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Ժѹ漴еһͷʹһ
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Դǽϻһ羰ͷϷˮӵȵ
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ǣﲢҾסĵط 
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ȫˣȻһ˦˱˦صϡ 
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ᰲһŮͬסԺһͬͬסǶŮԱĽͣ⻰
ҡ˼ǽ˵ƷŮˣ

һʼһӦһɫŮ˯һŴϣ˼
û˵ʲôҵ˸߲ҵ˵ӭҰѽеļźãҲ
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ԭû꣬νΡ

ˣҲҪˡڴߣβ

ף죳Ƿ˲һСʱֲûں
ۡ

ˣûÿ˲ٵģһСʱʲôסĿ
ҪٱݵŮԱдÿͷס֪ϡȻ
ˣһ£ûвٹŮסͣ

Ƿ׳ִֺ֣ҪҹȥҾ֪ˣ
ȥȻͰ·ּˣ찡һҶܲˣҪ


ȥʱ㲻Ǻ𣿻ŲˡЦ

ΪҺͬȥˣһ׳
ٵ۾ˣ֮ŷ˰ظԪǮ
ǲҲңԪСѣϸһЩ

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һѣȻк뿪ᡣ

һѽȥˣӭǴþ㣬һʮ
ٸһƷϸעĿӱ֥˵Ů
ԭ⻰ҲǾԣҲǳģǱŮԱ
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ˣҿųŴ򿪣˳ΪԶ̫ܸо档
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ܿܿǣãҲһǣáλС㣬ǣϣ߹
ǰ̨ʱҵĿⶼͣһԲϵػζŵزϣԲû
һʱ俴òΪģҿԿһֵΧ
ҺܱϣΪѵسһ飬һȫס
ƴرţݵ

ڳ൐ڣֳ˶࣬һţ϶ûӡ
һѵ֤ҰסʱϹҵְֻҵԵ΢
Ц

ӭסȼٱݣԵһ£ҺͬϽס
ǡҿĵ֤ϱõĻԭҲûνڱ֪
ݵ˹һָͷҲùҰջΪԱ˶࣬
˼ͬ¹һǼǷ롣

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ѽ⼸㶼ˣлչѡ

ֵôƯղ·ϻǲȤˣ

Ůȱ˿˵οһҪΪṩĵΣм
Ѵ˹ΧּαװģǣȻأǵ
־ּαкţ§ס֡СЦ⣬һǽӣ
һ⼸˴Ż

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ôܳĵΣҪ֪óУŪ
εˣԶֹѣ

Ǯ˼ҵ뷨һɣҲܿܿ˵Ļּα
Ѱʲô̼淨

ԼңҵͷһһţɣÿϷѶʱ
ߵŮͬײһң̧ͷҪͬѣԿС
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Է飡ȴߵЩѵģΪҲһ仰Ҳû˵
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Աһһ³Χһ´ķǳջǰ
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ǰλװĻ֣ͷаۣȻղײҳľ


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˷һ󾢲ŰŪ˽ȥ߸Ͱãغ
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Ӣ۵͵͵˳ǣԭڣҲشˡ

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ȻѾֻȥ뱨֪ͨ˭ˣƿ
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Խ󡣺ܿ촫ĳ𣺡ǼĲһ£һȥ
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磬Čšðúϲֳֺɦϡ


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룬һǸԼһǰ裬봽ϸƷȻ˳
֬Ů鷿ָемͬŮҵŨԶ
ԡ

ҷ²豭Ȼһ䣺Сȥǰ裬ƻ
ŮɲٲҶˡ

һЦѲ豭ŻڲϣЦһ벻Ҳ
ô𣬺ҰֵЩⷰһѽҲеȥˡ
֪Ʒǰ裬Ϊ˲ʢŮڲ֮ǰڲ
һΣڸ֮߳ȫɢõϢʱٿʼ衣

ŶǺȵЩ˵ְһ衣



ЩȻǣƷֻͨƷ֣ϴȥεʱ
˼͵ģȥʱɣ趼ûгѿȻ˵һβҲ
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ǴСһҪȥƷĲҶˡ

ȻڒǰҰɣЦס졣

һ˭˽ˡЦŻӦ

ٵȼ°ɣʱ˵˵ţ豭ַڴϸƷš

ˣС㣬ΪʲôҪΣĲ
һ춰˳

ҲֹΣҶѧʱ򻹵ͥʦ֪൐
֪ܿܿûдȥңʧǵһķԱ
ʼߵëࡣαһ˫ֱֱؿң
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߶ѣͥʦҪƵѧϿΣһ
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ʱ컹ҪڸϿΣٹȥϰ࣬
ࡣҶ㻹У˴ѧҰֵЭЧˣԲȥ
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мˣкӣһȺٵŮߣȴʲôҲǲˡ

ҲֻܴҲܼɡ

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ʱҺһȥݷҲǾʦȻλߣ
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Կü¹ˡּαһͷϴŽЦݡ

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ּα̡͡һЦʯͷǿʯͷͦһ飬
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ɡ˵ʱ˺ܶ࣬˵ԼҲ̲סЦ
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һֻҵָѷ죬Ѩصسšо
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ÿһεĳһһϡұ߰ԵĽ̬ʱ
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˽ʹڴϢɢһւ㣬

ᣬôþ˼ôǿҰ
ԽԽáҿ첻ˡܡǿˡ
ˬ𡭡ˬܣԲ𡭡Ҷ
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οʼǰͦαҲѾʼҵÿײ
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˵Ĺһͷǵӹ̫ˡ
ӦЩȥ塭𣿡

ԡ춥
ˡˡðҡ


ҵߣԿܻߵĽͷģ
˾סαʱѾȫ߳ļУһɹŨ̵
ͣĽҹͷϣʹҵĿܴﵽͷһ
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ʱֻзҺ̱ǿʯͷϣΪʯͷմ̫Һ壬
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Һ˳Ʒ˳֮Сֵĳˮȫһ飬
ȫû˳У漴̵ĳˮ֮УһɫӰζţ
æֹȥһּα˱ұڻУţͬʱ
̽ͷˮǵͷй¡

ʱһ䶼û˵һСּαֿ˹
ˮвˮֱƨɴ˳رߡ
ˮתβҵĿ貿ҵӲֱ
⣬ҵ뵽ߡ

ˮıȽϺұѨŪ
СѨȫѳƿءͷ۾ˮʪĳҿ
һʱһִֻˮˮ˳ͨǰʷ
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⡣ʾͣȻӵţһֱһַżͦ
Ħ٣ܿ濴
գһˮ飬ֳĵı飬һܣҵĹͷ
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ˮ޷Ϩ̵壬Կ¶ļαǳɫҲ
ˮɢȻˮۺŵڣ룬϶һ
ķ羰

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ӵţϾҲˣͷҵļϣҵԲСѨߡ
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磬һʼû㣬ûбþߣ
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Сˮڸ߳컵ϻӨˮεε¶
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ּαڴϸǺñܿͽ磬֪Уû
ڲ֮ܶʲôʣҲֻܵȵϡ


13

ҪԶʼ漰ȤĻ⡪ļʽУ
ƴ

ּα̵ƴĿ϶дʵ֮ǰѾаʾˡ

ǽˣ᲻»صԭ磬ûá





Ȼ֮䣬һۻԶҵĶС

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磬˳8ǰȥ

֪Ŷʱ˵ɣȳ԰ɡ

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ȺдһԱһֵֹĹܣֳָָ㣬
ȦߣǸ԰ȫڣǾȻһȥ
ںΧ۵˼Ȼ󣬺ȻأһԺýþͱѹһиͬ
ˡ

Ůֻ߸Ͳͬ⣬ҲһӲ˽ϵһ
Ҫִֻּ֣ܹαϱŷϢ˶ˡ

ףҪѽȻһߴһŮ˵ĽЦŰһ
ţȹŮ˴Ⱥ˳ǸŮΪǵ⣬ò
ĳõҲ@Աѡ֡Ȼץ
סڵϣһ˳һܿѵþ⡭Ů·Ǭ
Ψз˷ֻǰͷŤһߣⲻǿԼˣ뱣
һ֣ܿ죬־λдĸתˣȻ
ˣĽͬκ֮еһС˻

難λŮôһһС꣬
ȥʮߡҵŮſڣ֮ǰߴŮȥŮ
Ȼ޶ԡ춣˷ˮŮΧȥ

難ûɶŮ档ûλ׻Ӧһ׳
ӾȥŮ±߷ҽкһ߲壬һ
߷شЦ

ȻܵȺǼսּαǸλãȻͷض

㰲ŸСϷʵ

ǲϷҰŸ֮ڣΣѾ
ˣҿҵֽ

ŶҲֻô

ҲҲܲɣûĹ

Ϊʲôȥ

ҽȥߣӰֻῴҷ
ܾ԰ˡ

ôĻǴСġ

Ҫģû涨ʲôطȻϲҲϲЩ
Ϸǣ˵ҲʹǼٵġ

ҸղҲʹѽҳڶ

֪ģһЦU˵һҲȱˣȥ
ɣ

ǣ

ȻˣҲʱҲʹˣ

ʱ´С㣬Ҹܼ´һתһ䣬Ϳ
խһǽһţʾһߵȵȡ

ﻹԼּα̵˽Уżм൱߿

ԼӣŴ򿪣߳һλŰɫºɫ˿
ȹŮӣϻ˵ױϸĸ߸ɫ׺ִ
ȻйԱƷ

еĺţղȷǿһУբѾˣ
ԭ߻ֵൽڲߣǶ㲻ϵˡ

ϣһ_ȥԥһ£Ҳϸȥ˵
ʵ֮һûǿ顣

ܴӺһѱţŮְԱϡؽһȥ
Ĭر˫ȽŵڵأţԷҶܳ
ĳ˺ȻΧһĴҸеԵ鷿¶˳
κܴ󣬿ȥۡ

Сôô°ࣿ𣿡ܻ

ףû뵽ںߺţŮְԱſǻƴŤ壬
ܵͷְֻסҶ˫֣ÿںסһͷͷŪţ
Ĵȷֿ˫ϥѹסȻһֻȹ֮ڣĺ˿
ڿ㡭

ǾͱˣҪϰҰɡŮְԱ
˽ѹģķӦʼ

ӣˣˬ˾ͷߣеģƽʱҲûÿ
ɡ̧ͷ˵

仰֮ŮְԱĶͣͷŤһߣ˵һ䣺
ᣬÿͻһ𣿡

˲壬ʲôƤЦ˵ţʱŮְԱ
ѾǬĺ˿ڿҲȹҲϵ䡣
ȥʱŮְԱؽһңݴŰ󣬵Ҳ
һ˿Ŀ

һ١𣿡ǰߣͷԼ
ϥϣһŮְԱųǰζѩ飬ͷĶŪͦ


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١ǲӡٻʿͲŮְԱ

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ŮְԱˣٻʿΪԼ
ԾͳΪ١ŮҲûǿɣʵ
ܶŮԶ˺·ĿˣȻһͲȥĸо֮ǰ
ĥŽȥ̼ˣ

˵ҲҲתãЦʱŮְԱͷʼ
ҰڶҡβнҵÿһػԺУȫǸղһ
˲ּα̵龰ҲԽԽ͡һֱоҪˣŮ
ְԱٵýжвҲŻع

滻ҵʱҲл۲һиҶ
ֳȤּα̵ѣҲɵġ
ҲֻһߴҲûʲô̫رҲҲҲ
ֻǿŮְԱ˵ľҺ

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֮һʰ·һ߻

ǽϻ£ȻĲ̣ŮֻԼȥˡ
ܵһţԪĳƱ

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ùҽԺĻʿղŲ˵١𣿡

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ȻǿҵľͲֹλˡ

ŮְԱǴӺﴩ춻صֳȺ֮еּα
÷̣˫΢촽һһϵشĴҺ
ʢģ嶼ھҺߣͷҲһһ
ŵİǡ಻ĸ߳һһµؼЪԳ鴤һһɵ
ˮڵʳһгˮһ̲߲Ļ༣

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˵Ǽ仰һ

٣ŮҲ̫˰ɣֵܣǬ̨Ǹϣ
ɧ֪˭˵һ䣬ȺӦ

һȥһõĵط

ǾǼưɣȥʱŷߵҲʧˣŮ
ΣãţҺŮģʶ˰ĦĦҵŮģʼʹں
˲ŵʱ򣬻ڼִŵ

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Ȼ̨ϣȥ̧

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Ск٬ͲмСк˿ûᣬͦ
Լոտʼëûôļ͛_ȥǸֽƤǮ
Ҫˡ

СͲΪ˵ΪԼ
Լǡּα̵̻ôԼҺȻ
˵

ÿһٹˣֻѰԼ԰·վ
ֵСֶѣԼϷеĶ£ϣӣӣܽӿڵ

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Ů㣬뿪и⣬Ҳ棿

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ȻʶءһȺ˵ڨЦ

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񣬻ͽ͵ȰЩ뿪

Ů㣬㿴㾯ť۶۴ˣУСǱ
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˹۲ϸ΢ٵͷŮƷǼ߾Ե
͸ʳºͰκ˿ȹϹȻťۿ۴ˣؿ
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ءŮŮˣŮοǺϡƽ飬Ҳ
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ɣ㡭ǶѾյ˿Ըоľ롣

ŮѾ޿ɱܣΨаͷŤһߡԲĬźš

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˽ץסֱۣ˰ھǰϣȫܶ

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һˣŮͷһ˿ڽһ
⻬ƨɣ˺˿ԼͱСѨߡ

ɧúܰɡЦ֮оԼ̨ʱо
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Կװֿ⿪˰ϵּα漴̨ϣʶ
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ԽԽ

ڣͣ˽Ų˵С㡭

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˳˳·ǳҸ֪Ǵȥǡ

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ǸҲҰôּα˵

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ԱΪְҵϵúܶ˿Ҳر֪ȡˣʣ
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ˡǸŮѧڴҰ˻ҡͷ֣һӲ
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ֱӰΧΧ۵ȺһӣһССɧ

ߴ粻ָӦúܲС˲һCupҲ񡣡
ҶСΪ嶯»ζŵ飬ĬĬڱȽš
ȻֳϱȽЩ϶棬̫Էˡ

С벻ҪŮͬ³ȥС֣ܿ챻˦

Ѽ·Ҳ𣿡СһϺȣȻҧ촽
Ѷ̿ͬڿһףïܵë޳Ĵ
һĸ̾Ҳ˼ȥȽǲҲһ
ĿȥȷǸ

СһŰĶ̿߿Բɵ˫ĿպҴк
һһһںĶҷ˹һæֽţ
ϸϱ߻оеʪʪģһȻһŮװ
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רŵһͷ˼¡

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Сһֻ鷿һָֻųȻ¶Цݣ
ջ񣬻ܣ˵ѽ˭
Ҿ͹ǲǺϲ𣿹ѽ

СǱ߿ŵĻȥϢһ£ְ
һ¡һȣһѼΧסһ棬
ȻһҲˡ

ſңǾԴ˵Ҿϲ·Ҳ𡭡
λһһСͬͬ⣬Ӳһ߿ŵĻߡ
һߵǰޱض̯֡

СڿȥҲʣ
ʰý˸

һԲתűһȥ˻ңΧ۵ȺҲɢˣֻ
ҵվš

Ҹղǲ̫嶯ˣ侲ҲоԼ
ղŵΪЩ˼顣

ӱͬµĽǶȷʵǳ嶯ˣҵĽǶ
һлл㣡˵ţ̧ͷһڡȻ˵Ժ
ôҶУҲٱԹˡһ˿

û˵Ҳ֪Ӧ˵ʲô̹˵С㷢Ķ
ͬ£ҿ϶ͷǣҲܳݸȥ
ѾԼδ뿪Ѿüޡ

Ҳȥֵˣ߻Լһһһ
֣Ҫǰ̨Ҳûʱᣬֱһҡͷһߴ˳
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ôѾƽˣ֪ͨҽԺһȥҽԺ
ͼһ£ҽҩѱݸһܻ㱨ôɡ

ȥҽԺ𣿡

Ҳû취ˣֲȶȥҽԺһҲáһһ
лǸҸղѾǸˣû˵Ҳ֪
ûнܡ

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Ŷ㲻˵ҪȥǸҵȻҪ֪֡˳ںߡ

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ӦûֻǸѧһ㻹ȥȻûС

ڱ˵ȻҪҽ˾Բų֣ΪŻ
סͣԾȻͣڲţĻʿС֣
Ȼ

С㣬ȥҽԺһ£Ҫһ²Ǽǣ
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Σ˾ȻֻҪߣҾͿһˡ

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ҾȵŴ죬ȻϵǧޥˣûзӦ
ֻǽͷŤһߡ

Ȼˣģ㸺ƺ󡣡ȻˣҲֻӰ
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·ϣȻϵնȽΣǧޥŤͷŴ⣬һԲ
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һǵһҽԺԭҽԺʮԵ
ڽ̱־ûЩڽ̣ҽԺ־ǺɫһһŮ֣
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ҽԺڲ˲࣬ǧޥҲûʲô⣬ԾȻϵҽֱ
ȥң߻һʮвûȻɫе
Ǵ󲡣ߵҽڲдһȻϵĵ绰

ʿվɸʿңλвҪȡԣ鷳ˡͬʱ
ǸԼߵһߵﴲǰʼ⿪ԼƤ

ȡ

ܿ죬һĻʿ߽ңĲǰɫĻʿۣǷۺɫģ
ʵϰʿҽЦãλȡ飬
Ƚϴ󣬲ÿڣֱ±ߣ𣿡

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ʵϰʿǸǰĿ״¶ֱͦļ͡
ʱŸûأҽԸҾͲÿˣ
ֱӽɡ˵꣬ʿ΢΢һЦϵĻʿ۽⿪һɫ
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𼱣һҪ׼һЩ˵ţЦӯӯĻʿߵһߵĹӣ
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ף֮Ҵûù뿴Ķ벻Ȼҽ
Ժڷˡ

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㲻ҪţŮһҾͿˣȡ̺
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ŴϰɡЦŰѻʿﴲϣȻ
Ͻڿ㡣ʿƨﴲϣס˵Ĳӣ
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ҽԺá

ҽһ۲ڴ׮ƨɣŻʿ˽Уڲд
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ȥȡҩɣˡ

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ҽǸ̶֪˶ãϱҲ֪Щʲôҵּ
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ңҽҲһȻֻλˡ໡ؽ
ضڻʿĿ䣬˵ȡˡ

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ͨҲסҪ׷

С㣬ƺЩˡæݵ̬ȡ

ҽû˵˻Ͳǧޥ˵סԺǮԼ
ЩǮһУ㵣ģ

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ðҿ˺ܶˡĻʿ΢Цƿѹ
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С㣬һ£ȷе˲ҪסҲԡ
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ȻͷһԲ̵ʱ򣬲Ŵˡ

С㣬Ǻãǵ˲רְʿղ治˼ȥ
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˵ˡ

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ôˣҵǸҲܸңĿ컨塣

ȻǣС㣬ҽгһǱݵǰ̨ӴPJ2031

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ˡ

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⡭ҿ൱ϡ

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൱㵣㵵ĵȻҪҹԵ̬
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ڿһߵĴͷϡΪϵĽҿһΣһ
ҲУҲ˯ⴲϡ˽Ǿˡ

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ɵӶ뿪ȻһֱòҲ㲻Ȼ鷿
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弴ɧٸӱ֥ŵÿϰܿܿЩȻ
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ҪխǣЩɺԣ֮ǰٹŮˣС
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ҽȥʱǧޥһԲΪۡ

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ҪҵĻһƣһ£

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ٽٶȣڣǿˣҲҺ
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ڼʬֻеҶҡ壬Żתһ¡

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ʹ˼£ȻָͷסͷôĴָŪһ

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һĬһ˵ʲôֻǴĵ׵һɶּλͬ顣

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˫ʲôģӦֲˡ

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ƯŮѣȻһȥҰ֣ɹʿܴЩҰǱԡ



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ǰſβ߸𣬶һŲһͣ
ﴩһİɫ滨ಽںߡ

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£ղŷһһȫӵԼҲЩˡ 
¸磬㣬ôˣŶˣӱ֥û°ɣ 
ӱ֥ʲô£ôˣ쿪ʼˣкȥ 
õģлл¸硣ˣԲ¸磬ҸղҲ֪Լˣ 
һʱ򻹺úõѽԸҳʲô𣿡 
ҳĬһΪӻѣǾ˵ 
ˣôˣȳȥˣ·Ǳߣλڵڣ
ںͬһʥԱߡ 
ãҴ·ϳˡС𣿡 
С㣿ûˣܿܿſڵţҲ֪ 
õģϳ 
ٳ֮ǰһϰԵؿֻһƬհס 
ѾıͣһƬֶͳ˵Ϊʱ䣬
ԴҲܰݵȴϲʽʼҿϵܿܿˣ
ܿܿȴڣƻſڵȴۡԱߵһϣĸλ
á 
ҵ˵ڣȻʥŮѣǻǸղŵ·
ֻhBһɫ˿磬Գ˼ֹ 
ʥһûһشŻȻΧ˵һ̾
žһ̧ͷſhB¶ȵɫ˵
ôˣǸŮ˭ 
Ҳ¼Ҵӱ֥ȥſڣҲ൱졣
غһʮ͵ʲôǸ˵Ҳܿܿ
ϡ 
ĿĽ㣬ˣŮӡ 
ıܿܿҪߣü΢΢𣬳ëºڰ׷ͬ
һ䡣ͦıߵջźΣӯ촽һǳЦ
㷢٣һƥɫĽУѣĿľ£ֱѾ
޴ƣ¡Σź۴ָ磬ֱȰ㣬ұ覣
ӻҪڵģȱչ˵ǰ 
ϲغܿܿӵţʹܿܿЩΡ 
ǸĴŮѽҰҪ漸ˣΪʲô
ҽ˰ɡͷˣܲȥ
ʺ䣬hBϡ 
ߵ˶ּα̵ģҲ˿ôõ
ŮˡȻϾǻ磬˵ļӲȴſɲһ׷
 
ֻû˿ڵģ 
˲סط 
ʱһǰߵ˶ν
ԼνЦ 
 
ΪѾأɨ֣Ҳȥο͹ˣ
Ū 
죬֪һǹһأ 
21 
ѽЩСᣬϱߵķ䲻ȥ˯ô˯ӾԱߣ
̺ӣһӰɣȻһǰ¶ˮطŮѿܲˡ 
ллҲȷʵеˣҲɨˣȴȥ
еء 
Ů˯ѽϸġ 
̧̧ͷѾУֻϡļǡڶ
ѾԿǰס 
¸磬ҿɫһֱ̫á̰ɣ 
̵ңȴûпܣʥݹ̺гһ
ʥҵ 
ϵĲȴʱѾϵòˣҲˮϺȵöе࣬ϴּ
Ϳ¶̵̨ʥ 
ʥӣҪƺҳ¸ˣһɡ 
һγ̣ζǺֱԣôסʥû⵽ҵľ̬
Цһ£˵ 
ʲôӵģƺģ㻹ǽʥɣ 
ʥǱǸޡҲܿܿΣµĴϰ壬
ͼܲܵĹӣ˽൱ǫ˿ûӵܸ
ļӣɼҼҽơһǶ˵ҲĺԼĸס 
ȥϴּıͲ٣ƿʱ򣬿ԿԱʼʰ
ϵĲб˺ԳԺȺȵĻѾӽβС
ıͿʼ˼Ҹ뿪ģһ»ڵĲߡ 
һҸպҲҪһԼĹ˾ķļƻҲе
ơҸоԺ 
û˵̧ͷߣǶȿԿּα̣
ӦһЩƵĿˡһɫķǼ򵥹һ
ӡ 
㻹ּҴС·ӿ߰ɣҶ˵ʵղſ
ȻôϤǾȣȻʶҽˡ 
⻰ȻһĸжȻ˵ⷬ
ӦĻҲ̫Ǹˣǰ̷£֣صػش𣺡ллʥҲ
ܸλѣȲܴСǱˣҺ˵ˣ绰 
õģžڱˡ 
ȻȥɣҪŮѡһ˴źġ 
ϲİˡһˣ 
ҳ̾ͻȥԵе࣬Ҫһ¡ 
ʥ˵Ҫ˾ǮҲṩģóȻܽϣ
ϾǶӣЩǮȥҲʲôֵ顣һֱõ
ʱ֤û취칫˾ˡ룬Լһֱ
ٴĳЩ˵ 
ִС㣬ܿܿһ㣡 
صտʼʱҾžƱĴС㣬
Сһɫּα̣԰һӣһֱš 
ҶҪȥкʲôӡ˼
ǰʱ棬ӣҪһһ
ȥ嶯ͷԼڼɣ¶Լ޺ô 
°޺ּα̰ŵ˵ڶʥhBҲȥ
޿ԼӾȻҲڣɫЩˣΪǻϣ÷
û˵ʲô¡²ʧʱذʥҲĿλϣ
һԤĸλȫˡ 
Żɴܿܿ㬵ĸ첲мͨ߻ȫһ
ƬͬʱŴź˿ȹƷŮԱŲ˳ˡ
ϲʽڿʼˡҶͬ˵˵Һȫʶ
ȻŲ죬ǶڻѯʸղǸ˺
˭ҷЩ֣˶ʶޣǺ
ĸ 
С㣬ڼˣ죡ͺážƱ
ּα̵ߡ 
һ˼ѽ졣֮Ұִȥ
ˣû취˭ˣܿܿĻ
ҪԾͽҹ 
С㿴ңɫһϲҲվϵĳ
ҲŵλϣһԱߵҲóҺĹϵ򵥡 
á 
ᵽһߵȻ̧ͷĿԡ 
޿ȥ൱ţŸ۾ͷһ˿˿
Ṇ̀ѧֻߴѧڡҾžƱЦеҲ
ٱվ 
ѳһҲǽܿܿѡұԼ
һϯģּα̽ҵ˵˵ĵ壬ǵĹ
ϵҹƵԭ򶼽ˡ 
ܣִ֮СѳһڴԵ
ðϰһҲϸš 
׻ڶȴ൱ֵĸоǰˣ
α̴ˣö֮شֳĿľҪˣ
ŮڵŮ˵ֲ£Ǳһλ
̣ҲԼҪĴŮǽ˵Ů
Ҫ̺Ķ 
ֵǲǺݣȴȫ߼ 
ǿ⼸˳ˣֶŮѣҲ
Եֶ֣Ůô㣬ȻҲй֮˵
Ժлڹ˾ˡ޻ûкͰ˳
Ȼ̳꣡ 
һʱеſڽ࣬Ҫɽȼٱǰְ̨ҵ˵ 
һһֱҰֵҵ﹤ڴҵˣԺƻҪ
ЯǴСһҽΧҲǣҵ˵
ȴҿ˵Ҫöࡣ 
С˵úãܻܣֺ󱲵żѧϰİ
ҪЯҶʼеԼˡ 
ãڵ͵ʱ򣬻ֻ
ôŮͬˣ˵ţľƱҲ˹ˣ
һڡ 
ٿһ䣬ȵϰȥ֮ѹּα̡ 
С㣬ֻܿܿǺʧ 
ּαҡҡͷ˵ҰֻˣȻҲϲˣλ
Ҳ֪϶ϲֳϡСȻܿܿ
ţҼʵʱ䲻СҼҲѾʱˡҰҲ
˵ˣܿܿԴȥ͵ǻҡ 
֣ҺЦҿס 
С㣬һֱҪ𣿡 
ҰֺԼ죬Ӧú͵ˣʱȥҰɡ 
õĴС㣡Ȼȥˡ 
һʱｻƱյˮ½ϳµĻҲ㾫¿ɿڣȴ
ûôԡǱߣȻ͵ûв͸ǽֳ
ǲֶߣһʱ˹ƣƤҲãϵҲãݿ
ʵҲã˻Ҫ֣޵Ҳ߲ܣ
䣬ȻǸǳһ򣬵Ҳ˲٣ȻСҲһ𾴣
˳Ҳ˲١ؿţֱ;ڼ 
ʥ߻ȥıӰҰ̼˼ڣҲ
ȥȻһЩĵ׻ǶٶЩ񣬽飬
ǱﾴʱѰ·ɸǳ齱
HֻãŮɺ˿ŮԱҶѾ̫ˡ 
ϮϮͷѵúȻӿһ񾲣һȻ¥µ
ƵӾأӾؿһˣƹҲ൱Ļ谵رߵĲݵر
ϵɫȾһɴסӨıɫˮˮ᷺ӳųرߵĵƹ⣬
һƬʡ 
һѽڿʲô 
ͷһǴС㣡Ҳ¶̨ˡϻɫ
ʵظϴһᣬԼɼ̺嶥֮ĳܺޡ
Ϊ˾ƣհϼգ˫峺дż룬ͬϵ
Ӱһͷ㷢򵥵һ£ޡǻһЦ⣬֪
ǿҸˣΪƾӰ졣 
С㣬ҳ͸ױ𣿡 
ּα΢΢һЦ˵ҲȥҲ͸͸ 
ҲһЦȵЩ࣬Ǿʵ㲻ˣ 
ҳһҲУǲ˶ٴˣǺǣ˵⻰ʱ
ƲƲҺɫӡյ촽 
ûСеġǡָʲôˣֻǸоǿж
ʱ䣬 
С˲پơΪýҿԸоϺ
촽еľ⡣ 
ģЩƻŲңû취һһܹ
ҲܲŰɣһһڴңһûлңм
ֱӾģӾͿеĻ˵
һͷּαǾƺ󻰶࣬ЦŨ糺
ңˮϵգ 
ԩѽҵһΪҪˡʲôϵҲ
һЦЦԼֱ档 
ʲôѽпӵ𣿰ɴٶһ
ɣŻȥˡ˵ţּα̸ɴҲſһ𣬡ף±и
Ӿأûˣȥ档 
ţҲдˡ 
ҲӦò˰ɣ 
϶ûУС㣬ǡ 
ʱߴһ˷λ
ϷҪʼˣ˲˷ܣģ 
ֵŵļСŵЦͱ͵ 
ȣǵ￪ʼˡ˷ȫֳĻ
ѹȥ 
СŤͷһۣЦһǻȥɡ 
뿪һһס֡ 
ôһعͷЦⲻδʣָһ㷢 
Ȼ¶̨ĵƹ谵ƿνǣ˵Լĵ
˵С㣬ȥˣ㲻ǲϲһȥӾذɡ 
˵꣬Ҳܴ𲻴Ӧܡ 
ףһҪ 
ҪҪѵһΣ 
бݵƶǲ࣬Һ׾ҵ¶̨һߵĺ¥ݣּ
һȥǸоӻһ·ϴСȻ˵
ãҲ˳¥һΪ⣬ΪҲȥˡ 
ӾصţţҲʲô⣬Ϊդ൱
û˵СԼѾ˹ȥһդ֮ϣ
ҫĳ㱳ӰǰڵرܣƯĳˮѽ
ϲȻ󣬡ͨһԾˮߡ 
ڵһˣҿһỹûж
رߣѾˮ˼ء 
ýʲôԿøҹɫµӾأˮԱɰ
ı߶̲ݣҸɴЬˣŲϱߣֻĳ
Уһ硣 
˷ھֻгˮ֮Ļˮػ
ˮżǱˮУˮɵת˸̽ͷ˦һ˦ʪͷ
ˮһ֣Ͼˡ 
һҲɣ 
Ȼû׼Ӿ㣬һ㲻ɣǣҲԼѵþ⣬һ
Ҳˮߡ 
䣵ˮһһ飬ˮ֮˴СЦ
ǰǸˮζİɫӰҼ˹ȥûܣæ
ֹȥһ 
һ˭εÿ죡 
Уһ㣿 
ھƵ¥㣬ԿӾ֣ʱ
ڵĳӾʱˮлˮˮòֺе
ȫԺϵˮ鵹ӳԱ߾Ƶ¥ĵƹ⣬ѣĿ˵
ʥ࣬ҡ 
˵ǣһֱûǣǵǾƵסˡ 
һжôˮɣһˮбһˮ̽ͷ
㷢üë۽ë϶кµˮ٣ˮٽգˮٴ
ӿ˶󳱺ϻ㵽£
εϻص峺ĳˮ֮С 
ڸᣬǵ 
ʲôѽһû㿴͸𣿡ʱСԭʵĵ
ϤĻ棬ʼҵ 
ڣȴ˿ûǷ˼ǡ 
һɡ 
Ѿ˵ȥˣΪҶ촽 
˲ȫʧеģǴϴ㵯ۣ
̰˱ϵÿһ˿ 
ּαƿңεر˿ܶһ󣬴С
Ҳ˷Ҵ۱ëλÿжϣҲ۾ 
ءȻּˣΪҵͷͻأ
ůĿǻߣĽҺཻһͬ
壬Ҳ 
ǧתڻһУУ಻ˮ촽
Ŀ϶ͷ֮ϣҸо̵ζǲǺ 
һʲôѽڣּα̷ذƿȻһ
žһ죬ֻоջģһ˦ѽ
̫ˣǳ⣬תӾһߵļóһ
ɫĴëΧϡ 
С㣬ҡԲ𡭡ңҸղʧ̬ˣǲʧ̬Լ
һƣҲֵˡʵղҰƵʱҳ
вû̫ŭͷУ֮һ˿ᣬȻֺ
Щˡ 
ֻСǿ϶Ҫģֻë֮󣬲û뿪
ӾرϣһСëʪ͸㷢ֻǹû
ңҧ촽 
һû뿪ʹﲢûæҲ
ӾͬΧë̽Եߣûпܣû˵
ûңɾ㷢ϵˮ顣 
С㣬ԲҸղšһʱʧ̬ܾƺȶˡɡ 
Ȼû˵ëʮָΪᣬ˳ͷ 
һҲ֣˵С㣬Ҳͷɣ 
ʲô𡭡ҵѾȥֻܵͷҪѽ
֣ 
ҵָղôõˮôˣֻ֣
ָǰ㿴ݵðװ۵ġ 
ϸᣡȻܣѾתΪϲ 
Сûҵ𣿡˿̾Ҫϡ 
ԽԽˣղһȵòҾǶ̫ˣ
ҲĪĶã 
С㣬ΪˣһֱǹһˣС㣬Һܸл
㣬һţ㣬ʲôʱ㶼ԣ 
ˣƤǺǲһ˺ʲôϵȻ
˵ЦüңҸɴӾرߣһý
ˮϻȥ˫㣬ʮֻϸɵĽֺ󣬽ֺǰ
һֺǷǳȻǳۺɫӨѣĿΪˮĹϵ˫㹭ˮ
մϱ߷ǳ˳ߣϱƤ֬ϸ⻬ 
С㣬ҪҪȥһСʵӾ
ǿϱ߲ʱһһ󻶺ˡ 
ˣˣˣ˵ɣν 
۲ۣڵͦۡ 
ôˣˣˣ϶ɰɵ̫˰ɡ 
ûˣҶŹϵĴûˡ 
ǺǣǲǻҪлˣ 
Ȼãҽһţʲôʱ㶼ԣ 
ͣһ㹻ˣ˵Ҿͳ㣡 
ôҡ 
СҺЦţٷһ󡣺ߵľƵ¥
ʱҲҲӽβˡ 
ˣС㣬㽫ʲô𣿼ȥǺܽ
ɼң 
ҲûʲôرĴ㣬ǲˣ˵飬Ǻǣ
⻹С 
һŮʲô⣿ټܵļ㲻Ǿ޸Ҳ
˼ңҽĸǽ̹ݵģǡ 
֧ǣҼС̽ʵΪ
Ҳ˵ǻûҳ 
ּαûϻشã˵ҽңǰ;ܺãǣ
֡Ұ֣ˣ˵ˡ 
С㣬ʵǲǲ̫ 
Ҳ˵ϾǸװɶԲԣǣȷе㲻ϲҰ־
кĸֿˣ˵ɣԼҵ£Ҳ̫ϲ
˼Ұš 
ܰˣڻһ죲ֽ𣿡 
һ죲𣿡С̲סЦǸˣ
ÿζ˷ܣºͺʹȻЩ춼رã
ΪЩС³ܣͿʼҸ淨ɵѭƫƫǾһ
ˣľһԶһ֪Ҿϲ֮
ҵǸʹ񡣡 
ŹȴеǸŮ֮Ľʲôط
ּα˾ѣǶռϰ֮ϣ
ۿ϶ˡȻߣֹ
аǵˣּα̺ã϶ͲЭʲô 
ǽˣ𣿡 
϶˳ģҺ֮Ȥʹң϶ҵ
߹عһ׳ȥ 
ģͦġ 
ҲڣдƻǼΪʲôطھҽ
Ժֵ֪࣬ڸĸɧʿˣߺߣ 
ЦЦû˵СѽŴˮ˫ֱϥӣ°
Լϥϣ죬¶˼ֵĽοɰһʲô
ƵŤͷңЦʣ 
һҪ˵ˣ˵ɣڸоѰؼĿԽԽˣ
ɴҸ˽ɣҲȱŮˣ˵Ҳܻͦӭѽ 
ҵ黹ǳЩɣҲ 
ˣλԵʱһŮͬ³ͷ
˭ѽλǸˣõʱ˼ҲǺϸܵġ 
һͬ¶ѣûʲô 
ûʲô˵ЩɡԹſȥǿס𣿡 
Ҳûôˡ 
ѵŮסſȥǿ㣿 
¶ˡǴΡ 
ֲ˵һЩھƵ깤е飬С㿪ʼĻӦȻ
ԽԽ٣ֻӦšҵ߼Ȼһ
ȥԲһСȻҵļҲ˹
غϣΪýۼϵϸëҲһһ
һϣëڵظҲÿһµĺһһ 
Ȼ˯ˡ̧ͷ죬»ʢ磬·һƬ
ķʶ񾲡 
ҵͷҲ㷢֮ϣˣάЩֵƣ
˴˸ŶԷƳϸܵĺؽ硣 
أ׵⽥Գ糺죬մɫ˵ɫƶҲ
ýף΢紵·ԵҶСϡߴߴر̫
ǰĲݴϱ硣 
ȻҵļϣȻ˫գȻϸ೤ĺֻ
ѾƵ˾Ƶߵĳϡ 
ҵֻˡΪҲ볳ӵ绰ʱҲᡣ 
ǡڡߣҺʹС㶼ڡҰֻźãĵף
һƬ񾲡 
һжɢʱ 
С㣬·ˣɡּα̡ 
šң춼ˣһһֱڣ 
ҵȻһֱڣһȥ 
ǶͬʱЦ̧ͷܣȵ˵ôˣ
ڳر𣿡 
ղţʱ˽ǸˣҾȴ·
ˣ˯úóѽȻ֪ 
ּα̡һ˵찡ȫû֪⼸Ƚ۰ɡ
˵ŰΧϵë̺ˣϻΧë 
ë̺һƵ๤ģ˵Ҫʱ¶ˮأ
ˡ 
ţһϣҸоͦůġ̫һ̫Ϻѽ
վӭǰĳնЦƢ 
ʱһγԶʻ˹С״Ťͷ˵һ
ˣҲ֪Ӧ˵ʲôЩ飬ǻġ 
ҲǣһԶסܸлϿ˳ҵԣС㣬
 
УһԺҪҴСˣҼα̰ɣ 
Ұû˵꣬γŴ򿪣߶ţЦ 
ֶŮǻѽ׽Բأ 
˵ģôŮϻû湻С˫
һ⣬ë͵˵ϣȻ󣬳壬ĻС 
ҿ޵Ĵּαϸּα̻ܻӭŤ
壬зĽ֮ 
˼ҡסСһڳҪȲң 
ǸӵǼͳˣֶŮ˵
ļûһȵ㣬ɧ湻ꡣǻع˾
ȥһῪʱſڻϣ߿ᣬҾͱһ
㣬òã 
ѽſڻϰٵʱ򣬺ϲԱ˵
ˣ 
Ҳϲ˼ʱˣС߰ɣ 
Źϣ˾Сѳˣ·ߣֻʣһˡ 
ȴһƬƽվǰߣӭųء

22 
ʱൽĵ㣬̫ʼʱĳУ߷ǰ
ڹ˴˵Ҳ͵ʱ䡣 
ڳĳ̻㳡ԱߣһСͿȹݣǸ칫Ұǵ͵
ʥءŵ񻨵İɫСտΣƺɫɡ̨
߼ΧΧȹԱæµţһƵĿȶ˹ȥ
ֻĵĹ˿͡ 
ףпǱǸŮҸղͿȹȥˢ
ǸֻĽѽ 
ҸղŹȥѯʲôʱ翴ˣôôƯ
ǮҲ߰ɣˣˢŻȯûУ 
ûˣϴˢһţģѾˡھˢһЩԪģ
ëûС 
ԱڽͷӶ۹ʱʱһſϵŮ
ŷɫĶСףɫСģӳгѵģһ
ɫϥȹһ˫ɫĸͲѥϻְҵ꣬ڵͷ˳ž
˳شڼϡ 
ŮȻԱͷƷ㣬ֻǷֻ𿧷һ
̻üͷչ˿ȻԿȵĿζеʮ⡣ 
ţȻûƭңȶõȪ̿決ζŻǣ
- ŮȪˡ̻Ҳõ̡Ȼǣ
ţ̣ 
ŮȻԵõʱֻʾһ֪ͨ 
ƶһ㻤ԼڣС
绰 
ҿǸǮȻҲ˴ӦǰɡƶŮ
ЩȣֻһµַǸĸСˣһ
ۣȤĬ׳ٶȣ룱¡ 
䣬Ůһʱ̲סۡһЦϸоԼʧ̬
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˵ţҿּλĿ⣬УȻһ˿Ľ 
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۵ĵڶϣ˵չһЩҾͻص˾Ͼ촦
λϰ飬ҾҪȥҽԺˣ̽ĶҲˣʱ
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ÿ춼ôѽҪſբյأҺܹ
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ãȻҰ칫ҡ 
ǲǰ̨ģֲˮͬ»Ӱ
Ҳ̫á 
ǡҪѹȥҺϲһ粻·ء 
ģǸӡգ߼·Ӽѡ 
Ѹɾԣһϰͱˣ 
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ôˣһң˵ܲˣ˭šҪҲ
㣿ҾͲ㣡 
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šûϲץɡҵĴ̡̡
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˵ֺݺݵĴΣÿһǰ׻Ⲩ˰㶶
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ҼСޱϰڰ칫ҵĲϱߣƨ 
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֣Ӻߴץ鷿ǰ
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߻һأνѹϲںͳͷʩʵûʱˣֻ
ȰƵˣЩ˫ۣȱˮٽһ¹
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ղݣûһǸŮﻹʲôкõĻ
ɫû뿪ټѾʱˣͱҲˡ 
ǰ칫ǵ칫ҶûпˣګƵʱ
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ҰڷҲϻһȥ۾
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ɫΧٸҲûϵֱӣҰ¶䣬ŷ
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С㣬ڽʲôã˭㣿 
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лл㣬ŮҷйһΣôڼӰ࣬Ҳǲ
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Ҳ֮ģһͷʳϵɳ·ӻ
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Ӧðõģٸɳ·̾һ
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ŮҪôСôõӦö
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Ի֮ͿĨԡ¶Ի֮ˢϴ壬Ի֮ɾĭ
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ԡͷˮͷϵܣһʱԡڣ
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תһ䣬ҽԺһϣֻˡ 
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㣬һû˯ˣչ˽ɡ 
ȴûȥӣҡҡͷЦͣһӣǶ
һһˡ 
һҲˣλϾסһˣһλû
鷳ɣ 
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СͶС㶼ĳʲôˡ 
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Ҳ˶Բԣ 
С㿴ٿԼãͷվ˵Ҳãλһ
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İɣ򽻸ˣϴ˿ڻҩɻʿˢˣ
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ţһ鷳ͼα̻ȥУα˵æץסǸ
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С㣬㡭㲻· 
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ӱȫۼҼչղһ·Ϊķ飬Խƽ̹
µСΪزβȳ˷Ӿϣ
ϸѿۼѩߵι̼ߣ
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ë̺ϣϸĵϱס񾱣±߸ϥ
ǣѹ±ߡë̺ҪΪЩ䣬Ҳ
Ӱ쵽ߵ˾Ӷ 
ллһЦһ£Ȼû˵Ҳûм
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Цݵּαһ½סˣЩ˼޷ŵҡҡͷ
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ʲôϵѽּαҵҡһҡͷ
ѽǸŮ˵ɷ벻ͨζǸϣ˵㺦
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ʵֺγҵΣҪǲҪӰ칫˾͡Ѱԡ
δڴСǰҪװˣԤ룬⽫
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ԴŮĹϵԣǱȽ˾ȡ 
ҵѾˣҰ֮ǰһֱҹȥﵱܣ˵ֻ
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ӣټȫݲڳŤۿ۴˿ƶ
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ܲˣѸɾ·ȥ찡ɲ
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ţţھ͸жϲͷˣ 
ּα̵˫֮ĥһԺͷһƫסһߵͷ
ʼͷ촽ټݡ 
šһǡˡҪŶ 
ޣȻԼ֣ḧһߵͷϧ
ҲҵģӲ嶥ץסͷҲʼ 
šͶˡȻϲӡҧҵͷҧ
һ¡ͷĥһ£Ұˡһ
УҲˣӵķѾˮˣ컯ն
ѽҪɾšɾѽ 
ҵͷϴתȻҲز˻ϵĶȴûͣ
ָʾ֮䣬Ƭˮݵأڷķ 
ûƭɡжȥҪӲġԽӲԽáš
һҺӲˡȥɡ 
С𼱣һЩģӲġ 
Χʼפۿֻ㣬Ҳ˲ô
࣬ϰǰǰϣͷ粣һԴĶ
ָߵգѨһ˵ƣ
⼸ֱǵˮȪϣۺɫȪ̫
ĽɫŹ⡣ 
š㿴˼ں
ӲӣһҺˣӰɡּα̱˵
ŤŤȥղòȴòйڵѾ൱
ܡ 
С㲻üھˡȻ˵ȴȰ
ĿѵӲĲȷųɹɹ̫һʿ 
Ŵ󼦰͡ĺߵ
ˣҺѽСһ 
ʲôִСģ̲סЦĺ
˵ָſǸȪۣ߲ʱиȪӿһεľ飬
ҺܿҵǸۺɫͻ𡭡 
ҵˣҸһλѣ 
λѡҵͷܿ͹ȪţΪ
ƵĹϵͷöٹ򣬾ǸѪϴתЩɬ
⣬ߵľҹⷢ󡹵࣬
Ȫݼ㡣 
һͷ𡭡ˬ
СҪˡ 
ּαڵ̬ƨɲ䶯ȥǰңʵǼ
͵ҪҰǸƸ߳ķš 
ǾԸɣҪˣһҵͷԽԽ
Ҳڱ򿪣ϸоһӿȪҵϣ
ͷԸܵǻĲ䶯йﲻӿǶ
ŵĴ΢΢ؼסҵͷоȻޣЩҲ
һִĸо 
СȡźѽˣҲоˡ 
šһһҪˣͺðҪ
ļ͡ͱͽңһͷ϶С㣬ɧ͸ĸ
ڶ֫ƨɣһļߵһ˵
˫ۣͷΧΧ۵ˣŮ˸߳Ŵ˵˵
˭ϣֻҪмͶԣšҪͣ󼦰ͣ˵
ȻȺ֡ 
ġ͸ĻվԱΧ۵Ļ
߹æֽ˺ٰҶֱֻ۰ڳϣڵ
αҵģ˭ҲȾָ 
С㣬ҽԺϣں¶¶
˹һּ㣿ɧС㣬 
šôˣšŮڡֲ
϶ˬšһðݺݲ
ң 
˵ŮڡʱҲɵһŭģȫѪҺ
ӿͶǴһЩ˵һֱ˵ͱ˽ȥ
Ļ˵֮һĿ缱ꡣ 
ġҲٱɧٱѿ͸ˣɧ£
ɧ£ǲҪ֣ܣܣҰУܣܣҲٱɧ
ܣܣ˭һΣҷѿ 
ءܡ˲ˡܡһҡ
ҿ졭Ҳˡ󼦰͡ˡˬҵɧҪ
һҰɣáԡ 
󼦰͡ɶҪ͸Ůˡ
Ҳ˵ɧ¡
ô˿š 
ΧΧ˵ֻĻУԿҽԸﰴڽγǰ
ϣʶƨϴйŮһ鷿ڲţ
õµֱ۽§ҵĲӣ˦һͷĳ
˽вŴִȵԼĳʵ֮ĵࡣ
۾ϸ֫ҡҵз
 
µ⣬ԶҪȡ࣬Ѿ޷ʤ
¶ȺԷһ㡣Ϊλϲˣ
Կ϶ǴСѾֹ컯Ŀ֮ȫ汻
ԽһĿСԭ磬ֻ߳Ϊ߳ܿУ
磬Ȼû߳£¶֮Ů˶ȥ
ŮУҲֻּαǷǳԸ⡢ҲǳȥȡֿУ
Ů˶ٻܿܿ˵ŮˣҲ˼
԰ıܷӦǱƣҲ˵ֻ
˵Լ
28 
ѧΪѰԵͬѧṩ 
ڣѰԣѰһĵ·ѧԺ
ѧ硣 
Ѱ׬ĲǮĿʼۿô𣿡 
޹ʾܾѧУ㻤ӵ֯ѧ֣ 
ϱ˵ʲôУͣϣϣ㣬ֹУڹ
 
Լĵ㣬һվڼһڡͬʱҲ˽ѧУ
ѧԺУԱߣ߰ĺϱԭвŮ
ԼȥġѰԡά룬ôֱͿˣһߣ
һȥĴֺ 
ֹڴκΡѰԡ緽ʽ 
ҡҡͷ˵ѰԳʱҲûϵѽΨ
ʼʾΣתͷ뿪 
ʱֹһ죬Ұּα˻ȥڣ
һ;ģҲû취ֻȰ˼Ͱؼÿ
һڣҾ˶ѧԺУڡ 
ʵȫù˾ͬǢĴѧ
ʲôУѰУڵôϾκδӺ̨
ϵõݣԼ 
Ӻ̨һʱṩѧѧڵѰʺʹ
½Ȼӻõػ˵Ҳ£ϾԽԽ
ĴѧѧѰԣҲ½ЩƺͷѰʹõΪ֡ 
ѰԵĶһʽĹѧУ˽ѧԺֹۡ 
Ͼ˽УԷšи˼ͼֵ۶ƣУ
ѰԣͬҲڽܣͬҪȥˡ 
ʱ㣬󲿷ѧ˿Σû㣬Уϵ֣
Ⱥżһ˿ҵŮ߹Ҳĳ̬ȴû
ּλУԼ֮ǰĳЩýᵽģ·¶콻š 
ѧУѾֹΪȻڶѰԵ̬Ȳ̫
ӭҲЩŮϵĳλֱֻϡ¶
ĴСϣȻһѰԵĶά룬ֻǲ֪ȥģǻ
ȥġ 
ҸŮѧ·˳ڨһ£ѰѧУǰ
λʡ 
ֻǰλŮŸ첲ӭ˹ȥ鶼ܺãһ·϶
Цٻ⡣λͬѧ԰ͷһ¶ĵطۺ켰
ϥȹ߿νߴ粻ұߵһλȻûͬô¶
ȴһͷһۻɫһ̵ܶİɫɡȹ
ȫ¶ 
֮ѡǣΪλŮͬѧ̻¶ϣ
һά룬ҲӦλãдĸС֣ʡ 
λѡ൱˼أ 
λŮŵȤɨһȡûŮش
ҾѾ꡹ɨ˸롣 
ӭɨѽŮͣ½ŲΪ˷ɨͬѧ
һ½󣬲ͷڳһɰı顣 
ȻŮ飬ҲȻŹᣬֱ·ߣ
ϰţƵ 
λ֮ǺŮ㲻ʸɣ 
Ȼ⣬˵ʵҪ˵ˣҲϲ 
ԱߵλŮһЦҲһҲֽȥܵһ鷿
Ůװ̧򣬳ŮЦŰ˻ȥҼ״ֳ
ҲųŮ˹ȥ 
ŮȻûпܣͦһأΪ·ڵڣҲ
£ֻܸŲز 
Ȼ󣬵СҲָУ˵ʵеȽ
ŮزСζ׵ĹҲЩΣҾͰѻ⳶
λŮжάҲɨһɡ 
ѽ㲻ɨҵˡŮҵ⣬ȴ΢Ц
ҡһҡͷ 
ܾЩͷԣôˣλͬѧѵûѰ
㳤ôƯǮνˣ 
ҲǸ˼˵Ȥɨľˣ
˵˫ɷһһ˵ŮЦ
ͣʵֹ˫ˣ㿴˭Դ 
һһȻǺýã⵹ʧΪһϲ 
ЩϲشЩϲȳǾǿǿˣо仰ô˵
ģӮŮԸȽϺţЦʱڣҲ
ڲסضŮȥһЩһֱЦ 
һǮԻλŮķ̣൱˷ܣȲ
һˡ 
λ˧磬Ҳ룬ڲУ׽գҴӦҪȥ
͸ףҪȥˡ˵ǳŮֲô
Ůϲ졣 
ŶҲףһ綫յôõһ
İɡ 
ϰǹɱ˵ 
ϰǹɱ֡⻰һϷԣ˼̫ã˵ˣ
ǾиǿԼŮĹܡԼŮ͹֮ܶ
Ůܻؼ棬ôͻһ˫Ѫ۾Щʮ꣬
ѾδٰŮ 
ǣƫҲһ˵ֻлùܸǿģ
ýá 
ȻˣּҺֻƶԷŮģ绹ǱȽټ 
λû£ڹƶæɣôõƽʱɨ
˿϶ܶࡣڨ󣬿ʼת⡣ 
ҵ⣬λŮЦݶΪһЩŮ˵ǰ
࣬æҲǿˡʱѧУøԼֻɨ
ܶ࣬ѾȽˣѧУڲ׼ĵطнסǰ
ֵʱ򣬲㣬УߵĴͿԿɨֱ
ģط͸˵ˡ 
ѧУѾˣڻܵ½ȥٴѧˣ⻹
ʲôĵǡŮ˵Ȼֹ 
ŶʲôҶȻȤ 
Ůһͬ飬˵УЩѰԵģǰҲֻ
ƣȻչ͵͵Լõͬѧʱ
һЩɳӣһЩʺȥˣ˺˵Ķ
ҲӣȥͶȥУУֲܣ
ҲֻԼԼ 
йȻҺܾȵʵЩʲôˣ֪𣿡 
˭֪ѽ϶УЩˣǻ˭ 
ŮڶЩ 
ôѽŮֹԼͬ飬ͬʱңʵ
ЩڽţȻȥҴң˶ǶûȤ 
Ϊ˽ѧԺʽԴ϶Ҳڽһ֣У
һĸ磬ڼݣⱾĴͳѰ
ѧУĴӦãԸһĴԽͳ˸ֵ
顣Ȼʸ磬ǿ϶ǲϵġ 
Ѱ֮ʦҪǣȫϤҵ
и˼뾳粻һΪҪڽ䣬
ʼûоѰԵ״һ̬˵һ仰дýʣĵ
ӵסˡ 
֪ʦʲô㣬˵ʵһѰԵĸ
ۣȻҪţѰԿ϶൱Ĵ 
ͬѧȥѧУ֯㻤˵Щѧڶȥˡ 
ѧУЩǮ˵ʵҿ۵ģ˭ȥѽѰԵǮֱ
ѽڲȥҲˣҪУҽԺ߰ο֤
͸ˡ 
ѧУҲǲ׵ʣҲѹǲϲλͬѧô
ĳȣſ϶ҪڼϣȻݲСѨŹ񫣬㻹˵û
ɨ̫ʧˡ 
άһŮ԰ʱ϶ջ񡣹ȻλŮϻظЦ
ݣŮָͱһͱͬ飺ôûУ˼ɨһҲ
λ˧һ£ 
ҿǡ´һ³ŮĿĶ
ȹϱߡ 
ŮѾ˳ֻЦû˵֣Ѷȹȹ
ȹ߾ʵڿ㣬ڿ㶼ûУûаȫ
ⶫߵķۺɫС¶˳֮ҾͿڿԵߴ
ȸλãȻһۺɫĶά룡ұߴȸӦλϣ
ͬУ֣һꡣ 
ʣһ꣬ǺȤһԽûãɨ
ϧȻҺھһɾǣúƷ
ϵÿһ缡ֻǲɣһҪȥ赸ˣλŮǵȺ
ٻɣ 
ףҪȥ赸ңʦ𣿡Ůʵ 
ѽʶ 
ô᲻ʶ㻤ʱĴʦˣһ
ŮʦԲٹΪѽ㲻ԼɣҲ˵
Ѱˡյù󲻹󣿡 
Ů⻰ʵҲһӣȻǰԱԣȥλʦԵ
¡ 
һģãһģЦǵġ 
ѧԺУڵ赸ҴʱƹԼʮ赸ͬѧһ
ʦָϰ赸貽ȥ൱չ 
ֻΪ赸壬ԭ߶ϰ
ˣô鷳ϰʱֱ壬һһŮ裬
һ˿ҡ趯϶бȽܵӴзֳ
ԽԽӲֱȻ⣬ͻͱŮĴϡϡ
ϣɵö˫ЦҲһߴӵʦֹ 
ߵ赸ſڣȻͻǵϰŵͣʱ
ٽȥͬʱҲ͸λŮߵ̬ 
ʦһλʮٸӦþԷʦˣ
ڣҲֻ·һĺɫ¡ΪĹ
ϵȻȳˣһͷ㷢ͷһͷ赸ҳ
ĹԵЩ԰ף˫㴩һСɵɫЬ 
ͬѧЦһ鶯һһʱ
;ȻֱͱԼߣΧͬѧ̲סˣͣ
Цֱ迴Ҳȥˡ 
İɡô׼ 
ӴѽЦˡʦԲ𡭡̲ס 
ôˣһûͣˣͣʲôǵģһСʱˣ
һûУȥôУ龰ԷԵЩգҧӣ
СɵĽѾһֱڶš 
ʦϢһ°ɣ㿴ſˣһѧ
ͬ͡ 
ԷŤͷվſڵң˵ðɣϢʮӣ
ذ塣 
ѧһ󻶺νϢ׷װԼϵһߵ
ϢڣļͿʱſĶ 
졭ƨɣץʱ䡭 
šþˡšú÷й
š赸֡ 
ղͦú࡭ֱHˡ 
˵ˡһ¡ʱ 
յĳ£΢Ц߽赸ңⲻҵһ
Ҳǵһμʦ赸ŶӣѰԽĵƻУ
赸ݺΪĳڵĽƷ 
ƷûղǸŮԵ׸ܵĸףͬҲ
ǽƷеĸֳϷ齱ʱ
󽱾ֳĴС㡢С㣬ֻ˾ǣֻ߸ɴڳ
ŮˡΪ˴̼ʱ֪ͨǡʹСһȥ۹˾
ܲһΣһ뿪ĸһŮ̸ӣڣԪ֮£Ϊĳ
ĽƷ 
ŮΪƷû񽱵˴ؼһ죬˶
ܽƷ壬ֱŮΪƷЧڽݴ±
ˡҪƷ⼸ʳס뿪 
Ҫ˵Ůȫﻯˣû 
ʦ治ɣŴˣ 
ˣҲϵöˣ
ڿԵüˣ˵ʵҲһֱг嶯ۿһѧУ
ظġѰԡߣǺηʥˡ 
ʦῪЦҲ뿴ʦˣһ֪
ߣѧԺܻӭʦԭǸĴˡ 
ǧ򴩣ƨֻòЦݵʦȻ䣬Ц
ſԲԵǫ˼ҵ칫ϸ̸ЩϢ 
赸ѧԼ衣 
֮ԹάΪ˾ʦ֮䣬廹ҪʵԽӵ鲻٣
ǼǮû̸סʽԻ֮ǰ䣬͸ñ϶Խ
̸кôָԾʤԵҡ 
ϼ޻ְҵ˺̳֣Ҳö˵ϻֻ
Ҫ档 
ΪѰУڵ⣬ԷѧμӻֻԼ
壬Ҳ̫šѧԺ򲻸ҴģУǲҾ
Ҳ˽½ѧУʦӴ 
һл˳Ҳϼղŵ·Ĵָʦ
Ůѧò˫ȫͲ٣ǵ̶Цúܿġ
ѺõУ˫͹ͬĵ뽻ڹͬĿ
ҪʶΪ˫δķչָ˷ 
ʦҲˣͰǮɣΪѰԵδҲ
Ϊ˽ǵļһȥͬ¸ݸղŵһЭ飬Ͼͷ
㣬죬ʱˡһ޿ͷɥı飬
һ˵һҡͷ̾ 
̫ˣлѧУ赸ʱһμ
ͬѧԷһЦݣóܺãΪΪռ
ǵıˡ 
ʵղ̸õļ۸񲻵ҵ£ӦҵһЩ
ڣֱӾͿԻһЩ 
㲻߰ɣҽһѧ㡣ϲһ͵ģ
ͬѧΪ裬κŮҪãǿ貿β
ⶼ൱ʵɿ塣ٹĶ޲ڣ˵Ҫٴθл
۹⣬ͬѧȵȣһ 
ʦÿˡҼȴš 
Ҫģ͵ǵŮ 
ԷĴҴң˵ƿ˰칫ҵţɢ
ѧһ 
Ǽעһ⶯٣һ£ 
ǸٵŮһ㶣벻ʦȻֻ֣뿪Լ
˹Էļ򣬶Ц˵λǱУƻ
ѧԺѧ٣СѧͿʼϰ赸赸
Ǹһȥġ٣һ³ú㣬㲻
ó㽻𣿡 
漴ҺĿԣຬЦͷ⣬λͬѧһ
ԵñȽ崿ȫĹǼ൱ϸ˵޹ǣ
ȥԵЩ԰ףΪղһֱĹϵ۰׵ϴһŵĺΣ
΢΢һͷ㷢ҲԼʦһ̳ͷͷϡ
Ϳһ͸ɫ࣬ȥ 
ͬѧģҲʦԣް׸⣬ξ̷ͦ
޳ʵΪ˵ó㽻˫㣬ֻһ˫
Ь¶׹۲죬Բһеڻû
ֱȥҲǹ⻬ˬָС 
ȸлʦͬѧˣУл赸ʦ
ͬѧ˵ĲǻຮѵķϻѰ൱Ҫв
Ҷıʾл 
лѡ赸磬ʦԵ֮£Ǿ
Բʧˡʦİɣһú̺ġ 
Ҹ˲㣬Ҫ˵㣬ּα̲ӾرߵǸ
ϣ˫ǰϵˮױȡ 
ʦٽ˽ȥûҺ˭ 
벻ͬѧԭǸ鿪ڿˣǵߵͬѧһڨЦ 
ѽˣʲô˵ţԷ˵
ˡ߳ȥǸǰߣ̧֣ذϵ
ڵϣٰһһɫڿѵٶѧˣ
ʦһ裬൱͸ʵ顣 
ҽãҽӣңôˣ
һ㣬βŮͬѧɡ 
ֹڣʦ֫ءŮԲλ࡭
УһҿղHŮͬѧH𣿡 
ͰĹأ̲ס˾ı㣡 
̫ˣллʦѧHһʦ㹻ͬ鴵
һ¡ 
߿ʼ裬˰칫ҵţϴǳЦ˵ 
泳ҰŹˣǱðɡ 
ʦ˵ó㽻һûˣҪԼѵ𣿡 
þˣö 
һƤˣ 
Ҳҵ߶еЩΣЦһ£˵ſã
öһ 
ðɺðɣҾķԸãµıµΡ 
һſǰڰЬˣ۲һ£ǰ
߿ѩ޳ʮֺֻͷСɶ룬ֺҲǾ޼
һҵļ֪ͣôĸܡ 
˫ַ֧ţϰΪظ֮Ի
֮β뿪棬̧˫ȣ˫ֱ쵽ҵ֮䣬ʼýŵ
ſȥΪԣҲ
ѨؾϾԼ꣬߻Կһ˿˿ĻȪ
ʹû㹭Ĵ̼ҵҲѾʼˡ 
٣ŵװĸоЩˡ 
ллЩֻСŶҴС裬ŵױͱŮ 
˵ţٿʼҽŽĦͬʱȣȻſӣ
ʼһߣŵĿд 
šɿŲסˣ٣ҵĴڼͺ
ˡ 
ٱҵ˵Цˣ𶯣ѸƤ˵ҽſʼ̽
ĴֺƤһᣬƤ۾ѾɿȻֺֻƤһ
ͬʱһֺֻƤԸ˳ѳֻŵ
£Ƥܿ˳˳ֵһ 
ĽѽС⹦˶ã 
Ҳ̫ãʱÿϲϰ 
ǺĽѡ 
ĽʲôÿζִƤʮΣһġ 
ºúòǲˡ 
ֻЦû˵ʱҵƤˣпŦĴֺ
ὫŦѹͬʱһֻŵĽֺŦ۷죬Ŧ͸պôŦ۷
˳ 
ϣǲڻ£Ľֺʼ̽ҵ
ͬĴֺѹһȫ 
ٵĶͣſȣһŵؿѾ
΢΢ڵով࣬ȥʷ 
һ⣬վϾĽѹ
ţҲ޴ 
лл˫ŷֱ쵽ҿӵ࣬סҵе
ͦŵѹſͷ˻һ죬һһ¾
׵λã΢Цٶ½ţ˫뿪˿ܡ 
ǰҰڿҲ˰ɣӦûѶȰɡ 
Ȼûˣ⻹ϲķ羰ëͦ
ֱףͦرѽ 
ڿķ㲻һҽŰҵĿϣڿ
ҵһֻȺ쵽ڿߣĨһ㣬Ȼ
ŽֺһЩڿĲһϣҵĽڿ൱˳
СмλãһֱѹȵһӾأ˳
ͷǰҡš 
ϲĳ룡Цţܺòȥˡ
ھŴȣܰɡ 
ллŮҵĴĺܼʡ 
˵Ц˵ЦҵΰһҲ
ĽѾֽϻεؿڳ⻬㹭
ߣţߣ˼£ýֺĦһȦͷýűȥŪ
ңˬĸоҸеĹ񫡣 
ղŸſӸоϸֱӵ⣬ҲŸܵǷݵ 
ŵסֺֺĦȻﵫҲа͹С˫
൱ˣҲγĶߣҲ
һָ߹¶ˮ 
ϰȻûôͷȻϵĶţ
ǣҿͷԲͦӲֱ 
ͬѧҲˣСҲѾҵʵڲü
ȵԼˬһ˵ 
٣˫䡭о֪СΣ
Ҳֽɡ 
ף㶼ûҵĽţҵČˣ˶
ʱ൱壬ͬʱ˫̷أ
Ȱĥת꣬һҵ㽻ִ̼£лͷ
Һ 
龰ȻһЦ۵Ľºһ𣬰ҵţ
ʼٵߣǵ嶼Ӷڲϡ 
𶯣ˬȫ¶Ƽ⡣ 
٣ĽšˬȻÿ졭Ҫˡ
ĽѾϱߣ 
Ϊߣÿ죬кܿͻҿŲǰӰ
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ҽϰɣҾ͵ҵˡ 
ƽ⡣ 
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С١Ҫˡ 
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ȫ㹭㱳ֺϱߣһЩֱ絽Ĵȡ 
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ž֮ͷĲУ°˫պãƾ
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һô죬ȻʦˣҲֻóúˬһˡ 
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ҪܵģһΥĵҪ 
ôӴĲѽ 
ҽ˹˵ڰ칫ϣ÷˭֪һ
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ǲϧѽʱοһįôõСѨˣ 
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ˡ 
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Ϊţֻ趨ֻ壬İ
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ұǸٵļʾȵһ¡ 
绰һͨһûüڣһŮԵĳ 
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ϻǴС㣡 
С㣬α̣ʲôˣȱޣˣ 
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ӽǶӣҲûжѣƸĸִ󣬳ʲô
ҲҪ༸Ӧˡ 
ٿúܿ죬ʮ֮ھͳ嵽ҽԺҽ
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ܱģȴתڿƣ 
Ҳʵ޲L룬Ϊһſڣ˾ɵˣ
ſڣĸּҽõӦڵ˶ڣֻûƸ֪ǲ
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п࣬ⳡȻ֪ղŷʲô飬֮Ǻ£ּҸ
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пԼֻ֪װһ飬¶΢Ц˵ǵģ
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ˣα̵Ѻúõģ֪ô֡˵ʵһ
ûмСˣ˵ͦõģҳչ
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ϸʲôѽ˵⻰ʲôĿѽߵּαߣּλĸ
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С㣬ôˣ 
ּαһᣬ滨ıҲãһ˵Ҳ
֪ߵʱ򻹺úõġȻյλ绰˵Ȼ
ԣȻ󡭡ȫ˥ߣҽԺȡ˲Σ֪ͨ顭ղšʦɸ
ΪҽȡҲ֪ôܡ
ǧҪѽ 
С㣬ȱޣο϶ûµģ룬ôõҽԺҽ
ھ 
ȰţͷȴǺȻһƺһЩʲô
ʹС뿪ʱˡǡǵǡ 
ڴʱҵŴˣǼȥȶû
ͣ 
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ֲ֧סſڣߡȷá̱Ϊʡ 
ҡһȥ뽫𣬵ֻûѾʼ
ޣȻǽ˺ѷεĽ 
ҽҽƷ쵽ͷȻԼӶȲˣʲôƨ
ܡܡܰҵĶѽ 
29 
һ㣬վڵߣٴ
תŵݽߵľ濴ԼݣҪȥήҲ
ӰԼȻÿȻ˯߲㡣 
Ŵ򿪣պÿͬѸƷƳϱ
ݣ֪ЩǵƻҪõƷ͵ߣҪȥֳ
еʱ磳㡣 
Ҫȥֳˣ 
ãǵģղѾһȥˡ 
⼸ˣеæܶ鶼ڹ˾ߴ
Ҳɵúܳɫлңһǵļʾ
ֱ߽˾ 
ˣλڻҵˡ 
һСޱæǰ̨ĹλվҽĹƻ 
Ҳ£ллСޱǸ˼ˣ 
һģѾʮˡ˵Ҫ׼е
æһ¡зϢģʿɲȲɷһͬ£
һش˵ȵɡ 
Ҹղһֱڿû⡣Сޱúܺá 
ллСޱҵı˵ǣ
һٶİҶˣŶǰһҲ
ǰϵػε廬ӸҲ⼸ĵ׵˲١ 
Сޱôµװ淶㻹ϰ𣿡 
仰СޱȻһЦͦõѽҺϲ㷽㣬
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ס˵Ŀ⡣ 
¹淶ǰ̨װҪҲӣСޱϰഩ·
Է㹫˾ֱͬ̽ػ֮Уڵͬʱ˵˲
׼ϰ࣬ÿôװԼҪúÿǣȻɧ϶󷢽
ǣ˵Ըϰࡣ 
ֹ涨˾ֱֱӵĲ׼·ϰ˼ҵûй
ʲôǺɫϥȹɫ˿࣬ȹǲ
գһҪú̽һ¡ 
СޱҰݺɡ 
õĳ 
ʵ첢ʺϽܲɷãһǺԼʱ棬ԭ
򵥣ұû̸ʲôһ˵ѰԣҲѣ
ɷѲˣǾ˸зʱ䣬쵶ն 
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ܡʦð󼦰͡ɵҺˬˬܡ
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ʱԼϾŵ㣬ӴᴹĴ͸˽ڵذ
Ͷǳһİ߲Ӱм俿ǽλðһűȽϿĴ
֮Կ󣬲ϱߵ̰ͼΪ˸õĲ÷ߵҽ
ѧ 
ܡ˲١㿪ģ϶ġϲ
ˡҡҰ׻塭˱١šʵ
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ͨעڡй촽ҲѳһЩӣƤ
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Ҳߣǽһֱ㡣㿴øһЩ 
ڲһߵּλᰴ´ϵİŢ̌ܵߣΪ
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ʱ۾ͿԿڲǰߣԼŮּ
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ϱߡ΢΢ϸǰ鹹ɵĻԲ 
ȫۼϲϷĥĽϴ¶
һֱʵذϣÿһη³ߣš߲߲
꡹ö 
ʦ֣Ů˺ɧûչҽԺʵϰ
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֮Ҿ˵һ仰Ҵȥְߣ
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˳ 
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α߻ȱˣ 
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ߣΪæ飬һЩǷ
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֪ʱش⣬͸ı˲ɷַͣ׷ʣȺ
һ£Ѱͻƿڡ 
һЩͨͨƷ֣СޱҲһɣǿܺȡˣ
ߣйһ֮Եˡ 
ȻǵãӦڼǰȥɷܣڰ칫ߵȺʱ
һ棬ʱһͦƯŮһȥҲ֪
ŮᵽŮʱǲһ˿Ц
ǵʱĿʲô顣 
߹Ȼüԣһ֮ԵҲǵô죬ǴλŮʵϰ 
Ǹ׼ģ 
ԭƻȷʢҶŮ
ȴЩʡ˵ûм˵ȥǳһ
ʵҲԲµ˵Щʲô˼Ϊּα̾ͱ
ץ˽ȥ 
С㣬Ѿݺˡ 
Сޱֳİ¶΢ЦŲ̣
ϥŵŲתȫ½ᴹΪǷۺɫ
ǰǶ´Ųסػζŵ鷿Ҳ
ӳһۺ졣µ°ڱ˰ȹߣΪ
ѹסϸ۶ԿҸӺ 
ƷһСޱⲻհɣĽôݲ
ġ˵ݲþͳƨɡ֮С΢²̣
ʼָѺɫĲӲе豭һߵһЦ 
ģźãллС΢楹Сޱݹĵ
һ裬ڴਣȻû˵ʲôüͷһ¡ 
Сޱ˵ˣҿһΣ˵ҽӹڶ裬
Ʒһ£²豭˵ˣСޱȳȥɣһٽ
ʰţӦ˵ʰ㡣 
ߣСޱȳȥˡ˷ܵɫһţȻ
һЦŲת˳ȥ楿ʼ΢ЦͷӦȵС
ŹϣϾ͸оЩԾ 
ǻûпʼɷˣ 
ʲô⣿СʵϰȥۣҾֻԼ
Ҳֻίһˣ 
϶˵ſѾҽ⿪߿ͷȻܾ
ӣûʵϵĿܣ״ְҵҲԲ
һˣֽ⿪ŦۣǰĹִѾ¶˳¶ۺɫ
Χ˿ 
ɫǺܻջˡɷýľǴ
̹ԣ೨飡˵Բԣ 
˵ţָֻ˳ǻĹֿ϶˽ȥ̽
棬⣬ָպôͷͷıԵһ£
оǰһ飬ͷ˲ͦ 
ţͣһͣɣҪҾҲȥ
Ŀ۲ֵĲԸȻֵΣĶ
ȻûκεĿܡ 
С㣬ʵҲǼɫ෴ҺֲŮŮֻ
һ£Ůȴ¡һһ˵ţҸɴٿȥһЩֻ
ר־ؽװ׺ͳµŦۡ 
ԼҵĻЩ£۾ңʲôһһ
 
㲻ǿϵıʺͷČȥɷõһһѽ 
ҲҵЦ䣬˺޷Ӧһüͷʱ
ǰ·ҲѾղŵСޱһˣΧȫ¶˳ֻгµ°
Ȼڶխȹߡ 
ŶˣŮĻˣһŴ쳤ϣһŴ
֮һ˵ֲΧ鷿֮䣬Ūżͷ⡣
ֿʼ̽ǰĦ׼Ͻȹڡ 
ҲҵһٵЦŭҲҵĶȷʵλһ
ֱֺѸٰסҵ֣Ȼһվ
ϵĲȴ˲伴ţְҵ΢Ц˵ҽ
Ϊкܶߺ˽Ѱԣ˽˵һЩҵ˵
ûȷǿС²ɷãʱһءʽ
ҪǿּҶϤ 
˵ĵҶһֺ֮ʲôϵΪ
Ľɷã˵ʵµĻѰԣҳ֮
ǰľ 
Ѿʱ֤ȫ湫ͨ۵ϵ
ŪģдСѧѧľȫȫǼٵģȻΪ
۵ҵṩĸָû˽档 
ҲΪˣǰѧҵֻܺһ
Ĵ񣬿϶ 
Ҫ취ѲɷýԼϣ˼ڿѾ
СЧҲȥŭ 
С㣬ǱǸҸղͻˣʽʼɡ 
楿ȥƺһһͷǰ£ȣ
ûаҽ⿪Ŧ¿ϣȻֻһۺİΧ
¶ץ۵İ۰Ķǰϵػȥ 
СģѰԵı룵ɣ֪СǲѰԵ
ûûнӹˣûʼʣȨһ 
УҼȻҪɷãεȻҪ㣬ʱ䲻°ɡ
楿ҷʣԸв죬ǻشҵ⡣ 
ĻҲߵרҵ̬ȣ϶µнй㷺
ȡɡ 
˵㷺ȡĸֵʱһһչ
ҡۡЦ˳㷺ȡõúãΪµȺ
ѯʹøܣȷʵרŸײĵӹ־¥µı
ѧٵͨϰ壬·߿Сϰ塣 
ĻҺȤ֪СоȤһνӵʲô 
ţˣͼǰ־Ӱˣ˳ֽһ
Ǹ˾Ȼһ;ģͣĵطиǵķӶû
УҿʼΪҪڻʻߣŻûԹҲͦ˷ܡ
˫ֳųţڻԱ߰ҿ˾Ͳ٣¶¶صģҶ
Щˣףɫô 
ʻңԱߣڰȱʧļһˣҽԺģ
ԭǣɽݣЮּα̲ڳԱּˣ 
˵ʵּαʲôƷˣڻֻ̫֪
һַ 
ʲôˣּαϷģ֮
˾伣ֱּαһ뿪ҽԺʱٳ֡ 
ⲻɺϣҵһܵ飬Բô򵥣 
ʲôңҲŴ˼лع񣬸ն
˵ǸڶѧԺ赸һ绰ˣң
ͬһˡ 
һڹ˾Ҵ˵һ£췽ϵң˵
нˣǰѿܵĵϱԭһֳɷݲĻѧҩھ
ΪܾǱֻѧҩ 
Ȼˣƽİ취𣿡˵
߿Цóʶһ£ٳ 
˵ͻʱûн 
ǣС㣬𣿡 
绰Ǳ߳Ĭһ󣺡ǣܵ飬νͣ 
ּα̵̲ͣһܵȷ˴˼άǰ
ҡ˰֪ԭίҪѹҲ
ϣ 
ӦӦöԼղŵķˣԥ䣬ּα̵Ļԭ
û˵ꡣ 
ˣһм£һæ 
ţСԸ 
п𣿡 
˼һ£㣬ҽϻҪȥֳã
ȷǿԳʱ 
ԣС㣬ҪȥҽԺ𣿡 
ģҺܵʦһ֣ûзӦҽ˵
취вͨһԡ 
ҵġǡһ죬ѾµҪȥʲôˣȻ˵
С˼ 
ҺͼλˣҸڲǰһһΡ 
˱ϤãٹǣҲʶӡ
ЩҾλʼ̫⣬Ϊ˻ܣ
ҲӦˡϹһ°ɣ鷳ˣһ𣿡 
30 
һ㻹ڿʲôѽʮһˣôæ˯ɣ 
Ϲԡ߳һ÷Ͳͷٰ
㷢÷̺áȻһֻСèһ𱻽Ǿϴڱǰ䶯
һͷ̽ʹչҵֻĻ 
֣΢ЦŤͷһ£ΪѾְû
ٻױټϸϴ裬Сˮշɾ˫Цеؿ
ֻƺʲôȤĶ漴¶һЦ̣üǻż
͵ŮӦеƤ 
˵ʵᣬżλҪ㣬ֻ֮ǰΪڱ
ϰ࣬ٻ¶뿪ġ֮ǰһֱ
ܲˣְʱҲȷʵ˵û뵽һص
ǻһˣƺһӽ⿪ˣ˷ѡ 
ģǲҲӦˣǣĵһ
ġŮ˵Ȧסĸо㲻ãһжŵģ
ϰʱǿ飬ҲҪ¡յĿģҶ
κͱÿƳҡ 
ʹҲûĴ㣬Ҳȥһ
׵ˣ޹ʣҲһ˹¶ȥ
ҲΪռһϯ֮ء 
㻹ʲôѽ컹ûæѽ 
ȵȣڿǷҵֳãû⡣ 
ֳֻƬһŻȿһţҺһһ
Ϣ 
úܺãһЩϸҪע⣬ȰϢɣ
簴Ԥʱȥֳ粻ûع˾ˡ 
ʲôֱ˵ɣظôܵţ˯
áϢݵ죬ϱɺá 
Ϊ˾쵼Ҳֻ˵˵ҶúܺãҺ
⣬ôͬǾͻմմϲиҰһָ
Ƕ˴ˣ϶Թʡ˵Ҳ
˼һ¹Щ㣬һҸĻᡣһҹ˾Ϊ
ôף˺ˣҲ˵ˣ˯ɣڼϢҵĿһ
æˡ 
ҽһˣȻ˵ģҲҪס˵
첻æģˣ컹ҪȥҰ֣ҪҪȥҽ
λŮߣôˣ˼Σ 
һʣǰ϶Ը񣬵ҲֻпЦڱ
ֹȥ壬Ȼ˳ҵڿзޡŶŶ
װһܵı飬۾̧ͷµ
ҶЦˡ 
װʲôװҸŮ߼Σ繫˾ֻʣ¼λͬ£
Ҳ 
楺֮ǰӴŮ˶һ־ϯߣԼר
й̶ĶȺԼȦһλĻŮŮһͨ
ƲŮŮóװߣƲˣͨ۶һ¡ǰ
ĲŮΪвŻˡĲŮȻͨ
ѡԼˣʵҲܿÿһεԧ콻ˮ֮
Լһ𡣾ͬ楿ɷңȻЩȽϵ꣬
ҲƵҵĲŻҲϼغⲫڲɷ
ûڹ˾ļͬ½׼ʾͲһˣŮ
ûпܣԿó̫⡣ 
ȻԱ͸⼸λͬˣҲã˭
ţиССҪ󣬹˾λͬҽŵʱÿ˶Ҫ
شһ⣬Ҳмֵ˵ţ¼ʴ򿪣
ϣȻѵվһֱû³£Ȼ
ɫͲȹϵ 
Աûй˾ŮͬеԻȨͬϰ
ʱHΥ涨ֻЩСͬǶԴŮԵĹַ
Ｑ̶ȡ˭Ĳɷã˭鿴·
һϣֱذһߡûϵԼѸ·Ļᶼû
ˣЩֵؿϵȺңҺޱʾ 
ߣ˵һֱпרĺвŻΪҶ
֧֣ҽͺ̺һ۵СѨɣ 
ѽÿοڽĿ٩٩̸ĽЩĲ
üαˣ 
һƬЦ͡꡹˺·Уͨѩ׵ᱻֱ
ڵذϡȷͨѩףΪСȻһëûУ
֮ǰһΪûŮ˴ˡ 
лǡ֧֡ꡭپء
ꡭ𣿡 
Ȼ֪ԼѾƶ߻뱣һ
ֺϡʵҸղҲзԸͬ£ĻƢ
ֵò⣬ǿܣֻͣһ£⡣ڿһ
жȽ˳ķӦûǿңͬµԾ
ͷˡ 
ǰǼͷȻҲᣬһ˫ͦȷֱ̧
ѩ׻ԲƨҲ뿪˵棬ֻͷ绹һЩճڵذϱߡ
ŮΪķͦԲѩγе
ߣȻܿ˶ֻ߰һ
Ϻץ 
⼸ɫԵ˷뼱ɫԭģΪȥֳõͬ
οͣڹ˾صĶЩɥҲСޱ浱
Сޱɫ˾ĸûϹôȵŮߵ壿 
Ǳߵ㻤Ѿˣʮλ̸ӣ 
ȥֳͬ·һϢҲݸһЦԺи
λЦϻǳǳѵĸŮҵû֮֮仹Եݣ
ǻظ 
Щ㻤ŵģ̸ӣйһ֮ԵӦû֪
乫˾ͬ˵һ㻤ŮͬµҪǲһ
Сľû⡣סһ˳ٺúοһ
ϻȥˡ 
ɲǡô 
Ȼ極Ľֻ÷ֻԭڵܲסͬµ
ַ붯һ壬˫Ѿס˫ֱ
ŮԳ֮һ±ߵČ¡˺¶˵
Ұ֮Сһλͬ»ָ൱³ذǿڣϵָŪ
ߵķۺߴ 
ôС㣿ҿһǸʵѾʼ糱Ѩڣ΢Ц
ȣϾʵ 
Բ𡭡ǶЩ󡭡Ūȡ
°ɡ 
С㣬ܱǸղҲ˵Խһλشһ⣬Ҳû
˵ڵͬˬ֣úûش⡣ 
Ժ֮евϵݣҲ
ͽ͵Ťתͷ촽׼Ѿˣһλͬ¼Ҵҵ
ԼĿˣ͵Ĺͷ׼˲Ůš 
ߣΪˣҴӦ㡭һңʲô˵ 
⻰һ˵ڣΧͬһЦô׾ͱо
ϣ 
ɶǴβǰСʱϵġһաҷŮ
żˡˬˡ 
ֲҪһϣ 
Ȼȥĸоͦϰġ֪ûлᡭ
 
ϰˣûɣ죬ϣ 
𳳡רĵ㡭С¡ϸƷҲкܶȤ
 
ҽУϰȷʵС죬޷ϧ
ȥˡ 
ʲôȥˣ 
ǵģhBĺСһЩ
Ը͡ 
ۡͬ¶ҪʧˣǿûǮͷȲջƱѽ 
ͬǻ˵˼軰Ȼ䣬һֱ˫˵楺Ȼ
 
ô֡ͣͣ 
ۺŵλͬ£޷ٵϰʧһӰԹ
йµŮϡֻһߵߣǵߣ
ҲԹˡ 
ǣһǸ𣿡 
ҵʵ 
ȻУҲƲˣֲŮˣȻֻ
ͬ϶Լ϶ˣʱ֪дЩʲô
һһЩҲǰοһּͬ
顣Чеģ뿪ʱЦݣӦǰȰ·ҹ
Ŀּļߣ·˾ǷˣԸ㿴һ
ˡ 
ͷϺȻ¶Цݣ˫۾Ȼµµ
´תҰһʱϰ˹°סҼ
Ҷ˵ 
Ҫһλڼһ췿ӵļįŮ𣿡 
쵽׷ʲô£֮ܳѽ 
Ҳûɶ㵱ÿϣ𣿡ͷ
¶˽Ц⣬ҡ 
СУҪѵѵ㣡Ϊǲ
Ұ̽֫ϵĴǶ¡Σһ˷
ӿǰ飬Ҳһһ鲨 
һҰɣݺݵشҡˬˬ˵ɴ
ſѹϣҵҼұŶǱĻ崥С 
ߣЬ׳ƨɣСӣ 
ЦŴյҶߣ˵֡ң 
һ£һЦһ߷ѹȥܿ챻ͬɽһ
 
ҹ˾ߣϻǳǳЦ⣬ȶ೤˯
óҴʱȴЩ˯šԼţټæһѾ
ſȥѪȫӿϴԣҿʼϸϸ˼õһЩ 
Һּα̵ĶԻʵкһ֡ 
ˣС㣬ҽҽԺˡ 
Ŷ֪Ǻͽܵҽʦһ
ҪɲԽܽӻȥչˡ 
⡭̫˵ɣң˼𣿡 
Ұֵ˼˵ʦʦʹˣλ˼չܲ㡣
ҰֿԹӶרŵĻʿרְչܣصҽԺҲլߣ
ڹ˾ǲȱЩŲĵطȱǮ 
֮Ѿоףʱûϸ룬ֻ뵽Ȼ
㣬Ҫʵʵ⻹ܶ࣬Ȼܵĸĸˣ
ҲӦ 
ȻҪʦʦϾҲܲãҲòʲ
ô⡣ 
ܵĸĸ´СҲӦɣ 
ҵȻϣ԰̼Ч治УҲò
ԣ֮ˣһ 
֮ͨΪ楻ڵŽܲɷã֮һֱæµ
ûʱϸܵ飬ֱҾڴϣԽ˼£亹
ԽǴ 
״̬ʵֱΪһֱάȥ
ԸĺƷúṩƳأôСֻʣһ
·ˡ 
֮ǰּαԼҽ̣Ůһ¾һ
Ŀˣ 
Ϯܵˣָʹɺϣ»ǺпܣȻ
ܸûѹһεĻᡣʲôҩƣֺãв
ֳҲãһҲѡ 
ôӦôЩ⣬֤ݣóóȻ˵
ϡ⣬˵ص㣬ڸ˵ǰ;˾ǰ;Լ
ݣѱȫ˼ϣҸá 
Լ˽˻һʿѰû˽Ǯ
ù¶ڼһĵطһСλͶҲã
СҲáȻ㲻ˣһΡ 
ǳ˫ԼھͿ֪ˣɵӲŻ
ᡣ 
ֻ벻ڶһ磬ҽԺ벡ԶȴһסԺ
вŵ˼Ҳȫߡ 
˹ݵԴ֮Ѿܾûˡ 
ΪҽԺԵʣͣ罭ǳ޾紺պ㣬
ظȻ˻ǵ 
ҵһһĲֻҡҡͷһ񣬿Цǰڿ
ߡ 
ȻΪһתŲķ㣬ǰһ棬ҽӦ
ǸܣӲ˳ּα̾ͬһڳõ
ʱһһŰϣǰĹݣȫʾ£ѩ
ʡ˫壬ϸ֫ͦʵβһȾס 
ûȥϸұߣǿòӣó
Ѿһʱ䣬ü΢΢𣬳ëºڰ׷Ϊ
뿪գհͦıߵջźΣӯ촽
һǳЦ˿Ӷ쵽Ƭ֮Сһ˫ź۴ָ
ָףڹݵᲦ 
޴ɺɢ顣 
ˣ 
ǶС㣬СϺã 
Ҵӳմ״лعŤͷһָоһ㵣Ϊּλ
ȻǴ߹ϾȻֻһV ĵص˯ȹذ¶
˯ȹٽϸ̵֫ͦβչһĿߡȹ
°൱ظĴϱߣһ˫ɫϡ
һ۶϶˯ȹΨһ· 
ӣһ˯ָ߲ո𴲵Ǹݡ 
С㣬㡭һ϶ 
ּλͷŽһϣȥһߣ
ϴŹݹġͽԵݣǴӹݿʼġ 
Сĸá 
ǵģʱ򣬶˽Ǹһֱҡ 
ҡϸϸ׽˵Ȼ䣬Щˡ
ܿܿ߹ңСĳҹҪҽԺ 
ֻŽѹȻϣϣ 
ãּ֣λʼû˵ڡ 
ΪʲôΪʲôҪ򺦳ӡûǷʲô 
ּλ˵仰ʱݽҧһߺϮü֮䡣ҿʼΪ
ָǸֵ֣㲻̫ԾӦ˵ҽûǷ
ʲôֱּλ˵һ䣺 
ǾͲܰ𣿡 
ᣬԲǹ˵ģֻһʱи֮£˵
ڶһ䣬ȴĵ׾ 
һعŷּλĿԣҵ¶
ĵһ׹ҸղԼ飬ּλ
Ѿϱ߲µĵʲôĿ֮УҲ¶ȶ
µɫ 
С¶ģ²ģȫһ¡ 
æͷ¶һЦݣȰοһȻ˵
С㣬ģҲκ˵ġ 
ּλɫתȴޱصͷ˵Ƚȥɡ 
ò̫ңͿ⣬ǽ㡭ǵ 
ˣһ֪ʱ䣬һ£Һ˵仰
ǽȻֹּαվƾӳĳӳ
Ľϣæش 
С㣬һҲæҵ㡣 
ּαףȰѹպãȻߵߣڴϣ
Կݵ֣Լػϣ˵ܣȻ˵У
ҽ컹Ҫһԣһ𣬻һҲˣӦøио
ξڸڼܣǶ㣡ҪŬѹ 
˵գּαַֻٰԼϣĦ£ǳ
˫ 
ʮ룬ַܵСĵñǺáվ
˵ѾõǾ仰λҵĺãлˣһ
ʼɡ 
ӺҰԼѸ⣬ͷѾضȥ״̬
á˵ʵȻõҶΣµվһ
ǵһΣѪڡ 
С㣬С㣬ɣϣЧѹĵ׵˷ܣ
ַֻõҵĻУ֮ϡ
޴ƣ򻹴˯ȹּα̵һԳȻؽһ
֧ڵ֧ϰһ˵ͦΣ毺ǰ
ȲһߵãħצһӾڽӯͦİϣ
ŮͷѾӲͦΧһȦâΪ
һƬ˵ɺ졣 
С㣬Ҳ𣿡Ĵָʳָ
ɰͷ˵ 
ȻϲϲӡԽץԽʹ
Խˡּα۽ëк³һһ֡ 
𣿡ͷȥʼÿڴ˱ͷ⣬ͬ
ʱͷҲʼ˳涯ͷϴת 
СظȻܿأһԴش̼
̲סʼŵ˫ҲʼĥҺ
ȻҺһǰϸ壬Ȼо
ѾŭĿľһ˫סһӴҸо
Ҳһļ¶Ӳֹ̣λŮһ
˲Ρ 
šϲĴͱ㣬ǰͱ㣬Ǹ
̼ˣ 
˵ĵ׻ԭߡǰĿ˼Ӳ
Ȼ򡹡Ŀˣִ̼Ǹ˶ܲס 
ǡҪͱңּα̵ֻֿʼĽŪ
ұ۾ŴϴĿСּҴС㻹ʱʱͷͷ
ۡ˫֬һͨ죬һӿЦЦ̴
뿪ţ̾ͬдһ֣һҪҪɣ 
΢΢һЦ˵С㣬Ҫǲ˶СѽŤ
ͷһֱԱߣĿûдƿּλ˹ 
С㣬ɣһ˵һὫ˯ȹ
£Խأ˯ȹ䣬̶ᣬȻΪּα
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ֵܲ 
ԣһˬһ£ 
˷С죡 
Ҫּˡѽ±ôŮ˾͵ҡᣬ
ǡС㳤úÿУһȥҪӵǮ˻
ԡšҲͦġɡҸղҲһֱˡ
ᡭһ㡭һһλҪ˵ˡ 
뵽㣬ΨоͲԺлһ˿Щѵؼ
˵ţ 
ٵҡǳҡв٣вٸ
иҵŮҰѻ˵ꡭûУ
ߵƯԱû롭ûŮʦûаĵĻ
ʿѰԡߵĹܺ͡ȫµĺ顭Ϳ㣡
 
˵ĳ֮£ڼѵذѻ˵꣬죬Ѿ
һŮˣһйѣΪһ˵ңʱʧ 
̨ñȥǴȥҪźߵݣ˶Խ
 
ǵĳϵ˶ѾλˣϿʼ 
ܿ죬̨̨ϵ˶ȥȴûд˾
ֵĺϷֻһԲϷֿӤԱһ̺
طⲫ˳һάԱߡ 
ͷϷˣֳҲһ 
λѣǿɰ˾ѾΪ޲Lˣ˾ʱ
ҿʹһ£ҪĽнλֵܣһ˶лᣬҲ
ֹһ뿴ġѰԡȫ龰չʾ͵͵ߴ
ңЩŮԣԱĸҵҵŶһǾͻ
Աξߢˣˣϻ˵ˣ͡Ѱԡĵһ
չʾɡ 
һƬк֮У̨ų̛˵һĵƣ
漴һЦΪһʱгƷŮ
йԱ֮һڰһ˿Ͱҵ񡣴ʱߵĻԱ
ϣ䡢ƺ͵ַйţʾ
йԱ 
õģҵˣһԱվ˻
ǰĹ˿ͣ˿պöվЩε뿪˵ 
ܶȥаҵ񣬶Թ̨òĹԱģ㹺
еƲƷо޶û׽ԱѰԡ
ڵкֻҪеһҷаκһҵ
ڡѰԡڿͨ÷ְԱ㻤ҵ񣡡 
뿪ˣʱ൱ϲֻĻʵʱֻ
ġѰԡ档ܿѡУϰĹԱУܿҵ˸
Ϊһλ 
ѡ˽еڶ֧леĹԱ̷̷Ϊṩ
㻤֧ԪѰԡṩɵֿۣԪ 
̷̨Ͼյְ֪ͨ¡ӵ̨߳
˽̸˼䣬ԱͰְԱƷС¼ϥȹӡ
б־İΧڿʾҲ˵ϻһŮ
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ܹѾУϵĹԱ롺Ѱԡĺѡڣ
ʱõǵλãʱԼ㻤Ҫáˡܣ
ҪɨǵĶά룬ֻҪֻСѰԡͿҵǣԼ
ʱص㻤Աǽ½£ҪעŶĿǰֻ
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˵˵꣬ڶй˿ͳ֣ѰͷʾǸ߼Աֻ
롸Ѱԡ֮еĹԱȻˣΪʾѡȻ
ǻڹ̨ߵԱ 
λŮԱŵر˺ݺݵزţΪùڿø
ͬһĻϿʼֱͬʱҲ
ŮԱߣϱߺȻҲά롣 
ʱѾйΣϲǸ˻ȥ
ԱߵĹԱֵôһֱվԱߵıָָά룬ʾɨ
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Ⱥһ󻶺Ƶ˼ԣһֻҪɨ룬Ǯ
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淨ͦ˼ѽѰԡĿǰҲֻйԱԵǼˡ
һϣһϱߵӣңһѯš 
һ˼ģҸȥйͨ˵Ҳԣ
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кҪͻˡ 
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ѧǰߵĽһ̬޳̵ͦŮʦ
ɫȹβŸ۾ɷнµضǿдϿΡ 
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ʦȻǲϰһ仨ѽ 
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ֲ֣ζʮֲܣڣѰԡͬʦ
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ǸʦǻˣȻǵʦģִų
ŮеһӰ˵θڶ 
ˣͬѧǣϴοԵĳɼѾ֪ˣλͬѧٽŶ 
ʱһѧվĻϳֻݡ 
εĳɼڡʦ벹ʦˣ
˭룬ѧУٿʦסʦѽ 
λŮʦ̧ͷӯӯЦʣͬѧҸʲô 
ʦҿԲˣѧеЩ˻ߣȻ̨
µĴЦ 
ʦ͵ͷֻҲˣĻлֻ棬ǴӡѰԡ
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ʦͬѧɼ꣬ѧֻѾѾ
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ҪǵñڵѧϰͷŶԸĻʦｫԼɣ 
ʦ΢ЦҪѧַ׼ͬѧĥȭҪȥһ
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۾ȻҪװЩľګϰ˹ͨɼֺõѧ 
ʦҲˣ˵̨һ
Ц 
ףͬѧҲڡʦģҵġѰԡҲյ
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ȵ˵˵꣬ҡҡͷ˵϶ᴵȫʦ
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ҵгŶӶҪչһ㲻Ѿɫһͦ
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ǿ飿ѹϰࣿǹ˾Ҳͦ˼ѽգ 
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λŮʦѩ׵ĽͲҽУҵĳҲϡ 
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á 
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˾Ըܣ񺽿պľ޺աҲ˵ 
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ҲЩ߸˴ͳҵĳЩҽԺ̫⡣ 
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ģԱһչˣ˵ĶԻ˹ 
չҲˣȥϰɣˡ 
үүõңҪȥϰˣѾչˣϾ
 
ŶʲôˣֻǮ뱣ķ𣿡 
ͨıķôģЩרְĻʿչ㣬ңүү
㲻˵ҪҲһ 
ʱһϲؿţŽ׵ĻʿۣŻ
ߣ˾һ˵ãУʵϰ
١ҶӦԼǰչ˲ˡ 
ܡøպãүүڴϣչҩ
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˵ţھֻʣλʿ봲ϵġ˼ҡ˵ 
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ܶڼɲ㣬ڡѰԡһУһƳʵϰʿ
񣬲˻ͨѰԡڣΪԼеĲѡʺϵĻʿ
ŽзļиȫķŶ 
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һϹͷ֪ɲӦ 
ڡѰԡ߼ֵԱһһŻݣһ
 
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үүͿ˫ɣղǸӡ񲻺ܳԿòס
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ֻһʾѣͬǼƽϲôˣˡ
ǸֳڵĸˣȤٿ𣿻ߣСûȤ
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һ˵ʲôõɴ۾һڡ 
ּαϲɡǰ߿϶źܳһˡ
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νĸǳֳȺղŵλŮ
ϣÿǰ߶һά룬ĳŮȤɨͿ
СѨȻˣȺſŮֻ߸ 
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ġĵŮԱղŲϷŮѡһЩ·
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ЦŮ˵ͦӭдֳ֮
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壬һ˴ѵӱ϶Ĵਵǿˮٱ˫ץ
״ԣԴֵʹʣµȴֵĺºֵ
Ը 
Ϊʲô취Сչҵ˽ˣ˽ͬ
ǿתõ𣿡 
֪ģͷԺ𣬶ԽŬѹ֣ȴԽԽ 
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ƬҲף塣ʱţŶߵ
ŮʵϰŮർŮױʦŮͬ¾Īˣ˸Сʱ
ػ˵õ˳°ˣ֮ŷŻʱֻͣ
㡣ȥŮͬ˵пܻᱻǿ飬ǹҹļޣ
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˵ױʦܻӭɣ㡭ڳﻹһЩ
Ҳߣũùô࣬Ǵ䷶ΧŮˣţ
ȸղźöˡǾͿ档Щ羰ʤأ˵ֻд
ŮˡֻߴٹŮ˲ſԽȥСĸ
˲ٹ𣿡 
䣬ǶЦʵҲѹ֮˵
ḡΪֿ֮䣬һһ˿ҵŮ
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Ůʱٹĸƽʱûпڽѵ
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ھһֻСèһԹԵһУֱߵģȴ 
ãǰΨŮˣΪǵݲһ
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ЩҾԲ١ڶΣȴ˫۶ 
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ԭׯĵŮ켸޷ƾƾԼ
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ɵվľˡ濴òƼһŮ
ô͸ոλǧޥ߰˷񣬾ǿȥԴһЩ 
Գȥӭӣǡ 
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ּҶСλʵѾʧһʱա 
Ůߣּ˵϶ʲôʵ飬ԻĪ
ԭǾڲᡣҲˣԼαҲûڽ
ܽӻ󲻾ãһŮìڱһ峳ʲô
̲ûϸ˵ҿԲ¸߰˷ּ֣λºݻⱲӶ
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ΣȻǿ϶ҲҪȥţҲóԣ
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˿˵⣬ſڵľһҡͷ̾Ϣּα˾Ȼ
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ޱޣнˣסʲôʱ򶼻Ụ㡣 
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ԡң˻ˮֻĬĬ 
 
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Լ㣬ҰѳǼ俧Ⱥ決ǰߣСǡ
ʵȡеһ֣ҷҲ˳ڡһ¥ǿ¥
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ΪӪҵʱ11㣬ҹŮͬʱᱻܱߵַ
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˽ս棬ͷȲջƱó;ѡһݰе
ս㻤˿ս㣬ٺչ˾ƳŮ˿͵ĵͼŻݣ˹
ŮԳ˿Ϳúܵ͵ļǮƱڻϾͳΪͷȲ
ѡĶһѡоͻȥ߰壬Ҳ˹һͷ
Ȳա 
صֳĸʣŮ֮ʺhB˳
ܵ 
޺˳͸¶ϢȼּαеϣԸղŹ
ʱּαһ·϶ֻͼչܵҽͨһֱֳִ
Ҫ³˲ŴҴߡ 
ллhBܵȽȶתܿͿԸ
ֶҩĳɷݣھϣܿ۾ҵ
һ 
һģαİɣ㸶ô࣬ҽԲ
϶ҲģټӰѾܿͿѹ 
Ůְοʥ俴һۣߵĺ⣬
ĵһƬѩ 
λĵúøѽˣӦð±ӭӡ 
׿ѫˣǸǸǸպ±߶
˼䡣 
ȻֵǽϵǺ׿ѫһͦװҺ֮
ǰӴò࣬˵ԱȽԡ 
׿ѫΡŮʲô淨ҫʲôǶ
ڴˡʥȻǵһӭȥλ֮һӵ 
ʥ㲻üһȥȻ֪ˣұ֤ܺ棬˼ 
ǾĿԴˣлһȥ档 
ҪȥĻǵҪŮ飬ĿҪ˲ź棬
֤һ̼ó̡ӭݹ٣˵ʵ
ܹһЩϲˣ 
׿ѫӭǵûӵֻһ֣䡣 
ﻰҪαһԼҲȤŮ
Ŀƽ飬Ѱһ½ĺռ䣬ŮҲߴ졣 
ʥͼα̵Ѿҵѣһƺ־ˣ
ܡܡȥġŮһһĻ䡣ǰhBҲ
ߴ죬Ůٶнȥľǿ
Լּĳٳ֣±ߵС϶ɧˮ಻סҪ
Ҹ˾͵ˣţɧˮĺּܻҴССѨ
ʹӣ̹ף˾㣡һȺ
ڣ 
Ϊ׿ѫֻǰһֻһ¼α̵ķ飬Ǿ̫
СˡСĨغȹסߺȻһΪ
ûΧ޴йԲ̴ͦһӱ¶ǰ
ļƷ̺ͺٵͷ·Ȳ»ε 
ҿһȻλӵıʵѾ⣬ϲ
ŮȻϲ˵ʲôĵȴ߻ᷴС׼˶ǰ
޷ǳڸֶԼŪ 
ף׿ѫᣬÿζȻּαһǣͷһ
ۻڲϲŵӡ 
ݵ׿ѫ˫ָӷ̵ס
ֲǵһΣ˿ʲôǣֱӾ˫֣˫һ
ץڴС˫֮ϣ൱ŵȴ꣬⣬
̺ͦͷץȫΣħƺָ任״ 
ҲҡҡͷǹڳΧҲʼһЩ·
˵ΧۣȻ˴Сһ󽿺 
ף׿ѫ֣վվˣȷʵ˫ֵȴּα
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˵Ȼһϲı飬ż൱
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α̣ԽԽ̣ǲѾˮӯӯˣǲҪж
ȥ 
š˼ţзӦҲѽ׿ѫҪң
Ұɣ˶࣡ϲ 
ɧϲ˶࣬ϲΧ۵˶࣬ϲ˶ࣿ 
Իǰ;Լۿģ
СǰȽἰ˵ĸ԰ֵĸǾڲᣬ
֪Եɣʵ̫ϲֻԼ⣬ת
ĨҶ٣׿ѫҲǼ졣 
Ҳ㣿ҪȿɧˮǲѾˣ˵䣬
׿ѫִǶԷƿȴּ֣αϵȹѾ
͵λãȴµһּαֹ⡸һ
Уʵ൱˳ĳȹ׾ͱ䵽˫ϣ̳һţ⻹
꣬ǿǿΰϵڿҲŤŤ 
ѽڿȻѾʪˣҪͺþûСϺã
׿ѫһ߻ЦһڿһŪߵͦҲ֮һ
ŵʱ»ȥڿ㣬Ҳͳȹһڽϡ 
СĿ֮б˸ɾ˶Ȼǳ
磬޺˱ԼŪûǶ
顣˵ڵϼŸ֮ȥɨֿ϶Ѿʣ
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ף׿ѫʪˡѽ̫ˣкܶ˫ڿˣ
ڳ˶ˮ⣬ߴ֮Ҳʼĥĥȥ 
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̬ȷʵҪһ󼦰ͺݲ١ 
ܲˣʴǵ˰棬ôô
ͷŹ㣿᳡ڻǲͻ԰־ۻᣬҪȥڣ
ɣһȥ 
û·˵ּ֪飬㲻ɡ
һʥhBһȥɡ 
СһֱվһߵңղĿź׿ѫΪȻѾϰ
ߣﻹЩơڿּα̧㣬ԲɵĽ
ŵ߿Ťõѩ㱳¡Σź׿
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ʥ˵ͣҲ֪Ҫʲôֻܿȴġ 
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⻰һ˾ģʲôģָʲô취
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ɢͻƣ͵ѬзԾλ书ܡ 
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СĿȴСһսһһŮסһ
սסȺ󡸵ء 
ƶзףֵ޼10% Ůɲ룡 
ƶһϣʼ˶ǸŮסּ飬ĽɫԱ
ֻſСǰߣǼ͵ֲ壬ݹҲͦ
 
ǿŮ׿ʼ˷5 㣬飬߿
15㡣 
Ȼ5 ˵ķֹҲôȷܶʱҪŶӺɣ
޶ÿŮΪŮֻ߿ŮУ߶
ˣǾûʲôˡ 
νҿһ˽ȥŮˣ 
֪Ǹ˵仰ֳһЦ˳˵ 
Ŀ˼˵˵ͶʴԼǶ٣һأǮٰɡ 
һȷʵѲƣ˳رķãгزáȫ
ߣȫ׵ӼϵͳģɫԱķõȵȡ
ֻһ⵱ȻǲģѾˣͿڳû
ȤͬͶʣһϸļƻṩλҼƻ޽8 10أ
ÿһķ񶼻𣬳Զ˵԰רŵְҵ 
оôʵĿ֮ǰҹҰ֣ϾŮ
ɽߣҰֺ̫ãŸƽᡣ̨ϵĺ׿
ѫ٩٩̸Сҵ 
αֱ̣˵ɣزͶȼĿͶ൱ɹ
Ǵͳˣ۹ⲻ̫ãѰԡˣҸ
׿ѫĿǰӦòͦ˼ϧѰԡѪܸո
ûôԣʽ𣬷ҲͶȥ 
ĿǰɣУһȥٺҰһ£ƽʲôʱ
һҪȥˡ 
ô׿Իȥڻᵽϵ
뵣⸱Ƥңһ᲻֪ᱻٳʲôˡ 
ڳ˶ĿһЩʣ׿ѫҲһһش𣬻شúܾ
壬Ҳ⡣׿ѫ⣬ᰲڳļαһΡҫ
Լ룬Ŀǰ϶иĸܡ 
Һͼα̶û뵽ǣƽỹһĿһ°ѰС
ڵзͷˡ 
ǽϵƽᣬҪѾˣ͵ȸλݰ١ֻ
һһЩĻҲ֪ȥԱƽʱ
߶ҪעչȺ壡ҲҲһͳ
ʽ֣ôһֱûŮѣǲҺ׿ѫ
Ͼ͹˼ҵŮѣԼŮѹȻǣ
ľŮڵǸֶӣƻע⣬
һľϲŶλŮ 
һͻνĲǾƷŮ
һ߼ȨŮΪƷ˲ࡣʵҪ
ЩŮ˵ķкֵܶ࣬һʽԾߵİġ 
׿ѫŮ÷һѧʦּα̵мԨԴ÷
ѧãʦܵĸͬʦã÷֮ǰ
Ҳһֱּαʦ㡣ֻûлٹôĲ漸
ˣ 
̨֮һ˿֮ȻֶѾĻʼ࣬Ļ
𣬵ڿǰĸ˵ʱص˾Ȼò
ʼУȸղּα̰ٵʱҪǿң 
ֶĸ˷ֱá١͵ӣΪӳ÷
ǰߣΪһҪֶ˶һ˿
ࡣ÷Ϊ֮͸ʣһŵϣ÷
ڴϱߣͷָŪңֻõȴǸ
סˡ 
ٺͶҲ˰ו¶ǣ䶯ģȴվ
ᴵŵӵλϴһѩ׵Ĺװȹصȹһ
ֱϣͷҲ̷ڶбб̳һС٣ٲһ
Ե൱ҡۡ 
֮ԻԴ·ԭҺԴŮıһ
ǴŮⲻ壡ƴſԡ֮
ŮǴŮȻֶԱһǾֻܱҪ
ģԼĴ֮ 
                            δ

                          ʮţ 
㣬̨ѾãȽ㼷Ҳò࣬Ȼȥˣ 
ԬС࣬һ˹Ҳףпٹټˣ 
ټ·Сһ㡣 
ڿȵĹ̨ɨһۣѾûй˿ˣһλ
ӦҲѵΧȹ·ԼѽˡʱѾൽ賿һ
㣬ǡȻûҲҪ׼ˣһʳƷԭû׼
á 
һ¥һ䣬һλЩӯٸһűȽ
ϣһ˶鷿ϣһ綯ŵĽ
ܲһŲƿڡදϺɫͷȡҺ壬
ٻͨ벣ƿڣʱѾдƿɫˡ 
Ƚ㣬˰ɣҸղſ鷿ѽ϶̺ܣ
Ѿˡ 
߹ƿϻǸϰı׼Цݡ 
ѽԬС㣬߸оɲˣҿУ
˲١ 
ţǺܸлȽôҰȡɣҪҪ
ȥϴ裿 
ۿȻǺ決̶ҪԭϣȻ󲿷ʱ
ţ̻ܻ֮࣬ӭĻ̣˻ݹ˵ĿƷ֣
صȡ 
̵ԴϾޣֻܴӲˮٸչã
ÿ趼ԸԼ̵ġùϵҵ˼
Ƚһ 
ˣҪȥˣҲ°࣬ϾѾˡȽ㿴
ȥӣȻװ÷ļԼҲ˳һרŵʪ
ֽԼʪddͷЦϹ˵ϲᵽϵζ
ˣˣ˵ǸҲһôû 
ʱ£ϹҪȥͻ
ȫĳͻĶˡ 
ȽղһЦղż̵ʱǸģŮͷα
˲궺ŪŮ˶ӲԸղһֱ飬ҲǴ
˫֮Ҳϸϸ߳Һ壬ڿʪһƬ 
ϧûˣҪһʱȽ㿴
һǮ߹϶Լ׬Ǯˡ 
ȽһǽϵǮ 
ˣһŲ𣿡Ƚ˵һֽӹǮһһߵ
·һۿǼ۽ŵĹĹظЦ 
ҿĵҲֻڻûӣ㲻и
ӣ̾Ϳ㹻Բˡ 
͵Ůе飬ΨһЦҿȽ㴩·
͸뿪Ҳûٶʲôڵھֻһˡ 
賿ʱֵشл̴ֵ֣ȣвҹ
СưɿҵʱѾǵԳֻҪǵڽϵŮˣ
ԼԸԸ⣬ΪǵЩڵڹŵŮˡ 
û˳ǿңǣõʱŶ
̽ͷȥߣȻżŮ˵Ľ˵Ŀ
Ц쿧ȵȴʱ˺ˡ 
һ׾ղȽ˵ĻԾشֻͨѶ
ɨһۣ漴ʧֻ 
ˣ˵ϻ˯һˣӰӶûУ
ȥֲأ֪ǸСڸʲôˣҲ̫ܲ࣬ȥ
ϴ裡۽¥ˣȥúһ̡
Ǯļ꣬һֳȥ·Ļ˼۸һΣ
Ǽ翴ҵʱ͵Цڻôң
һúʰ㡭 
˵źݻ˵Ǿ䡸úʰ㡹ʱü
αǻᡸߡһ漴̾˿֮ҡҡͷ 
Ԭ˵ǴĳӲʱ
۳Ǹӣٽһ˹ͷˣĶˣ
в׵֪ʲôطȥˣˣˣʮӵ·̣ʰþ
ȥɣ 
һ˼֮Ҳʰִͣվǡߣ
綯բ콵£ת뿪Ȼ֮䣬о˫۱һĿǿ
ţæŤתͷֱ۵ס۾ڴʱһͿͻ֨һ
һɲͣ 
ôǡշӦתܿϧѾûл
ˣͻѸٴ򿪣ˣһһѱ
һߵǰЦѸ̧˫ȣһֱ۶ýһ
ĻᶼûѸٵ°ϳȻһأͻ
ȥ
                 ------------------------------------- 
֣ղôãڻظôֲӣ 
ͬһʱ䣬ҿּα̵γŴС㣬һŮ
ˣ·ϼۣΪҪʹСȥ 
Ů˶࣬Ϊôģ 
ò˰ɣߵּαЦѾ
ɫĨسȹȻ˻ˢֻĶԵ
ׯţֻҪ۲죬ѷ˫촽صĺ֮
䣬Ǵδʡ 
ûϽĻΪԸҺ˽⣬ǿ϶ģ
Ѿȥ˯ˣûֻҲֻˣ 
ֻܿյһϢǹ˾Ǳҹౣġ 
ģ˾שͷЩģ 
Ϣ˼Ƭ˾ǰ߶żשͷΪűȽϼ̣
ֻмմһשͷϲۣ 
Ҳ֪Ѱԡٵỷֹ̫ۣԵʱװŴרѡ
˱Ƚϼ̵Ʒ֣ͬʱװ˱Ƚǿıϵͳשͷ
ȥһۼû¡ 
ǵڼˣּα̿Ƭüͷʵ 
֮ˣЩ˻ڶ࣬ݵҲɲʲôټ
ֵӰڣùˡ 
Ǳ𣿡 
ȥģ¼񱨾ûɶá 
Ըٳʲôˡ 
ģģ 
ҿǰһŵĵ·˫ֽỵ̂谵·ƿٵڳ
૵˵ 
ҵĲô࣡ 
ܿЩأּα̴ӵпһںѾ˯Ů
ǳǳһЦȻ˵ 
ǵöúһЩôƯŮӣᣬʣ
Ůֱ˼伫ƷѽǵҪǮ 
ˣҲһξ͵500˰ɣ 
УϴΡѰԡи˵ʣӦ
һ5000 
ҪһŮ漸첻ѣҪһŮֺ
ŵӣǮǲơԭ紦ŮԽԽһ£ܶ
δŮĪرһЩССͱ˴
硭ܡ 
˵Ҳ㣬ԴŮȴ൱ءΪŮҪĹ
˵ƷԣТ߻¸صˡ
ƴ֮ǰҸ⣬ҵһμʦһ졣 
ŮȻδȥЩȻζеĸֶ֪
ֻҪ棬һŮ濪˼ǶԴֵĿ
˵Һ壬һžͻᱻ򿪣̲֮صǱҲϱŷ
۵ݽ˷ϣҲû𱬣ŴҲԽԽ
ģҲϰ˾¶һһ߹壬Ϳ
Ƴξߢˡ 
ղŵֳұǸ÷漸죬ϾѸղ
ּα̲ٵ˷˵Ůʾѣʱ򻹻
СŮһӽУһһ·ϡ 
ҿǸĴŮٿǶ˾Ц
ϷſʱξŮˣ뷨Ͼͱˣ 
÷ʱ˿ں׿ѫϣĵñȽϼң
ǧɽλɽҲֻһһЩ 
˳˵䣬һµƽһңѰԡߵһ
λԱ¹ǰ塣 
ÿһۣҪΪʶ 
ˡǰŮڶ˾ߵߣ÷ֱǸ˴
ϣ⸧壬ǸҲҫԼͶõļˡ
λҲ࣬һֱӹš 
Ƕڵȴһɢ󱻴ߣΪ֮ûҵĻй
ͷϷҪˣ 
ʵֳЩЦģΪŮ壬ﴦŮһ۾ͿԿ
һֱͦļͣЩ߿϶һǻͱԼģ
ǰֱֻ񣬲˵ʵ 
ϾһŮԾۺܼң˷Ҫʽ
϶ΨѰ˵Ĳ֧Ԯ 
û뵽ѽһ㻹˼˾Ů뻻ζ
СһۣһڨЦȴһַǳǿҵĸо
϶ңģԴճӴ 
ţȻһԣɲԽ̵һ 
УΪ㼦ͺܶȻ˵պ˳20
ּα̺Ȼֱ֣Ӿһ䣺 
50򣡡 
һӾֱӼһࣿڳ˶һڣȻȫһ
ƬȻһֱվ̨ϵž۵ǮҲһ
㶣λԴЩš 
ּҴС㣬ֳͷˣС㵱͸
ǸТ˳Ůѽ 
ǵЦ漴ƣϾԴΪ
۸ԽߣȺǮҲԽ࣬ڳζҪĹ
ʾףء 
βҰ֣͸ߵλһ͵
Ҹɡ 
ڲ֤ʱ򣬺һգԼǵһˣ
αʵҲֱһɡ 
һߵתΪһƬľ֮׿ѫҲ
ࡣ 
ףһտ֣濴ּҴСܣ
Ҫ֪ŮѻһһŮԼ˿綼ǳټ
ο֮䡭Ҷһ䣬֮ڵʲôϵ 
ʲôϵѣⳡϵĻɣѻڣŮ
ѣôҳʮ򣬻û˳ߵļǮ 
ּα̻ǰǸرˣٰѻҲ֮С 
±һ˽û˳ˡȻղų20λ֣
ʱȴ֪ʲô⣬վ˫۹µµּαõϴ
תȻ˵ 
ּҴС㣬λСұ⣬Ƿǵֲɵģϣ
һССҪӦҾͷۺó֮ 
ƹˣʲôæҪҰ뾡˵ɣ 
ģҹ˾һӹ̣ģҲͦ󣬹ֳ
ŹľӴвʮҹŮˣ˾ͬ¡
ѧزнСйǶ˵оһ㡣˵ּҴ
С⣬֪Ƿ͹ʱ䣿 
С£ƹϺҰ칫ҵСϵɣᰲʱġ 
ãˬ죡һΪ׿ѫ֣СҾͲٳˣ 
ٲһƬͺȲʣ׿ѫͲԽ
ļǮ⣬ԼǰҫһˣһüЦ 
ǽϳɾ˼׮£ǰλŮĳ˺üǮ
ִСҪȥ;ãȥһݽҪҪ
˰ɣһĶˣ˵ֶηḻˣ 
ϾǴŮղԼʱΨдվţž
ڱ׿ѫȻһ֣ɵûһ飬
濴ҳʲôһɨڻͦŵĴӲ壬ɵ糺죬
ϴ 
ѽ˵ĶôҡʮĴŮҪˣ
ÿ¡šǿһЩŮʼնһġǸ
ŮǮӦǸ˰ɣ 
Ȼ룬ȶһ׿ѫ񣬵黹ǱȽϽţ
̨ʱĶȽģæַһ 
С㲻ؽţһЩ壶һЩ 
ΪŮͻȻұûʲô׼ڰýˣ
òΰɡ 
С㳤һŹһҪγˮҶü֮
һ˫ڰ׷ˮֱͦСɵıһݳ¸Ժ촽Ľ
ޣΪ뵽ҪˣȽϺ߶첷ġͷϻ˴ķ
ɫ黨Ҳסҡڡѩ׵ȹȻȽϿɣҲ
·дѵŲ׵ĵ̡ 
ȻûѾһҼģɫҽӴŮ֮
Լˮƽ̸ܿܿӣЩһΣӱ֥Բһ
ЩȻͲҪּҽûˡ 
ʱҲңĿһҲԼҲое㲻
˼ųЦ˺ӯӯ°ݣ˼һ󣬱ŮԼ
ʱһף 
СŮСŮӼɣδΰ֮
ֵʢ꣬ص˱ӣŮʱ
Ů壬ȫŮ£ԸΪūͣһô˼̷
ˣ 
һͨףʾȻ͵Ц
һػظСһƶȹҹһ̽
Ů֮컯ļ֣ҳһĪң 
λͦߣһҲǵһΣһΰ˼ƴɣ
ԱѾ׼һ·ֱӹȥСУһβ£
ѡλָŶ˭Ըֱ 
һߵĺ׿ѫֿʼ±߹ڵһ˶ӻ
Ծ֣Ҳǣ˵һΣʲôָȡڶεҲ
ǰҵʲôˣҹʥ飬һ۾Χۣ
ҲȥʱǲǻҪһмͣ͡ 
Ťͷһּα̣˵ּα̴СС
ָɣʱ䷽棬ɴ飬еˣ
£Ҫˣ 
Ҵԣ˿϶һƬʧϾǶȨ
Ҳûж˵ʲô׿ѫҲΨдԲ 
źûνһʱ䣬Ǿ͵
̣úѧôŮˣǻһʽǰO
ŮòһԱˣھףصʱˡ 
طĴͳŮ֮ڳŮҪȥӵһ
Ůʾغ͹ͬʱ˵ƴʱעϾҶǹˡ
ףˣӵΪڴҶֱͦӵ
Σֻһļͷ˵䣺һι㣬ڶμǵң
һ׻ 
˼Ůôڶǣ߼ͷĵЩʹ 
ֺһ󣬽ĿƽҲʽҺ
ȻתһŮԹԱ뿪ȥ׼ƴǸ
ϢΪǴŮĽĿ϶롣 
Ȼղź˵ҪȥܣС֪Լûô
 
Ů˵Ҫȥ;֮򼪣ֻּҴСôˬ죡
Ĵ󼦰Ͳ϶ٵúˬҲǴھڣը 
һںըԴϾеڶšŷɽЩ˿
һϣҪؼּα̡Щߴ̽
壬ǶԿԷˮӻҲԽԽ 
ȴûٸŮˣôʱѾһƬ˷ɣ޲L
˵顣ֵλϢġ·Ϊ˱Ҳھ
ҪҹԱҪһԡϡ 
ҽȥʱڴϴŵǲҽʮ־ȣ
Ծغ˼ 
ǳڹ 
㲻ýţ˵óõġ 
仰ܸЩ⣬ԼĶȻȤһģ 
ǣЩʲô 
ΪʲôҪԼĴŮҲ²Ϊʲôưɣ׿ѫ
ӦǮû˼๵ͨ˽һ£ǽϵʱҲ
ĬҲ׽ҡ 
ˣѾʮ꣬ѾˣҰֺҲͦõģ
˵ԼվͿˣպ÷ʦң˵Ҫһ
ûȤѴŮҲһˣ˵ĵļǮһƣһҡһ
ȥ͸ĸһΪҾãǮһİԾ͹ˡ
˵ʵҶ㡭ͦģʱ͵㴫ڸ
Ұɡ 
ʵҲôǵһƴʱ滹֪ôЦ
˼֮һ⣬һһҽĿġ 
С㣬ղ˵Ҿãɷ͸¶һˣ 
Ұǰߴ˵ģʮǰͻͳɼûȥϹ
˺ܶࡣҲûж룬Ҳ԰һ¼ 
ֻں˹˾ҵͷǰ˾ŲʮˣҰԼ
г 
С㣬һ뷨ĴŮҪ㵱ҵ˽
ȻһΪΨһˣҲ˵ң˶Ⱦָ㣡
ֻҿԲ㣡 
ҵ뷨ʮ־ȣϾ
ȫǵ߸֪ڷǳ쿪˼飬Ŵ
һʱܲˡ 
һһܵ˵ 
Ҫ㵱˽ԸԼеġҲ
ֻ֪ں˹˾˴չأҪΪϴ
ģҲԸȥɡ 
ߴǷǳĹããдϸʱ䣬
ĺ˹˾ҪԱҪʱٴԱŮԼ
˴϶ᱻϴֵĴԱٻ
Σܲ˵ҪõĴ϶ããϼ£
ҵ˽ȻҪȥˡ 
ǣҲʮ꣬ǹ涨ʮſԡ 
һ鰸ύᣬһ˽׼ڣʮ֮
ǰͿǰԤԼʱԼѧֱѧҵΪֹ͹
ҡģڼĹһֲ٣ 
鰸ߵ˻֪õλδҹģҲ
ʥ 
ǣʳʱҪʲôˣ 
ʣµ꣬ѧЩ֪ʶѾһ˽
Эҹ棬ҼҺŮѶԼ
ҵͥ߿϶Ҫһչ˵ġ 
Ļ⣬ллˡ˵Ҳһ
õĹޡ˵ţվֶҸһ 
Ϣһ£뿪ʱٽ㣡ҲҪȥ
սΡּҴСɧ¶֪˶ٺ 
                   -------------------------------------- 
ҴƿסӵĴţ뿪ʱһȽص
·ʾļҾȷʵãȹͷϵʵŵĲ
֧İĵӰ롣 
ҴλŮ𣿣һţ
Ҳһæ򿪵Ĵ鿴˲ǣڵĲ龰
һģһʾûл 
Ҳ﷢ëϵĶʾֻ
˼绰ֵͬ£нϻ̵
Ƚ㣬ûϢ 
ûµģֻֻˣֻ߻ȥˣѵ 
ɲǼ䣬ԺҲĿԣ칫˾שͷ
᲻ҲǸξ˲亹ֱð̱ɳ
֮ϡ 
û°ɣʲôˣ 
ҲŻˣ߹һңһ
ʱ֮˳ס޹ǵС֣eeͷ˵û£µģ
룡 
ҺȻᵽһ㣬ִŮϲе޵㣬
Ʈвһʱ˾֣Լİ˿
һλŮʱֵľͻת 
Ťͷһɴһ˫۾ңȻҹ
ȱԴҲˣ۵в
һο 
ԭѽҸղŻšҪúðο
㣡 
Ҳûж룬˳һӾͰѹɳ֮ϡ 
ڻʱ򡭡±
кţš൱ֱء͡һѰǰ·˺
ߴһ׼ʽİɫŮרΧͬԭ˶Χһ
Ҫö࣬ĿرĴŮݡͬĴŮרڿҲǺ
صƣȫԵǶ̿㴩ߡĴŮ涨
˵ǿ鴩ڿĴŮԼҪȥ״뱲ӣ
ԼŮԼҲҪ 
ִŮȥϿʵΪǮȨ
㣬ŪĴŮ 
ôôΧҪ˺𣿡ڵ״
̬ûѣֱ֣ץסֱӽṹһ˻һ
Χֱһȫûǰ¶۰ǰ
¶мͻ㣬ʵǷǳˡ 
ͷۣ벻Ҹӣһֻȥ
һߵ鷿ͬʱһߵͷߣϸϸ˱Ū 
ʱεѹɳϣ˵ŲҪҪȴ
ɬмֵܻӭȲʱַ뵽ȻҪƴ
Ҳûʲô˰ɡͬʱûĽҲ
ŪţһɴûܹˬоʼȫߡҪǣ˵Ŀ貿
ѹԼĴȣܵ貿мһִֵĶԽԽ󡭡ǡ
ϵԼղҲۼС
״̬ƺʧ񡭡һҵЩŮһǳֱͱ
ܵˣ뵽ƿң 
ѽѣҪôѽ 
ţҲҼʲôһúúһˡ̧ͷ
һֻּŪϸ⣬ͬʱҲ촽 
촽סһ仰Ҳ˵ֻо
项ȫҲ˱ƬŴ
΢΢촽Ҳ̰Ϸ 
촽ɣٰѼ· 
һֱӴȴ൱ذ
ϱߵť⿪ȻβɳϣΪɳ̧
ĴȣԺ˳ذĿܳµСλá 
סôһ̿ߣϲ͸˿ڿˣ
ȤҲ˺ 
ѣҲŮѽҪ˺ 
ô˵ҲǵʮŮȻԽǴСѧץ
ԼڿҪ˺ʱͱе㼱ˣԸⱻ˴ֱĶԴֻ
ڿ㣬Ǳ׾˺ 
۵ڱ⣬ױ¶ڶǰǰǴŮѨ
ڣ֮֮һǳǳʪʪķ϶͸߷ۺ⣬
߻űȽϡëһһ縵رȽɢҡʱ
ϾŮ·һɾͻСƶȥĸо
ɳϣĿգȴһ̵ĵ˫߬ɳ
ֿʹ 
ȥܽխСѨѽôʹŮһҵĴҪ
ˣ 
ѵ·ֻȻˣ󼱴ٵڰҴʧ
лѣ 
ҵ绰ˣ       
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