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ҵļסڡԪС27¥һ150ƽ񷿼۱ʱڣӵôһ״׼䣬ҵˮƽҲϵġ
Ÿ׳˵¥˵ݾҼҵķţ壬źܿͿˣڵһĸҵƯٸ168ߵģһɫϥǴȹ¶װ۵Բֱۺ⻬ıֱСȡ
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ĸѾʮˣǴѧĽڣٹһҲˡ
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Բˣ׼ҹɱԺļˣ˰뱭ƺ󣬾Ͷߵĸ˵
ҲҲأڳءô˵ǲӡ
֣ĳ·ҲԲʲôԿɣҼнӣͼһǰ
ײ˼˵Ҳ԰ɣҲſʼ
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ĸû˵ܵҸ׵Ӱɣֺ˰뱭ƺæŸּһ
ϹҰⱭƺ˲ٺˣֺȰɣʱ˵ֳ˳ҵĿӡ
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Ӿ͵һˮվˮԸ˵֣ҾˮƾɣҸˣͺã˵žͺȸһ׿ˮ
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ĸվڳ̨ǰ󱳳Լϴ룬ԼӣӦŴĻĸŮĶôĸֻĸԭеs͵ĸģĸŮҲʮƣֻĸƶѣǺܰ۵ġ
ĸԼ𾴵ˣʱӽʱԼûôǮӣĸóʮԼԼһ׼䡣
ʱ鶼ĸһֲٰģҲĸչԼСͥ
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ĸ˵˽ǸûϢˡ
Ҿ߳˳λĻ졣
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֣˼Ҫϼũȥ˸׵ĻеЩò˵ͨģôŻϼȥأסʱ˵ϰ߾ס£ϰ߾ͻϼȥְֶ˵
֣ϰߵģȲҪ˵ϼң˵ﶼŻŵģҶԸ˵
ϴ磬˾ͲҪٻϼˣ밢ӨҲԲϼҵģͰĵסǻͷ𣿡ʱҲȴŸס
׼ҹͱˣĶܸģʱĸѾʰóҲԸ˵
ллǵĺ⣬ܾסе㲻㣬ҪСӸסҲ԰ͻȻ˸ת䡣
ϴ磬⻰˵ģҪԼзӲסҪⷿסñ֪˻ΪӶϱϳȥģǵǸ飿ҵҲûطˡԸֱȥˡ
ϵܣҾû˼أҡ׺ʲô֮Ƶġ
֣㻹ס˵ɣҼ׵Ϊӣĸ治˼˵ƵģȽиס˵
ʱ˵ʲôǱĸֹסˣͷӣ׼ҹĳһ۵ģǻȻؼҰɣ׼ҹȥϢɣĸǸǳˣҲе׵Ϊѣ˵žҪؼҡ
֣裬һɣҳòվ˵Ļ
ǰô˵߾أǲҸղ˵ĻʹˣǸũˣҲ˵Ҫʲô˵ĵطǶൣ׶˵
ǺǣûУûУеȶˣҲؼϢϵܣҲˣҲϢɣЦǺǵĶԸ˵
֣裬Ҫ߰أҵĹ찡ʱӨҲˣĸĸҪߣͶ˵
ĸһҪߣҲûа취Ҫǻȥ֪ҺȾ˲ܿ˵һ⳵ȥͿˡ
ȻǺ͸״кͻȥˡ
ҺСӨĸſں󣬼ĸ˵ݣҲͻص˿
֣ķҶˣҪǾۣȻطȥϢɣӶɳϵĸ˵
ðɣֻľеˣȻطϢˣ˵žͻصǸ׼Ǹ䣬һ˹ŵ
ϹҸղ𷿼ȥⷿסô°СӨ׻طˣҡ
ţҲ֪أȥ˯ȥ׵ķ̸̸Ҷ˵ž׵ķȥ
վڸ׵ķſڣţ֡û㿪ɣ׵ӷﴫ˳
ҾͿŽ˸׵ķ䣬ʱŵһζ׻ûڴϢڴϳϼҴԾ̣ҼæֹţζӷﴫȥСӨζģæߣϽƿ
Ը˵ڷֲ̣˼ڣһֱ˵סϰԼҪ̣͸סˣֻԸ˵֣ԺҪ̣ͰѴ򿪣ţ֪ˣ⣬лģ˵žָָߵһӡ
Ҿ͹ȥڵϣ֣ҪǾۣлٺҲԣֵ廹ôӲʣҲûۣ׶˵
Ǿͺãʲô˵ɣҶԸ˵
ʵҪĻ뿴𡭡δȸ˵꣬ҾͶ˵֣ѵͲ뿴ӣĶϱ𣿡Ҳ밡ڶˣֻϼȥɫض˵
һæ֣ΪʲôѽҲûʲô־Ǹеסﲻ̫㣬鷳ģ֣ôأʲô㰡
ʵӶסϰˣͻȻһͷڼ룬ǲǺܲ㣿׺ʲôʾңǻǲ׵˼֣ûʲô㰡
ɵӣǸ˵Ȼð˵Өء˵ͻȻе㲻˼ĵ˵
֣СӨôˣһǲ׸׵˼
ҵ˼˵סϱòģ룬Өڼ㴩ʲôģǰˣͻнģЩģ˵ڵҲ¶εı顣
˹Ц֣˵Ĳ°һΪʲôأģСӨǸڵˣ㴩ŵģͷס°ɣǾͺãǾͺãҲˣǺǣҵĻͷˡ
֣˯ɣȳȥˣ˵ž뿪˸׷䣬ְŸϣʱ뵽ôԼ˵أе֣ǲСӨڼ·ˣʲôģҲǸ׸õĵ°СӨԼҲнģôԼ˵أϹʲôأСӨͻȻŮķ߳վڸ׵ķſʲôҡ
Ŷûأţ˯𣿡æ˵
ţ˯ˣϹѵƶˣҲطȥСӨ˵žͻǵˡ
ҹ˿ͷϵĵƺҲصңСӨº˯½䣬ǰ򿪵ԣΪ˾ЩҪϴؼģóu̲ϣ뿪ʼĪղŸ׶Լ˵ĻΪʲôᵣСӨĴأ¸е̫ˣĲӦһΪ˵㻰
ˣȹɣҰעеȥ칫˾ҵı鷳ˡ
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ڵ˯ȹǵأȣ޳µѩ׼Ҳ̻¶»ԼԼһ˵ѩ鹵ز˯³ŵøͻ
޳ȳƣѩ׹⻬ûһ覴ã۵ɫѪܶɼҪڴϣ֪˻Ѫأԡԭĳ߸̲ͷϣ޳۵Ӿ¶˳һԴƯ˫ƤĴ۾ߒֱıӣԸе˫ԡԭ򣬰ƯҲĨȥ˰ֶׯŵʣһԴĶ˵ı顣
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ԼĿġ
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Ҫ˼ҿЩС˵ʲôأ˼ҲǸŮʿأӽ˵
ʵҲûʲôģҪ§壬һַֻǰ۹⻬ĴϸţӴϵƤְֻлżʵָУĴҲ˵ҵ
СӨ˵
ˣţ£ͻȻ˵
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ţϽֵķ䣬ڳ̣̲Լֽ̣оرгζզأüͷСӨ˵
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ţҾôģԾ͸һһеεĶСӨ˵ΪǰҲ̵ģСӨҪҽҪͲ˯һΪ˳ˣζرУԱΪ飬ҲẒ̌ں̵ֳ£ûġ
Ҹ˵һ¡СӨ˵˳
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ҹæԭʱоЩۣʱСӨԼŵʱ򣬶ģԼҲʱ伸ûظСӨˡ
СӨ߰ϸƲҵڿ棬סѾӲ׶ţ߰ƬȺԸк촽յҵĶߣĵңϹôˣôӲһȣ֪СӨرǿңƽʱׯţ磬ִͳأȴԸ߳Щһܡ
ҲΪϹ֪ܣǾԲ֪ģ˵һׯţɬͻݵıŮˡ
Ϻ˵Ƶԭɣе㲻˼Ķ˵
ϹԺҶҪıһˣȾơСӨͻȻЦŶ˵
СӨߣһǲ̺ܳȾƣӦٺȵ⣬ƽʱǾԲҺȾƵģ̾ӦʱҲܳģԾǳС
ϱʮ֮ǰؼңǲпͻҪӦ꣬ʮ֮ǰؼң˼ӦǳԶٷѣҲôؼңҪʮԺؼңǾˡ
ǾԲҺŮѽ˼Сô࣬ԲнύСĻᣬǰԤ룡ҪͲŮʿˣ˼УЩСϹŹĲãʹϹлС
ԶСӨ˵ϹһҵһŻι̳ãͥͻҸʵһôƯŮʿˣŮĶҲĬĬߡ
ʱСӨߣҵ϶ʱ¶ϲɫţԺҺȵС𣿡˵أСӨĵĿңнץסҵʱбץϵĿܣֻҪһвϱ̫Ҳпܵġ
ţһǺú߰ɣһǷҵĻ룬ЦŶ˵
СӨ˰ץסַһЩֿʼ׶߶ҽЦ˵˾䣺ӿɽҲһҲЦŶ˵ţѵ㻹Ϲҵߣ⼸ҿһֱţղŻ̽ңǲǣϹ˿˻⣬ҪǾ㣬ˣСӨЦĶ˵
˵ģȻʹյƬԸеĺ촽ȥǿҪʱҵ;һֻ۵ƸסˣţôˣȰѵƹˣСӨ˵һ䡣
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˲ŻȻЦŶ˵ţǸסǸڵķ䣬ǿҲûйϵأߣУѵƹˣСӨӱ﷢ĺ֣ҵֱܵ쵽ͷ棬žһ͹˵ƣʱһƬڣ§СӨ壬ʹƬ촽ϣͷҲ̽˴СӨǻУͷһ
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ұǵ˷ܲѣҲӵļӲסزϵҲܵתƵ棬ץס˯ȹȥƾ˳Ź⻬ССڿУȴһƬëȻӲӲĴָм¶ƬСϹ˼¡
ͼСӨȫ˼£ͬʱҲˣ﷢һ
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Ϲָ춯СӨҵͷߣҵĶ߽š
˾ָʼоˮԽԽ࣬ԼƶŪʪˣҲԤ£СӨˣӼǾġ
šϹɣͻȻߴһСӨҵĶС
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ҵѱСӨŪ÷ǳӲˣȲѹ棬иоԼزѹ򣬵Ȼ֪СӨֻ鷿
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Ϲ㡭ִСӨٵ
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ֻʱһɣʪⶴС
ֻСӨüͷһ壬ҧ´ӱ﷢һƵ
Ȼ۽ĲҵĲϡ
ڵķȻСӨϱ飬֪ʱѾܺˣһһɬı飬Ȼļ԰ÿκʱ򶼻¶һɬı顣
ϹҡСӨҵĶ˵ֻܣĻ
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ȻͰֶ𽥵رƵ
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ţװʱҪĸЧǲģӦɣұ˵߰ݺݵĲ˽ȥ
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ڶ죬һ˯ڴϣСӨˣΪÿ춼ҪͣҺͱŮá
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𴲵ʱҵĻҸ𶯵ˣһоͼСӨ˴߳䡣
ֻһʱ䣬ͻȻСӨܻͨ˷䣬ȻٵĹţ󱳿ϣһֲֻͣĴżŵظܺܺ죬ϻ¶ţɬεı顣
ţôˣҼҲһæӴϷ첽ĸǰ
СӨû˵ֻƯ۾ضҿǾźΣϻɬı顣
ţˣҵĵһӦΪСӨͱпóǱʲôˡ
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Ϲϰˣô죿ôѽСӨ˫סεĶŽ˵ģСŮ
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СӨĻԴ˵һ£ϴĻǼۺɫԸеĵ˯ȹѩ׹⻬ļźֱ۶¶⣬гȹ޳ȳƵİ۴ȺСҲ¶⡣
֪ôˣæο˵ţûµģûðֿҪĲλҲ˵ãһ˵СӨͷϵ˫֣Ȼսȭͷ޹Ƶҵôţˣˣ㻹˵֪˼ҸղжΣඪˣΪ𣿡ţô°˫׽סСӨôϵ
˼һ˯𴲣˼ﻹаˣϰԵĴ˯¾ȥ׼ͣ뵽ڲϰˣ˵ôѽôѽСӨ˵ֶ
ôôأ˵ͻȻе»ˣôˣϹСӨҲҵһͿһ䡣
ţ֪Ϊʲô˵ҪϼһҪⷿס𣿡ҶСӨ˵
˼֪ΪʲôѽСӨһ˵
ֲһֱ˵סڼﲻ˵ˣƽʱڼĴŰ˵һС㴩·˵㣬εģ˵סڼﲻ㰡ҰѸΪʲôһֱ˵¸СӨ
㻹˵ںˣˣСӨԹ˵
ѽô뵽һ㴩ô٣ô磬ǾڲأڶĪˣ֪ӦðѸ׵˼СӨˣСӨҲģղû׼ҲֵĴڣҲ֮ˣϹô찡ҿҲεĺܣڶ֪ôˣȥưְɣСӨǲʿܿ侲ʱˡ
һҲеż˵ѾŮˣŻϼңε£֪ôˡ
žͿ߳˷䣬Ͳûף˿ҲûУ͵ķ䣬һǼǸũ˹õ·װ
֣ʲôѽҿŸ׹ڴϣ·һһķŽ棬һ˻صϼҵũ壬Ź¶ӣûһˣҵ۾һ죬˳
ֻǻϼȥɣͱȴˣ̧ͷһۺֵͷ߰·װڰ߶˵
ڸ̧ͷҵһ˲䣬ҿĴƣڽУԲø׻صϼũȥٹŹ¿ӣͱܵĴܵ׵ĸǰһ˸İȻ󼤶ĶԸ˵֣ӾԲٻȥģѰ֣ĲȥˣҲǺܼĶ˵лż
İͻȻȥˣͼæһ·ڴϡ
֣Ƕ侲ú̸һ̸𣿡ʱƽһԸ˵
ûʲô̸ģǼҪϼȥģڴ˵
֣ͲΪ֪һӵĴʱ𣿡ֿʼе㼤
֪飬Ҳ飬ǰϼˣͲҪŰˣ׵ĿǺܼ
֣ҾҪ㣬ԲȥˣЩ·Ȱ㱣ܰɣ˶ʱͳ嶯˵߰Ѵϵļ·˹Ҫ׷ڴϵǼ·ʱͼ˫ֽץס²ߣϻһ־źεı飬ͻȻʹ˹·ͱˡ
ͬʱҲסˡ
ҲסˣϸӵľźΣҶŸ׵ĿɿҲ¶˾Ⱥεı飡ԭ׵Ŀɴһҽ鶼ˣŮˣȻ׸׿ĴʲôˣܲҾȺ𣿷˲ʱͱ÷ǳſڽĿŸ׿ϵ
װϻһֿɬεı顣
һ󣬸̧ͷЦ˼ºǳεĶ˵㶼˰ɣ֪ΪʲôҪϼ˰ɣ˸׵˵ŴӾ˹һӦǷŭǳķŭ׾ȻСӨŵ˯ȹİ壬ϵķӦ˵˼ϵĲҲǶСӨĲ죡ǳߣҵĸףѻȭȥˡ
⵽Ϊʲôһ侲Ϊ뵽ĶСӨĻΪʲôڶҪϼأСӨļأӦʲôɣԻ˵
ʵҲ֪Ϊʲôӵģ㶼֪ˣҲˣҲЦ֣ʵֲǼӨŻӵģǲܼǸŮˣֻҪ·ٵģ־ͻӵģѾŰֺüˣʵҲǺʹģ㿴ӡվҲվ¶ۡʹ˵š
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һڳͣҾͿŮȥ׶԰ٰСӨ͵ĵλԺȻͿֻص˼ңѸ͵ҽԺ



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ҼЩţͺ죬Ľţʸֲʲôʱʼģ׸˵ǰҲҺСӨ꣬ϼҹμҺСӨĻصϼҺͷԼֲ
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ҼСӨôĸףҲܸжôңôĸףһʵǲҪѸ׵ĹֲСӨʱ㲥ͽе׵ĺΰҵˣҼæ΢СӨȲˣеˣҪ׽ˡ
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ɵСӨҵִĶͷϴ˵һʢʱᱩģ˵ǲǶʱը
ɣӶˣҲûб˻ЩţûеĶСӨ˵
ϹûбΪһֱϼң룬ũŮǸԸУھͲһˣڴԸеŮСӨ˵˵ȥˣΪԼǸŮһʱᱩըĶʱըסһСӨȥ
ɫԽԽСӨ˵ûҪǰ·ϿһԸеŮһƲס鷳ˣû׼ǿ鷸أתһСӨɫҲǺܳأ˼ʲôҪ⡣
˺һСӨڿ˵ˣϹĿǰҪ취ѰڵǹʢͷųҪĻΣյģţҲôģҵİ취ˣڶԼͷˡ
СӨ¶ߺı˵ֻð취ˣţҲģô˼԰ֿأ¶ɫ˵
ӵĲڣѵҪϱڣСӨһۣȻû˵
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˵ʲôأСӨߺݺסҵֱۣߺһ˵
ţȷ֣أʹĽ
㻹ҲҺ˵СӨϾҵģ˵žͷſˣȻͶ˵ȥ˵֪𣿡ţҾΪɣ֪ҲԸ˵ûб˶Ը˵ˡ
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ţ͵ҸأҲСӨ
ɵжʱըһؼܰȫ𣿡СӨµһ죬ɬ˵
ţ𰡣㻹ǺһؼҰɣûµģֲܶĶϱģЩ˷
˵ֲܶĶϱ仰ʱҾȻеļ



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СӨÿ˯ҵĻ˯ϰˣһ˵ĸҹ˯ţֱҵһȴ˵ջǺһص˼
ǽײڿĴ£ûмף͵СӨ˵ţֿڷ˯ˡ
СӨŶһͻķȥˡ
֪СӨе¼ˣԻطĲЩ١
ڿɳϣ˼˺һ¶ģ˸׷ſڣš
ûأɣ׵ӷڴ˳
ƿţûпƣʵ֣ô˯ѽ˵űǽϵĿذһ£ʱѾڴϣֹš
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ߣԲ˫ĿעŸףڵϲ˴ƣеһʹôĸףֶ˵ôᷢأ֣ǻ̸һ̸ɣ𣿡ʸס
Ҫǻϰ飬ǾûҪ̸ˣ׿ڴϣɫеѿ
֣İɣҲҪϰˣҶԸ˵
ˣɫԵЩÿңҰ̸ʲô֣ҡһѹڵǹͷųЩεĶԸ˵
ôͷţҡ
֣ҽԺҽ˵㲻һԣŪɶģұ߿ŸףĶ˵
ţȥϰ󣬰ҲҲһˣ׵˵ͷ˵
˶ʱޱȵϲæ֣ûУֶûӲô԰Ƶһ죬ǳεĶ˵
˸׵ĻҲǷǳΣ϶˵ǰֵӲŶ˵궼е˼飬Լô˵ֻأתһ룬Ϊðֱһһ᲻ϧһдۡΪȥ磬ǰһʺһİҸˣûа֣ûڵң
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ȷ˸׵˼ǳĳأ˵ӲǸ𣿵ҽ˵йкģ˵ѸڵǹʢͷųСӨ˵һһŶʱըġ
ڰӲҲԲָܲŪһжǸĩ֪
ü޵ľ취øӲһµܲŪŪǾˡ
뵽ͶԸ˵֣Ȱ˯ɣ취һصԼķ䣬СӨѾϴڴˣϴŵ˯ҲҪЦǽһûмСӨ˯µģΪϴŵ׳䳤˯£ʵʵ
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ҡҡͷͽϴͳˣֻһڿ㡣
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ȻңϹղҰ˵𣿡˾Ͱһֱ۲ϣ¶ıӦţ˵ˣͬˣСӨʡ
ͬͬˣǡ˵žͣСӨ
ѽҪֵ˼θڣ˵˵СӨ˵
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Ϲ˵ʲôأСӨԵúܾȣ̧˫ĿضҿʶƵġ
ҾͰѸղڸ׷ĵ¶˵ˣ˵ҸеԼѾӲĲˣһСӨƨϡ
Ҷ֪⵽ʲôԭֻҪһ뵽СӨԸе˯ڸ׵ǰҾͻƲסĳ嶯
СӨ˵ĻӢԽԽ죬ҧҧ´˵ϹҴԸе˯հ𣿡
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䣬ͻȻ˵ϹôԽԽأţҲûа취°Ҷ˵
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ŰɫͷѾúӲˣѩ׵鷿֮£ԵرĿ
ѩϸΧƽ̹⻬СһƬںڵëëǺܶ࣬ȴ룬һƬ
۵ںڵëʱʱ֣ˣ鰵ɫĴҲϸëС¶⣬мһ˵е߷ֿ¶ʪʺ⣬ˮѾŪʪˡ
޳ȳƣ۹⻬ĴȺСȽһ𣬿ȥرջˡ
ҵֻ۾ֱĶŴ߾ѩ壬ȻܾСӨ壬һ̲ס¿ˮΪСӨ̫ˣţ߷رزֻᒴ鷿ر޳ȳƵȣҿһҲԻῴġ
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ϹĳƽʱִҮСӨϲ˵ס׶š
ϲ𣿡ҼСӨңеԺΪҵӡУСӨûпġ
ţϲϹɣСӨѾǵȲˣΪѾȣˡ
˾ͰѹϣǰؽؼѹסСӨزϵֻᒴ鷿Ҳ֮Ҷײš
СӨֿʼ쵽ҵĿ䣬סǣȼϡ
ҾͰƨѹȥͽ֮СҺСӨôģĶ긴һ꣬ոһգÿѹʱͻסҵǣϣȻҾ˳ưƨѹ¡
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ǵĵһƣڶƾҰֱ֮䣬˫ѹס۹⻬Ĵڲ࣬гš
ǳƣûеˣĲٵˡ
ҲСӨԱƣǶСӨܾˣ棬Ҳǲͬģ˵ʲôģ˵ҵļˣСջҲһµģҪ޹ж࿴һۣᱻ۾ġ
һ棬ûͬ⣬˵Ҫģ˵ſڴҴӺˡ
ڶʱûʲôȤǲ̫ġ
ȻСӨĿ԰ҲһʿԼƻʿĳƺŰɣܾһ΢һҪ󣬻ôıء
ʱѹѩϣͣĒƨɿʼš
ϹѵƹˣСӨס˵
ţֿͿŰɣұ߶ţ߶˵
Ҫ˾ǣСӨ۾һɡ
ұ۾ɵ˿ûзأ쵽ͷϵĿһʱһƬڡ
Ϲ찮ҡСӨƹˣֻź۱߲ҵĲϣ߽˵
˾ͿʼʹĒƨɳšϹðôôִ˼Һ졭ٿһ㡭ˬϹ˼ҰˡСӨϵӲĶˡ
ҵõСӨĿ佱͸Ŭƴ˶šӺְֱ֮䣬˫ѹסȵڲ࣬֒ƨɿʼҸеƵʹͷųڵСӨﵽС߳



ھ СӨ
ڶϣ̫˷ܵԭ򣬺СӨʱȻƽʱã֪ۻ˵ԭǱʲôԭ򣬾Ȼ˯ͷƽʱߵģ˵ȥ˾ϰ࣬ȴߵʮСӨҲûкңҼæ𴲣ŻŵĽϴҲСӨӰ׷ҲǹŵģĲЩ֣ƽʱϰ𣬽ô˻ڷ˯أ
ƵʱյСӨһ΢ţϹûУҼæعȥţȥˣôأСӨع˵ϹˣϿ˯ô㣬ͲĽ㣬˯һᣬҾһȥλˣڷ΢Ÿ㣬㵢ϰʱ䣬֪ͨģҿ΢ź󣬲ôˣͷ΢ŸСӨ˵ţԭҸո𴲣㣬һأԭȥλˣûʱˣҵøϽȥλˡ
СӨع˵ðɣϹݰݣպֻʱѾҶ룬æŹİҴææ뿪˼ңȥ˾ϰࡣ
˵СӨİ칫Ϲ΢ţͰֻڰ칫ϣʱ۵ʱѾԴΣ˫ĿڶԼ糿Ȼ顣
ʱɫһ־Ŵҵı顣
ڰ칫ǰԥ˺þãҧҧ´¶ʲôһִ򿪷ڰ칫ϵıʼǱԣͿʼϹҴﵽ˱еĸ߳󣬾ȥϴ˸裬ÿ갮ҪϴһϰߣҪ˯žģǸܰɾˣȵĽԡ
ϹԵر˷ܣҲرļӲִϹͻȻô˷ܣҲرļӲִʹҸеο
ʵѾ֪Ϲе̬ϲźͱȣͻеǳĴ̼˷ܡ
һ֪ϹΪʲôôϹҪҴԸ˯ðֿһµԭʹϹеرĴ̼˷ܣԲŻô
ʵ⼸ϿһɫС˵ұС˵д̼ڸסˣÿϾ̲סĻֻϿⱾ˸е̼С˵֪ǸʿƷʶҿɫС˵Ҫñ֪ˣҶʲôǰϹڵϹʱ̲סֻ㱻ϹˣʱҲһҺϹû׷ȥȥ˱Ϲֵĺ
ⱾС˵дһϹϲŸɫϵ㡣
ҿҲеǳĴ̼һŮʿԭɣҰҵװγɶׯţԸҲͳأ˾һׯţɬľִͳصŮʿ
ʵǼģⶼһܣϹ֪еˣʱҪ任ƣҾܾˡ
ʵҲʮֿԼЩ˵ƣұϾŮʿҲϹǰʧ棬ڳЩ˵ƣϹΪǸôŮˡ
ʵϹһׯţɬͻݶִͳصӣҲҵϹǰٵ
һֱϹŴͳơ
ɫС˵Ӧ죬Ϲı̬ҾȻûָһеرĴ̼ԼС˵еŮǣͱĴ̼龰
зϹְãҵĪĸе˷ܣҪԼС˵еŮͱӦǺܴ̼ģϹҴԸ˯¸ԼĹȻҾ͸еر˷ܣֳܱأǰϹˣҿɲԼŮʿ״һ
Ϲ˯ˣȴʧˣôҲ˯ţȫǹӰԼŰԸ˯³ڹĸǰ϶ܴ̼ġ
һҹ˺ܶ࣬ùӲʹͷųڵΪɣҲ¶ĵڶ糿Ըе˯ùһ¡
ҲɣһΪϹҪ󣬶Ϊ˹ָ
ڶ죬ոеҾˣľҵǳĽţҲٵţҲ÷̣뷨ˣ뵽Ϲİ󣬹ĻָԼеĴ̼СĴϹĻ˴ͽ䣬վھǰϵı˯ͳֺֻСڿңĸеԺҶԼǳţеԼϳֺһСڿ⣬ȫر¶⣬ģϵļʤѩ⻬ϸ壬ûһ覴ãѩ׹⻬ĻԲźİֱۣѩ޳ķ۾ֱסԼزϵֻᒴ飬γмһ鹵
ѩ׹⻬ĶƤµĶ꣬ϸΧڿ̫СԭԽ׹⻬СҲ¶һ롣
޳ȳƵѩ״ȡ
һ˵壬ԼˣҪ˵ϹѹϹÿοҵʱͻ۷ֱĿң̲סھһЦ˶˵ЦرĺÿʱҲ֪˵ĻģΪھпԼЦĺܺÿ̲ס¶һܰЦǵĻȣôλ
ֻֽ֣ѩ׷ᒴֱͷųɫͷѩ鷿Ķ⴦Ŀ
Сڿ㣬ѩ׹⻬СһƬǳںë֮϶γ˵״رۣҲˡ
Ѿվľǰ棬˵ʹԼ̲סİѳתһȦҸзǳ⡣
һԼ󣬾ʹһǳɫֺڿ㣬ٴǵ˯ȹ
׼߳ʱҵĺܿ죬ǳĽţһظȻҧҧ´߳䣬վſڿ˿ڴ˯ϹץסŰѣһšžͿˣһ˳ﻹе㰵ұܵؿ˿ķ䣬Ϊķҵǰһģмֻһǽҵķź͹ķֻס
ķŽعرţҲһ֪Ӧû˯ɣǰĿȥ
ʱ֪˯ԭɣһľҲûУƽʱû֮ǰȻɡ
ƿĲţҽʱ˶ˣҺæס͡
ֻڳ棬沣ſıߣڴ򿪱ʲôɣ˽ͱܵתһֻһ¶¶ȵĵ˯ȹʱҲˣ쳣ȵؿҡ
Ҿ͸˵ˣ˶ɵסˣſڽĶŹ֪룬Ҳӳɵɵվڹĸǰ̻¶鷿ѩ׵ļװ۵ֱۣ޳ѩ׵Ĺ⻬ȺСȡ
סֻͣ۾ԲԲĿŹһŵľȱ飬ֹһӴһ񣬻æ˫סĿɡ
Һ͹סˣǵȫǾȵı飬ǹȿ˵㡭ôôѽ˵ŴӾ˹ʱɬͨܵķӦתӳ֮ǰȻԹ˵ôһ仰ҪϹ֪ɵĵ˵ͷҲſٵӳ˳䣬СžͿǰŻŵĿ˷ų˽ȥ֪ˣȻǹķ䣬ʱɬҪæ˳ƿԼţѸٹϷţδĿڷϣͷſʼŲͣظܿϣϹ˯Ҳ˿ҪϹ֪͵͵¶¶ȵĵ˯ȹҵŮʿͻһ
ȻϹҴҹ˼棬ûдӦ͵͵ȥʾȫһˣϹ֪ǻˡ
Ҹе˼ǣӳ֮ǰҾȻԹ˵ôһ仰ѾǺĪҵʱô˵ĻأҪϹ֪ԺԼ͹ж˸ܣܾҺ͹֪ҵϹ֪ԽԽɬԺô͹סһͷ̧ͷϹͻȻҾδӣæ˷űߵ䣬˼˺һƽ𹫹ղڳ俴ҵһ˲䣬ĿһӴһģô񰡣ҶʱĪͨôˣô𹫹ĴأһΪϱԼԼ
ʱҵ˵ģеȺ̣æϴ̨ϵˮͷսϴ̨˫ְˮӵزϴš
ϵȺ̲𽥵ʧˡ
䣬һ·ڻױ̨ǰžԼһԴľͣԴΣ˫Ƥ۾ߒֱıӣԸеı촽
һͷںڱֱ糤
ҶԼҲʮŵģҲ˵󻰣ƾ͸ģŮʿݣֻҪԼԸ⣬ûκһ˻ܾҵģҵôˣϹôңôЩ߰أԻһױվ߳ʱʱסˣڲڳ߻ˣ뵽ط䣬Ҷʱ˹Ĵ񣬶ԣһطˣǹӦϹģֻҪӲ˾ͻġ
ڲ֪ôˣܲŪֲȥʹ
ұ߳˷䣬ܵؿ˿ķǽŵģͻȻղŽ䣬ӹ˳ʱźûйϣʱˣ˵Ѿطˡ
ָеһᷢķű˴ˣϹ˯ûбˣǲǻỳΪʲôķţ뵽ֿʼͷօֲټ뷨ˣҪ̫ˡ
֪Ϲˣ˯ĺҾֱȥλȥͣ˹ǻˣ˵Ϲ͵͵˯ùˣܾöԲϹϹҲеεģҾûнͣطȡֱ뿪˼ңŵߵٷ΢ŽϹٵ
С棬̯λǺܶ࣬²һλԣڰ칫ҵİ칫ǰ߳㣬Ϸ飬ҲϵϹ֪ŹҲϹģ͵Һ͹һܰɣ



ʮ ԸеСӨ
˯ԭҽڹ˾ԵرĺãͷϵĹʮˣСӨһȥλϰ࣬Ҳǽٳֹ£ԼûСӨϰܸ࣬оЩΣó΢ŸСӨ˹ȥţæ𣿡СӨϻ˹Уʲô𣿡ҶСӨ˵Ҳûʲô£ûȥλùⲻȥţ̰˯ԭ㲻ҰɣСӨ˵Ϲôأûأ㲻ö
Ǿ˻죬͵Էʱ䣬ڹ˾ʳó˷ذ칫ҳʱڵϵ㿪ҳ˻ѯĽдĶʹŽдԽʤԽȵǴţƭ˵ġ
һŸҲĲϰˣôŬҲ޹ģ͹˻ڰٶѯĸ֣ȥжҽѡһλʮŮҽĿ϶Со顣
ã𣿡ҷһȥ
ãأʲôҪѯ𣿡Էܿͻ˹
첻֪ô£һ뵽źҵĸһҾرĸе˷ܣ˵ֲ𣿡ֱ
Ҳʲôƽʱ㰮˵̫ģİ˺ͱһͻеر˷ܺݼԷ˵
ôأҼæ
ȥӰ쵽Ƿ޸ģ֮䲻гΪӦҲ;סһֱӵӰ죬ֻҪסԼͿˣ֪ˣллҽ˺죬ȻϰϰԼô죿ѯʦĻסԼأǼȥԼӲȺͳ־þ֤ԼƲסԼﻹܿСӨ͸һ
ҿϰϣ˺ܾãһһ˳Ȼˣ°ʱ䣬ҿСӨλӹȥ׶԰ʱСӨңĸȥӵģ˯ĸҡ
ҾͶСӨ˵ţָӴӴ֣һͱܣϹڰôѵ֪𣿻ǵȰȶ˵ɣСӨ˵Ĺ˼
ҲԣڸøȶĿǰü޵ôøǶӲײķʽڵǹʢͷųأţ˵öԣøȶǵ취øӲ˵žͿСӨȫǰ
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ʱĪĽСӨˣܵģɳվҺСӨķ䣬뷿ʱСӨվſڡ
ҽˣֻ۾ݺݵصһۣ񶼿ðˣҲʱ˵Ҳǻ˵ġ
ҼСӨ⸶Ҫ˵ģĸе˿£ŵ඼ҪˣǳСĵţôˣԼȥСӨָװͰ͵Ķ˵
ұܵĽ䣬һûзʲô쳣ͶԸҽСӨ˵ţʲôûʲôⰡʱСӨָһͰ˵ԼΪͰǷϴ軻·
ҿһۣͰտյģʲôҲûУɻСӨ
ͽϻº¶ͰģôһҲˣ˵ô£СӨĶ˵
˷ǳ𾪣һӦǼҺСӨǸˣѵСӨ¡뵽ﶼȥ
˵⵽ô£СӨˣʵյĺˡ
ţȥʣæ˵ȴĸеôϱ¿أһתͿ첽߳䣬׻ڲƷƣһð𣬵ǿѹסеɻѹʸף֣ǲȥҷ䣿ţôײΪȻ˵
еĻ͸ˣûСӨϴ軻·ˣôˣ׻ǲΪȻ˵һҡ
¿ɲҪ̲סеĻˣ뻹˵֣СӨ·ŶҲţԾҵͰѼҪϴ·ҳϴˣڿ·Ҳȥϴˣ̨أôˣʲô𣿡˵žҡ
ûûʲô⣬ʣ֣ȣ˸׻еĻ˲ʱʧӰˣ˵ͻص˷䡣
ҽ뷿䣬δҿ˵СӨȲңǲõģǵġ˵˳
Ҿ֪õģ㿴˵Ƕʱըʱᱩģڱ˰ɣ߶ϱ·˵ôôСӨ˾һǹƵ˵һѻ
ţȱ𼤶·ǰõģǰ˵ڼҲţЩͰѼ·ҳϴˣ·ҷ·Ҳȥϴˣڶ̨ءҰѸ׵Ļԭⲻ˵СӨ
СӨ˾һ£ȻҲȥߵͨ죺йϴϱ·һ¿㣡°Щԣ⻹ǺõģҶ԰˵һ£ԺͲҪ·ϴˡæСӨ˵û
СӨҲˣϴϴˣʲô취أֻǸоԼùϴˣľ̫ˡ
رԼڿ㣬滹Լ֭ʱСӨԽԽΪ飬žµͨ
ȴĪЩ˷ܡ
Ͱһ˵¹ȥˣϣԺҪٷƵ£ȻȻһ԰˵ģæͷĶСӨ˵
ɱˣûĹġ
ʰûУСӨҡ
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ǺðɣԺðʰˣСӨ˵˳
֪СӨΪ˵ֻڳʱͼСӨüͷ壬һӰÿγԷ̫ˣе㲻ˡ
ټϸϴСӨ£СӨŻ˵ԶøʰĻ
ҪСӨģøġ
ţʵ־ô˼һֱ˵Ժʰģ˳СӨĻ˵ΪϾﲻ
ŶˣϹȥ̨ϵ·ҪϴˣСӨָֻŵĶ˵
ǸЩСӨԼ£ڶָʾˡ
¶Ц˵ţϳȥá˵Ҿ߳䡣
СӨұı飬߳ˣ̲סЦ
ȥ̨·ʱ򣬼ѾԺˣʰϵ롣
Ҳûк˵·ֱӻطȥˡ
СӨڷӹ·Ϳʼ·úͷ¹
ȻҪ¿ϴȥˡ
Ҿǰ£򿪵׼Ϊڹ˾ϰĲɵģ˺ö飬Ҫȥ׻ڲʰء
һ̸Ҳһġ
ҰЯu̲ϣͿʼҵ
ʮӺСӨʹϴһ׷ۺɫ̿˯£¶źİֱѩ׹⻬ıֱСȡ
ļֱǸ·ӣܴʲô·Եúÿʡ
СӨڵǰڹûдңֱϴóֻ֪ڿʲôڵϹ˵࣬ŸӦûطˣͷϵĹĲˣ͹˵ԣȡu̡
ȻվڴϵСӨ˵ţҳȥҰ̸һ¡
СӨ֪Ҹ̸ʲô£Ҳ̸֪·ǳҪԼϴǼ¶tһţж̿㣬¶źİֱۺ޳ȳƵѩȣڲҴȻ¶˵㣬ǿ£ƽʱҲԴȥģԸе˯ȹȫͬԵڲϹʱû̫ɬƽʱֱ࣬ӽ˳䣬װźȻڳæµţ֪ڲվŵĹһֱ͵͵ؿңʱеһЩź˷ܣΪǶʱըһƲסǿô죿뵽ǿңҾȻеر˷ܣͬҲоԼȼ˽Ҳʪˣ˲ʱߵͨ죬ﰵԼôԼĹϹĸ׻ᶯأҴӳʱڲ빫ʱ͵͵һ۹Ŀɣ˲ʱ͸еǳɬΪѴһ˲ʱͷǳĽţһƲסǿԼ죿ԽԽ£æ첽ӳصԼķ䡭



ʮ ʳ޽
߳˷䣬׵ķţš
ûɣ׵ӷڴ˴
ǵø׵ˣһ仰ž˽ȥ
ֻ״ͷϵĵƻţǱȽϰҲã͸̸ֶ˵Ļ⣬ƹ⻹ǰһĺãÿŶԷΡ
Ұ𣿡ûڣ׾Ϳˡ
֣ǻ̸̸ɣߵԲ
ţ֪ϻҰ̸ģ׾Ȼ֪ˡ
˺ܾȣ֣ô֪һ̸ģȻʮˣ廹׳أ۲üأ˵
֣˵ʲôأôûأ˵Ļûס
ǲӲһӨŴôԸе·ðֿĶԲԣ˵žҡ
Һܾȣ̫ˣҲµóԾЩεĵԸ˵֣Ȼ㶼³ˣûأˣ˵˳
Ū𣿡ؼʱ̣ҵҲȫҲš
ûУ׿Ц˵
ôأĶˡ
ֶŪһСʱˣҲŪ֪Ϊ˰˵ʾ֭ĺܸл㣬ǻ˰ɣ¾ɣԺҲٽӨ·ֿˣðܣҲΪӨˣӨǸŮˣһٶãúõش֪𣿡֣֪ģģһ취ڵǹŪģһǲĶԸ˵
ˣͺúϰٰ࣬Ѿڰְֵˣ˵ž̾һ
֣ԺͱϴСӨ·ˣĸϱϴ·ҲʵģҪû£Ͱҵ·ϴ˰ɣԸ˵
ţ֪ˣеεص˵ͷ
ˣ֣ǲ˵ˣҽСӨһȥ˲ֻ㿴ҡ˵žʹӿڴóСӨһֻݸס
׼ҲԵúܸˣӹֻͷҾͰ򵥵ļõĹܸ˸ס
׺ܴҼ򵥵˵һ¹ܣܼס
Ҳˡ
ͻȻ뷨׻΢žͺˣԺҺ͸̸Щ˽ܵĻ⣬΢̸ˣ̸ôΣϾ΢̸Է־ͺˣԾʸֻϻ𣿸ҡҡͷ˵ᣬҲԤ֮е£ײŶСѧ
Ҿʸǻд𣿸׵˵ͷ˵ᣬ˾͸еˣдͿˡ
ֻϱ΢ˣҾ͸һ΢źţȻҺСӨ΢ӵ׵΢ź棬ҵѾɣСӨĻֻϵһ֤ͬͿԡ
ȻҾͽ̸ô΢ţһЩд˵ġ
˸еܺ棬ѧҲ棬ҽĶѧˣһ΢Է˼Ρ
Ҿø׶ѧˣ߳˸׵ķ䣬˲ʱ¶صı飬ôŪأô죿ѵҪٴ̼ףе˷ܣͻŪˣҴӸ׷صԼķ䣬ڴϵСӨһصĺˣ̸Ĳ˳ңϹͰ̸ôˣվſھ˵һ䣺ϴ˵˵žͽϴصϣСӨߡ
صԭûаСӨ§ڻͰڴϰһ˫ںϡ
ϹСӨϾǸƽŮˣʱҲӾͰҵϡ
ϰԵİںϵһֱ۷°СӨ§ڻ
ϹǲǺͰ̸Ĳ˳СӨң߰һװ۵ֱ۴ҵظϣٰһ޳ȳƵѩҲŴҵ˫ϡ
زʵķᒴ鷿Ҳѹزࡣ
šӦһ
ǡŪ𣿡СӨеɬʡ
ΪѾ׿˴ġ
˵ŪһСʱҲŪʵСӨ˵
ôأСӨЩ죬Ҳеȣ˵ǶôһСʱҲŪأҲ֪ܻ׼ӵ̼ɣû׼˷ܵľͳˣҲ˵ġ
Ϊ֪кܶԼһ򲻳ҪŮ˰һͻġ
˵⣬СӨǸŮˣǲʿȻ˵Ļˣֻŵһ죬Ϲɱ˼ҵ⣡ҸûһٴСӨ⣬Ҳ˵ġ
һСӨô˵һԾˣæСӨ˵ˣţа취𣿡ûУСӨɴ˵
Ǹղ˵ұ⣿Ӧа취Ŷٲôô˵أҼæ׷ȥ
˼Ҳ˵˵СӨɫԽԽ졣
ǣţһа취ģҺܿ϶ĶСӨ˵
ûУСӨָɴ˵һ䡣
šұĺһֻŰĿ⿴СӨ
ǡŮ˵ְðָе̼һ˷ܣû׼ˡСӨҰĿ⣬ĵͺ쳣ɬ˵˳
ҴӸ׷ʱˣͬʱҲ뵽ܲСӨһԣͷһ˲ǲܵ¡
ʱСӨ˵ҵĪͷʱĻŭţͬʱ˷ܵĸоԼҲжˣ˷ܶСӨ˵ţ˵ǣǸð취ʲôð취Ǹɧ⣬СӨ˸Ц˵
ţҲֻܰæˡ쳣˷ܵضСӨ˵
ϹûհɣСӨǰƵƴҶͷȻҡ
ûа˵˳
ûзô˵λأСӨһ˵
ţû˵λģҪΰҵæ±ţʹʱǳضСӨ˵ȫǰı顣
ҲŲҪ±ţʹأҾҪⱲӣСӨЦŶ˵
ţͬˣ̲סĿϲæ˷ܵ
ѽϹûô֡СӨû˵Ļұ˵ϥĦ˼ҿﲻ֪ʲôʱļӲ
Ҹе죬ôÿκСӨ˵׵£Ҿͻر˷ܣҲĪ
¶εĶСӨţҲ֪ô£͡أСӨ̾һǳԼϹҲû˵ΰɣֻ̾һ
ţǲˣ֪Լ֪СӨҲ֪ҵԼСӨ̾һΪء
ϹôأҺܰ㣬ôأ㲻ҪϹ밡СӨǰο
ҡôᡭƲסԼأţʵǲİ𣿻Ʋ𣿡ұ鸴ӵĸСӨš
Ϲûй㣬ҲƲ㣬ҲǸ˵кܶ˶ģֲǾֻһˣģСӨ֪е㲻ģȴ˵˵Ҳ֪ɫС˵ڰοңŻô˵
ţĲңƲ𣿡Һܼ
ţģСӨ˵ͷ˵
ţģԽҾԽ㣡ҲĻϹ֪ģСӨγ֪أԽˣرİԼţΪС˵Ҳ˶رԼţҲѯҲô˵ġ
ʵСӨҲЩϲϹģܾرĴ̼ϹرԼ˵ʱϹĶôӲˣⲻԼҪ𣿡ţܴܲӦҰæһû˵꣬СӨ˵ҿһ°ɣһ°ɣСӨ˵꣬ѾܺˣҵȻСӨ˼ʱ͸ӵ˷ţֻҪӦˣھΪţ˵Ҿͽ§סСӨ壬;ʹСӨϡ
СӨҲƻ㱧סңҡ
һĻ֮СӨﵽ˸߳Ҳõ㣬Ȼͻ§˯ˡʱѾ˺ü죬ҺСӨϰ࣬°࣬Ҳǳеһм£ˣʰ䣬أղϴ·ȻСӨ·⣬ʱϰʱҲ͸΢ļ䡣
ʹСӨŵĸоҲϰˣͺñȼ˸ӶƵģԸ˵ĻҲ𽥶ʱҲ͸׿Ц
Ȼ⼸СӨڼﶼһֱűص·Ҳûг嶯һֱȶ
ֱһ죬ϰ࣬յ˸׵һ΢ţʹ⼸ƽֿʼƽˣ΢Ÿң˵г˵ʱ򣬿һŷǳԸеŮˣˣסɲ֪룬εҪͽһֳصСſڣſɻصκǰĲһȻĸСʱҲҲŪ˺ܾãŪһʹķǳܣڶ֪ôˣ֪Ժ󣬷ǳĽţһʱ뵽ľҪҪѸҽԺȥҲСӨ︸ͷͷһôСӨͬҲܻŪģ֪ͬͬء
õİ취ǰѸҽԺȥ
СӨ˵绰׵СӨҲŻˣǼǵͻȻʿڼʶһλҽϽڣһǸרңϵ룬˵ȸ绰ѯһ¡
ҲееڶҽԺǸҽ˵˵ˣѯһǸϽڣϾǸרҡ
ͬСӨ绰ѯһϽڡ
СӨҵϢȲż
ҹ˵绰ڰ칫ܲҪǲرܣǲҵģڸڼﲻ֪ôˣʱļ٣ʱֻڵϣҲȫСӨϢˡ
ڰ칫ҽŵĿ˰СʱСӨŴ绰ҼæżϽô˵СӨȱ𼱣Ŀǰġ
ȻСӨͿʼ˵˴绰ѯϽڵ¡
СӨͨϽڵĵ绰Ѹ׵ϽڣСӨ˵ĸѵҽԺǸҽȫǸεҽô᳤ܻûлԭ򣬻ʹ׼ԸеŮԾͻ嶯أǲܵ¡
˵ٷְһֽ޽ֲֲżԳԶ״нģǳڳֲСӨ˵ĸڵˣԸеԾͻƲסԼģǸҽ˵һǶԵģҪйûˣΪ޽ֲԷǳңڳҲΣյģÿηҪй˵סûзйΪ׵ǿ׳ҲᶨҪø׷й
СӨ׵ϼʲôطСӨɽ
Ͻھ͸Ӱٷְٿ϶ķΪ޽ͳɽ
ڵ绰СӨĻ󣬲ŻȻ򣬺Ǹҽˡ
ҲǵģôǸҽĻСӨǸʿҲһǸҽҲǣҺСӨϾ˽ⲻ࣬ƽʱֺЩҽĻҺСӨûо¾˳ҽĻˣŻŵġ



ʮ СӨί
СӨڸô죿СӨ˵еµĶ˵ڿ°ˣȥ˵ңұż궼ˣµģ°໹һСʱҲĵĸ״˸绰ôģ˵Ǹӣȴұ𼱣ٹû׼ģҲϰˡ
˲һҲû֮ǰôżˡ
ȵ°ʱ䣬ҿСӨλӹڳֲϵСӨϽڵĻŲСӨ˷ǳϽǺҽרң˵ҪǲŽҲǲЩѧˣҲŮʿˣǿѧᣬҪſѧ
Ҷ˵Ҳļԭһʱ˵ˣԭ¡
СӨЦصض˵ϽڵĻŲţ»ؼ֪ˣ⻰ҵģҵȻ֪ˣСӨңСӨ˵Ҫҵģ˵ڲǶһɽڵĳͷҲˡ
ôڵֻ취ðַй£СӨеĶ˵
ţʲô취𣿡Ҽæ
취£СӨ˵һ䡣
ţа취룬ˣˣţ㿼ǵôˣ˵žͻȻ
СӨֻЩ죬ûлشҡ
Ҳ׷ȥˡ
˼Ҿͼȥ׵ķ䣬СӨҶ˵һȥɣҷǳȵţֲǲ֪һԿƲסô죿СӨЦЦ˵ϹͷİɣϽ˵ˣֵǳᶨҪǰûļᶨģͱ˸ָǿ鷸ץȥˣҲǣͷСӨһ˸׵ķ䡣
ֻڴϣűӣƵ¶ʹı飬ͷϻЩˮҼ۾һ죬Ҫˡ
СӨҲǳĵ䡣
֣ھôˣߣԲϣץסһֳֻϼ֣ޱȹĵ֣ھôˣСӨһֱվڴǰû˵üͷ֪࣬ʲôӨˣԲŶҲܸȻԼԾˣȰֱˣٸԣûֱӻҵĻ˵һǵĻ
͵˳ס׳ϼ֣ǳĺһ֡СӨҲֹסӿ˳߰תȥһֻֽԼıӺͣ۾ˮͣ˳Ҳʹ¶һ²ľģû£̾ͺˣҲսҵ֣˵ֿתȥ󱳳СӨ΢ĳ鴤ţͶ˵ӨҲѹûµģȥ綼Ѳˣռ°һܶˣȥɣСӨ˸ӵˣۿֹסĵ˳΢ĳ˵֣˵ˣ˸׵ĻҲˣڶѾˣޱغһ˵֡ǲԼãǾͿˣɵӣģͺˣ׿ܱǶĥķǳܣʹıӲǼһ˿Цݶ˵
֣һ취ģұᣬ߰οŸס
ʱСӨӹڼϵĿóֽ˲ϵˮȻתóֻҳһƬߣֻݵ׵ǰ֣ʶƬϵֲ𣿡СӨĻ䣬׶ûüҼæսһֻСӨֻϵƬһֲҶӡ
ʱϸһͲΪȻ˵ʶϼҺɽȫֲСӨ˵һסʵ֣гֲ𣿡аּҶ̵۵ģ;ժųأóԵģ׶СӨ˵
СӨ˻̲סĲһ£Ͻ˵һ㶼û־ǳԳڳ޽Żʹӵġ
ţʲôѽҼСӨֲݵ׿
СӨæ⣬ٰѸ׵ķĹϣͶ˵ϹֻϵƬϽ˵޽ʵһֲƬϽҵģҸְֿʶֲϽ˵ľûˣھʮˣֲʶֲųԣ԰ϵķӦǳڳֲģ˷ǳϽˣ°ĳҾȻϽڣǳ
ţǸϽ˵һû־ǳڳֲģϽûиôκð֣˵ðַйͿˣʱСӨ˵
ţѵ㿼ǺˣҼСӨߺ죬˵ҲԵɣ
Ϲʵɣұ»ˣղڷ˵ĻҺøжʹҾ¶ģְŪŪСӨޱĵ˵
ţ̫ˣ̫ллˣҼСӨͬˣʱϲּرסСӨ˵
ϹڰֵſأſѽСӨŪͨ
ţ̫ллˣҼæſСӨ壬ǳĶСӨ˵
Ϲֶôãôǣղһеļ£ѱӦ£ֶˣҲǳлֵģڰʳֲڱôܣٲһѵĻĻĲ̵ģСӨ˵ﻰ
šСӨӵ뻳СӨȴ㿪ˡ
Ϲֶôܵڷ棬㻹˼§§ģСӨİһ˵
ţ̫ˣҪܰѰŪԺ͸ţʱҲǳضСӨ˵
Ϲ־Ұ֣ʲôţģǶҸ㿪ЦġСӨİһ˵
ţ׼ʱأ仰ˣÿȥǲ˼ʳ׳ŵ˳Ϊһ뵽׸ղڷʹı飬Ҿ絶︸Ū׾㲻ôʹࡣ
ϹھͽȥСӨγЩ︸Ūø㲻ôʹ࣬ղڷҲۿʹı飬Ծҧҧ´סе˵˳
ȥ𣿡ס飬ĵСӨ
СӨ˾ͰһۣȻû˵ȥŪˣҾ㣡ҲСӨһ˽ȥ︸ŪẦµԭԲźһȥ׳ĵһٸԸȥģŰ︸ŪǸĻܲ˵ģСӨôһ˵Ē˵ġ
ϹҽȥˣʱСӨѷǳĺˣ˵Ҳ͵ֻҲü
ţȥɣҾ⣬һʲô£ҾͿԣҾʹԼƽСӨ˵
ȴǲƽһʮֵĲƽ
СӨҧҧ´һݣƿ׷˽ȥ
СӨѷŹ˵ҵҲһ
ʱҲĿǽϣǳĸӣһСӨܰ︸Ūʹ׵õѣǳĸˡ
һСӨҵţȻһʹҸеǳܣȻеһ絶ʹ޷ܵģŭʹ࣬⣬ָ﷭ȥĶڵѪ
ĵһȴеǳĴ̼˷ܣСӨڿǰϸס˶ŭ͵ļ׶ţʹִһ˷ܡ
ôĸ淭ȥһѪˣֲѪʹҲֲס˫һĵשϡ
ֵŸܲСӨס׵˶︸ͲɶڵѪָеǳĴ̼˷ܡ
ͻȻоԼ洫һʹ֪Լ֪ʲôʱѾһǳļӲҸе߳ܣеԼԭԼڰʹУ֪ܲɹϵ׵ˡ
ȴе̼е˷ܣļͻ𣿵뵽Լ̼˷ܣǾ絶ˣʲô취أСӨǰ︸׽ʹ࣬Ҳʳֲģֶǹģ뵽ȻͨˣԣǶǹģСӨھҵϸףôܳԴأһҪʮָлСӨŶԡ
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ţԶ㣡ҽرסСӨ壬ޱĶ˵
СӨҲذ˫۲ҵĲϣ¶Ҹı顭



ʮ 
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Ҿ壬һֽСĴ򿪣ʱһζ˱Ƕֻֽ϶һЩεĶżںڵë档
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ָ׽ĻҲ٣Ҷܸеһֽŵա
СӨԵرĿ죬ֻһͳԺ÷ˣкҲ뿪˲طȥˣ֣СӨϿе㲻ҪⰡҶںȾƵĸ˵
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ţҲã˰ֻҪˣͻвסģڼţأˣˣҲ֪ڼеסʱҲҪЩʱ⣬ǺǣĸЦŶ˵
裬ôᣬҪ˵Щ˻ˣԺӦкܶѧУҪȥأǺǣ˵ҲʵĸԵβ⣬ĶеҲǸӳֳһŮ˵ζ
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ԸһͺˣǺǡĸЦŶ˵
裬ҵԸҲõģͱˣұĸ˵ĶЩ˼ˡ
軹֪ԸȤĬأǸĵˣӨӨôĺã˳趼һֱأҲܸӨӨôһϹôһŮĸϲĿ佱ҡ
Ҷĸ佱ˣѹСӨһֱ˵ĸǸ䣬ܻ߶ģÿĸ绰СӨû˵仰͹ˣĸ绰ˣΪһĵĸ߶
裬ôߣˤ۵ģǺǣҿЦĶĸ˵
Ǻǡĸ˵ҲЦ



ʮ Ϸɻ
СӨͤС棬Һĸͤһ죬͸ͤʯĵĿġ
ⱾһܺõˣΪ⸽ûбˣҲǷǳȫģǱͻȻһ仰˵ҺСӨ񾭶ϴ磬һֱϼũסй԰羰ӦúټģҲܹϵܴ㵽ȥᣡ˵žŸ׵׼Ҫվ
ҺСӨͬʱ׺ͬʱ񾭶Žġ
֣Ǿͤ첻Ǻܺ˵ҲôˬδҿڣСӨȿ˵ˡ
ѽӨӨطʲôģ㹫ǵһ԰ģӦҪȥܿߣϴ磬Ҵ㵽˵ž׵ͤȥ
СӨ˵ɴֻƯĴ۾ſڽĿͤȥ͸ס
Ҽѿڶĺ˳֣ǲҪȥˡֵһֵҲãĸҺǣͶ˵
裬⡭Ҷ֪ôĸ˵ˣֺż۹ĿŸױͤ
СӨɵɵؿ͸ס
ѽʲôѽֲִˣǺǡĸɵɵصĸ͸׿ЦǺǵĶ˵
ûУ裬ǵģҡҶ֪ĸҪ˵Щʲô㵽ôˣƽʱ㾫ܸɵģôһӱ˵ˣĸе㻳ɵؿ˵
ҡ˵
裬ǵģڶ쵽ˣ͵͵ȥȾˣ裬Ҳ֪ģҹҲϲȾƵѽƹһ˵ǸղΪʲôҪֹѽãСӨæĸ˵
ҲǶСӨͶأҪÿʱСӨͻҸġ
˳СӨĻæЦŶĸ˵裬СӨ˵ǣǾȥȾƵģѽԭϾƹȥȾѽҪ֪ҷǲɣǿҵˣҲ벻ˣˣĸĪĶ˵
ҺСӨҲûʲôĸ߶ˣһֱŸףҪĴ;ԸеԣǾͿˣʱСӨգգ۾ٿͤ⡣
ķޣСӨһһҶָƣȻСӨǰʾҿȥҵ͸ס
ҾͶĸ˵裬Ǿţȥǡ
ȥȥһҪҵϾƹĸæ˵
ת߳ͤղ͸׵ķȥû߼ǰһС·Ҷ֪ǻ·¾ˡ
¾óֻ״˵绰û˽ָʾǹػ
ºˣϵˡ
·ϸһ룬һֱ·ģҾͰľֱ·ȥ
˰СʱҲҲǵټҾͼˣ͸СӨ˸绰ǸͤûУСӨ˵ûء
ҿôĹ԰һʱҲҲˣԭ·صͤŵԸײʲô⡣
һȥȾˣĸ޹ʹǳı˵
裬ڻ֪ءҶĸ˵ȻСӨ˵СӨǴ绰ҸղҲˣ
СӨ˵ҲһֱڴأҰֹػһֱû˽
ӨӨˣҲҪٹˣȥȰɣĸܼҺСӨôżɨ˽ˣͶ˵ĸ֪ǼʵȥȾƣ¸׻⡣
ҺСӨ˻һۣϬĶʼϲԵôżˣȴļ١
裬ҪȻؼȥڼԵĸҲԵʳСӨʱĸ˵
ףСӨҪȴĸ
ٺȥҸǡ
ĸҲʳƷˣŮĸİϰ߶ǲġ
ĸСӨĻ͸׶ȥȾˣҲ治ˣҺСӨӵ棬ԾʹСؼȥˡ
ĸˣͼɴĶСӨ˵ţô죿ϹǶҪ̫żˣӦûµģҪǲô绰ǰСӨο˵
ҲԣĵʱҵֻͻȻ˲ʱҺСӨһ£˻࿴˿ﶼţôɰɣϹ쿴˭ģСӨڷеҡ
˲ŻŵóֻһʱĶᵽɤӿˡ
Ϲ˭ѽСӨĿڴı飬ѾЩ֪Ĳˡ
Ұִģ˵һ䡣
ǿӰɵŸأСӨѿڶ˵
һæл֪᣺ιǰ𣿡ֻдЩ
֣ңأҸо׵ЩԾŵҲˡ
СӨҲǳţʱŵҲҴضеֻ
ַˡ׵ֻдҺСӨĶС
ͬʱһ
֣ȱ𼱣𣿡Сȶһʸס
ҽ˵ϲ˦ˣڶһܱϵƷɻô찡ںءֻд˵ЩŴĸ
ϵֻҺСӨ֪ģһܷɻǰװγһѾɷˣλþڹ԰ĶϽǡ
ҺСӨһۺ󣬼СӨҵ˵ͷҾСӨ˼Ͷֻ˵֣żʲôطҲȥҺСӨϣ֪֪ˣûáǡ֣˵ˣȹˣȥ˵δȸ˵꣬ͼæ˵
Ǻðɣ˵һ䡣
˵绰ҺСӨ԰ĶϽǸȥû˵ֻŸףҵ˵Ҳûȥôࡣ
СӨȴһֱڳ˼ţֻҲ֪ˡ
Ǻܿ˹԰ϽǵǼܱϵķɻ
ܷķɻһƬľ֮УڳûԭܻĲɻϲɽֲǸεĵطѷɻĳɲǸϰǴЩ̸˵ߴ˵Щ˵ԭԲŰλѡôƫƧĵط
ţھңҽȥұ߶СӨ˵߽˷ɻ档
ֻɻ滹ŲԭòֻǳûЩһɻڣͺ֡ˣֻ׵һСﴫ
ķ˹ȥͼиС䣬߽һֻ֪һС䣬һźСţЩŶѾСŻǺõġ
Ҳ֪ɻ棬װɵǲȴһС䣬Ҳ֪ǸϰˣЩСרŷЩҰõġ
׵ǴӵһС﷢ģűߣŵģźҲе㻵ˣزˡ
ŽȥǳСһģһֻСϣ˫ڿɣʹı飬ˣϵı¶κǸΣ֣ôˣҼ˷ǳе
㻹ðֻϼȥɡ׷ǳʹĶ˵
֣˵ʲôأҶ˵˫ַڸϥϣϿҵĿŸ˵
ҪĻģðֻϼȥɣ˵Űڿϵ̧סɫʹ֮࣬ҼʹģһǧɣҲǳ˸еؿŸף֣ԺҪ˵ֻˣӾԲӦϰֵģɣֺγأСүүʱʱֵ֪ʱж˶༤𣿿ǣ㿴쳣Ķ˵
ҿ¸׵ĿɣҲһôһ񣬶һҪüСʱ޷ôܹģеʹͼ尾ûмᶨǾܲסġ
Ϲȳȥһ£֪ʲôʱСӨѾվſڣҲǸӵʹԻ˵Сʱһ¶˶Ů۰ͼֲֿ顣
¶˾ġ
ҧҧ´˵仰
վ÷ǳмĿ⿴СӨһۣȻĬĬ뿪С䡣
ֱСӨˣŵģվⶼܴŷ϶п龰ǲ֪Ϊʲôʱûһ뿴ͷڵֻ뾡øʹ࡭Сܰû˵ֻѿӵ΢ʱҵһ£һ濴һ۵ɶĪ֪׵Ŀӵ˭ѣǸףǰСӨǿҵĺʹҿƲסԼתȥŷ϶Уʱܿڴϣ˫أɫд˷ܣ˫۶ŶǰСӨ
СӨڸ׵ĸǰĶȥԵôĸߣѳҲ࣬ʹ߿ҵİ޳ĺ󾱶¶˳
ҵĽǶȿСӨ۵ľЩΡ
ֻϸڽ⸸׵Ƥ
ԭСӨΪѿӣΪʲôײԼأԼ
ԼƯΪһѿӣӿһĴ⣬Īĸеǳ˷ܡ
ŷп׵ƤСӨֻ׵ָ⿪ֽ⿪˿ϵťۣҶĿСӨİֱָڸ׿йľ޴ϲϵĴţҲ֪ʱСӨʲôǸ׿й̫˶ԭʱ򱻹סôҲеż
Ҷ⿴ҲǳżﶼԹôһأСӨȷʵˣ̧Ǿ׵ӰŸףܿСӨȫǺε飬˫ĿоȻЩ롣
׼СӨЩΣдžźͲȻæܿСӨĿ⣬ȻӴվ
İϵ
СӨѾͰֻ쵽ȥֱץסĿʹһ׵ĿӾͱϥϡ
һɫĿڿ㡣
׵ȿǳڸũ̫ɹԭ򣬿ȥʵڣСӨ۵ֱ֮Ǻڰ׷
׵ڿȻ󣬵Ǳһ
ֻСӨҧҧ´˫ץסڿıԵһʱһ˶ʹڿб˳㵯СӨϣСӨæž׵ҲһƫͶ˿Ѿͨˡ
ҴŷпŸ׿Ǹģе˲е˸׵˽ôô˶Ŵأڲžˣ׵Ĺͷ˶󣬿ܾ޽ԭɣͷСȭͷô󣬶깵ͺñǸ޴ĢͷӲֲڣŭʮ߰˷ֳҵʮȣǴ׼Сףһѻʯĸо
СӨ˸׿ڵȻ򶨵Ķֻ࣬ǺõԽԽ죬ҲЩ٣ܸоõʱСӨӱǿϢ絽ǰȻ档
ҿܱ׿Ȼŵ汾ҲҲԱԭ
Ҷɻ᲻ԺԼ뷨ʱֻСӨߺҧҧ´󣬾һֻ۵СסȻһƾȻղס



ʮ 
СӨϸס׿Ȼʱͼ׻һϴʹıƺ
СӨסȻƾͿʼ׶
׵ɫɽ𽥱÷ɣʹ𽥱ɻ
СӨڵϣһֻ۵Ʒڸ׽ʵڵĴϣ߲ͣס׵İ׶ţ߰ŸףջעŸ׵
ҿСӨջעŸףҵĺʹСӨҵרôһҵרء
СӨ㵽ôǲ˵˵ջֻһרõ𣿴ʱҵ絶ʡ
СӨסȻŪˣ֣ϢҲûţ쵽װǸڵѵ
ҶٿȥˣСӨǺٸģ͸׾͸ôõĴҶ֪СӨôģѵ׵ȻĹ𣿲ģСӨ϶ԭġ
ԼοԼ
СӨסİ׶ŵĶΣװƤʱʱţСӨԽԽ죬Ҳü
֪СӨ洫ͳأļСӨҷ޼件ʱҸеģСӨ︸ﻹôһȻ֪СӨǹ᲻ᱻʮӺСӨѾ˺üˣҸϵıҲ쳣˷ܣҲü٣͸¶һ
Ө˾˰ɣǸССӨ˵ĵһ仰Ǹ׼СӨŰ˵ԭҲϱԭŻ˵һ仰ġ
СӨû˵ֻҧҧ´ǼŬסȻ׶š
˵仰ʱַǳĽţһСӨķˣǸô죿һʹ𣿲СӨǧҪס㲻ǰ︸ŪϹͣҺСӨû׵ĻŬסȻ׶ţеСӨе˵ʱ򣬾Ȼվ
ס׿Ȼȴû뿪ǲͣ׶š
Ȼһֵֻڸ׵ظϣһƣͰѸƵڴϡ
СӨҪʲôҪʲôҼ˽ŵҲҪˡ
ĽŷŵȥСӨԸ˵ĵһ䡣
СӨɱʧ㵽øڴϸʲôʱҵľĪĴʹһ¡
ּ׺İֻųȥ˴ϣȻŲŲ壬ͱڴˡ
Ҹе״ʱһΪڴϺĸɻСӨ
СӨվģΪֻһֱס׵Ȼ׶ţԸеƨɾȻҺ͸׶֪ʱСӨʲôΪʲôѸƵڴϣһиװֻҲŵȥڴϵ˼
׻ɻĿ⿴СӨ͸¶һֻϲı顣
ʲôô¶ֻϲıأѵСӨ˰⣬СӨʲô𣿲ģСӨҲŸףŵˣǾԲһΥҵ£ʳ޽ŻʹӲģСӨҿ︸ģȻô룬һȴǳôһ֮£Ҿͻе̼е˷ܣҺ˼ʱڸÿڴĿ⿴СӨʱ򣬾ͼСӨԸеƨŲߣȻڴϰ︸
ͼ¶һʧı顣
һȴĪĸеʧ
ȻһѵСӨԸʲô𣿿СխԭҲСӨԭƨֻаڴϣַȴڸ׽ʵڵĴϣס׿ȻŬ׶š
СӨͣŤ壬رȣʱʱһ£ҲԽԽ٣ҺСϵĸףΪСӨ۵ġ
ʵҲֻСӨԼ֪ˣСʱȥˣ︸״ʱı˷д泩
СӨŬס׿Ȼ׶ţ׵İ¶죬㺹죬ӵļ٣סȻֶԿʼţֿǰƨڴʱ䳤˲Ͱƨ̧ڴǰȴûֹͣ׶
֪СӨͲףôûأҲɵõСӨҲСӨСӨǽʱܹͻȻ˷ܣ٣ڿƲסҪˡСӨһ֪׿Ҫˣ¶ϲɫסȻּٵ׶һֻóһЩֽٷڱ׶ŵȻϣʱ׼Ÿ׵
ͻȻĺһȫҵĲֻͣһɰɫľҺ˶Ĺͷ˳
СӨæһ࣬ƴֽĹͷϣһˣһЩҺ絽Ǿ°ϡ
׹ͷһֱ磬ȻСӨֽ˹ͷǾҺֽ˳СӨֻŪõĶǡ
׵ϱǳˬ㣬ԺһȻε˵һ仰Өлл㣡СӨû˵ֻԽԽߺ죬ͰѵڹͷǾҺֽ˵ϣóһЩֽСİŸ׿ȻɾľҺ
ǸľҺ̫ԭ򣬴ʱطѾСӨ˼ֽ
ڰѸȻϵľҺɾżСӨһȻվٴδӰóһЩֽһ滯ױõСӣž׵İֽСĲЩܱϵľҺ
׿СӨžڲϵľҺ¶˷ܵı飬ȴκǸε˵һ䣺Բ𡭡СӨû˵ɾϵͰСӷŻذȻһȹֲֻٰ󾱵㷢Уٰ㷢һ˦˦ںڱֱĳ˦Ķ֪ˡ
֣ϢһȳȥˣССӨ˵ĵڶ仰
ҡΣøмСӨ˶촽˵
ҼСӨҪˣͼæŲȻߵĲñСӨ֪Լ͵ԵΡ
СӨϹſζǰ˵ĸ˳
ҼæӭȥţˣСӨƯһ죬һۺ˵һҸеǳεĻĹ𣿡Ȼֱڴķȥ
СӨ˵仰󣬾ɵɵվԭزˣεϼⲻĳ鴤˼¡
ȥְɣҵ㣡СӨ߳Ϸɻ֮ǰͷ˵һ䡣
ҲŴ˹תڵСȥ
߽СſʱѴӴվһ壬ѹϥϵĿڿ
ҼЩΣתʱпѾȼ仹Եúֳܴ
һֱԱĸоӿͷΪֻҪÿϴ裬ǶëжҲ׼ҲǸеΣæѿϣȻͷϵƤʱЩ
֣оôˣҪҪϢһ£ǸסԾΡ
ãھûҲ֮ǰо񣡡ЩεĶ˵
ͺãҿ˿ĸףȷʵ񲻴͵˵ͷ˵һ䡣
ĸеܶԲ㣬ҲԲӨҡʱ׷ǳھε˵Щʲô֣ʲôҲ˵ˣֻҪúõģһжֵãͻȻС𺰸үүʱһ̼ӣҸоҺСӨĶֵãΡӨôˣµһ䡣
û£أҶԸ˵
ǿȥɣӨȼˣԵúܹСӨҲǵģСӨǸ׾ȿѵĹء
ðɣ˵žߵſͻȻͣתԸ˵ֻ֪㶮ҵ˼𣿡֪ģ˵ģε˵
Ǹ߳˱ϷɻͼСӨվɻԶһôǣҿСӨֱںڳƮƯİѾȥΣȥׯţľ˭֪ոܱϷɻһũͷأҺ͸СӨĸǰض˵һ䣺ţ߰ɣʱĸ׼СӨεԭѾҿСӨ
СӨҵĻ󣬶һתĬĬֹŵֻǰС·ȥڻؼҵ·ϣұ߿ںĸף֣ڶһˣǻԷɣ˵ԺСӨ͵͵˳ҵ·˵ҲϲʳƷǻؼҳ԰ɣ˵ͼתݺݵصһۡ
ұһ۸ɵĶˣ֪Էʲôͻ¼
Ө˵öԣʳﲻɾǻؼҳԣϰְѲҲˣָںĸף֧СӨ֣ǺðɣˣСӨ͸׶ô˵ˣͬؼҳԷڳǾֻ˵ô仰ȻͿʼĬˣ˸Ÿ¡
ص׾ȥղˣСӨؼҷϴȥˣǸôɾˣڹ԰ô·ڱϷɻ︸Ūôã˵ϻһЩ׵ľҺؼٲϴ裬ǾǲСӨˡ
Сʱ󣬸˷ڳԷʱ򻰺٣ֻҺ͸һûһġ
СӨһ仰ҲûУֻͷŷ
һͳԺ÷ˡҷԴӸ֮СӨÿγԷҿ졣
ǲСӨ͸һϳԷƽʱڿʰͺоֵСӨڿϰڸʰͺоˣԳ˷ͰѿշһţվתͻطȥˣкҲһ
Һ͸׶ϰˡ
СӨڴ˯һڵǰǰš
СӨ˯ѵʱѾĵˣһڵϹóֻ
࣬⴫׵ǿԳˡ
ڳԷʱ򣬺ͳ緹ҲһģСӨĬĬͷԷ
֪СӨ鲻ãҾͶСӨ˵СڼңǵȥӰ
СӨе㾪ȵؿңǰǾȥӰ֣ǶæŸԵĹҲûȥӰˡ
ͻȻҪȥӰѹСӨþء
ڹ԰﷢Ǽ֮£СӨڼҲģԾʹӦҳȥӰˡ
ʱҼСӨǳĿģڼˣԺҪСӨֿӰʲôġ
ӰǻؼѾʮˣ׵ķţӦѾ˯ˡ
ǻص䣬СӨϴ˸Ǿӵڴϣ벻ǸոպСӨӵסʱСӨ־ȻҵĿһѣ󰮵źš



ʮ Ա
Ҷʱ¶֮ɫΪڱϷɻС⣬͵׿ǸȻ󣬲֪Աԭ򣬻ԭ򣬵ڶû
־СӨƻİԸеҵĻƲҵڿУҸе
ȻֵĿ˵ʣϹôҡҸе߲ѣ֪ôشСӨá
ƽСӨܸеҵΪѣûңֻңСڿǲСǶרջңԣջѲҵרˣԽ뵽ԽеСӨѾʧЧˡ
СӨŬ˺һ󣬼ûκεķӦȻҲеǳ֣ƵģԼʹľջˣôһ㷴ӦҲûأϹǲǲˣСӨĵһӦ
ţôأ˵ᰮһӵѽҷǳϵĶСӨ˵
ô̲أСӨĻ⵶ҵؿڡ
˵ԭɣұСӨĻʵʹһɻľ±ֻ
סĳʹ˸ɵɶ˵
Ϲɿɲ̫ŶСӨֻ߰˯µķᒴ鷿ҵĲĥţǴһջ˵ңȻŶ˵
СӨĻʮֵıԹΪСӨʱǳƽ⣬ʱͲġ
ţҿҪȥҽˣҲСӨֵĻˣֱСӨĿǰҵ״ܵõͬ鼫⡣
Ϲ˵ʲô㵽ôȻСӨҵĻ˶ҵĻ뿪ˣһȼĵؿʵ
ţҿԺ̲ˣĸеܺ£͵˸׿ȻûڵϹʱҲû̫⣬ֵղСӨһҾ͸оԾˣ˵ƽʱСӨҵˣȴһ㷴ӦҲûУԾ͸еĺ¡
Ī⣿ԾͶСӨ˵仰
ϹϹ˵ʲôأôѽѽСӨ˶ʱͷǳ𾪣æҡ
ҾͰ翴׿ȻԺû¸СӨ
СӨǸʿ˺ЩǵĶ˵ϹһԱӦѹҸղô㣬㶼ûһķӦءţôأԽԽ£ĪǾ˸ףԼȴʧȥ
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ѹСӨѩϣزֻʮᒴ鷿ҵżѹĶ״ѩ׵鷿ⱻҵظѹĶҵز˳
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ܻҵ岻棬ÿҵĲ룬СӨƨʹӭϣʹҵܲ嵽һ㡣
ʵǱԹҲĲʹҸеھΣ׿ȻʹҵԱԽǿңȻһû˻Ӳȡ
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СӨҵκԱԸеҵĶ˵ϹҸһܣǧ𣿡šţ㻹ʲôѽǷ޲ǴûԾͲΪȻӦһ
СӨͻȻְԸеƬ촽ҵĶޱĵ˵Ϲ֪𣿸ղź㰮˼ѹ˼ϵİְ֡һը˹ƵģȻ˵ĳ裬ŻžȻһѹϡ
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һֱŸǳϼָ·СӨزͻȻǳ˷ܵСӨţôðȥأϹ˼ȥ𣿡СӨߴżٵĺߺɬķҡ
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˷ܵʹšһҲǵһ˰СʱҲǽʱһΡ
СӨֽΪҲɾճȻȥϴصҵĻ
ʱ˵ĻŸΪ˴̼ңǹ˵ģôø鷿أǸղŻǸѹȴġ



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ʱֹһڣҺСӨϰ࣬°ؼҸ׶Ѿ÷ˣСӨԸ׵˵ĻҲ࣬˷ͻطûٳȻסһ𣬵븸׵ļȴ٣ǳʱһڲϳԣûС
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Ϲһ˼ܲô죿СӨȻû
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Ҫ˵ǸǸ֮ˣһŮôһȻ׶ţҲܲ˵ġ
ĺ޲еȻֱ̣֭ܲӿѨУϱĽɣòƾǼǿӲš
˵ô˵Ǻģոմﵽһθ߳Ѩ棬ֿʼ֭Ҳ˳
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Ǻǣ;ˣ˵ˣñ㴵ȥǺǣˣĸ˵ž͹˵绰
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˰°࣬ҿȥСӨٺһȥ׶԰˻
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С˺ܸˣĺ˵үүãСϳԷԭձƽʱöˣԷһ仰Ҳ˵СӨҲǸС˵ġ
ԼСŮôÿɰ׵һֱЦ
һСӨָѰѺӹεĸɸɾҲ֪СҪؼңϴڹ԰ӦСҪѺӹˣԲ˺ӵġ
ҺСӨϬĻЦЦ
ױߺȾƱ߲ͣĶСԵرĿġ
˵ҽԺ£ҲΪĸƢ
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ʱСӨǷǳջ˵ģҿҲ̲סʿˮ
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СӨ泯ŲڴϵģͻȻƿţǾˣȻԼǰģһ󣬾æѱϡ
ԡԲ𣬿ҼˣΪǶ·ҪأԾ˽⡭ױڴСӨľˣæĿСӨתҵϣεĶ˵
֣ûµġҶû˵꣬ͼͻȻվĸ׸ˣʱҾƿˡ
ҹűͻȻϵҶûзӦڴϵСӨѾŭݵĶҴ
֪Ҫˣ˴СѧƵģͷĸǰңղŵô£СӨŶ˵ģǿ뱻ĸоͱʣţҲ֪ô°ûҰ˵ΪǶ·ˣƿŵѽҾܵؽƱŶСӨ˵
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СӨߵҵҲĲһ£Ҳ֪Ůʿĸǰˣģæţ㿴㳤ôƯôѽղ¶ҵĴǷǣǸϴòãСӨܱҳϿҵصǸϴ򶯣ºһˣ̬ȳϿңʱϴξɣǣ㻹Ҫղŵô£СӨԭңҶʱоֿ˻æ˵ţѵĲ֪ղô𣿡ҵȻ֪Ҫ׿˵СӨĶ˵
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˵أ㶢ҿʲôѾЩºСӨŭˣҵ˵
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ţ㶼֪˻ҸأҼû֮ǰôˣҲˣҺˡ
ҾҪԼ׿˵˵ǲ˵ߣСӨ˵ֺһ
СӨĺҵˣΪֻҪߵǰǳԾ˿ͷԲŻŻҵģǰһĺһ죬ϳ첻ϴһߺ󣬺һڲ˵кöҶԾ˿ͷֻҪߵȫģҾæ˵ţ˵ˣɱŻҰǻ˵СӨŭĿһɡ
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˵öԣԺȶһµģ֤ˣã˵ͻȻ׿СӨİ壬᲻ֲԾ;һ
ϹôˣСӨҲҵľһֻĿעңæҡ
ţҰֵĹֲ᲻ᷢ־ʧɫĶСӨ˵
СӨɫҲˣ׸ղſ壬ס;һȻżĶ˵㻹ɵŸѽȥţȥҲֽţ¿㶼ûдϣֻһĽڿͻŻŵ߳˷䡣
СӨҲǾʧɫæӴ̻¶ĵ˯ȹһɫȹٿʼϴȴǳĸӣĵһŹĹֲǧĵһȴŹĹֲܷ߳˷䣬׵ķǹŵģһֱڽŵŸ׵ĹֲģĿڲͳŪ͸СڳԣԾͻŽͲǲ׵ӰΪڳŲŵĿ첽˳ʧˣ׸ûڳ棬ҵѾɤӿˣĵΪ׻СŮСأͽСС䣬ǸײڣСȴˡ
ְ֣·Ҫȥ׶԰ˣСҽ룬ͷ۵ͯ˵
ѾĽͷöˣǻŮ·أæһ뿪С䣬ҺСӨķſʱһ˿׵ķţȻͽҺСӨķ䡭



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Ϲôˣҽ뷿ʱСӨͼɴңΪҸżҪǸ׵Ĺֲǰﲻæģܾȸ׵ֻСӨˣԴʱǾµɫǳĽţֻˮĴ۾һֱעң溬оźͲ
ĿͳҶұˣֵķǹŵģһķ棡ѵĶСӨ˵
СӨ˶ʱһֲ֮׵ĸоֻ᲻ֲˣ
Ŀǰ˵ˣţˣȥ·ȥַ￴˵ͻȻСӨ˵
Ǻðɣȥ·ȥְֵķ俴ţϣû£СӨ˵žת뿪˷䡣
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Ҵ·߳ʱСӨѾСķˣվڸ׵ķ⣬ԥ˺һ󣬲ŻŽźͺµø׵ķţ֣𣿡
Ҳûһ㶯ţ֮ǰЩ֣˵仰𣿡
㻹ðֻϼȥɡͻȻ˸״Щʹ
˺˶ҲҪᵽɤӿˣѾܿ϶׵ĹֲѾˣһƽһ½ŵ飬ͶԷĸ˵֣ô˵Ļأǲ˵˵Ժϼҵ𡣡
Ĳʰ֡ϼˡͱӲϰˡȥƱϼҡ״ʹִӷ洫˳
վ˺ͷϵ亹ðˣֵһԷĸ˵̸̸֣ܽ𣿡
㻹ǲýˡҲûҪ̸ˡҲ㿴ַʱĳ̬ҵѾͻϼҡԡˡѾΪˡڲϷˡСӨ˾ϰȥùϰˡСϰҲΪ˷͡ʱͰ͵ҽԺȥתһҵ׼̡˵ҲԸ͡ˡת˵ͻϼˡԭҵĲ𡭡״ʹ½½Ĵӷ洫˳
վһֱھŸסʹ˵ĻԽԽˣҲ̲ס˳ҲˣҲ֪ôźãҲ֪ôԸ˵ʱĬĬ棬һôϿ˰ÿֲʱǲ˶ҵĺãҶţҽԺŵţôõһôʳ޽أԸҲ̫ƽˣ
ʱҸеΣҲ˫ҲЩỹֹסƵűߵǽڣ˫ַǽϣȻƲסĵҭ
ϹôСӨСӶС˫ַǽĵڳҭţȵҡ
ûаתİӿǱģסҭ˵СӨȰ׶԰ȥɣտְɣ
ŮʿСӨôܻῴأ֪һǳˣҪԼϹôôĵڳҭأæ¶С˵һȥһɣŶ
СĻСŵˣȥˡ
СӨֱӣҵҵת
ҲǱģʹ˼º󣬿ȫԭ򣬻Ǳת˹ȻͰ͵ĿСӨ
ʱСӨ򶨣ΪǸŮʿҲǲܺͳȵģ֪ʱѾȫʧȥ˳ǣҪӵ򶨣ҪԼҲˣô
ģСӨҲ֪˴ŷʲôˣңϹֲ𣿡
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СӨһֱھţ׵İҲֳһΣҧ´ģ˵˺ҧҧ´˵Ϲȥ׶԰ȥҽԺ㸸ΪҰҲϣͽҰɣ
ţǡ˷ǳȵؿСӨҲ֪˸š
Ϲ㲻ùңֻȥ׶԰ͺˣʱȥҽԺҪûʱͲȥˣֱȥ˾ϰ࣬һλһ٣ȥλûµģͽˣϹģҲֻϼȥģСӨϲְοҡ
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СƵģǵıŮʲôѽˣСӨ˵˫ҵĺ˼£ԱοңȻͰҵƿְֻҲϵᡣ
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ǿ˰СӨιСˣǰ߸Ů·߶˵ڰְȥ׶԰㵽Ժ׶԰һҪԹԵŶʦĻһԵĺúӣòã
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СӨվ֮ǰСĿɰ˵ԣڰְȥ׶԰ɣ
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ţʱ仹磬Ұ͵׶԰󣬾ֱȥҽԺҽӹСӨ˵
ţǺðɣȥɣݰݣСӨ˵󣬾׵϶ʱ¶ɰЦݶվűߵС˸ݰݵĶ
ݰݣ裡СҲ˻Сָ˵˰ݰݺҾתС߳˷š
ķűСӨϵҵҲŲһ£ŷᷢʲô飿ҪͱŮȥ׶԰ҪȥҽԺȥ˾ϰ࣬ҲݲҶ룬³⣬Сڽγĺϣ˳ź󣬾ʻϣѳ˵³⡣
ڽʱֲĸֳҵİСӨ͸ףĪ˷
ǧǣڿŮ˻ڳأһ˾鷳ˣҲϵظԼ
ʮӺҰŮ͵׶԰ͿҽԺŸΪͽϣ쵽ſڵʱ򣬼ĸſڵϣЩġ
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ܴʱĸͷ˼ʲôҹҲûһڲϿűֽȻĸߵ裬ôˣˣ
ĸͻȻ˵һ̧ͷһңĴҵֱһ˵㼸ʱģզûأһ
Ǻǣ裬ûŰɣЦǺǵĶĸ˵
ҪǱҽԺ˭չϰˣֲ˵أզûأĸ˵žͻȻҡ
˻Ͳһ£ɫҲЩѿʱ˼СӨ͸ףڶ֪ôˣҲĪĸе˷ܺʹ⣡
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æһº󣬾Ͷĸ˵裬ûأˣ裬ҰֽЩͲˣⲻҰֻҸͣ
⡭ĸŵ¶Ϊѵı顣
裬ôˣҲĸ쳣æ
ⲻոպСһᣡĸ˵
ѹĸһڲſƲأԭˣţĸ裬ΪɶǶϷˣɶóأ඼̲ͳ𣿡
߶Ҫһؼңྣⲻ˵˵ŻҲˣͳҲ֪Ƣ趼˼ʮ˰ĸǳίĶ˵
裬ͱˣʮ궼ˣҲһΣĵ㰡Ǻǣæοĸ
ˣҲˣǽȥɣûأĸ˵žʹվĺһȹŶСӨֱһģ̳ƵġĪ˼СӨ͸ףڵʲô
˷ܺʹĸĹ



 ׵쳣
֣оôЩɣҽڲϿֽһȣģȻһˣ΢Ц
ˣأҵ˵ͷ±ֽҡ
Ҷʱ˼ʱСӨпҸ׵ĴϣҸڴϣĿӺڿ㱻ѵϥϣ¶壬СӨŸ¸ǸȻϰһ뵽ʱͲ˷ͬʱҲеһɴĪӿʹʹҵҲʹСӨҵİްֻΪһھȻһǸҵĸףֽɵĹϵʹҸе쳣Ĵ̼
ôˣأվߵĸַҵ쳣͵͵˳ҵ·ߵ˵
ҲŴ˷ܺʹ˳æҵ˵֣Ҹе㲻ԽͲˣ֣ûгͰɣҸΪͣҸˣǺǣ׼̾ǺãԸͣ˻ԵرĸˣЦǺǵĶ˵ͻȻң岻ҪɣҪҪģֻ˷СðѣĻʹ˼СӨ͸ס
Ҳĸǰʧ̬ˣȥСӨ͸ס
ĸӹΪͣڲĴͷϰŪţ׼ԣʧ̬ټϻҪȥϰ࣬Ͷ˵һЩοĻúҪҽĻֶ˵ҲĸĻ˵ĸչҲǺģҪĸЩ˵ĻʹĸͶ˸мĿ⣬Ȼֶĸ˵˼ҪҽԺչĻ󣬾뿪˲
ϰ飬ƣǵŮðôõŮǾǴŵҲҲǺǣͷӣ֪ѽû¾͸ǵģҸյſʱĸ˵
뿪ҽԺͿ˹˾ҽԺ˾·ϣһֱں˼ţżİСӨ͸׵ôˣСӨǲѾ︸ָŪˣСӨ۵Сס׵ȻΪҶʱ쳣˷ĵһ߻Ǹеʹ࣡һе̼˷ܣһָеʹв֪Ͱѳ˹˾ڹ˾һ¥Ұ칫ҵ·ϣ˾ĺܶԱҴкʱҶԺлӦһµģмԱҴʱҸûлӦǡ
˰칫ҺһʱͶ빤ڰ칫ǰһֱڷУͻȻСӨ᲻øأʹҸеرĴ̼˷ܣСӨҲ׿ڴӦҵģҪøһأ֪СӨ˽Ҫͷ᲻أһҪúõСӨ
ŵ˾ŵңҲžͶ빤˾ŵҾյһСӨ΢ţϹæ𣿡
Ҷʱ˾񣬸ղڹһֱŸСӨϢʿСӨ㣬ҲСӨỳڳԴףԾһֱҷϢͻȻյϢʱ;ٱæСӨһϢţҲæǱôˣСӨعϢ˵ϹҸոյλİɣѾ㶨Ͱϰɣ˼ŶæعȥţˣҲŲ˼أҲǶ˵ұ֤Դףһ㣡
СӨع˵ûãϹҪϰˣϻؼģ̲סַϢȥСӨţҰûУСӨع˵ϹҪæˣؼٸ㣡ϼһݰݵı顣
ҿҲٷȥˣﻹǺ˷ܵģղСӨûøأСӨҲû˵УҲû˵ûУⲻǻϣû׼СӨѾ鷿ˣҪҷϢôֱϢиûأΪʲô˵Ҫؼٸңһġ
ʱԽԽ˷ܣСӨҪһǽͻеڶˣ͸еرĴ̼Ǹûˣҵˡڹ˾òװ°ʱ䣬Ҿͼɴ뿪˰칫ңҴҵ˾ͣڳȻ󿪳СӨĵλǺһվڵλſڵˡ
СӨ˳׶԰򿪵·ϣһ仰ҲûиҽҲȿʲôҪ˵ģȻ˵ģˣҺ˽ģҲ˽ңұҪ˽ҡ
ϹûлҪ𣿡ڣСӨ̲סˣȿҡ
ţһİˣԲʲôѹһǺܹĵĶ˵ΪֻҪϺ͸֮£СӨ϶еѹģϹãСӨתȻһЦȻ˵һ䡣
ţӦãΪҸô࣬ĺøм㰡ЩĶ˵
֪ͺã˼Ϊ㶼֪ˣСӨ˵ʲôס˵ˣǾ׵ȴ¶ߺ죬ģܽߣ˵һֱҧ´Եرɬ
Ҽʱ쳣˷СӨ϶ˣֲ˼˵Ҳû׷ȥ²̫СӨϸոеɬ£ԼҪ׷ʽˣѹģڳϣҪڴԺŻеûѹģΪϾڴ˶رķɣ׶԰˱ŮСӨҲͺСһںϣڿؼҵʱһֱڶС׶԰Բԣ׶԰Щʲô֮Ļ⡣
ҵʱ򣬸ҲһѾһĲˣǵҿŸ׵ʱ򣬸׾ȻܿĿ⣬ϻ¶κεı飬Ҳû˵ʲôҲǺ£ԼŰ︸״ɻ׼ܲκ𣿶СӨֱӴСطˣû븸״кļͥϱʱ𾴣ẰֵģСӨԵһΰ︸󣬼׾һֱû׺һ֡
ҲϰˣСӨ︸ˣȻɬģҸҲεģԻǲкЩһɬһΣ֣û˰ɣڹģ¸׻Ҳ͸˵°ֻΪҶʲô뷨һǹĵ
ҡûˣлл㣡ʱ򣬻Ͳһ£ȻЩεĶ˵Ǹȴûҡ
֣ҪлСӨ˵СӨʱҶʱҲеЩΣԼŰ︸Լڸ׵ﲻͳһ̹𣿡ǵģǵģӦҪллӨŶԣױڳæµţߺ󱳳˵š
пڳŵſϣָ׽ǰЩһǰСӨ︸󣬸׼һǺƽʱһ˵ЦģҲûĲȻڻжҵɣԽСӨϺ͸ײôˣ֮϶Щʲôˣ뵽СӨڳɬӺڸ׵쳣Ӧ͸ӿ϶֮ʲôѾˡ
ԽԽ˷
ԳԷˣ˵ˡ
֪ˣ֣ȥСӨԷҾװźƽʱһĶԸ˵
䣬Сһڷһߣ֪СӨ棬ĸǰ˵СֳȥԷŶҪҪһȥԷСҲƢĶ˵
ˣһȥԷɣʱСӨʹ߳С˵
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ţΪȳȥԷأ߳ͶԱССӨ˵
ֻСӨ׵İһ죬˵˼һȥԷѽǲºҰֵһ𣿡ҵȻ֪СӨ뷨ˣԴ︸󣬾ͺٺ͸׵һˣԲŻġ
֪ʣСӨһۡ
ǺǣҶЦЦ
߰ɣɵЦʲôСӨ˵žͱС߳˷䡣
Ҳ˳ȥѾǵ׷ʢ÷ˣҲɵڰŸ׵ܵ
СӨͿʼιԷֱӶ׷ͷЩֵʸף֣ôȾˣϲˣױ߽׷˵һ䡣
ŶҲãҲкôҶԸ˵ȻʼԷ
׳Էʱһ仰Ҳû˵ƽʱԷʱˣҳԵĻرĿ죬һ붼ûгԺãѾԺ÷ˣվʰȥˡ
ţֽôˣҵڸιСӨ
֪СӨָһۣˣСӨڳԷʱѾ˵ˣڸֿʼ˵ˣҲ̫˰ɣҳ극ʱСӨιķȻҾͱȥ棬СӨڲǰʼԷʮӺСӨͳԺ˷𱧻طȥˡ
СӨԺˣŴӳ߳ʰŲ
ҸоҲʼ¼СӨˣʹҸеͷۣҼϱ֮ҲǸ취
ұطȥģ֪СӨ͸׵׷ʲô£ڱŮû˯ǻصҲСӨģԾڿ￴ӣû׼ḸʰùܴĿ̽һЩʲôأڿ߿ŵӱߵŸ׵ĵȴҸеǳ⣬ʰú󣬾ֱӻصķȥˣɶ˼׵ıһҸе쳣
СӨ͸׿϶ʲôҪôʼأΣԲңʱѾҲסˣＱɴ֪ˣ͹˵ӣ䣬СӨڴСš
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˺εҡҡͷ
СӨ̲סЦЦô֪ܲҵС˼أţȥϴˣ㻹ǰѱ˯ɣ컹Ҫȥ׶԰ģЩ˽ĶСӨ˵
żѽ˯𣿡СӨָһۣȻСŮ
ֻýϴͳڵǰ׼ȹһ򷢴ʱ䡣
ϰ˵ʱ򣬼СӨڰС˯ˣæӵڵİС𱧵С˯ãٻصʱ򣬼СӨѾϴˡ
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 СӨ˳
ԡСӨ߳ҵ۾һһҸе⣬СӨÿϴ϶Ǵ˯˯˯ȹϾȻһ̵Ĵɫԡԡֶ̣鷿ϵ鹵ѩ׵ļȸµ޳ȳƵİ۴ȼСȫ¶⡣
ԡСӨ˵ߣҶʱŵһɴɢķ㣬ֻ۾ֱؿ壬һʱ޸ſڽˡ
ûϢСӨҵ̰ģ׵һ죬Ȼһ䡣
ǺǣţɶұСӨĻѣȻеɵЦƵ
ʲôɶСӨϴҵߣһ䡣
ϵԡƽʱǶ˯µ𣿡ЩĶСӨ˵
аСӨһۡ
аզأԡȴ˯ȹԸأǺǣеɫԵĶ˵
˼˵Ҵ˯ȹÿǲǣСӨ˵Ķ˵
ǣǣţûǸ˼˵žѰСӨϵԡ
СӨûзԣ¶һɬɬСŮģư͵Ұϵԡ
ʱָˣһ⣬СӨ澹Ȼǳģֺڿ㶼ûдǰֻ۱鷿չʾҵ۱ӵ£ȻӣͷǺܺģѩ׹⻬¸¡һƬ״ںëСӨëֳ룬ЩŮ˵ëӵģѽˣСӨ߽˵űѩϡ
ҸоСӨԺƽʱһԵرСŮģԡĵĹԡȻʲôҲûдһҰϵԡȡҪƽʱҪϵ·ҪƭģСӨ쳣ʹҸеر˷ܣұڱаĸ§˻˷ܵذʹǰĶ˵ţرĿɰǲʲôҪ˵𣿡СӨ˳ҵĻУһź۵ֱ۴ҵظϣǰֻ۷鷿ҲؼѹҵĲϡ
һ޳ȳƵҲŴҵ˫ϣ嶼ҵϣԵرᡣ
Ϲ֪Ｑ֪ЩʲôǲǣСӨɬĶ˵ţҶм׳㻹֪ѽţҰ鷿ûУʳ⻰ʱǷǳ˷ܵģҲܾףһ߰ͲСӨø鷿һֲ븸鷿ΪСӨ鷿ҵרңκûȨСӨ鷿
СӨ˾µԽԽߺ죬ҧҧ´ԥһõ͵Ĳٵ͵šһ¡
˷ܵȫƲסĲһ£ţСӨ鷿ıԼϸ׸ɰͰ͵ָˣҲ̫˸е˷ˣļ;һоҵĺеˣѹָ׻ô쳣ԭǶҵΣСӨҲر˳ԭ벹ҵʧ
ףҲ²ûѾ˱һ֮ˡ
æϡţǸ·𣿡Ϲ˼˵ɲҪԴŶСӨͨĵ˵ģǳĺ
ţҾԲģ˵ŰץסǣҵĿϡ
ϹôӲˡСӨͨĽŶ˵
ţҸеرĴ̼˷ܵľӲˣҪǳԴôܻӲأǲǰܿԸ˰ɣҰǸ·ﻹˣ쳣˷ܵı߶СӨ˵۱ᒴ鷿󣡡ϹȻ֪˼ҾʹͷɣСӨǳߵĶ˵
˷ǳĸˣһ⣬ΪһشӦкûоͿˣСӨȻҪͷʼζ֪СӨ͸׵ĳϸȫ̵ģԸ˵ıסСӨѩµ˺üڣȻ쳣˵ض˵ţ̫ˣҰɣǺǣСӨ˰Ưһ죬ûİһۣȻ˵һ䣺ñ̬ŶǺǣţʵû취ѽ˭ȾءҲ֪ܵƤЦŶ˵˷ܵĿ伦͸ӵļӲˣʵСӨҲǸеرĴ̼ʱ͵͵ֻϿ˵ϱHģѾ֪һӣϱɵĹϵʹеرĴ̼رڰ﹫ʱ򣬻ѰѨ̣֪ˮˣڿĵȫŪʪˣڰϺ͹ȫ˵ϹҲر̼һ飬ԾͿʼͷβ˵СӨϹŮС˷ţʱҲǷǳӵģɬΣźͲĻǸе̼˷ܣ˴źСӨͲĿڴϣһֻΪŶͣŵؿڡ
ղſϹģʹϹκ;ʹҲˣҲʹ¶ٰĹһΣԾͿʼοϹ
ڼϹСȥ׶԰ˣСӨĸеǳĽźͲղϹڵʱʵǷǳӵģǱȴװź򶨵ӣҲϹΪġ
ʱСӨ󱳿ڴϣʹԼƽȻһںķſȥеÿһôļѣе˫Ⱥغء
˹ķſڣְһֻؿģȻһ÷š
ȥϰɣΪ˰ֵϰʱ䣬û£סģﴫ״ʹͺٵ
СӨ˲֪ΪĶӿأҾҧҧ´˵֣أӨ㿪ź𣿡˵ͲĺѾƽֿʼ΢
ﰲ˺һ󣬲ӨôȥϰأܰˣֶһϹͷˣҲҪײĵˣֵΪֵİ̾ͺãǿȥϰɣ֣ѾСȥ׶԰ˣȻֱȥ˾ϰˣҲ۹Ŀôʹ֣ܰſ˰ɣŪСӨסеɬŷĹ˵
ְһ󣬹ĻŴ˳Ө㻹ȥϰɣֲίֲ֣ǵһΰˣſ˰ɣŪȥϰడţ̫ʱ𣿡СӨеżĶԷĹ˵
šǿŵİĹԥһŴӷ洫˳лż
СӨ˾ͲסŰһšžͿˣʱĪĽҲ¶ɬĺΣͷֿʼűƿһЩΪû͸ĴյĻǿúֻڴϣһıڵ¶ʹı飬ʹϱкܶƾ͸ӵˣʹı˼˱ۣôһ˻Ҫ˵ʹࡣ
СӨ˹ʹɬͽҲˣΪڵֻ뾡ϵʹ࣬ڼΪԼСͺڼһеļ¶һЩԼļһ£ȫˣʹԼ˸ſڷ
СӨһҪرôʹڴϣСӨûһ뷨ֻ벻ùټʹȥ
СӨߵ֣ܰɣӨʵ̵ֿסģαίأƵ¶εı飬ֱСӨߴʹСӨ˵߰ƵԲһߡ
֣𲻺˼ҶˣһЩٰ㡭СӨ˵žͰ˴ϡ
СӨڴʱͼ׵һ£϶ʱ¶һ˷ܵı飬ֻϧСӨûпΪֻĿŸڸıϡ
СӨҲеǳ𾪣Ϊ׸űӲǱȻﶥһҲ̫ˣ˵Ķôģ׵岻֪˷ܻʹʱʱĲ˼¡
СӨﵱȻΪΪʹġ
СӨЩӵһֻϸС֣ץסڸıȻѱСӨѱһ˲䣬ৡһ¾ͨͷҲſΪȻǳģԭΪҲᴩһڿģû뵽ǳġ
ű£Ҳε㣬ͨ죬ܵת͵͵һ۶ϱСӨ׵¶ߺ;ȣε˵ӨԲ𣬰ΪڿܣԾͰڿ֣ҡġСӨ߶Ը˵ֻĿ߶ŸС濴Сһڣģ֮˼˶һľսĸоСֱǵĴִ󣬱һ˻Ҫ幫֣˶ĹͷСȭͷСǸ˵ԭ򣬹ͷôʺ죬ǴŰɫģǹ깵ԣСϻʱðһЩҺ塣
СӨ˾ͲĵһţҪǲŮ˵棬֪ɶоѾֹˮСӨ˸׿µȻ󣬱ܵؾϵӦеȫƲסȼҲ˶ѨҲʼСӨ΢죬ҲƽʱһЩΪŶİСסȻʱͲľһ£ţ̣ӲԼƸղסֻסһ롣
СӨס׵Ȼʱֻ׻ҵĲһ£۾һֳһ־ϲ˷ܵı顣
СӨסֻסһȻ￪ʼ׶еԽԽ̣ͬʱҲеԽԽӲһּӲĸо
ת˿ףܵı飬ͺɬı֣оôıͣűڵʱĶɫˣƸӵԣСӨĻ󣬾쳣ܵ˵ΡӨ֡СӨסȻİͣ׶ţ˵ֳڣּĶˣͻȻһ죬Ķ˵֣ҪǸеͺţܵġӨֲ֡˼סʹ࣬ǳε˵
֣û°ھˣֲ֪ʲô˼ѽŻԽԽܵģСӨ˵Ժ󣬲ŸеԼ˵Щζʱɬһ죬Ȼҧ´˵ˣסȻСȴûͣһٶȵ׶š
ӨҪǺ㲻߿İɣСӨĻ󣬾Щĵ
֣ģôܻ߿أ㻹ǺɣСӨסеɬһ죬˵
ָеԼĻ˵Щζţҽ쵽ôˣôԼĹ˵ĻأĵһȴеǳĴ̼˷ܵȫԽԽȼѨҲԽԽˣ֭ѾڿŪʪһƬ
ӨǰҪˡСӨĻ϶ʱ¶ϲЩεĶСӨ˵
ţͻЩСӨҧҧ´˵
ӨŪð̫ˡں˳ȻԺϵıҲû֮ǰôˡ
СӨʱɬͨԺֻȴû뵽׾ȻֱԼ֣ţҲɬ˰ɣּ׺ϵıԵûôʹˣֻҧҧ´סɬŸ׺֣ĵȴָеǳĴ̼˷ܵϵӦ͸ӵǿˡ



 ϱ֮
׺󣬼СӨͨ죬ɬĶҧ´ˣʱе˷ΣǿӰҲԼĶϱԼȻô޳ܣԼĶϱִ治֪ܵĻʱҲеǳĺڣֱͣסȻﱻСӨס׶оԽԽʹĸоֱ
ӨԲ𡭰ֲġ㲻ֵ׼СӨһֱҧ´˵ˣΪˣæǸ
֣û£ûôеôɣСӨҧҧ´ͶԸ˵
ΡӨáֻǲ˼ܣ԰˵˵ҲһЩģ׷ǳεĶСӨ˵
ð֣ҪǸе˵ЩǾ˵˵ɣСӨҲͬˣ˵֮󣬿סȻ׶ЩˣԾͻסʼ׶šӨ̫Բˣôί֡±ţᱨģ׷ǳеĶСӨ˵
֣˵ʲôأҵĹҪТŶԣô˵Ļأʲô±ţҪңٵģԺǧ˵ĻˣСӨ˾ͱԹ˵
ããԺ֤ô˵ˣæӦ
ֺСӨĶͷ϶ð˿ˣ΢죬Ҳ֪۵ԭǻԽԽܵԭģֻƿʼס׵ĳŬ׶š
ӨҪˡǾ˰ɡסġ׿ܿСӨۣǳεĶ˵
֣ҪǷˣǾǰˣ֣㡭㶼ûиеҪ𣿡СӨ˵ɬͨˡ
ӨԡԲ𡭰Ŀǰûָоء˵ͿСӨԸڴϣסԼߣĶǰ߸ͻֻͦ鷿ҲŲţ϶ʱ¶̰˷ܵɫСӨԼʱæ͵͵ʿˮСӨҲûие֣ΪǰΰǰСʱϵģڲʮӣ϶䲻ģǴ̼һ¡뵽̼һ£СӨʱͺϹѾԼˣҪԼ鷿øһ£ԼҲǴӦģڸײڣԼô˼أСӨס׵ȻŬ׶ţҪǸ״̼һ£û׼ͻ˷ܵˣϹʱҲһԼ΢ССݣһ˷ܣͻˣԼϹ͵͵ǲϱС˵ϣҲӵС˵ϵǸϱֻҪĹһССݣĹͻ̼һ˷ܣ̲סľ˳ģСӨ뵽ɬģͬʱҲеǳĴ̼ԼĶϱҪǸһССݴ̼ϱɵĹϵȻеرĴ̼ǻ˵ģˣôأһһɣ뵽СӨͱŬס˶İ׶ţ߱ܵתһ۸ף뿴ϵıǲǻôʹ࣬ǵСӨϸ׵ʱʱ͡ৡһ£ֻֻ۾̰ضԼؿ
׼СӨͻȻѾˣСӨ˸ţ˲ʱεæһߣҲѾΪҪˡ
ţԭһֱ͵͵ԼذȻѾ׼ˣǵָ͵ԼʱСӨǸеǳɬʱСĶţͨ죬ҲҲӵˣѨеˮҲֹסӿ˳Լڿ㶼Ѿʪ͸ˡ
ʱĸױСӨԼ͵غǸвĶˣʱεİһߣ쳣ĶСӨ˵ΡӨֶԲ㡭Ҳǹġֲֵ̾ˡǸСӨôҲĲ̣æסɬο֣ҲôˣҸûйأĲ鶼ˣģ㡭Ҫ뿴ǡǾͿ¡˵Ժ󣬾СӨԼҲ벻Լôֻ˵Ļأʱ͸еӵɬˣҲӼٵĿ
ΡӨ˵𣿡СӨ˵Ļ׵϶ʱӹһϲת˹СӨž׵ƯЩ
šСӨȻ룬ҲΪԼղ˵ĻеڣǼȻĺ͵͵ӦһСĶľ͸ˡ
׼СӨͬˣʱϵľ¶ϲ˷ܵı飬Ҳ͵͵Ŀǰֻʷᒴı鷿ˣҹĿˣֻֻ۾͸¶̰ɫֱĶСӨؿСӨҲɬѾͨˣąиеźͲɬΣͬʱҲеرĴ̼˷ܡ
Ը׵ֲСӨ촩ŵ·Ǻܱصģ촩һϥһȹֻ¶ź۵ֱۣλȹסȹȴVƣ԰޳滹̻¶һСƬѩ׵ļСӨȻеرɬȴĪЩԼôôأҪǴһٵص·ʹԼѩ鹵Ҳ̻¶һ㣬ø׿û׼˷ܵڼԼ·ξѾô̰ˣҪԼ̻¶һ׵鹵ʱСӨԽԽеɬȥˣͻȻࡱһתһףԭ̰ضԼʱؿ̲סһĭʱǱɬͨͬʱҲе˷ǳΣԼ߰ţһֱ̰ĿֱĶԼǰĸʵ鷿ʹСӨеֺΣɬһֱҧ´ġ
ʮӹȥˣס׶ȻԽԽӲûһҪļֻѾ˺üˣڶеԼֻСҲˣôѽҪǸ㸸ССݴ̼ٹСʱҲ䲻ģҲǵģôҪһ˼ҵ鷿أ⿴ܽʲôⰡĴӦҿĶϱأѾǼ˼ˣѾϱ֮䲻֮ˣҪ鷿ǾǸˣΡӨڿ˵ˡ
ţСӨ˿Ϊ¶ƵӦһ
̰ͷ촽Ȼǳ˵ӨһˣǷɣ֣˵ʲôأСӨ˱ԹƵ˵һ䡣
١ȥֿҲǳġеĶСӨ˵
֣˵βǰŪ𣿡СӨһ죬ź˵
ӨǻۻģּôۣĲ̰ǽ֮ˣǸŮʿôƯÿۻô죿ô򿡿쳣ۡϲĶСӨ˵ֻ۾ȴʱʱ͵͵СӨǰĸ鷿
֣򿡿ʲôҡǾԲܶ˵ѽҪһᶪ˵ѽСӨֱԹƵĶ˵
ԶԶԣǾԲܶԿ˵ģư֣ԽԽͿˣ˲ŻȻ˵
ֻ֪ҰŪ鶼ǲ֪ѽСӨס˶ԽԽӲһǾŪģ˵ͲĴ㰵ʾˣܲǾͿԼˣԼֻЩˣԼֱ˵ǾԲܵˣ鶼ǲ֪ģͻȻ۾һ⻰ǲӨڰʾԼʲôأҪô˵ĻأԸԼֱͬԼӨѾǺܷŵĿˣֶԼ˵ĻڰʾԼģԼץסᣬҲԭԼģ뵽¶һˣʹŲСӨӨ㡭⻰˵ʲô˼ѽ֣ʲôѽСӨʱ͸еܾϲѾеҰʾĻˣָеرĺ
㡭˵Ǳ鿡ǲ֪仰׳ŵ˵˳
˵أСӨΪɬѾܺˣֿʼ֮ҧ´ģ쳣Ľߡ
˺ͻȻȻˣʱϾӹһϲæ˵Ө㡭˼˵ǿı𣿡Ҳ֪СӨͨ죬ҧҧ´쳣ɬĵ˵һ䣬ɬɬɬģɵӿҲôˣȻǵصصׯˣȴһǳ֮ˣҪҲôĶӿˡ
ԴСӨкɬɬıѾ֪˸ţԼǸˣȻСӨô˼ˣԼٲһЩĻṼ
Ө£ڿʼˡ
ţ˵ɣСӨ߻һֻ׶Ÿ׵Ȼ˵
ȥĻۻģһʱҲ䲻ҪǡҪð鷿һ˷ܾˡµ˵˳
СӨ˸е쳣ĺܾϲڿ˵ˣҲɬͨˣҲ֪˷ܻɬԭ򣬽ŵͷӦҲǣӦҲǣһֱڱԹֱˣҪأôɬĻô˼׿ڴӦأ˵꣬ڴͰĿ⿴СӨͲӦǼٳûдӦȴԽԽ죬ɬɬģһֱҧ´ûпڣǼˣſͲ˼¾˵
ʱСӨȴɬģĻش𣬶ֲ˼ڣһЩͷ̼һ£ԼŬһʱҲ䲻ģԼ˫˺öˣѾЩˣǹûһҪļô죿ô죿ΡӨǲ˼˵𣿡ҲǸ֮ˣСӨ컹ûпڣû˵ͬ⣬Ҳû˵ͬ⣬ģȴԽԽɬˣҲԽԽˣҲ֪˸ţ˳
ʹСӨеӵɬſеȻ뿪׵ķ䣬ԼŬôˣҪľʹ뿪Ǿǰˣҧҧ´ڿʼ˵ˣ֣£Ҹأסǧ߿֪𣿡˵꣬СӨĶˣѾͨ죬ҲˣӨȻԼ鷿׿ڶԼ˵ģ׶ʱ˷ܵȫĲһ£ԼǲˣԼĶǲˣʱ˵жˣӨԼĶͣǹ·ȿѵģҲԼãȵľԼҪӨŬԼԼĺǰͷ
Ө֪ģ֪ģô߿أϱܣ˭ܸߵģ׼˷һ󣬾æСӨ˵ǳļϱܣСӨ˸׵䣬ʱɬҧҧ´˵ģȴеǳĴ̼ţԼȻ͹ˣ˰ҲеرĴ̼֣Ҫ֪Ҳ¼ģҾ㾡Ҳʹ࣬Ҳۣ֪ҵ˼𣿡СӨ¸׻ֶš
Ө֪ģΪǺðǰҪˣһ̼ͻ˷ܵױ߼˵һֻƵ֣̫˵ԭֶֻƲסزţȻСӨǰֻʱ鷿



 
ŹƵĸԼԽԽСӨŵ඼ˣͬʱҲɬܺ죬ȴָеǳĴ̼˷ܡ
ţҵ鷿ϹûбڶҪڶ𣿶˻Ϲİְ֣ԼĹ
ԣԲóϹ֮Լ鷿ԲԣСӨ뵽Ů˱ܵķӦ׼ת㿪ҪԼǰֻ鷿
Ѿ̫ˣһСӨǰʱ鷿ʱ̫˷̫̰ԭͻȻһץסʱ鷿͸·־ʹҪ֣԰֣Ķϱۣ֣㰡ŪˡСӨҲû뵽ƻͻȻٵһץסԼǰ鷿ʱ͸е쳣ľ֣ҹƺԼϹ޷ȣϹÿԼ鷿رģҲЦƵĶԼ˵˵Լ鷿رİۣˮһ鷿ģԶԼ鷿
ڵĹȴǺоģΪǸׯںȻˣ־һ˻Ҫ̰Լ鷿þˣԼ鷿оħצķǳʹ
ȻѾ׼ˣһҪͷʱŮ˱ܵķӦСӨ;һſסȻ֣һץסŰԼ鷿ħצʹ߾ʧɫغѾֵĹǿϾʹ˴סأʱжƵģоƽץסСӨ鷿ʹţƾСӨֻץסôʹ޼¡
֣ĲаĶϱˣſòãץˣۣ㰡СӨͨ죬ָеְֻ֣ϸֽץס󣬲Լ鷿ĹӨղðģôһӾͷأƱ߽ץסСӨǰ鷿񷢷Ƶʹţߴżٵĺ˵
ֱ֣ҲˣְСӨֻ۵СֽץסʹĶ˵
鷿ǺеģֻҪϹһĸоͻ鷿ϴȫÿ䣬ʹ嶼Ѹٵ
˵ǳϹ֮ˡ
Ǵʱȴǡǡ෴鷿ץסţûһоҲ˵ǸеĸоƸķǳʹ˵仰ҲǷԷθ֮ԣԲװģģӨǰַſ𣿡ҲеСӨˣͱֹͣסƣæ˵
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СӨ˲һͻعȥ˵֣Ǿɣϰأع˵õģõģӨǰ־ͲˣȻϱͲٷϢˣСӨһֱܺãԼҲ֪ôӦҪأ



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лл︸׽ʹ࣬ллҹһ񫣬ţ֪ж˷쳣˷ܵضСӨ˵
СӨ˾ͱܵҵĿһʱͨϹļĺӲӲأƵģϹļʹûӲģϹأȻﵽһС߳ȴûʵսڼϹļôӲͲСѨҲ
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ʱСǸɲһһš
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СӨҧҧ´ȻһֻϸСִȻϣеӲֿ̣ʼٵš
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֣˵ʲôѽΪʲôҪСӨʱͱĻ˵ͿˣӨҪǲôаأǲðٿ鹵ǲǰһ죬εıСӨ
СӨǿЦãæ˵֣Ƕ׵ˣİ㡭뿴㿴ˡ˵СӨѾɬͨˣҲԽ˵ԽˣԼҲ֪Լô˵ĻҲʱһԼƲסЩССݣ̼һ£Żԭɡ
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֪ҪɳϰԼæɳŲȥɳϾǺխСģŲĿλûǲġ
СӨ˾ͰǸԶȥȻƨɾ˿ճɳϣʱеرɬΪԼƨɽڹĴϡ
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ǡֻ֡׼ŶСӨ˼ҧҧ´ǳɬĵĹ˵
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ʱĸĺ޲Լ೤ֻ۾Ϊˣ뿴СӨ֮鹵뿴С֬ļ



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һγϹ֮⣬ֻʣһõڶ˿˻ԼĹСӨѾɬͨ죬ĵһȴǸеǳĴ̼˷ܵģʱȫԽԽȼѨѾ̵ĲˣҪŤŤʱ䣬¾ͻʧˡ
סеɬæһź۵ֱۣһסȻϣʼ׶ѾСӨֻʣһָ̼ķǳ˷ܣ̲סſں˳
֣ҪǾͺСӨ˱ʹסȻ׶ţ쳣ɬĶ˵
Ө־㡭ϵļզôÿأ쳣ĶСӨ˵
СӨû˵Ҳ֪ô˵ֻǺɬҧ´ŬΪţҲǷǳżģԼƲסΡӨܲðһϵļ̰СӨ֬Ĺ⻬ˣȶ˶ƬɰͰ͵촽˵ǿڣ̲ס˵˳
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׼СӨͬˣʱͼȫҵĲһ£ȻͷɰͰ͵촽ͼɴһֻƺͳڸũϼСӨ֬Ĺ⻬ȥ׵̰СӨһֱûаҪ˼ùԼϵ̰еرĴ̼ϼĸϹ⻬ļʱҲ̼ȫĲһ£ͬʱҲеϼϵļеʹȴرĴ̼
ΡӨ㼡ûŶ׵ϼСӨ֬ļϸţ쳣˷ܵض˵
СӨȻеرĴ̼ͬʱҲеǳɬԼôƯŮʿһʵͰ͵ͷӸԼѩ׹⻬ļһʻţϵĸоˡ
ȥƽЩģĿǰҪĻе̼˷ܣŻƲססȻİСֿʼɿ׶ΡӨͻȻ׺СӨ֡
СӨѾˣѨԽԽˣˮֹסӿ˳оֻ˺ҧʺƵģһֱŹܿͻȻԼͲĿһֻԼѩ׹⻬ļϸţ̰ضԼָֿеϼļЩʹͱ֣ܵզˣӨֽܲܰðֿ鷿ָе̼һ˷ܾͻģ̰ЩӵСӨ˵Ժ᲻ͬ⣬æһ䣺ֻͺã֤ġСӨ˾ɬҧҧ´ڶزˣҪùԾһ죬쳣ɬĵ˵֣㿴ԣֻ֪ǧҪ߿ŶʱСӨеԼ͹е֮ҲǷǳ̼һ飡ΡӨֲɵӣ°ôܻ߿أֻ㲻߾ǴҲģ׼СӨѾӦˣʱޱȼĶСӨ˵
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һҪϢˣȫ˼£ֻ۾ֱĶСӨزѾЩɳֱ¶ѩ鷿⿴֮鹵ҲԽԽˣ֮γһķ羰ߡ
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ֻСӨֱۻԲ鷿⣬žźֺɫͷʱͷѷӲҲѾͷıӲΧͷһСȦɫͷһЩΣȻֱȫֻ׵ȫ¶ڹΰҵǰˡ
ʱСӨһΰԼ鷿ȫȫ¶ڳϹ֮ĵڶǰɬǲ֪ģɬлӼһִ̼˷ܡ
̫ˣ̫Ưˣԭÿ챻СӨ·鷿״ôĺÿ鷿ر˶鷿ǱЩŮ˻˶һЩģ鷿ûһ´ļ󣬷ᒴװۣˮһģرŰ鷿⴦ͷѩ鷿ԵмرĿѾ˷ܵĲˣҲˣǵĿˮҲ˳
֡СӨ¶ǰֻᒴеԵİ鷿Ѿ˷ܣѾǳˣȼѨԽԽĺ빫Լסʹ׶ŵȻԼ̵Ѩ棬ֻ룬ȴʵֵĸоʹСӨҪˣǶôĥ˰԰ͲùȻԼӽ棬ˮݺݵĳϴԼƱ塣
ԡԲӨֻ䲻ͲһˡҪð鷿һ˷ܡͻġ£ЩӵĶСӨ˵
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ھҧ´ҲӲѨеˡ
Ѿ˷ܵҪһֻסСӨһֻ鷿ģ̰һֻҲСӨزһֻװ۵ı鷿ϣȻָһգץסֻ鷿ѱֻ׵鷿Ķ״֡졭ɡҡҶܵĲˡСӨ˵ҲŲˣȷʵִסˣŻĹ˵ԼܵĲˡ
ΡӨˡˡֻϼƱ߷ֱסСӨزֻ۷ᒴ鷿ţ쳣˷ܵ˵
֡㰡㡭СӨߴŽ˵ʹסȻ׶ţͲù
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СӨæһְֻѷڲ輸ϵë˹æȻϣһֻסȻƷɿ׶ţΪСӨ֪ϾҪˣɿ׶ëȻľҺŪϣΪ֪ÿرģͻȻֻ׵ҵĲ˼£СӨ˫ϵֻҲķ
СӨ֪ˣΪкܶľҺëסȻס󼦰͵ϡ
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СӨմűŵʱһûбˣŵĿ϶ԼĹΰˣͶŷ˵֣ʲô𣿡Өˣ㻹ڼ˷ȥϰɣ𣿡ӷ⴫˽
֣ˣһǵԵˣСӨ޿ǵ˵˳ΪҪ͹һ緹ǻ𣿷ⰲ˺һ󣬹Űִ˽ӨָղŶ׷ˣھȥˣڼ԰ɣ֣ĲڼҳԷˣСӨ붼ĶŷĹ˵
Ө㲻Ǿ˵ʳٳԣɣһӺ𣿡ĴŰִӷ⴫롣
СӨһ𣬹ôôԼڼԷأм᲻ʲôأѾˣһҲǺܰȫģ緹ȥλϰɣһǸӣ֪ΪʲôҪԼڼԷ֣ǺðɣҾڼ緹ȥλϰɣСӨžͶĹ˵
̫ˣӨھȥˣ׾ϲִ˷棡СӨû˵֪Ѿ뿪ԼķſˣĻױ̨ǰžӻױ
ʱ߳䣬ԭǲ͹λһ
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ʱ򣬼Ѿһһ׷СӨĺô̵ʱճһ
ӨԷɣߴӳȥ߷ǳȵĶСӨ˵ϻ¶Цݡ
СӨļУԼӵһΰ﹫죬ԼģҲûۿԼ˵¶ЦȵĺԼ˵Щˡ
СӨǺһĬĬͷֻܳ׷ҳԵĻرĿ죬Ժ÷뿪ңȥλϰ࣬ú͹һΡ
Өյĺζ𣿡лûСӨ
УóԵģСӨҲû̧ͷŹ˵ͷ˵
Өղлл㣬ֶ֪ô㡭ʱǳжĶСӨ˵൱ĳϿң֣˵ˡǺǺСӨɬһ죬κɬı˵һ䡣
ӨһҪ˵ģҪڶܵģԵ÷ǳ
СӨ֪ҪԼڼҳ극ȥϰ࣬϶ʲôԼ˵ģ֪ҪԼ˵ʲôˣں棬Ҳ֪׻Լ˵ЩʲôСӨͱܵİǾ׵Ư̧Ĺ
Լʱ˵ײһСӨæܿ񣬶ҲæܿСӨϱ϶¶˷ǳεı顣
֣ʲô˵ɣžˣСӨæĹ˵ȻͿʼͷ
ӨÿڣֲŷҪڼ극ȥϰ࣡СӨ˵
СӨû˵ȴһֱš
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СӨʱһæ̧ʹ飬˵߳Լ쳣ŵĺŶ˵֣ѽͣٴˣӨֶԲ㣬ǰֶԲ㰡־ǸĺܸڳԼʹǺĪװģ֣СӨںݺݵĳǻˣͻȻһ
ĺסˣҲֹͣ˳ԼˣؿСӨ֣ôأ֪ڷʱǿƲסԼѽҲѯ˺ܶʳ޽ˣʱʧȥǵģõ󣬾ͻĪģ㲻ô𰡣Ĳ㣬޽û㣬˵ҲԸģСӨͽŶ˵˵һ죬Ҳúܵˣǳĺߡ
Ө˵ʳ޽ʱʧȥûְ𣿡۾һһϲæСӨ
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ӨԸ𣿡СӨеǳɬĻ
ҡСӨɬͨ죬֪ô˵ˡ
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֣ҵϱҰӦõģôҪ㱨أԺ˵Ļˣ֪𣿡СӨװĶ˵
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СӨ˹ĻĺܱԹ֣֪ڰʹʱ֪ҵж𣿵Ҳܸ߹ģֻԼĵˣԵܺĥҲֻԼһܣʱСӨĸеԼί
֣˵ˣԷɣСӨǸĵˣñ˵жĻ¹Ҫ˵ȥֹҪ˵ˣӨһҪ߿𣿡˻ЩӵСӨ
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֣һһҪģԺſ棬ҲҪȻЩ֪㿴ǱܿģͻʲôˣСӨͻȻ˵
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ӨҪǰ´ٷˣô죿εСӨ
֣ģһǻģСӨԥһ󣬾ͺ쳣ɬĵ˵
лл㣬ӨǰҪڷʧȥǣְֵ𣿡ֵӵСӨ
⡭СӨ˵ˣ͸ôûشأһڷҪԼ£ô죿ԲӨֲģСӨ˵ʹʧıСӨ˵
֣ǡǾ͵ʱ˵ɣ˵ǲǹˣСӨʧı飬ԥһº󣬵˵
ǣʱ˵ʱ˵æͷ˵š
֣ڼ緹һ᲻𣿡СӨͻȻ
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ӨֻҪ㲻ְ֣ԺԲϼҵˣСӨЩˣæ˵
ţͺãˣ֣ҺͿؼҵʱڿǰһҪȻЩͶܣÿɵģأſ治˵ģ֪ûУСӨǸŮʿǸ֮ˣҲԭģһùڿǰȻЩͲỳɹԼʲô˵ˣҲ׷Լġ
ԼſװŶԹɬԹĲǣԼڿвǸˣ֪ģ֪ģСӨĻһϲæСӨ˵ȴЩСӨĻǸԼԼһſģԼܣǿţԼܣԼǲǱϹʱĸ׶ȥˣԼԼһԤУСӨԼеǸģҲԼȻ֣ҳԺˣҪȥλϰˣСӨ˵վղŵ͹ĽԹû֮ǰôκɬˡ
ŻǹܵԼڼ緹ҪԺǶκɬҲǸ£ӨԱ𣿡ԵرĹ
Աˣ֣鷳ʰһˣСӨ˵꣬ͻȻһ죬쳣ɬĵ˵Ƿڲ輸ϵëһҪסȥϴɾҪǱ֪ˣǾ鷳ˣһ󼤶ԽԽСӨкøˣæ˵ӨİɣֻѼʰĸɸɾԲһĺۼ֪ģСӨ˹仰ʱ׵ƯϾͺĻ˺Լ֮Ѿʲô˵һڼҪȥλϰ࣬Ҳûôˣɳűߣ˭ùæߣȥĸ߸ЬЬȻͷĽűߡ
֣ǸأСӨһ죬ԵرɬйΪԼĶϱӵģӨֽ˺üʹ࣬ΪһСҲǲΪģǳϿҵСӨ˵
֣Ժſ治ӵģ֪𣿡СӨ˵
֪ģ֪ģҪǿڣҾͻΪСģϣܽܣ׻ϿҵضСӨ˵
СӨܼȥλϰ࣬ҲûṫĻͻŸ߸Ь󣬾Ϳ˷˳ȥ



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׽ȥҽԺҵʵﻹǺܵĸ׵ģҽԺǺܴģɫ˶С
ڹ˾İ칫ڵϹţߵҽԺĸףŵϾŵӣһǲҽԺĸף͸ĸϢ裬Ұڲ𣿡
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ĸϻع˵ðͷӰһߣӨӨ߶ˣ
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뻹ƣСӨÿζҵĺߣҳ˿ͷĸҵĺߣü컹ҵĸŮֱһģ̳һ
췽㻹Ҫ͵͵ûоĸߵĳ˿ͷ˼һṦĸϢͼĸַһϢô°˵죬ֲϢˣҿҲǿķǵŶ軹˵ã
ҿĸϢ̲סЦЦѹСӨ裬ŮҪõģСӨŮСĸһЩûйϵģĸ׻߶ǵ˵ĸģҾͲ˵ĸˣÿζǾܵ˳ʹĸ׶ӻҪãʵҲǸ֪ͼ֮ˣҪĸңҲнĳɾͣҶĸҲرĺã
ͻȻûиĸϢæعȥһϢ裬ˣղһЩأӸϢˣϿǧŶĸϻϢˣϣҲˣҿĸϢ󣬵һԼһӣôԶĸ˵Ͽǧĸ˵ϵģæϢ裬˭˵ϰŮŮ軹ôƯô˵أĸܿϢ󣬾ͿˣüЦ
ҲæЦȥ
ĸַϢˣ費ˣ֪ڹҲǺæģҪҲǿЦģͺúùҲҪؼȥˣͷ͹ԣæظĸ裬ҿˣؼҵ·עⰲȫŶ
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ҿĸϢҲˣ͸ĸȥһϢ裬֪ˣллŶ裡ĸع˵ɵӣ軹ôأ費˵ˣúùɣҸĸһϢȥõģ
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ţҰִҽԺؼˣֱֻӴСӨĶС
СӨһؼˣô֪أʹŽŵæϹô°ţţûµģ˵ղҷϢ˵Ұֿ쵽ʹҽԺȥˣ˵Ҫ˳ˣ˵гĲʻˣ˵ҲûˣӦòʲôµģڵ绰жСӨ˵
СӨ˺֪һǹԼĸ˵ĽˣΪʱڷУûнԼİְֿ϶ùȥģԲһæֻ˵ϹûµģͺúðĵĹɣҲæأõģװģݰݣ˵ž͹˵绰
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СӨϢ󣬲ŷ͹͵ĸоʹԼĪĸеرĴ̼ʱŵƯϾͺ
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ԵرĿģˡ
ҺСӨЬҲͽ˲
ӨԳԷˣ׼ǻЬˣͺЦŶ˵
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ЩεĶԸ˵֣СӨÿ°ؼңҪģŶҲǷǳεӦһ
֣ȳԷɣСӨϾͳģ˵žڲǰҵλϡ
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ǡǾȳ԰ɣ׼Ҷô˵ˣҲ˵ʲôˣϾСӨҵţԾֻ˳ˡ
ʵѾСӨԼˣСӨ͸Ѿ˹ͬˣǶ֪ϱܡ
Ը׶СӨرĹˡ
ŮүүιԷ𣿡ͻȻС˵
ҪҪιҳԣСĺܴϰСӨιԷˣүүιԷ
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û뵽С᲻øι
Ը׼ڳˣֻÿʼԷˡ
ڸ׿ɶȾˡ
Һ͸׾ͿʼԷˣСһĿš
ǳԵһʱżСӨǲ̫˵СߵλϺ󣬾ͿʼιԷҺ͸׶û˵һ仰ֻǺСһûһ˵š
ԴСӨ︸ԺСӨÿڳԷʱĬĬģҲϰˡ
ǸûˣȻСӨѾſ棬װŲԼ˵ڵǲװЩԼֵᷳԼأԴʱĸûеˡ



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Һ͸׳СӨιСķҾͱСڿţ׾ͽʼʰ
ֻСӨһڳԷˡ
ױڳʰţ߲ʱ͵͵˿ڲǰԷСӨ˳ƯԷľֹҲôŴ󷽣ˣﰵſ֪ǱĸȢôһƯŮʿţҲΪˣԼʱһǧɣĸ뿪ԼԼΪ˿ܺĸ۸һֱȢһʺһֵֵİѿˣڿǳϢˣԼѾͷˣʳ޽һӣ޽ʱʹ࣬ԭΪһҲʹжȹˣ벻ӾסĴУԼʱϱӨԸΪԼԼʹ࣬ʹԼѿήָȼˣϷʱ·˶ϱӨ鷿ʱٴηڼĿԼʧȥ»ҪӨѹ˸ԼԼǽ۵鷿
Լ̼̲ס˳ҲָˣҲĪڲͣԼӨҲԼģʱĸеֺֽ£ϼһ֮ģԼҲûˣûټϱӨˣǺ뵱ʱӨҲǺԼģû׼ԼأԻǻŽӨڼ緹ȥϰ࣬̽̽Ŀڷ磬û뵽ӨһҲûԼҲûԼһοԼҪ𣬺Լ˵ܣʹԼеǳľϲͬʱҲƣӨΪʲôΪʲôԼһԼһſӨ浽ôģ°ؼҺ󣬲Ҫ˵ûкԼ˵һ仰ҲûпԼһ£ȻںһԷʱѾǰԼˣ浽ôģԼһҲ֪ģڿһĬĬڲǰŷҲ֪ﵽ׻ʲôӺСӨͳԺ˷Ҳûаѷõȥֱվͻطȥˡ
СѳԺ÷ˣҲˣҪ棬ҾͱңСӨڴϣ󱳿ֻڿұСˣæͷ棬ȻͺСڴϷˣ˰˵ʱСڱСӨ˯ˣҰС𱧵С˯Ҿͻص䣬СӨѾڴˣϴ衣
ҾڷĵǰһͼСӨѾϴͶ˵Ϲ跢ϢûУҰּʱԳԺСӨĻóֻ߶˵Ŷţûأϸ跢Ϣһ£СӨҲû˵ˣһЩص˯¿ϴ£óֻڿʲô
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ĸϻϢ˵ҽԺأôʲô𣿡
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ҷȥοĸ裬Ƣӵģ˵ɽ׸ıƣǨЩɣҽԺƢ϶᲻õģҪˣ̾ͺˣҪǾŮˣ
ŹӺĸͻϢˣ˵ҪҲ˵ûˣŮãĸϢʱ򣬾ڴϵСӨңϹô˵ּʱԳԺţһûأҶСӨ˵
㶼ʮˣûʣǶʲôѽ̸˵ɣСӨЦĶ˵ȻͿЦ
ţ˵ʲôѽҵĸôЦҲǵģһȣȻͱԹŶСӨ˵
ЦôССӨЦŶ˵
Ǻǣţ㻹˵ԸҵԸĺܺϵأҲЦǺǵСӨ˵
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ȻˣһأСӨסЦ˵ôżӣ񻹺ܿƵġ
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ͷôˣǰҳ˺СӨģĸĵģҵĸҵϱСӨҲǵģҲ㰡¾ͶţҵĸʱֵƢˣҺ迪ҲӦõİǺǣһΣǲŮˣСӨסЦǳҡ
ǡŮ˰ֻܳˡ
ⲻ㻹˵ֻһˣСӨ촽Ķ˵
ţĴҲ԰˵žʹЦ
Ųأ˵ֻһˣҲź𣿿СӨЦŶ˵
ͻȻæ˵Ϲˣ˸跢ϢˣŶ滵ˣҪˣ˲֪ղֺСӨˣ˵ֻһãĸڻûлϢһˣͶСӨ˸OKƣûˡ
СӨЦЦȻֿЦƵĶ˵˼Ҳ̸˵ˣô˵ˣ֪СӨǿЦģҲڶ˵һ䡣
Ȼ͸ĸһϢȥ裬ôϢأ
ĸֻڵҵϢɣԺܿͻ˹軹ûͿأ֪ӨӨ죬ԾͲСڣͲ㷢Ϣˣ
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ĸϻϢЦţѾͷԽԽˣŮĸ￪ҲǺ°ɣѾͷأǺǣ
ҿĸϢ󣬾ϻظĸ˵裬ǿЦģˣĸʱԳԺأ
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ĸع˵⺢ԽԽˣаɣͺӨӨҽԺǰɣǺǣæعȥ˵裬õĺõģҺСӨһȥҽԺǻؼҵģ
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Ϲǻ˯ɣСӨĪһУϲ֪ô£ﲻϹ̸ڵ飡͹͵͵ؼϹ﹫ԭɣţôˣҶʱ͸еСӨЩ쳣ƽʱֻҪԼɬĺԼϼ̼ģֻܿ⣬Ծ
ϹûأôˣϾʵʵϢɣ𣿡СӨض˵
ҲԣҲͬСӨˣϢ´ٺúõķһΣһҺСӨû˶СӨ˵ģҿΪСӨ̫˵ԭ򣬽Сܵһ㷴ӦҲûУСӨ˵Щ̼ڵĻ⣬ԼСܻܵзӦģСӨûȤֲ˼ٿں˵Щ̼Ļ⣬ټϰϰ඼˵ԭԾŵδǾͻӵˡ



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ڶ죬ҺСӨճȥϰ࣬ҲûҪȥҽԺҵʹҲ˲٣ֻҪڼͻܰȫģҲܰĵڹ˾Ͷ빤УСӨȴˣʱڰ칫Ҿյһݣһ飬ԼʱûϹʲôôͻȻյһأſ˵˭ǸûзַǱеģջҲԼݵ˭ĸԼأں棬ʹݵװȻһƯƷС
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Өæ𣿷˵𣿡żֻдСӨĶС
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СӨ˸׵Ļ󣬾ŵڷˣһ
СӨֻڶߵģһʹ˸׵ֻ˺ʱ쳣ľϲΪΪСӨ˵ûзǺʧĲ̾һ˵СӨǺϣԼܷģʹ׸еرľϲҲ϶СӨԼ˼ģҪôԼ˵ûзô̾أʱ׾ͼСӨӨյֵ𣿡ʲôСӨһʱⲻȥʵ
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СӨﾪһصǸ͸Լģ⣬⵽Ǽ˼ʱͷĴˣҪѽΪʲôôһصأæֻ֣ǸʲôΪʲôôһصأ㵽ʲô˼Өûб˼أǡôֽʹ࣬Ҳ֪ôǺãԾһ㡭״żֻдСӨĶ
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࣬ˣΪСӨʼ۸񣬻Լ͸أԾæ۸
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֣Ҳ£밡йͶϱİҪÿ֪ˣôİǾԲµģСӨȻЩ˵ˣϹ֪ˣôģҲҪһ¿ܣӨͲſˣæֻСӨ˵
֣Ҫڲϵģſ𣿡СӨŹ뷨Ҳ̫˰ɣæ˵
СӨ͸߿Լİֳ˵
֣ôأǸѻŮ˻ԼȥһϹŵİСӨ˶̲סЦˣҲ̫˰ɣĻҲ˵ĳԾͶ˵
˿ҲǣԥһͶֻеСӨ˵ǺðɣӨ°ʹؼһְֵģҪ͵͵Ļ֣ÿ֪𣿡СӨ˸׵ĻȻĪһʧУȻԼչǵ˵ҪʱﾹȻЩ᲻ãģ׵õĶϧһʧȥʱǻ᲻õģʵСӨĺϲ۸񲻷ƵģϹ͸ģһǵø˸ҹɣֻϧĹ͵ģ⺬ȫͬˣȻϲǶֻĹ˵֣°ʹؼңģҲÿ֪ģӨǾɣҲҪæֲˣˣ˵ž͹ֻ
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ұ߿ų߼СӨĿЩ㶣鲻̫Ƶģţô˭ˣŶûءСӨڷͻȻҵĻʵľһѹæ˵
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Ϲ˼ҵ㻹İﲻأСӨ˵ҲЦ˼
ţ˵˵£û׼ܰæģǺǣҺЦŶСӨ˵
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Ϲˣ׶԰ſڳ࣬Ϳͣ£ȥӹСӨ߿ǰ׶԰ſڵĺö೵ӣ߶˵
˺Ͱѳͣ£СӨͿ˳ȥ˹ȻͿص˼
ǺһѾϰڷĲһֻ׺ûôˣһǸоóģѵҲ£Լ
СӨĬĬĻص˷䡣
ǺһССӨιҺ͸ȿʼԷȻСӨʹӷﵽʼι
ȥ棬ȴҪȥԼСȥ棬Ҫһ棡СӨССʱ򣬾ȷ³ԷæطӿȡǸ͸ƷУȻصڳʰͽ߰Ʒзڳ̨ϣߵ˵֣Ժͱôصˣδȸ׷ӦСӨ˵ת뿪˳һڲĲǰų
һҲʧˣѵԼ²ĴˣӨԼûһ˼뵽׵һǧɣŹҲˣҲǰԼֱ⣬˼ӨƯǸŮʿôܻԼһũũ˼أڲǰ׷СӨʱ֪游׵飬ﻹЩϧղŻСӨԺ˷һѷڲϣһԵĳ뿪˲Լȥ
ԴӸ˺СӨûڿңû֮ǰСӨÿγڿһģھͲһˣһԺãֱӻطȥˡ
СӨ뷿䣬ϹССŮĿռ䣬ͽϴ˴ϣֻ뿴ϵƪϱС˵ûУΪʱѾⱾϱڵHС˵
ǸʵŮʿ֪Ͽ£Ҫˣֻ͵͵ڿϹҲǾԲܸģ㿪ֻϵɣʱµϾһϲԼղصƪϱڵС˵Ѿָһˣ͵㿪͵͵ؿ



ʮ 
СŮķ棬ͻȻͼſµĶ˵ܲܳһ¡л˵һּ˵ˣΪַˣͱܵ׵ĿһŷΪ׿ɻǺģûдŴ񣬾ʸף֣ʲôأǡСɣҪʱĻֵķһ£л˵˵뿪ſˡ
Ҳƣһʲô˵أʱҲеСŮһ󣬾Ͷ˵һ𣿡СҲͬˣҾ߳С䣬游׵ķſڣǹϵģŰһšžͿˣҾͽ˷䣬ȻŸˡ
׵ķΪǵŵƵģյĶͨ
ڴϣﻹһƷУҲ֪Ʒװŵĵʲôˣ˵ɣ׼ҽˣæ̧ңȻָŴǰĵӶ˵
Ҳ֪׺«ĵʲôҩĵϣȻʸף֣ʲô𣿡Щ˵׼ѾּͿ˵
֣˵ɣҵĶԸ˵Ÿ׵ʲô˵ǧ˵ϼҵĻ뵽ҵľ;ΪԴӸ˺Լϸü˼빤ˡ
Դʱ滹Щŵģ̾һȻϿҵض˵ľúǲ֣˵ʲôأʲôòģһ֪ʳ޽ֻҪһҪСӨʹ֪࣬׵Ǻġ
ֶԲӨҲԲ㣬ĸеֲ𣬰ֶԭ°Լˣױʹͱ˵˵
֣úõ˵ЩʲôأҪûʲô£Ҫȥˣ¸׻Խ˵Խû׼ֻϼҵĻԾͲ븸˵ȥˣͱ˵߳վ
ǲ˵ĻˣֻбĻҪ˵°׼Ҫߵ˼æ˵
Ը˵֣˵ɣʲô˵Өʱ򣬰ʲôûиСڣһֱΪأ°ɣҲǰָǵʱʱǵģ׷ǳϿҵض˵ȻͰеƷҵ
֣ʲôұʸס
ǰһʯСڶʱҲˣӨҲûһ㣬ҲΪǵĲɣͰ͸ӨɣǧӨ˵ǰģͶ˵Լ͸ģĺܵĶ˵
Ҳ൱ĸжʱӨʱʽǺܽŵģԾûٸӨһʯˣ⼸Ϊ¾úܶԲӨȻͷˣһֱæڹŮֶˣԺҪܶǮŮģҲͲ¹ˣ벻츸׻óôһʯԼǸԼСڵĲôܲҸ⣬еϲأҾʹеƷУһʯҲϻˣһ֪۸񲻷ƣʹżʸף֣ôҲҪɣôǮôصʯϼһЩС⣬Ҳ׬һЩǮ°ɣæ˵
֣׬ǮҲףһǮˣҲ̫ˣô˼أҲЩΪˣ͸ӨȻѾ˵ԼģƭӨĺҾԥ
ʲôزذֵǮԺ󻹲Ӱ˵ʱӨֽʹ࣬ҲǸӨĲɣַǳϿҵض˵
˸׵Ļ󣬶ʱ͸е˷ܣĵˣȻеСӨһ͸ʯҲһеر̼£¾ͶԸ˵֣СӨģͲԼ͸СӨ𣿡ɵӣй͸Լϱģ㻹°ɣ͸ӨɣЦЦ˵
ұµģСӨϴŸʯ͸еرĴ̼Ծ֣Ҿɣлл㣬֣ɵӣһˣлʲôأΪǶʱҲûǮʲôڰЩǮҲǸǲϵģ˵Өôİֽʹ࣬ҲǰָĲɣҲοЩģֺܳϿҵض˵
һĪ˷ܣæʸף֣ܵһǰ͸СӨǰԼСӨأǰԼ͸СӨɣͶСӨ˵Լģ׺ЦŶ˵
˺ܸмףȻӦһƷ뿪˸׵ķ䡣
׼뿪ˣ϶ʱһϲ˷ܣ߳˸׵ķ󣬵Ȼϰ͸СӨҪʵʱ͸ԾƷȲҺӺ棬ȻͽС䣬ȻѾ˯ˣæ˯СϣϱӣȻ뿪С䣬ͽңСӨڴֻڿ
ϹأСӨҽ룬æֻͷ£Ȼҡ
ǺǣСһž˯ˣЦŶСӨ˵
ϹǺñûУСӨ˾æҡ
ǺˣţͷİɣǺǣұ˵ڵϣ׼ȹᣡ
ŶСӨӦһڵǰˣóֻ˾ŵ࣬ڴϵʱСӨҷ˰ţûйˣҲЩģСӨȼһҾ;ȫʪˣţզ°ʲô㰡¸СӨһ죬һ˵
ţ㲻ǸŮʿҰ־Ǹ˸˴ЦͬʱҲеر˷ܣСӨϺЩѪˡ
СӨһ죬Ĵҵֱۣ쳣ɬ˵Ͳܵ͵Ҫ汻ˣ㵽û£˼Ҫˣǵģţʲô˼˲СӨ
ʵСӨֻϵǱϱڵHС˵󣬱С˵ϱļ鴲ϷǵѾˣ嶼رȼѨѾķĳˣѹҸղȼһѾʪ͸ˣѾСӨټϱС˵ϵϱ鴲ϷԻĵϱɵĴ̼оҲ˳һ죬Ķ˵Ϲѵ֪˼ÿΰʱȫرܣˮҲֹס˳㲻֪˼ʱжܰ۹ĿǸǲܣ˵˼ǲڻﰡţܿˣ´θҪٷܸĴ󼦰ͣҲǲģҷǳ˷ܣǳϿҵضСӨ˵
ѽҪҵĹ㶼˵Щʲôѽ˼ҾҪ˼ܣ˼ʱСӨͰˣѾѨ̣ͲҵļСѨֹҵļһʱ̲Ծֻ˵һЩҸе˷ܵĻ̼ҡ
ҵȻƻĽģʹ̼Ļǵ˷ܲѣļҲ
ͻȻеһֻС쵽ҵĿ䣬סѾļ;ʹҸеӵ˷ҲøӼӲˣʱҲ̲סķѹ£˵Ļ£ڿѾ뿪Ҳ̲סİѿļͲСӨʪСѨСĻˡڶϣҺСӨϴó˷䣬СӨֱӽС·ҾѾڷڵͣ츸ǰ࣬Ѽ
ˣôӳҾͺЦ˵
ţ֣ˣÿ춼ôΪͣЩмĶԸ˵
أʹˣϲô˯أǺǣЦǺǵĶ˵
֣ԺҺСӨ͵׶԰󣬾ֱȥҽԺԺȥ𣿡ͻȻԸ˵ϾҲܹҵҲҽԺΣԳԺһҪ˵һ¡
׼̽ҪԺˣ̫ˣֵȻҪһȥҽԺҵ׼̳ԺˣǺǣԵرĸˡ
ţǴͺһȥɣҶԸ˵
õģõģˣӨأôû𴲰ͻȻҡ
úܲζСӨҵţôǲЩˣͷһȴǸе˷ܣͶԸ˵֣СӨˣ𷿼·ءŶǻǵһ԰ɣֳСӨĹġ
֣ҾȳˣСӨһ԰ɣҲ֪ԼǸ񾭲ԣȻḸ˵ֻ˵󣬾Ȼе˷ܡ
⺢ӣ˵ʲôǰ־ͺһȳ԰ɣ˵Ļлʱεһ죬æ˵
Ǻǣ֣һԸѽȳԺҪȥˮģԾȳˣ͵СӨһ԰ɣҼױ˵Ķ¶εıˣְѻ˵ˡ
Ǻǣǰ־͵СӨһ԰ɣȳ԰ɣϲ¶Ц˵Ȼתʰˡ
ҺܿͰһԽ˶ȻͶԳĸ˵֣ȥˣǳԺþͿɣ֪ˣڳӦ˵
Ҿһƿˮ˷˳ȥ׼߳ȥˣŴӳ˳ղװŽʰģʵ;ѾʰˣֻվڲﵱҵɵСӨһͣǳεģ֣أʱСӨˣԼϹӳĸס
ŶѾȳˣ˵ȥˮˣæСӨ˵
ŶСӨ˾壵Ӧһ
׶Խ˵ӨҲ԰ɣԺһȥҽԺֳԺ֣ҲһȥҽԺҰѽСӨ˾ʸס
ǰҺֹϵôãȥԺԺֻ»ģױ˵˲ǰϡ
СӨϣȻԼҲԸ˵ţ˵Ҳǣǿ԰ɣڳУСӨֻιԣûк͸׶˵
ȴһûһһСӨ˵СӨûʹҲеǳΣǱ첻˵ˡ
ǳͣСӨ·Լ·ռ䣬ѾѲʰɾˡ
ȻСӨͱ͸һ߳˷ţſڵȵݵʱͻȻֶֻС˵үүɣ豧Ŷ۰ѽүүСԼ豧ıƵģȻͬүүˡ
쳣ϲæһֻƲСӨز֮䣬֪⻹ǹģֱȻСӨزʷᒴ鷿ϲ˼£ȻͰСӨĻﱧ˹
СӨʱɬһ죬Ҳ֪ǲǹģ˵ӹԼŵĺӣС鷿ҲǺģҲû˵ʲôֻ΢죬ɬҧҧ´
ʱžͿˣױȽ룬СӨҲ˵



ʮ Ժ
ڵҳѸˮڼʻϵСӨ͸׵ŵ߷ңͼױСӨڸҵĽγʵҲǺ£˿˾ͱòˣױźӣСӨߣǾһڣԼȴˣָоĺô̼ŶߣСǲǰģǸǰֲϰߣԸ׺ˣСӨǰҵߣȴôҲˣǳСӨں档
СӨȴеΪˣѾںˣվڳⶼ֪ˡ
СӨ㺢ӰɣеС˷ܵضСӨ˵
˵ǰҶСӨģСӨҲẰҿģֻһʱǲŻẰԷϹŵģСӨҲûа취һ죬ֻ˺븸м䡣
ҼǶѾȥˣ˳ҳڿȥγ³⣬ͽ˴Ҵӳڵķ⾵СӨƯЩΣȴǷǳʵģ御ڳߣһҲЩƵġ
СͣСӨһЩС⣬СӨҲĵظš
үүôֲκˣղ㱧˼ң˼ҵĺѽʱСͻȻԸ˵
˾ͱ߲ԼûεĺӣЩεĶС˵ŮүүؼҾͰѺӹˣòãѽѽС˸˵ֻС˵š
裬裬үү׼˹κӣԺÿҪүүκӣүүͲǹκˣòã裡СͻȻֶСӨ˵
ұ߿źλǵ˵ССӨʱҵֲˣĪĸе˷ܣСӨôشСġ
ССӨҲЩ˷ܣҲСӨ׻ôԼıСŮ˵
СӨŮĻ϶ʱͺһ£Ȼ¶εı飬ԥһͶС˵үүôˣǵÿ춼κӵģÿүүѽǲѽѽѽС˸˵С˵š
Һ͸˺ﶼеʧ
һ͵׶԰СӨ³ȻͰСӳﱧ˳׶԰Ĵȥ
ֻһʱ䣬СӨͻˣֱǰ渱ʻĳ⣬ֿ˳ž˽ȥϵĸ϶ʱһʧı飬ղžȻ쿪ˣСӨʱ᲻ỹںҵأɣСӨͶ˵һ䡣
ȻҾҽԺķȥһ·ϣСӨһ仰Ҳû˵ȴһûһĿĸ¥ҡ
ܿ죬Ǿ͵ҽԺˣӳҺСӨǰ棬СӨܴ󷽵ҵֱţ׸ǵš
ҽԺĸܶ࣬ҶһЩٵߣֻһʱ䣬ǾסԺ¥Ȼͳ˵Ĳ
Ҹ˾͸˵ĵ
ĸʰƷСӨ˾Ҫʰ
ĸʮˣ⼸ÿҽԺȻҲǺġ
ŮҪʰҲǲˡ
ɳϣĸæЦŶ˵裬⼸һۻˣϢᣡ˵žͿĸ촩һɫ·ǽԲTǰֻʵ鷿״˳洩һϥǵĺɫȹӣûд˿࣬¶ѩ׹⻬ıֱСȣĸĺСӨĲ࣬ôҲЩ񣬶Ǿεģֻĸ϶ЩβƣԵر죬ĸׯŸ߹֮ˣб͸¶һָ߹ʣݷǧĸߵɳϱ߶˵ʵǿԴ⳵ȥҲһģӨӨǣĺǹⲻȥ裬ô˵ˣŮŮ׵˰סԺڼǶûչˣڳԺļ٣ʲôأǺǣ΢Цضĸ˵
裬˵ĶѽסԺӦŮҽԺչ˵ģҪԼҽԺչҰ֣ѾǺˣڰֳԺˣҺͿǻȥǻһӵİСӨǵĻ󣬱ߴ¹ʰһЩ·߶ĸ˵
ǺǣǶТ˳ĺοŶĸ˷ǳĸˣЦǺǵĶС˵
ˣ裬ԺûɣͻȻĸ
ҽ͹ģʱõһ¥ɷѴڽˣĸ˵
Ŷ裬Ǵȥɣæĸ˵
õģĸ˵ţֶСӨ˵ӨӨ·װһﰡܺƷװһģ֪ˣ裡СӨ˾Ӧһ
ҾͺĸһЩԺһЩʳĻ⡣
͸׻ĵĺܿģԼǺȾˣʱȴԺٺȾˣҪ屣Ҫ
˵ٺȵûµģҺĸͬʱһۣĸε̾һ
˾ŵӵʱҽųԺ֤סԺ¼˹æվҽһЩԺһЩϸڣҽԺҲĵĶ˵ţȻҾųԺһ¥ҩ˼ҩٵסԺ㴰ڽʣסԺһǧ࣬ʱ˻ؼٿǮʣҾҩʵصĲǶѾʰ׵ҾһصİȴȥˣСЩĶɣðã֣˵ʲôҵĸӱ㻹߳ͷˣ㻹ƻˣҲĶԸ˵
ϵⶼɳڵģư֣˵žԼǽʵظ˸˵Ļּظĵą죬̾磡εĶԸЦЦСӨҲ̲סЦЦҼ֪СӨڳЦҵģʱɫһ죬ȻһС˵߰ɣһСľסԺĴſڣҽſڵһᣬȰѳ
ȻҾһͣѳסԺſڡ
ĸλϵʱ򣬸׾Ͷ˵ԸҪ⳵ؼȥ
øһ˻ؼȥҪһһ£Ȼ˷ٻȥҲĸһ˻ؼȥҲҪ׺һȥ
Ҳûа취ֻ˺λϣĸм䣬׺ĸߣԵЩΡ
СӨǰĸʻϺҾ˳ĸҵķȥһ·ϣǼû˵СӨǰҵҲĬĬģںܼĸߣҲϲ˵ˣ˵׾͸˵ˣĸͺûйͬԵģҲСӨһĬĬġ
ԳԵرİڳ︸Ǻܰȫģǲ᷸ģȴƫƫôȫĳھȻͷˣĸߣںˣرĿ࣬һм׵嶼ĸһˣĸŶ¶İ۹⻬ֱ泵ӵ𶯶ʱʱڸ׵ֱˣ⻹С⣬ҲΪЩС᷸ģǳĸϥǵȹϣŵģĸȹӾȻȥĸûд˿࣬ȥȹӰѩ׹⻬Ĵȶ¶˳ʼ׻ãȥĸ¶װ۵ĴȣǸױϾǸʳ޽ˣЩԼƲסģ˷Ӧ
ʹһﰵп࣬Ҫǵ׼ĸ׼̵淸ˣԼ֪Ƕˣһ׼ĸԼĲǶ˶ˣԴʱĸǷǳĺº;֣æ˫ַڿס𽥹Ŀϡ
ﾡȥĸѩ׹⻬Ĵȡ
Ǹ׻ǿƲסԼҲԽԽˣ˫Ѿڲסɵʱ׼ǣҽԺûϴڽ£ԾæѾȫĿ棬ԷĿǰѾǲᱻߵĸֵģҲʱİȫɣǳô죿ԼܹܲڳϲɣԸֱҲǲɵģ³ɵģ
ԸԽԽʵûа취ˣֻǰСӨˣҪԼͻ̬¶ˣԼȴСӨ裬ҪСӨ֪ˣôԼģһ˵ԼȻ׼ĸҲɫģҲǼ˵°ܱȱ׼ĸ׼֪ĺðɣȻ˼СӨ˵ó͵͵ǰСӨһϢӨַˣ
ǰĬĬСӨͻȻյ׵һϢ֮Ƿǳ𾪵ģû뵽ԼĹͻȻʹһʱҲ֪ˣŵõʧɫˣô찡Լĸĸں棬ԼֲܸϹֲܷϢڿʱСӨںĸ׻Ҫż
׾ȻѰӸСӨԼԵñ֮ǰɶˣΪ֪СӨһΪԼ취ģô죿ô죿ʱСӨļ٣ͻȻʹڿųϹߵĶ˵ַˣ
ڿͻȻСӨԼ˵ŵĶղȷˣæתɻĿ⿴СӨ˼׺úõôͻȻأСӨŶɻĿ⣬Ͷҡҡͷ˼Ҳ֪׵ô᷸ģʱСﶼǷǳżģ׷Ҫĸ֪ˣǸ׾ûټˣϼȥѺСӨҲû¸ˣ
ұ߿Ű취֪СӨʱҲһ취ģ˺þã벻취ΪڿҪ˰취ҲܴСӨ͸ȥԾͰϣСӨˣǸŮʿӱԼʹˡ
ŹֺͻȻСӨ˵ǲ˵·㿴ǰмװ꣡һ֣֪СӨѾа취ˣæСӨ˵ǰСӨҰִϼŵĻЩ·أ㿪ǰǼװͣһ£Ҵȥһ׸֣СӨæ˵СӨǸɣ㿴ĸڳأܲڳǰɣҰϷݵʵһЩ
δСӨ˵ںĸæ˵ǵȻûµģСӨƽʱæҲûʱ㹫·ǰװ꣬ʹ㹫ȥɣ裬·ֲڲгˣʱȽϳģǿܵȲ˵ģСӨĸ˵
СӨҪɣ³ȥ·Ұĸͻؼңٴ⳵𣿡ͻȻСӨ˵
ţҲã֣裬Ҿͺ͹³ˣȻȥҸ·ͻȥСӨ˵žͰתĸĸ˵
õģõģĸæͬˡ
ѳͣ°ɣСӨĸͬˣæ˵
˺Ͱѳ·ͣȻСӨȿ˳˳ͼĳűߣȻ򿪺󳵣׵ĿϸŴҽԺ裬ʱһ죬æԸ˵֣³ɣղС˵Ļ׶װˣ֪ǰԼģʱҲϲʱСӨ򿪳Լ³ΪˣԼϵҪҪҲ³أһ׼ĸô죿



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СӨ׳ٳٲ³ּ˫ۿŸϴ裬ʱ֪Ϊʲôٳٲ³ˣͼǵı߰Ѹϵõ˳⣬߶˵֣³ɣ׼ڿϵͻȻСӨõ˳⣬ʱŵɫҲò԰ˣæ˫סɣ߰һת󱳳ĸٰƨһ̧˳
СӨæѳŸϣ߶ڳ˵쿪ɣ
˾˳ǰ濪ˣûһںĸ˵豻СӨó˷Żسˡ˲ŻȻԭСӨǹóģĿľǸ³ס׵ĿɣЦŶںĸ˵裬˾ˣǻģǺǣ
ˣһҲֵǮҲգĸ˵š
ǰ裡˵һͿʼո³СӨ͸ˣ³ȥأϴ⳵ؼأǾڸһû˵ĵط︸أʱԽԽе˷ܣСӨ͸׸ղһ³һƵģҪڸ䣬ţģǾԲῪģһ뵽⣬ĶȻ񫣬һ뵽СӨ͸ȥ䣬ĪһɴӿͷͬʱҲеǳķŭСӨԼأôܺͱȥأĵһȴеǳĴ̼˷ܣͻȻһˣͶ濪ĳײˣ㿪Сĵ㰡ˣĸҲһ
ĿǲӣʱҲ˵
ţգҺû£Ҳٺ˼ˣҪĿˣžͰעȫڿ桭һ͵ĸסСſڣҰѳСĸסǴ¥µſڲŰѳͣȻ³Ϊ˰ѳŴ򿪣µĳȻĸҲ³ˡ
Ҿʹ򿪺䣬ѴСóȻôĸСճԺȻöˣĸסڰ¥ǳ˵¥ĸóԿ׿˷ţҾͰѴС˽ȥ
Ҫڿ￴ӣĸ͸ոճԺܿӵģҪȥϢ
ĸ߶ɣҲͻطϢˡ
ҰĸѴСƷóóҩʱͶĸ˵裬ЩҩҪðְʱԵģ涼Ѿбעˣţ¥ȥЩˣǶԷɣĸ˵
裬⼸չ˰Ҳˣҿ˰ɣæĸ˵
ôأֺСӨҪģ軹ȥ˰ɣڼע֣ھ¥ȥˣĸ˵
裬˰ɣҸСӨ绰·ֱӻؼȥҪˣ鷳㣡СӨ͸ڶ֪ɶܲҲǸδ֪ԾͶĸ˵
ⲻǾܾҼУеģ軹ȥ˰ɣĸǺ֮ˣȻѾҸˣҪܾĸͬģҲûа취ֻĸȥˣֻϣСӨ͸㵽ĸҪĸѲպòˣǻûлĻҲöĸˡ˵СӨ˳æ˳ţȻͰݸĹ
æӹڿϣȻεվ·ߣģЩСӨļϾƯվڹߣһʻţϵĸо
·ϵ˶ùĿ⿴СӨԽԽ죬æһ⳵⳵ͣǵʱСӨ׼ǰ渱ʻϣͶ˵ɣ˵ðĿ⿴СӨ
СӨ㶺󣬾ͺ͹һڳ⳵ĺλϡ
Ȼ͸˾Լҵĵַ
˾СӨ˵ĵַȥ
ӨҪؼ𣿡ͻȻСӨ
֣ؼȥİСӨѰֺһЩ˾ǸŮϵΪܶͷӶƯŮģҽԺкܶƯŮһͷʵŮŰְģ绹ȥȥǱ߳Էأʵ
СӨ˵ͷ˿ڹϵ裬Ȼüͷ˵ɣ˾Ͳ֨ˣѾ¶ʹ֮ɫСӨҲżͶ˾˵ʦܲܿ㣿С㣬㲻·ϵĳô𣿡˾ų߶ںСӨ˵
СӨҲǰĳȷʵܶ࣬ҲͲ֨ˣתϵʹ飬ҲǺżģͻȻСӨеԼֱϼƸסˣʱ;һ£ָģǼʹı飬ðԼԾͷִӹгͷԼСֱסҲܰοһ£аȫУڳ⳵ϣԼ͹һںλϣԼϸСֱסζĸоʹСӨеرɬҲԽԽˡ
Һǰ濪˾Ҫ˰ͬȴָеرĴ̼˷ܣȫҲĺҲЩˣԽԽʹ࣬СӨӵżǧڳ⳵ϳ°˼ʲô˵˵ˣȴƫƫ³ˣ⳵ͣСӨǰһǰ泤ƵͣŸɫĳ
ͻȻеԼֱϼסʼʱҲɬһ죬ǲûзԣΪǷǳʹģֻҪԸ⣬ԼģͻȻСӨһΪ׾ȻԼָĿϣʱԼС־ʹһӲĶԼ֪ǹӲĴ󼦰ͣ˲ʱԼķľǿҵȻſӣǸоǸ͵˶Ӳȡ
ڳ⳵ԼַԼĿϣҪñ֪ˣԼͶˣǳ⳵ϾԼ͹˾ǰĶ³߶š
ʹСӨЩԼڹϵСֻǱסģʵʱĸ׺γļأļͱյǷǳܣ޲ϰԼĿѵԽԽʹĴ󼦰ͷͳڳ⳵ϣֲڼҲܵңȴƫƫҪͷͶ³ˣĸˣ󼦰ԽԽʱĸסСӨϸСѾˣֻűԼסŵСܷԼĿϣץסԼܵĴ󼦰ͣԼʹࡣ
ͻȻҲƲסİСӨСָԼĿϣΪڳ⳵ԼľٶСӨ϶ᷴԵģ벻СӨȴûһ㷴ԣָץסļͣʹ׸еرľϲͬʱȴеץסļ͸ת͵͵һСӨƯ¶ΣҲЩˣرǰֻʷᒴı鷿ȵĺͣţǵø׿Ȼ͸ӵʹˣʱĸڿļͱյԽԽԺҲżҲǵͨ죬ڻ̲סİʹյСӨǰĶߴżٵĺ͵͵Ķ˵ӨֿܣյܲˡСӨԽԽ죬⹫ʱĴôһȻյĿ϶Ƿǳܵģ˵ŵġ
ͻȻԼĶִһʹżٺӨѿӽ⿪ǶͳȰŪһ𣿡ʹͰСӨҲĺߵ˵ͷȻҧҧ´
ӨְһסȰѿӽ⿪ĻִСӨĶС
СӨֻܷſץסĴ󼦰ͣȻʮֵĸ߶ȣ㹫ĿӸ⿪
׼˾æƤ⿪ٽ⿪ϵťۣѸٵСİȻڿͳСӨһֻס壬߰Ѿ´ߺһߣԴʱڽ⿪ͳȻСӨȫǰתҲǱסģǿڲģװӲȻڿͳ󣬲һϵʹҲһЩͷųȻѱɳˣ˶Ĺͷˡ
װ˶ļʹӿͷų󣬾ְСӨŵӹԼס塣
СӨѾӹȥˣ֪ѾȻӿͷųˣʱһ죬ɬҧҧ´󣬻ǰԼİС棬ƶʱһȺּӲĴϣ˲ʱҲʼˣסִӲĴʼ׶һ
СӨһֻסĴ׶ţ͵͵һ۹û֮ǰôʹˣ͸¶˷ܺɫҲû֮ǰôˣǺСӨѾʹ࣬⳵Ҳʼǰ濪ˣСӨŵҲƽֻҪ⳵һԼСͻûˣһ·ϣ⳵˳ؿţֻں̵Ƶĵطͣһ£СӨһֱڰźõĹΰţʹôʹ࣡⳵쵽СʱСӨͰִ˳Ȼͽӹŵ裬Ȼ֪ҪôˣæȻڿ棬ٰϣťۣϵƤĶ˵һǳɣɴ䣬ʹСӨ˸еرοҪǹǸֱ֮ˣԼҲùˣӳ⳵СӨͲٹ˼ʲôˣȻ󷽵ŹֱСȥΪСıͺܶ໧ʶСӨģҲ֪ĹסˣСӨԵô󷽣ΪЩԽԽ˻ɣŤŤľԽ˻ɵģ׼СӨԼֱۣȻһоҲûУΪСӨԲ˵ķʽߵģװŶӲ䣬һڶϣһڿϣӱ˾͸ǹڿˣСӨһҲĺݼҲ̲סڰЦš
С㣬㹫û°ɣҪҪ㣿Сŵʱŵı˾СӨ͸׵ĸǰĵСӨ
ŶûµģҰ־Ƕۣȥҽؼһûˣлл㣬ССӨæĶСı˵
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ʵСӨλĹϵһŮСĵһŮأСĿеŮء
СӨͷӹСͳԴײѣԼĹǸжడ˲ţһҲ֪ˣҲûźˣСӨĹΰԼס2һ¥ĵݿڣȻͰ°ťͣһ¥žԶˣͰĹݵĽ棬Ȼֵ8¥׼ʣԼСӨˣҲֱӣװŶ۵ˣ軹ǽڿϵģ֣ݼðһ·ôˣСӨҲˣԾ̲סĽЦŶԺõĹ˵
¶εһЦû취ҲǸϵĹֲƳģǰϼҵʱ򣬾淸ģֻװģһЩ취ܻصҵģѹְСӨ˽ЦŶ˵ʱžʹˣСӨҲûٲŸˣ߳˵ݡ



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СӨӵóԿ״򿪷ţȻ˽ȥѾУһƨƨߵĸСӨ˷档
СӨķŽǲǿǳСӨóֻ˿ʱ䣬ѾʮˣͶԸ˵֣ʮˣǿһ㻹ԸϵҳԷģõģõģæͷĶСӨ˵
֣ڿﻹǵķȥСӨֻ͹ʱŻЩģǵϹ棬ŻĬĬģǵֵķȥɡЩ˷ܵضСӨ˵
СӨһ죬ܸеԼں͹ƵģǴɬ˵֣ȥ䣬ȥëϾȥ䣡õģõģױӦţƨƨߵķȥ
СӨȥˣ̨ϣ¼һëķȥ
뷿ţְѷŸˣѾڴϣܿȻֱĿסԭ¶ʹı飬Ծһ죬˵֣ѿס𣿡Ŷѣѡ˱ߴӦæӴվȻһϵϤĶ֮ͰͬڿѵϥϡʱȻͱ¶СӨǰĿ䲻ͣҡţСӨս
СӨĴʱľͼٵĿÿμְֺ޵ĴʱСӨԾ˿ͷֻֻܿǲܵĸоǷǳĥ˵ġ
СӨ˹ĴҲˣֱòҲˣҲţѵĶԼôǿҵ𣿴ʱĸ׳壬䒴һŭľ޴ûСӨָʾֻɵվڴǰ֪ˣ֮ɫ͵͵һվԼߵСӨֻƯ۾һֱڶԼĴƯ͸¶һΣɬԭ򣬼һֱҧ´Ҳ֪ʱЩʲôһǺܿ϶ģԼĴ󼦰ͣΡӨզˣ׿ɵȲȥˣվţҲ̫ˣĴʹʮܣԻ̲סСӨ
СӨ˸׵ĻŴӷ˹֪ղԼ̫Ĵˣ͸еǳΪ飬ʱһ죬˵֣㻹ڴϰɣСӨָʾײŰڴϣһڣ˶ÿŮ˼˶Ƿǳϲġ
СӨѾڴˣͰԸе˴ϣȻһֻСס׿ǸڣеӲ¾˷̲ܵסȫһ£ľ͸ˡ
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׼˶ʱ͸пڸ﷢ڵ⿿СӨѾ㲻ǿҵˡ
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ӨǲǻҪϵȥ緹ȥ϶Ҫܳʱġּ˷ֳϿҵضСӨ
֣˵ءСӨȻ֪ȥȻܳʱģԼ˵ϵǿҷӦҲԼĸĥģ˵ԼпƲסΣգҪǹʲôõķʹԼȫǿԽܵģӨȥҲۻģҲǸŮˣ֪ÿΪʱ嶼ǷǳܵģҲ֪㶼һֱڼ尾жȹ԰ֲΪ˽ֵʹǸʹ࡭˵ЩǷǳεģȴǷǳϿҵģÿ仰˵СӨȥˣСӨ˺ȴǷǳοԭ֪Լʹˣģǹ˵˰Ҳû˵ʲô취ʹԼԾ͵֣ʲô취𣿡Ө취еģҲ֪ģ¾ǰԽе̼Խ˷ܵˣǰ㲻Ƕ֪𣿡˵˳
СӨ˺ȴһԭΪʲôõİ취أ˵˵ȥԼЩͷʹеرĴ̼Ȼͻ˷ܵ˳ԼӵһθʱѾ뵽ˣʱǵһΣԼôóأŴ࣬ԼҲűݣټʱֻϿϱڵС˵ԼҲѾЩܹݵҪˣʵ֪жٴ͵͵¶ģԼһΣΪĴʵ̫ˣûмŮܿܵסģЩʱСӨԽԽ죬ҧҧ´Ĺ˵֣˵ˣһҪӦңǧÿ֪ΡӨ㻹˽𣿰ֲɵӣҪǸ߿ˣõְ׼Өɬıģ֪ѾſˣʱͷǳĶСӨ˵СӨҲ֪Բ߿ģҪˣֻҪԼ˵ǾԲ֪ģҲʹӵ¶ģ¾ͷſеĴͳӴվȻɬɬĵ԰ڴϵĹ˵ڰϵȹˣϣܴ̼˳˵꣬СӨѾɬͨˣҪûо͹ļܵĽӴûоԼЩĳ˼ǣǴҲģ϶ʱһϲȻ˷ܵҲ˵ҲˣáõġΡӨֻҪ¡·ѹˡֱ֤̼֡ġ˷ܵĻˡļ˷ܣСӨȫģּԼûа·Ѿ˷ܳˣҪԼ·ø̼ҪˣʹСӨˡ
ɬԭ򣬴ʱСӨû˵ֻǾ׵ԽԽ죬֮ɫҧҧ´֮󣬾ȰϵȹľŮʽƤȹںϣǴӺ󱳵һֱ䣬ÿδֿʽȹϹģʱҲҪϹΪѺϵСӨȹʱ뵽ԼͻȹԼһûа취ģʱ͸ӵĸеɬˣΪҪϵȹҪڴϵĹæɡ
֡ҰѺϵȻҪԼѺϵǷǳ˵ģΪֻҧҧ´סɬĶ԰ڴϵĹ˵
˶ʱͼһӴӴȻСӨΪСӨѾˣͰѺ󱳳˹ʱĸ׼ˣŲץסСӨȹϵСӨҲѾɬĶ޷ˣоԼ̺̣ɬԭһֱҧ´ģֿʽȹȹһֱԼϹæģȴһ˰æôܲеɬأȹϵָȹĺھ߷˿֬ĺ󱳼Ҳ¶˳
׵ֻ۾ֱĶСӨȹ¶ѩ׹⻬ļϿҲ˿ˮ
һʱ׾͸ӵ˷ˣΪСӨϹ̶ǰֱĴˣԭСӨ洩Ǻɫģ׿һСӨѩϵĺɫ鷿֪СӨǺɫˣ֣ܲܿ㰡СӨùϵѾɬĲˣڼ̵ģ֪һ̰Լĺ󱳼ԾҲ̲סĿڴߴ
ˣˣ˲֪Լ̫̰ˣСӨȹ󣬲ǿĸ˵žæʣµһϣСӨѾˣæת˹Ȼ쳣ɬĶ˵֣㻹ɻشȥɡ׻ʵСӨһ˵ʵʵɻ˴ϡ
ֻ۾ȴ벻СӨԸ塣
СӨתʱȴûпĹֻĿ͵͵ǸȻ֮ǰˣ֣۾ϣСӨɬԭ򣬲ĹԼȹӣΡӨðֿѺû׼һ˷ܣأ̰ĶСӨ˵
СӨһ֪˵ȫǼٻˣ⿴Լ·˷ܵԼҲأΪ˸ӵĴ̼Լ·Ҳġ
ĻҲûзԣҲûͬ⣬ֻĬĬסɬڰϵȹ
ʱһӱˣֻСӨֻʣһɫ˿ֺһͬĺɫ˿Сڿ㣬ѩ׵ļȫ¶˳ѩ׹⻬ļź۵ֱۣ漷۵鷿֮γһ鹵ѩ׹⻬ϼûһ覴õļССڿסƨɣȻƬ۵ķƨⶼ¶棬ر޳ȳƵĴȺͱֱСȸĻңѾСӨվڴǰɬͨ죬Ҳ̼ˡ
һֱ̰ĿⶢСӨϵÿһ缡ԽԽ˷ܣĴҲ̼ķǳʹҲôˣΪСӨѾʹѹȥˣСӨ֪ƾԼ廹ǲܸĴ̼ΪڴӦ̼ʱѾ¶˾ģҪһĴ̼ǰΨһֺڿҲ
Ҫû㹻׼ǾԲԼΨһֺڿģʱĸѾСӨ̼Ҳˣ˷ܵȫڳ鴤ţֻ۾Ǵû뿪СӨ塣
Źֻ̰ضԼ忴СӨ˵ǲɬǿ϶ƭ˵ģΪ˸ӵĴ̼СӨסеɬУҧҧ´󣬾Ͱź۵ֱ۷Ƶ֬ĺ󱳼ϡ



ʮ οĸ
һСӨ۹⻬ֱ۷ƵĺϣȻ֪Ҫʲôˣ̫еˣΪСӨֻȹʣµǲѵأû뵽ȻҪָҲ̫ˣȻϴڿѾСӨزֻ鷿ˣʱԼ̫˷ˣ˶ǲס鷿״ˣ˵СӨ鷿ԼһҲģ¾Ͱֻ۾СӨزֱϽضſ۾Ҳգһ£´ÿһڣȻԼ鷿ϴѾˣһˣСӨǸеرɬΪŮҪľλλԼϹ֮⣬ǾԲÿģԼϵλ鷿ѾˣĲλҲϾҪˣСӨеɬִ̼סеɬڰԼָزֻװ۵ķᒴ鷿ͱ¶ڹǰСӨѾɬ޳ĲҲˡ
СӨǰ¶ֻ۷ᒴ鷿ѩ鷿ϵֺɫͷ׾Ͳ˿ˮԵر̰
ͿɣϴҲˣһˣСӨҲֻοԼˣҪ˵ģֻĿ͵͵һ۹ĳڣȥԽԽִӲˣΪ˾ʹе̼СӨٴסɬΨһСڿһ˶鴤æСӨ˵죬Ū¡СӨһ׵ģʱ˹æѳ忿ߣ־סȻʹŪѾСӨڿ̼Ĳˣ˷ܵĶûпСӨڿزλΪСӨʼڿʱͱ̼ԴһƬհףȫƲסĲԵСӨڿ㣬Ѿ˷ܵĲˣʱ俴СӨأʱСӨվڴǰڰԼղһӱհ׵ԴЩָ˹ŰתСӨǰĳ壬ֻСӨСѩס⻬ϸ塢ƽ̹
¡һƬ״ںëëïʢŨܶǷǳ룬ȥֺţԭСӨëҲôÿԼѾȥӵһƬ
ֻϧСӨվڴǰԼڴϣֻܲ濴СӨ壬СӨ˫ֽţëصĲλһҲҲѾø˷ܵѾˣСӨסɿŪţԽԽе̼˷ܣرǿСӨȫվڴǰصĲλȫչʾԼǰԼĶϱأôƯǧСӨƯŮھȻȫվԼĴǰԸԽԽе̼˷ܣҲƲסȫһҵĲ׿ʼ٣ʱСӨϾӹһϲæëȻϣͻȻҵĲ֪Ҫлˣæɿ׶ˣˡŸ˷ܵĺҵĲ˼£ëס˶ͷоһɾҺϧëסͿ羫ۣ׵廹ڲͣس鴤ţСӨ֪羫ǺܴģﻹǻڻôҺԼѨУǸжˬ𽥵ƽСӨɿסĴȻѸëëϵľҺסһɾëɾԼϵľҺ󣬾ͰëڸղԼĵϣȻץֺڿ㣬ȹƵȫӳ˸׵ķ䡭׸ղ˾Һһֱ˷֮УСӨô뿪ָ֪ʱҲŻָˣֻǵСӨ·ѹ⣬ȫվڴǰΪԼȻԼ̼ľл˳ڶСӨӡЩεģѾָǵĸһеܶԲСӨҲԲӿͻȻҪȥСӨļ緹ҲôˣæӴɾ´ڿ㣬Ȼë뿪˷䣬̨ϴ̨ǰëϴɾ¼ϣȻȥóֻһѾʮһˣæСӨ⣬ţȻͶ˵ӨҪҪȥҳԷأСӨӸ׵ķȫӳֱӽԼķ䣬Ȼֽ䣬ھ￴Լȫ壬ղԼվڹĴǰΪʱɬͨȴеǳĴ̼ϹڣԼǲҲڣԼļκ͹ĽӴԿóԼڣҪԼôϱС˵أ˵ԼһֱйĴڣԼѾϹĴʵԼҲɷϵģֻԼĵףǸ֪ģÿιĹҪԼҲ㹻˵ԼϲģҪǲϲǲܴӦôֵҪģȫԾܾģԼȴƫƫôˣȥԼҳԷӦûϵϵģСӨžѸղӦʪ˵Ѩϴɾʹ£ҪȹΪȹȻѾϣǺϵȴûϣҲһ·ֲУҪǱ˻ҪԼһԼֻǰĸΪʲôỻ·أСӨǾҪȹϵϡ
߳ʱ򣬾͹˵ʱԼѾˣǰǴ·ҲеԼȫˣԾԽԽеɬֲĺ
ĵһȴǸеرĴ̼ˣ˾ͿˣԼϹĴˣԺ󻹲Ҫ̹ģ뵽СӨҲеɬˣʹ󷽵Ŀ˷ţѾվſڣͶ˵֣ҪϵҳԷҪǻỳǵģǰǰҪȥģһҪȥģæСӨ˵
֣ȰҰѺȥСӨ˵߰ת˹ȥѰŵĺ󱳶Ÿס
СӨĴʹ׷ӦеѾ侫˵ĸȴЩ˼ǼСӨѾѰĺ󱳳ԼˣСӨ¶ѩ׼ҲĪЩ˷ܣæŵְȹϵˣлл㣬֣СӨѾˣת壬ȹ߶Ը˵˰ллæ˵лʲôأ˵ллӦҲŶԣҲˣϽ߰ɣСӨ˵žȥһҲƨƨߵĸȥ˴ŵʱ򣬸װ˵Ļµ˵˳ΡӨʵڡڷʱ㶼εġڶҲûкӡġҲҪе̫ɬˡСӨ˶ʱ㶣Ȼ壵˵һ䣺Ϊһ𣿡Ө⡭أ˾ͼæֶСӨ˵
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СӨ֪ʲôط︸СӨ鷿϶ֻᱻ׸ˣΪѾһΣһͻжģҶʱ˷Ҳ˷ӦУĸңɲܳ󰡣ԾȥСӨ͸׵£ǵķ˼죬ԼͲ˼ˡ
Ҿͽķ䣬˻죬Ȼĸ˻ˣҾͶ˵ȥĸڳ֣ЦҲȥһĸ˵⼸ҲǹģʱĸϴˣæڵĶĸ˵ϴˣˣĸҲͬˡ
ﶼʰİɣĸ߰ѻ͵ڳ߶˵
ǵģ裬ŮɣǺǣұϴŲ˱ЦŶĸ˵
⣬ֱ̫ˣǺǣĸЦǺǵĶ˵
裬ͺãҿڼµģЦŶĸ˵
ԣ˾ͲҪ£ĸǼģһֱ˵Ǹûгˣ裬ڼҶûģТأҲ֮ӣǺǣ˵ſĵЦǺǣ֪ãٸɵû֮أѾТˣĸҲĵЦǺǶ˵
裬ТӦõѽԺТ㣡ʱܳϿҵضĸ˵
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裬ԺҪʱͻȴȴֵģҲѹǻŮСӨ𣿡ҷǳϿҵضĸ˵Ҫãȴ裬ͲͷˣĸԵöгɼƵģ裬ǶϷˣʲôܹȥѽǰ¾ȥˣæĸ˵ȴĸ󰡣ʮǰһŮ飬ĸڶ»ڻ
ĸŮѹСӨߣҲᰡͷӵڻкǸС꾫ϵأĸԵú
裬ֶʮˣܶǸŮզأͱܰˣԼĿľͺãǻŮǺǡæοĸ
ĸ˲תЦ˵ѽҪûôõŮ迪ģͲǸͷˣǺǣҲܸˣſĸˣֲզأĸҾһԡ



ʮ СӨ
ҺĸڳŲˣţʮһʱҾͽӵСӨһ绰ϹˣҲ˿֪СӨѾ㶨ˣϾ͸ϹԷ¾ͰСӨ͸ҪϢĸĸҲܸˣΪױϾǵһĸļң˵׼ҵһε׼ҵļҪúдģճԺҲһЩˣ˵СӨڳ⳵ǰλϣں棬⳵ǼεʱСӨͽ˾ͣȻͶںĸ˵֣³ɡСӨ˵ž͸˳³ˣ
ҲҶʣ˳СӨӨҾס𣿡סģСӨ˵һֻǰȥ
³ѽױƨƨߵĸСӨĺ棬ɻСӨ
֣Ҵȥ·ҪҵôСӨ˵߽װ꣡˲ŻȻﰵԼĶϱǸŮʿҲƨƨߵĸ˷װꡣ
֣ԼɣϲͶ˵һ£СӨŵһŵװͶԸ˵
ҲͰһɡЩεĶСӨ˵
ţǺðɣСӨ˾ʹŸ׿ʼʱ¼óһ·ڸ׵ϱһ£ø׸еοҲеģǲ֪ǶϱТ˳𣬻ԭǾֻһ֪ˣ֣õ¼ȥϿСӨһ̻ɫԲTڸϱԹ֮ûͶԸ˵
⡭ЩΪˡ
ôˣ֡СӨһæ
ֶʮˣܴT𣿡ƽʱǴģûдTԾ˼ɵĶСӨ˵
֣ʲôˣ߰ʮ˶·أ˼Ҳ̫ˣСӨ̲סЦŶԸ˵
һ죬ֻСӨΪѡ·ȥ¼ˡ
СӨȥ¼ˣũ壬˼뱣ҲǿģסڳܲǴŹžɵʽɣԾΪ˼Tͼ㡣
СӨװŸףŴС
СӨִһ⳵ʩݵļҡ
ҸˣҲӷڿҵĸ׿ĵ
ҼСӨ͸ˣŵڷˣղĸһֱڳСӨ͸Ϊʲôڶûһֱ˵ϾˣСӨ͸Ҷ֪ĸˡ
ּ׽ŵʱŴСģҲСӨĻܵ
СӨһۼҵʱҷϺһ£ʹе˷Щ⡣
ȥȥСӨɬ˵һƵľȥ
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͸ϺᣬǼճԺҪ׺ȵƣôҲͬ⣬˵ԼѾüûкȾˣҲûоˡ
֣һǼңٺһɣһԾƺܷеĸҲȴŸ׺ȵˡ
Ǹ׻˵ȣԼһȾƣṴƵģ֣һֲǲȾƣٺһɣǼһӣʱСӨҲ˵ˡ
˵СӨһ˵׾ȻͬٺһˣǺǣϴ磬Ͷˣϵܸ㵹ϣҾȿˮˣŶǺǣ˾ͱЦǺǵĶԸ˵Ϊ׵һ׾ƣȻǾͿʼŸ׺ȿˮҲ㸸׺ȵƵģǱСӨ͵͵س˳·Ҳ֪֮ԾͲˡ
˿ĵĳ緹ҾͺСӨҪȥϰ࣬ΪǶֻһļ٣ȥϰģҺСӨиһĸҳȻҾȰѸͻؼңСӨȥλһ˿ȥ˾ϰ࣡ңæͷĹڰ칫ＱɴĸСӨһ΢ŹȥţˣˣҰִȥˣ
СӨϻع˵ȻؼҰܴȥѲɻֿ䰡ǵģҿСӨϢ˵䣬Īĳ嶯æЦƵķһϢСӨţҪȥҲûأǺǣСӨϻ˹ȥȥȥˣԽ˵ԽˣæعȥСӨ𰡣ţǸ㿪ЦˣҰûУСӨ򵥵ֹֻûУ
ҿȻĪЩʧôûأܰɣûпҲû֤ݣСӨô˵Ҷģﶼûܵģû뵽СӨѾ𽥵ĿʼˣֻҶڹ֪ˡ
˵СӨֻĺԺ󣬾ͼڹϣûһյ˸׵һϢӨм㣡ʱ𣿡
СӨûʱ䣬Ҳ֪׵ʲôԾ͸׻һϢȥ֣ʱ䣬ʰɣʲô£Ǹ״ԭӺŻϢӨ԰˵Ǿ仰ʲô˼ԶҲ벻仰ʲô˼СӨϻعȥʣ֣ʲôѽ׺ܾòŻϢСӨӨж˵ڷп嶼εģ㲻ţ˵ģȻ͸ң˵˵ȥĻĵģ־벻Ϊʲô˵ĵģӨܸ𣿡
СӨǿЦãСƵģһֱڵҵ仰ǸˣΪʱҶ踺صİϵ·ȫѹҳˣ˵ֻεģڶҵ嶼ûʲôӡ⻰˵úһܲСӨ뵽͸һϢȥ֣ˣֻ˵˵ģæˣˣСӨϢ󣬸ҲûٻϢˡ
絽ôյ칫ʱﻹΪڹķʱΪе̼Լѹ·¶ƽһҲƽˣǸոƽºϹȴϢԼ͹ģѾƽֱ˳ٴͶ빤ƽʱ򣬹ַϢǾ仰˼ʱֿʼƽˣԽļСʱСӨں˼м尾ȥġ°࣬ҺǰһȿȥСӨλӹȻٿ׶԰Сӻؼҡ
ڼʱҲǺƽʱһСӨĬĬС˯ԺҺСӨڴϣСӨ°ɣһڴϣͰת˹ȥ󱳳ҡ
ţôˣˣæ
СӨû˵ֻĬĬƨɳš
ţ֪ΪҰֵĹֲ˺ܶίΪˣҲãίˣԲţ֪СӨ϶ΪģԾͷǳϿҵض˵
СӨǲңֶ˵ţ֪ˣҪڲ㡭˵žͰתǰĺϣҲСϣ߰һֱ۴ϡ
ֻСӨʹҡҡ壬ҲҪƵġ
ҿˣСӨƽʱģôˣæţ㵽ôˣʲôĵ¾Ͷ˵˺𣿡˵ˣ˯СӨڿ˵ˣ˵žͷϣƵġ
ţҪǾίԺַˣǿ취ΪСӨΪ¶أԾ˵
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Ȼ쳣ŵעСӨ



ڶʮ Ϸ
СӨһû뵽׾ȻԼԾɬҧҧ´ĶԸ˵֣ô˵أҪ˵ϲ㣬Ǿƭģǿţôܻϲһأ˵㶼ʮˣҵĹôܻϲأ϶ʱ͸¶һֺʧı飬ǰԼǸʮũͷӣСӨôܻϲôֳͷأСӨԸԼԸѹ·ԼѾĶˣѻһֱ飬ΪСӨҲϲԼģ⣬ԼҲøһԼϳʲôˣ²ƣԴʱĸԽԽеȻȥ֣ʵʵһϲǸġСӨײʧĵ밲οɣԻ쳣ɬĵ˵˳ȻƯϾͨǸ˶ʱ̧ͷСӨȻ
ѽ֣ôզأСӨ׵ĻʵɬѣȻϹĶԸ׽˵
ũʵĸһʱСӨ˵ǸʲôּСӨôɬɬģ͸ˣӨ㵽ϲֵʲô㡭СӨѾںˣּٴʱ͸ӵѵˣ븸ǸʵϿҵũˣпԼĻɬҧҧ´סеɬ˵֣ʵϲĶզôأһʱͻȻҲ͸¶ľϲıĶСӨ˵Ө֪ˣǰ̫ˣǰֲãôɬҲûдл˵أСӨһֱ𣬾æ˵
Өʲô˵ʱĸѾǳ˷ˣȻѾ
֣񫣬ҪҺ£һֱûдӦҸԾ͸ҪֹһӣȡЦƭģţһҪ§§ƵŻţϣңһϷСӨϲĶԸ˵
զݰӨһֱ˷ܵţСӨ˵ˣæ
֣һֻڵĹϣͣҷźˣ¼ˣʲôҲ˵һɳϣȻͼװŹңҲģֻϷĿľĸƵСӨ˵꣬Ѿ̼ȫһ£ţҲ̫̼ˣѾǳˡ
СӨĻҲ̼ĿȻһӾ쳣˷ܵĴŲСӨ˵ΡӨֲˣַˣСӨ˾Ͳ׵Ŀһţô񰡣ʱ͸ӵȼѨҲˮϵĴӿ˳СӨеԼڿ㶼ѾʪһƬˣ֣̣ȥֻźãСӨ˵žڲ輸ƻֻȻ㿪ϵ¼ƹܣɳϳվɳҺǰֻٰڵӹϣȻֻϵ¼ƣֻͿʼԶ¼ˡ
æصɳʱСӨǷǳŵģ˷ܵͷͣąţΪ֪ϻԼ§ԼˣԲԵرĽţͬʱҲеǳĴ̼˷ܣȻ׿Ƿ˵ԭ򣬾ѾˣҪûз»§СӨأֻƵͨ죬ҲѾ٣ֻ۾ֱĶСӨϿȻҲ̲סİƨɴɳ̧һŲСӨߵɳ
ȻѾʮ׼ˣǵ׵СӨ߰ʱСӨǱһæһ߿ȥﲻľһҪǻǳˣѾƵİоֱ§סСӨˣżٺϢֱСӨǾƯˣŸֱ۵սСӨѾڸ׵ˣرزϵֻ鷿ҲѾؼѹڸ׵ǰˡ
һα§ţСӨŻʧɫˣȻѾ㹻׼ˣʵʱǸеֺֽµģ˵е˵ѣСӨֻ۵СƱܵĵڸ׵˫ʹƿ߾ŵĺţҪѾĸܾסҪƽʱܿƵסǲһģСӨѾˣҪ§ԼǺϲģСӨҲԼϲѿĶˣԴʱĸױƽʱʧأֱ۽§סСӨĺϣƾôҲ޼£Өð§𣿡ܼСӨԽԽˣͰǿʹСӨǰĶѹ˵
СӨ˶ʱ㶣Ȼֹ֪ͣԼղǼϷˣԼҪ׼װ§ԼģԼȴΪģʹţСӨ֪׻أΪҲϷԾͰֻڸϵСһٰ̨ź۵ֱ۲ڸ׵ĲϣǰԼ˸׵ĻУǰֻᒴ鷿ȻԼ˯½ؼѹڸ׵ظϣǸо鷿ѹĸоѸٵĴ鷿ϴȫÿ䣬źҲٵĽšֻоֱ۽§СӨĺϣֻϼƸ˯СӨĺʹظţҲԽԽϢСӨ޳Ĳϡ
СӨ§ţز鷿ֱؼѹڸ׳ʵظϣ̸Ů˴ʱҲģοСӨǸͳأļŮأټϱɵĹϵ̼ȫÿ񾭣ԴʱСӨѾȫܣرȼ˽֮⣬Ѿ̣ĳˣҲѾڼװϷˣȻź۹⻬ֱ۽Ĳڸ׵ĲϣƲסĴ˵Ľ֣ҺܡӨҲܡ̰˵һ󣬾ȻƵСӨƯİĦšһһڣһһ۵һĦţϱĺҲԽԽСӨоƻкӵԼװ۵ĲĦʹûܹһ࣬԰۵ϱ׵ĺӸ̵ķرĸе̼
֡ʱСӨƯϾǳ죬˫ĿҲѾ룬˷ܵĺһ
Ө׵˵̼˷ܸǵͨ죬ҲԽԽǼСӨҲƲסغһСӨ֣ʱϱѾǼϷˣУҲֻһֱ¼ǻ§ŵÿһˣͻȻСӨһƿ׵壬ȻæĻ˳ΪͻȻֻ¼ƣԼ͸Ϸģ֣£СӨסȫܵĸо¸׻ǿ§Ծ͵˵һ仰󣬾ͳɳվĵӹǰֻ͹¼ƣȻֻصɳǰֻٰڲ輸ϡ
ѾĸһֱСӨȥֻɳϵÿһСӨÿһԣͻȻһ붼һµͷӨҪҵǸжðͷֻһ֪֮ģӨôƯһŮʿôܻΪԼأ˵ԼĶϱͷ͸е˲еԼֱͲǸˣôִ治ͷأԼӣΡӨֺܡ׿뷨󣬲ŸеԼԽԽÿͰ͵ʹı鿴СӨ˵˳
СӨ˸׵Ļ˸׵ı飬ҲǸпǧܣѵҾͲпұ㻹ҪܣյСӨĻô˼ڶԼ׹˵أ֣ҪܾͰ·˰ɣСӨķʽ︸ŪȻϺϹʱѾ¶ĽҪܵ׿ȻϾ¹ϵԼ⣬ɲƾһʱ֮ͰԼˣϹȻڣԼҲԲϹ£ĥģڰ﹫ʱԼȷʵܲסˣǹǿԼԼҲܵ㣡СӨǰѾǵһѿˣԸѾᳵ·ˣҲеΪΣСӨҪԼ·ˣԸ׾ͰѿͬڿһѵϥϣʱĿͱ¶һɱڵĴĿ䲻ͣҡţСӨʾֺջСӨ
СӨǸŮˣǸͳأļŮˣôһȻǰȻˣѾܣѨ̵͸ӵˣһԤУΰ﹫ԼܻԲϹ֮¡СӨѾ߸ף˵ϲ׿ĶԴʱĸײ֪ǹ⻹ģȻסȻڰŪšɲСӨˣǵӵȼѨ緺ĳˣеԼڿ㶼Ѿʪˡ
Ưϲһ죬Ȼɬҧҧ´ĶԸ˵֣վҸǰҾɳϰŪ׸ղվѿӵģԻһֱվŵģСӨĻϾ͸¶һ˷ܵı飬ȻͰһתٿǰһվɳϵСӨǰȻСӨز˶ĹͷСӨزֻʷᒴ鷿ˡ
СӨʱ͸е۾һˣȻͼɴһֻ۵СסԼߵȻ
СӨ۵ƴȻʱͼ˷ܵȫ鴤˼£ȻſĴһݷŵ˲ʱͷˣ츸׻ǴϼҴʽ̻ɫ¶˵ĳС棬Щ£СӨڱԹĹ̫ʵˣղԼ·ˣǰǽѿӵģʵĹԼ˼ԻԼٴζ˵֣ѳ˰ɣְµġһһ죬ȻЩεĶСӨ˵ΡӨðɡΪʲôðСӨ̧ƯŸ
⡭ⲻȫ𣿡˵СӨ˿ЦõĻ
֣㻹ǲ˰춼ѹ·㿴ˣȫİСӨĿЦãһԸ˵
ŶӨֻҪ㲻ְֳվǰ־ˣЩϲĶСӨ˵
֣Ƕˣƽôأҵ嶼Ѿ㿴أСӨס׿Ȼ׶ţûĶ˵
ΡӨҲ·ѹ˺𣿷ˣ˭Ҳ֪ģ˵Ҳ˵ģòã˹ֵҪСӨ˺󣬾Ưһ죬Ȼɬҧҧ´󣬾ͷſ׿ȻߣĬĬİ쵽˯ťȥ



ڶʮ ϱ
СӨֻ۵С쵽˯⿪ťʱ׻û³˼԰˵֣㿴Ҹѳѵ
Ŷ˲ŻشӦһæѳϵť۽⿪ȻͰʽ£¶ڽʵļɳվСӨĸǰˡ
ԼȫվԼǰСӨĪĸе˴̼˷ܣȻͺԼ˯ϴµťһһĽ⿪˯ϵťһ⿪˯ѩ׵ļҲ𽥵¶˳
СӨ˯ϵťۺҧҧ´סɬͰ˯ʱ֬Ĺ⻬һɫ־ͱ¶˳
״¿ֻСӨزϵֱӲǰ۵鷿ֱ֮⣬γ֮һ˵鹵ʱֻ۾ֱĶ˵鹵Ҳĳ˿ˮ
СӨ˯ºŷѾԼĽְϵָʱֻװ۵ı鷿¶ڸ׵۱ӵ¡
СӨز¶ֻ۵ı鷿׶ʱ͸еڸСӨ鷿̫ˣ۵鷿⴦źֺɫͷСӨԭͷѷӲѩ鷿֮ԵøĿСӨ֪׿϶ڶԼ¶ֻ鷿ȻеǳɬҲеǳĴ̼Լ鷿ֻϹģʱȴ¶һе˻ԼĹϱĽʹеޱȵĴ̼СӨԼزֻ鷿һֱǺŵģôƯ鷿ֻϹһ˿ҲЩ̫˷ˣСӨְ˯ֻһɫ˿Сڿ޳ȳƵѩ״Ⱦͱ¶˳ٰ˫ץסСڿ¶ѣ̧һƨɣΨһ壬ֻƽ̹⻬ѩСһƬںëѩ׼мڰ׷ȻСӨɳϵģë֮µѨû취ģѾȫСӨɳϣǰվͬȫĸףСӨϵļʤѩӨ͸֬ļûһ覴á
ϵļڸСӨϵļ֮£֮
СӨİ۵Сס׿Ĵʼ׶¶ˬı飬ʱ޸ǳĴСӨ۵Сס׶ţ͵СӨѩ壬ԽԽ˷Ҳż
ױСӨˬСӨȴԽԽˣԼɳΪͬĸϱĽʹԽԽе̼˷ܣرסȻǵԽԽ鷿ͣͷӲѨҲˣѨӿ֭ѾɳŪʪһƬˣҺɳϵģҪ̫ˡ
˵ĻԼߵԼСס׶ŵĴԼ۱ӵ£ȴƫƫܵŵԼ׶˶ĹͷҲűƤһһµģԼԼţĲˣСӨͻȻеԼѨкֻ˺ҧʺڣָоʹܵĻ̲סĲ˼£ţ̲סˣϹҪԲˣûа취ˣ̫ˣ֣ˣ̲סˡСӨܵĶſǻıԸ˵ˡ
Өô찡Ҳǳż˼ҰԼԼǱôܣҲʵڹⲻȥԾæ
ҡҲ֪ܲˣҲҪû뵽ƽʱׯŵŮʿҲ˵ĻҲ˵˵ֻҪǿҵӦʹһҵŮҲˡ
ҡô˶֪ˣȻ֪õİ취ԼĴСӨѨԼĹԼĶϱҪİԼĴ󼦰ͲѨУϱˣȻڷУϱ֮Ҳģ˵СӨǿţϱ֮£ҲԲԼĶӿģñ㲻취ܲ˰ʱСӨѾܵˣѨĸоʹ޿ˣһֻŸ׿Ĵ׶ţһֻ־Ȼ֪߳ܵ쵽Լȼ丧ѨѨѨΧ޼µģʹѨʺԽԽˮֹסӿ˳СֶŪñʪˡ
׼Ҳļˣ쳣ΪԼϲģȲ˵Լϲеۣ˵ԼĶϱҲΪԼĶϱе۵ģԴʱĸȻûһֻۣҪָɣ׼СӨһֱȼϸţԲ뵽취
ԼûָָѽָҪһõ취СӨ˼ֱǱǡܲҵ׷ǳʹĶ˵ǿҪˣҲܣΪʲôܰСӨס׿Ĵ׶ţ߰ͲԼסĴԼޱȵѨ棬ԼֹԼˬǾϱˣ˵Բ𿡿СӨֹ˼׺ͿҲǼĲˣΪѵϵıҲſǻˣҲܣҲܣ֣ܲˣҵıƱɣ֣ˡʱСӨѾϵյʧȥǣʲôҲ˵˳
Ҳǵ˷ܲѣ۱˷ˣȻ͸ӵļӲˣˣôˣԼϻᱻʮ˲ҲȲôƯĶϱ˵ӨǵȥѾ׼ʮ˲ĸڿˡ
ãѾյСӨҲͬˣȻͷſ׿ĴվͻȻ˫һɳϣԭϵĥ˫ѾûһˣӨôˣû°ɣ׼ǳĵ
֣һûˣ㱧ҵȥĲˡСӨѾ첻ˣѨǳܣҲϱˣϹˣֻ븸׿ĴϲԼѨ֮УԼѨԼֹԼˬһҲϱˣæСӨպᱧ
СӨҲź۵ֱ۽Ĳڸ׵ĲϣҲİ۱鷿ڸ׵ϣԼĹպᱧţСӨеɬִ̼
һֱ۱СӨѩ׹⻬ĺϣһֱסСӨѩ׵ĴȣպᱧСӨ壬ԼӴСӨ壬еļرĹ⻬
ԼһνӴ׳壬СӨû뵽ֱպᱧŵķʽӴģȻرɬˣžƯ϶Ѻܺˡ
Ө㵽˭ķ䰡ô˵ʱ̣׻ʳСӨЦõĻ
֣Ȼķ䰡ѵ㻹뱧ҵҺͿķ𣿡СӨûİ˸һ˵ҪԼյȫû˫ȷԲᱻԼĹպᱧŵġ
ּԼͷһֱԼزֻ۱鷿ɬæ˵Ÿѽҵķȥããϱȥҵķ䡭˺æСӨģȻպᱧŲķȥСӨɬæֻĿɬ͸е̼бױķ棬Ȼ;ùԼ˴ϣ۾һվڴǰĿתĿԼڴϳ壬ֱɬͨ˵֣ɵŸѽˡʱСӨѾյȫʧȥǣҪǵѺʱ˿̵龰һɬ޵ݣΡӨҪô𣿡ôҪͷȴֺˣΪ뵽ֻҪԼŴͻϷϱ֮£ԲӿСӨҲ㶣Щ˹ԼڹĴϣʱɬͨæһ۹⻬ֱסزֻ鷿һֻԼǲλﻹк̵ӡԼҪԼģ˹ĻҲһǰôˣԼͻ͹ʵϱ֮ˣԲԼϹȫǱǿҵĥĿ첻ˣѨҲǿ̣ҲϺϹʱԼ¶ľģԻסɬҧҧ´ĶԸ˵֣£ǲ֪ģɣʵѾСӨǵÿҪ̲סˣҲǷǳ̰СӨģֻǸصصũˣϱ֮ҲȽϿصģϾũ˵˼Ϳŵĳ˲ͬ׵˼ǴͳصģСӨʢǸڵĳˣԶԱСӨȽϿЩΡӨǰֿҪˡʱĸѾּ˷ܣͨپ͸˵ˣԼҪϱʮ˲ҲҪȰôƯŮʿϱ˵
ţСӨɬɬӦһǺܽźܺµģŹĴϾҪԼˣϾͷϱ֮ˣϾ͵ҪϹˣȻֺֽ£ȴ
ʱĸѾͷƲסĿţҲԽԽˣ˷ܵȫ˼º󣬾ͼɴ˴
СӨһ͸ӵĽܳŮϾҪʧϹ֮˵ıܷӦɣæŵĶԸ˵֣ȵȵȣǹĸ˾㶺ȻʵôˣӨ֣ôһҪЩҪ۵ġСӨͨ죬쳣ɬĶԸ˵
ѩ׹⻬ĴȱߣڸûСӨһ㼡СӨĻ󣬾ĪԽ˷ܣæСӨ˵Ө֪ģεεĶϱ۶أôŪأţСӨ˲ŷĵӦһװϼƴǰ۵ĴʱֽŵĶԸ˵֣ҡţ֪ˣҲûСӨ룬ΪСӨ̫ƯˣԼûʸģְһֻϼƴСӨһѩ׹⻬ĴʱͼҵĲһ£ʱ͸ӵ˷
ֻذСӨŵ޳ȳƵİ۴ȷֿСӨæֻĿȻ۾һЩˮ
ŸװСӨ۵ֿŵסˣΪСӨȼѨкǿҵĺĺջֻŴȵĹŮصѨҲ¶˳СӨȻǱ۾ģܸеԼĴȱ˫ַֿʱ͸ӵɬˣԼصĲλҪ¶ڹ۱ӵˣλϹ֮ǲܸ˿ģΪλŮ˵ǷǳҪģҲ˵ĲλǷǳźͺµģҲǳɬͬʱȴָеرĴ̼ͻȻԼλѾĳˣҪǱԼôˮҪˣԼĵкҲᱻ֪ԾɬҲˣæҧ´ǿеɬ



ڶʮ СӨʧ
СӨ޳ȳƵѩ״ȱֻϼƷֿСӨ˵ĲλҲ𽥵ı¶˳ֻȼѨǳƯɫҲǺۣܽǷۺɫģЩŮǺɫģҲںڵϸëƬС¶ˣǴʱСӨѾ鴥ѨҲѾЩſʺɫҲ𾪵ĻСӨѨѾʪˣʮĸ׵Ȼ֪СӨ˲ŻѨˮŻŪʪˣ̫ƯˣԭСӨôĽˣ״ҲһҲôľ£ױĿתĶСӨ䱩¶Ѩ߰СӨѨľƯͻȻô۵ƯѨҪǱԼĴֲڴݲţǻٻˣ֣ڸأٿˣѾɬ޵ݵСӨеԼ۵ĴȷֿԼȼȫ¶ţҲûжˣҲǺֻܾ׼ٵĺԼŵĽСӨ۾ףʱ͸ӵĸеɬˣֻԼĹԼ֮䣬ֻƣĻϼƴԼ۴ȵڲ࣬굽Լȼˣֻ۾ԲԲģĿתĶԼȼ俴̰飬Ҳпˮ
ԼôƯŮʿƽʱǰׯţ˾壬ڵλǵһŮ֪жڰԼԼÿֹÿ˵ԼһЦҡھȻȫڹĴϵģֻ۵ĴȻֻϼƸֿԼȼŮ˵Ѩ¶ڹ۱ӵ£ּ̰ضԼȼ䱩¶ѨСӨôеɬҪǴʱԼЩ˿Ǳ֤ɱ˵ĶҲˣΡӨƯֲ֪ͱˣУˮôôأǰţҲǿ裬ûôءͻȻСӨ˵ѣͿƲסĶ˵
ţҶ˰˵ĻңʱСӨ˸׵Ļ󣬾͸ӵѵˣĹˣϾũ壬ǸʵϿҵũ˵Ҳʵʵ˵˵˹άҲͲƽˣټԼԽԽҪǸȻԼֹģԻסеɬԹƵĶ˵֣˵ˣ㵽׽֪ˣϣϣ׵ȻСӨıԹˣæСӨ˵߰СƨǰŲŲȻﹻСӨȼѨʱֹͣסŲס˶Ĺͷ׼ʪѨʱ׺ͻȻʲôƵģæֹͣСӨΡӨҪҪȸһٲ룿ˣѾˣֻҪͿˣ˹ĻСӨֱղԼѾ׼ӭĴˣ벻Լô˵⣬뱧ԹģҲΪԼãԾƽ͵Ķ˵Ȼҧ´ӭӴղԼѨеĲӦо
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Ө۲ۣ׻Ǻ۵һ䡣
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СӨе˶ĹͷڲԼѨ棬ѾɵķΧˣһͬʱеѨⱻ˶ĹͷĺʱϵıҲû֮ǰôʹˡ
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ŶԲӨָղҲ̫ˣ֪ץˣױæǸţɿа۵Ĵڲļ⣬ȻֻסСӨĴڲˡ
֣ô˵ҸղҲǽŵҪôҶΪ岻ȥأˣͿʼسɣСӨҲǷǳ⸸׵ģ׵ĽҲΪԼҪԼ׻ôŸأ˺ٴΰƨǰһһʣİȫСӨѨ档
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֡СӨˬĸо̲סҪˣӲסˣԼǧŹĺǻᶪ˵ģҲΪԼǸŮˡ
ӨӦһ
㶯СӨ쳣ɬĵ˵һ䣬Ȼҧ´˵ˡ
˺Ϳʼس֪ȱСӨס׶ŵˡ
СӨеѨбķǳѨĦˬѣҲϹģϹÿνԼѨгʱܸеʮֵıһֺɸֵĸоʱڰԼѨȴǸеǳıⶼŵķǳƽʱϹʱǺĸоǴﲻĸоһֺɸֵĸо˵ÿζܲ嵽ѨÿιͷԼӹֱĸо˵жôĸоģСӨڲ֪ʲôˣϹǾ᲻ĸоģˬ̲סغгͰһֻ۵סͣʹԼٷһЩ˵
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ţôˬأ󺰳ǲаҪùԼĽдСӨѨ׵ĴǷǳִİϵĦѨʺ޵ĿУÿ˶ĹͷܶѨӹڣֱо˵жˬ
СӨһֻֽץסһֻסͣԼˬĻƲסĴг
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СӨȻѾסͣѨ汻׵ĴˬͿʹ̲סشӺ淢
ţԣȥĻᵱŹдˣ̫ˣԭôˬϹôвôĸоأѨб׵ȻͿʹСӨڰṣ̣̣̌˶ļСӨѾʪѨпٵĳ
ż͵Ĳ룬СӨƬ˵СҲűѨ棬ż͵İγƬСֱߣΪˡСӨеѨбԽԽˬԽԽпУȻѾҧ´סˣǻǿƲסشӺ淢
˫ֽĵסСӨѩ״ȵڲ߲࣬ͣĒƨɳţ̰ضСӨزֻԼĳͣҡŵİ۱鷿ˮҲҪˡ
׵˶ˣÿζܶСӨӹӹеʹˬʹʲôС񱻶ƵģСӨʼѽץסתԼѩ׹⻬ƽ̹СϽסһֻƻǽϡ
ױߒƨʹسţֻ۾̰ضסСӨزֻԼĳͣҡŵİ鷿



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СӨزֻ۱鷿Ÿ׵ĳͣҡţŸƵģҲǱĸöˮˣӨð鷿𣿡ڱ̲סſСӨˡ
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ҲеԼСӨѨеļͻȻһҺرˬæֹͣס壬ѨиűҺˬо
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֣ôûСӨͻȻеԼѨ滹ǱһִӲ鷿÷ǳıЩȵ
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׿ʼнĳ𽥵ĵ죬ʹСӨеǳʣԼϹһ滹ҪʤһģŸ״СӨѨеĿٳ壬СӨˬдˣҧ´סӲţֻں﷢΢֮
ױ߷ɿĒƨɳţסСӨزֻ۱鷿ţΪԼĵϼ뱻ŪСӨô۵鷿鷿ºۼ֡
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ǡ㲻ЦңСӨɬɬĶԸ˵
ġױ߰ƨɺݺݵǰһʹ˶ĹͷѨ˵һ䡣
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ţǵģҺͿÿζһθ߳Ѿǵڶˣ㻹ôĳ塭СӨɬɬĶԸ˵
Өǰ־úֻܱôһƸƶᡭױĶСӨ˵ߒƨɲ첻ĳţΪںСӨ˵ҵĳ壬»ӰԼСӨ졣
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һơױ߻سţЩ˼ĶСӨ˵
֣ʲôưСӨ߸Ѩ׻ŵоߺʸס



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СӨԺעӵĸף˼ı飬͸ӵĸеˡ
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Ө㲻֪ϼҵũɺˣֺãɽʵֺദǳҲûУҸ˸ģôˣۼҶŵ˶ʶϲ˵СӨ
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ţҵøСӨҲЩĶĶԸ˵
ˣӨͿʱƻһܶɣͻȻЩΪСӨ
СӨ˾͸ΪˣΪԼȽϱأǸŮʿֻϹƣΪЩ̫ˣһ죬쳣ɬԸ˵ҲûʲôƣҲģӨ𣿡϶ʱһϲæ
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˶ʱϾ͸¶ʧı飬ĶҲ
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˲֪Լˣæ֒ƨɿٵĳšˬ֡ٿһ㡭ԡš̫ˬˡšֲˡӺСӨѨ׵Ĵ󼦰ͳǷǳһһѾ쵽߳ıԵˣ̲ס˷ܺ
ѾôõĸҲҪˣΪеСԽԽȣйĸоˣæСӨ˵Ө̡ҲҪˡһɣ˵ٶȵˡҪҪˡСӨ˷ܵĺš
ҲˡҪˡ׻䣬ͼҵһȻһɾҺĹͷ˳ȫСӨѨ档
СӨҲҪ߳ıԵѨͻȻһɹ̵ľҺǷǳҲ̲סҵĲ˼£һˮѨӿ˳͸ͬʱõ㣬ﵽ˸߳
羫ܴ󣬴˶ʮ룬ʹСӨеǳˬһֱڸűĿУ߳ϱڴżٵĺ׻ŲʮԺֹͣס
СӨȴһֱڲţʮ꣬ҲǵһεõĿкˣԸ߳һֱڸִûǿҿ㡣
ϱϢķӺ󣬲Щָ˹ǵҲָˣСӨһָ׵ԼѨУոԼѨл˶ʮ룬ҺԼİȫڣҪͳ鷳ˣͬʱҲеǳɬµΪոյĸ߳͸¶ĳ죬ӵĸ˽ޣ֣γָǺСӨ׵ļͻԼѨ棬ʱͨĶ˵
˾ĸҲָǣæѿļʹСӨѨа˳ֻһ˶ѨаγֻİγѨſһڣ治ϵһЩɫľҺѨֱپƨۣȻֱӵ˫ɼıϡ
׿˸еǳ˷ܣΪСӨѨĶոȥľҺ֣ȥҵ·߳СӨѾĿļʹԼѨа˳ֻּ۾ֱĶԼ˽ʱɬһ죬æסѩ壬ȻͶԸ˵
Ϊ뵱Ÿ׵ȫ߳䵽ȥ
Ҳæ˴ȫ뿪˷䣬ȥĿСӨ·ȥˡ߳СӨڸ׵ĴϣҲָ糣ˣȴԽԽеɬԼΪϱʱȻȫڹĴϣղűʱ״ε˵˺ܶ˵Ļ
ǹԼĿк£ԼûģϹԼģҪǽ͹Լ֪ԭôˬôпУô㣬ԼȻһ߳Σÿζô㣬ҲϹԸԼģÿκϹĸԼһεĸ߳ող֪ԭϹԼĸ߳͹Լĸ߳ǾԲһģҲϹԼС߳ԼĲŽĸ߳СӨϹ͹Աȵʱ򣬾ͼ׽˷䣬Ѿ·Լڿ֣˯˯㣬ʱϾͲĺ쳣ɬĵ˵֣·ڴϣȳȥɣ㶺ȻĬĬ뿪˷䡣
СӨæƿϵıѩʱٴα¶ڷĿССӨʹӸ׵Ĵʱ򣬶ʱɬͨΪʪһƬţԼûôˮôô˵ˮѨأҲ̫ˣҲԼѾ˳ԲŻôˮ
߳εСӨеر㣬Ѿȫָеȫʣٱԭѹ󻹻ôҪǹÿԼ㣬ǸжðСӨߴӸ׵ĴͷϳֽԼȼѨϲţﰵš
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֣ҲдģʱҲǿƲסŻµģСӨ˵ɳǰǸױ׵ľ롣
Өûдȫǰ֣Ҫû˵ĹֲҲȥ֣˵ˣδȸ˵꣬СӨæֹס˵ԹûˣˡӨҪǱ֪ô죿е㺦µСӨ
֣ҪסҲûйϵģڣһֱڹҺµģҲúµģСӨæԸ˵
ǰܸеԲ𿡿׷ǳε˵
֣ʵҺγôİֻһһˣҲ̫ˣСӨοˣӨҲ㰡ˣѾˣҪԼ͸ģͿԴˣ˵žͻȻСӨ˵
ʲôˣСӨЩȵʸס
ǰ͸£˵Ǵڲϻᱻɵģ԰ֲŰ͸Ҫ˵͸ģ͹ĿԴڲˣֶСӨ˵
Сĺøж벻Ҳ·Լ˳ĿܴˣеʧãСӨԵرĿģͰһ۸˵֣㻹ĥأǰֲͰ׸𣿺Ǻǣ˵žЦǺ
ллˣСӨǲϹϾǹģԼĲͲһˣԼ͸׷ܵĹϵˣϴŹҲЩôˣҧҧ´ʹӦˣ



ڶʮ ֺ԰
¶ϲıСӨӨ͸ûУûأҵһʵʱ͸ҵģСӨǷǳ˽ϹģԾͶԸ˵ͻȻԼͿǰûܵģʲô߶ԷģϹ컹ǶԼûһܣԼʱȴԽԽˣ͵͵ؿϱС˵ȻԼѹ·Ҳģղź͹ϱ֮ҲҪڹһ˻ڹԼ͹ȴԽԽվһˣϹ͹ҲԽԽˡ
СӨ뵽ҲĪĸе˺£ԼһֱڱϹԼĸ᲻ΣģԼ氮ľֻпһˣʲôҲԼˣԼ͹ֻϵĹϵԲʲôģϹԼˣϹҲֻԼһˣԼϹĸģҲ򲻶ģСӨ뵽ҲˣŮ˳ĺֻܶ࣬Ҫ鲻죬ԼͥͲӰ죡ΡӨԺô찡ͻȻʵ
֣Ǿ˳ȻɣȻطϢһСӨ¸׻ʳʲô˵⣬˵žʹӲ輸ֻȻʹɳϳվҴææĻصȥˣź󣬶Ҳ˵
Ȼͽ˸ͻص˴ϡ
ֻʱ䣬ͻȻֻмϹ΢ţʱ˸ղԼ͹ķĶǴӦϹˣæֻ㿪Ϲ΢һһϢǣţôˣûϷڶϢǣôϢǣţϢòãˣǣţĪһ˸һϢˣǣţǵզˣϢҲأˣ
ûˣ⼸ϢÿǸ߰˷ӷģСӨÿϢ󣬾ͲЦһ£ϹôļȻֻϹϢˡ˵ҹװӱС߳ţС͵СҪһ⽣ԼҪ˼Ӻһ߳ţżСӨ͸ףǼұСȥ󣬵׻ôˣʱ˷д⡣
ְ֣ȥʲôط氡СͻȻ̧ͷҡ
æ˼лع˵ȥأҾʹȥ棿ְ֣Ҫȥ԰תתС˵
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ְְ֣֣һҪһȥ棡С˵
Ҫڼչ⹫ģģְ㲻һ𣿡æ˵
ҾҪһȥأСŶ˵
ĳģԣ𣿡æ˵
ҪһҪһ棡С𲻸ˣ;ȻˣúãְϸŴ绰ûʱ䣬òãҲûа취ֻöô˵ˡ
ѽѽְŴ绰Ҫ˵СӨ˾͸˵ض˵
ֻóֻͨĸֻȻͰֻСĶߡ
šˡͰְڳ⽡ţţҪһȥתתҪųššֻСֻиĸ˵Ҳ֪ĸڸ˵ʲôһӦĸ
˵ְ֣Ҫ˵ҰֻĶõԼĶ߶ĸ˵裬ղŸ˵ʲôǳȥ԰תתĸֻдҵĶС
裬㻹ҪڼչİϹ֡Ҷĸ˵
һߵС˾Ͷ˵ְ֣ûϹ֣ҾҪų棬ŶӦ˵ģҶСһЦȻĸֻж˵趼Ӧˣ裬ܳô죿æĸ
ûˣͿɣĸֻж˵
õģõģǳ˾Ͽȥ㣡Щ˵ضĸ˵
Լһ˴ȥȥܱ˺ãҲͶһչˣԼҲɶˣֻҸԿ㣬ȥţ˺ܸˣæĳ⽡
ֻһǳԺͣͿĸҵСſڣٴ绰ĸѾڴſڵˣĸ˵Ͼͳˡ
ҾڳĸСһںϲʱų⣬˵һֱ˵ôûأӺ󣬾ͼĸСĴſڳֻĸһɫVϥǵȹ¶ź۵ֱۺѩױֱСȣϴһ˫ɫиЬƵȹӰزֻ鷿״ȫ˳ĸĺСӨһģȻѾʮˣ̴棬ҲһžŵƯֻͣǱСӨӵ죬۽Щβ⣬ĶĺܺãһҲû͵ԭΡ
Ӻ濴ģһΪĸֻǸʮŮˡ
ʱĸôģĸֱҵĳ򿪺ž˽ȥ
ţţãСһĸ͸˵ض˵
𣿿ĸ߽ЦŶ˵ַͷϸ˼¡
Ȼǰֻһˣ㶺ңӨӨأôûһأĸһֱΪСӨҲһġ
裬СӨһЩϵˣڼоأҾʹˣǸĸҲڼǺǣæЦŶĸ˵
ŶǾǴȥɣ˵ҪתתǾʹȥֺ԰ɣиֳתתʲôĶУĸ˺Ͷ˵
õģ裬ھͳɣ˾ͱ߶ĸͣ˳ʼнֺ԰ȥ裬˰ô찡ұ߿ںŵĸ
ûˣˣҲҪҳأͲõˣĸ˵
Ŷ裬ͺãæĸ˵
ȻͼעųΪ֪ĸϲڿʱ˵˵һҪעⰲȫܷĵģŰСʱ󣬾͵нֺ԰ſڣҰѳͣǾ˳죬԰ˣرĶ࣬СڴǵĺģΪֺ԰رСģֳļǿЩ̸˵Сǡ
ҸմӳǰСӳﱧģһֱϣҪԼߣҾͰȻĸ԰ſȥҳ͸СӨһ΢ŹȥţôˣûϷСӨ΢źҾͿ첽ĸ
ְ֣Ҫɣ˵߰һֻСҲݸҡ
ҾǣСȥͳΪҺĸֱǣֻСһ԰Ĵſȥ˵ҺĸƵǣźӵš
ЩΣĸҲЩΣҪǣߣҲûа취ģξΰɣֻҪľͺãҺĸƵķֱǣֻС߽˴š
Ҫתתһ빫԰ĴţС͸˵غ
úúãھȥתתĸҲ˵ض˵
ѽѽСֿɰõ˵
ǵĺӺÿɰŶˣʱһСҲֱǺӵֻС־ǵʱǸӾ΢ЦҺĸ
Һĸ˾ͺĬĻһۣҼĸ쾫µİһ죬ȻæܿңҵЩΣδҿڻػͼĸҲ΢ЦضǸʻ˵ǵĺҲɰģ̣̣ˣʱСҲǳɰĶǸ˵
ԣǸӱЦŶС˵һֻСͷϸ¡
ĸ˵ⲻǳ𣿶ʱһΣ˵ݰݣĸС˵
̣ݰݣСǳԵĶǸ˵
ݰݣǸҲС˵ݰݺĺˡ
ʱ͵͵һĸ쾫µ͸¶һ˿˿Σϸӵһֽ޵ζ
ȻǾ԰ֳȥӺСӨǰиС̯ѿҺĸָ˵˦Ǿǰ̯λ˹ȥ
ҺĸһĬĻһۣȻǻЦЦĸͿ첽Сȥȴóֻ˿СӨûлҵϢСӨڵڸأôϢأָСӨһϢȥţôϢϢҲǸߵС̯λȥ̯λǰͼС˵̯λѡŸɫƯߡ
𣬼ôˣûطˣҶ˵
˼ҾҪһСҲСƢ
ӳ˸˰ɣ͸һɣĸæ˵
ǺǣŴ󷽣ʱߵ̯˾ЦǺǵĶ˵
˶ʱ͸еǳΣ̯͵ʱ򣬾ͼվߵĸ͵͵˳ҵ·ҾͰ̯λ͵ĻӲȥ
ĸΪʲô᲻ҽأʱСѾһСߣĸæ̯Ǯ
̯ĸʮ顣
˾Ͷ̯˵ôСҪʮ鰡ɿ黹࣡λҽ۶ʮǮˣ飬ҲͿ𣿡ÿߵ̯ǺܺڵģΪֻҪСӿһߣҳӣǺӾͻ޴ֵģ̯һ㣬ͰѼ۸񿪵رߣ¼ҳǮߡ
ˣ治úӿʮʮɣδ뿪˵ĸѾĿͳʮǮߵݸ̯߶˵
ǺǣӺã̯߽ĸݸǮߴŷ̵˵ʱͰҵˣһ˵ٴ˵ҵĸҵӣ뷴ʱͼĸСǰ߱߶˵ǿ߰ɣҲֻĸĸ뿪ߵ̯λȻóֻ˿ûյСӨĻظţĺƣСӨôˣѵں͸̸˵˸һϢҲСӨֻڷˣ֪ҸϢҲûʱ俼ˣæСӨһϢȥţϢòãˣ
ְ֣ҸշϢͼСתҡ
ˣˣұ˵߷ſ׷ȥ
˭ϢĸҵߣңΪղĸҲתֻڴ֡
裬˭ıŮ£ǺǣæЦǺǵĶĸ˵
ŶĸһֻǣСһֻžģȥǷǳʣ˵һ·ĸĻͷҲߵģ裬ղΪʲôҽͰͻȻĸ
Ǵźʶʲôý͵أĸ쾫µһ죬ȻͶ˵
ţҲŶǺǣҲǣαغͲʶ˷ѿˮء
ǿ߰ɣղ𶼵Ȳסˣĸ˵
ţұ߰ɣ˵žͱСĸһֳķȥ



ڶʮ һ
ұĸֳ˵ľܵתתǰæƱȻͱȥٻĸһڱ˿
ܻǵżСӨ͸ףСӨ᲻ᷢүү§§ƵңԾ̲סóֻһСӨûиһϢʧˣСӨûлϢĸеˣСӨΪʲôһϢĪѾһˣʱо˷ЩԴףԾּɴĸСӨһϢȥţĪһ˸һϢˣ
ĸڿתתС쾫µİϴŴЦݡҲûпֻСӨϢС˼Ȧʱ䵽ˣҪ棬Ҳûа취ٸһƱһΡ
Ȼ̲סóֻ˿ûյСӨظϢָһϢȥţǵզˣϢҲأˣ
æŶҸոհϢĸҡ
裬аͬ·ϢһЩϵ£ûˣæĸ˵
ΪĸǸڣСӨҿɲܶ˵ǺСӨϢˣĸĻɣȻСӨڼ徲оϵ⣬ԼᷢϢĸ϶ôģֻƭĸ˵ǺͬʱϢˡ
𣿡ĸЦſ˵ĸǽʦڵְҵҵ۹Щ
ţ裬㿴Ķ࿪İҼæѻתȥ
ǰҪȥģ㿴Ķ࿪İɣĺܻÿɰŶǺǣĸЦݵĶ˵
裬лл㣡ͻȻǳϿҵضĸ˵
ĸ㶣ȻʹɻĿ⿴ʵͻȻðôһллĻô°裬нĳɾͻһֱ֧ңԴСھչţҪû㣬ҺСӨҲôĵȥϰ࣬ҪллСͥչ˺͸ҷǳϿҵضĸ˵
ĸ˿ĵ¶Цݶ˵ҲûǣǵþͺãԺˣҲҪչ裬Тͺˣ裬İɣǵĺãҶأԺҾĶӣҺСӨһչˣТģַǳϿҵضĸ˵
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裬ͱˣ廹ôӲʣ᳤֤ģæοĸ
Ǵ濪ĵģǲ˵ĵ£Ǻǣĸ˵ž˦һ糤ֹСӨֱһģһҲĪ˼СӨ͸ףǵզˣСӨϲƭҰɣұһţͻطһ͸׷ʲôֲԣСӨڷҷϢӦǿİҲʱҵģСӨһֱҵϢҺܿ϶͸׻ᷢЩʲôʹСӨûʱҵϢʲô𣿡ĸͻȻҡ
裬ûأʲô°Ǻǣæĸ˵ȴĸǽʦ˵ɫǺģʱͻȻеڿֻһ£ҵҲһ£Ϊ֪϶СӨϢˣʱͷǳļСӨڻϢˣԼһϹ²ܴҿˣæߵĸ˵裬￴סȥҸһ£ȥɣĸ쾫µİһ죬ȻֻĿһңͶ˵
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ҿϢ󣬶ʱ˷ܵȫĲһ£Ȼ²ûСӨǺ͸һ˿ֻģʱҼĶòŵָСӨַϢˣţƵأûУĿǰĵĻСӨ͸§§ƵûʱıģΪĸֳǱߵһȥġ
ҼСӨȴһҲϹ氡ǵСأ𣿡СӨϢ󣬼ֱ˼Щһ߼֪СӨ͹û§§ƵһֵĸǱߣǻһϢСӨţҴֺ԰ˣܹԣһرģͷĺˣˣڸû§§Ƶ
ҷϢҲǷǳ˷ܵģһһִ֣Ҳ˵Ƿǳӵġ
ֳķ˿ĸվǰСתת棬Ҳ̤ʵһЩ
СӨҲܿϢˣϹ²£ţҶֱˣСӨϢ׽ԲҾظһϢţҲ²㻹ֱӸҰɣҶˣСӨعһҷǳ˷ܵϢϹ㷢Ƶ
ҼϢ󣬶ʱ˷ȫƲסĲһ£ţСӨ͸׻§һˣ⡭Ҳ̫˸е̼ˡ
һǼСӨϸ㷢§§ƵţͲڷƵСӨع˵Ϲ㷢ɣ˼ϢˣȲˣһݰݵı顣
֪СӨڸҵθڵģҲˣɣѾ֪СӨ͸Ѿ§§ˣټֵĸǱߣԾͿֻʱ䣬ѾʮһˣҲٸСӨϢˣתĸǱߵķȥ
ˣĸһ˾Ͷ˵
Ҷ֪ʱصĸߵģΪһֱĳЩ£ĸ֪Ѿ֪Ѿĸߣæĸ˵ţ裬զתתأʱֵˣǳҪ棬һƱһΣĸ˵
Сһ̫СĶĸ˵
Ȼ棬˰ɣǺǣĸ۵ľСˣЦŶ˵
裬ЩԹƵĶĸ˵
ǺǣֻôһŮ˭ĸЦǺǵĶ˵ͻȻңӨӨûУ׼ʱһأ裬ôС˵ɣͶĸ˵
ǿԲΪôСĵģҪһ԰ǴСģĸ˵
裬̫ˣҺСӨٿһ°ɣʵҺСӨѾ˵ģʱٿӵ£˶֪ôģĸ̾һ˵
֪иҲ˵ǺǣҺЦڶĸ˵ĸȴһ죬뵽ĳЩ˵¡
Ҽĸˣ֪Ҹղ˵ĻЩͻʱҲ͸¶֮ɫ
ͻȻתתʱֵˣû˵ˣҪǴȥҼѾˣͺȥ緹ȥ㣬СǷҪȥ
ԣڵ緹ʱˣ׶԰ʦ̵úӶҪʱԷְ֪һȥ緹Ժȥ𣿡ĸʱСĸǰԽ
ðȥͰɣСǱȽŻģͬʱˣѽھȥȥĸ˵߰ǸСĸǰվȻǣССֳȥ
ְְ֣֣ҲǣҵְɣС߶˵߰һֻСҡ
ҲǣСֺĸһǰȥ
См䣬Һĸ߷ֱǣС֣˵Ǿһˣǵ˹԰רΪСѿͣ˸λĸһǵĶ棬Ȼ͸Сϲըᣬһ֡
ҺĸÿҪһҲΪ׼ģ裬ҪǱСӨֳ֪ͣ϶˵ǵģ΢ЦŶҶĸ˵ΪСӨƽʱըʳˣʳҪǽСӨҲڵĻԲըȿֵģֲÿ춼ԣżһҲûģСӨǵģҵıŮܵôϣĸ˵
ŶãС˾ɵĸ˵
Ǻǣԣĸ˸˵ı߸˼Сͷ߿ĵĶ˵
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ղڳԵʱһֱ߶˵ȥأҺĸǣСķȥȥһ·ϣ˶ΪһڣĸȻ˵ˣҲͲЩİˣ˵ҲûǸҪȥͣǵһߣƱȻҾͱȽδٰСδҾסĸСְӰǣδȻǰ棬Һĸͬ棬δǽ̤ģҺĸͿʼŽ̤δʼĶȥ
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Цһڻüʲô˼װź򶨵СӨ
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ɶ˼ѽҲСӨ
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ư˷ܵģҪҲأСӨ̽Եҡ
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ȻҪչȥˣţ֧㣡˷ܵضСӨ˵ȻͰսСӨµӱߵţֻչ§ûиһķչ𣿡㣡СӨһ죬Ͱһ˵ΪƭңҲûж˵§ûչˣ˵һҲ㣬СӨϾŮʿ˵ĻҲк󲽵ģ˶ʱ˷ܵţ˼ǳ§зչ𣿡˵𣿲㣡û׼ģСӨһ죬쳣Ķ˵
Ҳ֪Ҫȵˣ̾һ˵
ϹģֻҪҶˣҾ͸㣡СӨҰ̾ӣ̲סЦŶ˵
ҶģͻȻ׸ҵʯ쳣㾪ϲҪǰʯ͸СӨҲҪˣҾ̲ס˵ضСӨ˵ţұ֤㶺ĺܿĵģҵţҪ㶺أСӨңҪ㶺ģֻȥҰֵķ˯˺ˣ۰δ˵ãҵֱ۾ͱСӨݺݵסˡ
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Ȼ͵͵СӨɫСӨȴңȻһתˣŶԳԷˣ˵ž뿪˷ſڣţȥԷɣҼ뿪ˣͶСӨ˵СӨġߡɲǰ׺ߵģͲңȻһתſȥһЩ£ѵСӨˣӦû£ֻҪһϲ֤Ὺĵģž͸˵̲סЦһ¡
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ţ֣Ҳ԰ɣұ߶Իվŵĸ˵
ҲȻǾͿʼԷڳԷʱСӨ͸һֱû˵ҲʮģǶ§ˣҲǺģСӨԵر죬ֻһʱ䣬ͳһС׷ɲСӨĳԷ磬ǰԵǺģּѷͿһţȻһԵվ뿪˲ȥˡ
Өôˣ׼ڿˣϻ͸¶κεı顣
֣ûʲôأҶԸ˵
ŶӦһͲ˵ˡ
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֣˲Ҫһ°˵ǲǰæԸ˵
ҲŶûµģ㰲žˣ˵ͻȻңָ͸ӨûУûأ֣׼͸СӨأæԸ˵
ţֿСӨЩˣҲ֪ǵʲôԭղڷֵģ׺̽ҡ
˾׸׵˼ˣ׿ΪҺСӨղڷΪֵģԾ̽һ£ҵȻø׸еˣԾͶԸ˵֣ڿЦأͱˣǺǣʵ׼һؼˣһֱڵ£ּҽ˷䣬͸ˣСӨ緢ȫ˿Ҫÿ֪Լ˯ţԼҲûӿˣԾԽԽ£ڳղ˶ĲɵģǷﴫĳΪСӨȫˣǲŻᳳʵʱСӨסҵֱۣ˵˰ˣԸˣǸȴ֪ҲպˣԸ׾æǵķſڣҲǿŵģͿСӨӣȴһʹı飬׾͸ӺˣһֱڽУˣˣȫˣСӨһǰ¸˿ôʹģǸСٳԼ͸ӵˣԲӲͷƤڸأǿԳԷˣȴŵҪҲ׼Լ𣬾ͰȫԼеӨ߿ԼӨģСΪԼҪ飡ȻԼʹصϼȥҲˣ͹һ˹°뱲ˣû뵽ԼĻ󣬷ǵûгԼԼʹԼҲǸеǳ⣬ĪӨûи߿ԼӨ£ԽŵҲŷˣ˵һԳԷˣ뿪ǵķ䡣
ּԼôϿңԼǿЦֵģԸ׾͸ӵķˣҲ϶Өûи߿ϺԼ£ҲϴСˣ֣ҼӨǲˣŰָʯȥúúɣѾȫ˵ĸ׾Ͷ˵
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СӨ˲ûңһ棬󱳺ƨɳҡ
ţ㵽ôˣղǿЦ˵İ˺òãæ
ôЦİСӨͷҲת˵һ䡣
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СӨ˺ҲЩˣͰת˹ȴˮҼһæĵţôˣСӨĵ˵Ϊ밡һΪ㸸׵ĹֲΪ񫣬ôģֵǰҲûһˣ㻹˵ȥַ˯Ļܲί𣿡˲ŻȻʱֻԼ񫣬ҲûΪСӨûпǵܣҵĴæϿҵض˵ţĺܶԲ㣬ֻԼˣҲûܣԲţ̫ͻˣԺұ֤Ҳ˼ܵģϹ˼ҾǸҪŮˣƲң㲻ˣͻȻ뿪ңϹĺºءСӨ˵˳ţģԲģԺ֤㣬ģ˵žͰѷں˳ѾƷеݵСӨǰţ͸ģСӨеƷУ㶣ȻңϹʲôѽţ򿪿֪𣿡ЩĶСӨ˵
ʲôѽôصģСӨ߽ӹƷУ˵
ȴţϹڰѹó͸ˣԼһҪװźܾϲܸжӣǧ¶ʲôҪ֪˾Ͳճˡ



ڶ װϲ
СӨȻ֪ƷװŵʯǰװƷеĸӣʯʱƯ͸¶ϲı飬ȻòŵĿ̧ͷңţϹʯҮҶԺ΢΢һЦϲţ̫ϲˣϹôͻȻ˼أ⡭̫Ҹеˣ̫ҸеϲˣСӨװ쳣ϲĶ˵
ţʱΪ˰Ұֽʹ࣬ҲǹˣҲǶҶû͸㣬һֱ㣬ҲһĲӹ԰͵Һþһ鱦꣬Ծ͸ϣϲҰõĻСӨ˵˳
ϹĺϲãСӨ쳣˵ض˵ȻʹƷȡֵİŪ
ҼҲǷǳĸˣڸле˲ǸģԼȴƭСӨ˵Լ͸ģûƭҽҲʼ˵ˣʹҸеǳ
СӨϲģֻ͸ܰˣڸתϹϹ͸ԼټԼ綼Ѿ͹ϱ֮ˣǹģϹ͵ģԼѾ˷ϵˣڲҲİˣţΪԿƯƯҷǳضСӨ˵
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ţԼǷޣ˵лˣֻҪϲͺãҲǳϿҵضСӨ˵
СӨְתȥžԼٿϵʯĺϲͻȻңϹʯŶһܹİɣ󲻹ţֻҪϲͺãһվСӨıЩεĶ˵
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˾æȥϴ裬ȻʹֻһĽڿ㣬ҿ滹ЩĹĵģҲ֪СӨΪʲôҪȥϴԭܼҸһҵĽˡ
ҴʱСӨѾɻ˴ϣҾµЩߺ죬˴ҲҪһСӨ㣬Ϊ͸§ˣһеܲҲϲˣһҪúõеһôİСӨߺ󣬾ذԸ§˹
СӨҲǷǳ˳ҵĻȻС־쵽ҵĿǸҷ󰮰š
ҿļȻѾˣǻûӲԲСӨѨĳ̶ȣҲڹ԰һεԭģСӨȻҲоˣС־ȻҵڿУץסҿİ벻Ӳļ;Ϳʼ
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ϹںӲˣ˼Ҳ˵ˣĸеŶòãСӨһֱҵĿסҵļͣȻеҵļѾӲˣȫԳˣԾ쳣ɬĶ˵
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ҿСӨ壬͸˷ļҲӼӲˣæԼϵĽڿй˱׼ļ;ͱ¶˳
СӨ͵͵һҿļͣĪ׿ȻѾƷǸȻˣֱȻԼѨͿ㣬ԼϹļԼѨг壬֪ûиоأڿ󣬾СӨ¶˯ȹǱСӨֹסˣϹͲˣ뿴Ϳ˼ҵ˯ȹƵȥţӦһ󣬾Ͱ˯ȹȥȻٰСӨزϵֱҲȥʱСӨزϵֻ۵ķᒴ鷿¶˳һ˷ܣ˫ֱַסֻ۶еԵ鷿˼º󣬾ͰѹСӨϣֿʼǵ
ҵļͲСӨѨʱСӨȻеˬԶԶ׼ͲˬװźˬţšϹҸ֪СӨΪҸţǹװźҳĺӶҵġ
ҼСӨҳôѹϾ͸Ŭͦƨɳ
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ұ˵̼ľƴĒƨɳһǸеСӨѨ޵׶ƵģƾôŬôʹ;ǲ岻ѨʹҸе쳣ҲĪҪǸ׿ǸȻСӨѨУ϶嵽ģž͸ӵ˷ȻͲ岻棬һǷǳŬСӨЩ
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ţ𣿡§СӨЩΪ֪ͲܲѨСӨǴﲻģϹŶСӨ˵ž̧ҵĶͷһ£һԤУеСӨװģҲܵƣĺܸмƽҲһˡ



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ڶ죬ϴþ˸׵ͺȥϰˡ
СӨȥλĳϣҾ̲סĺЦСӨ˵ţڲϵʯĺƯŶղڳ͵ʱûзҰֵ۾һֱڶ㲱ϵʯأǺǣСӨһ죬ô᲻֪ڳ͵ʱ򣬸һֱԼϵأ֪׿Լϵ˸еƯÿ⣬һֱζ˼˼ô֪أһֱͷԷأСӨƱŶ˵
ţղһͣզһأȥҰôܷչȥҾȻСӨ͸׵չˣΪںСӨʱּԼļ׼ǲ岻СӨѨҲԽԽǿңԾǷչȥԼ£øװæˣСӨҲõ㣬ԼҲٶСӨΣɲǴȥģΪСӨģСӨһ죬˼Ҷ㼱ʲôţⲻΪ𣿺ǺǣЦǺǵ˵
Ϊ룿ǣΪ룿Ҫѻ˵СӨ˷ǳ𾪣Ȼˣǳ˵
ǺǣЦ
ιʲô˼ҪַչȥΪ㰡ΪܹҲŴӦַչȥģҪôܻɬ֮أڵãͷ˵Ϊ룿Ҫǲ¸˵Ҿ͸û꣡СӨЦӣʱ͸ˣ˵󻹸Ҹҷ˺ݻ
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˵أСӨĶ˵
ʵҲСӨ嶯ģϾ͸ǹһģʹر֮У˵һЩееĻͻƲסĳ嶯ҲǷǳģš˭ţҲţҸոպ֣Ŷʱͱĸˣţ嶯ôͰҼСӨģôɰЦŶ˵
ƤЦģýˣڸҺúÿĳ쵽λˣСӨֺһ˵
⡭˵ˣСӨִҵĻ
ֻܱˣΪСӨͷϣҿɲأȻҾĿų̲ס͵͵һҲСӨ΢죬Ҳȣزʷᒴֻ鷿ȵĺͣšСӨĵλſڣСӨһԵĴ򿪳˳Ȼת˵һ䣺Ϣҽſ˵硱һűˣȻתλĴſȥˡ
ҵͶO͵ĽסˣһعʱСӨԸ嶼ѾʧڵλˣҿЦһ£Ȼλȥ˹˾İ칫ңȰͷϱȽҪĹڵˣȻͼɴóֻСӨϢͣţˣ֪ڻʱԽԽеѵˣÿζ֪϶òĿк㣬֪жҼҰֿ㷢չȥҰֵǶô˶󣬿϶ܽҲʹõĿк㣬ҵȱݸֲϣҲõ㣬ԺҲ̫ˣԲڳ㿪Ц˵ôһ䣬ԲţҲãҪҵǶҲҸôӴҲôˣţҵĴˣ
ҷϢ󣬲һղڴֵʱҲǶģ˵ҲﻰһԼļΪʲôû׵ô󣿺ԼÿκСӨò㡣
ҿϰεĿϣĿһ󣬾յСӨĻظϹԲˣûҪеεģֻҪ໥ŶԷˣ
ҿСӨظϢ󣬾͸еӵĲˣҺ䣬ûжһѣȻΪһ˻ѣʹһֱеܲҲôֱһαӣԲƽʱķ¶СӨ˵ĻһӵģҾСӨ˵ҵҲᱻĥһӵģҰСӨҾԲܶһ
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죬һϰ°࣬ÿ춼ڼɨҲûٷСӨڳͻǳͣһֱûк͸˵ʹҶʼСӨǲƭˣҪôһĶҲûأҼױİ˻İˣڴϣһ̲סСӨţզ°զһ㶯Ҳûأ㼱ʲôأܼ𣿡СӨһۺȻûĶ˵
ţжҼÿڲϳԷҰ־˵Ƶģһ仰ҲҰ˵ȥôܻչأҿʼǲƭˣҺܵĵĶСӨ˵
ϹİɣƭأСӨЦŶ˵
ҰôͲأҸ꣬ͻȻ˵ضСӨ˵ţа취ˣţСӨͻȻ˵غ˵ͱҸ㲻ˣţڼҾʹԸе·ҰֿˣϷ𣿡˷ܵضСӨ˵
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ѨһйôִСӨŻеϹļԼѨгĲ֪ˣϹСӨװűϹٵúӡ
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ȻСӨ۵Сס׵Ȼ￪ʼ׶ʱ׵Ͼ͸¶һͻϲı顣
ȻûаѴСӨѨǱ͵ЩʹСӨ޹ǵСס׶ţǸеģбԼס׶ŵĴ󼦰ͣСӨķԽԽңҲԽԽȼСѨҲԽԽСӨס׵ĴŬ׶ţҧ´ڰţһҪסһҪס
СӨڰţԼѾӦԼϹ͹ټչȥǵʱԼô᲻͹أԴʱСӨԼҲԼȻôִš
СӨ촩һɫΪòϵʯ¶ťûпϣ¶ʯѩ׵ؼ洩ŵһţп㣬Ķ£β״޳ȳƵĴ״ȫ˳
ǸɳϵģӸ¾ܿСӨӳ¶һƬ۵ļһԼԼĿ鹵СӨסȻ׶ʱ𶯣׻ܿ鹵ɫأʱֻӶҪˡ
ӺСӨͻһֻס׵Ĵ׶ţѻֻһִֻɳıԵԼȴԽԽûˣΪֻһʱ䣬ֶѾЩˣķӦҲԽԽǿرȼѨﴫ̵ĸоʹеֻ˺ҧѨʺƵģƱ˺ҧŵĸоܻĥ˵ģеһİܣץץ
׵ֻ۾һֱ̰ضСӨ¶˵鹵ҲĳЩ˿ˮü̧ƲСӨӳ¶鹵зĸ£ȴӲӲסˣΪûСӨͬ⣬ҰҪǰˣҪ˵ԲˣҲȲˡ
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ΡӨ𣿡СӨĸ֣ôܿأϻǺܹĵ˽ĵģȴСӨԽԼȴϣ
֣˫ʹ鷳ˣСӨ˵һ䡣
ӨɳϣôҲܱȶźЩױ˵ɳ
С˺ҧҧ´ԥһȻһ죬վ˵ڸ׵ߣסȻȴûͣһֱ׶š
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ͻȻ۾һ뵽һԼͻԵ£СӨϾŮˣȻ{ɬģԼΪˣӦҪЩġ
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ײûаѴСӨϵֱ۷£ǰǿʹСӨĶ˷ܵض˵Өðֱһɣ˵꣬ȻѴСӨֱԼһ§СӨͿ˸׵ϣ븸زֻʵҲŽؼѹظϡ



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֣ҪſСӨͻȻ§ڻʱͱŵûʧɫæţ߾ŵĶԸ˵
ڸũĸֱǺоģƾСӨôҲ޼£˵ҲǺš
СӨڸ׻еѹڸظϵֻ鷿Ҳڸ׵زĦ
СӨǱͱܵ鷿ڸظһĦʱ͸еһѸٵĴ鷿ϴȫÿ䣬ʹ͸ӵšСӨ̲סĽһ
Ҳ𽥵ֹͣȴڿ˵֣ĶϱءſҰӨǲһð§һʲôϵİ׵ֱ۱߽СӨ壬ǰĶ˷ִŰСӨ˵
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֣ҪҪ㣬ŪˣСӨһֻ鷿ͻȻ׵סţʱŵûʧɫ߰һֻСִڸ׵ʹֻƵϼƸ߾ֵţǵСӨ꣬Ѿɬ޵ˣԼղŻ໥ìܵģһߺŲҪһҪ㣬ⲻڽи׼סԼ鷿𣿸׿СӨ˵໥ìܵĻˣʱϾһϲһ߽§סСӨ壬һסزһֻ鷿ʹ
֣㣬ۡСӨеס鷿е㷢ʹ̲סĽ˵
ǲ§סϵģֻ鷿ؼѹڸ׵زϣҲ鷿׵һֻסţֻе鷿϶ʱʹһУѸٵĴ鷿ɢȫÿ䣬ʹСӨĻӵ
Ҳ鷿ƣҲȷСӨѾͬԼ鷿ˣʱоֿ˻Ҳ͸¶˷ܺϲı顣
СӨԽԽеɬˣͨ죬ҲԽԽˣԼ̫ˣסøģԼ屳Լеǳɬ
ס׵ȻһҲûֹͣ׶
Ѿ֪СӨڰưУҲԽԽˣȻסСӨ鷿ϵƲ⿪ť۵ĳ桭֣ҪĲԣóСӨͻȻֺˣе׵ѾԼϣҲԼֱ¶ѩ鷿ϣʱգžƯѾɬͨˡ
׵ƲСӨûť۵ĳ棬ֱָץ鷿ϼĵڱֱѩ鷿ϣе鷿леԣָеرĻ壬ԴʱԽԽ˷
Ÿ׵˷ܣֻͷ⴦ϵС治ϵðһ͸Һ壬һֱͷپ깵СӨס׶ŵİСϣЩŰСӨУƵס׶ưͿһ͡
СӨеԽԽɬԼ͸һڿɳϣԼΪ׵Ķϱ׵һֱ۽§סϣһֻ鷿ؼѹڸ׵ظϣҲһֻ鷿ȴ״ϼƲǰڣֱץסԼ鷿ţԼס׳Ŀϲͣ׶ţôζĺ͸һܲʹСӨеɬأ֣ĲǸСӨȥˣ岻κεڿš
СӨĿȫ޲ģµĸ׺ʧȥǣҲǱôƯĶϱˣô׵ķſأһǴϼ˳СӨ֮ѩ׵鹵ֱ桭֣Ҫţ㲻ģĶϱӵŰִ֣ӳ׵ƲСӨֱʱСӨ˷ܵĻĲһ£ȻͻʧɫľһĹ˵
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رȼСѨ棬ѾǷĳˣ̵ĸоʹˮ̰ӿ˳ѾоԼڿ㶼šˮˣȴԽԽˣƲСӨֱʹ˺һ󣬾Ͱƴֱ˳ʼСӨɫϵť֣ۡʲôѽҪҵť۰׵ƴֱгʱСӨһȻĪĸеһʧУͻȻּ׵ڽԼϵťۣʱֱŵûʧɫľ
ʹˣŸҲһʹС
ԭСӨڽź;вֹ֪ͣסȻ׶һľƵĽץסųϵťһһµı׵ָ⿪ŵİԽԽԸײͻȻʹ
СӨҲһôͻȻʹأͱ̧ܵͷŸڵüͷʹ࣬ͷϻ˺ˮСӨť۵Ҳֹͣסˡ
СӨҲһæʵ֣ôˣӨ֣ץ̫ˣҪ˰ʹ˵˳
СӨ˲ŻȻ򣬶ʱæɿƣҲɬͨȻЩ˼ĶԸ˵֣Բ𡭡û£û£Ǳץ̫ʹ˲ŽгģæСӨ˵
ڻʹ𣿡СӨſ֪кݺץסļͺ󣬾æӱס׶ˣԱʸס
ڲ̫ʹˣǡЩʹײ˼˵˳
СӨһ죬Ȼ֪˵ʹʲô˼ˣʹɬ˵֣̣ܿͻġ׵ָֿʼСӨɫϵťˣЩεĶСӨ˵ΡӨо仰֪òö㽲СӨиײҪٽť۵ģ˸׵Ļ󣬾æʵ֣ʲôͽɣװСӨϵһť۽⿪εĶСӨ˵СӨϴڰַĴǶˣ԰һĸоûУ㿴ôˣҲ۵ĹǺˣ밡ŪϼСʱҲ䲻ģܰϰǡˣǿ䲻ˡСӨ˶ʱ㶣Ÿ׵Ļ˵еԼѾŪ˿ʮˣֶѾۣ󶼸еЩʹˣָҲЩľˣǼһļûС
û׼񹫹˵ѾϰԼѨˣϴԼʧȥº͹зϱ֮£Ҳְ﹫Ū
ʱСӨЩˣ֣ŪŪСӨǲģȻʹָľӲס׵Ȼӿٶȵ׶ţϵťȫ׵ֽ⿪Ҳ֪
׿СӨĳ⿪¶ѩ׼ɫأ۾һСӨϵļ֬Ĺ⻬ϸ壬Ҳ̲סϵĳ
֣ҪأĲ԰𡭱ԼϵĳСӨ֪ԼĳϵťѾȫ⿪ˣʱŵûʧɫһ߾˵һæһֻ̧ץס׵Լĳ
Өһû׼·һ˷ܣģðְĳ𣿡ƭĶСӨ˵
СӨͨ죬ɬҧҧ´󣬻ɿץסİС֡
׼϶ʱ͸¶ϲ˷֮ɫæòŵְĳǰ߿СӨư֮ڰϵĳ
ʱֻСӨ֬İ۹⻬ļͳڸ׵ǰ
ֻʣһ˿صСӨѾɬͨ죬ȻԼѾ׿Ǹе޵ɬһֱĬĬҧ´ıĳʱǶôɬס׵ȻŬ׶š
ͻȻСӨͽһüͷΪ׵ϸļϸţϼƸ֬ϸļеЩʹͬʱеرĴ̼
Өϵļð׺ûױ̰ĶСӨ˵ֵ߰ظѩ׹⻬ϸ弡
֣˵ˣˣСӨ˸еǳɬϹ˵ĻҲǺˣĹ˵ζȫˣôܲиеѵأ׼СӨɬģ͸ӵĸе˷ܣСס׶Ĵ󼦰Ҳ͸ӵļӲˣ˵ҪˣӨְؽ𣿡ͻȻϼƸСӨ֬ϸ弡ְǿʹСӨĶżٵĺ֣ɣҪҵ𣿡ȻСӨ˵û֮ǰôļˣΪѾˣټϰֱϼѩ׹⻬ļϷظţе׸ļ϶һִʹУִ̼оǸϼĽȻеЩʹȴеǳĴ̼˷ܣԻ͸ӵˣ˵Ҳûеˣ׿ѾóСӨ˵ˣҲͬ⻹ǲͬ⣬Ͱһֻ쵽СӨѩ׹⻬ĺȥָСӨϹ̶ǰֱϵС۸⿪ʱСӨʹҡ˼ɬɬĶ˵֣԰ͱҵˣ˵ءѾ֪СӨΪԼһЩӲŻ˵ģԾ͸ûĻǱ׾ָ˺ôľŰСӨ󱳵СӸ⿪ˣʱһСӨϵĵԴӾߵֿˣСӨϵشʧأʱҲɬͨ죬زϵֻ鷿ҪʧˣеǳɬͬʱҲе쳣˷ܡȻСӨϣ׾ͼɴİز鷿Ѿɳ˵ֱСӨеɬĻԼȻŸװڼϵϸӣԼźİֱ³
ʱͼСӨزϵַֻᒴı鷿ͱ¶ڸ׵ǰֻ鷿ۻԲַǳķᒴرѩ鷿źֺɫͷˣСӨΪ˵ԭ鷿ѾӲ



 ʧСӨ
СӨѾˣ¶زֻ۷ᒴı鷿Ϲ鷿һչʾԼǰСӨеرɬɬлһִ̼˷ܣֻס׿֮ﲻͣŬ׶šԽԽ˷ˣֻ۾̰ضСӨز¶ֻ۵ķᒴ鷿ҲҪˣʱ͸еڸҲ̲סϼסСӨزϵİ鷿ϼסСӨе鷿ʱֻ̲סĲһ£͸ӵĺ
ϼסСӨ۱鷿ʼеԼϱ鷿ǳıеԣָǷǳرǿѾӲͷϸеرĴ̼
еİ鷿״ϼסţСӨеʹЩʹ֮⣬еԼ鷿ⱻϼĸ̵ʹ
ټ鷿ⱻϼʹĴ̼Ѹٴ鷿ϴȫÿ䣬ʹСӨȫϵܵȸоǣСӨŷģȼСѨʹѨ𽥵رÿѨֹסشѨӿ˳ѾŪʪһСƬСڿһƬţˣסˣĺܣԼǲֻᱻ£ģһģԼֻҪҧҧ̹ȥͿˣСӨвͣİš
ȻеԼСѨĴ󼦰Ͳٵûǳǻ˵ģΪĶϱڴϣſ۵Ĵȣ¶˵ĲλԼĹĴ󼦰Ͳ룬ţСӨȥˣϴԼʧȥԺıٵãѵʱĸһֱ۰§СӨѩ׹⻬ĺ󱳼ϣĳѩ§ĿԼϣʹСӨİ鷿ؼѹԼظϣСӨҲ鷿Ȼ¶⣬׵סʹš
زϵ鷿Ȼе״ϼƸЩʹʹʹĸоʹСӨǲýиԴʱСӨɬָеرĴ̼˷ܡ
ѾܵĿҪˣȵĸоǷǳĥˣϵÿͷƵģִӹͷϴǸҲץģʱȣĻ˸ĥģСӨǸ䵭ŮˣҲᱻǿҵĸоǵñһˣοСӨǸͳأļŮأСӨȻѾܵҪסˣﰵԼһҪסһסȴ֪Ѿ𽥵ıˣΡӨܲð˱һͷ׼ٵشͻȻԼĶСӨȫһæŵĶԸ˵֣ԲԣԵģСӨ˵ĿģԼϹ鷿ͷѾƸ̣ˣ˱ԼͷǾ̫ԲԼϹˣСӨǼͬģӨð˱һ°ɣʲôϵأòãֻ۾̰ضŴԼָ¶ǸѾӲĺֺɫͷ߻ĵذСӨ
֣ԲԵģҪ˵ҿҪˣСӨʱҲǳּĶԸ˵
ҲСӨͼĿסˣʱͷ˱СӨͷͷȻͶ˵Өѿ˺𣿡ԡСӨæҡҡͷ߶Ը˵
ӨȥǵҲ䲻İ˿ɥСӨ˵Ȼֲһ䣺Ȳ˵ۣ绹Ҫȥϰѽ׵ĻͻȻСӨѽԼҪȥ˾ϰģһͼֽҪԼ˵ģʱҧҧ´ԥһ֮󣬾ĬĬĴӸ׵Ļ˳Ȼʹɳϳվ
ױͻȻľٶˣ۷㶵ĿСӨȫɻı顣
СӨƯԽԽ죬ҧҧ´󣬾ͰĽţпѣţпǽģҪ»ǺܷѾģСӨֱذţпϸġ
СӨѽţпİ¶һɫ˿Сڿ㣬ž޳ȳƵѩ׹⻬ĴȣȻǱֱѩСȡ
ţпֻСӨţпɳϣ쳣ɬ͵͵һ۸ףֻ۾һֱ̰ضԼ۵Ĵȿʱһ죬ţͿɣˣ̫ˣ̫ˣױ߽ضСӨ޳ȳƵİ۴ȿھڳţǰԺпСӨģʱʱʧȥǵ¿ģѵʱһСӨǴӿܻصȥˣڶԼķԼһѣСӨѾסǳѩˣҲе̫ˣԼҲڷУԼȴûʧȥǣҲܿסԼĳ嶯ˣ⵽ôһأʵԼҲ֪ϴκСӨķзϱ֮ºСӨѨѾǹǿҵһй˳ѾǰܿסԼˣҲ˵ĹֲѾκһ룬ٰʣµһйϵĹֲѾȫκˣԾҲˡ
ڵĸ׻ЩסԼģǰֻҪһͻʧȥǣƲסԼģ¸׺СӨ֪ѣҪǽСӨѨø׷йһΣ׵Ĺֲʹʧˡ
ԻûʧȥǵĸײʽСӨȣ޳ȳƣ۹⻬ϸ񣬴ϵļ׵ľɫСѪҲɼ
״ûмôƯȣǰζʧȥ֮ԺĿѹҲӡ̵ģԴʱĸ׾Ȼĳˣֻʣһɫ˿ڿ㣬ѩ׵ļȫ¶ڿĿУ¶ڸ׵ǰСӨѾɬͨˣ͵͵һ۸׺󣬼˳ԵĶԼȿɬеЩ֣ôԼ˫أ͵͵һ۸׵Ϻûǰôʹ࣬Ҳûǰô룬Ծ͸ӵĸеˣΪŮʿǾԴģ뵽һЩ飬Ҳû˵Ժ֤ʵ˵СӨ͵͵һ۸׵Ŀ䣬Ķʱִˣֻ׿Ȼﻹŭ죬ɱڣʱȫֿʼ绹Ҫϰ࣬ʱ䲻ˣԾͺƤԸ˵֣ٿˣһҪʱϰأ˲Ŵӳ˹ЩεСӨΡӨôŪ֣㻹վɳǰҾɳְŪɣСӨǲٴʧȥ壬ҧҧ´ɬԸ˵
Ҳûа취ΪѾоԼԿסԼˣǰʧȥ֮ˣСӨֻһСڿɳϣزֻ۵ķᒴ鷿Ŀزγһķ羰ߡ
ӨҪҪѳҲأ׻ǼϴСӨҪ£ҪµģԲСӨ
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ΡӨֺ˷ˡֿܿҪˡ׵ĵ豻СӨСסţѾ˷ܿ첻ˣƲסţȫҲһֱ΢زšСӨдϲ͸ŬֻСŪҲԼȫĲˣ뾡ø
ͻȻеӵϴһɷǳŵζһеԼסŵЩ쳣֪һЩӵϱ۹ʱСӨüͷΪһǳɾŮˣһ΢Ľ񱣬ôܵסдӵϱԼЩ۹ǹŵζأԾͱüͷҲһŻĵĸоˣסƸ˻Ǽ˷ܵӣϾҪˣҲֻסŻµĸоסĵ軹Ŭ븸ܿȴԹŸôôأϴʱҲϴɾŸǸصصׯˣϴϴɾҲ̾ˣ׸֪СӨʱΪʲôͻȻüͷҲһᷳı顣
ʱֻԼˬˣΪСӨֻСֱַԼµϣϲͣŪţ̼ѾҪ侫ıԵˣΪСҲԽԽȣһҲԽԽŨԾ̲סغӨֿҪˡСӨ֪Ҫˣ߷ɿסȻʹ׶ţæס輸һ֪ëˣɿסƣȻ쵽輸ϺҳһЩֽڸ˶ĹͷϣȻһ࣬סȻٶ׶ˣˣͻȻȫһҵĲڹͷϵֽѾʪˣΪ侫СӨƻһֱȻ׶ţŰӺ󣬲żѾ꾫ˣּȫһֱڲͣزţһȻһ쳣ɬĶԸ˵Լš侫ĸ׻СӨ˼æסԼ˶ͷֽ
СӨǴһץղŴغͳţпæӻصķȥˡ



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Ҹ֪ͻȻСӨ͵͵ؼҰ︸ָŪ˳ΪСӨ͸һķչҲûأСӨΪŪ˺󣬺صλڰ칫ҲЩڵģôõĻԼô͸ԼأǴӦϹ͹𣿵˽ҪôԼôôļأǴԼڱʱʧȥǲŻ͹ϱ֮£ԼѵʱˣβôĲ͹ϱ֮ˣ⼸Ҳ֪ϹôˣѾûкԼ˶ˣԼԤеģϹǹⲻԼģϹӻģΪҲ֪ôİ㻹ĸ׷ϱ֮𣿹ⲻһҼʵʱͻĸ׽ʣڰ칫СӨ뵽̲סЦһ¡
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ţҲˣϹ֪𣿵ȫԸʱϵӦ൱ǿҵģͱڵյʧȥǣԺĺ㸸׷ϵĹϵˣϹͱ˼ˣĺأ˼Ҳ˵ˣ˼𣿡˵ٺСӨȷʵѾɬû취˵ȥˣȻеǳ˷ܣСӨ˵ҲԣҲҪߺ棬СӨѾ˵ôˣҲĵˣҲ׷ȥˣҲҸе־־ϲˣһ̲סСӨСӨģ׷ˣһ䣬Ҹ׸𣿡ţСӨͨ˵һ䡣
Ǹ׵Ķܶ𣿡һ䡣
ţСӨɬɬӦһ
߳˼Σһ𣿡̲ס׷ȥϹ˵ôأСӨͻȻһ˵ţҲһ䣬͸Һòҷǳ˷ܵضСӨ˵
СӨ˾ҧ´ڰţҪǸϹ˵Լ߳Σǿ϶˵ĵģԾʵĶ˵ţһأ˲һȻЦǺǵĶСӨ˵ţãҹһˣ̬СӨûİһ˵ŸеԼȼѨѾ̣ĳˡ
û취ƤЦĶ˵֪СӨ˵ɬ£һǷǳɬģֻƤЦĲʹеɬ
Ȼ̲ס˷ܵţʲôư㸸氡ѽͱˣСӨ˵žɬİǸ˵ҵĻ꣬ҵĿɣʱһ죺Ϲĺñ̬ҮˡǺǣţҹЧҾȻ޳ܵĶСӨ˵
ûô޸أСӨ߽Ķ˵ҵһ£ٺ٣ţѵرĴ̼Ҳǵ˼飡֪СӨҲǸеܴ̼ģҪôʧأ̼ͷ˼ҶģԺƲң㲻ңûУСӨʵҲǸеر̼ģٲ˵£ôǿҵķӦأŮˣڱܣȻˣٺ٣ţѾ㣬ӲǺǣ˵ȼһеڿѾʪˡ
ѽѽСӨܱˣ¾ɬͨ쳣ߵĶ˵
ţǡұ˵§СӨ壬һֻƲСӨڿУѾʪѨϡ
СӨǵû͸ӵæСӨѾʪһƬСڿȻԼڿ㣬ͷѹСӨϣʼĻʮӺҴŴСӨȻҾڴͷ˺ֽݸСӨǰȼɾ˺Ҿ§СӨ壬ЩǸĶСӨ˵ţԲһûɣаɣϹѾܰˣС߳СӨһ죬ȻԶԶȲϸ׿ǸȻСӨϹģԲϹ˵ģţ֪ڰοңҲҰǸҵĴˣԺҪ;ȥҰ֣ĲƽϵģҰ㣬ŻԸҷǳϿҵضСӨ˵
ϹãСӨҲǳĸжȻͻȻ˵ϹϵĹֲѾһ룬ðһΣϵĹֲͻȫˣǺðţٺͰһ˾˷ܵضСӨ˵
ҡСӨ浱ȻٴƷ׿Ĵ󼦰ˣֲ˼˵
ţ˵һȥ棬һӦҪ˼ҳԺأͻȻСӨ˵
ʹȥɣСӨڶ˵
ţҵ˼ڼҰַչҺȥͿˣҴ˷ܵСӨ˵
ҲŲҪأСӨͨ죬ŵ
ţ𰡣ڼɣúøҰַչչðҰʣµһεȫˣǺǣ˷ܵضСӨ˵
Ҫ˼ҲҪһȥ棬˼ѾһûˣˣСӨͬĶ˵
˺ʧͻȻСӨţ֪ϵĹֲѾһ𣿡Ӧò֪ɣСӨͶ˵
ţǾͲҪ֣߰ɣСӨ˵
ϹΪʲôѽСӨҡ
ţҪð֪ϵĹֲˣǰԺͲˣǷչĻ᲻û𣿺ٺ٣ڨЦŶСӨ˵
ϹûŶСӨ˾ûİһ˵ʵҲµģҲŸ׵ģ벻ϹҲԼһȥˣٺ٣ΪǵķչֻϰˣЩεĶСӨ˵
ôıӣСӨ̾һ󣬾ͽЦŶ˵ţǱԶˣ˵˵°ɣţһڼɣȰҰϵĹֲȫˣԺҲÿΪҰֵˣʱҺضСӨ˵
ϹǸŮˣܲܽҹְɣСӨһ죬ɬɬĶ˵
ǽҰֹ㰡ڶСӨ˵ȻֶСӨ˵ţܿóҰϲģô֪СӨЩȵؿңȻңţҷϰֿ۹ⶼǲһģЩĶСӨ˵а˼ô֪أʵСӨ֪ϲģһ׿˵ģϻǲϡ
ţÿζͷĬĬڳԷȻ֪ϰֿ۹ˣǿϰֺöζ̰Ŀ͵͵ڿأʱĿлаأЩ˷ܵضСӨ˵
Ϲ˵ôðĿ⿴أ˵ʱ̰Ŀ⿴ңһЩأСӨЩɬɬĶ˵ǺǣⲻͶţͻȻи뷨ڼҪȥ֣ܻܲṴ㣬ûй㣬ǾˣĹ㣬˳ˮϰ־ˣͻȻСӨ˵
СӨ˾ҧ´ԥһֶӺɬɬͬˣϹ̽һ£Ǳô죿ҪǼûһȥ棬᲻߶ҵأţͷĺˣǱһ˵ģҲ֪ѽ軹ǱȽҵģЩĶСӨ˵
ǣ㣡ȶһأͺúõشȥˣСӨЩĶ˵
ѽţҲǵģĴҲ԰ǺǣҿЦƵĶСӨ˵
ҲŲأСӨһ̣쳣Ķ˵
ţÿĸǰŮӵģÿĸﶼŮرõģҲǲⰡǺǡ˵žЦǺǣŮãҲ˰ҲҪòأСӨ˾ͽЦŶ˵
ţҶ軹ð춼ԺˣǺǣҿЦƵĶСӨ˵
ͺúõԺʰɣҲ迪ĿģҰƢڼҲ˺öˣСӨʱҲض˵
ţ֪ģţĺˣ챣֤ҵĸÿĵģǺǣЦŶСӨ˵ţĳ˼һأͻŮ˿ģСӨҲ֪һڿҵĶ˵
ţ㵽һڿҰҺƵСӨ
ԼѵǵģСӨһۺȻûĶ˵ˣţܴܲԸһ·ϰֵĹ㣡ͻȻСӨ˵
ǲܹҺֵأѾ̹ôˣԺû׼ģСӨ˾ͻȻҵЩ
úúãҲǵ»𣿡СӨԾæСӨ˵
⻹࣬˯ɣСӨ˵꣬ŲŲǰ壬ȻҵĻҵһеҵĻֻĿһգһҪ˯ģȴһ˯ҲûУΪ֪СӨѾ͸׷һϵǷǳӵģеرĴ̼˷⣬ͬҲд⡭ڶѵر磬ΪҪĸȥ棬Ҫȥĸ߶
СӨ˯ҵĻ棬ֻһ֣廹ǳģȽȣ죬Ҳ˯ᣬҲľСĴϳҺûûоѵȻ´ȥϴ˳·׼ȥʱ򣬼ڴϵСӨӸϵı¶޳ȳƵİȣʱ뷨ŵߣСӨǲ泯ŷŵģҸ£¶ѩ׹⻬ĻԲһź۵ֱۣаϵĽؼıֻǵĴв¶ѩ׹⻬޳ȳȣҿ˶̲סʿˮˡ
ʱվڴǰǷǳŵģΪŶŵ֣ѸϵıȥֱĴȫ¶Ϊֹͣס
СӨǳģڱӱĴȸȼǺɫëҲԼɼΪˣҿҲģļҲĪ˼¡
ҶԼƲסԼæתŵ뿪˷䣬ҹֻŰţڳͣſڶ˵֣ȥĸҰȥһ죬;Ͳˣ˾ͺСӨһ԰ɣ϶ʱһϲȻæңôСӨһȥأŶСӨ˵Щȥˣ˵ȥҲͦ˵ģԾڼϢæԸ׽˵
Ŷ⡭СӨ˵öԣȥҲǒˣ׾Ͷ˵
ҷָ׿Ŀлκ˷ܣͶԸ˵ǰ֣ҾˣǵҪСӨԷ˯ģ˯ͷˣһرһҪСӨһ͸׳֪ͣˣǿϾˣȥɣæ˵ˣ֣ĸѾˣҾĶڳϳԵˣ֣ˣ˵žתſȥſھͻƤЬ򿪷˳ȥ



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С͵˼ӺһڳϣȻͿȥĸסСĸס·ϣҵﻹżСӨ͸ףŸ׻᲻ȥҵķ亰СӨͣȻ󿴵ڴϵСӨôģž˷ļҲ˷Ӧ
ˣҪǱĸƼҿɵ쳣鷳ˣҾȥżĸ׺СӨŽȥ飡Ҫһٶ๫һȥ棬Ǹǰոտķ羰Ϸ羰Ҳֳο͵Ļɳ̲ͺʣһοͶȥɳ̲ӾԺʵģӿĸסСȸĸϢѾ¥µˣȻᣬҾӳ߰˷ӺĸС
ĸһɫϥǲλȹ¶ź۵ֱۺѩױֱСȡ
Ƶȹĸزֻʷᒴ鷿״ȫֳ˵һ쾫µͺ糤ȥ൱ʵģĸ򿪺ŵʱ򣬾㶣ȻңӨӨأŶ裬СӨӰأԾͲһȥˣæĸ˵
δĸ˵ѾںС͸˵ƽк̫ˣ̫ˣ첻ȥֿԳֿͣȥֳˣԺʣˣĸϳλϣСͷ˵
裬ȥƵԺʰɣҼĸѾ˳ڣǰ濪߶ĸ˵
ĸ㶣ȻͶ˵ƵǺ棬̫Զˣ裬ϸ٣ٿһСʱĳٶֹȥҲܷİûȥأһ¶֣ں̲ҲܿĵģҺЦŶĸ˵
ððְ֣Ҫ֣Ҫȥ̲棡δĸ˵Сָ˵Сֶ˵Ȼתĸ˵ţȥ֣ȥ̲òãúúãǾȥ棡֣ȥ̲棬ǺǣĸСͷЦǺǵĶ˵
ѽѽãС˵ضĸ˵
ҼôˣҲ¶Цݶĸ˵裬ư˵ģǺǣҪӨӨҲڣǾ͸ˣĸЩźĶ˵
ҲҪҾҪźͰְִҳȥ棡ҶûڣСС˵
ڵСӶرģҺСӨÿδʱСӨԲտ֮ʳƷҲߣ˵ѾܶˣҲ˷ѣÿֻҪֳ棬СӨֻһΣ˵̫˶СӲãŻϲһˣҺĸ˾ЦЦȻҾĸ裬Ӿ𣿡ȻˣǶʮûˣǺǣĸЦǺǵĶ˵
裬ǽȥƵȥӾˣұ߿΢Цĸ˵
ˣڶˣǶεأĸҲЦŶ˵
裬㿴ȥôᣬô˵ԼأǺǣЦŵĶĸ˵˵ûĻĸĺᣡϰ㿴ҵıŮôˣô˼Щһں̲ӾأǺǣĸ˵СͷȻЦǺ裬ں̲Ӿ˺ܶİŮٶأӾһµģֺЦŶĸ˵
˵ɣҪúÿϸҪоĳģĸܱ˵ЩˣҲЩɿˣȻҺúÿ
֪ĸÿҵĳϰԵҪҺúÿ죬˺ӦһȻͼעˣŹʮӺ󣬾˸٣ڸϿҾ͸Ӽעˣ滹һһأĸں治ʱĶС棬ԵúǿģڸϴſһСʱңͳ˸٣ȥƵֵͷȥֿʮң͵ͷԭɣȥƵرĶ࣬ǶǿģеרȥƵԺʵģеרȥ̲ӾģеҲǺȥֳģΪƵǸ͵ֳĶҲȽȫҰѳͣȻͺĸһ˳ֿڷȥ裬ȥƵûУҺĸֱǣֻСֱȿȥĸ
ոտҺͬȥһΣϵķ羰ǱȽģҲʵģĸ˵
ţҺСӨҲȥһΣʱ𻹶ûأǺǣЦŶĸ˵
ְ֣ҿִˣô󰡣СͻȻ˵غ̧ͷһǰǴˣϻдִͻ֣ѹС˵غҲǵһο󺣺ִ𣬺ÿ𣿡Ҿ
ÿÿд󺣣̫ˣС˵˵š
Һĸ˾໥һۣȻЦЦ˻֪ΪҺĸ޴źģƱƱΪС𻹲һ׸ߣƱģȻǸһʮ׳ĸţ˸̨ϣĶ־ͣڸ̨ߣСǵһοôĶ֣˵Ķ㵸
ҺĸǺĬĻһۣȻָЦЦ˶֣мλҺĸһ˫˵ģСĸĴϡ
ֻһʱ䣬ˣһ̶ĶִͿʼ뿪˸̨
ĸһֱ濴ӿȵĴ󺣺ʹֻĸʱĸСŴֻʹ󺣡
߰ӺСʹĸڴﶫܵģǿģĸΣգһֱ󱣻кüοͶΪСĸĺӣĺɰĸϴڹ԰һҲֻͣǶο΢΢һЦǲѷ쾫µеߺ죡һкö˶ɫɫĿ͵͵עĸϾĸĸŮǺٵģͻô쾫£б͸¶һŸ߹ʡ
ĸСܵЩˣϾǸʮŮˣͱСߣȻСҵ˵һᣬҶЩˣ⺢̫ˣǵĺƯֿɰĽҶû˵ҶһŮ˾ͶԷǳĽض˵
Ůŵһ˧Сӣ֪Ǹոս鲻õСڣǰСӨƵʱһű˵ĺӣСӨҲĽģǸսİɣĸͺ
ǰ㣬ǽ£׼ҪһأǵĺôɰҶĽˣһɰĺӣǸöðŮ˽ЦŶĸ˵
Сһô˧һôƯ϶һƯɰСģǺǣĸЦǺǵĶŮ˵
лл㣡Ů˸˵ضĸ˵
ĸﻹǸеܸ˵ģԼŮڶŮ˻ϼ꣬ԼŮˣԼ㣬쾫µЦݡ
ְ֣һҪͷ󺣿󴬣ʱСͻȻ˵
ʹȥɣĸæ˵
õġұ˵õģ裡ǺӲǱסû˵ΪϸҺĸֺ԰ʱĸѾ˵ˣİ˺αؽôĻԼĸͶСĬҺһˣԾͰӲסˣȻҾͰϱڵ£СͷķȥͻȻǸŮ˶ĸ˵Ļʹҹ˽Ų㣬ϹŮ˽ЦŶĸ˵
ǺǣĸЦҲĬˣ˺еĸĺÿɰʹȥͷˣͷܻΣգһֱŴ󺣣ֻ
ֻӣĸҲͷˣҰСϣҲһһԺڴͷأǺǣģҶĸЦЦ˵
裬쿪˰ɣҼͷֻҺĸ΢ЦŶ˵
ʲôأĸ˾ɻĿ⿴ʵ
ոǸСöˣӦÿĲŶ԰ǺǡҿЦƵĶĸ˵
ѽҪҲҶĸ˵߽ͨߵĶ˵ҵֱһ£ڴڵοǼأΪϹء
裬οͶڿأתһ۴ڣǰĺüοͶǣԾ͵Ķĸ˵
ĸû򴬲ڣΪ˵ĻԾ͸ӵɬˣͱ߰СҵĻб˹ȥ߶С˵ǵȥ󣡡ȻĸͱСȥˣҲһĸȥЩοרӵĿ⣬ԾڴͷվӺٻص˴ڣȻĸߵλ
ְְ֣֣ôûеѽĸ˫ϵС˾ң𣬿쵽ˣôڴﲻ𣿡ҺЦС𣡡ûֳأСض˵
ǺǣСĻҺĸҶǸ»СڶЦ𣬵ȻᵽˣҪʲôأҺЦ𣡡ְ֣˵ӾҪȥӾأСĺܴڳϺĸ˵ȥɳ̲Ӿڶǵס
ֱͷظűЦŶ˵úãǴᵽǾȥӾǺǣѽѽС˵غ
㿴쵽ˣǰǸȥĵطˣĸͻȻָŴС˵
СҲĸָķȥȻС˵ôСô氡˾ʹˣǻЩԶأǺǣĸЦŶš
СĻֶҺͶС̲סЦ
ŹʮӺ󣬶ڿƵͷˣοǶ׷ŵյĳڣҺĸҲλϣЩοȥȥҼοǶȥˣʹĸϰ˹Ȼͺĸһվյĳȥ
´ͷСҪߣҾͺĸֱǣСͷĳȥ
Ŀĺܺã̻ҲõĶ࣬͵̻οǶڼȥڳڴͣźܶƿʽĳγȥֳģȥɳ̲ģȥüͷ羰ĵط
ȥأĸ˾ҡ
ȥӾ𣿡Ҷĸ˵
ڲ˵أȥӾ𶳻ô죿ĸǵĶ˵
ȥأĸĻҲԣȻĸ
ɣǲǴ𣿾ȴȥֳˣȻȥԺʣԺ˾ʹȥɳ̲棬ңǾͻȥĸǸѧڣѽͰźˡ
ƽʱֻܹҲһϲͨģûţǰСӨʱСӨ˵ģĸôһ˵͸˵ضĸ˵裬СӨ棬ǾͰ˵ģȴȥֳɣǺǣţǾȥֳγɣĸ˵
ȻҾͱСĸһֳ򿪵γǰǾγ
ܿ죬ֻһʱ䣬γϾѾˣȻγֳȥ



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׼߳˴ţ϶ʱ͸¶һɻ;ϲı飬ӨΪʲôͿһȥ棿ǲǹڼģױվڳͣڰţԴӺӨϱ֮ºԼеϵĹֲҲתǰûԿˣ⼸ڲгˣҲżԸеŮˣԼûôĳ嶯ˣҲܿסԼǰһԸеŮˣȻͻʹ׸е֣СӨôƯ治ǲܵģѾСӨˣԴӵһСӨʼֱСӨϴŮܹϵѾ𽥵ĶСӨ˸飬ҲǳҲСӨԼһ룡СӨϾĶϱӿӣԼĹȻѾϵĹϵԼҲҶֵ̫ͻֻ氵ϲÿοСӨϴŵԼʯ׵ﶼƲסİԼŮˣǶϱʹҲҵǳĲСӨԼϱԼôֺ޳ܵ뷨أԼҲѾӨ׹ˣ˵ԼģӨǵûĬˣ˵ӨҲԼģǣӨҲ˵ˣԼȻ
ô˵ӨϲԼϵĶǾǺˣ⼸ڷʱԼҪҲԽԽˣӨÿζԼЩҪӨ浽ôأϢУԼ˵Ժ󻹿ԺԼչȥģԺԼŮܵ飬ſȥ棬ѵΪҲŹڼ𣿸ڳں˼ţ߰ˣ̧ͷ˿ǽϵӣֻߵӣӨϢĺ˯һǿߵʱԼüҪ;ȥӨͣ⿡ְʲôأ뻹ǰ˼Өķ䷽ȥ
ӨķſʱҲһ£ôǿŵأͲһʱɵˣҲһӼͨ죬ɿʣ٣ֻ۾ȴֱĶŷڴ˯ŵӨǰ忴
ֻСӨ泯ŷڴϣϺһӣıӱҸѼס¶覵ĻԲź۵ֱۣǰ̻¶ѩؼҲи¶棬¶۵鷿֮һ鹵ıֻĴȸŵ޳ȳƵѩ״ȺͱֱСȫ¶档
׼Ҳʼˣֻ۾̰ضСӨ¶忴ȻҲ˷ӦǲǰһӾθ׻ܿƵסΪһϵľҪСӨ︸ĻǻᱻԼ𣿸뵽æѷϣȻ뿪СӨķſڣȥɳϣʱ޷ƽģȻڴһֱŸղſһĻ
ͻȻǰĪǹԼСӨ¶𣿴ʱĸױղſ޵һĻǵûͷֻ뾡ԼƽԲһϾͷˣҲСӨˣ侲ĸ׾ܵĲȥŷڴϰСӨʹ򿪵עڵ档
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֣ΪʲôأСӨ˺ɻı鿴Ÿһ䡣
ӨΪֽرĸ˰ļ֤úȵأǺǣ׸˵ЦǺǶСӨ˵
֣ΪʲôرĸأСӨ֪Ϊʲôôˣǲʸף븸˵ԭɣӨѾֵܰϲˣܲ𣿺Ǻǣ쳣˵ضСӨ˵ʱĸ涼СӨԼŮˣֻСӨԼĶϱ˼˵ˣСӨ˲û˵ֻԽԽ죬ȴǺܸ˵ģҧ´ϴŲˣһɬɬģӨְѼˣѼĺúȣؽҪպû͵ϣڿŰôŵϣôѻպãͻȻضСӨ˵
СӨҲؿŸôŵϡ
ӨʵҲûҪѧģͻȻСӨ˵
֣ΪʲôѧԺԼҲôúȵļˣСӨ˾Ͳıʱ߶Ը˵
ӨʵԺȼõأֶģǺǣЦǺǵĶСӨ˵
֣ԺҪǲأԼСӨѿڶ˵˳ӨһֱߵġҲѿڶ˵˳
˵֪Լ˵ĻЩζˣʱͺ͸¶εı顣
СӨҲȻ֪׵ĻζˣʱҲһ죬ɬҧҧ´֪ôԸ˵ˣӨֵ֡˼˵ֻҪͿѰߣ־ͻһֱߵģղ׼СӨɬĶĬĬˣɣæ˵
֣֪ģҺͿôܻأСӨ˻ǴɬԸ˵
ŶˣӨ¸˿ûУͻȻСӨ
֣ûأСӨԸ˸ѣҲǸĻԣ¶Ը˵ʵ׿϶뷨ģ߻ܲԿκΣ뿪ңϼȥСӨŸף»ʱҲͻˣŶͺãͺã˲һȻ˵ضСӨ˵
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֣ǾͲÿˣСӨһ죬ִɬԸ˵
ΡӨ֡뱧㡭ͻȻµĶСӨ˵
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ΡӨڰֿԱ𣿡˷ܣЩɴĶСӨ˵
СӨﲻȫǲܵģҲΪɬˣȻͰת˹ȥ泯Ÿס
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ҲԽԽԽԽ˷ˣҲΪ˷ܶǵͨ죬ҲΪŶСӨ߿СӨѾԼˣʱɬ糺죬ŵķĿƲסąҲԽԽˡ
ҿŸ׻Ŀ⣬΢΢Ÿ׵ԽԽ



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׵СӨֻ߰˹ֵľˣΪŶŵֱʱСӨҲŵĶסˣͷȴӵǿҵš
׵оֱ۴СӨĺʱСӨͲҲһ£Ȼ͸е׵ظͼѹԼǰֻʷᒴ鷿ϡ
ʱ˵໥СӨȸ׵ĸӼЩ
Ÿоֱ۵ս˵ҲԽԽˣСӨеҪϢˣָеԼû̹زֻʷᒴ鷿Ȼ·һ֣Ǳ׽ʵظؼѹסǾйѸٵĴе鷿ɢȻ󴫱ȫÿ䣬ʹĻƲס
׵ĺԽԽȫСӨĲಱϣеԼظСӨزϵֻʵ鷿ѹĶ״
СӨеԽԽȼҲ˷Ӧ̲סź۵ֱ۲ڸ׵ĺϣͻȻСӨҵĲһ£ΪͻȻеԼС汻һӲĶסȻ֪ʲôˣʱľʹˣҪȥԼпܻ̲סģΪ֪ԼȼԽԽˣУ§ȥˣСӨаš
ͻȻ֪Ȼһƿ˸׵壬Ȼ糺ĶԸ˵֣Ѿˣٱȥˣ׵ͻȻСӨƿˣʱ㶣ȻæСӨ˵úãˣҲˣ׿֪ļԲȶ仰ȻСӨѾſˣԺеĻᣡԾ͵㵽ΪֹˣæӦСӨ
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СӨ̲סЦЦȻҲȥһЦ飡Ƶֳ棬ҰֻӿڴеرˬղСӨϢѾ͸ڳ§ˣʹҸеرοҹΪСӨ͸׵ķչʾ֭չˣȻеЩ⣬Ǳ̼˷ܸѹȥˡ
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СӨڿɳϣϹϢ󣬾͸ĺԼĹչȥˡ
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СӨҲʢһ㼦ȣվڲŵؿСӨ
֣úȣĻҪúأСӨһӼ󣬾͸˵ضԸ˵
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ֻһң׾͸СӨʢһ׷СӨĸǰӨ԰ɣЩСӨôԼҲǺøж˵ʵϹˣĻûôԼأÿζԼ÷պòˣٰѷʢϹԵģûѷʢԼԵģ֣Ҳ԰СӨҲЩĵĶԸ˵
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Өܲܡܲܡ˵ǲ˼˵
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Ө㲻˵𣿡ЩȵСӨ
һ¡ӨޱȵɬȻһ죬˵һ䡣
Ϊ뵽׵Ļ˵еģȰѹͷͿһԼѨϵˮٲԼѨУܱȸɰͰ͵ĲһЩҪٰѹͷŪʪ
õĺõģСӨĻԸ˵ּ⣬ΨģæӦţסѹͷʪѨΧֿʼĦţܰСӨѨΧһα׵ĹͷĦţ̲ܵס氵š
ԼĹͷʱ˿̾͵ôƯŮʿϱ۵ѨĦţԽԽе˷ܣȻҲ͸ӵļӲˣ֡ûУСӨѨΧ׵˶ͷĦţܵҪ˵ˣͽʸס
һأʵСӨѨΧѾôʪˣټִѨӿˮ׵ͷѾճʪˣСӨøŪѨԭɣùͷĦһСӨѨҲȡ̰ɣԲƭ˵һ㣡֣㡭ˡСӨ˵һԸ˵Ȼֻҧ´һˣ׵ĹͷһֱСӨѨΧĦţеСӨѨԽԽʪˣкüιͷѨˣǸ׻æѹͷŪ˳
ֹͷԶѨֱγĸоǵСӨǷǳܣͲùͷòֱӲԼԽԽ̵Ѩ棬ˮϵĴѨӿ˳֡ɡܲˡСӨ˵ĻȻеǳɬģҲʵûа취ˣΪѨĦѾ޿ˣټϹͷʱʱԼѨ棬Ȼ˳ֱǻ˸ĥģСӨŻ᲻֪ܵҪ׵ѾǷǳ̵ѨˣҪҲ˵ܰɬĻأõĺõģʵҲ̲סˣӲҲǷǳˣԾæӦţȻͰѹͷѨڡ֣㡭СӨͷѾԼѨڣ֪һθ϶˶ĹͷԼѨˣҲЩͱܵĴɬԸ˵
Ȼҧ´ȴŹͷĽ롣
Ÿװ˶ĹͷļСӨѨУеܽܽһƬ۵СҲżѨССӨʱ͸еѨЩʹΪ˶ĹͷѨŵķǳıͽüͷӲסһӨ𣿡׼Сüͷʹı飬ֹͣסٰȻ壬Ȼ͹ĵСӨ
еۣסģСӨǸˣҲǸǳǿˣڸ׵ǰʾġ
ҲһȻͰƨǰһ˶ĹͷֽһЩСӨѨŵķǳıҲеԼĹͷѨİסȻеǳĽ壬סĸоǷǳģСӨ֪Ů˵ѨɵģֻҪһأȴľˬͿˣѨ汻˶ĹͷŵʹӲӲĸסֻҪϵıȴԽԽʹ
׼СӨûпҲͲˣٰ˶ĹͷʹѨ涥˹ȥֻ硱һ˶ĹͷɵѨ档
ѽСӨ̲סغ˳ͬʱҲһȻϵıҲ𽥵ʧˡ
ӨڲȥˣҲǸ˵ضСӨ˵
СӨû˵֪ԼеޱɬˣԾͰһߡ
ȴƣֱСӨfѩ׵Ĵ̧ʹСչԼ࣬ȻֻϼưСӨfѩ״ȵڲ࣬Ĵȸ̶סҲʹСյĹԼࡣ
׵ҲСӨϹʱƣΪͨˣеķ޶ƵģСӨҲû˵ʲôֻϵıӸղŵʹתɬ֮ɫˡ
ʱĸ׹СӨȼ䣬ϼֻƷֱСӨfѩ״ȵڲ࣬ȿʼسСӨѨѾô˶ļͲٹһ˵ԭѾЩӦô˶ļˣ׵ȻеһʹǱϴҪõĶ࣬Ծҧ´ӲסһΪø׿дģ
˶СӨѨпʼйɵĳšСӨѨҲ𽥵ĿʼԽԽĲͳҲ֮ǰ˳ˣһˮˡ
ӺСӨеԼѨɸղŵʹ𽥵ر˶ԼϹļֱȫĲһ׵ĴÿεĲ룬˶ĹͷܶԼѨӹϣֱоֱˬҪˣҸ״׳İܰԼѨܵʺſĳ壬ĦˬͿмֱ޷ݵģģ̫ˬˣСӨԽԽˬкüζ̲ס뺰ˣǱӲǸסˣѨˮʼ˳ѾϱĽӴŪʪˣ󲿷ֵˮ˳ѨٵջϣȻֱԡϣֻһʱ䣬ԡѾʪһСƬˡ
׹СӨȼ䣬˫ֱַĵСӨfѩ״ȵڲ࣬ͣĒСƨɳţֻ۾ȴҲûпţǿСӨž¶ʹ֮ɫּһֻ۵ϣֻǴӺ淢һЩ΢֮
׼ЩƣСӨôдأѵԼٵ𣿵Ǹ׸֪СӨôģʵСӨѾ׵ĴٵǷǳˣϹԶ˺õģÿ˶ĹͷѨӹϣ׳ŰܳſⲻϵĦʺ⣬ǸеǰδеˬСӨΪʲôûзĽдֻСӨڸǰ˵ȴĺ뷢أǱӲסˣ̣˶СӨԽԽʪѨвͣسšģ̫ˣˣҪˣֶҵӹˣģôôˬأСӨҷԱ׵Ĵֻﰵš
еѨ汻ԽԽˣĺгϾĶϱڹǰ˵Ҫ˵İһֻСһֱԼϣÿ뷢סˡ
ΡӨױʹĒƨɳţ߿СӨ΢һ
СӨ˱ܵ۾ŸףȴһֱסģӨǲǰŪ㲻ĿСӨȻ֣ΪʲôôʣСӨЩȵķʸס
ǡôأЩεСӨ
֣ҡСӨɬĲ˼˵ˣӨǲˬ𣿡׼СӨ˵СӨٶҲ𽥵Ļ
ǣءСӨ¸ɬɬ˵˳
Ϊʲôأ϶ʱ͸¶ϲ֮ɫϵĵײ㻹Щģæ׷ȥ
ҡǡСӨͨ죬˵ֲ˼˵
Өڶˣ㻹ʲô˵𣿡׿˿СӨֿfѩ׵Ĵȣֿ˿ǵĽӴȻͶСӨ˵
СӨ˾͸ӵɬˣ߰һߣɬɬĵ˵һ䣺ҲϵԼ֮ɫʱʧˣæ˷ܵضСӨ˵ӨϴΰԺ֮к㶼أҡҲ֪ʱҲʧȥеİСӨ쳣ɬĶԸ˵
Ө㿴ǶˣͷſһЩ𣿡׶ŰСӨ˵ˡ
ţҾɣ㶯СӨȻ뺰ģһֱҲǺܵģԾͳŶԸ˵ͻȻеԼѨֿʼ֪Ѿֹͣ˳壬ͽи׶Ϊղŵӵַʵ̫ˣԲסɬԸ׿ڣҪסô˼ء
õĺõģϾͶϲæСӨ˵߾ͿʼѲѨе˶󼦰ͳ֮ѽСӨüͷһ壬Ͳ˳ȻҲޱȵοϲˣԺУǺģ׾Ϳʼƨɳֻ˶СӨʪѨвͣĽššѨٱСӨ̲סķ˵΢
СӨȻŶ˯£Ÿ׵ĳ壬زֻʷᒴ鷿ųšױͦƨɳţֻ۾̰ضСӨز鷿Ҳ˿ˮ
ΡӨһ鷿𣿡ɰͰ͵촽˵˳
ҪӨǾܾ˸ףΪʱǻǺѵģֻ㣬Щ§§͸ǷΧڣܷչһˣǾиˣСӨǲø鷿
ӨΪʲôǰ㲻𣿡ǷǳĲ⣡֣ҶӦ֪Ŷ԰СӨԸ˵Լе뷨ģԲԸ˵ҲǣԼôƯŮʿϱԸԼˣԼʲô֪ı⣿Ҳû˵ˣͰѾеĳϣʼʹĒСƨɺݺݵĳššʱСӨҲٰˣ׺ݺݵĳ˳
СӨź۵ֱһֱ࣬ÿα׵ĹͷѨӹʱƶץס
ϱĻҲĻˣΪСӨ˯£ģûֱ۲Ÿ׵壬Ҳûдһ¸׵壬ֲø鷿ҸҲ򵥵ƹȼ˶󻶰Ѩ׵ֻƳѩ׵⣬ҲûٴСӨһ£ĻҲ˼ټģԽСӨ֮ľԽ٣ֻҪ׿ĴͿԣѨб޴ԽԽԽԽСӨҲͣķ
׻ŬĸԼҵ˶ɿѨнˮҲϵر˳̵СӨ˫µԡѾʪһƬˣһһСӨеԽԽֿеۻһĳ̶ʱСӨͻﵽ߳ͻȻСӨ˷ܵĺˡġ̫ˡҪҪˡֿѾۻһĳ̶ˣҲϵ߳ıԵˣСӨŻͻȻ˷ܵĺ
ȻѾʮûвٹŮˣʮҲǳصģ֪СӨϾҪ߳ˣæٶʹĳʹСӨܴﵽˬĸ߳ˣˣˡġ̫ˡСӨ˷ܵĺֻһҵĲѾﵽ˽ĵһθ߳ȻʹڴڵĽزֻʷᒴ鷿ҲǲȵĽͣšҲֹͣ˳壬Ÿ߳СӨ죬ԵøӵĽ޶ˡ



ڶʮ СӨ쳣1
ҺĸСƿʽγƵҲֵĺ̲ﲻβӾֻҪ뺣̲ҪƱģҾƱƱȻͺĸС̲ϣֻ̲ȫο֮ͣοͶŻӾװŮĴ̻¶¶ӾװеʽģеʽģӦоУеĳֻһƽӾ̿㣡ְ۶ˣǺǣҺĸСһλλֻŰɫϴΣмһԲһѴɡסλá
ĸ߶˵ǰְҲ˳ĸĻ˵
ְ֣ҪСһȥӾСĸĴϣָź̲ЩɼҳŵĴСӾµĺǣ߶˵
úãְִʹȥӾЦŶС˵
ѽѽҪӾŶСС֣߸˵غš
ĸǴЦݣȻͽҴСȥ̲ӾԼ￴ͺã裬ոճͣӻأӾϢһȥӾɣһŰɫϴϺЦĸ˵
Զԣճ緹ϢһȥӾɣĸͻȻ˵
ʱһ˹ǳҪȵʲôҪǸոճ緹ģлл㣡ĸҲò˵
˼λ㣬λѵģοֻҪǵλϣҪһЩʲôģҪλþø˵ģ˵Ŷ֪ˣ͸ƿȪˮɣϴκСӨҲģ֪λõĹأĸٺͷȥԾæԷ˵
õģ˾뿪ˣⲻǿҪ𣿡ĸ˺󣬾ЩƵ˵
裬ʵλҲҪǮģˣǺǣЦŶĸ˵Ǻǣǿ⣡ĸҲЦǺǵĶ˵
ʱʽź̲ϵЩÿǣһ󣬾ͻȻЦƵĶĸ˵裬СӨɳ̲Ӿ֤ǵģǺǡ
˵ʲô˼ĸ˵ĻͲҡ
裬ϸЩӾµŮοǣһıСӨðǺǣЦŶĸ˵
ĸ˲˵˼ʱ쾫µһ죬ȻЦŶ˵˵ӨӨԣôҲϰЦأҰ裬˵ÿأϸ̲ϵЩŮοͣǸôõİʱҲЦǺضĸ˵
ĸﻹǺܹõģͱ̲ܵȥûһıԼõŮοأﻹЩĶ˵ͻϹ˵а趼ʮˣǺЩŮǱȰ裬㿴ȥĲأ˵첻кܶ˰ϳǡ˵һ룬ͻȻ⻰ĸĲʵģԾͣס˵ˣĸǸϽڣȻܴģȻҺû˵ĸҲܲµóˣʱ쾫ŵϾһ죬ȻϾ͸¶֮ɫתһ˵ԺЦˣ֪𣿡裬֪ˣԺ󲻿Цˣ𣿡Ҽĸ³û˵֣ʱҲĺܺԼôĸЦأͶεһЦ󣬾æϴˣǺǣûˣϢ˰СʱˣԴСȥӾˣĸεЦЦȻҪȥӾǺĪĸĸȻô˵ˣҲֻñվ߶ĸ˵裬Ӿ£ȴС𣡡ţõģǵðӾҲƯһģĸ˵֪ˣ裡ұ˵̲ϵӾ̵ȥӾµ̵꣬ȸСһǳƯСӾ£ȻָԼһƽӾ㣬Ǯ̲¼䣬ϵ·ѹˣȻʹϸոƽӾ̿㣬Ż¿߳˻¼䡣
ĸĸǰʱͰл·Ҹոλϡ
裬СӾ£㿴ƯҰСӾ±ߵݸĸ߶˵
ţƯСһƯģǺǣĸЦǺǵ˵
ţ˼һôƯӾ°СҲ˵ضĸ˵
ðϾ͸㻻ϣǺǣĸЦǺǵĶС˵
ѽѽƯӾºͿԺͰְȥӾˣСָ˵˵ȻͻȻĸţôһȥӾˣβˣְȥӾͺˣǺǣĸ߰Сϵ·ЦǺǵĶ˵
һֱڱϿĵӣҲ¶˿ĵЦݣĸСӾ»ϺҾͱСĸ˵裬һ￴ȥӾˣ֪һҪСˮĵطҪȥΣ֪𣿡ĸ˵
裬ǱгӾȦģҸСһǺǣæЦŶĸ˵
ţȫЩ͸СһɣĸҲĵض˵
ţ裬Ҵȥˣұ˵߱С̲ȥĸЦݵĿұСȥ̲
ҴСһСʱ󣬲Żصĸߣεÿ𣿡ĸǻˣЦ𣡡ģСĵĶĸ˵һ䡣
裬һҴȥ¼ϴһ¾ͻҶĸ˵
ˣҲˣһȥɣ·ã㱧ɣĸ˵߰ҵ·С·ȻǾ¼ǰ档
ĸҵ·ݸ˵ұСȥŮ¼䣡ţһֽӹĸݸҵ·һְݵĸĻȻĸСȥŮ¼䣬·ȥ¼䣡ǴӺ̲߳ʱѾǿˣȻγƵͷֻصʱͷٿصȰĸͻ˵סСſڣҾؼﻹĸȻżˣΪĸСӨ
裬ˣЩ˼Ķĸ˵
˵ˣ쿪ؼȥɣˣӨӨڼҵżˣĸ˵裬˵ܲ٣ܲپ͵㿴СӨҷϢˣǺǣұ߶ĸ˵ֻĸǰһ¡
ȥ㣬Ҳȥˣĸ˵žССſȥˡ
һصϺ󣬾Ī˷СӨ͸ڼҲ֪ûٽһķչأֻ㿪СӨ΢һϹôڶûлأҺͰڵؼҳԷأϻعȥСӨ˵ţˣոհСͻȥϾͻؼˣСӨϻع˵ţ֪ˣ㿪㣡ҿ˺ҲСӨϢȥˣ˳ķȥ˼ѾǿˣϺһĲһڵĴζ˶ʳҸоĲԽԽóˣôѽ״ӳ߳˵
ұ͵͵עŸףܴܲϱ鷢һмֵߺЦŶԸ˵֣ȥԶƵˣԻЩŶһܺɣҲۻ˰ɣȳԷ׺г׵ЦŶ˵
ţӦһʸף֣СӨأڷɣ˵һ䡣
ŶȥԷұ˵ҷȥڰţ̸Ц磬ϸһ쳣ѵڼûٷչȥҽ뷿䣬СӨ뿿ڴϣֻڿţϾȻǰû֮ǰ͸˯˯㣬Ī˷ţһˣСӨֻ̫רע˵ԭҽ뷿֪
СӨҵתңȻ͸˵ض˵ϹţţɫôЩÿأҼСӨɫе԰ףûǰɫ͹ĵ
ûѽϹÿأǺǰһѽСӨһ£ȻͽЦŶ˵
Ŷţ´ԷȥɣҲû⣬Ӧһ˵
֪ˣȹȥ԰ɣϸͳȥСӨ˾Ͷ˵
ţôᴩ˯¿أҲûлӦĻͻȻѹ
Ǿ˯׻ǴѽҲʣǵģСӨһ죬Ķ˵
Ǻǣ˾ڨЦ˼ǣϹʲô˼СӨڨЦ˼̧ͷңȻžңǺǣû˼ЦǺǵĶ˵
񾭣СӨû˵˾󣬾ʹӴӴվʱǷǳģһеСӣţôˣҵȻܿóˣֹĵŶûʲôˣ˫е飡СӨһ죬æҽ˵
ŶԺҪôã˾ͶСӨ˵
ţ֪ϹȥԷɣ͹ȥСӨ߶˵ЩȥΪСӨˣ·Щ쳣ģҲͲΪȻ뿪˷䣬ȥ
ҼһѾڲ׵ˣϵ׷Ѿʢ÷ҺСӨרĲǰˡ
֣ˣұԼרλϣ߶Ը˵
డȥϰ׬ǮأˣıûУҪ˵ڽаȥũԣǳũɸɰֻڼЩ£ҲڣǺǣЦǺǵĶ˵
ҸеϵĻе࣬͸Ӷ϶СӨûзչˣҪ׿ʱ϶ЩڣҲκεģ֣㶼ʮСôܻȥũأҪʼ˰ǺǣҲЦǺǵĶԸ˵
ѽأ֪ϼҵˣ߰ˣڸũأǺǣЦǺǵĶ˵
֣ũˣ˵ʮʮͿʼˣҶԸ˵
ʱͼСӨ˹Ҽ·ƻе쳣æ˵СӨȻ鰡СӨ˶ʱһ죬Сϣߴɬ˵Уöأ׼Ͼһ۵ı飬Ǻܿʧˡ
ǸҪҰ԰ɣСӨǰ׷û֪һֱڵһԣЩ˼Ķ˵
԰ɣæ˵һͿʼˡ
ҲʼˣСӨĬĬͷţڲϳԷֲһˣҶСӨˣֱԺ˷СӨһ仰Ҳû˵뿪ʱ·ƻе쳣ҾˣҪˣӦúܿͻָģôˣСӨô·Щ쳣أƣߴվ׾Ϳʼʰ
ҲȥˣֱӾͻص˷䣬СӨѾڴˣͷֹţǰ˴ϣСӨţҿ·е쳣ȻѽţûˣϹллĹģСӨ˵
ţҹӦõ㼸ʱôˣǺǣҸоСӨ˵ҲЩ쳣ˣƽʱٶ˵ллĻģΪеΪһжӦõģСӨҲеԼղ˵Ļ󣬶ʱͺһ£



ڶʮһ СӨ쳣2
ѽ㻹ϰˣԺ˼Ҷ㿴ˣСӨûİһ˵
ǺǣţܾеֵֹģЦǺǵĶСӨ˵
а㾡Ϲ˵СӨǾһ£Ȼһ죬װе㲻˵Ӷ˵
ţȥϴ裡Ҳ֪֮СӨе㲻ˣҲ͵㵽ΪֹͱߴӴվ߶СӨ˵
ţȥϴɣСӨض˵ȻͰǰ뿿ŵƽ£ҽϴֻһƽڿʹߣСӨ󱳳ҲڴϣҾţ㲻ϴ𣿡춼ڼңĺϴˣСӨ󱳳˵
ŶӦһϴˣСӨϴԵеţܵİǱŲһ㣬еƵģȻңϹô˯ˣŶеۣϴЩڶСӨ˵
СӨͻȻת˹泯ңǺұһľ룬ȻңϹǽÿô뵽ȥƵȥˣŶҪԺǶǵļͥôĶ࣬ԾԶٺõĺʣȥƵˣˣţĿɿˣһδ󺣣󴬣ɸˣһȥ̲ӾأֵãǺǣϹˣСӨҲǳĸˣţҲģʱ䶼ģҲѹ͸һˣԾСӨ˵
ϹʵҲ׵ģһֱǵСʱڼﻹϰֵСӨ˵
ɲ԰Ժͱ߶ˣúú˵˵һܸ˵ģǺǣҺЦŶСӨ˵
ôŮ˼߶͹ˣǻõ߶ɣ˵Ҳϲ߶أСӨ˾ͽЦŶ˵
ǺǣţȲ߶߶ĺòãұЦǺǵ˵߰СӨŲ˹ȥСӨԵЩţȻת˹ȥֺ󱳳ˣţզˣҵȻеٴε쳣ˣæ
ûأϹ㲻˵ЩǾ˯ɣСӨ󱳳Ҷ˵
ôô˯أţĻɣòã˵žͰŲ˹ȥȻҲͲСӨĺϡ
ҰСӨĺʱ͸еһ¡
ϹʲôѽСӨЩȻĶ˵
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칫ҵűƿ߽һʱСӨıһȵضˣǰģ



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֣㡭ôˣСӨ׵ˣǻǷǳ𾪵ǲŽԼ칫ҵľȻԼĹΡӨʵðˣûͬˡվڰ칫ҵҲٽСӨôȵԾͷǳεĶСӨ˵
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ŶҲæתѰ칫ҵŸˣȻתССӨСӨð칫ң㲻ְְɣ֣ôİСӨûлӦ׵ĻЩȵʸס
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ģ˵λüˣɵˣСӨֲܷȻ÷ǳԹԸ˵֣ϰĵλô˵أҲǰ˵һʲô°ΡӨ֪ðģԲ𰡣Ҳ֮ǰ㷢ϢĻߴ绰ģ㲻ð㣬ԡýˣ֪ˣ֣㣬ʲô°δȸ˵꣬СӨòͷĻȻֱ⣡Ө֪ûθڣԲͣԾ͡Ϊһ̶ˣױ˵̧еһůиСӨ
СӨղſǱðĳİ칫Ҹ𾪵ĸûע⵽ıůУôһ˵ֱܵؿһ̧ԼıůУʱҲ֪ö˵ʲôˣҲûˣ˼ôĵظԼͣȻЩжϻǴűԹĶԸ˵֣ɵǵλ̯ҲǺܶģôԶĸͣҲ鷳Өûθڻ᲻ԵģԾ࣬˻ȽⶾģֻЩֹۣʹЧСӨİ칫ǰ߰ѱůзڰ칫ϴ򿪸ӣ߶СӨ̶ͷ۵ĳ˹ЧСӨԽԽůˣû뵽Ǹϴ֣ȴôľϸ˵ûͷͷǵ˳˳ԼڼΪԼ̶࣬ԶĴӼ͵Լĵλİ칫ңղֺͱԹҲʧˣʹŸжŸ˵֣ллΪ̶࣬ǰ֣´ξͲʲôˣ㿴ҵλϰĵطһжҵ֣ҵ֣λͬ»ôҵİӨģֲ㶪ģͬҲʹʲôˣҶǰǿ͵ģ˵㶩ĿͣҲģǺǣ˵󣬾ȻΪԼĻԶЦǺ֣㵽ϷģСӨҲģΪԼôһ¹ۣõλ֪ͬϱͣǶ˶λˡ
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СӨҲǣͶԸ˵֣ǺðɣɳһᣬϾͳԣõģõģӨ԰ɣ־꣡϶ʱ͸¶ϲ֮ɫæ˵ضСӨ˵Ȼ칫ҵĻɳ
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СӨеرĺóԣûθڵҲʳͿʼȴһֱɳĬĬĿڳԼΪ̶̶࣬ľֹôĶׯţҲԽԽˣҲĪôƯĶϱȻԼԼƽ붼ܹϵСӨǸղűðĽֱ⸸ٵĸжȻȼʹûдڿĿյ壬ڳ̶ʱָеʹͿյûдڿˣʱֲɬͻȻԼҪȥʧҩͿȼʹĴϣԼòȥ򣬸ˡӨ⡭㡭СӨ˼ҪҪиװԼҩҩʱͼײ֪ʲôʱѾɳվԼİ칫ǰˣȻһҩݵԼǰ¶Լ˵
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ķ䣬ڴϣѣɫѿæǰ֣еôˣھȥҽԺ̧ҡҡҲҽԺҼѵ˵˵ˣæվߵĸ˵ӿ϶ҪסԺ۲ģʰһƷϾͰȥҽԺղŶʰˣͷأĸҲæ˵裬̫ˣھȥҽԺ裬æһѣұȥ˵žһֱͻĺϣȻĸҲææȻҾͺ󱳳ȥĸͷ忿ҵĺϡ
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Ұ⻬һ鲨ˣӺŷһοµźֱĸһ㣬һɹˮ籡ˮɽˮ㸸׵Ĵһ顣
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Ө㻹ǲðֿһ棬аôأ׻ǲĵĶСӨ˵
֣ڡҸĸҡġҵ𣿡СӨ˸׵Ļ󣬲ɬɬĶԸ˵
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׼̣㻹˵Ǹҹаٷ֮ʮéӹҲĵĶ˵
ϴ˵ûСʱļéӵģǺǣԵرĿģ׼̣һֱﻹ֪ɣڵϼһкܶéأ˵ϼҲéأǺǣЦǺǵĶڴϵ˵
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ЩСжȻСӨô˵ˣ뻹ǲˣΪСӨϾǸҷ΢ţ͸׵ọ̈̄ЩеģҪҲϴûֻỳҲˣҾ͹˵ԣȻȥϴϴСӨߣСӨԵر˳ڴϣ˵ͲҵĻ
ұְܵ˵§˻
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ڰѻҸ׵Ϻ󣬾æСӨ˵ǰҽ΢϶˵İֲ㣬̫ûˡϹҡ̾ˡСӨ˵ҧҧ´ΪʱСӨĺѽۻڵǹǿҵͳϹڵиûκηӦǻ˵ҪϹизӦˣҲǲԼģΪԴӺ͸׷ϵĹϵ֮ϹиܸԼˣţҾǿӲţҵ絶ʣ֪𣿡ҴʹɫСӨ˵
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ǡǻ˰ɣ͵û˵ɣҼСӨľģʱһСӨͻȻıƵģԾͲõ˵Ҿæջ˵ĻȻֿ˷ţͷһ£СӨϾҪ뿪ˣͻȻŽŵסҡ
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ţͷһٸİɣұ֤ǰģһ˵æţȻְѷŸĹϺ󣬲һ
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ܸĻû˯Һܿյ˸׵΢ţô°ǴһӲǺúõôһӾֱŤˣ߰⵽ô°ȻӸعϢԿóżģæ׻һ΢Źȥ֣ҲżʵҲûʲôµģΪһС¶ͻûˣϻ˹˵Ҫ̣ȢӨôƯŮʿӦҪ֪Ŷ԰˼ӨʲôͲǰ˵㣬뿪ҾĲˣ㻹ǿؼҰɣʲô²ܺú˵İҿ˸׸ҷϢҲЩжϾΪףӺͶϱֱŤʱ׶ʱֳػ͸ҲҶԥͻŸж׷һϢȥ֣֪ˣڶˣؼҵģˣ֣СӨǺܰӵģҺСŤˣ϶֪ģװֱ֪ŤͺˣǧҪСӨŶˣ֣ҽȥҽԺܶĹڰ칫ңҾͿʼˣҲٻҵϢˣҷϢϾ͸ֳЦݣ⾫ƾСӨȥҸףҲȥСӨģ˵СӨұűʼǱţŷűϵһ˲ʱҲŲһ£ģҲ̫˰ɣԼҪûǹǿҵ֣ɱԼҲԸ˵ϱ֮£Ϲô֧ԼһֱڹԼʹԼҲԺһЩʱСӨĪĸеҲϵķӦԭģΪϾҪԼĹϱ֮ˣִ̼˷ܵĸоʹľϵӦŻʹԼܣȼ˽̣֮ȻϹȥҳˣСӨǸеرĽźͲô˼ȥ׵ķ䰡ҪȥôԸ˵أСӨԽԽеɬҪͷˣڵԼֻҪһ̲ʲôҲûҲôĽźɬˣ뵽СӨ˴䣬ϴˮϵȣ



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Ө˭ôÿأŶӨɣվſ˵Ҳ±ݰɣ˵žҪСӨȥ
˲һ׻ûгңСӨװҺ˯ڷƵģʹҲ˲٣ŲȻǹҹСӨǽ뷿ٰŸˡ



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Ҷʱ˷Ҳ֪ʱĸ׵վڷлڴϵģֻܾǽĶԻȥֱˣΡӨ˯𣿡׻ЩĵСӨ
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ҸղСӨ͸׵Ĵ̼Ի缺˷ܵĲİѿϵƤ⿪ˣ֪İڿ缺Ӳи˳ס׶̫̼ˣͻȻִ˷ܵΡӨȫˣоôôʹ𣿡ҲûСӨش׵ĻҲ֪ʱСӨôˣҿʼСӨˣлԹСӨҪ̫ʹˣԶԸ˵ôŸأҪٰȼŪô찡㡭ɡСӨɬڴҵĶУҲһ˵СӨûµģҪҲҪĶˣ΢ĦҹǸ׼ʼĒƨɳˣֵһֶӺͻȻСӨӺ﷢Ƶ֪СӨղһֱӲŵģڿѨб׿ȻЩʪˣͬʱҲûʹˣЩУԾҲ̲סشӺ淢΢
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ΡӨ𣿡ҵĶͻȻִױߴŴ˷СӨ
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ǿ԰ɣԺ˾㷿ɣ˵ĻرĴ̶һ˹СӨƵģСӨƵģ֣֪ˣ˵žٶȰʣ׷ˣȻͳվȥ



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ҽ뷿䣬СӨڷ棬ſڵ洫ϴ֪СӨϴˣҾǰ򿪵ԾͿʼ
ҸոֻһͼСӨ˳ϴŵľǼ¶Ըе˯ȹСӨرϲ˯ȹ
ϹҲǵģҵ˵ĻϹ֪ҵʱжɬ𣿡СӨһɫëͷϲʪߴС˵ţֱϾˣͲһʶˣ˵ⲻҲǶ𣿺Ǻǣ˾ЦǺǵĶСӨ˵أ֪ҸղжҲǵģ˼ĻǸǲǺ۸һ˰СӨԸղŵ»ЩڻԹ˸׺ֱԹˣǺǣţôأ˰ɣô˵ǸǹİӦø˲Ŷأǲǰ˺ЦǺǵĶСӨ˵
СӨһ죬ܱ˵˻ʲôԭҲˣȻɬɬĶ˵˵ѽţòãױϾͣ˵ǸصصׯˣҲĨǵ˵ĹķʽЩ̫׵ǸϾĺܹأǺǣæЦŶСӨ˵СӨҵĻҲȷʵŸĹԼģҲֻԼģҲͲ˵ʲôˣͷϵʪɺҲϴˣȻֻ֪濴ЩʲôÿŮû¾ֻţŮҲϰԵģСӨÿֻʲôҶǲΪȻģΪֻҪпҲͻóֻŵģҴڵϹŵ࣬͹˵ԣȻȥϴ˸裬ͳϴСӨߣβ֪ʲôԭСӨûаǽתҵĻУǻЩСԭɣҲ£ΪĿǰ˯ҲֻһţͻȻСӨɬ˵ϹָղŸҷһϢҪҪ˶ʱͰ˹ȥæžȺ˷ܵСӨţ𣿿ҿʲôΪ֪׺ٷϢСӨģҪ˵ڼϾŵˣʹҸеֺ˷ܣô׸СӨϢʲô£ǡͻȻ뵽˸ôϢСӨСӨ˯˵ĻᣬҪСӨķȥɣǺпܵģΪǰϼһˣԽԽ˷СӨҰˣҲͰѱ󱳳ҵת˹Ȼڴϣתһң˷ܵؿûİһ˵ư˷ܵģǵģǺǣ˾εĶЦЦȻּɴţô˸㷢Ϣ˵ЩʲôԼɣСӨ˵ֻ߰յҵǰҿ
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ϹⲻǸ㿴˵زأСӨǴɬɬҵ˺ǳĸж͸СӨԸײϵĳˣҪղŸ׸ϢȫҵģСӨǸˣţôһµģ͸عȥ˵㻹û˯ô˵סе˷ܣȻСӨ˵
ʵСӨҲд뷨ģҵĻһ죬Ȼʹɬɬ˵һ䣺˼ҾͻعȥˣذɣҰأǺǣҰ뿪ЦƵĶСӨ˵뾡ʹ
СӨ˺ܻǸеɬΪҴҧҧ´ܿóҺСӨ꣬꣬ҵȻر˽СӨˣÿɬʱϲҧ´ҲǺܶŮɬʱıܵķӦȻ͸׵΢ڴ֣û˯СӨϢȥ˺Ҿͺţ˵ô˻㣬ʲôأ˼֪ѽСӨûİһ˵ҲѷԽԽߺˣţ˵׻᲻Ϊ˯ˣ͵͵ķȥˡţҰҶװŵӶСĶСӨ˵ˣǻû˵꣬;һʹȻʹ
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СӨæֻһֻ׻عϢдţӨǿ˯ûУСӨֻʱҲֻҲϢ
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ҿɾҪ㸸ŶɱԴŶСӨ˺ͽЦŶ˵
Цҳʲôװ˻أи׸ɣǺǣæЦǺǶСӨ˵
СӨ˲ûٶ˵ʲôֻ׻һϢȥ֣ллˣ΢һ˶ῴСӨϢģȴĸ׻ῴСӨϢΪױϾǸʵׯˣԾСӨţȥܿ𣿡СӨ˾ûİһ˵
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Ϲͷһٸİɣ㸸״ĺأСӨ˾ͽЦŶ˵
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֪СӨΪɬתȥģ׶ֳɬɬģҸеر˷ܣҲ˷ܵЩʮӺͻȻ֡һ֪СӨյ΢ŵʾæ˵ţֿҹ㷢ϢˣʵСӨ󱳳ңֻһ΢ŵʾͼڵһʱ㿪˸׸΢ţӨּҹˣ԰ɣСӨڵһʱ俴΢ţҵĺȻʹӴ
Ҽ˾ͱܵľĿߺ죬΢ЦŶ˵ţȥɣšСӨɬɬӦһ˴
ҿСӨϴŷۺɫ¶˯ȹ¶źİۺ׹⻬ĻԲ򣬳˯ȹ¶޳ȳֲʧfѩ״ȼֱİСȣҲɵñСӨô˵İ¶Ϲ˼ҿûСӨҴųԵһ죬Ȼ쳣ߵĶ˵
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ŶӨԡԲ𡭡СӨĻ󣬲ŴӾ޺ͳ˹ܸеԼղʧ̬Ƶһ죬쳣εĶСӨ˵
СӨһ죬ȻʹɬԸ˵֣ڲϰɣ㡭Ҫû¾ȻطȥɣҳԺԼϴġΡӨ˯ˣð԰ɣ𣿡СӨ㻰㶣ȻðСӨͰ͵˵
СӨҲǸеĲ̣ô˻𴲸ԼԣˣԼȴҪطȥԼôӲԾ͵˵֣Ȱڲϰһֱţô԰Ŷ˲æеڲϣȻͶСӨ˵СӨ԰ɣ־ˡСӨ˲û˵ԽԽ죬Ȼڲǰϣʼĳ
ҲģСӨ˵֪ҲĬˣʱϾһϲСӨʼˣæӨζզó𣿡ţζܺأܺóԣСӨҲ뱡ӣԾͿڶ˵
óԾͺãǶԵ㣬ﻹأǺǣվСӨæЦŶ˵ֻ۾ȴӸµĶСӨزϵֻʷᒴؿ񶼿ҪСӨ֮˵鹵ȥˣ֣ҹܶԵģҳһ뼺ˣԼ˰ɣСӨеվҲֻ࣬۾϶ڶԼؿڿΪܴӺ游׼ٵĺоܸоõģԸеرɬͬʱҲߺˣѸ׸򷢿ԲôԸ˵
ǡǰ־ȥѹʢ԰ɡײ֪ǹ⻹⣬˵رߣôСӨȻö׵ĻʱһȣûлӦ׵Ļֻɬ֮ɫĬĬͷǶôСӨӦһ仰ģֻһšҲеģǵ˺һᣬǲСӨӦĻҲ֪ȤתȥֻһͼŰһˣȻڲǰʼСӨȴǺҵģСӨƽʱһĬĬԾûһСӨΡӨôô˯أСӨһĪǸǻԼƭ˵˯ˣ֪ԼƭģǶ˶ˣôԼģ϶ΪԼҲǺģŻƭ˵˯ˣദ
תһ룬Ӧǲܵģ׿ʶģԾͶԸ˵֣ۣԾô˯ˣŶӨÿô˯𣿡״ŵӵСӨ
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СӨһеԽԽֱˣʱҲɬһ죬ʵ֣ϵģҷϢʲôأΡӨûб˼ֻǰһ̫µˣԡԾ뷢Ϣء״˷ܵæСӨ˵
֣ĵԽԽˣѵ㲻±֪СӨŻ˵
ΡӨֵȻ°֪ˣ㷢Ϣһ㣬ÿΰֻ㷢Ϣʱ򣬰־±֪԰ֶ֪ضٴˣΪ±֪Զҷ㡭СӨŻĻҲͶ˵ﻰͣһºֽ¶СӨΡӨ԰ֲ֪һ㶼Ǽ˯ģҲиҲôĵˡСӨ˸ϲĻȻĪЩжԼţȻôԼðűֵķոԼϢԼȻֺ֪Լôһ˹ԼҲǸеůůģϹûôĹԼǸ׾ͲһˣȴǳϸģʲôСϸڣõģʹСӨеرůģǸŮ˲뱻˹أСӨҲ⣡֣ллĹģСӨĴмԸ˵ΡӨֹӦõ־֪ÿһ㶼Ǽ˯ģӨܸܲ߰أЩĶСӨ˵
֣˯Ҳû׼ģʱһĹ˾ͻ˯ģʱҲ˯ģҲû취㰡СӨƭףҪƭ˵ÿʱ˯ģǸ׾ͻʱθԼϢˣû׼ԼݵҪ󣬵ʱû˯ԼԼ鷳Ҳʵˣ˺϶ʱ͸¶һʧ֮ɫȻͷСӨһ֪״ʱһʧѹģ׶ԼĹģڴϷǳŬԼ㣬ҲĲ̣Ȼɬɬĵ˵֣û˯ҲԸҷϢءӨ𣿡СӨĻ󣬱ʧѹ˲ʱͱþϲ쳣ϲСӨ
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ƣҲûκԹԵĻŬţһСӨеοֻҪССݣͻԵرĿġ



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׺ܿͳԺȻϼƷĨĨ͵ˣСӨ˶ʱһüͷʲôãղ񣬻رϸģڴҲܼԼ̫ˣ˵ģ븸ũ壬Сϰˣ˵ɽ׸ı˵ҲûõģԼСŮ˵ɣ֪ҪүүκӣǸײÿζСӨҲûпڱԹףø˻εģʱСӨ̧ͷһ۸ףԵĶԼؿʱɬһ죬æת˻ȻɬɬñԹ˵֣ǿأΡӨ֡£СӨĻûа۾СӨزƿСĶ˵
ţʰɣСӨѿǻеȥȥ󣬾ڶԸ˵
ΡӨ㡭Ϊʲôðأڿ˳
ΪＺ˺ܾãһֱ벻׵ģΪʲôСӨڻʱԼһأǰԼҲһֱ׳ŵ˳
СӨһôͻԼأҲûʱԸ׽ˣΪڷԼأԾͶԸ˵֣ôˣҳ˾ͻطˣԺٸɣǡǺðɣҲǿСӨˣһҪ󣺡ΡӨܲð֡ðĴȰৡһ£СӨʱǺˣȻʹɬԹ˵֣զ°ֲûǵģΡӨ㲻֪رϲĴȣ֪ĴжƯ𣿾ðһҲİζĴءʱĸ׷ǳĶСӨ˵֣ѵϲҵ𣿱Ķϲ𣿡СӨȻеܸˣԼĴԼȻˣǴӸ׵Ŀ˵ּԼĴȣҲеϲģǸŮ˲ϲĻأСӨȻҲˣǸ˵ĻǸеܱŤѵ׾͵ϲԼĴ𣿱ĶϲСӨĪĸеʧҲѿڶʸˣʳԺȴָеܲ׵ʱʳĻ͸еǳĺӨϲֻҪϵģֶϲİ˶ʱ쳣˷ܵĴżСӨ˵
ΪʲôҵĴ˵أСӨ˺󣬶ƲסԼˣѿڶʸףӨΪĴȿðֲ׼һ£԰־֣͡˵ˣδȸ˵ûСӨæֹ˵ȥˣҪ֪˵ʲôԼɬĻأҲ˸ΪʲôôϲԼĴˣΡӨðһĴȺòððĿ⿴СӨ˵ڴͿ֮ɫСӨô˼ӦҪأֻͷĬĬǾµԽԽߺҲСӨɬģּûпھܾ֪ĬˣŮ˱ϾߵģԼȻˣϾҲһˣ˾ҪЩģԾæλվСӨߵĿλðڿλôʱ׾Ȼһƨȥ֡ʲôСӨһʱ;Ȼſֻŵʸס
ΡӨֻһĴȶŰױ˷ܴŲŵСӨ˵߰һֻϼħצ쵽棬ȻʹСӨһfѩ׵Ĵϡ
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ţ׸ʲôóԵҹˣǺǣװЦݵֲղߺͻŻŵ쳣̬
ŶأϹСӨûа˵ҵĻУǺ󱳳Ҷ˵
Ŷζһܺðɣôã̽ԵĶ˵
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ҲرľȣΪСӨôԸг˯ȹȥҪ˵֣κһ˶СӨɫĵģ֪ṇ̀ǰֵ׶СӨʲôԾͶСӨһЦţ㴩ϵԸе˯ȹȥҪ˵Ұ֣ҼҲɫĵģǺǣᣡСӨһ죬ûһ󣬾ͽ¶˵ϹҿԺõʱ̲סˣҪ˼ҡ˼ҵĴȡ˵СӨеܺˣҲΪúܵˡ
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տʼȻˣǺСӨɬľȻˣҰˣǲǣæ
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ֻԶ̼ϿСӨ̬Ī˷ΪһǵһۿСӨ͸ױһģƽʱСӨҵģԴʱҲŸСӨĿҲԽԽҲסˡ
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СӨ˲û˵ֻǾ׵ԽԽΪŶٵţҲòˣΪزֻеķf鷿׵ظѹסģѸٵķֱֻ鷿ϴȫÿ䣬ȻʹͲСӨ͵͵ҧҧ´סˣֻԽԽΡӨܱ𣿡״˷ܵСӨĶڼҲ֪СӨźİֱһֱ࣬ûκε춯Ҳ˸СӨ̧ס׵塣
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ΡӨ㣬ָеرĺأðٱһ𣿡һֱ۱СӨĺϣһֱ§СӨĺϣߴ̰СӨ˵
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һ֪̽СӨһСӨ϶ö׵ĻȫעĿżػСӨôԸ˵
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ڶʮ Ϭ
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ʱڼػϿСӨԽԽ죬ɬ֮ɫΪҴһֱҧ´ܿóǶôɬˣҿ׵Ҳ²ĵʱҲּ˷ܵģΪҴӸ׵ļٺҲóģʱֻװǳССӨĸǰֻΪͽŶŵƣСӨ¶ѩ׷fĴȥҲŽŵıס˺ҼСӨȴֻĿɬİһߣڣֻϼƷֱСӨ۹⻬ĴϣȻ˳ŴȥҿСӨɬ⣬üͷϵıǺίǺᷳΪڿƵģҿ׵ֻƼСӨĶȹˣҲ֪׵ֻڶȹʲôȴͻȻ״ŲŵСӨ˵ΡӨƨ̧һ¡˲ŻȻ򣬲֪СӨɳϣڿ㵱Ȼᱻƨѹסˣƨ̧һ£ûа취ģСӨ˾ɬɬİֻ۵֧ɳϣȻͰƨɸ̧æȹڵڿѵ۵ĴˣСӨڿ㱻۵Ĵϣ缺ɬͨˣȻæƨɳϣʱСӨһǷǳɬģҼ˷ܵȫ̲סĲһ£еĴĪӿͷҵӰȴԼҿɳϣڿ㱻Լĸѵѩ׵ĴϡҶȥˣΪеĸֿʼѱСӨ۴ϵڿץסСӨ̧ȵ£ڰڿȻСӨ׵סˣҼ֪强ǳˣΪСӨ˯ȹôĶ̣ɳϵģ׽强ȫ¶ڸ׵۱ӵˣҼʱСӨߺ죬̫ɬԭɣһֱһߣأȻ棬Ҹоõʱֻ۾һ̰ضСӨ¶ǰȼ俴Ϊ׵ĺԽԽ˵侳ˣҲǺˣΡӨֱŪ𣿡ͻȻ״˷ܵСӨ
ֲ֣ûŪҸأСӨɬɬĶԸ˵
ΡӨֵ˼˵˵ֱӲȥ𣿡µСӨ
㻹СӨʸס
ΡӨǸͷ˵Ů֮ǰҪҪǰϷġµĶСӨ˵
ţСӨ׸˵˼˵ѽֶ˼˵ء׾ȻҲ᲻˼ʹҸеرĺ棬׵ʲôŻҲأĺ֪֣˵ɡϬСӨҶĻ׳Ƶģ֪ôģ԰˵ģʹҸеĺ֣ѵϬһͨ𣿡Өǰ־˵ˣ˿ɲҪŶ״˷ܵСӨ˵
֣˵ɣҲģСӨִɬɬСӨ˵
СӨҲǺ֪׵Ҫ˵ʲôΡӨǡǰ־˵Ŷţ˵ɣСӨһ죬תɬؿŸ˵
Ǹͷ˵Ů֮ǰҪȺŮ˵飬ʹŮˮˣʪ˺ȥŮ˲Ųʹġµ˵˳
СӨ˺һαɬġৡһͨȴеر˷ܣﰵŸ׵ĻӻĒģҲ֪ԼСӨ˵أͷĻŻСӨ˵ģ븸׶ʮûкŮˣҲпǸͷ˵ģ˵ԺýŵĿ⿴СӨСӨ˵ĻƯͨȻɬİŤһߣǼûԭɣּɴΡӨֱӲ뻹ȵ飬ʪ˺ٲ룿㡭ô飿СӨͻȻʸףӨֻĲ֪أ״εСӨ˵
СӨ˺һȻʹʧʸףǸͷû˵𣿡˵˵ˣ˵кöֵķ԰ֶ֪˵ˡеΪѵСӨ˵
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ǡӨ͡ͲǰϷ𣿡СӨɬɬĻ󣬶ʱʹʧСӨ
ˣСӨ˵һһ죬ͰŤ࣡ҼСӨôľܾ˸ףȻЩʧǸеرοСӨǶԸģΡӨ㲻𣿡׻ЩĵСӨ
㡭㲻𣿡СӨ˸׵Ļ󣬾ɬɬ˵һ䡣
ǡǺðɣֻͬˣȻֻϼưСӨfѩ׵ĴȸֿСӨһʱ͸ӵɬˣͬʱҲ͸¶֮ɫϾ׿˶ˣڼػϿǵ壬ΪǺ󱳳žͷģֻܸżֻװСӨȷֿ󣬾ͰȥȻƨǰһͣʱͼСӨüͷ
׽Ÿ׿ȻＺСӨȼѨˣҪҲͦһƨɵģСӨҲͻȻһüͷģͬʱҲ˷ҲһΪۿ׵ļͲСӨѨˣȻ׵סʲôҲûһǸеǳĴ̼



ڶʮ СӨ
Զ̼صֻͻȻּװƨǰһͼСӨ߽üͷߺһ˵֣㣬ءţԲ𣬰֪ˣæСӨ˵Ȼ˵һ䣺ǰϷͲôˣСӨ˾;Ŀ˸һۣȻһ죬ְߣܴӸ׵иеڱԹСӨͬǰϷȻСӨôôܻأĿһ۸׾֪ڱԹˣʱ׵ֱ۷ֱ֧СӨɳϣ°벿СӨfѩ׵Ĵ֮䣬ʼĒݶʵƨɣ֪׼ڻȻڲСӨȼѨˣΪҴСӨüͷЩܵϱܸоĳҶʱҲĪľ˷̲סһֻֽ⿪ƤѼ͵иڿ˳Ȼסʼ׶ֻ۾߽ضֻϵԶ̼ػ棬ԼҿɳϵСӨ֮ĸף˶СӨҲѷ֣СӨźİֱ۲û̧ڸ׵˫ϻǸ׵ϣǴֻ࣬Ʒɳϣıɸղŵ𽥱ܣǲûзҼҧ´ֻӺͱǿз΢
ʹҸеοΪСӨҵģ벻ں͸׻Ļô»ô֣ҲΪˣ֪ҲΪֻһ˶Ըôı֣ĺܸммΪұŶԸ׵֣ڻʹת˼룬ʹĪСӨԸһЩһе̼˷ܣػеĸ˫ֽ֧СӨɳϣϸ£׵ֱҲûСӨϣҸе׻ǺŵԵģСӨɳЩԸСӨ֮䣬ͣĒƨŬĸԼҵأżӺ󣬸׵ĺҲ𽥵ر˼ٵشŴˣСӨҲӺͱ߳ĵ΢֮ʱСӨٽҧ´ˣ΢΢ͷ˵Ҳǵļסиͣ׶šֹһҼ̡ĳˣҹСӨѨԽԽʪˣŻǵĽӴ˵ĳ
˷ܵҲСӨԭǶһ˻ᶯģ벻ʱȻҲԸ˵ĶˣʹҸе˷Īйɴӿͷ߹ġšСӨ̲סʹҸӵĸе˷ܣͬʱָеΣΪ֪СӨǷθģڻʱһ֪ǰװģĿľڹңҸеΣΡӨ桭𣿡˫֧ɳϣΰСӨ֮䣬ŬĒƨɸţߴżٵĴСӨ
šء߹ġֱˡš̫ˡСӨ֪ǻӦףǱͻģҲԼ֪ˣӨܲܰٷֿһ㡭ͻȻִŴСӨ
ҼСӨûлӦ׵Ļȴһ£Ȼҧҧ´ߵİ޳ȳƵĴ۾ſСӨôһСʹҸеر˷ܣСӨȵſ˷ܵסиҲŷɿ׶˼£Ҫˣæֹͣ׶ھԼǧô˳һҪСӨ͸ºҪû˼飬ϷôвϴСӨ˵͸״ŴǽӴ̵ĳҲ֪˶ã״żٵĺСӨΡӨ̧ܲܰڰֵ䰡šӨǱײٺȷʵǷǳˬˣԾߵӦһΪ强ȫԸ׿ˣһûжԸ׿ţҼ׼СӨӦˣʲôҿܿæ֧ɳϵֻ˻Ȼֱ۰СӨѩ׵Ĵȸֱ̧߲ϣȻֱ۽رסСӨѩ׵ĴȣȽĹ̶߲ϡ
һСӨȼѨ͸ӵͻ˳׵Ҳ͸ӵĲ嵽ˣÿεĲ룬˶ĹͷСӨѨӹˣ߹ҪġӹˡšŸ׵ĳ壬СӨ˷ܵĺˣСӨ̲סĺ׶ʱͱǵȫѪٶҲӿȻСǸɾȴʮ㣬ֻоֱ۽ذСӨѩ׵Ĵȼ߲ϣͣĒƨʹسʱ̵ĳ͸ӵļСӨ˫ĿЩˣ͸¶ˬ֮ɫƽʱǸׯŵŮʿˣҼСӨʱײٵ¶֮ɫһǸеǳοģΪСӨЩʧȥǵ£ֻ۵ƻûһ¸׵壬ҲûһСӨҲ֪˶ãͻȻСӨ˷ܵĺġˡҪҪˬСӨĺ֪Ҫ߳ˣԾæٶʹͲ˼£СӨﵽˬĸ߳߹ˡˬġ̫ˡСӨ˵ĺֻȫһҵĳ鴤Ȼͷһ°ۣҹСӨﵽ߳ˣҿæֹͣ˳壬ƨʹǰ涥׽Ÿ׼ѹͷСӨѨˣСӨеˬ˷ܵĻ̲סĲһ£ҪˣҼ׼ˣСӨ͸׻û֮ǰǾģΪ֪׻ܸСӨڶεĸ߳һģƾæɿӲǸסˣʱҼػСӨ߳ͨ죬ʷᒴظٵţŸףҲ֪ʲôԭ򣬿ҵֵԭɣʱȻڱԹŸǲ̫ʵˣСӨ˵ľͲˣСӨǳɬ㶮˯˯ˣһô֣̫ʵˣŸ׵ʵʱȴһĻ˷ܵȫ̲סĲһ£׺֪ҸղڱԹƵģܱСӨزֻʷᒴ鷿յҲ̲סˣֻȻСӨľ棬ֻһ쵽СӨزϣֱץסֻʷf鷿Ϳʼʹ֣ﰡַſ߳СӨʱŵĶʧɫˣæкӨֲˣӰֲûҲǸ˰Ů²ӵģײ֪ĵߴŴСӨ˵߿ʼƨֽ˳
֡԰㲻ǴӦҵ𣿲İôء㡭СӨһֱڿţȴûϵ治ø鷿ץס鷿ŵǿҵķȴûô
ұͻȻĵٶҲǸһ£ȻĪ˷סƾͲֿʼ׶Ө֪ҲϲӵģǹɬŲðģԲԣʱĸ׾˸ƵģֻϼƸһ㱡˯ºֽסСӨزϵֻ鷿ʹͦƨʹسǡš֡Щϵĸɾλء֡ҡôԵ𿡿šᡭءСӨزֻе鷿׵˫ץסʹţټѨֱ׿ȻԾͱ߽ű߶Ը˵
СӨĻĸеοʱ˵ĻĺøжΡӨֲ֪˵㱻ˡֲһ⡭ʲôϵױʹĒƨɳţߴŴСӨ˵
СӨ֪Ǳ˵ˣǱ׿Ȼˬ˻ظ׵ĻֻƬԸе촽˵ڸ׵ֻڳСӨزϵֻ鷿СӨð޳Ĵ̧ڹڸСʵƨϡ
ҿԽԽ˷ҲİϵƷɿ׶
߹ġԡҵӹˡ߹߹߹̫ˬˡǼе˫鱻׵˫ץסţСӨ׳ֲ׿ܼСӨΪ˫ˣ˷ܵʹĒƨɳţץס˫ʹšҼײûнһƲֱСӨ鷿СӨζԸ׵ݣԺ׽ҲԶˣԽԽ˷סҲ֪Ŀٵ׶ţҲ֪˶ãͻȻСӨ˷ܵĺ߹߹߹ˡҪˡӨҲҪˡ׿֪СӨ쵽߳ˣʱͱ˷ܵض˵߿ٵͦƨʹس˼¡
ڼػ￴ǴʱܣֻСӨ죬ˬ֮ɫͻȻ°ۣͬʱȫҵĲ˼£ҲŻҵĲ˼£Ȼֹͣ˳壡֪СӨһδﵽ˸߳䡭



ڶʮ СӨ̹Ȼ
ͻȻСӨһƿ׳壬Ȼץ𱻸ɳϵڿŪ÷ȥҹСӨ϶ǻطˣױƿ󣬾ɵɳǰһֺҲŸ׻عҲæץڿŪ÷ȥˣ϶ҲķˣæѼлԼķ䣬ǲСӨӰһϴɣԾְѼл䣡ȻСӨϵ·ȫѹˣֻȫվĲԡ棬ϴ裡͸ȾһҸֻһ߰׻ԡ治ͣػζţҾͰѼػл棬ҿ˿壬֪ղСӨﵽ߳ʱԼȻҲ˷ܵ˳ʱһƬǽ壬æӰ칫ϳֽǽ岻ɾ
߰˷ӺҾͼСӨ强һ׶˯¿㣬ȻߣϴҹСӨٳˣΪҼ˳ҲûжļˣԾ͹ֻϵԶ̼أʱϰ˵㣬ҾڵϹžŵʱյһСӨ΢ţϹûУҿһͶ빤У֪ŵˣҲһҪСӨϢʮؼңǾˣæСӨ˹ȥţϻؼҡ
СӨϻ˵ϹȾûУҪǺȾˣͱ𿪳ˣ⳵ؼң֪ҿСӨϢеůůģΪƽʱӦ꣬ٸҷϢģ̽ҵԾԾȻҶʮ֮ǰؼҵģҵǴûΥģСӨϢңȻеůůģͬʱҲЩ֣ǰɲҵģҺܿ뵽ôˣڼٴκ͸׷ϱ֮£öҵΣԲŻᷢҵϢˣûȥæʰһ¾뿪˰칫ңȻ󿪳صʮֻ߰˷ˣҲһ׵ķǹŵģҶ֪ϸ׺СӨºʱڴܲ˯ţûж룬æԼűߣķ϶͸ĵƹĵûйصģסŰһšȴ˿֪űСӨˣҲЩƣ͸ˣŸףôҪţܿ췿žͿˣСӨַڣҵһۿСӨʱ͸еһ죬дһֽźɬͬʱæܿңȻͶ˵ϹˣţţûʮɣǺǣ˵ž͹ЦǺΪ֪СӨҺ͸ٴηϵĹģʱﵱȻκͽŵģҾոһЩСӨתȥߴűԹ˵ϹҪҷ΢㣬ڻû׼СأǲǣţôأţϿһھƶûкأôܻᱧСأǺǣ֪СӨ̽ҵģҲϰˣЦǺǵĶ˵
СӨתǾµһգȻţ϶ʱչ¶Цݶ˵ţûоζֵñǺǣŵĻǸҲأ˵ǻЦǺǵ˵
ȥϴ裬˯ˣСӨ˵ϴȥ˺ͽϴ裬ٳڴϣղϴʱȴĪڰţСӨڼ͸£᲻˵أͻȻֺڴСӨ˵ͷĵһȴСӨңΪҼ˼أ֪һУСӨңһرĴ̼ϹڴϵʱСӨͺ˳İתҵĻţ˵ʲôұϰԵ§ס壬߲ǵʳʱҲ֪˸ΪСӨϺ͸׵»᲻˵ԾͲ֪û˳ȻСӨôʱ㶣ȻңϹʲô˼ղŲǺΪл˵أǺǣæЦǺǵĶ˵Ϲ˼ҸղʽĺأǰҲӺ𣿡СӨҡ
ľСӨʵ̫ˣҵĻвоõģҾЦǺǵĶ˵Ǻǣţ̫ˣѵҵĲʿ˵˵ɣСӨЦŶ˵
ȻҾµĶ˵šʵʵӦ꣬һֱأ㡭͸׵ڼСûзʲô°֮ôСӨ̽һСӨ׻᲻˵ʵԺʹŽŵı鿴СӨ׻ô˵ģҲҪģϹǺ˵Ժ͸׵£Ȩʵģ˵˵ӽԺҲǵˣŹһأѵ˵Ķ𣿡СӨҵĻ㶣Ȼһ죬ǴźָҵظϻԲȦߵĶ˵ţôܻأǺǣأأҲһСӨʵ̫ˣҸˣæŶ˵㻹ʣǵģСӨһۺ󣬾ûĶ˵
ҶʱͱСӨ˵ƿˣȴĵ˵һ䣺СӨһ̲סĽЦһȻңϹǲǾԼίأûУûУǻίأĵĵأǺǣæЦǺǵ˵
Ϲͱװˣ֪һ֪Ϻ㸸ڼﵽûзʲô£ǲǣСӨôȻܲ²ĵ뷨ˣţʵһСžŶģǺǣ쳣εĶСӨ˵
֪ͺãԺɱʲôң֪𣿡СӨ̧ͷĿһ˵˾Īľһ£Ϊһʱ뵽ڼ͵͵װأĸоæЦŶ˵ţ⻹˵𣿺Ǻǣ⻹࣬СӨ˺⣬ͽЦŶ˵
ҼСӨˣװŵСţҾ֪Ҹûзϵ˵СӨ˵ңԾæ䣺ţ㲻ÿ˵ҲУֻҪͷҡͷͿˣұ֤һˣȻҾͽŵؿСӨ
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ֻܱ첻˵ˣĸеί
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Щʹ֮ǰöˣ׶СӨ˵
ţհεأͲˣںúϢɣٺ˼ˣСӨɬԸ˵
˵ʲôס˵ˣȻͱ۾Ϣˣ
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СӨ˾Ϳʼ
Ҿ߿ף˯ˣɫҲÿˣҲǷĲС
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컹ҪϰģȻȥϢɣûµģһƿˮˣһẰСӨģ׼˾Ͷ˵
Ҳ֪СӨʱ˯ѵģһҹû˯ԭɣȻؼҲ˯ˣǶ˵һҹҲ˯ģСӨڻ˯ô˸׵ĻҲеģڸ׵ɫҲԽԽˣҲ̫ˣԾͶԸ˵һϸں󣬾뿪˲ȻͿص˼
ڼﴲϵʱ򣬿ǼЩָ˵ԭҲôĸˣĪĿʼҽԺСӨ͸ˣθΪ˶סԺȻСӨԸ̬Ⱦ˸Ƶģ᲻׾ԸأСӨˣ͸׻Щʲôأ뵽۾ʱһΪͻȻ뵽˼أѼļһҽԺ׵Ĳ氲װϣԼܿСӨ͸׵һ˵׻ҪҽԺסϰ˾أʱСӨҹŸףҲָǻᷢʲô£Ϊ׻ԴҲܻʲô£ֻһ𵹵׶ЩʲôĻ⣡
뵽ʱ˷Ҳ¶𴲺ڼһͷҽԺȥȻСӨ͸ײעʱ͵͵ڸ׵Ĳ



 ɫֹʹ
СӨڲɳ˯ţҲ֪˯ˣͻȻ׺ˣæɳﲻϹӰֻиһڲϣ¾ʸף֣أ
Ө˯İ㺰ѣ˯һ԰־Ȼȥˣ첻ǻҪϰȥӰϰ࣡ڲ϶СӨ˵
СӨæֻһʱһԼһȻ˯ʮˣæ̧ͷ˿ˮѾûˮˣʸף֣ˮʱõģ
һˣǰְ˴ͷĺаťûʿεģ׶СӨ˵
֣˼ҡҸղ˯ͷˡСӨЩ˼ĶԸ˵
Ө˼ӦǰֲŶԣְͲϾͳԺأܵ׷ǳĶСӨ˵
֣ǧ˵±չӦأСӨæԸ˵
ΡӨ֡ˡ׿ܱ˺ܾõˣʵ̲ס˲źСӨģʱΣȻµĶСӨ˵
Ŷ֪ˣСӨһ죬æɳȥҲ֪˸׸ղźԭˡ
ֻһСӨһ׵ĲߣȻڸϵıӣٺѸ׵Ĵʱֻ׿Ȼͱ¶ǰͷ˵ëȥģҲԵر˶Ŀ
Ҳ֪ʲôԭСӨһ׿˶ĶͻĪϵӦԾ͸еЩֻĿȻסƵģȻ˰︸
ӨּҪˣ㡭ܲܿ㡭׿ȷʵҪﲻסˣּСӨֻƯ۾忴ûаеԼ壬ԾεĴСӨ
ŶСӨ˲֪Լղˣʱһ죬æڶŸ׵иһְֻиУȻɬɬĵԸ˵֣ˡ
ʱСӨߺ죬һֻһ˵ļͣôǵһθֻأԵرĺͬʱҲеǳĺ档ǹ˺һȴûһĶԾͱܵתŸףѾͨ죬֣㲻ǼҪôأ
Өֿܲϰ㡭ַܲŰֵǶСӨĻεĶСӨ˵
СӨ˵һҲǺ⸸׵ģΪַǶģϰˣͻȻûַסͻˡ
ʱСӨһ죬Ȼҧҧ´Ͱһֻ˹ȥüָסͣȻæൽһȥ˼Ÿ
ͻȻеԼסİһĶȻСӨʱͽüͷסΪһɷǳŵζ˱Ƕ
Ǹı˺ܾˣ滩һҲ𽥵ֹͣסˡ
֣𣿡СӨɬɬʸס
ˣӨлл㣡׻ǴεСӨ˵
СӨ˲û˵תŸ׵壬ȻͰ˳ȥ
ңСӨʹ︸ϴӣϱӣͶԸ˵֣ˮҲûˣҲˣͰĵ˯һɣ
ţЩ˯ˣϰҹû˯ʱôõҲˣ˶еĺ˯ˣ˵ͱ۾
СӨ˾Ͱѱһº󣬾ֻصɳϰҹѾ˯ˣһ˯ҲûˣԾóֻҷ
ʮӺ󣬼״˾ȵĺ֪Ѿ˯ˣͳɳվ¹óֺڿ㣬óһۺɫ䳤˯£˯¿ҲǷǳıˣԴֱϽֵģȻͽϴѴص˯¿ˣ
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֪ˣллСŮСӨ̧ٻʿΪСŮ
СʿɬСһ죬ôƯĴŮԼΪСŮĸеܿģȻɬɬ뿪˲
СӨ˻ʿĻЩģһ׵˿ʹܲסô죿Ծͱܵת˿ڲϻ˯еĸףʱҲˣȻʹӹóӼı̵ɳϣ׼˯
Ҳ֪˯ˣСӨͻȻʹˣæɳȻߣʹ࣬һֻֽץסһֻڶϵ˿ڴﲻʱغţӴʹʹš
֡СӨһæһ
Өô°ֵ˿ͻȻͺʹˣ֮ǰǲʹİ캰ʿֿʹˡӴʹĶСӨ˵
ֹ֣ʹˣ˿ڻеʹģ㾡һ̰ɣҪֹʹ룬˿ڻѺõģСӨæԸ׽˵
Өֵ˿ĺʹŶ㻹Ǻʿٸִֹʹɣ֡ʹܲˡӴʹˡʹĶСӨ˵ʹͷ϶ð亹ˣ
СӨҲǾæתܳ˲ڻʿ̨˻ʿ
ʿһʹ࣬üͷȻ˵һ䣺Ӧòʹģ⵽ôأ
ʿҪҪҰٴֹʹ룿СӨվڻʿ
еģҽģҿɲ˽Ը˴ֹʹأһ̰ɣûµģʿ˵ž뿪˲
׼˾żĶСӨ˵Өǰôʹۣô찡
ʿûа취ˣһʲô취СӨﰵţȻͶԸ˵֣һ̰ɣ
Өֵ˿ĺʹأȷʵ̲סˣӴô찡ʹˡͨĺš
ڲʹ࣬ﻹͣغţСӨĶ֪ôǺˣóֻҹ࣬ô찡Զ֪ˣҲų
ΡӨͻȻСӨ֡
֡СӨæŸӦһ
Өֵ˿ĺʹַǳʹĶСӨ˵
֣ô찡㡭ʹ̲ס𣿡СӨʹ࣬ĲˣʹŽŵʸס
̲סˣӨֵи취ܻʹֵ˿ڽʹͻȻСӨ˵
֣ʲô취˵СӨһʱ쳣˵ʸס
Өֲ˼˵ִεСӨ˵
֣㶼ʹˣʲô˼İ˵СӨ˷ǳضԸ˵ֻҪŽˣ
ΡӨ˵ɲͬ⣬͵û˵ˣֵӡһʹСӨ˵
֣㵽˵ʲôֻҪܽ˿ڵʹʲôаСӨæԸ˵ΪŸʹ࣬СӨĺܣҪһֱԼǻᱻĥ
ΡӨ㡭ܲܰ·ˡðֿ塭־ͻעеˡҲ˿ڵʹˡµ˵˳
СӨ͡ৡһͨ׾Ȼô⣬ǻı˵˵ɫɲͣʵҲͬһ˹սڼ䣬ҽƶȱֹʹҩҽͻʿǿսʿʹӣӵŮҽͷѹϵ·ûֹʹҩսʿŮʿҲ׷ѹ·սʿǿЩѩ壬Ȼ˿ڵʹ
СӨϿģҲǼʵ飡벻һʵׯںȻҲ뵽취
СӨȻеǳɬǺð취ּʹӣðεĿ⿴ԼĿ͸¶Ͱ
СӨҧҧ´ŸΪ˾ܵˣ˿ôʹԼҪҲǻǸ˵Լ常ҲǿģСӨ뵽ĬĬתűߣְŸˣΪ˰ȫһϣȻߵĻصߣ
׼СӨ˷ţһߣ֪СӨѾӦҪˣʱϾ͸¶ϲȻЩ˿ϵʹˣ
СӨû˵ֻҪԽԽ죬Ȼҧҧ´󣬾ߵְ˯ϵťһһĽ⿪ˡ
СӨ⿪˯ȫťۣ˯ʱֻ۾ֱĶСӨͬʱѾе˿ϵʹˣ
ֻСӨһ⣬֬ļȫ¶ڸ׵Уϵļʤѩ⻬ϸ壬һй
СӨɬɬľĿһڲϵĸףϵʹ֮ɫѾת̰֮ɫʱһϲ׳ɫֹʹ⻹ЧģȻֺҧҧ´󣬾˯Ҳ
ʱֻ޳ȳƵĴȾͱ¶ڸ׵Уһˮɫ˿СڿҲȫչʾ
׵۾漴СӨתƵСӨϣɣرϲСӨѩȵģֻ۾Ҫˣ
СӨߣֻ۾̰ضԼ忴ҺԼѾ׿ٴˣҪͻᱻɬ޵ˣһ¸׵˿ڻʹʹģ뻹סˣȻѾԼסˣҲ˿ϵʹˣԼһʣֻø˿ϵʹ
֡͡𣿡СӨֻʣһֺһСڿˣ֬ļ޳ȳƵĴȶȫ¶ڲĿУ¶ڸ׵۾УеѾԼ˵İסˣҲ˿ϵʹˣȻϣϵΨһֺڿˣԾɬɬʸס
ΡӨ㡭㻹ȫѵɡѾ˵ҲŽˣ
СӨ˺ֻҪʹ˿ڵʹҲûʲôԼ鷿ȼ˽Ѿ׿ˣŸΪ˾ܵˣ뵽СӨְҲʱֻزֻʷᒴı鷿¶˳۵ֻ鷿Ķ⴦˵ĺֺɫͷ˵ֻᒴİ鷿СӨزγһķ羰ߣ
ֹʱ׵ֻ۾æˣ󻹽СӨǰֻ˵ķf鷿Ͽ



 ĸ߳
СӨΨһڿʱֻѩ׹⻬ƽ̹Сϣһںëͱ¶˳۵Ѩںڵë֣Ϊˣ
͹£ȫ֬ļûһ覴õļһ覵壡
ѾСӨ˵˿ϵʹˣֻֻ۾̰ĽСӨ¿Լ۾ٳһֻˣҪڲϣѾƵϣ߾׵§ڻˣ
ЩСӨѾȫվڲǰŵɬ֮ɫǼ׺Ѿ˿ϵʹˣҲǸеǳοԼøʹеԼѹ·ȫվڲǰֵõģҪʹĽкʹԼĶŵģ
ΡӨ̫ˡʿˮ̲ס˵˳
СӨû˵Լ壬ȻеǳɬﻹǸе˵ģҲ㹻˵ԼǶôˣͬʱҲеԺԼҲӵˣ
ͻȻСӨڲͿڸϵıϾȻ˴λڸ׵С棬СӨ˲ô£һ죬ĪĸеȼҲ˷Ӧ
ΡӨܡֿڶСӨ˵
֣㶼ڲˣôʵСӨ˾ɬɬĵԸ˵ͬʱҲеԼղһҪ£Լѹ·󣬿϶ʹ׿Ķģ¸ղԼûأ
Өֲǹģκ˭ô˵嶼ӲḬ̇ĶСӨ˵
ô찡ҪҾְŪСӨߵĶԸ˵
ǡ׾Ȼԥ
ôˣСӨʵ
ֲǲ֪Ūģε˵
СӨҲǣΪǰΪԼѾ۸ǲʹҲͿʼΪȻɬɬĵԸ˵֣Ҿûа취ˣ㡭㶼ֲܺ¡
Ө㻹ְŪһ°ɣҲʹ˿ϵʹ׿Ҳ뵽ԼСӨԼǾԲܵˣ
СӨ˾ͰǳƵ˴ߣȻƬ۵ξ˴ߵĵϣ¿׿ȻԼܲˣԾûаѸڸϱӸǰ˱棬ס׿Ȼʱ̲Ĳһ£Ϊƶʱ͸еȻӲȺȶȣ
ӨҪˣ֡ĸеܲ˼ȻСӨס׵ȻʱҲ˷ܵĲĲһ£
СӨû˵ȫһ˿ҵڸ׵ĲǰΪţĿľǰѸ׵עеԼΪȥ˿ϵʹ
ڸϵıӲͣ䶯ţΪСӨסڲͣ׶Ŷģ
ϵʹѾʧӰˣȡ֮˷ܺˬֻ۾ȴ̰ضСӨǰֻ۵ķᒴ鿴𶯣زϵֻ鷿ҲŲţΪˣ
Ҳ֪˶ãСӨѾػֻˣǼһļûУҲʼǲȥҲǰ취Լ۸˵ȥԼϵӦҲԽԽǿڶеԼѾЩƲסˣԾ̲סĶԸ˵֣Ͳ
ӨҲɾ䲻Ҫð㡭Ӻ𣿡ֻ۾̰ضСӨǰֻ۵鷿ߴ˷ܺ͵ӵСӨ˵
СӨһ죬Ȼҧҧ´ͰѰ۵һ̧һֻס׵ͷȥȻְƬ۵ƨڵϣø׵ƹزˣȴԽԽˡ
һ϶ʱӹһϲ֮ɫȻͼɴİһֻϼ쵽СӨزſָץסСӨزϵһֻ۵鷿Ϳʼ
׵סСӨ鷿ʱͼһüͷȻ͸е鷿øĵϼ̵ЩʹȴĪĸе˴̼ž;鷿ϴһУѸٵĴȫÿ䣬ʹԼԽԽ
СӨȴûһֱΪţΪ֪û׼һŪԼ鷿ͻᱻ˷ܵ˳ˣԼǲͣģ
ǹ˺һԼ鷿ĵϼ̵Ķˣ׻ûҪļ
ͬʱСӨҲеԼȫԽԽرȼ˽ֻ֮˺ҧѨʺƵġеѨĳˣСӨԼȴ֪ʱѾѨˮŪʪһƬ
ţܣô찡ʱСӨеѨ쳣̣ǵŸ׵棬ָѨֹˣ
׺СӨ鷿ˣҪǰŲת壬һֻҲѴСӨزϵһֻ鷿ˣûаСӨһֻ鷿ˣֻЩæµѣΪֻֻӲǰСӨֻ۵鷿ϵϼ̵Ķ
СӨɬܣԼȫڴǰĵϣ뱻ס׿˶󼦰ʹ׶ţԼزϵֻᒴ۵鷿׵һֻŰţ״ϼĻԼ۵鷿̵ĶһеʹģҲ̫˰ɣ
ԼȫĪȺѨ̵ĸоʹԼҪܲסˣ
֣СӨסɬȫµܸоɬĶԸ˵
Өðһ£û׼˷ܵľˡѾڲ˵ĸ׻ôݵҪ
СӨѨǴûø׵ģÿθѨСӨľܾˣСӨһξܾ׵ģȻͬˣʹ׸еرĸˣҪڲȫܶû׼˵ĶҪˣ
СӨ֮ԴӦøѨҲԭģһѨȷʵǷǳˣø׵ָҲֹõģǼΪ𻹲㶪ڲֵͬ飡˵ڸûѵʱԼ˵Ļ˵Ժ󲻻ٶԸôԼˣֻҪԼ;ܵСӨŻͬøѨˣ
ΡӨվһ𣿰ֹŰ׼СӨͬ⣬æѱСӨֻ鷿ŰŵֻƷСӨȼ䣬ȴôҲţɼˣʹżСӨվĽһ㣡
СӨ׵ħצԼȼʮֵľ룬빻ȴţּģȻ̲סЦһ£Ȼʹӵվ
СӨվʱ򣬾ͼֻ۾ضŵϿ
СӨҲͱܵĵͷһʱɬֻͨѾʪһƬ֪ⶼǴԼѨˮѵϸŪʪģ
СӨʱ͸еǳɬԸ˵֣
ŶǺǡ͸¶ϲı飬ȻЦһ
СӨ˾͸ӵɬЦ
ϾͱˣСӨѾվԼҲѾˣԾͼɴƾ̽СӨ֮䣡
׵ָСӨʱͼȫҵĲһ£ͬʱҲһ
׻ǵһСӨѨָսӴСӨʪѨʱҲ˷ܵĲһ£ָѨʱ͸еѨʪȣȻָѨʺϿ
š֡㣬СӨеѨ汻׵ָͷڵķԽԽˣˮֹסı˳˳ѩ״ȵڲ̲סԸ׽˵
Өȷֿһ㡭־ָֹֹ׼СӨ˫ֻ֮һ幫ֵķ϶ָѨеܽ壬ԾҪٷֿһЩ
СӨѨ̫ԭԾͱܵİȷֿһЩҲѾɬͨˣ
׵ָСӨѨпţͻȻѨ˲ͱÿָͿʼ޼ɵֳֿ
߹߹߹֡ŪҺܡ߹㡭СӨȼѨͻȻ׵ָһҵܵĺ
׸оСӨѨˮԽԽָֻ࣬ƶˮŪʪˣʹָԽԽʪѨ
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СӨĺ֪Ҫ߳ˣʱ˷ܵĸʹָ
߹߹߹ġˡˡˬСӨ˷ܵĺֻȫһҵĲһˮѨӿ˳Ȼ׵ָŪ˸߳ԼҲû뵽£
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֪Ѿ˸߳Ը˷ܵҲȫһӹͷһɾҺȫڸϵıϣһСӨסȻֱҲŪȫǾҺ
߳СӨ죬Ҳ벻ԼȻᱻ׵ָŪø߳ˣһôĿ죬ֻķӣʱеǳɬԼȼѾģ壬ڲҲѨˮŪʪˣʱɬİƴӱ˳Ȼͨľתܽ桭



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СӨȫܽſڵ䣬æţմ׸ղľҺֵͷ˿ʪȼ䣬۴ڲҲȫˮЩ˳ѩ׵Ĵڲʱɬͨ
ģôᱻ׵ָŪ߳أҲ̫˰ɣ
СӨȥˣæԼëϴдʪͿʼϴ
ʮӺСӨȫĴΪղŴҴܽ䣬·ڲߣ
׵۾Լ忴СӨͲһ죡Ȼæ¹ǰظڿ㣡Ȼ͵Ÿ׵洩Ϻڲ˯¿ҲϺ󣬲һ
ΡӨһֱڿСӨ洩ֺڿ㣬˯¿㴩Ϻ󣬲źһ
СӨûתֱȥֻһʱ䣬ʹ˫ֶһӣ׵ĲǰٰӷڵϣȻڸϵıӣʱüͷȻһ죬Ϊ׿һƬǽ壬ĿұıҲմһЩĭ֭ȻšëѸ׵ϴɾëѱϵİĭ֭Ҳɾ
֣˿ڻ𣿡СӨĬĬһкڿ˸һ䣡
ȡ֮ǰһЩˣллӨ״εСӨ˵
СӨ֪˵ллָʲôָԼղŵɫֹʹ˵ԼղŰϴɾҲȥôˣΪղűָŪ˸߳ĻеرĺԾҲٴ׵ĻѲĵһأȻͱɳϱ߶Ը˵һ䣺˯ɣ
׿Ҳ֪СӨĺҲû˵ֻ̾һ
СӨɳϣô˯أղŵɫֹʹ𱻸׵ָ㵽߳ԼȻ͸ͬ˯һ䣬ҲûĳΪԼһֱչ˵ģڲͬˣĵѾԼˣԼɳϣ׾ڲϣһκ͸˯һԽԽɬ
ŹʮӺϴ΢ĺ֪Ѿ˯ˣҲЩɬҲڲ֪ˡ
ڶϣ㲻ˣ۾ʱһʱ뵽ҽԺСӨ͸ףһҹôģҽԺ׵ĲװأǾʲô֪ˣҲϹ²ˣ뵽æ𴲣ϴͳ·̨ϣѲ̨ϵͷȡȻʹҴææ뿪˼ң
ҽԺٸСӨһͺסԺٽ븸׵Ĳ
ڴϣûСӨϴ·
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ҸշźͷʱСӨʹ˳æ˵ţղϴ·Ҹˣ
СӨҵʱһ죬ȻͶ˵Ϲզôˣôڼ˯һأ
ҽԺţô˯أԾˣоҲأˣţ˯ûϰ𣿡æ˵
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˵ɶأֻΪ˾ܵΪ˾±ҲӦҪҽԺչ˰ֵİСӨһ˵ĻȴǷǳͻݡ
ţţ˵ķǳеҵ˵ͷСӨ˵Ȼҹﶼûʲô°ɣ
ҵĻǴĹĸ׵ģСӨȴһȻָеɬΪҹ︸׵˿ʹԼɫֹʹķʽʹ˿ϵʹô˼أԾʹЩȻ˵ţûʲô¡
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˵ˣδ˵꣬СӨæֹ˵ȥ
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ҼҲûʲôҸе˷ܵ·ҲͿʼ
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׿ܱ˺ܾˣֱһֶӺ𽥵Ϣˡ
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֡Ǻ׳ʵ˰ɣСӨ̫ɬ˵ԭԾͺ󱳳Ÿ˵˳СӨͷߣܺĿϵı飬˸׵ĻϾԽԽ죬Ȼҧҧ´󣬾ɬɬ˵˳
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Ө˼ǰֳԺ㻹ֵģ϶ʱһϲȻСӨ
ҿҲŽСӨҪʲôҪʲôѵ˵һȸ׳ԺŸϹô죿ԴʱֲֽҵǸеرĴ̼˷ܵģҪСӨôҲʮԸľ͵ģ
֣ÿ첻ڼ𣿡СӨ˵˳
ǿҲڼﰡӨ־ܵһ𰡣ַСӨ˵Ļ
֣İɣÿҶѿߵģ˰ɣСӨ˵̫꣬ɬԭɣæתſȥȻӰʧڼػˡ
СӨ˵Ļּɬɬת뿪˲㶣ȻϾ͸¶ϲ֮ɫŷſںһӨ
СӨѾ߳˷䣬ȥȥˡ
˲һСӨԸ˵ĻҲʲôܣõģһÿһСȥһģСӨ͸еһĻᡣ
ʱһҲе⣬ЩʧУԭΪСӨȸ׳Ժ˽Ÿء
ʱҴӼػп׵ϱ쳣ľϲһת˷ܣٺֳָҸɫ
׵Ҹҵʹ࣬ҲʹģӦ˵ʹʹ̼ڰɣ
Ҽֻʣ¸һ˹ڲˣȻЩСӨôڲŸأǿϵı鲢µЩ˷ܺҸҲͰСӨͷ׵Ժȥˣ
ȻȫעͶ˹С
СӨʱȽϳŵϰ˵࣬ӰųֲС
Ҽ벡û߿һ¸ףֱ¹ǰȻ¹ţٴ¹óԼ¿һ˯¿㣬Ȼʧڼػˣҹǽſڱߵϴȥˣ
׺˯ˣΪСӨ·ʱڴһ㷴ӳҲûС
ʮӺֻСӨϴһɫ˿˯¿ڲУ˯Ƕģ¶źֱۣ˯ǳʽģ޳ȳƵȶܵס
Ҽ벡󣬾ʹ¹ﱧӷɳ̵šҹҪ˯ˣ
СӨɳ̵ñӺ󣬾ת˿ڲϵĸףǼ˯ˣתſȥֻһʱ䣬Ҿﴫ΢ϴ·
СӨϴ·󣬼׻˯ţɳϣóֻſʮңת˿ڲϻ˯ŵĸףȻҲˣ͹˲ĴƣֻŷſڵҹƣȻʹ˯ɳϡ
ҼЩʧѵСӨ͸׾ôƽƽĶȹ𣿿ӻģ
Ҿ͹˵ԣҲָСӨ͸׻Ҹеˣ
˴Ұѷĵƹˣǻĵֻڿżأֻڲ϶΢ĺˣСӨɳϣϸűӣҲ˯Ƶģҿ׺СӨͬһңĪЩС˷ܣǶôõĻᰡѵĻһ˯
Ӳŵʮһ࣬Щƣ۾һ۷ͷߵֻػϻǺ֮ǰһģһģҾҲŲȥˣҪǱܹϣκһҲ޷ѵģԾͲ֪˯ˣֻϵļؿҲǹˣ
ʱѾЩˣϰԵͷһֻ̽뿴ڼˣֻ֪ûԶػˣͬʱҲֻϵļһֱŵģѹֻѵľˣæת˿ͷϵӣѾˣ¾æ´ҴææϴţΪûȥҽԺףһҪȥҽԺһ¸׵ģ
ææϴϳ󣬾æ¿㣬Ȼѷڴͷֻץ㶵ٴӵϰu̷Żŵĳ˼š
ҽԺͲɾԾԼڵСһ¥һԼȽŵù͵ͣΪȥҽԺҲûʱ͵ȳˣ
˳ҾҽԺķȥﻹСӨ͸ҽԺĲѵûзʲôԼе⣬е̼˷֮еʧ



ʮһ ⾪ϲ
ͽ븸׵Ĳڲϻ˯ţҼ˯ĺΪ΢ĺ
СӨѾɳϵıʰˣ߳ҽ벡ڡ
ˣϹСӨ˾æ˵ҼеΣҲûŶ˵
һǿ˿ڴ˯ĸף͵ţզڻ˯أ
զ֪ǻ˯£ѷ֣СӨҵĻ϶ʱһ֮ɫһһɬ
Ŷţǰҹﶼûʲô°ɣСӨ
һһˣʲôأСӨ˵žתȥ
ҷСӨղź˵ʱһֱûۿҵģڹҵƵģҶ֪Ϊʲô
ţҸˣȳ˰ɣұ߸СӨ߶˵
ŶϹʲôͰСӨתŵͱߺЦҡ
ţϲԵأҽԺĲԾСģǺǣұ߰һ⽵ݸСӨЦŶ˵
Ŷ̫ˣϹҲˣǿ԰ɣСӨӹҵݸͣ߸˵ض˵
ȻСھɳϿʼұ߳ԱСӨţڵ绰ң˵ֽԳԶˣǰִ˳ʲô
ŶʻʿˣߵҽԺͻ͹ģڸտʼԣһȳЩϡĶҽԺᰴ͵ģĺˣСӨ˵
Ŷǿˣ˾ͶСӨ˵Ϊ֪Ѿߵˣ
СӨû˵Ƕڳţ
ҺܿͳԺˣСӨȴԵĺҿһ뻹ûгԣͶСӨ˵ţֶ˯ˣҲҲûʲô£컹ô磬뿪ȥҰ׶԰ȥÿ춼Ҳ۵ģ˵˾ź󣬶ûأ
ðϹܵȥɣͶ˵СӨ˸˵ض˵
ţˣţ˵žͿһڲϵĸף˯Ȼͷĵ뿪˲
֮Ҫȥȥ׶԰ҲԭģҴһ벡ͼСӨЩ쳣Ƕˣ̫˽СӨˣֻҪ΢е쳣ҶоģղңһЩҵĿƵģɵ֮һҼɬһЩ֮ɫɵ֮׵ڶ˯ôɵ֮Ϊ븸ҹ϶û˯ڲŻ˯ôСӨҹûʲô£СӨͺĶ˵ҾͻСӨ͸°ҹ϶ʲô£
ҽԺͣһͼɴóֻȻڳóֻ߲ڳ磡ΪҼֻ뿴ʱ˵Щʲô
ӺҾֻ˿ãֻܿͿˣʾֻаٷ֮ܿͿԣǱ߳ӦùõģȻҾ͵㿪˲ļأֻ׻˯СӨճҸ⽣ʰţ
ҿ˾ͰѳͣȻĸҵķȥһʱʱĿֻϵĻ棡ҺãĸҵСſʱеĸ׻˯УСӨѾҽԺڲĲͷŸ׵ĴͷϣûкѸף
զأұĸͻȻ˵һ
֪ʲôʱĸѾվڳ棬Ϊȫעڿֻеļأ֪ĸͻȻڳ⣡ҾæֻȻĸ˵裬ȥ׶԰ģǿϳɣ
ĸҲҪȥ׶԰߳СſھͼҵĳͣԾͱˡ
Ŷ̫ˣͲˣĸ߸˵˵ţߴ򿪺ű˽ȥ
ұ׶԰ķȥ߶ĸ˵裬ҺһҪˣҾͰһˣǺǣ
ǰô𿪳׶԰ûȥҽԺ㸸𣿡ĸ˵žҡ
裬ҸմҽԺأҰһֱ˯Ҳûʲô£ּô磬ÿҲ۵ģԾͿˣұ߿߶ĸ˵
ĺТ˳ԼҪϰ࣬ҪȥҽԺ㸸ףȥ׶԰ҲҪעŶĸ쳣ĵĶ˵
裬ûʲôģ⼸쵹СӨˣҹҽԺչҰ֣̤ʵҲû˯ĺأҷĵĶĸ˵
ţӨӨĹģĸ˾Ͷ˵
׶԰Ѿߵˣĸ³ͽҲõˣ˵ҪȥгЩ˴ؼң
ֻðѳ˾ķȥߴֻأ׻˯УԽԽɸҹ϶û˯Ҫô˯ôأƽʱǸˣܻ˯ôģ
СӨվڴߣЩǲӣ˿ͷϵͣת˿ڲ˯ĸף뺰Ѹף˯һᣬĺ
Ҳǵģôأұ߿ţٿֻϵļػʱСӨӰѾڲˣҹСӨŽ絽Ÿɴ࣡
ҵ˹˾İ칫ʱﻹǸһڲ˯СӨҲûлصСϸ˿ͷҽԺڲ͵ĸ׵ͣһܷϡһ
Ҵ򿪵ԣҵĹǺܴΪڼӰൽʮ㣬ѽЩˣԽȽɡ
ŹʮӺҼڲϸ׵䶯һ£֪׿Ѿˡ
ҲʱСӨͽ˲Ǽˣ͸¶ϲ֮ɫΪղһֱڵŸ˯ء
֣ˣڼػϼСӨǰʸס
ţӨˣתСӨʵ
֣˵ˣ˯СӨűԹԸ˵
ô˯˵ˣ˺кܾȡ
ô˯Ͷˣһ¸ԣСӨ˵ͷϵˮƿӺ͵һĿˮȻѼڿˮݣٰǱܷϡҲڿˮš
ǰ°ҹû˯ԭɣ׵仰ҵľӣСӨǸҸҹﶼûڸ˵°ҹû˯˵Ļǡǡ෴ģһģ
˭°ҹôأСӨ˾ûİһ۸˵
СӨ仰ʱͽź˷°ҹôڣСӨǸҸҹﶼûʲôôأ
Ө֡
֣˵ˣδȸ׿˵СӨæֹסˡ
ãֲ˵ˣӨǰֻҪллģ°ҹҪû㣬Ļģ״ŸмСӨ˵
֣ǽб˵զ˵أԼȰɣСӨ˾Ͱ˸һۣȻһܷܲϡߵݸױûĶ˵
ֽӹͰܷСӨȴѼˮóżǣ
ҸеСӨ͸°ҹ϶ʲôˣúĪ°ҹô˯أͻȻҵ۾һ϶ʱ͸¶ϲı飬ΪͻȻʱҼܻطż¼ģܴǰȫ¼뵽Ϳ˿ػ棬ױϡСӨΪǵļֻһʱ䣬׾ͳԺˣǸ׼ûгԶˣԳԵıȽϿ죡СӨ׳ԺˣͿʼʰˣ
ʱһСʿҽר˲Ƴϻźܶˮ֪Сʿ׼Һˣ
磬ҪˣСӨ͸ײܻʲôζҪԾ͹˼أȻڼùоܿ죬Ҿҵ츸ײļ¼ʱҵľ쳣˷ȻͰײļؼ¼˳ҾͰѲż¼ʱеʮһ㿪ʼš
ֻػиڲ˯ţһ΢ĺСӨɳϸű˯⻭ͿˣԾ͵ʱػϵʱһֱڷɿš
ŵ°ҹʱҼڲϸ׵䶯ż£ڿٶ̫ˣҾ͵ţֻ׵岻ʱ䶯ţһʱʱķ̾
ʱҼ˯ɳСӨҲ䶯һ£ȻŸ˯ѵʸ˵֣ôˣǲ岻
Өֺܡ״ʹ˵
֣ǲСӨ˸׵ĻҲǱһҼ߽ŵʸףƿϵıӾʹɳ
ĺܸеľϲΪ˯֮ǰΪСӨ͸׾ͻ˯ģû뵽°ҹȻˣԴʱҸеرľϲ˷ܡ
ʱҼСӨžźͽŵı׵Ĳǰʹ֮ɫʹŽ֣ôˣǲ
Ө֡ܰ׼СӨǰˣתʹĶ˵
֣ȥʿСӨҲһ˵ű߾תȥʿ
СӨתǰС־ͱϼƸסˣӨȥлʿûõġ
֣ң㵽ǶСӨ˾תʸס
Ө֡¡治ε˵˳
СӨ˱ܵ׵һʱ͵һֻıѾǴһ
ڼػҲ˸׸ϵıӣС¡һҶʱôˣСӨҸ׵ģȴе𺳣׿Ƕ̫˶ˣң˱Ҳһ쳣ģ
ʱֽŵؿżػеСӨ˸׿䱻˸񣬶ʱ͡ৡһͨ϶֪ǶˣҪҲһôˣ
֣֪ϵĹֲѾõĲˣզأСӨһʸס
ӨҲ֪⵽ô°׻εĶСӨ˵
֣϶ЩĶˣϲСӨĻȻűԹҿûһ飬ϴɬ֮ɫ
ΡӨ֡Ҳ˼İ˯ɳϣ֡־ͿƲס롭ˡ׺ǱСӨ˵ˣϸӵΣȻʹŵӵµ˵˳



ʮ ɰСӨ
СӨֵһȻûĶԸ˵ŰɣҪ˯ˣ
˵СӨͱת߰Ѹץסָ˦Ȼɳȥ
Ө㡱׼˾Ȼ֪ôСӨ˵ˣ
ҿڰţѵСӨĻôĵĲܸѵСӨԸ˵ھָø׾Ŷ˯˾
ģСӨ϶Ĳ˸ܵģҪҲӦ׽ʹģڰţǼػϵСӨȻصɳǰɳϣһӸס壡ҾͰ˼ˣѵĲ˸
ڲֿʼ̾Ҳͣ䶯š
ͻȻ˸׸˿ǲ̫ǿŲģͿʼ׵˿ڣҲĪĿʼСӨÿҽԺչ˸ѵĵҲ
ֿɳϵСӨҲ˯ţΪʱʱڷȥǱ׵İ̾ͲͣŲǵķң
֣Ͳô˯СӨ̲סؿ˵ˡ
Ө̲סĺܰ˱߰̾ĶСӨ˵ʹĶһ壬ͻȻʹһʹ
֣ôˣСӨ׵ʹʱһæɳ׾Ȼˣּ׵ֻƽס˿ڵλãʱŵæ׵ĲǰضԸ˵֣ѵ֪ǲԷôأ˿˰ɣȥţ
СӨ˵žְѸ׵ķ˹ȥøװڴϡ
Өĺܰ׵尺ź󣬾ʹĶСӨ˵
֣Ҫô찡СӨ˾Ĳ̵üͷʸס
ӨͰְɡתСӨ۾ȫǰͿ
֣㶼ڲˣôܰأСӨһ죬ɬԸ˵
ҿСӨɬɬģһϲеӦûкϷˣҲĪЩ˷
ӨҪְְɣĺӨˡʹذ˵
ֲ֣ǲ֪ǰﲻҶҲ䲻ġСӨֵԸ˵
ǾһκòãðĿ⿴СӨȻʹŵӵСӨ˵
֣˵ʲôأ㶼ˣôСӨ˾µ϶ʱ糺ȻͰ˸һ˵
Өûµģ־ڴϣ治û𣿡׶ʱʹ˷ܵ˵
СӨ˸׵ĻԽԽ죬ҧҧ´ת뿪˲Ȼſȥ
ҿղŻ˷ܵʱ͵ģСӨ϶ˣת뿪ģ
ͻȻָ׵ת򲡷ŵķ򣬶ȴ͸¶ϲ֮ɫҿ˶ЩˣСӨ뿪ˣ׵ô͸¶ϲ֮ɫأ
Һ֪ܿôˣΪҼСӨֻص˸׵ĲǰǸ׵һ仰˶ʱ̲סֿʼ˷Ҳ֪СӨղΪʲôͻȻת뿪ģ
Өѷŵˣ׼СӨصǰ˷ܵСӨ
СӨûлӦ׵ĻְѸڸϵıӸȻ˫ĿضŸֻһӵ忴һ󣬾ְѸ׵ĴӸѵϥϡ
ػеСӨǺ󱳳ҵģֻеѸ׵Ĵӣ׵塣ҲѾ˷ܵĲˣ˵СӨѾ˸׵飬Ը͸׻ˣ
Өлл㡱׼СӨĴӸһϲȻ˷ܺ͸мСӨ˵
СӨû׵ĻûƵģΪʱֻĿضŸѾ忴ֻ׿һڣ˶ĹͷȭͷС𣬳жʮ֣
СӨаһûκһŮǲϲ˶ģСӨȻҲˣƷȻüˣÿζȻζ
ʵСӨ͸ͬһңϵӦѾʼˣɳ˯ʱôܻ˯أֻԼ͸ףȻǷִ˯ģϾ˯һģСӨͻĪĺ˼ڲϵĸףǸȻʱ׿ڣ͸ӵȼ˽֮Ѿ̣ĳˣ
ڼػпʱСӨϱ飬ܸоСӨ˫ĿŸ׿˶󼦰Ϳ廹΢ڲš
ͻȻҼСӨֻ쵽˯ϣȻŸ׵˯ţҽŵɤӶᵽˣ
СӨ˯ѣֻһˮɫ˿ڿҲ¶˳޳ȳƵѩ״ȺֱСȡ
زûбСӨסܺ׵ϱ飬ֻľϲ˷֮ɫֻ۾̰ĽСӨֻͻһСڿ¶ѩ׵ĴȿҼ׵Ŀжðˣ
˷ܵĿʱ벻°ҹôһҸе޴̼˷֮£
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СӨڿѵƨɵһʱܼ̰ضԭԱ߾˸׵ϣߴɬ˵
׻æϵıӸȻǴ̰СӨ˵ӨֲûпðֿŰɣ˵󣬸׾ðͿСӨϣܵõͬ⡣
СӨ˾ɬҧҧ´ȻͰѵһڿʱͱѾˡҴӼػֻܿƬѩ׵κ޳ȳƵĴȣ׾ͿԿСӨˣҶʱ˷ܵĻĲһ£ΪŸ״ʱֻ̰۾СӨѩСһںë
Өֻ۾̰ضų忴̲ס˵˳
ҺͿҶûģҪ岻ܶҲŲġСӨѩ׵վڸײǰͨ죬ɬɬĵԸ˵
СӨôԸ˵ʱеĴ󷢣ǰǻʱÿСӨҪ棬ͬ⣬ֱڣûпҵһھȻҪڸ׵ˣҸеЩ޷ܣҵǸеرĴ̼СӨƵһθ˸ףңҷеر˷ܡ
Өֶ֪ôлˣð±ӸţɣСӨĻ󣬲֪ûдӦ滶أ¾͸мĶСӨ˵
αˣҪÿ֪Ǵ򷭴̳ӲɡСӨ˸׵Ļ󣬾ɬɬİһ۸˵
Өǲ֪ǱĸܡмĶСӨ˵ʱȴСӨֹסˣ֣˵ˣ
СӨ͸׵ĶԻеĴ̳ѾǴˣرСӨԸ˵Ǿ䡰αˣҪÿ֪Ǵ򷭴̳ӲɡʱҶеҵĶ絶ڸˣ
ӨﶼˮˡʱҼ˫ĿСӨ壬ָȼ˷뾪ȵ˵
СӨ˶ʱɬͨ죬Ҽƴѩ׵ĴȽĺ£סɬİ˸һ˵֣֪Ϲ˵Ǹ𣿱˵
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ͻȻСӨ˸׵ĲǴ˯£ȴǳģֻ󣬾ȿڸ࣬ȻĶȥȼö׼׿ĳڣ˶Ĺͷȼˡ
Ҷʱ˷ֽΪҼǸʵ̫˶ˣСӨô۵Ѩôܳܵأ
Өȥ𣿡ڽŵСӨʱ״˷ܵСӨ
㻹СӨڸ׵С棬̧ͷŸ˵һ䡣
ǰϷӨûб˼־۵ġ˵žæ͸СӨ
ˣ㶼ˮˡСӨ쳣ɬĶԸ˵
ʱҲǷǳŵģΪĺܵСӨ׵Ƕִ̫ˣСӨѨܳܵ𣿲תһ룬ҲٵˣΪСӨѨѾ׵ȻüˣһαѨ⣬ζģ
뵽оֻʣ´̼˷ˣǴ⻹еģϾСӨҵĽޣôŶԷȴһֱɴǿѹȥ
ʱֻСӨһס׿Ȼ׼ȼʪѨٰƬѩ׵ƨףæѼطŴ󣬾ܺĿ׿ȻҲļӨȼѨ֮У
šСӨ̲סĽһȻͼͣ׵˶ĹͷѾѨУǻʮֳİ¶档
׵϶ʱ͸¶ϲ֮ɫǰڴϸСӨĽֻ֮ԼĹͷһ塢ȡʪⶴУеǳ̧ͷСӨĽ֮ʱȴСӨӸڵסˣһСӨ˵֣Ͱű𶯣Ҳ
СӨ˵žͰѱӾڷڸ׵Ķϣͺñ͸׸һǽƵģǵȴǳһͱǽסˣ
ҿҲ̲סЦЦСӨ̫ɰˣ͸һˣôأ



ʮ ϵļ
ʱСӨҧ´ٰѩƨһѹ¶͸׽ӴһʮֵİȫѨС
ֻСӨüͷвһΪеѨ񱻸׵Ȼ͸ƵģеͷѾֽӹȥˣ
Ө𣿡һæĵ
ܲûеĹͷҵӹȥ𣿡СӨ߽üͷ߰һ۸˵
еˣеˣֵĹͷһӲȥˣǸеĺæСӨ˵
дĪӿͷΪʱСӨ͸׶ŹͷӹܣȴһҲ鲻ָˣҲֻи׺СӨܸܵõ
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֣ҾɡСӨ쳣ɬĵԸ˵
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СӨƽʱҲزϵֻ鷿еŵģԣӦ˵ԼϵÿλǺŵģԼĳ࣬ģɫǺŵģ
ȻҶСӨҲǸ޲һ覴õģСӨˣ嶼ģ
׵ȻӳСӨˣʱֻ۾ֱĶСӨزϵֻ˵ĴÿǶ˿ˮ
СӨֻĿⶢŸ׿Ĵˣ֪ſˮڿ壡ȻĿӸ׿ջʱ򣬾п˸̰ϵĿˮʱҲߵһ죬ȻԸ˵ֲ֣ûҵ壬ǣһ°ɣˡҲһ죬ȻæַĨĨ



ʮ ĸ߳
СӨ˶ʱüͷǸǳɾˣĨϵĿˮȻЩܲ˵ģ븸ױϾũˣƽʱϰˣ˵Ҳûõģ˵ɽ׸ıƣ׶ʮˣҪģҲǸĲˣ
׸֪СӨЩᷳ㣬ĨɾϵĿˮѿǿͶСӨЦЦٺ٣˼ָղЩʧ̬ˣ˭ôƯأСӨ˲û׵ĻֿʼְΨһڿ㡯
ʱСӨȫվڸ׵ĸǰˣѩ׹⻬С¡һ뷢ںë۵Ѩëʱʱ֣ȻʱѨѾǷĳˣܿѩ״ڲҲЩѨˮŪʪˣ
СӨƨҲǷǳԸеģֻƬԲεѩƨԴ̣˵Ļмƨɹ
ʱСӨѾȫһ˿ˣµ͸¶ߺ죬׼ϴȴͻȻ׺סˣӨȵȡСӨ˾תɻĿ⿴Ÿף֪Ϊʲôס
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ڼػп׵ĸɾʮ㣬Ĵףʮˣôãұʮ˻ҪǿϺüҲǸ׳ڸũԭɣ



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ʱּ׾ȻǰСӨѩ׹⻬ĺϣȻֻ쵽СӨزֱסֻزųͣŵѩ鷿Ϳʼ
ŲҪˬСӨزֻе鷿ͻȻ׵˫ָסţʱ͸еѸٵĴֻ鷿Ҵȫÿ䣬ˬ˷ܵ
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ҿƽһЩˣΪҺСӨõƣеĴҲʧ˺ܶࡣ
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СӨѨеˮҲʼϵر׵Ĵִ˳
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ŲҪСӨزֻе鷿ͻȻ׵Ƹסţʱͷ˷ܵĺΪĵϼ۵鷿̵ĸеǳĴ̼Ծ̲סغױʹĒƨɳţֻϼסСӨزϵֻ鷿ʹŶʱֻѨеˮԽԽ࣬һΰϱĽӴŪģˣëŪճһˣ
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Өֲٵ𣿡ױʹĒƨɳţߴżٵĺ˷ܵСӨ
źҵӹ˺ˬšСӨҲ֪Ӧ׵ĻǱҲֻ֪ˡڸ׵ĴֻСӨҲЩϰˣϾҲǸĲ˿ˣԼҲеر˷ܡ
ˡĳϵĴֻдҵĶУҲ˷ܵסǵĽ׶ţĻԼӴԺȾϰˣʱ䣬ѾöˣԺҪƲŶԣ
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СӨɬ§ĺ󾱣е̫ˣѨȴ׿˶ļ͸ķǳ
ʱҼСӨ˸׵ҪҵҲ˷ЩԴ׵ģΪҼػеСӨ͸ףСӨڴϣȽļڸ׵߲ϡȴ嶼ѹСӨѩϣСӨزϵֻѩױ鷿׵Ŷѹı״Ҹһֱ۽§СӨĺϣ˵һһƶһرڣһĶ޷ˣµ٣⻬Ҳ֪ʲôԭ򣬾Ȼһ𣬸еرĴ̼˷ܡ
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׾§סСӨһ˴ŶʮӺСӨͻȻ˷ܵĺ̫˰߹߹߹ҪҪ˰ͻȻСӨͿƲס̧źֱ۽Ĳڸ׵Ĳϣ⻹СӨһΰ̧ڸ׵Ĳϡ
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СӨ˾תæֹס˵Ļ֣˵ˣʵлҵģΪҲú㡱˵ת˷ţȻȫ߳˸׵ķ䡣
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ǰôˣ׼ȣҡ
֣ճԺôͽأˣСӨأ˵žʸס
ŶСӨ˵ܾûˣ˵ȥˣ˾æ˵
Ŷû˵Է𣿡˾ʸס
˵ͻؼҳԷģ׶˵
ŶӦÿɣұ˵Ūȥھ׵ķſʱҾͲͣΪ׵ķǿŵģҾĴһʱͷڸ״ϵĴͱѾһףڼ￴һˣ



ʮ СӨĸı
һص䣬ڷ˳СͳﰵŴСӨһʱǰһĬĬ𣿲ǲģСӨҽԺչ˸ʮˣ͸Ҳĵ˵ǻĻˡ
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ţţҲ°ˣСӨ˵ЬţóԼЬ
أ˵СӨȥ׶԰ģȻûԾСӨ
ŶҪ˵ȥżңԾͱӹȥˣֻ׶԰ſǵģСӨ߻Ь߶˵
СһԼļҲҪˣǺǣ˾ЦǺǵĶСӨ˵
ô٣ô֪ҲҵģСӨһ˵
ţôðأͻȻѹĶСӨ˵
ǰַҪģ˵ڒʵģҲû취СӨεĶ˵
Ǻǣ˾ЦЦ
ЦʲôСӨҵЦЩֵֹģ̧ͷʵ
ţֵʵźأǿԽȥչҵĻû˵ֱ꣬ϾͱСӨݺݵһ£ʱʧʹһ
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ôˣҵĺͱߴӳң
֣ûأǺǣæסֱʹЦŶԸ˵
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֣ؼңӻؼˣСӨæԸ˵
ŶǿԷɣ˾Ͷ˵
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˶һ£ԣСӨԸѾıˣȻĻԸ˵ˣ
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Ŷ͵СӨһ԰ɣҸղűʧ̬¶֮ɫȴеϲ˵СӨķչ˳
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СӨôԸ˵ͲתСӨ
СӨҿ֪Լղ˵û覴ãʱͺһ£Ȼɬĵͷ
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СӨҲʼĳ
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СӨҪʰ˵׸ճԺôҲʰǸ˵ڲǺһϱһʰ
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ͻȻСӨĸе׵ĴԼϣȻ֪ʲôˣУҵѾȫϹֻʣԼǸɾģԲԼˣԵ׵촽ӽԼʱ֪Ȼһƿ˸塣



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֣գҲʧͲжȹСӨܵףһһ
СӨŪÿȥֻСӨ˵΢ĽŲĻ䣬ֻ˵İӰͳڲˡʱѾסˣţ벻͵͵ԼڲˣһҲûʹ⣬ǾǼǳ̼顣
Өлл㣬лл㡭ֶ֪ôлˡȻǷǳģ˫ĿһֱСӨĻ¿û뿪ҲǣСӨֻһԸе˯ȹټħs͸ģСӨ¶ļôİ۹⻬Ҫ˵ǸףҼҲġ
֣˵ˣףտֻ֣СӨ׸ǰ΢죬һһ֮ɫֻƯĿһ۸ףȻĶԸ˵
лллллл˺ǼҶܿ׵۾жˮˣŸ쳣ĶСӨ˵Өֻʮ꣬ûйһգ컹ǵһףտ֣ǰϲˣĺüҲÿİ˵꣬׺۾еˮڵ
˵ǰϲˡʱҿСӨϱ֮ǰˣ
֣ôأСӨҲǱ׵ĻжҲǳʱ׵ļ飬Ϊ׶ʮˣûйһգһףտ֣ôܲݺأҪ˵վڸ׸ǰСӨڼػпǷǳжˣʱĺ뵱Ÿ׵棬˼˵һ䡰տ֡ĻҺСӨԸ˵ˣҵҲ԰Щ
Ө̫˲ģֲޣָˡСӨĻϼƲϵˮ߼ĶСӨ˵
֣ĵԽԽˣҹҷϢҪǱ֪ˣô찡ײϵˮСӨʹűԹԸ˵
ӨԲּӦֹգʵ̫ˣһҹûۣҹ̫ˣ̲סĸ㷢ϢҪ͵͵ڲ
֣˵ˣǼҲˣҲףտˣҪطˣҿ͵͵ģҪǱ֪ˣǾ鷳ˣδȸ˵꣬СӨֹסĻ˵
ǵĶԻ֪ǸװҹϢСӨģҪСӨ͵͵ڲģڽ⿪ˣʹҵҲתʣµֻд̼˷ˣСӨԸ˵Ҫطˣ˺ЩʧѵСӨôľ͵͵ͶԸ˵տ֡𣿲ģӦòֻô򵥵ģСӨҪϻط䣬Ǹ׻طֱڸһͷûг׵ԸӦòʹ˴סģʱǶôϣܶСӨһЩֵҪĺ뿴СӨ᲻Ӧ
ΡӨŻط䰡ǰֵգҲʮһιգ㡭ܲܡ
Ȼϣ״µСӨ˵ҶʱҲ˾ͬʱҲʼ˷ֻ۾ҲĿתĽֻϵļػ濴
֣˵ʲôСӨ˸׵Ļһ죬Ȼʹʸס
СӨǸŮˣСӨѾ׸׵˼ˣ֪ʣҪ׿ڶ˵˵СӨѾ׼ˣҲʹҸӵ˷
Ө㡭ܲðֱһ¡׵쳣ĵӣһְ
СӨ˲û˵ֻԽԽˣžϸƯ͸¶֮ɫ
أȵ˻ҪţҰͲСӨܴӦ׵Ҫ
Өòð׼СӨû˵ҲûֱӾܾӹһϲȻװſСӨ
СӨǺߵģһֱҧ´ԥУȻıˣ
˵Щ鵱ԣ壬׺СӨһһڼػǿģһｹİţСӨӦӦ
ǡǺðɡԥһСӨſ˵ˡ
СӨĻø׾ϲ֣ͬʱҲ־ϲ˷ҵҲ˷ܵƲסļΪСӨϼǰģҪøױס̫˸е̼ˣ
׼СӨͬˣ϶ʱ͸¶ϲ˷֮ɫſֱۣ߼ֵĶСӨ˵Өлл㣬лл㡭
ǵ׵˫ۿҪСӨĽʱСӨȴͻȻһ㿪˸ӵ
һ˶סˣɻעСӨȫʺš
֣գҿ㱧һµģ²ΪŶСӨߺĵԸ˵
õģõģлл㣬ӨֻҪܱסǰƯϱͺãԸæӦ
СӨ˸׵Ļ󣬾ԭأİֻĿϡ
ʱҿ˵ֵ˷ܣһֻһֻҲ쵽ϣſסѾӲʹ˼¡
ػеĸҲ쳣˷ܺͼΪſֱ۶Ųܿó
СӨȻѾֻĿˣҲѷʱҲǷǳźģΪѾͨ죬ʱǰڼٵţҲڼ٣
ڣ׵СоֱһһµıСӨĺϣֱ۱СӨ¶֬ĺϼϣֱ۸ŵ˯ȹ§СӨϣСӨزֻʱķҲڸ׽ʵϡ
ҿ˷ܵĶҪϢˣΪҾ̫̼ˣһʮСͷӱһĸò绨ٸ׻СӨͷϡ
׵ĺҲԽԽΪźСӨʱ鷿ļѹһ𣬵ȻҲСӨٵˣ
šͻȻСӨ﷢
Ө̫Ưˣֺϲ㡭׵ֱ۱߽§СӨĺ󱳣߰ʹСӨǰĶ˷ܵĶ˵
֣Ķϱ㲻ϲҵģԺ˵ע㡭СӨ˸׵ĻʱͨȻ˵ˣɲĬĬģҪøΪĬˣǻ˼ĻԱס棡
ڰţСӨ͸׷üŮϵˣԸ˵ĻȷʵЩװ
аţ׶СӨ˵ӨǶз֮ʵˡ
ҡСӨ׵Ļ˵ˣǰԼ嶼üˣ˵ϲԼ
СӨԼ˵Զˣ׵϶ʱһϲȻֻƵĶ˵Өǰֵգðһº𣿡
УСӨ˶ʱͷǳľܾˣ
ӨˣҲڰֽյķϣðһ°ɣòã׻ǿధţ§СӨϵֱҲʼʵֻƴСӨ֬ĺ󱳼Ͽʼĸţ§ϵҲƶȻϼķСӨϸ˯ȹ
֣ĲԵģҵӶѾˣŸɾ͸ɣ֣أˡš
СӨĻﻹǺܸмģŮزˣСӨңҲΪˡ˵ģҪϲøǣҲǲģһеرĴ̼
Өĺһء˵žͰǺӵĳʹСӨƬԸеĽۺ촽ϣ׼ǿģ
֣ԵİСӨ˶ʱŵˣֹף߰һ߲ȥܿ״ĳ͡
Ө׼СӨ죬ĿСӨ
֣ĲаСӨǺܼĶԸ˵
̾һȻΪĵӣˡ
˵һεı飬һĺʧ
СӨˣʱͽһüͷҲͬ飬Ÿһ˹¿ũ壬ûһˣŸΪ˾ԼСŮŸÿڵΪԼŸ׸Լϵ޵㣬Ÿ׸ԼʯŸƽʱԼģŽǸ׵գԼôһҪҪܾ
СӨ뵽һȻҧҧ´ºܴľƵģʹԸ˵֣һº𣿡
һʱϲ⣬˵жˣҪǴʱ˿§СӨĽ˵ˡ
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֣ǴδӦ»ᷴڵģСӨʸס
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ǾٱһɣСӨƽʱֺãҲøѹԾ̾һ˵
׼СӨˣҲԽԽˣôϼƸСӨ¶ѩ׺󱳼һֻƾȻ޼ɵʹš
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֣ˣſҰɣ㱧ôŪʹˣСӨסϵܸоüͷԸ˵
ӨԲ𣬶ԲŪʹ𣿡һĵĶСӨ˵ֱȴûɿ
ǰ屻㱧ĺʹأſҰɣСӨЩϧ񣬾æ˵
׿ϧСӨĻ󣬾æſ壬ߵǸƵ˵Բ𣬶Բ𣬶ǰֲãŪʹˣ
СӨ׷ſ壬ʱҲһȻͱת߶Ը˵֣һطȥˣ
˵꣬СӨߺ죬ƵĿ첽Ūõķȥ
ҿ֪СӨŵĻصڴϣҲûٿȥıҪˣ͹˼أʱﻹǷǳ˷ܵģԭСӨ͵͵Ǻ͸ôһ˷ܵ¡



 
˵СӨ뵥λİ칫ңϺ͸ڲԼʱ٣ߺ졣
ղڳϣϹûУ˵ģûãҪϺ͸ֻһΣ϶ͬģҪһҹ͸˯һĺѽܡ
ʱСӨڰ칫ǰǺҺңϱ§סһʹеȫܣȼ仹ЩܣѨҲǷǳʪ󣬸еڿҲѾЩʪˣ
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ͻȻϹҪԼڶû¶ģҪǾܾϹҪһѹģҪǴӦˣԼҪŸ˯һҹģô죿ô죿
ʱСӨûһˣһƬհס
ˣͷȻֱ͸׷üϵĽӴˣϹô֧Լβ°ݷݣ
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뵽СӨϾ͸¶ߺԸı顣
ʱСӨڰ칫ϵֻϢæֻһǸ׷ģʱһЦ븸Ҳ̫ļ˰ɣϻءȻͱܵĵ㿪ֻһӨæ
СӨ˸׵Ϣһ룬Ȼ͸׻˹ȥУ֣ʲô𣿡
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СӨԽԽеЩ꣬ûлϢԼû취ȫעͶ빤ˣģ⵽ô°ôô븸׻Źأ
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ڹ˾İ칫СӨһϢҵҪҪ˯ڰ칫ҰϢҡ㡱ϸ룬ŻȻСӨСӨԭǹĨǵͬˣʱҵϾ͸¶ϲ
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СӨ鸴ڼ尾°ʱ䣬ֻ׷һϢ֣ڵҵλſұߵһˮſڵңҵλſһ׾룡
׺ܿͻعõģھȥ㣡
СӨʼʰȻ뿪˰칫ңλſʱһͬǴɫɫĿ͵͵ŮͬĽͼʵĿСӨϰˣﷴǸеرԺ
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СӨΪʲô᲻ǰ渱ʻλأҲԭģΪ˾ǸʮˣԼִ¶ȵţж̿㣬ԾͲǰˡ
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ױϲȾƣСӨ˵̰ƣԾһֱû˵СӨôʱϾӹһϲȻ͸˵ĶСӨ˵ӨĿԺȵ𣿡
԰أôҲúȵءСӨЦ˵
Өһȵ𣿡׿СӨ
ֲ֣ǲ֪ǴȾƵأɣȰ׿ˮɣСӨæ˵
õģõģǺǣҲǺܸˣƽʱڼԷСӨһԣȻԼȰ׿ˮˣѾˣԵرĸˡ
֣ҪٺһŶСӨͻȻŸ˵
ӨֵľѵûµģǺǡЩε˵
ǿɲУֻ֣׼ȶСӨ¸׺ȶ鷳Ծ͸ˣ
ðɣľˣֻȶǺǣ׻ǺСӨģҪϼҵũǰͷһȾƣǲȴģ
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ǺǡֻҪСӨԸ˵д㽿ͻͷˣ˵Ķϲ£ˡ
СӨһ°ť߷ԱҪһɢװ׾ƣҪһ׿ˮ
ܿ죬ԱѰ׾ƺͰ׿ˮ͹ˡ
ڰֻʣСӨ͸ˣСӨԼһ׿ˮȻⱭ׿ˮԸ˵֣ףտ֣ˮƾһ
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СӨ׺һСڣҲˣԼĸˣԼĸ嶼ˣǲ˵ȴ͵͵ںȾƣҪԼĹǸжð
֣ԸϺСӨ˵߼һֻϺڸ׸ǰС
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лл㣬Ө쳣ĶСӨ˵
֣Ǹ˵𣿱ˣӨһֻзڲӣ߶Ը˵
ױ߰СеϺǿţ˵ӨֽĸкҸأ
СӨ̧ܵͷһ۸ף߽Ϻ˵Щ˵Ϻĭ˵˳ʱһֶĸдӺӿǸǿסˣΪգ˵ֻǽһüͷѡ
ӨҲһллֹգʱ׾쳣ϿҵĶСӨ˵
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ӨԺֵջֻҪһֹͿˣ𣿡״ŰĿ⿴СӨ˵
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Ө׼СӨԥУʹŰڴһ
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˵ˣ˶ˣǿ԰ɣСӨô϶ʱһ죬Ծæתˡ
԰ɣӨҲԣױ߼һֻϺСӨǰС߹ĵĶ˵
֣ҲԣⲻϲԵ𣿳һɣСӨҲæһڸ׸ǰС
ϱı߳ԱߺȣԽԽˣӨڼҲԷǸöð
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ӨڳҲˣҲˣǡǲǿԶˣ϶ʱ¶ϲ˷֮ɫ
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׼ͬˣʱ˷ܵĶͨСӨƯͣԼϾͿԼƯˣԽԽԽԽ˷ܣ֪Ѵɳվ



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ѾվˣСӨȴʼԽԽž׵ҲߺȻ͸Ѿüμ֮ˣȴûкԼ͸ɸɾϹģԼҲҪˣԼͳ˺Ϲǹھûбڶǹ벻Լ͵ĵڶ˾ȻϹװְ֣ԼĹ
ͻȻ׵ͺǲƽʱ˵ˮ磬һпڳһ뵽СӨֲüͷһᷳı飬ֱȴһø׿Լϵֱ飬ʵŮ춼Ը£Լںֱɽĸоأ
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뵽СӨĴɳϳվǽŵе඼Ҫˣ
վֱӣħsҲȫڸ׵У׵ֱĳ¶Ľ׶Բ磬紺ź۵ۣʱزţж̿¶޳ȳƵѩ׶⻬ĴȣױֱСȣ嶼Ǻģһ覴ã
ϱϾҪŵģʱСӨҧҧ´Ȼһᣬ뿪ɳվ˸׵ĸǰȸ׸߳ͷ
ӨʱĸҲǷǳļ˷ܵģȻǸˣҲڼ٣ôƯСӨѾվĸǰˣ쳣ĺһ
СӨûǻıֻȴǷǳĽţҲǳĸе
ھɵӶ֪ôˣο׻ɵأһСӨرֻĿʱ͸ӵ˷ˣ˫ĿܵĿСӨƯͣģⲻΰɣôƯֺÿ;ҪԼų͸ˣ
ֱڣ׻ǰģֻʹһԼֱۣʹģ˵ǰ鶼ʵģ
ʱ׵ĺҲŽź˷ܶԽԽͻȻ׺ҲȲסˣֻһֱۣվǰСӨӵ˻С
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׵ֱһһ§СӨĺϣ§ĺܽʹСӨǰǰʱϱƵģΪǵǰ֮ûһķ϶׻еСӨزֻ鷿ԼŶѹıˣͬʱҲʮСӨһֱڅţеĺҲԽԽΪСӨ﷢ĺԼĶͷϡ
׻еСӨر㣬ΪСӨĲͽ޳Ĳ֮䣬ϴеζ˶еƮƮˡ
§СӨϵֱҲʵֻϼƸ·ʹĸš
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СӨȫܣ鷿飬Ѩԭ԰ֱµҲ̧˸׵˫ϡ
һѸ׸ǵöʱȫѪڣû뵽СӨİ紺ź۵̧Լ˫ϣʹе쳣˷ܲѣ
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أأСӨͻȻĻȥʹģʹսֱۣСӨ§ĸӽˣæ˵
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׵ֱһɣСӨһо֮ǰܶˣȻͻӦ׵Ļ֣ٱˣ㲻𣿵ǲǰ
СӨҲø˿£ҪȻᱻĥģΪȫԽԽеԼڿҲѾʪһƬˣ
㣬㣡æ˵˵֮ͰֻźϵҪ͹źͱ߳ôСӨˣ
СӨһæֱֻýǵǰ׼ҲŽֿʼڼ٣
ͻȻСӨеԼƬ촽׵͸סˣʱͽŵĻһ£ȻͽüͷΪѾŵ˸͵ĿڳζˣģԼûſأŵڳˣҪԼſͺǣǸˣ
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˵ŮһҪԸģֻҪһ⣬ô¾ͺѳɹģڵϱģСӨ;ǲø׵ͷĿǻУԾƾôŬ޼µģ
׵ͷûСӨУֻǰǿ촽ķСӨƬ촽ϣ׾Ѿе촽һˣǿǴζ
ʱ׵쳣ļԼСӨôԸеƬ촽ˣƽʱֻܿģھȻԼ͸ˣڿģ벻ԼҲд޸ôܲ˷أ
ΪСӨʵ̫Ư̫ÿˣƽʱ˵ʱչ¶ݣֽף״ûмôƯݣȵЩŮݻҪÿ׼ھȻԼˣԸײƴİͷʹ촽漷ͷһ촽׵Ưݡ
ֻϧСӨȴƬ촽ıסǲԼͷ촽棬¿ɼ˸ס
ʱСӨİƬ촽סһֱüͷģΪеЩģԼƬ촽ѾȫǸ׵ĿˮˣԼԽסͣԽҿԼ촽ʹԼ촽մ˸׵ˮſͷͷأ
СӨڰ׼ſ͵ʱͻȻ׵ͷѾԼĵһߣͷȻԼƬ촽УڱܵķӦǳڱܵķӦСӨæݽҧסø׵ͷͻƵڶߡ
׵ͷСӨ촽ʱȻͷ棬ǸеϲˣΪͷڿСӨ׵ƯˣһеĿһӿԼĿǻУʹѾеϲˡ
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СӨʱ͸еöģײԼϹţһеĿˮҲԼ촽УҺñԼݵ棬ҪͻˣСӨһֱǽüͷġ
˵ŮܣڵСӨеǷǳʹ࣬һܶģ
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ͻȻСӨǽһüͷΪһɿڳζҲӿĿǻС
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Ǹֱ۽§ĺϣôʹҲûаѸ׵ƿ
ǻеĿڳζͿˮѾʹСӨԽˣ漴ͷҲ׵ͷסˣǻôҲǲܵģƲ׵壬ɼСӨֻͻȻ۾ߵŸ׿ƴҡͷﻹ֮˼߸ףҪҪ
ʱĸѾͷˣôܻô׵ķأֻ˫۽§СӨĺ󱳣ƬҲķСӨƬ˵ĺ촽ϣͷζĿǻ޼ɵȥʱĲסСӨš
СӨأ׽§ڻƬ촽׵Ŀ͸סôͿ飬޲ͷֲʱı׵ͷס˸еĵĻǸ׵ĿˮϵιĿǻУﲻϵķĿ
Ȼе޸ǳܺСӨôƯĶϱǣǸеܳһСӨ̫ϣŽźСӨǡʹЩˣ
ͻȻ׵һ뿪СӨƬ촽ʹСӨе쳣ľϲͼɴİһתȻ͵ͷеĿˮ˵ϡһڣȴƣôͻȻأ
ʵ׸ģҲ˵ưͳԻп˵ˣ
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СӨ׷ſߣһʱͰֱϣץסˮһڣȻڣٰѿеˮ˰ߵͰŸелôˡ
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ûˣСӨüͷ˵ֽ촽ﻹƣôͻȻأ
ӨղŴ̼𣿡׻̲סС
˵ʵղȻеܣСӨĻǸеЩ̼ģΪƽʱֻбϹǹղõڶ˸ˣ˻ԼĹȻеܴ̼ģôܶԸ˵أ
ĿڳζѬˣ̼´ξˣСӨһ˵˵
һΣȻССӨӨǡǽѽ
֣Ͳһ°ɣˣСӨû׵ĻüͷԸ˵
ŶױӦһƲϵĿˮ
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ΪʲôСӨæʡ
׵һ죬Ȼµ˵ΡӨֵ졭϶ġĿˮĲòء
СӨ˶ʱһ죬ȻͰ˸һ˵֣಻డɾɣ
׿СӨֻֽϵĿˮɾˣ



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ɾͺ󣬸׻СӨ
֣㲻ȥӰ𣿡СӨʸס
ǣӰӰæ˵˵
ǾȥӰɣʱ仹ô磡ʵСӨǰǺϲӰģ󣬾ûʱȥӰԺӰˣûӰˣҲǸᣬøҲ뿴ӰԾ˳ˮ۵ĴӦ˸ף˵Ǹ׵գ׵ԸҲҪʵ֣ûп3dӰȥʶһҲã
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˵ڰ칫綼ûʲô˼ڹСӨ㸸׹յ£һ𵽵׻ʲô£˵Щʲôֲɣôܻ֪أ
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裬ɲأǺǣҿЦƵĶĸ˵
Ǻǣ㰡ԽԽ˵ˣˣƶˣȥ趼ѾպһĲˣĸԵúܿĵĶ˵
֪ˣ裬ȹˣһҶĸ˵
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ŵĸʩݣһɫȹǸ߶˳رزԵøͻزСӨĻҪ
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裬ȥְɣ˵žķȥĸСڿԼ棬ͽæȥˡ
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֣ͱСӨˣĺæ˵ȴСӨæ㸸׹أϱĹϵҲǲһġ
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Ǻǣ˰ɣǿ԰ɣĸЦǺǵĶ˵
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԰ɣŪԣĸ˵žһЩ˷󣬾ȥ
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˵ϵǺǣҿЦƵ˵
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裬ˣ˵ղ˵ļ㿴ȥôᣬôƯǻأǺǣ
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ĸ۵Ͼ͸¶ΣȻʹıһۣ㾡Ϲ˵趼ˣ
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ԷԷϹ˵ˣĸĻȴǺܿĵģǱϻװӶ˵
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裬ÿͶҪ͵𣿡˵ȥĸò˼ԾͰѻҲתˡ
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ͷӲȥҽԺڴţ˵Լأû취ĸǳ˵
ֶˣƢôԽԽˣ
ɲƢǰأͷƢܹˣĸί˵
裬ίˡҷǳĸί
˵ЩĵˣԷɣĸܼҲʼˣҲģԾͲ˵ȥˣ
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裬˯ҹҲչ˰֣ƽʱһչˣĺģҲТİɣҶŰĸ˵ˣ
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裬ģҴӦĸ
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뵽ĸ᲻ʱһģ᲻أ
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ĸ˫һ裬֪ϴ軻¿£׼̨ϴģеƣĸôûңֱӶ̨ȥأ



ʮ ӰԺ
ȻĸûңҵĻģɳϸеΣԽԽΪ飬ȥһᷢģԸĸ˵Ҽ䣬ҼҵܵģҪĻᷢģ
ʱҶסˣĸǸɣ̹״ӿܴϵĵһǶģҪһֱţĻᷢģ
ҧҧ¶ģȻɳϳվƤ̨ȥǸյ̨ſڣĪľĸվϴ̨ǰϴ·
ҿڲϣĶŵģ˶촽뿪˵ֲ֪˵ʲôһǺŵӵĺˣ衭
ţĸûתңұֻ·ߵ͵͵Ӧһ
裬աղҲǹġֻܺƤµĶĸ͡
֪ĸɴ˵֣
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ٽˣûй㣬ûаŸˣ㡭ĸ˵ȥΣԾæֹҵĻ˵
һȻ͵͵һĸĲĲ͸¶Σ֪ʱĸҲǷǳģҲǣȫıŮĿ˭еģϲ˵ĸǸӵĻء
裬ǶԲǸĸĵУԻǺܳϿҵǸš
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裬ղűŵöȥˡѿڶ˵˳ʵǺô˵ģ
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ҡҡҶʱͱʵԶˣȻһΡ
衭㣬㶼𣿡ĸεģͻȻŵһ죬ҡ
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裬֪֪ģεæӦ
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СӨһֱû˵ģе˴̼͸ڵӰԺ°һôСֱסţж̿¶ĴϻŸ׵ƣͻеġ



ʮ 
׼СӨһֱĬĬģûֹͷԣԵҲԽԽˣַİ۴ϸһ󣬺Ǹе㣬Ȼ쵽СӨ֮䣬ţж̿ȼ䡭
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ױűʹĴȣ̾һ
СӨһ͵Цһ£Ȼֱ쵽ϣ׼ѱ׽⿪ִӸϣǱֹסˣӨϰֻء
СӨ֪ũ˵Ƚֱӣ˵Ů˵鷿˵ӵģҲûм֣˵ҪԼ鷿ʱһ죬˵֣ôˣ͵ˣ
Өǰֶûء˾ʹɫɫСӨ˵
㡭СӨʱĶ˵ˣ



ʮ Ĵ
СӨͷϣ͸е׵ħצţж̿ϣûзӦʱţж̿ϵť۾ͱ׵ļħָ⿪ˡʱһ֣ѽ
Өð棬ûˮ׵ִСӨĶ˷ܵĶ˵
СӨ˶ʱͨԽԽˣֻҲ˵óˣ˵ҲֻԼûˮҪǱˣԼѾǺʪˣǸҪ
֣Ϲ˵ɶأҪҪСӨ˵ţͻȻָеԼţж̿ϵ׸ʱ;֪ڵӰԺеҲֻϱüʵղź͸׵ĶԻǵһֱǺܵ͵ģ˶Ǹģ
ðɡСӨţж̿ϵ󣬸ԽԽ˷ˡ
ҪءСӨߺı˵æץס׵󣬵ȴûһĵΪƾ־Ҫץסģ
Өֻһ¾ϳģðһͻȻðСӨ˵
СӨҧ´ʼԥǴµԸ˵ǡ˵Ҫֻһ¾ϳ
ţϻģæ˷ܵĴӦ
ʵСӨղһֱ˼ǣԼӦ׿϶ǿģԼҲֹģӦ˵գССҲǽԲźߴӦҲǷǳ˵ֻһ¾ͳأҲǸԼǫ̃ˣ
ģСӨץסϵİ˿֪ϾͻˣԻǸеرڵӰԺأ鷿ҲļˣھȻͬԼȼŮ˽ĲλԾҧҧ´
׼СӨģǿɰּ֮ͬԼ棬͸ӵϲˣʱĸ׾ͼɴİƲСӨڿ棬ѩ׹⻬СϣȻƾֱȥ
СӨֽе׵˳Լ⻬С滬ȥ׵ƿҪë׵ëʱСӨŵҲסˡ
״ֲڵСӨڿУڻǴëˣʱĸҲԽԽ˷ܣָë࣬еȻëƾָкСӨëģںЩŮӵģ
СӨѾİžµͨˣһֱҧ´ҲǣڵӰԺ˫˸Լ׹ôİһ𣬶Ѿ⿪ֱɳڣţж̿Ҳ⿪еĻǹǴϼĴֲֲڿ棬ֲڵָڰֵŪѩ׹⻬СëôĶܲСӨе쳣
ײ֪ô£ֲڵָֻСӨëŪţûһ̽˼
ɼСӨԽŪëѨоԽеѨʱҧҧ´ҲǷǳףڹԼֲ˼ֻҧӲѨԽԽĸоˡ
ǸеǣѨѾʪˣ֮ǰԺЩڱ׵ָôԵŪëѨжĳˣҪǴḸ׵ָԼѨһ̽Ҫ𣿸׿϶ΪǸԼʵŮˣģŶ
׻ǴֲڵָСӨڿںڵëСӨַǵԽԽģѽ
ʱСӨɸǴ˼ˣƽʱôʵʵһˣŪŮ˵ļô⾫أĪ˵Ǹͷ
ѨԽԽͺñֻ˺ҧѨʺƵģСӨѾǱڵȫߺ죬ˣѾڲ֪в࿿˸׵Ļˡ
ײڿӵķˣСӨ죬ʱ͸¶ϲ˷֮ɫĲˣԾͰָ˳ëȥ
ѽҪСӨȻȫܣҲûǻѵģе׵˳Լëȥʱ;ԼѨѾĳˣҪ׷ˣʱеǷ޷ݵġ
൱˷ܵģ§ôƯϱƲڿ˳ë𽥵ȥͻȻָͷһʪⶴУʱһϲ벻СӨѾʪˣ
׵ָͷСӨʪѨʱĲһ£ſҲǽһʱİǾµ˸׵ϣȻҧ´һ顣
Ө涼ʪ͸Ү˷ְܵǴſڳζĿʹСӨĶߵ˵
СӨѾѵˣͻȻִ׵˵Ļʱ͸޵ˣҲûа취ֻҧ´Ӳס
ʱ׵ѾСӨëϣָͷʪѨУʼ
ҪСӨѨͻȻ׵ָţʱҵĲһ£Ȼüͷһ壬һ
ӨˮöŶ׵ָһѨУ͸еˮرĶ࣬ʱ˷ܵ˵һ䡣
СӨֻܰڸ׵ĻһԡǸеѨб׵ָͷڵķǳܣ֭ϵı˳Ѹ׵ָŪʪˡ
šСӨܵĽһ
Ө𣿡׼СӨʹ֮ɫȻô
СӨѾܵ嶼΢΢ˣбڵҲԽԽܣĸоֻ˺ҧѨʺƵģָоһҲᵽģҲֻΪŮ˲Żֵĵ׻Ȼô¾ˣڸ׵ʹһ¡
׶ʱͱʹʹְ
СӨҧ촽˵ȴڰţҶôʾˣҪǻҵ˼Ҳû취ˣ
ӨְĶ̿º𣿡׿ЩСӨΪʲôˣǻʮȷԾĶ̽Ե
ģ汿װ˼ǸŮֻ˾ǣôңܺ˼ӦСӨǲ֨
֨ҲĬϣ׶ʱ쳣ϲ߶ʮһͰǴֲڵƴСӨڿ˳ȻСӨưаţж̿
ʱСӨֻһ˿ڿˣģڵӰԺﱻװţж̿㣬Ȼڸǿģ뻹Ǹеǳ
͸ĻϵĲŹߣֻСӨ洩ŵһɫ˿Сڿ㣬ԵøӵĽף
Өڿ㶼ʪˣҪ˰ɡ׻˷ܵ̽СӨ
ʵСӨѾˣȫܣѨֱ̣֭аͲø׿Ĵ󼦰ѨиֹϾǸŮˣô˼˵أʱôȻ룬ֻװˡ
׵Ȼ֪СӨǲ˼ӦˣҲ֪ʱѾˣΪʪѨܿóģҲΪˣ־ץסСӨڿֻһ룬ͱƨѹסˣҲѾ˷ܲˣΪСӨڿ㱻һ룬׹⻬СںڵëҲ¶һˣֻ¶һë˵ģҲǷǣԸֻ۾湴ĶСӨ¶ںëҲҪˣ
СӨȻǸŮʿְ¶ëջô֪أԾԽԽеˣøװԼڿһ죬ҧҧ´Ȼƨһ̧
һʱϾ͸¶ϲ֮ɫæưСڿѵ档
ʱСӨѾȫڸ׵ǰҺµӰԺǿģҪСӨĶˣǸе쳣ģڵӰԺĸ˭еģ
׼˾͸ӵ˷ܣֻ۾̰ĶСӨѩ׳忴̫ܳԭɣСӨǽסģֻϸҲϵģںڵëסˣǻмëָ϶չ¶˳
ʱĸ׺񲢲ΪѾڿ㶼ǻǳְѻСӨϵڿǽױֱСϣСӨ˫ǲڵϵģ̧ͷðεĿ⿴СӨ
СӨȻ֪ΪʲôĿ⿴ˣʱһ죬ߵİѽ̧
СӨôǸϲ£ԺСӨԸҲԽԽˣΪȫԼˣʹޱȵϲҲ֪֮Լͽׯںǳ඼ԲԼͷӣСӨôƯһǸŮʿôܻῴԼأһǿԼ˶󼦰ˣֻҪԼϣѾҪոˣ
˷ܺϲڿСӨֻȡº󣬾ֱϱСڿ﷭ţֻСڿĵɲλѾʪһƬˡ
ˣ಻డһֱжû˵СӨڷСڿ㣬ʱߺ
Ө˽֮ôأ˵žͰڿʪĲλڱ˼º󣬾͸˵˵㰡
㡭СӨĶ˵ˣôأ
ͻȻװСڿɳϣǴֲڵƾʹСӨϵİϣȻץסֻСǣԼĿ㵵ϣ˷ܵĶ˵ӨҲֵĿɣ㿴ôӲˣǲǡ
СӨƱǣĿʱʱģôѽŷҲٵš
ӨҲѿˣ𣿡׿СӨϱ飬پ˷ܵ
ҪСӨ˵ҪǴڸ׿ϵʯסƵģˣ
֪СӨֻΪˣʱЦһ£ȻͰͬĴֻһͳСӨǰĻӳĹ֮£Ȼֱۣ˶Ĺͷ쵰СȻû˵ôʺҲ˵ˣһ˸û˶󣬶ҹϻðһ͸Һ壡ִİԭα¶Ů˼˶ֵģ
СӨȻҲѾܶˣֻĿǱȻסˣΪʱȫܣѨˮֱԾ͸ҪȻˣ
Ө׼СӨԵĶȻ￴ʱ쳣˷ܵĶ˵
ҪСӨ˵Ҫȴ޷ƵסȻʱķһңΪиеȶȺӲȣҲͨ



ʮ 
׼϶ʱ͸¶ϲѴֲڵСӨȥë׵ѨʱҲǸһΪʱСӨѨ֮ǰӵʪˣ۵ĴڲҲŪʪˣ˫ɳҲѾʪһƬ
Өˮ湻డ˷аʹСӨĶ
СӨ˶ʱͨ죬Ҹضȥˡ
ӨǿӰɡͻȻСӨ˵Ļ
СӨ˾һȵŸס
ӨǱ߿Ӱ໥ŶԷⲻǼܴ̼𣿺Ǻǡ׺ЦŶ˵
ģزˣ׻˵Ц˶Ѿˣǻʲô˼ӰأǺðɣȻô˵ǾͿɣ˭̵סСӨڶţȻİ˫ĿעӵĻһĿŵӰˣǰƻס׿Ȼ
죬죬׼жʱڰԼĳͣͬʱҲǺĪǼȻԼ˵ģҲֻưͳԻˣΪӣҲ˾̧ͷǰĻϿ
СӨ֪ǹ˵ģ֪ʱ˿ǻʲô˼ڿӰڶʱҲ˾ڿӰסϵƸеİһֱڲţʱ̲ס͵͵ЦЦһ£ưɣ˭̲ס
ʱĵӰԺڲŵӰһŵһ˫˸棬һһŮİһеǸ඼ԲԼͷӣŮƯ˵嶼ǳģеСŮѩˣеǴֲڵŮȼڲʱ䶯šŮǰСҲ쵽еĿ䣬סļڻ׶ţǵǰĻϣȫעڿŵӰ
ʱ׵ĴԽԽΪСӨǰƯס׶ţʱǸˣҲ޶ԵģҪ˵Ǹʳ޽ˣʱеͱСӨСסرƵ׶˷ܵ嶼Щ΢΢ˣƲסһֱڲţĺҲԽԽ
СӨأҲǿ˸׶٣еѨб׵ֲڵָͷһֱڿţޱȵĸоһֱĥ飬ˮϵı˳ȫԽԽҲڲͣ΢΢ţҲԽԽˣܲ˵ĻѨбڵֻ˺ҧʺƵģģܣĺܰ
ʵСӨΪں͸ڶʵ֮ߣΪκ£Ů飬̲סĶŮģΪŮ˵еĶֻ࣬ҪԵһ£ܶŮ˾ͻܲ˵ģ˿סģԴʱСӨѾЩˣȻȫעĿӰǲѷģһֱǽҧ´ŸָȼѨеĿڣҲŷš
Ȼеǳܣ̵סģҪȡʤָƴСӨпš
ģˣˣʵ̫ˣôѽСӨеܲˣرѨڵˮֱ̣һ˶ļͲѨиֹʱѾ˼ˣˣ̫ˡ
ͻȻֻСӨƨ̧ȻһתͿڸ׵ϣֻҲֱ˸׵ϣ֮ɫ
׼϶ʱ͸¶ϲı飬ȻֲֻڵƷСӨ׵ϸϣһСӨӨ𣿡
˵СӨֹȻͰִӸ׵ڳֱ쵽Ŀ䣬סȻ׼ԼȼʪѨȻİѩ׵ѹ
ֻ׿ĴִҲűûѨС
׸еԼȰܵûһʪⶴ֮УʺİķǳԾ̲ס˳
СӨһֱüͷҧ´ģȻѨǳ̣ҲǳʪˣǱϾ׵ļʹ˶ˣող뻹ǸеЩӦʹֻ֪ҪסһˬоͻʹԼȫе
Դʱüͷҧ´ӲסѨб벻ʵʹƨѹ
ڣȻﶼûѨˣСӨһ󣬾Ͱִ˸׵ϡ
Өղ𣿡ʵ׻ǵùСӨģղżʹı飬ҲǷǳŵģҲ˵ЩĵģһֱǽŵıźģĬĬעСӨҲôģʱһСӨѾɹİԼûѨУҲһŹĵ
Ҫ˵СӨһ仰ڵӰԺԭɣ͵͵ּ˵£˵
Ҳ֨ˣͬʱеѨбܵʺķǳ˷ܵѨв
Ӧסϵ˱ţ
СӨڸ׵СʵĴϣֻƽĴڸϣһ󣬾˫Ųȵأ˫֮ѩ׵Ƭƨ̧ѨҲűγһ룬ȻƨѹȥҲֱûѨУһֱüͷҧ´ģСĻѹ˼κüͷҲɿˣѨҲӦˣ
һֱԴģ˫ƷֱСӨߵĲϣСӨüͷҧ´ҲʮֽŵģΪеԼ˶󣬶СӨѨôĽۣҪ̫ʹˣȻˣͻǰϵģŻôĽţСӨѨţеرΪʱѨ滹Ƿǳģ£ѨнŰĦţ˵жˣ
ʱСӨϵüͷҲſˣҲһȷѾɹˣΪѨееԽԽʪ
СӨԹƿڸ׵˫ϣ˫ֱַڸ׵ϣƨ̧ٶҲ𽥵ЩӿҲ͸¶֮ɫ
ҲԽԽ˷ֹǺʡһеȨСӨǸ׻СӨֲֻڵƷֱ߲ȥȻֱַסСӨƬ۵ƨɣСӨĳ塭
ġֻһСӨ̲ס˳ɼĸеˡ
Өͺá֪ڵӰԺ͵͵ּ˵£˵͵ҲֻСӨ
̧֡ʱСӨֻĿ˿ֻڸ׼ϵƶ۴ڸ׵ļˣ̲סš
ֹƿʹе˳ҪĹʹ̧Ҳʡˣ
ϼһũĻҲ̫ɣǴʱ˿̵ֻϲˣСӨ󣬸׾ƴҲҪŬѩ׽ʵһеԵƨɣʹ̧ʹСӨʡ㡭
ֻСӨƬƨɵ̧ǵĽӴҲɷǺÿ˶İѾմ֭ȥģʱʱ֣İγƬСҲ߷˳룬Ƭ۵СҲű˽ȥȻ׵ĿѾСӨѨˮŪʪˣëһˣ
šġˬšСӨ紺ź۵۽Ĵڸ׵ϣ¶֮ɫĿ˿Ѩб˶Ƿǳһһرǵƨȫѹڸ״ʱ˶ĹͷѨͷҲܴӹڣֱŵĸо˵жˬˣϹһҲܸģԴʱСӨĸоˬѰϹ׵Ժˣ
ֲִֻϼƷֱСӨƬ۹⻬ϣƨɵ̧ҲʹİƬѩƨ̧׶־СӨκεҲ˵ƨɶǸ׸ȥģ
ʪȵѨвϵʱʱ֣ˬøȫ˷֮ɫСӨŲֻʱ鷿Ҳ»ζţŸ׵
СӨǰǴûģֻСӨѩƨĳ壬ֻ۾̰ĶСӨزֻ»ζŵ鷿ڲ˫Ѿֻµ鷿סˣ
šġ̫ˡֻСӨԲ۹ڸ׼ϣӶƬѩ׵ƨɣҲϵĻζţвϵķ΢֮
ʱϱĽ֮ǲĿѾˣŽӴķ룬ܿɺöϸ˿״
ĻڷӳʲôѣѾϱ޹ˣڶ԰֮Уˬ֮С
Ȼڲ˫סСӨزϵֻ鷿Ǹ׻а취ģֻȻСӨزĦزϵֻʱ鷿
ѽѽѽ֡ҪġˬĺˬѽšŮ˵鷿رУڷʱ͸ӵˣ鷿ᱥͣͷҲᷢӲʱҲеģͻȻ׵ʹĦţʱˬСӨܲˣвķ΢֮ҲǺܵ͵ģһԵӰԺҲ˿ģСӨҲ֪ڵӰԺڣҪڼҲƲסߵģ
ױСӨƬѩƨţزʹĦֻе鷿Ȼ˵Ǹº֣׻ĦĽζ
ʱСӨѾҪˬȥˣ˵жرѨӹڲϵı˶Ĺͷײֱˬоʹ嶼ģҲˬģ
ϱ֪ӰԺУԶҲǲ̫ģ׵ĴȺСӨѩƨûзײžžҪڵӰԺǾͱڸģ
׵ľ൱ʢģʱӢ֮أƾʵǿ״;չʾҲǼܷյ£ʲô취أ
СӨѾǺˣ˶ѨвϵĽˬҪˣѨеĿһһ֭Ҳϵı˳
Ҳ֪˶ãͻȻСӨ۽Ĳڸ׵Ĳϣƨɻΰڵĸˣз˷֮ܵѽѽѽġ첻ˡҪҪˡ
֪Ҫ߳ˣ˫ƽƬѩƨϣƴ壡
ѽˡˡġˬСӨͻȻĲס׵Ĳϣ˷ܵĺҲҵĲȻѾﵽ߳ˡ
һˮѨӿ˳⸸ҲǸоĵģΪѨбˮײţûб⼡ˮײ˳
СӨۻǽĲڸ׵Ĳϣزϵֻʵ鷿Ҳļѹڸ׵ϣļϣĽڸ׵ĲϣʱڸŸ߳ζ



ʮ ʧĸ
ʱĸҸģСӨûԲĲĲϣҲ˵޸ǳ
ֲֻڵƻǽСӨѩ׹⻬ƨϣСӨ嶼ϣԶĽ
ϢһСӨͻȻеԼѨлһӲʱ;һ£֪׸ղŸûּԼĲڸ׵Ĳϣǰصֻ鷿Ҳǽļѹڸ׵ϣʱͨæԲ۴Ӹ׵ĲϷȻһزҲ뿪˸׵š
Өղ𣿡ͻȻԸ˵ҲǷǳؼģСӨղôǳɹģҪôʧܵģ
šСӨӦһ
϶ʱ͸¶ϲı飬ҲģֻҪСӨеôͻԽϣΪСӨûԼȻ޷õԸģ
СӨһ죬ȻʹԸ˵֣ôûѽ
ôһʱ䣬ôأǺǡ˵žЦЦ
ǡզСӨд˲֪ļ丸ס
Өŵһθ߳ҪǾһΰɣ״˷ܵ˵
ԵġСӨһæܾ˸׵Ҫ
ΪʲôǸղŲǶڰֵļͶأ෽㰡ײ
׿˵ļͣСӨҲûвˣΪ֪ױϾˣ˵ֻҲϰˣ˵ʸܺͳȵģ˵ȴ˵ٱƣСӨҲûжԸ׵໰֡˸׵Ļ󣬲֪Լȿڸ׵Ĵϣ׿ҲĲԼѨУʱָͨȻæ̧׵ҲĴѨл˳˶Ĺͷγʱˡ硱һ
СӨӴڷֿˣʱæӸ׵ĴȻתɳϣһֱǱߺģ
۹ļСӨ뿪壬ȻǲԸ⣬ֵطٱҲʵǲ̫ģСӨӨΪʲôأ
ӰźˣʲôѽСӨûĶ˵
ҲеҪһΣҲҪСʱӰʷźˣʱӰԺĵƹһǾ鷳ˡ
ɾѿӴϣСӨǹɳϣĿóֽȵݸסȻڿóŷȼ
׽ӹֽȻڿţֻ۾ȴ͵͵ĿСӨѩ׹⻬Ĵȷֿ󣬰ֽȼѨСĲţſţڲ֪˷еסʱĪ
СӨɾȼѨ󣬾ͱ̧ܵͷͷָ׸ղŶ͵͵棬ʱߺ֣أѽ
׼ˣʱһ죬Ȼε˵Ө㿴ˡ˵ָָ塣
СӨܵĿһʱ־ȣֻ׿ǸȻﻹôղŸûкԼƵģ
ôѽ׿ɥСӨ
Ӱ裡СӨû˵һ䡣ﻹǵһģ׵ľôôĳأʱ־ϲ
̾˺ε̾һ
֣̣취ĳҡͷ̾ģСӨҲĲ̣ղԼˬˣҲǳ㣬Ǹȴû˿ɲֻԼˬ˱ˣԾʹοŸס
ǽأҲǺܻСӨ˵ȡ̣ô϶ĵģ
ס˵СӨһ죬Ը˵ȻСڿ㴩ϣ
֪֪ˣǺǡ׼СӨô˵滹˵ֵģʱͺˣæЦǺǵ˵ȻҲڿϣҲѾ£ΪڿܿסģֻСӨ֪ˣ
СӨţж̿㴩Ϻ󣬲һּҲѾڿˣ͸ӵķˣȻͰһ࣬󱳶Ըףһ죬ĵ˵֣ҰѺ󱳴ϵĿӸϡ
׵ȻˣǷǳ⣬һֱ˵źü֣úúãǺǡ
СӨͨ죬Ҫ洩£Ҳøװæģ
ʱĸæֲֻڵưСӨ󱳵¸ʱֻ֬ļ¶ڸ׵С
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֡㰡Լϵ·ѾȥˣǰûκζСӨ̲סĿڴߴˡ
ŶϣϡײŴ˹æӦֲֻ߰ڵСӨǽĺȥȻֻƷֱץסߵĴӽͷмȥٰѿӸˡ
󱳵±ºСӨһȻµ°ڣһ·ֻ׵ֱٰ̧ߵĳһۣȻҡһͷƮ
ױСӨͷĶķˣֱ̫ˡ
СӨ׵󣬲ֱ׼ʼӰľǲУŸղŷ£ԽԽеԼô͹ֵطأǺϹҲûģֵطôԼ϶ʵľܾǾôԼĹأţǾµҲź
׼СӨһĿʼӰ֪ʱСӨȫû˼ڿء
Ҳû˼ڿģһֱСӨ˵Ǿ䡰˵ĻôӰСӨһʲôŵģΪһθ߳ôܳأҲ֪ԼûӶģҪҲôİԼˡ
뵽׿϶СӨаŵģҲ֪͸¶ϲı顣
ӨѾЩˣתСӨȻĺ
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ӨǻǱˡ״ŵӵСӨ˵
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СӨ뵽ͲҪ뿪Ƿ֮ˣ¾ͶԸ˵֣ǲˣ߰ɣ
˶ʱϾ¶ϲæСӨ˵ˣˣ߰ɣ
Ȼϱ뿪ӰԺӰԺſڵĴ·ʱ׾ССӨӨǡȥİ
ؼҰСӨ˵˳
˶ʱ嶼ûһˣ˫ȷղųʱ緢Цݣ˲ʱϾܲţôأôأ
СӨϵıͻȻתô죬㶣ȻʲôƵģʱ̲ס͵͵ЦЦͶԸ˵֣Ǵ⳵ؼҰɣ
׺޷Ӧ
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ŶײѹȻæСӨӨղ˵ʲô
СӨ׻겻ӣ̲ס͵Цһ£ȻͶ˵֣˵Ǵ⳵ؼҰɣ
Ŷھ͡ͻؼҰȻ׺񻹲ؼңֻҪصǾʲôҲˣΪڼأ
ؼҸȥ㲻ڶˣСӨһ˵
ǡǾͻؼҰɣҲûа취ڶʮˣҪٲؼңԼû£СӨؼң϶ɵģԾֻôͷɥͬˣ
ȻСӨһ⳵˾ǸŮģҲˣԾֱǰĸʻϣ
ΪСӨһں棬벻ȻǰˣʱѾܲõ͸ӵĲˣҲûа취ֻð̾˺档Ȼ⳵ķȥ
ĸңȴСӨ͸׵ϣСӨδǰĹ뷿ԽŴͷСӨŮʱյƬĪСӨں͸׵ڸʲô뷢ϢСӨ´ŵ͸׵ĵദˣҲûõģ˯ɣ
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ҵôˣôǸֳĸѩأģһǲǸ˰ԼĸҲ£ƽʱһֱǰ迴ģТ˳Ȼô뷨أ
ʱҶе߳ܣ뾡סԼԾվ䶨˶ȻͰĸӣٰѿһѣͰϡ
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ʱԽԽ˷ĸȻûжϾҲ֪Ǹ񾭲ԾסƲסİ쵽ͰĸѪһͻȻҵ۾ͱϵһںëסˣĸë
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ͻȻҵһ˹ģҸղŶЩʲôˣʱҾΪղŵ¸е߳ܣæеͰҲڰԼĲǸˣôأ
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ҵҲŽź˷ŵСӨ͸ڶûлؼңǵǸɶȥˣ˷ܵп͵ˣҪڶϾŵˣôûлؼأ



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ʱҾ͸ӵ˯ˣһֱСӨ͸ô˻ûлؼңʲô˵ղͺӦûؼ˵ģҵ˲ʱͲ˿ֻϵļأһˣСӨ绰סˣôûлؼңδزǼ£˵СӨ͸ڽһչˣⲻһֱϣ
뵽ҵĲҲˣһеԽԽ˷һʲô鷢Ҫôڶûлؼأ
ҰֻϵļлΪֻҪСӨ͸һؼңҾõǡ
ʱҿ˿ֻϵʱ䣬ѾϾŵˣǻûлؼң
һֱֻſļػ滹һֱûκζҶеЩˣͻȻĪĸֳĸѩ壬ֲʧģѩ׹⻬ļfʵİ鷿˵
ôĸأͻȻ˹ͬʱҲһôˣôͿƲסĻĸأ
ʱֻϲļػͻȻ춯ˣǴŵȻҶʱ˾ҵļ豸ǿҹӵģǲĵˣЬóЬʱͻȻ׵ӰСӨĺ˳ЬΪСӨóЬȻİڷСӨǰСӨֻҪѵ߸ЬͿֱӰѽЬˣ
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ʱЩʧϷչĲǺ˳
еСӨ˸׵Ļ̲ס͵Цһ£ȻԸ˵Ҳѽ
С˵׼СӨ˵ôǱһæѹСӨ˵
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СӨһֱŪõķȥ׵ĿҲԽԽˣƤӶ˺üκ󣬲ѹסСӨӨȵȡ
СӨæתŸףôˣ
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Ѹһ˲ֻɵɵԭվŲһʱӦͻȻ׾ϲĺӨӨһ°˵ƨƨߵŪ÷ٵȥ
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ŶСӨӦһ󣬾ŰһšžͿˣ׼Ҫ뷿ʱ׽ĸ󣬶ʱתʸף֣Ҹѽϲأ
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СӨ˵žһְŸˣ
˰춼ûзӦһһӷӦˣʱľϲæŷźӨȥϴ裡
ڵСӨûлΪҴӼػпСӨѾˣҲƨƨߵĻԼķȥˣ
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뵽ʱ쳣˷ĪСӨ˯ڸ׵ķ
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ʱҵҲź˷СӨȻôԸеİ¶˯ȹ׷æѼл׵ķŪ档
ҲѾϴˣȫֻһӣ¶СڵϵļȴǷǳʵЩϵɳڣ˵ϵļǺɳڵģ
ڷ߶ţʱʱĿ˿⣬ΪķǿŵģܾǸСӨŵԭɣ
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˵ֻ۾ֱĶСӨ忴ǿСӨϴŰ¶Ը˯ȹɣ
СӨû˵ֻһ죬Ȼҧҧ´ʹ׵߽˸׵ķ䡣
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ŶСӨĻ󣬲ŴӾ˹ӦһæŸˣȻСӨߣż˷ܵ˵Өллңǰֻʮĵһ죡
֣㿪ľͺãҪסգҲŻôģĿľһգֲûйգŮʿǲһ˵Ļͷͷǵ
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ţϴˣԡ¶أţϻءæ˵СӨƵģ
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ڼػп׿ȻҲһȻҲ׿µÿοʱжĪһĽʸУʱҲԹףôⶫŴأôӴĶǸкð
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ҪͻȻֻϼػдСӨˣæֻһֻһӴӺ汧סСӨ壬ѹСӨͻȻ
ֻ״ӺסСӨ壬СӨͣҡţ֣أôＱſҰ
Ө̫ϲˣÿ춼㼸£Ҫ˯˯ȵģ׵Соֱ۽סСӨϣ쳣˷ܵĶ˵ȻпڳζĿ;ʹСӨ޳׵ĲྱĦš
СӨʱͽһüͷһᷳı˵֣ٲſңԺͱһҵ壡
˶ʱ㶣ȻæſСӨ壬СӨǸţԲ𣬶Բ𣬰̫ϲ˲ŻƲסģ
СӨױԼĻŵæſԼ壬ʱ͵Цһ¡ǼôԭҲǸеױԼŵõԭ򣬲Ż̲ס͵͵Цһ£
δҷӦͼ׺ＱƵĶСӨ˵Өֶſˣǵȥɡ
СӨ˾µһ죬Ȼҧҧ´׵Ĵǰȥ
ҿȥЩΪȫѾˣС壬ڵƤǿȥȴǳĽʵҲĿȴһȥЩŻ˵ȻСʵЩơ
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СӨ˵Ľ΢΢һ£Ȼһ죬ҧҧ´Ͱϵİ¶Ը˯ȹ
ʱֻ׵۾һȻǾ֮ɫ֮Ҳ¶˾ȵı飬ģСӨôŵĿأȻյģûдֺڿ㡣
СӨ˯ȹһ£ʲôҲûͱɳˣǺ󱳳Ÿ׵ģѩ׵ĺ󱳺Ƭ׹⻬ȫչڸ׵Уѹָ׺һ͸¶ȵıˡ



ʮ ϼ
СӨѾȫĺ󱳳ŸվڴǰѾЩߺ죬ҲЩţϸոڵӰԺ͸һΣֽ븸׵ķ䣬붼еѵԼǲϸ׿ȻˣȼѨԿ϶ĸϸ׿˶ˣҪʱѨôôĿأҸղŸ´չ¶Ǹ˼ְֺ޵ĴʱԼĪܣȼ˽֮Ҳֱ̣֭أ
һ뵽СӨʱҧҧ촽Ȼеǳ𚰵׿ԼŪȥʱ͸еֵˡ
ϴڴϣǳѩ׺󱳺˵ζŸ׵ģҲСӨΪԭһֱҰǰŸס
ڼػпһĻ֪СӨЩŲŸףǼȻ͸׶̹ˣôŲأﰵţҸ֪ʱСӨжΪһŮ¾ѾˣΪһŮʿΪһϱԼĹôܲеأǺ͸׾£ǚСӨеģҲǱӦɣԴʱСӨǸеرģ
׼СӨѾϴˣǰֻ۾̰ĶСǳѩ׺󱳿֬ǹ⻬ϸ弡Ƭѩ׹⻬Σƨɹ޳ȳƵĴȡʱĸױСӨô˶ŵСӨѩǵĶʱȫѪֻӶҪˣ˷ܵ٣٣ҲӵļӲִˣһֱĿ䲪š
ڣҲ̲ס˴ȻּɴİСʵԲСӨѩ׹⻬ĺϡ
Ȼ׵ǰСӨĺʱѷ֣СӨ΢΢һ¡ǿΪ׿ǸӲִļͶСӨƨģ
ܿ죬Ÿ׵һֱҲСӨѩ׹⻬ϣеϵļֻϸ壬ȻƾСӨǰط˹ȥ
СӨ֪ǽԭ򣬻ԭ򣬵Ȼ׵ֱ۴ʱֲĲһ£׵ǴֲڵǰȥʱеҲ΢죬һֱҧ´ġ
ͻȻز鷿һЩʹԭ״ϼѾסԼ۵鷿ˡ
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Өת𣿡״˷ܵ˵
ҲΣСӨ̾һ߰ת˹泯ŸףǵŽǰʱʱͽһüͷ˵ʵ׵һҲÿϵƤڣƣſڳζĿ°ϻкӣСӨȻʮֵḸ׵ѿȻʱҲĪĲôѿˣ
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ӨϿʼǡ׿֪СӨ㸧壬Ծʹŵӵ
СӨȻȫܣȼѨҲҪɸ׿ȻﻹЩѵģһ죬øװһᣬָеģֱҪ룬ԼͻܲȻԾҧ´еΪѣ
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ȡһٿʼСӨ쳣ĵ˵
϶ʱ͸¶ϲ֮ɫһ¿ʼҪȵһˣѴСӨ۴ϸŵĴֲħצҲȥ
СӨ֪ʲôҲԽԽ죬ŵҲڼ٣е׵˳ԼԲ۵ĴȻԼĴڲ࣬ܿ죬ֲֻڵħצʹԼȼѨˡСӨͿƲסĲһ£
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˵ˣˡСӨ쳣˵
׼СӨôӣаԸˣΪûзԼѨڵӰԺѨȻͬˣԺ󶼿ŵĽѨˣԴʱĸԽԽˣͬʱָҲʪĽѨУʼ
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𣿡׼СӨܵӣ˷ܵ
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׼˶ʱ͸ӵ˷ˣСӨϣҲû뵽£ԿڵĶҲӵʹˣѨﴫˮˡ
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СӨͨ죬æһߣȻҧ´סԼ˵
ͻȻСӨѨʵ̫ˣͺס˸ף֡ٿˡɡԡ
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಻డֽһ°СӨ˶ʱһüͷ˵
ӨϵĶֶеأǺǡЦǺǵ˵
ɾСӨԽʪ֣ԽеΪⶼԼˮܲе
˾ڴͷϳֲֽɾСӨӨڿԿʼ𣿡
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׼СӨӦˣʱ͸¶ϲ˷֮ɫȻͼɴķֲֻڵưСӨ۹⻬Ĵȷֿ
СӨİһߣȻҧ´ȫǺΡ
ҿѾ˷ܵİһֲֻڿ棬סѾļͣƲס׶СӨѾôſˣԺǵķչǷǳģԴʱҸеرĸˣҵٻЩģԼôţʱֿ۵ĴȣԼ˽¶ڸ׵Ƥӵ£Ҹ׿˶󼦰ϾͲСӨ˽ˣһ뵽ҾĪ˷ҲʧˣҲڵְɣ
ʱҼ׹ſСӨ֮䣬ֲֻڵƵСӨ۵Ĵڲ࣬ʹȸӵķֻֿ۾ȴֱĶСӨ֮俴
֣ˣˣ㡭СӨԼȶѾ׷ֿһˣǼûһĶѨȴԽԽ̣ѨֻҧʺƵģԼ踸׿Ĵ룬ֹסܻĥ˵о
ҵȻʱСӨˣֻ˷ֿĴȶ˽ﶼЩڱԹˣôȻСӨѨУأ
СӨĻŴȼ̧ȻűǸ˵ԲӨ̫ÿˣ԰־͡
˵ˣɣҶˡСӨ¸˵ʲôеѿĻԾæֹĻ˵
úúã˵žͰֱȻסİ׼СӨȼʪѨϣ˶ĹͷĦš
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ԭǸ׷СӨĦŵ˶ͷͻȻѨС
ҶʱĪ˷ΪʱСӨİڸ׵Ĵϣ۵ĴȷֿױֱСչڸߡſСӨȼ䣬Ĵ󼦰ѾСӨѨС
˷ܵĿƲסȫһ£ԼôƯİޱס
˷ܵĶȥˣڿסʹ׶š
š֡㡭СӨͻȻüͷ˵ֻ۵ƻһֱڸ׵Сϡ
Ųһأױ˷ܵ˵ֻ۾߶СӨǾƯϿԽԽеСӨʵڴÿˣ˷ܵǼ;͸ӵļӲˣ
롭СӨеѨ汻׵ĹͷѾ÷ǳıˣ˵ֻһ룬Ծͽüͷ˵
˾ͰСǰ涥ȥѨҲĲ룬߹ĵʣӨ𣿡
šСӨҲ֪ǻӦ׵Ļ
ͻȻСƨǰһʣİȫѨС
СӨʱȫͲһ£ΪеͷѾѨӹˣԾ̲סüͷһ
𣿡һ֮ɫСӨ
СӨûлӦ׵ĻֻǰǾƯһߣǸеѨб׵Ĵ󼦰͸ģȻеʹǴִļͰѨŵĻһֹá
׸еѨбŷǳҪǳǾ͸ӵˣּСӨûлӦģҲŵİγһЩȻֿٵĲ˽ȥ
СӨǽһüҧ´סѨеĲʣߴӺ淢΢ֻƴžԵһֱڸ׵Сϡ
׼СӨûֹԾȵһ壬˫ϥСӨ֮䣬ֲֻڴϼưСӨ۴ȵڲ࣬ʹױֱСչԼ࣬ȻͿʼƨɳ
СӨеѨле㲻ʣΪ׵ļͱϾ̫˶ˣѨȻѾʪˣǸող룬еʹģһֱǽüͷҧ´ܵԭɣϵĴӺ淢ֻƻǽĵڸ׵Сϣ뾡ø׵ĴȫԼѨС



ʮ ٸ߳
ĸļСӨǰĹ뷿ĴϣһֻԼļϵļ黭棬һֲڿ棬סӲ׶ţ˷ܵҲ
СӨȫİڸ׷Ĵϣȱ׵Сչڸ׵ߣֻƽĵڸ׵СϣϴŽ֮ɫüͷ壬ҧ´ҵȻ֪׵˶˵ԭ򣬸ող뻹ЩӦģҲֻ֪ҪһСӨͻеǳˬˣ
׹СӨ۵Ĵ֮䣬ֻڴֲڵƷֱСӨ۵Ĵڲ࣬ڴֲڵƺͰ۵ĴȾ˺ԵĶԱˣ¸״ֲڴϼƻСӨǰ۵Ĵȸˣ
ʱױ߻Ēƨɳţֻ۾ȴĶСӨ
СӨܱ׿Ĳ˼һ죬Ͱ˹ȥѨб׿ȻЩӦ֭ҲԽԽˣøÿζȫԭɣֻڸСϵİҲ˻ûаƴڸ׵ϣսȭͷƽࡣ
ﻹǸеοģСӨԸֻϵĳ죬ΪֻƾͿԿĳ죬ôֻƾͻڸ׵ˣЩϣСӨƴڸ׵ϣҿ͸ӵĸе̼˷ˣҲ֮ģ
Ÿ𽥼ӿĳͣСӨӺ淢ҲЩΪѨҲԽԽʪʺⱻִӲĦҲԽԽÿθ׵ĺͷѨʱָеЩܣ˵ЩҲ˵ʱСӨ͵
ڽ۵ⶴгǷǳΪʺĸо˵жˣͬʱеȺʪԸ׳͵ٶҲǲ֪üӿ۾ȴֱĶСزϵֻ۱鷿Ϊֻ鷿ĳͶϵҡţƵģ̫ˣ
СӨŸ׵ĳͶ΢΢ţѨеˮҲϵı˳ѾЩϱĽӴŪˣѨбִҲԽԽвɶֿвֻѨȫе˵ɺ淢Ҳűŵˡ
ڣױСӨزֻҡŵİ鷿̲סʿˮֲֻڵҲ뿪СӨֻ۴ȵڲ࣬زȥ
ǰ׸ûΪСӨһκһλǽͬˣڵӰԺѾ鷿ˣ˵һͻжģ
ױʹͦƨɳţСӨעˬȥֲֻڴϼƾͷֱ׽סСӨزֻҡŵİ鷿ȻʹŵӵĿ⿴˿СӨ΢죬˫ĿգƬԸеĺ촽ϵķ˵ʱ׵Ͼӹһϲ֪ûз鷿ԾͿʼסָ˵жˣдеԣ
šҪСӨͻȻее鷿ֲֻڵƸסţеϵϼԼ۵鷿̵ЩʹͬʱҲеǳĴ̼ĸоҲѸٵĴֻ鷿ɢȻ󴫱ȫÿ䡭
ġˬʱСе嶼˵жˣҲˡ
̵ĳϵĴϱĽ֮˳һӼˮ
ҿҲԽԽ˷ͬʱҲ֪СӨѾ״̬ˣֻҪˬҲˣΪ̫ˣһҪ˿Ŀ֣ҲҪˬ㣬Ȼˬ㣬ֻҪ鲻죬ø״Ҳһģ
ѽѽġ֡ҡҵĻˡáˬšֻвϴСӨ˵ҲǵȫѪ
ΡӨˬ͡ͺá֡Ժ󶼻ˬġױʹͦƨɳţĶ˵ͬʱֲֻڵסСӨֻ۵鷿һһţʱָͷΪӲͷ
СӨǵˬָеܣģĺû氡̫ˣϹǸжð
ͻȻ׵ֻ뿪СӨزϵ鷿ǰļѹСӨϣȻֻ۵鷿Ҳ׵ŸѹĶΣ
ͻĶСӨһʹƿ׵壬߾ʧɫĶԸ˵֡ѹϰ
ſѹСӨϣ׻ǵһΣеرĴ̼˷ܣΪСӨǳѩôͻرѹסֻ۱鷿ˬȥˣԾƾСӨô壬ǽļѹšƨȴûͣʹͦţСӨѨзɿĽ
ҪǸһֱڳţƾôСпܻᱻСӨƿģעȫڰˣԸƲѹϵС塣
ҼǰѹСӨϣʱĪӿһɴ⣬ɴϾͱ̼ѹȥˣҷСӨѹŸеرĴ̼
š֡СӨûȫʧȥǣȻ׳ĸеرǻűѹǲԵģҲǳļˣԱֻ۵ȭȭôŸ׵ĺ󱳣߷
ӨðѹһɡױʹĒƨɳţ߰ѴſڳζĿʹСӨĶ˷ܵĶ˵
СӨæһߣѨб˶ˬ뻹øѹһɡ
׼СӨĬˣʱ쳣ϲȻ߳ţСӨ󻬵ĲĦš
СӨеǳزֻ鷿Ѿ׵Žļѹţټϸ׵Ħ۵еʵ̫ˣֻమŮŻôĶԼ͸ֲమôܱӽѹס壬ĦأԽԽеȴĪĸе˴̼ˣϹҲ֪Ǹ׵գһԼ
СӨ뵽ǵûٷˣ紺ź۵۲ڸ׵ĲϣǱ׵˶ٵ÷ǳƲסķ˵ġˬš̫ˬˡ
׼СӨĲĲϣʱ˷ܵĻҵĲһ£ٶȾ͸ˣʱֻļѹСӨѩ׵ĽϣƨɷɿĒţѨзٵĽôģôγģֳٶҶ̾磡
ѽѽѽġˬˬˡšÿζӹˡܲˡҪˡСӨַһĳٶȸˬö쵽߳ˣټϱܵĽһ𣬴̼ѨеĿУʹҲ̲סҪ߳ˣ
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ˡˡѨеĿһһСӨҲ̲סĴﵽ˸ֻ߳˷ܵĺţҵĲţԲ۽Ĳڸ׵ĲϣھǸƿ壬Ҳøƿġ
ײ㱻СӨѨӿһˮˬҪˣҺԿԻסûĶѨ棬СӨӵˬ
ҼСӨôʹﵽ˵һθ߳ĪĸеԼƽʱôŬСӨûֻһʹﵽ˸߳ҼĲڸ׵ĲϣּȫҵĲţҾ֪ǷǳģҸеرĲѵ
׺ԽԽСӨˣ֪ﵽ˸߳Ծֹͣ˳壬ҰĶѨУеӵˬ
СӨۻǽĲڸ׵Ĳϣزϵֻ۵Ҳڸ׵ϣ߳죬ȫ΢΢ţн͸Ჿڸ׵ϺͲϣ۵ĴȽļס׵ƨ࣬һֱڸŸ߳ζ
ʱĸ׿˵޸ǳˣڵС屻СӨѩţƽʱ붼飡еǳ˷ܣѨҲ˷ܲͣĲš
ҼСӨڸ׵壬Īӿһɴ⣬ΪСӨָ߳׵ĴҲǼٸģȻǴûиСӨˬģִأ
ͻȻСӨһӴӸ׵ĲϻʱͨģղŸ̫߳ˬˣȻıŸס
̧֣ѹҴˡ߳СӨҲָǣסæԸ˵
ΡӨո㱧Űֵİ׻׳ŵӶСӨ˵ûаСӨĻ̌
ҡСӨʱͱ˵ԶˣֻԽԽ죬Ȼҧҧ´˵֣ڡ桭
˶ʱ쳣ľϲԼʹˣǲǲʹˣˣԾϲɻעСӨ˵һΡ
֣ѵû𣿻ѽСӨǸŮˣȻ֪ɻ˼ˣʱҲúЦֻҪԼССݣͻֳŵı飬Īľø̫ˣԺҪССݣ
ٴȷСӨ˼ʱϾӹһϲæ̧߶Լ˵Өû뵽һãлл㣡
֣ҶãΪգҲš²ΪҲ֪СӨ˵滰ҽڣҲԼˣ
һģһģǺǣҲ˵ţָգСӨҲһԴģ
˵գ׾æڴϣСһڣȥɱڣŻ˵ģ
СӨ˵һǸеܾϲģеԼǺ˵ģȻôȻŮ˿һҲܻϵģ
һ죬ҧҧȻͳȶڸ׵СϣȼѨöĳڣ
׶ûдӾϲлعͼСӨѾȶСˣʱ۾һֻǰֻ۵ķf鷿źֺɫͷȴǸĿ
ͻȻ׸еһֻǳƸסͱ̧ܵͷһֻСӨԼС棬ȼĽѨҲǱ¶ԼУѨΪղŵĸ߳ûк£ȥʵ̫ˣּһֻСסԼĴִΪ׵ӲЩ̵ģ԰ڴϣЩС̵ģСӨҪסٷȻ׼ȼⶴڡ



ڶʮ ߳
׼˾͸ӵ˷СӨסҲŲͣĲš
СӨȻܸеĲˣʱһ죬븸һ˷֮Уôˣôĳ㣬ҪľǸжðתһ룬ľϾͶҵϣʮˣͶҵ䣬ҪǮأ
סҧ´СӨƬ۵Ĺ⻬ƨѹ˶ĹͷҲİƬ۵СѨС
𽥵ı뽿۵ѨУֽ壬Ⱥʪĸоʹˬ̲ס
ڣ˶ȫûѨУСӨһαȸտʼǴ˳ˣΪѾﵽһθ߳ѨЩɵģ滹ǺʪģСӨͲѴ֮ѸִûѨˣ
ûѨк󣬸׸еһⶴУʺޱȵԸ̲סĺ
ʱСӨڸ׵С棬ǵĽӴѾȫĺϱڣмһķ϶ûУҲ˵Ѿ͸׵һˣҲֻ޲Żܵһ𡣶Լ͸ֲޣһϱϵϱĽɷʹСӨĪĸеرĴ̼
еƬѩ׹⻬ִŵԵƨԼϣ׸еر˷ܣӣСӨѾȫԼŮˣԼĶϱֲֻڵƲ쵽СӨ⻬ĴϿʼĸţָǲ˵ˣ⻬ϸ壬ʵл
ʱСӨԷ£ֻƵڸڶʵϣƬѩƨͱܵ
ҿĵһִ⣬ĽʾͲɶҲǷǳĸӣһЩԹСӨԼǷޣÿκʱҪ任ƣֱӸܾˣĿǰΪֹĻƣȶڸСϵŮµƾԼΪϹҲûܹȴôõܴҵôܲԴףܲʼܲԹСӨ˽
תһ룬ԼֲҲһֱίˣԼεģڸ׵Ŀ֮ʱ׵ҲԸģ㣬ƣҲ쾭壡һ뵽еĴ⣬ʼԹʧˣʣֻǴ̼˷ܣ
׼СӨֻƵԼϣʱĪ˷ּǰֻ۵鷿۾񱻴סƵģĿתĶֻʱ鷿ͬʱҲ˿ˮ
ͻСӨӺ﷢˽ԭѩƨ̧ѹѨеҲűγֱû
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šššСӨֻƽ֧ڸ׵ϣ̧ƨɣ߷˵
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ӺСӨЩˣ̧ƨˣǿʼתתĦѨееѨԽԽͿƲסġˬš
ҲҲеѨбתĦ쳣Ҳ̲סĺֲֻڵƻһֱסСӨزϵֻʹţѱܰ۵鷿ĺ
ҿֿʼԹˣСӨ鷿ôĽۣϹôʹ鷿ȴŰֻ۵飡СӨҲǵģﲻֹأ
ġˬˬˬˡˡšСӨǵһתĶ벻Чôãȳ廹ԱʹĻζƬѩƨתţš
׵СӨתĦķǳּˬķʱͱǵȫѪ̫˷˵ԭ򣬾ȻСӨҲζ壡
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ġҪˬˡҪҪˡͻȻСӨ˷ܵĺţֻȫҵĲ˼£Ȼٴδﵽ߳
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߳СӨȫûһȻſ˸ϣزֻ۵鷿Ҳļѹڸ׵ϣдٵ
׼СӨһεĸ߳͸¶ϲ֮ɫ˵ѩſϣʱ쳣˷ֲֻڴϼƷ֬ĺ󱳼ĸš
СӨſڸ׵ϸŸ߳ζ̫ˬˣÿκ͸׻ﵽ߳ϹԲܸУŻϸ׿ȻʹҪҲĪĴӦףȻÿº󶼻е쳣һоҲ͸еôˣ
ͻȻеѨеôļӲģ׾ȻûʱСӨ־ϲǸ׶ʮˣôôʢϲԼһΣ
Ǹ߳Ҳеָ˵ԭ򣬷Լſڸ׵ϣҺ󱳱״ֲڵƸִʹĸоʱͨæӸ׵ϷѨеҲԶĻ˳Ȼͨİڸ׵ߣ
ӨתȥſڴϣִӺ𣿡׿ΪСӨʲô¶˳ģǽǣڵӰԺ˫ϣǸղ棬ЩѾ֤ͻǰޣſڴϲҲͬ⣬Ծͳȴ˳
Уû뵽СӨܼľܾˡ
ǡǰֵġױ˵߿ȻӲִ
㡭ɡСӨȻ֪׵˼ˣʱһ죬Ȼ˵
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˵գ׾ͷСӨһİƵĴſˡ
ҼСӨһδﵽ߳׾ȻûҶʱҲ׵ʢסˣ׵ȻôСȴô˵ľҲʢľǸжð
ʱСӨſѩ׵ĴȣҶԽԽеˣԭСӨԸ߳öεģǰֻܸһС߳ĺò
ɸ״㣬ҵĲ֮ҲЩתֻҪСӨ㣬Ҳģ
תʱֻػеĸѾſСӨѩ׵Ͽʼ䶯ƨˡ
šššСӨַ˵ˬˣ
ʱҼСӨȷֱڸֻ࣬Ƶڸ׵СϣѾֻ߳ˣø룬ԲŻ˫Ƶڸ׵СϣԷһ
̵ĳӼػд˳СӨ˵ǵֿʼȫѪ
ΡӨ𣿡׵ֲֻƵСӨ۴ȵڲ࣬ʹĒƨɳţ˷ܵ
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׮ƵѨеţѨбĵˮĴɽСӨ˫ı϶ѾʪһƬˣ
ҿСӨ۵Ѩôִ޼ɵĵţֿʼԹ𸸣ϧСӨǽ廹ѨȥǷǳĽۣǾסôֱأ
СӨҲǵģΪβֹأΪһ٣ٶأԽԽеߣƽʱСӨɴûݹҵģȴԸôݣǸеܲƽˣ
ͻȻҼػϵĸװϷſСӨѩ׽ϣزϵֻ鷿׵ŸѹĶΣ༷ѩ׵鷿⡣СӨȻȸ߸̧ļڸ׵ƨϣֻ紺ź۵ҲĲڸ׵ĲϣצƵȫڸ׵ϡ
ģҵĶʱСӨôأִҲûģھȻôõĴоĪӿһɴ⣬һԹСӨôԸأ
ġֲˡҪˡӺͻСӨ˷ܵĺڸϵ֫ҲԽԽ
׿֪СӨҪ߳ˣƴĒƨɿٵĳţһ㣬б˷ܵĴżٵĺ˵ΡӨһҲҪˡ
֡Ҫҡ桭񡭽ҵΣڡġˡҪˡֽҪͷСӨǵýΣڣҲΪˡ
ӨסҲҪˡҲڽҪͷûСӨ˵ĻֻʹĒƨɳţ˷ܵĶСӨ˵
ѽѽѽˡ֡桭γġˡСӨ˷ܵĺֻҵĲһˮִѨӿ˳
ڽͷСӨĻˣСӨѨǲģСӨﵽ߳һ˲䣬æҪ˳
ͷմѨаγֻһɰɫľҺʹ˳СӨѩ׹⻬СϣںϣʪĽ˵Ѩϣ۴ȵڲϣȫǸ׵ľҺ
ʱ׵ȷʵе㻬ΪƨɺͲӶСӨ֫סγòƨɣ뿪СӨѨ
ģ׵ľҺôôʢҵĻĶ࣬ұ˷ܵţ߰ڿѵϣΪղҲСӨ͸׶˳ҺҪȸ׵ٺܶ࣡
ϢһСӨͨİ֫Ӹ׵ƨϺͲϻȻ쳣ĵԸ˵֣Ͻֽһ¡
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ãСӨһ죬ܼľܾ˸ס
ֻðеֽݸԼɣ
СӨӹֽͨķϲ



ڶʮһ ͬ
Ÿ׵棬ſȲɾСӨѾͨˣȻæ´ĻŻŵ˯ȹƵ뿪˸׵ķ䣡ְѸһɵڷ
ҼСӨ׵ķ䣬Īĸеʧϲ㸸˯һҹˣȻеʧСӨԸ׵ĸִҲѾҸеʮֵ˷ˣȻСӨԸѾôŵĿˣԺϣģ
Ϊ侫ˣҲ˺ܼ飬Ҿͷ´ȥϴһ£Ҹ֪ҷ´ʱ򣬲СİѹͷϵЩҺŪˡ
СӨŵ˯ȹӻķ䣬æ䣬ϴʱСӨԽԽеԼôˣôĶԴףǣŮλ֫ơ
뵽СӨѾȣҧҧ´ĪĸڸղűŪθ߳ÿεĸ߳оˬĸо˶ҪˬȥˣĸоϹǾԸԼģûиףԼһҲ᲻ĸоԭôˬ
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ҴصСӨĹ뷿ڴʱֻһ׵ķѿһˣﴫϴҹŸϴ裬ҿɲ򿪸ļأ˵ҲûⰮãһǴԼļػ棬ѾˣСӨҲѾڴ˯ˣ
ڰŽ϶ûϷˣСӨһθ߳һˣô˯ˣ׵ҲģôʱˣһҲĵĲˣϴһҲ˯ģ
Ҹ֪ڵӰԺﶼһˣǲСӨĵһθ߳أ֪ˣһȵģ
ҸղҲ侫ˣƣ룬˵컹Ҫϰ࣬˯ĸңҪ˶಻˼СӨ͸Ǳ߽Ͽ϶ѾûϷˣ
Ҳ֪ǼˣСӨͻȻת˸ϰԵ̧ұۺһȻûдκζʱͱˣ֪ϾֻԼһˣͬʱҲϹϹ˯˾İ칫ԷԼ͸ס
һ뵽СӨʱͨ͸׵봦Լһθ߳ԺĻط˯ˣҰϹԼҲˣѾ¾Ҫ㸸˯һҹģҲã㸸˯Σ
ܵİ쵽ͷֻһѾҹһˣСӨǵôӸ׷ʱǿʮˣԼղѾ˯һСʱˣ
ЩʱСӨȻеЩƣ룬ϰߺϹ˯һһôҲ˯ˣ֪ôǲ̤ʵ
ȥôҲ˯ŵʱֻϢͻȻʱͱһô˭ԼϢأִܵͷֻһʱͲĺһ£ΪֻʾǸ׷ϢôϢأϲǸôĴ𣿻֪㣿
СӨ߲İţ߱ܵĵ㿪ϢӨ˯ûУ
СӨ˾ҧҧ´ҹˣң˭ҹ˯벻ظ׵ϢΪԼѾ˯ˣǲ֪Ǹ񾭲ԣָȻĸ׻Ϣȥûأ
ȥСӨѹ¾ͺĪģôˣʱԽԽе޵ˣ
ϾͻعˣӨҲ˯Ű
СӨĪĻһšȥ
Ҳ˯ŰӨлл㣡ֵһιգĺܿģεհһҲǲ˵ģлл㰡׷˵
СӨϢһ죬˵˼ǳҧҧ´ֻŻͷߣΪеҹ͸ֻ죬ʵΪףԾͲٻظ׵Ϣˣ
ֻһյһ׵ϢӨΪʲô˯Űǲǿ˯أ
СӨȻĪĸ׻عȥһš֣
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СӨ˺Ϲ飬ʱĪĸе˴̼˷ܣѾ㸸˯ͷˣ͸ˣҲˣԼ֫ˣ˯һϹԸҲ൱Ĵ̼ǶԺ͸׵ķչҲкôԼ°뱲ӵԸٿµĴ
ҪСӨȻѶˣǿɲϴӦףҪỳԼǸŮˣԲŻôֹȥ
ǡַɡַ˵
ҲԣСӨҧҧ´˹ȥΪѾ˸׵Ը϶һֱȥģ
ӨˣڼˣһܰǶˣʲôΪأ˵ֲ֪ģֵķɣòã׷ϢǺǰ
СӨ˺ҧҧ´ź͸ͬһҹǸе쳣Ǹе˴̼˷ܣԺҪԼϵ󣬻ֺ͸һЩʱһᣬ¶ģǲûи׻ϢȥҪȥķˣһϲ
΢СӨ˴ֻһԸеİ¶˯ȹʲôҲûдűߣǵ뿪ʱԥ˺һȻҧҧ´һᣬʹ˷ţұ߾Ǹ׵ķš
ʱСӨվڸ׵ķ⣬ĶǾŵģֻҪȷţͻ͸ͬһҹˣϹĿధ̼˷ܣԥһ󣬻ƿ˸׵ķš
ΡӨ˰ڣڴϵĸͻȻСӨƿ˷ţʱͱϲĴӴϵȻſڽĵСӨĿ͸¶ǰƵģ
ǼٵҪ𣿡СӨܾ͸еǳˣͻ׾ϲѿڶ˵ôһ仰ʱ͸еӵˣȻ֪Ҳ̫ϲԭŻô˵ģǴŲ˵Ը˵
ô˼Өǧᰡ졭Źˡæ˵СӨͻȻת뿪Ƶģ
СӨѾ¾ˣô˵Ҳû̫ƽϣֻ٣΢죬Ȼҧҧ´תŸˣ
һ˵жྪϲ˷ˣȻɵˣڴ϶֪ˣ
СӨǰʱ׻ûѹֻ˫ĿĶСӨǲϢǰƵģ
ɣСӨĿڴģָеοּûиŲλãû˵һ䡣
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֣ȶ˵ǿյķϣ˯ģǣ㲻һ£ҪҾͻԼȥģŮ˾ôӣҪϸ׵ĴˣƷ
֪֪ģϴɣæӦţһѵСһ˹ȥóĿռСӨҪƵģ
СӨź˴Ͱ˵İת˹󱳺ƨɳŸףѾǺܺˣŵĶŵģ
ȷʵСӨһľ룬Ǵֻһͷ׸ղŰƵһȥԴûͷˣϰ߲˯ͷԾͱ߰תСӨСӨ˯һͷ𣿡
㣡СӨһ˵֣
˶ʱϾӹһϲȻͰСӨĺŲ˹ȥĺ󱳴ʮֵľֹͣˣΪĺԴѾͷˣ
Ǻ͸ͬˣСӨ˯⣬ź͸е̼ˣ
ϴԵζһ״żٵĺʱҲԽԽ˺Ϲͬ⣬ûк͵ڶ˯һŴϹھȻԼĹϹĸ˯һŴϣôܲеźأתһ룬ӻĸеرĴ̼أ
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СӨȫ΢΢һ£׵˼ҪԼͬһˣҲ̫˰ɣҹȫǸеЩģбӣһǲϰߣ汻ˣԾֻĴӱšһ
׼ͬˣʱ͸¶ϲ֮ɫȻæӸСӨԼϣǸ׻ʵֻǸǱӵʱСĴһСӨ⣬ľûٴ壡
ʱϱȻͬһͬһӣм仹ЩģСӨǲŵģ泯⣬󱳺ƨɶŸȴ泯СӨĺ󱳺ƨɣмֻ˶ʮֵľ룡СӨҲѾеرĽźˣܵİһţ
֣˯ɣСӨӺ󱳴׵ļٵĺ͸ӵĽΪ֪׿֮¶Ѿθ߳ˣ׻ҪԼĻܲ˵ģԾͳѸף
Ө˯ţأ˯𣿡Ҳʵʵ˵һκôƯĶϱͬ˭ܻ˯ģǸɵӡ
СӨȻҲ˯ŵģʱͷڿţȣһţһЩ΢΢¸׻ͻȻ§ס壡Ȼʹǿأ˸׵Ļ֪ôĻˣԾ˵һ䣺˵أ
͸¶ϲ֮ɫȻ֪СӨҲ˯ŵģæ˵ӨȻǶ˯ţǾ𣿡
ȣСӨӦһΪֽεţһ£
׼СӨͬˣֲ֪ʲôԾͰҲ벻
ô˵ˣСӨװҲû
Ө˵ô죿˻⡣
СӨ΢΢һ£벻׻ʳĻҧҧ´󣬾̾һ˵һһɣ
Өһÿ֪ˣô찡׻Ǻܵĵʵ
СӨȻ֪һֱ֧͸׵ģֻײ֪ˣڼ£ﰵҪҪͿһ£ø֪ˣ쵣£
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Өôܲأ֪ÿκһ𣬰ֶĵģ״źµĿ˵
СӨҲ֪ôԸˣ
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ʵСӨҲ֪͸׵ʲôģĿǰһһڸ׵Ļᱻ֣һҲģ
Ǿ˯ɣСӨ˵һ䡣
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ҪôСӨ˾ͱܵʵ
Ҫ§˯ɡڴŵӵ˵˳
УСӨǾһ£ȻֱӾܾˣ
׼СӨôľܾͺε̾һ
֣ʱ䲻ˣ컹Ҫϰأ˯ɣǣɲңҪһԼģСӨ˵ž;游ףȻŲŲ壬ҵһеƺ󱳶Ըײţ׼˯ˣ
ˣǱСӨĻŻסˣȻҲ˹ȥ󱳶СӨĺ󱳣м仹ʮֵľ룬һ¶СӨϻ˼˯ŵģƲסСӨģ
ʱͰҲ֪ϱ˯ˣǼװ˯



ڶʮ ҹ
ҹҲ֪Ǽˣʵһֱû˯ŵģҲǣôһɰĶϱͬ˯ô˯أ
һֱǲ󱳶СӨŵģһţһҶ¾СӨ
һСӨζʹ׸ӵûһ˯ˣ
ǳܣԴСӨ뷿䣬׿֮ѾˣһֱֵڣСӨֲһֱӲŵģ
СӨĺϵĴ֪Ѿ˯ˣֲ͵͵һĻԼķ˯鷳ˣ
ʱԸ˵ֱĥ˯һôƯĶϱȴܴһ£˼һֱǼӲģҷǳܣ
ڸ׸еΣĥܵʱͻȻСӨ˵ת˹ǰ˸׵ĺϣδȸ׷ӦֻСӨһ紺ź۵ۺһҲһ˸׵ϡ
ױСӨͻȻľٶǾһȻϾ͸¶ϲ֮ɫΪеСӨ˯У϶˯ϰԾٶԼɿˣ
׵ͻȻСӨŲţ־ú󱳱ָֻеԵı鷿ѹţʱͼڿҲӵļӲˣô죿ô죿תһ룬СӨԼģҲͲԼˣ
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׵ĺԽԽļӲñСӨŵϥǸѹסԾ͸еܵҪ
ת˿СӨǰľƯİȣ˯ء
׸е޸ǳСӨϣһۺһȻֱź˫ϣͬʱҲеܵҪΪ֮ѾʼЩʹˣ
ͻȻ̧һֱ۷СӨͷϣ벻Ȼͷ̧æѷͷǽ׵ĺϣʱ͸еֽ˷ܣǼСӨһֱ˯һ֪СӨ˯лǰԼɿˣ
Ȼ޸ҲǳǸ׵Ҳ൱ŵģҪһСӨˣԼĻУ϶ΪԼ§סģǺҲǲģ
ʱĸһҲҶ¾ѵСӨСӨζ˵ʹƶƲסˣǰСӨϵֻƵزϣСĴǸʱ鷿ϣȻ˯ȹ˯ȹǵ˿ĶܸоһӲͷסָסȴִŵԵ鷿⣡
׽ĺҲԽԽСӨ鷿ϵǲҶ¾СӨֻһƶָˣȻʼ
šСӨͻȻһ
׶ʱͱһΪСӨԼˣܵת˿СӨֻ˯нһһҲʹĵԽԽƾȻʼʹ
֣㡭СӨܱ鷿ϵˣͻȻ۾Լڸ׵Ļ׵Լ鷿סţʱͱŵõɴ۾Ÿף
Өǵģҽ͡׶ʱҲŵòᣬæСӨš
ѺСӨ֪Լһֱۺһȶڸ׵ϣʱͨ죬æ常׵Ļиѳ
ǸͻȻһֽץסϵۣŴϵҲһȸסˣ
СӨʱʹ߳ŭԸ˵֣Ǹѽ˵˵𣿲ģ㻹ſ
ӨǧԩְԼ˯аתڰֻеİױѹסСӨۺȣѳæŶ˵
СӨͨΪŸ˵ĻԼϰԣҹ˯оڿеģԾҧ´֨ˣ
ӨǶöˣͲҪôˣֲ֪ڰֵĻаȵ˯̤ʵɣ𣿡׼ͨ죬һֱҧ´ּò֨Ծæȴ˵š
֣˯Ⱦ𣿡СӨͻȻͨĶԸ׻
Өôˣ׺СӨ˵Ļˣæ
㡭طСӨѾĶ˵ˣԻŵϥڸ׵ĿĦ£
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ҡ׻Ĳұ֤أΪ§ôһƯĶϱ˯˭ұ֤ģ
µӣСӨˣҪǰѸ׿Ȼιˣǲ˯ˣԾһ죬Ȼҧҧ´ʹԸ˵֣ҪҪ˵ǲ˼˵
ӨҪҪ׼ߵĶ˼˵Ծʹ˷ܵæ
㱿ѽ˵ҪѽСӨߵķʸף
ҲǸܱˣСӨĻ󣬶ʱ׹ˣȻ쳣ϲæ˵ӨˣˣҪһǲǣ
˻ңǵģСӨˣʹıһ˵
ӨĴθ߳ˣĿ𣿡סеϲú˷ܣĵСӨ
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˶ʱ쳣ľϲ˷ܣȻСӨԸж˯ȹĶ棬ڷûпƣڱ棬ԸʲôҲСӨһģһһë֪СӨûдڿ㣬ʱ쳣ľϲ
СӨĶ˯ȹͻȻϣͱɳˣҲɵһȣָе壬Ҳûзԣֻҧҧ´
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СӨȻ֪ǹģѹԼ壬뷴ԵģղŶ§ڻ˯ˣˣȻͰһֻ쵽С棬סѨҶ˶ȻѹͷǣѨڣʹ˵һ䣺֣
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𣿡׼СӨʹĺ˳͹ĵСӨͬʱҲеѨŷǳ
㲻СӨ߰˸һ˵ڸ׵һ£ģһ㽿
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Өܲܰ˯ȹˣ׵ССݣͿʼˣ
СӨԥһ󣬾ȻҲͬˣţ㱻ѹҰ
͸¶ϲ֮ɫæѹСӨ˫ϵֱϵıҲͻ
СӨ׵ֱȼ䣬İϵ˯ȹ
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ŶͰѨг֮Ȼֲ˽ȥͬʱееģ
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Ҳֻ֪ܻСӨҧ´Ӻ﷢΢
ںҹСӨ׻ǵһΣԺĿСӨ׻壬ϵı飬ֻӺ﷢ָоʹ׸еر˷ܣԼĶϱھԲΣʵʵڲԼôƯĶϱ
ԽԽ˷ܣԳٶҲ֪мӿʱֻеѨҲԽԽʪҶˡ
šššСӨ֮ǰӺ﷢ͷ˵ˡ
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ġšСӨԽԽеˬѨеĿһֱϵȫɢȻ󴫱ȫÿ񾭣ˬʹźǣزϵֻ鷿ȴԽԽеЩͣĺԼסţֲΪᱻΪǸŮˡ
̵ĳҹвϵټСӨ͸׼ٵĺ͸Ϣ
ѽѽѽֶ֡ˡġҪˡš֡㡭ҵ鷿ʱСӨѾȫʧˣȻҪֻ鷿
̫˵ԭ򣬸׿СӨزϵֻų»ζŵ鷿ԸûҪ鷿ģΪֲͷֻۣѰСӨϥҲڲˣǰ죬ǿŵƵģͻᱻСӨزϵֻʱյסˣʱСӨôһ˵ŻȻ򣬾æֻƴϥ˳ȻͷֱסСӨزֻ۵鷿ʼ
ѽѽѽġˬˬ̫ˬˡСӨֻܵ鷿ͻȻֲֻڵƷֱסţʱˬеȫˣ̲סķ֮



ڶʮ ٴθ߳
ױʹĒƨɳţ˷ܵסСӨزָֻеԵ鷿ţˬٶҲԽԽɿ
ֻ˶ѨвټĳţôγôȥģֻеѨеˮϵı˳ѾʪˣкܶĭһӵҺۻڰϣһĳ̶ȣ͵˴ϣټϴѨֱڴϵˮԴʱĴѾʪһƬˣ
šġˡ̫֡ˡʱСӨѾˬҪѾ״ˣֻƯƾȻڸ׵Ĵϸ
ܳĸױǵ˷ܵİСӨôôе쳣ľϲԺԼԽԽԸˣԾƴСӨٶҲѾ˼ˣܻ˭ܱȵʱĳٶˣ
ͻȻֻСӨֻƴӸ׵Ĵ뿪Ȼץסֱۣʹǰ
׼͸¶ϲ֮ɫΪ֪СӨѹϣʱ׾ͰŽļѹסֻʱİ鷿еرˬԼƯϱ鷿
۵鷿ԼŸѹӲ˳
šššСӨĿвϵķǴԭ紺ź۵۽ڸ׺ϣֻƯƾȻڸ׸ɰͰ͵ĺʹš
ֱСӨôľֹǵȫѪԽԽеԼ̫ԸˣҲСӨѾȫԼ֮ˣԵεѹСӨѩ׵ǰϣߒƨƴĳţֲֻ߰ڵסСӨƯİӣҲһסСӨеְֹ⻬һЩȣʱ˷ܵſڳζĿʹСӨƬԸƯ촽ʱȴƸˣ֡ӵġ
ԼƯѾֲֻڵƸסˣѾǶĶˣԼͣСӨͲͬˡ
ӨڰôƴķϣðһͰɣ𣿡ױƴĒƨɳţߴſͰСӨ
ԡѽˬСӨ˵ȻʱѾǳˬˣǲøͣ
Өͣһòã׻ǲĵĿధš
СӨĵڸ׵°ϣǲ죺֡ˣ˵пڳζһܲ˵ģ
Ө˼˵Ҫûпڳζðˣǲǣ״˷ܵСӨעȫͶ뵽ˣԾͲ֪õֹͣ˳Ķ
ţСӨҧ´ԥ˺һȻӦһΪø׵ĿڳζԵģôܻ᲻أԻȴӦ˵
׼СӨͬˣ϶ʱ͸¶ϲ֮ɫǲĵһ䣺˵𣿡
ĴƭˣСӨûİ˸һ˵
ûûУǺǣ׸˵˵
СӨͻȻеѨзǳŷָֹͣ˳壬쳣ˬѨͻȻ͸еԾæʸף֣ͣˣ
Ŷײ֪ԼʱѾֹͣ˳壬ֿʼƨʹĳ
šššѨֿʼˬСӨֲķ˵
ֲ֡ˡԷ𣿡׵°һֻСӨƸסеŲ߶ȵĳ壡Ծ
СӨһ죬ȻæƴӸ׵°Ϸ˵Ҳҵˣˣ
ѾûҪ˼ˣԾͰֲֻڵƷ£
СӨеϵİƤЩʹͰһ۸˵֣ôֲڣҵĶŪʹˣ´αˣ֪𣿡
֪֪ģʵҲأշƣͼСӨϸƤԼֲڵƸЩˣԾæӦš
ҹˣҪˣͿһɣСӨ˵
õģõģα֤ģæӦ˵ȻͿʼʹĒƨɳ
ʱѨоֿʼ쳣СӨ紺ź۵Ҳ̧ڸ׵Ĳϣزϵֻ۱鷿͸ӽ˸׵ϣͬʱҲƲסķ
̵ĳҹˣ߰ӺСӨͻȻ˷ܵĺѽѽѽġˡҪˡ
СӨ˷ܵĺ֪ϾҪﵽ߳ˣԾƴĳθҲΪ֪СӨѾöθ߳ˣ˵컹ҪϰأԾԽʹĿٳֻСЩȣЩҪĸо֪ҲҪԾ˷ܵĺţӨҲҪˡ
ġҪˡ֣㲻氡ΣڡġˡСӨ˷ܵĺֻ۽Ĳڸ׵ĲϣȻ忪ʼҵĲţһˮƲסĴѨӿ˳Ѿﵽ˸߳
ҲҪͷͻȻһˮķǳȫҲҵĲ˼º󣬾һˮͷһɾҺֱСӨѨС
֡ôˣġܰСӨеѨбһɹ̵ľҺķǳˬֱҪˬˣͻȻ춼ԼΣڣԾͱŵɫ԰ˣ
ԡԲ𡭸ղŰָе̫ˬˣԾûüγô찡ҲЩҪǰԼϱĶӸˣǶӿ϶ĲԼģҲԵ÷ǳĽ뺦£
㡭γСӨҲǱŵöʧɫˣԼΣڣҪǻϹ֣ǿô찡
㡭ֱܲܰ۷°Щε˵
СӨ˲֪ԼۻǽĲڸ׵Ĳϣʱһ죬Ȼæɿ׵ĲӣԲ۾ʹӸ׵ĲϻʹŽԸ˵֣γ
׼̬أԾæֱȻͰСӨѨа˳ʱֻһɾҺѨ˳ȻСӨѨĻٵջȻֱɼıϡ
СӨ׵ѾγˣæӴſȣʹѾʪѨ¶ţȻͱߵͷԼȼ䣬ָ߰Ѩ棬ľҺ˳
ΡӨỳ˰ɣСӨĽͷ߿СӨڿѨľҺߴŵӵ
Ҳ֪ڳ˵ɣСӨҲŽźͺµԸ˵󣬾ʹűԹ˵㲻Ҫ棬㻹棿ڶ֪ôˣ
ӨǰֲãӦû°ɣֶʮˣˣС˵
СӨҲԣֱԼٳô࣬ҲЩˣﻹЩĵģͶԸ˵֣ѵƿһ£
æѵƸˣʱ׵۾ֻСӨȫڴϣϵļʤѩǰֻʱѩ鷿źֺɫɫͷ鷿Ķ⴦ѩ׵鷿ԱȣԵرĿСӨſѩ׵ĴȣȼѨȫ¶ţͷԼȼ䣬ָѨڿľҺѨ¶ѾȫǰĭһҺ壬˫ıҲѾʪһƬ
ˣֽĵͻȻˣСӨЩߺ죬ֻ۾ֱĶʹԸ
˱ӦһæڴͷϳһЩֽݸСӨȻֻ۾ֶСӨ˽
СӨ߽ӹֽѨϲŷٴκ͸̹ˣҲû˵뿴ɣ
˺öκֽø˺üˣѨĸɸɾˣŷȻ̧ͷ׻ԵĶԼȼ俴ּĿ仹ʪģ¾ûĶ˵֣㻹Ϲʲôѽĳɾ
һΣȻæֽȻСӨڿ
㡭תСӨһ죬ʹԸ˵
ױ߰ƨ˹ȥ߶˵ֲûҪתȥ
һŮ˶ӵģºͻ¶һ棡ȾŮ˵˵ͬ˿վ·߾ͳŮ˾ͲͬˣŮ˱ܵķӦɣ
ײɾ󣬾תʱϾ͸¶ϲ֮ɫΪСӨѾڴˣҲűӣѩ׵嶼סˣ˵Լһ˯ģ
סеĿϲСӨı棬СӨ˵һ䣺Ȱѵƹˣ
æ˵ƣʱһƬȻ׾СӨıУȻĴⲻ˵ģ
СӨûоҪ壬ΪҲ뿪ˣڶθ߳ˣʲ˼ģԵ뱻§ѩ˵ʱҲûпһİڸ׵ĻС
ʱĸǰŵģһֱСӨ޳ĺϣСӨڸ׵ϣһ۴ڸ׵ϣһҲŴڸ׵˫ϣȻزϵֻʱеԵ鷿Ҳļѹڸ׵Ĳ
ʱСӨȻеЩԼڸ׵Ļ˯ȴеرĴ̼ԼĹϱɵĹϵʹеرĴָ̼оԼϹȫǲһģ
Ҹ׿Ǹˣ§ôƯĶϱ壬˭˵ҪģܼСӨ˳ԵҲһҲСӨ֬ĺ󱳼ĸš
СӨʱ͸е󱳵ļϱĵϼ̵ЩʹǸед̼ҲŸ׵ĴֲƷĺϸˡ
Өղ𣿡״˷ܵСӨ
ţСӨҲŤŤˣҲʵʵ˵һθ߳ˣȫȻЩǸеرǿԲܸģ
ӨֻҪҪ˰ֵҲκһԹԣ׷ǳ˵
֣ǧ˵ҪΪô찡СӨĻûоԾͿڶ˵˳˵󣬲֪ԼĻЩףʱһ¡
̲סһϲСӨĻǸԼԺԸҪԼˣͺЦŶ˵ӨǱģֻҪԺأǺǡ
˵գͰСӨ󱳵쵽ǰ۹⻬ƨġ
ǵСӨһȣû˵һ䣺ǸԺҪˣ
Ǻǡ˴ŲƵЦЦ
СӨ͸ӵĸеˣˣ˯ɣ
˯ɣױ߽˽СӨѩ壬˵ţΪеرˣ˵Ǿϲ벻СӨȻԼĻԼ˯
СӨϰԵŲŲ壬ҵһе˸׵Ļ棬۾׼˯
ʱͰֻ״żٵĺСӨ
Ȼ۾׼˯ǵһڹĻ˯СӨô˯أڵ龰ҲеϹΣǰģҪûпе޷ȥˣȴڹĻУĺܾöԲϹҲϹԼ£˭أ
СӨں˼ʱͻȻĺӨ
ţСӨܵӦһ֪Լ϶˷ܵ˯ģ
Ө˵µԸĻʵ𣿡ʵ
ţӦûʵְɣ˶ô˵ءСӨӦһ߶Ը˵
̫ˣǺǣ˾쳣˵˵ֲڵƷСӨѩ׹⻬ƨḧš
֣ʲôԸư˵ģСӨȻЩ֪׻ʲôԸǲ
Ө֪־͸ˣױ§СӨߴ˷ܵ˵
֪СӨͷӦ˹¸˵εģԾͲ븸˵
Ө㡭Ϊʲô֪ʱѾСӨˣ˵ʲôӦͻȻֲ֪ˣæ
⡭µԸҪǸ߱ˣͲˣСӨߺ˵
ɣЩŵ˵
ô˵أ֣˯ɣСӨ׷ЩʧĶ˵
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˵ˣ׶û˵꣬СӨסǿֹȻ֪˵ʲôˣΣ
Өǲ֪ˣ״ϲСӨ
֪Ҳ֪˯ɣСӨеԼȣæԸ˵
ǸҲѾ֪СӨ϶֪ԼµʲôԸˣϾ͸¶ϲ֮ɫͶСӨ˵һ䣺˯ɣ
ϱȫĻӵˡ



ڶʮ µ뷨
۾ѾˣʱҲһĪ侫ƣ˯ͷˣĸļأҪ˯ͷˣĸΪԼǸ˯ˣ
æֻһʱ䣬ѾߵˣֻϵļؿһСӨ͸Щʲô˵ЩʲôҲûʱ俴ˣæ˴ŻŵĴ·߳˷䡣
ˡĸķ˳ﻹŲ̣һһЩͺһ۾ͿͣĸʰģҶʱĸ˵ҹҪչģȴһ˯ڡ
ҸеЩ̣µĶĸ˵衭˼ûչ
ѷ֣ĸҵʱŵİϾͺһ£ʱµӣҲǳ󷽵Ķ˵û£豾ûչģ˵ϰ࣬Ҳܰҹģȥϴһ£Ѿˣ
˵꣬ĸͶŲȥǸͻȻͣҲûתͶ˵ѾΪ׼ëˢˣ
֪ˣлл裡æ˵ҷĸľֹ˵ЩȻƽʱˣҲ֪ҴţпĸģҶʱҲеЩȻ
ĸ˵ֱȥҾͽ䣬ĸΪ׼ëˢ͸е쳣ĲĸôãҲ˵ȶ׶ӻãﻹһֱĸĲ˰
ϴϺЩȻĸѾͰڷڲˣȴڳϴŸղŴ˳Ĳ̺ӡ
ĬĬڲǰʼͣ¼ĸ᲻ȻԭɣҺܿͳԺͣȻķ˼Ҵкͳˣ
裬ˣҪϰȥˣڷſڣұߴЬӣ߶Իڳʰĸ˵
ȥɣ·Ͽ㣡ĸҲûдӳȴӳﴫ˳
֪ˣ裡ұ߻Ӧĸߴ򿪷˳ȥվڷְⷴŹʱͼɴһȻе˶
óֻ˿ʱ䣬Ѿ˵ˣԾæȥ˾ϰˡ
˵ĸűҹ˵վڳһģҵôˣղųͱʰˣôͲҳȥأװڳʰţҲģԼŸϣΪƽʱֻͷӣÿϴ費ŵ϶Ѿϰˣ
ʱĸĪˣҪǰŸϣԼҲᱻŮˣҲŮôκͲȻˣ
ԽԽڵĸ߳䣬СӨǰ˯ķſʱڵĴϣ컹߰ģԾͱܵĽ뷿ڣʼ죬ʱʱŵİϾͨҲļˣ
ΪʪһСƬ˵һ۾ܿ˵ľҺ⿡ƽʱô˹˹ģֶòҲʵôϰأ
Īǿ
ĸͻȻʲôƵģȻȵһסԼͣ
ΪͻȻ𿡿ппԼ壬Ż߻Լ壬߿Ʋס
ĸ뵽Ͼͨϰ飬Լûбһ˿ģڶʮˣȴԼŮˣҲ̫˰ɣ
ʱĸֺĪҪǰŸϣǾû˵ˡ
Ҹ˾ͱȥʱˣҲ˲СӨ͸׵ôˣҲĸε¸ˣ˼ȫڹ˾ʱˣ
˵СӨһ׸öεĸ߳ҹָ߳һΣ嶼ƣټû˯СʱԵʱѾǿ˵ˣ
۾֪Լȫ˯ڸ׷Ĵϣҿ˿ûи׵Ӱӣ͸׵ķ񻶰ͬϱȫĻ§˯ʱͨͻȻȼһʹ֪׸θ߳һЩˣΪһֱ˷֮УȼҲʹھȻʼЩʹˣϴһɣСӨЩĵİš
ͻȻϹڶ֪ôˣǶ˵ˣǵλٸϹϵ£뵽СӨæӴȻŻŵĴǼԸҵ˯ȹƵ뿪˸׵ķ䣡
Լ棬ϴģΪŵ϶ǸϵζûʱˣҪϰٵˣԴҴææİѳ˯ȹȻͷһȼ䣬ֻЩףûϴôĺףҲͷſԼѨѾЩʸ׿ĴˣŻֻһĺףŵϾͻָõģִҴææϴͻ·Ȼ߳˷䣡
űȥʱͼ״ӳ첽˳ЦĶСӨ˵Өˣֿ˯ô㣬Ծˣý㣬Ǻǣ
ŶСӨһ죬߾ӦһЬţ
ӨҪȥϰˣ׼ҪЬʹžȵ
ţСӨӦһߴЬó߸Ьڵϡ
𰡣Ϊ͵ģȳȥϰɣ״ŽæСӨ˵
ˣûʱˣСӨ˵žǽƯĽ߸Ь档
Ǹ׵ٶȱ죬ֻһܵСӨߣȻѷڵϵĸ߸Ь˹
֣ʲôѽСӨǱһȻɻ
㲻ܶŶȥϰģȳ˰ΪȥϰɣױŸ߸ЬߺܼĶСӨ˵
֣ûʱˣЬѽСӨ˾üͷԸ˵ЩģǼҲΪԼԼŻôģ
Өֻʱ䣬㻹ȳȥϰģҪ־͵㵥λȥ׵ĿҲܼ
ҪͣСӨһϴڵλԼ칫棬ĪĺһΣ붼еڣҪǱ֪ˣԼûټˣԺǧøȥԼĵλˣԾͻæ˵
ȳȥϰɣ
ðɣСӨ񲻹ףԣ¸׻͵ԼλģֻôӦˣ
׼СӨڴӦˣϾ͸¶ϲı飬Ȼæĸ߸Ьڵϣת첽ȥ
СӨصֻһʱ䣬ͼ׶һͷСӨĸǰĲϣ
СӨһ;ȻǴ򼦵ʱͺ
ӨҲˣ԰رΪģ塭վСӨߣĵĶСӨ˵
ŶСӨסеֻ˳ˮ۵ӦһҪԸ˵أ
԰ɣ԰ɣִŹĵ˵
СӨϰٵˣԾͺܿ븸ΪĲ͸ˣȻĬĬվſڴŸ߸ЬͿ˳ȥ
׼ҲˣСӨĬĬӣҲǷǳģԼθֺ߳ԼͬһĻ§˯˭е˼ģ˵Ƕϱأڶܲ
ǸͻȻֿʼҪǱ֪ˣԼûˣôԼѿһʺһĸˣɼҵȢôһƯŮʿţԼҲΪеˣ˵ǸײԼĶŮأԼȻ˯˶ϱҲ̫Բ𿡿ˣ
Ը˹ĸеǳΣҲûа취˭аʳ޽أСӨΪ֪ҲΪ˰ֺãԴȥ󣬰ҲΪûȢģֹ֪¿һô
ôأҪľǲÿ֪ԼСӨ¾ͺãҪôԿ
˵СӨ߳Сһ⳵λķȥһҩʱͽг⳵˾ͣһ˵ȥҩܿͳ
ܿ죬СӨʹҩˣȻų⳵λİ칫Ź˺æӿóղҩһҩ
оǽҩͣΪҹһθ߳װѾҺѨУȻ˵ѾʮˣпѾˣҲڳôľҺЩģҪĻϸ׵֣ܶԲ𿡿ģԼûټˣȻ͸׷˵Ĺϵֻϵĳ죬ԼǺģ
СӨѽҩ˺ֻϹһϢϹ˯ڰ칫ﻹ
Ͼյ˶ԷϢţڿᣬģ
СӨҲǵλĸְ߲ԱȻ֪ǲܷϢģԾûٴϹˣͿʼˡ
ҿᣬѾʮˣҵĵ칫Һ󣬾ͼɴĸСӨһϢȥţѾˣڷ
㰡ϹСӨϻ˹˵
ţˣֵһιգһܿɣҷȥСӨ˵
ţǺܿĵģСӨع˵
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ϹϻؼҸ˵𣿡СӨع˵
ðţû˯ʳĵĻȻĪ˷ȻڼѾ֪СӨ͸׸û˯һ𣬵һǴŽСӨ
ηȥ󣬹˺һСӨŻ˹˵ˣ
Ҷʱ˶˷ɿˣϸĿһˣȷʵǡˡ֣Ҵʱޱȵľϲ˷ܣСӨȻ㸸˯ˣ
ͻȻԼķ˯ôܻ˯һأĪСӨΪҵĶƭҵİɣ
뵽ղžϲ˷ܵһǧɣȻͷϢСӨţ㲻ƭҵİɣ
ϹƭأСӨܿ˹
ţ֪֣ƭң񫣬ǲǣһǲŵĶСӨ˵
㰮ŲţҪˣСӨع˵
ðɣ͹ɣ㣬ţæعȥ˵
Ҳ㣬ϹСӨ˹
ȻҾͲٴСӨˣǷڵһλģСӨĻҸеŰɣͻȻļأҲ鿴һ¼¼֪СӨĻǼˣ
뵽æ㿪ֻϵļأȻѻлСӨķ䣬ٰʱʮ㣡
СӨǺܰһ˯ڴϣĵҲǹ˵ģΪӼصҹӾܿĳѵСӨƭҵ
ڰţ߻ĵİʱҹ㣬ͻȻҵ۾һ˷ΪӵļػУСӨѾڴˣұӻЩңģСӨȥ׷˯ˣʱҵĪľϲ˷ͬʱҲŵͷæѼл׵ķ䣬ʱ㣬ֻ׵ķҲûпƣҹӼܿļ׵Ĵ˯˵ģǵ϶űӣڱӺܱԭܿĳǻ§˯һģ߻СӨǼԸе˯ȹ͸׵һڿ㣬ûпСӨֺڿ㣬ѵСӨǴڿ͸һ§˯𣿲ܵģ׵ڿ㶼ѾˣСӨܻᴩڿģֻҪʱһЩͻˣ
ʱ˷ܲѣͬʱҲĲҲҪˣŴͬһӣͬ˯һͷӦСӨڸֱ˯ģ¶ͷͿԿĳСӨڸ׻˯ģģŵӣھȻڱ˻˯˻ԼĸףСӨĹأҸеرĴ̼˷ܣҪĻڣҪûڣʱͱˣ
СӨô˵ڸ׵ĻУڵ˵Ѿ˷ܵˣҵĺҲ
ʱʮСӨķڣȻ͵
һ˽һСʱŴСӨ׵ķ䣬Ȼϱȫ§˯
ԽԽ˷ܣԽԽ쳣Ĵ̼мȴûһĴֻд̼˷ܣܾڵ˲Ųеԭɣ
¼Ѿˣ˳ҺйˣҪͻһֱ˷ȥģйҾƽȻȥʳó緹ҵﻹԽԽô̼СӨңҹ񫣬ҵĺӣʱԽԽСӨˣԾͱ߳ԷֻСӨһϢ󣬹һ£ţԷ𣿡
ڳأϹûУСӨϻ˹˵
ţҲڳأر㣬Ծ͸㷢ˣҷȥСӨ˵
ϹҲ㰡СӨع˵
ţҰ㣡
Ҳ㣡Ϲ
΢˺һǲֹͣ죡
ҳ극ȥ칫ˣҼǴ˷еģҲ˸µ뷨뷨ҪСӨͬˣǾ͸ӵĴ̼ˣÿһ뵽뷨ȫͻ̲ס˷ܵĲ˼¡




ڶʮ 
Һòװ°ʱ䣬ͿСӨĵλϳ󣬾ķȥ
ţ˰ҼСӨڳһԲûһĶ˵
Ϲ˯칫ҲİСӨӦ
ʵ˯ҲûҪƭСӨпĸ壬ǾԲܶСӨ˵ġ
Ϲ㲻˵Ҫ˯ڰ칫ô˯أСӨɻ˵
Ŷģҳ͸Ҳڼ˯ͽ˯ˣһ˯Ĺ뷿أ˵žЦ
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Ө֪ˣֶģҲܰģ湤ɣֲˣع˵
СӨ˸׵Ϣ󣬾ûٻϢˣͶ빤С
ڰ칫ڵϹţСӨĸı䣬⵽ʲôԭأĪϾҪ븸׹ҵ뷨ģȫпܵģø֪ԸСӨһģҵҵ͸ã϶е˼ģˡ
쵽ʱҾյһСӨϢϹһȥԸɣ
æ˹ȥðţʲô
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𣿡СӨ˵һ䡣
ȻˣһܸأǺǣ߸˵Ķ˵ǸǰԵвȥ
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ð֣ˣҸ˵ĶԸ˵
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СӨһæ͵͵ңʾҳȥĸΪƽʱĸϲģ
ҵȻҲ֪ĸ˲뿪ģּСӨʾңԾæҲ߳˷䡭



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ϴ磬Ҳǵ춹ʵûʲôģǺǣЦǺǵĶԸ˵
ǾͺãǾͺãǺǣҲЦǺǵĻӦš
ӨӨԲ𣬰־ƢˣܼСӨҲˣֱ˵ˣԾͶСӨǸ˵
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ӨӨԺҪúТ˳Ĺ֪𣿡ͻȻСӨ˵
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֣Ҷþûղˣ֪ɶζأСӨǫԸ˵
ӨֻҪĲˣһܺóԵأ״ֺð˵
СӨϾͲĺһ£ȻͲ˵ˡ
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ʱҾʹӷˣڲ￴ѾҽԺˣͶ˸кּҴҵСӨ˵ţҸոսӵ˾ܵĵ绰˵һҪؿͻˣҪȥͻԷ㿴
ǡȥɣСӨǸͨŮˣֹ˾Ӧ꣬Ȼȥˣ
ڲҪȥͻӦʱ϶ʱ͸¶ϲ֮ɫȻװûƵľǰĿȥ



ڶʮ ׵ת
ţҾȥˣСӨѾӦˣҾͱ߶˵תȥ
ٺȵƣСӨҵ
֪ˣұ˵ȥȻֶڿɳϵĸ˵֣ҹ˾иӦ꣬ҪȥͻԷڼСӨԷɣ
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ˣûʱˣ֣ȳȥˣ˵žſڣ
ҰѷŴ׼ȥʱ򣬾ͼҲѾűˣŹĺ͸ңٺȵƣ֪𣿡
ЩжиĹãͶԸ˵֣֪ˣ
ؼңֹĵң
ţұӦһ߳˷ţҷְŹʱҾͼɴİֻ˳Ȼ㿪˼Ĳػ棡ٽݣ˵³İť
ʱվڵֻŲļػ棬ֻ׼߳ȥԺϾ͸¶ϲ֮ɫȻת˿ڳæµŵСӨȥֲȥһֱվڷſɳš
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ʵҸûнӵ˾ܵĵ绰ƭСӨ͸׵ģ뿴ڼﵽ׻ᷢʲô£ҪĻ뿴СӨ᲻Ը˵ҵ뷨Դʱмͽţ
֣վſڸأʱСӨ˫ֶոõӳ߰ڲϣʸס
ûûأЩʧ˵
ǹԷɣСӨ߶Ը˵һ䣬תص棡
׾λȻת￴˿СӨʢ±СӨ֪͵Ծæְת˹
ܿ죬СӨͶ׷ӳһڸ׸ǰĲϣһԼƽʱĲǰȻԸ˵֣Էɣ
СӨĻûпʼԷСӨӨֵıô
ܺðҪûҰ֣֪ҪֳʲôأСӨڶԸ˵
Өֲ˵ҽԺı֣˵Կıְ׼СӨĻˣԾæ˵
֣ԿıҲܺðôĹԺҪסŶСӨڶԸ˵
Ҳ֪׽ҵĹСӨôģһǸеܸˣʱ׶СӨ˵ӨģҵĶӣԺһģ
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ǣǰǰִˣ֪ûĿҹ˵ӣˡæߵͷ߶СӨ˵
ˣǿԷɣԺһл˵СӨ˵žͶһڷ
ڼػСӨԸ˵˾˾񣬳극СӨһҪ߸ҵ뷨ˣʱҵͿʼֻּֽ۾ͽĶֻϵļػ濴
ӨʲôҪ԰˵׻ûпʼԷСӨˡ
ٸ˵ɣСӨԵҲЩŵĶԸ˵
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СӨԺ÷ϴ󣬺Ҳܵ䣬ֱӻطȥˣȻϴ裬ڴˣ
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ҲûпƣֻʾĻϵĹŪҾ׵ķʱŽգվڸ׵ķſԥһºԼķ⣬סϵİѱһžͿˣһΪСӨᵹģû뵽ڶԸ׶ûˣ
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ϹȻûˣǾͳͰɣ쵽ϰʱˣСӨҲǷˣͶ˵
ţӦһȻСھͳͣҿСӨȥλ
ڳϣҺСӨû˵ҰѳλſͣʱͶ˵ţ㣬ͷϢ֣
ţСӨӦһֱ³ˣ
ֿԼĹ˾ҵİ칫ңͿʼԺĹ
˵СӨ칫ңȰһݼͼֽڵ˺󣬼Ѿʮˣֻ׷һϢȥ֣㵽զѽ㷢ϢҲûң
ϢСӨ˸ղһֱڵͼֽеЩʹˡ
˼ӺСӨֻ˿ûյ׵Ϣʱż
ֹ߰˷ӣֻ޶οĴȷʵܴ֪ӵģͲˣڸˣ
СӨž̾һҰ;ϵĻҪû˸׿֮ԼԺôأ
СӨ̾ʱ䣬ڰ칫ϵֻͻȻ֡һСӨ϶ʱ͸¶ϲı飬ȻæһץֻһȻǸ׷Ϣ
СӨּɴĵ㿪һֻϢǣӨѾûټˣԺͱˣ
СӨ˸׵Ϣ󣬶ʱ͸еĶˣģԼôƯ͸ѾǺίˣڵˣǶ˶ˣ
ʱСӨԽԽȻֻݺݵ˰칫ϣ߽ҪΪ˿ҲŲ㷢أ
СӨҲظ׵ϢˣȻһ춼Ժжȹģ°ʱ䣬ʰһº߳˰칫ң
߳λţͼҵĳѾͣſˣ
ţɫôѿҼСӨ˵˳æ
ԼǱ㺦ģˣСӨıֻ߰ݸҿ߶˵
ҽӹֻһ׷СӨϢϸĿһ飬ʱҲˣˣּСӨӣæ԰ο˵ţ𣿰ֿǸеûңҲֿˣⶼǰֵһʱתûµģûµģ˵žСӨ֡
û£ˣҪΪ㣬ҲŲϵأСӨĶ˵
Բ𣬶Բ𣬶ҵĴͱ˺𣿡ƭĶСӨ˵
Ȼᱻ˸˦ˣСӨһʱ
ţǳֳ󣬵ǶǺټģ㽫ԸҪѽʱСĶСӨ˵
СӨ㶣Ȼҧҧ´˵Ҳˣ
Ժôѽ
µ˶ǣҪְСӨ˼˵˸ףұˣ
˶ʱһСӨ͸ܽܵģһеرĴ̼ǱˣҾ;Բܽˣ˵ˮԾСӨ˵ţ˰֣ɾԲ˵ģǾԽܲ˵ģ
ȥҽԺҰְɣСӨͷĶ˵
ţҰֿҽԺأҴ˵
㱿ѽҪڻҽԺͲˣ֪°ȥҽԺҰֵģǻҽԺŰӦؼ˰СӨ˵
ҲԣԾҽԺķȥ
԰ұ߿ų˵һ䡣
ôˣСӨܵң
Ҫǰֻؼˣǻ𣿡ҶСӨ˵
Ųţ⼸챣֤һֱģСӨ˵
ҲпܰɣҲԣ
ʮӺǾ͵ҽԺȻͽסԺ׵ĲȻСӨˣڲϣֻǸŮ㻤׵Ӱ
ҲһȻѾ¶ĸҼףﻹЩŵģ¼׺γ棡
֣զˣǲЩˣСӨߣĵڲϵ
ţˣ˵
֣ȻЩˣǾҪĵĶס죡õľ͸ˣҶ˵
ֻҪÿ죬סöУǺǣЦǺǵĶ˵
֣ҰǼʱ뿪İ
ĵҰɣ˵ҪؼȥأͶ˵
ŶӦһ㻤˲һЩ£СӨȴڲţ඼ǹĻ
ӨӨǻǻؼҳԷȥɣҪڼȼˣλչأʮӺͶ˵
Ҳͺ˼뿪˲
ǿصѾˣȻֱСӨ˵ˣֻѾڷŵĸõĲˣڼұҲ׵Ӱ
ˣֿܳȥɢˣҲȥҽԺҰˣСӨڶҵģͶ˵
ţţ˵ˣҶСӨ˴Ĵָ
ԷɣСӨ˵
Ȼ޾ͿʼԷһҲûзʲô£ֻҺСӨڴûʲô˵£Ҳ֪׵Ǽؼҵģ
ڶϣһҲѾͣѾȥҽԺˣ°ȥҽԺҲǺһǸҲĵһȥģ˵Ǹ
ǻصʱҲǺһѾ˲ˣڼ
һ춼ӵģҺСӨһҲûף
죬ҺСӨ𴲺󣬲ϻǸõͣǸҲǰһͳȥҽԺˣ
ҺСӨ߳ͣ
ţôȥҲǸ취ҶСӨ˵
ţҪȥҽԺɣ⼸СӨѾˣΪҲ⸸׵ģڶÿ֪Һ͸׵Ĺϵˣ϶ûеٺԼֹϵˣҲǺǵģ
ţҽԺܻ˰ɣҶСӨ˵
ҲһأСӨ˵һ䡣
Ȼǳ;ȥҽԺˣǽĲˣҾ֣Ұû𣿡
Ŷ˵ˣ죬ǻҽԺҵģЦĶ˵Ҳżأ˵ͿĵĴЦ
ҺСӨҲĻĶ̲סЦ
˰̫Ȥˣ˵ĻǶˣǺǣʱǸŮ㻤ҲЦǺǵĶ˵
ҺСӨ˱ȻڿģȴʮܣȷʵǸˣ⼸ȻһֱڶǣܰͺͶֳɳɣڸȥҲǸ취
ǾҽԺ죬Щп޵Ļ⣬Ҫе˾ͺã
ŵʱĸʹСӨ˵ܹȥš
һͻȻ뷨ײԸǣǶ˵϶ģ
һ뵽취æСӨӳȻһСӨȵľͷ
ϹأôصģСӨûĶ˵ʹץֱϵָ˦
ţ˵뵽취ˣҴŸ˵æСӨ˵
ʲô취СӨҲ˾æң
ţھ͸׷һϢǵ븸һģȻʹһȥԸֻҪԺͲˣһСӨ˵ҵ뷨
СӨҲ취һԣԾóֻ׷Ϣ֣ǶҽԺҲڣ˵үүˣҸ˵үүϾˣ֣Ѿˣ㣡
ϢСӨҲָܻϢˣֻͶ˵ϹϢѾˣܲҲ֪ˣ
ţİɣһģӣҲῴŮӣǺǣʮаյĶСӨ˵
ôаգ¼ֺ𣿡СӨûĶ˵
ţ⼸˺ܶ࣬ʵҺͰǸӣûйȥļ˵𣿡ҶСӨ˵
ϹͶˣйȥżأСӨҲ˵Ķ˵
ţǻزɣ˵žȥСӨҲ
ȻǾڲһ˵һֶ棡˸ɰҲԵرˣ
벻үүѽ
밡˵
ǴүүˣҪүү𣿡ֺ˵
үүκӵģģǳ˵
ͻȻʹĶ͵͵Ķ˵𣬴үүˣҪүүһٶүү˵ͺŴȥ棡òã
ðð˾͸˵ĺ
æʹС˵ܣܸ߱Ŷ
ţ֪ˣæ˵
ҲŸ˵ķſ
˵ʲôˣôصģСӨ˾ҡ
ְ֣˵δҿ˵ҡСֶ˵
̫ˡҼ˾ͿĵЦ
С龫Ҳܸ𣿡СӨָ˵ͷ˵
ܲܣǲܣС˵
ĿɰĲǶ̲סЦ



ʮ ʦ
ʱֻ׾ͳڲſڣһָվڲſڵŮ㻤һ׾͸˵ĺˣվſѽɣ
⼸Ů㻤͸׶ĺˣģ
ҺСӨ棬Ů㻤˵ͱܵͬʱſڣֻվſڣûκα飬һֱڶ𿴣𽥵Ͼ͸¶ذı飡
׼ҹվſڰɣĸҲϿĶԸ˵
֣ˣװʲôҲûзƵȵĶԸ״к
ǸײûңԣʱʲôҲûŮ㻤ĸǲǸ˵ƵģǸ׵ֻ۾ȴһڽĶ𿴣
֡ʱСӨҲĺһ
׺СӨĻŻعҲûлӦСӨĻ
үүˡæ˵
үүүүܴղҽĶûǣֻߺүүſֻСֱүү
ùŶ¶ЦݣȻæȥ
ϣ߶˵үүүүأ𣬱𡭡
үү㣬үү㣬ǧŶǺǡ쳣ĸˣ߱𣬱߸˵Ķ˵
үүĺӹεĺøɾŶСүү°ͣ߸˵˵
ҺСӨ֪׵ĺӹεǷǳĸɾյСӨϢθɾӺģ
֣Ҷڣ絽һԷɣҺƤԸ˵
١˵ɣױ߱𣬱εĶ˵
֣˵ˣѵһ𣬾һԷɣСӨ˾æԸ˵
ǰǰӨӨ˵Ķԣ׼ҹͱˣ⼸춼ҼͷӣͣǺǣĸҲæЦǺǵĶԸ˵
ϴ磬㼸ʱѧĥĥߴߴˣʹвڲϵҲȥˣԸǺֱˬģñĥĥߴߴӣ
Ƕȥ԰ɣչأǾͷĵȥɣŮ㻤ҲԸ˵ˣ
ǡǺðɡ׼Ҷ˵ˣǲ˼ˣԾʹӦˡ
ҺСӨٺǴӦˣʱҲеرĸˣֻҪ׹һأԺͲ̫ˣ
ʱܼѾɣԾҪӸ׵
ҲѾ˺һˣҲͰͬʱҲСӨϢûƭ
ϴ磬㵽ǽ죬ǺǡûбˣЦǺǵĶ˵
׷еεʱ򣬾ͼˣԾæȥˡ
ʵһǲӸףأղҲûӹңӶемǸһʲôƵģϣ緹Ǹܲȥ
磬Ǿ뿪˲ҺСӨǰ棬СӨǹ⻹ģͰһ۲ҵֱš
ĸ󣬸һ
ǽҽԺһС¥Ҳа䣬ֻ¥ĳӣһ˵ġ
һֳӣܲܽи׺ĸһɣԾͶԸ˵֣
һ·һ仰Ҳû˵ʱҽһʹŵӵȥ
֣һЩ棡ֶԸ˵
˾̧ƨ˹ȥҲûȥҪԱһűηͷȻֶСӨ˵СӨ棬棡
СӨ֪ǹôŵģͺ͸ˣҲû˵ʲôȥú͸棡
ֻʣĿλˣĸȻ͸һˣԾͰСӨߣչͷ
ҾͰŸһҲĸˣ
Ƕ˺ҾŲĸˣ裬˰ɣ
ֵɣͣлʱҽԺͷӣĸûнӹףǺЦŶ˵
Һ͸һ𣬲ôǸеЩεģĸô˵ֻðѲ׵ݸҸף֣͵ɣ
ҽԺڰһ仰Ҳû˵ҰѲ׵ݸ˵һ䣺ֲˣɣ
ҸеЩΣĸ͸׶ˣȻҾͰѲ׵ݸСӨ
СӨ߽ӹ˵ǾɣȻŲ׷˵ϲ㣬Ǿһɣ١ּᣬϲԵģҺϲزˣǾزˣһϺɣͿϲԵģ
СӨŲ׷ţߵŲˡ
ΡӨˣ˰װ˷ѵһֱ˵ĸڿ˵ˣȻеûңʡԼù˵Ǽ˷ѵĳԷԾͿ˵ˣ
֣ѵôԣͶ㼸˰ɣСӨ΢Ц˵
˹ˣٵˣæҡֹš
ǺðɣЩ˰ɣСӨ˵žͶվһֱڵ˵ż¼ŵķԱ˵
ȻԱŵ˵ȥˣ
СӨڵˣһֱû˵СӨˣһû˵ͻȻСӨ͵͵ɫҶʱСӨ˼ˣæ׵һˣ֣Ⱥȱɣ
׼ҸˣеܳĶҵ˵ͷ
裬Ҳȱɣҽָĸһ
úúãĸЦŶ˵
СӨҪҪȲ谡СӨ
ҲˣȻԱˣҽú׿ˮͿˣСӨ˵
֪СӨһϲȰ׿ˮģԲŻȲȲˣ
ְ֣ҪϡʱСҲ˵Ҫˣ
ϼ̫ˣ㻹Ǻȴţ̺𣿡СӨһϵģԾͶ˵
ҾҪС˾Ͳˣ
УϾˣĸСģæ
裬̫ˣСӨ˵˾ĸ
СӨֲÿ춼ϣżȵûϵģǺǣҺЦŶСӨ˵
źͰְֺã˵˵
С龫ͲˣСӨЦŶ˵
ûźͰְֺãС˵
үүòãСӨܼһֱעֲ岻ϻԾ͹
ţүүãԣ˵˵
ŶүүԺ󶼸ԣ𣿡үү˵ʱȫЦݣæ˵
ѽѽָ˵Ľкã
ʱԱѲ˶ˣĸʸף׼ҹҪҪȵư
Ȳˣлл׼ĸæĸ˵
ĸ˺ȾƵģܽ͵ԭԾĸ˵ˣҲûȴˣ
ȻǾͿʼ
֣ԿɣСӨ˵߼һڸ׸ǰС
ллԼеģ׶СӨ˵
֣СӨ㣬֪ϲԵģͶһɣҴŹĵԸ˵
ţֳԣֳԣ׺رҵĻҹִܳæ˵
裬ҲŶҹ˸ףҲҪĸȻһֻϺĸǰС
ţһֱڳˣĸЦŶ˵
֣ҽԺ㻤˵ܷȤģզ˵أСӨ׵һֱŲȻֲ࣬ԾͶ˵
аǸŮ㻤Ϲ˵ǫ˵
֣أҶˣǺǣæЦŶԸ˵
𣿡˵һ䣡
ǵǵģæ˵ȴڰţԲңôҪֺأ
ĸ߳ţչԣҵŮƵģΪСӨֻԼԣ
ʵСǸĸģϲĸչԣСӨҲϰˣ
֣ȥҽԺҰ𣿡ʱСӨͻȻʸס
Ҹ˵ˣ첻ȥҽԺˣȥ׶СӨ˵
ţҲãСӨӦ
֣ôأԵ㰡ҪôĲ˾˷ˣҼűȿ˻ˣûӣǽԣͶһοӣûԣͰѿӷϣȻ϶ǲȻı飡ҾҪԵ㣡
ֳ԰ֳԡ׼ô˵ͱ˵æӿʼ
һ͸еرҵĻҲҵԭɣ츸ȻϼˣǸеǺܲȻһֱӰҪȻᡭ
ͻȻ뷨
ŶʮӺǶԱˣҪĸСӨȴȥҽԺȻֶԸ˵֣л̸
˶ʱ쳣ĽΪ֪Ҫʦˣ
СӨ֪Ҫ¸ʲôͽĸȻҽԺ
ʱֲˣְ֣˵˵ģҪŴȥģƭˣ
𣬰ûƭ㰡ȸźص⹫ֺүү˵Щ飬˵Ϻһȥ棡òãæƭĶ˵
ѽְ֣ҪŶ
֪ˣͷĵĸźȥ⹫Ȱְ֣æ˵
ȻĸСӨʹȥҽԺˣ
ʱҼԽԽ˫ֽסڴϣ
ʱվ׵Ķȥ̵ңȻڿ㶵ͳһȻͳһ̵ֻϡ
׵Ȼ֪Ǵ̵ģʱȻҪˣ˵ҵѾ˼ˣʱ͸ӵĽźͺȻʹŲ˵ǰֶԲ㣬ӦúӨ
֣Ҳһֻɣδȸ˵꣬ҾʹĻҵݸһֻ̣
ױǸˣֻڼСӨζУֻҪڼסģ滹ǻģղֺֽ£ֻѹһѹˣֻһ˵ԾͲҳˣʱҵ̸æΪŶŵ֣ȻͽӹϡֻŻŵͳڽŵԭ򣬲Ŵ˺üζûŻ
ʱҵŴݵ׵ǰ棡׾Ͱѵ̵һգͰ̵ˣȻݺݵһڣ
֣ЩΪʲôңʸףȻҲҵ̣Ȼһڵʱ򣬾ͱǺÿ
̵ģộԼأˣȻʮֹҵģҳ̣ȫʹ֮ɫдŹĺͰ
֣ȱңң⼸ΪʲôңȻ֪ΪʲôҵģһǹҵĿҲǺȻģһΪǿҪͻԽԽԵģû׼ܶҵģڶҵ˵ˣǾͺðˣ
ǰֶԲ㣬ֲˣ޶磬û㰡׷ǳʹĶ˵˵꣬Լϴ
ҼôʹӣʱҲˣæץס˵֣ʲôû㣡
ûְ֣ҵĻͻȻ̧ͷңȻǳȵҡ
Ҷʱ㶣ĪǸһֱΪԲŶңûңѵСӨûи˵𣿲԰ڼСӨԸ˵ģ˵Ըİ⵽ô°ѵСӨԸ˵Ըûɣмһǳ˲ˣ
֣СӨǶ˵ԸһİôܻأæԸ˵
ʲôԸֺӨһСӨʱ˵İ˶ʱ־־ϲҡ
ҳȥͻӦǸϰæԸ˵
˾ͿʼͻȻȻĶ˵ˣӨǶ԰˵ģǰΪӨƭҵģ԰־͸ԸҺӨأ
˸˵Ļ֪ҺСӨˣΪ֪Ըģû뵽׸һԸģԸײŻһֱңûңһʦ



ʮ ɬĸ
֣СӨ˵ĶģԸСӨһģʱֻܺƤԸ˵ˣȻͺݺݵһ̣
˵ûƭ֣׺ǲҡ
֣ƭأҴεԸ˵
Ȼһȷ˵ĺ󣬶ʱϾӹһϲǺܿʧˣܲҷľϲȻңΪʲôô
֣ʵ˵˰ɣҲ֪ǼʱʼģͻԾ͡Ҳ˼˵ȥˣ
𣿡˾͹ҡ
β˵ģ֣һѾ˵زˣҪԸٺСӨȥһ֧ǵģҪٸеûңˣ˵žͳվſȥ
׼߳ȥʱ򣬾ͻعԸ˵֣СӨһڼĸȥ棡
˵գҾ˰ţȻæóֻСӨһϢȥţǲһԸõģԲŻһֱţһʦ
СӨϻ˹Ϲô°ҲǸ߰˵Ը⣬Ҳְ֧
ţΪƭأԲһֱţںˣѾ˵ˣһСӨϢ˵
ϹǰʲôСӨҡ
ţڼŰɣֻģһʱܣҲŵòᣬҪ㣬Щ𣿡
ϹΪʲôأСӨعҡ
ڻԥУٲЩпܲټˣ
˵ɣڻҽԺϹǰһֱ߶㣬ɣСӨȻѻתˣ
ϵˣţҷȥ˵
СӨûٻϢˣæҽԺϣղź͸С¥İﵥ̸ǺƤסеΣװź򶨵ӣʱˣһȻż鶼ָСӨϢԽԽе
û뵽СӨ˵ĻҺСӨΪѾ֪ԸءѹָЩŻңԭʦڿͺðˣղСѾ֪ԸģҲ㺦ºΣ϶ȥСӨġҸ׶һûаǹǿйˣСӨһҲûаѻڵͳѾЩܲסˣΪ⼸Ϻ˯һҹﾭ͵͵һҵĿɣҾ֪ǶôĿ
ʱԽԽе쳣˷ܣ벻¾ôˣ֪ô򵥵ģӦúƤҸ׵̸ˣ
һż˷ܺ;ϲҽԺĲڡ
ˣ˵һУ˵Ҫȥ棬ҵȻڴӦˣͻȻСӨУĸ裬СӨأ
ӨӨ˵ЩȻؼˣĸ˵ҲѷЩΣЩȻ
ȻҾͶڲ˼ͺĸӲг
ҽԺͣҪĸȥĸͱ˺ϣΪĸ˳ź󣬾˼ʻϣȻҪȥ棿
ְ֣ҪȥǸ԰Ĺ԰棡˵
õģҾ˳Ŀĵؿȥ
һֱû˵ĸʱ͵͵͵ĺһ
裿æӦһ
ôӨӨһȥأǳ裿ĸҡ
裬ϲҺһȥءæš
ӨӨǲˣŻ˵岻ؼˣĸ˵
ɣʲôأڶĸ˵
ҼӨӨ극һֱƲֵӣû׼ˣԺͺһȥɣˣĸֶ˵
ﲻ˼ҲҪȥȥ棬һҲ棬ʲô棬ʲôҳԣҪźͰְִҳȥ棡û뵽ĸĻͲˡ
ԣŲǺְһȥ𣿡æ˵
裬㿴Ҫ棬ǺǡҼ˾æĸ˵
ĸһ죬ֻҲ֪ˣʵղ˵ʱ϶ǴźεģҲ֪ұҴ俴ϴĳأΪҹⲻСӨһȥ棬һȥأ
˵ĸҵĻû˵һ䣡
裬ǺܴģСӨÿδ棬԰㶫˵̫ΣˣֲԶ˵Ķɾ𶼲ϲСӨȥˣǺǡұ߿ֶĸ˵
ǰڵĺԽԽˣĸ˵
ŶʮӺǾ͵˹԰ȥ԰һҪҺĸǣһֻС԰ȥ
ҪƽʱҲϰΪˣȴЩͬˣ䣬пĸϴ壬ںĸֱǣСڹ԰ȻеЩȻΪǺԼĺӣҵȴЩǷˣĪľ͸ֳĸûд·ѩ壬زֻСӨĻҪf鷿׹⻬СһƬںŨܵïʢëѩȳƵĴȡ
ţ߲͵͵һĸһͷں㷢βں棬ͣɫ𪣬ϴһɫv䣬ʹ¶۾ԵøӵİԲزϵֻʱ鷿¸֧ŵҲӵķfˣv¶㼡vѩ鹵Ҳһɼ
ƽʱĸԼ迴ֻغТ˳ԲһķǷ뷨ҵĪĶЩǷ֮ˣҶԼֱǸˣ޶磬ȻԼô𾴵ĸַǷ뷨ԼǿƲסԼʹҸ쳣
ڣֿƲסı͵ĸĪĸֳѩ塭
ʱĸת뿴𣬵Ǽ͵ʱƯϾͲĺһ£ȻĿæܿң͸¶Ȼı顣
ҼĸˣʱҲЩæת˹ڽţˣˣĸһ͵ˣ
ʱҾĸеòķ
ţְ֣ҪתľҺС𿪿˵ˣҲҽ֮Χ
ðɣҾȻĸͬ˵˳
ʱͱ㻥һۣȻϱܿ˶ԷҵͷĪąţҲ֪ĸʱôģ
תľæȥƱȻ˽ȥľϡҾͳվĸߣһ
̲ס͵͵һĸϵıЩκͲȻҶ֪ʲô
裬㿴ľ϶࿪ģûһĶĸ˵
ǰӨӨԺҪ棡ĸŲ̫Ȼı˵ȴһֱľϵ𣬲ûת˵
ϧϲСӨ棬ֻϲ㰡ǺǡҺЦŶĸ˵
ĸ˲û˵ֻҧҧ´֪ĸҧ´СӨһģǸеʱŻҧҧ´ģ
֪ĸҵ˵ĻǸеˣŻҧҧ´ģ
ĸΪʲôأ⻰˵ҲǺģǰ˵ɴҧ´ģĪҲҿ󣬲ŻеȻ
ĸͻȻẰ˰ҡ
裿Ӧ
סԺ֪Ҫסã鷳֣ĺܹⲻȥĸ߿תľ˵š
裬ҰڼҲû£ÿҽԺ죬ҲĵģͲʲôˣæĸ˵
Ҳô˵ģĸ˵žͣһ£Ȼֽ˵ãҪ֣ǲȥҽԺģأ
裬⵽ҲǣǺǣҺЦ˵
ԺһҪֵңúóԶٷĸŸм˵
裬⵹ãǶһ˰Ͳôˣæĸ˵Ī˸ףڲ֪ôˣ᲻Ѿصˣ᲻ȥСӨûϵΪмأʱԲ鿴ģĵĻ¸ûлؼСӨ
ĸֲ˵ˣֻǿתľ𣬼ĵӣҲ¶Цݡ
̲ס͵͵һĸЦ̫ÿˣʵСӨЦҲǺܺÿĸȴһζ
ֻһʱ䣬תľʱ͵ˣһΣҾͿ˿ĸĸҵ˵ͷʾͬ⡣Ҷʱĸ˼ȥתľƱһΣ
ҺĸôôĬأţ߶ĸ˵裬ҪǻҪǿɲˣ
ţСӿɲܶ˳ĸ˵ͻȻ˵ӨӨ˵岻ؼˣ㻹Ǵ绰ɣںЩûУ
ҵȻ֪СӨ岻ǻؼҵȸˣôܰ¸ĸأֻö˵裬ҷϢһ£
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ӨӨô˵˺һᣬĸҡ
Ŷ裬˵ûˣͷİɣæĸѡƽʱûжѵģΪһǶĸˣҸеԼ˽
ͺãûɣ˵žʹŲȻҡ
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ĸŵһȣȻʹɬı˵ӨӨ˵㲻棬Ǻ棬ģ
裬СӨôĴأǺǡ˾ͿƵ˵
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裬Ǻ㿪ЦҼĸӣæ˵
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ȻҺĸָǣСһıȥҲϲıˣ
Һĸҳһվ濴ڿĵı
ǵŮɰˣʱվߵһλʮŮǡ
ŶˣĺأδĸڽͣҾæ˵
ŶҵĺҲˣŮҲæ˵
͵͵һĸȻһԵҧ´֪ΪҶŮ˵Ļеɬ
ǵĺ׶԰ˣĺأҼĸӣȻĪĸе˷ܣҲ֪Ǹ񾭲ˣĸһ£ԲߵŮ˵
ŶҵĺҲ׶԰ˣߵŮæ˵
ãǵĺ׶԰ϲ棬ĺءҸ꣬ͼһۣĸȻ͵͵һ£
ŶĿǰСɣûʲôã㺢ӺôֿɰĽޣߵŮİҺĸˣ
ĸ˾͸ӵĸеˣֺݺݵĺһۣæװûȻߵŮεЦЦ
˱ı˵ҪϣҺĸСӨȻӳˣҪģԾʹϣһǣ֣ĸҲ֪Ϊղŵ¸еɬأˣԹûкһǣ֡
ţҲҵϰҺĸһСˣԾͱ߰С쵽ĸߣ߶˵
ĸְֻǣסС֣Һĸһǣˣ
ղź˵˵ĸҺܾˣʱûˣˣ
裬ϴǴ棬˲ǰΪ͵ʱ㲻ֹס𣿻˵˵ȥҲʶǣҲѧİǺǡæЦǺǵĶĸ˵
ĸ˾ˣȻҧҧ´ֺݺݵĺһۣ



ʮ СӨѱ
ҼĸҲôĺÿǰɴûзֵģʱͺЦĸ˵裬Բ𰡣ǳ棬ͼ𣿷ǸŮҲʶǣûʲôģǺǣ
ԽԽˣĸְһ˵˵һָ˯ļڶ췢˯ıϻžҺֻҸ֪ˣ
裬аһԭǸʵҰЦƵĶĸ˵
ղͻˣϹ˵ĸû˵
ţְ֣˵ʲôأôһҲѽʱ̧ͷǡ
㻹СǴ˵£ߣǿȥϺȣĸ˾Ͷ˵
Ҽĸ˵Ī˷һ£ȻҲ˵˵ǣǴ˵£㲻Сأ
ĸҰѡˡֵ˵رĸߣִıݺݵĺһۣҸеĸرˣ͸ӵĸе˷ˡ
һǾһС̯λһƿϣҺĸҪһƿȪˮ
Ǿʹڹ԰ط棬֪ѾĵˣǾ߳˹԰ȻǾ˳ĸ裬ҪȥҽԺһ𣿡
ˣ㻤չˣĸܸɴĶ˵
֪ĸ뿴ƢҲͲ˵ˣֱӰ͵ȥ
ĸСſͣҾæ³Ϊĸ˺ĳţȻĸͱ˳
𣬸ְְݰݣĸ˵
ְְݰݣͶһ˻С˵
ݰݣҲ˵
ȥ㣬עⰲȫĸĵĶ˵
裬֪ˣÿĸ˵ҵĻҾͻеرůرǽ죬ڹ԰ҶĸˣôĹң˵ûʹҸеرĸˣ
ҼĸǣССȥϳķȥ
ûĸҵͻȻ˸׺СӨҲЩĺͽ粻֪ؼûУҪǻؼˣ᲻СӨأ
ʱҾĪĿʼ˷ҪǸؼСӨˣҵ뷨ʵˣԺڼÿ춼ϴ̼ˣǸöð
ʮӺҾ͵˼սţʹӲŵһζֻϱƽʱڷ˼ˣһڳæµţҽĶˣԾͼæӳ˳һЦĶ˵ˣֽ˼ˣһϲĲˣҪԵŶǺǡ
֣ˣôĲˣҼѾȫˣҲˣԾͿĶ˵
ûûУֻҪϲԾͺˣҲſ͹ĵ˵
Դӷ˸׶ºٴμ棬ȻЩΣһǺܸ˵ģֻصǰҶϧĸоˣԸҲԵرĿֻ֣ҪĲˣҶϲԵģ
ͺãͺãǺǣҲԵرĸˣ
֣㡭ǼʱصҵѽҾźʸס
Ŷ뿪ǸС¥İ󣬰Ͼͻؼˣôʣ׻㶣Ȼε˵
Ŷ˾ӦһȻľͿƲסϲһСӨģԾʸף֣СӨأ
Ŷڷɣ׾ʹŽźε˵
Ŷ֣ȥһƣ˵žæŪõķȥȻҷſڣǹŵģʱͿƲס˷׸ң뿪СֱӻؼˣôһСӨˣסİѱһšžͿˣ
ȻҾƿţһֻСӨڴϣ󱳳ţϸһıӣ˯Ƶģ
ҽ뷿䣬ʱܵСӨȵĺͶ϶˯ˣĺģҼ׵Ĳ˵ĶպˣˣԾͰȥȻĺţţѡ
СӨûѹֱߺű塣
šϹˣСӨҸˣֻʵ۾Ȼҡ
ţˣţԷɣֶѾˣСӨĵĵ˵
ˣСӨ˯ҡ
ţˣæСӨ˵
ˣСӨ˶ʱһ£Ȼһ죬аţô˯ڰȻæӴ
Ҳ֪ϴһ׶̿˯£Ȼţզ˯أ缸㿪ʼ˯ѽ
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ҿŴŶ̿СӨ¶紺ź۵Բۣ˯ǵϥһģ¶ױֱСȺѩ׹⻬Ĵȣ˵Ļʱ쳣˷ܣˣڼûиɻôأΨһĽ;Ǳ׸ˣԽԽǣסеľϲ˷ܾţˣ
˵أСӨҵĻһ죬Ȼһ˵
ţզ֪ҼСӨģѾˣһ̲ס
ѽϹ֪ʣˣ˵ˣԷȥСӨһƿң߽˵
ҼСӨģʱ쳣ľϲȻæЦǺǵĶ˵ԷԷǺǡ
ѽЦ˼ңûСӨߵĽ
ҵԸ񣬱ܻʸܲģϾҪȥԷˣ˵СӨһ߳ģмأҲ֪ϱ׷ʲô£
ŸѽСӨͻȻûĶ˵
ŶŶţǳȥԷԷҲŴ˼˹æ˵
ߵűʱͻȻͣסˣתСӨɻ֮ɫȻֿ˿СӨŵĶ̿˯¡
զСӨͻȻͣסŲתҲͣס˽Ųҡ
ţʹ˯³ȥԷΪԴӸ˺СӨûеҵ洩˯³ȥ׹ģҲ
ѽʲôϵû¶ʲôҲǵģСӨ˾ͽŶ˵
ûϵûϵǺǡСӨĻԽԽ˷СӨѾʼıˣȻҵҵʹ¶첲¶ȵ˯¿ȥˣǰûй°
Ȼסе˷ת߳˷ţСӨҲ˳ȥ
ʱü˫ֶһӳСӨŶ̿˯ʱǾһ£ȻЦǺǶ˵Өǳˣˣ԰ɣ
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СӨɣָʢױȥ߶˵
֣ɣʢʱֻСӨߵ׵ߣֻƯСֽס׵ֱۣȻӱߣҪ¡
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СӨȥʢȥˡ
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ʱСӨʢ÷˳Ȼߵλϣ
ϹϰֶΪӲ˵ģͷſӳ԰ɣСӨЦŶ˵
ǵȻˣҿпڸˣǺǣЦ˵ڸΪʲôΪҼӲˣҶ֪£ҲûʣôΡ
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Ҷʱ͸е˸ҲıˣǰǹСӨģھȻˣ
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ҶʱܳĸоδҴָолعּСӨҲ˲˷ҵķϣԵ㣡
׺СӨͻȻģĻЩܲϰߣЩΪĶ˵֣СӨôԼв˵ģһҪллǣǺǣ
СӨ˾ЦЦȻͿʼ
׼ô˵ͺЦŶ˵ϰҲۣԵ㣡
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׺СӨϲ¶Цݡ
Ҿķָ׾ȻСӨһʰСӨڳϴ룬ʰŲϡ
ʲôСӨ͸״ûһʰģﰵţ
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֣С
ȥӨɣδ˵꣬׾æžźζ˵
ŶҼ׺ڶңҲͲˣӶΣ
תص˷䣬СӨϴ裬ղŸ״žŵӣҶ϶ǿ϶£ĺֻ鿴أڼǲܲ鿴ģҪǱСӨ֪ڼ͵͵װأҾˣ
ʱСӨϴ־ķȻ룬ϴǴ˯µģھȻһɫvȹȹϥһ㣬¶ױֱСȡ
СӨļʤѩϰɫȹĸֺרΪݵģ
ʲôʱ쳣ȵĿСӨҲ˵СӨĪҪ͸һȥ
Ϲأʶ˼ˣСӨĿɿڴӣ̲סЦЦȻҡ
ţ㡭Ҫȥ𣿡ұСӨ˵Żعɻ
ǰզˣ
ûûУţ㡭ǲҪͰһȥţѽˡסе˷ܣȻСǻ䣬ʹһʹ
˵ʲôأСӨߺݺݵҵһ£ҧгݵ˵
㣿ұűСӨûʹ䣬ɻĿСӨ
˼Ǻһȥ֪Ϲ룡СӨûİһ˵
ңţȥİұСӨĻ˵ˣ
ϹǺþûһȥˣǾͳȥ乫԰ɢɢôСӨͻȻͷǳĶ˵
ðҶʱ͸˵˵û뵽һȥģĻΪǺ͸أȻеЩʧ޺þûһȥɢɢˣҵȻҲʮָ˵ģҪǺСӨһڹ԰ҶеرԺΪΧǶĽʵĿ⿴ſǡ



ʮ ԰ɢ
㡭Ҫȥϵصĸ׼ҺСӨһӷǼСӨ룬ﻹſԾ֪Ҫȥ
ţ֣ҺͿȥһ£ؾϢɣδҿڣСӨŶԸףرĹģǰûйģ
Ŷȥɣ̫˻Ҳĵǡ
֪ˣˣСӨæԸ˵
ȻǾͳ˼ţ³⣬ϳͰѳ³⡭
ţôźһȥ԰ɢɢأʵк֪ܶСӨϵͻȻı䣡ұ߿
רĿɣû뵽СӨô˵
ŶӦһͲ˵ˣΪ֪СӨԸ˵һȥ˵ģ
ұרĵĿųڰţСӨͻȻҪһɢɢ϶ԭģû׼ڹ԰Ǳɢ߸˵ģ
תһСӨƯԴΣֻǰҲʲôƵģ
ϹͻȻСӨˡ
ţæӦһ
Ϲ˵Ĳ𣿡СӨŵǵҡ
ţ˵ʲôôأұСӨͻȻĻˣ
ŶСӨڿĳ£ԾͲ֪˵˳ʱҵĻĴ˼˹Ȼһ죬Ŷһ
ţղ˵ʲôأôأʵ
ϹޣټӸֻ֣ҵĹϵԺ᲻ʲô°СӨŵǵҡ
˲ףԭСӨָ͸׵ĹϵҾæ˵СӨֻҪǲ˵ȥ֤ûµģͷİɣ
Ϲ˵ڶð֪ԸģԺһ˼ЩСӨȷĶ˵Ҳ˵ĵǡ
ţǲѾˣ˾æʵ
šСӨӦһ
ҶʱĪ˷ţڼûС
Ϲ˵ˣרĿɣ˹԰İɣδ˵꣬СӨæֹס˵ȥ
ţ˵һ𣿡Ѿ˷ˣĺ֪
Ϲ㣬ô˷ܣѵ㶼֪ڿ𣿡СӨֵ˵
ţ˷𣿡ҷ
ѵ㻹û˷𣿡СӨַҡ
⡭
㿴ĿɡСӨתһҵĿ˵
Ҷʱ͸еǳΪ飬ڴϣҾȻӲڳϣĪӲ
Ϲٺ˼ˣרĿɣСӨʱĶ˵
ȴԽԽеΪˣΪ֪СӨΪʲôͻȻ˵רĿģ˵ȥҾͻԽԽ˷ܵģǺΣյģ
ʱΪҲ˵ˣСӨҲû˵ʱھ
ŶʮңǾ͵˹԰ͣȻǾ³԰ȥСӨܴ󷽵§ҵֱۡ
ϵĹ԰ȰֵĶ࣬Թ԰˻ǺܶģǸս빫԰棬вٵ͵͵עǣӦעСӨ
СӨһžƯĻͷʶǰٷְٵģֻ˻࿴һۣŮҲ̲סڿ
ʱҾ͸еԺ·ͦˣЩǸĽ
ҿʲôأѵҲÿ𣿡ʱߵһʮķޣϹ࿴СӨۣͱŸˣ
ҺСӨˣĬĻһۣȻֺĬЦЦȻҾ͸еԺˣ
ϹǵǱȥɣǱ٣СӨͻȻָŹ԰ĶĶ˵
ţǺǡұӦһ̲סЦЦ
ϹЦʲôѽСӨͻȻЦˣҡ
ţ˵ǵǱٵĵطȥǲǲˣǺǣЦŶСӨ˵
СӨһ죬ʵǱҲˣΪһ·ϣһ˶࿴ۣŷˣ޾͵룬ǹ԰رĶ࣬һкܶǺǣּղǶԷ޾Ͳ㳳ȥǱٵĵطɢɢû
˼ûôĺÿϹ˵СӨǺǫĶ˵
ǺǣÿÿҲ˵㣬ȺڵĿѩģЦǺǵ˵
СӨﻹǸеܸˣ§ҵֱٵĵطȥ
ӺߵԽԽСʱһ߶ľСϣǰûˣСӨ§ҵֱۣɢţһҸе
ʱҵ̲סСӨ£ȻҿԲ鿴أҪȵϰڰ칫￴ѾǵȲסˣһСӨ˵Ҽ֪ˣΪС棬ҶѾѻԸ˵ˣҪ縸׻ؼСӨ˵ѾˣԺϱͿڼҲöˣ
СӨȻ˽ˣΪڳҾˣҲӦ֪Ҵʱļɣȴƫƫ˵
ϹǳãҸеֻص˵̸ʱˣСӨڿ˵ˣȴ˵Ļ
ţţҲָоֻ˳˵
Ϲ㻹ǵ𣿵ʱÿ춼ܵҵѧУҳ棬ǲȥӰڹ԰ɢСӨ𵱳ʱˡ
ǰʱ׷ôĶ࣬Ҫҽ׷㲻ţڶ֪˭أǺǣЦǺǵ˵
СӨͻȻ̾һ
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ţԲ𡭡æ˵
˵Բʲôð˼ҶѾˣԶ˰ˣСӨһ˵
ţǸ𣿸ƽȤʹ̼㵱Ҫѡ˱û׼ڻƽƽأҪȤ飬̼ŽҲˣǲǰҾСӨĻš
ţϹ˵Ҳûе̫ƽʹ˷ζСӨҲòϣǸŮʿⱲӵȻƽƽˣ
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ȻѡСӨĻûоԾ˵˳
㵱ѡѡˣǺǣҼСӨѿڶ˵˳ʱоֿ˻ȻЦǺǵĶ˵
ˣСӨһ˵
ˣţûУҼʱѳ죬˳˳
šСӨ͵͵Ӧһ
Ķʱͷסеľϲ˷ܣȻǰǲǽأ
šСӨֵ͵͵Ӧһ
ţֱ̫ˣѹһؼ㶼˯أǺǣ˵žڨЦ
Ϲʲô˼СӨʡ
Ǻǣ϶ǱŪˣŻ˯㣬ǲǰҴ˷ܵЦ
ѽᣬѾ֪ˣҪ˼˵ǵģСӨ漴һ죬ȻŽ˵
УţǳʱͰֶҶôĹģҲֱӵĹϵɣҲˣҾֶ˵
ϹҺͰֶԲˣҪ㣬ĲСӨ˵
ţԸģԺֻǵ£ùҾˣҴ˷ܵ˵
ϹҲӦõأСӨ˵ͻȻ˵ϹԺͱʰˣΪڻеΣҲеiԺ֪ˣһԷװʲô֪
ţţ֪ˣҴ˷ܵӦţȻʣţǰûж˵ʲôأ
ȻԲ鿴أһСӨ׿ڶ˵᲻ʵҵҲǺܸӵģСӨȫ˵ΪСӨңеӴ̼ģ
ҲҲû˵ʲôСӨǿ˵
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ţţ㣡ԺҰһұ֤ˣǡ˵žͣסˡ
ϹʲôСӨæҡ
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ţϹҿԴӦ㣡СӨеҵĵһҲߣҲˣԺϹԼԼֻҪͷͷͿˣܱȫöˣԾæӦˣ
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Ϲ˵СӨ˵ĶЩ˼ͻȻָǰСϵ˵Ϲǵǰһɣ
ðţǲЩˣұӦţ
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ϹȵȵȣСӨæסң
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ˣϹǿˣСӨ߰еֽӰߵͰ߶˵
šұӦһߺСӨϡ
СӨ󣬾ѩ׹⻬§סҵۣȻ忿ҵϣ
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ţãһԶģСӨĻĺܸжСӨ͸һʱ뵽һɢɢһصʱĸоұ߼ĶСӨ˵§壡
ϹҲ㣬ֱԶСӨҲ쳣Ķ˵ȻͽҵĻС



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ҺСӨӹ԰صѾʮˣ׵ķѾˣ˯ˣ
뷿СӨѾϴˣҾֱӽϴ˸裡СӨѾ˯ڴˣȻҲϴţСӨϰԵİ˵תҵĻС
ұ§СӨ˵壬ߴ˷ܵСӨţ˵Ұ˯𣿡
˼ô֪ѽСӨһ˵
ţֿ϶˯ŵģǺǡ˵˾ЦЦ
ϹЦʲôѽô϶˯أСӨһۺһȶֱҵظϺ˫ϣȻǰСֱĸҵظ߶˵
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Ϲư˵ģСӨҸ˵ӣҲˣ
ˣšͻȻ˵
ϹôˣһһէĺòãСӨͻȻĸһæҡ
ţûжԸ˵Ծпܻ˯ҹģ쳣˷ܵСӨ
⡭û԰˵ɡСӨ˾Ưһ죬ȻȷƵĶ˵
ţ㵽Ƕ԰˵ûаҼСӨĻ̫ȷЩһΡ
⡭Ӧǻ˰ɡСӨǴ˵
СӨ˵ΣҲȷ׶Ը˵ûУҵȻ֪СӨԭԲ˼˵ڣҲͲΪˣڰ칫һأȫ֪ģ
ţưģǺǡҼСӨرĿɰͺЦŶ˵
Ϲᣬ˯˯СӨ˾͸ӵˣ߽߰ҵĻС
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Ц˼ңСӨͻȻ̧ͷɫĺһ˵
ЦЦæסЦ˵
ôˣ춼Ҫϰأ˯СӨ˵žͰ˵ŲŲҵһԼеƣ
֪ҲСӨϰˣÿ˯ǰͻӵģȻҾĺ󱳣˵
Ҳ֪ǺСӨһȥɢ˵ԭ򣬻ø֪ԸԭԶСӨر۰Ͳ֪˵ƽʱû˵Ļ
СӨҵĻУ˵ô۰Ļʱĵľ̲ס͵Цһ£
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ڲԸʱСӨǰĬĬǺ˵ЦԵرĿģҺ͸׼ҲˣʵǷǳ۰СӨģֻ֪ˣ
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뵽æѼлΪֻҪСӨһܵһʱ俴ģ
һʮֵңҾͼСӨӷŽ룬ЬóЬȻϺֱŪõķȥҵȻ֪ҪطˣҲп䣡ҵһֱϣлżػ棬ֻСӨ뷿ȰѿſǽϵĹҹϣȻͽ䣡
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СӨЩϴ̨ϵʱҵ۾ʱһž͸еǳľȣΪҿСӨϴ̨ϵľȻ
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֪ͶŮ˵˽СӨȻҵӣ͵˽ҲǷģҶʱ͸еԼЩ޳ܣ
СӨֳֽ쵽ȼһ£ȻѴһЩҺֽֽͰվڿ㣬ȹӣʱر˵ĴȾͱȹסˣ
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СӨϲɫİЩСĹк󣬲Ŵˮͷϴϴֺ󣬾Ͱȹһ̿˯¿㣬Ҳȥ׵˯ˣȻվھǰһ˯º󣬾ͰֻС̧ߵĶ󣬰ѳһۣȻҡҡͷƮٺֱɢںϣ߳䡭
Ҽûڷֱͣ߳˷䣬ɳϣȻʹ򿪵ӿ
СӨǴϲӵģʱȻ򿪵ӿ֪ܽŵԭɣڿɳϱ߿ŵӣߵҸ׵ĵܷɽŵɣ
ʱСӨĲƵĿŵӣΪҴңͣĻ̨֪һûڿˣ
ּʱֻ˿ҹڿʱ䡣
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ΡӨڿӰȫעڿӵСӨǲѷ֣ҲǺܽŵģ
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׵˴Ƶı֣ҲԤϵģһڶˣʱϴôҲĲСӨʲôϸˡ
֣Ҳ֪ˣ֪Щ쿡жൣ𣿡ʱСӨ˽ѵԼƵģǸ˴ĺӣ
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֣ǴƭˣϴգҴӦ㡭졭Ǹ𣿡СӨԽ˵Խ͡
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Ө֪ûƭ֣ǰִˣԭ°𣿡ʱػеĸһֱСӨǸţ
֣㣬Ҫϴ˵Ļ㻹᲻ſأСӨʸ׵ĻҲʸʲڵĻԵСӨҵ˫ĿĶżػ濴׵ô˵
ҡҲҲܿġСӨĻԥ˺һٺ˵˳
˵һԭ׵ʱǽܲʵģ
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СӨҲǺ⸸׵뷨Ҳ⸸׵뷨
֣ôͨأСӨʸס
Өʵһڶǵʱ򣬰Ҳ˺ܶ࣬ȻԸģֺ췹ˣҪĻǡǡ˵󣬾Ȼ˵ˡ
ڽҪͷһͣ٣ҵľͲĽĺ֪ʲôԭʹıģ




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ҹڰ칫￴żػɽҲûõģֻϣСӨܿʸס
ʵӨҲǺļģڽҪͷȻ˵ˣԾæ֣ҪĻʲôѽ
ΡӨҪĻǿ㲻㣬ԺܲϵҲǺ˵ģ԰Ϊϵ󣬾͸ıˣҲܿôˡ˵뷨
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СӨ˸׵Ļ󣬾ȻЩмˣΪԼŻı⣬תһ룬ѽ׵ĻԼƵĸɸɾˣ¾ʹ֣ѵ㡭һ㶼û𣿡
ΡӨֵȻأΪ㣬־ȥҲûһԹԵģ̫ϲˡԽ˵Խ
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ҲǱ뷨һҪǸʲộԼǳˣҺøûг£
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ʱԽԽ£ҺסԺҪ׿Ѿ벻ˣ
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СӨĻּ֮ɫʱϾӹһϲȻæ߹ȥСӨߣ
֣Ժ뷨֪ûУСӨѾˣȻԼ廹ʮֵľ룬ϵϢͺζѾŵˣ֪ʲôԭСӨȻϲϸϵζˣ
֣һ㰡ѵҳ㲻ɣСӨʵʵһɳϣ˫ֱַϥϣԵЩź͵ӣԾʹĶ˵
ӹһϲæ̧ƨСӨŲ˹ȥ
Լθ߳СӨԸѾôˣ̧ƨŲߣ߰˵忿˸׵ϣ߶Ե˵֣§ҡ
׼СӨȻôʱ쳣ľϲæһֱ§СӨĺϣһֻҲĴСӨĴϣСӨ˯ϥǲλģɳϣ˯Щȥ¶Сѩ׹⻬Ĵȣ׵ȴСӨĴϣҲǴ˯ˣ
벻СӨôҲģϴζѾ׸θ߳ˣҲûʲôڵˣͶˣҲ͸׻˼ˣҸеرĴ̼
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ԲӨֿ̫ϲˣͻȻ뿪ƵģԾͲ֪ñЩˣױ˵ֱ߰۸Щ
֣ҶĻˣǻ뿪ء׵Ļ˵СӨůůģȻͰ˸һ˵
ΡӨֺˣױ˷ܵ˵ץסСӨСǣĿϣ
СӨִ׵Ŀʱ˶һ£Ϊ׵ĿѾһͬʱĸе˴ĴִͼӲ
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ΡӨӲ𣿡׼СӨĽģ֪Ѿˣʱһϲʹ˷ܵ
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𣿡˷ܵ߰ѷϸŵĴֲȥ
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ΡӨûµģϸֹ˷ܵ˵ȻСӨ˯
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ΡӨǾɣòãױ˷ܵĶ˵߰˯ͬڿСӨɳϵģֻС£ͱƨѹסҲ޷ȥˣ
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ΡӨƨ̧һº𣿡˷ܵĶſǻͰСӨ˵
ҪءﰡҪСӨ˵Ҫǰƨ̧
׶ʱһϲæ˯ͬڿһĴϡ
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СӨ˯ڿѾ׳ˣŮ˽Ѿ¶ڸ׵ˣȻԼѾ׿ٴˣҧҧ´߰Ƭѩ׵ƨɳϣ߰һߡ
ҼСӨƨ̧øĿӣҲɵЩ⣬ҲΪСӨ㸸¿Ӷд⣬СӨ׼ڼɳϺ͸׻ҺСӨ꣬Ҳûкڿɳȴ͸ڿɳôҸеأ
׼ѾɹİСӨĿѵˣ¶ѩ壬ʱ˷ְܵѹ۴ϵ˯ڿ
ʱСӨԼ˵Ĵȫ¶ڸ׵۱ӵˣ͸еӵˣ
׿СӨ¶˵ѩ壬ʱ˷ܵæɳվּɴİϵ·˸⣬ʱСȴǳʵ¶СӨǰ
СӨȻ֪Ѿϵ·ѹˣʱҲ̲סİת˹۾ĿһۣʱŷĶֻ׿䒴һִִּӲȻ˶ĹͷѼСɱڣһڸ׵Ŀ䲻ͣҡţʾƵģ
δСӨӦͼװȸֿˣȻæ֮䣬ȼ˽֮
СӨʱͱæתһߣȻҧ´Ϊ֪ڶԼȼѨ
׵˫۶ҪðˣΪǰСӨë׵ѨСӨѾԭѨѾЩſ鰵ɫĴҲëѨر˽ֺۣѼһƬֺɫС¶⣬ȥرˣѨʺҲɼѨѾǷĳˣ֭ϵĴⶴ˳
ƯױֲֻڵƵСӨ۵Ĵڲ̲࣬סĺ
СӨ˾͸ӵԼ۵Ĵȱſ˵ѨҺòǵһα׿ҪҸضȥˣ
ѽ֣ٿˣСӨһֱڿѨʱ͸еѨиӵĿԾͺߵĶԸ˵
ΡӨСѨƯһӶǿġױ߶СӨȼѨ˷ܵĶ˵
ٿˣ˼ҶˡСӨ쳣ĶԸ˵
ΡӨðָ𣿡ʵױһֱڶѨߺһ£ֻСӨͬ⣬һֱСӨʱҲ̲סˣԾͿƲס˳
ԵģءСӨ;ܾ˵
ΡӨģֻҪϵĶڰֵжǺܸɾأðɣ˵꣬ҲСӨͬ⻹ǲͬ⣬Ͱõȼһգ;ʹȼʪѨϡ




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֡Ҫ԰СӨͻȻһȼ䣬ҲѨˣʱŵþ;ΪѨϹٸģʱȻǿ͸ˣһҪͷˣôܲеأСӨľҲܵĽס׵ͷ
Ǹô׵ķأеر˷ܣΪ߲СӨ۵ĴڲļסԼ޸ǳأһĴȶǾԲܵģҲֻƾջˣʱСӨ۴ȵڲȴؼסԼ߲ϣⲻǽ޸ǳܽʲôأ
֣ĲаˣġҪͻȻСӨҵĲ˼£־
ԭǸͻȻͷʪĽѨϣеѨͻȻ׵ͷϣѹŻͻȻȫҲҵĲ˼£
ʱҿ쳣˷ܣǼСӨѨ׵͸ˣֻǰ̾СӨѨϹҲٸģھȻ׵͸ˣ˵ʲôأҪСӨ㸸׵ģĿˮֻԼĶˣڵȴʹԼеر˷ܣżػеСӨɳϣȽļסȼͷϣǲԸøѨԴʱСӨֻưڸ׵ͷϣҲ֪ƿ׵ͷʹİѸ׵ͷȼ䰴ȥ
ġ֡ˡˡѽѽѽġ顭ˡСӨͻȻ˷ܵĺͬʱҲ΢΢š
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׵ͷƴСӨѨϹţʱ϶ǿ˵ĻϹţʹСӨܵȫ
ġܡô찡СӨаţȴѸ׵ԽԽֻƽİڸ׵ͷϣʹƣǱʱȴְѸ׵ͷʹԼȼ䰴
Ѩеˮϵı׵ͷ˳ܿͱ˱ĸɸɾȻ˺ŮˮƳˮ˱ɾˣӿ˳
ġôءѽ̫ˬˡСӨѨٱϹģҲôΰɣÿζֻϹһ;̫ˣͲˣСӨûʽ˵ټϹ͹ȫ£Ϲֻй£Ǵ̼ˣԴʱ׵ԽԽˬû뵽ѨᱻôˬҲһβ֪ģ
ΡӨˬ𣿡ˬͻȻСӨȼ̧˷ܵϣ°ϣбϣ϶մ˴СӨѨˮȥ
桭֡򰡡׵ͻȻ뿪СӨȼ䣬ͷķǳѨʱ쳣ˣСӨ˷ܵţ߰Ѹ׵ͷʹȼ䰴
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ʱػеСӨɳϣֻƽİѸ׵ͷȼ䣬ȱǽסģȴſˣܷ㸸׵£Ѿ¶֮ɫֻĿգЩ룬вϵķ˵ġĺˬѽѽѽ֡˼ҵСġˡ
һֱСӨ֮䣬ֲֻڵƽСӨ۴ȵڲ࣬ʹ߳ſСӨȼ䣬СӨԽԽʪѨʹ˱
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ΡӨҪȥˣڿսǰ׻СӨһ
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ΡӨԡԲ𣬰ũ˵ϰˡæǸŻ
СӨ븸׳ũ壬ʶǺܲģƽʱֻ˵ϰˣҲͲˣȻͰ쵽ԼС棬ס׿Ĵһ׼ԼѨٴף֣ԲˣҪ㡭
֪ˣӦһ󣬾Ͱƨǰ涥ȥֻ˶ĹͷҲѨС
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׵ֻ۾ĶСӨزϵֻ˵鷿˷ܵٶȲͣڼ٣
̣ѨʹĳţѨˮ˳ϱĽӴѾʪˡ




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СӨ׸ģָеοָеһɴ⣡ʱҵҲ൱ӵģСӨд⣡Ļ˷ܺʹ̼
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׺ԽսԽ£ͷСǸɾʮ㣬ʹľһֱϺƳƼֵڣֻСӨ޳ȳƵĴȽļߵĲϣʹĒƨɳţֻ۾ֱĶСӨزֻųҡŵѩ鷿жҪҪڲֻ֣Ͱֻ۵ı鷿ıˣ
СӨ뿿ɳϣ޳Ĵȱ׽䣬ȫǳģ˯Ѿ⿪ҷߣ¶ѩ׵ļزϵֻ鷿ϵֱѱԼȥռֻ鷿棬۵鷿Ÿ׵ĳͣҡţŸף
Ѩб׵ĴһԽԽˮϵı˳ʱɼɳѾʪһƬҺüɳʱƤºĨֽһ¾Ͳۼ
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ٴο׿ȻСӨķ漴Сֱ۰ִ˶Ģͷȶ쵰Щ
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СӨǺ󱳳ŸվǰģѾˣʱѾ󱳼ȫģֻСإֵļ̶סǰֱϸӣʱװҲûκεĶԾʹŲͷ˵֣ڸأѲѽԸˡ
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ʱСӨͻȻңҲܹԼ˭أԼڸ׷˯һְŵģˣôˡ




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ΡӨ£ͻȫģϴˣǴҪϴ𣿡˵˳
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ΡӨֵ˼˵ܲȰˣϴ衭׻Ǻ޳ܵ˵˳
СӨʱһ죬γأΪ͸ͬһ䣬˫ѵľ⣬رǸ׿Ȼ۱ӵ»ȥѰǵȫܣѨ鷿ͣͷѪӲرȼѾǷĳˣĺ븸׿ȻԼѨиԼֹˬ˸뷨͵˵Ȼطɣ
ΡӨǾɣ𣿡׼СӨҲˣæ˷ܵĶ˵
⡭ôСӨ˾ʹžȵɫŸʵ
ȻˣΡӨѵҽԺô𣿡ִ˷ܵ˵
⡭СӨʼԥȻûǣǸסԺʱΪ˱ҽԺչ˸ףһչ˵ȥˣʱ뵱ʱ龰СӨ͸ӵĺ
СӨԥУܻˣСĸ׼Ǹᣬͻϼ͵Ķ˵ΡӨ԰˫ַڴשǽϣִӺ㡭Ҳ԰˫֧ϴ̨ϣҲԴӺ١
˵ȥˣδȸ˵꣬СӨѾĴֻǵͨԾæֹס˵ҪǿڸǸʵͽˣڵĴֻѾҪ˵ˣ
СӨȴе˺֣ͬʱҲеΪÿ˵ֻʱܻĪĸеر˷ܺʹ̼ҲĪĸеȣҲ֭ҲƲס˳ģѵҵĺܿ׵ĴֻҪԼôַӦأ
ΡӨǣ㻹ͬⲻͬأגſȻСӨĳʵ
ǣǺðɣԿɡСӨһ죬ҧҧ´˵
СӨȻŸˣҺ꣬ˣҲǰʱźʽƣڸֻСӨʹӦˣСӨѵı׿Ȼǻ˵ҲˣôҾͻΣˣģСӨԲּһһŮˣ˾ˣϣֻһˣҿԸظ֤ģ뵽ҲſˣżػеСӨ͸ȫվҶʱĪ˷ĺڴúʽƴӺСӨһеر˷ܺʹ̼
СӨ΢죬ҧҧ´ĬĬİת˹ȥȻ԰ַֻٰϴ̨ϣƬԸеѩƨɾȻֺʽƺͿֻһأھȻĪĴӦ˸ףǱȻأҲøôʱСӨվϴ̨ǰ棬Ѿںø״Ӻĺʽƣźһ⡣
ΡӨֱӲ𣿡׼СӨ֮ɫĬĬİںɫʱϾӹһϲԾʹ˷ܺ͹ĵʵ
СӨǸŮʿȻ׸׵Ļ֮ˣ˼ԼѨʪҲἱŲģȵһԼѨʪٰȻ룡
ʱСӨ˸׵Ļߺ죬ΪеΪѣԼѨȻѾǳĿҲʪˣǻɸ׿Ȼĳ̶ȣҪǴӦϲ룬һᱻʹģø׵һǾͻᱻģ
ڼػпŸ׵ȻСӨȼĽѨҲǷǳŵģ׿Ƕ̫˶ˣϲСӨ˫ɼĽѨ϶ܲˣСӨһа취ģҪǰôɸ׿Ȼأ
СӨΪѵԥһ󣬾ĵ˵һ䣺ȱ
϶ʱ͸¶ϲ֮ɫΪСӨ˵ĻǶǰһģȻ˼ԼȰһȰȼѨ鵽㹻ʪ󣬲ſ԰ԼȻ㹻ʪѨУ޸ǳĺôܲ˺;ϲأ
֣ܲܿѽôĥĥأװûжСӨʹԹ˵ΪʱѨѾǺܿˣȻҲѾǺʪˣֻԼʪĳ̶Ȼɸ׿ȻģЩе븸׿һ£ҲЩԼˬ
˺ˣϣ׸ղһֱڸ˺;ϲУͬʱֱСӨʽƸסˣƬԸж۵ƨɣһʱˣСӨߴĶʱһ죬æ˵
˵žСӨȥĵשʱӰƬѩ׹⻬ԸΣСӨûа˫ȷֿҽϲסԾмƨɹҲǽһ
СӨܸоĵѾĺˣһܸеʱĸ˫ĿڶԼƨɿΪԼƨϱ׼ٵĺ絽ԼƨϵҲܸоģȻѾ͸׷öܽӴˣʱǲЩźΪԼƨеǸ˵ľջѨϾͻᱻ׿ˣǳŮ˱ܵķӦСӨڲ֪аƨɼеýģʹеŮصĲλ͸ӵˣ
ͻȻֻϼƷֱСӨƬ۶⻬ƨϣСӨҲҡһƨɣҲŽһ
Ƭѩƨ
СӨһΪ֪ƨеľջѨѾڸ׵ˣ
׵۾Ҳһ͸¶˷֮ɫΪѾСӨƨеǸɫСƨˣԼƨ¶˵ĽѨ
ţ̫Ư̫ˣ׻ûϸĿСӨƨۣʱǷǳֻƨۻǷۺɫģ񿡿ƨϺɫģۺɫʾŽۣû뵽СӨƨۻŷۺɫʱƨǽŵģܳϸСƣЩСûһϸëڸ׵ӡУ˻Ůˣƨ϶᳤СϸëģСӨƨô۶ˣǳںԭ򣬸׶˵Ľƨᴵһ
ѽСӨһΪƨϴһ΢ĸоģȻеرĻ˻ƨ˵֣㿴
СӨƨ۾ϹûϸϸĶ˳ʱȴ׿ҵĶʱҲĪӿͷܿ챻ǿƴѹȥˣʣµֻ˷ܺʹ̼
ΡӨƨۺƯŶ״̰ѿ˵˳
˵ˣҲˣСӨƨ۱ıѨܣΪŮ˵ĲλƨˣѨԸ˿˲ٵģΨƨ۲УϹҲǲܸϸģʱȴ׸ôϸĿˣие쳣ҲԼղŵ֪ԼƨɶŸ׵ģøΪԼ飬ƨǾո׵ϴڰ칫ȻҲƨɶŸ׵ģʱʱĽȣ׸ûпԼƨֻۣԼ̫ˣڶеĪˣ
뵽СӨͻȻֱƨҲȻĒֱˣʱͽסˣһ
´½ͻȻСӨһֱȻҲŽϱˣ潿۶˵ƨۺѨҲסˣֱƨУʱ͸еϱͻȻһˮƵģæСӨΡӨǸɶأ
Ǹ𣿲㿴ҵСӨͨ죬˵
ǡô鰡ʵ
СӨҧҧ´󣬾Ͱѩ׵ת˹泯Ÿס
׻ڵשϣСӨͻȻһתʹ۾һһѣֻë׵棬ֻܽܽˣʱһζζʹıǿС
֡ɡСӨԸѨ׵飬ҲԸƨ۱׿
׵ȻСӨ˼ˣȻƨˣǽ۵Ѩ
ΡӨȷֿһЩ𣿡ȽĺϲסȼѨҲȵڲסˣ׻Ǵ˵
СӨ˲û˵ֻԽԽ죬Ȼ߰۵ĴȸֿһЩ
۴ȵķֻֿȼѨҲű¶˳׵˫ĿĶȼ¶ĽѨֻѨѾЩʪˣ鰵ɫĴϳһЩϸëһ״ѨƬ۵СӲǸ˳С¶⣬ˣСӨѾ˵ԭһƯѨѾЩſˣ¶ʪʺ⣡
ѽ֣ͱٿˡֲûءСӨֻ۾ֱĶԼȼ俴ʱ쳣Ľ˵
ΡӨǰֻأ׾Ȼʳô޴Ļ
СӨ˶ʱͨȻݺݵĺ˸һ˵㣡
ǻͰɣǺǣЦǺǵ˵
֣ĳѵ𣿻ôĥĥߴߴģСӨܺѾȲˣΪѨǳĿܣ븸׿ȻѨֹĿǰѨлʺô˶ļͲ룬Ҫ׸һʹѨӵʪ󣬲ſԲ׻ôĥĥߴߴԾ˵䡣
һ죬Ȼæ쵽СӨȼ䣬Ѩһѡ
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ۣΡӨôʪ˰СӨѨһѺ󣬸׾͸еԼʪģԾͰƷһֻ涼ʪ͸ˡ
СӨĶе޵ˣ˵ԼǶԸ׶ˣŻѨôˮʱµĴűԹԸ˵Ϊ㰡ҿ
ǺǣֻܺǺЦ
ЦңСӨ˽Ȼҧҧ´
ЦЦ׻ǺСӨģæ˵ٴΰȼ




 ԡҼ1
šСӨͻȻһΪ׵ָѨС
ʪŶ׵ָСӨȼѨʱ̲סѿڶ˵˳
Ű֣˵㡱СӨһ˵Ϊ׵ָ룬ҲһֹЧ
׿ʼ˵ˣͬʱҲָСӨԽԽѨʹĳšСӨƲסķ˵΢żػеСӨ͸ףѾ˷ܵˣΪʱϱôҶЩٿȥˣ
еСӨȫĿϴϣ󱳶ϴ̨ľӣ泯Ÿ׵ķЩ󰺣ֻֽķϴıԵ޳ʧfĴѾֿԷ㸸׸ĵ飡ϵļʤѩ⻬ϸ壬ûһ覴ãزֻ۷fĸ鷿𶯶šΪܵԭſǻвϵķĸǰʱѾָˣǰСӨȼ䣬һ˱ѨһͷѨʹĹţСӨѨˮֱͬʱ嶼쳣Ѩб׵ͷоʹҪˡ
ͻȻֻСӨֻƴϴıԵ˳Ȼæֻϸסͷʮźָ˸ѾЩϡٵͷ߰Ѹ׵ͷʹ䰴ĺţĲѽֱܰˡ
ҲСӨǵȫѪͬʱҲеǳ⣬ΪСӨߺ˵Ҫ˫ָȴʹİԼͷȼ䰴⵽ҪǲҪأ
Ŀ첻ˡСӨеѨпһһҪﵽ߳ıԵˡ
һ͸ŬͷѨıʹĹţΪ֪СӨҪԼͷĴﵽ߳ˣֻϼƽķСӨѩ׹⻬ĴϣʹȫСӨﵽһС߳
ָָ֣ʹĳ壬ҿҪˡڸ߳ıԵ׵ѾԶԶ㲻ǿҵˣҪָѨ
Ҳļǵøûʱһ£Ͱȼ̽˳ȻæָƴĳѽѽѽģˣҪˣţˡСӨ˷ܵĺֻ嶼ƲסĲţͬʱҲѨӿһˮѸ׵ָƶŪʪˡ
֪СӨѾﵽһεС߳ˣҲæֹͣ˳ˣǴֲڵָСӨǸܵڲϵĳ鴤ţڼл濴СӨȻ׵ָ͸߳ˣʱһΣǰôָ͸СӨأҸ֪ҲָͣСӨҲǲﵽ߳ģΪĹϱɵ͵ʹСӨеرĴ̼ԲŻᱻ׵ָ͸ĸ߳ңСӨо̼ôܻﵽ߳أ
ʱػеСӨΪȫ΢ĲţڽͬʱҲеԼȻᱻ׵ָ͸Ū߳ˣ
ΡӨղ𣿡ѾָСӨѨаγˣվ߹е
šСӨĵ͵Ӧһ
ǣΡӨˣôѽ֧֧Ķ˵ȻͷһǸѾǳӲȻ
СӨܵҲͷһʱľֻ׿ȻѾ͵¶ȥ£ȶ쵰ҪһЩĢͷ͸¶󣬶ͷĶѾðܶ͸Һ壬֪͸Һǰʱõģ
߳СӨеѾָĲˣһеԼѨղŸ׵һ͸߳ɸ׿ǸȻˣŸղԼȷʵˣҲ̫˽ˣҲӦøˡ
뵽СӨĬĬİת˹ȥǰ˫ָϴ̨ıԵƬѩ׹⻬ƨҲȻһķֿ޳ĴȣȺŸ״ӺڣСӨİڳʽƣɵҲôˣֲɵӣһǸܻˣСˣſȻæСӨȻ͵ͷһֻСӨƬѩ׹⻬ȫۣ
̿ˮȻϼָƷСӨƬ۶йѩϸָû˵ֹ⻬ϸ壬һƵģҵԻʮ㣡
һָֻưСӨ֬ĺϣһָֻƬѩ׹⻬ƨϸţֻ۾ȴֱĶƬѩмƨɹʼûпأڿ˵ĹɹҲģ
֣ٸˣ㰡СӨվ֪ƨɶ¶ڸ׵۱ӵ£Ծ͸еּһֱڸԼƨɣʱͨѨֿĸоͲø׿ȻѨֹˬʵҲǺϰȻСӨǽ۵ѨеģǰƨɹҲ̫ˣԾ̲סİָ̽˵ƨɹݺݵһѣ
׵ָСӨƨɹһʱͻȻ߾һ߲ԵĲһ£Ϊе׵ָǲԼ˫ȼ䣬¶ϵһԼƨɹָǾԼѾѨϣٵԼƨϣֱԵָԼصƨɹ¶ϵıһѣеޱȵͬʱҲеǳĴ̼ΪָֻԼָƣϱɹϵʹ˷ܵĻͲĲһ£ͬʱҲ뵽ǴԼλİ칫ҲָͬԼƨɹԼ÷ǳ֪Ů˵ַȿһ
һȻܸоСӨѨѾˣ϶ʱ¶ϲı飬벻ƽʱôׯľĶϱôУѨȻôʪˣȻʹ˷ܵʵӨǲǿԲˣ
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˾ͼɴİĴСӨƨɼʪѨУҲзִģһпϧ֮ģһ壬ûаȻСӨѨУֻ˶Ģͷֹͣ˳壬ûһ
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ΪͻȻеѨбһȵĴĢͷ÷ǳŮ˵ɵģֻҪĢͷټһ㣬ɵѨͲеʹǻеģСӨȻееʹסûкгָֻȴץסϴ̨ıԵҧ´ŸװʣİѨС
׼ֱˬȥˣΪеԼĹͷСӨĽİסĽӴˣԼѾСӨӳһˣԼĶϱǸƯŮʿžµ٣Ƥ˸ׯʣЩӰŮǶҪÿԼȴǸũׯںû飬һ仰Լȣֱһϣһڵ£ʮǧ
׵ڶΪһֱԼĹͷȴеĲԼôƯϱ۵ѨУʺķǳ˷ܵæƨǰһͣʱ顱һ˶ĹͷͼɵѨУʣİҲȫûܸеͷѨӹˣʱˬľ̲סĺ˳
װʣѨʱСӨ̲סĺʱ͸еԼѨŵķǳı㣬׳İͻŵķǳͬʱеѨӹͷݺݵĴһ£ʱеȫˣּܵĸеʹƲסĽгͻȻϹڸڵ鷿±ԭɣͽҧ´Լ
ȵ׼ֱˬˣԼİͿʵʵĲԼϱѨУʱ˷ֻܵ߰ϼָСӨ۶еԵϣ߰۵Ѩа֮Ȼƨʹǰһͣոհγ֮ȫѨˡ
šҧ´СӨǿƲסĽһ
̡ĳϱĽ֮˳
ʱָ˷ܵĿżػеСӨվڸϴ̨ǰ棬˫ָ֧ϴıԵ¶ѩ׵κȡ׹վƨɺ˫ָƬѩ׵ƨɣĴƨɼʹĳš
ֻһʱ䣬СӨѨеɧˮ׿ϵĳ˳ϱĽӴŪöģˣЩɧˮѨֱ˳СӨѩ״ȵڲ
ǿ׳ģСȴɾȥʮ㣬ֻ˫סСӨƬѩΣվƴĒƨɳš
ģˬˬˣСӨҺ»ᱻڵ˽֪ʱڿŸļػ棡һ߽ҧ´һﺰšΪ׵Ĵ׳ѨвͣĳţѨĦԽԽԽԽпУеȫÿ񾭶رѨӹʱʱı˶Ĺͷִĸеʹ嶼һУˬĸоϹǴûиģҲֻи׿Ĵ׳ŻʹȵˬͿС
ױ߻Ӷſʹĳţһ߰ǰСӨ޳׵ĺϣֻϼҲСӨѩ˳СӨƵǰأֱסֻΪŸ׵ĳϻζŵİ鷿ʼʹš
֡㡭ء֪Ǹ̫˷˵ԭ򣬻ǸױоԭСӨеԼزϵֻ鷿׵ָƷֱסЩʹԾҲ̲סſں˳
æ󣬱߰ʹСӨĶߴŴӨ𣿡
СӨͨ죬ҧҧ´ǽӦţ
ϲֵļ𣿡׼СӨ˵ʱ˷ܵ
׵ĴֻʹСӨе˴̼ƽʱϹڻʱһֻҲ˵ģÿκ͸׻ʱʱʱĻļֻܸһִ̼УСӨûзԣҪĻǸũ˵ϰˣҲѾǸĲˣ
šϲšġˬšСӨţ߰׷ֿһЩΪ׵һЩվһֿƨҲŰһЩԾ͸ӷ㸸׵ĳˣ׸ղŶżģʱСӨİȷֿƨҲЩԾͲżˣ˫ŵأе֮ǰɶˣԳٶҲżӿ
ʱֻ淢̡ĳ
ʮӺͻСӨ˷ܵĺѽѽѽţˣ̫ˬˣ֣˼Ҫ߳ˡ
˼ңڼҲ˲ٴСӨ͸׵ȫˣûСӨ˵˼ҡ֣ʱȻԸ˵ҶʱĪĸеΣΪ˼Ů˶֣֮ǰСӨû˵֣ΪҲֵ֪Ҫԣ
СӨڵĸ߳ԵɣŻʧȥǵ˵˳̫˰ɣôʱͻȻӿΣҲʧˡ




 ԡҼ2
߳СӨ죬ղŵĸ߳ʵ̫ˬˣܸԼղһˬôԼҲˣô׵Ȼˣ˵ʲô޲ˣԼѾ׵Ȼˣָ߳ʱĸоҲֻиܸԼκ˶ǲԼģ°Ըֻˣ
Բҵĺܻ벻׵ģԭ𣿴ʱСӨİ˵ҵȻĻˣ
СӨת壬ܵĵͷһ۸׵Ŀ䣬ȻȻôΰִҲǲϵģ˵һε⣬Լ׵Ȼһθ߳ôأ
ΡӨ𣿡״ŵӵСӨ
㣬㲻𣿡Ǹղ뵽Լ°ԸҪ׵ԭСӨҲĪĹˣ
ǺǣôأǰִţҪһҲе۵ģЦǺǵ˵
֣ʵģϾǰˣɲܳǿŶһҪʵҵĺҪءСӨĵԸ˵
СӨĻеһëҲûУǵģѾˣĺҪ׵ģҲͲˣһһһĸо
϶ʱ͸¶ϲæСӨ˵ΡӨͷİɣһᱣʵģ°ֻḺ𵽵׵ģ
СӨůůģֻǶԸ׵ˣҲЩϲˣСӨеǳĺ£ԼǴӦģԲԸһ죬ԼȴеϲϸˣΪײΣմӴͽ־ԼǷǳеģҲǸڼԼеļ飡пǸ׶ԼĺãôĹĺչԼԼһôʯԼе벻ľȻĸоʹһҲģ
һһɣôأ
ΡӨ𣿡׷СӨ쳣Ծ
֣ʲô°ڵĿˣСӨֻĿһ۸˵
СӨһᵽ׵ͿʼźͲȻϾԼһʺһģԼȻռţĻǸеǷǳģ
ڻСӨᵽңʱҵҲеůůģСӨϾҵģ
֣ǱˣϴɣСӨԼһᵽϵıͱòһˣΪ׵ıǷǳӵģΣΣкڣ
ҡ׼СӨᵽˣЩӵıҲʧˣȻ͵ͷԼĿ䡣
СӨȻ֪ʲô˼ˣȻŽӴ£ǶѾˣԾʹ˵֣ϴطٸɣ
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֣㲻嶼ʲôˣǸϿϴϴɣΪղŵļҸ߳СӨڻһƬģ壡׵ĿҲģ
ţǾϴɣڴ˻Ҫϴģ׺ھϴ裬֮⻹Ǽһϴ衣
ʵ׶ǺСӨģΪʲôôأΪղŲٵĻ񫣬еȻﻹǷǳܣٲСӨһΣǹ˼СӨܣ˵ѣ
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ΡӨִӦ㣬ִӦˣ˵˶ʱ͸˵ڴӦš
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ΡӨ㻹վ𣿡СӨĻŸеԼȻѾǷǳˣ
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Өͺá֪ڵӰԺ͵͵ּ˵飬˵͵ҲֻСӨ
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ĻڷӳʲôѣѾϱ޹ˣڶ԰֮Уˬ֮УȻڲ˫סСӨϵֻ鷿Ǹ׻а취ģֻȻСӨزĦϵֻʱ鷿ѽѽѽֲҪģˬĺˬѽšŮ˵鷿رУڷʱ͸ӵˣ鷿ᱥͣͷҲᷢӲʱҲеģͻȻ׵ʹĦţʱˬСӨܲˣڲԵķ΢֮ҲǺܵ͵ģһԵӰԺҲǺģСӨҲ֪ڵӰԺҪڼҲƲסߵģ
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׵ľ൱ʢģʱӢ֮أƾʵǿ״;չʾҲǼܷյ飬ʲô취أ
СӨѾǺˣ˶ѨвеĽˬҪˣѨеĿһһ֭Ҳϵı˳֪˶ãͻȻСӨ۽Ĳڸ׵Ĳϣƨɻΰڵĸˣз˷֮ܵѽѽѽġ첻ˡҪҪˡ
֪Ҫ߳ˣ˫ƽƬѩϣƴ壡
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һѨӿ˳⸸ҲǸоĵģΪѨײţûб⼡ײ˳
СӨۻǽĲڸ׵Ĳϣϵֻʵ鷿Ҳѹڸ׵ϣļϣĽڸ׵ĲϣʱڸŸ߳ζ



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СӨź͸ѾܶεܽӴˣĪеϲϸˣԲûиеǴ󷽷վڸ׵ǰԡš
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СӨղŶԸ˵ĻҸˣ˵ŴĻҲǿ⣬СӨôƯһŮʿܲϲҵּǸ׿ϲСӨСӨԲϲϸף
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ڼػСӨ︸ҲˣֻҪ鲻죬͸κҶᷴԵģһеˣԽȣҾԽܹ񫣡
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еͷŸ׵ĿţһֻڲϴŸ׵ΡӨֵⶫӽԺרҪúõĴϴŶǺǡЦǺǵĵͷСӨ˵
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ʱСӨеܲϰߣһζҲûУһǸùģҪƽʱҲøùķϴԼģ
ϱ԰ԼһСӨͷϵķĭɾȻͷŻԭʱˣСӨüͷ۾ɨһ飡ֻиõһë



ڰ СӨ
ΡӨٽһ°ɣðֵëɣ״СӨɫоͿëˣֻԼһëԾʹΪѵ˵
Լ͸ȫǳģҶûаϵʪˮʪˮɣСӨͷҲֻø׵ľëˣ
æľëݸСӨΡӨȲɣ
СӨӹëûϿʼϵʪˮϴ̨ǰѸ׵ëϴ˺üκڱӱţȷûζŷϲ
СӨʪˮɺ󣬾üͷʸף֣ûϴë
ְũ嶼һëģϰˣԾ͡׷ǳε֧֧СӨ˵
СӨ˾͵һģҸղŲëƽʱ׶ϴģʱ͸еһģˣˣҲûл֮ˣֻëʪˮĲˣ
ȲСӨƵĿ첽߳䣬Ҳ˸ˣ
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ԴСӨеĺίҲĪıԹϹˣ˭ŵϵģں˼ôίøϴë˯ôı
ǱԹ鱧Թղ䱻׿ȻĸоԱԹҲˣ
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ΡӨԺϰߵģͻȻת˹泯СӨǺǸġ
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ҵֻ֡͡һһ£æ㿪СӨҷϢһϹ˼ĸеΪԻǷϢ˵ϹԺޣа֣ô˼ҵ˼ܸܲ˼Ҷʱ䣬ʱȥֵķ˯Ҫ˼ҲûװҲûе׵ģ˵ÿ˼ȥΰֵķҹҪ˼Ҷڰһʱˣ˼Ҿͻȥֵķ˯İѽϹǿϢͿʼ˷ܵģڿʱѾԽԽ˷ˣСӨĲǸŮʿȻҪҸƶȥ׷ҹڣҲû뵽£ȴ뵽ˣҵȻǺܸˣΪҲΪ¸еͷʹءҰѷŸ˲űСӨȥ׷ҹģԺأѵҪȥ׷ҹ϶Ǹ°ںˣ벻СӨҽ⣬ôܲأ
ʱСӨֽŵעңȻû׿˵ϹϢô˵ϢϵҲ뷨ܲеΪﻹϹ뷨᲻ɣ᲻ȡЦԾͷǳŵĿϹˣ
ţлл㣬лл㣡ллΪҳôõ⣡ҿϢ쳣ĶСӨ˵
Ϲͬ˼ҵ뷨𣿡СӨôһ˵ôллʱϵĽѾʧˣʣµȫ֮ɫȻЩĵҡ
Ȼͬˣţ֪ҲΪ¸еͷʹأԺ㲻ȥ׷ҹˣǺǣ벻ôõ뷨ˣȫͬأ쳣˵ĶСӨ˵
ϹûȡЦ˼СӨҵĻҲǷǳϲģǱȴǴźΪҡ
ţǻȡЦأ˶أһҪллλŮʿŮأҸ˵ĶСӨ˵һ
СӨϵʯͷˣΪڸ׷ҹرеģϹƲٰˣԾŮ˵˸ƵģҪߵ˺ʱвͻоģ
ţȳԷɣôڣ𣿡סеϲ˷ܣȻ˵
ţǳ԰ɣСӨҲˣһ°ԸˣΪղƶڵ뷨Щߺ죡
Ȼ޾ͿʼĳʮӺǶѾԱˣҼʱ仹磬ͽзԱ̲裬ͺСӨţ˵ҽԺҪסأ
֪أҽİɣҿΰֻסһЩģѾסôˣֵĲ鲻ûкתҽҲû׼СӨŵǵ˵󣬾̾һҲֳݣ
ţҲôģҪȥҽԺɣúҽ۰ֵĲ鵽ôˣ𣿡Ұο˵
ţҲأ°ȥҽԺɣСӨͷͬˣ
ŶҪҪҰһ£ҪЩؼҳԷͻȻСӨ
˼զ֪Ҫ͸£СӨһ죬ߵİһ˵
ŶţҪɣҰֲĵҴҽԺؼǽǾͲڼҳԷˣаҲûؼҽԺǣʱǺһԷһؼңðҪ⳵ؼңţ㿴ź𣿡˵ҵ뷨ҾСӨ
ţҲðҲֶҰһСӨ˵žͽЦ
˽ģȫǴ˽ĵģǺǣҿЦĶСӨ˵
ֶҰһСʱ˽ҽԺչʮأô˵СӨͲĶ˵
ţҪҲʮ죬ҽԺչְɣֿЦĶ˵
Ҫ֪㹫˾ôæͬôٵģ˵һףһףˣСӨûİһ˵
ǺǣţⲻǸ㿪Ц𣿡ЦŶ˵
˵Щˣ߰ɣСӨֻ˿Ͷ˵
һ£ţæס
Ϲ𣿡СӨʵ
ţҰǱ߻˵ɣҶ˵
ΪʲôҪ˼Ҹ˵أСӨ˵˳
ѽţʲôҰֵģǻİҰ˵һЩأ
ΪʲôѽСӨʡ
ΪΪҰڴأ԰δ˵꣬ӭͷһֽұ߾һæ㿪ˣ
СӨֶҵźݺһеֽĶ˵ϹƤǲǣֺ˵˵ˣ
ûûУЦǺǣţ¾ô˵ˣˣ߰ɣұæ˵߳վ
ˣСӨ߰һ˵Ҳվ
ʵҾǹСӨ֪ͨ׵ģ๵ͨҲкõģɷĻܰǴһģ֪СӨҵɷĻأ




ʮ װһ
°ʱ䣬ҿСӨĵλϳ󣬾ҽԺķȥţ֪ͨҰûУұ߿ұ߸ʻϵСӨ
ţ˵ˣСӨɬɬ˵
Ұô˵ֺЦ
˵ʲôѽͶҰһ𣿡СӨЩߺ죬ɬɬĶ˵Ȼ͸ֳڵλİ칫׷Ϣľ󣬴ʱСӨ͸׷һϢȥ֣ϲûؼˣҽԺҺͿ
ܿ죬׾ͻϢʵӨզ
֣°ȥҽԺžˣ
ŶˣӨͲְܺϢûб֪׻ع˵
СӨϢһ죬Ȼҧҧ´׻˹ȥΰңҽԺûУ
ûأģŮҽԺչ۰֣˼ҿɿأǺǣ׻ع˵ȻǴſЦ˵ģ
СӨ˸׵Ϣ󣬶ʱͨŸ׻ǲҪأĻ˵ĳҺûб֪ҪǱ֪ˣŹأ
СӨȻŸףȴĪĸе˷ܺʹ̼ţǸزԾˣôָоأ
ʱСӨΪָое˳裬Ȼæ׷һϢȥΰңΰңԽԽˣⶼҰˣǲҪ궼Ұֻ꣬ҰֵŮŶûأ붼Ҫ룬㣬ҰֻпһŮأ
ϢСӨһĪĸе˴̼ҪҰֵŮǼر̼
ޣģô뷨أСӨΪ߳뷨е죡Ǹղڼٵȴͣˣ
ϢˣӨⲻǸ㿪Ц㣬ôˣǲҵֵŮˣǺǣ
СӨֱ׵Ϣǵ߳ŭʱ͸׷һϢȥΰң˼أǲϵƤˣ飡͸ˣ
ӨʵǶз֮ʵˣڰֵĿУĸĸҵĸǲǰǺǣֻع˵
СӨ˸׵Ϣҧҧ´˵ҲЩģԼˣҲֻ޲ģ˵ҸĸĸҲЩģԾԽԽеֲԵĸ׻Ϣȥΰңѹ϶Ұ˵ЩĪĻΪ˼Ҳ֪ǻ͸ˣ
ٺ٣ӨԭҲˣ
мＸһ֪㰡涼ǻˮأΪ˼Ҳ֪СӨյĻϢף
Өԭô˽ְ飬أǺǣƤЦĻع˵
СӨıÿЦˣôƤˣȻͷ˵ΰңҺúչҰ֣Ҫչ˲ܵ˼ôʰ㣡
Өˣչ˺۰أǺǣûƤûĻϢ˵
СӨĸŪûˣԾͷǳĻعȥ˵ǺãҪǸ͵Ұֵ棬ͺһ˼Ұ֣𣿡
ҲңǺǣӨⲻǸ㿪Ц㣬ôˣǺǣ
СӨԸ׵ûƤûûˣֻܻع˵㳶ˣ˼Ҫˣݰݣ
СӨ׷ϢͷڼٵţָеϺ̺̣Īĸе͸ֻرĴ̼СӨҧҧ´󣬾ʹӰ칫ϳվ뵽칫һ£Ҫܻղź͸ϢĴ̼죬ʱСӨͻȻô˵ŻĪĻ͸ϢĴ̼ģ
𣿺Ǻǣұ߿תСӨһۡ
Ϲǲ˼ˣСӨƵķҡ
ţŴ˵ĻҶǰٷ֮һŵģǺǣæЦǺǵĶ˵
⻹࣡СӨ
ţҲͻȻи뷨˵֪᲻ͬأͻȻ룬СӨ˵
Ϲ˵ɣʲô뷨ˣСӨĽЦŶ˵
ţ㿴вУһø˵ϴ׳һԷ͸һԣأǵĵݺˣţ㿴
˵תýźеĿ⿴СӨ
㡱СӨͨ죺̫ˣĳ
ţǸ̼˵ڲǸƽǲǰæ˵
ǣСӨûһ˵ǣҲѷǴģûзԣһϲеӦûϷģ
ţͬⲻͬⰡСӨ󣬾ʹڴͿĿעСӨ
ҡСӨԥš
ţ˯һˣ˵ǲǳȥԳԷֻҪһװһƵľͿֲҪ飬ʲôأҼСӨԥУֿĵĶ˵
ǺðɣǾ£СӨںͬˣ
ҶʱĻŭţͬʱҲĪ˷Ȼ͸˵ĶСӨ˵ţ̫ˣǾô˵ŶǺǣ
ţСӨӦһȻҲе˷ܺʹ̼ͬʱĪĻ͸ϢеĴ̼졣
šͻȻĺһ
ţСӨӦš
ܲǰͨأ㣡Ҵ˷ܵ˵
СӨûлӦҵĻ΢죬Ȼҧҧ´ֻڴ֣һʱ͸˵Ķڿˣת۵Ĳϡ࣡һ
СӨ˼Թ˵ѽʲôأСĿѽ
֪֪Ǻǣ˵žͿʼרĿˣ
ҽԺԺҺСӨסԺķȥ߻ǲĵĵţҰͨûУ
˵˰ͷİɣСӨ˾ûİһ˵
ǰͬ𣿡̲סʵ
ôõ飬Ǹ˻ܾСӨְһ˵
ǺǣҲǣҲǣҵôƯûһ˻ܾôأҸ˵ЦǺŶ˵
ˣҲĳСӨûĶ˵
ٺ٣ţ˴˱˴ˣ㲻Ҳĳƶ𣿺ǺǣҲʾڨЦŶ˵
СӨֱһҵֱۣ߽Ǹ㻹˵˼أ
ǣǺǣСӨ˵ԿңΪʱǾԲģҲֻ˳ˣԾæš
븸׵Ĳڲϣڴ죬Ů㻤վڴͷǰʰŲ;ߣǸոճ
ŶˣŮ㻤תʱҺСӨ벡ͶǴպ
ҺСӨͬĶ˵˾䡰ҿˣ
ûûУⶼӦģһɣȥϴһ£Ů㻤Ų;ſȥ߿Ķ˵
ӨӨˣˣҲ˵Ķ˵
׼ˣҲæվҲѷ֣СӨж͸¶⣡
˵棬СӨֱӸˣر͸ϢĵЩϰ־ڲϣ͸еΪˣ
ҺСӨڲһ󣬾ͺһ˲ҽʦİ칫ҡ
ҽʦýֵҹ࣬ڰ칫ճԺͣҲǳ飬ȻǾĲܲȶʱʱҪҽԺ۲һʱ½ۣǼҪԺҲͬ⣬ұ֤⣡
ҺСӨ˺󣬾һ£Ժ۲죡
ҽʦ칫ҳСӨأ֪ǵĲ飬Ͱο˼仰ſ
ֻص˲ʹǴ׳ȥ˵һܶˣĻ˸еֻĸƵģûйŮŮ
˾ЦǺ͵͵һСӨСӨûУ۰ֻǹ׼Ůģ
СӨǸǳŮˣȻܶ˼ˣʱһ죬æıܿ˸׵Ȼ͵͵ڸ׵ĺһ£
ΪǶվڲǰվСӨߣСӨ͵͵ڸ׵ĺһ£Ǹģ
׼СӨ͵͵һĺ϶ʱӹһϲȻҲ͵͵СӨһѣ
СӨʱһ죬Ÿ׵ĵԽԽˣȻҵԼϰֺͿ͵͵ԼƨһѣǸе̫ˣæת뿪˲ߣ
СӨ뿪ͱжˣΪʱľԼ֪СӨΪʲô뿪ߵģ
֣ȥԷˣ극Ǿֱӻؼˣ㣡ͺúɣҰֻģҶڲϵĸ˵
õĺõģȥԷɣ㻤ˣҲϰˣǺǣЦŶ˵
֣ϰ˾ͺãҲˣСӨҲæ˵
ӨӨ㹫ǸˣԺһҪĹã֪𣿡СӨ
֣֪ˣֻǣͱˣСӨæ˵ģϰҪҶԹãҶõȥˣ
СӨĻȫЦݣȻ͵͵СӨһۣ˼ҪҺõģ
СӨô᲻׸׵˼أʱµıܿ˸׵Ȼת˵ȥԷɣ
ȻҲʮڴȥģΪʲô˵ҲӦ֪˰ɣ
ȻǾǣ뿪˲ڲϣҾĪ˷͹СӨ͸ף֣СӨʲôأ
ҹ˵ҲǰʾСӨ͸ˣǲһԣҾǵĵˣ
СӨãЦʸף֣ϲʲôأ㾡˵Ϻúÿһ٣
СӨҲѾˣҲǷǳˣȻ͹˽Ųø׺СӨǰ档
ΡӨҲ֪ʲôʲôҲʲô׵Ļ˵Ҳ˵СӨˣˣ
ǾȥԺʰɣþöûгԺ̲أСӨЦŶԸ˵
ðɣǾȥԺ£Ҳͬˣ
ҹŲԶԶĸ󣬼ʲôƵģ׽۵ȥʲôҲˣҲĸˣ
ҽԺסԺǾͣȥʱҽ׷ԽȵͣķȥʶƵģ
СӨ͸׼ԽͣķߣּԽԽԶˣȴʼŲͬţΪСӨ˽»ҪԸ˵
֣ĵӲСڲ˼ҵĹɣСӨֵԸ˵
ǺǣӨֺͿҲ֪ģ˵͵͵ҵ𣿡ЦŶ˵
СӨҧҧ´Ȼתһ˵ˣƽˣҪװһԣݵһ㣡
ǺǣӨԲʧģ׸˵ĶСӨ˵
ŶݼǼʶģСӨͻȻ츸׼װۣݵĻһСıƭˣʱͽЦŶԸ˵
ٺ٣Цˣ׿ҲĳԾڨЦ˵һ䡣
ǿ߰ɣڳϵˣСӨǰҶѾڳˣͶԸ˵
ȵȣӨͻȻס
ţСӨתŸס
ΡӨһڳòã˵˳
ԣСӨȻܴ󷽵ĴӦˣΪڿʼҪ͸׼װһԣ͸һǾͲһˣ˵ϹҲӦԼǰġ




ʮ ϵ
ҽ복ںӾСӨ͸һ֪˵Щʲô˵ʲôֻҪһ͸ˣһĪ˷
ľ飬ҾȻѸʻϵĳҲˣԷһҪСӨʱߵʻϣŸ׵ֲ˼ȥΪǸѾĬԼֻҪ֪ͺˣԲܵƵģ
һͼСӨ͸˳Ȼ˺棡ҼҲſˣȻЦǣ֣СӨûУʲô
Өģ˵ԺأСӨ˵׾æ˵
õģǾȥԺʰɣǺǣ˵žЦΪСӨ͸׻ǵһμװһԣǺпǼɫеģұҪװνЦҲԵûѹļװһˣ
ҰѳʻҽԺͣȻһĺʳǿȥھ˾ҲûȨ˵ֻĬĬĿųȴʱʱӾ￴һ£СӨ͸ںλϣʱһЩ룬Ҳ൱ı֣ҵĲЩǶ˵˵ôôأֲܴǣһרĿ㳵
ںλϵСӨ͸ףǰ濪ųﻹŵģǸһʵʵţֲ˵
ʱĳһ󰲾ڣҰͲסˣȿ˵ˣ֣СӨզ˵أ
˵ʲôѽСӨʡ
ţ⻹ҽСӨҲǵģǸŮʿأﰵţ
˵£˵һ䣡
ֻܿĳˣСӨŲͷ˵
˾ͱͲ˵ˣΪĵأ
СӨ˵󣬾ͰƨһŲȻŸһ
һ϶ʱӹһϲ֮ɫȻæһ§СӨϣ
׿ΪҿأʵںӾ￴һʱҾĪĸе˷ܣжˣ
СӨ׵ֱ۴ĺƵǰ水ԼСӣһ죬Ȼ˳ƿ˸׵ϣ
Ÿ׵һֻҲСӨĴϣֻһ㱡ȹӣ
СӨŵľϴӸ׷ʱϵǼȹҲƽʱϲģȹǶVģźԲ۶¶棡VҲ¶һСƬѩϸļȹӵСȴģʱȶǱȹӸסģ
ʱĸױ§СӨĺ߸ȹĴĸţΪǿԲŻôĴˣ
СӨȻ֪ҿںӾ￴ںˣҲ߸׵ģҪô
ĸ׾ȻСӨȹӸȥΪСӨǲϰߴģȹӵ°ڱϣֻ׹⻬ֱСҲ¶һסڿųһ͸ӾװСӨȹȥʱ˷ܵ˫ֽס̣ҲˣΪҸеڳϸ׶СӨĵ͵ĸоرĴ̼
СӨ֪͸ӾڿЩΪ飡ڸ׵ĻУ죬ģҹ񫣬ֲǵװȹϥʱǳŮԱܵķӦæְס˸ȹӵ֣ȻתŸҡҡͷ˼ǲԵģ
ǸΪǿģʱһ͵֣֪СӨ϶ǲҺеģԾͻŽʹĵҲԽԽСӨҡͷæǴſڳζĿСӨĶߴȥ׵ͶûСӨĶߣŵһƨɿڳζŸ׵͵͵ʹԼĶӨǲҪװһղҽԺͣңҪݵһЩÿҪǶˣͻ֪ģ
ţҿɰĹ֪ʱ͸ӾڿأȴһֱڹСӨԸ˵߰ѰڸֱϵɿˣΪѾ¶Ļȥˣ͸ˣϹ֧֣ʲôµأ
͸Ӿ׵ʹСӨĶ߲֪˵ЩʲôȻСӨɿ֣ʱԽ˷
׼СӨɿˣ͸¶ϲ֮ɫȻְȹȹӵٴαϣֻСӨ޳ȳƵѩ״Ҳ¶˳СӨȻѾ¶Ҫȥˣǵװȹ϶ʱͷԼ޳ĴѾȫ˱¶лǸеΪк֪ڿϹ͸ӾȫԿȹڿ㣬ȴǿģǸĽǶȫ෴ģ
״ϼɳֽƵСӨ۹⻬ĴĦţȻеЩʹĻǸе˴̼
𽥵ģ׵˳ѩ׵Ĵȥ
СӨ֪ʱϹǿģͬʱҲе׵ƶҪĴȸˣľҧ´
׵ƲûмǲСӨȵڲวСӨѾĪĸеı仯ȫȣ鷿ͣͷҲЩӲˣرȼҲֵķӦ
ϵַӦǶģΪϹǰ濪͸Ӿܿ뿿ڸ׵ϣϹ汻§ţҸ׵ƻĴڲวţԴ̼ȫԵľ˷Ӧ
ͻȻֻСӨüͷһ£ҪʧгҺӦ죬æסͣûз
ԭ׵СӨĴȲ࣬ͻȻһƾڿĵˣѨѹд˷Ӧأ
һֱΪǰ濪ǿģСӨֲҽгԵҲԽԽƾȻСӨڿϸȻһ㱡ڿ㣬Ǹ׻ǸоĵڿѨ״ָһͻ˽ȥָоʹ׸еرҶӿǰ濪ųԼȴ§סţƲȼ丧Ѩʹ׸еر˷ܺʹ̼ʱ͸Ӿ׵ƲСӨȼ䣬ſѨʱ˷ܵĲղסˣָоȿػҪ̼Ķ࣡
СӨ糺죬һֻסͣһֻƽץס׵󣬲Լȼ丧ţǸ׵ܴСӨֲʹȫ¶˻ᱻǰ֪ڸϼǸʽ
ͻȻСӨתŸף͸¶󣬱סͱ߶ҡҡͷϻſǻı飡
ȴװŲ˼ȼƸڿ㻹ʹĸţţô죿ΰ̫ˣԼݵ㣬ɲôݵİһϷǲڽ֮а
ͻȻСӨüͷֽһ£ͬʱȫ΢Ĳһ£סͣߵɴ۾Ÿʹҡͷ淢һܵ
ԭ׾ȻָڿԵķ棬ָʹѾʪѨˣСӨŻǿҵķӦˣ
е׵˳ſԵ룬ԼѨѾеı׵ָˣСӨʱͨ
ںӾ￴ҲǷǳָȻСӨĿڸѨҶʱ˷ܵĻ̲סĲһ£ţգöʻһγҪײˣҶʱųһ亹ּӾеСӨſǻһסͣһץס׵еһۣټϸղŲײΣգҾ͹
ҵĿʱҲһæָСӨڿ˳ҲСӨȼϵı͸¶ź͵ӣ
СӨҵĿҲһȻ͸ˣװȼˣʱæ˸׵Ļæȹס°ȣȻͰ֮ɫ
ҲʼʵϻǴŽź֮ɫܱҵĿŵòᣡ
ҴӺӾ￴СӨ͸׻ŵİּֿСӨߺ죬źΣʱҲǺܺڵģû뵽ԼĿ԰Ѹ׸ųҪǸӰǾ鷳ˣ
СӨҲϵĽźˣּ˫ַĴĦš
ҧҧ´СӨץס˸׵ƣȻǣƷм䣡
׵ƱСӨסϵĽźҲ𽥵ʧˣ
ʵСӨǷǳģױųҲӰôϵļװһԾݲȥˣԾס֣οһ£Ȼ׵Ͻźξʧˣ
СӨο׵СںӾҲˣǺ
żӺ󣬾͵ĺʳǣ³СӨȻ󷽷һź۵ֱ§˸׵ֱۣ
ʱ׸е𾪣Ҳе𾪣
߰ɣǽȥɣСӨ§Ÿ׵ֱۣߴ󷽵ĶǸ˵
ҶʱͻعȻЦ˵Ƚȥλõˣɣ
˵գҾֻܿ첽ʳǵĴȥ
ԶˣײŸҿСӨӨôô§ŰֱֵأôƯǸֳͷӣ㲻±Ц𣿡
СӨЦЦȻͶԸף֣Цʲôأ˶ΪǸŮϵأŮ§Űְֱֵۣ˭Цأ
¶εһЦٺ٣ҲҲǣ˵գͱܵĿ˿Χˣûע⵽أ
֣ǽȥɣСӨ§Ÿ׵ֱۣЦݵĶ˵
Ů͸ŮɣֻҪСӨ§ҵֱ۾ͺãı߰ţȥʳһ¥Ĵмʮ䣬еһ棬ĸ߶ֻһ׶ߣͷ¶
һųʱһһߣСӨ͸װһҵĶ棡ҲĪЩ˷Ȼʸף֣ѵһԣǸͺȵưɣ
ҲҲãֿǺþûкȾˣϵôຣʣֵľˣǺǣЦǺǵĶ˵
ѽ֣ҪٺȵŶҪСӨϰ֣ȵҽԺˣԾҲܵĸף
ӨİɣİְÿκȾƶô̰Ǻǣæ˵
ѾзԱһƿ׾ƣ򿪺ȸ׵һȻԼҲһ
һܺ𣿡СӨֹˣ
Ǻǣû£ֵľôãôҲЩŴӰɣЦǺǵĶСӨ˵ʵҵľǺܸߵģֻƽʱȶѣСӨҲ֪ҵľжߣ
ҲҪٺȵ㣬㻹ҪأСӨ˵
Ⱦ˾Ͳˣȥһ㿪ɣæ˵
ҲУֺ£ʵСӨƽʱǺ˺ȾƵģ̰ԾƵᷳҲһȾƵģѵȾƣҲǺˣ
֣ǺȰɣҶƱԸ˵Ȼͺһڣ
Ҳæ˾ƱȺһڣ
ǳԲ˰ɣȳЩȣСӨӶһڣæ˵
ȻǾͿʼ
ųԺ߰˷ӺӾѾһֵϾƣ
СӨ˾üͷҺȶˣ׵ľģ
֣СӨҾҶƱСӨ͸˵
СӨһ죬׾ɻĿ⿴ңҾƵ˼һǾСӨġ



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ҼɻĿ⿴ң㶣ȻеΣǲǺһеƲסԼˣôƾ׺СӨأǸײ֪һֽͱˣǸҪˣ
СӨҲע⵽˸׵ɻҵΣʱͱ͵͵һ¸׵䣬߶ϱЦ˵֣ȻˣǾͺ£
֪СӨǸҽΧԾøмĿ⿴һ£
úúãӨǾͺȰɣǺǣҲæ׾ƱЦǺǵ˵
Ȼ˶һڣȻСӨȵϣ
лл㰡˾ƣ׶˵ӦҪлˣҰôƯӶˣ
֣лʲôأǶһأǺǣΧ¶ЦݵĶԸ˵
ǰǶһأǺǣױ߶Ц˵µһֱֻ߷СӨĴϣűȹĸš
ҾСӨ͸׶棬СӨûκα飬Ҹ֪ʱ׵¸СӨĴȣ
֣ллСӨȫļ£Ҿ㣡ҽžƾֱֶԸ˵
һֻ¸СӨĴȣһֶֻ˵˵ʲôأڼû£ӨҲӦõİҲš
֣ǻˣүٺһڰɣҰѾƱеľƱһײȻͺһڣ
СӨһֵĵĶ˵ٺȵ㰡Ļ䣬ͻȻüͷһ壬ͬʱҲһ
СӨôϷСӨ쳣æ
ûأСӨ˶Ͷ˵
ԭСӨں˵ʱ׵ƾ˳ĴڲȥȻȹȼһ£ѹŻ˵쳣Ӧأ
Ҹּ֪СӨ˵û£ҲûˣȻ˵֣СӨôأԲ˰
׵˼£ΪֻСӨȼȹӺڿѨ
СӨıˣ˼ԲأҵĻ͵͵ֵ׵ĴϣȻһ£
ҵĻּСӨĴһ£ʱæƴСӨȼ˳ȻʲôҲûƵĺЦ˵Բ˳ԲˣǺǣ
׵һ뿪СӨȼ䣬ŰһȻ΢Ц˵Ҳ԰
ȻǾͿʼʱҲʵһסƱһſڼжԣСӨҲ˲٣ǸղŸ׵Ȼе˴̼
ܣô԰ôɰˣʱһʮŷֵǸǰҾ͸˵Ķ˵
ܣҲ԰̫ˣһҵһͻܣʱ͸˵Ķ˵ȻæվŶ˵ܣһ𣿾һ԰ɣ
ǺǣһأⲻλãȫˣЦŶ˵
ܣͰһ԰æ˵
⡭ⲻðɡܱ߿˿׺СӨߴΪѵ˵
ŶܣûûµģǡҲҵĿͻأұ˵һҵϰ֣һҵţ븸׺СӨһ𣬶һǵǶģⳡϵ֣ԾϯϵλҲǺںģһӲϹߣߣ϶뷨ģҾ͸Ŀ˵׺СӨҲҵĿͻˣ
׺СӨˣһԷΪܣôĿ˵׺СӨҲҵĿͻϱҵĻλӦҵĿͻˣͺЦŶܵ˵ͷ
ҲòĶԸ׺СӨЦŵ˵ͷǴкȻ¶Ϊ֮ɫ
һæ˵ܣ㿴ˣͰǸѴһ԰ɣ
ܣ⡭󸹱¶Ϊ֮ɫ
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ܿŸ׵ĳֱ࣬һͷӣߵŮƯĲˣͻĵʱҲڳԴףĽּʣ
ŶԭҾͰɣ̫鷳ˣܣЦĶ˵
ܣ˵ʲôأҵĴͻƽʱ붼벻ģһԣҵأɣæ˵
õĺõģȥ˵žתȥǸŮˣ
СӨˣźݺݵĵһ˵Ϲ˵ʲôأ
ȻҶ˵ҲһŮСӨ϶Ϊ²źݺݵĵһ۵ģ
׼ô˵ˣҲˣȻתЦŶСӨ˵ӨûµģûµģղλܲǿĴͻҲϿһǺǣ
СӨ㿴ֶԴֿǣһ˼ܴŮˣͰֿҪװ㣬ǧ¶ˣҿǿ׾ˣȻ˵ҪСӨ͸ҪװˣҪûȾƣôҵŸ׵СӨ˵Ļأ
ǣĴͻҪİɣ˵ŶʱɱԴŶСӨͶ˵
ǺǣģôܻԴأұЦǺǵĶСӨ˵͵͵һ۸ף͸¶ϲ֮ɫĪ˷ҿͻ棬׺СӨװһԣҪֻԼ˸̼
ҼСӨӦˣæһʱӣΪǳ߸ˣҲӣһͷǿǽϣҾͰӷһͷѱҵλøóܺŮ
СӨڸģҲǿǽڵλã棡ͷλãҺ͸׵мǸһǣСӨҾԶˣмŸף
æзԱϵĲʰˣ;߷֮ǰλϣһеȺǵĵ
㻹СӨʹȡЦЦŶ˵
ٺ٣ƽʱӦѧģ¶εһЦСӨ˵
ڼûôڿأСӨִŷ̵˵
ΡӨаأҲ׬ǮҺء׼СӨô˵ңԾæԲˣ
֣ͻſС˾Ͱһ۸˵
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СӨɱ¶ˣٽа֣֪𣿡СӨ˵
ǽʲôСӨƤҡ
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Һ͸˶ʱһˣ̫˰
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ﵱȻСӨһأڳô˵أԾһԵģ
ǡǾͽܰɣ˵
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ܣѽҾͽаˣСӨ˽Ц˵
ӨеģУ״ŽСӨ˵
֣ҶҵĿͻˣֻˣҲʱôаɣٺžԵԸ˵
ҲֻĬˣСӨߣӵĻٲԣҲҪģϻǺίı飡
СӨ˾͵͵ЦЦ
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СӨô˵͵͵һۣȻ͵͵˸һ°ʾ
ŶܣͽСɣǺǣȷʵܻϷģæЦŶ˵
ܣС㣬ǺãҲǽһ£ǽСˣǺǣǱҲæΪǽߵŮС㣡
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С㣬ãСӨ֪ײ˵ֳûԾæλС˵
СλܣҵĿͻָҶС˵
ܣãСֿĶҴк
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СӨ׻һĿվţ֪վŻ£ΪܺС㻹Ҷվŵģ
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ܣʲôأʸոܣ
ܼҺ͸׶Ȱ׾ƣҲ˵Ȱ׾ˣæһƣ
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Ů㣬ҽ𣿡ССӨôУԾʹžȵ
ǲǣСӨæЦŶ˵
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Ϲ˵ѣСӨǫĺЦŶ˵
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ܣǴȾƵİ£СӨ˵
ܣλĲȾƵ𣿡ܺƵģʸף
δȸ׿˵СӨæᳶ˳·ʾ



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һæ˵ܣȷʵȾƵأҴȺˣ׼λɫɫĶСӨоͲˬˣ˵ͶƱ˵ȺΪ
˵վͰѾƱлʣ°뱭׾Ƹһںȥ
һʱϾ͸¶֮ɫȻңܣСĲȾ𣿡
ܣһǵһʶأ֪أ˵žʼ磡
ֻö׾Ҳһں˰뱭Ϊ׶ȸΪˣҲֻܺˣ
СӨ֪ǹװŲʶﰵųϹ㻹İ˼ƸˣǿһεܣҲЩˣôȺΪűƵҲ˰뱭׾ƣ
ҳԲˣܣС㣬ʲôʣǾ˵ҽзϾˣǺǣҼһΣæΧˣ
˹ˣǺǣܱ߿˵͵͵СӨ
һǿˣæƱ˵ܣܣһһɣ
úúãǺǣ˲ĿСӨ˻ȻæЦǺǵĶ˵
׺˵ô˵ˣҲͶƱǺһڣ
ܣþŶܶԸ˵
һһ㣬ܾߣǺǣЦƤЦĶ˵ΪɫԵ۾СӨԸ׶һֱп
ˣܣܲ˵˵λŮأôʶأǺǣЦǺǵĶԸ˵
ҲҲĪĸе˷ܡ
ûмĳ棬ǸʵͽˣʱҲˣЩСͷôʱ㶣Ķ֪ô˵ˣҲ¶֮ɫ
ܣʲô˵أҪ˵˵ߵСɣСӨȻ֪ײ˵ˣԾæ˵Ȼ͵͵˳׵·ʾ
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Ů㣬Ǻţ̰ɣǣСҲǸˣҲæΪߵܴԲ
ллãСӨЦ˵
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Сϴһ־֮ɫΪ벻ƯŮʿôôصĸôһʵͽͷӡ
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ҳԲˣԲˣҼܱߵСñΣæѻתˣ
ԲˣԲˣܶʱҲЦ˵
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׿ֶܼŮԲûаѾƱ
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֣Ҳ֪ˣãСӨ߸˵˵ߴ󷽷һźԲ۹ڸ׵ֱϣҴﻹôأ
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Ȼ밡ֻҺͿҪǮǮأÿҲһģСӨ˵˳ȻѳϿȥ
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СӨȻҲ׸׵˼ˣ֣һҪллģһҪһµģ
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СӨ֪ܲ׵ԾЦһ£ڰŵȻ϶˵ģ
ʱڵϱû˵СӨ߿Ž飬ȻҲԽԽ
ҲСӨ׻ʲôĽ
Ӻ󣬸ͻȻžȵСӨ˵Өôķأ
Ҳ˺üˣ·֪ģǵʮ·ڣСӨ෴ķȥԾЩȵˡ
֣֪ˣСӨ仰
ҲԽԽڲˣСӨ׻Լʲôأ˶촽뿪ǸסˣȻСӨô˵ˣʶˡ
СӨĳһֱ෴ķȥ



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ʮӺСӨĳһƵǰͣ
֣³ɣСӨת߶Ը˵ߴ򿪳ţ
Ө⡭ɻ
֣³ˣСӨЩ죬˵ž˳
׼˻ɻҲ˳Ȼ̧ͷһǾƵ꣬ͲСӨӨǸոճԹƵأԲأѹָղûԱ
СӨ̲סЦ֪ǸˣûƵ꣬ΪǾƵ궼ǳԷģҲǺģ֣ڿʼʲôҲ˵ҾͿˣ
Ŷ֪ˣ׻ɻӦ
ǾͽȥɣСӨ˵žƵĴȥ
Ҳ͸Ƶ꣡
Ƶĺװ׶ϴԼСӨȥĲ¥ҪüĴûôߵĵط
ҲǸԷĵطƣ֪ѾСӨǰ̨ǰ棡
С㣬ãҪס𣿡ֻǰ̨ڵһŷҵɫ׵ŮԱǳòСӨ
ǵģǰ֣մ䵥˷𣿡СӨָָף߶ǰ̨ڵķԱ˵
϶ʱ͸¶ϲ֮ɫ֪СӨԭǴԼģϼңҲͷŮ£ѵСӨԼ
Եһ£Ҳһ£ŮԱ˵žڵϲ鿴һºСӨ˵С㣬һ˫˴ģ
ûе˴ķ𣿡СӨԱôһ˵ڰϲǹһ£
ԲС㣬ĶסˣʣһˣҲֻʮǮסһЩɣԱû뵽СӨ͸ŮϵΪСӨôƯȴһͷӣȫǸŮϵŮԼİְְֿסҲǺء
ǾɣСӨ߶ԷԱ˵ߴ򿪿ó֤ݸҵ֤ɣ
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ӨǮأָ׼æСӨ˵ΪҲͷ˵Ůһ㶼˸Ǯġ
֣Ҫ㸶ǮأСӨæԸ˵
С㣬ſ802䣡˷ķƱһţŮſͷƱһݸСӨ
СӨӹ˵ллȻתԸ˵֣߰ɣ
ţæӦһǸ˵˲ãԭСӨĽǴѿ䣡
СӨſͷƱݵķȥȴƨƨߵĽСӨ˵棡
Źϵʱ򣬸׾ͼɴСӨӨǿ𣿡
˵أСӨһ죬ʸס
ǿ䣬ǿ䣬Ǻǣ¶ϲæ˵š
֣ǽĽأСӨɬɬĶԸ˵߰8֣
ΡӨǲڼסҪôǮ̫˷ˣױϾǸˣƽʱʡԼϰˣסһҪٿǮﻹǺǮģ
֣Ҫڼؼˣһ£˵ôأСӨ˾ͶԸ˵
ǣϾڼҪͬģؼҿһ᲻˵ģæСӨ˵
֣߰ɣݵ˰¥žͿˣСӨ߳ȥ߶Ը˵
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֣ǴûסݾƵɣСӨƿ˽ȥ߶Ը˵
ǵģһˣûסأҲʵʵ˵
ⲻס𣿡СӨ˵žͰſſǽϵܲڣʱ
׼Ǹеǳľ棡ȻͿŷĺװޣ;Ưķ䰡Ө㿴˫˴̫ˣ
СӨֻЦЦȻְѷŸˣһϣٰϵıҲϡȻ˷䣡ȰѿڵӹϣȻͶԸߵĸ˵֣Ҫһ㣬ǻҪȿûؼǰϻؼأ
֪֪˵žͿʼ·
СӨΪʲôŴأҲԭģΪڳϣ׵ſ󵨵ں¥Կ͵ʱǵ棬Լ͸һԣЩøе˷ܺʹ̼ϵӦǺǿҵģһ£»˯ŵģԾſˡ
ʱѾʼ·ҲͿʼϵ·ں͸׶̹ôˣҲûʲôΪģ
ֻһʱ䣬ϱϵ·ѾˣʱֻСӨ˵ѩͱ¶ڷĿУȻҲȫ¶ڸ׵ˣ
ֻСӨ͹£ȫļʤѩźԲۼ׻Բļزֻʷfѩ鷿źֺɫͷֻѩ鷿Ķ⴦ԣ
رǽ׹⻬Сǵشϣһںëë÷ǳ룬еŮң
޳ȳƵѩ״ȼױֱСȣȥǳˣ޳ûһ覴ü󣡿һ˫Ҳһ㶼Ϊ
׵СڣȥǳĽʵУرǸڵȻʱѾȫҪȳӴĺܶ࣬쵰Сͷ״İȥ˵ģҲŮ˵СӨ
СӨ˷ĶʱͿʼңŮϵӦ͸ӵǿˣʱȫĪĸеȺܣ鷿ʼͣͷҲӲģرȼ˽֮ʼ֭ҲƲסĴ˳
ʱСӨµ͸¶죬Ϊ׵ֻ۾һֱ˵ѩתתȥ
֣˼ҵֲûпﻹô̰ĶſأСӨɬɬİ˸һ˵
ΡӨһҲģԽԽÿԽԽԵģױ߶СӨ忴߳ԵĶ˵
СӨﻹ˵ģǸŮ˲ϲ˿ÿأСӨҲ⣡ȴûĶԸ˵һ䣺Ϲ˵
˵СӨתȥ
ʱӰ븸СӨ޳׵ĺ󱳣ֻϵļ֬Ĺ⻬ϸ壡׵ĻƬѩ׹⻬ΣȥʵеԣرмƨɹرԵˣ
СӨȫ˫˴ǰȻϴ׻վԭԵĿһ죺֣㻹
ΡӨҪа֡˾ʹ˷ܵ˵ͬʱҲǰȥ
ΰΰҡʱСӨѾˣ˸׵ĻҲߴĺ֡
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ʱСӨȫĲڸ׵ĻУزֻѩױ鷿Ҳļѹڸ׵ظϣ֪ȼѨ׵Ƹܻ﷢
һΰСӨѩ˵§˻Уĸоʹӵ˷ƸСӨȼѨѾռˣԾָѨС
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ΡӨʪءװǴſڳζĿʹСӨǰĶ˷ܵ˵
ΰΰң˵ˣСӨһ죬еȻ˸׵ĻУ߸Ѩбƿŵо
Ѩеˮϵı׵ָ˳ͬʱҲԽԽܵСӨȫʱʱڷţҲΪܶζš
šΰΰҡ˼ҺܡˡɡʱСӨеѨб׵ָڵǷǳܣֻ˺ҧѨʺƵģ
׼ҲˣԾͷſϣ
ΰң룬˼ҺܡʱСӨѾˣҲǷǳǿҵģѾ޿ˣԲŻҪ׿ȻڣҪԻ̵סҲڿˣ
ͻȻСӨüͷʹһԭѾȻһӲѨУһȫû
ΡӨ𣿡һʹŹĵ
СӨûָףǽİ˸һ˵ΰң´ʪһ𣿡
ţΡӨҪǸеۣǰ־Ͱγ
𡭡СӨ¸ҪѨаγƵģȻͶ˵ɣ
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ΪոտʼĲӦСӨǽüͷҧ´ܵĴӺ淢΢֮
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Ѩб˶ԽԽʪɸղŵĽ󻬣СӨеĸо޷ģñȻ¶лһܵĸоСӨŻżܵϵš
ʱͻȻֱȻٶȰ޳Ĵֱ̧˫ϣ
֣ҪСӨϹҲûùƣʱͻȻװȷֱ˫ϣԾŵľͺг
ΡӨģ㿴ױߺСӨʹĒƨɳ
ѽѽѽġҪ˼ҵӹˡˬšֶˡ顭顭š˼ҲҪСӨͻȻ˷ܵĴԭȱ׿ڼϵƣʹСӨ͸ӵͻÿĽ룬ܶѨӹˣСӨŻô˷ܵĺǵһα˰ȿڼϣ
ΡӨ桭𣿡ױߴŴСӨƴĒƨʹĳţÿζĲ룬˶ĹͷѨӹϣ
桭˼ҵĻˡġզôءšˬʱСӨѾ׿˶ķǳˬͬʱҲʧȥ˳ǣҲϹ׵ȥˣѾ԰֮УˬĸоʹȥҲǺԹԵģ
СӨ˷ܵĺ͸ӵѪٶҲԽԽӿˣֻСӨԽԽʪѨвӰĽ
̵ĳڷлصţСӨ˷ܵ
Ҳ֪˶ãͻСӨ쳣˷ܵĺѽѽѽġ첻ˡ̫ˬˡҪˡ֡ΰҡٿһ㡭ҲҪ˼һҪšˡ
СӨ˷ܵĺֻȫҵĲţһˮѨӿ˳Ѹ׸ˬĲҪˣҺγļʱû
ΰңզأϢһСӨеѨвûбһɹ̵ľҺ䣬Ծʹžȵʸף
ʵԺˬǺǡױ߰СӨȴּϷߺЦŶ˵
ΰңá߳СӨѾǷǳҲʮֵ㡣֪˲ǷǳܵģԾֽʸף㲻𣿡
ӨΪԺܳڸһʲôϵأ׷ǳϵĶ˵
СӨҲǷǳĸжΪԼԸסܲ




ʮ ſʽ
֣һЩֽ߳СӨҲˣ˼ֱӺˣ
Өǲ˵˵ֻʱͺְֵ׶ûһֱ˷֮С
ΰΰҡСӨߴĺ˳ΪеڸףղԼǸ߳ˬˣȴû
˲Ÿ߸˵ֽݸСӨΡӨҪҪɾ
ãδȸ˵꣬СӨʹֱӸܾˣ
СӨڲȼʱͻȻڵӹϵĿ洫ֻ
ʱСӨ͸׶㶣
֣Ұֻһ£СӨȿ˵
æ´ǰĵӹ򿪿óСӨֻһʱϾ͸¶֮ɫ
֡ΰΰң˭ģȻСӨѾ뵽˭ģæʸס
׷ǳŵĶСӨ˵
ҰɣСӨæԸ˵
װֻݸСӨȻŵĿ
ʲôѽֲǲ֪£СӨ˾ûİ˸һ˵
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˵ˣҪˣСӨ߶Ը˵ߵֻϵĽ
׶ʱҲҴȻŵĶСӨ
ιϹСӨͽ˵
ţһؼˣͰôڼأȥˣֻдżһŹĺ
Ŷ˵¹԰һ䣬ڹ԰ɢءСӨ˵ֽȼš
ҲܺðǺǣЦǺǵ˵
ͷ˼ҽ촩Ǹ߸ЬŶʹأ
ţýаָأǺǣ
ʲôð˼Ҷˣ㵹ãǸŮȥӦø˻˰ɣ
ţİҪǱֺȶˣôؼأ
ǣСӨ˵
ˣţҪ˾ҸطϢһɣۻˣҿɻģ
һףһף˼һ֪㰡
ٺ٣ˣţǼʱؼҰ
֪أֻڹ԰أ˼ҵĽʹؼҲ֪ˣСӨæ˵
Ŷûû£ǼؼҶУҾͲǻؼˣ˾ƣ˯ˣ
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ǸѧѽСӨһ죬Ȼûİ˸һ˵
ˣô˵ֻСӨ˵һһֱƭ˵ڹ԰ԲŻ˵СӨݼأʱͻȻ
˵ʲôأֻҪһ͸£СӨ˸һ˵
𣿺ǺǣҪЩؼҲûˣ׸˵СӨ
û˵𣿿˾ƣӦҪ˯ˣ
ǺǣǴˣ쳣˵ĶСӨ˵Ȼֻ۾ֱĶСӨ˵忴ȻҲԵֱüӲִ
㡭㻹ûѽСӨһȻ׸״ʱʲôˣ
ӨôƯ־һҲİ۾߽ĶСӨѩ˵忴ߴ̰˵
СӨﻹģԽ壬ԺԸԽûʵ
ΡӨղŵ𣿡ױƨ˴ϡ
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ǰûƭɣ׵ƨѾ˴ϣǸȻΪղŵĳ壬滹СӨѨ֭Ȼ߰һֻϼ쵽СӨѩ׵Ĵĸ
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ΡӨ㻹ǵð˵Ļ𣿡׵ƱСӨѩ׹⻬Ĵĸţ
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ǡǰָ˵кܶ㶼ûءӨ㻹ǵ𣿡״С˵
ţǵѽôСӨ̧˸һ˵
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ʲôƣСӨѾЩˣΪ׸ûƭղŵȷʵǷǳģζأԾ˳
ſڴϣƨɣִӺ㣬֤ġ׼СӨʱ˷ܵĶ˵
ſʽСӨһʱ뵽˹ſʽƣսʱҲҪſڴϣԼǸŮʿֹſʽƶЩŮ˲ŻĳģÿοҪſڴϣǱܾˣҲûҪڳôſʽˣڸ׾ȻҪڳơСӨʱ㶣
Өôˣ׼С
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ӨͿ𣿡ͻȻ
ûûءСӨߵĵ˵
޵ôôĵأ⿡Ҳǵģ׵Թӿ˵Ժ̾һȻ˳СӨѩ״ȵڲ໬뵽ȼ䣬ѨһȻѾʪˡ
֣㲻ԹأǡҲͬģҲġСӨûֹ׵ȼѨϸţߴ˵
Ө˵һҪһſʽˣĻģ˾͸ӵˣûģԼҪˣ
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СӨû˵
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㡭㲻ܿҵġҵƨۣˣӦ͡һ¡СӨͨ죬쳣ĶԸ˵
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СӨһж̸ˣȻİ巭˹ȻͨſڴϣƬѩ׹⻬ƨɣֹſʽˣ
׼СӨڹſڴˣǸ˰ûԼܵСӨĹſʽƣʱ˷ܵȻ͸ӵļӲִæСӨƨɺ棬ֻϼƴСӨƬѩƨʱͼ΢Ĳһ£
ΡӨֱӲ뻹ȡ
ֱӰɣҪЩδȸ˵꣬СӨæ˵Ϊø׵һԼƨ۾Ͳˣſʽױ¶˵ƨˣ
õĺõģӨͷİɣױ˵߷Ȼ׼СӨ˫ɼ䣬Ȼƨǰ涥
ֻ˶ĹͷҲļСӨѨС
СӨеԼѨб˶Ĺͷ÷ǳһЩʹԾ̲סĽüͷҧ´Ӻз˵΢ͬʱҲеſڴϹֵֹģͷѨҲرĽ壡
ʱֻƽסСӨѩ׶⻬ƨϣƨɽʵеԣָҲǷǳСӨûпֹԾİСǰ涥ȥҲּСӨѨС
ʱСӨŸеſʽʹԼѨԵرխСǴִİʺŵҲǷǳ
ڣװȫѨУһСӨҲһͬʱеͷӹڵָоʹȫÿ񾭶ǽŵģ
׿ʼĳֻ۾ȴǽĶСӨƨɹȻСӨƨۻǸеܺģԽԼԼͻе棬Ҳÿ˵ıӦ
ûаƨƨɹеƨۻǺѿģ
СӨеѨ𽥵ĲôʹˣҲñ֮ǰɶˣҧ´Ӻ淢΢
˫ϥСӨƨɺ棬ֻѩƨʹţΪ̫ϲСӨƨˣߒƨɳţֻ۾ҲƨɹתƵ֬ĺϣ
СӨĸԭĺҲԵر޳ϵļֹֽ⻬ûһ覴üԸҲǷǳϲСӨ󱳵ģһ仰СӨϵģ׶Ƿǳϲģ˵һְֵĸо
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СӨž쳣ҧҧ´ǲɷϣſʽĸеرѨаʺĦǷǳˬҪǸףĲ֪ſʽƻô
žžССӨѩƨϷ
šššСӨзټϸ״ŴļٺĽ
СӨѨеˮϵı״ִ˳ʱϱĽӴѾʪˣЩˮ˳СӨѩ״ȵڲ
ţģ̫ˬˡСӨ̲ס
˾͸ŬĳŮԽԽܣҲǴ˵ĳɹ
ΡӨûƭɣǺɣױʹĒƨɳţߴŴʹſڴϵСӨ
ţ֣ͱˣţ˼ҵӹˡСӨſڴϣеرĶˣϹƣǱס
ʱСӨȥˣΪԽţԽеϹҪǱϹ֪ˣǲŹ֣ԼҲûˣ
ѨбˬоһֱڳģɷϣԼǷǳϲ׿ģԺҪû˸׿ȻĶ᲻ġ




ʮ ƶ
׸еСӨſڴϣѨҲԵñҪխĶ࣬ѨгĽоȻеǳҲԸ׻нĳţҲ³çҪСӨûдﵽ߳ԼˣǾͶˣ
ʮӺСӨ˷ܵĴѽġˡ̫ˬˡҪˡ
׵һֱڽѨвͣĳţСҲԽԽĸо֪Ѩ̼ĿҪˣҺԿعܣҪһˣ̲סˣʱСӨ˷֪ܵҪ߳ˣԾƴʹߴżٵĺ˷ܵ˵ΡӨҲҪˡ
֣һˬɣţˡСӨ˷ܽкֻҵĲȻһˮѨӿ˳Ѿ˸߳
׵ĹͷѨͻȻӿˮݵǷǳҲ̲סĻһҵĲˮͷƵģһȵľҺӹͷ˳ȫСӨѨУҺ⼸춼СӨİȫڣҪ鷳ˣ
СӨȥƨƨߵĸ󣡴ʱϱȫģǵҲʪģ׻ãĴģľҺˮСӨȥѿˣֻȼģվ߶ԭԴѨܶľҺˮЩֱӵڷĵ̺ϣЩ˳ѩ״ȵڲ£Ѹĸ׿˶˷ˣ
֣ŸСӨ׸ȥתžȵ
һϴ谡˵˳
УϴٽϴɣСӨǳľܾ˸ס
ΡӨǲǶһϴ𣿡㶣Ȼ˵˳
βУСӨ˵žͽ䣬ȻŸˣø׳˸Źء
ʵСӨոո߳ѾȫָڵҲѾȫͷųˣԾû̫ˣ˾ҺһͻûȤϴκ͸һϴ裬ʱСӨڵҲʢԾͻ͸һϴˣ
˱ŹصĸɵɵվŹأһ࣬벻СӨﶼһϴˣôֲأŮ˵ģ׵룡
صĴͷߣֽҰѿһ¡
֣ҵ¿һ£ʮӺСӨﴫ˳
֪ˣ϶ʱ͸¶ϲɫΪŸСӨ·ܿٿˣ
СӨȫ·⣬ױţ˵ţӨſһ£
ͻȻˣȴСӨӰʱͼһ׹⻬۴˳ң
СӨǰźֻһ۳
϶ʱ͸¶ʧ֮ɫȻֻܰе·ݸСӨϣ
ֻСӨһ䣬Ȼ۾·ʧڣֻžһžͱˣ
ŶʮֺСӨ͸׾ѾڳˣСӨѳķȥ
Ǹ߳û˼ԭڳϣСӨֻȫעĿųһ仰Ҳû˵
׼СӨ˵˵ǰֲϰߣҲû˵
ʵСӨ߿£ԺôϹ͸ദѾǼмˣһиϹһǸԸĹ¶֪ᷢչʲô̶ȣһǷǳ϶ģԼеҲˣʹе˺£
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ΡӨϻ˯ַ𣿡״ŵӵ
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㼸ʱ˯ֵķأ͸¶ʧı飬Ȼ
֣ɱ̫̰Ŷ
ҡ˵ˣȫ֮ɫ
Ҹո˯㷿ˣ˵ɣ³ɣСӨϵΣ˵ĻҲǸοɣ
ϱ˳³ĵݷȥʱѾʮˣԸûбˣ³Ե÷ǳİ
СӨǰ棬׸ǰ
ݣ׾͵˵ΡӨܲðٱһ£
ţСӨĲ⸸ˣոտô뱧Լأ
ǵģΡӨԺ󣬶֪ʱŻ㵥һأ԰뱧һ¡֧֧ĶСӨ˵
ǡǺðɣСӨȻͬˣΪŸô̰壬Ҳһ£ԼԺԸҪĿ֮أͷһԺ̰ԼˣǾ鷳ˣԻǴӦˡ
ȻϱڵڻӵţȵݵˣſˣǲŰֿ
صСӨĵĻϹôľƣڶ֪ôˣҲѾ˯ˣ
СӨһţֱȥûбϣһƣžͱƿˣһƬſڵǽһأſڵĵƾֻڴѾ˯ˣһ΢ĺ
СӨ֪ƽʱ˯Ǵģֻк˾ƺ󣬲Ż΢ĺ࣡
ְŹϣһϣ任˯º󣬳ȥȻҵߣҰҵϣպ͸׿жҵԭԲŻҵϣҲǸҵĲɣ
ڶ죬һ۾ͼСӨҵĻУֻĿҡ
ţˣұ߽˽§ֱۣ
ţһˣСӨҲĶ˵
ˣôأ
ϹȾˣ˼˯أڻ磬ߵأСӨ˵ҵ
ţ˼Ⱦˣ˯ôҶ֪ҴűǸ˵
ûµ˼Ҿ͵ȶأľĳҵϣСӨЦŶ˵
ҲǺȶ˰ɣ˯ôˣţǼؼҵģ˵žʵ
СӨһȣȻ˵ʮҰɣ˯ˣԾûҽ㣡
ţĿ𣿡˵ֽ˽§ֱۡ
Ϲָװһأ˵˼ҺͰڹ԰ɢСӨͲߺȻʹҡ
ǺǣأЦ˵ĿľСӨ飡
ţǼװһԿģͰڹ԰ɢˣڽŻأСӨǴĶ˵
ûаָడǺǣҺЦ
Ϲ˵ʲôأ԰ôˣ˼ô˼أСӨ
Ǹ̼𣿺Ǻǣ
㡭Ϲ˵˵ˣСӨ˵ԶˣװƵĶ˵
Ǹ㿪ЦҲǶ˵ֻҪĲ֣ǲôҶǵģæѻ˵˻
СӨ˵ֻҪĲ֡仰ʱľ;һ£Ǳ滹ǺƽģȻЩĺ
ţզˣʲôأҼƵģ
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ţҲǷǳģֻҪǰ鴦ĺãҲͲôΪˣæ˵
ôСӨܵʵ
˵ϹѸ׵ѣֻҪͲΪˣ
ǡ˵ճһ˼ҶԸأСӨ̽Եҡ
ţôأҰǸʵͽͷӣǸôƯŮʿôܻ԰أǺǣҸ֪ΣѾһһĽӽˣô϶ĶСӨ˵
СӨһȻʵϹ˼˵һ˼Ķ԰ˣô죿
£ǺǣҲΪȻЦŶ˵Ϊ֪¿϶ᷢģԾ˵˳
ѽϹ˼Ҹ˵ءСӨ˾ͽ
ţҲ˵İҪĶ԰ˣҲûа취ģǺǣЦǺǵ˵˳
ߣСӨһֱ˵ԾͶʹɱﵣ
Ҽ˻Īĸе˽ţȻæ˵ţԺ£˵Ժ˭Ԥϵĵأھ˵˵ǰ°ɣ
СӨҶԺµ޷Ԥϵ뷨ﻹǱȽģ˵ǰ£ҲˣæңϹǰʲô°
ȶڰźõֵķ˯ǲǰأʱҲǷǳĶ˵
СӨһ죬Ȼҧҧ´˵Ϲ˼ҿЦ˵˵ѽôأ
ȻСӨǲ˼Żô˵ģ
ţôǿЦ˵˵أǺأҲܵõ㣬Ҳܹ񫣡ֶΪأ˵ҶҲˣַǳʽĶ˵
ʵСӨл˵ģһͿ԰ƶڹĵϹȥ׵ķҹˣҪмǻεģװźܲԸƵңϹҪô𣿡
ǻǼٵţڻʱ䣬ǾһƶڰɣҴ˷ܵСӨ˵
ǡ˵˵ôƶ˼ľˣСӨ΢죬˵
ţ㿴ÿȥַҹΣһڲǾ˵˯ڰֵķĸһ˯
вУ˯ڰַĴ̫ˣҲ̫ƽˣ˼Ҳͬ⣡δ˵꣬СӨͿڷˣ
ţʲôƽƽأԸҪֵģѾԸˣæ͵
ҲеģǼһôһ˼ҵͿ˲Źأ˼ÿ춼·СӨæ˵
һҲԣ׿ĴһԼҲĿùģǿɲǰõģҪСӨ챻׵Ĵһ٣˽ÿ춼Ǻ׵ģԾСӨţ˵˵һڼȥֵķҹأ
ǾһΰɣϹСӨͶ˵˳
ǲ̫ˣ˻ԥĶ˵ΪҲҵ뷨ˣһСӨҪˣֲҾͻεģֻҪιˣҲŻ̤̤ʵʵģ
ôˣÿ¶ˣҲˣСӨżĶ˵
Щ̤ʵͶ˵ţвУÿڳ⣬ʱȥ׷һҹ𣿡
ţҲУҪɣҪĻϣСӨҲͬˣҲأһ⣬ԼҪˣҲͿȥ׵ķˣ
ҲˣҲôʵˣģôСӨͻȥ׵ķҹˣ
ƶںСҲ˵ģȻ˴ϴһͳ˷䣬˸׼õͺǾȥϰˡ




ڶʮ 
һڹ˾ϰ࣬ҵҲرĺãʱһһѨһŮҲΪԼ϶ǲܺСӨˣôҲҪһԼԺԸˣ°뱲ܴܲɣԼʮҲǹ˵ı׼ˣСӨѨǱ׿Ĵ󼦰͸ˣԼ㲻µŮ˻ôûбԼı׼Ӧûǵģ
һ뵽ͲЦһ£ΪһŮҲֻѣҶСӨѾˣⱲӾԲҵڶŮ˵ģǡ
һͷĺСӨһģҲô㼡ʤѩرСǴںڶŨܵëҲĵطҴʮ꿪ʼ𣬾;ëŮˣʵҳǸëأŮëԽïʢҲԽϲҲԽе˷ܣԴ俴ƽʱ;ḡֳǳѩСïʢںë
֪ǲܵ£Һһ𣬾ͻеرĿģһǺĵģ
žͲóֻһ΢ţ裬𣿡
أô跢΢ˣԷܿͻ˹
裬ȥҽԺ𣿡ʵ
ûȥҽԺͷˣԷع˵
裬ôȥҽԺ°أ
Ҳ֪ͷӵƢϲȥҽԺȥҲ˵ģֻİְˣĸԵúΣ
ţ裬ҲǷǳģ㲻ȥͲȥɣֵĲģæ΢Źȥ˵
裬Ŷʲôϣѵ𣿡ԣĸЩˣ
ǲǣһ㶼أһôƯæѻ˵˻
ˣʮˣҪôͷҲأ
裬㣬Ҳ㰡Ҵ־ַ˳ȥǷȥ󣬲֪⻰ĸ˵ж಻ףԾϳ˻
ȻѾ˻ĸܻǿˣֻ죬Ϣһĸ϶ڵһʱ俴ģҵҲĸǸڣȻҲǸǳˣܿ˵Ļ
ʱֲֽҪĸĿϢˣôҵģҿ˼ҵŮô˵ĻأҶʱ߳ܣ
ղųȥϢ˵ʲôˣʱĸҡ
ûû˵ʲôأǴˣæţȴңҺĸûǺհ
ΪûĸϢ˶ˣţĸǿˣʱҾĶ޵ˣҵͺ̺̣֪ôĸ˵ˣ
裬ҡֻȥΪȷʵ֪ôĸ˵ˣ
ˣúùɣں˼ˣУ£øˣĸع˵
ˣĸ϶֪Ҷ뷨ˣҪôұ˼أһп£ţôĸĿཨȫһˣԺô˼أ
ʱԽԽе޵ˣĶǾŵģʼղŲĸ΢źãӶˣûҩģ
ת룬⻹ǲеңĸûңֻң
ˣ˵˾˵˰ɣĸ֪Ҷ뷨ҲãҲСӨ˵ģ˵ģҲҺĸܰɣ
ֻҪһ뿪ʲô¶ˣҾͿʼ
ϣҽСӨһصһǻˣæſڣȻЦŶ˵ӨǻؼˣǺǣ
֣ʲô°˵İδҿ˵СӨæʸˡ
ӨҽԺǱİְָЦˣ˵̲סĹЦ
֣ҰҽԺôСӨæʸס
ǰ֣˼ôˣֳǺǣҲ̲סЦʸס
ˣֻǲ˵ˣͻȻµСӨ˵Ǻܲ׵ģԻǲ˵ˡ
֣ô˵һһأСӨŸ˵߻Ь
ǰ֣ⲻǵθ𣿡Ҳæ˵
˵ˣ˵ˣȥˣǺǣױЦ˵תȥ
СӨûϷˣҲȥˣҾڲų
֣ҽԺﵽôˣֳˣǺǣķӺҼ׶һ̲˳Ǵź
׿ǸӰɣΪҶ˯ˡԸҵĻ󣬾Ƶ̧ͷŪõķƣǷСӨɣȻͰʹҵĶ߹๾˵
ԽԽЦˣ͸׶Ц
Ǹ˵ʲôأôˣʱСӨʹŪ˳ÿڹЦԾǡ
ûУûУҼСӨʣæ˵̲סĹЦ
Ҳһ͵֣
СӨʱͱӸˣͻȻʲôƵģʸף֣ǲǰѽҽԺҰָЦ˿
ҡ׶СӨǲѵģʱΪ
ңСӨΪѵӣìͷָҡ
вУ²ܸ˵ģ˵̲סЦ
һСӨ͸ӵĺˣæҵߣ־;ҵһֻ䣬ȻҧгݵĶ˵˵˵
ţˣְɣҵĶ䱻СӨʹ
㻹˵СӨߺݺݵľҵĶ䣬ָĶ˵
ţĺأ䶼챻㾾ˣĲܶ˵ʰְҸеĿҪСӨĵˣסʹ߶˵
ΡӨȷſɣĶĿҪ㾾ˡɣ׼СӨҵĶݺݵľסּʹı飬ȻҲԼĶˣԾæ˵ˣҲЩĺƽʱֻСӨһ棬֪һˣԭŮ׺ôĿ°ԼԺҪĵˣ
СӨҲԼģתһ۸ף˼ԺҲιģ
ױСӨֻһɣŵҲ˵ˣվһ߸ż
˵˵СӨң
ţҲ˵Ĳܶ˵Ͱְȥ
֣ô°СӨףȻ
ΡӨ˵˵ǿԵģǲܶ˵أæСӨ˵
ǲǰֶô˵ˣͿſְɣҪ㾾ˣҲôСӨ˵Ծæ˵
СӨǸŮʿȻǺܴˣôҵĶ䶼û˵ּôһ˵ʱ뵽ǵĻ⣬ԼһŮ˼Ҽҵģǲ˼Լ˵ˣ
һ뵽СӨһ죬ȻɿҵĶ˵Էɣ
ԩˣƽ޹ʵıСӨôõĶ䣬ڷſҵĶ䣬ͱűʹĶ䣬쳣ί˵ˣţǸǲܶ˵أ㻹Ųţ
ҪҪҰడСӨίģ̲סЦȻپҶƣ߶˵
ҪҪҼһæҡƶ˵
㻹۲أСӨҡ
ˣˣұסʹæ˵
СӨ˽Ц
׼СӨڷſҵĶ䣬Ҳ˿ȻæԲƵ˵˺ˣӾͱˣԷˣ
Ȼ˾Ϳʼ
ԲˣǸղŲģʱСӨҵĶ䱻ڶǺģǹⲻȥԭɣԾͼһŹǱ߷ҵķϣĶ˵
ʵҸղŵĶ䱻СӨһҲûģΪ֪ǸҿЦǸģôܻأͲһˣŸղŸ׸˵Щ仰ʹԽԽԭ
ĸʱͼСӨ˿ŹǷҵķĻҲůůģ
극Ҫʰͺо֣СӨҲˣԼ˯һҹˣЩ²Ϊˣ
صСӨƽʱһȽϴ裬Ȼ˯¾ڴˣ
ҾڿţҲҵϰˣֻ⼸͸׵Σҳֱӻطˣں͸ѾˣԳֿʼڿһˣ
򿪵ӿҲϲģעƣҵĹ˾Ҳкôģ
Ӻ󣬾ͼʰҲ˿һߵɳϣȻСӨļװһԺѾûһˣ
֣㼸ʱϲԿˣҾķ֣ڽſǣԾ
ʲôϲϲģԳԵģ˾æ˵
˻Щ֣һǶ˳ԵģеŮҲгԿǵϰߣһ˳ԿǾͺˣ׼Ȼô˵ˣҲͲ׷ȥˣ
֣ǴӺʳǳСӨȥˣͻȻʸףΪ֪СӨûжѡ
ŶںʳǳԵ̫ˣֺôľƣԾȥ԰ɢɢͽӨһȥ԰ɢˣûɣױ߶˵ҡ
ûûأƺɢɢҲкôģҪܻȥһһɢɢأǺǣæЦŶԸ˵
Ǻǣ˵ԣҲЦš
ȻӾͱ߿Щп޵ĻԵҲȻҲûиеһΣǰҲûᵽСӨҪǻЩεģļװһԺҲȻˣ
ŵ˰˵ңҾͻصСӨڴڿֻҲûоŵͽϴ裬ֻһĽڿ䣬ȻߣϴСӨߡ
šͻȻĺһ
СӨæֻȻͰҵĻ棬ңϹôˣ
ţҸղƼڳԿǣ˵𣿡ұϰԵ§СӨ壬˵
СӨһΪ뵽ΪʲôԿˣһ죬Ͷ˵ʲôֵأǲԵ𣿡
ţԵģֵǰִԿǵģ˵ֶʮˣСƵĳԿǣˣһǸеֵĶСӨ˵
Ϲǲˣڵ˲Сһ𣿳ԿʲôֵأСӨҶԸ׳Կǵ뷨
ҲŶڵ˲ǰСչ𣿺ǺǣұСӨôһ˵Ҳı˶Ը׳Կǵ뷨ˣ
⻰ˣǻЩİɣСӨ˵
ţţӦ
Ϲ˼иǸе̤ʵСӨͻȻ˵
ţʲô£Ϊ˵йظ׵أʱľҪͷСӨˣǾͻǰˣ
Ϲʮ꣬Ժô죿
СӨĻ̫Ծʲôô죿
ϹǶңҺ£ҲǸˣԺô찡СӨΪҵĽԸ⿼ˣ
˶ʱ㶡
ϹǺܾûˣϴȻһΣǰ;ˣΪԭɣСӨֽ˵
ǵģڰˣֲ㣬ֻҪһҾͻֿĴһԾͻúܲ͡
ûģûȤˣ𣿡δ˵꣬СӨͰҰѻ˵ˡ
ԣҾôģҳϵ
ϹŮ𣿡СӨͻȻҡ
⡭һʱش𲻳˵ģҳ⣬ҲǸˣȻŮˣ



ڶʮһ Ʒ
Ϲ˵СӨߴš
ţҪ˵Ůˣǿ϶ƭģΪǸˣҲʵʵ˵ˣ
ţҲǺģǸ˲ŮأСӨ˵
ţ㻹˵˰ɣ㵽˵ʲô֪СӨл˵Ծ
Ϲ˼ҽԸˣ㽫Ը˭أʵңһʱôģ
ʲôôģҲʡ
˵һʱϵǿʲôģСӨ˵øȷˡ
ţѵ㻳Ůˣ
ϹԸ˼һ֪ԲŮ˵ģһǷǳģСӨǳ϶Ķ˵
ɲǸģɷأǺǣҼСӨôң͸˵Ķ˵
ģҲãģҲգһʱһֱңҪôģ
ҡʵҶģܸСӨ
Ϲ˵ʵǲǶģСӨ˵˳ΪѾйˣ
ҡ˵
Ϲ֪岻õ𣿡СӨҵӣѾ϶ǾˣԾʹŹĺֵ˵
ţ֪岻õģʲô취أĻҾͻϰģǲеģԾ͡
Ծˣδ˵꣬СӨֽӹ˵ˣ
ǵģһǳˣ
ϹҶԲ㰡Ҳֵ̰ǸһҲȾģⶼҡСӨǳĶ˵
ţôܹأҶԸأ˭أæСӨ˵
ϹڸϿҽˣСӨǹң
ҵôҷ
ϹҪҲҸŮ˰ɣǰǺһֻ죡СӨҧҧȻһݣ˵˳ȻһԸ⣬ǸŮ˻ԸԼϹŮ˷أڶĵزˣҲûа취ģٲȥҸŮˣȾȺãҵͻģ
ţô뷨أ˾ʹžȵ˵
ϹҲûа취ܲȥ˺ܴģҪˣҽô죿ô죿ûΪĸŮǹСӨż˵
ţͷİɣôΣôܻأǲˣǺǣͻȻЦǺǵĶ˵
㻹Ц˼ǸģСӨЦˣͱߴҵĻаһۣһҵظûĶ˵
ţ֪ģҲ֪ǹҵ壬ûأ㿴ҵ壬ҾĶȲ˸ףĲǺ𣿺ǺǣЦǺǵĶ˵
㻹ЦСӨְһ˵
ţͱҵˣҲзִģƵģͷĺˣҲѯģƵǶкģֻҪƾûˣҽŶСӨ˵
ˣܽҿ֪ǻģҾԺˣͽƲˣСӨǺܵĵĶ˵
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֣˵򳵣ҸһˣͬˣСӨزֻļѹڸ׵ϣ߶Ը˵



ڶʮ ˶
ӨͬˣСӨĻԵرĸˣæʵ
Ҵӱ״ܿĳױ߸˵СӨڸСӨƨɡСӨûзԣŸ׵ƨϸš
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ʽһ֪ʹյСӨϣǱСӨƸסˡԭСӨͣҶʱĪ˷ĺСӨǣҲǲģһеرĴ̼ҲģСӨǲø͡
׻ŬţʹİСӨȴСӨƸסˣСӨȴԶԶıܿԲܸôŬûõģҪ˫ԸģŮԸ⣬ǿˣҲҪΪԼͷǵģŪͷͻҧģԸ׶Դ˵ľ黹ǲģ
СӨСӨ嶼׿ˣȼѨײٹôˣ㻹죿Ҵʱȸ׻żΪ뿴СӨ͸׽ʲôӵģӦûܴ̼ģ
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ǰǰ˵ĺܶ԰СӨˣһ£ȻпڳζֻҪһ̣ͺܿȥģǻƵ۲̫༱ʱҲ쳣żģͲСӨӦء
СӨô˵ʱʱ㶣ȻͿʼԥٺֻҧҧ´˺ܴľƵģֻ߱ߵԸ˵ӵʱ䣡
һּСӨѾ۾ʱ쳣˵Ķ˵˹ˣӾ͹ˣ
˵꣬ǿ;СӨƬ촽ϴȥʱҲסˣ˷ܵĿ֮һֻ۾Ķżػеĸ׺СӨֻͣСӨѾֻĿҲЩȺŸ͡׵ĿСӨƬ촽ϴաҵĺҲԽԽͬʱҲеرĴ̼СӨͿ˵ǷǳɾģĿˮҲ˵Һֽ룬ȵЩŮ˵ݶÿĶ࣡׵ԵЩݲҲ˵ŵݿǾ̵ԭԶǷˣһźɫ׵ĿˮĿڳζȾҲǺܳģ
֮ʹһǣܲҸе˷ܺʹ̼
ڣ״ſڳζĿСӨƬ촽ϣҼСӨһֱüͷģһԸı飡ҲǺίƵģ
׵ͷҲСӨƬ촽
Ҷʱ͸еر˷ܣһֻҲ֪ĲڿУסѾǳӲ׶ҵĺҲԽԽСӨҲ΢΢ſƬ촽Ѹ׵ͷĿǻУȻͷͲһ𣬻ĽţҷСӨüͷҲԽԽˣǿƵģһԸίı顣
ͷŷֻһʱ䣬Ҿͷָ׺СӨϾͳ˿ˮѾֲ嵽˭ĿˮˣҲԽԽ˷СӨֻҽǹȴ͸׵Ŀţ԰ڵҲ˳ҸеرĴ̼
ͻȻСӨ˫ְѸ׵һӸƿˣ߶˵֣ˣˣ
СӨ˵ֶûǹأ
˵˰ӵ𣿰֣ɱ̫̰ˣСӨԸ˵ȻֽŶ˵ֽңˣ
СӨĻԸ˵ֱʥּòȻٺһѾˣԾֻת쵽ͷϳֽݸСӨ
СӨӹͷϲ˾Ŀˮ
ҼѾɽˣ͸ڴļ˶ˣ
ΡӨǿʼ涼ӲˣͻȻСӨ˵
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ѽ֣㼱ʲôѽĴӶûѵſҵˣСӨŸ׵
ŶֶȲˣѵѵæСӨ˵
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Ű֣ҪŶôСӨŸ˵
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СӨ˵
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ΡӨ𣿻е𣿡״ŹĵСӨ
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ϱǸűӵģ֪ʱſСӨϵģȻʲôҲڼǱСӨ͸׵˵Ҳǵ쳣˷ܣһֱֻֻһֲֻڿסӲͣ׶ššСӨͻȻһĶԸ˵֣ĺô󰡣˼ںýء
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ȻҾͿڿʼ䶯֪Ǹ׵ƨ䶯
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ΡӨ𣿡ױߒƨɳţߴŴСӨ

ʱҼϱϵı䶯ٶҲԽԽ
ڸ׷Ĵһģҷ׿ԴʱŴŸ׵ĳζźðĺˬ
Ө𣿰ô𣿡СӨĻ˷ܵ
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ǺСӨģȻƴҲҪˣҲһֱſСӨϒƨŬĳš
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ֻۣҪе־ĶƤҲֵãױߒƨŬĳţ߶СӨ˵
֣Ϲ˵Ҫ˼ҵĶƤϣ˼Ժô찡˼°ԸָأСӨߴԹԸ˵̧ͷĶͷһڡ
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׼СӨôļҲͲ˵ˣȴ͸¶ʧѹı飬һί֮ɫҲǣԼʮǮСӨ򳵣ԼҪ
СӨȻܿ׵ĲˣԼǺģǸ׵˳4SĹԱǰЩԱôģôģ
ںʳǣ㲻Ҳ԰ֵ˳ǰ𣿡׿ԽԽеίԽԽѹͻȻ߶˵
֣Ϊÿ񫰡ҲŻôģСӨ˾ͶԸ˵
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ԳԣǺǣ׸˵˵Ȼͷڴڵĳ
ôĸˣСӨҲˣȻҲͳ
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׼˵ȻǸˣСӨߺסСӨϸ۵֣
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֣㲻복𣿡СӨҧҧ´ͷʸסͬʱҲԽԽˣ


ڶʮ ⳵
һ㶣Ȼһ˹϶ʱ͸¶ϲ֮ɫæ˵˵Ө˵ھڳ𣿡
ԸˣѿѵСӨתŸףѾ糺죬˵ֿ˿ߵĳλеܰȫҲˣ
ָּˣ벻СӨȻͬڳʱ˷ܵļһѿɴһ
СӨת׵ĿһۣʱͨͬʱҲϵķӦҲӵǿˣȻ˵ôѿѵ
...ôҲǴûг˵ֻϼҵͷ˵СӨѿӣ֪ˣڸʻϰѿˣôأʹΪѵСӨ
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˾Ҳԥˣæ⿪Ƥٽ⿪ϵťۣȻСİ£ΪʱѾˣĴӺĹĹĵģԱҪСİ
СӨһֱŸ׵׿ĹĵģҲӵ
ڣװˣȻͿʼѿӣڸʻϵģټļӲֶſӣԷ˺ܴľҲûаѿʱͷðˣ
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˾æְסĴһСӨŰĴӾͺѶˣܿ챻
ʱһ޴ʹӸ׵Ŀĵ˳üһȥ˵ģֻҪСӨϲˣĶνˣ
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СӨͺˣʱ͸ӵĸе޵ˣʲô취أʱѨѾǳĿˣˮƲסĴѨ˳
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СӨĶǸʵغŸףȻ·׵ֻ۾̰Ķǲŵĸؿ
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ţģѣϾ׻ǺСӨģּ˵ҲǺе
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...ڳô찡⳵ĿռôССӨϵƣûˣҲǷǳżġ

ڶʮ ϺƳ
֣ҪǵȥɣСӨȷʵˣͣסŸ˵
ðǾ͵ȥɣ˾æ˵˵
СӨͬˣͰѩ׵۴ĲϻȻİѩƨ̧...
СӨѩƨֻ̧ѨеĴִҲ˳ֻ顱һ˶ĹͷʹѨе˳
֣ÿСӨ׵ֻƻƨϣԾæ˵
ҲæֻƴѩƨϷ£ͷǸʪʹΪ֮ɫСӨΡӨǾȥ𣿡
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˵꣬СӨ⿴˿ȷûʱִ򿪳˳ĳŰʱͼҲӸʻˡʱͨ
ֻģ䒴һִӲģСӨ֪ЩҺ嶼ԼСѨˮָͨеԼȼѨģһǳܣֿĸо
Ҳ֪ʲôԭʹҧҧ´ִ򿪺ţȻæ˽ȥ
ȥֻӺ󣬾ͼҲ˽ȥ
֣ѳŹϣСӨæԸ˵
˾͹˳šСӨһͬʱҲеǰ氲ȫˣΪ泵ǿģǿԿġ
ΡӨô㣿׳СӨߣĴӹڹϥ棬һմҺĴִʱ֪ôˣϾǵһ泵𣬾鲻㣬ԾСӨ
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СӨ˾İƨ̧
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Ȼ׾ͰŲСӨȼ䣬ȥĴִ󼦰öСӨȼѨϣ˫ٰȷֿһЩʹѨӵı¶˳
СӨǸеǳģԼڳﱻ׷ֿѩ׹⻬ĴȣʹԼ˵Ĳλȫ¶ڹ۱ǵ£ҪѨôĿҲſ˫ȵģ
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ΡӨоô˫֧СӨߵĳϣߴŹĵ
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ΡӨǲ𣿡״Сȵʵ
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СӨûףǴ򿪳˳ת˿³ΧûˣʻĳŰ򿪳ž˼ʻϣֹϳź󣬾򿪺óһЩֽȻתݸĸף֣һ£ѿӴϡ
׽ӹֽ֪СӨΪʲôҪڳţ
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˺ˣױߵͷϵſϵƤæ˵
СӨ˾ִ򿪳ţ߶Ը˵³ؼҰɣ
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֣ȱ³ͻȻСӨŽŵԸ˵ͬʱæѳŹϡ
ΡӨôˣ׼˾æ
ˣСӨܽţΪԶһһŮеĻһкӣǾסСӨŵޣȻûкǽƽʱ涼дкģʱСӨ֪ǵĳͣԼұߣҲԽԽǽѾ͸ˣҪǿԼ͹һںߣǾͻ˼ĵģ
ܿ죬סСӨŵޱǵĺӾСӨĳСӨڼʻϣŮľͺЦŶСӨ˵Ө³ˣ
Ϊǻ඼֪ԷֵģСӨһ³ϣԾСӨˡ
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ǰҹȥ̳·أСӨæЦŶ˵
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ϹźӿǵĳɣҾӨĳأؼСӨͬˣͶվߵϹ˵
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Ϲ͸Өĺ濪ɣرߴСӨǰţϹ
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һжţСӨûüԣѾСӨұߵĸʻˣ
Өûɣո븱ʻϣؾͿСӨЦŶ˵
û...ûͦõǻ...СӨ¶εһЦȻ˼Ҷˣ³ɡֻǿװЦݶ˵ˡ


ڶʮ ׵뷨
ӨȥǸ̳أصԸʮֵˬ죬СӨԸЩԾͺЦСӨ
СӨҲ˵ǸɽˣеĻڿҲûдϣȹǿյģһȹһǾͻᴺէйˣԱְܵѶȹٰ˫Ⱦĺϱ£ȻͶ˵ȥǸɣ·Ǹ˴ģ
Ǿȥʢ̳ɣļ۸ȽʵݣˬĶСӨ˵
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ⶼʲô˰ڳĸһֱûгԣôȻҲǷǳģͿԻؼҺСӨٽ֮µģ벻·ɱҧ𣡰ĺ¸ˣҲǷǳģ˵ֲܲ죬ֻˣ
Ө㳵ڵζùŶͻȻر߳˳ӣ߶СӨ˵
СӨһȣȻ֪ʲôζˣϾŮ˵ıǷǳеģͱ߿߶Զ˵ǰҲŵˣ⳵Ǹģôֹζأ
4SԱ...˵ˣ˵ˣ...ؿŸ׶ڳ˵һͲ˵ˡ
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ӨĽ㣬ôõһõһǸжأ¶ԼˣִĽСӨ˵
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ҲĹӼסҰҲиˣǺǣСӨ˵˳
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ŶҼλźӳȥˣСӨæ˵
ŶӦ
Щп޵Ļ⣬ʱʱĴһЦںĸ׵Ƶġ
ʢ̳СӨѳͣͣϺ󣬾ͼϹҲĳͣ
ȻǾ˳رСӨͣϵǣָеȹûдڿ㣬յĸоʹرıŤ΢ȼرô󣬴ûвڿģеرһڿڿš
Өǽȥɣر˵§СӨֱĴȥ
źӺ͸׸λٸ󣡸׻һԲǸͷӣҲûǰ档
ս̳СӨͶ˵أһ£ȥ
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ϺȻеʪЩܣܱûдڿãԲһ䣬ԭ֮ǻվ˵˼󣬾ͺһȥ
װ¥ǵ¥ҵװĹִ̨·ҪԴ󣬲СӨҲΪ·
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ȻͿͿķֿˣˣСӨʸף֣զһ仰Ҳ˵أ
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ӨȱŻؼҰæСӨ˵
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ŵ˶ʮӺ󣬲żżµİװлˣҲ֪װʲô
Ө߰ɣСӨߺ󣬾ʹ˷ܵ˵
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СӨײ˵ҲͲˣȻͺһһ¥
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Ǻǣ˾ѿɵЦһ¡
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׼˾͸˵ƨƨ߸ȥ...
Ѹֽӷڳϱ̳ĸһұȽϸɾĲ͹ݣ滹а䡣
СӨ͸ҪһģǴеңǸϲˣԾҪһ䡣
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͹ϲ˵ٶû˵ģûһᣬˣ
ΡӨܲܺȵ׾أŲĲˣ׵ľˣʹŵӵССӨԼƵġ
֣ȾͺȵɣҸأСӨһ죬Ͱ˸һ˵
Ө͵ȻҪˣҪǲͬ⣬־ͲˣǺǣЦǺǵĶСӨ˵
ֲ֣ţȾƸҪͬⰡСӨ˾ѿڶ˵˳˵͸е⻰вףʱͨ
ΡӨھҵŰǺǣЦ˵
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׼˶ʱ͸¶ϲɫȻ߳䣬һƿװİ׾ƺһƿţ̣ΪϾǴƵ꣬ûרŷԱǷģԾҪԼȥˣ
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ٺһɣֺȰɣ˵
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ȻϱͿʼ߳Աߺֻһʱ䣬ѾһˣҲЩӨڳ̼𣿡
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ԽԽˣǲǣʱСӨʦѵѧƵģ
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˵ʲôѽæ̧ͷСӨ
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ǰָʱһȥ԰棡趼ڣ־Ͷڹ԰ǼܱϷɻϣߣ...Ө㻹ǵ𣿡״ż˷ܵСӨ˵
Ŷǵð...զˣ˵ôףСӨô᲻ǵأǴεӡرأԼڱϷɻϵС︸ߣܣϹ棡
Өǿȥ԰ıϷɻ氡ȫˣû˻Ϸɻİ׼СӨǵãæ˵Ķ˵
СӨ˾µϾͨ˵һҲûǼܱϷɻôƫƧĹ԰ϽǣӲݺܻ˽ǼܱϷɻڵģҲǾԵİȫԾ͵ҧ´˼...


ʮ ʵ
ӨզҪǳ˷ȥ԰ٵǼܱϷɻһ£׼СӨûֱӾܾ΢죬ͷ˼ţеϷģ̲סһϲȻͿ
...ȳ˵ɣ˶ˣ԰ɣСӨ̧ͷߺ죬ȻŲϵĲ˵Ը˵
͸¶ϲ֮ɫΪ֪СӨϾǸкʵŮʿôֱܻӴӦأڹĨǵİʾԼˣֻҪ˷ôͿȥ԰...
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֣ͱٺˣСӨ˾æס˸ס
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