػʹߡ
Ȼ֪书ǿ·ȱ
֪д֮󣬾ԳȴһתòȥĽڣܣ岻̫˽ҽҿһԽܹȥˣ˼
˵仰̹Ҷϵ绰ȥĻᡣ
ᰵ㣬ʤЦ⡣
᰼Ȼҵ⣬̲סֵ˳һۡ
ˣ
֪ҴӦҪʹһҳԷ㻹ҡ
᰽˫˻һɫǵ̬
ԲӦġŬЦվùԱߵëᰲš
᰾Լչڳǰҧ촽Լͺá
صǿˣëᰣԼá
һƷŮԼ㣬ҲһӾܡ
ûĵʲô
ᰣĽҼƯġĵĳһ䡣
Ĵߣֻӹһ˿ϼ죬һڵ
˵ĶĻ˵ţĿȻһֻסᰵ硣
뿹ܶܲˡ
ߣа۾˲𣬾ǰԵһƽŮӣҲֻ۸Ȼ˵ߣȴͼѡ
Цԣа۾˲𣬾ǰԵһҪ۸һӣ
һ䣬§ѣ˫ƿг
ֻɳԵıš
һ䡰Ҫ۸һӡĵıɽڻһǣ֪ȥԼҪˡ




1803¡Ÿ
 

ͬʱ᰹Ҷϵ绰ĴȻŭģȴҪԼĸĸۡ赾ǰ΢Ц
Ȼɫ仯λ￴
ǲҼұʱԣˣڵ绰˵ʲô㾡ܸ˵ûϵġ赾ܺƵʵ
ᰵĶʧܣѾȥ¡
ԭۺͷ赾Գһ˿ңųܿͻŮǸ
ǹȥôãûκϢ
ۺͷ赾Ҫǿ֮ˣԼұŮȴ
ԴԼһǰ˾ϵ֮ǰʶĹڶͨʹϵǶԴƷ˳˽⡣
ҵòϿȷʵһ˲š
ۡ赾һŮҸиˣԾͰδŮӳĳɴ˴˴ס
ǿȻ涼㣬ȴڶԴŮϣǷǳǳʧġ
ٺãҲ޷ŮһҸ
˷ҲͲˡ
ֻ⼸òȰ˵ԼŮӦʹס
ͨ绰ӣֳ˱ԡ
赾һʣѰ˼ţҪҪѳ᰼˵
˵ĻܻᰵķС
Ҳȫûкô
ۡ赾˵ȥǼŮ϶Գ
һ룬װʵʵӻش塢̣˵ǼŵĳҽպûˣӦڰ᰿Ա˵ʱˡ
ʲô
ۡ赾һɫˡ
Ȼˣ
һȥǼᰣ
ȫ޷ܵġ
ô˼Ůʮ
ǿǵ˳£ûȵһǸ
ڳȴŮʹ׵ĵڳ֡
ⲻҪƻŮҸ
赾ʾϹȱϾڻǵŴһҵ档
ʵһ£ڷϢ˲֪顣
һֻ֪Ϊĳԭ򣬶ʧܡ
ȻҪԭΪ
òǻŮеƷ
Դĸĸ⣬¡
᰻ͳź˿ǿɾ޷ˡ
Ǵĸ״ΪڶöӳֿȥҪȦĸǿЦ
ܣǼұȷʵ֢ĿǰƹУӦˣ˵Բ𡣡赾˵ǳ壬Ȼļڸϻؼҿʲô滹Ƿǳɲʧȥôõδ׼ңɣҺͱȻȥ±ô»Լô
ʾһԼĲϾǰæ֮гջƶ׵ġ
ȴŮ˹Ÿˣݣʵǵ˺ܴӡ
¸׵ɫæȵûϵǶ⣬Ȼȥ±ᰰɣԷ£ʱԼ
Ǿͺá赾˵ţɫе㲻ÿֶԴһǸķǳ˼´μ棬һñ᰺ú񡣡
òã尢̣һ¡Ҳվ԰ۡ赾͵Ƶſڡ
ſں󣬷赾Դ˵͵ˣˡ˵ٹ죬ǼұᰵգÿԳô˻ʱǾͿԶϤһ¡
Ǳ𣿺õģ֪ˣһ׼ǰһ
һξѻᡣ
Ůӹգڹѧʱ֪ٴΡ
ϣյŮӶĸԸϴ
Ȼ׷ֱŮˣһʱֻҪ죬ᰶøо͹ˡ
΢Цҡֺۡ赾򸾸
ֻϣᰵĸĸϻؼֹġС
ҽҪе־ͺҹľˣʲôֶΣõᰵˣҲòġ۵ӹһ˿֮󣬱㷵ذԼĸĸ
ۺͷ赾ڸϻؼٶȷǳ졣
·ϣ赾룬ѯһϹ۸磬᰻ǼôæټǶһɣ
۵Ȼ֮ˡһߴ̣һ˵Ůڶϣ˵жû˱ΣǶҪñᰣܵ˺ǶжǿʽǲܰŮ޸ܳڶȥʲôɣŮעԵ޷ݡ




1804¡춹
 

۸磬ҲģܺãδҲŮˣֻҪƷû⣬Ǿͺúôϱ᰺;ɡ赾ʼգô㣬ǱȲϳ
Ͼǰңһ׿ҽĳɾ͡
ȻǿǱϾһŵýȫϵ
ۺͷ赾ΪδչӦûȴá
ʱգĳɾͶһгߡ
һ֮ۡ赾ֻܷļŮ
Ůʹ飬Ҳϼˡ
ڳ֮˱㲻ٶ˵רĿԼٹʮӾܵʡ¼ҡ
ʱᰣǱڻԹůŻ⡣
㻹뱧ʲôʱҰܺܿˡ᰸оźůֻȻʮ־ǿűɽܲõĸ߰
ЦЦǸҪǵǸ
㺦ҷŴһҵĸӣҰ϶ܲˬʱǸǲײͷ𣿡ûĵ˳һۡ
΢΢ͷΪһ޵ܲã̲סЦᰣΪ𣿡
ӻ˲Ż룡˵ţסĽһ£ŲſңҰô죿
ᰣ㲻ԭңҾԶſ֡ɴˣ
ǺΣåԼ书һᱡң㲻ſҵĻԶԭ㣡
ѧ˵ɸЦˡ
ԸɽܲãðԵʱԵʿɶֹʱҲҪÿƷִ硣
˳ɿ֣ûǿԭ
ֻоһգʧȥӵָоȷʵǺܺܡ
ֻ˫ֱء䵭ʱˣȥ
ᰣҹϻʡᣬò׼㣬ĸ𣿶Ұɽˮ˪廹Ǿ񶼷ǳƣҾסһɡƤҲ˫ġ
Щ仰Ц㻹ƣ˵ȥ˭ţҾ㣬ˣåˣϽȥƳ
ҾҪ
˵ţԹԵ߽ԡңź󣬺ܿ촫ˮ
᰿ԡţҧº촽
һʧ£ôøåˡ
֪ӲҪסȷʵ޿κΡ
ʣԼĸϳ
ᰲһش⡣
ֻɳϾȴϴ裬ԼȴĸĹ
ֻϣϴ㣬Ȼóȥͷ˯׼øĸײϡ
ڳϴܿ죬۷赾ûңϴˡ
ԡҳ¥ȥæϣҸ˵¥ͷ
·û¥ֱһȥ
ҵķ䣡ᰵЬڵذϷવ߼ڳǰ
ֲûͬ˯˯ķ䣬Ÿ׷ְ˵ùûʡ
㣡ᰲΪ֮ᣬͬʱҲе³ӲϹҿԭ㣡
ʱˣ˯ɡûӦᰣǰԼһ޼ɵ߽ᰵĹ뷿
Ӳĳѳϳʱ¥´ŵű˵ĽŲ
ˣҰˣһʾڷﲻҪȻϷţ¥
ᰣǲǼңۼŮĵһ仰˳
赾ҲеĿᰵ
ûʲô֮󣬲Է
ᰰٵĻشղѾˡ
ûʲôɣۻе㵣ġ
֪ŮԸ񣬲ԭ³ҺܿܶԳ˵һЩĻ
ԳҲпΪһʱ嶯Ůʲôǵľٶ
ҡҡͷûУҸպú֢ҿ²ˣǷģԭġ
Ǿͺá赾߹Ůĸ첲ᰣ˴һҸӣ´һҪȥҸ˵ˣգʱŪᣬúʶһ¡
裬пŪʲôᣬ˾æúܡҲ;ܾ˷赾顣
۵ǽ̳Ůô֪ܲҰҲΪãϣ㲻ҪһΪʧˡ
ĬȻǲ׼Ŀڡ
ǳ⼸䣬赾˵ᰣֵĻ˵˵㣬˵ûĲϲҲҪ˼ʽһʲôʱ򶪹
֡裬֪ˡ̾һվĸһΣеۣȥϢԼɡ
˵ţ᰷¥ԼķѷŹ
ۺͷ赾һۣŷ赾ºһЦҸŪԵ͵䣬˳̸̸ġ




1805¡̫
 

᰻ط󣬼ܲĴϣЦĿʱһ
߰ɣ
ôƣ㻹ߣһˤȵĻܸһ𣿡Цŷʵ
㣡
ᰱֻ֪ҪƤԼô˵
ɴ಻ȥߵߣ
Ϊƺ֢ŲĦľٶȷʵеů
ᰲ˶ʧȥԣɥʧԭ
ǳɵ˺ԶԶǳЩĵСٶֲ˵ġ
վڴߵᰣ˼ԼǲĻܹͳȥ
еǵ˺ۣǷܹϣ
뵽ݵλ뵽գᰶ֮·˻ɡ
Լѡԭ³ٶȾٰ磬ѱûеڶ˫վʽ
Ȼ˫飬ʮɡ
˳ĽͺҲܹ⡣
ǳջô룿
ȻͳŮѹϵǵļ˫ܹɹ
ôڶξٰĻЩնһ飬˵ͳɹˡ
Ƿh
ԷhԸ᰾ó顣
ǵhǳĳˣ᰼һĺǷhĻ϶ԥ
ԾѾг᰻ǲԼܺͳߵ
ᰣʲôӴվ𣬻ߵᰱʵ
ûлͷǾĿŴ⡣
ҹ¹⣬ڶ䣬ҫ׵ϣԵλ
ǿҲɵΪ֮һ
ᰣҪ̫ˡִסᰵ磬ĿڵѾɽٹûʲô赲һ𡣡
΢΢ҡͷתҲǲ㣬ǲԼԴӶʧ֮ҿҲ޷Ĵۡ
ᰡ
÷·౻һ£ε˵ĺܶԲҰ˺̫ˣҺúòɡ
˵ٴξٰ񣬷h飬㲻Ҫҽ飬㵽ʱɻ𣿡
仰ֱǶԳ꿽ʡ
û뵽
˫ʱͻȻ飬⣬ʵǱȻġ
Ϊ˫Ϊʦܹδ֪Լʱ֣١
ǳ޷ԤϣԼٴζĻh᲻ѧ˫顣
ԼûǵȴѾǵһ㡣
ʵϸ룬˵Ļпܡ
Լһʱ䣬Ҳȷʵ޷شᰵ⡣
ԷhԸڶ֮ģܺ˳ɻ
ҿ֮УȻһЦҰشɣ
ҡ޷
ƣͲɼãȫҪ
ѾĬŮˣգȫеͨġ
Ҫģֻһֶѡ
Ļǿ᰷֡
Σллҵ֮УƽҺܸˣʱ䣬Ǳ˴˶ú侲һ°ɡᰵת䡣
˵껰߻ش£ͳ־롣
ʱͻȻ
ᰶʱеˣĶԳ˵
΢Цҡͷܾ
ͨ͸֪ͫŵᰵ跽赾
ʱ赾һ࣬վڷſڡ
ᰣԣ㿪š
裬Һ׼˯ˣͰֳ԰ɡȻĻش
赾ûз˵Ů֪鲻ãĸŮ̸̸ģ𣿡
ǡ
ĸ˵ᰵǲþܾ
ķҪĸ׿Ļ
ϾóԼķˡ
һʱܾᣬֻʾ
ȴǷУֱЬɵϣ˯
ͬʱķ赾Ѿʼߴ٣ᰣ쿪Űɣô죬඼ˡ
˿᰺޲صĴȭ赾ڴߴ٣ʱûз赾ʱпŶ롣
Ȳѣֻҧҧץӽ˸סȻ߹ȥš
赾󣬲ûзִϵ
ƽñӿֻڴϡ
Ͷʲô£˵ܵöࡣ赾ЦŽ˸ᰣȻһڴߡ
ᰶ࣬۽۳λá
ɵĲû̫棬Ǻλֻס
ᰵĸһŲһ£඼ûˡ




1806¡Ծ
 

ᰣȳ԰߳Աġ赾ŮûжףΪ鲻óԲ¡
Ϊ˲ĸ׿Լ쳣ֻܿʼࡣ
һں˵裬컹Ҫأôº룬֮ûµģ㲻ҡ
ѽϲķǡ赾谮ᰵͷ΢Ц˵ͳ˵ʲô˵
Һʲô˵ġֿʼǿ
赾̾Ϣ˵ʲôã̫ˣʲôҪ£Ҫ궩߰ô͡͡
裬ȴȲҪߣҲ
᰾Ȼ⣬ĳ־ϲ
Ȼ᰻ġ
赾Ҳˣᰣ˵пԲߣˣ
šûзϣʱߵԭ򣬺Ͱֽ֮ͣʱľ
˵Ļǲǡ赾иϲɫ
Ůܹͳ޾ɺãǵȻò
Ȼ᰿Цҡҡͷ裬̫࣬Ĳپһα顣
ᰣʲô趼㣬Ȼ㲻ͳϣǾˡ赾ƽ˵Һֽʹ棬þܲҲź˽һˣգһΪٰһгɶԣʱѹء
лл裬ΪͰ֣Ҿȥһ´ɡ仰ʵ˵ĸ˵ĳġ
ųôգҲóһ³Դ׵ĸо
ᰵ͹˳̬
ɲΪʸĶ֡
赾˵ᰵգҪʲôá
ᰣôΪҺ֣ȥأӦΪԼ룬ҰòײɫôõŮѡ涼ܰ䣬Ҫúú˼ҷչһ£Ů֮ҪЩʱദܲ顣赾ỺԼŮھ顣
ǿЦһ£裬Ҿɡ
ţǾͺá赾ҲȰ˵ϾŮԸǱԽȰԽ
꣬ȥϴ裬һ˯òã
裬֪һֱϲһ˯ίܾ
赾ЦЦСʱ򻹲Ǳұ˯ģڳˣôˣ
û
⣬ȴ赾ͷŮȥϴˡ
˵仰赾Цվȥ
ȷ赾Զ᰽ڹ̨ϣֽƿסҪһ˯㻹˼𣿡
˼𣿡Цķʵ
Ҫᰱ΢΢죬㡢
ǲԼģҶȥ˵ŻһͷλãԼͷʡ
ҧҧǳ׶Գ޿κˡ
ӹȥ벻κó뿪ķ
ʱ赾ϴ贩ͳ˯½ڴ֮ǰѾ¸Ǻñӡ
ᰣҲȥϴɡ
еۣϴˣ˯ɣ˯档Ϊ˲ĸ׷ִϻһֻ
赾̲סȡЦᰣôƯôôأ趼ϴǵģ趼ˡ
裬ҪŮͻȥԼɡᰴ˿̰Ͳĸ
赾ֻ΢Цҡҡͷɵϡ
ᰵĴ˯ܿһ˯ռеխ
ᰲֻܾ߿
赾Լ˯ڴأǿڵᰣɽȥһ㣬˯ҹˤ´ġ
ҡᰲҷֻ濿ȥĸ첲Ȳ
᰽΢΢һ濿
˾Ŷ˯赾Ůҹ˵˼䣬ᰶûлӦΪŮ̫¾˯ţǲ˵
ʵԱи˯ţ
ͳų첲Ȳůǽɬա
óûгû磬ֻǹؾصţ⵹ľ⣬һѵĺƣŲĸܣ˯
Сʱȥ޶ᰲòǲ˯ˡ
ߣ˯ţԼ˯
ţͻȻ֣ԼȻܳ˯ϣһͳš
ʲôʱԳ̵ֵزˣ
һ֮᰸оԼû־
һ˵ôȴһ̳ȥƺܲԾ
ᰣ˯𣿡ͻȻ֮䣬һŵֱ
һߣȻҺ˵ֱ߸˿




1807¡һҹ
 

˪ݺݵĵɹ
ֻҿں˵Ȼͷ¶ӡ
ᰲҷֻ񾯸ȥȻ
ᰣѾ˯ˣûʲôùǵġǹЦ
赾΢Ҳܿڡ
תԴԼĸףֻ˯ˡ
Է
ȻԳѹ㵽ôѵҪ˯һϣ
ֻ㰡᰽ԣûֻдİ⣬֪֮϶ʧߣ㣬ߡ
ߣ顣ҧݣŬԼĲö
ǺһЦҲûϵҾ˽ҽȻҪչ˺˯ߣҸ㼸ѨλĦһ°ɣڿ˯
㡢ʲôᰶʱˡ
ɵҲˣھȻҶ
ɲóĻѭ浸صĸĦ
Ϊ˯һ𣬲ʲôú
Ҳ㲻
¶һ˯һߵķ赾ᱻѡ
ֻסϣʿɶֹ
᰿ߣҲ᰻᲻Όܣһִֻӱ쵽ᰵҪʼĦ
һ̣᰸оܹһĸо
ס֣ɽܲõĽԵ÷ǳ
Ѿʼʩչ֮ǰùĶذĦַѨλĦ
᰺ƿ֣ǳԾַһѨλϣȫ̱ˣ֫ٺģһҲ붯
ܿ᰾ͷֿɳʩΪ
ڳ׶ذĦַ£޾ӿᰣᰵԼ˯ź󣬳Щʲôǵֿס˯Ϯ֪˯˹ȥ
᰺ƽ೤˯ˣ΢΢һЦջԼ֣ڴϣתԹ
Ϳǹ˫֮Ϊ顣
һƳһ𣬲ûַ
Ϊһ᰸ϣûǵƳ˫֮
һҲҪƳ׼
ȻӰɹõ˫֮ͨŮҲãԽõŮԳԽ
ڳ֮Уʵģۡ
ʵҲԣڲ֪η
Ȼھ˯ڳߵᰡ
ĺĸ죬ʱͨŮҪһЩ
ҪˣﵽʣҪһʱ䡣
ġĺֻΪܹڹ캮
ˣⱾϾаҽóġ
Ĺ书Ҫá
Լʱգᰵʻпܳ顣
֮УĿǰֻܺ۽˫֮
Ŀǰû޸ϵھ˯ᰵĴϣҲǿ
һ飬Ȼ֪⣬漰Ů֮ܵ飬ܼһʱˮɲõġ
ֱܲȥ飬ҪҪ˫ޡ
Գվʵһ°ɹõ˫̺֮ĻǾٺƳһԡ
֮Уʱ䣬֪һҹȥ
赾𴲣߳ϴ׼ȥˣûзֳ
˯ʮ𣬾㶨Ӷѡ
Ը첲ͷ˯еıɽܲã֮ģһֵָֻᰱǼϹһ¡
һʶĿָȻ˯
һЦ˵ᰣҵɣú˯ˡ
ӯķ´ЬӺԾȻΪһӰ뿪ƬȺ
ʼգۺͷ赾ûڱһҹһŮߡ
ôͺۡ赾档
ʱˣٸʽǸ
뿪ᰵı󣬳ճϼϰࡣ
ãûĸˡ
˳¥Լİ칫ҡ
ʵİ칫ϣ˼ҪҪܡսԯսս
ԯսϵĹۣѾˣǳ߰š
ûа˵ҪУǰԸĻά֡
ֻǶԸάҪһһһ֣ԯսѱάֳͷ
Գյ뷨Ϊ˵
ҪҲΪֶΣԼ
˫֮ȻҲܰȴޡ
˫޵İºͬҲʿ
ţţ˵
칫ҵű򿪣߽һǻĴŮƷ




1808¡һ֮ڳ
 

ܵܣ簲ˣ󼦵;²֪ϲϲһһҡϹȻЦ⣬ߵǰ
û뵽Լ˫޵飬һˡ
۶ôûͱһ
˯ˣȥҾ
˵ţͷڰ칫ϣȻ˫˵ˮޱȹ˵Ŀųһ֮ڳܵܣôҪһ³˶
ȿȣ۶̫ðɣǰ칫ҡۼĻﹴһ˿а𣬵Ǿڰ칫ﲻ̫׵
ļԱȻûоûĸԱҴ
ǲһ򣬾һ
ۿЦʲôܵܣѵȥ£ͱ˾ˣɲţý̽һ£ǿûС
仰˵꣬һ̧ǰİ칫ϣԵøӵķ֡䡣
û뵽۾Ȼ󵨵ֵزֻоһ˱Ƕǳš
õԼƵˮ綥ˮƷƻҪš
˿ʮջ˵ܵܣ㲻ʱ䣬㿴һЩƬӣѧ˲¼ɣҪҪأ
仰аǣ˿ر˵һ䣺ɧ
׼һʱסֵ۶ʵʵһ˫ֹܹ֮ٽҵΪҲкô˵һ¾ķš
Ŷ㻹˫֮Ǿ͸ˣһԵø˷ܣʼȷˣ˵ַŵĻɻҪңǲǣ
ȷʵġеЦá
׷Ĳʵǿֻ˵Ĺǣü˫һǰĻܿϱҲǺת
ǸϽʼɣ˫һţѸ߸Ьߵ
һЦȰѷ˵꣬һϸطš
ڣ
̲סЦ
ܵܣ˵ô࣬úٸʲôѧоһ
ȿȣ˵ôˣϸҽ
ʼ˫֮
ʱһһȥһγԻʱȽ϶࣬ܿһСʱȥˡ
۽ʱ˳ְŹغãһСʱû˭ˡ
۵㺹ʱŽⳡڡ
һʵ˷ǳ˳ɡ
̣ԤĻҪˬöࡣ
ϸϸлõĶ
ν˫ޣԭǵ֮ͨ»̲ȡԪԪ
Ȼ޵֮ˣܴϻԪ
ֻһСʱʱ䣬Ϊʤޡ
Ȼҹҹ˫ޣǿ϶ȲΪģҪ֮Ժ㡣
ͬʱ۵ʣҲǱĬı졣
ܵܣⷨʵ̫ˡǰôͽ˵ء۵ſڳͷϣ˵
һЦǰõķ̫Եõǻ棬˺
ʲôиԵģ㲻£㶥ס㾡ܶðɣһ
Цҡҡͷ¶ҪųжȣһκۣӦٿøԵķš
ڴŶ˵ţڳһڡ
ͻȻ䣬ſִ
·һ˵һ߿͸ͫ⿴ȥ
ԭŵƳΡ
۴¶ܿ죬ʱʹӲƬƱظսʱӡ
ȻȻ߹ȥš
С㣬ôƳμŵۣ΢΢졣
ЦӯӯĵܵͰ
Ƴ˵ȥ
ŵ칫һ޵ζ
Ȼ۵ĶͷϣȻһϸ
С㣬ˣôһأ
Ƴεʣһ£Ȼֲȥͷϵĺ飺ü곿˶ְܵͣԹʱˣⲻǺ𣿡
𣿡
ƳȻ棬Ҳ׷ʣǿ
ƳΣʲôµʵ
Ȼ㣬ϺұɹûСƳεźĴ۾ߵʵ˵ôˣ
ûúҸϡҡҡͷ
ƳζʱһʧһΪɹأϾ㶼ĳˡ
ȻûɹҾûܴ󡣡仰˵úš
Ϊ̬̫ˣǿóġ




1809¡̸
 

Ͼϵ֪Լ޻ᡣ
ȴһܾٶҲΪˣԽԽġ
ɽܲûģֻʱȥԼء
ҪٽƳιǵ춹ģӲֻҪֹģԭġ
ԸǰŸսܵܣŶҲЦŸ
΢΢һЦҲٹǱᰵգӦʱ˫ĸ϶ûǡ
Ҹո˵ұأԭ֪˰
ƳһǸȻҪ¶֮ɫǸǲ֪ôұ˵ʱ򣬶չ׷󣬶ҿ϶Ǵ̸˵ˣŲԴӦģҿҲһᣬʱñμӣǸ
Сҡҡͷñη˼Ҹӣñ᰺
Ǹô죿ѵñʹһƳβų˵
ҲΪ棬飬̵
ܵ˵Ȼǲᣬǿȥᰰᰡ
Ƴκǰһԭִ㡣
Ǵϣѱ𣿾충磬˫һƳ˵ƺò̫ǡࡣ
֮Ц
еεĵƳΣɱ𱻱Ҳ㰴˵ȥϸѡ
úúһʲôѹ˼ҿȫǰʮĶӣʱ͸ұ϶ֵ޿ɹƳβ
ȻԳĲƲ֪ǳǮͬ˱ȵùĺ١
иǮϵҪĻͲ
һúһµġϺʹƴ
ȻҪǿ϶ѡܹᰲж
ƳκҲ԰һ롣
ţš
Ƴιȥš
վſڵˣü
ԭǴˡ
ҳ𣿡Ƴβʵ
ŵᰵıãЦžϺãҳҽ̸顣
Ŷɡ
Ȼ̸µģƳҲΪֻô
ڶ˻죬֪ΪˬԼڻҳǰ
ȻûΪ飬ᰵ׷
칫ﲻֹһˣһģƳΡŮڳ칫棬Щʵͬʱڰ²⣬ųҽͲŮϵѵܵıúŮڣͳҽһȣ
һģⷽ¡
ƳκȻҲǾɫôĶ֪Լ޷ͬʱԦüɫŮֻҪõһ㡣
óŮһ㣬ᰶԳġ
뵽ɫĶԳ΢ЦкҽϺãˡ
ȳȥɡۺƳ˵
Ůԭ˵Ϊ˱ӣҲֻ뿪칫ҡ
ΪңۡƳߺ󣬳㿪żɽʵ
ЦһָͣܿȻ
ҽǲ̸˽£̸ֻ£ڹҽѧչһ飬㻹йź
û뵽Ȼһ̸¡
ʲô˵
Ķ棬٩٩̸ҽҽѧҪһµͷʵҽӦóô˻վϣס޴̻ܳΪҽѧ´ˣʱڵҽҩ۸ƶۡƹ㣬˵㣿
Ǻǣûô򵥰ɡôⷬ˵̫ٴˣֺ֪ʵǹڹҽѧĸ£ǵܸ㶨ģȲ˵ܲܵ´ˣǵˣҽѧЩʩΪһ漰ǵ棬˭Ҳòݺҧһڡ
ҽ˵û
ǹŵЦ⣬漴һת
ֻҪǺʢźЩⶼ⡣
ܲܵ´ˣΪѶȣһǻĹϵҽʵԷڣһҪǺʢŵӪʵǿԲƳɱϹҽѧ´˵λá




1810¡
 

سҽ˵ġսԯսɡ
˵ţվڰ칫ⲽ
ԯս˵ǻĲǿֱԴͨ΢ÿ춼΢ǰ˵ʲô
˵ٷڱ󻨴Ӫ
ڹٷĴӪ£ԯսѾȡ˵еаۣΪһǿ֡
ܺܶڲΪԯսʵаǿֻҪӪλԯս޸֮ٷ˵սս˵ǻǿ֣ǻǿ֣
״˵ʲôˡ
ֻ˵ҽҽѧˮƽҲǹڵһǰУЩҽûܺȣҽǵӪϹҽѧ´˵ıȫ⡣
ǸͨһҽѧЭ᳤ͷ̵ôǮҿţ˻ʱϰʲռҽѧ·ڣ׬ǮԱͨ׬ö࣡
˵װһȤӡ
״紫ųҽӽǮڿǸǮ࣡
ڶϰڵǰʥ˶ᶯġ
óΪҽѧһһ㣬׬׬
ȻǮһ£ҪҪΰסҽѧôԶԶǽǮԺġ
ҽ㵣ĵĵڶ⣬¹ҽѧЩָԤ͸ûˣϵҽѧרңҪǴ棡˵
ҽ˵ûǰûɽģǼȻҾ£һ㿸סЩĸԤҽ㾡ܷģܳκʧǺʢеΣ
˵ȷʵˡ
ȻΪӴҲΪνĹҽѧ´λá
Դӻаҽʶҽѧ̫ȱݡ
ҽҽ֮Բض˵
ҽʧ˶ҽƫµʱҽԼĹұҽѹ
Գ;еҽ޵ʷΡ
ڶǹҽѧ
кܶƽϡѵĺҽ
רעھ˺ҽѧУĻȨȴĳЩʬλز͵ҽѧשҡѿš
ϹҽѧЭỪķ᳤ֻͨԻҽѧ޹ףȴӵмȨ
ҲΪͨ˵ĴڣҽŻû䡣
ȷʵ˵ҽѧ缱һ´ˣ档
ԼʱվˣҪ飬ҽվʱҽѧ̨ڹڸˣȻ硣
ⲢǵһƹҽͿġ
绪򣬳һԱŽܸı档
Ҫı仪󣬾͵ôµϽг׵ĸ¡
ҽҲˡ
ũTVúܶ˶ҽµʶҲһЩѧҽ˶ҽŨȤ
Ըҽ˵ԶԶ
ҪϹڵҽѧרңЩҽѧרȫ֧ϰҽдƹ㡣
һϣҪõʽ𡢹ϵ㲻ˡ
óҽ֮ΪԼĲʱʵҲڿôۺҽ
ڴóܴĳ⣬˵ֶܳʧɴҳе
úôһѡ
˵һúÿǡ
ɣǴǣͷȫҽƶʡٰһλҽѧᣬʱһЩҽֻͬҽѧδƼԼΪ´ˣȻⶨһݸҽļƻ
Ӧϲɫ
ڳҪⶨʲôҽƻһ㶼ں
Ҫǣδٰܾɹضܻü档
ҽǴǣͷٰȫû⣡벹һЩϸڡ˷˵
˵
֪϶ֻǣͷ
Ȼ˼󿪿ڵⶨҽƻ֮⣬ܷƶһݹڹҽҩ۵ı׼أֻҪ׼ʱڵҽҩȫۣҲ൱¢˹ҽҩһ飬ҽҲ֪ҩҵжôһƻɹҹͬΪǧڸȫΣ
Ҳͬ⡣Ҳ룬ܾ̾
ʱһ㵣ôõ׬ǮᣬȻҪ
ղ˵Ϊǧڸ̣һҲţе㱣ˡ
ܹ¢ϹҽҩĻ˵ǧڸˣܹսһ¹׸λá
ȫ˵ĽǶȥǣֻ봴󻯡
ֻͬ븴ҽƳɱر
水飬ƶҽҩ۵ı׼ôʱΪĲںͼ۸һ飬϶伫
Ϊ˻øֵҩгղ𺦹ߵ棬Ҳùҽѧ糹ʧȥ




1811¡
 

Ҫƶҽҩ۱׼飬Ȼĺǲ
ΪҪ󣬳ӦûˬĴӦŶԡ
Ͼ漰Ӵ棬ֻҪܹжôȫҽҩ֮ǴҵĲԴͻԴԴ
û뵽ȻǶһ£ֱӾܾ
Ĳɰҽǲǻˡ
ô׵׬ǮʽȻӦ
ҽҵ飬ʲô֮ôȻĺܲˬ滹װӡ
óһܹûʵɣڹҽҩ۱׼һ飬ٷѿص÷ǳϸͼ¢ϣضᱻٷʩϳͣʱ˵ʲôҽٷ϶ǹҽѧ´ˣʱʲô鶼ɣյĽֻʧܡ
ԭҽǳĿǡ
¶Ȼɫ
û뵽¢϶ۣܻӴһ㡣
Ȼ紫ҽֻǾͨҽҵһϲͨ
һ룬ͷĶˡ
Ҫһҵ׳գ˵ǳ򵥡
ԽһתЦҽ¹ٷ֣ǾǶˣҸ׺治ٴﶼн飬ֻҪ΢һ£Ǳһ·̵ͨУҹڵҽҩѿأһֱʵɣʵط֮ҽҩ۸񶼲֪ٴˣϾÿҽҩ̶߼۸񣬱ۻпӪɱʱɱȵȣܹ֮¢ҽҩۣٷǱ߷ǳ˵
֪ʲô˼
ҹӣΪͽǮԸ㶨˵⡣
ȻϰִöɲӦ
Ҿʵʵ˵ɣҲϣҽҩ۳¢ϰûκκôҲӰҶҽƹ㡣
Щϰչ߼۸ҩǻҽ𣿶ҽҩ۸׼ϸƶģ˵ǻǶҽ
仰ǶԴ̯ƣ̬ȲǴΪƣҪǸҽ츣ա
ԣһЦ
һʼΪǵĹٷָԤ
ԭ˵ԼϣǺʢ¢Ϲҽҩ̫߼۸
һڿ˵ҪҽԴ˵ֻһ翵顣
԰æƹҽĿֻǴŸҽţıȡ޴档
ҽܹܲˣһ㶼á
ΪˣʲôҵΪҪǵľǷչܿء
ҽڴʵǷռߵġ
ӦȻҪƶҽҩ۵ı׼
ֻڴΪ˸ҽϧһдۣ׾ٻȡ涼Ҫ
⣬ƣ
ҽһ
˼һ󣬴ڱ粵
ƶҽҩ۸׼ǰǣѾɹùҽѧ绰Ȩ
ǰ£ҵضܹɹʵС
ΪҽǺҽɹˣôҽڹڻʲôλʱڻṺҩֻҪۡһ飬Ƕ໨ЩǮãϰҩҩͷ˵㣿
Գҽ㵣ҩҩ󣬵ϰջȥҩӰҽȫġ
ǵ¢£ҩٹϰҲò򡣡
Խ˵Խ˷ܣԼļƻȱ
ͲŻ˵ֵز벻ͨ
Ȼס۾ʱȴ̺һ˿Ȼ
ѾûкıҪˡ
ΪҵĿ꣬ȫۡ
һֻΪĲҸҽļƻԾڴˡ
⣿һ£û뵽˵Ͳô죬ҽûٿһ£ϣ㲻ҪΪ˽µ飬̫ǵľ
Ǳ˼˵׷˽£ΪеһҪء
ȻӺʹ̸ûѴᰵ׶󣬶ǽһܹҽġˡѡ
Ҿͼֱӵ˵ɡ
֮ĺҸҽһ㣬ȻֻҪԸṩʽЭҲģҪҽΪԼĲƣǾ̸
ҽɲǺ̬ȣҲĸ֮ˣȻҪΪδԱܵˣ
Ҫû㣬ҽǹӪһ飬綥Ĵڣ
һˮƽˣܰװɷһĵĴǣ




1812¡
 

Գҽ㲻ǺĻǻҽҽѧ´ˣǷ㲻ɣ
ʱôһ⣬ɾûˣ
ⷬ˵úܲ
ΪΪԼѾڲ֮ء
ҽǺܸҽѧһûһܺͳȵġ
Σ
ҽôߣòҽѧ߻Ȩ
ֻҪǺʢԸ⣬ͿԴһҽѧǡ
ԼӪ´ˣÿơ
Ǵõĵڶ׷
ѾǰԤϳ󲻻ӦǺһ㡣
ֻǵľ֮󣬳ֻޱİֵߣͣ
ãܺãϣҽ㲻Ҫڣ
һЦӰ칫վ
Ҫ߳칫ҵʱͻȻʲôͷ˵ҽܵգһΪʱҺܻӭμᣬǻǾ仰ϣҾ뿿ˣǱ㲻Ӻɷ򣡡
Ǻǣ㲻Ҷ𣿡мĻӦĺˣ㻹ûҳֵʸ񣡡
㣡
ŭ𣬵ͷҲص߳칫ҡ
Ŀʹ뿪⽥
ѾԤϵʧܺ󣬿϶һϵĴʩ
һҽѧרҵܣҽѧרϹҽѧ´˵λãǿԤġ
Ŵܻܿҽ˴죬ƭùһҽרҵȻ˳µƶҽҩ۱׼һƻ
Գ֪ԼӦǰӦԷ
˼һ֮󣬳óֻ˾ҽԺԺѵĵ绰

ʱ䣬ܿȥ
һ죬᰻æµ
ڼûйᰣᰱ־롣
᰷ǳ棬ջʱһƬȣ뾡ġ
ȴ˼Ƶģ˾ˣҲ֪ܵȥ
᰾ãƳΣ죬Ҳصģһʱʱʱ¶ֵЦ⡣
ƳκüΣƳÿλش˵ûʲô
Ƴʲô˵ᰶŲµóƳκ۵ľٶܸܿйء
һϣԭӰࡣ
ֻ֮ǰӦ˸ĸͬΪٰᣬòӺ
¥ͣţ¥ɨͣһۣûзֳϴ֡
΢΢Щʧ䡣
ѵˣ
ܣʲôϳɡϹʿЦ˵
ֻϴĳһͬǰص㣬һרų˾ٰĺ
·ϣЦܣһЩѣΪЩͬˣϣ㲻⡣
Ҳᡣ΢΢ҡͷ
úùһա
ǺȫûоһǾûζˡ
ˡͻȻһ£Һæ㣬ûкͳ̸
ǳźҽͬû̸ɹϧĿǻش
΢΢üΪʲôͳָ֧ҽʲôͻ𣿡
ûڳҽ֮ǰ͸ҵ̬ȣȷʵָ֧ҽԲŻϼš
ɲ˵ǰͳ̸ݡ
̸޸һ£Լľбø
ܣҸΪҽҪһ㣬ǰѹҽѧ绰ȨƿѡҽΪҽѧ´ˡ
ͬ𣿡᰺ʵ
֪һֱ븴ҽ水˵ǶԳҽļƻа
ҡҡͷҽȻͬˣҲĵǣ¢Ϲҽҩһ飬ԸҽǳаǳҽΪеǣҩ¢Ϻ󣬻õӰ졣
ԭˡûбκ
Ŵһ֮ʡ
¢ҩӰ죬Ǻġ
˷Ļе⡣
ܹ²⵽¢ҩɲֹǸҽô򵥡
κһҵ¢ϣ¢߶þ޴档
ͳķ磬ܿԭ
ֻʣȹ˽ʳ˽顣
Сʱ󣬴ĳͣһ֮ǰ
ƻԻͣõŮ̸Цʱе
ܣ³󣬸ᰴ򿪳š
˫ĸĸᵽ߿֮󣬾֮ľۻᣬǾͲˡ
ҲΪۺͷ赾ԴƷȽϷġ




1813¡
 

߽ʱ򣬻ͷһ¡
ܸоͻȻǰ󣬸һϲ
ӴΪٰߡ
ֻһԸĻ롣
ÿŮԼͰ߽ãֻΣʱ˲߲
ڴǰһֻ룬ûΪ
ܣʵһ˳ҽã㲻õĴûˡǡôıֳԼܵһ档
ԣ΢΢졣
׷Ȼڽ
ĹӸ磬ǳߣҲǳȣǰЩ
᰻ȫ㿼ǴӦ׷ҲӸ
󣬱һƬʢĻӭ
٣λƶʡһŮСǾΪˣ
СƯȻ鴫
һ̾𣬱ĶʮŮΪᰵľޡ
ǳʱ̡
ȻᰰֻûһƲʲôϣһŮ˱ӡ
ǣ˵ûλǽŮǣС㣡
ڶ฻ѽܵ
ΪڶӸ磬ȻҲͬݵλ
˵ģǹڶȦȺˡ
ƽʱЩϵرܡ棬ͣһط
ܹΪһᣬټһ𣬿ɼȦλͬһ㡣
ȻһϰִĹ͡
֮󣬶ʮŮ׷ǰ᰽ύ
ᰵͷ΢ЦһһӦڡ
ʵȺһˡ
ᣬһ֮Գе˼ҵΡ
ϼŵĴСٳ֣һ̷ɡ
ȺͲһˡ
ԡȡ桢֣ͨ
ͬųܣΪϰ࣬ЩΪѰ̼
˵йͬĻǾЩδҲһȥ̳мҵ
ǵҲ˿ʼӪеһֲҵֻǴ֡Ʊʡ
ķټ
һύ֮󣬽ڡ
һŮԱ΢ЦŵƳӱ߳
Ƿ׷ֻա
ȵȡͻȻڰ֣ʾŮԱȱ򿪵ӡ
٣ҪŮڻҪʲôˣһٲʵ
ſڣ˳ҽûȵɡ
ҽŮǸϯҽʦ
ûش
ʮҪԼͬ¶Ź֮ɫ
ڳᰵİԣ֮ǰ˵ˡ
Щ֪ףһСϢ
ݲɿţŮѣѾ׼顣
֪ʲôԭֲͣЩĬΪᰵǰѡ
ᰵգᰵǰѹʲô˼
뵽Щȫ˷
ѵٴһǸҽ
Ⲣûпܵ顣
Ŵų桢ᰱ׵ĳ棬ǾǶԳ衣
٣氡һʹϵϺõĸϷʶ
תͷǸЦȥϹ˵ҽ½ѣҲܵĵ۰μʲô⣿
仰ĸȻûٿЦϵĹŹЦȴԽԽŨˡ
ǿɲŴôһ
˽ж裬
ܣǵһ³ҽ԰ɣƽᰵ
ᰲЩǰֳԳ⣬ǵν
ʮһɽܲûĺǸҽֲˣԭԷ顣
ǶóᰵƢܿһԶԭµԸ
Ǹҽȡ裿
ţͻȻսƹ⡣
ۿȥֻһɫͳܣͣڱſڡ
รڰʿһֽ̰ܵг
ĳӣۿﶼܳΪ㡣
οЩʶĶǰ
ûɣǻʵĺڰʿܣһֱҰָ߼չϧڰʿ棬ڲܻǮ򲻵
ЩĿ£ЯƳΡŮ³Ȼ
˶ƳΡ۵òֻдע⵽Ȼֶ
ƳκҲû
ô̲סǣЦﶼûô




1814¡ر
 

֣ĵһӦǾϲ
Ҳܿ췢֣ûд
᰸еЩ⡣
ΪƳΡأΪ׼ر
ԭԼˡ
ΣѾǳ㡣
Լյʱİ֮ߡ
ҽһ£λǳҽλܵıƳС㣬λܵĺС㡣һ̬ܿĸܡ
ڳʮûнʶȤ
Ȼҽܸߣһ½
Ϊŵĸ߰
ǵļ壬ƽʱʲôСȥҽԺòŽύ
ǳߵƳκۣЩӸŨȤ
٣ԼСˣȻûССʶѻ𣿡һźɫСװĸЦŵ٩
ȻδȴӦĻͻȻӦһĿ⡣
Ŀ⣬ǳġ
Ǹһʱоһ·һವķǳܡ
ӸĸҲǴͬС졣
ǶƳκ۲뷨ģĿ⿴ȫ
ĲԼͬ뵽ҽҲ̫ˣ
ȻᵽƳκ۶ˡ
ѵŮǳҽŮѣ
Ļô£
ЩĹӸ磬ͻȻֳйϵô򵥡
ȿȣҪǸлͱ˵ˡա
ơ
ʵղűƣٷ֮һ
Щеܲˡ
ǳױڳûһվס
֣ŮԱѵƵǰ
򿪸ӺŮԱȼϵΨһһ
Űѱеƹص
⣬Χ˹
ƳκۣΧߣһЦ
վᰶ棬Ŀҫµıɽˡ
ֵһո裡ףտ֣
ףտ֡ףտ֡
Ǻһ
һո質꣬Ǵ򻷽ڡ
ԭ̣ɴ֡
վߵƳȿڵ㣬ԸȻɡ
š΢Цͷ۾˫ֺǰʼԸ
һʱ仹ûʲôԸ
˼ʮӹȥᰶû۾ܺʲôԸҪôʱ䡣
ʱĳڤڤ֮кᰲһ˿ӦܹоõԸ϶йء
ʵϳĸоûµԸȷʵ֡
ֻѾ㽫ԸΪĵ̵ܣ׸߳
Ը֮۾
֣лšտ֡ĸ֡
ŮԱ˱ĵƣʮ׷óԼ׼õ͸ᰡ
ЩȫֵƣҪôΣҪôǾµƷװ
һһա
ֻǸպʹʶǵĹܽա
һﶼûգڳĸȻе㲻
һš߸ϵүС㣿
ƽʱǱǿղա
Լƶʡڴϸȴա
ᰵݵλľٶǶǴĲ
ǵɫЦŴԲҶǱôصˣô˼գȰɡ
˵仰ֿᰡ
ܣǵﶼˣ͵һҪ¡
ҲգȰѻ˵ãᰵļҽ̣ȫ顣
ûлشҲĬϣŮԱ֡
ǸŮԱǽϵһť֮󣬱ϷһƬĻȻʼһƵ
ֻƵһŷʽĽǰվżװˣŮȫЦ⡣
˵ĵһ仰ףտ֡
ܣΪر׼ԺЦ˵
ᰲԣ˼˵տ֣
˵޾ϲ֮
ǳƵ۵׸һ˿ζ֮ɫ
ֻƵһװǰҽܵСãǹǳЭԱܴУǽ͸һϵǣϣϲ
ᰲ΢΢һ
ȻҪһϵǣ
ʮûյر




1815¡ûио
 

ϵľ֮ɫ֪Ѿɹһˡ
֮£̲סƳ˳һۡ
ֻһνվ棬Ҳûֳּ֮ɫ
ôĲˬͬʱһ䣺ߣܶҪˣ㻹װῴôװ
ڴĿ֮£Ƶװм˵
͸Сһ֮ǰһ㣬ǾǹǳЭᣬȨС㲻صģǲϡ
ÿǿգԿ֮ǡ
Ϲ涨ϵĴ󲿷ǶȫУκ˲öĳ˵˽˲ƲΥΪ
ĳЩңԶϵǣǿͨǹǳЭṺġ
Ϊڹ֯ͨǹ֮ǻὫõĽǮͶҵ֮С
˺ܶΪӵһǣǹǳЭϵ
СԿݹ¼ֹΪ֮Ѿʮǧٰʮǹǡ
ݹϣֶ˴ү֡
᰺һ̯ͬһȻдŸҵ
ǳԼ׽
ǳǳǳӣ᰿һ۾Ͳˡ
ĸǳֺĽ׽
ÿһǳĽ׽ʮϡ
һǣֻҪʮʮ𣬺ܱˡ
ϵĴ˵ʮʮѾһܴ֡
ᰴδ˵ǳЭᣬѾʮǹǡ
Ҳ˵Ǵǵ룬ߴ߰ٶǧڡ
ּûгɱֱ̫׬Ǯˣ
Ѵ󲿷Ͷ빫ҵ֮УǳЭ˻׬
ǵһ㣬е㻳֯ʵԡ
Ԥϵпܻ᲻ţŵЦܣҵϣҵݱܸһٵЭṺǣҲ˷Ǯ
ûлش𣬶ǼƵ
ֻƵҵЦ˵С㣬ҪϲһźرǣΪλھԼ107ڹİ2029ϵȺ֮УϵӵдǣIC1101235Ҳڸǣ̫ϵȻڣҲǴŴү쳤ؾáʯõ⡣
ϵЦŨˡ
ֱֱĶᰵڴ׵Ͽж֮ɫ
ȻֻòԵЦһ£ûʲôرĸо
ǳģȻжԱ
ǵǴôܲо
ɫûʲô仯ɽŮȻôݵġ
һж֮С
ƵĻС㣬޼ۣǱһǵļֵߴһǹǳЭ۸һ֮һ
һ𣿡
Ķʮȫ¶֮ɫ
٣ð
ôǮΪһſǣ
رС϶ܸ˵£
Щ׷壬ա
ֻгƳκˣûܵյӰ졣
ʱˣӱóһ֤̽飬˫ֽ֤ʵǰ򿪡
ᰣǹǳЭ֤ǳӵ֤Эĸ£ֻҪǩԼ֣ͽǵȨ
Ϊ˲ᰵĻģڴ˿̸ı˳ƺ
ᰲ⡣
˵󣬴óһֻĸֱʣʾ᰽ӹȥǩ
ͬʱΧҵ
κŮˣ˿̶жһͿԥͻùֱǩԼ֣Ȼ
ƫƫΪرŮˡ
ûΪһһǣһ˿ж
̫ˣ򲻿¡
Ҳǩջȥɡ
ҡͷܾһ¡
ʮʮȵպеλ£Ȼ᰾ܾˣ
ȫŵ顣
һһǣٱŮЦһЦ
ᰴʼգûκɫ仯
˴£ôඥѼ֤ʲô壿
һ̣ķǳˬĶʮҲЦе㽩Ӳ




1816¡ڳƳ
 

Щʵ̫̫ˣ
ȻڹƷһŮ
ֲûּġ
ЩӸ绹˯ڶߵŮǡ
ֻҪǮλƯŮԼĸ߰
һһЦ
ıɽŮδ߰ͷ
С㣬Ͳ̫˰ɣ
ǣܾǵˣپ׼ôرҲգǲ̫ӣ
ڳкüȥǻ
һɣ̫ˣҲգ˼
ᰣղƵﶼ˵ˣ޼ۣҶһƬ⣬͹󲻹޹أ¿𣿡ǵһΰڳô͵̬
ǰŮȴˡ
Ҳ±ڳôȡЦ˵򹷡
ֻҪܵõᰵķģΪֵزȫֵõġ
ٴίܾվߵƳͻȻ˵ȵȣ㣬㲻ҪǩǩҲûãΪ֤ʵǼٵģ
Ƴδ˻һ˾¶˼֮ɫ
ٻѰǣܵþȻ˵Ǽٵģ
ⲻ൱ɴ
һº΢ЦС㣬ǳӵ֤ް٣㲻ŵĻҿ԰㲦ǳЭĵ绰ԼԸȷһ£Σ
ƳҡҡͷȻ֮˵֤϶ǼٵģҪʲôǳЭȷϡ
ŶС˼ƺɹǳЭȨ
ˣƳͻȻվɣܿǳ⡣
ԭֶͼƻΪ᰾׼ᡣ
뵽һ㣬ǳ򶨣ɲΪСʲôá
һƬΪСȽϣС
ֻҪǰֳӣŽױȥ
С㣬Ҫֹ֪ĿǰʮǳЭṺǣÿ˶ʮϣѵЩǮ˶ɵ𣿡
ԴķʣƳβŲæ¶ϷʵЦ⡣
äһ㡣
ǳЭƵǳʾѵһģ
֮ǰɴûĹʹ֯
ҾʱƵƭˣһѵɣ
Ƴ˵꣬һԵ̲סݸһЦ
һ𶪽ˮĸо¶̫ܡ
пһ𣬻Ǻܴݵ˵С㣬Ϊҹ֮ǰûҵܵǳЭαһ˵ıûһٵĿԣ
Ŷ𣿡
Ƴο˳һۣȻְĿתشϡ
㣬ǳЭ㲻ٷ֯
⡭
һʱǱ⿨һԴ
֮ǰûǹǳЭʡ
ϺܶȨԵĴ֯һ͹ٷҹ
ֻҪǳЭʵȨԼߣɲ֯ڹٷ
ƳεʣֻʵشȻ㡣
ǾͶˡ
Ƴ֣ʼŪ⼸񲹵֪ʶ
֪ϸΪĹٷֻһңǾǹ֯
ң֯κˡѧңΪҪ󡣡
һǳйصĹٷ׹NASAҲй涨κ˲Լ˽˲Ʋ
ôʣνĹǳЭᣬʲôȨǣùΪ
Ƴⷬڳĸһһ㶵ġ
ǻ治֪֪ⷽʶ
һƳбԽҲתü죬ܿͻӦϺܶ飬ڼٷһȨģȻʮ˻Ѹ߼ǳЭṺǣ֤ЭмߵȨֻҪϿɣùʲô֯׹NASAĹ涨𣿡
ˡ
ƳϵӦСļյ֪ǿΥΪݡڸ̽ðռԭԼýռռΪУҲ˵ĸǿĳģǾȫйΪУ
Ƴ˵Ц
СԽԽţƣ
Ƴ˵Ļ治ǳع涨
ڳЩѾƳλסˡ
˶ݵȻ
ʵ֪ǳЭǣȷʵڲΪ




1817¡һˮƯ
 

ôȥʮЭṺǣЭỹû⵽κԹٷĳͷ
һҪԭǾǹǳЭڹ֯ö𣬸ٷҲһֻۡһֻˡ
ҪȻôɵһΥǣ
С㣬Ҳ˵Ĺ涨ģΣһǳɹһǣ㹻ˣƳμϻ
ȥò׺гգȫҪƳƻøɸɾ
ҲǴΪﵽĿġ
ȻƳ
Ͱ˵ǳЭȨֻ֯ϧӽ쿪ʼЭ᲻Ȩˣ㹺ҲڽʧЧ
С㣬Ҳ˵ʲô
ƳεĻܿЦֱں
ǿƳᰱõķϣ϶ᡰĽƳȥ
Բ˵Ļֻž֪ǳЭʽȡޣ
Ƴ˵Ҳѿڶܣ
ֻòܣƳεĻѾ̲סóֻʼڹǳЭš
һ鲻֪ԭѾַˣ
ᰴһͷȻǡ21ƭ֡ʮ˱ǳЭƭÿ˻ʮЭṺǣ
֮⣬õ΢š֪΢ȻȡϢѶֻAPPȫԵʽըţ
һ֮£ɵۡ
֮ǰǳЭỹӪúúõģôһ֮䣬ͱٷϷ
ŵķ飬ԭǳЭᱻȡ޵ԭ򣬾ΪЭó棬ʵȴӴʽϴǮ
ϴǮΪǳأûԭ򣬸ع⡣
ǵعԴǹʰʱɵٴξ
ʰϴǮıӻ
ӻȻԼѴͻ˳
Ҫ֪ǳЭùʰϴǮʰܴлȡʮֲƵĳɣ
Զϲ·
һϴǮĿͻ
˲飬ζŹʰó
ʵͰǰǳЭϴǮǱʰسģ
ɵţ
Ҳһ֮ɫ
ֲƳ˵ǽʧЧԭˣ
ǳЭѾҲ˵һˮƯˣ
ʮǵˣߵָЭᣬǮû
ֵ÷з
˿̵ĴʮΣ֪ᰡ
ᵽǳЭᱻȡ޵ԭ򣬳ϴǮ֮⣬ĵǣǱΥΪ
ҲζţԼԼΥ͸ᰡ
ֳ飬ôܻΪرж
ûЦͲˡ
εͬʱĲɰ뵽ѵ˴¼ǳ߻ģ
²⡣
ĸͣùʰعǳЭᡣ
һ֮¶޷ùʰ顣
Ͼʰ֯ǸٷΪɵĴڣһǾˮˮ
մֻϵùǡǵһ죬ǳЭͳˡ
һˮƯС˷ļƻʧ´
ᰣԲû뵽飬Ϊ˱ʾҵϺǸ⣬һΪ׼һǿЦݣ˵
ȻֻǵӦˡ
⸱оɽܲãƺеˡ
Ψһģǽìͷ׼
ҽֶûΪ׼ﰡɫʵ
һֱýһЦЦı飬ǰ֪ҪʲôƵġ
Ƴվָ͵ЧôãǳЭᱻȡ£ܿԤϵ
һССҽʲôǰִ֪أ
Ļ΢΢һЦҵȻΪ׼
ԭĵеʧ䣬һ˵̸֮ڴ֮ɫ
ʲôó𣿡ûתע
ǹˣʵҽҲ׼͸һǡ
һһڸʮֲ졣
ڹǳЭѾȡޣҪȥǣ
ҾҲΥΪ
ֻó仰ֻڿЦ
ȴһԤУ˵ĲǼٻ
Ҫʵ仰أ
˲֮ʱͻȻߵǰǣסᰵ֡
ᰲһ
ҲһһʱûӦʲô




1818¡һָ
 

һ֮ʶѳ֡
ϾûӦԭ³ء
ڱô˿ţԼͳǣ֣᰿ɲ˾ͺͳϡ
û֡
ƳκһһߣȫصЦ⿴
᰸ӵĲԡ
ʲô
ᰣ̨
ԲݿܵĿǣǣᰵ֣ȥ
ðŭ̸ȥ
᰾˳Ůѡ
ڵôѵ棬ᰱǣߣιȥ
ҽʿɶֹ
ľ棬ֻɶ߷硣
ܿ죬᰽ݣȻϵš
ֻܰҧ򶨵ĶԶʮ˵̨ҽʲô
δ˵꣬ۺƳѾ¥ȥˡ
ֻܴһڸϡ
һɲôˣȫ˸ɴ඼¥ݡ
Ҳ¥̨ܿ졣
ֻߵ̨Եվסû
ȷſҵ֡С˵
سԷſˡ
ȻĿͶԶۿȥǳе޺ƣ˸ţɷԻúÿ
ƶʡỨУһҹǣеĵƹҲһɫ
ɲף޺ƣʲô˼
Ƭҹ͸δ̫ˡ
¥޷еҹһ۵ס
˺ܿ˹
ҽ̨ôô䣬˼𣿡ʵ
Ļڶαˡ
ʵϳɢ֮ߵᰲûо䣬෴Ļů
Ƴα۴Ӻ汧Ҳж䡣
Ƕʮеܲˡ
Ǹ뿴ҪˣʲôϷȴˣ
˲ĿУҹ֮Уֱɢѳʣһѹ˶ʮڶ
˵ЩӡǧС㣬ôϵˣȱȣĸײ͡
ֻɷ˵ᰣҪҫǿǳ͸㡣
ɣᰲˡ
Ժһǳ֣ǡ
ǵȻǳ
Ǽ޶ʵĻô˵Ҫ͵ǳ϶Ǳǡ
Ǻǣҽɱţ˭Ұѱǵˣȫں͹ٷӦһں泰һ䡣
ûлͷ֣ڰдһָ
ָĿƬеĵƹ⣬ȻȻĿʼϨ
һ޺ƣӳǶ𵽳
̶ʮʱ䣬޺ƶصˡ
ʮȻȫʶ㣬ֳ棿
һָϨƣ
Ҳֻܹصһ밡
⾿ôģ
гŨŨľ֮ɫ
ʵ̫桢̫˼ˣ
°Ͳ
Ҫʮ֮ڹصеĵƹ⣬Ƽ򵥣ʵһǳƴĹ̡
ÿ621գϨƻա
Ҳֻһ죬вȫϨơ
ֻһˣֻǴ˸ָ׾ٵˣ
һ̴ͻȻкܲԤУһϵоٶѹ
ȻᰵһΪĶ
һֱЦıɽܲãΪݣ
ȫϨ֮󣬳ָ߱־ԵĽ
454ףΦ˸146ףܸ߶600ףǻĵһڶڶ
ڣϲϷΪСΪȥһСŮ
̨ˣ˳ųָ⿴ʱɫƹ⣡
ֻкƣȻʡĿ֮
Ϊǳ͸ʱԼִˡ
֮ʾһ޴ͶӰͶӰг˼˵ݡ
ǡֱǳԾ
ĴֱʣѾ֮ǰһˣ
Ȼô𾪵ģͶӰм˵ݡ
װŮʿã׹NASAҪ֮һ
һڵһ׹Ůˡ
һڣȫΪ֮𺳡
NASA׹ٷҪĻˣȻֱֳΪʡϼŵܲᰣ⵱ȻΪ֮
˵һ仰ʱ򣬺ܶ˿ʼʵݣһ֮£ȷˣ
ҲˣѾĿɿڴ
ôţƣ뵽NASAҪΪ
飬ֱ




1819¡һЦ
 

ֻھͿֱɵôš
ȫ֮УʾͶӰͻȻΪ顣
һֱһµͬҲǼȥݵλܸߵˡ
⼸˼ֱʼһͷİߣԥһ£е㲻Ըߵͷǰ
ĸǣܺߣʲôݡ
ǿһ۳ʶʱʲôֱˡ
ֱֻ￪ڵԻƶʡеС㣬ش˿ڿǵֱãǹ֯IAUĻ᳤¡
ߵҽܣٴδ𾪣
ǳٷȻͬʱֱҳھͷǰĶǸԻ
ԭó˵Ҫҫ۵ǸᰣǺ󻰡
ٷ棬ɵһ
һôٷģ
֤Ļ˵ţҪʵˣ
ҲǺʹ롣
һ˫֮УѾּ֮ɫ
̫ˣ
һУ·λһ㣡
᳤֯¡NASAҪ·Լһͬʱ˵С㣬NASAIAUϵı͸Ϊ
ĻһȫǺ䶯
仰ֱǽҹըԵţ
ٷصؿֱϷԣȻΪ˰һ͸ᰣ
͵Ļıǣ
ֱ̫̫̫˼ˣ
Ҫ֪ڽ֮ڣٷϳͷ˳ǵĹǳЭᡣ
ҲùʶԭǺ͹ΥΪ
NASAIAUȴҫ۵ǳ͸ȵĶŮᰣ
ǾΪʲô
ûһõ
ڴ˿̣Ѿ״סˡ
벻ͨNASAIAUΪʲôǣԼȴһ
ǣ϶ǳĳֶΣٷ͸ģ
ΪգȻֵز
õȫıǣҪ˸Ĵۡ
ᰣϲ𣿡΢Ц˵Ȼ̧ͷϿȥűǣ͸ҲҶ㲻İ⡣
仰˲䣬һŷıڻĵ׵ɽٱ
̫ж̫жˣ
֮ǰ˵ҪǣΪ˾Ĳ߻һᣬ᰺޸о
Ҵ͵ǣȫЧ󷴶Ц
ڳͳһǣһıǣ
ֻҪҹ״ãܵƹţÿ˶̧ͷǳ
ޱȸж֮࣬ų̧ͷȥ
ҹǿУʱ׳ΪʲôҪô˼Ϩơ
ԭΪ˸ֳƬ峺Ѥõǿգ
ΪƬǿУĿǿҫ۵ıǣ
һƬĵı󣬲֪ķѶ
ֵزĳֻΪ˲ԼİŮһЦ
᰿򱱼ʱ΢΢תͷűɽܲ覵Ĳա
ֻ᰽޵ĺ촽ĹһȣЦˡ
ǷĵЦ⡣
һЦǣ
ͬʱͲ¡ʶȤĹصֱȻĵƹѸϨ𣬾Ϊ˸ᰱһƬγǿգܹǿգһ˵ıǡ
һǧˣҹͬƬǿա
һǧ֮УæµӰϰ壬ڹػӺũ񹤣һڽֵϵͨ
ǶΪϨƶפڴߡ¥֮£ֵ߽ϣԾϲж𺳵ȵ飬һǿա
͸һǳͬʱҲΪеǧǧƽ˴ѵһοǿյĻᡣ
ڱ޺ƸǵĴƽʱܿϵǣ
ǿգһ࣬
Ŀʮ֮ᰵ֮УͻȻһᡣ
Цˣȴֿˡ
ƳοᣬȴһҲġ
ΪóǸжˮĵˮ
ڶϣ˵ԼΪһᣬƳľЦȻһİ˵ĺݻڱԼƵһɶ
ĳʲôҲû˵סᰵ§
أһִҲޣɳţԼ˫ֻıסҲܺƳΡۣдԼĶʮѿš
òϣԼĻǱ·²ˡ
뿴᰺ͳӵĴɫѿ˼㡣
ԭʤȯգԼǵӮ˻ģкݺһ
Ȼһж˹
͵ЧҲˣֶȴͬķʽݺݴ͸һǣ




1820¡а۵в
 

˿ֻ̣оԼϻģôѿţָоֱȳshiܡ
֪Լᰵףǳ׻ˣ
ɨصĴﻹվס
Ķһߣ
һ仰Ҳ᰸𣬴̨ȥ
ʮѶ֪ھһըҩһը˭ҲҺ
·ӺڴϸʻλһٲŸҿڣ٣ҽʲôȻöNASA͹֯ĸˣ֪ĻΪǵأ
ǣ̫˼ˣҶŽ顣һ׸͵
ʵ𺳵òᣬͬʱҲĽᰡ
ΪǧС㣬Сܵ˷У˴˵׷ʽᷳˡ
֮䣬ΪϨƣõʼĴٷֱͳһҫ۵Ǹᰡ
ҹᰣһλܳ谮Ĺۣ
Щ׸ѡ
ֻҲֻĽһ¡
ʮ޷ͳͬ顣
˿ǳ⣬ȫ˵
ѹסˣģ֪ʲôһСӳ벻ͨˣݣ
٣Ҿҽܲ򵥰֪ûע⵽Ǹ᳤֯¡˵ʱ򣬱е㲻Ը⣬Ǳǿȵģ᲻ǳ
ʻĸδ˵꣬ͱϣܣǿȹ᳤֯ͣõƶʡţ¡ּ쵼ܽӴҰֻǵĸĸ棬¡һǡ
ǻʲôԭ򣿡ļȫסˡ
ǵ˼ά벻ͨġ
ʹһ˲²Ž¡ΪʲôһǸᰵԭ
ֻ벻¡⣬صֱڹ֯ܲƿڴ
FuckаۣȻڹʰ϶֯NASA棡ΪԼ޵𣿡
ΧûһӦ
¡һ뵽Լղſֱô棬һ֯ȨܵɣеŭԽԽʢ
ҲֻɷʲôҲˡ
Ͳ¡һŭģNASAǱߵҪԼһڹԱ
Ϊ׹ˣȻǸƶǳĹʹٷ
һΣǾȻĵавˣһвɹ
ɫڵ˼㡣
һָŭ˵ֻһΣֻһΣа´λвǣǵϳͣڻģ
ԣûһˣΧĹԱŻȭŭ
¡ڵϵһйŭʱƶʡĳ̨ϣ᰽ӵһ𾲾ױȵ񷡣
þûпôǿˡ᰽СԴڳϣ
ۺƳΣʶȤ˵¥ȥ
΢ЦӦңصӣӳӣ࿴һ
ãˡᰰס׼ֻ֡
ѯʣΪʲôá
¶һЦյܶΪöݣΪƬǿڻѵһҲŻǣӻ
ᰣ˵úܺãƬǿոã˵ȴһҲݣһὫԶϡ˵仰ʱޱȵᡣ
ֻо۵ģİ˵黰ٴζ塣
ȴ΢˵úѾƵġ
Цһ漴Ц⣬ֻʣ飬ᰣԭˣ
仰ơ
Ȼҧҧ촽ĵͷȥ˵ֻǡֻʱԭ㣬Բҵ£Ҿ͡ҾԶ
˵ˣᰡ
ᰵĻ
ͷϵıΪ֤ⱲҶٶԲ㣬ΥģͰŵȥ
˵úӣߵıɽܲͲסһЦ
ڱǿҵģŵȥǻռҵĵ̣
ᰣ֪ǲģΪϵǳܶÿʵܺ䣬㲻ϣȥǴŵġЦĵЦ
һڣ˭ˣΪԼ
δ˵꣬ͻȻо괫һΥġϤů
֪᰽Ҫ˵ʲôû˵꣬ͰԵסĽۺ촽




1821¡ڵĳ
 

ԳȰԵǣֻԵץ³ĸ첲Ȼɳȡ
ǹ⡢䶬ҹ֮£˵촽һɢŵ
ӵǵͬʱ·ҲҲ롣
Ӻ󣬴ӿҵлᰣ̧ͷųӣ鶯ѣɬѣȴֲ˼˵ĵ׵Щ黰ֻ˫ˮӯӯעų˫ۡ
뻳ıɽܲöţ޲ýڽԼ
˾ĬĬİ⣬ǧڲС
ãᰲźͳֿŽʵΪʲôͻȻ뵽һǣ
ǼһﲻҲ뵽𣿡ЦӦ
룬ҡҡͷǲһҸоμʱ򣬾ԤϵˣƳЩ˵ģԲԣ
ᰣ˵ţһᰵ㷢ҲԣҲԡ
գգ۾Ŀų˵ˡ
ЦЦ˵Ϊ㾫׼ʲôһʼ۵ˣ֪Ҫ͵ʲôʵұ뵽Ҫһǡ
صȥ˺ܶڹǳϣ֣֮ܳǻǹǣΥΪ
۵ĵϿ֪ĳɹһǡ
ȥǸνĹǳЭᣬҲ˷Эè塣
ǸĻ
ԭ˵ĻBoy֣ôƤĻ˵ڡ
˵ĻBoyǰɣûҳҾǡЦ˵è֮а۵ݣڹʰעԱ밵֯ĸ߲ϵعǳЭϴǮš
Ƴ˵ЩԼϣѴġ
ԭˡ
¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫ
ʵѾµţֻǲ֪ϸڡ
ǽֲһ⣺˵ʰиϴǮҵ漰ô棬ôԸعأ
ʵúáһ䣬ᰣ㻹֪ɣһǵһιа۵ϷԣҵĹս֯ҷǳɵֻ΢вһǣǾͲòҰ¡
Ϊ棬ʵ˵ͨ
ܹ֮֯ڸĸѹ£ȶô֮꣬
νʶʱΪܣ֯ʲôܵʲôܵ
ûдЩ׵ĻԻսֻ֯ѳһֻСϣһۡ
ӵеаţ˫ڰ֯עŲ֤ͨʱ֯ĸ߲ȫˣ
ϵĸǣûǵĹעԱ
෴עԱİϸֱȱȽǣǰʮУĵĴ˹
ֻǰ߲֮֯ޱ𾪣Ϊǰͺĸ֣ȫһĴڡ
ǿǺ䶯硢Ļаۣ
а۱ǹעԱܲ
һЩ߲㻹Ϊ˸еܳԼ֯аۿһӵ顣
֪䣬֯ѾǱʶΪа۵ĵλ֯ߡ
Ҳа۵ʵġ
Եð߲֯عǳЭʱȫ߲㾭ҵۣվ⡣
ǵаۣаΪУ
ʲô³֯Ҳˡ
ܹѹа۵ĸ֣Ҳʣ°ǰλGod͡ħ֮ӣDamien
ǰ֯öĴڣ
˵һġ񡱻ߵڶġħ֮ӡˡ
ϵȫİ֯λﶼ֪
а۵вֻʵʵš
Ȼ¶еߵġ
ֻвһΡ
ڶΰ֯հĻ֯ȫ罫Ȼ޴档
֪һ㣬ֻҪð֯һξ͹ˡ
ֻΪ˸ô򵥵ɡ
ͨ֯ΪʲôĻ֮һתѿڶNASAIAUٷҲǱа۵в𣿡
û΢΢һЦֻǸǵĸ˴һͨ򵥵ĵ绰ڵ绰˵ǲӦĻҾȥ׹һȦ
һ᰷̣֣Ȼ˸ڵһ档
ƾаţȻǿΨǴӡ
ȻֻһΡ
Ѿ㹻֤а֮緶Χжôֲ
ȫǰе֯׹ٷа۳ƺţҪ
ˣͬʱвǿֻΪ͸һǡ




1822¡ѵһ
 

ų˫ȵ᰸оԼҪһˡ
ᰣ㿴ôãǲֱ˧ˣԭųеƹĳͻȻĿתᰵϡ
͵ᰣǼϼ˫գһµ˭ôˣ
ٴδЦȻס޹ǵƣԽԽˣǻȥɡ
šᰵ˵ͷ
Я±ֻ̨һ¥ƳκŮһζЦĵǡ
ƳΡţ᰸Ӳ˼ˡ
֮ǰԳװһԶԭ³ӡ
أȴһһ޶ʢʽ򶯣ͳ޾ɺá
ıɽܲã˿̶оûԼûˡ
Ƴκ۶ܶչᰵӡ
ֻƳµ߹Ц㣬ǿպŶϧһûˡ
ղֲһ𿴡ɿͳյ֣ߵƳǰ΢Ц
ƳԣࣺҺ۶ɲ뵱ݣιһ칷
仰ɫ΢΢һ죬һָ˹ƳεıǼ⣬ȡЦ㡣
ܣƳÿû˵Ŷ˫ʮһŸչȥûãҿɲٳһҲ߹Ц
ᰶŮˣֻܹȻſȥ
Ҷȥɡ
ĸһ뿪
ƳΡһȻȥ԰С
Լ᰻ؼҡ
ʡܰȫƽرҪ۱
֮ǰΣգڱȽ
ֲǹҼĴûﵽʱʱ̿ĵز
ܿ죬͵˼ſڡ
ԭȥ˳ᰵĸĸǸ
ȴסһһȹ죬Ұɡ
û⡣
ˬĴӦˡ
᰾̫ҪһҲǺġ
Ŀ᰽֮󣬳ѳӿ԰С
Ƴεķʱһ۾ͿŮɳֻ
ôˣûסұ𣿡Ƴ̧ͷʵ
ҡҡͷ˵һ˻һҾͻˡ
Ƴգգ۾ʾ⡣
ȻԱߵɳʾ£ǵţѾըˣ
չһƳεֻȻ΢ѵһǡNASAIAU͸ƶʡϼŮܲã
΢ѵڶǡҹƶʡΪҵŮϨƣֻΪλҵŮ֮ҹܹϵıǣ
΢ѵģѣȫͨа͸һйء
ĳһ߸Ƿµǡѹȥˡ
óԼֻһˢȻ΢֮⣬ڡǡźȻȫͷ
۷ˣ
֮ӦģǸŵĸ桰ѡ
ĳ֮ӣǳЭṺЧ˻Ūɳ׾һˮƯ
ţȻԴġ
űĴðֻˤˡ
ϰִҲɫ࣬һ仰˵
Ǵң
һֱö˵͵¸ߵýץסš
ȴΪһᰣĶ˸ѣ
ôܵˣ
֣һҪóۣ˫Ŀĵͺ
ֽסѹĵ׵ŭ
ſڻӦӣģǴһҰС裬־Ͱ㡱
ȵȣͻȻŴĻ
΢΢üʾãô
֣쿴ѣ˫ֲİֻ˹
ʹһͬȥһ˲ûŵһƨذϡ
ԭ΢ϵѾǣ𾪣NASAIAUȨавͳȫıǣ
аֻ֣оһڣöǿûιȥ
ͱǸᰵĲǳǴ˵еаۣ
±ըţôζš
γǣ
ֳ붯NASAIAUĿܡ
û뵽аȥ
а۵ĹϵôٷͱǸᰣȫ˵ͨˡ
ǴʹΪܹύִ˵
аۣ뾴ηĴڣҲǺܶĿе
ôͳϹϵأ
ô֪а۵Ļ˯ž




1823¡ȫ綼ˣ
 

֣⡢ⲻġɫǾκˡ
ζţ΢µǶѡ
һĿɬ£а
ܴԼҲţǸȫʮ˿ڣһ֮вNASAIAUģҲֻаһˡ
𺧹󣬴һʱģӦԡ
֣һȥģа۲Ϊ֣ȥһ£׵ɫǲԸʵ
˰֣ʾȥˡ
ܳʹ˵еаʲôϵȻаΪ֣ӽǱ㲻ٵˡ
ҪڹҽѧǾ͵һ㣬ĻǾ˳
׵ⷬٴδס
СͺܾԼĸףΪǳǿӲС
ûһھǰ˵ġ
һССƶʡҽôѡ
ļȲġ
ƾʲôаɽ
ô붼벻ףԴ˵еа˵ʲôüֵ
˴Ļֻȥһ롣
ʱôԼ
ͻȻ䣬Ժһ飬ĳش顣
֣ǸսԯսҪսа𣿡
аҲζسˡ
ԯսսаۣ˵ٷӪĻµһ֣һʵŸߵ
ԲͨϵһԯսܵõԯսıӻȻǲаۣԸһȫû⡣
˵껰֮и˷֮ɫ
ԼļƻȫС
꣬˫Ŀ΢΢һ
˵ģȷʵԿһ¡
ʵԼҲΪа۵ɽͷŹһ
ⲻ·
Ǵô¹˭
ĴǲڹڣһǺߵġ
ǽǮﵽһ߶֮ӵе
ɣȥϵһ壬ڲĵλӦܺԯս˵ϻ
˼ھʽսԯս
̵ͷһóֻһ˵ʹ绰壬ϣǻĹٷƳĵһ֣ǧҪʧ

΢ѵһавNASAIAUȨ֮ȫġ綼䶯ˣ
ǰаͻȻʧ䡢ġһ
ܶ˶ãаϵĴڣһĺܿܲٳǰ
û뵽ʱºһа۵Ϣ
Ȼв΢ǼٵģԸţавNASAIAU
ȫа顣
̷֮ӦѵаҪسˣ
Ƕʶţаسźš
аһع飬͸ô̡
ȫֱа۵˿Ǹеܡ
һԼ֣Ѽʱ´һµվףа۵Ļع顣
վĵַѸײڶٶϴ
̳ɣа۷˿ڱаۻعϢ︽Ĥа۵վ
ֱܶĻ϶ˢšаۻع顢޼᲻ݡ˸֣ˢǸվ
ˣȫ綼ˣĳЩû뵽а۵ӰȻô
ֻ΢ֳعļ󣬾ȫΪ֮
絮ûӰô֡
аۣһƺţѾΪһ
ƽǷ׷ǿߡ
ڹڵ֯ܲάܾ棬ߡ¦ɫܲÿ
ԭ¦֪ճ֮󣬾ͺܵĳҪ¡
û뵽ôһ䶯ȫĴ¡
¦ڰ칫סⲽ
Աߵͷ­¦Ǩŭ
άֵܾļߺԵܰȵɳϺȲ衣
ûꣿ
в֯ҲˣȻв׹NASAֻάֶõ
¦ͻȻֹͣŲֵĿڡ
ԣ׹NSAԼܲţʵ֯ά൱ǿܵĹһ
¦ⱾΪȺάֺ֯Ѿļޡ
뵽Ȼҵ˰׹NASAвNASAѱΪ˽á
вĿģΪ˸Լİѱǵ
¦ԽԽ
ˣ֪




1824¡˳ɰ
 

ԭΪ֯ԭ¦Ѿͳκι
һΣķо˼㡣
¦⿴ΪһŮвNASAΪǸĶ
άǸʿĻŴûйܺóΪ߸˵¦⣬϶Ҫһ
¦ŭҪԭ
άֿɲٰƨˣ
¦ڰͲóյ֯뺯
ʲôĸ֣ڶβμϷʶǳߡ
¦ϣϷܰѳʰˣͿԸǡ
ʱɳϵĺڵ¦ܾ֣˶õġ
ߣСһأ־ֵǹ˵Ƿ־ûʲô£ұĳһأСӣָͱ©ˣһΣҲٷŹ
Һܾûлˣ¦ܾ֣ȥƶһ˰ɡӧ
¦ǰһԼʵûú֡
Ϊʼգܼɵ֯
˳ְѳɱˣпе֯
Ϊʲô¦һֱͳԭ
֪ԼȥĻҪˡ
ðŷգþļ߳ɱʱֹ
а𣿡¦ʵ
ļֲΣݶҪ־⡣
¦ûúֵһԭǵĺܵˣϾļάֵսԼ֣ʧ
¦ʣȴ¶һ˿ŵ飺ǺǿļҲļߣοССôೡսԵĶǶ֣Ȼȫսʤˣ϶°ˣΪа˵Ŀԣߴ˳ϣ
ŶаˣǵǺöԸöࡣ¦ⱻ˵ô
ʱ¶ˡ
İɣ¦ܾ֣˵а˳ɣ;а˳ɣѵһԼȥ𣿡ҵʵϳһʱ޷սʤҲܹȫˣ¦ֲܾصһˡ
ãȻˣұһģһɹĶԴѡ¦ܴ󷽵ĳŵ
Ȼûбֳ˵ӣлĵ¦ܾ֣Ǿô괢ĶԴ±ԯս߲˰ɣ
ô֪¦һ¶֮ɫ
ӦҪ֯άֱ뾡ԯսڱԯսǲԴԯսʹá
ھܣ֪˺١
û뵽֪ˡ
ֻ˵ǻҪʱһֻ֣ԴȥѣԯսǰôᣬͻȻͱٷΪĵһ֣Һͳа壬ԴǲܵģǻֵĻҲάֻ֯΢һ¾֪ˡ
µûȻѾ֪¦ҲͲЦһҲû취ҪܲԯսԼҪԴ⣬һֶ֧ܸ飬˵ʱȥ⣬дá
ȥ⣿ִ𣿡ʵ
Ҳ̫
¦Ļشúĸˡ
ʲô¦ּ𶼲֪
ֻ̽һϢ˵ԯս漰صĶ֣Ҫǰ׼ٷӪԯսΪĵһ֣ҲΪԯս˳
¦˵껰˵ͷ֪Ҳʲʲô
¦ܾ֣ҵɣʱҾȥƶʡһˡ
¦˵ͷҪҪɼЭ뵽ʵͰǾúһȥͺá

ҹа۸Ϣȫ磬û뵽ԼӰȻô
ҽƳַһѡ
쿴Ǹԯս΢ˣ
ʲô΢ƳεֻֻĻʾżV֤΢ƣսԯս
ڼսļһ΢ǣȻа֮ǰܹҸеǳˣһ֮ңҹڡսаۡ˭ǻĵһĻ⣬ҲڿսˣаۣڻʱĴݣʱһϸߵۣ֮ͣ
֮󣬳һǣԯսȻźܿ
δе㶫ʩЧζ
а֮ΪԵܵ׷Ĥݡ
ԯսܿץ׼˵ѧһ
ֻԯսûչʵ֮ǰû˭
ԯսҲ⣬΢ùԱ΢ŵѵһȻȴųĻӦ




1825¡ʽ
 

ԯսһΪԼ˭ȻսǼа۴ˣƳκܲˬ˵Ȼų۾Ӧսԯս֪Լжô֪ߵغ񣡡
ЦЦ
ԯսսǲҽӡ
ֻǵּ𣬲˭սܵġ
һսһѵһӹȥ
Գ˵˷ʱ䣬ҲǵԼۡ
Ȼԯսһ֣Ҳսʸ
ӲӾȫԼˡ
Ƴκܲ⣺ΪʲôӰ㲻֪ԯսţ֮ǰü΢˵Ҫսˣÿ΢ӱͷڹ꣬Ӧս׼װóĵһֵţˮ۸ǶģȫǴԯսģҿˡ
ƳΣҪΪԯսսңõһԼʸ񡣡ЦƳε񾱣û˵ҲսֻǲڣʱˣȻֵġ
ŶȻһ϶ԽԽţԭ֧ķ˿ǣҲΪսеʧѷۣʱܺܶġƳ˵ĻȫΪ롣
Ҳ֪ƳǹЦҲ˾õȵģġ
Ǿͺá
Ƴ˵ţʼԯս΢ۣһ֮£Ȼֱˮˡ
΢ӳСʱǼаûκλӦЩʧ
ĳܻԯս׼ٷһ΢һ£ͻȻӵһ绰
ԯ̹٣ڷͨ𣿡绰ﴫһ˵
ԯս䲻ȵʵϸߣôˣʲô𣿡
ģѡҲǹڶĶӴÿһ䣬˵Сҷǳ
ԯսԣʱЩãʲôݣʲôݣӹʸ𣿡
ϸ߱ѵһӲͷƤ˵˵ˣԸֵĻҽ׳ʮΪлҴǸйء
а۳йأ
ԯսһȤ
ԼܲӣҪϴԴ
ĵԴǮǹҹġ
ǮֶȻǶơ
ԯսȤģǳ
ô绰ҡ
ԯս仰ϸһɡ
űϽôԯսĵ绰롣
֮ͨ󣬴˷ϲ֮飬ʵԯ̹ãǴģʰһгļһǳа۵ɽҲ뵽ǻµĵһ֣аۿ϶֣ԸΪǴҳһĻԳ֣ҾͿ԰ѳСӸʰˡ
ԯսһʮֺЦ
٣֪Ǵ˵еаۡ
ʵɣʰĳʵаۡ
ԯսһ仰ôŵЩֻ
ߵĴ˲ɫɷס
Ǵ˵еаۣ
Ҳ˵ǵʵаۡ
ɲ֮䣬ҸŲˡ
ǴȻڹںа
ôŻˣԯսڵ绰ЦǴҾаۣھͲ£Ҫıһڡ
ٷ棬ѵľͨġ
ǿ׹ÿ궼ҪǧսʿΪս
ԯսҪҳһڣܿţʵرࡣ
ôǮԥ
ĸ״ȴҲ룬ֻӦԯ̹٣˵һû⣬ʱ׼á
ǴɣȻԸṩһڳУԺǴҵ£ԯս¡
ԯսĳŵʹϲ
ԭܵԯս˵ϾԯսӱϿһܸ߰ŵˡ
û뵽ԯսôˬʹӦˡ
ȻһںʹԯսɽͲ⵽а۳ıһڻֵ̫ˣ
лԯ̹٣м㣬Ȼ̽ԵʵھƶʡᣬǲҪ
ҲȥƶʡӦңԯսȻ
˼ҪԼս
ǣͣ˵ˣԯ̹ٴ˲С˹ôƶʡҳأӦСȥս
ԯսİķУӦһ֮󣬾͹Ҷϵ绰ලԼĲӽħѵ

ҹƳڿˢ΢ˢˢеˡ
ǴˮĿųƺڰʾʲô
Ҳó۵˼ӽҪˡ
Ȼۻһ˼˵ĵܵܣ˫޵ķôãôƳҲһأ




1826¡
 

ʲôʲô˫ޣƳͻȻԤв
һ˫ʲô˼ҾͲˣһſԴٽΪĹҶҲĪô
۶ԹˣƳɫͨʵ
δȳشһָĨԼĺ촽ȻЦƳã֪ζɻҪԽҪҪһأ
ҡҲҪƳҲ룬ܾ̾
֪ӣһֱһ̳
ƳλûŵһŮͬʱ̳ĵز
ϴͼͱܾˡ
ᵽһ㣬Ƴθе߳ܵͬʱҲһ˿š
ԼҪ۳ɹȻ
ƳûдӦԭˣСǿ
۾ýǾѵĻᡣ
ƳãǱι˹ǽóܵܺúòŶ԰
۵Խ˵ԽǴ󵨷ŵ
ҳܵôͣһ˿ɳԲһǺܺ𣿡
У顭ҽܲˡƳλάԼֺ͵ߡ
ĻԼ۾Ҫһˡ
Ȼۻǲģػһ˵ǣƳãһ˺ͳ˫ޣΪٽޣһͲһˣڲõδܵܺܿǿĵˣ뾡ΪΪ룬ҲӦôӦ㰡
˵Ƴβɴһ
ɲ̫˵Ļ
΢һƳοʵ˵𣿡
š˺ȷĴ𰸡
£Ƴγԥ
ԼۣΪ롣
ԥ˽һӣƳҧҧӣ¶ġ
ԳİսʤԼ߳ġ
Ƴɫߺ죬·ҪѪ۶һۣ֪δСڴӦˡ
ɲ˫ޣأ¶һȲɫ
ƳνҧŴ̫꣬ûûˡ
ߵõͷȥʱһЦȥɣȲˣ
˵ţֱַֻסƳε֣ȥ

˸Сʱȥˡ
ƷŮȹһҹ
Ƴ˵һҹǴĴš
һʼֿܣС
һһεԼΪ
ֻҪ֮Ժ㣬֪Լڲܻ֮µͻơ
һҹȥڶ𴲵ƳκۣǵûиеƣݹƤǳ
ֻƳλƲסߣľܽԡȥ
°ҹʱ򣬾ԼΪ
ŮϴױϺ󣬳Ҳϴһ£緹һǰ˾
Լİ칫ңŴȥᰣ죬˳ôġ
ڰ칫˲Сʱ׼ȥᰣû뵽ᰵĵ绰ȴˡ
Ұ칫һ¡
ڵ绰˵Ļܼ򵥡
ӦһȻ˵ȥܲð칫ҡ
΢΢һЦȻ鲻
ᰣ㡱
˵ǲǳ׽⿪Ľˣδ˵꣬ͱᰴϣȲ˵ҾյʢŵʼѾٺǺϾ˴
ʲô΢΢ʵ
һԵƽԣ˵ǰ㿴ԯս΢˵Լܸлҵ֧֣ʹ΢Ҳлظ˵Ѿԯսô
Ŷ⶯ȷʵܿ졢ҲСԯսʽˡ˲뵽ܶ顣
²ܾ֮Ϊа۵Ĺϵ
Բôٶһֵɽ
뿿ԯսԸֻ˵ˡ
Сĵ㣬ҾԯսӦúٷԯսĸֵ棬ԯս㡣᰼Ϊ⣬һ䡣
ţһġ˵ͷ˵ԯսɽ϶޿ֵĽҽѧ磬¢Ϲҽҩҵļƻ֮ǰûѱӦȥμӴǣͷĹҽѧᣬһҽѧרӦҲȥھͿ뵽Щˡ
꣬һ£Ķ
ʱֻ
óֻһһ˿֮ɫ
hʱȻ绰Ҳ֪ʲô顣
ᰵ棬֪ԼҪҪӵ绰
ɫ᰺ܴ󷽵˵Ƿh𣿽Ӱɡ




1827¡h鷳
 

ȻûֱӰ½
ھߣ˵顭hڵһ仰ʹһ˿ǡ
һ΢΢üͷɵΪh
ƶʡ飬Ѿ΢߷hˡ
⼸ҲٺͷhĹ΢hûᵽʲô¡
ͻȻ绰˵˵ǲܵġ
hʲô£
˵¬Сҵľ͹˾Һͬһ׸֪һֻǱװģĸҺĻҵķ˿϶ʧ̳ǰҲῴҡh˵λʱ鲻Ǻܺá
¬֣΢΢һ¡
֮ǰʡĳߵ¬һ
ʱ¬׼ڨ᰺ƳΣһߵȻʮߵˡ
û뵽ʱ֮¬ָһλ֪˹
hƺ¬Ҫǿк˼
ʱ²⣬¬ûˮƽи֣EXOعڹôӵô˿϶ȦﱳǳӲ
ûȦаæ¬ͺʮСˡ
оȦģϾӽ£ھȦٶĹϵ
¬ھȦжӲԲض˵
hھＸûʲôԼŻȦﴳһƬ졣
hľ͹˾͸˵ˣϴϷûкúñhֻһh׬Ǯͨ˾
Ȼϴȥ֮󣬺ύ컶տһ·h
Ͼ㲻ȦˣʶȦκһС
ˮ̫ˣ¬ĴУ㲻һ
Գһ£h鷳ҪԼ԰ƽ
h˵ǲǸ¬ǿҪ
ǰ㲻֪¬ȦжǸнƽھȦһ죬Ҳ¬ĻҵҵԼҵľ͹˾ǿҴѹҺܻܿᱻɱĺ¡hԽ˵ԽǽǣѾҪľء
򲻵ѣ˵Լ
Ȧ˻ˮԤеĻҪܶࡣ
Ϊܾ¬ͿȦޱ齥ˮ棬һһ˶
һŮǷɱ濴أʵǺĳͷ
ĴǣŮַ߲ۣͨ͸ĳЩﵱŮǻƳɾ񲡡
Ȧʤ
hɫ㡢ȴԸǿԸŮ֣ܵﲻٴĴѡ
ֻΪ֮ǰھչֳԵֶΣЩһʱ䲻ҶԷh֡
ھǻģݵλԽߣӾԽ
ôãĳЩڰдˡ
¬ǿкͷhʵܿǸȦƽ⡣
ƽûˣö֪
h㲻ú£Ҽմɻȥ㣬׼ͻ̽һ¹ҽѧ顣Ҳ룬̾Ͼһˡ
˵ʱ⿴һۡ
ֻʲôɫ仯ûУûбʾԣҲǲû
˵ˣȻջȥ
hҪȥдһ˿ϲƶǱææĻôһӦһ¡
һãҹɣҹ֮ǰʲôΣգϵ̹ܽ٣֣صĶһ䡣
hæӦţһġ
ͨ绰Ҫ᰽һ¡
Ѿˣǵûº͵Ȱοh鷳Ͻȥɣÿߵ顣
Ǳ㡭ʱúᰣ׽⿪Ľᣬٳڶʧܵı֮С
ջƶʡҪ뿪һΪһᰲԸķhʲô뷨
̲ס˳һ۵СŮȻҺͷhϵǺܺãϾĳˣ֪㲻ֿܺϽȥǰɣ㶩Ʊ
лл㣬ᰡû뵽ܹˡ֮󣬷øƽˡ
ʵȷʵ˸ı䡣
ԭͳ飬ĵԸִ
ΪԼܳΪеΨһԺ֪ٶ֤࣬ıϾֻһ
᰿ˣǿġ




1828¡Ͼ
 

ڳ֮У֪hľ֡
ıƳΣŮɱۣطѩЩڳλá
hҵˮǴߣԸҲԽԽǿƣ˶ԳֳռҲԽԽǿ
ηhóȥǰæĵȻǲԸӦġ
Ϊ⽫ζŷhиĻͳദҲа취ԼڳĿеλøߡ
ԥһ֮󣬻ǴӦˡ
һhȷʵҪİæ
ͳܹӵиʱദռ˵һ㡣
Ϊȥһˣ͵ķhռݸƣǾǶԼ̫ûˡ
᰻ûŵֵز
Ϊôж飬ԼڳĿеλߵġ
һ·˳硣΢Цף
߹鲻Խıסɽܲá
ᰶʱɫߺ죬̲סĳ֣黹ء
仰飬ں氵Ц
ᰣһ
ݵӵ֮󣬳ɿסᰵ˫֣Ȼת߳칫ҡ
Ŀͳ뿪ᰣ˫һʱʧ
ܿ죬ʹǰǵķɻ
Сʱ󣬳ﾩǻһǰǣߵñȽϼûʲô֪
άֻһ֪ܵ٣ǳ֮߱ܽ·һнͨߡ
ݷǷεһЩĹע
ȻЩֹ̬ǳ
֪Ϣάܾ־Ͳһˡ
¦һӦǳԾȻǽţ
⻹ƽһôţ
֮ǰֻͳл᳡һ棬ʱΧάָ֣¦޿֡
һγǣ¦⻳ɳܿġ
ɵš
¦תһ룬Ȼǣòúȥƶʡҳ
ȥһ绰
ں׼жʱ򣬳˷hľ͹˾
͹˾Աȫʶʶûʾʹмˡ
Ұ칫ĹԱҲȫſڿ
Сӣﲻĵطһ˵
һۣҷh
ҷС㣿һ£ɫˣû±Ϲ֣ߣ
˵ţҪֵܰѳȥ
Ȼֻһɨֵıͱ̷ڵء
칫Աȫˡ
ֲֹңϾ˭Ҳ֪书жߡ
h߱ʵ
ղŸh绰Ϣhûأܿæµ
ԳŻֱӴ
һŮԱסսսָָĳ򣺡С¼
лл
ŮԱһ΢ЦȻֱ¼ȥ
ŮԱһ룬ŷӦԭҲǺܿ¡
С˵СﰡԱһԱܲ˵
еڶ˸ͣǰһеԷhС㲻ô죿
ҡҲǹġСʱŵɫɷס
ȥ
칫ļʮԱ׳ӣԶԶڳ棬¼
սһöĸ
Ƿh¼衣
hиϰߣ¼ʱֻϣҿ˾ǲ뱻Ӱ쵽Լ״̬
¼ļԱڰh
hľ˶ޱվһЦĿŷh衣
һ̣Աɫˡ
֪h¼ʱ뱻˴ţȴ߽һİˡ
æʾȥȴޱֹˡ
ޱ֣Ȼܾȡ
תһ룬֪Ϊʲô
Ϊ¬ǿкͷhޱȰh÷hϵ
h컹û¾ֱ¬ľ͹˾˽·ڶв
ڳǣޱҲһ
ûȫΪ֪¬λȦƽж󣬶һǾǵĵͷߡ
Գݱ治һܺƽ⣬νǿѹͷߡ
ޱ뷨һȻƣʾ÷hѸ¼ꡣ
ͷûдŷh裬ǷŲߵޱߡ
h¼ĹԱȫܺ棬ʲôݣΪʲôޱܿӡ
ͣޱߺһ仰Ҳû˵ֻǾhĸ
h¼״̬֮УŸһ߳һҡСԴɷǿɰ
һհգh¶ߴһ
΢΢죬˭ڹƣ
֮ǰͶޱ͹Աơ
Ƶh֮£뵽һˡ
ĪľϲڴתͷȻǣӵˡ




1829¡Ҫ
 

hû뵽մ绰ˡ
֮ûǰ֪ͨhҲǴһϲ
hϲһ󣬱ųɱ
һĻ¼ļԱԼſΧ۵ڶԱ
ţһǰ崿ֵĴǷhȻȲһܹȥ
ΪԼ۾˻þ
ȻhһĻʵʵķˣɵǲš
ֻǽһ⣬ͻȻǹ˾˾˭÷h̬
ޱԱ߿ʮΡ
ʵhܹȷʵе㲻ˡ
͹˾ΪӪǸ̳ŻС崿Ů
ǳһǣ÷hѵš
һηhǵô˵棬
˭˲᣿
ǴȥĻһȦͷš
Ȼޱh
һ÷hġ
ҲΪľηóǸǿˡ
ˣŷhܵǰ
ȻλŮǣſ˫֣§ס
ٴξ
hľٶԽԽ󵨣޼ɵ
ޱ״ߵſڰԼĸλⲻй¶쿴飬𣿡
Ҿ͹˾ԱǵĿУޱһֱװͰ͵ģԴҶ
ޱôһ˵ȫԱֻʵʵصԼλʲôûۡ
ǵģһֻèצƵģ漫ˡ
ţޱ¼ļԱҲϳȥͷhĿռ䣬ԼʶȤĹ¼š
Һ㰡hųۻڳϲȥŪóеġ
ͻȻ֣Լͷhÿط꣬h˵仰ٲȻ˷hĿͷ
hҲ㡣
hһ壬СԴųӣҸУôô͵ˣ벻
ΪҲҵīh°ȻõһʱϹЦЦش
hоĸˣ뵽һ⣺أѵû𣿡
ûУ֧ҹʵش
ʵҲ÷h֪ᰲСŮˡ
h˵Ϊ⡣
ԭΪ᰻ͷϣƶʡûãӦòϣŶԡ
û뵽᰾Ȼû
е벻ͨ
ǲǺˣķh뵽һ㡣
µûٴʵش𣬱ܽٻµĸǾİ֮˹ͨʱƳϲκ
Ҳh᰸ϣеġ
˾ѡ顣
һʱһ
h֪ģʱ򷴶ΪѡӲˡ
hϵı飬ûһ㲻ĵӣЦۣһΪܻһأû뵽ôԭˣǲʲôԻ
΢΢졣
h֪ᰱǵ飿
ʵh治֪Ϊ⼸æˣʲôشһŲ֪
϶ޱϣhǵϢģûиh˵
ɫhƺԤϵʲô˵ɣҲںġ
ðɣǱգһǡ
˵ţ򵥲һ顣
h֮֮Ľ֮ɫ
ʵ̫Ľˣ
Ů˵һǣֱǱʯҪ
ǲ߸ʽӡ֤͵档
ܹٷϡӵеǡ
ܲ÷hĽ
ҲܣҲҪһǡhĽõòˣɴˣСڳҡҡȥܵõҫıǣҾҪǣòã
⡭еЦá
hС˲ûĸֿܵס
ǳ֪ٷвˡ
ֶֻһΡ
޷Ӧ
hͱᰵһǲԵҲɣҺú룬ʱһ͸һرί
hˣȻһ˿ʧ䣬ҲǣԼõΪʲôҪһǣͲ߱Ψһˡ
ͻȻh뵽һĵӡ
ż⣬Լͳ˶ܸоõ˴˵ĺ
ΪhСӲû¶ȴɬɫ˵ĻһӰɣ




1830¡Ϊ֤
 

h仰˰ʱ䡣
ôû뵽hȻҪ֡ر
һù˵ġ
ȻûǷǣа
Ϊӣ֮һǳׯصĴ¡
޹ء
ڵĳûпǺĳ֪һ顣
˵붼û
ΪԳۣҪ˽֮ġ
h仰Ȼ׹
ȻСũ峤󣬼ܶŮӳл߸ʱڣӾͱˣδС
Լǽܲ顣
Դ˰֮󣬳ǲ֪ôش
hĬȻеŵʵôˣǲ˵ã
ǡҡҡͷȻɬȻһЦhԲһû׼
ʲô׼㲻Ҫκ׼hףĻʲô˼
ǸȻǻû飬㻳ϺӵĻǺܲε顣
hһ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ԭǵһ㡣
Ҳ˵׼飬ڽǡ
֪Լͳãͱ᰾ʤ
Ҳ˶ԥ
hȳѡѵЦѽͻȻôֻǵҪһӶѡ
h㣬ҵڣӾԻҵشӰ죬ԻǱΪáԵĽǶȷ
h࣬ڳǰչԼɵһ档
ҾͲ˵ˣӦҪһرɱʳŶ
ȻᡣȻһЦ
Ϊ֤
ͯĴ󷢵ķh˵󣬰СĴָ쵽ǰ
Ц⣬СŮ
ſ͵ĶޱһҿhС㼰ʱסҲףҪһӣhҵԻܵصӰ졣
֮󣬳Цʵ˵£Ǹ¬ڴô
ǼһҪҺ֮ǰҪӦ˸Ǿ͹˾һҪǸƽɱҡhһ˵£ͳüġ
ÿصңĸҲһ֮ɫ
üߣ¬ΪԼһ첻ɣhģǣǰƽ¬ģֵ̨ȥҰѾȦĺڰȻȥƶʡչ
ȫִӣhӵġ
ǸƽĺܴǻǾº͵ķʽɣȦһ飬ȻҰﹴĶǣϻҪάһźҲЩҵϰҵȦǰ
ţһעִġ˫֮еĺ÷hɱ
ʵǣѾðh˶ϵ׼
ֵٴΣ
ںʲôȦе
άֵܾ¦⣬ܿѾ֪ﾩǣ˵׼Ը
Ҫ΢һЩ
Ͼάֵļߣеʵġ
ʱhֿڵ磬ǽٰһڵ̳Ȱ佱Һ¬ȥμӣʱܻٴвңҹȥ𣿡
û⡣
Ȼϣ飬ԽԽá
һ죬hæ깤֮󣬱ͳһ˹֡
ֻûסһΪhΪ˲ԼĸĸģÿҪؼ˯
һˣѡ˼ҾƵס
ھƵ귿ĳ˰ҹ֮ͻȻӦƵΧĴų΢仯
״̬лع۾΢΢üͷСƵ꣬ôһ֣ҿļ߼𡣡
Ӧ֣Ƶ긽֮ƶ룬ûгȥ
ֻ·ûкͶԷıҪ
ʱָӦų仯
һα仯ϸ΢ո꣬״̬ܺãӦ
˼һλڲһ˿ġ
ڶ֣ȵһϢҪǿ
ûǷҪȥʱͻȻԼٶԶҾƵꡣ
룬ҲӦֵĴųˡ
ҵģѹסģ
գģǸ
һڵȦ˵һǳҪӡ
ÿĩȦְٰ佱񣬸̳µ󣬶Ӱ̳ᵮµӰۡӰ
h꣬ȦˣѾŮ֡רѵȵֽ
Էhޱڴһĵ
ֻΪ¬飬һ쵽ʱȴһ衣




1831¡
 

hľ͹˾ȷhױ֮󣬾ͺһͬǰ佱ֳвš
ڶҹ˾ԱȻǶԳݸеܺ棬û˸ˡ
»ױҵķ򣬱ױȥ
һֻhھǰվһױʦ׼Ϸ۵ס
ޱվһʱֻϢʱóʼǱ֪ʲôһʮæµӡ
ֱߵhߣž˶һ¾ע⵽hһȦ
hû˯𣿡ĵʵ
絽hȻܸˡ
ôһʣֻǿһЦ˵̫Ҫˣ˵ҳҪӣƫƫǸ¬Ҫңĺ½佱ʲô⡣
hڣ㲻õģû˭ֹ̨ȡĽο
h΢ЦͷžԼȻͻױʦͨױ
ʮ֮󣬱һױҡ
һߣмŮڰhҪ
һɫȹǳϷhʣΪڴhȥӡ
Сʱ󣬷hױ˱øӵݹ
ȻʣûױҲƯǲμش񣬻ױǱҪġ
hվԵһ䣺hױÿ
ллhһЦȻԱߵļŮ֣鷳ҵȹùɡ
õģhС㡣
ŮСĽȹʵhǰȻ¶һ˿Źɫ
֮¶ΪhҪ·ˣȴվԭأһ㶼ûгȥ˼
Ȼ⼸Ůֲµóͷhϵܲһ㣬ܿŮ¹ϵǷhô˵ǴǣͨŮӣ·ôܱ˿
hŮֵı飬һɣûϵġ
һԵĶޱʮ
ϻطhȥƶʡ캣캣ѧǩۻʱ򣬾Ϣﵱų滻·
ҪһΣ
ԽԽԼˡ
Ҳøϳȥֻ÷hԡ
ǳһʵhҪҪȳȥһ£
ɫǣһʲôûб㿴İhĻӦ
仰ǼŮֺͻױʦˡ
hСĹϵԶĻҪܣ
ȻʲôˣҲˣ
һ󱬵㣡
ޱ̶ʲôû
ǣŮæͷش
Ƕ֪ԼұȥĻԺһлˡ
ֻ˷hĻ˵ˣhǴ֮
ЦЦɴ󷽷Ŀŷh»¡
һ͵h͹µģʱڣͬѸȴʲôûɵ¡
ܿ죬h·һմӣ̲סЦɫǣûҪҪһΣ
hͱȡЦˣʲôӣҺͼÿ֪
Ļش÷hϲ
һﻹĶء
hͷĶˣԼԲᰲ
Ҿ˵ǴɫǰɣȻҵļ湻ɫģߡhͨŮӵɱǿ̫ˡ
˾µױݡȹһ߹С
ױʦͼŮֺ޲ô˿Լģͷhǵ飬һʱνܵˡ
Ͼhǰһֱ崿ǵ
ˣhС㣬׼һǾͳɡޱ̲סڣֹⳡ顣
h˶ޱһƤЦ⣬Ȼͷޱ㣬ҲҪ
ֻ࣬ǳҪһȥǰɣޱ˵ţ˳һۡ
ʵĳϣ̫ʺϹȥΪûһݡ
νȦȦһеԼȦӣȥȦӣ⵽ų⡣
ŷhһְ佱񣬿϶ܵܶ顣
ޱǿǵһ㣬Żʳ⡣
ϣȥhΪ¬ֳָʲô
hѩһ¾ͲµޱĹǣޱ㣬㵣ĳȥ佱ֳǰɣ⻹򵥣ϴһںˡ
һβһޱ˵Լ뷨кܶʶȦǰǿһߵĻ
ûϵģޱ㣬ҵǰЩhֳһ㶼ںӡ
h˵ޱҲֻͬ
Ȼûκȷh׼ϣһǰ佱ֳ




1832¡RAP
 

Ȼ佱ҪߵӲſʼǳͷhֳ֮󣬿ܶ๤ԱѾʼæµ̨λԼЭֹ
Ϊװһڵӣ⻻һװϺīȥΪᡣ
ֻ˿ûбָߴ׳ʵģױ˻ʵ㡣
hһֳܶ๤Ա׷׿
ЩԱh֣Ķܾ塣
Ϊ֪hôΪμӲţǷǳҵı֡
ǣȻҲ֪ͨţǲǶˣƳٵɴ಻
ˡh¶΢Цֺ͹Աкǳ
ŮкܻᱻΪ㡢װġ
ЩԱûһⴧh
ΪhȦķһᶼܺãӴĹԱƽ׽ˣһҲûС
Ϊ⣬û뵽hֳԱлܻͦӭġ
ҸҴͣҪĹŶh˵ţ󼸸ͷŵ̨ϡ
ллhС㣡
ЩԱͶˡ
ͨһҹû˯͵ʱ䶼ûУڶӶûš
hصͣЩԱȫǳмĵл
hһô͸ԭǸԱԵģĴ̫ټˡ˵
hĳޣĺܸˣ滹ǹֵĵٿֻǾ֮Ͷѡ
˵Ļû̬ȴܶ๤Աˡ
Ȧ﹤ˣһⶼܰԡ
Ƕܺ棬ΪʲôбܸhСܡ
ԭ۵ĳͷh˵֮˹Աע⡣
Ƿ֣ͨôϷhڵģ
һֻһ˱hʵ̫Ǻˡ
Ȼûһ˸ȥʡ
ǹԱʣݸߵˣɾͲһˡ
˷h絽֮⣬һǡ
ǣҲһ߼𣬶һǳʶģ̼ǹRAP֡
̼Űɫ¡ڼԲıڴӵ£̨߹еͬʱеЦ
Ϊ̼иܳĹڶѶ㣬̼޿̣ʦ档
Ѿһ䡣
̼ˣһȵϵҪСһ㣬ҳñȽϲС
ֻϴԲ̼Уҵȴͷhһ絽ǳû뵽ġ
̼ż߹󣬿hǰһЦݵhñһ簡̫ҵˡ
ֻǰ涨ʱšhе㲻䲻ȵĻӦ
ڲ̼ˣûʲôӡ
Ϊ̼ĸ̫ˡ
Ǿûˮƽĸ֣ȴܻúķ˿ȦȦǮȻߡ
ֻȦǰѹ㿴ҲҪ˵ΪȦǱ
hһ仰̼h̬ȡ
⡣
һڷhȦĿλɲС
ŮܵõŴ
νӻ֮󣬲̼Դĵʵ˵¬ͬ㲻Ӧ¬Ҫľ͹˾ǲΪ£鲻ð
ǰ佱顣hһ㶼Ͳ̼ϻ
Χô๤Ա¬ĵ̫ϸ
ǲ̼ǲ֪Ȥļ˵Ǻǣ¬ҲǺ˲ƾʲôҪĴˮƽôã㻹Һء
˼ʱûи˭Ĵ㡣hʼе㲻ͷˡ
Ҳûϵ飬ϾΪߣʱҪк顣̼ੲݣ¬£ʵǿ԰Ŷҵľ͹˾ʵһҲ¬ľ͹˾
hһڻؾޱȴǰһ˵̼Ŀ¬ǷhС
ޱ֮ʣΪ֪̼ľ͹˾ȷʵʵ̼ûдţ
̼ԸԮ֣ºƽĻҲòųˡ
ޱ뷨ǲ򲻵ѣó֡
Ϊֶ֪Σǳ򵥴ֱԵֶ֮βʺȦľס
ȦﹴĶǣϻǱάһźϾҶͬһϳԷġ
h¬ͬȦַܲǾַ
ޱʣ̼ˣǷhľ˶ޱɣģҳĻ¬ԲǿҪͷhҲҪκλرֻǴҶͬһʱĸ֣Ӧõġ
Ǿ̫лˡޱʱϲɫ




1833¡Ů
 

ޱҪhӦǷhȴ̫̼ܲİ
ȦǷ˵飬ܻᱻȡĻر
h뿪ھܾʱͻȻ˵ˣh̼ͷɡ
Ϊʲôhܲ⡣
ѵԼûնԸ¬
ǹһ΢ĻȵҾǵ뿴̼жܡ
hûȻ
ԭ˵ΪԼĶȤζ
ȷʵ뿴̼¬СĶ
ǵ˭ıӲܿϼ
ǡðɡhôӦ̼Ҳ޲ɣͲ鷳ֶΣȦһЩǰܲˡ
̼hӦϲֳϲ֮ɫȴ¬ˣҾʹȥ˵
鷳ޱٴαʾл
˵껰۳ֳûİһ
ͳӴ֮󣬶ޱóǳ
ΪڿԼĵĵǶˡ
hС㣬̼ȵȲŰɡ̨ϼʢװк
hӦһ̨ȥ

̼ע⵽Ĵڡ
е㲻ĶԶޱʵС㣬ǷhС±ôֻһˣ
ԣǷhС±ڣֺһ˾͹ˡޱѹش
ǽ˵ĶԻһ
̼ȫŶޱ˵ϾҼڱǲ̫Զˣһͷ
壬Ǹ֣
С㣬ǲǱƭˣһЩӱںܻᴵװԼ˵ʲô䵱ˣʮ꣬ʵǼٵġ̼ܺĵѵҪҪҽһҶ˾㣿ҹ˾ıھֵ
Ͳˡޱеεܵ
УȻԸ̫ʣǵ֣ȷʵò
̼ΪޱڸǼ˵С㣬ģҵݣԲ㣬㿴ǼҷhС㣬ͿһС屣ڱѵ㲻úûȫ𣿶ڽôҪӣhСİȫǲʧĿԿ˵ġ
ǺǣĲˡޱǿЦЦٴ˲̼顣
̼룬¬вhĻޱ֪ڵҪˡ
Ҳѿ࣬Ǹŷh̨š
ʱдССǽһۿȥоȻкܴ󲿷ǣڵϼ硰ŮϵԽǣֻߡСֻϵ͢ӻԴȵȡ
Щ֣ͷhһִ󽱡
Խ̨̼ЦӭȥԽãٵˡ
ûаҾ׼ʱġԽ˲̼Ļе¡
һ̨ĺЦЦԽ̼ڿЦء
ŶһΪٵˣҡԽؿڣСеɰ
Ŀ⣬ͻȻ̼ķhסˣСܵhǰǼ˵hķ˿
Խhһ£ŷӦȻһԺС
ŮԽȻķ˿ȷʵЩϲ
ûҡԽԵʮָˣhһֱǩʿɲԣ
ûⰡǲ굽̨ϢҾ͸ǩhˬĴӦˡ
лл㣡
Խ̬һԵĺǰҡͷǡŮô˵棬ӦעԼŶ԰
ȻҲûж˵ʲôȻ˶û롰ŮʵѾԵɷչˡ
ʱԽıڡһĴɤźܴ˵ǫ̫̂ˣòţǱں޹˵ȫȥţ
̫ˣɤִ˱ôһ𣬳֮⣬˷׷̨
ֻһ⣬˾ǳ
佱̨ʵܴҪ˵ӵûռǿ֮ԡ
ҳϣhκβأȻԽڵĻȥ
£ͳԽа۵Ĵڡ
ιôȥⱣڲһڽǻʵ
ûȳӦԽıѵ壬ô˵ǷhС
͸ӦȥԽΪıڣ˵һҲ
˵ԽߵĻȨƺСԽĻԲ
Ϊ壬Խĳݣ嶼֮ˣԽΪչݣڡ
Ȼ伸ʮ꣬ȷʵӣԽٹݣҲֻèġ
Ӧ͹˾ҲӦ




1834¡ʦү
 

̼塱Գôף˵кϷˡ
ýܻ֣ܿ彫̨һĻʱ򿴿ޱ᲻ڸղûܰ˾
Ȼ̼ϣװͰ͵ʵ㵽Ǳڻ
ҵȻǱڡ˫ֲĻش
⸱̬ȸðϴܣ̲סѵС壬ѧ˵أīװᣬȥ
˵ţ־ҪժϵīȻѳȥ
̨ڶǣԼ̨µһȺԱȫһĻ
Ƕ̫ţˣhıڶѵ⣬ҿӾҪ֡
ȫhӣʱ紫ȥɲֹ֮ĳͻܻܿᱻŮǷhԽ֮ڶԹ
Ȼ˶ܾ棬Ϊʲôhһ㷴ӦûУ
ּīԽֹҲ
һ̣ԤеĻ沢ûг֡
īǺúõϡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ųȥ
ô£
˿Ŀɿڴ
̼һ֮ɫ
ôԽǿڣͻȻͶԷhС屣дأ
ȻԼףô͸ˡ
ֱǵܴ裡
һǫ顢Ҫӣλ壬ֲǱʦүòŸҹ°ɣ
ڣ仰h̲סЦ
֪¿϶ǳĹ
ֻǳ̫죬ڳһȺôף
˭ˣսӵĵҡֻ̫ݣȽе
ŶӦòҷɣʵ
ߣһ˵ţҪվ
ȻϥǻδվֱͻȻоͷһᣬֲĸ¡
裬ʵ̫ˣ
˿̰޲Ҹضȥ
ֳôͬпء
Ƕˡ
Ǳ裬ĸǾ졣
ǰСӣʵаŵúܣ
ҲҾˣֻܺƤСӣ˵⣬һѣҾͲ̨
Ǻǣû⡣زˣһֻֽ
˴Ļ̨ϣ˵Ķ֪Խ˵ʲôԹԵ̨ȥ
·̼ߵʱ򣬱̼զ£
ûɶ¡忴Ҳ̼һ̨ۣҸȥûˡ
̨ϣԽ߹Ǹ˼ҰƢ̫ãϣ㲻Ҫ֡
û¡΢΢һЦͷβûʲô
Խ׼³γƺʱͻȻһ
ſڿȥֻһʱ˧ǣʮڵĴӵ£̨
¬ˣѿڽǵ֡
̼¬ôĵе㲻ˬųһ¬ġ
¬̨֮ܿ£Ȼ̨Ͽȥ
Ȼλñ̨ϵ˵ͣȴ·Ӹ¿һ㡣
̨ϵǶЩ
ȻƽʱҲˣƣ¬һȣܶˡ
¬֣ûʲôرӦֻĬĬ·hС֣÷hõġ
ڳī¬һʱûϳ
˿¬Ŀ⣬ֻڷhһϡ
Ҫڣ̨һʵ¬ôڲˡ
תͷȥ˵֮ǹ̳һǰҶһʦ
Ȼʦ¬ȴһ𾴵˼ûУǷܰشʲôʱʲôʱôˣ
㣡ʦʱúһϣ¬Ҷزţ㵹ͦر𣬿һ㶼ϧԼ
Ǻǣʦ⻰˼ˣҽţѾӣ㻹ǲǣ
¬ʦһ
Ųһ仰ⳡ佱ȡ
̨ϵǾ¬п˵óõ
Ͼ˼ҵĿɽȦƽ
ʦ¬˵һʱ䲻֪λӦȻǰѾܶˣֻܻһˣְ佱
νǲ繷ȦȨƶƽ¬ĵǣȷʵﲻ
Ϊ˰Ȼڷԣʦ¬ǰֻǿ˵¬嶯Ȼˣ̨Űɡ
ˣŸƨ¬˻ȥһҲʦӣϻûԷhһȥԷɣͣ
ãҵ³ԹԱͺáhŶľܾ
ܾ¬ǵûЦǺͬĴǣôܳԹ͢ĴͣٻμӰ佱ͱˡ




1835¡¬
 

˶û뵽¬h˵Ȼôģһ㶼ζԷh˼
ȦҲˣ¬hǶǡȴ಻ϤˣǾ㻥͵ġ
һжӱȥſ϶ɡ
ʱ˵ҵ̶ܴܵȵӰ죬͹˾ΪƽϢţҪǧǧ򹫹طѡ
¬޼ɵhԷڳǶǳס
ڷhٴξܾʱ̼ͻȻվ̨ԵټĶ¬˵¬̫ðɣhֲ죬ƾʲôȥԷ
Ӵ̼һѣҸҽаˣһȥ¬һҲѲ̼
ô˵棬¬˵̼ȥ
Ȼм̳ǰڳǲõ¬
Ǻǣôţȴֻhһ˳ԷǾǿôǿ̼ıԣڳȫѹ¬
¬Ǽ֮ˣ̼ôһмĻӦô㻹Ϊ벻ô˲ɣͳһ͢ϯУȻ̼ԲȣҾͳȫ㣬Ҿû棬͢ϯôԶ֪
¬ͣҾǲôҲҪٶһ°
̼ɹĴЦ
Ȼ˵ǳⷽġ͢ϯ
еǣΪóȫ۵µĿѼ
ֻл쾩Ȧݵλһˣ֪ߴϵϯǡ͢ϯ
ȻֶϯͨҲԲ
ˣ¬ͣԵ˾ʮĹ͢ϯߣ˾͸ϲϰ佱ˣ̼˷̨ܵȻhޱʹ˸ɫ
ȻûҪhͷ顣
̼񣬷h֪ܴڳԷʱ򣬸¬
ϯ̸֮ǳɹߵģ¬ţҲܵӡ
hûӦ̼ʵ̫ȥνġ͢ϯ
Ƿhתͷ˳һۣ뿴ʲô
Ȼǡȫû
Ҳ֪̼ʲô˼Ծȥ̼ΰƽ
һԼʶһ´˵еġ͢ϯ¬˵ԲȣֶΪ
˫ī֮գգȻ¶һЦ⣬hҲͲԥͶޱһ̨ߡ
ԭһΪhӦҪ¬͡
ǴӦ¬һźţ
hһ̨һЩСǷ׷׸ߡ
ǿɲƷ͢ϯľѻᡣ
Ȼǻûͱ¬ιιιʸעԼĵΣѧ̼Բȣʲô⣡
ЩСǱ¬һȫɫ죬ԭޱȡ
ţ¬ʼˣԽǣǱߵ͢ӻԴǱߡǼ
¬ļһǣȦıԶ¬Դ󲿷ֹԹԵ
ֻһûУǾԽ
ֻԽֱĻؾҲ̫ȥ˼
ͣȻҾܾǾǲӿ¬̳
Խ۵ӹһ˿µɫ
ũ׸ǣһ㱳ûУôҲһ漣Ժܶ˽ݡ
¬ֱӲȦС⣬Խֻбѹķݡ
һʱûô֪࣬¬вپܾһ飬İͻȻѵԽֶŮʹӦ¬ٰɣȻ˾͵úˣ
Խ仰һʶ¬ʲô
ǱбķhòӦ¬Է
ҾܾĲȦˡ
Խֻǿ˵ͷʾӦ
¬ЦһЩ⡣
ԽֺޱĸΥ˽֮ԽʶһʲôȨơ
ߣ¬һӣһڱȥ
ŷhԽ͢һųȥʦںһ䣺¬ĵӻҪߺ̺Ҫ֪𣿡
ף
¬ͻȻعͷһ°ʦŵùǺΪҪˡ
¬ûʦ֣³ԷʱҪͷh̸飬֤ʦһɡ
֤ʦһ಻Ŀһ£Ȼ֪¬Ҫ֤ʲô顣
Ըֻˮ
ڹ֤ʱƫ̻¬뱲ӵͻһˡ
ǲƫ̻¬Ļء




1836¡ָʹ
 

Ѹٺ֮ʦѡЭ
ֻӲͷƤ̨˽һº󣬾͸¬
¬ʮ߳ȥ̨ϵĶǸȫǳĽ
Ҳֻܸɿš
ʮӺһźͣھʳ֮ǰ
С㣬ϯĴϹϾվӭӡ
ϯѾǰյ¬ҪԷϢ
³󣬿ɫʳžǾߵĵطˡ
ޱԸͷhܵ˵Ĺ͢ϯһ²һΣһξһһֻʮˣܼӲˣܼˣʲôȫƾ飬ϯǰԤҲ֪¬ʲôʱ򶩵ġ
ޱ㣬˵˼ߺأϾһôţ϶ŶӡhӰ˵һ䡣
ޱ÷h˵ͦе¬ıȷʵԲŶӣֻҪ㶨ԭԤԾϯˡ
¬߽ʳ֮ŮǿۣǸоԼĹŴ͢ʳÿһڷϡĹŶһóȥҪϰ
˾ʮܿţʵԶ˵ࡣ
¬ǣһ׸趼Ҫ󼸰ǧĳѡ
ʳѸ¬źϯʳ¶ͥԺ
ͥԺ԰ԷȾƣһܡ
¬һȣ׵λ
ȻԱߵλʾhߡ
ȻhĻȥ
¬ҲΪ⣬ǳԶ˷hh϶ߡ
Խǡ͢½ʦʱ򣬷Ѿûλˡ
Сǣһһƣһҵ
Ա߻иһվŵǣһʱеΡ
¬ʳӶ༸λ㣡
¬٣ʳ涨һֻʮˣԺܲ˼ʳЦ͵
¬üͷͼӣ˵ôϻǲǲˣ
ðɣ¬Եȡ
ʳֻ÷Ա༸ι
ڣʦʣµǶλhԭóҲȴνŻվš
ȻװhıڣǾϷݵס
ֻվڷhĵط
ʱ¬õĿˣЩô֪𣿿ȥǳԷ
¬Уھ͸ûʲô
ƽʱҲôԼıڵģЩûһҶ졣
¬ôһȻҲֻԽһۺ󣬸һ˳ȥ
ػһڸղ̨һûжȻǳ
˳ȥʱע⵽վԭأСеаŹ򣬾ȻҲ¬ĻΪԼǸ˲ɣ
֪󣬳ͻͷ߳
Ȼȫ˳ͥԺ󣬿hվŵĳ¬۽һŭˣιȥû𣿶ˣ
Ǵī˫ֲûӦ¬
ıڲ̼ˣԲ˵
һµվԭأò̼ԭСҲֻǱװƣĴﲻϺ
¬׼Գ쭵ʱ򣬷hڵҵڣҴ粽룬벻Ҫȥ
ǰɣ¬ǲҪŷh棬ݺһޱʵ꣬룬סˡ
¬Ĳ²hڣӣԷhŻֻһ˵ڣһ粽롣
Ϊhڵʵǳ¬ó
Ŵhٴξܾܻڻ뿪ʳ
ʱ¬ͻ÷hʶߵıڲൽж
УǾ
¬Ĵȣò̼ĸ⡣
ǿɲ¬˲ͷhıڼƽϣϷ϶ںͷ
ܿ죬һ̹͢⿵ζȱ
¬Է֮ǰϰ߳һ̡
¶ʱŷԼϳˡ
ͥԺſʱȺ¬ڣæСܻ
˴̣ҴûУ¬Ƴһۣʵ
Ᵽڳϻ̳Ͽֵͷش¬٣˼ΪԼˣҲˡ
Ͱһ¬˦һơ
ֻʵʵţʹʵڳȥɣ
¬ñȥͻȻ뵽ʲô
ֱߵӻԴȻͳǮǮȡһŰԪ󳮣ָʹбʣµǮҸˡ




1837¡ڶ
 

һǣӻԴͻȻ¬ȥֱ̣ڳǼ䣬ӻԴѪӿŭȥ
˸еǣȻڷŭһ̣Ӳ
棬ĵСʵۡ
Ȧıû¬Ӳ
뵽˽ͱദʱ򲻵ѱ˺
ӻԴǿһ˿Ц磬ͱЦˡ
и㿪Ц𣿡¬ͻȻ
ͻȻ֮ӻԴָʹӻԴȥ̣ʵhġ
ȻhӻԴӵи˿ӻԴʵҲûh١
¬һڣӻԴЦˡ
֪¬ѿ
ˣοˣ˭ûƢӻԴʵ¬ʲôʱˣ
㵱Ȼûеңұȳ꣬۱֣Ҿʦ֣ôˣ¬Ц
ӻԴʮֱһʱȴ֪η
Ȧǳע۱λ𱰡
ʦȻˣȲڳʮСǣһ¬׵һλãʾ𾴡
ӻԴ޷¬ıۡ
ʱӻԴߵ͢ڵ¬ʦ֣黹ǱûԴˣҵıȥɣ
ҵıҲȥͬΪСֻϵǧǻ
У
¬ͻȻصӣһ
ӻԴȥͱȥǲӣϯҲóˣ
¬ѻ˵ôأӻԴɫøѿ
һѡ踺أΪ¬̡
¬˰ԵhԽԽá
ĲͬԷֻǵ˶ķ
ӻԴû̻֮ǰ˭Ҳûжӡ
ʮӺӻԴһбˣ¬ҵ̡
ӻԴҧҧֻ
¬һ̣¶ˬı飬Ȼ˿ʼԷ
hûжӣ͢ϯٺóԣҲûһθڡ
԰ôԣhȫĲɫ㲻ϲô¬ֱʵ
hҡҡͷֱԲĵûθڡ
¬һֱӰϣָһͷԽļϡ
ԽæĿͷȴ
¬Խ͢ǾٵеĿӣȫ˻
ΪΪ¬Ҫˡ
¬ûжԷhǹĵʵ֪Ϊʲô鵼鲻ãԷúһģ˳ô֤
ûʲôĵģ֮ǰѾҵ̬ˡhǿӲһҲ¬ᡣ
¬ƤЦⲻЦĵǺǣ裬ǿǿϣȦĸûбˣһϴĸжô𱬣϶Ϊ
˼ߵǵ·ߣҲһҾ粻úhÿһ仰˵úֱӡ
һаʾ¬ֵ˼
ںðЦ
¬ĸɫǵܳʲôҪõֲ
ѵķhּһŹ֣
̼õЦ
ʦ״һˣȦСܿҪͻˡ
Ȼ¬ϬĿһµס̼Цʲô㲻Ҳߵĵ·ߣ
ûЦʲô̼װһµӡ
͸Цˡ
̼¬˵ˮƽ˭ҲЦ˭̼ȻЦ¬ǶԼһACûС
¬ҪΪ˷hҲúͲ̼ƽϡ
ֿhڳһӵ˵hǲǿһЩۣ᣿ʵҵַǳ䣬ڵұֻ֤ҪҺһܴһ޶ĸ
Ŀǰûкκ˺Ĵ㡣hȻԼĵߣӦ¬Ҫ
£¬˿Ц⳹ʧ
仯ԽİѿӼŵıγǷŻزӡ
˶֪¬Ҫˣ
h֪佱췽ҵϰƽ𣿡
֪hĻشûһ˿⡣
¬ʵ㻹֪֪켸ҪĽŮֽרѵʵҪ䷢㣿
ģhһ֮вɸ־ϲ֮ɫ
⻰˵š
¬˵ŶȾǰٷ֮һˣϾ¬Ϊ֪Ļ֮һ
h־ϲ֮ɫ¬΢΢𣺡˵Ļûм𣿶ʵ㣬⼸ȫڶ㡣
ʲô
ȫɴ۾




1838¡ϰ
 

ڵ̳Ӱİ佱񣬼ҪȻڶģ
ôǲǿɴƶϣ䷢ȫʵڶģ
ڳǣȻ֪ȦܶĻڶ֮ʤ
Ȩ̳ڶȫš
¬Ȼ͵ǵ棬ֱ˵ڶֻ
ʵ̫޼ɵˣ
ҲΪ⻰¬˵ģǲŸΪ𾪡
Ϊ¬Ŀɽǽ췽ƽĻŶȷǳߡ
hˣɫԭȵľϲΪߺʧ
ֻƾԼʵô󽱣ôҪڶĽ
ǶһŬķ񶨺衣
¬㻰˵һ㣬ҲҪκ˰ڶ
h̫ˣһΪ崿Ӫء¬ǵЦŨˣΰ佱Ĵ󲿷ֽڶе˿е˿ϵ֪ԼΪʲôܱڶô𣿡
Ҹhһ¾ˣƽڶΪ¬
û¬ƣȻֵȼһ̣һں˵⼸ҵһΣô˰ɣҺȫԿѾշʱϳ裬϶ܳڰռְ񵥵һ
һǾ仰ҲܺİɡhǼ
ʼնδҡԼ
¬˺ǴԼĵߣǷh޷ܵġ
¬һӹһĨ⡣
hǾƲԳԷƣ
Ȼ¬ҲͲٺ˵תhǼڶ㣬ҲڶˣԱߵԽûٿһ¡
㣡h
¬⻰ŰԵҸǶֵĲء
ڶôһࡢҹǵò϶ͻر
ǲò˵¬вЧ
hȷʵܲʧȥ⼸
ΪԼȫʵ⼸ֻǲ뱻˵ڶ
ʱͨī˲̼һۡ
̼оԼϷ·𱻴һ£̸Ӧǳڿ
һСھȻҶʹɫʲôʱhͷѵõ𣿡̼Ĳˬ˵һ䡣
hӼܾԥӣ֪Լʱ򿪿ˡ
ȵȣ¬ڿ˵ڶǲ̫Ŀŵˣֽǰ͸ֵķ˿ǴӦ𣿡̼ĵһ仰ͺǿӲ
¬ΪhҪЭû뵽ʱȻ˸վh˵ݺݵĵ˲̼һۣ㲻˵û˰㵱ưͣҪҰѽ鱬ȥԸ
Ż˭أ¬
̼Ȼʮ㣬ʼ¬
ϰƽǺţϰѵˣ
ҪǸұƷhǾǺҲ̼ΪУ
͢
ʲôʱ̼ôMANˣ
ĳMV￴̼Ǻİ
̼ȻҸhͷӲ¬ĳ˵ϡ
ʦסˣվԲ
¬˲̼Ļһº󲻽Ц̼꿿ųһѣΪϰܺƽƽǰɣãǾ͸Դ绰ǵϰ˭˵ã
ʹ˭˭̼ѪӿҲͳֻ
¬ٴЦһƵȡԼֻ绰
ۿ鼴ݱ䵽޷ĵزʦһ࣬ٺõļȶԲˡ
˴绰Ŷȵˡ
h̲סͷ˳һۣ֪ؼʱ̼
ڲ̼ϰܲܰƽƽhûжġ
ϣǼڳϡ
ʶһǸƽǺε˱Ͼĵš
߰˷ӣ߽һװ΢ˡ
һ³󣬾ͶԲ̼ʵô£¬ٳˣ
ܣ֪¬ȷh°ɣڰhأ̼˵仰ʱϱΪ⡣
Ȼϰһ͵һ
Ҫ˵ʲô߽һװˡ
߻һݡŮˡ
ܣˣ¬æվЦӭȥ
ǰֺ¬һգ۾ͱΨΨŵŵȻܷǳη
˲ҵ׷վ
ƽڻȦȨƵļ֮һ
ȦһƬƽ˵㡣
ְ佱Ľƽڶ
һƽһҲΪ




1839¡
 

ƽĳ֣һĳ׳ȵס
⡢ܣôˣŬЦʵ
ƽ俴һۣȻΪʲô㵹һǹ˾Ĳ̼
仰һϵЦݱȿ޻ѿ
̼˶˰ء
Ծ
ƽʱܿһֱԼĵλƽ൱ǾȦȨƵĴ֮һ
ҲȷʵӪ˺¬ͬλĶǡ
˲̼ԼĿλ¬൱ôϰܺƽλಢǴţ
ôܿƽƵģ
ܣ㡱
̼ճڣͱŭ̼ǵʲôȻǵͷϣ
ҡֻڰhܻ÷h飬ҵҵаѵ𣿡̼仰˵ú޵
ܶƽ̬Ⱦ֪Ĵشˡ
Ȧ˲õˣ³ô̼;ò
ܺ޲õ̼һƣ֮ƽϢƽŭ
ܣʵڶԲ𣬲̼ûã̫£Ǹ
ǸˣղһﻹҸҽаأ¬ĵĵ
ŬЦһ̷·˷·ձƵģҪ౰΢ж౰΢
¬٣Ӧô
¬һ˿ɫҲ̲̼ˣһõھȦ𣿡
仰ܺͲ̼ɫ
¬Ҫݵˡ
ƽѡԹۣĬ¬κ顣
Խǡ͢ǣȫŲˣɫף
ǲ顣
hĿȥı
˻ֲ̿ʱ¬֡
ʮڣܽͥԺ
ǵıҲ˽
棬һ֪ˡ
ȦС¬Ͳ̼Ȼֵֵز
Ϊᱻĳһ¶ûУվԭؿ֡
Һúźһ²̼ү¬Ц
ʮδ󺺣һͬΧס̼Ѳ̼ŵ˫ȷ
ļڿƣȥˡ
ңҸǼǮ̼֮£Լıں
Ȧıڻͦҵģһԥһ³ڲ̼ǰ
ЩڣȫӣʵǳţвҲη塣
ֻϧ̼ıڣ߹Լʵ
¬ʮڶ˵ֱӶ֣߾Źʮ룬̼ļȫ򵹻˦ȥ
ֻʣɪɪĲ̼һˡ
ҪҪǸ̼һѣû뵽Խȳȥ
ˣ
ʮδ󺺿ˮ۵Խڲ̼ǰһʱûҼ֡
˭Ҵ򣡡¬ÿ˶С
ڳŷ֣¬ĿȻ׶
¬£һ־ҪԽһƣԽ֪Ѷˡ
ڵƼԽʱһֻϼƣץס
ˡ
Գ걣ڲһ
¬ıڣҳİռݾϷ硣
ץסıһ£һֻȭϴȥ
ͬʱҲ׷ȭųк
Խǲ֣ԸһϱڣǿɾһҲˡ
ۿŰһ˶սʮ׳˶ڣȻûгֵĴ㡣
Ϊ֪Ӧˡ
ֻȭʮΧŲæغ󹥣һӺʮھȻһ̵ڵء
˿һ档
Ƕû뵽Խϱ־Ȼôá
֮ǰôڷhıǰأ
̼ΪģɲΪּĸ֣һᱣǰʧء
ƽ¬Ҳúܲ졣
ƽֻ΢һ£ͻָ򶨣ⱣںܲйڣʮͰǿˡ
˵е
¬˵ţ壬Ը߸ϵĿ˵ҪҵıڣҿнˮԽ˾ĸʮ
ǸһٱҲ㵱ڣӲӦСֵЧ
ĻӦóΪ⡣
֮ǰϱڶϣû뵽ǿȨǰ
˰ĻԽ˹ƣԵʮָˡ
һ˶Ϊôߣ¬ƽҲҶˡ
˻û˼ӣƽǸŮˣͻȻԹȰٶǰ
屻һû뵽ԼȻŮʩչʲô




1840¡ɱ
 

ƽŮڻδ֣Ǽ䱳亹乡
֮£ʶĻȭŮϴȥ
Ȼһ룬˾ͱŮڵֶסᵽС
һһʮĺӣһȥ߰ʮŮһĻڳʵ̫ˡ
Ů˵ֵ̬ز
̼һƬ
ˣ
Ϊʮ¬ıڣܰȻ
û뵽ֻƽŮһ棬ͱܡ
еĲ࣬ͨ￴ö
ֻ֪ƽŮжֲ
˵ƽһŮǾŮΪ˱˵ϵĴ磬ǴŰΧƽƽŮɸ㶨
ָ֣֪ԼڳĴûһ
˿ŮڽڰУŰɫǺ죬ŮȴĿĮһ鶼ûС
Խ˳㡢Ұ壡
ʮȻŮڿһۣƽƺڵƽָ
ƽĮȻһѣɱ˾ɱˡ
仰¬¶˷ܵ
ԼŮ˵仰ƽڣĸԽ
ƽ̵ĻڳСǸɫף˵ƽŪˣԭģ
ҽǾҪۼ֤ˡ
СŮǣǣѾתͷȥٿ
ԽͷһƬհףԭأĿŰ巭ۡ
ŮڲðϢûǸġ
˾ҪֱָӶԽıڡ
Ȼ׼ɱ˵ʱͻȻӦһĵطһɱ
Ůھõɴ۾ò°壬Ȼȥ
˲ԣôŮͻȻ󷢴ȱ˰壬ƽĻˣ
ȫУֻзhô¡
϶ǳˣ
ʵվߣȫûж֡
ֻǼͷųɱѾŵŮķ
ƽüʵôˣ
иĸ֣ܣǿߣ˿Ůϵʶˣһֻ˵Сᡣ
ƽһӲ⡣
ŮڣȻŮڱųӣ˵ֻǾ˵иظ֡
ֻƽôǼ˵ôǵ棬ôܻᱻһظߣ
ȥĻȦῴЦ
ĸŴҵʦڴˣһƽ˵仰֮ɨȫһۡ
̼¬ıڶ֣ϾǶ̱ˡ
ǵıڣֲҽͥԺ
ڳСǻʦ͸ν֡
Խɨһۣƽ΢ĿڷhߣǸīϡ
Ŀ¬̼Ҳȫȥ
ǵĵһӦǣܣ
ƽŮڿɱɫôܻᱻhıŵ֣
Էhݱĸֲܱƽ
ƽԼҲ̫š
Էhıһ֪ǰӷhĳ֮Ǹ˾伣ˡ
īװԾǸڣ˵ǸhĹȫͬ
ƽĿתŮϣŮȷһ¡
ŮһɣֻоǸͥԺȴ޷ȷǲǳ
ɻĿУ΢΢һϷʵЦ⡣
ڳϣŮ˵ظ֡
Сӣ¬ǲš
ƽȷĿ꣬ƶ˺ܶ࣬ĸ֣Ҳǹ
ŮһͶˣƽҪǹ
ھǹǴɣƽȻǹеɡ
ƽɫŮڲԥһɾĶѸٰǹ׼üģҪ
ǹĳ֣ԽǸŵò
ܵվţ˹ƣƽھȦﻹ޷죬ֳ¿ǹɱˡ
¬ɫ΢΢һ䣬ܾ֮ǰһʱȴ벻
ߣɱһѣÿ춼ܶˣΪһСɫһ˻ƽŰ޼ɵ
ÿһִɱȨʱ鶼ޱȵĳ졣
Ȧﲻ֪жǣü
رֲ̫ǣһͻȻɱǱƽȦбƵġ
ǹ
ƽһ£Ůڿ۶һӵǹ׼üġ
ȻḻޱȣһССǹ˵в
飡
ǹȻֹ
ޱ𾪵УӵѾ׾ٵļָ֮䡣




1841¡
 

ͽֽӵһĻ̼ŵôģ°Ͷˡ
Ҳǳɵ
Ǵδ似ֶΡ
ƽ𾪵òһУ˲˼Ρ
ΪУƽȻԼŮڸĸֻּ֣ĸ֣벻
ڵĳƽ𾴵ָ֡
ʦ˭ƽʶʳ仰
ֻҪ֪һֵʦа취ƽ
Ͼͨ죬ʱֻҪҵʦ;ͺˡ
ֻƽõûʦ
ƽ޴
˵꣬ϵīժ
ݣ¬ˡ
̲סѿڶ㲻֮ǰƶʡҵǸС𣿡
Ŷ㻹ǵҰԲζЦ
¬־ŭ뵽µ֣ȴֻӲŭʻȥ
ƽ𾪣¬й֮޲
Ϊڲ³˳ݡ
ԭǲǰͷhŵǸˣ
ƽϢͦͨЦһӵȻ֪˭ҲӦ֪Ϊʲôһҹ֮顣
ߣ֪㱳Ŀɽ˭ԲŸھôţƽѹס죬һ˵һѸ˼Բߡ
ֻϧ˼ʱ䣺пɽŸ˵˵ҵĿɽ˭
ΪҲ֪ھǵĿɽ֮⣬ֽϴ£ֽƽģ
ƽ˵û뵽Ȧ֪ô֮¡
ƽЩ
ҿӣƽǷǳɵֽӡ
ˡٴιЦҳ£Ҫκ̡
Ļڳһ˿̵ĳУﻹֻһСڣֱµľ֡
Ůǣİ˶顣
Ҫκ̣ƽҲЦûֽĻھһ죬һٴΣΪֽӻͿΪΪĹϵɲֽ
Σ
ͻȻһӵ˫ָ֮䡣
СģŮ̻ƽǰȻҲֻù
ƽŭӵĺʵҶҳ֣
ո˭ǹɱҵģһ
һ̣绯ҪƽС
ʿɶֹƽûʶԣҪǸҶҳ֣hǵᶪĴ󽱣һȦɱʱʧ޿ɹƣÿ
ѾǺˡ
ֻҪҰȦˣǷhͲܵκв𣿡
ֶΣԽ򵥴ֱԽá
øôơ
ֻǽ̼һᣬһûǸͰhƽ¡
Ȼ˻ᣬ̼ãԳǰԼķʽ
㡢Ҫɱңƽڸܵɱ
ΪѾǵ죬û뵽ɱġ
㲻ɱңˣˣȫҶҪᣡ
ƽǸĲƽյ档
ڸλˣΣʱϲԼĴ
ҡҡͷҪ֡
ҲҴ绰Ұֽò㶯֣ƽָͳֻδȳӦ͸ֽ绰
ǳֽ˽˺붼Ūˡ
ƽ绰ĻᣬҪȦг׾
ûж֣¬ϣ֮⡣
ͲֽĿŵɱˡ
˵ֽվϰߵġ
ʱͺðˡ
ӵƽ绰̷ֽٶʳ߸
Ȼô𼱻ǣΪƽΪ˳
ʮʱ䣬ֽϵֳ
ڳǻǵһμְλ֮ߵĴȫ¶һη֮ɫ
ƽӭȥֽܹȥǶҪַˣ
ȻֽͥԺ󣬶ƽĻţǴ𾴵Ŀ
̼ٴα𺳵Ըӡ
û뵽hһСڣȻ˿µݡ
ֽҪ𾴣ѵǻ׹
˼ˡֽߵǰǸ⡣
΢΢һЦûϵֽæҪչһˣ鷳ˡ
鷳ֽڲ֮һҪĴæԶԳҪж
ƽȴԽԽ
ôֽǳĿɽԳϱأ




1842¡һŭΪ
 

ֽ֪ʲô£ˡƽ΢һ
ԭֽѵóһ
ڿǲˡ
δֽش𣬳Ȼˣƽ̫ˡ
ô㻹ɱҲɣǾǣƶƽƢŲӽ
ֽû뵽ƽȦжɱģΪ˳룬˵仰Ȱһ£ƽϢ¶ˡ
ǹ֮Ÿƽ˼ƽϣһúùԼ֮£Ǻƽɡ
У
Ȼܾ
ûôгرղƽָʹ˿ǹɱңҪҸͽ⣬ֽÿ𣿡
⡭ֽסˡ
֪жߣԼҲϲȰ˴ȡ
ϾƽղŶɱˣҪȰƽϣǾʥĸ
кܶʥĸֽܵʥĸǹҵĲҡ
ֳֽ֧һΡ
ƽȻɱҶǲˡĴ
ֽһȣƽ಻ɵó鴤һ¡
ֽУֳ֧ģ
ֽҸղеˣǴҸǸȻ뿴Ѫʳʱ˹ֽҲа֮ﰡ
ò˵ƽ˵ˮƽûһζãвֽ
ֽʵҲǵһ㣬ƽȷʵõ
֪ԼȰö
Իɴվڳһߡ
ȫҳȥֽһԽǻ޹˵ȣȳȥ档
÷hҲȥš
ͥԺֻʣƽ¬Ůںͳֽˡ
ƽеˡ
ֽ˶ȥŲ뱻˿
ľ֮£ƽҪ绰ǳȻ֣һƽֻһء
㣡ƽǾ壬֪ûãֽ
ֽҪγɱˣ
ƽ仰ֽתȥͥԺ辰ʲôû
ֽľٶƽŮں¬˵ģ͸ˡ
ƽٵȦ˵ҫhҵ棬ҾΪȦŴ
֮ƽƽǾǱŭ
ң
ͷƽž
ҡҡͷٸƽϻָһһƽһŮڡ
¬ΪԼҲҪŵñסԴ
ȻʱŷֵضֻƽŮڡ
û뵽ԼȻܻ
ȷʵɱһ
ɱ¬ɱҪ̡
Ϊ¬֮ǰ̫ˡ
ֻ֮ǰ¬ƽȦ˸ŭԡ
ƽɽһȴ¬Ľ޾ı
лллл¬ŵ촽ףڳǰġ
ÿ¬һֻֽۣ˵߰ɡ
ֽ̾һҲ֪˰Ե˽һδ᲻
Խ棬ֽԽûԼܱס
һϢʬֽŵĸųһ߳ʳ
ʳſڵŵǣֻ˳ﻹ׷ʲô£
ӽԺȦһɽѹˣ
Ȧǣһ
ֻ뵽ɽǱ⵹ģʮǶ޷š
ǿų񣬷·𿴵һ㣬Ҫྴηжྴη
ֻзhϵʩչֶΣƽһҲͻϵĽѣ԰Ĳμӽİ佱ˡ
ƽȦᷢʲô󶯵hģֻԼ֡
ֽ߳һʱû˸ȥ
ЩͻȻ֣滹ųһˣȻ¬
ʱ¬˫ۿն··˻Ƶġ
ǰĴ⡢ȣȫˡ
һ֪һ߸Ѿϵˡ
ֻ̼һͻȻӦϬĿɨ˹ʱȫһæӭȥЦԲûh£ʵڲ˼
ԺĵͿˡǵûй̼Ĳ̼ļ
ò̼һ˲ϲ񣬷·õôһ㡣
͢ӻԴһԳľηˡ
ƽȦ˵Ĵ
ֻȻмڲǵȦӡ
նɱģһŭΪա
һ˵ֽԼæǰ˵




1843¡
 

ͷͷhһֽĳ
̼ǣں湧뿪Ȼ󷵻ذ佱ֳ
ϣֽ߿֣ص˵ϸǿһδ
ʲôֽ˵֮࣬ġ
ֽʲôǹΪص
֣ضԴ飬϶ʲô˲õĴ¡
ǰɵ¿ѧҽ¡ԼӢѧҵ޶ǣͷ齨һ֧жʮԱĿƿӣǰǱԭĳܿ죬֯ɳȥ棬֧ƿӺܿǱԭϷĳضǿԴȦ˵Դ
ֽŽһͷзһ˿â
Ϊһʿȱʲô
ľԼԴ
ڵϡһϲḶִ́ʿܰϣһ±Ũһ档
ڶǹľִѾʧҵһһ¾ܰշֻ˵ǳ˵Ρ
ͻƣֻԴ
ҲΪʲôֽĻһ¾ͶǱԭԴ˼Ȥ
ֽ˵ȥʮרעh͵͵סĸ첲ûʲôо
֪ҪԴҵõϢ˵̽飬һٷְ׼ȷҲп֧ƿӷųԻǵļϢֽŽ̬ȼ˵֧ƿǷķԴҶ齨һ֧ɶɵսǰȥ̽飬Ϣ󣬽ʱܻᷢս֮ҵһθ棬Ȼν洿ǸֵĽ
һֽĻܻѪڡ
ʱ̫ºܾͣûһĽˣ
ȻƽǺ£ȺϲּģǸֵıƴ
̽ԴԴĿ⣬һҹľѻᡣ
Ϊ˱̽飬ǲά֡֯׼
Ӧ˵ٷƳġսԯսɣֽ˵һ룬ͻȻ⡣
شȻѵҲҪ̽սӣ
ԯսսӶӳ
ֽУƺԯսζӳ鲻Ǻ⡣
Ϊ̽飬ҹĺûᣬԹٷԯսƣȡ㻪ĵһֵλӣ˳Ϊ
ԯսӣһֱֲӡħѵѵдﵽԯսҪֱ̽սӣԯս֯άгڱ֣һʧ
ԯսйٷôֲӡά֡֯Ӣ֣׹ս֮⣬Ӧûʲôܹǻսӿġ˵ԼĿ
׹ǿĹңĹٷʵɣпҲһ
Ȼⷽ׹һƴ
˱ձĹٷ֮⣬Ļ޷硢ִڣֻ޷ߡΪ֪
ٷ֪ǣҲܴ⵽ܾ
ҲΪ޷ߡûвϵĸֱ׹ѹҲġ
˵ֽȴеûգո̽սӵʵȷʵһԯս㾡ٷһ֣ģҾӲĸ֣ӿе飬϶սס
ֽ˼ǡµóֽҪ˵ʲô
Ȼֽ˵һֱѹĵ׵󣺡Ϊ˹ҫ˽ί㵽ʱǰǱԭһˣǹٷսʧ֣㶵ףԯսСӣʼղ̫ġ
ֽĿ󣬳û̴Ӧ˳˼
֮󣬻̵Ǳԭӭ֣ʱƬԭ쳣գսս֮ʱܲͻս
սΧĳսӵҲпܳ֡
һ£ԼʮϰٸļߵĹٷΧһľء
ĴӦֽǰǱԭζֽչһճ̶Ȳڸ֮еó̡
˽ԴԼľʵµͻơ
ҹҹ˫ȻͻҲаǺֱӻԴȫȡ
ڹĻԯսĹٷսӣڱǱԭԴսʧܣǽǻĵĳ裬ʱȫ綼ᳰЦĸֲС
Ȼںĵһֵţں˵ľǻĸֵԱ뾡ά
˼֮󣬳֮иּᶨ֮ɫ
ֽҴӦ㡣




1844¡ϧ
 

Ӧֽǳ˼ľ¶֮󣬾Ͳٺڡ
ֹֽһΡ
ϴγǣɱļûֽæƽϢ£ھȻ󲨣ҲܵЩ߼Ĵѹ
ĺɲǳƾܽġ
ֽڶγ֣Գ˵Ҳ˴æ
Ǽ֮ǰͽ֮ڣһִҲʰ
ԴӻرֽĽǶϽҲôӦֽ
ֽû뵽Ӧôˬ졣
˼Ϊ¶ˡ
ڿ֪˿ʼΪʹûʧ𡰹֮ĸ֡
ֽģԽԽ;ˡ
¶ȻЦǻܹ˲ţ˹֮ңҾллˣ
ֽˡһЦȻϣǻĸֱȫ翴𣬵ҴӦ㣬ҲΪ˽ģʱʲôԴԽԽѷһµԴΪ֮ˣȻҪȥȡ
仰˼˵ԼҪǱԭԴڰʾֵֽĻԴضܹˣϴȥ͹ٷƽʮʯ
ֽ˼άתñȳ˿ܶ࣬Ȼ뵽һ㣬˺׾˼
΢΢һЦģȻίǰǱԭðôķգʱõȫԴЩԴȫӦõģԯսһҲܾҪ󡣡
ֽˡͷʾл
ֽ֪ʱҪ飬Ѷȷǳߡ
ȻֽݵλȫĶûܱȡ
ڻĹȣһѹˡ
οЩ˻ܼһֽʩѹֽҪæ飬ѹ϶ǳ
ֻܷԴᵽ֣δ֪֮ԳʱҲǺν
¶ɫ˵ʵֽҳ֣ҵİҲɡ
ɵİգǾͱ׹ٷսԴĸʻˡֽɰʱһ¡
ֻǵǹƥǰǱԭԭԯսսӿ϶ϳ黹ԯս֪
Գ˵ԼɰգֽΪ졣
ֵһȺרҵķǿ׹ٷսڱԴսУʤҲɶѡ
͵Ҳֽ㻹άִ֡֯˵һ50ĳɹʣѾǳߣҸ˵ɰʵߣҪа˳ɲС
ڳǿģֽȸ־ó˵δе
Ȱһ׼Ŀǰ㼯ϢԯսսѾг7ļߵļ룬˵ǻȫսˣ׹Ǳߣܿɳ10ļߣǿҲ5ļϣԼΪ׹սӵʤֻɣ¹ԭ˭ܵʵԲ㡣
Ŷļ߾Ȼô𣿿ȷʵܵġʵǷǳ죬ֽҵǰԭѾ׼һʼͿǵĺ㲻õһС
⡭ֽһȻ
óõԴĳɹʲߣֻóΪĹٷսӶס
ȴû뵽ȻΪԴϧ
һ޶ĻӢܣǱԭǾǾٹ֮䣬޷ֲʧ
ǻ˵ʲôԴҪҪʱǱԭսʤǿУϣܼʱˣϾһˣĵ˶ӵмʮϰֵĹٷսӣ˲㶪ˡֽ֣صѵ
ûдӦʱٿɣΪ֮ˣ׷ʱ޿̶Ҫ춷˶Ÿ۵ľοĴ
ֽһʱĮȻ
֪˹ǳִõ鲻׸ı䡣
ôԼģǾռøٷսӵ鱨óһаյ̡
˵ĻҶ⣬ֻҲϣκˣһһֽ仰̺ʵУûа٣֣ص˵θսУ׹ʵǿпɳ˵е弶ߣʱһҪСģ
һġ
˵ͷ
֪ʲôʱܹȥǱԭ⼸𣿡
ʱ仹ȷĿǰ̽׶ΡֽһصĻش




1845¡Ҳ
 

ҸԤУǱԭ֮ս֮ڣܳʱ䣬ͻᱬ
ֽ֮󣬸˵һµʱ䷶Χ
ǲ⼸컹ھǻһ£ǱԭǱʲôµĶ鷳ֽ֪ͨҹȥɡ
û⡣ֽʵҲϣսô챬иʱռ鱨ʱһᾡռٷսӵϣ֮һݣǾ̸ɣ֪ͷhСҪȥһ̡
ԭ˵ˣһԵķhЦڵ鷳ֽȥ佱ֳлл
õġֽͷh˾һ㶼õݡ
ǰ佱ֳ·ϣhеȰ˵óȥǱԭðա
Ͼ˵ڱԭпܻᶪh˵ǲܵġ
룬סˡ
ϣκΣգ漰ҫҲöŮ˽齫ס
ܿ죬ֽ͵佱ֳ
ʱΣֳһȺߺ̺ǩա
ֽͨγԭֳĹԱûһ˰ʲô
ۼˣһ¾ע⵽ֽĳƷͬѰ
ֳһСɧ
ּȻμӰ佱
ǰ²⵽ĸǱôܿ죬ǿͷhӳ߳
һ̣˶˼롣
ŷhǷԭĲǿѨ硣
ֻֽͷ¶棬˷ǳһݣҲûκλᡣ
ֽѳͷh͵ֳ֮󣬾Ϳȥˡ
´īٴΰhڡ
ŷh̤Ϻ̺һ̣۹ƻڷhϡ
ΧΪhĳǿ˷ͷ
رĳЩɦŪ˵ŮǣͷhһԱȻʧɫ
ĶԷhĲˬƵƵԷhͶȥĿ⡣
ЩĿⱻý߲׽ܲһƪƪŮ֮乴Ķǵš
Էhģߺ̺Ůǣ׼ߺѾġ
ЩγһСȦӣ˽ߣh꣬ôߵ֪һ𣿡
ǣһбߺ̺һȨ
ҿҪ£
ⲻǿ챻¬Ǳ¬ĺ̨ƽǾȦһƬǣ˭Υƽ
¬Ҫǿкͷh飬ȦѾ
ߴԣƽ¬ͬʱǱh
ĳЩ˼֮ˣѾŪǱСƵ
Ȼ־ǴYYˡ
ϣܶ˿һ˱ͻ²˽жôĲ
ǼʹȻ
h󷽵߹̺ȴĳЩΪװȡװ
Ȼܿ죬ǾЦˡ
ֻһ佱ֳ
ԱϽܹȥš
ֳ˵Ŀ⣬ȥ
Ϊ֪ȦһǡС¬ĳӡ
h¬һǰһ佱ֳ˶Ѱζ
ֻǵǸ¬³һ̣ס
˿̵¬ﻹһ緢ӣ
ʧǣһˮƵģû㾫
ԴżϺ̺
ͷ¬ûɣһҲںԼ
ôˣں¬Ů˿żӣ˲ȫ˳
Ȼ¬ǣԹԵǰߣҪǽǩ
÷h̺ڽ˵ʡ
¬ûעǰͻȻоȫ̧ͷͳīĿϡ
һ£¬ŵ˫һվվȣֱڳͷhǰ
ȫһƬȻ
У¬ǶԳ¹򣬶ǶԷh¹
һĻʵ̫ˡ
˶ΪhѹҪ¬ˡ
ȴû뵽¬h̫̫һŵֱӹ¡
ȻвΪ¬ΪԭվȣŻˣҪԷh¹
Ȼһ̣Щ˵Ĳ̱¬顣
ֻ¬һ֣̿вĵԲ𣡶ԲҲˣ
»˭¬ĺ·hµ˼㣡
ղЩⴧh¬ǱǣĿɿڴ˵
¬Ŀɽƽôú񷴹һ
ϧЩǲ֪hĿɽƽֲٱ
֪վڷhߵľǴ˵ȫаۣ˿̾ͲǾ°ô򵥡
̺Խǧһǣûô𾪡
Ϊ֪¬˭




1846¡ص
 

ӽ쿪ʼȦҲû˸ҵh
ƽϢܿҲᴫȦ
̺󣬰佱ʽʼ
վ̨£΢Цŷhһδ̨콱Ů֡ѵרȵȫıh
ҹhϲһŬվûа׷ѡ
佱ԲĻ
ŷhĳѷh͵˼ſڡ
³֮ӵh˵лл㣬˳õЩ󽱣ǿڶ
hЩӦõġЦ
hȻöִ󽱣뵽ܿҪ뿪ǣҲúҪǰǱԭȸʧֺܵġ
ھǶҼòãǱԭ飬Ҫͱȥˡ
hԵóľĲû˶ҡ
hѾӦֽܷڣ㲻Ϊҵģһʤ
h죬Ȱ˵һ£ջѡسľ
㣬֮ǰʹھҰɣ
ǷhԸ
Ȼľܾû⣬⼸ʹھǣҪȥһ»ϣȻȥѧһ٣ûʱ㡣
ûϵѽֻҪھǾͺáh̰ģϾԼÿҲæܲóһֱľ͹˾
ӵ´һ֮󣬳ͷh
Ŀͷh¥컹ȥ٣ȥһѡ
̤ϱ֮ܽ·ʱ䣬ûеȵֻѧѧ
գȻٶΪģǲûΪܵ˶פ㲻ǰҪ͹
ʽǵĴѧطѩǰŷѧصƶѧԺ顭
ԳԼʱھǣȥһԾ˫̥û
ڶϣʹӾƵѧ
ߵѧѧĵط
Уź󣬸ѧԺϢпĵһѧڲͬΪ˲š
ȻҲĳЩ˲ŵõȴѡԼĹ
ֹһϿı
ţͻȻֶ߹ʮװĵˣεĶС
ʮ˿ȥΪ˷ܣƺҪȥʲôƵġ
Щ˵ûʲôȤʮˣǻѧĽڡ
͵߹ȥʱʮ˵УһԼʮӣͻȻϲĽгⲻƶʡĳҽ𣿡
һֻͣ½Ų
Ȼעҽѧˣ󲿷ֲʶ˳ڻѧУҲûѧǵע⡣
ڹҽѧȦѾԶ
סˣĳʡݵҽѧרңֻרһϲɫ˵ҽã̫ˣҽأϷҽƴѧһҽѧڣЩҽѧרңҲȫʡݵ֪ҽƴѧ
˵껰ʮҽѧרȫһĺͳкȻ򵥵ҽܡ
ЩҽѧרңȻþǧ֮⣬Ǻܿĺһһ֣ȻԴѯʵԲͬҽƴѧôۼһѧҪʲô
ģҽμһҽѧֻᡣæ͵Ȼֻ֮⣬ǻѧѧһιڹҽѧݽΪҶźòѧһˣǻĵѧݽһΣǷǳҫҲǵ룡ھ׼ȥһѧһȨҽѧרĪݽʸ񡣡
Ŷԭˣףɹ΢΢һЦ
˵껰ҪȺҽѧרҸ
ԥһ֮󣬽סΪ˼ҽȻôȥ룬ܱܿĪھܾΪڻѧݽҪһݵλһ˵ʮ˼󣬲֪ܷ棬һ£
ԭԾܾ
룬ЩҽѧרҶȰҽѧͬЩרڻѧݽ룬ֻǾֶ֮ͣΪ
û⣬Ҿ͸һȥĪڰɡ
˻һʮҽѧר̸ֳϲ֮ɫ
̫ˣллҽؼҪ
صĴ·£ʮҽѧרһĪڵİ칫ҡ
һţһźڿ۾еͺڰ칫󣬺ڿʲôϡ
˿ʮ꣬λãҽѧضǳڡ
Īڣ˼ˣص̬Ⱥǫ
Ī̧ͷ˷ڿ۾غüͷʵʲô𣿡




1847¡ݽʸ
 

Ī΢̬ȣѾ׼
Ϊ˵Ī˷ǳ䣬߲ҽѧŻ쳣֮ˣĪڽӴʱȫ̲¶һ˿΢Ц
ضԼĶλǳԼҽˮƽҽѧĵλûʸĪڷΪϱ
ʮҽѧרңҲԴĪڡ
ȻǳеΪߣվų
Īڿ϶˵ƶʡҽ֮
òЦ˵ĪڣǴ˴ãڻѧҽѧԺݽʸϣ׼
ҽѧԺݽĪһ£ΪԼˡ
Ӧ֮ϵɫøӵĮһһ˿͡
ΪԴְλ֮ݽʸУҽѧרңʵ̫̫ˣ
ЩҽѧרңĪڿ϶ﲻı׼
ȥݽҲͻѧĵΡ
Դӽ꿪ʼĪڽݽʸ񿨵÷ǳϡ
ҽѧشסڹҽѧȨϷмֵġùҽѧߣĪڵķۡ
Īɫе㲻ÿʱпܷŭӣĿһ£æЦݵĪڣ̨ݽỨѶʱ䣬ɷ׼
УĪҲ룬ɴľܾˡ
Ǽ䣬ʮҽѧרҸǵ飬һ¾ͱĪ˵ֽ
ԭΪô˽Īڿǵҵ棬ҲӦ
ϾڸԵѧԺﶼյҽѧרңѧ𾴰ڹҽѧҲС
ĪһûУֱӰǵҪˣЩҽѧרﵱȻ᲻
ֻĪڵߵˣǱ֮ĸҶԡ
أǹɵڣ˵ĪڣҲΪǲʸڻѧݽϣܸһᣡǺͻѧӷҽѧϵĵãٽҽѧԺĽԻҽѧԺѧ˵аһ
ǵĵãԻѧԺҽѧ˵һöûУҵѧݽ˷ʱ䣬˵ˣҲ׼Ī˵ǳֱˣʮҽѧרɫΪѿ
ǿǱѧμҽѧֻģҲ˵ҽѧˮƽѾõϿɡ
Īȴ˵ֻʵ̫ǵġ
ȻŻ֮߰ԸƧҲͨʡ
Īھˣһ㶼չˡں˵ĸܡ
̾һȻԿĿ⿴
ֻˡ
ûеһʱ俪ڣΪ֮Īھûۿ˵Īںܿûĳҽ֮
ڵĻϻõͬĽǾǱĪܾ
̨ݽԸ̫ǿˣʮ꣬ѧҽʮڻѧݽĻһӵٹ⡣
ûпڣ֮£̲ס˵ݣĪڣλƶʡĳҽ˵ϣڳҽϣͨһ£𣿡
ҽصĽܣĪڰĿŵϡ
ڻѧоҽѧԹҽѧ綯̬ʱ˽⣬ûÿһ鶼֪֮ꡣ
ֻ֪ƶʡ˸СҽСҽôȫ֪ˡ
ִᣬôҽ
ǵ¸صҽѧ̩ҽ֮
ҳᣬͱҽĪڿǶҽѧǰĲء
ǳ
ĪڵʣֻɫȻĻشҾǳ
һ뻯;ҽԺԺѽã뻪ϵ۽ӦòĪǼ򵥵һ䡣
ԼʮҽѧרһݽȫûϷ
ĪڹȻʹһˮƽҽѧר֮ԱǣŻڵҽѧר͡
ǶΪ˸Īڡ
ȻĪڲûϳ¶Ц⣬ȻԴ䵭ļ˵ᣬ㱻ҽֻϧѧҽʱҽѾȽǰصҽѧƼѹ죬ҲȰϣҪڴͳҽѧǼָҽ룬ʵ˹ҽѧ֮ź
ĪڣΪҽȫеģǿ룬ұҪͻ顣ĻӦ
ĪڷҽеĻᣬҲĪ۴£ΪóĪںҽѧרһҽƫ
ҽѧǷǳձΪϾҽûˣ󲿷ҽѧרҶҽٱĺҲǺġ




1848¡ѧ
 

Ī˵Щʲôʱ˵ĪڣҲҽҽ⣬ݽʸӦûʲôɡ
ĪһʱûлӦ
ǳ̨ݽȻ㹻ʸ
صʮҽѧרңˮƽǲ١
ǴӦ̨ݽδѧơ
֣ؿһ֮ĪڻǾҽѧһء
Ȼ棬ҾͿķϣͨ롣
Ī仰ûʲôرС
صҽѧרȴޱȵö
ллĪڣʮҽѧרл
ое⣬û뵽ĪڻӦˡ
ΪҽѧڣһǺΪѵľܾ
ڿҽˮƽȷʵĪڵء
ǽĪڵĻָһˮǲҪ˵̫磬ѧҽѧϵѧܰݽòãǿ϶ȵʣʱϸ鲻ס
صһ˷ܾ˲١
ֻһ£̨ݽʱ򱻺ȵʣֳ϶Ρ
ʱЩרȫ
״صļ򣺡Ѿݽʸ񣬻ʲôõǵģ̨Լˮ׼ú÷ӳҲѧһ⡣
ҽ˵öԣȭԼ
ĪڽˣȴǲΪ⣬Ǽˣ̨ǰ׳־̨ͷĶӡ
Ͼѧҽѧϵѧ̫ˣǧһĸ߲ܶѧ̨ݽרҽںܲ
ĪͻȻ뵽ʲôҪҪȥݽ㿴֮󣬾ͻҸղΪʲôܾǵ󡣡
ԡ뵽ٻϿΣ޷ԼҲţȥЩҽѧרݽġ
Ҳʶһ»ҽѧԺѧж
Īڵİ£СʱǧҽѧԺѧۼѧԺĽݽ
⻹вٻҽѧڣҲĪ
ֹݽᣬѾܸ߼ˡ
ĪǸǻᣬʮУר׼߽ſڵʱͻȻͣת˵Ϊ׼Ĺ񣬷ҪڹȨϷƪҽѧĵרңУϣǵݽʧ
ҡǲģؽס˫ȭɵٴν
УרҲһÿ˵嶼бļ
ݽȷʵǳᡣ
ǰԼĴѧСʲô
Ҫǽݽݽûѧӿڿഫϱֽǲҫ
ĪڼʮרҶܽţҡҡͷûǣҽѧϵѧͺ֮ܶǰͷݽˮƽӲ̨ʵⲢǶݽ߲أǵȨҵʱ䶼ܱ˭Ҳ˷ʱһЩĵݽ֪𣿡
֪ˣæͷӦ
Īڲ˵ʲôʮУר߽ŵĽݽҡ
󣬷ݽҵĿռ䣬ġ
캣ѧݽңˡ
ѧݽǧ˴´ࡣ
ǰһŶǿλרΪݽ߶
ڶžǰĻҽѧרҺͽǡ
ſʼǻҽѧϵĸ߲
ĪڽźɨȫѧȻֱϽ̨
λͬѧվģǽҪݽҽѧרңҹƻӭ
һ䣬һϡϡ
ûжѧơ
صɫʱеСΡ
ȻĪ˵Щѧ̫ˡ
ǲչֳʵѧĻ޷õء
ûи̨ǽźҸλ£ûʲôѧע⵽
Ϊڳѧ£Ժױҽѧϵѧ
º󣬳۲ѧǵɫ
һ۾ܿȺѧӳ˼ȵţഺ磬·̺޾
Ǻѧڷܣ߰ǫ鲢棬УרңѲŰǵĿĪںͱУרʱȴǾ֮ɫ
۲֮󣬳Ⱥ߲İʲô⣬žӦɰȻ֮
һȺŻҽѧδˣֻǳǵжҽȤѧҽ޼
һ̣ĲһСС뷨û̸жǿ̨
ĪѾ˵껰Уר½̨ѡλ¡
ֻ̨ʣһˣǾǵһҪݽء
ֻؼŵ⣬һȭȻһҽܺʼݽ




1849¡ƫ
 

ΪⳡݽѾ׼˺ܾãݽ屳ù죬Կڵʱ򵹲ڽͰ͡
ݽݣԼ⼸ܽҽѧĵãԽԽǼ顢š
Լҽѧоܹÿһλںѧ
Ȼӽ֮һʱݽԽԽˡ
ΪĿ̨ÿλڵı飬ޱ仯
Ļҽѧϵѧȫһ޶Եӡ
ȻȫΪⳡݽģûʲôмֵĶ
һ˲䣬صıֱӻˣ
׼ôõݽȻȫ򶯲˻Ľںѧǡ
ĲһɣֻԼü
ɫѾܼѪ޲Ҹضȥ
ԭԼΪҽѧˮƽڻǰʲôǣ
̨µĪڿ̲סҡҡͷ
ϵĳ档
ܶĵУרҽڣݽնش
ҵרһѧҽˮƽвУһݽͱ¶š
ݽϣＸû˹ƣҲζûлһ˿ء
ҽѧҲǽˮƽʵĵطпʵֻʧǵ̨
Ѿʼˡ
ߵʱ򣬳ٴļ
һ߲ѵ̧ͷ˳һۣЦҽҽŷĲʺоҽѧ
ݽòвٿȡֻ֮Щѧⲻ̣û΢΢һЦ
ĹâģҽǲڰοҰɣ
ֻʵʵ˵һЩ
ʱһߵĪ˵˵ǻݽҪȵһԼҽѧˮƽ˭̨ܻǵ㣬ſȥɡ
ûлӦһλУר̨ȥ׼ݽ
ظղݽʧܣڶλУרıøӽţĶ߬
רҵݽȣأӽӣ˷·һ㡣
Ȼ飬ݽҵѧһۡ
һΣȻûһѧ߽ڹơ
Уרһɫǳε̨ȥ
ڶУרңͺһݽʧܡ
ŵĸ̨һ⣬ǵݽûȼֳѧͽǵ飬ûлһ˿ء
ԱߵأԽԽǾ
ѵУͻѧô
ףΪʲôĪһʼ׼ǵ롣
ԭǲ̫Ҳǲ뽵ͻˮ׼
Ȼвʡ
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ѵͲֵһ
֮£ĪʵУǷе㲻ˣ
ʵĻȻءĪһ仰ƿԡ
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ĪǻѧȨļλҽѧר֮һ˵ûʵη
ʱһֱĬĳˣƫȻ޴ڡ
⻰ʲô˼Īüͷ
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Īڵɫһ¾ͱˣǻҽѧԺɲʽ壬˭ʵ˭ܻԾ߽ңûбֳˮƽ֮ǰǵѧɲУר㵱ʲôң̨ݽҲһҵѧǹƣϣһ£Ҫأ֤Լʵ
ⷬĪ˵ļʮѧ׷׽кá
ûз˶ΪһĪ˵ƿԡ
ʱѧǣѾе㲻ͷˡ
һѧͻȻվ˵ǲʲôҽѧۣʱ仹ͼԼѧϰĪڣݽɣ
ǣʲôҽѧĵãĻ𣿽ݽ˷ʱ䣡
ǲٿ˭̨˵ĵˣĪڣ˲̫а
ҽѧϵѧԼѧԺȨڶԸν첻µز¡
ĪϰˣͲѧݽ
صʮҽѧרҸɫѿ첻ǳɾһ죬ܳӡ
ҽѧרңȥܻܿԼҽѧˮƽɣӴһ겻
һ֮󣬳֪ǻɥȥ
̨ݽҽѧ뷨
¶ĺ󣬳վĪ˵һݽ
û⡣ĪϵĲ̨Լ
ɲóԼҽۣܹѧǡ
أҲǫ́ջ
ҽûõģǻ߰ɣ




1850¡
 

رͬ뷨ģʮȥݽʧܵУרҡ
Ϊʲô˽ҽжǰ£Ϊ̨ݽһ޷ûѧӵ
Ϊ̨֮󣬱̫ˡ
һ˵ľ׷󱻴ݻٵʱ򣬾ͻһ
֪ҽ񣬵̨ݽһ¡
ܲڽ̨ϸЩѧչʾԼҽж
ƾһ죬ûѧӻĪķڷ
ʮУר棬пڲźõģרΪݽдϰ
ᣬݽ϶ٵÿһݽûйǲŶԳġ
ɥĻֻǵһЦһԣô֪ܲܳɹأȲˣǰ99ַʧˣֻҪ˻һҾͲȡ
زûб仰򶯣ʵ̫ˡ
ҽЩѧͬڲˣôǲݽʲô취
ҪһԵġ̨ûл߳ܡ
ΪҪЩѧ֤Щʲô
صУרҲڴĿ£ͥɢϽ̨ɨȫѧһۡ
Һãƶʡҽ
һ仰˼򵥵ҽܡ
ϣ֣ǧѧûйơ
ȷʵΪȡ
ƶʡСҽȻǻѧˣ
ǳҽ˵ҽոձҵء
̨һ֮󣬳ڰʾѧǰ
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һȫһ󲻴СĻȻ
صе㲻ţѧҲ̫ˣ
ᣬѧܴһС
ʱѧȷʵԽԽҪ
ѧĸ߿೬һٷʱ֤˵̴ڲСĲࡣ
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ǺͳͣѧϰɼȴԶԶڳ
ɳѾԶܶҽѧרҶɹҽѧһĴ
ѧӻڹҽѧרҵһͨƳͻȻվǽҵĽ̨ϣҪԸһȵ̬ݽ⵱ȻΪƽ⡣
ʵѧǲ񣬳ܵĻӦλͬѧǿϻѧˣ۽ǧܱѧԶҪ졢ˣңҲԳҽһ
仰ǫ飬ʵȴֳĿ֮
ĪںڳѧǶˣǻ
Ǹʵѧһʱ䲻֪˵ʲôֻŵѻش⡣
ʱһѧվʣͬѧ˶ҽǶǴѧҺһͬѧӦòɣ
ѧ⣬ѳͬλóǱʶԼͬѧ̨ݽݽʱͻƲ㡣
΢΢һЦһ¾Ϳѧĵ뷨
㵱ȻԳƺΪͬѧ
Գ󷽵Ļشѧһ£һ˵ͬѧҲҽѧˮƽ紫ŵôߣϾ캣ѧҵģûѧʲô֪ʶϣݽ⣬ղЩУרǽԼҽѧĵãҵҪӦòְɣ
꣬ľЦ
ЩѧӣȷʵĪ˵ÿ仰ػ档
һ׼ݽˣ˿̺֪ܿܲλӦ
Ϊ󲿷ҽѧԺݽרҽڣ׼ݶҽѧĵйء
ѧϣҽѧĵã֮ǰ׼ýʲôǾͰװ׼ˡ
ѧ⡣
ĪĶãѧǲе̫ˣ
̨ҽѧĵãѧǷ
ȻǧѧǣȻĴӦ󣺡ҿԲҽѧĵãȫ֡
ãҾллͬѧҪĻѧȥ
Ҫ˵Щʲô
׼ݽͻȻע⵽ߵλһѧվ
ӻѧҽѧԺȫˣеѶȡ
ѧϣûκһ֡
ЩѧӣѧֻҪӦ
ƽ͵ĿǸѧԷʲôĵѡ
ֻһصŮѧųڽԴȲеܹѧʵס
ҽãҲһССҪ󡣡
Ůѧ˶Ҫ϶ܲ򵥡




1851¡
 

˵ֵ
Ůѧ촽Ȼ˹˵ԼҪ󣺡ҽҶ֪ѧҽģҽִҽѧ繫ΪҽѧѾʱ̭ҽҽжôõĻǾͲݽˣΪǽܵĶȽҽѧ֪ʶ
صУרһҽѧĵòܽҽҲǳҽ̨˵ʲô
Ⱥѧӣڹѳҽ
Īһ
ɲΪѧڵѳ
ǾѧҪ󶼺ܺ
ȳȷʵûнܹϵͳѧҽѧ
λŮѧ˵ûҽѾʱ̨̭ҽǸִ˵⽨ƶжôãʲô
ҽҵССҪ󣬲֪𲻴ӦŮѧ֮󣬵ͷߵͬѧ¶һЦ⡣
˶ãؿ϶֪ѶˣҸ̨ݽˡ
ǳһγϵĿڵУҴӦ㣬첻˵ҽ
ڳĽںѧ
ƶСҽȻô˵
ǴӦҪ󣬳ݽЩʲôأ
Ļѧӣ͵ų˵һͨʱ̨
ȴǲ˵λͬѧҪ𣿡
ңһѧվ
ص˿ʮ
ǶΪѧǰλѧҪ
ǣѧû˵ҽҲƶʡԴ¼֮Ҿ;Ϊұ˻ѧҽѧϵ
ѡܺá΢Цųһ䡣
һԭѧȻǳķ˿
ʵҲ֣Ͼڳǧѧѧҽġ
ǵ˰ѳżҲ
лѧӶĸ˭Ҳ
ѧĳ֣óеһ˿ο
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ƺ¡
ֻѧ˵ҽѧ֮󣬳ѧϰγ̣ѧҽ֪ʶΪ־ҵҪһΪһҽԽѧԽãҽȻʱ𣿾ѧٺãҽҲʱУΧͬѧȡЦѧҽ˷ʱ䣬ԼҲǵҽûǰ;ҵҲܺõĹҶҽҡˡ
˵λѧҪ޳д˿գԼ޴롣
ΧѧĿһҽĺӡ
꣬Ǹѧһʽ΢ЦȻº͵˵ݽ֪꣬Լξ񡣡
õģллҽѧʵֻվ˵ԼĿգΪǽ
ΪݽݣѾˡ
˶ܺ棬˵ʲô
صУרңѾڴܻڳѧӵ
ֻϣܹݽ̨꣬衣
һһ˲䣬Ժиֳһζο̹ġĥ
ܽҽѧĵáҽսݽԼõϡ
һλѧ˵ѧҽãһ˼󣬾Χѧʣһλشʽݽ
ѧһãʱ򣬺ܶͬѧʱԼɣΪʲôҪѧרҵרҵӵһõ𣿶ҽѧѰļרҵ֮һǵв˶δͷѧҽˣʱѧҽΪûδ
Դˣ˵
ڶݽ˵֣ͱһѧϣҽ˵òܽҽ𣿡
ģݣȫἰҽֻҽٸӰˡûΪ϶
˶٣ɫׯصļݽԴˣ˵ÿ˶޷ѧϰϵĵκδϵǱŹȥĵܴǱһ˵ĵʶˡӦΪѹȥĵδңѡͱ˵Ĳһڲͬ
ʱ޵ģҪ˷ڵ˵УκνԼ˶ڴͿ֮УƫĨȥĵõĶȰ֪ʶҵѧϰ빤ռеľ󲿷֣һжǶԵģܷĵĵõ㣬ܳɾͲ
һ˵λһ˫øڡ
ǧҽѧԺѧӣԭΪݽ˵Ǹãѧġ
ǲ֪䣬ǶĻȾˡ




1852¡ݽ
 

˵λֻᱻȺѧӵ洦ɼļ
ǳһ
ЩѧԳٲǺô˵ڹҽѧ¼
һʮꡢҽѧרҵˣż̭ҽߵֵزڹҽѧ紳ôȷʵǳס
ݽ˵벻˵ĿӰ졢ܽԼܳɾ
ŵǸãѧ˿ס˫ȭÿһ仰ӡԺ
غʮУרңͬȾˡ
ؾķ֣ǧѧݽʱһʼǲΪȻܿȴ˽ȥ
˵ݽĴǡ
ֻЩĻѧӣԸֳ
ĪɫƽԼһ㴥Ҳͽ˶ˡ
ҽи⣬һûҵԼĿأ
֮ˣǸղǸصŮѧ
óŮѧҲԼã
ϾŮѧҽԶԶкơ
ŮѧĶκڣԼרҵ
ŮѧһۣЦûҵǾͼңֹǰԥҪ˳Լĺֱ֪δ룬㲻һ˳׷֪һ˵־жǿ𣿡
˵仰ʱ򣬳Ժв뵽Լĥѣĵ˾Ԯ֮׹Ϊ˱֣ܽ߱һδδų־
־޿ɱļǿָԣκڽǮ顢õĻжܸеҸκ˶Եκ˶ΰ룬κڸĻ¶
־ģǵ㱻ʱҪܱǫѷҪ²¿ʼ
һһ䣬ٴ죬ڳѧԽԽıȾˡ
ղź޸оĪڣɵöԳĿ࿴
һͨѧܹݽ
ĪڲţݽˮƽȻ֮ߣÿһ仰̺ʵУûа٣򶯡Ⱦĵĵط
Ｄ̫֮Եøģÿ˶п־壬־ɱ롢־ɱϣ־ʹһ겻񣬿־ʹ˥ϡֹȥ飬Ҳľʡ
˵ø档
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Ļİ⿪Ľᡣ
ڳЩˣδɹɹңԶΪǹ鲻ã𴲣˭أ
ÿ㲻Լ룬ҲĿӺ£һ꣡û޲Լһ˲䣬㲻Լ˺˶١
ԣп㣬ǸĶԼУҪãҪɣҪȥȫԸޱ
Ȼıʱ򣬲ף׵Ļÿ˶ˣ𣿡
桢ȫԸԼߣңڵݻԼҪվҼԼøáӼǿ¶ģ
ҪģǽǹͣȫΣڵԼԼøãÿһ쵱һļó
ݽǧ˵·ƿأȫĺ·ÿ˶оԼϢһ㣬ΪĻʵ̫ˣ
ÿ֡ÿ仰ͬһǼشǵϣǵĿϣҪǵļҪμס
˼ʱݽһ䣬ӴӱΪˮǶҪÿ޲Լøãһδд£鲢Ҫ㷢ʲôҲûϵҪǣҪôȥ꿪ʼҾҪҸҽʵѾٽˣΪҼҿ
ҵݽ˽ллҡ
һ䣬һƬྲѻȸ
شӼлڳѧûһƣʱһҽݽ򶯲˻ѧӣЩѧԳҽƫȷʵܴ󣬲ܳѧǳѧҽûѧ޷Ҫء
ԭΪݽܣǲòпİƫ
ʮУרѪȴıʱͻȻ䣬ҺһĹ
žžž
Ǹãѧڹơ
ĹƣΧѧγѣǱݽȾʮּڻعȫþĹơ
Ǽ䣬ȫ׶
ǧҽѧϵѧˣĻҽѧǹˣԸ䡢ҽƫĪڣҲˣ




1853¡
 

ͨ򡢷ĵݽڳÿһλڡ
ܶ˶Ƥɲʲô£ݽʵڵġ
׹һλ˿ݽˮƽڣ̳㡣
ʷҲֹܶݽĵӡ
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ݽʷκһλʦÿһѧӡ˶Ϊ֮顣
һƬޱȵ֮Уһѧھĳ޵ҽ̫ˣ
͸Ŭ׷Լ룡
ǶҪҽѧϰ
ܻûѧĽںѧǷǳѵõ顣
صʮУרңݽԼгҽѧĵãȴȫ޷򶯻ѧӵġ
ȴˣ
˿̣ǧѧӶԳͶء
ܹΰݽˣܽ俴һͨƴѧ
κһѧվϽ̨޷ɫݽ
Īͬ˰֮ģų͡
ݽûзḻǷӲģֻһƪնļݽ塣
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ֻǳҪҽĪڿǧѡ
òϢӣȳ΢ֺ̧˲ֹͣơ
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꣬΢΢һЦص㲻ҵݽҲںֻϣͨݽøλҽƫҽ˼ѵʱҶ߸ҽĵ·ΪҽǻĵĹ屦βͬУ
һ̣ʽ룡
лѧĽںѧӣ븴ҽУôԽԽӽʵˡ
ҽԸ⸨ҽֻҪҵˮƽǸѧҽѧֵ̾
ҲԸ⣡
ң
һ˾֡˾֡˾֡ԽԽ˾Լֱۣ֤Լľġ
ĪԭȰ裬ϾȰѧѧҽܻܿẦѧһӡ
һ£ԼʲôȨѧǵľأ
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ݽ֮ĪĲţ漣ôǴ漣Ǹˡ
ǣŵЦ⣬һλλѧ֡
ĪûзԣͬһŵĽڣҲʼˡ
صʮУרңǰ־ٵϸߣ³
οЦˡ
˿Ժиֳһ仰Ҳ
ڹڣ븴ҽضǳ
ǰ֧˲֧֮࣬߶鷢ʱ䣡
ѧĽںѧǶ֧֣Ըҽġ
ô໪Уһûо֣ǾĪڡ
ĪڣϵʵĪڣ֧𣿡
Īһʱ䲻֪òôӦ
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ӦǾͼ൱ڻѧҽѧԺֳ֧ҽ
ʱضԡ顢ɵ
ûѧҽѧԺȫҽѧѹ졢泱УĪھѧԱ˾޴ѹ
ǿǼ;Ŀ⣬ڵѪҺֹסڡ
Ӧûҽѧδһѣܹ漣ϣ
ҽҿ֧㸴ҽĪո˽Ĵ𰸡
Ī˵⡣
Ѫ־ݽܹȼ˵ļ飬ĪѾѪͣ˼Ҳġ
Īڣʲô˵
ҵܼ򵥣ǻѧҽѧԺƹҽҲҪóĶܲ˽ҪĶҽڸԸѧǡĪ֣ص˵
ֵˡ
аҽУ˫Ȼȫóڡ
˽ģҪӳֵĶɽ룬ЩѧҲѧᰡ
ѶɽĻ汾ʮһûѧѧѧҽľ衣
֮󣬳Ǹȫķ
Ȼѧѧ˶ɽ룬ͲΥĪڵҪ
ĪڣҴӦ㣬һὫѧҽ衢Լڸѧ
˻һֳһƬڡ
ڴʵҲѧ𣿡
ȻԡԥĴӦ
ʮУרңҲ




1854¡
 

Ƚ˷ܾȥ֮󣬳Դ˵׼;ҽԺԺϣٿһιҽѧᣬϣҽλͬһֹ̽ҽѧδԼҽļƻʱϣҶܹμӡ
ҽһȥģѧǷ׷׺Ӧ
ĵͷ
촽˶Ļû˵
ڱιҽѧĳЩ飬ʺϸЩѧ˵
ǳĪڡ
֪л˵Īڣվǧѧ˵ܸлҽʮλУΪݽǣ
һҵ
ۼҪ߳ңѧ¶Ŀ⡣
ҽҪ뿪ѧУ𣿡
־ͬߣһֺηλͬѧúѧϰɣڴǼ븴ҽĶ֮С
ãǧѧӦ
ʵǵУҲһЩûΪݽıͷѧҽѡȹһ¡
ǲΣǶҽȤ
ǳһʼĿģڻҽѧԺѧһӣܲѿͿÿ˵컯ˡ
ҽ롣
ĪںܿĽ롣
һȺæϡ
óֻʱ䣬ٻһڿҪϣ˱ȻصĪڵİ칫ҡ
֮ĪʵҽҪٿҽѧᣬԷڣҵǵĵһ㡣
ԾҽԺƺͻϵĸҽѧضܹ˳ٿԴ˵ǲεġ
Ī΢΢ͷټǻҽѧԺȷʵ뵽ҽѧ󲿷ݵλǰҵĵĵڶǣЩǰָ֧ҽϾôˣҽԽԽû䣬Ʋʲô˻
ҪΪź˵ţ˶֮󣬲ſʼĪԼڳĻҽѧڣ˵ԼĹǣڻи˴ͬ£ǴŸҽţٿҽѧᣬҽѧΪı
˭Īںʵ
ڳ˳ͻ֮⣬˭Ǹٿҽѧ᣿
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ĶӣĪΪ졣
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ҽǻ飿Ī̲סָ߿˳һۡ
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Լͨƣȴöѧȷʵ˸оܲ˼顣
Ҳ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
΢ЦҺòûѪԵϵǵֽ١
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Ŷ𣿡ԣЦŨ
ϵٻڻѧû뵽Īͨĸڣ֪á
Ծɫ˫̥ûѧУĵһ죬䶯ܶĵʦʦ㣬ӭֳΧۡ
˱רҵǼѧ֮󣬻ѧӾ档
ԭΪ˫̥СŮ񳤵ôƯôãĿ϶ʲôרҵ赸רҵ
û뵽ȫơ
ر٣ѧֱѧĴˡ
Ϊѵרҵѧռѧơ
о仰˵úãѧϰѧʱ֮Ĳ࣬ʱ֮Ĳ໹
˶֪ܽרҵѧʲôز
ǵãδĪٲͨ飬ҲİپͶڻѧڼ䣬һҪúùǡ
ҽϲôŻã˵̵ǵĽڣǵѧϰ޲ڡ
ǺǣģͱǱܶˣҶĽܿϻ塣һ䣬ȻȥĪڣÿ¿ˣȥǣǻͷġ
õģû⡣ĪںרȫĿͳ뿪칫ҡ
У֮ϣܿڵĽѧ¥
ʱ¿ε𣬳ϵȴ˫̥û




1855¡ٵרҵ
 

һഺ硢лĴѧӽ˭Ҳûע⵽֧˿羰ĳ
һһ궯ӳ
ֻһȺѧΧƷŮߣҵʲô顣
ƷŮȻ١
ѧʹѧʱڣһΪ궯ʱ
ǺܶϳСеʱѧϰѹ󣬾ͬѧ˼ҲֻѹסԼĸ顣
ѧͲһˣ֮󣬺ܶȥ׷ԼҪĶ
ٶǹɫŮȻܶͬѧ׷
ȻΧٵĲֹкܶ׽Ůͬѧ
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ˣ׽ˣԼø
Ȼ涼ǹ䣬ЩͬѧҲþǧ֮⡣
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Ҿر˧ˣٿ˼ɫõŶһ˧绨
Ȼһ̣Ǹ޷ŵ鷢ˡ
ֻټ֮󣬴һ룬ԷɱȻſ˫ֽס

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ֻƷֱһٵͷСӣһղﰡ
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ͬѧٶԳĳƺһ
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ԭֻãǾûʲôˡ
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е㲻˼Ļش磬㲻ҪѡרҵŶѡϣδ缼ﵽδʱܴϻȡõϢǿĵ˾͸Ӧˡ
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ϾǸѧϰǿţ֪δɳΪôһλأ
Գ뷨ûдпʵֵġ
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ѧУȻܽ˵ڿ͡
ƤѧУļγֻ̣ǸҴҿԼѧ
˵ҲǡЦЦֿ٣٣Ϊʲôѡѧôѧרҵ
緽㣬Ҿʹռϰ㿩仰νﲻˡ
һ΢΢һ㵡
٣úܰȻͨѧ̽ռأţٺͰ˹̹顣
һ˵׺ߵ̲סһ졣
ǹ˵ҵȻܺţ١˹̹λȼҾϻкܶûб򣬱׹ÿƼ쳬սʿȵȣܹͨѧ̽еĹ˵ԳһСء
ҾڴǵСгһնѧռأ仰ǵ٩
Ҫ飬ɱ̫ˡ
Թŵ뷨ڲͬ׵ģͨ˸޷⡣
Щᣬͨһɲ˵顣
ʷΰĿѧţ٣д졢йףʮ֮ǰɡ
˹̹ʱ26ꡣ
󲿷ֻŵĿѧңҲڲʮʱͻΰɾ͡
Գ٣δһнпܡ




1856¡
 

ʱ򣬳ķԼһ뷨
˫̥û֮ǰа񡱵ҪҪʱժȡĽ
˫޵ĻΪ϶аġ
ðɹõ˫֮ٴûĻаҽеĶ˫Ǿܳܵסˡ
ں֪аҽ˫أԽŮ˫ޣЧԽãЧܺõֵز
ߵգ˼ɫֻҪܹܵסаҽ˫ΪԶȰɹõ˫
ǳֲ֮ѧϰ֪ʶʱľ
ȥʱ򣬳ֻ΢аҽĵ֮Се԰ˡ
ǡޡʳ֪ζĻҲûѧϰ˼
˳վȹʱ˵Ƴκۡ
磬Ǵأʱʳһ֪⡣
ҲڴĿ⿴ų
ҿܴ˶ãʱ䣬пյĻ϶ǡųЦݻش
ûһǲᣬҲ׼ھǴܾá
磬òһˣͶһhɣûϵġٷǳ¡
ҽԼڳĿеĵλͷhȡ
һԽû֮ĸˡ
پڳĻУã£һ㶼ΥͣΧ·ԶԶΧ۵ѧޱȡ

ڳٵʱڰ칫Īڣӵ˴ĵ绰
ĪãǺʢŵĶ³ģ׼Ϲҽѧרҽǣٿһҽѧᣬϣ㵱δˣͷ԰⣬֪Īڡ
δ˵꣬ͱĪڴϣûȤɡ
ĪڣҿԸ㿪һǧĳͣѵĲһ𣿡û뵽Īڻôϵľܾ
϶Լһ仰ûֱӿۣϼһﲻˡ
ĪһΪҲ֪ͨҽѧᣬΪļ𣿳ҽͽ˵ˣҸ㣬ǾԲܽģ㿪һڶûã
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òˤֻ
ĪΪ˸䣬飬˵ȫ⡣
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֪;ҽԺϵܺãûд뻪ˡ
ĪǻѧҽѧԺĴĪһҲȻѲ
ѡûˣ԰һᣬЦĪڣ㲻Ӧҵ룬ԺڿɲһνǮʹĥһ治һڳȥ벻һҽѧڣ
һ룬绰Żҽѧڵһȥ
һСʱ󣬺У԰ɢĳͻȻӵĪڷϢ
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ҽˣ˵Īһæк
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ǼҽѧڴӦǵɡ
Ҷǧҹȥ˭ܲģ
ǵ˵ûϵģĪڣȥɣǿĿͻˡ
֪ôҽҿСӲֹҪô򵥡Īڵһ˿ġ
΢΢һЦкĹڣٿҽѧᣬһΪĲΪ˶Ըңһɽԯս޿֣Ϊû취ֻϧԯսҲĪڣİɣǰǵļƻճҽѧǰԪϣǲμҽѧᣬڼзãеⳡ׼һûϰţʱͶɡ
ʱ乻𣿡Īû뵽˵ɾ͸ɣȻֱӶʱ䡣
ȷĻشʱԹЩΪҽѧ׵ˣһڵʱ䣬Ҳϲǣģɻִﾩǣʱ´࣬²˳٣ھȥϵϡ




1857¡ʮ
 

õģҾʹ绰ҽѧ缸λѡĪھó˵úеΪҽѧһģ·ס޷ѶԼ
ֻǳںٿҽѧķã˽ȫöеˡ
Īڵ󣬳뿪ѧҽԺ
֪ҪĻѣѾϵĹżĸҽӭӳ
֮󣬳ɫƺʲô鷳
ϣôˣ
ҽ˵׼ٿҽѧ֮⼸׼ҪǺǰʶҽϵμᡣ
˵ʵܺðĪǵʱʲô⣿
󲿷ѣʾԼԸμҽѧᣬһصѣȴȫԸ⣬ҶԴ˻ǳŭϾҡѵɫеɬ
Ѿ棬ָоܲܡ
ԣüһӦμǵɣǻ㣬Ϊʲô
֪ҽû˵ҽңûش𣬵Ƿʳ⡣
죺˵Ҳ֪ģ˵ǻʮҽңĴҽɡ
ڲ֮ǰı֮ܽ·ϣ֮һҽɰٲš
Ҳ˵֪ԭĻйҽĴڡ
ֻѡӱΪ֪
شֵ֮Ѳˡ
ʮҡĴɣѷ·ʲôҹ̷Ƶģҽλѿû˵ЩԭĹҽôɵĴ𣿡
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УҾȥʶλ÷ҽʲô߼
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÷ҽһƳһ۳Ȼ˵˵ϻҽѧˮƽõŰһΪʦҽô
ҲǸ˵ҽǹҽִˣùʮѵĻ˰εЦ
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÷ҽͻȻɫ΢΢һת䣺˵СӣѧʮΪҽ˫Ҹ㣬ʮֻǻĹеһ֣÷ҵļҴʮ룬Ͳȹʮ
Ŷ𣿡ûΪ÷ҽ˵öˬνʮ빴һ˿Ȥô˵ǹҽʮҡĴɶԼĶˣ
Ȼ֪ʮҡĴɣ㾮֮ܡ
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Ȼùʮ룬֪ҽҺɣҲûʲô˲ġ
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ʮ룬ȷʵô
ǹһȡ
ӵݷľɽ롱ȻϹʮ롣
÷ҽֻ˵ԼļҴʮ룬ȹʮҲǰ˼϶Զɽ롣
ǫ֮󣬳ʳ֪⣺÷ϣһ£ҾٰҽѧᣬܾμҲˣΪʲôҪǾ滪ϣǺ⣿
Сӣ֪һҽǧ꣬£÷ҽ˵ŭͷŭͻȻ˫ŭִὫҽ֮˵ҽһƭȻˣΪʲôҪҽ޴޿ɾҩǹҽҺӱԭ򣡡
ɲǽĺ÷ǿˡ
ԭ÷ҽǷ֮ˣΪҽû䣬ִʧѡҽҺҲһҽ˥䡣
˵÷ҽЦһСӣΪǰûΪҽŬ𣿡




1858¡ҳ
 

ϸͣҲ߶ҽĶڴҽ˵ҽǷ⽨ţǵһյõУʮҽҺĴɣԼ׳ɴӴ˲ٳǰ
СӣԼѧʮ룬ʸҽɣûõģһУտ϶ù
÷ҽߵ˵ֺ꣬һڲˮ﷢๾
ҡҡͷҽ£ûȥҽֻǹҽҺǻҽĴߣҳеʹѡӱܣʧ
Сӣ˵ʲô÷ҽһòԼҭˡ
æԲ÷ˣôȰ˵Ҷѡֳ֧ҽ
ⲻֵ֧֧顣÷ҽվסС븴ҽѹŴ¶ǰõĽٺһʱֵĻǾʮҺĴΪУ
ΪˣԽԽǿЦ÷ǵ֧֣ͣǷ׵˼㡣
ִҽİֺô
ԲŻѹʮ봫ȥôߡ
Сӣ˵书ܸߣϧ㲻֪ǹҽҺɱʲôȻһ˵Ϊ֮÷ҽ˵仰һõĲˮˣȻȥ
ߣͣ
ûлͷ÷ҽһۡ
֮£ҲԼѳȥˣǼᶨվڳߡ
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ҽҺɱйŵɽԤϵ顣
ҽɰٲŵĿɽšڡ
ڹѧԺ̵ѧտɿɣڷ
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ȥ֪ͨ飬ֱ׵ġ
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ΪҽһҶٿ϶᲻Զǧǰǲμҽѧᡣ
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˶вٹעġ
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ͨԯսĵ绰
Ƶ15¥ԱڽܹĵĲҽѧ᳡
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Ϊ˼ӿȣѺĪֳල
ҽѧԪȻƽʱûٽΪĹϵ˳µĽύһʡ
ϣδˣҽ뵱ҿɡĪϲͷˡ
ǿǵѺĪڵ¸أˣô󲿷ǰλķڷ
ѺЦƴǵĪڣǻѧѧˣڲſ϶Ϲͷõöˣ˰ɡ
Īǫһ£ͻȻ֮䣬᳡ⴳʮڵꡣ
ʮĿˣһͲƲ硣
ʲôˣʲô£Īüͷʵ
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кβңͷЦһֺĵҾ˵˰ɣǡս񡯵Ĳ£ȨһΥ¼ùԱҽѧĺͲò
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㿴ҸҲң
ͷ˵žһ˻һض⣡




1859¡ֶ
 

Ѱһض⣬˲ףѪͷת
´̫ˣ
㡢ǾȻҴˣĪھŭӵָŴͷȻסѣϣô
ҡҪ˵һʱʹļⶼڲ
һ¸ص˴ͷȴһ֮ĶûУɷĵôˣǸҲȡҽѧĻɲǰһô򵥣
Щûһ֪ԯսĲ¾𣿡Īû̲סʹ
ͷЦ̸ʣȻϲǾ͹һȥ
仰˵꣬ʮһӣҲ𣡡
ǣ
ʮ뺷꣬᳡Ҫôֱֶνһвò
ĪŭĵĽеס֣
ˣҹԶ㣡ͷұһɨĪںͻһ
ͷ̫ˣĪںͻվվȣƳüԶȻһƨˤڵϣʹûǼܷ·Ҫɢһ㡣
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Ȼͷ֪ͨ
ԯսЩȻʮţһǻ֪ԼＸġ
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Īڷߺ޵ĿŴͷ꣬ԻⱨӦģ
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ǵп˻֪ͨǶʮͬѵ㣡
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ԯսֻɳ³Լܻܿĳħѵ
һ֮ȡ˴绰ֽԯսĸصͷ
Ƿֽˣԯսĸѵ߻ܣʵĻֽΪѡ
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ھԯսһԯսĹˣͲԯսӲ
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ҾƵʱԯսʮ£ѾصľƵ׷
翪˼ƿƷƣŸʮ칦
лλΪҳͷСܾһ
ƱͷҡҡͷǵģܺȾƣԼȰɡ
һɫΣܿסˣָȻЦ˵ǲ˼С˸λ粻ܺȾƣҡҡ
ûʲôҲһ⡣ͷһ䡣
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ԯսڼμħѵֱξƲմҲܳ顣
ʮˣлᱻѡսǱԭսӣ˭Ҳ˽Υԯսһھƣ൱ڻٵԼǰ̡




1860¡յĴ
 

ڴʮ궼ûʲô˵ġ
Ϊ֪ˣֻǱԯսõһûüֵӵ
ֻΪԯս£Ϊ£ڻ˵һ£Ҫ뿪Ƶꡣ
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ͷһע֮ݲ࣬ϴǿɲ˷ʱһϡ
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ܺãúܲǵҽѧԲҾ͸Ǽӽ𡣡ĵͷ
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˵ǧȷ٣λǻ֮ˣһ£֪Ҳ̳ҽƭӣ踴ҽٰ֮ҽѧᣬйزȭֱȡ˳ҽѧᣡ
ڳҽѧרң˿̶еԼûӦǱߵ롣
ҽ޻̸֮ٷôܻ֧֣
ǴۺҪϹҽѧ磬ùҽѧĿʵڡ
˵˵ϢϯһЩרԸµмѱǱˣȻҽѧѾȡҾͰǼμӴܵҽѧᡣ
ãȻ
ڶҽѧר̸ʱͻȻ֮䣬һɱɱϢƵ
пһ£תȥֻſڣɫվ
¡ҽҿɲǵ㰡һ󣬴򶨵ʵ
ʻڳҽѧרȫȥ
ı֮ǲķ
˭óǹµġ
߽Ŀ䶢סʵҵĻ᳡ңԯս˸ɵģ԰ɣ
Ǻǣҽ˵ʲôҴõŸ𣿡ǿһ˿Ц⡣
ģȴԽԽηˡ
ͬʱְסֻʱҪԯս绰
ڳҽѧר˵ֻǳҽ
Դ˵˳ҽ⣬ǿаۣԼûкµȫѾܲˡ




1861¡ʢ
 

ֲסֻС˿۾
һϻգ֮䣬ӵǰһѾס
˲䣬һľţҽҪʲô
ҽѧרǣҲȫ¶֮ɫ
ôҽһԲϾҪ֣
ѵ˵Ը߰ĿˣЩרҲžܾμҽѧ᣿
ɲЩҽѧרһ᲻ᣬס۾ﺮʵһ飬һ᳡ǲ⣿
⡭ҸղŲǻشҴܻ顣ǲϡ
ԯսվţԲҸӲӲ
˵Ҳ˵ʲôˣһһָڴϵĳҪѨλϡ
ʹ÷ɱĲҽС
õѨĥ˵ֶΣµĿ̣ס
һѨλͳܲסʹŤ
ڳҽѧרҼ״ɫ֣ҽǿ£ҽѧδôֲܽб֮ˣ
֪Щҽѧרʲô⣬ɿڴѨλϵָڿ˵ô
ҡҽҽѧΥ涨ԯӳĲȥǰߵİôֵܹͷأֱһ̣ǲҳϡ
ԼһϣᵱҪ
ҹĨǣֱ˵ɣԯսĲҳˣǲǣʻ䣬˫˸ŵ㺮ǣô
ǣ
ŵֱӻش
£ڳҽѧרȫɫ
ԭҰֶȡҽѧᣬֲó
׿ڳϣ˵Ѿ㹻
Ϊܿ컪ѺĪڱ˴˵ţͻᴫҽѧ硣
ֻҪЩҽѧרҲɵӣ͸ÿʲô
ܺãȻ˴˻ϺĪڣǾ͸ӦĴ۰ɡ˵ţһŽ߷ڵء
һź飬ڵľ֪߶϶١
Ȼ濴һžô˷ˡ
оԼľ֮£ֵ̿ʵ㡢ôˣ
ֻССͽ䣬㲻˵ԯսղ㣬ҶҪ𣡡ְԵء
Լˣߺ޵ЩѪ˫ĿĵųеҰҷˣҸ㣬군ˣԯӳ϶㲻ú
Ҿԯս绰ɡһҲв
뿴ֵֵԯսϵ
˿̴ѳ޵˹޲˺˳֪ԼϣüֶѾûˡ
ֻĴɽԯսγ˵ԯսָ糣
ǴҧóֻҪԯսĵ绰
մֻͨѶ¼Ϳ߽һˡ
˵ĳ֣ô·𿴵һ㣬е־磬ң
־֣תȥֻſվһͦΡĸꡣ
꣬ԯսʮеĴͷߡ
ڳǰһӣ־һҲ⡣
ΪϵƵѰصظ˻
Ѵˣ־߽һʮְʵ
ԯսĲ£
ֱֻǹʣֱͨҪöࡣ
϶Ϊԯսħѵԭһֱ䣬ɱء
Ȼ֪ԯӳĲ£͸ʶԼ˶ôص־ÿһ仰Ǽȵʢˡ
һɵЦҵĻ᳡Īںͻϣڻ˵ҷǿǰԵ簡
ߣΪԯӳĲ£ȨһΥ¼ΥٰҽѧᣬִǶӳˣˣ־仰·һ㡣
־Գ£ǳţȼϣ
ԯսһСС£Գ̬ȣ˵־ʵ϶ǳߡ
ԯս书ѹ
뵽뿴־ĳ档
־磬Ϊұ𣡡
𼱡־Ƴ۴֪˶Ƕӳ˵Ѿûˡ
ȥǶӳǰǶӳܲһɣߣ
ߺȰĻûмŭ
෴Ͳ־ȥԯս
ȷʵüһԯսˣһֱҪսô
˵ţǹһĨЦ
ҹȥ·
һ䣬ͻȻͬչᣬǼ־ǰ
־û뵽ٶȿ⧲֮£ֻܵƾܾ˫۸񵲡
Ȼû˫ֹҽϥǶ־Сϡ
һһ־ͱϥǶɳȥ˲ܣ




1862¡׻
 

һǹؽڼ־ӹϺ״ɳȥײڲűߣˤڵϺ³һڻˮ
һ£ûһ־
־ûˣֻǱúܡ
Ȼ־ûܶصˣӳϿܴһҽѧרҵ̫ˡ
ԯսٷ޵Уšս񡱣ĲԳţû뵽һжӲס
񾭱
˵еаۣʵȻֲܿ
ڴ֮ʱߵ־ǰһһ־
·֣־ķ
˿̣ǿ־֮ɫ
ʵ֪Լʵͳڲࡣ
֮Ըһ˷ҳΪԯսķԸ
־Ÿ󣬾ԯսĻϧðΣգڳǰš
֮࣬ҲһЩңû֡
־ΪԼĶˣ
Լݣ޷죬ǲɱ
Ȼһ֮Ҳˣǿվڵϣ˳һۺתȥʵʵĸ·
һˣʲôУ־߳Ƶ꣬־ȥԯս
һ·ϣһ仰û˵
־ųʱʱºӾӹһĨ䡣
ǿ⣬·˼顣
Ӵ㿪һСʱ󣬲ڽĳƬשߵϽȺ֮ǰͣ
־³򿪳ţʵԯսڻأֵط
㲻𣿡־ʵ
־˵ıһݾ裬治ɫ˵Ǿʹ·ɡ
־Ҳ˵ʲôĬĬȺȥ
־߹һǽԺԽߣԽշǳѹ֣ĸоƬȺͬҹһͷݷͻѹȸзǳǿ
һͨ˸־˿̵϶ţսսʧݡ
ȻǳΪûܵΧʲôǿϢݷš
ԯսû㹻ĸֻ֣Ļκβ
Ժ˴Լ֮־һɫظкǿĴԺͣ
ͣ½Ų̧ͷһֻԺǰһҸ߸߹
λεĽɫ֣׻á
׻ãԼԼʲôط֡
ʲôط
ȥ֪ˣ־ޱվһԡ
֮ԳĿ־֮ģѾʧ١
־Уĵʮ㡣
ʲôԭ־ɱе
֮£˸Ӧ֪׻á˲٣ĸֻһ
פԭأȥ־Դмĵôаۣߵﲻҽȥ𣿡
ûҳȥĵط
Ƴ־һۺ󣬳š߽ɭϵĴá
߽ȥ־һڴȻĿЦ
ԯӳǰѳԸú׼˵׻ãˡ
ţ־Ÿ˽ȥ
̤롰׻áۿȥֻ֮ڷ̫ʦΡ
̫ʦϣžװȷǷˣںȲ衣
Угʶֽ
ĸˣÿ˵ȶֽĸ˵ֽƽƽ
ߣֱվʮ꣬ʮȫԯսĲ¡
ʮͳ־һۣÿϵЦ
ֽĵһӦеЦζ
ȻܲԾ
΢΢üͷҪֽô£ʱ̫ʦεǸˣŭӳʲôˣô׻ã
˵ʻҲһŭɫס
ĸţһͨ˿϶Ầµõ¹
ϧǵƶԳ˵ͬ衣
ûش˵⣬Ȼʵԯսأң
󵨣̫ʦεˣһη֣ŭɫ֣һССƽ񣬴صذ׻ãֱսȫõ
صأȤˡ̲סЦ
Լʲôط׻ˡ
Ǿڡˮ䰴
ˮ䰴һ½дֳ׻ãܵϳ͡
׻ڹŴɭصأ𲻹ûʸ룬󴳣һٴ壬߽
˵׻áǻĹŴȨ֮ء
ֻǳû뵽ȻҲС׻áֻصλ
ȤﵱʲôطˣжһеŭѾѹֲס
ὫϢŭͳ˵ɡԽԽţֽӲͷƤԲ




1863¡ʸ
 

еὫֽ˵Ļᡣ
תͷֽһۣζĵֽԭλ˵ĳܺãȻ紫ԣһ֪ߵغĿ֮ͽ
ֽЩΣΪὫ仰̵ζ̫ˡ
֮ǰֹһƽǰʢ޳ӢţǻĶ
ὫȴЩΪ⡣
ΪõĻĶԯս
ٷȫλƳԯսЩϽҪѡֱӾͼԯսϵ
ֻֽ㣬ԯսΪ׵ǿϵ֮⡣
Ϊʲôֽ׻ã¶ЦΪһѹλϽ
ֽ˵֮ὫֿƱ˵ʵ֪׻жأ
ϻԯսңӦ׻һǿϢĳλУؾԯս
仰λϽɫ׳
ӣʵ̫Ŀˣ
Ὣٴصη֣ȵҹ£
ҹ£ԭƽͣὫ˻һǹɿаƶȻλϽ־ļɵ
Ʊ̫ˡ
λ׻ãѹסа֮
ὫþɳܿһȻһٿǺãǾͰԯӳ
һ䣬õһš
֨ѽһ˴򿪣Ȼ߳һۻˡ
˵ĳ־ʮһͬĵͷʺԯӳã
΢΢ͷȻߵὫǰ
־æ˰һ̫ʦΡ
ºɫȻųһɲ˵аۣڼˡ
ԯս֮ʣΪ˵ĵһۣ;˺ʹеԯսܿܲһˡ
Ϊ˿ȥʮˣԯսǺˣôôϣ
Ҿսԯսǹ𼫶ŵЦ⡣
Ὣ־ǵɫȫǳȻȻǶ˵ԯս
ֹֻֽʲôû˵
ֽ΢ı飬ĵɻˡ
˾ԯսôٷȫƳսʵԤеĲеԶ
ڣԭһĵˮƽٷΪĵһˣʵȴͶ孵һֲ࣬ô׹ٷսӴ
ʵϳĻɻĺ׼
ǰˣȷʵԯսάܾɳڱļߺ
һУҪӳǵĵһҹ˵
ϣھƵ귿ʱӦƵ긽ǿϢ
һǺġ
׼¦ָɱ
ȴڶǿϢֹˡ
ڶϢǱˣԯս
ԯսֹ֣ɺܼ򵥣ֻһܡ
ͳ֣Ȳ˵ʤ㼸Σѳˣԯս˵ĳʸĶ֣ʤ֮䡣
ԯսѡٷսӸֵ壬ٺӡ
Ȼǽ췢顣
ʵԯսֻ־ʮ£ȥṩ
֪־ҳĻ᳡ԼĪڡ顣
־ɴھĳܻԯս
ԯս֪ûй־־һֵĻᣬ־ȥҳ
־ðΣգƳ뼤ŭ⣬óڷŭʹ£󴳾صذ׻ãøһش
ԯսһ
ԯսǳţΪƾ󴳰׻͹ĳʵʵĽܳͷԳֻú
ԯսµĵڶӡ
Ϊô˵ʵҲˣԯս
ڳģѺе顣
Ϊļߣʮʲô֣ƶѹԷ
ǵһαѹһֱĸо
ɵðңϣûóȻסھƵĳ֡
󵨳ӳ£ȴҵĲ£ô׻ãһȣƾǹʮΣԯսķԸа֮ϣҿһ棬ֻΡ
ҳٸһսҵĻᣡ
˵ס
ȻһƳ
ֻһۣúɢΡ
ԯսĲ´ѣһ᳡㻹ҪҶЦƾ㣬ʸ񣡡




1864¡Ц
 

Ҳʸ񣿡һЦȻһԵֽֽ鷳£׻ʲôطҾʸ񣡡
ʣҪΪֽ
λϽȣʵ϶뿴ֽλα̬
ֽΪѣȻܵλϽͼԯս棬ȫά
ҲȫԯսһϷ֣Ӻ
ʵҲǽӵԯս׻֮󣬲֪ԯսľ֡
ԯսźλϽѹóòܳͷؽ
Ǳԭʤ󣬾Ϳ۷֮ʱͳһռսǿš
ˣԯսĵģÿǳʲô⣬ҲÿҲ⡣
ĿЦһֽѵ͵׻ԯӳ裬۾£ԯӳĲ£ûеõý룬һ̹٣ûԽʸ񡭡
ԭ׻ãǸԯսԵĵطһ¾ˡ
һʼ;ִа׻ֻصλǳ졣
ԭԯսġ
ֽİʾԣԯսȨƼ󣬲־صء
׻õļߵֽ㶼룬˵ǻȨ֮ء
ֻֽ˵ó׻ߣԯӳ¿ԵУ߽оԯӳְȨ
𣿱ӳȨκδ׻֮ˣȵ
ȻѺĻɶ߷磬⡣
ԯսһֺ̣ԻȨѹֻϧһס
ƶ֮󶼸Ҷôⴳ׻飿
£ὫĻθ֣ŭȵ
£
λϽ뿪ںȳ⣬ѹֽоģԳܡ
˿ֻϣܶסϵȨѹȡ
ڴڵĸѹսʱƱȵа۳ӳ㲻
־ʮ꣬ٴЦ
ڻģʵǿǿùȨƣ
ʲôаۣ˰׻ãҲù
ֻǳĬվԭأɺλϽѹȣ޶ԡ
ͻȻ䣬ҡҡͷһЦ
˵ʲô˫ü
˵ʲôԯս׻ãܿЦ˵䣬ڵȼת
Ȼоһɱ⣬ֱǡ
ΣգȵΣգ
Ʋסĵľ壬վ
ټΣʱһӦ̬
˺סˣ
λϽҲŭӵվ
ǰ׻ãҷ˲ɣὫŭŵʵ
ҳڻģѣʲôģӺ̸𣿡ǹаȶϷʵЦݡ
㡢Ϊʲô
ȻĺܲԸϣὫ֪Լˡ
ڵĳһͷʱпܱʷǰޣλϽ˲û˵
ֻΪĪڡָ֮У
ٴҡҡͷʧĿλϽһۡ
λϽԯսǷǶԴˡ
ҲûҪٰʲô׻õһ¡
ҳˣжг𱨳νԩͷծ˭ҵĻ᳡Īںͻϣվ
᳡ҵģôˣ
ԯսļ̽
棬ǲҶԳ˵ڰ׻ǾԼӡ
׻þ൱ԯսǵһ
תʮŵꡣ
δ˵־ЦͷҶִģôǰ׻ãԯӳĲ£Ҷһëԣ
ǺǣΪ治𣿡
Ϲŷ·Ҫɱ˵Ц⣬־ȥ
󵨳ֹǰ׻ãὫŭȡ
Ĳţڰ׻ﶯ֡
ۿҪ־ǳ֣ҶĻţὫֹ
ɫѿվԭأûκλӦ
˫ȭŬ˷ųľ޴ѹȸС
Ϊʲôһֱûгֵԭ
ûһְգֻܽԭء
Ѿߵ־ǰ
ģ԰ɣ仰ͨһ΢С¡
־ͷ­ҴģӸҵ
أ
ͻȻ䣬ﱬһѪ
֮£һ๾
ͷһֻһŴѪͷ­λϽǰ
ͷ­ˣǱˣ־
ֱӿ־Դ
Ѫȣȫأ
˻͵͵
һĻѴ˶סˡ
ὫλϽϵı飬һٱ䣬
һŭ֮£նɱԯսĵ־Ѫ׻ã




1865¡
 

ӰˡὫŭ˵仰ÿһֶڲ
û뵽ڰ׻ﶯֱ֣ɱ֣
Ȼǵ棬ԯսĵ־ɱˣ
λϽӴ칬ԻҪ
ʵ̫޷ˣ
ڰ׻ɱˣ˲ɣ
Ὣһָָųŭȵ
Ȼֻ˼ҳ˾ѪѪһ֣ұʮ
ӣԻ⵽ƲãὫҲֻŭ⣬֪Լʵκβ˳
ڰ׻ﶯɱˣλϽηС
ΪǶԹٷսΪһˡ
Ĺٷȫּܹ׵ɱһΡ
˵ٷƳԯս֡
ὫּĴǳԯսսԲڳ֮¡
Գɱ־ٷһƲóɡ
ֻǳɱĵһ̣ͿǵԼеʲô
ǲ⣡
ԯսŭֻ֣֮֮ˡ
־һͲԯս̵ס
ǰԯսķӦͿǼٵˡ
һҶԯսӦòų
Ӧɨһֻȭͷյ죬ͿƲסԼ
ѹʵ̫ǿ̫ǿ
ɱ־֮󣬳֡
Ϊ׻ʮ᳡ԯս¡
ʮȻûжִĪںͻѣɲ׷Źǡ
ԯսʮ£ѾΪ־ͷŵû겻塣
ֳתʮȫ⣬ȫëը
㡢㻹ʲôǿûͷһŬѹſ־˵
û򣬵ҵĻ᳡⣬ӣ
仰һΪ֮һ䣬һŽĹ
ӣ㻹ˣ
Ὣٴγȡ
һۣͻȻ֮䣬ҽŷһµذ壡
ֻоµĴضһ£·һ㡣
ţҽѵĵذ壬͵ʮʯԯսʮ·ȥ
ʮȻһֱһȫӦ
ֻоǰһͱʯϵҪѨ

һҽУӰ׻ﴫ˳ȥ
һ֣ȻûҪʮȴͨʯǵҪѨһ书
ʮ˾ͺʹһӽԺǷˡ
֮ʮվվȣ˫һȫڳǰ
ὫλϽþŭѡ
￴˺֣
һԷԯսʮ£⻹ˣ
ˣ׷ˣﻹûὫ˫Ŀðĭɡ
תɫ˵ԯսòºΪ𣿡
ʲôݣԯӳʲôݣɱôಿ£ǲ͵ƲãúԯӳὫ˵ţ˻ĶԺе춯֣ųڰ׻ף
ŭ֮£ὫϷˡ
ԣǲɹһŪĻȣǵݵλȻðԯսǿЦ
ұ죡
Ὣȵ
㻹ûʸԯӳչƲ㣬άֵļߺڣ߲׻ã
ŶλΪλԭأҳ֣
Ǽڽ
ͿղűòҶ
¦⽫俴̵άڱļߣҲˡ
ʵ˳
ûգͳֲܱ֤ԼӮ˳
ԯս߶һļѹкͳĵ
Ὣû뵽ΪٷսԼ֣ؼʱ̻˳ѿá
ͣὫҲֱ˵ֻѹסŭ˵ͽɱԯӳĲ£Ѫ׻ãǶǹٷȨ裬ΪԯӳΪ׻ó֣
仰Ȼ˸֣ʵڰʾҶԳֵĻǾ׼ӭԯսŭɡ
Ȼǵһ㡣
ˣǲҶ֡
ĺͳһ򲻹ĻܿҪ
ԺӲסˡ
ʲô桢ϣ߹ٷȨԶԶҪ
ԯսŭ𣬺Լܳܵס
ϾļߣٷսԼԯսٷŭҲҶô
ֻǺӲվţλϽʮִ㵡
Գ³




1866¡ֶ
 

ʲô˼Ὣɫѿ
ҳ֣ζԯսİ׻ɨء
⼸飿
ֻӦԯսһأûӦΪ֡
㣡Ὣˡ
Ȼֻ˵óڣ
ǰ˸ͲҺͳ
ٿЦЦı飬Ὣɫѿ֮
˵𣿡Įʵ
ὫŭߣҪΪԯӳͿ޷죬ʵʵܰ׻õƲðɣ
ҪƲˣԽԽ䡣
ķʣλϽûɵһ
˺ɣǰͽʲô鶼ó
ۿ˫Ŀɱ֣Ὣ˺һ㡢ʲô
˵أ
ٴηʣԽ˵λϽԽǾš
֮£Ὣ̶ֽ˵ֽ㿴ɺͳҿҪˣ
ֽĿЦ뻹Ǹ߸ϡȫ˵̬ȣŭ˳
ԯսʮ£մ¿Ծʹ˽ҹǴ»СС»ˡ
Ὣ˳ԸΪƾԯս׻ãϽѹ͵Ʋá
ˡ
ظ߷ͥϣ֯ߺάܾ¦УԼάֳԱѹȣܽ¦ùѪͷƿԡ
¦ֻĿų߳ظ߷ͥ¶֡
ʱ򣬺ڷͥĳôڱ೬ߣ̿ɱȽˡ
ˣὫֳ
ȻλϽԼֽݵλѹùߺ¦⣬ǱϾǳ֣ϽһѹûС
ֻὫһͱˣ뵱ƲǷֻ
ߵὫǰ󣬳˫еĺǸὫһ⡣
ֽ˿̣Ὣֻܼϣֽ
Ҫڰ׻
ֽһ£һܵ͵̬Գ˵ܸܲһӣˣ
ֽһۡ
ĵȻˡ
ν˲ңҲˣһֱ׼λϽҪƲܵʲôû
ǲΣֽӣҪġ
λϽֽλӿ¾ͱסˡ
ȫҶܵǣ
ˣֽķϣɱһΣ²Ϊ
лֽصһ
κ˶λϽĺжôء
ǽǲˡ
ʵϣΪѾԶԶֽܳܵĵˡ
ֻҪΪֹһоͶ˵
û˳ѹȣλϽоȫһɣð亹
ԭǽ㰴ԯսļƲߣִѳؽ
ڵĽǵļƻʮǧǱһɨأ
ɱ־ԯսʮ£ѹλϽ̧ͷֶΣ
º⡰аۡţʲôˡ
һʼа֣ۡ÷ǳЦҲ˰ѳһ񡢲֪ߵغ֡
ڳʵж֤а۾ǿޱߣ˸棡
֪ԯսİ׻ѹλϽǱɱ孽ʥڣԭһĻҪ䶯
ڳԸֽһӣʹ˽ᣬڲôš
ֻžȥԯսڵܻء
Ҳڰ׻ֵطĿѾﵽûȤͺ֣ҽѧҪʽٿʱȥ²һˡ
ĿͳȻ߳׻ãλϽɫһһѿ
֮£Ѿ˽ᣬ֪λΣֽλϽʵ
Ὣ촽һ£û˵λϽҲûб
ӣʵˡ
˭Ҳûȥ׷
պֽ̨£λϽֻܽһӻʻȥ
ֽλϽĬϣͷ߳׷ȥˡ
ȵң
ֽתͷ΢΢һЦֽ㲻ң֪ѴΪ˱ӣǱ̫ɡ
ûϵֽ֮ЦЦұͲԯսǸϵģ㱻ԯս֪Һϵ׽Σּûôױ⵹
ֽеźʹݣ
߳ƬԺʱֽһһʮĽԯսľ˵
֮һԯսҪսһôƵĶΪ
ԯս߰ԴҵӳǱԭпӦ˽ذĸֽ֡˵Լĵǡ




1867¡ǧ
 

ԯսˣһʼƮϣҫ۵Ĺ⻷ݺݵˤһӣǲڵߵġ
һ䣬˶٣ֵҴĲ£֮ǰܻܿˡ
ҵõϢԯսȫսǱԭ뿪ڵĻأԳ㲻عһ㡣ֽ͵
ԯս˵ǱԭϵԴҪġ
жԸĻᣬֻ˺
ֽĻԴʵֽ֪ԯսĸ𣿡
߻ܣܱǸҲֽ֪ҡҡͷûΪ˹ȫ֣ƭ˼Ϊԯս͵֪ҵĹϵԿⲻ֪ڡ
ˡ
ֽĻش𣬳е⡣
ȻˣҲʹԼȥԯս˽һе˼
ֽ͵ɣһ˻ȥС
߳شԺ󣬳ͣ½Ųֽ͡
˾ʹ˷ֱ
ڳȥʱὫѾ׻﷢飬֪ԯս
ھɽĳܻԯս֪ɱ־ʮ֮󣬵Ȼŭ
ڽħѵֱһ
ǿվѵߵλĵһ̹٣һڴҳ
ԯսƺšս񡱣ͳһᣬǹʣȳ˵ѹȸҪöࡣ
ƽʱĳһ񣬹⻪ͨ˼ֻ·ˡ
ԯսͺһıҫֱ񷣬κ˼᲻η֮ġ
˿̣ԯսոսὫĵ绰
Ŀһ仰û˵ڶĳЩ顣
һӹԯսɫָ·ʲôû
Ȼʹ˷Źֻǲڱ֮
úǱԭˡĵһսȫ׼ʧ
ڣѡĹٷ֣Ѿòˡ
ϰֱҲѡΪսӳԱ
˴γԯսʮ㡣
ߣȻڰ׻ͳ֣ʱȥǱԭҾͷ󡣡
ԯսţͻȻоһʮǿϢ
ϢϤ졣
ǧʦҲලѵ𣿡ԯս׵һ䡣
ڻģԯս׵˲ࡣ
߹һ
ԯսΪǧߣĶС˫Ŀ
ͷףȥʮˡ
ԯսȴһ㶼Сλߡ
Ϊڼʮǰߵˡ
ǧһĶȦУһ쵱šĹ
λٷ֣ΪĳҫӮùǿߵľء
ά֡֯ĳ׳ǧ˷ǳá
ԯսǺ֯Ķ֣ǧҪĺһʦ
ֻǽ֮ǧѾڰ״̬ٳ߶˵
ھ൱ڻĹٷֵһͼڣ˵
Ϊ˸ԯսƣͬʱҲǸԯսѹ󣬹ٷԼĳ⣬ǧΪսӸӳָӹ٣ǰǱԭ
սһЩٷ֣ﶼǧĻĵһ֡
ԯսЩٷУȻʵҲǿĳɷֺܴ󣬸ܺǧȡ
ԴˣԯսķǳΪǧѾˣʵ۷ôĶ֡
Ȼ뷨øսﲻĹٷ˵
ȵǱԭǼµʱ
ԯսǧֻ΢΢ͷС޶ôˣԯս֪ƶôϿħѵƻΪ˹ҫ룬ҲЩֱˣЪϢЪϢɡ
УǱԭսڼϢǷƬ̣ʱҵˣ
ǧڶ飬ԯսԴ˴粽á
ʵϣѾмʮֱ壬ѵˡ
˵ֱȫԯս̭
ֵѵԽԽãܲ˵ֱṋֻ̃жסħѵֱʸΪ
ǧðҡͷԯսȨ޷ǳǰ״̬ҲöȰˡ
һԯսһĸֱ߹ԯսＸ䡣
ԯս֮ɫ΢΢һ䣬ȻǸĸ뿪
ʦм£鷳һ¡
ʲô£ǧ˵ͬʱСԽԽˣȻ¡
ԯս΢ʦѾ˵а۳ˣҸոյɿϢֽó͵͵ǰǱԭҪǹٷսԴһˣȥҳ֪Ѷˡ
а۳ǧ΢΢һ㵡
ԭţԯսʲôҪȥ죬һڻؾ
֣ǧһ¾Ȥ
һĶ֣ʲôһˡ
УҾȥС




1868¡ǿϢ
 

ԯսһ£û뵽ǧӦôˬ졣
ΪǧԴǾ̧ܾսӶӳָӹٵݣСѹϡ
ĻԯսϵɫҲͻһЩ
ǧسСӿ϶͵ȥǱԭ˼
ԯսΪʲôҪǧȥҳΪóȥԭҡ
ԯսԼѡĹٷַǳ⣬ΪεĻĹٷսӣʵڵһ
սĹٷ⣬ǧˣĹٷսˡ
ΪɳĹٷսӣֻһһεľ֡
׹ٷսӸƣԯսҲŵԤ⣬׹ɳͬĴߣĻȨ̫÷֡
սȴûա
ΪȷΪսӵһˣܶӳָӹ١
ǧȻʵಮ٣ǸߵˣԲȨ
Ȼһӳָӹٵͷǧֻѹѹѡ
һϣԯսǺܷĵġ
֪ҲҪǰǱԭ֮󣬱úȥֹ
뵽ڰ׻ûжԳ֣ܿǱסˣɺȥܲա
ǧʵѹó
Ǿ鷳ʦһˡԯս˵ţǧһַ
סʲôƵ꣬ԯս׵
Ͼٷϵͳá
סַǧ˵߳ѵ뿪ܻء
ʱĳѾصҽѧἴٿľƵ꣬ùԱ²úû᳡ȥҽԺ˻ѺĪڡ
λҽѧרңƺѾûʲô󰭣Ҳͷ
ҹ֮ǰæµҽѧٿ顣
׼ò֮󣬵ϣпպͷhһԷ
ƷСŮ극ѵöݵϾʱ⣬СŮȥı԰˹䡣
ȻǵĶ䣬⼸ܺãûѩ԰кܶɢ棬һЩڽ
ڹ԰һͻȻӦһǿϢǿ
˿ߣǳҪŮҪ
Ϣĳ֣óٷְٵľ衣
ǿߣƽʱǿĶǿߣ
ǳĵһо
˵ǲԻ֮أÿǣظ֡
ĲͬϢʵ̫ǿˣ
ʲô孽ʥڣԭһġħ֮ӡʹͽ˹Ҫǿ
ʲôˣ
оͬʱ͸ͫǵϢķȥ
ոտ͸ͫǵʮǿϢͻȻʧӰ٣
Ȼһݣ
ԷܽڵϢշ磬ݹĻҪ¡
ϢͻȻʧζǿѾˡ
Ӧ
˸ӦȻûдﵽ۷壬ѾԸ֪ĸǿߡ
Ȼƫƫǿʧȥá
һ̣ƵĽhٶ塣
·˻ΪڴԶhһ¾ͷˣȻеţ
⻹һοֽŷӦ
ҲˣܵˣȻţ
ǲʲôΣˣhѹʵ
ֻ΢΢ҡͷڻ֪Էǵѡ
Ҫ뿪ɣΪ˳룬h
ٴҡͷԷǣ˦Ѳġ
ʵ仰Ǳ˼˵СŮ˦Ѳ
Լٶȣ˦Ǹǿߣͦаյġ
Ȼ÷h˫̥ûԼ׸û˵
ͷh˵֮󣬳Ѿ޷ٺκ˵
Ӧӵ£͸ͫ뾡ҳȺеǸǿߡ
Ȼһ룬סˡ
Ϊ֣ǸǿԼ˳
ңһȥɱĺͰˣϻŵЦ⡣
ͨ˻Ὣ˵԰ɢЩүеһԱ
ٷ֮ȷ˾ǸղɢǿϢǿߡ
˵ˣhⲽǺ֮ɫ
Ҳգ峺Ĵ۾ǲš
ûлشhĻǿˣ䲻ȵʵң
㡣΢΢һЦӦ
˲ǱˣǻĹٷһǿǧ
տʼûھƵҵ
ԯս˵֮󣬲ŵ֪԰
ǧҲ
ʲô£ÿ仰ʵúܼ̣񼡣
δĳ֣ͻȻΪ
ǧǺЦʶһ£˵еа۵οһˡ




1869¡Ȱ
 

ǧ仰һ
hٵɫˡ
˾Ȼ֪ʵݣǴ˵еаۣ
Լʵر⡣
ΪӦõ˵ʵɲ⣬˿϶Ҳܴſʵ
ּĸ֣һ棬ܲ³Էݡ
ֻǳһֱϻûԾ˻õϢԵȡ
Ȼ֪ҾаۣǾͱԼŰɡ
ǧȻЦǺǵģûΪá
ϷΪǧĶ֣ΪĹ
Ĺǵһ˵š
˵˼·ѾǶǰ顣
ˡҹªţûšŻǫһ䡣
Ͼ߶ûʲô⣬һһֱЦǺǵģҲð
һĸ֣ΪȻҪǰо⡣
ǧΪ졣
ֹһ˵Ǹ¸ߡһ֡
һû뵽ֻǱ䣬ʵͦǫġ
û˵ҲûϵĹţѾûˣϷΪٷЧҰæάֱֺ֯ʮǰҲſʼ£һӡ
ǧĻó档
û뵽ߵô
ǧǺεȵ߳ơݺء
ҲáĹȳƺš
һάֺ֯Ĵʼ֮һ»Ĺٷûһȵϡ
ţ˵ǧһĻĵһ֡
˵˳Ϊһһ֮һ
ʵϳĲ²û
ǧȻԯսҪԼԳȤ
֪ңΪأѲдһֻⷽȥ롣
ǧּǿߣڹ硢޷粻֮ǰĶҵĶ֡
˵ǧϲдһ书
ǧʣЦ
а۳ȻȤ
ȻΪ㣬д裿
˵ʵǶʮǰδң϶ɱһɱСӵ硣
ϷѾԸ֮д費Ȥˡ
ʣµ㾫ֻΪЧʱӳ
ǧ˵÷hһ
ǿɲôĸд衣
Ҳе⣬û뵽Լ´ˡ
ôѵǵһ𣿡
ʣǧҡҡͷɫ
ȷʵǻһţһ鴫ǺǹٷƳԯսȣضá
ٴθȻ֮ɫ
ԭǧʶԯս
ҲǣǧҲڹٷ֣ʶԯսҲ˵ԯսĳֹϵ
ֻǧ˵˵ʵ㣬һԯս˼
Ŷ˫ü΢΢һвɸӺˡ
ԯսԼǧʲô˼
˵ٷ֮ĹϵͬѰ
֪ܺ棬ԯսʲôǧĽ͵ιٷԯս֯һ֧սӣսǱԭ֪ģԯսҲյҪǰǱԭϢ㣬׼ȥԭԴ
ԭˡȻ
ԯսȻȥǱԭڱԭϺһ֡
뵽΢΢𣺡ԯսûʸֹȥǱԭֻ˽ȥ˵ʲôѵİ׻ܹܻˡ飿
˵ûԯսܲ㣬۴ĸǶϽ
ǧֱͬ˳Ļ
óе죺Ϊʲô㻹ң
ֽ˽ίȥǱԭҲ˽Ȱ㣬ǧȥǱԭǧ仰˵ú֣أǻһӢܣǹҵδҲϣڱԭ֮ϣǽǻ֮䡣
лôҡ
ǧػ֮󣬳λҲһ־ء
ΪһĹٷһ֣ǧǵûϣԹΪأһͲ֪ԯսǿٱ
ǳΪǧļ仰͸ıԼ⡣
ںҪܹʵԴ⡣
ҵȻ⡣ǧ֪˵ôףֹõԴȻǶƣҲҪԴòá
պǱԭǿƼٷɳʵۺսӣʱ֪ᷢٳɱ




1870¡սڼ
 

һǰǱԭԴӦսǿߣݵϷǳ
ˡϷֱԣǰȥٷְ᲻ǷԴаٷ֮ʮŵĿԭ֮ϣ
Ϊʵûǿһ򵱹صĵز
ǻĵĹٷսӣʵ֮£ǾҺԯս⻹мʮ֣ݣ޷֤Դ
ûҪְԼδ͵
ǧһĳĻ˵֮󣬳ƺ˳˼
ʵûиıԼľģֻǾǧԼʵ̫ˡ
ǧϣǧΪԼҪǿԯսȳҪǿһ㡣
Բ˵ԯսȷʵǷΪͬһʱֱ
㲻ö˵ˣѾ
Ĵ𸴣ǧ̾һĸпа۳Ȼ񣬾ͺ͵ţһ첻µز£̶ѨҪȥһ
ңǵйٷǰҶףֻǹһˣȥǱԭʱ֪ʵ͹ٷսʵȣʲôҲǡ
ִҪȥĻϷһ飬ǾǹٷսӣʱһȡһԴΣ
ǧ˶εȰ˵
·ϵʱ򣬾ͿǵȰĿԣóѡһеķʽ
һ̲סЦԯսոԸң֮ǰһֱŻҪҶԾĵһֵţȥսӣôܴӦ
ǧĬȻ
仰ȷʵ޷Ӧ
Խĸ֣Խĸһɽݶԯսսʱ˵ȴˡ
˼һǧһʱҲ벻ķȰ˵
գֻѡ
ȻΪ˹ҵδ룬ǧǾȰΣϷϣúÿһ£һȥԭֻоһĽ֣ϷϹͷΪҲˣԲУԯսСǱǿһ㣬Ը̫ԸԶ㣬Ϸδĸֵ棬ʸ񵣵
л΢΢ͷʾл
ĻҲ˵ˡ
֮СһҪҺúõĻţϷˣˬĴЦǧڰ֮⡣
hٶ壬ǧʧġ
Ŀģ˶ݵĳ˼
λСŮ˵ȥĵطɡ
ãӦ
hֹ֮ǰȰȥǱԭٴθܵľ⣬ֻĵ뷨

գͻѡĪһٿҽѧᡣ
ⳡּȷΧθҽչ̽֡
ϣλյҽѧרԼĽ飬ЩõĽһһС
һ飬÷ǳۡ
飬һλԽϵҽѧרȫشҽѧԺԴﵽƹҽЧ
úõĻʱ⣬ͺѧԺһ
Ȼ˵򵥣ʵʩ϶ѡ
Ҫľʽ
ĻӵеȫʽҪͶ봴ѧԺ֮С
ȻҪѡʵѧԺˡ
ͶλҽѧרҾ֮󣬳վɡ
ڵǮͺһ֣ȫʽҽѧԺʲ֮ء
Ȼ㽫ʮΪҽѧԺҪγ̣ضѧ
Ȼƾʮ뻹
һǣпյʱԼܽаҽкʱβдһԼҽ飬ҽЩҽѧҽѧǡ
뷨רҵͬ
Щרҷ׷ױ̬ԼԸʰҽѧԺһѧԺﵣιԱʦ
ǴҽѧԺĽ飬ʼʵʩ׶Ρ
ⳡҽѧһ죬Բ
ڴ۳Ľ飬ʵʩ룬󲿷ֽĪڡѻ⼸λҽԪȥ졣
Ϊ˼Ǳԭ֮սӽ˶ҽѧֳ̽ҪʵеĸҽʱֻΪһලߡ
ʲô׫дҽ顢ѡѧԺ֮Ĵ£ֻƳ
ھһ֮ڵֽϢ
Ǳԭսһ
ٷսӣѾ½ǰԭ
ΪҹٷŨīزʡԯսӳһ¡
ٷʱ򣬲ûԴ֮ۡ
˸ûʵɣ˵ǱԭԴҹԱһ֣ڡսԯսսӣΪΪĶԼĶ
ңҲġ
ԯսٴεͷ֮ǻһĨЦ⡣
Ȼ뿪סľƵ꣬ǰǻ
ֽѾźǰǱԭһ׼




1871¡Ů˿
 

˾ǻ֮󣬳ֵֻҪڻȴСʱܵǻ
ֽ֮ûͱΪҪȥμӹٷΪԯսٰĳʽ
Ҿڳڵ
һ򵥵ıȺУҪҸλʱͻȻĳ۶ȥ
գǧ˿ͺ֪Ҫٰʽľһŵվڴǰͣƺȥ
˶ڴʼĳʽ
׾ͼһشǰһΧۡ
Сʱǻÿʽж¡ء
ֻ㲥Ա˵λȺڣӭսԯսӳʶӳ

һ˲䣬ﵽҵ
Χ۵ȺڹƺͻȻصһ죬һ
Ӧ˲ŷڵ
еЦԯսôͷǸϲųļһ
ڴ֮£ٷѾõġһǿ֡սԯսߵͣƺУ֮ڡ
ǵһοԯսĳࡣ
һһᣬһɫսۣ˫紦ȥݣ··
Ⱥǿԯս̲֮סֹ
ԯսʵ̫ĿСս񡱵ˡ
ᡢߴͣһմӺԾ˶ԯսһչ¶ض޼᲻ݣ
ҵܵڵ飬ԯսת̧ͷ¥ϴΧ۵Ⱥڣ΢ЦųȺڻ⡣
ЩȺڼԯս񣬸ǶֺøС
Ϊݹٷ˵еаۿƧ߸ϣһȺ̫Զˡ
ȻаΪ󹦣ս°ģϾаûڹǰ
ֻͨаۣҪа۽Ӵֻ롣
Ϻܶһֱаۣһ˵ķС
˳ӵ˿ͬʱҲ˺ܶӣÿϷӡ߷΢
ĨڵݺʹݶӦ˵̫䡢Ӳֻġ
ЩĨĹ˵֮սֻΪıʵ϶ԹһôûС
Ȼ굽а۲ӵлĵһȥĸֲӦòͷ¶βӦа
Ĩڳ۴ﵽ߳ʱǡùٷƳˡսԯսһ֡
ٷԯսΰа۵аγԱȡ
Ҳˣԯսʱڻôӵ
ۼԯս߸ϡײβǳЩܲϲ
һ£һҼĴͨڴкͨڲ˷ܼǲܵġ
ԯս˧Ҫˣ
һЩŮ˿ɴڻ
Ա߾һԯսŮ˿˫ϼУʪһ
Ů˿һ˷˻㣬ԱߵˣһС
ΧˣȫŮ˿ԶԶġ
ȻҲܳԯսۼԯսͷ衣
Ů˿ûպóվԭزһץס֣˷ܵĽе쿴սս̫˧ˣǻĵսҪˣ
ŶΪӦһ
Ů˿ģЩ롣
˷ܳӣȫ޷⡣
Į̬ȣŮ˿úܲˬ
ιΪʲôޱ鰡սԯսָǴкѵͲ˷𣿡
ûо鷳ſҵ֡ѾŮ˿еЦˡ
Ȼ仰Ů˿ˬԯսô˧书ôߣôȻһ㲻ΪǻĵӢ۸е㻹ҺܻǲǼԯս
ǺǡЦһ˦Ů˿ץס֡
˵ĶԻΧһЩڵע⡣
˶޷⣬ΪʲôۿԯսȻһҲ˷ܡ
ι۳ʽʲô
˵˰ɣһǴĵ˿УǼԯսˣϧһӶԯս˵ĽֺͷŮ˿ĳ
ž
ͻȻ䣬һ죬ѹҵ
Ů˿һ֮󣬷·綼徻ˡ
㡢ҴңŮ˿Լ׵գǾŭ֮ɫ
ǳһŵһŭȫ
ΧˣҲܵȱϢ
ˣÿ£
Ů˿Ҳҳ鷳ˣ߿˸طΧ۳ʽ
ͣƺϵԯսһĻ۵ײӹһĨڽ֮ɫ




1872¡رľư
 

ӦԯսעӣһתͷԯսĿԡ
Ȼ׾ӣз·˵Ƶģһɻҩζ
ΧȺڲԣΪʲôԯսͻȻźһΧ۵ˡ
ѵʲôر֮
ȫֻóͨòͨ
ʱԶһŮ˿ͻȻԯսάЩŮ˿̫˧ˣ
һУ˿һͬС
˭Ҳ֪ں¥һι۳ʽģǴ˵еаۣ
һˣԯս࿴һۣ
ͳ֮ԯս¶һЦЦŪ飬Ȼתȥ
ʽʽʼ
ԯսվŵȫǱλĹٷսӵĸ֡
оСĹǧάܾļߺ
ǵĺ棬ϰٸħѵֱάڱ֡
֧ٷսӵսϾһ
ԯսǧͺ֮⣬ֲȤ
Ҫ˵еĻҲǧվǸ۵ˡ
óٷֲͬȻǧĹϵͬѰ
˳²⣬пǧĵӣ߼󱲣ġ
ŲԱкشʣһ쳹
ʽԲ
ԯսʶӴרΪ
¥ڲϹƵΧȺȻ뿪˸λĿ
Ԥϵһ쳣ս
˱άֺ״̬
Сʱ֮󣬳Ҳ˷ɻֻͨͻ
Ϊֽ˽ίȥǱԭԲԵ̫⡣
ҳ·ߺԯսԼٷսӲͬ
սӶԼרֱӵִǱԭǴԴĸص㡣
Ҫȵѩ׶Ī˹£ȥֽżĳˡ
ȻٸǸ𳵴Ī˹³ǰǱԭ
һʼ̫⣬ΪʲôֽȥĪ˹£ΪܴܿԴʱ
ֽһΪ˳İȫ룬ȷԭսûô쿪ʼ
Գѡֽ
ڷɻϣ˯һԼ߸Сʱ󣬷ɻ׼ִѩ׶Ī˹¡
һдԵĳУսϴˢĪ˹·øӼ᲻ɴݡ
˷ɻ⳵һ·Ī˹µĳҹСʱֽĵַ
ַʲôص㣬һֵľưɡ
ѩľưɱȻĵľưøˣ˺ȾҲϾѩȫ繫ϵս塣
ưɵգ̫ͬ
һͷ֣ưȻûһͨˣ
ȫʵǷĸ֣
ֻһͨĿˡ
˳ϬĿɨɨȥƺҪ̴һ㡣
Ȼߵ̨ưϰͶһ͵
ôôŵĿעӣȴֵ÷ǳ򶨣ưϰԴ˷ǳ͡
С磬һǻˣʲôƣѩɫв޵ĺǻʹڡšԼķؼӡ
ľưϰ壬ֻ΢΢һЦ͸һǻʹڰɡ
ʵ̫ưϰӢģֻʣѡ־ơ
ưϰ嵹þƺ󣬳һڣоƵľȷʵܴǸͨˣ϶Ȳ
ʵǿޱȣЩǻʹڡǺ
ưϰ״ɵùЦС磬ͦȵģܶ໪ȾƣܵʲôƣһͨᱻǺᣡ
𣿡Ӧһ䣬ȻžưĻ
ʱͻȻŵһŨƮıǼ⡣
Ů˵ˮζ
ζأѩҲ⣬õˮȻĵζҪŨöࡣ
תͷȥֻһ׼ѩŮߣδ˵ȾƱҪơ
Ůûе⣬Ҳ˾پƱŮ˶һ
֮ѩŮЦڵ˧磬𣿡
򵥵ӢģȻö
ǵġ
ܻĻشѩŮЦŨˣðһ£ڵ˭
㡣سͲʵʵ˵ˡ
ѩŮ⣬Ц˧磬֪ư˵˷ǳֻࣿһ֪Ƕڵʲô
˵˵Ϊ棬ȻѩŮ֪ưɵ顣
ҽһ£ҽбѩŮԼ󣬰б֪Ƕڵȴһλǿ쵼֣߳ҲпֹܲһλʱǽԵ쵼ߣǰǱԭ
еȻ֮ɫҲβס




1873¡ǿ쵼
 

ʵбѩŮ֮󣬳ͿҲһ֡
û뵽֪ô࣬ΪǱԭԴ֪
ľȣЦøӵ⣺˧磬ʵҲһλ쵼ߣһˣҾܲŶûȤǵĶ飿
˵ţưĳ俴һ¡
һ߸ˣŮУֱԲͬĹҡ
߸ˣȻʵּܲĶ飬ȥǱԭ͹ٷսԴͺѻʯࡣ
ΪĶʵסˣĲɽ˶Գڴֵ
һʼΪͨˣھưֵָĿѹ±ִݣ˲򵥡
պĶȱˣǱ
ھóʵûеǿ֮󣬱һתȻǣ͵ñֳԼʵ
ûȤǡҡҡͷֱӾܾ
һɫʱ
һʵȱȱĳСӶѣȻĶ飿
ߣ˷飡
仰һˬ߻Լλ
߸ͬʱԳͶм۹⡣
ʲôҲûźͷ˳֡
кܶ˶ˣҾưֹһҹĳ
ΪҾưɲͨưɣȻΪ£ĵطͺ˲г
ҪȵˣҲǱ˵һλ쵼ߡ
ֽ֮ţΪó༸֣Щֺܿܰﲻʲôæܴ·Ҳͦõġ
һ֧ǰǱԭܱһڱԭ䵥á
Ϊ˱һڱԭ鷳˷ʱ䣬ֽͬİš
ʮ֮󣬾ư߽ƷͬСɵ
ܹ߸ˣ䡢ɫԱͬ
ͷһʮꡢĽ׳ӣͷһر䵶
Ӵ߽󣬾ưĸǷ׷ٴС
ΪȫӦ֧ǿ
֧ͻȣĶͺһȺСèСۼһ
Ķӳ߽䵶ˣǼɵ;η֮ɫ
һЩûмκζĸ֣Լͬ¶˷ϲɫ
Ҫȵǿ쵼ߣڵȵˣ
̹ˣӵþãһĺһ׳ʵѩˣЦ䵶ȥ
Ϊ̹ӣѩ߹Ա˵ưɺĵһ仰ǵĶ飿
ûΪʸ񣡡ѩϳţƺԼȽ̹Ķ顣
㲻ʸ񣡡
̹Ļѩͷϵһˮ
һûչʵΪʲô˵ûʸ񣿡ѩ˲ð˵ͬҰ޺С
ͬʱϵƱںȾƿϷĸɫ
Ȼ̹ûбѩ˵ŵٿһۡ
ͻȻ֮䣬̹һֵøƵУѩ˻ӳһȭ
ѩڷŭʹ£һת£ͬһȭӳ
̹ͨͬ̹Ͽɡ
أ
һֻ̣оǰһڣѩ˱ɳȥײǽϣ˲
ڳĸֲɵõһ
̹һ˳֣Ȼôǿ
ֲ̹Ǹѩ˵ʵ
£һЩԭ̹ĸ֣ȫˡ
Ȼ˸߹ȥ̹˵
ͼһߵ̹ǰ
Ȼ̹Ķ飬ıȵͬʱиֳ֮ɫ
ϵˣһպյ̹ῴϣ
̹û߹˹Ϊ⼸ȷʵʵǸĻ֮⡣
⼸һۣԱ˵ҵĶֻȱһҽҪ߼ҽ߻ʼҽҽԼ°ɡ
̹ô˵⼸֣¶ʧ֮ɫ
ָǿҽϡеֻ
⼸ֲûҽֻε˻Լλ
վ̹ǰģֻгһѩ֡
û뵽оߣΪ˲˷ʱ䣬żɽ˵ѳ
ˡ̹Ȳ飬Ҳر䵭ԭƼˣҺܷģҿкǿʵǵĶ飬ҪǵıΪǵ׸ھͿҽˮƽΰɣҪǱȲѩ˵Ļֻ˵һǸˡ
üͷ΢΢һ̹Ҫѩ˾
˵ʲôʱߵѩ˵𾴵̹ѡҰɣұСǿˣֻҽúÿţҿ԰Сӵĸ첲ŤϣȻκҽƹֱۻָ糣
ѩ˵ţӹһĨ֮ɫҪŤϳĸ첲
Цһס룬ֱӲѩ˵ѣ
̹㲻Ҫʶҵҽ𣿽ˣ




1874¡
 

ưˣû뵽ȥ޺־ȻҪŤ첲ѩ˻
ҳٶȻܿ죬ڳһЩֹĿ࿴
룬ѩ֮УҽѩҽûһڣڵϷ°ĭ
ưһȻ֮
ڳĸֶóٶ죬ȫܲˡ
û뵽Ȼһ¾ͰѩҲɱˡ
һ̹ûʲôϡġ
Ϊס룬ƴһ͵Ϯĳɷָ
ڵڵѩʵҲ㲻͵ϮҲ
̹һԸгȹͺ˿Ůһ˫۾г֮ɫߵѩǰ̽һ֮󣬺Ŀڵˣ
ԸСŮȥж˵˵ܺһǼѩŮĻģڳĳЩ˲˷Ӧ
˶СԸСŮ
Ͼܱ̹ģûһˮ
ԸСŮĻ̹ųĿ΢һ㲻ͬ
Ϊϵѩˣڱһɱֻǻȥ
Ůͬӵ̽ж
˵ѩˣˡ
㶼ɱˣô֤Լҽ
ó̹е㲻ˡ
ºֶܶڰֻ뿴̹ŭ֮£νŰɱ
ǸӸ֣ͻȻɱ˳
Ԥ鲢ûз
ֻ΢΢Ȱɱˣ֤ҽ
㴵ţɣԸСŮվһȱӺȫŵɫ
̹ȴŨ˫üֳһ㿪ЦߴĳɷֶûС
ӣһ¡̹ڰ֣ʾԸСŮס
һԭжСŮֽӣ
ӣֵģϾǶ˰˾Ųʮˡ
ϴӣֻƲƲߵһȥ
뿴Ҫô
ɵϵѩˣ˿֮󣬰ٷְȷѩѾò
ҪǳܹȻ˵ǻ٢˵ҽ·š
˵Ŀ⣬ȫڳϡ
ֻŲæѩֵѴ˼ѨλȻ󽫲ϵ뻺
ڼʹֻǾưûһ˿ó
ַֻܼ򵥣ǵĻԼѡ
̹Ѿʼֽˡ
ֽڹԻ̹йηǳɹĺֽ̹ǳġ
û뵽ֽһΣƼҽѡҲˣƺҽҲǰӡװŪˮƽ
վƳ̹һۣʲôû˵
ţڵ˫ĿաϢȫ޵ѩ֣ͻȻҿ
ˣ
ȫٴȻ֮
𾪵˼㡣
СӵҽֶΣ
ֱ̫˼ˣ
̹Ϊ𾪵ģΪʵȫǿ϶ܻܻ
ĶӣԼʬ壬ӣжϴδ
ôѩģ
˿̣ӣɰƯе㷢죬ղŻǳӳ൱ڱˡ
俨ıһĻǳӻ࣡
ĶﱾȱҽԱھȻһλҽ
֪ԼҲˣ
Ͼʩչҽ̹᲻ӣֱҪɱţԭսʱҪֱҲû⡣
ʵ̹ģϵ֮ɫ˲תΪЦ⣬ǿ׳˫ס˫ЦƼҽǻӭҽǵĶ飡
̹Աȫ¶Ц⡣
ҽ߳ˣߵﶼ㡣
ǿҽ죬ȴ̫У̹ĶԱǷǳģÿǵؼʱһ㡣
ע⵽̹ӣǵı飬ʲôҲû˵ֻɫȻ䵭
ֵܣղСˣ̹ʽǸ̹˵һ˺Ļ
ڳĸֶ֪̹Ǹ˿ɲࡣ
̹Ϊŵ̬
ɫԻһЩ
ʵֻ̹ǻðˡ
̹Ҫҽǰ̹ӣ˵ɰ·̽·ġ
ʱȥ˱ԭսɲһЩ˵
ų̹Ķ飬ӵĶӳʮĽʡ
̹ڸ齨Ķеһ֧
ֶ˸绢
̹˵ǸˣȻҵĶ飬㣬ҵӳʲô𣿡




1875¡սӳ
 

ûСͲ˰עȥǱԭԴģɲȥͷġ
̹аעʵӳ̹ȫû⡣
ڳĻش̹⡣
Сҽܶ÷ִ磬֪ԼＸ
һ㣬̹ΪԲǴ
ʱһ˸ŷˣɤЩƵĿڵ̹
ҵӳ̹һüͷ
仰ɶˡӣ˵üͷԲһ¡
Ϊӣʵڲࡣ
ͲһˣǶڶ֣ʵֻһ㡣
ӳպпܾ˵Ľ֣Ҳͻᵼ¶ʵ½
ɫܼ̹Ҫս㣬ҪӮңӳ
仰ļˣȫһϷ̬
֪ΪʲôҪӳΪӳζܹ䵽ĺô
Դǰûκɽ
ÿһ֧ǰǱԭĶ鶼һǷԴ֮Ǵ·졢һߡ
ˣ˭һأ
̹ɫصĿһ󣬶԰˵ҪսҲԣǶǿսⳡԾֻ֣ܵ㵽Ϊֹöʵˡ
ȫöŷ̹ɣȫʵó˵ţһ׶ϢϱþưĸǾԱɫ
Ҳǳǿ
ȶӳȴֻҪ̹Ͱƴܾˣ̹Ķ㲻϶ˡ
֣һֹ˼ûУͺӣȶһϷ
ΪԳ˵̹Ͱ˭ӳν
԰Ʊ̹ҲǺǵһת
䣡
ֶƴһȭưһСͷ籩ƿžĲ֪˶ٸ
˶˵ȥԶԶΧⳡ
̹Ͱǰ¶ƣȭƴ̶һѾƴǧȭͷ
һЩʵͨĸ֣ȫɵˡ
ǻûּĶԾ
Щӳĸ֣ҲԽԽľ
ǷԼ̹һʵࡣ
ĸȴ
ֻгһˣɫȻĿųеľ
һԵӣ͵͵۲ķӦȻ֮УһĨɫ
Ӻ󣬳о벻һĽ׶Ρ
̹һȭ˰֮󣬷ŭĴеһҪƴ𣿡
ѶӳλóͬҰδ˵꣬˹ȥ
Σ
̹һκͰԺ䣬þưɵĴһѿ˳ȥ
ͻȻ䣬̹һҹȭаΣѰѪ硣
ˣ̹ʹ֣ʤ
˺󣬷״̬һߺһ̹߳˹ÿһжҪ̹أ
ҵģ̹ԭһԷҪˣ
һȦĹ֮У̹Ͱɱһ𣬹ﲻϴҵⲫͼ
һ̣ɢˣվԭأ˼ڴ
ǰ϶ȭӡ
˭Ҳû̹ľУֻǿ̹ɱڳĸȫһĿɿڴ
ôǿİȻǱ̹ɱˣ
ĸֹУӦ˭Ҳȡ˭Ŷԡ
˵̹ղŶ˷ǳ˲õɱУðֿ
ӳû°ɣӣ߹ʵ
̹һЦӣͱװˣʵͲҡ
ôô˵أҪˣ˭ȥԭӣ֮Цƺ԰֮һоûС
ԱҲһ̹ĸִĮֻ̹Լ֪Ƕ˵ж
Ȼξûܶˣһǿսʵɡ
ҵĶҪһսԱ˭Ը룿̹֮£ֻھƹһˡ
һʱ䣬ʮһӵϣ׷Լ
̹ɨһȦһ˸֣֮С
ʵЩ֣ʵ࣬Զ簣
ڰһ̹ûнսԱԱ벹һս
߰ɣȥһг
̹һӣԱ뿪ưɡ
߳ưſڵʱ򣬻ͷһۣǸڿһ׹һۡ
ĴɧûŮʲôˡ
ȫΪ̹ϳǰĪ˹»վ
ư֣ҲǲԼͬվ
Ī˹µǱԭһվ㣬Ҫһ·̣˭Ҳͽȥ




1876¡ѩг
 

Ī˹»𳵣ӣֻȺ֮С
Щ֣ҪĶͬһг
̹ǽ복վԼһ׵ĵطһӻȺУסͨѶԯӳѾĪ˹»վǰǱԭг
ȻϣӣͨѶﴫԯս
ǣӴӦ󣬼ɫĸڳ
ԯսӳĻĹٷսӳԱʵˮƽ
ѾĪ˹»վ˺ܾãڵȵվ
Ϊûзĸ٣ʵϳһվ֪ˣֻȥƽ϶ѡ
̹ߵվ򳵴ϴּһλͣ£ǸְĳƱָԱǣ˳ܵͿˣ޴½ϵǿߡ
΢΢ͷӹĳƱ
̹ɨΧһȦкܶĶ飬Ҫͬһгȥԭڳվﻹϳ֮󣬴ҶҪСģҪעⱣóҽ
û⣬һֱųءӣƤ˵
ǳرóһԼһʮСŮ˵ĸо
ʵӣ巢ȣӦжʮˡ
̹ЦӣǶע׷ɢˣøҴʮרע
ӣ̹࣬˸
иõСŮվͲôơ
ʮӺ󣬳ĶҲվˡ
Ȼ֮ǰưĸǣ½복վ
ЩΨһĿģǱԭϵԴ˽˭Ҳڳվͻ
ֹȥ߰˷Ӻгڵվ
һʮĬϳصг淢г֣Ǳԭһվ㡪̩ǿȥ
ʱֵ¡ѩǵƽ´ﵽʮ϶ȣǱԭĵشĻ¸ǻﵽʮȡ
ǰԭгﶼͨˣǸַǷĸ֣ЩҲſẮĿ顣
һɪɪ
ñǳ⣬ϾһֶӣǱ鿴Ц
ϳ֮ע⵽·ҲǺܺ񣬾Ȼһ㲻ϺӰ죬ĸӺˡ
ˣȻеʵġ
֪ĿʱʱƮװʲôû֣ճƱϵĺҵλ
гҪִﰢ̩ǣҪ߸СʱҲһϵʱ䡣
̹ȫƱ
߸ǰţʣһλû˸
̹ӣԼӰͿһ
ӣ˿ĽӵһһģƺһҲ䣬ΧһЩɫԵĿ⡣
캮ضΣķĻ£вӣɫ
ͬģǾҲƵƵעĿ
Ŀ⣬ӣͲһˣݺݵĵЩ͵һۣЩ˲òĿ⡣
ӣԴת󣬷ֳĿбӣһۣһ¾ͿʼĿ
ţҪҪ׽Ūһ¡
ʱ̹ˣռǱԭԴϣǿһ¡
˵ţӶȡַֽԱ
ӹһֻĶ֣ͷǰǱԭҪע飬ȻǸٷսпפĵص㡣
̹еͣȻܹŪٷսӵϡ
ֻЩ϶ȷʵ鱨˳Ϊֻܲοһ¡
ǿ֣ҹڱԴͻȻĲ²⡣̹Լֽƽ̯ϣȻһָͷ˵漸֡
֮ȥͨ˹ըӳ֮С
ʷϷǳһι¼δ֮ա
1908630磬ѩǰĻϿգһ𳬼ը¼
ըصλͨ˹ӸӶ800ﴦʱƵıը൱2ǧTNTըҩ2000ƽİǧʹ˵¡
ݱڱӶһˣ۲쵽һ޴Ļ򻮹գȺ̫൱Ӻһǿ᳹գԺըĳ߰ٹڵĴ飬Ǹ˹۲쵽ĢƵ
·ڣŷ½ҹճֳɫ
ը֮꣬ѧȺڱըص㷢3ɽƵıըӡ
һǱԭԴƿӷ֣صͨ˹ըڵطǳӽ
ǿʲôûУ̹˶òˣʵ




1877¡ս
 

̹ʣ֪ĶǣͬͬĲ²⡣
ӣһڻشӳѱοƿӷԴͨ˹ըϵǲ̫ˣͨ˹ըһǰҪ˵ʲôܣ类ھˣĿƿŶֲϹӡ
дͨ˹ըļѧ˵ʯײ˱ǷɴʺײΪʯײпܣֶǺܿףʯǱԭϵĻô޴ʯܿЯԴ򡣡ӰͿ˵Լ뷨
̹Ĳ²ⲻıϡ
̹˵ͷӣ֪˵ʲôһڼ䣬ԭϴԴͱƿŶӴߣΪʲôֱ֧꣬ʿƿӲŷԴأΪʵпƿӷ֣Ҵֻ̣ĳδ֪ľ޴޷Դ
ӣԭʶ뷴룬̹˵ûе
Դ֧ʿƿӷ֣Ѿȥһˣֱ齨ùٷսӣǰԭԴûбκȴߡ
˵Դһ˴ߵġ
̹ӣû˵ʵô
ûʲôʯײԭԴֵ˵ÿɷ
ǵǰԴص㿴һ
ƾһֽϣʲô
̹Ҳûָ˵ʲôĿ⼸ѵ֮󣬾Ͱѷȥջ
Ҽ˵һǶж̹ȻΪԴս׼˲ٶһǱԭͼ̯Ϻָõͼϵһַ˵Ǽİ̩ǣλ
һλŵѣȫΧͼ
ָָ̹̩Ǹǵ㣺ݿɿϢ׹ԼѩǿٷսӣʱפطǵʱһҪƿ㣬úײϣҺٷսʵ֮󻮳һ·ߣǿ
ָ̹ڵͼϲƶնͨ˹Ӹĳϡ
ֻƿӷԴĵص㣬Դûбƶҵ㣬ٷսѾ̽ͷһĻϣΪԭİϺһ㡣
ҪǸٷսӶ϶Ļζܲ˰ɣһԼĵǡ
Ҫ̹˵̹·ߣͱú塣
̹ӹһĨŵɫ˭˵ǱܲˣɵӲŻѡһʱ͹ٷսӲӲ
ӳһΪ͹ٷսӲءӣ̲סЦһ䡣
˭Ӳ˭ɵӣ̹Цһ䣬˵һսùٷսȴ׹ĺѩսʵ࣬ʱ϶ܾˣǼ׹ʤԴսʵ֮ҪԴ߿ɾûôˣ
⻹ǳֵʱͿ˲һ䡣
̹͵Ŀ˰Ϳһۣǿٷսʵ𣬻һЩ׼֮սӣԼ˽˶飬ǻҪܹڶս
ԭ̹ڶսʼʱͳ֣һڵڶսʵѾˣֻܵȵ
ԽϣòԴĿԽ
̹ＸгԱĵǡ
ӣ˵ӳǱܹڶսĻܱ֤ӱԴ˵˼ʹԴ뿪ԭˣοĿ϶ܶ࣬Ϊϵս
ͬӣĿһԱ͵
ֻгĬȻ
˵ȻԽԴԽá
ֻ̹սҲķգֵÿһ¡
սսۣ̹һӳ˷硣
̹гԱһۣЦǶ֪ǸˣȻͬǾͶƱɣͬڶȥ˾֡
ӣԱ
һ֮£̹
ԣøƱ
֧ӣֻˣôʣµ˿϶֧ġ
ӣֵֻ֧ڶ֣ǾͲˡ
̹ô˵ӣǲУ˵أҲһġ
ãҾһ£ֵ֧ȥԴ˾֡
̹˵ţԼ
ŰͿ˺һԱҲˡ
ӣֵ֮ɫҾ˵ɣӳƱһҶࡣ
⻰һ˵Ŀȫ۶ȥ
ûΨһһûٹֵˡ
뱣̹е㲻ãܲϲͶƱҪ




1878¡Σķ
 

ͶƱǽҪȥС£Ҳˡ
ڿǾɰܵһͶƱ̹ȻΪѡװˡ
ǳ˵仰ȴ̹Աһ졣
Ҳ뱣Ϊһֱӿá
̹һɵ΢΢һ㵡
һ˵ҪӲ׹ĺѩЩٷսӣ
Լ֯Ķ飬͹ٷսӲӲͺѻʯûʲô
ˣӣĳʵ߸ģȻôսǲǣ
ΪֱȥĿĵԴȴӹٷսǿҪ׵ö࣬ҵɡĽ͵
ӣٳ䣬̹ڰֵɣȫûеսܷɹ뽨ǱйٷսȵĿĵصǰ¡
԰ٷսӶڱԭפüˣôܻӣ̲ס˸ۡ
ֻ̹еϧԼ齨ٶȲ죬пܸڹٷսǰ档
ֻܷ˳顣
ǲܰ˵ðգֻһ䣬ֵ֧ڶǵȥԴ̹˫Ŀ𣬶ס
һҪóȷĻش
Ҳ룬ֱӿڵ֧ӣ
һֱӿȷʵ̫ʵ
ֻ˶Σѡڶ
ӣû뵽Լճ˳֧
˵ĵӣǱʵҪǿöࡣ
ӳû˵˰ɣӣʤ˵
̹ҲּȽ֮ˣȵսȥᣬõԴĿԻͺܶ࣬˵ûеս
Ĭ¿ڵǾͰͶƱǵȹٷսӴŻ֣ҺúϢɡ
ʱгߵ߹һϺУ̹ڽкּ̹ˣ˵ھư˰쵰ֿ湻ݵİ
ֻӣΪҵĶһʵͱȲǶˣ̹ȻʶϺڡ
ó֮䣬ӦйٴĦڡ
һͻҩζʮ㡣
ٺЦһ˵˸ҽװ۵ĻСӰɣҵĶﻹȱҽСøңô
ʲô˼̹ɫһ³ȥ
ȻˣֱǶ衣
ȻЦʲô˼Ҳ˵úǵĶʵѾ㶥ˣʶĻӦöô㲻һѵĳԱӣСѡǿĶ飬ɣ
̹ɫ׺ˣΪĴսʵھҪϺгһ
ҹԼλܻǵĶ飡
ǿɲһ˵ţСֵܣԸǵĶ飬ʱԴֵĿ϶̹߶࣬Ҷһ𣬾ʧܣҲһˣ
ûȤһ仰ɫ˲ʧ
ϺֵģʵҲǺ̹һǿߡ
һʵ˵΢СԾܾɫÿȥ
СӣΪҽֻЩвĶ飬ȫ޲̰ɱˣСĵ㣬ü̫
һݻﳤȥ
˵гϵĸǶ̹Ķ黢
ΪЩУ̹һҲ̹ͻƿڡ
ʵ൱ǿԼʵ
ЩĶӳ£ֻγ֮졣
һҲ⣬гôֶ飬вļڡ
ģڣû˵һë̹ĵϴͷ
ӣЦ٩ӳ㿴һ㵣ĵһһǲǰԼϵͳҽиˣԲһ첻¡زµӡ
Ȼӣ仰ȫβ²⣬ѾȻе㿿ס
Ϊݵݵʣȷʵʵ̫ƥˡ
ɲЩôλϿʼĿ
ܿ죬̹Ҳ˯״̬
гϵĶһ֣Լʱ˯ԼʱرΣյʱ
˳һж̹͸Ӧˡ
Ҫȥ̹һ䡣
ҲǺĴ
̹һҪŹȥʱӣԸµҸȥɣҲҪϲ
Сĵ㡣̹˵ͷ
ӣ֣̹ǳġ




1879¡Ʒ
 

ֻӣһ˱ϲ̹Ϊ㹻ˡ
Ͼûԭ֮ǰ˭Ҳǣοǵ̹ͷ
߰ɡӣ˳һۣȥ
ӣһ𣬼ߵϲλʱȴ֣߰˸ˣһһӵġ
֧飬ҲİˣΪӳǸĳѩŮ
ǳֻ˵ɿ򿪲žҪȥ
ʱļԱеһãǹȥ
˵ƿӣ⼸гԱӣɫ뿫͡
ӣɫһڣɱһţֻǶ⼸˵֡
⼸˴߹ȥʱӣ֣Ѿˡ
ߣĳСӣѵŮʿ𣿡ӣƲ½ӵ
עǣӣҲˡ
һպҲ棬ֻվڲſڵȳ
ԸСŮղŵע׼͵ϣһʱ侹ûʲôԾĵط
˿̣ȥĲֹгһˣ
гӣעתơ͵͵ı
һķǳƷＷխгϱ鲢ûʲôر仯
ʵֹ뿴ʲôͼ
С˧磬ּˡ仰һ˿һ˿ɱ
һʱ־סס§ų֫ϥǶڳĴȺϣʱҪóء
ѱɱУȴЦһҶһֿɱİ취Ŷ
㵽ʲôʵ
۲ţѹȻǵĶ鰡ҽôôð㽻أ
Ͳ̹ɱ㣿
仰һñһЦ
£ҵȻ£㲻ùҵĶ飬ֻҪԭ֮Ҫʱʱ֣˵ܼ򵥰ɣ
ǲ鷳ʲôô𣿡ٴһ⡣
ڳĵһ£óƤ̵ĸоûɱ㣬ĺô
㶯ְɡ
һηӣñһʱסˡ
Ϊв϶ӦҪ
û뵽Ȼ¡
˿ɾͺѶԸˡ
ǸϺͶԳɱġ
ӦûһַʽˣЦøʵ˵˵Ҫʲôôأ
˵ʲôֵûС˼ֱ׵˵
𣿡
ͻȻأ
ȷʵмֵҾܲס˵ĻǱջɹڱһаҽְԵ˫֮
һʱҪɱŮ˵Ʒһ㸺жûС
ΪֵŮǳʺаҽ˫֮ʵɹΪ϶ǿ
һ̣ɲ֪ˡа񡱵뷨Ҫ滹һӣ϶Ц޼ɵ
ұܲסˣûгҪĻ;ɣ
СгʼڱĶ˫֮
Źһӣеܲˡ
ʱӣڲԾ
֮ǰгһ·ϷѩХͳԶｻ̸ӣûǵĶԻ
ڳ˲ûӣ̲סŽеιһôϲôã
ӣֹͣӱڼȡĶ
˵ģ˫Ŀ룬ԳҡҡͷʾҪš
Ȼ뿪Ŷӣ˵ҪǼĻȥĲ
ǲ淢ʲô£쿪ţĻҰŸãӣԽԽоԾ
ղҪ·Ǹ棬һŮġ
ϸԺи֣ӣһ飬ǸŮĺܿܽڵĲˣ
һӣҪţ
ΪԼͳ˼Դ򲻹ӣһˡ
ҪǱӣ׽ڲޣֻ·һ
ô죿֮࣬ȥŵİ֡
һƣÿ֮ʱӣ㣬һ͵Ϯ˵иɵӣĿԣ
˵ʱʱ죬һ˲䣬ûü֣ӣҲûʲôͱ͵˽ٴιϡ
ССгŮһһľ뻹Ǹġ
ӣͱӣһ˲侪ˡ
ȻŭҪһ
һ̣ԼͻȻһѸʧһ˲ȵס
ӣͷȥֻѾϵҪѨλ




1880¡եɼֵ
 

аŵӣǰռʶ
ֻ룬ͰѾжǸѩָȻڻĹﶼû˻ᡣ
һ棬ӣ־ôˣôô
ֱڱסӣǲΪֱǿ
ΪǴ͵Ϯ
޳ܡɣӣʡ
Ӧֻһϡƽı顣
γϵ룬ɱ㣡ӣݺݵĿųҧв
ڳǰ桢ϰ΢΢¶Ƭǻ羰ıԭΪӣ֮󣬱ضɱ֣ͳҪ군ˡ
ȴû뵽ƾ룬ͰΪֵӣסԣȳǸѩҪ𺳡
ӣʧȥвһڴӣĻЦӣС㣬Ҫǳİγ룬ָսǸҪɱ
ߣҪһγ룬һúÿһ㣡ӣĶԳͱɱġ
ͱڲаĽףҲ˵̹ȻҪ
ҡҡͷЦӣ㻹ԼĴ
ҿ㲻ԼĴӣһ˫ŭɳһҳµĻ̹ӳϾͻ֪˵ôûȥѾ׼鿴ˣͽɣ
ӣ˷ŭڿеɱҲԽԽŨ
ʵӣ̹Ķ鶼Բںֻǿֽķϣѡ̹Ķˡ
г϶ȥԭԴֶ飬ƾһҽͿҸǿӼ롣
Ծڲɱӣ̹ϹҲν
ۼҪ֣ͻȻ뵽ʲôæеȵȣӣС㣬ѵûе͵Ҳôڲ𣿡
ôһ˵ӣɫһϡ
ȷʵôȥֻᱻֵЦ
ҲԳģΪӲߡ
ªƣˣӣһҧ۾һգȥһĵ
ʱͻȻԼһ¾Ȼ롣
ӣʱ߷߽ӣ㡢ԹŮǰ𣿡
Цһ
óһɫ֮ͽҲױɫջ
ӣȻĲһ㣬òȴ֮ϣɵóġ
ȷʵˣΪӣòΪӣ֣ԪȻڡ
Ҳ˵ӣΪ˫ޡ¯ļֵȱҪߵöࡣ
ӣܲ˵ΨһмֵĵطˡȻӣɺɫ֮ͽɴװףӣƬ⣬¶ɫԵ
ӣߵһ͸ˣԼֻܱװ׵ռˡ
߷ߵʱԸСŮͻȻ뵽Լʱɫ࣬ӵ̹
ҳͱѾսһˣּƷĵѩŮܶ˶Բ
Ͳųܶô
һ룬ӣҧгݺͳĿԵҿǩˮ׶춥סˣǸͶС㣿ǻСǩ˼ó𣿡
ӣ˵
Ϊܣӣ˵ҪݵĻֻ뵽񻰴˵ʥõı
С椣Ʋһжǹһ˿аȵЦ⣬ҹҾʶʲôһߣԶ
ͻȻеڴӣּĸ֣Ϊ
ǰǱԭԴԤھǷԴ޽ӽԲ硣
·϶ӣ˫¯˵ŮͻƵĹؼ㡣
ӣı飬ĻޱȣͻȻܺڣԼΪʲôҪ˵ֻ̼
ⲻԼø
ʼӣʩչԵаҽ˫֮ʱӣֵֿûС
һԵıڿ΢Ϣһ¡
տʼİӣӣһΪ֮ɫ֮ܿ˰ư͡ȴҵ̬ȣʹֲ档
ڱӣûʲôϧ֮飬ΪŮĶɱġ
ԳʩչַҲǳ򵥴ֱ
ΪЧҲõġ
ȴ˷һ׶Σӣ˸оˬ֮⣬ʵϲûеõʲôô
ӣӣѾʳ֪ζ֮ǰԳŭɱʧӰ١
ͱͬ뷨
Ȼʵ΢ǷͣҲ㲻쿴˳ɱͺˡ
ֻӣͱѳȴ֪ǵ¯׼եһмֵ




1881¡
 

ȡӣԪ֮󣬳ȷʵܵԼΪԵԲһˡ
ĻֻҪõԭǷԴԲӦò⡣
ӣоԼƶʱͻȻӦ߹һǸǳĸ֡
ֹͣ˶
ӣ˭棿̹
̹ʮӣӣû˳£߹鿴
ҡڡӣʶش
ش̫ãΪԼڲĻôͣ
Ȼ̹׷ʵأôû
ȿȣҲ档ֱԲĻش
ش̹ʼδӣͱȫˡ
𰡣
Ҫ̹ԾǿƿŵĻһоȫˣ
û뵽̹ĵĵһ뷨ǣԭӣⶫС椺һڰ
̹˽ӣΪˣŮȻƽʱͦãȴΪ䵭
ΪպöӣθڣӣϽˡ
Դˣ̹һĽ̰ɫ
ӣãվһ̵õ塣
Ҫ϶ĸ֣ӦúŮ뽻Ϊѱһ﷭
ǿƵ㣬滵ˡ̹ЦЦ߻Լλ
ʵ仰Ǳ̨ǣӣһ㣬ѳ滵ˡ
Ϊ̹УӣͳǿȲһģ϶Բ
̹仰ӣɫߺˣȻ̹Ѿȥ˿̵ӣýޱȻƣ
ȻϡͿͰԼĵһν˳ȥǽʶСʱˡ
ˣӣҲֻﰲοԼվֻһ
ͱӣгɹһҹ
̹û뵽ԭϵ׹ġѩٷǿսӻûʼսгһġ塱
ֻǳǿκӣˡǳĶ֡
ͨѱӣаҽ˫ƷΪͬʱҲԳٶ
ǾʲôǿȣܳܵסֶΡ
УĿǰҲֻǿܳܵˡ
ܽ侳Ļȫûˡ
ɫӣڴӲ߳
߻ԼĶ飬Ƿ׷׹ĵʵ㣬û°ɣ
ûû£ѾǸҽĳŵӦǶԱʱˡȻ˵
ʵȴڰȻһ϶㣬ֱ̫ˣ
ҪϢ죬ָܻܡ
ڶѾƶüƻڵһ֣ʱϢ
ӣصλ̹гԱͶ;Ŀ⡣
ȻǶ֪ӣڲ﷢ʲô飬ֻû뵽滹һѩŮѡ
ЩԱĿеľ棬Ϊ
̹ĴָˣһϾȻûһ
ɵ뵽ҽĳҩȥ
ѵƵҩ
ȱαԭ֮ս󣬿ԿǻؽһЩ
ԱҲƵ뷨һҹıǶԻ˵Ŀ
ӣһʲô˵
Ϊ̫ˣ
ԭѾȻ޴档
ֻеȱԭ֮սɱ˳ϴˢݳ衣
Ҫɱ˳ӣ־᲻á
ôõֻһϣԶԶ治
ӣֻѹסɱģװһŮӣĽһȣȫһˡ
̹ӣɫסЦ⣬µ˵вСʱǼִﰢ̩ǣס֮󣬲Ҫκ˽ӴҪĸַͻ
вٹٷսפڻȷж֧ٷսѾǰͨ˹ӣ±Сġ
ԱȫصĵͷӦ
޵Եŵ̹ﶼ棬ǵʵ̹ȻӦС
ֻгһĲΪȻ˶ַӦѾϰˡ
ʮӺ󣬸ִֶﰢ̩ǻվ
һվ̹Ĵˡ
ԣֻܺԱվתơ
̹˲һӣҵҪҵˡ
һݡؤˣκ˵һֻɻվ˺ȴ￴һ˿
Ҫ鱨Ѽȫ𣿡̹ʵ
ûлش𣬶һָ
̹˼ӶͳһöӲӵĽҡ
˽ӹҧ֮¶һ˿ϲ֮ɫ




1882¡ԭ
 

öҺ죬̻ԼڸʱʽĽҡ
һȫͨõĻңһöҼֵһ
˺ˣһ鱨Ҫȡһ𣬼۸ǳߡ
úܲ
һǴðΣգڸǿƼİ̩̽鱨֪жٴΣա
˼Ҵ⸱ҲΪ˲עĿ
ü۸׵Ļ̹Ͱ˸ɱˡ
ң˿һۣȻѹ̵ĵ̹˵֪鱨ٷսѾ½ǰͨ˹Ӹҷ˲ĦйģһǻĶ׹˫ˣûսһִԴֵصѩĹٷսӣѩӲûдǷԴ˵޴ҶʱҲӦԷ
Ȼϡ̹˵ͷ
׹ĺѩǿٷսӣ϶ȵִͨ˹ӡ
ѩ֮ԵһΪǱԭкܴһ־ѩڣѩٷսӵս֮׹ͻǰͷִҲ
ĺ׹ٷսӷͻҲ̹֮ڡ
ΪǴʷ顣
鱨˵ѩ޷Դ̹Է
紫һǷԴôôߵġ
ԴĿƿͽ˻ȥоˡ
ҲֽԳ˵Ǻϡ
ֻ˼˵ڶ鱨ٷȻԱԴӣǳ˻֮⣬Ҳûɳȫ֣ΪΪֵ
Ҳ˵θٷսĵʵ׹ǿ̹΢΢졣
ҡҡͷ˵׹ֻɳһֹٷ֣ʵͱȻǿˣѩҲһ
Ҿ˵ɣĶֵˮƽʵûôϾǹٷǿа棬ʲôˡս񡱣ҿλĹٷսҪڱԭϳԱ񡣡̹˵Լжϡ
ԱߵӸְͿ˸͵аۺսһӦҲȲ׹ѩĹٷսӣʵǱģʵˮƽ˭֪ô
ʲôսҲ֪аǼһͦġʱһֱĬӣͻȻڵ
˼˵仰ӣҲˡ
ϾԼҵĸָձаѪϴΪ˵ӣϿа۵ʵ
˵еӣ˵ǲǾǶ孱а۴ˣǣСû£һ죬Ҫа۴۷䣡
һԵĳЦ
ⶫСͱºüˣڻԲѵ˵ֻʮֵ档
˿ɲӣֶߣ̹˵鱨֮󣬶˵ת뿪ܿûڻվ˺档
ӳǴڰ̩ȴʱǣһԱʵ
̹ܼǰͨ˹ӣȿĿĵأǻսϢٶҲԽ졢Խףû˻ɣ
ȻûУ
õԱǵĻش̹ĵͷһӣ
ӸӵǱԭʲôͨ߶ʹǹٷսӣԭ󶼵ͽǰС
һ죬֧˽˶顢ŹٷսһԭֻΪǲ֪ΪԴ
ֳ棬е16ͣŷ˿ٴ󺽺ʱŷ޴ǰصĶѰԽ𣬶Ϊδ֪ıضԸðΣա
һ׼Դÿһ֧飬Ǹˣڱԭн磬ٶȷǳ졣
̹ӽٷս֧֮˽˶ͷ֮һ
ԭ̹ܵĳ֮ϡ
û뵽ûήңڱԭϱУȻһ㶼
ȻԶ˵ʲô
˶ԳĿ࿴
ֻӣðҧɫĺ
һڵöеˣԼȻһ¶ûУѵǷ츳
պ󻹵ö໨Щʱ䡣
ӣţƵĺͳƴٶȡ
ûиƴٶȵ˼һ߱Уһ߹۲űԭϵĻ
Բ׵ǧڣĶǸ֣ࡢԼ׾ĵطǱĶ顣
֪Լʵܶ飬ֻܸ̹ߣսܼ򵥣Ǿǡְ֮ʵǿĶٴˡ
ȻսĳɹʷǳͣһкܶС鱧źһ뷨
ԱҲûһҪǷԴһƲԣ룬ѵԲˡ
̹ⱴĶǣȫעҲסǲеһ֧ǿӡϡ
Ҳܵӵĵ⣬ͻȻ΢΢һݣȻ߿ˣ




1883¡Ŀ
 

ע⣬ǿ̸̹λԱѵ
׵ľ˵˵ԶԶ
ǱԭĵΣǴƽּ̹ȱĻȻľš
Щΰ͹ƽ˸鲢ȫõ˴ˣֻӦǿĸ֣жϼľ롣
Ҳнġ
ÿ֧֮䣬ᱣϵľ롣
֧ľڣǾʱܷͻ
Ķڼ̹Ķ鿿
ǿҲӦһ㡣
ЩǿӴſϷ̬ȻҲ̹⳯Ķ鿿
ֻбĶʼպ̹ӱ׵ľ롣
̹ɫ
һ뷨ǾǳŻûֵͨ˹ϣȰ֧ǿӸˡ
ٷǿ鶼һס
ӳɫͿҲüͷӳȫǹٷ鶼ͨ˹ӺԶѵЩ˾׼ˣ
ߣǸﶯ֣ǾʮʮĴ̹һǽ䱸㣬һпǸһĹȽǣ
ҪҪҸͻΧΨһһ˶Ա
ΪΧĶԽԽӽˡ
ûж˼ʱ䡣
̹ҡҡͷͻΧûã̫ˣҲ̫ǱΧ֣ÿ֧ռĿ궼ԴҾͲİ
仰˵꣬ѾӽΣվ룬Ҳڡ
鿿֮󣬶ֻά֮⣬ûһĶ
̹ļԱһЩ鲢ΧǣǹϷġ
ǲȫɾ裬Ϊܿһս
̹һǰǼĶͬʱһƬ֡
ƬӺܾܿǵĽսص㡣
̹֮ȫԱǿ׳ĺ
̹һ̸ʵǴ𣿾Ȼǿս
˭˵ҪǿսˣٺһЦȻƳ˳һۣСӵġ
仰һ̹˰ĿͶ
ԭȻΪ˳ǵڶˡ
ҽļֵѵߵϧôķգ׼ٴκǵĶ鷢ͻ
̹ӣ־ٶܴ
ΪܻܿΪһСʧ
ǽս϶ᵼ±ϵͨ˹ϣһʧȻǾÿһȱˡ
̹ĶԻ֧ڰͣ
̹̲סһ䣺ԼвҽƳԱͶҶģٸһΣҪΣ
㲻뽻˵ĻǾͱˣֻ߸ˣСӳҽϾǷԺԲƣʮˣԭĵڶֱɱˣһսһʤ𣿡˵꣬¶һЦ
ϺƺԳ־ڱصá
ҲڿΪʲôðôķգҪйȥˡ
ûϸ۲һϾȻһˣڼʱܷ
ŻֵôС
в̹Ȼúܼ֣ûˣȻҪսҾƴݣ㵽ʱӮˣҲûʵȥԴɣ
㣡ɫһڣɱŭ⽻֯˸
ȷʵûаڱʵ£̹Ķ顣
ֲָӣ̹һȷʵֵܲá
õȫûа취
̽һ̹ӵĳԱʵжǿ
Լ߸Աǹȥ̽̽ס
̹Ȼ붯֣һ䣬Ȼ԰Ϳǵģǣ
˵֮Ŀĵطɱȥ
ڱԭϸһСʱ·߲֮һ·̣̹ôԸ˷ʱģ
ҴҶǸ֣Ҳѵ㻹κεҲɣ
̹ûʲôֻǸڴ󲿶Ӻͷ·
ӣͳ籼Уųһɫ뵽ͣﲻӲˣ㻹һ̱ͻװƣͷҪС㱣
ţӣûĶԳȵιϾͱǿҿɲϣô磡
ڹ𣿡תͷЦЦķʵ
ӣһʱһǲ£㻹Ϊڹ㣿ߣĳ𣬱Сɻûأ




1884¡ٷ
 

ʵҲ̫Ϊ˵һֵ˵ʱ΢΢
ȻַܰԵȷʵûӣͱեɣŮ·߲Ҳǵˡ
仰ӣֱҧں޲ó׷Ӹָɱˡ
Ϊ˱ʵӣֲò
ʮֱ
Լ˸ˬ컹Ҫ䵱ڣⱲӾûܹ
ٺ˵Ȱͷˣ㲻˵Ҳܸˡӣݺݵвһ䣬óһӣСڳȻһ¡
ֻ΢΢һЦ·ȥӣ
Ӹ׷ᣬЩ£ϧٶҲҪ׷
̹ӳԱòһһ߸Ӹֽ֡
ӣһһ֣
̹һպһȭ
жȻŤӵһֱһȭУ˲ѣһҽˤڵأһƬѩ׵ıԭϱȾһ䴥ĿĵѪ
û뵽̹һȭһ֣ĿһֻսԱһϣֻԼһսµԱѹ
ӵ׷£̹ӲûзŲ
Ϊ̹óԱǶñ˵
ӣһֱڳ󣬽ΧӸλˡ
ӣӣԱһʱҲڱɱҲó֡
飬Ȳѣȥ
Ҳǳ̹ӵԭ
·ֶ鷢ͻʱ˰ţòġ
̹ܹ˭Щ˶ɶʵأ
֧սߣԼ֮󣬾Ҫ뿪ֵķΧ
ʱһ֧µĶ߿
Լûк̹֣ǷЩҪ̵顣
̹Ӵô֣ôҰһ˹
ֹ̹ˣԲڼ˶ü
̹󶥼ɫһ
ͷ߹գһôҲһ֣ӰͿɫͬܲÿ
ΪնӺǶһǷǹٷǿӡ
Ȼǿӽ֣ռˡ
Ϳ˵յʱѾһϰû·Ľ׳ˡ
ʮȵĻ´ɼ˵жôǿ
ǰͿ˿еġͷߡա
߰˸ˣ̹Ӻӽսĳ棬˵˹
ֹ̺գʲô
˵̹иҽСӰɣôҽֵһѣ˵ţһӣ߰˸̹߳
վͺһںѹ
̹״ɫڵ˼㡣
ûĿĵؾͱͬһ֧ǿΧǼƻϲϱ仯
ֻȫԱٶ£ùնĸָ
ԱѾӵĸֲסˣٶٿҲ첻ȥ
ʮ룬նӸѾ
һΣӣܵĸΧѹ·ʿȫó˫һӣǼ쵶⣬ǹѩ⡣
ӣһζ
ӣʩչһʱ侪ȫ
ǳŮ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ӣᣬͽˮƽ츳ȫڣԭһ֮¡
ʱգҪһλˣ
ӣܷɳˮƽҪᡣ
һڸ־޹󣬼Χ̹ӡ
ӣȻһĻΪ
˿̹ͰͿ˶ֲ
ǳһ䣺ҪҪҰæ
ǵʵôæҺȾˣӣս֮ʣ޵ķҡ
ЦЦֻҪһ䣬Ҿа취㡣
룡˿ӣըˡ
һҪˣô˼˵Ҫֻģ
ۿӣҪһֵʽУҲ˵ڵ֮Уһ΢ɼ롣
ӴǸֲһᣬУ̵أ˲
ӣ֮£˳һֻۣﻹ롣
͵Ϯ
û뵽һ͵ϮɹֻǶ󻻳˱ˡ
ߣ޳͵Ϯıµ϶⣬ĸʲôʱô޳ܵˣȻΪԭѹ⣬ӣ̲סһ䡣
ûлӦǼ룬ٷУ
Щ̹ӳԱֵĸ֣ûһܷס룬ܿ죬ѩϵһ߾ʬ塣
͹նôסˡ
ô뵽̹ΧģȻǶҽƳԱ




1885¡õԤ
 

ѵǴ˵еĻİ֮࣬书ֶΡ
аֹǷʤ
Թô꣬Ӳ̤㻪һ
һʵԲˮƽϵĻҽȻһôİַҪרްģǵʲôز
һ֣ڳĶֶסˡ
ʵʩչֶΣѾһַǳ͵ַ
Ϊɱˣ˷ڵ
Ը档
ҳõͨ룬൱һ׷ĸ룬ȥһ㶼ۡ
һ̣͹նĸ֣ȫ̹ӷһʤ
ھ͹֣Ҳ첻ذơ
˸նһۣͬʱһ뷨Ǿܣ
Ȼǲԭһðŷȥͨ˹Ż
ûжֳ֡
һԶܴ͹գҲǡ
˻ʲôвҲˡ
ⳡսĹ󣡡̹ϲɫ߹Գ˵
ûгʩչֶΣȷʵ׶༪١
ʱӣܲķƾʲôǣл˰һֻ͵Ϯ
Աĵ뷨ӣͬС졣
ǶԳķַǳ棬Ҳ˶ѡ
ӸղŵĳϿȫȫ͵ϮʵǵòǵϿɡ
ֻǲӣֱ׵˵
Ϊչ˳Աǵ̹ǺһЦӣһˣˣĹͲȳͣµĹͣҶǼţˣ·ɣ
ԴǵһҪ顣
ԱûһͣϢƬ̣ȫ̹󣬼ͣĸ·
·ϣӣ̲סʵιǰַѧģǻôİ򣿡
ôѧŮһۣЦķʵ
ӣ˭ѧˣҵӣһа򣬾ǻĵİʦүûã
Ŷôûסҵأ
һӣһ۾ͱͱǲĿĻסˣһʱﷴӦù
ߣҴ⣬´ٶ밵Ƿһٸ붼㲻ҵѨӣ֪Լ֮ͻȻǱַϵѨλ
Ļѧ˽ò࣬Ѩġ
ֻһοַôõĻĸ֡
磬ӣֺʵҽͰô֮ǰôûĸһˣǸʲôսԯսӦûٷսӰ
ûңªšڽĻӦһ䡣
ӣһʮֵĲ㵹˵˵
ʵҾǰܾǶ學ֵаۡͻȻһ˵
ӣһ㵣Ӧһ뷨ǳǲ
㣬аۣǻĵһôĻ̹Ķ鰡㴵ţҲҸû˵ģ
֪ӣţҲ׼͡
ӣòֵ˵αԭ֮սǵа۵ǲҹˣΪڹڱսԯսѹƣΪôٷ֣˰
ǰӣһ˵Ժð֮ǰͲʣΪʲôаûǱԭ
ôĳ棬аӦûմֲŶԡ
Ȼаûֻ̹ͬӣĲ²⡣
ԯսԭ򣬻ǹٷ̫ԭаվǲ
ֻ̹Լôû뵽ƼˣĻĵһ֡
гڣ̹Ӿ֧ǹٷǿģ
һԺһЩٷսӱһȣ
ӣĲ²⣬ֻЦ
˿ֻ˵а۲ǱԭֱЦЦ
ˣ׼ڸٷսǷԴ
Խͨ˹ӣڵѪҺԽзڵļ
Ĵս
֧ǹٷ飬ҪСʱʱ䣬ܸϵĿĵء
ʱͨ˹ϣѾۼ֧ٷ顣
ԯսĻսӣ׹ٷսӼͬһʱ䵽
֮ǰ̹ӴǸ鱨˵սӺ׹սӷĦʵֻ֧սӵСֶӷһս
Сֶνռһˡ
֮ԯսʮֵ⣬һ֡
ȫԱϢ
׹սСֶӶ򲻹ģ˵λսʵǿ
ԯս־֮ʱǧվȵ˵ҪУ׹սӵĴ󲿶Ӿʲôʵǻ
ʦͱ־ԼˣԯսǧĻʱе㲻ˬڰ̩ǵʱǾ͵õ鱨׹սӲеһǸɳּĹٷֹ
ǧҪȴֹ
鱨Ͽߵʵȷʵ߸ռơ
Դԭ֮һֲõԤС




1886¡쳣
 

ͨ˹Ӹפ⼸СʱǧһֱѹǹĪĲ֮С
ûиκ˵¡
Ψһ״سԪǲǧɫ
ԯսʦȰ棬سԪ¿ڵԯӳҾʦĻûΪϣ˭֪׹սӵ鱨ǲ
ԯսǧسԪʦͽһһأʱʮȤ
Ŀһ֧֮ʦӦ赲֮ƳԴֵصˣʱôηηţ
ţԯսսĺĸ֣еǰ
Ȼһĸһűԭͼ̯ڰںõϡ
ڱѩءХ֮УԯսָŵͼϱǵǸԴֵص㡣
ָƶ
Ŀǰڵλá
⣬⣬ֱ׹ѩٷսפλãǺǵľԼһǧҡ
Ŀǰǲ֪ѩԴֵ㳷ľԭ򣬵Կ϶ǷԴûô׵õ
׹սӰ׼׹ѩսӶûжʱ䣬ǵĴ󲿶ȥĵ㿴һ
ԯս˵ĵ㣬Դֵص㣬Ҳͨ˹ըĵش
ԯս˵ǧڵΪӦȵǵӴĵ㱨֮ٶ
Сʱ֮ǰԯսɳڶ֧ǰըĵ̽飬Ŀǰû
һصǧȻԸԯսŴ󲿶ȥĵðա
ԯսǧɫе㲻ÿˣʦѩӶȥĵˣʲôµģڵıԭһƬսսҪʲôռȻٷսӶڹǲôĵ㣬ʱսսҿǻսҲԴˣֱӴظˣ
ԯսƢ˵ĺĸֶЩΡ
ʵЩĸ֣ԯսӳĻǸǧ
ʱһٷֿڵԯӳʦ飬ʲôɰɣ
ԯս룬ûչʵЩķڷʱ򣬾ʱȸǧһӡ
ݶĵרҷԽͨ˹ըص㣬ʡʹųȵȻԽ쳣ҺͰרֹ̽ѩս֮ûдĵԴܿܵĵ쳣Ӱ졣
ǧ˵ţԱ߹۵һһۡ
˾ǻĵרңհס
ԯսȥĵ̽ʱðרҽӣһЩĵʯɳоҲѩ׹ԼٷսӣҲڷĵ㻷쳣ԭȫսӶפ㲻ǰ
ΪˣǸӦýһЩӻ˵
ǧⷬ˵꣬μ۵ȫ˵ͷʾͬ
رյ
ϾûǣһҪϧǷԴػġ
ǵõԴǰǣ֤ûԱ
Ȼսûкԯսһļɡ
άֵܾĺǣֻսĵλԶάܾǧһ仰ѹ
ԺĺܼУͲ̸ϵĵ㣬ֻܵԯս
ֻԯսɫ΢ʵǵӴоϣðרҷĵ㻷쳣ԭ򣬴Ҫʱ䣿
⣬˵Ŀȫתרҡ
רü룬һصĻشʣҲҪСʱĻпܻ߰˸Сʱϡ
ôãԯսüͷ꣬ٷսͶˣǻѩ׹ǷʱǺĵ϶ûʲô⣡
С
ǧ̷
ٷսӷĵ㻷쳣ԭֲ֪ǵķ飬Ҫǽĵ޷ӦԵô죿Ϊ±뱣ġ
أ
ԯսŭ̲סˣصӡ
ʦڵǶӳǶӳʱ̼סӳӵսվȨ
ԯսʮ꣬һɳ죬Ȩ۷壬ʢʱýǧĻ
ǧսӵ£Ҫ֤ǵİȫ
ԯսĻҪˡ
Ĺٷһ֣ôˮݵĵز
ڳȫĬ˭ҲվȰ
ˡǧͻȻ̾һԯսȻʶӽĵ㣬ǾͰ˵ɡ
ʦĵҪǵĵ㻷쳣Ļԯս仰żּζ
ڰǧسԪηηţ׽ըĵ㡣
ǧôúԯսƽϣȻҪһȥЩ󱲸ֳ¡




1887¡·
 

֧սڱԭʧҲǻĵʧ
ϾվģǻĹٷﾫӢеľӢκһˣǧеʹġ
ˣȻʦû׼Ϊⳡ۵ʤߣԯսĴһӣһ£ȫֿʼװ
ŻĹٷսӵĶٷսӲ󣬷׷׸ϡ
ΪԯսһߣսȫͲסˣԴսӶߡ
׹ѩսľģפͨ˹ըɵĻ쳣
ս֮ôʷԭġ
ǱԭԹ֮ء
ʯʱѾ˾ס
ַϱ֣Щַͻԭشƺĺ׵Ӷͷַкܶ๲ͬ㡣
ؿʼľͲ˹ȥǵţйξ˷֡
ݹԪǰġʬӡأвָ֮ľǧ겻ıԭ
֮⣬дƵ׼ػȶǵĿ֮á
Ϊ˵һη֣Ԫ岿¹ʱء
ĿãĶڱԭǰʱǰһɫ𣬰γ©״ͬһơ
ͬʱصͻȻһɾ޴˺֧顣
񾪺֮£ֻԭ
μغͨ˹ըĳ֮ͨ
ǧڳ֮ǰصõسԪ˻ǵĿףзš
ֻڳھԶûϸǧֻܼϣڰרܷ쳣ԭ
Ŵ󲿶ĵϵʱǧͰרҲۣ˶ڸϵĵĵһʱ䣬͵طĵ쳣
ͬʱ̹ǣڱԭϾСʱĳ;֮ڿ쵽ĵشˡ
·ڼ䣬̹öֶĸ֣ȥǰ̽顣
̽鼸̹֮ȵķ֣ǹٷǷǹٷĶ飬ȻûפĵΧȫĵȥ
ѵѾˣ̹ĵһ뷨
г۳սùٷսӽսȵһսٴŻԴ
ڿǹٷѾͲסˣǰͷ
ΪĽԼĶ
ӳҾ˵ǲõȰɣӣ̲סԹһ䡣
̹ԱǵǸڲǵǸʱߣȫٸ򣡡
õ̹ɣȫ˿ʼ٣
ӣ³ϣץסһֻ첲קǰɱ
ƿ첲ק˿ɲҪң
΢΢һЦӣֿԽʡһܡ
̹һˣڱԭϼɣԶԶȥͺֻطУٶʵ̫ˣ
̹ٵʱ׹ѩٷսҲʼ
֧󲿶ӣͻĹٷսӲбԴսеͷûֻҺԿ
Ȼ̹Ķɲɣн켣û׹ٷսϡ
̹һ֧ƼĴ󲿶ʱɫ̱ˣ
ӳ̹ʼǵһμ̹ɫأ˵ǽţ
Сģ״϶һ֧ٷӣǱһ£̹˵֮󣬰һùΪʲôʱйٷսûж
ҲΪ׹սӸոûж̹û˸Ӧõ
̹ĵһǣӦԷˣԷ϶ҲӦķλ
ô֧ٷսӻ᲻ǵɵ·ĵˣ˳·
һ̣̹ԼԤȻķˣ
׹ٷսӵĶӳΪ׵£һߴΰĽˡ
׵¸ոյսĵרҷ̶֮û뵽˺Ǿǧ׵ѩս֮⣬һ֧ǲС
Ը׵ǿĸӦֻ֧ܿ߸ˡ
ҳ˴ͷǸ֮⣬û۵ĸ֡
븥׵²еһ׹ʵ׵¶ӳǺֻ·Сˡ
ȻСϣǾ˳ɡ׵ĵ˶ֵ
֧Ϊ167˵׹ٷսУһ98һ101ˮ׼
׵ΪֹȥԸ֧ǹٷ飬´ࡣ
أǹȥһ·ϵСϡ
û⣡
ء˶һۣĵЦ
ԭ֮ǰһֱûûҹѵ
˱ԭ֮󣬵һʱͨ˹פһ·϶û˽֡
֮ǰͻսӷĦֲ֧Сֶͱﻵˡ
˶ĽغͰô˱ӳ
ֻءԸ׵µͷ󣬾̹ͬڵķ˹ȥ




1888¡Ѱ·
 

̹ӦǿϢ֧ٷսӣԼٶǿʱ𼫶Σյľס
ȫע⣬ʵ֮ܿܲµĸ֣Ҫɱǣ
̹˽ɱһʣΪԶԶ͸ܵ׹ٷֵĳɱ
̹˵˶Ӧõǿҵɱ
ҪսǱܿӰͿ˼̵ʵ
һ̣ݲ̹аԥ
ֻܲһս
̹˾ġ
ȻʼԱҺͰͿ˶Ըһ˶Ըһǿʯ棬ǽʱʩչ밵ַ
ûԹԵߵʯ档
ԭϵľʯǳ࣬ݿƿӵĿ죬ԶʱڣЩʯѾǵ񻹼ݹЩʯ
ÿһʯִָ󣬱˵ڵһˣڵһ֧Ӷ´ࡣ
ô죬ӣ̲סһٱġ
òϣӳŷǳȷ
пܳΪȡʤĹؼ㡣
֮Բ֣ΪѸӦǿ֣պú̹ƾС
Ͳܺ˶ˡ
ߵʯ棬غͰ׹ٷսӸ֣Ѿ̹ǵǰ
֪̹ܹ߸ˣһ϶ˣǶԴ˺ں
ΪغͰӦǸ֧ǹٷսġ
λѣҵĶ鲢ûкǽǴɱʲô˼̹΢ʵ
ڵ뷨ܲ־Ͳ֡
Ͼһ̫ǿˡ
ȻغͰ׼ش̹Ļ
˵ֻамԼ֮ɫ
أһ˭ɱ˶ɣͻȻЦ
һиҰް˷֮ɫðɱǸǿģ
һ䣬ͻȻһҵ磬̹
̹ɫ䣬תȭӭ
صһ죬̹ʮһѪ
ӣ˼ǿĶӳȻֻ˶ԷһȭѪˣÿĲɵһ
ǹٷսĸֱ֣ǿĿ£
̹һͰͿһء
ֻܰռƻֹٷ֡
ӣ˽Χ
˸˺ܿսһš
Ȼտʼս̹Ӳ·硣
ʵͺȵѹ̹ӣƺŪһ̹ӵζ
ȻҲΪ̹ÿˣԼĵɱУûƴȫ
Ⲣǳж̹Ϳɱоٷִƽûġ
ʮ룬̹ǻǲ׼ɱУõȥˣȡ룬ֱŰͺص弤ȥ
ۿͺؾҪܲУ̹ϲ֮£ӿ칥ơ
̹ʧˣͺرУȻ뷴ȥһ˵ļûС
ףɵ΢΢졣
룬ûйעֱӷȥû뵽Ȼ޷԰ͺص˺
׹ٷ֣ǿȺͷͬһ㡣
ڳ׼עʱͻȻоһˡ
תһԭǸսԭʱºһΧǵġͷߡա
Ǻ̹ͬķǹٷ֡
գе⣬һȻҸ
ŹϵЦ֪һ϶ǳ̹ڼսˡ
ϾնĳԱȫ֮¡
Сӣû˱ˣҿ㻹ô͵ϮЦţ
߱ʯڵ뼤ս֮У̹Ǹûֳߵ
ȻҲҪǹ֧Ԯ

³һ֡
ǿɱ
Ҫ뱣ʵ϶ɱ˹ա
Ĵսδʼܰ˷ֵط
СӣɱǰŵˣûкɱƥʵȻɱĻڵԳ޵ôܿǵΪʲôһʵͨˣɢ˿ֲɱ
˵ֻ˫еĺԽԽ財
СӣҪҳȻҵͣͻȻ⴦죬߶˼¡
͵һֱȭҹ
ȲҪͷȭͷ֮±һѪӡ
ǳֻԴһᣬͶ㿪˹־ڱصõһȭ
һȭڳľʯϣߴʮ׵ľʯ˲䱻Ұȥһӡ
롣ָһָ̧ŨŨ档
Ȼһָڹϡ
һӹպ͸
һָ̹ʵ൱Ķ֣ĵڵϣĿ
ڲԶһʯһָɱյһĻŴ㹻ȥȭͷ
ԭ̹￴ȥĻСҽȻǸʵ˱̬Ĺ




1889¡ӳʵ
 

һָɱգ֮ǰѳԼʱŻˣ
뵽Լ֮ǰһٶԳԿţĸǺ²ѡ
ԭ˼Ҳˣøּĸּƽ϶ѡ
뵽̹˸˱̬ĹӣȻһ㶼ûҲ֪Ľ̹Ǹֻ
óƺǺں̹Ķ飬ĳȫ׽͸ˡ
ҲϸǺηʥ˿ֻһͷǾӣӵԽԶԽã
ʲôܹǿʵԴҲˣСҪ
ܵͷһһת֮˳ȥڱԭϻΪһӰ
ţ
һ
ָٶȾҲɱˡ
ָֽ
Ȼ֮ǰвǲֵ˷һ
һ̸Ӧɱһţͨͨɵøûıӡ
ܵȫ֮ͣ˫ƳϥϣӴڴڵĴ
ֲεĸ֣ô̵ľʹǷǳ˼顣
ΪȷʵչֵʵŲˣ඼
һĻǡñԶԶ̹Ӻıײ
ĶǶܺ棬Ǻ̹ͬһĸ֣Ϊʲôᴭ
ѵǰиĸ֣
Ŀһ£̲סСʵû°ɣ
̹̹ǸСҽǹٷսӶӳĸ֣Ƕƭˣ˵仰ͬһӱԱ߳
һȻһͷɫͷڷҡ
ֱܳ׺ŷӦ
еĻСҽʴǵǸг
Ȼ˵ǹٷսӶӳĳ֣һ̣˼ͷҡ
ӳûɣһʵ
һ£ȻҡҡͷҲ֪
ҿǸӳ⣬ʼˣǸ˳ǳ֣ΪʲôҪ̹ﰡ˵ͨһͷͷǵķ
˶ͬС
ٷսӶӳʵʲô
һ˾Ϳѹ֧ǹٷ顣
Ӧø߸ϲŶԣ̹ǻһ
ʵǵ͹ʵˡ
һָɱգԶԶʵޡ
׼ȷһЩĻǳӳʤٷӳ
ҲǼ֧ٷǿӵĶӳܺᲢۡ
˵Ǽ٣ǰ϶бӵΣգӳҪҪ·
ѵĽ飬ٴҡͷΪ֪˵Ǽ٣ǲҪȥȷһ£ֻҪ־ԶԶĹ۲죬ͿǰΣգǼȻҪǷԴҪΣյġ
ĻĶ޷
ԽӽԭĵشΣյĸʾԽߣһֱ·ֻƳԭܱܿΣա
ûӼǰ
ͬʱɱ˹յĳӾʯƳ̹ˣ׹ٷսɹĸְѾսҪĹͷʱпܳ
ӣԽԽȥһˣôûٶȷ䰵
㻹æҪ𣿡ӣһһ񿪰ȭơ
һȭһ𣬷·һһһ¡
𼱣ˡӦһ䣬ָס롣
ͺزԼͬĿ˳һۣ˸ûѳ
ڳĹʼʩ˼ûС
Ͼղų룬ǵɲһ˿ˡ
Ȼμ룬ղŵİȫͬ
ָϵ룬Ѿע
΢֮ʱˡ
ݣ
΢ƿֱ֮򰬷ص塣
̹գ۾͵ֻϣ΢ɢ°صעܷ˺Ѿڴ
һ̣̹ĶУҲѵĶС
ͺأע͸룬ֱ࣡
Ǳ׹ٷϧģڵȻԶԶ޷ƥС
ϵڰڱ̴ͬʱҲڵ
أ
׹ս98101λ֣
̹ӣͰͿǣһʱסˡ
ۼ룬ǻΪRPG
Чʵ̫֮⡣
Ǹ֣̹̾ףΪʲôͺػᱬˡ
Ϊͺغ뼤սתʱ򱻳壬ҶҲ˵ͺǱԼ̫ǿġ




1890¡ʯ
 

ӣҲǺ̹һ뷨ʩչ󣬻Ƶ߹·ղŵսȫ޹һ⸱Ӹӣ
ղǲŵòҳˣȳ߹ӣʵ
Ȼ˵顣
ӣ̹˵ٷѾˣǼ·ɡ
š̹Ҳû˵ʲôⳡսĵһͼڳͷϣҪˡ
ʵ̹Ļһǲ֪뷨ǾǷԴ
ֻһ˴򲻹ֻ֣ѹס˽ģŵĵԼʱ㹦͵һˡ
һսĹʵǳݣûʱ䣬Ӷڸ˵ǷǳģԭͣӣԶԶ顣
ȫǰ̹һ£ͷĵ㱼йȥ
׹ٷսӵĴ󲿶ӣĵش
ӳ׵¼ͺػûвһ˿ɻ
ѵ˴򲻹֧ǹٷսӣ
ڸ׵¿ȫܵ顣
ûаգԲֻɰͺعȥ
׵¶ӳҿͺɱ˺пں͵ԱһŰ硢͸׵²ͬߵ׹˵
սӸӳ渱ָӹ٣и٣ʵֻڸ׵֮£ڶڶ
͵ȥ̸ǵְλ׵
˻֪ͺѾɱˡ
֪ͬģкϵ̹ӺͰؽսصıӡ
Ķ飬ǷھʯĹա
ǿʯһ޴󰼿֮ȫˡ
ǹյ𾪡
һԱ˹յʬ壬ֹǱһɱûжĴ򶷺ۼ
Ҳ˵̹Χգ¹
Ǳһɱģ
˵ķ֣ñļԱ֮ġ
ôǿĸ֣һɱǾִĵ㣬ʲô̵Ļ᣿
ֻȥڻҰˡ
ӳܱǸ˳ˣǱԭĴսԲġһгԱɫεĿڵ
ĿڣԱ׷ױ̬ԭ
ԼҲܺ£һ޴ţǾ˵Ǿ仰ǲģ
Ǹйһҹˣйٷӳʵ
ĻҲ˵жǷԴĿԡ
ôͿԼɫóһô
϶ǸɫˣԳΨһļֵɫ
뵽¶ģðΣȥĵҳ
ȻǶ˳ҲǿҾֿɡ
ЩѲûʲô˽˸飬˵仰ͺͼѷֵ
Ϊڶǿ졣
ԭԶԶ̹棬ĵ
Խԭĵ㣬оԽһ㲻õԤС
ֲõԤоʲôһʱ벻ͨ͸
ǧҲֹԤУĶһڸǣǧ𿿽ԭĵ㣡
ǧǳ޷˵ĵȥ
ʱţж鶼ִƬޱ޼ʼԭĵشҲͨ˹ϣǰͨ˹ըĺ
̹ǵͨ˹֮󣬷˺ı㡣
ֻȻ
óǣͨ˹ϲԶĵطһӣ
߲˵ˣֱǧף´Ӵ¿ܿһ
沢һ࣬ŸصĻ
Χһ޴ʯֱʣÿʯߴףȥͺһˡ
Щʯףϵͷͼڣ״纣󣬵û˻ʯϵͼڵɺ
ʯʯϵͼ֮󣬳ܵһبšءçϢ
ǺεȵĴȻΰЩľ
־Ǻεȵʯϵ̳һͼڣ
һ뷨ӳԺðЩʯΪʲôйɵĲӵܱߣͬػһ
ͳһ̹ǣվǰ֧飬ͬ뷨
ֻһ㲻ͬǾǳ˳֮⣬˸ܲʯĹϢ
ʱϵ齣Ȼ𶯡
˵Ǹ齣ϵӦ
ʱһȥʱƳȥ置ţ置ʮɽ˴˵еϹš
ʱɢĹϢͺǱԭϵʯһģһ
˵ϹϹŵĴС
ЩʯΧŵֲ֪ʲô




1891¡
 

޿ʲô㿴ӣȲǰȥ
̹ô鶼ǰԭ밴ȹһ¡
֧ȻûзĦͻȫĬı־룬վھ޿֮ǰƺڹ۲޿Ļ
̹Ҳûнסӣʶ޿ӿ
˾޿ӱԵ֮󣬳¿ȥֻ޿ӱһɵıţֻԼƺһƬɭּ֣ʯ͹𣬾֮ǰľʯһ
֮⣬޿Ҳˡ
޿ﳤһƬɭ֣Ѿ㹻øǸеޱȾ档
Ϊܶ˶²⣬޿ͨ˹ըµġ
ը󣬿ӦòڶֲĻ
ȴôߴĺľʵǲ˼飬ƴȻ漣
޿ӱԵ󣬸оشųʮ쳣Ǿ޿ĴųѾŤҵó
Ĵųʲô˺ɶص˺޷ԤƵġ
³ףΪʲôЩִ֮ûһȥ޿һ̽
޿δ֪ǿΣգиȴ
ʱͻȻһӢĴ뿪׼޿ӣ
ǵһ⴦޿ӵĹʿƿӣǱӾ棬뿪һ˵
ֻ˼ǿƿѾ7˽޿ӵ޿ӵ쳣ʺ棬ǲҪͼҳʲôأ
֮΢΢Ȼ
ԭǱվŵʮˣǷԴ֧ʿƿӳԱ
־ٺдžս뿪ۡ
۹ٷսӣǷǹٷսӣûһ֧ǡ
ʵ֧ʿƿѾܾˣΪԴ˭Ը뿪ԭأ
ðΣգǶȥ޿̽龿
ֻǸٷսȫǹٷҲ̽·
ǳסˡ
սǱߣԯսǧһֱڵ׹ѩսӵĶ
Ϊֻ֪֧սӣõרҺͿѧҷ˾޿ӵĻ쳣ԭ
ԯսڵ׹ѩսӸ̽·ԽԽǲͷ
սƺȥ͵פӻ׼ھ޿ӱԵ͡
ߣ߶Ϻ꣬ű˵ҲҵսӲͷԯս׵ץһãЩը
԰꣬вҲǧǲ
вõԤУȻͷսӶȥսӺαظ˵ȷ棿
Զĸ׵£ԼѩսӶӳ֮ǧʼ֧ǹٷѰҳӰ
ϢǧûзĴڡ
вҲʦѵǾɵţʲôҲԯսʮֵĲ͡
컪ʦԶǱԭӦú͸ٷսӺսһȻڸսǰԴع黪ģٹڣʱﵽ壬׸ǹаۣ
ڵĳ棬ȴԤеĲʮǧ
ԭҲˣĵǲŷԴǿֱģصľ޿档
ԯսоԼһǿȴʹϾʮֵıơ
ǧΪĻӦ׵º򲻿һֱģǳҪȥ޿ӣǸǺ棬׵ս
ʦǻսӵʵͷǿǸڸ׵ºǶĺ棬˿Ц
ԯս˵ţָָվھ޿ӱԵ顣
㿴ȫĸ˶٣սԺȫ綼֪飬ҿ϶ᳰЦֻ׹ѩսӺˣ
ǧ뷴ⲻӵ⣬ԯսȫĻᡣ
ʦٿ
ԯս˵ֿԼ̧ӰĹԱ
ӵĶӰʦҪǻսٹսǱԭḶ́ﶥʮȵϺĿ
ǧԯսĿ⿴ȥɫЩΡ
ԯսսҪӰʦ¼̣׼ŵ̨¼ƬȻһЩŵĻ϶ɾ
ǧǾԯս̫ˡ
ٷսӳ˳ʱһ£ԭ̶籣ܡ
Ͼٷֳ漰ܶڲ֪Ķܲȷ
ԯսҲȥ޿ӣһ飬ǾȵСʱ׵ºûжжǧ˵һеľߡ
Сʱ̫ˣУһСʱԯսֱӽȴʱѹ֮塣
ǾСʱǽá
ǧʱԯսּۻ
Сʱٶˣԯսǧ˵ȥתһӣԭϢСʱ
ǣһٶĹٷֵõԭ
ʵԯսһҲЩȲ
ҪҪһȥ޿ӿʱͻȻ֮䣬޿Ϸ⻬羵񷣬ǻֳ




1892¡
 

ǳվھ޿ӱԵ֣ɫտȥ
ֻһƬѤʵعâһƬâ޿ӷ
Ⲣ̫¹⣬񼫵صֵļ⣡
ӣΪģⱲӻǵһοĹâ̲ס۵һ˳Ǽ⣡Ư
Ǻ֮ܶԿһƬâ֮Ϊ֮죬ΪǶâǼô򵥣
һȻ󣬲ƾճ֡
Ѥùâʵ̫عˣЩη壬ĵȥ±Ƭâֵͷϡ
ȻҲâδ֪Σգû˼
âٶȿƺʵϲʮʱͿ쵽޿Ϸˡ
һĻĳ֣ǧɵǱԭ¼ļء
ʷϣǰǱԭĿԱҲпƵľ
ֻĿԱֻǵɫ⣬ʰ쵡
˾ʱء⡱Ѿ޿ӣȻ㲻ǰҲûΣԤס
ЩҪĸŰһ
ԭֻǼ⣬ֵֻʽȽر
ֻг΢΢üͷ
ؼ⸲Ǿ޿֮ĸо޿ĴųȻٶȷ˸ı䡣
øӵĸĪ⡣
󣬾ǳҲףԤʾʲô
ʱо齣ƣƺӵ궯ˡ
ȥ齣΢һ½ơ
ͬʱٷսӴĵרҡѧңüͷ̵޿ӻµ֮רǵɫɵøԻ
ĿѧңҲؼĳָһͷˮ
رѩ׹Ŀѧң֮ǰѾ޿ӻݣڼһ֣Щȫϡ
׹ٷӳ׵ԭϾĳŶڿѧҵĻ㱨֮еĵ֮ɫʧˣȡ֮䡣
ͬɫܿߣǾٶȼ޿ӻ
׵ºɳСӣȥ޿Ӳɼʯɳ顢Ҷоϵľٶע⡣
ԯսһЦܸлؼĳ֣ͷڰ಻סȡжˡ
Լļֱֱרȥɼϡ
ȵȣǧæֹ֮Ļ϶øΣգǲôרȥ
ʦûٷ鶼ѧ׵ºȥɼȥ̽飬ֲʧʲôԯսǧÿζǧ˵ҲԽԽ
ǧȰ裬ԯսɳСȥ̽顣
ôٷսӶȥ޿ӣ֧ǹٷսӵĸȫԾԾԡ
ӰͿ̹ʾӳҪҪҲȥ
ͷĴ󲿶Ӷûȥǲȿ̹ȡ˱ص
ԱҲû
һСӣСĴӱԵȥ޿ӣҪӵûѰСʱʱ䣬ѹסԼһʱȥ˼
Ϳѹס齣ˡ
ֻϹ׳һֱ齣ʱŷɳӡ
Сһ㵽ǲ⣬ѵ޿Ȥ
ͼƹͨһʱͻȻ˴к
ˣС˧磬ּˡ
ǸѩԸŮ˭
̹תȥֻһˣҡҷǷɧ߹
ûȳڻӦ̹üͷһʵҳʲô
̹ӳôҵĶѶѡ뿪ԭˣֻһˣѰǵıװ˵
̹Ϊû뵽Ѱ󱣻ģȻ˵Ǻ顣
ҵĶֻҪõˣ˭ṩ߰ɡ
վǱܿ԰ɡҲ̹ӣЦӯӯվڳԣͬʱĿһߵӣһۡ
ӣһԼƽĳ裬ͱгģڰͲѩŮԽԶԽá
ǿӱһһʽˣƺʹϳǿ϶ϲߵġ
ֻܰĿŻؾ޿ӡ
ȫûбӰ죬˿̵ӳ˸ӦȫעĸӦŸСȥ̽󣬾޿ӴųǷгµı仯
ϣų;޿ӴųųⷴӦ
ôȥЩ˵ڴųþ޿ӵĴųøӵĲȶп񱩵ļ
ʲôͻȻ˽




1893¡ƵķӦ
 

һ˲䣬ܶ˶־޿Ŀ˺Եı仯
ֻһǳɫڿӱС˷ȥ
ϸЩƺǾ޿ĺ
ΪʲôЩԼû˿öˡ
ǧҲףܹоһȥĺ̺Σգ
СģһȣԯսȥСӡ
ٷҲ׷ѡ
Щٶ̫ˣǧѵĻ󣬺ѾСӸֺͿѧҵı
˻
һ谭Ĵǵڡ
Сĸֻǿѧңý񶳽һ㡣
ˣǧһ
ֻӱϵˣһɫף֧Ųסһҽдӿӱϵȥ
޿ӱԵĸ飬ŸСˤɫܲÿ
޿ĻΣգ
ЩصĺȻܹ壬˶ֽ޷ץӱڡ
Ļ˭ȥ
Ǹ׵¡ּĸ֣ҲֱȵףҪץſӱȥ
һʱ䣬Ķӳȫ޲ߡ
˭Ҳ֪Ʈھ޿ɭϷЩɱжǿ
ĸֵܹãӳĿȥ
ڲ֪жû˸ա
ԯսˣϻֹصڡ
ǧʮʹģװʧ˺üٷԼĿѧҡ
ʦ¿ô찡޿ΣգѵֶֻܿˣͽسԪΪɥ
ǧҲΪ
ڵΣһ̤ȥ
ǧȷʵ˰ʦس뷨ȥ޿ѰνԴ֪Ҫʧǳֵá
ԯսԲ׷
ڸ۾ʱڰס齣ֻϹ׳档
̹ӣȵķ֣·棬ȻһëסȴĴָһС
СϳһԺںĴ۾ɷǿɰ
ʲô̹һľ档
ӣǿСŮıˣÿɰȻôɰĶ
ȿȣǻĵĹƳ档Ȼû˵ƵҲûбܻʲô
ĹƳ棿ʲô𣿡̹δ֪˽
ϾΨһҽϴŵĶʲôãӰ쵽Ŷӡ
ҡҡͷ׼ش⡣
ץסȥٶޱȣųգգ۾֮ڰд˸ȦȦȻһͷ޿ȥ
һ£̷Ӧڸ˵Լȥ޿ӣ
³ԥ޿ӵΣճ̶ȣѡֹ
ƺþ޿û̫Σգֻڸ˵֪ιΣա
ǿҵóѡһΣ
ϾΪ˻ԴðΣյ׼
¶ĺ󣬳һ¾޿ӡ
һһȥ޿ӵһĻΪ֮죡
̹ĶͱǸûӦȥˣ
ٿʱѾ˫ץſӱڣԾٶȼ졣
ǼһﲻҪˣ˿ȥĵһ뷨
ǧһǾóո˵ԸҲҪõԴ
ʦҸղûĻȥǸ˾а۳ԯսɫ粻
ڿСӱɱƾʲôҹһȥ
ǧشûǳ̫ˡ
ǧȻеĳ˼ԯսһΪԼ޵˲ɣûаۣҪˤھ޿Ҷе
ǧԻʱ򣬸ȫӿ޿ӱԵ뿴ȥ
ʱ
Ǹ˭ֲ
Ǹˣ˵ĸֶṦ˾õṦôɣ
Ѿˣ̹ǸСҽʲô˵СӲôȻһȥѵǱ̹ȥ̽·ģ
ܣ̹Ѷҽȥ
ΧЩ̹ʮֵ
֪ΪʲôͻȻһֻƳȥ޿ӣ
ΨһĽ;ǳˣ
ӣҧճųһһô
С˧磬ɵ£ģҲų󺰡
ǵĻȻˣͲܰ;ϡ
ǿֳˣ
һƬ𣬾޿γһĺųȥ
Щס˳Ƶһжܷλ
ǧٴһһȥסĳ嶯Ѿˣ




1894¡ӵ
 

˵ɴ۾һֲĺ
Ӧļ±ϮŲæһִֻڿӱϣһƹЮӻȥ
ЩֲȻɱΣȴͬһͨĺ磬˲ͱˡ
ڳı£Ҳûܵκ˺
֮䣬޿ӱԵ֮̾
˶һĿɿڴ
ûͿһǳɫһɢ
ֱ֣̫ǿˣ
̹ӣ˵𾪳̶ȸ˻ʶǸ
ޱȵ˷ܣѵԭ֮ǰ˵Ǿ仰ģ
ǹٷӳĸ֣
ԯսͬľ㵣ܿ췴ӦԭЩǲֵֻܵҪʵǿС
գǰ̽˺Σճ̶ȡ
ߣһöûСԯս־ϲתһڲǰʮģȥ
һԱյĹٷսǰʮģǶֵ֣캮ȫû⡣
ʣµؾС
ǧ֪ԯս˼̲סǰʮĸȥɣ档
ʦЩԶԶûеΣգ˵ǰʮǶǰʮĶû⣬ǰʮĸָȥѾܱˣɣ˷ʱˣԴһ˶ֻ̣йûй
˵仰ԯսһȣž޿£
ʮһͬȥ
ǧ۵سԪԪ档
ʦҪһȥسԪܼǺͳԯսͬĻ֣Ըڳԯս
ǧ˼ĨɱӵͰֻͬ⡣
ʦͽһͬ£׹ѩȸٷսӣԼ֧ǹٷʵŵĸ֣ͬӵ¾޿ӡ
һҴʹչ
̹ԼĶѣǶֻȥܱ֤ٷְٲ˵ȥĻҲֹ˳µӵףǾϡ
ȥƾʲôܣǸ˸˵
ʵֶܶһòǳЩûеĿ¡
Դ󲿷ָ֣ӽ˾޿
̹ҲһͿˡӣ̹һȥֻбԥ˼ѡ档
ȥʱ򣬳Ѿµλãˡ
µľǸٷսӵĶӳԼǧֺͶӳʵĸ֡
ܿ죬޿ӰƮĺֵıϮȥ
ԤϣǷ׷ָ񵲡
ǽ˵һĻˣ
̫ܶšΪǿĸָ֣񵲺ֱ۶ϣ
ЩϰĴǵڣ

һҽ𣬲֪ж˱ɱӵס
صʮĺ
ԭЩǷǳµģʵĸָ޷ֵ
ЩֺˣҪѾ֮ӣ
ϮٶȱٶҪö࣬һ˲ٸڷ
ٷսȥĸֻãԼûʵֿжӳæֵ
ԯսǧԷǿϢסʮ֡
ٶȣҲ˼
ԯսͫףһֻʣһССĺڵ㣬Ϳִӵˡ
ʦ㻤סǣȥ
һ䣬ԯսȡӼΣյʽѧųڿӱϲϵ䡣
һӺ󣬳ƺ˵˿ӵס
ǰһÿøߴľ
ƬԭʼɭУһ͹ľʯ
ƣȥǰСë΢Цʵ
֨
ƷһɰӦȻɭȥ
ƷɵٶȲղ磬ԵúСġ
Ӧ޿ɭִųӸĪ⣬ÿһҪı
һųɭִųⷴӦֽƺĹ
ֻɭߡ
ٶ֮󣬹ٷӳĸ־͸ˡ
ԯս׵ºʮٷսӶӳͬһʱء
ǿĲƺĳֹɣȥǹŹ֡
װŪʲôԯս˵һ䣬ûȹ۲һ
ֻɭ֣ûκΣգǶӳǿʼѧųĲߡ
֪·ͬʱ߶ȼУʱ޿̶ڵԼڴųɭִųͻ
ЩٷӳȻʵޱǿûоųġ
ԵһɭߵĶӳ׵ŲʱͷֲԾˡ
̡
ĿУһϸ΢ı졣




1895¡ٲά
 

Ծ
׵ֹͣŲ
ղܹޱĸӦȵȻĿĦ
ҲΪʲôղ̵ϸ΢
޿ӵĿȫͬ
·Ưһεըҩ
ֻҪһӣͿԽЩըҩ
νӣȻЩֵ
˸׵һ¾жϳˣ߽ɭֵĻͱεĿը
ԯսʮٷսӶӳǷӦ֮ˣһ¾̽
һʱȫֹɭ֮ǰ
ͿҪ׽ˡ
ԯս˼⣬ΪʲôܹȻ߽ȥ
ѵԽܵ쳣ųҲԽС
һ룬ԯսһΣϢԼһͨɭߡ
߳ͷĿըҩô򵥡
ƺ޿ӵÿռ䣬һεļ
ֻҪһͻܵμ
ԯսоεļøˡ
ʵȻų
ԯսڴų;޿ӵȻų⣬ƬռɣԲŻٲά衣
ԯսһ㣿
ļͼ˫ļһǧ꣬񣬿ƫƫûѧڴų֪ʶ
ۼǵľԽԽԶԯս̲סˣǿͻһεĿñȶԴ
¶ĺԯս˫âһϵϢԽԽǿңΪ׵ת
ţԯս߳ġ岽
ǰ岽ԯս˵ر
˼֣Լ߹μˡ
Ȼ߳ӳʮľ롣
ԯսͻμ׵µȹٷӳѧԯս
ʮʵĹٷӳһߣƬռĴųַ˱仯
һתĸԽ࣬ȻųųⷴӦҲԽǿҡ
ԯսߵʮһʱ򻹾ûʲôʮӳһʱպ̤ʮ
ʮļѳ̶ȣȻʮЩԯսѹڵء
ݣԯսĲɵñһֿڡ
Ӧ϶Щӳļ룬μ
˿̵ԯսоԼͬһɽߣʵ̫ˣ
Ҳ֪ʮӳ϶Ļ˳һ߽ɭ
ԸεĿѹһ
ÿһڵڼġ
Щٷӳȣζ̶̵·̿ҲҪ
Ҹ׵µ˸뿴鷢ˡ
֮ǰ̵ϸ΢죬žĿ
һεĿըƺ
ԯսеףͨ˹ըԭ
ǳƻԵĴը϶쳣йء
ԯսϾϸ룬ţͷϿʼȺ
Ϊٷӳĸ֣·һǳ顣
ƫƫʵķˡ
ԯսӳҲһ
ʱ߽ɭ棬뿪Ƭر쳣Ŀ
󼸲ҲߵòףΪʱʮӳѾʼˡ
ڳǰͷûĶ
Ƭصԭʼɭʱͷһۡ
ԯսʮٷӳҧţһǰʱ̲סһЦ⡣
ΪǰĳȷʵܻЩٷӳһ˵Уȴ˳ԱȷʵǳЦ
Цԯսѻʲô˶һռˣ
˵ûУȫԿѹ
ԯս˫ðĵǶԯս֣սһͲˣ
㣡ԯս⻰Щը
޲׷ϳһȭ
˵껰˲ʧ
ûȤʮٷӳһɭ֮УʼѰԴڡ
ԭʼɭһϵʯ
һָоЩʯƺĳϹ󷨡
ֻлĵ޷߲Ŷò󷨣ǣѵǵԶҲò
Щʯÿһشνƶ󷨣
Զ񻰵Ĵ˵ģϹʱνס֮Ĵڣ˵ҲĳЩϹŴߣܹƾƶʯҶ󷨣ЩʯйɵĲƬԭʼɭ˵ͨˡ
һ룬ߵ˼㡣
Ƭɭпܻ˯ĳЩϵĶ
ɲ뱻ĳͻȻֵϹŴܣһ
ɭС߶ֻܼϣûˣĴȥԴ
˴ԼӺ󣬳һʯ֮ǰ
ֻʯ棬Ҳ;޿ӱԵʯһصĴͷͼڡ




1896¡ͼ
 

ͷͼڣƺ񿴵Ƶģ˫ںĴ۾ǵ⡣
Сһ㲻˵ǰͼϵĹɣ٩һ䡣
û뵽ƾȻתͷĶ˵ͷ
֪òֻСƳ棬ϾͼϵĴͷϲڵ
ֹȴ֪ж׶
ƹʯɭߡ
ͬʱԯսʮٷӳͨǶѹǳǿ·ˡ
ǳ֮⣬ըŪΪǱЩӳ·ѿһӡ
ԯսսۣͷѿˡ
߽ɭʱĸ飬Ҳأִӵס
ǧسԪͺŻսӵĶʮִ֣ӵ׺ÿ׼߽ɭֵԯս
ԯӳôʵ
ԯսתһǧǣӦ쳣ʦسԪ֮⣬˲Ҫ
ֻ˵˸ԯսΪѾ㹻
ʱ볰һٷսӵĶӳ
ΪսӲսԴ˴αԭ֮սǳӣÿ֧սӣӳĸֻһ
׹սӾֻжӳ׵£ӳ٣ͬ
ѩֻˡ
һԱȣսӳֻȶӳһĺسԪʵ൱һЩСսӵĶӳ
ԯսΪԴսսӽʤߡ
ȻлһɿأǾǳ
ԯսǧسԪͺһɭַߣҲſεľһǰС
̹ӣٷֶߵôÿһ죬Ǹӵûס
ô߹ȥģӣͻȻ뵽⡣
̹Ҳ֣ѵĶԳˣСӵ˶ʵ
ǽȥɭҳ֪ˡӣһ䣬һȵĽ쳣Χڡ
һչˡ
ֻεľ¿ѹ˶㡣
֪жٲĸ֣ѹ壬״ʮҡ
ǧسԪͺ·̣ԯսǰ
ԯսѾȵе㲻ͷˣɭʮӣǱֶ룬ߣ
ǧҪ˵Щʲô룬ĬĬԯսһɭ֮С
ʱɭĳһЩľ
ɭϷļԽԽˣƬӰԭʼɭֵĴų
ɭеһʯ·һ㣬ܸһʯͼڳצĸо
ָо˺ܲ
Ҳˣҷ̫ԶǾڳǰɶ
ͻȻ֮䣬ļʯǷһľĺ
𣡺𣡺𣡡
ɵüͷ

ĵһжϡ
ΪƬΧ֮󣬲ûпʲô޳֡
ôЩµĺʲôģ
첽߳ΧʯΧ֮ʱۿʯϵĴͷͼڣûʵ壬ʯ
һݣƸղŸ˵ԼЩͷ󣬾ģ
һֻֻʯ񱼹ϸ룬׼ӦЩͷ
ʱ䣬һֻͷѾǰҪһͷײ
ֹ֪ж󣬳ԿݱܷâһͷײȻһڴͷϡ
أ
һԭʼɭԶԶԯսǶˡ
һƻдͷһʯмǰ
ͷĵòƺüףǲûˤ
ص壡죬û뵽ֻʯͷɵĹһƣȻûб顣
ŵһֻͷһĵһֻͷ֮ײ
Ųæ˫ƹЮֻͷĻȥ
أ
ֻͷֱ˳һƣһγǵţȡ˳ϵЧ
ֻͷԴѣ
ԴһѣҲѳһʯ飬Ĺ׳
ʣһֻͷ󣬱«Դѿ
ʰֻ֮󣬳ٿΧĸʯĴͷͼȫʧֻһǳǳĿӡ
һγȷϣɭеһʯĳϹ󷨡
ֻҪﵽĳ󷨾ͻἤ
󷨵ǺֲܿʰֻͷûĶܡ
ƣǴ߽˵İΧȦļһѶ㵽еƣЦһ䡣
˫ڱʯĴ۾Ͱ͵ģƺǳί
Ȼ๾Ĳ֪˵Щʲô




1897¡
 

˵ߵض󷨣
ͨһ¾ˡ
ðɣҾһΡ
װʮˡ
õƣ۾չ·
һ·룬ִ󷨡
ֻͷ֮󣬳ǰȻ޾ʯ󷨣ȥɲǰ취Ҫľ
ƣǻжԶܵյأ
ڳ⣬ûиȷĻش
ֻڰתһȦֿʼ·ˡ
ֻøƼߡ
Ĵ󷨡ֻͷ󣬳ڼ˲һĳ
Ѿ޿ӱԵǳԶˣɭֵ㣬ڿʼɭֵĺ
ųϸ΢仯ܵ÷ǳ
ɭֺɢΣϢҪǿҡ
ȻƼѾǳϻкܶطûа취ȫ̽
޿ɭ֣֮һ
֧ĸ֣ɭ֮ǰͳǧˣ
ĳܵǿҵΣϢһǰУĵҲûʮʮİա
ǺԶŴڹƴ·ῼǷߡ
ɭֺ֮ӣȻ֣ǰľڴԼԼԿĳָߴ
ǳӿŲ֮ǰڿ彨ȫò
Ȼһɾʯɵĸ̳
ʯ̳˹ۼǳԣ̺ŹϵϢ˳²ܿ
׼߽һ£ĽͻȻ
ͷȥȻһѺɫĹͷ
ϵЩǣȫģĳֲ֪Ұޡ
аϢӹͷϴóòܿŲ
ٿʯ̳һʯҲһǣ֪Զˡ
ʯ̳ϵǺɫĺۼͬսһ㣬ֺɺԵѪҺͬɢаϢ
óԽԽ裬ĵǹɲԤҲԽԽǿң
Ȼǰûʯ̳ȴܲµóʯ̳пļ̳
ĳʯϵĴͷͼںܾܿݵ
Щ̳ǱԭԶʱڳֵͷʯ̳
ֻǧȥʯ̳аϢȻڣʯȻܹǺܲ
ȴ֪ɭ֮Ужٸļ̳
̳˵ļΣոоǲ֪Ӻζ
ڳԺи֡
ڳϸһ¼̳ʱɭϷеļ⣬ͻȻɫʱˣð
ʯϵĺɫѪۣƺϼңӦȻ΢⣬ƺҪɺ״̬
һĻ˫ͫΣյâ״
Ȼ֪̳ʲô仯ƾ֪ӦĳּаǿĶӼ̳г֣
ƾһ֮ͬٷ̳
³ﻹ֪ʲôҲ룬һ뿪̳
̳֮ܳ򣬴һͳҲ֪ĳֹ﷢ġ
׼ͷȥɲδ֪ǿԿ
һܳףͣ½Ų
Сһô£Űоδƣ֪Ϊʲôų
ߴﹾ˵һ
⽥һࡣ
ɭֺҵҪԴͱ̳ͨΪ̳϶ֹһ
Ǽ̳ΣգǳԤġ
ʱ»뿪뾡춨ᡣ
һ˼֮󣬳ٶȱüᶨ
Ǿ̽ɭ֡
Ǳı䷽ʽ
ʱȲȥԸ̳Ǳߵδ֪ͨɭֵĴų仯Լʯ󷨵Ĺɣƽɭֵܡ
ҲǳоųҶ˽⣬ľߡ
ȴΧ󷨹ְɡͷ󣬷Уˡ
ɭΧ˼ӣӦǰдϢ
붼Ҫ룬϶Ǹĸ֣Ѿɭ֡
ȻƾɭΧϣܽĸٵÿ
ٷǹٷԼ֧
ٷսӣÿһ֧һˣʮ֧вǧˡ
ǹٷ飬ÿ֧˵ʮ˲ȣȫԼǧˡ
Ҳ˵Ǳԭ޿֮ǰľǧˡ
ڽɭ֮ǰܶ־ͱ߿ϸɱˡ
սɭֵֻʮˡ
ŵ֮ǰܿ˼֡
ԯսǧسԪͺˡ
ԯս⣬Ϊô࣬Ȼˡ
ǧҲе֣ô
ɭΣգǰñȥǸǧһ䡣
ϾǧǻĵĹѫԪϣˣɾͲˡ
δǧӦԯսмЦΪҿԼɭ𣿡




1898¡
 

ԯսЦȫ⡣
ֻǧһ䣬ǧϳɳصԸӦûȥ
ԯսΪΪ£ɭ֣Գ˵á
˵ԯսΪԸɭֺ󱻼̳ϵδ֪ɱˣøĸֵʾ
ԯսһۣɭΧߡ
Ŀͳ뿪ԯսסԳֵĳ嶯
Ϊ˵ʱﲢǺͳսĺ̨
ȶԴع黪֮ùٷƣȻͳԼսϽ֮ۡ
ʦѵҪ뿪ɭˣسԪǲţа۳Ը񣬾Ȼɭߡ
޷⡣
ǧҡҡͷ뿪ɭ֣Ȼղ˵Ǿ˵ɭĴŶӦΣգǱؿһ£ǲҪ̽ɭ֡
ʦò˳ĻɣԯսʮֺЦСֻһˣɭΣӦ£ǿĸˣҵʵڳ֮£ʲôµģ
ǧԯս˵Ҳûĸ˼ʵȳһǿ̫ˡ
һɭΣնȫˣôĸ˸û⡣
ǧȰԯսľ
ܿصʼɭֵĵص㡣
￴˺ܶˣо̹ӣͰͿˣʶˡ
⻹кܶΧ߹Ƕδڿѹ·̡
Щֿ֣졣
ΪʲôһɭֵĻĸ֣ˣ
̹ٴμĿѾȫһ
һ̹֮ڵûʵݸң㵽ʲôˣ
һʣӣͰͿ˶סӣ˵Ĵ𰸡
̹ûаɵˣҲѡ
̹Ͼ·ûʲôľ͵ִ޿ӣԳΪһ̣ûʲôġ
΢΢һЦ̹˵ǻĵаۣ𣿡
ʲôаۣ̹ʱˡ
ӣͰͿҲһ֮ɫ
ǵĵһӦǣаۣ
˵еĻĵһ֣ôܻǵĶ飿
˵ԼݵʱվΧЩ֣ҲǷǳԾ
һֱڲǻĵĸ֣˭Ҳûѳа۵ϵһ
Ͼаÿγ֣ɳһ춯صĴ¡
ǰʵ޻˵Ǹֶûš
ӣɫӵ˵ٴţҲаۣ
Ų㡣м֮׵ĶŮ׼͡
ӣ಻аۣɱġ
شӣɫӸˣ㲻аۣҵаۣһʲôȥ季
еЦãȻӣа۵ĸ֮ĺأΪѧһѩǰܡ
̹ɭΣճ̶ȣǿӦ˵ģĻ뿪ɡ
˵仰߹̹ߣɭΧһʯȥ
̹ٴδһ¡
׼ĻҲԸųаۡ
ȻߵˣܷԴ
ųʧУΧһڸȫ˷ܵ
ǹȥΧϣֲô뿪޿ӣȫԹȺڡ
˵Լа֮Щַ׷ۣ˵ģôĵа۲ǲǱԭֻ˼µ͵ѡ
аۻǹһжݵͰϴа۵
кϷˣ֪ǸԳսĻµһԯս᲻а۴أ
孺͸׹Ĺ׹ٷӳ׵£᲻ﶫ學𣿡
аһܲܶɭԴ
ЩǸ⡣
һЩϾ޿ӱԵ󣬺ܿ죬صҲ֪Ǹֺܿа۵Ϣ
Ǿ޿ӱԵҲʼ
аμⳡԭ֮սˣ
˶ڴⳡսջʲôĽ
˫зŵĹԳаʱϵĽһ¡
а۵Ļа۳ң
ϣûƭˡ
û
а۳ֵϢܿ촫֧顣
ɭֱԵоʯĳѾԤϵĽ⡣
ɭֱԵһʯ֮󣬳̧ͷȥֻʯϵĴͷͼڣ·ע
ЩʯĲ÷λʲôɣҵһоȥСţĬĬʯķλ
ȻʼڹɭΧ




1899¡һ
 

󷨵ۣΧ
ԳͼΧʯҳۣӶƽ󷨡
ԯսȹٷӳɭʱѾɭΧǧס
ÿʮףһʯ֡
ߵڶʮʯǰڷһ㲻һĶ
ʯϵĴͷͼڣֻ۾΢΢͹Ǻʯͼڵ
쳣֮Ʒɵͼ֮ǰצһƺڸͼ˵군ˣ
СһͼڡЦһ£Ʊڵߡ
Ʒɵһߺ󣬳һԾ˲ԾգʯϵͼƽС
Ѹָͼڵ͹㰴һ¡
ųأһƵʯ֮ϴ
¡¡¡
ŵ÷ɻسߡ
Ȼлءһۿǰߴʮ׵ʯ棬ֻʣ¶ڵϡ
һ̧žͿԲȥ
ʯص׺󣬷·ӦƵģɭΧλĳʯҲŵͳ¡¡صס
һĻûһֿ
ǽɭֵĹٷӳȴӦ
ǾɭڲʯʱԸоʯɢϢʧˡ
̽ʱС
ͬоΧʯͼڷ·ʧȥ˻
ѵļۻأ󷨸ˣ
Ӧɭִųı仯ԼĲ²˾Ųʮ
Ļڿٴνɭֺ̽
Ҳ֮ǰţķУٴθ·
һһ棬ٴûɭ֮ڡ
һһ·ûܿɭֺһľʯ̳
Ŀּ̳̳аϢѾʧˡ
ĸӵƶ
ȻƽɭԶ󷨣ǾͿɭгˡ
ֻһɭֵĸҲ˻
ھͿ˭ҵԴ
ٷӳ׵¡ȳ֣һ̳ɭֵȥ
ЩٷֶһԤУҪĶɭġ
Խɭ֣ԤԽǿҡ
ǲٱܣȫǰλһӰ
ͬӿ˽ŲԤǿҵġ
Ͼ˸Ӧֲ߱Ķ
ţн֮䣬ͻȻӦһĺͬεƤʹ
֮󣬱Ǿϲ
Ϊɺ֮У̺Ũ
ֻ˵
ȻܹɢôԶ˵Դ̺жô
̰һȻе㲻Ǻ壬ΪǱΪṩһ˿
֪Щɢ˶ã᲻ƽ󷨺ʼģ
ҪץʱˣԴ˸⣬ǰһ⣿
ţӰ۵糸̶̼ڳλڱеĹٷӳǣΪٶǸˡ
Ӹλǰʮ֣в˶Ӧĳ˳ˣļ֮£ģƴϡ
ԯս·ͬʱüͷǸͻȻǵǸˣǳ
ʦӦǲǳǼһ
ܿǧش
ԯսõǧȷϣһǱȥԼܵñ˭죬ȻаŻѵǴ֮ãֽƻթ֮£
ǧԯս˵ɭսթûʲô⡣
ԯսСһƲٷһֵػˣɲʲô¡
ʱԯսĸҲܵĺ
ԯսϲ쵽ˣǼӿٶȣǧóռȻ
ݡ
ɭһӰǰٷӳֵٶȼ޼ǽͬһʱִɭֵ
Щٶٿ죬첻
ʹ£һһﺮŨĺ
ǰһÿøߴľ֮󣬳ǰȻһռȻ
ֻɭȻٳһƬûľĿյء
⴦յϣһȳ֮ǰ̳Ҫߵʯ̳
ʯ̳ͷǳԶţȥɷΰ׳ۡ
ͬһ㣬ܹΰۡ
վڸ߸ߵļ̳ǰһʯ̳ͨߵ㡣
Ũĺڼ̳ߵ㡣
ʲô˳ʯ׿ȥֻ̳֮ϣͼڵʯ
ʯǳӽʯڲ౻ڿգγһΣһԲΡ
Բ֮УƮһɢع顣
ӣȻһкԴ
ѵǡһ˿




1900¡
 

ɢİɫ֮󣬳֮£̿͸ͫ
һ֮£Ź棬֪Ũ˶
Ȼ̶ʱ˺̺ܶ࣬Ȼʮ־ˣ
ѩ飬óһμء
ĸĻʵۣϲɽׯ
˵иʵ۾ñɽׯ죬ɳȥؿȻЩ˻
Ҫﵽʵ۵Ҫɲ򵥡
㼫صͨ鲻ͬάֺܾʱ䲻Ŵͨ㣬Ӽ˻ػҪһʱ䡣
Уһ·ڻˡ
ʮ־סȥ϶Ҫͷ
ʱһ֣֮УȻһɢ׹ı顣
ǱѩɵĽᾧ
ϵĵűȻɢŨŨҲڻ
ǰѱس͢󣬻ʵմãΪ顱ȻűڱɽׯһȪ
Ӵɽׯ·ʱ޿̿ſյһյļȻǳ졣
ʣ˫ɸˡ
֮УȻơ顱ı
ű飬ǱԭǧĺȻ̺ľȫյĻǵΪ
һ룬Ȳõű顣
׼ʰ׶ϣȡ߱ʱͻȻ֮䣬һȣվס
ԯսתֻԯսǧسԪͺѾϵ
ˢˢˢ
һӰɭдܳȸϵĸٷӳ֣׵¡١򡭡ȵȣܹʮӳ
״üͷ
ôɾûô׶߱ˡ
ЩӳһأǵĿȫ̳ϵıס
˿̾ɵӶóű޼۵ı
ڳʮ˭Ҳô߱顣
˳һӽסˡ
飿ǧ۲֮ҲͳһǸʡ
ԯսʵʦ˵ǿ飿
пܣŨޱȣ϶ֻõöࡣǧĵЩȡ
Ҳõű顣
ȵôӹҵĽǶȳֻΪԼΪԼĵʵǡ
ԯսűɫ̰
ȷ˱ļ̸ֵ֮ı飬ǻĵһ֣黪У˲ᣡ
ԯս֮ʮְ棬ΪԼʵǿġ
Ͼĸˣ׹ѩֻ
ٷսӣ͸Ӳֵһˡ
ӳôܻĻ
׳գЦһ䡣
ԯսʱ򣬾ƾǶˣҺ
Գʲôսëû룬ӹ򲻿Ļ
ԯսðŭ𣬾Ҫȥʱֳˡ
ɲЩӳĳ֣ȡ˱ߡ
ӳȫעųÿ˵һһ
һ̾мӳǰ档
ожӳʵһĸ׵¡
⻹Ӣµȹٷӳ
ò˵ЩӳʵԳܴ
˳ֻͣסΣĺǶӡ
ԯսҲ˳ǰ
׵ȤĿųСӣһǹٷĸ֣Ȼ˴󵨣ǰᱦӳûš
Ҿа۳
Աţ׵Ȼ֮ɫһ
ӳҲǾ档
˵еĻаۣȻǰˣ
ȻϿǶǵƬ׿ڳϣǸе⡣
аۣȻˣ
СӣС壬Ǹĵһ֡аۣӿɲšǲм
ļ𣬵Ȼòȡˣ˫۾ûп̺Ŷô˵
γûӦԯսȰ˵ˣûһǻĵаۣһ˵ˣڻĵĵһսԯսҲǱӳаѾǹȥʽˣ
Ŷ𣿡ЦǻĵսаԼһܣֳ°ɣ
ԯսɫһ㵱ǰ׳ô
Ƕǰ׳գ
ͻȻһɭд
Ӱпյء
һǹٷĶӳֿˣԼ֡
ȫĸ˵ֿ˲һİ֡
ͷУ̹ʵ࣬Ƿǹٷٮٮߡ
һȺ׳գﳳȰѱˣٺ٣ֿ˵ٶȣޱȣ仰δ˵꣬һ̳ܵʯ֮ϡ
ֿǿзԼٶܣٷӳǶûӦ
Ըȥ룬ͻȻˡ
ֻֿ˵Ĵ̳ܵˣЦⱦҵˣ
˵ţ־Ҫȥץǿű顣
һֿ̣ͫ׽·ʲôµ顣
徹ȻۿɼٶȽֿδ߶޷ٶȡ
ڵǿɢĺˣ
λȫƸ֣
׵µȹٷӳֿһĻȫüͷǼɵ֮ɫ




1901¡Ī
 

ͷֿر飬ȴɢĺ
麮Ȼ˿ֲ
ɱһǹٷӳĸ֣
Ҳ˵׵µȹٷӳȥ飬Ҳֿܿһ³
¸ӳɫȫЩÿ
Ѿ׼Ϊűһ
ǾΪյʤߣҲ޷߱顣
ٴνסԯսԥ
ûгô˻ȥȡ飬ղžԤеֿ˻ᱻ鹥û뵽ֱֿӱɱˡ
ڶֽԭʱĸִɭӿֳ
̹ӣͰͿˣҲɭֵ
ǰһĻ̹Щԡ
ΪʲôôֿɵõıȴվŲ
ӣó̳ǿűǸٷսӲϧǰǱԭҪȥԴ
ֿ˳һۣٶȸָɫ
̹ȥǿˣӣԼ˱ʵ϶ͻͽﵽܹаһսˮƽ
Ҳ̹ͬͬ⣬ӰһζҪȥ̳
̹һӰٶȸĳǰ
ȥסӣľ
ȻŮһֱɱģϾӣĵһΣӣȷʵһΪ
ӣҧòǿű飬Զܴ㣬ÿ
УȻ㼱Ǿȥɡĸӣÿλ
ӣûʲô飬һȰ治ȰڶΡ
ӣ뱼ϼ̳ʱֱ
һ֮£ŷһСٷսӵĶӳͨ·ϵĺƺɫ־ͿԿӳĹˡ
ıﲻּģű飬ֻĪܹõСӳ˵ʮţƺûб麮ɱֿ˵һĻס
ӣĪСӳϻֱӳʿĪžһն
ȻĪϣ׼ֽסӣʿ
ϵһ죬Īƽӣʿסˣ
ӣʮ־㵣ΪʿƣĪתסƣҲֽܿӵ
ܿ죬ĪƵ쳣֮
ֻĪӵƣƺһ㱡Ƭ
Ͻף׵ӹһ˿֮ɫ
׹ȫƼĹң׵ΪٷӳǽӴָ߿Ƽ
һ۾ͽĪ˳ֻǲ֪ʲôϽ
Ī˸׵һۣԵһЦûǺϽףֻҪ˫ףҵֿ˽Ӵκζҡ
仰˵һ룬סʿֻͻȻ
һ
ӣʿǱӲˣ
ܵӣĵ˼Ѫӿ죬һʱе㻺
ӣĪʵ࣬һֵ֮÷ǳԡ
ӣǳɥԼһСӳ򲻹ƾʲôսаۣΪѧ
Īӣʿ֮ɫŵˣߵ̳ʯϣɨȫһۣȻ̳ϵı飬ߵ֮˭ܰѱ˭ģ˲öᣬҵĻ˭
ⷬĪõġ
Ȼһˮ˵ĺϽףм±顣
ǵõ󣬿϶޷Ȼ뿪ɭ֡
׵¡Щӳضᡣ
ĪŻ˵顣
ԯսһӦһĪкϽףռ˱ˣֻһǶɵ𣿡
Ҫԯӳȥñ飿Īһ仰ԯս˵ƿԣһʱ䲻֪λӦ
Ȼȥֿ̳˵״Ҷ
ûаյȥñ飬ǾǺӣһҪˡ
ԯս˵Īֿ׵º򣺡ǺԯսǸٷӳеͷ̬ɣһ´ȡ
Ī˵·ͷԯս׵ºǵǣ硣
׵º򲻿ܻ״ӦĪĪõ飬ҪĿĪű뿪ɭ֣
Ī˵ЩĻʱͻȻˣͬ飬õˣ϶ôʵģĪõ飬ұ֤֡
ǻаۣţˬ죡ĪûųĻٷӳ
һ˵аۣͬˣһҫĶӳǣȴԥһԱȣԵöӳʮС
ĪаֻܴԼܴģҲǻĹٷսӶӳԯս̾
ĪϸֳŪ֮ɫôųƻսӦĵû𣿡




1902¡
 

㣡ԯսͷ֡
ǿǵݣѶĪ֡
ֻΪͷӳԯսмĪ
ԯսӦߵǧȴǡ
ֻǧѹԯսûаյĻͬĪ飬Īûôõģǲһͬˡ
ԯսһڷ룬Īֹٷӳĸȥ̽Ҳ޲ɡ
Īõ飬ԴĪ顣
һ룬ԯսͷ­Ī˵Ȼˣӳȥ̳Сһսӡ
ԯӳдɣĪһ䣬ְĿתظ׵ºϣλԯӳͬˣأ
ĪǸϽ׵жߵĿƼˮƽɣ׵ҲˬĴӦ
ûлش𣬵ıȻĬˡ
ʵͷӳҲǺԯսһ⣬ǶĪ󵱳Ʒ
ǿӳӦٷӳҲûл˵
ĿĪ̳ȥ
ʯ֮ǰĪĿ⳹ױʯм侲Ưŵı֮ɫ
ȻɢǵĺԱ߻վűɱֿˣĪûаȴ֮⡣
˿ޱȿϲû뵽ô׵õű飬аۺ͸ӳʵ̫ˣǸ֪ҵжͺ
һͨЦ֮Īѹż֮ģ˫СĿ顣
ƿɢĺԽԽǿң¼½ϽϵƬҲʼ
˶óĪƺǳ
ĪԼʮľĺϽ׻û飬ȻͿ춥סˣʱҪѿӣ
ܣĪ󰵰һȫעϽ֮УȻƴȫץȥ
ڣ˫ƽΰס
һ۵ĺâϴָŷ
õˣ
ĪЦûЦһӣϵЦ̡
ϸ΢ӺϽϴ
ĪŵĿԼĺϽףڽڴϣ˲ʧȥЧ
ȻһӿĺͻȻһζת
һĻü̳ĸٶ¶֮ɫ
Īɴ۾г˾ֺͲʣ
Ҳˣ
һٷӳֵڱ麮ıΧڡ
̳£ٷӳɫ䡣
ĪʵСи߿ƼĺϽףȻò˱飬»˭ȥ
пյʮվԭأһļž
̶̼ڣ˭Ҳû˵
Щ֣Ѿ⣬Ϊűܹõģ뿪ԭڴ˵Ѿû塣
׵ºЩӳʮֵĲġ
϶Ըֶ顣
Ҳȥȡ顣
ԯսɫʮֽ䣬·𱻱鶳סһ㣬ĵĻģ
Ϊս񡱣컪սԭôҲû뵽Ľ
ͻȻ䣬˶ˡ
׵º͸ӳ˸˾Ǵͬʱϼ̳ˡ
ûֹǣ
˶ó׵º͸ٴȡ顣
ôٷӳܲأ
һֵڴ顣
ԯսΪӦ뵽һ㡣
ǧسԪкȡ飬˵Ͱѱõˣ
ȴ׵º͸ȡ
ֻ׵º͸ٵϼ̳˺һ࣬˲佫ת¡
Ȼһһֻ֣̽ȥ
һ׵ͻȻȵ£
ȣ˾Ҫס飡
Ǹ׵º͸ͻȻӦ̺ĺһθҵı
У֣׵仰ճڣѾ˻弫ȥ
ٵģմȾһ˿麮ֱ۾Ȼۿɼٶȿʼ
پ֮£ϣһֻնֱۣ
Ȼʹ͸׵˻ؼ̳档
Ŀĵĳ棬òٹĸְһ
׵º͸ٷӳ֣Ȼò˱飡
Ҹٻһֱ۵Ĵۡ
Ϊ֣ʧȥһֱζʲôڳĸǶ
Ҫ½ĳʵֻٷӳһ
׵º͸ٵȡ̹ȷǹٷӳֱӷ
Ҫ֪׹ٷսɳĸ֣Ϳ̹顣
̹֪Լ͸׵¡ٵĲж
ȻļȲʣǵѡ
ԯսԭǧسԪкȡ顣
ԥˡ
ĺôֲûа־ܳɹȡ顣
һСıմȾǵòʧ
ȫʱɫƽ˳




1903¡ȡ
 

ĿֿˡĪ󱻱麮׵¡û±飬ʧȥһֱۣǾһΡ
νʱĵԴȲס
ôһ̺ŨıǰȻѡ
ȥȡ飬пܸۣȻȻ̤ʯס
ڶһ£ȻĵĵһӦǣа۷ˣ
Ȼڳˣ˵а۵ĻԻս
ǲΪʵȹٷӳһ
ǧ֮ǰжϹʵǿĹٷӳ࣬ҲǸ׵¡ٵļ
ٶʧȥһֱۣǧɲΪܹõ顣
嶯㲻ֵΪһűԼǣ
ǧȰ棬תͷλǰһȻ
ڸǧԼѾ¶ģ˭Ҳ޷Ȱͷ
ǧûзȰһݣǰ
֪ԼȰǧѡһҪȥǾһȡɣһֱա
ʵǧԼͳȡ飬ʲôϣ
ֻڱ麮һɲǻסûʧһλš
ǰˣһ˾Сҡͷ΢Цɴľܾˡ
ǧðգҲǧˡ
ǧֺͳһȥʱԯս΢ʵʦʲô˼һˣûпǹԼǻĹٷսӣ
ԯսʣν
ǧ˵һ仰
ǧ̾һȷʵ˻Ĺٷֺ֣ԯսάԼ֯г
Լȷʵǲס
Ϊ˱סһλţǧԸԼ
ԯսǻĵĽô˵أһˣαĵţ㲻˵ˡ
ǧĻԯսһŻ
̲סݺݵǧһ䣺ϼһŹҷȻһŴθά֡֯Եĳ
ǰҲȰˣȥɡǧΪѡ
һ䣬ʰ׶ϣǧ˦
ǧվԭأҲ֪ȥãǻصԯսԺá
ԯսǲסЦع֮󣬺úøǧһ״
Ҳ׼ȥһڳǰ
ˣǶŮӣ
ӣ·һʵΪʲô
ΪȡضҾ޷ɱ㣡ӣҧŴ˵ĻóľЦ
ȡĻǿű黹пܰɱңֹҵĻʵһӶΪ學ָ𡣡
ⷬ߼ӣס
òϳ˵е
ʵۿûᣬֻҪֹȥȡ顣
ӣȴԸ麮ɱó塣
ɲⶫСôģӣסʱѾ˼̳ˡ
һڸ֣ȫ΢΢ɴ۾һһ
аۣܷɹȡ飬Ǳȸ׵º͸ֵָڴ顣
̹ͻȻûɵĽһֱųǴ˵еаۣھͿȡʱչֳǿʵˡ
ӣĿĵĿųֹˣ뿴ٵˣж͡
ԯս׵ºȹٷӳҲûֹ˼
Ͼа۶˵һǳֵĵˣԼѰò
и׵º͸ʧȣڳûһΪܳɹȡ顣
Լûжİա
ǰ֮󣬳ƽľľͬһ׵ĺˮһ˲䣬ĵ״̬
ԶԶ
ڶӳǾĿ£ֽûһʥİ档
棬ԯս˫΢Уûпص˵
ΪûʶȫΪƣܳɹȡ顣
ϵİԽԽʢǳתΪ״̬ԿĿֲ
¶ʱ̺Ȼ
ñ麮ױһݣ϶鸲Ƕȥ
䣡
һҿ񱩵ı𽻷棬Զż̳ϱ
棬ԼܵѹƮɢĺһȦȦ˷
ַ׷ס塣
ץһĻʵ̫ˣ
˭Ҳû뵽ĺȻǿѹס
ҳֽӴȫûбļ
ԯս׵¡ǧȵȶ𾪲ѣ
ѵ紫˵һ㣬а۾Ǹһٴ漣ѡ֮ˣ
һƬ𾪵Ŀ֮Уѹס麮
ǲ
޷õ֡
ȻǲСԯս״һ




1904¡̵ֿ
 

ѹű꺮޷ʱҲ޷ں˽״̬
ĽֶԳ˵ʵǺܲġ
Ϊֹڵϱġ
̺꺮·޾ô
Ҿɹȡ飬̫࣬Ըٷӳᣬ뱣סͺˡ
ԯս˿ͱ齩ֲ£ȫʶʲô
׵ºȹٷӳѾԳˡ
ԯսԼǹһ˿Ц
˿ѾΪһͷβĴ
Ȼصܹͱ麮⣬еܾ档
ڳĶǶ֣˭ڼģ
ȥܿȡ֣Լһա
ԯսŻóܴ̰ᣬֻ֣װ͵ԼС
ǧҲԾˣְɣȥģ
޲ȥеѹĺʵ̫
ȥæûг壬ֻܱ
ǧֻԭظż
ҧأûǧĻȥ
ѾҪĹͷˣɰڴһ٣ô֣
ӳΪҪ̰̰ζ챦飿
ֻҪ鵽֣ܹȻ뿪ɭֵĻ״ָ̬ܻȻűԼΪһȫµĸ߶ȡ
Գһסű飬Ӳǲ֣
̺꺮ҲǺޱı˲䣬·ضᣡ
ϵļ⣬ʧȥԭеɫʡ
ԾԯսȻɴ۾
ܹĿľ뼸ޡ
Ӻпܰѱõ֣
űȻϵǱԭ쳣
ڱ鼴뿪ԭλȻֲ䡣
ͷϷļԽԽƺڿԸʧ
ǿòűĵֿǳǿ
ƴȫʼջ޷С
չֳʵѾ۷ڳĴ֡
̹ĶԳаķڷ
׵¡ٷӳһ£ȴͱĺôãǿֶγ˵Ԥϡ
̹óƺľ
ܿĽǹһ
ٺ٣аۣҲˣֻǳϺÿһѡмҡҡͷ
Ϊܺͱ麮ôãжô˲
ϾÿԶǲһġ
˵ÿԶԿ
Ҳ˶ˡ
㽩ӣģɱȻȻ
ڴʱڳеƣͻȻ˳ȻһСǰһѽѽ
ֽУڶȻŷϹϢע֮ϡ
Ƶһ㶼ڱ麮õӳ֣·һҩϵյñ֮ǰӵĳʢ
ĺһγƣڱѹסˣһļ
Сһɵúãü¶һĨϲɫ̲סһ䡣
ƿĵСڰд˸
ɰԼۻˣسĻ˯
΢΢һЦȻָ΢ָ˱鱾壡
̡
̴ָðܿ챻ɡ
ҪˣǧŵĿż̳ϵĳ
ҲĿɿڴû뵽飬ҿӼھܰѱȡϡ
ϵļ⣬˲˼㡣
ԯս۵ӹһ˿֮ɫѵųɹȡ飿
֪ھ͵Ϯľѻᡣ
ǰݣֳôٷֿţӲס͵Ϯͷ
׵ºҲһڳȡ飬ֲóûԳ֡
ͷӳ֣˿ɲһ
мٷӳȫ棬ǾаĹ࣬ǳĺʱ
ֻоǰһΣӰӵ̳ϡ
üͷһ壬ӦּǿϢ
ǣͻȻһĨаĻȡ
˾Ŀ£ֻȻɿ˼ֵı顣
ûѹƣ꺮ٶȱ
Ŵǣʮִݵվһԡ
üٷӳ嵽ǰٶȱĺ
⼸ٷӳ֮£塣
Ȼǵôͳȣ
ܹסԼܺϮ
ɼٷӳԱ麮˵ͺһ㱡ֽһ¾ͱˣ




1905¡ӳΧ
 

ȿȿȡ
̳ÿ˵ĶС
Ȼųȥ͵Ϯļٷӳ屻˱顣
ܲǵһοȥ̳ĸֱᣬۿٴΣ˵ӾǷǳ
һθ˴㵵ǳķӦ
аʵ̫аˣ
ѱõеһ˲䣬Ȼñ麮ٶȱ
Ҳ˲Ѵ֮Ľ˼ٷӳ
ֶֶû뵽ġ
ٷӳᣬŲĽС
˺üӣֱһֺѾٵֿס֮󣬳׵׵ȫ
ٱȥ鱾ضɢ
̺˲٣ΪۣҲû취˽õ֡
ųסһĻԯս׵µɫܲÿ
̺ſֲı飬ıɹã
ֱڳĴٷӳ
Ϊȡű׼ôʱ䣬˸ԹĹٷ֣ԶǱԭȴһˣ
ȥҪθ潻θ罻
رԯսɫѿ˼㡣
ű־ڱصãֻҪñʶӻعȡа֮սŵǶĵһֵı
ڱȴ
һ̣ԯսֻϼ̳һս
׵ºҲͬ뷨
а϶ñ飬ǻȥ̴ְֻ
ԾԾԵļӳ̵˵ô˸ղԼӦĪ˭ܳɹ飬ű͹˭У˲ᣬǶǸٷֵҪڣ
۷״̬ûôԴű뿪ûҪ˵ⷬ
ȡḶ̫߲́˵ġ
ԸӳΧҲס顣
ֻϣЩٷӳسŵʱ֡
˵仰ʱĸٷӳȻסˣǲسŵǰʲôŵŵĸҪ
֮ûȥ飬Ϊǲ֪ʱаۻʣʵǿű᲻ٶȱֲ
ǹٷӳԥԭ
ٷӳֻ΢ԥ¶˾ġ
ٷӳԯս׵º
ֻҪɱ˳߱飬ʱ˭ںǷڵ顣
ǿٷӳǲԼͬϼ̳
ǧû뵽ԯսᵱڣʼδȷӦʱѾȥֹԯս
ǧǣԳֵĻֹһԯս
ٷӳĬ֣Χ
ûĬ
ԯսȥ̳֮ǰ͸Ӧ׵¡Գɱġ
ǳˡ
˶ͬ뷨ΧаۣѳɱȻٸƾ¶ȡ顣
ʮ޳ܵһĻˣ
ӣסС졣
ǿǿٷֵ֣
ϣ˭ܵƾһ֮ɹٷӳĺϻ
Լû뵽ԯս׵ºȫ棬޳ܵľٶ
һ˫һȼ档
ϣҳξ壿
һѾ嵽ǰ
ѩĳ֣ųһŤ˿ȭ
ԲڵĿ·һȭݽȥһ㣬һĿ˺ѱ졣
һȭ޿ƥУ
˫ͫ˲Σյâ״
ǾӦȭʮֿ£ǲ˱ܣѡӭӣ
أ
һƶȭƣ󶥼ֺ޻ɡƴһУ
ıˣһ´ü̳ʯм׷ɣʯóһѺۡ
ƴĽվԭأȲסΣˣ
ǿ̹ĵס̳Ȼĳսĸһôû뵽ôĳȻһƴǿٷӳ֮һ
Ӧԯս͸׵µĹأ
ӳʵȫ֮¡
һˣ׵¾ȥˣһҲϢĻᡣ
ҶǸ֣Ľ֣һĻʱ
һ־Ѿδ֮ʱʱ̣
̨µĸǶóƴһǣѾþȫ
ڸ׵һȭӡû˭óֵܵסˡ
׵µȭƺһ
ȭͬӿ׵µȭȴǾͺ̫ȭһ˸оܿġ




1906¡װƾ
 

һ˲䣬һأƺʧȥʧȥ˷С
ִĸԴǸ׵µȭơ
ȭƣδ
ǲã
ղǾ׳ﶼųȥˣа֮ܺһ
ۼ׵µȭƼƴһԲȦӭȥ
һΣмɵӲȭУ뵽͸Ρ̫ж֮
ȻļͲ̫ĳ־ѧʽ
жȵ˾ɣõ¯ࡣ
븥׵µȭͷʱ̸ܵһĪܵľӸ׵ȭͷϴ
ͷһ𣬺һЩվס
ҧأֹסΣȫķ㲻ڱΣմϵжʮ
һƣ˸׵ȭƵĴ󲿷
׵һû뵽Լ־ڱصõһȭڳϣȭȻţ뺣ʧӰ١
ѧ棡
֪ʲôУ׵Ϊף̳ȥٴˡ
Ҳһԯս׵һΧѾʧݺ͹棬һ֮£ûн˼ٶȳ֣
ǳĶֻ֣ʣԯսһˡ
ԯսʵǹø׵ºȳֵġ
һٶ˥ߵ
ԲŹŲȳ͸׵µȭٶԳ֡
ǰԯս¶ֵЦ
·ڸ߳ˣ
ҿܲܽӵסԯҾ˫Ʒۺ¹ģԯսȻȣŷҵǿ⣡
һ˲䣬ˣ
һƹЮ´ƣƺƵƺ֮ˮ
˫һϸγһȦȦ͸ͫת˼㣬Ϊ˿ǴƷ
ԯսļѧ̣ԶԶ˳Ԥ롣
һȻԴ󣬿ǧ괫еĶƷȷʵƵϾ˫
úãһʣȻƽƽƳ֮ӿǳѧ۵һơ
ѧ书Լаҽںһ𣬳ƽһƣ
һƣû֣ĳһʣһʱȫǹԯսļҴƷ
ԯս𾪵ɫ䣬ѿھʲôѧ
أ
ӣԯսıһɳȥ
ڿд˸䵽̳棬һЩվסΡ
ͳеǿٷӳȻûʲôˣǾԯսǱ
Ȼڼ̳ˣӸովȽŲԯսһ̵ĳӲ󶥼ʽ˿˾ɣа֮
ԯսߵеˣ裬ʵǳ谡
ԼųսȻȡΪĵһ֣ں͸׵¡һΧյĽȴǱˡ
һԱȣսźһЦ
ڳһЩ֣Ѿԯսġս񡱳ƺſЦˡ
ȻǸе𺳵ģа۳
һǿٷӳʽȻ⻹
ӣ;ˣԭԼͳĲػ
ֲڣԭһġڳһ㶼ԩ
ĿóӳһĻû˸ȥͳ֡
ڳĶ֣ȫľ
ǿԯսӣԼԼݣǧȲʡ
ͬʱҲοгĶڣȥ֮ڿ԰ݡ
˭һսֶȻ
ȫһļžҶڵϵһ
Ӧ
˭Ӧ
һʣԵ񼫰
ʵôٷĳǣѻȸ
а֮˹
ǧĵسԪ۾ǳ֮ɫ
֮ǰܲԼδܺͳһս
ûȥ̳ĵ
ʮ󣬼Ӧ𣬳ȻЦȻ˸һսҾͲλˣټ
һ䣬ɺ裬Լ̳ɭзȥܿʧ˵ڡ
ԯսסȭͷܲġܲԼڶԳֱ֣ˣȥ׷Ļ¸ֳЦ
׵ºҲǽԭأе㸴ӡ
׵ͻȻ¶һ˿֮ɫȻϷζ
Ѫ
ֹ׵ŵˣ򡢺̹ȵȸҲŵһ޵ѪƮɢͷϷ
ͻȻ䣬һСٷӳϲĽеаˣ
ʣһ˿Ѫǳӹʱġ
ڳĶǸ֣һ¾ͷӦ
ԭղű˴ӲǿٷӳʽǺˣֻûǿѡ
ûˣƻᡣ
ɭмٴʱǲϵѪ
һ̣鵽װƾܵĸоȷʵǳ̼
ܿ¶һĨЦΪһȺ֣Ѿʼ׷ˣ




1907¡޳
 

ԭսӶӳΪʵɲ⣬˲׷ϡ
Ǻܿ췢֣Ȼˣղ˭һսֻװƶѣʵϾǿиɡ
ڵаۣ϶ǳ׷ĺʱ
뵽ֻɱаۣ磬Щȫޱȵ˷ܣ
ѽ֮ǰĳŵ֮ԺҲ֮ǰ˭һȡñ飬͹˭ŵ
ܹɱаۣȡ飬ŵʲô
ԯս׵ºģǻһҫҪӳ϶ñ顣
һȣ׷ȥ
ǧһɫĸԯսô׷ɱܲģ
ûˣ㱻ôӳ׷ɱҲܺѹ뿪ԭ
ǳˣû˵ʱ䣬ɭдеٶȱƽʱ˺ܶࡣ
ӣ϶Ҫĸ׷
ԼҲʶһ㣬ʱ޷Ӧ֮
ϾԼϣҪЩַ׷ǲܵġ
ԯս׵ּĸȷʵǿ㵥ҲҲ٣һдˡĲɵԳһ䡣
֮ǰԤϵԼһ֧ٷսӵĻܿܲǶ֡
ڸսӵĴ󲿷ֶָھ޿棬ֻжӳ٣Ӧ
ţƣٶȣֻҪϾ޿ӣɹ뿪ԭĻͻһЩ
ǿٷӳʽڳѪѾֹסˣֻõѨַǿѹƣ뿪ԭơ
ıȻ̺Ũ޷ա
Ϊʮֿ񱩣һǺԣǿյĻ˷ѣɺܴ˺
ѵձ飬ʲô׷ɱ
ڳɭֱԵʱ׷ڸ
ѵҪһ𡭡΢΢һ֪ԼѲĶӳˡ
Ӱӵǰסȥ·ԯս׵º
һȺٷӳ̹ǽ뽫Χס
˱飬ӣԯսų֮ɫ
һսǵԯӳûУǺǹ𣬲ļһ䡣
ԯսŭɫһ˵ڹҴǰʲôֻҪҶñ飬ػģʱĶҵӢۣҪһ仰ʷʤдģ
Ǻǣ޳ܡЦ
ԯսԳĵǵӵĵ⣬ӳһۣһȻλӳаǻĵͷططǹҵвҲܴ󣬽ձӳԸλ֣ΪγŴΣ
ԯսⷬ׵¡̹ӣ˶һȻ޳֮ȡ
ӳȴǳͬԯս顣
ȷʵɱа۵ʱ
аˣԺҲûнаٶȱĻᡣ
׵ϸһĨЦ⣺ԯӳҲٺһΣаһ˭ǾͿ˭¸ˡ
Ȼû⡣ԯսȻ
ٷӳȫĬĵͷȻ󻺻ԳİΧȦ
̹ӣȷǹٷȥ
Ϊ֪ٷӳ֣ûǲֵء
Χס׼ֵģܹʮٷӳ֡
սߣԯսͺȻС
ǧĵسԪûǰ
ԯսǧûжֵ˼΢΢üʦ㲻ɱĶͽа𣿡
ԯս̫޳ˣƻĹٷһ֣ǧһŭ
仰ͬںԯս˺
λһĹٷ֣ڿȥˣ
ʦ⻰ʲô˼Ǽ֮ˣǶԸ˻ҪʲôΧɱȷ˵޳ܣȴǴӺ̸𣿡ԯսÿһ仰˵ôȻ
Ϊ˱ҹζ࣬Ըھͺӳɱ
֮ǰڿҪͳĵһֵţ뷨ȴԯսֱӷ
ͳһһսʤȻܺã㡣
ڳõ˱飬ԯսû˵ʤİա
ԯս̫ʧˡǧҡҡͷǻĵĳţȴҪҵĸɱ飬ضΪǻĵˣ
ϹӳͿ⣬ֻ̻֮ǰһֱ㣡㻹˵ǻˣܺãȻһٶԱӳҲֱӳ飬ع֮ѣԯսŭĿԲ֮ǰǧĲȫ




1908¡Ϸķ
 

ֻǧԯսǱʹŻ߳ŭ
ԯսԼʵԼսлɱôȫĸֶ
ԯսȴҪӳ֣Լҵţȥضܡ
ԯս⵭һ㣬ǧȴ˵˳
Ҳֲԯս߳ŭ㣬ǧΪϹ
ǧԯսعҪѣȴһ㶼⡣
˿̣ܴݡܼߵ˳ߣһҪͳսӡ
ǧľȻɫسԪһʦҪϧۻס
ǧߵʱʾԼĵ뿪Ϊܵǣ
سԪһɫҡҡͷصʦԼߡ
Ϲǻˣԯսޱȵ
ǧ˫Ŀ㿴ԯսԯս㻹֪ͺһ𱣻뿪ԭǻĵĺöɣ
񾭲ԯս̲סѿϹôȥˣҪһ𱣻ҿԭӱ˰ɣ
ǧԯսһٴҡͷ
ûˡ
ΪͶ
ٷϻǿ˳һۣ˵ûôأĵ԰
ǰ㲻Ϊֵزǧͦǳж
ǧվһߣܸıս֡
Ȼǧڳôǿġ
Լˣǧִ󣬳־սǳ
˵ʮٷӳһ֣ǧܿһھͶס
ǧһЦֵϷô
˵仰ͻȻѹ͵ĵزĻֻһ˵Ķ䣺ܰסһӣȻʩչûߣҪԥ
һѵǧʲôľȻаһסôඥ֣
ǧ˵һӵʱ㹻Ѹֵ׷ɱȻ뿪ԭ
Գûгɣ˵ͷǧһʮָм
֮ԴӦ˽õѡ
ǧǻĹٷͷһ֣ŸӳҶɱ֡
ԼܹȻ뿪ԭЩ׷ɱҲ١
Ӧǹִǧǳοһ
ͨ͸ͫķǧڵ·һС̫ǰ㣬ʱҪҫ۵Ĺâ
ףԼھǹ԰һǧΪʲôһɲ⡢ǿĿˡ
ԭǧͨĳطؼʱ̱
֮ܶܿʼ˥ˣʧʵ½
ǧȴάֵֶʵǷǳѵõġ
ȻǧͻȻ佫ȫˣ˥ϡ
Ϊ˳ǧԼľ
˳òܹǧֻǧ֣ͽɭ֡
þûɶˡǧ˵ţŤŤӣתת첲԰̫֮ǰϴү
⸱ٶȴûĸӳС֡
ΪǧɢϢԽԽǿʢԽԽˣ
˿˭Ұһձɽ˼ң
۾ȥӦĻܸоһֳȽȽ
ϲȻôǿԯսĵʮֵľ죬Լ͹ǧʵˡ
ôӳսξš
ڣߣͻȻ䣬ǧһȣȿ񱩵ϢڱӿգԴԴ
ǧίʵ𺳣
ٴθмĿǧһۣȻɭȥ
ߣûôף仰ճڣѾʧУֻԭһӡ
׷ѵˡ
Ϸͬͬ⣡ǧһЦҲԭʧ
һ̣ǧǰССһ
ѩӳû뵽֣ٶȾȻޱȡ
ԾԾû˵ӣƾǧźһȭ
ǧƣǧ˫ŷնһơ
¡¡¡
ײµĿ죬
󶥼ֶƴһǣǧ̩ɽʮףǧӵֻȭͷ֪˶ٹͷ
׵ƤһѿڶˣǼʮǰ䶯ĻĹٷһ֣
úᵱ£Ϸˡǧǫ飬ʵǰȻ
һƴ򣬺ɵֹ¼
νϷķ
򱻴ˣӳȴǼͬһʱ䶯Գ׷ᡣ




1909¡ӥ
 

С޶ǣ𲻰Ϸﰡ
ǧһٴʧԭء
ڵĳǳͷʮӳ׷ȥǧ档
ǧȫٶȱʮӳöˡ
ֻһӰӹǧٶȵڶӳǵǰ
ǧƣ
Ǽ䣬ǧǧƷӳֻǰӰأ޿ɱܣֻӲӣ
ǧǧƷֻмʵУУʮӳ˸գ׷ϳٶȴ˶Ϻûйʡ
ΪԹҵĹٷǿ֣Ȼһͷӵˣʵǳ
ǧûǿ޿ƥеĵزǽУϢ֮⣬ûˡ
Իܼ׷ϳ
ǧղŶԳ˵Լסӳһʱ䣬Ϊֻһӡ
һӹǳ״̬ʱʵ϶Ȳκһӳ
һʱڣǧȼԼΪۣϷƣֻΪӳ׷ϳ
ˣʱҲ޷Լ׷ľ롣
ܹܵǧ˿ڲϧۣڻߡ
һƼˮǰΪֵزǸжʹġ
ǧΪһӡ
ڵ״̬޷ӦսͷĻǾǧùԼҲǰװһи
Գҧأûлͷ
һӼʱ򣬳ܳɭΧ֮ǰοϵĵط
ƬյصĿϣΪƽ󷨡߱飬Ѿʧˡ
Գ谭ĳ˹ȥ
ȥûѹ׷Ҳһ
ӳһ߽סǧƷһ׷ϳмӳӲƷҲҪ׷ϳ
ۿҪʼұڣǧȴҲ֧Ųסˡ
Ϸ˵ˣûаסһӣʵڱǸ
ǰԣѪ˲伤óǧҪΪ͸֧
֮£ĵӿһɻͷһսΪǧĳ嶯
ʱǧɹ룬պΪϷչ˺õسԪ
仰һǧȵȼյ˼㣬ȻϢʼʢת˥
Ϲֲס˰ɣӳʰ㣬ɱԯսǧʹҴѧһӡǧϡ
ۣ
ǧһѪĵӳǰϷ
һ̣Ҽ˺һȭ
һȭǧһ˲ɫҰףʧȥѪɫۿҪ;ƿݣ
ٺ٣û뵽ҹΪս꣬ԼǧȻһЦͬһʯȻȻ˫ֺʮ׼ȥ
ٶõسԪ˳ʦҪ
ΪǧĵӣسԪʦζʲô
Աӳ
һǧѧǧơǿӥһʩչɹԼʬǶڡ
ǧڱ۾֮ǰ΢Ц˵һۣ·ڸسԪ˵ͽܣúûȥ
سԪʹѾֹǧԱˡ
ڶӳԽǧ׼׷ͻȻӦһɼȿֲϢƵǲòֹסתסȫ
ԯսɴ۾żԱǧû뵽ǧȻؾУ
Ϲˣ
ԯս仰ǧмɹʹʱͻȻ䣬ֻоͷһڣһӰӹϷͣǧߡ
ȻӰסǧʮ˫ֹ֣ǧķС
ˣǳ
Ϊ˲ǧԱǻˣžɫ
ǧ۾ǳֹвǿɬɵӣΪʲôҪͷأ
ǰҶ룬ҳͲΪˣ
仰ǧʮֶݣԭóаΪãڿƷһ㶼Ҫģ
һܳţռزǱԭ
ǧʹĲѣ̲ס̾һӴֻ֮»Ӣӣ
ϹܴӲӣȻΪ̫޴ˣԯսĴЦ
ղŶұˣԳٶȺܿͿȥ޿ӡ
û뵽Ȼ᷵
ܲԯսЦ
ԯս׵ºȹٷӳҲóʮ޴
Ͼ޿ӣԭһĳɹʡ
ھʮľأҲûܰǵ׷ɱ
һаۣԭʬĽ֣ԯսЦţ̡
Ŷ𣿡
ǻһĨаЦݣһ̣ͻȻı븹С
Ǽ䣬·轵ʮȣǼȵı֮е渡֣ÿӳƤܵʮǿҵĴʹС
ʲôԯսһš
Ȼֲ̺ıֱ̽ȥһٶȫ




1910¡
 

õű飬Ǳԭ̺ĿֲϾֶܲ˵ġ
Ҫ֪Զʱĵɲϡ˱ǳߣһǼԡ
꺮ǳɱӽ
Գ븹УǼðյΪ˵ǲҪˣ
뻨Ѵʱ䣬ʮ£ֱշɲԤϵĺ
ڵĳ˼ɵôࣿ
Ϊסǧ뱧־飡
һ̣еļٶΪ֮һ
ֻоԼһѩ磬ڸвûڻǱһɱоʮֲܡ
壬Ǻѹƽڵ꺮˾Ǳ״̬
ˣǿű
ò˵ֻһܸоڸӿֳ
ȵͼһóԯսо䡣
Ҳ轵ͬʱܸӦ棬Ư
ӳĸҽӴеĵ棬ȫȥȻʮ־ɵĿվԭزĳ
ˣ˫Ŀգ˺񱻶һ㣬ɲ
ӳҲһ֪ǻ
Ϊ꺮Ϣˡ
һ꺮ԿһҪ꺮һʱվԭһΪһ
ֻվڳߵǧܹ΢Ӧ
֪ûǧǺܵǣΪΪ˾ȻϧǿձĽܿǳǵ޷ᱻ
ߣ±飬㲻ҲԶˣԯսûжŷ
ԭΪҪ漣˴ֱķձ
ڿʵûгԼڶӳ
ڳÿٷӳϲ±飬һĺô붼롣
ԯս׼ۿųܲסʱͻȻ䣬оΧĿַ˱仯
ϴӳɢĿֲԭҵĴƮɢţȴʼΧų
׵µüͷаܿЩ
ܣ֮񶨵аҪôӻƨһˣ
Ȼ縥׵ԣͼƱ麮仯Ҳ˵ĿԳɹ
ԯսƲ벻ɵȥˣ˶ûע⣬ưһһ˹ȥ
ǧʱѾӡڳϣ
ԯսһУҪ¶֮ɫ
Уȴ𾪣
ΪһƴڳϣȻԳɲһ˿˺
ʱ£ȫ鲼ڽ꺮ԯսǿȣԶԶ磬Էһδܽ
ԯսٷڶʱ۾
У˵ĺâ֣ʹ˿ȥаĪ⡣
㡢Ľˣԯս΢΢Ŵʵ̫ˡ
±ôʱȥѾűŶԡ
ڳȫȫûˣܲ㵣
׵¡ʮٷӳȫһ˼֮ɫаۣʵ̫аˣ
ԯսʵһ£ûձ¶һ޺Цݣκ˿ӶǸвͨˡ
ڳĶӳǣĸ
ԽǿȥѹǾԽеɲ⡣
֮ǰǿжȡ飬ĴֽҺ͸׵¡һУѪڻǿ±飬϶޷ձΥȻֻǻعⷵգǿŶѣǰװˣ
ԯս侲֮ĸһ
治ųѱȫˡ
˵֮£ԯǼλǰ޷쵽
ԯս˾֮ģĶס
ӳԯսôһԯս˵ĺе
ֻҪ࣬ôͻһޡ
ӳǶΪʵÿһ˶࣬ǵļҲǳļޡ
ԯսĻǣ̽һ³֪ʲô״̬ˣ
һ룬ϢȻնԳһȭУ
һ־ͺޱжӳܸоһзͬСɡ
Ȼȭ˳ǰȴ׾ٵɢ
ⲻܣһ




1911¡ɱˣ
 

ƴɢȭӳǻܳԾ
ȥûзֻһģͰĸȭɢˣ
Ҫʵǿһ
ѵʵѾȫӳ֮ˣ
жӳȫŵ顣
ȻʵҲ˵ȫ˱
ԯսķɹձǾ޿ܵġ
аǲǻعⷵգΪλӦʱ֣Ȱаɱˣ飡ԯսûоš
Ͼôӳ֣ʵǣҪǵΧ֮¡
׵¡ԯս飬һûС
յ
ϣ
ԯսһȣʮٷӳ˹ȥ
ôඥΧǧɫ䣬ӳһֵʵ̫ˣ
ղʮҲǿסЩӳһӶѡ
ҸղŶӳǲûһͬΧǧղٵѹͳȫһġ
ǰ뵽ǱȥͽҰɡ
ʱܴݵĶǧ˵һ仰
⻰˵꣬һӳĹѵǰ
һСӳʵСļߺ޼
ϴŲ֪ʲôƳɵĻԻע󣬳ųźݺ£
һݣѸָСӳĻ£
꣡
ָСӳĻͱˣ
ҳָŵ꺮ӳŶȥӳȻһ
ܿȻֻܻӱۻסţǿнסǿ

һҽУСӳ˺ɳȥһ¶ͺţҲ˳ղܵıζ
ֻСӳû壬εֵסĥܿʹȥ
һ棬ɱһٷӳ֣
˱뺷սǱ޿սӵĸֿض𾪵Ըӣ
ΧĶӳǣѾûȥǸɵĶӳ״жˡ
ʮӳһӵϣԷУҪɱ
ƣһ˫ŷ꺮˫ƻӳ
Ժɨϡս˷ƣʮֵΧ
һĻһԵǧسԪˡ
֮ǰֻΪ˱ʵȶӳǸһѡ
ڳһ˻ʮӳмʵֹһ
ʮ棬Ѿʼ֮⡣
а۳ǿ̫ˣ
֮ǰ¦뵥һʰ˳
ڳչֳʵֱ
ԯսڴˣҵߡ
ϣ˶ãԯս˫Ŀ죬۵˫֮ϣٶȳ
仰öӳǾһ񣬴ӱ˵лع
ղǧչֵʵҲܿ£ûһӾͳ˸ꡢҡҡ׹ͷӡ
ǧסһӣѵܶӣ
ӳʰģԯսһٴηΧ
ɫ״ɱ񣬼ʮΧŲæһԾѵգ
˫е꺮·ʮ֣
һнӳǸǵʵʵ˭Ҳ㲻ȥֻӲӡ
ԯս׵ºǿӳã˳Ȼоܣûܶˡ
˾Ͳһˣܵ꺮˫سǵԻס壬омʵĶӳֵסһرζ

һҽУЩӳзʮֺˡ
ڶغϣٷӳ
Ӱ£а塢ɱĿʣµĶӳ
ⳡɱ¾ʢ磬Ÿոտʼ
سԪüȸоηֲϵս·𿴵˵аڸѪսķɡ
ףа֮δȫˣ
һаۣһɱ
ˣ˭ұʵǶԯսڸ־֮ɫ
չֳĿֲʵѾԶԶԤ֮⣡
ֻһͣǾǳ˱̺
ҳʱͶ֮䶼ܴһƬ꺮ӡ֤һ㣡
ʮӳһΧʱÿ˶̥ûþȫ
ԯսԼҲǣһֱź֣ŵȻɱڶӳ飬Ҫʵ
Ƽתֱ£Ѿɱˣ
ԯսôһ˵ʣµ߸ӳַ׷ҧϱϢﵽ壡
ܺãͶˣһϣԯսͷٲȻһηӡ
ʵһΧûþȫ




1912¡ֻʣ
 

ԯսһ׵¡ӳ˽ˡ
ͷǻǲԸʹ
߸ӳٶΧһγѹС˽һ롣
ӵĻ硣
ÿһĳ꺮ĺöӳԵֵ
̶̵һʱڣʮӳѾ˰˾Ÿ
վŵģֻԯս׵¡ͺĸˡ
׵ľˡ
ģ־
Ѿǿܲսʤ⣬ܻܲȥ⡣
㵱ԯս棬ΪڻǾ֣ͣҺûʲôޣֻұϾάֵܾˣԸΪִҾҶԹһʹΣ
ˣԯսסҪһ
һֻۣǺͳĿԣȴųĴ𸴡
Ҳ˵άֵܾˣɱҲɣǵĶԹĿ𣿡
ܸ˻ᡣ
úȥάܾ֣ʱ¦⻹Ҫúɱ
˳⻰ķǳڸԯսǱԭ
˭֪õǳұˣ
ǴҲ򲻹ҲӲˣ
ѡĻֻ·һһսԯսҲڶһսһ֡
֪ԯս˵ûֻӲͷƤ׼ս
׵£򣬱ٱʵˣóǵ汾ԯս˵ţȳȥ

׵ºһۣ˴Ĭʵ
ۺơȥԯսƷ磬ֻڳǲôһ˼
Ю꺮һƻɽԯս
ԯսȴǲҺͳƽ֣һ޹μˣúϹơ
ȫͷžı죬ȻԯսʱѾһǳɱС
ٺһһаɣ
һ䣬ܾȫ֮ǰ˫ȭ
ܾ˵Եƣסȭ
Ȼ꺮˺ȭ˺壡
ҽһȥڵұ˫Ĵϵͺ״񲡣
ǲĴ򣬶Ĳɢͺ
άֵܾսԼļߺڼʹ֮С
ԯս͸׵ɫʮֽ䡣
ֻʣˣ
Ȼûһļ
ԯսû˵ѵǻعⷵգ
׵ѾĨ˳ǿ֧ŵĲ²⣬һȻ󻺻ǰΪ֮һ䡣
Ҫˣ
ͻȻо΢΢һϣݽȥһ㡣
һ̣׵³ȭ
һȭգ֮䣬͵ǰ
ķ֣ԼȻʧ״̬
Ӧ˵Բʮڣһжʧˣ
˼Ķʶҵܡ򡯰ɣаۣ׵һЦȭͷѵǰ
ûлңԸٶȺƸ񵲣ø׵һȭʧȥ
ھԵѹǰܺã
һЦ¼䣬ӿ˸׵µ
׵ŵЦʧˣòȥԱ
״ͻȻĴָںһ
ĺֲһССоƬоƬ֮󣬿Դ̼Դ˼εǱ
ǱǷǳµģһλԼСѹסɥλǱܱǽһ̧棬ԼС
ʵڵӡ
ѹ׾оǼԼǱܣʵڶʱڱ
аۣԭҲãΪԲܵǿҴ̼Ť
һһóº֢
òˣ
150200250500ڵʵ屶ҿ㻹ôҴ򣡡
Цúڵһͷǿ׳ĹޣҪһС
𣡡
ͻȻһȻ󷢷㱼·һС͵
ͬʱ׵ٴչóʧ״̬
ԯսһʮߵסзλ
ǿٷӳֺϻҪɱڴˣ
֪±ңʵļ𣿡ſ񱼹򣬲ҡҡͷĿ޺
𣡡
Ѿ˵ˣֻ˫ְѳ˺⣡
һ˫ƼʱȴץסһֻƣȻһһֻƶײ
޴йȫػԼϣ

ֽһȫⱻԼñһ⣡
λѩٷӳԼľ֮£




1913¡ʱ
 

׵֮ǰͼʶжֶΣڼȫҵԼϣø׵¸ӵľ졣
ľѧ
ԯսӵ𾪡
ΪĳڻĹŽѧԣȻóõǽַ
ϡƽ˵ͼѧɣȻܹɱ
ֱ߸ѧۣ
аŴԻս𶯺⣬ԯսȫ֪ɴû˵һλ豹ѧʦ
ǵѧ۱߸ˣԳʵ֪Ǳ׵߸
Ϊʲôѧ츳ôߣ쾹˾㣡һ̣ԯսĿ¶ˣ
ʳƽǰʮƽƽ棬ͻȻȴɳΪѧţ޷ʦ
ԯսʮֵĲ˼飡
ǧңеգԯϵѪԲܿŷǷʣǿжԴʵͻͽΪĹٷһ֣
ƾʲôܱǿ
ԯսΪ˼ʵ˫Ŀ졣
һͨͨԯսڵ㻹ɱ󣬻λӳ
׵£ԯսǸٷӳʵǿλ
˶ʧȥս⡣
±ĳǿ
׵뵽ԼΪǿҵĹٷӳʶӶǱԭȴڻаϣʱ򴫱磬ԼĹұضߣ
ݳ裬°ȥϴˢ
аۣҲòǿԶԶ׹ܲŵ󡣡׵´˿̷һ⣬İǿűȫ𣿡
ûС
Ļشø׵¡ԯսԱ߹սǧسԪͬʱһ
ԭȻûаѱȫգͻɱʮٷӳ
ʵ̫ˣ
׵¾֮¶һĨЦҲ˵ʵĿռ䡣
Ȼǻشú̡ܼ
ʵǸ׵¡ԯսǧسԪǶ´һ
ֻ˵
аۣʵٶȣѾ㹻ܲصע֮ܲŻὫһΣյС
׵˵ţͻȻְȻԺ֮ɫ
⣡ΪѾǿ޵У̤ǵĹңͻ֪ϣбǿˣ
ΪҵĹԺʱƼǵһҵĹӵһĿƼʵȽĿƼռĸսݣͿԴרĳսʿ
úõŰɣаۣˣҽͨãϵһ֤һڲԶδ
׵һͨЦͻȻһȭԼϡ
ͨ͸ͫ׵µ౻Լһȭ򱬣
׹ٷӳΪ˲ԼҵĳȻѡԾ
⵹óе⡣
ֻʣһ㵵ԯս
Ÿ׵·ǣƳʱܣʣµһ˿ϣŸ׵µɱˡ
ԽԽĳԯսļȾַ̡ߺޣ޿Ƶ߳ܡ
λŽаŲڽ£ԼǶĵһֵı
һ̵ĳȴʮǧԵʮֵķ̡
аۣս񡣡ǹϷʵЦ⣬仰ͦѺϣԯս𣿡
ǣֻǹٷԯսҧڷ̡
ʵ̫ˡ̫ˣ
ԼȻڳǰ˳ӣ
ϷʵʵսţԼİɣ
⣬ֱԯս޷ش
սȷʵԼȡģ˵ԼսΪЦ
ʿɱ裬ʿɶֹԯս͵̧ͷӲ
һԵǧȴҡҡͷԯս仰ʮֿЦ
ԯսԭ֮һϵоٶƵǡʿأ
ڳõʱڣȻֺ͸׵¡ΧԼ˳֣͵ϮΧа޳ΪͲ˵ˡ
ԯսЩ޳ܾٶǧȫ
ԯս˵Լǡʿֱˡʿֵı塣
ԯս˵ֱ͵һЦ˳ʿɱ裿ԯսԼ𣿡
ԯǧʮλʿôͲˣƾҵԯϣ;ɱңԯսԽ˵Խǵʮ㡣
Լʵû˵Լǧжȴһ
ԯϣȫΪ⣬ԯսʱˣΪڻͳεʱ𣿾ԯϵĺˣԯҲܳΪƣ




1914¡
 

ų仰˵꣬ȫΪ֮һ䣬ɱ̿ܣԯսĲķ
㲻ɱңԯս֮£æǧǧ߳˵ԯʱжڻĵλжߣ
ԣѯһǧ
ֻǧ΢ɬ˵ԯȷʵǧ꣬ڵȻļ壬˵ڻԯҵʱԯսֻԯһ
ǧ˵أΪ档
ѵԯһбԯսģ
ԯҵȷʵҲֱֲ˿ԯս޿֡
ļɵˣԯսЦʱ֪̫ˣΪԼΪĶ֣Ϊûε㣬ǧҵһ֪
óԯս仰Ǵ꣬ǵȷ֪ܶصĶ
ԯս׳һȤ⣬Ǿνǧҵ
óһǧĹҡϼҡ
ȻҲҲûʲô֣Ǽҵȴޱȵ£ܹԤδԴڹϵļ崫С
˳ܺ棬ԯʲôǿĴС
еĻԯսΪʲôչֳϾͷˡ
ԯսҲǲԯˣǣҲԯҵİ࣬ҾͰǼ࣡棬Źԯս
ν񾡣˽ȥʼ˫
ԯսһľŭ㲻ɱңҪɱңŭԯңػ
ǰɱĺܶˣ֮ǰ˵仰ڽЦֻа۳ξ죿ɱ㣬νǧҸˮ棬ҲʡԼȥˣ
㡭ԯսŷ֣ͷβûԯҷ
޷ԯҵŭ𡭡
ԯս仰δ˵꣬ͻȻҽ
ԭ̧֮䣬ѾһƬ꺮
ֲֿǣԯսӳһ˱ζ
ҳûд̫ͺԯսµıĥ
һɱԯս̫ĵļһˡ
ԯսʹ졢ĿŤͳܲסڵϲϴ
ǧسԪһԿţûκ֮ͬɫ
ԯսԯҵİ࣬ǻĵİ࣬๼Ȼκ֮ġ
ааۣңĲԯսһߴһģϡ
ֻ΢΢ҡͷûжҡɱԯսľġ
㣡㣡
ԯսڱ𽻼ӣնϣ򱻶ѣ֮ǰȱϵˡ
㹻ˣתͷǧ˵ǰ㱣壬һ
ǧ󣬳һұڣٶȼ
뾡뿪ԭҸȫĵطδյı
ʱ򣬳Ӧ˽š
ͷһȻӣСŮ
ӣǿ񣬳ʲôû˵ԹԵȥ
ɭֱԵԯսӺ󣬽ˣɫ԰ףȥһϢʱҪ
ʦҲ߰ɡسԪٿԯսһˣֻȥġ
ǧ˵ͷԪڲ߶㱳һ¡
ǣʦ
سԪǧӱȥ
ȥ޿ӣسԪһʱѾϾϢԯսȻָֻһ˿
ӲֽţѵĶ
ţԯս۾
ǵһʧ֣ԯսû
ԯѪŵıȻѧǿԯսվһɫ
ֻϧҵ츳ֻڱʱѪŻᱻܣסҵҲڱԪͺɱ
ǱΣҵıˣ
һҪл㣬ػһȥ壬ѱѧϰľѧʱڣ
ɭΧĿյУԯսЦһпӵӰЩ
ʲôˣԯսĸӦǸ˵Ĵڡ
Ӧ֮ǰ
֪ԼزסеǸӰ˳̹
ղ˵Ļˣԯսɱʵ
̹ԯսȫ¶˶ˣ϶˴룬ǲôη壺ôԯӳųƻս񣬱а۴һаˣ㻹ˣҪҪ




1915¡ҿԽ㰡
 

һֻСϣҲЦӳԯսԴŭȻԯҵұ㲻ã
һ䣬һɫԯսƵ׷ֱȡ̹
̹ôûϵԯս˵־Ͷ֣ô죬޿ɱܣֻס塣
Ȼƾܵסԯսı
һ̹סԼĲӣָѪ쭳
䶥֣Ŀĵڵϡ
Ȼ޵УԯսٶȿЦ
⻹һñһ¾ɱһ֣˿ԯսãղܵĳȫԺ
ҵţ

޿Ӻĳ־޿ӱԵкܶء
Щ˿¶֮ɫ
аۣ
а۵һѵ˵
˲ԵУһ仰û˵ԹԵǰУһ·˸衣
ǳӣ֮⣬һ˸
ѩŮ
аۣԲԣԴˣںʵ
ñҡ
ûлش⣬ֻǵ˵һ䡣
Ӻˣ϶аۣţҾȻаһϣ̫ˣаۣҸɣ
С㣬òҪӣ̲ס˱һ䡣
ЦӣС㣬㲻Ҳа۵ͣԲŸ𣿡
ޣ˭ˣɱӣҧ
һЦøƾɱаۣ쿪ƭԼˣСã
ӣҧȷʵ˵ˣƭԼ
ָųսһ״̬󽵣˵Լлᡣ
˵аۣӣ֪ԼɱĻҲ޽ӽ㡣
ųȫǱ֮ʹţһ˵ԭ
ڱԭϸٱУһʱ䵹Ҳ޷˦ӣһһСŮ
ⲻ˦ǲ͸֧˦ڵƻ
û±Ƽˡ
ղź͸׵µȶӳսû˵ǣʵԼֻʵʱά̫á
ɱʮӳֵĻԻսǽ˱麮ܡ
ʵϳûȫձ̺
ս֮ǿ±ĺ֢ˡ
˿ڱϳ뾡ҸȫĵطѹסȻա
ԭϻô֣ѱ˭ˣû顣
Գٶȷǳ죬һʱ䣬սӵȫҰʧ
ڱԭϱСʱ󣬳ڿ˰̩ǵ
еĵһʱ䣬γ˾ȥѩ׶Ī˹¡
̩Ƕ״̬ĳ˵ǲȫ
ڳ׼ϳʱӣͱס˳ӡ
ɱңְܶɡŮ
ӣҧŴǣһ㶯ֵ˼ûС
͸˵ˣаۣһ·Ϊɱ𣿲˵ӣԼĸ뷨
ʲôȻʣµóͼ
ֻЦú˵Ϊǿ˶һ㹻𣿡
ǾϳɡҲϻγ
ĳеãûоܾŵԸ
ֲֹӣҲϳˡ
Ůһһңߡ
Ȼ״̬ãӣͻȻ֡
ûɱӣҲӣͱһһֵ
㲻ҪᣬֻһḴ𣡡ӣ˵
仰˵һҲûС
һЦû˵ʲôһʼĿ
ڳǲܵ飬ֻ㾫ȥĪ˹˵
˯ˣӣʼ˼
˼ͱͻȻ˵ĳһ
ôһĨЦݺа졣
ӣûɵĻˣʲô
һ·ϣʱԶҳ֣ÿһʧܣҪΪҷһΣұǶɫô
仰ӣˢһ¾ͺˡ
ɫǣå
һߵı򿩿ֱЦЦýҲ
Ҳ㣬ڵʵֻ۷״̬20ʱ㸴ûᣬ㲻ӦҶĵĻھͿɱ㣡
֮ϷӣֻΪ˻һ֮ǰɱ¾а֮
ӣܵͻȻɱһʶĴӦѾռˣڴӦô
ɲһŶǺܲԸģǵĶԼĸԸķң𣿡ӣ˵ӣ顣
Ҳ˵ʲô
ӣǳ£ηˡ
ʱЦ˵ӣС㣬ĲĻҿԽ㰡
ǡߣӣתͷȥͱˡ




1916¡жԼ
 

ӣͱ˵Ϸ߳ѵֻܱȥҲ˵
ȴڰ˼͵Ϯܳɹ
ɲӣʲôֻоĶƣ˯ˡ
Ӱ̩ǵĪ˹£һ·̡
ȻδΣڳ˯
΢ӣĵײɵô
ȴóȻΪ֪ǲװģ֪˵Լʵ۷״̬20ûУ滰Ǽٻ
۲Сʱӣðһԡ
ͳţֻҪ־̴г塣
һֻƻ𣬾ҪŴȥ
һ˯״̬ӣ͵ϮȻ
ӣһϲһڱԭһս֮󣬿϶ۻˣȻ˯ô
ʱ
Ƽ䵽ؿʱͻȻ䣬һֺֻնץסơ
ֵֻˣ˱ûбˡ
ȻҲƣһ·ϣ˯ţΪӣԳ֡
Ϊ˸ģ䵱
ӣû뵽ֹĵ˱һۣ˼˵ҪֹҸ
ûֵ˼Ů˯ŵĳǰ
ⳡֳܿʤ
ʵӣвСĲࡣ
ӣȱǿöֻ࣬Ʒһ𣬾Ͱѱˡ
ļ֮£֣ӣٶȸ죬ؿڲ֮䡣
ӣΪԼҪóˣʱͻȻ˸һ˯ѵӡ
䵽ؿϣûжԳκ˺óůģһš
ӣסˡ
֪ǻѧеĻԪû뵽˯ʱԪʱ޿̵ת
һ޹ȥڸˣͨΡ
˯۾ӣַϣϷʵЦղѾ𣿡
װӣҧгݵĵʵһֱû˯ţԲԣ
û˯ţѾһˣĶԼɣЦԽԽ
ӣӵĵǱ㣬ѾɹǵĶԼУû˵԰㣬һβ㣡
ȷʵûñҰԸĹʲô£˵أ˵ţתͷ
ֻЦӯӯĵӣղſûĸԸĻǵĶԼ޹أѵˣ𣿡
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ԡֱ̫ˣ
ζЦǶ孿֮Ϊ孶֣ڻаǰˣҪǴȥĿ㶫ѧ
ȻѧѾʵһӣ
ӣ֪Ӧ𣺡㡢޳ܣʲô˵ȥ
㵽ĲжԼųһ˿ɱԸķ䣬кܶᡣ
ӣó֮⣬βԸжԼǾҲûиĻᡣ
жԼҲԣǳϣӣ
ǰŸѩ˾ܲڳɣ
ˣָָָԴſȥ
㡢ʲôӣǾš
ǹаȵĻȵڳϲ㣬յϢɣĻñ㡣
ӣһߺӵ˶ӡ
Ƿ沢ǵһŰֽṇ֪̃ʲô
ֻѹżȵ߳ܵͷȥʲôóˣһССĳ費ʲô
ӣġϢ֮󣬳ٶ˯ȥӣҶԳˣҪȵڳʱٶ֡
Сʱ󣬽γѩ׶Ī˹¡
˾ճҪ󣬽ͣһҲ۵Сù֮ǰ
ĴĪ˹µСùˣֻҪȶûлָ۷״̬뿪ѩȥġ
Ͼ˵Ĳȫĵط
бڣǳ˳
󣬳һ踺ɫӣһۣҡͷһЦںϴ
ڱѹסڿ񱩵꺮һĻ꺮ɲ޸˺
һľ״̬ȫȻ߻иӣ
һԸóڽһ޷Ӧ״̬һӣ֣ѳ
ӣĺܼҲ֪֣ڳֻöࡣ
бڣֻܸɿųˡ




1917¡ȶ
 

һӣɳϣԼҲҪϢһ¡
ϾǱԭأһһҹղڳϾ߶ȽţӣоԺؾϮǶҲֵסɾ⡣
ӣʱûжֵͼһڴߣҲʼϢ
ŮСùݷԵϢֹ֪ȥĸСʱ
ĸСʱĵϢڵƣȶ
ࡢǵˣڱ޸š
ձ̺ʱȵȫָ
ֻҪָ۷״̬ձʱܹ״̬Բˡ
һϢ󣬳ӿҵľлع
ǿһǽϵĹӣʱѾȥĸСʱ
ĸСʱӣȻһֱɳϣûгû֡
óĸ⡣
С椵͵סӡ
ĸСʱҲͳ״˸ľʱ
ųֿߵı
ʱѾ۵˯˹ȥڱʮǻ˯Ҳʮֵջˡ
ڳ׼ʱͻȻ֮䣬һɱе
΢΢һУ̸Ӧɱ
ոӦѾһ⡣
һźâʿĲϣ֡
ʿģͻȻ͵Ϯӣ
ֻӣһС˵ҵȵ˯ŵʱˣ
ԭһֱڵȱ˯ȥȻӱʿţȴһ㶼ңɺӣ˵
а۳ԸҸɹԭһˣӣһֻסһֻѹڵϣҪϳĲӡ
ַʽѾȫ
ȻʿҲǰ֣ĲӶûбѪ
ӣ˲һƬ㡢ֱˣ㵽ʲô
ˡûлشӣ⣬Ц
Ȼһֻ֣ʿƿ
ӣһľ
һλûɱ֪Լ漸ûʲôˡ
ˣжԼɡ
仰ӣ֪ʲô˼
ҲΪʲôҪӣҪӣʹаҽ˫֮Դˡ
һ󴲶ˡ
ֳӣԱݱɫһ죬
ĳֹͣ˶ӣɬӰͷס
ÿֱЦӣһܵӣװʲôߣҾͲˣȥϴ裬аۣŶ
˵껰欷ϵѩŮҡҷ߽ԡҡ
ӣˡ
Сùݵķԡңǽǰ͸ģ˿ͨǽӡ
òϣĵһϴϴôɧŮˡ
Ӧ˵ʵǱ֪ͨǽܿԡңԲŹһϵɧĶ
ӣе㿴ˣȼŷӦȻа޳ܵס
ϴ󣬼ˡսͳӣչһĴս
ŮޡһԪƻָвСİ
һ籩ꡱ֮ӣڴͷ˫ֱϥСԴ˫ϥ֮䣬ԼѾûˡ
Գĸ֮ԽԽ˵УԼĺܱڵĸо
ϴ˸Ϣ
ĽȣŮޡ죬Ϳ뿪ѩ
ҶĻƱҾͻػġһһ߶ԱԸ
ƻȶϢʱԷ˵
ô˵ӣ̧ͷ
Ҫ𣿡ʵ
˵ͷڱԭϵõĶҪػգѩĻ϶кܶŷҵĶ
һˣԼ϶Ҳôѩȫ
ǣðɣͰ㶩Ʊһץڴͷϵֻ򿪶Ʊ
ӿڴͳһգ
ӣ״ɫܸӵ˵صģûлḴˣ
Ǻǣʱӭұ𣬵֮ǰʧһΣҪһζԼǹЦ⣬ӣӸס⻬ӡ
˵ģøǿʱ϶ȥ㣡
ţҺڴ
˵һ䣬ʵӣܳɳһսĵزӣڶ孵õʲôǿϴУԴ
ҪǱøǿĻҾͲϢˣԽͶռΰɣ
ӣ仰û˵꣬Ѿ˹
ԵĿһ£žɳΪΪˡ




1918¡ֵһ
 

ӣͱĪ˹СùɹһҹʱǱԭϵĸս½½İʦس
һϣ磬һ߱ըԵźըý̱
ĵһаۣһ֮ɱʮλٷӳǱԭԴ
ԭһսаսǰԻͣǿٷӳΧаۣа۷ɱ׵ԾԯսǱӻػģ
ֳս߳ƣƺšս񡯡Լǻĵһֵԯսа۴ùģ澡ʧ

һĿı⣬ը
ԭ֮սĽʵ̫𺳡Ҳ̫ˣ
ȫ˭û뵽аۻȥǱԭҺܶΪа˲ȥ
û뵽а۲ȥˣӸٷսӵΧԴ
ս˫
ԯս׵ºٷǿӳȫϳ
У׹Ǳߵ𾪺ͺ䶯ȻĹڻҪ
Ͼ׵¿׹ٷ֮һӳǱԭȻа۴Ծ
ֱǿҵˣ
ΨһŵԯսعҲ
֮ǰкܶ໪֧ķ˿ޱڴս񡱴ʤҹ
Ǿ˳ƣԯսڱԭһսиɳ޳ΪԼԪϼﶼɱ֣
оٵһԯս״ߣ׷΢ɡ̳ۣҪٷϳԯս
νˣʵǧĵسԪ
سԪعĵһʱ䣬Ͱԯս޳оˡ
ú󣬷ԼĵIPѾ
ȫԯսĲϢһֻεľĨһɶ
ЩʹԯսۣҲȫʧ
·һȫûһ
Ǻܿ췴Ӧٷ뱣ԯսԶֶνѹ
ǳ˷ŭ֮⣬ʲôҲˣֻһʽﲻ
ǾǳԯսġսţԼаۡս仰
˼а۹һǱԭԻ͵սԯսųսһӻػģʵ˻֮ܣ
ŷɱۣھĳ˵ԯսŭˤֻ
ҵţˣתľ磬ұԼսϽۣ֮ԯսţиһ˿͵֮ɫ㲻ҪǧҸˮҿγԯҵƣ

̫ףԯսѡݱܷͷΪԭ֮սӮҵаҲ֪٣ܿ콫ȵתƵսȥ
ϵһսӣܿ쳬һǧ
ΪаӦˣ볬ڶġħ֮ӡΪأ¥ݡ
̳עԱѸٸ
Ҳͬа
ͬ
1
10086
ܶͬ飬ҲûзԵ
ƾʲôаҾ;аǱԭսֿˣʵһսûʲôĸ֣
¥ϣɵ𣿸ٷӳ׵¡ԯսɶǹٷ
ɵȣôΪʲô϶Ҳ֣ѵɰȨԣ
˵ɵɵȫûϰظֶȥˣ׵¡ԯսֶ֣ԭ֮սǵһչʵ֮֯ǰûаȥʵǶǰǰʮļ𣡡
ӵݣΧŸ׵µȹٷӳʵζλչۡ
֯ڲҲٿȫԱ飬λҪǸòõ
ʵ֯ȥǱԭսΪľȷٷӳʵ
ɳԱĹս棬׵¡ԯսСϺ˹ʵҲ˵ڰŵ
ôһܸ֮ٷӳаۣʵͻƵʲô
֯ڲΪʵڶħ֮ӡԽԽˡ
һԱվ˵λһ飬аۺͶħ֮Ӳеڶڲ磬̫顣
ܺãͬ⣡
Ҳò
ֱɣ
Ի谵Ļ֯һĸ߲Լ֡
ƱȻղǸԱĽͨˡ
ȫԱֻ֪Ҫһ˲ͬ⣬Ͳͨ
ǲԼͬĿ׵Ǹˡ
˾֯Ĵʼˣ߲ҪһK
KаۺͶħ֮Ӳеڶ𣿡һԱʵ
ǿħ֮ӵĹսͲֽͬ顣K˵е˵껰һ˦ȥ
Աһ¶֮ɫ
֮ǰKħ֮ӡ͡񡱵սΪܵ
ۿħ֮ӵսǲ֪ԭа۵ս֮ȣȫֵһᣡ




1919¡ʵ
 

֯ȫ߲㿴ϵġħ֮ӡս֮󣬸е𺳣ʮŻ
Щ߲ǡϵĶָơ
ǿ˶ħ֮ӵսǵķӦֻһǾսֱܴģ
ǿаۣڸ孡ǷᡢԼǱԭ϶˼Ի͵սð߲֯ȫаٴιĿ࿴Ϊа۵ʵѾͻƵһȫµĲΡ
а۵սͶħ֮ӻ޷ȡ
ð߲㲻뵽һ⣬ħ֮ӵս˿ֲôһġӵкεȾ춯صս
һ߲㿴֯ϴKʮڴʵKܲǿһ¡Godս
УKһڷGodսϱܼȶħ֮ӸһΣҰGodսй¶ô̸֯𣡡
Kô˵ȫ߲Ĭˡ
Kһֱǣʱ޿̶ҪԡGod־η֮ģԻ֣֮
ˣаܷ۵ΪֹΪ֪ǰ֯һֱڹעֵʵ䶯ǿƳһʵְЩΧ°ȥ
K˵仰󣬸߲Ƕܺ棬°񵥾ҪλֵָΡ
Ѿˡ
Kĸ߲һ棬˵Լõ°񵥣񵥵һΪ񼶸ֻ֡ˣǾǡGod͡ħ֮ӡǵڶ֡˼ֵսܹﵽȫĵزĿǰֻаһˣӵʼͰĸְɣԯս׵¡аּ𣬾Sʮ浽ʮAԴơ
֣᲻еֲڣһŮԸ߲ԼĿаۺ͸ٷӳ֣ŲСĲ࣬ѵֻһ𣿡
úܺãаһսʮٷӳʵȷʵԶǿЩӳֱȹٷӳֲа۵ĸ֣ǻϸΪSSԼSSS
KĻ֣߲ûʣµľνĸֻ°С
֯Ƴ°񵥣ڹһֵۡ
God͡ħ֮ӡ񼶣а۾ȻǾûи
ոֵսϣ϶ģûааۺ͡Godħ֮ӡΪһ˵Ϊа۴ﲻ񼶵ʵ£
ҿ˵յϸȫֻаһˣúа۱λһ޶Ƶģ
ƵĻڰ̳ϲȻܿɢ磬Ƕսֻʮԣһ˳һħаۣ
˵ľǿλ֡
Ī˹Сù¼鿴ȫ¶̬ıˢƳ°񵥡
аۣ쿴֯㻮ֵأֻһ˶Ŷÿᣡһ˷ܵӣ˵§סĸ첲
ʲô
ԣ±ֻĻſô¡
ĸ°Щ
Ϊϻкܶవ֪֯ظ֣֯ٷӳһǷǳֲڵĻַ
˳°ȫ⡣
»ĻȻһϤ֣ۣӣ㱻ֵA棡
ҲAӣ˺ܾãòϢһСô˵ֻƾʲôҲA֯ôСңߣ
ǺǣAͲֻBءûֻһ۾ͿԼ
ˢֻҲԼֻóϵš
һħаۡЩеĵۣ˳еЦá
ȴһ˿֮ɫ
Godħ֮ӣǾʲôôأʲôʱŻءţȭͷ
֪ԼͻƵԲ磬ҲпܲλĶ֡
Ͼħ֮ӵʹͽ˹Ѿǿñ̬ȹٷӳǿ
հ֯ʵ֣˹ԹSSһ
ˣǲGodͶħ֮η塣
ĵһҪսǵǿ
ˢţԯսȻûѾعˡ
ǳ⣬ԯսʲôƣȻ꺮һͬ»
ʵ̫˼ˣ
ѵԯҵǧ괫У뵽һ㡣
Ҳֻܽ͵ͨԯսԭ




1920¡ȫ
 

ԯУС±ҵаҽж˶١ԽԽɫҲó
֮ǰԯսдţ˼ڿЩδˮǧңһȫ
ܹԤδԯҵĴУԯս꺮бסһȻִвȼҵĲ
ԽԽΪǧҸȤˡ
˵ԯҵĴУҲкô
ţֻͱӣս
ڶϣ𴲣ڱӣͬǰĪ˹»
һ·ϵûʲôΣգѩٷһʧأץ
ӱԭĸ֣ҲפѩسѾڱԭµս𺳵ս
˳ִ˵Ǽںȴǻ
аۣĲ𣿱ܵǹķŶջ˵
΢Цҡҡͷûлش
ãվֻ¶ˮԵʼնûԱκθ顣
ܱӣֻаҽ˫֮¯ˡ
ûлش𣬱һ˿ʧ䣬а۲ôðͽģԼվ޷а۶졣
֪аһߣܿԺ󶼲ѩ
аۣԺȥεĻȥ𣿡ڿ˵ʳ֪ζˣһҲԸ뿪
ʱ򿴰ɡûиȷĻش
˵ȴӣͻȻڵҿ϶ȥ㱨𣡡
Ǻǣҵ㡣ͺӣԼˣӣ˵Ҳ⡣
˵ʳ֪ζӣǻ˹¸Ħۺ֢Ȼڴҳʧܺ󣬰ҪжԼʱ̡
Ȼ뷨ӣ϶˵ڵġ
һСʱ󣬳ϷɻӣСʱһɻض孡
صƶʡỨеĳһҪ£ȻǾձ̺
һգ԰Ǳڼᰡ顢۶йƳѯ
ûüλչൣģֻձĽҪͷûʲôʱ߶
֮Ҫֶ룬ΪԤУԯսʵܿܽһԯ˵Ϊԯս
ʱҪԯǿǧң۷״̬ӭս
һڹ󣬳ڴ۾
ʱ䣬ڽȫգڵҲõ߰˰ˡ
ƳûȥϰĻ϶ῴó磬··
ŨıóΪõһ
ڵĳѾ޽ӽԲ
ǳͻƼΣ޷ɹԲ硣
Ǹоôһ㡣
һ㾿ʲôһʱҲ˵
ɣ޵Ĳ壬ԡ
֪Թ޷߶ͨĶԴͻһ硣
Դˣûϣôֻһ֫СӰˡ
ԴԡԵЩԴҪҪ
ԪԲȴ޷ͻƣ϶ǲڤڤôһԻ߻Ե
Ե߻Եĳ֣ǿġ
Ŵһ򡢷ɵʿԳ׵ʿ֮١
˼뾳ôߣҲǻٶŵõɡ
ͨԼȱʲô֮󣬳żɴ಻Բˡ
֮ܽϴȥ˳ϵĸ꣬򵽺ܶ鲢һ͵ġ
ȻʱͻƲˣȥɢɢģߣ˵ĳ츣飬ԴԲȻȻͻƵһ㾳硣
ΪʼֻĶ̬
ĵǧơ
ֽͨϵ֪ǧѾȶֻʵû۷ڵˮ׼
ϢڳԤ֮С
һߣԯսȻûʲôûҲûжǧʲô
֮һ˼һⷴóᵽһɸΣյϢ
ֻԯսûжҲʲôֻֽʱ̹עǵĶ̬
ֽϵ󣬳ӵ˺øǻɵĵ绰
ʡ𣿡Ϥֻﴫ
΢Цʵʡᣬôˣ
һϢҪˣٻɵʮϲüڲʡᣬ֪ûпղμҵĻ֪ںæ
æʲôʲôæЦŴϻɵĻֵܽ飬鶼ҪƵɣϲ㰡û뵽Ƚ飡
ͱȡЦˣҪĻһŮŶӵţǲᣡ˵ҲЦ
һЦ˵ʲôʱھư




1921¡ӵ
 

ϼҰؿͼҴ¥ǰһҸ㰲סƵꡣɱںͰھƵĵط
꣬ڴӦãû⣬ҹȥɣ
ˣͬѧʡṤʱԺһ·и顣ͻȻ£ֲһ䣬ͬѧʶ
һȥУȻ˵Ҳþܾаϵʽҡ
»ͬѧϵʽֺͻļ󣬳ͨ
磬վ԰СſڣŻɵͬѧ
ͬѧֱһһŮеĽޣŮĽ÷÷һ£Ǻͻһصġ
˿һµA4L³޺÷÷һߵǰĴкҽãĽܾˣ
ǻɵͬѧǲô־Сһ˵һߴ¡
޴ŹʣıͷȥȫձҵûõĴѧеᾫӢζ
÷÷ױݾ£ڽϻͷʲ͵Ůɡ
ֱӽô˼˵ż񰡣޼˫֣ͳ֡
Ҳܾ֣Ȼ΢ЦǽְɣûҪô
ޣҽǽ֣ǿǣ˵ɡ÷÷Цһ¡
һӣæͷȻͳһƬݵϣ񡭡ҵƬ
ͷһдš˼ҵʡ֣޿ӻͦ
ϾձҵиƬĴѧû
ͬѧݹͦģǰ;һ䡣
޵ȵľǳ仰ԴϲȴǫˣıȵҶǸձҵģѾϼŵϯҽʦˣȲϡȲϣ
ʱ䲻ˣϳɡ˵ţҪ޵İµꡣ
һ£ʵ㲻˵㿪ǼֵǧĳܣȥЩӼʶһ£
ްسǵ˱ӣüͷ΢΢һ壬һ¶һӡ֡
޻֪ԼƨĵϣЦֵѳܿȥʱڻɵĻϿ϶ӣ
˵ţ·ԼܻϼңǸǺεȵķ⡣
ʱۼ÷÷ָָСһɫܣĽеǾǳܳɣÿᰡΪʲôȥأ
ˣҾǵĳǲ㿪Լĺڰʿܡ
һ;顣
ȥμֵܵĻôֵܿܵķͷ
Ļϣɲǡ
Գûǵ͵һãûд᰻ƳȥμӣҲΪ˲ǰȻʧɫ
ǡðɡҲãȻȥμӻôȫĳʾİµˡ
µA4Lؼ32޴ġ
޲ǸʡṤû򷿣򳵣ҪΪӡ
ԼĻ˵оҪһµȥϰ࣬˾˼˳ӣ̬ȫһ
ϳ޺÷÷ĺͳ̸
׼ĿȵĿۺӾ˵꣬Ҫȥֱ˾ϰܷ࣬ɷݣ֪ܲܿڴҶͬѧķϣҺŮ÷÷Ҳֱ˾
仰һû˵ǾҲͻһܹõɷݡ
˵껰÷÷ͬڴĿųϣ϶Ĵ𰸡
Ƿ׷ǹʣΪһͬѧϵ͸ôĹգ
ֱ˾ȻΪҽɲǵ¡
˼ҵֱ˾ʱȱˡ
Ļش޺÷÷ϵЦݶʱеΡ
˵ɺٻŽֱ˾ʮĽͳһȥύĹ˾
û뵽ֱӸܾˡ
޲ĵļЦҺ÷÷ĹԲʧһɣ˵ݣ˽Լҹ˾ӦһⶼûУԲԣ
˼ҪǲȱˡһĻش
£޺÷÷ЦݱýӲ
ޣĸ̲סһ䣺ҽѾˣչһͬѧԸ⣬ôСô£
Ȼ뷨ǾԲ˵ģֻͷ
Ů÷÷ûлģ˳Ĺ˾ܽύˡ
Ӹ΢ŰɣԺϵŶ÷÷˵ţ΢Ŷά򿪣Ȼֻ쵽ǰ
ֻɨ룬΢š
޲ûмӳ΢ŵ˼żʱգԼĳɾδزܺͳȣȻ˾ĻᣬԼαعأ
ֻ÷÷Ҫֺó˼Լѵͳİˬ
ҳһӣӦ÷÷Ĵǳ⣬Ե÷÷Ů򹷡
ȿȣ˵һ£Ȼҵĳ·;ңԶͷˡ仰û˵꣬˼Ѿǳԡ
ʵʡῪأСʱ·̣û뵽޻ͷѣԼȷʵ޲죬ֵͷҲӦõģǿڵһᰴմ⳵ļ۸Ǯ㡣
ⲻǮ಻˼˵ȴҽСǽ˾ҲҼƽǮ




1922¡賵
 

޹ճ·ѣŮ÷÷һ£ȴֱӡ
޻˼Ҳúס
˵ƽͷѣʵǮ
ĳǮӦõģô˵˰ɡƮƮĻһ䡣
࣬ûС·Ѷϳĵز
˵ҵĳ´лĻҺ÷÷һ£Ǹһʲôо
šسֻӦһ֣ûܾҲûӦ
ƺսġ䡱̬ȡ
Ȼºܸߵ˵Ҳ˵ʱҿһĳܣ԰ɣ
һֱ볢һ¿ʲôζ
İµA4Lֻżһ߳һ㶼ۡ
ʱ򿪳ȥȽʣҲӡ
ö֮ϰĺϽ֣ԽԽƽ⣬ͬʱִܳҲԽԽǿҡ
ݵλûЩ߹˾ƽཻܽ赽ǵܳ
ܳҵ񣬵˵Ǯܳǲܵġ
νɵĹϵͳʶܿܳһǧ򼶳ܵΨһᡣ
ȺڴĿ⣬Ȼ䲻ȵĻӦûʲôÿģǴߣܿͺá
仰Ǳܾޡ
ⲢСֻ賵һʶ˿ѡ
޺÷÷仰װƵ˼¡
ѳ˵ɴߣͺĳ˵׬һֻʵһСĿѡ
÷÷ľúЦȴһ㲻ƽ⡣
ţ֮Ĳôôأ
ԼѿʮİµϣѾͬǿܶˡ
ǳҲ࣬ȴǼֵǧĳܡ
еĲֱһϣһ¡
Ҳѹ˼ôװƣøװ
Ҳòƽ⣬Ϊ˹ѿܵ񫣬ûģô˵ܶ˵Ǵߣ˵ɲǰǽҿ죬ֲʧʲô𣿡
ˣһôƤôأ
ѻ˵ôˣһȻ賵
ɫǺܸ˵ӣ÷÷޵ӣٴαӡ
㲻ɫĳҲУ˵㻹һٶıŷ½GTҿһûϵɣ
˵һûٸɴ飬Ȼӵ鶼֪ôԺĺܴ
ˣûдӦ˼
˵ͬѧϵмʵ˸ɣ˵׽ֻǵһμѡ
Գܽ賵ȫˡ
Ǻֵܻɣ֣ʩΰ賵Ǳ˵輸ˣֻҪ뿪쿪졣
ޣһ¿ʲôоĻʡкܶҵ뿪ʲôƷƶСʵڲͷˣֻܸ顣
޶ʱɫе㲻ÿҪûǮ⳵õЦ˵ô໰
УҸ⳵ȥ˵ƢĻްתǰһרĿӡ
ν賵̸Щ죬óձ΢
÷÷óҽѧô๱ףӦǸ˽˲Ŷԣû뵽˽ôС
֪֪֮Լʲˣ޵ŵԣҲͽˣѡվѵϣϾԺҪ޽ӡ
һ·˶û˵ʲô
Դˣֵ徻ڵݡλ˼뾳磬ںһʡ
ǰûаҽʱĵ׾һɰϲ˵׻ȥķһЩǮƵˡ
ȻҲܺȫһֱףʱ仹緢΢Źһֵѣк֪Ľ
·̣طѩȥŷѧ
һؽطѩܿͻ캣УУѾȲҪˡ
һСʱ󣬳طѩ죬óӵִﰲء
ްѳɸǰźõľƵǰ
ޡ÷÷³һƵꡣ
һȥͿЦӭ
㵽ˣɶ˵Ǹһӵ
ֵܣŶû˲ٰסɣ˼£٩һ䡣
ȷʵ˲٣ǰݾݵģȥƶ֡
ھͲһˣϳ⣬˷ϲ¾ˬ񶼱ǰ˺ܶࡣ
ٺ٣ٻղұιˣڨЦһͳֿ
ȻſһԵ޺÷÷
ޣ÷÷ԼˣҸǰ˷䣬ѾˣҪȥϢ𣿡ͬѧɾԵúܿûкͳ޼䡣




1923¡Сسĺ
 

һ·ûԶȳԸɡ˵
һԴ¶˼ɫǱǸû뵽һ㣬ɣҰŽļλͬѧһԷȥһ¥Ҹλãȥͬѧ
Уȥɡ˵ţһװ޲ãȥͦߵģпڸˡ
뵽ɶʱûɶ£ȴñãôߵľƵ궼ˣﲻеġ
һ˵õȮ죬˵ľǻ˰ķһп
ɿɲ֪İȳɳļȮֵܣҪҪһԣ
⡣ǲôȥ
Ҳûʲôãһ£Сسǵ̬
͸һȥɣʵ̫æûд㣬ɱֵܰٴڨЦ
һ˻ɼһȭЦʲôüƽϵģæȥɡ
ãɸ󣬴˵¥ȥˡ
ޡ÷÷һ߽ƵʱѾ˲ˣûʲôλúѡ
޼״˸Աʵûλ𣿡
λϰ壬˼ûλˣ滹УǲĻԵλԱ˵ţָָǽ¶λ
޵üͷô䣬㻹ȥ᲻ģ
ʵڲ˼ԱǸҪԵȰСʱǱһĿӦðСʱߡ
СʱôãˣǾȥˣܲСسǵķ̬ȣλöŲãԵúܲͷ§Ů÷÷¶λȥ
ں棬ԱСֹⲻͷҵС𣿳ȥû죬ôţ֪ĻΪʲôء
Աô͹ЦСѾֹһƵĳ
ܶȥʡǻˣ󶼻̭ϼⲻáǲá
һŻϼҲУϼҵůĴܲġ
ߵ¶λͿŮ˹
ֱжŮǻɵĸСͬѧ
޺÷÷ʶ
к֮ЩͬѧĽȫڳϡ
ȻްѰµϳԿ׷ϣЩͬѧĸ֪ǽٷأ
ҽƶʡ֪رڽϢˣ֪ҽѧﴳͷ
ڼżҽˣҽܸܲǩ
ҽҷǳҽںܺڵûѧҽҪȻҾͿ԰Ϊʦˣ
ҽܼܲӸ΢ţҶĽѾã
⼸ͬѧǿ˼䡣
Щͬѧüþյĵܼӵ΢ţѾоĪ˺㡣
޺÷÷̬ȣΪ졣
ҽôĴѧʱھϼʹޣôһͽ˼ûأ
ֻ޴˿̵Ŀ⣬ƺȫĳ
ҲΪѡ
ޣڿʲô÷÷ʵ
÷÷㿴Ǳʱݿ綥棬ֵٶ򣡡޿ͣ¶Աһ˫ĿŹ⡣
仰ڣͬѧ׷ȥ
һͬѧ͵㲻ǳԣһ۾ͿⱣʱݵúͼ۸˰
ǵȻΪԺܿ¶֮ɫǰʲôּܿĺǰû˵
˵ĸģҿ⳵ͦ¡÷÷ųӣһ˿ۡ
ܣҡͷŮѵĲ²⣬ʲôһⱣʱݾԲصģҲܿó
ǾͲûϵ÷÷еɺ
ǧܣø߲ʣֵֿٶıʱݣʱԼѵİµȻζ
صģǾͺ˵ˣ
˵ţվʱ߹ȥ
÷÷ļƬ
÷÷һʱûӦ
һ¾ͿˣŽʱװء
˵ĳñ鷳ǵǻɵĻ񣬳ϣ޸Ҫ鷳
仰ĵײ
ԼĺԸҲˣ˵ĺļƬ˵ģΪԼͷܶô
ǺǣҸ賵㲻ϽûϵⱣʱݿɲģϲоļôˣ޵Ļ͸¶һ˿




1924¡װ
 

ô˵ҲȰ
÷÷׼һʱ߳һԱǸղź˵Ǹ
Ա̶߳˵ޣɱʱգʱݳǲ𣡡
ŶʶңһҲûбԱĻŵΪԼڱسˣССķԱʶ˵˵Ᵽʱݵĳ˭
Ҳʶȼ˾ܶٵѣܸʶɣԱȻһСɫԱظٷǳ˽⡣
ͳһļͬѧǰرˣ֣ɫһ¾ͱˡ
ٿǱس竸٣аԵϰһֻ۱һֻۣζӺ֡
Ա˼٣ߵġ
ϷԱ̧޷ǵûк£ЦΪ˭ԭٵѰǾˣҲٵѣϸ¸պٺȹƣٵѾҵѣ˵ҽѵĳգǽôֵõһԱ𣿡
޴˻һԱһʱɫǺ죬֪λӦ
Ȼ֪޵ļҾûʲô˲ģ˼ұϾʡǹԼվֻһԱȷʵûʸ˵ʲô
Ա߻ز޵ɫɵøӵ⡣
÷÷Ҳһɵӣ棬ѱȲǰرأ޶ٻЩİ
÷÷Ȱһſųġ޴ڱʱԱ߰÷÷һ˺üš
÷÷ԼҲģǽһͬѧġ
ºͱʱݺռʮţеδ
׼Ȧҫһ£ȻҪĸʡǵ΢źѿģһЩ֪Ȧѡ
޼ŵļͬѧɫеĽֵҶļţֺյĻɲడ
޿ȥչգֵطȫͬ
չֻһ¾ͱ˿ˣ޷װȡ
ʱͣڱؾƵ꣬˺պ÷Ǳ΢źѲᣬΪʱĳ
ȻҲȦ˵һ˽ҴˣܸԼһء
⼸ͬѧֻĽźװƣôգʱݶǵģαطأ
ٵĹϵԽѵĳգǿûС
ûһͬѧվıһ䣺ôСҲˡ
ţɴԼʱݣڱʱݳ֣޲һѺ쭳񫡣
һ߸һ߶Լͬѧ˵ϲƣҲżߣٵѽʱݣʱǳȥһȦȥ߶磡
ȷõ𣿡һͬѧе㲻̫š
޵ĺһҸʲôϵѽһⶼûУ족
δ˵꣬ͻȻһȣִӱʱϷſ
ޱһתͷȥֻ׳ڵ߹
÷÷ŵõ㵽ޱȥ
ֻˣԶ˭Сеģ
ǲٵ£СӸٵĳòͷˣһ׶Ŀڵ
Ȼ׶סˣھŹȣʵ˭ǰؿûˡ
ٲСسǵģٵѣʶɣ귴ʵ
޵ڶˣղǸԱҲʡ
ӵƶŶˣⱣʱǲٵģٵѣǴҶԼˣλֵܿû˵ޣҲٵѣǿȥ١
ǲ˭ٵĳǾҴ򣡡
׳һԲϣֱȭͷϡк
û뵽˵ʹıһȭʱᶼ쭳ˡ
ӴӴôҴˣҿٵѣһʹһ߶ܡ
ӣÿһȭܴʵûӾͰ޴ñס
λϵļͬѧȥֹôͣȫŵôסˡ
ͻȻҽ书Ҳ˿ҲҪʲôˣæԳȵҽȾң
ҽһްɣ÷÷Ҳſǻ
̲סҡҡͷһվװװˡ
һʼûгֹΪ޳Եͷԡ
޺÷÷ҲֵܵĻʲôӣǱվ˲ǰ
ٵû뵽ô죬ʲôӶû壬ͱַŵ
㡢˭ôڵϵһ־ŭʵ
ûлشҲûش
𣬵ݺݵĽеҸɵȳͷǾǵǲ٣ΪԼ㹦˲ǲٶˣ
Ŷ𣿡вΪ⣬ֻǵ³֣ɡ
ҵţ껥ʮǱӳƵꡣ




1925¡ͻƵ
 

ҽ
׶꣬ɵļͬѧ׷̾
÷÷һ߷סޣһ߶Գллл㣡
΢΢ͷһҲûил˼
ûбˣһӻŭ˵ģҿٵѣʲôٵ¾ȻҴңһҪǺÿ
ޣҪ˰ɡ÷÷ϾŮӱȽСֵˣɲǳʲô鷳¡
ޱͷưոݣ߷߲ƽĵУҪǸٲǸͷ£޻ôڰȥ
÷÷Ҳǣ˻һ޶صĸ۸ͷˣһζĻΪ˵Ц
뵽ԼٵĹϵʲô١
÷÷Ȱ޲һϵѪ
ʹóֻҪٵĵ绰
ʱڵ߽һˡ
ʮı뺷ӣ߹
ɵļͬѧʱŻˣƣ˾ǻϵġ
ʮֺ߹ǸˣװϴһʿˮȥǸǮĸ١
ղűܵ죬վٺ档
˵֮˵ָָٿ
Ƴ˳һۣûи˵ǿԭص޺÷÷
ٵĳ
㡢ǲ٣Ӧ
˵Ļǲɡ
ûҾǲ٣ʱҸûãͱװƣҵİǲǣٵĻԽԽվʮĻ죬޺÷÷ɫԽԽס
÷÷Ѿŵ˵ˡ
ȻͨͨĿ滹ǿά򶨣һ˵٣֪ٵѣٺҴСһӴģҲǣǶһȦģ²״ˣͲ̫˰ɣ
˭һȦˣ㿴ͷͱһȦ𣿡һĲмͱģ̹ྸͷǸȻ⳥Ūҳӵķ飬Ҿͷߣ
һɫһ¾ˡ
پȻҪͬѧǵ¿ͷǸҪ⳥飬ⲻڳϺ˸
٣Ƕٵѣ㲻ôɣҲûĳôļƬѣȻ¾͹Ҵˣ˶õģ޻ھ
ٸĻ᣺ϻô࣬˷ѱʱǲǣ˵һûֵܵҽҩأ㿴˳ôˣ
Ų仰ڣվװʹݵģƽʱûڴ϶ˡ
Ȼ㾴ƲԳԷƣҾټҽҩѣ뵽ϣûУ˵꣬ĵסޡ
˿̵ޣֻоԼп˵
õóʮ飿
죬ֲ˵ģǳ֣ôҲܰҽҩ㵽ͷϡ
Ҳ̫˵ǳģϾԼ֡
¹ǲҪֵܰŻͷǸټ޳ĬԽԽͷ
ʱߵ÷÷͵صǻĶԲĵ٣˲С˹Сƽ˰ɣʵòʮǮ
òʮǮǲǿµϹֽòǾó֣ٽǰ˵ƵͣİµA4Lޡ
ô˵࿩һ£ʱЩܲˡ
ΪһˣԼİµϱߣǼֱҪ
٣²Ҵİǡǳ֣ͻԼĵߣҧҧָ
ԴˣκαʾҲеһ˿⡣
ʲôûļһɼöˡ
һΪٲ֪СӣҴʰޣңȹ˵
¿ͷǸ޾޷ܵ顣
˶͸ǽ
ϼǰݳ衣
٣ȻңǾͲҪٳˣǿѹͷߣϣʿɶֹ޾ϼǰӲһء
ϼ˼ʶһ£޲ǮƵĸ١
ֻ仰һڣȴЦ
аȥ٣Ҹ绰Ļᡣ
һ޿ֵӣĵ֡
Ǻԥֻͨٵĵ绰롣




1926¡ɳ
 

٣ǰһĸ٣أʶٵ˱ʶϰֵ˻Ҫࡣ
Χ۵ţĺٺ죬ܰôٰƽ¾û⡣
޴绰¶һɵɫ
ٴӦˣһ˵̸Ϲ
޳׻ָġ
ٹȻѵģһ£Ϲ̫ˣ
޵ɫ뿴ٹ϶û⡣
޵Ů÷÷Ҳһپϵ
ǺϾĿԼıʱݳϣһҲ¸һֻ̣
ӣ˾ͿһŹʵĸٴӾƵ漱Ҵҵ߽
٣޴ϲе٣죬ֵ̫лˣ
߽ĸ٣Ǳү١
СүϺȦеأƺոմӱ·ò̫롣
޴кȴǷ·𿴲һ㣬ֱ߹ߣһΡ
÷÷һԾ
ֻپֱߵǰЦݵ٣ǰô֪ͨһҺýӴ㰡
ߣôţƣһ͸һǺýӴ˵꣬ǹЦ
һϵЦݶʱе㲻ڣԲ𣬲٣ǧ
˵ĶԻޡ÷÷ΧߵﻹףǱݵλߵĸ٣
ҲڸЦǸˡ
ޡ÷÷һֱ³ϵıȿ޻ѿ
Ϊǵľǣڿ̫ˣ
رޣ֮ǰһֱּĸ٣ڰߣǳȥҲ˶١
û뵽ٵļͥȻٻ²̨ˣ
ٸǸȻޣɫһŭȵޣıӵǲǣȻҵ٣
ҡ٣һжᡢᰡᣬıԵҲ԰ס
ٴŭүɵƽʱͰװ԰ڣھȻٵİҿҽԺˣ
٣֪ˣͨһŲٹ¿ͷ٣Բ۲ʶ̩ɽҸͷԲһΰɣ
ˡ
ҡҡͷ֮ɫ
ղҸᣬԼգĻʲôãҽ鲻ɵȸúܲˬ㵱ɳץ
һ£ץס޵첲޴ӵϾ
һĻ֣̿٣Ҫ֪ˣʮ飬ʮвУ
֪竴٣ʲô鶼ɵó
ĵĻĺܱܿС
һ̣ΪʮСǮ鲻ãǮûã
һ䣬ͻȻݣһϡ
ž
Χ۵˿ˣۡ
÷÷ŵÿ޳ˣ٣ˣ
÷÷һȥŲٵ£˵ţҪ÷÷һߡ
ֹ٣٣޵Ůѳòһ档
÷÷ô˵ǱŲˡ
ɲ뱻Ūһ竡
һ΢΢Ź⣺ȻٸȤҽ׷ٺ٣
٣٣ǱŮѣҵĴԲ𣡡޵ĵ
˵꣬žһֱһơ
˵𣿡
ٻƾò񫣬ָ޵ϥһš
ʹ
ǲټȭߣȫȻ÷÷Ա߿
Χ߿÷׷ҡͷǧá򲻸ðѱװͷȥ
ٶҪеĸ٣ֻܰװױ
ŮҲҪꡣ
ã÷÷ͻȻһܰﵽǡ
ˣȻǳ
ҽҽѣ챻ˣ÷÷ܹץųһֻ첲
ǳȫΪ
ղѾְһΣ޲мҲˣָǴˡ
һΣ֡
ұ𿴲ٴúݣʵֻЩƤˣڳ
Щ竸Ȼʹˣִ֪磬İ˴
ٴһȻԼˣǰڴ
ٻòˣһ֣ƺǸʲô
¿٣ѹү̫ðɣôˣ
þãСسǣ۵ɵȣ˭ҵﱾ٣ٺݺݵһ䡣
æͷǣ٣
˵ţӶͳһװɫҺСƿ١




1927¡һϢ
 

ٴСƿһڽƿеɫҺ븹С
ٱֹסˡ
๾࡭
󣬲ɫǺ죬˫Ŀų˷ܵĹâ
Ȼ岻ϲһȥΪˡ
Χȫˡ
٣Ȼڴͥҩ
ֱΪ
ûһ˸վ˵١
ֻ㷢һӣתתԴָǡ
أ޵ֲһˡ
һ˷̬ܵ
ͻȻ䣬һЦȻץһµָԼֺһȭ޵ĸ
һȭҪǴеĻ޾Ҫȥ
÷÷һڣЩ赹
ڲٵָ޵һ˲䣬˸оӰһһͻȻڲٺ֮䣬һֻǯסٵ
ˡ
ղŲٶֲأֻܵƤ֮࣬Ҳùܡ
ҩ֮Ѿղסִ磬Ǽƣ޻Ĵ
Գò֡
ҲΪޣΪԼֵܻɡ
ǻɵĴ֮գҪǽɵͬѧǶԻ˵Ĳ
ץסٵ󣬳΢Ѳ˦ϡ
СӣҶ٣ټ״ݺݵĵ˳һۡ
ٵʮ£뽫Χס
죬ٴӵϷ
۾ɺĵסٻûʰ㣬㵹Ǽ
ʮ֮ڣҪʧǰƳ˲һۣﲻκ˵
Цٷ·ʲôЦ飬Ц
ʮ£ҲһͬЦ
Ӷ䣬һԼӣҽΪ캣лʡᰡ֪زμͬѧ񣬵Ȼأ֪˵㣡
ʮˡ
ҡҡͷ۵ӹһ˿֮ɫ
붯֣ڰغˣ书ܸߵĴţǲ֪£ҺͲٿɲǴСŴģ˰ҲùԹԵţ
٣Сӷϻȴһ˵ˣղֱ˦ڵأǹ˷ܾͻ޴йֻó
òٷԸʮ˹ѳ˰ڵϡ
˾Ŀ£ֻǽһʮͺɳȥˤ䡣
ٺ죬ôԤϵõ书ȻȴŵĻҪߡ
ֶû壬ʮ׳ͱˡ
ڰˣԻḶۣľ壬ȴʶв
ǴŰⱨԼıҰǺ½ǱߵĴУҪǸҶһ£Ұȫᣡ
ðϰֶйЦЦóֻһϢ
ǰɣҰֳֶʰ㣡ٻΪϢ˹
ʵִ竸١
Ϣ컪齻컪С
ٺͲֱ绰Լϰ֣Ŀų
ٺŵĳ´ҽĺӵͷˣǵıܹģ
ǣ𣿡΢΢һЦ߻Լλ¡
ٺͲٶһۣǶ֪Լĸ׺ܿͻ˹
޺÷÷һ㷲ĵȴš
Ƕ˵ʡʶٴǰأɽ߻ʵԶӦǾ仰ǿѹͷߡ
ΪҪȺܾãûӣȽӵԼϰֵĵ绰
֣ûУ
˶Ӻˣ˸ڵ绰ŭӣԱߵ˶һ
һ룬ʵ֣ôô˵ѵƽһ𣿡
ãΪ˳ҽӽ쿪ʼǼҲƲȫ׳ȥҽҵҵ͵ҲûˣԺֻȥɨ֣
ʲô
ٳ׵Ĵסˡ
׶Ļỳͨ˸ϰ֡
Ÿʲô̸ҽ¹Ȼ˸ǷŭǽţҪóҽˣǿɲֹƣҪ
һУ˵Ļﲻм٣˿ĳ׵ˡ
ʶԼʲôĴ
һϢϰҵ
ֱ
ͬʱӵԼ׵绰Ĳ٣ٱһģһ
˶޷ܵʵɵˣ
Χ߲˼УŰĸ٣ֱӹڳǰϿͷġ
ҽԲǲõģˡһΣ
һҸ룬̴ǰʧ˵
ٺͲæĴӵԳ˸ȻʮֻͳƵꡣ




1928¡˽
 

һϢٺͲٱɥ֮ȮһԵ޿ɵˡ
δô¾ʡһҲ޷̼ƾҲ
˿̣޲ףΪʲôʼô
˵ǧֻǴߣһҲװȡ
Ǯ˼ֻһˡ
ҽղšǳԲллңߵǰڨڨ
Ƴһۣû˵
ĵ֣̿Ϊˣͷսսĵҽ˰ӣñ˵ĳװƣҪְҰƽʵڶԲûȥμӻɵĻˣȻȥú÷ʡԼ
㻹ȥҽԺɣճμӡһĻڸĵӣҲ˵ʲôô˵ϲƣȱϯͲ̫á
ллҽ£Ժһ͵ˣԴϲϵʹƺҲ˼֡
÷÷Ĳ£һȳһյ߳Ƶ꣬˸ҽԺˡ
ͻɵļͬѧ󣬱һ˻صԼķ䡣
޺١ٵ飬Գ˵ֻһСòЦĲһԺҲɢ
󣬳վڴڣŴ޺˸ˮΪ֣һ
ԴձΪ޽ӽԲʱʱʱĳӿ
Ҫ˵ֺĸоʲôԼҲ˵
ڶ죬ɵĻھС
ͻɵͬѧһžϯʮ֣ɵ𵱳ᰵĶ硣
ǳ磬᰽ź
ܱ֮ܽ·Ѿ޾ɺãǵǳվûԲ֡
Ҳ꣬Ҹúͱˡţһڲˮ
ܿ죬ʼУһɽ亣ζͬ˷׷׾ٿꡣ
ϸһȻʮ
ֻһͨʵϰԤֵֻܰڸʮ
ǰغܶˣ֪ʡϼ߾ͣҺϯҽʦǺֵܣǿȥֱ˾ϰ࣬ũTVɷݡ
˻ϼҵǣ̬ȻͲһˡ
ŻɽھƣЩȫʾܶæҲҪ
ʣѩ̿٣ࡣ
žϯ᲻ͬײŮٻྴơ̸ЦύɣһСسǵ񣬳в𵭵
ھߣкܶƣȴеޱȵĹ¶
ԼֺܽȴһּǿҵС
ָоͻԲĳֲɺӵϵ
ȥɡٻ˫˵ЦڣóһصİС
·ͻȻ֮䣬ˡ˼붼硣
˽Уͻƾһ֮ˡ⣬¶һĨЦ⡣
ϲƺ󣬻ɱó༸졣
ȴˡ
ϣصʡỨС
һûлȥ԰ȥķӡ
ߵʱ䣬ᰡƳζû°࣬Ҳᰵܲð칫
ķӣֻԼһˡ
ǰš
󣬷Ŵ򿪣һβ衢òӢĸļƷŮվſڡ
ȥϲƣôͻˣ鴩ȫڣƺ깦
ţҽڰס˵ţһ߽ӡ
䣿
ǰƶѧԺĶѾͻƵڰˡһϲȻΪԼĽٶԺ
ôһ˵΢оȡ
뿪ƶѧԺѾȥʱ䡣
뿪ѧԺʱǶأû뵽ʱ˵ڰء
ֻ˵Ǽ׵ϵĹʣٶȿܹĽѧԺЩͨѧ
һ㣬뵽̹츳ѧܡī׿磬Ҳ֪ʲôȡ
һ֣ҵٶ㲻죿
˵껰ڴĿų۾
ЦЦȻǳ죬ûйҵĽ̵
ԼòãɶԼڿʱָ𣿡ԭڴô佱û뵽Լӣһˬӡ
ЦŨˣҪľǴ׶ΣĻҴµģνʦţпˣҲ͸պúѡ
鱻仰ùһ˫ǵɴ˰֡
һѵͲ˵ЩĻ
Ǹûкĵʶ




1929¡ϵ
 

ҵţٹ£ҾͻʱĿ࿴
Ǻǣǹһ󿲣ûôͻơһֱɰ˹ⶺġ
ȻûôױԽԽţͻֻǱعƣҵžͶˡ
ðҿ϶˵½ٴһЦ˶ֵȻ˵Ұûָ㣬ھһɹϹء
ʲôϹأ鲻ԡ
СӵԴÿд裬Ҳѹ;粻ռ˵ˡ
㻹ռұˣߣУ黰δ䣬һĳһֲ
Ԥϣͬĳһƣӡ˵һд˸൱
ףͦ
õĳޣ鲢ûһ˿⣬ǼʹƮݵƷһûʹɹרĵ㣡
ۼƷƮѹԼʵĳһʱЩӦϾ
ģȴǳŨŨľϲ
ȻǸϺӣķ죬似Ҳ¯ࡣ
һûָǰ¡
С˵Լٹ¾ͻǴ֮ԡ
ڿдȭƲཻܼٵžž֮
ӺһƭóŴ󿪣Ȼһڳţѳĵɳϡ
Ӵסؿڷһʹɳˡ
ż֮£Ҳû룬һֻϥǹɳϡһֻ֧ڵأӰſ鿴һ³ǲıˡ
˼һƵ춨ʤ֣û뵽ˡ
仰û˵꣬ǹһĨааЦ⣬ȻͻȻְŮ
£ŷԼϵˡ
ԭǹⱻ򵹣Ȼûռˡ
ʱɫǣſң
飬Ҵôңһ𣿡鱧ýģ֡
һôޣôܴ㣿ǹռұˣɫֻ
Ӷҿˣڱұһʲôɴˣ
৵һպ͸ϼ𵱳ͳ亣˶û·óһʱ䶼ǳԡ
һ뵽Ƕ£ûɵľʮˡ
㻹£ǲǣ߳ŭ֮£ȭͷʹؿڡ
û£ͻȻо촽һǱסˡ
ɲǼ䣬Դ˵һ£һƬհס
̰ġ޼ɵӣֱǵһƬ糺죬ֿ̣Ҳӡ
֮󣬳˫ߵĴ۾вӿ֮顣
ԼѾþûһֱһĺա
ҲˣҲˣʲô˶ռˣڻſңҧ촽ûĵ
ڻûô֣΢΢飬иͻķӣҪҪ
ʲôӣһѧйأʱȤ
˸ĹâӣǺ˫ޣԪཻٽΪ
ޣҲŲҪ֮£ڳһΪʲôطأԭɫǲӣ˵ʲô˫˫ޣȥɣ
飬ҿġЦ⣬Ż˵ɬ飬һŶ˫֮ٶ°빦Բֻһţ˫ޣҲͻơ
ȻóڿЦһ뵽˵ķ磬һʱԽܡ
ҪǡǸĻȥƳκ۰͡
ǲһҵ˫֮ǳԵӳܲסǶأһⶼûС˵ţһ㷢
ߵõͷȥҡǶǷޣôܡ
˵Ĭˡ
ʶôã֪ǸܱصŮ
Լûиһ֣ռĻȷʵǺܺá
뵽ſ飬˴ɳ
飬㲻ĻҲûϵʵڲʲôͻԲҲڤڤһ˿٩˼һ˵
ԣգգ۾˵ֻһţͻӦúܿ˰ɣ
Ҳһ̫ȷĻش
ͻȻ뵽ʲôԲĻǲǾ޵ˣ




1930¡¼
 

޵л˵ϡǰλܿʵԲ֮ϡ
Ǿ棬Ѿǿ÷ǳ̬ˣϾȻ˱ȳʲôĹ
漴뵽ٶô죬ԺͻƣĳԺǰǰĶ֡
㻹ͻưɣһʲôһҵͷһߺʵ
һ磬ǽڡ
˵ţͻȻ̾һ
ôˣ鲻ףΪʲôͻȻ֮̾
һϧĿ˵ʱĵϡͻƽڼǲܵ飬Բ㵽ͷˡ
һΪ᲻֪أԭֻԲ𣿡һĲ졣
һֱóΪԽԽߣûһҲͷ
ЦһɣǱȽڻңɼ飬Ժǿʵֻܴ֣䣬Ҳʱȥ罣һˡ
뷨Ųġ
Ȼ޷ֻ޵ԲǾͱ뿪һ·
ǰġ񡱺͡ħ֮ӡʵܱܿԲʿǿҲ˵λ϶ʲôط
ˣϿ϶źܶǿзš
ĹǧҵĴС
Ŀǰԯǿ󣬻δ֪
Գѡ䣬Ͼй綥ŽڵĹϵ
ҲҪ𣿿ǹ侳Ҳ޷޵Բɣһ⡣
϶Ļش֣ȻԲʿǹ侳Ӧòֹûиߵľ磬漰أֻн𡢻߻ʸʦڤּ֪
Ǹȥһˣһ¹𣬷ǽڿ䣬ҪʹӦúס鵹Ǻֳ֧
ϾԼҲܺ棬Ĺ侳羿ʲô
ֵʸһκҼ棬˵ʦѾԲռͻƣѾȥһʱ䣬˵Ѿͻˣȹ꣬Ҿȥһˡ
ƺ뵽ʲô죬ֹ
仯ĵʵôˣ飬𣿡
ûУҾľܺá黹ǲ˵
˵ʲô¾˵ɣѵ𣿡
ǵġĺ֪ԥһ£Ǿ˵ˣʵǹҵļ
ļӹ֮ɫ
һֱΪĸĸ⣬ѵĲһ
Ϊһ˵ҵĸĸͨ˶Բԣ
΢΢һЦֱӷ˳Ĳ²⡣
ʵҵĸĸͨˣڹסٻعҴСǸʦ䣬Ҳĸ˵顣
ֱҸĸϵҲŷ֣ԭҵļ壬˵ļ壬ԨԴ
ҰƱ
δ˵ȥѿڶգضʮ֮һ
ܹ֮ô췴ӦΪԭ֮սȥЩĹա
պͼաԯһضʮϡ
Щϵˣܿܶǧҳ
Գ˵£Ǿ֮ɫѵҲǳǧң
ԭ֪ضʮϡҲͦ죬û뵽֪ĹյԨ޴˵ضʮϣеѾϺеĴ񣬹Щϵļ壬Ǵ˵еǧҡ
ô˵ǧ¼ҵѪҺĿ⣬е㲻һ
ҡҡͷ¶һ˿ЦЩǧΪ˱֤Ѫÿһ޳޷ϰ崫еҲ˵֪ҵ⹫¼ҴУһͱ޳ˣӵдѪǱˣǷּˣֻסᣬԶҲûʸȥҡ
ȻأԤУҪ˵¡
˵Ȼ͵һˣ֪ǧҷǳԼļףǱּҵļϣ׫׵ıˣÿ궼ҷּµǼһΣѷּҵУҲÿ걾˺ͷּ˵Ψһһϵ
°꣬ƶѧԺһ¼ӵܱգ¼ӵܽѧԺ˵ѧԺߵļҵ֣ȥ˵ʱ׫׵ĳͨףȷҾ¼ҵķּӵܣҳ֪츳֮󣬾Һҵĸĸлرҡ
˵һʵò˵¼Ҿڹɣ
û˿϶Ļش




1931¡ľ
 

˵ı¼ڹ磬һ¡
ԭǧңȻ͹й
Ҳֻ֪ǵ¼ˣǧҶסڹ
ڶԣΪС
Ϊ֪һԼ׳ɵĹأǾǲ
ԯսǧ֮һԯңȴٷѡһͷ¶棬ԯѵûܵŵľ
ƺʣ͵ǲ֪ǧôסڹ
⣬ҴǱԭ󣬲֪ԯսҲǧңԾ͸ˡŨŨɻ
ԯսҲǧ𣿡Ϊ죬ҲǣͻȻ֮һźճΪٷһ֣ļ϶̼ҵĸĸ֪ǧסΪǺͱҼһйϵ޷˽ǧҵţֻܿ϶˵¼סڹ磬ԯҺҾͲˡ
ԭˡ˵ͷ
¼ҵı˹Ÿ߹ѪҺûѷּ˵Լġ
õ¼ұ׫׵ıҳϣ׽ҷּ˵ǼʱضǸ߸ϵ̬
ʱ뵽һ⡣
飬ȻǧҵĴС̶ôΪʲô¼ҵıҵӣҪȥƶѧԺѧϰأԼļ崫вͺ𣿡
֮ԾøǧҵĴжɲ⣬Ϊ˫ԯսչֳʵ
ԯսȻ꺮»ʵںܲ˼顣
ȻҲп¼ҵĴкͼһΪƼǾǿ˵ͨ
⣬ͬ϶Ĵ𰸣Ҳ̫ǾҸĸ˵¼ұڲȼɭϡǳλ𱰣ܿ¼ҷּӵڼλߣûʸ崫УֻѪﲻ崫е
гԣò޵
һɴƶϳֿԣѪ̶ȣּܿڵλҪָꡣ
ǲ̶֪ȣβ
Щ⣬֪Ҳûã¼ҵ˽ҲԼĸĸ
̽¼ҡԯЩǧҵأǵԺǽӴ
ţͻȻԭǧҷǳأ֪ԼļЩǧҲὥˮ档
飬¼ұҴ㸸ĸٻȥǾǵԼˣ㸸ĸҪȥ𣿡ʳĵһ⡣
е㲻ĵĵԼȥңΪ⹫һ𣬱ҾͰ޳壬˵ˣ֪츳ܸߣٻȥΪҸоܲ
ȷʵǲҪּӵܣֻǿĹ츳ˡԴ˷ǳ⡣
鲻ȥңҲǺġ
ɫȻǲȥС
ҲȥҰڵ˼ǳǿңر裬ܵ⹫Ӱܴ⹫ֱȥһ̣رңТ˳⹫ᣬ⹫ԸҰֺܰ裬ԡ
黰û˵꣬Ѿȫˡ
Ҷ˼룬Ȼǧ꣬رЩûжϴǧңӶԼͬкԺиһɱȵġ
ͨ壬Ҳ᲻ϧؽףǻ˶еᡣ
Ȼرңʲôʱȥʵ
ס˵ΪʲôСӸղֹ
飬ǲҺһȥأ
㿴ˡԼıӣе㲻˼ֻ뷨϶ȥףòʱͼžۣҪᰣһԼȥɡ
˵ĻһĪĲͿܸС
Ƕ¼ұҵĿܡ
Ϊǧң¼Ҽ϶кܶĸ֡
鲻ȷԼȥ֮󣬻õػ
Ͼ˵ףվһּˡ
֪¼ұҵӵǣôԴ
һ뵽ż䣬ĸҲܵ۵ִһҲȥҡ
ĵ׵ǣĽС
飬ھ껹вһأʱԣúܣҾȥ¼һˣ¼˶㸸ĸ̬ȲãǾͻ
ͻԲĽҪͷûҪΪң˷ʱ䡣鷴
ԼĲܷͻԲ
ȥ¼ңɽˮҪѵʱɲ١




1932¡ĸĸ
 

ܵ⣬ĸһ㷢ȻЦͻԲһʱҴﵽԲ֮һҪӹѰǿʵĹҪȥһˣղײգͲΪҹ̫
лл㡣ģһ˲䱻ۺҸ
ԴӺͳʶδйޱõĸо
Ҫлңɲֻ˵˵ŶֹааЦ⡣
ʶĻһ̣Ľֱˡ
ɳϽ˺ܾáܾãŷֿ塣
᰺۴ӹ˾󣬳˵ԼҪƳȥ¼ҵ顣
Ȼȫû
ᰣȻϣȥЩԶᡢδ֪ΣյĵشΪ飬ȻҲκӡ
ǵڶϣʰװĳ飬ʡ
ȻҪȥԶ׵Ĺ磬ڽ֮ǰǿԳֽͨߣʡʱ䡣
˻˲ûϷɻǵĸĸӹתʡ
˲һСʱһԴŹŵ人򸾣
򸾵Ĵţÿ͵ע⡣
ںĻˣܶ˶ϲźϽ֡
Ǵ˾ͱȽټˣһǴӹģ˿档
ҲΪ⣬˵ĸԷ򸾴к϶Է򸾵ĸĸ
֡裬ôкʵ
ΪŮԼ֪ĸдİá
裬ҲЦǺǵ˵飬Һˣǻȥңܴ̫ʱСִ̫˺Ըҳһӡ󡣡
Ů򺺷ʱҲһȥϴּ任ϰɡİְƱҲˡ
Ʊһ˵һߴӰͳһɫŮʽ
׺ȴЩͨҪÿö࣬˲Ǯ
Ѻӹûеһʱȥϴּ任ϣе㺦ߵվţ˶е㲻ڡ
ѵÿŮŤŤӣƱһۣи־ϲ֮ɫ
飬һλòѰɣղû̫עڲʽ
Ʊע⵽ĴˣԳĵһӡǹ⻪ϳɡ
ֻǵƾһӡ޷жϳĶ
ĸһ˵ǺߵõͷȥȻ󷢳һ΢ŵġš
󷽷ҽܵ塢°̺ãҾѳĿǰϼŵϯҽʦ
Ӵ汻Ҳ¶ˣƺе㼤ǳϲԣ޲סʳʶ̡
ʵҲֲἤΪƱΪŮԸⱲӿ¶ҵѡ
û뵽Ůҵѣҵһѡ
ֻ뵽ǼҾҪع¼ңһ뱾ƺԼŮҪˡ
ŮǼǣ̫ˡƱ˵һ䡣
ǲμֻеϧкϼŵϯҽʦ޷Ůŵԡ
ϾӽԺǾǧҺˣݵλԶԶһȨơ
壬ҲģǴһȥ¼ҡ
˻һƱͬʱһ¡
ʲôҪһȥӦȻĿų֪Ҫȥʲôط𣿡
֪ҪȥǴ˵еĹ硣һĻش
ĻشȴƱȫ޷
˲ԼͬĿԼŮǵһʱ뵽ľŮѹ˳
˿Ѿˣ΢΢һЦ֡裬ҲǹŶ
֮ǰû˵а۵ݣƱ̫Ծ
˵Ļʱ¼Ҳп֪аݣ𲻱Ҫ鷳
ýаǰ¼ңʲô˼أ
ǿΪǿʳĹĵĸ嶼нġ
Ըɴݡ
𣿡е㲻ţҲģȻǹ֡
Ʊ֣ص˵飬ɱҿЦ¼ҿһ˻ȥ壬ǶҪܵϳ͡
֣ûƭǣܹ֮䣬ǳĹͣΪҽûĴ嵤Ļô졣
ͨóĴ嵤ԼĹ츳Ӽ׵׵ϡ
ûзô嵤׵ʵֻжصʵ
𿴼׵кͼ׵ֻһСΣʵر




1933¡Ͽ
 

ƱͨˣԹ˽⻹Ůûƭǣ˵ˡ
֪Ҳǹߺ󣬷Ŀⶼһ
ţŮ˸ѣȥĻ˵¼ҵʶѳڼ壬ŮͲúͳˡ
ȻǹߣǸһȥû⣬鶼Ʊһóһ׺˼׻ϴĺ׸㻻ɡ
лл塣ڴų⣬Ͼǻĵͳװ
ִƺ󣬲ϵذ
ûų⣬ƱԳ̬Ⱥ⡣
ŮδŮǺܺ˵ġ
ˣϿ컻ϺȻ׼ǻЦŴߴٵ
Խϴּ䣬һͳˡ
ԭһƮɵϢڴϻŵĺʸӳ
ͬʺϴΪȻò沿ͨŮͣ˫ü罣ͦΣеƵϵŮŮֳ࣬ȲʧɫŮɫִͨŮӲ߱ӢϺͺŴŮʿӢˡ
ĳվһ·ƵƵĿ
Ǵûôÿˣ˻ʮֵİ䣡
üЦ飬ͳ·̫ˣ
𣿡΢΢һ죬¶ŮӢԼ֡
ǡôĳһ䣺Ҫ°ѡƷλߣϵĺûѡĺÿ
⺢˵Цøӿˡ
ƱҲ¶һ˿˳ĵЦ⣬óŮĺϲԳӡҲܲ
ֻϣع¼Һһ˺ĵһƱԸ
ڸȥ磬ֻΪ۰Ŷѡ
Ͼƣ¡
һ˵˵ЦЦʱúܿ졣
һСʱ˴˷ɻǰʡͶС
ǰ֪ͨ鸸ĸ¼˵¼ҾڰͶиϿڶϿϿ
ɴ˲룬ϿЩδĵشܿܶڹһ֡
Ҳ֪δξֺι˾ҪЩشʱ᲻͹緢ͻ
СʱķɻһҵִͶлȻͣǰϿ
˾󣬻һ·Ҫ˴
Ʊ⴬ĵطϸ۲
ܿһϢԺ˲ͬĴڽŶƺڴ
ҹƱĳ֣һͬڲͬĴ
ȿȡ
ƱĴ΢̧߶ң¶һӡ
ɽʮ塣⴬һڣһζĹʫ
ƱȻ֪⴬ʲô˼̻شڱС
غƲաޱһ䡣
Ʊæϣ΢硣
û˵һķϻվߵһľȥ
ʱˣڶ԰ء
ܿ¼ҰϿˡ
ľе㵣ģ磬⴬Ȳȵģ
ھõĶǰȫϵߵ֣ȻСľûܣҲʵ͹¡
⴬Ⱥĸȡ򼫶ŵ˵һ䣬Ȼľ
Ʊ׷ϴ
򻮶ʹľϿȥ
ΪԼҪδˣû뵽ļĺܺãղŲǴ꣬ľֿȡ
վڴͷһϿľɫ
ϿԿ£һ·ȥֻϿͻأ͵֣ƣۣתǧأ䣬˵Ļȣʫ黭⡣
¼Ҳǧңطסɸ̾һ䡣
΢΢ų壬ʲôҲû˵
˿ǣҪԼܺͳɾ֮Уд裬ӣǺεȵң
һɫ֮󣬳ͷƱ򸾣Цʵ塢°̣ǻع¼ҺӦò׼˰ɣ
ȵ¼˵Ʊ˼أŮסϿһӣҵ뷨ǲԼĲҵ⣬Ҫ¼һ£ǣһ̡ܲܳ
Ӧûʲô⡣ƱֻǸͨˣ¼Ӧò
Ʊ仰˵󣬻ĴһֻۣǺûʲôʾ
ľϿ֮һ·У߱ϼȾ֮ʱͻȻͷתһİˮ֮С
Ʊеš
ˮܿʹȥˣһӹ󣬳ֻоǰȻʡ
뵽ˡһ䣬νýϿ




1934¡Ϲܼ
 

룿˵֣뵽ղƱʹԵǾ䰵ţɽʮ壬ڱС
Ͽ츣أǽȡ׹ʫеıһġ
Ʊһϰһ۾ͿһƬﻨ㣬˸оԼɾ
ǺʱڣϿ캮ض⴦츣صȴߵö࣬һ㺮ĸоûУǳ档
ʲôõطѵɾ𣿡ʮ־ϲĴΧĻ
ԭΪ¼ǧңסɭϵŴԺһ·еš
ڰϵ󻺺Ľ
ƱҲһ¼סġ롱ʲôµĵطҲͷĶˡ
߿㣬Ϲܼڵǡһ˿䵭˵껰ǰȥ
һŴһ·룬˴ԼӺһǽߵĸۡӳ֮С
ϣܿЩɫĽӵһΰ¥
¥Ϲһңдš롱֡
Ʊ̾һ䣺ǧҵ𣿹ȻͬѰ
Ȳ֪ĻһΪ˻ĵһŴСĴΪ˷ܡ
΢Ц裬̬ôãԼεˡ
⹫ԸǾڣܲ𣿡ֺǺǵģԽԽڴ¼ҵĳˡ
¼ҳУ϶кͬġ
֮󣬵ûôڴ¼ˣԱߵ¥ĸȤ
ȻлĻ϶Ҫȥһ¡
˵¥ͷ¼ҵĴط
߽ƬȺ󣬳ڿ̡
ʯ·ǰ棬мŹŵװ߹
⼸˿һҺ¶Ի֮ɫ
ǿ·ʱʲô
һ߹ʱԴʵǾǽŵӵܣ
ǵġ̵Ļش
˵ôһ
ӵĵڶ⣬ҡͷҲȴȥϹܼҡ
ӵͷ˺ͳ
⼸߹ȥʱ࿴˳һۡ
ǵУһ˿Įųζ
ǲΪ⣬ͷҲأŴ߽һĸۡ
߽ۡĴ֮Уһۿȥֻһ̫ʦϣһԼĪʮˡ
˴źۣ࣬һǸԸŰˡ
˴ˣ˿ڣЩͳ
򹧾ĻشǵģϹܼҡ
ţתͷˣߴٵǰϹܼң
Ʊ֮ǰ˵¼Ҽҹɭϣ𱰷ǳԣֻû뵽һϹܼҵļӶô
úܵ˵أȴҪʺһϹܼңһʱе㲻Ӧûǰ
͸˵ˣһ¼ҵĹܼңƾʲôôأ
ߡϹܼص̫ʦη֣Ǹջرңһضأΰݼ
ԭҪȥʱƱˣϹܼãɷƱǴŮع鱾ңڣȥɡ
ΪŮδƱǾŵ̬
Ͼ¼ҵĵ̣һͨˣٴһǧ⣿
ϹܼҲ¼λߣŵ϶ҲһλߵܲﻹǲҪ
Ʊ˵ϹܼɫԻͣƱһҴģڼæ飬ûռǣȸǰסޡ
ϹܼˡƱл
ϹܼҴ̫ʦվߵǰϸһ飬Ȼ佱Ʊ˸ŮûŮһӶûʸع鱾ҡ
ǡǣŮиƱֻܾЦϹܼ˵
ΪϹܼ߽֮󣬴ѹȸ̫ǿˣòһŵԼ̬
һ㲻ϹܼңǿһӸսţһ
˿£òͷΪŮҲֻܼһ˿Ц⡣
ţϹܼҵߴתƵӡ
΢΢üͷ¼ұ׵ĳû˵ĸˣС˭
Ϲܼ֪黹иܵܽƶǰԲǡ
ѣҲҵļˡ鵱סĸ첲
ѣϹܼһüͷøҲ˵׽ˣ
ҲǹߣˮƽҸߡ͵
Ҫ˵ֱƱȵϹܼңСŮѳҲй츳ϣ¼ܹ




1935¡
 

ǧҳѾã¼ԸǾǽԴϲ鰡Ҳڰ˵
Ϊ˵ĳеЦá
֪ƱΪ룬гΪ¼˵˼
ϹܼԣһΪ¼ңô𣿳СĴ֣ῼһ£һճµˣûʸ¼ңԴһ룬ǱûܸǵС֪˱ڣ¼
Ҫɱ˳ڣʱˣҪ¼ҸҶⱲӶ̤һ
ڲ֪¼ҵĵжܵĳһ˶Ը¼ҡ
ɴԼвϹܼҡ
ô˵ϹܼҲЦ飬Ϊʲ¼Ҿͻع飬Ҹ㣬츳ߵӵܴڣñ̫Լ£
ô˵Ҷҵѹˡס֣ɫʮּ
Ϲܼԭ׼ŭ룬ȻסŭҡҡͷССŮޣȴĸ˼ţԺҲͷԵġ
ͷֻһܼңʸô𣿰סޣһߴȥɣ
ڿˡ
ĵһ仰ͰϹܼĹǺ
Ϲܼû뵽СӾȻҶ˲
Сӣ֪¼츳ӵܣҶҪһ壡һˣҶҲ
㲻Σǿ¼ѪķϣһиķʽҪҪԣ
㡢㣡Ϲܼ̣ɢһӾҪ֡
ʱҴææ߽һŮˣһͶϹܼ˵壬ϯмصʽҪȷһ£ûʱ䣿
Ҵ͹ȥϹܼҿŮˣһЩ
ŮºϹܼĵ˳һۣȻ˵Ϊܼңȷʵܲܲ飬СӣûǸ¼ңҲɱ֣һ֪ͨᣡ¼ҵӵܣͻ֪Ųж󣡡
ҺڴЦЦ
Ϲֿܼ飺㣬飬Ȼ츳Դ룬Ƿ¼Ҽҹ棡ƾһͺܿȡع鱾ҵľ
ʲôƱһ
ԭǴѶӣҲĵܵƶҲֻƶԼ¼ҡ
ôƶ߳ûġ
û뵽Ȼ¼Ҽҹ棡
æ˵Ϲܼңǲǹģ䣬ŮѣԺһˣϹܼҰͨһ°ɣ
֪ˣҿɰﲻǣԼ˵ȥϹܼҿɲ£˶ֵˣǣҪΪ˸ǰסޣȻ˵һļ¡
ʲô£Ʊе졣
֮ǰû˵¼Ҫʲô¡
Ĵ£ǵŮйء
ϹܼҲ˵
һ£½ӵ飬Ҫμ
ڶ£ǺļᣬϽȫӵܽб俼ϣҲҪμӡ
ŮҪμʲôͱ𣿡֮꣬ɫüҡ
ղϹܼ˵¼ұӵܴڣԼŮһعҪЩӵܱȽϣΪŮ
ȻҪμӣϹܼҵɣŮͨͱ俼ϣܱ¼ʽɣɲʲôּӵܶʸع鱾ҵģ
ðɣˡ˵ţŮһۡ
ֻţһҲͺĿ顣
Ҫ˵ô࣬ҴȥԺͷϹܼѾ˵е㲻ͷˣһ䣬ŲܿԺȥ
һҸں档
ԺϹܼҴһķţָָ˵ǽסĵطסǧڱﵽߣǸҲҵĻԼ
˵껰ϹܼͷҲصȥ
߽ͷһֻ沼ñȽϼªҴɨҲɾ֪ܿסʲôݣԴɨʱܷܡ
ƱţѾܾûסôķˡ
˽󣬲Լͬüͷ
ܲˬ˵֡裬¼ҸûǵԼأڶûˣǰôķ䣬֣
飬Ҳ¼ڿǣǾｫһɣͨͱ䣬¼ҸǵĴ϶ͲһˡȻеίʰ




1936¡ҹ
 

ƱҡҡͷסΣŮİΣǵһλǻ֪ʲô便ΣΣգ
μͱ϶û⡣ƱĻ˵ҿ¼ҶһضûУѵ°̷ǵ𣿡
ղţ֮һֱûзҪǿǵƱ
ͶǸϹܼҳˡ
ô˵̾˿Ů飬ɣ費ϣμΣգ㲻¼ңǽߡ
裬ҵӦ¼ңΪ˰⹫Ըô˾أ鲢û뿪˼ҾҪ֤¼˿ּӵܾӵܣ
Ůлл裡жı˱飬Ȼֵ˵¼Ҽ˺ܺã츳ڣܸˡ
ϣ˵һЦЦ
ðҡͷνᣬ¼ҵϹܼҶôѵƽ׽ˣ
ʰӺһ¼
˳극ִ˯
ĸһ˯ø׺ͳ˯һŴ
Ʊͳ˯һŴϡ
Է򸾳ڹ⣬˼뵹ΪţֻҪŮãǲŮռ˱ˡ
ȻܺߣջǴӦˡ
ҹɫƱɵϣȴûһ˯š
˸£ʱڶû˯⡣
賿ʱһ·۳ͶٵƱ˯ˡ
Ҳ΢˯״̬С
ʱͻȻ洫Լƺʲô顣
ȥߵ¥̽һ£Ƿ´ЬҪš
ȥͻȻ
ͷһҲ´ˡ
жȥһ¡
ҸȥС˵
룬ͷӦ
˳ŵĶûгƱ󣬳λܿڽϰĵط
飬ҡ仰˵꣬ӰԾǽȥ
飬׵ĸ˳
ںҹлΪӰܿߡ
С͵վסܣ
¼͵òͷˣ
Ͻ׷ŹС
һĶ䡣
˶һۣӶԷп֮ɫ
ҹģǧ¼ҾȻˣ
ҺûץС͵
ȥ
ӿٶȣȥ
һȺ¼ӵܿһӰٶȼ죬Ȼ˲ͳǣʮ־档
һӰӹٴγһ
ʲôˣ
ǲС͵ͬܣ
׷
ȺźӰǵٶȣô׷ϳ
Ϊ׷С͵˿̵ĳȫ鶼׷ϡ
׷˴Լʱ䣬黹һ¼ӵܳѽڡ
һˣһʯ᾵ڡ
ҹ֮УԱ͸ͫǰɨȥ
һ֮£һںӰڹʯ֮Уƺһ׷밵
ݣ
ƿ֮𣬵ʱһֻͼʸѵš
ԭͽֽסʸʸϾȻŰɫâһ̺Źı⣬ֹЮһɨʸɨɣһߵʯ֮С
ף͵Ϯ߷һ׺һܣˮС
ܵһˮеӰӱ㻹죬һգ۾ʧ͸ͫĿӷΧڡ
óԥҪҪ׷ȥ
Էֲˮԣˮ˵ᷢʲôȻ˵׷ּһվǳ֡
Գֹס˽Ųûиˮ
͵¼ҵĶûʲôϵ
׷С͵𣿡һؾȲʵ
ûС
ҡҡͷƹ磬ĺ󷽡
ʮ¼ӵ˹Χסÿ϶Ǿ͵⡣
Сͬɱۣһȵ
Ⱥ¼ӵܣΪס
ǲС͵ͬǡ
ҪͣΪ׵ϵߣͷƱ磬ǳԵͷУ
˵žҪ֣ͻȻһȻⲻҰ쿴½ӵƸ磬Ǻˣ
ŶΪƵΪɱ´˳һ
¼ӵҲҹɫ
ȻǵĿҪϡ
Ȼҹɫ谵Щ¼ӵܶóǸʶصľɫˡ
飿ƴһ˿ʵ
Ȼޣ˵츳ڣԼǼеĳţһ½ӵȻȻȻ֮ġ




1937¡
 

Ҿ飬ҵѳܻĻش
仰ʮ¼˾һ֮ɫ
Ȼˣ
һѴ
ѵΥ¼ҵļҹ
һʣЩ¼˵ͷ
ǶĵʧˣԳĵȴӡ
ϾɫŮﶼϡȱԴ
ֻҪȡ¼ˣ鶼ᶯġ
Щ¼˲ûΪʵжǿܳղչֳ˾ٶȡ
һֳĿѵ飬ôܴһ˻¼ңһղǸС͵Ӧϣ¼Ҵطõ
仰˵ڣ¼˽
ǸղŻû뵽һ㣬ôһ˵óС͵ӦĿԲС
Ͼյ룬¼Ҿͷ˵¼
Ѳ˻ɵȥ
Щ˳Ƶ˼ά뵽Ӧôͺˡ
ʱ츳ٸߣܹѼѪǲܱסѡ
ʶԣ鵱ƣƾ޾ݣƾʲô˵С͵Ӧǰҹжų׷С͵ˣǷǵлС͵ͬ֣
飬ȵһ㣬ǾڻûʽţֻǷּӵܣ鷳עº˵̬ȣ˼ӣҿɲƾ޾ݣһˣͷ¼ôɺϵ飿лɳĳɣһ׷Ǻɲɾ׷ˣ˭֪ǲ׽֮һǼȰѳѺˮΣ
˵껰ƶ󼸸¼ʹ˸ɫ
⼸վ˳Ҫץס
ǹһĨЦû뵽˰Ե˵ɣʵϾǰԳɵͬˡ
׼ʱ˵ĺͻȻһʮڸʲô
ʮ¼ɫһ䣬ʮֵĹ
¼һͬԴȥ
ֻһŻԼĪʮ߹
ಢϣǸһϳɳصζ
Ƶ¼ҵͷʺ
¼ҵĶ¸ߵǰ󣬿ףвӹһĨ֮ɫ
ƲԹɫŮ飬е׽ѣһ룬ͷ¼һɳС͵Ӧᣡ
ٴһǵŶ棬ԽԽ
׼⣬ȴһ˵
ţͶ¸һۡ
һۣжϳʵϻĳ͸Ķ
¸ųĵͬΪ졣
һ׽ˣȻ˵˵ɵӦҲţͬһ㡣
һ³֮¸ƣĳĽ̵ƣ㲻ڿտƾ£ͰѳɵӦȻ׽磬ֻҪˣģ˵˼ң˼ô룿
ƾݣѵǵĻ𣿡ƺ¸Ļ
ɴû˵˿
ݵλߣȻһСӣʵ̫ˡ
¼ӵҲһǶ֪ƽʱºͣԴûһӣû뵽Ҳֱ߸ǱǧҶѬյĹ
ǰһԭΪҲ߸ϣȻϹְܼ¼ҳ˵ˡ
Ϊˣɵ㷴С¸˵һӵĻ
ƲʵΪʲô
Ǹһ͵¼ҵĶʵɲ򵥣ֻһͨˣǸôѡһް˵Ӧأ¸֮жϣΪΪ
˵׽ѣȻȻѳͨˡ
ڳ¼ӵûʶղŷӳľٶȣҲѳͨ˿
¸һ˵Ƶķʹˣղû׷С͵ٶж죬ǷС͵ػû׷ô죬Ի˹ȥ
Ŷ𣿡¸΢΢һ´˳һۣ㶮书
һ䡣ش
¸˵ͷԭˣ֪ĸţ




1938¡ƵǸ
 

ֻƶѧԺһģʽĻش
Ȼ¸ȥƽ׽ˣɲ˵Լݡ
ղ׷С͵󿴵С͵Ӱ𣿡¸ѯʵ
سǲתָƬʯС͵ڹʯ͵ϮңһöȻˮˡ
ȥ¸ȻҪȥʯǱߵһ
һͬϡ
ʯİߣ¸΢ӣˮ棬ǰϻˮУûС͵ĺۼ
С͵ˮԺܺð¸ƺ˼ʲô飬һʱȴ벻
ںѵһ˵ǳһ֮ʣǧ򲻿ţ
¸ûлӦƣվߵһʯ֮ǰ
ʯ棬Ƕһ֧ССļʸ
ʸΧʯڣʴһƬСݵء
ǡ¸üͷ΢΢һ壬ֿһ۲졣
Ƶɫһе㲻ÿˣʸĳ֣˵ղ˵ܿġ
¼ҵǷ׷״ȥ۲ʸÿ϶¶˾֮ɫͬʱĵһ¡
Լղû׷ô죬С͵ڰзʸ͵ϮҪмĻʸĶԣ²Ҫϵ塣
Ҳ֪ղζ֧ʸġ
¼ұҵӸĸܳչֳٶȣԼС͵ļʸĵ׷
ΪֻڹѧԺѧһźṦҶʸѡ
۲һ¸תͷһ֣ص˵ŷڵİС͵ȻӵзڵİѵǷˣ
ʲôڣһȺ¼ӵô˵ȫסˡ
;ôԶΪʲô˻ԶϿ͵ԣ
Ƶӵô붼벻ͨ
΢΢һ
ڣǲѧտɿڵĹ
ȻڲʲôɣҲаڣ񽣻аô˻ɳ͵飿
ȷⰵǷڵ𣿡ƲǺţʼΪ͵¼ͳйأҾúܿǳ͵ͬı·ڰ˶Ŀǰѳץһ
ƣٻɳˣºͳûʲô¸һۣ΢ء
ƲҾҵжϺеǧСӸƭˣ
֮Ƹһٷ¸Ϊ¸ƽʱºͣСƽϡ
򲻸˵
¸ԭѵƼ䣬룬ƽ͵Ľ͵ǵͬղžͲ˵ԼƶѧԺΪֻҪԺϵһ£֪ƶѧԺûˣұѻǲѰ·⣬С͵ṦߣֻᰵͷѧǳǺϣӦþǷɡ
⡭ƿԡ
߼ȷʵиɻ
˵û뿪룬ǰѻһԱ𴩣¼Ҿߵ
ʱˣ͵¼ʲôҪûУ
ҸղżˣǸûͻƽƣ͵ûгɹվľͲֹһˡ¸ôһ˵¼ӵǷ׷һ
ҲС͵ûеóǺ£ΪС͵͵ߵ¼ҴУǾͲ¼ҵ£Ҳй
ˣ鵽ΪֹͶθڽ档¸˵ţơ
ʲôҪ𣿡æڵ
¸ҡҡͷҪ£Ǹ޶¼ŷ磬̸Ǹɣ
ƶʱһΡ
¼ӵеٮٮߣȻҪһ˵Ǹ
ʮͬ棬˵óڣ
˶¸ӡһ֣ǷǷû̻ԼӵܣȻǧܹôãûԭġ
֮˸ԴԻٸˡ
ƣ㲻ǸҿɾҪҹźˡ¸ٴμ
ҹ֣Ʋɫһ䣬ٲԸҲֻܶԳǸԲҽ㣬ϣ㲻Ҫ⡣
óһǸܲԸҲνûӦ
飬ǻȥ˯ɣ
ã鵱¼ҵӵ棬סĸ첲˺Ͷ󣬱ۡȥ
ʮ¼ҵӿʮĽ
Ҵӳ˵̬Ͽ˵ĹϵѾܵ˯һˣ
ưҧ˳ȥķһۣʲôҲû˵

ڶһ磬ԼƱ򸾱ĳѡ
ôô֣ǲǸʲôʼˣһ´һߺŮ飬ǿȥͲˡ




1939¡Ҫ
 

裬ż϶ûô쿪ʼġ΢΢һЦӴߵǰͷȻβ衣
ߵ鱳ȡЦ㶼ôˣôβ裿˷һͷͷ
裬֮ںЩһˣƽʱҲ촩T˶ʿܱȡ˵䣬Ѿβ衣
⺢ӡ˵һ䣬Ȼʼ¡
һϴ󣬿ʼ͹͡
ʱͻȻһ¼ӵܣǰɽ㳡ϣ
ǸϿȥɣһҲˣվ
ʵĸ˶Եòˣһͬ߳š
ã߳ۡ󣬳ʯ·ഩŹŷȥ
Щ¼ӵܿĸˣеӶԹԵߣеͶĮߺĿ⡣
ôˣƱеţҪˣܵԼŮܱܲϿɡ
¼λôӵܣǧϿзܵúܲʢţߡ
ߵ¥ʱϿһۡ
¸˵С͵ͻƲ˽ƣӦþ¥ĽƣҲ֪ж
һ룬һĥŸμʶ¼ҵĴط
Ϊ˵нƣûȥ¥һ̽
ܿ¼ҵļжۺˣʱᡣ
˴Լ߷ӣһĺɽ㳡
ɽˮ㣬ɽ羰Ҳʮ
óеǣվɽУ¼ҾȻܿٳôһƬ㳡ǧҵʵȷʵС
ʱ㳡ѾվˣܸܵһǿϢ
ЩϢǹ߷ģл޷ߡ
¼ңǹ壬Ȼ޷ߴڡ
ӹȺǰȥԿжʮλ¼ҳڸϣرע
¼ҳһĶ¸
Ϣǿᣬһ̺һ͸ˣڼݹзǺͳһ䷨ޡ
˳²⣬˿϶ҲǼ
Ǹ䷨޵ģܾܿ¼ҵĴ
ʵϳ¶ˡ
ڶʮλ¼ҳ棬жľ¼Ҵ죬¸ֱߣֱ
һλŮƲλ
ڳ۲ʱԱмҲۣӣûУмλǱҼ졢¸ͨͿϣΪӵܣһҪúТǡ
裬֪ˣչֳԽӵܵʵλһҵģ˵š
һ˵һɨȫһȫûڳӵܷ̬
ŷ֣ԭ¼еӵֹܲ飬Ȼּӵܡ
Ҳǣ¼Ҵǧ꣬ѱ鲼ȫġ
Щ޳ҵĺ츳Ů󣬾ͻٻرҡ
ƱԱһ˵ĶԻύ˼
ҶǳէȽύһµĻҲиӦԼŮӵ۸
λ㣬ҲǴӻرڵ𣿡ʵ
ԱǸ˿һۣƺе㲻ش𣬵ǿˣǰҶӴǱĴʦѧ¼֪Ҷ޷츳󣬾ͰٻˣͿϣҶӿ϶ܶõһ
˵꣬һĽԺȻ󻹲ĴһּۣҵŮӳôƯҿ϶ǿúÿӵܴڽӴ¿϶ûԼ
Ը˵ǹһ˿
Ʊ̽ģ￴˵ɫʲô˼
ΪŮԺڱӦǹЦ㣬һ˲Űȡһ϶û⣬ʱǼһ˱ңӦһ¡
˵ش𣬵ȴǼŮһÿĻƿɲһҶӡ
д˶ü룬ͻȻڵ¼ʵӵܿ檣Ҫҹ㣬ǾС檣ô
仰һڣƱϵЦʧˡ
ɴһ񾭲
˵ʲôɫ
ǲװˣҶӵС檣ĸ֣ôһ˻Ҫˣ
ž
ͻȻ֮䣬һİ˵Ķ䡣
ֱӸ˵ĸŮһơ
Ҵ裿־ŭĵס
ž
һƣ
أ֪ôķּӵܡ
裬Ҫͳ֡
Χ˷׷עӹ֪кϷˡ
ʱǰһ¼ҳȵȫྲ֣ҹ洦ã




1940¡㳡
 

ԭҪͳ֣¼ҳ˵߰ҹ洦ãֻӲ޺޵ĵס
ĸּҵˣǲƼҵģ
ҳɲ¼ұһ߷ּӵܣĸӣΪǶŮ鲻Ļش
꣬һ£漴Ӧԭˣð飬Ȼһ˻ңҪλٱ군ˣ
˵仰оһƵǰҲôˣϾܵĳͷԱʹ򱶡
סѹҴҺҶӣ¿ôߣ
ĸвΪ⣬ֻס磬ĸԶһЩ
Ʊļ٣ʮǣŴĸλٱǿô죿
״塢°̣ǲõģǿΪ书ּӵǿö࣬λ϶ӿ顣
Ҫ˵ͺðǺܲġ
ϾɲܿĲж
ϣ޷Ǳȹ߸һĴڡ
ֻǸո̤޷żܺͶһصĹ߹УѾǶصĹˣߵĲǷǳġ
ȫྲ֮󣬶¸վ˵μӿ˵ıӵܣԼּ½ӵܣǰϣվһţּվһţ
¸һ䣬ϰٸŮѸǰȥ
鵽ǰ漯֮ǰ˳һۡ
Уóһ˿ţ֣һʽ
ŷȺǰȥ
ƯŮ֪ĸּҵģ
ΧƱΪԼŮԺҲϣԼŮּҡԼҵ˵пõĻƿ
ڰΪԼŮ
ߵȺǰʱźˣֻڷּӵһе档
߳ģڵһͷ­һ֮ɫ
ķּӵܣен
Ͼǵǰ¼λЩǵѹȸ̫ǿˡ
һǱҵӵܣЩӵܣּӵֻԲλࡣ
ȻĵķּӵҲڣЩӵеĻͱӵܶӣвʾζ
Щ־ķּҵӣλ¼ҳǵע⡣
õ󣬴˿̵ľˮֻĿǰûȥԱߵıӵܡ
вٱӵƵƵͶĿ⣬Ǳľɫò
ȱҺͷּ½ӵܼϺ¸¶οЦݣμӿ˵½ӵܹһһʮˣȥʮˣзּӵܱȥʮˣ˵¼𴫳ԽԽʢҺʹԼλеǳο
¸˵껰λϵ¼ҳ¶Ц⡢˵ͷȻԽ½ӵ⣬Ҫӵܵʵˮƽܴܲﵽǵ
졢ûʲôʾ
ϡ࣬ǿͲη
ΪŮܲʢȴʼհ
ҵӵǣλŮ
ƽ׽˵¸ͬӵǷǳͼҹź˲ܶôӵܣԵСӡ
Ź㳡һƬص¸ڰʾ˰˵ʱǧԽԽ㣬еֻʣ¼Ӳд¼ϣһһʢʱգضڸǧǰΪǧң
ܼδһƬãǲ˵Σ
ӵܺǱǰˣûȥ
챾ҡּȫ룬Ҿһ˵ʵʮǰɼ֮ͨʮ꣬¼Ҳûеһλţ
˵¸ͣһ£һ
Һͷּ˽ͷӶ۷׷ףȫΪ¸˵ʵе졣
ǧңʮûеţ¼˵ȷʵһ֮£
Ϊ֮һ¸ļΣзǳأÿһ½ӿˣޱڴܹھһµĳš
ϧʮȥˣǱ츳ܴﵽˮƽģһûС
ǰһһʮ߸½ӵܣ¸ڳŵĿҲС
۵ı½ӵܣֻˣּһûС
վڵһλĴ¸ɨôӵܣȴûͣϡ
ŵļһ̲סڵҾǵȴʮǸţ




1941¡ǧδ֮
 

ͣ
ŵĻԱߵıӵܷ׷Ц
ûбǵЦӰ죬ȻһŵĿʯ̨λϵĶ¸
¸΢΢һЦʵʲô֣
ұմھͿԽ´Ϊҿ϶ͨԼϸĳգմͦŵ
¸˵ͷǺ£ΪǧҵӵܣҪԶţ֪𣿡
֪ˣĵش
¸˵òˣͷһۣ˻ʲô˵
ûվ˼վˡ
ҪҵǶе㺦±ѵ⡣
¸ԭλĿڵźԴ£ǵЩţҲͨҿж˿űӳ
ıҺͷּҵǣ˵õͷȥҺӡ
վǰմô˵ķ֣˵
ˣ˷ʱ䣬׼ˮ¶˻һּҵӵܺǵĸĸܺ档
ˮ¶죬ʲôط
Ʊһۣ֮ǰûˮ¶ĸ֡
Ȼ죬νˮ¶ĸȤ
ѵˮ¶¼ҵĽأ
뵽Ⱥߵ¼ҳǰ
һ¼ҳ΢΢ü
ӵܣô˲֪
ʵĸּӵܣôڲų
Ҳ¼ҵӵܣλּӵѳվΪҲˮ¶Ļش
ϣǼһ㺮˪һˣǵҽ¼ұ룬ڻҪˮ¶죬¼ҵʲôطˣ
¼С͵ûץΪ飬һͺܲá
һ˽룬̵ˣ
¼ҳɫҲ˲
¼ҵıλڣ¼һ֮һ
ڱһ֪ˣԷͬһ㡣
һֱû˵Ĵ죬ڿˣҹּ֪ӵұ룬Ϊ¼ҵشӣҲûһСƽϣ㾹Ҫ¼ҽˮ¶죬֪Լʲô
¼ΪǧңӦǧҵȣҲμһˮ¶죬Ҳûʲôʧɣ˸ڡ
ʵҪǵˮ¶ʲôΣգԲž¼ӵһȥ
Ļݱ
Сӣءʲô˼
˵ûҪһСӷϻȰץؽˮΣʣǷǼйء
ҪѳؽˮΣǸǹһȡ
˿зǳĳ죺Ҿ֪Ӳˮ֣֮
û˵ȻĬ
Ҫ˰ѳץסʱ¸ֹţҲʹûʲô⣬Ȼѣһй츳ͨĻ¼δܸһᣬ֮С
ⲻ¼ǧѵ̷񶨵ǧû¼ң
¸ϵ̧ѵݷǰ뼧ҼϵиңڲõĽĸ硢ǹ磬ǧδֵ֣֮ռˮƽжߣҾͲ˵ˣҼҶС㼧˫ΪؼʦԼԣΪŶȼߡ
˵ʲô˼ܲ⡣
λϵ¼ҳԼıҡּҲܲ⡣
¸͵ҵ˼ǣӦΪ׼һ񡢹˲ţڵѵҲһܱͨĹ츳ڣǰ壬Ǳһ¼аһ
һʱ䣬֪λӦ
ļٹ̣޷һ˽塣
Ƕ˵ǧδ֣֮Ҳˡ
ϾӵеؼʦļԤĽ
죬Ҳ˼
Ʋе㼱ˣİλɳɣһ׳Сӣƾʲô¼ң
Σ¸Ŀתϡ
ع֣ض飬һῼǣֻóʱڱ룬ûжԳб֮ǰҲˮ¶졣
ô˵¸ɫеź
˵ʲôʱת˵֪ǵҲˮ¶죬İɣһûģҰҾͺˡ




1942¡ˮ¶
 

Ĭ˵Ҳ뱻ҳӵܿǼҲμҪѣԻῴҡ
Ȼ˵ϣΪչģֻö˽ˮ¶ͷ
ţ¸˵
˵ţƹɽȥ
һ˺档
ƹɽһͬһǳҶ
Ҷ˶ĳסˡ
ֻҶһұϣȻǶһ޴ľӡ
⾵ƹⲻϲƺ沢ʵġ
ؾӺԺвðһʣˮ¡
ڽʱһԹþԹ˿ӡ
Ҳ֪ǰ޴ľӣܲܽȥ
¸վھǰܵ棬¼ҵˮ¶죬λ½ӵܽȥ֮һҪעһ㣬ǧܽκһ澵ӣЩӺǸΣյĵشּܹȥģ𣿡
ˣ½ش
¸˵ǲɼˮ²ݣղɼˮ²ɼ
˵仰¸Աһ֣ȡһѻ򿪺滭һҩݵͼ
ˮ²ݣҶԽ࣬˵ˮ²ݵҩԽãҩҲжϳɼҪ׼
½һȫĿתĶסŬˮ²ݵ״
ˣ޶ʱһʱ㵽ľȽ¸˵ţѽ½ӵܵóʼ֣մ
ллմϲ񣬶¸лʮ˷߽ܵ޾֮С
Ȼմղ¸ע⣬˲һ¸һմǻ˽ġ
Ͼ¸¼ҹƽĳ
¸ټĵһٶ½ӵ½½뾵֮С
ǵڶֵģڴ֮ǰһ룬飬Ҳ²ˮ¶лһĶֻþһͥѨ
áԭ뿿ԼҲһƬ⣬ĵİ
˵СǱһЩ˿ˣƣ
ûû˼ֻҡҡͷΪǳ档
Ȼµˮ¶л󷨣ΪȻɲһССܹƽ¼ҵĻ
ڣμȫӵһͬˮ¶֮ڣЩӵܵļҳȫŵĿž棬ͨ۲
￴ó
ˮ棬춼κξ
ӵ͸ͫĳܹԼԼһЩľҲ˶ѡ
ˮ¶󣬲ŷ澹ȻһԲطСС磬ûô¡
׼Ѱˮ²ʱŮӶס
һͦƯŮӣס˵ιǷּһƿɣ
ûʱ˵ÿȻӦ
Ҫƹ⼸ŮӣȴԷΧס
飬Ҿ㣬ҪΪ㳤úÿ;Լܿͨ¼ǧңֻʵͷŮ̵ļڽúüסС֣ҽ壬Ը⵱Ѿߣǿ԰ˮ²ݣ㿿Լһˮ²ݶҲ
ÿһΣֻ˵֣Ȼƿǰ塣
㻹ˣ屻Ƶһ򣬶ʱõɴ۾
Ȼ׼ʱѾˮ¶ȥˡ
ٶȣΪ֮һ㶡
һŮ˵㣬ûҪһͼѪҺķּŮ˷ʱ䣬ˮ²ݰɣ
ߣҿҵã忴ȥķеĻ
Զ֮󣬲ŷŲһѰˮ²
ܿ죬гһùƬҶӵˮ²ݡ
ղŻˮ²ͼֻƬҶӣӦҩˮ²ݡ
ǰˮ²ƬҶӣԼܲ
ǰһҪȥժҩݣʱҩԱߵؾȻһɫ򼡣
һ棬Ծ˵ٶȴ顣
΢΢һû뵽ٶô졣
صٶȱ򼻹죬׾ٶҧ
һƣϣ׶أڵϲҹȴҲ޷ˡ
һЦƹߵˮ²֮ǰСİҩժ
׼ҩʱͻȻ΢
žžž
龯ĻͷһƵһĸߴ󡢳Ӣıӵܡ




1943¡ʮҶˮ²
 

ںƵģˮ²ݣȻҪתˡ
ӣȵȣû뵽һ仰˵ߣ֮⣬ӣֺܲ½Уһժˮ²ݣЧʱضߣ
˼Ҳκ˽飬ҽ鲻Υô˵ţǰȥ
Գ½׷鲢Уӣ뷨Ǿʹشˣ㿴һ˾֪ܶ˶ǽͬУΥһҩݣǺܳԿģ
ҾϲһˣĻȥˣ鷳ÿһЩòͷ
½Լȥҩݣȴ˷ʱ˵һһһӡǳУϾɶûйء
½ȻǸƤˣͲԼʵ޷࿴һۡ
ӣôҽһ£¼ͬӵǰ壬ҽ飬ԲԿҵʮˮ²ݣΣ½һ߸飬һੲݵ˵
βһ˦½һۣ㷳ˣ֪𣿡
˵仰ӿŲˮ²Ҳˣ֮Զ˵ıҵӡ
Զ֮½Żعճյ˵ÿɰӰ˵¼ʮ궼ûţҿİ궼ûɶˣ
Ϊ˲ķУ½ԶԶβ飬·Ͽˮ²ݾ˳·ժ
һҲԼժˮ²ͨʱȥ١ӵܵҩݡ
һ·ˮ¶죬ܿժʮˮ²ݡ
ܸӦ½Ǹ˵ļһҲܿ½ʵΪ˲˷ʱ䣬ûк֡
һﲻɧС
½βΪһ·ϱܶ౾ҡּӵܿ
֪ķּӵܡմˣȫ½򿴳һ̬պ
ҵȴϰΪˡ
ĵ½򣬾ȻôãΪԼʵǰ壬ѹͨ𣿡С壬һͬ½һ
ܵΧĵĿ⣬½⣬Ȼˮ¶ɵģҲ߬Ųʮˮ²ݡ
ʱ½򿴵ͻȻߵһԴͷ֮ǰٶ½һ
ӣΣգﲻߣ
½ѣֻɶ߷硣
ǰ⴦ԴͷһʮƬҶӵˮ²ݡ
ˮ²ݵļֵԵֵͨˮ²ݶʮã
жϵġ
Եˮ²ݵ˲䣬ʡ
ͬʱҲܸоˮ²ݸݷĳޡ
ˮ²ĺ棬һӰˮ´ܶ鲻ɵ΢΢ü
һ̣ԥˡ
ҪҪΪһʮƬҶӵˮ²ݣˮµ޲
ԥʱ½ڶοߣӣˮµĴͷ㣬һܹԸ˵ģ֣Ǿûʲô⡣
½˼ԣҪ顣
鿴ʮҶˮ²ݵ½֪ھԼľѻᡣ
ҡҡͷûк½˼
Ϊİֻ뿿ԼʵͨԸκ֣붼á
ξǣԴͳ¶⣬ΪʽŮ֮;ܺӹ׽Ͼ½ʲô˼ɵӶܿó
СԶԶĿפںԴͷǾķ֣ǰȻһʮҶˮ²ݣ
ʱŮȫ˫Ŀ⡣
㣬ҪҪȥǿüƷˮ²ݶһŮ
嵱Ȼûκγɣߣǹȥףһ£
ôˣ㣿Сöܲ⣬ΪʲôͻȻ
ָָһߵļûУͬӵڶ³ĵ׼ȥȡʮҶˮ²ˣܹˣǲǵĶ֡
ÿϧֻʮҶˮ²ݱ³ˣС÷׷׶š
ȴһҲеϧһ˿յЦ⣺ֲûüƷˮ²ݣ޷ͨصǼ˾ܷƷˮ²ݣǿᱻ³ô۸
˵öԣ
ô˵Сõֺ
һСһµ⣺Ǹ½򻹸վһأ½æҿ鲻һᱻ۸
ߣ½ʵҲһһʮ߸ӵŵǸƿôܴù³ǣ̫ˣһҲ⡣




1944¡ҩ
 

СԶԶʱ³شӵܣѾһڡ
˲ʮ׺һôͣ
ӵܣƺһʱǿʮҶˮ²ݡ
Ѿ¶ģҪˮ¡½˵Ĵͷ㣬ҲǿʮҶˮ²־ڱصá
ȥ½ɵһ¡
ӽˮ²һ׾һ˲䣬һˮͻȻ·
ţһͷĹˮд˳
ͷǳҳһԳªۣȥֲֶֿ
½ͷӲѹסȥ˼˺һǼɵ֮ɫ
ͬɵģվڴ³ǡ
Ϊ㣬ǲŲóȻȥժʮҶˮ²ݡ
ˮҲ룬ע˫֮ϣҪӭͷ㡣
û뵽ˮ󣬲ûҧǷһ̶˵ġء֮
ͬ𵴲һһȦȦΧɢ
׵壬ֻоԼԴ͵һΣҪεڵأθﻹ˶ĸС
½³غ͸Զǣһʱס䣬и־֮ɫ
ڶ½ʼðǣ
ǿҾǿûгֻþ½ţеӣ˺ҪĻǾ군ˣ
Ȼ½Ϊʱӡ
ѾоԼͷĻþ֮УΧ˶ˣֻʣһɵˮ϶²ϵƮ
ͷһˮѸζٶȼ侪ˡ
뵽Ǹ룬һ׷סûóá
˿ǣⲻ¼ҶԼԼ֮·
ھͿԼܷž͹Ϊͷ㣡
ͷһ˲䣬ͻȻӦͷϮ
һƣȴֻһˮ
뱣ѣҧҧ⣬ǿԼӻþ
ڼܵͷôװѻþ
ľ½ЩӵܻҪǿʱҲ޷ƽⳡ
ͷˮ֮УٴδһϮ飡
һΣϷ
ƣʩչӹѧԺϰõĹƷƷƯ鶯ԸٶȼĴͷ㡣
۵һˮɽȻûдй㡣
ǰӰԽԽˡ
鿴֮УȻʮ㣬ֻ֪һġ
˫Ƶһ˲䣬ĳǧټУΧˮĵòϷɽ
ǹӰ첻ˮٴηأ
ȵľʱ̣λһֱȡˮеĹ㡣
㷢ʱٶȴ󽵵ͣϵ鿸ơ
һ£ڶܲһĳˮȥ
ͬʱеˮҲʧ٣ˣ
½ֻͷ㱻Уˤںӱұһʧȥ
һĻ½֮ɫ
ȻĵƾԼɱ˴ͷ㣡
Զ壬סԼС졣
³֮ӦӵܳǿʮҶˮ²ݡ
ѽüƷˮ²ݲɵС
걼ӹһ˿֮ɫ
飬ˮ²ݽǲ³ڵ
룡ˮ²ݣš
½ߵߣ³˵³أǼ޳ܰղŴͷǲҳڹ㱻ӴǾͳҩݣһŮӣǱҵɶǶˣ
½Լһ·βôã˼˵ǣ³ԵĻǶǱˣڵʲôȻһͼѪҺķּŮ˵𾫳ǲǣ
ҲˣƤӣ֮Ǹӵҩݣ͵½򣡡
½˵꣬ߣӣڳһɼܵơ
³ɵһ½˶һۺ³ӵԸ½Һҩݣ
ӵܶ˵½򱼹
½û뵽³ȡֱսӵʵɲʱڿ϶޷ŵˡ
תͷʱѾ³ؽ
ղþĴ󣬻ûָҪս״̬϶û۷ˮƽ
Ǻӵ֣ܽһ¾̽³زˮ׼һѹ
ơʹܿʹ³¶ࡣ




1945¡ս
 

أ
ʮƻ³壬˴ڵأ³ǻһѪ
ӵһ𺧣뵽ʵȻôǿ
һ˴ֻʮͰǴˡ
⻹ȫʢ״̬顣
һߣ½ӵܱƵæңһһʮ߸ӵҲ޷ֵӵܵĹơ
ˣߣ³ѹסȻȾܡ
ſô£֮£ֻܸء³һܡ
½ٴŵĿ顣
¶һ˿ЦӣĹ侳磬ʲôˮƽˣ
ء仰תͷߡ
ֻ½һվԭط
ѾӵеٮٮˣҲֻ侳۷塣
⻹Ϊ¼ǧ괫طôĽ
Ǳ飬ϾȻ׵׵Ľ걬
ŵ½һʱ޷ܡ
ͬ޷ܵģԶɵǡ
һһʮ߸ӵŵߣ츳Ҳܲ
Ǹһȣֻ츳ƽƽ
뵽ԼղźͼС÷飬ŷԭ̵Լ

ˮ¶Ѱˮ²ݣԽǽľԽࡣ
Щûб߿򣬷·ˮγɵġ
¸ĵӣܽЩ֮С
鵱Ȼա
ڽʱҵ˰˿ˮ²ݣܹжʮá
ǿʮҶˮ²൱ڶʮͨˮ²ݣҲ˵Ѿҵ˲ʮˮ²ݣңңӵܡ
ʱˣˮ¶ڷȥ
ڼʱΧ˻ŵ
ЩŮϵó϶Ǳӵܡ
һһЩּӵҲ߿ƺ뿴Ϸ
ͱҵΧס
ΧµģԾһЦ³ضˡ
ҲΧµС
½վΧȴһΧסˡ
½򣬱ݡ˵
䣬ÿ½һʾɫĿӡ
ƷǷ꣬Ǳʵǿıţ䡣
ҪҶ֣
۵һ˿м
ЩУʵһʵڶĲ࣬ʵڶʵڶʮĲ໹
½֪Լĺ䶯֣Ҳֻܱ
ֻܿųиż
վںΧ۵մ˷֮ɫĸʮˬ飬ҺղűѴ⣬ˮ¶ô౾ӵܣҿôæ
ʵմͲóܽˮ¶죬϶ҲᱻҵΧ¡
ҵ˵³ĵͷվ˵¼ұӵܹȻŽһģûΥڵѵܺã
Ȼָ飬޺޶ּӵ飬֪ôҺǱӵԣǱӵҪǲɫƣԺ󱾼ӵܾҪּӵﵽͷˣ
³˵꣬¼ӵܶͶȥӡĿ⡣
Ȼվúܶ¼ӵܴߡ
Ȣ鵱Сһ£ﵽͷҫһ¡
˶úеҩԳڳκһӵܡ
Ƕ֪ժʮҶˮ²ݵ顣
Ҳ˵ȥɼĳɼѹбҵӡ
Ա˵Ǽʵ顣
ʱ˵졢¸ϲÿԸº϶ϳͱӵܡ
ƾһ㣬Ҳϣôˮ²߳ȥˮ¶졣
飬ȫˮ²ݣȻ¸ҵǸҲŻῼǷŹ㣡ô౾ҵ³֪ʵǿҲ޿֡
³˵껰Χסıӵܷ׷Ц
һѪͼķּŮѣƾʲôǱӵܶ
ҡҡͷȻҪҹµǸˮ²ݣܣ
ǺǣҾͿ㵽жܴ򣡡³˵ţ߼ӵʹ˸ɫ
⼸ӵվ˳ͻȻȫ澢ʩչҴѧ顣
ƣӵܻˡ
⼸ӵܱ֮ûսǺĬ˻ȥ
Ǽӵվ鷢
ˣЩӵóս
Ȼһʼûиеѹ¼ұӵҪôǶߣҪô̤ż޷ߣվܹĵ
Ҽӵһоˣ͵޷ǣʧȥս֮
ֹͷϸܵ㺹Ҳûôƽˡ
½򿴵ԽԽ֪ǿĵֿȥյ³ֻһ




1946¡
 

ۼԽԽɣ³ϵЦҲԽԽԡ
鱻ĵòˣںءȼʵǰıҵվ˳
飬ٸһλᣬˮ²ݣ¸ҵǸ³˵
ޣ޳Сˣôӵܣ΢죬ĵ³
³һɫƲԳԷƣ飬Ų˶õģ
³˷ϻˣҪϿӣͬΪŮˣǳò
ѾȲ֡
³Ҳ˵һУءȫһӵϡ
⼸˵Χ˵ⳡսѴһ֡
ڵѾ޷ʮɻܼ֡
³뷢ƣ˵оתв³Ǳ
ͳһ;µذףĺ󱳻䣺ˣȸ㱳һ
͸ӦĶҲ󣬻־һƣذ׵棬òˤ
һ£Ҳ顣
Ϊ鱻ĵʣ²ʵû뵽ȻܴǿС
ӵٴ鷢Χ³ƣԱ߻ߺŻ
ۿӦ絽еս½Ҳȥˣ䣬ҧ˵˰ɣǱôӵΧһּӵܣҪܼҹ洦õģ
ڣҲֻЩӵͣ֡
ûֵͣ˼Ƴ½һۣ³ȥæ
㣡½һʱᡣ
ȷʵ鱻ô౾ҵӳսΧҲ³顣
ϾܾѶΪһּŮӵܶվӵܵĶ棬ּŮӵǸɫŮ
ʱеսѵ˰Ȼ׶Ρ
³ضƵ˲䣬ں滮ݵһ
һҪˣ޷ٳսȥ
ԼҲжϳһ㣬һֳֻ˻Ը³һм
ڱ³еһ˲䣬Ļһ׼ֿذףҰذ׷ȥ
һҽУ϶һֳĿӣѪֹ
ļСÿһĻ׷׼г
ԼһӴ̶ļУ飬ˣһݣҪɱ㣡
һ»üȷʵˡ
¼ҵҽˮƽҲȲ
һ̣Ъ˹ذ׷ȥ
˲ҪĴ򷨣ֱ³ǣţһʱ侹ԶܣֱڻǱ廮һѪ˳
üͷûһ£Ǽƣס³ǵĹơ
˵飬ȻѾ޷³ǡ
ԽԽ󣬳ֲס
³ɫ첻ˣǼӿ칥ƣ
ʮƺƴȫ³ǻˣȻҲվסһΣڵأưסֱ۵˿ڣͣĴϢ
飬ղŲǺôڲˣ֪ս³Ц
巢ˣҪɳ˹֣ѿһܾϲ
ϸֳЦ⣬ݵȥΪˡ
̧ͷĿǰıҵӣȻûз˼ֻ뵽Լܿˮ¶Ҳİˣĵײӿһɾ޴ıˡ
ˣʲô˼³ЦʧתΪͲм飬ҰɣҷŹ㣬ֻң
³رڴ߰ǿļƷŮʱӡ
һƷŮ߰ģɼһҪ˷ܡ
ֻĿ·ڿһ׳ա
ʱѾ಻סˣ󼸸СýеҰסҪذףϻ֣
ļС˷ܵСܹס˫硣
ûзѾʧȥ˷
ߵǰذھ׵ĵطرȻ
׼ݺһʱͻȻһ˵ţ
ֵͣˣͷһáĴʻӲ˻ȥ
ԭڵˣǱʵŵһ䡣
ֻͥɢ߹Сòò˵һȥ
бӵ֪ܶ䲻ʵЩ˵ŵһ۰Ķӡ
ûĸӵܸҵΪݶ塣




1947¡ȸ״
 

ÿߵǰ΢͸ӿ
鰴˵ֱۣһȻ֮ɫ̲ס̾һһˣҼ
˵ţȥ°͡
ȴתͷ㿪ˡ
ӵͦңү㡣վֱӣԾӸµ̬˵ҸһᣬԸҵĻҾǷŹ㡣
ܣȻܾ
Դˣ䵹Ҳô⣬Ϊ桢ͬʱҲܸȤʵΪǸгˣ
ʮּĻӦҵԶֻڳһˣ
һŮ˹ƣеɫʧˡ
һŮǿеõҲȻζ
߿ˡ
³ڼĽ
Ҫ飬ȷʵٶ֡
ھͿ޼ɵˡ
ߵǰеذĥľ
ں浭ѵŪˣó֣ǱӵܸеȻҪеġ
ǡүӦһ䣬ȻҪذ׼˴
̳һСʱӵܵĺͻȻһȣڸʲô
屻һذֵϡ
һͬתȥֻڴľ߳һˡ
˾¼Ҷ¸
ΪѾʱ䣬¸Ϊӵˮ¶ʲô⣬Խ
û뵽һͿôӵΧһˡ
߱񵲣¸ûпذ׻һĻ
ʱѾվ
¸߹ɨӵһۣʵô£ʱ䵽Ϊʲôȥ
ҡش¸⡣
Ķӣ¸ҲѵԳ̬ȣֻܻһʣ³ʲô
ûʲô׼ȥ³װһʵ˵
Ǿ͸ϽͳƳɼ¸֪ÿӵǶˮ¶﷢һЩĦ
ֻҪ鲻أҲöܡ
½ԭ״һۺֻ
ǲȫӵܣ¸߳ˮ¶죬صɽҶ
Ʊ򸾿һ˲䣬ӭȥ
˹Ҳʡһӣ˶һǺ͹С
͸ͫ鿴Ԫľûܶˣ԰һ㡣
飬û°ɣ赣ˣ߹סŮۡ
΢Цҡҡͷû£ǲõġ
˭֣һ˿ʵ
͹۲μӵˣûһĶ֡
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Ͳ²⵽ܿӵΧ飬Ż
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ˡ˵ţƹעס˵˿ڣˡ
ܵĹػһůһСˣʲô
ϡԴΪ⡣
ϵĺȻֻƤƣʲôˣĸ̵
ϲ¡ĨȥϵѪֻһѼС㡣
С㣬ܿͻ޸ǸӵԶԶȡ
ʣȴǰŭʵ壬˭ôݣˣ
ǸˣһĨᣬһָ
仰һ˵Ŀⶼָ顣
Ʊпһ£ˣԼŮȻˣ
ѱӵܡһһòŮݣǷǳص£
Ȼ¼ҳɫԼͬĳ
ѹŭʵ飬µ֣
ذں͵ϮңֻǷˡ仰൱ڳϻٵ¡
ãõúܰ˫֮ŭڣûôķּӵˣһССҶԱӵôݣԺҪǱңǻˣ
ô˵˶ԤõضҪмҷź
ƱŵɫҰףҪŮ顣
ʱ¸վ˵ʵδˣǲ׶𣡡
֪ذ׹¸ףΪʲôղŽȥˮ¶죬ῴӵΧ龰
ʱģԲֹһˡ




1948¡Ц
 

ʲôʵݣҲ׿ڳģ⻹Զ𣿡Ķ¸˵
ʵͿ¸ڹˣӵǿݺ޺ô
ֻ¸ԸºͣҲ
¸ûлشĻǿ壬ʵ壬ʵ˵ʱǲһΧ飬鲻ѷ
ҡҪѣ±˽Ҵ
ӣ¸ԼĲ²û
ʱһֱĬĴ죬ͻȻڵ³Ҳˣ˵ô˵ģ
ǰôּӵԼǵĸĸ첻ƫıӵܣ¼ǧŷ硣
࣬³ֻսսĴˮ²ݣǴˣϱӵΧ
һԭˡ
ʵ۸壬Ǳӵܱȡů۸һּŮ
¸ķּӵܣʵ𣿡
ǡǵģּӵæش
õӡ֤¸ȷࡣ
¼Ҽҹ棬ӵΧһּӵܣΥŷ磬Ӧ𷣵Ǳӵܡ¸Źƽ̬
÷ּӵһ
ϣλƫ̻ӵܣôЩּӵܵġ
Ժ˱ңҲ޷˵ΪЧ
Ǵû˽ĻȴδӵΧ飬Υŷ磬ôݣҲΥҪֻ֪һδŵķּӵܣ
ô˵ȻλưոݣҪ

¸˵ȴִϵˣ˫дʮ壬ǵٴ£Ҫͳɼ
˵öԡ¸ŭδһۣȻӵ˵źöӣϵˮ²ݽǵļλֳͳơ
½ǣձҡּųӣһˮ²ݸҽΪ곤ӵͳơ
ܿ죬ˡ
ңңȵĳɼõһ
ǿʮҶˮ²ݵʱ¼ҳȫʮ־档
ּƷˮ²ݣ϶ǿػޡ
Ȼܲɵֱ˼飡
¸ţҺøղûд飬ķּӵܣҪǱ¼ңǾ¼ҵʧ
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˿ĿҲòһˡ
ɼôã뱾Һ϶õӡ
մĸ׿ʮۺ죬˲ûлġ
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һ̯һǰ
䷨˫ޣһ۾ϳķ
˵֣˸Ӿ档
СС룬ȻǷ
ǷĻףһ̫ˡ
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һֻۡһֻˡ
ػʮҶˮ²ݵǻޣ޵þ鲻ΪԼôƳ˻þ϶ǿ뷨
Ļüͷ΢΢һ
ͨӵ֪ܲޡҲǴͷĻжǿ֪һ
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ֻҪ΢˽Ѩλ֪̼ѨλԼָѡ
Ҵͷβûù롣ϵ˵
˭֪ûãŨŨ⡣

¸˵仰ȴ˵֤ȷ䣬ΪӦȡɼ
˻һȫ۷׷ס
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һĵ׵˲
Ĵη
ʱоԼıһ£һĶ
ţǹżڽ˳Ȼ󵭵³֣Ц




1949¡һ
 

Ϊѣվ¼ܹԤϵõĽ
ǳվ˵Ц֣Ǿ˸еˡ
¼УǸСǸˣƾʲôλͶʮλ¼ҳǰ˿ԣ
Цʲô˼ɫ˲
ʲô˼Ϊ¼Ҽңѵ˵ò𣿡
һ˵һߵǰ
˵ĿЦ¼ΪǧңЦ
˻һȫһƬȻ
¼ҳɫȫÿˡ
ǧûһС¼ǰ˲
ȵ
ȻݣܲһСƽϡ
ǳΪһٳ͵ĵߡ
ˣ첻ڽ½ķּӵǰչһԼϡ
ȻѹסȫˣȴΨѹס¡
죬ѵԼÿЦ𣿡
ǧңȴ۸һּӵܣ
ֱһƬ
ǰӡƫ̻ӵܣҲˣҲǼƽϡ
ǻҪȡŮѵɼǾͱҳ¼ӣ
ѵ㻹Ҹ¼ԣΪʲôǹŵĸҿڳԣŭȫ΢΢
ǧ꣬¼ҵţδƹ
Ǵȥ֪¼ұһС䣬Ǹһô飡
Ȼǵûסڣ¼ҽյΪʲôݵλˣָժǣ
ҳҪΪԼŮһ
Ȼûаһ˵¼ҡ
Ͼ¼ҵǧ괫УС
˭֪Щ¼Ҹʲôؾѧ
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ЩǧҵĴУܿܲаҽ١
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Ϊվˡ
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ΪһŭԼΪۣҲǺ֮⡣
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׼Ȱ˵һʱ˵ڶķϣҿٸһᡣ
ʲô᣿¸ǰһæʵ
Ŀ¸תƵϣŴοڳԣ¼Ҳƽϣ˵¼ûǧҷȣҪһ£ͬʱҲŮܹͨΨһᡣ
ʲô£ԭ˵ϻǿǵԼĸԸֻ׼˵ʲô
˺Ŀ£첻˵ܼ򵥣ɼȡǾˮ¶죬޶ʱժˮ²ݣɼɼҪַǳɫĻһῼǸһΪ¼˵ĻᣬȻΪ¼ˣ࿼ˡ




1950¡Ӧ
 

ΪʲôҪӦ㣿һ;ãҪܿЦ
Ϊ޽ӽԲ˵μ¼½ӵܵǾǶ衣
磬мǿܹﵽʵ
һ䷨ͬ޵¼Ҵ죬ͬ
οҪǣֳɫĻͰ¼ҡ
ȻǶ¼ҵǧ괫иȤҪ¼ңǾ޻̸֮ˡ
˰Ļش΢΢һô㻹¼ҵ

ֱԲڳ¼˷׷ױɫ
ɫԽԽ
ʱ¸ڴԲμ¼ҵ֤ʵĺûᣬɼȡɼ߾ӵһҲҪ̭
ûΪ¸仰ı뷨
鲻¼ҽɵĻͰ׽硣
ڶּӵܶԽ¼ұ֮ͣɲ¼ܿࡣ
νĸĸƱȴʮǼ
ܲ㿴ҵķϣӦʮֳϿҵ
ԭҲΪĸףҲȰˣܲܰһæ
ֻҪӦһⶼûС
һֿۣʵ°̣ĺϣ¼ұ𣿡
ҰǰģһҪɻع鱾ҵԸԳĺϣܰǼңүллˣۿ죬˵žҪϹ
æ̾һɫƽ˵ãҴӦ㣬ͬʱҲΪ顣
Ǿ̫лˣٴεл
ҲܸмĿų
֪ԳİҪӦμǾ޿ܵ顣
Ҳˣĸܵİ⡣
˵껰󣬳תͷ¿졣
¼Ĳɸ̣μ¼ҵûᣬôСӸú¼μƵģֱ̫֪ôˣ
¸ǰڴ֪ʵܱܲȵϱҵӵܡ
¸óˮ¶ʱͻȻڵȵȣû˵޶ʱǶ١
һ㶣ѵ޶ʱ䲻һʱ
ҲûйΪѳ˼ʱ䡣
Գкܴĳɼ˵ǶԳ˵¼Ҳܵһ˽ȥһʱҽʱ޶һӣû
⻰һȫһ
һʱа˿̣ʱ޶һӣҲ˵̳ɰ˷֮һ
ˮ¶ˮ²ݣڲΪһ꣬ˮ²Ѿȥ¼ӵܲժòˡ
ȥһʱժҲժ˶ٿá
ʱ̳ɰ˷֮һ˾ǵѳ
ʱ̫ˣܲܶһЩʱ䣿Ʊ΢Ŀ
Ϊ˸еλˣƱ˵һα΢ĸ˵
ӣ¼ǧţȥһӣǾ˷ǧÿһӣԼһܹ˷Ѷʱ䣿ô¼˵𣿡
Ʊ˵Ȼ
һ̣رѳаű
Ϊʵ̫߿ԼҲ̫߿¼ˡ
ǹ綥ŽڵĿ䣬ڲμ¼ҵ½ӵǲ¼Ҹӣǳ¼ӡ
黹û˵һνĿ˵һӾһӣ飬һᱣסһĳɼ
һ䣬һӣˮ¶֮С
ߣõһǿԴ󣡡мҡҡͷ
֮⣬ûųõһ
Ͼһʱ䣬ˮ²ݼɹ£õһѶȱȵ컹ߡ
ɲ¼ôģˮ¶֮΢һĻһ·Уȥ
һ·ϣһˮ²ݣ¼ӵܲˡ
ûͣסŲѰҩݣȥ
ֻ˴Լʮ֮һʱ䣬ˮ¶һ
ˮ²ݣûб˲ժļ
΢΢죬Ϊʲô¼ӵûժ
ܿͷӦˣЩˮ²ݸݷһǿϢΪʲô¼ӵܲժˮ²ݵԭ
ɲ˶Ƭˮ²֮󣬲ݵϡϤϤιеСӡ
ЩɢϢ̺֮ͬͨӡ
ܿ죬ͱЩӰΧסˡ
޾֮ɫȻȥĳȫɱһɶ
ųĿʼժҩݡ
ˮ¶һˮ²ݣҶҶ洦ɼʮҶҲûУɵʮҶһʮҶ




1951¡Ƽ¼
 

һ£βժˮ²ƷʻĻһٿϡ
ʣµˮ²ݣòժˡ
һӵʱ䣬ԶԶûꡣ
պˮ²֮ûд̳ȥעŵǰ޴ľ֮ϡ
¸òӵǧܽڶ㣬⾵Ӻˮ¶ڶ㡣
ǵʱ仹и࣬ԥ޴ľӡ
ֱˮ¶ܿ¼Ϊǧҵء
󣬳ˮ¶ڶ㡣
ɵһƬһǻľɫޡ
ĿһƬ֮ɫ֮£͸ͫ
һֻƣüһµڶĿ
·ɵһʧȥԭеɫʣˣҲ⡣
һжʧˡ
ʱȣڵڶ첽߶Ѹ̽
һˮ²ݣڵڶһö
֮⣬Ҳݡ
Ұһÿŵĺڻɫľ
ǸĵطţԽߣʸԽǿҡ
Ϊ϶˻صһ㡣
ߵڶĵشʱԶĵطһþ޴ĺɫľ
ÿľ棬Ȼһڵˡ
ͷģĿҲ˹㲻ľ䡣
ҵڶɵģ΢Զһ㳡ͱģ͸ͫҲòðտһЩ۲Է
ߵ˲׵ĵطʱ͵̧ͷ˫ͨ·˵Ұޣס
ֻ˸ӵͷأأ
ƺûдǳŭ
˭¼ҳɫʵ
仰ҲϣԼ¼ӵܡ
˭ŭиɻ֮ɫ¼ҽˮ¶죬Ӳ˽룬㵽ʲôˣ
Եʮֵļ˵䲻ˮ
˰벽侲˵㱻¼˹Ѻڽвˣ㲻Ƿ˴¼ҳǾǵ¼ҵ˸֡
ǺǣС㵹Ǵ
˵Цһ˿
Ȼ㲻ҵģǾ͹ɣ
ԣܸʲôͼ̽ϵء
Ȼڿʵжǿ˵ǱɣϿ˾Բ򵥡
Сŵ¼ҵǧ귨л¼Ҵ죬˭ҲⲻĽ߰ɣȻԳκϣ
Ϊóƽƽ棬Գʵ޿ܰȳ
ǧ귨лĿ⣬Ͷϵĺɫϡ
ţֻһŰɫ档
ǡ˼棬סˡ
룬ǿԺú̸һ̸˰ɣ

һӼ
Ҷȴ¼ˣûˮ¶ȫóҪʱʧˡ
ҽȥڵ
¸ǲʱ仹ûٵȵȡ
С˵ڵһҲˮ²ݣðս˵ڶ㣬ұȥһ£Υ涨
˻һ˶úе
ǿԳԸ񣬽ȥڶ㲻ûܡ
ĸĸһɫ˿ֻϣƽԼŮʧҲûϵˣ˺ͳһ뿪롣
ȻΪԼĸԸǴϳǾ;Բֵ
ͬȥҳʱ˿һ󲨶˵Ĵ߳
˶סˡ
ˮ²ݡɫ糣ˮ²ݷŵ¸ǰ
¸΢΢һǾϲ֮ɫ
Ǽһ£
¸¼ӵ߹𾪵飬ˮ²ݡ
ܿ죬ϣһ𺳵֣ժˮ²ܹһ˿ã
һ˿ã
ȫ졣
մĸײŵʵǲǵˣ
ĵûлش𣬶ǰһÿˮ²ݳǰ
ôҶӵˮ²ݣûпɣ
ȻʮҶˮ²ݣҵ죡
ܲժƷʵˮ²ݣ֤ˮ¶ҲΣյĵش
ºܶ¼ӵܾ㲻Ҳ÷ˡ
¼ҳǻǲųһһܲժһ˿ˮ²ݡ
Ƽ¼ˣ¼ǧ¼¸ޱȼĺ
ɫʮֵѿ̼ǵõԼμʱժʮѾǷǳĳɼһʱ
ںͳȽϣֻһݣǾǱ걬
ǧ겻ĳţӦ̽¼ң¸̶
ѹסŨŨ֮飬ȻĿ˳һۡ
ǧһĳţ
Ҳ˵ȫˣ
϶ףͻȻƴе
ţ³ء¼ұӵܣ׷ָס
򵭶˵һʱժһٿˮ²ǳûһӵĻ׾޿




1952¡ɼЧ
 

˵Ļͷʾͬ
һӲժһ˿ˮ²ݣԶԶڳ¼˵
Ψгףܽ͵ͨ
죬˵ҽѲ·ûЯ׵ĹߣǸһķ
û̻ӦĻ
Ҳܻɳףһûأ
ѳ³Ļ¼ҾҪʧȥһλˡ
¼Ѿʮûţοǧһĳţ˼¸Ȱ˵
ԥ¸𷴵ǲѳμӵŷ¸˳ģѵ¼Ҿ͸ڶӵܵ𣿡
̧
ʵΪԼĶ䡢Լӵǡ
ɼԼȥˮ¶ɼΪױȡǱɼһĶӡ
ĳɼ¼ĻҲζųһ˵Ĺâǹ˲ıҵӡ
Ϊˣ̵ľ顣
ӵܱһСӳ׸ǹĪĳ衣
ʱ˵Ŀȫϣȴ
ΪǧҵĴѶϣܿһɨһۺ˵ɼЧǱĵһ
˵꣬ȫһƬȻ
ȻվڿԴĿ˵ĳһߣ
ʵ̫¼֮ˡ
Ҫ֪վֻһ˰صѵ
˰֣ʾ˵ˡ
û¼Ϊǧңѵһ˶ݲãοȷʵ츳ǳڣμӵܱ䣡
һǸĿɿڴ
ӣѳ¼ҡ
˶סˡ
¸ȴǿЦϲ㣬ҲϲŮ顣
˼ûгΪ¼˵Ȥ룬ֻǲҵŮܵ۸ƽ˵Ϻ޲
¼ӵܼ̬ɰһǻװƣ¼ҵĻỹҪѵҪλ
Ļ¸΢΢һ㵣û뵽Ȼ¼ҡ
ⷬԻŭλ¼ҳ
¸æԲţضĸ㵱겻ҲΪӦøһЩǵʱ䡣
ԡһֱϳ죬Ȼһٵ̳Ŀ
¼˶ˡ
˵Щʲô˵ˣɼѾͳϣȥϢΪı׼
ǣӵǲ飬ֻ½½߳Ҷ
һ뿪Ҷ¸ʹ˸ɫ
¸ᣬֻһ˺Ҷ
߳Ҷ֮ǰһۣȻûôóͨڿ϶ҪͶȥˮ¶һ
ˣǹһȣĵ߳Ҷȥˡ
һӲժһ˿ˮ²ݵĳɼʮΣΪܰõһͬˮ¶顣¸˵
֮¸Ϊ¸˽
ûף֮ǰ¸˶ŷ
¸˵ͷǽȥɡ
һˮ¶֮ڡ
¸չУͬʱ˵ĿѸɨĻʲô쳣֮
ΧӦûʲô⣬ǽȥ濴˵ţӿ˽Ų
¸͵ܹժʮҶʮҶˮ²ݣ˵϶һǲֱȥһ㾡ͷɣ
ԣߡѡ˸򣬱㽫ʩչ¡
˶Ĵ֣컹ܿһ
֮¸ͬʱ¶֮ɫ
ػƬˮ²ݸȫޣƺˣ¸ӣ۲µĳӡ
ʵ󲿷ֳӶո⣬ʬ嶼ڡ
¸ֻܿһЩӵʬƬ𾪵ĵط
ɫǶ߸ո̤ڵż޷ߣ޿һɱȫޣʵڻԶô쵽ģ
㿴¸ɫʰһʬƬٵǰ
ͫ΢΢һϸ۲ǰƬбյĺۼ
ԴĿڵǷ
¸иֺ֮ɫ˵ʩչɱЩ𣿡




1953¡Ѳ
 

˵ˡ
ҡҡͷ
ȷ˵Ӧһλֲǿ޷ߣɱȫޡ
ֲġǿ޷ߣ¸˫΢΢ɴ
һƺ뵽ʲô顣
ѵλ
ӣҵľл¼ǧľϣܴӵڶٴҡͷȻȥĴָʳָһСɫҽ
ӣǻ˭¸ĺɫҽʵܴӷһϣжϳ޷ߵ𣿡
ܣǡ
콫ĺɫҽɢн¶֮ɫ
޷ߵķпܻ֮ϣ
ʲô¸׵ˣһǾ¼ǧѪкİô᣿
Ҳܲţʵˣ˸ԽԽ֣ء
һӵг޷߽룬¼ûһ˲һصĴ¡
¸Ҳʶԣһ룺᲻ĵйأ
Ŀǰ޷ȷ
˵ţͨڶľ档
޷߽ˮ¶죬϶ǳˮ²ģһΪӡ
ǸϽȥڶ㿴
¸ļ֮£һǰľ޴ӡ
󣬵ǺܵǣӻᱻǸ޷߾ߡ
Ϊˮ¶ֻһ޷ˣ϶Ҫڳ
һ·ϲûиӦ޷߶ڵһĳ
Ҳ˵˺ܻܿڵڶ㡣
ͨڶ찴ס¸ļ򣬳ѵСĵ㣬˿ܾڵڶǱš
¸ͷһɫľߣһ߾ĴΧĻ
һǿøߴĺɫľ֮ǰ
ӻڿľϣλһ
Ȼҷɾ衣
ӣˣʵ
ľ£Ǹͷ̧ͷĮĿ¸ˣһ仰û˵
㻰ôش𣿡¸⸱ӣԽ䱸
ͻȻЦұǹʮ꣬˭ң죬ʵĲһƨ𣿡
ӵıƢ쵹ϰΪˡ
ͻȻ䣬ָһץϵľлս
УȻʮʹ࣬ûзȻǿ
ʵʵش𣬻ٳԵͷޱ˵
һɴɱˣԸҲֹط
Ӳ췴ƾлſĥӡ
Ȼ¸һۣ˶ΪӦò֪λ޷ߵĴڡ
ټһ¡
ȥû쳣
¸ˮ¶ڶһȦ
Ӻ¸صڶڣҡҡͷʾûκ쳣
Ҳĳλܶ¼ҵĽظȤԽ
¸Ĳ²⣬ûеõͬ
ҲôΪǸ޷߽ˮ¶죬ͼȥǽڱϸϸѲһ飬ҪС
¸ͷһ뿪ڶ㡣

صĳֱʩչĶҽˡ
ƱһһĵĿš
Գҽܿκ۵˿ڡ
̫лˣû뵽ҽҲôáмĶԳ˵
°̣¼ұҵ̫ǿˣЩӵܼô㣬ˮ¶Χҿ뱾ңԺҲܵż
ô˵Ʊ¶֮ɫ
һɸ׵Ը˻Ĵң¼ҴͶͦ˽ģ츳ôߣӦû飬鱻ӵ۸ҳҲԽ¼Ұʱչ飬ǾһҲûˡ
˵иڴ֮ɫ
ȷʵϣΪ¼ˡ
¼ұϾǧңܳΪ¼һ١
ҡҡͷǲܽ¼ҵģͲ˵ˣúϢ컹Ҫμӱ䡣
Ǻã飬ϢɡĿŮ˵
һʱ¼
һҳ߽һ崿Ůӡ
Ůӵݣ鶼ϵãǽμһӵܡ
塢°̡㡢磬ǺáŮһžͺòʺĸһ顣
Ůһ㱾ҴСļӶûУʱøУλãʲô𣿡




1954¡Ȫ
 

°̣ģҽ쿴һ˶ԿǱӵܵΧչֳʵҷǳ㽻ѡ
ҽСģңСڱϣ㲻ҪŶг磬ҵЩֳ÷ǳ֣ҸǵǸ
СĵıŮǵûһӣ̬ŵü͡
Ʊ򸾳׵ķ
һ£ˮ¶СĲûк¼ұӵһΧ
Сô˵΢΢һЦڵСģҺΪѣ˵ɡ
ˡСƺеԥ¼˵㣬϶۰ɣָȥǱȪȪǸȪָ̺кܴôŶ
⡭ûеһʱӦǿ˿ĸĸ
ոպСʶ͸СȥȪδе㲻ס
һֱ֪֪治֪仰еһأСĻ֮ˡ
ʮ¼ұС㣬оֹǳ
ԷһǿڵԼȥȪԣҪһȥ
仰һڣСɫˢһ¾ͺˡ
״ЦЦǲʲôĵط
̣ģҪȥǸȪأֻŮܽȥȪĻȥһȪأ˴ȥ
ȻˣҾͲȥˣȥɡһȪȤ
ȥȪأпܺܶ౾ӵܶȪ
ʱҪһͻ
ǺãȥȥСڴĿ顣
ûˣͷȪ΢Цͷãȥɡ
̫ˣ㣬ߡСĸ˵֡
Ůһͬȥ
ƱڷϢԼ߹䣬뵽ж
СһŮȪغ󣬿ڵĳˮ΢΢ȥúõһȪ
ǾȪرʱ˼Ůӡ
תһ⼸Ůǽ챻ݵ壬ԼļСá
ʱźɴ˵̫㡣
ۺ죬忴һ˲̽飬ˣȻȪӵܶǣʲôʸ
壬ҴġСеŵ˵
һݺݵĵСһۣð˻ûңͰͽǲǣСģҾ㣬ҪǸһԺûùӳԣ
壬ԺǾԼˣΪʲôҲܺദҪأôԺ϶¼ҵӦҪúŶ԰СĽ͵
ЦһָָԼ˵գ㿴СǱ˻ٵģҪҸദС޲ϻʮ
壬侲㣬Ҫü֪ͻǾͲˡ
Сļһ붯ֵӣʱеż
뵽µļҹ棬ȷʵֻӲסŭ
ȫݲ飬˼̵ĽеһͼּŮûʸȪСģ˹ȥ
ûʸ񣬿ɲ˵ġ鲢뿪Ȫء
һӿرߡ
ŭʹСþҪߡ
͸֧ܺԪûָûѡá
ǹȥ
⼸ıС㣬߹飬Ƶ
ȻԸСûɡ
ɣ˻Щײʯϡ
ˣ㻹һ֣վ֮󣬶ƿڴ
ž
صĸһơ
ڿˣ鵱Ȼ
㡢ҴңһˣһףҲû֮ǰǧСģ
Ȼ뿪ҪӰҺСȪ
㡢㡭ȥ״ִ򲻹һֻߡ
û߳Ȫ򣬾Ͳײһˡ
̧ͷһв־ϲ֮ɫ
³أô
壬ǲֱ۸ˣǹ㡣³Ȼ˵
ʵػ󼸸ӵܣղ濴СĽŮȪأ˾ŹͷȪ
ȻڴĿõֵһĻ




1955¡
 

ллǣ
³صлת顣
ˣڳǰӹһΣҿ㻹ܶ㵽ȥ
˵󣬱³߽
飬簡ûң͸ҽȪȪˣ³ߵǰ䳰ȷ˵
Ŀ³һۣȻߴתƵһϡ
Ŷ˽һ£λҵĴº
³Ǹǰ
Ϣ룬ƣȻǱҵ½ӵܡ
ӵ棬Ҳûꡣ
³ԼĴûӶԷҲûаֻҡ
飬ˮ¶ǿô౾ӵܣҾҴָ
³ⷬѧ˵ġ
Ҷվֹ³ѧԼҴ
Ҵֻжأ飬Ӧò᲻ҺҴ罻ְɣ³˵䣬Ǵ޵Ц⡣
ǹʱ䣬ûлֲָߣŸҹ鷳
³˵ºжʵͺԤƵĲ࣬ʵ¼϶м
ƶѧԺĴ󲿷ʦҲͶˮƽ
ŵвҲǶߡ
³ԼĴǳġ
ҪҴ򣿡ʵ
³ЦЦǣˣΪ˵Զ٣Ҵһ˸дУˣ˳㰲Ȫ˵Ļ
Ļ³û˵ڡ
߼ӵܶһۣ˺ٺЦ
֪ЩЦʲô۵׷һ˷ܵĹâ
飬Ҫ˵ˣǾѹ·Ȫأڳˮ
һһ㺮˪
̫ˣһԵСĹָ³ô㻹ⲻǹ۸𣿡
ûҾ۸ˣôذɣ
³ʮţһҲСĵָ
Сģǲ£
۸㣡СȫûǺֱӻǰ
ºһƣͰСĸƵһȥ
飬Ҵһҿû½ӵܴô
ºһ˫ſڳһȭơ
״֪ԼҲôˡ
Ȼ侳ºС㣬ڵ״̬治һӮº
һ֣ºͲȡӲӲֶΡ
״ֻ̬ѡ鶯Ĵ򷨣խȪرʩչܿºȭơ
ִ򷨣˭óƷǳ
СļƲ룬Ҫܳȥг
ոתоͷƤһʹɷһҽУ
СĵĲҽУȥֻСĵͷץסȻק˻
һ£Сʹᶼˡ
ҧסʹͻȻҧһץͷֱۡ
ʹ֮£ɿ֡
СܳȪڡ
СˣǼץסܻĽе
ļСæ׷ȥ
ʱѾºƵҪ֧Ųס
³ԽԽ˷ܣסȭͷϣºһ顣
أ
Ҽ类ºȭͷУһΣұȥ
խұڣһƬǡ
ǣºʮֵĵ⡣
һѹб½ӵ飿Ҳºһ䣬͹
ұڣ鼸ŲĿռ䣬ֻܾƺºȭͷӲӲ
ҼˣƳв˳ºץסһ㣬͹·
ͣ춥סˣ³˷ܵ⡣
һ̣;ˡ
ž
һ죬ÿ˵ĶС
º֮£۽⿴ȥֻһɫˣվܵߣԵɱһ㡣
鿴֣һ
Сĳȥÿڱйĳ
֪ΣգٶŮȪظ
һ³һӣ³ˡ
ºתŭСӣҴҵܵܣ
¼ҵİ࣬Ƕడҡҡͷ˲ºǰ
ºû뵽ٶȾȻô죬·ؼĹһ㣬Ŵˡ
أ
̧һţº߷ɳȥ
ºˤұϻ׵úֽ
³ĴԳ޵ֿ֮СúһƬ⡣
ÿµˣ
ǲòţһӲժһ˿ˮ²ݵʵ




1956¡ֲû
 

磡
ºһߵð³ŭӡ
ûüŭ͸оһᣬ·ƼɵС
ȷӦ³šĴһȻˤڵϣžĹ
ʰ³Ŀŵϡ
Įסȫһһ͸ĸо
𡢱ң㡭
ػδ˵꣬˾ͷ˳ȥˤ³ߣһѪ
һ仰û˵³ļӵܴɳȥ
˺СȫŲˡ
ǲǷˣ˿Ĳܣָ
ΪҴС㣬ʶΪԼݸ߳һȡ
ǵޱĳǰʱС㹾һѽҪ˵Ļȫ˻ȥ
ž
һƴɴǱϡ
ҽһ˳
ոմ˿ڣͱһ´ˣѪȾ˰ɫɴ
֮飬һơ
ֻоĵʹһڣʹ˹ȥ
Сãס
ȫҹһȣ⼸Ůһֵ̿ıӳȪ
ôݣŹģ
º³ȥһݻ
ûжЩɱ֣ղǼţϰ⼸ǰ;ıӵܸϵˡ
飬ôߵǰ͸ͫһơ
û¡촽е㷢ףôҲûµӡ
磬Ҵȥҩ˰ɡСĲ֪ҽһ顣
ˣСС㣬鷳ȥţҪκ˽
ļƣºǻ˺ܿȥ¼ҳ״ȻСڴš
Сı˵ʲôǲٶʣɵߵڴѷ硣
º³ͷ֪˶٣һ·ߣ·˶¸
ˣǴӣΪֹ³ҧгݵ˵
¸ڱѰǸ޷ߵӰʱС֮飬ֻǿһۣԳѵ϶ȥҳ鷳˱ˣԼȥҩ˰ɣûչǡ
³һסˡ
˽ƽʱӵǷǳôǺܲͷ
ĺúݣǵˣͷ֪˶ٸ
ôأ¸΢΢ü϶³оֹ̫֣ǿ֮ˣԲôء
飬ʹһдҪȥҩˣ󳤱¡
¸˵ô࣬³ҲȥѵˣҪ
¼ҵмжԱϿչ̺ʽѲ飬ҪҵǸ޷ߡ
ǳڵŮȪأʱûѲ鵽
飬·ˡһ仰ϸΡ
ˡΪʲôҪ·
ȪˮָкôȥȪˡһɫ˵
־ɬָ죺ŮȪأҪȥȪ
ôҲȥСţʲôùǵģΪȻ˵
ǡǡ
뵽ҪͳһȪһŷͨͨ
ͱ̫ˣֲû˽ߣЦһ䡣
ȥ£
ҧ˳һȭ
һЦģȻΪ飬סɬҪݿԣǱҪΧ
˵ţĿͶڳرһ⻬ʯͷϵİɫë
ʯͷëСķġ
պóһá
û⣬ȥɡ߹ȥëС
ҧ촽תȥҡ
֪ҪʲôԹתȥԼ·ë
鲻˼ëĶߵһʯסĽ䣬·ëú󣬲߳
ֻһë¶Ƭѩ׼ջģ۾еתˡ
鲢ûó࿴ۣѸȪأųرˮֻõϰϹ߻谵ȪڣȪ鿴ȥ֣һʵС
ֱߣҼ紦˵˹ͷ֮ǰ޷ȫָ
˵ţҼ硣
ʹʲô̲ס˳һۡ
һһ㶼ϧ
ʹ𣿡ͻȻ֮䣬ͷס˵硣
һȫסˣȻȫһŻ棬·˶ȼա




1957¡
 

û뵽ͻȻסҼǣ˲Ӷ
㡢
ûиˡֱȻһֻᰴס˵ļ򣬿ʼѪ
ֻоůģǳƣȪڣһ˯ȥˡ
ˡһ㡣
лл
˵ŵлȴǲתͷȥ
ʱ˿̣ĵ׻Ƿǳɬš
ʵⲢһκͳȪ
֮캣ǱһݹһΣһλᰡۺƳһݣԵûôš
һ֮ûжʲô֡ľٶĵһ˿˿ʧ䡣
һһȪ
ôֱôʵװʲôأ
ţ۽͵͵˳һۡ
ֻȻ۾һȪӡ
鰵֮£ˮϡ
˼º󣬳۾Цõ˵СƵġ
źүϴô㲻ⰡЦӦ
ŮȻ˵Цһ˵ԵúӲ
ݸˣ˳طҲϴһϴɣ硭
˵󣬳βᡣ
Ȼɫһ¾ͺ͸ˣҧ촽ɫǣҾ֪Ȫ⣡
˵鷳Ҵ±ӣ뵽ȥˣЦȥ
ҡ
鱻˵ɫͨ죬ȴһ仰ˡ
ǻƳ϶ȻĺͳΡ
ˡ
ֻҧͷȥ
㲻ҪźѧƷҴ걳˵ţȥ֡
һֱֻץסɵҪԼֲ꣬걳
ǵȥ캣ȪɽׯȪ𣿵ʱ۾ͰҴۿŵģ츳϶һͶЦָ
һɣ̲ס˳һۡ
һЦ⣬ﻹ͸¶ڴӣ⵹ľܾˡ
뵽ͨһˣԼ걳Ҳʲô
һһȪæ걳Ϻ顣
˵Լ֮黹վӣߵ
ó΢΢죬ԭֻǿЦû뵽Ը걳
Ųǰһ㣬Һöһ˵һ߽˽ϵëΪĳλ̫ΰë䡣
ԭǿųرڵģôһ˵Ųһ壬пռ
ţ̫޼ɵַ걳
ܵ鼼ӲɵЦ
Цʲô
ûаǲˣ
ߣһЦַãҲźˣһͣ
æ͵ҲǸ˼˵Ǳߵʯͷ棬ǷŴҩ֮Ĵ蹤Щ
һϷˣǶͦࡣԼͽְ裬һʱеΣֻùԹԵĹȥô蹤߹
ʵ鶼ϷˣûӣȻ֪ô¡
ϴѧʱͬͬѧбӣһȥ֪ôˡ
˴ڳȱȡұȱȣǲ֪֡
Ц˵㲻֪ôõĻѧɣѴɱҺ󱳵ɡõ塣
ݣ̲סһЦ
˵İ¿ɱ̫ء
㾡ܴ꣬һƤ䡣
ġ׳ĺʤġ
첻һƤҾͲƣ
㻹Ը°
仰ĺʤĶ˻ȥ
ϻ˵ãҪʼˣ
黰һ䣬˫һֱ
ȻݺݵڳϴӱĤĻҪ档
һıͱˡ
鲢û˴ʲô
ӴҪıɱ׷𣿴ôһ鱿׾ֱַһߺЦ٩
ıɱͷ軹һѻˣˡ
һֱûƤ鲻ейɴͣ
𰡣ǰûأ˵ţתúͶӵĿԡ
һԿһЩһķ羰
ǣæëһ㣬ȻĹĵĵųɫǣҿ
ҲҪҿҪ꣬ѴҡһץĴץ
΢΢һ㶣ȻվҲŲҪ裬Լȥɣ




1958¡ļʻ
 

תȥһ˵ѪٽϵѪҺѭҪԹҽ˵Ļ
鲻֪˵ʲôãǹʹתӡ
ùرߵһСľʣˮ
ޱȾн飬Цһԡôꣿ
ҡ޷粵ֻܽס󱳵ԡһ㣬¶һƬѩ׵ļ
Ҳǿȫ£˫ʩչذĦַͨѪҺ
û뵽ַôãٽˣϸɫ
ôҵַȥɫ
ߵһ仰ҲҴֻһĵͷȥ
ˣղ˵ûҴһƤĻͲƣҪˣתƻ
˵¼ңЩ䣬̾һ¼ҺңҸĸеȫһر裬ڿ϶ܲܣΪ¼һܸ˵ĽǽɻΪһӣЩӵ̫ˡ
軹ǲԸ뿪롣ӻ
һڵڷǳأʮТ˳⹫⹫ԸС
ҿ⹫Ը޷ˡ
仰̧ͷ
Ϊʲô
ˮ¶¼Ҿڰٰ㣬״̬޷ȫָʱ˵Ҫʲô㣬ǸҪһְһ߰صıӵܺ䣬ܱɼףɼһҲûá
һ˳Ĭ
ó˵Ĳ޵
ķôأ
뵽ԼסɼȡݸȪӵ鷳ͻȻûɵľʮίʡ
ЩͲڱ룬ΪӵܣҲ뿪
Ҫ֤¼ҿ¼ԴԻڣ
ҲҪ֤ԼĸĸԼʵ㲻¼ңҲߺҷɣ
ı䣬ҶҪõһΪ˳ΪӵܣҪһ
ͻȻվԡϻ䣬ǾȻȻ֮ɫ
һʱԼ߹ⶼˡ
ץԡϣҡҡͷ˵úܺãõһѣ˵ܣЩ¼ҳķͷ׸ǹӵܵġ
Ҫҡתһ˫ɬͼ֮ɫ
飬㣿أֵסˡ
ҧ´ǣ˵ҡ˫ޡ
䣡
ϵѪҺΪ仰ӿ糱
ò˵仰˵ʵ̫ջˣ
ȷ飬ҿɲǿ㡣
Լȷһ¡
ס⣬ͷţȷǲǺǸܿٻָ״̬Ϊ
ûһʼȽʹ࣬ΪҵķŷǳԵܼסĻǳ󡣡ɫش
Ǿ͡ɡɿץסԡ֣ԡٶȻ䣬Ȼ۾ü
ڴŵСģ֪ˮ뵡ɾȪУʲô顣
һ峤ֳǵȥƺʲô£ԼҲý
СҸֳһֲ뿪ȪڣֻʱʱһۣûС
ֻڴȪأСҲֻӰѷ硣
ĳ˾Ҫʻһĳܳ
Ȧһ鳵ֻ׹⻬ã˫͸ԲʸУβԲĿ
ͳܵĳţԿǳΣƤλָʣȥԶȡ
һμʻпռѹȸУҲ˸սԣϼʻһϤԿ׻룬һ˲䷢ţӭŶˣˮпˮĽЧͲŵˮΡ
ò˵綥ܵĶǿѹֱˬԶԶһ㳵ܱȵϵģһܺѹָѶƯƶ˵ۻܶ޿ޡ
СʱͣЪϢ
ڴСѵȲˣڼ͵͵һֿۣÿĳСߵȥҲٰæѷ硣
ҹûٽȪء
˿ֻоԪȣ״ָ̬۷壬ǲ˼֮ɫ




1959¡Сʱ
 

΢ЦǰӢдŽߵľɫŮҲе⣬ȻܳܵסԵаҽ˫޷ţСʱＸûоκʹࡣ
飬ʺŰ
ô˵ߵöͨ죬ʶˮеԡ
ץס֣˵飬ӽʼҳŮˣʲôúߵģ
ҡ
黰û˵꣬ͱԵ뻳УԡȻ䡣
˼ӵһԭ޵ĳʥ
ĬĬų⣬һ˫§סСԴڳϣʲôҲû˵
˺һ󣬳һ仰ƻգ飬Ǽɣ
Ҫ㡭𣿡߳ܵʵ
ΪܼСʱѾܾúܾˡ
û뵽Ҫ
ЦҵȻۣղֻǰָ״̬ҪͻƶھأҲǲܵ顣
Ǹţôһ˫΢΢ɴ֮ɫ
ȻЦţ屧رȥ
Ǵˮ뻻ط
ּСĻſأ
ˣġ˵ţͷס齿޵Ĵꡣ
ֻܱȡͬʱҲųڻ˫Ԫ
ʵ֮ǰûгձΪҪȫգΪ޽ӽԲˣͻƣȱֻԡԵϵһ
Գʣڵ֮У˫ʱÿ԰һɸ飬ͻƶھءͻ
ԽԽϣ˵ЧҲԽԽߡ
һιȥСʱڳİ³ɹͻƶھء
־ϲⷨţʵ̫ˣ
ܵõϵļȻ䣬вΪ⵱Ȼʮ־档
ҲΪӺãܵסֺ˫޵ЧǳãԼҲ˲һЩرĸ
ԭİŮ˹ͬﵽĴгʱָоȻ
֮ǰƳΡޣõֻǰɹõķţûرܡ
ӣõȻаҽķţΪӣ֮䲻İ⣬Ҳûвرо
ᵽаҽ˫޷֮
˿ԪԲ˫ȣʱضпͻơ
鿴ƽʱȫͬҲоҪͻˡ
ٰ㹮һ¾硣Լһ㶼ż
һǳؼʱ̣оԼҪͻƣȥͻƣṦܴɡ
һߺ˫ޣһ߸Ļ˵ȻȻͻƵԲ硣
ԳֺһСʱ˫ʱ°ҹ
飬ھȫڶھأǽͻĻʱ䲻ǺмΣͲͻ¾ˡ
˵䣬ϵе⣬Ҫ
ѹ˵ѵڶ̶ʱͻƵٶʵ̫ˣ
͸˵ֻǵʱ㲻Ӧҡ΢΢һЦ
ΪϳʲôˣҲûмСʱǰôɬҧ촽֮ǰ֪Ǹô
ˣǻȥϢɣ컹Ҫμӱ䡣˵ţʼԼ·
˴·󣬱뿪ŮȪء
߳ͱҹ¼ӵסһʵôô棿
Ǹ裬׼ط䣬ôˣشʱ֡
⻰һڣ¼ӵܵƱһء
Ͽȥϣκ˲Ҷ
Ҳٷϻһȥ
¼ӵں濴ʮĽ붼֪϶ǵȪô򵥡
ص󣬳Ʊ򸾻û˯
飬ôôŻɰǵˡվеʵ
·ɣ裬ȪźݵñȽϾãҳ£һֱҡ
⺢ӣôóôأһ䣬˶ֵˣȻǶˣǾ͸Ͻ˯ɡ
֡裬Ҳ˯˵ţ˳һۣɫ糣Ҳ˵ʲôЬӺɵȥ
׳Լĵһθͳ˯һŴٽɬоۡůܰģһ˯ˡ
Ǻ˯⣬ΪһҪҪ
ֻǽϣԥҪҪж




1960¡̽¥
 

ǣ𴲣뿪䡣
죬ˮ¶ڶ¼ҹѺһ
ӡ
˶Իʱһֱû͸¶Լݡ
չһ֮Ӿͳס
׾ǣֻҪӦȳȥô͸߳Ƕ¥ĽƸƳ
Ȼ״ӦΪ޷ȷ˵滰Ǽٻ
ΪȡΣѡ˸еķǾȸ߳ǰ漸ƵƳ֮ȥȵӦ֤Ƴ֮û⣬ǾͻӣȡһƵƽ֮
ӦӣǱ°ҹʱһ˳䣬ߵ¥̽ȥ
һ·Ѳߵ¼ӵܲ٣׵ıܹ
ܿ죬¥һࡣ
ǰŵӵܲûзԱǱһˣ¥ûв
ҹ֮УһֻɵèԹȰٶӵ¥ΧΧߣȻ󷭹ˣ򿪶¥ţ¥֮ڡ
Ӷ¥ʼҪעⲻܴˡ
ĴųѾ΢仯ڳԴųĸӦƿԽԽ㲻˵ķҲܱܿһεҡ
ԽߣƾԽ
ǿеνƣп̻ǽϡ󷨡
漸¥Ҫӵƽ֮
Сİĳ·λߣڣһ¥ݿڡ
¥ݿڣ¥һ㡢Ҳһơ
͸ͫһ¥ݷ֡Լ¥ݵÿһףķӡ
ôķӡϵ˳̽һµ뷨
⣬ѾһĨǰףֻ˳¥󣬴ǽȥ֪Ļص䡣Ѿӡ֤˵ƽ֮û⣬һˮ¶ɶӵĳŵ
Ҫҿ¼ҴķлҲûôס
ص󣬳ڴϷ˸̧һۣƺ§ס˯ӣȴ§˸ա
һĻĳϲһЦ⡣
һЦĿɵһ죬ôô𴲣
˯ñǰÿһҪ𣬾ǲ֪°ҹ뿪˷䡣
Цŵ٩ҹ뱧ң·˵ܲ𣿡
ҡУһɫˡ
ԼһǳƵΣͳ˷ǳƵ飬ѵΪΣ˯ĶҲô
Ϸߵӣ㲻·ﻹ˵ųҪҪء
㡢죡ߵرñӸסԴ
ԼĸĸһߵĴ˯ţǳĳĻĸ
飬ɰͱﲻסЦˡ
龽ȵģȷʵʮֵĿɰ
ЦôŷӦһԭڵЦ
ˣ
鷭´ЬӣȻߵǰͷһһͨ淴͵͵
һȪСʱ
ʱƱҲ˯ˣס⡣
˳緹ǰɽ㳡
㳡󣬳һۿȥֻܶ¼ӵѾЩӵʮ˷ܣҲеһţȻΪʼı俼ϡ
¼λ졢¸ڶ峤㳡ϣж
Щ¼ҳǰģһС̨
̺ܼ򵥣ͨǩʽͶ֣վαĵһ
飬ȥǩɣǱߣע⵽λǰһľ䡣
ľ䣬ǩġ
ղμӱӵܣŶӳǩɣ¸վ˵
Һͷּӵܷ׷ǰųС
¸׼ǩʼʱ¼ҳûŶӵ³һ߹
ȱǩһ¼ҳڵ
¸һ۾ϳ⼸ֱº³Լصĸĸ岮
º³ĸ˿̷ǳŭ죬ҧȫǶˣ¼ҩöβãҪ
˻һȫһƬȻ
ҶӣҲˣصĸŭ
˷ŭüͷһ壬վ߹˼һº³صơ
ȻĿͶϡ
ģ
⼸ŮȪضŮѳֻ֣΢ѵһǰˡ
ԼֲݣϾûҪǵ
⻰¼Ǿǲһ˼ˡ
º³شɷˣȻֻ΢ѵһ¶ѣ
СӰ˿һ̫ʦη֣һվŭ




1961¡˽˶Թ
 

⡢Ͳ̫˰¸˵̾
ûϸ鼸ӵܵƣû뵽Ǳôء
ţСãҲվ״
λһҪΪֹҵˣĨߵ
ĺ󱳣ģǾһСﵽͷǧҳΪЦ
һ̣ܵܶеĿ⣬ȻϾվţԼʲôĹ
ѹŭ⣬˵һٸᣬΪʲôȴ˲֪ϧ֪ж¼ңȴã
˵ҶԳΪ¼˺ȤֻŮѻĸѣǱôϻˣϽʼɡ
ⷬЩը
Ծ¼ӵܵԹ
㿴СӶʲôˣѵǻҪڳ𣿡
ûлӦĻ
һֱԥ
ȥˮ¶óӦûס
ôӾǱ츳ʵҪ߳ĳš
Źһǧһǰ׺һⶼûС
˰֮ģͷ
ճµĴʵ͹ʮˡ
ֱ˿Ȼɱ˳
һλǧ겻ĳζʲôڳκһ¼˶Ҫ
˵ǧҵ˥裬ڼﳬŵϡ
һ˵ļֵڳ¼ӵܵļֵҪɼûĻ
ȱٶ춥ѹ˵仰
Ϊûʶ¼Ҵожôǿ
ȱ󣬵չһ¼ҵĴ
ϣ˵
³غǵĸĸ岮ݺݵ˳һۣȻ˻Լλá
¸һ
ԣУûеɱ˳
ʵº³⼸ӵܣ̫ŰˣȻȥŮȪض֣ͷ˴
ѵǾûֱֻȽأһ㲻ô
ѡ񱣳ĻڲƱطѡ
ҲǺܶ궼ûгֹĴ¡
ʼǩ¸һ䣬ǰıҺͷּӵܰ˳ǩ
ܿ죬ӵܳǩ
鵽ľǩдһ֡
ͬˣǵһֵĶ֡
мӵܱˣ޷ϳ¼ֿա
ߺţǡֿպ֮һ
ƱŮˣһֿղ̨ȴһĸ׿ڵСŮ˲ܴҪҵĴŮϳ͵һֿյ˽˶Թ
ҲҪͳ˽˶Թº³ĸҲˣҲǿλó飬Ͱ˽˶Թ
ĸ׺֮˵֪ܿҪ
˻Լ
ûдӦˣΪҪ½ӵܱ䣬̨ô˽˶Թ
δ쿪ڣʵӶˣ̨˽˶ԹҲҽӣ
кβңڴӦ
ĽҲվʵ飬ҲҺҴ򣿡
ʹ򣬾͵ҵһֵĶ֡ҲԥĴӦˡ
˶û뵽ȻӦ
ʵڱҵзǳͻԶԶһȺ½ӵܡ
͸˵ˣ¼ҳһûĸС֡
Ӧԭֹ˽˶Թ룬˸ڡ򣬸ܿʵļ
ӯ̨֡
ڸ飬żֻ̨ͨ
һ䣬ʽʼ
¼ӵܡرǱӵܣȫϣѹ飬һ
¼ҳǾⳡʤѷ֡
춼ľԻָղŲֻ̨ͨ
ξǱᣬѾжˮ׼ȵһЩ¼ҳˡ
¼ҳǿⳡ
¸Ҳģ̨ڵ㵽Ϊֹභ
㵽ΪֹûŮ㵽Ϊֹĸ׸ն¸˵
⵹¸һʱ޷
ʱ̨ϵѾ֣
磬˲۵ǰһӿЮ˫֮ϣ飬һ־ȫء
ϵڻޱĳУҲͲˡ
ҹոսصԸһعߺѹ
ֻʹơĻʽͽڴ˻ȥ
˻ûüȣƣϱ۵Ȳλڴ̨
Ȼ֮׷
ŵĿ̨ϵ飬ôһҹ֮䣬ʵһأ




1962¡ʹֶ
 

ʤڣȫ¼ˡ
¼ҳǸȫóʵǿһء
ֻŮȪ˼СʱָֻܻһЩ
ôܻԼʵأ
¾μӱӵʵһ䣬Сˡ
Ǿ֮ɫ̨վŵ飬ˮ¶۵ϥصǸ
ʵǰڱ̨վվ˵̨ս
˾ĿУ̨صԼĸߡ
ھغһγ֣Լ״̬ʵǳ⡣
ı֣ǿ֮ڣû˵ʲô
Ʊǳװڰеķʮ־ϲĿ飬ʵǲˣ
ǰ˳ġҽ˺ͻָ״̬˵ţ˳һۡ
ƱæлҲûϸΪʲôҽܰŮʵ
ΧžͲһˡ
˵ǳҽĹͣЩ¼˲뵽ѵҽô棿
졢¸Ǹ뷨
Ҳ˵ܿܶĳر
Ϊǧңڹ¸Ȼ˽⡣
Щܹ̼ͨѨλǿ˵ʵ
˵̼Ѩλʵһ¥
¸룬ǲ¶һ롣
ֻõĲѡ
һλĹߣζʲô
ѧĸɣĹҽĴҽɣԼʮҽҡ
콫ݣ뵽ҽɻҵӵȥ
ĻҲͽ͵ͨΪʲôԸ¼ҡ
Щҽɺҵ˼룬κ˶Ҫؾɡ
ǾӵȥʲôѧԺ߸ѧϰġ
Щӵѧ֮󣬲Ըع塣
¸һۣٹ۲һ³ѧı֡
ֵˣҹ̨̤һ˲䣬̨ݺһ¡
ж͡
΢΢ҡҡͷ̤ӣһ̨
Сĵ㣬оˣƱں溰
ֿ¼ҵĳ̨ʮˣƱΪǡ
ô˵΢΢һЦ֣裬ǲõĳûġ
Χ¼˼Գôģȫ̫߹Լˡ
Ƕ۷Ĺߣѵֲɣ
ǾԲܵ顣
Ͼȥʮ궼ûУһʮˣôͻ
ˣǱضǹǧһľţ
̨󣬿ߺ޵ĵһҪ̻ӡ
Ҫ̨һȷʵӮˡ
ƫƫѡ֡
ֻ˵ѡˡ
¼شѧ̽צڲصǰ£ȫµĽǡýڽڴϣζֲĿ̻ܣҾ㳢ζ
˵仰˫ֻצһȦȦŤĹһ˲˸оĳģˡ
ֻԼԼ˫֣ͬצ
̽צδʩչƾ˿ɲ
Ʋ
ǵһμʶ¼ҵشѧ̽צжôһصĹʩչҲͲ
ʹֶΣɲ¼ҵķ̽צ
˵ţָһź롣
ȻһаҽŵѨַжࡰ
û뵽Ȼ뵱սѵʩչ
˵˵Ժܶ¼ⷽ롣
ҲģȻ濴ȥ񱻷ŭӣʵһҲС
Ϊ鶼׻ˣܱܿʵǿֲˮ׼ԴƶϣΪʮ֮˾źһǶ۷塣
ǺͶ۷ͬʵ޷ߡ
Ų²ĹʽӦǲٿչ޷սһ룬չѸײڶٶǰʩĻᡣ
СӣʩҪ죬ҸҴ򣬽ˣָ룬һûӦӣв̵Ц⡣
˫צֱ̽ȡιǡ
ķ̽צóʱͻȻ֮䣬˲Ťұɫ




1963¡һ
 

аҽ֮аΪĥ˵ֶαҽ˵ֶθ
һСʹʲô̽צ˵ƣʽˡ
˲ԣֻҪгȴͻȻ֮乭Ϻ״ڸϹһֹŹֻ
ֻ¼ҳܿĳ֣С˲ʧȥս
ֱ̬ĳٶȣѾȫѹһλ۷ߣ
Ȼ޷˿ȫʵѾǾκˡ
ѨλǿʵʵĶսޱ𾪡
¸ԭΪ˵ģû뵽ɱˡ
һ룬ɫʹ·ȥ˴
еģѨλкԪʧȻһı
㡢㡭ŭȴһ仰Ҳ˵
ļֵæ̨ȥ
ȫһƬžֱ̨¼˻޷ܳʤĽ֡
ˣ˽˶ԹѾճС¸һ
͵תͷ죺¼ҳѵŹ
ղѾ˵ˣͳ˽˶ԹȻ̨󼼲ˣǾûʲô˵ġЩĻӦ
ģӳʵݡ
һ̿ʼѾܵĽһ¼ӵͬˡ
ǡ
˵ȴֱӴϣûпǣѵˣ¼ҸֻҪһһϣǾͲǧң׽ЩǿȨûʲô𡣡
ѻ˵ôأʱƿԡ
λԼȫͬάǧҵķǺԼ˲ʲôǶԵģ˲ʲôǴġ
УȻıûʲôˡ
һ־ͻ˶صڣ½ӵܣĸ֣
츳ʵǿҲˮ׼ѣ⻹ĸ͵͵СĽ
ͨͱ֮ǰ¼½ӵܲǧ괫ĸ߼ѧ͹ǰЩ߼ѧĻ֡
Խı䣬һ˾
ʼǰйԶӵáķ壬á̽צ
裬ֻѧ˵ƤëʵսòáɫеΪѡ
ּҴѧĻȡʤᣬĻ¼ұһ˵ţĶӼ̨
ߣƱ֪ԼĶʲô飬ɵеš
飬ӮĶӣǱαĵһˣͰŮ
ЦЦ裬ģ̨ˡ
˵ţʩչԾ̨
½ӵܱս飬ʽʼ¸̨ⲽŻ
ȻѧΪ˿Ծƶվԭؿⲽ
ԼǶأսص飬ֻ̫ĸ׵ĻüҴѧ
ԥ˫ֻצϰץȥ
һδЩü΢ֱȡйʵʵӡϡ
ûбл߶ܵĻᣬһƴУͺ֮ǰһˤ̨ģǱ
ϲñ½ӵܱһ¸һ
ȻƱСҲơ
˵Ե䡣
¼ûиŹơ
컹ƲͳմˣԸƣ
ܿ죬˾ͷִҲ
¾ٲԸҲֻܸŹơ
̨ҵŽϲ֮ɫ
ڳɹ֤Щ¼˿ˣ
飬ɼͱɼеһңң½ӵܣ¼Ұһĳţϲ㣡¸˷֮£Ӷ˿ǡ
Ϊ֮ǰ˵¼ʮһš
¸ֱӽ鶨λɰһҲΪ츳컹ߡ
ʵҲȷˡ
лл¸΢ЦͷȻ̨صߡ
ձԲǰΰ¼ǧڡ
¸ô˵ᶼˡ
ܹɸ׵Ը
ǿһۣƺо⣬Ǳ㲻ɫĺһ¼ߡ
˴һ·ŵ¼ǰ
¸߾ֱۣʾͣ¡




1964¡ΰ
 

¼¼֮һȻûƣͨӵܲ룬ᱻΪڡ
¸ʾͣºת˵ղμͱһһʮ߸½ӵܣʮ˳ɼأʮӵܣһдһڣݼڣǰѪʽ
ʮ½ӵܺǵĸĸ¸ô˵ȫԸӡ
һ£ǼνѪʽ
ʽϣЩ½ӵܽһʾǧѪΪ¼ҺˣҲܹ¼ҵǧ괫оѧ
֣Ȼ츳ܸߣûоѼѪķ̽͡צֻƤë
ȻѪҲԶԶе˾ѺѪǿ޷ͻʮһڶھ۷壬Ѫǿ¼ҵľѧҲ޷¡
¸߳ʮ½ӵܣܾܲѼѪܽ뱾ҡ
Ҳ˵½ӵܽ뱾ҵĸʣһ롣
ǾѼѪҺĸʣ¸ԼԤ϶֮һûС
顢䡢½⼸϶ûʲô⡣
Ǵӵʮʼӵͱɼֻǿ⡣
ҽ˵ţҪ̤ż
ʱڵλܲҴҸ׵ƺ͹ǻҺнȥΰڣҸԸϣԼܹ棬ϣλܹҸ׵Ը
Уܾ̾㸸ײһͨˣһ˵ּҳʲôʸԼƺڷһ𣿡
¸ҲûдӦ˼
ϾܰƷŽ¼ȣΪ޴ס
ǲΪĸ׶
¸룬ڵˣģѵƷǰ¼ӵǰΪ޴ףŮԺΪ´󹦣ôǻɿǽ㸸׵ƷŽ
˵ֻǴԲ
ʵ㹻⹫ƽĴ󹦣Ǹʼ͵顣
¸ô˵飬Ÿ׵ƺ͹ǻҺУ֪Ǻá
ʱվ˵ǲӦ̵ҪҺھߡ
ʲô˼вǣŻ档
¼ҳɫҲʮֵĲÿ
һμʶ˳Ŀ
¸ڿҪҪӦ
¸Ͳ˵ˣոºļֵԸ¼ңǽܳΪ֮µĵһս
ҳᣬǳᣬҪģ
Ϊʱգͻﵽˮ׼һⶼûС
֣ÿһؾһΡ
ϣϾǸŵˡ
ԽǼ룬˾
Ϊһ¼ǧѵ
ãҴӦ㣬Ҳһɡ˵仰ͷҲصȥ
ȫ¼˶ˡ
Ȼһٶ̳
ɫڵ˼㣬ǰҲ÷ֻסŭ¸һ߽ͬȥ
һһȥʮ½ӵܵļУе
ýΪ¼˵ûʲôÿġ
ҪѪʽΪİȫǾ
ָһһյյƻ
ӵǿһ档
ڳһǰúõСѣûʲôϡġ
˿ǰһſĵľϣӵ͵ŷ¼ڵơ
ֻƣӦþ¼λ档
Щϻ̺˿˿ͬǷ̺Ļһ
֮⣬ľϻһعӵḷ֮̌ǰ
ľ̺ͬı߽ǿһķӡм䰼ݽȥγһԲ
ԲʲôûС
һ۾Ϳľһ
ӦƼ̡ɽͼļҴ
ˣȵǰΰڣȻ㸸׵ơ¸˵
ллͷлȻż飬һߵ¼ڵ֮ǰɫϵĹ£һߵ׾ŴΡ
Ȼվƹľ׵ưձ֣һƵıԵλãǻҺǰ档
ȫٶŬŬ˵ʲôջû˵
˻¸ʮ½ӵ˵ǰΰڣΰݹĻηߵ
ǣ
ʮӵһͬǰ¡




1965¡ʽ
 

ڹ¼ƣĵײûʲôִ
ϾԼϣ¼ҵѪҺ
Լ츳ôߣ϶Ҳ¼Ѫͳԭ
鹧ĸǿͷߵ󣬺ӵһվ
ã˳򣬽Ѫʽ¸ʮµ˵
ʮ½ӣһЩ˱ȽĻʱվǰ档
԰˳Ҳʽ
ȫû˳⣬վ棬ñȽʽ
һ½ӵߵľǰϵḷ̌ʵʽôʼأ
ȱżȴ̷¸΢΢һЦ
óЩ½ӵȫȲˡ
ߵ̷֮ǰ΢΢һ˫һ̧ĬͻȻ䣬ǰľɢĹâ
м䰼ȥİԲۿɼٶһСʺѪҺ
ʩϣ˫֣תĶӵ˵¼ڵѪҺǵѪҺľУܵõڵϿɣǵѪʽɹ
˵껰ߵһ߸ֶһӵǰ׼⡣
ӵܼȽ˷ܣȲҧִĴָȻ󽫴ĴָѪҺľ̡
˵һ죬̷Ӧâøǿʢ
һӵµĵһѪҺû䵽Բͱľ̷ɢʧڰС
һĻǿҵڴ֮ɫʧˣȡ֮ޱȵĺʧ䡣
Դͷɥȥ
ŵڶӵʧܣûмѪ
ĸӵ䣬ǰʱҲ֮ý
ԼӼѪǾûġ
ص伤ļѪܵʲôΡ
һ£¼ҼѪΪΡ
󲿷¼ӵֻܼƷѪܼƷѪڼѾˡ
ƷѪӵܣ¼Ҵżʮһ
ڵ¼ңֻдƷѪ
⻹д˵еļƷѪѪ궼һһ˿ԺԹȥ
ΪԼĶܼƷѪһƷ
ƷѪĻԺʵ׾١
Ϊ϶ֻܼƷѪ
ּӵܼƷѪ̫ˡ
˵黹Żع鱾ңĸ׺⹫ͨˡ
ܳɹƷѪ˹ʺˡ
ţѾԼģһѪҺ뿪֮С
ȻѪҺ谭ͨڵѪҺ֮С
֮âţ
һĻǼ֮ɫ
̵ķӦôԼҶӱضƷѪɣ
¸Ҳ¶ϲ֮ɫû뵽ѪǵԤڡ
âһѪ壬˲ѪҺڡ
ûоſ־壬ΪѪɹļ
裬ҳɹˣ伤֮£ת
۾ȴſϵķӡ
ֻķӡȫȥ
ԭƷѪϧ¸̾
ɫҲӾϲʧ
վ츳ޣȻ޵أֻƷѪͻƵһؾոˡ
ǲ٣ԼҶƷѪҲƷѪǿöࡣ
ΪƷѪ¼ӵܣο̿࣬ջ޷ͻ
һ¸£һ½ӵǰѪ
СʱȥǰʮѪʽӵܣֻжʮһ˳ɹ
УƷѪֻˡ
ɫе㲻ÿƷѪӵܱԤƵҪٺܶ࣬Ȼֻ
ֻܰϣϡ
뵽ֻһķּӵܣ¸ֲ̫ڴ
飬ʣһˣȥɡ¸ߴٵ
á
ͷɫƽߵľǰԼֱ
һʺѪҺֱϻ䡣
һ̣¸һš
ϵķȱһâ𣬽ͨҫͬ硣
ôǿҵĹâסƱĸ첲
ȻΪʵҲеΪš
ΪѪǧҶе飬ǵһμ
¼Ѫ㴿Ҳ֪ܾѵʲôΡ
ˣ
̷ת£Ȼ޷赲ѪҺ䵽ϣ¼ڵѪҺںһ
ǿҵĹâӿϱ
˳λ⣬˼ȫ۾
Ϸ⣬ͿϵĹâӳ
֪˶ã⻪ɢ
졢¸ˣɴ۾ϵķӡȥ
һ֮£˶סˣ




1966¡ƷѪ
 

㷨ӡǾʹӵܼƷѪ
λϵȫӡ
ζʲô
ζ鼤ļƷѪ
ܣһŵϴ
ĶԱߣֱӿɵˡ
켤ס˫ȭѹͷյ졣
¸Ҫְļҹ棬ϲĽгǼƷѪƷѪ
λ𺳳ӣڳ¼ӵﻹļ˴˵еļƷѪ
¼Ѫڸǧв㶥¼ҵļƷѪԲҡǿ֮һԯѪ
£˿Ŀⶼһˡ
鼤ƷƷѪӵܻἵʡۺ졢Ľ
鼤ǼƷѪôЩӵģֻʣ´ľη
ɵǲη
ΪעҪΪ¼ǧʷԻ͵ļ֮һ
Ψ޷ţܵģһķּӵܣƾʲôƷѪ
˵ţлع졣
ǲ⿪̳ˣѪΪܵõڵϿɣ
ܹƷѪѾѪ⡣żӦǸ˼ķּӵܣվ¼ҵѪҺ֮ţֻҪѪ¼ôһͱضܼƷѪ
ԭأ޷
쿴飬·ʲôƵģ飬¼ҵδԺȫˣ
ӽ쿪ʼ£¼ҵһμܶôţǲò츳ѹĶ䡣
ò˶ãԼʵҲᱻ鳬
ѡ˷
ȻȴҡҡͷԸԼ¼ˣϾҾ¼ѪҲ£Ҳڱ롣
ʲô
λס
¸޷Ŀڵ飬¼ңԵõ¼ҵߴУʵͻͽΪʲôأ
Ҳ¼ҵĹûôǿң¼Ҵʵʵĺô¸Ͳ鲻ġ
ʵʵ˵Ҳϲط͸ѴҸĸȥֱԲ˵
죬ȷʵеʧ
һ¾ˣ飬Щӵܵ㣬㶼˵ұضռҹϳǣĶ䣬ҲշֻҪԴޱΪãļƷѪ츳ȫ֣Ҫ֪츳ھ۷嶼⣡
ˣгһͻƾ硣黹Ǻԥľܾ
˫޷ţκԴҪá
ô˵졢¸Ŀⶼŵϡ
֪ĹؼҪأǳ
룬Գ˵ֻҪһ¼ҵĴоѧһԴҲһȡãӽԺ¼ҾͰ㵱Լˣ
ⷬ˵÷ǳ
ʵ̴úܾ
϶飬ʱ򲻾Լ
Ȼһ㶼ģֻ΢΢һЦľһȫ֧
Ĳ¸ˡ
Ǽᶨҡҡͷ
˿̣̲סڵǶλڱ룬һ֮ԴҪ뿪ĻҲô߳ȥģ
ԸȽϼˣòĶ
仰вˡ
ûô߳ȥҵԡǵЦ⽥ȥ
ֻλ¼ҳ֣һѹҲûС
ڳ׼ʱͻȻžһ쳹
ǰһơ
𣿾Ȼв¼ҵĳź͹ͳŭһȻЦݸǸ˵˻ϣλҪȥǲڱ룬ǻԺú
Ӧûʲôİɣ˵ȴһ㶼
Ѿϰ˳Ŀŵ̬¼ӵܣҲгģֻҪͬ壬ڼΣʱԸͦô㲻ڱҲṩԴ
˵Լ̬Ѿŵòٵˡ
ֻҪһŵ
İɣô죬һ̶ϵ¼ѪҸǽڵѪҺ˼ƷѪҲᱳڣ¼ѣұض֣صĳŵ
һһڴ




1967¡ȳ
 

飬ģ¼ӵܣһ䣬ֵ㲻ڱĻֻܴ¼ҵĸ߼Сķ̽͡צѧһԸ룬ٰߴн㡣
ԸṩԴͼҴѧһ֡
ҲϾ¼ܲܰǧ괫жһԸڼӵܡ
ڳֻһˣȻԸڱ룬Ͳʲôôˡ
Ȼ˵Ҷȥɡ¸ͷȥ
󣬿һȺ¼ˣȫȵʮļ
֪ԼĺӾѪʧܵĳ׷¶ʧ֮ɫ
֮ȣԼĺӾѵֻƷѪǵĳҲޱȵĸ˼
¸ǼƷѪȫһƬĿɿڴ
֮ǰԼǷּӵʵһմ˿̱һƬհס
գ¼ҳһλƷѪ½ӵܣ͸¼ҳϲ񣬾ֻõһŵ
ڳͼ¼ӵܵ飬¼Ѿȫƽˡ
¼Ҵϯף겻Ĵϲ£ͬʱҲǸС
ϣһңϣͬ¼ҳƵƵǾƣԭܱ΢Ʊ򸾸оӡ
ƹѲͻȻһȽϹĵ⣺ǵǰĵ¼ĺͷй𣿡
Ŀǰ˵Ŀ󣬵ǻûǷĸˡ¸ʵش
˵ͷٶʡ
쿴˳һۣѾٻɳֻеΪʲô⡣
ʵⳡ磬첢ûرˣΪ˵¼֮⣬һûн
Ǿǽȥˮ¶ڶǸ޷ߣڶûҳҲ֪Է뿪˱ûС
û뿪Ļ᲻ֽȥˮ¶ڶӣ
ĵǣȾơ
Ҳھϯ¡
ǣ׼¼Ҵоѧķ̽͡צУҪġ
Ҫʶ¼ĴУȥӡ
Ҫ뿪Ļᡣ
󣬳źƵƱص䡣
ǵĴѾͬˣ˷õķס
Ʊϴ󣬳˳䣬ͥԺ
飬Ϣ׼ȥˮ¶ڶһˡ
˻һ鲻һ졣
Ҫȥˮ¶ڶʲôΣհɣ
ʣɴҪһһʮ˵
֮˵Ҹһȥ
һж㣬ɡ
ĿǺܼҲֻôӦ
Ŀط󣬳ɽҶڰ˵Ƥ׾ٽˮ¶֮ڣȻٶڶ㡣
޴ľ£Ӧ̧ͷеСӣҵܾˣ
˵Ƴ֮û⣬Ұ⿪л˵ó齣
һ£׼ľϾл
˵ţҪ֡
ȵȣһھл϶÷̻֪صѵаڼʱڿҪ군
İɣƳһۣĿŻϵľл
Ȼתע齣УӼ򴦵ȥ
ϼ䣬ܿͰϸˡ
һʱĿɿڴһССľȻ˷
Ȼľע뷨ܿϾлʮֵš
˼ӷӦԼ׺һûпϣվ˵
ͻ¼ұƺٸ㿳ϡһ˵һ齣
һȻЦСӣģϽ߰ɣ
仰һμıڶڣ׵ȫӰٶȡ
󣬰۲صļһ
ͨ͸̺ͫܿӦþһ֡
ܾϣĳܴڡ
ҸĿģҲʣֻҪӰ¼ұ߲С
ǰŸճˮ¶죬¸ž͵Ҷ
ˮ¶ڶ㣬ܺ¸־ּĵ˭ӣ
жҾлģضƷʸõķֵǸ޷ˣɫߣ֪ͨȫ׷ӣ֪¼ҵأӳϿ
¸ͷȻ뿪ˮ¶졣
ʱѾߵ¥¥ݿڡ
泳һƬ¼ҸǶˣļ




1968¡ȫƽ
 

ӣʼɡ
˵˶ٴˣҪǰȻܲĳƺξ
еЦãһﶼ˲˹ˣȻõء
ӣʱɱҽȵö࣬¼ǧ괫УҿɿɲܵĻᣬҲʱڡЩ˵
㣡УǾƽһơ
ӶԳ޿κˣϾڵʵ۷ʱڵһɣֱлţҪ͸ʵʲôˮƽҲֻѹסӡ
ߵ¥ݿڵĵһ̨ǰӼ˵ȷе˵ﱻܹߵƣ̺йɣ˸޴ƽ⣬Ҳǧܸôֱˡ
ŶΪʲô֪ƽ⣿ѵҲǧҳģʵ
㵽ҪƽƣҪ㴵ţһȥһΣ׼ʼˣߣ£һһǾͻһʱ֪ÿһ˲䣬ƽһƣǰ
˵֣࣬صĵͷעȫջٸӦ¥Ķ
ʼߣӳһȣ̤ϵһ̨ס
֮䣬һ̨Ϸһ㱡ĺֻɫĻ
һľó
һʱͷӦľٶóľעֻɫĻ
ߴһϸ΢ֻɫĻȻɢ
ӿ΢΢죬û˵ʲô¥ݡ
ڶĻɫ
ݣȻƣӱһֿڣ
˵ţľлݺݵڶĻ
ȻڶĻӲȱȵһǿһңȻ
״̬ˣңԳһ䣬ó
ץסлһƵڶĻ
ͬʱѰӵ죬Ӧһͼͻƽơ
ȫ˸ϱ󣡡쾪ŭ֮£һ¥
¸¼һæϡ
ʱѾͻнƣ㡣
ǰʹĹĻһ̵ģȻһСӣ˵˳øղŵĵ߻⣬סһҪ죡
ͷܸӦ켴ִ¥㡣
ľˮ죡Ӱı˳ټ
˽𣬳һ⣬Ȼľն
ԭһʱ䣬ͽƳ
ܺãһˡ̤һ̨ףתԳ󣬡Ȱҵľл˵
ƳֻҪѭԭԼҲһӵıʹĻͺ͵ڶһģһ
ЦСӣˣһɲô򵥣¼ҾѧķıðʵʵԷֱ棬㿴⣬ɲһǻԽƣ̺ǳӵ㷨𣿡
Ĭһ룬Ȼ䣬նϵľл
ģˣٶȱ֣Ȼһ˿ԥ֮ɫ
״һʱ׼Ӷ֡
еԥ֮ɫֻһȻһЦСӣģȻҽȳҲʳԵģʼɣ
˵ţתȥǰϱõʹĻ
ˮԣľľˮ𡢻𡭡һʮԡ
Գ֣ʹĻʮ£˳һ¶û
ȻһһĻɢǰƿһ¥Ĵš
ûϸ˵Сӣ¼ҴԼɣˣǺڣ
߲ͣҲһֱۣȥ
˵ʱ¥֮⣺Сӣ´μ棬һҪýһǰ
¥ǣӳ¥󣬶һ¥ĴŴ򿪣Ȼ¼Ҵжȡˡ
׷ļ֮£ûϸ˵ĳС˭Ҳȥ飬¼Ҹ¥׷ӡ
ţ滹ֶһơ
ԱǽϵһСأžͱһʱøӸӵĹĻס
ƿȥߵƻͻƣӦ¼˸ӵĺ֡
ȴˡ
ƺ󣬳ʱ¥Ļ
ֻڷһźܸߵܣһżԼɫɫĹŶ
ûбЩż͹ŶĿܿͷŵмһСľ̨ϡ




1969¡ͻ
 

мСľ̨Լһ׸ߣ߹ȥͷһֻľ̨ΰŵ⻪Ĺ顣
Ȿķ棬дšĸ֡
򿪴һⱾȻһ书һߴһھԲ
֮ǰ뿪ƶѧԺ֮ǰԺһѧԺ߼Ǳֻء
֮ȣⱾǹ綥ʺϼͻ
ţֿұǱ顣
ֻһС׭дšɽŮƪһҳһСӳɽŮ׵֮󣬻֮񡭡
н¶ϲ֮ɫ
Ȼһƪ޷ĶţͻԲĵöص÷ǳ꾡
ȻȲаҽġаҽ䡷Գ˵һмֵο伮
һ㳹׵˽ȥɽŮƪĵãԼ޷ӡ֤
֪䣬ֻоԺеһڶɢΪ⣬ҫ¥
ӡɽŮƪԽ࣬ԽԽʢǳڱҹԵʮҫۡ
·еӦͷһ󶥶һ⣬סˡ
СӾʲôţӼӿܲ
ԳֺɵϢӡǳ̣ǽû֪ʵˣֻӳϿ˵
¼ҳҲ˱󶥶˵Ļ⣬ľ֮£ֳһ˼׷Լһ˸˻ȥ
ʱоԼѾԲȫԪȲݣһҪͷ
ȻķѾﵽԲһǽڡ
ڵ޷ߣԲƾշС
ڿոУΪ޷߶ͻƽڵǿ
ͻˣ¼ǧ괫ûʧԲĳ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ѹסȵĿ·Żءϡ
鶼ߣϾ¼ǧػĶߵĻ̫˼ˡ
˳ѸٷǿмĹѧ
˸ϻ¥󣬳Ѿ뿪߲Ĳ
¼ߴؼڣΪʲôǸ޷߲ǣľ̨鰲Ȼ˼⡣
¸Ҳɻ󣺡᲻Ǹ޷Ǵ˵޷ĳλܣ¼ҴУ￴һ۾ˣ
ϲķ޷ܣȷʵпܣҪ˵¼ҴУǵʲô첻ˡ
޷˵ǱȹһȵĴڡ
ؼڣҲͷ׷ѰǸ޷ߵ뷨
Ҳ׷ˣ׷ӵ˻ɣǽ͵ʲôҲû
ǣ¸˼
Ȼ¼ҵĽ϶λ޷Ѳ˸ϵ
Ϊ˲λ޷ߣҲֻܷ뿪룬뿪Ͽ
ص䣬黹û˯
ţվĵʵôˣ
ڱ߲㿴¼Ĵйһʺ¼ҲԸ㣬ҾͰˡһ˿Ц
΢΢һ𣿡
Ȼģȥ·ϣ
ʵⱾԳԼҲһô
ͻƵԲԺܿܺܳһʱڣ޷޷·ͻơ
ҪǿʵĻֻķߡ
¼ǧ괫ĹʺҲԴн
ʹпȥһˣĽڶһ书գȻǺһ׮
鷢ֳ˵΢仯ϲʵѵͻԲˣ
΢Ц˵ͷȻ΢΢𣬡ҵΪһΣʩչҵĶ˫Чạ̃ǡ
δ˵꣬ɫͺ͸ˡ
Ұڸڣ᲻ᡭ̫ã
Сˣ㲻ͻ𣿡˵ţᱧס
һ
ɳʩΪˡ
ڶһ磬һ¼˳һС
ȻĴ£أǸ
֮ǰĳŵһķġһ̽צġһƿ¼Ƶĵҩ




1970¡Ƴ
 

ȻѾ֪¼Ĺ䴫Сɫ糣͸Ĺ͵ҩ
˵һ׵ͱ¼˽һ͵ߣ֮ǰǸ鿪
ϴ󣬴򻮶ľСľԶ밶ߡ
Űϵ¼ˣֿһԴı룬ԼԺ󶼲طˡ
뵽Լ磬һԤУԵûô򵥽Ҳм¼˵Ŀԡ
СľˮϿʻ˲һСʱδߵˡ
һ´뿪ϿȻ׼ƶʡĻƱ
Ʊܿ충ԼƱֵƱʱȴ⡣
Ʊʧˣ
ƱappһʾѱƳɻ𳵡ִȹͨߡ
֣΢΢üͷ
ô£
չһҲʮɻ󣺡㲻ܶƱ𣿡
ţô޷ɹƱˡ˵ţ¹򣬻ʾƱʧܡ
ƱҲ˹
ҿ
Ʊ˵ֻø
ȷʵ֣һǷӡų˲ŻУôᱻùͨ߳أ
Ʊ󣬰ֻ
һƱappԡԼ²пappʲôˣǱһµappƱ
עʵƱʧܡ
óһͷˮ
ѵʿͷʲô⡣
á
ѣ򿪿ͷ촰ڣѯʹƱʧܵԭ
ܿ죬ͷظˣչٷͨ棬ѱƸѡԼʹùͨ߳УݣԼȥվѯһ¡
ٷͨ棿֮£Լٷͨš
һ˳Ȼ綩Ʊappͷ˵ıѺͳС
Ʊһš
⡢ⲻŻ𣿡˿δŮôҲӰ
Ʊ뵽ʲôæʵǲдǹ黹ˣµʲʽ⣬˸ˣ
⡣
ͨ棬ɫת䡣
ͨдƸѺͳеԭ˽˹ٷʲ
ٷʲȻûгʲô΢һ붼֪϶ǻĹٷսҪǿű飡
ô˵ͨ汳ߣܾܿԯս
Ҳֻܽ͵ͨ
ԯսһ˰ͳ˵˾䡣
ɴԯսǼһĹ
Ӧû
˵ĶԻƱһͷˮ
ô£㲻°ɣΪǵʵ
ɫ΢΢һЦ°̣㲻õģԼܽ
Ȼô˵ḻƱǲΪô׽
ٷ֣ͨϰ˭ס
ƱԤϣٷƳѺͳֻǵһܻܿȡִʩԳ
֪ţʶҲܶ࣬һҪСע⣬ӲƱ֣صѵ
ģзִ硣ͷ
ѾԲʵһΣԯս֮ʵͻƵʲôˮƽ˿塣
ôȥƶʡʳһҪ⡣
΢һ룬˵Ҵ绰ǻȥҲô˿ͻ
ʲôһԻ
ЦЦǾ֪ˣڻһ¡
ƱôƶҸطһ
ڴڼ䣬һ绰
Ȼĸ˱ڻĵĵȴ
ԼСʱ󣬳۴⣬һ˵ɻˣ߰ɡ
ѵ˽˷ɻ־ϲղžڲ²⣬ܴܿȨƵѣѿ˽˷ɻǡ
ƱǱȽأ㱻Ƹѣڹڴ˽˷ɻ᲻е㲻ף
Ǻǣҿ˭ҰɻŰ˵
Ʊţһ߸ųߣһ߿ϡ
ֻУȻɹһװֱ
鿴װֱʱˣ˲أ
⡭ȻװֱƱסˡ
û˵ش֣˸˵֮ǰƶֲ̹ܽŶ
̹ܽ٣ҲûôһֱɣƱǴһ˿Ц
˵ΪӡΪô๦ͣô羴һֱҲûʲô
Ůô˵Ʊų۾ڷ⡣
Ůһϵ




1971¡׻ÿ
 

ӳģĺֵӳ֣
ѳһ˽Ϸɻ֣ߵĵԯսǼһ̫ҪˣȻˣУҪô죿
Ȼƶʡ˵ȻûôԲߡ
Ͼǹٷµͨ棬ƿûôȡ
ڳƶʡʱ򣬻ľǣֽһճǰصذ׻á
ֽӵὫĵ绰׻ÿᡣ
ֽԣὫûиݡ
ֽӲˣΪ׻ԯսģԯսһֱڱܷͷ˭Ҳ֪㵽ȥѵ쿪Ǻԯսйأ
·ϣֽʿͻȻ˵ֽ֪𣿳ٷѺͳˡ
Ŷϸ˵˵ֽʵǳĺͳйصһ顣
ʿ˵ֽüͷ
ٷͨ棬µıԲ򵥡
ԭڣǱԭԴҲʲô¡
ƫƫʱˣ
뵽Ὣ֪ͨȥ׻ÿᣬֽԯҺܿҪԳ֡
ͷȥ׻ãزءֽϣʿ
ʿɻ󣺡ֽ׻þͿ쵽ˣ
ô࣬ͷǡֽ
ʿæǣͷ󣬷ֳǰվꡣ
꣬ͣЦ
ÿ֪Լڵ˭·𣿡ʿ˲⣬ŭ
ǹȴһ仰û˵վڳ֮ǰ
ȥֽ
ʿһȣճǰȥ
һ̣¶֮ɫ
ǵûбã˫ְڳͷϡ
ճβһ̣㷭
ʿĲסɲŽͣ
ֽû°ɣ
û£³
ʶǰֲֽ֪Լ߲ˡ
ֽ˷ǳΣգ»ʿҿš
ֽǳ˵Ҳ³ҲҲ㿪Űɡ
ʿֽ˵ûֻô򿪳ţֽһ³
ߵǰֽüʵ˭Ϊڰ׻ǰף
˭
һЦȻתͷԱߵꡣ
飬ֽ
ԱС꣬Ȼҽԯ飬øԯ֪˭ˣ
ԭԯҵˡֽˡ
ֲôţĿ޷͡
Ǻԯսʲôϵ
Ҳֵܡԯ˵ţǵĻֹֽˣôֵͷߣȥ׻ɣ
Ҫ¡ֽĻӦǳ̡
ԯӵܲûз뿪˼
ԯĵʲô£Ȱ׻ÿỹҪ
һֽ
Աߵʿû˵꣬ͱԯһƴɳȥ
ֽۺ󷽱˵ʿɫ򶨵˵Ǿͽȥᡣ
˵껰ֱֽ׻ȥ
;ϢûĲֱʿȻȥơ
ԯԯֽϢĶҲ˵ʲô˸ֽһͬ׻á
̤ŵİ׻УֽһۿȥὫλϽ⣬̫ʦηֱˡ
˵ݣֽʮ졣
һ׵һϢûжˡ
֯ܲߡ
׵һӷסĿдһ˿ˡ
άܾ߸¦Ρ
м䣬ʷǱѰ˵Ƿ츲صİ꣬ԯսˡ
ԯսø磬Ѵ㿴ôãԯ˵ʱʼչһ˿Ц
ԭ۵׹һ˿֮ɫԯսʱȴЦݣȻԯһۣ飬ô˵ģֽ¡
ԯ鲻ԯս˼ӽһӰֽǰ
ֽ֪߳׻ã˷ʮִݵ
ˣȻ˵룬ôͿʼɡԯսûʲôر֮ƺô￪ġ
ȻֽɲôΪ
׻ÿᣬҪ֯ܲߡԼάܾܸ¦
λɶǳĳҡ
ԯӳƳѺͳпԺҿСӻô
黹ûʽʼ¦αЦ
վԱߵԯ˵¦ܾ֣øֹУ㻹֪ɣ׽˵ĲƲȫˣǸʲôϼŵܲᰡ
ģ¦־ϲԯӳֶΣ¦ĳý
ֽðģ¦ܾԼԸ˳ڼԯսˣֶΣǿ϶Ƿǳˡ




1972¡һ
 

ʩСưˡԯս˷Ƥ¦εĴΪ⡣
¦ʳһܹĵ⣺ԯӳ׼ô
֮ǰ¦κ;߶֪ԯս˻ع飬û뵽ûãԯսȻĳǰ
ԯսƺѹȸзǳǿ
¦ηǳڴԯսʵǵʲôˮƽ
ҵһƻǰһѡȥƶʡճʲԯս˵ƽһ˳ᢵ̬
ߺʵ֪ѡԯӳ㶨𣿡
ţˣǳǵͷжơ
ԯս˵ֺ¦κ;ͬʱ֮ɫ
ƣǲǻθеĵ̽糬뢣¦ΪάܾܸˣȻ֪ͷжơ
λеݵλȨƣȽĴ廹ҪǿһΡ
ԯսͷ
ƣ𣿳ɲôöԸġ߲θ
ϾǮƣҲܴӸϰ⵹
ܣı㣬Ҳֻ³ǣȥܳʲһʧԯսȻԶƺġ
¦һ⣺ʲɲٰҪȫˣǺǶɲù
ЩеĹ¦Ϊͷۡ
ǹ¼ҹˣǲѹܿأǶǣһȫ
ԯսмһЦ㶡ٴ󣬳ȫ׸ҲùԹԵԯҵĹֻŭһӰˡ
ŭ
ߺ¦ԯսô˵˲ɡ
ŭʲô̹
νǣʧء
ر¦ΣһսԼڱ೬ߺֱ۲ѡ
һֱĬȻֽͻȻӦԯսĿŵϡ
һ飬Ҫ鷳ֽȥ
Ҫˣֽ˽ȥǱԭ飬ǿԼ̡
ʲô£ֽˮʵ
ԯս˵ָǳ赭дܼ򵥣ҸոյϢֲӵ˽ȥƶʡϣжϳͲӵϵ¶ֽ˵Ӧúװ쵽ɣ
ˡΪֽԥľܾˡ
仰ԯսɫûɵĳȥ
Ավŵԯԯ飬ɫҲ֮һ
ţԯսվߵֽǰֽļ򣺡ֽΨһĻᣬҪúϧ
ĳ֮УԯӳΪҽ󡣡
ֽ˵ʮ㣬ûаĳɷ֡
ԯսֽô˵ЦֻЦ
ǺǣŴΰطǴһ׮ո©ٷܸóǰǱԭ߱ӦǻĹٷսӵԴһȣֽϹҵЩ£ܱסλ𣿡
һӢۣÿЭǴӹҴ˭Ҷ
ֽأ˵仰ҲվԯսĿӣк⡣
Ȼϴǵ˵ĳЩСˣĵ˵ͷҪӺӢۣСӦ
ţԯսƣȻһ䣬ɱ˲䱬Ű׻á
ԯԯðŭͬͷ񻢰סֽ
ֽһη壬ԯսɱɫ䶼һ¡
¦κ;ǸԶ豭׼Ϸ
ø磬ɱԯսȭͷֱʱҪȥɱֽ
Ȼԯսȴ˰֣ʾֵȲҪ֡
Ȼɱɢ¶һ˿΢ЦֽҪ֪ʷʤдģ㻹ͣʲôҴ塢Ӣҫֲϣô꣬׻˰
͵ſɣҰѳϾһսйطңǻĵӢۣ
ֽû˵ֱֻͦת߳ȥ
ѾڴţʱԼһ㡢ҲһϵΪˡ
ս𣿡ԯ΢ʵ
ԯսҡҡͷڷߣһŹҴܳһѳֽһذ׻ж
õ˵ԯҲ˵ʲô
ԯӳѳ᲻һЩܲԤϵΪӱƼˣҲǻҧ˵ġ¦˵Լĵǡ
ڱˣֻϣԯս׵ķʽ
ԯսǹЦûֱԼսѳСĲƲɶƹȥգΪ˱ƳǿĳҾսҲȫ棬ԯսǻĵһ֣
¦ͷһȻӡ
;߶һۣ˶Էۻ˼
ԯսָλԸæתͷõԯ˵Ƶûʲô֣ȥƶʡŵ㣬סӲӲ
ãԯ¶˷֮ɫ
ǵһγ棬չһȭš




1973¡ͥ۲
 

Ķ죬ůϷ
ÿҹĻ٣Ķæµһǣкܶ˶ϲ̲ɢ̣Сԣһ֮ѵõʱ⡣
ͨ
ֽĿĺ֣һˡ
ÿһ֪ÿҹﶼ̲Һ֣һϣǾն
õˣԶʱֵĶװϣһڳԷ
ȥͺͨ˼ҡТһڵĳ
ǰɽ亣ζƵĲΧʮʱ׼ϲ˺ͷһӵŮɣֻǼװһվ¶桢ֳĹҼһһ˸߹Ƿݡ
һټֵʮ磬ͨ˶һӶԳǶ˵ֻһͨļͥͶѡ
֣ҪӦԯӳȥǰճʲ𣿡ߣһװŽ˿۾˹ĳȵ˿ڵ
ǶҴӶТ˹˹ģȴƿŸ´󼸰ڵ⣬Ҵþһλҵš
ڶТ棬ȥһͨȴһɲŭƵˣȻڳǷΪơΪĳжơ
ô˵ûлӦǲһոմӶ͹ţͽ
ƳԷʱϲ˵ΪΪɢʳе޷ȫա
ʱֱһȶТһꡢȥʢʱ޿̶ŵ꣬Ц˵磬ʲô¶Ҫȣ˵ֻؽɽûеģǴӦԯӳճʲʲôǶ߳ǡƶľѻᣬԯӳ۰֣۰콵˰
һ߳ţţһ͵Ŀһۡ
ĶӶ
ϲðգسɣԶưеһЩɫҵȥչ
ҲûʧЩɫҵչ˶ҵҵ۹֧
ţڶߡƵӶҲˣ϶ǵĳӴ󣬲öԸЩԽգҵڣǸ⡣
ƵӶһ˿ϢִƳɵġ
缸˳ǵȫǿ˺֣չڣѾˡ
Ȼϻţƻʱʱöųȥ档
ô˵šһĸο˵Тش󷽣Ƹһƶ϶һʧ
ҲҪȥǶƿ˵ĵһ仰
СĶӣ컨ƵأֺУ֪˶ٻ¡
ļͥ۲ͣһûμӣֲ֪ȥˡ
ô˵ƺ᲻õ˵СȥƶԸ᲻̫Σˣ
Сˣ궼ʮˣҪģ˼ҳͣƶʡ̸ЦںȾŮˣ𣿡
֪Сӣ˾ģһҪѶȥƶʡʶһ²ͬ䡢ɾȴһصĳ
ʵ϶ƷǳͳˣŽճʲ󣬿ûлὫΪá
ż˵ôأȻģҲάСӡ
극һҹ
ƵźӶһ¡
ӶТ۾ҹ֣᲻̫ˣ
Ҫ죬ܴһֲТҺúųǣǵʤ
˵ţʣһţŹӽֽ

ͬҹһһصƶʡ
󣬳ûȥļңΪһ·ɻͽӵᰵĵ绰ȥϼŰ칫¥
ʱϼܲð칫ڲϵĽӵ绰ϵĽͺǸ
Сʱһܴͨͨĵ绰ýͷö
۶Դҵ¼һϲֻͨͼԼǰְҵɱʱϵܲܰæ
һϸ΢칫ű򿪣߽
̧ͷһվ˵ڻˣ
ᰣȷϼȫʲʽ𣬶𣿡ֱʵ
֣صĵ˵ͷڼŵʽȫѣܶĿвȥǽҵĵ绰ˣмжϺ
ƶʡҵŮ֮ᰣʽȫҲ޲ߡ
ܲã˿̿Ծ




1974¡ҳ
 

һľƣӣȸЩ˵ϼŻᾡָʽ𶳽£ͽ
á˵ţϵ֮ɫǺһ£Ǻĸ˾ҪؿԱʣҲԼȫԱŵսʮµĹʣǻؼҹ꣬ʽѵŶ֪ˣĻ̻̣ķʡ
ߣһжԯսĶ񣬿ҪϾһˡ
ᰲΪãǱٷµͨ棬ȥԯսһҵõȡ𣿲˵ˣȥǰһˡ
˵˶ݵĳĬ
ȷʵԣȥԯս治һҵõ
ԳıһֶΣȸֽȥһ绰
ֽ֪ԯսͨٷֶѳСʲ𣿡
Ѿ֪ˣԯսȥ׻ÿᣬŽҪôԸ㡣ֱֽԲĽ쿪飬ȫ˵
ĿóǶƹҵʲߣԯսõǼ򵥡
ҪСģҿԯսʵܱܿǰǿֵܶ࣬Ҳˣһԯһԯ飬Ǹ֡
ֽȥǰ׻õĻҵԯս𣿡ĵ⡣
ԯսʵʲôزȥԯսΪǽֱӵķ
ֽûи϶Ļش𣺡ԯսƽʱӦòڰ׻ãأҲ֪ס׼սϾǵĻԯսҵġ
ĻҾֻԯսԼսˣ
ɲԴС
Ҫԯսһ£ϼſ϶Ųס
ģ׼˰ƣԯսҹٷҵλҲܰ⣬ڣĵȴ
ֽô˵ҲֻʱȺĺϢ
һҪǷֽһˡ
ͨ绰˵ͨݣȱ̫ġ
ȥķӣһߵȴֽϢһ߰
ͬʱһΪԼĹ֮·»
⣬ѾԳʦˮƽͨ徭ǣͻƴ徳˵ѹ
һҹ֮䣬̤˶ھأоȵĲƽ⡣
һֱǰǵѧţһȣʵ̫ˡ
ԼھأֻҪһҹʱ䣬ֱҪ̫
ҳпܱͻ
¼ҼƷѪֺͳҹ˫ޣŲڶԼʧȥġ
ڳߵϢʱƴӶ桢ƶʡᡣ
Ӷȥ컪µĸƵꡢư̽㡣
ӶԼԱȥʡطжٴУЩжٸ֡Сܣٻ
ĶӶԭҸһƶʲôζ˼󣬾ʵʵʮԱȥϼܲˡ
סԯӳĽԽܼŭԽãΪŭ˵£СӱӶҪС
ԯսǶңƲ̫Ķڻʲô顣
ʮ׳꣬һ·裬ܲð칫ҡ
᰺ƷŮ˲䣬СӵӶɳˡ
ʲôˣɫʵ
ʲôˣٺһЦ˵ҰֶƵĴҾĶӶ˵ϼܲùɫ㣬һȻ鴫ܣ㳤ôƯڰ칫̫ϧˣңұ֤㡱

δ˵꣬ᰱ
ҲЦĵܣøҰȥ̸Ҫ̸ˣǼʽѵ׾ܽһ·ǿǲԱüܣѵͲΪԱһ𣿡
ô˵ᰳĬ
ȷʵΪʽѵ跹˼
߰ɣܡһơ
ȻôȥҶƵĻҪˡ
״иа֮ɫ㲻ȥҰ̸ҲԣֻҪһҹһܰʽѵ⡣
޳֮ȣ᰺
ӣ˷ˡ
ʱͻȻŵһζӱǼƮ
תͷһֻһǧġֵĴŮŤˮ




1975¡
 

үҲ㰡ѵ˼𣿡һģĹӵ˼¡
һ¾Ͷסˣ˫һ˷˵ҡôҪǽһңұ֤ϣϼžָܻ
үھ͡
һЦӯӯ˵ȻһŤ֫
ǹʢҪֱסۣһ
Ȼһ̣ͻȻһɱĲҽУȻ˫סɲɫ˲ɷס
ۺĸһš
һʮ׵ĸ߸Ьߵġ
һǶӾţʹˤڵأס
ʮԱСү߳һӵϣʩչȭš
˫߳ţͰʮ׳ߵ䡣
ʰЩֵ֮
ʮ׳æĵܳܲð칫ҡ
ᰴ˸绰˵˸ղ칫﷢顣
û뵽ôƶʡᣬһСӶȥᰣý컪ȥҳ齵ľƵꡣ
Сʱ󣬴ҽԺĶϳӣŭ𣺡ɧǣ߶ϱүӣүץҹ
СүǻǱȥǸɧˣүոյǸɧȫְҵɱ֣Ե㡣ǰ濪»ͷѵ
һǵùԹȥϰ֣ǽȥı֥ÿ
նƵļƻȥҳĲҵ籦֥ãũtv
ʱ֣ƳθոæԼƷ˾飬֥ÿһʲô֢Ҫ
ս֥ãƳξмСԼٶȳɲͣڱ֥ſڡ
ʮԱڵ
ʮŸֹܡ׳Ƴκ͵Ｘҽʵϰɫȫˡ
ʲôˣȥƳ߳
û뵽һССҩãȻҲɫŮ
Ůû£үÿ᱾үٺúøʶһ¡Ц
ƳüǳŮƳΣ֥ǳĲҵǸףͲµ𣿡
ŶԭǳŮѰáı֥øƻһŭ
ǳŮǾͲһˡ
ң
һӣʮ׳ŸֹܡŲ̨һҡ
ҽʵϰŵ˵Ĳȥ
Ƴ绰ֻȴϡ
ŮһȥɣǳǵһƵĶӶңȳǿˣһЦһ߿ƳΡ
Ƴβȥֱ޿ˣͻȻݺݵ˶һơ
Ǽ䣬ɫ
ֻܴң
ץ
ŭ֮£¹ץƳϳ
ʱһ¼Ҵܽ棺Сүӿ˺ö೵ӣǽ컪ˣ
ܶࣿһɫ粻
ǳ࣬ǿ߰ɣ˾Ҫˣ
òɫƳΣԥһ£ֻҧҧת뿪
Ƴһϵֻ绰
ϵ֥ʱ컪ڰæɨõ
ƳΣû°ɣѹŭʵ
Ƴҡҡͷû£ôôԯսҪչһˡ
ԯս뼤ŭңȷʵĺܳɹŭ滺ڡ
˺Ͱˣǳۡ
ԯսöۣǼŭгЧķ
ҿǸǵõֵ⣬ʡﵽƻĲҵʵ̫ʤˡƳθղŲ㱻ץߣڷ
ȻŭԵʤڣ컪ֵôˣӦƻ۶Ļǲȥҵģֻ㣬ƳΣ⼸ͱˣҪô͸һý컪ѶҳʱȰֻǵĴϻ
ãҸұһ顣
ƳεͷӦȻĳһ뿪֥á
ڽ컪֣Ѿ֥úũtvȵط
ӵ綡ĵ绰֪컪ѾϵũTVֻܷܲȥũTVƻ뷨
СүǻؾƵ׸ɣСʵ
ûƳץϳֲȥũTVǳˬףŭһȥëȥľưɣүҪƶɫˣ




1976¡Ҵг
 

СүеĴưɶǽ컪ܵģȥư棬᲻ΣհûеһʱĻͷȥưɡ
ʱӲˬˣʲôҰǳŷɥӾǶҿɽǻսԯսҪһƶʡĵͷҪ֪ҸҰҪԸĲǽ컪Сɫǳ
ǡǣȥưɡ²Ȱ˵һ䡣
ΪСү˵ȷʵܶԣԯսĻĵһְһйٷ϶ҵۺ˵ʲô컪ˣƶʡҽҲ׾ٵʰ
Ǹ˵أ㣬Ϊʲôᱻٷͨأ
䴫÷зƶҽҪˣ
ʲᣬⲻʲô
ܿ죬ʮľưɡ
ȻûҹưѾǳ֡
ͷܶһŮŤԽҡԽˡ
ܷɧŤ貽ߵ̨ǰžưһԸлŮ
вһߴУŮɫ㣡
ЩŮ¶ǳı顣
Աߵ³ûĵСүĸǰй
𼱣ҵطһ˵һ߼Ů
᣺СүǿᣬЩ椽
ˣҾ
ƽʱϲʵ棬£̨ϣȻ˼ƿ·ʮʮµһȡ
պȵһڣͻȻǰһһͦ崿Ůӣ;ưŮȫͬ
ݡŮڣȴһۡ
¼״ǰסŮȥ·
СүȾƣ
⼸׳ɷģСŮˣֻܲ鲻Ը߹
ŮʲôְҡžƱ̬ʵ
ҡҽ硣ŮĻش𣬴һ˿ӡ
ܼǳֱӵ˵磬үյˣ£㱾үȾơ
ҡҲҪ˺һͬʱһ£Լͬ顣
һɫ˵Ů㿴үʲôƣҿү
ˣھưǷ뿪ֺһ
ǽ컪ĵ̣ٺʮӦò
ѣȴһЦ⡣
ڳǻǣûҶǮҲȵŮˣ
˵ţһʹ˸ɫ
ߵرڷDJǰһͲȫ˿˵ˣѣȫǶү򵥣
ү˭ȫ۷׷ס
ִưȫ򵥣ûȥʮ
ִûжүˡ
ȫݵˬУȻ磬ЦЦĵ㱾үȾˣ
ˣԶ߹꣬۾һ·𿴵ǡ
Դ˲⣬ȫ򵥣һΪչֲΪѹ
˭۸ǶŮѰ궼Ǹ٣һ߹ʮŵʵ
Сܵдһ׼ϣǰԹ˵ƶôŹŮѶҪˣ
磬˼ˡ˵仰һϣӵ꣬ʮߵǰ
ûѾĵܵƶ
֮ǰƶ鱣֤Լٸ˻졣
ϧûãܳưƤˡ
жǰɣƶ´һۣȻиֲм֮ɫ
ˬοǰֻһС
ŮѽңԹˡ
仰һƶ˲ըˡ
ôΪԼ˭ʮ˲ǲǣ֪֪ưǽ컪ģ
컪СүСӣǰǳǵһĶӶСүĹۿ
һֺݵ˻ȥ
ƶһһ¡
Ƕƣû˵Ƚ컪ˣĴ嶼Ȳ϶Ƶ
ɧŮѵģȻǶƵСӣ
̫үʽɲõ
ԭǶСү˵ҽƶигض˵ҳ´֣ⳡʹ˽ҹôƶΪѣԽ̧˳
֣ɫһ¾ͺˣϼųСܣ
ҽǳŮѣҸϵõúܡƶûɫб䣬ʮֵҴ




1977¡
 

ܺãȻǳСܣϵùɣһγ︸װ£ȴԱһӻûƶײǹˡ
ʮ׳ΧסƶһȭŽӣƶҲ⡣
ӴӴүǲˣҳǡ
үľǳСܣֱӴƶĻ
̶̼ʱ䣬ƶðǣòſһóֻͨĵ绰룺㣬ưɱ˴ˣͳң
СүСӴ绰гҪҪһѹ
ΪʲôҪ˸ãҿҲҶүһë
ʮ㣬˺֡
綡棬ѾڸϹ·ϡ
϶ȳȵ
ƶʱһ궯ӿϰٸװ󺺡
Ϊ֮ˣǻеͷн컪
үû°ɣ컪ƶ֮Ⱥ׷ױá
˵Ůѵĵܱܵˣ컪һʱ˹
ƶָŶҧгݵĵ磬쵰
컪ȥֻʮŵŶȣһмһ˵ӡ
ΪУڳΪΪɣ
ҰǶƣǶҵĿɽԯӳߵﲻΪΪĻš
컪ߵҽĳ㣡
һ䣬Ҫ¶֡
ʱͻȻһȣ˭Ҷҵܣ
ȴ˶䣬ӿˣٸǧѾˡ
컪üͷһ壬һϢһߵǰ
컪ҶҵܣʹҶ𣿡߽꣬ǶƵӡƹܳš硱Ķ档
Ÿ֣컪ţʾ⼸ĸȥ֪ͨµֹ
濴˽컪ҪʲôЦúˣǵ֣һ֪Ƕҵ¶ڸϣģ
棬Чʵͦ߰컪˵ʵȴľ
Ϊ֪ӵִﻨУû뵽춡Ͱж˸һ
磬ȻǵڳǸƴ¡
˵ʲôϻ컪Ӧ֪ԼʲôƣҸͶϣһ԰㰲ŵֵ¡УȻưɶס컪аٷְٰܳ컪
Ѿˣֵµ컪ԳΪġ
ֻҪ컪ûʲôѶȡ
Ǻǡ컪Ц
Ҫ򶡼ҸͶԺ󻹻кӹ
ǴˣǰһʮĶס컪۾
컪治ɫͶ£ȫְں߷Žװڶʱ׼ͼһ
磬컪ϻˣɱ϶ܼŭ˷ܵĽе
Ҳģ컪յԼֵ¡
׼ʱͻȻӽӰԾͷͽ컪ǰ
ˣ컪һڴ
ƶæܹȥ㣬
ˣǳ顣
ܱܵͷɨ˶Ͷһۡ
ֱӿղ˵Ҫɱ˽컪ŭң
㡢ǳһ´վ
ŨŨļɵ֮ɫ
ˡ
û뵽Ȼô͸ϵưɡ
϶ԼĵܵǳĻ¡
ãҰ㣬ȥʲ
Ŷ𣿡Ŀ˶һۡ
ȫûѶĻһ¡
ҪʰģǶƵСӶ
ȥϼܲͱ֥£ߵǰʵ
㱻ֲ򣬵˵׳ӽΣүľˣҵľĵ꣡ԯӳǶҵĿɽҶһ𣿡
˵꣬˫ž뿪˵档
־Ŷ죬ᵽС
㶯ҵܣԼʲôصĵ
˵仰ȴܵܵһҽС

һ˶һ첲
ƶкãȴԴһǣֻŲװʵ
û뵽ĸҶ֣в㶯ҵһ£㸶Ĵ۾Ͳһ

һҽУһ첲ҲϣʹЩȥ
Ҫɱȫңȫʬ嶼ֽι㡭
һγϵǶȹǡ
ҡң




1978¡ԯսĵ绰
 

ס֣
৵һͳǹ׼Դ
ȴǹвӶ
ʱ˫ۺһȹͷĶѾʹȥ
澪ŭ쳣ĽеԭҸ㵽µĴ㣬ҵܴԾ·ԻḶʹٱĴۣ
Ŷʲô̧ۣƤ䵭Ƴ˶һۣȻֽȥ
ļæСүסһˤ֮£ʹѹ磬Ҫˡ
סҴ绰֣һǹָųԴһͳֻƵĵ绰롣
֪Сӱ˵Ķƣŭ졣
ԭΪܰҵôưǣ϶Ǹǳʶʱˡ
û뵽ڻûԼĴ
ºֶνճʲĶƣһ̸ı뷨
Сѧûҵ͵ǴľѪֶɱһѪ·
ֱЩ꣬ŽϴԼ
ƹһַ񡢲̡嶯ͼ˵ĻͽҲ֮һЩûŭˣ
ųȰּӡ˵仰ƹҶ˵㻰
ΪҪˣͨĳҲΪҪ
Ͼվţȶƹٰһ
˼Ӻ󣬳ûеƣȴһİ绰롣
΢һ£ͨ˵绰
óҵ𣿡
绰˵ˣϷдһ˿⡣
ԯսһ¾ˡ
ǳǷԯս˭
û뵽ûйԯս
Ǻǣаۣôе߳ŭأɲ㰡ԯսڽ˵
Ӧ㵽˵ʲô
˵˶ƵĶӶҲ˵һĹӡ
ԯսƵģ˵һ΢С¡
Ӧ˵ҲҪˣȻȫں
ˣҳĺһս𣿡ļȥҺڴٴοǱԭҹġһӡ
㣡ԭ˳ᢵԯս仰˲伤ŭ
Ǳԭ֮սԸѿ䡣
ܴ裡
ֻнĪļһܡɱԯսܳȥͷ֮ޡ
֪ڵңǿʲôزڱԭõĶԶԶã
ԯսһ뵽Լתűı㼱
ȻôţǾһսˣô໨ʲôˣͷĵ
ǺǡԯսٴЦöƹȥʲΪ˰Ż޷˵ĺҾսڵ㣬ҵĶ֣
ԯսһǴԸңĺһ㵽ûӡΪҡҡͷ
ڳǱôֻ죬ֵٶ࣬վͨˡ
ԯսһЩͨԸӳʲô
Ȼԯս˵ŭЦҪ֪һͨ˶ܽʲŻе
Ҵ绰Ϊ˸㣬ʵʵԼʲӸƣԻһӡ
ԯս˵һӡ֣üһ壬иֳ⡣
˵أ
û˵ĻᣬΪ֪ںļˡŮˣֵѡԯս仰һ˿˿ա
ԣеʲô˼
ʲô˼Ѿ˵úˡ
ԯսܳԽԽŭĸоƤЦⲻЦĵþƾֵЩʲô컪ܹ֮ȫȷĸĸڰȻ
ԯս˵һ㣡ŭⱬư顢컪ȫü
ֵȫЩèʱܵά֡֯ĸ֣ϹٷϵͳǣҪһʰˣѶж󣿡
ǰ¦ΡǲΪǵ̫С±㱨Ϊǿɳǰƶʡ֪˶ٸֹȥһ˱ù𣿡
ԯսԽ˵Խǵ⣬˵ǲĸ߸ǳڴķӦ
ˡ˺ֵܵвûŭŭӲѹĽ侲
ŭûõġ
ûŭԯսĸ⣬ΪǺܿάֺ֯ĸֲ֣˾䣺Ŷˣ㲻Ҫʶǧҵжֲ𣿺ܿͻ֪ԯӵܣ֮




1979¡ʱ
 

ˣҸʱ䣬Ҫûнϣʱʲô˵Ҳ֪
˵һ仰ԯս¹Ҷϼһõı顣
ɳϣøԯ
սʱ䣬ǲ̫ˣ
ø磬һͷϻԵʱ򣬲ֱɱҪŪֻһʱ䣬ܻܿǾ̫û˼ˣҪ־ĸо
ԯԯս˵û˵ʲôԯǰԯսϴˢġ
ԯӵܣ͸øصĴۡ

Ҷϵ绰ĳվԭĬȻ
컪СʵҪҪȰѶͶץ
ߡ仰ý컪ֱס
ƶʵ磬书ôΪʲôҪŶͶ߰㿴ҶǴˣ
޲ĿƶһۣûлӦ⡣
˱飬ԭĶ̲סЦ
ԯս绰ĳѾٱ
Ҳٶˡ
˵ûԼĴԯӳԴ绰ڷӦˣ
Զĳһ仰ûӦ
žʹҧߺ磬Ҫѳ˶ֽι㣡
𼱣ȴȥˡ˵ʮ㣬˶һۺְĿŻسϣȥҸ׽ʲҪһ㵽ҿɲܱ֤ѻʲô£ߣ
һӣŶһﳤȥ
һֱ˵߹еʵôˣǲԯսǼһв㣿
ǻȥ˵ɫ糣ưȥ
ֻһԵĽ컪ƶ
һֱ컪Ϊ޵Сηġ
컹һοȻŹвԼѵĵˡ
ʵ̫ˣ
ţ컪һ͵³ȥ
ѵ治٣ʵԯսѹ
޷ͣԯսĵ绰ͷŹ˶Ͷ
һһʧǵ߳ȥ
ܽΣĳ׷컪¾ģȻ뿪ưɡ

еһҽԺ
ֽϲźСӶŭ˸
֣ѾԯӳסˣֱӶ֣Ҳһ֣ұ𣡡ڲϲϽ
ģֻ㱨ģ϶ϵٹͷʹųʧȥٸˡƵ
ȻСĶӵһǴķǷҲǱġ
ѶҲ˶ƽշԼֵµ˼
֣ǻʲôͶְɣһ޲˺ӡ
ҡҡͷԯӳģֻҪԯӳķԸһĥ̼ڵһǽճʲ
˵ţƿվֱߵĶӶ绰磬˵Ҫʽճᰵʲ׼һ£̲˾ʲ黹УǱֶ߳գ°ѱ
õģ֡ͷӦóֻҵТĵ绰룬˹ȥ
ŶֿӶ棺ȥ֪ͨƶʡýߣǣǶҽٿŷᣬЩ߶μӡ
ǣͷʼܸɵϵмߡ

ȥ԰·ϣһˡˡֵܡѣкܶ೼
Ϊʲôûеɱ˶ͶҲûȥҶƵԭ
ç򣬲ôܵв´ɱ䡣
ĻսԼںˣɱƶԯս˵ʹ
ΪһңԯսоǼùѡ
Ҫ飬ΰԼȫѱ
ص԰󣬸սݾͽӵᰵĵ绰
ȥʲҪȥ𣿡
ȥҲ͸϶Ĵ𰸡
ȻѵҪȫʲƣԯս
ᰣ𣿡ûлشᰵ⣬ʵ
һҵȻ㣬ǡ
ȻңǾ˵ɡ
˵ֻѡ
ͨ绰۳͵ƳΣһ
Ȼ⣬ֻǲûյ³
ֽǳΪȫŵ֮һ
ֽһʱ䣬ֽ˺ԯսıͰԼķϧһдۣԯսݣ




1980¡ŷ
 

ڶһ磬һߺ䶯ԡըԵĴϢƶʡᣡ
ϼȫʲͨĹ˾Ƕϼš
Ϣʡո˯ѵ񶼸ˡ
֮ǰǾ˵ϼϯҽʦѳСʲ
ǱΪǳΪ⵽ٷͷ
û뵽籬ĴţȻϼŶǣȥ
Ͼŵʱ䣬ϼŽͶϼٿŷᣬʽӲƲ¡
Ѿ˲úŷֳںĶ綡Ӵýߺʡ̽
磬ŵ֮ǰܸϵֳ𣿡һдһ˵
ϵİٴӦÿԣŷỹҪֺ֣Ǽ˵̳ϵƯ
ϲĻҾöҲֶ̨ѳǺĲҵˣǼӹ̽磬ֿ߰϶ύ𡣡滰л˵
Ǵˣһ¾˵Ļʲô˼ҿһۣѹǿһ鳬⣬粻ȫøҵģϼźͳʲ϶Ҫ֮ܶһ
飬߾֮ҪǴֺ̨ãֿ϶֧㡣һ˿ɿԣ磬Ҳ֪Ϊ˽Ȧﶼʲô֪ʶӡʿԴǰںֵܿ˳ۣҪǰǿôͷϵóһֵܣһ˸
ֺһд磬ÿóһ磬Ƕ涨ܣһ㲻õġȻðգֵ˵ǲôֱס
һʱе̲סˣ磬Ҿ˵ɣԺ϶Ҫƶʡ磬ʱܿܲԸǮֵܣԺҾҪŶˣ³ᰵȫʲֻҪֳһҵ磬ұ֤һĹ
ô˵ЩĶ
ΪӳԶǵĻȶһϣֵܿ϶Ҫλġ
ǸȫΪĵв
ľ֣ȻΪҵŵĴ綡Т
ܶȻҲҰģվı
Զ˿ǣȰѶ£ԼԺͶТλƾͻܶࡣ
ƶʡ˷磬Ǿһ֣
ɵöġ
ܣҿŵʱ䣬ûʱϵҾ̨
ô˵ᣬ˵ͷ
ʲûյ֣ҼֵܾͿʼλ֡
СӶ֮⡣
ڼǸ͸λ뷢Ὺʼӵʱһɫʻ᳡
һ˲䣬;۹ƶɫ۶ȥ
΢е㳣ʶ˶֪ɫƶʡ̽Ůᰵݡ
ǧͣ󣬳һһŮǳᰡ
ܣˣشΪʲôҪʲӸң
ܣǷܵκв߿ţ
ҽڹٷƺʲһ£ʲô룿
һӵϣͲǰ
ûлشǶκһ⡣
ÿ㣡ܺͳҽ̨кֵܣ᰿·
ɫƽǣᰵִϯ̨
̨Ѿһˣ˾ǳ̺ͬʱҲǵԺյĳжơ
̨ûվûкֵĴ㣬ʩʩȻαһʮĴɡ
ƶԳᰵ̬ȣڳļǼȺ˷ܡ
䴫Գҽɲ⣬ƾʲộŸҴӳǳֱ£ƶճҽʲ
мضŲΪ֪ľأ
ϢͨҲ֪ƱĿɽԯս
յϢǰҹƴУȻͻȻ֮䣬ʡͱϼŽʲϼŵĳţ
۷ȣʲô롣ƿű㿴ųһɳŪζ
̨£ӶͶϸЦŸ׳
ʼɡӶƵļһ
˵Կʼ𣿡
΢΢һ
ô˵ûκλӦ
üǸӵĺ棬ΪʲôһޱȰĳҽȻᱻһ仰˵춼زˡ
ƽ뿴ģǳƶ֮γԱǿӲѹͷߵĸоķǳܡ
뷢Ὺʼһӣû˵ʼ˭Ҳ׼ǰ
ӽƶʡǵĹأҶ




1981¡ʲ
 

һԣڳļǺʡ̽סˡǴУȻųҽ棬˵ԺƶʡĹ
ֱšԵ
˿ӣȻû˵һ仰άһԼš
ȥڶǰһ
ѵҪˣ
ҽ˵仰һżĽ
һֱǳ羴ѳƶʡĽ
ǽĳȫԾʧȥеľ񣬾˷ǳʧ
˵󣬳ûһۡ
ͬеʧΪǾγ֮ţڿδ̫˰ɣ
һѾ꣬ܣԿʼˡĿڵ
ƿ̨£Ĵӻû
ʲ飬ֻöТΪТΪס
̨µĶû˶һѡ
԰һᣬ̨̤
֣ˣҴӿ𣿡
ԥһ£ͷӦöߡ
Ǽ򵥵Ŀͷʽ
ʡýߵļ֤£᰿ͷŵȫʲӸϼš
ھĽӹ̣漰ǳӵҵҪʮµʱ䣬ֻܵŷ뾫ͨ˾רЭ˫ӡ
ȳͷŵٴθȷûʲ©˵
ֻýԼͳʲҸ
պʱ򣬶Тϵֳ̨ϾȻǶӣʱŽ˿۾˹۽һ¡
ϵ߹˵磬ôڲٵԼ̨ˣұٵ㼸ӡ
û£̨̨ɡТȻԶе⡣
Ҿ㶡̨ӣʱĽӳ򻹲
̷ͨĶТмʮֶַΰѳᰵʲԼ¡
Сʱŷ˳ڼ䣬ûбֳκη
ʡڷǳʧ
Ƕܲ⣬ΪʲôҽƵͷɶƶȫʲ
󣬳뿪ӻصǰµĺ
ڱ׼ģֻȶƻף
׺ĻϵĶҲзŹ⣺֣Сû𣿡
ң緢߽ѵװף죬üۺǶֹסĵ֮ɫ
ȻЦĵܣ㲻ֽ֪˵ǾԺǵĹʱжôʱѿáٺ٣
Ҳн죬ЦҲʹʹˡ
ǿĺúףһ£ߵһӵǰһƿ򿪣ʱƿĭ硣
ƽЩȾƱȽ٣ʵ̫ˣĸһģϵĸɱף
˼һ߹үһ˿ϼˡ
Ϣûʲôʾ
¾Ʊ˵֣˶ˣҲӦǻؼҸĸߡ
˵СŸĸ·ҪҪ֪ԯӳһТԽóܵĿԡ
Цҡҡͷ̫͹ԯӳˣùٷͨƳУ³ܵȥֻҪȫճʲÿǳǻ
õģ֣ҵĹȥϼܲʲ彻ӡТǳȻ˵仰
ƻû˵㰵ػĿڵ磬ϼܲǱߣҾˣ·ɻϢһ±ȽϺá
ܣӳֻҴĹŲŶ鷳£ǽɡ
Т˵ţ̧̧۾
˵ʲôưڰִϵˣ֪ʲô˼ô⣬ûһܵ£ǱΪһϼţֵܺ輸ȥϼܲТȥճũTVǸֱ˾ԤֵϰڣϼŲ٣ȥս컪ֵЩƵꡢưɵȲҵ䣬û
ûУһش
͵أʲô
컪ʲҲһ⣬ֻҪȫ£㹻ƶʡһǧ˵硣
ТͶҲʲô飬ϾǶƸǷġ
֣أϲʵ
ƿСһۣЦҺúˣˣЩŮˣ㰮ôô棡
лл֣۷Ź⣬޲Σȥ뱨ǸŮ




1982¡ɹ
 

֣һһ⣬ƴʦʲôҲǳ˵Ǹ̷үֵֺܿ¶Ըƴʦ̷ɼּġԼĹǡ
ȫΪһ⣺ԯӳõԯǣȥƴʦ̷ɼʱԯүһȥͺãҸٵĵ绰
лл֣һ
ԯսõܣ϶Ҳǳ֣ԯڣͲõֵʧˡ

ڶ죬Լĸĸӵƶʡᣬ˫׵Ժ棬ͺͨ˼һ
չȻ֪ӱٷͨ飬˶ܵĶʲô⣬˲ϵİο
ÿλӦ΢Цǲõġ
ͬʱƵӸԴ˳ʼճʲ
ϼܲһҫ̬ϼȫԱӭӡ
ҲǼŸ߲㣬أ֪ϼˣǹʡ
ûлشĻһվŵһȺԱǼźͬͷ񲿵ԱǻЭɽӡ
ܣ㵹Ǻʶʱ񡣡᰾вĳ뷨
վŵǸŮֻܽ뷨

ũTVܲТһȺҵӢ͹ƤЬ̤̤߽
߽һ¥ú󣬶Тɨһۣȵܾң
һ߸ݵӣС鲽ܹͷսս˵˼ǰݼˡ
ʱ򻹸ݼ٣ѵ֪ҽҪũTVϴ绰
ТũTVԱһٳȣȻʲô
ǵͷǲأҲң
˼ǲ⼸ð޷ֱԲڹ˾ֱӻشʱ򣬰ͷѹø͡
Т˫ۣ͸˿۾ųһƬâܾڣͷҲڣô֪ǶҪũTVֱ˾壬һ̯Ӹң
үǾû˼Ҫ绰ʳ
ҹһȥТһƿӣһ߿ߡһ߶ĹȽȥʲ
ǣش

ɽƵۡ
ƴʦͻȻӦ˺ܶİˡ
üͷһ壬ż߳ȥһֻſںѹѹվһȺδ󺺡
꣬һɫǹһ΢Ļȡ
һĸߴϢۻ룬ԳǷʵݡ
Ƶۣкιɣƴʦѹסʵ
ɫ꣬ҲǶ棬һھͺƴʦҪ㣬ѾˣӽԺƶʡҸ׶Ϊ𣡡
ͨᱻ󱲰⵹ȰǶһǳسǣŸ𣡡ƴʦصĵһ
Ҳϻǿߵꡣ
ߴԯսõԯ飬ƶĵһսѡƴʦ
ʮƴʦѪڵϣһŭĿͶԯﳤȥ
ǡΪӮʦ͸ս˵

һȻͳйصû̫ܵ˺ʡᶼƵֵüɹ
ȴյŸĸĳС԰ɢһ绰ҪôûӣҪôǼ̵˵䣬öԷ𼱡ġ
ʼգûԶҳ֡
Щ׷ԭܶ˶ųȴò˶ҡ
ΪЩյСϢšȴһֱûԭǶұĿɽùٷԳͨԯս
ںܶ˿ʵǿٴҲܶùйٷԯս
ǰӣԯսΪ飬ԯսӲѹȥˣ
ùٷͨƳѳСʲܶõֱ࣬˾
յĻƻ裬ⲻôۡ
ԯڹ԰һСɽͷϣԶԶųڳɹ̫
٣ۿһŴӲһӣǲǺܾʣЦʵ
ԯԴʧҡҡͷа۳ˡ棬Ƭøɡ
ǣֻܣһ³˫Ŀڹ԰ɹ̫ӡ
Ȼԯԯսĵ绰룬༭ŰƬȥ
ƬĳһȫģԶھǵԯսüȿЦЩʧ
ô죬̫ʧˡԯսصֻĻһ˿ɫʱ趡ѵɱںˡ

ԯͶɽͷһһһʮӣ˶ʮȤת뿪˹԰
ߺ󣬳˫ָһ˿ɡ
Ȼ֪ɽͷվˣֻûȥ
죬һֱĵȴ
ʱ䣬Ӧòˡ
ĸߣȲֽϢ׼Ҳ޹˼ɡ
ԶչںʡһѴк
Ҧ㣬񰡣ԭǰᵽʡסˣôû˵һǳĶһ긾Ů˵
һĻ΢΢һЦ㲻赽жٸˣ
ǸϳϵıеΣô㣿һе£ˡ
˵껰ӿŲ԰ſȥ
չղſҦһ׼԰ɢӣϳȴƵˣ˶ʲô˼
ԼҶӴ۷͹ȣҦ㵱ȻٺǼϹϵ겻ĺýٴط꣬ȴ˵߾ߡ
Ҧ㣬԰ɢˣԳһ˱ܶԶ֮
ν̬鵭ˡ
׼ͳչҳҦͻȻͣ
ʲôסһ
ʱҦΧ۾ɵϴĿɿڴĿŹ԰ſڿһгӡ
ֻͨĳҲͰˣ⳵ӷͬһ㣬мγǰҾǱš
̣ʡһֹлҪŵöࡣ




1983¡
 

֮Ⱥ׷ױá
Ҧתȥ֧ʮĳӣȻڵλÿȥ
γһȣǰҵĵطͣ
ˣһͦΡһɫװȻѲᣬܿóӢˬ
һ³һ˲֮䣬·ȫɫʶΪ֮ᣬԱվŵӢˣһס
Ҧǰ˵ݣȴһס
˹԰ѱλ뿪
ԳĳΪģ԰Բڵƽϰն˳ȥ
Щϰﻹ֪԰˸˲õĴ˭Ҳͣȫ뿪
ڳϣͣһֻ׸룬αҲվźüֻ
΢΢̧ͷǰȥֻֽһ³ˣȻʲô֣ȴǳǳǿһŨüŭƲ˸оܲ᲻֪һֶ˳ӡ
һλȨ
ǰ˵ĵһӡ󣬾˱ضλ˳
ڹŴĻүࡣ
˵ó˵³
ͬҲһλˣȥӽʮ꣬һ޸Ĺӷִηĺۣһͼ
õ˵ˣ³ڳϣüͷ΢΢һ塣
΢ĳ棬ƣǲץСǼСǺˣǱݺģ
һ߽кһ߸չܹڳǰ
ֽԼͬȻʧЦ
裬ǲץҵģġ
˵ţվƹĸߵֽǰ
ҽáǸϵˣԳ
á֡
ͬʱţȨƵˡ
Ҳֽ֪뵽˵ġ
λҵԬУû˵Լݣҽ󣬾͸ܸһǸõˡ
Ԭеĵõˣ̨ϵݵλȴöֻ࣬ǵƳ˳һۣͳк
Ҳû˵ʲô˵ȸĸټղûԬв˲øС
ҽλǸðɣǺáȻأ˵ȴһ崺ĸо
ûкӳĸĸٴ
չܳĺ֣Ȼнվһߣʲô˵
¸ĸѹ̫ˣ˵֡裬ҺҪ̸ǲõңڹ԰һߡ
áã֪ԼҶӺȥ߹ٴ󳼵Ҫ̸ݣ϶漰ܣųչĸ첲ԶԶ߿
ָ³Ρ
΢Цˣڷɻãվűá
ͷΪֹٷܴʲôʲôﶼշ磬˵ûмӾһӶûС
˵ʲôֿߵֽһۣʾֽ˵
ֽЦЦڵҿǺòװشӾǱȻǶսѣԴش뿪Ӻ󣬱æڹֱȹŴĻʵۻæܳչƶʵס
óֽ仰ڰʾݵλǳߣͬʱҲڸ˵뵽Ҫ档
ˣݸӺˡ
Ϊʸ֪ðһ£Ӻְ
˻һԬɫֲÿһ֡
ûΪãЦǺǵĴҵľְ񣬲ϸ˵ҽֻ֪ܶõ͹ϵԯս
Ŷ΢΢죬ӦȫĻܸлæ֮гչƶ
ˣĳԻа۴ĽѾãҷǳϲύҽĸˣҴ˴ǰƶͳҽ֮⣬ҲΪҪһЩͬ
˵Ļʵ˻ν⣿
ҽЩӣЩԹɣΪĶ´󹦣ȴԸһԯսһٴѹ㣬⼸ո˳ԯս⣬ͨʲΪҽ֪ʲôԭ򣿡
˵ʱÿһֽڵķͣٶһǡôĸоʮȻ˵յ¯ľ硣
ͬʱ˵Ҳܵߵ߲֪˳˼άߣֱձƿء
ҲָоܵӰͨСöࣺȷʵ֪ԯսԭ򡣡




1984¡ͬ
 

˵͹ٷȣվԵʮС
սѵϻۣ֮һǧ޷͹һȡ
ԯսȴֳڹٷ֮ϵ׻ãֽݵʵóܲ⡣
ѵԯҵڻĹٷ֮ϣ
еĺ֮ɫⲽԳͷ­𣬸п˵ԯսܹ֮ΪΪΪԯҵӵܡ
ҽΪδ󹦣ԯȴӻĳǧ꣡һţһ壡
һ壿ϵɫŨˣʷϿûԯһӻĵϣһûĴͿ̿սԯվ𣿡
ҽкܶ棬ͨ˿ģԯҲģսͺҵĴ
عͷ˳һһ˿
ĳδڵϡֽϣԼκرϡ
кܶ£Ҷܹңιٷµͨ档
˵֪Ҫعˡ
λȨصĴæҪһĴۡ
Գɫʵ˵Һԯս֮飬һЩͬʲô˼
νͬҲ˵Щݲˣ֧ԯսˣΪܴǻһӢţȻ룬ջǲȡ̬ȣҲ֪ԽӸλԽҪС
ʱҪһԸͷģǳƽԯս֮¡
˵仰ֽЦȥ˵ˣҵĺսش硣
ףȫΪ˽ʶǰƶԭ˼
ĻҪ̸кܴء
ƺ˳˼Ȼ֪ڹʲôǺЦȻĳǾͻҪƤ˵һ䣬²ҪҸҲһССϣҽһԡ
˵ɡҲĨǣͬʱаССҪ󣬿²򵥡
ԱߵԬһۣȻĿת˵ҽģǻĹٷһǳҪĴ£Ŀǰڻûҿȸ㣬¾Ҫѡһλʦˡ
ѡʦһʱһЩ
ԬйȻô򵥡
ֻ˵Ƕѣξѡĳ֪ҽͽϼҶС㡢ǰѽؼʦļ˫Ǻѹϵҽʱ϶üСѡ˵ҪһؼʦһλΪ޷ߺؼʦпɣʱ򼧶СӦûҽæ㣬ҵǣϣҽܾС㣬Э㡣
˵ⷬԬϵİֶһ֡
·˵Э㣬ǿһ
Ԭʲô̬ȣܴӦҪ󣺡˼Со֮ҲЭľˡ
⡭ԣһ¡
⻹԰һγʧ̬
ΪΪ˽ȼü֮϶ӦҪ
û뵽ɴľܾˡ
ܾɣȷʵܹ
Ҳɴ˿ԿǸضˡ
΢һ룬ǿ¶һĨЦҽ޷Ӧҵȫܹ⣻һĵϣʱĹʦѡܹ̬ȣκһæ
ȻԬпȴԳʵǳϿɾء
ֳҪѡＧ˫ôԬеǿ֡
ԥ
˫Ҫѡʦʮа˾Ҫæ
˫оܴ֮Ӧ
Ӧ󣬹ٷĽѽ
ϾԯսıҲֻеּѹ
ԥֽѵСо֮ʽ𣬿ԼҵҵʵѡЭѡʦҲʲô£ֻҪشһ£ǽԼԼļкܴĺô
ԭܾģֽ˵ļѣ̲סһ۲Զڵ˫ףжʱ
ãҴӦ㣬ֹʦѡ
仰һϵЦ⻺չ
Ҿȶлҽˡ
ͷӹһ˿⡣
ҵԯսĹٷʱúԯս׵˽ˡ




1985¡ܺ
 

̸£ͳȻֽԬغγ԰
ŸĸصƵϢ
ҹҸںף
˸ովƱͷƷɫŮС
ʲôˣôҶұʵ
һƷޱĻӦִԱ֪ͨǶһǺͳԼϼŵʲʽΥɷ棬ϣ
Ц
ַһѾƱˤڵһ鲣
ӽƶҶƾ졢Ƿ
ҹִԱǾģҲȨýʽϣ
֪ͨһԸԸ⣬ӰյĽ
ƷĮ˵仰⼸ִԱתȥ
֣ҪҪҽֵܳȥѵ⼸ɳһ٣Ŀ׺ݵ˵
ҡҡͷҿ⼸ִԱ˵ǻһֹˣͷҲ޼£ǼȾƣССֲùܡ
õģ֡˵ţ¸ùһ¾Ʊ
ТͶܾе㲻ԾҲû˵ʲôǶڽճϼʲˬ֮С
ڶ죬ǰũTVܲ·ϴ˸绰аźǲʹϰࡣ
ӵ绰İźǲʷǳ죬֮ǰǱȥ˾Ϊʲôǹȥ
˶ɻҲһ˿ǣĻũTVܲ
ſվţȰšǲʵ˺ʲôҲûֻͣ˸һȥ
żû¶κɰţѵĸԸԼʲԽǹӹ
ܾ칫ңТڰ칫󣬲鿴¹õũTVʲ
Тһܿ
춡ĵĳڹ԰ƬҲˡ
һıû˾ĳôẦ£
ʶԼĴˣܺáТվ۳ŮλؾǰžũTVӦҵũTVͷǲʡ
˵֡
ʲô
Тһ£û׳ʲô˼
˵
λ𣿡
˵ТڷӦȻЦʱգ㻹ŷиҴ˵ʸڵһϡ
أ
Тδ˵꣬屻Ȼصˤڵϣ˿۾Ƭ
ҡ
أ
һ죬Тһ߳칫ҴţˤĴ칫ҵϡ
ԱæѶТ
Ȼû¶Тأȴܡ
ϣТѪ߳ŭҲû˳˹ĵģ
ԱϢվĸȥͳ
󡢴үǲĶְ
ǡߣҵţߣТ˵ţ·뿪ũTVܲ
ĿͶТ뿪ȴûٳ֣ɫƽĶ԰źǲ˵ϰ࣬ҵ˲ˡ
𣿳´磬Ҿ֪㲻ֵͷڹˣҽû㣡ǲʸ˵ñ
΢΢һЦȥ

ϼܲãһˣڽܹĵĽнӹ
ڣᰵܲð칫ңҽȥ
ȴڴŰ칫߶·һλѲԼ
ܿ죬ŮĲš񲿡
񲿵Ůæͷȥ
ʲôԺҾǵܲãҽ˫֡Դ˵һͷ
Ůսսеܺã
ࡣЩ»ʱͻȻ֣ЩŮǿĿˡ
ùŹ
ͻȻʶԾתſڿȥ
ֻһſڴ
һʧ̬ܿԭ㰡˵궼ˣô֪ϰˣҵϯҽʦ
ûǻϰˡ仰ûʲôö׽
뵽ھѾһˣû˾⣬ǰܲüӵ֪ͺãĶͷ˾Ѿˣ֪ôƺ𣿡
ܺáǹЦ⣬кúܱ׼
ĵͷһΪķˣͦϵһܵķϣҿԿǸԯӳ˵һ
үˣͻȻܽһԱĽе
΢΢üͷʲôôСֵģûںǼŵϯҽʦ̸𣿡




1986¡
 

ɡǶүͻȻԱֹͣǽʲһĹŶ˳ȥ
Աʶе㲻Ծɵģ
˵أܡ
¶ħЦݣͻȻץסԼٶ칫ҴڰѴ򿪣ȻѶᵽչš
ϼŲڴõʮ¥˺һŷӦԼʮ¥⣬ʱŵûɢ

˵ġ΢΢һЦɿץס֡
һҽУΪԼҪˤȥ
ͷץסĩˣӴ
δĶһϷЦĳؿڵŭһϴڣֲҶԳ
ǰˣǸŷϺ޷ԹԽʲĳ
㡢ʲô˼ѵ㲻´ŭԯӳ仰ѳھưԯսƾһ绰óԹˡ
һΣͲųҷǶҺԯս
Ƕ常Ӷԯս˵ȷʵù
дһ˿Ū
ҵ뿴ԯս⼸жӡ
һ£ǵԯӳԸǰƶסǶҡ
˵仰һǶ⽫͡ſڡ
񲿵Ůǿʮġ
ڴǸҽ
һƴͷת򣬺òײµİ׼ŭµӳϼŴá
۴ڣܿµһ¥뿪ˡ
Ȼӵ˽컪ĵ绰
ҵ׷ٵƵӶȥ¡
ãˡ
Ҷϵ绰кһš

ɽ¡
ٽףɽݷ
üĿĶɶɣվڴǰʩ
ϵЦ⣬ͻȻ΢΢һ͡
ֻſ߽һ׳ֱײοƵ÷׷׵ء
Ƕɶɣһɫݵ꣬߹ʵ
꣬Ǵԯ鵽ҳҫĶ档
ɶ΢΢üλʩΪ£
ɶ˵ͳϵܺãǾͺܲ˼ˣڶǶ˵һŶӡ
˵껰ԯ顣
ԯһ仰˵ͶԶɶĳһơ
ɽöɶʮ־죬ֻתȫֶơ
صһɶӺɳȥһƬС
ɶΪԼҪǸǿ֮£һ̣Լȵվڵϣұһǿȴº͵סΡ
תһֱվŵ˾Ȼǳ
ʩлһ
ɶʦúõϢǼɡ
˵ţƹɶߵԯǰ
ԯˣͻȻ֡
ôҳ֪λ˭ٿԯӳõܣ㡱
滰δ˵꣬ɨȥ
ԯϣְסֱۡ
ָԱǿϢǼĿ·ˡ
ŵ˲ɫҰףԭء
οǷ׷׶·ӣû˸⡣
ջƣ΢ɫ
ԯʵȻ
Ȼղֻһһûӳ
ԯΪԼ˳ĳ֣ϲְȻ֮ɫѾϾǸø罻ˣҵ£Ҳҡ
𣿡ΪĻӦǾҼʶһԯҵľѧ
ɱ㣬ѧԯ԰һЦĳסȫҪλ
˾˵ƣöɶʦĿɿڴ
û뵽Ļƥеˡ
Ȼһʱ䣬ɶʦ͸ı뷨
ûγֵģͿԯøɸɾȻ˵ɳȥˤڵϣѵ滮һ֡
һУͰԯˡ
ԯ鱳ĥѪģͣ۵һ³һѪ
߰ԯүŭȴһŲؿϣһ跢ȵܡ
ԯҵˮƽӸ¿ԯ飬мҡҡͷ
ԯ鱻仰һѪӿȴ粻ڣںܵҪ
Ϊҵľѧûʩչ
ԯĽƱ磬ֻһЦҿˣоԯľѧ
㣡ԯ鼸סؿҪһʩչʮֵıʮֵĲ
֪Ϊʲôɱ𣿡ԯɿ˽ţ̶˵ԯսͨвҵļŭңұ
˵ţһŽԯߵϣһײɳȥɽš




1987¡ȫ淴
 

ƵڶеһҽԺ
ŲԼӡԯսõԯ飬һľŭͬʱҲǳš
û뵽컹һĳͻȻӺԯˡ
ԯ黹ˣ
θԯս
֣ˣԯӳľ棬϶úܲңҧгݵڲϽ
Ȼǳŭûʧȥǡ
룬˭ĵ
ȥܳʲộǶұϾԯսš
˶ƺܿ춨ԯսȥһ绰
֪õܱ˵ԯսŭ𵱳СӣҶõ֣ܳܺãȻҪǾ㣡
ͨǳ̣ȻԯսҶϵ绰Ʒ˷
ΪԯսԽŭζųĴԽء
ֻҪԯӳļɡ
ԯսҶϵ绰һʱȥˡ
Ĺٷ֡֯άֵ˵ȥٸҿ㻹ôԼѣ
ȣԯս֪ͨ¦Ρ
绰¦εЦеΣԯӳ˼ڵˡ
¦Σʲô˼άֵαӳãѵҿԯսһ¾ͻˡ
¦λ˵ǣʵڲ˼άְﲻ㣬һ£ȹˡ
ιཱུԯսһֿڣģ¦ξָҶԸԼʰ˳ٸһ״
ţԯսִ绰֯ľߡ
ԯӳҽӵָʾ԰ﲻæǳǸ
ܾͬԯսҪ󣬵ȴ͸¶һؼϢ
ǾҪ
ĸ棿鷳˵һ㣡ԯսѹŻʵ
ҾͲ̫ˡ
ߵܱأԯսóļɵ
˼䣬оȷʵ֪ԯսֻܹҶϵ绰
һ죬ΪŪ澿˭ڱԯսʮͨ绰
ûеõ𰸡
ڶɳϵԯȥˣڵսԯ£뿴ȨƵɫ˰飬ȥƶɱǡ
УһҪѪѪɱ˰йߣٱƳҾս
ԯսֱȥƶʡΪζһ
룬ҳάƶ־ξֳܴĵ绰Խ¦һ㣬ֱӵƶ־ֵĸ֡
ڵƶ־־ֳλһɽ¦ɫѡҵһԸյġ
ܴλӣûȾͽӵһʮͷ۵
ԯӳȻȥԸⲻȥ
ԯսƣܴòͷӦȻԼ绰ʾ¦Ρ
ܴԯӳʲôˣҪúãõΣԯӳҲ϶ġ¦ԭܴӦһ£ʱı뷨
ܴһֱԼǿӦõΣȥ־֧¦Ͷ˿˳ˡ
ܴȥ
ܴ־ֵĸ֮ԯսòִ绰ƣöƵȥƶʡѪϴһ飬Ҳʲô⡣
õԯսּ⣬еһҽԺؼĶƣиһ衣
ѳĳԱ죬Ѫϴֵһ
֣ͽˣ˷ܵȫ΢΢
ûкĴһˣ
ǶѪϴóﳤǶʲô³

ҵһһڳƿ֮С
ԯսƶ־ξֳܴԸ飬֪һ
֮ǰԯսв˵˺ܶ֯άֵĸֹƶѾʶˡ
ǹٷȴӵбԯսߵȨơ
Ͼԯսǽ²űٷƳģһЩ˰ԯҵòԯս
һ˶ԯսʧˣǵĴˡ
ԯսܵϵͳҲܣȨ޸ߡ
Ҳˣ֪ԭԯսûôֹҲ˵Ѳûܵǳصв
һûк֮ǣԷһ
ҵ»رѾӻԯرˡǰ컪
ͷ˫⣺߰ɣȥұ
ͽ컪ʱµĺ·ŵĶһžŵĿֻеôܣ籾¥Ȼˣ
ô£˵㣡пһ£ŭʵ
滹ûش𣬶ТҲֻ֣ˣǳǵʲˣ




1988¡ȭ
 

Ϣö־ŭ
ΪҪժȡĹʵôͻȻ֮䣬Ժ
籾⣬ʲᣬֱǰǶҵӶڶˣ
֣ڳǹϵô࣬ÿ´ôΣΪʲô˶ǵĴ󷽣ŵʵ
ûлش
Լ֪ô¡
Ǳ߲ܺڵĻǰ׵ģǶҰŵװףԲܰѴΥԵ翪ô
ǶһõԯսıӻģܶҵĻмˣ
常δȶƫƫʱﴫͺһ
ڸӻǰĹǴһϢ̽뢶жɣйز飬ҵ֤ݣڽ˵ʱѸչжȲⶡƿصĴʹŻ磬ϸжᶡʲйزŽⶡڳǵĸҵ
Ӽߵıƺĸӵ˴ء
ôܣ
ǶҾôϴףò׵̨棬ȴ㣿
˭Ҫף̲סˡ
ָ˵ʱҰ˵ıԡ
ǵ̨ıûн
ڲ岥һƶߵıϤǰǰƶʡϼʲһٴ룬ϡ˾涨Ҳȡ˼ҰֱΥΥֶ̲Σϼܲ᰺ϯҽʦŷͷŵƶѾȷܲúͳҽʦܵźвѳǰҸӲص㣬ͷϻ֮Է
һƺĸӵĳˡ
йزŵжȻѸ٣ֱǴս̿飡
Һԣô㼸ʮڳȥ˵Ӻڣŭһ˿ɫ
Ķǣȫֽűһ񣬲֪Ǻá
붡ҵķӦȣӻǰĹǷ׷ֽкã޹ٷڳȭʲַͬʱҲΪҽең˵ҽˣô£ǸˣӦñֻѹݺ
һЩ۵ͷϻֻСģ϶һͷģϣٷȭ񾡣
Ʋ֪ƶʡڶڻأ˿ڱﲻⲽ֪Ѿ̡
֣·ɣڴסˣТһ˼Ǻ˵һ飬ǰʶһ͵Ĵ𣿺Сʲô塣
ڻܵóȥƶҪץˣصķТ顣
Тһ仰˵ôԭأ޷
ȷʵǿ϶ܲˣ˵ƶʡᶼȥ
ȫ˵ܡܲȥҲ԰ѵǾԴУ
֣Ҿòƴˣҵƴɱ𣿡ֱ˿̣СӶﻹǷǳɡ
ҡҡͷ·ʲôЦ顣
ʱѾûѵСӣǿӶ棬ǿ򶨵ʵˣ˶ٸ
󡢴ٸĻҲ˵е㲻
ԣͷٸˣȥ˵ȵסΧסȥ˵һᱣ޶һʳǡ
ãͳȥߵſڣѵĴ
Զ˵·ĺѸ˶һ
ȥ˵ƾ֮£Զŭ
Ȼֲһ䣺ͻһ̨ҿԶЩʱԯӳ绰
ĸþһ񣬶԰ǻԯӳɽأ
æͷȥ
óֻһߴ绰һݷߡ
Ĳ¥ƺͶТԼԯ̨
ΣԯˣǱ·ȥġ
潻º󣬺ܿҲ̨ϣÿͨ绰
̨¿ȥԿ澯ĺ⽻ӳһΧסˡ
һ˼ҵĽ
ǹԱеĲҽöӸɫס
˿ֻܼϣԯսֻҪԯսñǻоĻᡣ
ţѾΧˣ̷ͶҪνĵֿǻӳѲġ
ҲΧж
֣Ųסˣ治ٽ𣬶־ּĴߴٵ
ʱڽͨϵɫչǻЦ⣬û£ԯӳѾƶά־ֵĸǡ
̫ˣĸӵɫȫתΪϲ




1989¡
 

ƶĴۣʰٸԱ
ͽ컪ϵʱǹսպý
þòѲæǰк
ǵӳû뵽ѲҲΧҸӡ
ضӳþòͽȥɡҲ໰˵žͺͽ컪ߡ
Сĵ㣬ҴӸ·ڹѲԳޱ𾴣ĸóǰͷ
Ҳ⣬ùѲӽȥˡ
ڱһȦ󣬹ѲһӳҸ̨ϣɳǹе
ȥѲżˣͳ컪ݡ
¥ݡ
̨󣬳һۿȥֻƺĸӻԯվ̨Եһ㾪ŵӶûУȻ̡
̶£˫ֱͷ
ѲĺƵȫû
λǴпųһЦΪʤȯֻϧҶ㻹˵㣡
Ŷô˵㻹к֣ʵ
иֵ֮ɫ֣Ҷ·㿴棡
ŶƵĻͽ컪Ѳһ̨¿ȥ
ֻɫγʻ
Ȼӳ˸źװ
˸װһ³ͱסͷǸװʾ֤סǵľԱɫһ䣬ĸ·
ܿ죬˸װϵ̨
ͷװɨ̨һۣɫĿڵҽһ£ƶά־ξֳܴ
ܴҽܣȡ
ָܴɵƶ飬Ѿ֪ˡ
ҴǱյϢη־ֳƺ¦е㲻Ը
ܾã鷳Ҷұһˣǲ˼Ƽȱѵд󶨣Цܴӭ˹ȥ׼ܴ֡
ȻöƷǳǣܴǵûкֵ˼һµĿǵֻǿƶʲôҪҾϵĵط
ܴ仰סˣĸҲסˡ
ܾ֣ǡʲô˼̫ףѵԯӡ
밵ʾһܴȴֱܴӴϣ˵ʲôϣúϾ飬һϸշɷ
£Ƴ׵ԭء
ܴѲĽ͵ضӣ˼ǰˣǼɡ
Ѳ˵ͷ
ά־Ҫְ֣λƱҪܴѹһͷ
ھҲûһ˼ɡ
ܴȻϸһǡôòЦ⣺лҴʺһ
л֣лô΢΢һ˵лڼҸкܾˡ
ܴͷлһֱڼŬ¦ܾ룬лֹٸԭְ
ܴ仰һ˿·־ֳʾõζ
ܴʲôд۲졣
ûʲôʾܴʶȤĴżȥ̨ˡ
ҸӾĿܴȥһƬ
ƣĺ֣ڽʵ
ߣܴΥԯӳк³ֱ˿̣ӲҲ㱳˭ǶԯӳڣͶң
ٸһᣬԯսô㡣ʰƣܰԯս
Ƽ׼֣ѲƺԳ˼Ϊ׼ץסѵõĻᣬóֻٴβԯսĵ绰
ԯӳǸܴ˹һ۾ˣûб뿪ڳǰǶҶ֣
ӵƵ绰ԯս˿ŭĵĵͷ
ܴѾСˡ
óǶȥԸٶѾܵ෽棡
رľ棬ԯսķġ
Ƿ֮һ޷ԯս²⵽֡
ԯҸԯսָʾǣҪĹٷһЩ飬ҪʿɶֹΥ˻һǧѵ
Ǳ߰ﲻæԼֱ෽Ūţԯսﻹܶҵ
ϾҶ˵һп޵Ĺˡ
Ȼ޷ͨԸ
ƣǶҵ飬Լ㶨ҪͱӳϹϵ
绰ԯսĻӦöһĳ׶Ԩ
ֻĴﻬ䵽ϡ
ۿŸɫĶӣ·һˮͷõţ͸ˡ
޾ľͿ־壬Ȼǵͷ
֣ԯӳܻǵģЪ˹ŭǰԯӳԸûйҲпͣԯӳܿͻƶǣȻɱ˳Բԣ
ĿľҡҡͷȻ󲻶ȥֱ˵̨Ե
ТͶҲȫȥ滹˺ԯ顣
һ·ץסһݣ٣ԯӳõܣǶң




1990¡̨ܴ
 

ԯ룬øӦòڲ˲Ŷԡ
óֻԯսĵ绰
绰һߣԯսʾԥһ»ǽˡ
ս磬ͼƶң
飬ԯӵܣҶɱֵģĻɡԯսȥĴӪ
ԯһˣս磬Ǳԭɱ֣϶ɱҵİ
ԯ˵֮£ԯսȴ޷
ʱɳŵԯȻڵȥһƶɡ
ԯս룬ͷ
øʵ࣬Ҳ˼Ѫȥƶԯȫû⡣

ұ̨ԯֻɫԻ͡
Ƽ״·𿴼һ˿٣øҲһ˰ɣ
ԯĮҡҡͷ常ӵѾȫ޹ˡ
Įö볹׵ľ
ͻȻ䣬˫Ŀͨƺĳ־ġ
֮ƶʵǱԯսƵģйٷһĶҲĻ
ͣЦΪֹһ𣿡
֪㲻ţҶˣųһƬϲΪʲôҪƶ֮㶷֪ԯսֻңҵʹκκôģΪĽ͡
ֻɫȻҡҡͷÿ˶Լı£ΪʲôܴΥԯսȴңΪƶô
仰ѶƲһʱƿԡ
ƶά־ֳܴΥԯսǸոշ顣
ڵܴΥһڳǳưԡ͹ٷͬһģȴԯսƴӣֻѬ͡
֪ԼôԯսҲˡ
Уӹĺɫ
ûȷʵǳġ
Ҵƴô꣬Ĳðˡ
֮ƶʵܵ⼸Тӵʹ
ƴ˻һĸɫ
֣ТŵĿԼĸס
ȻģֻǶĺݺһɡ
ĸƶڼ䣬㲻٣СӶȻͼȾָƶҽŮˣֱòͷ
һ䣬ƳϵĿ첽ߵǰһźݺݵڶϡ
һ±仯̫죬ѲҪǹȴס
һֺŵĿԼĸףȻˤΣ̨·䡣

һҽУ¥¥ȥĶˤڵء
ƿŵϵСʬ壬ֻ۽΢΢鴤һ£תͷҽҰѵСɱˣϣһ棬ҶһᣬҵȫʲԽӸ㡣
Ƕңһ𣿡Цҡͷ
仰˼úס
ԭɱԼСӣȡһᣬСǸϧ
ӶԶҲûʲô
ϾһܱסǷǳ顣
ǵĸֶκ飬Ҳĳ֮ˡ
ָ׿µ񿴹澪֮£ȥ
Ȼϣ׼ǹ˲䣬ǹǹѾԼӵĶͷϡ
֡ȫһȥ˻
Ϊ󲻵״ա
ҹ̨ķܴ
汻紵ɪɪ
ȻĺģǸ׵ľٶ
ԯ鵽ҫƴʦɶЩõˡҽĺѣˣԼ
֣ȥģһķŭͲ
кǻ۶ҪҿǹԼȥѡһɡ
֡Ҫ۶ŵûɢʶȥһ´򻬣Լˤ̨

һҽУˤڶԱߡ
Ѳҡͷһ˼Ҿ硣
컪ֱ֮ɫ˵ʳӣƵݵλߣȴɱӱ飬ݡ
ҽڶĳסɱӵķϣŹҶһɣɱӺǹ΢΢
վиģƵȻʮһͷи鲨
̿ˡɻĳʼûΪμ⼸춡ҵΪƣĸӳ񣬾͵Ϊ˸ӦĴۣ
˵еʧˣֻʣ¿ն;
ͻȻ䣬еãĸӶҪˣҶĸӵ
˵꣬ƵǹָӶȻָӶТ
ѶТŵûһ£Ĺڸǰ
֣ҪɱǣǿĶӰ




1991¡ʧķ
 

ТƺγɱõĶӣ
ӶТĸѧߡ츳õġ
ӶȻҵϵıֲ綡ТȴȶТг徢
һ£ûаٷ֮˾ʮգТȥֻҪٷ֮ʮ
ӣǹָˡ
ǱɱӣõģԼ
һ򲽽û˻ԼûˣǾʧȥһϣͻᡣ
Т·ɣֻǶֽǮģƺݺҧӵ
ТͶӦͱжͷ̨µȥ
ŶӵǹڳǰĵҽһһҶӶˣٺҶңҲˣ
ɫƽˮٸɱӺ˵
Ѳسƣ꣬ɱӣҽ㣬ɸŹ㣡ߣ
شӳһӣܹס˫֡
ɱ֮״ħҶƲô׵ģ
컪ҡͷ
Ѿˣûˡ
´߶ƺ󣬹Ѳ֪ʣһ˲ܹģǱ̨˽˶Թ
ԯӵܣŴǧĻѪҺûʸɱңԯʮָ߰
ѪҺǹϷʵЦ⣬ڶʲôʱˣԯҵǻ壬ѵǻ𣿡
ԯȻһ룬֪Լǧ֮ѹס
ԯѲϵͳߣΪǿʲôഫǧꣿ
ľԯҵʵ
һʱ⣬ˣʱұδʩչ
ҲҽҵıʶһԯĴоѧ
ԯüٺһս
ʣȤǲܵġ
ûн¼ҼƷѪֵھ֪ǧҵѪЩ֮
ԯνġƺҲһֺ˲õҴУܺԯսһս֮ǰʶһµĻԳ˵ȻǺ¡
ɣҿⱾжԯȥ
ȵȣ
ԯ֡
״̬֪ǳĶ֡
Ҫ˵ˣֻƴһУһƲҵıǾͱ뿪
ԯȻǶԱġ
룬ӦҪ󣺡ԣְɣ
ԯû뵽ĴӦˣаһ举֮ʣ˫һ𣬸ߴһݷѾõĴ͵̧ͷ
𡪡
ԯһŭģ̨ϵĽ컪Լߵ¥µĹѲǣȫһ֮ɫ
ԯϣͳǧңݴϵĻ壬һͨӵܵƱһǿѹȸС
ȻѹȸԽ컪ͨ˶ԡ
תᱻһԯӵܵѹƣ
һ̣ԯŭĿԲһƽɫϢϳ
Ͽȥɵ΢΢档
⣬νı
ѹȷʵˡ
ʵԯʵҲ൱ڶ˾صĹߡ
бļӳ֣ԯսӵͨĹҪǿöࡣ
Ҳ˵ԯѪУԯӵӵԽսʱ
ҲֲԯԱš
ԯҴоѧеȭ˫ȭȻֻѧһʽֻҪһʽ㹻ˣ
ԯԽ˵Խȭסһ˿˿ȭͷϻ£ʱ˵Ҳ֮˶㣡
˫ȭ̩ɽ
ԯһȭգЮűϯ
̨ϵˮ汻һȭȭγһѷ죡
Աߵ̫ˮֱըˣ
˫üһеɢ֮С
һȭɲ֮ǰӦ
ò˵ԯҵѪȭж˳
֮ǰڱ뱦¼߾ѧɽŮƪֺ֮һѾ̾¼Ҵо
ԯҵĴУǱ¼ҴҪ΢ϰ
ټԯѪļӳ֣˵ԯ鶼ܰѵ˫ȭһʽӳ
ȻӵǿѪǧѧζžҡ
Ҫʹõˣʲôˮ׼
ڳԯʵ϶ԯŲϺš
һȭã
ɫ⣬ȭϻ۶ȥ
עȭֱӺܵӳֵԯȭ
䣡
̨ȫѣ
ԯȭɵƻ侪ˡ




1992¡һ
 

ԯıײ𵴣վԶĽ컪վסˤڵء
峡еʱŤĿУһվһ˹ڵϣѪֹ
˫ȭǧ崫С̾
ܡȿȣ
ԯڵأŵĿǰǸ˵ˡ
һ˵ķΣȫ֪϶٣ûʱɻˡ
ǱԼȥԯ޷ܵǣȻƴˣ
ԯҵıô㿿Լܣ
ԯҵıУ㲻Сԯ˵
ԯ޷粵ֻ¶߲֮ɫ
ȷʵıֻǸոҵ˫ȭһʽҲûɣ״̬ƴ˺
ʵԯ鲢֪ʵѾܶˡ
ղһȭֻҵѡ
Ϊʶһ±͵˫ȭԲԯʩչ
˵ûҵıС
̫磬ԯսøıҸǿ츳ߣԯӵڶҪķһʱ䣬ԯսø⼸Ϳɹ
ʱӵܽ˫ȭӳǿϽۣ֮
ʵŭ֮ԯϢϾڵϣһʬ
΢΢һԽ컪˵߰ɡ
ǣ컪Ҷ˵ʲô
ԯȲεײѾ漰ˡ
뿪ұϳĳ·һֱڳ˼
컪ͨӾ˼Σ̲סСʵѳҪϾǶԸԯս˰ɣ
ڴ룬ȻҼѵΣԯսҲһѣǾҪһרűҼѵˡ
˵öԣȻ񹦸һվԷػƶʡڣȥҲĵöࡣ컪͵
ҪĹĸ̸֣ס
ǳղһֱ˼⡣
ĵˣһһǿ
ֻ֣ͨ޷֤ѵİȫ
ԳһǶ֣ץס˼άһ˿⡣
ֻҪ˵һ컪ԸⲻϧǮΪ֡컪ġ
ȴҡҡͷ컪ֿԿµʲ籦֥áũTVЩʲСƻַҪ±Ҹĸ˵Ļޡ
˼ǡ컪óл
Ŀǰһ룬ǽٷΪá
˵컪²
ṩôĻû˸Ҷѡ
ٴҡͷ
λȨأȷʵܰﵽңϣкܶ˲£رЩ̤볬ǿߡ
ҵĹ뵱У֯άγɱҼҪ
˵컪ˣƿ֯ά֣ĸֱļѣ
˼ڵ˵ͷҲƿһҷǱʿԲ˳Ҳķʱ䵱ƿߣҵ뷨ǣѡȥ澮ߺ¦ΣֻҪ֤ѡģô֯άֵĸ־á
һɣνһ˫
֮ǰԯս˵Ҫɳ֯άִֶԸȻûԺѱߺ¦ѧ
ȥ澮¦ΣԺ֯άַǵԳʧȥвܳΪѵı
ϾάڱֵʵǲСġ
ǿĵˣȻɳԼԸ
ҿƶά־ֳܴͺܲԿǷȥ컪뵽һʵѡ
΢΢һЦͿܴԼûǸˣлҲǿԵģ֯ǱߣӢǾѡ
ҪƿԺ޺֮ǣ컪ǡôķһ䡣
ɲΪº״ɣǷ˷ǳصĴ󣬷ߺ¦һﲻôױȡ
֮£Ⱥԯս˽ᣬ̸齨¡
˵ţ˳˼
ڻζű͵˫ȭ֮ӦԼľս

ǣ׻á
֪ԯ鱻ɱԯսŭô˰׻һ̫ʦΡ
õԯҲȡȥƶʡг̡
սɡԯűŭԯսɱԯӵܣѪծѪ
ԯսȻ̧ͷƶŭ汬յ˫ȭһɫâ



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