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001±۸ĵ־Ը
 

001±۸ĵ־Ը
2010꣬׻ƹ
ʢĵ糿֪Ѿס֦ͷϷ˷ؽΪź
Ѿ٣˵ʱѧУӦȸŶԣɽһоַǷ
ΪһǸѧܹõ¼ȡ֪ͨӡ
ʮأΪĲǽһ
Ⱥ֮УȺ˻ЦΪõ¼ȡ֪ͨһǿϱƵͬѧ
ӵ¼ȡ֪ͨһ̣˶˼ˮ
Ȼϲʱ̣һ̶ľ쳹ѧУΪ֮Ȼ
İࡣ
һˣ
óһһ˿ֱ֮ӴߣƾǸô޼¡
ƾʲôץңƾʲôҷʲôǡ
ߵżӡݸ߸ߵģȥʣһ˫ǳ˫͸Ÿǿͼ㣬˶жû˿һۡ
ףǹ¼ȡ֪ͨģõ֪ͨһ̣ȻԼ¼ȡĴѧԼĴѧȻһ
о֮һʱѡ˱ɵȵˣԼȴ˾ˣ
𾪡šã
ߣҶ
ΧȺ֮УһΪ˧Ķűץߵףг֮ɫ
ܣͱץͬͬѧ
״Ӹһһֱѧϰϵľ֣һΣ׳Ϊ˱һе״ԪɣԼȴֻӵ
ĻʵҲûʲôһǵδû̫Ӱ졣
һУһ䵽ؾǴѧ¼ȡֻ
ܸ磬һأǽֵһ֣ĲһСӣʲô
ܵԱߣһ巢겻мЦһ
ҽ鶼ˣüͷһһԵӡ
ܸ磬ܲ𣿷İɣǱҶˣֱȥˣ
ЦеĿܵ
ЦһΪĵͷѾҰ˵ˣһĹ̹Ǽˡ
İллܸ磬ллܸ磡˷ܵЦˣҰ˵ܸһοϾǴѧ˵ҪļƸϼ
Сӣһôɶ¶һ˿̹ȻЦݡ
Ӧõ˭Ҵأϴޱȣʵ˼൱ܣĺ
һУ˼ױץ顣
Ҫ֪һе״ԪȻˣȻ˲Сĺ䶯
ط־֣Ѷң  ױץ֮󣬾ǱһʽϸĻ֮ǰ顣
Լץм䵽׷ʲô֪
ϣһ˿Գһ£һҲаɹôʱ侹Ȼһ˶ûС
۵  һãȻʱѶҵڿˡ
û뵽ԼĵһˣȻԼͬͬѧܡ
ܵԱߣһЦݿס
ܣԭǸɵģ
ײɵһ¼ȡ֪ͨʱ˵ܿ˾ǴѧԼȻͬ۴ѧ¼ȡˣûй  ֪ܵϰֿǽֳٿһԵķ˵ľ˾Ǳط־ֵĸֳ
˺Ȼ֮طһӾͰǰͨˡ
ʲôңЩװɵ㶵ĿЦе˵˵㱻ץˣҸ㣬Ͼͬѧһ
ٺ٣СҲн찡Цһ
һµô˵أǵͬ
ԶԶԣͬͬ
ҲǿЦûˣûè˭أ  ǲǸҵ־Ը
ŭһ˾һͷŭʨӣԼֱĻҪҪһȭһˡ
ٺ٣ôôͬ۴ѧҲͦõܵһȻӣЦһ
۾ɺ죬˿޲ðʬΣҪɱǣ
أ  ֱһŴ׵ĶϣֱӴԭĵˤȥص˵ϡ
ض׵ĸҪܸ磬Ҫ˵ȹСһʱ˵ɣ
ܿ˿ףڰֵף㰲ĵͬ۴ѧҵĶľšҾͿ˷㡭
ܣΪǽֳҾ㣬û꣬ҾͲܹһӲɣҷʲô
ƽʱô˵ͷƢһ˭Ҳסġ
ǰһţȻܸǰɣҲȥǴѧ
׵Ƿһ˿ѪЩߵĿǰһԼľǴѧξȻ˵У
Цһף֪ⷷжҸղŽʱ˵ıŲٵġ
㡭ú
ߡݺ
ݺ
ôҲû뵽һﾹȻ˵ݺֲøղЩ쾹ȻŲʵľͰԼץˡ




002´ͬ
 

ΪоϧģȻûŷȻǼҲ֪Ҳ
¶һ˿ϧı飬ܿЦ
ܣ쵰˵
׼ҧ˸ȭͷϵŤţһͷҪͻȥޱȡ
ܸ磬һ溫ŮһϾǴѧǿĽĽôײô
ߣԭĳЩ˾ȻҪ⣬ֻϧʼվ󡣡ܳЦһ
棬һеУŮ  һᵽ棬˻һ£ϲֲһˡ
ȴ֪沢ϲܣȻԼԼһ뾩Ǵѧ
ֲյҪ۸Լ־Ըһ˵Ǵѧ
һԼһǺ棡  һΪ˺澹Ȼȱӵ鶼ó
ǴѧҲûôһˣ
ЦһܣⱰСˣźһҵģҪ飬Ҫȫý壡
ⲻв֮仰ȴŨŨв֮⣬пһ¡
Ǹý廹Ǹߺ棬ܲԸ⿴һĻ
ףҸˣ㾹Ȼһ㶼ϧȻвңܵɫ䡣
ܸ磬ʵˣ϶Բ˶ߣŮôһļһأһЦ
һЦȥԿɣ
ʲôܸ磬ǺװŪôܷȥأҲǴ㵵Ŀܣ֪ܵ׸ʲô
ҵĻ㻹ˣ
ǡ
ɫ൱ѿҲ֪«ʲôҩ
һԵҲһ㶣һﾹȻҪԼѲǺ˲ɣ
ܵıô£ҪʲôһʱҲЩò׼
ܺͷ˺ܿ˳ȥһεıѶ棬˿û˶  һιҪϢˣֻϧԼûԸ
۸Լ־ԸԼȻҪԼΣ  ѲһǺˣ
Щ̫ȷʵҲǷԼȥϾҲԼļ˵Ĳǣ
İʲôʵ˵ĻԼⱲӿ¾군ˣȫΨһϣ
ɲ֪أȴһɲԤУ
Сʱ
һλصѶңһһԿס
ܿ׵⿪ȵϽӾ㣬ҪڸµĻСķүҪ
ܾЩԾԥƬ֮ǼҴҵĳ˹ȥ
˿Ѿ߳ȥף¶һ˿ޱȵЦ  ˣˡ
ױſһ˸Ū֮е
ŷŭ𣬺ܿм˹һӻ  
̷ɽڱ࣬㡣
ɽͬϽʵҲͳΪһܵĵش
ԭһϵοĿҲΪڵǳ˭Ҫժӣȴ˭ֲ뻨ԼϵǮ
һȥɽΪһɽ˿̷ɽɽȴվˡ
Ϊ׵ǸȻǸղھֵܡ
˭ʲô
״ӾһͱúڲͷȻһط
ʲôȥ棡ֻСӵ˲õˣ
˵ͳĺܣȻûԼԭ˵
㡭Ǹɱˣ
׵ת൱Ŀ죬һʲôԽʲôģоͰһá
ֲøղܵô׵ľͰԼˣԭǵһء
Խ
ȻѶңԽʲôأ
ڿηǱӣ˶ҲǸ޹ʧ٣˵¶һ˿̵ЦݣһλεذѾǳϡ
ܣͲⱨӦ
Ѿǲһͷţȫë
ȻѾǲ³˵˭ˣǸܻ˭أ
ԼԹңѾˣֻϧ㲻ϧ
˵仰ʱ򣬼һһ䣬ϵı·ǰ֮ɱһ㡣
̷ɽǷ羰ǧǵ괫˵еɼ֮ذСӣǵͶ̥Ҹ˼ңذ׵Ǹһ¶һ˿â
ҡҲŹġ
Ȼסȴһͷײ˵֮ˡ
ȥɣ
õ֮˲ûκεԥһͱ׵ĸžһš
һҵĽ׵ߵķһ㣬ʧ˵ǰ
ߣã
ɫЩҰףղҲһʱ嶯Ѿˣûа취ͷˡ
ܿһֳ˿ٵȥ
˲ûп׵ȥ֮һ߲ʹâŰ̷ɽȵף漴ʧ




003
 

̷ɽȵףïܡӲݴ
ױܵ˸ɽ֮ΪԼⱲӾôˡ
ʡ
һʱ䣬Ҫ֪ǼΨһϣҲǼĽ
ڵ˿ϴѧҫʱˣû뵽Ȼȵ顣
ɽµһ̣˽˫ۡң
Ȼ׼Ҫ׹뵽ȵ׵һɲǣһ߲ϼ⽫Ӱס
ԭҰĿռ˲ùʶĿѤɫʷ˼ɾ
ֻ쾰ȴûܹõһĨ߲ʹâ˿׵ɫѾԭĲҰױú
֮Уһ޴ӰɣӰһɫȥһʹ֮С
ƻֺ꣬Գ֮أ
֮Ϊ֮ɫԭһƬռеĻݲѾʧȡ֮ıһĨޡ
׻۾ǰľǵ޴Ӱ˶ˡ
ľĵһǿҵĲǰӰоԼСޱȡ
޸ֻع죬
ǵӰ˵һɬѶԣŸоЩ
ǰ֮ѲɾǴ˵еԼʵѾǽɣ
һ뵽˴һ飬ҪǵĻ̬ȿ϶ҪðȻǻܹͶ̥  ү׿ǱԩŵߵģⱲҲûʲô¡ײסĳӰ˵ţǲҰ׵ɫ˵˴˿ĵĽš
ߣʲô
ǵӰһȻֻһߣ׷оԼĪ𶯡

ɶ˵  Ȼ׾ŵ˵ϾҲǹΪôõĶ
ĭǸǸǣ
ɽ̫幬
ɽ̫幬׼ɵۼĳǿߣлĲʲô
ɽ磿ǡⲻҡһû
׿ǰͷһһղŴү˵Լɶɽ磬⵽ʲô  ߣбڣѣ֮̾һԵԵԵԵ𣡣ݺɽأȴصǧصһ㡣
˵ִ֡ɣ㡭ҡ⵽ô£׺үӽ֮Ҳǽƽ
죬꣡  ԼѾûʲôȥϣˣȹ֮£Ҳǽķ
ҪľҪŪ׷ʲô飿  Ҳգû뵽Ҽɢ֮ʣѪҲֻء鲻ϲϸȥüͷƺһ˿ο
׼æ˵ɣôҲø˵˵⵽զ°ɣ
һֵʱȻף˵һ桭
Ѿû֮ǰĮȡ֮һĴ顣
׿ɴԼ۾棿
ֻ֡С̫졢عһɢ
׻ִ͵״̬У̤һΪƣռ˲֧飬ԭ޴ӰҲǽʧµľ޾Ŀ顣
ſռ𵴣ɫһ׵ΧϵĲơ
һʵʵ׵壬˽ʶҲǽģ
ʱһһţҲ֪˶ãһйƽ·ʲô鶼ûзһ㡣
ףгһػɽ磬Ϊһ졣Ϊޣأ
ǵӰǧʣ֮͸Ρ
ǸǸ㵹˵զ°ѹһ仰Ҳ˵ʲôԼӰҲûп
ֱϣȴһ״ͼ֡
ĴɵۣһȴδϾһж
ЦʱǰӰȴҲǽıޡ
ƲѣղƮŵĲûлɢ
ΪԼ˴˵еأƺоԼ
˵ҲǹŹ֣Ȼ֪ԼӦʲô֮£Ҳøɣ
ڵһ㶼֪ô£
̷ɽȵף
׿ܵľƽƺܹܵΧһУ΢΢̧ͷͷ֮ϵһѾ죬ϸ΢
Ѱ˼ŵ׷ʲôʱһɾ޴Ϣ׵Դкըһ㡣
˫ֱͷԴ类ǧѹһ㣬ּĳ۾ɵĹԲ
ڣ֮ײŽĹƽڵϴڴڵĴŴ
ȻڴʱһĻѾĿɿڴ
ɽ硭
̫幬

ߡ




004Ů鷳
 

һλصصʱѾһºˡ
ܵΪѧѧ˿Ѿ뿪ǰ˾ǡ
һƣһʱҲˣֻеȵܺͷһؼ˵ˡ
ԭ׼ؼҵջѡݲȥΪȥ˱ط־ǱߣԼûһۣЩ֮ĸо
Ȼʱûбͨ׾ԼʱȥǸ鷳𣬸οܵ˲ڣʱ汨Ȥ  ſڴͬ۴ѧ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ѾһµĴ㡣
ֻмٿǮھ뿪ѧвʮʱ䣬ȻûпǵľǴѧܱûѧϵĺðɣ
ӵž̫幬еףĳޱȵš
Уվ  š顱ĳƺŵĽ϶ˣӵаʷ̣νǽ˹ŵִ֮
״ӱص㻨ʮСʱʱ䣬ڵԣЩСˡ
зסޡ̡
³˳վûжã˸̷ӵ
ط̾еĵط㿴һۣʲô˶а
ŽֱȺһӶЩʧ˷ĸо
ȥѧУ̫磬ԼѧѶûУȥ򹤵Ļһܹ׬ôǮ  취׬׬Ǯ˵ţʸӵ
Ӵ  ׷Ŵȴû뵽һŮΪߵ̫ȻԼײ˸
ףǿͭǣײ֮ûκεĸо
û°ɣ
֣ϾղԼЩ̫ͶˣȵԼӦʱ˼Ѿײˡ
Բ𣬶Բ𡭡
ǸЩԥƬֱ֮׵վ
Ů̧ͷʱ׵ǰһŮȥʮͷӣѩüĿ续һͷںڵĳʳڡ
û£
΢΢һЦŮŮҴҵĴк׼뿪
ŮҪ뿪ʱһѾΧдͷǸͷŴִֵĽӣֱϻһģ
һȥ·͸ˣå
ٺ٣С㣬㵹ܰͷЦһбŷһϷʵĹâ
㡭ʲô
Ů㳿ոҽƴѧҵȡҽʦʸ֤֮ԼһС
С㣬ϴȥͷЦһ
㳿żˣʶĳ׵ĺ˶㣬ȻҲ֪޼£ôأ
ƾʲôǻȥҲ˻𣿡㳿Щߵ˵
ͷкٺһЦˣǰϴĲԽԽأϴ˵ˣڸѡ񣡣
ʲôѡ񣿡
㳿бŷһ˿ʵ
ͷһԼĹͷȻһ⳥ϴʮԪľʧѣڶϴĲΪֹϴĺģǵĴɩ
ͷ˵ԼЦ˼һԵļҲǸЦһаӡ
㳿ɫѿǡϴûв
ߣûвɲ˵㣬ԹԵĸһ˰ɣ
˵գѾΧ
Ȼ֪е׷ʲô飬ȴ³˸˾Ųʮ
ǰЩˣڵһŭһ뵽ܵˡ
Ҳߣ㳿г˾֣ŵ˵ӣҾͱˣ
ͷкٺһЦûκϴĲǱΣ˵ˣΪܵһʱܵһ
һǳ׼㳿׼뿪ԶǷȦûκεĻᡣ
Ҳ֪һô֪Լ뿪ģԼҪվʱ򣬾ȻǸˡ
׵ǰһ㣬ŹͷеȼĬ֫ѾԼ̬ȡ
ݣĸɵûãĳ񣿣
ͷпǰ˰ļһҲüͷһᣬȻûа׷С
ײͷУ˿㳿С㣬֪ͬ۴ѧôߣ

㳿һǱߣҪ֪ԭѾǽŵĲУԹͷˣˡ
ղſͦ׼ԼʱҲһůϾʱһΪԼͷһƼˮˣܲж
Ȼ㳿û뵽ǣһһھȻ·
ûаԼ˼ֻΪʶ·ѣ㳿˲䵽˹ȵף  ͷһ׾ȻģǱ·Ц˼ģԭΪǸѵģû뵽Ҳ˰һ
ͷ磬СӸղҪӢ۾ҿǸܳʺΣһһ췢ٺЦҪδɩİ

ΧŵļһЦݣǰҪӢ۵ףѾоһ۸˵ĿУ




005´磬Ҵ
 

վԶֻǿŹͷеΧˣû˸ǰֹ
һ²һ£⣬ܶĸĸôġ
񽭺һУӣʲô˶УҪڽлȥ¿϶ǲеġ
㻰أŮͬ۴ѧô߰ҵһﲢϤܴܲȥ
׿㳿¶˺ɵ̬һԵĹͷġ
һѲûԼ˵զΣ  Ȼʱ򻹸Ҹ㳿˵ѲСӾͲԼȱ  㳿ĭڼΪĽţһԵһƺ֪ΣյĴڡ
ҡʶǡ
㳿Ȼʶͬ۴ѧҲڽϵĴѧͬ۴ѧΪȫΪ֪ԺУ֮һвʶĵأ  ֻǶʱʳ⣬㳿۾
ʲôǲǵģȻʶĻǴȥôЦ㳿
Բۡ
ͷе޿̣һֱΪԼǣû뵽СӶԼ˰
ΪһåоԼ˸ܵ˼裡  ͷ磬СĲӰ
ͷе£ǼѾǴȥֻҪͷһ£Ϳ԰״趼ʶˡ
Сӣϵģ
ͷܹСͷĿҲǸɵӣСԲԼУѲʲô̲ɣ  С죬һ»϶Ӳ֡
ҪֺģҲƵˣʼҲʲô¡
΢΢бӣ˿ͷеһ𣿡
ݡСװǰɣͷеԱߣëŵ˳
۸ˣû뵽СӾȻôأѲͷȥܺͰײɣ  кâһһԡ
ݣӣôΡ
ëаվҲǵĵ֮һСӷ첻ɣ
أ  ëδ䣬һɫȭӰŷХžȭͷײͷ
һѹֵĳƸУëӦһһӴӿзתʮȣȻصˤ˵ϡ
ͷһ㶣һԵļҲʶĳˡ
˵־Ͷ֣˻ˣ  ǰ֮һʼһ˵û뵽Сôڡ
ڿһԵĺëߺڵϣʹɫԲװͿװĳġ
ǿ𣿡
վ㳿Աߣ˿ͷʵ
ͷɫѿ˼㣬׵ĶúܶѾʼפΧۣȻ֪ЩȺֻǿֵģںʲôӣ
һ˻ȻӣЩʱ֪򲻹˼ңΪҲҪϵġ
οڹͷпײ͵Ϯ˺ëһ£ëƽʱզզһѺ֣սǿ
ֵǣΧˣҹͷǿĵ϶֣ˣ
ͷЦһŵͦµģȻͷǿ
ȺбŷһЦЦȻҲǱŸЩˡ
㳿ǰĳ̵㡭㻹ǸϽ߰ɣǡǿǡ
ߣֵǸϣ
ͷһ㳿ˣȻǸӵˣսëģ߻ĸˣǻײɣ

ֵľͳ׵ķֱ˹ȥǹӵĺݾһ˿ŻЩ
ֻǱ˷пܵģأԲܣ  ΢΢ЦһµںϣʵѾﵽһ൱˵ĳ̶ȡ
ѰҲǰ׸ôǰļˣһεԼֲȭͷ
飡  ȭԭΧˣֱӳͬķȥղŵĺëûκε
ڿ˿̵ףѾһץס˹ͷУһֻ֣ͽͷеĲ

ͷ۾ɵϴг˲ŵĸо
ղûпǰôֵģԼļѾǱڵء
⻹㣬׾ȻһֻĲӰʶǰһֲ
ؿǴﵽһʮ
һʮ˵һֻֻ֣ҪôصǶ൱ѵģ
һ̣֪Լˣ  ԼԭֻҪץ㳿ȥˣû뵽·ɱҧ
һӾͻļƻ̸һ˵ء
ȿȿȡ󡭡磬ҡҴˣ
ͷд˿̺ǷǳѣʱоҪǻ˵ĻǿĻᱻһɵ
һ̣ĺˣ
ҹ
׺üԣɱ⼸һûҲﲻ
ֻͷбһףصˤ˵ϡ
һӵʱ䣬׾ͽǰ鷳һԵ㳿д˿




006³Ůڣ
 

ˣ
ͷиоԼϻģЩڵϵļνֵܣԼһ̵ľˡ
ʱ̸ʲôֵܸ飿
ʵϵĻ죬һܵĶǱӻҪġ
ͷǿҲûʲô˵ģϾƱǿһҲʲôݳ  Ҫ׸ˣµʱҵ˾
Ȼ㳿ˣܱԼǿɣ
ЩĶӵӣ㳿Щ𾪵ĿףʵͷǿҵʱѾǾ͸  Լ֮һʼ꾭Ӫ൱ģȻֻǸСʵܿɹۡ
جһ֮ǰˣ˾ǹͷǿ
ͷǿһ㳿ʱΪˣû뵽һСС澹ȻôƯŮҽ
ٺͷǿԼϴϴ󼸺͹βʵһҲûʲôǹҲġ
㳿ΪԼո𲽵ҵһ١ٶãԽԽ֡
ĥ֮㳿ȹЪҵһʱ䣬ǲеĻֻܹ̳ȥˡ
ɻûеȵ׼ϼңⲻֱ  лл㣬̫ллˣ
㳿һӶ֪ôԼˣּԱ
ʼ֮ͣǡ˶ѡ
лл㣬ҽ㳿
㳿ʱҲǷҲû֮ǰĽţ׼֡
׵ЩЩ˼ͷҽס
뿪طɣô˿Źֵֹġ
㳿˵ħצ֮һʱҲżȥˣϾ˵뿪Ҫܴġ
վһҿȵ꣬Ȼ˲ˮͳԵľ
ףôô
ǿߣÿһ˶ݵĶ
Σֵ֮ǿߣȻӢ۾ľףɶںܶ˵ҲԲˬġ
׿˿㳿ǰʦϰ⼸С˵⣡
㻹书ҪҲ书ͺˣҾͲˣ
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ҲЩŭ˵˵ˣͲˬ  㳿ʼˣҲգ˶ڣǲֻܶˣ
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Ҫһʱʱ̵̿ıҾͺˣҪȻƸ㵱ҵı£
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ѹҲû뵽ԼһȻҪڡ
˵˵ڣǿǾ޽еˣҪ֪ڿɷǱȷˡ
ԣ԰סһ¸ǧΣ㳿һεĿʵ̫˼˵Ǹ֪ǧе٣׬ҲǺܶࡣ
԰סǧ飿׿㳿ҲȤڻûѧѵء
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סﰡ׿˿㳿ʵ
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Ϊ˻ΣҲʵһȣһŮһס˭Ը⣿
ͬ۴ѧ̫ԶҲöʮӡ㳿
УȻŮʢҽĹӶЩ˼Ŀ㳿
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ǸǸܲԤµĹʰЩ˼ʵ
˵ڻЩȱȻˣҪǮĻҲûʲô취ġ
ɽ
㳿¶һ˿΢ЦȻ֪Լ뷨Щɲ֪Ϊʲôǰһġ
㳿˵ʵҲ֪һԼѡ񵽵ǲȷģͶ·ˡ
ͷǿǵϴǾݵĻֻлطˡ
׵ĳ֣΢ĺһЩ
ϣĪԼˣܹȹһεѹء
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㳿ͿСſڣһط۸Ƚϵĺġ
Ҫ֪ڽһסһ»ǧңο淿
ΪСĵλԱȽϵƫƧҲôĸߡ
㳿  ԶԶĿһɫĹƣĸ֮⣬һɫʮֺȻĿ
㳿һܣΧûˣҴҵĴܽԼȻѴŸˡ
ôŸʲôЦʵ
㳿̾һˡ
Ǹǻǻ㲻ǣ𣿡Цŷʵһ⡣
治°
㳿ЩԾĿףʵһʼǱԿ뷨ġ
û뵽һӴӦǸʱЩˣںӣҲǰֵصĵ档
ڻ̲סϾɲ顣
Цŵʲôɺµģһ˵ˣǷᣬǸʲô
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׵ҼȻӦ㵱ıڣȻҵķͷİɣ
ðɣϣˣ㳿ʲôΣգԼܣùңҲôġ
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һӶ֪˵ʲôˣҲֻܹЦʼ硣
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һ󼱴ٵ𣬸㳿һ
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ſˣ㳿һ˺汳һСϽǰŴ裬ôˣ
ҽذллأϽȾǼӰɣ
Ŵͨһ¹˵ϣѾ涡
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ܿ죬ŴͰԼСӷ˲֮ϣ㳿̼
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ҽ
Ŵ迴㳿ЩΪѵӣ˶Ҫˡ
ףȥһ׹ҿܲúӹȥѿںĶ˳ȥ죡
㳿ָףڷǳĽҪ֪һӵ  ΪҽĿԼĲԼǰĻǾ޷ܵģο⻹һӣ
ף⺢ӿ첻ˣѾ΢ĺܣҪһԣ
ײʱ֪Լٲ֣⿿ǿ϶вͨġ
һ׺ӹ಻ȥʱпܼغѶȣһӻزĻǿºľûˡ
һԣף㿪ʲôЦ⺢ΣڵϦʲôĻ
㳿ҲǼˣʱ׸ʵЩܲˡ
ΪһרҵҽԼڶЩ޲ߣһҽˣôܹأ  ׳ҽӵɫѾǷϣʱ㻹ô׹ǲǰĺͨס𣿡
㳿׵˵һʱ侹Щ޷
˵ĲûκεĴӺҪڡ
ŴСʱŴڣȻǱӦǺˡ
ʱС׵ĻǲھǰСĺͨס  һֲҽԼܹ  Ŵ迴׺а취ӣ̵תǹͷ׵λҽȾӣ㡭
㳿׳ʵףɲǿЦ飬а𣿡
ʵȻǰʮ㣬Ҳܰ˵ôġ
̵Ŀǰӵ״˵ʮӵʱ䣬϶ΣˡȥһΣ
һԣ
㳿ɴ۾ףѲ⺢Ʒ
㳿ԥ֮ʣ׾һѽŴĺӸԼĻУȻͷ½ųϡ




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ףʲôס֣
㳿һɣҪĳĻԼ֪ôˡ
һԵŴҲǷǳۣϾԼӣʱѾЩɵˡ
׸㳿һƣһղһЩͬ
ȣ
Ȼ䣬ŴСĿһһģĶһӴС˳
ŶСгװŴСӸ˹վ˵ϡ
СۿɼٶȿʼָҲϵŴڿʼĿιӤһ㡣

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һСӿԼ̹ڵϣҲ۵Ŀ
㳿ԭҪǰȥֹϹ֣һﾹȻĴ¾ͰŴӸκˡ
ô  ҪĹõĻôı緢أ
һѷŴԺֶٸ԰ɣ֮ǰӦþΪԵ̫죬ⶫһӿɤ棬ס˺ĺ
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һҲ޷ͣ˵ղûǿаŴСӺĶ֮ƳĻ»ȥҽԺˡ
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׿㳿ģҲЦŵʦһλҽ֣ȻҲʦѧһЩƤë
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ˣҾͲ֪ˣʦ˵֮ԵѾ
İЦνʦԼ׫ģȥ㳿ЩŲɵĸо
ȻǸ˰ԵѾ֪㳿һĽĿ׵
ڵ㳿ԽԽøһʶҲ·Եһ㣬ʶĻԼ¾ͱͷǿ˸ץˡ
ԼҲûصԼŴӿ¾ͻΣˡ
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Ȼ㳿Щ׵Ѿ֪л׶ٱˡ
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㳿ָָԼ˯ԱߣͬһƵľ崲ֻŴ֮侹Ȼôġ
⡭סҲһǺ㳿֮һڵû
ҪǰĻ˵ھһݿ˸һ㣬ȻһһŴ
ͬʲôֱ  㳿ɫͨ죬ЩŵһŮû˵ʲô˵һ̬ĸɶ
ǣⲻ׵ʵ˵
㳿ЩŭĿ׵ʲô˼أڽֺǳеģ˼ôô
ô˼ˡ
ױϿЩίѾǿϲѣû뵽ԼȻ飡
㳿ǾԶһŮҲòϣ  Լ˼ҵıڣǸ˼סһ棬ָо൱Ĳ
㳿˵֮Ҳɫߺ뿪ӣ죬ÿϴѾΪһϰߣýϴĿУϽ뿪ҪȻʵ̫ˡ
ϤˣȻסһ飬㳿׶ǺܲӦ
㳿ͦĵģȻ֪Լĳ࣬ʵ׹ǳе൱ķյġ
񿴵׾Ȼ˵ĻҲǱĻһ
㳿ȥ׻ǸʵˣԼľˣĻԼͱǰ˸ˡ




009¸Ҫ
 

һҹ޻ƺ˯ţϾһûϤķϣͬһҵҲһȡװ˵ڶ죬㳿ĺȦȥЩԡææܵ˶¥սǵĵطʼ緹ʵ˯ŻһԭǾŹͷǿ˱״֮󣬻ڶŵ㣬㳿ڿšȻС⵹൱ĲǰŶӵ˶Ѿ߰˸ˡ׵ֻҲûУֻܹſڻƻơܿ㷢Щ̫ԾĵطΪСſڣмƺһֱ׶ԣٶΣҪĲ۵Ļǵʱֻ֪֪Ϊʲô죿һ󼱴ٵɲСſڣһͣʮˡΪ׵ǸһѼñֻƬ촽֮һŴԵôͻվһԣδżǰֹˣΪ˹ͷǿϴ㳿桭ͷǿһĵĿǸȥЩˡߣҪ㳿뿪˽ҾͰӵʸȥι㣡˵ǹͷǿеϴֽɽºڽʵΪսթֻһα㳿üëΪ˵õ㳿伫ǣϴҪиСӱQĻҡѾ㳿ϴǱˡͷǿҲ൱ƣҪǸͻȻֵСӺ֦ڵĻԼѾϴ󽻴ˡһߺİ㳿Χˮйͨԭ˿ǰƣһȫܵˣʵҲһ쿴ĳˣֻǰʱˡһȻô˹Ǵûйġ㳿ԭڸ˲Ѫѹ֪淢飬ϾߣҲǱȽϵķɵġɵȵ̧ͷһ֮ȴһһεĳˡӴҽͦæ߽ȥ֮һһԼ£һԻ˸Ѳˮϡ㳿ˣѹѹһƬȥкüʮˣ˶ЩɵˡܵҪѰףִ˿ﻹ׵Ӱأʵϣ濴أϾҪֵĻҲҪһͷġֻҪ㳿û£ȻҲûκεĵǣ˵ˣڵľ涼Լƿ֮С㡭ʲô㳿˵Щˣ˫ԿԿóЩһôϣܹͦȴԼһﾹȻʧӰ٣ЦһҽҺĺðǿβȴ˴ֵܣô˵ҡ㳿һҲ֪˵ʲôˣ֪鲢ģɿôǰҲұ粵ˡҽ顣һֵܱˣҽҩô⣿ڶѴ˵˸ҽˡк˸ʵĲûκεһϲ˯ͷҲʲô㳿鷳Ҫ㳿ˣνĲûûվסšڲһˣ㳿Ȼ˴Լĵ֣ʲôطվסšһιһΪ˱㳿Ѵ˵˽ҲǸֵиȻҲΪ㳿Ͷ·ȻͶͱ滮ķǳĺã㳿ΣЩ鲻ԽʿˮҾͱˣ㳿Σʵûа취åͨΪ˸Ͳǹ鷳ģһ㳿кڲԭΪԼֵܹסڿôΧ˹ԼʱǲҪֵĺáһҪǳˣʱ³ȻǷǳҵġЦ˼¶ԼĴٺЦҽҪҪҵֻ㱨þҴֵܵˡ㡭ǵҪô㳿һķ֪ǰåܹġӦ֪ҪʲôɣҽȻ鵽ϣҰѻ˵ûжһŮôĹֻҪҵŮˣһʹԺÿ¸ô˼ѾǷǳˣҪ㳿ˣνɫѵǰӵž㳿޲ðŻһ㡭Σ㳿߷ѵû뵽˵Ȼôֱ׺ʹףϴҪǲǣͷǿʱһεţ˵գҪǰ㳿Ķӣסָֻ֣ոȴһӺ洫˹




010׳
 

㳿Χܶ˶פΧۡ
ԭҪ֣̫ļ仰˵ǾȻҪִ㳿
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ͷǿԭҪţһԵ·ɮ붨һһ
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ףܡ
㳿˵ʲô˵׳
ѹѹһƬˣž˸оһı
Цŵոճȥϸû뵽߾ôˡ
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ͷǿ׾ȻҳҲһ£Ҫ֪һֵʵ̫ˡ
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ΪһľĿȥǸѧģѡ
ͷǿôҲڵϻôģȻôС˵ֱǶˣ  ף㿴ôôܻ
㳿׵ĵ̷ɱߣ׵ĸǰŸоһ˿˿İȫС
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ʵϣҲ֪νƸ뱣ڲԼοԼĻѣѲָһһڰŻ
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ţȻȥȥ̽Сôˣжһ첲
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ΪǵУɵӮһǳ顣
Ҫ֪ɵֵ൱𺳵ģһ׳
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Բۡ
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׸ղһָѾǾ飬ʹ֮һʧȥս
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ݣ
һԼ˾Ȼô˵һαС裬϶Ҳסˡ
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˵һ飬ҹ
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һ򵱹أ·֮һĵ˵ĸǰ㳿˸




011Ů
 

ŪҸ𣡡
ȻһЦûκ˵Ŀˣ˵ҪôҪôԼ  Ϊϵһӣڵһˣôʱأ
ܿһѾǳ׵ķΧӼֱܹ̻һ㡣
װ㳿Լ󣬿ǰˣΪ
أ
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׽һǸһεץֱӾٹͷķ˹ȥ
һȥ
ǰôһӱ˺ܶ࣬ڿǺ˵ӣԭСĿռ䷶ΧȴΪĵһƬյء
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üͷһҪúõĽѵһĵʱֻһӰȰĳ˵ĸǰ
һ˶װȴסεӿµӺͰ˵Եôĳڡ
鳤
ˣг˱ŰǰͻȻֵŮҲЩԥ
ȰϽߣĻ
ǰŮǽ̾ذ鳤Ȼ𲻸ߣ൱ǿ
鳤СӴôĵ֣ܾô𣿡ƺǰŮˣЩ
˵һ飬Ͻ뿪Ҿͺָˡ
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̾ЩϵˣҲ̫ĵ
кܶϢÿˣѡ뿪Ͼ۸˵ġ
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תͷ˿׺㳿һӦˣеĳһ㣬Ůĵ൱Ĳ
ЦһµӦǲŶԣȻǽˣ˭Ҳߣ
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˱׵ĻŪǱߣСǲв
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СӦþǸͷˣ
˿ٺһЦ鳤Ҹ˽˶Թϣ鳤ܹһֻ۱һֻۣĳ
ˣŭһ㵱ʲôѾΰĻֻܹͳͳȥˣ
鳤Ҫˣ
ãӶһɶԼ㳿߳ȥĻϵ˾ԾͶ֪ˡ
ԲߣҲԲܷŹףĳҪԼһô򵥣  ǾƲԳԷˣҲüͷһ
ңȻȻԼͳһѺڶǹڡ
ȻھĸǰǹһﻹЩ㣡  ʵղҲЩĵĸоһԵ֪ǹƲһѡ
ԼͳǹʱҲһ
ȻѾͳˣ⿪ûлͷһᣬֱǹͷ
鳤ҵģҽ춪ô棬ҪǲһĻԺ⽭ҵ׶֮𣿽첻 鳤ӣơ
˿ɱ֪ԼߵһѾûеĻͷˡ
ֻԭЩЩˣ˿Щˡ
Ҫ֪ǹž죬ʾ;Ȼһˣ
ݵſʲôģҲΰʲôġ
һǹֱӾ˲ֹһ  ҲڵôҲû뵽һﾹȻǹһ̾Աⲻ
Ȼ֪ĺȻû뵽Ȼô  Ȱڰǹ£һȥ
ҲЩ棬ˣȻȰȥ
һЦ鳤һܻصȥһжҵġ
ߣ
׿˿һĵȻΪͳǹһֲٿصġ
ĿľҪ޷֮أȻԼɱʱǵһɧ
µԲܵˣ  ݣСӣŲһǹͱ㣿ţһɣƶ
׿˿ҲڵһŮ˵ʣҲӲóַϵŮˣȥǵʣ
㳿һ˵⻰С˰
û̫ĺ£Ͼ̾൱ĵģǶǰһһЩȤ




012±
 

Ȼǹڶţȴһֱڹ۲ס
Ҫ֪ͨ˱ǹţһӦ˫ȷ
Сӷǵߣ֮侹Ȼ޲ڿǹɱԼźãѲСĲ  СBӣǲ
ЦЩѾıԵˡ
Цһղҵô
ãȻСӲҾͳȫ ҹȻһЦ˵ɱһЩġ
Ե׾ͲͬˣС˷ľٶ
ʱԼܲ˵ĻСҲܵõԭһӺܷʵˡ
δһĳķ˹ȥһ˿ʡ
СӾԲǸ򵥵  ܿ죬ڶǹѾǶ׵ĺ棬¶һ˿ЦݵСӣߣͷǿ
ǡϴ󡭡
ͷǿʿˮԼϴһŪþͿǹɱԼеǹԲвô򵥡
ӣǹоȡ
ߣôġ㲻ӵĿ꣬ҪоҵĻһɱľСӣ
ܲˣѾزʲô뷨  Ψһ뷨ǸϽ뿪طھϵ֮ǰ뿪õġ
ܲ˵ģ
㲻Ҫڴ̼ˡ
һԵ㳿סĴ̼Ѿ˱ԵҲǼæ
Ҫ֪ǸҪǷĻʱҪǿǹǾ
ڵ㳿˵Ĳϣʱ£Ͼ˼һжΪԼôĻˡ
Цһ˵һ飬ÿҾͿǹˣ
ҷȰһ䣬ҪִԲˣ
ɲһеǹϾǹͲǹǾԲһġ
أ
һǹ۶˰һǹǳ쿪ġ
׶һһָƣһ־һɲǡ
˶ˣ  ײδתֱһɨȽߵڵأһֺֻܿסǹ֡
ԣ  ׸κεĻᣬֱӽҸ첲жһʧȥ˶Լֱ۵ĿȨ
һǳɣ˿Ŀɿڴ  ʱѾͳԼеǹЩԭˣ˿̿ͳԼǹ̾ӵĹ֤Ҳŵö˵ϡ

ϽһԵ㳿ʱ㳿ҲǷӦ˹ܿ㲦ͨ110ָġ
ԼĪʮҵʱ䣬ʮѾǽСſΧˮйͨ
ܿ죬һһ˱˾
Щ˶ߣߵ׵ĸǰЦŵ˧磬ûȤʶһ£
ûȤ
ֱִҪ֪ڱرܺͷݺ黹ûгأɲﾯйĽӴ
㡭
ҭò˵ǿеסȻף
΢΢ͷͬ־Һûзɣ
㵱ȻûзûзһǾƷ˴ͽҪҡ
¶һ˿Цݣȷղ˵ҲǾ
ȻԼҲܹĶôһɲǣб˱ĸоǷǳĲ
֮䣬ܹһ˵ıԣ  һֱôΪ̾˵̫̫ʱ̵£  һ˲ŷıӣűܵų⡣
ɽ׵ľٶо൱ůģ˿ȥᣬȴڹؼʱڵ˵ȷǲ
֮Ͷѣײ̲˵
˵ô°ôҲǰæİɣȻңҲӦö̬Ȱɣ
Щ̲סס
ŮһȨһ㣬ڱ˿·Ȼġ
һԵ㳿ڻЩ£ƵĿͬ־Ӧȥʷˣʰɣ
ӴǸ޹ϰ¶һ˿ŹֵЦݣȻףԷɲܾŶ
˵꣬ƮȻȥһζ
Զȥӣ㳿ЩƵ˵ףǿ˰ɣ
ôܣױܵҡҡͷ
ҪȻԼԷɶ㳿ЦһŶԷӦпհɣ
㲻ˣ׿㳿Цʵ
㳿ƲƲŪˣ˵ɡҪΪ˸лҳһ鷳ߣȥ㶫Σ
֣
һͷ󣬲תһ룬ԼôȱǮҲ취ŪǮǣ




013´
 

㳡
ڽнģȫóţĶݳƷ۸ǳ
״ӹһͳŵ㳡ķ˹ȥ㳿̵ףȥģ
㲻˵ȥ𣿡ЩĿ㳿
㳿һЦ˵㲻ȥɣ
զˣ׿㳿ʵȻҲʲôԾĵط
㳿˵꣬ûҽȥĶ̫ˡ
ȥУ׷˷ۿ㳿
ȥɶ㳿Цŵ
˭涨Ͳܽȥˣ
׵ƢҲ൱ľ󣬶ԭһֱ൱ĸߣԽǲԽԸȥ
㳿鲻ЩšͣҲúúãҲҪǮܼ棬
һθ㳿ɲֶ飬ûǮӻܡ
沢࣬һֱڱһСطš
ϿŲٵĺöģһνǿʲôֵǮ
㳡ڣ  ޴ͥ˿ŸоݻޱȣȻʮӣѾŲٵˡ
㳿Ҳǵһν̳һݳƷƣΪһŮһҲ˷
㳡һ¥ҪӪƽ鱦ױƷȣЩʮǰĶ˿ҲЩ̾ĸо
ףǵȥ䰡
㳿ЩãȻĿףļ۸ֱûпȥˡ
Ҫ֪˸ۻһҲʮǮ͹ѣ
һˣĿͣһ񷻵ŵꡣ
ŵ꿴ȥҲǷǳɣɫװ˸оһֻعʷĴ
ײǶȤϵһЩֳɵĶá
ϾڵǳĶ࣬ƺҲûãЩƿװҩġ
ҪȻȥǸ񷻿һЩѯʵĿ㳿
ҲоǶǺܶԵİ㳿ЩĿʵ
Ҳ̸ʲôоһ洫ƬֵֵǮ˵
洫ģ㳿ʵ
׵ͷԼĶͳһ̵ͨ壬ûС
̰滹ء
㳿һҲȤû뵽һﾹȻֲԴ񷻸Ȥء
ҪֵǮ£ҪֵǮĻҾţ׺ں˵
ʵϣģ˾̫幬ĴУֶҲ൱ţ档
ҪŪһ񣬼ֱСһӾͿˣ  ˳Ŵ˹ȥ㳿ΪţԵЩֱ׵һȻı顣
ӭٴ񷻣λʲôҪ
һԱĽӴ׺㳿㳡Աʿɲһĸߡ
ҡ㿴
㳿Լ飬Ա˻û˵ʲô˵ԼĿġ
˼ҹģǹȻҪģ˭ҲЩ̫Ű
ףʮ򰡣
㳿Ĵתת⺧˵ļ۸̲סЩ
۾￴ذһ˽ЩݺݵĿһʮҵӡ
ڿӣĿѾǾ۽㳿ϡ
㳿һŮһ׶òϣ֮˽֮ƯŮȻ̲ס࿴ۡ
Ǻǣҿǿţ첻ڨЦʵĿһֱ㳿
ߣС꾫ס˰ɣЦһǰ㳿һȥʱ䣡
㡭
㳿Ů˵һ仰ҭ൱ܣȷ𣬿Ǳ˿ӵܡ
ܣƷˣǹ˰
ŮһְҵװŮ˽ְҵװȴҲסǰ˵ĺ;
ðҸղŻѰ˼ôûأƷ˿ҲЦ
ôأⲻ̫ãָλ˹˹ˣϴһء
ã񷻵곤Ȼˣһݾǰ׼ҵļ̳֮һ
׼񷻵ĳм壬ΨһĹɶ
ȫӵٰټ꣬ɼģ൱Ĳһ㡣
Ʒ۹һǶĺܣ֪һֿһ¶һ˿΢Ц
ǿˣɾǱĵˣ׼ʮĺţʮա
ƷָָһԵ㳿¶һ˿м顣
ЦŵƷˣҪȻԵһ᣿
˵ðڵĴҲһƵģ۸Ҳ࡭Ʒֺ˵
õɫһ䣬ҲЩϾƺ֮ҵһֱû̫
λС㣬鷳һ£ÿ㳿ЩΪѵʵ
ܣ




014¾ϲİ
 

ܣ
׵һ˿ݾܾζһһŮԼкĻÿˡ
ǰȴû뵽ԼĻû˵꣬ͱ˸ܾˡ
⣬ʵҲ֪ܶʱ˿;ϵۣǲܹġ
ҲҪѶƷ˵һ
ðͷʲô˶ܹ㳡ˡƷЦһʮʲôӶ֪ɣ
ÿףĵҲЩԼĺҪȰһ£û뵽һﾹȻôᡣ
Ǿһ°ɡ
㳿ҲЩ˵Ǳ˼ҲǾûʲô취
ΪʲôҪãȿģƾʲôҪ򰡣Цһ
Ʒ˷˼Цб¾Ͱⶫ߰ûǮѧ˼
ʲôʱʲôϵ
һݵӣɰһԵİøˣֻҲ˵ʲô˭أ
㡭
Ʒû뵽СᾹȻԼôţ  УҪǰһأҵǲ⣬Ҫֻһ鷳͵Űɡʵڲ˶εȥʲôȥûǮҪѧŶӶ𣿣
׵̲ȴоʲôܺͻƷˡ
ûǮǺǣϹȻ˵ûǮ
Ʒ˱ôһ̼͸һһԵǸʲôƺóԼš
ջƵĳţһڼء
ʲôģҾȻһˣʲôƷ˵ĶЩ΢΢ܣһʣ¶ٸһͲˣ
ʮͬĿǰһʣʮÿŻƷЩ㵵˵
ȫ
Ʒƺ˰ٶ˵ʲô
һ£ȻŻƷЩ̫ȷʵܡƷˡ
ţǺαأЩ̾һ˵һһ㣬Ҳ̫һЩɣ
򣿡ƷЩݺݵĿŻһԵĻƺǳţƵ˵򻹲𣿰ܣˢɣ
ÿҲû뵽龹ȻıʣһЩֲҵܿľͰѵӿãóPOSתˡ
Űһ羹Ȼ˵ҵ˼ѡ
㳿㿴ɵ˰ɣҾ㶺͸һʮĶ
׿ܰѿˢˣҲ¶ıóѵֹЦ
㡭ᣬҲֻгԲѵĺıˡ
Ʒ˸ҪŭЩʶ嶯֮ԼкڲΪ˸һӻôǮ ·һ㡣
ȻǼǮǮҲܹôɣ
ǰɣ
׸ڴˣܺʲôƷ˾Ȼ͵Ҫ˵Ц
𣿡ЩЦЦĿס
һʼΪһǴҵģôҲû뵽ļ仰Ĵӡ
΢΢һЦ֪ղҼм洫
ҡҡͷԲǼҲ
հˡ
Ҳʼ磬Ȼ˼ҲգҲûκεİ취
ƷǴᣬЦӴЩ˶ϴĶΪˣɪأϹҽǿŶ
һԵ㳿Щ㲻һﵽôģֻܹһԿţܸо׺һֱûгԿ
ţ
ÿ˿ףҲ˵ԭ׼뿪׺㳿ܺͻƷҲפ㡣
£΢΢̧ͷһ۰á
Цŵղ˵洫ģ
ֲգ洫Ĳ洫ĸܺҲûʲôϵɣҵĴʡ
¶һ˿΢ЦȻ߲գҲûбҪ˷ʱˡ
ǲգҼ⣬ұҲһ鱦ʦ¶һ˿ŵЦݡ
ʲôϵ׷ʵ
õЦ˲̣ûһˤڵأһԴװʲô
Ȼ˵ĻԼⲻΪ˰һ£ֹƭ
ΪղɰԼҵĻ»ûйȥ
ʲôνϴʵһ㶼ǳɫߵģżһЩ۵Ҳϡƽĺܡ
һԵ㳿̵ף㲻ܰһǲʡĳȥƭ˰
⵹ҲǣܡҲЦղһʱûзӦ
þ쿴׵ҰҿҪȡӶģ
ʲôӶ𣿡ƵĿŰõ
ЦеĿ׵ãһǧɣ
ԭֻǶףҪ֪ʲôʯʱ۸ҲߣһǧӶǺġ




015洫֮񣬺ηʥ
 

Ӷ𰡣ǻ˰ɣ
ҲûֱӾܾˣԼղſǰһæѾȻҪӶ
ֱһѪĸоļʦһɶǰƷļ۸ȡӶġ
Ҫ֪һöӶҲ뵱ģǿڸղСӰԼķϵĻҲðСӿˡ
ðղҾ͸˵ˣЩѧʲôöҪһǧǮҪǵ𣿹
Ʒһпյͷһ׺㳿ҪȻһĳȥ
˵ڽУ
׺һֱ̫ùߣȫ綼Ǯ˻զΣ
ԭ鱾ԼϹɫܲסԼͷӣ㳿ϣʲô  Сӣ˵һΣƷһ׾Ȼ˵Լṉ̀Q
˵ʲôйϵԼԺ
׿һۻƷˣг˱ĵϢ˵ǲв  ú㳿ڱЦСӻЩ
Ʒɫѿ˼㣬Ѿ¶Ҫ׺㳿Цˡ
һԵ㳿ŰõܣһǧǮҳвУͰ׿洫嵽ס
ߣŮϣǿӦ˰ɣ
Ҳĸ֮ˣһβӣ˵ʵڻҲĺܡ
ƲƲ죬㳿е˹Ȼݸ˰á
һ㳿̵֮ͨʱ۾ѾǷˡ
̡ͨϸˮԼʧ
૵˵ȻǱǰסˣ۾һգգĶʯ
û뵽ϾȻ˵񣬻䣡
ĻûôĹأȻļ۸Ǿ൱ĸ߰ˡ
ôһ䣬ҳɫôĺã൱ĺġ
ü൱Ķ࣬һֱǰĸ̡
ĸǷǳ˷ѣҪ֪ĸ̵ии
ȴĸ̵ĻһĴҪ˫Ĳϡ
ǮҲûмôģ  Ȼоĸ̣ôһ˿˿Ļɣܿ˴񷻵ĺ̨
㳿˿׵ܸɶȥ˰
֪ѵ
ҲЩƣʵ֪ⶫʲôϾԼûмʶѲҲûмʶ  ⶫɽ֮ȻûҲɽƷĶôӦҲȥɣ  ֻ֪׽絽û۸񵽵Ƕ٣
һԵĻƷɫһֱǳѿȻĺܣǸԼϹվһԣƺҪȴЦĳ֡
׺㳿ˣǵһ˵Цѡ
ý˺̨Լʼ۲ͼţʵһʼʱоЩһˡ
ԽԽ˷ܣǴ˵еĸ̰ĶȫҲǷǳޡ
⻹һ壬ǣһϾǴ󸻴˼ңҪȻôôõĶأ  ҲҿԼҪһҪȻôõĶõ˿ˣǻˣ  ûм˳ԿԿó˿׵ʱ򣬸оǷǳСĵġ
ܣֵֵǮ
㳿ͦΪѺģϾ׵˽ʲôҲûУѧѾ˵ûд롣
һʺƵĻǶ׵Ҳһǳջˡ
òδش㳿Ļ׵ⶫ洫ģ
ϻ洫ģѲ洫ģû˵
ʱİһҲЦŵⲻһ
ƺҲıˣԭһֱ㣬ڸĳˡ
׿Űõı仯ЩĿŰõ˵¡
ղ㲻˵Ҫ𣿡ЦʵڻԸԸ֣
ǣ㻹ǸЦղղԼ˵յġʲô˼׿˿õ
ЦŵһȻǲգĳɫǲҲһЩղصİã֪ܷ
һԵĻƷ˿Űóܣ˸ɶ
΢΢һЦȻôֵǮɫǲȥоо
Ǯ׿ŰʵĵľǼ۸
ôЦʵ
򣿣ôֵǮ
㳿Ҳһ֪øȻôǮ
Ϊʲô򣿣͸ҲҪƷЦһ
׿һۻƷЦ͸㣿Ϊ˶һǸɵ𣿰ܣҿһǵȥɣ
ʮΣ
ҧҧףһӷʮƺں
ԭһԸҪ׵ĻƷˣıõı۸һ
һӾͷʮ




016·ļ۸
 

񷻣ôˣЩԱʲôܷ򸾵ĿȫǱøסˡ
ղŰ˵˸ʵϾΪһףҪ֪ϵⶫ൱ֵǮġ
ҪܹסĻôԺڰ׼ҵĵλ൱ȹˡ
ֻڶ˵ǰף֪һﵽ׶
һǳľԼȻȻ֪ң  ȥ˴õĻǱߵ˾Բ֪ܲⶫļֵʱܵĻǵʱʲôأ  ҪȥãһӰѱʮʮļֵ൱Ĳġ
㳿һԱõı۸Ūһһ㶵ģղʱ;൱Ĳˡ
˵һȥãⱨһӾʮ
ɵҲóǲȥˡ
ܣǼ۵ķЩϰ߰
Щ뿪ЦĿŰãʵȻ֪ⶫļ۸񣬵  ղŴӰöԼĳƺͶԼǿı̶ԲǼǮ顣
ǸղԼ˵һҪȥãļ۸ʮȻ滹кܴĿռ䡣
ղ̽Եıۣⶫ˲𣿡΢΢һЦҲ졣
Цŵܣղ˵ҪֻøѣңҪ⣬ô

ҲЩȻղҲЩ̫һʱЩļˡ
ڰܹ⵽ʲô˰ɣֱڵǸүһ㡣
⡭ǡĸ̣
˵ֲ˵˵ԭһ֪ļֵԼõͼˡ
Ϊ鱦ʦְҵأòʵʵĸ˼ҡ
ĸ̣
һԵĻܺͻƷ˶һȻʲôû̫оҲû˵
ĸ̵ļ۸ǺŵģֲöղŰǸӣҪñ˲ֱҪðײ˼Ȼ׬ȡ۰
ߣ
ܸϽԼ뿪˴񷻣ղЦ˼ᣬ˼ѾҪũūѸ質ˡ
һ˼ʲô߼ۣղԼô˵ģʱ˿Ҳôǡ
ЩĶӵĻܷ򸾣ײδ⣬С㲻ʲô
㳿ЩȵʵĸôֵǮʮ򰡣
ĵҪһŮðڿԼѾѶŪˣ
Ҳ֪ڿ²̫ˣ  ֪ܷ񵽺һ𣿡ҿ˿ʵ
׵ͷ㳿Ű˴񷻵ĺ̨̨ʵϾǰõİ칫ң滷Ҳ൱ϵΰ
ûˣܣǾʹ촰˵ɣ׿ŰЦŵ
ǲʶˣĪϷСŮõֱĿס
Щε˵Ϸ˵ЦˣҪġֻǰܡ
˭Ҫ߼۳ͼ۽óȻʶ֮ˣԼ۰ɣ
ֲ֪顭ʼҪ֪Ļһ
ȷóʵ
ǵȻ
ȻҪˣΪһ׼ˣѲɻÿǮǻ̫ˡ
Ȼ׽磬ȻҲҪԼߵĺһЩ
飬׻ڿǣԼ϶ûУѧѶղ룬ȻԸԼôˡ
ˣȻҲҪ׬ǮҸѡ񣬵һԵг۰ٷ֮ʮչڶҰȡٷ֮ʮӶ𡣡
Ҳûа취뾡һа취׬ǮΪڼ̳˽Ŀ˻¾Ҫˡ
г۰ٷ֮ʮǶ٣ʵ
ǧ򣡡ó֪۸ĵˣʱǱҲɵӡ
һܹ׬򣬶˵ҲһʲƵ밡  
㳿ȵվ۸ʱһɵһǱߡ
ǧʲôû뵽һС񣬾Ȼܹ˵ۡ
ôƺǳĵȻ
ÿ׸ɫҲǳһԭС֪ⶫļ۸
˼һµɣٹиᣬҰⶫȥҹż۸Բǧпĳһۣ
УǶͷ׼ɣҵѺˣν˵
ÿЩЦЦ˵ͲҰĶ˽ˣûκЭŶ
㲻ġ
ʵֻԼѣⶫ˭ϣûˡ




017ִ󸻺
 

ÿףҲ΢΢ɿ
Ҳ̸񷻺ʹ֮ľ൱ļңͳĸ̵ĻǼֵҲ൱Ĳ
ڴ񷻵չʾܹĶĻʱҲźܴá
ȻײԸԼĻôֻܹ˶εȥˡ
ʱԼҲõһʲƵӶڰ˵ֶΪأ
ҪٵѺ𣿡
ÿף˵һЩ͸˵һǸǮ˵Ļֲ
һ˵ûǮĻóһȻֵǧ
ĶȻԼ·ڴͳˣֱǱﰡ
㿴Žo£Ҳ٣ҲӶ࡭Цŵ
΢΢һЦתˣ
ܣпûأôתأЩƵ˵
ЩȵĿ׵Ұ֤еİɣ
У
˵״Լͳһ֤֤ʱµĺܣҲԼ֤ҪȻĳ˺ڻˡ
ܿ죬֤ͳȥȻһеԱ֮󣬺ܿĸ˵ӣȻһп
ĴָܵЧʿǲ
΢΢һ̾㳡ÿһжרŵķԱϾĿͻǴͻԵĻһЩ⣬ҲԻɡ
Ǯأ׿Űúֱӵʵ
ðһ׵ѾתĿˣڵ㿨ŵλʲôʱҪĻʲôʱġȥһ¥ATMȥѯһ£ת˰˰Ŀϡ
˰򣿣Ҳû뵽һӻתôǮԼ
΢΢һЦ⻹ö㣬ҪȻڻòôǮ㡣
˵ȻǻƷ˵飬˵ˣþԼ׻Ǻˡ
ǲ׵ľȻ˽ŰĻȻȻŵһöֵǵĸ̡
ĸٿԼ׬ȡӶ׵ҵ˵žԵĺôİ
׿ŰҲЦֻʣһԵ㳿ĿɿڴĿס
ҡһͳΪǧ򼶱ĸˣ  㳿ڻһ㣬һôһССǮأ
ֻͿѾԱ÷ˣѾˣʱϵ㣡黹൱ϸĵġ
һҲ˵УҾͲˣ
ҲһˣȻĲʲôúܶ˱Ѿ൱Ĳˡ
㳿ҲǿܼҵƷˡ
ӵʱԭӦ㳿ģɺȻ׸ˡ
СģһﻹһǮ֣һӾͻ˽ʮ
ԼͷŵĻһװ㳿ҲǴͷ򵽽ţ˵ûôˬ
ףǮҲôɣ˵ˣǮģôණҡҺôϻϰء
㳿ҲЩ̫˼ˣϾ˵˹Ӷס
һǮûи˼أ˼Ѿ˲֪Ǯˡ
ҪĻ˼һݵĽԼ鷳Լû˺֮ǡ
˵Ҫм˿¾ˡ
ҽ鷳ǽ˰ɣҲûжĹϵˣ𣿡Цŵ
ǰִ󸻺𣿡㳿ĻЩССʧ䡣
Ǯ˺ʲôϵֻҪѣҵȻ˰׹һֵ
㳿ЦŵԺҲܹմմء
㳿
Щ֣µĿ㳿⻹һκ㳿
һڣһԵ㳿Ūɫͨ죬ǵȷ黹ûеزء
㡭㳿һҲ֪׵Ҫʲô
ЦŵҪȻǺϿһ˽ô
˽ڿĲ˽𣿡
㳿ȥɬЩ˵ԼĲ˽  ԼνڿҲϰɣ
֪㿪˽뿪ǽȫȫõ˽׶㳿Լ뷨Ѿͷõء
Ȼ㳿ҲԵ֣Ϊʲôúõĺһأ
ȻˣҪĻ׾㳿Ʒ涼ټǸŮһ˼˼ء
ǺǣΪʲôõ˽ǮҪĻǿҽûҽǮܹô㳿Ц
׵뷨Щ棬ҽǮܹġ
˵иǧ˰ģиʮڣ˵һõ˽ǲܵġ
ӵΪҽУЩ쿪ˡ




018ͽһ
 

ѧҽİɣ
׿㳿ʵʵĿǰʵʲôҽβأ
Щν֢ǰûκεѣȻˣҪһ㳿츳
Լ̫幬ּһ⿿Լһ˾ǲеġ
ǰ㳿ÿΪԼĵһŮӡ
һȻܹ˵ֻһԽϺõ㡣
ҽҶѧҪҽΪɡ㳿ЦŵҽҲǲֻǺܶڲҽ˶ѡ
ԸԸѧϰҽ
㳡ͥϢ׺㳿˾Ǳš
㳿ЩĿ׵ҽĶʵҽҪ࣬ҪĻһ֮ͨˣֻϧҽʦĿǰԽԽˣѲ㡭
˵ʵٴĿǰһԼľϲ൱Ķġ
ʵȷ൱ǿ֮ǰŴӵʱֳĹҺ򶨣ҽĶ岻ѡ
ѲĻҽǸʦҽأ㳿Щ㲻׵Ҫʲô˼
׿㳿˵ܹΪһҽԸԸ⣿
ȻԸ˰㳿Цŵ˵Ұôᡭ
㳿ףʵҽѧ署ľôѧٺܹôأ
Ȼ˵ҽУ˵ʵϵëҿܹ֪
ͣ
㳿һ˵Ļͷţʵ̫ˣ˵ˣʲôëأ  С
׵Ķյĺܽ㳿Ķ˵˼֡
һʱ䣬㳿˴쵽ӸҪܾжܣһŵĿס
ô˽ܵ⣬ųԼΪҪõĹ֮⣬û֪ġ
ȻԼҽЩҲΪͱԼʹ
û뵽һﾹȻһ۾ͿˣⶫҲԲɵô׼ȷġ
㡭ô֪ģ㳿ɫ쵽˼㣬ܹѪ
εգ֮֮ǰͬһһҪΣϾ㳿Ƿǳص顣
˵ܹƺõ㻹Ҳ𣿡΢΢һЦ
㳿Щ˵㡭㵽Ļҽɵİ
㵹һҿװһ㳿
㳿ڻЩˣĶĻô֪Լʹأ  ˵һʼǺЦĻɿһ׵ӣԲЦ
ԭ㾹Ȼҽһûпֲ֮ǰŴӡ㳿ЩȻ˵
Ҵʦҽ˼ҵҽԱڵЩνҽҪ߳ܶ࣬ڵһЩ֢֮ʦҲϣġ
һӱ׳һ˵նղϸĹ۲㳿ȵķ椾Ȼˮľ˫
νǿǼΪҪģ˫ѾǱȽϺˣ˵ż֡
ǴʵЩ̬֮⣬˫ԵʵѰ١
׿㳿֮ӼᶨԼ뷨ȻˣҪѭ򽥽
ļٵİܲѧ
Ȼ㳿ϹˣҪ֪һҽܹ֢ϣ൱еġ
ѧȻǿѧˣֻ׹˸ӵ
ʲô˵㳿ЩĿʵ
׳ʦ˵ˣҪѧϰҽˣһִСҽиңҪеĻֻܹһˡ
ǡܰΪʦ𣿡㳿Ҳɵӣһ׵Ļ
һµȿȡİʦҪеİɣ
ʦϣͽ㳿һݡ
˵꣬㳿ĵźܶ˵澹ȻҪ׵ĸǰ£⵹׵һ졣
Ͻ㳿Ȼ󼱴Ҵҵ뿪˵㳡ĿĵҲǴﵽˡ
㳿ڶԼ̬Ȼ൱Ĳͽĸо൱ĲԺ󿴵ʲˣҲЩͽܰ
㳿ףνǸıԼһˣЩ齲ľԵ֡
ô˵㳿׵ͽˣһ㳿Լһסзݵˡ
еһڸ㳿Ȿɽ繦ҽѧ顣
ֻǶ㳿˵ûиʱ䣬Ҫſ¶¡
ײżҪ֪㳿Ϥ׹֮ʵҲĿʼֳ
ȵһ̶ȵʱʱȻ⿪ţһлѭ򽥽ıȽϺá
ʱҲԵͻأ
Դ׸㳿Ǳ֮ǰ֣һصҲϾɱˡ




019ܸܲ˫ӣ
 

㳿
׺㳿ʱѾʮ֣㳿Ѿڡ֮С
Ҫ֪ɽǿ֮һֻĿǰ㳿˵ⶫһҽѡ
ʱգ¾ͻᷢкܶĲ֮ͬǸʱ͸¶һЩ࣬Ҳˮɵˡ
ϻ￪ֻһͷ㳿Ѿܲɷˡ
ʦͽ֮飬ǰε˩һ
ҲڲϵоĶֱһƶֿⰡ
ǽӿռ䣬ӵء
˵νԴòֻڵûκεĸо
һߣ㳿һֱǱоԽоԽԼѧʶ΢
Ŀǰٿȷһ㣬׵ȷ˸ˡ
ⱾҽѧҪܹڻͨĻ㳿üνİ֢ҲĿԵġ
Ȿҽ澭оҲһʼ׶Σʵ֪ǣʵɵԭʼ׶Ρ
㳿ϥǱѧĶҲǻһЦ
һεڤûиǲġ
ڵɣҲܸԤֻеȵ㳿֮󣬵ʱŻḨԵҩԼʵ
һ𣡣  üͷ΢壬ǸŮ̾С椻ǹˡ
ſ֮бԴŽഺͬ־£
ףǹ˶°˵˽Էģ㲻˰ɣ΢΢һЦ
׵ҺûдӦɣ
ǲŮѲⰡĴ۾Ŀ׼Ҹ˵ȥ
ˣҸȥ𣿲ٷ֮ظҸҸ裡
ƺǳҪޣ˵ڻĶԾЩð
ȻˣҪ㳿ڸոս״̬ʱȥŵĻȻǲõġ
ĿǣҲ͸׼ˡ
Һûеɣϳɣ
һµSUVĿǰĹˮƽġ
Ƥ
ڵķҲǳĸߵѳ
˵ʵô׻ûôߵĲһͣǴϻͷһء
Եʲôÿ
֮ƺĶǳϤһ쾹ȻôҲ൱Ĳס
׿ԵˣҲûֵط

ЦȻû뵽׾Ȼĵطû
׿Ƶ˵ЦʲôûҲϼũģҪһιѧ۶ûгسǡ
װɡ
Щţһ·ҲǼ۸񲻷ơ
Ȼô˵ܿ׵һţţȻֵһЩСԡ
ϵĵ棬׵ǾЩ鷳һԵķԱЦŵܸܲ˫ӣ
ӣ
ԱЩҪʵĸо߹ʱˣû˵Ҫӵġ
ףҪ˸ЦզΣҲֲЦƺˡ
Էÿ𣿡
⻹ǲ֪⵶˵ģõ滹ÿķ㡣
ϾһֱõĶ⵶ԼһҲûùõĲԵĻǲǱЦ
ⲻЦ
ҪӵĻǿԸȥһ
ȷǸߵʵһжΪ˵Ҫġ
˼ҿ˵ҪӣǾṩӣⶫֲ򲻵ģ¥²ԶĵطǳУʲôûأ
ֻղԱʵǱ׸ŪסˣҲǷӦˡ
׵ͷУ͸ȥһӰɣ
û뵽һﾹȻôĴȣԸͻÿӣ  ֮ǰôûз㾹ȻôɰءֵĵϷףȥǱ׸ˡ
ɰ
׵һߣȻһ˱˵ɰ⻹Ƶĺܡ
һϵĵ绰
˵ĵ绰ܵüǽ
ι
൱Ĳã˵ȥҲǷǳĲͷ
أһ
ʲôϵ
գҶ׼ˣڸǣͦġ
سɸգңЩһʵ
ôܸأֲǲ֪ƤϰѡİسɸմЦ
ҹأ㲻Ҫˣ
˵꣬Ѿǹ˵绰ĳɫ൱ѿ
Ȼ绰ˣð׵ǲ廰Ǳƹ췹ġ




020
 

Ƥ  ɫ쳣ѿȻ˵˲ðسɸչ֪һǸƤҩһ㡣
֪Ͳطˡ
֮ǰʱû뵽һ磬׳Էѡ񵵴θһЩĵطԵг⡣
طǰسɸյһѿģⲻûȤ
׿ɱ˰ɣ˰
ƨ
ǻָԼԭıɫԭԸ൱Ļ𱬡
ʼѣ㷢ʲôѲ׷ߣ
Ҳգˣǳǵģ˸ҲûκεĹϵ
ʵûʲô˼£ԭõһٷһĵ绰ŪķĲˬ
ϽԷ߰ɣҲ֮С
Ÿչӵʱ䣬Ϳһȥŵһʻ߽Ƥ
̧ͷ˿ȴ˵ĿĶԼ
ͷһǸոջָ
տ֣
˵˾ǸղŴ绰İسɸգ˿ʿĽʻݸ
лл
Ȼ˵ллȴѸõֵĻֱһԵϡ
سɸЦЦղһ°˵ȥԷˡ
绰ʲôͷ˵ҹոҲûʲôϵɣ
ֻᶼ𣿣سɸɫ΢΢һ䣬ܿҲǻָ
һԵ׳Ÿţţ˿سɸյĶԻ
˼ҳԷء
һףһﾹȻǱ̵߳ģҲЩһ
λǣ
سɸտһףźԵĵ⣬Ҫ֪׷Ѿˡ
ʱ䣬һʼֱܵӵľܾðسɸ͸Խ
ͻȻֵףðسɸһΣУ
̧ͷ˿׼˵һԵ̵سɸգ̸Ҳйϵף
ѣسɸԭȻݴ˿ֱ̱䣬ȶһʵʲôʱĶô֪Ļ˺ܶ࣬ɲҪһƭˣ
ԭ廰һô˵Щˡ
ԼǱ߳ԷɶҲ˵ôͳ˻أ  Ȼ˵Ҳ̫ϲԼϲ˵ڮ
Ҫ֪Ͳʶһƾʲô˵Լǻأ  ˲Ů˲ô򵥵ĵû˵𣿡װһ۰سɸգ͵ʾˡ
Сӣ֪˭𣿡سɸŭ죬ôû˸ô˵
ΪĻİˣ
سɸգҲмǮΪ˭ϡƾʲôô˵
Ҳŭֻոʱһơ
ɾǵưسɸ֪ɣȻ֪Ӧеİɣ  Ȼô˵ԼһѵĻıһƻˣ
سɸճǶ㸺𣡣ˣ尢ҲͬİɣҴС÷һ𳤴ģ˵ҰسɸȲ
ЦһΪȥ𣿣
ҲܹΪȥسɸ˵ҲǲԣΪ϶׵Ļѡ
еˣǶǴţĸ֣˵ůĵĻ˭أ  ߣسɸգһ֪ʲôǺãԸΪȥĻʹ¥ȥ
۾ǰİسɸգȻƤ¥㲢ߣҲ¥ô߲  ȥǲҲǸзϣ  سɸտʵǲȥʹӦҵŮˣ
ǣ
һᣬƶسɸղȥ
سɸߵ˴ϣ˿̺ܶѾΧſ֣ȻǸߵԵ̬ȴһֱûб䡣
ɸգɵ
ڰسɸԥ֮ʣһ˹ƤϰģҲǰسɸյѡ
ҡ
سɸҪ˵Щʲôûȥ
ۿŰسɸյǾ͸Ͻߣ
ҳҲһ͸ˣҪĻھߣسɸԼȻҲˡ
ͬҲ
һԿ׵С㣬ɸն֪
Ҫˣǹؼʱ̸ڱҵˣղĻΪɵȥֻϧң
͸سɸɫҲǼ
һԵҲС㣬ǲǼ֤һСӶİǼأ
һʱҲЩﻢ£ղҪΪ˱Ȱسɸߡ
֪ᷢչһزأ˵ˣһ˼׳Է˼ƾʲôҪȥأ




021һĶע
 

һʱͨ죬Ȼȥ
˵ĿˢˢĶףǱ߳ţţ·ûκεĹϵ
ȻղŰسɸ˵Щ׿ҲЩĵµµġ
ղҲССĴ̼һЩ˵֮һ²ؼ߸߹ˡ
ҲԸã˵ĹؼʱΪȥ𣿡سɸղмĿŴڴڳţŵס
ԼѾӣһﾹȻԵȥ  ˵Լս  ȻسɸվڴţҪһɵסԼ
Цһ˰Ϊĸȥ𣿳ɸգС㣬ҾӦúúõ̸һ̸ڴֵ֮ͥô죬ϾǶݵˣ
һ֮׸ûκεݣʲôʸһأ
ֺֺЦһԼ鷳Ϊһͦˡ
һﷴãǱߺһ㣬䲻Ĵ̼һ°سɸ֮ûˡ
ּ׼ʱƺˡ
˲ȻҪǸҴȥΣ
ݣ
һ̣׵һһпôľζ
سɸЦһ㣿
ҾˣҴطȥֵΣ׵ֱĿŰسɸգ˲
سɸնͷ֮ðһ˿ϸһʱ䶼֪ôźˡ
һһҪȥĻǲԵԼ  תһ룬һҲզ¥ȥʮ׸ߣ൱ͨ¥㵽ĸˡ
ʮ׸ߵĵطȥҲǸзˣ  һԵĿŰسɸʱȻһòҲЩе˵㲻ֵΣ
Ȼ뿪С㣬ҸĻǡ˵ŰػǱ߿Ц
ҪǸȥĻ뿪سɸճ
У㵱ǰ׳հС𣿻뿪С㣬Ҳվӡ
˵Ҫжһſ϶ܴ̼ġ
һԵȴ֮һ㣬ʵǱسɸһŪĲʤ䷳ˡ
ô
سɸɫѿĺܣС˵һʱߣȵľ˵ȡ
ʱøһ㣬ʱԼӵûлᡣ
ĻԼݺݵһ٣
ô׳Χ˿΢΢һЦҾܲ
㡭
۾һɣСӻĺڰȻԼ⡣
Ҫ֪ѪܹĲҲ൱Ĳ׵İ
˵ģһ׬ǧһĨһ˿⡣
سɸտһĵģˣ
ɸգϵ
ĸоЩ̫ԾһʱҲ֪ﲻԾ
ϾһҪõĻȥǲܵġ
һͨ˴طȥǸмŪþǸ  سɸЦһģ㵱ֵܣֵܵĻתң
áðɡ
ĵЩͳƤǸѪ˵ĳɾͰ
СӣӸˣֻҪȥھȥ㣬㲻Ļǿɲ뿪ôˣ
سɸҲɵӣޱģҪŪһ
ȥһˣԼǲˣ  ĻҲǸмʱῴһм  ôСӿ϶ǲڳΪԼĶˣ  ⻹һ㣬СӲȥĻǵʱǸ˵ʱˡ
ȥˣƤˡ㵽ʱ򲻸뿪ͬʱ޳򹤶ʮ꣡
ŭһسɸգô
سɸմ˿Ҳŭ죬ҵģ
׳ҿ˿΢΢һЦˬ죡ô࣬Ҳ֤ȻˣҪ˵㻰ĻҲûа취
˵㻰㲻ɣسɸ
һԿһף˲֪ΪʲôһֲԤУ
ף㲻ҪӦҪĴطȥĻ֪ʲô𣿡ЩеĿ׵
ҲղŲ˵ܲ𣿡׷·ҪǮҪĶͽһ㡣
ܶһԶ΢΢ҡͷϾȻãҲҪȥðɣ  ȥˤˣʱôܻأ  ⱾûκεķЧӦʱһҲͲ֮ˡ




022һ
 

Ƥ
ԭԷˣʼˣܶƺʶسɸպĵˡ
һЩ˲ϵĴкǿ֣һʱһֵĺõط
׺վһԣʱеĺܣЩⲻ˵ĸо
ˣȻǺ£ʱһ˵ĲӬ
Ҫ׵İȫɣһĳʲô飬Լô˼Ůѽ  һʼȷǶ׸ȤʵϣǸӵĸȤ
ͬʱҲʵ̫һЩ¥Σ飬ôȥ
㲻׼
ƺ¥Ĵ㣬뵽֮ǰ㳿ʱһһ첻µزµӡ
ܵľһ϶ǻģˣԼ»׷Ī
ֻҪԼͬ⣬سɸҲ׷ԼĲ  ׹һӣһ԰ؼҵسɸվǱժһɶ  ˵ŮΪΪʳبŲĵοȥҲһ°ɣ
⻰˵˶ôǸӣʵôǸأ  û꣬ô  ǲ
سɸЩͷں޲һŰȥ
׿һ۰سɸգȻҪģҾӦŪǩһݺͬʱȥˣֲңǿˣ
ͬҵȥŪͬسɸոоǰСĥĥģЦһ
ûкͬûа취ˣ׵Ҳͦģǳ׼˰سɸСӷǳԼȥ
̾һתЭ飬ںͬڼһˣ
ģϽùȥӡһ¡سɸ̵
ܿ죬ľó˺ͬ˵ļ֤°سɸպ׶Լӡ

سɸտЦһڲһǲ˵кôġ
һƤǰؼ˵ʲô  ˵ҪƤĻԲһüͷġ
վĵطϣȺкȻóһ
˿̣жǺ˵ŵһˣô϶Ҫˡ
ֻһǹˣ  ȻΪһҪȥ¥¥ô  ԼĴȥĻҲˤɸмοһͨأ  Ҫ֪ǾУصǸ񶷻Ķǰ
ĳŴ˹ȥܿ˴̨棬ʵһʼ׼ֱӳȥġ
ʵЩ̫ţȻҪģµĸͨ˸ӵһЩ
ף߰ɣҪˡ
˴̨˰״ڵ˵ֻϣܹƽƽġ

Ⱥһ˵ĺһ˶û׼õʱֱ£  飡  žĵϴһĳײ
ȥ֮ڿлһתĶȻֱ˫ŵأ
ȵȺ̨ܵ¿ʱȴһľ
Ȼö˶˵վԭأƺûܵκε˺Χü˳Ƥ¥Ͽȥ
ƺҪΪʲôȻи˾ʹˤˡ
ЩƵĳ¥ȥ׺ö˶˵վڵϵʱһеĳȥס
֮£
ԭ׼οһһӸоԼ֧һС񣬰ǰһη
˷·׹ƶһ㣬Ů˻ϰ  ׵ЩţںŮָо  ˿ڿسɸպһǵɫѾѿ˼㣡  һﲻ·ư  سɸտ׺ö˶˵վǱߣһʱһ˷۱ǿҵĴܸУ
ɸգСӡ
ĵγ˴O֣СӾȻû£û  һ˴ôߵĵطȻһ鶼ûУ˸ҲһЩ
ģСӵǲ˰سɸҲǵɴ۾ǰһС
ȻԼҲû뵽ᷢչһ
ļ˵ŮϷݵЩ˰
㡭ߡ
Ҳɫͨ죬û£һеѹͷ˳
ֻԼ׵ĶʵЩ̫Źۣһﵽôģ  ЩɵĿףҲһﵽΪʲôôߵĵطˤȻһ鶼ûУ  ܣ㲻Ѹղŵĺͬ˺˰ɣҪǲʵҲν
׿׼һһӵģô˵ڴ̼Űسɸա
سɸŭİѸղŵתЭˤ׵ĸǰȻĵģߣ




023¡ɨǡ
 

ʽ  ԭڲЩһϰת˲֮ͻˣԼûзӦĹ
һƤʱ൱á
ܺãҽкη壬Ҳĵ곤
һԼĪʮ΢΢ףƤĵ곤ʵϾǸˡ
ϰ壬ԼӪģֻûµʱ߶ѡ
Ӫվǰˣֽкη塣
ţһ˰ɣ߳ԷĿȫѣЦŵ
װ׵õһǸоǳĲ
һԵҲϲЦտЩNɪӣҲЦŵNɪġ
ηЦŵͷϰ壬İ칫ڶ㣬ҪҪȥ
״ߵ˶㣬ĵλþ൱Ĳ
ϰ壬ԺʲôܷԸҾˡη
ЦŵÿԱĹӰٷ֮ʮҲΪϰĸɣϺΰһֱ㾭Ӫİɣ
ллϰ塣֮ǰҲҰġηЩεһЦ
׵ν˵ţͺˣúõĻ׿϶ǵĺôġ
˵ûҵʵҲνֻղҲǿسɸպ˶ѡ
ֻҲû뵽سɸܼӾȻóһҲģСӵҲһ嶯͵
η˵䣬Ȼȥˡ
Цŵ㻹ǲô㶼
ģСġЦŵ˵ҲûκεʧֲҵŮѣ
֮ǰˣһҪʲôĻŮѻɱң
Ůѣ˵ҽɣͽܡЦŵ
ͽܣļٵİЩȵĿףţһܽ˼ʲô
ôˣ׿Цŵ
һЦôܽ˼ʲô
ҽȻҽ˰׵Ҳһ㶼ǫ飬Ҳʲô˵顣
㣿˼ҽҿƭ˼Ůӵİɣҽƴѧҵ
һ㶼ţһҽôҲ񰡣  һûϴѧأⲻмͿѧʵЩᡣ

Щȵ죬һﾹȻûϴѧأ
˵С㣬һôһһէİˡ
Ҳε˵û뵽㾹ȻôᣬһΪѾء
ЦЦ˼ҳ£
ûĻҽ
ֵĿһףȻ˼Ҫǹ˼άôá
׵˵ֲţҲ˵ɣңҲ֪ôشˡ
ܿʲôʵ
ʲôܿһҽҾûʲôϵˣװ뿪Ц˵
ʵβõĲĻǻҲûκεĿԺˡ
  ɽǿĶҩ͹Ľ壬Ȼǿսɱ֮һɽǿǲˡ
һѡҪ˵ЦŵС㣬òǺ죿
㡭С
оԼһЩûƢˣԼֹһεҲˣǰԼͲԼˡ
Ҫ֪ԼǰǿɶǸӲģ
Ĳ죬˵ʵ٣ҳֺ֪֮⣬һ֪
׵ҲҪ椻ޣܾúô¡
Ƶ˵ǰѣ˰ɣ˵һôôСأ
׿ЦһСһҺˣ˵С˵ΣһβһҪҺ鸣ĻѾүкˡ
׿ɡɨǡˣ  ߡ
һ뻹ô£ֲһҪԼ
׿ЩЦŵôˣ
Ҳ֪ôˣһ׶Ǹо޹ʵͷĿѣҲ֪ôˣ˺ܶҽ֪ô£
ҲǷֵػģ˵׻ûбʲôϣҪ֪׻ҽĻҲῪڡ
Ѱ˼ͽܿһ˽ҪȻ׿ʵ
У˽Ǹ㳿ɣʵ
ȻǣڽһطʱͽܾӪǲ֪׶ڽϤ
ЦŵҪǰκõĻҸط㿪˵Ƿַӵġ
׵ͷʱĵ绰Ȼûп绰Ѿ֪绰˭ġ
Ͼֻֻ֪һǾǰã㳿ûüĵ绰롣




024Ķĳ
 

ƶã
ڽģùʮ㣬ǽĵرԵĽ֮һˡ
ԭǴһѵĲģõĵ绰̫ͻȻҲֻܹݻˡ
˸绰֮׼Ҵҵĸƶá
Ϊԭǰˣ⵹ЩоĪνỹܹǰ  ƶõһ¥ȴף׵һɲǣҲһ
ܣ⵽ô°׿ŰЦʵ
ÿ׵ʵԭģΪǸط飬ǰ˽ˡ
⻹ģҲƵĿŰá
Цŵɶеģ϶ȦˣҲϰˡǰҲûй顭
˳Ŷȥⶥİ൱Ĳݶֻɶܹӵȥ
ոսⶥĴſھվŰ˸źɫˣǾȻǹʵһҲܻ䡣
ÿһ˶ҪȽĵļ⣬ȷڵľ԰ȫ
㿪ʼ
׿ҲûмˣоӦòô쿪ʼġ
ÿ˿ߵ㿪ʼһһﶼǰ㡭
˵״ŮҲǰЩ˰ɣĵ㻹׷˷ۣ֪ĻԼҲҪôĸˡ
þףʶĺòãҴΪĺòã
Ҽ棿ЩɵĿŰõҲҪɣһ
У˳֮⣬ٵĺöء˵
ʲôö
׳΢˿߾Ȼж죬Ǹ˻١
ĳ  ֲðԼһҲҪ  ȻúٺһЦһ㶼ǰžٰһΣԴһƽʱûʱһ飬ʱþһ棬ûȤѣ
Ҳ̫Ǯ
Ҳǫ˵ڵʵʲôѵõ
ֻνĲ̫ǮҪΪ򶼲̫
򶼲ԼȥǱ˿Ц
ʹһ߿ɣҪã컹ܹջءõ۷Ź⣬ƺһ׷ǳĸȤ
ĴţЩζζˮζĻӣ˸оһֱϢ
á
ڴſ˵һᣬܶ˵ĿⶼŽ׺Ͱá
Ȼûʶģõͣ൱磬ûгѾ˸кˡ
ƣҲڰóŽкһŮЦŵ
á
ڰõĶ棬һʱУҲϵȵŮŰһĲм
س
õɫҲ൱ѿŶİس͸Լĳһ㡣
ҲǶǸŮ˿سôôϤأ
պһسɸյ˸һͨϾسŮӡ
հص˻ﷸ尡  Ӵû뵽һֱߵİ״С㾹ȻҲ̸֪ˣ֪λǣسĻдŷ˲̫
Цһʲôϵ
ߣִ͸ҲҪҲͰ״Ů۹ôߣܿˣس
ҪΪǰǸŮ˵Ļĺ޲ȥѾӡ
Ƿ鰡
֮ǰǸسɸһ£ֱ˸һ٣ѵûй˰  ҵȻûйϵˣ֪һΰ״С᲻ϴһ˹ƨɳȥ
سһ֣һԵļŮҲǸ
һƵŮЩŭ˵سģ
ƣҸõʲôϵԹԵһȥسЦһ
㡭
ɫһ죬Ů֮ôʻ
سȻˣǾͶ˵
õҲһŮкܵģŰسﲢδ˵ʲôݻҪʵж鷳

سһָһ𷢱۵Ӵ˹
ôˣ
ӽ˹ǰسѣ˵Ҳǹһż̳ˡ
ãȻҶ˹ҿǵɣٺ٣һεĶעҪһЩس
Ķ󣿣
ûЩ㣬еԭΪǼҵĴ񷻼ȫĲҵؼҳ˴֮⣬Ĳҵ
ǰسﾭӪĲҵ֮ľǷǳļҵģӴ񷻵ߡ࣬ٵѣʱ޿̲ʱȡ
˵ìȦ漸ǹܣӣԼõ˴֮鷳ǲϡ




025³ľ֣
 

ƶöڣȻʱ˲û٣Ѿ̡
سͰ֮ìֻܹǰõԳ˺֮⣬ƺҲûʲôİˡ
ҲЩѼϼܵĸоԼԭΪ˿Լǿ嵽ֵܹǮ
廹ûпʼͱСǸطˡ
ΪҪʲôأԭСƤҪǮ  ׳΢ܶûоѾǴΪĹۡ
õĴ֮һֱ͸ĸо
ҲΪĸоһȺб˺ӵĴĸֳطĻǾͲôˡ
ףвУÿ׵
һЦ˲˵ԼУٲҲ˵а
㡭åʱ򻹸ҿЦƵĺܣһھȻԼЦ
첻֪Щʲôʵײһظ֮ˣѧϰɼ֮⣬ҲԵʲôġ
˵ҲһɧУֻڰɧתΪɧˣ
ʼǮĵĲֻҪãܻ᲻ᶼô£ˮƽڸߣô
ҲǣǮľôļ̽ͷ˭Ҫ׵Ļǵʱ¾ǻᱻġҲס
úٺһЦڷǶһõĻ˲ˡ
ʵĻͦǵģ׿һС׵ģлûе
ȴ֪ľǲӵõģ
ãҲһ仰س￴ŰЦһڻ°òӦ
Լ½˹ڶĳ˹ά˹ʶģ˹ļ̳֮һӵʮԪۡ
Ⲣðس͵ģ˹Ļǰ˵Ķļ
һصذ˹Ϊľܹãܰá
ý˴а飬൱ĺýˡ
Ů˵齻ǵˣⲻ쾭
׶Ķ󣡣
òǲҶģǲ֪ĶĶĵ̫Ļ²ܹܵ˵ġ
ӴӴӴˣ˾֨سЦǳðһܵ˴̼
һ㣿ͬЦŰسѵ
ע޴Сÿÿ˷ⶥǧΣس¶һ˿䡣
ǧ򣿣
ŵһ£ǧ򵫶˵ҲһʲƵľ޿˰
Ҫ֪ۼҲͶʮҡ
һǧⲻҪ
һֶ棿سﳯһԵĽÿ˿˷ĴЦ
õԣƵý㣬ǧ򣬶㣡
õһҲʹǧҵֽ𣬱ϾֻǸᣬֻǹģûҪʲô
֮ǰسĶעһ㶼ڵģǧѾ൱ĺˡ
سĶļһ㣬ҲǷǳľӮں
ΪʲôҺͰسģǳ׼Ů˸ûеӶôġ
һΣȻҲû뵽Ů˾ȻҪô
һǧĳ룡
õڲסĲţǧĳ˵ѾǼˣ滹ǧǺƵǮ
س黨Цֻܲһְɣ
ǧ㹻ˣ˭Ӯ˭仹һأ⻰˵Լûʲô
˹һָOKǿʼɣ˷ʱ˷ѽǮ
׿˹һŵģҲЦһǰӦǸ֡
س˵ÿǧⶥʱû˿Ļң֤ԼƼĵġ
˶Χ֮ϣ
һһֵĶעҪỹҪʰʢǵһμ
Ȧ֮УҲִ̼Ͳ̼һĶľֻܹŴջҪ˵̼Ǿǲܵġ
ǳһǧĶľǿɾ൱Ĵ̼ˣϾ˭ҵǮҲǴġ
ǧһַⶥģƶõĶ㻹ûгֹ
Ȼֻǰ֣ڽĳΪ˼֮ìܵһ;ˡ
ס
ûЩģ׿ԿóѾͷ൱Ľţͬŵ˻һԵĺơ
ʱøҪԼȥģȴӲûȥ
׿˿˹ʲô
Ȼˣ
˹΢΢һЦȣԵĿسƣֵˡ
ô棿
ЩСһĿ˹װɵȣĲ֪еĹ
ܼ򵥣ƣڶſʼעÿμעǰļעڴСǾ͸ӵļˡ˹ʼŹ
ţһԵȻЦⲢӰס
ý㣬ᰡƵ˵
Ҳ̾һֻܹҽˡ




026ףӣĸ
 

ý㣬ôʶİǰɴû˵̸ƵЦŵ
Ƶ˵ϵһѣһһҪԸһˣ
ѰƵ
Ƶ˵ôܣˣǮһȥ֮취ոɡ
û£ôҲðسСռϷ硣Ƴ
ֻͰö׶һĪʧ䣬ϾһʲôҲǸ˹ڹ
ʲôѧľǾͼԽõƣȴܹ˵ˮ׼
ôͬ˳ըأܶʱҶĵľһ
ɫĶϣһһ׺˹  سзǳĵӸղǸʲô׵ıֱһСס
Ҫ˹ֱЦһ
һҲ˹䣬һΪ˿ӰãǴ˶ʹġ
ܹѰеļǧӮҲǽԼͷ֮ޡ
ʼ𣿡
ɹƶöӵصƸģκεһ
˹΢΢һЦʼɣ
ɹֿͬ˿ףײ˵ֻǳͷ
ܿ죬һһƺһŰƷ˵ϣղϴƵḶ́׿һ
ʵϼδ·Ѿ֪һˡ
ƣһAһK˹һ10һ8
ֻƣA˹һ10.  ˵ɣ˹΢΢һЦ
ЦŵһǧвУôƣ
ףһǧ򣿣ñ׵ľٶһȥһӾ˰  ߣһǧҸ㣡˹Цһʲôɲ
ƣһQ˹һ7˶ͬ
ֵ˵ˣٺ١˹ľս֪ԼӮĸʱȽϵĵ͡
Ҳôƣȫˡ˹Ҳһѣ
˵עһ֮⣬ʣ»ǧŰⶥҲֱӰѳȫȥˡ
ҪֹûüһǱһ൱ܡ
㵽׻᲻棿
˹׸ͷһҲЩգһǲǸӰ  ⻹ûпأֱӾˣ
ҪǲҪһĥĥĸʲô׶ĵʵһﲻҸ
һƷĻһʮʱĻᲩԼСˡ
㣬ĺ׼
Ȼǵһ棬Ȼ˶ΪǸͷ࣬Լȴһֱš
һƣǾԼơ
ĵù͸ġ
shit!!
˹һǹҵľȻƵİƸˡ
Ӯ˰ɣЩɵĿһԵĺɹ١
ɹҲǱ΢Цĳһǧһ򡣡
ܿ죬Ա˽ʽĳã׵ĸǰ
ʺˣ
سﲢ⣬һǧѣֻҪһѴƵĻǾˡ
׵󣬰úͺƶû뵽һﾹȻӮˣӮôĪ
ڶ֣׵һ6˹ǱһA
ڱ˹Цһһֵ˵ˣҲѧһ£һǧ򣡣
Ҳ̫ˣҲֱ˰ɣ
Ϸȫݼ  ھڱݣһھͿϲϹˡ
ڶ֣Ӯġ
һһAƷҲAԼ6.  ԼѾһ6ˣ̼˹ΪΨһҪ飡
úһûϵ治ԼǮ˼Ҳİ
һȻ˵Լ̫ֱȫˣƲӦ
˹Ҳסˣһ϶Ǹӣ  ôãûһһʲôƶ󰡣
سʿˮϾһһڵĶעӮǧȻģҲҪԼܺİ

˹ԭһ֣ȭʦʵ̫̫ˡ
Ū˹ҲЩãˣһȷǣһȫǲ棬ڸԼ
õˣϣľǱ˸һȻʵզأսȴ൱ĺ
س˹ƾѾˣһȫȨ
˹΢΢ͷȻת㣡
һӣĳڼ һǧϵĳѾǶѻɽ
ڶ־ѾⶥˣһڵĶľǳˣ  ףӡ
øղӮһǧһ£û뵽һﾹȻֱӰǧȫ˦ȥ




027´󱯴ϲ
 

˶ס˺Ƕڵȴźɹٵķơ
˵ÿһƶڴ̼˵࣬۶ߵˣһڵĶľֶ㹻ˡ
ʼһЦݣѹҲơ
ЩеĿףǸżҪˣٶһֵʱɶû˰
õƾͱһˣ  ׿˿õܣӮǶһһΣ
һһ룿ļٵģ
û뵽׾Ȼʱ˵Ļʲô˼  ȴûлûǮһǿĸӦÿԾĳǧϵļ۸񰡡
ֻ˼洫ĶΪԼͰسìܰ˼Ҹ˵ĻԼҲЩⲻȥ
ôһ̣ľǰ˱Ƚϵе
ΪŮѵˣҲȥӱ˵ȥ˵ġ
ЦŵһӮҲҲ׬һ𣿺Ǻǡ
㡭㻹Ĵĺܰ
ҲЩˣһﻹ밡ִ򷨲Źء
һԿ׵ֹӣϣӮŶ
ӮһA˹ЦһһAѾ㹻ˡ
ѷƶϵƷֱ6678678еһš
˹һ׵ƣЦ˹Ѿûˣԣҿûôĺã
һƣҲʼһƣƳײûκ֪
ֻԲܹӮҲԡһʧĿ˹
˹쳤Хдŷߣ棿㻹һЩ
سҲһNɪ˵ã㻹ûǮûǮĻҿԽ㣬
Ǹǧ򣬾ͱôԵĸˡ
һʵ̫嶯ˣŷƣôͰǮȫȥˣ  ɵӣ  ѵޱȵʧ䣬Űسǰӣĺ޲ȥŮһơ
һԵĺɫҲѿȰοý㣬ʤ˱ҳ£һӮһӮͺˡ
ﻹ´Ρ
һ˼ǧҪǱԼľ֪ĻԶľʧȥ˼̳˵λˡ
˾ôʵ  ɹٿףҲԵ˵㿪ưɣ
׵ͷԼĵƸ˳һź6Ϊۡ
ʲô6
סǸɹ٣һʼΪûдճԿ϶Ǳˡ
Ҫ֪ҪճĸǷǳСģ˵ĸըͬ˳ˡ
ⶫݵĿɲһ㶼ͬ˳ѹĸը
Ҫ֪ƿЩһӶһΣϾʵ̫Сˡ
ӺƻǿԾԵģһݵʵ̫ˣΪ϶ˡ
Щ޹˵6ôˣղŲ˵ղԾ𣿡
һ׵ƣɴ󱯵ϲһȻһͷɥӣ
һҪĳ嶯
ý㣬6Ү
ȻôƣǻĹǶģһԣⲻǺܼ򵥵ĵ  ٿ˹˶վһﾹȻ
֮ǰǿԼһ6ŸԼôɵģԼΪһҪզԼء
ôܣ
سղ·ֺӣɵʱ˶ˡ
ʱǲһĿŰõɶ˼ҲӮذ
ȻӮˣˣ
ں޲ð׵Դһڣô֪һ˿˿ֵġ
쵰
˹ҧأ˳һɱϷŪŭαһˣˡ
ƢٺãʱҲòŭˡ
һһǧһĳ룡
ɹڶҲ൱ĿˣϾ˼ǴӮҰ
׿˿˹ΪǸ֣Ҳˡ
ʲô㲻ˣ
˹㱻仰ŪѪһô˵Ͳأ
Լһ˰سǧ򰡣ȻЩǮ˹Ҳʲôʲȥġ
׿˿˹Ӯô๻ˣôǿбűģ
Ҳǵͷ˼˼ˣһǵǮ˵ʱỹôμӰ
Ȼô˵֪ԼСЩܲˡ
Ӯǧ򣬾ǷһҲǧǧڼĿǾͻռݺܴķˡ
˹ЦһҲһûֵˣˣǮ͵Ӹؤˡ
˵ʲôҲҸģЦ
ױŭ𣬿ȥ쳣ߣڱ˵Уһŭ˵ʨӣ




028伱ˣ
 

  ˹õǼ֮ʱѡ񲻶ˣôǰسǺѳġ
һȷǳĺã˹ԼҲòϡ
ȻˣҪĻһ·ʵЩȻһƣĴȴ൱˽ܲˡ
ûκεļƴľ
֮ǰ˹ΪԼӮˣһAѾ൱ˡ
ֻһʵ̫ˣȻоЩѪ
׵ĳ嶯ðѪ嶯ļһѾˣʱֵ̫СĻðس￴  Ȼǧڶɰջסˣû˵Щʲô
ǻӮǮǮ˼Ӯãܹôأ
λҪ𣿡
ɹٿߵˣʵϣľּϾôĶľֶ˵ҲһĹ̡
Ȼ˹һָһ׵۾
ĳһֱ൱Ľţƺܹŵɢζ
˹˵ɹЦŵ
˿̣˹ǰһźKŵҲһK
Ҳ
˹ֱӽǰǧĳȻƵƼֱױȡ
ӵѲ
һ˵ѾǲʹˣôҲӮ˵ġ
Ҫ֪˹־һKôҲܵġ
һǸ˹ԼȻҲɺ˹Ⱦ̫ˡ
ߣ
˹ԼôõһﾹȻҲ̲סŭһ
İòм˵ղ㲻ǸһǧǸӵĶˣ
ã־ͼΪֹӮСǮܣøСһ
س֪ճڵ˹ǼĶҪȰôǿ
ղ׾ȻſھҪߣʱˣĻᶼû
ԲϣģϣսϵԽԽá

ײδܵţһĿ˹
ɹѾϴƣȻƷ뷢棬׿˿˹Цղ˵
С
˹δش׵⣬ֻ¶һ˿мɫԱ뷨ˡ
Ȼ˵ǵСһѣһڣҲҶģ
ףˣ
õͨһһֱȰοԼҪףһڴ̼Լסʧ̬
ԼȻǰˣҪ֪ǳײˣǰǸѡ
˹ҲǱһƶûз㡭
ҾҲңЩͱˣھҪսһ˹ߡ
ҵȻң˹ԱҵĿȥڵĳ
Ȼ˹Ҳһһĸʣ  ô˿ţʱҪĻԼԼ
Цһܺãʼ
һһڣǲֱ̫̼ˣԭкܶ࿴׵ˣ˿ҲСӷĴ򷨸ˡ
ܿ죬ѾǷ˳
Ѿ֪Ӯĸʽٷ֮ˣΪ˹ʵ̫ˣܹճһ˳ӻ΢һЩϣ
ֻϧûôĺˣ  źɹһƵ׵¶һ˿΢Ц˹
Ȼ
˹û뵽ԼȻһָˣתЩķŭ
һԵİسҲֱţû뵽ԼںõһӣȻ˹ˡ
ʱƣѾӮˣ
˹Ѿ˰˸ˣʱѵ
һԵİسϽ˹оһЩ죬һҪô죬ҪôƼֻ̫ز©
ƼٺãҲҪ֧ŰɣڿӦ̫ˡ
ĺѿģ
˹ɫһ䣬һ˿ɺ֮ɫ⵹üͷ塣
壿
֮дһ˿֮У˵ϲûȴоһ
Ϊ״пһ˿ԾĻĲԸ̽顣
˵һ˵ϴ϶ǿ̽ĳġ
һȴ֪Ǹʲô  ׿˹˹Ҳ䲻Ļɫˡ
ĽһһĳֱӸһԵĺɹ٣Ǻɹߵߵܹȥ׸ɻˡ
úͺŮϵıѾǼˣڼֱ𾪰  ˸ڣһһӮ˰˸ڣ
һһ룬ԼҲԷֵĸڰһʼȻЩϣ˹ܶһᡣ
Ĳ󰡣




029Ὺʼ
 

سԼûʲôǮǰ˹ôࡣ
һʼȥǰسͰ֮ìܣɺݱ׺˹֮Ľ
˷ܡ̼
˹Ͱسȥӣúͺ˽ıӵһ
ף̫
üѣԭѾ׼û뵽һȴľϲ
ϲһľϲԴһ֮Ǿϲϡ
Ҳðö׹Ŀ࿴ϾӮǮ˭أ
ЦŵҲһǺǣһ˸ڣ֮ǰ˵õģһĸΣ
Уġ
ȻСһĵͷƽ޹ʵĶĸڣڼľѾһܵĵλ
Ǽ̳в˼Ĳҵĸڣȥɵʲôأ
ܿ죬˾Ͱѳһ£Ǯĸоʵ̫ˬˡ
ÿһԵĺƣЦŵƣһҪĻҿǧ򶼴ղ롣ıǧһҲ£
ҡҡͷý㣬ǮôҪأͰس֮ĳԹ
ƣһʲôѼ飬ǰǱúõĽһûվѾվ˰سǱߣӦõõġЦŵ
ðɣǾ͹ˣ
Լû뵽һǷǳɡ
׿˿ʱỹһſʼذɣǲûɶˣ
аСʱʱѣ߰ɣȥǱߣλӦѾźˡЦŵ
ƶö˿Ѿ˲ˡ
ܶ˶ľǱ죬ܶ˶ŸղǵĶľ֡
׳ʱ򣬲ٵĿѾǾۼϡ
вس˹ɱ˵Ŀ⣬ܹɱ˵Ļ׶֪˶ٱˡ
׺Ͱм䣬ΪÿһһᣬԺܶ˶൱ӡ
Ͼвٵĺöܹó
ڶž
λӭƶֳ˽ܿˣ
Ӳ߳һλʮӣԼһĵֽܿˡ
ÿ׵ÿһζ֣ܿҲμѾĴˣ
Ƶͷ˵ܿƶٶңҲ֪ǲġƶϰͦصġ
ܿЦеĿųµÿƷʯȡƷ۸ٷ֮ӶڹŴӦö˰ɣ
ٷ֮壿һҲ׬貧˰ɣЩզʵ
ٷ֮ȻŲǺܶ࣬Ʒĸǰǧ򼶱ģһЩõƷ۸ڡ
ҪÿһƷǱȽϵĶġ
ܿ˼һΪ׼˲ٵĺöóǵһƷĳṩһʯŴҶʯҲİɣ
ˣôʯأʯ浽û䣬Ǻǻǿɶ
ǰһˣȥҲǺܴԼɡ
׿˿Ǹˣİõףǻŷŵĸܲû˼
ŷţ
׿ŰãŷҲ˵ģӦǼҵҵģҵ˺ܶаزΡ̡ȵȡ
Цŵ˼Ȧ֮һˣû뵽һȻҲ
ܿ˿˿˼Цŵܣֻ浽ʲôǾͲܹˡӦҲ֪ǵĹأʲôǳеκεķա
˼΢΢ͷ⵹Щ˼ˣ
ܿ˼ʯĵͼΪʮÿμӼ۲򡣡
һֱϸĹ۲ʯǼҾ洫ģȻʯ˽ҲǷǳĶˡ
ý㣬ʯôƿŰʵ
·һ㣬ʵҲܹʲôʯͷʮЩˣӦòӦģֻǶĳɫЩ̫Сˡҽ黹ǲҪˡ
þʯʵ൱һ㣬ûĻʮĳɱ¶յû
ʮ򣡣
˼ʯҲЩȤû˺ۣ㿪ںһΡ
ʮ򣡣
Ҳںһ£ʯͷЩȤȻʯԸоĳϵĳЩơ
ȻˣϵĲʿ϶ǲܱȵģɽ֮ͷ֮ͬնأ  һĻɫ˼Ҫ֮һ˶һӡ
Ͼʵ൱ǿһܹ׵ĵأ  ˼תͷ˿Ȼʮ򣡣
ף˰ǻ˼ⶫֲʲôöǷŵһֿʼˣҲнĺܡ




030»˼ٶĸ
 

˼ŷŸܲãʵǻŷŶ³ֽĽӰˡ
˼ӣȴҲԼһЩãϲʯ
ΪԼʯҲоģҵʿҲ֪˼һЩص㡣
ԻٶֵĻ˸Ҳӡ
ײ֪һ˭ȻҶ൱Ļ𣬿ôأ
׵ȻĿһۻ˼һ򣡣
͸ˣ
ܶ˶ʾ⣬˼˶Щ֣ΪʲôһԼȥ  Ѳ˹Լѿⶫ˲ֵʲôǮ
˵ʵǮûеطĻĲԸ
ΪǵһƷԻ˼û˺۾ͼòͷ
û뵽Լû˺ۣԼһۣȻиԼˡ
˼Цһ򣡣
س˹Ϊ֮ǰ˺ܶǮǵһֱܺá
׼һ׺ͰõǣȴһﾹȻ˼ˡ
ӴҺͻٶȥ
س޴󲻴󣬲ȫ˻϶üܶ˵۾Ҳת˹
˼Űسķ˿سŮҲʶģȴۡ
ǸղźԼм۵ǸԱߵĴ񷻵İãһ˿˿ȤϾŮ˳ܷϻ˼ı׼
˼Լλվ˳ܵ׵ϣδڽмۡ
һΡ
Ρ
Σϲ108ŵһϵʯ
ܿ˵ЩϲЦտʯԭһһµĳԣû뵽۲ʮʯȻһĸ߼ۡ
Ϊ˸һЩͷƶҲ˺ܶĲõİ취
֮ǰ˽˶ĳڱʯԭʯ
ܿˣʯҲ߯û˼˰ɣһƷʲôǰ˵һЩͷʵ
ܿ˽ѹѹʯȷûʲô˼ǽǻһڣǾֳиÿһεиԼмۣ
ֳи⵹Щ˼
˼׵ԱߣҪСӵ˭ɹġ
Ҫ֪һֱǱĲãΪ϶ʱȴΪ˱˵ϱ
ܶ˲Լ˼ͻȻһԼŸɵˣ˼ЩȤˡ
Բ𣬻ٶ
ò֪˼ͼ˼ȻԼߣҲЩ顣
ŷ׻ƹ͹ʵǾǺĸġ
ҵҪŷĻѻʯ  ˵ģ˼ֻҪһŭ񷻾군ˡ
һԲһУаֻܹ˼˵Բˡ
׿˿õܣᣬȤĶģоֵ˾ͲҪô򵥣αҪ˵Ǹ
ǣλֵǡ
˼˿ףоһЩԼǰ֡
ȻǶһȤײ˵ֻܹˡ
̸ֵܣҽס
ײ֪˼˭Ȼ֪˵λӦò͡
Լʲôϵֲκ棬ܹǾ档
治ҲҪԼˣĲҵĲԼ
˼ҽл˼
˼ҽܷǳ򵥣ֻҪǸӦö˵
׿˿˼ŶȿҵʯɣҸоӦе
ǰɣʯǺ˽Ⱑ˼ΪԼʯǷǳ˽ģڵһֺΪʦĸо
һԵİҲǵףǼʯģʯһûʲô
С㣬Ӣͬ˼бף·ȥǸɵӡ
׿˿˼ҿʯľԵ֣оˣֻҪҵλҿ϶ǻġ
˼ٺһЦҪлĻ㵱Ҹ磡
棿׿Ż˼Цŵ
һԣ˼һԵ̵һޣ
һһ
ʯˣ˺ܴǮʯʲôҲûеʵ̫ˡ
ȻˣҲһ㶼۵ʯ濪൱ţ䡣
Ҫ˵ʯĴ˵ʵ̫̫ˡ
൱ϡ٣񷻺ʹĵطҲǺЩ䡣
ǲһչƷҲ൱ġ
ܿ˿ų¶ǰʯ֪ܶ˶ҪʯЦġ
˵ϣʯеҪȻԺڸʯû  һԭҪŪһһЩʯģΪǰһ죬ǸõĻ·ϣԾһһ㻯ǳ
ܿԼҲû뵽ⶫȻܹ˵ĸ߼ۡ
PSлֵ֧֡




031¾ɫ·һ
 

ƶöձȾ쳣Ļ𱬡
һʼ˼һոӮ˱˰˸ڵСӾͿʼһ
Ȼջ˼ʯͷоѾֳˡ
ܿ˿ЦŵֳѾ׼ˣһ108̨
иʦиһվţ˵Ŀ̨ȥ
ʲô׸򣬵µĻ˼ͰһЦ
ܿЦŵʯģȨߡ
׵ͷʹ߿ʼаɡ
ָָһطǸиʦӦǷǳоģЦŵϰ壬ͷİɣұ֤ţһѾʮˡ
΢΢ͷ˵ĿⶼиʦϣȻܶѾûκεĶ
̣
һииʯͷǻ𻨲סðЩˡ
ʲôҲûС
һиʯͷܿҲɫһ䣬ԭ˶Ϊж
ɵȻʲôҲûУмʲôҲûУжĸʾ൱ĵˡ
ʵʦме˼Ϊ֪ʯͷ൱ʯ
ⲻǲ˵һ𣿡Ȼ֪лģǳĵ
һиʦһź˵ϰ壬ʯһмûУҲûˡȻˣмûеҲģֻǳټ
û׼ҾټأѲɰ˲ɣû˵
ǣϰ˵ĶԣиҲЦŵҼУ
£
سʵСгʲôڿһûˣҲЦһܿˣܲܲҪ˷ǵʱ䣬ǵʱǺܱģ
һвĻǾͽһƷ
ܿЦЦҲûа취ȻģҲһ¿˵Ըɣ  ˼ҿһóʲôҲûеõ˼һУ
ÿŰس̵ȻиĻڣ˼мΣбȥ㲻Ҳûν
㡭
سҪͰܣɿ˻˼߿Ҳѡ˵͵
ìܣ̨ϵиʦȴûֹͣԼĹȻһȻһˡ
һܿȥ
ʱĿɿڴһĻˣԭǰ޹ʯͷϾȻһɫ·
ϡ⡭ôܣ
иʦҵʮ꣬ûмһҪ֪ļ۸ǲơ
ɫеļƷ
ϣ  ɫǵ̺͹Ŵݵɫνɫʷλһдգ
֪ɫ֮ʲôĵλ  䱾еļƷֺųеļƷ
ǾǼƷеļƷ  ʵϣֵǮҪʵغ͸ȵȣֻһ۵ʯ棬ܹɫ·ĳѾ̾Ϊֹˡ
ж
ܿҲſ˿ʯ·ҲȻʵ
Žܿ˶ѾſˣܶҲǰͷ浽׷ʲô顣
˼ҲվҲǷǳĺ棬ղſһʲôҲûеʱѾ˵һǸ׵ļһԼôЦ
û뵽һ룬Ȼ˱仯ˣ
ܿܿϵıѾ˷ḻı仯һ˷ܵĶ˵ߴһĺϢ108ʯһεиɫ·
ɫ·
𾪵ĿŽܿˣɫ·ȻһǴʲôҲ൱ĺ
Ǵ˵ʵֺã͸ָߵĻ׵۾Ǳǵġ
˼ҲЩ૵˵ôأʲôҲûа
һԵпܵģ΢΢û뵽һȻôĺã
ɫܹҺûм
˼ʯȻ˽⣬Ҳǵһμɫ䡣
һɫɫɫɫΪô˵Ҳ˺֮ġ
ô˵ɣʵغá͸ȸߵĻǻٶϵҲֻܹ֮һС䡣⻹Ҫġ
ЦŵΪ׸оģʶ֮ԼҲõ˲ٵĺô
˼ŰõҪʲô
ɫһֱǵⶫļֵԶԶ֮һ㣬ھͿƷʺʹСˡ΢΢һЦ
ȥ˼һ磿
˼һǷϵĿǰľôҲû뵽Լ㿪һЦȻпܳ档
Ҫ֪ѾʮˣһſȥԼ᲻ء
˿̵̨ϣһЩѾǰͲסįվ濴˹ȥ
ڵȴиʦһĴĥи֮ȷϡ




032º˼۸񣨶
 

иʦȻҲһλʦˣҵôľ飬Сġ
Ҫ֪һȷʵغá͸ȸߵĻǼ۸񼸺Ǻŵġ
׵ҲǲŲæΪ֪Ǻö
ܿ죬иʦһϣ
ܿһҲǼ֣⿪źͿźȫͬĸ
һһкöĻԺǲԴ
һΣܹ׬ǮڲһˣҪڼʯĻשͷɾʹˡ
ܿ˵ʵȷˣ
иʦһĽĿ׵ȷҸұ֤ǼƷͿ͸ȾѾ֪ˣ̫ˣ
ܿ˷ܵĻһȭͷȻڵһվһϢҪߴң108ʯѾȷǼƷ䡣
иʦܿ˵ĻͲҪ䲻ʵغá͸ȸߣ쳣ĴΪҪǣСܹ߽ٻ嵽ָ

ȫһƬȻܶ˸ֵ֪Ǯɹ˵⼫Ʒ͵ʣܶѾ֪еļֵˡ
쵰
سѾѿ˼㣬СӵѾܹúˣֱ찡
ƷϣǴ˵֮ʯ綼ûгֹô䶯Ķˣ
ôһͨϣȻȿ䣬һǱһС˹ȥ
ʱ֪Ļ˵򣬾ҲǻԴȥİ
Ȼˣ
ҲһͣҲû뵽Լһ˵ȻľǼƷ
ղЦ׳嶯ԼĳӶˡ
ͬڵĻл˼һֱϲű˵Ļ˼Ȼղԥˡ
һԥȻҪȻľͳ˺öһ൱ĺö
˸ȥӽǱ˰˼Ҳ̲סı˴ֿڡ
ʼҪǴҶܹüĻҲжʯôһ˵ˡٶںڿ϶Ѿˡ
˴ˣ˰
˼ڶ˵鲢ⶫʧȥˣʵⶫʧȥʧľǮΪ磬Ƕľˡ
ڲǮӣôܹûأ
һǵһμٶôءЦŵ
˼Ƶ̾һ˶ˣС˭
ʵʵҲʶʼ
㲻ʶ˼һĿŰãһԵĺЦŵõһ˿͡
ţһ洫ĸ̣׼ģõ
Ҿ˵ĸ̲صشӾɻϹģ쿴С˰
˼һ˵˵鿴ȥûôĻ
̨ϣ
Ѿкüȥÿһ˿֮Ǵһۡ
ܿ˿ʵ֪Ƿ֣
ҪǼ۸ʵĻȻԿǣ
ԼֲȱҪǼ۸ʵĻΪʲôأ
ⶫģô¶׬ˡ
һ˵ȫһӾͷ  һڣ
׻δ֮ʣѾ˺Լļ۸
㿪ЦذɣⶫһҪ£ڣ
ٺ٣ڣ
ڣ
ĸڣ
£ҳһƬָ˶ںż۸񣬶̶̵ļξۣ۸Ѿֱĸڣ
ȫڣǰʢ  һʯƷȻͳôӣֱ벻
ԭҶڴĸ̣ⶫѾ˳׵ķˡ
˼ˣľһӵڣ
ڣ˵ʵѾǻϵˣԻ˼Ĳʱˡ
ڻ˼֮һЩƺҪԥһӣջǷ˾ۡ
־˼ң󻹵˼Ǻοأ  һΣΣΣϲٶһ鼫Ʒˣ
ܿһҵôã˾˵۳ˡ
Ӷİٷ֮壬Ǿǧ֮ް  Ⱥ֮۷׷ףܶ˶ͶĽ۹⣬һӱڣʲôأ
Ϊķʽճʱȴһ䣺ʦߺһɣ
ž  ȫһƬžƺ˭ҲԸСǲǮˣ  ⼫Ʒϱֵĸʾ൱ĵܹͣʯг˶ھ쿪ˡ
Ȼһ黹УҲôĺ˰ɣ
˿̾öЩĲˣ




033ԸķĻٶ
 

һֵԭʯһѾڵۡ
˵ʵһûеĸ൱ĸߵģԶ϶ʣµİʯͷʯͷ
Ȼ仰һܶȻûпܣ׽Ѿ˲ֹһ漣
ղڶĳ൱Ӯ˰˸ڣټеڣƶðʱ䣬Ѿǿʮڽˡ
ʲôĺܶ˵Ҳһʮڡ
ʯͷû˰ɣиʦҲôΪġ
ʵѾڱȽϵĺˣһʯмжı١
һѾŪǼƷǾǷǳˡ
׿һиʦһҲ鷳˲ǹֿϧģ
Ҳǣ
иʦüȻѾˣֱǿϧ
һʱ䣬˵ĿⶼиʦϣһһɤӣǵСܲˡ
֮ǰһиǱŹϯģһиʦҲѧˣֱԹϯ
·û
ԲۣС˰ôôã
ǰһκ񲢲
ҪĻǱ˰
µ˵Ϊ۽ġ
ܿ˺ܿǰһֳ𣿡
˵ֻҪһΣôҲаٷ֮Ӷ𣬸ղǽʵʵ׬һѡ
ڿʯ澹Ȼ·ҲǺԥǰ
иʦһ̾ϢһβϿӲֵĺ䣡
ϿӲֵĺ䣿ҲǼΪĶȣǾͲʹˡܿҲЦŵ
иʦͷʵغͳɫ൱ĲǧӦûκε⣬ϾҲ൱
ǧԭѾǺܾ޶Ľˣڽܿ˺иʦУȻǳź  ǧˣ
سԱߣһŮվЩѯʵ˵
ʲôˣղǸͿŮ˺Ͱسһ顣
 Ҳ򡭡
ҲʾȻóسҪԼֲ涪ˡ
Ҫ˵ôõĲֺ䣬ʵѾǶĺûˡ
񷻺ʹȻҪõ鼫Ʒ䣬ʵ֮ľҪǼЩ߼ϡ
ܶʱǿЩģֻԽԽ죬ʱܹԽ׬Խࡣ
׿˿ЦŵܣȻҪȥɣҾͲˣ
͸ˣ
׳˹Ҳһһﵽʲô˼
ǿǼֵǧĶһﾹȻ˵Լ͸Լˣ  󷽣һʵ̫ˣ  ʵҲͶ֮ұ֮ˣǽôĻҲòЩ
˵ˣԺͰкܶĻᣬʯڱ˿ֵǣҲˡ
ϲԩͷôںǮĻղӮİ˸Լ
ֻɣ˸оһӴ˼ҳġ
ܶŮ˵ĿѾǳʳһԽصˣԽ˻ע⡣
س￴ŰӣЦһɧ꣬ӿ϶ǿŪԼˡ
ȥǺÿģߣ
˹ŰãҲӿһ˿аõȷ̫ˣҲЩ԰Ρ
ֻسﲢ֪˹뷨Ҫ֪ĻҪѪˡ
˼˹ȥ,ʱҲ൱Ĳ
Լϰ֡Ľ㶨ˣһԭǴǸĸ̵ģӰʯϵ϶൱ĵġ
ϵܣġ˼׵ļ
Ҽǵ˵׾׼˵һԵĻ˼Щĵ˵Ȼ˵Ӻɷһĭһڶ㿴ԱһЩǰɣҪȻҵô
㵱Ҹ磿û˵ҪɶУ˸ǱǸ磡Сûйϵû˼Ҵ˻кСүûɶϵ
˼Ҳűء˼ЩǸоЩоŤ
׺ٺһЦһֱϲǿˣԼ˵ĻԼҲֻܡ
õõãһ˼ҲԸĲˣ磬Һָ˰ɣ˼û˵
΢΢һЦİɣǲԿģ
УɶҲȱ㲻Կġ
˼Լûκףȴָ֪ĺô¡
ڼһԿţл׵ĻᶼûС
Ϊף˼ȻĿʼ
ܿ죬һƷͳˣ




034³ߣĸ
 

ǱһƷĸ壡
ܿ˵쳣ĺһε׬ȡ˲ǧӶǴûйġ
Ǯ˭  ˶ǮܿȻҲ⣬һγԭʯ׬貧ӯ֪ԺԭʯֻԽԽ
ߣ
׵ͷȻ̧ܵһɲͬѰϢĹ
׵Щ㵣û뵽ϾȻߵĴڡ
һˣΪ׵һȥʮ£һһŮȥԼĪʮ߰ҡ
˼ҲǳǸһۣЦŵʶ
΢΢ҡͷʶֻҪˣʱ˹ǡ
Ҳǳе飬Щ˻ǵȵΪؼĶ֣ǲŻء˼Цŵ
һԵİҲǵһЩ˾㲻Ҳ׬ĶһЩ𣿡
ʵĸ̵屻ͨ˵õĻǷǳ˵ġ
̺˲ٵҪһССķ󷨡
Ͼһˡ
档
ְʦ壬˹СӾǱߡ
սǸŮ㣬ҴŨĹŵʣȥһ㷲ŮӲ̫һ
ʫʫעĶˣҲ֪˹ʲôĿģ˵ˣֻҪ鷳ǻǲҪĦĺáְӳ
ְʦ壬ΪʲôһǾȻܵ׻ƵϡǸŮԱߣһüĿЩߵ˵
ְӵֺҪסĿǰʹһʵǿһʲôҪ鷳ʱſ¶Შ
ıֺҲ̲סıһֿڡ
ְǵְǱȫκε춯ʱʰҲ٣
ʫʫŮʦ壬Ǿһֱһ
ҽӵǼغ˹Сӣ鲻ǵְΧ֮ڡ
ְȻûп˹ȴѾһ
Щ˵ĶԻҲЩĸоʲộʲôʹһ壿Щʲôʲô
ʵϣԼҲ֪Ȼͬɺܶණȴһ
׵ĴУ϶йشɽҵ飬ļȴڡ
Ҫ֪һеĴжѹĻСҲܲ˵ġ
ʹʵҲеһ֣  һһܹɽ翹壬ɽ磬ʹ屻֮Ϊħ壡
ϯ̨ϣ
ܿ˿֮ҲǶһᣬܿһεĽ״̬ʼйĸ̵Ĵźļֵ
ʵһвһӪֶζѣյĿľΪܹõһߵļ۸
ĸ̴ӱչóһ̣ܶ˱һĨסˡ
ְԭһֱڹ۲˹Ͼһǵǿסļһ

ְѹĺܵͣǳ𾪣׽羹Ȼһϡ
ʫʫְı飬ʵʦ壬
ȻȷʲôɸղҵȷǸܵһĴڡְ
ֺЩ˵ʦ壬Ļǡ
һҪ
ְ¶һ˿Ŀȣ׽ܹϵĶʵ̫̫ˡ
λۣ
Žܿ˺𣬺ܿķʼˡ
۸һ·Ѿﵽһڡ
ʵǰĽ࣬Բܴﵽ۸
һƷˣ֮ǰԭʯ֮⣬ûʲôö֡
ĸҲǼƷеļƷȻǻˡ
ҳڣ
سоԼһֱѹƣҲѵһî˾Ҫ¡
վȫƺоеĿǾ۽ˡ
ɻûеȵȫվһĶסˣ  ڣ
ְֺľһӣܹһĻǵ׬ˡ
ڣ  Ǽ𺳵ıۣҪ֪һѡ
һ̾Ϣڵļ۸ȷ
سûһϲԭΪԼһǧⶫ϶Լģû뵽ȻһһӰѼ۸ᵽڡ
һĸ̣вɣ  ְ˳֮˻϶Ϣˣôȷֵ̫ˡ
̨ϵĽܿˣѾЦĺϲ£ˣ׬ʵ̫highˣ  İɣһЩ˵Ķǵġ
سԱߣ˹һ˿䡣
һҪұ𰡣Ҫð˳ǵسᣬһ缸ʹжȹġ
˹¶һ˿Цݵһܲˣ




035澳
 

ʱ򣬺ܶ˻Ǳ۷׷ס
ܿóһƶĻԱݸףܿ˾һԼĸǰ
ԭһûʲôöأھôһŪ֮һ붼Ѿǳǧ
һǧһ൱ɹˡ
ٰ񣬽ܿ˻ûһγǧļ¼ء
׵ҲƴǵİѻԱ˹˼ߵ׵ߵָ磬֪һҲ˽˻ҪҪһȥ棿
׿˿ʱһỹе飬Ժɣ

˼һ鴤һﻹǲԼаʵʼնûųΪ˽ӽ
ּһƺûκⷽ˼ԼһȥƤ⡣
£ϵܡĻ˼ĸ첲ȻһԵİõܣҪȻϵɣҵȵȥ
ȵȥЩŹֵĿףһﵽʲô鰡
Ҫ֪˼ǿǧѷĺûᰡȻôĲϧ
׿ְȥҲҪȥʲô飬һɲϢѾǶ
ȹŹֵϢоһĲˬ  ׵ͷʲôطʱ򷢸ϢҲͺڲʮӻʮ֮ǰһϹȥ
˼˿ףһһ£ƺӦúҪӦòԼӶġ
˰ָ磬֪ûпհ˼һʽˣ֮ǰȥҹʲôģһˣѡ
ɣԷΣ׿˿˼飬鷳ϵһ°ܡ
У绰ϵ
˼ҲνȻûʱ䣬ҲûбҪˡ
ȥıӰҲεʼ磬˼Ǻܿ˰úͺһȥˡ
ƶ⣬׸о˼ĿסԼһ
ףôʧˣ
̨֮ϣźɫһɻĻ࿴˿
˹үĿͻȻʧˣ
һ¶һ˿Цݣ˹һĹ
壬ʵôܻᱻܵأ˹һĮĿŸ˵
ҲǸоЩֻ֣Ҳû뵽׾Ȼͬߡ
ֳˡ
ವһ¾ʧ̨֮ϣ˲䣬ŵҲʧˡ
⼸һγֵʱѾǳһ԰
˿˿ĳĻ¶ˡ
ԭû˵ĵطһӳˣƺһ㡣
˹ߣ΢Уһһµûˣ
үЩ֣ǵСһЩһΪоˣ˱ζʧˣȻз֮ġ
ҳҪСӳʲô˼ζȻҸ˹˹¶
үˮ׼ôܻһͨˣ
˹ߵ˵öѣ
һ𣬾⼸׼Ѱ׵ʱǵǰˡ
ߣȵ׻ƾҪɱˣֱ󵨣
ְȼ˵ͻȻֵ˹һ
Цһڣ
ɷΪ˴󾳽磺쾳硢顢塢Ͷɽٷ
쾳㲻澳磬ܹ֮ǰ࣬ɽٷһ
澳м󾳽磬ÿһͻƶ൱Ĳס
ְոմﵽڣ˵ʵҲ൱ˡ
ʫʫֺǸո̤Ĳζѣֻߣ  ְЦһס㹻ˣִԲĻֻôȥȲˡ
ʵҲЩΪѣһЩ˷ͻԺ¾ͻ鷳ˡ
ү
ƺ˹Ͼ
˹ΪܹסǣҪ˴ûӳҵģ
Ǿû̸ˣ
ְȫ䱸Ϊ˹ıпһƺ⡣
ǣ
һԲϾͿķ˹ֿһ˿ײЦ
ղŸ˵ĻʵЩ˵ʵһ㡣
ܹϢĳ˵ĻǺֶΪأ
ȻĿǰʹһͶһʱսĦһֱûжϹ
ͻ䣬ְ˶û뵽һﾹȻô󵨣ԼĵǾ͸Ҷ֣  ¶һ˿Цһ˲˵Ȼѩ׵ĳ
ʹ
ְͫһҪ֪ʹӦľľ磬Ҳ˵͵ĲҲǺԼࡣ
״˿̾ڶϣεʱҲ̲סľ̾
ֲýʹһ壬ĲǴ˵ʹװ




036°г
 

׿ǰľҲһһ㶵ģһĳ򵽵Ǵʲôطģ  ʹ  Ǹʲô
һʼĲ֪һﵽΣǽҲ˹ɡ
ǺΨһ׼  ʹʵӦúڲְֻ࣬ȥƺԸ⶯֡
⵽ô£Ҫ֪ڿ׻Ƶĵϡ
ԼĵϾȻҶ֣ҲЩˣ  ʵ֪һ˹Ҫ׷Լ˿϶ֵģЩһƫƧĵط
ߣסǵĳڣҪӵϾ׻ƣҲҪ͵һЩ˹
˴˿ѾվְĸǰһԵʫʫֺһٴеģ
ְһʫʫֺˣԸһ
ЦһѾʧԭأ  ܿ죬ְ󣡣  䣡
һȭְ۾һɣһɾ޴ѾϮȫ
ߵķһ㳯ǰ˹ȥ
ͣ  һѪ˵ʵʵЩ󣬶˾Ȼ԰͸ĳ˸˳
׼ʹ
ְһû뵽һﾹȻѾ۷ˮ׼һֻѾ̤ʹżˣ  ٺ٣ֻܹԼˣֻҪҵǸǼүļһû뵽˾Ȼһӣ
˵¶һ˿˿ĲмУһֱǸ
ʦ塭
ʫʫֺ˼æְܵĸǰǴ˿ѾЩ޾ִٵĸоˡ
һʦǳҲǼʶһʹһ嵽׳ʲô
Σ
ְѾ΢΢̵֪ͨϣ
Ҫ֪ͨǳϣЦһΪ㻹ȥط𣿡
ɱǣҵǸСӣ˹һҪŪǸСӣ
ǣү
һ𾴵Ŀ˹Ȼ˹ʵļλ൱ĸߵġ
˭˹̵Ķأǹ壬Ҳûκεİ취
ְһЩεĶʫʫֺʦԲǣû뵽һδǳ͡
ְҲһ̾Ϣû뵽һξȻ׼ʹҪ֪ʵǿ֮ˣҲǴﵽڵĲΡ
ʵҲֻ൱ʹڵʵʵʵ̫ˡ
׻Ƶʹһ壬ѾǳԱѵȻмųţԴȴ˼֮С
ʦ壬ô˵ǳʱ޿̵ĳΣաʫʫҵһЦ ܹţ˭Ըȥأ
׻ʹһսУǲ
ⲻСΧѣֻǵ̫öѡ
ȥɣʥ֮
ռ֮Уһɫâγһɫ⽣ɢһȵϢ
ְ˵ɴ۾ǰһУʥ֮ʹһΪõ֮һʵҪƽȴǳĲס
ʵ൱˵һЩڽһ磬ܹʲô취أ
Ҫ֪ͨĳѾǲ̫ˣΨһܹľǵˣ  ְı۾Ĭʵ
Ҹƴˣ
ʫʫȿֲϢѹЩǻҲôʹ죡  ʫʫҪ
ֺ۾ͨ죬ŷɶ˻ʫʫһӴڱıԵҪ֪ʫʫԼΨһá
Ůš
˸Ҫǰʫʫ˹͸һаζ
ү
˵ǰõʥ֮ͣʫʫͷ֮ϣҲüͷ΢塣
үʲôãʵЩ̫ɫ
һŮѵĻʱĻܵ׷ɱ
Ͼ׻Ƶĵ̣һĳʲô飬ǵʱͻ֮ݰ  Ͻ鴦ˣŮ˷Ϊȥ˹Щͷ˵
ЩΣһ۳ʥ֮
һ͹⽣ְֺͷϣʫʫһĿǰľһôϣԼʵܹѹ
ɣ
ҲûκεԥʱϵԽãȻԽ  ɫâռ䣬Ϣ
ְ˫ȭգʵ̫ˣ
䣡
ʥ֮м䴫һ޴ĺ֮
ʦ塢硭
ʫʫʥ֮һնһĺš
ʲôˣ
ɫ䣬ղʥ֮նȴһɼǿ谭
ǧһ֮ʣǵȻǿеĳʥ֮ʥ֮˲Ϊ֮
ԵĲԵȣʥ֮ôô׵ıƻأ  ղǾ޴ĺײһնµ
û
ְЩĿһԵֺԭΪ϶Ǳˡ
ֺҲЩͷԵ⡭⵽ô£
˹Ȼ˸˵ĺ棬Ĵʼǵȫû˸ղŵš




037ԨԴ
 

˭
֪һο϶ˣɫѾѿ˼㡣
Ȼ׻ͣǾҪ˵
׵ȥ˵֮ȥһ㡣
˿װ˿ʵݡ
һɫ磬ͷҲǴźɫң
һװҳģװһ׷
Ҫ͸̽׵ʵʵǾԲܵ顣
׻ĴӺĻ߳ÿһ˾͸оԼѹһ֡
үߣˣ
֪˵ʵ൱ǿѾ˲κηͷˡ
ͻת䣬ְ˶Щɵˣ
׽֮УȻ˵ĸ֣Ҫ֪˱׼ʹˣǰλǰȻվƿʥ֮Ĺ
ʵҪʲôҪ̫̫߳˰  ߣ
䣬һǿľ˲ѹ˹ȥ
Ⱥԭ˹Ѿȫ£˫ֱͷԵʮֵʹࡣ
ǰ
ְ˿׵ĵһļ  ˵ǴıԵ˻˵ԼҲû뵽ʱȻһ·ǿߡ
׽ߵʱҲһ֮ɫɵЩߵΪʱҲЩ͸
ְѾ̳һ㣬Ѿû䵽ȵز  ʵѾﵽ徳ĲΣҪ֪徳֮Ǿɽٷˡ
ȻˣҪĻΪĴУĴеĻڻʲôǡ
ְ׸˵ˣ Щǰôܹأ  칬ְְ̹Ȼϻصơ
칬üһ֣ȻҲо칬  Ѳĺ;̫幬ʲôԨԴɣ
ǰ֪ڣְһ󼤶ʵϾ칬ʵЩĺܣֻܹһСš
칬ûһ̫幬ģЩƵʵ
ǰʶ̫幬ˣ
ְһӲ֪ôشźˣ칬̫幬ȻʲôţҵĹϵȴһֱ̫á
شң׳
̫幬Ҿ칬ԶֻһֱͣȻͬΪգ˭ΪԼͳԡ
ְСĿףʱ׳һǰʱ̫幬ѣǿ»ĺܲˡ
ǣ⵹˼ˣ
װһЦ˵Ļǲ٣һȻǾ̫幬ı档
Ӧþǵ棬ֻʲôݱˡ
Ҫ֪Լĺ󱲰Ѿ̫幬Ū˾칬̫幬ĻҲѪˣ
ǰְҪ˵ֲ̫˵˵ˡ
ʱĸԼŴ֣֮Ǿˡ
װڰֵ⼸˭ǵǸʲôģ
ǰǺ˹үˣһ׻ƣԱ֡
ְʼĽ飬ʱҲߡ
ô˵ַˣ΢΢̧ͷ
ǰ׻ƾ磬ȻҴɱ䣬ԭΥʹһǩЭ顭ְ
׿˿Ǽ˵ȻɱǾɱ˰ɣҲǸ
ɡҵȲְ֡ЩԲλ˵
Ǹңҿ˹ҪĸҶҵĻʱǻĺܲҵģҷͻ˶
˹Ʒ񣬿ɴѾǿֿ־塣
㡭ҶǵĻȻ⵽ʹһķ׷ɱ
˵Ҳһ˿ĵӣߵ磬˭Ըȥأ
һӣ
һɼֱӳ⼸˵ķ򼲳۶ȥ˲ռ𵴣
ţ˹ڵĵطһ޴ĿӶ
ֲ
վһԵְԿԸܵĳֲֿϢ
ְ˶ڿʱȴִ˿ǸطѾǱһѷĩҲû˵ټ  ⡭ǰҲ̫˰ɣ
ְ㵵Ŀףܵˣһ֣Ȼŷôֱ˰  һԵʫʫֺһ˷ܵĿףʫʫЦŵǰ㵽ʲôʵ

ְһ ҪǵλǰʱôĶ֪
ԭͦɻģû뵽ʫʫѾͷȻô¡
޷ƿҩͰɣϣʵǻǰԵ
ײ̫ľ֪˾칬̫幬֮һ뷨ѾԺγˡ




038˹
 

ҪҸƵΣǰƺ֪
ְǰڷŵƿҩð⡣
һԵʫʫֺҲһ𾪵ĿףҪ֪ҩ˵ֱλеĶ
Ϊһֱʵƽƽ
ǻΪԴϡȱ
Ļôܵʹһôʱѹƣ  ˶ܹ۸һ£ֱЦ
ƾˣ㲻ϣҲûа취顣
ղᵽʲô
ײδԶ˹Ѿʧ֮У˭Ҳҵˣڲʲô鷳
ǰ֪飿
ְЩĿףȻ׳׽磬ô֪ܲأ
֪𣿡
׵Щ죬ʵ֪и칬̫幬иʲôʹһ֮⣬ʲô֪
ְһʱЩһԵʫʫǴֵ˵ʦ壬ǰǸձչس׽鲢
֮ǰУ֮²˽⡭
ҲǶǱһԣ˵ҳ㷹һ㡣
ְЩĵ˵ǰΪ˺׽簲ȫרųһ֯
֪֪֯ʵ
Ȼ֪ˣڹеĵλǳȻģκεطӵȨġʿЩν׽Ȩû̫Ȥ
ְЩȻ˵ȷ˵ЩͨĶǵȷûʲô
ԭˣ׵ͷʹһô£һô䵽һĵز
ǰְ֪оǰǰôʲôҲ֪أ
׳չʱ䣬֮ǰƺˡ
ǰʹһΪʲôͻȻǿҲô֪ǵһζĶ֮УѾЩҵȵڶδսʱ򣬻׻һ֮߳ƣ
ְμӹڶսǸʱСǲҳ̶ΪĴĿġ
׵ͷΪʲôˣǧǸư
ǧǻϹʱڵˣǰ
ְЩĿףǧǶǴ˵Ҫǧʱڰٷ֮һˮ׼Ҳ˹
һµֻǴȷ
꣬һ¶ڣνǧͣʱǸʱȷΪԻ͵ʱ
ְҲǵͷǰҾ칬ССƣҲϣǰȥָһ
΢΢ͷУпҹȥ
лǰ
ְһݷӣһԵʫʫûôĺ£ƺ׵ݻһ˿ĺ档
νţ»ָľʫʫˡ
ոմıԵ׸鵹൱ķɡ
ˣԵɣ
׼뿪ʱ̫̫ľ
ʹһ巢չˣûˣʵ൱׻Ƶһ˼֡
ǰ׽磬Ĺ֤°ɣ
ְжһѾµĿհ֤ȻŹҰȫ
ⶫʲôã׽ӹְе֤ʵ
ְЦŵʵǰĸֲûʲôô׽Ҳ׽Ĺزǣ
һ죬ȻҪѭһɣǾǲּ֮ˣǲɱ޹
ȻһǱ򣬲ôȥˣȴûƻ
׵ͷ֪ˣ
δ䣬׵ӰѾʧãã˺֮С
ְ˿뿪ӣҲһĽֺǱЩŵ˵ǰ̫˰ôʱ䣬ûм˸֣
ʫʫҲǵʦ壬ܹǰʵ𣿡
ְһʫʫΪڵľܹóǰʵ𣿡
ʫʫͷϽתƻǸʦ壬ǰղŲǵҩ𣿡
ԣҩ
ְһᵽҩʱ¶˷֮ɫ
ֺһԼ˵ʦ壬ҳôΪԪ֮⣬ûмĵҩʲôء
û׼Ԫأʫʫû˵
ְ˵˵Ĵһƿ˲䣬һŨѾǹᴩ塣
Ũ
ְôһţ֪ҩǺõҩԪԱġ
Ǹʦܿóʲôҩ𣿡ʫʫҲʵ
￴óҪȻԣ
ְҲĺܣĳ۷ˮ׼ɼȥˣһͻƵļûС
ĵҩͻȻ֮ǰһôܹܵأ  PSֵǰæޣлл




039𾪵㳿
 

ƶõĹ԰ɫϡԿӰǻζ
ְĵҩ֮Ȼͻ۷壬Żͣ
һŵҩֱӴڵĲһӴܵ۷壬칬Ҳһ֮ң
ְĿɿڴԭΪҩԼͻƣû뵽ŵҩȻԼͻؿ
˿̣˿ȥķ򣬶ǹǸͷ
һĨ֮ɫþòɢȥ  뿪Ǹط֮Ҳǻص㳿
㳿ʱǱǱо鼮ӣҲЦ
椹Ȼˮľ˫ԣ츳ҲǲСġ
ѧҽģھʲôȻǱȽϵϤҲʡȥ׶һĹ̡
㳿ϥӣ֪ѾһΪԭʼ״̬ˡ
Ҫڶʱڴﵽʲô̶ȵĻǿ϶ǲܵġ
Ҫ쾳ڵĲΣҲõȵ굽һʱ䡣
ȻܵȵģΪ׽ٻҪϺö꣬ż
ף
㳿׻ˣҲǴ˸к˿ȤĿ²ףԼǰ
Цŵţһģðܴ˸绰ң˵洫Ҫˡ
İ㳿ЩϲĿ׵˶Ǯ
΢΢һЦ²¿
ôµϰӣӦñԤĻҪɣ㳿Цʵ
״һָ¶ˣһڣ
ʲôڣ
𾪣  㳿˶ˣڰʲô
ԼҲû뵽Ȼ˳۸ôܲأ
΢΢һЦҪ֪ڵҿǴﵽʮˡ
һӲͳǮ𣿡㳿ϵ֮ɫδɢȥ
Цŵͽܣʦ⣬ͽȻҲԳԵ
Ժĸʦ˰ʦҵⱾҸоĺ氡
㳿ǰѻ뵽ˣס洫塱˾˵ڼ۸ĵĻ  ׵ͷȷǺһ飬ҿ֮ҲǳⱾоţоһЩüĿҲͿԿˡ
㳿̵ͷ滹˵ʲôģҲǺܶǲǴ˵е
ǰɣӦñҪ߼һЩ˻Ųһ𣿣Ƿǳнģ˽֮ͻᷢ档ʱҲԳΪһ֡׿㳿
ָ㳿ЩЦ˵
ʼɣȵʱ֪ˡˣмûУ
գأѧʱҾѧˡ㳿Цŵأ
һûأӣȵһãҲǽһסе׿㳿ʵ
򷿣⽭ķǿǡ
㳿Ҫ˵ķ൱Ĺ󣬿ǰһת˲֮Ѿ򸻺ˣһССķӶ˵Ӧòôĳˡ
Цŵú˯һȥӣǳԷ
ǲǸܰһôӶǡ
㳿оЩϧǿǼǧӶ𰡣˼ǮĻǷǳס
ǰܣϵһСܡЦŵ
㻹˸СܰҲұָ𣿡㳿С
ЩڨЦܲ˼Ӱɣ
ǸСԷ˼ԷҴŲ̫ðɣ㳿ЦеĿ׵
̵ʲôõģͽܣСܣ
ǸǸʲôİ㳿Щʵ
ЦŵʲôҲ̫Ŀǰֻ֪˼
˼
㳿һ㶣ЩϤҲϤѣͬͬյ˶ȥˡ
׿˵Ļ˼ľԲͬһˡ
Ҫ֪֪Ļ˼ǿȫĸҹӸ磬ôʶأ  ôʶЦʵ
㳿ʼôʶͬͬյҵʶһȻˣҲ˼ҿǻŷŶ³Ķӡ
ðɡ
Ҳûڽȥ첻ʶ𣿵ʱ㳿Ҳһġ
ҪǵǵʲôطӣʲôطҲνȵҲ򳵣ѾǰԼĸĸ׺Լĸ硢㻹öס
ũǼĸ
ֻ˰еϣѧϰɼһֱǳϣ뵽һ㣬ľ൱Ĳܡ




040ۺʵ
 

һŹݣ  һŹΪ¿¥֮һԸߵ塣
һŹݲڳ룬ڽıԵشͬ۴ѧҲֻ߰˷ӵĳ̡
¥֮žģϿ¥ϢǷǳĲ
ȻˣһŹݼ۸Ҳ൱˵ġ
׺㳿Ŵ˸ͳһŹݵķ򼲳۶
¥񡢹ɫĽȺ㳿Щˡ
Ǹʦ㲻طɣ
㳿ֻʼһŹݵйϢֻǵҳʱѾǱ۸ˡ
طҲãͨҲҪǾҵѧУҲͦġ׽͵
㳿̵ʦʮ򰡣㣿
ǺǣڲǮЦŵ
ðɣǮ˵ĵ̫һ㳿ЩЦ˵
һŹ¥˲Ǻܶ࣬Ͼĵطʲô˶ܹġ
¥ſһֲһ㣬εĳҲаʮ¡
׺㳿߽¥ǵĺҲǰˡ
ܣ𣿡һ¥С׵˹ȥܿߵ׵Ⱥˡ
Спգӡ
Ǹ󸹱ӿСвסĴŨױĨҷǳϵŮˡ
ܿ죬滹һҲǱһ¥СӴΨ׺㳿˲û˴
Щ¥Сɶ˾ȻҲòԹɫһ򳵹ӵˣܹߵ¥
ֱǿЦ  ߵķҲǧģһûеˣҹӣ  ǹۿ˵ͣ
㳿һ۱㿴˵̬ȽģЩ˷·ǵǿһ㣬ôܹ˲أ
΢΢һЦ򷿵ģֲģ㿴㡭
̬Ǻƽͣͷۿ˵͵ʵ̫̫ˣҲܸһɣ
еķúܶ˽ıп룬һҲġ
֮ǰڵ㳡˿ǵֻʱǸʲôܺͻƷʵǹ֣˻ˡ
òûʲôɣоԼ¡
ǸӵһȥЩɬŮ¶һ˿΢Ц
㿴˼ⲻӴ𣿡Цŵ
һԵ㳿ЩʵôӴˣղô
ǸǸģҪӴλģɿͬѾȥˣΪǻӴǵģҾ͵˵ȡ
Сһε˵ÿһҵԼǱÿһҵҲвƽ˭ܹ⡣
СŮϾģȥҲһʵͽӣȻ˵ôӳܸо̫š
㳿Ҫ˵ղŽӴǸܵŮѾǻͷߵ׺㳿ĸǰ˿һԸ׼Ӵ׵ĹСƣǲҪ
һûءСƵŮЩǿƵ֣Щηηӣƽʱûб۸
ιӵ¥ŮӸ˵ƺûôĿˡ
һŹ¥ǵ۽Ҳ൱ĸߡ
ǵУʲ˲ĸЩиˣǵоǸ⵰
Ȼ˵ǿûУǽӴЩ򸻺֮󣬶ЩûʲôǮȻһֱӡ
ǲֱձӵĻǣָоǸһȡ
ǰŮһۣһʵˣȴϲСƵŮ
׿˿ǸŮˣΪǶһԵСƵСǰɣȴȥ¥ģͰɡ
õģСƵҲǹɣϣԼ뵽档
Ǹ㿴ЦһһԵСƵСưдֹͰɣ֪Ϊʲô¶ûȥһ׷𣿾ΪѾ˷װβǵˣߣ
˵꣬һŤһ뿪ˣְ̬֪˻ΪǸʲô쵼ء
㳿Ů֮ҲЩ˵˭ͺԼܹһ
׿˿СȻС㣬𣿡
СȻ֪׵˿ķӣǲΪ˼Ͳ˰ɣ
ЩεһЦҲ֪ҲԿ𲻴𣿡
˵úã
˴ĴָȻСҲΪ𣬿˼˵ķʽͲһ
Ļģ˼Ŷ  ˣȴһ¥̵İɡһŹǿ֮һĻŷſģ϶û˵ġ⡭
Сƿʼϲ죬ʵҲһҶ
׿˿СЩŷţ




041һеһ
 

һŹݣɻŷſĸƷ¥̣ڽǵȵأһŹݵĴڡ
ʵܶ˶֪ģһŷΪȫ֪ҵƷ˻൱Ͽɵġ
һŹݹ󣬿϶źͻ԰󷿣û˵
Ǽ۸񰺹Ļ˸֮ˡ
һŹݵҲ൱ĲȻˣڿûж೤ʱ䣬ĿǰҲֻȥ֮һҡ
϶ŷŰɣСΪŵ˵
㳿ЦŵŷŵȻ˵˰¥̿൱Ĳء
С˳Ư۹ҲǷǳĲءССѾͷȥʵͽģʵҲǳĹɣϾ۹ġ
Ȼ㳿СƵĻ֮ҲЦ˻һ㡣
׸˼˸ţҪӣȻǼҿĵطӣСôҲøԼһŻݰɣ
ЩƵǣһ﷢ţһﾹȻضء
ҲһЦ֮Ͼֻһ֮ԵȻʱԼָָģ˵ҲǼһѡ
С㣬߻ĸ
ӣ˼ûκεĻţ׾Լ
СЦŵߣһһŹеһŹݡ
һŹеһŹݣЩɻ
СƵģһŹڽƷʵһ¥̣1űһŹλõһˣȻˣ۸ҲΪģ
λҲǺܺðףģϵդʲô˼㳿ʵ
ģһŹһʮĶűһǣӵžԵרءӾء򳡡һС͵ĸ߶򳡺һ԰ȻͣλǱزٵġ
СƵһμһŶʱҲǾˡ
û뵽ܶȵĽȻľס˭ܲĶأ
һطҲ൱İģһ˿»ġ
㳿ðǣĸŮĶ֮һլ
һо˶֪Σ֮Уӵ˿֮ˡ
طȥ𣿡ʵ
СЦŵĿǰûУѾвٵ˹ˡ
۸٣ҲֱҪ˵ֻҪûȥǻл
һͺܲȵһλҪһģӵ㹻󣬷㹻࣬ʩҲ൱Ĳǳ⡣
ԼĸͽǶǵʻˣҲΪԼĸ㿼ǿǰɣ  ȻĿǰĲҪѰ˸߳ܶ࣬վӲ׷䲻  ȻԼ׽磬ΪʲôԼĸĸĺһЩأ
СƿһףĿǰıڣ
٣
㳿˿һԵСƣɴ۾ʵҪ֪һȻڳΪǮˡ
ڵļ۸ǰ㳿Ÿڰ
洫ڵļ۸ǵ׵Ҳֻˡ
ڣ
СҲǿЦһڵļ۸ģ֮ǰԼʱҲǲûбָ𾪵ιȥˡ
ʦǻ߰ɣҲ̫ˣ㳿ϽߣȻоһԽܲ˵ļ۸
Сƣдһܣ߶æ㿴𣿡
㳿һһէʱǸһεȥϵһ˿ϲɫСҲֻĽķˡ
ߵĿ˻ûߡСҲΪΣ׺㳿û뿪Լô뿪Ҳ̫ðɣ  Ȼ֪׺㳿ӣǶز
˵ô°ܸղ߶һţǧأϰȥһͬʱ䶼˷ĳЩϡ
˵껹ܴкǸЩĿ㳿
㳿һŮԭǸܻû⡣
¶һΪ˧Цߵ㳿ĸǰλС㣬ҽǣ֪ǷʶһأҵƬ
˵꣬ǵݹһƬǸŮ˶ֵסǮĺ
ûȤ
㳿Ҹоõ˷ǳʹޣ޲ȥѾˡ
Ů绰£ҹ˾ȱһĸλнΣЩĵʵ
׿ЦһʶʶвУҪȻһĵ绰
СӣǲǣɫһЩĿ׵
Ҫ㶯ԣΪ˲鷳ȻҲȶˡ
ŪǵԱߣ׳ѾǳΧ˹
أ
һ׳һȭֱӺ׵ǰʵʵķһ졣
ţͿֱӷ˳ȥһǸǵϡ
Ǳ׳ֱӸУһӻԱߡ
̽˼ӵʱ䣬¥ĿѾȫľۼߡ




042ڣ
 

ô£
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ܿϢʹ˶¥ڰ칫ķֹ۵ĸ֣񻪵ĶУɿĴӶ¥
һŶÿ֮ìܣҪġ
һŹݵĿ˿ɶһЩǸˡ
һҪһЩطǳһЩĻ¶æĹǺġ
֣ܡ
һ֣ܹˣȥ˱Ҳ˲һ䣬ίĺܡ
С⵽ô°Ͻ120Ⱦ˵
֣񻪿ڵϵǺڣҲЩ˵
޿ص֣ܣһˣղѾȷһţСƸȥӡһݺͬţǵȥ˺ܹȥһܵˡ
֣ܣġСҡҡͷƺʱȻܹ˵Ļ
˵ܼ򵥣ǾǱߵĿˣϷ߿ͻŮˡ
Ǹǿ϶ǿó׺㳿ûʲôǮôĵӡ
Ҫ֪һ˭طϷ˵Ůˣǲ  һŹʲôط֪ܲ
յ۾ʵ֮ǰΪ׺㳿ĲҲǱͼӴ׵˵˵˵Ǹѧǲܱȡ
ҲΪ䣬ͣҸ㳿Ҫ绰ôһ
ĻǻĲôĵӡ
֣񻪿СƳôģϸʰȥ
֣ܣû
СƵᶼˣҸôСƸոձҵʲôûй顣
ټѹܹʧȥһݹ
һŹݵۣȻʱûõõɹǵнҲ൱ĸˡ
һøʲôɵĻǾǶаˡ
㻹Ʊǰɣ֣񻪳Ҳѻظڶ飡
֣ǰɣ׿˿֣ЦһҴģҲȶҲŴġСƣ˼һĹϵûУ
֪ģ֪˭ͨŵܲã֣һʹļ׵ӡ
˭ʲôϵֻ֪˶ִңΪԱ˶ѣ׳
֣ʵҲԲ˵ġ
Ȩ຦ȡᣬܱϾǵǱڿͻ⵵ӵĻֵöǧ۶ˡ
һأҲӵˣôȥȥأ  ԣ۾˵ϹҲҪ
ЩʱΪ˽ǮԷԼģ˻ڡ
֣񻪳㡭ŵùɣ
ʱѾǻתѣû뵽׾ȻսôֲղǿԼڰ
СӵϾȻӾͱ˼ҸŪˣԼԼĲڣķˡ
ˣҲ˵ˣԼһα
ȻˣԼҲЩ飬ϾϷ˱ȡ
תѣ̴ǰǣϲȥ˵ܣû°ɣû˰ɣ
ûûУֻǸСӡ
ǽ˫ۣǰ˵ζЩԡ
ϽİɣѾˣһܣûкùӳԵء
㳿ЩߵĿǸӵһԹŮ
Χ۵ԵôĴ̶
Ȼ컹ûǸС㣬ȥҴӡһݸղ˵ǸʲôһŲһǸĺͬ
ҲøһʶˣҪĻǰѷӸȷ
㳿ף̵һЩǮ
İɣԺͻ֪ˡ׳
һԵСǱߣһȻ֪ˣǰôҲһŵ˰
֣һʵҪʲô
ôҪʲôйϵ㻹ܲһզΣЦһ֣ûκεĺӡ
֣ɫһڣһԵСƵҪĸ
͡ڵǸСʿˮȻû뵽׻˵Ļ
ļٵģλ
֣񻪵̬̺תҪĻǾе  ҪĻ˼ʲôʵԼղô˼˵ǰ˼Ҹ  ûʲôļٵģڣˣ
׵Ļ쳹ˡָǾһը˵Ķԡ
˻ⶰҪ֪ⶰߺܳʱ䣬˺ֵܶ࣬ûеġ
߰ļ۸úܶȴ
һԱЦһţ˰ˣ
ָ磬ôܵҵĵ
֮ʱһſִѼñ˽Ŷ䣬һӣϻһЬ




043ٶݵ
 

һŹݵ¥  ֣񻪴ż˾վڴ룬ڿҲû
һˣл˳ͻǸʲôʱ⵵ӵĻѴˡ
׾˵˵һŹݼ۸Ϊ߰ıʱڳ˼š
֣֮Ҳǲŵģǿһ˵ͦ㣬һЩ׼
һ𾪺ã֮ʣһҴſկѼñӣ֣񻪵΢΢ü
Ҫ֪װҪǷǳĸߵģȻǿˣҲӡ
׿˿ˣ֪һǻ˼
ȻˣԼĶǿ˵Ļ¾ͳԼҲһˡ
컹ģ쾹Ȼͱˡ
㷢ҲأһΪ㲻أЦŵ
˼һֵôأҿţ·ûüʹָˣ
ðɣҴˣʼһ£ͽ㳿
ͽܣ˼˿㳿΢΢һЦҿͽܰɣ˵ָ磬ôЩŮΧתأûʲôؾ̽ң
¥ڣô˾Ϳ죬·Ȼûܹϻ
׺ͻ˼˵һ֮׵ǼһԷҪȻҲȥ
´ΰɣһѾˣҪ̸Щ飬ɣ˼һ㶣Ȼû뵽׾Ȼ˸
һΪרҵģ˰ҲǴȤ˵
ѽѽ¼£Ʋ˼Ҳʼ磬˿һԵ֣񻪵߸˭
ҾһŹݵ۸֣񻪣£֣û˵
ϽȥҺѵˮŸ˼ʹʹˣղʱΪſ֣Ҳûϵó
ȴûз⣬һûС
ԼŷŵĸܲáٶˣһѲ۾Ϲ
Ҹ㵹ˮ֣񻪶Цˣʱվ֣ܣҪҪҺ⼸˺ȥ
˼һ㶣֣񻪵˼ҿҪӵĿͻ˵Ҫ˼ҺȥһŹݾôӵģ
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ΪӲŮǲǣ
˼ʵ߲һԵ㳿ҲʵĲУŻ˼ֽ֣к

һ˼֣֣ĵ̾ȻҴԱˣ
ܿ죬ĸ˹  ˼ֱӰԼİñһˤȻԼĿһָ֣ЦҪǶңӡ
ٶ
֣ﻹ˼˵ʲô˼ѿժһ˲䣬˲ûлȥ
ٶȻˣôϢ
Ҫ֪ʱٶھǲμһµ꿪ҵĻû뵽Ѿ˽һŹݵ۲ֳ
Ҳûнӵκε֪ͨ˵ٶҪ˶ˡ
ԭ˼֮׼õһ˼ӵʱѾڣ˵ɴ۾ǰǸˡ
õĶĿ˭һ֣˼һԵѾǲסˡ
ȻЩǮǸǰλȣǼֱëë갡
˼һСĴָ¾ܹԼˣĸ첲šȰ  ڿһԵף⻪˼Ȼָ磬һͷ
Ҳ룬ֱӺһ¶ŶЩ̫ɵǣոߵſӣ֪ΪʲôԶͻȻʧˡ
ֱӳԶѵһײһŹ¥ԶŸײķ飡  Сʹ룬ҲΪȥɱһɣ
ٶҡҴˡ֣˪һĿŻ˼
˼ЦһҴˣҪǽĲңǲǰһǱڵĴͻôˣ
ܶԲԲ𡭡֣֪֣ߵ׵ĸǰİš
ײΪ֣񻪣ǳŻ˼΢΢һЦٶҪҪҸƼһ˲ţ
˲ţ˼Цŵָ㲻˵ԼɣλŮͽܣ
ɣװһۻ˼ȻָָһԵСƵ˵ȷܲǷֵطеĴɫ۾˵ˡ
ָƼĿ϶ûдȻ۸ܲզΣǾͻǲˣòµˡ˼һӰѵӸˡ




044λƸ
 

¥˿̵ѾΪ֮һ䣡  ˼ĵڳйԱǱý⣬һ֣ܵģҲ֪һ϶Ҫùˡ
СƣԼҲû뵽ӻûȥһȻ˻ٶ
һŹɻŷŽֹ˾µĻŷҵ޹˾ġ
ŷҵ޹˾ܾƽһʱܲϵһŹ۲
ԭȻǲԶˣΪٶͻȻ֣绰˸ٶ˿̷ǳߡ
ʮӵʱ䣬˼׻㳿һԵ죬ȫվһԺţȴŻ˼С
ƽսͳŻ˼ڵλ˹ȥ
ٶˣƽŻ˼гǸ⣬Ȼ֪׷ʲô顣
˼˿ƽǰɣ㵽ôµģѵӣû˽ӴҲˣ˼ҪӾȻ䳰ȷҪߣ
֣񻪣ô£ƽŭһһǿ¥һҪÿͻķΪӵǶǷǸġ
ܣʵҲ֣Ǻԩ˴ܲġ
ȻܵĶ飬ɵʱ׵ȷǴһ㣬˵Ǵ򳵹ģҲΪǹġ
ԱܹѷȥԭȻվһˡ
ƽ͸˵ҵ̬ǵһλĻˣȻ֣񻪲ھ͸ҹ
ߣѾˣӰҶˣ˼
ٶʲô뷨ƽ֪ںٶǹؼĶûӰ顣
˼ʾСߵߣСƺǹɵ˹
ʲô֣ʲôѧ˼˿СʵС̵ٶãҽлƾѧѧ
ܣ㿴Ůô˼˿ƽȻƽƽԼ֪ٶ϶ǿŮˡ
ЦŵٶĿ棬е˿϶ˡǰɣһŹĿǰ۴һ׶ΣʽΪŷҵ˾ֹܾ۹˵ʱԴĺܼ㽻ӵġ
ллٶллܣлл
ԭŵǣڻ˼ǰ˵˺ûԼݹ϶Ǳסˡ
ôҲû뵽Լ޾£ȻôϡͿĵ˻ŷҵĸܾˡ
Ҫֹ֪۵ĸܣнǴﵽ˰򼶱İ
ĽĻֹڴˣֹ۵ĸܲȨ󣬶ռҲ൱ķ񰡣
ŷŵĽƶǿ൱ţģӼֱһ漣ˡ
˼ǲЩʵҲһЩ˽ĵġ
һŹݵȻԣɻƲϻ𱬣ǼֵڵıĻڻʽ൱аġ
ȥнܶ࣬ҪдϢȵĻн򲻹һѡ
ҪܹһֵڵķĻһܵλأ
ƽ΢΢һЦܣúøɣδǰ;
л࣬һúøɣЩ˵˿ӶԿó΢΢ġ
׿˿˼ȻϵôӣҲøӰʽΣҾ򶰷Ǽɣ
򰡣ЩԾʵһ㶼׵ܲⶰֵڵķˡ
ٶôףһͷǲһġ
ܣָҪһţ㿴Űɣ˼Цŵ
ƽ˿ףЩֵĴϾ֮ǰûмԼٶȻôһ˼Ҹ硣
Ҫ֪ٶȥԱһܹٶôĸԸ۷ˣ˵ʲôͷأ
ٶҲ֪ؼۡ
ƽҲЩΪѣϵȷٷֵŻݣٶ˼ȻٷֵòƲ⡣
ЦŵǮҲҵģһ㲻ˣˣֱת˰ɣ
Ҿʹ˾ллָ˰
˼û뵽ôĴ󷽣һ˶ҪˣһﾹȻֱӲۣҪ֪һһȥǿǲܴġ
Բٰ飬˵Ǻõˡ
ףԼеһӲ˵ֱӾͱ˻ŷҵĸˣ˵ȥ¶ûš
ȻҪʶһף֪ˣԲԼԼһȦӵġ
˼һֻر͵ĸѣҪ֪˼ԽʶһﲻһĻͲôˡ
ڵĴ󵥣
¥ҲһƬڣܶѾʼŻƨˣȻܶ˻ôӦơ
һϲҳ֣񻪺ǸȻȥǶ˲𷴿ͷ
ҪȥĻҵûа취ȥˡ
ʵ˭˭Լоûֻǹӣڱ׸ֳԭ˶ѡ




045ºϻͶ
 

˼ɲô룬˵ԼһڵĴ󵥲Ҫġ
һ鱾ģ¥֪ܲƽҪ  ֻǸʱȻҪóٶ粻ǣǸСƵʲô۸ܶ˵ʵν
һһŶǮҵõĻȻԼ
ҵõĻҲûκģҪ֪ڵĴһϢǧأ㹻СƼʮĹˡ
˻˼ùģʶʱ䲻׷ǳĸȤ
̩꣡  ڽĵλãҲǽе֮һˡ
̩Ǳ׼Ǽ꣬ǻŷµĸ߶˾Ƶ֮һ
˼׺㳿˻̩꣬ĴִѼñͿֵ֡
֪ʿûʲôĲֵĻʱ»ܶķ
һİڣټֻڷ˰˸λÿһλԱԵǿտޱȡ
ƵǺ
㳿ûľƵ꣬ԵݻĵطȻǸпǧ
ڻ˼һۿʱ൱𾪣  ôҲû뵽һﾹȻܹʶŷŵٶ֮ǰ¥ʱ㳿𾪵Ĳû˵
˵ʵֱڣԼЩ¶ĸо
˼ЦŵСԺԣҵģ
˵˼һⶼûа׿˿˼΢΢һЦ
˼˭˵ûгİС㣬ſȫĻ̩궼ͨõģǳԷס޶ҪǮš
⡭ôأ㳿Щҽӻ˼еźɫĿһԵ׵Цŵţ׸Ķ㶼Ҫ
˵ָ磬㻹һ㶼ǫ鰡˼ЩƵ˵
׿˿˼иĿûȤ
ʲôĿ
˼Ȥײ˽⣬ܵľһͦţƵġ
׶˶ٵи䷽ĲƷܹŮԵձᡣ
˵ָ磬ⶫ̫ˣȻһЩЧЧá䷽ĻҪг
˼δ˵ȥĻӦܹġ
ЦЦ˵ҵĶܹŮơصʮʮңƷܲУ
Բָۣ磬ţڲ˰Ҳɣ
˼Ƶ˵ĺöĻǻˣ  һԵ㳿ȴδ֨˵һʼʶ׵Ļһ϶ڴţ
Դʶ֮۶ʼ߸ˡ
õǱ֮оԼһȫµ硣
Цŵ˲̫ϲţ㲻ŵĻҾԼɡ㷢ƵĻ㲻Ҫܹ˭
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˼һӦǲܾܾһһⶫҪĻԺǮ;Ķ
ôȤˣ
̨ʵһֱڿ⣬ҵһ㡣
ڣһп¶ˮ¶ɽ¶൱ĹЧ
ɽĿյҪɷҲˮ֮ǰȶԹֻҪһεĿ¶ϡͳʮҵˮ
Ҫ֪ɽ֮ڷϣ൱˵õġ
¶ֻҪͨۼɳΪһ͵ĻױƷײ
ȻˣһҲǷǳĸӵģû˼ҪҪѰһ飬ͲҪˡ
˵ô棿˼ҲЩŽˡ
ЦЦں֮ǰҿ϶ǻóһЩƷ㿴Чġ
ЧĻҿ϶˼ЩУ״ĻЧĻΪʲôҪѡһҵ˺أ

˼Ҳ㶣˵ĵȷеģ˼ƾʲôҪһԼ˺أ  ЦЦѾ˵ˣٶҪɵĻʱŶ
ָ磬ʲô˵ɣ
˼һͶҲԶΪȻǹְŷŵĸܲã뻪ŷŵ
һֱڵԼĶ뿿Լ׵ĲҵҪ֤ԼûԼĸҲǿԵġ
׳ôһնȻЩĶѡ
һڣٷ֮һĹɷݣȻˣóٷ֮ʮĹɷݡҸ˼ʱҲޣ극֮ǰɣ
Ϊѻ˼ȻͶʺܴʵҲҪ˼ھͶʲǣ  ǰ͸˼ģʮھͿٷ֮ʮĹɷݣԺǰٱϵġ
֮ǰָ磬ǶʮڵͶʰ
˼Сûôԥ֪˵ģζʲô
ɶʮڵͶʲǸСĿԼѵĿԡ
һ
˼ĶǰףƺҪ׵п鵽Ǽ٣




046Ͷʼ
 

ʮڣ
ڻŷ˵ʲô̫Ŀһ˭֪
ڻ˼˵ļˣ
ֻʧܵĻǲǶ˵ˣԼҲҪصŷְˡ
Լĸ׿ͷЭˣʮû˼ԼóȥԼ顣
ЩǮȫͶʧܵĻҪصŷְ  Ϊѣ
״һ˿޵ЦݿŻ˼ѡȷЩѡ
κ齲ǸԵ֣ɹߺ׷Ȼܶ࣬Щ˺ٻɹ
ҪɹˣȴŵЩѵѡ;
˼˿׵¸񣡣ʮһ˼ġ
˵ʵһ˻˵ôеĻ
Ǳˣ˼϶ΪǸƭӣǰһһ漣ˡ
һ˼͸ȥԼСļһ
ţţ
˼ԥ˺ܳʱ䣬ȴӦף˭񣿣  ʵ·䣡  һɹأʱԵľһˡ
ΪѡоҵģЦЦȻֵ죡
ϣˣ죡˼վֵ
㳿˿ףֿ˿˼ʦ˵Ļţ
Сָΰ˼ҲǿЦ
ݸһЦˣͷɣ˭
˼̾һQлƹг
QигǺǣˣЩĿ˿˼˵˼˹ԷǺأ
ѽָ磬ʵұ㻹ϲ˽Ӵأûа취ǻŷ׼QͶһЩĿ˼֪ڽ׼ҳԷأ˵˼𣿡
⵹ҲǣҺɶ˼ʵ
ָ磬ҶˣȻҪͬʿ๲˰˼ٺһЦ
СҰ˰֪ҾͲˣ
û˵һû뵽Ҫ֪һﱾQˡ
һλ˼ȻQеĸĸٶˣЩˡ
ڻ˼׿Цʱ򣬰ſˣ
ٶٶ㿴·Щ³ˡ
ԼĪʮ£ŨüۣŰɫĶǺɫװźɫƤЬ
гôҴ绰˼ǰŻƹʱ˷·Ƕδһ㣡
ٶҪ˵ڽһûл뵽㰡ƹ΢΢һЦ
˼ѻƹϯλãƹҲûôˡ
гôܹأQеĿÿгֲ֧а˼֮ҲЦ
ǵȻǺǣǻӭһQͶʵͶߣԸıϡƹЦŵˣλǣ
ס㳿˼ҲЦŽ
гãҲǴ˸к
Ůһ˲ŰƹЦȻ֪Сʲôģ
ǸѧǺǣ׻ش
ȻǸѧȴͰг˼һҲŅ̧̀ۡ
ƹЦŵΪܺðܣQпǸõط֪û򡭡
ҾQˣ
˵һ˵ǰѻƹͻ˼Ǳˡ
QˣƹĿ׵֪ȻQˣԼѾQеԼļˣ
ţQбˣ׳˵أЩҧгݡ
뵽ܺͷһһ˵ĺޡ
Լĸĸи֪Լʧ٣֪жôĵء
Ǹ ˵Ҳûôĸ˰ƹЦ쿴ǺöŪ˰
˼Ƭ̣˿ƹгиĿҪQͶʣ֪гǷȤ
ðٶǾҵѣǳҲǼ簡ƹҲЦ֪ҪͶʲôĿ
QͶһרƻױƷġЦŵ
˼ҲǵгĿҲͶ֮һгæûкõĵؿ飿
Ҫõĵؿ飬ҵϣгԸڱһؿ飡Цŵ
ôȻĵһλȥʱҪܵ˳ʧȥζ
ԭûѹǱߣƹһѾȷˡ
أǸطԱȽԶұصĽͨҲƹЦŵͶȽϴĻǶǿԴصķչ
ҲҵԸ΢΢һЦֻӹһ˿Ŀ⣬˭Ҳûо
PSټ2016ǰףԪ֡




047´ַ
 

ڣ
ƹϳЦݣû뵽طԶٷöһͶʡ
ЦŵлܶԼĺ񰮰֪Ҫĵؿ飿ͶʶŶ٣
ͶʶʱҲҺͻٶ׼˶ʮңЦŵ
ʮڣ
ƹһ˷ܵĿףܹʮڵĿͶʵĻһεĽ֮оջķˡ
ΪQһҪһ͵ҵŵĻôǾҵ涼ܹ
ʵʩʱɻٶٰɣѧҵûɣȵڵʱһȥһˣЦŵ
ڣܵ˿϶ȥԹǸʱ϶ǻ˽ġ
ƹ̵ͷӭܻص翼죬ʱһʱҵ绰
гģʱⲻ˻һЩҪ鷳гġ׻дֻƹδó
˼Цŵгһ·࣬ҪȻһ
ӾͿʼ¶ǣг̨ٿһԵĻ˼Ѿɫͨ졣
ܺþ
ƹû뵽ǰȻֻǸѧȻ֮
ԼǸˣɿǰ治ɫĲףоҲز©
г佱ˣҡ
׼ͻƹ׵ʱһ㶣ΪоһˣһԼǳϤˡ
ôˣ
ƹ׻˵һ뾹ȻͣǱߣҲЩ档
ЩǸȻ˵˼ҳȥһϾ
˼ҲǴŹ˵ҲЩֵ׷ʲô飿
ⲻԶΧһȺŹһԵļȻȰţǿȥ̫
ݣŮһôˣҸӶ֣
˵꣬ǸڵϵǼţ֮ʣµļһεĳȥڵϵȭߡ
һƹƹҵ֮ƺ  磬û°ɣǲҪˡ
һ໹ԵŮʱѾ棬ǸԵĺܡ
ǸԼĪʮ꣬һصķΣȥӦǴӹϸճ
Ǿʹң
ŭĿԲɣֻѾһһˣѪ˵˴˱ĺܲҡ
˵˱˵ˡŮϽӵ죬˵ʲô⼸Ѿ˾ƵĿ
Ҫ֪ܹ̩ԷˣǷǸģ
߸˷ʱ򣬱ͷһ£Щ䡣
еĴһƣЩίĸԼѴ绰ͳôһĻ
ģΪӲŪǲǣҺݺݵᣬκҸ𣡣
ͷ˵ӿžһȽϺͷϣ˾ȻԼȨһ  ٣ӣҪطˣ
һŴþӵߵٵĴͷ˵˸ǰ
бۿһþ쾭Ҳӣʹ͵ģҲСӾȻҶִңô㣿
٣Ǳʩûϸɣķۣ쾭˲
ۣǻ̩ԷںôǮզΣٵЦһ
٣ⵥⵥΣ쾭һ
⻹࣬쾭ҺںСǮҪ֪Ц˼ߵļҲǺȻЦƨѾǲڶˡ
쾭˲Ҫ֪ղѾõϢٶ˳Է
ٶ̩߾ȻȺŹ¼ʱϵ¿¶ᵹùġ
̩ľӪǷϣͬҲǹ˿Ͳǣ  飬ʱ׷Ŀ¾Լˡ
ٶǰССĴþʲô  ׻ĳط˹ѾһƬ䣬Ǽǿһ㡣
˲ǱˣĴַ
Ȼ֪ԼĴΪʲôȻܵΪʲôֻڻ̩Ƶꡣ
ȷǰ֮˾ԼĴ磬ǸΪԼѧҵѧҵȥǮԼѧĴ磡  С󣬳ԼĸĸֻԼĸ硢Լˡ
ԼĸַΪԼѧҵѧĻᣬҪַ֪ʱĳɼҲ൱ġ
׼ұͲԣѧϰøס
ղڰڳԷԭҲû浽׷ʲô飬ȵ߷˶Ź֮Ĺ۲һ¡
ⲻ۲첻Ҫһ۲컹һ
Լ״羹Ȼ˻̩Ƶ꣬ұ˴ˣ˲䣬һɱϢѾӵ׵ȫ




048·ŭ
 

̩ͨĳſڣ˿ѾǾۼ˶ʮˡ
Ϊ֮ǰĴܶŹ¼ܶ˶ʼΧ
˭ϲǮûǮģ⿴ּΪһ̬
쾭˵ԼⵥȻҲȥˡ
ַݺݵĶЦһСBӣ𿴡
˵꣬һֻѾַ̧ķһε˹ȥȻʱԼޱȣ
ǣ  ûпкַ˿̺ȴѾǱߵһԣ˵СȹѾˡ
˶ˣ  ԭΪ쾭ЭأôҲû뵽ʱȻ˻һף  ໣
ҵʹú˱˫ȣǲҵĽ쳹¥ͨ
ԭΧ۵Ⱥܶ˶Ҫ׷ʲô飿  ַ̧ͷǰ˵ʱ˶סˡ
ⲻԼ׵ܵ
硭
ײû̫˿̵ǧﶼѾ۳һεĽк
СףôߣַôҲû뵽طԼĵܵס
磬ЩԺڸͰɣΪʲô㣿
һϷδɩӣ
ַЩһԼĵܾܵȻİһ߳˹ֵۣ
δɩӣ¶һ˿Ц⣬ַԱߵŮЦЦ
磬ַŮѿһַۣ֪˭
Сݣ׵ܵܣףַΪԺ˵СܵһֱǼĽ
ԭװСҲ¶һ˿Цûκε˼һס
׿˿ַ磬ȵһᣡ
˵꣬Ѿվźķ˹ȥеı˵˼㡣
ʲô
ԱߣվһԣҲǱŵõһ
һʵ̫ˣֱһž߶˺СȣѾŤεСȣǵĺҲһķ
£
׿⼸ˣĿ쳣ı䡣
ݡ
һƺЩܲѹ֣ǰ׼׿
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׸ǰκεĻᣬֱһȭ˴˵ӣȻһˤһ˵ϣ
˵һΣҹ£
׵԰ǵеĶħһ㣬Щһĭз๾
־壬Ǵûôһ̸о˵Ŀ־壬ǰȥļһǽ  СףɵҪǾˡַ쳣ĵǣȻ˿ǳˬ֪˲ǡ
Լܵʧһ£û뵽طˣԭӦǷǳ˵飬ɳ⵵ӵ飬ô˵أ
ͨ
ǼҲܲ׵ѹȣһҲǺһ㣬̹
ߵ˺ĸǰֱһץźǸһһѾǷϵˡ
ôһɫҰףͷΪʹðϸһε˲١

һβҵĽ˹
˼ͻƹ㳿泳ӵҲ˳
ǿһﾹȻ˱Űľٶ˼ͬʱһղŻĶ̸Ͷʵףת˲֮侹ȻһбĴ֡
ȽɫתҲǸоЩĿϾӣ
ô£˼ſ֣Ѿϰߡ
׸˼źǸ
㡭Ҫɱ㣡
ĵʹŪļҪʹȥôҲû뵽ԼȻһħˡ
˿һѵĻҪǰ߶ԼСȵ˸ͱˣ
ԣ  һ˵ĶУһͷѵŶоۡ
֣Ӳı׸飬Сһӻ˹ȥ
Բ𣬴ҴˣҲӦöִλ磬Ĵˣ˲С˹͵Ǹƨ˰ɣ
ʣµļ˲סĿͷģ￴̣
⼸˲żЩǮ۸۸СѣĺݽɫǲѾǲˡ
ĸȰƣҲ˵ͣҪͣ˵Ļһǵ³
״ûôһȴܲˣԼļ˶˵Ļôɻ޸ë˼  ӹҲҪЩһ֮Է֪ҪƲüǲܵġ
žžžžžž  һһİû˼ڳ˸оЩ̿
׾ôվǱߣûκε
˼˳׵ָ磬ʲôڷô𣿡
״磬Ǵ
׵ĻˣɴĻȴ־ȻͲһУһˣʱһͷŭʨ




049ַķ
 

ָ磬ڲҪ嶯¶нķ𣿡
˼̫嶯ˣҪĳʲôĻʱڲƽˡ
ȻôɵɲŪϾ׽磬ǻѭġ
ϵܣߵ齻㴦ɣҴҸɩߣˡĻ˼ĸ첲
˼һ㶣ͷУʲôĻʱ绰ϵҿ԰ƽ
׿Ż˼ӦַŮѾ뿪˻̩ꡣ
ЩԭҪţɵǿ˻˼ӵʱһŵˡ
˼ĳԭΪҪκ˵˲ƽ
⳵ϣ  ֱַ뿪ʱ򣬻Щĸо
ԼܵܵôˣԭһΪɵĺӣû뵽ԼһμʱѾˡ
ַԭһֱʡǴ򹤣˵Լĵܵܳˣ˵ʲôηǱӡ
ַѹҲţȥѧУȥ˺üΣ˵Լܵܿͬ۴ѧ
ĵŮ˲гʱʶġ
ַŮѱԬСݣˣҾҲʮֵĺá
ַԼһСݣϾĳʵ̫̫ˡ
磬ʡǴ򹤵ô׿ַɴ۾˵Ҳʵ
ַȻ˵ɣ
ܿ죬˾ַ棬ַԬСݵɫǲ̫ÿ
磬ղصĸʲô׿ַҲЦ
ַСףղų⳵˶ӵģһ֪ͨô죿
ͨǺǣȥط־˽ˣ鵽Ҳ֮ˣЦŵ
ʵͨĻѧôϣ֮ǰȻ˽ġ
⵽ô°ַһȻ˵ҪûǮǿ㣬֪ʲôһӿɾͻٵ˰
磬ôܷأġİ齲һ顣
һɥĲ񣡣ȻҪɱ㣿ַߵʱ˽ŵðû뵽ԼĵܾܵȻ飡  ЦһĻˣ
ײûκģϾЩ̫Ĺ죬ԼԼ̫ţοԼʵͽϸأ  ڼ˵֮󣬶ιȥˡڼչءַ
һιһȥһ˵ģİɣ磡
㲻ܻȥҪǻȥĻǰﾯ졭ַһﾹȻҪȥ̳
İɸ磬һλȥҪ˺ÿġڽʶ˲ٵѣѾûˡ
ǿοһַ˵ĵҲʵ飬еȫŤת
Ҫ֪Աݣ˼ɡ
Ǹ㲻СӰַڸоԼЩ͸ˡ
磬˵˵ɣôɩô°׿ַֿ˿ԬСЦŵ
ַԬСҲЦܣҸСʶʵҲɵġȻˣҪΪ֪㿼ͬ۴ѧĻҲܵطġ
ðɣҴ˸磬ӦøﱨƽġЩ˼ЦǱȽϵĿģԼĸ硣
ˣһﱨƽģ绰ǲҪˡַЦŵ
磬˵˵ɩ£ҪеĻ飬ҲϴСˡЦĿַ
ַһֵʱɫһ黹ǵȵȰɣǻء
磬ȻҰ費ͬ⣬ҵǲġ֪ܹң㹻ˡ˵ģǻᣬʲôҲ£
ԬСݿַӣæ
׿˿ԬСݵô˼ΪʲôͬⰡҴ൱ҪȢĻиء
СǱˣСݵ˼ڽӲſϼŮ
ַƵĺܣʲôַڹϴ򹤲ԲȵĻҲҪһʱ䡣
ķȫ֪ǳ󣡣
ߣЦŵǮ⣬磬ֻǮĻͲҪˡ
СӶʲôǮǮ⣡ַһ
ͷҴ׵ˣҲʣˣַӣ׷Щܡ
ԼϤĸ
磬ȥһɩӼңôЦŵ
ȥʵҲ±˼ҸšַЩǵ˵
ԬСЩԹ˵һǵ飬ȥûеĻôǰҵأ
׵ͷ磬ɶ˴ɩ˽£
СӣַЦַԬСݵ鿪ʼתҲǷ




050˼ϸٶ
 

뿪ַסǸطĲܹסˡ
ַ׼ٿǮȥסݣֻЦЦȻ˹ȥ
һŹݵıסѾǮˣԭǰԼĸĸ׽ӹȻһסġ
ڿԼֻסˡ
ѾǸԼĸɩ˳·ˣԼһƤ  ǽ˴ģԼĸɩӹĻǵʱһ𿴿ҲǺõġ
˵绰˻˼ЩҪ뻪˼æ
룬Լûǲ㣬ԼûмҲûа취顣
ѧ֮󣬻ȥѧգ
˵ָ磬ǹݰǸһСȺַԹ۰˼һӵ׵ĵ绰ֱӵ
ЦЦܣⲻǳ嶯һû˰ɣ
ʲô飿СӿңʾԲ׷ˡẰһ˼ҲЦ
ʵ˵Ⲣʲô£ֻǾһﾹȻôͣûпó
׺ٺһЦİɣԺһᲹġˣܲܰҸһ
Ҫʲôҳĳö඼̫ãܳԽҰƤ˼Цʵ
ԽҰɣҸҪȥɩӼҵˣܲܰ㶫Цʵ
˼һƵ˵ָ磬ҷ֮Ҷ㱣ķ汣˰

Ҳһʱʵ˼һﻹͦģһˣͲˡ
ʵ˽⻪˼˼Ҫô棬ҪǸĻǾͷε֡
ˣϰɣˣ֮ǰ˵ҪȥQͶļٵİ˼ʵ
׵ͷȻˣƷȵһø㣬ʱΣ
Ҳ֪һ˵׿ײףҪ˵ôĻǿķ˰
˼ڻҪһҵҪ֤ԼһԼӰ֮µˡ
ԽˣʵԽǿϿɣ
׺ͻ˼һᣬȻ͹˵绰Щڵ绰˵ġ
ڶ磬һͺָͣλá
ӳһīӣ֮Цʵ𣿡
ǻ˼ɹģ׷ʵ
ǵܣҽ壬ԽСţǻٶ˾֮һٶ˵ˣԺʱ
ֲӸոľˣ˼˾˾
׿˿壬оĳһϵıӦǸӡ
ЦŵŸ磬Ǿ鷳˰
˵ﻰٶĿˣЦŵ뿴ĶٶΪ׼ġ
ɫʲôô󣿡ʵ
Цŵٶûдֽȡֽڳ棬Աʱ֮裡
һ˼ϸ尡ЦЦȻ峯ַĳǱ߿˹ȥ
һ·ַۣܿסԬСӦûлؼңסַˡ
ַһ绰룬ϵǷһЩ
ַԬС߳ʱ򣬿ͣһӵԱߣַҲǸϽ˹
СףǸʲôǲЩͷԵĶַȻô˵л൱ĸˡ
⳵ȥɵģȻ֪ʲô
ͺڱ۸߶˵ƷƣһͺΪȳףŻơ
Ҫ֪γһƣǿǷǳĺġ
һԵԬСиˣַĵܱܵС鵹ͦء
ԬСڻ̩깤ȻҲǼģĺҲǵһμ
Ȼ⵽ʲôǿԿó⳵ȷǳĲ
׿ԼĴЦŵҵ׸磬İɣ⳵ѵģûµġ
ѵİû뵽Сû죬ĵǲַҲûϸ׷ףʮֵĽš
ЦŵöѣԺпո顣ڻǺúõôȥδĸ￪İɡ
ȥҲ̫ðɣףһͣ·ˮʲôĴȥֵַȥЩš
ԬСҡҡͷûµģҲǸ̬ȣһȥҪҵѡ񣡣
ûԸһԭΪԬСݣҪδɩӵǲĵϲԼĴ硣
˽Ŀ飬ɻôִŵĻԺͽˡ
磬ͷȥɣҶ׼ˣȡһԸ㶨װ뿪Ц˵
ַЦŵɩӿɻԱأô˵ɲ
ԬС΢΢һЦԿóʵҲ൱Ľŵģһߣ΢İһЩ
PSֵǣԪ֣2017ˣ




051׼Ů
 

нĳСһСʱĳ̣νǽеĽˡ
ԬСݼҾסСʱǲǨʱģôҲǸڡ
ԬСݵϰʮգﲢûʲô˹ԬСݵĴ󲮣ڽҲûʲôˡ
ÿʲô飬˶һ۾ۣȻϵզɱϾݾôǣ  ԬСݽΪʲôҪַΪַһ׵ˡ
ӡԬСݵȻҲϣУһŮĲһһеĻֻһǾҪһԼõˡ
ﲻĻǼǸǸһܹô أ  ԬСַ˵ǼҵļҾǳĲãSʡQе¡
һµദԬСݳ׵İ֪࣬ԸԼõˡ
ĻϲİԼİ裬û뵽ȴ⵽Լķԡ
ԬСݵĸĸ͵ĲҲиӣһôܹԸأ  ͣ  ż׵ĺ棬һԵַСףôܹѸණأ
Цŵ磬ܲģҲʲôʱˣŸˣͷǰ߰ɣأ
ԬСݳЦЦлл㣬Сף
˵ɩӣˣҸ絣ŵ㰡Цŵ
ԬСǿװ򶨵˵ûģҾҳߣһܰôأ
׿óʵԬСݵĺܽţͿԸоĳ
ĵĿ¾ˣǴ˺ġ
ǮңΪԼҸҲҪԼĸ
ԬСݵļУԬСݵĸĸɫ̫ÿ
һҹԼŮȻûлؼң⻹ʷϳֹĵһΡ
ƽʱĻǿ»ûôĵģ˵̸һصѣûûҲˣǸʲôصĽˡ
˵㣬Сʲôʱ˵ԬСݵ̣УԬС̼Ǯˡ
ƽʱ˵ҲǸһȵָоΪǼǮҲӦˡ
ӣСӰȻ˯˾ˣһ϶ְֵգ⺢ƽʱТ˳ˡԬСݵĸЦŵ
㣬ⶼ쵽ʱ˰Ǽҿ绹иҪأһɾǼʮ򰡣ԬСݵ̳
˰ɣӣӼҵ͵ŵɣԬСݵĴһԵ
˵㣬ҲΪ˶СݺǲǣҸ˵֮ǰһеģ˼зءҪСݼ޹ȥĻ׼ĺġԬСݵ̷оŮһ㣬żҳ̡
İԬСݵĸҲ˾񣺡ðޡ
ˣ
ĵΪؼĻʱһԬСݵĸɫ΢ÿһЩ
Ͻ˹ȥȻţɵſʱȴԼŮ˻ˡ
Σ  һĻĳʵ̫ΣԬСݵĸ׾Ȼ˽ٴìܣԬС֪ʱԼĸ׿϶ܷġ
˭ְֶǺӵأ  ϼǲСݻ˰ԬСݵĸԬڿ泯ſŵĹϼ
ϼҲԬСݵĸףʱǱߡ
Сݣǣ
ϼһӷӦ˹һԵļʵ
ԬСݿ˿Լĸ׵ַַĵܵף׵ѡ
㡭Ƚ
ϼҪһ뵽Լɷʮգסˡ
ַܿ˽׺ŴС˽ϼɫ΢ĺÿһЩ
ϼ˭ԬŽļˣҲǱߣһԵҲǴ۵С۵Ŀ⼸ˡ
ַЩĿԬãҽַСݵѣ
ԬСݡ
ԬЩһĿԼŮû뵽ԼŮȻѡϰνѸˡ
ҪĽ
ԬСݿ˿Լĸ׵ַ֣Լѡ񣬽ʮ٣˼ôĶ
ֵǮͱЩ𣿡ԬȻŭŭһӵ
̷ϢŭϢŭСҵǸ˵鰡ô̷һȰο
ˣһϵĹܹСҸ𣿡ԬʱЩײϵζ
ԬС裬ҪҹһӵˣֲǸǹһӵˣҵѡǿҲ ҸҲգҲǵġ
ѾͷҲ㣡ԬһԵĲ豭׼ַȥɵ֪ԼŮҡ
׵ԱߣۼֿĽԬס׳ԬǰɣҿͲĵİŮ
ʱҲЩŭˣ




052¼ŮŮ
 

׿ԬҪԼĴַ˲͸оˬˡ
Լܵί̵ܹסԼĴίԲ̵ס  Сף˵㲻Ҫ죡ַ˵д̣̺ǳ
ʱСݵĸͷϣһȥԼϽ
ԬԱߣЦһӴǼ޸СĸǰС𣿶Щһ˰ɣ
ɲզأҸǼС˵ˣǽڣһڻŪءѾͷƫƫ
ϼҲЩˣоԼЩѵǰǶ档
׳ڣܵԣ
Բ˵˭᣿бҿԬСݵ
ԬСĶ˳ַվһҲЩ֪룬ȫû뵽ᵽز
ڲˮûкȵͱôķڿࡣ
ǿԬСݵϣַͻˣҲһˡ
䣬㹻ˣ
һԵ̷ȻǳԼŹ䣬һɤӵǰһԵԬ͹ϼһ
ʲô谡ˣ
俴ԼɷȻԼУоԼԼĽǰûӡ
˼СݵʲôϵߺҲ廰ʲô򡢶㣬ж︣ҿǾͲҪ߾ˡ
̷ƽʱһͨˣʱϣȻ˵Ļ
һԵԬҲסˣΪƽʱڿٲһġ
ΪʲôԼŮһˣʵһԭΪӡ
ղǸʲôַĵܵ˵ûǲȫȫΪԼŮʵǻһ־ΪԼӡ
ǿҿӽˮۣϼ׶㣬ܲѰѹأӵĿ˿ǿ鲻ԼҵͿЦǰɣ
ǿҲǽϾѹأͰѵأ֮ͷʶ̣
ǿһʲôˣȴ˸ղŵļʶһ
Ķ˵ûһģ  ʲôڵĲԼĶҪȥĸҵĻʮ֮һǮˡ
˼һţȻôصһ˸ɵó  ַʱͦˣܵȴһ㶼Աߵһһ㡣
ǿЩ˾Բ򵥣˵ĻôôصĶأ  ǿҿƤǰɣ俴ԼͷӸԼϾҪǰ֡
׿ǰˣȻԬ˵㰮ŮǺãŮΪҸҸΪʲôͬ⣿
ҲͬɵȻܼ򵥣һûзӣڶûгӣûбػڣ
ԬĵʵֻҪиӾˣַͲ˳ۣȻȻҲͶ
ȥֻһǮֵ⡣Ȼ˵Ļ㿪ֱۡ˵˵
Сף㷭ǰɣַ׵ɫѾѿ˼㣬û뵽Լ׵ܾܵȻʱҡ
Ԭ͹ϼ׵ӣѾĲ˵ˣһԵĹǺܲ˵СΪǸʲôܵߺģǾǿǮôˣóСߣ
ǵЦһ
ôҰѻߣó¾ͳˣ˵ģ
ڹ俴һôôǮôǮĻϼһһܲͬ⣿
ڽӻɵģȻķһֱܹ󣬿ɽ߼۸Ҳûôĺˡ
֣衭
ԬСЩŵĿԼĸĸȻ֪ô˵ܲʣɵԼĸǾӵʱĶˡ
ַпɬԼܵᣬܳ嶯
ѾļˣֲֹԼĵܵܣҪֻֻܹԼܰɡ
ţѺ׳
õģܣɿĳ˹ȥ֪ˡ
ǿô㶵ĿףһԵĹϼЩסԬգô˵Ҳ˼ȳ˷˵ɣǾôһŮѲ롭

ԬһץԼͷҲʹ֮С
һԵĹ㡢ǸʲôʹʹҪȻǺСݰ
ٶȺܿ죬ֱӿһӽԬСݵļС
˿˵ĿⶼۼϣһԵ׺ԬСݣǶ֪ȥɶˡ
һԬ壬ֽʣµֽʹ
װİһӣ˲ɢŴѴѵĳƱ




053ͺ-
 

һõĴ쳮ƱôɢڵϣֽĳһӾʢĸо

˽ĿɿڴôҲû뵽һﾹȻϴôֽ
ܣҪĻһСʱ֮ڣҿеٸͼֽ
仰粹һ㣬ʲôǰ⼸
ǿȻиǧۣôǮҲֻεʱ
ʱӵӡ֤Լ뷨ǰ˾ԲʲôˣղԼֹȷġ
ɺԼ˼ԬҰôõһүôˡ
磬㻹Ÿʲôɩ߰ɣ׳
ǡַоЩԣϾԬСݵĸĸҪҪô
Ȼ֪ղ˶ԼͦģϾС  ԬСʱѾ˦˼ֽ𣬶˵Ҳûʲô𺳡
֮еֳֻ׵ĺԼԼĸвӦ޼۵  ļ򣬾ԼĸĸԼоһ
Ŷ  ַԥƬ̣ǶԬСݵĸĸһСݴģϷģ
˵꣬׷˹ȥ֪һԼŮǶôί
׿ԼĴ׷˳ȥЦһŮԼģǿԸõûȫףǡнţܹɣΪνӣԼŮϾ·ĸĸǸĸ𣿡
Ҳ߲ѣȻҲ֪ʵ̫̫ĸĸ
ǵķԼͷϵʱǸоߵĺܡ
ΪԼ˴磬ԼͽҪʧȥԼİŮˡ
ȥҲǽ󣬺ܿʧǵҰ֮С
ǿϽŴ濴˿ⲻãһһεľͺ֣ҵθ찡
ʲô
涮˿ֻǿһˣһΪԼһEĽγƽʱжоӡ
û»ϲоһ³ӣЩȻоĶˡ
ղԬСݺַϵˣ˶ʲô˰  ͺ֣  Ѿͣĳˣֳԭͷǳ٣Ҽ۸Ϊİ
һۼ۶Ǵﵽ1300ңټϹ˰ͱգûи1500²ġ
ֳʲôǻԵġ
ǧСɫʵҲ̸̸ֻܹۣ·ϣҲĳ
ղžȻˣԼֶŮȻȥˣʲô
ղҾǱߴԬͬǵ飬ǲ֪˼⼸ֵǮǿһɸֵӵ
ǮЩʵҲоĲԾ
һԵԬ͹ϼ۵С۵ĿǿƺڵǿǴɽ
ĶǸʲôⰮ˵ı־㲻ʶǿŭʵ
⡭ΪǼٵأʵղûע⣬ע⵽ˣǰˡ
ɿһӣȻ˿ۣʮǧˣҵĹԹԡ
ܿ죬ļҲ˿ûһǵʮġ
⼸ӣǶǼֵ߰ʮĶˡ
һˣ˼ҾȻ߰ʮ򣬶˻Ϊ˼ûзӲģǷ̡
ɵ˰ɣ֪ղСϵʲôͺ֣ǿһҺܶӣ˵Ҳֻһ˶Щˡ
ϰĳɣǼҵĳãЩ̾˵
ޣǼ⳵Ҳ˼һꤣǿƵ˵ԼʮıEڱлꤶɡ
ϲһһէģǵĳôҲǸۣʹɡܲ˵
һԵĹϼҲǵǿҲҪ˵̫ˣ
˵Ĺˣǿһվˣⲻ  ̣Ѿˣ̵ԱߣһʮͷŮվ̷˵ûĳҲͲһꤣ
Сƣļٵİڲ̰ϼɫ൱ѿ
һԵԬҲǵСƣҶ̷˵˵
ͺ֣ٷۼ12986.0lοɽԼ1440򡣱ϵи߶ƷƣȫСǶһ˵̷򡢶̣ò˵СݽĻҲ޻˵̫ˣ
ǿһ˵ھͺڰɣͺְʲôʱܹմմСݵĹһʱȥţҲиͷ
Ԭ͹ϼһƨ˵ϣǱоͿԿóʱѾǺڲ




054ַ򸾵
 

ԬСݶŶ֮ʱѾ棡  ԼԼĸĸоֵôǮ𣿴ûһ˵ġ
ַֻܹӵԬСݣʵҲ൱ơ
ԼĵܾܵȻһó˼ֽ˳ʱҲǱߡ
Сף˵ʵôǮ㲻ġַг˵֮ɫ
Цŵ磬ͷİɣЩǮԼ׬ġԺͻ֪ˣԺ󹤵ͲҪȥˣɩӾͰҹһƤɡ
ԬСϳ֮ҲǽĻСӣҲ𾪲ѡ
һܹóֽ𶼲գ۵ˣ˻Ƿ
˿ַڿ˿ףо˲һˡ
ƺַҲ֪׵ʲôģ˵ԬСݶַҵʵ̫Ϥַĳ
ƤԬСЩֻһƤ֪ġ
Ҫֵ֪ʱǰһЩѻЦ˵Ҫܹطһ٣Ǿ淢ˡ
ƤһٷͣҲҪǧǮġ
ܹѵĵطȻǲܵġ
׿˿ԬСݵɩӣҲ֪Ƥ
Ȼ֪ˣҲ൱ţİԬСݿ׵û뵽Ȼ㿪ģ
ַ˿׵ôأ೤ʱ䣿Բܣ
ַȻ֪Ƥʲô⣬϶һҵɣ  һµʱôôǮأ  磬Ҷ˵Ժĸ˵һ仰仰Ҳ˵Ǯ·ǳ
ײòһεǿԼǮ·ʵԼĻԼҲŵġ
ܿ죬ʹżһŹݣ
һŹ¥ʱǰ̨һЩ飬ոյϸܵڻЩ̫Ӧ
ͷ߽ʱѾЦ档
ܣ˰
Ҫлһˣ˾ףĻԼѾǱɨسˡ
ɨسţ۸ܣȻ黹ǺǷȱȴֺܶ˶ڰӦλ
Ҳ֪ȫǿ˻ٶϣôأ
ܣ֮Ͳô˰ɣЦŵ
΢΢һЦܣǣ
ģҸɩӣ֮ǰǶʲôʱסʵ
ЦŵھͿסеҶõģ֮ǰصؽԺҵȫ⣡
УǴҸɩȥɣЦŵ
˵ʵԼڻûпӵ׳ʲôأЧͼȷǷǳݻġ
ַʿˮСף㾹Ȼڽˣ
磬㿴ܵӣ֪ĺܲˡղҼҵʱ˼һóˡ
ԬСݵ˷ӣǱϳҲ¶޽ͷǣ  ܿ죬ԼʻŹ۹⳵һŹݵһű
⡭ǡ
ַԬСݿǰⶰŷʽıʱ˶ˡ
ǵӡУķҲǸһ֮ƷǸû
ڽһױҲ֪жǮˣοǰױƺƽЩĲ̫һ
磬ɩӣԺǾסߣȵһȥѰͽҲӹǲ֪ߵķ乻סЦŵ
̵ģһʮңǹõġ
öǮ
ԬС𾪵Ŀǰķӣ̫ҿȺլ
ԭҪ޸ַֻǿʵ޻û뵽ַĵܾܵȻôĳϢ
ЦŵɩӣҼŻһܻġ
٣ڣ
ַЩˣʲôԼĵܷܵô̵ʱҲôǮİɣ  ַȻʶ̫㣬ɻĳʶеġ
һԵԬСתͷףҲһ𾪵ʵף㡭㲻˰ɣ
ЦŵôܣҪ֪ٶѡ
ٶ˭ԬСЩɳʵ׵˼ҲĻŰ
˼ٶЦŵ
ٶ
ԬС˶ˣҪ֪̩ҲǻŷŵĲҵеĻٶԼ̩ٶ
ǰǺǣǾͷסɣƺַԬСݵĵġ
ԬСݿ׵ʶٶ
Цŵ磬ɩӣסϢһʱ䣬˳ҿҾߵʲôģһſš飬Ժһһһ˵ġ
ԬСݺַЩȻĵͷһƬã
PSֵǶ֧֣ɢİл




055Դ׵ѧ
 

̫մأԭЩ糿𽥵ıһɹɵȡ
ոս£ȻѾɰ¶Ȼ൱ĸ߰
شȻ̫ȣмŵˮ˸о൱ơ
ͬ۴ѧ  Ǵһѧӣÿʱͬ۴ѧַǷ
⼸һֱԼĸ磬ٴҲҪȥϾڼ˲ΪҪġ
ֻһͬ۴ѧ˵δ֪ѧУǳڴ
˵ǰΪԼϲ˾ǴѧоƵĻѾȫû뷨
У԰ſͥеӣҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
רҵ
ĿǰITҵʱ±ȽŵרҵһûаԼרҵˣҪȻĻԼѧʲôרҵ¶˶ˡ
뵽ܣһŭӿͷӱȻҲһ̣
һ£ҪرˣǸʱǸܺͷһ˵ʱˡ
ͬѧ
һĵҲͦ˧һŸ¼ȡ֪ͨͬ۴ѧſڣҲӭȥ
ǵġһҲ֪˵ʲôͷ
ĸרҵİҴȥǸ˧Цŵ
רҵġ¼ȡ֪ͨݸλѧЦŵ
ŶԵְҲǼϵרҵġҽй˳
˳Ϊ飬һαŹ
ѧãҽף
׳Ĺ˳ЦЦ˵ĺøһ˺ܶࡣ
ף˳ЩĿʵһ˿ޡ
ѧʶңѹûеѧУôʶأ  ˳һֵ˿϶ʶˣǱ߱˵ɣͬ۴ѧһУ˵һľǽ׵ģû뵽쾹Ȼҽˣ
һ
׵ЦЩɬԭĲͬ۴ѧѧģѾزˣȻҲûκεİ취ˡ
Ҿ˰ôõĳɼӦϾǴѧһⶼûеİɣôῼͬ۴ѧأǲϾǴѧͬ۴ѧõѧУҲв٣ǽҲһ
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׸Ҫ˵ȴ˸
˳վסһ˶װŸŹ˳
˳һ˵֣ʲô˼
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ֵӿŹ˳гŨŨս⡣
˳ЦһôˣҸ꺭һԷѲҪͬ⣿
Ҫǲǣ֪׷꺭һô°
ֵĻȥǳİԵԼ׷ŮȻñȥӴ  Ц׷꺭׷Ѳȫ綼Χתɣ˵ˣ֮ǰĶţǲˣ
˳Цһ
νţ
ư볡ǳ򵥣ľǼٳӵˡ
ѧܺܶ鶼ǿһЩġ
˵ĶԻѾ֪һΪĳŮԴء
ߣ˭˵Ҷţ˵ģһø˽˶ѡ֮Σ˵ˣǼҲ˼˵ܹӮң
ԭΪһŹ˳Ҫأɿȥô¡
䲻ͲҪģ
˳мÿһ֣г˱ӡ
ݣС˵һ飿䲻ָҲٶһΣЦһ
ٶһΣʲôҶİ꺭ɲǴĵĶ󡣡˳
ǧ飡Ҳң
ֵĿŹ˳ĳУǧǻҲһѧµˡ
ǼҾõģһһǧѶͨͥ˵Ѿ൱ˡ
ȻֵļҾһ֪ǲ
ǧ飿
˳һһѧѲŲǧ顣
ֿŹ˳ʧɫӣһЦҶǸүǣҪˣԺԲ׷꺭Ҫ˲ҶģԹԵĴ꺭ǰʧ
ΪʲôҪģ
˳ɫһıһӾôҲй
һǮﵹӢۺ  οǧأ˳֪ԼԲܶĵġ
֪ӮҲҶģҪһ˵ʱѧѶղˡ
˳Ҳ˼׷꺭㻹ҪаּĿŹ˳
ѾǷУ˳ŭĿֵ
ѧҪȻȥ
һŹ˳˼Ҫء
˳ɫһͷҲصĶ׵ףߣ
Ӱ˾͸үү˵һҲүү⻰˵Ļ˼㡣
˳ŭڸѧǰǶ˶ˡ
ڹ˳׼嶯ʱסתһԵֵǧ飿




056±ӦսĹ˳
 

ͬ۴ѧУſڣ˭Ҳûע⵽⼸˵Сͻ
ǧ飬һѧ˵֣ҲһʷǳĿˡ
һѧ˭ܹóôǮһ£Ӯ˹Ȼϲһأ  ֻںǧǮɹ˳һѧڵҲǧǮ
ôô嶯أ  ղһ˵ǳˣҪˡ
ҲֻӣǱվżء
С˭
ֿ˿ЩףһУȻѾһѧЩѧоǸҡ
׿˿ֵ
һһҸôţƣҲ˭
ֵг̣һȻҸԼô˵ˣ
ײʵ˭
СӣǲǣֿôţһӱQ
֣ʲô֪Źĺ𣿡˳Цһ
ݣеǻŪǣ˳Ҳһ仰ľҲǸѵģ
Цһг䣬Ź˳Ǻµӣ鱩ˬ
ҡ
˳Ҫ嶯ҲûôǮܴӦ֣  ׶˶ٵѧȻҪӦս
Ӵû˳û뵽磡ֱͷһףһﾹȻһӡ
ף㡭
˳û˼֣û뵽һﾹȻԼʹӦ顣
ԭûκεĹϵڰ˼Ҷˡ
ãǾͽ򳡣Цһż뿪ߡ
˳ŸԴԭ˧յͱһıȡ
ѧڿԴȥĵط˰ɣЦŵ
߰ɣ
˳һ鶼ûУǧ鰡Լ쾹Ȼ׸ˡ
Ӹȴ˸Լ׼ȥˡ
ѧ㲻ҰɣЦʵ
ûС
˳ҡҡͷܹ˵Լûôˡ
׹һֵѧҿ㶼޳ˡôģȻҴӦģȻеֻܺúõȥˣ
еǿǧǮ˳׾
ҵĵ绰ҿ϶ȥģİɣȻҴӦôҲѧǮģҵϣѧӮǸʡ˺öǮôЦЦ
仰˳ҲǺ˺ܶ࣬ʵղҪӦġ
ΪǮ飬ôܻ˲أ
ʵ˵ѺȻʵ࣬ɴʮٿӮߴΡ
Ļ֣ɱϾ滹ĸʡ
Ҷģ
ȻһȴսӴˣ˵ʵڹ˳Ķ׻൱ĸмġ
˳ű˹ȥǮȻƷͳķ˹ȥ
׵ڵһҲͦģ606
ǰ򳡣վ¥϶ԿǱ˴
׽ʱ򣬷վźüˣлһŮȥǶӣ硢촽ݰף쳣ˮ顣
ף
ǸŮЩĿ˿Цʵ
ǣ
׽컹ǸоˣôԼѾΪô
˳һ˵֮Цŵѧ㣬ô⣿
ϣͬ۴ѧУĴŮͬ۴ѧǼ
ɹ˳û뵽ǣλشŮȻ׵档
Ͽ˿˳ѧܣѧУԱˣô
ûûУѧܹԱǿһϲ°˳Ц˵
ף
ʶ˳ֱӿʼ˹˳й׵ˡ
ţףѧ㲻ǰ൱Աɣ˳һĽ˵ҪȻǰԱɣ
ѧܣҿ༶ѧУŵģҪȻȥУ˵˵üͷһЦŵ
˳ǸȨףҰ͵˰һԷ
Ͽһ۹˳ѧܻͦûлˣиҪһף
˳һ㶣ҡһԼѧܴš
˳治˵ֵĶԼҪǱʦ֪ˣǻˣ  ᵢġϵףҵˣˣ߰ɣ
ȥİ⻹ûиͬѧкأ
Ƶ˵ȻǰĴŮǳˣԼ˶ûдкͱŮԱˡ
ϰһ׵ѧУʳã
˳ֵѧ㣬㲻ҪԷɣڿѧǲǵ˰
ϵĿдһ˿ĵʲôϵ




057׵Ҫ
 

׸뿪ᣬҲûʲôҲˡ
˵ѧУһжİģԭδסУ룬סУסУʵһ
Ŀǰʵ˵һŹݺͬ۴ѧӵ顣
ֻ̫ףҪ򳵣ڿѧУ̫ߵһЩ
Ů㲻Ҫҳʳðɣ΢Цſϣ⵹ǰһ㶣׵ŮĸԱҽϡԺ㺰ظԱ߸ԱԡһѧʳѲǷ겻ɣ
ղ˵ظԱҪҰæЦЦʵ
Եģͬѧ֪ĳɼ㣬Ȼ֪Ϊʲôѡͬ۴ѧɼȻѧУǾҪȰδĵط𣿡
Щ֮֮˵ѧԵľһףֻϧײһѧ
ʼظԱҪʲô˵һ㣬ҵʱޣظԱδܹ
ͬѧʲô˼ʲôʱޣһѧѾѧϰϣʲôطüͷһȥҪŭӡ
׵Աÿһ˵׷һҸ˵׷ȻҲһȻҵˣһиҪһ£ҪȻԶٷ
Ҳң
û뵽һһȻôĴ󵨣ԼôҲǸʦȻҪԼ̸ˡ
ǵģԱӣ׵һ˫۾ĿϣԵ÷ǳ޹
˼һµһѧûжľôУˣҲ¹ˣɡѧУкܶ಻С꣬ҪȻȥǱ߰ɣ
׸ѧУ棬ǸоƵǣѧУΧС˸Բˡ
˭ýǵһ쿪ѧأܶѧǼҳͬѧģԶٷ϶Ǻġ
һŹݸѾʮ׵СϵȻǷǳĳ졣
ѡһĸ൱Ĳиࡣ
֮˿׵һͦϤ
֮ǰʱΧһȦطǲġЦŵطԷԵЩ̫ˡ
ʲôʵģϷʵǳԶٷ
׹һֵظԱ㿴Աߵļ϶£ʦϵģҲǶһ˰ɣ
һ
ɫ΢죬һʼ׵ʱΪһǸء
ڿһԲӣڴѧڼ䣬׷ȻҲǼġ
˺ܿĵϣ׵ظԱղ˵Ҫҵ೤
ô˰Ҫ㵱೤һĳɼͬ۴ѧһõģһ㾺ѡǴһѧϯء
ȻǸոյϸԱɴѧһףȻǷǳϤ
Ҫ֪֮ǰȻûѡУѧϯҲǵϵѧϯġ
һѧ˭ϣѧĸɲⲻһζʵ׻Ҳǳһס
СϲɲѧԲȫСϣԼǰɲѧеĹԱ
ʵҲģֻ̬˸Եתѡ
ԱҪ̸̸࡭Цŵ
ŶϬˣЦŵ
ױĿһ۵ظԱ˵Ҹ氡
ףܲһ㣿ŸϴһȻҸʦô˵üͷһ壬ԵЩ
ЦŵЦҽҪظԱ˵飬ȻˣϣظԱұܣ
ʲô飿
ϲȻı׵Ľˣ˶кĵ  ׵Һһѳһ˾ѧУʱ̶̫ܲϣظԱһ̶ң
˵ʲô̶
Լû˵ʲô̶ʵѾ׵˼һ˼ԣʱѧʱߡ
ǵģڹҲҵϣͨԼŬü˹ĸһЩһ˵
ܣ
ҡҡͷԼһ̸ѧȻԼһɢĿռ䡣
ȥĻԺǸѧԼô˵һ£Ժİ༶滹ܹ  ҪϾԲӦҲܹӦǿӵĻͬѧ֪ÿһ˶ˡ
֪ϲͬ⣬ҿԱ֤ÿһζõѧ𣡡
֪ɼã츳ã㲻ôĻӻ츳ɣϳ
׿˿ϵԱÿһʵԼֵķʽһ𣿡
ʵֵķʽӿγȥν𣿵ʱѧϰɼϲãǺοأ
ϲ֪һﵽôģȻҪƷǳ




058ºڳ
 

׺ϵıһֱţ˵벻ʵҲν
ԼĸԱܹ¼Ȼõˡ
ϾСףղ˵ҲͬģĲԸҵİ༶ҿ˰İ༶ȥҵİ༶ͱҵġ
Ϊε˵ô˵ͨأɣֻҪûʲôĻҿ϶ҪʲôĻвУ
ʱ˵㵱೤ܣҪȻԺҶ
һлǹݵģҲоЩΣ椻ǸԼˡ
֪ĻͲ˵ˣŷβ
ҲܹϣոյϸԱѧҲûκεİ취
𣿳ѧУ
ٷԵ൱Ĳģ״ӦԼ೤оóԼ൱ʧܡ
೤׵ģҪһѧĻ͸˵ıQˡ
˳˲Ĺĵ˾ЩЦ
Ů˧磬ȥﰡ
һ̵ľС꿴׺֮ҲǺܿȥ
ǰǳ⳵
ѽŮԼû³ģﻹźҪǣ
Ǹ˵ŵǷǳĿȴôãΪһ̵βͣҪʮһ
һǿڳģ˭̣
ҲûνֻҪܹѧУ𣿸ղʱҲǴ򳵹ģһȻҲҪˡ
򳵵طҲǱ𲽼΢ôһѡ
ϵͷȻ˳ĺţһߡ
ģ
˶˵ǸҲЩƵĿʵ
ͬ۴ѧУ
֣ͬ۴ѧ
ëߺһ̣Ȼӳ˴⣬ӻͬ۴ѧķ򼲳۶ȥ
ʮҵʱ䣬ӻͣ˾ͬ۴ѧУſڲԶĵط
Ǯ
ϵɿó൱Ĳ죬ôһ൱ơ
ѧͲϹҪǮˣոѣһٿ飡
˵ĵǷǳɣһٿ飿һٿغü˻ܹʣһǮء
ԭѾ׼˶ʮǮʱһﻹǮء
һȥ⳵һŹݸĻҲʮǮҡ
һٿ飿ڳǺڰ
Ͽ꣬ŭһͲ̫ãˣȻ͸ӵĲˡ
һٿǮ˵Ǹ𣬿ɱ׵ĸоһŭ
ףǱ˻ף  ë̵˵Ů׷˧һɶǮ˭ں⼸Ǯ˧磬ҾëҲ£һٿǮʹĸҲˡ
ûǮ
׺Ǹɴ࣬ԼܱһˣֱǿЦ  ݣûǮ
ëû뵽һﾹȻôһûǮҪԼˣ
ϳʮǮԸҪҪԸҪǿҪ³ˣ
³ë·ϵһУЦ㵹¸ҿ
һĸȫˣƿʻԱߣǾҪ
ԭЩֺģһſĳ׵ķ˿
ֵܣѧѧֲǲ֪ҿոʮǮ˰ɣ
׵ϺˣҪԱڳĻһҪùˡ
ܹôĵȰο꣬Ӧøеˡ
㻹ѧ׷Ů˶ܹȥ͵ˣѧһôƯ׷õ
ë˵ĻʵǺеģӦҲǲٵġ
Ҿ㣬³ҪȻҲЩŭˣǰľëٺһЦҪȻôΣҸ㣬ӾǻһģǼһͱŲţ
˵꣬Ǹëóһλεذףȥޱȣ
ɭĵԭ򶨵СһŵʧȥѪɫ
ףܣǮǸ㡭
ʱĺˣҪһı˸ͱˣǵʱԼ¶Ѳ˸ϵ
Ůʶడ
С꿴ϵӣ֪Լذ˾Եá
ʵһԲˬģЩѧԼģ϶ѡϢˡ
˭ԸһƦåСأ  һʱ˼ҹĻԼĸ  ܶʱѡЭǿΪ׵һ
ӴС֣ǻﰡø
ɫͷһѵ  ԭëԶһ٣ײҪϵĸǰ֣һٿǮ˵ûʲô
ǰһԼѾǮˣƯ쳣Ȼɫġ
һֻŵһֻ־Ȼϵ֡
PSֵǣ֧֣л




059ײǹڵľë
 

Ӵ  һҵĺŶо쳣Ĵ̶
ϸղѾЩʧɫԼѾǿˡ
ղҪǮˣһĿľΪ˿صĲǮɫ
ȻǮ֮󣬻ҪϿ͡
ܹܵأ
˼ϵذףʧȥͷˡ
ҪһԼı˸ͱһĻʵǲȥˡ
Լһ־źʹ͵״̬ʱȴҪԼֱֻ׸Ӳİ˹
ǲ  һĹͷֻƺѾǱšѾʡ
ףСġ
ϽŵĲˣ⿪ѧһ飬һôܹܵأ  ЦһСӣѳŴ򿪣
ܿ죬Ǹëʹ֮еذװѳŸˡ
Ϸɿ³ոհѳŹϣһűϵ
һβԶˣþһεİŸˡ
磬Ҵˡ
ëñȷ黹ǰһ̻ţѾǱ׸Ūġ
ףףϽ
⣬ϲϵĴŴǳĽ
һεıëסһҪʲôĻǵʱԼҲھβѵġ
һ̣ϸо൱еģֻйؼʱվ˲ˡ
ԭ׵ĲõӡҲʧӰ١
ڣ  Цһ˵˵೤ʱˣ
ġ࡭
ëоԼĸ첲첻ԼˣԽˣʵԽӲ
ߣԼȥװɣ
׵Ļ·һħԭֱеľë꣬һӱ˳
˵ٿһ˵־Ƿǳѵģ־Ϊʱ
ӵͨ쳹صı¿Ψٿر˵־൱Ѱ졣
Ȼˣһղһӱ׸סҲ־ʱǳ롣
һˣҪٿصĻɽǿҲ൱ѡ
Ϊһ˵˼ΪӵĵطǲɿƵġ
Ȼˣ׶ԸһɱţݣǶһˡ
϶켱ˣװѳŴĳ֮һ
Ͻ뿪¸ղǸץذ׵ļһһεĳ
һŮôŽѧУܶ˶ĽĿףֻԼп֪
ˣ
ϿѾУ԰Щ˵ɫƺûлָһ״̬
ûˣСëҶۿġһν˵
Ͽ׵лл㡣
΢΢ҡͷԱ֮䲻ôɣǸ˶һӢ۾ϷɣҲһⲻ׵ġ
ƶɫ΢΢һ֮ǰ˵Ǹ𣿡
ʲô飿׷ʵ
϶ŵ˵һѺϻ￪˾أļٵİ
Ȼ˰ǺǣԺҵĲƷˣʱѸΣЦŵ
ʲôİҲȤһոϴѧСȻܹԼǴûм
ͬ۴ѧǮûǮĶˣѧõĲѧõҲöˡ
һ˵Լ˾ģͷһ˵ʵ֮ǰһֱǲŵġ
ҵһڣָʲôء
ЦŵױƷŮʿרõĻױƷȥ屣ʪˮܹŮ˵Ƥᡣ
Уҿ㶼ˣҲ˵ˣ⻯ױƷôţҲЩԳЦЦŮȴƫƫ˵Ů˵Ǯ۹ⲻ
չһЦлԱ佱ԱҲģ೤Ҳ岻ݴǣǺ죡
죡ҲЦٹҪʽʼѵˣʱҪͷŶ
û⡣ظԱղŹѧˣͷ´绰ңҵĺ롣
ϵͷԶȥıӰҲ¶һ˿Ц⣬Щʱ򲻾һЩʲôϵҲôǢ
˶ڲϵĽӴзֶԷŵġ
ͬ۴ѧ򳡣
˳һֱûд绰ףȴĳһЩ״δѾͷˡ
֪׺ϳȥûԼҲô绰ߡ
ڣүһ̵˹Щ͵Ŀ׵ףզ󣿡
ѾʼôԼ𣿡׿˿˳ڲʮ˷֣
ȥף߳˵״˳׼е˵
ʲô°ģҲģʲô׾ù˳ЩСˡ
˳ף˵һģһ֪ΪʲôҲӵ绰
PSֵǰæ޺һ£PKҪ֧֡




060±ɵ
 

磬Ҳҵ绰Ҳأʱ˵ĺúõأ˳ԱߣһһĴ
ıڴ绰ҪĻôֵĶ֣˳켱ˡ
ԭ˳һӣ֮⻹ı
ǰڸжУӼģ˴ѧҲϧԵĴһ
˵ĹϵҲ൱Ĳƽʱһ鶼ǳֵܵ֡
ǽȻӵ绰ˣƵĲУ
ۿҪʼˣ˳ͷ󺹣Ҫ֪ǧһĶľְ
Ҫһ˵ĻʲôǶأ
˵ҵˮƽں֮䣬ȱһսģôǾԲֵ˵Ķֵġ
׿Ź˳ѧ⵽ô£
ҲǸоһЩԣ˵ĺúõģôͱأ  ˳ĲûԼֻˤˣֱŵ⹷յؼʱ̸ӵӣˣ
ı磬ٸ˻ôǶ
˳һٴ绰

˳߲ѣǳһΪ崿Ůȥʮ˾ӣǳĿˡ
꺭ôˣ˳ˣƺһˣղǱƢ˲ʧӰ١
꺭ɫÿŹ˳ֵҶ˵ˡ

˳ѹҲû뵽꺭֪һܵԼط
꺭ֵô°ôһθ֣㾹ȻһǧǮ
꺭Ҳûа취ǼһǮѹˣıһƵ˵˳ҲǸˡ
ǱиѵѣǳҲô嶯ɣʲô㲻𣿡꺭Ƶ˵
ҵȻ
˳пԣϲǰŮּ仰ͷĻǸ
һԼԸģ֮ıûκιϵ꺭ҹΪ˸㣬Ǹνĺöˡ
꺭˵ʲôһﱻָˣⲻܣ㡭ô֪ģ
˳һĲţҪ֪һĺֵܣôܱ˸أ  꺭̾һҲ¿϶ġ˵ǧǮʧһ磡
ǧǮʧһ磬ǮǺܺ׬˳ЩԳ˵ȻǮĸǰܶʱ򶼻ˡ
һԵıŭ˵ٵ⣬ӰֵܡҲǸСˣȻĵֶΣǡ
޳ܣ
˳Ҳҧгݵ˵ֲһұԭߵԼء
Ǯţ
꺭ԼǮͳһǧٿǮݸ˹˳
꺭Ǹʲô˳ų꺭ȻԼǮһЩסˡ
꺭̵ǧǮҳԵҲ࣬һ³ôˣǮȥ
òã꺭Լа취Ĳã˳ͷǲ˹һҡ
ʱ԰Ĵʲô꺭ҲЩƵ˵
ЦŵлŮɣҪӮҲǷ
ѧܣʲôôҪŮ˵Ǯ˳Ĳᣬһרǹ  ˭꺭Ū˰ŷԱ߻һˡ
ʶĴһѧܣף˳ǸһǸ
ŶŶŶ꺭̵ͷôһ𣿣
˵˳ڸ˵ҪľǴո
˳ȹϵϣʱʱոôյõأ
ֲ֪ʲôʱѾע⵽˳꺭ĵԼ㣬Ҳûô׼ʱ
ȸʵҲνģʱֿν̩ɽ
ڲ֮أһǰ棬ǲŹء
˳˵õ㣬ûеʱ
ֵ˳Ź˳ķ˹ǰļЦһĿ⿴꺭ʱֱ˱䡣
˳ǻһûе
ǸЦˣҪ˽첻ǻٱأҶ˵ˣ䲻ͲҪ棬ȻҪͱ䲻𣡣
ֵһֱͱˣҪڳ꺭ĸǰù˳̧ͷ
꺭Ϊʲô֪飿ʵϾֹ͸ȥġ
磬ȥ˰ıʵɫҲ൱ѿ
ڵӣĻǾˣЦһ˵֮ﳤȥ  ôô죿꺭뿪֮ҲǼֱš
˳˫ȭݱҧĿڸտѧôʱ˭пհ
˼Ƭ̵Ǵո




061¼תֱ
 

򣿣˳ЩĿ˿ףʼеʱһ󡭡
ֻܹҽˣ
˳һε˵֪ʣµĻֻпԼıķˡ
Ȼûд˶Ь˶ͶTҲӰ
ܿ죬һؽĿʼΪ
˳˶УӵģԭѧУͷǳĳ򳡱кܶʶǡ
˿̣źܶڹۿܶ¥Ҳ˴˳
ֿ׾Ȼ׼ϳЦӴǸһأ
˳֣ԼԼ𣿡
ôǿĺֵܣֵܹؼʱֿ̲Ц˼
ڹĵǮ׼𣿡Цһ
Ǯ׼˾ˣ˳ͬЦ
ѾһƬ֮ܶ˶û뵽ǾȻ򻹶Ǯˡ
ͬѧ֮䣬һ¾Բĸ߶ȵġ
ƺѾǷչһʰľˣȻܶ˶֪˳ֲ͡
ֳĸǶ֤˳һҪҶǧǮһֶʤţĹ˭ȵ21֣˭ʤֱΧˣ  ǧ鰡Щ˷˰
֮ǰһֱ˳ǸһôûǸ͵ġ
ݲС˭ǰôûм
ǱԱ˳߻һˣȻҸǰս
ҲǸĽɫ
µһƬۣϤ֮⣬˵ʵȻġ
Ǿʤؼ־ϤˣҲ֪һﵽǴʲôطðģ  Ŀһ۵˳㺰һһǴǲ̫ˣ
ִ˻һһƬ֮Ҫ֪һŸոձ
ոձͱһǶǮ֣  ˽ǲ֪˳ôģҪֵ֪ʵǰ˭ӵĺûһء
⿴ȥЩݵθһܹס˵֡
·ϻˣʼɣ
˳Ҳø˵ʲôѾ̶ˣӲͷƤҲҪȥɣ  ת򣡣
ֶһԵһ˵ܿǸ˾ͰϿʼת
һᣬֿͣŹ˳Цһȷֵǿʼأ
˳ݸףʾʼȦ
׽򴫸˹˳ֻһĿʼͻƣȻһ

һ̾ϢȻϴ˸תȻ˳
ı壡
˳֮оƺͲԣһʾµı塣
ֻı˸棬λĿƤֵϡ
ٺ٣ˣ
һһ߿ʼŹ˳νı  ƣ  ֵȷҲ൱Ư˿̷ǹ˳ǽϾˡ
ͣ  ֵͶڿлһĻߣ

Ŀʼ˷ܵĻԼȭͷڲģźܴġ
ղʱصع۲һһԵףСӷ֮ȻվȦǱ߿ˡ
˵ʱСӻΪ˷
ҪĻһѾʤ˶ˡ
տʼʱһ˿ĵǣСӰԻһĸ֡
ڿһжжˣ
˳ǧǮôأֳƵĿ˿˳Ȼ̼
ȨһεĻص˹˳У
ʱĹ˳ѾЩ̫ˣױǱǸˣѹҲûָСܹʲôΪ
ҪӮһֻпԼıˡ
ıס־ķǳıŤ˵ֵĿ϶ûС
ǿг֣  ˳ûа취һֱҪֹֺһıļһС
һγɰеĻʱҪٳ־ˡ
۵  ⣬һεҵȦ棬ܿ챻ֵĶѸ塣
õ˻ص棬г˲мЦݣһͷصĸ֣Ǵȷ̫ˡ

Ѿɱ£һεĴ𣡣  һѾ򣬶˳ȴһûн
10-0  ҪôȥĻıȷҲԵıȷ֡
ıЩŭɶĿ׵ôôĸӣ𣿡
ıױͲ̫ˣ˳˿Ҳ൱ʧ䣬ԭΪҲλڿֻܹˡ
ʼⲻǷӷ
ĵǷһӿĴǣȺ˷С




062׷ĸ֧֣
 

ͬ۴ѧ򳡣˿Уֳϡ
ľ޴ù˳һһֱɽĸо
֮ƣ˶һʧȥġ
ţıʵϵĲ࣬ڲ
ʲôһֱˣȥġ
һεķ򣬹˳֮ܿĳɱ˹ȥ
Ѿγ·ˣϹ˳ǿָгԷָвǿ϶һͿء
Ҫľǹ˳һܽ򣿣  ˳ɱ£ûκεĻᣬһδ
ɰ֣  ˶û뵽˳ѾʼˣҪ֪һֱԱȽ׵һѡ
ȵĶˣͶˮҲ޿ɺǵ顣
ƺô£֮󣬻һ߳Ȧķȥ
۵  һײ֮Ҳһ̾Ϣ
shit
˳Ҳ̲סһֿڣһ˳ûͶ뿪˹˳׼ȥ塣
˼ı󣬼һû˿Ķˡ
һϣϧһι˳Ͷĵ൱ĸߣҪ˵м壬޿ܣ
ۿƤ򼴽ҪֵУѾ׼һˡ
ಣ
һӰճֵǰǰһ塣
ͻɽһεĽԼУûеȵ˫أѾ絼һ㾫׼Ĵ뵽˹˳С
𾪡죡
˳ӵһ̣˻һ£û뵽徹ȻһԼС
˿ǰ׷Χ֮ڣûһضԱ
Ͷ֣
ৣ
һܽӴ  3-10  ð壡
˳֣û뵽һﾹȻ壬׼ȷĴݵԼС
û˷ѹ򣡣  ƯѧܣıҲ˷ܵĻԼ˫֣ƺڷйеѹ֡
꺭Ҳ˷ܵĻ˻ֵͼͣͳ
ֻǳŹ˳ЦЦԣ˴ޱȵġ
ȴΪƼתֱµĻ׵ĳˡ
򣡣
ɫһ䣬һûзȻ͵һ壬ù˳һһ֣
˳˿ҲˣֻҪһæﲻϣҲеĴġ
ƣָûгĿռ䣬ֻܹεѡ򣡣  أ
һεĹȵĳǸ˵ǰˣ  Ư
˳һ˿Ѿ˵棬˳׼
׸ͣ˳Ź˳˶Ĺ켣򴫵˹˳С
֣  ֵɴ۾˿Ѿʧȥ˷صλãϵ˳ĸǰʱѾǳˡ
ৣ
ֽˣ
򳡷ˣԭΪһζĶţȴٲȻı
Ȼ˵ǹ˳ģҲóһĹҪ׵ϵġ
СӵĶʵ̫ˣ֮ǰʱûע⵽һεϣٶʵǿĺܡ
ףƯ
˳ǰһӵıҲǸײһţ
ʼȱףҲٰǺǣɣҪȻҷһ
ãֻҪĻұ֤ûдϢĻᣡ˳ŵЦЦֻҪܹһãһоûˡ
ֵ˴һʼĵڵĴͷɥҲȥһӵʱ䡣
˲Ϣ䣬˭Ҳ֪һ̵׻ᷢʲô
м㲻һôͻȻôˣϵʶ൱ǿ  ݣ˳С·סңˣ
ֿԼ򣬾Ȼһأ˸оһС
˳֣רעķˡ
ֻ׼̼ףɵԥ֮ʣ׵һֻŵڵһ㣬ֱӳֵ˹ȥ
ϡλ
һǳɣת˲֮ѾǽԼУһЩʧء
ԭҪһȶĵģû뵽Ȼľ档
һܸ߳Ȼ  鵰ȥ
ֱӳ׵ĺײȥһθͲǳȥģǳȥġ
䣡
ο࣬ôĳȥҪϵ򣬿ɹ˳ȴо񣡣
ȻһﾹȻֱӳ׵ײ˹ȥһٰʮײ⿴ȥֻһٶʮҵ壬ʲôı䣿  ˶ǵɴ۾⾪յһĻ֪һǱŭˣҪȻԲ˴֮ͥȾٶ
ѧ򳡣һǷ֮أ
PSֵ֧֧֣ɢڴ˰лλĸPKڼ䣬ÿֻĸλ½⡣




063
 

ףСģ
˳Ѿ۵֣֪һ϶Ҫʹˡ
ʱѾˣֵӳ׵ײȥʱȴڻ
أ
ڱ˳ƵײΪС϶ǱָɳȥȺʵѾˡ
еһĻδ֣ȡ֮־Ȼһͷײ׵ϣԼ˺ü
˶󼸺ϡ
Ʊж񱨣  ײҪʲôһҪŪɾͲˣ  һʱ䣬ֵıǿѪֱ
޴ĳ˶оܵػ緭
׺ЩãȻĿ֣һҺ޹ӡ
һ£
ܶ˶ΧЩ˻ëʲôģһƺһЩ׷ߡ
˳δ֣ǶһԵ׵û°ɣӹǲ֣Ǻ㰡
ЦŵСһֱ͸Գţȵĺܡ
ѹ֣һʹ֪ˣ˳Цʵ
׵ͷһֱڹ۲ͻһ֣Ҳܰɣ
ı׵ĸ첲ѧܣû뵽㻹ĺǿ׳
ЦЦߵֵĸǰȲˣȵĻͼȵĻˣ㻹ҪɵĻֻΪثˣ
㡭
ֺûһϲԭҪһŪ˲ܹû뵽ͷ͵ʴף
ԼڷŪϲ˳ˣеƿ֪ˡ
ҵˣԼ˵ʹôǿɵǮȥء
׸κεĻᣬһɻʲôϵأ
Ǯ
֪ԼȲˣȥҶܹöˣ  ˳ЦһԺ󻹸ҲҸǶˣ
ڵ֣ԸԼǮǮ˵Ļ
Цһ˳ʲôӾǿûǮŸĵզΣһ֮һ
һ㣿һһ
˳أӮǧ飬ʱʲôأ  һҪӮǧأʱһѶ칻ˡ
꺭һԵĹ˳ϽҪ˶ˣ
꺭˵㻰Ժ϶ڴ⡣Ҹ˳㲻ҪܣȻӦˣǾǴӦˣһĭһڶ
Ȼ˿̻ʹ۾ȴֱ׬ҪľǰʧȥĳӸһ
Ź˳ӣбжôѻˡ
֣Ϊ㰡¸ھʱһ־һ֣˳һۣڶǳˡ
ãһΪһεĶעɲôСһ򣡣
һʼ˵Ҫ˳ģû˵ĽԭߵŹ˳ء
˳ҲɵɵģΪôöԸ  ǧĲǿʮ
֮ǰǧ˳ԥԥģҪĻ붼ˡ
Ͼһѧѣ
򣿣
˳һֵĻˣʲôѧҲôǮѡ
ôˣ㲻ţ𣿸ղĲѾӦ𣿡ЦһҪûֲҶģ԰ҲǲˣֻҪŴҴûǮҿԲ
㡭
˳ɫͨ죬ǧǮûУôжأ
׿˿֣һﻹǲİЦһãǧҶģȻҲҶģĶǮҶ㣡
Сӣʱòָһ
ף
˶Ի֮ʣϺ˽ԭźܶѧΧߣΪʲôܶŹء
ɹһȻһ˳Ǵ򣬶Χ۵ĺܶ࣬˵ǴһǧǮء
ϵɫѿĺܣЩһĵӻǲСһȻҶôǮ  û뵽ӹֵˣǧˣȻֱӿʼˡ
Աû뵽ʱϻͻȻ֣ҲЩ˼ͷ
Ҷظȥµˣʱ򶼸ȥ̵ȥ
һͦܿ쿴ֵ˶һɢ
˭ǶǮģϳһԵĹ˳شŮɲǵ飬СִҪģ
ֿ˿ϳѧ㣿Ҹ˳˽£ѧУ޹أ
Ҳʲô飬ѧУǲУϵʲõ˵
ֱƿϿ˿׵Ҳң
̫٣
׵Ļڳļ˶סˣһﾹȻ٣ǿǮ
Ҳһ㶣һǲǷ˰Ȼ٣
֪ǣ׵ȷ̫ˡ




064
 

򳡣ֻʣ¼˹վǱߣ֮ǰȣڵ˺ܶࡣ
ϾǸտѧȺҲʼۻˣһûȥԸտ൱һ顣
Ͽףһĵĺܴ֮ǰСһ㶼Ҳˡ
һȻֶǮȻ֪ģ˵ǸͦǮġ
һѧʱǿһģѧУҲͦһˡ
һԵ꺭ҲʶģΪ˶ѧġ
׷꺭ܴĶìˡ
Ϊ꺭˹˳ˣһӦǰëǮϵҲûа
ôо˳꺭ںָأ
˳ƵĿǰһУʵǲ֪ô죬ΪԼûʵ
оοǣװӵҪȻĻԼµñһŪһӶûˡ
˳ڳ꺭ĸǰ˵̫ٵʱʵҲһļ
֪Ӻ˺ϻ￪˸˾һǸ
ϵıǱӵģһƫƫڹؼʱվһ̰ˣֱӲ
ĸŮ˲ϲеأʱ̣ŵЩ׷ˣվĺ٣߼ûС
ڵһѧڵʮ飬ΪǼҺǮ
Ǯôһѧ˵黹ǲٵġ
һﾹȻ̫٣ѲҲԼࣿ
٣ֿЦ
ʼνԭҾͬѧ֮ûбҪŪӣһһεǮѹѧһе㿴ȥ
ߡֲм˵˭Ǹأ
֣˵˳׼ֶ֡
һԵĳ꺭ûбҪ˽ϾǮҲԼģбԼ׬ʮһ濴
꺭ȻԸŹ˳Ҳ޻˵ЦһҵҪǲܹ˳ߵ󡣡
ϳ֣㲻Ҫ̫ˣ
ϣһѧǰɣֲȻҪҶģӾ͸ġǮ˵
Ҳͷ֪࣬׵ļҵףӲ֪׵ʵʱµȦˡ
һָͷô࣡
ʮ򣿣ã
־Բʱ˵ģʮʮ򣬾ԼûǮʱҲԸԼҪ
ʮ򣿣˰һѧôǮɫѿڸղŵ֣ҲǷǳߡ
ٻһʦɣԼѧԼĸǰǮҶôҪһ¡
һԵĹ˳ҲǳףûбҪ˭ǮҲǴĲ𣿡
˳ҲǻŵĺܣҪʮҲġ
ϳ֣ҪĻҿҪѧУ˰
شŮֲѧУʲôʱʲôط˵ָϣһҲǸоԼĻЩ԰
¾ǸѧУܹôûƾûݵֻҪ˼Ҳǲˣ
˵ˣһǱģе¶ˡ
΢΢һЦط
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ҪӮĻֻԮˡ
׳ȻҲ룬㲻ĻҲҪ롣
ãҵҪܹ˭ֺٺЦһôˣ
ףҪӦ
˳̶ҡҡͷֻѾǿЦ˼Ȼˡ
ôˣ
׿˿˳Ҳ֪һǵԼ
ʮ˵ûж٣ʵϸղҪ˵һģֶѧ˵Щ̫ˡ
һͽӵʶ˳̵
ʲô㣿ѹҲ֪Ǹʲô⣿  㲻֪ǿְҵӣ׻߼ְҵӣġ˳Щ˵
㶵ղô˵
ʱҲͶ˽ȻľѾˣȻҲϣԼµͬѧӮˣ
Ȼ˳ղ˵־Ȼʶְҵӵģ⻹ʲô
׵ͷţ֪ˣҵʱ򿴿ܲҸ˹ҲĻ˵ɡ

˼ͬʱһ̾ϢмͿʼˣʱȥʲôְҵӵ˰  ׸Ź˳Ǵ˸кȻ뿪򳡡
ԼᶼûȥأȻҲһֱߣѾˣҲûжʲô
ϿȥıӰҲ˼Ŀ˿һ̫ˡ
Ѿȫ󣡣




065۸Ůͬѧ
 

606ᣡ
ָ硭
߽ʱ˶΢Цų׵ͷ
Ͼ˻Ҫ꣬ʱҿ϶Ҫʶʶˣ׻ûпѧѾܵ˸ԱĿأȻҲҪ׿ˡ
׿żҲ¶һ˿Цݵ缸ð
ҽۣԶ
ҽַԾǣ
ҽ־˳Խأ
һһҽܣǶһЦݣǼɾһˡ
ЦŵӦ֪ҽɶ˰ɣǺǣҽһ£ҽףSʡQС
QпǸõطԺпǵһȥָǱ档־˳Цŵҳôûгء
ǶҲɾͲҪˣҪɣҲЦ
ַ˵εĻǾҲǲԺлĻ缸һ𡣡
׹һֵеǻᣬϺľһ𣬽뼸λԶٷ
ָ磬ôܹأ־˳ЦŵصĶô˵һҲɣ
У˭붼һҲЦ
ͬ۴ѧкܶ಻ɫС꣬Ǵ˻ǻϲŻˣԵ߻϶С
ζۣ
׺ַһ
ϰ壬һơƣ۵ǳ֣ȥľӦǲСġ
ûⰡ
־˳һƺȥûнС˵ʣЩ񶫱һ㡣
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һƣһƿܿͺȵˡ
һ俪ƿ׿νǧ˭ȿҲĶֵġ
ҿʱȵơƣȵǰ׾ƵĻһ̵ˡ
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źܿĵʱһг׵˵ĶС
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׵۾ܶһ۱㿴ŮϾȻһƬѪɫĽ衣
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ݣﳤóҲˣܳ˾Ĳˣ
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Ավһ໹㲻ŮֻȥЩС̫õĸо
ĵθڣǼСԲȥˡϽӹҪȻŲţǸӵ
׵˳Ǳ߿˿ַ̾һŮʶ
ʶ̧ͷ˿ַַͷղһûע⣬Ị̄ǰġ
ǰģ
һ㶣ļˣһʶġ
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˭ǰ೤أ۸ǰѧôҲܹװɣ
û뵽ǰĪ̵ŮȻԼͬѧ
ͬѧ۸ˣôӲأ  ղһֱԥҪҪ֣ΪϾûз̫ĳͻѾְǰȥŮˡ
Ȼˣ滹һεԭ׾Բ˵ġ
Ī̡
֪ŮĪ֮ҲǴֵĵô˵ͺ˳
Ī̧ͷ˿ףǰӿȥޱȡ
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ĸŮȻҲ⣬ɴСǸ˿һı顣
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ȻˣһΪѧУҲʶκˡ
Ị̄һİ೤ҽף˵ҲǰͬѧǰɣһԶٷ¶һ˿ϵЦݡ
Ī̿峺һʱЩԥ
ģСӣǾǲǣ
һС˳ʱȻҲǶݺݵĿһס
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066ͷС
 

ζۣ
ԭܶ˶ǿ֣ϾҶͬ۴ѧѧϵĵƦåûʲô
Ī̱۸ˣʱӢ۾˸ңӢ۾ȳϷѹҲû
ĪԭѾǷǳΣɵ׺ԼʱҲˣȻƵ˳
ԭҪ߳ζ۵ģʱߵһĸǰ
վЦŵĪͬѧ⼸ҲǰͬѧԺҾһˣա
˵˶֣һ㶼ٰСǲǣ
ӿЦ˼ôҲû뵽Ȼ˲ӡ
ϴģߵκεطǶǱĶ
ѧ˼ͷС֮⣬û˸
һĻʱͱһٴˡ
Ī˵׻ǸŮЩ˻ϵģһ»ǲŮ˵ģҪȻȥҲ̫  ûйû뵽ȻͱQˣЦˣЦķǳĿġ
ÿ꿪ѧʱҪ
ǿʲôǿѧıѣЩ͹ݵıʲôģ
һĴһˣĺʱ̣  Ī̿ףЩ֧֧˵࡭೤Ժ˵ɣǡ
׵дһ˿˿ı䣬Цŭļ˳ЦһǼѣôǣǳǵġ缸ȥҸӹ
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۰һԵĵ˹ȻʾĪ¡
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Щסǣַܿ־˳Ҳһһƿվǰ档
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⼸˶ǿɽѲǣӵĻԺ¾治һˡ
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˵ԵվһܹΪɽ𣬿Ϊһֵĸȴ൱Ĵ
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һٷڼϴһ̣ļ˸鵹Ѹ¡
ڶһ磬׺Ǳ߳緹˿̵Ǿӡ
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һ֪˸࣬ΪֵĿûеʱͬ۴ѧѾЩĸоˡ
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ս֮ǰѾǱغͽţƺ˶ǣҵĻⶼΧһشĶľ۷׷ס




068ְҵְҵĲ
 

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069˫ɳú
 

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Ϻͳ꺭վһԣ۵վǵ󣬲Կó˿˶ǷǳĽš
ģһǲҪȻְҵԱ۷ŭԼȭͷһԼһơ
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־˳ǿʮ鰡ָôҸһĵİʮ鲻ǴˮƯ𣿡
ЦһôŪֵģô³
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꺭ҲЩھε˵Һͳѧܡ
꺭㲻Ҫʲô㺦ףһԼҪ˼Ҷģֵܹ˭
ڻǷǳһһ㶼ĻȫԼԱС
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Ǻȣûκεƣĸо˭ϲأ  Ҳǳԣȫ˵˿̵Ƕôܹ漣ķأ  ˶֪һѾûκεˡ
11-0  еĹ˳ı󼸺ˣʵʵ̫̫ˣǰСƵķػѹʽķأǵˮ׼һӾʧȥ̫̫ࡣ
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вţԼĿְҵԱҪӮԼˣûκεĿԡ
οѾ11-0ˣٽ򣬻Ͼ͸㶨ˡ
˼˿׵СֵզҪȻҵһ᣿
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070ȫ
 

ܹǧͬʱڣ˿ѾӵٺǱź
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ʵϣǽҲ൱ƣһε׻֮УԭϢġ
췽Ĺ˽°æ⼸˺ͻ˼ĹϵҲǷǳĲ
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һﲻȥʲô߰飬ǰæ
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λ磬ܲܽҸǺϸӰ˳ֱӳŻ˼ķ˹ȥ
ȻʶʲôǣɿƱȵ˵ġ
һ⾹ȻǵĶ֮һ˶ˡ
˵ĿⶼˢˢĿһԵ͵ųڵĻ˼
˼һû⣡
˿ֵ̳ǣѾ˱ʲôҪֳܹǴһĻѾĺˡ
ֵ˴ʱѾйˣΪ˵ĳһĻ붼ûˡ
ھͺޣΪʲô⼸ǾȻȥҲ̫ˡ
ԼƷ̫
PSֵǸллֵ֧֣ɢҲٽġ




071⽬ǻױƷ
 

һûκı  ͬ۴ѧɽХݷĺһһ󣬲ڶ
˳ҲǼѣ˿ڿѾʧڡ
ȻѾ˶ۣԼ߸ʲôأ
ʵղǰνְҵԱҲǵģδ
̫׶˵ԼԸ⿴Ľƽ
ʮ飬Ǯ˦˹˳ΪҲס
һȻˣȫΪʵ̫˵Եʡ
ֻ뵽ĳôö˶˵ܵطأҲ̫аˡ
ѲɿƱȵΪ۸׵˲ųֵ
ûôɺϣֻܶ˸Ըɺ϶ѡ
Լһ󣬱ϾûκεİװҲô°
׼׵ʱȴ׸ᣬʱѾ˻˼ĳϡ
һδżǹĿɲǻ˼ҲרҵһŶӡ
׺ͻ˼ǰ뿪ΪǱ顣
̩꣡  ˼ͳڣƱӶ
˵ף㻹ڰСҺôƹ𣿡˼Ц
Цŵֻûʶģ˭ܹ뵽ôƵ˶˰
ָ綼ˣ˼һںƵˣ֮ǰǳ㲻ϲ
ĳϲ͸Ұû˵
£ѾȥǱߺˣһзҵġ绰Լаɣ˼˵Ҳ൱Ĵ󷽡
һǧͺ˵ãȻ͸ˣһ䱸רŵ˾
ʼ磬ԼĶóһԲεĲ֮ǰ˵ĻױƷĳƷ
ǻױƷôоһ˼ǰҲһơ
ⶫȥľ͸һһ඼ûУⶫܹóȥ
û˵˼һҪڻȥģǵĺֹ಻òЧãʱƷİװ϶ҪһЩ
ʵϡ͵Ŀ¶ŪģûκĶ
ҪĹЧʵӵĿ¶ֻҪһ˿˿൱Чˡ
ɻ˼֪ⶫʲôҪĻ
ʵһʼûⶫĹЧ˵ô棡  ɣһԲˣЧңûЧĻ
Ҳȥ˵ʲôˣʵÿ֪ⶫЧѵġ
ȵʱһ֪ʲô鵤ҩˣ  裿˼ɻĿ˿ףֱһЩȻĨϵ֪СӲˣĨһ㿴˰ɣ
ҡҲ˼˼ԼˣҲһ¼ǡⶫʲôŪİ
ˮۣټԼһ䷽
֪ҪľԼһ䷽ʲôˮۣȫΪϿ¶ġ
ʱ׼Ūһˮɱʵӵĵͣӵ׬ͷ
ô򵥣ˣҵʱг˵һ£ͲҪˡ˼Цŵ
ЦŵʲôʱЧˣǸʱĿͿˡ֮ǰҵæ
˵ɡ
˼ʵЩʧԭΪʲôöɿĳ͸
ôܹʲô۳  ʱ˼һⶫòûһأȻˣԼ͸Լһ°ɡ
˭òأֻҪûлˣһЩЧأ  ׵һװƿӣҵʱŪһ飬һǿˮ
ʲôˮǲǾǸ䷽Ȼӵˮ˼һֵ˵ָ磬ͷŮûôúŪҪôӲҪôЧ
ûЧŪʲôòզΣɶ洫䷽Ϊϵһһ𷢲ƣЦһ
˼ɴ۾׵㿴Ҫҷ𣿡
òеĻǵĺֹ
׵ɫ̫ãֱӴӻ˼нǸ˹
УҴ˻̷ɻȥãҪЧĻĿզ
˼һҲЩεĴӦˡ
뿪ײУڵЩûʧˣҪһҵ־ò̫ס
һӣҲĻôˡ
ʮڶ˵ǲʲôҲһĴˣȻ˵ĻǾͲһ°ɣ  ʽʼһ𣿡ޱĿŻ˼ԿóЩˡ




072嵵
 

̩ͳڡ
յԵЩΣ˼֮ǰĻЩоˬ
ʵϣҲ֪˼ĻҲģһȻѾͶˣǱ߽ʲôأ  ѾŵĻֱ˵Ͷʲô  ˼Ҳһ˵˵ѵˣȻѾͶˣȻܹ档
ȻˣһʵḶ́ʵҲ御ˡ
ûκεЧĻԼǮûгأʱǷҲüġ
װͽҰɣŷרŵ󻮲ʱҪʲôĶƲ
⣬һĵҲûУֻҪвƷʱҪʲôİװûУ  ھİװҲڲƷ㹻ǿĻϣ˼ΪĵƷĹЧ
ʱԼ֪֮ˣһĹЧûеĻôһεͶҲֻܹˡ
׵ÿһҴΪ嵵
嵵ͷĻǲ˼ҲЦ׼ô֣
֮ǰҲ嵵Ʒֱɫ塣𡢻ʺ졢ۡϺͱʯ
õǸ˼ʵ
嵵ɫ֣Ƶʱûκɣ׿Ż˼ʵ
ŷŵʵ֪ģΪʲôҪ˼ҪľΪԼܹʡġ
Ǯ˵ľǸ֣Ȼ׽磬Ҳ˵İɣһ
㻹˹˰˼Ĵָ۸ôǵͶͳɱ
ʯˣҲڴڻɣÿһƿˮĶ۲ǧ׳
ǧһһƿļ۸񣿡˼Щ𾪵ĿףһﵽŰ  ʴƵĻױƷУȷһСƿҪǧģ˼Ҷ˺ܶ꣬˺ܶӰ֮Ŷļ۸񰡡
ʯǧ˼ʣµĶǳǧˣ
ڻЩ󣬿ɵȵйЧʱͻⶫʵܹഺȣǮ˲ֵ𣿡׷ʵ
ǵȻǡ˼׼̸ܿסðɣڶɻȥˣ
˼ҪԼãҪľҪⶫЧ
ЧĻ֪ⶫߵļ۸ǻġ
Ķۣһûã׵Ҳǹ˵
ҵʲôģ˼ʵ
ҸȻ߼ģҪȻҲһھͿЧ𣿡׸˼¶ˮıһʮˮ
ʯˮıǵȵһһǧˮЧǱʯİٱ
ⶫҲǵģʵһʮˮǱ˿¶һ˿
ĴǶĻѾ޼֮ˡ
ǵ𼶱ģ˼Ϊƣ𼶱ʲôʯĿˮǸʲô⣿  ǱȽϡĽɣ뵽ߣ˼Ҳһ̾Ϣ
ôˣ㿴ϣ׿˿˼ʵҾһ仰˵ĺãʵ֪Ѿ߻ɣȥãûʲôЧĻʱ飡
У˳һ£ղ˵ıʯǧˣ𲻵򰡣˼һʵ̫ߵĻгѹľˡ
׶еĺƵļ۸ȰˣȻڶۡ˵һ㶼ù𣿡
ã˴ס
˼ЦԽʵ˵ԽãҪһûţĲ֪ôء
ܹеĻԺгǵˡ
ҪⶫĻ˼Ҳûʲô̫ʧ˶ѡ
Լ߻ȥʵûи˾Լˡ
ʶ࣡û˵ҪûµĻһˣ
Ȼ˰˵ҽ˼ʱһ
ʵûп׵ҽֻ˵ѣ
һЩô֪ģ׿Ż˼ʵ
һ˵ģ˵ʶ㣬Ҳ֪ļٵģ˼ЩЦЦĿ׵
һѣ˭׸оЩ֡
˼Цŵʶɣ
Ǹɨǰ
ᵽ֣ҲǻȻ֮ǰ˵һвܹκõĻܹԼҸطŪš
ҲżҲûаϣû뵽˼֪ˡ
㻹ʶ˼Ц
ЩɻĿ˿˼ǸѲɣ
ǰɣҲǣ˼Щӵ˵
ô˼ԭվһεȥ




073»˼
 

Що֣ôͻ˼ʶģ  ⻹ɻص㣬صǻ˼ʲô ҽ벻ȻҪ룿  ܻ֪ɣүүһλܳҽֻϧزҲûа취
˼һε˵˵ҲѰæ˼үүҲʶүү
ϵҲǲ̫ӣһ˺֪ʶ˼ѡ
׿˿˼ǵʲô飿
үүֵܣһүүһҪȥҽελүү
˼ײΣûë²Σָٹ̵˼ɲһС
Ƽû˼Ϊо𾪣Ҫ֪ҽҳƼܲ
ʵҽѧǸѵСϲľǴɱɱҲǿ˾УΪһ̾
үүҽһ㶼ûдеõ
˵ҽʱôţҲǴֵװæ
˼Ҫ֪ôĻ´Ҳܸġ
ܹһĻȫǻ˼µľ档
û뵽ǾȻôһЦŵǸŮŶֻϧҸоЩ塣
СӾ֪ɣһûпС˭ôƳأӡ˼˵˵žͿʼԿˡ
һŻ״ɣ˵£
ðɣȻ˵Ҿ˵ˣҲ֪ҽôǼȻƼˣҡ˼
Ļû˵꣬ʱѾǴϵţƳ磿ֻǸ˵һһЩҽôͱҽأ
ֻǻһЩҽ
˼һӲ˺ߣҲ¶һ˿Ρ
׵ͷȻΪأȻˣҵҽ֮һӹҽҪ߳һЩġ
Բۡ
˼˴ֿڣҲ̫ˣȻ˵Ǿҽ  һ˵ѹҲ֪׵Ǹʲôˮ׼϶иѵġ
û˼ѡŵĻԸѡѵģ  ׵ˣһŶ󣿾ҽٸܹߵʲôطȥأ  զˣôһһէģܲˣװһۻ˼
˼ƣҶѾүүļ˵ˣ˵һλҽ㲻˵ǿЦİɣ
ôûиŵأҲ͸˵û˵Ȼ㶼˵ˣֻԳˡ
ѾԳʱŪûа취ճɾ군ˡ˼оȻһ˿
βֲҵ飬ʲôССֵĻҲܵ˺ҹȥĵزɣ
к˼Ȼˣ˵֮ǰ϶ǳ˺ܶܶķԼ϶ûа취İ취ˡ
˼̾һʵҲܹƺúүүĲ˵ֻҪܹһºүүĲ飬ҲǼõİ
ⲡ飿
ôʣȴЩмͷҪԼõĻ˾ûκϣˡ
ףɣǻҺͺҡҵĹϵǼʮˣҺүүһֱҺܺãϣ㼴ƲãҲװһ㡣
˼̬ȷǳĿУ캰׹ĲΪʲôױƷױƷ顣
ڶڻ˼˵ױƷ鲻С£κúүүĲǷڵһλġ
һΣȻҲͶұġʲôʱ򣿣ʲôطʵ
˾ڽԭҪתҵ˿ģүү֪Ϊʲô͸һڸûܹ
˼̾һ˺ܾã˵УҲֻԼүүһ㡣
ԼүүѱӣЩҲѻҽ˵үҪĻºܿͻᵹµġ
ΪԼүүҲþľİѺүүκðүү˼Ѿ֪ôˡ
˾ڽô绰أҲֵĺܡ
˼Ƶ˵һҸǰţ֮ҲЩԣûкɣ
ȥɶ˼ôҲҽˣû˵
ĸҽ˼ףЩɵʵ
Ƶ˵ȵ٢
˸
˼һָȻ൱ıΪ
׿Ż˼ûϢˣҷ֮£һѶȺܴ¡
ھȥɣ׿˿˼ʵ
˼˼һµУүүĶڣʱҪǿʲô˵Ļ͵ûˣ




074ҽ
 

ڻ˼ĳ뿪˻̩ꡣ
⳵ûķ򿪣ǳŽķʻȥ
ɽʣȴҲֲܲһۿȥ۶ɫ
ɽΧźܶĶȼʤأǼζȼپƵͲ
һ·ɽȥûκͣ˼
ײδ˵ֻĬĬĸŻ˼ĳκεȻС
ɽׯ  طȥЩأſھȻ侯վڡ
˼ĳ֤ͨɻҪ³ܼ飬⵹׸оЩˡ
һ֮׿Ż˼ʲôط
˼ɽׯʵһԺܸߡ
֮ǰ˵Ǹүүļ𣿡׸ˡ
ûǺǣүүһסΪҽ˼ЦŽ͵
ֱȥ˻ôΰʵ
˼ʼүү⣬ҪһЩ飬ȻˣҴģҸҲʶĹ̲ܳ
ôˣǻҹʲôЩеĺүүʲôݣ
죡Ӧ˵ɣ˼΢΢̧ͷҲǴһ˿ء
Ȼ֣֮ǰѧϰʱʱ֪֡
죬׻ԭίϯʵȨɵĴﰡ  Ϊʲô˰ɣƽʱǿЦʲôҲˣϣǶҪעⰡ
˼Ϊ׺ãֻ֪ײںЩ
Ҫǰûеõеʱ򣬻˿϶ĵѾˡ
ʼǾ;ɣʱޣ绹ѧء
ȥ
˼Ϊһ˺ϵ֮϶Ǻ֣û뵽һﻹקĸһ
ʲôʱأҪ֪ȻˣھеӰǳĴ
ҺϵҲһĴڣѲĲҪͽһ  һɹʸʱһӳĺİ
ס
˼Щҵ⣬Ѿǳ˵ĸǰ
֮ǰ˼ѾǴ˵绰˵һ׹
Щʵһֱڹ۲һʲôʱ
ҿǰҽ˰
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ʲô˵Ҳǵģ㶼֪׵׻᲻ҽ͸˵
˼ǹֻû뵽ֽȻôĲΡ
Ƶ˵֪ʶףô֪㾹Ȼ˺ǵļˣڸҲﻢ£
ʲô˼Ϊҵİ
ʵǿȥˣһ澹Ȼֵ֣ĶȻԼ
ԼԸһΪ˶ʶĻҪһء
ףΪ˸ǣһκϵĶ˵ˣȻӾǸ˹һҪ
ҲǸоԣ첻µزµԸԲ˵Сġ
˼Ҳ̾һĺ£
׳ҽ߸ĸģȻˣȻҪԼŬǿһǿ
㻹Ҫ
ƵĿףܹɻȥһѾˣһﾹȻҪǣֱˣ  Ѿͷô첻˼Ҳ˰
ڼʱһԼĪʮµŰɫɫ˹
塭
һһȻɵĺһ
˼ǸһЩǺã
˼⺢ڵЩζ˰ûѾͷˡҲãȻѾᣬǾǳˡ
ΣSʡʡίǣҪʮꡣ
ǣھǿôصظϹҶ˵ˣｻĺˡ
˼ЦֻЦЩΡ
ο˿һԵ׵λǣ
ȡ˼ĿһµλҸ˵λҽ
֣
ôҲû뵽˼龹ȻôĲס
ǰСȥҲʮ߰ӣ̥ѧϰҽҲھͳɾҽ֮ɣ
壬ȻᣬҽǿԵġҲһԱ绤
û뵽Ҳź֣ŭһ
ǰɣǾҲеĻڿߡģ֮ңȻĻֱ߾ˣ
ֻأοأ  Ҫͻ˼ӣҾô




075ף
 

ף
˼һ׶Ժ̬ȣҲһ
Ҫĵ˺ǵĻԺô찡֮ǰǻҪQȥһ
ҪǵSʡһ֣QпҲ첻ȥˡ
׿˿˼˲˲ãô򵥵ĵŲҪȥ׸ʲô˰ɣ
ʱһЩȤСһͲƢǲС
˿׵ѧҽģʦӺˣ
ʦӣʦǲʶĺ˵ҲƮ첻 
˼ЦŵǣҿȸϿóȻĻǾҽһ
Ҳֻˣ
γƵ˵ԭΪҵʲôҽǰһôҲǸҽ
׵ɫÿǰڻ˼ӣδȥ
˽ңʱҲһ򸾣ȥӦĸĸ
ǣ˰ԫźεĵҲЦ
˵ԫһôɶҸôο˿ԫʵ
ȶҸ׵һֱûлָҲżĺܡһ˵˼һλҽ
ԫҲЩڴҽĻٿԿԼĸ׵Ǹʲôɣ
ʲô鶼㲻ԵǷǳΣ
γǸ΢΢һЦҵþһ㣬һһλСҽ
ɣ
ԫԭҽҳȻδҵȴҽʶ
ǰףһ൱ƵĸоҽеҲűʱ
ǰһôᣬҽڸܹߵʲôطأ
˰
һ׷˱ıĴһ˳ȥСһ㡣
үү
ǰˣҲǱһ˹ȥ
ǣЩ𾪵ĿԫΪԿóϵĲ
ԫ΢΢ҡͷѾˣҽ˵׵ѾλҾҲ⣬ȴûκε⡣
⡭⵽ô£һҽôᡭЩŵĿԫȻû뵽
ЩʱչĻҸ׻ѣ㿴
ԫƵ̾һΪǸ޴֣Ҳ֪ĸ׵׵ʲôز
׿˿ϣһЩȤϵ֮¡
Ȼ߻ħĽ࣬ϸĸڵʵǿ
Ӧʲôµ߻ħһɣ߻ħġ
ΪǵĹǾǧγɵģֻҪղȥѳ߻ħ
һЩɢ޾ͲһˣΪûר˵ָ㣬׻״
߻ħ  ߿ʧȥʵֱӱ  ڵǺǿ߻ħҲûдﵽĳ̶ȣνǺ˵ˡ
̾һԫһŪƣҺóʱûкˣ
ԫͷƲѾ׼ˣǱ߳Աİɣ
εͷҪ˵ʱȴǷʲô´½һߵϵĸǰ
˭ôûмѽѽС͵ˡ
Ŀףһһûκε
ʲô
׶ԼүүҲЩ
Ҫ֪Լүүǵ¸صֹ֣ڱӣҲϵġ
ôԼүү·ǿɵһ㣬ܲأ  ҪһĿռ䣡
Ҳͣǰͷ֮ˣȻֻżģȴȤ
һŵλˣǸǰˡ
ףˣ
ţϾԼҵ֮ˣһҪʲôĻô죿
ǰʲôΪβѲҹΪ˺Ⱦţ
ûĳż˵ȻˣԼΪѵĳһºˡ
Ͼ˺ͻ˼ЩϵĻʱʱˡ
㿪ʲôЦ
ԫ̵ȻǰܹκԼĸס
ƾͣҲ̫ܰ
׳ûпЦ˵һΣǲң̾ߣ
ԫ˶Ҫһλɣ
ο׵ӣȻ俪ˣȻһܹκϻԼĸס
СӵŲ֪ģҪСӵܹжͣ  һԵˣ֪ղŲԼܶϣ֪ǰ˵ʵһ˼ʵأ




076³
 

Ҵڣ쳣
Ϻ˵ҪźҺҵ˶֪ģǺ϶ںҪõġ
϶һ꣬ҵĸŲ׳á
ҪϣҲҪһﵽûʲôʵϡ
ʵ֪ԼҪκüǲܵˣϣܹ⻺Լ׵ʹ
˵൱ȨģȻˣҲǵλġ
ԫ˿ε磬ҪСӡ
Ҳ޲߲𣿡γλ֡˵ģ˲˲ãȻ˼ҺߣΪʲôҪôαأ
ҲΣڰһݲԼ֮С
˼׾ȻҪȥƣҲ˳Ż壬˲˲ãҲôҽϿɲҲûʲôЧ׸ϿҲûЧ𣿡
ðɣ
ԫҲЩѹ֣ôо鲻ס
ײں˿Щ˵ĸܣҪһţҪбɲ  ȷԼñԼָ֣ǰԼҲŵġ
Щ˲ǷӣҲЩˣ˶ұҲ൱Ҫ԰
ϵķ䣬˿̵ѾǱ棬ײδ˽
Ȼ֣ȴҲûκεİ취
ȻѾӦˣǾҪ˼ɷˣȻˣһлΪ˼ϡ
һˣҲ׶һϣҪһиʲôĻʱ˭Σ
׽˷䣬㽫һٴĶҲġ
Ļ궨
ŭһһεѾɢռһ󼤵ۿɼٶɢš
ԭЩϣ˿ѾǶǱߣҲѾϥ
һ
ϵĶͷѾǶһö룬βĿһɹɰ״ʵԴԴϵ
й
ҪĵһֻаɢҲȫйܹ
ЩϵһĴݲеḶ́
ԼĪʱʱ䣬ŽڵйʱҲǽĻ˯˹ȥ
ʮʱˣ쾳ڻδﵽֲ߻ħ
Ҳ̾һӦǴʲôطõһؼ÷š
ΪҽѨλĻͲзˣ  һ߷׵ַӰһ㣬ٶ˿Ŷоޱȡ
˿̵ҲԵ࣬Ĵʵ쳣ǿһ֮ʵ൱˵ĻҪһЩۡ
˵ĻǲѴ֮ġ
ǰʱȥˣ˿̵Ҳ΢΢תѣڿѾû֮ǰִͣȡ֮𾪡
㡭ǣ
ϵһʱ俴ףýԼߣôܹأ
ԼԼһֱǻܣһð߻ħΣҪһ¾ġ
û뵽Ȼʧˣ֮ԼҲ֪׷ʲô顣
Ѿ׼ˣɹʣ
߻ħҲ֪ܹԼˣϵⱾ湦ǵԼʦѧҽʱʦµġ
ϵʦûоȻоһЩ
ף
³֣һϣĿдһ˿档
Ͽ˿׵ʸǡߣ
Ҳ֪ߵĴڣ
ҲЩ֣һιû뵽ϾȻǸߣȻż𶼻ûдﵽ
ֻ֪һʦԣҲǴǸʱ֪һ㡣ʦȻʧһоҲֻǡ
Ͽг𾴣Ȼʵǳĵ΢Ҳ֪һЩء
ʦǸһЩ֮£һʼΪǴţɵȵ˽һЩеİ֪֮ԭ֮¡
񿴵˾ȻԼףȻ𾪲ѣ  ȻӴ磬һЩӦ֪ɣײδ˵һЩġ
֪ǰ!!
ϴ˿̵̬ȷǳĹʲô롣
޹湦һʱҪľǵԼ壬߻ħǶϷöҩȷ£
׷֮䣬һöɫĵҩѾǳĸǰһζҲ̲סᡣ
Ͻҩ£һε˵öҩԲľ磬ʶԵ֣Ժ°ɣ
ϵĸȻ츳Ī̺㳿ˣҲǷǳڷܵġ
ֻҪָõĻպҲһΪ




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£
ϵһĨϲ֮ɫһֱҪ׷Ѱδ֪磬ɲ÷š
ָܹһĻôĻ
΢΢ͷԺҾ̫幬һŵĵӣһȥ֮󣬻ǰ֮ױ¶ҵݡ
ǣƽ̣
Ȼ֪ĹأɶһЩҲԼʦ˵ĳƺ֪ġ
װԼôߵϽһҲ̾һƽ̴ˣǺѺһֱŲħϮЩΪսµĵƬµġ
˵׻ƺ͵ǳս𣿡
ȻΪߣǷ˻ߣһ˶ֵģǾˡ
ĵλײ⣬˵ô  ϳƵĵʵѾ޼ˣ֮ǰҲ̽Ѿ;ƿˡ
һҿɣ׵ͷ
ɫһϲƽ̴ԸԳ֣ԳֵĻŶֻشҩ
Ҵڣ
˵ɫ쳣Ľԫͺε˸û˳Է˼
Сʱȥˣ澹ȻһĶûУһ
˭Ҳ֪浽׷ʲô飬֮ɫԱ
ʲôɣ
ԫѾסˣԼĸѾЩˣҪٱ׿ʲôôĻЩԼˡ
ԫѾһΨеȴ
εĵǾԲԫҪͣȴܹ͵סӣһеĽȸղǸС֮߳Ȼܹ֪ˡ
һеĲ²Ҳֻǲ²⣬пյĽɱϾûۿ˭ԸǸأ  ˼Ķͷðһ˿˿ϸԼǳ³ç
֪֪׵׻᲻ҽĻͲӦ͸ǡ
ŪĴҶ൱ıǻ˼һʱĻԼүүԼĶˡ
ǣԲҡ
˼֪ܹκϵĿԼΪ㣬εľײҪϿʲôźá
飬ʱҲûа취ȥ룬Ҳûʱȥˡ
壬鲻˼磬֮ǰ׾ȹҡҸԷʱ˵ҽҾѰ˼ܸܲүүȻҾ͸˼ˣʵ˵֮Ҳˡ
ЩĶ޳ˣҲ֪Լ³çͳ嶯ˡ
ԫѾͷúõĵľ첻ˣôһûأôһëͷСôʲôҽ˵ۣܲܳ
ԫҲǺڹֺʲôãγ
磬ԭΪѾͷЩӣû뵽ȻôĲ֪ôˣ
ԫ־Ҫԥһ»Ƿ
ȷ鲢ֻܹһİȻ˱ˣһκϺԼô齻һìͷСӡ
ɵʲô  ԼŮҲһֵı飬ԫƵ̾һֻбжôˡ
˼Ҳӹһ˿鲻³çԼҲ³çˡ
ڲǹʱֻȵĽˣôȥôʱ仹ûгĳʲô˰ɣ
Ҳ˵ǣҪǳʲôĻǿ¾Ǵˡ
Ӧòİɣҽβ˵ĻҲʲôġ˼Ȼô˵ȴô롣
ǵ׳ܣһҪŪʲôĻǵʱѿˡ
Σûʲô飡
˼ȴо׿϶ģΪһһֱǶԼȻҲ֪һŵ״ʲôطģ  ȥſ
Ҳܲգýȥ׷ʲô״
ͷһͷҲһʹģ
ԫ˿ԼŮԥһ֮Ҳ˵ͷ
˼˺ܿϵķ䣬˼Ŀʼ
ƵǣôţȴһĶûС
·沢ûκ˴һ㣬Ϊǿ׺˽ȥĻǻĻΪûˡ
ô죿ţ
ԽԽǲȣܸоʲôҪ
ְûڵһ˲ռҪײ浽׷ʲô飿  ײ
ʱҲסˣӦҲ֨ɣ
ھȻһûУһʲô鷢
ڻ˼׼ײŵʱȴϷžȻˡ




078Ժ
 

ס
үү
ϡ
Ρԫ˼ͬʱԭ׼ײǵŵĻ˼Ҳһɲͣ
ʲô
ϳһϳɳصӣ֮ǰȣϲϡ
ף
ԫѾǻָ֮ǰľƺǰľҪһЩҲһ𾪵Ŀǰĸס
һԵĺҲĿϵϣˣ
ڸʲôƣȴ海ңҽǵĴ֮𣿺ҲǵģԫҲź֣ⶼʡίˣôôס
ϵȻԲϣۻޱȡ
סκˣүү
һãȻͲţԭѾ϶ǿ϶κϵģʵȴЩ۾
ԺûûСҲֱϵ̬൱ǿӲܿת׵룡
Щת̫죬úεĿϾӣڵõһʵ
ǰȥļһȻһָ֣ҽ̩ô˵Ŀأ  ټϵĲܶҽѾǴùˣɱôĸŪˣںҲĪ
ȴԼĸȼһ˿˿ϣ
ҽ˭صģҽʱԼ˼Ҳˡ
ЦŵϣǻһЩɣ
Ȼô˵̸оѾһϵˡ
ղͳˣڿǱ˻Ĵ˼ơ
϶Ц˵һЩȻһЩ裡
ԫƨƨߵľȥˣԼĸ͵ӣҲ˸ɾ
һ׶Щѹ֣Լĸһֱ ܲ
ң˵ȫǿԼ׵ŵģԼĸײˣôҲͲеĻԻˡ
Ȼԫ;ҲŲλãվҲֻǾһء
˼ףŵһҲǷˣһŵİһ°˺¡
ֻоԼ֮侹ȻһЩ࣬ǰйĸܡ
̹ȻԿΪӣԼǰ첻ġ
Σղ˵ĻҺһϿźγ
ҲһʧȥӦеءҪһʶ
һ̾Լ˵ȥĻڱѭӦˬ
΢΢ֵã֮ǰ˵ˣ˲˲ãûգȻҲ׵ĳ֡
ҽ֮߳ƽʵԺҵϱǼһҪء
Ȼûб׵ݣȴЩСǶײˡ
ҪһĻǵʱʲôɲˡ
ˣЩȴԼףϣκһ顣
ѾǼ˾̫幬۴κνǶȳôûдġ
ڰɣϣϵĴ磬ֵܡ˼ƺҪ»ôŶЩ֡
һ˵Ļûˣ
ϣģµġ
Ȼô˵ǾģǺǡЦŵ
һԵԫ˶ԼүүʲôʱƢôĺù
Ϊҽ̩ƽȻҲǰ
ǴȨˣ׸Ƶȥֺһˡ
һԴϵĻһĨֺõζ棿  ̫ˣ  ȻκϣҲûбҪɣ
ԵɣȻǺǲиƵá
ΪߵĻ̬ȱڻء

ο˿ףϳ˼ϣ֮ɫ
ϵҸղҲֹ̽ˣϣѺϵĴ˵һɣ׳
ԭ£ôһ˵Ȼվ΢΢ȻõϴĲΪսʱڵĵƬ£ΪһЩԭƬûȡóµĲ
ϣȣһֱʹͼ尾֮УЩҲܵĺܣ
εȷܵĺܣҼǿźֻ졣
Ǵ黹Ǵ;ǴĽǶϴڵ嶼شġ
ȻϣܹԼ׵ʹ࣬Լĸ׻ˡ
ϳѾ;ƿˣҽʥһϣû

εɫһѿô˵ǲǵھˣ




079ٴγ
 

ϣɵ취Ҹװ
εۿЩʪһ뵽ԼĸѾۿдתˡ
ΪһʡǣȻ˵ӣ֪Ƕôܡ
һֱǺε𾴵ĶŲħļ尾ΪҵһˣһõĻر
ϿźεӣҸղ˵۲ʶ̩ɽ˵ϻһܹκϵĻҿҲˣ
仰˵Щˣܹκ֮Ҳвٵġ
ֻܹȴǺ֮ܶ࣬ԶΪ֮Ҫǵ˼룬Ǿ޿ܵġ
Щ˻ԵܹѾ֮ˣ  ȸ֣һ֮ôõأ
ҲΪżȻõ˴Уһֱͣ׽磬Щ˲˽ӽĻᡣ
ҪȻĻͲ̸ǺˣżҲΪ߻ħܿʧȥԼ
׵ĵ׵ĸıЩ˵ˣ  ܹҵĸףһӻع϶κˣô˵ҽǸ˫  Ѿǵ㲦Լղһεĳʣ
˵֮ξЩˣڲôΨ
Σһٶ̬ȡ
ЩŭɶκôҲʡίǣȻʱڲԣѲҪԼĸ
һʱһʱ󡭡
̶Цݳ˵֮ʵѾǺڲˡ
װڰֵˣֻֿܹ֤ܳ
ºһ˵ʲôĻǳϽлл
лȣҺҶȻģܳɹĴҺҡ
һ˵൱ĲǸղǵĽζҲ˵Ļ
˼һǿѹ£Щ֨ˡ
Ƕ׵ҽҲǸоһĺ棬ôģôᾹȻʵ  ֻǲô£ҲܲµõǵõɽĴС
ϵķ䣬֮⣬һα档
һûڸκε׵ĲˣǾһȴŸ߿¼ѧһ㣬쳣
˼֪һξºϵĻԺĵλ൱ĸˡ
βãʵĿǰϵ̬ȣҲѾ൱ţˡ
ϵķ䣬˿̵ĺϿȥЩ񣡣  ڲҩζЩζΪķնɢڷڡ

Ͽ˿ϣҲһλҽĸʵ˺ϵɫѾ֪ˡ
ƺ˿ţѵ˫ۣϾȻһվһԣа˼ȴʼ˵
һĻ֪ʹ̵һֱ֡
ֻʣһˣ
ײδӽϣѾжϳ˺ϵ־ǿ֮ˣѾǼݺȥˡ
벡ħȻûսʤħ֧ŵѾǷǳˡ
費ҪʲôҲֱ˵ʵ
΢΢ҡͷ㿴һжûпˣȰϵƬȡ
ô֪Ƭ׵Ļ൱𾪡
ûп֪ϵƬҲ̫˰ɣ  ЦŵԺҲﵽľģˣȿʼɣʱпܡ
׵Ļû˵꣬Ѿ֪׵˼Լλݴʱп徣
һŰɫźϣ˿̵ĺѾǱ۾ղǿѾþ
ƽ̴ˣ⡭ǣʵǺ̫ˣЩ̲סʵ
׵ʵʵʱڵﴦӦҲֵܵɣ
ֲҸоôϤֻҴûиܵŨҲЩȻ˵
׵һַֻ˺ϵĸ첲ؽڴһƬ
ڣ
һĺϵһڿ״˿ںϵĸ첲һץ
һѸٵĴ뵽׵У˿ڿ׵УѾһϸϸĸƬĩ  ܿ죬׽ĵƬȡ˳ԼĽݴϵüͷ΢΢һ壬ַܿ
ͺˣ
ЩĿףŸоʵ̫ˡ
΢΢ҡͷֻǵһƬԺĻָҪӰ죬ȡĻԺĺ֢
ͷƽ̴ˣҲ֪˵ʲôˣʱֻܹлˡ
װڰֵĵڶҪķһЩʱ䣬һʱе
ƽ̴ˣھͿʼ
Щ𾪵ĿףһʼѰ˼ΪʲôԼڿѾһˡ




080ϵĸ
 

ϵķУһصľ󣡣  ڵϣϥռڳʵʵϵھǴڴڵ
ݳޣҪЩ߿Ļ϶Ǵ˷ѣ
Ҳûа취飬ȷǺķѴҪúϻָܵĻǱҪһԺõĻ
ǺܺãֻܹǿеİѷڲõĶȫ
ЩûյĻҲ˷ˣ  ܲܺ˼˹հɣǰҲֻܹˡ
׿Ѿ£ѵ֮صƽľСѭʮΣѭʮ˴Σ˷
ϲҵ׸Ķ֪ģСѭ֮ǰҲо
ֻоķȷѭԼôô
ŵ߻ħ  ˵֮󣬱㲻ٹϣֻȻƺϣȴҲ۲ϵһһ
ʵһξκϲҪĿģҪĿĻϵϡ
㳿֮⣬³ľ̫幬յĵһʽŵӡ
ΪģΪ˲һòͷĻҲܹŪ̫ΰɣ
ߣ׽ǿеѹ˺ϵľ
֮·˽սһ㣬½֮ǰЩήľϵĽս
һĳ忪˺ϵľһػĻᰡ
ܹȼ
һ߿Ҳ𾪲ѣ˰
һ˼ܹۼ˶ľȴԶԶﲻٿصϸ΢ĵز
׵ʵ̫УľȴѾǴﵽһߵĲΡ
ɽ磬ܼ
һʱʱʱ
κԫһֱվ棬ȻڲͣתŻ⣬ǺһûϢһ̲
ʱԽԽĵ
ʱܹ̫̫ˡ
һ󼦵ѵ뵽׵ĶУתͷȥ
˿ϵĵﲻϵķű仯쾳۷塢쾳۷塢쾳ڡȻﵽ쾳Բ
쳣Ѹ٣쾳ֻĳʼ׶Σټȳ쾳ʵ
ȻˣҲֻܹﵽˣΪ湦ûС
û湦Ҫڣڳ˵Ρ
÷ţܳɣ  ϻ۾һоһĪˬڻ³һδ֪
ȻûʹȴеĸܵĴڡ
ǵˣ֮ǰϻۻжѾʧȡ֮쳣Ӿ  ͵ˡ
ѾһԵɳϣһֱŬЦŵ
ƽ̴ˣͺˣЩ˼ʵ
ЦŵһεǱˡ쾳Բֻһűɽˣ
ҸоԼѾ˺ܴ仯ˣ⻹ûн簡Ҳ𾪵ĿףΪԼѾһԱˡ
Ǻǣô򵥣ʼʱ൱ڱʱ䣬࣡
ϵɴ۾׵ꣿ̫˰ɣƽ̴ˣڵľ쾳磬һʲô
ȷ൱Ŀţʱ൱꣬ʲô
׿ʼռ֪ʶȻˣҲ֪һЩ
ʼĸϽһЩźĶҲǸɽģʽԼ׫ġ
Ժ󵽵ǲǣ͵ʱ˵ˡ
һ໴Сһ㣬ϵļȡ֪ʶһʱĹҲ֪˲ٵĶ
һЩʵֺͲѾָơ
룬ԼǺСν쾳ԲһʼΪͦţġ
׽֮ŷ֣ô¡
һҪѧҵԼǴڻδ׶԰֮ǰ״̬Ժ·൱ġ
ƽ̴ˣϺô˰
ջ˺ϵ飬ϾҲĽݴ磬ֵܸ֮쳣
ڻʮû⣡
Ҳǫ˵ʵĿǰϵ״̬ٻʮ궼һⶼûеġ
˵Щ̫ˣֻܹ˵һ㡣
ϵɫҲӿֳǿҵ֮ɫЩٵ˵ƽ̴̫ˣ
ҪһοŮͻ˼Сӵϣǿ»ûԵ߽֡ľԵ֣ҵҲǱȽ
ڻǱȽԵ֣ҪȻĻԼôõɽĴأ  Цŵͷܹƽ̴ˣҵĸ֣
ȿȿȡ
һҵĿ𣬺ƺҪתѣӣȴ




081𾪵ĺ
 

죬û°ɣ
һϾȻ֮³һЩɺ̱ǵĶҲǼæǰ
ڷô⣿
ϿߣҲǸоһĲ죬ʵ֪ԼѾǲˣû뵽ԼȻܹѹ
Ͻִ˺ϵ֮ϣƬЦŵ磬ָĲѾƽȡ
һָĲϵ¶һ˿𾪵Ŀ⣬Լܹ  Цŵ˵ʵĲѾ޲ˣҺһλҽ
ϳԱ߿˿һǱߵ׵ʱ˶ˡ
㡭еҽ˵λɣ
ָָףȻ֪֮У˵Ȼʲôҽ
ϹһЦ٢ֻشֵĻһμĵط¾ڵˡ
лл࣡
ӲʱоԼ·صԼʱһ㡣
Ȼǹ񣬿⾫ȴ֮˲٣ϵѪɫҲĻָ
ʵҲ飬׵ǽµһ顣
״λվϣЩӦģǺǡ
Цŵ˼ѣһοɶСһҪȻĻǶԵʶȿҽ
˵ʵղҿʱҲһ㶣û뵽ᾹȻд˵֮ʵ˺
Ҳ鲻Խ̾ԼѾԼʧȥϣû뵽վȻ˸Ȼˡ
ϹһЦ磬ԹӢ۳˰һУΪʦҽտʵΪұģԺҵĵʦ
ڷһǵһο˵Ļȶ֮ӿȪ౨ԺҪʲô飬ܿڡ
Ȼ֪Լζʲôο׵ҽȻȱǮʲôġ
λȨأȻҲһЩܹס
΢΢һЦлϯ
̸֮ݡСһʣԺƽ۽ˬʵЦЦľһֱδı䡣
ҲЦŵղҲ˵ˣǸģµġ˴磬һֵڵĵƬѾȡˡ
Ƭȡˣļٵģ
𾪵Ŀϣ˵ʹʵЩܡ
ѵƬȡøûκεĿԡ
ĵƬѾǺ͹ͷһƬƬ
ǣһȫ  ôҽѧĸ˶ûκεϣȡû뵽һֱĵƬȻȡˡ
첲˿ԼƬڵĵطط𣡣
ϸоԼЩʧԣȻܹ˵ģ׾ǽͿҲˡ
׿˿ϵϣؿˣһЩǳֶȡġӦ֪ɣ
Ѳˣ켴Ǽ˷ˣֵʱҲĪ
飬һص֯  ߼׳Ҳֻ֪ڶѣĿǰΪֹûĿˣ˵һάҰȫһȺˡ
Ⱥ˸˵ͨ쳹صı¡
û֪˵ĴڣΪ߼쵼֮һҲжš
飬Ҷһһ൱صĴڣ  ˵ⱲʲôźĻûмˣ¾֮һ
ʲô
һԵϲ֪Ĵڣ֪Ļº׾ܹµӦˡ
飬һȺӵⱾһάƬصİȫˡ׳
ѵǣϲʵ
΢΢ͷ
쿴ϵڷ˵ʲôҿɸ㣬ǹ߻֮һһ˾ǲ֪ġ֮ӵ൱Ȩ˵ʵһûм֮ˡ
ЦŵҾˣϣϣܹΪұܡ
˵ݣûа취ˣƬȡһ˺۶ûУôأ  һѣܱȶһȺҪõöɣ  ˵ˣּˣȻ֪ܵҪˡ
ϹһЦܹҵʹ࣬ɵĻѾǸмˣģҺԲ͸֡
ˣģ϶ֹٿԱ֤϶ʮꡣЦŵ
ѾЩľˣ׵ĳָ̫̫𾪡
һСӣϾȻôܣôܹأ
ڷһ׿˿ֱ֮󣬷Ѿϰ˵ˡ
ʽѧĵһ죬೤ôܹȱϯأ




082µλ
 

ϾȻ߳˷䣬˵ǰһĻúκԫĿɿڴ
ôҲû뵽Լĸ׾Ȼһܹ´Ȼ˿ĸ׹
ôأֻҪԼĸվţǾһɽһᱮ
ں˵ϵĴζļ廹һ㣬ζźκĵܵ;Ŀռ䡣
ЩζǵȻ֪
Īϵľ֮ɫþΪˣ
ףվˣ
һŵĿԼĸףǾһ˫۾͸ǻۺ͸㡣
СΣôˣ
֪ԼڽʱӦSʡôúõܵأ
֮ǰ˼˵һҽҲľ͹û뵽ҽʥ֣Ҵ۽簡
ּ˵˻ˣ൱ţģѾǰ׷һˡ
ղʱѾڷ˵ǵ飬ν˲ò࣬㰡Ƿȱס
ףǣѾҽǸˡ
˿̵ĺΣһ̻Сһ㣬һ㶼˵ʲôġ
еϣַ  Ǹˣϵϡ
׿źξȻɫЩ죬ҲǵϣЩ¡νʶǺǣ
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ϵ̬𾪲ѣҪ֪ԺϵݺȨƣܹ˵Ļǿ൱Ĳ׵ġ
ʼϣϣҶ֪˵ʲôˡǿΪ˹ҺһӣҽҲҵҲ𣿡
һǰ٣˵ԭЩһ൱𾴡
ǰѧʱ׾ͺϲսƬʲôģÿÿ뵽һʷǳѪ
Ȼ֮ǰô񣬿ѪʵС
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Ҫ㷽ĻһһԶٷ
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˵ޱȣʣԼԲľ硣
һѧأǺǣ
ҲЦʱ˵ԼҪѧЩʱˡ
һȺ֮СģѧҲһѧ
֪ͬ۴ѧѧ֮ǰһȥһΡ˼Цŵ
Լ֪֮ȥἰĻϺͺľΣˡ
룬Ҳҿ˵飬ԼڻǸ
Цŵ˼СӲһøлء
үүҲӦøлˣҷֵף
ѾǺ˰ۣҲԼһˡ
׿˵λ£շԺʲôĻʱ绰ϵɡ
ٺ٣ף鲮SʡʡίǣSʡͶʻÿ鲮
˼ʱ˳ԭҪƸгæģ鷳ο϶ǲõġ
ߣԵþͺܺʱˡ
ιһЦҵǺ°ǻӭһSʡͶʵġ
˼Цŵ鲮ָܻ֪Qˣ˵㻹ĸĸء
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Լĸ׶׶˵ӣܲ
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ȥıӰϺһ
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˼˿̵Щ˷쳣ԭ׵Щɣһε֮ɢ
׿ǳݵͶأϺ˾Ȼҽκˡ
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׿Ż˼Цŵ˵ֲ˵ɶ˼
ڶҸ˵ˡ˼Щ뿪Ц˵
װһۻ˼ɣҸĻױƷȻȥһ£ЧӦ֪ôİɣ
˼һָû⣬һλȥ̾Ͱ죬һ˽ʱҾͷɹˣſ㣡
ʲô׵ݹһźɫĿƬҲЦʵ
˼Цŵҵÿ⻹һţһŷµеطѡ
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˼ʼ磬׵ڵײͬͳſȻҲǿһ㡣
ںҡҺͻҾǶһĵġ
PSлֵǵۺ͵֧֣ɢΪֻܼ֣õƷ׸ҡ




083̹
 

ָ磬ľѵϽ˰ɣղظԱ绰ˡ
ۿЦŵʵҲ֪׵ȥʲôط绰Ҳͨ
ϵ绰ʱ۵Ǻ򶨣˵һͺá
ЦЦһѹһʱ䡣ôͿʼѵˣ
ǰ֮ûжãظԱ֪ͨȥѵŶˣǸ˳ѧ˵ҰǮ㣬Ǯſ档
۽һпݸףʮǮһѧ˵࣬ɶ˵ҲǾţһëѡ
ЦŵǮ͵ĻɣҲϵġ
˵ָ磬˰Ϊ߱ɣû뵽Ȼ顣ַһЦ
־˳Ҳһ˼˵ǰǼλNBAĳǾȻͬ۴ѧ棬ǲ֪мͬѧҺǼλǵĺӰˣ
ЦЦָ磬˵ʵҲò̫ˡ
׻˾ѵȻЦŵǻȥ༶ϰɣ
׵ҲǲԸڶἰ飬ôɺϵأ  ⼸λǵĳ֣ǰ׸ˣ̸ܶ۵ľ⼸λͬ۴ѧ顣
ͬ۴ѧϵһ࣡
༶ʮˣĿǰ⼸һ֮⣬˻Ҳ˽ߡ
ϵԱߣվһλԲʷӣȥʮ£һ˫ӥ۾˸оЩ
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˿̵׺۵Ѿߵ˹м䣬һ·Сܵ˽ſڡ
Ǯ̹٣ǵˣ
⼸˵ĳ֣Ҳһ
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Ȼû뵽Ҳˣ  Ǯ̹ٳĵ൱ζ˳ȥǲһ
ϸоһֶصʣ֮ǰЩ˲̫һġ
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Աûгٵɣ
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Ǯ̹Щ飬Ŵ˵ݣҲֻܹʼ硣
һԵϿǮ̹ҲǸȻǮ̹٣û֪ͨλ
飬ȻٵˣǾҪܵͷǵһΣҷŲٳʮȦ
Ǯ̹һһ۵ĿףһĲˬ
Ǯ̹٣Ϊҵԭŵķֵûйϵ
ǰɣǮ̹ЦһȻҪӢۣҾ㵱ӢۺˣһʮȦ
ʮȦ
ƵĿ˿Ǯ̹٣һǲв  ʮȦʲôѧУĲٳǱ׼İܵʮȦɾʮﰡ
һͨѧһôܹľأ
׿ȥĺܣʮȦҲѲƤ˰ɣ
Ҫǣ鶪˰  ˭ûܣΪʲô͵ʮȦأ
ôˣ
Ǯ̹ٵĿдһ˿ζ˿۵
ŭĿԲҡ
ۣȥʮȦʮȦɡ֪һԼȴν
˵ʮȦİȦô  ڵʵһǧҲ͸һ
ߣĿ޼ɣǲ֪ʮȦĿʲô
Ǯ̹ɫµĿף˵ðһӵĺ
׿˿Ǯ̹ûʵ
ףôǮ̹˵أϽǮ̹ٵǸصλȥ̸ʹɫ
ҽ컹ҪһȦһȦҲ١Ǯ̹ٵĻں̬ȸŭˡ
ߺ飬Ǯ̹ٵҲǶ˼βн̹٣ȥͣǵ֮
Ǯ̹٣
ϿǮ̹٣һ𾪵ĿǮģײǸѧһȦְҵ˶Ա궼൱ĳ
һҪʲôĻǵʱɲˣһĸԱ

Ǯ̹ɫһ䣬һضûУ




084Ҫأ
 

һſڣ  ۼ˼λ̹٣ȥǮ̹ЩУϵǾͿԿóľ൱ĸߡ
ǰƺ͵ҲУݾȻһѧľѵ֮С
ʵ  ӳСͦᰡ
һľ˿¶һ˿мĿ⣬Ҫ֪һιǴĿĹġ
ȻˣǾ»Ҳ˵ǵȴǳĺˡ
սӣ
ʵǿһ֧زӾǣһǹǷһˣ̹ټֱɱţˡ
бôܣǰ೤һܣ
ۻˣһȦʲôǿʮﰡ  һɵĳˣǾѵĻһ˾ܲ˵ġ
Ҿôˣ
Ǯ̹ûκεı飬֪ǷŭǸˣһֱôӡ
׳ЦЦôܸأһһܰɣһҪܲҵĻЦԼܰɣǽȥɣ
ҲһһԼ൱ŵĻһѧܲˡ
ǼǾôˣ  ѲǾͲѧ״׻ͦؾ˵ģҪȻ̬ôĺá
СӣƾҲǱȣ
ǸղŲ廰Ҳܲˣ˹Щʢ˵˵
ף㵽Ҫʲô
ҲǸ㲻һôЩ̹˵Լ
׿˿ϵԱӦҲóǹΪҰɣʲôгٵʮһ룿Ѳǵı׼ҵıʾаӲŵ8ءڼȻȻ˵ܣܾˣ
ݣղ˵ҵܲ㣿
Ǯ̹ٵ¶һ˿Цһǵͨ˵ĻǾʹشˡ
ֻǾá
׿ûаѻ˵֪ôҲܵӮԼġ
Ͳ󣬿С̡Ǯ̹
ӳ
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̣һȣ˦ʮȦ֪ġ
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Ī̿ǲӣҲ΢΢̾һΪǸˡ
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̵ЦЦһԵļҲЦ
һͨ˺ȻǲܱȣǸǾеٮٮߡ
ƽǶ۸ڶˣһͬ۴ѧǱȨǳɢɢˡ
û뵽ѵһ죬Ȼ˸ҸǵĴӳˣӳƢ̶Щο֪ߵغСأ
Ǯ̹٣׻Ǹոոбҵĺӡ
ʱҲ˲ˣȥ׿ҪԴġ
ʼԱʱջȥԼԼ˻𣿼ȻǾ£
棿ӽˮ˰˼ҿǾˡ
ǿ챻׸ˣʱ˵棿  Ǯ̹¶һ˿ɭȻЦݵһξѵһ£ұ֤̣㻹Ÿʲô
̿һ׺ٺһЦСӣʼɣ
׿˿̵Ȧ
ͣ  ̸Ҫܣ仰ûһϲԼȦ  仰ԭԼһ˵ģҪԼĶӳҪһʮȦĻĻܼȦ
û׼һܸ߰ȦԼͷˣڶսѡεʱҰʮԽҰǱؿĿ֮һ
Ǯ̹Ϊʲôѡ̺ױȣôȻϹѡġ
սҰʮԽҰǿ൱ǰģҪ˵ܲĻڶܹǰ
Ȼˣ̻̬Ͳ̸ˣ̬Ƕġ
̬֮⣬ûз˭
Ȧ̸оһģͺǱ˼һ
ôˣ𣿡
ԼǱƺһ㶼ż
Ǯ̹ʱǰĿתף˿ǰһ֪ʲô
һѧôܸԼÿ̿ѵʿأ  һƺһĵ֮ɫûУΪҪ
Ȼǲ˱¶ԼݣǾ˱Ǻս֮ˣ  ƽǮ̹٣˿ѾŭˣǰǵݣҪúõĴǰһһ١
ȻУǮ̹Ҫˣһɾûзˣ
Ҫأ
ЦһһǧټƵҪԼҲôǵġ
ѵһͺͽ̹ٳͻĻ治࣬Ѿһ˿ȥûзļ
ǿмУһİ취ҲûУֻܹĿš




085ûô
 

ţ  ѧͽ̹֮䣬൱ĺھȻҪ̹ٱԣ̹ٻսӵˡ
ǮУ׼ֱ  Լ˱ԣȻʳԼҪӦôĻ  ֱЦԼôأ
һרҵ˶Ա¶̵Ķ֣οոմӸѧѧأ  ܹͬ۴ѧǮ岻һѧϰɼܲ
ĵܵǮʵҲڼϵֻѡ
ԭǮҪѵԼܵǮģһࡣ
ûа취һҲǴģԸһȺѧǮ˵ֱСƣ
û뵽ո׼һľѵȻͷˣ  Ҫ±ĻǮһﳢʲô˼Ͼ±ǰҲľˡ
Ҫһһ  ȻһﾹȻ£׼Լһϡˡ
ǮеλȻģʮ˸ڻµġ
ģûмôģ  ҪôһʵҪôһǰ׳գ˵ĳɼܹͬ۴ѧΪǰ׳Ȼǲܵġ
ʵ  ǮЦһʵôھʵĴͷȥˣ󻹲Ǳε÷  սӸսЩĸٮٮߣջҪأ  ڵӸλǮܾöûгԼԸζˡ
ӹ˵ֲͦľģ
ԼĽɣΥԼ־˾Ҫѹġ
ҪȻȥһ̴ӵĴӳȻһëͷѧʰˣЦ
ˣǮ˲Щʧ񣬲ܿԼȻҪһ첻ԷǾˣˣ֮ڵˮ
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˵У׾Ȼû˿η壬·һоһͨıһ㡣
ʼ
Ǯƺڸ̣ҪǳԲ˶ˡ
̿˿Լӳǲ̫ƵĿ⣬ҲʼȻ׵Сӣʼɣ
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һԵҲЩԲ׼ָ磬ûбҪӰɣ
û£˵ܲһû¹˭Цŵһһ㶣漴ٺһЦָ磬ҪӮˣǿΪ606˰
̸ʲôⲻģֻǲϲôʢˡ׵ȻһЦ
Ǯ壬ʵҪ
ײƲ磬˵ǮҲЩߣһѡ񿪵˾ѡˡ
һκһˣΨܹ󣡣  ̿ôŰ裬ҲǲܲˣȻԼܴЩŤˣ  ҪǾôŵĻǵʱҵ۵С۵ĺˡ
̾Լ϶ӮˣڵĿɲӮףҪӮһʮȦϡ
̾һһﻹĲһͣ
оԼԱ̫ʧˣǮ޲Ҳˡ
׵ʱ򣬾ȻҲˣ治֪һﵽôģ
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һȦʲôʮ·̿ɲ˵ܹģ̾ԵĳܣȻ֪սҪˡ
׿ʼˣոճ˺ܶˣһЩԭЩΣѧǴ˿ҲǺĳŴ⿴˹ȥ
һ̹٣һѧ
˿ʼ˽һȥԵȣɱ˫ȴûκεԹԣ
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ֹǴͷҿСЩɵ㶵ģһȦҲЩ
Ϊ±ѵģҪС֪սӵģ֪СӸҲôˣ
һԵļ̹٣Ҳû˼ȥѧˣҲǿֲ´
ʵںĿɲһˣе˶֣һеô£
ԭϾŵӴҪ׼ʱٳϼϣʱ˵ӵ쵼ԡ
û뵽ԭļƻѾȫȴˣ
ǮҲͣ㣬һѧͳһҿǼǿ
ӳ
Щ˼ĿǮ壬ʵǮ˵ûҪԼ֪ĻǶ֨ˡ
СӾȻҸԼĶӳģֱǲҪ
ȿɣһȦľѵĿȫȡ
Ǯļ˵ȥûκεı顣
ӳһŵӣ쵼ҪİǮԵһ˵
֪ƲıҪǰɣֱӴ绰Ʋıȥ֪ͨƲıǡ
Ǯ忴ĵҪһ·ϱˡ
һܹսʤ̣ҪȻĻʱһŪûܹء




086𾪵ĻƲı
 

ͬ۴ѧһΪ׵ľٶȡѵƻ
ҲЩ۾һĻ  ΪһˣӰļƻʵǮ忴ⲢʲôľѵΪѧǿһʶѡ
ٰ˵жʧھӵĻ¾Ͳܷˡ
ģʹˣ  ϵһ׸̹ٱϢֶߣ  һĽȣ̹ٶվǱ߳ŶĲٳš
˿̣һžϹһС𶹶ٽż˴һ˹
Ʋı
Ǯ忴ˣϵıˮӡ
ҵǮӳʲôг˵ȡȡˣ˵˻ҪһѧԣֱЦ
ƲıûߵǮĸǰѾǴ˹
Ǯ˿˻Ʋı׳ã
㻹֪׳һΪһѾǰȥأ
Ʋıû˵Щô飬ôĿߴţ
ʵϣһѧľѵǶһųѵҲˡ
һβͬΪͬ۴ѧһҪĵš
ΪĻҲöսӹ
һ仰仰˵ƲıǮЩСƢˡ
Ǯ強һ˿Цݵ׳һЩС
С˵˸˼һѧܲǲǾ
Ʋı׺ǱţҲȤĿ
׳ġ
˵꣬ǮʵƲı㱨飬мûʲôͼӴס
Ǹо˵Ķһ㣡
Сӵһӡ
Ʋı˿ףҲЦû֮ǰôˡ
׳Ǹӣɾ̫ͷˣҾҪɱɱ֪˵ĵ
ǮԭûдôҪܲˣһ첻ԷֻСʹѡ
һ첻ԷҲզΣ˵ˣԼҲ͹涨˲ܳԷȴûй涨ܺˮ
ڵڼȦˣƲıЦʵ
׳Ǹ׵ѧĿǰǵ9ȦҶսӵһֶӶӳĿǰǵ12Ȧ
һԵһͳܵȦ˻ƲıʻȻʵ档
ͲȦȥǸСһҲô
ƲıȦҲЦЦϾսӿǽõսӡ
Ⱑ  ǸղǮ壬Ҫӵʱһ㶼ҪһһѧĻ¶ҪΪ֮ˣ  
ǮʱƺҲע⵽һЩԾĶԷ˵һ൱ĺá
ȦȻǱǰ˿̡
ܹʮȦңѾǮĿ࿴ˣû뵽Ȧһ㶼ȶϳһЩ
ôԾʲôھǿƽʱѵɹʱ򣬵ʱҪһѧĻʣ
ƲıǮ֮ǰֵµľǿԼŻΪ˶սӵĴӳô˵ҲԼֵµı
Ǯ׳Ǹ׵ļһȦ
˵ʲô
Ʋıһ𾪵ĿǮ壬ȦҲ˵̸ȣǱõˣ
ȷȦһԵһҲǲ廰
ƲıЩӵ۵˵Ǯ尡ıȻҪȦ㲻ӶҶӶˣ
׳ҡ
ǮһʱҲЩ͵ףҲоԼϵˡ
Сû׼֮ǰɵģҪȻôôеأ
ȻԼµܲʵǿǸְҵ˶ԱʵЩġ
Ͼ˼ÿľܲѵĿĿֵ̫̫ġ
֮ܲ⣬Ұ桢񶷵ȵȵȵȣǶҪѵġ
˵Ǹۺ൱ǿǵҪﵽ綥ˮ׼Ҳǲ̫ܵġ
ƲıɫûлͷǮԼʿܹΪҽ⣬ҪȻĻߣսӵĴӳְ񣡣
ﻢ£  ѹһǰδеѹǮ壡  û뵽һССĳͻȻԼƵϡ
֮ǰû뵽ģѾ̶ȣԲ˵ġ
׳ҾԲġ
Ǯ̻൱ĵģ׾Բרҵ˶ԱҲǵ֮
ղһЩ˵ѣ  PSмʽϼܣֵ֧Խ࣬ѵʱҲԽлֵǶԱ֧֡




087С
 

ƲıĵԭѾЩɳڵһֽ
˾ô׺ˣһȦʵ̫ˣ
Ǯﻢ£ڽͣĻʱô£
ԼѧǰȨҪҪˣԲܽͣһעزͷıġ
ԼˣҲҪķڷ
ҪСܹӮ̣ôԸܳͷΪäĿĴۣ  ȻоԲܳԼġ
ڵڶȦˣ
һСʱ֮󣬻ƲıƺԼҲڵǶȦˣ  棬׵ʮȦ̵ʮȦ
ǸɫҲЩѿ˵ʱӦ𽥵ġ
û뵽಻ûԣ׾Ȼֳơ
˵ʵԼ  Ǯ֮һɲԤУһֱɵţƺ
ڿ̣ƺΪײϵļӿԼĽˣ  ˵ٶȾرĿ죬ȴҲ
ʱһһľôţһСʱȥˡ
ǶȦˣ
ƲıɫҲÿΪĽĶ̣Ȼһѧܲˡ
ղͬ۴ѧУңԼǴԼһδսӿȫĶˮ׼
žžžıǼֱǶһ衣
׳
ǸСƺ˵ʲôˣ˶Կóռơ
ʮȦˣ׿϶Ѿ˷ڶǵûһȦһȦ
µ񶾴̵𣿡Ʋıһ
׳ʮһȦʮȦǸЩȥ˵
ô˵Ǹ׵ͬѧѾȦˣƲıʵˣ˰ⳡԵĽΣҿǶսӶҪҺúõķʡʡˣ
׳ҡ
ǮһʱɫϻģһʼԼԼоԼ裬ȥСʱʱ䡣
ԼѵƻȫͣڿһЦ
׵ļһȻôľˣҲȫû뵽ġ
ˣôȦˣǮ廹𣿡ƲıȻûκεڼȥˡ
ӮҲǲҵģӣӮĿ΢΢
ΪѾǳһЩӦƺܵ쳣ɣôȥĻʮȦпܱ˦߰Ȧ
ҪӮ˼ʮȦ˼ʮȦΪһ˭̵ܹأ
ѲСǸǮͷ¶ɫ˼㡣
̽ԣǮô˵ڳԼʧܣ˶̵ʧܡ
ϸղһֱûи˵һ仰һ
ֲһôţǶԼʵŰ
ҲǸоЩ֣ÿÿԼʱܹԼһЩ漣ĸо
϶һЩģֺ֪Ϊ׵Ůˡ
һﵹҲǴ֣˳֮⣬Ҳǳǿߵġ
ܲ棬׾ǿߣ
Щ̾磬׵ĸ첲СУܲҶûз˭Сţ
˵磬ҲǱƵģٵӣһȫҲǿԭµ˭ûиأӳ
СҲǶӳˣô˵ɣǶӳûгԹôĿءСԺеˡ
̺ײУ˲ֳˣѡ
ܿ죬ͳ˻Ʋıĸǰ
ıã
û뵽Լ׵ıԾȻ˻Ʋı
Ʋı˿̵ղǴӳѾˣְֱ֣ҵˣһѧóҲͱˣȻˣ̴ȫԱµĽȫ乫
ǮƺһһԵļ̹ٵҲûоʲô
ЦŵûбҪɣҸ̹Ǿģдȣȳٵˣ
ǿλͬѧػж󣿿أǸ±ҲҪһЩʱհɣһ˼һȦ㵱±ǻ𣿡
ƲıǮдһ˿ķŭ
Ǯε˵׳ҲǱСӸĺͿˣ
Ʋıһת׵ͬѧȻӮǣʲôҪ㾡ᣬҸ
׿˿ƲıٺһЦŵ𣿡
ȻˣְȨΧҿɾΪˣƲıЦŵ
˰Щ̽Եʵ
ƲıЦŵҶ˵ˣְȨΧڵģᡣֻҪܴӦҿ϶Ӧ
ܲҪ󲻲μӾѵ׿ŻƲıЦʵ
ڵѵȫ˷ʱ䰡ϢϢˣ  ˻һ˶׿




088ŮԱķ
 

μӾѵ
ƲıЦһ˵ѵҲǴѧһű޿γ̣Ҳѧֵġ
кܶĴѧѵϸ˶ûа취õҵ֤顣
ҲѧУȡһִʩֶΣΪľеѧ鵽ѵĳɹ
һԵǮ׳²ʰɣ
ƲıʲôʵģҿͺܺСֵʲβμӾѵҵǾûʲô
Ͽ˿׵ǰ೤ͷòʰɣ
Цŵֻ˵μӾѵû˵
ƲıҿУװΪѵСԱ𱾴ξѵĿ˹
лл׳
׳ŻƲıҲǾһ񣬱Ͼ˼Ǿ
㣬ƲıξѵʽʼͬʱĽ
һǶУ԰ǳڴһεľѵ
ԴҲǷǳ飬ܿѵͽ滯ˡ
ڵɵĺܣʲôνľѵСʵǮˣһΰ׸ΪĲǲѵ
Ǯ忴׵ӣҲЩգһʱỹһûʲô취
νг𲻱ǾӣҲǱžء
һľѵϣһɵһ108˵ķ
׵ǺһԵ³һǮиоôĲˬ
ǸԱȻҪμӾѵźܶҪ
ЩѧѵҲҪǵӣڴ³û˵ִ೤һ߳ذ
ԱڶЩѵͬѧǽпأһϹҲһ˵
ѧ಻ԣΪǮı׼ȱҪ߳ܶࡣ
һѧľѵϸһˡ
е顭Ͽ׵
ʲô鸨ԱԸ
ЩĿ˿ϣԼ϶ǰ༶顣
ҡһȥμӸͬѧۻᣡ
ʱЩ˼һͬѧۻôһİ˲μأ  ûиɣԱͬѧۻǲǲ̫ʰɣ
ʵôҲû뵽ԼȻΪ顣
̾һҲûа취֮ǰһͬѧ׷׷̫룡
㲻ȥðѰɣ
һ̾Լôأ֮ǰҲԼƣҪ˵浱ġ
ȥð䣬׸оԼôôһ̥أ
þ̫幬ĴˣȻεȥ̥˵ȥҲǻᱻЦİ
Ҳðɣʱ㲻˵ˡ
ĺܼ򵥣ҪԼѵĻЩӦþͻ֪Ѷˡ
ԱҸʲôҲҪȥð𣿡û˵㲻ʲô¡
ҡڻ̸Ҫ̸Ļ׷ҵˡɫһ
ӻ׷ܹƽȦǰɣȻĻ̸һˡҪȻҵô
㡭Ϲ˵ʲôѧû뵽׾Ȼôֱףɫͨ죬͸˵ƻһ㡣
׺ٺһЦ㿴ڻûбҵҪ̸Ҳ̸ҵɣһһȥˣʱҲϴСˣǱҵͽ鲻Ǻܺ𣿡
㡭쵰æˡ
ϵ϶ܹ֭ˣԼװæ׿϶ǻӦġ
װ׳Զٷ˵ܹðԼѣǶ飿
û뵽Լôһ˵ȻԼѧϷˣǿ벻̰
׿϶ҪˣҲЦЦ
ʶ࣡
׷¶һ˿ЦݣʵҲ൱Ŀա
ѵϵҹʱضڽš
ĿǰѧУΪеĿ¾Ҫˡ
ϿЩѧѧ΢һЩԼͬѧ϶ʶġ
Ψһѧûмģϲ뷨
ֻһֱԥ¶ףΪָһһֱûûƤġ
ûЩѧɬҲ̫öһðһԣǱ˴Σ  ʱ䡢ص㣡
׿˿Цŵأ˼һҲ֪ʲôʱܹЩ϶Ǻ۵˻һ 
㣬̩ꡢ606ᣬʱһȥˡϵ
費ҪŪʲôģʵ֪һȥǰϽ鷳ģȻ˼ҰѾƵ궨ڻ̩ǼƵ꣬˵˵ʵ϶Ҳ
˵ˣܹϷյˣ϶̫ġ
Ͽ˿׵㻹г
˵װΣûǾͲܹһ𣿣գһ۾Цŵ
桭㣡
ɫߺ죬һûûƤԼĸԱȻҵϷ




089רҵ
 

ң׻һװվѧУſڡ
ϽϵĳˣȻһΪ˾ܾĳЩ˵׷󣬿ȴһ㶼
׻˵ĺ ŮΪüݣ⻹һ㶼ûд
ڵϣɫһȹټŮĴ
ԭУɱּŮ˿̿ȥǻͷʰٷ֮١
Ҳ̲ס࿴ۣϵһ˿Ĺŵ䣬һҪȥӵ뻳еĳ嶯
ǴȥɣϿչһЦЩϢ
ЦŵѾˣһ͵
㻹⳵ô˷ѰɣҲ֪㵽ûг𣿡
ȻҪԵøһЩҲ֪ǽھʵĻϵġ
˵ˣеǮԼ׷Լͬѧͬ൱㣡  ⶼˣҪȻˣǮѾˣʼ
ɵǮ㻹ˣῪ𣿡ЩΪѵĿʵΪԼûмء
ҡҡͷʱᣡ
ЩƵ˵ҲῪ
һЦҾ֪㲻Ὺ˸ʻԱ
ЩĿ׵û뵽ôϸģ
ҵŵкֵܶ࣬ᷢġûûƤ˵
Ͼ治Ҫface!!
۸ӢĲǲǣһһġ׺һ
˰ɣ㻹ӢĲã˭֪ѧ԰ͬ۴ѧ¼ȡ߸߳50֣ҲǶһˡ
Ҳ벻ͨһΪʲôҪѧأ
ͬ۴ѧļרҵȻǹڶ⣬ȴλһġ
֪淢˶ٵأ׸Ļͬ۴ѧ߶ˡ
Զĳʻ
⳵ǻ˼ģóһɱȫġ
϶ڳϤͺҲ֪⳵Ӧһĳ
ֻЩãֻʶۡһЩڵƷƣͺųͻǲʶ
ܡ
һ³͸׺Ͽš
Цŵף˵ʻԱͦרҵء
һ㶣֪ܿײ뱩¶ԼݣҲװɵ
ֻҪ˵ǲһжOK  ЦŵרҵҪǲרҵʱ򴩰ˣǶ˶ˣҲǸӵŶ
רҵˣһǮЦʵ
ڳڣתͷ˿һԵϡ
ЦŵȥµģǮܲɣİɣǮҳˣ
ˣ¶һ˿ŹֵЦݵʵҲ࣬һǮ
Ǯף֮ǰһͬѧ˸ҲһǧǮһ죡㾹ȻҸ˵⳵Ҫһ򣿣
춼ЩˣһﻹǸ̵Ĳϰһֿڵĺ֡
׿һϵ㿴˵ҪǮ˵˼۸ֲǮ
㡭ס
ǰ˷׿Ҳֱˮĸо
Цŵ˺ˣپͶٰɣ֮ǰҲӮ˵ǮȨֺøԱ˺ðɣϣԱԺܹ
ߣ̬Ȼ࣬Ϊôɵ⳵оĲҮʲôӰʵ
Цŵڱ۹˾һƷƣ
ǹƴģɣͷǧǮ㣬ԲǮģϵҲǸˣܹ뵽һʵѾǸо൱ˡ
кܶŮˣΪԼŮΪΪ鶼Ӧõġ
ʵ¼˭Ϊ˭Ӧõأ
ЩҪǮ˼ҲҲǿϲŻ  ⲻΪδõĴѧЦ
Ͽ׵һᵽͬѧۻĵطɱĳԩͷ˰
û£ҵʱ£׵ͷ
ƺЩĵ˵ʱ˵ˣʲôװɵ㶣ǧҪ¶ͬ۴ѧѧˣ
İɣҵشŮʱһ˰ɣ׵
һҾƢʱ򾭲˵ļһǷĵġ
˼䣬ǳŻ̩ķ򼲳۶ȥһ·ϵ൱Ĺɡ
ѧģ׺ͻٶĹϵ
һλٶ֮󣬻صؽһҪ׵İţԼһιʡ
һ֤ڻ˼еĵλԽԽߣܹûٶصˣ  ôǰŮȥ൱Ĳֻϧʶرĸߣ
ͺܸЩνı۱  һ㣬ǾԵѧǲĽ񰡣




090µ͵
 

̩꣡
׺ϵﷹʱѾǽߵˣĳž˶֪°߷顣
ǱգҪȻĻ߸߼ţ°˵Ӷˡ
ٲ  Ϻ׽ʱ򣬼еĿⶼ˵ϡ
ϵ൱֣ЩͬѧŮĿⶼͣϡ
ȻˣĿ⻹ǽĶףͻȻֵӣ˱һֺ̬ȡ
Բ𣬸λͬѧ·Щ³ˡ
¶һ˿Цݣ˴кܿվһλҲǲŮ
׼Ѽѣ֮ǰһģһ̵Сϣҿɾ͵һ˰ףλǣ
λСϵͬѧҺãҽף˫ľ֣׵סϵѣμ棬Ҷա
׵ͦŵÿЩľܿĳ
ⳡ˵ֵһᣬ̩ڲ͸ԼҲ
ϣʲôʱ̸ģô֪
ϵԱߣһŽ˿۾˹ĵվϵЩ˸о¡
ϵİ೤ͬʱҲͬ۴ѧѧḱϯϵѧϯ
˵ѧУʱǷ˧áǿ  ˾ʹɼǱɣԺ˭ҪǸĻǾ֮ٻ
˵֮ǰͬ۴ѧвٵŮ׷ǰλ
ˮǧȴֻȡһư
ȻһưȴôȡҲȡ׷ϣǹ顣
ÿһΰ༶ۻ϶˶ǳǵģֻܶ˶֪ϸϲ
೤̸Ҫ㱨ɣף߰ɡ
׵ĸ첲󷽷˰׼ѼѵԱߡ
ԱԭŵǸλƺоЩˣʵһ˭Ҳ֪ϾȻѹˡ
Ҫ֪Ǳҵҵʱ䣬ϾȻ̸ˣ
ţǰһУ
ãҽСϴѧʱİ೤
ɫ΢䣬̵סȻĸ֣ƾȾ˸о̫һ
ֻϧ˽ȴһΪСˡ
һ׷ԼȻ˸ˣҾ˵߹ǡ
ԭ֪ǸдһŸϣŭһֱС
֪ȻˣһֱеӰ
ʲô˲ܹɵó
Ǻ𣿲Ǹ涼Ҫֶ˳
׷ԼȥˣԺأ  ԭһЩøУϾ涼㣬֮˱ﲻһ
׿˿ֻбһۣȻ೤ǸСĸɲǰѧУʱ򣬾ͺ°೤Բ˼೤Ҷ԰೤Щð
ϬĻػ  ɫѿ˼㣬ĴƺûлʲôõĽ
û뵽˵ô룬İһ
֪ʲôط߾ͰЦһʵ
ԭúõͬѧۻᣬƺ˵ĽǶһ㣬˻ҩζ
֪׸ûй̵೤ҿȳԷɣ
СϣҲͬѧۻģǶλӸȤ˵˵£
׼ѼȻһᣬȴһֱվߣһʵ˶֪
ԱߣͬѧĸԭҲЦ˵ôŰشŮѻҪҴŻզΰ
ûУ
ɫҲ̫ÿ˽쿴ǰ˺˰
˭ҲԿó޺磬Ƕס
Ҫԭ϶Ϊ׵ԼѣԼĸߵܵܵĻһ̬ˡ
΢΢һЦʱûʲô߾Ͳ߾͵ģ׼˾
Ӵ׼˾ЦһҾͦ
ԭǸδɹʿءԭһҲǱ죬ƺס
׵ҲСϿصֲҵļҾصҶ˺òãǶᣬȻǿԴƴ
Ҫһ˾ʧأǵʱôСҸЩͱ˵ʵ
೤ûʲôϵɣҺС֮飬ͬȻҲԹѣ
ЦһһܵĻǿֲϲҪΪѡ
ϿƺͦģʵһǳС
شŮһεĳԷӦ֪ɣԭ΢΢һЦ
ʲô⣿Щ죬Щ˪ʵ
ԭһЦŵףǰ೤˳ͨŷŵԣʽΪŷŵһԱǲ֪һΰ೤ӦƸĿǻŷŻܲнʮء
PS½ڵޡۡ½ڣɢҪλĴ֧֣PKȻ׶ˣиλֵܽ




091°
 

ŷŻܲ
ϵ͸һĽı飬ʵ֮ǰҲӦƸģȻˣӦƸǻŷŽֹ˾
ɼǽֹ˾ҲûӦƸϣЩա
ŷŵһ󷢲ĶǹԵĸλûڹλϴ
Ȼһȴӵơ
δ˵Ѿ˰ʼ
׼ѼѿЦŵϣǲ֪ǰ೤ĺܡһӦƸĿвĸλнʮ𲽣˵ս
ڻܲҲһ
ǫ˵ڽСûʲô⡣
೤⻹ܹʲôⰡ˵ڽƷ˸ӣԭʵ
Ʒļٵİ׼ѼѳԾĿ޲ȥƵǰһźá
Ʒ  ȫ֪ĸߵסլСҪ֪ķǼֱǲ̰  ƷķӸǽеĶ⣬һƽľ˵ﵽ˽ʮ򣬾Ҳʮҡ
ʲô
Ҳ˵ͨͨһһƽ׵ķӣҪһǧ
ĿǰĹʣǲԲȿҲҪʮʱ䣬˵ĸ߹ʻҪôʱ䣬ⷿѾǿֲ˹ˡ
ֲ׬ǮģҰҪʵҲҪȻѾˣϣԿҵ˫һƬԼգ
һȻӣ׵Уʵ̫ͼ
ĲҪѲԼĸĸıҪɣ
ĸһ㶼غӵԸԲһ㶼ͰѷһȻԼӵġ
ǵÿǽͨϰԶɣ
ѲϰĵطڽңҪ򵽽ȥ
ԭЦŵ೤ǴĽĶ󰡡ҰûôǮˣһǧķӣ۾գգһ¾ˣ
΢΢һЦ⽭Ʒķӵȷ൱Ĳסŵȷġǲ֪ǵܱͣɺչˣҸZ4ֱǸ
ǿŰ׼ѼĽĿܹڽӵһ׷ӣֱЩ˱ˡ
ȻǶͬ۴ѧҵģ˼Ҽһ׷ӵģֱӾ˦ʮʮꡣ
ֲúܶ˶оЩ
ķӣͨϰܹܵ  ԭٺһЦһ׷Ҳð˾Ű೤һƽң϶ǧġʮĳǵɼ
׾˺Ҳûʲôϵ
һԵҲЩþ֪Χ˵˵ġ
Ȼ֪׵ûǮϿȷײǮġ
һһǧķӣֱǺ蹵  нʮ+
һʮҵĳ  һ׼ֵǧķ  Ѿӵ̫˲ӵеĶϿɱ̫̫Ůˡ
ȻһЦ⻪̩ҲǼµĲҵΪвԱǿܰ۵Żݡ
⻪ŷŵĴҲ̫˰ɣһ̾˿̵ѾΪҫ۵һˡ
΢΢һЦһԵĸԭ˿ԭЦվЦһܣ೤֮ǰεʱشŮһЩҪȻѳԿ׸ңҷ㳵ϣ
Կײϡ׵Ҳû˵ҪҲ֪ϲҪ
ԭְͷתϵϣʵҲҪĶ־뷢
ҡҡͷԿҲҵϣڡڡ
ϿףҪ˵ǼʻԱϣҲ̫װˣ  ôǮߣʱװЩ˵ĻԼҲǻġ
ԿײϣҲشŮϣ⵹ЩˡԭЦһȻѲڳ⳵˾ϲɣ
ԭʲô˼üͷһɵǵĳԿ˭ϸʲôϵ
ҲǵͷǳԿףҪǲҪ˶Ҫ˰ѻ˵ô׾ûʲô˼˰ɣ
ûûҲûЦǣʾ˵Ѿزôܻصͷأ  ղЩĽУѾǸоһ˿˿ϣ
ҲһӵЦݣ  ׼ѼѵСϣǧһƭ˰˳Ƥ֮⣬ʲôҲס
ϳ׼ѼѣôϲΪҲģ˼һ治Ҫǲģ
ԭشŮ챾Ϊףһ°೤ҵһݲĹҿԸһ˰
⣿ʲô⣿ЩĿŸԭ֪һҪ˵ʲô
ԭһЦȻشŮҵˣܡ
ôˣ׿Ÿԭ
ô˵ӣôҲЩ֤߳Զٷɣ
ԭЦһԭߵء




092һźڿ
 

ԭĻһٲЩѻȸĸо
ղûгʱ˱оĳӦǸûʲôǮˡ
ȻװĵǿԵģ˸ղ˵Կ׵ʱʹˡ
Щͬѧ֮УŮʵϲϣΪЩΧת˾ǳаĳСѼһ㣡
˭ϲĸоأǸŮ˶ϲġ
΢΢̧ͷŸԭһۣ֪СǸԼʹء
ͳԶٷҲΪ˸ӣʲôطԲǳԣοڻ˼ҵķأ  ˵ǳһٷǳһķ»˼գһ۾ġ
ν˵УȻǶСϵͬѧҲҵѣԶٷȻûġ
ף㡭ҳһ£
ϲסĸʹɫ˼ҪӦˣΪһ϶ɵ˵Լͣ˵һ˵һء
ôҲû뵽һ˵;ͣҪ֪⻪̩һٷҲɣ
֪һǮģױϾģ׻Ǯɣ
ٲſڡ
Ͽһ޹ӣҲЩһ
Ȼ׹ƺǷǳʧܣԭȷľܾġ
ڿ׵ɵһ棬Ĳ̣߲ѡ
ô˰׿ĹĵĲ˵Ҳǿʵ
Ͽ׵֪̩һٷǮ͵Ļҿһ϶ҵġ
һǮһеģֲǲ֪֮ǰӮʮں˵ʵϳԶٷĲں
ǮϿûôǮ
ЩҧҧҲһᣬ˵ˡ
ЦŵҲûдôǮ

ʵҲͬѧǰˣ˭Ըڱ˵ĸǰ˰
ŵȻҽˣȻǶ˵ġʵ֪ǵ˼ԷΪҳܣȻǸļһ𣿲ҪҳܣҲһ׵飡
׳˵򸻺
ˣȼһ˿˿ϣʵ
ǿ϶İ˵꣬׿һһԵķԱԱÿˢ𣿡
ԱԭʵһҲףղڰٲڣʵһжС
ովʱ򣬷Աһ˵ĶԻһ˾׼ӵ֡
Աǰ׵ļһЩСĸо
ɵԱÿʱЩֱΪһֿ
ɫеÿΪڽ𿨡
ʱЩоԱǸĽԱǳ𾪡
ֺڽ𿨣ȫ۵ģ˵öȸߴһڡ
ʵϣֿΪԣһݺ͵λ
ӵֺڽ𿨵ˣǷǸ֣Ǹղǰ˿е𣿣  ȡܲܰĿҿһ
ԱһȻ˿֮Ǳ̬Ѿǹ̫ˡ
ʵҲ˽һֿȻǼҷǳǮɱϾǴУܶ鲢ûôĽ
ȥҿһ͸֧٣븶ٷǮӦù˰ɣ׿һ۷Աʵ
ԱС˫ֽӹźɫĿƬһԵҲ൱ĵǡ
ʵԼͲҪȻðԼѣϣ˿
˶Ҫǿģ㳿ȻҲϣԼ˿ϣܵκε˺
ѾˣһδҲҪһӣԼʡԼðٷǮ¡
ԱеĿƬȻ󷭿һ棬ϳʮ𾪵ı顣
Ϊڽ𿨵ı濴ʯǶС֣˼  ڽ𿨼ÿһŶԼɫݳֿߵԸɺֲܶͬʽ
Ա֮ǰǿʹźڽ𿨣˵Ǽܲûֽĺڽ𿨡
ʱ˵ֽĺڽʯǶ֡
û뵽ԼĿʹſֻſı󻻳ٶ֡
Ŀպá
ʱŮԱѾǾκˣǰ˾ȻٶŹϵ
ݺ͵λĺڽ𿨣ȻܹһС
ʲôͷŮԱһ㶼ҵ
׶ȶ󰡣ŵͦÿġ
Ҳſ˿ҲûмпԸоЩ档
СãĿڱѣġ
ŮԱȻһΣǱ̬Ȼ൱Ĳ
Цŵ˰ɣ




093ԩͷ
 

ŮԱϵĿȻ˵ôҲЩˡ
Ů۲ʶ񰡣ôǰλͷ൱Ĵ
ȻˣԱһֻɣǾһĿǴʲôõģ
ܴκεãĿҲҪϱƵĸ߲֪
ٲڡ
СӻǶһɵ˰֡ԭЩĵĿ
΢΢һЦԭɵƯ
׼ѼЦ˵೤СӾԲ֣ͷſİɡ
̾һǸ㲻СϣźúõӲôѡô׵Сأ
ǰ೤СӹûûûǮֱǸС갡ҿЯ䣡
ԭԼƣɵСԼһƭһ׼
ͷһɵģղСϸüŪûСӻ֪̩ļ۸ɣһĵ㣬ûʮɿڰ
ǽҲմĹôľƵ갡Ƶ۸Ӧò˰ɣ׼ѼѿЩŪɧ˵
м伸˵ٿһǳܵӡ
һЩͬѧҲǸǱɼӼŹɣʱѧУǴ˼ġ
ֻϧֻ㳿һʻȤ׼ѼһֱϣΪ⣿
ԭٺһЦ˵ûԩͷأ೤ҪС͵ĻҿʱûǮô죿
ûǮʲôϵһῴҵɫ£ʱƵ˿۵ֲң
״漴ЦȻϣ׳ˡ
ſڣԱһΰŴ򿪣  Ͽ˵ɫǺܺÿԼҪ͵Ļ൱ˬġ
ƾʲôͬѧۻᣬһͰ
ҪһֱڿĴӦĻϾԲܴӦģ˵ˣġ
СϣܻǸ޹ϰ׼ѼѳĿ㳿г䡣
㳿һ۰׼Ѽѵʲôϵ
ҵȻûʲôϵˣ׼ѼЩֺĿ׼Щʱ򰡣˾ϲء
ʱҲЩŭĶŰ׼Ѽѵ׼Ѽѣ͸㲻ˣһٷôˣúһ
㡭
׼ѼѱĲᣬȷû˵֡
ôˣҪ⣬ø㰡ϲģ˵Żҩζ
Ϊȵ˵СϣҶͬѧûбҪΪôСǮ˺ʵѵĻ֨룡
û£Ǽ׼Ȼ˵ˣǿ϶ˣ԰ɣף
ղŶӣҲǲʾҪһڷҲǻȥˣ˳Լˣ
ȻѾ̶ȣʱ˭ܹµ̨
Ǻˣ
ҲòϣԼҲѾൽҪӵˡ
ʱһ߸ϵŮ񣬱ԷôӦ֡
ֻȻͬѧڻϿˡ
ԼѧԼһѧðԼѾ൱Ļˣڻ˼ΪԼƷѡ
Լж̫ܣ  ԭЦһشŮȻĻǿҪ˰
£
Щʹ˵ڵѪ
΢΢ЦȻʱǻҪӣǾǳˣ
ŷԱ΢΢һЦԱ
ڵ𣿡
ԱǸղſ׺ڿǸԱĻ̬ȿ²ôˡ
ͷĺƶǮһƿ
Ŀǰĺۼǧ˰ٰʮˣԱЩϲĿҪǿĵĻҲɵġ
ͬѧǣҪҪһƿ΢΢һЦĸԭ೤İ
ǺãһƿŷԱ˵
㡭ɫѿ˼㣬ⴿǴ棬ҲǴԼˣ
Сϣû£ҸղŶ˵ˣ֨ǮҲ֪һʱ᲻ܻͷˣҪ׵ɾ  ϸҪŭЦһ㣡
Щŭ˭Ҳó˿൱Ĳá
΢΢һЦԱڻеĻҲͬѧǳһҪġ
õģԱЩĿ
ǵзûˣеĻһ˸һֻ
еģ
Ҳһһݰɡ
õ
ţ㡢ǽһݰɣʱô࣬Ŷˣę́Ҳһ䡭ֺĵš
õԵȣΪȥŲףԱɱһˡ
ϻоԼ˺ݺݵһ޴йֱ˵ԩͷĸо̫ˡ




094ܲˣĸ
 

ٲ԰ڣҲЩأ
Ȼ͸ԭ˵϶ЦݣЦݵı͸һ䡣
㷨Ļһûиһʮס
һƿƾͽڼһę́ҡ
ˮʹﵽʮ򣬸ղǵзд2888һֻ
һһֻĻңһȻἴǲʮ򣬹ҲԶˡ
׵Ȼߣʮ򣬶ڵ˵㲻ʲôǮ
Ц˻ԼܣȻԼٷûǮԴ˿̵൱ĵȻ
̫ˣ
Ҳܲôֵͬѧʮʲô  һĹҲʮ򲻵һٷͳĹʡ
ǼҵļҾҲ̫ãȻʮĳܷΧ֮ڣ⻨ǮҲôİɣ
ʮȫԼһˣھΪӳԶٷ
᲻ã᲻ã˷ѡ
Сϣʲô˼ֻǵ˳Ը΢΢Ц
ϼȻĵҪԼȥĲٸӡ
ʲô׵ģһοôȥװԩͷ  ô˵
һɣжˣֱ̫ˡ
һԵȻѾˣǾôΰɣ
ףƾʲôҪǳϿ׵ЩһҵҲ𲽽׶ΣҪʽʱٷǲˡ
ܣղѾ˵ˣȱǮҿԽʮ˵ҲǸʲôĿ
ʱѾԼˣ˽Ǯˡ
ʮһٵķԼʵҲԲ𣬽ѾЩһ̩Էˡ
Ҫ֪ƽʱһٷҲһǧǮң⻪̩һԪϡ
һҪϵĻĲܵط
Ͳʮ򣬵ǻʮԶٷκһ˵ǲ̫ܵġ
׿һ೤ô׳־ǲֱӰʽ˺ˡ
Ȼ˵ˣô˼أɲɵװһƭͣʱʹɱֵʱ
Ĺĵ˵治ˡ
һԵĸԭٺһЦشŮô˵Ͳ˰ɣǺôͬѧôأ
׿һϵСϰʵҲôٷֲǮôʲô
ǮΪ˭ϿƵ˵
׺ٺһЦÿѵģãʱǮˣ
ܵѹȻ֪ܲԩͷǿЦһ⻰ȫ˵Լġ
ʵҲţôأ˰ÿãʱ򻹸㻹Ǯ
һδ򿪣  һŰɫɫӴӰٲ԰İ˽
˭
һӣҲüʵ
ǸӶЦ˼λͣϵ̩ܾ࣬ðǰ߶ţλˡﰡ
ܲã
һǰ֮Աţһ
Ȼ֪ģȻûмˣ˻ǻŷŻܲĸܲãҪҵǷ˻̩ꡣ
Ļ̩ҵһǳĺãһֱܼŵӡ
⻪ܲĸܲλãҲǼǰոġ
ոս뻪ܲôϤܲõֵġ
Ȼ֮һˣ  Ŷλϵʶң൱Ŀûа취
Ȼ˵ŻȴĶף  Ϥģ֮ǰٶQлгԷʱԱ߾λ
ֻǺһЩ飬ǰ뿪ˣ  ˵ļ൱ĲģǸٶˣȻǷǳĹע
ʶҲͲΪˣ  ʶףȴʶ൱ʱҪӴ˼ûлᡣ
ټߵ̫ͻȻкĻᶼûУһףϻ¶һ˿׾Цݡ
ܲãǸոӦƸ뻪ܲԺܲöա
һĵЦŵû뵽ྐྵȻhiߡ
϶ûκġ
Ҳ֪׵ʲôϵܹһϳԷʶİɣ  һһϵãǲ̫͵һ˰  ˿̵ȻҲǽ֮УĹϵõõĻ˵ûһνӽٶĻذ
ллܲãллܲã
˿ãſǲŹʺ˰ֱˡ
νѣȻԸԼǮܹδ쵼ֱһ񰡣  PSPK׶ˣ¸һͽˣֵǶֹ֧л




095ܣˣ
 

׾ôıݣͻȻֵ࣬Щ֡
ʶеĳ˵ĻһǼôܺúõĳǵĸǰأ
з
ǰһԲܺúõĳߵġ
ȻʼתԼӦʶԼġ
ǵߵǰ棬ȻǰҪ֡
һֺֻգЩ˵ܣһʱߵЩæҶûлʶһ£̫Ǹˣ
Ϊ֮һ
̬һЩľҪ֪ղ̬ȣԴ׵ķ氡  ǰ׵ʲôˣôֵأ  ֻǵһЦһΪ¡
̵ܣ˰ԷôҲ֪ͨһСš
վԱߵǸԱ̵ܲá
ӲˣʲôõĶҶ֪֪ʱֱӻҵϣ
ֵ˵ôȫڷűְ
ǰǻٶѣҪ֪ŵĻ³ɾͻٶôһӡ
ǻٶǾδŵһ֣ĺ˻ٶƨԺǾ͵ĺδ³ƨ
ô㷹Ǯڻ£нǳģôСǮ  װڰֵ˰ɣܣǺ񲢲ɣ
ѽܣⲻһܹ̩ԷǾǷҰ
һСɵˣ˵¿ȥȻЩ䣬ȴо쳣
Ҳòʶ˺ܻˡ
ʵһٷҲ֪Լں˼ôȫǸԼӡ
ڽƮĲһ
е˾һߣҾһɣʵ˵ľ
׿˿һԵϵŮͬѧԷȻʢ飬ֻȴ֮˰
λԭַ˰ʧʧЦŵԼĶͳһŽɫĿƬݸϼַˣμҲûʲô͸һǻ̩ʯ𿨣Цɣ
ʰɣ
Щ֪ڵ׷ʲô飬ղΪٷǮ
ת˲֮䣬ٷȻҪǮˣ
⻹˼ҾƵԳӴף׵̬ȣ϶׸ǳ𾪺ͺ档
һﵽʲô˰̩ܾȻôϹϾӣ  ʵϣڳ֮⣬ϺһͬѧѾɵˡ
һԵǲ̧ͷףʱĸǰ˵ԼһЩõĻ
ĻԼոճɹϻŷŻܲвְλˡ
⻹ҪģһŷŴ˵ĻԺְҵ滮ϣûʲôϷˡ
ֲɵӣ Ȼ֪Ҫԣں޲ʧ˵ǰźá
ȻôܾôأǸӵ˻
̵ʵԭҵģһ¿жʮⵥȨַ֪˿㶫ôҲĳһĻɣ
һⵥʮ򣿣
ϳ׵׵ȦˣȻⲢֽ𣬿ɻ̩Էסһ
Ҳ˵ԺÿԳڻ̩꣬ǮҲòˡ
࿴ϳԾӣҲЩо֣λܵŮѻΪһ¶ʮԾ
Щֻ֪׵Ůˣǲ͵ں
ˣǻٶ϶Ϳˣ  һС˼ܡַˣǲҪչһЦ
׿˿ϵȻһƬ⣬С°ɣ
ллܣллַˡ
һ״ӦˣǱ϶ģڳ쳣
ǰ׼ѼѺ͸ԭˣԭΪĴȱȽϵĴ֡
û뵽ĴȾȻϵˣȥᣬûʲôǮһȻͷôĴ
Ȼǻ֪׵ݵʲôǴ̬ȾͿԿóǰһݾԲ͵ġ
ЩĽӹʯ𿨣׼һỹףϾ˼ҵĶ
Ҫúõһﵽ˭ôôߵĵطȻôţ棿
װڰֵܹæҾͲ߳Էˣһε˼ϵܻʱ򣬵ʱһԸ
⡭ЩĻŭţЩͷ˵ллܣллܣʱ԰ţ԰ţҾͲ߶Ÿλˡ
˵꣬ȥС˸оһĻ
ԶȥӰڵձޱȵĹ죡
ԭţˣʱһֻ˳һ㣬ҲǴ൱εЦݡ
ƺЩЦɸȴЦ




096νͬѧ
 

ˣߵʱ㣡
˵ܹʶٶѣӦǾҪõѣ˵ֱϵ¸ڱ  һ¶ʮĿʯ𿨣˵ֱСһ
˵ʵͻٶĺڽȣֱֿ͸һ㡣
ٶȻܹԼĺڽ𿨸ˣ˵ڻٶеĵλһ㡣
˹ϵܹߣвĵĵ  ŷŵǿȻĺܣĿǰԼǻ̩꽭ĸ˶ѡ
˵ǻܲĸܲãǺȣҲǸСආ
ϵͬѧȫߣ֮ǰĸһ˲·ͳͳǡ
ףȥӣû뵽Ȼӵ˾˵
ԭٷһףȴĲᡣ
ءϡ
ɫ൱ѿѾûκε˼ˡ
ǰŮѾҵһΪɽԼʱڲ֪ôĻľ֮ˡ
Цһ
ҡҴˣԺҾԲɧһ¡˵仰ʱҲڵѪ
ʲô취أ˹֪֮Ȼɻûʧȥǡ
һԵİ׼Ѽ̵ϣղǾǿЦû뵽ܵͷôܼЦˣǺǡ
ԭҲǰǰܲҪ֣ǰͬѧôЦͿϰˡʵһٱǰ೤Ҫ͵ģٸЦܲҪϰ
Сû⣬Ȼû⣡
ô˵ȷǳֵĿǵϵӣʵҪǺ˹ȥĻĻѿ
ϾϵͬѧԼҪĿǰϽһ鷳
鷳ѾˣҲνˡ
û뵽׾Ȼô˵һʱҲЩ֪ǸҪȻ߰ɣ
УǾ߰ɣ׳
ԭһϺҪߣҲһҪľ鲻ŵĻʱ³Կ˾ˡ
ǰɣԭЦ
ϲδˣһòᣬҪڵĻҪԴˡ
ȻҲ֪׵˭˼Ұô鷳ܹĴм  Ϻǰ棬һƱﻹʲôԷ
֪Լ飬ȻҪ̬ȷźˡ
ȫԸоĳһ仰ͿԼӻŷŹ
һﾹȻʶٶʲô  ܿ죬Ǿһ¥
֪׵Ļ˻ôĵԼ  Լӣȫ˼׵ӣЩССĵ⡣
ӵ׵ĵ绰Ѿǰѳ˴ſڣҪ顣
شŮܣߣ߰
ԭһǲҪĵ䷶ӱԸҲһѧġ
ŸԭЩ׸ƵӣʵҲ߲ѡ
Ȼܴˣ˵Щ˲еĹͶѡ
ĳͣ׺ϵĸǰ׺ʿĸϿ˳ţﳤȥ  ͺֺХҲʿˮ  һ֮ˣڳȻһЩоģһ۱㿴ļֵ
ղǻ׵ĸǰһ׽Ʒһǧ򣬿ת֮˼һɱ
ֳܹˣҲ˼ҵǶôǮˡ
֪ԼⱲǿ϶ܸϵ˼ˣ϶ǻġ
Ȼʲôûȴ·һֻİ˽ŵһ㡣
ϰ࣬û뵽һﾹȻôţ
ԭ׺֮ҲһڻЩ£ֻ˼Ҳƽ϶ѣһ׵ĸƽϵĻ¾Ͳˣ
ɫѿ˼㣬ڿǶˣ  һԵİ׼ѼѵϸղʲôôûмΪ˿϶ǿüĺء
˵׼Ѽѣ˼ǵ͵ԭӵĿһ۰׼ѼѣȻ⳵㶼ʶͺգ͸ղһҲء
򣿣׼Ѽ죬ЩһС
ƣһǰνӸҸһΣ׳գ⳵·Ҫһǧء
ʲôһǧ򣿡
׼ѼѺ͸ԭסˣһЩͬѧһǧĳѾķΧˡ
һٷ˳ԵǾ񶼿ˣ  Ҫ֪ǰǻͬѧԺǲһˡ
ԴͷԼĳͷҲصߵˡ




097»ױƷЧ
 

ϣ  ϵĻֱͨͨղŵһĻⱲӶоЩ
Ȼͬ۴ѧĴŮôأǮ˵
Ǯ˵ûļʶһ￴ȥûʲôӴ֮ȴһʵ̫ˡ
ԽǸľˣԼԽˡ
ʲôˣ
Ϊʲô֮󣬼ûܹռϷأ  ֮ǰǸթСˣǸҲǻͷʧܸоһãȻ
ף㵽ʲôˣ
ϱҪǸʲôģʳ֮ȴԼʴˡ
ЦЦ˵ԱžͲ
Ϲ˵ʲôֻðһ¡ɫһ죬ǼҵǸʲôİ
ǼңҰ趼ũ˵ܸʲô֮ǰСѡ˵ĻûдСⶼûء
ϾʹɣղǸʲôܵĻӦúġ
ʼҪ˵ĻһĿԸһ£ʶǼŵٶػɺˡ
ֲأ˼ǿڼٶӰЩȻ˵ô˿̬ȾͲһءˣ㣡
˼ҸģֲǸҵģ㻹ҸʲôЦŵ
ﰡ˼Ҫǿϣôܸأ̵
ЦŵǸҵҿ϶ҪҪȻˣ
ɵһ¿Ѷʮأ˵˾ˣһ˼ȥˣôأ
ҡҡͷȻмֵĶ϶ˡ
׵£һԺأ˵ˣߵĿǸƵҲǮ˵ٸһǶһ𣿡
˵˰ɣҪײҪǵġЩ˵
˵ԱҰôæ㲻˵лҲˣİɣЦеĿϵ
ϺһΪԺʱ׼ôҲ̫˰
иԱ仰ҾͷˣЦʵѧȻ˵ԸҲһֱѧУɣ  ֲþѵȻ൱Ŀˣ  Ͽ˿׵ѧУҿһˣˣǸŷŵٶǲǾǸϺֵĻ˼
һûйעȷǽл˼
׶ڻ˼Ҳû̫˽⣬ʶ֮оСЩܵ˵һɽ֮ˡ
ʶһεľʵҲʶ˼ģֻǻ˼ʶѡ
׻ƣʶ˼˿Ҳرöࡣ
˭˼ܹӵǧڼʲأʲôĸ  Ҳ˵˼ҴڼʲôҲһۻҪǿ̫̫ˡ
Ƶ˵ԱʵҪǽһطǡɱǸʲôܿĻҲ˵ġ
û뵽㾹Ȼʶôţˣϵɴ۾ס
û˵ţһǺҸ磿
УûĿһ׵˼ʮˣẰ磿˵ʶһЩţ˵磬Ҳţ
ʼԱŲŸҺҲûжĹϵɣ
㡭
һʱЩᣬһ˵̫ˡ
׸Ҫ˵ɿӿڴֻѾһ绰Ҳ̽
ָ磬˼
˼ڵ绰ͷ̬൱Ĳ֮ǰƽƽȣڵ൱Ŀ
Цŵнˣ
棬̫˰˼Щ˵֮ǰʱ򻹲ãҾͰκ˺Ϻϵ˵һ飬ǿһ£ôţ
˵ǲӽˮˣԼĶ֪ܲ˵ġ
û˵һﻹЩԴ¿˵ĸоԼĶ֪ܲûǲ
ʵ˵ѹ֪ⶫЧһĺˡ
ֻΪһʹõˣǿ϶ǲĹЧġ
˼˵ָ磬׸簡ⶫֱҩ豾кԵβƣ˲죬βƺһȫûˡ
ô򵥣׸о̫񰡣βûˣ⹦ЧȷҲе̫ˡ
Ҫ֪һ˼õĳƷҲ൱ˡ
ȻˣϾΪϡ͵ԭһʱ䲻õĻ϶ǻָġ
Ҫ˿¶ĻǾͲˡ
˼ֹǵûˣϵļĻ˵ֱ˶ʮ갡
Сأʵ
˼ٺһЦ쵽ǽ߶ֲĸ߼Աʱҵȥ




098¶Ļ
 

׹绰֮Ͽ£Ҳû̫߶š
صѧУûлѧУ컪˼Ҫȥ㳿
㳿
㳿Щһֱ֮УԽ˿Խ֮
ھѨλ֮İ֮ǰǲͬնˡ
㳿һֱǱоţ㳿ƺкܶ춼ûпˣҲЦ
ʦôˣ
㳿׵ͻȻû̫ľȣ׸ӵء
׿˿㳿㳿ѾǶһЩ˽˰
㳿ЦŵʦЩо֣ҵĸһֱоһůůƺоԽԽˡ
Ҫϰʱ䣬ʱ֪ů֮ˡЦ
֪㳿˵ůʲôǴ˵е  ֻ㳿ո̤磬ʵҲǸˣ˵ո̤쾳ڡ
οЩⲢûʲôֵĵط
Լ̳ĴеĻԼڷ׳Ҳû̫
㳿ͷʦⱾĺ棬ҸоԼһѧһ㡣ԽǿȥԽԼǳС
㳿ҽһΪ˿ ڶҲҪ㻻ڽ˸ӣѧϰĻҲӦŪһõĻ𣿡
׽Ϊ˽㳿ȥݵģ㳿ӣʺ㳿
㳿Ҳ൱ʹĴӦˣ˺ܿ˽ݵı֮С
㳿Цŵǲһ
ҸɩӾסߣҲʶˣӦûɣЦʵ
ͽɶ㳿ҲʵҲϣܹ׽һЩʲôĶҲʡ
ʵ֮ǰĲʲô֮Ѿİ׵Լʦˡ
һ׵ĸı㳿׵Ŀ
㳿֪ɽϹĻᱻ߻ذɣ
ַԬСݽҲȽϵ磬׺㳿߽ʱĸһ
硢ɩӡ
׿ԼĸɩӣҲЦԼ磬Ȼмӡ
Сף˰Ǿѵ𣿡ַҲЦ
Լ򹤣˳Լֵܣû뵽ԼֵܾȻôгϢˡ
С򵽴һֱǼеٮٮߣѧϰ涼൱ġ
ڶȡĳɼַҲûʲôо̫׵ĵط
ϾļʶôĿ㣬ԬСݾӪƤ˵Ҫңжң
̹ҲþѵǺǣ㳿ӦʶİɣЦʵ
㳿ҲǺܹɵǺãҽ㳿
ﳤ濡ǺǣСף㲻̸˰ɣַЦʵ
ַʼ磬ͽܣԺס߰ɣ㳿ȥ¥Ҹ䣬ĸʾסĸ
㳿ͷȻĻϲĹȥԼķˡ
¥¿  磬ҵ֪𣿡׵ɫһ֮ǰ֣һһ㡣
ַͷ軹öΪˣû뵽㾹ȻһܵˡûµʱҲһ
֪˾ͺã׼ʱ磬ô׿˿ַʵ
ַһ׵СףһֱҶ֮ǰ׷ʲô鰡
磬ԺлĻһĸģڻûе˵ʱ򡣲ģκ鶼ǺϷĲΥĵġ
Ҳֻ˵ôˣ˵̫ԵûбҪ
ַ˵ԼһЩܹôأ
ַ̾һСףиҸ˵һ£һδ绰ȥַƵĻ¶ˣ
Ļ¶ˣ΢΢üʵԼԸ
Ҳ֪Ҹо鲻ô򵥵ġҸ˵ˣΪǮĻȲҪӦ˼ңַ
׳Ϊʲô飬ֻҪǶϲˣǶУ
ʱǹڣұ绰ûʱȥڼȻȥˣǵȵ˵
ַȻǴ磬֪ԼĹǡ
һԵԬСݣ磬ҪҪһȥ
Цŵǿ϶Ҫȥİ磬ôģһλȥȰɩӵĻ°ˣڶ飬Ȼȥ˵ڶ֪ʲôء
УһлǵȻȥ˵ɣҲǴµˣ
ַһᣬ͸ȥϢˣ㳿ʰԼķ䡣
ԼĻ¶ˣܸоЩԾΪʲôԾһʱҲŪҲֻеȻȥ˵ˡ
׻ȥҲûмˣ




099𾪵Ļ
 

ʸ߶ֲ  Ҹ߶ֲģʩơװΪȫһҸ߶ֲ
ռﵽһǧĶ  Ҫ֪ڽִĵطһǧĶʲôĸ  Ȼ߶ֲڽǽ
߶ֲһҾֲô򵥣ĻԱǱ鲼ȫ
߶Ϊ˵Ĺ˶֮һĿǰײϲ
ҪڽҸ߶ֲΪԱǼΪ׵һ顣
ÿȣҹģĸ߶ֲᶨھٰԱա
ֻҪĻԱԲμӾֲٰĺɶԺһϵеĻ
˼ĸһרɻӾĿľΪϿˮϿ顣
裬ɾȫ˰
˼ʵҲ֪ôӪǱϾһױƷͲôá
˵ˣݺ͵λֻʺһԿš
Цŵ˼ѵⶫ̫ˣ
裬㶼˵ϰٱ˰˼ҲЩƣⶫȻܺãҲס߶  ѾЩԼﷳĲˡ
ÿŮ˵ԣ  ͵ŮˣʵǶյĿԶԶҪܶˡ
񣬻˵»ʮĹâܲأ
һβû˼˵ԼȻҲҪȥЩνĺùǱҫҫˡ
Щ˵˵СڳӲǰɣ߶ͲԸˣ
裬֪Ҳ˼˼ʼ
չһЦҲǲ˼ȼǸѵʱŪƿǸõģʲôŵġ
𣡡
˼Ц֮ǰûа˵Ļһ£Ѿȫıˡ
ڼ⻯ױƷЧ֪һ޵̻ڳء
ԶԶԣϻ˵ǸҵҪõĻʺҪʲôطʺҸоЧѾ൱ľ˰
Ц绨ڼֺܺõģǾɱܶ˰
ҪվЩ൱ŮǰǼֱͲһʱˡ
ڳڣ˵ʵȻ˼Ҫȣ
ŮΪüݣ
ϣԼΪõһչʾ˵ǰ
ֻ֪ı仯ذɣ˼Цʵ
ߣʲôʱĹҰҲ˾
˵Ĳмһˣɻ˼óԼǳϣԼϰܹԼӵġ
ֻԼϰڹһλҪǿԼı仯ĻǵʱҪ۾һˡ
˼Цŵ裬Ҳ֪䷽Ūģֻ׼
ܲܰ˼ҵĹɷ̵
ɷݣ裬˼ɵɵ˼Цһ˵ǹɷˣ˼ܹĹɷݣѾĶˡ
ҲǣĻױƷǿ׬ǮҲЩź˵
˼裬һûи˵ײױƷ䷽ҸҪںϺϡ
ôˣ
һϺϣҲɫ
˼ЦһϺڶ׵̬൱𾴣һҽνǻ٢ȵϺϵĲκõġ
ʲô׶󰡣
һʼû̫飬ԼҪһˣȻôţ
˼һһСأ
ʲô𾪵Ŀ˿ԼĶӣŴ˼㲻迪ĵİɣ
裬ʲôʱп𣿷һǺģ
˼Ҳǲòһˣƺϵķ棬ֱǻΪ棡  ָ֣ʲôûеĻҲǻұҪصĶ
˭ܹ֤ԼⱲӾͽòˣ
û˸ұ֤Ҳûܹ֤˼Ҳ֪ԺҪ׵黹ܶܶࡣ
ټһ׽ҪʮڵĹɷݣĻױƷ˾ֱǰװǮ
ʮڣ˵ھٷ֮ʮĹɷݣ˼оԼԥ
ǱгҪץסĻľ͸׳ղˡ
Упվͼ׵ʲôͷ˿˿Լʵ
˼ҡҡͷԸֱˬϢҵǲô˽⣬һѧ
֪ˣȻܹκúϺϣǾӦεˡǮͲҪƽˣ
˿˿ԼĶӣʵҲڽ˼һҪεס
ʵ˼л˼ԼΪ˴ķʽÿ鶼ǻĿԵĻĳΪ׵ѡ
ЩԶΪһЩõĸ벻Ľ
˺ͻ˼˳˽˽߶ֲĴš




100·Ĺ
 

ˬˣ  ʸ߶ֲſ洦ɼĶۻңһѵĵط
ſڵӭŶǿŮһŸ߶ֲķΣȥ
˼ͻ˵ĵһСɧ
ǻ˵ĳ֣Щоʮֵľ棬Ϊǵһεֲˡ
ǰܶ˶Ǽģɽʵ̫ʶĿˣǷ·صʱһģ̾Ϊֹ
ʡģ  ͻ˼һĸ  ܿ죬ڽӴͬ˽ʸ߶ֲڲһ۹⳵ǽ͵ָĵص㡣
ӳǼųεӣ˸ʽĸͺơϡ
ȺǱţ˺ͻ˼ĵܶ˶ǳǵͷ
˵ĵ˵Ŀ⣬ʸŵǰˣ˼Լĸ׵ĸ첲
ˣˣǹʶĿ˶˰
һӴߵߣȥͻ˷ǳϤЩط϶һŻԱӦһӴġ
ǰȥ쳣ȵˣ˵ȴܻӭϻˡ
ȻѾЦ绨ЦŵǺǣлл
ˡƷˡ׷ǵܾˣҪҪڹȥǸӴʵ
ŶǼѾˣ˼ȹȥɣ˸Ŷ  ˼ЦУһȥ
˳˵˵ķ򻺻˹ȥ
߶ֲڲһϢҡ
ѮŮǱ̸ʲôȻǿȥһ൱ŮҪ΢ôһЩ
µĺۼѾǵϣǿЩӺͲ̫ƣҪøķΡ
Ůһ飬ĵƾǻױƷš˵Ļ⡣
ҲΨЩܹ֧ǰԵģ
ݹ˽ԭ죬ɿ˵ʱסˡ
֮󣬼ѾΧ  קŻ˵ֵѽѽˣ˷ϻͯҩˮ˻զΣ
ǰˣûû뵽㾹Ȼ˲٣Ѳֻ˵ڶˣ׷ҲһʵĿŻˡ
һԵĻƷ˵ˣһ̾˵ˣ㡭ǰɣ
Ůһ̨Ϸ
ȻûŮߴߴǺܿ챻ջشӸסˡ
Ц΢΢һЦллλõĿŶ
ˣİڿȥ͸ʮһôİ˼еʵ
ЦŵʵҲ֪Ҳ˸ӵĻױƷû뵽ȻЧ
ӵĻױƷƷ˶ˣ˼ֵˣܸܲ͸͸뵽ʲôӵĻױƷ
Ҳ֪Щӵ˵
͵Ů˶ˣں޲ðѻ˵ĸǳõʲô  ֱ̫ˣ
ˣû˼˰ɣǼôʱ䣬û뵽к㾹Ȼǣߡ
׷һ˦һɫ˻ˣ˵ ôֻҪ˵ױƷ־ˡ
ʼ˵λǲ֪ױƷҶӴҵģ˼ǰɣ
ǵģ
˼һȵ˵Ů˷ӣҲѪȡ
һԭΪǿʣԴԼĸϿˮϿ֮˶ˡ
Ȼˣƺ˺ϺϵĲ֮ƺڤڤѾһָо
о֤ʵ֮˶һּȿܵ״̬
˼˵˵㣬ôõˣҲǼƽʱǿǱ׶Ӷ׵İ
Ʒ˼λƷ˵ĻҲһĶ񺮡
ҲǷ곡Ϸѣ⼸λǿɶǰڼϵġ
ựһƵĻױƷû´ãû뵽ЧȻôĺá
˼Цʵľˡ
Ʒ̵ʲôѣܸܲưҲŪһ㰡͵㡭
һԵ˵ҲҪ Ǯ⣡
ҲҪжҪ٣׷Ҳըһĳ
ڵĻ˼Ѿ⼸˵ˣһһǣ⼸󸾵ġ
һԵ˼㿴̶ôżˣҪȻŪ㣿
裬֮ǰõЩȷһˡ˼ЩΪѵ˵ǼѾǼĶѻ˼ҡҡǮˡ
˼ʵ׶ǮƷЩ˵
˼ĬһᣬȻλҪĻҲûа취ġʵѾ׼ˡ
ǡܲȸһðһ
˼ЩΪѣһԵĻ˵˼ǲǻмƿҪȻ
⡭
˼ȷǺΪѣ۸񶼲֪ôأ




101¹Ҳ
 

˼Ǯ㿪ۣ
Ʒ˵һ˵ôõĶǮǶԸİ
Щ˵ǮǸֶѡ
ܹǵջصʮĻóһڿ£ĳ󸾿Ҳһüͷġ
˼ʼλ̣ҲǣⶫȷѸĸ׵ġļ۸Ĳ֪Ҫն˵Ļ㿴
оѹΣԺǿ϶ǳڿͻ𣿡һν˵
һױƷѣٹܹʲôطȥأ  ˼ʵԭҪ׹ģΪԼĸſģ߶ˡ
Ҳ׼״绰ˣ̵ɣѹһ£Ͼ˼ҵġ⼴תҲҪ˵ͬⲻ𣿡
Ͻİɣ˼
̵˵ֻҪܹѶõ֣ĸǵĿǷΧ֮ڡ
˼Ҳóֻͨ˵绰˿̵ڽݵı̨ϸ㳿Ų衣
˻˼磬Ҳǽ
仰֮ױ㳿ооһĳ̶֮ᷢĲͬġ
ʦѾоɹ𣿡㳿ҲЩƵʵ
ЦŵоĲˣԺ֪ˡ߻е飬ȱʲôĻԼ
֪ʦ˵飡㳿Щ˼˵
׿˿㳿ʲô˵£
ҲкóһʱûлȥˣϼҴ£ûȥúõоһΣ
㳿ڶ׵̬ȣǻľͽܶԴʦ֡
ЦŵУȥɣҲе绰ϵҲ㲻ǣ
ллʦ
㳿¶һ˿ĵЦݣԼƴҲкܳһʱˣҲûȥТһ¸ĸˡ
׺㳿ݽ֮󣬲δݳȥ֮һѾ˾뽭ʸ߶ֲԶĵط
ԭ˲ƶյĻǲ̫Ѿǳ׵ӦĴС
˲ƶڵ˵ֱСһ  һƧĵط˳׿Ÿ߶ֲſڵЩ˿ĴŵԵЩᡣ
ֲſڣ  ׸Ҫ绰׼˼ʱſӭһ˧Ѿǰ
ãǲμǻԱۻǸ˧絹ҲǷǳĿ
΢΢ҡͷǣ˵ģ
лԱ𣿡Ǹ˧ӴͬǱеЦݡ
Ϊ֪治˭ǸʲôģֻҪطˣ϶ǿԵġ
ûУ
ҡҡͷǻ˼һʱģһ黹ǲס
绰Լһ
ǶԲˣʱܽȥĺĻԱʶĻ绰һΣ
˧ӴҲʱ˵ЦôĲá
ù
һ׵˭Ҳõġ
ת˿ŮˣȥʮͷĻ𱬡ޱȣ൱ʱУһͷĺ췢Ůӵĸʮ㡣
ʲôûŮŮӵһۣʾϽ
ЦһŮ㲻Ů棡
˵һ䣡ǻˣȻ˸Ҹһٻ
Ůһٻʵ߶ֲ϶֪
һٻҵĴС㣡  ǲٿ˵һ壬ϼž˵ǰңڵһ˵Ҳͷϴ󼶱ġ
ԣǺܶǮƵҲһĴС㡣
һٻ֮ô裬ԲǼǮôļӵҪļźڵı
һǮļҵϼţµʱ˼ˡ
С㡭
Ǹ˧ӴһС̣ҲǿЦһӭȥ
һٻӴֱǰһŵ˵ķôСӣղŵĻѾɹļŭҡ
ô
Цһ׻ܱһŮĸס˲ɣ  ٴıأһһһ˫ôļ򵥡
ôŲҴȣ
һٻ׾Ȼһ㶼Χô˿ţСأ
ˣҵĴС㣬ϽǸˡ
һŶЩţôһܣһٻӵˡ
ǸǸõĻҪӸʲôҪôҴһȣҪôһȣ
˵꣬һٻԼĳ澹Ȼóһȥ͵ĺܡ
׵УĸоֻпЦ֣֪ôģ




102¶˻ĥ
 

һųܵŮˣһҪˡ
ȥЩޱȵĳ棬ȴеķ˸ߴϵĵط
һٻԭͲǺܺãҪҸ˷йй˸߶ֲǡ׵ŵ·
ʵһĹϵûУҪ鷳ʱ򣬲Ҫܾܹܵ˵ġ
һһᷢ顣
һʱ䣬ſڵЩš
׿ǰһٻŮӣгԼҪ۸˭۸˭
ȴʲôʡ͵ĵƣôһŮ۸  Ȼǲܵ飡
ײδŮˣĹڳ֮£һŮˣ
ֻҪŮ˲ֵ̫ĻȻҲֵ̫ġ
ͳֻ׼˼绰ɾʱüͷһε

һХ֮׵Ķǰڿвķ
Сġ
Ǹ˧ӴһһٻĹѾǳ׵ͷֱȥҲʶĺһ¡
أ
δףǱĸ첲
ܿ죬˱㷢һٻеǸȻ˿
˶ٵľܹЧҪһ׵ͷϵĻ²ҲǸзˡ

ŭŮӵĴѾˣֱӾͳԴҹͨ˵Ļ˭֪ˡ
һٻҲû뵽⿴һȻһˣԼеİȻˡ
Ҳһȫû뵽Ȼһ
һʼĴǳļ򵥣Ǿֱʹһһ٣ǳ飬ʱ򻹲һ绰ͽˣ  ǰž൱Ĳˬټ֮ǰһĲᣬ嶯ľٶʵҲġ
һٻСǱ֣ûܵκεĴۡ
ڣȴһˡ
׵ɫ˼㣬ĳһٻķ˹ȥŮʵ̫֪ôˡ
㡭ʲôһٻסţ˿Ľ쳣
׸˵ٶȲϵļӿ죬ܿһٻĸǰ
ΧΧ۵ԽԽ࣬ûһ˸ǰֹס
ʵܶҲҪ׵Ҫʲô  һٻû˸ǲҲвʵͦ쳣Ůˡ
ಣ
׵ŵڵһ㣬ֱһһٻĲϡ
˶һĻˣһٻʲôݣһﾹȻô˵ŮĲӣ  ⲻʲôղ׾ô˵ĻĲʲô顣
һĻĳ֣úܶΧۿֵһ¶˷
һǿҵĴС㰡
ɲܻ֪Сݰɣ
Ҫ֪ĻĻĺܲҰ
ôСӣǲʶôҵҶ
˷ܵġб۵ģǶǿֲ´
ٿһٻ
Ϣ  ˿̵ɫЩҰףѾǽı׵ָ
ֻֽץ׵󣬲ҲסߴףƺҪ׷
Сӣ
һٻоϢľʱȴһֱӴӻͳһذף׵Ĳϡ
һ£
ԭֵЩˣˣʵǾޱȡ
ЩǿֻǿԵģðΣȥֵĻǾǲܵġ
ײδתһٻЦǸ
ſãСӣŲһŪ㣿
һ壬һٻĸ磬Ҫ֪ļбʵǷеذҲЯ  ˵һ飬Ǹ
׵·һЩһٻĽ˵ϣȴδ뿪Ĳӡ
һĸõͱԼĻľһˡ
һٻɴ۾ףĿг˲š
ԼĸõһȻȻԼǸ
⵽ʲô˰ѲľͲ  ſ
һҲЩһǲӰԼõһû뵽һﾹȻһҲ£  룡
Цһһֻͻһץһõϡ
ܿ죬һ͸оһĳʹ  
װɿʱһĵѾϣ˿̵һ֣סĲš
ԡԲ𡭡
һٻɵˣû뵽ԼĸŵȻ˸Ʒˡ
оԼǸĻпܱǰ˸ɱˡ
Ǹˣˣˣ
һ˵ģղϢҲû֮ǰǸ첻µزµҴСķ緶ˡ
ȻͬһԱ񣬶ͬһ˵ϣҪǴȥ¶ûš




103ɰƽ
 

Ŀ࣡  ˵ıĸԱ˶Լ۾
Ҫ֪۾˿һһٻ
ڽҪ˵𣿲˵ڽȫ˵Ҳ൱ţˡ
ڽû˸Ҹҵðݣ  ֮ͥ£һﾹȻһСŪǱ
һóһѵջûκεô
һĻȴһĻţ  Сá
һ忴ԼСþȻһǸŭһ׼ס
׿һٻѾǸҲ̫׼˵绰˼
û뵽ǰõ׼ͱԼļһﾹȻģ
ղõԼѾ൱ĲˬˣڿһһεȻٸκεĻᡣ
һһֱ׵ĺ󱳣δܹ˵ܴ裬֮˾ȻһСǸ
ǵô˵棬Ժҵأ
кâһתһĽѾǼԼ壬һ
һû뵽׵ķӦٶȾȻôĿ죬ȵһȻܹȥˡ
ֻûüӦʱһߣһֱһӱ׵һŪ˦ȥ֮Զ
䣡  һʹһܽӴصˤ˵ϣͷѵɼ
⻹ĽΪײֵ̫ĻһѾǱһȥˡ
һ˯ѣһԵһٻŴˣĿԶĸ磬ѾЩˡ
Цһ۸˵ʱҲ۸ô죿ߣ
˵꣬绰˻˼  ˼һˣܿ˳ΧôˣҵϻһһٻҲü
ָ磬ô£
˼ͻȻ֣ԭЩϡͿˣһӻȻ
Ҫ֪˼ǶҪָ磬һͷ൱Ĵ󰡡
ʼ۵ļһѣûˣǽȥɣ
˼ͷȻײе˽ȥһʱеĿⶼ׵ϡ
ûжԶ˼ΧѾûʲôˣָ磬ôҵ˷ͻˣ
ⲻ
ױ߱ߺͻ˼飬һԵĻ˼üͷһȻû뵽龹Ȼġ
ҵҲ̫˰ɣȻҶָ磿
Ҫ֪׵ĵλѾͬնˣ̸ģǺ϶׵ĿأԸˡ
ڽȻţҲңΪҵıҲžġ
ͬˣҪĺ׹ȥĻֻҪһ绰ϣҵʱɾǳԲ˶ˡ
ʼǺǣƾҲҪңҪʶȤĻǾˣ򣬵ʱֻܱ֤ù˿϶ҡ
仰ƽƽ֮ȴɢһǿš
˼ҲݸһЦָ磬ǻȽȥɣڵأ
ţ߰ɣ׵ͷ
˼߱˵ļҲҪǸױƷҲ֪۸񵽵ôŪǴ㺰һģһĵˣ
Сӣһ绰ءЦĻױƷƵĻʺϵС
֪֮ǰֻ˵ʯļ۸1888Ķ㶼ûж˼ЩƵ˵
΢΢һЦȻˣԾͰ۸ɡ
Ҳûȷأ˼ЩƵĿ׵
΢΢ҡͷиŵ뷨ֻûгء
ǻûнȥҪȻоо˼ʵ
׿˿˼ʺĶӦöڶٺʣ
ҰЧôã϶̫˰Ҿɣ㿴أ
˼ҲЩ׵˼Ͼⶫ׵ĳģλʵҪһЩ
ѹ͹ĻⶫʮǮС
򣿣ЩЦЦĿ˿˼漴ЦЦ٣һҲһҲ򣡣
ȻָˣҾ˵˵ҵλɣҾЧôڵĻױƷٵʮңҲѵġǲ֪ɱ
˼ǰԼλ˵ˣʮʵࡣ
ɱɱԺԲƣЦŵ
Ҫ˵ɱĻǳɱɴȥˣֻ¶ɽ֮˵ֵǮɣǼֵǡ
Ҫ˵ֵǮɣڻǲֵǮ
˵¶߻вأһξͿԶʮˮǿԵģ˵ǿԺԲˡ
Ǹðʱ򼸺Ǵ׬ģ˼ٺһЦ
׿˿˼λʮ򣬲ʺҵжۿɱ߶ˣҵĳһٰʮ򣡣




104ۻױƷ
 

һٰʮ򣿡
˼ЩĿף۸ֱ˵Щˡ
һױƷѣȫĻױƷҲĸ߼۰ɣ  οⲻλڶĻʺ죬λһĵأ  ۸Ҫٲܹסأ
ЦŻ˼˹ȥ
˺ˡƷ˻а׷ĸ˾Ǳ졣
˻֮⣬Ȼûκε˼ʲô죬ľǸʲôױƷ
ܿ죬˼Ϣڣ˿Щһͷˮ
˼⡭˵Ǹѣ
˵滹ǲ̫ǰһﾹȻƳʻױƷǸˡ
ɻ˵ʻİǰҲˡ
˼΢΢һЦ֣صĸλ̽һ£ҵĺֵܼһҽף
áЦеĿףһԵĻƷҲЦŵû뵽ᾹȻѾһ֣尡
ЦŵλˣԺС⻹ö̸λ
˵ﻰ֪õĻױƷǱ߻û˰
׷֮ǰû˵һ˵˵ҪĶˡ
Цŵλ˵ҸոƳĻױƷױƷĿǰ׶ΣȥЧǲġ˵ʱûС
Ŀǰû飬ҹδҲΪ˼˾Ͳͣɣ  ˵ˣѹҲȱǮҲżһʱġ
ղѾʹ˼ˣǱûһЩǵ˼ǿܲ˵
һԵĻƷҲǵǰǰղŻѾͬˣֻ˼˵۸Ŀǰûնǲǣ
ЦŵȻѾ͸ˣȻǻ˵Ķ벻ҪҰɣ
˼ЦŵҲǲģⶫˣ϶Ҫи۸İɣüλҪҿԾͰѼ۸ɣ
׷˵ͷ˵ʵǮ˵ҲǸֶѡ
˵ǰǮУĻױƷǱϡ䱦һ㡣ǾҲма
Ʒ̴ǰ͸ʹ컰ɣҲиǣ
ǰǰ⼸ԺɶƷ߰ҪȻҿͰĿеļ۸˵Σ
Цŵ۸뷨ˣҵĻױƷߵĸ߶·߰ɣƽҲ𡣡
˵ױƷһΪ嵵𣿡Цʵ
׵ͷţһΪ嵵Ҹ˵ĿǰƷĵڶҶΪʺ졣嵵ֱΪ𡢻ʺ졢ۡϺͱʯ
ֻ׷ʯӦ͵Ǹ˰ɣ֪ⱦʯۼǶٰ
ʯۼΪ1800
˵һʯ׼ߵƽ·ߣȻ1800ƺܹ
ֻҪЧôܶණʡȥˣȻ˭ϲأ  1800ϿһŮðҵʱ䣬ʲô  ʱ䣬һŮ˵ڻױƷ滨ǧǮʵûʲôġ
1800۸ǲŶ׷Цŵ
ʺ쵽׶Ǯ
ҲЦʵЩֲȱǮٹֻҪЧõĻҲǻԥĳֵġ
ԥһµʺΪЧۼҲǱȽϵĸ߰ۼΪһٰʮ򡣡
һٰʮ򣿡ҲһǳǮ۸ʱҲЩ𾪡
ЦŵÿһƷеͶȻҲи߶ˡʯۼΪ1800ϵۼΪ18000۵ۼΪ180000ʺۼΪ1800000ڵ𡭡
ۼ۲18000000ɣ׷һҲһһƿױƷۼ۾Ȼﵽ˽ǧ
ʲô  رǮģһ˻  ƽ񻯺͸߶˻֮Ĳʵ̫ˣһɽĸо
ۼ۾һǧ˰򣡣
Ϊŵ˵ֻҪЧǶǮ¶ġ
˵ˣɽ֮ôýǮأ  û뵽ᣬǲСƷΪ̾˵
Ǽ˶֪ˣ¶᳢һ𵽵ʲôЧġ
һԵĻҲǰզ࣬ȻǶرǮ֣۸ҲǾ൱ķ
ǧ򣬽һƿױƷѣ  ЧﵽһĻҲ׳ֵġ
һжһˣǶȻԥĳ֣ΪЧѾǵ
һЦҪ֪ԼĶӿŰٷ֮ʮĹɷݣ򲻾͵Լ׬Ǯ




105˷ܵĻ˼
 

Ůһ̨Ϸ
׵ļ۸񱨳ȥûж೤ʱ䣬ܿ˵һ˶һ׵Ͽ顣
⹤ûпѾ˽ǧ⣬û˼Ҳһ˷ܡ
ǿʼԭĸ߶ֲԱۻᣬѾݱһϻױƷᡣ
˲Ŀʼţ˵úܶ˶ȻĶ
𶩹˲࣬һҲǶ˶ʮף  Ƕ˻ʺ죬ʺĶȻﵽ˰֮ࡣ
ڶ  ̶̵һСʱڣڵĶѾʳ¯ˣֻǸ˶ѡ
˼ţȹ˽죬кܶ˻ŷ
νʵûκεܣܶ˶ֲںǮںӵˡ
οⶫЧѣ˲ԿҲϵǣ
Ӹ߶ֲʱ˻˼ͻ˵ĳȥ
ȵһһٻ˴˸ϹʱѾʧӰˡ
ָ磬ȫʤ
˼͸һ˷֮ɫڵĶ˵Ҳ൱ˡ
ҽһĹ򣬾ʵͻƣֱúˡ
ϿͿˮг൱ĹǿԤģ  ӴгֱӾѹһģЩɶֽ˵ֱǮĻҪ졣
ⲻǿʼѣԺͽȫȨˡҲ֪˱Ƚϵɢ
ôһ˵û˼һ
ǣ൱ĴİһôԼ
һԼҪǽĻǼʮһӾܹĨƽˡ
˼׵²װɣǴɶ˵Ļ
ô㻹ܿҲɣЦŷʵ
һԵĻҲЦǶΣͬһεҲǶһο鲻𣿡
ҲЦŵͷ˵ûⷽɱоˣҲ飬ʱҸǮͺˡĽӪʱͿ
˼ƲƲ˦ƹ˦Ҳ̫˰ɣ
׹ЦЦŵɣµǻһQУѽΣ
˼ҲЦ˵ָ磬ƷӦÿԴһνĹģ桭
ȵQھɣȿһʱķӦŶӦԶԶֹڵİɣЦŵ
˵ͷֻҪкõĲƷͲûҡȵ˾ǣһ᲻ģŰٶȵĻʮڵĶӦòڻ¡Ȼˣ˵Ǹ߶˵ģеͶ˵ġ
裬еͶ˵ĵʱ϶гһˣôܹԳأ˼Цŵ
׵µQм
Уȥﰡ˼Цʵ
ѧУʼھѵء
ЩĿʵѧ
Щ˼ĵͷǵģ̣
ǲ˰Ҳǲס̾ӣǳԺ֣Ժϣܹһ¡
˵Цˣ˼һɽˣҲҵ飬Ǻϵ̸ϰġ
˵ҲǺò
˳һ֮˻˼ĳ˵ǮǮٲû̫Ӱ졣
ҲΪʲô˷ĵİ齻˼һԭľҲԲܷġ
˵Ҫǳ׵İĴиˡ
⣬ҲҪһ˵ʶʲôˡ
Ǹʲô鰡ʲôģҲ֪⵽Ǹʲô֯
ȥƺأ֪ȣν鲻ĵͶ֯ѡ
ͬ۴ѧ  ׻ʱѾǰʱ֣ϻױƷӰѾĿʼɢ
Ҫ˶ãͻΪܶ˲෹̸ʡ
ڱӪӪΪõһַʽܶʱҲΪֱЧһַʽ
606ᣡ
۵ųص˫ԼĴϣһǺߺġ
ѧľѵҲ൱ѣѾھѵڼʵѧ
ʲ
ںܶѧʵѧľѵҲһߵĻᡣ
࣬ȴ൱бҪ
ָ磬
ſҲбۿ˭ԼᣬͻȻҲЦ
ָ磬ˬ˭ҪҲμӾѵҸͷҲа־˳Ƶ˵
ЦŵʺãԲþѵ
ҲЦǰһû뵽ָʾȻôĺãһǸ̹ٶɵˣһ仰˵ǽ
ӦӦ
׸ջص᲻ãǼ¥һ⣬ԽԽ˶Щһͷˮ
ʲô˲ɣ
һһԵַ־˳Ҳٶȼķɱ˴ߣ濴˹ȥ




106ף
 

ڵһŮᣬϺǵᲢš
ڴѧᣬԵĻᷢһЩ顣
ڴʱŮ¥£һ顣
һڴұؾĵ·ǰ棬õڳһĵģܶŮһѾǼ
ͼǰ棬վһһŮŮӿȥһͷΰ͹һλŮ
ͬ۴ѧԲŮȻ˿ǸŮһľѵɴıӰǾŮġ
ָ磬ָ磬ˣ
һ˷ܵĿǱ߷飬Ȼ֮ͬҪ΢ĳһЩ
˵һѧҲѧеѪͼ顣
񿴵˻Ѫ׷һŮҲǼ
˼׷Ůˣ߼ɶбҲȥ׷£
׶Щ鵹ǲôȤͷ˶ȥˣһ֮ˡ
ԸʹȻɣⷽ滹΢ԵһЩľګġ
Ȼˣ˵ӦɧеˣҲϲŮ
һ׶ΣӴŮ˼˹ɫһҲԭʼĳ嶯
ȴһ㣬ȻԼŮͦ࣬ڻǹһЩơ
ۺٺһЦָ磬ʹˣŮ˵˰ɲ֪׷Ů˵ʱ򣬿ɱţƶˡ
˵ۣͲҪţ˺ðɣ־˳мĿ۵㵹Ǹ˵˵զ׷Ů˵ģ
ַҲǺٺһЦǰ㵹Ǹǽ㵱Ӣ¼
һø˵
ҲûŮѣײ
ȥ
һӷԼЩҲתͷ˵ȥǾһ¶˰
ףָǲǰǸǸ˭š
־˳ſ˴ǰ濴˿濴ʱǸŮͷб˹
Ůһʺİ̺ϦӳԵøҫۡ
־˳ĲǱˣ֮ǰԷĪ̡
ĪѧУܿΪˣһʹһħúܶ˶µĸо
׸ղʵҲӦĪ̵ĴڣֻǺ£ϾڵĪ˵аĻһͷš
֣ҲΪʵһָơ
˭˭
۸ոմӴǱ߻ͷһ־˳ĻһεĻص˴Ͽ
Ị̄ԣ
־˳Ī̵֣Ϊӡʵ̫ˡ
ַҲǴȥ˿Ǹе˭
ԲۣôԶܿ尡ҪĪ
־˳˴ֿڣҪĪĿӣѹҲ֪˵˭
˿̣ŮſڣѾɽ˺ܶ˶ǰ֡
ѧ˵ҲǸѣѪ嶯飡  飬ܶ˶ֻʼ
ڽĪ˵Լû뵽Լᱻ˿ϡ
СΪԼӣһֱʹ֮У˵׷ˣܹۿһۣǶĪˡ
Ī̵һֱǵСųܶһԶԶġ
Ա̬һֱڣҲǹѧ
Ȼû뵽ǣԼѧûж೤ʱʱ򣬾Ȼ˻׷Լ
ǸôĶһһ㣬ֱԼ۾
ĵļ֪ˣ
κһŮжһõΣһֱǡ
ϣһܹһӳԼĸǰʻԼ顣
ȻˣЩҲֻǻ룬Ī֪ԼⱲǲ̫ˡ
̣ӿһҾϲˣһᣬһúõػġ
һһ˶õ廨ϥأƺȴĪ̵Ļش
һ̣Ī˶ˣȻ֪һеô£
һ㣬ȫǿȷŵģǾǰȥ˧ޱȵ׷Լ
ӦӦ
һǳͷβĻȻǰŮȥЩֱӡ
ɰþڴˣܶ˿صĲǶԷòǿ˶Էĳһ㣬Ȼ˰֮С
㡭˭
Ī˵Щ֪ͣԼʼǸŮŮӦñ֡
Ͼǵһα׷һʱЩ޾ִٵĸо
ڰ飬κ˶ֿοǰкȥ˧ޱȣټǵصõ幥ƣһѧôֵܵأ  ̣ҽǮҲһһ
ǮһϵĿỊ̄һ˿ϸ۲죬Ҳᷢ֡
˿̵۳򿴹ǮӣһɲõԤС




107޳
 

Ŷ  ֳ˶Ǹ壬ǴЩѧǣҲû뵽һãȻľٶ
Ǯһϵ  Ϊ˧˿˵ľٶҲЩ۾
Ⱥ֮У  ˧Ǯôõٵɣ
ֹ򣿾˵Щõ嶼ǿ˹ģҲ֪ļٵİ
Ůĳôû뵽ȻôõҪöð
ǣ㿴ϿŶ˸оЩģ˧ôͿأ
˿˵˶֣˼ô˧׷ȻװҪ
ܶ۷׷ףЩмʵģĽģвмġ
ǶǾǮ˻˼׷Īֱ̼ǲ
Ǹ˵ȴſֵ̬Դ飬ϾڴѧֿԿ⻹˱ȽϵĿĵġ
ǮǺ񲢲ʶɣĪ̵ѾߺһƬ
ǮʿվȻãã˺֮УܹҾһԵ֣̣ϣܹһᣬұ㣡
ҡ
Ī٣˶оһѪŵĸо
Ǯ¶һ˿˵ЦݵҵʻǾ͵ǽҡ
˵꣬ԼеʻݸỊ̄Īԥ˺һᣬǽӹԼеʻ
ӹʻһ̣Ǯ¶һ˿Цݣ  Ըķ䣡
Ⱥ֮У߳һһзӣǴǰ˵ͿԿóǮ
Ǯʱ˻ϾˣǮٺһЦȻ˺ˣɢ˰ɣѧУŵģղһĿλɢ˰ɣ
У
˱һӵԭΪʲô顣
û뵽ȻѧУŵıݣһֳԿϵĸо
Ī̵ˮӶڲסĲţǮ˵һ仰ʱ֪ԼֻǱ˶Զĵһѡ
衢
Ī̵Уеõ廨Ѿɢһء
Ǯ㡭
Ī̵ѾָǰȥЩˣû뵽˳ô˧ȴôġ
˵Ị̄ǶԲ𰡣Ƿ˵У˵ܹ׷ĻʮǮ
Ǯƺ֪Ī̻ʲô˺Щں˵
㡭쵰
ĪĻоԼ綼ˡ
ôҲû뵽ľȻ˵նίĶڵϱͷʹޡ
⣿ΪĴ˧ܹ㣿ҲվԼʲô
Ǹһװ˵һĵĿĪ̡
ǮƺЩⲻȥ˿һԵӵ׷㣬߰ɣ
׷Цһʲô⣡
˸Ҫȥ֮ʣ״۵ߡ
̣
׵гһ˿飬ĶһֻֽĪڼϡ
˿̵ŭ죬һôܹ˵޳ȥ˺һѾŮ
ǵѲ
Īԭû뵽Ȼ˴֮ͥıԼܵҪƿ
̧ͷǰ׵ʱһסˣ  
ĪһСһ㣬ͷĻУˮֱµٲһ㣬ġ
ԲۣСӸվס
ײδ˵һԵѾǳǮͰ׷ķ˹ÿҲ֪ʲôˡ
ǣ˺ˣ
׷ƺһ㺦µļûУԼĶͳһ̣ĵ
ǰɣʶ㣡
ǮȻʶ׵ģһһͬ۴ѧʱ͸Լĸ綥׹
ǮĸǮ壬ǶսӵĴӳҲһξѵĽ̹١
˼ۺ죡  һҸԼĸ綥ţԼҲһﳢһǡ
ۿ˿׵ָ磬ʶһ
ʶ
׵һƬ䣬һﵽ˭һξԲһġ
ղŵô£ĸ۸ǰͬѧЩݺݵĿǮʵ
һëǮϵ
ǮЦһɲвԼ˭۸ǵʱԼϸһҲܲˡ
˲֪Ǯ嵽Ǹʲôģ׵ܻ֪ܵ
սӣǿǾеļ⵶Щѧſ¶ȶµģν
Բۣ
ǰǻһţͲǸʲô꣬ʱ򿴵ôǰ˵ļһﾹȻԼһȥѾǿˡ
һȥǮ˷ɳȥԶصˤˮϡ
ʹԼĶӣղ۵һʹ
һǸ׷Ҳһû뵽ǰ⼸˾Ȼ˵־Ͷˡ




108¹µǸϼܣ
 

㡭Ҵң
Ǯʹ¶֮ɫôҲû뵽ǰһﾹȻҶִԼ
۳ǰһץŰ׷㣬Ȼӽô£˵Ӵ趼ʶŲţ
ҡҡ
׷ŵɫɷףղһɵѾʧȡ֮һĺȻ
İĪ̷Ȼ̣£
УĪǾԼˣҪ֪еţԺԼһս
ֻײûкĪĽӴѣʱڲ顣
೤
Ī̵У׻İ೤ʱ׵ĳָ
Ĳ֪Ӧôźˣ˵裬΢һ㣬¶Ѱٻˡ
ҪĪһֱܱ˵䳰ȷĻ鶼ġ
ߵ˰׷ĸǰ¶һ˿ЦľѾ֪ˣµǸ
µǸΣ
ǮһֱĸоôҲ룬ղôĪ̵أ
һѾܵ˺ŮˣΪѩϼ˪һ㣡  ٣𣿡
΢΢һЦֱһѽǰǮק˹Ȼĺֱһţ
ͨ
ǮʹĹ˫ϥص˵ϣʹ
೤ѧУᴦġ
ĪѾȴ˸ղŵ飬ڴ֮ͥǮԼĸǰ鲻붼ִġ
һԵۺһĪͬѧž۸㣬ͲյϢˣ
ָ磬һϹƣһҿΨ²ңղĪͬѧ˵ĲҪǳ¶˵Ļ¡
־˳Щùˣſ˹¸һŮǸ⵽ʱѧУҪ׷Ļ»ܲҵġ
ǱϾѧģֲµģʱѧУĸһУ쿴ʲôĴֵĻԺӰɲһĴ󰡡
ַ־˳ͬ뷨ЩΡΡ˵ָ磬Ҿ־˳˵е
׿˿־˳ַ־˳ַ
ָ硭
Ѿǲװ೤ǺָˣԿóǻ׵Լϴ֡
վѧǲǣ޹ңǳҲû¡
ȻҲˣȻˣȻĹǰһ
ڰǣҲûҪ
Цһث֣ǲԸæ͹һȥҸָ
ۣʲô˼־˳ߵ˵
׳ˣ־˳ַվһȥۣǲһЩҲÿǿǵĸܣ
ָ磬ǡ
ƵĿףʱҲû뵽׾Ȼһ˵˿̵ڼȵĿ֮С
ʱԭɢȥȺֽΧһδƽһ˸оЩõľһ㡣
ղǮ׵һ۷׷ףǶû뵽֮ǰʽճ
û뵽ȻµֿԿˣ  ǮĪ̵ĸǰĪ̵ĸǰվżΪ׵ǸȻ֮ǰͽ̹Ƕţס
ǮǰɣڵǸҿԼ̣ϾǶͬѧ
׻ǿסԼں޲һźã
׽׽Ĺأܲܿʲôˬȥɣ  ˵ˣһҲﲻֻʵ̫Ķѡ
ףðҷˣҪȻ͵ùˣ
ǮҲвףֻǴһ˵Ļ»ûʲô顣
Ǯһ  ѵϸĻʱܲѧǸδ֪ء
ĸùģǮлף  ǰǮһȭȻݺݵ˵ڻô˵Ҳˣ۸Ů˻ˣ
۸˭ˣֻǸĪ̸׶ѣʲôǮ˵
ҪֻǸĪ̸ףǻûдʹ㲻˺!!׳
Ǯɴ۾׵Ҿ˺иϵ˭
΢΢ҡͷһﻹ޿ɾҩ龹ȻһĻڸ֮ⶼûС
Īһ׵ӣȻ֮ˮ
ûһ̣һΪԼͷһֱڼȲ飬ƺ׵ĵҲİ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôҪԼȴĪ̵˲ĥĺۼ
ʱǷ㣬·ͨʳõıؾ֮·
㣡
ܶ಻֪ʲô˶ѾΧǱָָ㡣
ģѧۼܿϱߵע⣬һ׶Ǿѵڼ䣬еĹ϶ǽִ̹У  ǮѶ֮ҲǴ̵˸ϵط
ѧŹҲɫѿ˵ǾԲ̡ܹ
PSϼܣϣλֵһ֧ɢģɢڴ˰лλ




109»ӵǮ
 

Ī̵ĸǰǮͰ׷˱׺˵ϡ
ǮĶͷѾѪȥΪˡ
ⲻǸһССĽѵѣµĻǰξˡ
ס֣
ǮʨӺһĴ˵ĶС
һʼΪͨͬѧܣžԵľġ
ڸղ׼ʱȴԼ׵ܵǮȻ˵ϣҶͷѾǳѪˡ
ŭ죡
ǮɫһӾվԱߵļ̹ٶЩĸо
̹ˣ̹ˡ
Щѵ˶ǰĽ̹һĪĳݺͼɵ
Ȼˣɵ֮һЩϾǻҪ˼ҵѵһʱء
ܿ죬ȺѾóһ·˿̵ǮԼĸ޳ˡ
͸ղ⼸ӵʱ棬оԼܵ裡  硭
Ǯһʧʹ׸ղųּأƾҪѶѲˡ
ЩСǽĹӸ磬ɽȴʵʵڵĳһʲô
һˣڴ֮ͥ¿˳֪Ȼʲô˵ίˡ
Ī̿ǮˣҲŵЩֱ㣡  ˵һµСѣղװͷǺů
֮ͿʼˣΪ׺۸ûκֵ˼Ҳ³¡

Ǯķŭдϵģ˭ó
֪ǮǮ׵ܵܣ֪˲ȣ֮һ
׾ȻץԼϴ׵ܹܵڵϣҲ㣡Ͻ˸ˡ
ҸղѾ˵ˣǸȻԷţ׳
ǸƾʲôǸ
ǮԼĸˣľƢˣ֪Լǿ˰Ͱ׷Ӷˡ
һҪ˳  ʲôǸǮŭʵ
Ǯ磬ǡƽ޹ʵľʹˣΪ׷ǰһŮ
Ϊ׷һŮǾʹˣǮȻʶỊ̄ԭѵľࡣ
ĪŮȻ֪ƽʱηηӴľګ
Ǯ忴һЩ覴֮⣬ûκε⡣
û뵽Լ׵ܵܣȻ׷Ī̡
磬ģûƭ㣡Ǯŭ˵㿴ǰҴʲô˰
ף
Ǯһο׵ʱгŭ𣬶˵֮ǰĳûбء
û뵽һﾹȻһεܹԼ£һزʲôҪһʶʶսӵ
׿˿ǮЦһû뵽Ǯ̹پȻĵܵܣ
ҵܵôҲֲѵǮ
Ĳֻˣ˵һ㶼ò

Ǯ˿̾ƢٺãһѧԼţҲ޹ˡ
ټһﾹȻԼĵܵܣôܹʵȥһأ  ˵˶ˣҲǵһҲһڻúõվء
ЦһǮ̹ٻһˡ
׵ľ׼Լɣ˵˻̡
ʵ˻̲ټܶҰսӵľ٣Ƿǳϲ̵ġ
ǮҲһܻӵˣǳϸ񣬵Ƕı
˵챻ĵܵܣһͨʿҲͷġ
һٿʲôȥһˣЩʱϣЩʱ򿿵ĲǸ  ̣
ǮȻԶ֣˵ԼԶЩݡ
һεվ˳ʵжҲ൱ĲˬΪսӵЦˡ
һսСֶӵĶӳȻһͨѧ
Ȼ̵֪ܲԽҰܹǳǿǱϾľڱἰ̵Ҳ൱ܲ˵ġ
У
ֱһǮ循һбŷŨŨս⡣
ʲô۲м˵
ǣв
ǮȻʶģһһ֪࣬һĵϸ
һͷ治Сֲ֮ǰҸԼԭȻǶҵˡ
ǵĲҪѧȴܰɣӮҲʣǻˣ
ȻЩˣҲ֪ЩǲǵģԼ϶˵Ķ֡
ˣ˾ͲҪ£ǮЦһŭһ˭˭ӣ
ˣǸҴߣ
Ǯ忴ôѧΧţҲִ󣬵ȵ˵طһܵġ
ҪҲأ
˿̵Ѿվ۵ǰ棬ôĿǮ壬·޹ϵһ㡣
⻰һ˼Ǿˣ




110Ǯ
 

̹VSѧ  ڴѧ沢ŵ¡
Ī̿ǰľЩ޾ִٵĿǮǮ̹٣೤ûйϵΪҡ
̣Ҫ˷ϻ׶ôǮ塣
һʵ̫Ըû鵽ôģѾжˡ
ߣߣ
ǮȻΨһ뷨¾ҪúõĽѵһ۸Լܵܵˡ
̵˰׺۸Χ׿ЦʲôȨߣ
ȨߣҾ㿴ҵûȨ
ǮŭһŰףҲǷŭˡ
Цһһץף׼ߣô۸  ƾ㣿
Цݽֹȡ֮һȻݡ
һקףƾôקȴܹ׶ֺ
һͲˣ
ôҲû뵽ԼȻƷһѧоЩˡ
̣ʲôأϽߣ
ǮЩͷ˵ʵ̫ôһȥˣսӵ˻κε?  ̵ץף׵һץǮ
΢΢ЦߣԣһĪ̵Ǹûţ
೤Ͻְɣ˽̹ٿɲġ
ĪнȻװоǳĸжȴӵ׵İΣ
Ҫĵ˽̹ٵĻʲôùӳأ
ڵѾǮϷˣԼˣοǮȻǮ̹ٵ׵ܵأ  µǸ
һмһ˿ŰϢǮƺЩƵĸо
ͨһ¾ȻһεĹ£Ӹо˰ĲС
Ǯɴ۾ԼܵܣȻ֪Լܵܵĸԡ
ǮڼҵʱԾʮֵǿ䣬Ҫ¹Ǹǲܵ顣
ӱ˵һ仰͹ˣǮоֵĲˡ
ףס֣
ϲ֪ʲôʱѾǸϵߣ֮ǰ˵Ůǰףұ׵ĶȻԼĪ̡
ҲǸоͦģɺ˵߷ʲôͻ֪пܳˡ
õϢ֮Ҵҵĸϵߣȴһ̹ץף׵ȴץһѧ
ظԱ
Ǯû뵽ľȻô죬Ҫ֪Ȼǽ̹٣׵˱Ͼϰϵѧ
Ǯ̹٣⵽ô£üͷǮʵ
ǮΪѧȻھѵڼ䵱ڶŹΪѵڼ̹ܽ٣ȻҪдˡ
ڶŹף⵽ô£
ϲԵ޹ʵĴܶŹ϶Ǵźܶ⡣
һԵ۳ԱСӣȻ۸ǰŮˣҪѧУŪ
ۣô˵أô£˵
ɫ۵ĻоԲô򵥵ġ
۵˵棬ԭԭ˳ǮͰ׷ΪһδģĪ̵顣
Īһεı˽ҿ˰̣ۿʪʱϷŭˣ  Ǯ̹٣׵̫ܵˣһŭǮ壬һôһŮͬѧ˸Щֳƽʱ͸ܵ

Ǯû뵽ԼĵܾܵȻɳ֮£֮ǰû˽
ҪǴߣǿԣҲߣԱˣҲԲҵѧܵ˲Ĵ⣬ҪϱѧУܵܵΪҪǿǴ𣡣
ظԱҡǵǲ֪׷ʲô顣Ǯʱɫѿ˼㣬Ҳŭ˼㡣
˵֮Ѿ籩ŭʨһߵǮĸǰ
硭ҡǮʿˮ֪Լĸˡ
飡  ǮǱߵĺܣ˴ҲˣֱԼĸˡ

ǮǰֱӾһţķŭκ˶ó
磬Ҵˣ
ǮŵøϽģȻ֪ԼˣʵڵҲǺڲ
ôкҩأ
ǮֱǰһţȻˣϾԼ׵ֻܵзִġ
һЩƤ֮ѣԲ˽ǵġ
ӿȥˣ  Ǯ˽Ӳűϸʱ׵ɫ΢ĺÿһ㡣
ظԱ𣿡Ǯϣ⵹Щ̫˼ˡ
ʼǮ̹١
ظԱҵܵܵˣһΥѧУļɣұҪ󣡣ߡ
Ǯ˵ֱ꣬Ӵǵ뿪ߣʣǱЩɵĿǰһС
ʱҲûа취˵Щʲôˣ˼ҶԼ׵ܸܵˣʱҲ޻˵ˡ




111¶ѵӪ
 

׺۱һϳʹУţŽǰ
ȻҪֹǮֱӰԼĵܵǮˣЩ޻˵
ֻû뵽ǣǮ徹Ȼ׺˴ѧУ
սѵӪ
սפһȽصĵططǽZJʡĵطθӡɽïܡ
ͬ۴ѧطȻҲȥ˽Сʱʱ䡣
ԭǮ岻Ҫ󶯸ɸ꣬һεƲѣһССѧŴսǶսӵȨ
һʶʶǵĻǵδأ  ׺ĺţŵλѾǱˣκ
ָ磬⡭ҪʲôЩǣһ϶ǰǴѧУ
ЦЦܴʲôطȥܹôһﶼǱߵģѲǻɱǲɣ
Ҳǰָ磡
뵽Ҳһ֮ǰѾ˸ֵĿԣɿ˵ĵҲǰˡ
׵֮֮һ᲻ܷʲô飬㶼Ҫͷˡ
ָ磬ۻû¹˭
۴ֵ˵ʵͦ׵ģһѧȻҸ̹ôţΪԼû˸ҡ
ȴңƺˡ
۲֪׵֪׾ǵ֮
׵úǰĵ㲻𣿡
ָô죿ۼеʵʼƾǲô
˾Ǳһûһ죬Ӻܿͣ
³ʱ򣬿ΧȫǾɫԲӪȻӦǲӵפء

̴˳ţ׺˳
ۿ̵̹٣ʲô˼ǲǸܶŹڰǴ𣿡
ߣڲڲ˵ģЦһǿͷԵġ
ǷǷн۽˵
һԵ۵һ㣬Ҳô
ǣСӣ㻹Ϊûа취ǲǣҸǣǶѵӪǾǵĩա
̵ӲӹʱҲΪⶾѵӪûʲô
ɵЩħѵ֮ŷһ൱Ĳпᡣ
ǮһΰǴǿĿ֮£ȻҲʲô̫顣
ǮҪ׵Ļǰ취̫̫ˡ
˭һͬ۴ѧѵ̹ܽأ
ʵһ̹ܽٻûôȨսӵĴӳʲô  ھУǮĵλҲ൱ĸߵģӽĻƲıǮĹϵ֪ˡ
׿˿̵ʲôѵӪйϵ𣿡
ǴӳΪʣܹӦǶսӣҪܲͨǶѵӪĿˣ
΢΢ЦⲻǮҵͷΪľ׺һ֪֪ǵ
ֻһοѡˣ
̣˭һ˹ƺȥ̺Ϥ
ЦЦͬ۴ѧѧ
ѧǰѧѵӪʲôΥɵİЩȵʵ
ΥɣҸ㣬һƴӳ
̲мЦЦʵ滹ͦһģȻҺǴӳа塣
˿̣ΪͬĿ˿׺۵һɲˣ
Ŀ⿴Щֱ򺮲һɲ̫õԤӿͷ
˼Ҳ㲻㣬ɶԸֶζȥˣһô˼һ˶أ
ο˿ȥͨľˣ  ׿˿̵Ϊһˣ۸ͨϰʲô£˵ˣܲҲ򲻹ֻܹ˶۸ˡ
һֱ쭣ԭΪ̫ס
Ͼ׽磬ܶ鶼Ҫ׽Ĺ첻
ǳʲôݺͺϵıȻܺýġ
ȻˣʱҲȥ鷳ϵġ
ûɣСô񣿡ף֪СΪʲôˡ
ɫһ죬ҲܲȻ˵ľ
طôӲǮ岻֪ʲôʱӺ˹׵ĻûЦҶ˰ɣСӿǶսӵĶԱǣ˵Ҳ򲻹
սӣ
һ⼸ֵʱҲһսӺһĵطǿǲһˡ
ڼһսӵĵӾرĶ࣬սӵĶԱڱ˵ǻ϶ȫְܸ
ӳСӻ治һĿдд裡
ǰǮܶսӵĶԱҲʼۼ
ǮЦһ룬Ͳ֪ϹԸⲻԸˡ




112һȭ֮
 

ѵӪ
ǮԴӽ齨ս֮һֱŶսӴӳְ
һ׸˴ʵϾҪ֪ߵغļһһЩɫ
ղ̸׵ĶԻǮһֱڶУ˶̣һﾹȻôš
Ѳʲôıɣ
ǮĹ׵ĵĸĸͨͨũѡ
ʲôı  ȻˣǮҲԲҪŪ׻߸ʲôһԼ̫ţҪһʶʶԼ
һ㣬ҲҪһ㣬Ǿ׵ͦʺǶսӵġ
Сӵǿǵеˣọ̃Ȼ¡
һøҲ൱ĻǼֱΪһϰ
׿һǮ壬֪һҪΪԼ
ẦֳҪôԼ֣ҪȻ֮ưס
׿˿һԵĶЦһ㣿񣡣
㡭
û뵽СӾȻҸԼô˵սӣ˭ûе㱾ºͼɣ  óαװ͸񶷣Ȼˣ񶷵ĳɼҲֻܹǿŽǰʮѡ
ĸҲ൱һ˻治ǰڡ
Ȼһѧ˵񣬿֪ڶ֮ˡ
žžž
ǮȻЩСӵˡ
˭أ
ܹܶԺ󲻻κε鷳
Ǯƺױ֤ʲô仰һ㶼Ҫʩ
׿˿Ǯ˼鷳ˣ
ǺǣôôǮЦһΪǶ̵ô۸Ĳɣ
ָ磬Щֱǻǡ
һЩˣĺʲôǰ˲ܹսʤġ
׿ȥĺܣôܴܵһֱأ  ˿̵Ϊڵ̬ȵǣһЩ鷳ʱǳԲ˶
ֱôˣϰʮ꣬ǻĲѾΪʼ̵ˡ
ϰ䣿С廹˵ϰ䣿
ǮҲһ㶣һﾹȻǸ֮ˣ
ȥĲô񣬹ֲС˵Ű裬еװ
ɾϰ֮أѲǶ֮оûоеɢ  ӳСĿɲǶ̡
̵ɫ쳣ѿû뵽˶ѵӪһﾹȻΣ
Ҳø˷ϻˣҪôǼһϣҪôͷߣĸʲô
һϣǲССӵơ
ǮҲǱһˣɫһﵽ˵滰Ǽٻ  İ˵ĻӮΣǱСӿ
ŤŤӣ˿˿һǻŭ𶼱ء
ôһСӿ𣬼ֱǶ˶Ѽˡ
̽Сôˣ
ֱӿ첽ǰһȭͳ׵źХȥһֵġ
һСӸ˵Ļǵʱ⣬ԼҲûа취
ȷǶ磬һ˿ºѵֵ
ףǿֱɱǵĵ
۽ĺܣȫǸףһ㣬ƫƫ׷ǳܡ
Ȼ֪ƢܾǿܶʱҲÿưɣ  ȫǽ̹ǵˣȻҲ֪˲ô
һӶǵĻѱǵʱ򲻻ʲôΪ
˵ˣ׾޿˵Ķ֣ܲɲŻܰ
Ҫ۱̵Ļ޲óȥײҪ嶯
˿̵׾ôĿŴĶǷһ˿Ц
ߣӳСŵöﶯˣɱ𱻶ʲô
̿ƺЩɵӣһЦ
Ǯ忴˿еľִ֪ģû£
ֻǾǸ˵仰ʱѾıܿ˶һȭͷ
ȥˣ
ǮüͷһƺЩ̫ǰһС
Сģ
Ǯ廰䣬һԵ̸ǽĺΪײ֪ʲôʱѾƵ˶
ȭͷһ㶼ȶǿ  
ŷХ׵ȭͷͶĺѾһܽӴ
ƺ̵ѣɵͷʱȴȭͷѾԼ
أ  һȭͷײжսӵ˸ǵɴ۾ŶȻһȭɳȥԶ
˲䣬ռ䶼ǼžһƬ
һȭ֮ѵӪ׵İ˼¿ʼʶȥˡ




113±̼Ǯ
 

ѵӪ
ԭЩߵҲǵɴ۾ǰһĻռһļž
˵׵Щиֲܡ
֮ǰ׽֣ԭ׼ѵһ֪ߵغСӡ
ȻСǹͬ۴ѧҵģ۳ɼЩ˱ȲҪ˵񶷣ǿɲ˭  ȻһȥСļһȻһȭֱӽǶսӵĶ̵ˡ
ⲻɵǵһ
Сô
ûпϾȻֻһغϡ
ҿδأӦ̫˰ɣ
ôܹһȭѶ̵СӵʵǿԵİ
ЩˣϲѹƣǸӿǿߣǿ߶˵ֵصġ
Ǯüͷ壬ԭҪ׺һԳԿͷģû뵽龹Ȼչһ
СһȭԼ¸̵ˣ˿̵ҲǾþƽ
̧ͷ˿Ǯ壬ЦһǮӳԵ޹ʵİҺ۴ߣ˭Ȩ
ǲμӾѵˣǾ൱ھˣȻǾҾȨ
ǮЦһСڵӲˣѲΪ˶ţˣ  һԵקקף˿׵ĳ֮ҲϽˮ
۴СҲɢģЩֱûа취ȡ
ղǿгͷһһȭͰһ̵ֱˡ
Ҳ൱˷ܣǾҪѭúǰĵ
վǰĿɲһսԱһֻսӣ׾ܴҲ̫ܴùô˰ɣ  Ȼ˵Ļֻ취ȳȥ˵ˣΨһܹȷľǮ廹ĲҰô
Ͼô˿ǮԼ뿪ͬ۴ѧҲŻŻǶѡ
ۿǮǾˣ㻹ǹܳģȻ˵ǾˣǵľأøҿҸǮ壬ڹ˽ڰҷˣҿԵʲô鶼ûз
ǣСӻǺᰡҾͲôΣ
ǮʵҲ֪ԼİһôģֻЩơ
оС֮ûʲô£һҲǳ˿ˣһôҲðǶʧȥĳӸһɣ  ʱ¶һ˿ЦݵŲһ绰͵ùԹԵ뿪
˵ͦΪǶս߾ߵĵطֱЦһҪôһ绰ʹ߳ȥġ
ǮɲаսӿǽĽҲһڵĲţ˽˾Աί˸ȨָӶ̡
ҲΪʲôǮôţһԭ򣬱ļ𲢲Ǻܸߣĵλȴ൱⡣
СҪʶ˾ԱίĻʹ绰ˣõȵڣ  һսӵĴӳᱻһСŵ
Ϊһһ仰ͷ˵ĻԺڶ̻ʲôſԣ
ָ磬ǻǲҪ˶ˣǶǵġһԵ۳
׾ʶʲôˣعٲֹܣѲʶﲻɣ
ôҲʶʲôˣоڸǮԻĽࡣ
˵绰ֱӲͨ˺ϵĵ绰Ҫ֪ǰǿλȨص
Ǯ忴װģĻĴ˸绰ҲЩ
ţСӾԲʶʲôģΪ֮ǰǮҲϸоġ
˵ʶʲôĻЩţҪ˵ʶʲôǼŵġ
һũˣܹжı
ҲǮƲũˣԼķȷûдġ
һԵ̿ǮӳСӲʶʲô쵼ɣ˽ԿѺ
ߣˣǮʵ
һЦӳⲻ²µ⣬һСҪʶʲô쵼Ļʱ쵼ǰϹ˵ô䣬
Ǯʶʲô쵼ʶѲ쵼һ֮ʲɣѧУܶŹš
Ǯĵߣһ򲽽СӾʶʲô쵼Ļôռġ
һûĴûൽʱ쵼˵ܹôأ  ˿̣һߣ
׵ĵ绰ѾͨˣǴɽׯһָڡ
ԵĸоԼƺһĺתǰǲѾˡ
ȡ֮һ֮УúϸоϲǣԼԭһ׵ͷУȻһЩɫ
ÿȥҽԺĺϣж׸ǳ𾴡
һҽ֣𾴶ѣ  ιϺ鰡
һӵ绰׸оЩȦϺ飿ϻǾɣʲô˵ʲô




114·ŭĺ
 

ϣף
ȻѾ֪׵ĵ绰׻Ǻܿ˵Լ֡
ڵ绰ͷЦԺҺϺϵģŶоˣϺ鵹Ǹовٰ
ϣô
ײδһھ˵Լ飬Ǹ˼ҳ
ЦЦԽԽðҺһ£һпյĻһԶٷΣ
ϣҿԷ˰ɣҵÿǳΣҲЦ
ʹðɶֻشٷһ롭
ƺһϻ൱ļֵģһ֮һֱڵ壬˼˴Ķ飬Ҳ뱨һ˼ҡ
ϣ̫ˡ΢΢һЦ
ЦЦ֪һδ绰ʲô£
ģϣһһϰæ׿ἰҲǲ˵
绹׽磬˼ʹϵȻ൱Ҫġ
˵ˣҲѭ׽Ĺأܹ飬ͨġ
ЩҪȻҲܰ˵ġ
ڵ绰ͷԵһ£˼Ц˵ܹΪ飬Һĳ˵Ұ
ϣ֪ڽϲʶ˰ұ˿Ѻˣ
⻰˵ЩˣʵǮ岢ĿѺֻҪһԵͷѡ
ֻಽѾǵز˵ǱǮѺҲġ
ΪߣǮ岻ߣ
˿Ѻˣô£ϳʵ
ġ
װ˵һ飬ҲûκεͼӴףһԵǮŶСӻͦġ
ǱĴӵһЩŭ˵˶Ȼ޹ʿѺһҸС绰սӵһ齨һֱǽļ⵶ӣû뵽Сô޷ˣ
Цŵ鷳ˣ
ǱߺܿĹ˵绰ǰԼĵ绰ֻǵȴˡ
Ǯ忴˿ףһ绰ʱһһϵģѲһʶʲôﲻɣ
Ҳûպʲôﰡһίպ֮⣬Ǯ廹벻˭ˡ
ӳС˵а۵ģĪʶʲôˣ
̸оЩԾΪʼСӶûκεľţͺղŶսʱ״̬ࡣ
һţһ־Եţ
ȻСӿ϶ʲôɵӣ̾СӾز¶͵ġ
ڵǮһֱ˼ڻϿĸо  񶷣һȭͱ˸̵ˡ
ˣ֪ǰСӵҵ˭
ǮоԼСˣЩתԼĪǸʲôˡ
Ǯպĸ߲㣿
еУɲǾCDίպ顣̵
ǮЦһСӻڹŪ飡
ӳҿвްɣһСʶʲô˵Ļʱǿ¡
Ȼ𲻸ߣȴ൱ϵ
ǵǹݷǳУһҪͱʲô¨ӵĻʱùĿ϶ǡ
ô˽ԿѺͬ۴ѧѧҲ˵ȥġ
˼ھͷСӣ
ǮЩɶʵҲһЩõԤУ˲ʱ̺ѻ˵ġ
Ǯĸ֮һֱǾеٮٮߣ˳ѪԵͬʱҲǷǳĹִġ
ִֹʲô붼֪Բܺ˵ġ
̿ǮӵСҸоЩаܹ˵۹
ôĻԺһộǮһүˣҲҪ
ǮﻢˣղԼ˵ģ״绰ͷˣ
ҪĻԺĲӻľʹˡ
һӲǾԲᱻģսĵط
Щ˳ݵǻǵĸ֣Բ׸֮
⡭
ʵҲ֪ǮӳԲܷСӣǸȰҪȰ
Ǯߵ׺۵ĸǰ˿׵㻹ʶ˰
׿˿ǮǮӳҪңҲûбҪѾ˼˲ǣֲϷңֲˣһɣ
ߣΪ˾ˣҶսӣ˵Ϸ㣬ǾϷ㣡
ǮҲǸ¿࣬Ҳûκε뷨Ǻ֪ߵغСӸɵˡ
׿˿Ǯ壬ͦĿ
δδ𡭡
ʱһһţСʱȥˣһĶУ




115SFɱ֯
 

Ǯ̵˻࿴һۣһʵĵ绰ûУСҵ˿»ûʲôð
ӳСӾڹŪ飬սһ
ղűһȭȥüףȻû˵ʲôǣɶһѱ˵Īĳ衣
Сôֵܵǰ棬ôܹأ  ǸղţԭΪԼ϶ܹȵСӣԼд֮£Ȼˣ
˳𲻱Ǿӣ  ڱһӵĻֻһ˵Ҫ绰ˣһֱ̲
ȻСʱʱȥˣһȥĵ绰һĶûС
Ҫҵ˽ĻҲи绰ɣ  սһСӶ˶ĻӲ𣿡
ǮҲЩԭҲΪ϶ûκε⡣
СӵϣȻһоͱ˼Ҹ̵ˣԶսӳûһΰܵôҡ
裬Եĳ裡
һͨͨѧǰСӾȻһȭˣôܹأ  ҪսôҲͬġ
ɫǺ죬һԵ̵СӾͲҪǶӳˡ
ҡ
ɫƵĺܣȵĻ档
׿˿Цŵ˾ˣΪһŵǲΪиڶεĻɣ
ӳСҲ̫˰ɣ
ԣԾԾԵĿף˭ҪǰȥһһĸС
ǮȰµ˸ҹؽգǸһͬ۴ѧ⣬ҸҲһ񣬾ʱյȷϢɱ֯SFϣ񣡣
ʲôSFϣ񣿡̵һ
SFɱ֯൱ĳһҪĶҲǵŮϣ
ԭǽӵϼҪһССͬ۴ѧһ֮С
һʼǮ˽ӵʱ򣬻Щ֮Աǵġ
ɺ˵ϣŮȻɹͻǴ¥ҳɹĳ֮
ҲһŮҵ涥Ĵڡ
ѾϢʱϡȱ˲Ǹ൱ϡȱˡ
ϣѾΪ˶սӴߵƼ˲š
ֻϣûϹѧϣԼ´ѧԼѾʮĴѧΡ
ûа취£Ż˶սǰһһѵĳ档
Ļһѧľѵôܻɳǿأ
Ϣ˸߲ȷϣ˵һA߲ί˳һαĶϣ۸񲻷Ŷ
Ǯ΢΢ЦSFɱ֯ȷ𾪡
ǿļɱ֮֯һSFҲǷУֻٹ죬Χ˵ѶʵǷǳĴ
Ҳû֪ǵܲʲôطΧ֮ҲͲ֮ˡ
̳ӳSFǳûѶȲӵǵҪۿǷǳİģ
ߣAҲ±ǮΪϣȻһ𡣡ǮҲ΢΢ҡͷֱ̫ˡ
ϣͬѧ𣿡
ԭǱĵҲһԲ
ⲻ컹ãһһԵǮɫһ䣬Լ˲Ƕ̵ˡ
ϣǾܵ񰡣
һȥͬ۴ѧΪ˾ѵʵϾΪ˱ϣ
ʱ˵ͬ۴ѧĻΪ̹ٳȻӦˡ
ǾԲܹͬ۴ѧڲɹĿֻţĻʱ߲ǳԲ˶ߵİ

ǮɫһȻҲоЩڣղԼһ˵˳ˡ
һԵ̵ӳС֪ǵ񡭡
ղôҲһ¡ǮƵĿ̵
ʼҶˣ
׿˿Ǯ˵ǮӳǵҲûκεĹϵֻҪǡ
ŷǵذǼȻ֪飬ǸӲܹˣǷģҲΪǣһֱѵǰʹǶ̵ѵӪɣ
Ǯ˿Ҳûʲô˼ڸ׺Ͼ˵ףǸĵܵǵ顣
ѹ϶SFɱ֯ˡ
Ҫϣǳʲô⣬ʱӳҲͷˡ
棡
Ǯ״۵С۵ʱ򣬴ӶѵӪܽһˣɫ൱Ļš
ʲôѲ˲ɣ
ǮڿԼʿ׺СӸǰˣЩһ
ӳ˾Աˣ
Ǹ֣̿ȻҲûϵû֪ͨ£˾ԱȻܵǵѵӪ
Ҫ֪˾Աν˾Ա֮һҲضѡ
û֪ܹͨǻǵһء




116Сӵʲôͷ
 

˾Ա
Ǻϵϲ£ʦʱһų
Ϊõ˺ϵʶڼӲһ·ҡֱϣѾǹΪ˾Ա
ΪҪǣļѾϽνǾи߲Ĵ֮һ
ԭڿһ飬;ʱȴӵ˺ϵĵ绰
һֱΪϵǷѣϾ֮ǰȥ̽ϼΣѾǲ״̬ˡ
ɽӵϵ绰ʱһϾȻʮǱ߽ѵԼ
˵ʲôƲѡ
֪ʲô飬ôͷıѵһ٣˭ҲǾ÷ǳı
֪˷ʲô顣
ԭϵһλѱսӵ˸ѺˣϵǶҿѺ
ⲻǿЦ
ҲûδĻֱųͳŶѵӪķ򼲳۶
ҲΪʲôܶ˶ĪԭΪ˾Աû˵ȥʲôط
ҲҸţһѵӪͻ
Ǯǰ˵ĽţҲ֮ˡ
ʲô˾ԱˣǮҲһȻû뵽˾Աô˾Ȼ
̵ӳǲϣ飿
˾ԱѾſˡ
ոܹһﻰδ䣬һĺܿרѾǮ˵ĸǰ
Ǯ̵ȫ嶼Уϣ
սӲѵصһֻսӣӵʱ䣬ѾǼϡ
˿жôҵӣǮһ˶վǰ棬ȴ³
ȳֱ֮ͣ˳ϵ鿴ȥЩˡ
׳ã
Ǯ忴鲢̫ãҲȿڵ
΢΢̧ͷ˿ǮҿɲãǮ尡Ǯ壬ǰɣ
׳ҡ
Ǯ岻ڻصΪʲôͻȻѣоԼҲûʲôɣ
һԵ̱Ŀ׵ķһۣойء
ǮҲǳ׵ķ˿ƺʶ˾Ա
Ҫ˵Ѿǿڵ˭

ǮЩĪĿ׵ȷУСΪʲôôˡ
Ȼʶǽ˾Աֲøղ˵קĸһ
ʲôǱ޹ʿѺϽ˴
һܣҲǳ׵ķ˿
Ϊ˾ǺϿеףΪںϺԼĶԻ֮У϶˵𾴵ĺܡ
ЩΪľӦþһͺͺϲˡ
׿ȥǸѧѣôܻǺϿеλأ
ǮǸư׵ķףϽ׳ˣ
׿˿ǮΪʲôҪȥղңֲţƾʲôģ
㡭
ǮüͷһҲ֪ʱ϶ܹˣʱ˾ԱǼǿɾͻˡ
Ҳһ㶣û뵽ϿеȻôСЦеǰȥǴˮһ
˾Աͬѧ֮䷢˵ͻҲڳѺǰɣ׿
һԵѾЩˣȻһͦţģǰλ˾ԱνǷַӾܹı
ôҲû뵽׾Ȼһ˾Ա˵˵Ͳµ  ǣѾ˵ȥˣǶԲ鷳ˣҴǸ
̬ȷǳĳϿңô˿ǺϵѰ
˾Աô
Ǯ峹׵ľˣôҲû뵽һõϽȻһСǸ
ˣҲ͹кŸ˶ѣڵǸɣ  㶮PЩŭĸоͷľͳǮ֪˭Ǻϵѣ
˭
ǮЩȵĿղžڲ²˭һֱûвµó
˵Ҳʶʵ
˭ô˭أ׵ķŭˣһִٳǶսӵĳҪûкϣΪǮӳʲô𣿼ֱ͸

Ǯ峹׵ɵˣһֱûҳȥ룬û뵽ǰСӾȻǺϵѡ
һȦˣ׵Ȧˣ  ׶Ǯ廹ûʲô̫õӡоһڹ˽
ȻˣǮǮһ٣׵Ҳûʲôӡ
ڿ˰ɣ
ҲԸطţΪĵ˿ɲֹһϵ˿ѾżĲˡ




117²
 

ˣ  ߵʱصսӵרȥ
ʱۿĨһ˿һɫʣķˡ
ԭһֱԼһݵˣڿ׵ǰֱǸ
˼һ֣˾ԱǿͿģɲʲô˶ܹġ
Ǯ忴ŶųȥϱЩء
׳⡭⵽ô°Сӡ
ǮʵƵĺܣȻ֪׵ĸ㲻һСôʶĴأ
оͲ
ʲôҲ֪һĺܣǺϵѣԼһû鷳ոɡ
׳ҡֻСһĽѵѣҲûôǮʼ֪ǵ񡣡
֪ǵʲô񣿡ʵ
ǡǱϣ񡣡
Ǯղһ׵Ĵڣֵİ˵˳
ǸҪĵ𣿡ƺôһӡ
Ǯͷһȥͬ۴ѧΪ˱ϣǸոյõȷеϢɱ֯SFѾɱϣ񡣡
ղſʱ˵飬һûüϸϸͱ绰ŪˡСǮһأôᡭ
ЩɸֵĿǮʵȻҲû뵽Ǯ徹ȻһϴѧСֵô졣
ǮЩص˵˵ʵҵǾСǸ֮ġĸ񶷼ɺ֮ܲǺܶԱҪϲ١
Сֿʼ˵𣿲Ҹ㣬ǺϵѣɲҪܹҪõġ¶һ˿Цݵ
ҾSFɱ֯˵һ
Ǯ廹ĲǷҪףֻпܳΪǱϣϰ
ֶڸǶһǾǱף

ǮƵĿողŷìܵˣɫתҲ̫һЩ
ô쵼ѣѲɱһ²𣿺ߣҸɵĺȻиҪɲõĻԼһ£
ҲûиǮκ˵Ļᣬֱϳ뿪˶ѵӪ
һԵ̿˿ȥҲ̾һⶼʲô°
Ǯ׳ִУҲ̻ͬ۴ѧʼذɣSFɱ֯û˭Ҳܹ֤ʲôʱʲôʽ֡ǶսӵûʧܹҲϣǵһΣ
ǣ
˺ȻӦǣܿǾͿʼϳͬ۴ѧķ򼲳۶ȥ
Ǯ岻֪ǣǽӵ׵ʵľȻԼ
׺ۻصʱ־˳ַһ۵С۵Ĵϡ
׺ۻʱ˶Ǽվ
ָ磬磬ǻ
־˳ַЩ̫˼һεǸоԼЩص
۰һ˵ǰˣ
ַЩӣҲ̾һָ磬磬һ˲塭
סװڰֵûв壬෴ĺܺá
ܺã־˳Щˡ
׿˿۵Сӱһ쵽ѱĶһ־˳Ǻ㲻һھǱѧУҲʳǡǿͥϣ
ָ磬ǡоǱﲻǹӵľ
׳ۣĻֵܶûˡȻֵܣǴҾҪⲻ𣿡
ðɺðɣʵҲûйǡҲЦǵʱһȣûô࣡
Ժǲˣ־˳ַҲĵ˵
ҡҡͷԺ飬ǻøҶԶԶġ
ָ磬ظԱĪһֱϢȥǷǳĵİ־˳׵
һỹóȥһˣʱȥԱǴкɡ
һ֮ڶԴĪ̵ϣ׾ȡ
ʵϣĪ̾ǳŮһʡ
ֻϵһ̺ȥĻӰ˵ʺֵ
Ǯ鲻׻ĲżһʱģɼȻˣȻҲԹۡ
׽ôʱ䣬˵츳õһˣȻĪˡ
ԣ
⼴ɽ磬Ҳ൱ģе֡
ָ磬ô㻹ȥЦʵ
׵ͷе飬ܲˣ컹Ҫѵʱϵ
OK
˸ƣ׳˹ȥ




118
 

ĪһֱԼĴϣ۾ͣĿֻ
̣ѹˣǸǮļһӦñһ
˵ŮȥӲߣĽСɰȴ˸žĿ⡣
ǱˣһζѵӪҪĶϣ  Īį΢΢ҡͷϣǸһֻʹޣȴΪıʲôڵĵǰ೤
ϣĪһᣬֻˣʵԭǮ׼ϣŵ˼ġ
ȴһڻؾˣҲЭһ£һס
ĪǲܻӭˣȻȻı䵽ᣬȻˣҲǮ˵Ī̵ı֮žġ
ǾԲһ˿һΣճϣΧ
Ҫ֪ϣھǴèһ㣬ĺڿȫҲ൱ĺġ
οսΪȱĲս͵˲ţǼ˲ţǼļרҡ
ϣĵȫǿһĿհףǮǿһĵԸڶԵսչֳǿʵġ
İ೤𣿡
ϣҲμ˾ѵֻײûвμӾѵȻҲ֪ǰ೤
š
Īɫ̫ãϾױ̹ٴˣҴ˽̹ٵĵܵܡ
೤µģͷİɣʵǮ̹ٲʵڲеĻҸǮ̹ٴ绰
ϣǴţĸǮ绰ĻǮ廹Ҫء
Ī̾һҲ֪Ǯ̹ٵװǴʲôطȥˣ
ǺǣǮ̹пܰǴӪȥˣϣ֪ǮĶѵӪھһСʱ̵ĵط
Ǵ˳ȥĻҲǴǱȥϣǲι۹ѵӪġ
ǴӪȥʲôĪЩǵĿϣ˼ȫǱߡ
ϣ΢΢һЦ̣ͷſİɣ
δ䣬Ī̵ֻѾ֣ҲǼ
೤û°ɣ
Īһӽ˵绰ϳ˷֮ɫ
ңʲô鰡Ǻǣˣиһ£һѧУĴſڵң
ҲЦǺǵ˵˵սڱ˵еһݽɫȴˡ
ã
Ǳ˵Ļô˺һŮӳȥĻ˭ԥġ
ϾҲرϤĪеĵλѾߴ󣬻ͬ۴ѧĪΪε˿¾ˡ
Σ֮У׺һֵܳȣĻԼûѧУȥˡ
Ǯ飬ѾΪڶŮ෹̸ˡ
ⲢĪҪģѾˣҲͷˣʲôܹԵأ
ϣĪЦŵӴӴҿ㶼챻Ǹ೤ء
С
Īɫͨ죬˵׵ʱȻһȻĶĸо
ָо֮ͬǰǮ֣Ů˶˵֡
ͬ۴ѧſڣײûиϴ绰ֻǷ˸ŸԼѾѧУˡ
ΪиҪҪȥǾҽĪ̡
һʼȹ֮׼ѰĪ̵ģڿǰˡ
ͬǰĻһ£Ǳ˵Ļٵȵȡ
Ī̾飬òܹڵˣһҪǳ˸ʲôĻǵʱڵĿ¾Լˡ
ʵŮôܴأ  ̫幬Ѳɲ֪һǾԲе  Ī̵ͷһ·Сܵĳ׵ĸǰף¶ֿЦݣ೤û°ɣ
û£ȥιһ¾ӪѣЦŵ
㻹ȥӪ˰ϣ˵ûĪЦŵ
ϣϣһ᣿׿˿Īʵ
Ī̵ͷţҸһᣬͦõģϣ˺ܲ
΢΢ͷü֮ȴһ˿ǣ֪ϣͷĻûǡ
֪ˣ֪һǸʲôSFɱ֯˵Ļ³ʧ꼰㣡
̣и顭׿Ī̵
Ī΢΢бӣֵܿͷȻԼòǳĲţһֱĸо
ĸоӾԼܹԼªһչ׵ĸǰ
ʲô°೤Ī̵еС
ЦŵҲûʲô飬û°ɣ
ϣĪ̧ͷ˿ףûµĻȥҼһˣ
ʲôȥһˣҡҡ
ͻ룬ĪһЩû뵽׾Ȼ˵Ļ
һζҲЩףЦһǸģֻҪһ
೤㡭˵ʲô
Ī׻һĶǱߣɴ۾ףþò




119³
 

һ
һε˵Ī׻һӣҲ֪ȷЩˡ
Ҫ֪ĪϵĶִΪҽѧ豸Ҳûа취ȫ
ĪȻеĵļͥʵԣҲ㲻Ǹһļͥ
СĪ̵ĸĸֹһε취ȥĪ
ûһҽԺԸĽֵģΪеķշǳĸߣʧʽٷ֮١
һʱƲɹ¸ʲôɶģǻʲôأ
Īÿҽҡͷ˵ֻаٷ֮ϣʱ֪νİٷ֮ϣʵǺƭԼġ
ٷ֮ϣһϣûʲôأ
֮ǰ׵ʱĪ˵ԼϣʱЩСġ
ɺЩ֮Ҳûκε뷨ˡ
û뵽ոհԼİ೤һε飬ϻѾǲӿˡ
ΡҵĪһεȷʵ
׿϶ĵͷôˣѲ㲻ϣԼƯһЩ
ҡҵȻԸˣζ룬ǡĪ̵ۿ֮ԿԿˮѾڴתˡ
΢΢һЦʲô
೤֪ʵҵҪûκεϣ
ĪҲǶûκεģʵǼΰҲǷѾ˼Щûٲġ
Цŵô֪ûϣأ
೤Ҳ֮ǰȥõƤҽԺˣʱǱߵר˵ĿǰûëϸѪķǼ⣬Ҳ°̺ۡ
Ī̵ȻϣԼܹƺˣӵ鲢ô򵥵ġ
ʼ⣿õĲַ
೤Ѳ㻹ҽ
Ī̵ɴ۾ףղе˵Ļ˵ҪҪơ
ԭĪΪ೤϶˸Լƣû뵽ȻԼ
洫ҽǺǡЦŵ
аɣȻ೤ҽҾһ԰ɡ
Īʵûбκεϣ֮ôʵϾΪ˹˼׵ӡ
˼ҺĺҪԼƣԼôĵĻǺ˼ҵ  Ī̵̼ߣΪԼԱЩȷҲǷǳС
ǳں˵ĸܣͬԼҲصվڱ˵ĽǶȥ⡣
΢΢ͷʵҲ֪Ī̵̬飬ԶĪ̵
ҲڹĽʲôһе˳ȻķʱһһĽ͸Īġ
߰ɣ
׳ǰȥĪ̾ôں棬֪ĻΪҪȥɵʲôأϾѾôˡ
һŹݣ
׺Ī̵ߵʱѾʮˡ
Ī̿ǰ续һıЩȵ˵೤⡭ң
ǰɣǺǣЦЦҸɩҲסߣһСͽܡ
㣿ͽܣ
ĪЩôײŶ󰡣Ȼͽܣ
ǺǣǵģʱҸܽܡ
׺Ī̽˷֮Ҳǳ¥ϵһȥտޱȣ̺õľذ֮⣬ʲôҲûС
೤ǡǾ⣿Ī˵ооЩ̫Ť͵һ㡣
΢΢ͷָָϵϥ۾ˣͲҪˡ
Ī̷ǳ׵Ļֱϥ£˫ۡ
ĽëͿԿó˿̵൱Ľš
ܿ죬׵ѾǶһö룡
ĪǴʣڵĺǳأֺ൱á
ֻĪ̲ûκεֺת

Ī̵ԼĺʹڵѪƽȡ
֮׵һû뵽Ī̵ͷ֮֮ȥΪˡ
ܿ죬ϷѾǻһ㱡ȥǵӾ˹һ㡣
׶⺮ҲΪĸȤҪ֪Ī̵ĴʣǺǷǳľˡ
ڵͨԼеĽ룬Ųĺų
ȻˣҪȬĻǱҪĹһӹɵġ
׼ƺˣȸһҵʱ䣬ʱһεļᣬϻӡ

׵һֳֻĪ̵ͷϿգһɹɵĺܿû뵽׵ϡ
ʣ⺮ȻǺö
Щ𾪵ЩҪҪŨٱĺö
ϵĪĺҲʼĳֳ˲ͬı仯
ԭİʼ䣬֮ۿɼٶϡ
ʱʱһζƹȻǺķѼ
ҲջĸоԼȻҪͻƵļǴʴĺô




120Ů
 

ʱ֮׻ջԼơ
˿̣ڵĺ˵￪ʼѸٵת֮һҪŨٱ
û뵽ⴿʹȻͬǰеǰǿ󰡣
ײɵø̾һ䣬ĪԺǵԼԵսԼҲĪİ
ϻһΪǿ˫޹ܹĪ̺ĻǾһ㰡
뵽ߵףȻЩѪ
ٿỊ̄ƣ
һϷ֬һȻôԭĽѾʧ
ϵţ޸ǰĪ̵ߵķɫڲϵĽӽ
ڴ󹦸˰
׿ǰѾǻָỊ̄һƺڷһƮ֮ͦϣ΢΢죬ˮӣһ촽ѩף
һʱ䣬Щˣ  ˵ôһŮǰĪˡ
ԭһʹһħѾǳΪһ۲۵ӡ
Ị̄ղŵ뵽һ֮У׿Ϊ֮
Ī̱׻֮ҲһȻϽ೤ǲ˼Ҷ˯ˣڿʼɣ
ʼѾˣЦŵ
ˣĪ̾һ£ܿ˵ĻһûѧУذҹҪǱԱ֪Ļ

׸оһִܸУ椾ͲԼ׺ûа
ѲľôԼô˵ˣԼǾⷬĻԼҲ̫һ˻ҽ
ıģĪ̲ԼҲȫ֮е顣
ˣҿǲȵ߰ɣ
˵꣬óԼֻݸĪ̿˿һʱѾǿˡ
Ѿ˰һô˯ôʱ䰡һоûУĪ̾Ҫɰжɰ
ҪĪϵһ̺۵Ļ׷ܹƽһȦˡ
ڵŮеŮ񣬳֮Ϊͬ۴ѧУһ㶼Ϊˡ
״ţÿ㳿ˢ˶һۣ㳿Ҵҵ˹ʦʲôʱģ
ϡ׿㳿Цŵ
㳿һЦȻߵ׵ĸǰɵĪ̵ʱıɾͿˡ
ʦ⡭˭㳿Ī̾
Ī̻ΪԼŵ㳿Ͻ˼˼ûŵɣ
ǺǣͬѧỊ̣̄Ҹ˵ͽ㳿ЦŽܵ
˵ʦϢľ͸˸ʦﰡ㳿˵һζΪʲôԼоЩ֡
˵ף㳿һʼûκεĸоһֱղĪ̵ʱŸоԼЩģʲôһ㡣
㳿ɫЩεûûУֻǿ̫ƯˣЩˣ
ȷ㳿Ī̾ŮеŮ
һԼò൱ŵʱҲЩоĪ̲һεġ
Ī̵ǷԹһһֱһָ߹һִ  ֱǵʣһܹӵеġ
Ů㳿ͲҪЦˣʲôŮ
Ī̻ĲǿڻûзԼϵĶʵѾʧˡ
ڵ״̬֮ǰԼϽûкõʱ㳿˵ԼƯʱĪ̱ܵΪ㳿Լе⡣
ȥʦͬѧҲ̫ǫ˰ɣôƯȻ˵ԼŮҪǲŮĻϿ¾ûŮһ˵˰
㳿ЩĪҲ̫ǫ˰ɣǫĶЩԼˡ
೤ҡˡ
ĪҲЩ˵ӶĳƢٺҲܲ˰ɣ
ĪΪʵǱ˵ĺÿΪԼ֪ϵĽʧȥĹ⻷
һЦ棬Ī̸оίĺܡ
ͷ׼ȥҲ֨ͿĪ̳˳ȥ
ʦ㡭ǳһ㳿Ī̳¥˹ȥҲƵʵ
ǺǣһԼͻġΪŵ˵ԭëϸѪаô󣬲ѾˣֻԼ֪Ϊذɡ
ԭôһëϸѪκˣ㳿Щ𾪵ĿףܿЦŵҿ²УҸоѾһЩŵˣ
ǺǣŵʱһһϲġЦŵ
೤
׺㳿ʱ򣬴ⷢһֵļžһ󼱴ٵĽŲĪ̻ͷˡ




121Ըɵ
 

ո߳ŵỊ̄˼㡣
Լߵ뿪׾ȻûԼһ£һֱĸо
Ī߳оıЩֹסۿת
ߵӾصԱߣ䳯濴ȥˮĵӰĪ̴ʧɫ
𣿡
ĪֱӹӾصıϣ˳ŵӰȥȻǺȴϡõһա
ζܶεľվȻˮ
Ī̺ܿԼԭǿӿݵĽѾʧȡ֮һĨ⻬
˸ղĪǾУȻַ׵ĳ
ַԬСҲǱĪһ˵ļиզˡ
Ī̵ʱҲסˡ
೤ҡҡҵ
ĪǻعˣԭһֱΪ׻κԼ
Ҳ˼άµģΪܵľôΪġ
ǺǣôˣЦʵ
ҵˣĪЩʲ˼Ҳ
ʼۺװκˣȴûκεıʾ׼ˡ
೤ҡҡҸ𣿡
Ī̴˿ĳȣϣԿһոµԼֺ¾ԼԼʧ
ڸղʱѾǴŵĿһ顣
㳿Ǻϵóһӵɡ
лл
Ī̳㳿¶һЦݣɫܿ÷ǳĽš
һԵַЦŵ˵װλǣ
ǰͬѧĪ̡Цŵ
ͬѧô򵥣ַһʵǼüŪ۵һӾͿԿó˼
Ŀǰô򵥣˵Ҳ˸档
Ҫ˰
ַҲǱĪ̾Ҫּҵϱʮӿɾʹˡ
ٿỊ̄˿̵ѾǴľһĶžǾա
һվǱߣ·ʣԼϵ澵һ㡣
ٴΣϣԼڶ֮ͻͻȻɶٴоʧأ  ڳΪʵ  û뵽׾ȻκԼҽƺԼһĺۼ
ˮһֹסˣ
Ī滨ģҲǰ̣ӦǸ˵ɣô޿ĿɲŶ
ס
Īһ˵׵ĻУһеİԼͷ׵棬Ŀ˳
ôѹ֣ôᣬôĿƺһ˲ȫ˳
㳿ⲻĪĸйСǱ֡
Ȼ˵һЩ鷳վҲ൱Ĳ
Ī̲һСһֱǾۺͳЦ㹻ǿ󣬿Ѿˡ
ȻˣָоûоˣԲĶá
̣ˣһжȥˡδԻǳľʵġ
ĴĪ̵ĺ󱳣˵椻ϣԼԼ澹ȻҲ˷Ӧ
㳿Ī˵׵ĻУһоȻǳƽƺһȻ
һʼտĪ̵ʱȷЩĪ̵ľ֮Ҳûĸоˡ
š
أĪҲǻָϵĺȴӵԡ
ǼװȻ뿪׵ĻȻתĵط
СܣʲôʱؼҰ
ѾǾѮַҲҪ״ʲôʱߣ
ЦŵµװɣЩҲ࣬µ׵ʱҿ϶ȥġµҲûмʱˡ
ţҸСһλȥ˳ѻַԼŮ۵˵
׿˿ַһֵ磬ɩǱ߽ˣ
ܲڹȥ͸ʲôƵá
ַҲûк˼˵̫ʵԬСһҲҲѡ
ַǮˣ۰Ͱ͵ţԬСݰʯŪˡ
ԬСҲԺٻؼңǻؼҲûʲôɫԼĸĸ
ΪԼĸĸںԼҸںʼԼ档
ߣ͇NɪɣԬСݺһóҲǴЦġ
㳿Цŵʦ֮ǰһֱ˵ҪȥģһֱҲûлȥĳɣԭҲ˵ģҵķɻƱѾ˺ãǺϵġ
ţȥҪϸоⱾ飬һʱĸ㽲һΣ
׿˿㳿ʵʵ㳿츳ǲȻԼѾʼȻչǺܿ졣
ʦͨҲ൱ţˡ
㳿ͷţһȥҲ͸µʱ䡣
ЦŵãҺȻѧУʲô鵽ʱ绰ϵˡ




122º䶯У԰
 

ͬ۴ѧ׺Īһ߽У԰ֹǣɷˡ
˿̵Ī̵ЩΨΨŵŵȥ֮ǰ˺ܶࡣ
Ůĳ֣ܹ˵Ŀ⡣
׿ȥƽ棬ĪȴǹʶĿǾݼûͷʴﵽ˰ٷ֮١
ѵڽУȻ׺Ī̵ĳ֣еľѵͣ
Ů˭
ѧУȻôŮǰôûзְ
վԱߵСӲǸϵ𣿡
̫Ưˣܲˣҵθ찡ϾȻôŮʣģȥ
ѵķ󼸺ͬĪ̵ֺ䶯ͬ۴ѧ
Ǯѵ״һŮʱɫҲǲ̫ÿ
һﾹȻ˺ѹԼҰԼѹģûһƢ
һﾹȻҲԼҪĶ󣬸Ƶǣﲻǰˡ
һķߣ˿ǮЦŵǮ̹٣ּˡ
СôҡиʲôǮ忴˿û˵
˵Ǯ̹٣ôҡˣЦеĿǮʵ
Ǯ忴˿һԵĪ̵ĽŮҲˣѧУⲻҡʲô
ס׵˳иͣĶȻֻǰͬѧѵѡ
ͬѧ
ǮоǰŮЩʶһҲ벻ʲôط  Ǯ̹ǹ˶£ܵ˺̣ͲǵˣЦһ
ʲô⡭Ị̄
Ǯ嵱Ȼ֪Ị̄ɱϾĪ̵һֱǿ裬˭Ҳûм
ô˵ŽĿǰŮ֮ǰĪ̡
Ǯ壬һԵĺܶ˶Ǿ
Ị̄һĳСѼȻİ졣
ײδڴǮ壬һﵹûʲôøУȻҲ̸϶ᡣ
˿Ị̵̄ѵɣҸ塭
һһֱŵģ
;Īһ壬ʵֵǮ֮⣬һ͵
ΪĪ̺ϣסһᣬδ֪Σʵ̫̫ˡ
SFɱ֯ĳ֣Ҳ˾ԣʱصĪ̵߱
Ī̶ȷ൱ҪԣͲ̸ϲϲĪ̱ˣĴԵѾ൱ĺ
뿪ʱ򣬼ûʲôע˵ĿⶼĪ̵ϡ
Զһ󣡣
Ǯ֮ǰǸ׷ЩĿ߷һС
һǮЩҧгݵĿ״һŮ߽У԰
ǸŮ˭׷ʿˮ
ǮҲ۷ŹĿŰ׷֪û뵽һﾹȻôйʺˣҸôÿġ
ߣ˭֪ǲСӵŮأΣһҪСӸصĴۣ
׷ЦһȴһֱĶỊ̄ȻŮ˵ĳּе˶
ǮٺһЦ״٣ǼôǮŮ˲Ϊ֮ǰûмŮ˰
СҲ⣿ҿɸ㣬Ůȿϵģɲ
׷ٺһЦбֳ
û뵽ǸŮȻ챻Ǯ׵ǸŮǲ˼鰡
ǰѷϢˣǸŮĪ̡
֮ǰǸд̥ǵǸļٵİ
ǳСѼ˰
ɲզΣҹŮľΪԼ̫ƯԹԼŪôһ˰̣
ǮͰ׷죬һԵȴûôСˡ
ǰŮĪ̵ʱ򣬼ͬʱһۡ
ǮڿǳӶˡ
׷㿴Ǯӣܰɣ
ҡҾܳˣ
Ǯ˫ֶЩں޲Ҹطȥ
ʱ˻ΪĪǸЦɵĳ˵ĸǰʱڵǮѾǱһͷβЦˡ
𾪡ơˣ
Ǯϣһһףһ԰׷㶼Ǹоˡ
һΪ֮˺ȻΪ˱Ķ
һ̿ʼǮ»Ĳٳˡ
ĪϮһж
˴۵Ŀ⣬׷ЩȻĳź˵ǮҿԺǲҪһˡ
׷㣬ʲô˼Ǯû뵽׷㾹Ȼôʵ
׷Цһʲô˼Ӧĺܰɣ
׷һʵˣԲڸǮȥҪȻԼѧУûа취ȥˡ
һ˭ǮҲǳҪȻҲôС




123ʹһ
 

ͬ۴ѧ
һʱеĻⶼĪ̵ϡ
ܶ˿ʼԼֻĪ̽գ˲䣬Īһֱµĸо
ȴôĿģָòܸопġ
ڽ죬Ѿ֪Ҫ˵绰룬ȴһûи
һֱŵľ׵Ӱ֪ԼⱲҲϲϱˡ
ΨǸһֱԼκԼˣǣơ
Ī̵ᣡ  ϣ̾ĿỊ̵̄û뵽ǰһֱƭǵİŮ
ǵġ
ĪҪ⣬׽鲻ܹ˵
ϣЦŵװɣҶƭء
аϣҡ
ĪȻҪͣȴ֪Լܹס
ˣɱ͡Ǹһҹδ飬Ͱ೤ٺ١
ϣЦЦĿỊ̄ĪЩֱܲˡ
ʵҲЩ֣ôӵôһױأ
ȥӦز¶ĸˣ²Լܹʵġ
뵽ߣһȻˡ
Īʼģҡҳȥµġ
ٺ٣ʵҲһصˣ˵ˣҾǰ೤ȻĲǺ˧ɻ൱ζġ
ϣǿỊ̄Īһ졣
ĻȥЩɻʵʲôζ
ûоð೤Щ˿͸ʵҲϣѧϰɼ֮⣬ҾǳһŶоͦǮġ
ϣȷ׵ϢĶ׶ôĸȤ
ҲЩ棬ϾһѧУķȻҸǮսӵ˶ţ
ϣԼҲ̫ҸǮ嶥ţһҪѧ֮⡣
ĪһƣղŻģ֪׺Ǯ
һױǼ۸˭ܹóܶһӶ׬ôǮ
ĪҡҡͷҡҲ
Ӵǵ̴Ůôô찡춼ҳ˰ɣϣٺһЦ
Уǡ
Ī̼ѿڶǻ˵һʱԼֽԼ͸
Ҿ˵һİɣϣ·Ƿʲô´½һ㡣
ϣ㡭֪۸ңĪɫͨĿϣ
ǲ֪ʵΣѾ޵Ľӽǡ
SFɱ֯ܲꡣ
Ȼɱ֯ǹϹϵĳɱ֮֯һΧˣʼسΣյζ
ÿһεжܻ֮ڱɱߵϻΧSFĸ
һɱ֯žЩ˾Īĸоᱻ˶ˡ
ǮȶսӵΪʲôôأʵǾǺϣ˶ϡ
ĿǰյȷϢSFɱ֯
ķ߲֪ĳнȴѾȷ
ϣǱŵģĸڣסĸŮĸǻ켣ѧеĶսӳԱ
ЩŮսԱȻҪЩսԱѷһɲಢǺܴ
ЩսԱĳɼŮսԱ
һαɳִλƽʱû̫ΨһǱϣ
ϣµѧǰսӸŪĲðˡ
ſڵ氲װͷЩ˾ǶʮСʱͷ۲һпɵԱ
ⶰŮΧǮѾǲغˣ͵ɱ
Ŀǰ֪ǣɱֵʹԶǽġ
ȻǮû뵽ǣһĶԶԶǵ
SFɱ֯ɲǱϵô򵥣֮һֱܹţΪǵıضǿĴڡ
SFɱ֯ƶߣʵһλ̣ǵ岢Ǻܶࡣ
ʹһ塢ѪһΪ󳬼
ʵϾʹһλһֻҪﵽʹʵͿԱΪ̡
ʹôôﵽģҲʹһ֮УѾǿ۰һˡ
ΪʲôSFɱ֯Ȼ׽˲ö֪ˡ
ҹڷߣ  ͬ۴ѧʮһ׼ʱϨƣ˿ͬ۴ѧĳ֮С
һ𷢱ۡվһϣĿĶϣᡣ
ֽЪ˹
Ǻ˹ĵϵԱ
Ъ˹һιԭΪ̽Լܵ˹ϹܼҸ䣬ɱϣһ˳ֵѡ
ĵܵϹܼҸֵĵطڽȻʧ  үڽƺܲү͸ϼһκϢ
Ъ˹ߣһ׷ԲԵߣԶȥԵùޱȡ




124ν⾪ϲ
 

Ъ˹𷢱ۣĸһʸƽ˼ֹϢ
ֵ͵ʿվȺ֮УҲɧһ֡
壬о͸˵Ϣ𣿡
Ъüͷһ壬һͷ൱𾴡
Ҫ֪Աߵ׷ߣǿ˹ʵǿļ֮һ
˹
ԭĿ˹ĳԱ˹Ǻ˹Դġ
ȻˣһжΪʵ൱ĳڣ
֮ǰĸˣȻﵽ׼ʹʵɺͿȣȴһΡ
ʵЪԼҲ֪ɾ֪ʵѾﵽļ
ʵжôǿĿǰû֪
ԴӶս֮󣬼и֮óԼʵƴ
˹һ˵ЪүĿǰӦֻֿˣ
壬˼ǡ
ЪüͷĸƺʲôԸ⿴鼴ˡ
Ŀ΢飬˿Ъһֿү͸˲ڽһпܱˡ
ˣ龹ȻҶʹһˣǷ˲ɣѲɾͲһεĶս𣿡
ЪĿһ˿棬Եøӵ
ЪүȻĿǰʹһѪһʵǳǿҲҪˣ׻ʵҲǲСﰡ
ʵеǸ
һ仰ûжЪү˵ǾǵĶ׻һҶʹһ˼ҵиֵһᡣ
Ҫ֮󶫷ңʹһıǿĻʼղ̧ͷġ
ЪЦһһǿ飡
ϸĸһ£˿ϣүҪԶ𣿲һ˶ѡס
ôˣ塭
ЪԭЩмһ˵ĿȻ۾ϣķ˹ȥҲЩ֡
Դ˽ƺκ鶼᲻ʲôȤѰ͸õ֮⡣
ĿоȻ͸һ˿񵽱ˣ
ЪһãȻĿſ˵ʲô
ٺһЦϣĵûʲôͨһɸһӵһŮˡ
ȻƯ
ЪŮϸĹ۲Ī֮󣬻̲סһ̾
Ưص㣬صȻǴԵʣбһľ⡣
Եʣ꺱ıԵʣֱһδĳ󱦲ذ
˿ǵļʶ涼ͱźܴĲͬ
ȻҲ֪ʵҪˣ˵νĴʻǻ˶׻֮󣬲֪Ķ
ʣһţ
ЪһĽĿǰǸ椣ôҲû뵽ĿԱߣĶء
һιȻûа
ѾûˣҲ˺˵ûʲô
ֻҪõŮˣʱĵĻһʲô  ŪĺõĻµʱΪʹһĳսҲ˵ء
ţ˭ϲأ
壬ô죿ЪȻǸүڿǰǳĹɡ
ɱĿ꣬ȻĿԱߵǸŮֻҪܹŮߵĻص˼壬ǿǴһ
Ъ˷ܵĿ˿壬ǻʲô
˼ֱɱȥ𣿡ЦеĿЪ
Ъܲճںܶ鲢Ƿǳ˽⣬Ŀǰ۸ӡ
Ϊ˱ìܣǩ˺ܶ
оͰڶԷΧڲöǵõ˶Էɡ
ȻмĦìܲϣҲǶ֣ɱԷ黹ǲࡣ
˺ͬĸ
壬ֱɱȥȻ˽ߣڸϵˣҲ޼°ɣ
ЪҲǶĪ̲˼Ȥ
ˣһҪǳʲôĻǡ
Ǿ㣬֪û׼һأһҪǳʲô©ĻҪڻȥˡ
ЪٺһЦģСġ壬һǳҲ͸壬ǾôȥĻЩЦ

ԥһ£סĹ۲Χƣԭ׽ɱһˣΥĹء
Ǳֱȥɱһ߻Ҫʹ޵飡  Ϊˣ޴֮ˣһˮƽϡ
壬Ҫԥˣôȥľͱ׻֪ˡЪЩе˵
ԥ˼֮ðɣٶһҪ죬̳֮뿪׻Ƶĵؽ˵
û⣡
ЪһOKƣ쳣˷ܡ




125ŵЪ
 

ϣĪ̵ᡣ
ڸԵĴ죬һľѵҶͦ۵ģΪȽϵĶ࣬˷ܵ˯ž
Ị̄ԴκԼ֮綼
Ǿգϣ˵ģҪǰһˡ
Ůˣһһӡ
仰˵ĲûеģĪ̵ǻȻʣģʱҲȥ롣
11ˣ컹þѵأҪȻ˯ɣϣ˿ԼֻҲһ
Ķĵʮһˣ컹кܶҪɣǱҪ֤˯߲С
ĪЦЦɵ׼˵ʱȴִһӰһš
ܿ죬ǵ˵Ӱˡ
˵Ǵʲôطðģ  Ī̵˫ֲסĲЩֵָǰЪͿҪȴôҲˡ
ϣĪ̵ӣƺûʶΣյ١
֮ǰǮ˸˵ЩΣգδ¡
Ҫ֪ѧУжΣأ֪ɱѾˣһĲͨɱ֡
̣ʲô
ϣЦʶĳĪķ˹ȥ
ⲻ֪һһȻ𷢱۵ˡ
㡭˭
ϣŵһӱQĪ̵ߣʱôܲأ
Ȼ֮ǵ֮гˣһ̫ˡ
Ъ¶ʿЦݣ˵λŮܸ˼ǣ
һԵЪүǻҪУ
㡭ǹɱҵģ
ϣƺһ뵽ʲôֲǮӵСģЩǹɱġ
¶ˣֻ¶һ룬Ϊȴǵõ벻ջΪ˱㣬ҿʹһ㣡
Ъ͸һ˿ţ֪һжƿ֮С
üͷһֱţĹ֮ѾȫķסһС
ǡǺôĵӣ֪жٱҵ𣿡ϣΨΨŵŵ˵ʵһҲûС
Ϊ˶ˣ澹ȻһĶûС
ıԼĻԲܳİɣ  ϣһĵûУ֪ڵӦôźá
ٺ٣ǽˣ
Ъһţ֪ԼĹ֮һƬסˡ
˵ͨˣһߣҲҪġ
Ī̿˸һͷˮϣ˵˵ʲô
ϣ⡭⵽ô£
˿̵ʲôǺ£ҪҲ֪ԼΪʲôİɣ
Щ̾Լ˶ⶣոհԼκˣȻ֮¡
ҡһ¸Ҳ˵ϣͷ󺹣ǿԼеĺµ㡭ǵĿȻҵĻɱҿԣǷŹһĹϵûУ
ŹЪЦ˼ļֵǿΪ㣬ļֵ
Ъ˼ǳԣϣĪֱ̱ө֮һ㡣
ϣɴ۾Ị̄ƮĪ̵ʲôͷ  ˿ЪЪүһֲõĸо
ţôˣ壿
ЪһȻ˵вõԤУҲһ
΢΢ҡͷ֪Ҹоڿǡ
ʲô
ЪЩ𾪵ĿſҪֵסĻǿ¡
̾һֻһָоѣӦòǡ˶ǵĻһŶ¶ġ
սپɣ
ЪҲڴˣղת˲֮ʧӰ١
΢΢ͷүҵ֧ŵʱԽĵĹ֮Խ󣬻ǸϽսɣһҪǱ˷ˣʱһҲܲˣ
ЪĬĬĵͷĽŲһһĳϣķ˹ȥ
¶һ˿ɭȻЦݵסҵ֣Ъ˹
Ъһֻ־ֱϾȻһΣһ£
  һɫĹâϣĸǰɢʱĪѾǹ˲һĻȥסЪһ
shit!!
Ъû뵽ʱĪ̾ȻϣǰʱҪѾǲˡ
İĪ̸ɱˣԼҪˣ  䣡
Ъʥ֮ѾĪ̵ĸǰըʱĿҪȣȴΪ
ֹĻһҿ¶Ҫˡ
ʱôĶ϶֪ˣܣҲԲô
ЪаûڣڸղûסԼĿ꣬СĿռҪͷѾûпˡ
һɢȥԭΪ϶˱ңɽȴЪͿĿɿڴ




126½ܴ
 

𾪣  ЪͿĿԣǵжó𾪣  Ъʹ  Ȼ˵ʵʹһеȣҪ֪ǰǷˡ
˺ߣһԽĺ蹵  ղһȻûþȫɼǿķˣҲᱻѹƬġ
ڣ˾Ȼվǵǰ
һãӣľȻκε顣
һеô£
ЪͿ˻һ֮Ǻܿĳܿ˹ȥ
Ъү㡭ڸʲôЪûȫҲɱǰ˰  ڿеĿɲĪûǵսľ
ΪûκĻѾǱֶˡ
Ҳӡ֤˸ղſԼ뷨  Ъ̵壬ղɡ
ãǿܱ˶ˡѲѾˣ
Ķͷ͸ϸҪĻǽһȦףһȦס
ϣһͨˣôΪôС¡
Ъ϶ǲκεĹϵģΪһĹϵûС
STѾ¶ˣЪүҲûж롣
Ъ壬ղҸоһǿֹҵĹƺǡ
ʲô˿ţҪ˽
ʥ֮һ㣡ЪԼɻ
ʥ֮ܣ˼˵
ԭɫһӱ˷Ļһǿɾ׬ˡ
׻ʹһҲǾмļֵ
Ҫ֪׻Ƶʹһͨģ֮ʵҲͨġ
֮ǰսʱ׻ĺöǱĸϷˡ
ǳֵĻԴ
ڵʹһڲҲҪܴļǮܹ򵽵ġ
Щ߼һЩǾмУ  Ҹоܣ
Ъղһ˲ĸоȷûдĪһ͵
ֻҪʵûдﵽһ߶ȵˣҪͻĪ̵ķǻϾΡ
ЪǰԼþҲҪ˺Ī̷ֺ
׶Ī̵һֱıȻⶫ˻ûһĹ򣬾ȻѾó
ȻЪû뵽ǣԴǽ뵽ͬ۴ѧһ̣Ѿ˶ˡ
ԼǿʶѾǳ׵סˣ˵̸Ҳһ
׵ɫһֱֵЦݣ˾Ȼ֮ǰɱ˵˵ͬ
ʹһ壡
Щ˵겻ɢһһϽˮһ㡣
벶ȸں󣡣  ׾ôЩ˵ıݣҪﵽˣʲôʱ
׵ҲûţȻǻˣǾˡ
һǿľϵĳͬ۴ѧĵطɢڽܲԱ˿ŷ  Ȼ˵˾ţⲻʲôأ
Ȼкö
۾һֱĪ̲ϵö壬ľҲԭû뵽Ůϻĺö
ڿˣܲĶأ
壬ʲôöЪҲǷĪ̱˵ĶĻǻһ㶼İ
ǱֶǾͲˣ

¶һ˿οЦݣŮһĸߵŮ
û뵽ϾȻ˵ĻֻҪߵĻǽö¾Լˡ
ڼʺ츳˹˵һ°  ʲô⡭ôܻĶһˣ
Ъûôֹۣ˵һ㵹˿
ѲѾǱֿˣĻǸղĹ϶ǱλˣϽߡ
²˳٣ʱĿҲûôˡ
Ī̺ϣ˵Ƕ֪һﵽ˵ʲô
䣡  һ޴ıը֮󣬿ɫһ䣡
ܿһķѾγɣ˰С
Ūģ̫ĺ䶯Щѧǻ˯š
һ˶ʮʵʵİΧ
Ⱥˣ׻Ʒ
һۻֱһ㣬һĸо
пɬѣղˣʲô鶼ûУ֪ЪѾûκεĻˡ
ܿ죬һλ۵÷Ѿǳ˿Ъĸǰ
Ԫڵˣ
üͷһпԿóľ֡




127
 

Ԫڣ׻ĳ֮һ  Ȼ׻ƣûκһҳŵʵܹʹһᲢۣںΣҪͻԪԣܡ
ߣʹһ壡
Ԫ˿ǰˣһ
硭
Ȼϵǰ֮ˣֻһԱȻҲӦԵˡ
ȴǴͷһǻԪڵİ˴֮һʵҪҪ߳һ
ʹһϣ˰񵥵ˣ
ȻϵϷ򣬼ȻϵϷȰ㻹־ܣ򡭡
ʼմһ˿飬ΪѾ֪һʵ
Ű罫ռγ֮ѾȻ˾ӵĻ
Ҫ¶棬һǿһĸ֡
磬龳۷ĸ֣  û뵽׽羹ȻҲˣ֮ǰְ˵׽һʵô
ЪʵҲ֪׽ڿĸ˵Ͼǰ衣
һĸ֮⣬˻һЩϺз
ֻôҲû뵽꣡
Ȼ˻Ԫڳϼĸ֣磡  ǲ׻һû˺κˣû׻Ʋ顣Ѳ˸Ҷô
ʱĿֻ֪ҪǰŮû飬Ҳûʲô취
׻һֱԺΪеľܲ¾ʶˡ
Ȼ˵ҲһЩͻվҲûֳʲôìܳ
ﵽ˼ҷΪһǣ
׻潥գܶ˵ĵҲ
ʮǰĻʲôΪ˴ֿҲֻܹ
չ֮ҲԽԽ࣬սƺѴˡ
ȻҲ̫οһû˲أ
磬Ҽϲ׻ƵλŮѣܹûɣҼ׷λŮѲҲʲôˣ
Ϻߵıµ൱Ĳ˵Ȼʵ飬˵Ҳô¡
翴һĪ̺ϣȻһ˿ľ⡣
ԣ
  󱦱  һ֪˿ЪĿĺڣǷⴿԵŮıǽȵǵĻ׻һʧ
ߣھߣҵʲô鶼ûзʱҲԸͿ˱ͻˡ
ȻһʮˣսĿҲֻԼˡ
ʣµЩССϺ϶Ǳһȭ̵֡
ΨһЩսģ¾Ǿ칬ְһһֱͻƣѾǴﵽ񾳵ˡ
⿭ѾǴﵽ龳ĳڣԼҪǿҲرĴ
֮ǰΪܵһɻ㲻Ÿ˹ҪҪ׷ʲô顣
֮Ÿоڣ
ʵŮҪǴԼżĻԺ˵׻һ콾ﰡ
ĸŲϣȺף  һֱҲûĸʵܹžԵƣȻЩŶ֮Ϊš
ɳŵҲв٣û˭ܹ˭ġ
ʵˣǿǧĵļ֪ˡ
׳ϣ׻оŻŮӺϡЩġ
׻ƻһ׻Ҫ
㡭ߣ
΢΢⵽ߵˣвĵأ  ղЪ˷ϻĻѾǰ˴ˡ
ⴿʵŮ˱緢ˣԺ¾ûʲôˡ
Ů˶ԺʹһҲһ޴в  ںޣ  ޲ԼԼӣʵҪоҲǡ
ղǿаĪ̺ϣߵĻѾǱ׸Ƭˡ
Ī̺ϣڽɪɪǶ֪ǰ׷ʲô顣
°磬֪λС
һɷǵӣŵҲ˸о¡
Īлֲ̿ѣֻǴĿŰ磬һҲ֪Ӧ˵ʲôˡ
ĪĪ̡
ĪΨΨŵŵĻشţЦеĿĪ̸Ҫ˵ʱɫѾǱֱ䣡  Բڣߣ
ɫ֮󣬿ΧЩˣѾǴʧӰ٣  ղκ鶼ûзһһĪ̸оЩĪ
ƺ˭֪ʲô飡
һ˲䣬ԭղַǷңһӿһˡ
Ī̺ϣһۣܿѾ˳˯֮Уǵһμ䱻ȻĨȥˡ
ܿ죬׾ͳſЪķһš




128±ߵ˹
 

ͬ۴ѧһƬڡ
ƺܵһЩţһԵĻԪڵӿűųϾȻɱߣҲ൱֡
ϣǡλЩɻĿ˿Լĳʵ
һһŻɫµҲǿŰ׳ϣղŵô°
̾һˣ
֣Ѳ׽羹Ȼа׳Ͼ֮ˣЩĿŰ磬Ȼû뵽
һɽһɽ߰ԭҿղžµʻԣû뵽Ѿ˽ȵˡ
΢΢һ̾濴ûʲô֮ȴǶ̾Ϣ
ʣһﾹȻôĺԼˡ
ʵҲǣ֮ôܵȵԼȥأ
ҲҿԼûǿ°ߣĻλŮߵĸֱ֣ӾͻɱԼ
˿໹ֱλֵ˭
Լһ龳۷ˣȻǸ˺޲ڳûһ
ɴ˿ж˵ʵ徳
徳ǺͻԪһĸ  ŰӣҲʼ׳ϣʲ֮һ㣬⵹ûʲôźġ
ǰ׳ϣ緱ǵ㣬ʤʤԪڵλҲЦ
һĳ鴤ĴϷǣѾǷǵֵġ
  ռһҵ𵴣˸ջڽ̸Ǹоǿ֮Ҳɫһ䣡  ׳ϣ׶֣
λΪִ׽簲Σ֯ǵĴھΪά׽İ
ѲǸղ˹Ъǣߣǵڴ˶ֵĻ޻أ
Ȼô˵ɰȴҪĺ˹˹ȥ
ΪҪ֮һǴ飬Լû˽  ΪǻԪڵˣǵʱʹһѡĶ󲢷飬ǻԪڣ  󳬼֮ԭͼңԴԴϡ
ˢˢˢ
һȺ˺ܿ˴򶷵ĵص㣡
Ǹ׼ҪжʱȴȻֹ  ֵֻм䣬һһϮɫͷҵӾվǱߣĶǹˡ
˺ȻǸղŴĪ̺ϣЪ˹п˹
λźɫӱףΪ˲¶ԼݣԼȫʵʵ
Ҫ׵ݣȴʼղ䷨
ʵĲǿ׾ǿһ޵ĻӰһ㡣
Ȼ֪˹ˣû̫Ĺǣǿſ˾ߣҲ̫׻Ƶˡ
㡭ʲô˹ģɱǣʱ׻ٵľʹһķ񱨸
г˾֮ɫû뵽ǰ֮˵ʵȻǿ˵ĵز
ղŽһغϵĹԼĹ֮һգоԼƺһݶٲˡ
һԵЪѾɫɷףϵĭҪԼĽš
ǣвң׵ӹһ˿䡣
ǰ
ʱӲͷƤ˳ʵҲɱϾ׽磬ĸ֮һ
ԼҲûκεİ취ĳʲôµĻʱڳ֮˿϶Ҫܵǣġ
䣡  ײδǰ磬ֱһȭĿֵķӦûü֣ѾǱң  һ׼ʹȻһȭֵˣֱǺˣ  ĺоһĿɬʱҲҲǡ
ġҰɡ
ЪҲܲıŰգ˽һֱĸо
һε׻֮УɵԼĻȻԼĸǰ
㣿֮ǰ׻׼ɱ˵ʱҪ˱𣿼ʩˣ
ʱ׸ûκε֮ͬģı죡  ЪĽֺͿûκε˾Ǹûг׻һ㣬һ˿Ϣ׽
£
ɱʹһˣתŰ硣
пһ£ǰ˿аһԲϴֵʵ̫̫ˡ
һЩָĹطУϰˣɱ˸ǲҪʲôɡ
ǰǰҵ׻֮ˡ׷ǳĹ
ְ
׸磬ǿһԵְ
ְԭЩǰǰǲ֮ǰҩλȷˡ
ǰô⣿ְЩʵ
׿˿ְ΢΢һЦ£˶ɢ˰ɣ
ǰҡ绹Ҫ⵽ô£ɿǺ˵Ŀ⣬ҲƵĶ˵ߣ




129˵ְ
 

֮У  ԭʮˣһӱֻʣְˡ
ȻǲҴˣ֮˵ʵҪ߳Լ֪һ
Լý˵ĻĽˡ
˵ˣһɱ˲գۣǺϾ֮ˣǻԪڵĳϣôܲǺأ  ְײ£һ˿Ī˷ܡ
ʮĹΪ͵ҩԵʣʵͻͽȻΡ
˵ֱһ㡣
ǰңְЩĵĿʵ
׵ͷҲռǰ칬һˣʱһ칬̫幬ϲˡ
ϲ
ְһȴоǰǰʵ
칬̫幬Ѿ֪ˣһֱһָо
Ѿûļ壬λǵޱȡ
ҪǰλǰܹĻپ̫幬ʵһز
ô𣿡
׵뷨ܼ򵥣ָ̫幬ǱȻҪĵһȻʱ̫
һɢɳľҪı䣬⵹Ҳʡȥ˺ܶ顣
پ̫幬ڻи  ְҡҡͷǰ뷨Ҳıϰ
ʵҪһЩʱôҴ񣿡һ˦ƹϰˡ
ȻҲ֪߸ֶһЩԼ鷳һЩĵ
ְһ츳УٲȻҲ㲻Ϻá
׿һһĸֻǺϣģõҩѣҲǶѵġ
Ȼˣ׿ϳֵĻô츳Ҳֹڴˡ
ȻҪ磬ȻһЩ޷ģְǾ̫幬ˣȿԼˡ
ǰ޶ۣ¡
ְҲǫ飬칬ԼپʮˣԼʵˣǱԼҲûС
⻹׸˵ҩĸҪȻĻûκοԵġ
ȻҲԼΪһ֣ʴһϾעõġ
ǳ翣ȴǳʵڡ
һЩһһǰ;Ǻ׼ȷġ
ڵʵ񾳵ĳǰɣ׿˿ְЦŵܹڶڰʵ龳۷أ
ʲô龳۷壿
ְ׵ľˣ龳۷壬ʲô
˵߰ɣҲǸּˣǶ𾴵  һ΢СһЩţҲʵˡ
칬̫幬żһҲҲһ龳۷˰
ôңЦʵ

ְǲ˹һҡͷѾǷһ㡣
׿ְְϣԺֻҡ
ְۿͨ죬ֱԼʳָȻһ
ݣ  һξѪѾǳ׵ĸǰΪһֳķʽ
Ҳ֮õһַʽΪһԾѪΪ˵ķʽͱ˴Э飬Ժͻһūһ㡣
׸ĳϲƾգһ˾Բġ
Ҳû뵽ְôֱӣԼľѪԼġ
գ
׺òĽѪߣ⵹ǰְǺְѪΪ֮Ϳְ֪λá
֮ĹͨӵûϰˣȻˣְҲ֪ĸƤĵ
ְ׵ǰԺְΨհ
΢΢ͷȻ˵ְϥѭһ֮󣬾У
У
ְһⲻҪ߻ħĽ
ǳĿ⣬ҲԼĶʡ
Ѿ׵Ϊ׵ˣʹȥҲûκεİ취
ѪΪˣôĲпᣡ
˵У߾൱֮Ĺвʱ޲ĻѶпܵġ
߾  ҲΪʲôְһԭдҲеġ
Ϊѡһˣʵְ֪жôˡ
ְ֮ϥһĽ״̬
ְԭɫ糣˿ѾǽһƬ
ڵǳʿһ㣬ϵĳԼԭõķ
Բпȥƺûκε
ҵʹְɫЩŤеĺľűˣ
ڡ
׺ȻоΧѸγһС
ĵסְĶͷһɹɸΪҵѾְͨͷֱӹ䵽ڡ
ְоһ󷭽ԭеٶһĻôڵٶʮ
ְĿӣͿǳ˶ʹࡣ




130¼ʵϣ
 

飡
ְڣһײ֮м仹žѵ
ʹ֪һθоԭʹࡣ

һҵĽְ֮˵һǾһ㣬ռһεĹƽ
׵һһö̵ͨԲҩѾǳ֮С
ɽĵҩⵤҩǾ״ġ
ְɽ絤ҩĻҲܹܣʱпֿܳƲס
ֻ൱ԭɵİٷ֮һңɾٷ֮һҲ൱˵ˡ
ְѾһʶ״̬ŵҩͨԼľƣڡ
ܿ죬ְڳһľ󣡣  ǿҵг֮󣬳źͱѵÿ֮ʱܿͱһĨɫס
һĨɫס֮ڶ̶̵ļʱڣԭѿľͱ޸
ְڵľȴϵţٶѾ屶ֹ
˵ǰٶһĻĸ֮ٶȾԿԼ屶ֹ
ȻˣĿǰҲֻܹˡ
ְľܲ˸ǿĳ׵ֻܹǱѡ
ԺķչҪְԼĿǰŵĳ̶ȡ
ʱڣֻҪ׵ĵҩҪﵽ龳۷徳ȴҲʲô¡
£һ֮ɣ
׵ƺҲǳĲְʶ״̬¡
ԭϥְ˿ѾƯ˰֮Уһεóһźɫҩ뵽ְС

һŭȣǹɵҩѾְ֮ӿ
ڰУһϪһۼ˵֮С
ϵĳƼ  ﴦŷһƵı֮ԭĵﾭһδεϴ֮󣬱ԽԽ㡣
񾳺ڡ
۷塭
龳ڡ
ͻ˸оЩĿɿڴ˿ڳĻǿ»ᾪĪ
Уԭ֮ѡ
Խ߼ߵʱԽ˸оѶȵӡ
ǰְͻ˸оֲ˹񾳵ڵ龭ĳڣȻֻһϵʱ䡣
ְɫĻʵͣ龭ĳ۷壬ʵϣֻҪԼŬĻ龳ڼǰ϶顣
¶һ˿ЦݣʵĿǰ徳ڵʵҪ˵ʵǿȻܵġ
ȴһƣǾǿľ
ǿľ֧ϸ΢Ĳٿأܹ΢ÿһѰ顣
ľ̫幬ʶɽҲǶĴڡ
οһͨͨأ
׵ǿ󲢲Ϊʵ෴ǿĴС
ʱ֮󣡣  ְ΢΢תѣлһ˿˿ĺ£ɵվҸܵһɹŨԼλʱˡ
⡭龳硭ôܣ
ְĵһǲ鿴Լ壬֮һӾ;ˡ
ȻûĽӴ龳磬ȴɵͻ֮ĸоǾԲܸġ
龳񾳾ǲһģǾҲԲһĴڡ
ְһЩҩûȥϣ㾡Ĵﵽ龳۷壬ȻˣǸʱҵǿһ֮徳
⵹Ǵţκ˶˵󻰣ȴҡ
ڱ˵У徳ǾԵĸּĴڡ
˵徳͵ǿ̽һ˿ɵϣ徳ﲻĻǿ϶һϣûеġ
徳ǲһѳӣ
һѸֺ֮ͨĳӣֻҪﵽ徳κεط¶ܵ˵صġ
лǰ
ְ̹û뵽Լ׾ѪΪ֮ȻԼôĺô
׽ҿԼɴ¶һ˿Цݵ֮ԺˣҲϲЩȽڡ
ǣǰ
ְ̧ͷɵ׾Ȼһ֮Ͷܹһˡ
ôˣ׿ְЦʵ
ǰʵ̫ˡְ֮󣬻Ѿ𾪵Щľˡ
׿ְҵϣʱܣһǰ칬̫幬
ǰǰ칬ȺʱĴݡְϵ˵
֪һλֵĳ֣칬ĺӿҪˡ
ҲҿԼʶǰλǰҪȻԺ칬̫幬ϲˣԼôĻأ
׽飬˶ԸĵطְֱһĻԵ  PS:ϼܵһ죬ǹأɢһֱϲҲƴһѸӣֵǶֹ֧ɢİлλ




131½ȼİ
 

ͬ۴ѧϣѾˡ
սӵϣĪˣȴ֪ʲô顣
һƬǽ壬·һĿˡ
ӳбƻĺۼ̿Ǯ
Ǯɫ൱ѿһεĿϣϣĲ֪ʲô飿
ϣһãȻĿǮҸʲôҲǲˣ͸һоЩƬˡ
ðɡ
ǮƵĿϣҲεĺܣʱϣͬ۴ѧôʵ̫Σˡ
ӳϣͬ۴ѧôΣգˣҿȥսӰɣҲиӦ
ǮȻ˵Ǯ»
⵽ô°
ĪЩƵĿϣȻЩ˵̸һͷˮ
ϣЩǸ˵Բ̣һֱ㣬ġ
ϣ΢İ˵һ飬Ȼ漰һЩ»ܣϣľǸ⡣
ϣû뵽㾹ȻôĪ̵һ㶼û
Ǯϣ͸һȥǽӵϢSFɱ֯Ѱ밵ɱˣ˵ģΣյĲԼߵˡ
ϣһεҲûκεľǿֻЩƵ˵ѧŸոտʼû뵽ôˡ֪ͲȥǴ¥ϵͳϹˡ
ǮĪͬѧҪܣ˵鲻Ҫκ˵˵κˣ
Ǯ̹٣֪ġĪ̵Ҳǹɵĺܡ
ܿ죬ϣͱǮ˸ˣĪһãȻĿȥˡ
׻صԼʱѾǵڶߵӣʮҵʱ䣬ͻؼˡ
Լֻ˿δ磬Ȼȫǰõġ
ʱԼʲô飿ϵŮľȻ绰
׻ʱһ˶ûУȫȥѵˣֱӻһ绰˰á
ڿϽҵ绰˰ҶΪ㲻ˡÿװѵ绰عʱƺһͷҲһ
ôܲأһӴô绰м£Цʵ
̾һǽȼ֪Ǳ߻ûʲôõʯ
ȼõʯЩʵ
ⲻǴøֵпƵĺܡ
ã㲻Ǵ񷻵𣿡ʵ
õǴ񷻵ĲҲ֪񷻺ʹõĹϵڼ֮ǰҵķͷǹ˰سѾͷһδҪڽһչ
ǸչǸǵģϹɶЦʵ
ЩƣԥһǷΪı൱ҾЩˣ˵Ҫǫ̂
˼ǴҲҪŪһչ
ŪΪʲôԼˣ˰
һԼˣȻһ洫ˣ椵Ҳݵġ
Ȼ洫֮ѲΪԼкܶ  ȷ׵ϻкָܶĶУϾĶҲеġ
úԼȷЩԵ֣ҲЩԵֶѡ
ȻˣԴһε֮ǰѰõһˡ
õǰţȥˣںڶûغȥ˸̯ˣҪչɵĺãǴܲõλþҵġ
֮ҲǲԶˣɵĲõĻ֮ǰĹȫĨɱˡ
ðɣǰؼҵģʵ
ţǰؼҵĲҵҲ֪ؼңЩƵʵ
׺ͰؼҵЩԨԴԨԴʲôõġ
֮ǰͰسĸسɸշ˳ͻûһεĺͰس﷢˳ͻ
հص˼һЩĸоһԼǸؼйϵˡ
ֻ֪壬ǼҵǸʲôģҾͲ̫ˡ˰ܣô㰡
׵ҲʵڣȻҰ㣬Ҳÿôɣ
˼һµҪȻǼİɣȥ㣿
УҾͬ۴ѧ׾Ҳǣʵڡ
ʵҪЩڵ绰治̫ÿڣϾ˵Ҫڵ绰˵úܶࡣ
ܿ죬õĳѾͬ۴ѧ¥£ʵԭ߾ͲԶ
Ϊ׻ص绰Ļٵһ׼ѧУˡ
ʵ֪׵ʲôöϣͨ׵Ĺϵϻ˼
˼֮ǰոյõ䣬ܹһεչչһµĻǾ쳣䶯Ч
ҪѹãǾͱҪĶɰһʱᵽʲôطȥôĶأ  Ҫףһͦϰæġ
׵̬ȣһԼǶĶˡ




132¼ɵ
 

ͬ۴ѧſڡ
˿У԰һľѵźŲȥ쳣ĳ֡
״ʱ򣬿ͣһɫķ
棬⳵һӦþǸ򲻾õģնûüϡ
Ϊһεıַǳĳڣ׼ҽ˰һֵٶ
ڰûûӭĽĿ⣬˸Ϊͷ۵顣
һкӵĻƾһεı֣׼ҿͻѽӰ˵λøˡ
ϧǣһŮŮĴеλͱȽϵĵ¡
ȻʳǣҪƿ壬ԵΪˡ
һΰ׼Ҷ漸ϵΪһĿ飬µʱ͵ʱˡ
üѹԵȣ
ʹ֮ǰװװ͸ʯڼɣһԼ׬ľǧˡ
ɾΪŮˣ׼ҵһθһ⡣
ؼҪһʯչԵĿ϶ǰ׼ҺĴ񷻡
ӹɵ飡  úʹ񷻵ľһǷǳļңǵĴӪսǹԵĴС
һƬг㲻Ҳ˵źܴս档
׼Ҳ䣬Ҳ䣬䲻
ҪƽʱĻ϶ǰ׼ҵһ顣
ȻΪһεıʵ̫㣬ڰ׼ڲ˵ˡ
֪ҪһõĻľʧȥ˰׼δ˵λá
ƴΪʲôΪܹ°Ѵ  һĲ뾺ĻôһʼҲκεΪġ
ܣ⳵ǲ
һãҲЩ٩˵
ÿ׿Цһɣﻹʲô̸߰ɣܣ
ҾǸѧɱܵĺװڰЦŵܿ˰õĳ
㲻ܣ˭֮ܳΪܰͲҪǫ˰ܡ
úױϾرϤȻ˿ȥϵǲһʽѡ
ԼѲɲ֮Ĺϵ  һβΪʵûа취ĻʵĲԸڡ
˳ĸʻϣôоСһأ
ƶͣôܻῴأЩԳ˵
ǰԼţ׷ʵ̫̫ˡ
Щ˸Ͻ࣬Դӻ˼׵磬øо֮ĲྐྵȻһֳˡ
ԭЩİãǳһԱߣɫתʵ̫ˡ
ܿ죬˾͵˸һҿȹ档
ܣô㣿
һֱ˵⵹ðЩ˼
Цŵܣ鷳ˡ֪˼ٶϵ֪ܲٶϵһ£֮ǰϡ
䣿
һ˰õ˼ԭǿ˻˼ϵһ䡣
ȷǾĺöܹŪĻǾ൱𾪵ġ
ɫ΢죬ʵҲ֪ͦģֻҪʱ䣬ٶͬĻԸ⻨𡣡
𣡣  һ˵Ļʱ׬൱ջġ
ֻһ㶼ţΪ˼ʵǲǮ
ⶫҲǳеž޴ķյģһⶫ˶˸˵Ļ°׼ҪҲ쳣ѵˡ
׵֪ˣʲôʱҪ
죡
̫żϾǱؼҵǣűߣĹҪôʯ
ԭһɵϾҽˡ
죿㲻ǿЦɣôô
׸оЩ̫ˣʱ䣬Ҫ˼Ҵ̨һ˵ǲɵ
ЩҵһЦΪҲ˵һɣ
ȻҲǶã׻ƣŮ˼һֱǴڵġ
ֻû뵽ڰĴоȻ⽨ͳĸ
ʵϣ֪ǣԽĴԽĴͳ
ڼ̳мⷽȻıŮҪƣΪŮҪˣһҲиյġ
ԣΪ˴²̳Щ˹еĴͳ˼άЩߵʱҲ൱õġ
ʼʵ̫żһЩֻܸϵ˿ǲܹ֤
Ҳҽڲŷ֣ԼܹľȻֻһ֮Եס
ⲻò˵һֱ  ҪΪ֮ǰеŬҲͶ׷ˡ
лл㣬ף
΢΢ҡͷҲӦõġɣչʲôطʱϢĻֱӹȥˡ




133¹ͬĵ
 

ʻչģ  ڽгǽϲǽĴͻģ˾ٰһЩ͵Ļ֮⣬ҲнһЩ׬ȡ졣
ǶڶⶼӪҵĵλҲǵνϸߵĳ֮һ
ؼʵļ֮һȻ붥⻹вСĲࡣ
ˣܹʻչķ֮һչʵҲǲСˡ
һΰؼҵĴ߸ʯչҲǴöڴ񷻵һη
ȻˣøʯչвһЩ֮ҲΪôԼ
磬׼ô˰
سһ׶鲢̫ãԼ˹ĪľôʧˣʧӰ١
绰ҲӣϢҲᣬԼôƽ޹ʵʧˡ
ﰡǸ˵㣬һССĴ㾹Ȼܹ˵ţ
سɸȻЩƣΪ׶ʱسɸճȥأܶҲûü˽⡣
Ϊ֮ǰһᣬҸоرĵùسơ
ԭԼģڼҲԼĸﱸһδʯչˡ
ԼѾʧˣֱ˸ѹơ
еһаЩ޴йζ
سɸ̾һҶأùĺúõģҳһô͡
磬֮ǰ绰ģҾرĶˡ
سᣬһһôǮ㣬ԼѾȻҲ·ˡ
һ˵ˣŮ˲򵥡سɸճ
سﲻмһҶҪһαһһƻˣˣ˹Ǯ֮Ҳˡ
ǸѣҸоҲףӦþǸСɡسɸЦһ
ɲСسЩسɸҡҡͷҲղ˵Ǹһ˭
ʲôҲ֪ǸСӣһͿءҪҿСӵĻҾĲ
سһ뵽ӮǮ֮󣬻ףһ
֪˭سɸճҪ˶ʶ˭ȥ𰡣
ֻ֪һףڸʲôģĲ֪˴Ȧ˻϶ʶ
سΪƵľߣѹҲʶ׵ļһҲ֪ĸðġ
һһ֣Լ͸о
ף
سɸյмһֻ²þ
ʵ̫Ϥˣ  ף֮ǰ  Լа  磬ʶسû뵽Լĸ練Ӧôļҡ
سɸ˵ͬһ˵ĻĿǰ
磬˲֮ǰ˵Ǹֵļһɣ㣿
سƺԼĸҵ˹ͬĻ⣬Ҫ˵õĸ鵹ǲ
һļǱȻˣҪĻǰسԼûʲô
سɸЦһĸƤСˡ֪ĸˣȻϲôСӡ
ڿɲһֱõˣ֪һĳ˭𣿾
سԽԽû뵽һﾹȻԼĳˡ
ǵھǰؼҵĳ˰
СһҪúõŪǾҸŪسɸЦһ
سڻȶȹΣ˵ɣڵıֶоСһεʯչǶԸһο飬ʵҲǡ
ҵȻ֪ΣȻǼΣõĻͬʧء˵Ҳ׼ʯչ
سɸյϢ൱ͨû뵽׼ҵָܹơ
سҵû˵˵ˣҪʯչûаµĳﱸܰ
Ѿȷˣ˵ͬһ죬죡ҸղŻչĵȷˣǵʯչȻҲڻչ档
سɸյɫѿ˼㣬֮ǰµǿȻð׼ҵ˸ӡ
ʱ϶вٵ˹ǴһҶĻǹЧӦȻǷǳĲ
ɵʱ񷻺һӵĻμʯչˣǿԿؼҵĶͬҲԿ׼ҵĶ
׼ǲҪسƵ˵
û£ٺ٣ȻҪˣҾǶ˶׺ˡسɸ¶һ˿Ц
س￴ԼĸһӣҲЩϲʵ磬ǲҵö˰
ʯչƴľϡ䱦һʯ  ҪȻʲô  Ҳ֪Ҫʯչ񷻵ĵҲ֪һٺ٣Ϊǰ׼ʲôöһҿǶ˲ٵĹϵŪ˺üö
سɸ˵˵ʮĵط




134¸ܵ
 

سԼĻ֮еʮ㡣
һӾ˺ܾúܾˣҪҵһ㲻ףȻһ׼ҲҪķҪĻôҲˡ
ؼҵʵҪȰ׼ǿܶ࣬Ҳǲô񷻵һԭ
ؼҵĲҵҲռݰٷ֮ʮңȴ׼ҵȫ
Ҳ˵ǰؼ𣬿ǰȴ䲻
׺Ͱý̸һ֮󣬾뿪˿ȵ꣬δѧУǻصһŹݡ
ѧУҲûʲô飬ڻǾѵڼ䣬ҲûбҪһֱѧУ
˼ӵ׵ĵ绰û˵Ͱ֮ǰõס
Ϊʯ֮ǰ͸רҵʦȥƷʵҲǸոճá
һεһĸ׵ûжҪֻҪһˡ
Ķ룬ԼһӦҲǹˡ
һɵҩ׿϶ǲóģʯϵȷ൱Ķࡣ
µԼʼģŪ˲ٵĶ
ʲôĸ̡֬񰡣ЩĶϾȻǲҪǮһá
ȻˣҲ֪ʲôʿɶֹǰæѡ
ֻҪܹɹһεѹؾˣ⵱ȻҲǳѵԵġ
˶Դѻû˵Ȼ㲻ʲôѣҲǹѹİɣ  ڶһ磬ʻչġ
ԭǴ߿һʯչڽһĴõ
ȻˣһδôҪΪ֮ǰ񷻴ѹ̫ˡ
˱ĻᣬôܷŹأ
һεʯչؼǾĳﻮ˰µʱŸˮġ
ǿǰ׼Ҿ׼Ĺ׼ʲôأ
ʻչģȻ̸˳ӿҲǲ١
ΪʯչҲӵһ飬ҰؼһĶһЩ
ҲЩ˷룬ǾٰʯչĵطֺͰؼһ⵹ҲΪѡ
ϲһξͿȥˣ  ãǰ׼һǲҪǴøʲôǾѧʲô֪ܣ
س￴þЩһĸоһھǼӡ
ÿŰسЦһѲʯ綼ǰؼҸ˲ɣǺЦ
㡭سüԣЦһѼӲ
ǰؼʲôö֪ܲ𣿺ߡ
˿سĴ̼Ϊ֮ǰѾ׼ˡ
س֮ǰԼϳԿˣ϶Ƥ㹦ˡ
ȻˣԼҲϣһǰ׼ҾٰʯչᣬȫΪ·硣
س￩һЦãǰؼûкöҲ֪ǰ׼ҿ϶ûʲôö
ߣƣ
лûʲôȥϵ˼ɵҲûиϢ
س￴ŰǽģЦһǲ˼һỹƣǻʯϼ°ɡ
ʲô˼
ø׼뿪س˵ʵ
سЦһҿ׻ʯЭĸ᳤ϣ
ϣ
Ȼ֮ʦҲʵȻʯ̩ɽʯ֮ˡ
سﾹȻ˶ˣҪʲô  سٺЦʲôһ֪ˣʱҪ˵Ǵ񷻳׵̧ͷ
˭˭
Űسô㣬ñһмӣȴһ˿õԤС
ڼ׸һϢûУӦڻ˼ٶǱܴˡ
Ļô߿϶ָˡ
ֻܹϣԼĸ곽ˡ
׼ҵչڣ  ׼εƶˣõүү׳Щϵ˽
үү
ÿԼүү˽ӭȥҪ֪׳׼Ҷ˵һġ
׳ֻ΢΢ͷÿһοõʱĶһ֮С
ҪǸеĻİðˡ
ֻϧǸŮޣ
׳һǳͳˣȨ˼뻹Ƿǳصġ
׳¶һ˿΢Цð׼ô˰
үү˵һǿƴؼˡҲʵʵ˵һΨһֻ֮ǰϵõʯˡ
ȻǰֵģҼ۸Ϊİ󣬿һƴʲô  ƴĲϡкͰ  ؼбԼȴǲִ׼У
ҲҪ̫ѹ
׳⿴Űһŵӣֻǵ˵
ǣүүǡøҪ׼˵Щʲô׳ԱһʮµЦһãһǿɲð
ѫվ˵ۣ
һݰһİѫЩһ񷻵Ļû񷻾͵ˡ
ѫȻһЦүүһҪ˵ĻԺǴڴõĸǰɾ̧ͷ˰




135°׼ҵѹ
 

׳ɫЩѿȷѫ˵
񷻺ʹþô꣬һֱǴ·磬Ǵ񷻵·߲ԡ
õľʵԶڴ֮ϣһжΪаؼҵ֧֡
һԭ׳ⲢûöŸɣΪûκϣ顣
ôɵĻþҪλ  ĵĽǶ׳ⲢϣλϣԼλ
Ȼֹѫһӣɰ׳ȴѫ谮мӣټϰѫһƨĹһ԰׳ϲĺܡ
ǰ÷ǳĳڣõ˵֧֣Ҫλ¾¡
׳һҪð֪ѶˣʵһҲϣԼԼһ
һչлܴõĻǼǰѼλôҲδɡ
׳ĵԥٳһβִٵʯչᡣ
һоԼЩ֮ˣֱ⣬ŰòѪ˿۾Լǲˣ
еǣ߾֮
ԼŮĻΪʲôܹѼ齻أ
ĹĵĿŰѫԼøҲˡ
ʲô鶼ָֻŵıµ൱
Цһб¾ҪõĻҲ̭֣𣿡
ҡ
ѫһЩƿԣĲңý֮Цˡ
˵׼һеĻ϶ǲݰɫΨһܹ˿۵Ļǰˡ
Ȼˣõĸ곽ӪҲǿԣȾμˡ
׳ˣѫã㲻ҲͰˣ䳰ȷġ
׳ĿдһЩǸ⣬ǱԼıƵλϵġ
ҪȻĻĿǰĿ˳ɼǼ̳˼λãҲû˸˵
ɼ˵һУ
ֻԼһЩ˽ѡ
ѫԼүүŭһ㶼ǵүү˵һ׻ʯЭĺϱؼҵˡ
ϣҲˣ
׳ˮرĵģΪһһˮƽˡ
ֻǰؼʱΪ  ѫүүҲǸո˵һΰؼΪĢ́ͷȻҪһʯ
ʯ
׳бһ˿ľ⣬һеԵɡ
ÿŰ׳үүҸղҲس˵ˣӦԵһЩöһεʯչ¾ǷĻᡭ
ǰ׼ҵİӡһûвչ׳ʱڲҴ֪ѾûκεıҪˡ
үүӡǰ׼ҵ洫֮׿ɲİ
ѫЩˣҪǰӡóĻʱ⹦Ϳɶǰõˡ
ǻʲôأ
һҪֹķ
ЩϲĿŰ׳үүӡ֮ǰˣɡ
׳⿴һ۰ѫ̴绰֣Ѱӡ͹
үү
ѫɫѿ˼㣬ӡһʱõĳɾһֹ
ԲҪ鷢ӡҲüƷĺɣҿǹŶĶˡ
׳ѲҪǰ׼Ҷ˲ɣ
׳ȻЩ˽ģʱӣҪ˴õĻǵʱʧĿɲĳˡ
񷻣  񷻵ҵҪϲȥĻܿͱôѹΪ˴񷻵δһҲƴ  ӡȻ洫֮ʱҴŵĻǵʱδ棿
ѫִǴǵϣȻ͸
׳һ̾Ϣһ˵İԼһΣı֣ʵоһĺ
ѫûκεİ취ֻô绰Լĸף֪Լĸ׿϶ʱġ
Сһľ˵ļңȫǸȨĽ
˭Ҫأ  úͰ곽˭λѫ˵һв
׳⿴˿õð֮ǰŪǸѪʯأ
үүѾˣѪʯеļƷ۸Ҳ൱İ뼴ǰؼһЩöܹ͸ѪʯȵҲɣ
ⷽȻǲҲ˽ˣҪ֮ǰĸ̻ڵĻǾͺˡ
ֻϧʱԼҲûôǮԵĶ
£ɣ
׳ԼҲ֪Ҳֻܹˡ
ڵЩԼ֮ǰľٶһ
ԼѾǱؼҵǣűˣڲľѾӰ쵽ķչ
ԼΪһ֮ʵŲжεġ
үүһѰæֻڻûʲôš
Ҳһƣ׵ڶûиϢôܹżأ




136еĴ
 

ѣ
׳⿴ŰҲȼһ˿ϣһ鶼ûĻǳʧ
ʵ֮ǰİϣ׳оɷָһЩ
һζҲһĿ飬ʵ׳Ҳ֪ЩѶȡ
ֻѶȲѶȵ˵ӦЩʲôɣ
ѫЦүүʶʲô˰˵ˣʯչֻвʮӵʱˣȻһѶûУҿһ㶼ס
ǰãҪȻ绰ʣ׳⿴Űõ
óѾ˼˵ˣ˼˵ɹ˵ʱֱӴɹĻǾˣ
˼˼֪ˣѫм˵
ĻⱻӦ˵ˣõȵ
ÿŰѫѫ㲻æ㲻ҪߵңвУ
ǣûУһ쵽Żأ
ڰѫıһߺͰѫ̫˹
ÿˣǰһ磬˰
үү
ǰõĸ곽˰׳⣬Ҳǰ˸к
׳⿴˿곽΢΢ͷ곽һֱûп
ѫ̷ģҲ֪Ǽô飬ã˦ƹ񣡣
˦ƹ˦ƹĲ֪˳˵Ҷʲôã
곽ͰѫֵܣϵһͷǳĲãѾˮݵĵزˡ
ҪȻĻҲһӵġ
׳ǵѾЩϰΪˣ϶һֻ۱һֻ۵ġ
ƺЩ׳ⶼʲôʱˣŽǶԺ𣿡
Щɸ֣
ҪгϢĻ׳ԼҲڰĺͿ³
ˣҲǺڲѡ
곽үү֮ǰҸ˵ҵһһѪ񱭣
Ѫ񱭣ǿǺö
׳ɫһϲѪ񱭣ڼǵİӡĻǾҲĲԩˡ
ǰ˵ˣһν죬Ҫ𡣡곽ɫ̫ÿ
ôȥѫоԼǮ˸һ
׳΢΢֮򣬼۸ҲǺʡ
үүЩԾۣǿɲ
ѫһǮһʵð곽Ͱһ̫⡣
׳ѫͿǴ񷻵ҪҪ
ǣ֪椵ˣʲôʶ곽Цһ
׳ⰵ̾һڲ˵ĲгҲ֪Լ֮Ҫϵļҵܳʲôء
¶ϲɫ磬ллˡ
֮ʲô곽΢΢һЦ
ȻҲϣԼ̳д񷻵²Լü̳еĻʵǿҲܹܵġ
Բϣѫ˼̳м壬Ļʱ֮ġ
ˣ
ÿ9һѾӿ˲ٵˡ
úʹʯͬʱٰʯչһʢ
ܶʯҲĽҪ֪ʵۺӪȻкõĶ֡
ͬʱڽʻչĿչⲻǴ̨ʲôأ
׳΢΢ͷʩһҪǿЩһӦ֪ġ
ЦŵߵװڷװڵģûκεĿԱ͵ߡ
һȻ֪ҲųĿԡСΪϵĺá׳ͷʵڰһ飬ҲǱȽϵķĵġ
λ𾴵쵼λлҹٴʯչλչɴ죬˰سɸա
سɸһɫȥҲ˹˹ġ
ߵչҪһЩÿһʯ涼һź첼š
Ե쳣أҲŲٵڴС
һ˶ڴĿ⿴Űسɸա
۰׼ߣԵ˲١
һһκܶ˶ǳŴõʯչģ񷻵ʯչʱ⡣
һЩ˵ߵĻ֪Ҳطʯչ
ʯչʼˣضȻһ
Ȼ׼ĸӳһЩһЩ齱ĻڶѾ׼ˡ
񷻴ҴҶܶطûλ
ñϾᣬܶ鲢ܹɹġ
س￴Űõɫ쳣ѿԶѾ¶һ˿ʤ΢Ц
ʯչʼ׻ʯЭḱ᳤ϡ
سɸմһ˿ζЦݿ˿곽ͰõˣѫʱԿ˰ѫЩ




137ʵڵĺ
 

ʻչڣС
ܶ˶ƷͷǱʯЩʯϱȽϺġ
ÿһʯļֵǰ򼶱ϣʢ൱ĺ
ҲֻдúʹʵܹһӼ֮ĺö
ϣЩʯ
سɸЦſһλˣһ顣
Ͽȥʮӣװȥи֮ࡣ
СذǴͺҹĻҿھͿԻȥˡ
϶ЩΪΪ׻ʯЭĸ᳤ʲôûм  һΰسɸ˵ǵʯչвٵĺöҲһʯĳߣ͹ˡ
ǰЩĻȻܲվ벻ķۡ
ϣỹʯһ飬λʯ̩ɽϷȻҪѹ˰
سɸЦһԼĶ൱š
Ȼһ˺ܴĴۣκεĴ۶ֵõġ
ֻҪ񷻸ŪȥʱÿɾһҶ
һƻǾȴѹ񷻣УȻʼչ񷻵Ĺɷݡ
Ŀǰ񷻵Ĺɷгϵķǳϡ٣ǵҵ½вĻǾͲһˡ
ϵ۾΢ţŰسɸյһٵһˣ
سɸЦŵϣһи֮룡
ֻҪкöҿĶû⡣ЦʱһȴİߵС
سɸȻ˽ϵƢԣһڰļƻʵʩ
سɸŬŬϣӦҲ֪һδҲ߾ٰʯչ
˵ʵҴ絽˽֪ġʼ
Ҳ֪񷻺ǴòͣʱǶ೤һۣҪǰسɸʲôҪĻѰˡ
ϣȻ񷻺ǴһٰʯչҾҲǸԵ֣˵һδǱҲŲٵĺö˵ӡ
سɸһİѺһӡʱǴ˼Ѫһ˷
ӡǰ׼ҵ洫֮ҲóչЩŵʵ
񷻲ûоٰʯչ֮ǰļξٰǳĳɹɾǴ֪İӡԵ˼档
ٺ٣ҸղѾյ˿ɿϢسɸշǳŵ˵
׼ǱʱĶû뵽سɸվȻѾָƣֱ̫ˡ
ν֪֪˰սسɸν֪֪ˡ
СأǺ⣿
Ͽ˿سɸЩɻʵ
˵׼һóӡĻôؼӦĻŲŶ԰
ӡǿǰʮλĺöһĶıȲ˰
û˵ؼʲôöЩɻˡ
ѲɰؼԼŰɣҪԼȥ׼ӡ
ϣһǰؼҴһŵʱ׼ҿ϶ҲμӵġسɸΪŵ˵
νʵϾǱһ˭Ķã˭Ķ
˵ˣһЧӦ
ͬʱҲ֮ʵ⣬ڱҲ൱Ҫġ
úʹ񷻱Ϸƽ˾ⱳʵѾʼˡ
Ǻǣ֮ǰûи˵ɣҪ֪ѿɲͰ΢΢һЦ
ϣļǰؼҡسɸΪһδѹ׼Ҳƴˣ׼ۡ
ϵǰڰֵܹҿӡǰʮλĺöĻҲҪҲա
棿
سɸ¶ϲɫҪȻϵļĲ֪ӦôҪǸˣԼҲ۰
Ȼǧ˵رۣɲǲۣ˭ԼǮడ  Ϸ˵ġ
Լĺ΢΢һЦͷҲǸʵˣԿóȷһʯ֮ˡ
ϣҿ֤ӡ϶ԿõҲԼұ֤һǰ׼ҲóӡߵĶ϶Ҳʧģ
سɸһǶ¶ԭĿģҲ߬źöء
ϱĿһ۰سɸյӡӦ֪ʲôʱɲҪʯͷԼĽŰˡ
ٺ٣ῪЦôĴأʱܻܲܰ׼ңҲǿʵ˵ġ
سɸȻӡļֵôƶĸϿڡ
Ҳһ˿˿ɻһҪҲкöĻⶫӦٺͰӡһġ
ɼͬĶҲܹӮ˰ӡɣ
«浽ʲôҩ
Ȼ˿Ͽƽˮ
ҽܹһӿʮаеĺöĻһûа  ʱһһĹȥ᳡ԽԽ࣬İԱ˵дʯʱ׼ӿ볡ڡ
ڽʻչļΪˣΪȷȫֻܹܶLEDĻǰۿֱʢ
ˣҲԽԽ࣡




138յİؼ
 

ʮʮ˷֣
ԭʯչƷͷˣŰسɸյһε̨
Ϊ˶֪ϷҪˡ
λλѣǴܹڴչʾǴصһЩʯ֪һ벻ҪһЩأ
سɸյǺܻգЦʵ
룡
µ˾ǿֲ´Űسɸյ˵ǣȻȻӦˡ
ãΪܹҴܶӾϵĳǴһβϧѪĸҴ˾к䶯Чĺö
سɸЦԴ߬ŵĺö
һԵİسҲվһԣԶİãһֱˬĸо
һ˶ǻڴĿ⿴Űسɸա
˿ɶʯߣȻҲ֪񷻺ʹ֮Ĺϵ
ҪǲĻԼЩˡ
سڰسɸ˵껰֮Ҳ˻ͲȻ˵ǴóͬʱҲҪҵͬһͬĽĿ֪˵òð
ã
ǿͷˣԭѾ˼׼񷻶Ÿˡ
ڴҾͿŴ񷻽в˰  ׳һֱڹעߵá곽Ͱѫǹɵĸš
СһŴõչ˹Ȼ˷սôвӦսĵأ
˸׼ҵļÿһ·׳ŰسɸյԱ˹ȥ
ӴǣϣһδЩ̫ʦ˰ɣȻ϶Գˣ
سɸյ˼ǳԣǰ׼û𣿾ȻͷӶˡ
׳΢΢һЦǴ񷻷¶ΪΪľǸλ˿ͽ߾ȫ⣡
ǣϻǻ˵ȻˣҾͲٲҴˡϣŰӦòİɣ
سɸտŰ׳⣬ʼմһ˿Цݣֱ°سɸȻ൱ĵλ
ϣ˰Ǻǣ׳⳯źϵͷЦŵϰװҿǵҴк˺þ˰
׳΢΢׵ֳҲʺɣҪɵĻշ
ʵҲ֪Լؼ׼ҵ˿϶ǲ˵ġ
سͰ׳˺˼֮ͲλʽʯչͷϷʼ
ܣʲôͷϷѲкöɣһ˳溰
ȻͷϷȻкöˣسɸ΢΢һЦ
˵ܣȻúʹһˣҿֳʤˡʡҲ֪˭ҵʵǿ˭ҵʵ
˵ˣôǸУ
õɫЩѿسɸռֱ㣬Ǹ֮ǰǼһģǰؼҹ˾һв㡣
û뵽װ˴βǣȻǾ˾Ĳ߻ġ
ǺǣǴúʹһǶҵڵѺú飬λҵǾЩ˼
سɸ΢΢һЦԼðس￴һۡ
س̻ЦЦǴôǧ꣬ŸλҲ֪Ǵõʵ˵񷻣Ӧʱûкһϸµʵɣ
سʲô˼Ǵ۴гֵǴ棬Ҫʤһ㻹ǡ
ԭҪ˵۾˵ϹģôˣӲİ仰ȥˡ
سﻹǹŵģ˴֮ͥ¾Ȼ˵һֱĪķﰡ  ȻС㲻Ļֵֻܹ¼ˡȻиʤǲǵиͷأ
سΪһŮ˵ʲôֵĻҲû˵ʲôġ
ЩԥԼүүߵĻôһ嶯ľܹӦ
ԼүүߣԲô嶯ġ
׳⿴һ۰سͰسɸյǴʲôʹˡ
سɸһߣ̾ͲȻүǺλλղŰү˵ˣ˭ӮһεôһҪرڽеŵꡣ
㡭
׳ЩʧɫĿŰسɸգֲСӸղŸԼ˵ʱ򣬹ѻͲ˺档
طûлͲĻǻʲôġ
үү
õ˾׳ͰسɸҲе룬ȷԲܴԼүү˵
׳ɫ൱ѿʱѾﻢˡ
Ѿǳ˺ڣҪǾð񷻵Ļôⲻʲôû  ҪǹرսеŵĻǿǽʮŵ갡
ҽΪһĴУһսߵĺôԤδһʲôӵġ
үӣôɶذղ˵ĻҪڰɣִҪڵĻСȻҲܶ˵ʲôġ
سɸ˹ĿŰ׳ЦŵѾεƿžơ




139Σİ
 

Ϊ񷻵ƶˣ׳Ҳû뵽ԼȻᱻһСǣűߡ
еŵ꣬ʲô  ŵɲ׬ȡôļ򵥣ʵϽȫİͼУЩʱҪʵġ
񷻰ѽеŵ궼˵Ļôʱ֪
񷻵֪ȡڱ¾ͻһǧɣҪȥһµĻǲ̫ˡ
οڽӵʮĻԱܹʧԴ  Խ죬ô˵棬ԼȻؼҵһСسɸˡ
⻹һˣֱǰ·ϱƣ  ׳ԭЦݵɫһ濴ֵǰˣҲʵĸܵâա
׳⿴ŰسɸյСӣֶΰ
үӣо仰˵ĺãǰˣǰɳ̲سɸʼմ΢ЦĿŰ׳⡣
˿ȥڽʲôĽһ㡣
׳΢΢ߵҴڽмʮŵ꣬ǴӦúҲࡣ
ҰؼҾǾͳӮ˾Ͷ׬㣬Բԣ
سɸνʵǽԼʵĻϣѾǰѰ׼еĵƶһˡ
سɸգСˣģ곽Űسɸŭӵ
곽һǿ㣬ǰ׼һʸ˵ҲͰһֻϧǰ׼Ů
سɸպòֱܻ̰׳֮Ϊһ档
׳аûڣԼһֱ飬û뵽ȴѾָơ
곽Ҫ˵һԵİŰ곽磬ѣ֮һ
سɸĴָãΪоϧ
ҵͲˣ㻹ǲĲԼɣ
үӣղŵ鲻֪ӦǲӦҪǴӦĻʹʹĸ仰ҪǲӦĻҲʹʹĸ仰
سɸպٺһЦڵİ׳ﻢ¡
ҪǴӦؼҵĻһҪˣô񷻵¾Ҫˡ
ӦؼҵĻô񷻵Ҳ
׳һоϵĴܶ࣬һԥˣ˿֮ȫǺ飬֪Ӧô顣
үү
ÿŰسɸͱ˵ƣҲŭ죬ɱϾûоȨ
׳⿴ŰãȻһͷԥƬҰ׳μһεʯչʵһҪ
үӣ«ʲôҩ
سɸЩƵĿŰ׳⣬ʱͷйʲô飿  ƨˣ취⣬й߳Ƥء
һδúʹ񷻵ʯչҲڶý౨ϾֵɰǧǺܶϲעĶ
ӵʵĺûᣡ
ҪŪʲôŵĻǸӵˣ
׳񷻼޹˾»оɰøܲõδ񷻼޹˾³ܲãȫȨŹ˾ˡ
ϢǱըԵģ
Ϊ˵й˾Ҳܵ˲˵Ĺעһֱ׳ذϢǾҲǱըԵŰ  سɸպͰس˻࿴˿ͷӻܸ鰡
ʱ飬׼ʲô  үү
һôҲû뵽ʱԼүүȻ顣
һԵİѫǵɴ۾үү㲻˵δǸλøҵôܸأôܸأ
׳⿴˿ѫ΢΢̾һѫһֱΪԳ죬һֱ㶼첻
úúãǾ͵ؼҰɣѫ򵨱˵ܣǵĺЧǰɣ
سɸһ㶣һǸɵӰɣԼǰģֻамֵ
һ﹫Ȼ˵ôʲôļֵأ
ֻǵô˵棬سɸҲֱ˵ɵɣȻǸɵ棡  ׳һһԵİ곽ϽǰţԿóүЩѪӿˡ
ã齻ɣүүˣǱϢһɣ
׳ƺЩ֧ŲסϵĴЩƣԼεȴǵһԼˡ
ãȻүȥϢˣǰ׼ˣǽҿϰɣ
سɸһЦҪνľơ
㲻ҪѧԼҲһʲôʯչ㲻ҪԼһ
ڼȻһ飬ô˾ͱҪʵ˰
磬ҹҲǻļβߵְɣǻǲҪĹ˿͵ʱء
س￴Ű¶һ˿Ĳмʵĸϣ񷻴Ӧ
ֻҪӦͺðˣ  ÿһ۰سɸյ㵽ף




140ʼ
 

ã
سɸͲһһδܲˡ
һܹһٽ񷻳׵ļĻǴδķչžԵġ
õɫ̫ÿŰسɸǰŹϲ곽Щǵ˵ס׶û°ɣ
磬֮ͲҪôˣӦӦһεΣ֣ó
ߵѪʯѾλˣӡүүղ˴˵绰ĿǰӦѾλˡ곽
֮ǰϣԭʯ̺ĸѪʯðؼҺһˡ
ԴҰο˵ʵ֮ΪƵľס
һ֮ǰ˵ҪģɵʯչĻôʱ䣬ȻһѶûС
ڰÿ϶뻪˼֮⣬Ҫôǻ˼Ͻ趫
ԼûʲôӣȻͷˣ  ɾﲻæôҲ绰ʾһ°ɣھȻһ绰ûУһҲǲס
ԭÿǰϣ׵ϣʱüȲؼҲûʲô
ڲһˣҪǱȲؼҵĻʱù˿ɾͲĳһˡ
񷻴ӴԺڴõǰ¾̧ͷˡ
Կʼ𣿡
һԵЩȻ֪浽׷ʲô
Ǻֲɵӣһ˵ĵǶá
ȻƴˣǽóĶ¾Ҫ˴۽ˡ
ʯĽλҪ׸òˡ
سɸ֮ǰһֱڽźͰ׼ұƴĹʵҪΪ˸Щġ
ʱ׼ҵҪ˲ĻеЩǰȥ֡
ʱƤĲߣǶҲǶˣЩȻҲ˵ġ
ƴʽʼһ֣߾ʤƣ
سɸŻͲ˵ʵӡ
Χ۵൱˷ܣ֮ᣬ۸Ŀ϶˰
߾ʤ
õɫѿ˼㣬ܹõóֵҲ߾ʤ²̫ʵ
еܹӮˣǿҲδܹӮ
׶ңʯòɣĻҾΪˡ
سɸ䳰ȷӣ˿һҪĳ嶯һûа취
Цһ˭˵òģߣʼɣ
˿̵İҲѾһ˿˿ľһۣ˵ĻԺе˰
ؼʦϣԼλһʦ
˾վڰسɸյԱߣһߵĺǴ˳Ŀķȥ
طԭûκѹģоԼѹҲı
񷻺ʹѾǾˣ̵ĵز
콫˭ܹڽ㣬˵Ϻʹûд񷻵Ĺϵ
һ֮ǰ֪ҲҪڽʻչľٰʲôʯչ
ڵѾﻢ£ڼҲΪӡȾ
ص֮£һ˼ȥĶ
ԼҲǲһʦѣԼıְʲôأ  ҶȥҲûаëǮĹϵѲɴ񷻽쵹ˣԼûз
˵ˣӵаӡȾ䣬ǵˣҲжɽʱġ
񷻺ʹýеһֱԣҷϸԵ
˾һεڵЩ˼ˡ
곽˿سɸյˣȻֿ˿õãõóֵĲҪȻҿóһöθͷ
õͷǿ϶ģʵҲûбҪ񻰴ãǵĺöҲδؾкܶࡣӦöðɣ
ã˼ǵһֿ϶̫õģǾǸѪʯƳɵɣļֵǳһǧ򰡣
곽ȻҲǺЩϢسɸյ˸ˡ
ֻûзֵǣسɸյֻȴһֱȫλļأһߵһһǵƿ֮С
ԼҲˣʯչ϶Ҫͽʻչֱӹҹġ
˵õ˹ʱûпǹЩ
ǰسɸյȴѾǰЩǽȥˣб
ýһҲ֮ǰƶϵõǸѪʯƳɵȥ
Ȼˣ涼úɫ˿ϵģΪľǷֹһ͵
ֻϧǣѾǱسɸŪڹ֮С
PSɱʮ£лλֵ̧ܵ




141Ȱһ
 

ϯ̨ǰϵλʦĸǰɫ̣ȥޱȡ
Ҫ֪ϷõĶ϶ǧ򼶱ϵĶʱڿɫ̣ҲǸ֮ˡ
ûע⵽ǣʱѾվȺ֮Уʵһʱˡ
ʱлһӣ֪˻Ϊʲôء
ʵˣǿһֱæµҲûдŰá
żĻἰʱĴ绰ԼģڿƺһЩ鷳
֪ʵ֮ҲһԸǿˣ֮ǰĵȥףѾǿȺˡ
׸ԼģʱôȥҴ̼أ  ׾ʹŲֵĻǾԲκε뷨ģԲܸ״һ绰ġ
ԸҲĸԣյĽôģֻܹʱ˰  Ѿ׳ʿ׼ˣгȻҪ
Ѿ̶ȣǼ廹ԼǾԲڴõĸǰ档
οǲһĻᶼûв  ٴǻһЩģֻЩܲܺúõİסǸδ֪  ƿǴ񷻵ĸӣһɫʹʵءȡɫĴȵȷ濴Ѿ˾̾ˡ
ϣ⡭Ǻ챦ʯеļƷѪ챦ʯһֵӦòǧ򣡣
һԵһʦҲһǧ򰡣  ൱ţƣҪ֪ȴȵĶѾǱȽϵĺˡ
޲ڵ˵񷻵ⶫȷ൱Ĳһ־ôľʣ벻
ǰϣһ־Ȼܹ˰Ķǡ
ʦҲǼΪʦһ˭ҪһЩöأ  кܶһӵļʦͷֵϵĺöû
һʦҲеģҲеǧ򼶱Ǽҳ㷹һҲڡ
ʱʻչģ˼Χϯ̨ǸLEDĻ
ΪʻչʵںܴԶҪϯ̨ϵǲܵ顣
ʱǾͱҪϯ̨ǸLRDˡ
ǷĹЧʦҲǲϵԶͽл
ǵöֵһ̣һĽĳ˵ĸǰ
žͷϵķŴ˼ס˺
Ѫɫڵƹӳ£̫һ㣬ôҫۡ
̫ˣ
֪˭ߺһ֮󣬺ܿһһľϵ
ϺλһʦĻȻҲǿõġ
Ͼϯ̨λϣרŸ䱸˻Ͳ
ǧǰһСС
ν޼ۣҲɡ
ϣһֿҪεͷ˰һԵһһʦЦ
ϵҲ΢΢һЦĿǰҪҲûκεĿԣǶúܰ
ѪȷǺɲûУ

ԭҪ˵ɵ˾ǰѴõƿʱѾ̲סһ¡
⡭ϣⲻǡ
һԵһһʦѾЩɵˣΪǿ𾪵һĻ
ҿ
ҲЩվǷʲôЩ˼ĻҲվġ
ź϶һ˵ҲǼȻⶫͷҲǲС
ϸĶţǬ¡İû뵽쾹ȻܹƷհ
ϣȷһԵһһʦʵ
سɸϣûбҪɺϵרҵɣǬ¡ʱڵİǿҰؼϴġ
Űؼҵ곯λ˳ԭⶼҪ׷ݵǬ¡ү˰ƷĿǰг۲ܵǧ򣡣
ϸĴҲǷǳпϵģǧǾ򲻵ģ۸Ҳʮֵĺ
ʵϺϸ۸֮ǰĸѪʵĿҲ϶֮ǰĶûá
ȷǹİƷĻȻǰĸѪʺˡ
ڵȵľۺʵȵľ˭Ķ۸ߡ
ţ۸Ȳ˼ңǲҲǰ׳
û뵽ؼһʼóѹ׵Ķһжʧĸо
ʱڵһһεѹͷһɼȲĸоѴȫӿ
֪ôȥĻִ񷻾ͻܶ飡
ǵʱҪĴ۾̫ˣ
˴ò˵ʱ޷֮ա
ûз֮գǵȫֳ֮ư




142֮
 

ǣһȫ  òɵӣȻ֪ϵ
ȻһΪʤĽȻؼҰεͷҲ˵ǾʤңԶһ
ֻмܹϣʤȻóĵһѾǹܴɡ
곽վ˰õ󣬶˿̰׳ҲѾߡ
ղҲǲʧ̬Կȥһ¡
Ҫ֪سɸһСϷˣ൱ơ
Ƽתֱ£Ѿǹ˲ʲôˣΪ񷻵ĸˡ
׳ԼĵȷЩˣؼʱڣȻԼ˸˦ƹ񣬰еѹԼŮ
˿̣ԼҲһ졣
ðʵҲûʲôǴô꣬Ҳͦ𣿡
׳һʧ䣬֪ʱԼҪοһԼŮ
ʵ֪õҲ֪õǿ󣬿ɱҪİοҪġ
õ൱ĳ죬ʱû¶ʲôõ飬ǰο˰׳үүûµģҲûлᣡ
ǵڶֱϰӡҲⶼӮһ֣ǴҪ䣬ҲðؼӮܲУ
˵ĻһսɳĽɱϵƣһжܹġ
ڶֺܿı㿪ʼˣ  һֱܹһӡҪ֪ӡϡ֮ﰡ  ˾ǽĶȥ֮󣬺һεѡд˴ߡ
ӡ
һͨϾɫӣڿǷ״ѾԶ϶Ķˡ
ʲôϣǰӡȻǷƷ
ǰʵأղžѾǲܱˣӡҼǵúʮУھŰɣ
ǰӡݴǵɱ񽫾֮ֻҲ޷֤
ô˵ⶫ϶ֵǮĺܣǷǳֵǮ
һԵһһ˵ţЦŵϷһҲʮ˰ǰͼƬϿǹ˰ˣ
ϣһֿ׼һʤ˰һԵĻƼʦЦŵ
ʼĻӦʤ
ϲ֪ΪʲôһָоһƺЩͬѰζ档
ô˵ڶ˵ҪúõԼʹ
ӡĶ֮Щķ
ɵƿõ̵ʱ򣬺ƺЩ𾪵ֱӴλվ
ʺ֮
Щŵ۾ǻʺ֮ĻǿǹĶ˰  ݴʺ֮֮ʧٲˣû뵽Ȼط
سɸտźһ𾪵ģһЦǺǻʺ֮
˼飬ǲ˼鰡
һλЩˣͷûʲôܹõ  ԭΪӡˣȲʤȯˡ
û뵽سɸյ˾Ȼ׼ôõĶӦ԰׼ң˵ŲΪ֮Լ¶ˡ
ϣһ֡
سɸھҪ׵Ļܰ׼ңģѹҲܡ
̵ʺͬʺ֮󤻢ťʺ֮һʤûʲôˡڶʤ
׳ɫɷףһĵһ㡣
ǰúͰ곽ŵĻҪһͷԵڵˡ
곽үүʤ˱ҳ¡
׳ĿЩͣ̾һû뵽񷻾ȻҰ׳Уǻڰ
үӣҪע尡˻˸ûˣǿɾͲ̫˰
سɸЦг˺ݶ֮ɫ
һԵİسߣԺҪǴһԨٺ٣ԺǴ񷻾еˣ
ǻףѾ֮ڿǵôǣٺ٣ǵһҪǿǰؼԵĺ
سɸ¶ԼʱıĿѾһˡ
ɫҲ쳣ı䣬Ӹо֪ôճ
ԭΪ䣬Ҳǿˣ  ҲڶǴ񷻵ˣ洫֮ӡóȻ飡
ʲôʸͰؼҵվ̨أ  Űؼõ䳰ȷѾˡ
ȲˣȾͲҪ˷ʱˣҹǴҲûʲô˰
سɸպٺЦ֪񷻳ǸʲôѪ֮⣬ѾûκεĶܹõóˡ
ȣΪʲôȣ
ʱһϴӴӵһ֣ûܹϵó˭
ǰҲ֪ԭһˡ




143
 

һ£  ˶ÿһ·ԭܶ˶Ϊ񷻱ѹƵѾЩ̧ͷˡ
û뵽Ϊ鵽Ϊֹʱ򣬾Ȼµķת
һȥһϴȻͳϯ̨˹
˭֪ʲôط𣿡
سɸû뵽˸ܳңɫ൱ѿ
ÿŰسɸЦһѣôˣ
û뵽ǰ׼һ֪ȱߣȻǾķڷ
سɸЦһԭҲûдŹ񷻲  ϿǰľҲ΢΢ҡͷ̳ս˰  ɺʹõѾǹͰȻˡ
سɸպͰسЦȥüͷչ˿
ףôųְ¶һ˿ЦݵЩϣ˲  ȻҲ֪ĿǰϣǺܴ
ϣǺܴûϣⱾ
ʼܣҿͽˣһֱڵٻءֻһֱƺܶû˰ɣ
ҡ
ƵĿףԼ绰ԼһѶûкòã  ׶ô˵ʵҲ֪ԼӦô绰һµġ
ˣȲЩˣӮ飡Цŵ
Ӯǣ
ԭѾЩİ׳ô˵һ˾
׿˿׳ЦŵүӺá
⡭λǣ׳⿴˿ʵ
õүүҸ˵ܡ
û뵽ܾᡭ
׳ʵҲ֪֮ǰƶ˵׵ˡ
һõ죬ԭֻǱһһû뵽ȻڶʯĹл䣡
һ۱׳ȻС죬Ҳûоʲô֮
Ѿòϣûϣˡ
үӿˣҰ񷻵Ҳǰװи֪ܷӦ
ʵһогǷǳķģиεĿ档
ܣʲô˵ɣÿ׵
Цŵʵܼ򵥣Ҫɴ񷻣
ɣ
Щ𾪵ĿףʵϣܹɣΪоһЩ֣˿͸
ôҲȰǰΣ˰ɣ
׳⿴׵ܣҲӦ֪ڵ˰ɣҴ˽Ķľ֣ǵһǧɣͶʡ
үӿûκεŰҪǴ뿪˽ǲǴ񷻾ҲԶأ鶼ԣ㿴˲õ棬Ҫõһ治𣿡
׷ʵ
ȷҲǣ˵ֿҲеģֻ΢΢
Ѳܹڼȵ  ̾һܣٶǱߵĶѾùˣ
ţһҲŪ˼Ķ
Цŵڶǲء
ÿ˿ԼүүȻүүҪȻΣ
ţ׳⿴ŰúȻԼڣҲһ㶡
õܣһܹǰ׼ҶɹѹصĻҴԸóٷ֮ʮĹɷ
ٷ֮ʮһԵİ곽һٷ֮ʮʲô  ׳ĬһᣬȻվã׼ȻҲ⣡
ÿ˿׵ܣǾôˣΣ
⵹ǸޱУ
ԭҪţû뵽Σ֣˼ҴҪ͹ɷݡ
ˣף
ôһ˿Ŀ⿴ףԼȫ˳ܹͦһѾǷǳĲˡ
ͲԼܹˣܹһ˿漣أ
Ͼûд  ʵ׳Ͱö֪ܹӮһľ֣ٷ֮ʮĹɷݶ  һ㶼࣡  𼴽Ҫûļ壬ٷ֮ʮһһڷɣֱǳֵ
þִõһ̣ǻǮҲİ
ãҪ˾͹滹ôĹڵأسֱͲŰŭһ
ÿ˿سЦһй涨ʱô˵ˣǺ˵ֿʼô
ߣֿʼسＸһĳ
ÿ˿ףܣ֪Ķʲôط
ء
ֱӰϿڴ˰õĸǰʱľͷѾǸˡ
⣡  һһⰡ
˼ЩСȻװǾޱȣһСľͰ⼸ǧڵĶˤˡ
һﵹãȻһϿڴװҿȥװ˲ٵĶֲ֮ǰॵ졣
ײڿһﲻǸӣ̫Ǯ




144°ؼõ
 

ϯ̨£  Сøϴ͹ˣܳ
ɲأǹӣóʲôö
Ҳǰ㿴˼Ҵãʤֲ˵ҾȻܹóʺ֮ȹĹʯ⵹ǲһ˰
Ǿ͵Сӳ˰ɣСװβǵӣҾ
µ˶ϴװѾ߲ѡ
һ֪ϧˣôܹóʲôûɫأ
ʵ֮ǰʵûпȥ׼ʲôöװ
ѲĽɽĶóװǰװӿ¶ʯҪضˡ
һҪʲôʶ֮˸ĻǸԼ鷳  Ѿʼ
һȻõĻǴ񷻵ĶԭһıûС
ȴ֣ʵıǷǳĶġ
ǰſֵˣһЩȤһﾹȻһͨͨϴװ
ѲʲôֵǮ  ҪĲֵǮĻôл˴ųطأ
ôصǣƿ˴񷻵̡
ʲô
ϿǰôµצЩĿ˿һԵλһʦ
ϣ˾µצֱǹ񹤣֪Ǻεȴ֮񡭡Բ͸覴á
һλһʦȻûпó⵽ʲô  ǵʹѾЩ˸оⶫǷƷˡ
⼸ʦÿһ仰ôЩΧǵࡣ
ϸ˷Ŵ󾵶ԼеצһƣѾǱˡ
λ֪ⶫǴӺζϿһԲԶ׵ʵ
׿˿ϵһλϴģצͨòʾΪʯ
ʯǿǼƷʯеļƷʯ
ϵƺѾǳ˸ղŻʺֵ֮һĻΪʯĺ̶ȼͬھһ㡣
û뵽Լ֮꣬Ȼܹǰɾʯɵצ
Ƕô߳ļղܹɶ칤Ĵ  ЩĿצоⶫѾúܶʯ߷ˡ
׿˿ϵҪһֵĽľȣ
ǺĿǰ˵ΪȶĲҪġ
һʯҲҶȥһ㶼СκεСˡ
һЦʯһһֶȻǴʤ
سɸһûκεķĵ֮оȻһ˿̫õԤУǰһӰоҲЩϤ
YES!!
÷Ļ˻ȭͷû뵽һȻֱӰһǣʵ˵ǿ
ʯȴ˵֮û뵽ȻҲУ  ׸ڵȣֱóҲҪ˷ʱˣҷߣҪǴòһĶȵĻôҲҪ˷ʱˡ
ʲô˼
Ҳ֪ǰһﵽʲô˼ʵ׾ǾѹҲҪôá
ȻѾ˽İ취ˣôֱӽ
һһֵʲô˼أȻҪȵĻֱӶóһȺˣ  سɸյ۾ɵñ˭ϸĿó⼸ûһʶġ
ÿһȴ൱ľտ  ϸĿÿһƷȻһֱǲסҡͷ˼飬ֱǲ˼鰡û뵽ϾȻ˻ĸ̴͡û뵽֬ȻܹγȻͣ˹ĥĺۼ
һ׮׮һûһһ£
׶ûó˼Ǹ䣬ҪȻֵһ£Сϵжٵĺöأ  سɸȻԸʹ䣬óĶȻҲΪϡУҲòʺ֮ȹ屦Ķˡ
˷ǳĹֱӾͶ˴ʤľֵĽ
һԵһʦҲûκε飬ϾΪؼʦĺ϶Ѿˣһôܲأ
ܣǾ׼ôãôܻأԲܣ
سɸպͰسûлعʱǷⳡϵѾ˲Ϣˡ
سɫѿ˼㣬磬ղǸС㲻еϤ𣿡
˵ղǸˣسɸտ˿׵ıӰͷͣͷЩϤ
ûв´ĻǸףسŭ˵ÿ׼ûк£һξȻƻǵļƻֱ
һܹСôңȥôõʰȻȥسɸյ¶һ˿˿ı䡣
ֻϧһεʧѾעˣִԲ׵鷳µʱ鷳Լˡ




145е
 

سɸգϣһԺд֣
ʱȴٸسɸκεӣȻҪñ˵ùԼҲҪõùĴ㡣
سɸտŰһҰؼҿɲǴ䲻С壬öǰؼ˵Ǿţһëѡ
ǣ˵ǷһǷΣسﵽʱ򻹲һ°á
ÿЩɥĲãЦһҿܼҵٶȣؼҵĲҵǿ󣬵ȼҲǱ˵ˡǴþŪŪãǴʲôʱȥְɣ
ݣͿû£ߡ
سɸպͰسǳ˲ӬһĶģʲô취أ
ѾһˣҲûκεİ취ˡ
  £ѾƴȫˣȴԸΥûа취ˡ
һֱղţǶΪ񷻼ҪΪǴõв͡
ǾǸ׵ļһĳ֣תˡ
سɸߵ׵ĸǰ㣡
׿˿سɸգ΢΢һЦǺǣ˵֮ԵֻǱȽϵĲġ
Сӣ㼸ĵңͲŪ㣿سɸշζҪըˣһʵ̫ˡ
ʱӭ
׵ʱӭһԼһ㣬سɸԼоЩȤ
˿̶һвȥһʧ߶ʤķ˶ѣûκε塣
سɸպͰس˪һɵˣ  ƺҲڶ̶̵ʮ֮һʧӰ١
ʵϣԭõʯչҪʱģɽʱѾȫˣ  ׽ԼϵЩöݸ˰õҸطЩ˲ι۲ιۡ
ЩɶǼֵǵģôˣͲˣ
Щ뿪ЦĿʵ
һԵİ׳ѾǱˣǰƺֻĳ֣ȴѾǽ񷻴ıԵ˻
׿˿õܰҿҲǴ񷻵Ĺɶ֮һ˰ɣ˵ɾе㲻˰
ðɣٷ֮ʮĹɷݵԺ󣬵ʱһѹȨתЭȥǩġ
֪ٷ֮ʮĹɷݣӿ׼˵Ŷ
˼ѾΪ˾޴Ĺףǻʲôأ
ó˰ٷ֮ʮĹɷݣҲǾүүͬģʵû˳ʽء
׳⽭ʻչĵڣǾҵġ
İһŵķ
УȻˣµ˰ҲԸطǱȽϻҵʱ
񷻵ʯչȻҪģûȥˣÿԽƶ
Ҫæµʵ̫̫ˣһ֮źܿͿԿס档
עΪ˰õһδ棬Ȼ̫ἰἰҲǰæˡ
ڴڲʶû˲ˡ
ټϰѫ౳˼壬öԿһѾ군ˣİô  ھˣ
ÿЩƣھǲЩ˰
£Ҫ뿪һʱ䡣׿ŰЦŵ
үүܣÿ˿׳
׳ЦеĵͷȻ֮䵹ǾǰſֵСӻ൱Ĳġ
⵹һԵİЩоŤ󣡣
׶ڰõҲûʲôر뷨ʵ׵һֱһŮλá
Ů棡  ǳζҲǳΰζָо֪ôȥݣС¹ײȻĶǺѱġ
ɾһ¶ĸоȴܹŮפ׵С
Ȼ˽Ȼ磬ôŮȴԸǸλ档
һԸȥƣһϣһֱǴš
˵һ뾩Ǵѧһδ
ĺԼ˵֣ǼʵϺҲ˵еǸʵԼ  ϧԸΥ˵飬ǵڵ׶һ㣬оôĲʵ
ԼŵĻ׶ԼѾˡ
ԭ׵ģɵʱȴѾʧãã˺֮С
Ŀ⿴ԶƺҪҵټԽҪѰȴԽҲ
ԭʹ꣬ǰؼˣ
һԼ뿪˼еڣѾǼµʱˣܷŵأ
ȥĻΪԼ¡
ԼĴʹɩҲ׼ȥԭ㿪ģջǴ˸ȥ˻վ
ڵһᣬʱҪֱӾˡ
˿̵ף̤˻ع;




146Ļ
 

쳤ٻмʱ䣬ʱĻվǰĺߡ
Ҳһ൱Ƶĸо֪翪ȥˡ
ղҲһʱ׼𳵻ȥΪѹû𳵡
֮ǰһ˺ܳʱĴͲŹġ
ⱲӣѰ˼ôҲһػ𳵰ɣ
ԺûʲôˣҲ˼ˡ
ȻǾŶӵȺˡ
ȻȥŵĺܳΪҶԾŶӣƱٶҲ൱Ŀ졣
ԼһСʱ֮׾ѾȥQеĻƱ
1020ڶ6㵽QС
ʱ䵹ͦģõǰһϵʱôɹˡ
ҪŪ̵ĻǼֱ̫ˡ
T551гϣӲλ濿Ŵġ
ڣУ  쳤٣ܶѧʱȥλ߻ؼңȻҲǲߡ
QУǿγУȥǸطȻҲ쳣Ķˡ
ڳϵʱΧλȻһ˶ûС
ôӵʱ̣λȻһ˶ûУЩ֡
ֵʱһ£ѾŮһߵ
һǼȥQУɵûǮİɣһŮһѾǳԱߵʵ
ԱΪ˧Цŵƽ㣬òǴǼҲ񾲻ȥô
ӴӴӴˣǸƽŮЦ
׶Ůףȥһ֮ĿΣоһ˵ᡣ
ĸŮֻŮľĿŴڵҹƺľɫ
ᣬʲôأôһֲ˵һοȥδϹȥιŶû׼ʱܹأ
ƽŮһεĳһֱû˵Ů˵
ᣡ  ֵͦҲ΢΢һŮȷף쳣ˡ
ŮЦŵֲ࣬ǲ֪ϲ˵
ԱλȽϿ˵ŮҲŮѲЦŵ࣬Ǽ㼸ƽ㣬㺰ק˰ɣ
ٺ٣˵ܼͦǮģ࿴űһЦ
һֵǼڱأǮûʲôǮ𿴱طһ㣬ţ˻ͦġ
̧ͷ˿һôоЩϤأ  Ҳǳ׿˹ȥ˿ҲоһϤ
ǣҲǱصģ
׿˹ȥһԵļŮǰĿתƵ˯
׵ͷǱһеģ
԰ǼİҽձҵϴѧһֵܹڻԼУѣҲ¡
ҲǣҲЦ
һΪõѧһһнʮ༶
˴֮䲻ʶʵҲǷǳġ
Ҳ֪˰û뵽ϾȻͬУѣҽб
ֺգ⵹Щεĺܡ
֣һĸŮҲͦġ
Цŵҽף
ʲôףɴ۾׵㲻ǿͬ۴ѧǸװɣ
һͦЩԳĿűЦŵ
̾һҵȻ֪˵ʧˣԭǳѧ˰
զ°񾲿űʵ
һԵͻҲ˳Ŀűƺڵȴűɽ
׿˿ѾȥˣҲˣǺǡ
ԭǴҪһģһô˵Ҳ֪ȥҿ˵˰ǲԵġ
ûʲôûʲô
Ҳɺ˵һĬƺŪЩȻֹˡ
һ󣬱ƺЩͼįֶ׵˵ף֪֪ѧУѧУܺͺѾһŶ
ܺͺ棿
׵һĿһֱǴһˣôܻɥĲ֮ߵһأ
еĻһ̣ƺĻˣ  Ǹ˵ϲԼŮû뵽Լ˵ج֮󣬾Ȼȥһˡ
׵Щ㱣Ȼڶ˵ûʲôӰ졣
ԭϣĳûг֣֮лź
ܣһԲڴˣ׾Բһ׼вȲɱԼ˼ϡ
Ҫ˸ۣۻӵĿ£
㲻֪ɣִѧԣھǵͬѧ˵ģʵŶҼǵõ溫ŮҲŵŶ
һЦʵҲΪͬУУѣЩ˷ܲ˵Щ




147ġ׷ߡ
 

˭˵ģ
׵ƺЩܹɱ˵ζ棬ǻѪҺоԼһѪꡣ
ȻЩ죬оԼһ־磬ɵȵ׼ؼҵʱŷǸԼ
ſ̹ĵĳޣԼŮˣԼҪ
ںδŲڻǽԼǲܱġ
Ǳؾôط˼黹в֪ģҲִѧϢ˰ɣ
˧磬ӿ϶Ůѱ˰ɣ
಻֪ʲôʱѾǴһӣ˶оЩЦ
ῴ˿࣬˼˵㶼죬Ƿ˰
Ǳ˰ɣҪô˵ҲУ
ϵҲ൱Ĵ󷽣ȷһֱǽǵĸоָо൱ˬ
Ŷ೤ʱ䣬ѾǸܺˣھҪ֪Լ֮浽ôģ
ྪֵĿ˿ףȻű˵ܣͬѧ˰һǵһοһеô󷽷ĳԼϲŮ˱ߵء
ƣЩεЦЦЩͬѧһرģһ㰡ֵܣ
׿˿Цŵӭλȥ棬λԷ
ͬΪѧһʼҶûд򿪻ϻӣԶǷǳ֣ȵϻһ֮Ͳһˡ
ļٵİǳԷ˧磿ҿɸŶǼƴŮûأʧɶνɵĲȥµĲ
컹һĿ죬ͿǵǶһİѻֱ
ῴô˵ûɫһ࣬Ҫ
׹һֵٷܶܲ˰
׵ףˣﶼŮѵѣôأʱҪǲĻһԶٷΣ
ϣ׿˿ǲϵϺô
˼һҲ֪ʲôʱ򵽱أʲôʱν
׵ɣڱشƵΣ
е˰ɣǶѧαءЩȰο
࿴׺ٺһЦͲ֪˰ɣ˼Ҽģ˵ﻹбأһԼȥQУǿɶǰ԰סŶ
׹һЦ԰סǿֻеȵһQУǳԷˣ
α
࿴ײ˵˵˰죬ѾȻ»ء
ͷ׵ľ»ˣʵҲǿһ¶ѣϾѹҲʶˡ
һεQУҪǷǳģʱôʱȥӴأ  ࣡
ῴȥƤرıŻô˵ѾǸоһˡ
һγֲûʲôǮܲһ˾˼Ͱɣ  ˼ҵǮҲǴĲ  ᣬ˱α㿴ǺһQУղŻ˵Ҫ͵ģû뵽˼Ӷ˵һˡֲǼңǻɣ
һ죬ԭĿ֮ʵǱ˼ҹԼ֤ˡ
ῴ˿ЩεףҲݸһЦԲףɱ̫˰ϲ˿Ц
ʼҵĴһҪˡǲ֪λŮӰ
Ӵǣղ˵ӦǸѧӣû뵽⿴ȥǲҲЦ
ǷſĽ࣬ļһޣ
˴ŹǷʱ׵ǾӵģһСʱҵʱ͵Qˡ
ɭ磬ղȥʱҲǸ˰
ͻĸǰĸΧǱָָ㣬Ϊ׵Ǹһƣȥ
ֻ˳𳵵ӲߣԵЩʱˡ
Сӣ۹ⲻһĿ࣬ʲôƻ𳵣û뵽ⰲţʶǰôŮ񰡣
ɭӣȥ׵һСӦҲѧ
һһƣҲͦʱ˧ҾӦҲ
һƽʱӦûгԹʲôһֱǱг֣ӿȥǳš
һäĿ  ʲô⼸ˣһվ
Ҫ˵˸һװ˵ĴվҲǷǳĻˡ
ɶ⼸һ߼ǲģ˿ȥ쳣׳˶
ñЩп಻ô˾Ȼأ
ҪıϷĻԼΪΨһֵĻǲܵġ
֪ɽлƫɽУ
վʱҲͻͻͻһֱŵġ
СӣȰû±ʲôӢۣͷӢۣǱɹܣοֻҪλŮʶһأҿ׷ߣ
ɭ΢΢ķ򿿽һЩȻᣬһ




148Сʹ
 

ѧʱ  Ů׷ǼǳģһЩΪԼƵѧ˷С
ǰʲôɭ粻ɭģʵҲǽԺѧѡ
ԲҲʶ뿪
һɭӵӣҲЩһ
ʵɭ翴ȥҲʱ˧һСӣټһƣһŮ˻Ǻмܵס
ȴЩôȤҪ˵ȤĻղ׵İЩȤ
̸ʲôģԼʵҲų⣬Բϲҡеˡ
ŮҽɭQˡʶһ£
ɭƺԸղ̬ԶĹˣһεϲЦտĿ
ԱߣŮѲ񾲿ɭЦһǹҪģǼᶼ˵˲ʶѲǵĶ䶼𣿡
룬С椸ӲƢǲССļ޲ȥɭһ۲
һɵҼ޵ĳȥ޲ȥʲôϵǹúӡ
ΪǸŮӾͲҶ㰡ҲɭQʲôˡɭȻһЦ
ݺݵӣǰѱԵĲ񾲸ŵ˻ȥ
Ůǻֻһ˲˼ִŮص㡣
ĶֵĻͿʼԼƵľٶˡ
ҲرĲϣЩƵˡ
뿪
ʱվɭӣ˿ûκεη塣
ɭ˿˵Ůɱҵɻ˰ǻʵʶһµġ
ŮɭQĹӸ簡ҪǸɭĻԺĺǾûκġ
ǰŮɭ粻˳˧ҲãҪǻƽ
ɭϰֿQĴϰŶŮ
ױ⼸ŪЩ䷳̧ͷ˿ˣȻվһãϸ
û̸ȥţ
ɭΪԼţ棬ѧʱܶ˶Ϊ۸ԼϷǳй⡣
ʵΪںܶŮ˿ֱǶĵĽడ
תۿɭЦһﱬ㸺𣿣
ͣ
һ仰ļŮЦˣɭɫһѿ
ݣӣҪ
ɭһץףʱ˭ҪðͷĻȻͶ˭ˡ
ױǼΧҲʶˣļŮǰ
Ҫ֪һ⼸˴̵Ļµʱ򲨼˻ǳĶġ
飡
ɭѧģԭͷǳ㣬ǰ׿ȥǰ֮˵Ķ֡
ῴɭȻ֮ͶˣҲŵסͣ˵żֱ֮֡
ǼܳøΣȻڻϾͺͱ˷˳ͻʵ̫ùһЩ
Ȼױ鲢ûз
ֻһɭȭͷ׵ĶԻļ˿ɭ֣Ҳһӵϵĳ
׵ıȭͷͬʱĺϮ
ֻЩԾһĻˣ⼸ûдףȴȭͷֱӺɭϡ
ûд򵽣ɭȴȭͷĲᡣ
һȭͷȻɭıϣѪֱ
˭Ҳû뵽Ȼôһ֡
׼ʲôҲûж£ɭԼԼ˸˸߻ء
ֱűǱߣ˵ļ˿ԼɭˣҲŵøϽȥοˡ
û°ɣû°ɣɭ硭
ɭ磬СӾȻؼʱﵽˣ⧲
ɭ磬ҪȻȥСӡ
һţɭоԼ˶ˣھǰСһܹأ  ȷһȥһ˻𳵣⼸һÿҵ绰ù
ɭֵ߱˵ȻһQӦʶ˵ģҪȻ˵Ҳôţ档
׵ûʲôһٶأʱù˷ֲԼ  лл㣬ף
׾ȻͷԼߵˣҲĴмĺܡ
Ҫ֪ԼһС壬ҪղЩԿ±˶ˡ
׿˿ʲôлģǷҲԸԸ˿Ҳ
ҲЩأôԼԼˣԱߣŮЩɻķʵ
ҿЩ񾭰ɣһҲЦ
΢΢ʼ磬Ҫ׼ʱյһš
ͷһŵ˲Ǳˣǻ˼һQпǰȫ׼
Ҫ֪һκ׵ͶʣǿԤǰ
˼һֱıǩǮĸԸԼĸ׵Ĺ⻷
ȻǲԸģʱȻҪһҵˡ
һôƽʱǳģҲΪʲô׸оЩֵԭ




149ҪվĻٶ
 

׿ԼֻϵĶţֱӰһ»ص˹ȥ
һСʱʱ䣬ҲQˣԭǴԼQ֮ٸһ绰ġ
û뵽һﾹȻԼȵˣȻŹԼʲôʱ
ⲻԼô
ָ磬첻˯һŹȥͻص绰ˣ
˼QҲûô˯ţĵӾˡ
⼸챾ҲЩ˷ܣҲ˸Ÿס
˼ԭŵʲôʱ򿴵ˣʱ϶Լһ绰ġ
û뵽ԼŸոչȥӵʱ䣬˼ҵĶѾǷ˹ˡ
㶼ˣ˻˼ĻҲʵ
˰Ͼ͵ˣ˸ϴ˸裬Ȼ˯һողѣ
˼ȥǳĲϾQһγУЩεν֯ǲô  ŶڽQеĻءЦŵ
ȥ𳵣ûи˼ЦʵҪȥô
Ҫ˯ţȫ԰߻мءЦŵ
Ҹֵһȥýܸʶʶ˼˷û뵽ô͵ˡ
һȻ͹˵绰
绰֮󣬱׵ףһ㲻һߣ
ЦŵţǲȥȥصĻǾһȥҪQĻѰ͵Ǳߡ
⡭Ͳðɣԭڱһ棬ȻȥQеġЦŵ
ЦŵȻȥصĻǾһȥɣҲȥء
Ǹ˳糵ӺɷŤŤĸɶ
Ǹĵͣһ㶼ϾһϵĻ𳵣͵ĻҲġ
׹һֵǣҲ˳·˵ˣҲǸУѰɣ
ҪȻǾ͸׵ĳȥɣǵ˱ѳԷ£
񾲿űЦȻ񾲺ͱ̸ûж೤ʱ䡣
׿óСӦþǸ׵Ĳϰһܵʵʵġ
űƺҲĸоСԺ϶Ǹŵˡ
УǾлл˰ף
еǮΪǼģֻǱ֪ǣǼʵҲôġ
һֱףղΪԼ˳ͷһ̣оѾǵһ˿
ʵᲢһľګˣ෴ʵһ鱼ŵˣֻһֱҪһҪʱġ
ν·ң֪վüģ仰ûеġ
Ǹղһ˲ľٶһεˣĻܹ˵
һģʵѾǷǳĲˡ
ᣬ϶׿ʲôǵƴŮ񲻻Ŀ˧˰ɣ
࿴˿ᣬĿʱʱƮߣҲǾ
һզҪܿ켸Ů˾һŵĿʼѽѽ
У
ɫͨĿŻ࣬һֱ˼ĸо
Ҳ֪ⲻǶ׵һЩѣʲôϲϲȫǳ
׹һֵҪôŮϲңҿζܹЦ˰
ҲݸһЦ״ı˵ǾԵĴȵġ
ܿ죬Ѿ׼վ洫ԭ˯һӾ
Ҫ֪һҹĻ𳵣Ѿ˽ƣɵҪ»𳵵һ̣ܶ˾ǳ˷ܼһ˷ޱȡ
׺ͱǳ˴ӵĸоǱСģ˿ŶоЩ
һԵĲ񾲵ҪõʱһﾹȻ΢Ц˵ۡ
ҲǷһˣΪ̸ҲǹƴģһͦϲԱߵŮġ
𳵵վ  QеĻվһ͵ĻվȻˣΪγУļȻ˷ǳĶࡣ
ʮһƽܣQε˿̻վѾˡ
ȥʲôطʵ
ָָǰȳȥ˵ɣҲûʲô鲻𣿡
Ȼʱ֮ǰǼСʹɭˣȴȻβǡ
Ȼĺܣȴ˷С
⼸ܹʲôݳɣ  ֺǺǵĳųվ˹ȥǵҲɭʱڶֵġ
ҪЩĲʶĻĲٿˡ
Qлվվǰ㳡׵˾վ룬˼˻ûйͷ˸Ÿ˻˼Լλá
ѵ绰ʱȴִ˷˶ʮˣǾͼΧ
̧ͷ˿ͷ֮˺Ȼ֮ǰڻϵϷǸɭ
û뵽һ˻û»𳵣Ѿǰź˶ˡ




150֪η
 

Ǹʲô
û뵽Ƕ˻վˣȻǱ˸ˡ
һԸоĳ˲ģ֮ǰǸɭȥɫ൱ѿ
ݣʲôӱˣ˵ʲôɭ۾һɣűֵ˵
׺ͱ˵ĸŮ˵ĺ棬⼸Ů˴˿ѾŵЩɪɪˡ
˵ɭ磬ȥѧ֮͵˺ܶడ뵱Q˭Ҷһ£СආҶ˰
ɭԱߣһ첲ϴЦǺǵĶɭ˵
ɭ˵˵ӣĸջǲǣҲù
ӵ˵ɣɭ磬ôŪ
ôŪһжһ첲ˡɭ˵仰оϡƽ
һԵѾЩɵˣж첲ô̵Ļ˵Ŀ˵ôôأ
Ѳ˾ûʲô  ᲻֪׵˳ƾʲôˡ
Ӵǣ椳ˮ鰡ӿ˿ һа֮⡣
ɭ˿һЦǳĲɾƢ̫á˵Ů벻жһ첲Ҳ԰Ұ
ߣǻվΧɾǾ֣
ԼԼ׳ȷ߾뾯ʲôҲԶЩС˵Щ⡣
ӿ˿ٺһЦɭ磬ŮǵַرϤҪ֣ȻҲطˡ
Ͳ񾲵˵ɫ൱ѿôΧţҪ߼ǲܵˡ
߻мŮˣҪָǲܵ顣
ߣҵĿ޵ģŮ1֮ҪǲҴ𸴵ĻǿɾͲˡ
ɭһǴүģоڵһѾƿ֮ˡ
ɴ۾ǰɭåоˡ
ʲô취أ
ǱıˣĵƦåҲֻܹɵ۵ķݡ
˭û»˹ȥأڳһʱ֮£ʱ϶ǻġ
ܶ˾ΪĹǣһԵҲͳԵˣǲܻһʶġ
ֻɭ˵ʵ̫һЩ˷ˣʵǺˡ
ẦΪԼǰܵ۸ⲻԸ⿴ġ
׿ǰᣬŮͦģô˵ʱûκεԥվˡ
һεĿ˿ָʹɭоЩЦԭǴֺݺݵĽѵһһġ
ڲ붯ˣȻֵһԭΪ˻˼ż˹ˡ
ܲ־Ͳֵԭ׵Ҳ൱ĺƢҪֵĻ˿»ûʲô³ˡ
ָ硭
ţΧ׵ˣǸ·һϴ󣬿ȥţ
Ϊ׵֮ʱ򣬴߳һˡ
ߡ
׳Ż˼˴˸кʱ֪ʲôɭÿһ·
˼ûЩΧŵˣ֮˵ľͳתˡ
ָ磬ô°
˼˿⼸˱һƦΧˣûκεĵǡ
˼Ǽʶ׵ʵģ׵ĸǰҲզΡ
һҪжһ첲׿˿ɭ¶һ˿ζЦݡ
жָһ첲
˼оЩЦҪſֵĻ»ҪЦˡ
Բۣ˭ĸҶָ磿ɣ
ӻ˼Ա߱QһԼĪʮСӣȥǸʱѾ˵ȴЩﲻݵĸо
λǣ׿˿˼ʵ
ҽлƿҰֻƹָ硣
ƿЦĿףҪ֪˼Ҫ˶Դ˶Ǻ𾴣Լ͸ӵĲ̸ˡ
ƿQггƹĶӣ˵QУҲ̫ӵ֮һˡ
ƿ֪֪֮Լ˵ĸǰҪ͵͵ٵ͵ġ
ãǺǡָƿգǰɭͺӵ˵˿һ㡣
ɭͺӵ˾ô⼸ߴкǿ˼֮ҲЩ̫Ծˡ
ԼΪɭģû뵽˼һ˹кȻǵ˿
ָ磬ѾڵԽ¥˰ᣬҪȻڹȥһĳҲˡ
ƿߵߵĳЦǺǵ˵ȥǳġ
Բۣүǵ˰ɭ磬ҺQлûбôӹ
ӵӸоԼˣ˾Ȼ˿
ģӣʲôһŪһŪһ˫֪֪QУ
ɭQУƸоһˣ˶С
ȷҪŪң
ƿһӰθ˼ȣû뵽QУȻôţڴ֮ͥ˵ҪŪԼֱЦ  ɭҲ֪η֪ԼһȺʲô˵Ļŵƨˡ




151˭ţˣ
 

Qлվǰվ㳡  ʱΪ糿࣬˲Ǻܶ࣬ܶ˻𳵾ϳˡ
ڹ㳡϶˸֮٣ܶ˿һΧһˣЩ˿϶ˡ
ǰվ㳡룬ɭͺӵ˵ˣ
ӣһԼǱ׵ˣǰƿļһȻвǡ
˿ߺһ߰˸ˣһŵҲǷ
ٴĿǰ̬Ȼ̸ƾУҲһս֮˰ɣ  ֪ױ˼ΧţȫΪԼԵʡ
ҪȻĻ˼ҿ͸Լȥˣ˵һεΪԲűӵġ
ŪôΣ
ߵ˻ƿĸǰԼײŶĻƿѻƿһĸɷˡ
˵ƿҲаѾ˵Qĵ𣿹
˼Щ޼ɵЦ⵹һԵĻƿƵĺܡ
ƿɫһ䣬˿ڶһԣ
Ӵǣҿǰɣүүڽϻʱ㻹ɿءСӣҸ㣬ҪСŪˣԺһˣ
һҲһͦš͵ˣǳᣬŻƿôţҲ
飡
ӵˣ֪ʲô£˿ֱһȭ˻ƿǰ
ԭְƿģ룬סûг֡
ȻһҪĻҲֻܹΪˡ
ҪȻǸԼԺ˿϶Ҳǲġ
Ȼ۸ˣҪսȽϺãһЩҪһЩġ
һȭƿԭЩ屻ֱӸɷ
˼һҲǳֱӳźļ˵һţƴˣȻ˸ˣ
ƿӵ˲ԼϵĻҳǹҳһ˿ɭȻЦݡ
Ƹ磬û°ɣ
ƿԱߣһµʱվ˳ϴһ˿䡣
˵ӣ˵û£ҽˣƿ
ã
ӵҡҡͷƺȳӦ֡
˵Ŀ⼸ۼӵ˵ϣֻЦߵɭĸǰСӽɭǰɣ
ݣĳСɭҲ㺰ģϽӹ
ɭӿŵȷǷǳ˿˻ֲܹˡ
Լ촽ȻָָһԵĻƿҸһλᣬƸǸ
ǣӣûУ˼ҽǸʲôƸǸأɭٺЦ
ӴſŵЦݵǹУرడ⼸СǸԺҺӻôڵϻ죿
׺ͻ˼ֻǾĿôQеĵϣȻҲҪˡ
ƿڿνĶС㲻Ļ̸ģԼ͹ⲻȥˡ
Ǹǰɣ
¶һ˿Цֻ˻ӣվĸźɫӣȥ͡
ʲôǰɣӵ˿һﺰ׼֣Ҳǳˡ
¶һ˿Ц¶ˣ
˵꣬Ѿ˵˺棬һȺŹܿͱˡ
ⷽӺļˣһܵרҵѵģǲĻӦֱ
⿴ǳֵȭͷ֪ľˡ
ǰʮС쿴ȥ˷ǳĶ࣬Щרҵѡǰ˾Ǳ˿вһĵ˵ϡ
ǰվ㳡ڣܶ˵ǱߺߺģߵǼƺûжһվ˺档
ڿԵǸ𣿡
һεվ˳ô⣬ڵѾȫĲһˡ
ıѾɵˣղһĻ͸ӴƬһҲֻڵϲļʶġ
ޣ
ɭһαıѪҴܣȥǳȻһжҵġ
ӿɭͦй˿ɭٺһЦɭԭǲ̫鷳ģֻϧϲҷвϲӲͷ
㡭˭в
ɭһﻹûг׵ɵ͸˿ӵԳƷвȻһˡ
вϼż̳ˣ
Qʵҵ֮⣬мҵ֧ҩһ档
ϼžQSʡҩҵ֮һǺƵС˾
ɭ֪˭ţˣǰλȥСӣû뵽Ȼϼŵٶң
ҵڴмĹ˾Ȼ൱ţˡ
ɭΪʲôֵʱһֱƵĸоȻΪɭĹ˾ʵϾǷϼŵĺ֮һ
ҪȻвղôôŵľͳأΪ˽ɭĵϸ
ҾǷвҿԸɭ˻Ƹ磬ԺҸǵĺֹ
в˵仰ûɭһѪ




152±ߵ
 

Զвɭһڵϣһڵϡ
Ǳĵ죬ƺղŷìܵ˫ˡ
٣ҴˣĴˣû뵽ᡭ
ɭڶ޳ˣ֪ԼˣҴˡ
ԼܹİвţˣȻڱ˸ǰСһ㡣
вٺЦ֪ǸղŴ˭𣿻ƸгĶӣǣֻǵĵʵ̫ˣ
ң֪˷٣һΣһλᡭ
ɭԼеĭоԼĭЩˡ
в̾һ᣿֮ǰˣ˵ٵǸҲˣֻϧ㲻ϰ
Ҳ֪ǡ
ɭһƣҪ֪ǰţ˵ĻܵûӰˡ
Լ֮ǰûϵϺӵĻҲ᲻֮
Լƫƫϵ˺ӣƫƫ͸ƿͷв˳ͻҪԼϵԼԼ˷ϼŵٶҵĻԼҲѲƤ  ӵ  ɭǿӵһͣҪ֪ϼάĹϵǵҪٵľҪٵ
ͱһһ˲ƻһѧõĶһͥ߰
Ѿ˵λˣܲԭ㣬ǾͲҵˡ
вҲٸһϻˣһΪԼQмǮˣ  вȻ֪ƿƴĵ˭  ֪˿϶ǷǳҪģƴٶԼ˵һ仰ǾǸ˾ûκεĻ
вȻ֪Ѷ·ĵ
˼ʱǳ׵ķˣ˼һٶʲô  ԼQЩѣ˼һ˼ٶǿȫ֪ﰡ
һ棬ʱ⵵Ҳøġ
˿ǰһУԭһûз˳ͻ֮ԭΪҪԿġ
ڿ˷ǵһ㶼ûгԿǰС챻Ĳᡣ
ΪôڳĻֳƿˡ
ȻҲ֪ǰ˵ʲôͷоЩƺ̫򵥡
ȼŮ˻ɻĿŶԷʱֻһĻˡ
ɭһֻ͹һֱ˸ղűĻƿĸǰ
٣٣˲С˹͵Ǹƨҷ˰ɣұ֤Ժ󿴵ߣ
ɭ̬úܶ˶ʼϲʲô˼ͻȻ֮תˣ
ղŲǻôţô˴һ¾ôûйˣ  ǿǼǵ֮ǰǸвɭȥƿǸʱһ
û뵽ھȻѾǱӣȫ˸Ͻడ  Բۣ
ƿв֪жʱôԭһأ
Ҫ֪˼һQҪͶʵģԼĸԼӴ˼ʵϲǱĸԼһνӽȦӵĻ  ƿһֱҪ⣬;ûκεȤ
ΪĸףƹȻǰԼΨһĶˣƵǽڻٶ߾Ȼôˡ
Լĵ̣Ȼ˸ˣ  QаⶪǶҪж󣬼ֱͶȥˡ
ƿֱһţɭʹ˹ȥȥƺ΢ĺһЩ
һ֮󣬻ƿŭһжԶԶԺҿ㣬ҲһƤ
ǸӵĻ컹֪׷ʲô飬ͿɭѾЩƵˡ
ܿ죬Ӿʹɭ뿪ˣԺͻ֪Լ˭ˡ
лһ˿Ժ󱨳Ļء
ɭȷģ֮ǰڻԼԼļˣԭΪ˻𳵾ܹһسӵȴһεıˡ
һα˴ˣȴȻûκεĻ֮֮󻹵Լûа˼ҵ
һˣԼҪװβǣŮǰװ档
ڿҪ˼Ҹˣ  ʲôָ磬㲻°ɣƿҲЦʱƺѾһôһš
˼ԵһµӿǰһĻЦŵѾСҼ𣿹ͦ
ƿͷ˵Ц˰СطҲССֶѣܸأ
˼Цŵ˵ţһǻ˵ղôû󣿡
ôСආҪҳôλеָ磿ҿоҲһû˵ô񰡣
ٿףȻһЩ棬û̫ء
˼˿ٵҿСǷʰ˰϶ˣѾȻΣСҸ
ԲۣϣһղһĨмѾȫʧˡ




153
 

˼ѣȴҲ൱ţ档
һȦˣȻҲǷǸģȦӲͬǿҲǺѵġ
Ȩ֮䣬ǵĽȻҲԼڲ
Ȩ֮еĴ֮һĸǾ˾Աн𣡣
Ȼֻн𣬿ĵλȴǳĸߣټʵȨߣȦ֮еĵλҲ൱ߵġ
һλ˼ߣҲġ
Ϊʲô˼ôãΪ˼ǮΪ˼ı
Ҫ֪Һͺܶ˶֪ġ
еľǻ˼һ㱳˵һκ϶ɹΣԽԽã˵ҲһĺϢ
ԭΪֻǻ˼һѣеСǮҪһ𿪸
ѹ̫ףǻ˼Ϊָ磬ҲΪ֮以Ŀѡ
Ըղŵ϶Ҳмӵʱһ
ڵҲǷҲû֮ǰֺˡ
Ͳ񾲡˿ǰһУǶһֻеĸо
ղŻŲһɭû뵽ת˲֮ͱ׸Ķˡ
ǰ׵ѵʲôˣǻҪ֪ȴ̫ʡ
ŮˣǸо׵ѱС컹ˣȻǰԼġ
ѲС˴죿  ĻǻҪϽط㲻ýֻһЩʲô鰡
ָ磬Խ¥İѾˣҪȻȥԵ緹
ƿ̬һֱǱϹϾģҲֻܹԷв΢ˡ
һﲻˣܶ˵ͷǲ֪ġ
ǰףѹҲ֪˵Ǹʲôģ֪ӦǸţˡ
Լĸ˵׺ܻ˼ӣȻٶˣôôأ  ΢΢ͷУһˣȥԵ㶫ɡĻһ𣿡
ףЩѣһ˶ȥ̫ðɣЩ˼ϾҲ١
ҪƽʱĻ»ͲˣԽ¥ȻҲ˵ġ
ǿQõһҳĵطǳ
Ҿ˵Խ¥ǳĹһȥһµĻûиٿǮѵסġ
ڸﱩһԷ˶оЩѵˡ
һҪٸ˷ͻʲôģ⵽ʱôźأ
⼸λǣ
˼ĿһֱᣬΪȷһˮܽһŮӣ崿ò˿Եֵסġ
˵Ѿ۾￴ذǹĲ˳ʺ׿Ż˼Щһ˵
֮ǰΪɭ̰ͼɫô顣
ڻ˼ôĶű˿ⲻ˷ô
˼һֵ֮˽֮˵ָҲ̫İɣôŮа
˵λС㳤ĻǲһҲƷͷ˵ָ磬۹ǲ
ȥֻʶѣû뵽һһŮ˾Ȼô˷ܣҲεĺܡ
Ҫ֪˰˵ŮӦ൱ģû뵽ǾȻ£Ƿˣ
ָ磬ļٵİҪǲ׷ҿɳ˰һӣ˷·𿴵氮һ㡣
˼ţͣɣ
ᱻ⼸ЦɫǺ죬һӻĲ֪ô˵Ͼ֮ǰǰԼġ
ܿ죬γѾʻǰվ㳡
׺ͻ˼һ棬ͼŮһ档
׵ʲô˰ųô󣿡ЩͷĿűʵ
һԵĲҲǵͷ۳ųǲСһѧôô
û׼˼ҼǮʶǮأҲǸоЩ֡
ʵ׵ļҾȻ˽⣬ǿ϶òȥ  Ϊ֮ǰ˵ùƶѧģ˼ҪǮĻ˹ء
ֻܹΪѼǮˡ
˸о죬ָое㲻ЩоǸǮĻ죡
ᷢԼĹ۵㣬˲ǻ죬־пǻ죬һʱĸ㲻
Ҳָо˸оǺڰ˾ղǳһּµĸо
ǼɶǽϷѧԺģѧҲǱݣôҲиղżλݵĴġ
죿ߣ
˾ź漸ߴߴţҲǷһм
Ŷ˼һиʦأʦ˼
ͷʦǸղŴܵǸɫλô  ˣҳԣҪ˵ҸǸղŵļλûһλͷСģǻעһЩɣ
λ˾˵Ҳñһ޾Ĳ²֮С




154Ǯٶĸ
 

Խ¥
λQĵķشԽ¥ĽЩڶϵԪ档
ΪȥǹŴͤ¥ȴһִŷĽϢ档
Խ¥һ㣬Լ͸Ŵ
Խ¥㣬QǳģһЩصοҲĽ
罭зư𻨸ȸʽ㣬ζŶ˸оЩҪˮ
Խ¥ǽһҪ֪Խ¥ʵѾǸ˼֮ķˡ
Ҫ缸Ļ϶ûκͣĵط
Ϊ˴Խ¥ƷƣҲǶԵԽ¥һ൱ĸ졣
Խ¥ǰܹɽͣҲΪȵֲ֧˵Խ¥Ľ졣
ҪȻĻûͣĵطкܶҪԷҲǺѵˡ
ͣһЩ˽ҳ֮⣬ҲһЩͳʲôĵԷ
ȻˣһŶҲûʵһЩ߼ʲôлᵽƷһڵ㡣
ܿ죬4Ѿ˵Խ¥ס˼ƿͷв֮⣬˺һ˵Ƚ˴ᡣ
ԭ׼һģΪʱ˱ˡ
˼Ȼܱ¶ԼݣҪȻôҡеĻȻͲ̫ˡ
һ£⼸˾׼ʱŪһİ䡣
û˰ɣ
ƿΪʲô϶ͷġ
ߵĿ˸ߣǿһλʰһ£
ӴǼһȥʮͷССӿȥҲǸʵˡ
ġ
ڻƿƺҪһʱȴֲ֪ĸطð˼ˡ
Щʮ£ӦǷǸһλ仹һɯ Կס
ֻҪ΢һЩˣӦö֪˵ͷС
QԭһԻĵطǮԭͷǳĶ࣬ΪǺУˡ
ԺܶǮѡͶ򷿣ƿȻߵģӵĵط˭ʶôأ  ĻƿҲԼ֮ǰǲûп  ԭô˵һ죬ôڸоôĵùأ  ԼԺҪҪٻٶָǰˣһ춪˶еˣ  ˿ƿ˵ƿĵ̣ȷûƭң
ƿЦһ˵磬׸磡ҽ˵ùˡ
ɥƵãǳԸ緹ҲпλǼȥԲˣǮŸϽߡ
ŻƿǿЦõӣһ˴ԼƤһǮȻˤ˻ƿĸǰ
ǣǮǣ
˼ԭûжŭΪ˾Щ֪ߵغ΢ѵһ˾ˡ
û뵽˾Ȼ۶ӣǮˣ
Ȩ֮䣬ʲô  ʵľǱǮȨȥѹǣȻϲҲǮȨȥѹˡ
˸˼ĸǰǮƿͲǻƿһ˵顣
һôҲó˵
ͻŮ˰֮Ǿͳ׼ȥϴּˡ
ֻǵǸճʱȴ׵˺һվһСͰſڣȥҩζŨء
ǮôˣеǮ
Ǹٵ˿Ż˼֣Цһ
ǺǣһԲ緹ˣ
˼ЦֹһԵĻƿҪ˵ЩʲôѾǱ˼Աߡ
׿˿˼Ҫѵһ£ǲ֪ߵغ񣡣
һδɵĳСӣ֪˭ôЦһҰʡ
ʡ˸ڡŭһȻ磬˵ôŪŪ
ҲǸƢû뵽˾Ȼ߸
Ҳܣ
û뵽ȻԼĻû˵ͿʼԼһʱһֽŵĸо
ȻСҪĵģҲİ˵ǮҵҪһﵽжǮ
˼ǰСӸˣû뵽Զ緹ȻҲԳһ
ǱߵһȺȻҲǸսʮ㣬Ż˼ȻҪǱǮҲǿЦ
ȥϰ庰
˼˿һǸԱЦһ˲װ
ҪԴͷϰǸɱˣΪҪ緹Բˡ
ҪĻԲ
ںôǣԺ飡
λϰ壬λϰ壬ϰҲ֪ڲڣҪȻλԵһ£аȰǰţ
ǸԱҲģҲûκεİ취ҪߴĺҲõȥ
ʱ¹ʶòҲпܵģΪԽ¥ԱĿ˷ǳϸ
PS֮ǰĴ嶼ˣֵҲҪˣɢһֱ̫ϲˡ֮ǰΪϼܵҪһ㣬Ҳû˽أȫȥˡʽÿ35µĽ࣬ҲҪ硣ޣһҲԼļޣдϸˮ飬ҿſľͺá




155ԭͷ
 

Խ¥¥ᣬԶվǱߣ緹ƺҲżˡ
ͻ࿴߷飬ҲĿ˹Ҳֻʶףǰȥ
ף⡭ô°
ҲƵĺܣоԴ˻𳵵ھûͣ
˻𳵰ɭ˰ɣ߳Ը緹ȻҲܹ˷ìܡ
ȻìܲΪǣǻģǲΪԼ̫ùһЩأ
׿˿ᣬЦЦ˼ѣûµġ
ðɡ
ͷûȥϾһģҲܾô˰ɣ
ҪĻҲ̫ˡ
ŸʲôȥϰҽйƿʱҲɫһƬ

Ա൱ΪѣìܾҪϰĻôϰ廹æ
Ҫ֪ǵԽ¥ϰ壬ҲͷҲʲôҪܹġ
ʲôǸģŲĵԽ¥
ƿЦȻˣν˵Խ¥ҲǿЦѡ
ĸQеĳгΣ
Խ¥QҲǾһģҪ˵Ҿ˵Ļľǿӵˡ
вЦЦԽ¥ҵʶҴ绰ɣ
Ǹƺ׵˷Уʵ϶Ҳͷ
׻˵úãǿѹͷߣ  ǾȻҵŻƿ˵ֱë˵ЩҪˡ
ǸɯСӣֽ°ͷӦôǿһˡ
°ĸֽݸԺޱȣSʡʡ
˵һĹٶԲܿȳҡУϾⲻϹء
ƫƫ°һõļĸ׾Ͳ˵ˣĸԼĸױļҵľͷ֮һóŴɶ
óй˾ֵѾڣȻͻ˼ĻŷûκεĿɱԣǺһȣǾǳǮˡ
°СǺŽ׳ģֱһ㣬»ˣˤˡ
ҪʲôҲǿģ㲻ˣǮ;Բˡ
Ҳǳ°ĸٳˣԳ°ĸԳµġ
ν졢˲  °ĸ׺⹫ʲôĿɲô룬ǾԼıѾǿˡ
ʵļ廹Ҫȥ±SʡҪǮǮҪȨȨǺ˭  ҲΪĻڳ°˵ĸԣ
Ǯˣ˹  һҪԣҪǮбĻ˼
һ𻨳ǲġ
һĵط֮ǰйֻ˾ûд棡ӣ绰˵һƿأϽһˣ
ƿQеȷǺܳԵÿʵһˣ˭һ㶼գȦҲ൱ĸߡ
ȻѾǵڶηŭˣƽʱɲ̫һ
ȴǷǳ˳Ȼһ飬ЩҲȷ̫һЩ
ţУ磡
вֱ˵绰˳ȥܿĵ绰ѾǴͨˡ
Խ¥ܾʵҲһӪϵĺ֣ҪȻܰѵԽ¥ôľġ
ܺõ˹ЧӦʷЧӦϵİ취úܶ˶Խ¥γһָߴϵĸо
һʮʮ٣ڼӶĺܶˮԽ¥ڶ̶һʱڣһԽΪQУSʡΪ֮һ
ʵϳܹ׬Ǯ㣬ҲѾˡ
ʵ  ûȥԽ¥ԼľƵѾһȶӪģʽÿǼһµˮ
ʵڵÿŶٵˮѾָƣȥǷǳĴ
ոˢϴ׼ȥ԰һȦʱȴԼֻѾˡ
٣ôҴ绰İЦʵ
вܣǵԽ¥׼أие飬֪
ѣٵǾҵѰԵƬ̣̾͵
ȻϹʵĺܣܶȴЩɼ
Խ¥Ҫ⣬ĹϵҲܹҪȻʱҲԼùӳԵġ
Խ¥  °˿ǰļˣ¶Ĳм
ʲôط̾Լʡĸףɱﵰ  °ΪԼQУǾˣԼŵӦþǴезˡ
Q˲۸ҵԼĻǵʱɾͲҪִݻˡ
ƿʶһʵҲǷǳģ°һ㶼ϷԼĸǱ߻
һQУʵҲǴԼһģϾҲǰ




156ľǸ
 

Խ¥
˼Ծ˹Աߵ֮ϵȴţ°һߡ
ƺڵȴŽҪ飬ȴ֪׷ʲô顣
٣̫ˣҪȻ绰֣
һŮޣȥʮŮͷҲ̫˵ЩŮű¶ȴҹŮ
ЩŮʵȴпҹŮԿŮЩʱҲܹ⿴ж
°ЦһҲҴ绰Ұ֣ҵҪǽܰôһͲˡ
°ҲһƢˣԭΪԼĵ϶Ǳ˴ӵû뵽һȻ˾͸Լᡣ
°ҪİᣬǸӣ
ᣬ
Ҫ˵ôģЩӦЩͷģҪȻҲôš
ͷҪ۸һЩͨϰգǻûʲô˼
ǰҪ°ǾҪǹʸˡ
ǳҪ֪Լʵ֮־ֵı飬Ϊֹһε󱨳Լ֮󣬱˾Ϳʼˡ
ѾˣҪҲ֮ǰһĻһҪ˸һĸԼǸ
еһƺճ°ĽߣڸүһĵţΪľ֪֪Լ
ı۳ܿͣ˵Խ¥ſڣԱһϰôˣһ
Ϊƽʱϰ϶ǲģͻȻ֮ˣǶڲ²ŵ׷ʲô飿  û涺ֱӳ¥İȥвQҲͷ
ʱѹԼôҪһӣ  ѽѽ٣ףҲڰ
һƿͷв֮ҲǾвû˵ѣȷͷС߰
˵ģ˵ŻƿֵԼԹһˣƿĸ׿QеĳгҾ˵˳ΪгĺҲ൱ĸߡ
ܣ
ƿڻûʲôкǹԶ緹û뵽Ȼȶĵ顣
١٣λôվߣȥ
ٺһЦкŻƿ׼ȥǿͣɲܹ˼ҡ
Ǻǣ֮ÿŸᣬû뵽⼸˾ȻǮǣǹȥ
вҲͼӴףʵģ°ֱóһǮ˻˼ǡ
ľԼҲѰ죬ǲûа취졣
˻˼ˣ
ǻ˼ڸ˵ĽͣƢѾˣһҲǻ˼ġ
ȻĿǰ֪˼ʲô˼ּԲôưոݵġ
ǣ˭Qиΰֱбۿ˿һԵļˣ˵϶⼸Ǯ˻ƿǡ
ǮǿԵģͬǸŵˣͲô׽ˡ
ģôΣ
°ӣһԼ˲Լǰﲻ֪ߵغQеͷ߰ɣ  ǣСӣͦᰡ֪Ǯҵ˭𣿡ŭһϾͻƿвʶġ
Щ˵ʵʵ̫ˣ˼ҾţQлûмʲô˸ǵǰΰ  ҹʲôˣиëϵӾǮզأҽ컹Ҫ߳Ը緹ҾҪᣡ
°Ҳһǿ֮ˣԽǱ˲ǸʲôԽҪʲô˵ͷ
˵˵ȥʲô  ޷Ǿһӣ  Щ˲ô˵վΪۣղų°ǮˣھǴǵ
°ܲôˣ°Ǯб
иͨСϰվһӵģҪ۸۸ҪôŪôŪ
ҪڵԽ¥ԷҪطԷ˼һƫƫͲط
˼ĸ൱ǿƣһʵȦ˶֪
Ҫǰѻٸˣôʱʲô鶼˵ҪǸš͵Ļ¾Ͳôýˡ
˼ǸˣҲԼѣ°˸ʲôأ
ҵҪܲطԷߵϰ壿°
Ȼǲܵƿˣų°ԲǵԽ¥ӭ˳Է
Ǻǣܶһ̫˽⣡ŵ˽֮Ͳ뷨ˣ
ţ  ʱ°¶һּȵţѾǴȾߵÿһˡ
ų°һ⼸ˣǶǱǿ׳죬·𲻰С




157¿Ѫ
 

зֹ˵ʲô˰  ôȥһһţ°ܹе֪֮ĻԼ̬Ӧ֪ôˡ
һﻹ֪ɽлƫɽе֣Ȼ˵һ
Ѳһͷ  ԥˣ֪Ӧôźˣ˵ڵһжǽڻƿͷвıϵġ
Խ¥Էˣܶ౳ǷǳӵģЩȻȥصģʵǳǿ
֮ǰĵԽ¥ͷһ飬һСԽ¥ԷΪһQеİͷӵ
һһ绰ûòӰѵԽ¥˵ˡ
ԴӾ֮Ҳǵ͵˺ܶ࣬˲òĵԭ֪
ų°һӣЩʶʵ֪λǡ
˭Ҫ߳ԷҾͲջ
˼Էǳǿңɹܲô࣬ʲôͷ
׻ƣЩĺõܲʶ
Խǻĺõģ˼Խǵ͵Ǯ飬һҲֻбó顣
ǱǾһҽ̼Ϊϸļӹš
Ҫ˼а壿ֱΣ
ҲǵͷҾûϵ˵е
ߣǰɣ֪Ҹ˭𣿡°ʱһ֮ΪĸоΪҪˡ
Ҫɵ֪°ܹʵġ
ס
Щп಻ȻһͷģֲøղôţѾĴ㰡
ǳٵĸSʡʡʡ
°Աߣһȳ°΢һֺ˵·׵һ㡣
Ķӣ
˼üͷһ壬ֲСôţԭǳĶӡ
˼ʶģ˵ҲһʵɵɲSʡǷˮ
֮ǰҲ˵пһҪӣΪSʡεʡѡˡ
ֻû뵽ӾȻ˵Ĳ
˼Ҷ˵ȮӣСӺֹȮֱȮ㲻ϣʲôϢ
¸ʡĹӣ
һ͵̼ңһһͷȻôҲһ
¸ʡʲô  ǷǳʱˣĹʱûдġ
ôҲû뵽ǰŵˣȻ˵ţ
ôˣţ
°Щɵ۵ӣһӱúˡ
ûûûûôܲأԭǳ¹ӰǴˮһ˲ʶһ˰٣
ʱѾʼϡˣɴܣСôҲܹɣ  һǳʡĶӣһǳгĶӣǹٶ
һɹЩ˶ѣеٶɵҲܹĸ˶ɣ
ҪĶĻǵʱùĿ¾Լˣ
ʲôϽɵƹ
ɲʲô¸ʡ¸ʡģǴӾǹģԭǿʲô˶ǵһġ
οݲ°ܹģһﲻǵطһʡĶӡ
ͨ˵Уһȷ˲õˣҲô¡
һλòһĽǶҲͲһˣ
ͻͨϰգһʲôʡʱ˵ɫѾŵķˡ
˵ʲôʡˣһʲôسʲôģǵжоһСĹˣ
ָٹ̵˼˵ѾˣԵ°ͷʱ򣬶ѾЩˡ
Ȼǿǰ׵˵ʱȴ˻ǵ˹Щ˵ʲôͷ
ײӲһǿͨͨѡ
ôһͨͨˣû뵽ôʱĹ򣬾Ȼڳ˴Ķ
ֲ֮ǰǸǵʦ֮ǰ̸۲мһˣ˼˻Ǵͷ  ٣⡭
û뵽ƿߵ˾ȻôĲ£ƿĶʲô˰  һʡĶӣƿҪܹ  ȻǲܵģҲǲܵġ
ǻƿߵˣȻֱ˼һʡĶӴԼĵԽ¥ⲻ  ƿʵҲǽп಻û뵽һﾹȻЩͷ
ʡĶӣʡôôݰĶӣˣ  ûоȨ˿˼ҪľȨ˼  ˼˿΢΢һЦǰɣǽԽ¥Էǲ뿴ˣ
˼ȻֻǼ򵥵һ仰ѾԼ̬ȣǾԲܸЭ  вûѪҪˣ  ĸ˵ĻһĲôŶͷ




158ǮԵٶ
 

ͬѪĺֹ  °ԭΪԼⱩ¶Լݶʱȴûзûн
˲·ư
Ҫ֪֮ǰ°һ¶Լݣôƾתģû뵽һξȻġ
Լ¶֮˾ȻãѲҪԼĵף
SʡԼϵĵ̰
°Щ㲻˵ôģѲʲôţƲɣ  ⲻ̫Ϻ
٣Ҳ̫ˣ
°ԱߣǼ˿ʼߥҲһס
⼸صߥ֮ĻѾǲðˡ
Щ˲ԼӣԼɾҪ˰  ǰ٣һƣǶ֪мֻ۰
һ޵ŮƺԵĸų°װװϰˣôĿȻһ
ܡ
˼Ȼſ֣Ŀ⵹һ
ƿܣ鰴ѵ˼ɣ
ƿ⻰˵ɣſɲɰðŵﳣʡĶӣδʡĶӣۿ̫ˡ
ʱһ飬ƿѾܱס
ԭΪһιǶԵģڿղ˵Լ²ҲˣʱԼܽء
٣ǳ¸ʡĶӰ
ѻƿһߣ൱Ѱ찡ܾһʡĶӣƨ붼֪ô  ţ˼Ҳŵɰ  óο˼һǳ¸ʡ׶ӣҪQԼĵԽ¥緹óԵĻԼԽ¥ľ͵ͷˡ
һ֪ǰƿҲܹġ
֮ζʵ̫ˣ  ʡĶôˣͰ죬Ұ㵣š
ƿĵڻ˼֪˼ĵϸʵôġ
ֻ֪ǰ˾ǻ˼Ҫ֪ĻҲôĵˡ
٣ǰưƵ˵
˼ܣԽ¥Ǯ
ʲô
ЩֵĿŻ˼һﵽҪʲôѲЩҪٽƿ֮ԼĵԽ¥  Խ¥Ȼ̸Ǿ۱裬Ƕ˵Ҳһ½𵰵ļ
ҪȥĻԼȻеǮˣǲҵûˣ
Խ¥ǷƷһԼҲ֪ѾֹһҪԼĵԽ¥ˡ
ҪԽ¥԰óⰡ
ĿǰԽ¥ôĵطûǲֵܳģȻԽ¥ֻ㣬ƷƼֵ͵λãھǹļ۸
ȻˣԽ¥ĳɽۿ¾Բֹڣƿ˺Ȼ֮ҪԽ¥Ͳòġ
Խ¥ô˼ЦһǮԵԸһε׼չ˵ǰˡ
ĳ°Ż˼˵װ棬ҲûװʲôβǣҲ𣿣ӾҪô򣡣
ʲô
׵ЩȦˣЩƵʵ
ƿ΢΢ЦѻĵԽ¥۰ɣ
٣ǡ
һƣԼô  ˼˿ڣһڼۣ
ڣ
һҪڵĻֶԡ
ڵĻԺǷϢҲǹˡ
ҲҪܲóڣ
°ƺӵһطı˸˵Ļ˿ɾͶˡ
ԲܹĿطߣԲܣ  ܿ԰ʦҹھǩתúͬǮڽ絽ˣ˼µЧ൱ĸߵġ
һԵĻƿҿ
вҲǵͷҷϼſԼŵ嵣
ڵĵһ˿ɲôҪһĲĻôǮɾɷϼˣķ˭֪
رεˣԲ˵ĵġ
ɽ
мĺܣھ൱ļ۸ˣ  ҳһǧĵԽ¥
°˵óѣԼҲԲܹʱߡ
ʱԽ¥ı˵ĻԼ¾ͻᱻɨسˡ
°Բܹ鷢Ҫ˵ǮûУܹʽкüڵġ
˵ˣԽ¥ҲһĿҲܹһɣ  °Ȼ竣漰߶ǮͶʣҲɵ˰ֱӽм۵ġ
˼Ҳû뵽һﾹȻҸԼмۣһʡĶӣôôǮ  һĸἯŵܲã
Ż˼ɻԴԵӣƿĶߵ
Ȼʶ°˵ĵϸ˵ġ
PSĸϣֵǶֹ֧Ʊ




159Ψ²ҵ
 

ǧ򣡣
һڶڻ˼˵ʲôڻ˼δǱ
Դѡ׺ױƷ֮һĿ
һڸ˼ȣһڻǮ
һԵǵЦŵϵܣôôСȻҪطֱںˣ
ڣ
˿׼ֱˣһǶǮܹļ۸񰡣
ڣ  ѾǳⷶΧˣ˵ʲôˣ
°ԭ׼Ҫۣɿ۵ٶȼֱϹ㣬˶ˡ
ǰɣСӣ
°ף·ҪһڰһԵвŸһ㡣
ǹģôˣ׿˿°㲻Ǯھһǣ
㡭
ǮˣҲôҵİɣ°ԼҲݽɫˡ
Լĸ߹ٶƵǣԼ˱Ǯ࣬ƺҲѹƲסˡ
ǮŪ˼ңȨŪ˼ң
ǵһβһ£һǱȱǿġ
˵Ǻʵѹ˵ģôܹܵˣ
ʲôңҪ۸Ͻۣ۵ĻǾ͸ҹ
׿ɲӣղһֱû˵һ˵ƺһˡ
úúãҽ쵹Ҫжţƣ
°Ц˲ǲʲôʵ
٣ҪҪҴ绰һװβǰQеĵؽϣ˸Ҹšͣ
˵˽κ̴绰˸ץQеĸӸ硣
°ƺʡĺĶӣûЩһְٰʵϵˣܲҲһҷԴˡ
κǵ͵֣κQҲһܲļ壬ںڰҲͨԵ֣Qеİ֮УҲһ൱ˮ׼ˡ
ܿ죬һ绰Ѿ˦˳ȥȻ٣绰ѾˣһӦþͻ˹ˣ
ƣڵļ۸ĳ˵Ļ˵ֱӾͻԽ¥ˣ
ɵҪ׼ӦʱѾ˱仯˾Ȼ̸ԼԽ¥ˡ
ѾǻһµĻ
ʱԽ¥ǰ˾֮ͣ˵Խ¥ǰ档
ܶ಻֪ʲô˶ﾯ쿴˹ȥ
κҲĳ°СƨȻģų°翴Լүүһ㣬Цڱܳʱӣκ绰ԼƸгĶذ
һʼΪܹƨڿ²ܹˡ
⼸һQǵȻӭҲ׼緹һﾹȻҪǰᣬҲˡȻǮѡ
ƿʲãʱѾ˭ıǿˣھԲˡ
⡭˵١٣һᰡԪҪ⣬ܵĻǽԴϲ
ֻϧˣǴش
ܹĻǻҪѾ̶ȣµϸҲ֪Ĳˡ
ëСӣھ˰ץȥץĶ㣡
Ψ²ңվˡ
°ŷԪκ˭ҪǰŪǣԺֵܣ
°ڵŭ˵ϣҪ֪ʡİֵĶӰʲô  û뵽˾ȻôĲԼСһֱµ  κٺһЦ٣ҲǲҪӼǾǼҺˣҵҪװǲκ
κκ٣۾һɣжһ¡
Ҫ˵QУκҵʵǿ൱ţ氡
˲֪QҲ߳һôܲʶκżأ
ֻûпκٵ׳ʲôӣ  񿴵κκ⼸֣ԭѾǳ׸ıˡ
ҿûлôţҪ¥˳۸񣬵ܲһɣ
κ˵ͱȽϵУѯʵϵھвˡ
Цһץκκ٣ǵҸ𡭡룬Ҳ룡
ǲ룬ǮҲһ  ˶Ǵʡиˣһƽͷϰôڲأ  ʵǺ»ƿڣӺκĳӵܣΪƿ˻˼һЩκҾͲ.  ûоԼأôڲУ  ܣ㻹ʵϰƿһһĻҲһû뵽°ȻκҵСߵһ顣
˵ҲûмκΪĸQ껹ûкطϵ
κȻҵʱȴˣһطԱȥҵ˵ͷ׻ƹǾġ
ˮˮ
Ψһ飬ƿںκҹӵ棬עҪĦһЩˮġ
ˣ°Цһܻʶ֮ˣڸӹӾ͵Ǹƨ
ų°ֵŵôҴź˼Ȼз˹  κ׵˳ЦһǿϧͷΪеǮţˣҸǣQУҲøţ
κ˿̰ʮ㣬Լʵ˵Ļ  һ˵һ飬̹Ҳûôйǳ
κôҲû뵽ʱȻҲҸԼôţ
Ҫ˵һԵĳ°κֻҪҳˣԺκSʡҲǰٳ߸ͷһ
˼мһЦԼˣ
Цŵ磬Щ˾ϲԼ̫£
ƿŻ˼ڱܺǰˣ˻֪֪
ƿ磬ҵĵؽϣһǳԿвκʶ
вŻƿЦŵʶʶʶҲ




160ŵĴ
 

κʵӹûжãȥεһȦΪ˵īˮ԰ڣ
κҵȦӺͻƿ뷽вһ·ģԻ࿴Ҳġ
κʶвһ˸ô˵κңɫ׵С˭ֱŲŪ㣿
в˿κκǰװװҲˣŪңҵŪңҪǲŪңӣ
֮ǰκװвҲû̫£ʵԼҪĸκҷͻҲǺܺõ顣
Qм֮У/κȻ㲻ǿļ壬ҲǶˣ  κʶвв˵ţܲ
һԵԭ׼ֱӳָɷ⼸˿ţЩˣô
Żƿ쳣˷ܵӣҲżҲͿˡ
°˿ƿƿȻӽˣǴ˸ҲԼ̣СѧһȥԼϵ
ƿ˿°һֵҾЩԼƲסˢˢĵ
°ƿӦˣЦ㻹үǣκ
٣ʲôԸ
κһ°Լԭв۵СۣҲĹȥˣ  °κЦղû˵ֻҪôŪУиǰᣬҸ׼Ƶˣɣ
Ƕ˵ʲôȻʲôһƿҪüͷҾͲջƣƿҲǸƢȻǲᶪӵġ
ƿȻҲԼ̣QҲźܸߵģκϵΣⲻɮ濴棬ǵҹ֣Ȼ޻أ  κ㻹Ÿʲô֮ǰ㲻˵ʲôүүӦҲɵóˣ°κ˵
κˣֲøղųһֱô˵ڿһİȦˡ
ƿôҪӣƳǹغòܶԼϵ  °Լǿ˵һĿʼˣֻԼ÷ǳѣ
ү
вɫ൱ѿһˣ  ү˭˼ԱЦʵ
Ҫ֪ھǿô飬ȻıҲǿ
вɫЩѿ˵үQаеĴ󼶵κҾǰҵģֲøղûٲиԭô¡
вƺ֪һ˼һжѾˣ
˲֪ƿƢɷвܻƿ˼֪꣬ܲƿƢ
ˣ棡  ۲ԸԸǸˣȴҲпܱá
˵ײǸʲôЦһⲻǸ־ѣ
ܷΪǻƿĲãǲŻ֣ҪȻ˵أ
в̵үͷܴģ˵ʲôݣʲôˣһûп˻үʲô³أ
вκһôʶ˵أ
ﻢ°ƿȻҲ˵үģ
ү廢QоԵĺƼҵ峤ƼȻض˵κҺͷҼ¶ƼҵĶ֣
вղΪʲôһᵽκҵʱмһˣһᵽүֵʱɫˣΪƼҵĵλ
˵вҲǸQеˣҲ֪⻢үʲôͷСŻүĴ˵ġ
٣⻢үҲһܹĶҵʶκҲǵ
Ƶ˵㲻˵Qûвôؼʱ̾͵أ
°Ҳưղһᵽүʱ򿴵ƿͷвӾ֪ˣүǸţˣ  ΪκţĸԼүһ绰ͻʱһﾹȻ˵ֻʶӣ  κүɲʲô˶ܹöİ㻹֪ɣ˵ǵĴԱҲйһүģ
°ô
κ绰ղǸʲô˸绰Ȼûһᣬϲ̵Ŀų°٣ղѾ绰ˣ˵һ͵
°ͷˣСҲǺõġ
ƿͷвɫ̫ÿų°κɪӣүоһĶˣ
׿˿ƿֵܣҪæ𣿡  ˼Цŵ˵ӣȻ˼ҽˣǾͻ˼Ҳţ
ƿǸҪ֮ˣ˼ҿҪæҵס
ǵƼҵˣҲҪӸһ
ƿûû£Qؽϣһֵ۸ҽʲôү˭˭ҪǶҵֵܣҿɲ
κƲƲһм˵ٰ٣ϣһỹôţ棡




161Ҹ绰
 

  Qлү֮QУܶ˸֪˭
˲֪ү˭Ȼܶ˲ʶүǻүǻ֪ķǳġ
ΪʲôΪү
˭Ҳ֪үôģҲ֪үôţģ  үţˣ
ҵﻢүˣǸ߹ٻṆ̀˵ûʲôã
˵һЩΪ˻үĪľʧˣ
ȻˣһжǴ˵Ҳֻ˵  үѾкܶûгˣ⽭ȴһֱŻүʹ˵
ƿͷвʮֵĵǣΪүһɿصأ  û뵽κȻʶүⲻǳô  вҲ뵽ˣ˵үǰɳκҵ겻Ҳǰɳ  汾ǧ˿Ƶϵ  ׺ͻ˼ΪоЩģǾȻǱ߳㣡
ڳ°˵УǾԸܸܵΣ
˸ݣȻ߳Զκоûаа  °ɫҲ൱ѿΪԷѾˣ
û뵽ԼȲ趼ûкϣ˵ǳ
ѾķԱҪ¥ˣڳ°κҪʲô¶ǲ̫ˣ
°ЦһڿǳԵĻСĽ嵥
κͷ٣Ͳ ˣһٹĻ˵ˣ
ôţ°Сʵʱ˳ӣǿɾͶ˶˰
٣㻹Ҹʶһʱˣ˸һǿǻүӰ
κУ⻢үһԽĴɽ  °ǰĻƿͷвҲˣ  ҿɾĿԴˣӦ֪ҳ°ʵģһǾ仰һһӣԺȥʡǣǾֵܵˣ
°ǸôҪǮֿͷ֧ƱΪóˡ
¥⣡  һҰĺԽҰһͣ⣬ǵ¥µһȣ
˭
κ˿µһӦҪ࿴ۣ
ֺԽҰȥȻǶҲ൱˧
һԼĪʮӴӳ൱  ֽҲκеλ٣
·ķ󲽣ںܶ˵У˼ʱ  ˼ҵɵӣͷôܹܹжأ  ߣα뺷ıڣ˶ƺӰ룡  ŵ¥¥˹ȥԭҲ׼緹ġ
κԼ绰˵мΪʱҲЦˣ
  һҪκɼȻҪ緹ܹ˭ţ
Ȼ൱ˣ
١
ԶԶĿǱ˹κЦ绨ܵĸǰ
Ҫľжģű˶ǼƤһذ
˿κһֵ˵СκӰһ캰ص˵۸ˣQ۸˿²ɣ
κЦһ٣Ҫûа취ôɽأ
˭ôţҵQеĵؽ۸Сκӣ֪ŵ𣿡˵Ҳ൱İޱߣ  κұQоŰ֣ҲЩˣ
ǡ
κָһԵĻƿˣ
ţƿвһˣҲ΢΢һЦǿ»۸ɣ
ŻƿͷвȻôʶҲʶġ
ֻƿ֪ȻʶԼǷвȷǺԹһη
˵ĽǷǳǳģղѾ˵κŵģ˵˵Ĺϵǳ
٣þòвҲ΢΢һЦ
˿в˵в㲻úõķϼŴţܵ¥۸ҵСܸʲô
Сܣв˿֪һЩˡ
һͰ鶨ˣ˵κСܣǲûκλת  ǣСκҵС㶼֪ͳһ̣ϣһԵһںܿĸȼˡ
°оʵЩţ
ԼˣȥƺҲû˺ʹ
٣Ǿˮˮôвʵ
ʲôܼ򵥣۸ҵСܣ¸СܵǸˡ
ƺ˵һ飬Ҫ֪Էв棬µǸǲܵ飡




162
 

Խ¥¥
˿ĵƺıƣһƬأܶԭ߳緹ԵĻ˼˶оʵ̫ˣ  ׵Щ֣һ￴ȥƺЩӰӣӦŶѾ뿪  ˵Ӧǵõʲô˵ָ㣬ֻҪȻһͨҪôһ˿˿ûӴһЩκε˻һԵġ
ԽԽ಻Ⲣעľص㣬̫ˣŵѾǽԽ¥ΧЩͷúܶ˶浽ף  Ǵһ﷢ʲô顣ͻĻһ˹£Ƕţأ  ٣˵ʲô
ܿ췽вһĻ˶һƱؾװֲŵľѾǳ˽һǸǺǹʵȥ֮ͣУ
Ϊ׵һŶԽţź˳˽ʲôʸ¹أ
ǿԪµʱѾӭԭǻΪʲôװֿҷȻզΣɽ֮ȴֲҲҪô¡ôİɣ
ʲôν£
ǾûκεװֿͿԵģǼȥ޸֮˷вߡ 
˵Ļû𣿿Ӳãؾ֧ǰĵǲ䶼ʹ˰
Qؾ֧Ӹ֧ӳһЦһνӵȻ󵽴ֳҲʮԵʱ䡣
Ԫ¿ĵκҲǳĺһŵ٣ղװϮѺңҰץһﻹڱ˵أ
װϮңҺðôƽ׽ˣ˭ҰĻȻҲŵġ
κԲܵô˵ƭԼɣ
Щ˱̬Ǳߴʴʣ
٣κҵ̫Ҳ㷢ͻҿҺκҵ黹ԼɣƼҲС
вɫҲ൱ҡ
̧ͷѿڷԪʼղѾˣҪҲˡ
һûʱ飬ҲԼ̫µĻԪµŭ
ץ
Ⱥؾߵָӹ٣ȻȨ
ץȥ˵ڵʱƼҷʲô飬ǷԪµͻ
ϣƼҵ˶ܹ˳ȥô򵥣  ôأȻˣȻ˵ʲֻôҲûκο׵Ĺϵ뿪أ  вĻ׵ļŭ
ƿвԼĻУ˿ŷвЦһһǴ˵ڶġƸ˵һ飡ϽСܹµǸӴӳ֮Ҫǿ£ǾͲǹµˡ
ƿЦһΪ˭һƿɲ㣡
ƿ
ԭûעվԱߵĻƿӴӴӴҲ൱ĳģĸ׸İֻƹĶͷ˾һǴ£  ƤֱŻƿ٣ô⣿⡭⵽ô°
Ҫ˽ףӷͬ򵥵ĵ㲻᲻ɣԪѾĵҪȺˡ
ʱ˵ǻƿQһװӵڶߣҲ
ûлͷ  ֻ֪ܹӲͷƤǰԲܹһ
°ѾǱһԵļؾŷԪ¼ֱ֣Ұץץһ͸Ұִ绰ҾͲ˴һܹȻĹ
ǣģͽԲѵġֻ©񾯲Ϊ򱧲ƽģ
仰˵ȻȻڳйŶһıģ  ˵ıȳĺʲô񾯲Ϊ
˲ǳ°һͨϰյĻĽ־Բˡ
ʱԪ¿¾͹ƿˡ
Ȩ຦ȡᣡ
Ԫھȡ˳°һΪ°ĸǳʡƿĸײǳгѣźüء
һƣĶʲô鰡ڶˡ
ԭΪǳʲô˲õĴأװϮȨĲﰡ
һ£ʮؾ¥ĹΧˮйͨ
һȺ˺ǹʵȥӷǳˡ
ٿ˼ˣϵıǷƵ
ǰһؾ΢΢Цһץ㲻ϵĻʲôá
үүץʲôƿһԵķвקקƿʾҪ嶯
˿ͷϵĻƿôвȰأ
ְ
¶һ˿Цݣܾû˸ôԼ˵꣬ˡ
ҲһиİѾĹӣиͷֹأ
ǰǻװһ㣿Ƽҵʵ  ֣Ǻǣһû¹Ǹ֪ĻΪǷأ˳ȥ˼ԣӸ¹㻹֪ʲôƿŭǿɶ˵
ֿӣǲ¹ˣ쳣ĺ䣡  һԵĳ°˿ìڿʼתˣҲһĸˣ
ٹȻ޼ްԼģQûôţȣ
ǺǣʲôʹˡƿЦһ
ò棬Qж˸۸ˣԺڻ˼˵ǰʲôԣ
ǵ͹ţ
ͷڵȴһ˵ɡ
ԥҡвҲŭĿʵ̫ѷҵһˣʱԼһ°Լȥ⵽ʱƴˡƣ
Ԫ¸Ҫ˵һ̣Ȼӻ֣
ʱ׳˶ıڣѾŻƿͷвĸǰ˹ȥ
ʲô
вҲһȻҲ˼˹һְҵڣⲻԼļ˳Լ𣿼ʻԱЩ֮⣬Ļһ㣡
вļʻԱվĸǰܿѾǸһڲһ  һֱһȭ
ȭͷֱӳŷвż۶ٶƺ÷вκεķӦĻᣡ
вʿˮ˶ܣ
ΪоԼʵ޷ٶȼӭͷһ
ԪСġ
˼Ҳǵһ˾Ȼ˵־Ͷ֣һ׶ûа
أ
ΪһȭȵҪڷвϵʱȴ鲢ӣ  ײ֪ʲôʱȭͷѾǶǸں˳ȥǳȭǡô
ǲ  ǱôҲû뵽˵һȭȻôһ죡
ʹԼ¶ʹ֮ɫ  𾪣  һ˲䣬涼˶Ŀ˿ף
˭Ҳû뵽ȥ꣬Ȼٵıһȭˣ  Сӣ򲻴
ոڼҳ緹˿ûκεĵǣ˿͸һֻȴ˻ƿĶš â  Ȼƿֻ׿˿Цһҵһͨ޶ȵ꣬һøװԼҲǻƸг˭۸ҵĸ鳤ѣٺˣҲа  û뵽յ¥£ȴôͣߣѾ֪ˣ϶˾ǳˡ
鳤벻ҪǵģѾǹ˲ôˡ





163´
 

¥ѾһƬţ
κôҲû뵽ԭΪΪĳֳ׵ĸı䣡  ɵı׼ȥΪԼʱ򣬾Ȼ飡  κл൱ĿĵģϾôкùӳأ
һԵĳ°ϣ˴Ѿ֣Ҳһ⣡
κ»ͦ׵ģٵȷǰޱȣ
ֻʱҲǾһ£ĳô
ʱ˾ȻôܴҲǲ֨ˡ
׾ȻԼıڸˣһջ𣡣  ֻǰףҪ֪һȭҲǿģΪСԼүүϰ䣬Ѱ˸ԼĶ֣
ƽʱҲװװBɶģΣյĻǿԼġ
ڶ˵ǾҪԼѳӸһô򵥣
ĺޣǺǣܾû˸ô˵ˣǵһҿԺҵĸ㣬㳹׵ļŭң
Ŀһһ³Ļ˵ɱ˿¶ûµġ
ıԼүүʲôأ
ֻ֪ǣһߵˣ  ŭ㣿ΣײмЦЦ
ҪȻǻ߰ɣƿͷвͬʱߵ׵ĸǰ
һԵĻ˼׳֣ҲЦҪ֪֪׺ģ
ڿô˼ˣ  ˼ЦŵߣСôţָ磬ǵƣǶ֪үмֻˣ
һҲΨ²ҵ˵ָ磬ɶҰ㶵ţҺݺݵĴ򣡣
ȥɣ
ں֢״£ֱһų׵ĸǰ˹ȥ

ŵʵ̫ˣһ˿˿ķ
ӣӲܹóģ  ֻϧ׵Уһʵ̫ˣ
֮Ϊû֧ţѾǳǰ˦˳ȥ  ˳һţ  أ  ĽŵװֱƨϣСΪʧȥֱһʺſ˵ϣ
ͣ  óһĻ֮󼸸ҲЦ
ǸղѾжˣûиǰϾĳͻһѧ˵Щ̫ܹܣ
ǱϾ˼ǳ緹ô˵Ҳóվվ̨ɣ
˿ڿɫͨ죡  оԼһĻˣʵ̫˰
û뵽һﾹȻҲǸϰ֮ˣϰ֮ˣǸԼĶְ
ɱ㣡
״ӵоһ߳ܣһֳ裡  Ҫ˵һӣҪȻĻԺQԼһûˡ
٣ҪȻǻ߰ɡκʱһεĴ̼
ߣߣСӵڣQеĵϣȻ˸Ҷ֣ҵҪǲǳıӵˣ
Ǻǣ۸۸ϰˣô۸ˣҾ飡˵ҲǱȽϵĬȤ  һԵĻ˼ЦŵСӹһҪް
ҿҲǣû뵽ָôզ֮ǰûзأһ۵˵ҪҲôţͺˣ  Уһذף
һ￴ȥЩˣôڷܹأ  ಣ
һ壬еǱâĵذѾǳ׵ĸǰ̶ֱȥ  Сġ
ں濴һľղֻǶֶѣھȻѾǿʼˣ  ߣ
ԭҲֻҪһһѵû뵽һﾹȻ  ǲǲ  ͷѵѾǳ׵Ķѣ
ȻûɱһֻǷˣĸְæĻ޿ڻָˣ  ໡˵ıԵ쳣ʹ࣬ȥƺܵ˺ܴĿһ㣡
κ˶ʿˮЩŵˣ
˵Ǹɶİô͸Ҷٶأ
ƣ  κһƣоԼ첻Ϥˣ
΢΢κáҵֻ绰үүҪɱСӣҪɱǣ
ҧгݣ  ˿̵ĶͷȫϸôҲû뵽ԭܺõĹװװ棡  û뵽Ȼ˵У  κ̲ͨ˻үĵ绰Ȼļ֮ʵ൱Ŀĵģ  ۵ֲżɶ
СģϵȻҲͻˣӹɵģ




164еܾĻү
 

QƼң
廢ڼкŲ裬ʵƼҵ峤֮⣬ʵһݣ  Ǿ׻ĳԱ
廢ΪصļеһԱΪʲ̫ãһֱûʲô  Ҳ뿪ˣ׽켣һЩ꣡  ԼӶˣҲǵ͵˺ܶ࣬Qвߵã
Դǧʧ֮QȻһЩ߹ɿûʲôҲˣ  廢һֱϣԼܹػţһֱûٻҲûκεİ취
廢Ʒʱĵ绰ˣ
һԼĵ绰Ҳüͷ  ԭʱصһģ
ԼӸʺ棬Ҳͷˣ  ʵϣһֱϣԼܹһܳŵӳ
ʱԼصǲָտɴ
ȻƺһЦԼĶû츳Ҳˣ˸ӣû츳  ׽絹ǻķˮ𣬿廢У׽ʲôأ
κĵ绰廢廢һԼڵ¥˸еʱ  ˶ˣ  Q˭Լֱ棿һЩʶ˵Լҵġ
ҪԶ־ܹˣ
ȻQдԼӣ⻹ˣ  ԾǶԼһư  廢ܿľ˵¥ʱɫǳŵģһҲûд͹ˣ
廢Լ˵ĻǾǴһٸ˹ܸʲôأ
ү
κһ廢ĵ˸оһˬ
ʵǰҲԶԶĿүһۣ⻢үƽʱŵģҪһȥʱпһ۵Ļʶүģ  С˭أ廢Լ󴦶ѵϸ첲Ҳðһ⣡  үү㡭ҪΪұ𰡣˴ſǻԼүүȻˣ
׿廢Ҳһ˿ɫͷȻһλߣ  ߾Ȼ׽磿⵽Ϊʲôأ
ĹأѲˣ
֪ѰѾǽˣ˿廢ʵ̫ŰһЩȻ㲻̣̹̣ܽܽܽ
Сӣҵӻֲָֻţĸִģ廢վĿΧˣһܹеġ
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ҲҪԣһһԵ廢ͷ𣡣
ѹȸУ
ѹȸղеĸܵˣ޺ˣղ΢΢ߣȻܵһĪѹ  ߣ
ĪǴߣܲʵ
㡭㡭廢ѿڶ֣ɿΧôˣסˣ  һ֣Ȼ뵽飡
ѲͷȻˣĻղЩ˵ĻҲͽ͵ͨˣ
Ҫ֪֮ˣ׽ĵλǷǳԺյģ  廢ĵλ˵Ժգ˵пܾ֮ˣ
뵽ԼһĹ֤ҲǴӶóݸ廢Ҳ
廢һóǸ֤иоشûһ£  Լǻ°㾹Ȼҵǰϣ  һԼ͸ǰСûбֱӸˣѾǲе˰  ǡǸա廢֪׽磬Ҫһ׽Ĺصģ  ֻһԵ˿ͳ˸廢Ѿǲ֪νˣҲһƣ
ǳ°ˣȻоһĲԣ֮лԼҪСҪţĶ࣡  ף׳
ҡһȥ֮һϼӹܽ廢׵ӣҲһ
׳ϣ˰ɣһٿһĻ¾Ͳôˣ
ǣ˵ǣ
廢ҲҴңȥҲҴң
ǲΪԼӱ𣬿׵ǰƺһ˿˿ķ֮ûУ  κ˿廢ȥӣҲŵøϽų°ˣ
Ȼ֪ʲô飬κ֪Լһ𰡣үﲻˣԼզΣ  °ߣһֱûгĳ  κ֮ߵ뿪κż˳һ˹ȥ  κ˿°ӣҲ΢΢ҡͷүҵˣ㻹ΪԼţأ  һҲ뿪ߣ°ȻҪǾԼȥˣ
鲻Լˣ
׵˿˾ô뿪ˣû׷ʹ֮⣬廢ϾҲߣһλҲδɣ




165ֵܵ
 

ŷ㳡  ΪȫԵŷ㳡ȫ֪ȼⲻΪǵʵڡ
ҪΪǶȥӪԼ˼ֳѾΪǮ˵Ĵ
˼ҵĸνҸ
һ˼ˣߵġ
׺ͻ˼˻ŷ㳡棬Ϊ⼸һλؼңǱȽϵӵġ
ָ磬ʲô˼ʵ
Ҳ֪ҪЩʲôôջ¡˴̾ưƷʲôľˡ
׻Ĳ֪ԼҪЩʲôȻˣҲǾ㿴ˡ
УǾȥһ¥Ǳ߿ɣֻҪָ㿴ϵã˼Ц˵
һԵ˵磬ÿզ˶ǮָզͲҪǮ
ָܱСӷǮ˼һֵ
˵ĺҺܲǮһװһۻ˼Ȼһδðײã
˵Ҳǰ磬ҲܰҲǮġƺռе˵
õõãͲʶˣ˼˵ʹӣ˸оһĺЦ
һ¥ͥ
첢ʲô죬Ҿżʵ죬ŷ㳡˲رĶࡣ
Ǹոտ˸ӵˣ  ׺ͻ˼˽뻪ŷ㳡ʱȴһ¥Ǳһ̨Χżˡ
ŹװŮӺһŹװ֮⣬Ÿ̬ŮվǱߡ
ףСֵ裿
׿ǸŹװŮӣҲЩɻ̧ͷ
վǸȥʮҵŮ׷ǳϤΪǰѧʱֵܵĸס
С֣ԭ뿭һǱһеġ
ԭС˵ǼģΪĺѧУϲˣԼļ˾ҹϵ˱һС
һȻQʮλҲǱõѧ֮һѧУҪúܶܶࡣ
Ҫ֪һеıѧȫһֱǰéģСһѧʵҲǲˡ
뿭һģƽʱϵǳĺãֵܰĸ顣
֮ǰ׳µĻ˵ڿ϶Ҳϵġ
Դ֮ǰ֮뿭ʧȥϵ
֪뿭ȥʲôطѧӲ֪ĵ绰ʲôˡ
ԭԼȶ֮˵û뵽ԼȻԼֵܵĸס
ȥQеʱ򣬻ȥ뿭ļԹٷʱ뿭˵һQеһ̳Ǹܡ
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˼һֱǱ߿Щʵôˣʶ
Ҳ̫ȷɡ
ʵĿǰʵ˵Ҫȷһʵ̫ˣֻ˵һЩضѡ
˼üһϸտҵôй˿ͶأQô⣿
£˾һȥ£̫ү΢˽ãֵôԵһεİأ
Щ٩ĿŻ˼Цŵ
˼û˵˵Ѿ벻ҪѵĶ㻰࣡
ûҲܸǮǣ磬ǮţưСҵĶͷѾǳֳһдķ֣
һ֣лǵ٩֮ɫǳŨء
˳Ǳߵķ˹ȥҲҪ浽׷ʲô顣
˵ôµģǲǣ̳Ǿײң
һָ̬Сֵȥʢ˵ĺܡ
ԲλŮʿΪֵЩżˡղһûпԲԲ𡭡
Сֵ迴ȥͦʵһˣڻŷ㳡˽ʮ꣬ӿҵͽˡ
쵽ҲǸСܣҪ֪̳רԱܡܼࡢܡܾηǳʡ
ҲǱȸսıҵ΢ôһζѡ
ŽѧԽԽߣСִרѧԽԽˡ
ΪǻŷŵԱĻڶ֪ٴˡ
ԲһԲˣ֪·Ǯ𣿰Ҹ㣬·Ǯײһ£·Ūˣ˵ô죿
󸾲ĵʵ
·ˣôأ
СֵЩƣԼײһǲײһ¾ܹ·ײˣҲ̫˰ɣ  ǻ˼ҶˣҪȻ㲻Ҫ⣬ǾͰǵ쵼
긾Ů˫ֲ䣬Ҫô˾жôĻˡ
̳ϾǷԵҵһĿ߶ЩԱǷǳġ
Ϊ̳һ㶼ѡϢˣһֵۿ͵ĸо̳Ը⿴顣




166Ĺ
 

ŷ㳡ͥ  ΪһССײѾǴ󳳴ǸŮʢ˵˿ŸоһĶġ
СֵƣоԼͦùġ
ԭͲô˳ģ֮ǰűܼ˳ģôܹĵأ  Ҫˣ̳ĸֻѾǽ׼׶Σǳķӡ
һƾͱȥϾһĹҲǲ׵ġ
ҲΪԼĶ׬ǮҪ֪ԼĶѾϴѧˣѧҪ׼ˡ
Qеķһ׶ǣѾ˸оһĳԲѹȻҲǲСġ
׻иϰߣǾзҪиӣҪȻҶ󶼷ǳѡ
Ϊĸף˭ϣԼҵĶܹҸõĶأ
ǾܵΪԼһṩʵĻΪ˸ĸġ
ܹʧȥݹ  ˵ô죿
Ǹд޵ıģŹװŮˡ
ã·ˣҿʦһ£ȻԲֳܹ
˿ϵۣ
ȻЩţʵϺ̼ܶҾôġ
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ˣ⡭ֻһ£
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ʱ·ҲˣǮһǮûл
·ʶģȷǷǳĴƣ·ȥĿ͡
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ܣô£
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ԭҲ쵼ͷ쵼֮һҪ־
ܼ࡭
ƿˣҲнп಻ܼôأ
Ҫ֪ܼΪǰ̨ӪŵĸˣȨǷǳġ
ֻܼಢϲƣһƵѧͣƵʹ󣬺ܶˡ
ӴС˰һΪ۸š
󸾱Ŀһۺܼܼ࣬ӦǱȽϤġ
ܼ೯󸾵ķ˹ȥһ˿΢Цѽѽ㣬˵ﻰܲӴһιȿǷǳĴŶм·һֱҪܸء
Աһ·ҸСײҵ·㿴ŦۣҪˣ·ǲҪˡ
ŮһֱȽϼ̱ˣҲطġ
ܼ࿴˿ŦۣЦŵ㣬ô죿Ǿ
ô죿ܼ򵥰·Ǯ·覴Ҳ봩ˡ˱·ǮҪȻԺһͲ⻪ŷ㳡ˡ
ܼɫһȻ֪Ǵͻÿڻŷ㳡Ѷǰ֮ޡ
ָ߶˵VIPͻһֱ̳ص㱣ĶһǵĿ߻϶ǵһʱġ
ܼüͷһܣôôСģ˵ʲô飿߸·ܹײˣ
ܼ࣬ҡҡ
һҲ֪˵ʲôˣȷзǳί
·Сһ£һ´һǸҲˡ
û뵽ôĲģҪԼ⳥⽫·
ڻŷ㳡ܣһҲǧǮھԼһĹûˣ
ֻǧǮĶΪϢҧҧҲ͹ȥˡ
ǰ˵·һ⳥˵ģôԸأ  ܼ㻹Ʊ磿Ѳԩ㲻ɣҸƣҪһ
ܼ࡭
ͷһܼΪԼ쵼Լ˵ҲˣȻñֱӿԼͷϡ
һʱƸозǳίίûеطйʮˣᾹȻۿдתһĻŵȷЩ
ʲô黹ˣ㲻԰ʰ
ܼ಻ʮѣô˵Ҳ㱲ֵˡ
һԼСʮ˺ݵĸһκ˿¶оŤɡ
·Ǯˣ
ʱѾǰȥҲһĲˬⲻǹ  һ·ѣŦۻһ²ˣ
PS8ϣֵǶ֧֣һЩֵ˵ɢĸʵҿԶԱһ£ɢĵٶĲɢıûд͵֣һһ°ɡҲϣҲҪˣⶼˣ




167¹󸾱
 

Сף
ƸоһʱȴһϤӰԼӵֵס
׿Цŵϰ̣þòŶ
Сףô˰ѧУż𣿡ɻĿ˿ס
ʵ⺢ƵлǷǳģѧϰɼò˵ǳĶ¡
һֱԼĶӸһͦõģֻ֮ǰ˵׳ˡ
ԼĶҲһֱƲ֣׵ôˣֻ˵ԼҲ֪
û뵽쾹Ȼڻŷ㳡ף⵹һĸˡ
ЦŵţѧУżˣҹ㶫׼ȥһ˵ġ
ţһᰢ㿴ЦƺΪ׶˲١
ߣСҵ·
㿴ǰëͷСӣһʵ鲻ˬ
ϴ裬㳤ĳҲˣǳôӴ˾㲻˰ɣ
һ˵ܹ˵֣˻һֱһըһ㡣
㡭㡭˵˭ϴأ
ɫѾѿ˼㣬Ůʲôĳ  ԭľеϣΪǼǮĻҲ˵
ΪǼǮܶ˶ںܶ˶˵ʺãʲôģǷǳš
ôһ˵˼Ҫˡ
㲻м˵ǳϣĶҲ⣬ҲǰëͶˣ
㡭Ҹƴˣ
ֱһǰץ׼ͷ
СڲӴԺģһɲǸʲôʡ͵ĵƣټ֮ǰ·ǳĹ֣Ů˴ˣ  飡  ֱһžȥˣһֱӾͰɷɳȥԶֱſ˵ط
˶סˣһԵƣ  ƴʱɫһ֪ŵĲᰡҪȻԲɫҰ׵ġ
ס֣
Ȼ֪һҲǰ׺̲סĺ˳ǰȻ֪Ǹʲôġ
˼ҿǮˣͷǮ˶³Ƿǳҵġ
׻СһԵһ׵ѣȻим׹Լְ֪æʵ䷴ġ
Ȼƻδʱ򣬺ܼѾ𣺡ǾȻڻŷˣƣû뵽㲻ûϴ˼Ȼ˹ˣ԰
˼˿ܼ࣬ñӵĹҲһҿŮȣΪܵ쵼ԼԱҲˣȻ侮ʯҲܽ쵼
ôйϵ㻹һᾯôɣܼЦһ
㱻ˣִˣ  QҲͷôܻưոأ
ܼԭͿƣһý˻ʹŮ˸ߡ
ûйϵҲ֪˵·Һܲϲ˼Ķ˰
ֵָܵ裬Ȼ߱۸ˣ⻹
װʲôβǣܼЦһ
׿˿ܼ࣬ȻŻ˼˵˵Ҳ̫˰ɣ
˼һЦ⣬⣡
ʼ磬Ȼ̣ȥ㶫ɣСֻô
ƿЦһʱﻹ˼ȥʲô
û뵽׾ȻôĻ˾Ȼȥ֣һôĺأ
ƵףǸϽ߰ɣ㡭
ߣǼС˵ȻҴңȻҴңҪҵ
㼸վվʱԼĶӡ
ԼҲû뵽⼸˾ȻᶯִԼѾˣȻǷŭѡ
ܼ࿴վˣϽߵߵ㣬ͷİɣѾ㺰ˣЩܶûܣ
С̳˴ˣô˵
ڲͻСֻԼһ٣԰Ŀ׼˺ܼࡣ
̵ܼǼ˵һȾײơ
̳ҪҵҽҩѺ;ʧѣûиҿ϶ưոݵģ
ʨӴ󿪿Ѿһˣһô˵ȷŵˡ
ԭ鲢û˵⣬Ϊ׵ĳ֣龹ȻŶ񻯵ķչˡ
ƵĺܣװԼǺĲɺȴ˻£ôأ
ǵʵҪ㶷Ǽǲܵ飡  һ϶Χ߸ʲôϰ𣿺ܼ࣬˵
Щŵʱ򣬴˵߳һӣȥʮ꣬ĳڵɫɫġ
˲Ǳˣǻŷ㳡Qеĵܳ壡




168΢˽õٶ
 

ٽܳÿҲѲ
˵Qлŷ㳡ҵĳõĻδпܳΪŷŻܲõĺѡˡ
ȻҲеţϣʲô۶ӳ֡
Ȼյ棬ͿһΧߣһԼܼ˵ղ߷˴ܶŹ¼
̳ܶŹ
ʲôʾͲ˵ˣδ̳ҵӰĴġ
˿̳湺ﶼܹõЧİȫıϵĻô˼ƾʲô㻪ŷ㳡أ  QеļҴ̳֮ľǳǿһֱѹҲǺܴ
ֻŷ㳡һǳĹ㳡ҵ֮ͬһֱ̳ѹСһЩ
һιڼգҵȶĻôľǿˡ
ԣȻŭɶϾǵܣѾˣҪС
ܣµĺԱȻ˹ң
ʶģһˣֱӳų巢˻
㣬㱻ˣ
ɫѾѿ˼㣬Ǹ߼VIPͻѰ򼶱ġ
ĿͻԼĵ̱ˣԼˡ
һָԼ·ϵĽӡֹ򣿲㶼Ҫˣ˵ɣô죿̳ġ
㶼ģ
м˵ŮһǮֵоԼһ㡣
ܼһˣǰȥܣǶԲûдã
µ˽˴˹˿ͣʵ
̵ܼƵܣһʼ˿ˣȻһЩĦȻ˹㡭
˼һԿ⼸Ϸ֪Լ¶ԸԼ˾˾ȻĻɫ
ƶ޳ˣųܣ鲻ӵġ
忴˿㣬Ȼֿ˿Ƶ㣬µԱŪģ˵ô죿
ֱӿˣ⳥Ҿʧ򣡣
㵱ʲõ˵˳о򶼲Ҳֻܹˡ
㣬ǲ̫һЩһûеôóȻġ
Ȼ֪㱻ˣ֪Ӧò˵ӡ
ǰƵܣһǸʵˣԼжϡ
οܶԱڿأ弴ҪƣҲԲʱ
ȻҪĿˣ֪ԱŽҪԣһζذ˿ʹѹԼˣܿ϶ġ
˼ƭˣúúãҼסˣ
ŭĿų壬û뵽һﾹȻССܡ
ΪʲôôţԼǴͻ  Ϊŷ㳡϶ΪĴͻһССԱȻû뵽徹Ȼûô
強һ˿Цݵ㣬Ҳ˼
㵽ʲô˼ЩţʵԲưոݵġ
ǮһֶģԸ򣬲ԸϽǻŷ㳡ӭµˣ
˼Ӻ˳ǳǿӲ
ȻʧһҪĿͻںǲԼˡ
尡壬㿴ĵƦåֱǲҵҪһᾯˣܣ
ھڴžܹϽǼھֻʶ˵ģһ˼⼸һε
֪׵ڵԽ¥飬ͻˡ
Ǵ˵ģ忴˿˼оһϤƺʲôط
ֻΪ˴ſ֣Щ̫ȷţ  ᲻Ҫǵˣֻǻһ¶ѣǳ壬µ˾ôµģ
˼̬ȵóһľʧ룬һ˵ôôţƣ  ǡ
ҲǼ˴ˣһ˼˵һֲõĸо
˼˿˭ҪҲھ¶ѣ˵˵ܼɡһģԼԱ鷳鷳ôγܼģ
⡭
һĻңһɲõԤƺѾӿͷȻ뵽һ顣
֮ǰŷ֪ͨ˵ٶҪǰãϣֻϵƴ
ԽԽһٶٶĻôǰһж˳ˡ
˼ΪԼſ־ûϳɳּˣ뷨ɾͶˡ
ĳǼȽ˷ܣҲҿԼ飬һ㷢ٶĻҪͱʲô¨ˡ
ٶȻҪװôֻˣ




169ը˵
 

ҾܾͲʵҸʶ
˼˿ʵҲ˵˵ѣƵôҲ֪
ֵָܵ裬˼ôҲҪһӰɣ
ܣʵһģ
ܼ࿴˼ȻװǺͳ׽ƲƵĹϵܹȥ  һۺܼҪ𣿡
ܣҡ
ܼû뵽徹ȻΪ˰һزʶˣԼһʱҲЩܲˡ
岻ٴܼ࣬ЦŵܹһֱڿҿңЩǶǿġ
죡  ˶оһĲ죬˼оԼˣ徹ȻİԼ˵
ѲϳԼˣⲻ̫ܰԼſذ  ˼Щ˼⣬ػһпϳԼˡ
ϳԼҲãʡĵʱ鷳²ϣ  ԼȿԲñ¶ݣֿ԰Ľˣһð
ƿų壬¶˸ǲ˼顣
ܾȻʶԼŷ㳡̨Ա400ټӪҵԱһ2000ˡ
ܹʶĻҲһЩв㣬ʶĺ١
û뵽ܾȻʶԼ˵ԼڿҿңǶԼĹ
ȻҲΪƹҲôΣ˼ҶôˣڻŷӦʱҲͦ˰ɣ
˼Ǹ쵼һŻúܶ˶֡
ĳܵôˣô˵ôηηˣǰЩʱ򣬳ܻһͦǿƵ˰
ЩΣʵʶƵأ
ͷһһԵܼ࣬Ǹܼ൹ǶһЩ˽⡣
ϾǵͱȽϴԱˣ껪ŷ㳡һʱѾˡ
ܶԼ֪Ӧǳ֪ܲѯԼˡ
ܼ΢΢һЦܣ֮ǰǸܵұ׼ȸܽġǻŷ㳡ʮˣһֱ㣬ֵѧϰ
ǽͷݣߵ
ܼ಻¹ģ˷ǳԲ
һ֪ܲΪʲôǰ̬˵ĺã̬žͺˡ
ԶԶԣҿȻ̫Сǰ̨ӪŲǻȱһӪܼλ𣿡
仰һ˶ˣ  Ǻܼ࣬ʵܼ಻Ǹܼ࣬ûκĻڶһһĻܼλþͷĪˣ  Ȼû뵽ڽ죬ܾȻһֱӽܼࡣ
ǲ̰  ƸҲûУڻŷĹ˾ǿġ
ǽ֪ܲʲô磬Ȼ˵˵ҪƣѲΪ˴̼һԵ㡣
ԱߵǱ̼ˣѾŤˡ
壬ʲô˼ǲǣɫôҲû뵽һﲻҲˣȻҪ  λûӪܼ࣡  Ӫܼʲôڳ˶֪ġ
϶ǸʹҹģӪܼౣعƣһ40ӵ롣
ƲǼǮһѣһӲһٶ  ܣ⡭
ܼ඼һһССƽʱʽģû뵽ǳˡ
忴һѲҽҵԱҪͨ㲻ɣһᴦģڵ׷ʲô鵽ʱжۣ
壬ǿ϶Ҫҹȥˣ
ɫ˼㣬Ҳ˴ˣû뵽徹ȻԼ
ʲôʹǰ֮ǰҲ˵һЩǻŷҲ۸ĵط
úúãõúܣҵš
ķζҪըˣĹĵĳŻŷ㳡˹ȥ춼ˡ
ҪΪѵĻǾ˿˵ҲԼ
ϾǵȡصĻҲԼȥģǷѡ
⵽ʲôط˵ȥ¶˵ͨ
ھǱߵ϶ҲģˣߵʱһԹı飡
Ѿǽˣ˵ĽѾƵϡ
һССܣѾΪŷ㳡QеעĶ
ܶӲŵѾʼע߲Ķˣһ¥ҲԽԽࡣ
ƸоЩƮΪڶûи浽׷ʲô飡
⵽ô£ôԼȻͱܼˣǳԷġ
һֻȻεĸо




170¼
 

ܣ㲻ʶҰɣ
˼Щ̽Եʳ壬оһϳԼˡ
ϳԼĻӦòӵġ
һԵŻ˼磬˼ҹϳˣҲصģ
ҲݸһЦƵ̣һκûᰡȻ㣬лһ³ܰ
ЩȻĿףҪѵĻԼˣų̵ܣллллĿǰֻǸܣܼλá
Ǻģ˵ˣ˭һܼడžһµӦܹ֮ʤλģ
Ȼ˵ûиһش˼⡣
Ǹղһ磬Ѿȷǰ֮˾ǻ˼ˡ
ô񣬶һҲ˵ôţ棬ٶ˭أ
ܣ̿ڼŲܹȥģܼ༶𣬼Ҫ˵İܼЩΪѵ˵
һܼܽ࣬ǿԽ˺üֱӷˡ
ΣûĻǲܵģ˵Qеһ֡
ǷһʮλܲãҲŲλõİ
⵽ʱ˵Ŀɲǳһˣŷ㳡Qе갡
ţҵĻʣ
ЩƣһǲһԼȻǰġ
Ѳһܻ֪ŵ𣿼ȻԼˣ϶Լĵġ
һԵܼ൹һ˾Цŵ˵ܼܼ࣬Ȼ˵ˣӦþûˡʱǱߣٶ๵ͨͨˡ
ǡ
ܼЩˣʵ̫˼飬ΪܼȨԼ鰡  ˼˿ܼ࣬ЦЦǼŷֹµָܲǱȥ˵һ°ɡ
ʲô㡭㡭ƾʲôȥ˵
ܼЩ±ˣŵָܲҲմȨ¸ܲãŷڲ쵱һﰡ
û뵽ǰëͷСӾȻ˵Ҫָܲôкôأ  ˭
ţ
ܼЩĿŻ˼Ҫһﵽʲô
ܼ࣬ע̬ȣ
˼ڰֵûʲôܣ֪߲ҵǾܼԭǶԵġ
ٶ
鼱֮¾Ȼ˻˼ĳƺһ˶סˡ
ٶ
ʲôٶ  ǰٶܹ֮ΪٶˣŷڲֻһˣǾǶ³Ķӻ˼
ǰٶĻǻ˼  һԵļһ񾭱൱ĽԽ˼ԽٶϾٶǹ
ҲǼģֻһֱûȥ룡  Ȼϳˣ˵ء
˼ЩЦЦԭһʼΪԼ˸˳壬ڿǰ׳  һЦٶһ΢˽ãҲû׼ôЦ
˼΢΢ҡͷЩĲʵܼҿƷЩ⣡
һҾȥ㣬ٶģҾԲЩQеķչ
ǼģΪʲôΪԼлܹٶúõĹͨˡ
ҪĺٶһЩϵĻǵʱԼܲõλǾ൱Ŀ˰
˼΢΢ͷҲһԺܼǺɫܼײǹˡ
ȻеȴƲκηͷٶԿԺҵ첻ȥˡ
ְˣʱܹȥ̳ȥıһݹ
Ͼڻŷŵļ̳ܶǷǳĿصģĵٶĻǵʱԼҹ¶ˡ
ʵһֱһţôŶû뵽Լ쾹Ȼٶˡ
ٶԼ˵ˣһж׵Ĺ͡
ʶԼĻҲԲڵ
֮ǰ׸Լ˵ʱʵѾעˡ
Ͼٶ׵ѣ  ллٶ
һ󼤶Ȼ֪Լܼλ֮Լĺôˡ
֮⣬ϵĳ׸Ĺۣ
ЦŵͲøлˣҿЩӦġԼҳ飬Ҫңҿɲ˸л
˼һֵϰ̣ԺʲôֱҾˣҵĵ绰Ĳ˵Ժٻŷ϶û˸۸ˡ
˼仰˶оһ
ͬʱܶ˿ƵĿѾǱˣǳ壬ڿƶһˡ
ٶϹϵٶİԼƬó⻹
ҲЦʵ̣Сֻô
С첻ѧĵطЩԶ氡Цŵ
׸һԼĵ绰ȻŻ˼˾ͳƷĵط˹ȥ
PSлֵǵ֧֣ллǡ




171¾ַ
 

Ϻ  ׼ҾסϺıԵشҾʮֵ࣬ڵػǱȽϳġ
Ϊ֮ǰѧϰɼһֱǳĺã˳֮Ϊ·
ɼãһȻأΪǾԺ϶ǻгϢġ
Ϊ֮ǰ׵ͻȻʧ٣ܶ˶˵硣˵׳·ˡ
һʮʮٵ˺ܶڼҶָָ㡣
׵ĸִ󺣺ĸ׹˺÷ΪԼĶʧ٣һֱȻᡣ
ԼĴַ绰˵ڽףִ󺣷򸾸˻ˡ
ֻҪԼĶû£һжǴҪˡ
Ȼˣִ󺣷Ҳֻ֪û£ȴ֪׵ôˡ
ַҲû˵̫࣬Լĸĸ˵һιǻһ
ַԬСĿǰڽΪƤʱǳĺһʱỹ߲
˳ַԬԵҲżһʱˣǾȹڻȥ
ַ֪ǣһѾصQУĿǰڻؼҵ;С
ִ¸ڼң˺÷ǰ˼Ҵ㹤á
ԼŮַƶ׵ӣּôҲ˲ΪŻǴǿԵġ
Сƣ㿪Ű
ִ󺣵ۿоЩ죬ȥҲЩĸо
ַƣʮ˭֪һ൱ĴŮ
׻˵úãһŮټֵַĴŮǸǷǳܻӭġ
СưͿŰɣֶܰ׵ĸ׹˺÷ҲһȰο
֨  ַƷſһ㲵Ůӳִ󺣺͹˺÷
СƣǿˣŪˮһ£첻Բȵôܵ˰
˺÷һףʢˮӦҲǷǳĽ
ַƵۿףȻǿ޲˲֪ٻˡ
裬ҡĲ޸¾ҲϲĲϲַƽĿԼĸĸ
ַƿ¾ˣһҪ׵Ķ
ַƲϲˣ֮ǰڱһһϰ࣬¾ǻϰΰĶӡ
ΰڱؾ˵Ǯƣ˵һøʡ٣ΰؿνһ
ȻƽʱǷǳĸߵɱ˭֪ϰʵǿ
ΰ˾ˣǳΰĶӳ¾ȴһ͵ˣżǮЩΪΪ
һ֮ǰһֻʱ򣬷ַŮ
¾һȤôһַ֮ƸԼΪ
ŮŮʵǲһһŮԼǮ֮
ȻˣҲһЩװߵģնǰݵԼĽǮ֮¡
ַȴһԼԼʲô취Լ˶ľǲͬ⡣
ַƵȷӦһӼ˳¾  ûʧ֮ǰѾˣҲΪʲô׻ɵԭ
¾ôûκεô֮󣬷϶ؽǮŮˡ
Ů˲Լ׷Ŀ꣬һԼĸȥִ󺣼ˡ
ʵ𲻴ӦȨŮߣǳ¼ǿƵĺܡ
ΰִ󺣼ңǼװ˵ַԼĹ˾ԼĶ̸
Ȼַֽûлƭִ󺣷򸾰Ƹ¡
ִ󺣷򸾷Ӧ֮󣬷һжˣ  ƸˣҪˣ  ûκοԵģ
ΰΪʲôƭִ󺣰Ƹ£ĿĲΪ˷ִֹ󺣷
ִ󺣿ԼŮ̾һСƣҲҪְְְ֣Ҳûа취
ǰСƣְҲǱǸϰƭˣ˵Ǹʲô¾̸־ˣ
˺÷ҲĨ˵ϾҪˣԼŮӣȥҲЦ
ַ涵˵裬ҲޣԼİˣΪʲôҪ޸ǸҶʶأ
̸ˣִ󺣺͹˺÷𾪵ĿԼŮ
ַƵͷǣ̸ˣȻûʲôǮܰңҾúҸԭҴһιڴϿģû뵽

ִ󺣳̾һ˶ַƵķſڣ˫ֲͷ֮У
ҾҲܼ޸˵ģǸǵλ˶֪Ҳܸһӵġ
ַƵ͸һɾζ
ַ˵̣ܶΨ鲻ܹܡ
һŮԼĵڶѲϣԼһӾ˵  ģҲ
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׵ĳͣ棬ԼеʱҲӿһ֮顣
˵ĿǰʵģΪ֮ǰ飬˿̵ܵ˼Ӱ졣
ִ󺣺͹˺÷Ȱοַƣ˵ΰǵﲻġ
ԼŮѰٻҲоһθС
ҪģܲΪӾͲ˰ɣ
ִҪַ֪Ѿ̸˵ĻôҲֱӾͰѳΰҵĲġ
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һӸʮĲڵѾǳ˱׼ܶˡ
ִ󺣷һϼƣ˼ҲԼŮ˼ҵĶ̸ʲôɲͬأ  ִ󺣷ũˣûôƣ֪˾Ȼƭأ  ˣ
ִ󺣺͹˺÷˴ͷɥַҪҪʱѾˡ
˵ϲųôʱˣ
˺÷ЩƣȻ˵ʱ˵Щ̼ԼŮѾ̶ˡ
ΰ˷ŻˣҪôӦǵҪô˻
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ʮĲǾҪ⳥ʮǳΰһ׼ִǸòʮ
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ΪϺڱصıԵشߵķӼ۸ĵͣϾλ̫ƫƧҲ֮еġ
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ַԭЩҰ͸һ˿˿ĹƺԼĸ׻ôġ
ܹŵĻ˭Ըȥأ
˺÷̾һȻͳȥˣ֪һԼŮûа취ˡ
ǸΰļһһǸˣȻԼ˲ôܻưոأ
˺÷ǰȥţſһ̣˶סˡ
ִ󺣿ԼӾȻǱߣҲ˽Щֵ˵ǿͣɣ
Сף
˺÷ЩʶǰԼӣΪԼĶӱøˣ׳ʵˡ
ڵ۴ʻò˵һ̶ȵĸĹۣʵĸıǿӰһ˵ġ
ӣղźɶ
ִüͷһղԼӺԼӵ֣Сף
ԼǣƵĶѲɻˣ
ִЩ̫ţΪԼѰĵء
˺÷һѽױ˻УȻԼ˲Сı仯ȴܹһϳ
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Щܹģǹ˺÷֪ԼĶӣˣ  衭
ҲЩӯĿԼЩսݵĸף⼸¶ּ˵ֱͬһ㡣
Сװȥ˰Ҹֶ켱ķ˰˵ȥø¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ô˶ûأ
˺÷ԼĶӣ৵һ¾һǺġ
ּҾҪгϢˣһֱԼойĶӣȻʧô죬˭ܹܵأ
񿴵֮󣬹˺÷һܹƵסأ  裬ⲻǻ𣿡ײԼĸ˽̧ͷԼĸ֮󣬱
һεĿԼĸĸףһײĸо
жϥлƽǸʲôִҲһᣬʵѾ֪׻ţһ˴ѧ
ֻڿ֮ǻ̲סˡ
״ӵվ˿ԼĶַƣЩɻʵ㣬޹ˣ
ЩƣԼĶ֮ǰ޹ˣ۾ĶǸոտ޹ġ
СƣС׻ˣ͸һɡ˺÷ԼĨᣬ͸һ˿֮ɫ
Сףôˣ粻˵㻹Ż𣿡
ַȻ꣬ǿԼĵܻܵˣжҲЩοġ
㣬ⲻǾǰ֮ǰҳ˵飡׳
Сװúø轲㵽׳ʲô˰˺÷ʱ˼һεķ׵ϡ
Ů  ׸ĸеһ˼룬ҲһΪġ
ȻˣǺܶʷԭɵģַƵĵλʵԶԶ׵ġ
ȴûĸоΪ˵ֵܽú͸ĸһġ
׿˿Լĸ׵裬ҵԺ㽲ڸҶôˣ
㣿Һ֣˼ҵĲ񣬽
˺÷˵һһʮİ齲ԭʵҲ뽲ģûа취ˡ
ЩǱҪģȻѾˣڼеĵλҲܸߣЩӦǽѧġ
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Լĸ׽֮ɢһû뵽ӡ֤Լ뷨




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׵д˷ŭʱִ󺣺͹˺÷ǽ
ԼСӵƢԼҵȻ֪ˣƽʱͦɵģǳںԼ㡣
ΪַƵĳɼҲǳĲֻΪ׵ĳɼãʵֹѧַưѻøԼĵܵܡ
Ϊ㣬ַȻûʲôԹԵģҲ֪Լе
ԼĻϣַƾñ
¾һѧõˣ鵽̶ȣַƾˡ
ǣ¾˳˶֪ô£͵Ļӡ
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ˣԺԼеˣԲϣ鷢Բܣ
ַΨһܹľǾֻоˣŻһ˿˿ϣ  ҸʲôֻҪҶ㲻ͬ⣬ҵҪ˭Ӳģˣ
ʸ˵ĻĿǰʵQҪεˣ»ûġ
ȻˣԲQУ
ֻҪ룬κ鶼ܺõĽģͿԸⲻԸˡ
СףɲҪ嶯һθ׵Ŀ㻯ϰ尡
ִ̳˵ԼĶӺ׻һˣһҪǳ˵Ļǿôأ  ˺÷Ҳһǵ˵СףһȰͲҪˣ
Ҳͣ˼ö޸Ǹ˵ЦһԲܣ  ϰĶȻ˵ƤһЩ˭氡Ѱ˼˻֮ӦûһЩġ
˺÷ǸԼһοɣʵ˵׻Ѿûκεİ취ˡ
Ҫĸ˼ҶĻҲˣ
Ļǲ˶εĴӦˣô˵ǲİɣ  һ򲽽˳滨Ƶصģڼ帣Ҳǲ  ȻˣҲûа취뷨
ĿصĻִ󺣺͹˺÷Բϣ鷢
ٸһλĻǴǣҲܴӦˡ
ַƵۿһεĺԼСܵСףͲҪˣֻܰĵѧԺгϢˣǧҪ۸
㣬İɣֻҪһ죬Բ˸㲻Ըġ׳
ַ¶һ˿ҵЦݵСף仰ˣ
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׿ִ󺣺͹˺÷ʵ
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ַƴſǻСףͰǼҵĵϸһˣҪȻҲܳҲڵʱ׵ġ
ϾǶ磿Ǻǣһʱ򰡣׵Ŀдһ˿⣬ҲǵóѰ
ڵоЩڣԼҪܹһ˵ĻҲڷ顣
Լս㲵ģ׵ӿֳһ
Է͸ʵʵĴڼУҪȥ°
ִ󺣳ԼӻϲѾȥˣϣܹˡ
裬ҶĶܲȥⲻǲҪҽҲҪ񲻹񣡣
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һһӣ
ڵϻʶˣҪǵ˵ĻԺкùӳ
ԼСϢˣ˵ڽͬ۴ѧϴѧȻͬ۴ѧ;Ǵѧһεġ
ͬ۴ѧҲǰʮλУԺҲõĸ߸ߵְ  ҪΪԼҪʲôĻǵòʧˣ  ԼѾˣԼļ޹ȥҲԼСܵǰ̸˰ɣ
ҪĻԼĳΪ˼ˣ  ⲻҪĽҲԲϣĽ
ַƸϽǰԼСܵСףһ䣬ͲҪˣʵѾˡ
Ҳ죬˭ҲУҲ˰ʮһ仰ˡ
Ҳ죡
仰˵ô̹ȻΪԺ·Ҫ춷
Сףлл㣡ǽ㡭ַһӼĲ֪˵ʲôˡ
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ַ˶ˣһԵִ󺣷Ҳ𾪵һӲ֪˵ʲôˡ




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СףǮɲҪƭ㰡
ַһ˵Ǯʱƺȼһ˿ϣЩ֡
ԼĵֻܵǳȥѧˣǮأ
һԵִ󺣺͹˺÷ҲЩƵʵСףɲҪϹ˵ǿʮ򰡣
˵ʮ򣬾ҲУİɣ裬㣡
ʱֻܹȿοԼĽˣϣڿԼĶʼձһ˵ӡ
Сףûƭ㣿
ַƵܿͱ׸ˣеξʵġ
㣬ƭҸ㽲֮ǰǳȥ˼ڽһЩС⣬Ҳˡ
ЦŵҲ̫Ľܹͣ͹ˡ
㣿⣿ļٵİַһץ׵ʵ
Цŵ㣬һƭһһǮأ泵ء
㻹гַЩʵ
ЦŵһλΪ˽ȥģڽ˸ӣĿǰʹɩסǱء
ʲôַжˣִ󺣺͹˺÷Щʵ
粻Ǹ˵˵ţû˵飿׵ˡ
ַ֮ǰԼ˵һλɩģƺ«Ŵذ
֮ǰַСӴ˸绰˵ڽˡȻǾ͸˵һ飬Ҳûϸ˵ⲻǵ绰ͦѰ˼͵ɣ
ִ󺣵ʵϣ绰Ѷȥˡ
һԵĹ˺÷ǰʡһһ㰡
ַƿףƺǲ̫ǰһУϾԼܾܵͳȥµʱ䣬ѲɾôǮˣ  Ǯ׬˭֪ȥһûҲôһ㡣
ԼСܴСǲڴǮҲô׬İɣЩ̫ܣ
ڿԼС˵ôƶʵҲϣġ
ڵַһֻûʧ̬һǳϣ˵ģһֺǺĵġ
׿˿ԼĶЦŵ㣬ͰķڶɣֻҪ㲻˽飬ҾԲ˵óѵġ
ִ󺣿˿׵СףǮˣ
֣ҳϾһֽ㲻ŵĻùЦŵ
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Цŵһ˾ʦһģ
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̵ִСӣ˼һ棬Լؼˣ
ҲͷھȥУ
׹˾һսԱ֮ͱƸ뵱˱ڼ˾
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һװаֽӣ֮˴˸кǱ߲˵ˡ
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˵ִ󺣵Ҳ˼Ӳ˼˵
ܣûʲôĻҾȻسˡһ˴ҲоЩΣϾ˶զ˵ˡ
׿ŤҲǵͷУȥЪɣһȥһ±شƵ꣡
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ִ󺣵۾ǰһĨĨɫˣһԪ󳮣һѪӿĸо
һֽ˸ǰʵ̫𺳣  ֽߣǸоֱ˵Լһǧг
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ΪõľƵ꣬ʵʹƵĵҲǼĵζѡ
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û뵽Լܵܳȥһ˾ȻϢˣܵҲǸǮˡ
ַƿǮ֮ɾͲ³ΰһ˸ʲô۶ӳ
ִ󺣺͹˺÷ôߵεľƵ꣬ǽ˱ʹƵʱԿԸоĳЩš
׵ͦ˽ȥַվԱߣԼܵѾɴСˣվԱߵҲһİȫС
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ԼĪСʱʱ䣬ΰһҲ˼ΰִ󺣷򸾵ʱһֺ
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ΰļӶ˵ĺܸߣʵΪԼĶôĻôȥأ  Գ¼ҵĵλͲԼĶȢʲôŮȢأ  ԼӾһľȻҪȢһũŮȻˣȴҲûʲô취
Լӳ¾Сһֱǽ֡
ΪΰЩӣԶԼӸǳ谮мӣκ鶼Ӧ
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ڳΰԼĶѧòѧԼ൱ĺãʲôϵأ
ִ󺣿ųΰϰԵЩԱ˵ϰ壬˰Сʱˡ
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һԵĳ¾ɫеĶַƣʢľջһ㣬˶оЩİġ
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˵꣬Լĸĸ˶ŵ棬Ҫ֪Էλʵ൱Ľġ
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׵ٶЩŭΰᣬǾǰһЩ̫ˡ
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ɫһѿ˼㣬ǰСӣŲŪ㣡
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ʵϲִ󺣷򸾣һԵַʵҲǴĵЩµġ
ʮҪ׿԰˫ΰҳΰǮΪôõģ
Ǻǣ˲̫ϲʨӴ󿪿ڣ׿ųΰ
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Ҷҵܵԣַһ¾ȻҪ˴ףǻӵĸţһ㣬׵ĸǰ
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¾һƽʱһģв˵ֶεҲ൱ĸ
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ΰ˿׵δп׼ңҪȻһԸ߳ԱΣ
Цһ߳ԱģҿûҪˣʮҪҪҪҲûа취ˣ
Բġ
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һ˵Ҳи׵ģû뵽¾־Ȼһ׶ûС
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ƿ׵ĸ첲ϣ˲ĺƿԿó¾һûκε  ʱһֻ첲˺ƣ˳ĸ첲ϵʡ
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¾εĿ˿ΧƺҪĶȥס
ǾһԵʱ׵ȭͷѾһ  ¡  ȭͷײ֮󣬳¾Ƕߵķһ㣬ֱӷȻصԲ֮ϡ
¾ʹԼͣһѾ³˼Ѫܵݣ  һȭֵģҪǲֵĻĽ¾ļˡ
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ſǻף޲ǰһɵǳ˵ʱЩµˡ
ΰЦһСӣԭҪǺúõĳԸģȻ㲻ҪúõĳԶٷǿֻܹȥηˡ
׳ЦһǲǴ򲻹˾ҪҾ찡·
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ΰɱ˰ĿغڰҲȥ˭ҶҶӣ
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ΰĺһСǴʲôطðģ  ôоôţأ
ǴԼĶӣȻԼҲˣ  ˿̵ĳΰЩˣԼ˵һһ١
֪ĻԼôҲҪ˹ˡ
ΰҲҪ̼һˣڵȴȴԼøҵĶӹ
Ҫ֪Լøǿǻ൱ĶһͲһˡ
ִ󺣷򸾺ַЩǵĿףôҲû뵽ǰһֱףھȻҲǸ񣡣
֮ǰ¾ֵʱִһҵȷǵǲѣ
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һΰ˹ĻǽѰˡ
ԼĶһԿ  Сףǻ߰ɣ
ִ󺣷еǲѣ˵ֻҪԼĶӰȫˣһж˵
ڿºˣ  Ͼˣô׽ĻôַƵͽˡ
һԵ̵ַСףôô嶯Щ˿ɶǵƦåһˣǶ֡
׿ԼĶƦåôˣľЩƦåѰ˼ʮҪǺúõţҲͽˡֻϧ
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Ҳȷڵ׻ʸ˵ʵ֮ǰҪúõĽѵһġ
û뵽¾ȻȸԼ֣Ǽֱ  ڣΰʹᣬһԼĶҲǺߺ
׻ĳǰ˹ȥ˳¾Աߡ
ʱĳ¾оʲôһ㣬ʿˮ㡭ʲô
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¾һǸװӵĸ̵֣ˣ²ˣ硭
Ҫ̬Ӧöð׵Ĵų¾һڿҲǶһЩˡ
ǿƣ  ״˿̵̬Ⱦôǿƣ  ֨  ׶Ǳ߽ѵųΰʱ򣬼Ŵˣ߽˼Ůȥʲ




177²ԩҲͷ
 

׻عͷȥһȻˡ
°
֮ǰϷ˳ͻǣû뵽ˡ
ĲԩҲͷ
׺ܿıͨĹؽڡ
¾°
˶ճ£ӦŲСĹģйĻô˿϶ˡ
뵽ղ˵ʲôøҵĶҪӵӵģӦþ°ˡ
°Ȼ֪ģһﾹȻSʡʡĶӣλȻǲһġ
ΰһĵҲǺ飬Ͼһһ˵ͷǷǳĻ˵ġ
°ҲסˣһQУһǴżѹΡ
ϾǶⶫȻҪӴԼѵġ
һ棬ԼҵһõܾڱأҪ׵ģԼĸĸæԼҵǶûпչ
Գ°ͳΪ˳ŵĴǹμԼֶӵĶᡣ
ĵ˽ʱ˵Ļһˡ
ڱϾֻǸᣬȻܳϯˣܹó°ѾǺܲˡ
°յQоͱ˴һ٣Żء
ԭҪϲμӹ֮˿ʼǼˡ
û뵽ԼոʹƵļȻǸһ
ԩҲͷ뷨Ҳڳ°Ժγɡ
°ԱߵļˣҲĿǰĳȻ˶û뵽龹Ȼһ  㣿
°ףһ˷ŭĹâ
ΰһ°ˣǸϽǰȥС˰ɵø
壬⵽ô£°ʵ
ΰ˿°Ҳû뵽°ȻʶףǵСĶᣬû뵽˾Ȼһףҵڴ
ִˣ
°ըˣԼ֮ǰձ˴ѾǸоԼǰˡ
û뵽Լҵֱһˣǿ벻̰
׿˿°΢΢һЦǣⲻǳ´Եְ
㡭쵰ȻҴҶҸ磿
°ȭͷ߬ĺܽϱ¶ͿԿó˿൱ķŭġ
׿һ۳°֮ǰҸоԼֻЩⲻȥڿҾͷˣݸҲһ԰
С㡭ʶΰһЩ̲סʵ
°ֹʶ
׿˿°ȻˣǾ԰ɣ¾Ҷ޸Ȼ۸ҵͷˣҪ⾫ʧأ
ʧѣ
˶סˣһﻹ֪֮ܰȻҪԼҪʧѣ  һﻹ
°壬ҵҪһôҪʧѵģ
ЦһȻ뿴Ҿ㿴ˡһǧһǮҴȣ
һǧ򣿣
˶ǵһ֮ǰǸоǸ˷ǳţû뵽ţ˾Ȼߡ
һﻹǲҪʨӴ󿪿ڰһǧѾôȥأ  ǺǣԭҾˣΪҸĶûڳû뵽Сˣ
°˿˿Ц˵κ鶼ȲϰǰһҪ
Լôѿɶأһĸǰ˵ĻԺԼô죿  ϵʵûʲô취ǰһ˸ӵĹϵ
Լ绰ԼĸףһʱҲˣһ٣°һ֮ԲԼڶڶεˣ  СףɲҪϹ㣬Ƿ顭
ִһԼĶӾȻ˼ҪһǧҲŵĲһĵڵء
һԵַѾŵЩҿˣԼС첻ʶˡ
ΪһŮ˵һȷ˸о˻ԼСܡ
°˿ΰڸҰִ绰Ҫһ֮أ
úúãСĳɾָȥұ˰
ΰ¶һ˿̵ЦݣԼֶӳ൱ĺðˡ
Լʡǿǳʡģ˵Ҫʡˣ
ʡǶĹ٣ΰȻ֪ġ
ԭҪڱصذ˵ģѹĻǿɾͲһˡ
ִ绰֣ܲʵģ뿪ְͻȥˣ
׵ϴųҪĸʡǲһˡ
˵ʵԭҪ󣬲һγ¾׵ļŭס
Ҫ֪֮ǰڵԽ¥ǳ°Ǹӣ׶ûжô
û뵽һŽ̲ҲˣĸԼȥһԲٸκӡ
°ɫ൱ѿ绰ͲͨԼ׵ĺ롭




178Ұ֣
 

֣С
°Լĸ׻൱𾴵ģϾԼܹô󲻶ǿԼĸĸ  С㵽ˣ˵ϸ˷˵ìܣ̲óͦĳ°ġ
һ˻Ļ׵ȴһֲ÷ǳ
°֣ȥ緹ҵİᣬ˾ȻҴ򾯲죡
ˣ˵ˣԼʲô֪ܲȥҲ͹ȥˣһȥؾȥμӳ¾Ķġʱ绰𣿡
ƺǳ˽ԼĶӣԼĶô˵ǲôš
Ӳȥ۸ѾոˣȻ˵۸Ĳôţ  ˵ԼĶûռʲôˣڳһ¡
ҲϣԼĶ֪֪粢Χһתġ
ٵϣͲѾǷǳĲһˣԲ֮ǰǰˡ
°һգƽľ˵֣ϸҷͻˣǸ˵ĽͶҵĳ¾綨ף
ǺǣǲʶЦ
°̵ʲôʶ֣ұûи㣬û뵽һϻͬĻҲˣȻѾˣһѶˣ
ʲô㱻ˣɩҲˣļٵģ
ԿóѾ˺üóڷŭĴӣ  ǧȷʶ壬ҵԱߡ֣ԭô˵ģǡ
°ʱһ˿ǻҪǰһﵹùΪϧһдۡ
͸
Щ°ˣҪһСͻõûʲô
ԼĶӱ㣬ԼĶɩҲˡ
ԭһ£ڵǱһ£Ϊһʡĳʡⲻǳķ
ԼĶӺԼļﶼˣʡŻʲô˼ԣ
°̵֣ԭҪ绰˵ģȥǴ˸绰㡭
ʲôطʵ
ڱشƵأ֮ǰһضͳԷǸƵ꣡°¶һ˷ܵı顣
ѾǳɹļԼ׵ķŭ
֪ˣߵšȻĹ˵绰
Сզˣ
ΰЩηηʵԼܻ൱ĺµģȻǶ硣
ԼܵĻҲôĺá
°һָҰֳˣС͵ɣ
ΰһҲЩֺǰִһңЦһһǾ͵ˣҴǳ¼ҵˣҲԼмＸǿǸʡʲô
ɶʡ
ִ󺣷һʡֵʱ򣬺ûιȥ
˵ǸʡˣǿϵǶǲСĸɲˣοѾǺ˶ټȥˡ
ʡǵиоˣǿʡĴɲ  ֲó¼ôţ˼Ǵͷ  ַһߣҲɫҰף̵СףϽ߰ɣϽ߰ɣ
ΪʲôҪߣ
׿˿ַЦʵȻ鵱һ¡
ղûǸ˵İְֿǸʡǴٰǶ˵񲻺͹ٶȥûκεĺ³ġ
ַҲ֪ˣ֮ǰȣڵԤнʲô·  ׵Ǻ⣬ֱӰһŵǱߣȻкԼĶµˮڣҽҪҪʲô
ڲϵĴ̼°Ҫɱʲô  ȵľһ绰ԼĸףҪȻĲøЩʲô
ܿ죬߾
λǳ°¹ӣ
ڣһ½߰˸ˣΪ׵һһ֪Ǹɲ
Ҿǣ
°ЩˣüͷüȻûԱЩ
ܿ죬Ϊ׵˾ѾЦݵĶų°¹ãҽһ£Ǳί񣡣
ǣá
°ЩɺԼ֣ƺ̫Ըǰίһ㡣
ҲãصĵؽϣҶҸ綼˸ˣصΰôĲ
°ЩָʹĿҪ֪ôҲһĸ٣ų°ҲЩ
¶һ˿ЦݵղųʡѾҴ绰ˣҾǹģ
°˿ϽһץȻʮľˣ
⡭
ЦһץҲôץİɣ
°˿ôˣΪˣץ԰
¹ӣǱسʲôֻҪ¹˵仰ץҪڳ°ĸǰһ£
˿س黹ûи֮ǰץˣ
ǣ¹Ӽҵݶˣ϶ǵΪҿѾԶˣѲʡĻ𣿡
һͲִͣǴǵϣܹѳֵס
׽һжУ




179Ǻس
 

سǱҰҿǰ;
°سʱǷǳĿġ
һһԵһ˷ǳԲ
̴Ц¹ӣһֱҪȥʡһֱûлᡭ
ĺˣ֮һؼҵʱһɣ°ֵ˵
ʵҲҪȥ˼ҸԼԼҲø˼һӦǣ  ϾҪĻǾҪָǰء
׻˵úãعٲֹܣعҲڵֹܣҲøһһЩͷǣ  ץ
ǰףļ˵
һ˹Ȼǹϵͳˣץһ˻ǲµġ
ֻίǺسʼͥˣûǵĻǲ̫ð찡  ׵ԱһӶ˼ˣΧס
׿˿ЦһȷҪץң
ץôˣΰˣץ㶼ġȸҴȥ˵һؾֳֵһˣ
˿ѾƿֱӶ˷ʩ
ɫ൱ѿԭʡ绰ʱҲΪһᡣ
ԭģٳһ׹Ȼ֪
鶼ʼյģǳʡ˵ˣץ֮ǰҲҪ׷ʲôɣ
黹ûиͰץȨı˽أ
ϣԼ鷢쵼ƨȻҪģԼԭҲҪصġ
ֲ׾ֱץ˵ǲͬģ
ץңǺǣԲ
׵һ˿мҪץԼ԰ֻһǵŭ²ܹܵġ
¶˲м飬һԵȴһת
ΪóǰЩĳ£Ȼܹ˵
ûһİգǾԲܵģ  ܹͳ¸ʡͥСӣҲЩͷ  ʵⲻ޶˵һ²ѣͷôɲﵽԼСؽأ
ǶԳˬȻѾزίҲܹʱˡ
ĻԼԺίܹƵס
¸ʡȻ߸ϣóľܹϳ¸ʡߡ
ţ
˵ʱվ˳˻ĲҶ
Ҫ֪ϾǱصίǣǸʡĶߣɾ֮ǰ˵ģǲֹܡ
ǣʲô˼°ЩŭĿʵ
¹ӣҲץˣûи֮ǰǲȰ
ǺǣǲңǲҰ֣°Ц
ҡҡͷ¹ˣֻ˽һһ˵ĻץȻ岻ݴǵ飡
ٺЦץ
һҿ˭ҡ
׿˿΢΢һЦǣ鲢˵ģ¼ҵյҶ޸ӡֱƻǰֻڷ⽨ʱڲŻУû뵽ᾹȻҲ鷢
ƻ飿ʵô£
ʵԭ鲢ûʲôȤѯ߸ֻҪʲôشԩ飬Ҳһֻ۱һֻˣ  ǰĳ°ԸԼԸȻĻȻҲ
ôҲһֵǣ㲻ǸʡĶӣֲǸʡ̬Ҳ̫ˣ  °ȻԼƵǰ棬ⲻԸԼȥ  ˶ƢģȻҲƢġ
֪ǣڳ°̬ȲãĻ쵹ù˻ͲǺQĳˣ  °˿س¹ɣһһ֮ʡ
¹ģһһĴ𸴡
Ц⣬ҵҪ˭Σ
ץ
ѾǶˡ
׿˿سǰɣץҿԣҸղѾ˵ˣץ֮ǰǲǿҴ绰
ʲô򣿸ץ
Цһʱ绰ʲôٴ绰Σ
Ѳ㻹ܰʡίǺɣֱЦ
ųŰ裬Ҳ
Ҫ֪һʱ䣬ڱһѹƣԼίҲ൱ı
һֽų¸ʡıߺģ˭ܲأ  Լо൱
˼ҲǴ绰ƾʲô  Խǳñ˸ɵ飬ԽҪżһﶥţԼίǵϾһ㶼ûˡ
绰Դ򣡣




180ͨ
 

ʲô˼ҪʡŸɣ
һҪƽʱĻҪŸɣϻǹȥġ
Ҫһǰɣ  Ȼô쵼棬ֱ⻹ûһ֯ˣ
񱻳һֱ£Ҹ˭ŸɻֲһسܣһǱصίǣСӣҪ绰ھʹһͲˣ
°̬ȣЦúúãǰɣҼסˣҰҲסġǳ¼ԣһûп˭к³أ
¹ӣеֱҲ´ûи֮ǰκ˶ڱأطһĶֵϣһЩȨġ
Цһ¸ʡȷЩˣĶȴܹ˵Ű裬Ҳ
ԼǸίǰɣ
ػҪԼİɣοһԼΪǵصعģû뵽ȴһ仰
ðһɺ⣬ƴΣ
˶ƢģְСĶϼԭ֮е飬Ҳǽһ໥صĻ֮ϵġ
һʡĶӣڴ֮ͥ˵ĲԼӣܹСӵĸˣ˭ܹܵˣ  ټϳĴ̼̬ʵѾЩʧˣ
һֱĲ⣬ҵһ㣬Ȼ֪ܺأпܶڵĹְ
ȴһûʲôȻˣǾͲڣ
׵û뵽ٳ֮УȻѪԵһˣҲǶЩ࿴ˡ
ʵҪ绰κ˶Ҫ룬ֻڸЩ˻ᡣ
֪û˭ϧᣬΪǴĵ϶Լ°
ʡίǰ칫ң
ЩһֱȽϵæµϾҪˣ黹൱ġ
֯ѧϰļҪϺܳʱ䣬Σܶ鶼Ҫİġ
һʡķչμѹϣÿ絽ǹ²ЩʱҪͣϢһʱ䶼оûա
λı  ǹҲǺܶ߼ɲ飬ڴͷϵĹȴû뵽һİĵ绰˽
绰ʱģЩ΢΢üʱ򽭺Ǳô˴绰Լأ
ҴĻ˽˵ĵ绰˽ֻ֪һЩ׽ˡ
һ£ֻܹϵģ϶ʾġ
ιǺΣ
ν˵绰ĵͳдԡ
źεЦŵǣװ
ãû뵽ȻҴ绰ǡ
һ֮Ҳ˲䲻һˣղǳȵɫʧȡ֮һЦ绨
׶ǺңǼֱǶеĶ˰Լĸһһá
úܶ˶Ǿ̾ѣ  ĻָúڵڵĵλϵĴпһ롣
һʵ϶ͣ˰ڣ൱ء
Ҳ˵ģ˵˼һҽû׼ʱ򻹵õ˼أͲ̸ˡ
ټ϶Ժϵľ֮ĻǼֱ̩ɽ
Դʱε̬Ҳܹˡ
ЦŵǣҲǽϸյң֮ǰ˼һġ
QˣɣҾ͵QУһҲ˵ȫ̽ӴҲŪƣԱ֮갡
ЦŵҲим׵뷨
ЦЦǣ˵ﻰһҪ棬ʱһʱӲˣ
ӣʲô˼
һ㶣ȻöôҲ벻ͨôܽأ
Ҫ֪֮ǰͻ˼һأͳ⻪˼Ҳ˸ץ˰ɣ  Ҷ㱻ƻ飬ñС׼ңһ١뵽ʡ¸ʡֶӣ¸ʡĶҲڣ˵Ҫʮΰ
⻰˵õĿһ㣬ʵ롣
һȺ˶֪׵Ǹ˭绰ģʲôǣͷպҲ٣˭֪ĸأ  ôҲû뵽һﾹȻʡίĺ졣
Ҫ֪ĻǾͲЦôˣ  ĶӣС֪͵ӵܣżеǮΪΪҺͳͬ־ѾֹһεĽˣ
εЩ䣬ΪǼҵĵλܸߡ
Լĸ׶ҲǷĵأ⻹  壬ԭǲ绰ģøջﻹкܶҪ
׶ź˵˼Ѿˡ




181ºӸ绰
 

׸δ绰ҲǸˣϾ˼һʡϴ
İŭ˵Ļ½Ͳôˡ
Ŀǰʵ˵ǴɱķҲǲΪġ
Ϊ׽磬Լ׽ĹأҪȻĻǰ˿·Ƿ輴ɵ
ҪŪʵ̫ˣ׵ļֱһֻϣ  Ǳ߻˭εĻ˵ĺУ仰˼Աûп׵ˡ
׿һһǣȥǸֱˡ
Ŷ񣿱ίǣ
ԭһӡûеģΪ֮ǰ˵Ǳصġ
Ժصؿһ±ذӵĹɣҲǱȽĵˡ
û뵽ã
źЩı֣ҲûǺصزģЦŵ壬⹤ĺϸ°
ˣ
׵Ŀ佱ҲЦ
Цŵ壬Ӧô죿
Цҵĵϣץ棿ֱǿЦЦһ鷳ѵ绰һ£
õģ
ЦŵҲ֪μȻˣӦѾ˶Բˡ
һˣٴĿǰĸԻǲηǿȨ
ȻǰԼԼһԵҲνˡ
ŵ绰˿ǰɣ
Сӣ£
ʵҲЩ֣׵ĵ绰ķǳ֣˵ҲǺ֡
ֻϧףܹ׺ͺεĶԻأ  һɻ绰ȥûйңһԼ²ɣ
Ӹ绰׿˿΢΢һЦ
ҽӵ绰£
һãĿףȻҲ뵽Ϊʲôһ绰ĺúõԼӵ绰أ  Ϊɻ֤һ鵽ô£
ӹ绰ͷιλ񣡣
ǺΣ
εӵĵͳһͿѾ߲ʺһ㡣
ɫˢˢĿʼˣ  Σʵ̫Ϥˣ  ʡίǺΣΪίǵƽʱߵһ仰Ҫ᳹ʵʡίǵĳĳ
û뵽ôһССίҲܹͺͨˡ
ȫʡһٶλίǣǶҪܵĻǻæ
ίҪͺ˵ϼ仰Ƕǲ̫ܵġ
ܵԱߣȻʲô
ܵһԣЦһһ쵽һҲ֪ʲô͵أ
أҵҪܹʲô
°мĿѾǷǳˡ
һڸԼϰֶŸɣҪڼͼӴ׵Ļȥ˵һµĻһʲôίҲͷˡ
°һرˣѾˡ
һϲƽʱĶרȨҲˣڱصĹ
İɣسˣò˶ãǵλӦþˡ
°˰˵·ĸǰ㲻ϸ£  ִ󺣷⼸˵ĻеĵǸǰһ쵼ɵˣǵ˿˿ľ
ԼСӣվеϢˣû뵽ôһ  ַƾôվ׵ԱߣԼģʾҪģôܹأ
һﵱٵߣǲǸ첲š
棬ʱͷǱ˵ʲôǺο񣬿ַĵȴˡ
ǣôᡭ
һʱЩ״ˣ֪Ϊʲô׻ʶǡ
ĻЩ˵ҵĹͣôģҵĿҲץ
һ̵ǣ֮ǰ¸ʡҴ˸绰˵߳ˡҾ͹û뵽Ȼѡ
㲻ҵĿôˣǾôµģֱ޷죡ǹְٴܹù𣿡
һ˵ֻҪһĿ˾㹻ˡ
ǣ֮ǰҪץӲûͬ⣡ǣҸյزãչҲǺ˳Գسղ˵ҪץҲ
ĹôһҪǸʲôγһתһسӦøɺԼıְֲĹҪʲôûһ֯ˣ
ǣ˵ļǣһ㡾ְأԭǷģİȫһᱣ֤õġ
γһȥһ˱أɣ
˵˵绰ɴ˿̵Ѿһ𾪣ǰֵʡίԹһˣ  ӲҲӦһ⣬ǰ˾ǵ֮
û뵽ڱʵĵطȻţ˴ڣһʱľԼĻˡ




182Űĳ°
 


˿ҲǱһţû˸ҽΪ쵼ߡ
شƵϰղ˵˴ܣǵҪʱȴ쵼ˡ
ίǺسˣԭ׼Ҳŵ˻ȥ
绰˽ȥڵ͸ղѾȫˡ
˵ղһ־ľĻôھһ緢ˡ
绰Цŵ
׿̬ȣѾ֪ôˣʵղͺεĶԻҲһ
лл׵Ҳǿĺܡ
ԽԽ˼һļӶûУ˻ǻⲻǿЦ
ЦŵҪȻȻȥ
УüȽϵĶ࣬ҾȻȥˡЦŵ

ַһ㶣Ҳû뵽龹Ȼôɵľͽˣˣ  ̫˰ɣ
˰ɣû뵽һȥ˸绰ɵˡ
ĳ¸ʡĶӻأôҪˣ
ѲɾһҲ¸ʡһ  ĵҲ̫˰ɣ
ʵϣһһЩҪŭ˳¸ʡĻʲôùӳԣ  ûкùӳԵĻôίǵλûȵԼ  ǵȵʱ򣬵һľˡ
ɲһﵽҪʲôԼڳ¸ʡֵ߱ĺʱôܷŹأ  񿴵ôߵĶŭ𣬳°Ǿú⡣
°ҲĺܣһһӶԼԼʱȥһҪԼĸǰһϵҩˮ  ųЦһص黹ֲѾˣ¾ļһҪռŮ캦֮ѲɻҪΪŰɣ
Ѫˣ°ЦһĵҪҹȥǰɣ
׿˿°΢΢һЦһ˻ˣ˼վߣҶЩ˰
ҲЦŵҵ˼Ѿˣ˭ҪǸҶһëĻǿɾͲҪˣ
úúã
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׵ɫһ˵ˣɲ

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°ֱӱһȭ̵˼ûκηӦʱ䣡
Ĳ·ưǸʡĶӣȻֱӾͿˣ  סˣҲסˣ
˼ŵôľһ㣬һֱʲô˶Ҵ򰡣
һλߵǰ棬˿һĳΰ΢΢һЦɣ
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ΰڴڵĴŴһ־ĸо
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ΰҪɵĿ֮ɫߺĵͷ
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183Сֵĵ绰
 

׵ļУʱһƬϲա
ԴӽַƵ֮鶼ԭǳƲҵѾʧ
ִ󺣷ҲǸˣȻǲ֪ᷢʲôĿǰǿĵġ
ڶһ磬ľˣڵȴľܵ˵Ļع顣
˵׻صΨһҪ飬ǿ¾ǰܺͷˡ
ջһ죬Ŀǰûȥһ顣
һ绰˿һİĺ룬ҲЩ֡
Լֻ֪˲࣬ǽ˵绰
ιףλЦʵ
ָ磬Сְһӵ绰ͷ˹оǳ˷ܡ
С֣Сô绰ҵİһϤҲǼ
ָ磬绰ҵģСֵЩ΢΢Щ쵽ȥʲôط˰һѧУ㱻֮Ҵ˰춼ûϢ
˵
׿ʼİ齲СҲҪģڼǸСҲνˡ
Сַŭ˵˵û뵽Ȼô˼ҿָҪȻ
ηǱӣ
ûзĻᰡСҲû뵽ڶ̶̵һ֮ھôࡣ
ǰҪȻھֻܹҵķͷϿͷˣ׵Ļ͸һɱ֮
ָ磬쵽ң㻹֪ɣһ̸ˡСƵ˵û뵽澹Ȼˣ
νˣͻˣϰ̲˵һβ𣿡ЦЦȱŮ
СֺٺһЦָ磬㶼ˣܲŶˣ֮ǰ˵лл㰡ָ磡
㻹ʲôСӸϽһ۾۰Цŵ
СֵͷʵһʼһĲģһ˵ָˣ֮ǰҴ˸绰
˵绰׳ʵôúõĸ绰
һﵹǿ˵һܺͺҪڹǵ飬˰еͬѧÿһ˶绰ˡ
СܵҲ൱ߣһﻹһ޳֮ͽ
ȻˣҲΪСֺ׵ĹϵǳĺãĻҲô
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Сֲ֪Ƕôţ棬ЩҲܸСֵġ
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ͬѧۻ᣿飿  ׵з˿˿Цܵ濪İֻϧһλ¾սˣ  绰֮״һ绰˼컪˼Ҫء
ԭǹٹģ׾÷Ҫ̸飬Ծڿʼ̸ˡ
ױƷȻüޣ굽ʱһЩ
Qеĳгƹԭ˼һصģҪȥʡ濪ᣬûа취
ƹԼûйûƿŻ˼˱  ׳ıȽȻľܽΪ֮ǰСͨ˵绰һЩ顣
˼ͻƿ˵Ƚ˱ӴǵǱصس
س칫ң
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ɶ
Ȼַˣ黹Ҫȥİɣ
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˼˿Ǻܿ˵Ҹһ׼ͶһױƷͶܶԼʮң
٣һ߸ߣ  ʮڣ˵س䲻ʹˣƿЩ뿪Ц˵
ûûУֻǲŰ
ȷǲţôһڱȻԼͷϣ




184˵ĳس
 

ЩΪ̶ͷأĿǰȱڻʮûɡ
ʮڰ  ҪٵͶʲܹʮڵȱڸأ  Ϊµʱ䣬֮ǰŸµʱܹҲʮҵͶʡ
ɵٵģҲʮڰ  ҪɲõĻҲûгɼ˵Ҫ񳬶ɵĻԺԼǨҲ޻˵ˣ  ĵСžȻľôҲû뵽ƿ͸ԼôͶʰ
سͶʻѾȷˣطûп죬һѹˣҪȻһȥ
˼֪Ϸ飬ͶȻҪسˡ
ƿ˿ʵسȥˣ
ǰڰ칫Ҳʲô顭Це˵仰һȴʾصĲϡ
ƿĿһ۳ô飬ҪûǳİĻ¡
һ⻰һ߸ߵƹӣһĶֵϣһһЩȨġ
˼΢΢һЦسѻ˵ˣȻŵġһѹɡ
úúá
ǿĵģû뵽龹Ȼô˳˶оЩ̫һˡ
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ǵĿ˶ǲҪ  ʱһüĸоίô󣬳ʲôܿͻ֪ġ
ҪóһﶪˣԽԽģ
ܿ죬׾ƿ˳ţ  һ˰ԵĿԼţһԻϷͻףɫ
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һԵĻ˼Цŵָ磬Ǻóʱ˰Ͷʵ黹ϾǴɶ
ʲôͶߣ
һЩ̱Լλϣоһ㣬ôﶼСأ




185𾪵
 

ʧģ
û뵽⵽ֵȻȥˣұ൱ơ
û뵽龹ȻйأԴϸ׵˷˳ͻ֮ƺҲ̫˳ˡ
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İ칫ңʱЩЦտ
ǣǲ˼ղߴˣƿҲ൱Ļˡ
Цŵƹ˵ĻСһӦڱû˵һɣ
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ʲôͷ˸ҶָĶ㣿ǲ𣿡˼
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İ˼Щ𾪵ĿףЦŵҲӹҷûӰ
˿˼ʵǺǰɣ⡭ָţأ
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˼ЦһԵҲͷ
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һʱ벻˼ʵҲͦġ
׹һֵŷŵٶ
ŷţٶŶŶŶˣǸȫ׸һЩȻ
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ǻ˼һһȻ֪ģ
˼ͶʣܹһȳţʱȻҫޱȵġ
ܹһֵľ÷չ  ֪ҲǿԵ˼Ц
һԵ׺ٺһЦСҲֻܹ֪ˣ
ȥ
˼һףȻ޻˵һֱԼϵĹ⻷֮µġ
Լҵϻûʲôɾ͸У˵ʱҲֻܹʾˡ
λǻٶѣڸʲôģһĲ֪
׻ǲ֪һﵽǸʲôģ֪һӦͷС
һ˼ĹϵͿԿóԼΪҲǿԿóġ
ϵǾӵ˾Ա˼Щ赭д˵
ĶУǼֱ羪ըһĴ̶  ʲô˾ԱĶӰЩˡ
ڿ⼸֮ţƵľǻƿ˰ɼƿĸҲQеĳг
ЩҪˣզʹյһ飬ֱԼʶأ
˵һʶô࣬ʶһǶ˲õİ
ο˵˼ҪԼ  ֻҪһµĻʱصƽ׵Ťת
Ҳ׵İѳȥ




186ּͶ
 

ʲô˾Ա˾ԱģҾңϵûйϵ
Цŵʵܹţôܸϵûйϵأ  ϵڱĻѾ֪ʰٻˡ
ĵԸӣ˿˵κεطܹˡ
̣
֮мб̳Ǳ̳һ˻һ־ĸо
Ź˵ǣǺǣҲֻܹŹ˵
˼ЦŵǣһιҪҪͶһױƷĹ
ŶͶʹٶ֪ͶʶŶ٣Цʵ
Ǻ°ϵʱ򣬺ܶĹͿɶǱһˡ
ǸоǸռӣ˱϶ԼزѣʵصǸˣȴԼ
Ϊһصǣôܹܵľأ
һõĻǰҪʲôͶʶȽϴģǶڱصľ÷չ涼Ҫõġ
Ż˼ӣбжôĸˣ
ЦŵͶӦڶʮң
ʮڣ
˷ˣҲò̾һ£
֪һĻʮڣѲͲ֪
Ȼǲܵ飡
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⻹㣬ͽɵĻǶδʱһӰ
ʮڣ˼϶ĵͷ⣬Ҫ׷һЩͶʣ
׷ͶʣһҲЩƣ׷Ͷʵ黪˼СӸҲûиԼ˵  ˼׾ȵӣЦŵǻŷŴڱĸһŷ㳡ĿͶʶȴڰʮңаһҵġһǼľƵټ׵ĹԢȣ
ɶ⣿ʮڣ񼸺ˣʮʲôԼѲɲ᲻֪  ʣµĿ³𾪣ֻʣ¾ˡ
⼸˵ĵܹıĸ֣һκ˶û뵽ġ
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ΪչǱĻôҲڱĵطôһҵĵġ
˼һλȥ֮Ҫ軯ױƷԼͷӻ˵һ¡
Ҳû뵽ԼĶӾȻܹҵôõĿ
ο׵ˣֱǻΪˡ
ԼžһܺõӣʵԭԼžڱĺܺõ֡
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ȻĻױƷ֮ļʮǰ࣬û°Ͷ쾪ˡ
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һǮˣںͶˣǵʱˣ
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ȷ۹⣬׬ǮҲеġ
׺ܿͨĻڣû뵽ŷžȻôĿ졣
֪ȴ֪
ѹҲ֪ױƷжô棡  ڶŷ㳡ͶʸӵĸȤҪ֪⻪ŷ㳡һ
ֱԴľҵλǧһˣԴĸλǲ
һŶˣһôľҵλGDPǴǶŷǳԵƵġ
ǳ׵ɵˣ  ̫죬ԼЩܲˣ  ʢʻһ˵ٶӭͶʰǱһõߣ
ŷ㳡ž޴ӰĹ㳡һڱؿ֮ľǵؼȻˮ׼ȫˡ
Ͷ飬Ը
̸ķǳĿ죬һСʱĹ򣬻ϻ˼̵Ĺģϸڶöˣ
ԭҪ׵ڳԸģǸܾˡ
׵뿪ίԼڹڼ䷢شĿͶʡ
ʱ򻹻ǩԼЭ飬ΪʱʡҲǸʱ֣ؿľͳˡ




187û޵
 

ʮ¶磬شƵ꣡  ܺͺʮ¶ǵQеķɻˣͳԷӡ
ڶ̶̵һʱȷ˹ϵʵúܶ˶ǳһ󾪵ġ
Ϊԭһ൱֪֮һܺͺ滹ɲŮòȷͦġ
ѧ֮俴صʲôʵͳɼڼڸн׶ȻҲʱȣʱȴûнôĸӡ
һһߵˣ֮ǰûй׷棬˽ȴֹһεĽӴ˺档
ŮҲȷһӣڱСطܹŮǰһġ
ܣôߵ̫ðɣЩǵĿܵ
̸ôĶȷЩ
ѧҵгɣ˸ŮѻǵܶͬѧмŮ
һصصĵһ飬Ҫ԰һ£
ܿźС棬ʲôõĵģ̸Ǻܸ˵ϲҿɲҴţϣȫ綼ܹ֪
Щǰͬѧ滹Щ̫ܵ˼
ܺٺһЦΪǵͬѧҲҪõǵף
ðɣġ֪һ׻᲻һ˿Ļ䡣
ףںĿлһĵλġ
һἰףɫЩѿ˵С棬㲻ỹɣҶ˵ˣһΪηǱˣ
֪ܾò̫ܣЩԥ˵
ܣʲôܵģͷ֪֪治֪ĵ˶ȥܳ
Цŵ˺ˣͲҪԴˣʵҲ̫ϲġ
˷ǳʵǹɢģ  ׵Ϊʲôú˼ʵⲻǺһС˼ѡ
֮ǰĺΪ׵ĳɼδӦûһõķչûлؾס
˵˾ǴѧĻһָĸо
ܰϲܾã˵֮󣬸ӵȷҪ׺ͺֿľˡ
ղܵ˴۸־Ըķ  ں飬ʵҲǱΣΪһ㶼
Ҫ֪Լ־Ը֮ͣһЩĻҲһ  Ҫƴ
ΪԱܣֻøһ£һηǱӵļ
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һֱںԺ֮УԼҲоЩ֡
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֪Ļ泯ܿ˿
ô˱ʹƵ꣬ڵЩġ
ܵͷһܾ֮ǰһֱ˵ҪǴѧ𣿡
ǰͬѧ˭֪ЩĿܣʵЩ벻ͨ
һľ˾˲γɷ־ֵһҲ˵ġ
ô˵£ұ֤˵ȥַĵ
һºĶͷһܲ𣿡
ᣡЩŤܵϣ˵ĹϵչĵǼ졣
ʵϺ濴صľܵļǰ;
ȣܵĳɼ࣬ǼҪ̫̫ˡ
ײũˣӺͳʲôûС
ܲһһϾǴѧﾹȻ͸һ
ھŷӣųжôˡ
׿Ҫܿʮģȴʲô඼ҪܣֱӾܹϺӡ
ټϺĸĸҲܵڵĺΪʲôܵĹϵչô죿  ʵ϶ˣ
ף治һ̥ѣʮı̥  ֮ǰڱһѧʱΪ˲ģһ˶ûдӦ˴ѧˣҲˡ
ܿźһЦģ־Ǳ˵׵ķҪڽʵҪȥչˣǴѧһͷѣ
ֲð
ЩȻĿܣȻЩ𾪣ȴһжġ
Цŵ԰Щ̫ڰҲñ֪۴
ҪڳĻҲø裡  һʵûް
֪ϹҺأЩҸߡ
ܿ˿Ҹ˵С棬һһҪд˰
һأôһQ˰Сʵ
ܺٺһЦһƽʱɵģһҸһȾƣȶ˸˵ʵ
ʲôʵϹ濴ܺʵ




188´ͷͬѧ
 

شƵ668ͷڣ
˿סһȥһСˣǺܻкһͬѧ
ֽˣˣҲǾǴѧ
ͬͬѧҲǳζͶ
ϲȾʲôģҲϲȥKTVҹһļϡ
ֻһʼ֪һﾹȻǿı
һεQУΪ֪һıʮǿ˹档
ʵҪ˽ܸԼϵıķչ
˵˺٣ҪǾ˵ĻǵʱͿԳƤˡ
ôԼϵֳ϶ǻһġ
һһȦȻ˵˼ҿɲˣǼھǿţˣ˵кü뵱쵼ݣĸǸʲôģһֱû˵
ļٵİС죬ƺоԼľЩ
ܵͷģһȷ˵ɣϳԹȻȥһôȥQе飡
Уȥ£˵Ҳ֣Ц˵
ĵͷҪľЧ
Ȼ泤ƯһûҰĵȻҲ֪ġ
ټһֱͦϲģҪһɹĳȥ档
˱شƵ꣬ҲǸյҲã  һ֮ǰҲǳȥѧȥˣֻĳɼһ㣬Ҳֻһרƶѡ
ܸ硭
һǳһ
СӣȻıһҪܿһЦ˷һȭ
ٺһЦܸ磬Ů
ȥȥȥһߴȥҾ֪һﹷ²ܸϽСӱ졣
ܣ
ܸʱһ˽ȥЩģƺո˯ѡ
һˣ̶Цˣ˰
˿˿Աߵĺ棬Ҳ¶һ˿аĿ⣬ֻСصķǳĺá
˸ܰûɶ˼Ҳ˵ô棡
ܳ˼۵ˣһϳԲQмʶʶʱ֪ˣ
ȤҿУ
˿ʵܸ磬λǣ
ˣͬѧܽܵȻָָ
ˣ˼Ҫ¡һһֱȽϵǷ
˿ͷ˿ԼЦЦһ
ѲݣСӣţƵİ
ڱؾǻģһȫ̵ģ¹˭  ղǿЦû뵽һﾹȻԼ
ˣǿܵϣըëˣ  ţƲţƣţƵ㣡˿ŷм˵ʵ̫λˡ
һһﾹȻëˣϽҸǣʲô
ܸ磬ҲǿǣҪǵĻҷǴһȲУһ
룬ҵȣţưҵҪСôҵȴϣҲˡ
нп಻ղ֮ǰӦȰ߷ġ
֪СӹƢһˣͿƲסˣ
ǵﲻﰡܸϽҸǵǸ
ҸǸܸûиһӱQû뵽ܾȻ˵Ļ
ܳҵĻ㲻ǰɣ
Բ𣡣ߣ
ûа취֪Ҳǲܹģ˵Ҳϵǣѡ
˵ʲôģҲֻԼˣ  ˾Ľ壬ĸǽֳѧУĹ̫ˡ
۸ߣǮҲ൱  ˭ԸأһֱܵƨģһҲ⡣
ȻŭգǸ˵Ǹˣ  Щ̫ƽˣţʲôҪǿķϣҪСʺɣ  ˣֵܾԣʵͦõģҲͦġЦŵ
˿ŷǸˣҲ˵һĳСӣҲҸôţƣ
㡭
Ҫëͱһ۸ȥ㬵뿪վһԣǰ״̬һ϶Ĳᡣ
ͬѧۻ᣿ҾͲμ˰ɣ˿˿ʵ
ˣҲͬѧʱŪƣȻ󡭡ܸһ㶮
˺ٺһЦǶ಻˼
̾һ˸㲻֪ҪҰ̫Ļһȥĵطһ氡
ֲʲôֳɶ£ʵ
ܼװε˵㲻֪һҰҪسģû뵽ûˣű˶ˣƣ
£ϣһسַӵ顣ҪǴˬˣ°ϣ˴ֵ˵
ļٵİˣⴵţı¼ǰЩм˵
ӣЦһˣȵʱ֪ˣ




189Сֱ
 

شƵ꣡
СߵʱѾӡ
СһֱӴ˵绰ף׺ܿľ˱شƵߡ
ʱ֣Ѿ˱أ˿ڽӴΡ
ԭҪȥǵģֻϵΪҪ
ܣ  ԼҪˣ֮ǰֽҪһ
С֣Сӵͦ찡
׿СֵʱҲǰһӵֵҲǺþòˡ
СЩ˵ָ磬ҶΪҲˣ
С˵ʲôɥջЦʵ
СֵͷǰؼһˣȻ͹ˡָţ˰
ţʲôţЦʵ
Ҷ˵˰ŷŵٶ㶼ʶСһĽ˵
ǺǣҲǻԵɺʶĶѣһܽܣûһЦŵ
İСһʵ
һƭ㻹զΣҵˣʱȥŷ
С¶ڵ˵һ仰顣
СɫЩǺ˵ŷǴλҡƱ¡
أСϢ״ֵ˵
СһЦҿɾͶЩָ˰ָܵô죿
һô죿СӲͰҸŪˣֻ֮֮ˣ
׵Թһ˿âܺͷûκεͬġ
ڸбҵʱܹ˺ݶĳԺҲٲˡ
ǽ죬ҲΪˡ
СЦŵ֮ǰһȰָ粻Ҫ嶯ָʶôţˣҾͲ˵ʲôˣҲӦá
С֣һȹȥȥ߻һ׳
СЦŵа
԰
ܽҲƴģڱشƵһƲҲǧ𲽣һӾŪ
ûиǶԸ˵ģˣƵĵҲ
ٿǮһƿҺ˿Ŷоĵθһ㡣
˿̣԰ȺǱ̸߽ţϾǸոϴѧһεķż٣ܶ˶ѡ˻ؼҡ
һѧģܶ඼Ǳˣ  һߺȣҲȫˣҶͬѧ˭Ҫһأ
ܸһľۻĻЩͬѧСۿ϶Ҳٲ˵ġ
˳䵱ԩͷȻҲġ
ڣ緢ĺ˴кһԵĺҲƵƵ˵ͷ
ܣ
ǰܣ֮ǰ׺ץˣô°
԰һ￼ôãûѧϰɣ
ҲǰⱻץˣǾ۵㰡
ΧܣǶҪѯѯ׵䡣
΢΢һЦףҲ֪ûе绰ôϵĵأҿ˵һηǱˣ
ƨ
СֿЦһ
뿭ôС־Ȼܶţüͷһǰ
Сֿ˿ΪҲ֪Ǹɵʲô¡
СǸʵϵˣһЩزס飬ȴΪһܺõШӡ
˿С֣һץסСֵ죬Ȼ뿭ӺĺԷǲ
ôΣңСҲ൱׳ʵɲ·
ܿ˿Сֳˣ֪Ǻֵܣ׳Ҷʹģ
СЦһʹģߣͲҪè޺Ӽٴȱˡ
˿С֣Ȼֿ˿ܣܳŷ΢΢ͷ
ܿȥһȭֱӺСֵϡ
Ťһţԭúõͬѧۻᣬƺ˶û뵽
ܵƫܣС˫ȭѵ֣ܿͰ
뿭ӱģһҪҸ㣡ܸؼҵĺӣҪٸߵҵĻŲҴȣ
ʮһֻŲС֣ҪһԵŵĻСֿ»ᱻĺܲҡ
Сбۿŷһͻᵹùģ
ڱػû˸Ҹô˵ҲҵùҵҪ˭ù
ٺЦСбŷһ䡣
Ǵȵ˵ˣҶͬѧ˰
ֵ˵һֱܸ磬ҪҪжһ첲
һĻҲǵһ
һԵĺϽܣͬѧۻᣬûбҪܸӰɣô˶أ
ܳź΢΢һЦҪ˵ʱ԰İһδ򿪡
˳Ǹ򿴹ȥʱ򣬼˵沿鶼ˡ




190º׵ķ
 

ף  ˶ǲŵĿǰˣ̫Ϥˡ
ѧԣһе񻰣  ߿һе״Ԫ  һˣԴӽ¼ȡ֪ͨ鱻ץһѾǳΪ˺ܶ෹̸ʡ
ͬѧǻˣȥʲôط֪
˵һΪηǱˣû뵽Ȼôö֮վߡ
ѲһǱԩģ  ô׵ĳֵȷ˶оЩˡ
ס
ܵɫղſ׵ʱҲһ
һﲻǱ˸¸ˤôߣ  ͬһ˻зһҲЩƣΪҵ˰һ˵ġ
û뵽ֻĳߣȳٶܺͷ൱Ĵġ
ܸ磬һһСĶʵ
ܳ㲻˵
ǰܸ磬ǰ˵ȷǡôһﾹȻ
˵ǰػһˣ¶֪˵˵ʲô
ܺͷ˶ǵ˵ʲô
ˣȳԷһ극ʱ򾯾Ǳߡ
ٺЦҶû뵽һĵӾȻôķʣһѲͲ¡
ߣʲôʶôͬѧߣ˵ʲô㶼Ҫ֪𣿡
ܻҪһЩֵӣһһ˵©ˣǵʱùĿ¾ˡ
ɱ˵ǿǲС  㲻ԼⱲӾҪɹˣɲϣġ
һЦܸ磬ֲɵ˵ˣҾ˾˿Ƿ־ֵľֳСӱڷ־־аס֮ǰûзͨҪŪʧ˿ڣȻˣǾͲʧ˿ô򵥵ˡ
̵һʹ绰˾ˣ˹
ûⰡһǻҲûջ񰡣СӾջ֮ǰҲСпûû뵽󰡣
дһɺ⡣
һļϣǵĶԻһֲĶ׵ĶС
ԭ׻ûдô͹ϾγָոյشƵꡣ
һQУȻ˽ݹģϾһʡǡ
ҪǲǺһιΪԼŹģӴҲ񻰡
ɸղž׵ȴεĹУû뵽С־Ȼˡ
̵һ
һﻹô˵澹ȻҴԼֵܣ  ֱ  ˭ģ
׻ĳСֵķ˹ȥߵСֵߣСַ
Сֿ˿׵Ǽģ
ߣ׵ıǿзһߣ˿Цּˣͬѧ
˭ĸͬѧһ˻̸ͬѧֱǸЦ
׷УҪǰôڳĻͶˡ
ǺǣʵҲͬѧղС֣
׿˿¶һ˿ɭȻЦݡ
׿Ц˼ҴôѲ㻹ĺֵܱ𲻳ɣѽֶЩˣ
ˣҵֺҲеôأ΢΢Ц
ôͬѧ棬ǵ
¶һ˿м鿴ףⵥС壬ҲԼΣ
԰ʱ򱻴˿ɾЦ˰Դ˵
ȥģҲ˵ЦһֱӰԼ¸ˣ¶һ˶
ǻģȥѧҲ߸̶ѡ
ŷ۵ܶͬѧǷһ̾Ȼźˡ
ͬѧۻỹ˼ˣһͷ˴¼  Ϊ¼Էʤһʱ׾Ȼˣ  һӾ;ˣԭ׺ܻзìܣҶ֪ġ
ìĿʼˣ  һĻ˶УûȰǡ
Щνͬѧǿֲ´ǻҪô
Ť²ӣȻ쿴һһȦ
СһԵָ磬ЩһﲻҪ
׵΢΢ʾСȲҪ˵ĵһĿǷᣬܷŹ  Ǳ߽ţƺȴ׶֣  ׿ɲŹôõĻᣬһѾǵȴ̫ˡ
飡
ûзӦʱѾǱһȭɳȥһɶԶ
¡  ٶֱڿնصһԵϣӼѹˡ
Ӵ
Լؿڣ鶼ЩŤˡ
˶Ǳ׵ĳָˣһȴûӰ쵽ס
ܿ죬׾ȥŷһȭߣûκ˸ҽӽȥЩס
һСľͲԼ  ǲ  ǼֽżȫϣȲҵĳ˿ŶоЩͷƤ飡
PSֵǳϦ֣Ǿӭµ棬ףֵѧϰ˳Դ뻳ϣµһֵǶܹ³ɡ




191¸ҸΣ
 

ͷƤ飡  ˸оһͷƤĸоһͷŶ˸о}ûţ  ˶û뵽ȥֵӣȻǰû˿ĵֿ
һӵʱ󣬴˿ٿѾЩ˲˹ģˡ
ÿһβҽ˸оһĪ
Ƥֱû뵽ھȻôͣҪ֪ǰѧУǸ˰ѡ
֮ǰѧУûб۸ûиҸǰƦåţ
û뵽ͼ²Сӳ־Ȼô׼ݣʵ˿ųԲ
ף𣿡
Щܲ˵Ĵݲзڵķͷð亹˶Ѿڶˡ
˲֪׳Ϊʲôôݣ֪  Խ֪Խ°Ը֮һĿ¾Լˣ  ׻һ½ǣȻվĽһεֱ̧ӶŷĴȸһţ
໣
ѾĲεķһεֱͦ˸庿
վڷ߲Զ˵һȻĿף鵹õĺܣ֮ǰҪˡ
ܣѲ㲻֪˭׿¶һ˿Ц
Ϊ׵ǸŮԼѱ۸ˣҲһĲʹ졣
濴׵ףôǵͬѧ㾹Ȼôݵ֣
׿˿Ҫɱҵʱô˵
Ҫɱ㣿ôܣ
Щֵ͵ƺ˵Ļ
ΪҶͬѧɱ˲ɱ˵֮伸ǲܴڵģɷµ˵Ҫɱ
ֱֲ̫һЩɣ
棬Ҹд飬Ҳعҡû뵽㾹Ȼһˣĺܺã
׿źгʧеûʲôо
Ůˣֻھ¶ĸ鲢һǰ顣
ֻģȻǽģʲôĽҪ򿪡
оͰ棡  濴˿׵ףϹ˵ʲôôܴӦʲôأ
һԿЦҲҪ⣿ҲԼǸʲô
ܣһڸˣ׳źϲ˺棬ӽ֮Ҫʧȥνˡ
ף㲻ҪĲϲ㣡֪ǼʣĲϲʲô취أ
ΪޣԲŻġ
׿˿ЦϲϲҶ˵ûκε壡
ЩŭĿףһصعԼܵ
Щһ˵ףȲ̫ԶˣھǶ׼ˣQһ׷Ӷɣ
ǣ˵أҾЩͻˣ˵˵ȥΪǮһЦȻŮһ㶼ûʲô³ģǺˡˣҲㆪˣһǺˣ
㣿Ҹףôͬѧʲôһͨţһᾯͻ
ܱĺܺһ裬һͲ֪ᷢʲôˡ
£
׵һһεѾ͸ֱ嵽ܵͷ
ͨ  ЩʹĹʶѵģƺЩԼʹˡ
ܣʲô
ͨһ¹һԵĺоɫһͨ졣
Ǳ׸ŵҪȻԼôһĸǰأ
ɫǺ죬û뵽ԼȻŵһʵ֪Ѿ׸סˣ  Ӵǣô񰡣
׵иǳҲһﳢһʲô

ܵЩĸоױվ
˵ˣҽ˵ģ׳Ҫɱҵʱ򣬻û뵽ôһһվǰɣ
˶ʲôʱҪɱˣǷ̰Ȼˡ
˵ֵܣ˰ɣҸΣ
˿ܱ۸ЩȥˣԼQУû뵽ʲôûأͱСӸƻˡ
Ȼˣ˵ǿģԴԼ鱻׸ˡ
ԭҪСһЩȻû뵽ǣļһﱻ׸ˣ  ۸ܣΪܵĴѧͬѧҲЩĲ̡
Ȼ֪֮䵽׷ʲôìܣ  Ҳһϲͷˣں滹һûмʲôĸͬѧǰ




192´žžž
 

Ǻǣаͷģ
׿˿ˣһ϶ͬѧ߼ʶ
ΨʶЩֵĿˡ
۽˭ܳͷ¶޼µġ
Ҵѧͬѧӣ
˼ظԼĻоЩһ㡣
һ۸־ԸȻ㷷µˣŹ𣿡
׷ˣ˵Ŀһ˿ı䡣
˸ûʲôϵôһٵڤ粻Ļǿɾ͹ֲˡ
 Ѿǿһĳ̶ȣ  Ǻǣ㲻˵ܰɣܣЦŵһ˽ģˡ˵ֵܣ˴ˣҲˣҲˣҿ඼ˡ
ϲһգ˶ôҾͶԱô
׸òģѾûʲôȤ
ô˵㲻ˣ
˵ɫѾЩѿҲ֪˲֪ԼݣԼݱ¶ˣĵҪˡ
ⲻһЩСطûмˣԭΪԼͿ԰ƽˡ
׿˿˵ҪĻҾͱ죡
ǺǣŰ
˵ɫҲǽ⵹һԵ˷
׾˭  ˲֪֪ܿһģһ˴ҪΪ˰ϵġ
û뵽߾Ȼóײ  ڿԼ֣СӾҪ֮ˡ
㿴ȥǱŶˣ
Щ˵ǰܵģǶԼĵˡ
ϲŵˣҲϲҸǰŵˣһ³ܲң
˶û뵽ԭȥЩɵˣȻţˡ
ܿ˵ˣûйϵһһ㣬
ңǺǣҪǸҶһ»߶Լһ£ĳȥƵˣ
⵹治ǴţǼھǵȷǺܴȻֶ֡
һҪΣûʸ
ž
˻ʱѾһֱӳܵкȥˡ
˵ˣ־ٶһ˻޷⡣
˵Ͷ֣رĺݣҲˣ  Ŀɿڴ  ˶ǵɴ۾ǰһĻԾޱȣ  ֶˣǵŸղ˵󻰵˵涯ֵģֱǻĴ  ǱžžģһķӦʱ䶼ûУ
ܵ˲׵ĸͷһ㣬һ׵ķɲŵģһ˸Բ
ڿ˿ǰܣͺ֮⣬İǱѾ³˼Ѫܵݡ
ӿȥҪֲжֲ
ܡ
û뵽׾ȻĸҶִԼѣһӸоЩˡ
ףʲô˼ܺôҲǵͬѧôܶأ
ǣԼȥᵽͷϣ
棬ҪǴ绰ɡһˣ
ǰϽ110һץӾͲʲô鶼ܹɵóˣ
еͬѧðͷָףΪǿ׾һ񣡣  ͬʱ˵ѾǱñһƬ
ûκһˣôԼľųǵĹӸ磬ںʲô  ں޷ǾǸӣ  ЩͷɶѪӾԲܹˣ  ׵ļһȻôĲԼӣǿɾĹֲˣ
СӣԼģ
˵һ˿ֲϢҪףŭ³ǳĲҡ
׿˿Цһֻ֪һ仰ҧ˵ĹУ
ҲܣúúãҵҪǶţơ
û뵽һ˵ôĶȻԼɹ
׶˲ûκεȤǱߴ绰ҲЩ
ͷǿ绰  ܵĸǰ˹ȥ˿̵ܿӲסˡ
һʵ̫ˣԭΪصһĶֵϣǻ˼һԼͷӵӡ
ǱݺΣ첲šȣܹķ˲ɣ
оԼˣһƣҪ־Ͷ֣  Ҳ֪һﵽôڿ֣һĪĿ־У
ܿ죬һ󾯵Ѿ߾ط־ʵ̫̫ˡ
ӵʱ䣬ʮѾߡ
ղŷ־ֽӵ˱˵ֳȻˣΪֳҲĪ  һԴӣҪ˭ҶԼ
ͬʱ˵ĵ绰ҲȻĴţߵƺҲѾʼˡ




193ǿޱ
 

ȣط־ֵľֳ  ʵȵıط־־ֳҲǸ᲻ã֮ǰһµ顣
ȿνǱϵͳһҲ͵һ㡣
ԼСһ˳ųģԼȻԼĵ̱˴ˣһŭӿͷ

ȸһͿԼȫ̱ĵ˵ϣʹӣ˿Ŷоһۡ
һ˿ȻоˣɱϾ²ؼ߸߹
ȴһ׾˾˰ԼСӣ޲ÿʼɱˡ
ˡ˾ˡء
ˣ޵ĺģڼֽûһͷġ
׸ϼӳһЩĻѾ۵Ļʹȥˡ
ڵ׾ǲ÷ʣҪһĿԼŰ  ˭˭
ȵɫֳһֱǰһԵļûпȷ˴Ļ
Ҫ֪ϵͳ棬ǿǳЦ滢κǰһҺܿĵģ  ң
׵ҲǺܹĿȣȻʶŷ˾ˣ֪֮ǰԼؽȥйء
Ϊô˾˵ĻҲڱӡ
ҲΪЩһʹղһȥ
ҪĵõĴеĻڵͱһʬ
˶֪ԼѾһʬʱԼĸĸأԼֵܽأ
ô죿  Щ˼ȻԼĸܣôҲڿ˵ĸˡ
ץȴһ˵ȿ
֣²̫ϹذһԵһѵ
Ҫ֪ǿִߣ֪˭ôͥڵ¡
ǾֳǾֳҸ㣬ֻҪڷ־һ죬͵ҵġ
ȱ׵ĿһԵľ죬ˣԼӣڸ̸  ķôڱأȰڲƽ
ǣ֣
ҲЩΣǾֳµģǲִ˶ѡ
ʱǳʲô飬Ҳôڳ֤ء
ֵСˣڲǸֱĺʱ  һֿˣʱֵȥɳɶģǵʱˮɾ˰  һΧסףһֱϵľ׵Ķͷ˹ȥ
һ˶ˣǽľͲûжֵˡ
ܿ켸˾Χȥ׼ʵʩΧŹ  Ϊһ׿϶Ҫùʱȴ鲢ӵġ
׸Щ죬һȭһǰΧԼ⼸̵ˡ
ǿ  ˵ֻһʣǿ
춼ҵˣ˻ʲôóأ
ʵѾǵһδ򾯲ˣ֪֮ǰоֵķֶ׸˵ĻͲˡ
ֻڶ˵Ҳû뵽СӵԼ˵棬ȻҶ֣
Ҵ򾯲죿Ƿˣϣ
ȴһӣԼ֮⣬˶ǳס
һʱ䣬԰ĳԵʮֵĻң  ž
һˤʵ˵ĶѾһЩͬѧ뿪԰
ҪǲԼʱ֮
ⷹûгԵĳҲˣ鵹˷ܵĺܡ
װȻվߣʣµһﾯ쾹ȻǺ˵˵ϣ
˵ɴ۾ףһţ  Сطһﻹţ棬ھǣôȻĴ򾯲˻ûа
һЩʵĹٶҲó
Ϊһױãڶ͸ӵĲ˵ˣ֮ܶ򾯲һ˶˵ġ
˻ǲ죬ΪĴڣĵӻôĴ󡣾ȻҴ۸ҵ־ԸҷǺôĵӣ
׵Ļ꣬Щ˵ըһ㡣
ԭ㣡
ЦһһȻûпҲ֪ġ
֮ǰǹҹԼģԼһֻ۱һֻˡ
û뵽СӲûȻˡ
ôݣ
ԭɵģȵðźâ֪ԲܹСߺߡ
ҲʶҰֳ˽ڱؾûһˣ¶һ˿ɭȻЦݡ
㶯һԣ
ȵϲ֪ʲôʱѾǶһǹôǹԭΪⶫòϣڲˣұҪˡ
һȰǹ򣬺ܶ˶ǶԶԶģ²Լ
ʱƵСӣһ²ţ˰ɣҸ㣬Ѿ˵绰һQоϾ͹ҽ컹Ͳţܷ죿
ǣ
ȿ˿Щɵʵ
˹ֵңˣҸǾ˾

Щ𾪵Ŀˣû뵽һͷô
һԵԼ͵壬ҴѧͬѧҲǱһ۸ˣ
ɰ
׿ˣһҡͷСעҪԼ۸ˡ




194ºָ磨֣
 

飡  ԰ĴżǱ߿ģشƵϰ˵˴ܣϽ˹
ǰߴܣûиһβһˡ
ʲô˶ܸĴƵ°  ֮ǰǸﲻ𣬿ʲô˶ﲻġ
ڱһҲ쵱˳
ɿʮڵϣ˶סˣ  ڿһɫȣһӳǰ֣ôˣ
ҵľƵ걻˸ˣҴһﾯ쾹ȻҲ˸ˣƵ۶Ӷడ
ȿŰһĶ̫󣬰Ҳһ
Ȼ˵֮УĻ治ʱ
нп಻ɵ׵Ӱʱһεסˡ
Ĳ֮ǰƵ궯ֵǸ  Ҫ֪֮ίЦеİߵİ  ţˣ  û뵽Ȼڴ򾯲ˣ˲ɵƣǾţˣ  ֪ţˣԵţˣ  Ȼ֪жôţƣ֪һܹίǶͷˣٲţ˵ĻϾûţˡ
ڸоԼûбҪˣ̵ǸǸѾˣ
׿˿ʵʶң˭
ǱشƵϰЩƵ˵
ʵղʱѾˣһӦͬ쵼ġ
ַ˴ܶŹ¼ŸϽ
֮Ǻˣǰʲô˸оԼܹģ
˶ˣʵһ͹ȥ
ߣ㻹ߣЦһ˿ǳܣϣϽҹ
ҡߣߣ
Ѿһ־־ֳѣţʲô
Ƿ־־ֳҲֻܹܹװˡ
߳ȥ̷֮ɱһľͳǵİ˹ȥΪǵĿ߱˸Χء
Ҫ֮Ȼţʲôţ  վ˵룬ƺڸɵٹ⣡
ǰ˶һͷɵԵˣϣЦ
Ҳ룬һĻɵȥ򾯲ûʵĻ
벻ͨҲ벻ͨǺܿͻͨˣ  ں˽̸ţҲڵȴQо˹߾춪ˣȻҲҪһسӡ
ڵĻȥ˵Ļʵ˶ˣΪʮ˶Ըһ˶ԸˣҪǴȥĻϵͳûйˡ
ţ˳ֲɵӣΪʲôű˵ĶȥԸأ  һֱܾղҲǱ˸ͷԣ
֨  ԰һοʱ˼ˡ
˿һ˵ʱ˶ˣŵƺЩ̫˵ˡ
ȿˣǣôˣ
ȣʲô췴ɣŵŵôˣЩʵĿʵ
ǣһҵȻҶִǾ죬⻹𣿡
ȶеֻͨأΪǳˡ
վ׵ʱЦӭȥ˰
壬̫ˣܹңѾǸм˰
˿̵ǻһ˵
һԵˣ˵ķ˹ȥСӣѾҲܵˣ
ǡǸ磬ôⰡһǺèһ㡣
Сӣı߻ҪСӻ㱨ɣҹҴʶʶˡ
˵̬ȣǼֱǴС̬ܵȰ
˻ľ͸һСһҲԹˣСӴС͸档
һֱǱ۸׻ĺˣǺơ
磬ҡһ¡Ҳˣʶҹϵһ㡣
ղװװĸʲôһڡ
˰
һζ˶ˣ㲻ûñһ٣˿ˣ  ߵ׸ǰ˵ָ磡
⡭
Щ״εĿиǽŲѡ
ݣСӸʲôĥĥĸһָ磬СܣˣЦŵ
׿˿˵ԭСܣ˵ôôء
ţĸطŵģҸ˳۾˵
ָ磬ҴˣĴˣʹ˲С˹˲С˹
һǳ׵ķˣû뵽׵ͷô
Ҫ֪һֱôһˣû뵽ȻһȥͱС˸磡  ҪʵǿǾǱǿ󰡣
PSֵ֣󷢡ӮǮ




195
 

԰ڣ
һôƵطȻҲܹţˣ
̫û˰
ԭΪԼľǴٵطǾһһţ
û뵽ʦδԼȻһӾ
˭Ͳ˵ˣ  ǵľԺ棬˭û˵ﰡ  ˵ϵҲǸϵģһȥǲСҲΪ˱˵Сˡ
֮ǰ˿׵ʱ򣬾һһԵĴ³֮ˡ
ͱСطܹʲô۶ӳأ  ֮ǰ׾ڿһЦһ㣬Ǹ߸ϵ
ˣĸо鷭תҲ̫ˡ
ԼûʱȥӦϰµģ˵ֱߣԼһ١
ҪĻԼѧͬѧǰȫ˰
ˣʵڵҲоһ޹ˡ
ҿСӻûüǳʲô飬ҪǳʲôĻʱô㣿  һŭĻʱԼھǶûа취ˡ
ˣ
ǰ͸һ˺Ц硣
СĿһģ磬ĴˣҪָ֪
ˣǺǣ˵ɰǲǽҲڣҪָж˿鰡Цһ
ôܣָ֪磬ǽһҲܰ˵̬˶оһ亹
ȣһ֮ǰקĸһ׵ĸоһವĸо
ˣʲôӸ˾ԱĶӣ׵ĸǰ͸һ˵ʲôͷ
аģû뵽龹Ȼᷢչһز
ǣҡ
ȵĶͷð亹Ȼ֪ڵ׷ʲô飬һԿ϶Ҫùˡ
λǱصͶ̣ôԴǵͶߵģҸȣʲôΪ
ǣǡȴģʲôˣ
Ҳп˵ɫѾɷף½ڽˡ
Ҫ֪֮ǰ׿ǱԼԩģ˼ǿƻع飬ǽֻܹˡ
Ȼײһ֮ǰ˵뷨Щˡ
СĿʵ⡭ô£
ġ
׾ͿʼСֱȻԼ˵ɫһֱǳѿ
һԵĺο׳ʵʲô㷢ôĻ𰡣
׿һԵܺͷЦһߣ壬Ҫ֮ǰ˵ˡ
ôͬѧ棬׿ʼԼ֮ǰαܵȺľ
ţֱŰ
֮һŭ
û뵽ǬȻ·ѩ֮ԩֱ˷ָ  ܣⲻνĶ𣿡Ȼ̫ʶһЩ쵼ļʶ
֮ǰνһЩ쵼ȥμӿϾǴѧлʦ硣
μҵĶӺгϢû뵽ǴѧȻǴȥġ
Ҳˣû뵽Ϊ˵õܾȻҪȺԼͬѧ
ֱǺŰ  ûûиɹ飬ԩңԩң
ѾǴʧɫҪ֪ԼţͬѧˣߵѵʱѾûκεİ취ˡ
Ѿǳ˹ȵףҲܳϵġ
׿˿ЦһǲײĲᰡֳӦöָưɣ

ŭһʱôܳء
Ȱȣû뵽㾹ȻˣΪҸɲ㾹Ȼ֪һȰ
ǣ֮λ޴ǣΪ㣬ҪôԩҵĻȥʡȥ
Ҳﻢ£ʱԲܳġ
һˣľͻᱻĳˣ
ߣʡȥ棿ھ͸ңûôһ£ǾԵ׵ġ
ײһ˵ˣһ֪ˡ
û뵽ôһҽ߳ĺˣȻ㱻ĸкˡ
ĻǱ˸ɽˡ
ҪĻԼ׵Ĳ¾ûа취ˣ뵽ߣεһ֮𣡣
˭㣿ҵһëǮϵҸеֱҪԩң
ҲһŭĿźΣ˭Ҫ˭ôҲǱԼһĶֵء
˻ǽأοأ
˭ǺǣǺΣҵҪеֱģ
οȣ͸һϣǳӸλγɵһѹȡ




196´ñ
 

Σû
һʱ뵽ǻأӦҲһͶ̶ѡ
ʱôĵĵʲô˼  Ȼ˵ƺͷСôҲ˵ͷж󣡣
˵ˣڲ˭ѾǵΣͷҲ˲ˡ
Цһ㶼ʶֳĻ湻İ
ǣǡ
ȵı龭˺üεıãƺЩ̱
Σǣ  һӾⲻѧϰǵļ뵽֮ǰƺӡǣ˶ˡ
һССľֳǿѾˡ
һĿƣԼô˵İ
һʼΪǸӣû뵽˼ҵͷȻôĴ󣬺Ƕܹһ
ο֪Լݣϣʵʵ˵ҪȻ֪ġ
ʱԲܳϵģźǽŵ˵ǣû飬ûУҿԷģ
׿ȣֿ˿ܵˣЦŵָơ
һֱڵϣߵǰ棬˵Ŀⶼ׵ϡ
˶оЩ֣Ƿ飬ܹϣ  ˶ãֻҪɵӣԲܳϵģ
ߵ˷ĸǰҲЩţʵ̫ˡ
֪ǰ˵˭ѾչһɿƵľˡ
濴Щŵܣܣ£ӰбҪ޻Ǿûţ
ܺݺݵĵͷʵѾһıԵˡ
727磬ǲ˰Ҵ˱ط־֣
ߵ˷ĸǰ۾ŷбһ⡣
ףĿоһĴͣ  ܿ죬ָôܸ簲ŵһõģ򼸸ѧУĹǼôõ

һľ̾û뵽Ȼôûӣ֪Ҳ˵
Ȼôţĵʲôطģ  ЦһǣΪ˴۸ҵ־ԸǾȻĵҪɱң
мĿһ׵ʱģСʵ̫ʶˡԹԵĽܸ޸־Ը飬ʱȥͬ۴ѧѧܸȥǴѧѧǴల£㡭
˵˵ʲô
Щһţû뵽ڹؼʱ̾Ȼ˵ĵӡ
ԭԲܰ˵ģϾǣֲһˡ
û뵽յĽȻӵģǲǱɵˣ
ܸ磬һﶼ۸ˣ㿴ҵֽŶˣҪһûɱһһҪɱ˾ˣڰһΣڰһΡ
ϾԷ֮ɫַ˸оһ쬣
˸֪ǣ군ˣ  ֮군Ŀ¾ܵϵֵһδѪˡ
εɫѾѿ˼㣬һҪһ
ģһһģҲû뵽ҵ£Ȼ飡
ЩҴεŭ޷ܡ
οдһɱ֮һҪϴذ漰쵼ɲҪһ鵽ףǰQе˶һһ飬Ҳϧ
Ǻܷŭ˭˷ָ
һʮصѧӣڿϹһƴѧ֮󣬾Ȼʹĵ顣
ҪĻʲôĽ֪
ң⣬ȴ֪  һβΪйأһİ˵鱻ˣҲǻôġ
һ̱˵ϣܸ˫һĿǰ
ӲסĲţֶδʧȥϣ˷ʮһ㡣
濴ܣܣ㡭ġ
ܴڴڵĴŴһɾ֮ӿͷȻ䣬Ǳŭʨһ㣬ף
ҽֱ̧һžͽܸ߷ɳȥ  ԵļͷѵŶоһľģ  ȡкһղһżǲҲǲзˡ
˭ֻһأ
˵ͬѧףղŵֲмѾȫĿˣȡ֮һĽı顣
˼ףǱ˺ӣ˼Ȼķǳ
˸оһıʱȴڳһۣȻ̸ˣ˵׸ûʲô̫Ĺϵ
ԼĪʮ֮󣬴ſһν˶ʮ죬ܿ㽫ܡȵ˸ץ
ȴǵĽǷɵƲã  ׿ܵ˱ץߵӰһӸоЩȻʡ
ñ  Щѹͷǹŭɢ




197±׵
 

лл壬ллλ
һ棬׳˹֣ܹԲĽʵҲЩ˵İ
ҪȻĴɱ䣬Լòģ
ڵȴܵ˵Ľ޾ĵȴĥϣһֱӱд̣ϣһͽ̡
֮Уܡûɵʱ⣡  Цŵʲôлģ෴ģҵҪǸûã
ʱһƣЩΡΡ˵ָ磬ǶԲҡ
ǣ֪߲֣˵ˣǲҲûзʲôì𣿡׵Ҳν
ȻһһģʵϿԿóҲЩڿı
ο˿˵ԺҪ͵һЩҪΪµһ
̵壬˵ļǣԷһ
˵ֱ꣬ӰһƸˣҲЦ
׿Ȼ̫Ĺȴһ·ˡ
˱߳Աλ㱨׺ͻ˼ͶʵҲЦŵ֮ǰ˵ױƷЧܺŶ
壬зȨ˼һ̵
ղ׵ûв廰ҪΪߣҲûʲôԷӵĵط
˵⻯ױƷ飬Ȥˡ
ο˿˼Цŵ˼һҲͷˡϸ˵СĲһҿҲǶ˰
˵ЦˡЩǫ˵
˼ЦЦ壬˵ˡ֮ǰױƷЧ൱ĺð
Ŷǿܻˣζھ÷չҲǺܹġ
׺ͻ˼ܹĳһЩõĶĻôڴQеصľãҲźܴİġ
Ǹ׵ͶʵױƷǺ˽⣬һĿ
ܲ׬Ǯ⵹ûκεİգ
Ͷʾܹҵһ֪
ΪصĿɲֵʮڵĻױƷӿصǻŷ㳡Ľ
Ҫ֪ŷ㳡ڱֵĴ൱õġ
˼˿ص˵ٺ٣ô˵ɣҹԺĸλ϶ҲⲻûǮǵĲƷ
УҾͲ򣡣
һϲһ㶼ǿЦ˵ġ
˼˿㲻򣿵ʱźҰ˿ɲʲôĴ
ο˰죬ҲЦŵ˵˵ɩ֮ʲôЧ
οеɩӾǻ˼ĸףΪȺҪԺһ㺰ķ˾ɩӡ
˼ͷױƷһΪ嵵ÿһһЧҲǲһȻ˼۸ǲһ
磬ʵЧòã㳶۸ʲôǼ۸ٹܹﰡѲŪƷ ܹʫ󲻳ɣ
һаþٹҲǸ
ο⻯ױƷǸƷǼ۸ٹҲ󲻵ȥ
˼һǺǣǿҹġ
ף  ˼ôףҲǸоһ޹⡣
һҲ̫Լ˰һױƷԼˣ
˵磬۴ţ֮ǰܴܲݸ尡𣿿ЦذɣȻ۲ʲô󸻴֮ңһױƷ˵һľͲˣ
Щᣬ񿴵˼̼һҲˡ
׿˿ЦŵҪҪĻҸͣ
磬డ˼ָ磬ôĴһЦĿ˿˼
˼Ĵָָ͸ĻһǾִָ
˵磬ôҲȫĸ̳ΪһĻױƷ͸īɣ
Щ㲻ˣ⻪˼ʲô˼
ЩʱԼһʲôҲֵʮʮ
һױƷ  һ󷽵ʱˣСҲǲذ
ЦŵСӶ죬ҵĻǰɣ
˼ͷ廹ǶԲסˣСһ廰Ҿһ£֮󣬸оһӻصʮ갡
ɶ⣿ʮꣿ
һҲһصʮ꣬ʲô
Ҫ֪˼ҲǼģȻȥᣬҪ˵صʮ꣬Ǿǲܵġ
ҲЩĿ˿˼ļٵİ
壬ƭ˭ҲƭİģһȥҼҵʱͻῴˡһ㶼ƭˣ˵ˣָŪĶܲˣ˼Ȼ˵
ڿνߣ֮ǰʮ˰ٷ֮ʮĹɷúܿ
оԼѾ׬ˣԼδĲƸпܳԼĸ׻档
ʲô
ҲȤ˵ţ˼ʮˣĸҲʮϰɣ
˸ױƷܹʮˣ  ôڳļ˶Щ췽ҹ̷ĸо




198¾˺ǵĲƷ
 

ڣյʱͦгģ  ֻ˵עѾǱ˼׵ĻױƷˡ
Ϊ⻯ױƷȻǸĶҲα겻αĶ
ܶνĹʴƵĻױƷЧҲͨĻױƷ΢ĺôһЩЩѡ
Ҫ˵ʲôϻֻͯഺʲôģǻǾԲܵġ
˼˵ô˵ʵţǺεҲ̫š
Ǻۼ֤׵ģԻ˼˵ⶫƳʱʵ˼֡
һԵС־ôףҲƵĺܣָզţˣ
ôٵĺʶһôǮĻ˼
ȻôǮͶʻױƷС̫ʺš
һϰߣǾǲʵϲȥʵġ
˵磬ⴵţҲ̫˰ɣʮꣿȻ֪ĸᣬʮҲ̫˰ɣ
һ㶼Ż˼˵ĻΪѾǲⷶΧ֮ˡ
һԵҲЩ̾˵ٶĪǻʣ
ӦҲǼİɣԭȥʮ°ɣ˼źЦʵ
ҵǳϣȻɩӳһЩվϻµĺۼЦŵ
˼˿˵ˣ˵ƾƬһ֮ǰĵģһָĻױƷ֮ĵġǿ֪ˣûκPSĺۼ
ҿ
ԭͲţû˼Ϊ״ѣʹ棬Ҳ̫ţɣ
⡭ļٵİ
ʵҲǼ˼ĸ׵ģһƬϺ֮ǰĻ˼ĸûʲôȥҲͦġ
ȻŹϵƤ滹Ǳ¶䡣
ڿһţͬһһʲôʮ갡  ˵ʮҲΪ˰ɣ
ҿ
ҲȤ𾪵ı飬ҲЩˡ
ѻ˼ֻݸ˺Σֻһⲻ֪һһ
ЩĿŻ˼⡭裿
壬㲻ᶼʶ˰ɣ˼Цʵ
ЩЦҡҡͷôܲʶأֻҲ̫һɣҷ·һʱմԽĸо
ɶ˼˼Щʵ
ڵ谡ֱǶʮǰ裬ֻǸʱûô·ѡʮǰһģ棬̫ˡ
һǸо̫ˣƳĻױƷôأ  οںοⲻ棬ֱ񼣰
ױƷSʡкüҴҵжֹһˡ
Ȼܶҵǿ˸ֺڣԼ֪ǲܵġ
ʵǰٻ˼Լǲᴵİɣ  ûôõЧҲûбҪԼĸǰţȥΪⶫܿᴵƵġ
ڼƷƳģŶ˲ٰ  ٺ٣Ұֿ񶼲һˣƳһϿϿˮ
˼Ϊ˵·ⶫƳһ㡣
ʿˮŻ˼ɶ磬ⶫôЧǿЦİɣ
˼һӵҿⶫͯۡҸ˵ڽһ϶ˣ
ļٵİڲҵİɣʵѾЩˣЩ̫棬ЩΥѧһ㡣
˼мĿ˿ڲ㣿ҪѲһÿǮɣҸ㣬ڽʸ߶ֲһڵ
˸ɶ⣿ڣ
˼𾪵ĿŻ˼ѾϱQ
ڰ  ʵЩ̫˰ɣ
ֱˣͷһ룬ôЧЩŮ˶Ҫˣ
һʸ߶ֲܹڣ
߶ֲʵҲ֪ģĻԱȻڶ࣬ٶҲǧѸѡ
һȫҲڵ۳ɣ
Ż˼ⶫЧҾǿ϶ġ˵ڣҾʵ̫˰ڣʲô
ǰ˼ҲЩ̫š
ҲǱԼĹ۵㣬ʲôԼȻĺܵġ
ôһССľֲܹڵĻȫȫȥٰ
⻯ױƷƷһصĻѭʵǷǳµġ
˼һۣһЦ͵۸ǮںܷסԼഺɲںʲôǮƣ
Ǯ
һ׵ˣȻǶԻ˼һ˵ǸоЩš




199һ𺳵
 

˵һʯ1800
˼Це˵ⱦʯļ۸񲻹һͷѣȻˣҲױƷе
ļ۸ҪǸǵĻ¾°ͶҪˡ
1800Ҳ󰡣ղžȻ˵𣿡
˿˼ղһﾹȻ˵ԼѲ1800Ǯò
Ѿ˼Ҳ̫˰ɣȻСеǮһ˶ܹõó1800ǮԼò
׿˿Цŵ˼˼ˣ˵Ŀɲһ˵Ӧǵһɣ
𣿣İǮ
ЦҲǹܴģһŻ˼ţ
۸ЩƫߣǺǣ׹˸ӣ۸Ĳһܹܵġ
ο˿ЦŵȻм۵ģֻҪЧ϶˻ġͲҪ̽ǵĺˣ˵ʵҷǳĺ棡
˵Цˣĵ𵥸ļ۸1800򣡣
˵ǷǳɣһԵǰŶǻһ£Ǽ˷˵ĺҲ𾪵ɫЩˡ
1800򣿣
ĿɿڴĿףƺǲ̫֡
׿˿ЦŵһʼԼҲЩߣгķӦǱȽϵҵġ
˼Цŵǰڽʸ߶ֲǱߣ˵ڣҿʮڵĶûκεⰡֻڻûֻڲԤһЧˡ
ιһЦлߣڱû˵˰ɣ
廹Ŀ氡һҲæǰǾ͸һҿ˵һǧ˰򣬾һǶԥĳֵġ
˼м֣ھϣͨԼŬʵһЩɾ͡
ܻԼ׵Ӱ֮£оһĲˬ
ЦŵĿǰƷˣӦҲڶڽɣҪĲЩǹһ飡
ǰһõĲƷҪкõĹͷɲʲô㲻г׷ľЧӦⶫ㹻ˣô൱ǿģ
εҲǼʶǷҲЦ˵
׵ͷҪҸ˴ǵĲƷ
ʶˣͷİɣ˼˵
׿˿˼Цŵ˲һҪǣֻҪʺǵĲƷͿˡ
Ѿѡˣ˼ʵ
ҡҡͷҲûʲôѡҪȻȽʶʶɺã
˼һָⶫôҪͬаǹ˾ĴɶҾһ򹤵ġ
磬ôõĶܴܲһװһɰǰٺһЦ
ҿǴɶҪЦ˵
׿˿ɷݿǺֵǮģ
ôõĿȵ׬ǮָҪȻʹҷƣ˵
׿˿㷢ƵҲǲԣĹɷݿܲܶ࣬ٷ֮ѾǼˣ
ȥô㰡΢΢Щʧ
һԵĻ˼˿Ƶ˵զٷ֮ĹɷݶǮأ
ҲǰٺһЦʵָ磬ٷ֮ĹɷݶǮ
֮ǰ˼ٷ֮ʮǶʮڣĿǰڶٵˡ
ҲǴţٷ֮ʮĹɷݣǶǴ׬һˡ
ȥ˼ٷ֮ҪʮڣȥҲôǮһĿƵ˵
˵Ƕʮڣûа취õó
˼˿ٺһЦۿɾûʲô취ˣ
ʼǻ˰ɣǮϷҾͲŲˡ
ȻоЩźСӵԸ൱ĹһҲա
ҲЦŵԺҶֵܣȱǮ֨ˡ
ָ仰ҾͷˡٺһЦ
Ҫ׬Ǯûа취׿˿΢΢һЦ
ƺһжƿ֮У֮ǰƺѾ·ˣô׬ǮĻأ
֮ǰһֱûʲôҲУ쵥λƢֲоЩһ޳ɡ
ڿôõĿȻҪһˣȻǮʵ̫̫ˣò
Ҫ˵ûźǾǲܵģ  ָ磬ô˼˿Цʵ
׳ױƷȻˣȻҪģܹ¾ǵĴȨŲ˵ҲӦ֪˰ɣ
ָ˼ǡһĿʵȻ׵˼
˼ͷԵӣЩƵ˵Сײˣָ綼ˣԺСӾ͵Ǯɣллָ磿
һûзӦܿɵɵһЦллָ磬ллָ磡
Ǹһ֮Ȼ׬û׶࣬ǳΪһѾָտɴˡ
ⲻ͵ҪԼ׵ĹϵȫǿԼƴģ߳ȥҲӲ




200º˵˰
 

Ȩ
һ㻪˼Լû뵽һԵĺЦŵϵжٵ漣ҿǼʶ
ѾǱͨ죬һѪڰ
ҪԳݵĻԼҲƤҪȨˡ
ʮڵĸ붼ûġ
˵һʼԼķڻŷ㳡ĻôעѾǳ׵ı׵Ķסˡ
һǧ˰һƿĻױƷɸ˰ǵǶٰ
Ӷˡ
׿źЦŵҲΪһЩװɣ
˼һЦֹǹװô˵ɣ⻯ױƷ˰ĿǰҵĹ涨ֵ˰17%˰ٷ֮30%ʲôͲ˵˰ɣ
ôߵ˰հȻ˽⣬ҲҲܷ涼˽⵽ġ
һʼֻΪаٷ֮17%˰ȻһӾǰٷ֮ʮߵ˰ա
˰ռҲ൱ذ
˿εǣҿǲǿʵµһЩ˰أ
ǰҲôģSʡΪͶ߿·ҲǺ
εȷ뷨˭û˽أ  ׵ױƷҪĽĻ˰տǺŵġ
ǰڰֵȻҪΪ㹱ףĻڶչҡչҵ߷ˡ
⡭Щ̫ʰɣ
ȻֱҲɵӣǶˣ黹лصġ
˼Цŵҷָģָ˵ʲôǾʲô
˼˵ⶫĳƷǳĵͣ˵ûʲô̫ĳɱ
ǽһ˰գʣµһҲǺŵļ۸ˡ
ʱǮˣǻŷ㳡Ҳǿ׬貧ӯֶΪأ
ҡҡͷûʲôʵģϣܹúõķչԳΪȫǵء
ҲͷȻĻǾ͹¹ɡЩ棬ļ۸֮ߣÿԤܹٵ˰հ
ҲһڴĿףزÿܹʮڵĻǱδǱ޴󰡡
һʩȫ֮󣬵ʱȫһǮĶ
ʱǿǸ˰  ׿˿ЦŵҴÿ۶ǧң
ʲô
һβǺκˣһԵĻ˼ҲЩ°Ҫĸо
ǧڣʲô
ҪǧڵĻ˰վǽһǧڰ
ʲôһǧڵ˰գǼֱǸɵй˰  ׿΢΢һЦڿܾЩ˼飬ǵȵʼ۵ʱǾͻ֪ڱӪˡ
֪öҪ̫Ĺ棬ֻҪЧãܿͻһʮʮٵġ
ʱȥұˣǱ˻ҵԼ
ֻҪˣǾԲôһЩǮġ
ǮһЩģûǮһЩģǶﵽһЧ
ֻЧквѣ׻ᱣ֤һ׼ǾֻҪǸŮ֮󣬶ﵽһЧ
ʹǱʯȻʯûкЩЧãҲٿ嵽ʮ꣬ϵҲġ
Ҳǲ˵ʵڼ˵ǧһţֻ̫˲˼˰
ε֮ɫδȥһ
ΪһʡǣȻ֪һǧڵ˰ζʲôһǧǿ̫̫ˡ
һǧнһҪϽɹ⣬ʣµļҲһ鳬ĵⰡ  һأһضѣ  һ뵽GDPһӾܹǧڣǻסˡ
ͬסĻһԵҸĴ󵰸һԼһѣε״̬֮С
ֱ̫˰  ⽫һǧڵ˰գܹزϵģҲиҡ
ĵԼҪôǮĻԺô
ڻһص֣ǲ
һ⻯ױƷˣľܱߵĵؼۺĸ棬ʱǿһ飬صĲÿ¾Ҫټٸˡ
Ӱ˵㣬·һһǮڳǱصĲ߻ʻ
һжǰ׵˸ġ
Ȼһлûʵ֣붼˸оһ˷ܰ
Цŵҿ⻯ױƷǩԼʽҪ㣬ҪһĶҲùϵЩνƻױƷ׻ҪôҪҪõġ
΢Цŵͷ˼ȥѰѰҺʵĹˣǣǩԼʽŰɣ
ιһֵãϲ
˶Ѿû˼ԷˣǱ졣
Ϊ۳Ͷ٣ټϺ˵ҲЩԲȻȥ˯ˡ
źˣҲ뿪ˡ
տȥ˼оЩĿʵһԵٺһЦͣ
ЩεĵͷǳԺְ߰ɣȻҪܾһ𸯰ܰɣС֣lets go!!




201±տ
 

ʳһ֣  ǱΪʳ֣׻иص㣬Ǿʱϲտ
Qǵơ֮磬տơǸû˵ˡ
ʮ£ǷǳĲ
⵽ʳһֵЩտ꣬Ǳ֡
˼ųʳһ֣ŽôˣҲƵ˵ȥô԰
˵磬ԸտΪѵģǰҪôƢǲȻˣžʹ֣ҲΪ˰
Щ٩ĿŻ˼Цŵ
˼һӪ㶮֪ڷһ΢ܹ׬ʮô׬ģΪҴӣ
УҲû׼Ժ㻹ϰأʱͦʶʱ
һγҲĸ˶ѣСֵһûһվһԡ
ţˣоһĸˣ
֮ǰΪڣҲûлʽĽС֣һʽСֽܸļˡ
˭СԼõֵأԼܹ˭
ȥĸտ갡СֿżЦŵ
ȥǿǵѡɣ˼Ƶ˵ҹҲǳԲˣͿǿɣҵǼһ
˼žƳҲڶˣҪȻҲôơ
Ǽ˺ȾҲ߯û˼˰ɣҪȻǸĿٺһЦ
ЦҡҡͷС¶࣬ĿʲôĿǽ켸ֵһȾƣͲҪĶˡ
Уָ磬˵ɶɶҵĽ
ڶͶأָһηƵĻᡣ
ղһ˵ÿǧڵʱǴ˼Ѫһ˷ܡ
ǧڰ  ԼҪܹһ׬һڵĻҲˡ
ʵֻҪ룬һ׬ʮڣҲɵġ
ȨʵϾ൱Ǯ  ǻ˼ֵܵĻ¾ôһôҲϡ
ȨյľȨ׵УҪ˭ȻǸ˭
˾ҪҲǾûκεĿԵģ˵ˣ˼׵˼
ǲܵ飡  СЦŵָ磬ǰһտǰԹܲҸ˵ǰһеͬѧģǰġ
ŶǱһлǳ˲Ű˼Щ٩Ŀ˵
û˵Ҳ˭ܹ㻪ٶһ򸻺ĽӰ˰
õõã͵û˵ôоָͬһأ˼Ƶ˵
һЦһ仰ûУõ߶ʧ߹ǸʧȥµǸˣ
ӣ
˼һƣСӻǲŹκһδԼĻᰡ
׿˿Сʵͬѧģʶô
ָ磬ܲʶɣʶ𣿡СҲЩ̫ȷĿʵ
׵ϲʶһҲǲ̫֪
զôϤأ˼ʵһԵٺһЦٶѾǹ˶°֮ǰڳվ㳡ǱߣָͼһеĲǽб𣿣
ԶԶԣСӼԲҶˣȻˣǾ͵Ǳ߳ԷˣҲչչ
˼ЦŵһʱҲЩΣһӶԼ
ҲǵͷʶԵ֣ȻǱҿģǾȥ£
˳űҵտ˹ȥ  տ  ˲׵֣ȴһǳ֮ǰ˵ġ
û뵽ǼҾȻտġ
ܹʳһֿô꣬ӦҲ൱Ĳġ
׵ߵ˱տЩΪӣһԵҪȻһҰɣҲ̫˰ɣ
磬ó˲ŶءСֵҲ൱Ĺɡ
ǰȥϰ壬ǰһӣĸˣ
Եһ°һӦλˣһȥԼĪʮµӳһЦ
һԵСЦŵǸǼұǰһѧУģ壡
տ̯ߵ˲ǱˣǱĸױ˲ƣһԼӵ˿ҲЦͬѧһ͹ˡԵһᣬλһУ
ûµģ壬ǵһȰɣЦŵ
Ǳ߿ˣҸǰš˲ƿбһĿѾҲǰʰ
׵˸׼µʱ򣬾Ϳӱ߳ˣһĹײһС֮󣬱




202в۵
 

ӴⲻǷɸͼѸλôпյС˰
˲һˣɫһ䣬ǰ⼸ˣֱܿһʵͽӡ
ϰ壬ֵܼŪտȵơƣûɣǸɸļһ￴űٺһЦ
˽½ɣԱߵ˽ѣڱȻƲʲôɫ
ʳһһҲһСͷӡ
޶Ե߰׳԰׺ȣһҪ￪˽Ǯ
źƵԭ򣬺ܶ˶ĸǮ
˲Ҳ Ȼһܵ湤߻ʵԶģ˭ܹܵõ˭  ½ɵԱߣǸѵָоͦ˹ģɿǳȴЩ׺
ŤŤԼĲӣһȻվ˿׵˵Ǽٵһȣλȿˣ
Ҫһˣôȥˣ
˭ûԸƦåȥأ׵һ  ״ӦһԵƢҲܴӦġ
˲ƿ˿׵ȼˣ⵲׵˵ǰȻɸ硢Ѹ磬ԣԣ
ϰʶʱ񰡣µķǮҪ˰ɣ½ɵֱ̣ȥһͷˡ
˲̵ɸ磬Ѿ׼ˣͷİɣ
˵꣬ӶͳһǮݸ½ɡ
½һµ˵ϰ壬Ǹˮ˵һ°ǧǧǮʹҴˣ
ɸ磬Ҳ֪ǹÿ춼飬Ǻܶʱ涼ð̯ˣֱ½
˲һǻĿɸƵ˵
˼ˣҪҸ㲹ˣ㵱ƵĲɣ½ɵ۾ű˲
һԵǰɸˣû˵˵ֵܣġ
ֵܣ˭ֵܣ½һվƶȻŵԱߵļѾˡ
һЩ΢һЩˣǵһԿ֡
տԶҪһЩһ֪˺ܶܶࡣ
ļտ꿴űտ߳ˣ˿ʼֻ
ЩʱҲһֱ  ǶǱ۸ˣЩȴһֿ۸ǿ˭ȵù
ڣǰͲ½ɺѵ˰ѱտ˲źء
ǵʱ򱫶տˣǵⲻͺ  Ͼߵ˶ͦϲտģտˣֲ˵˲տ˲  ʧȥôһǿľ֣˵ҲǺ°
Ǻǣָҷ֣ôһЩ۵ĶǴǵ°ҲǴֵĿ½ɵļһ˵
ҲǷ˰Ȼǲۣ͸ǿ£Цŵ
һԵĻ˼ҲЦֵû˰
Բۣ˵һ飡
½ڵһվļСҲѾΧʱ׼ˡ
˲һ̵ɸ磬ɸ磬ǧǮҳҳ㲻Ҫ߶֣˿ɶ˰
˲ƣҪĻھͱˣѺݺݵĵһ۱˲ƣһҲ̫ʶʱˡ
Ǳ˲Ƶ
⼸ڴ֮ͥ£ȻԷɸԼ˵ţԺǻҪҪʳһϻˣ  첻⼸۵С˶ӸһٵĻǾûˣ  ˲һֱڸ׵ʹɫ׵ȴûκεķӦ
ʱ򣬱˲Ը⿴һĻˣĶӴԼ׼ϱ˾Ȼˣ  ֮ǰŲ񾲡˳ȥһȦȻ󣬿ҲһЩĵطġ
ϾǸСطĵطֲǺ֮ܶ࣬ǰȥQ졣
ڱһ죬Ҳǻˣ
˲֮ǰҲ֪ԼĶϻһŪտԳԡ
û뵽ԼӾȻʱԼ̫˽ˡ
ƽʱЦеӣСȴ½ˡ
һλ֮ƺ˽棬½ɵƺӵĲˡ
˲ƾͺԼĶһ嶯͸˸ˣο½ɵ˷ͻ˻ǵͬѧ  һҪǳͻʱʧĿԼҵĵ갡  ס
յԼſڵʱЩŵĿǰļˣף
û뵽ȻԼҵտ̯ϼף⻹ɺˡ
һףǿǼĺܣ
Ҫ׵ĻⱲҲ𺳵ĳ棬⼸Ͳ񾲻˼ⶼ̸׵ˡ
û뵽̸ûж೤ʱ䣬Ȼּף
ȻǼ֣ȻһԵ½ɵ˶ûп
׿˿ҲЦû뵽طǼҿİ֮ǰС˵ʱһء
ףǼҿģҲҴ绰أ԰
һֵ
˿Ƶ˵ٷҲԲ⼸ǵλ
ǣһ⼸˾Щһ˼ֱǳ˲¹ͷˡ
Сϰ壬ƢСȻǺͱ˵ĿѾתƵһԵĴŮĸǰ
ЩȴŮʱǹѾǵһˣ  û뵽ǣȴǵĿ²ֹЩ




203µùߵ
 

½ɺ첻µزµˡ
ټԭһɳĳͣǸ޼ɵ
۸զΣ  ൽʱھһӣʱһ鷳
˲ԭҲǷģҪ֪ΪΪʳһ˭ԸԼǮأ
˲ȻҲϣԼһǮ½ɺŪߡ
һʼǹҵʱûб
ǵɳ֮ǵ̬̱ˣһ֮Ҳùˡ
ôΣ˲Ҳûа취ҲֻܹЭˡ
ΪǮĻôտ̯ǾûϷˡ
ҿɾָտ̯ӴأԼӣ˲ƾÿ˭ҲܹԼĶӲǣ
Ȼȥ
˲һԼĶӸЩƦåˣҲЩľսĸо
˵˲ƣӳȥ˴ѧ˰ǲҪ۸۸ЩûĻ˰
½˵һ˿˿ΪĬ
˲ƸϽɸ磬ɸ磬Ҷ᲻£ͲҪһʶˡǮҳ˻𣿡
һԵһǣű˲ƣһָֻű˲Ƶ϶ǿӲˬҪôӸǵǸҪôǾʹ趼ʶô
ŭһͳΪ
ݣǸҪ缸Сôšͣɽǣ֪֪۷ɸĵ̣
Լ£¶һ˵⿴ȥͺǵƦåı䡣
ǲô£վһȺţء
⼸һֱ׵˵飬ԽԽʵ̫ţˡ
Ⱬ£һԵı˲Ǻµˡ
Ҫ֪һԼĶӿǰδ׼ϱ˰Ҫǳʲô飬СֵŤĻǿ˰
˲һͳˣԼĶӾӦҸޡ
ԼĶ˶жˣ  ɸ硢Ѹ磬λ͡
˲ƸҪǰ׼ԼĶ飬ʱͿһȭͷѾǳŷϮ
һԼĸ׾ҪѾһͷŭʨһ㣬׼ƴˡ
Լĸױ⻻˭Ҳܵ˰  أ  һԭ˽Ϊһα˲ƿ϶Ǳ˸ˡ
ⳡûг˵ĸǰȡ֮׵ȭͷѵȭͷѾǶ  ໣ҵ֡
ѿȥԲģһһˣǰ׿ȥЩ硣
ڱ˵У׻ǵĶ֡
˸ղŶûп׵ô͵˱˲ƵߣôѶԱ˲ƵͻȻϮأ
ʵЩ̫ˣʵҲΪ˵ע˱˲Ƶϡ
˭ע⵽ĵط  ڼױʵǷԳľһ㶼֡

ɫһ䣬ԭ൱Ŀĵģñ֮ƺҲһ˿еѹ֡
û뵽һﾹȻԼǰ£ŭ׵Ļʱ³Բ˶ߵľˡ
ȻЩ˾ǲа
½һѵѾǺһƬǰ֮󣬾Ȼֻƺܹˡ
զˣ½üͷһšʵ
ѿ½һ󺿽еɸ磬ҡҵָоˣ
ʲôֶˣ
½ҲŵõһƽʱһоǶҵĵλ
ԭΪѵ󣬶ҲһĴ󣡣  Ѱ˸Ķ֣û뵽ѾȻ˶ȭʱֶˣ
ţ  ʵ̫ˣ½ɻûзӦ׷ʲô飡  ǿǹ۸˵İôںǱ˸۸أ
˲ƿߵʱѾЩҰ֮ɫˣҪ֪ǹƤҩһ㡣
ǵĻʱҪ˦¶˦ģһ׵ĺܡ
ȻԼҶѣȻһĻѸˡ
⻹ԺǼⱫտ¾Ͳðˣ
Բۣɸ磬СӾȻҴѸ磬ȥŪһ
½ɵԱߣԾԾԣɾûһ˸ǰ
ǿѸ綼һȭ֣ȥ  콲ʲôӣ  ˣϵҲԲܹˣԭ򣡣  ½ɳվߵ׵ĸǰ˿׵Сӣ̯ˣ
һԵ½ɹһЦɵƴģϽӽøӹԶԶء
ģ
½ҲЩɻ˿ȥѲˣ  ׼ĳӣ  ½ɾЩ̫ܣϾû֪ǽձѰɣ
̵ȣ
½ɣҲһŭˣһЩɮˡ
ǺŴٶˣ  Ŵٿǵģ׼ݣһӾͽԭվǰ½ɸߵڵأ
סˣ  ⵽զ°ͷĻզôһأ




204ǻ˼
 

ɸɸ硭
˿½ֱӻһĻߴǵĸǰ˹ȥҲŵøϽ㿪ˡ
ڿ½ɣֱӱϣһٶֱӽƳɵӸҵϡá
Ūǣ
½Щ̱ſ˵ϣҲûš
˵ԼĵϣȻԼˣôܹʵأ  ûվ˻ˣֻܹԼļСˡ
Ȼ鲢ûгķȥչߵļ죬ԥԥûǰ
Լϴ󶼱˸ˣЩƽʱթթУҪģǻһЩ˰  磬̫̫ˡ
һСҲûа취ֻܹˡ
Щʵ̫ˣǸҲ׵ǰڱû֮䣬Ǻԥѡ˲Ҫӡ
죬ܶʱΪͼݶѣҪȥƴĻҲҡ
һЩݽɫʱǸŵĲǰ
׵˿⼸ˣҲ˵һ֮ڣҪǲǾͲǹˣ
в  ׵вȴΪվŵĻĸ֪˭ߺһ
ܿ죬ǱһѷĴ½ɺ뿪ˣ  ˲ƿǰľϲûгĸˣȡ֮ȴһĽꡣ
ԼӵѵҲ̫˰  ½ɺʲôˣ˲֪˲ƻ֪
Ǽ
˲̾һˣϵǸ
ԼϵЦЦ֣Ͻʰһ£ָǹտˣչʾյʱ˰
Сӣղ㲻Ҫô嶯ºˣ½ɺѵˣԺкùӳˣ
˲ʱﻹʲô˼ŪЩ  ھϣԼĶӺѸϽ߲źأǵű˸ô  ׿˿˲ƣЦŵ壬ûµģͷİɡط־ֵҲʶҪµĻǵùĿ϶ǣ
Ŷʶ־ֵˣ
˲Ƶ͸һɾϲҪʶ־ֵˣǿɾͲһˡ
ôҲҪ־ֵӣҪǲ־ֵ˵ӵĻùĻǡ
һЦָͷɴأ֣ͷİɣ
˼Цŵ壬ͷſĵöǳ԰ɣ齻Ǿˣ
֣
˲ߣһŵҲǽķ
ʵ˵ˣĵ½ɺѵˣӻùǣ  һЩеĻ֮ϣ׵ܹһˡ
ҪȻ˼ˣ½ɺҪǹĻԼҲ֪Ӧôˣ
ܿ죬˾Ÿ˾Χһ  Ż˼ſֵλֵܣտͲô˰ɣ
һԵһֵҪСӰѿָ˵Ļֻнȥ!
ȥԣΪɶ治Ҫ̫ԵտŪơƣQ
һֵտ֣Ҳʵ̫װ˰
Ϊ˼϶տζȾԼ⻹Щˡ
ԱߣЦŵǰտ֣һǵһμ
һ˵꣬ҲЦһһЦЩ
һŮ
һڳ˿¶ǳϵģȴ˿ЦݣҲЩԡ
˼̾һҾϰߣǳԾˣ
Цŵҿǽ԰ɣҪȻҿٶҪޱ˰
ȥȥȥһ浰ȥ
˼СӣҪСһ٣򲻹Сӡ
ʼУȻҪǾ͵ɣ
ֿʼλ浽浹Ҳûмӵ顣
˰֮У
˶˿Ż˼ſذ֪ĻΪǸأԺҲð
ȥɣЦЦ
˼ʱѿָժ¶Լݡ
⡭⡭ⲻǡǸ˭𣿡
һ˼ѿָժ˶סˡ
סһԵļҲڵ⻪˼Ȼʲôǡ
ɵ˿ʱ򣬾ԱȴǻҪ𾪰
Ϊݿǻŷŵٶֲ֮ǰ˺ٶٶģʱǲ׹
˼
Ҳ𾪵Ŀ˿˼ŹϹƺŵļһŮĿп൱ġ
ȥǰɣ㡭ǻ˼ļٵİ
һγ׵ľˣ⻪˼ЩƽͷϰտǼֱǴһ
˵ǸһԳԷˣǼһۣǶܹüˡ
˼ǷӦҲεʼҾ˵ɣֲժ㿴һժ
һЩֻ˵ҪľЧ




205ö죿
 

ǻ˼
һҲЩԾʵȻû뵽ǰ˾Ȼôţ
Ȼ֮ǰҲ˺ţţûоôţ  ˼ʲô
׻ƣû˲ʶҵĸˣǿǳ  ˼˿ЦС㣬ּˣ
˵磬Ҳ̫ƫ˰ɣ˼ô˸˵͸С˵ǿ˼˰ɣ
һȻǺǿЦͿ
˼ҲǼȳ棬ЦŵҵǿС㣬С㲻һҰ
һԵ˼һǸѧܻܲڵ°
ЦЦָ硭ڵǶһأĻ˼ӶЩˡ
ĴָţǶţ˰ҡ⼤Ķ֪˵ɶˡ
࿴ߣһ嵽˻˼ߣóԼֻЩ˵ǡɶܸܲϸӰ
У϶ٶû⣡˼ЦЦ
һֵ֮ǰ˵ٶǿǲʳ˼̻ڿҥԲŰ
˼û˵ĸ˶˵İ
һҹ͵ˮ
Сӡ˼ҲǱһӸЦˡ
׿˿˼ҿһVCRȻVCRԼҵտǰ棡ЧӦ϶൱Ĳ
ȥָѿɲͰ˼ҲЦ
ʵ˼νֻҪģҲν
ܹĻǼǸǮҲÿһۡ
ΪٶȱһǮ  ׿ˣô˼ҪһӣʵҲ˵ġ
⡭Ŀ𣿣
ڱֻǸѧҲ֪̺̻жˡ
ҪǱ֪ٶQУȻܵʺĵطտĻԺԼտҪˡ
տҪ
ٺãҪ뻪˼˹ĻҲǲܵġ
տٺãһ׬ʮҲͶˡ
˼ţˣûи󼸰ǧҪ
ôǮĻ˼Ҳδس㿴һۣ
һԵĲҲЩĿŻ˼Ǿллٶ
񾲸Ǵޱȣֱȸлһ£⻹ǰѻ˼
Ȼ˼һӵУȳҸŪҲûж೤ʱ䲻ǣ
׿˿˼ʱȵģ˭Ĺ氡
Ǿڣ
˼ҲǹĺܣȻ˵ˣҲν
ĶģҲֻĸƵѣҲûʲôġ
ܿ죬˼վ˱տ棬˴ĴָȻҳԹԼóԵտ֮һտ
ô仰⼸仰ǿ൱Ĵ󰡣  ţˣǰⱫܱǺģԺҿҪܰ
࿴űһֵ
ٶи֮룬ɶ΢һ£оԼ˵Щ֣˵
˼ͳֻɶеģ£ʱ΢Ƶ΢棬Ҹתһ£ɱǹǽҪǿˣ
ллٶллٶ
оһڱֱԼͷϣ
ȥöôĺ찡  Ĵָ磬һǵһοôƽ׽˰
жԶԶһֱòãҪȻҶһ£
˼ķҲ൱Ϭ컹ǹ
΢΢һЦû뵽ĻٶȻôԺĹѿҪʡǮ˰
˼Цŵղϵһġ
˭׿˿˼ʵ
˸ȥǰɣָ磬⵱Сʶ˼û˵һԵѾǾ
ʶ֣ЩεĿˡ
˶ǸоЩǿһĿףֱǿŰ  ˵ָ磬Ƿˣ㶼ʶǸʲôװرǸأ
ٺһЦȥͦϲĵġ
ʼðɣҹªˣһ治ʶ
̵ףļٵİĿǽϷѧԺҵʦ㣬ŬĿ갡
˼ЦŵҲϤͦģǲҪѰ˼Ӧһ߱Ƚϵˣ
׵ͷҲϵˣʵڲеʱ˵£
˼ͷţָĵ绰ѾˣʱľӦûֱϵġ
״һOKƣȻУʱֻҪ۸ʵĻǾɣ
飡
տ̯һ죬Ƕҵ⣬ԭ˶һ
ʱѾǳ˳ȥ




206´Сģϵģ
 

տ̯ǰ
ԭѾɢȥˣһεΧ
ղűǸ½ɣһοǴŽʮ˹Ϊ׵Ǹȥ޼޵ĸо
硢ո磬꣡½һֻԼһָֻűտǰڿı˲Ƶ
˵½ɣСǳϢ˰һտͰСӸڳӣǼһﲻǺܴ𣿡
ո翴½ЦһлƸգػĻ֮һˡ
վԻһˣſȥĺܣȥԵɵ
½ɿո磬֪ղŵ׷ʲôǰ˿ȥˣֺ
Ǻǣˣ⶯֣ˣƸЦһ˵½ɰСӻʧ
½ɿŻƸգֿ˿һǸӵûа취Ҿ͸ոģǮֻҪҸ㶨⼸ˡʱĳͣ
֮䣬Ҳǽϵģ  ҪȻ˭Ϊ׳ͷأͷЩǷǳĽ档
ûǮ˭Ըеεķȥͷ  ܶ鶼ʹȻ  ǻƸ䳰ȷ½Ҳһƨҷţ˼һıԼãˣôҲװӰɣ
˵ˣóʮǮҲһʹ
ڻ˱
һЦһҪ׿Ļ¶ҪЦˡ
һﲻǱԼ㶨׵Ǹ¾
¾ȻǮĺܣȴЩѧ
춼ҪڼϰĶ࣬ϲ۸˵ĸо
ڱصĵؽϣ˭²ͨ  һ˾Ļϴһ㣬ָо¾ǳϲ
֮ǰȻ׵˸ɶһ٣ǹֿʼӲ  죬¾űԼϵΰ˳ŷ磬ղŸƸյһȾƵʱ򣬻Ƹսӵ½ɵĵ绰
¾ЩƣԼϵ椷ˣ
Լ˴һٲ˵Ȼ˸Ū˸ǧǷԼʡ൱ţݣںҲʹˡ
¾Ҫһй;м˹¿Ҳû͸Źˡ
ҪԼЩаѹȥҪȻԼҲᱻ
磬ǲ֪ʵ̫ˣղҶ֣Ǹ
½һҲһܺƵôһ˵ֱӰìܸˡ
ƸһߣҲǳʲôȻΰӣأҵҪ˵ʲôͷ
ɸ磬ɸ硭
˲ɫЩף½һӴô˹ȥбĺõģ˶
϶ⱫտڣҸ㣬ԺҪǸʳϿ꣬ҼһһΣ
½ʱҲˣƸյ˵ĳָ
ɸ磬ҡҴˡкãҰɣСġ
˲ʵûκεİ취ˣֻܹధˡ
ݣȰ϶һ٣
Ƹտǰµϼһг˱䣬ղ½ôһ̼ҲǱÿ
ҿ˭ҡ
ƷǳʢǸղ˻˼֮ ˵Եöһˡ
˼ʲôͷһҪһۻٶѡ
ԼʶٶˣƦå˼һٶУǸǸƨ
ӴǣиҸһƸսаİ
Ƹһһ³˼ˣ⼸˵оȻһ붼Ůġ
ҲЦѲ½СǱһӸŪ˵ģ
˭
ȳģ˼Сӻں֣ٶҲĺܡ
ظո硭С˭
ƸȻղôţƣҲÿ˭Ū·Ͷ֣ûôɵ
ܹڱػĺõģ˭ûе
ƸԭһˣҪУҲҪУ
Ǳ
ûƸһԵ½ɵСӾտϰĶӡ
ǣصİƸյһ˿мЦݣص˸ҸԼа壿
񾲿ȥŭһЩ˾ͻ۸ϰգҪбȥ۸İ
СƤƤӻͦﰡӴǣ滹иŮ
¾һᣬƺЩ߲·ˣǰŮƺһ˾
վַƵĴ֮ԭûлָ
һӾ˾ˣ  ᣬǿǱַƻҪֹ߳һεŮΪϷѧԺרҵᣬʾ൱Ĳ
¾׼һʱŵòû̱ڵϡ
ɷˣ




207¾
 

ʳһ֣  ˵Ŀⶼ˱տ̯ǰö˶Ǳſֵ̬ġ
֮ǰոձ˳ͻԭһﶼΪⱫտ̯϶Ǳ˵ġ
½ɺ죬ܶ˶ʶġ
½ɣһнʮʱ䣬ܶ˶ܸɸӡ
½ɺȥտ̯ʱ˶Ϊ챫˲ƿ϶Ҫùˡ
Ȼô£
ôŵһ½ɣȻ˸ˣǱĺûӵ֡
½ɺѲûи˷ͻһ£Ƕ½ɺѰ˼ŪΪֹ
ȴǡǡ෴½ɺѻˡ
ǰ˿տ߾Ȼû飬Щ˻̾Ϣôõһûˡ
Ҫ֪տһ˲٣һֱϣⱫտ̯¡
ƫƫҪµʱȴ·ɱҧ𣬱տû£½ɵ˱һ١
ҪкϷˣ˵½ɺһǱȽţĻôصĸո͸ӵĲˡ
زʶո˺٣ȻǻϵģֻҪҵǰμģǻ˸ӵġ
ƸվȽϰμˣʵڱӹɡ
ȻƸոΰӣΪ¾ǮڹٳǸǺܶ˶ӡ
¾ֺڰͨԵˣǵҲ൱ĳġ
һȥ¾ͻƸնνĺûһˡ
ƸӵͬʱǱҪ¾ӣҲôġ
ĳ¾ոձ˷ųŷŷ磬ҸţȻûгȥ
ȴһˣһЩˣ
ǾַƵĵܵף
Ҳ֪ʲôطðģţţһƢûС
¾ϵΰ˵ˣԺ󿴵ǾǴү״ү  ΰ˵仰ҲǿѨģԼСֶӳ°Ǳʲôϵ
ɾԼСֶӳ°Ƕڲƽ׵ļһһʼΪ׵˳°϶Ų˼ˡ
û뵽˽Ĺ򣬳°ȻԸ绰ˡ
°ڵ绰ͷֻ˵ɳΰϽȻóģǾˡ
°˵ҪָǸʲô
Ҫ֪ϵõĸʡȻҪһصëͷСӵǸ
ǲţˣɶ
ķ֮󣬳ΰһӻȻ˼֮ǰôſ϶˼ŵĵİ
Ǹ׵ɵӣ˼ɵӡ
һǧǷ
һʼΰĺۣ룬ܹԼסѾ൱׵ˡ
һǧ򣬾͵Ʋְɣ
ײҪǮҲҸҪ൱г⡣
ͷóӣҲҪ㱾ء
ΰ׵˴ˣ˾ջһɫǺӣ˿ŶоЩЦ
Ƹղʶףм˴˳滹ŮѾǶ
ͷúҲ൱ŮͶͱİɻƸȴԼûһŮӡ
Ժɶɵķڣ˶һˣ
Ͻߡ
˲ҲЩͿˣĶ̫УԼѾ˼ҸΧˡ
ƸպٺЦһߣҿ˭ܹߵˣҵСܻߣ
ո磬ӻСЩ£˲С˹ͷŹҶһɣ˲¶˰֮ɫ
ҷŹǣԺ˭һƸӣҸ㡭ƸյԽԽʢ
ͨ
׼˵ʱ򣬾һص  ƸջͷһⲻҪһһΪѾǹˣ  磬ľȻˣ  ˶סˣһǲǷ񾭰ʱܲܲҪôЦ  ղŴһﻹΪһαտ϶ܹˣû뵽ͷһﾹȻˣ  ʲôƸҲŵһˣȻֿ׵Ǳߡ
Ҳûгʲô쳣ôղҫľ羹Ȼôأ
¾ﻹ˵ģԼõܳ°ҵˣܹ𣿣  ԼϵѾֹһε˵ˣָǾͱҪµǸ
ĻǼҾˣ
¾Ȼѧûɵûɣ  һϵôధĸԼ˵Ѿʶˡ
ָ磬ָ磬Ҳ֪ߣԲԲھʹ̹
¾ֱӹܵ׵ĸǰסĳ׵ͷһ㣬˿Ŷоһ͹  Ƹտų¾ЩһҲ̫˰  £
¾ŻƸ
Ƹһ¾ҲЩ¾ķ˰
ƸգȰһ䣬ڹ»ü
¾ЩµĿŻƸգһûƸջ֪׳ʲô顭




208͵Ǹƨ
 

Ƹɵˣ
Ĺ۸˵ģǰ¾һﾹȻԼ£  ֱ̫ˣ  ԼһĻ죬Ȼô˵Լ¹¾ʲô˼  ҳ¾ղӸûƸЩûס
¾ıͷ·󿴵èһĺ˸оǸеʱؿһ㡣
磬㡭ʲô˼
ƸҪһ˵Ļô¹϶֮еˣûô
Ϊʲô  ΪƸǸ죬˿ӱʲôҪвֻĵλ
ȻڿȥƺûôأɻƸȴоԼЩͷԡ
¾ûпڴƸգֱ׵ĸǰסĸ׵Ǹ
ʵҲû뵽쾹Ȼһһ֮ǰѾǱԼĲᣬϵ໹δɢȥ
û뵽ֳ׼۸ˣ
һԼӣ׵ҲһЦ
ǰģɿţˣҲͱ۸һӡ
ǻЩ۸ˣһ˲ôľ¹ǣ  ܣҴˣĴˡ͵Ǹƨҷ˰ɡ
¾ӽûûƤô˵棬˵ֻһ㶼ûиоʧӡ
һԵС̬Ȼ
ǣλ˵ĶԣҪ֪ܵĻҲҰ
¾̬Ȼû˵
ֲЦˣҲǳ˭ǹģ
½˶ˣⶼʲô°ҳ¾ͻƸտİ
ھ羹Ȼ˼ֱӾ͸ˣ  һд½ɵڵһ¾ˣӶЩ׹ĸо
ҡ
½ɿףдſ־֮ɫԼû뵽һˣȻӡ
½ɣԲ꣬ϽܵǸ
¾ֱתͷһԵ½ŭһʵھ½ɵļһ
׿˿½ ˵
½ɿǰĳҲ⵽ô£
ǳ¾̬ˣԼƨ붼ܹףǰλү²Լܹİ
½˻Ƚģ֪һ϶ˣ  Ȼ¾ĹˣһСµǸզΣ
½ͨһҲ׵ĸǰȳһԵЩΧ߶һ֮
컹аˣЩͷĻ쾹Ȼһ¹ˡ
ԺⱫտ²˰  ܣҡҴˣԭңҲ֪ϰѡ½Щ״ε˵
ʵҲ֪ôǸʵ˵һγԿı
ԼСܱˣԼôĲоһʵˡ
׿˿ЦŵǵλѾһ٣۸ǡ
һߣԼЩ֪ôˣ
ƵĻἤҵķΪ׵ĴڣѾһǿƵ״̬ˡ
ֵ˵ˣ˿ЩСʵǼȻǸˣҪȻôˣ
ôˣЩĿ˿Ҳû뵽Ȼ˵Ļ
֮վ֮ˣǼռϷ磬ҲɶӰ졣
Ϊʲôܶʱ½޼ɵһԭ
ǰȥ˿½ɵȻ˵ˣҲ̫Ϊ㣡һ˵һҿһҲͦ˰ɣ
Си߰ˡ
½ЩҿףΪ֪׻ᷢʲô֪ˣżΪǿʵ
ֱϾһغϣѾǰˡ
и߰ˣղ˵һնٱţûмǴĻӦǰǧɣһʮ򣬰ǰʮ򣡣
׿˿½ɣһƣԺǻӵŰ衣
½ɵĺһ£ʮһõóôǮ
˵ǰʮһ½ΪƸոԼһسӣԼϵʮǮȥˡ
½ɿ΢΢һЦ¾ǰɣ㲻ǺǮҪȻȽ
裬裡ˣǮһ׼ʱ͵ܼң
¾̬Ѿû˵ˣھϣɷǸϽ뿪
΢΢ͷ¾ԺⱫտκĻǲˣһҵľ㣡
ģԲκ⣬Բᣡ
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ʵ׿¾ҲһǴһܹڵĳΪҵġڡ  ƸһֱȻԹţһ仰Ҳ˵
Ҳڸ˼ƽϣȻ¾ѾˣôҲڵˡ
ţ
׵׼ͷʱ򣬳¾һ




209
 

׵ų¾һת˿¾
¾һüͷ΢ӣ̶һ£ȻܣҰǸǷ
ǣ㲻˵Ҷˡ׿˿¾ɣǮֱҼȥˣ
úúãһǧһˣлܶлܣ
թȻôĿģ¾Ҳû˭ˡ
һԵĻƸԽԽЩսľĸо˳ʵĪ  һǧ򣡣  ¾Ȼôĸˣʲôʱô˵ˣ  ⻹ҪģƸ˵¾ʡǿеٵݵģû뵽ţˣȻ˾͸һ
׵һεת뿪˰ᣬһԵı˲Щɵ۵ĿǰһС
û˵Ҳ˵
¾ʶģزʶ¾˻Ƚϵ١
¾Ǹӵܣұǿ󣬺ܶ˶ǳţ
Ȼ쿴˳¾ԼҶѵ棬оԼ۶챻߸ˡ
ʵ̫˸о˼ˣ  ˲ƸоԼӳȥһ˺ʶĲһ˰  ʵϣ֪ǣ׵ȷǷǳˣΪͻȥ𳵻ĻҲô¡
ôĴɣһһԶȱŶΡ
˲ûȥԼĶ˵ľۻᣬŵһҲ
Ȼ¾ˣԺտûж˸۸ˡ
¾صʵ൱ǿģ
½ĵƦåڵС̯˰ɣ
ģûЩ˹ҵĻôǵԲܲġ
տ׬ľǮ  Ȼ׬ǮǷǳģ⵭ǳԡ
˲һ׬ʮûģȻÿҪ½ʮңôܲأ  һСĳԺɾָű˲أٿҲ˵һʲôġ
Լѵһ仰¾ȻһͻԼʮ򣡣
ʮڼԼ֮ǰĴԼӵķӳӿ϶ǲˣ뵽ߣ˲Ƶ¶һ˿Цݡ
տһڣ  ָ磬л˰
һ˷ܣǰɶǺ׵ģҲǸһָˡ
˼һ˼ָ磬ԼҲźǿ϶ûдġ
ͷôǶҸλһˡһЦŵ
׿˿ǺǣҪô˵Ļ˼һٶһˣҪȻǻһûٶһ˳
ָ磬Ҹоʵ̫ҵ뷨ˣıϰһԹЦ
˼ժ¿֣ѣҲΪε˵ǾʹɣƤҲرı
㻹Լ𰡣Ƥرıһǵһô˵
û˵Ҳûз⻪˼һῪЦ
ƵƵͷҸоһҪļ󰡣Ϊչ棬Ҿá
Ҫһָ𣿡˼һ
ЦŵøлλҪȻǼ¿¡
׵ԺûˣǾͷſİɣ
˼˿׵ָ磬ղʱĵľҷ˸ţ˵쵽У
͵ˣüͷʵ
ǸǸ
һĵʱСЩ˵ģԿԸоЩ١
˼һӣҲǺٺһЦŮкָ̣
࿴ЩߐӣЦŵǼǺϲĵġ
֪ҵЩ֣ҪȥһҵżԭҪļƱģЩ󣬳ҵĳܷΧ
Ϻĸӵԣ˱ƤӾͺܱôˣԼҲоⲻȥ
׻δ˵⻪˼ѾڵİŮ󣬱Ӧ
˵磬㲻Ҫȥŷ㳡𣿣ʵ
ԲۣҸˣ˼һԴ
׿˿˼ʵʲô᣿
˼һ˵ǰǱߵʱЩһҪҸԱⲻʹӦ쿪֪
ȥ£Լܸ㶨ʼ
˵һνǶѣ⻹ʲôĶ㲻أ  ˼ЦŵҲԣ͸ָĳһȥɣ˵ЩСƢ˾ͲҪȥˡ

һʧԭΪܹȥ˵Ļôǿ϶Ҳûġ
˼ЦŵİɣԺеǻᡣ̸ָܸ£һ뵽ŷ㳡ȥһȦӵʱҪǩա
ٶ
̲ס⻪ٶĳֲͬ찡




210صƺײ¥
 

ƺײ¥
ƺײ¥һרҵƷĲ¥Ϊ۸Ϊİߵ˷Ǹ
¥ϰݾ˵ҲȽϵأû֪Ҳ¥˭ģ  Ǿ˵ƺײ¥ڣУھǡȳҲС
ڽʱδ˵¥¥Ӧ˽˻һĸо
׺ĳƺײ¥طЩϤĻһ˻ط
νᣬʵϾһĵŪһЩΪص顣
ƺײ¥ˣΪԼȽϵأʵ׵Уνزûʲô
أܹصĹ粻ɣǲصĵط
طҰ
ҲǱưƵĸƵЩͷۻ
Цŵǲ֪ƺײ¥ȷǺƫɵǵſǾͻ֪ߺȲˣǿɶ˲õġ
ô˲÷Щʵ
Цŵ֮ǰҸŷȥΣͣûеʮĳһĳ洦ɼǧ򼶱ĳҲǾԵĳû
ƺײ¥ͷСЦЦ
ǰƺײ¥ͷǲС˵ڣУû˸طءЩĴ澴η˵
΢΢ͷԶƺײ¥Щ˼
طû˸ҶֻǶˣΪû˸ط֡
  ʵ֮ǰѾǸܵһ˿΢ڣȷڵķƺײ¥ķ
Щ˼
׵һĨȣ֮УȻУҲû뵽顣
ῴ˿׵ָ磬˵ʲô
ûʲô׵һЦĿ֮жƺײ¥һ˿˿ڴ
ҲΪ֮ǰ֪֮٣Ӵ˸֮١
ĿǰӴУʹһ嵹ͦࡣ
ῴףʼոоЩ͸ǰˡ
Уէһƽ棬ãã˺֮лǺƽһ
ɵϸĹ۲ʱͻᷢȡšĴݲȣʱ޿̵Ĳ㡣
ԽǸ׽ӴˣָоԽǿңȻ׽ദ˲Сʱʱ䣬ȴĸоһЩ仯
ܣһԺֱӸСȥҾͲȥ˰Цŵ
׿˿Ϊʲôȥ
ܣҲЦǾһļӱڣǡҲܹѵĲǣ
Ҳ˵һʵڻƺײ¥Ĳ裬εľ˵Ҫǧһ
˵Ĳֵ˰ٰʮһ
˰ٰʮ򰡣ʲô
Դ۸֮ԼЩȴˣԼϰԼ
׿˿Цŵ磬⼸ͷһֱңҪ趼벻ĻһǱЦˡ
ܣ⡭ʵͦжģ˺ܲ
ϰ忪һжϰΪεġ
õϰõϰ壬ǿرġ
Цŵѳ֮ͣԼȥ䣬ʲô㡣ʱȥ˾ˡ
һЦлܣлܣ
û뵽׾ȻôĴ󷽣ʵҲһ֮ˡ
֮ǰƺײ¥Ʒһز裬֮Ҳûᡣ
˰ѳ֮ͣ׺Ƚһڣ컪˼õİᡣ
棬һһŮ
ŮഺգеĳΪһ㣬ȥûκͻĵط
ŮĿǰ켫һʱģĵľ
һСĿĻĶǴԼġ
ǽ죬˵׸֮ӻ˼ܵ⣬ҲǼһѡ
Ȧܹͻ˼ùϵĻԺ൱Ŀˡ
ߴ˰ɣ
׺ʱһ㶣׵ûʲôһԵɾͲһˡ
۴ʻǴ˵ǲĵġ
˵Ǿ˺İװĻôǰŮǾǴȻɫ޹  λСɣ΢΢һЦ
һô˵ҲЦе˵ǻٶеܰɣ
ҽף
׿΢΢һЦ
Сľˣλ벻ҽܡ
΢΢һЦ治ýˣصȥһ£
ߣô˵ǰʶˣЩǿ׳ʵ
ΪһߵǣǶǼģ  ԭΪһλ˼صؾĴһ£û뵽ûп˼Ӱӡ
ټ֮һо˲ˬ  ʵ׶ǰŮӡҲһ㣬Ϊܶ˶۴Ůϲˣƣ




211ˣ
 

ģΪһװԽһڶ죬žͽ˺ܶĹ浥ӡ
ΪһϷĲҪҪġ
߳Ĳѭ򽥽Ļôһж˵ˣ
ΪʲôͣΪˣ  ʮͷ;ͳˣһʵϻδȫŮ˵Ǻ飡  ҲΪʲôڵĿЩֺһԭ
ΪĵľˣҲǸоһЩ졣
ˣȻ׬ǮΪĿĵģԭΪһεĵǻ˼ٶܵģԲܲġ
û뵽ǰľȻˣһԵŮȻƯĺܣʣĴʵ̫low~~  ҿڵŶ
ῴЩ̲һ仰
żɲϣԼżڱ˵ĸǰˡ
׵ĸǰȻܴ󣬿У׵Ķ֡
ƺԵĿǰΪֹûκһк³ء
Ŷû뵽λС㻹ǼĵӰ԰
ոýˣȻǸСسǣȻĲ⡣
Ҫٶһӵİɣ
ʹһɫ΢΢бһһԵᡣ
˵ԭһǾǰӾȻʸ治Լ
Ҫ֪ԼǴǰȻ㱻һøȥͬΪŮˣ͵Ůˣôʵأ  Ŷá
Ŀ˿ᣬȻתȥ
˿ĵӣٿһԵɫѾ΢΢䣬̵˼ĴHKϹʵЩۡ˳ͣ߸˹ԡ
ȻҶʱ䲻࣬ҿ̸ֱɣҲ÷ϻˡ
Цŵ֪ͻٶʲôϵ
ٶһϳԹٷ˵ҪҽܸǴԣһΪţء׿
ͻ˼Ĺϵôܸأ
˵Լͻ˼ĹϵԤǣ˿϶ǹһ㡣
Ȼڵ׶ĵŮѾǴʼˡ
ˣƣ
ивͨ
ŶһΪͻٶǺء
ıЩظһ˿϶ǶԼ
ǰ˵ԼͻٶһԹжϾпܳԹٷҲпֻһ֮Եѡ
ǺͻٶϵеĻ컪ٶ¶ˡ
׿˿̸йϸ𣿣
ɫҲЦ棬ļҲʼ֪ʲôģ
ҪڱؿһױƷרзۻױƷ׳ĿǰǵĲƷˣȱһ
Ҵһ£ңȥʲôδ֪СڻױƷɣⶫܲû֪ء
׻û˵ʱѾʼ廰ˣָʹ˿üͷ
ᣬ˿̵дʧ
ģ׷˺üΣڽһ̳׵ˡ
ǰֺӣ뵽ղԼ˵Լʵ˿ʱ˼ҸԼһµġ
˶˶飡  ĿǰĸܣôҲû뵽Щ˽¾Ȼġ
ʵᲢ֪Ȧǳĸӣ
˼ϣ  һҲ΢΢Ц˵ܣⲻǸǿЦİɣ˵ʵһǻٶĹϵҵߵģһһĲܸӣǼҲǿڻٶϣǾȻǼȥôСƷƣǲҲ̫Ǽˣ
͸ղĶŲͬڵһоøһ㡣
˿ûд֮⣬Ļܹ˵ĻҲ˵ˡ
׿˿ʲô⣿⽲ԸǼȻ̸ˡ
ˣܣҲ߶ˣǼĵĵںġǸˡôСطǡ
ԽԽĶˣƺײ¥ĶȫǺö
׿˿Цһ֪ϱ˵һܲò𣿡
ߣһи̸ʣֱЦЦһ
̸ȥˣ
׿ĺޱȵʧ˹ﾹȻһʣֱ˿Цá
ҿҲûбҪ̸ˣԺĵӣͲҪҹˣ
תվ׼
Ҳ̵סĲһǹɲǡ
һһͻٶϵϵҪûٶ֪Ļǲٶ
ܣɣĹǿԿǣ
ûʶѾǰųļƻ֮УڳǣƷҲǰٴ
ΪԼ˲ˣŴƵŮˣһ




212°뱰΢
 

ָͷ
˿ףһ棬ĿǰԼ˵ֱǱ䣡
ûĻ̸һֱ𲽼۱
Ϊʲô  ΪҪԵĶСƷƣǲƷơ
һֺ˫ӮܶʱҲһЩĶΪľܹЩһڶ졣
ԽǲĲƷҪǵĹȾԽ
ԽͶȻҲԽ࣬ʱЩǵĴԷҲԽߡ
һЩѾĲƷǵĹȻҲܸߣɺܶʱȴȲЩСƷͶ롣
гã
򣿣
׿˿ָͷЦһʵ
ܣʲô˼ǼأҲ
״һЦ˼ûƷ棬۸ҲǺϤѲ˵ˣ
һԵҲǿЦɵҲóǵġ
һˬڿǰҲ൱Ĳ˳ۡ
ǻߣ
ɫѾ˵Ǳŭ˼㡣
һصسʲôأΪľܹϻٶһŲ
û뵽⻪ٶӰҲûмȴ˸ĵˡ
˿ҲУ֪ν
˵꣬ľ뿪ˣ
ĺȥıӰЦһԵҲ¶ɰСѵû뵽ľȻˣʧ
׵ͷҲˣûбҪˡ˿ܱһ˻Ҫ
̾һǰҿϷѧԺʱ򣬾һԳڿƺҲû̫˼
ЦŵģǰУõԼˡ
һˣҪĻǱԼıġллףҼʶԵһ棡
׿Цŵһỹġ
ῴЩ˼ʵôĹĵˣôܻأ
ЦΪ֪˻˼ĵһĻǹġ
˼Ŀǰƺײ¥ͣ϶ǻ¥ĵġ
ʱһ˼ĵֻһģˡ
ûӣ
һα򿪣һλ˼һν˰֮С
ܣܣղһһû뵽ٶȻˣıҪľжġ
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׿˿ʲô᣿һ㲻ᣡ
˼ô£
Ķͷ߳һ˿亹̵ٶղźеСᣬҲ֪ѡ
֪ҵѣҿԸ㷢˶ŵġ˼
һԵɫͨ죬ó쳣Ľţ͸ղֺȫһ¡
̵ٶĲ֪ԭѡҸղš
˼˿׵ָ磬һûôɣ
ûʲô
ô赭д˵һ䲻ϲµĻվԱߵĸǽŲѡ
˻˼³Ȼǲ˵ˣҲҪǮ˰ĵġ
˼һ㲻˳ۣʱùĿ²˼һٶ
˼˿ĳģǰͦõģû뵽㾹Ȼôʶô
ٶҲ֪ǼͦģܵĲƷûУһ
̰˵ȷҲôġ
ƷûУһʲôʲô۶ӵĻǶԺķչ൱Ӱġ
˼Цһֻܹ˵һǸˡܺҹͬױƷǾסġ
ʲô˵ǿױƷ
Ǵ˼ѪһվȦҶ֪ġ
ЩעЩϢˡ
֮ǰ˼ڽʸ߶ֲǿױƷ˵һڵĳۡ
ǿױƷЧھ˵ܶ˶󹺡
Ѳɻ˼˵ױƷ
һױƷĻǲҪǮǶ׬˰  õĲƷǴҪľ
ˣ㻹ûǮ  ˼ЦһȻҪȻΪΪʲôĹһѣֻϧ˲֪ϧ




213±
 

  һ˲䣬оԼ˶һֱ״̬֮С
һԵĻ֪׷ʲô飬ٶʲôʱ򿪷ױƷˣ
ʵҲһƽʱ̫ԸĽ飬һǾ˵ϢʱҲ
̾һȻ󽫽ʸ߶ֲһ顣
ԽĵɫԽѿ
֪ԼĴһѵĻᣬԼȻһǣɾʳǻŲСĲġ
ױƷôĻôضȫġ
ҪԼΪ˵һױƷǵĻԺǽǮǼǹ
׿˿Ʒ²֮ˣҿ϶ǲõġ
ܣǴˣǼ֪ˡҲ֪ѹܴ󣬿һֱŬ
ͼĵŤתʱܹü
˼˿ʼʵҲǵģҪȻҲܰǡҲǹɶĻžԵȨԵġ˵飬ҪͬˣҲͬˣ
˼˵ҲʵʵĿǰӰǿԵģҲ֪һ￴˲˳֮ǻûϷˡ
ܣһλᣬһιǲҪǮΣ˷ǳľνĲҪǮΪľպ׬Ǯ
ҪǮⲻ̫ðɣ׿˿Щ٩˵
һԵɫÿڻ˼ߣҲûʲô˵ġ
˼˿׵ָ磬˵ôô졭
΢΢һЦԭǴģ˼ҿǣ˵УǼȻһ·ˣûбҪھˡ߲͡
ܡ
Ŀףϣܹת⡣
Цһ˵ѡѾˣͲͷλˡ
Ѿˣļٵİ
˼ҲЩʵѲѾʲô뷨ɣ  㿴ôЦʵ
ᱻһղɶҲ֪
ʲôʸ߶ֲҲ֪ʲôطϾȥҲһµʱ䡣
һ棬ǶǴһ״̬ľѵ֮С
û뵽׾Ȼ˵ҪʲôˣһŹء
᣿
˼˿ᣬֿ˿ףǱпյ˼άסˡ
ȻΪĳڣ֮Ҳй֮޲Ͼû  ׿˿˼ЦŵƤ滹ȻˣҪʸǳҵҪ󣡡
˼ٺһЦָ磬㲻ǿ˰ɣ
ȥ˵ʲôذ׵ҲǱ˼һ˸᣿ô
ңҿ²аɣҲû棬ûⷽľ飬ûκε
ȴʵûŰȻҲ֪Լ˵Ҳһ
ҪΪܹһģļ֮ڸоһĺڡ
û뵽Ϊ˵ĺѡˣһ˵ġ
׿һĵЩߣСƷơᣬһ㲻ҪˡЩʱƷȷҪУЩʱҲҪƷĳУĲ˵ƷûκεĻ
˼Цŵָ磬ǲҪᰡ
΢΢ͷҲǵˣ˵ˣǲ𣿡
˼һָˣ
ĵӶˣԼǧټƵҪӽ˼ΪĲܹԼӵĳ  ǰСѾͷȻʲôҲ˴ĻԵ
˽ˣôҲû뵽ǰڻ˼ǰķȻ˵ء
׵ļһڻ˼ĸǰ˵䣬⻪ٶƨƨߵĸȥˡ
֪һԼˣ
ԵԼоһıԼǰǱӲĸŪûˡ
һƬңһԼ͵ʴףûеõһױƷĴԣҲûеõٶ׽һ֡
ѾԤǣδŮܿͻᳬԽġ
Ȧ
»ٶЩʱǳĿ죬ܹһߵŮǣʵ˶ѡ
ǻٶµʱǽƣʱĺܿͻˡ
һнΪԼˣһѴƣ
ˣƵĴֱۣըҩһ㣬Ǹоһıѡ
߸ʲôҸԺøСĵ㣬Ųţ
˼ĺߣЩһ˵
ɫǺ죬Ҫ˵Щʲôջû˵óڣ㬵뿪ƺײ¥




214ĴԷ
 

ῴĵȥлδƽϢղŵּ
ʵǴӴɽ߳ĺӣʣɼֺá
Ϊ˸ıԼеƶ˽ϷѧԺΪһֱҪһԱ
û뵽ԼԸпʵ֣ǰˣһӲ֪˵ʲôˡ
˼ᰡԺɵúúøлһָ硣
ЦŵԭҾ뷨ģ֮ǰʲôģҲ
˵ָ磬Ҫ뷨ˣܲ͸һ£ҾͲȥˡ˼Ƶ˵
ҡҡͷҵȷûʲôںѳʲôЧǲǵȵкڵʱϡ
ᣬð˼Ҳòã˭֪ܹһڶ졣
ֻԽԽ죬ǵģҲΪˡ
һǣ֮ľǽǮλĴһһﶼ֪
ҲΪʲôղҪԭ
ɫͨ죬Щߐ˵ллָ硭
ҲһָˣһôҲϰˡ
΢΢һЦԷѾɻٶˣһﷴеǮССģ͵Ǯˡ
˼һ̵˵ָ磬𰡣ǴɶôǮֵأ
һԿһЦҲҪǮģ
͡
һ仰ûаѸոߵһڲˮ˳
˵Ҳ̫˰ɣʲôҲҪǮ  ˼һ׵ӣҲǵͷգգ۾ָ磬˼벻డ
ʲôʲô
˸ʵҲζһԼĻ⻰ȷЩŲô¡
ЦЦתƻٶ׼ٰ
ԷҲٰ֪ȻָѡˣǾ㶨ɣ˼ǲôں
ĹԵĻĴԷҲ´ˡ
ĻӦûĿǰĹɣ  ˼ѾǺˣ˵ٴҲԥľ͸˵ġ
ҿͰող˵ǸΣЦŵ
˵ǸҲ֪Ǽһﵽ˵˶ٰһǧ򣿣˼һϰ˴ǮҲ൱ľ˰
׿Ż˼СӻǮడھһǧ򣡣
ĸһǧûа
˼ȷǲ֪飬ɽ֪Ǹʲô  򣡣

˼Цŵ򰡣Уôˣ
һŸ򣿣ĿǰԼֱһʾ޿
һʼΪ˵Ϊղ˵ʱ׾˵
жоǳĶˡ
ϾֻһѧǮĻôԺѧѾͲóˡ
Ҫ֪ѧѻǼһЩǮ˲Źġ
ԭǴһεľѵ֮Ϳʼڹѧġ
̫ˣ̫ˣָղŲ˵𣿡Ͻڰ֣ŵɫЩˡ
򲻹ҳһģ˭ǲúôأЦŵ
ȥָҲ̫˰ɣ㾹Ȼ˲˹ء˼ҲЦȷЩˡ
Ҳ̫ϲеߵˣǹԣҸǮǮô򵥡̸̸̸ҸǰװβǾûбҪˣ
׵̬ôļ򵥣Һú̸۸Ҳͺˡ
˵ˣ׻ۿںһ
ֻĺһһУЩŭѡ
ôˣϵ϶ҲǴũģе˭ֻ  С㣬ҸţҰǮ㿨棡˼ЧʻǷǳߵġ
ῴŻ˼׵ӣǰڰֵĲãĹҲӦġϾǸˣܹһλѾܿˡ
ЦŵӦõõģԺǾѵŶ
ߣʵǸ߰
˼˴ĴָһﻹЩ۰ҪĻԺԷѻϾ͵ʡˡ
ʱôˮǴߣǶ˵ֻкôûл
ֻҪָҪ浽
һʵˣ˵ĻҲǷĵģ״вûп֮ϲ񣬷ǿһֲ;η
˲ǶøжˣҲֵȥˡ
ЦŵOKôˣһҪһˣٶҪûµĻܲȴȥ˳Ͱͬǩˣ
OK
˼ͬһOKƣȻ£ôȻҲˡ
ײ˼ᣬΪҪˣǲһġ




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ԭİѾǿһˣײδڶͣǶƺײ¥λһЩȤ
ƺײ¥ĵλòͻΪбȽϵĽϡĺܡ
˵˭ҪطͻƵĻǼֱǲܵ顣
ȻƺѾһˣ׾ǿĸ֪ĻҲѷˡ
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˶֪ƺײ¥еһ֪ͣƺײ¥е¶ıж졣
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Ϊ¶㿴ȥȫȫһյӣͨ˸еİ
ʦ֣ô죿ǷֵĻǡ
˿̣һ쳣Ŀռ֮Уվ¹ڳŮ
˵λһλŮӣŵɫȹһ㱡ɴȥ裬ֵòΪ֮ݡ
ʦãѲѾǷˣⲻ̫ܰɣط˰˵ȥϵǾȻܡ
˵ӣ׳˶һֺˬĺӣֽ±ɽɵĵӡ
վλŮкܰ꺭ͬɽɵһλӡ
ɾͬΪ̫ڵӣΪʲô䵽˵ĵز
Ҫ֪׽磬ߵ˵Ǻߣ  Ȼ˵׽֮ĹأɱȨԼеİɣ
±һۺܰ꺭һ˿꺭ŷ֣ʱ߶Զ߶Զɣ
ʦ֣һ˰Ҫһ£ҾҲܼ޸Ǹ˵ġ
ܰ꺭Ŵδйļᶨʵһκܰ꺭ӳġ
±ǸЩЦãɽһֱܰ꺭
ҲΪԭ򣬺±ȻҲźܰ꺭һš
Ҫ֪ɲ׽磬Υŵ־Ǻǲġ
±󿴺ͺܰ꺭Ŀ͸¶һּ꺭ͷİɣҾԲ޸Ǹ˵ġ
Ȼô˵ǵĶȴһ˿Եġ
̫ڣ糬֮һ֮ǰʲôԪʵһεġ
ںܰ꺭ͺ±һҪԵľǡ
˵ˣɽɶȥĻҲ޼¡
ɽɣ򣡣  ҲǸţŲ˵ģһץһǿ϶ġ
Щţһ缸Ϊ˱˵ĸӹ
ɽȻ̫ڵĸӹʵǸԵȡ
ʦ֣ҪȻҸ뿪߰ɣ
ܰ꺭ȻϺһ㶼£ͬҲˣʱҲһηС
±Ϊ˺ܰ꺭ĻҲôˡ
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±ԼֵˣΪһˣһӻΪҲˡ
ڵȼɭϵ磬ֱˣ
±΢΢ҡͷʦãһҿ͵ŵĲʯ͵ŵؼŲ˵󷨡뿪Ļǿɾûбˡ
ܰ꺭̾һҲ֪ΪʲôܸоҪʲô顣ղܵһѹȸУƺ˸̽ˣ
±üͷһ꺭ʦãҲĸо
ʵղҲĸֻ֪Ϊ˲ֻţû˵
û뵽ܰ꺭ȻҲ֪ˣҲ֣ɽ˵ھɽһϣ
ܰ꺭Ǹǻǻ㲻̫ʵ̫ǿ󣬼ҵҾҲ֡
̫ڵҲ̫Ҫ˰ɣΪʦãǾȻ˵Ĵ󶯸ɸꣿҪǴȥĻЦ𣿡
±ЦҡҡͷԭΪӳûˣмȥ̽ȴ̫ھ͸һ
ܰ꺭̫Ŵڣһɽɱƻģ̫ڸ־Ķӣ
˵ҪԺĻҡ
±бһ˵Ҫɱʱһֲ֪Ӻ˵ˡ
һŸ֣һȴһص㣬ǾǺɫ
Ƿǳĺɫ  ľһʵһɫ
֪ʵ̫̫ˣϾԺգܶ˻ǸҪõġ
Ǻܰ꺭ִüȨ֮ˣߣͬҲŮˡ
Ϊɽɵ飬СǱгġ
ͬԼĽм˵һӹҪˣҲϣ޸һ֮ˡ
ܰ꺭ϲʲôɽĴӢۣȼ°֮
ʦ֣ɣʵ㲢ûκεĹϵֺοࣿ
ܰ꺭УԺ±ΣҲ֪Լʦ֣ԼѾǱץ̫ˡ
˵Լʦ־ԼĶˣ




216ʵһ㰡
 

ܰ꺭ǲ֪±Լ壬ȴһֱѺ±󵱳Լ׸һ㡣
Щʱָоı䲻ˣҪŬĳȥϲ±󣬿̫ˡ
±ʵҲ֪ܰ꺭ĶԼĻ˵㴰ֽͱˡ
ȻһֱڣǳѾʱ䣬һֱǻྴأûκεͻơ
ڣܹΪԼİŮһЩ飬ֵõġ
ƺײ¥ʵҲǺ±ĹϵĶ±׽ȹһˣ׽Ĺϵ൱Ĳ
Ҳڵƺײ¥
У  ±Ȼ֪ģѾȫʱ䡣
أ  ʱһǿľѹ˹
˲䣬ѾǱƿ˴룬±ߣҲ󷨵ػߡ
˵ֻҪ˴󷨣ǵһʱܹܵõġ
Ȼû뵽󷨾Ȼǿƿˣ  Ȼˣ̫ھȸֵģȸֳ׽Щˡ
˭
±ϰԵĵ˺ܰ꺭ǰв֪ʲôʱѾǶһɽ
һԵĺܰ꺭ҲĿһᣬ˴һս״̬
ǺǣطǱж찡û뵽ƺײ¥Ȼȵط
ЦŴӺڰ˳ղҲһ˵졣
Ȼûȫô£Ѿ֪浽ôˡ
֪µкιɣ±ɫţΪǰ˵ʵ
һԵĺܰ꺭Ҳǣͺ±ʵ൱˶ڡ
˵ɽ̳̫ڣʵ֮˱ȱȽǡ
źͶŵĲطΪԴ˳ŵС
ʵԽǿǵķչǱԽΪǿƵԴࡣ
Ҳ𽥵γֻʵԽԽ
ǧʣµҲ޼һЩ߾ϵŲϵ
΢΢һЦλýţֻ·ѣ
·ߣôɵ顭ܰ꺭ţҲĶǰȥ΢Цʲô
˼ҵĵϸûŪҪ˼Ҹɵʲô  ʱԼôĶ֪  ±ʦãߣ
ߣûôװɣЩ뿪Ц˵
Һ±Ҳǳصģ־̫ܳб²Ҫ۸һŮģ
±ʱǺᵶĴ󽫾һ㵲׵ĸǰ

ЩֵĿź±ϣܹ黳ʦʵ
Щ±ΪǰŮȥ
ȥɣ
±һһɫѾǳ׵ķֱӺɱȥ  ¡¡
ڵķѾγһ޿ӣȥ֮  һ·þ˺±еǱߵʱ¶һ˿Цݡ
ܰ꺭ź±Щ˵ʦ֣Ǹ˱ɱˣ
Ӧǰɣ̫Ҳ˶Ǹ֣˿ͦɶģҹղƽҵ󷨣Ӧʹʲôģ
±ҲЩţղǸ˵ᣬʵôܻǿеƿԼأ
ȸֵĻôɱǼֱ͸һ
ܰ꺭ź±ЩֵʵǸղǸˣҸʲôʵ
±Ҳ΢΢üһҲȽϵ֣ⳬźöܶ࣬ʲôԼʵʲôģҲ֣
ܰ꺭ͷ˵ز˾û뵽ջǷǣ
˵ǲǷ˰
±ҲƵĺܣŮô࣬Ǻܰ꺭ǳƯҲôԽɣ
ʵһ㰡
ײ֪ʲôʱһεĳ˸ղǸطѾ˰С
ЩϷʵĿź±ͺܰ꺭¶һ˿ζЦݡ
ո׼뿪ĺ±ͺܰ꺭һ׵˺ûһͷԵڵϡ
ǰǰ
һεĺ±ʶǸʲôӵܣĸˡ
ղһ±֪˶ã˵ղһѾǷӵķǳˡ
ɼ£˼һëû˺˼·Ҳǲˣ  һԵĺܰ꺭һ𾪵ĿǰȥǻҪСһЩӡ
һﵽʲôʵ
ͺ±˻һۣڶԷжһֽĶ




217Щ
 

٣㲻ǲ𣿡
׿ǰ±¶һ˿Ц
һԵĺܰ꺭̵ǰҪɱҪϤ㣬㲻ҪҺʦ֡Ȼ챻̫ڵˣҲҵ
±ǰΪȣһǰΪʵǿҪҺ±ǾûκοԵģǴҵʬ̤ȥ
׵һ˿ʣңҲȽϲһ͡
ʵϣԴӿ±֮ҲһЩȤ
츳ҲҪ壡
صĿ»壬츳ڸߣ岻Ҳǰ״
׻ߵ˺±ͺܰ꺭ߣ˿ܰ꺭ЦŵԹźնˮ仰ǲİ
ڵĸ־Լݣ۸ɽСǿţע߲Զ
±˿Ѿ׳ҵ׼ˣǰ֮һΡ
ʵϵľ޴֪࣬ʦÿˣ  Ȼ˵Ļô̫ڵǰأ
̫ߵԶ߲ԶҺθɣ׿һۺ±
ǰ㡭㲻̫ڵģ
±һֱΪ̫ڵǵ鷳Ϊܰ꺭һӻ飬̫ûӡ
ûӵ飬ҵ˵ĻǾǲġ
±ͺܰ꺭ˣ̫ڻԼڵǵĻǸʲô
ǰ˾Բɽ֮ˣֻ˭أ
ʵϣҲǴߣǺ±Լô󷨵Ļ˵ͷˡ
ʲôʱ˵̫ڵˣⲻ׵ľҪɱңеĪ
ɫ΢䣬⵹ǰλһ
ܰ꺭ǰǻΪ̫ڵˣð
΢΢һЦܺú˵仰˰ɣ
ǰ룡
±̰һӵݸףȻ̫ڵ׷ɱסĵط൱ġ
֮Цʵɽɵģ
ȻǰˣҲûʲôģȷɽɵģҽк±λҵʦúܰ꺭
±ֵ˵ԼҲ˼ҵĶ֣ʵҲû˼ǿ
죬ԼҲûκεİ취
֪κ鶼ܹѣһǰλǰ֪ĻǺͲˡ
˵ˣҲûκѵıҪѾˣ
׵ͷɽﰡ
ǰ֪ɽɣ
±һƵĿףɽȻ˶ţɱϾҲǳ֮һ
һԵĺܰ꺭ڨЦһʦ֣ǰ֪ʵҲģɽǧ֮ǰѾʼû䣬ҲǸСŶѣ
ҲЩΣʻ˴۾Ǹղе̫ʲôط
ȿȿȡ
±һӱ׵ĻŪǺˣЩ̲סĿ
ܰ꺭Ҳǵɴ۾׵ǰڶǵİɣ
ΣԼεǱޣʶҲǺ
⡭
ʵǲ⣬ôܲʶЩأ
˰
Ҳһ죬ÿôƺоЩˣô
Ҫ֪˵ʶЩżֱǻĸŵ˶ʶĻԺô죿  ֱǿЦ
ʱ˲õˣԼ֪ľЩˡ
װڰֵˣǵ齲
ǰġ
±ȻָƣҲ֪ܰ꺭û˵
±󲢷һµˣľͽˡ
׵ͷ⵽κεطһЩаеˣ籾ǿʳ㲻У˾ͻ۸㣬⵹Ҳġ
ǰǰӵɭַɽСԡ±
ܰ꺭ͷ뿪ɽҲڣΨһЩڵĿ¾ҵʦҵʦˡ
±΢΢ҡͷʦĸԸûʲô۲۵ģԼʦö˵ĻǻŻʲô˼أ
ղô˵Ѿɽɳˣ׿ź±ʵ
Υ־ģģʵҲûа취ôġôĻʱŶᱻ̫ڸ̤ƽˣ
±֪ɽɲҪ˳ֻҲûκεİ취
ô˵ڲɽɵˣЦʵ
ɣΪ˶̫ڶ͵˵ʵ͹ˡ±
׿ź±ҿСҲԣǼҾ̫幬
̫幬
±ͺܰ꺭Ŀס




218³ִ󷽵
 

̫幬
̫幬ʵ֪˻٣ľ칬̫幬ɵľ̫幬ݱ
ֻҶˮݵ֣ôܻأ
Ŀǰľ칬̫幬Ѿû䣬ϹʱڣǿǺ켫һʱĳŰ  һκ±ͺܰ꺭һ̫幬ʱ˶Щɵˡ
ôˣ
׿ˣоһƺ֪һЩʲôһ㡣
ǰо칬Ҳ̫幬̫幬ȴûа
±ȻҲϣһɽ˵Ҳ֪һҪԿһžǲܵġ
ǰλǰƺʵҪڸطȥ
ǵĻôһĵطɣ  Ǿ̫幬Щ˽İĿǰȷǷΪ칬̫幬ܿͻ϶Ϊһˡ
һŵ˵һλصSʡҪ֮⣬һҪǽ칬̫幬ںϲΪһڣ
ǰ칬̫幬ѾǴ˼ǧˣҪǺͺĻϼѡ֪ǰΪΡ
±ЩֵĿס
װڰֵҵ㲻Ҫ֪ǣǷԸҾ̫幬
ҡǵȻԸ⣬Ǻǰ
±˵Ҳʵ
һԵĺܰ꺭Ҳǵͷǰǰ֪̫һرţΪǶ̫ڵĻ̫ˡ
ǺǣһԵ֣صҲһ֡ľǱڲĵˣֻҪشû߲üɣ
׵гţ˵ʲô̫ڵҲν顣
УΪ˲ŵģĿ̫幬Ȼɱɽ磬ΪԼȱ
Ը⣡
±Ҳûκεԥ˼ҶںԼȻӵĲںˡ
˼ͬʱ¹ɽѾǻزȥˣܹڼһŵĻֻкôûл
Ըǣ˿ȥʵҲҲǽǵȼü֮ˡ
ϣҵһݣ
˽ĶףȻĽԼ˵֮ϣӿȥϡ
׸ֶվ˵ĸǰЦе˵ǺǣԺҾԼˣҲûʲôǣһ˸һɽϣԺúζЧ
˵꣬һɫһɫֱ׵ֺ
˲䣬±ͺܰ꺭˵ϸԶһɽ
ԭΪɽ϶ǷѣõľǷ
˵ٷ֮ʮϵõĶǷʵһ㣬ӳĹЧҲһ㡣
ı׶˾ǲܹ洢սĹʵȣ൱ĳԿ
¼һʼܹԼĵӷһѾ൱ˡ
±еķǻԼײŴʦȡġ
֪ԴѾѷһʲôĲΡ
лס
±ͺܰ꺭Ҫ׼лףһԵĺܰ꺭ѾǸܵһ˿˿ĲԾ
⡭ôܣ
±һܰ꺭еҲʶĵͷ˿
ⲻ֪һһ
ͷǾǲһģ۴ӲʡָлǴ涼ǲһġ
ȻˣҪĻ
Ϊղŵĺ±ѾܵһɼΪǿе
ʦ֡
ܰ꺭ɫֳһĨ̺֮ɫǼµġ
ˣ⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣ
±ԼҲû뵽ԼոռžȻÿ˷һ
Ҫ֪ȻҲֵȼɼ̫ȳţûиϼϵģҲܹõ
֮ǰƻģĳڵҪְ
һĳţЩΪļӣпܵõҲҪġ
ɽĶţ˿ЩʱҲһܹ
ǲ࣡
׿ź±ͺܰ꺭Ҹղ˵ˣҵţҾͻǸ𣡣ҲϣԺܹȫȫΪҵԼĹס
ӽ
һξǱŵˣǰεʵ̫ˡ
㷢  Ҫñ֪ĻǴͷҲҪ漷
ܶ㰡Ҫ·ߵĻ治֪ﾹȻж죡
׵ǽ̸ʱһźɫӴ˽
ǺɫƤǰλã±Ȼ̫ڵı־  㡭̫ڵˣ
±ͺܰ꺭һǱܵĳźˡ
̶̵Ĺ򣬾Ȼ˸ˣҲоЩ˼顣




219ŵĳ
 

ִ̫𣡣
ִ̫ϣ龳ڵǿߡ
̫ڲ൱־̫ҲʵСһɡ
־ұ֮һ
һ־ҪȢʮһϱԭ־Ƿǳĵһ顣
ɽɲǸСɣ̫ڹ׻вӦʵģ
Ȼǲܵ飡  Ȼֲܣȴ˿ܣ
̫ڸӳףӾȻܵˣⲻЦ  ־ŭ߸ǰˣܰ꺭ҳĻô¶Ҫˡ
ɽɵ˸Ǿ˼㣬ܰ꺭ܵˣ׵Ľܰ꺭ͺ±˸ˣ
˼Ҷˣ̫ԴСĻô߸ǰ¶˵ȥˡ
ҪҪҲĻȥҸǶܹ˼ˣ
˵һɽɴľǶţȻЩƽʱۣһҲǲСġ
˵ˣɲ̫һҶⳬžͲʮţЩſء
ʱŪɳ׾ΪĹУǾ͵òʧˡ
Ӹλ־Ȼһ㣡  Ȼһģȴûκεİ취ֻܹĿɽȴֺܶ
־ŭ޴ӷйҪҵףԼ־ĺܰ꺭  ҵĻ־Ϊп̷֪ʲôԼĺ
Ϊ־ұۣЩһֱڴܰ꺭䡣
ܰ꺭ͺ±QУ
ĿĵĴ룬ã
֪һһԼܹҵܰ꺭ĻôԺΪ̫ڵĺĲ㡣
Ҫ֪һѡ־пܳΪ  һǸʱͽ۷ˣ
ʱܵԴҲһִܵõġ
̫ڵ泤ϣ
±ʶĳˣһֱܵķӦ
̫ҲִƵģ̫һžͽ泤ϣ
ʵǳǿҲԼţ
Ǹ泤ϣ
ܰ꺭Ҳ˵ֻ̫и泤ϣȴ泤ϵʵʲô  СӣΪǣϷû˰ٵһΣ
𿴵ɫѾѿ˼㣬ΪܹΪһ̫ڵĸҲƴˡ
ʱ䣬˵ȻǺܳʱ䲻ôһ˵Ҳܲ˵ġ
Ҫ֪磬Ǿʱ䰡
ʱŪúõĻ´˿пܳΪ龳ڵǿˡ
ںǿ֮ģ
±̧ͷ˿ף֪Լ϶˵Ķˡ
ȴҿ϶׵ǲǰ泤ϵĶ֣ǵĻľˡ
ҪǷ֮ǰûк׽̸ʱ򣬺±Ĳܸ˵ʵ
Ҳʶˣ  ɸղ׵һٶжĪ
ոʶԼԼʦã˼ҾóΪҲһ˲
ˣ⡭˿̫ڵִ˵ʵѾﵽ龳硭
±ɫһǿ൱ߵһΰ  ôףΪľԼ  ׿ź±Ҳ¶һ˿οɫʱԼ۵ĻԼմˣ
ں±ڹؼʱѡȷķʽ׽ȻԼҲ֪ǰҲ龳ڵʵ
Ӻ±˵ԼȻǲһģ  ˣߣ˭С˵ǰס
˿ѾǽԼʵν͵񾳽ڣ˵߲ߣ˵Ͳͣ  ˣҪͬ⣿бһЦһ
ʦһﻹ񾳽ڵʵҲҸ˵ҵʵѣ
˵֮һִֽ֣̫õһӡ
ȻˣΪĵӣʵ֮ͬҲǷǳĲˡ
иϳԼʦͷԼʦҲ񾳽ں۷Ĳѡ
ߣڵʲôСϷǰȥˣ
ЦһȻ׵ʱҲЩ죬Ϊһܹ˵ʵҲǲġ
ǺˣǺɣ
͸һɱɢ˿ʮţ·һɱȨǸˣ




220ֵľֽϻ
 

θɣ
׿һקĸһ֪ţĸʲô
˵ˣһҲ˵ģʱôܸأ  ߣҶʦ𲻾ɣһ׾ȻҶԼʦ𲻾̱Q˳
Цһƶѣ
׿˿±ͺܰ꺭ȳȥ
ȥ
Ǻ±ͺܰ꺭סˣһԵֵҲסˡ
СǲǷˣ  Ҫ֪һιΪҺܰ꺭ģôҵ˸أ
ʦСǲǷ˰Ҳסˡ
֮󣬿ЦǸ ҪȻ˭̫Ҫˣ
ߣ̫Եˣûк³ġСҿԲǼ֮ˣҲ֪ʲôطĳĹ
ֵ͸һ˿Ǵӳųˣ˵Ǹһȵġ
С̫֮󣬰ߣ˭̫ڶˣûκεĺ³
֪ ܰ꺭³϶Ƿǳġ
һˣҲΪ־ҪúõĴˣҪȻĻֱɱ  ֣ʦ𣡣
һʦȻ֣Ҳ൱Ŀġ
Ϊ̫ƽʢɱ
οվԼʦ𣬼Լ򲻹ǵʱԼʦ֣Ҳûκεĺ֮ǵġ
±ͺܰ꺭˿ЩңôҲû뵽̫ڵ˾Ȼڸ
û뵽׵ĵǸǴǸǴ˱飡  Ϊƻ󷨵Ļ˾ҪԼҲҵ
ֻҪǲȥĻһǶҪҵ
ʵϣ±û뵽һ㣬ڸûҵǣȴܹҵǣΪأ
ˣ±ӣҺʦû㣡±һҲ¶һ˿˿ı
˵Ļȥһģȴó˲ǲ˵֮ˡ
߾֮ǰһ־͸һĴм
׿˿±û˵ĺҪһܼܲһ㣿
СӻǸɵӣ
ֿЦоǰǷˡ
ȴһ˿ɻСʵ̫ˣ򶨵ѾЩˡ
Ǹʲô泤ǰɣ׿泤ʼչŵȻ΢Ц
泤ϣһûзӦĹظһ¡

û뵽ʱСӾȻĹԼֱ
Ȼʦ𣡣
һʼûзӦһԼʦŭ̷Ӧ˹
䣡
ֵв֪ʲôʱһɽɽȻӦҲϼƷˡ
ԼʦԼȻûзӦŭˣ  һͷڱŭԵʨһ㣡
һεĹĿֱָ׵ĵΪľһУ  һҰɫֱӳ׵ĵﴦٶȺ֮ǰĺ±Ȼǲͬն
±󲻹ڵʵѣǸ񾳽ڣһ磡
һγһ  ͸ղź±ĹǳƣûκεĻڣľ
ձȵҲǴ;ʵҪûбǿڻڵĹʵҲû̫ôġ
ΪǿԿһ
¹Ψ첻ƣ
ȵľǾϵĲ࣬Ȼ˺õĹȻҲֲһЩϵĲ㣡
֮󣬺õĹȴô˭Ҫõмأ  Ǻöˣǲеڶˣ  һΪʲôأһжӲסɨ˰
һεĹƶ̫һˡ
ȻҲЩƣǾȻ׵Ϣܲˡ
ˣôܳأ
һȱΪ֮ˣЩĿһЩ
磬Ļǵ͵  㲻͵ʱ¾ͻᱻЩߵǰָˣ
ڸղţ𻹸оôһ˿˿ĲԾȴ֣˲Ǹֽϻ  ʦֵǸֽϻѣǲ֪񾳽ô͵ģ̣˰
һʹļ׵ӣ  ҲǱǿ׳΢΢ЦҪסǳźһ֮𣡣ߣϷ֣Ȼһɱһʲô˼ζ




221ɽΣӣ
 

̫ڣǿĳżĴڡ
һ˵ΪʲôܶԸȥţǻΪŵԴḻ  ͬ񾳽ڵʵһ˵ŵĵӻһŵĵҪǿ
ԽԴḻԽο  νɸ¥ƽȣԺǰ;ȻԽԽ֮Ļ˵Ļʱǰ;һƬ
˵ĻȻҲͲˣ
̫ȳţʵѹҲƲɽȶţȻƲ֪ðˡ
ȻȥС˵ʵʵףɵԼͽֽһб㽫ն֮Խֱ
ʦͽһûסղŲСʵ
һҲһ˾ղһûԼʦ
һֲĻᣬʦͽϵҲǻм϶ġ
ֿɲϣԼԼʦǰò谮ˣҪԼʦĻԺԼЩԴôأ
Ҫ֪ǳţʵûдﵽ֮ǰҲûκεĵλġ
Լɽ¶һ˿ЦݵְΪʦûп㰡
ʦô죿ֿź±ͺܰ꺭¶һ˿ɭȻЦݡ
ߣһﺦıûУֱﲻ⣡üͷһᣬֻһµŸѾܰ꺭ŮӱŴãԱߵˡٺ١
˼ѾˣǾǳ˺ܰ꺭˭ɱ
ԭҪѺ±Ҳһȥģڿ˲ûʲô̫ļֵ
ȻûмֵɱҲɱˣ
˻ȥΣϵҲɱӣɲΪ˵Լˡ
±͸һɾһԵĺܰ꺭ɫ˵ˡ
±ĿУѾΪϿɵˡ
ܰ꺭ź±ʦ֣ΪҶһҵȥ˵Ķģ
ҶǸҺƴˣŻܡ
±ѹķǳĵͣһԵʲôˣʵǸ߳һ
ߣǸֽĿɽѾǸɱˣû뵽ǾȻҪߣʦ
źܰ꺭¶һ˿ɱ⣬£˾Ȼûз
һԵЦһܰ꺭ʦ̫һʮſھŵĳ֣ԭ޹ȥкӹģ㲻֪ϧ
ҾҲ޸
ܰ꺭Ȼ֪һʵȺˣΣ  ϲǲϲⶫð٣
Ǻܰ꺭ɽɼǧ谮һĸԣ
ĸԼȻѾγˣ;ԲڽͰ֣ҵԸɷǣҲ׸ƣ
򵥣ھ㳢ʧȥʦֵζ¶̫ڱΧɽɣʱɽ
źܰ꺭¶
Ҳܰ꺭̫ڻûа취ȥɽɣΪɽʵ̫ա
ǾȻֱӺͺܰ꺭ϵץ˺ܰ꺭һпɾͲһˡ
̫ڵŸ֮ǰѾ˵ץץܰ꺭Ķ¶Ǿɽɵĸ֮ա
ʵⱾ֪˲Ǻܶ࣬ǽȴֵ˵ˡ
Ȼˣ˵Ҳǻһţ
㡭̫ǲҪܰ꺭Ҳ֪ôˣǾ̫Ҫˣ  ±ЦһҲ̫һҶɽҲģ
һЦһٺ٣ɽɹʹһ壬ͼң֪أ
ԭѾıˡ
±֪Ϊʲô˵ˣ⹴ʹһǴ
սʹһʱ޿̲춫Դ
սԭһԴӶս
Ϊ㣬һɽɾôûˣǲֵҪɽҲûлᡭ
ʲô˼
ǰ˵֪ɽΣӣ  ܰ꺭ɫЩĿǰ޳֮ˣɲΪԼܵǣ
˾˽Ҳܹ˽˵ĵزɣ  οܰ꺭˽֮ˣ뿪ɽɵһ֮Ѿǳ֮У
ʦֶ㻹һߵҲ˵ֻҪϻͷ̣ػ֮˭ܹ
һݵ˵ķ˿
Σ
ܰ꺭һȻĿ֣Ѿ൱ļ尾ˡ
Ǿûа취ˣȻ㲻ӦȻа취ӦЦһʹһɫһԵ֡
Ц˼֮Χռ˳㱻һա
ͬʱеķɽѾƿնȥ˺ܰ꺭Աߵĺ±󣡣




222ɱ
 

ǧһ֮ʣ
±ʶԼеķɽһ£ʶӦÿһߵıܷӦ  Ϊֵķɽֱ±ķɽ
أ  Ľ
ʱ벻龹ȻˣֵĽˣ
ʲô
ֵɴ۾ǰһĻʵǲ˼飬û뵽ԼļƷȻˡ
ôܣ
Ҳ̧ͷ˿֮ǰ뵽Ľָһ
һõľȻǷ񰡣
һεɴ۾·𿴵ʲô˼һ㡣
һڵСӣһɽȶɳСӣȻ
ҲһȣղŻûעһе
û뵽оȻһ뷨֮ʵǷǳĺжϵģ  ʱݸԵĲܹͬûͬɫ
ûܣ
ɽսǸʱͷ׵һ֮ս
ֻҲǵʢˣΪԽԽϡˡ
쵽ִ̫ϵλãȻҲûһ֪Ƕô󣡣
ҲԶѣϵģɾͲһˡ
ôκ˶ܾ˵Ķǿͬȼսʤʵ  ûа׵ȰȥȻȵһ
һǿǼֱǵĺö  ǳţΪҲụõģ  Ҳһȣѵ  ԭ֮ǰļƷŪˣƣһ㶼ˡ
ʦ𣬿һջķᰡֳ
ְһһѣҲΪʦһɣ΢΢һЦ
һһѣѵ
һʼΪһû뵽߾Ȼ
һ˷
ҪһĻʱ̫ڣЩǿ¶֮ˡ
ǾһɽһĴڰ

һӣռ֮гһմ֣ź±ͺܰ꺭ķֱ  䣡
һȭͷڿѾǱɶԶҪжң
ͣ  һѪоԼһķ  ֣  û뵽׽磬Ȼһĳ֣  ˭
۾յĹԲΧƺûκεĶɸղһȴʵʵڵġ
ʦôˣ
ҲһղһиоúõģھȻͻ䣡
Լʦǿ龳ڵĳְȻϢĸˣҲ̫˰
ߣô㱾£ҲҶˣ
״ӵһ˳ӿȥЩ޺ĸо
ıֵУȴԵһ£  㡭㲻ǱɱʿˮǰͻȻֵף˻һ¡
Ǻǣƾ㣿׿Ĩһ˿м
±ͺܰ꺭ǰͻȻֵףԭЩҵɫȻһӺ
ˣû£±󼤶Ŀʵ
ʲô飬ղҲ־Ҫ˵Ҫʲôٺ٣
΢΢һЦղûгȻҲΪʮİա
ôҲǵõһЩõϢ¶̫ҪɽɵϢǸղ̫͸Ĳ
㡭㵽ʲôˣ
ֱתǽŵıȴ
̫幬ףһҲ޷ˣΪʲôͽһҪȥʮˣ
ɱңϳĪľ֣ҿ̫ڵִϣҪɱңʱ̫ڶŹģ
ҺθɣЩĿ
㡭
ɵҲ֪һ϶ǶɱˣԭΪԼס˾棬û뵽һﾹȻʵ
ҿûй⳶
׵һ裬ռΪ֮һһɼǿ
ǿѹȸУǰֱӹ  񡭡徳
˾ɵһĴĿף徳ǿǶǿ߰  ǰ˿ȥҲͶʮͷôҲû뵽һﾹȻ˵ĸ֣
Ѿûлˣ
ն
׿³һն֣˲һŰĹӹ˵
Ⱥ±ͺܰ꺭һοǱߵʱ˶¶˾֮ɫ
һںһڵ֣ȻԼ֮ڻΪ
·˾ûгֹһ㣡
ڡˣ͡ôˣ
ɱ
±ڴڵĴŴ˿̾͸ɽһ㣬




223𾪵ľʦ
 

𾪣  ±ͺܰ꺭˴ʱϹ֮ɫ
ղѿڶ徳⼸֣Ƕǰλµʶ
徳ʲôĸ
ڳţʵҲ԰Ⱥˡ
ˣ̫̫ˣ
±˴ĴָԲĴ
׿ź±ͺܰ꺭鷳ˣҲڶصˡ
ˣһʣ֪ʲʡ
±ʵ
׵ֱʣ˵ô秵ģûЩŵĹءֻҪżɣ
ǣǵʲôط±Щڴʵ
ЦŵĿǰѡַδһȥ칬̫幬һˣ칬̫幬ַֺϺǧ꣬Ҳʱϲˣ
ˣʵȺΪһҪϲأܰ꺭ףĿ
ԺǾͻˣЦŵĻҲ˵ʲôġ
ܰ꺭Ȼдһ˿֮ɫˣһ󣡡
˵
΢΢ͷźܰ꺭˿̵ĺܰ꺭ѾǱһ
ܰ꺭оһǿԼûа취ȥ
ӵ徳ĳǿߵʵ  ûôʱȥЩ׵ˣ˾̫幬ɽվʦš
Ķ¶ɽɶɹѹأ׳ʵ
ܰ꺭ɫһ䣬Ҳ֪ԼЩ̫ˡ
һԵĺ±һɫһ䣬̵ʦãôˡ
ˣװڰֵȻѾ£ǱȻҲΪĵӳͷڵֻһǾǺúõƺײ¥ҲǸĵط
л˴£꺭ʵΪ
ܰ꺭һ󼤶ҲԼɽɵһ㹱ˡ
ЦЦǷĵˣ磬ûʵվһհ
ˣỹǴ߰ɣѾƻˡ
±ЩǵĿס
Цŵ󷨿ȥȻվǴֲЩο֮ǰЩ֮вûо󷨣ǵҲûκεİ
󷨣
±𾪵ĿǰλͶ쾪ĵˡ
Ҫ֪±󷨷ǳоʵȻһ㣬Ѿﵽһˮ׼
ɾ󷨣˵Ѿʧܾã  û뵽Լλε˾Ȼ˵Ҫһ󷨡
˾󷨵Ļ֮ľۼٶȺֹٱ  ׿˿±ЦŵҲ֪󷨣
ˣҶЩоֻ󷨾˵Ѿʧܾã
±ǲ̫ŵĿףǰλ˸ǴѾǹˡ
Ǻǣڵǰģ
ҲǴ˸ۣ󷨵ǴʲôطģҲֻԼ֪ˡ
ԭˣ
±ʵҲЩ۲󷨿൱ĺôİ
һ˵ӵȾ󷨣ǶһʵķԾ
ײܿΧѾǳ˲߲ʯһĶڰ֮У  Ʒʯ
±ͺܰ꺭оѾЩľˡ
ȻҲǼʯʲôӵģʯǿӲͨ
Ͼûʯ򲻵Ķ
±СųģʲôʱƷʯ
ȻˣûгԹⲻǲʶɣ
Ʒʯһʯ֮ǳԣΪƷʯһص㣬Ǿ״ʯ죬߲֮ͨɫ
ֻҪˣǻϾǼƷʯˡ
ɢ  ׿һȣԭۼΧЩƷʯѾǳŰ˸ͬķλֿ
ÿһλƺ׵Ӱ䲻֪кеؾҪ죬ɺ±ѾԸ֪ı仯
ΪײҪʱһ󷨼ӳ󷨵м䣡
ʱһһĹȥԼĪʱҵʱ䡣
ĺһȻЦŵ󡢻󣬻һѾá徳ǿǿ󣬷һϺûκεĿƿЩ󷨡
󷨣ô̵ʱͲˣļٵİ
±ڸоԼ̫ţˣͶ󷨸ȤȻҲ֪ϰ󷨵Ĳס
û뵽Լ˾ȻҲ˵о  һϣԭյİʱ˸ʽĵҩ͹
Цŵ˾͵ҩټЩ֮һ󾳽Ѿûκġϣһμǵʵܹ

±ͺܰ꺭֪Ӧ˵ʲôˣǾǰʵ̫ˡ
ţҸ绰
ԭ׼ͺ±һᣬʱԼϽ㾹Ȼ绰ˡ




224ַ
 

߳ƺײ¥ʱ򣬺±һŵɫĿ
ŵɫĿ˵пޣ֪ſǸʲôģ
±Ҳû˵Ϊƺײ¥׽СҵԼҲ̫ϡ
ſƬƺײ¥𿨣ֿƺײ¥߼Ĵڡ
ͬϰ屾ˣ  ƺײ¥һţ֪ƺײ¥ĵλˡ
Qƺײ¥ǺͽҲƺײ¥
׵Ǿⶫϣʱ򻹿ȥȺȲɶģź±Լ⿨ӦҲѵġ
󿴵˳ĳҲѾͣԱߡ
磬ˣ
׸ոϳַĵ绰һεĴ˹
绰ͷַϤһεĴ˳Сףڸʲôأôӵ绰󣿡
е飬磬ﰡʵ
ڼأȻһ˰ɣַЩͳƺʲô顣
ַĻЩԾʵ磬ô£
иַ֪׵
ж˰Һ˵ǻûм׵Ҳֱ׵ĺܡ
֮ǰΪ㱻Ƴ׵飬Ҳ൱ķŭ
鲻Ѿ㻹ɶ£
治֪ǸװͿַЩŭʵ
׿Цһ磬治֪֮ǰ˵ôţ׷ʲô鰡
ҲǸ˰
ַ̾һǲ˵ʲô顣
׵Щˣ磬ô£ҵ绰ֲ˵ʲô飬Ǹɶ
ԭ׼СӸ迴ģСӾȻˡ
ַߵ˵
˵磬ⶼʲôˣ˾òʵĻǲ̸͵
׵Ǿûʲô̸ֲǸɶԸ顣
ؼСӲǸ֮ǰ̸ҵõģֱӾͰСƸˣ
ַΪʲôôķŭԭ龹Ȼġ
磬˼СӳĿŹģȻҵ˸õģͰҽˣ
һҡͷ˼ֱͲܹ֮ΪˣӦó֮Ϊˡ
СӸϽɣЩ̫ԾַЩզզ˵
Ҳ̾һĺ׻һϼңȻô顣
תһ룬֮ǰԼıܺͷһŪĻԼܶ˵ֻıˡ
ܹúõվطܹúõĻȥܹԼļ˴ȫУԼҲӦúúõĸлϲԣ
ڱ棬һ˿Ŵ⣬;ķ羰пǧ
׵ļУ
ַƴ˿һڼոɳϣѾǹˡ
еļҾ߶ǻȻһ£ͲûаѷӲؽˡ
Ѿ˼ƻ֮ˡ
СףˣִһֱǱ̣߳ԼŮĵĺܰ
ַԬСݴʱҲվСף˰
ַԬСڶ൱𾴰
ûף˿»˶ⶣҲܹ
˹֪ж  ׿˿ַԬСݵ磬ҿɵùϲ㰡
ϲңϲɶûַŬŬ졣
ַƿ׻ص˼У¶һ˿ЦݵСףȥ˰
㣬û°ɣ׿ַƵͦģҲʶʵ
Ҿ֪Ƿʲô鶼䣡ַưһַȻϾǷСݽϲӣҵǵ¾Ͳˣ
СƣɱﰡҪǱʲôëǿզ찡˺÷Ϊĸףվǵĵĺܡ
ַƿԼĸ׵裬ʵǺ־òֵáҲҿ㿴һҪȻԺ˻ûа취ˡ
Ĵָ㣬뷨̫ˣ
л㣬СףΪģַҲЩǸȻĿס
ȻҲ֪ԼСܻҲԣվ׻Ǹѧ
׿˿ַЦŵ㣬˵˵£
ʵҲûʲô˵ģ֮ǰ̸һֽš
ַƿʼĽԼŵ飬ǿʼôʶģΪ¾ֳʲôìܡ
ٵַƱƻ飬Ȼ׻Ҳˡ
ŵʲôģʵ
ʵʲôһֱ̫֪֪һӪĳ浱һʲôСɲЧһɡ
ַںȻԼЩʧܣ̸˿ѣȻ˼ҵλ֪ˣ  ֮Цеʵ㣬벻ڶ
ȻˣַΪڴĿ׵ɡ˵ҵŮѼҾ˵ţģǲǡ




225ּϲ
 

ַƵĵӲ˵һǮƵŮŮ֮ʵҲֻ
Ͼ̸ѣһϦ֮Ϊ˱˵ѣ˭ܹܵأ
ǣַԼڶĲôң
֮ǰ¾ƻʱȻַƽ߾ȫķվǸ첲šȡ
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˺÷һԵͷǰС׻СأʱҪǵʲô˵ĻԺôϻ찡
ַһҲͷǰСףǽûпܵ
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СӣǻǺܿصģ׵ĻڼںȨԣ
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֣ҿǸ˼ѧҽģֻǲ֪ˣ״Ź
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226Ե
 

  ѳͣ棬ԼַƳ˹ȥ
Сףզܵ˰ַЩǵĿʵ
Цŵ㣬Ǹŵļһﵽʲôλ֪֪
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һ׾Ȼ˸Լ˵˸оЩһˡ
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ľԣҪȳۡ
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ײƿЦӣЩܣôῴôĳӣ
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227ӡˢ
 

Ƹĸ
׿˿ȻѾ˵ˣô˵ǿеġ
һЩãЦŵʵԭǵ˼ӡˢ˲ιɣȴйӪʡ
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׿ʵӡˢĿǰЧΣְ٣
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ӡˢҲ˽ĺΪԵĸһЩֶ˵Ҳһ㡣
һԵַƿףЩСף˰ǻǻȥɣûǮ
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δȻЩԸɸøҪġ
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228´ͷŮ
 

ӡˢô̶̵ʱѾ
عɺͲιɱͲһǲιɵĻôȨʵڶδڵС
ǿعɾͲһˣӡˢе˵Ͼ˵ˡ
״һӵӣδҲǰġ
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ЩԴĶδڣûôй߳
ܣɣٿһвϸɲ飬Ҫ
ܣҡδƵĺܣôأ  ܣǽʱڣ³λѾҽ㵣Σܾʱΰɣ
ҲǱȽϿˣԭ뷨ԼϽһ
ַƵ̫ǳס棡
ҽҪĿľֻһǾǰţԺԼϽѧϰˡ
ܣղ֮ǰҲ˵ˣܸɣǾ͸ܸɡܸɣʲ˾Ǳ߻һϯλá
δԭǳسˣһֱûڳһ
ڴᣬǻϾǲ·ġ
ȥʲ˾ϯĻôֻ˵ְʹ䡣
еȨ˵Ǳܿˣ  ׿˿δڵܣ֪н٣
һʮ򣡣δڿ׵⵹Ҳƭˡ
׵ͷҿһʮ򣬵ϣܹԷҽ㣬Ȼˣҵͼϵ飬ҲҪҽ㡣ԱĴвԱٷ֮ʮ
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δڵ۾ɵĹԲֱͲǰ˵Ļ
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Ϊ˲ֻţȶס˵Ψǹôһˡ
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ҲпطһֱìܵģһݵĽ⡣
ŶδЦŵܣĽ㰡һĹʿǵֵĹ˰
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Ӧ˵ǹңҵķԺҽ㡣ҲϣҽһЩõĶ
һһǷǳľ˵ġ
δ̶ַƵֶ³ԺָҴģûκԹԣ
ַͷЩˣ
ˣܣһǻҪȥǣǾȿʼɣŶδЦŵ
δ̿ʼ˵绰вְԱܿͽӵ֪ͨ
׿˿δڵܣǲи˽ţ
ţδЦŵСڿɲ˰ǰ˵̸˸ŮѣҲ֪ŮѲ˰
Ŷô˷¶һ˿Цȥûʲô仯
һԵַƵЩģҪ֪Լ̸ˣûڹ˾˵
ŮӦʶûжãѾĿʼȥ˵ˡ
˵ʲô˵ַϲ̨
Խô룬ַƵоԽǰ˷Ӿ֪ˡ
δڲû̫עַƣҪľǷ׵ϡ
ȻַԺǶ³˭óײ֮ˡ
δڵӦʶ̸ĸŮѽҦ橡
Ҧ橣Ҳʶ˰ҲûҦ˭̵˵϶ΣͲҪˣ
Ҧؿ֪ܲǹίҦҦӦʶɣδص˵
ҦεŮһﵹҲǸ˲Ű˾Ѿ׶Щ̫ð˵Ҳʼ˵ˡ
δڵľôܱҪأƽʱֵģ˺ﾫأҪȻܹӡˢһֵλã  δЦŵҪȻСĵҪΪгٻң
ߣͷǲСЦһҲԹ˿˿â




229ɵ
 

ӡˢСң
һԲηʮɣԱ߻ʮӡ
ӡˢ˵вϸɲѾȵˡ
ɲ࣬Ҳһ˵ģ  Щλ쵼ɲְͨҲͦһ顣
ӡˢЩΪӡˢĹ˻ǱȽ϶ġ
˿̳˳ڼҵ쵼֮⣬һЩ쵼Ѿߡ
Ÿոսгãһι飬˵ĻЩСġ
Ҫ֪Žոնʮ꣬ʮ;ӡˢвɲڱһСطǺܺġ
ڵǳңһʼ̸ǸŮַƣȻ˵˳Ļԡ
ɶǰ;һİûеģ˵˱Ļ¾Ȼƻַơ
ԼҲûȥ¾ŸɣǸʱεĸַһ𹲶ѹء
ǰĿ곯ǹ˾һλŮҦ橣  Ҧ橸սӡˢʱ򣬲ûж֪Ů˵ݡ
ȴе֪Ҧ橵ĸҦQйίΡ
ǼֱֱӵĶͷ˾ģҪܹҦһĻʱԼһؼĹӪλˮ  űľͦ˧ټƤ˵˾Եơ
Ҧ橺źܿľߵһ飬ʱַΪ˳¾鶥ž޴ѹʱ
ַưԼߵ֮ȥŵʱһѾǷͻˡ
ֱֱ˵ĻؾַƣҸԼѾҵ氮
Ҧ橺Ҳַ֪ˣûţŵֱֻӸַƴ˵绰
˵ԼκãַƼҵβԺҪɧˡ
ΪһĻַҲôġ
ԽܣԽܲķַʽ
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ΪоԼûκεĵ  ֪ڵĵλͱĻûôĹ˼ˡ
δڴ׺߽Сң
˵Ŀ˿̶׵ϣ˻ʶģĹԱ
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ʲôܣǿЦİɣһԵһһҪĻôǵλÿɾͲ˰  οǰǹڿɾҪɻˡ
ЦҿûпЦܳԼ֤ǩԼĹ̡иϢҿԸߴҡ
ܣʲôϢڹĵĿ¾Լδǰ;ˡ
֮ǰ˵ҪĸѾ˵һʱ䣬һֱûиĸɹҲôӡ
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뵽ߣǴ˼Ѫһ˷ܣ  ŵԱһλȥΪŮӣŮӲǱˣǴҦ橡
ĿǰӡˢίǣҲвɲ֮һ
˻һۣҲһ˷ܡ
Ȼģδû˵ǻӭΪǽ䡭
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δһߣԼһԺɲܵλҪ¡صǳֶַ³
ӡˢֶ³ҹơ
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ַƶׯĴС˽δһַƵĵĵǰ³롭
һԺĽ  ԭҲͦģɵַŽһ̣˶оһ㣡
ַƣǸԼŮѣȻΪӡˢĶ³  ԼεĻһǿˣ˵ֻǸԼǰŮѳıȽһŮ˶ѣ  ŵĺ淢๾ѾǱɫ
һԵҦ橿Щֵ˵ţʲôŮ߲·ǰɣ
ҡ
ŸоЩ٣ƺǰĳɵˡ
ҦԭǸСƢһӣһŤͷٿˡ
ֻ֪˿̵ŵľѾڱıԵȻû뵽Լĵһв龹ȻĿ




230³ڶ
 

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ѲεĶ³ʶţֻźܶ಻Ϊ֪Ĺ£  δڽʾ֭룬ȴôĳⶫ˭ܹĳ  ַɤȻûʲô˵ģϣԺЭͬӡˢȥ
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ţվ
δڴ˿̲Ҳ֪ܾԲֹʶôˡ
뵽ղַƵı֣뵽ŲҿַƵƺһ·
Ρܡ
ŴڴڵĴŴ˼άѾһƬհף֪Ҫʲôˡ
ǰɣ㱻ˣ׿Цһ̰Ľ١֮ҵĹ˾ӭ㣡
ˣ
Ҧڵһ¾վ첻µزµҪ֪ϵҦǿǹίΡ
˵ʵ⼸ϵΪȵʵĻͻҵġ
û뵽طȻ˸ҿԼѣˣ
ô
ײʶҦ橵˭Ů˾ȻΪųͷҲЦһ
ƾʲôţҦһ
йϵЦһ
Ҧ橳ȻйϵҸ㣬ѡҵҪ˭Ҷ
ǣҶҪܵڶ˰Цһ̸Ҵӡˢ̣
ܣַƶ³λӡˢίҦ橰
δڲסĸʹɫղѾѹˣҦ橵ĸ׿ǹίҦΡ
Ҧͨ졢Ȩգ
ҪǵҦεĻԺӿɾѹˡ
Ҫ֪ڵӡˢɻŰٷ֮ʮŵĹɷڹҵеġ
οٶĵ˭
ҦڴȨգĲίְ˭ӣӡˢĻʲôľͲꡣ
ʱյŪͣʲôģǵʱɾ̫ʿ˰
ҵȻ֪Ҧˣ
ֲɵŮ˶˵ŵŮˣ϶ͽҦˡ
ֻںʲôίίģ˵κ˶ûԼ׽Ҫ  ַƸղʵҲҦ橵ݣ˿׵СܣҪȻȻ
ַƵУЩٵĿûʲôˣʶһЩˣôأ
һ²һ£
ַƾüȻԼСܻôǮǾҪúõľӪȥ
Ҧһַƣҵ˭أԭǱ˦ǸŮ˰
㡭
ַһӾͱɫ࣬ŮҲ̫Լˡ
ײŮˣ̫ˣˣ͸ҽҽ㶼Ҫ
ǰȥҦ橾һͣ
ž  һ·ǳ࣬ǰҦ橴Щת
ַƿߣоԼеһڶǳȥˣȻҲʱŮЩԡ
׿ʲôף
Ů˺ͲŮ£  һ˶ǺԭΪܾǿŲ˳ˡ
˼ΪԼϽ㱨ˣⱨҲ̫ţˣȻֱӽӡˢˡ
ԵоЩ
ӲҲ˵׵ǿ
ܣܡϽǰôҲøҦθӣҲҪ˺
ʵ֪ҪǳʲôĻʱùĿ϶ǰҦ橣Բ׵ġ
ⱳʲôǶܹˣһССĹίξܹ׺
Ҵң
Ҧ橵ǰһƺҪ׸ˡ
һԵѾŵһЩԼַƸ˦ˡ
ûκεĺҩԣ  ǺǣѸͷԴƵ˵
Ҧ橿ţ˿̻ϣܹΪͷʧˣ
˳˻֮⣬ؼʱƨûУ  Ҧֱǰȥŵͷһţŵ۽Ǳ˲Ѫֱ
ַƸоڶǳˣ˿ڿǲ˵ӣоȻһ˿˿ң  ǽ첻Ҫߣ
ַƶҦͳֻͲͨϵĺ룬һίεŮȻһ˸ˡ
ҦԼöˣҪ˵Լϵˣ




231¶δڵ
 

δں˾ôҦ橣Ȼδڵɫӵǡ
Ҫ֪ڶδ˵ίͷλ൱Ļ˵ġ
ҪǵҦεĻӡˢɾΣˣ  ⲻҪģҪʮнɾˣ
һĺõλûпҵô˵ĻµһͷײУ  һԵƽĺܣֻ֪ҪףٲԿġ
Ҧ橿ȥɫĺܣΪһССĹίξܹ˲ɣ  ǿҲǱϹϾ֣Ҧţܹţʲôطȥأ  ˳Ĭ
ҦʲôͷЩ˭֪
δڳҦ橵ķ˹ȥСҦҿǲþҦ˰ɣ
δڣ湻Եİ˸ӾͲʶˣҸ㣬ǣҿɲǡСһûб˴ء
Ҧһ˸˶ѡ
δڿҦҲƵʼ磬΢΢ҡͷ
׳ܣûκεĹϵȻҪˣҾ͵ţ
ȻҪ飬Ҫˣ
Ҧ橽ͨ˵绰֮һ˵һ߿ޣ绰ǱѾӵĳ
ǰľҲ͵͵˳ȥ
Ҫ㱨ǣҪǲ֪Ļǵʱʲô⣬Լˡ
ַƺױδں˰칫棬ǲôɵɵĵ˰ɣ
ȻѾˣδҲ֪Լûκε·ˡ
ЩʱǾ⣡
δʱֺõĻ֪Լ϶ûκεĺ³
ܣҪҦˣ⡭δһǵ˵
׿˿δڵôˣһίζѣѾǹҵ˰ɣ
ȻǹҵɱϾаٷ֮ʮŵĹɷߡӡˢĻһֱǹίǱЭûҦεĶ϶Ժǿɾ˰
δڰԼе˵˳ʵµĲҦҲ磬ӡˢӲ
˽δڵ˵̵ӡˢڱأǲӲܵġ
Ҫǵ֧֣ǿ̫ˣδеĵҲԵķһЩ
׳ȻҾͶˣôصĻ豸϶Ҫеġ
ܣ豸֮ǰѯˣҪﵽصı׼ҪǧҰδ̵
ڶͶȥˣںǧ⻷̲Ƕǳְ𣬸Ƕ̬𡣡
˵һöδڶòоĸߴ
ЦŵܣղѾ㱨ˣ˵һҪ쵼
쵼ҲδЩ𾪵Ŀܵʲôͷ
ɲǾôˣû뵽Ҫ쵼ˡ
ֻ΢΢ͷҲֱ׵˵˵ˣҽ㣬һӡˢҪΪҽȻˣȻѾˣȻϣԺķչһЩأ
ܣҵȷвٵĴҵЩҵ϶ǺӡˢǱرҵͲ࡭
δ˵ߵʱҲ΢΢̧ͷ˿ס
׿ŶδڵЩҵȽϴҵ˵˵
Ҫ˵װӡˢȻҩҵױƷҵ̳еˡӡˢûǲϵҲزȥ˵ˣǵ豸ҲЩˡδʼ
ϼŵôʵ
ϼţǿQһָĳҩ˵ģһǱӡˢˣֻϧϼǿǺպĴţ˼˽Ӫҵǣ
δҲǺֱףһ˽Ӫҵеʲô棡  ֻҪá۸񹻵͡λûʲôǲеá
ӡˢ豸ҪһЩȻҲͲզˡ
ټǹҵɱҪһ˽ӪҵҪ߳һЩ۸ϸûκεƿԡ
ֱͳ绰˷вǿǷϼŵ̫үŷвӦûԼӣ
Ȼ׵绰մȥ˵һ飬вֱӴӦˣ۸ûһ䣡
㶨ˣ׵ĳֿ磬öδڸоһ
ЩȷʵǡǸܣ˵ģ
Ҳ̫ˣ
𾪣  ˷ܣ  
ǰҲӵʱ䣬ܾȻ͸㶨ˣ
׵ͷȻֲͨ˻˼ĵ绰ŷ㳡һָĴ̳ˣҵ϶ǲܷŹġ
ͨ绰һײǸ㶨˻ŷ㳡ͷϼŵĿвĸϵҵ
ԼĪСʱʱ䣬׽ӵĶѾʮˣ  һԵĶδڲסſˮôĶĻ˵ŤΪӯˣǼֱ׬Ǯ˰  һֱ֣ˣ
δһεĸо׵ǿ󣬼һԵҲЩĿࡣ
ڹٳԲ˵û뵽̳ȻҲôˮ  ΡܣǸܡֶǺãίҦѾСˣҪܣ
ʱһܳ˽Щŵ˵




232ΪǵҦ
 

Сң  ˿һƬأίҦҴҵĴQиϵ˱أԭһСʱĳ̣ʮӵʱ䡣
ԼŮˣǿ벻̣  ҦôһŮСǶǺ»˵֡
һֱڣҦûôԼŮһ£û뵽ŮĹ˾Ȼ˸ˣ  ҦԭڿᣬҲˣ  Ҫ˭ҴԼŮǷˣ  橣˭㣿ְ֣߰ҦҦ橣Ŀⷺ䣬һɱ֮ҡ
Ҧ橿޿ĿԼϵ˲ҵǸȥ˶δڵİ칫ˣ
ߣѾ˽жδڹҵҪ·ţ񣬸ҸǰҰ
Ҧŭˣûķŭ
֣ҵͺۡҦԼ͵
԰橣ְΪСҲˣҦҲǼһεġ
ԭͬԼŮѡ񣬲СƤҲͦԼŮϲֲִҲʹӦˡ
û뵽ԼŮˣԼδŮȻҲˣ
ҦһţһСҴģҾǱǰŮѵĵܸܵˣ
ⶼʲôʲôҦƵʵ
Ҧ橺ܿľͰһ飬
ߣQУܰӡˢȥҦֵдҦ֮󣬻ֱ¡
һ̫ţ˲ԼӣżֱͲǸ
ҲңҪԼŮļ޸ôûеļһ׷Īˡ
ʵҵֺγҦһأ  ״ŶδںѾ˽һȥʮ괩ŰɫɫͺɫƤЬӡ
ײҲ֪˿϶Ǵ˵еλίΣҦˣ
ѽѽҦΣ˰
Ҫ˵֮ǰĶδڻЩҦĻôڵЩˡ
Ȼ֪ǰܵʲôͷּԲһ򵥵ˡ
˼ֻһˣȻѾĳ̶ȣأ  뵽߶δҲһļܹڹίǰ̸Ц밡
ߣδڣǿˣҦ
δڿҦҦʲô˼
˽ԱʲȻӹί˭ǵȨҦȻȴǳĺá
ҦΣñӿ۵ûǴ󰡣ҦҲȻѡףȻͲѡҦˡ
뵽˽ҦνĹίε׻ܱܲס  Сӣ˭Ҧ
δڵҦΣλǵ飬ͬ־
أ˵һСС黹ûʸҸǰߺģ
Ҧߣǰ
ôļӣ׿Ҧ˵£ûһȥ
֣ң
Ҧһףʶĳźһ£ܿӭȥ
Լϰֶˣʲôµأ  Сÿһ۸Լϰָƽġ
ҵŮҦʵ
ôˣԼûнãֻҰˣ׳սţ
˶ӡˢǰɣҪܹӡˢȥίλͲˣҡ
Ҧڱص˲Ǻܶ࣬ԼŮ߱ˣѲľһζûа  ҦھҪԼ飬ǴԼŮˣ飡
һСС龹ȻҲҸԼùίǵӷʰ  һɲ˵Ļ㲻ΪĹͣͷʺĹүЦһ
ߣɣ
Ҧû뵽һﾹȻ˵ɵĻ˶ЦһǲǸɵӰȻ˵ɵˣ
̸ҹȥҵĵ̲ӭ㣡һ㶼ҦӣʵҲøӡ
һԵЩӡˢ쵼Ǵҳϰʵ̫
Ҫ֪ǰǹίΰȻ˼ҹȥûһǲ˵  ףҲǰˬҦղŵ˾ǿԼ
ٳ֮У˿ʵǺһ飡
ܡ׿˿δأ⼸˸Ҹϳȥ
ң
Ҧû뵽˾ȻôľΪԼĵܹסˣû뵽ûã˱䱾Լ  һ֮ڵһ¾ˣ
֨  Сҵűƿˣ˽




233³˵ҦҸŮ
 

ǣˡ
ĵҲһԼҲڳͷˡ
һԵ׿ӭȥǣģôϹҶ಻˼
ӦõģӦõģΪǱؿ˺ܴĹף˵ֽ˱ӡˢϴѣҪǻǾͰ˰
Ц׵ʱҲһˡ
Ҧ׵ĹϵȻôãɫһѿǣ
ⲻҦұӲ죬Ҳǰ֪ͨһʱѾ㱨顣
ֱӴһƹгҲϵ
ƸгǿҦֱӷֹ쵼ڱQܹQƸгָɽɣ
ǣҵŮĵ̱ˣô˵Ҳøһɣ
ҦǹٳˣһζشɱɱȻķ
˵ˣϸ첲ȵģҪɵɶҲǲ̫ܵġ
ԣҪϳĸоЩ̫ãΪһ׵ļһϵ̫ˡ
ȻҦ׻˵úãʶ˳嶯ЩѪʵҲģ
㡭
ҦûѪĲŮ˵
ҦΣҿ»СС»Ҳˣ˭ûг嶯أ뵱ҡ
ѾʼˣĿֻһҦͻȴŻƸгĵ
Ҧһⴿߺϡ࣬˴һֱŭ״̬֮Уˣ񣡣֣ҽ컹ͲβһССͶˣؼȻܣҾܡ
˭Ҫܰ
ʱһϵ˱ӡˢССıӡˢˡ
г
ҦҪˣһϤڿ˵ʱˣ  Ƹг첻濪ôúõĹأ
ҦΣҲ⣿ƹҦ
гҡҦƵĴŴȻŮˣ׵ٲĻǡ
ôʱ䣬һֱûпӴǲ˼
ƹѾٴҦֱƿҦ֡
ЦŵгӦдŶ԰Ǻǣ
Ҹղ˵ˣصϴˣǺðؾһֱչҿͶ̣Ժصķչָտɴ
ƹЦЦһԵҦɴ۾׾Ȼͻƹ̸Цһ飡
ƹʲôˣǿQøг˵һ˴Ҫгѡ˰  ڵǹίķֹ쵼˵ԼĶͷ˾
û뵽һﾹȻгҲʶ𣿣  ڵҦѾǳӶˣ  û뵽ССıأȻǲԻһˣ˵ĺ̨
侲ҦҲͷ˼ûôҴԼŮأ
ڻղ˵̬ȣڹֻԼһ
ǰ˾ͷܴ  Ǻǣ֮ǰһˣֻϧȥʡ濪ˣҪȻҵǿԺͻгŪ
Цŵ
ƹ΢΢һЦǾǸᰡϵ粻ϵɣѾùڱشƵ궨ӣ˽һҪ͹Ⱑ
û⣡׺ˬ˵
ƹЦŵ֮ǰʱҲûпսӴҪǿǣɵðҴк
ƹνĴкʵϾҪںεĸǰ¶ѡ
Ȼ֪뷨Цŵ֮ǰҲںĸǰҲ˵ҶԻгһЩ˵QҪһ긻ǿƶõķչ
˵ߣжˣ
ƹһЦЩЩ߰ɣ
ҵ߰ɾЩ˲ߡбۿҦҦ橡
˿̵ҦɫɷףһԵҦ橸ŵôҴ
ʱѾûκε뷨ˣƹȻʶǿԼϰֵ쵼
ĳгһһĴɲ  ֪Լ˲ܹˣҦҲһ֮ˣ֪ʱԼˣҲܹԼϵˡ
ҦߵַƵĸǰԼ;⣬Ȼֶ³Բ𣡣֪ˣԭңҲǱһıɱˡ
Ҧ˵ǸַƵǸоЩ˼ˣ̵ûû£Ҷһ
׿Ҧ橵˶ԼĽǸֿԼĽѾԭŮˡ
Ҳǵ˵ˣǶŻƹг룡
׵˵뿪Ҳ־Ľ
״ԼϽַһЩ飬ԼϽؼˡ
ղųԷʱӵһ绰绰ԼĸԱϴġ
绰ͷϿ޿һķңǰSCʡ




234¾βһ
 

ײ֪ϼҵ׷ʲô飬ǴĿ׸о϶ǳˡ
ҳ˵ܻСҪȻĻҲڵ绰ͷˡ
ֻôʣ϶û˵ô£
Լֻԭ
֮ܶȻԼ绰ˣ϶ʲô⡣
ײܹ֤ÿһܹλٶԼߵˣܹæĻǾΪġ
֮ǰ׺ʱҲ֪ϵϼSCʡCУ
CΪSCʡʡᣬҲ˺ããҪҵϿ²ô׵ġ
Ȼˣֲûϵĵ绰ʱԼϵSCʡĻѲԼ
һȥSCȻʲôͨôˡ
ʵȥSCʡҲǼӵѣʵѾﵽһ൱ֲĲΡ
磬ҲǽĴڣ  Ҫ̫׵ĻҲȥʲôɻ𳵵ġ
һΪϵ飬ײòֱȥSCʡ  ӵĹѾǵִSCʡıԵٶȣҲ޼  Ũ
һֱûSCʡոսSCʡȴѾ֪ޱȻ
֮ǰڶغԲͬն
֮УȻλߣ
ͣЪ֮׼һγʱüͷһš
׵ӰǸ򼲳۶ȥ뿴Ϊʲô߻˶ߣ
ղҵ֪ټɡһŽµӵͷһŷε
ʿ˳ҪǵƭңǺӦ֪ġ
˵˽´ڵ´
ʿ˳ˣSCʡ嶭ҵĶ١
ΪĳţҲ켫һʱ
ѾձɽˣȻųŵͷǵʵҲ൱ڸһŶѡ
ôƭأһΧ˾βһ壬ҶҵŬǿеİ
ʿ˳Щ˸ڵҲЩп಻
ߣʶ࣡βشϢԲܹй¶
´䣬֪ǣ׾ǵ
ֻҲЩƣΪЩЩ˵
β
û뵽羹ȻҲʵɽ磬βǼΪǿ塣
ֻβһȱ㣬Ǿǰڲǿ
ֻҪܹľβʱʮǿĴڡ
׵ľʼϵķ䣬ȻǶǰľβȤˡ
ҵûУ
ʿ˳ǰŭһ
٣֮ǰĿǾβ߲޵ɡǼҲ൱ơ
´ЦһȷβҸ㣬ֻβʵȻǿ󣬿ȴǾβһ峤褵Ůա
ô֪ݣʿ˳Щˣû뵽´Ȼ֪
´βһ壬ɱɱץץץҲжʮߣÿһȻģҪʳףˣͲһ
˼ʿ˳ɫһϲʵ
ܹҵգʱһβ´һЦ
ʲôЩлʿ˳ɫһǺ졣
Ҫ֪βȫŮӣصǿԻûΣ  βһҲһĴڣǵĻھ£  ֪һΪʲôᱻһˣ
βһҪĻ㳲ҪҵҲһ׵飡  ߣҲգʱ㶭ʿ˳Դң´ȻѾ´վܲԶֻβһĻ൱ǵߡ
΢УȻ˵ڸʲô  ǹƾ˵̸£֪˾Բʲôˡ
κˣһ壬ǾԲ࣡
׵ǰԶһ˿΢˶һµĻҪһ
Ҳòβ
ǰֻβӦǸղǰ˵ĶԻŶһ¡
βȷǿȫԼϢ
ʿ˳ų´һҵһ취
´˾˵
ȻǵĿ귶ΧѾС̶ȣǲûաʿ˳һ˿
»Ȼܺµģ  ɶʿ˳ȴ֪ܲɣ
ǿźܶصģ
Ȼⶭʿ˳ո˵⻰ʱԿԸоǰλŮƺ
վȴһ˿ᣡ




235
 

ߣ
´ƺܵǾβĲһ˿˿Ĳ֪ˡ
Ҫ֪´ʵǺǿ񾳽۷ѡ
Ȼһ֮ҲٮٮߣǺЩȣȴôʵǿ
͸֮ǰϺܰ꺭̫ڸ֮ȣҲǲ˲١
Ҫ֪̫ͬΪţ
Ǹ־֮´ȴ֮ӣ
֮䲢ûκεĿɱԣ  ͬǳţеĲҲ൱Ĵġ
䣡
һɫǾβķ򼲳۶ȥ  ˲䣬ռһ󼤵
Ϊģ֮ڣǴݲ  ǰɫ⼴ҪǾβ֮ʱһӰǱһһεĹ
Ȼǣ
´¶һ˿Цбһ󾫹⡣
һԵĶʿ˳һŵӰ˶Ҫģ
Ȼ䣬˷ͬʱʮӰһλŮΧס
׶һŮӵžգһ˫ǵ۾ǵߵ
Ůüʪ֪ĺ˭
ľУһ˿ķŭҼ  գ
´ʶŮӣβһ壬ΨһӵǸ˾峤褵Ůգ  ڼŮǾգ´Ҳ֪ɡ
֮ǰЩβһڶŮ´Ҳ˺ܾá
ɵ˵ǾβһĵһŮʱ¶һҪˡ
βƯǵβͶ˵ǳ󲹣
һŮȺþβΪ֮͵Ķ
óѣվҲǵõҪĶ
յбһǿĿ⣬׿ĸǾ
ٺ٣費վҪ޸Ҹף޸ңǲͦãʱڣǿǳĺģ
´ȻѾҵգԲܷŹġ
Ҿβһ屻˵ϢԲܹ©ȥ
һ©ȥʱڶᱻ𣡣  ЦһھԲκεĺ³ģ
ûк³Ҳ֪֪ܿͻΪҴϵˣٺٺ٣
´¶һЦЦԵ쳣ļ
ޣ
ѣûκεİ취
һԼĸΪڵĻ˴롣
βһȫ
ĻҲ⣡  û뵽´˾Ȼھβһܲ޵ҪߵĵαȽϵϤĻѾΪˣ  ȻյĽûκεĸı䣡
βһʵһֱǺǿΪȻ츳ߣɵ涼Ϊһʱ򣬷չԵôļˡ
һʹ״ֻҪǳȥǾΣأ  ֱ޵˸̸֣ҳ´Ǹ꣬㾹Ȼң
´ЦһԵĶʿ˳ҲǸЦӿȥͷǳǷ⣡
Ҹƴˣ
մ˿ѾǱˣβһֻʣһˡ
޿״̬һѰ
ԭݷȴᱨ뷨Ѿûˡ
ϣԼ֮ǰܹɱǰ´
֪ⲻ̫ܣΪĿǰʵĳڡ
ǰ´߳磡  ҪǾβһмǿĻͱץˡ
ಣ  մ˿˻һ⣬ֱӳ˶ĳ´
´಩Ĵ򷨣Ҳ΢΢һЦһֻյĴѾǽһץס

һҽУ˿ЩͷɢȥΪĺˡ
ƲԳԷƣҪ̺ãЩѶȵİ´һץס¶һ˿аЦݡ
ʵȺھ°ʿ˳˳һƨ˹
ʿ˳һ˴ˣİɣǶԺµһ壬Դã
´Ŷʿ˳¶һ˿Цݡ
ʿ˳ٺһЦЩЯҶѾź÷䣬֪ǲǡٺ١
СӹȻҽҲÿ硣β˵ζǲһ㰡´Ϲϲ֮ɫ
յг˾޲ǰһҧһȻﶼѾס
ҪûκοԵģʸûС
պˣղӦô嶯Ӧѡˣ  ߣôˣ۸һŮˣǶ˰




236ʲôӦǰ
 

ߣô۸һŮˣǶ˰
ڳ´Ͷʿ˳δյʱû뵽ǵıȻһߡ
´Ͷʿ˳˼ͬʱһҿȴûпκ˵
ղšʿ˳ʣƺղΪԼˡ
˭
´һʿ˳ô˵ô֪Բˡ
û뵽طȻţԼһ㶼ûвʵ̫ˣ

ڳ´ǽĿΧʱһǿѾߺХ  䣡
ϳһ޴ĿӶڳ´Ա߲ԶԭĶʿ˳Ѿգۼʧ
ǰǰҴˡ
ͨһ  ˿̾Ϳ´һѾ˫ϥء
һﻹһĵҲûУʱҲ˲ôˡ
ס˵ĻǻҪʲôأ
ߣ
һߣһѾǴӳ´ĸǰӹ
ڿǳ´ϣԭŵմ˿Ѿûټ
ǰǰ֮ӣǰ´סĳ׵ķͷɫתҲ̫ˡ
ǰһ̻קһѾǱˡ
ڣû׳
˿ѾǴֵ˳úɫͶڵסԼȫ
ǰ֪ˣ֪ˣҪʲôҶ㡭
籾ûʲôؿԽʲôŴΣ
տĻԼʵ  ڵĳ´Ķӣأ  Ѳܹڵ˶  ˼ҵʱֱӺɱȻĨȥۼĻǱͷ  տĻԼʵȻˣһõҲеġ
øϻ
ѾǾʹɱ֣˾Բʲô࣬ġ
鱾ȫģԼѵûǷƶı  ΪɣǸɵȴǼ顣
׵Χ֮ͬʱЩԭѾǲΡΡЩһ̼ȫΪң
ٿǸղŻ޵ĳ´˿ѾһϢֻʣһˣ
ǰ
սһжУ֪ǰλǰ˭
ֻ֪ҪܹԼˣǾԼǰǾԼĶˣ  ɱ˶ʿ˳ˣڳ´ҲһϢӣһӸоЩӯ
׿˿Цŵ˾ͽɣ
ǰ˵ģ
һļԼˣظһ飡
Цŵ˲̫ϲЦղŵҴҲˣӦһĻ㴦ã
ҡʲô鶼Ӧǰ
Īɫһ죬һ˵߶ò
Ҳ֪ǰǰ뷨  ǾβһѾʱֻ̣ҪܹԼˣκ鶼ֵõġ
Ȼˣһǰ˾ԲܹڵˣҪΪԼԼ˱𣡣
ãʹ죡
ʵղſβһ˵ʱҲЩˡ
βһɽ磬ҲǾԵı
û뵽ɽǿ壬羹Ȼôҡ
ʵֻҪܹúõļĻʱȻΪԼǿ֧š
ƾһˣҪɽЩܶԿǲ̫ʵ
ɱ˴ˣǰ̸Σ
յ仰ôľĵҪó´ˡ
ʱٿ´ѾǸղˣɫһģյûκεͬ
еֻɱǹɳ޵ŭǸ˶ܹܵĳ
´׸ˣĵҲѾǱ׸ӡסˡ
൱ڸͨһ㣬ҪɱĻʵ̫ˣ
飡
һȦһȭΪҵĸס
˵֮һȭ
һȭΪȥĽ㡭
յĿдɱ֮Բó´ù
һȭһȭ
յƵ൱ĺãÿһζǴʹҪÿһȴǡô
ų´ǼŤӣоԼⱲӴûһôˬ  Сʱʱ䣡
ղų׵Ľ´Ĩȥƾ´εİ޼£
ҪǸղǸҵĶʿ˳ŵĻԻһ㱻˸ɵЩʱҲһˣ
ǰտǴŶҵףг˼ᶨԺˣϣǰܹƴգ
ƴһ飬ǲˣϽ˰ɣ




237˵
 

ˣ
׵Ļһε̧ͷ
ǰλǰҪԼӦĲԼ
ԼѾ˵ˣѲǸԼװأ  տϵ˶һԣ  ǿԼ֮󼸺߲·ˡ
Ҫ˵յһ欵һּջ  ֮ǰĪȫһ֣
˵ĪǸ߰ĻôǰǾȻ
ȣ  ׿һȻǰɣ
βһգճ˸
׵ͷβع屦Ҹղžϣβһܹţ
ʲôǰţɫһ˲Щ
ղһΪǰصľɫڿʵ˰
˼ҿصĲԼɫǾβһǱ
ˣ  ʵЩˣ
׿յĪڣ
ڣǺǡ¶һ˿Цݵǰڻʸ𣿡
˴Ӳǿѣ΢΢һЦڷڣǾ͵û˵仰
ǰҲ˼̵֪ǰǺģβһʣһˣǰҪβһڣҿˡ
ǺǣҪõβһҲÿӦӦװȻ˵
֪ǰǺźɣյȼһ˿ϣǰ˿ȥֱͦˡ
̫幬ף
׵ҲûдȻھ̫幬ûĺϲ
׿ǳ飬һĻǾ׼ȥˡ
̫幬
վԼЩªˣȻڵĶأǶĺܶȴָơ
о칬̫幬ɾû̫幬  ͷ
̾һ칬̫幬Ҷ˵̫幬ˡֱԣû˵ء
ⲻǻûʽ׺ǺһЦ
꣡  һҲЦһʼھûпλЦ
һλһֱЩûûεĹ¶һ˿Цݡ
ҲɲЦղŻ˵Ҫ˼ҼţתۼŻûгء
Բǰûס
Ц֮ЩˣϾ˼ǰģôҲø˼ҵӰɣ  ûʲôһǾ仰Ҿ˾βһ壬ǡ׿Цʵ
ճǰܹˣտԷģԺβһ弴ǲܹ˹ڣҲͬˣ
˵ǷǳĶ÷ִģĳ߶ĺܺá
ҲЩŮ޵˵ˣȷԲߡ
ֻǸŲ
ڵ׾˵ĻŶȷǳĸߣ  ȥϵĶҺ磬ΪûбҪյĸǰŪʲôˡ
ǰô᣿
տ׵ʱҲһԭΪ׿϶ֺ׷ߡ
û뵽ǰλǰȥڼҴһ˸оһС
׿˿յû˭涨ͷɣ
һΪǰһλߡ
ҲЦ˲ô˵
ǰǰĺˣ׾ˣҺգ
ױִˣЩʲôǰʲôĲ⡣
ЩʱҲ൱װģʱֻҪԼĲ۵ģǻϾǽϰˡ
֡ǰջЩҿڣϾĹؾˡ
ջҲεЦЦβһ嵽ô£
˵ߣǰġ
յĽ֪ԭίԭյĸҲǾβһ峤һŵˡ
һٰ꣬Ż˾βһ塣
λȥνļͣλԼס˽ˡ
ٺ褽βһһ򾡣
Ҫ˳Ļβһͱ˸һˣ
Ҳɲ飡
Ϊϵ飬ҲȻܵSCʡ´ˣѾһغˣ
кܶôĻԵɺϣ׺յȴΪպһδ档
Ҵѵ֮һȥڻһνĳŵˣ׳
ЩǰʵǿᡭյҲǵ֪׵ʵ
ڣ»װȻ˵
տŵף˶ЩĪˣǿһŰ  ȻûˣǰƺһӲһţ̫ˣ




238²ҪŮ
 

SCʡCУ
׺CеʱѾ糿İ˵ӣ˿ֵϰ߷ڡ
״һҸոտŵķװ꣬Ȼ·ֱӾ뿪ˡ
յòʵ̫ףȻ֮࣬¶𲻱Ҫìܡ
ȾأҲû˻ɣֻҪſֻҲǽˡ
֡ǰ⡭׽Ȼ粻һ
ҲǱԼһ·ˣԭ𱬵һչ¶š
һԵҲѪţ  ǵסǾգҲǷǵġ
׽粻磬ͲҪǰǰĺˣֱӺ׾ˣ
һǳ˵ģΪ￴ȥЩᡣ
ǡǺðɣ
տҲǵͷҲЦ
ѾԼǰˣҲ¶ЦݵҪȻȥCеСԣCеСԿͦġ緹ȥ£ȵƵסΣ
һǰŶԣִİţ
Ҳûиֱ׵ִִ֣ˣִֵǺһ飡
ôεεĴŮվԱߣҲһ궯
׶оԼЩӦˣβһȻǲͬ죬ǸҲ˳С
Ȼ֮Ȼǿһĳ̶Ȱ  ã
׸ڴ·˵Żʱ򣬾ͿԶһɫĵײһλˣ
Ǹ˶ÿĻûˡ
Ҳǵ˵ϣȥƺǳʹࡣ
ԭǴֵģһ̫ˡ
ûа취ֻܹǿ֣  ǻãĿƷΧ֮ڣүүӦû̫⡣
ͣܶҲͲô򵥵ˣ  ˤһºˤһ£ЧǽȻͬģ
ִ磬ҪҪǳְæҲһĵˡ
΢΢ҡͷϾ׽磬׽׽ĹأӦҲ֪İɣ
ͷ֪ǡ
ȿʲô˵ɣ״ճǸ˹ȥ
Զ
ɫĵһŰɫµŮӣīȥʢˣ
϶ɨҲű˵·õɨع
ɫµŮĮ·ײĲһˣһľͷ׮һ
Ůײզذ
Ǹүү꿴ȥӦʮüˡ
϶ҳҲ֪ãȰûɫŮ˫ֲ൱ˡ
ײүүײүү
ǸɫŮ𾢵ʱһЩŮ˳һקסǰŮӡ
ž
ɫŮֱӷһӳ鵽СŮϡ
ǰСŮһӷɳȥԶϾǸСôĴһ£˭ܹܵأ
˵ǸСˣǸˣҲоǳ۰ɣ  ̫ˣô
ǰǿҲͶʮ򣬿ʲô
ײ˼ˣ˼Сûˣ
ɲզΣҪŮ˵ĻŪ
Ů˾Ƿᣬǿȥˣ
Χ۵ȺУȻܶ˶ǿǰŮˣ˵ҪŮ˵ĻûС
׻ϲ֣ϲָָ㣬ܹͦĺ١
ǸɫŮһôΧָָ㣬ЦһȺµ˻˼ָңҲ϶ò˶٣
ݣͿƵקʲô
һӿȥƺЩ嶯˳һԵĺܶ˿ʼкá
ҾͿ⳵ôˣϲб㶯һԣҸ㣬ϹCзԺģ㶯һŲţ
ɫŮ൱ǿʢǿˣոһӾˣ  ҪΪæͰԼȥĻǵòʧˣ
˼ͷǷԺģͷ˭˶
ӻ뿪֮ŮӸŵ˵ǧµĶµˣɨصģǾµˣ
нǧCп˵̫ˣ
ڱ˵˵µˣнǧжоһĲ  ϶һٿ飬ŸϽ
ɫŮӲ֪ĸطͳһٿǮֱǸүүϡ
үүԱߣԭǸСŮ޿ſԼүүϡ
ȥ⻭ĺܣ
վס
԰ɫŮΪģ߼ͬʱһ  ̧ͷ˿һȥЩֵӣ鲼鲼Ьȥ˵ͦġ
ǣղŵĻ˵һ飡鲼ӳ״˸кȻŭȵ
ȲҪŮˣվ˻ῴߵģ




239½
 

װͷ⣿
ǸŮЦһЩͷŵƿ
׻һЩԱ߻һȥӦóĲŮ
һ鲼µӣǼֱĲˡ
·ʮǮɣ  ˵ǽģŮҲ
ˣһִĵıӣ  һɢ˰ɣҲûʲô飬ҵùˣ
ǸүүŮʢ˵ӣҲ̾һ˵
ǵһμǧµˣ벻ǧǲµ˰
鲼һǱȽϱ뺷ˣ˵˼ɡ
˭أǰŮֱӳ鲼˹ȥƺ׼ӵĶ⣡
ţ  ʵ̫ˣ
Ҫ֪鲼ӺôȥҲǸԲĺӣŮӾȻη塣
治֪ǵʮأǸɵǣ
ž
Ů˵Ҫ򵽶鲼ӵʱ׵Ѿ˳
ֱץɫŮӵ֣Ȼһ˦
ǲ  ֻһͷλŮӾͿʼ
໡
һҵĽ֪Ϊױ˸ʲôء
δȵŮ˺мӣ鲼ȥǰŮǺݺݵţգ    Ȼ˶֪Ů˲ԣŮҲֺܶ
ŮӣǱҲû˻һµġ
ˬ֮鲼ӳ˴Ĵֵָܣͦ
׿˿ҲЦŵҲŮ˵̫ˣ̲ס
ӵģ㲻֣ҲҪҲʶ鲼
׵ͷһҵǺϸ뷨һ£
鲼ߵǸүүĸǰүû°ɣ
ûû£Ǳһ£ϸ첲ȵĲʱඣүү¶һ˿Цݵ
״Ӷͳ˼ǧǮݸϴүϴүǮţûʲô飡
ҲҪǵǮϴү̰ڰִ֣ӵ˿ŶоȻ𾴡
˼ӣԼŮ·Ǯûе£˼ȻܹԼĵߣ  ѵֵ˼ƾԼͶ׬Ǯνµˣ
үҲмǧǮŸСöԳ԰ɣ鲼ӿȥԣû뵽־ȻôĴ󷽡
ǻүүҪ鲼ӷ˻ŰǮˣ
Ǹڵ໿޺İɫŮӣƺûκ˴˶Ҳ
Ҳǻã  ҲǸŮһĽѵѣûи϶Ǻòˡ
ֵܣߣԵ֣˾ϲѡҽˡ
鲼ӿ׼뿪ҲЦеߵ׵ĸǰ
ЦŵͳϸľٶֵҲˣڻ£
绰ֵܣƬ
鲼ӵݸһƬƬȥƺξͦߵģ̽ɫƬϽӡг¹֣
ϸ磬ҽף绰ǡװԼĵ绰һƬʱûУΪʱCһˣҲûд
ʱ£˼ˣ¹ʵ
ɣһCУ˵飬ҹܲܰæġ׶ڳ¹ƵҲûʲô
ϾֲʶҲûʲô壡
Cоôطʲôϵ֨Ȼҳ¹ƻĲզЩӵģ
¹ƵĻ˵Ĳ¶ǣóӦûò
ԽˣƽʱȥԽ͵
¹ƶҲͼǮһϴ鲼¿¾Բᳬһٿ飡  ղ׿˿ԼƬ¾һƬͼֵˣ
ڼϸղǸİŮӵ̬ȣûһ˾Բܸղôţģ
УҪĻʱϸ۾Σ
׵ҲûʲôȻҪʲô̫İģЩýҲͦõġ
¹ҲûǿȥԷʲôģ˼ҼȻµĻԼҲûбҪǿ
Се˼
뿪¹ҲЦЦⲻƼˮꡣ
ȻղŴҶܿɳ¹֪ҲԺһһμĻᡣ
ϾСѹҲCеˣ
뿪˸ղǸطհסھƵ֮Ҳ˵绰ϣ  ڼд飬⼸ļгϵʡ
ԼĸױסԺȻһծ
ﱻ˸ϡãԼĸҲϴ棡
лҪǷծ⳥ûмô̵һЩˣ  ֪Ϊʲôһʱ侹Ȼ뵽ףû˵仰˵绰
˵׻ǸѧʶһЩˣҲڽ
ɵȵϹ绰ָ֮оһʧ䣬Ϊ׸ûڻһ绰




240¸ж
 

ҪΪļ㹻ĻҲϼҡ
ΪһصϼҾͻᱻԼİ迪ʼԼ顣
Ҷôأ  ԼĸĸԼôϲǵ߶ǻȥˡ
ס
ڵ绰ͷȥϲĸоԼ˶ˡ
һҹ֮Ҳĵˡ
Աأ
ֻһˣ֪ϵסʲôط  Cأϼˣ΢΢˼һµ
һţҲCУ
ŶϱܵŶһתһ벻ԣæ㡭CУôܣ
CУЦŵⲻ״̬Ҳô
ϵѾЩ΢΢㡭㲻Ҫƭҡ
CУȻܼ
ȻֻԼѧⲢʲôܹһԼǣԼˣϵһӻ
ӵĺƭԼĻԣ˵ĻԲΪµĶ  Ҫô˵أЩε˵Ҷ֪㵽סʲôطԱͬ־
ҡȥ㣡ҪȥҰ緹Щ˵
һ츮ʾƵꡭ׻δ䣬Ͼ͵ҡ
˿̵ϣĳָж
Լһ绰׾ȻʹQиϵCУ˵жǸ  ƺôһССĿܣΪʲôΪ˵ʦϵ  ʦϵȥ·ЩĻ¹
ϸ״绰ʱ򣬲ΪԭʲôҲû˵͹˵绰  ϵļг˵ıʣһʱҪ׽Ǯ˿ڣ
ʵϼ˵׾Ǯ⣬Ǯ·ʲôܹӭжˡ
ȻһǮﵹӢۺοһԼĸǷµĿɲֹһ㰡  ϲԼΪ׿Լҵӡ
ԭȥģΪ׵ĵѡ˴򳵡
һ뵽֮ǰͬ۴ѧʱ״ʱ龰ٳ⳵ϵҲǲԾЦ˳
ܿ죬⳵͵츮ʴƵ꣡  ΪʵĻϼҵҲǱȽϲˡ
ȻˣҲֻܹǲѣ  ף˰
Ͽ׵ʱƺһӷһЩ˿ԸԼܶİȫаɡ
Цŵ˵˵һ룬һΪʲôأ
ôں˵𣿡ɫһʵ
ʼ磬Ȼ׷ʲô鰡
ԥһµǡǸҰˤһӣסԺأҡ
飿
Ȼǲ˵ĻЩ׾֪Բ˵ôɵġ
˽ģһô͸Եˡ
ǿһ˿ЦݵҪȻҰѷ͸Ұ֮㣿
ĽӹеķˣȻȻˣȻҲҪȥ˵زذɣ
㡭㲻ȥ
һЩżˣһմȥţ¼ֲ˶ãԼ迴ֲ֪Ҫʲôˡ
΢΢һЦôȥ˰ôҲѧҽЩˮ׼ģ
ļٵģѧҽ
һֵϿʼˣһǸ˴ϲҲԼΪʲôһԭ
΢΢ͷ߰ɣˣкһؿɶȥ
⡭Բ˳ġ
֪ȥҽԺĻԼĸĸ׾ըˡ
ҪƽʱĻҲˣ  ʲôʱǼ޴ʵʱ  ʱԼһ˹λˣʱԼĸĸ¶Լˡ
˵ɶأ׿ֹӣҲЦʵ
ɫһûû ȥȥɣѾˡҿɵøһ㰡
ʲô׸汦һĿϡ
ϳʱҪǰļҵʸ飬ɲҪҰҵġ
׹һֵ˵ͬ־ҵһ
㡭㻵
ϺȻԼðһԼѵģֲһģߵԼذ
һʱϸоԼҲǽķˡ
˲УģϽԼĸ첲׵ĸ첲ϣһ¡
ʵϣһϵʵҲһԼĵб
׵ͻȻ֣϶һ˸Եת䡣
ãԼر̤ʵ




241ҽ
 

CеҽԺסԺ
ϵĸ־סطʱͷϰһһɴҲЩ̾
ͷӰô찡
˵ϵĸ׺ᰣд˵֮ɫ
ֳô죿ƼǷĹ̿һֱ
ΪʲôҪ㰡֮ǰŮһֱڣֱˣҶûʣ
ᰶ֪úõķʲô飬ŵ֪һЩ㲻ԼϹһֱص˰
Ǹͷ˹Ҫİɣ֮ǰ͹ƼźΣǮǺˬġ»һܼ࣬˵ǴܵСӡ
̾һʵγ֪ǮҪأ
ֻƼŴܵСʵ̫ˣ
һḶ́ǷͲ̸ˣ̾׬ʲôǮ
һȥҪǮʱǸܼĸԼ˵ҪõҲԣøԼʮ
һȻҪʮ򣡣
ǮĻǮһֱš
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ֲǸͷ΢ᣬܲܲһֵܷʰɣ  Ϊյȥ˸  ־ô˵ƼŵһֱͦõģһҲϺܾõġ
Ȼ˿ʱˣƼžǲɿڣ  ָоһĻţͼˣŸ˿ɲʲô֮
ȻûǮôǾͲˣ
֮ԱǾΪ˸Ĺ˷˹ʡ
ԼȴĬĬĳʹ࣡  ˵ʵʱĺһĻҲûôˡ
ǹƼŵ˲ǮֲǷǮʱһܵƼǱȥҪǮˡ
᰿ֵ㰡㣬֮ǰ͸˵ҪҪǲں˰ɣŮô찡ûмذ
˹ҪǲԺ˭ɰΪƼҲϸ£ԼϢˡ֪ǡ
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ҵȻ֪İɣɫЩ
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һҽԺǶƴմôһǮסԺġ
ʱȥˣǮͼˣִҽԺ֪֮ͨͻؼˣ  ˭ֵļ
ں᰺ʱ򣬴ǵһŰ״ӵӣӵĺ滹վһСʿ
ҽҾҾǡ
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ǼѾǷ˲ǧǮҽҩѺסԺˣһ°ɣ
ҽȥʮͷ̬ȵҲͦġ
һԵһŰɫʿСʿҽӡ
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ҽ̲ѧܸߣҽ˵Ҳܿԡ
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ʱһ̲˵ˣҲЩ۷Ź˵ֵСģһǱŸ˸˵ģûǮء
ûǮûǮסʲôԺⲻǿЦ
̲һͨˣβǮǾҪǮġ
ҪȻЩѧҽҪˣ
ҽǻ죬Ǽ飬һʱЩת
ΧܶಡǶԼ᰸оһĴʹ
ҲһҪӵŮˣԼϹĻҲǺˡ
ȻѾˣֻܹˡ
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ĻƺЩ̫ˣҲû˵ȥ
ʱŲ̲ҽǱ¸ǷϻˣǸǮˣ
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ǮǺŪס棬ǮߣҲҩ
ʱ˵Ļúܶ˶оһ󼹷
ֺͺᰶĿǰˣûκεİ취
ȥոǧǮǵʲôطȥոأ
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᰿һ֣Ҫǰ̲˵ҽ㣬Ǽͷӵ廹ûкãס氡
ʱ𣬺Ұᡭ
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242˭˶ģ
 

CеҽԺĳڣ  һӿɾʿǿеİεϵ롣
ƾôĿధǾǲɿڣ
ûǮʲô鶼У
ʵ׻ƵҽԺܹůĵط
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ȻˣҲܹһӴɺܶʱҽԺҽͻʿȷӵġ
ᱻӣºУ
ʿֻкһ־磬һԵĲ̲ԳվǱߡ
ϲıݣΪʱоһȣ
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Լĸǲϵİţ  衭
һǰ龰һӳ˳ȥ
˭Լĵﱻ˵裬ǲܹƵġ
Сϡ
᰿ԼŮɫҲ൱ѿ
ʵֺͺ᰿һӣװԼŮͷһǸоԼԲľԼŮ
裬Ǹʲôϵ
ʲôǽǮǮΪҽԺʲôʮֻᰡʱ¶һ˿Ц
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ǰλŮ۴ʡĻǴӳǶǷǳԼı׼İ  Ե֣  ̲Եְ  ʲôҽԺǻûһˣ
̲˳ɨһһԵļʿ˵озţ棡  ľϵĸǰһԼ
ҽʱЩƵĿŲ̲
̲ʲôˣ֣ǸҽҽְΪ˿
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ΪʲôҪ绰Цһ
һԵĿͿϵλ˼ҿҽɲܹﰡ˵ˣǼ⿴Ǯ
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̲ϵӵС㣬ʱҲ⣬Ǯ
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ŶӺ˹̲֪һҪʲô
ôôļһأ
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һ˵Ҳ߯ˣʲô󡣿ԼҲԣٶ𣬲֪ж˸Լܶء
ǰŮҪǳƯһĻǾһǴ  ԼܹŮģ̲Ů˰˱ĸ֣Լǿǳĺġ
˵զΣ˭˵Ķӳģ
˳һܣɢһ˿â  ˭ҲϿ϶ӵ
ˣ
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ɫߺĿԼĸףһҲ֪ôشˡ
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ܹԼϰ˸ˣ  ⡭Сӽɶ
ʱѾôǰˣҲǳһ𾪵״̬֮С
ԼŮȻ̸ˣһԼг˱ʵ£Ȼ˼СӸˣʲô°  ̣ҽף㺰С־ˡ֮ǰС˵˵飬ҲľʹQиϹˣ
׵Цݣȫ͸ղŶǰҽʿʱӽȻͬ




243ŲԺ
 

Сְǲ˼㿴Цˣ
ᰵ¶һ˿εЦݣ¹үţû뵽顣
һԵϵһףȻźᰵ裬ʲôЦģ˭ûе鰡Ҫǿ߾˺ˣ
׿ЦһŮҲͦТ˳ģҪԼĸĸǰֳԼǿƵһ棬Լĸĸġ
ȻҲϵĺܣܿתͷ˭ǵĶӳģ
̲¶һ˿䣬иоһĿ䣬·ԼʲôİĶһ㡣
ոտһŮû뵽ȻѾжˣ  ʱ𿴵̲ʱҪһĲҽƨ
վӵģôˣûǮǾʰˣҽԺĹأ
ܴҽԺЦһҰѶһһôӳģôŻȥ
ǵǽǮʱмĿ˿׵ˣҪǮĻͽǮˡ
õȵڣ  ϵŮиǮѵĻǼһᱻŪӣ  ʱǲţʱȻѾ˺ˣôҲܻͷˣ  ʱ̲ҽ϶ҲмԼ˵ҽһԼҲǲܰ
˵ǮԺ쵼׳
㻹ҽԺԺ쵼Ҳ䣿̲ôţҲЦһ
Ͽ˿ףǰ׵ף㲻Ҫ嶯Ұ軹Ҫ߿أ
Уԭ⣬Ҫǲ尢̵ǸԲܹˣ
̬쳣ļܹܵ۸ǲܵġ
Ҳ˵һûУе߶ռëǮıˣ
ӴС֣ͱ¹ˣҸˣ׼ؼ
Ҳܹ˵ԼûǮɣȻ˼ѾѻˣôԾ׼뿪ҽԺˡ
ҽԺһ죬ǻɶǧǧġ
ҪƽʱĻҲˣ  ǵϸòôǮҪԼŮеĴĻҽԺˡ
һԵҲǵͷС֣Ȼȥ˵ɣ
ЩϵǮ˸Щ֮⣬϶ǻҽԺˡ
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⵽ûǮʹˣ
ûǮǵͲӲ
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ЦһŲҷַҽԺȥ
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˵ˣǰ˭ԸԼӸأ  ףҪЩһʶˡҲЩ̫˵˿ˡ
ҽҪҪ֪ͨҽԺıʱһĿŲ̲
̲ѱҲ˲һƣҿ첻֪Լʲôˣ
СС֣Ϊǵ̵
Լүǲڿ˼ҿΪԼؼҳͷ
һ˿Լܵˣ  İɣܵһһҲˡ
ʶϣҪǿ飬Ҳ̲סҪֵġ
οڵĹϵȻ̸£ǾҲԶˡ
ԼŮ۸ҪǲͷĻȵʲôʱ  һۿЩʪˣһ̣һվߣ·оޱȵů
ֺͺ᰿ôᣬҲǿ˿һԵϣΪҲûʲô취Ȱ˼ˡ
ףҪȻȽҵǮϿʵ
ҡҡͷǮ
ҡ
û뵽ԼһǮ׾ȻҡͷٶһӸоЩ²̨
һΪǸʲôһᵽǮˣŮ㿪ڣҽ㰡̲ԴƵĿϡ
ϵЩ΢΢״Ŀڴóһſ⿨ˢʲôǮ̫⣡
װʲôƣҲ֪⿨浽ûǮ̲׾ȻԼҲЩŭɶ
ףҡҾͽһͺˡһ׵ľٶָж
׿ϵǮǮһ˵尢ܵҪи˵ȸѴ绰һ°




244ͨ
 

ҽԺ룬ղ׽ʱ򿴵һϤˡ
˲ǱˣԼĵϣ
үүҽ̩ɽһ  ҽԺϣһϹѧĻ棡
˵ϵĵλ  ԭײҪô鷳ģԼȫһԲ˶ߡ
׽磬ҲͦϲĹ̵ģֱ㶵Ĵһһ٣Щ̫
绰ߣCҵҪҵ˭
̲мĿףʱ˵ġ
̲ȻǵҽԺҽǼҽϵͳĸǺġ
ĻҲ˵Ű裡  Ĳ˵Ҫϵͳ첻ȥǾԲܵġ
˵ˣⲻһʡļһҲҪ۸Լ  ׸ǲͨϵĵ绰
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˵ϣҽѧЩˣû˲֪ˡ
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ڵ׿ԼˣΪ׽粻̫úĻ׶Ҫµġ
ԼֻˣҲû̫⡣
ֻһֱ죬ҲЩͷ˿绰֮Ҳüİ룿
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ڸ˵Ҫǰ˵ĻԼǰ;Ҳ͸ˣ
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Ժˡ
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ӼβCеҽԺԺԺǿһԾŶ
̲Ժ˿Ǯ뿪ǾȻ£Ҫǣ
̲۾˵ϹˣԱߵЩ˾ǿ࣬˭ҽԺҽأ  ߣҵҪ˭ĵô󣬸ҶԺˣ
Ӽβ̲ô˵Ҳһ䣬ϾŵԺ




245ֻһҪ
 

˼Ժˡ
ԭΪûǮͲǺ㣬ڿ˼ԺˣĵӵĲˡ
Сְǲо͸ϽǮȻȥɣҲɫΪĵǡ
һԵɫǳסΪ˽׵Ƣġ
׿˿ӼβԺ
ҪԺҽģӼβǰëͷСӣҲдһ˿Ĳм
ĸҪҽԺҽˣѲɾƾԼ˵һ֮ʣһ
ҡ
Ӽβһӻûʲô˵鱾̲˵һ£ת˲̲
̲ԺҲ̲ʲôܲ𣿡
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׳ŭ  Ӽβߣ׵λСӣҪĻҽԺòԣԺǸ
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ס
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һҪΪ׹ƣоԼеһڶɢ˳
ܶԼҽĻ׶ˣ  Ӽβ̾һ˵Ĳ̰ҽԺĿǰõĸ߸ɲһǿŵģְţڲҽ⡭
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̲׾һҪ֪ҽԺǾǺ绽һ
û뵽컹һԼСӣСӻصġ
治֪һصͷ࣬ԼеǮͲ֪Լʲôˣ  ڲ̲ΪǸɵȱʱ ӼβԶ߹ˣɫѾǱֱ䣡




246˵
 

гôˣ
ӼβһĵҲһ飬ѲǸг΢˽ˣ
ĻҪøг棬ǵʱְˡ
Ӽβܹң
￴˿ӼβԺֵͦİ
гôһҽףҲ֪Ŀǰҽ֮ĹϵǺܺáӼβͷ˵
ʲôˣǿǸ߸ϵг
һ仰ܹڳκ˵ǰ;ݲӼβš
̬Ҳ൱Ĺ  ͷԺܹڵһߴ飬Һο·Ժ˳˳ЩսһߵİʹʸãˣҴҲӦõ
һǾǿ̫ˣ
ܶʱ˵λþģΪгԺܶεľͲһЩѹ
˿гȻͻȻԺҲǹ  ˵г鲻  Ҫ֪ƽͷϰһѿЩٵ˵ӰģЩ˳лҲǰӵġ
ĸɲܹһ˾ĵĳ˵Χ΢˽ݿ϶ǲΪˡ
лглгҽԺȫְӭгݰԺָ
Ӽβ˵ǻһһ׵ģϾôĸɲĻὲĻľ̫lowˣ
粻ɣߴҽϵҲѧϰѧϰҽͻ֮䵽״ʲô⣿һϴѵĿⰡҪϵĴȡѵҪȡΪȺṩΪʵķ񰡣
˵ˮ©Ȼ֪˭֪ϿеסԺ¥㡣
סԺ¥㣬ĿǰΪ֣  ǸϾȷ϶һˣ  ֻȥҲûпһ˸оϿе  ڸУλӦʮϣ͸ߣôϵķأ  ܹ𾴵ˣһʲôСӰɣ  ΪĹøҲǲһ˿˿ǡ
λԺĲ̲ҽЩĦ˽ġ
ӼβԼ˽˵һ飬ǴһЩ˽ĵģûаѲ̲˵ôĲ
һӼβᵽֵʱҲһĿһס
Ҳ΢΢ĳŸͷøһ˲͸оӦþԼҪҵˡ
ֻ̫ˣЩˣ
Ͽеû뵽Ȼһˡ
ʱĸ϶¶ԺеʵǲǾʵȷ𣿡
ҡҲǸãҪһĵ飡
Ӽβɲұ֤ȻҪһ²̲˳˾һӣгˣɳеΡ
г⼸˿Ǯ׼Źҽͻʿֻ뿪Ǿ׼¡
̲һгˣ֪鱻г֪Ļ¾군ˡ
Ϊĸгһӡ󣡣  ô￴Цʵ
΢΢ҡͷһûҽµҽ˵Ļκһ˶ŵġгȻгΪжӦеİɣ˵ϻһ˿ѪǱǿаεͷµġ
ǿаεͷʵ
ʿεģЦһʵ
ʱ˿ѾŵЩ겻ˣﻹ˵ʲôٻ  гĿУǾĹˣ
͸ʱѾû˷ִ磡  ʱĭǣҰεġǡ
ʲôûκεǣ
ɫһǹģߵʱҲ൱ˣ  гҹ̲ܽϡӼβŵҲǸϽϴ
Ҵˣ鵽ô£ʲô󾡹ܸ˵
΢΢һЦġ
˵꣬ͰԭԭĽһ飬ȻгҵֻһЩûҽ£˵ûģ޸ĸҽͻʿҾþûбҪڴλˣ
Ӽβ
ȻЧʷǳĸˣϰ񣬸ο˼ռһ
ȻҪϺӣҲ֪ʲôͷء
г뽲ӼβЩ˵
΢΢Цµҽͻʿıʲô̿¼ã
ǣгȥ죬ȥ죡
Ӽβ̾һ̲Ҳǵ̫ˣʲôʲܹг΢˽ã
о̲͸һ㣡
˵˵ò̲뿪Ժû뵽ʵˣ  ȻӼβʵ̫ɺһ㡣




247»ȻӼβ
 

̲ǰһڣ
û뵽гȻ׵ľˡ
ӼβΨΨŵŵӣ֪ԼҪ군ˣ  гǿһԾŶҪǷˣԼ϶군ˡ
û뵽ǸһȻôĺãԼȻôĵù
ȴû뵽һ㣬ôɺϵأ  ̸ˣ
Ѿǰ϶ˣӼβҪ˼ɣʱҲòľ  гô˵˵ĻִУԼԺԺҪҪˣ  ͬʱӼβԼҲңҿ֮ǰûк˷ʲô̫ĳͻ
гֱֳ칫ԼߣĻôԼĿҲͽˣ
ӼβŲ̲ʱˣڿʼѾԺˣһԼȥһ£
̲ЩԹĿףĺȴһĿɬ
ΣҪ֪ɲһˣĹϵɶϵͳ
ҪԼ˵Ļı˻Ҳ˵
Һ⼸λ˼ȥİ칫ң
ӼβЩɻг鶼ˣȥԼİ칫Ҹɶأ
˰磬һ̽һԵʿǼϽȰλ͵߸ɲ
ӦǣղһĻǳԺǱߵˡ
ûˣԭΪԼ⼸һӻˣ
ϺַҲһͷˮֻǱŵ˸߸ɲ
ⱲҲֻ˵ʲô߸ɲĵʲôԼҲ
Ӽβİ칫ң
ǱЦŵ֮ǰӵϵĵ绰Ҿ͹ˡղ̫࣬Ҳûик
Цŵ鷳гˣΪС»һˣ
ϵҲ찡ԺҸһ£λϵ
￴ӼβЦŵȫû˸ղǹ¹ơ
ϵѣӼβûʲôˣ̫ˡ
ô˵ĻðŵίεķգҲðϵһѰ
ֲøгͻȻǰղŻǱء
ϣȻûԵ޹ʵİͺް  гͻȻǰԭĿԵģղ˵ò̲˼ʵǿ󣬶ǴĴţư
ӼβָоһңҪǸղԼŲ̲ʵĻôˣ
˻ຮһ£
һԵĺСĶϵСϣСǸɶİгʶ
᰻ŵòᣬǸղгʱ񾭶úܽ  û뵽гȻԼδŮľȱ
һӣͷתˣ  ҲһΣܲ˵Լѧɣ
۵裬ǸģʶʲôˣҲǺ
ҪúõĶ˼СְʱС
һԵ쵽ӸˣһֱӺԼϰ˵飬֪ôճأ  ʱӼβгģߵһǶṩΪʵķ񣬶ѵķ񣡣
ѵģⲻϹذɣЦʵ
ӼβǱˣǻǲϹءϵǾˣҲ̸϶ҽѧĹףͳ϶ԺĹףҲӦġ
ͷǰ϶ԺĹǾ޴ģҲԺ˲ֹһΣͲҪˣCУǾCеĿˡʲô˵ҵĵ绰
ݸһƬף׽ӹƬЦŵԺпгԷглȥĻʱҺСһҵĵ绰
ֱӱһ֣ûиԼһʲôƬ
ֻ˵绰ȻЦŵҼˣȥⲻ鷳Ǳ߻мҪһ£ȲˣԺҸһ񣡣ǾǷȫҡ
һһӼβСһĵͷ
Цתϻкֵַˡ㣬Ϊ˵ĹʧְǴĲ㣬ҴǵǸϣCܹĿġ
Ϻͺ˶оЩֲֻܹ΢Ц̬ȡ
ˣߵĺܴæ  ߵʹѾˣŸȥıӰ׺ϵҲ뿪Ӽβİ칫ҡ
Ժ߸1Ų
һʲôֱǿǼˣ䡢칫ʲôһоС
ϵ˽ʱ򣬸оǽ˴Ƶһ  壬߻𣿡Цʵ
Щֵ̿˵⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ҲһԵǰҲ̫ˣ
ЦŵͰסɣҲûǮʲôˣ֮ǰС˵˴ˣô£




248۸ƽͷ
 


ֱʱһͷɥӡ
׻˵úãҳ󲻿
ο⻹ԼŮһδŵ¹үǰأ  ֱһΪҪˣȻǲԸ̸ġ
᰿šͣЩƵ˵ͷӣˣ㻹ҪǸʲô
һԵһϸ˵ˣǾϸҲǺġ
ԥ˰֮һʧǧźް
˵꣬Ͱ渵  ֮ǰΪƼǷǮԵʣȥһ˾һ
ԭȹƼŵǮһˣͰ˾Ǯ˵ġ
ΪƼŲܼٳٲǽˣԭĸѾ޷ܵĵزˡ
׳ԭǾǸѪһֻҪǮ֤ҵ
ǰ֮ǰ뾡컹˵ģҪȻҵЩֵһǮҲòҲܰ
˵׻Ǹʵˣ˳Ŷȷǳĸߡ
ϳƼŵʲôܼҲ̫Ǹ˰ɣôĹ̿ȻҰҪʮ򣿡
̾һ˭˵أѪһһݣ
ЦЦ壬齻Ұˣĵˣʱȥˣһоͺˣ
Сְ׷ծĿɲǸղЩҽͣǿǲġһǵ˵
Ҳûκεİ취Ѿûˡ
ֻаϣոʶһСʱδŮˡ
Ҳҿղź˵ˣŮˣȻʶгҪȻĲԼδŮ˻ˮ  С֣ҲҪˣûа취š᰿ףҲһ˿˿İ֮ɫ
ظ尢̣ǾͷİɣҲܵʲô˺ġ
ЩӯԼڶѾ൱ˡ
CģС˾
С˾ֽǮĹ˾ʱǮʱǸˬ쾢ͱˣ
·ǮΪģٺ֮ǰˡ
ûǮȻǱծȻǱҽԺмҲǼһʱġ
ڶ˾˵Ǿ飡
Ǯǿɲ£Ҫ֪Ǯ˻зͳʲôĵѺߡ
ܹ֤ջسɱĻô׵ľͰǮȥأ
˾ϰƽƽͷ磡  CһҲһCط۸ӡ
ľ۸ᣡ
Cе۸ǿȫģƽܹôãʵҲΪ۸бֵԭ򣡣
Ȼˣ۸ΪһӴ֯ϵҲǴ۸ӡ
۸ĵȼǱȽϵķȻֲֻ࣬Тĸ֣
ܹŵϱֵģѾǷǳˡ
ܶ۸ҲȶѣҪΪ۸бÿڵˣҪʵ˵ġ
۸ǰѾǽȻͬˣ
ڵ۸᲻ǰĿڸĿصȴûǮ
˸죬ҪûǮĻǾ̸ˣ
˼Ҹ죬ΪǵҪûǮܸƨ
ƽڵӹĺУֵżʮֵܣС˾⵹Ҳ൱ĺ
ڶǿڵģоԼݵξͲһˡ
ƽͷ磬һһŮ˵Ҫ㣡
ƽԼ칫ҵϰϣ̸оһС
һһŮʲôͷ
ƽбۿ˿һԵĴ߸ʵ
ʲô·֪˵Ǯģ߸һЦ
Ǻ°룡
ƽԴС˾֮оԼ˶һˡ
˵ÿ춼սɣҲǲˣ
⼸ʱ䣬ƽѾǹˣȥǶǺ͡
˵׻Ǹı䲻ĽϰһϰߣǾκλǮ˵ֻҪڣ϶ԽӴ
һϲ£
׺ⶦ˾ʱѾʱˡ
ƽİ칫¥һ¥ȥûʲôһ͸оǳ档
ɵϵ¥֮СȶӶʼˡ
Ϊ¥һ¥ȫǽȻ෴һǴżףȴ¶ʽ
һ֪ʲôĵط
֡ףҪȻֱӰǮˡ
ЩˣԼĸױ֮ѾӰˡ
ϵļأ£
ţ
ϵͷƺ׵仰Īܿİ
׿˿Ǽϴڵˣ΢΢䡣
ݣСӣǰɣ
һͷϻһԵ̵ӣ׾ȻҶԼۣһӱŭ

׿ŴˣǷһ˿Ц̬̫ء




249ʵ̫
 

ӴǣСҽӹ
п׾ȻĸҸԼа壬ûɢһ˿˿˷֮飡
̸磬С椳ĵǲŶһԵһݸ߸ϣоܹϸˡ
ҲǳĲǰ͹̵ģҪүڴϹĻǸо
δ䣡  žž  ˶ΪĶ⣡  Ϸϣ˿»񣡣
ٿǵУƯҶһ㣬ŶǽϺݺݵײ˹ȥ
¡  һʮذϣоҲЩˡ
˵Ŀⶼ˱ɳȥĵУ˿ԱߣɢżŸոձ  ̫ˣ  ˶ֵƸסˣһʱ䣬˶˴˿ӦҪλ̸籨ġ
Ҳû뵽׾Ȼط֣ѲɲҪ  Щһȥ֮ͽһ㣬ȻҶ֣  ǳıӵ˰
Ȼͷǰòľս
ʶĳ׵˶㣬һЦȥǵͷͷ
˵žͳƽİ칫˹ȥ  ǵ󣬸һˣһǱ׸ղǿŵòǰ  ƽڰ칫棬ĶҲվ  ǲǰСˣƽЩŭĿһԵĴ߸
ǰɣղŽǸŮĳƯ߸ЦŵֵǰֵܺټôƯģŮʶǸֵŮ
֣ǸǷһûǮǸƽʵ
ǰ֮ǰȥʱǼʮǼҵķӾģҲֵңǲ
߸𿴿ɵģһ˵ͦġ
ȷǹǮģƽʵ
ƽͷ磬Ǹеʱô˵ģ˵ˣƾ뵽ǵĵϸ飬²̫ܣ߸
͸˵湫˾˼ǮǾҪúдܲסԼ⣡
ƽһ쳣ĺǲ˭Ǯȥأ  ֻҪܹǮģǾԼԺǱڵĿͻ  ͻϵۣ
仰Ѿ뵽ƽͷǿɶǲүԼԵĺȵĻ˼Ҹģ
뵱ԼձѵʱǴɱɱ׬Ǯ  Լһ꼸ǧȵģһҪĸĻһǣ  飡
ƽǱ߷źݵʱȴԼѾǱ߿ˣ
ģ˭
ƽû뵽ԼžȻˣҪ֪Լĵ̰  ֻ׺˴˽һƱԼֵܡ
ݣС˵˭ӵţˣ
ƽʵҲ֪˭ôҲû뵽˽ŵ˵Ű裡  ԼҲҪװװӰɣ  Ҫ֪ǵĺ棬ǿԼöֵܰ
ƽ׿ǰӣʵ
СӣôǴ˵أ
߸һߵǰ棬վ׵ĸǰƺ׼֡
׿˿߸һû˵ķݣ
ţ  Եţ
ƽ˿ҲòǰСӣſ³Сû˭˰
Ҿƽ
ʱƽ˵İ裬侲ˡ
ǷǮʵ
֣
ƽĨһ˿⣬ղŴ߸˵ģû뵽⻹Ǹ߹ݵİ

еȥһ޿ֵӡ
ߣȻǮģѼ뱨ƽЦһ
ƽͷ磬ղСӰѵ̸ȥˣ
׵ʱ򣬸ղǸݸ߸һĭȥЩδ  ƽǳסҪһһĽģ
ҵ뷨һͬЦ
һǷ򣡣߸ɫĿףдһ˿ƣ  һ򣬻򣬵Ҳƽ
ĻһһԵƽоСǲ񾭲Ժûйغãոձųˣ
һ⻹ƽƽԼʵ̫ˣ  㻹ûֵܵҽҩѡ󹤷Ѻ;ʧѣټҰ칫ҵķðɣҿû²˰
ƽ˵УҪô涼У
򣿣Ҳ׻ôƽˮ
һԵ϶ˣ׵ף򰡣أ
˵ĺܣЦ΢΢һЦɫܿľˣǿɾͲܽˣ
һ⻰ƽɫ࣬ǿˣСӾǹģ




250а
 

С˾¥  ƽİ칫ڴʱۼ˺ܶˣ˶Ĵ֡
ƽʱǰƽʣһֵڵˣûǮóֱӾͽִˣܰߵĶȫߡ
ЩûǮ֧ˣǺڵϢѾǳһܹܵķΧ
ܹѹեһһ㣬ŵǷѾǹǵ£Ҳܿˡ
ʱֻҪһǮǻǵģ  ׬˭Ըȥأ
ЩҲһܹģûһǵʱ˭أ
ŪСӡ
ƽԭΪԼס˾ƣСӿ϶װǻơ
ûɲʲôжô¡
ûǮͲҪװ棡  ߸˺ܿΧףǿǰôݲСӣҪ߷죬Ǿǲܵģ
ţǻţ  ȥɣ
߸һȭֱӳ׵ŶȥҪһȭǰһ
ղ׶˵Լûʸ˵
ô߸൱ߣҪǸղƽŵĻͶˡ
һԼϰ˵ҪŪСӣ߸Ȼ岻ݴǵĳ˵һ
Ͽ˶֣ŵһ㶼ҶϾǸŮˣ˿ܹʲô취أ
ֻܹĿױ˴ˣ
ЩûڣΪԼ֪һ嶯ˣһ˵˾ߡ
ȻˣҲû뵽νĵ˾澹ȻôĴߡ
Ҫ֪Ļ´Ҳһ˹ˣ
١
׿Ŵ߸Լ򹥻¶һ˿Ц
ܿ죬ȭͷҲѾǶŴ߸ȭͷķĹȥ  ٶȿȥΪˣ
飡
˫ȭ  ˶סˣСӻţ棬߸Ⱥǿ൱ţġ
ڳ˼ǵȴյĽܶѾñӵף
СҪ߸ֱ۵Բ  ʱ侲ֹӣ
ǲ
ƺζ˭Ҳ֪е˭ֶˣ
֮󣬴߸ıͻȻһʹ𽥵Ŀʼӵȫ  ˵ֱʲôĶһ㣬һʼһĸоûС
һʱ֮󣬾ͻоһʹ  ڵĴ߸ô£  ˿ԼԼ֣ɫףͷ϶ð亹һ̱˵ϣ  ̹ǵʹһʧȥս  װȻվм䣬б˵һϣ
ǿƣ  ѿڶ֣˶סˣһսȻ˵Ŀֲ  ԭ˰϶ÿ϶ûһʱȻ״  ƽƤֱղһĻϵԼԺи֣һôôǿ  ⿪ûлͷʱƽҲ֪ôֵǰԲܹˣ  Цһǹҳӵİ
׵ͷ¶ˣ
ֵǣϣ
ƽҲ֪Ȼ֮˰ѻѾˣôҲûɲȥŪˡ
ܿ죬һ˾Ͱ׸Χ  ƶ˵и£  ŵһ˳׹ܿͿһĳ棡  һ˿վǱߣЩ׼ˣһķȥȻصƽ칫ҵĸ棡  ԭļʮˣ˲䵹˽ʮ  ʣµǰ㿴ңҿ㣬Ȼûһٸǰˣ
а
ʵ̫ˣ͵Ƕʼˣ
ϻôܴ  ǼʶˣڻûмиܹĴһһȭ
ٶȣֱ磡  ݣСӣʲô·ƽҲǳ׵ɵˣôȥ»  ׿˿ƽ˵Ǯ
ֵܣǾ㽻ѣ˵ǮҲҪ˻𣿡ƽ
Ѵ˵˽˽ˣ׵Ȼ
һԵϻ֮УôҲû뵽׾Ȼôܴ
˿̣ϵУǹѾˡ
ûа취ȥûףԼһҵĺ׻ʲôӣ  ƽ˿׵ƽҲֳֵܵˣֵܶҵġҪ׵Ļǿ»ң
㣿һ˼ǲˣ
ƽǽ˵Ŀ⣬Ҳǲһ£ôҲ۸ˣȻеġ
ƽҲжΣƼŵĲܼܣǿǼܵСӣҿﲻ𣡣




251Ļʹ
 

һƦå±ˣ
ײмĿƽһжεĹһ
ȻҲ֪Ǹܵ˿϶Ѳ˹ϵģѲɻǸܵģ  Ƽŵǿ۸ֱĴ缶Сܲ
ƽҲƵĺܣΪһԭĻẦһϰˣ  ۸ȼɭϣ
ƽٺãҲТĸ͵Ǹֱġ
¹ǿֱģ۸еĵλȻһģҲܹŽǰλġ
ֱһУֻˡ
˿ν۸ȨˣSCʡӰΪǿ
Ƽ˵ɣŵҵ൱ĴSCӪҵУҲǰɫ
ƽźòƼȣǾС׼ˡ
˺ɫ̰ƣһý򰡣
ĽǹƼŵܣԼô˼Ҷ  Ȼ֪ƽ߽ǮȥҪǮʱصظԼ˵ʵǮǽġ
ʶƽֲǮ԰  ƽȥծƵͶ·ô죿  ƽһΪܸìܣԳֵʱһЩ
ҪȻƽĲԸ⶯֣ܹƽĽһǲᶯֵġ
ϾģֲȥǮģ
ÿµϢҲոģֺαظ˼ҹȥأ
ĳ¹Сӵƨѡ
û뵽һƨĵˣ˼ŮǸ˰ֱǸڣ
Լô˱˴һһ㶵ģҲֻܹˡ
ҪôȥĻԼҲñˣ  ӹϰˣ˭Ըȥɱɱأ  Ļʹܣбȥ˰
۸᣿üʵ
ϳף۸ʵǿģӦ֪İɣ
۸ҵȻֻ֪û뵽ھȻһɣҲƵʵ
۸һֱڰʼ
˼ûɶϵ׿ƽʵ
ƽЩε˵˵ֵܣÿ°ʱǮôǮҪĻûа취
Ȼ˵ĻȥƼһˣܡ
磬Һ绹治ȥҲȥƽһЩ˵
Ƽʲôط  ǿֱĴĵطҪǳ¹Ƴϴ֪ԼСӵĻǵʱԼеĻ
˼ұϾһˣԼôǶǸˣ  ǸʲôֱϴѲͲңǺǣôȻҲܹô
ЦһɲвƽһôҲӳԼָɽˡ
ҪҲһֱطİɣ  Ҫ֪иҪҪβһ壬ֵ޴ҪĽȾβһ壬ǻδΪĵ֮һ
ν۸ᣬΪֻһ׽Ľ֯ѣΪ壡  ۸ˣȻҲ۸ߵˡ
Ĵԭ  οԴͷΪʲô۸ֱ˵Сܣ  ֵҪôҵĻҲǸɾͲҪ֡Ӵ
ƽӲһĻû˵꣬ĲѾǱһֻ
Ҫ֪ƽҲиһ߰ʮﰡ
˼һֻɵľͰƽͷˣ˭õ
һ԰ŵĴ߸˿Ҳǵɴ۾һĻƺЩʹ
ȥȥ
ƽո׼ӲһѣǿǰܿͰ
оԼѾûκεĵˣҪԼǰ˵˼ĻԼԶˣ  ջԼȥԼҲûʲô̫Ĺϵ
ֱϴҲýɣ  ˵˵ȥǶСָʹģԼŪҲŪ˼ңֱϴҪǾͽˣ  ƽûˣѾǰˡ
Ͽ׵ףҪȥƼŰ֪ģʵۺҪȻҿǾʹ»СС»˰ɣ
ƼŵûʲôֵĵطߵȷΪʽתѵǮòȻȥǵ鷳˭ûиѴأǲǣǵۿͣǹأ
׳ЩѾͻĵߣ˵ʲôƼܵСӡ
ֱԲܽһϷ
ΪҲǻµһ  ðɣҾЩ㡭
ϲǲΪԼĸױ˵ʵСˣԼ޲ȥϸš
ûµģھȥһ׳




252±
 

ƼţλCģ
ƼŵܲƴãCеĵرԽ֮һҪ֪ƴһʮ˲㣡
ƻֺĽ˵˹ƼűĲ൱ۺ
һãǾͼֵٸˣ
ƼҪӪҵеزͶʡԴȣԵ֮㣬Ҳǳġ
ĴˣҲͶˣ
˵ףƼȻĺܴ󣬿źܶʽľӪģʽ
ҵһЩ߹ܣ϶ǰŵļˣ  ˵ⰲż˲ãҲǲβ룬кܶĲƽ棡
ҵִҵĹƶȱźܴġ
ָ֡磬ҪȻ
ƽ˹ƴõſڵʱ򣬼һԵ϶ԿóĽš
ʮֺµĶĻֳʽԲӵġ
ƽҾҲһԿƵˣҶˣʲô𣿡Цһʵ
ƽ̾һָ磬ҲȰһ䣬һܳ˿Ժأıֱϴ󰡣ǿ˵仰CоҪ
ǺǣûСӻͦȻ֪ңЦЦ
ƽʼҲûа취ҪƼţһȥˣǿɾͶûкڵĻ˰
㺦ˣЦʵ
磬ܲǿ۸ϴĵ̰ƽƵ˵
ЦŵҪ㣡
ȥ
ƽû뵽׾ȻԼôһ䣬׵ѹȣҲһɬ  λ
ſڵǰ̨׵˽Ҳ΢Цʵ
ܣ
׿żɽ˵ΨһĿľҪѣ  ҪܼࣿûԤԼǰ̨С΢Цʵ
׿˿ǰ̨ûԤԼй̿
ǲ˼ûԤԼʱȥǰ̨Сҡҡͷ
׿˿ƽ绰
ƽЩΣҲûа취ֻܹ绰ܡ
һ˵ƽȻͬ⼸ˡ
ǰ̨Щ˿׵Ѿõܵͬ⣬ǵǷǳߵ˵ſڣδṩ˷
ܵİ칫ڵ56㣡
űǹ˾ⲿ֮һ56㶼ǲ񲿶
⵹Ҳ֣ΪƼŵҵΧǳĹ㣬ҪĲԱȻҲ١
硭
ƽ׵˱ܵİ칫ңܿȥʮ꣬Ƿǳĳȡ
Ϊ׵Ѿ˽Ϊ˵Ļ»Ϊ˻ǲء
ƽͷôпյλεİܿƽ΢΢һЦһԵϵʱð⡣
磬ҡҴѹġƽЩŵĿܣһӶ֪ô˵ˡ
ѽѽλŮ
δ˵ֻܵѾ׼ǰˣ⵹һ
ŮǶǺܶ˹עĶ  οܱǵòȻαأ
ŵȽ֣ͣ  ҪпܵĻҪǰŮ˸°Ѿ˷Ӧˡ
ܵѾûƽףһԵƽаһãСͷˣȻ֪
Ȼ
׵һֻѾǰգǰɣ
ƽͷĹðΣ
һע¼ˣһܼǶǿԵġ
Ψֱܹļ߹ܿԺС֮⣬ǾԲеģ
û뵽ǰŸԼֵСӾȻƻԼȥ͵Ļ᲻㣬ֱԼ֣
ôܹˬأ  磬磬⡭λָ硭ƽԽп࣬ҪҷԴ¶ˡ
ָ磿԰Цһ
žžž
³ѾǿԤˣһҰѾ׳ͷһ
ܵűˣ˼жҲȥ棡  ΪƽʱܼһΪǿƵˣǿɲϣùͷ  㡭ʲô
û뵽һ˵־Ͷ֣ôҲû뵽ڹƼţȻ˸Ҹ֣Ƿˣ  ˵Ĺ̿Ҫʮ򣿣ЦһһͲˣҾչ̿ģ
㡭Ҵң
һҪ̿ģ˶סˡҪ̿ˣڶôأ  绰ð˵Ұ칫ұˡ
˵ܷ꣬˵绰˷·һĿס
һﾹȻҴԼʲô  ֻȴûд׵Ͽκξŵӣ




253۸񻰣¸磡
 

ƽͷ㾹ȻҴ˹ңÿģ
ŭɶĿƽԭΪƽ׼ֺԼġ
֪ԼϲŮһξȻһŮ
ôҲû뵽ԼȻڹƴ汻˴ˡ
ǳ裡  ⱲԼĳ  ˿ѾʧȥǣҪ˵˸ж˿顣
ҪȻĻⱲӾͰ׹ˣ
ƽɫҰףһҲ̫ˣڹƼŰȻҲҶ֣  ѲԼֵߣΪΪ  СҪôǷӣҪôɵӣ  ƽʵ벻ʲôֿˣһЩҴ˵졭磬ᰡ
᣿˱Ȱܿɲʲô࣬ԼˣڻʲôģӾҪ֪֪Ϊʲô죡
ƽ׼ָ磬ָϸ
׵һеĿܵûȡѵˣ
أ
˲һȭֱӽһɷڵأǿвϵѪ
̫ˣ
ûκεĻذǰֱӰܸˣ  ƽԴоŵЩ̱ڵˡ
ʿˮˣ  ͷൽǴðİѲ֪ǹƼ
Ѳ֪Լǳ¹ƵСô͸߶ֵأ  Ҷֻôֱ׳  ϿҲΪǵ˵ףǺúø˵
Сͷռˣƣ֪ΪʲôԼᱻ򣡣
ЦһһƬ䣬ǰƼŸΣ  һҵĽŲ
ʮ˵Ŀⶼеܵİ칫ҡ
ⰲһ˽ʮˣ϶ǳˣ
ܵİ칫űƿˣһﴩŰƷ˽
ͷ˽£ȥʮ£ȳȣһˡ
΢΢бӣĿⶢ¿һᣡ  µЩرǸӣƺӦһֹ
ֻЩײ࣬ĿǰľҲͣ쾳ĳڣ  һս֮ͨ˶ԣҲ൱ˡ
һˣȻӳ˸оЩ֡
¸硭
ƽһˣ˻һ飬¸ʲôʵ̫ˡ
Ƽܳ¹Ƶǿڣû֮һ
¸ƽʱΪ˷ǳĵ͵ԸڹƴߵһССİӳ
֪¸˵ˣô൱ľ
ƽСô⣿
£۸ТֱԪϼҲǹƼܳ¹Ƶֵܼ汣ڡ
µǵʱ򣬱¹ȣ͸ų¹һ۸ᣬҴ˹Ƽţ
ȴ൱ĵ͵ƼҲǺ֪һ¡
Ҫǵһ߹ܣͣ±ȴ߹ܱĻ»û֪µʲôͷ  ڵĹƼţû˸ҿλµİӳ
ɲһССıӳҪ֪ǿ۸񻰴ڡ
ƽһ̵¸磬ҡҡ
С֧֧ľûк£˭ģ³һԵʵ
ʵϲ룬ҲӦ֪˵ˣ϶ǰˡ
ƽӣǸӣҲ
ƽʿˮҪָףһ뵽ǿֲ˹ս֮ Ϣȥˡ
ţȥɣǱǿкĶѣ
Ҵģ
׵Ҳˬĺܣ˿ûо֮⣬ȥһ˿Ƶζ
ְͦһǵһο˸ҵˣôֱ׳ġЦеĿס
һԵ¡¸磬ɵ
СҲӦñѵѵˣθԽԽˣƺ֪ܸʲôһ㡣
ܱɫ䣬֪ĻôԼĽ϶Ҳ֪˰
æ¸磬ɱǰϹ˵ҿһһΪǹƼŵķչŻѪ
Ҳôܣת׵Сӣʲô
ף׸ֶµһ˿ᡣ
ǣôŵĲ࡭µҲĺܡ
׿˿µһǷ˵򹤳̿ԹԵóҾͲǼƽϣŲҲƼţ
ǷôĿ
һ䣬û뵽һﾹȻôű˹  ԡ׵ȻһЦ
ҪϳŹʮغϣҾͷߣ¶һ˿Ц
ϲŵˣ
׿£һﵹҪ֪ѹҲûаеĻˡ




254
 

ƼŲ񲿣˿Ѿҳһţ
Щ˿ԽԽҲĵİϱˡ
Ͼ˸ڹƼŶִˣӹƼųĵһڻû˵
ʲô̾˹Ƽ㶼úúõˣ
ƼŵܵǸʲôˣܶڲ˶֪ǿ۸ֱĴмﰡ  Ҫ˵ƼŻʶ˿ܲû̫̫࣬һ˵۸ϴǿɲˣ
¸磬һﻹ֣ЪţҪȻ
ǰ¸磬ݲļһҪ϶ֿҲɣ
¸磬ҵǼУһУܹ
¸磬ɣСһȭƺ«ˣŸP
ʮԱһƻ𣡣  ΪڰԺܶ˶Ƕ൱Ŀ
Դһһ߹¹֮Ѿ˹Ƽ𾴵Ĳˡ
Щɶ¸İڰ˵仰ǾԵȨԵģ  һȥСǸѵģȻǹƶ֣ǲǶӳϿ
ҲǺܳʱ䶼ûжˣоǰЩر
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôϰ֮˵ϧ  ¾ǰˣƺѾĺս֮ģ  ʮ֮ڣ  ܹסʮеĻôԺǰ;
Ҫ֪ʵСôʱ򣬿ԼһжӲס
ѾˣҪСǸӵĻʱСӣΪã  ٿԱ֤Ƽżʮƽ  ȻڻڣͱϾһĴˣһԲġ
ѾʮˣȻȥʮ꣬ƭ˵ġ
Լ£¶һģȻʮ꣬ⱬըԵļƺʾԼǿʵ
ƽһԲҲ죬ҪǰĻ϶Ϊ°ٷ֮ٵĻʤ
ȴãˣҪ֪СҲڼİ  һ˵Լ¼ʮˣǺģ  ӵϣܹӮΪһµӮ˵ĻôҲ͸Ъˣ  Сӣɣ
°Ȼվ׵ĸǰŤ˼²ӣһ
ʹһɣôǵʱһҽҩѰ
⻰˵ɫһ࣬СӼֱܹ˰
ʲôˣݲӣܹԼҽԺֱЦ  ȻҪĻǿɾ͹ֲˣ
¶һ˿̵Цݣԭһ뷨׵һ仰׵ʧ  ಣ  һӰ̼Ѿ׵ĸǰ΢΢аЦ
ǰȭѾǺڵķ
ҪһУС֪֪ԼɸĲһ  죡
ʵ̫ˣ  ܶ˼ûпµôֵģ  ƽѾǱ۾ʵڲ̿Сӱ˴һʲô龰
ΪѾ뵽˽ԼҲǻᾭôһĻ˾Ͷ
Ҫ
ͣг˾֮ɫ
һȭҪǺ׵ϣ׻վҲԸ⿴ױ˴򣡣
١
ԭȭѾǽӽ׵ĸǰɵΪһоҪʱ
ȴһ־ʵǾԼȭͷѾ׵ǰ
оֲǣѾǸܵһɼǿıԼ
ϰ֮˵ıܣ  ٶ׵ʵ̫̫ˣ
䣡
һȭµĺ֮ϣǶߵķһ㣬ߵǽǺݺݵ˹ȥ
µǽײ𺳣ٿ¸ʱѾһȥ
޴ĳ˲ʧȥ֪⻹ˣֵĻǺҲ֪ˡ
ţã  ˵񼸺ˣǿ¸簡ǿ۸һ񻰰
û뵽˵ĸǰȻûߵһغϾ͹ˡ
˼ǾˣǲҲԸǰʵ
̫˿ֲˣ˵˭Ȼһȭͽ¸ˡ
ղŻһƬĲ񲿣˿쳣ݡ
˶ǾֵĿ׵˼û˸ҽӽɱһ  վ뿴ΧηηˣЦһ˭
ޱȣ  ˶оԼǰѹһ޴ʯͷѹȸһϢĸо
һԵѾŵöڱоԼҪˣϵĲĿɱ˰Ŀ⡣




255һŵ
 

ܣ
׸ոս´Ļ˹ȥͳһ
㡭ڹҾ͡
ŵòᣬһﵽǲˣԼû뵽¸Թ
֮ǰ¹ʱѾһ
ûɶ೤ʱ䣬ȴһεıӡ
¸类ǰһһȭ̵ˣԼòʣ⵽׻ǲ۸Ǹ񻰣  ʵѾǰݲȥ˼
ֻܹһߣһҪٱˣԼܳԵ  Ҹղ˵ˣ̿Ƿˣȥ˵Ǹˣ򡭡
׵ĺݻ˵ƨ¶ܹóˡ
̿Ҹ̾ȥ죡
ֻҪôʲô鶼Ըȥˡ
ΪһõĽĻ˿ºȥ
˭ҵĵ£
׺˵֮ʣſڴһϵ
ǾЩϤ̧ͷһԼҲЩˡ
ⲻ֮ǰǸ鲼
Ƽţ¹ƣ  Ѳôɺϣ˵ʵƽ˵Ƽŵܽ¹ƵĻô׻ӡ
ϾոչȥãҲǾò
ƽһֱֱ¹ƵĴΪǸ˾Ӧ֪¹ƵĴ
㣿üų¹Ƶ
¹һףҲһ㶣ղ˵˹£ҴԼСӣ
Ҳ־ŭ
˵ʵԼСǾûʲô
ڳ¹ƿǾǴԼ
˵ֵܣô¹ԭһӱˡ
ǺǣҽΪָû뵽־Ȼŵϰ壡׵Ȼ˵
ֵָܣƼ⻹Ǻܽġ¹Ƴ
Цһȷͦģ֮ǰΪǸܲˡڡ
ֵʲô˼¹ƵɫҲһ䣬ǻл
һԵѾɫףҪڴ֮ͥ°Լ˵ĻôԺԼеĻ  ѹҲҲ죬һԼĽһǸ˵־Ͷֵס
һߣǿﲻģֻܹĿˡ
ʲô˼СӰɣָָʵ
¹ƿܾ֪ʮа˾žСµ飬ֳʲô۶ˣ
֪Сӵı԰Ȼ֪ΪʲôҪ˷ĸλϣ
˵꣬ͰֱǷ̿˵˳
¹ƵɫԽԽѿ̲֮סֱӲϵһƷֱܵԴ֮ϡ
һ˲䣬ܵĶͷѪֱû֨
㻹ǸԭΪǿһ㹫˾Ǯû뵽㾹ȻҪˣ̵Щũ񹤵ǮҲҿ˿ۣ
¹Ƶɫĺܣڳ˶ûп¹ƷôĻ
Ҳһ㶣ٴĿǰ¹ƿ϶ǲ֪˵ɡ
¹ƴ֮׵ֵܣҳ¹Ʋԣʲôᣡ
ûκε˵ˣǵĶһҲ١һ˵Ǹġ
ʵҲȱʲôתľܾ˳¹Ҫ⳥
һ򣡣ҸֵǸ
¹Ϊʲôܹ۸ֱϴ󼶱λã˾ϲѡ
ˣҲˣҡҡͷ
Щˡ
¹ƸҪ˵ûʲôɵڽѾЩߺµʱҲһ
ϴ󡭡ЩѵվоԼ൱Ķˡ
¹ƿʿˮ˵ӣ㡭㱻ֵܸˣ
ϴ󣬶˰ˣҪ֪ʶλλ֣ҾͲ˰
ҲһƵĿףѾôôһҲ
¹ƿʵҲϰ֮ˣ
ԶƤëѣҲԸЩй˵ЩʲôЩ˵
ֵ֪ûȤң¹һȤˡ
Ϊʲôʵ̫ˣû뵽ᾹȻô  ҪԼһֵĻô۸ɾȵˡ
ûȤЩĿ˿¹ƵȻӣԺʲôҵҲ԰һءҵĵ绰һ£
¹һܿоǰһλ˵ĸо̵ͷȻˣǾд˰
״߳˲񲿣֮ǰͷҲص˵֮ǰϣܵ˵ĳ⣡
¹ƿȥıӰ˼֪ǣ״ŵ
һƲ۵ĳŵȴı˳¹Ƶһ




256ƽѡ
 

Ƽ⣡
ƽ˿̿׵ѾǱޱȵĳ羴Ҫ֪¹ƶеˣǵʲô˰  ƽⱲҲûм˭ڹƼôţ۸ͷϴҲһġ
ƫƫǰ˸ˣ˼ҿȥ˵ᡣ
֡ϴ󡭡
ƽ׵ĳƺһٱ䣬Ѿϴˡ
׻ͷ˿ƽ˭ϴ󣿣
ϴҡҾʹǰǣˣƽҲǸҪĻɫ
ڿ׵ǿֱӾҪ׻ˡ
׿˿ƽȷһ죿
ȷȷϴ󡭡ƽ̵ǿˣǲҪġ
뵽ԼڹƼŵЩǰһȴʲôҲԼЩˡ
Цһ죬԰ȫҲóңҴΣ

ƽһ˻컹óȫļҲԼҲû˵
Ը⣿ˣҺæģЦһ
ҡԸ⣬ϴҵпеĻˡ˲
ƽҲ֪ΪʲôһȣҪ֪ǰһĵˡ
ɲ֪ΪʲôͻȻĳ嶯ƽҲһԸ𱬵ˡ
񿴵״ɱķӣҲǸĳɣ
㿼Ǻˣ
˵ʵԼҲû뵽һﾹȻԥľͰԼеҶѹ
ԭƽģ˵һĲôȤ
ƽȻİԼҸѹˣ⵹Щˡ
һεѯƽʵϣƽһﲻô嶯ԼҲһ²һ£
ƽˣ׵ϴҿӣҸоԼⱲǰ׻ˣԺҾ͸ɣͼģͼӲ
ȥ
Ҳǲòһֿڣһ￴ȥҲʮüˣû뵽Ȼôᡣ
һԵϿƽӣЩǵĶ׵ףǷŸġ
ƽ̵ϴԺҰӣⵣ˾ԺˣҸΣ
װһƽ⹫˾˰ɣȻҪһ죬Ҳԣ
ϴ˵ģ
ƽͷһϲȻ֪δʲôӣǸôһţϴҲᱻCУǿ϶ǻÿģ  Ȼ˵㻰мպĻǾʹգ׳
ϴ˵ƽЦеĿ׵
׳һֺ˾ĶԺҪˣڶ۸ƽͷյҲҪˣҲãҲգҪԼĵ±׼͵ߣҵĵҲġ
ϴ֪˼Ժһ⣡ȥ˼ղϴ˵ĳҲԣ
ƽ˰죬һص㣡  ׵ͷҲклȻֶˣΪʲôܹάأ
İϴҲʧġ
ƽǷˣϴ󲢲һظ֮ˣϴڱǹƼǶҪԼӵġ
׽ݸƽǮȥ̰ɣ⵽ʱSCʡϿϿˮĴȨҶ㣬ȻһˣҲܶҵˣ
ǣϴǸղ˵ϿˮϿǸɶôҲû˵
ƽŪһͷˮ
׿ƽԺͻ֪ˣ⻹һ飬Ǿ˵顭
ϴģ̩ɽǾҵ飬Ժ˭ҪǸ۸̩ɽǾǸƽȥ
ƽظ֤
׵ͷϻױƷҸ룬ʱϵУ˵˵ġ
׸ƽһ룬ƽͷϴλϰʲô
˼ҵĺϻ֮һ׳
ȥϴţϻ˵ָȫ׸ӵһƽЦŵ
һԾ㵵ףĸǸ׸֮ӻ˼˰
ЦŵǼһҪҺϻʲô취ԺĻױƷˣ
ҲݸһЦҲ͵Цһ
һԵƽеԸӣʵһʼҪ׵ʱоԼЩ嶯ˡ
ɺ⿪ԼǱһɾҪף
˻˼֣ҾȻǴ˵׸֮֮һӸоԼˣ  ׵ͷϣܹǱĵķչʲôѵĻʱ绰ҾˣҵǰӦĺ˰ɣҸҪǣҵƢӦñȱ˸˽⣡
ƽһ£ĸɱһ
һλȥĽԼҵ񣬿ʼϴ滮Ŀ
ƽû뵽ǣպٲȻΪ׻ưһ֡
ĳ¹ƻǿűסԼȻǺ󻰣




257һӵ
 

״ϻصԺֻסԺ׺Ļ֮Ҳһ
ֻû֮ǰֵǣΪгʶɶأ  ƼźͶ˾ϾǺڰǳ쳣ĺ
ڿǻˣЦŵС֣Ƕ˰ϰûΪ㰡
ϰ壿ƽ׿ʵ
̵ͷǸʲôƽ˵һĻ죬Ҹղź廹˵أǳ顣
Ҳ̾һƽͺã
Цŵ尢̣ǰĵ˾ͺˣǼҷӣŴ˿Ѿװˣ
ʲô
ֺͺ᰼ͬʱ˵֣ϵһ㶼ڶԷ
ʲôˣ̫֪ˣ  һαǷǮôΪķֵĸװأ
һԴżйˣпôɣ  ̵С֣ͲҪ˵ûοˣⷿװ޵ǮĻԺһᡭ
һԵʱҲ֪Լĸĸܹ⣬ɵȫ̿ţҲЩ޷ţ
һ˶̶û뵽һﾹȻܹȫˡ
ǵˣǸʲôľȻ˵Ҫ׵Сܣʲô˼ڻûŪء
Ҳûа취飬˵ԼţôܹԼϰأ  Ψһοľǣǰһ鷳  ̤̤ʵʵĻصѧУȥˣֻԺԼôأ  ϿԼĸĸ裬ǾͲҪˣ˵ġԺǵİȫչ˺õġ
չǰȫСϣ˵ûлɣǸåͷӣչǰȫŴǻǮոˣ
һٸţʵԸԼŮ˵ġ
Щż˵ѽЩһʱ˵ף˵ɡ
Ҳ֪ôˣֻҪƸˡ
Цẉ̂ʵرļ򵥣һҴ˸ģ˭ҪӮԺ˭ģӮˣ˵ҵǮûˣԺ֤ϵİȫ
ļٵģ
ЩɵĿףû뵽龹Ȼô׾ͽˡ
˵һֱڵ⻻Ǯ飬˼СܹȵԼһʱܹȵԼһ
׿˿ϵСϣܲƭϰɣ
Ͽ˿ףһѻǲ찡
ǵͷžô֮ǰǴĵʱһŵĺܣû뵽׾ȻӮˣȻͿϴˡġ
һ˴ţûʲôţ˳ɻ˵еġ
һ˵˲ţڼһһ׸һŵĸʾʹˡ
ллأллذСؼҵĸǰ̺嶼֪ôлˣ
һг˸м֮顣
һεͳһ֧ƱȻݸֵ壬ǹƼŵǮ
С⡭ƵǮǶҪˣֲûдӲ۾ɵĸͭһ㡣
ҲĭС֣㡭ôİ
Ŷгæģгһ绰ͽˣǸܵĲܼǸġ
赭дİһʴʵʲô鶼鷳гأ
Լܹ飬ҲԲȥ鷳˵ģ˵ԭ
Ҳͨˣͺ֮ѾǷζӳ¡
ŵǣҪԼŮʶôţ˵ĻؼҶˣ
ΪмĿ׵裬Ҫúõллء
С֣ߴ죬岡һЩ֮󣬰̻ȥóԵġҲ֪ôȥмˣֻܹô˵ˡ
ЦŵǴQиϹģСߵˣǱͷϻЩҪء
㲻ھ߰ɣϵгᣬҲ֪ĺæ
᰿˵⻰ϽСϰҪȻСȥCй䣿
ĬĬĵͷҲǴк͸뿪Ժ
ھߣԺſڣĴ۾Ŀף׿ЦһԱͬ־ءҪȻҾˣ
ԺҪҸԱѧУ棡ϵĿʹɫͨ졣
׺ٺһЦҽʲô
㡭쵰Сִ׵š
һѰڻеСϣ鶼ˣͰĵڼҴһʱȥѧУɣ
šѧУ
ϿԺſôˣ׼ǿƿףѾױôأ  һ˸оˣѵζ  һӵ˵ĸƺµĺܿ졣
һ̷·һоڲУ  ֻҲ֪ǿûκε壬Ծô˵ˡ
ۿ̣
뿪ʱ򣬿һֱĿԼҲ΢΢һ̾  磬Ӣڣ
ȻȻĳ츮ʴƵסķ˹ȥΪȴĻиҪȥ




258˵
 

츮ʴƵ꣡
׵ҲһշĿ˵֮ǰһֱ磬û׽硣
׽νǻ磬֮ǰڷװһô׵·Ҳ˷
˿̵ֻһԼķⲽĿκ˿ҪѪ
һԡɱɽ壬䲻ôĿţֺ֮ĸоȴƽһĵϢ
ںڵ㷢ɢǷ֮֬ϣķ˿ս˵ļޡ
ӯӯһյķ޳ȣǽչ¶ţ  յνȻһֿҵ¶  ƿŵһɲǣ˶ǵѸȽŸϡ
续ô˿أ
ǰ˰
մСŮ˶棬ȻҲ֪˺ɫǰԼľˣȫϣ
˿̵Ȼ˫糺죬ȴûа·
˼ƣ
Լ׸ǰĻǰһȥԼĸ׺Լˡ
ģǱһ֪Ļ»Ļһȥ
ֻףǿǡ˾ӡյģˮȻˣһ˵㡭·ǲǴеٰ

ԭѾ׼ˣɵ˵仰ʱܵ·Լԭڵס
׵ֱնܹоĳ
۾ˣǿתȥˣӲ֮Σ
ȻײΪԼǸӣҲԲʱ֮Σ
Ȼˣȷƻһţ
Ȼ֮Ǹ˶޷ֵ
βһ壬ԭȻµ壬Ǿβһ̳Ȼ֪ˣ
Ҫ׵ĶǿĻ´˿Ѿһɫˣ
пƣоԼ·½ɲ֪Ϊʲôȴһݸˣ  ھ͵õ϶κεķ  ׻Ҳûأֻ֮һõĹϵ
βһ壬峤  ϵĵӺʹעҪһľ
Ļβһͻ֣ⲻϣġ
ʹΡ  ֪Լڵ´Ҳκεĺ³
Ըѡ飬Ҳѡȫ
ĵطײһԤ԰ԼĸԼԼˡ
ԼأԸ  գ˵׻һ¶ŮҲŶ԰õ㽣ҲŶδõڴ
һŮˣ˵һ˵Ļ  ׵ľܾһְȫУͬʱҲ׵Ʒһֿ϶  Ҫ֪ôµĻҲЦⲢ˾ӣֻ֮Σѡ
Ҫ˵նûջǾǴشˣ
ΪһѪյ꣬ڱոЩͣйŮһҵֳ嶯ĺɶʷƸߵ㣡
׽绹磬ԺɲôҪ
״˿̵ѪҺҪƽʱϺüղѪŵһĻʱһֱԺš
ǰҡֻ롭Ϊʲô
Ҳһѵˣ֮ǰôģȻʱڵЩǡô
ǼȻˣԸô
װڰֵлŮ쾭壬ҲʲôɱϾԸ飬Ϊ˾βһ飬Ǵɲأ
ǰЩˣײԼ˵顣
֪ôҲŲòôɡ
βһ壬ǿ壬ôܶȻأ  ׳֮䣬йŵ㻹ǵðɣ
ǰȻǵãľ壬ԺĴˣĸ׻һܺõѡġ
յĻŷǳһĴɤת
׿յһĭһڶ˵ȥĻȻҵĳŵǼǰڣӪĸ׺ˣ
̣ǰһȥɣЩ˼Ŀס
΢΢һЦһӣ
տӣ˶ˣڿǳŰ
֮ǰģǵĳţҲձ
ʵǿܹǿĹһ
ǰڴģҵҹΪΨǰҪźá
һεǷĵģȻ˿Ѿ࣬ӭ׵Ŀ⿴˹ȥ
Ǽᶨһ




259˿
 

츮ʴƵĳͷڣ  ˿һƬ컣˷һ㡣
ôһֶծ⳥ĸо
׵ѾЦ˻˾ӵѾյС
տ׵ǰǷģղǰ˺գ֪ǰ˾ӣҲδؿգֻҪ
׿գܹµĸ֡ԺԺ˵ɣ˵ٶҲûĲ𣿡
ǰǰһأ˵ʲôҲǰ״һľǰ
ĵػǺģΪȫϣȫԲðա
ûκεİ취ǰƺΪΨһϣϣ
Цŵﵹ˽黳ĳ˸ղ˵ˣһǰԼ
ǰ㡭
ղ׵˵ʲôβһСޱȣܹڵϾȻ˵Ļô϶ǿޱȵġ
һǿߣҪǾβһı  ˣ˵˿Ҳ̫ԺǾͻ֪ˡЦŵˣ㻹ȴߣȥ֡
׶ǱߵʲôҲûκεԼĿǰʵԱ϶ûġ
һƿһյĻǺܶͿɾͲһˡ
ǰôܹһðأǣҲһǰģ
յּᶨһΣ  Ҳ̫յ˵ƿɣ
ȥΣأѲ㲻βһѪ𣿡
ǰΪҾβһԸڱңú֪ʵ΢վԲӰ쵽ǰġ
ʵֲʵҲó׵һЩ˼ֱӾ˵˳
˼ҹﶼô˵ˣﻹ˼˵Щʲôأ
ʼʵȥҲǲԣøǰװһ²У
ǰʲô˼ոоЩȦǰװɶ˼  ಣ
ã֮ʣ׵ѾǶһȥʣΪÿ
˿㴩š
˵ֱ꣬ץסյ֣Ȼֵָ
һѪѸٵ뵽˿֮ϣһʱ侫ܿ˿Ѿʧ֮У
ǰ⡭ⶫƺ뵽ҵ֮ˡ
˿׷·ĳϵʵⲢ֣ļƷѾʵĹܡ
ȻˣҪﵽһ˵Ϊ
Ϊ飬ЩȫʶԼˡ
΢΢ͷ˿һ͵㴩֮һЩϲǣ
ײδյĸǰ͸̫࣬ϾҲʶʱ䲻
ܶô͸أ  ˿׻ɽ˿׶һƷ
Ȼˣ˿ɽ˿׻ǴŲСĲģ˿ֻܹؤġ
ɼؤ˿ף徳µĹ϶ߵġ
˿׵ҲΪĺķҲ֮ǰĵʱʱŪһ
û뵽컹óˣ

Щ𾪵Ŀףû뵽λǰ־
׵ͷȥڣΣءҲԤϵʱʲôΣգһҲǺõġ
ǰĴû
һǸжˣ׶Լĺá
  ǿǴͷҪȥĶ˼ҾȻֱԸԼˡ
ʵ֪ǣܹһǼƷ
׳βһɣ
Ҿβһܹ磬ľǻվûκεĹֻܹԱȴܹ
ոоһʧ䣬β׸ġ
΢΢ҡͷǿĻԻأ裡
Ⲣ״ţϻһɽĻ⹦µһ
ҲΪʲôһҪȳβһԭʱԼĺһ֧󲿶ӵĻǵʱصɽ籨ҲǶ˼ֵĵ
ǰҲû뵽׾ȻҲЩʧ˵ʵҲ˵ǶϹʱڵˣЩѾʧѾˣ
ЦŵȥڣȾȳĸ׺̸֮Σ
յͷ˵ʲôǶԵģԼʵ΢ûκεķȨ
ο˼ײǾԼĸ׺Ψһϣ
һҪûϣĻǾûϣˡ
׺׵֮˹Ȱʧ츮ʴƵĿͷڡ




260
 

ڣSCʡ
ڹΪšš׽飡  ĳţ׽綼Լĸݵصġ
ÿһ˶Ǳʣкܶʲѵ˽벻ţֻд׽ˡ
׽ڣҲǷΪźţ  һ˵׽ǻϾͷһЩӲιġ
׽Ųͨŵĵط
ÿһŵڣʵ϶׽ţֻܶȻ֪ȴҾţ  ô󣬿ʵӵźܶĶԪռ䣬Щռ硣
ȻˣѾǹ̶ˡ
ڵţǶڵЩǰܸϿضġ
һеĻǶȪûȪΪĻǽǺġ
һţǻѵĴǾ޴ģһӹɣ
Ҫؽ̫幬Ǹˣ
ʱ׽ڣһһŮ̸Ц
˿ȥòȺоʽģ
˲Ǳˣ׺գʱѾǻһݣһԵҲǻʾˡ
ڣ
˵ʵ磬׻ûء
ҲʲôֶûУΪڵȻһ󷨡
󷨲ôüݣ  ֻ׽ͨҪƿ󷨣ǾûκεĿԵġ
յͷڣʲôҲ֪֮ǰĸ׺˱ץʱҲֻܹԶԶĴ̽һ¶ѣҿ
ǺǣǽȥЦʵ
׸оڵŲٵЩǿ廹൱ġ
յҲҪԼĸףɵߵʱֱŻȥˡ
յ߬úܽԿóʱ൱Ľš
Ȼ츮ʾƵʱ˵Ŀط̲סһĪս  һֱܣǴվ
ǰҡģտ˿ס
׶յǺǣҲߵǵİɣ
׺վͳڵڴȥտȥЩţӦûоʲô棡  λλλǲҪȥڷУ
һȥͲ꿴׺Ĵȥ⵹һԵոһ
׿˿굹ЦǸʲôģ
λһ̳ؽչڷҲҪһЩǵĶɣҿԴǹȥֻҪһöƷʯɣ
꿴ȥĺܣ׻صؿ˿ۡ
֮׸оһǣ꾹Ȼû
һ˵ÿһ˶ӵԼ
ľˮ
ǾӵеȻĪǵȴʵıѾǼΪĺ  ɽʶʲôûˣ  ΰ׿˿꣬ҲЦ
ͷ׽˵ǰɣҺڶѣǰĪǰĪ֡
ʲô֣׿ʵ
һЦǰսС塣
ҿʺһ㰡׹ʵ
ǰۣС޶ۣţȴһ񣬿С׷֮ĲԱ뿿Լܷһϣ
С嵹ҲһʵϵĺӣӸоͷǳĳʵ
Сֻһͨߣô׻ĲӲʲôȤ
⺢ӾȻһˣһȤ  ׵ԺѾǶһļ䣬ߣǿ  仰˼Ȼףߺһ߲һշչķҪôǿߣҪôûʵˣ  ΪʲôפһԭΪǵһˡ
ĿԳΪǿߵĻôֶһս
ˣΨһİ취ṩ;͵ҩԼֹ
ΪߣʲôѧҲκεơ
ֻһ˺ɾͣԱΪϲѣ
Ǽˣʲôĳûм
׾Լһܺãǰ꣬ȻŹˡ
ĽСԴС壬ҿͦģԸԸһУ
ǰǺźɣ
СҲû뵽Ȼ߿Լķϲ  ֱǿЦ
΢΢ֵʵĲʣԸ߲Ը⣬ֻҪشˡ
Ը⣬Ը⡭С̹
ʱһƺͽСͬЦŵС壬ֿʼҪʦ˰ҲûҲҪɣôҲǸء
ͬģҲƵĿ˿ףĴ۾ƺ˵СûУΪʲôҪСأ




261³״䣿
 

ջ治֪׵뷨һû꣬ôῴأ  ѲɾǿСɣ  յʺţȴܹ˵ʲô
ǰ飬ôòأ
˵ˣһε黹ÿƽأӲܹ˵ʲôˡ
Ҫܣ
СһһԵ꣬ûһƹԼһۡ
Ѿϰ̬һλܹԼⱲĸ֡
ԱЦ˵Ǿ͹ϲ˰
˵꣬һԼҲǺЦ
׳һԵļ΢΢ۣδ˵  С׵ǰǲҪȥУҪȻҴȥ䣿
΢΢ͷһǵһǾͽȥɣ
СϲЦտܹĻ˲
ղδ˵ĬĬĸ׵е˼Լĸ׺Լ˵İȫ档
ڵķΣ
Ҳ֪Уⷻо൱һĽгһ
ȻУɱϾܶ߸Ķ
ֻܹ˶εԷγһеĵط
棬һЩԼڵĵ̯ҲһЩУеĽ׶ڸС
ڣ˵ҲһţȻûˡ
ɾ֮ǰ˵ģձڵķ⻹ǷǳĲġ
ẉ̂  ˿һЦĶȴǷǳõġ
мÿ춼Ϊģܶ฽СšСĺܶ߶нн׵ġ
СΪԺ˵·оһ㡣
ݸһЦǿҲǲˣ
ǰЦˣʵܶϤ֮ò·ֻܹһЩյڷе˴·׬һЩȷѶѣ
С˵Ҳʵ飬ʯô׬Ļôͷˡ
׵ͷʵΣ
С忴˿ʼڵʵһŵӶ㲻ϵˣô֪أǰ
СڵŶȥôܹ֪ŵʵأ  Ҳһ֪ȻҲ֪ڵľʵ֪һƬǾԵߡǰʲô
ǺǣûʲôûЩѣ״˸۵
СЦŵڷеƺȽϵĶ࣬ǰ˵
׿˿Сôˣ
С۾һתҿһû֮󣬵ǰ˵Ҫ;βһ峤ס
һߣ˶Щ
һβǺǣϢô֪ģ
һЩѾڣȻҲʶΪûЩ˵Ҳܻң
СЩĿףƺûҲΪһһ㡣
ʱ֪ʵ
С̵ǰҲǱμ״Ŀ˰ɣ
ǣг״䣿Ҳˣҡ
״ȻҲҰ죿βһǿܶĶ󰡣
ɣñ˷۲
Сͷ״Ѿȷˣ˵û뺯ûа취ŵġҪĻٺ١
а취ȥ
׸оԼС˽ССһȻûƺǳĹá
Сӿ׸оһϲ  СͷǰҺôҲڻôɣҪȥĻҲûκġ
ǿԽȥ𣿣ʱ̲סˣ׸С׽׶ˡ
׿϶ҪýС壬֪ļֵ
֮ˣǰڸԽչֳľͷԽǿ
ɽ磬һλɵۼǿߣ֮ˣ  ӻҪñ׸  λǰҲҪ֣ҪȥҲǲԣɡ
СоЩΪѣƺʲô֮
׿˿СЦŵС壬ʲô˵ҺʵҲ˵׼ֵġβһһֱ˵ûмذ
ǰңæҲðһ¡ҪƷʯſ԰
Сڰ˵ˣʵҲԼҪ̰ʲôģڵһʶ
רžģÿεشʱ˼Ҿͨ׬һЩʯ
ֻҪʯҪǾûκġ
ȻˣǰЩ˵ʵܹ̫ǿСоǰ׺յʵӦòǺǿ
Ͼ˶ᣬڽС忴ܹһѾĪˣ




262һƿҩʯͷ
 

ҪͨϵڵţҲԼ뷨ġ
ǿƿڵĻڴĿǰ׵ʵ͵̾Եġ
ɵǸʱ򣬾ĿɾͲһˣ  ǶڽȾβһûκεİġ
Ҿٰ״䣬׿Ӧȫ׼
пܾǺյĸ褴ĳЭ
Ļʱһ褷ڵĻǸΧڵһ
ԲԸ⿴飡
βһȻܹڸһ¥ҪðڵΣĻ²ܣ
ΣյĻô󷢲ƣ˵Ĵġ
ȻģǾ˵Լе
ǾβһԸĻôȻۺ죬Ҳûκεİ취
ΪڵĻڴѰǺƿġ
ҪڼϾβһĻĻЩ֣ҪҲϼѵ飡
ο۸ӣҪǲ̫ʵ
ҲʱǿˣԭýСžΪʶѡ
û뵽⽭С徹Ȼ˵а취ܹڵȥⲻ  ʵСɫ׽Ǿ൱ڻţһ㣡  ·
һļϵ飬ǽС岻ʶ׵ˣ˵ĻôҲ뾡취ǽȥġ
οڵ׻׼һϵĻСôܲæأ
˼ҪƷʯǰɣ׿˿Сʵ
ͼˣǰ˵Ļһ㶼ҪƷʯء
СϽ͵ɲϣԼ̰ۻʲôġ
ݸһЦ״ʲôʱ򣿣
֮󣡣С˵ԭǶյģڳûлӺա֮Ƕӡ
յбһâǸ´Ѿǲڻصˣ
΢΢һЦˣֻȥ׬ʯˣ
ǰûʯ
Сʱ˽һ㡣
ԭΪǰλǰҲʯûаɣ  ֮һĸоƷʯòˣҪԼȥ  СҲֻܹ룬ǰʯɲô׬İ
ûʯǽȥ׬ʯѲϵǺǡЦŵ
Ҳ԰
տҲЩ죬ߣʯ൱ǮһûʯνǴ粽С
ԭջΪ׿϶ΪʯģΪһ˵ˡ
Ȼ򣬾ڸղţնоЩˣ  ǰʲôһЩĵҩʲôģҲȥ䵱ли˹ۡ
СʱףײĹء
ʵϣ׻ĲĹأ  ҿȥǰķһȦΣ׿ŽСЦʵ
ܿ죬һ˷֮УԭСҪҪλǰȥǰҴпһ  ɵ֮ⷻеʱȴһ̯λͣ
ⶫô
׿ǰһڲʯͷʵ
λֵܣǸʱżȻ֮Ѱã˵ҲƷʯ
˿֮¶һĪӡ
СһЦƷʯⶫҪǺö͵ߵߵȥˣ棿
С壬СӶأһС壬ƺҲʶ
СҲأԼ㶼ӣҸ㣬ʦ
ʦ˿Ц˼֮ĸϹۣѽֵҲ˵㣬⽭СûУ
ǮƺδĻȤ
ȻǽСʦǾһƷʯɣ̵
ƷʯһƷʯ׶оЩԲ
΢΢һЦʱûʯ
ûʯֵذ⻹Ҫأ˿׺ƣȻֿ˿С˵ûʯ˹ɶ
СһΣǰ»˿  ڽСоԼЩεʱ׵ѾǶһƿҩԪһƿвУ
ԪУɽ
ƺܵǾԪȵĶһ۷һ㡣
ԪΪͳĵҩ֮һκξ綼ǿõġ
ֻԽǵ˺ľԽôȽСҲƷƷƷ
ǼƷԪĻǿɾͲˣ  ԪȻһĵҩҲӲͨʯûʲô
ЦеĽӹԪһЦݵİڲʯͷݸ׵ʱ򣬽С嶼Ѫˣ
ʯͷֵܹһƿԪЦذɣԼǰǲǷˣ  ΢΢һЦû뵽ķ֮УȻܹ




263ºʯ
 

Сˣ
ǰǰ˿
ǰԼϲ£ȻԼͦ˵ġ
ɺλǰȻ˵ԼһƷʯûУԭһ󼤶ĽСĴϵ˹ȵס
ڿ׾ȻһʯͷһһƿԪ
Ѱ˼ԪҪǸԼǵöð  ɽС岻֪ǣ֮ԳΪɫʯͷ̲˼Ϊ˵
׽غʯԼڣЦЦ
ʯͷ˲ʶʶģ
ʯΪףǼؾһļƷʯ
ʯżΪͨΪﵽһ̶ȵĳǿߣԲܷʯ
Ҫ֪֮оΪ΢֮  ʯļֵκ˿¶ȻĶġ
⽭СڲԼΪһͻˡ
ΪлУǾ֪ʯļֵ
ղΪԼռ˱ˣȴ֪ΪԼĲʶѾ˴ˣ
һĴָ״Сĺʯ̺൱ʮ鼫Ʒʯ
Ҫ֪ղһʯͷһͷ­һСⶫ˭ܲĶأ  οúʯĻǱ֮ͨʯ°빦
ԣһʯ֣¾ͻΪܶԼĶ
˵ϵĺö൱Ķ࣬ʯ˵ֵһᡣ
磬Ҫ˵ĻɣȻóߺõĵҩʯɣ
ʯĳ֣ýǰһ֣  ǰڲʯͷȻһƿԪȥ㿴ղСӼӡ
СڻЩ̲סĿ׵ȻóҲһˡ
һͨҲóһƿҩȥ˻İɣ
һԵǰҲղЩˣ˵һƿԪҿһžԪҲӦ
ЦŵһƿһžԪ಻С壬л߿ĵط
ǰ治ԶһңУС忴Ҳ΢΢һ̾
ңУ֣Ӧúйأʵ
Сͷǰңǳ֮һңУʵǿۣͯһĽ׻ңнС
УǾҰɣʵ̫ҿҲӲӡ
׵ҲǲһУʵе˿»üǮ
ʯǿɲһܹܵģ
С忴Цŵǰңпʵǿ󣬼ûкö˼ҿɲ㶫̫أ
Сӣ˵ǰɣǲǾҸղŵܳԿ
֪Сûмʲô棬϶۸ղһƿԪء
ǰСɲҳЦǰС̵
׿ŽСС壬֪ĵ뷨ɴ²СڣԺҵ˼ġ
С˸ĪĻҲƶǶĵͷ
һԵտ˵˵Ĵ磬оԼƺЩ׸ղŵˡ
£ոоԼѿö
˼ǰˣȻ˼µĵĿԴ
ٴ˼һһİԼ˿ûκļ
Ǿһ飬Լʲô˼ҵأ
ңУ  ֮һһһŷУֻһС
ңȻӴ󣬿⾺ҲûС
ңеĶ棬Ȼһ֮УΪУ
оȻǵĵĳŶ̨Ϸ˵ӦҲǱȽϵļң  ﲻǻһ𣿡տŽСʵ
СһʻС˵еرɶһ㶼û˼ңе˺á
ңдϲðû˵
׿ŽСңкпȥ
ʵҪ˵ʵĻп»Ҫ߳ңһǿǳڿСڿ粻۲۵ĵһŰ
СҲЩµ˵ĵͲ̫ϲڡ
С壬ղǰýʵǿУ㾹Ȼ˽ЦŵȥҲֻǿЦ
Сһ˵Ͻڰ֣Цŵ˺ˣȻСƼңУǾȥңв𣿡
лǰ
СʵղŻûж룬׾ʲôöٺܹõʲôطȥأ  ңȻȲУʵҲرĶɣ  ȻûʲôøУΪʲôܵңأ  ׵һ仰˴ǵ׼ңеڲ˹ȥ
ɵǸߵемʱ򣬼ѾǰѽС׵Χסˣ




264ж
 

С壡
һŵۣǰӡַεӿŽСһ
С忴ǰӣҲŵһµү£
СеүʵϾߵ֮ˡ
ֽڵķлû˲֪һĴڡ
аУ޶
˶֪ĵһУԻϺܶ˶ûа취  ŽСЦһ˵Сǲִȥ氡
Сɫһ䣬ЩΡΡ˵үֻ·ֻ·
ߣ·ΪҵĶôŽСŭһ˵˲
ǾԲֵģΧķǿɾûôĹˡ
Լط֣ڵִҲǻһֻ۱һֻ۵ġ
ү
СŵɫҰףԭΪԼ׵˵ѾϢˡ
û뵽Ǳ˸ˣ  ʵС岻֪ǣעѾܾˣеһǧɡ
ȻҲǽѣ˵Ҳһĵǡ
˳һСںܻе
ǵ⽭СȥңУҪһЩѵ
ɱ˽С壬ǾԲϲߣ
ôȥĸѣѲԼڶˣ
̧ͷ˿Ŀӭȥ
ߣȻԣһܻеҪǲƣԺкأ
ЦһɲܶʲôˣʵǿΣ
Ҫ֪ıվŵĿĳţǿأ  Ӵǣⲻүǳ⣬⵽ͣҲ̫˰ɣ
ʱӶң߳һȶ˵Ůӣû֮գȴҲˡ
£ôҵ£»ֲܰɣ
£ͬһǸڵĸˣ  Цһ糬֮ף˾أĵֶ۸һûеҲˣȻڴͣ㲻ӶˣҶ죡
¿ȥˣʵĻƢĳһ㶼ϡ
ʵϣԸĻҲԲңи˵Ӳǣ  ԭΪҪʲôͻû뵽Ȼûʲô顣
Ҳǿˣʵкң֮䶷ء
ߣҿûбУôѡͿԼˡ
׵ˣЦһıڣҪĲʶôĻǿɾ͹ֲˡ
һҪ
һֱȥĻôڵǿɾҪңиѹȥһͷˡ
ʱԼôŽ  Ҫ֪УĿ൱ĿģֵµˮˣԼһ궼֪ܹ׬ٵʯ
ʹȻ  ԲܹĿԼ˵ķʲ˸ߣ
¿׵˵λˣú£ңеţұ֤ǵİȫ
Цһƾ㣿
²мĿ˿ƾңô
һ׺գٺһЦ֪ڲңš
㡭
¸оԼըˣ˾ѹˣ  ˭֪ڵ³ԺҪĻôңлҪҪˣ
׿˿ˣЦŵλҵȷЩҪۻ
۸⣬ͿλӵĻˣǰ׵
һߣȻҲʾղŵв֮ߡ
ʵѹµĻôȿеʵܹеֶΪأ
ңгļ۸Ȼĸ࣡
ȫǶԾ׽ҲûʲôҪȻҪ۸ˡ
׵УܿһԴСĺʯºЦŵȻλҵĶλԳˣ
óʯʱ򣬽Сնһ
ⶫղǰһƿԪ  һת־Ҫˣ
ĻҲ̫һ˰ɣ  ǿֱӰһƿԪأ  ʲôƶ
һеǺڲʯͷ͸һ˿Ĳм
СǲΪʶզΣ
ȻһʯͷҪҶ  ⶫңҪˣ
ʵҲ֪⵽ʲôĿǰʵҪʯǲܵġ
רҵļʦԼʲô
ңлרͭȻ˵ĻǾ͸רշƷңˣ
ԭΪһܹóʲôöȻһȤûˣɲ뵱ԩͷ
ӲӥԸ񣡣  ȷҪˣЦеĿ




265ı
 

ȷҪˣ
ЦеĿһмˣ˭ѡˣ
ֻ֮ǰСвզΣңС
ոյһĻʵҲеƷеȷģطġ
˿̣ΧѾǾۼ˺ܶˣ
ЦһСӣеԩͷ㻹˵㣡
֪ңҪҪ
ЦŵȻתʵ
ʵҲЩ̫Ҫһпǿ̵ġ
⿪ûлͷʧһʯܹôأ
ҪµľǱЦһЦǵʱ򶪵Ŀңе  ˭ϣܹͣ˭ֲԸⶪˣ  ҪˣҲֻܹӲͷƤȻҪλ㿪ۣ
ʮƷʯ
׵ļ۸һڣڳе˶Ϣˡ
ʮƷʯʲô
˵ʮƷʯһ鼫ƷʯҲǼΪĺİ  ʲô⣿ֵܼʮƷʯ  ¾ǰңвˣҲòʮƷʯɣ  ʲʲô
²ûŵһƨڵϣһǲǸӰ  ѲɽԼɵ㶵ļһҪһӲɣ  ʮƷʯƹ񣬿Ҫİ
ȻⶫˣҲǱſЦ̬ġ
ԼҲû뵽ļһһھܹʯ쾪  ǰЦİɣ
СѾһƨ˵ϣôҲû뵽ԼȻһӡ
ʮƷʯҲ̫˰ɣ  ׿˿΢΢һЦȻʯѷĻҲûа취ˣ
ȵȡ
ʵǳĲѾƶ˶֮Լ̵ġ
ܸڵΪصذԼġ
£ʼ
һҲǵǲѣôǿͬʱУΪʲôҪôأ
ʵΪԼ˽һЩģ׽ַľٶһʱҲûжϣ
ңеȷûʵϷˣңУңҲû¹˭
ƶΪ׵ϷˣԼ
һԵЦһߣûʵǴţƹ㿴ǣ˵Ͳ򣡣
ƹȻһԸһԸЦŵתĻҪΪĻô
Сӣ
û뵽׾ȻĸҸԼ
¿׵ӣҲ֪˿϶Ǹһġ
ΪʲôҪϷˣԼأѲⶫʲôֵǵĶɣ
һʯͷôôֵǮأ  ǡ
ԭЩͷԣɵʶѵʱȻ뵽һԣ
ʯ
ô꣬ҲûмʯĴڣ
ⶫȷʵڵģҰն֮˵˵ǺʯĻǼ۸ҲΪˣ  Ҫ֪һСĴָ״СĺʯھֵܹһټƷʯ
ԴСĺʯָĻǿٿԷΪǧϣʮƷʯʱңле׬ģ  λˣܲңкȱ裿
´˿ҲЩСȻȷⶫǲǺʯ
ⶫʯ״ǳƣ
״ءںɫ䲻ȴش
ҪǷǺʯ»Ҫʦļ⣬¾Բǣ  Ǻǣеʱ䣡Цŵ  룡
¸ոתͷһɼǿϢ˲˵Χӿ
УһѾǳеķϮ
Ŀֱָеĺʯ
΢΢תһ׼ȭӦԣѾǰˣ
֮ǰ֮Ѿֱһȭ
¡¡
֮д֮֮Ķ˸оһɴսٵĸо  ߣСӣû뵽ҲеͷȰ㻹ǰеĶң򡭡
ʱһԼĪѮߣƣзһɷӣ  ϵ·ڵɫȴ
ֻλŵɫۣϵǻɫĵۡ
ɫۣǿڸܹĵ۰  ӭ
ڸްȪݵʱû
ԭ˵Ҫˣû뵽Ȼô  ǳϢˣöֱ𣿣
Ⱥ֮У߳һˣһũװ磬ȥƽĺܡ
죡
ްȪۿ죬ҲĨһ˿ľ  û뵽˵ıվŵ죬Ҫ֪һλˣҲһλǿߣ




266±
 

ްȪ𣡣
ĳ֣òʱԵס֣ΪԼʵºҲֲ٣
ڵĵ̣ްȪǲμĳ״䣡
ڣȻû̫Ľɰ֮ȴϵǳ  ҲΪʲôڸ˴ľٰ״һԭ  һڸɳ˸ްȪǶ״ӡ
ԭްȪʵҲûκεİ취  ްȪ׼Ϣʱȴ˸ղŵһĻ
һ˾ȻźʯްȪﻹ˵ģ  ҪܹӵǰöʯĻ徳۷ûκˣ
Ҫ֪ĿǰʵҲ徳۷ѡ
ղʵ̲סʯջ׼  Ȼ׼ʱȴƻˣȻ߳ŭǲ̫ĸ֣  ҪǱ֪Ļôʯֵܹ
ްȪô겻㻹ôİԵ
ԭЩ͵ı˿ҲǱֱͦƺ֮ǰǸũһ㡣
С忴죬ҲҰҰͷ
ǽС岻֪ôʶ˵ǺЩε˷ǳϤ
ܶ˶ΪһûκʵŪʲôĶӵ˶ѡ
û뵽ҶЦͷȻһ֡
Է˿ڵĸ
ްȪ죬ʱû뵽㾹Ȼط
ͬЦһߣҪǽϷ񣬾ƾްȪ»񣡡
죬ôˣ㻹ôϲ£ްȪϴŭ֮ɫ
쵹Цڵ˻ôϲ˵ĺöλСֵܣ֪ԸԸϵĶ
ްȪЦһǣǲҪ˼˵ʲô𣿡
СӲ˸ڲʯͷѣ
һֱ⵽ôˣ  ԼȻ˵ĶǰΪⶫˡ
ްһһ˵СӶƨбһⶫҵĸ

ްȪŵסˣⶫôţ  һԵ¸ƶԼе뷨ĻǾǺʯ
Ѿûκεİ취ˣ  ղ˼ҳʮƷʯʱԼΪ˼ҿЦԭ˼ĲǿЦ
Ҫ򣿣
ΪʯӵߣһĵȻ˿ûбͬʱϵֻţ
ûʯҲЩεЦЦֻҪ֮һСɣ
ûʯĶҪôʯҲûκεôҲЦŵ
ҡҲûôĶ
Ȼ͸ްȪ˵һɶҲûУɸղҲѾеĺʯ
˵ʵÿ춼ᵽп
еʱЩˣһЩĻⶫ¾Ͳˡ
ֻʶ˶һЩĻƶܹһʺơ
ʵ֮ⷻУѾ˲ٵĺöˡ
΢΢һЦ˵λ֣еĬɶҲûУҰ׸㲻ɣ
ްȪٺһЦ죬һ鲻֪
쿴ްȪްȪл˵ƨţ
㡭ްȪһĿ죬סһһΣ
һһ룿쿴ްȪЦһ
ްȪ˿Ҳ˲ˣʯֵ̫󣬾ƾԼһӿҲŪĺö
ΪȫѾǲܲˣ
˲Ϊ߸ˣ  ˿̴ʵĻѾɱһˡ
ĬĿްȪ΢΢ߣ
쿴׵λСֵܣĺҪⶫʲôᣬֻҪܹģһ߾ȫ
һΪһеĶأЦһްȪи䡣
΢΢ҡͷУ޵ԼĵУ޵Υ飬޿ó
ްȪĿ˿죬ǳ׵ĵˣ
ΣһǰҲ㣬һ㣿Ц
Ҫ֮һҲǲԡ
˼һ£׳һնͿϹϹˣ
Сֵܵ棿ܹģƴǣ
ѾͻƵƿʵҪ£  PSһ£дҪܳʱ䣬ҲҪ̵ܶ档ÿһ¶ˬǲܵģɢֻܾдֵ顣⣬222յ챬ɢ20ٻؼ֣Ͼϰ壬һϻȥλҲʵ׵ģһ⣬ٴθлλֵ֧ܵ֡




267ոֵС
 

Ȼ棡
΢΢һЦȻ˵ˣǾԲܲġ
ƷǿԵģĻ׿Ҳû뷨
ްȪôˣ˿Ҫ֣ҲĶ֡
˵˭κβ˭ִȻҲûκε塣
΢΢һЦСֵ˵
ˣҾֱ˵ˣ׳˿̺ܶ˶Ƕ΢΢һЦҪеĶҲԣŰ꣬Ϊ£ȻǰǾΥĵߣ
˵ʲô
ҲǻһСӻҿڰ
Լʲôʵ˵磬ܹ֮ˣҲ޼ġ
û뵽СӾȻҵô˵˵Ļ˵
ѲͲԼһŭ֮£ɱ
ްȪĿЦһ죬㲻Ϊ˾ҵҪôճ
׿˿΢΢һЦѡȨң
һԵ¸оһЩԾΪоǰ֮ʵ̫ˡ
϶һ·ˣްȪӵĲˡ
ܹ󳬼֮ˣʲôƽӹ֮
һʼ۵Ϊ˿϶ǸʵһߣڿԼпܴˣ  ˿̣ڿɫɫЩ죡
Ҫ֪ԭһɹ˵ˣĳ֮һ
ʱѲҪʹꣿ  ͣ徳ѾкܳһʱˣûлͻƵĻⱲҲ͵ͷˡ
ЩģҪѰͻƣ
ǰԼȴԥˣܿɫչˡ
쿴˿ްȪУҴӦ㣡
ԭҪЦްȪֱ۾һصĸоһĴӦˣ  Ҫ֪ѱƣһ첻µز£ټʵ൱ţ  ˵ǲκ˵֣
׷ɱһû뵽ھȻΪ¡
죬Ϊ˺ʯȻҪ˰
ްȪɫ˼㣬ղͲӦô̼һ
û뵽һﾹȻĸԸΪʹʯǴ˼ѶȰ  ҪжúʯĿԼΪ㣡  ׵ǲްȪ˿Цŵˬ죬һĺʯˣ
һ룿
ЩĿףһ֮һĲɲһ㰡  һĺʯȫ˸һĿˣ
ݸһЦҵҲĲǣ
ƶһ㣿컹Щ㲻һΪʲô֪ԼӲأ
翴ﶯ֮˴ڰ  ΢΢һЦţ
ȻӢ۳갡һ񾳵СӾȻǰ㣬Сˣ֪Сֵܽʲô
һЦ˵ţЩȻˡ
׿˿һּ򣡣
տһԵǺߣҲЦе̤ʵ˺ܶࡣ
һǸеĸ֣˰æĻͻ᲻һˣ
һԵĽСЩãĿףû뵽λǰȻøղŻĶշһλ֣  Լ۹⹻öǰԼǰԼҲ֪ȥϧ
ղһƿԪϧˣڿһƿԪҲﲻЧ  ãͻ꣡
쵹ҲԸķһ㣬ȻӦ˼ңĽɫҪݺˡ
׳¿˿ϣǿȥңкȱˡ
ްȪף˻͸һ
ɱޱֱָף׵ҲνΪߣҪˣ  ʵްȪʵಮ٣ӲҪ˵˭ǿһЩĻ컹Ҫǿһ㣡
һЦ绨˵룬ǰ롭
ּ»û˵Ĵ˵ġ
뵱һһսһţŭ˺ܶš
ǵܶһĿģ
˽ȥӰˣҪҪھ֪ͨŵˣ
ã
ްȪȻ֪һ֪֮ͨʯԼܹз  ֵ徳ͻ龳ĹؼڣҪ֪кʯ֮Ĵڡ
ͳ˲¹ͷˣ
ްȪɲ׾ߣҪľΪԼǡ
ԼʵûлĻſ֪ͨţʱҲĹһ
󻯣  ްȪյ뷨  ްȪ͸ɱȫ̶ּļһȥҵ֣




268»ֵ̿ĽС
 


֪ްȪ߸ϣƣòӲͷƤһεĺסްȪ
ָʲô²ļһ
ްȪûеطֻܹˡ
ֻүڱѵĸһ㡣
ȻҲƲѣǵˣּղŽңУҿʮа˾Ҫʣµĺʯˣ
ʲôȷ
ްȪҲ˲ʲôˣץʵ
ͷ֮ǰһҪģֻ۸̫ߣҲûϳǶȻǺʯ
̵ܹʯްȪҼ̸ڣĻʱȰѶ
ްȪ֪ⶫȥĻʱĿ̫ɢˡ
ԼǮЩʯʱǸȥʯ϶ǸּСС
ֻҪסСӣʯ϶ܲ˵ġ
ްȪ˼Ȼʯǿ϶С˵ġ
ȻԼʵ൱ڵӣŻкܶ˻ġ
ң¥  һңΪĵطˣΪӴȫǹ
ܹΪңйģȻ̳
ûиʯǾǲܳΪңеĹġ
´˿ĵļ֪ˣΪλּпΪֿȵĺʯ  ʯΪʲôôܻӭ
ǻΪⶫٽڵ˿ãڵҲá
˵ֻҪߣǻ϶ǿԴСĺôġ
ȻˣʵԽǿЧԽѣ
ɾôһʯֻҪú˵Ļͻƺüûκġ
ʯǼؾһ  ǰλ´˿̵̬ȷǳĺá
СȻطôʱ䣬ûңе¥
֮Ҳǵ·ﶼʵġ
׿΢΢һЦƹ˲˵ʯҲӦ֪еļֵɣ
Ϊ̾˵˵ʵ֮ǰû뵽ȻóǺʯһΪǿЦء֪Ҫôʯ
ղѾ˵ˣһָϣһҴֳݣһС壬һó㿴Σ
׿µȻһЦֻķ֮һҲǼΪİ󰡣
һԵĽСɴ۾ףû뵽ԼȻ˵Ĵ󷽣  ˿ɵҲ֪ⶫֵˣ˼üͷûһ壬Ȼ͸Լˣ  һҲ̾һͬ˲ͬ
СЩϻ̳Ͽ֣ʿˮ֡ҡʵǸϲôõĶ
׿˿С΢΢һЦϲҿûзϲеֻǲŬ˶ѣ
СбһǿҵĻ𻨣ʲô඼ܳԣʲô尾ܣ˷ģ
΢΢ͷЦŵôˣ
һԵȻĽС壬ɴ˿ҲһĲʿˮҪίң
ôˣⲻЦʵ
ǡȻǿеѹԼ˷ܣ˷֮黹ԱЩΪѵ˵ȻңУҲҴˣʯϢһȥҿºܿͻиŵ˹
ǲǺ𣿡׿ʵ
µͷ˵ʵǺ£ң֮ĳй涨ġ
Сһߣ̵еĳɿɰ
˼һƷʯĻǾҪǧ׿ʵ
Щε˵һĶ߼۸ԱȽϵ͵ҲͲˣʯֵǡ
׿ЦŵƹʵϣʵϵͦϲκֻҪ䣬Ҿöԣɾɣ۸Ӧò͵ġ
ʯֵ̫Ҷ̲סˣ
ҲǵͷʯЩƿڵ˵ֱһ
ЩλţְŴ£֪ʲôʱٰⳡᣡ
¿ʵʱԽĻǶԽкôġ
׵ҲںЩ˵ʵڻϱȺʯõĶ̫ˣֻûбҪóѡ
Цŵϰɣ
ɾνĳ״ˣҪҪ֮ǰ
ʱ״䣬϶ᷭ
ǸʱŪʲôҲûκεˣ
УһģҪϢٶҲ̫ģңеĹϢŵʱ϶˸Ȥġ
ƶĺܣʯļֵֻҪ׷ߣ϶ǻᲫһģ
˵֮󣬺ܿ¥ˣ




269»ǲа
 

ңж¥
˿̾ʣ׵ĸˣ˵⼸˳׺΢ϤһЩ֮⡣
ļ˴ҶǺϤ  СϤν죬ʵϾǸֻȥݵǸͷ
ôҲû뵽쾹ȻһλȺ֮еĳ֡
쿴Цʵ֪ɣŶ֪
׿΢΢һЦ̫幬
̫幬칬̫幬ϲˣ֣⵹ЩܰӶ꣬ϢЩ˰
ھ칬̫幬ҲЩ˽ġ
׿΢΢ҡͷʱûУһε֮Ҹȥģ
˼δľ̫幬
һѪûȥСװĻ񰡣
ȻɶҲûо͸ԼڲȥˣҲԼһˣ  첻֪ǣ׶շŰٷ֮ٵİգΪ̫ҪĶˡ
ױҲȱİ֣ĿǰĺǹӮɣ  ϣĿʲôײûлش⣬Цʵ
Ȼ޳ɽٷˣЦŵϲ̫ܣ
ΪΣ׿ʵ
Դѷҵ徳ڣѾϼˣοأ缸ǧ꣬һû˵֮˰
̸ʱ˱ƺҲʧĺܡ
Цŵʵɽٷأ
Ȼ־ԶɲףڸоСһƣ  ɽٷ񾳽ڵʵܹԼ  뵱ҲǺ˵ҪɽٷԽǵԽơ
ôȱԴ£ÿһҲıһ㣡  ʼ磬ֻһϣСΣ
С壿Сӵʴϻ۵ģȱݣЩϧˣ쿴˿С΢΢̾
ͷ㡭ǣǰô֪ҾͲУ
СҲǷǳĲͷЩϰˣԸճ֮ԼҲһ
쿴һ۽СҪʲĻΪͽˣ£
׿˿ЦŵϣҪȻǴΣ
ģЩƵĿʵʲôģ㲻˵СǸŰɣҪĵĻҿ϶򣡣
׿˿СС壬˶㣬Ҳܰɣ
С˭Ըľ͵һϲأοһֱʶԼǸϲ񣡣
ϣС嶨Ȼ˵Ϥ࣡
׿˿ЦŵȻϲСΪͽܣǾɣ
Ǻǣ»У
Ҳǰ뿪Ц˵˵ʵЩ̫
ɿ鿴˼ҪͽܣԼҲܹŰɣ  ϣղ˵Ҫģ֪ϸҲңЩ̼Ŀ
ʵ˽˵ģȶҹ˲ࡣ
ҲΪʲô׿һԭټʵǳʸû˵£Щϧˡ
쿴˿׳Ϸɲ˵öʲô
һҲѧˣ  ׿˿΢΢һЦͶСܷ֮񵽴Σ
磿ûиɣҲҸҶģ
ڸоǰֱǸ˰  ͽСʣ֮ڴﵽ
ȻֻȾһΣһҪͻƵҲҪġ
ӲҪǰλûеĽСˣ
쿴˿׳׼ôҶģ
ܼ򵥣С֮ڴﲻ磬ϸҵİ֮Լһʹ׿
˵İҶģһЦⲻӮľ
Сﵽأ׿Ҳ΢΢һЦ
⡭Բܣ
̰ڰֵȻĿǷΧ֮ڡ
Цŵ˵
컹ûС֮ڴﵽĻҡ㣡
һָоһ׼ڿԼƺֲ̫ܣ
ˬһЦˬ죡С֮ڴﵽĻԺҾ̫幬ĸΣ
һͲˣСܴ֮ﵽ磿Ҷˣ
ҧҧԼôһ˿˿ĿʧܣҲ̫С˰ɣ
һѭŵԵˣȻӦˣԼˣҲǻԸķġ




270һ
 

СңеĲˮ˰ʦ  ȻԼԼҲûжģԼڵʦȻԼ϶ġ
ȻҲǱһӾͷģ˶ԼģԼôܹԼûأ
׻˵úãһ㣬һ
С屻˿̫ˣһ֧Լֿ϶ԼʦٲŬ˹ˣ
һǴ̼˽С壬һָס
һ˫  ʵϣĿǰǿеİѽСƵҲûġ
ţ첻֪
챻ʵҲΪǰ˵˼ά˼ģǲѰ·  СǸˣһԵȴ磡
˵νԼĸ׺Լˡ
ǲףӦøһЩ
ɵްȪ˹ʱе
ʱôĸ֣Աܹ࣬Ըأ
˵ôˣ  Щ糾͵͸һӵļ
ԭһΪֻкʯһĶĶû뵽ھȻҲˣ
ƹ鶼ˣЦʵ
Ҳʱһ׼ʱУЦŵ
΢΢ͷǾ͵źհɣ
һҪȻλңϢΣ˿Ҳȫ
ҿǻȴطɣȻҲǣȴʡ͵ĵƣ
һˣǲ£  ߿ǴżƿأҪȫĻҲ൱ѵġ
ײڳ״֮ǰǳôĻ˳ӪȾβһǳĲ  ͷǾ߶ƹˣ
ҲǷΪĪ⣬ҪʲôԼĲֹܹ  ԼҲϣ뿪ңУװȫʯŰȫ
Ȼֻķ֮һĺʯҲ൱  ʯķָңѾȥˣһҪɵĻ
ô¾Ǵһ  ΪԵĹһ£һٿ׬ȡǧƷʯ
ǧƷʯʲô
ңһҲƷʯƷʯۺϳɼƷʯǾٿ飡  Ҳ˵һߵңʮ
һ֮µʱܹõңŴѴѵĽпֱӽΪźĵҲ˵
˷ܡͣ
´˿̵쳣ȴеڴһĿʼˡ
պʱ
ʱʱвһʱʱ䣬ңнˡ
㼸ϯе˸صǸ֮⣬Ѿˣ  磬벢⣡  ûкöܹôĽǰ翴Դѷ
ɻһܶ˶֪ǾǳŵĳĶ
ЩΪһʯƴЩǻԼгǧʯȴ۾գһ£
˺֮Ĳ࣬ȻƽȴҲûκεİ취  ´˿̾վڵİᣬĵȴ׵˵ĵ
ûм棬һεĽʵ̫̫ˡ
͵һʯǻϾ൱ھٰNೡˡ
ΪһεᣬҲɷѿĵ׼һЩĶ
һᣬעҪңеʷ֮У  ΪʯǱУҲľ͹Ϸ˵ġ
״˽˰֮У¾վڰ棬ҲЦŵƹˣ
಻ܹ࣬Ϊµң
µѾֿ˻˼ɵ۶ûлһ£  һ˵Ļ¼ǰɵɣңҲǺϲ£ˡ
ӲҪڵˣ
˻ǲٵİ
ЦŵѾǸܵްȪ˵λãһԼڲԶİ֮ڡ
һο¾Ҫ൱ļҰºٺһЦ
ΪΣ׿ʵ
µڤҵҲˣ
ļٵİ
СһֵʱҲ¶һĤݵĸо
ⱱڤǸʲôģЩС׵Ŀ¡
¾Ŀ׵Ȼ֪ڤңǿĵһбڤе峤
ǰʦҪ˭ʯ࣬û˸Ҹ峤ˡ
СҲЩĤݵ˵ǺǮԼ֪ԼǮûȱʯ  ʵһ




271±Ƶ
 

ң¥
ԭδעڤУ֮ǰҲû˵
֪ʵⱱڤ൱ţȻڸŷǵзֵȽϵ١
ɱڤһĳУÿĽ˵ܹռ罻Ķʮ֮һ
ⱱڤежٵĲƸһȻҲ֪ˣ  ⱱڤеıĶҾǱڤҡҲʱ˵
ţ
ʶ΢΢ͷɵʶɨߵʱ򣬲徳ڵǿߣǷһЩЦõ飡  ô
¿׵ɫЩԣϽʵ
΢΢һЦƹ¾ȥæɣߡ
УǱҲе顭
ңô꣬Ȼ֪׿϶лҪߵ˵ܿʧڵİ֮У
ôˣ
оЩ֣ǱǷʵ΢һεĸ֡
磬ܹͬʱӵ徳ڵֱӻһʵݵ֣  ϣȥһҵİЦŵ
ǰ첻Ҫڤҵ峤һ벻
Ȼһλʿˣɱڤҵǿ󲢷ܹᲢ۵ġ
֮ǰڣ첻ڵĸްȪҪ˵ȥӲڣҲˣ  ǣȥ͸˵֣߸ȤġΪŵ˵
֣֣
Щ𾪵Ŀףôʲô˶ʶأ  ݣһôķأ
ӵкʯűڤδûУһǹմҲ˵أ
գ
³֣һԵҲ𣡣  ˵Լ֣Լʶǰôأ  Ȼ𾪣ȴûʲôΪǰ˵ˣûеһԲܹ¶Լݣ
ʼ˭˵־ã
Цŵϣˣ
ЩƵĿ˿ףһƶӣҲЩԥ߳˰ᡣ
˭ѾΪ׵ĸأƺЩ̫
ȥıӰĶ׿ֻ΢΢յͷ
ڸղţȻҲ˾βһˣ  ȻǸŮαװĺܺãĻһĳǿҲע⡣
ǴľȻûдﵽôĿֲҪ˵˵һû˸˵ڶˣ  ղȻҲ̽飬ȴδ߾ȻҲһλβһŮڳ  ݣһλգҲǺ顣
İ䣡  컹δ䣬ѾǱ˸סˡ
죿
ƺʶ죬һʱҲǽˡ
·壿û뵽㾹ȻͶҡ
ԭֻ΢΢һɨû̫ע˵˭ɵԼĳ·֣Ҳһ㶣
峤о֮û뵽ʦ־ȻҲط㲻Ǳ׷ɱѾô
·ɫÿһֱѹԼһͷȻΪ徳ǿߣȻ͸ʵ
ƾڵǰЦһ
·ΪĿʦ֣˴ǰΪ£
һ仰Ҫ峤˵
ҿûҪ˰ɣʲôȻ峤·嵲ĸǰ
Ϊסң쿴ų·һ
أ촵ӵ۵ʱ򣬴ӳ·ĺֳһλߡ
ݳ
쿴Цݳǵﰡ
죬ּˣ
ݳ˿̿ʱɫҲ൱Ĳÿ
ΪСӾȻʵǱǿôܺأ  ʦʦô£⴫
ݳһλѣ峤ٷ˰ɡ
峤ҼҪһ𡭡ͳֻĻꡣ
Ҳ΢΢վ
峤ݳЩǵĿ
΢΢һЦλʦܹסˣҲõġסˣǵĵҲǶĲ𣿡
⡭
ݳҲǣ峤ţû뵽Ҳˡ
Ҫ峤֣Ҳѡôطݳ·壬ֺαصأһҼҪ峤
ߣôļӣݳЦһû뵽ѱ죬ȻҲˣ
΢У΢΢һЦҪҲȥأ
峤һ仰Ҵ峤˵峤仰ͻȥˣҲƵĺܣЩء
ŶҵҪʲôı⣡΢ЦĿ졣
գ
³֣ûʲôһŮѾǻʧɫĸо




272½
 

˭
ЩĿ˿죬δע⵽һԵŮѾǻ
Ҳ
쿴һãӣ˲оֻڶ
ѾҲôİɣ
˼ѹҲ֪յ˭һﾹȻԼˡ
Ҫ֪Աߣݳͳ·ɶǵԼľְ  ݳһ죬ƭ˾Ȼƭ峤ͷˣ
һԵĳ·Ҳ峤ʵǷҪȻٷ뿪ҵסˣ
һݳͳ·˵ǲ񾭲ҪǶֻϻ
ҲһɻĿ죬ʱһԵŮѾק½ǵ
СۣôˣΪ۵ĿǰŮӡ
Ůӽۣ˵ʵҲԵɺ֮ʶġ
ʱͱ۸סˣ뾡취ۿģӮ۵ķġ
ֻһֱ飬Ծ͵ˡ
Ҳ˵ˣǲҪڤңҲҪȢ֡
ȻͼԱˣϾǱڤΨһĴˣֹ֣϶ǻڤҵġ
ҲǰµģǸʱֵ׷ɱβһ塣
۶ܼʱ˵Ļ´˿Ѿڵĵˣ
ҡȥ۵ļЩԿԿļ
ȥȥ￴һʹĿۣ֮ʹκ˶ܹܵġ
һڣΪ˿ܲӪȾβһ峤ˡ
֪̫ˣ  üԴҲǿԵģΪ۵ڳݳͳ·֮⣬ֿԵˣ  һƣҪھȳβһ峤褣ʵ»ǲġ
˵׻ǳţôûһĵأ
ȻҲеϣӪԼˣҲ֪ǿǲеģ
֪ɽлƫɽУⲻȥ  ԲԸ⿴һĻ
Ĵ۾磬ȥλǰ˵ǸǱ߿
㡭
Ȼ뵽һֿԣʴϻȻǺܿ뵽
š
ۺ֮ƺЩղĵͷһԵλָоЩ  ¶һ˿Цݵ𣿡
۵ͷһǼпǵ峤
βһ壿
ԭûۣɵϸĹ۲֮ȴִŮ˼ΪĻסԼϢ
ı徹ȻǾβ
ֲҲǳԲβһĻĸܹԵأ
ǰ·ɣ
ϳ۵ݣ˵ʵʵ൱ġ
ǶνȤˣʵʵӵķǷ
˵ǽȾβһأ  ׼ȥǱߣҲһɻȻ֮˰  ׵İᣡ
ȻϵȻܸоʲôԼ
ΪʲôҪϴԼأ  Ѳ׷ʲôɣɾβһѾ壬ûпܻ˲  Щ˼⣡
֨  űƿһ˲䣬ӳľȻһ쳣Ϥݣ  ۣտǰˣⲻԼĺý
㡭㡭峤
һûиϣյձ仯ʵ̫һҲ֪ôˡ
̳ȥԼϵĻ¶һǵľգ
һԵļ˿ŶЩˣ
Ȼ㰡á
һ˵յĻУ˽ӵһ
һ̣˸оһᣡ  ľβһ壬Ҳֻʣûܹˡ
һͷʹ֮ǻعˡ
ǰүǿ޿ӣҲЩ˼˵ԡԲ𡭡
΢΢ҡͷûµģйͺˣ
ǰеλ
΢΢̧ͷ׿˹ɵʵʱЩйĸо
ԭΪʲô֣ڿⲢǸְ  ҪԭΪԼƣҪ˺ȥȳ۵ˡ
ӦŹͬĿ꣡  ȻˣʲôԱ߻һĸ򣬶һǾǶһϣ




273º
 

λּ
쿴ЦŽܵ
һԵݳмЦЦ˵찡ԽôоԽأһڵСӣҲԸ׷棿
΢΢鴤Լһĵ
񱻵֮ͬ䣬ҲƵ˵ʯҲ⣡ܵ㡭
·ЦһЦ˵ʦָʮ㣬ǰһôãʦ˰
쿴˲Ը˵˵ȥɣиͳ׽ˡ
˵ʵ徳ڵľ磬һڵСѵıڣ⴫ȥȷЩˡ
˾һԾŶǶҲûа취飡
ų·ݳȻ˵ʦʦÿһ˶Լѡ񣬲ˣ
ǣ峤
ô˵Ҳǹ˵
Ȼǵͽܣ˼ݰء
˵ˣ峤ţպԽǿ϶ǰ϶飬ڶҲǷĵġ
׿˿
һλ˵ʵǺģϾ˼ݰء
ȴֵˣ⵹оԼЩСǰ֮ˡ
˵˼Ҳʲô֮أ
׵û뵽ǻԵˣ
׿΢΢һЦѣλ
ˣ˵
տֿۣ˿¶һ˿Цݵ۽㣬ϲˣ
峤ͲҪȡЦˡ۵ҸζΪ൱Ĳǻ
ֺǻȫǷԷθģֲɵӣôܹоأ
˵ˣӢͺ׵õŮӵġ
׳֪һκҹΪ£ᵥΪպ۽ô򵥰ɣ
΢΢ͷ峤֪ڵһγ״ô
ߣڸҶ˵ˣȻĳˣ
Լ̬ȣһԵݳͳ·ɫһ䣡
ˬ죡
ҲˬʵЦڶλ徳ڵǿߵĻȻҪʡȥ̫ˣ
˼ǣ΢΢бӣҲо׸Լ뷨൱
׿峤˲˵״ҿ϶ҪȥģյĸײԸ֮˵ð֮踣ȻҲĿյĸ۸ǣ
УƾһڵСӣݳһԲм˵
ǣȥڻҵʸ¶ɣ·ҲЦһ
쿴ҲЩ㵵ʵ˵㲻Ҫڿսɣ
׿ǰֻҪŵԾˣ
㡭СǿӻΪʯȻҪСһơ
СӵҲ̫˰ɣ
βһҲ˵ˣղſ۵ʱ͸о̫á
֮һƣ  ׺ĶԻ֪ԼӲˣ
ӦҪİȫҪȥµĻԼܹܲĿŰɣ
ϣҲǿ֮ˣ㲻Ը⣬ǵԼʧЧ
ײһҪţſ϶кôûлġ
ʯԼżȻãۣ
ӵĻֻܹԼˡ
쿴׾Ȼд˵ҲƵ˵ȻʲôˣҲǸ֮ˡһ񾳽СӶҸڿ⣬ʲôҵģ˴򲻹£
Ǻǣ򲻹ȻˣѲɻűɱɣЩ뿪Ц˵
˿׵ǼǰҲֻλ徳ǿߣ˿ȥҲڻҵĽɫ
˿ˣЦŵʱ°ɣ
ţ
˴Ĵָ
ԭԼѾǹŵˣԼڤҵԼĶˣҲû˸ҶԼ
û뵽ʲôŶ֪СӣȻԼš
ƾ˾Ҫڰӣ  µʱԼôĶ֪  ׿˿ҸһӦڣҼȻӦգȻҪȫ
屡죬ĳ
峤Ҫڿ⣿ݳɫΪѿȻбڤڳأ
ʦʦλʦСһѣλʦҲ֪ڵĴȻĻҶȻɱڣ¾βһ壡
˫ȭգóʵҲһˣΪһЦԸϷ  峤⡭ҪǱ峤֪Ļݳӣ̲ס̾һðɣ峤Ӧǣ
˿׵ڵޣһ
΢΢һЦˣ
λңѾ뵹ʱ׶Σλ




274벻Ʒ
 

ԭᣬϣ׵Ϊ
Ǳ£Ҳֻܹ˳ȥˡ
ʱµǻһɫʼˡ
λңʱٰһᣬΪЩִ٣λԭ£ʽʼǵĵһƷǡ
µʽʼ֮ǰЩƷصظ˵һȤûС
ƺȴźʯĳ֣  ʱǺܿ죬֮ǰЩΪһ̵ѡ
ԶްȪİ֮У
ްȪΪڵĸȻҲǵλ磬ңôȴҲٲ˵ġ
ްȪİڣްȪ֮⣬վһˡ
㣬ڸ徳ڵǿߣ
ڵĲҲӦ֪Ҳûа취Ｏôʯ
ΪҪ׼Լĳ״䣬ްȪ֣Ҳûа취ͬ
һްȪҪҲΪ֣ȻҪΪԼＯƷʯ  ƷʯڲòһóԼļҵأ
ʵûа취ֲްȪԼڣֻܹһ²ߣ
ްȪ΢΢һЦ٣βһ屻ŻҪ̣ȴֲҪóôú𣿡
ɫһǺ⣿
ߣҲûиҶβһ壬ȴռȣôҲóɣ
ްȪһ  ѾóλβһŮ͸Ѳ⣿
ɫ൱ѿҪǿްȪڸķϵĻڶȻôġ
һ˴Ϊڵ۷  βһ壬ǿǶž޴ģ  ްȪ˹˵λˣҴβһҪһ룡
ɫ൱ѿǲ̫ˣ
ްȪһЦ̫ûں֧ǣΪǻٰܹ״䣿
һˣ
ɫѾѿ˼㣬֮ǰްȪû˵
һҪλβһ˳ʱȻ˵Ҫһһ룡  ĸǾ͵ڰװ͸  ްȪҲϼ޻֮ˣ֮ǰ˸ǰһ㶼ûἰ¡
û뵽Ȼ˳ǳ״ˣ
Ҳûа취ûڵ֧֣ºܿͻᱻ졣
ްȪЦĶԼǰһҪľǾβһˣ  ´˿Ҳ൱˷ܣ  βһ壬ǿϡƷȻ۸϶ʯ
βһλŮһǼ۸ȻҲǾ춯صġ
ýӦԼգһӲ֪Ҫ˶ٵʯ
֮ǰЩƷûһ˿˿ĸ߳ȴû˿Ļң
֪һȻᱻһµĸ߶ȣ
¿΢΢һЦЦŵ֪λڴźʯĳ֣⵹ڶƷŸλҲмȤ
˵ƹǿɶǳźʯģͲҪˡ
ǰƹǧĸϹѰģ
ʱޣңĻɲҪֱˣ
ǰǰЩǶ˯ˡ
ԭΪһƷʯˣҪ֪˿ɶǳźʯġ
ԭҲôΪģɾڸող֮ǰоȻĸŮߡ
һ֪׼λβһŮ
ڻǸð֮踰ָԼʲôϵأ
ԼֻҪ׬ȡ㹻ʯͿˣ  ¿΢΢һЦλ԰꣬βһźܶ˶Ӧ֪ɣ
ⲻǷϻ;βһ峤ϲǵȻ֪ˡʲôϵ
ǰŵһλӸģЦһ
¿¶һ˿ЦݵһƷ͸βһйأλβһˣ
˻
µ˶ǵһβһĸ˾Ȼó
ֱ̫ˣ  Ҫ֪βһǺѲֵɲǳڣԼҲǷǳкôġ
ʲôβһ壿ƹǿЦİɣ
ǰǸƺˣ  ´һָܿβһŮѾǳ˵ĸǰ  һӣȫȻ
˶û뵽ңоȻҲܹŪβһŮӡ
ԭЩͷˣһӱÿ  ʯֻôһ㣬βһŮҪǵõһҲ൱
PS˵һ飬22űλıְɣ




275±
 

׵İᣡ
ղ˵֮ǰѾǸܵ˼ɾβһϢ
֮ʣްȪ˵ĶԻ
ްȪΪ˵õʯƴ˰
Ȼڵ˰Ѿβһó
ĿĲԶΪ˴ܹõʯʯ
պۿԼĽõʱ˼ͬʱɴ۾  ЦһǲʯˣԼԼ
ݳİѾβһ嶼óĻûбҪ󶯸ɸˣ
׵ڸôһʱҵȥӪȾβһ壬ѹҪСܶడ
׵ͷǰȰ⼸ȳ˵ɣ
պ۶εĿǰˣǿܹȳһһ  һˣھβһǶǱһϣǣ
һƷʯ
֮ʣѾըˣŵһ˿ʼۣܿ۸һ·  Ʒʯ
İƷʯ
˰Ʒʯ
һǧƷʯ
۸񼸺һ˲Ѿһ˿ֲ֣  һǧƷʯǿ൱һǧƷʯ
ﵽ֮⾺Ѿ֮ľˡ
һǧƷʯ
ʱԱߵһᴫһͳ
ЦһҶǳû뵽һﾹȻҲˣ
ҶңݳüͷҲһ峤û뵽ҶҵҲˣ
һǧƷʯ
Űڵ˵ǰ˵Ȼֹ
Ϊ˭ֻ֪Ҫڰڵ˸ȤĶû˸֮
ܹڰˣǿɶ̳  ߣû뵽ѾһλβȻ֪㣿ǿٺ٣
Ҷǳ᳹ȫһ֪˵ݣ  ڤҵ峤ҵθԹ԰
û뵽پȻҲˣʯǻз𣿡
ѾʯβûϷ
һֱּٰ̫ˣ
һݣ˶ըˡ
ҲЦһҶǳ㾡ۣܿžǡ
ǧƷʯ
ҶǳЦһҶҸڤԭƲͷ
ʱ˭Ըأ
üͷ΢壬һԵݳ峤һһʹǧƷʯ
ΪЩѣľôȨҲǱˣ
ϣܹ֮ЭƺѾ˺ͼ峤ս׼  ·忴峤ǧʯòµĻҲΪˣ
ôֻǧ򣿲ǶһƵ˵
峤˵Ƣ֪ġݳҲΪε˵
˿ݳǧƷʯ

ȫһƬȻ
ǧƷʯȺ˵ļ۸񼸺Ѿͱңô곾ļ¼˰  ٣ȻǮҶǳЦһǧʯΪŵҲɣǧƷʯ
Ҷǳı۵ʱһ£
ǧƷʯֱǿֲļ۸񰡣˵ʵһʼĹҲһǧǧ֮䣡
ⱱڤҺҶλˣ۸ֱ  ֻЩû뵽ǣȻ׵İ棬ѲλصҲʶɣ
ɫѿ˼㣬ҪƽʱĻһƷʯΣ
ɽһɸΪ֮ĸо  һԵۿͨ죬Щο˵磬ͺãֻֽܹû
ʵҲ֪ǧƷʯ˼ѾǾˣ  ҲһԵ⼸λ˸л峤Ķ飬ֻܹѰɣ
ԲСۡ
  ʵ̫  ųһٵԼû뵽ԼȻһΪʯо
鿴ȥΪƣҲûκεİ취
ݳ̾һٷˣ峤Ѿˣ
ǧ
ΪҪصʱ׵Ȼ𣬹᳹ȫ
ǧǲԴż˰
Ҷǳ֮дһ˿֮⣬һȻ״εĺǧ  ǧƷʯ
׵һε⼸ǧǧƷʯŷѾԾͺǧƷʯļ۸񣡣  㡭
Ҷǳ۵ʱǱߣ
ǧƷʯҶǳǳ𣬿һŮһǧƷʯ۸̫ˣ
£ҲҪΪصĴۣ
ҶǳɲϣԼ˵ԩͷһʱƺЩ䳡ĸо




276ҶǳVSްȪ
 


ԭЩҵ˲оǰһ  ôǰλأ˼ȻܹʿˣҲǵ֮
ղһζĿԼȴû뵽ǰ֮ӦҲһʵˣ
ǰûʯ𣿡
Ҳһ۸׺ǲǰ֮ǰ˵Լûʯ  ǺǣûʯѲûж𣿡׿Цŵ
̻Ȼ˵ǰ˵Ǻʯ𣿡
ʲôʯǵģҲһ
׿ͷǺǣ𣿡
û뵽ϾȻ˵ĺöҲЦʯļ۸Ͳһˣ  ǧƷʯһΡ
ǧƷʯΡ
ûг۵ˣûеĻǡǧƷʯΣϲ6Űᣬλβһ˾͹ˣ
Ҳ¶һ˿ЦݣǧƷʯһӾͿ׬ȡ˰ټƷʯ
ôҲùˣ  ²һʮ̰ĵˣһλصĻҲûᣡ  ûĻлλβŮõң
תһ֪˿϶ҪǮʯģ  ¾ˣۺʯļ۸٣һ۾ˣ  ˰ټƷʯףѾûκεĺ֮ǣ
ҶǳЩĿŸڣԱһźɫҵӿ峤ǴеĿĿǺʯ峤ֵͻ֮ʣʯ
ˣҶҶǳԵЩ꣬Щͷ
ƽΪʲôͻȻʯˣ
ʵҶǳѾһҪȻĻҲϵĸƴˣ
ߣûбҪĺʯҪСӶ˶Ѽȥ
ҶǳӼ䷢һߣ񶼸оһɱ
СһֱǾϵȴűСӸѹƣҪ
棬ǽһƷʯ׼Ʒʯ
µĸǰһԼĪ֮ǰķ֮һСĺʯ  ʯһ˽һ𾪣  ׼ƷʯʲôһſҲôˣ
ȻˣСңȼӵдеЩ˵ɾͲһˣ
ȻƷʯܶ࣬ЩŻ߼Уⲻһֶѣ
ҵθԹԣ⣬·ҿ¶ῴһ۰
ǰû뵽Ǵ˵еĺʯ
ĵرǷҵǰ¶Ҫ
ƷʯȴһΪֿû뵽
һƬΪƷʯ𲽼ʵ̫̫ˡ
ߵǶоһı
ްȪİ֮У
ƷʯòֲԸһεĻᡣ
ղλβһŮӣ͵õǧƷʯ
неʯһҲŸոһƷʯ
ڼްȪԼӵǧƷʯҲһƷʯѣ  ްȪһƷʯްȪڵģΣ
Ǿβһ壿
ɲԸɿڣڲβ⣬ǼٶļƷʯֻҪŵļ޶ԡ
ߣҪڲβһҲУƷʯްȪбۿ˿һԵ
㿴ްȪԥһᣬҧҧ򣡣ϣ޸˵㻰
׼ղŸҿΪּۻ۰ްȪ¶һ˿յЦݡ
Ӧ㲻ԼĸΪڶŶţ
˿ɴڵţްȪҲ˲ˣȵõʯ˵
ӵǧƷʯްȪνʢһʱ
Ʒʯ
Ҷǳû˴ްȪѾȱ˸۸Ʒʯôĺʯν൱ıˣ
ĿƷʯµĻԼ׬أ  һǧƷʯ
ްȪʾ˵ɲϣⶫߡ
һǧټƷʯ
ҶǳһްȪڵλãһû뵽ڵҲŴ֡
Ŀˣ  ǧƷʯ
ǧƷʯ
ǧ
Ʒʯ
δۣҶǳްȪѾɱۺˣ  ֮̽ԭ׼ۣӲıθߵƷʯ




277ѪҶǳ
 

ңֳ  ѾЩţΪһš
ΣҶҺͱڤҶǳصģȻʵѷһȴҲẦ֮濹⣡  οźͳ֮Ϊʲôޣôܿսأ
˵һǧ˰ٵ˭Ҳɣ  Ʒʯȥһʯǲеˡ
Ҳû뵽ްȪ˵ķҪ֪һӵƷʯǿٵأ
ްȪȴô룬ǵֻԼ
ֻҪԼǿˣʱԴһоУ  ްȪδ㣬һһǧƷʯʯ
۸ֻԽԽȺƺڵȴյ¹˭֣
׿˿Цŵô׬һ˰
ЦЦʯȷǺöΪɬĻҲŹġ
׿˿ֿȱʯʲôʱҵҲν
ȻƷʯȻգһ۾
ҲǱ׵ˣһ˵ĻôҲ˵Ļ
ԼҺвɵʱҪ˲أ
ʵ̫ˣ  ˭ŹͬĿأҲЦ
ֵ˵ĻҾͲˣҲϣҶǳСѹһͷ
ǧƷʯ
˿̣Ű˶ˣ
ȻĵһٰҪô֣һֱȻʯƾ찡
ҸղŻΪûǮأ
ЦأôûǮĺǱڤеĲְ֧
кϷˣڡҶҺͱڤͬʱ֡
ǰӵкʯҲ֪˭˵һ񾳽ڵˣûð
һƬ˽  ڳĿɶǸ֣һЩϸ΢Ƕܹڶеġ
Ҷǳ˿һԵĺ˵ڳˣ
峤˵Ѿڤбɱôôᡭ
ߣҹҪңҶ໨ǮɣҶǳ΢΢ߵ֪˭˭أ
峤˵ˣһ۸񳬹ĻʱȲҪ֣˳
ȻûгȻ֣ҵҪôǮ
ҶǳоԼôҲ䣡
ްȪҪмۣ˿̵ҶǳѾǴ˳Ʒʯ
ްȪûһͷԵԼλϣƷʯ  ɶ˼ֱӾͲԼ£
оԼһԹûеطй˶һֱıԵ  ԼеʯҲûƷʯ
˿һԵ㣬ҲʼҲ㣬Ϊˣ
˶һҪǣްȪĶͷ¶Ȼ˿̵൱ߣ  һߣ
Ҳüͷ̫ߵĻҾͲҪˣʯȻ󣬿ҲûдﵽҪɵĵز
ν
׷ôоνܹͻƵĶʵ̫ˡ
ʯȻãܹʯȺʯõĶҲ൱ġ
Ѱ߿ʯƺǸֻȦʯһ߶ѣ
ǧƷʯ
һνмۣ۸ܹĻȻЩʯϾǸö  Ʒʯ
ֻ⻰䣬Ҷǳļ۸ѾǸ˳  ۸Ѿﵽһ̾Ϊֹĵزˣ˵۸磬Ҳûмܹġ
ҶǳȻôȤĻǾ͸ˣ
ʼҪˮҲûʯ
ʯҲıƷܹҶǳˮԼҲǸоˡ
Ҷǳ໨һƷʯ
ȻһƷʯʲôر֣ɰһҶңо̹  ߣٲǺųƺǮô᲻мأҶǳдһ˿˵
ܲĻһǮ٣ȴϲѧ˼ҵԩͷȻôϲʯȥѽұڤлĲȱⶫ
Ӵ컹Ӳû˭Ц㣬ǲǰһ٣
Ҷǳг˳һֺӮļ֮飡
˴˿̶ǳҶǳķţĸо൱ĺð  ɫƷʯɽʯʱԼѾǲ
һССңзֵ꣬Ȼһĳɽﵽǧ༫Ʒʯңеķֵ꣬˭õأ
ްȪѾĹĵˣҶǳȻõ˺ʯлǲˬ
ǵҶǳ¶˵ϲʱȻ׺һ˳
һ׹ǹϲ㰡ȻɵӻƷʯôʯ
Ҳ֪ӦǹҶǳģͦϵ˵Ǯ
һЦȻôϲǾ͸˰
ⶫǵİ
ҶǳǰһڣоԼЩѪڣһѪ˳




278ڵظ
 

  ŵƽʡַǷΪβһ峤褵ĳ״ڽУ
һγ˲ٵĳŹΪľ鲻¡
·Ϊ˾׼˺ܳһʱ䡣
βһȻкܶ۲ѣҪδȻ
һȥϲĺܣԱһλ׵ŮӣȥЩ
ŨױĨˣ  ŮӿȥҪոһ˿ζ˻ǣơ
褣ҷ޶˳״ӣôüĿɲ̫ðɣ 褣һ˿֮ɫ
βһ壬ǿǶԼž޴棡  ǰ֪ɺһżпβһ˫֮ȻĶ
˭֪βһŮòɺ֪βһ˫ô£
бһ۳·壬Цֻϣ˵㻰Ҷ˳ɻ֮󣬷Ҿβһ壡
С褣ѵ㻹㱣ֻ֤Ҫһܹɳ״䣬Ϸˣ
ĵ˵ȴһ˿Į
βһ˴ץסģôô׵ľͷŹأ  Ҫ֪Ϊ飬ľӪ˺üųɹġ
βһ嵽ʱڸ۷ϣ
һ׷ˣȻΪ˳ɣΪ˲ֶΣ
ίߣôڸ˵ϣأ
һ褺Լһ˽ĳ״䣬ǲ͵βһǳĳϲ  ʱߵǰǾռһˣ  ҲΪʲôҪŪ״ԭҪһдʣҪһ˳ɣ
ǳǸĻûг·ô
ԼܹȫԼˣǾԼӦġ
褿˿̾һϣܹҲŹģ
С褣ȥװһ°ɣһиźͼĴڣʱҪǶڵӣǿɱҡ
¶һ˿ЦݣòĶ
˪ؿųİɣ褴ӦȻ˵
褵ɫ൱ѿһжģҪҲǲ̫ܣ
ֻԼһ˵Ļܲˣ
ôˣҲҿ˱ڵ塣
С褣֮ǰյҶ´Ϣ˵ѾǷŮյټɵĻӦܹϵǵĻ񡣵ʱҶŮĳ״Ҳһˣ
ϹһЦݣ͸һ˷֮顣
Ůǰôˣһ·徹Ȼ˵ѾҵԼŮ￩һ¡
˵βһ֮ʱܳȥʧٵ˲࣬Ϊ峤Ȼĺܡ
ĿǰֻպѾͷܳȥϣܵԶԶģҪٻˡ
û뵽ԼŮվȻˣ϶ѾͷҪԼԲŻᱻֵġ
ôŴɣȻýȢˣ һ
ˡ
ʱһڵ۵ޱĿų
ߣʲô£ ˳
ˣ˵һѾ׼ǰȥӴһŵĿˡ
ͳȥȴǳĳȡ
ͷһ褣ȻųҿˣҪǳ֪ô
ģκҲڵҡıô
ٺЦһ˭Ҳ֪ڻôһ徳ǿߣٺ٣
˵꣬ڴķ˹ȥ  ųȥıӰҲ¶һ˿ĺ⣬صķǳĺá
ʵϳǳʦܣ츳Ҳ൱ǿΪ֮ǰͳʧܲ㱻ɱ  ĳֻܹһöڰӣ˶ѣ
ҲԳ֮Ϊڵ
Ȼⲻǳı⣬ɳ޶СɶڳϣҲûκεİ취  ǳˣܹı
ʵվȳһߣȻͬΪ徳ڵǿߣȴǳĶ֣
ôҲû뵽Ϊû˸˵ҵʱѾȻĳ褵ĸǰ
׺ߵڵʱδ̫ܵ
ȻˣһжΪ·ԭһڹƽʱ붼벻顣
˼Ҫˣвŵĵأ  ڵĸвʲôصע󣬳ްȪܶеȤ֮⣬˻ûʲôȤ
˲ȻҲҪ̽һʲôȻڡ
֮ȴﾹȻһλ徳ڵǿء

֮ǰ鱨ɲ̫һҲ˵λ徳ڵǿߣ  ׸оֵģǰλ徳ǿߣȻǸмӡ
ҪôǱ˿ˣҪôо֮
ɴǳУ׿һĨ޵Ŀ⣡  й£
׿Կ϶ǣйµģ
м϶ĻôǿõģϾǰ֮˿徳ڵǿߡ
׵һ󵨵ļƻѾǽγˡ




279°ݼǰ
 

˭
ǱģȻЩ鲢Ҫɵ飬֪߳κε顣
³ŹԼģΪβһڳڼΪҪ
㲻мɳ·ѾôˣڵԼôأ
ּ򣡣
վ褵ķſڣһѾǽ褵ķ䡣
ԭǱױ磬ȻôѾûа취ˡ
üͷһһ䣬漴Ҳǽ褵ķ䡣
󷨣
һ͸оһĲ֪ԼƺѾ˱˵Ȧ档
׿ųЦһЩʶ
ߣһ񾳵СӣҲڱǰ񣿣ɨһףЦһ
ʯ֮䣡
һʵʵѾǳ׵ķ  ԭΪʲôֹ£ɵ˵ʱҲ¶˲м֮ɫ
ڣԼһüˣ  䣡
׿ʵʵֻ֣赭дĻӻ֣ǰ֮ѾǱķ飡  㾹Ȼʵ
𾪣  ԭһʧȡ֮һãȻ𾪡
Ϊ㣡Цŵ֪ԲԼ褵ġ
㵽˭кĿģдɱ⡣
ûжղһغϣѾǸܵȵ
һʵģԼ͸ʵ
׿ųһ
һεѹѾǵصĳųķϮ  ¡  һѹŪЩǱѾǷѹʵֲ̫
ơ龳
¶˺˵ĹâмѵıQ˼ŶоЩֲ֡
һ徳ڵСޣҲڱǰΣ
һһﲻʶҪԼӲƴ徳ڣΪĲɱǾûġ
ʱƴһĻʱ·֮  ҪóϣǱҪչԼʵͬʱϣ
װһ龳ĸ֣ҲбҪģ  ¡ݼǰ
һý˵ˣǰԼԲĶ֡
񣡣׿ųһǴ峤;βһ뿪ģ
͸һ˿ԥǰ˵Ҫҷ峤ҿ϶
Ķ棬һҲ𾪲ѣ
ղųѿڶ龳ʵһ
ΪԼͦ˽ģû˵ĸų龳ǿߡ
ɻǣͻȻ֮ߣҪԼߣֱ̫ˣ  ǳӦףҲˣ
Ͳ±ھʧô׿ųЦһ
ܻĵͷǰҳֻһˣҪɱҪϤ㡣ɳһСȫϵһˣǰԭ¡ǡ
ǣ
ЦеĿųҲû˼֮ˡ
ǰܹҲĻԵ峤;βһ塭
ҲɵӣǰƺҪ󶯸ɸ꣬ʲôѵĿҲ˵
ȷԼһûᣬ龳ǿ߰
һֵĻǳ϶Ǳɣ  аյıЦЦĿųʵ
ǰһҲ֪ʲʡ̬ҲǽĻָƽ
ʣ׳
ǰʵǿЩ˶˵ǿвˣΪʲôǰһ˿ɻ
ߣҪǱ˵ˣֻܹӳҵʵĻҪȻ׳
ԭǰ
˵ʵһֱҲ⣬׽֮Ҳͨˡ
ôˣһֵĻղ󣡣
˵ǰûо˵İգϾֻʵѣ  ׿ųЦһԸһ徳ڵˣûģ
ǣǰҪôһᣬҪѳһᡣ
ҪǸղչ¶ǿľĻ³ôҲľ
ʹľֻһԭǾ׵ʵ
һֱڳӰ֮£Ѿǳ˳ޣǰôܲأ
ֻһǾǾҪ˲նɱ
˵˵ȥ˵˰죬ʵΪҵһͻƿڣ  û뵽Լ߲鿴鿴Ȼľһͻƿڣ  һίȴнĳ׺˵һļϣ




280²·
 

ǰģҲЩӵģ
ǰλǰȻҪնɱĹҲ͸һӵ˷ܡ
֮λ֧ԼҲ
ܶʵϾ͵ԼҸͶ
ҪһֱûаյĻѾˣ  ΢΢ͷ쳣ĵͳϣܹŵԣնȻƽڣãܣ
ǰң
׵ĻҲ΢΢һ£  ǰôǰʵֲ̫ʵЩ˲𷴿ͷ
ֻܹеλǰܹնɱΪԼɹλӮһ˿ᡣ
峤׿Цһ
ǰ褼ʶǳ֪ǰǡ褿Щ֣ѹҲʶǰ˰
¶һ˿΢Ц峤ŮһҲǰѾͷǰ峤ȥġ
գǰŮһĿס
΢΢ͷβһԨԴԺл˵ɣ峤Ҫõľϡ
ϣЩ̫׵Ŀףǰ褸Ѻ壬ϣǰܹȾҵˡ
Ȼ״һҪʼҲȥ׼һ׿褵һ㰴ճ·趨ˣʣµĽǾͿˣ
ǰ
һ˲оϣˣȻ֪ǰλǰǸʲôģ
ǰҲȥ׼ˣ
˿̵ĳʮ㣬ǰ׷ǵûиʲô˺ҪΪԼ˵һҪĲ裡  ÿѾûκε壬һοľǲɹˣ  ҪľϵԼǰЩ֧ߣҪǣҪڽ쳹׵ĺͳһ£
˶֪¡ضϲڣ˿žޱ䣡  һеʼٸף˿Ѿǻصߣ  ׻ˣ˼һλЩŹֵ˸ɳʲô춯ص  һʧһֵģҲֱ
Ǻλ˱ԼҪӴ
һССڵСȻΪ棡  һԵʵЩ֣ղʧһ˲䣬ԼҲע⵽ˡ
׼ŵʱȴ׾Ȼʧˣ  Լһ徳ڵǿߣȻûиһСС񾳵ˣ
ˣ  ʵǶ˰
տ׵ǰû°ɣ
׿˿ֿ˿յ˵ʲô飿߿
Ҫ˵ЩʲôЩ̫Ҳ˦˦ͷЦ
С忴׵ʦɵСĵ㰡Ǳߵ˺ڴء
СӵǱʦţȻ֪˼ڸɶˡЦ
СͷиҲˣղ˵ġ
׳˵һ£
׵Ļ֮˵ɫһɴսǰϢӿ
Զâ˸оƺĺܣ
ʱѵ
һᴩڵĴ  λǰ䣬ڳβһ峤褳״ӣȸлλǰ񡭡
ڵĴ߳һλԼĪʮµߣķοԱӦǸġ
ͷǳ·ĸΣڵĵһ
Եøǳĸߣ  ˡ
˿֮Ҳǻһ񣡣  οЦŵڳ褡
졢
ĸʽǽ˼£
̤նǱǣŵһλһ
Ҳܹһ  
ղһͰָ˳ҪһԵ˶רעڳ·ǱߵĻ»п¶ڣ
ֿƣ쿴ҲǵһҲܲˣ
յӲסĲţȻһֱԼƣԼĸ֮ôƵסأ  褣ԴӼĵһҾı
ȻʱʼһɿĻ棬úܶ˿ͺϧһ̸˺ܾò޳һ
ڵһЩŮѾ棬Ǿ˴İѾǺѼˣ  褣Ը޸𣿡
ŵͳһöɫ䣬۹ҫ£˸ޱҫ۵â  žԵģ
ȻĶ棬褵ʼ˪ޱȵķŭǶԾβһ¡
޸޸
һƬ֮źܶڵ
Ҳ޸ģ
褲֪ΪʲôȻó嶯  ڳ仰ʱ򣬼ͬʱֹͣϵĶĿǰĳ褣
Ů˲·ư
˿ŭյĿ褣ѾǺ˪棡




281̫ˣ
 

ɵˣ
˳׵ڵҪ֪һֱ൱ŵġ
ѾǴӦ˺úõģû뵽ˣ
˵һ飡
ɫ˲˻ɢһɱ
˵ʮ飬Ҳ޸ģ
ԭǼΪĸң˵ҲҪڹ˼ˡ
褣ˣˣ
ĳǰ˹ȥÿһ˶оѹƺһ֡
ڳЩ͵϶Ǵһ˿Ϸʵı飬ʵ˭ϣں;βһأ
ĻԺǻл  ͻȻԣ˭ϣһϷأ
ߣ  տԼĸΣգȭͷ߬ĺܽĶǰַĵĵǲƭ˵ġ
һԵҲˣβһ屾൱Žᡣ
ڿȻҲᵽɤˡ
պ˶ϣʱܹվһ㶼˵
ΪϵĿɲֻһ˵пǣһȺ˵
ڵڲһ˳ͻʱҪ߾ûôˣ  б䰡
쿴ųеΣҲʱ׼ˡ
ѲҪһֲɣСʵ΢̫׳嶯ˡ
˭ԼѾΪѵıأ
ҲЩƣȴһСµˡ
ѾĴ㣬ҲǴ·ڻûסԼ
ףҲǵô죿
ݳͳ·弸ͬʱ峤ڲ˳֣ڵĸּˣ
˿ݳҲǿ˼λͬʱվ˳
΢΢һЦڲֵĻ峤ˣ

̰˵ˣô˵˭Ҳô  ۻݳˣǶԼ׽ˡ
ûţŵʱҲܹѡ
ߣ˶Ŀ⼯ϣʵǿ죬ڵĿⶼϣ  Ҳһ澰
֮ǰĻ˭Ҳ뵽ǻᱻһ˸ˡ
ȥɣ
Ŀһ䣬Ҫ˵նɱԼ²̨Ůˡ
ȻŮǾβһ峤ôأ
ֲֻһ˿˫ޣβһôˣһЧҲǲġ
  Ҫ֪Լ³жôĲпᣡ  ס֣
ΪױǸȰοʱû뵽׾Ȼ˳
ȫһƬȻ  ˵ĿⶼǼ׵ϣʱ򣬾Ȼ˸ŸɣǿҪܴģ  ˭ɵʲô
ǰڣǲϷ̫ûгˣڵţ
ǳţ»ʵ̫ţˣ
Ҳ֪һôģβһòȻǸǵģΪŮҪ
һƬ˽϶ǿ˥׵ġ
׳ʱҲһײĻǲܶġ
ްȪԭǱ߿Ц·ĿȻ֪ġ
Ҳûȥżһɣ  ׾Ȼվʱ˼ͬʱҲվ˳ˡ
˵ްȪķ־ǺʯײΪעĿꡣ
û뵽˯ͷһﾹȻˡ
ߣǺˣ
û뵽ʱȻ˸ҸԼȥͣ˶褵Ĺת׿ȥ
̫˰
̾һǸʮ㰡 ȥͳȥˣ  Ϊ׵ıڣҲûκΰ취飡  ֻܹվˣҪȻĻʱǱ˵Ц
죿
һʱҲɫһ䣬֮ǰѾްȪ˵ˡ
ڿӵкʯˣӦþνˡ

ЦһĶųһͻȻ֡
Цһ죬Լ
ްȪ֪ʲôʱѾǴķ˸ǰ˿㣬ʣµǸҰɣ
ãģһҪܵ ĿƺѾЩ˼ɡ
ްȪԼ˵ĵһӾ˺ܶࡣ
٣㵹ʩţҳҪºܵ棬֮أ
ʱ򻺻Ĵӳı֣ҪĿĿɲΪĶԸΪסˡ




282³ȫ
 

ң
ԭ˶Ϊʲô񾳵СӱQ϶Ӿͱˡ
û뵽ΪСӳ֮Ӧʵ̫ǿˡ
ֱ֪ðСӡ
ڵ˾ȻҲŴ֣һг·ҲûзС
ɵΪԼĴȫʤȫյʱû뵽Լ֮λĳȻı棡
ôĵӣȻ·ϣ
㣬ڸ׷ߣҲû뵽Ȼˡ
Աߣվһ  Цһ·ϣߣʸ˵
ಣ
ԱߣһӶλ徳ڵǿߣԱȴֻһλ
û뵽ôˣ㾹ȻĲҲãһ˽ˡ
Щ˵ĿųĻΪŵġ
ްȪѾǳɹס죬Ȼûж֣ǸҲûκεˣ
ųЦһҪץҵļˣΪһ㣿
ߣ֮ļ˻ᾭһ˼ Ц˼
˼㻹ǵĵԼɣмĿһ۳
Сͷ°֪ԼĶվŵһλ龳ǿ
Ϊ˼񾳵ģûЦ  ˿˵ҵľβһ峤ͷ
˵꣬һ䣬Χռ𵴲ѣ  һǿѾ˵ΧӿԭҪɱһԵްȪĶţ޴֣  ԱߵλҲǣǸڲԸ
Ȼˣݳͳ·ʼûж֣ΪƺҲûҵֵĻᡣ
ͳ֣ǿ¼ǶҲ尡
ƣ
Ŀıĳһ֣ɲǼһɫѾǳ褵ķƿնȥ
տǵ⳯Լĸ׵ķ򼲳۶ȥʱ۾
¡¡
褵ڵλãѾûˣµֻһӣ
ţ
üͷһ壬ûֿ֮ɫȡ֮һĨأ  ڸղţĸоһǿʶһӶȷԼûй褣  褵ȥʲôط
ļѲҪǽɣ
״ӳĸ˳Ա߻վЩδ褣
׵һӣѾǻĳķƮ˹ȥЦŵ峤峤ҿɾͽ˰
İɣҵҪ˭ҸұڤҶ֣ʮ˵
ڤңԭڱ
ɫ࣬û뵽һеıȻǱڤڸ
Ľգļգ
׵ѾǶһ߲ķɽɽһ˽ǸоһɼΪŨҵϢ  Ʒ  ǼƷԲǵĸо
׵ĿУɱѾһ࣬˿ʵѾ徳  ʲô
ްȪͬʱǰףǶʵ
֮ǰһֱСӣû뵽ȻһλȺеĳ֡
ɵˣ
ڳ˶ɵˣ  Сӣһȫ  ްȪ𾪵ЩˣΪ뵽һܣǾԼĸ֣ʵʲôأ  ǿߣ  ǳǿߣ
ްȪ˿Ѿ˼ΪӵĻѾ׼·ˣ  һʼñһСԼǳԿɸղһ˲䣬ûһͷԵϣ
֮ǰ֣˼һֱԼڿЦذ
ڵѾû֮ǰǿߵķ緶оǰλʵҪԼһ
ɫЩ΢죬оԼһķ̣  һʼҲΪһǸСɵ׵ʵ徳ʱҲ΢΢  Ҳû֮ǰźʹˣ
㡭㾿Ǻˣ
һɲķӦо֡
ͻȻQôĸ֣ôܹأ  ּ򣬾βһѣβһƭȡΣ̶Ҫɱȫ壬Ϊùˣù𣿡
׿ųЦɱƵ֡
׹ֵǰ䣡
ѹʱҲ֪ҪٲֵĻǱɾ̫ˣ  ֻҪһûôһͲð
ҪնɱҪȻĻĽɾͱԼļˣ




283նɱ
 

ţ  ˵ɫ쳣Ũأ׵ͻȻúܶ˶һֲԤУ  ǿҲ徳ڵǿߣδؾͻɣ
ն
ûκε˵ģ䰡  һɫĹâ׵ĸǰɢ֮ŷı˺Ƶ
ţѾʧ˳ĸǰ
á
üͷһ壬ܵĸоһΣյ٣
ƣ
ȻоԼͷ֮һɼǿϢ  ͷ­΢΢ŭһ
еѾǱܵĳͻϮķֵȥȻһƴȫҪ赲һεĹ  䣡
˫  ˣֱ˶ĤٿΧЩΪ΢ĵѾ֧Ųסһˣ  ˫Ѿ˵ر֮Уӿȥ൱ĳ
ͷϷеķɽѾʧϣܿȭͷѾǳų沿ֱȥ
ֳȭȭӰ裡
ԳվλΪģһȭͷײϵϮ  ϵĵֵ糱ˮһĹ
˻̫ǿˣ
⼸еһ뷨ԭΪСӣû뵽Ȼ˵ͣ
û뵽ʦȻô
С֮ǰûʲôɵԼʦս֮Ҳŵƨ
ôҲţһλ־ȻԼôһϲΪͽܡ
ǼôĸҲĿݳ˵⡭Ȼͣ
ݳɫЩ΢˵١峤Ƕˣ
·ҲһЦ֮ǰ죬˵˸û뵽˾Ȼ
Цŵֲһֱ˵̹ȻԭԼʵǿʵڿȻô
ֻ൱ģֻҵȴδݳҲǳ
Դ֪׵ʵ֮˶׵̬Ҳǲһˣ
˵ף绹ʵΪģ
ЩճյĿư硢սȻϵѹų
΢΢һ̾һֱҲΪײǸʲô֣  ֱ죬ֱԭԼһֱŵǰǰ  ãû뵽ǰôôʶǰİҲЦ
һԵҲǵŮλǰ ҡ˵龳ǿߡ
ʲô
һվ龳ʲô  һֱڣû˵˭ͻƵ龳
⡭ôܣ
ݳҲǸȵʵôҲܴﵽ龳ɣ
褿˵ľȣʵǰܹˣҪȻڵʵѹЩˣ
ǰ׺ͳ̸ˣ ԼţƵġ
ţƴ褵˵Ÿˣ  ԭȻ˵ǰ˰ҲŵЩҴ
ȻǱڤţƣĸ֣ţƵҲǰ׳  ˵Ŀⶼ׵ϣ
һԵްȪҲĿųУ  Ʒȥ
ްȪһеǶ֪ǼƷ
Ʒ綼ܹĹĶ  ȷһƷƽʱ˭ó
Ҳ΢΢鴤һʼֻǸоСӵã˺ʯ
ڿԼˣش  ʯ˼ҸͿҲ˵أʲôʱйôţˣ
ʧƺЩ찡
׿ŶЩǱĳҲЦһ
Ҫ˵ĻǲȱǱôĵҩǴһصĿ¶ûκε⡣
ɳаҪ֪Ǿһ
׷꽣
һƺ֮УѾúٷϻˡ
Ϊ˵ҲҪģ
  ĸǰռûɵģ  Ŀ΢飬˻ĳ֣ȴǿһ
ȻĿǰ徳ڵʵܵɽĴС
Ѱ徳ҲĶ֣ټôԴ
ڵǿߣҲǿԲһġ
䣡
ط·ڲţ̳ϮһԲٵѾǱѪӿ  Ŀ棬ųҲ֪һƴһˣ
ݣ
նʽ  ڳɱ˰Ŀ⳯׿Ϯ֮ʣһȣ
Ϊ㣬ΪѸ͵ĽɫâѾǺͳŻɫ籩֯һ𣡣
˽㣬һ޴Ѿֱʣ
־ҵײǳһԻʵ΢һЩѾɥڴˣ
ܶ˶ǾδĿλ徳ĳǿ֮Ķʵ̫Ҫ˭ʤˣ  еĿⶼ˶ķ򣡣  ʱ׺ͳ౳˶ŸղŹơ
⡭ͽˣǿ
ްȪͬʱްȪѾǸֳһƬɬ֮⣡
һԵĳѾ¶һϲɫΪо˳Ȼš




284ǰϲ
 

ڣ˼ǶǱߣû˸ǰһ  ս֮Ŀ꣬˿Ե쾡£  ¡¡
˫Ŀĵ˵ϣ˿ٿĵﴦһ޴ĿԵøҫۣ
ܶһ֪ȴ̴˳ĵ֮Ȼնɱ
˸ǿȵĶԿȻܹʬ壬ֱϸ΢
׵Ӱ˿ԵôİȻΰ  ԼȻ󻺻ĳųķ˹ȥ
˿ٿްȪѾʧãã˺֮У
ʵ׺춼֪ްȪˣǲûȥ׷
һ׾ԼްȪҲûޣϼһҪɱԼ
ҲǣһܹסѾǳɹˡ
ʱô˵棬նɱްȪǵʱڱȻǷˣ  Ҫ龳ĻǵҲν
ɱϾν徳αװĶѡ
ţһʱڣû˸Լĸǰˣ
֡Ǻÿడ
ЦĿидһˡ
ЦŵϿˣһָϳΪŵһء
ľӦ䶨ˣûаҲ˵ĻҲ˵ˣʦţ
컹Ƿǳƣ׵Ǵʲôطðأ
һԵļҲЩƵĿףҲֻ֪һ׵ˡ
ǰ
ܿľʹյ׵ĸǰڵǼȼ
׳ų΢΢ͷҵҪϲˣ
ǰ˵ЦˣԺڻǰıϢֵ
΢΢һЦβһ塭
Ѿ˽βһ֮Ϊһŵ˺ԺǱˡǰʱԡ
ȻǾľˣһȻǷһ䡣
ͽĳңҲѾǸˣ
磬˵Ĳпʵ
Ǳ׽绹ҪĶ࣬Ϊ˻̫ˣȻ֪ȥδӣ
ҲİͽεôϾ徳ǿ߿ɲʲôϺзһץһѣ
ɱǣʱʧĻڵʵ
ãЩʱҴߣ׳
Щ
褴ԼŮҲѾ׵ĸǰһԵЦŹ֡
û뵽ǰȻǿ˹ǰԭĳ֮ǰĲ¡
ҲʾˣǿɳΪҲܳΪ˰  ЦŵǰǰľͲҪôˣٵҲͦҵƢԵپ۰ɡ
ǰпһҪұڤһⱱڤеĹ͸ǰڣ
ˣԼŮҲһˣҲ׼뿪
ȥҲ̾һѾͷҲǺø
ʵβһ岢ǲܼˣǶ߲Σ  񿴵һĹޣȻҲףѡ
տףĿתˮ
Ҫ֪֮ǰйŵģľ˾βһ壬ôս
ǵʱһʱֻǾûκεϣ  ʱҲֻһ˵ĵȵʱЩˡ

ɫЩߺĿ褵
褿ЩƵ˵գôˣ
֮ǰΪ˾ҴӦǰһ顭ɫǺ쵽˼㡣
褿ԼŮӣֿ˿׵ǰҪҼղźá

׻û뵽վȻʹľ˵Ļ˵βһ廹ûȫذ
ˮ֮ӿȪ౨οǰľȫ֮أȻƽʱһЩһܶµѾͷǰ
ЩεĿףһӸоЩȦˡ
һԵ쿴׼üŪ۵˵ҵҲΪ˹ɣ˰ɣ
ϣҲͷƵĿ죬Ȼת峤ĳҲһչ׶ˣ˵ҲǼٵġֱķʽҲǶﲻƽ𣿡
ǰҡϲءտףŮ˵ĻҪܴİ
ˢһ£
Ѿ͸˵ƻһ㣡  ԹŮӢۣϲ˰Ц
СҲһԺٺһЦϲʦϲʦ
׵Ҳһ죬ҿⲻı
ЩĿ褵򡭡峤ҪȻǻ뿪˵ɣ
ವһ¾ʧ˵ĸǰ
ߵʱɫ൱ĺģͷ˵ӣһԵϹһֵû뵽ȻǸ֮ˣϷǼʶˣ
ǰѲɻûе²ɣ
褸һͷˮĿȥķ˸ôûмأ  ò˵뷨׽Ǳ찡




285¼Ʒ
 

ںԺ
ԭڵԵ˺ܶ࣬û̫ѹѾ
˿̣ڵĺԺϲأ
׺յҲǱСһһʦĸ˽֪
βһ֪׾˴ҵʱ򣬶ףĿ⡣
褿Ҳĸ￴ŮԽԽϲ֣  ֪ͨʵǸˣڵģ
峤ողŸ˵ҵ˰ɣ֪ǵô׿΢΢һЦ
ָ֪Ǿβһ岢̫幬顣
ЦŵҾβһ壬ԭǹ͵ĿɽֶΪأǲҪڶˣ
ǺǣβһԴʵ̫̫٣ھ̫幬ûʽ֮ǰǾβһһڵأ
ʮֵĴ󵨣Ͷǳĸߡ
βһ崫ʮ֮ãһֱǿ֮ǰȺ档
ǱıƸƻ˵Ļǻһֱ档
һĿ׵⡭ȺѾƻˣҪ޲Ļ´ۺܴ󰡣
ЦŵȻβһ岢Ҿ̫幬ԺԴ͹Ȼ͹ˣҪľǴβһѸٵǿ
ܵԴ͹ĻǾβһǿͲԶˣ
ҲǴţź͵  ͸βһƸɣȻˣҪһƷ
˵꣬ԼѾǶһŹϵĹһʵķɽ
ȢϱȻҲҪѴ۵ģ
쿴͵Ķĺ˹һ۲  Ʒǰ붼룡
⡭ǣ褿ģоͺܲһ㡣
΢΢һЦ˹ΪɻþһżΪǿĹͼ¿ɻأɱ񣡣
ɻþ
褲۹ⲻУʵóĶʵ̫߼
ⱾɻþɽҲϲĹȻⲻɽβһĶӦҲˡ
Ҫ֪ѼЩĹ϶Ǻõġ
Ժ֮ͻᷢеİˣ֪βһӵл츳Ȿ乥Ҳǲ
βһ壬ȱľģĹԴ
ʵҪ˵츳βһ츳ɽҲϳ˵ˡ
ΪʲôԾβһ˵ģ
ӵ˶ĻֵĻǵʱɽ粻˵ǺߣҲһɼΪǿսˡ
׺褵Ľǳ˳
ʱĽܶһҲǶˡ
գҪʵȸһȥ
ڣѾǺ̸ȻԱȥˡ
ЩԥʵҪףϾ˴һܹи鲻ǣ  ոҪԼʵҪһƿһ˴׵ߡ
ǽ죬״ɱķԼȴΪʱǺεȵʹ಻
ִ֡磬ĸһʱ䣬Ժܹﵽ㡭
仰Ѿǳֵı˼ףҪԺܹף
ЦЦ޷ʱˣؽɽţǶӹȥġ
أЦʵ
ȻҲѡ񣡣Цŵ
쿴΢΢һЦҵҪѧ㶫
ǺǣʯûأҲνֻҵϣܹھβһҽ̵һС壡
׿˿ϵԼûжٵʱС塣
㳿ʱ㳿ʦָĻδǱҲ޵ġ
ϿЦһһԸҲܹ˰
ϣѷɽΪ罣ǲɺã׵УһϹҫķɽȥޱȡ
ƷҲУǸզΣ⼫ƷѾֵǮز𾪵Ŀףһﵽ׶ٵļƷ
֮ǰսʱƺͷ׵ļƷѣʱһ¡
û뵽Ĺ˼ҾȻóһѸԼˣ  ЦŵڼϺʯǶս徳ڵǿߣҲЩˣ
˺ȥδӣ
ڻɶأ
ʯƷ
ǿһĿҲ԰  Կ׸ղóЩϺеڶܹõó
ϣȥβһؽһ֮󣬾Ȼ׽ȥ⴫ʯͷߣ£ʱϵң
׵ݸһʯĶҲǰ鶼׵ˣ
ܿ죬׾ʹžβһ뿪ڣ
Ȼȴûס
״һ˵Ȼص˾βһأ²ĵڴ֮뿪  ײ֪ǣһγѾǺ䶯磡  ԭQеģ˵绰˼һϼˡ
ֱȥ




286¡֡
 

ѧ
ʱѾϿοһˣһһÿûϣѾǿ˽һڡ
ϰסˣûʲô顣
ԴӾSCʡ֮϶׵ĸҲѸٵ¡
Ҳ׵Ļع飡  ˽ѧǴ˵绰ȥѯױƷѾ
һѾҪײˣΪ˼רҵŶӡ
ԼĸĸǣԭǴӹģַ˵ҪQжһӣҲûа취
ܵѾˣڵ׵һɣ  606ᣡ  ȥָ˰
۵һͻȻҲһǻΪ׳ʲôʧء
֮ǰڶѵӪʱۿǼʶǶôţİ
׿˿۵Сӣһ󲻼һȦ˰
ָ磬
ַ־˳ףҲЩ̫˼Ĵк
һεʵЩΣȻ׻ˣǾôһĲþ
СӴͷɥĸʲôС۸ˣҪǸ۸ǵĻʰ
ЦһɣżҲǺ
ûָ磬ͺðַЦŵ
־˳Ҳǵͷָ磬Ըпû
ʲô벻ģǲŶԣȥԷΣ׿⼸ֵܵʱҲǸ
磬һȥģڡ
ϣ˵ҲǶһЩɣ  Ķթϲ  ΪҪĻԸһֱ׽硣
룬ָ磡ЦĿ׵ֵ˭붼һٺ٣˵֮ǰ־˳ЩҲд
žСЦŵֵ֮һףûбҪΪ˵С¸ֵܶûˡ
ллָ硭
ַ־˳Ҳǽķſˣ֮ǰľûк׻۹һִ
ѪգìȻҲܿȻ
־˳ҲǽЦָ磬֮ǰԱĪ̿ɶҹüأ
ҰҲΪơ
Ů˶࣬ûһ˲ϲϵҪǰڲƽĻǼֱûа취ˣ  пһȥǵģȻֵǣһҪʹ찡ײ˻
ָǴ󰡣˵ѧУܶʼ׷Īˣ˵Ҫָÿأ
ַȻ˵
־˳˭Ҷָ磬Ҹƴˣ
۹һֵ˵־˳զһҪƴļư˻иأ˭ҪҶָ磬Ҵ趼ϲ
ۣ˵Ա˳ŵǰɣȻҪͣǽǾ͸ᣬ˵ɣϰ壬ǵʲôط
׿Цʵ
ۺٺһЦָҸˣָҪȻ۴ַ־˳ȥ棿
СӶԽƻûϤأʲô氡
Ϊۿ϶Ҫַ־˳ȥߵķˡ
һԵַ־˳ҲڴĿۣϾһүүǶϴ
֮ǰȥһоۺٺһЦ
ЩŰ˵Ķ
׶Щɲ̫ȤЩ˵ûʲô
Ƶĵָ磬ҵȻָĲЩˡȥ֪ˣ̼ͦġһȥĻ˲ٵǮأȥ𰡣
ĳ
üۣСӻϲȥֵط
һԵַ־˳ҡҡͷ۸磬ҿûҪ˰ɣһݽȥⱲӿɾͻ˰
ǹȥҹĹӼ;ˣĵأ˵ͷѣ
ûа취ⶫûȥˡ
Сӻỹһλŵְ׿ЦʵĶĳҲν
ɱϾַ־˳ǹԺӣϣֵܼ;
ҪĻǵǿԿһˣ
ٺ٣ָͲҪȡЦˣãȻô˵滹һƮƮȻɫʡ
ǿǮ˵Ϸ־˳ҲһĽ˵Ͳ̸ˣҪұҵ֮иǾ൱ˡ
С־һһ仰飡־˳ݵҲǼʮ˵
׿˿۵˵СӾͷôô㣬Ҫȥ
Щ˼ͷҪ״̬ãǰ˿ȥˮƽҲզΣҪûзӵúõĻһ͵ˣ
һ򣿣ȥ۸Ҷİǿһ򣡡־˳ַ˿ûмô档
ֲ˵Ҫȥ棬ڿ
ľ֣ЩѧУǸͲ
֮ǰָ֮ʮѾ൱Ĵ̼ˣû뵽ǵоȻôһλĵˡ
׿˿۵ȻСûйҲûɶطȥҿȥСˡ
ָ磬ģ
ַ־˳ҲֳͣһҲѾôһΡ
Ҫǲȥ̫ϧˡ




287ֵܾۻ
 

1918˽˻λڽнԵɽׯǲôԶ
طһιΪϺβţһҲǽһ¹ȥˡ
1918˽˻ռ൱Ĵ΢۲һ£澹Ȼһ˹
ѶȺܴӦоУ  ˿ۿǾ˸װܳҲǼ˼żġ
һ·һųûַ־˳ˣ
ȵط֮ʱͿַ־˳ɫҰס
׾Ǹûһ˳
۸磬㡭ţţ־˳˴Ĵָɫ˵ղô
һԵַѾ̲ס³Ժҿɲ۸ĳ˰
ĿʱǾ֪ԶȵҪĴ̼ȵȥԵ㶫ϢϢ
۵гڴȻŶʮ꣬Ѿˡ
ǰڶĵȦ棬ۻСġ
һȻҲѰĳӣ˵1918˽˻ʵϾһ֯ʱˣ
ĳڣ׵൱֣Ϊһֵٵҹʮһſʼ
ǵʱ࣬ԳԷΪ⡣
ϣ
ֵֵǣֵǽںһξۻᰡ缸úõĺҽͲ˰
ƺʱȥ׼Ⱦ֮ȻǲˣΪƶˡ
־˳ҲЦŵ۸磬㻹˵ŮһҲͦϲģ˵˼ڿҵЩˣ񫰡
û뵽ŮѾȻҲһ԰Ȥ
־˳һЦǰǣһ׶Ҹо൱ԣһҲ۸Ҳ棬ȥҲøţǣ
־˳˵СӲ˼ŮѾͲҴţЩԿпմ绰Լֵܼư
ЦŵҲЩ٩־˳˼
ַۺ׵ָ硢۸磬Ҹ˵־˳ŮѳĻ൱Ư
ǵȻѧУҲ൱ĲӰ־˳Ϊ˵
˾˵־˳СӲ˼ΪɶַҺָûмأ
ҲЦеĵͷ⵹ǣΪʲôûм󣿡
ַЦŵһιҲûлȥ־˳˶ٷŮҲڡ
˸ҲûлȥզûиҴ绰أ
˵۸磬㻹˼˵ҴһŷżٵߺŻĺòãǶΪĵĻȥˡ
־˳̽͵ַΪۻȥˡ
Ҫ֪׸ǿŵʧ˶ʮأ
Уɳˣַ˵˵־˳Ů˽ɶɶӰ
ЩüŪ۵ĿַٺһЦ
־˳̵ôŮѵĳȥˣŮ˵Ƭ
۰־˳Ů۸ĦĦ
ۺٺһЦѾһѽ־˳Ǯ˹ȥ
òɶ
ЦеĿ־˳Ů˳Ļǲ
۸磬Ůѽ磬־˳һһһģˣַҲǵ٩˵
׿ż˵ûǲ־˳ҲǸи˰ŮĸѧУİ
ɼһ㣬ϵǽʦѧ
־˳Ҳ˵⽭ʦѧãɸͬ۴ѧȫǰʮĴѧһȵĻֳˡ
˵ˣ־˳ܹⳤΪ磬ǿ϶֮
Ҫ˵־˳ĳ࣬Ȼ˵󣬿Ҳ̸˧  ˵̸ӦҲûģҪ˵ŮͶͱҲǲܵġ
̸ʹѧһʵϸеΪĴ⡣
ѧ֮Ϊָջˣ̸ȻҲЩˡ
ѧڳȥ֮󣬻Ҫ̫̫ˡ
ȻУ԰ҲŸʱȣɸֱȳȷưʲôȣѾ൱Ŀˣ  磿
۵ɫЩ仯һֿ˿־˳
զ۸磬ֲ־˳һԡڰ֮еһ㣬һ
ǲǣǾûɶص㣬ûɶص㡭
۵ЦЩΣַûоʲôһԵȴѾǾˡ
ΪСԭǺ˷ܵģɵƬ֮ƺԵЩΡ
ۣûУ׿Цŵַˣ
ַ֪־˳úǲ̵ģʵҲộҪͻȻ˸⵽ô£




288½ֻ̤Ů
 

1918¥⣡
ֻ۵ݸһ̵ȼȻԼֵһ̣һ
˵СӸղô£׿˿ʵ
Щε˵ָ磬ˣˣ
ܳʲô£컹ɣĵһ̻ңû˵
ҡҲ֪Ӧô˵⡭̫ˣ
ʵ̫ˣղ־˳ŮƬʱоЩ졣
ʱʶŮ׽ʲô֣
ɵַİ˵ʱһӾŮ˭ˡ
磬С磬ʦѧ
ʵ̫Ϥˣ۲ûһˮ־˳ϡ
ô£׿۳ʵҲоˡ
ָ磬˵ɲܸ־˳˵̾һ
ѲǸŮģ׿ۣҲǵɴ۾ʵ
ʵӦ뵽ˣܾЩ˼飬ϾŴһôܸɳֻ̤أ  ο־˳ղӣ˾ǰŮˤ˵ĸо
֮õˣôܴӳأ
ܣ
Բܰ
ָ磬֮ǰҲ˵һۿ׵
׵ͷ˵ص㣡
͸ұȳСߵŮľƵĿ׵
ɣôɺϵ飿ȷûп
ҲһֱĸоҲ̫˰ɣоǱҲûôɺϰɣ  ָ磬ҲϣԼ˰ŮĽɣСɣʦѧİɣֻϲ࣡
̣ʵǲ֪ԼӦ˵ʲôˡ
۵ļ־˳СôģһŮҲס
˵ָ磬ֲǲ֪ǰ︻ΪŮ˵ġ컻컻Ǹһ㶼֣
ھ͵ģһҪǸ˻Ļʱִ־˳Ůѣ־˳
׵ĵҲǲ޵ģܲ˵ʲôǾǱ˴ñӣ  ܲ˵ʲôأǾԼŮ˴ñӣԼֵ֪ܶˣ
˶øӣˣ
ӵĳ̶ȣЩʱǱԼӵĿֲ
ôɰɣüͷһָǼһֻŮء
黹ȲҪ־˳ɣװ֪Ҫȸǿ̾һ
Ѷϼ£ԼõֵܣЩʱҲд˵飡  ۿ˿׵ָ磬ҲܹϹɣ
ҡҡͷ⻹򵥣СǲɵȹһŮ˵ĵַȻ־˳ֲˣ
գء۳
ɫһǾҪӸŮˣǲ˭û˭أ
УͿ־˳ˣָ磬˵ⶼʲô鰡
۸оһıоǲþ
ص˰֮Уַ־˳ǱŮˡ
ƺ־˳˷ܣһΪͣΪԭ
Ϊÿȥ֮ԼŮǰдţʱˡ
ָ硢۸磬ǻ˰һ
־˳һ׺ۻ֮ѾǶ˱ӣȻһ
һ
׵Ҳˬĺܣô־˳ôоЩþ
Ҫ飬Ǳеı  ĸһûһĿʼ죬žƣ
ַƺҲܳһ˿˿ĲѰ֪Ӧôȥѯʲźã  ԣ׼Ȼȥ֮⵽ô£
ʱ䲻ˣҪȻȥûгӣ
ۿ˿ʱ䣬ѾʮˣҪǽгӵĻЩӦѾʼˡ
ȻʽıһᣬѾϴ˺
а
־˳һվҲƺѾЩȻζˡ
վȥСӵıݣ
˳ķ˹ȥӰߵ벢ǺԶ
߹ȥҲžʮҵ·̣Լȿųˡ
ʣµ׵һԿ·ϣʱʱһǵߺХ  ʲôʱһǸöð϶ϲģ־˳̾һгĽ֮顣
˭ϣԼŮӵϲĶأ  İɣʲôеġЦŵκ鶼Ҫƽ̬Żڲ֮ء
еָľܸ߰־˳ĴָԺҲҪѧϰ̬
ĵ˵İ
ܿ죬˾͵˿׿۵ĳͣſڣ׵ѾǱֱ䡣
·Ҫʲô




289±־˳
 

ڴ  صذѳͣΧղǰȥҲΪ⡣
Ҫ浽û֮ǰ˵ǸСӡ
ȻˣҪľǿСӵߵûд־˳ǸνŮ磡
֮ǰۺõģûʲôĻô۾ֱӵš
ҪĻô͵ڴǡ
һ۵ĳ֪ã
۸磬ʶ·
ַȻ֪ΪʲôصذѳͣߣЦŵ
εЦЦⲻǲʶ·ָ磬ǡȥˣ
׵ͷˮڰɣ
仰㺬壬ַ־˳ǻΪָ۸ʱҪ¡
Ҫ˵˼ǣȻ־˳治סˣԾǰˡ
ʹʹ  ۽յ˼Ҳˣԭһ򵥵ҲôѰˡ
һгм˹ȥǱͣ߰ÿһȥǷǳĲ
˵۵ĳǺһˣܳǱµһ鳬ܡ
۸һʮңװѣܼӦʮҡ
ڶʱ൱Ĳ
ɽʲôطǿǹԵĴаߵǮʵ̫̫ˡ
ǽߺ͹ʽӹ죬׻Ƶǰء
Ǯ˿ʼĺ͹ϵЩǮڸѧϰĸ߶򳡡ȵһϵеĶʼ
ֻ׻ƣûʲôҸҲ쭳
ⷽĹܿػǺϸģ  1918ǿһĴгҪһ
ĿǰЩͶ뻹лرģÿ춼˵ѡ
ѵĲǿǲ͵ġ
ղĸ˵㷹˵ƣǶѡ
ΪҪǣֻҪ쭳ǾҪһԪĵ·ά޷ѡ
һǮȻ࣬Ҫأ
۹ڼѾˣҲǺüȥˡ
˵һǮ˻Ƕסѡ
ûйڣĲ˼ܵطţƣ  ܹߵģЩǮΪˣ϶һЩ
ָ磬ɰڽôЩ꣬ǲ֪⽭Ȼĵط
־˳ǽˣֻǼڽĽѡ
Ȼˣ־˳ļҾһ㣬̸֧
طʵ̫ˣ־˳ƽʱԼŮҲͨ绰졣
ȻͬɼĴҲǷǳĶࡣ
׿־˳Цŵֽ˺ĵطʧԼ
ַҲǵͷǰڵ˿ɶʵĺܡеʣɽԶ׾
ҸղŸ˵Ҫſ̬ƽĵĿ⡣ױĿһ־˳
־˳ЦЦָ磬ܰԼλá˼Ҹ˼ҵģҵδǿԼƴġ
׵ͷ־˳ôҺο߰ɣСӳô
˳ɫı˹ȥһøоһѪڡ
³׵˹ͬʱһŬŬ졣
Ȼ֪۵˼ҲǳǸ˹ȥŮĻ硣
еģƺʲôط  һ壡
վǸŮԱߵǸӽһ塣
ͻȻǸһиýһٻ֮ǰڽʸ߶ֲſڣͻ
ƺ˵ͷǲСģ  ־˳ɶҽͻȻЩ̫ˡ
˼ȥʵЩ̫־˳ˣЩԼֵܾ顣
׿۳զˣҪѧģ
ָ磬˵ʲôذַЦĿ׺ۣɵԶȥʱ˶ˡ
磡  ŮǼģΪżãžϤ
ǸŮǴһǵʱŵǳɫȹȥ崿ޱȡ
ǡǡǲǡ
ַ˰죬ȴʼûǳһȻ
־˳ַӣһЦ˵ַС˵զأǰûӰ㡭
־˳ַĻ뿪ЦĿַɵ˳ַָķ򿴹ȥʱ˸оǱ׵һ㣡
磬ԼŮѣ˿ڱ˵ĻǳЦֹ
硭硭־˳۾͸һɺ֮ɫѾһֱŭıԵ  ʵ̫ˣһж˵ǲпޱȣ  һץס־˳ֵܣĺδ޷ݣԺܸõġ
ҡҪɱǸһҪɱǸһ
־˳Ѿǳ׵ʧȥǣʱ˭˵ʲôҲûκεôˡ




290³˼ۺ
 

־˳侲㣡
ۿ־˳ȻҲϣԼֵӣѾô죿
ֵۣͷſң
־˳ŭƺû˵ע⣬ʵ̫̫ˡ
ЩװܶװģԭǺ쳹ء
ҪԶĻطͱ˸ٱˡ
ַϽ־˳־˳ʲôЩﲻ𰡣
۳ֵܣ侲ʲôҺָ綼أ֪Щһǽĵͷߡ
־˳ӲסĲţޣ
ԼۿԼŮ˱§ڻţԼΪһ߳жȴΪ  ׿˿־˳־˳𣿡
ָ硭
־˳৵һ¾˳ж᲻ᵯֻδĴ
ʱ־˳ƺΪһ棬棡
ǰ־˳ĺ󱳵ڿһˣܺùڲ𣿡
ָ磬ҡұ
־˳һƨ˵ϣļҲǶ
׿־˳־˳ȻҲͬŮ·˵Ůĺ·ûʲôǶ飬ȻҲ
ǰ־˳ΪŮ˲ֵãָ˵ģĺδ޷ݰַҲǿο˵
ȻҲ֪ʱİοûʲô̫ôܹôأ
۳־˳˾ͲҪöֿ㣡Ҳվ߿޿һֻܹǸŮ˸ӵĿ㣡
۸ǡǸ˭
־˳۵ĻҲǽĲԼᣬȴ쳣ı䡣
־˳ʵҲ޷˽һ塭ɫ˵
һ壬˵һҪ
ܹɱ˵ĻһѾ˲֪ٻˡ
׿˿־˳־˳һȷй̸ϾԸ飬ҾǸŮѾʺˡ
۳ָ˵ûŮڿҲʲô־˳Ժܸõġ
Ҫ磬ֻҪ磡
־˳Ҳһով˴ñһĻ̬ŤתĹġ
Ҹ־˳һǽϼŵļ̳ˣ֪ϼϼűҿǵ꽭İ֯ϴүӳģҲ֮Ӳ
ʵǲ̸־˳пʵʵôĲпᡣ
һ岻־˳ǲڽҲǲ
˵ʵڻʵĻҲǲһȼġ
֮ǰǮһ壬ȻҲûʲô취
ƵĴϢ
־˳еһֱĨ˳ƵĴŴѾǴڱıԵ
׿˿۳ȥһɣ
ָ硭
ۿ׾ȻҲ˵Ҫȥһʱûиоκεľȣ෴˻һ˿˿˷ܡ
˭Ȼ˵ˣۻļǵ֮ǰڶѵӪʱ˼һ绰Ͱѽ˾Աˡ
һȻţţܹţʲôطȥأ  ѲܹȽ˾ԱҪţ
ָ磬־˳ӡַΪǵĿ׵
׿־˳һ־˳㵱ֵܣҪǸ˵Ļ͸Ұˣվһ޿ģһȥǸһ塭
ָ磬ҡ־˳Ļһ˿ĲϾ˵ʵ̫ǿˡ
۲£ײ£  ɲ־˳ַ˲£˵ʵΪ׺۵ĻѾߵˡ
ʵ  ʲôңߣ׳ǰ˹ȥ
ԶһԶԶĿ۵ˣ
ԱߣվһȺˣ˼һհġ
磬ӮСӶǮǰʮĶĿûɶ˼
һһƵӿһЦŵ
ǰСӽ컹˼˹ǽǰѷӸˣŪһѸоûŰ
һ˳һЦŵ
һЦһŪ϶ҪŪģСӼӣӦܲ˴̼ġ
һԵЦеĿһ壬ɵ˳һķ򿴹ȥʱ˵һӱòҰޱȣ
ٿһԵһ壬ĿѾƫۣͬʱ߹ףɫ˼㡣
̤Ьٴȫѹ  û뵽ԼѰ˽һµǸˣȻԼĸǰ
˼滹Ƿۺ죬һ壬־˳ͬˣ
PS22ţɢĻᰴԼ20£ллһֱ֧֣лλ




291һ
 

1918˽˻  ʱһмֻһˣ̫Ҫˡ
ΪҲҪ󶯸ɸ꣬סˡ
ΪСӸ˼Ĺϵ岻ĻҳСȻɱˣ  ͬʱҵĴүʹС㣬⻹  Ҳ֪ͷЩҵĹܿҲ൱ϸ
ûиͻ˼һǸСӵ״ʱҲԲҶ
Ȼһû뵽Сӽ쾹Ȼ۹ˣ⵹һûᣡ  ȻˣҪһҲԲ1918ͥڵĵط֡
ʱһѾǷԼãΪ֪Լø˭һ  赶ɱˣ
һĿģ  ׵һĸǰһ忴ЦһСӣԩҲͷ
ۿ׵ôָʶһ
С֮ǰһ٣û뵽ȻôĲͣ׵˵
־˳׵ɴ۾ָ磬ĺã
С˵ŲŪ㣿һЩףʵΪһε顣
ȴ˶°ɣ  ˵ʵΪһ׵ĻȫƿԼеģ
ǣʣ¸ˣ׿һЦһ
ΪǽܵˣһͬЦһ
ۿ˿ֿ˿һ˵һ壬ġҪ뿪սҲ㣡
һﲻɣ㻹ǸԼˣһЦһүãȻСҪӶǮҾ͸ᣡ
һΪʲôôˬ죿Ϊ˸ûе
ֻһĿģǾҪ׵ļһ֮أ  㻹ΪӮҲɣЦһ
һûзֵǣһԵŮ˿ѾǻЩˡ
Ҳû뵽طȻܹ־˳ΪǮĵطԼôܻطأ  Ρ
Ϊŵľ־˳ȻҴԼΪɲһԼһֻ̤Ůˡ
һΪӵŮˣ˴ѧ֮ͬһŮϵǳĲá
Ů˼ǮԵĴõĶǺö
Ϊ˲Ůˣһʼ취־˳ԼһЩݳƷ
־˳Ǯһζ磬һλУʱأ
Ҳֱܲ˼䳰ȷĸоʼöˡ
һһѧȥμһʶһЩǮˡ
һһ忴ˣ  ֮ĸоԼ˵λƺǷǳĸߡ
û뵽ʮ첻Ĺ򣬾Ȼͺ־˳ײˣ  ֮ǰҪˣû뵽ǾΪûü˵˵ľ棡
磬㡭Ϊʲôôң
־˳һʼס˵ģɺ̲סˣһ׵ŵʱŷŭ
㡭˭ЩһԿԿóš
־˳Ц˼úúã־˳û뵽羹ȻˣԲסˣ
磬˭һҲЩãȻĿԱߵǸӣתʵ
磬ҡ
ɫЩҰ׵Ŀһ壬˴ڱıԵ
˵ʵһ
ΡΡ˵⡭ǰѣʵҡһֱ׼˵ţûüû뵽Ȼ׷ˣ
ûзֵǰѣһ磬ʱﻹѣ  Ҵˡ
ֻܹͷ˿̵ƺڵȴһ屩һŭȡ
û뵽һʱЦ˼Ȼ۵˵ǲ˼û뵽˶ñӰ

һΧЩһһЩҲǺôЦ
ַס־˳ĻСҪȥƴˣ
ܺЦ𣿣۵ɫѿ˼㣬һ忴۵ۣСڶNɪϰˣΪҲӽҪ̽ôˣ
㣿ŭһ©
һٺЦһɱɱ͹ȥˣͷǮĲǴү𣿣ҪûǮĵĻҿԽ㰡
һڸףɲûǮ
ͷ࣬΢̼̼¾ϵˣһһѷҲߣʱ䲻Ѿģ  ۻ䲻𣿶Ǯһ֣˵ŭһ
ȻôȤĻҿһһ֣һƺ˵һǮһɡ
һڣ
סˣ˵ǳ׵ɵˣ
ۣһԵַ־˳ҲǾˣԭ־˳ָ۸Լ
˵⾪Ķľ֮Ѿ米ѵķŭתƵˡ
ղŲͦôˣˣ
һЦϲоǿۺ׵±Ƶӣоʵ̫ˬˣ




292²һ
 

һڣ
۱˵ûʲô
Ҫ֪ڶȻİɣҲŵİɡ
һڶ˵ûκεġ
ֻ۵Ȼϰӣȴˡ
һ򲽽ˣҪðԴһڳģҲܻͬġ
۲ûǮһǧõóġ
֮ǰȻۣɻ˽ǡ
һڣѾԶԶܵķΧԴʱڵ
۸磬ҡҿǻ˰ɡ
ַһȽǵˣһڶ˵ֱˡ
һԵ־˳Ҳʿˮ۸磬֡ڲµʱ򣡣
ˣ
һ忴˿һԵۺףгϷʵĸо
ҡ
ҪڴǮûôࡣ
ҪҲÿһεĶԼǿɶкͬġ
֮ǰҪǩһͬĻ˾ȥ
ʲô㣿ۣһΪҲǺû뵽Ҳô°һҲò˼һ嶷
һ忴ۣ䣬ҪϵĴ̼һ
һǶˣ
׿˿һ壬Цһ
һʼ׾׼ִ£ΪͷҲ̫Ԥ
ϾһģȻҪסӡ
ɵòǮʱȻҪ֮Χˣ  ָ磬ɱ嶯
۱һһָղžȻ˵ˣ
ȻҲָ֪Ǹţˣţ˹ţˣһڲһܹõóİ
û뵽СӵǱˬ죡
һһ㶣Ǯܲ˰  ָ磬˰ǿһڰַ׸׵ŪˣָǲǷ˰  һڰ
ַ־˳УǼֱһ֣
û뵽ָ۾Ҳûգһ£Ȼ˵֣  ˵ףջȥ˰
ҪǵʱûǮĻǻָǸʲôأ
־˳Ҳǻһµָ磬ΪҾ͡ͳ嶯
־˳Ƿǳĸжһ뵽ҪһڣѾںʲô粻ˣ
׿˿۵ˣֿ˿һҲ̫ϲѵ˽ϻʼɡ
һľ㵣
һԱߣЩµĿ־˳ˡ
Ȼû뵽־˳߾Ȼţˣܹһڸ˶ĵ˻ʲôأ  ֪һ֮û뵽һ˾Ȼᱻ˸ˣ  ֱǲ˼飬ոеˡ
ٺ٣磬û뵽СоȻôǮģ
˿̵һѾ뿪ߣǳĳ˹ȥ
˵˽褸ӣšӡ  褸ӿһλְҵ֣Եĳܺڳ׬һЩɡ
ĵºڳӮһ϶иʮʮɡ
ӣһڵĶľ֣Ӯ˵ĻΣһ忴ŷ΢΢һЦ
лл硭
һĻ֮ҲǴһֿܵ״̬֮С
һ׬ǼֱǸһ㰡
磬ǰСʲô·һԱߣһĹӸ翴׵˲м˵
ǰ磬ղǸʲôָ粻ָģȻ˵㣿զ°һȾŽ𷢣зҲǺʵ
һЦһǼһҲ֪ʲôϸòҪ֣˼ϵ
ʲôȻٶϵ
ԭЩףһٶϵ֮󣬼ҲڨЦ
һû˭ȥﻪ˼ֻҪǾ̵ˣ̫Ըλ  ߣʶ˼ΣһҲ˼ôӮ˵һӮʱһҪװӮĺܼѡ
һѾ뷨Ҫ׵˿ϣһֱȥ
ӺٺһЦ·죬ͷİɣ
һ΢΢ͷһԵһһθ
˿̣ǵĶ棬׵ҲѾһ棡  һ忴˿һԵ磬ٺһЦүүĦ
ɫͨ죬֪һԼ־˳˿ģĿľΪǡ
ûа취ȻѾѡôһĽ
ôʱԼĽأھǻͷ־˳ҲԼˡ
˵
־˳˫߬úֻܽķлֻԼ֪
׿˿־˳΢΢һЦ־˳ɳҪһЩ۵ģûµġ




293µ˭˭
 

䡭
һۼʻıѾ˳أ
ɵ˾Ȼһʱ˶ŭˣ  һ壬ʲô˼ڿĺǰɣ
һֱ˿ӵĸоһˣթ  һһι̧֮ͷ˿۵ǲɵ
ݣ˵һ飿ŭɶĿһ
һ̾һӲð٣ʲôʱ˵ҸˣҪбҲ£
㡭
һӱҭЩ˵ȷղŴͷβҲûʹһ䵽Ǹ˭ȣ
׿˿ۣȻۣΪˣ
һ忴˿׹һЦӮǮǮһģ֪ĻΪǲгּۻأ
׿˿һ¶һ˿Ц컹湻ǷģǲһûҴ򹻣
һһ֪ΪʲôڿһĪĽŸС
ڿףҲҶ֣
ɱôĻʹкȥˡ
ƾô˵Сӻܹ˵סǲ  һЦһģһСӺÿ
׵˲ٴһ壬ߵһĳ˹ȥ
ַ־˳ʱ鶼ǷǳУеҪ֪Ľʲôģ
ָ磬˵۸ǸĸӮַһǵĿס
һԵ־˳Ҳǵָ磬ҪȻǻ߰ɡŮ˸ҷҲûйϵˣǡ
΢΢ҡͷ־˳Ҫ˵ĻˣҪôȻǾͲҪڲ𣿡
־˳̾һҪҵĻҲ㵽˵ĵزָ磬Բ𡭡
־˳ҪӮ˵ĻӮǮ͹ǣǸŮҲ֪һ岻ѡ
ʼ磬ʵҲ֪û־˳һĻʱҲˣ  ģҪǮͰŮ׷Ȼ˦
־˳Ҳǹ뷨ģȻܹ˺ݶһУ˵Ҳûʲô
ַЩ͵˵ָ磬ҡǿɲҪǮ
ˣʼˣ
ֻǵ˵ʵǮ˵νˡ
һ־˳Ů˱˸֮ȻҪ־˳ˡ
һ屾ͲԸóӮӮǮ
ȻˣҲǷųߵˣղһ˵̸ҲڶС
۵䣬֮еģ
׵ĿʵһЩƣǾһѣȻѴģ  һСҲѪ
û뵽СӾȻôϣȻҲôġ
˭˭˵ء׿һ΢΢Ц
ַ־˳˽ŵĿ룬־˳ôϣܹӮ  ǮһأҪǿǸһˡ
䡭
ŵڵһ㣬ͬʱ˳ȥ  һ·ȣ
Ǹӵĺɫܳĸں档
ߣ־˳ַǽĶ룬ˣ  ٿһǱߣЦ죬˿ûбڵ  Ϊʲô
Ϊ֪Լʲôˣǿְҵ֣
۵ĵͲˣһΪȽϸߵҵѡֶѣ
ڶǱӮһЩνĸ֣ΪΪ޵ˡ
֮ǰӮѣһֱоԼϣܹӮǷųߵˣ  ۸磬Ү
־˳Щվһ˷ܡ
һԵַҲǼ˵ָ磬۸ˣǼһ￴ʵҲһ㰡
΢΢ʼ磬ΪѾԤϵˣ
һȦȦȦ
һʮȦһȦҲǲʵʱǷǳġ
ʮҾܹսƽ죡
ȻF1ܸ߰ʮȦˣҲûôרҵ
Բۣ۸类Ǽһˡ
ϣѾ˸ı仯  ѾһȦˣ־˳ַΪҪӮ˵ʱû뵽ǸӼʻĺɫܳѾǲ۵ĳȥˣ
ְҵͷְҵôһѾǿ˾޴Ĳ࣡  ŷӵĳյϺХʤѶ
۽һ̫֮ҡ̫ˣָоʵ̫⡣
ġ۴˿̴ӳ˳ߵĽͷˤ˵ϣȻΪԼǸһﳬоϧ׵ָ磬Ǯȸҽģ
Ǹӵ֣һΪƵ˵Сӣ㻹˵㣡
Բꡭ
ߣ׼ȥˣϾһôܻأ  ôˣǮˣĲ͹
һѾ׵˵ǰ棬ЩеĿ׵ˣ־Ӹµ̬̲סʹһ
һ壬־һѣ
׿ǵĿԣ˼Ұ˰ɵϣСӾȻ




294ɵǮࣿ
 

һѣ۲Ʋ㣬ѾǮôûǮ
һ忴˿Цһ
۱ҭõɴ˸۾ףûǮѾһ˰  ѲҪһڣ  ׵ݼҲһģһеǮӮ߰һڶ˵ţһëѣ
٣вģһҲǼװӡ
ҰҰҪȻǶĸ㣿
Ĵ㣿ӴӴҺ°
һ忴׹Цװһܺµ׵ˡ
ôҲû뵽˲ϹˣҾȻ˵ϡ
룡  һһô˵ȻǸӵҪ̼ͷˡ
ԭΪ׺ʲôǸˣɽôһӴŷ֣ҲһɵСӣ  ׼һ㣬ӮСӼڣȻжСһ첲˵  Ǹһ嶷³  ȻˣǾˣۣߡ
˻ʵڵĺܣʵҲǹģ֪ڵһǱҪż
һһСӾȻôɵҲƵĺܡ
ûǮĶ٣Ӷ㵽ף
һ̻һתڿɲǿʱɲǮ࣡  ʮڣҲҶģ
׿˿һ壬ʱѾռɱռķܼ򵥣ǾǮѹһ  ʮڣ
һеǮҲǱȳָһ
ôûǮ׿˿һ岻м˵
ûǮһûǮʲôЦһЦһȥѺͬù
ָ磬ָ硭
ҲǱŵøϽ׸קһߣԭΪԼһˣ֮ŷԼʵ̫С˰
ʮڣʲô  ָ磬ۡǸոһڣɲڳ嶯˰־˳׵ǰѻ˵ˡ
һԵҲǵͷָ磬ҡȻϣӮǸһɡʮʵ̫̫ˡ
ǱԱԡ׳
ɶ⣿ָԼһŵĿףԼʲô˼
㲻Ǹ˵Ķ֣΢΢һЦǸӦǸְҵ֣
ʲôְҵ֣ҲЩɵ۵Ŀףָܿ磬ְҵֵĻ㡭
ַҲǿ׵ָ磬ҪǲеĻ۸԰ɣϾղһӮˣ
һʱݺͬѾҫһߵ׵ĸǰ
һԵļ˶ЦеĿף  Ҳû뵽ɵȻôǮȻʶ˼Ⲣʲôɣ
ʶ˼˶ȥˣôɵǮ࣬ǻǵһ
Сӣںڻüû㡭һ忴ףʱĵı
ǩͬɣ
׵һɣһԵ۵˾Ͳ׵ıʸˡ
ҪΪǰӵĻ׼ˣ
ˢˢˢ
׺һǩ˴ͬǾзЧӦģҪǮûǮĻŪǾҪȥεġ
ֺͬ˫ǾԼģһ˿νĺͬһŷֽѡ
ΪȦ϶ˣ˭֪˭ļҵ
һĸʮģ˼ѹҲȥʲôͬһεĽʵ̫̫
˭ҲζԷģǩͬȻڱˣ  ҵҪСôӮ
һ忴ͬǩ׵ĴҲǿЦ
ųߵǳɹˣֻԼû뵽ⲻӮһڣһʮڵĴӡ
˭˵۸Ǳˣ׿˿һЦ
һһ㶣ѲҲֹ  Ҳˣ
ԸǣҪˣԼ׵ԵͳһɲмǡôĿһ塣
һ۾һɣȻЦ㣿
ʼɣ
Ҳú˷ϻˣȻʵǿܿ¶ܹӮˡ
۵ĳȻۼҪֹף
Ϊղ۷һƵ⣬ǾԼĵλûиء
ҪʲôֵĻ黹㲻  磬ôôɵأ
ǰ磬ͷʲô˶аҲ֪Ǯô׬ģ
Ľ磬ԺҪɵӿɵøҽܽܰ
ǿ쿴СӾȻ۵λЦˣ
һԱߣǱߵ٩̣ǵһҪһʺư




295Ƽ¼ѹ
 


һǱߵǱ߳ס
Ҳ̸׵ǲǸ֣ǸΣְҵѡȣأ  ۽̻֮Ҳ΢΢̾һ־˳˵ķ˹ȥ
䣡
Ѿǳ˳ȥһεķӸûκεԥ
Ҳ֮ǰ۱ʱǰ͵  ô
Ȼְҵѡ֣ҲǾЩְҵ¼ѧϰġ
ԭ֮ǰһԵʱΪһǸӮԼҲʹȻ
ɵȵӵӸ׿ʼԵʱָô£  ˸ˣˣ  ۸磬⡭ôͻȻôˣ
ַȻˮƽûҲǸе顣
۳ϵˣһְҵѡ֣ҳҲ޿Ӯˣ
ʲôְҵѡ֣Ǹղš־˳Ҳᵽɤۡ
ղһֱ۵ģô˵Ҳǽ
̾һӦǰΪϵˮңŵΪһҵʵࡣ
հַߵ˵ָǱˣ
ûκϣˣ
ֱӸһĽۣһǸ֣ȻӦҲῪ
ôܹһλְҵѡأ  һȦܿˣ  ʱѾ˰Ȧ֮࣬⵹ҪһֻûϤôҵ
֮ĶԶĳȴֶĳ
һȦȥһ㶼ż
ʣ»оȦأȫʵܹԽˣ  һǱߣѾǻȸԾһȦ˰ȦʮȦ֪ܹȶˣ
ԭǸ
һԭΪһǸʲôţˣղһ˿ĵǡ
һȦȥ֮û뵽ȻѾ˰ȦǷְҵѡ֣ǲӦҲûô
ǾǸǱԵˣʵǲ˼㣡  磬ھǮˣ11ڰСӻǸԩͷһԱߣһСЦŵ
翴ų룬ҲǼѣ  Ҫ֪ÿһһӮ֮Ƕǻ˦ԼʮģһһӮô࣬¶ֹЩ
־˳ǼһôĿ
˿̵ӵĿ־˳ˣ˻ếɤ֮⣬ûʲôƨá
˵ˣҲһɵ棡
ˮƽȻҲҸһô󣬾ҪҲǸʵǣ
һ΢΢һЦߣҾҪСӽǮˣ
׿۵ĳڵʼķˣ
䣡  ԭǺ˿ҲǲϵĿʼ٣
Ưƣ
һ˦βȻһU͵֮˶Q
ָ羹ȻƯƣ
ַ˴˿̴ĵȼһ˿ϣҲû뵽ڶȦ͵һȦѾȫĲͬˡ
۳ָҲЩˮ׼İ
ԭ޹̼Ѿһ˿˿⣡  ָ׷֮ǰҪһЩ
־˳ҲǼ˵Ϊۿɼٶȿʼǰ׷
ڶȦԭİȦѾʣֻķ֮һȦˡ
һȦľ룬Ѿ׷ķ֮һȦ
ޱȣ  ǸӵˣԭΪԼһղŵһȦ˰Ȧ֮ҲǷ
һӮ11ڣǴûйġ
Ժ֮󣬿ĵӻԽԽ࣬ʱԼǮԽ׬Խô  ӿųѾԼõȵʼע⵽׵ʱԼȻӺӾѾһ
ʲôȻ׷ˣ
ԭһһ˿ҲѾסˣ˶վ
ŵȦȻͱ˸׷ˣ  硭ǡǸ˾Ȼô
˿ɲǲˣ׽ȦĹѾǿ׷˰Ȧڽŷ֮Ҳһ
ģˣڸʲôһһߣһ˾
һ
״˿ѾϤ⳵ټǳǿ
ЩѾǳ˿ѧķΧ˿Ŀɿڴ
ļ
ÿһε߼ǷֺÿһεĹǸˮٶ˿ûмĸо
˵ְҵѡֵĻô׿¶ܹ֮Ϊѡˡ
۵˷źߣĵѹһ̳׵ıˣ  ڰȦ
ھȦ
ʮȦ
߷ʮ룡  ¼ʹ˵֮ǰļ¼һְӵʱ䣬⻹һȦûܺõ£  ׳յһɲǣӾȻոյʮȦյ㣬ĴܸʹûѾǲˣ  ѹƼ¼
һ۵˷ˣǷһĳ׵ķ˹ȥ  ʮڰ  ָǵǾһĴڣ
һ˿׳յһ̣ɫ࣬һɱˣ˵ĸоӿͷ  ôҲû뵽ĽȻģ
һﾹȻ˵Լ׼Ҫ׬ʮء
ŭ  һ֮ӿһͷһֱôԼؿڵĸо




296±
 

ָ磬ţ
ǰףûһ׵ϣҪ׶Ŀ죬һ׾ҪСӵˡ
СӸɶҿûⰮã
׸ϽСӸƿȻЦ
ָ磬û뵽㳵ľȻôǻΪ־˳Ҳļ˿ĵһŭǷй
׿˿˵ǮǻҪյģߣ
һ忴׵˹ɫԭЩNɪNɪȥļ˴˿Ҳѻȸ
  һʵ̫ˣԭȵҪӮıû뵽Ȼˡ
һʮڰ  һǮʮҲЩԲġ
ϼȻǮʮҲһӴ֣˭óʹ  ӮˣǾӮһٸҲûʲôǴιǮ  Ҫˣûôˣ
ֽתˣ׿һ΢΢һЦ
תˣ
һһЦСǮû
ͳһſһȻıǰǮת˹ȥ
Ÿڣ
ȻˣȻҲģ  ŸڵתҪһ̣Ѿ  ͵Ǯһ˾ˣһתҲ¶һ˿Цݵ־˳ղ˵ˣӮǮ˷һְɣ
Ÿڰ˷һ֣Ǿһڰ  ַ־˳ȦˣһԵҲȦˣ  ˵ںǮˣ¾ˣ
ͻȻ֮Ҳ൱𺳵İ  ָ磬㡭ǸʲôһͷҲЩˡ
׿һһǺǣҲԼǮҪлɵøлλĿҰ
㡭
һû뵽һﾹȻ˵ķԼһŭ

һЦղһ˵ڼˡ
һ忴ЦһߣһῴôЦó
ȥҪһ︶ۣվоԼЩ޵ݣ
һԵ翴һˣ˶ˣ
硭ڸоһΪһߵʱͶûд
ɨǣϽжԶԶ
һֱӶһţ޴йֻаŭйŮ˵ˡ
类һţ˱ҲЩŤ
Ů˵һֱ
оһĸоûͷĲӬһ㣬Щն
־˳־˳
һε־˳ߣ־˳Ǯˡ
ղǸһ˦ڸʱܹ־˳ĻôԺҲܺù  硭
־˳Ŀ磬ȴŭգŮ˰Լʲôˣ
֮֮ȥ  ־˳֮ǰҴˣԭԺһһһĸ㣬ԲɵˡҰ㣬һֱǰġ
һ˵־˳ĻУȥ֪һ㡣
־˳¶һ˿΢Ц磬Ǯˣ׼ڽһӣһҲǮ˵ϣҵİ˴ҸŮˣԸ𣿡
Ը⣬Ը⣡־˳
ȼϣ֪־˳ǰԼģڿ־˳ӣֻ˹
Ը⣬ҲԸ⣡
־˳ԭЦʧȡ֮һᡣ
־˳İġҡ
ո׼վһεı־˳Ƶڵأеǿڶǳˣ
ңôҵҿ㰮ĲңǮɣ־˳ŭһ
־˳ҡһЩƿԣ־˳һγ־˳ûκζԲĵطôҵҪokңһ·ģأֻ̤޳ܣ

˿һ֮Уӿͷ֪һжԼҵġ
һֱ־˳Ҳᷢˡ
кҩأ
ˣ־˳Ůʲô˵ģ߰ɣ
ַƺҲԸ⿴־˳ĳ嶯ййˡ
ۿ־˳ģҪǿ־˳ϣŪѾģҶֵ
׿ˣĿ⳯Զ˹ȥȻ۵ˣ߰ɣ
Զ  һɲ߰ͬʱ˹  һŵĿ׵ָ磬ãһСˡ
ǸСˣ䲻𡭡
־˳ַ׼һߵʱɫѾǱֱ䣡  ܿ죬߰Ѿͣ  һβһ壬Աֿһˣ
һٻԼͻС̫ãҲϼŵС  û뵽һ廹̰Լû֮ǰȻһֱװӣ  ܰģӽ쵹Ҫܣ
һȺ˳ղЩΨΨŵŵȣ˿̵Ѿǰʮ㡣




297´ͷ
 

һ£  ӳʮˣЩǸղһ巢Լ˹ġ
һٻһ˵ԼĸҵǸ֮ǰڽʸ߶ֲſڴԼǸһ֮Ҳ˷ܲѡ
Ϊ1918ʵ̫ԶˣҲǲò˿һСʱĳŸϵߡ
֮ʱһѾ˾Ÿڸˣ  һڲں֮ǰ˵бõԼǮҲУ
Сӣ
һٻԱߣһŹӲмĿ˿׵
٣СӣǺġ
һٻЩһĿǸٵˣݾȻ϶ʲôˡ
Ҿϲϻϰë
һ忴ˣĴָٵٹţþϲŵ˰
˵ЦˣȻզأһЩèǲеġ
ٴֵ˵һٻǺᡣ
ٵҲͷСֽᣬš硱  ҵ񣬿һݷǳţ棡
ϰֽ׵ʶģ֮ǰڶѵӪʱ򣬻۸ߵġ
ֻ֪ô£֪Ļƨƨߵȥֺˡ
һ忴˿΢΢һЦ٣С֮ǰʲô֪˰ɣ
ߣٻٻͷİɣҼȻˣǽųȥʲôЦһ
ףһ
ףƺְ
ƺ ֻԼϵ˵Ҳһ
еļƷҵˣ
һԼϲŮ˱۸ˣʱỹ׼ʦڵҪȥСӡ
һʲô֪ôȥң
һٻһ٣ʶˣ
ʶƨСôʶСӡ
˶˷ʵһٻǰֵĻٺ١
ΪһٻͷǳӴ󣬼û˸ҵ
׸ᣬܴˣ
ͷŸɾ㡭
ÿˣʮ˺һٸ˲ûʲô̫
ֻ۵ǰ̫¶Լı£ǱƵûа취¡
ӾͲɾզΣ
ֳӲˣ׾ȻһٻĸǰᣬȻǲˬ˼ˣ  ׳ǰ˹ȥĸǰԼһ㲻ɣ
˵ֱ꣬־һӣ  ž
쳹ȫ˶סˣ  ʲôˣ̫֪ˣһٻôӴ󣬿ĸǰҲǹԵĺܡ
ΪģΪıǿϰڳǽ˾ԱλȨأ  һٻϲᣬȴҵᣬΪ峤Ƕϣһٻ顣
ϼܹﵽһµĸ߶ȣ  һ¿кϷˣһٻᱻвŭϲ
Ϊһ
ֻû뵽ǸԼȥļһﾹȻôϵ  ٣ôˣû°ɣһٻװǳĵĿᡣ
˿̣İѾǺһƬѹҲû뵽˸ҵô˵Լ֣
˵٣֮ǰҾ˵Сӵ죬ڿ˰ɣҪҿ̲ȥ
һû뵽һﾹȻôɵ˰ֱӴᣡ  һҲ˷һԼ
ɫ˼㣬ӣȫ˰  ԼŮ˸ǰȻԼȫˣҲǴһֱŭĽ׶Ρ
ʯͷ
һվһˣȥ֣һǼͳ˱ը
١
ʯͷӺ˳ղڳϳ˸̵Ĺû뵽پȻ˴ˡ
ˣ˵Ψһˣ  ûɶİãȴΪҪӡ
ʯͷӵºҹıڣȻˣڵǮɲԼġ
ݣұ˴ˣ㿴
źʯͷһԼˣɴûг֣֪һսѰ˾ԲĶ֡
һٻЦһָָ׵Сӣ
ϰ壿
ʯͷŤŲӷԵ¶һ˿׵Ĳм
ûĿ˿ʯͷʹôΣ
ָ磬úǰôҲû뵽׾ȻôţֱӾͶˡ
ǰָ磬ôˣҪȻǱɣ־˳ҲһôǼôԸأ  СӸԼѡҪȣ
ʯͷһ˿ᣬ׵Ŀ翴һ㡣
ΪºΪȭ֮һ




298̫ˣ
 

˵Ŀȫ۽˺ʯͷ׵ϣ
٣ʯͷôһͦģһٻЦŵ 
ٻٻʯͷҴӵºıڣ˵أ
һĴָ٣ҪǸٻٻ˳ԺҰָǰɾ˰
Ǹɵӡ׿˿΢΢ҡͷСӾǱ˸ġ
ʯͷҸ𣬸ҺúõĽѵ֪ߵغļһһ׾ȻԼôˣ
ʯͷӦǣ  ײһǹȭѾǳ׵ֱ˹ȥ
ȭģǵֻʤûʲô²£
͵ϮҲΪóģ
۸׼ףоЩˡ
һ˺ٺЦſףСӽ첻ҲǱˣ  䣡  ʯͷԭΪһȭȵףĳȭٶ൱Ѹٵġ
ȴûгĵطȥչ
ȭͷҪ׵һɲǣ׵ȭͷѾǳŷֱ  ȭͷںʯͷϷһǹͷѵ  һȭ
ʯͷѾǷɳȥüԶ̱ڵһ
ȫһƬȻ  ˶ǴĿףһٻѾǳź˺ü  ֲ
ĭоһķɬ
һ壬ǿʯͷȭʱֿҰģҲΪʲôղŵôһԭ
û뵽һ֣Ȼ׵ĸǰһغϾͰ  ָ硭
۵ѾΧǿҲǸоЩǿһ㡣
Ϊǰʯͷˣȥǳ׳˶ޱȡ
Ȼ֪ܴ򣬿û뵽׾Ȼôܴ
ָ磬û°ɣ־˳һȼյѪôˣûиоôĴ̼
׳żЦЦʲô£
ῴףԼ۾⻹Լ֮ǰǸʯͷ
Ҫ֪Ϊ˵õʯͷǸнĴ۵İ
û뵽С˼ҸǰһУֱӾſǱһˡ
˿̵ҲһЩ֪ˡ
һϣҴСӣ
һҲˣֱԼôһϡ
ν˫ȭѵ֣ô˻ŪôСӣ  ׿һȺ˷ӵϣһ˿˿Ĳм
Ҫ˺սӮԼ  ۵˿һӵϣҲѪӿֱӴ־˳ַ˸˸ˡ
ž  һ˵ĶҪײ̫׵Ļӿ¾ͻᱻԼˣ  ҲһȭһֱӸɷǰٵˡ
ٿһԵۺַˣҲ϶˲ʡ
ܿ죬׵Ĵ£ʮѾڵϺߺֱˣ  ̫ˣ  ׸µĸоĻ
Բݣһô
ѾȴԼϵʹҲ¶һ˿־֮ɫ
һʵ̫ˣһ˴ôˣȻ̶̵ļ֮ھͰô˸ɵķ
磬Ǹ
һٻԭϣһﱻĹĵӣ޳ˡ
˼ֱͲ˰
һҲǳź˼Ȼ٣ҡҿǻ߰ɡ
һ岻뱨𣬿һ̫ǿˣ
ھʣỹԼܹһվߡ
ܲŰ
ߣ
׳˵ĸǰ˹ȥʱҲ¶һ˿⡣
һ١ٶ  ҪԼأֺαضأ  ı죬ͳ˲зҲ˵ء
㡭ʲô
ῴһĳԼǰߣҲǻ
ܿ뵽ԼǿǴǹģǺȻİԼǹ˳  ָСġ
۵˳˺֮⣬Ҳ֪ʲôˣǹ൱ľ˵ġ
˿ױǹŵʱ۵ҲŵûѪɫ  㡭ҺˣǹֶЩɼǹһԵһһٻҲŵ㡣
һԵһٻѾŵ˶ʮԶֻΡΡĴŵ绰
Ϊ֮ǰҲǹŻ׵ģһʵЩֲ
ǣһס
׿Ҳ΢΢ҡͷһﻹţȻǹԼ
ʲô
ῴ׾ȻԼеǹԼ˹˺ëŵЩ겻ˡ
ǹ£һﻹ  һٻ٣ҡѾ˵绰ף˵㱻һ͵
ʲôҾҪ̽˲Ҫ̫ţ
˵꣬׳żֱȥһٻ֮һûһᣬѾǱ
ɱĺ쳹1918Ͽգ  ԭ׼˵ˣȴ˼Ҹˣϻбҵô
һٻŵôҲǣҲǣ˫ȶѾǲѡ
Ȼڴʱһ󾯵Ѿ𣡣




299¾ɢһ
 

𣡣
ԭӵ˲ð
һ˿о֮Ҳһ
˿ڿٺ٣Ǹͷһ㣬ۿǱˣ¶ˡ
ָ磬̾ӵģ
۶̾ҲǷǳϤ˲һ񾯡
̾ӵģʲôסƺǱ߿һˡ
վˣղ˱˵߷Ƿû뵽˷Ƿ֮⣬ȻڶŹץ
ͷ֮˿ȥȽϵᣬӦʮҡ
ɿӼӦǲ͵ģܹд˳ɾͣҪôǿҪôǹϵӲ
ǣӳ
ղǸͷ֮ǽ̾ӵĸӳԣᣬоֵʱ߳Ƶ
Уǵһӹɣ  ľ͵̾Ӹӳλá
1918˽˻ѾһʱˣһεжܲⱵĵ  Եһ˲ǮȻȺŹ
ŵҪץ֤ݵʱȥýɺܳˡ
ʦ֣һ¡
̾м߳һŮ̾Ļ𱬡ֵ
þҲһ㶼Ϊģ
ʵղžͿû뵽ķʽ档
ԭ׼жץˣɵ֮Ҳһ
ԼүүľˣԼľˣ  ԭпȥģЩһֱȽϵæµһֱ鲻ա
û뵽طˣ
ôˣ
һԭһɨգȡ֮ľȻһĨᡣ
˿Եʦ֣ѣ
ѣ
Կ˿ףܵЩųĿʵ
΢΢һЦȻƤ˵ţҺܺõһء
׿˿Цŵû뵽߾Ȼˣ
ִô⣿ô°ɻʵ
ʼûʲô˷˵ͻСĴˣ

е˶û뵽û˵ײãȻֳƿ졣

ԵͷоһɼǿΣУ׸ǲˬ
Ҫ֪ǾУɢĵһ֮̾ǸǴ޵֡
һݵĶ󣡣  ȻҲûпóԵ˼ֵ˵ʦִ֣أ
׿óЩˣҲ֪һʲôϵЦŵûûУܱȰ
ǾͲţˣϽ˵ɣҲΪ״ôǴţ
ʶףൽʱ߸Ű˷ųˡ
ǰ참ڼ䣬ܲܵô˵˸˰ɣ  Ҫô˽ֵĻôλأ  ǷĵһֳݣҪ֪ԼүүҲ޲ڵġ
һԾȻ˵ִڴţ̲ʦִ֣ôʹţˣҸ㣬ҲִĶ֣
ۣ  Щп಻ѾͷѲɿеϲ
ô˵ֱڴ̼ǰλѾƵԸӳˡ
˵鳤Ҳó־Լɣ
ǰһﵽܴܲҲ֪Ҫ˵ùԶӳһ治ˣ
ǣԶӳǿǾɢĵһˣ
鳤һ￴ȥ˰ģҿҲǸпõĻɫ
ΧǰﾯҲһһ˵ǲɵȻԵķŭ
̾˭֪ϲǿҲɲŮò
û뵽Ȼڴ֮ͥΪһˣֱ²̨ˡ
Χͬµ˵ıʵ
ߣСӣ˵ܴ򣿣Կһ˿ŭɫ
ʼ˵Զӳ˵ģҿûô˵
ҲеģĸУЦһ
ԵԣִΪʲôܽϲʲôϵƾʲô˵ִ磿
Ͻͣ  ˵ԭܼ򵥣ɾΪ׵ĳݣ鸴ӻˡ
ҲùȻĴ˼Զӳɣǲġ
ȻںܲȻҲµġ
㡭㾹ȻΪһﷸôңɫһû뵽Ȼ˶ԴԼ
ﷸԣҿñӣִ絽ǲﷸҲ˵ġ
úúãʲô֣ɫ˼㣬ڿô˳ۡ
ʼף
ǰɣҪӮң˿ߣҪˡ
ʱҪĸǰŤת
Ҳ֪һﵽ׸ʲôԻȻԼİŮ˵ĳԣڸԼˡ
ϵܣҡᰡ
ῴôʱˣȻûԼкûйԼһ£òԱ




300һȭӵ˼
 

磿
һӻûϳᣬҪΪղԱŵĻϣ  ʵܹΪ̾ӵĸӳĿɲԼʵĸҲڽְ
ȻֻǸٽȨҲ൱Ĵ
Ȼˣĸ׿϶ǲܱȵģȻԲ̫ᡣ
ΪϰֵݣҲΪνֵܡ
ȷǰΪ˧ʵҲǳǿԵֵܵġ
ȻԶǾֻˣ
ֵܣҡұһˣ
׿֮˶ʱ档
һˣҪǵʱǰֵ֪ĻԼԺ첻ȥˡ
ô˹ȥȻ˼Ҹˣ˵ȥñ˸Цˣ
СӴ㣿
ԭֻǴĶǼʣǼˡ
ĳָһɣ
ݣ˵Լ֪үүǸʲôţˡ
Ӳ֪׺ϻк֮Ĺϵˡ
ɻҲʶֵܣһҪ籨𰡣һѱһĶ˵
ôĵӣǽ˾ԱĶ㶼Ҷﻹй𣿡
ʱʮ㣬Ʊ֮ǰˡ
Ǿ͵ǰԼңҲǰԼô㲻أ  ԭԻһ˿øУоһҲǸүǡ
ȻҪԼԣ׿ԴʵҲǳе顣
ڣ֮ɲôΪˡ
һﲻ׵ľ͸Լ˵ƽʱҲǿϵ˵ľֹ˽ˡ
ֻû뵽ǣ˰һᣬȻ˾ԱĶӣ  ˵˾Աһ֮Ե˼һԼӶѵӪ̳
Ҫ˴ңѲվűǹ𣿡һһԵҲǵͷǣ˾ԱĶӾִܹ֪磬֧㣡
ҲһˣԭԹִģ˻ûץѾ˶ˡ
ӣԸһСӣҾҪˣҲҪֵ֪֪ܵĺ
ֵܡ
ʱоǾԼ˰û뵽ؼʱ̻ԸԼӡ
֪˵ȫ˵ġ
㻹Ϊ㣿
ҲǸƢһһٶԼԭһӣһQԽԽˡ
ָ磬ǡ
Ҳһ˼ҿ̾ӵ˰ҪǴ˵ĻǺ롣
ţ˼ҪǽĻûκεĺùӳ԰  Ψ²ҵִ磬ͣ
Сӣ֣
һȥԼϵľ¶һɫıģһ⡣
ӳҿǴȥ˵ɣ
һ곤һЩ̾Ե˵Ͼǹڳϡ
Цһǰ˸ҴߣһҾˣҵҪƾʲôôŰ裡
̾һ㻹治
ߣҪƤܹӮĻҶ֪˶ٻˡҴӾУڻû֪Ϊʲôǿʵ˵ģ
ԲмĿףôҲоһﵽʲôţ֮  ָ磬ɲҪĵôŶоһȦףѵ
һԵ־˳˸ŵЩ˵ˣҪǱߵĻɾˡ
ʱһ֪ͨѧУĻǿ¶бΣա
Ȼǽ׳оǳˬˬˬ鵽ͷϣǲܵģ
һȦΧ׺ԣ  Щ̾һɫµĿų룬ԶӳҪҲûа취
ǿ׺Զӳȿ϶ѷɫ̫ˡ
ǵȴĲһѣ  СӣȭԿЦһҪѣѾЦŵһȭӣ
ߣҵҪôһȭӣ
԰ƣһǴֺ˼϶ҪĸǰˣСʵǲ˳ۡ
ܻһһ᲻СͷǾǲưոݵġ
١
׵ȭͷŵڵһ㣬Եǰٵĳ˹ȥ
ٶȿ쵽˸оˣ  Ȼ֣ҲһһЩѵ˵
Բ֪׵ȭͷе̲ŶֻЦһף㲻
۾һɣĵ군ˣ
ղźʯͷô׺˱˼һȭ̵ˣʱѾһĸǰ  飡
һ𣬽ԵƮڰ֮Уɳȥ֮Žصˤڵء
Ȼ֣һȭ൱ң
˿ڿԣȻûиղźʯͷǰأҪһεվȴǲ̫ˡ
һȭ˶ĿɿڴĿǰһĻѾϰһĿֲ֮⣬Щ̾㿴ңҿ㣬ֱǰʵ  ǿ̾ӵһսȻ˼һȭûнӵס
̫ˣ  ֲøղһһȭӣڿһȭˣ




301˾
 

룡  ǰ̾ûлعͿų̾ӵһսѾڲԶ
ŬҪþȫȴվ
ҲһȻ֪Ҳû뵽һȭͰԸ̵ˡ
ʵϣѹҲ붯֣֪һﶯ֣ԼҲ߲ˡ
˿ףԭҪ˵˿Ѿŵһ仰˵ˡ
׵ע⣬ֱ˸һ٣  Ȼ˿ô̾ڳֺܶĹһϸò
۵˿ףҲЩζӳµĸо
ָ̫ˣЩ߸Լˣ  ӳӳ
һӵϵܵԵĸǰ˿ٿܹˡ
ԻǸдһˣôҲû뵽ô澹Ȼ  Լһ־ĸо  ԭǿһоһһäĿĳݶѡ
֮ǰԼɵĳһȭ֪֮мĲǵһ㣡  ԸҪ˵ȴԶһƹ
žƵ濪˽Ĭ
ӦẰ˹ģ
ԼղѾº˵ӮԼһߣܲܶԼӰɣ  ҾӵĻԵ˦ƹ
׵Ѿ쳣ݣ
ҪΪСӣԼԼİŮǰô  ԼŮ˾ȻԼϣһ˼ȥˣԺܾûϣһ˵ùˣ
رϣܹһһ
ٵʻڣܿͣ
Ŵ򿪣ӳ˼ˣΪ׵һϽŶһ֪Ǹн  ˾Ա  ᡭ
˵ԼĶ1918˽˻˸ˣҲһ
ԼĶӾȻ˸ҵŹ򣿼ֱˣ
ԭѾϴ˯ˣϢ˵͸Ϲˡ
֣ء
˿ӿȥ쳣ԭݵڿȥ͸ͷһ㡣
˵Ҳ൱ĲŶһ۵ĸо
ɫĿԼĶӵôᱻ˴ӣ˭ģ
ȿȿȡԱ˷վҲǺһ塭
ԣô⣿壬˭ģ
ЩƵĿԣ˵ҪԼĶӸһôܱأ  ڿһԵЩʱҲ֪˱ˣ
Ҵģ
Ϊĵղ׵˱һȺ̾סˣʱЩŭɶתͷ
ģףɵ׵֮Ҳһ㶣
ĲǺϿе
ԼĶʲôʱͻˣ
ҪĻ֪Ӧôźˣ  Ҫңְܲܲɣ˾Ա׿¶һ˿ѰζЦݡ
壬һʵ̫ˣ磬Ҷˣһﻹգʱ˵ص㡣
˶ڵȴ˾Ա쭣Լӻ쭵ĻǿľͲ˾Աˡ
ԣղſ˾ԱߵʱҲǼѡ
˾ԱƢǿ൱Ļ𱬵ģʱһﻹ֪ôùأ
֣ɵøһȥˣ˿̵ıǸ䣬ҪԼڵȡԼϰֵͬ飡
ֱӷһͳͳ˹ȥȻŭһûаǾ컯
ˣ
оһͷԼӰȻ˵Ļ  һԵҲǸо̫ˣĻԼʶ˾Ա  ʵ̫˼ˣ  ׵󣬿ĵһ֪˿
ת׵ⲻĶûи鷳ɣ
һ仰  ˵°Ͳ඼ĵˣôҲû뵽ڵ˾ԱȻԴӵ̬ȣ  ˾ԱˣⷢĶȴףʵ˴۾  ˭֪˾Աʲôˣһ͵Ļӵ˰1  ˭Ҳû뵽ԼĶӱ˴ӣȻʲôҲûʣֱһӸȥˡ
˶סˣ  ǿǰ˾ԱǺ˭Ҳ֨ˡ




302ʲôǲ
 

ˣ
ɵˣ  һˣ  ڳ˵˶Ŀ⳯ ˿̵׵һȻĿҲ̸ʲô鷳鷳ģ֪ĶӵĻһ²ȥ֣
̵ǧҪС棬ԺòԾ͸Һݺݵش򣬹
΢΢һЦ˾Ա㵹壬Ҳʲô˵Ҵúã
˵ЦˣҼҶԼĺܡƽʱΪҲˣû뵽Ҳ֪һ㣿
Դǵ˵Ҳңҿûֵһʰ
Ҫĵ˺ϵĿ˵ĻԼʱҲǳԲ˶ߡ
һҲǱŪûˣ  ׾Ȼصʱ֪Լǲ
ҿղԼˣҪǰ˼Ҹ˵Ļʱ¡
Բȥˣһ壬ҡоǱ߻е飬ҪȻҡҾˣ
߰ɣ
֪ԿҲпܵףǸϽһˡ
׵Ҳû˵ʲô˴
ʵСҲûʲôֵ̫飬һȭ֮ԺҲ͵һЩ
һ£ԭЩѾʧһգ
˿ãǲļһǵˣ
˾ԱҹϵҲ׵ʵ
ҡҡͷҲ㲻ϣֻСںҵĴС̸Ҳ֪˳嶯
ǺǣˣȻѾˣǾȥɣϣԺҪڷ顭
ɨһһˣʱǾɵҲ֪˼ǲˡ
˾Ա˼ҶǱϹϾĸоʲôأ
ǴˣĴˣһڵϣһﻹ졣
ȥߣЦŵ壬ղ˶ûик
Ѿͷүү廹𣿡Цʵ
̵ͷţͦõģ
ղŲǸСһôֻˣЦʵ
˫糺˵ҡִһȥҡԣүүͺүү
ӦõӦõģҾͲ˰һЦ
׿˿ҲЦŵϼҲԶȥк˾ԱҾ͡
ææ
ҲЦеĿףǰֻΪǺϵʲôѡ
ڿһＫпܳΪϵŮϺͺϵĹϵȻġ
˳˹ϵ֮׸ӵĲ˰
⻤ǳģ̣ǹھǲܹײģ  ״۵뿪1918  ׵ȥıӰгԹ֪˿²Լܹǵġ
ֻⶪ˵Ӹβܹһ
֡
ЩΡΡĿԼϰһ͸  ܼ⣬һθ˵Ļ͸ҵԷǰɣףҸ˵˶ٱˣ
ŭһʵľֻ˵һ飬˵Ժһ׵ǧҪǡ
ﱾںǵôţ  ӽԺ󣬾ͱһɱһļһˣ  һԵһ忴⡭壬һﵽ˭
˭Ҹһ壬ΪҺţǰɣҪĵ׺ˣ˼ҷַӾܹΣҲǲˣǵô
⻹ĲǴţϵǿǻûмʶ
ûмʶԼ֪Ҫǵ˺ϵĿˣҲߵͷˡ
ĳֿ˵ԼҲң  ʲôǲͽǲ  ࡭һٻһĭԭЩҪʵĻıŵòˡ
ԭЩԹֻʣ¾ˣ  ԼѧĶӵСӴ쿪ʼҽӺúõ죬Ҵȣ
֡
һĿԼϰ֣һĲˡ
ҸᣬҪ֮ǰҰ˼һѣˣ˼Ҷܸӣ
һ󺮲ǿԶȥķŵö
Ȼ죬˰
׵뿪1918˽˻֮۵ǺԾĴ־˳ַ뿪
췢Ҳ㹻Ǻúõˣ
ֻǲҪ˵飬ҲûйĽ
ͳϵס۶ȥ




303Ů
 

ɽׯ  ϵļн쵹Ƿǳ֣˺֮⣬һһǱߡ
˿Ѿҹʮˣ⼸˻Ǿͷʮ㣡  үүӦϢ˰
˵һλŮӣȥ󷽣дҹʣһž׵ȥˡ
ŮʫԱߵүүďһң
ϰŮǳˮ˰Ǹո鷨Ѿһҵķ緶˰
ϿŸʫҲЦŸďЦŵ
ďһֵŮ鷨ҲǲֻǷѣҪĥһ
ϣͲҪǫˣʫһֵ̳ģһкְɣ
ҲЦԴԼĲκ֮ˬ  ʫݸһЦϡϣǾͲҪȡЦʫˣ
⺢ӻͦǫأҲЦ
ďǼ¶ǵԭЦŵ⵹ҲҸϸ紵갡Ů鷨Ҳľߴ֮硣ҿһ֮УûмǼʫдúõء
үү
ʫҲΪ԰̧̧ͷ˵ģĲôš
鷨ȴ൱ţȫı֪õ˶ٵĹھˡ
ڵ鷨ЭᣬѾ֮ơ
ďƽһ飬¾ԼŮˣ  ˣ
һҲЦҼŮɾͱȲǼˣϲɱɱġ
ÿ˶ԼİďҲЦ˵Ѿͷûˡ
ʫһʱƺǶĹһ㣬͸ղӷ˸ı仯
ſˣ
ϸ׼ԼŮ˵һ׺һ֮˶Ǳˡ
ôᡭ
ֹɵô˵Ĳö˵ʲôҪǹɾͲˡ
Űһ׵ʱҲЦվ
һԵĸď˵Цŵ˲Ѱɣ
ϰһȻ˿ףҲû뵽ֶˣЦŵ̸ϣѰɣϺãϺá
ɫһ죬ʫʱүүôˣ
ôͲˣʫЩ˵
ѾͷС˭Ҳ˭ôˣôأҲǿЦһ
ЦŵѪղŽͷӣҪһЩʲôҲ
һԵĸʫһΪ˸ʲô˧أߣҲһ㰡
ҵºûйϵɣһ㵽ڻûҪذ

ɫһѾͷԽԽˣô˼Ҳǿ˰  ďûû£ҲһЩСѾͷΪ鷨Ŷģ֪Ѿͷ鷨û°
ȻûУ
̶ŸďΪһ鷨һֱû¹
Դӵ˾ַ֮ʵѾ縶ʫˡ
ďЦŵϰ鷨ֹˮǼʫǷȱľⷽ棬Ҫܹ̬ƽĻܹһΣ
ҲǿЦһǼƢҪǵϸϰ鷨Ļڶˣ
үү
ɫ΢ĿϣȻ͵͵Ŀףȥͦں׵뷨ġ
ӴιŮкߵʱ򰡣ʫһ
Ҫܣʫʫһ˵ǺȥϵѾϰΪˡ
Цŵղǻţ֪ˮĸдΰ
ʵС鷨ҲͦϲģֻΪѧҵûп̿С
ڵѾǽʱͬˣ鷨оһǲȴĴУ  ɽ統鷨ɽҲһ  ˵ڵ鷨ǼֱСһ
Ȼˣ׽鷨վоôһߣǴ͸⾳ɽŲСĲࡣ
ң
ҲǸоЩƣΪ鲻ӦԼ
үүһ֪鷨ˣûȤأ˵ˣ鷨ɲʲô˶ܹĳġʫЦЦ
ʵ仰ĿɲһˣǴһԵûƷζ
ʫ㲻ддĺЩִĶɱˣNɪʲô
Ϊߵ˵⸶ʫ˵ޱȡ
Ͳ鷨˵д𣿡ʫһֱš
һԵϸоЩε˵ϸ˵Ѿ˰
ď΢΢һЦСǰɣûϵ̸̸˵Ŀ




304дĻ
 

ϵļ壡  ԭĻЦ･ȥȡ֮Ϊεա
ϵ̬൱ƽͣϺ͸ʵҲЩ˼
ȻˣνĶҪΪ˵Ů
̬ѾǱ֮ǰҪ̫̫ˣѾһոµĲΡ
Ǹϲһ൱˵ۣ  Ȼʲôһһɣ
׿˿ďЦŵϣ鷨ҵԶһֻλǰ׳ʵЩŪˡ
ʱȻˣǿˣһЩҲǲְ
ŸЦЦϸҿҲûҪ˰ɣһ
ϣŮͲ׳˰ɣɲ̫ðʫٺһЦ
쿴ĵҪ׹ȥˣʵҲεĺܡ
ʺҲûе̣֪ΪʲôŮǶԼŸʲô  ďϵ˵ϰ鷨ֻǻдѣ˵ˣղСҲ˵ˣ鷨ҲԶһЩġ
׵ִ磬ȻҪ͸ۺˣϣ˿ߡ
ѾͷʫѾͷҿԩҡһԿż˼Ϻ͸Ǳ߶ҲЦŵ
Ȼ˵ĻҾ˵˵ƺǫ˵
֮áďЦŵһдҷ緶ҲǼʫѧϰѧϰ
үүʫһ˵ĿŸďƺԼүүԼˡ
ʵďҲǰϵӶѣ˹ŻĲ֪ʲô鷨
ƽʱϲֶѣ
վĸǰϰīδɵĸ֣ҲƵƵͷ
дĻУ
ʵ׵ĸо˵дǲˣĸоĻǼֱһͿˡ
ˮĸ֣ľһ֡ա  顢ռţ
д֮˱Ҫһ̬ӵȻܹõе⾳
׿ĸֵʱԿһҫζ
д֮ʱ϶ű˵Ŀ϶Ǳʷ֮΢΢Ծƽʱϰϡ
鷨ľ⾳
ν⾳ʵ鷨ľ裡
Ϊʲô׽鷨Һɽ鷨űʵأ
Ǿ⾳ͬ⾳ͬͬдĶƺ⾳Ȼر  У
ʫԭȴ׵Ķ֮ʣû뵽һ䣬Ȼһ
дĻУʲôȥǼΪǿ֮һ㡣
øʫоһı  һθʫԭǲԼүүģҪΪһרҪϺͺȥμԼүүʮ٣  ⱲӶҪû뵽һŮѣԼΪ鷨ôĸֵۣ  һȻһԵĸϵҲܹܵĳʫķŭ
һЦףɵƯдľһҪȥ治֪ʲôء
ʵҲòϣ鷨ϣԼ͸ʫĲѾԽԽԶˡ
һˣʱô˵ʫҲ൱Ŀġ
ھװӸˣ
ŸʫĲҪҪӣ൱Ŀģ  һ⸶ʫ׼쭣ҲЦЦô鷨ʫͲҪһʶˣ
ҲŲһʶͲ˵ʲô֪ʲô鷨𣿻дĻУһΪ³ʲôأ
ʫСƤر˵дᣬط֮⡣
ȻСŮ̬ʧˣ
ԭһＴһ㲻Ҳ˵ǳ֮Ļ
ɾһдĻУһ߸ߡ
ďԼŮҲһ֣ʫԽԽϹˣ˶㶼ܲˣ̸Ϊң
˵ϸ֮еҲһҲЦе˵ҿʫдѾľ֣⾳ʮˣ
үүھδŮ˵˵ʲôдĻУ
ͱˣ  ʫھ̬ȣҪһʲôҲˣô˵дĻĸ֣  ΢΢ҡͷŮȥǺţôһԼ˵дĻоͱQأ
Ҫ֪۹ܹ˵һдĻУǼߵˣ
˵дĻлЩΥԼĲ˵Ļ
˵Ŀⶼ׵ϣ׵ɫȴҲǲ̫ÿ˭Ҳʲôõ̬ȵġ




305²ĸʫ
 

˵ʫô£˶дĶôأ
İԸˣΪôȫǿ͸ʫصô˵ġ
ûУôһ˵  ֪Ů˾Ƿ蹷һĶԼˣ˵ΨСŮҲǲ  Ҿǲôˣ˭һ׳أʫ֪ǼʻôΣڿ׾ǲˬ  ׸ղ˵дĻ֮ѾӲˬ˱ŭˡ
ôû㶼øˣҼǵø˵ûһõ̬ɳɲ鷨Ŷ
˱ˣȻ̬ǳĺˡ
ҪǸʫĻƢʮͷţҲء
׿ŸʫҾ˵ûûһõ̬дõƷġ
Ӵǣڶѧ򳪸˰ԺⱾ¾ͲҪ۱˵ƷǶߵĲأͬҲԵ֪
ʫĻ˵ԽԽȻƽʱˣӵ˷ǳΡ
Ͽ׵ɫҲǳʫˣ
Ͽϵӵ˵ϣ⻤Ҳе˰ɣ
ҿ⻤Ӳеˣ㸶ϵļҽ𣿡ϵʲãҪ֪׵ݿ൱硣
ղȫΪҪ¶׵ݣϲһֱЦġ
ڿԼ˲ˣôסأ
˻׿ԵദԼȴУѾһ·Ψһֻǰˣ  װڰֵϣȻҪҵۣҾ˵˵ɡ
ѾЩˣʫҲЩϢģǹ˵ϴ
ďҲһȻҲЩߡ
ղԼѾ˵ԼŮˣ˵һû˼˰ɣ  ŮղŶԼŮôĲأԼûзŭأϾȻôһ  վԼĽǶȣϺ͸϶Լе  ˵Ҫһ۸ʫƷʱҲǴӵ۵Ļ࿴˶ԷһۣȻ󶼶׿ˣ  ׳⼸۴ֵĽǶȻǱգӦһĵˡֻ⼸İܱʾдֵ˵̬
Ŷ
ďƺһЩŵȷԼŮд⼸ֵʱԸһЩ
ֻϺͺԱߣԼҲ̫˼ڰԼŮӣ
΢΢һЦû⾳ûһ㣬ȻȥЩûκε⣬⾳
ߣ˵ֻˣΪԼܶ𣿡ʫЦһ
ďʱǲˣŸʫʫúۣ֪ϱǲõϰ𣿡
үү
ʫԭΪԼүүվԼһߵģû뵽ӵġ
׳Сд⼸ֵʱҲºϡϵ˿϶ڳĦ
⵹ǲҲҪʫ⼸ĽЦе˵
ǺǣǸС㼱ɣмһ˿Ŀ󣬿Լܹõ˵ͬ⼸ִһ˿пϢ棡
׵۵ȷ൱пϣʫ֮˶ˡ
û뵽һ⼸оȻܹƶϳԼʱ⾳  Ѳһ֣
⾳Լүү˵һûиʮĻ۸ܴﵽΣ  ȥԼƺСһЩôܴﵽĲأ
Ű
ďʱ˴ĴָôҲû뵽ֻȻǴһëͷСӵ˵ġ
΢΢ҡͷϿˣˮ⾳Ӧǿռš飬ӵȻȻСܹⷽڼǿһЩĻȻܹٳ߸ͷһ
㡭
ʫһӱ˵ƿԣʵЩԼүү⾳ֹһεĸԼˡ
Լ򲻵Ǹ㣬ˮĸ֣  ʼոоԼղȻĸоȻдĺԼүүȥࡣ
ԼĿȥľġԼүүдˮȥôȻУ
ͨ˵УԼһţ
ԼУԼŻźܴĲࡣ
ʫ䣬ҲǰȥûԼˡ
˻ԼͷˣѲԼӮҪ  ߣҿʣ¸Ƥˣ˵ĵͷͷǵͲ֪Լдʲôˡ
ʫĲ  һ˾Ȼܹ˵Լôܹܵأ  ďŸʫˣʫ̫ˣʹղŵļ仰͹ѧܳʱˣ
˵˭˵˵ٰʽ
ʫԼүүĻ;ֻϹ˵˵Ҫ֪鷨ûиʮ裬д̫õƷ




306𾪵ү
 

ԭϵ˴кģкûдѾǱһ䣡  Ȼ֮ǰ1918ͬǱһŮļңҲмƢġ
˵֮˵ƢǱһ˻ҪŹֺܶࡣ
ǶԹһԲϾͶʵ̫̫ˡ
׵ûôļƢ֮ǰȻֺüΣɳ˱һԼ֮⡣
Ļ϶Ǳֵģ
ղŸʫ˵΢һЩĻôҲôĽƽϡ
㲻ܰѺìܶŪԼɣ  Ҹղ׵ȷǺпϵ˸ʫһЩԵ
㸶ʫжҲͰˣһֱ䳰ȷôأ  ʫǸӣͲҪһʶˣҲǴԲϾ˼Լľˡ
Ҳǵͷʫ⺢ӣǳ󰡣
׿˿ʫ˵һ飬鷨д⾳Զдĳ鷨ģ
дǲأдóбдһҿۣ
ʫǸˣǲ˳ԽԼ
ã
ҲЩŭ˵㲻Ҫ鷨Ǿ㿴ʲô鷨  ď׵ӣҲǸϽĪ֣ʫ
ԭΪСŸܹ棬û뵽Ȼ˵ͱˡȻСִˣ֮Ҿһµ֮кβأ
˵䲢û̫ĸɫʣϲͱ˵Ůӡ
ȻҲ֪ǰʫŮһƽʱġ
ϸϽһСޡ
ҲǵͷʫЩ˰
ʫҲ֪Щˣﻢ£һֱһЦеĿЦ
̵ľЦЦӡ
ҵҪдʲôʫĿԣбһɲľͷ
īֽ⣡  Ѿ׼ȫһԵǺܹɸ׿ʼĥ
Ȼ˶ȰοʫǻҪ׵ûʲôʵϣ  ȻˣΨһĵ˿¾ˣ
˲֪׵ĵ֪ܲ
ִʣ  ĺһеëѾʵһ㣬˲ϵֽںһ𣡣
ˮ
һ˲ĹһѾԾȻֽϣ  һ˲Ѿһƴ֮УһƲһ絶ϲ  ď˸о嫵磬Լǳд  ǲԾĴ֣ĳ  ղڶ
Լ֮˼Ŵ֮лζ
⡭
ďǧһ仰Ѿ޷дˡ
û뵽һ꣬Ȼܹд˵س鷨
ղŸоԼôһ˲䣬Ѿ뵽֮У  мһͬǧƣգʵΣ
ϽǵһǸɽ׹ʯɽʯ֮찡
һģ£پ֮ǿգ
ďһ֣˳Уþ᲻뿪  ֣ⱲӼдõһ֣Ǵӱ⾳Ѿǳף̾Ϊֹ  ⡭⡭
ʫһɫͨ죬ԭԼ鷨Ѿϳˣڸ˼ҵֱĻǼֱСѧ簡
˵ԼдĻеĻ˼ҵѾֱ֮һģ
ԭ׵ôĲмɴһͱˣ  ʲô⣿үүҲһ࡭һ֮롭
ďĪѾƷеƷ
Ȼȴ΢΢һЦкָ̣
ָ̲ҵҵʦ֪
ďһ̸̻ʲôӲӣ˵һ鷨Եˡ
ֳԸڱķ񣬿˺֣˶ˣ
ʦ
û뵽Լ̲ס԰һ£Ȼǳ鷳

ďЩڴĿףԭҲΪԼʵѾ൱ǿֻй˲ܹ֮ȡ
ɽλд֮۶Ѿ߸
ͣôһֺ֣  ϵҿ˰ɣ鷨ѣ⵹ǿԡ˵ҪʦĻǾ̸ˣ
׿ɲͽܣͽܵı׼ǱȽϵϸġ
Ȼԣÿһȴ⡣




307¾Ӳɹƻ
 

Цˣ  ʫˣ  ˶𾪵ĿǰףһԵЦŵû뵽鷨ȻҲôĳڰ
ʵȵ˾ˣԼ˵ʵ鷨дĺһЩôأ
ǿߣܵĴڣ
ď̾һȻ˵Ҳֻܴˣ
гʧ֮ɫ
׿ŸďʵܽҲ࣬ϵ鷨Ѿ֮⾳ȴԼĥ
ǰ⾳Ǹⳳӵ֮УҸоԼѾѸˣď̾һ  Цŵϸҿ㻹ǼɽˮȽϺһЩ
ďЦЦ⵹Ҳǣǰһֱ¶˾ģڿһ¶ˣһʮ磬֪ʱûпգ
ďЩڴĿףʵһҲһЩ鷨ҡ
񿴵׵ʵ֮Ȼϣ׹ȥˡ
ЦŵпҶȻǰ
ďݹһƬףȻŸʫʫ߰ɣѾҹͲ߶ŸλϢˣ
ʫ΢΢ͷĻһĲӿ
ҲǺʶȤûڳʫڵĸʫȴ쳣ܡ
ôҲû뵽˸ѣȻӵ˴ţ
˵棬ʫһ㶼רҵ汻˻ˡ
Ϳ֪ˣ
ŸďŮ뿪̲סЦ
׿ҲЦŵЦôŸʲô
ҾǿģŸʫԱˬܻ˵ִ磬̫ˡҸղŶû뵽㻹鷨
һĶأЦŵ
ϿЦŵôһ飿
΢Ľһ飬̾һİܱʿ¾ĶˡҪĻ½лһˣ
ЦŵѾ˾ˣҿɽׯ̫ԶҾ͹ˡ
ҡ϶׻൱𾴵ġ
Цŵ֮ǰҸ̸飬û뵽ϸȻŮˡ¸ºʮ٣Ҫһ۾ۣʱûпջ֪ء
пյȻҪȥѿϸô鰡ֻǽЩܴ
ҲЦĸďȷǱܴ  Цŵߣ֮ǰ̸ĿǰǾսʿѵƵƵˣⳣõĵ˵ҩȴһ㡭
ϿЦһϰ˵ʵҪڿٵ˿ڣҩȷ൱ѣҽӦһЩ취ġ
˵ҩҲƵĿ˿ϡ
ЦŵܹƳĵ˵ҩĻôÿľвɹϰڣ
ǺǣϰڵȷǺ˵һ鵰⣡
ʵϿеҩ׷ַӾܹƳֻҪ΢һľԪϡͣЧǸܸܵΡ
Ԫ𵽵һ߻ãҲ˵ԭ֮ǰҪʱܹϵ˿ڣ˾ԪĴ߻ֻ֮ҪСʱҵʱ伴ɣ  ׵ĲΪ׬Ǯ֮ǰǸױƷѾ㹻ȥ׬Ǯˡ
ǰˣԼˣȻˣҪĻҪкõĲƷҽŵġ
ʵ˵ǿߵûʲôõĶ  Ͼҽ̩ɽοһλҽߡ
Цŵϣǳ׵Ľˣûа취ûа취ҾͲ֪ˣ
Ͽɲϸ״ƱһҲ֪ң
׿ֻܹΨհ
׳ôҩҵûһܹҩƷ𣿡
̾һĿǰҽҩҵҲܶҵΪ׬ǮǴ˼о棬εĹءһιҰѾӵҩƷɹһҰѰѹأұҪѹ˰
ȷҲǣ׵ͷȥҽԺǾǧǮڳ˵ܹܣɶһЩƶ˵أǲ֮ܳأ
ǰ¶Ҫ׵Ĵҽҩ¢ϣӾǵһϳ
׵ͷ뷨׵һ֧֣Ȼ˵ĻҲ͸ףҩһУֻҪҪȸ¡
УʵҲûаϣľͼߣԭ׼ȥ߷õһЩҵ
û뵽һ㶼ûʧȻҽ
һֱӾͰ㶨ˣں˵ܹеĻǶڴ¢൱ĺôġ




308Ī̵
 

ȷʵУӦҲûġĿǰҪľǿûҩܹ
˵ĵʵҩ˵Ƿǳļ򵥣ѶӦþһҩҵ̸顣
׿ҵǾӪ治ģȻˣۺϿǡ
ڵĴ󶩵ܹһҩˣҵרö಻ľ
ֻȱľǹ˲ţҪⷽ˲ŵĻӦ൱ġ
ױƷǱĿǰʱҪģΪ˼ǱߵŶӻ൱רҵġ
ҩ󣬿»˼İ취Ҳܶ࣡
Ͼǻŷķ򲢲һ飬׿ûʱȥЩ顣
˦ƹǲģ  ЦŵҾͰ˰ߵĺϢ
׿ź˦ƹıԼҲЦŵϣҵôҲɲǣɣһµʱ䣬Ӧûκε⣡
УԽԽãϾҲϣڶóһҽҵĸﻹ൱õġ
ԭһϾˣŵľЩ
ں˵ϣܹ𲡣Ҳ֮е飡
ЦŵʱҪҰæĻ㾡ܿڣ
ҲǵͷҪЩ۵˹ҲĻǿɾ͹ֲĺˣ
׵ͷж仰Ļзȥ𣿺Ǻǣ
׺ͺϵ̸һСʱʱ䣬һֱҡ
׵Ļоһ˵ǰֻһСĻôٿ׵ĿѾԭСˡ
һҹ󣡣
ڶһ׾͸˺ϺϣֱӰ͵ͬ۴ѧѧУſڡ
˵֮ױ㳯ѧУķ˹ȥ
ѧУô죬ûȥϹһÿΡ
Ϊ೤ЩⲻȥˣҲûа취顣
ϾܶҲɼ  ೤
߽Լ༶ʱ˶ǳ˹
೤˼ѧھȻŹϿΡ
ǸϿεʦ׵ĵû̫ǣĿΡ
ֳʵҲѾӦˣܶѧٵˣȴҲν
׳΢΢һЦȻĪ̵Աߡ
Ī̿׵ʱҲǻһôоԼһܣرҪףȴʼղ֣
֡ס
Ī̿׵ʱ򣬺˿̵ǳļ
̣ô׵
Ī΢΢һЦţءֻǹʱûʱȥ
ʵĪûʱȥֻ᲻ԼǮѡ
һʱһԶٷЦŵ
磿ԷءĪЩεĿ˿׵ҪȻô
ǾϣЦŵ
ĪչһЦҪȻһȥԷɣ
ţҸȥⲻʰɣ׵۾Ị̄˼Էɶϵ  ʵҲûʲôʶһã˵ҪһϲҶ˺üˣһʵûа취ˣ
Ī̵ƤǱȽϵı˺üΣҲûа취
Цʵǰô
ǰģľϵһŮ﷼ĪЦŵ˵оһĿġ
׵ͷҪǾ˵Ļȥǲе㲻ʰ
ֹأ﷼գʵûа취ơûпΣҾʹӦˣ
Ī̽͵Ҳǳ˸ۣһԼȥĲӦġ
Ȼ﷼ĺѣԴӾǮ֮ҲǱ˺ܶࡣ
ĪѣѾʵˣ  ǺǣҲôĺ£Ͽɲÿһ˶ǻ˵Ĳ𣿡Щο˵
ţ֪أ﷼ǺѡҴȥ϶ûģִ磬͸һȥ£һԸأ
Ī¶һ˿ЦݣЦݶ׸ڻˡ
ײ֪ǣĪѾΪͬ۴ѧֿȵУû֮һ
ѾõȫУϿɣЩŮ˶ҲĽѡ
ҳԷΪɶЦʵ
ҡҸл㰡һڹѧҲ׬˲ǮأԶٴͣĪЦŵ
ҳԶٴͣҿɲ˰
ЦŵȻĪ룬ôҲøŮһЩ  ţʱȥȥ
Īһȥ̳ģʲôģһٿǮҲ׬˲ٵǮ
ȻûлȥڼĻ൱ĳʵġ
۵Ϊȥ̫ˣѹҲûϿΣҲû⼸һкˡ
¿֮ĽĿУĪ뿪˽ҡ
Ī̳ŶǴſ֣ҪȻоʤ䷳⵹Щ̿ⳤ̫ÿҲһﰡ




309׵Ļ
 

Ī̴˳⳵ʵҲЩΡ
ѲɿĪϲԼֻѧУһλŮԱ
ԴһȥSCʡ֮ϵĹϵ˵Ѿȷˡ
ղ¥֮ԶԶĸоϵĿԼķ򿴹
Ҳֻܹװɵһĳ˹ȥ
ڽֻͣеԺл˵ˣ  磬檻̫ˣҪ׽ϺĪͬʱԼ²̫ܣ  ǵأʱһлˮˣ
ϳΪԼŮˣ׿϶Ҫģֻھ̫幬ûȫͣҪȵȷ֮˵
Ị̄ǱҪȥ̫幬ģⴿԵ׶˵Ļôȥ̸ʲôأ  һˣȻԼŮ˲٣ôôҲðٺ˰ɣ  Ͽ׺Ī뿪ѧУ˳⳵Ҳζӳ£ɲ֪ΪʲôԼȴ
ԣһֻ۱һֻ۵ȥˣ
Ҫ͵Ļ϶ԼһĽͲ  ԼΪѵʱ׵ĳ˶ϣ
ô˵Ǹ߸Լİڶεˡ
֮ǰûѧУ֮ǰԼİ컹߶ףĺԼһ㣡  ùʴƵ꣡
ھͬ۴ѧ幫ĵطǽΪҵ֮һ
Ȼˣﲢһ  ķʹüһĸǱһ߳еĶҪӴܶࡣ
﷼ʮգʵôСգôʦڵܵһǼľƵأ  ﷼ļҾʵҪߵĵطԶٷ»Щ̫ʵ
ĪҲйɻֻû֮ǰҲ֪ùʴƵ꾹Ȼ˺ľƵ꣡  ͦǮ˳⳵֮ҲЦŵ
Ī̿ǰ̻Ի͵ĴҲЩȦ˵ûûаҼǵ﷼˵ļҾһġ
ҾһֵطԷҸղ˵ֻʮհɣ΢΢ҡͷ
⡭ҾͲ֪أǼҵǮûǮҲ֪˼ұϾǽˡ
ĪЩοԼ˵Ȼܹͬ۴ѧ̿϶͡
ֲѰϢоһĲ
﷼ĺѣԼȥ̳ģػ˼﷼ȥġ
ҪȻԼһܹ׬ôǮأ  ڵĪ̿˵üһǮͿ׬Ǯˡ
üɣΪһʵЩ̫Ѱ˵һѧôǼƵأ  ǵȻ˵û£ǳԶٷǺǡ
ĪҲȻһЦ԰ǳԶٷҲӦûʲôģ
׵ǲģֻҪԼˣǸʲô۶ӳҲνġ
ùʴƵ꣡

﷼첢ûȥϿΣľ˾ùʴƵߡ
ǴһģǾǸԼͬѧܶ
ΪģΪ˽Լĸڵλıġ
﷼ĸ׺ĸ׶ڽͶϰ࣬ϵȷͦġ
ĸĸȴûҵƣ  бƺûбƵĲʵ̫̫ˣûбƵһõ־ǧǮǿڡ
бƵһҲǰǧϣǽࡣ
˼һʧǮ  ʵһģûбƵ˵ĹбƵ˵ĹҪغܶࡣ
һιڼͬѧۻʱ﷼֪Լĸͬѧ鼪ϵǱĳɲ  鼪ĸ׼Ҿ˵ҲǺǮһҲĹ˾鼪Ǵ˵и֡
˵鼪ǿͬѧˣһ϶ġ﷼Цŵ
鼪ĵҲǲΪ˧һö
﷼ЦŵԴϴҿѵƬ֮ҿǻǣưҪҰĪ̸㵽ֵĻʱı⻹һ仰飿
ǰ﷼Ǻ˵㻹𣿡һ˵˽ǿ֣ͺ鼪һֱ
ǿڸеʱǸ죬ǼҺҲͦǮģ˵ǼҲݵ١
ǳζͶ֣
﷼Цŵ鼪һ˵ֻҪԼĻ
Ǳһ극߾ˡ鼪﷼üŪ۵˵
﷼һ㶣漴̿ǸŮǿɱŪһЩ߰鰡
鼪Դǵ˵İɣֻǴȥѣҵƷ㻹𣿡
Ұıơ
﷼ĲµĻԼıƣ;ⲻǸԼͬѧܸѶѡ
˵ˣҪǺ鼪ԼĻȥĪ
˵Ī̱Ƚϵˣܹ鸱Ķӿأһ찡
Ī̼ƶֲǲ֪鼪ֲҾֺãֶΪأ




310¾ϲǾţ
 


׺Īƿŵʱ򣬲ûзָ
ֻˣĪ̸ʶ﷼֮ǰ˵Ҫ벻ء
ѲνĲ˾ֻô  ׸Щ֣ҳ﷼֮ⶼеģ﷼ԱߵǸеĿĪ̵һ˿֮ɫ
̣˰λǣ﷼û뵽Ī̾ȻһеĹ
˵ʵȷĪ̸ûѡ
Ҫ֪֮ǰĪ̱Ǯ׷ѧУֵҲǷзġ
Ҳǲ֮𣿣
ԴǼ֮ͺĪʶˣû˵Īһ˵
ǰ˿ȥĺܣ﷼ЩֵĿ˿ס
ĪһҲǲ֪ôףǺҪλԼء
ײӦŮſȴҲֵĺܡ
׵ͦ󷽵˵ѣ˳·
ԭ˳·㻹𣿡﷼ƺôӭס
һԵĪ̿﷼﷼Ӹλûйϵɣ
﷼һԵĺ鼪鼪ɫһ﷼գ
ʵ϶ǲ˴ߵģĴߵĻôһ鶼첻ˡ
˳׼ôҲ㲻Ů˾Ȼһ˹ˡ
﷼ЩΪѵĿỊ̄ĪЩ˵ҪûλǾˣҸִһԣȳ԰ɣ
ûûУôûλأ
﷼ķӦ൱ĿģһĪҪߣܹأ
ҪĪ˵Ļ첻ǰæһ  ЦһղǻɣѾǻɵˣ϶¡
Ҫ˵ҪЩʲô
Ī﷼ԱߣĪ̵Աߡ
﷼ܽܣ鼪һǴүģĪ̾Ͳˮˡ
һԵǿ֣Īժ¿ֵһ̣Ҳǵɴ۾
ŮǼ٣Ůǵһμ
ԭ﷼ʱΪȻĪ̵ʱҲǲϵĭ
﷼Цŵգûˣ˼ҪõѡλҹۣỊ̄һͬ۴ѧġ
ŶǺáĪ̵˵оЩ̫Ѱ
̣λҸͬѧ鼪ԱߵҲҸͬѧǿ֡﷼·Ǹǣߴһ㣬˸оܲ
Ị̣ܸ̄ˡ
鼪־׼ǰĪ֣ߵӣĪ̸оһĲ
㻹ǽḬ̄ɣҲϰߡ
Ī̲δվ֣ǿź鼪˵̬Щĸо
鼪һӸоԼǳΣҲվҲǡ
һԵǿЦŵ磬Ƕˣôɣ϶ǸȥЩ泡ȥˣڿ˶ϲˡ
鼪һһЦǰҰû¾ϲҳȥ棬Ҳûа취컹ǽеĸгһԷ
ļٵİȻǸгһԷǿֵıЩš
ʵЩͨ˵л൱أ
ǹٳЩˣͨİյоΪصһȺˡ
鼪һֵ˭ҰҪأæҲûа취ҰֲôܺȾƣھͰǰơ
﷼һ̵̣ôͬѧİְֿǱ鸱ĶӣҺ鸱˵ϾҪˡ
ʲôϵ𣿡ĪЩ˵
﷼΢΢һЦҵգرĸˡ̣ҿһϢҪء
ʲôϢ
ĪھϣԼϽ뿪ߣϲĳϡ
﷼һζڣов
﷼һЦһͬѧۻʱ򣬺鼪пƬҿͦģҾǰĸ߸˧ܸΣ
﷼㲻ҵľϲװɣҿɲǾϲǾţĪû˵
̡﷼ýһǿ޵ô˵ɣҪǺ˧һŮͬ۴ѧһȦֹ˼Һ鼪ʲôʱһҵֱӾܹŪԱ֮ģԱհ
ǰŮҸ˵ǺʲڣڽķӾסҪǸǺĻʱֱӻؼ̾ˣ
ǿ˵ʵҲʵ﷼˵Ҳʵ
ֻϧǲ֪ĪѾϲˣϲ˾Աߣ
ǰĪĻôһ˿˿Ķģ  ԴӾǮ֮󣬿˵֮⣬κ˶ˣ  ׸ڶεڵò˵ģõܹҵõ
һϲ̰ͼֵˣôľѾ
Ī̳ԲҶûκȤѾϲˣ
̣ͲҪƭˣһ֪ܲ𣿡﷼ĵ˵
鼪һԵףһ˿ɫ֣ܿҴľóǲ̸飬Ϊ﷼Ҫ
PS20ϣллλֵ֧ܵ֡




311º鼪ı
 

ټֻˣ
ȥշǳΣ鼪ߣҲתһ˼·
ЦһҪź鼪Ҫʲô  ̣ҪȻȳԷɣɵúȵŶ﷼ĪһεЦ
ǿվ˶˾ƣ  Īҡҡͷ﷼ҲȾƣ
ԭĪ̾﷼ǺܲģҲͦϲһġ
û뵽﷼Ȼ˵ķʲô鶼Լһ¾ˡ
׽ѧУĻԼ֪ôˡ
ȵ£ûпΣ˵ˣû£Һȹģ﷼Цŵ
ǿЦŵ﷼գҸˣŮֻҪһҸһǧΣ
ļٵİ﷼۾գգ͵Ŀǿֵ
ǿ΢΢һЦǵȻ˭ŴҲԣһһǧ飡Ǯ
˵꣬صһóһӵǮ  ʮ飡
İڷϣ  ֽ𺳣ԶԶҪȿϵĶĶ࣡
﷼۶ðž⣬һԵĪҲĿǰֽһЩ֪룡  鼪ٺһЦ淨ڵͦʱֵģƺҲҪǺȰ׾ƵĻ
ǿֿź鼪һֵҪǰ׾ƵĻǾһһ
һһ
﷼￴ôǮһǮͺȱƣ  ͷǮô׬أ˶ֻ֪鼪ɲġ
һһǿִֵЦŵ
﷼̶һԵỊ̵̄ûᰡһ׾¶֮ѧѶˣ
ҿ̫ܲܺȾơ
ĪЩԥˣȷ׬ǮĺûᣬԼ֪ԼܲܺȾƣ  ջ󣡣  ڴУָջǳ˵ߣܶŮֵסջΪ˱˵Ըʶˣ  Цһ˻Ǵṵ́  ԼĪ̶ˣʱʲô˭ܹ֤أ
ҸղŴ˵̸У֪ǰСӵĸһλ
ҪΪˣ
һҪǷʲô飬Ѱİôܸһλأ
ڼ˼￴ȥҲЩǮȨǮʲô  һһ׿˿ǿЦʵ
ȻĪС㲻ȣλֵܣҲ԰ǿЦŵ
鼪Ҳ΢΢һЦǰһһǮôˬ죡
ִ磬㲻Ҫȣ
ĪЩǵĿףƿҪƴһ㣬ѲִĺȱǮ
һһɵɵ
Ϸݵͦ㣬΢΢һЦ
ֵˬ찡ҪֱӶƿĻ򣡣
ǿҲǺ죬ʵûôǮôǮǺ鼪ġ
ԭ鼪ҪһȥƽĪ̵ģŮ˿ȥǳ֣Ҫطͻƿ²ס
ҪŮ˾Ȼһ˹Ҫ˸㲻Ļһжõġ
ҪõоȵŮӣԺѾˡ
ʱ򼴱Ů˸Լǿأ˵˺Ⱦ£˵Լˣ
ܹɹŮ˵ȻǸõģϾŮʵ̫ջˡ
һҪòأ鼪ǵķǳܵҪκεĿܶų
ų˺ֵܶĿԲžʵʩƻġ
ΪԼǿ֣û뵽һ˻й׵ģ  ƿãҲǴֵ˵Ҫĺ˵ĻʱɵðҰǮ߰
ִ磬㡭Ҫע尡Ī̿ףҲ֪ӦôȥȰοס
΢΢һЦҾأ
﷼һֳƺõչĿ˼˰֮ǰҲŪһ
﷼ҲҪ׬ѿǮ׾ܺһģൽʱһ¡
ɣֵܣȻڶͷϣҪȻһ
ǿִһóһƿ׾ƣ׾Ȼע52ȣ  Ҫ֪ڽطһ㶼ǺȺƺͻƾƵģȰ׾ƵԱȽһЩ
׿˿ǿ֣һƿı׾һƿҪһƿһ˵ĻǾǰɣ
ֵͦıͺһƿһģʱ㻹ܶ׬һǮ
ǿֿף֮ľ֮ɫ
һҾͶƿ
ûпѺܺȰ﷼ҲǼ˵һƿ򰡣  Ī̵е֮ɫ׾Ʋʲôöֲǲ֪
ĺ˵Ļôأ
Ҳ֪Ī̿׿˿Ị̵̄ǵðǮ˰




312¶ƿ
 

ĪеעףһʲôԾĻͻƿӡ
ȻҲܹ׬ǮЩǮȴô׬ġ
ǵƿӿʼȾƵʱĪ̾Ȼз
Ϊ׬Ǯ̫ˣ뵽ߣͲˡ
Īתһ룬԰
ȻڽǿһģʱԼ۾ʱȥء
ĪҲ֪⽭ķۣһ״ҪööǮ
˻ȱǮ𣿾Բģ  Ϊʲôôĳ嶯أһƿưҪֱӸ˵Ļ»ǳԲ  ̣ףȲҪ˵˵˺пҪҹȻʲôһװĻ㲻Ҫģ
Ī֮ʣĶ߾Ȼ׵
ײûжԼ˵Ǵʲôطأ  ĪһãĿףȴ׳ͷʾղžԼ˵ġ
Īһˣ
ԭĲһĪ磬ǾͺһЩ
ͨʱĿĪ̿ʼ飡
ŵʱӵ׽ˣ
ˣˡ
״˾ƿӣȻǺˮһĺ
һְӵʱ䣬ԭһƿƣ˿̾ƿѾǱÿտյ
ã
ǿֺͺ鼪ͬʱ֣治Ĳף鼪Ҳǰզ࣡
֮ǰһ׷Ǿƴƣ
ΪʲôǿҲһҲǺȾƵĸ֣ƽһǾûġ
ôҲû뵽ǰСӾȻôܺȣ
˧磬գۼĹǮ͵ˡ
﷼һֱڹע㻹Ǯϣ׺ȵľƶ˵ڼ㷶Χ֮ڡ
׼װ˸õЩԲ
ǿֹһЦû£û£ָˣܺȶپͺȶ
һƿˣ  ǿֺͺ鼪˵ҲǷһƿ¶ǣиʮҾƾˣһ̯Ǳˡ
ʱٰ﷼֧߻߹Ļʱ﷼һҲǲ԰  ùʴƵ꣬ԼֵܿģֻҪ˽ǰͱ±Ҳǽġ
鼪ΪʲôҪѡƵꣿΪԭ򣡣
˵ˣԼֵڽǿ൱ţģǼڽڰͨԵġ
ԶԶԣ֣ӾǾиְþ˧Ҳ൱ĺʰ
鼪ɲ⼸ٿǮһƿľƣֻҪܹõĪ̵ĻǺһǮһƿľԸġ
ĪһһЦ˶һҪĸоˣ
Ī粻ʳ˼̻һ㣬ú鼪˺ɶֱߵ㡣
޲ֱȥĪץԼһ
뵽һҪܹõ׵ӣ鼪澹Ȼ˾ҵķӦҪǱߵĻ˭˶Ầߵġ
ҡһỹҪ̻ȥ͡ͺһƿɡ
װ൱ţģЩӣ鼪˷
һԵǿʹ˸ɫǿЦе˵ָ磬ҪĺȲȥˣǾٺһ㣿
ңһƿ״ֵ˵
Ī̸ղһֱԼǲ˻þɸղһ˲䣬ֿ׸ʹɫ
ЩȷղԼĻģôģ  ԱߵһķӦûУѲִʲôɣ  Ī̵Ƿḻȴ뵽ˡ
׸ղõľΪõֻ֮׽˿൱Ĳ˼ѣ  ִ磬ваĪ̿Ҫȥӡ֤һ£ֱץ׵֡
İһỊ̄ʾĪ̷ģȻô˵Լأ
ֵ֣Һ鼪ˣǼ֤һ漣鼪Цŵ
׺ԥһƿȻһι˹˵ĺȥˣ  ƿ¶ǣһԵĺ鼪ҲЩɵˣ  ǰһﾹȻվߣȻǮһҲ̫ܺ˰ɣ  ҡҡ׹ӣ鼪ţָţۺȾƣֻ㣡
˰ɣ
׹ЦŤı֮ǰӵˡ
ʶһѣǿܺأָ磬ۺȾҼڶˣ
ǿִ̼˵
˵ʲôֻŵڶЦذɣҺȾƻû¹˭һƿ
׿ǿ֣һ˿Ц⣬һﻹΪԼܺȾƣ
ãָˬ죡
ǿΪԼõʲôһ㣬Ҫ֪ǵƿ˰




313ºβ¶
 


׾Ǹƹһ㣬һȥƿ  ƿ׾ưһһڲ˻ûгԵ£ֱӸƿ
鼪ǿʱǲòһľˣ  ȻǵĿĲۺȾǼ͵һ
Ǯأ
׿ź鼪˿ıѾЩ΢΢ı仯  ǮأءǿһεóʮֽʵѾǳԤ㷶Χˡ
ָ磬Ǵʮ˵־͵˰﷼жðСˡ
Ľʰӵĺޣ
ԼΪʲôܺȾأҪԼȾƵĻʮǾ
ôأ
Ī̿ףҲǵǵ˵Կڲˣȵˮôôأ۲˰
ӲǽԼɫɶǮ͸ιһҪײҪ
ǣָ磬Ϣһ£ҳȥ绰鼪ЦŵȻǿʹһɫ˾ͳˡ
⣡  鼪һ̾˵СӴðİҿûи
ǰһͰ̵ˣǺ۹ⰡСѾƿȥˣܺ໹һƿ϶ˣûѾͨһƬˣ
ǿֺٺһЦʮΣ  ʱôĻôû
ҿûôй֣Ҹ㣬һء鼪ǿֳ
磿ǰɣôأǿҲһ
﷼Ҳʵͦˮġиͬ鼪ٺһЦ
иͬǿֿź鼪һ˵磬Ī̿ǺƯİѲˣҪĻҡ
ԲģӵŮҲҴ⣿鼪ֱ˦ȥ˼
ҡˣˣ硭ǿָϽǸȻ磬ô찡
ô죿ȰСӸŪ˵ϲǻҩľһ㣬ֱӰŪβˣ
鼪ٺһЦѾǼˣ  ǿֿź鼪һЦ﷼ҲǲҪȻ﷼
飬ҵķ䷴Ѿˣʱ﷼ҲûȰûǵ˵
鼪ٺһЦ﷼ʲôϵ  ҵʱֻҪıƸ㶨ˣҲ©Ϣġ
ĿỊ̄Ѿںˣ  ڣ  ѾǽһУû뵽龹Ȼһķݡ
һϲűԼɹû뵽쾹Ȼֳˡ
ǲ֪ʹǰǰ  һص൱ĺãϾһҪˡ
﷼ûзֵǣѾǰԼֻƵֻѾǷһȽεĵطˡ
ǿֿ˵ƿƣھһЩɫķĩȻݸ׹һֵָ磬ƿƣҪǺȵȥʮ򣡣
ãǼʶţˣʮҳ鼪ǿֿ˿ǿһεOKƣ
׻˾ƣ֮˾ֱſϣ  ٣Сӻ͡ǿִ˿ڿ﷼ʱ˱鶼һˡ
﷼ڨЦһҡܺȵ𣿡
԰ǿֱӵݹһƣŵһЩɫĩҲǷ棬ЦŵһҸ򣡣
򣿣﷼׼ȾƣʱһԵĺ鼪ˣһҪˣղˣע㣡
ϧ˰ǿֺٺһЦ﷼һȥ¥Ϻúˬһˬ
㡭ǿʲô˼﷼һϽסԼؿڵ
һԵĪҲɫһå
ĪС㣬㲻õġҶģ¥ϵķѾˣһ
鼪Ҳ֪ʲôҩһ̿׻ȥ֮Ҳ޷סԼĵˡ
ʵ滹ڱƲþˣԵ
ĻҲõȵһ֮Żġ
鼪ǿ֣ǷǼƵ꣡﷼˿˸ž֮ɫ
ĪԴǵ˵﷼û뵽㾹Ȼ˽ѣҪҽܸǡ
鼪ЦһӼȨǮʲôΪ㻹ң
ǣȰǻǹԹԵĻʱǳĺġ﷼㸸ĸıҲġ
ǿֿʼ﷼Ī̹Ի
Բ̣ԲĲ֪ˣҪ֪ĻҾԲܡ
﷼ԼҲǺֲ֣øղҪһֱףͼˣ




314еĺ鼪
 

ùʴƵ꣡
Ī̴ʱֵĽţ鼪ȻôԴǵĸǿ˵ʲôԼѾЩ̲סĳĪ̵ķ˹ȥ
ٺ٣ĪС㣬ҪȻ֧ô
鼪ھڿ˼ҪȳŮˣҪ֪Ī̵ļȥ⻬ˮۣž̲סҪҧһڵĸо
ǿֹѾԼҪӣȴԼӣ
Ī̿ź鼪һ󷸶ģź鼪ʲôҪҿɾͺˣ
ˣƵֵܿģɤӺˣҲ˻ģ
鼪һЦԼ֮ǰҪ׼ζ˵Ļô׳أ  Ī̵ƬǿģͿһ͸оԼԵߵˡ
ļƷŮĻҲֵôĴۡ
ú٣ʲôŮûأ  鼪ħצ׼Ī˹ȥɵ־ҪĪ̵һ˲䣬һѾԴ  Сġ
ǿԭǱԼź鼪ߣҪȿȲܲ  ɵһ̧ͷȴԭԼԵףȻһεվɫĿ¡
о𾪵ǣһﾹȻһ鶼ûеվǱߡ
ƿư  ƿưûɺҩƿԴݻ̫̫ľиˣ  ˾Ȼû£⵽ô£
ǿϸ룬˿һο鼪ʱ򣬺ѾǱӸƷڵء
ǶͷһĻۣѪֱ  ѪѪ
鼪΢΢һҪĸоʺɫѪҺоԼҪˣ
ͷĺ鼪þȫ̧ͷס
г˾֮ɫ鼪Ǳˣ
㡭㾹Ȼ
鼪˵Щսսסĳź˹ȥ
׿ź鼪΢΢һЦûܹԸȻǵļƵóǰɣ
Сǲǣ֪֪ʲôˣǿҲŵˡ
һ̫ˣ
鼪ǿһҲǸٰʽ۴ܵĻѰһ΢׳ʵһ˾͹ˡ
ҲΪʲôղź鼪ߵʱΪصķ׼ԭ
ʲôˣࣿЦһ
˵꣬ǿֵķͱ߶ȥֱԱߵһӳǿֵͷ˹ȥ
ॣ  ҵײǿֵԴ֮ϣ˸оǰһڣȥˣ  鼪ŵˣʱ׷żˡ
鼪ΡΡóֻ׼Ұ֣Ƿ˰֪Ӧ˭
̣˵ӦôأЦʵ
ôֱӽˣĪ̳
ǡ﷼ЩǵĿĪ̵ְǸƽͷϰôܸٵĶأ
ֲǰ£ʲôĪҲ˵
ЦŵУǽԵ㣬ôžôŰɣ
﷼ȻҪֹʱĪѾ绰˳ȥ
طǷ˿ڶ࣡
ˣߵ䱸ľҲ൱ĳ㣬˾ù߳ˣٶ൱Ŀ찡
Ϊ׵ľһȥʮˣϽɳ
ùһȽصעĶ֮һΪϼŵĲҵ
Ȼ˵ϼЩ±Щ˼ѾǷɻڴˡ
ϼŸ죬һ߳ˣϽɳҲǲҵ
һֱӴ񾯾ֱùʶΪľǿٵİ
ܿ켸񾯾ͳ˳İ棡
һŵĺ鼪ǿ֣ҲһǺ鼪Ķͷôһӣ˿ҲǴĿġ
ô£˭İһ֮Ҳǳʵ
ϾϵƷǷǳĻ˵ģĪ̵˿֮һ
ͬ־ұİ
Ī̿񾯵ʱĵҲǴ
ֿһỊ̬̄Ҳǻ֮˽֮
ɫĶĪ̵λС㣬ʲô𣿡
⼸ɥĲ񣬾ȻҪǡǡĪɫͨһӲ֪Ӧô˵ˡ
һԵ׵⼸˼ǸʵжҿҷӦʱҪȻѿɾͱ⼸
컯֮£ҵϽ澹Ȼ飿üͷһ
ұǸˣǻңǺĶӰ
鼪һˣûЦˣֻĶͷǻġ
йһ֮Եģ




315º
 

ϽɳԭҪѸٵĽ⡣
Ҫ֪ˣ˵ʱҲЩһ
˴СͲѧã˻ܵ
׼ͦҵļһȥʵʱȴû뵽鷢˷츲صı仯
Ǻ鸱Ĺӣ
Ȼ֪˭ˣҪ֪鸱ֹǹ취ϵͳֹ쵼֪ܲ  鸱ǿᶼ֪˼ˣԵ˵Ǻ鸱Ķӵʱ򣬳ڵ  Ǻ鼪Ǻ鼪塭
鼪ʱ쵹൱Ĺ ֱӰѳĳ˳ˡ
׽ֶΣӦҲƽʱĶĿȾ
ֳ鹫ӣ⡭⵽ô£
ҸͬѧգҡǾǺ˵ƣȻ󿪿Цû뵽һﾹȻִǣ
鼪ͣȥǳʹӣʵҲЩš
һҪԼϵ֪ĻҲǳԲ˶ߵġ
ֿ˿׵˭˵ģ
׿ųֵǲΪ˵ݡ
˻ҳֻʵӷҲͬִȻ˵
ЦһȻǵ죬ͺðˣ
˵꣬ѾóԼֻԭƵˣ  ԭԭչ˵ĸǰ˵ƵĻ鼪һֻͿҲ˵ˡ
⡭
ʵԭ˽׵뷨˼Ұ֤ݶóˣԼô죿
壬ҡҪ绰Ұ֡
鼪Ҳǿһ£û뵽һﾹȻôգȻƵˡ
ԭΪ޷ļƻڿȻ©ٳ  ֳУǺ鹫Ӿʹ绰鸱ɡ
Ѿɷûʸ绰ɣЦһ
ְקһߵ˵λȻҲ֪˺鹫ӵݣҿǲǡ
ôˣѲɳղŴȻװģЩ˵
㡭
Ҳһƣһôβأ˺鸱Ժӻô
˲Ϊ𣡣  ȻйְҲں鸱쵼֮£  һôţİѺ鼪ͽȥˣʱ鸱ҪףԼԺ¾͵ùˣ
ǳֲѺ鼪һͽȥղſƵ֮ҲǺ
Ͼ滹˵ģԼִԺԼǰ;Ҳ군ˣ
Цһô˼Ȼ飬ôͱҽȥҲһ

ֿ̬ȼʵҲܹ⣬˭˲أ  ź鼪һǱߴŵ绰ҲǳĬˣ
鼪ܿĹ˵绰˿ѾǾ
ղԼĸ˵Լ˸֮Ѿ߸Ϲˡ
  ùʴƵʵϽӵĳ̡
λλãùʴƵʵ͸ֶѡ
ΪһĳǷǳæµġ
Ǹղڸ漸ֳű³Ǹļƻʱû뵽ԼĶӴ˵绰
˵ԼĶھùʴƵ걻֮ŭѣ  ŭֱӳ˾ùʴƵ꣡  ʱÿֵȼߡ
ˡ
ֿźĵҲƵĺܣҪǺˣǾ͸ˡ
־ͷ˵ְ֣ҶӾ͹μӹͬѧգȻӣɳܸܲˣܸɳҹ
ҡ
ԼɶҲûиɰ˵ӱҲǻá
ûѾˣ㻹йеĸɶ  ҪǿǸķϣͰӸץˣ  ʵгֻĲҵЩսս˵顭Щӡ
ӣҶӱˣôˣң
ЦһԼӶͷĿӣ˶оԼ˻һ£
׿źЦһǺ鸱
˭˾ȻôԼҲǳ
˭ûйϵһĶӽȥĻҵҪĸôڣ
׿źЦһԵĪ̺﷼Щ¡
﷼ʱЩоǰһڡ
ĪȻҲ⵱ٵģϾڹٳûʲô




316´磬͵Ǹƨ
 

˼㣡  ҪųֵôԼͣԼĶӱӣ˴Σ
Ѳɷ˴ܹ  ɳֻûнͣû뵽ԱֱQһˣ  бۿղ˵ʲô˵һ飡
˵һôˣӲǸֱ磡Цһ
ã֣Ұץ
ЦһҲܻˡ
ң׳ҵҪΣΣ
ǣӲмĿЦҵҪôҶΡ
׳ֱӴԼֻƵȻ  ƵУǺ鼪һչ˺ĸǰҲڵ
ôҲû뵽ԼĶӾȻ˵ĵ죬˶ˣ
һֱԼĶӶԼڱ˸ǰҫĶƴѧѧ˧
ôҲû뵽ԼĶӾȻ顣

侲
ֿź̵⡭鹫ӡ
ȥ˵ֻȸûˡ
ǺǣҪ֤ݰ
ײмĿźСӻǲҪȻô˵Ҫ֤ݡ
Ҫ׵ĸǰ֤ݣǲܵ飡
ҲסˣĲǽԼȻķ
Щ֧֧˵鸱⡭
ʲôҵĻҲˣ֪ⶫԲܹ˵С
ɲΪԼĶӣǸΪԼǰ;룡  ҪⶫȥĻʱԼᱻ˸ˮ
ζԭ쳣ĲпᣬԼҪĹؼʱ̡
ĻʱܾͲԼˣпԼסˣ  鸱⡭Υİǹ˵˳
˵ʵɲԸɣ
һЩΥԼģİ˺鸱洦
һ·أ  һصˣȻµץ鼪
ҪΥĻźˡ
һǣ  ЦһҪǲҵŲҾȥɨ֣
žžž
׹ƣһЦʣǾʣһΪԼĶӾȻգ˸ж
֣ڸһλᣬ
ȻԶ֣֮ѾǳԼеϣܹ֤ˣ
飬ʱԼӦǿԸ㶨ģ
֨
һεıƿˣײÿ֪˭ˣ  һ壬ϲűԼ§һٵļһ컹°  ϵ˻ûкȻˣ  ׸תһֱôź
һţһ˿ϲɫ
һֶôˣһЦŵ
壬ʲô˼Ҹ˰ϡͰһЦŵ鼪أ
鼪˸ˣ
ڿ԰ìתˣһ屾һ¶֮ˡ
Ȼһһߵʱ˶ëˣ
˭ĸҴҺ鼪ֵܰ壬齻ңҵҪ˭ҵĵ϶֣
һһλָԼŰӡ
﷼һǰľ˶ɪɪóǰ˷ǳͷ
ҪȻҲܶôĿ  ֻǺһˣ﷼ѾоҪһȥţˣǻϣ  Ҵģôˣ
תЦſһ塣
һ׼ˣɵ׵Ӱʱ˶ЩŵԼ۾
㡭㡭
һ˰쾹Ȼû˵Ȼһʵֲ̫ˣ
һĻĻһ廹һľδû뵽ɷǽˡ
ô붯ִҲɣײмЦЦ
硭ִ磬ҡҴ˻ûɶҲûп
һ˵ž׼ˣʵܲˣ׵һоԼܹˣ
ЦһȻ˻ߣ
磬ҡֻߴˣ͵Ǹƨһ
ɵˣ  ɵˣ
Ѳɲ֪жʵ
ڿһ徹Ȼǰһ㣬ǵڵһ˲õԤУ  ۸ҵŮˣ˵ô죿׿˿һ
һԴǵ˵ĸûƨ۵ļһﾹȻִ磬ҡ̴




317Ī̵
 

״Ī뿪˾ùʴƵ꣡
뿪֮ǰһѾǴŰƱú鼪ˣǸʲô鸱ҲѾҪλˡ
ԭŰٳ߸ͷһѾǲ̫ˡ
ȥ֮﷼ɫ쳣ΣĪҲͷҲصĸ뿪ˡ
﷼Ī̸ʲôޣϾ֮ܺһ
ȴԼں﷼һˣΪĪ̵ķʶӵһ㡣
׺Ī뿪֮ҲǴҸط졣
ոշЩĪ˵Ҫúõ
Īɻ׵ЩǸղ˶֪£Ȼ  Ī̸о൱һˡ
ᣬֵߡҽߡߡ
Щһ˵ϱǲ̫ƫƫԼôһˡ
ڻĪ̻ɻԴԣԼʱҽѧ缸ˡ
ִľȻͰԼκˣֻ˵ˣ
Ƥ
׺Ī̹ʱƤ۵Ļ
ҪȻǽȥȱ裿˳һԷΣЦʵ

ƤǴΧȥоǳϵΡ
ĪȻ֮ǰ׬˵Ǯ֪ˮƽǷǳߵġ
֮ǰھùʴƵ꣬һٵôǧǮ
ƤеģǼ۸൱İġ
ô㲻˵ҪҳԷǺǡ
ʵôĪأҪҸĵط˵˵ѡ
ðɣʱҪǮĻĪЩƿףԼҲоЩˡ
ԼҪ˳ԷȻпܸ˽Ǯ˵ȥˣ
Ů֮һʵӵҪ
ЦĪ̵û⣡
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Ī̿ǰŶӵˣҲ൱ƣû뵽Ѿ˶ӡ
Ƥ۸Ȼ󣬿ȴ쳣ĺ  ˵İתø׵ʱ˽Ǳġ
ȻسɸոٵǮأ
żһֻļȫһ
ڼǺҲûκεˣ֮һж˼ҵˡ
׿ǰʮˣЦŵ淴ֵӣν˰ŶҲǿԵġھкܳʱ䰡
һûгԹء
ĪЩ˼Ŀף¹ûгԹ߼Ķ
Ƥߵĵطû  ׹һֵʵҲͳԹһأЩͣҵǸԸ׻ƵĶ
ûгԹûзȨʳĻȷ׻ƵĲ˺ó԰ɡϾǴôĻҲġ
Ī̵൱ͬ椹滹һּҹ黳
̣ϼģ
ʵ֮ǰĪ̲Ϥ˵ǹϵȫΪװĪ̳ͷġ
ĪʼǱߵģǶ˵Ƕ䣬ҵǸоء
΢΢һЦĵⴿȻǲ䰡
Ī̻ЦŵǸĵطҲڶ
ʵڵİҵĸҴСûļҰ裡Ī̵¶һ˿˸С
ǴſֵĻȫĳı鵽ʲôġ
㸸ĸأ׵¶һ˿ۡ
ŮԼ֮ǰ϶Ǿ̫̫ı
Ī̵ۿҲ֪ΪʲôʵڵİĺܺãⶼҪףҪǣΪҵĲҵ
ӦõģЦŵ
ܹӵĻǿ϶ǳĸ˵ġһֱϣҵܹκá
Ī˵˵ţѾЩ̲סǸԵˣŸԵһ棡  Ī̵ļİɣһжģʲôʱпҵȥ棡
İĪ̿һ˵ʱԵصĶˣ
ЦЦҪ˵ǵǰѾм˿ʼţˣ  ׵ǰѾ
һſȥ棬·ȴЩϾɵӴһŮڸһʮʲô
ǶŶ˰СʱˣôܽͲءǸЩߵĿ˵
ӸиëϵôˣƤĸ߼Ա
ͷǸˣȥӦڶʮ£һ·ĿžͺʱС




318ûʵĸ
 

Ƥ
Ǹͷ֮˶ŭȵ϶ڰŪŲ
㡭ң
ƺЩɵô˵
Ī̿ǰľҲĹĵ˵ʲô˶У
٣ôˣ
˿̣Ƥһˣ׶һ˸ʶ
֮ǰַԼ˵Ƹһ˵
һֱûпչԼ˵Ӧþǲˡ
ʵƤҲûʲôͷֻҪܹάתϾսˡ
ָʲôģǸΪ
ΪܶڶՆͼҪܹƤһѣ˳װһװĻȻٺòˡ
˵ߵ˶ذĻŶӣ
ٵ˿ȥţƣܶȻһָָ㣬ҳͷ˲ࡣ
һǡɲӲ嵽ǸӵĸǰĻǸҲ˵ʲô
˳Σʮ ֮ǰƤƸ곤ʱҲǱԿ̬ȡ
Ϊǰһ곤ֻǸʱĸ˶ѡ
˳αȽϵ˵ַҲûмʲô̫棬һƸͶˡ
˳ַһԵˣռ˾Եƣ  ˼곤˵ַȻúܲ
֮ǰַǱߵʱ˳λǱȽϵĵ͵ϾҲ֪˭ϰ壡
ɵȵַԬСݶڵʱƾͲһˣ
Ƥһϵǵύѡ
Ŀǰݺƽ̨ȻܹύһЩǮƵˡ
򰲵ļһȻҲύĶ֮һڿپȻԱ֮˾Ͳһˣ  ˳οŻ٣٣˵ﻰƤĴԶΪ
ƾʲô
һӣʵҲƵúܡ
ƣ˰ɣǾǹȱѣûбҪҪȽȥȽȥɣ
С١
ƿŶŮӣŮ٣˽ʮļա
ʵϣƺ˵鶼Ǻܺá
ƣҵϼٱľ棬ͷö
켴ԼŽգҲܹԼܵطȱ衣
Ϊطļ壬Ƕĵطߡ
ʶ࣡
ٿ˿٣ҲЦһ
˳ο̶Ц٣滹һŵİأصظġ
˵Сѡ
˵򰲴ԼĶͳʮŰԪ󳮣ݸǸ˳Ρ
˳һǮĵĲУ
Ʒ򸾿ǼˣȻòУһǸƸҪǰ˳ۡ
ҪŸĻڶܹˡ
š
򰲵Ѿһֻſ˲ʱ״Ӻ˳
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򰲻ͷһһŮסǵȥ·Ͳˬ
Ⱥ֮оȻ˸ҸԼǻ˰
˳һ׺Ī̳ʲô
Ŷŵĺúõģôͽȥˣ׿˳Цһ
˼Ҫǰ᣿ѵģ㶮𣿡˳Цһǰ˾ǲ㸻ԣѧѡ
Ȼ˵ǸȵĻǿ϶ǲеģ  ô֪ǾûǮ
ǣǮ˲𰡣ôأ
ǰû뵽ôߵĲȻɫ۾ˣ
ţѲһǮģ˾ҪǸЦ
ʧΪķԱʺܸء
һͷܶ˶ʼ۷׷⿴ֵıͲ´
һߴߴ˳γԤԼģ
ǣֻûӵˣΪ˭ţҲǸˡ
ղһﻹôˣھȻ˵ԤԼˣ  ԲۣûԤԼզˣͲզˣܰôΣ
ѵԼ£Ȼ¶һ˶ȥޱȡ
ԺҪܽһƤ㱾£Цһ
ǣɶ⣿û򰲿ЦһȻֿ˿˳εܲܽƤ
ܣȻܰ٣ǵĸ߼Ա˳ĵ˵
缸֪֪ʲôúӶ¡
ʹ˸ɫܿ켸˾Ŷ߹ˡ




319С
 

Ƥǰ  ܶǱָָ㣬Խ򰲵Խ˷ܡ
ϲ¸ߵ磬Ϊװ档
ôΧۣҪЩµ˶ˣ  Сӣʮ֮ʧǵǰҪȻ
򰲵ΧѾǰ׸Χˡ
׿˿ˣҲ΢΢ҡͷ˲ӾȻˣ
컯֮£ӵȴ֪ʲôܣ׼ˣ  Ӵ
Ǹ׻û˵ļһȴѾǰһ
һ״˿һֱֻ֣ӽ˸һץס
ϡ
û뵽СӾȻĶ֣ɾ⼸׼ֵʱֱӽǸ˸ǰˣ
飡
һֻǼ׼˾ѾǱҵ߻صſǱߡ
ԭһŵѾŵЩ˵ˡ
Ҫ˵ܵĻǸֽϻ
ԼߵȺ˵ĻҲôţһҪǱ˴˭˵ȥ  ղôNɪΪԼߴżֵܣ
㡭λǸ
׿˿ЦһָָһԵƷ򸾵
㡭֪˭ô
򰲸ղôİ裬ھȻ˸ŵǸⶪ˿ɶѼˣ  ΪӣҲݻڷİɣ
ǲ  򰲸ո׶ţһ䣬ͷԼѾһͷ
ţһɾ޴ʹϮȫ
˵Ķͷðһ亹쳣ʹ࣡  ֻһֵСѾǹˣ
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ⲻвãһв֮ԼҲǺˣ
һ죡
򰲵ҲǱŪ˹ֳֵۣЩ˷ǵûͬӵļһкһƬ
˵һΣǸһԵƵЩȥ⡭λСֵܣҿ˰ɣԵͷҲˣϾС
ɽ׸ıƣ֪֪ԺֻڸӵĹ֡׳
һԵ˽ǵͷ˵ȷ̫Ƿˣ  ʼҵǸͲˣ߰ɣ
׿򰲣˿̵һƬ֮ɫƺǳĺ¡
ȴҲһ˿֮ɫƺʲô
Ī̿˿׵ִ磬ǲҪƻǵĺˣǼŶӰɣ

׿򰲵ˣ˿̸ղűҵļѾǲҵģһҲ֨
ݽɫˣ  Ψһ뷨ҪɶģҲõʱ
һ򰲹ǸϽ򰲾뿪Ƥ  žžž  һҵƺΪӢһ
ŶˣҸ㣬Ƥ£㻹ǵӹģûʸƤ
˳ʱʱ˵ĳˣû뵽СӾȻٶҵˡ
QĻµȵһҪùˣ  ٿɲֹǮôļ򵥣˼ڵҲʶܶ˵ġ
ƾʲô˼ҽѵĵطֲʲô½
ҲǸš͵Ƣһ˳һεĳ֣Ҳŭɶ
ĻƤҲŪôɣ
ӴⲻŶذ˳οƣʵǲʶơ
ߣСˣ
ƿ˳εӣм˵
Ѿһ˲Ҳʸ˵
ղߵʱ˳һζ򰲵ƨ
ʶƷ򸾣ȴȻװʶк  һб˻֪ΪʲôƵзǳ
ԼʧƲ  ƷʵҲͦӡʲôȫиˡ
ȻûǷʲôծ񣬿ڹ˾ҲˣƵʲټһҲǲһǮ
⻹͵͵ģ
һ׵ˣ˵ʲôҲûˡ
ң뵱꣬ƺٴѧҵ֮Ҳǰҳƴƴһݲļҵ
֪вƣһϦ֮乫˾Ǯȫ˸ˣԼĺϻΪծˣ  ǾͲ˵ˣҪ֮ǰļҵӹʵĻڶ֮ˣ
ƲƲʲôϵƳ˳ΣһǸС˰
˳ЦһƤߵĵطΪܹ𣿡
Ҿǹȱ裬ҲУٵֵ
һԵٸϽƵϹǡǻ߰ɡ




320ϰ
 

˳бŭѣ
ʵ̫ˣٶҴ  ȻҲٸˣǰƵģ֮൱Ŀ
һƲ˵ϰ壬ҲƤţƣ  ϹĹˣ
ƿ˳γֻҪߣͲôŶôʱ䣬ƾʲôҽŲҴЭĵ绰Ͷǣ
Ӵǣ绰ͶǣҸ㣬Эĸ᳤ţأˣҵҪ绰ʲôá
˳θƣҪûƲ֮ǰҲӡ
һ﷿ӳӶиˣҪɽ𣿻ûܣ
ĪһԵۡ
Цŵ벻һ
Ȼ˰ߣҶطԷأĪ̵ͷǣֲܾģ
ȷĪ̿˼ҵĵطԼôܹأ  ЦŵҾ
ִ磬㡭㿪ʲôЦĪȻЩܵĸо˶ܵİɣ
ô˵ǲǺԼأĪ̵е뷨һӾͶ
˳ǰɣߵ˳εĸǰ
⵹ǰǰ˳θһΪһʵЩֲ
һԲϾͶ֣ʲô˰  ˭ϣԼúõı˸һأٶҴ򣬱أ϶Ҵ򣡣  ˳οɲΪԼٻҪʲôġ
㡭ʲôҸ㣬Ƥɲʲô˶ҵġ
˳Լûʲô£ȻƤˣ
һ˵Ƥ᱾ܵľܹôϰ϶Ƿǳʵ  ˭Ҳ֪ϰ˭˳˳ھʹ˳  ǣҾƤϰ壡
˵仰ֱúܶ˶ˣϰ廹ҪŶӣ  Сƭ˵ļҲ̫һɣ
ںܶ׻˵УϰŶǲܵģ  ԴһﱾܵĶΪԲġ
ִ磬㡭
ĪҲһŵĿףҲǱܵΪ׿϶Ǵţš
ôҲأ϶ǲܵ鰡
˳οһ㶣漴Ц˼һﻹܴţưҪƤģԱǼƵǲҲ˵ҵģͷţƶ˰˰
Ʒ򸾿ףʵҲ׵Ļ  ϰĻһŶ
ֻȻɣ˼ױϾǰǵˣʱǿȥ̨  Цһ˳ε̸ҹ
Сӣƭƭ˳εͷˣҸ㣬ΪܴҾ㣬Ƿᣡ˰
˳δɤߺһ£˲Ƥ
ֻЩ֮󿴵׵ʱǶڵ  ֮ǰ׺ǰϰ֮ĶԶģǻĿġ
ҲǸоܿģΪϰ֮󲻵ûдЩˣǵĹ˲١
ܶ˶ϰĺõģֻϰԴһ֮󣬾Ҳûط
һϰ壬˵ϰĸ磬Ϊ˰һƤġ
λϰ壬ǻĿģ
Ϊϰһ׳٣ǾǴӺü¥ȥȻɶҲûУ  Ƥѣ  Ǽҿţ⼸˾Բܹǽȥ֪ûУ˳γżŭһ
Ȩʮ㣡
˳Ҳ±׸ˣұ˹ţͲһﵨΪ̶ȣʲô˶Ҵ  곤һЩΡΡĿ˳Σгͬ飡  һǻ
ϰڸǰȻԼŲôϰȥⲻʲô  ֧֧ĸʲôҸ˵ٴΣҪ곤곤ģܲẰ𣿡
˳˼Ϊĺӣܾ곤곤ûʲôơ
ֻЩ˵ϰˣһʱѸĿڣ  ôļӰ
׿˳ΣҲ̾һԼ絽ҵʲô˰  ۣôܹƤأ
һԼܲõˣôȥˣҵҪľǷãƽ
곤λǵϰ塭һǹǰߵ׵ĸǰܣˣ
ܣ˳ε۾ɴϴףпһ£
Ǹλǵϰ壬곤
֡ܡ˳εڵһһֲõĸоˣͷһƬհף
㲻Ƥĵ곤ˣԹˣ
óһٿһۣһٶоԼ֡




321»ͷ˳
 

㡭ôϰ壬ϰ岻ַ֡𣿡
˳λһŵĿף˵ַ滹һϰ壡
׿˳ЦַҸ磬ҹġڸλ涨һ£ӴԺղǸĻģ׼̤Ƥһ
žžž  һΧΧ۵˶һĹƽкã
鷴תʵ̫ˣû뵽˼ϰ徹ȻԼһŶӡ
û˵
˳λͷ뿪ߣ˶ǻججĸо
ײŵƤĵ곤һ¶ûи꣬Ȼͱ˴ˡ
Ҫ֪ڣʲôͶҲûκεôġ
ˣǾˣ  ׳΢΢һЦλŶӵĹ˿ͣе롣
Ү
һ˷ܵĿף  Ͼߵ۵ˣӾʵ˵ҲЩġ
һǮΣ̰˱ÿһ㡣
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ܣһðᣬҪȻ
ǸǺܹɣҲһЦݵ˵
ЦŵȻŶӣǾҪѭأ
ܣϰ壬ŶӸʲôǴҶûȽȥɣ
֪˭˵ôһ䣬ܿ˿ʼӦˡ
ǰܣôϰ徹ȻһŶӣǶо˼ˡ
ǵأû뵽ܾȻôƽ׽ˣȸղǼһǿˡ
ܣȽȥɣߵû¡
ǰԺһ֧Ƥϰߵĸ
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׿Цŵллλˣλ磬ȱΣ
ң
ʵû뵽׾Ȼ˵ҪԼȲ裬⻹Щˡ
һԵٿڰֵܣȽȥɣҲŵأ
ЦŵҲΪ˸лһ¸ղŴɩ֣Ҫ˸ɩ˵ĻǵҲȲǰġ
Щ˼˵Ҳһʱ鼱̫ùЩ˵ѣܲҪ߶ȰǺǣ
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һ˵ģɣĪǼѡ
ʱǣǲ˵ִҲ뷨  ⣡  ⻹
ҽһ£ҽףƤϰ塣ЦЦȻָָһԵĪ̵Ị̄ѣ
ܡĪСǺãЦŵҽƣ١ǽʮļգƤҪһǵĶ֮ҹġ
ôǺǣҸоǸӵأ
Ī۵Ľ֮飬˼ʮķ޸飬û뵽ôĺá
ЩԳЦЦղܿҲˣΪһȻҲô˵ҵȷûǮƤѡ

ĪͷƺҲ˸ղ˳εĻڵǸоЩˡ
׿ʵǰģ
ţǰһҾƵ꣬⵹ҲǲֻϧҵǮһϻ˸ƭˣ̾һ
һԵٵΪӪǼҰѷӺͳӵѺˣȻеֽ϶óͶˣǼһˡɰǼӲˣ˵ǵ˵ȥأ
Ҳ̾һʵ˵һεƲҲ֮֡
˭뵽ԼǮ˸أ  Ƴ˵ʵˮů֪ЩҲǿ͸ʵˡԣСٲδҶȥҪȻĻ
Ƹ磬ǼȻܹͬȻҲܹԿ಻뵱ҲҲǻ쵽֮ǰĵزһ㡭
ٵгŮ˶˵ĳݺͿ϶˵ʵȱĿ¾Щˡ
׺Ī̿˶ķҲһᡣ




322¼Ʒ
 

Ƥĺ֮У  ƺƺҲǴ˻ϻӣЩҲǷǳơ
Ҫ׵ĻҲǱǸʲô۸ˡ
֮ǰ˳εô˵²̨һ޵ݵĸоɹıܴ
׳ˣҺݺݶ˳εĻ챻˸ˡ
磬±޳⸣֮أ΢΢һЦ
ǰû뵽ᾹȻҲܹôҲЦ
׿˿Ʒ򸾵磬һ֮룬֪ɷӦ
ܣ˵ﻰȻûʲôֻҪܹ쵽飬ҲǾԲƴǵġ
ظֻ֤ôϰ壬ʲôҪԼæأ
Цŵղźһ̸ҶΪ˻ҲһЩ˽⡣ﶼܹҵһĹġ
˭ҪһƲϰһǻ˭ҲԸһֻʱ׼ɵ˰ɣ˵ˣҹҲͦҵˡ
Ҳ֪֮ģĿǰͣҪɵĹҲ̫ˡ
֮ǰҲȥӦƸң˼һ˵ľ֮󣬻϶
һȥԼҲЩĻ䣡  ֪ƤԸԸ׿Цʵ
Ƥ˼ǣ
ͷһѲԼײˣ  Щ̫ܣΪԼղѾԼ뷨˵ˡ
ϣңڴһԼ漣
˼ԼɵĻǲδľ
鼴ԼҲģ  ղǸ˳βȱһµˡЦŵ
Ҽǵøղ˵Ѿ𣿡
Щ̫⣬ĽԼĻ˲Լ
ݸһЦ͸ҴҲνóӪϣһоֱҷꡣ
ܣҸղѾ˵ˣҪһδҵѲͲҶĿͻԴ𣿡
ܶ˷˵ں㹤ʣʵʸ˭ǿأ  ΪľǿͻԴ  㵽ʱˣ˺ܶĿͻԴǵʱԼҵķʲôҪҪˣ  ʱֻǶ׸𣡣
ϰ岻ܹεĻôҲҲһԼеɻ
һڿȻͻԴǺǣҪܶԼı£ѲҲ㣬ûİ취𣿡
ܣû뵽ᾹȻ˵ҲĿ׵
һԵмѣʵҲͦģɿԼϹѹôҲ˵ʲô
Ȼǽգȴ˳ȥѡ
ȻΪ˻һϹƵ飬ҧҧҪӦ
ֻǺ飬ʵû뵽
װڰֵαĻҾͲ˵ˣ磬ҿصƷԺҪԼɻʲôģҲ֧㡣֮ǰǸ˳ʹˣнʮ򡣡
ʮ򣿣˲ˡ
ڱ˵ʮһĹʮǮһĹҲҵ
ʮ򣬼ڽҲеȳϵˮ׼ˡ
Ǻǣ˲˲ãʮһ꣡¶һ˿Цݵ
ʲôʮһꣿ
ƺûаһڸպȥĿȸȥһԵٸŵò֨ˡ
ʮ򰡣  ԼϹҪнʮĻ¾ͿԶɽˡ
ΪҪǣԼΪʧʱȻһˣ˾ף
ܣ⡭ȻûǮģɰʮҲ̫˰ɣҲǸʵˡ
׹һֵͳ仰ҿֵʮ򣡣һҪ󡭡
Ҫ󣿣
Ҳ֪ǮԲôõģһʵ
ЦŵҵҪܼ򵥣ӪòƽҪκε⻯㴦˵ģ绰Ҿˣ
Щ
סˣΪ׻ʲôɵָ꣬û뵽ûС
ЩܹѾܺˣ׵Ҳ׷طٵЧ档
ܹЧȻǸˣڵƤӪʵûжѹ
ƺٷ򸾶ϵļ֮ԱҲ֪Լᡣ
鶨֮״ƺ˳ȥƳΪƤһεĵ곤ȫˣ  ˳οôҲû뵽̶̵ʱ֮ڣͱղԼǸƸȡˡ
Ҫ֪Ļ¶Ѫˣ




323۵Ĵ죿
 

׺ĪһεĻص˰֮У  ԭ׼Ī͸飬ɺ룬ǵȵĪʶ֮˵
ǵĲ˻֮ĪȻлɻ󣬿ɿײԸ˵飬Ҳûдɰʵ׵ּơ
˻صѧУʱѾҹ
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һףǿȼյİ֮Ѿǳ׵ıˡ
һԵַ־˳ҲЦеĿףó˿̵־˳鲢رĺá
Ȼ֮ǰݺݵĲһԼŮ磬ɱϾʧ  ̸ĸȻеģһҪʧӰ߳ȻҪʱ䣡  ׿۵ӣҲЦŵһﻹĺܣ˼Ϊ˸лҳԶٷУ
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˵飬ָ磬Ҫлл㰡Ҳͷ֮ǰ黹øлס
ҪȻĻǿܰԼ׳죡
һƢˣʱƢһһڻء
ЦŵлʲôֵǣҪôˣ
ַ۵۸磬мҡҡ
˵ַߴߴĸʲô¿˵۹һֵ
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ԲַۣСӲصôҪ鱨ôûи˵
һ߸ߣû뵽ַСӾȻԼ顣
֮ǰʱȻ˵˲ٹ飬龹Ȼֻδᡣ
׿ַַô
ǾϵϵˣڡɼֺáҾʵ˵Ӧ׷Ķǣ
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żæŵ˵ⲻǲŸոտʼѧҲûм죬˼ҲҶǺ飿
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ַε˵ָ磬ڲ˵Ƣһֱû˵ҪָˣҲŲ˵ء
׿ַ˼ҼȻŮˣǻ˰ɣۣСӿɱȱ°
־˳ҲǶݺݵ˵˼ŮѵĶú
ꡭ
һĴض㣬Ҳܹ־˳ڵĸܣΪ־˳˵ˡ




324¿춨׵Ů
 

606ᣡ
յڣȻۿȥЩӣ˵ҲǷŵÿˡ
˼ŮѵĻҲô˰ȥǽŵġ
ټ֮ǰ־˳֮Ӳôˡ
ַ־˳ӣҲʼʵҲǴӣ˵ԼŰ죡
ʲôŰ첻ŰģҪ۸ȥǽŵĻԺҸ϶ˣ
־˳һص̬쳣ļ͸ǽŵ顣
̵˵־˳ͰۿˣҲ̫Ʋ˰ɣ
۸磬֪㲻ˣǡ
־˳еһǻŭԷйѡ˵˵ʽ
׿˿־˳˵ַܲѻ˵ˣ˵˰ҲûаѸ¸˵
ۺͬĵͷǰַһʲôֱ˵ˣµĸʲô
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ϾǿһۣԼϲ͡
̸ʲô鲻ģʲô飬Ҳܹ̩Ȼ֮ġ
ַż۵۸磬ֻ˵һ㣬δ˵ʵԸġ
ԸģǿǿҿһʹĻһ㡣
ҲüԸģʲô˼㲻˵ŮļҾͦ˼ôô͸ԼŮأ
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ѿײףʲôѰۻǲĵʵ
ҸͬѧӣҲһĴŮҿǿԽܸ־˳ַһֵ
ģ
־˳ԭƵҲǱһɵľ⡣
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ֵܰлл磡Ҳôİ
һ־˳ô˵۹ЦӵЩǷ⣡  ׿۵Сӻ׼ȥײɣ
ף׵ôȥأַۿ˿ַȥˣ׶ûףһЩϸڣ
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ַЩ̫ȷĿۣԭΪ۾ͻˣû뵽СӾȻˡ
ʲô˼ҾͲˣһˣҾͿˡҪͱమҲõŲµˣɸղôһ˵Ǽֱǵȥȵʹ
С˵һģ˶Щ
΢΢һЦⰮΰİ
ָ磬⽭Ǳʶ˶ˣһҪиʲô飬ϳ
һεĻһĵЦݵ
ûⰡǶֵһĻʳҪȫ˵ĻǾ͸ˣ
Щ뿪Ц˵
ظָ֤磬ҪһǲӦģΪҾˣ⼸ĻʳҶˣ
۸䣡
۸
ַ־˳һ˳һƨȥ˿ȥҲǸ˵ĲС
ɣԼһԶٷȻ˳ԼôҼһΣ
ַһôߣȻҲһѻ
Ҳ֪һ˵ҪˣȻַô˵̵ֵַܹ˼ôˡҰ
Ϊε˵˵ǵѧģֵİ
У
˼ͬʱ˱ӵָȻûʸ˵Ŀ¾ˡ
˵ӣҲһĿЦԼĲ˵ھȥһÿξˡ




325°Ů
 

ѧУڶг
ѧУʱ䲢࣬켸һߡ
õĴ֮ԼҪǰĶĶࡣ
ʵҲֲףԽǿҪĶԽ࣬ȻìҲԽࡣ
֮ǰܶ飬ԼﲻĻûЩˡ
ͬ۴ѧУ԰  ľͶһᣬѧУʳõİһ㶼ǶӪҵġ
ҪӦվۻᡢͬѧۻһЩС͵ľۻᡣ
ǿԸģԿɴСҲͦݵġ
ټϺܶѧûʱȥ˵ѧУƵıȽϵϸѧУʳõİ䵹Ҳĺܡ
ȻˣЩĲƷԻǱȽϵľҾʵݵġ
ѧĹޣһٷһǧ˭Ըأ
Ȼ˵ǮҲ٣ɱϾûǮ˸࣬ܶͥΪ˺ѧծҲ
˵ַͬѧզûе
Щ͵ĿһȻַżĺܡ
ַ۵˵۸磬żɶ˵ˣ鲻˳㣬ҪĲǸ־˳
͸ɶƵ˵
㲻Ҳ԰ʱ˼Ұæװ뿪Ц˵
һҾָ֪ô˵׼ǲǣ
һϴӴű߼𣿡û˵
־˳ʱȥЩţ֮ǰоһûԭţ
ˣ
һַٺһЦˣȥţ
˵꣬ͳſ˹ȥſˣ
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ȥǷǳĸɾ˿Ÿо׽
Һá
Ů߽֮󣬵ҲԵ󷽣˴˸к
ַһЦŵӣ诡诣⼸λɶҵĺֵܣָ硢ַ־˳
㡭á
־˳ЩץĿŻ诣һҲ֪˵ʲôã˰űôһ䡣
֮ǰǻ诣λðЦŵ
΢΢һЦ˵ɣǸ֣ҿǱ߳ԱΣ
ͬ⣬ɰҶˣ诵Ǻ˵
֣֡
ַһָֻԼŮӵıɫĿһ
ͷϰϰˣ˳Իһöλ˧絣
ԻãԻá
־˳ɵɵֵĿŻ诵⵹ǰһԵĻ诸ŪЩ˼ˡ
־˳ҲЩֵֹʵַҪҽܵ־˳𣿡
©  û뵽־˳ڵǸίСŮӣ诿ȥһ㡣
ĴָŮ۰Ҿͷ㰡
һԵҲǹһֵû뵽Ůôֱӣ˴۽簡־˳ֻô˵Ҫֵˣ
һЦŮ̸ǿͶ˵ʲôҾԸҲҴš
־˳˼ŮôˣҲЦЦܸʶ㣬Ҿַе־˳
зҸˣ说ֵ˵Ҳ˵ִ͸Ҫ˵ˣĴ¼ѾŮˣ
ҵĴ¼ĿŻȻʵʲô¼
װװȻӢ۾˰˼ĪŮСѼˣеͬǶء
Цŵ˵ҲĬȤĺܡ
׿Ż诵⻰ô˵
ȻǺ޵ʱӢ۾ĲˣڿִҪ˹飬ܲѪ𣿲ҵΪȥˣںиʲôã
ƺЩν뷨˵˺ǲмһˡ
ۿŻ诵˵ƴŮʱ˵ʱҲһ
ַ˾ǰɣҪ׷Ǽţ
˵ţ氡ôƤ˾ȻҲ˵Щɫһ죡
Ҿǡ
û־˳ôҲɫһȻͻָ˳̬
ðɣûϷˣҸַѾ˵ˣ충ˣ˵ʱƺҲǵ
֪ˣ˵ƴŮҪȻ㿴ǲܸҽ飿һεĿŻ诡
ַû㽲ʵʱҾһ˵ԼҳԷԷҲ֪ɶ顭
ҲЦŵȻ̸Ϊ֣ԼӵܰͰ¡
οҲԼĺѲǣ




326ϱԼ
 

ϣ诳׵ĳΪ˵Ŀ꣡  ˵ʵڻ־˳ͻ˷Ѿʶˣʱ³ɲɾͿԼˡ
ǱǾԼŬУڴ֪Ҳ̫ȻҪ֪ˡ
Ҵ𣿣诿ʵ
۵ͷУˣﶩ鵽զ£
һЦ㻹صʰȻô֪Ļҿɾ˰

˻Ϊ׼˵û뵽λŮȻؼʱ̸һˣ  ƵĿŻ诵һķ˰ɣŮ
˵۸磬Ǹ˼־˳ⰡҪҲ־˳ַ͡Ǹýһ˵
ַ˵ʲôذɫһ죬ȻȥЩŮӣɱϾǸŮ
ЦˣȻҲЩԲģ
̬ȻԣǸĵˣܺãЦŵͳ̬ȣҾ͸ɣ
лŮлŮһô˵ҲЦ
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鲻˵ҲܹĳŶȻףȴʵķ˵ĸǰ
ߵ˵
Ǻţʲôڰǲٿ飡ûİһۡ
ǼǮ˵þܹóģ  οѹҲʶѲΪ˰һϲŮóڳ
˵ﲻţһԹҲȻġ
Ƕʲôʱ֪֪ۿŻ诳ʵ
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׿۵㿴ҸʲôҾϱˣϱҪԼȥģ
ҵθ찡˵ʲôֵַܲķҪȥֳɣҪĻɱҵģ
û뵽̬صһ޷ʰĵزҲһ
ַһֵ诣ͲҪˣǵʱһȥ־ˣİɣûµġ
ַʲôҲǳ׵ŭˡ
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˸ղ׵ĻϱԼģҲѪȡ
Ҫֵָ֧ĻϾͰ˾Ųʮˣ  Ż诺ٺһЦʱҪľǿ־ˣİɣﲻӦʵҲνҾԲῴ޸һԼϲˣ
̾һҪ֪һΪŬĻĻжޣЩѹ̫ˣ




327Ҹҵչչ
 

׵˳극Ѿһӡ
뿪֮ҲһߣȻʱȻߣȴҲǼ͡
ָ磬ҡӦô찡
ڵǸüͷĲӬһ㣬ڸоѾΪĹǡ
Цŵˮڣ¼ȻˣǾͰԼ·߾ˣҵĻĻΪʲôȡһأ
ַҲǵͷȻûҪ۸ıֵָ֧ĻҲ嶯һصġ
ã¸򰡡
˵ĹĶ֮£͸ɽĺúһ㡣
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ǮͲˣ֮ǰ1918ʱѾ˵ˣӮЩǮƽˡſ֮ǰһǼһҵǮŰɡ
ǮǲںֻҪԼֵãʱã  ȻˣҲǸ˾͸ģһԼ
ǮԭΪ۵˲Ūֵģ׸ں
ҪǵĻױƷĻʱǮͲǮˡ
Ȼڶںܶ˵֣׿ֻһֶѣ  ַһߣҡҡͷָ磬ֵ֪ǺãҲ̫ɶˣҿ϶ǲҪġ
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ֻ⻯ױƷˣӦ׵ĶĿǰѾץʱˡ
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Ƶ˵û¾Ͳܸ绰ˣ
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ðɣݣһȻи¡
Ҿ˵ָɶ°˼Цŵ
װѺϵ˵һ飬ȻģҪҸҵչչ
ܰչҵǳԷһģָҾͷ㣡˼һֵûʱȥϰҪӰأ
˵ص㣡û˵
˼ٺһЦѣһѣһ绰ָ磬ǹµٶҡ
µȻҲ˵֣˵µǼ˰ɣ  ʲô˸ʲôһ鰡һȻôţ档




328»
 

˼ǱǺæµʵϴӵ绰ͷͿó
͸ôһĹĲ
ҲƵĹ˵绰˹ˡ
ܿ죬һ绰Ѿ
ԭĳƵŷû뵽˼һ绰˦˹ˡ
ԭ׼ȳ극Ŵ绰ģһ˼˵õĴ磬ȻûѿŰʱҲЩˡ
Ļ˼ʲô̫ˣ
ôãʲôƢ֪ܲ
Ҫ˵ԼԸˣǾʮͷţҲẰʲôˡ
Ѽǵһ˼˵ҪˣǱţƣ  ֮Ǿû˼ĺ˭磡
û뵽һδ绰ʱȻһָ磬һָ磡  صԼҪָ磬Ѷûˣˣ⻪˼еָ絽ʲôͷ  ôˣȻ˼ˣòȥ
˭⻪˼ȦͷˣԼĺֵأ  ιָСƣѡ
̬ԱߵҲǾˣֻӲδϾڴ绰
Ǻãסû뵽绰ô졭׵˵
һ׵϶˾Ǵ󣬿Ҳᱻ˼ٵġ
о˵ǳᣬпܱȻ˼С˵Ǹʲôأ  һ֮Цŵָ磬ղ˼绰˵ң֪ʲôطΪЧ͵ģ
һ˼Ҫҿ⽭ûҪֻ߼յҩҽҩ˾š
ҲЦȻʶѵĻôֱ˵ĸ˵ˡ
ָ磬ҪȻǼ̸ɣ绰һ仰仰Ҳ˵ǣ
ѡ˼棬ΪоԼûм˵ţˡ
˼ıʵ̫˽ˣܹû˼ˣҪ˵Ǹʲôģ
ҲУǵ棿ʵ
ɣ֪һҲаģҪȻȥǱߣ΢΢һЦ
Ǻǣԣ
ҲЦƤǷǳĳҪȻôʲô˶Ըأ
Ƥ׵ʱѺһλѾˡ
ѣ
׿ſ˶ҾվͣλԶҲǰʵ
ˣ֮ǰһ˴ӳ⳵Ҳûע⡣
ɵ˲ϵĳ߽ʱƺһָо
ֻǰʵ̫ˣ˵Щˡ
ѲɻٶẰ˳֮Ϊ磿
Բܣ
˦˦ͷɵΪ϶ܵ飬ȴѾվĸǰ˵˻
ǻѣǡҲҵϾֻԼָһˡ
Цֵף
ָ磬㣿û뵽ָ羹Ȼôᰡ
ѱ΢ЦĵѾǵ𼶵ˡ
ָ磬Ͷ˴˶һ֮󣬴ӶԷжĪľ֮ɫ
£
ʵ̫ˣһˣȻû˼硣
Ҫ֪⻪˼Ϊʲô׵ĻҲЦˡ
ʼôˣʲô𣿡
ûûУҡֻû뵽ָȻôᣬǺǣ֪ĻΪǸѧء
ѹһֵȻΪڵײǸѧ
ŸоһĺߣС˵ô͸ʶԼһ  һЦҾѧ
ͣ  һӿЦˣΪһʱ뵽һǾһͱ׻Ļ˼ָĳ
Цʲô׿ŻҲЩɻ
ѹһֵָǲǱȻٶҪᰡ
Сꡭ׵ͷ
ôٶẰأڴĿʵ
Цŵ㵽ʱȥ㲻ҲҸ𣿡
ȥҲεţóܿĵӡ
ѣûаˡ
վڻԱߵһ꿴Żʼ
ҫ죬Ƥ֮ǰӦô绰ʣǼⳣ궼ôĻ𡭡
Ҳʵʵ˵˵
ҪȻǻһң
ǸҫҲǿŻѣ˿ȥϵӦĺܺõֵܡ
ʵڲУֻܹһˣָ㿴أ
Ҳֻܹѯѯ׵˼ʵҲν
Цŵһǿŵġ
Բܣ
ǸҫһŵĿףΪղѾȥʹˡ




329ָǿ
 

Ƥ  ϰѾüˣ⼸ķǳæµ
û뵽ԼȻܹĻᣬԼƤԼҪյĻΪԼƶء
Ϊ׵Ĵԭ뷨ͨͨɢȥ
ѾԴˣҪƤúõĸȥ
飬ʱѾˡ
룬ҲԼ˵ˣҪԼɵĻǰ˵飡  ʮ˷ǳĶ࣬ЩʱƶΪ
Ѳʱ̧ͷ濴˿û뵽׾Ȼ˴Ǳߡ
Ͻܵſ׼ȥӭܣʱúˡ
ܣˡ
ƿЦŵ׿ȥһ㡣
ţǸ仹ذɣЦʵ
Ǹ䳣ţҴˣƿʵ
ѿ˿ףһεˣû뵽ָӾȻôˡ
һԻѵǸЩ˵ĿƵҼǵǰϰ岻ɣأ
ģڵϰ岻ģ
ʵҲʶģ֮ǰϰ壬֪ĸʲôȥˡ
һ·ˣ㣬ղҸҪʱΪʲô˵ûˣ
˵ֽҫ죬ܹͻһֵܣȻҲʵǿ
ʵϣĸǽеĸгű  ҫڽνʵڼܶ˶Ƿǳĸӡ
Ҫ֪׻ΪһУмκһʡݶҪߡ
־һгļҲѾǸˣĺǷǳĸߵġ
רΪġƿҫЦŵ
˵ָ磬ӹİЦЦ
׹һֵҪ㵱ϰҲԵģ
ָ˼˵Ƥϰ壿˵
ҫƺʲôҼǵ֮ǰȦ˵سɸһ˭ʲôĶˣѲ˾ָ磿
ǺǣʼһЩѣܰԺλѹʱáԵķöҵͷϾˡ
û⣬û⣬ҵƬλ£ֱӴҵ绰žͺˣ
ǰģ˾Ϳϰ˵ȻҲˡ
Ѻҫ컥࿴һۣҲûƴǣϾⲢǮ飬ӵ⡣
˽ҪŶӣǲҪĻǾȨ
׻ƣϲĿ¾Ȩˣع̡عơ
ǸϱߵĶǶ֮͵Ķ
ڣʵڻѺҫ˵ԷҪģǳԵľӣ  ˽֮Թ񣡣  ׵̸飬ҲǺ˳ȥվſʱȴܵٻ
ڣ
ָ磬֮ǰ˵飬ʲôţЦʵ
չһҩ׿żɽ˵
չһҩֱָʰչҩٵʮҰ΢΢һЦ
û⡣ʼϣ̵ܹʱܹչɹʲôҩ
Ҷ죬ָ֪ΪʲôҪչҩأҪչƲġҫ쿴ʵ
һԽָܵ磬ҫ죬ǽеűг
á
ҲֺҫգȻ֪˵ݲ͡
ҫЦŵʶָҵҡ
ղŵҿԻش㣬̸ӵҩƷɹÿĹӦԴﵽϡ
ֻǼ򵥵˵һ£仰ھԼıԼ˼
ڶ
Ҳһڶ˭˶ǻ𾪵ġ
ǻѼҵĲҵ֪ӵĶôĺõġ
ǰڼĶһǿ׬ʮڳϵİ
Ҫһ㣬˵ָǿĸ߲˼˵ġ
ָ磬ţҫ˴Ĵָʵɾ֪ڼҩƷھпǳĶָʶӵĸ߲㣿
Ƽң׾ǵǰҲûбҪʲô
˵ˣҲǿŵģϵӻ˸ӵأ  ϣ
ѳ׵ľˣȻ֪ϵжôĴ
һ˼ͺϼҲҲΪʲô˼Ȧôţһԭ
ֻһˣ¼ǮЩȨƵҲѰһ̲ˡ




330չĿ
 

Ҳʶϣ
׵ЩĿŻѣ˼ʶǲҲʶ⵹Щˡ
Щ˼Ŀ׵ʶϣɻûļءû뵽˼ҾȻԳɽ
ĿǰӸĸǹĸһ顣ӵҩƷɹһǳĸӣԡ
ҲǼ˵İ˵һ飬һԵҫ쾪°Ͷˡ
һ֪Ϊʲô˼ڴҲ쳣ˡ
˼ʵɰ  ϾȻ˵һˣǿ̫ܵ飡
ָ磬Ҳ֪ˡǽҩҲ٣֪Ŀǰصĵһҡ
ѿҲЦ֪Ϣ
˵ҲˣҲҶʱǻƼһǿعһҩ
ҩ  ҩҲֻǵڶɶϾǵľޡ
ͶҩǼսͶʵһ֡
ҲΪҩ֪һҿҵ
Ŀǰҵҩ̸չ
Ǻǣ˼һԽԽˡ΢΢һЦ
ʼô˵ٶģҹҲָˡ
ǺǣЦѣ׵ҲЦ֪ٶ˵ҵô£
ҩѿڶĸ֡
ҩ֪ǰڽһͦҩƺһֱ·
ҫҲ֪ҩȥҩӦǱȽϵĳˡ
ָ磬ǻƼҲιһҩҩȤĻҲԺ
Цŵڶһķֺ൱Ķİ
ǿУҩռ˶ٵĹɷݣʵ
ٷ֮ʮʼɷȻռĲ࣬ÿҲǿԵġ
ҡҡͷعɾûлȨԼչһĺ㣬ʱٶȤĻǿԲһɣ
ָˬ죬Ȼ˵ĻҾͲƼҩˡ˵ʵڻΪιɵĹϵĻҶôǣ
ƺҩð˵Ҳһֱ֮⡣
Цŵǻ̸̸ҩɣ
ҩʵʵǿԵģֻĿǰΪӪ½ĳ֮ʽѣٱ̣
ѿ׵
׿Żѳҵʲôûгֵ򣿡
Ȼˣҩڸҩ̸УЦŵ
һҵ̸𣿡ʵҪĻС˺ܶడ
Ǻǣָ㲻֪ҩҽҩһǰϰˡҩ֮һѵ
ҫ쿴ҲǵͷҵڰҵҵźܴġֻһҵʵϵھǿѹۣżҩܹҲʣ¼Ǯˡ
ֹĿǰҩһǳεǾǱеʲҲ벻ϣ˽̣ٿȫˣ
Ҳǿף֪Ļ
˽ʲô˼׶̫Żѵ
ʵҩ˽֣һ۸ȻеĴϢջҪʣһЩֻϧ
΢΢ҡͷ֪Բôļ򵥡
ɻʵֻϧʲô
ֻϧҩ̫ˣҩǿĴѹ۸ҲǴӦдǻҪɽʽǲˡ
ѳһ֪ʱ׳Ļǽֿ϶һˡ
ҫЦŵ̳Ϲõļѣûʲôʵİ
ǰȻǹõļҪ֪ҩǿĴ˵ˣʱָҪǺһŵĻǶҩھݰ
ҲԷվɶĽǶ˵ʵôܣǲΪ  ׿ŻЦŵٶ²̫ðɣϾҲҩĹɶ
νָܰҵңʲôɶɶĳȥɣҾͳȻָҵ
ЦſףҲ̽Եʵ
׵ͷûκε⣬ҵҪĿĲ׬ǮΪܹΪӵĹĸﹱһԼ
ָǸ߷ڰ֪ʲôʱʱ䣿ҰҩԼһ̸̸
Ҳ˷ܲѣӵİڶǱҩÿһڵķֺ൱ˡ




331±ߵػ
 

ҩ  ³ܾػڰ칫Уü
Щž޴ѹһѵľǾǱԼΨһʲҩ
ԴӳҩػҵȫѪ
һĬĬŵСҩɳΪһҩҵ֪
һΣΪ˾ģǽעһĲɹ豸ͽ³
ΪʽĶѣбծƷˣ
Ѿͨ뺣ǮĻǵʱǿзҩˡ
ѵ£ػΪ˲ҸծֻۣܹѪˡ
ԭŵǣҩĿǰҵļֵڰ˸ڵʮڡ
ǼծдĻٻܹ׬ȡһһڡ
ȻˣҩĽ룬ԭ򵥵쳣ĸӺͲпᡣ
ػİ칫ڣһĸŮ˶棬ػŮ  ͬ۴ѧһҲҵļ̳ˡ
̸ʲô̳ѾǺˣ
֣ҩҪ˼𣿡Ŀдһ˿ˣҲꡣ
ﰡְֶԲ㣬ûպҵΪˡػҲһȻı飡  ֣һжԸģҲҪϣ
Ե÷ǳĹɶ£֪Լİְֳ˶ٵѹ
ԭһͷڷػ˿Ѿ԰߰ףȥ˲١
ػԼŮ˳ھθС
ʵ֪㲢ԸģĿǰҩѾҩƵͶ·ˡ
ԭίҶѾ֪ˣҵʵǡҲһƬ
ȻԸΪһ뵽Ҫ޸Ǹˣ˶оһı  һŮһֱӵԼ룡
˭ϣԼеİӸȢأ
һƺ̫ˣһ˾ôһӣһȴѾǻٵˡ
ˣ
趭㡭
һʮûֱӾʹ˽һߡ
ػǸӣȥûпڸ̸
ߣػǳӣ߸װβذ
ֽǿػӣ  㡭
ػоǰһڣһŭѾӿͷ
ҩ̶ȣܶ˶Ѿȥʱԭͷǳܡ
û뵽һֱػӷǿȻҲ˵Ķ
̬ȻѾȵز
磬㡭ôְܸô˵
û뵽Լ磬ȻԼĸ˵˵
˵ʵǿԼϵʮ갡  ҸΪɹǣȴҲûиϸˣǴ¡
ӣļһô󡭡
ػһӷ·ʮ꣬ȴֱĻ갡
ǿЦһػôôеλʲôʱҩңо飬һʲôҲ㲻һֱҪ裿ʲôʱҵˣ
ǣҪǿ㸸ĸ磬ҡҡȿȿȡ
УıĪͳĶһˣȴ䳰ȷ
ǿػʮ갡ʮ꣡
ɷǿվҵĵϵȻҲеġ
￴ŷǿһ˿ʧ磬˵ʵûҪ̳ҩҶԾ̲Ȥ û뵽ڼΪѵʱ㾹Ȼڱͱ˰ְһ
ҩҵѾӦңҩҵ֮ҸԺ칫Ҿҵˣ
ǿгζ˿Ҳ쳣ĸߵ
֣ɱԼӸˡ￴ŷǿһŭŭһҹ
ߣүһźˣǿֱˤŶ
׵ˣҲһȻ˳ȥ
׺ͻ˶һۣЩĪ˵һоЩ񾭲һ
ҪȻֱȥߵĸˣ׿Żʵ
ţߵҲϤ֮ǰһΣΪ¾ûȥȻ֪ص㣬˭˭Ҳ㲻
֪Ҫչҩҵط
ʱҩҵ칫¥ټĵطԵǷǳ䣬м칫֮⣬ƺѾǴڷżٵ״̬  ˡ

ţһӶʨŭ𣬰Ҳһ




332̫ɺˣ
 

û뵽ԼĸǿȻ˵޳ܱɣ  ԼΪѵʱȻѡ˱ѣֱѵķʽֱܡ
֪Լĸ׶ԷǿǶôĺãҲΪӣžúġ
׼οػʱһΪǷǿȥȻ൱ˡ
þԼе˸ղһʯƾĹ֡
ѸհŸƿˣͿǰŮӶԼ
ɫʱ  һ˲Ƿǿʶ˵ʱҲһ
㡭ǡЩǸȻĶ׵ˣȻԲһΪҸء
磬ҲӰɣѳúõıȻʲô¡
һѻΪҩҵ
ػ˿Ȼ䣬ɵ⼸ŹʵߣվվԱߡ
ܣҽлѣҩĵڶɶѽܵʱδ˵Լʵݡ
Ҫ֪ʵݿɱʲôҩĴɶҪţˡ
ҩģػɫһȻ֪кιɣ
㡭ǲѾ𣿻ʲôһŭĿŻѵ
ѳⷽҩ˶ģҲûвСһ顭
ţܣ裿ʱЩŵĲ˵ɺϰɣ  ػײסĶԼŮλôˣѲҲ
ǲǣҸղŮŮɣ״Ц
ߣ㲻ԵúҵӦò඼֪˰ɣ
￴ףɫ൱ѿҩĳˡ
ȻϾҪҩٶҶˣ  ⲢǴԸΣеᣬԲԸ޸Ǹ޳ˡ
ͳҪЮԼԼĸףԼ޸  ;˾ԲʲôˣΪûа취Ҫȥһۣ
ָ磬СѾͷƬ̫ˣҪҪҽѵѵһŮ˶׾Ȼ̬ȣҲǳ
΢΢ҡͷòãû׼Ժ󻹻ΪԼأ
Σ
û뵽һﾹȻǸʲôһ޳ܣ˱ŭѡ
ػ׵˵λҩҵ͵ôһӭλңĿػЦĻǶԲҲӭɡ
ƽȮۣ
һ̣ػг˶ҩķŭΪҩĹ߶˵Ļػô  ˵ҩԼ׬ȡ˼ڣǱƵԼŮ޸ǸĶ
Ϊף
ΪһߣҪȫ壬ٹҵĹеĿҪˣʱôأ
˵ػ㲻ҪƲԳԷƣָһιǰġѳҪôʶôĻʱɱˡ
ңƲ𣿹ػȻˣҲϵˣݲЩëûгȫСҵĸǰߺģ
ػЩ̲סˣǸղ˵˷ǿ֮˴һĽ׶Σ
ѾǿƲסԼĵô̼ĻʱԸΣҲٸκ˵ˡ
ܣһιҪΪ˸̸һ̸չ顣Ůǲͬ۴ѧĴһ
ЦʵˣΪּ˻ϲŮ
֮ɲ飡
û뵽ѽܵҵȻҵҵǰһܿľеĵ  㡭ǵʲôˣǾͷŹŮɣѾٶǻʲôĵط
ػ޳ˣĲ֪˵׻Ҫʲôˡ
װڰֵܲҪᣬֻǺʣ
ͬ۴ѧô
ߵĿף˿ԼǹֵֹģҲǻȥˡ
ô飬ܿĿʼɱͳɳǰһԹŮʲôʱ˵أ
ЦŵˣҲͬ۴ѧѧУѰ
㡭Ҳͬ۴ѧѧ
ɴ۾ףֲŵѾֵ˵˿ĵĲ




333´̵趭
 

ǵģͬ۴ѧѧ
׸һ϶˼Լƭġ
Цŵָ磬߻ܹУѰ¸̸˰Ǻǣ
̸̸ģгϣ
Ҫ̸ĻôͲü޸Ǹˡ
ǺǣҪƭ𣿡Цʵƺûκεĺôɣ
ѵͷָǹ̸ģһҿ֤
㡭㲻ҩĵڶɶѲô棬ñ˸̸ҵСأ
ػǰ˵ĻʵͲʵ  ҩĵڶɶһεĲܹɹĻôڶɶڣ
˭ܹڵĵⲻҪصҸ˸ԼǴҲŵġ
ػӣЦһҩǵǮһأ
ܣ̸һ̸𣿡
׵յģѾ֪յĽ϶һˡ
ֻҪһӦĹ̶ѣ
֮ǰʱ׻Ǵѹһѹ۸񣬿ɿǰ֮ıԼ뷨
ҲԼֵδţܰһȻҪһѵġ
ãȻҪ̸Ҿ̸һ̸ػҲҽˣĵѾǱˣбӲ  ҩڲĻ⻹Լ̸ء
ػҲһˣѾزȻҲͽƾͼˣ  Ҫ˵ܹʲô۶ӳ
׵ɳϣһԵʼնЩ棬ԼѧǸԼͬһ꼶ģ
Щʣֻܹȷڶ棬˺ʵĻȻʡ
ǰɣػҲʵȻ֪ҩĿģҪ߻˼ǲܵġ
ܣ²̸еĽɣҵǾҪأʵ̸սΣ¶ûκεӰɣ׿ػʵ
ػһ˵ǲ˭֪Ǳ浽׸ʲôã
ȻѾ̸ˣΪʲôͲܹƽ͵أҺǴѧͬѧͳҲܶԼͬѧºְɣ
״һ˿ЦݣΪĹϵĻƢҲôĺá
һԵĻѳָ磬һ˵Ĳ㣬ҪȻٻһΣ
ػЩɻĿ˿ףôҲ벻ͨ浽ô£
ʵףղŮ˽ʱҲǸоһ˿˿ĺЦ
ɺϵ̫ˣ
ǲ֪ܵıŵļҹ˾ػĿˡ
Цŵˣ
ˣǰûҽҩҵػʵûĻȰܻǲҪҵˣҵˮǳ
ƺûʲôϵɣػĻӦòһˡ
ػĿǰĳĻҪֵĻܱ˵  ˼ҾȻôѵʱ򣬻˵ҵΣգĲ֪ػǸأԴˮˣ
һˣԲӵģ  ѹһֵҿҲǸʵ˰
ЦŵչҵȻжŻ˵ġ
жأλܾҩģӦ֪ҩֶΰɣػ
ҡҡͷһĲ֪ҩֻһССͶʶѣͶлرˣҲֲȥģ

ػ̾һ˵ʲô˰˵һôĴ
Цŵܣ㾡ۣܿ
ҵļ۸ѾʵλӦѾ֪˰ɣػЩȻĿ׵
ѵҵȷ֪ˣǸ۸Ӧòļ۸ɣ
ػЦŵٵˣѾ˵ˣĵˡͬļ۸㣡ֻҪܹǮ
⵹һķʽ֪ܿǲǣ׿ػʵ
ʲôʽ
ػڵķԷǳǿܸо˺ڿӸԼ
лǷǳĲģϾϣĻ϶ǲġ
ܿ԰ҩеĶóҵ¹˾
ԭĴֱչıˣȻδŵĻȻҪһַʽˡ
һǣ۽ΪĻôطػĻ ൱˳ˡ
Ҿ֪ҰģҪһǮȻռҵĶΣ
ػŭһͷʨһ㣬߹




334´ӵõĸо
 

ػע̬ȣΪڸ˭˵أ
ЦһҸָô˵һ˵ϰôôţ
ֻǺ֣Ϊʲôָʼ̲أ
ѲָƢôĺãе㲻ء
׳ܣҪΪĹϵǵ̸Ѿˣ
㡭Ǿǳұҩѹʱ侮ʯҡҾԲǵóѵġ
ػѾ϶ˣǳĲˬˡ
һԵڿ˵ͬѧȴҪ̲ǵļҵЦصںʲˣ
һû˵Ҫ̲ҩڶ˵ǹȨѡȨȻǵС׳ֻû˵꣬Ǿ͡
Ǻãʲôֱ˵ɣ
ԼĸӣҲǸ˵
ҵ˼ǰеĶǮȻɵ³Ĺ˾ô򵥣׿
ǷеĴ͹˵Ĺأػһʵ
ȻǴɶȻеˣ׳
棿
ػһ˹ղⶫûˣνĹȨʲôã
ڰѶ˼ң˼ҰծȫĳеȥʱܹйɷݵĻǲڱҩҪĺõĶ
ĵծղȻû뵽Ҫȥʣͳ˼ҷһػɫͨ졣
ôԼһҲϽˣû뵽Ȼĵͼ
ܲŵĻڶǩԼ׳
ػǾɣĺ¾ȻߺģҪָƢãͷȥˣ
ǡ۲ʶ̩ɽܺͻ뵣㣡ػ̵
￴׵ΪʲôʱҪǣѲͲҩĴѹ𣿡
ҩʲôЦһѹһԿַ֪ʲô磡
ҫҲЦŵһССҩҪָ綷̫ˣ
ػ𾪵Ŀ⼸ˣǵݣһ˿
ѲԼôãһǿļչԼĶˣ  ĻôҪոˣΪͲԼŮˣ
ﻹǲ̫ţΪоôõԼأ  ʵҪлһۣδıڤڤ֮Ѿǰһѣ  ׿СӸŮһԵҲ˵أ
Ҿֱ˵ɣҵĶҩǾԲߵģҪĻֻܹϲˡһЦ
ϲػ̧ͷ˿ףƺ˼
ѲָĶÿ궼쳬ڣҩƷȫֱϵͳҵ˼˰ɣ
ԭȻĸ߲㡭ػҲ𾪵Ŀס
ӵİڶ
о൱˰
Ҫ˭°ѾӵİڶµĻԺҵȻҲ̳
ǺǣԺ֪ġΪŵ˵̸ľǹȨ顭
ǣ֪ЩֵܹٵĹɷݣ˵Ҿۣ
ػоǰһԼǰ֪˾ҪƭҲƭԼ˵ġ
ɷֲƭ˲ǣ˵ˣ׿ںֵģܵɵıġ
ٷ֮ĹɷݣΣЦʵ
ٷ֮壿ػѾʼˣڵĶ϶ܹ֪׬ٵǮ
һʮǾûκεģ
ʮڵĶʮ֮һǾһڣĻǾǺԱյĺ鰡  ͷ˭֪Ӻĺôأֵֻһ˭ܹԵأ
֪ǣⶫļ۸ɱӵĵҩƷļ۸ȴӵĸ߰
һʮڣ
ǲһص㷨ѣԶԶֹЩ
û⣬һжܵģܵġػ˶ЦֱǸԼǮ
һ뵽ղԼ˼ҵ̬ȣԼһ
ȴӵõĸо˸оһɽʱĽš
վЦŵָ磬Ȼ˵ҵҲһɡ
ԣȻӦʣϾҪɵĻĵľˣЦŵһɣ۸񹫵
ʵ̫ˡѵָ֪óٵĹɷݣҶҪˣ
ٷ֮ʮɣ׳
ɽָҸ˺ţù˾ĲǮ˻ΣǾô˵ˣ
Ҳһ˵׷ˡ
Ҫ֪ɲǸɵϣٷ֮ʮĹɷԺǻ֪Ҫ׬ء
û⣡
һOKƣȻЦŵ




335¼ػ
 

ѵһϯػ
ٷ֮һĹɷھͼֵڣҲ˵ٷ֮Ĺɷݼ۸ʮڰ  Żһ˷ܵӣ ػһֲʵĸо
ȻǾþ̳ˣȴһ㶼浽ʲô
ѿػӣҲ֪һ뷨ǵܣиһΣ
ܣ˵
Ȼ֪ѵҪ˵ʲôػ̬Ȼ൱ĺá
ͻȻһڱ˾ͷоһˡ
֪ǲϰٷ֮ĹɷݣѿػЦʵ
ҪɣػһƺԿóҵ
ȷҪһת֣Ǿʮڰ  ҡ
ػԥˣʮǿüǮȴ֪ٷ֮ĹɷԺļֵԶԶֹʮڣ  ȻҲ浽ǲЩ˳˫ɣ  ֻҪܵͷĻʮһСʱ֮ڵˣΣѿɲһˣţ  ϾżٶݰأҪʵˣ»ûء
һСʱˣ
ػһļ尾ʵҪȥֱϾʮڣ  ԺжɽĻ  һĻĿ¾Ͳ֪жˡ
Ҹķգ
ǰһػԼ͹ȣȻҸķա
һԵҲһ׺ͻѵ㡭ǲһ𣿡
ʲôһģŸоֵֹģ׹һֵȻѣֵܻء
ЦŵǰһȻѺܶ࣬ȴҲʹʣֵֵܹܡ
㡭ղ˵ʲôػ˻ֵʱ˶סˡ
Ǻǣ˵㣬ѡҫЦŵ¼ŵٶ֪ȾǸ߰
ǹ¼ŵĻٶػһˡ
ҩȷһɶǾǹ¼ţֻղһû
ͷѾ侲ˣȻˣ
⼸һۺϣͷѾ  µ𣿣֡￴ػҲʵ
ػ϶ĵͷǵȻû뵽ٶȻԵţʵʧԶӭʧԶӭ
ҪָͻȻ֮Ҫչһҵҩ׼չǣһǲֻ˵ðɣ
Ҳ̾һ˵ҩþ  ػ̵лٶлٶ
óֻʼѣһȻ˵ӡ
ȫ˾ǻˣҲһȽϴϻ۵ŮӣȻķʶα
ǹµĻٶĻôȻܹȫ⣬ȴѾˣ  ЦŵһжԵְ˵СҪף
⡭ô֪ģﱻ˵ҲڵȻʲôܣӦò֪İ
Цŵ㶨׵ͻ֪ˣʱһᵱҩչ飬ٶŹӵʱ֪ûпһȥ
пհָû𣿡ѹһֵ
ܣȻѾǼңҿ϶ȥǸ׻ˡ
ⲻȥôأȻ˼ôǣôҲõڴЩ޳С˵ǣ
ЦŵĵҪ㲻ȥĻôȥأ
һδѺˣҪһﵽʱ򿴵ԼǱʱĳˡ

û뵽ܾȻôǿԼû뵽Ȼ뵽ˡ
ػﰡȻ˵ˣǵʱǾͺݺݸҵһţұҲǱ˺ܾˣ
׿ػͬ鵽ʱûٶٰɣȻҩҪŪ׻ᣬҿ絽ʱֱӰ׻ǩԼʽҩҲܹһ֤˲ǣ
ߣʵǸ߰ѹһֵʱҲᵱһ飬ǩԼʽˣ
ǾĿԴˣǺǣЦŵСĶ֮հɣ
ܣôҵô˽Ⱑ֮ǰǵˣ
Цŵҿûе㣬һȻģ
뵽ߣǿЦҪӣ治֪ʱһһʲô  ܼȻ˵ˣһհ죡ػҲǱһɾأҲţڿţʲôطȥ  ɣ
װڰ֣Ȼѵ˾һ˹˹뿪ߡ




336¶Ҫʼ
 

ùʴƵ꣡
Ҳû뵽һҵѡĶ׵ص㾹ȻƵ꣬ҲЩҪЦ
۵ڻ诵Ĵ£ľߣڴȴ
˵۸磬ôожǺأַҲЦŵ
诺ٺһЦ붼о̼Ͳ֪ʱܲܳɹˣҪܹɹĻ൱
۴ʱƺҲǽŵĺܣŻ诵ҲŰ
ȻƽʱֵģɱϾغԼ£Լ˵Լˡ
û۸磬ˮڣܰ۳˲ɣ־˳ЦŵҵǾͦ˷ܵģ
û뵽㻹ͦүǵû诳־˳Цŵ
ַǸˡ
ﰡһҲ˷Ȼ۵˵һ˰һɾͿı˰
ҡ
ۻû˵꣬Ѿһĳķ˹ȥ
۸磬һֱӳȥأȻȥַŻԶˣҲʵ
ϾֻмˣһҪǱ˸˵ĻǾЩˡ
־˳΢΢һЦǱȻҪָڽȥָˣҶ£
⵹ҲǣֵָǷˣַ־˳ᵽ׵ʱƺҲǻȻˡ
ôָˣ˵ָôӰҲûаεĿƵΧƺûп׵Ӱӡ
Ĵ֮У˭Ҳûע۵ˣ  ܿ죬ͣ˾ƵſڣһʮˣΪ׵Ǹ괩ŰɫᣬֻƺЩࡣ
٣˰ϲϲƵĴþһٵӵʱҲЦ˻
бۿ˿þݹȥһţ
⡭ô˼أ̶Цݵ
ʲô˼ģ綨ףҲӦõ˵ֱ꣬ӳŵݿ˹ȥ
˿̣Ѿǿʱˣ붨ӦʱҲˡ
ٲæĹȻļķǳĸߡ
ǸСӣ
ۿǸʲô٣ûг嶯ȥȸһһ¡
Ǳַ־˳ŵĻѾǴˡ
˵۸磬ܲܲ嶯ҪҲһɰڰˣʱ˼ұ˾۽ļƻɾȫ˰
־˳Ͻų嶯˵ҪĻǿɾͲðˡ
ʱ˼Ҷˣһв
Цһ⹷յģģû뵽Ȼһ
۸磬ͷ˶ˣҲܲһǾõıˣַ
̾һĵĲģһҳȥ˵Ļ˼ﲻϸߵĻ˵Ҷ˲ˣ
˵۸磬⿼ǵҲ̫ȫ˰ɣ㲻ȥԣô֪˼ҾͲϸأ˵ˣҪҵĻҿ϶ߣ
־˳̵ջ诵˵ٿ϶ʲôˣۻǸѪ˰ɣ
˵Ҳǣ۵ͷһģߣΨһӣȻôηηŵģǶ˰
ù
Ǹһ䣬ڷ˽ʮ
һôųģҲǷǳټ
ʵϽҾҪڶչҩѾβˡ
棬һȥԼĪʮµһɫ̸ʲô
򰲣ȷһΣҪȢػŮ
˵˽٣򰲵ĸףҩĶ³
ʵϣԼĶȢϾһİҩ˾·
ԼĶҪȢһ˵ŮⲻΪʲôأ
֣ҴСϲˣҾҪҵԸˣôأЩͷ˵
һΪ㿼ǣվΪٳ
ǷԼܱڰҪõĶɣ򰲳Щˡ
ˣˣ콻егҲˣҩڽдڰҲػֳʲô۶ӳȻСѾˣǾȽȥɡ
ٳƵ̾һӴСߵһĻëҲûа취
˭ԼȥأԼôһӣôҲöһЩɣ  ֣ղػ˵̬е̫߰ˣҪǿϣҾʹϼһˣʲô
򰲳ղػ̬Ŀ
ŶǺǣСӿǻĲͷˣӣûκ·ߣ
ٵһ˿ĺһֱϲػһƿԼо൱ĺð




337ֳ
 

  ػվһԣΪ˱ˣȻҲ൱ļ
ǸղſǸ򰲵С֮һ
СӴСĿˣû뵽쿴ԼǱǿ׳졣
ǿûӵĻʲô  ڵ̨֮ϣʱ߳һˡ
𾴵ĸλлڰæ֮гղμС㶨ϲ磬ҽXXǹ˾ףȫ彡⣡
һҲǴ˸棬ȥҲͦһ˾
µһ
ЦеĸһԵгЦŵ˵гû뵽Ȼæ֮гμҶӵĶϲ磬ĳǸм
˵ﻰеĴͻгһ⻰ҲЦе˵
˵ʵгһҪΪҩ⡣
ͷԽǺõҵԽϲŴǣԽȱǮҵԽ᲻÷š
ǶϣֳɵģȴϣԼеȥЩеҵɹѹء
΢΢һЦȻгһε黹
˵ʲôֻӦѡҩԼģʽѣҵġ
гȻ֪Ļ˵ʵʱԼѡ
һǼŴҩʵҲǷϳģΪҩеĲҵֵڰ˵ʮڣ  Ϊҩĳ֣гԭŴļƻĳ˻ʽ
һССı仯ȴҩһǰδе֮С
ҲΪˣһЪˣ
гģһ˵ڴȥˣҲͶұһ˵
仰Ҿͷˣֻ趭׼ҡ
гЦݵĿ٣оԼһǶĶˡ
Ҫľҩǰϵ񶼸ˣڿ̨ˡ
ЦһƾҲ䣿λػӣǿ
гʶǿһȥģ
ѲѾгҲǳһҪĻپ̫ˣ  ǿٺһЦҺϧѾã
ٹһЦҾҪػѣҩڷչʱػһ䷽ңˣȴһ£ҾҪʧʲôζ
гЩ٣ҲǵһҪǵǺܿ
أ
˺˶٩٩̸ʱİű߿ˣ
һ˲䣬еĿⶼſڴֻѾ˽
˭ػһʼˣΪ׵ˡ
û뵽Ȼǵģ⼸˿ȥĺܡ
ҲһãȻҡҡͷҲʶ
һԵĻ诺ٺһЦǵУѣͷǸۣİĽߣ
ʲôĽߣǹʲô
һɲõԤУ쿴עǶ֮ﰡ׵˻ûأû뵽Ȼôһ
ĸʲôҾͲ֪ˣ֪ۺϲ㣬读û˵꣬ͿŻ诵ô֪ҽ충ģ
һС˵©ˡε˵
㡭͡Ҳŭ˵һԵػЦŵҿԣΪܴѾҪܴˣ
֡
ɫһ죬û뵽ԼϵȻԼЦ
ʵԭĲǵģۣһ֪ˡ΢΢һ̾
۴ַ־˳˽ֱ㶵ĳķ˹ȥ  һ·ϲûκεܶ˶Ҫ˵Ҫʲô  ɫΪǰ⼸˾һɲõԤУ
Щ˾Բѣпܾµģ  򶭣⵽ô£гһһͷˮĿʵ
ҲʶӦµģҩôҲûٵ˰һ̨׸Լ£ɫӵѿˡ
˰
оʵ̫ˣµĻôأ
Ҫ޸һϲ㣡
վĸǰ˵ϥ¹ͳһö䣬һĻƺסˣ

һӣֳը˹˭Ҳû뵽ҩܵĶӵĶϣȻܹ˹ѪһĻ




338²
 

ֳ۷׷ף
˭оһķʵ̫̼ˡ
򰲵Ķ磬Ȼֳ˭ܹõأ
Ҫ֪ҩҲҵĴмģȺžȻĹѪ飿
ǣȴ벻ʱȴԽ𺳣  СӹţȻҵĳӣţˣ
ɲզΣСҲ֪ðģҵĳӣҪСˣ
㿴Ǽһɫ֪ˣһСӲȱ첲ˣ
ǸѧڵѧҪҪ
Ƚϵĵͣһ֮󣬿Ͳˣ
£Ƭ֮ԽԽ
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ǳĴΪ
Բ꣬СӣģϽүһȥҪȻӴĹŲţ
򰲼ˣһǼˣԼδŶҪ˸ˣôţ
ۿ򰲣վ޸ģˣ˭ҪǸұǿжףǾӵĵˣ
ðСҸô˵
ʵǿȥˣƶ䡣
ۿ˿ٵߣ۽վ⣬˭ҪǸҶһ£Ҿʹ̤ƽط
Ͼǰɳһ˵ĻôһЩƵġ
ػۣЦСӣ忴Ӵ
ػҪǲǣ
ٿػʱȻҵԼԼӵ˵ĻѲԼ˲ɣ
٣㣬Ϊ㲻ɣػʱʵǵȲˡ
Ȼ׺ͻǻûʵܲϹ˵š
ˣ  ǽ֮Σ
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гҲЩεվʵ֪Ҫʲô飬ֻ˴֮ͥ£Ҫǿˡ
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ڣϢĻӦǲڰɣгȻ֪
һ㶼ǮϣҩǿأĿǰгֵҲǿԵġ
Ͳ̸ʲôˣֻΪŵػЩͶ·
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Цһ˵г˼
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һӼˣָػֱӾ
ǿ
һʹԼɱﵣǿػӡ
Ҫػѣ  򶭣ҡ
ǿһĵ˿ޱȵĶġ
ػŷǿ㡭ú
ػҿ϶ǿһЦѾ˵ˣҪʶȤĻԹԵ޸٣ʶĻǵʱ͵вҩɣ

ػǱ̼ˣһʮ˱Լϻ϶ǹȥģ  Ҹˣ
۴ԼͳһпȻߵгĸǰ
гɴ۾ۣһһӾóڳΪһû׷ֵŮˣ
̫˰
һԵػﶼסˣǶŻ诿˿
诵˵ۼҲͦǮġ
ߣΪпܻдгСһǸ㻹װϷ
ٵг˲мСӾԲóôǮһծġ
СӾһѵɵƣ
Σڲ绰һŵҪ죡
гһ·ǳˣûȫٵĻϾ˼ֳܹûеſ²ܵġ
ǿггСҴûмػϷģǧҪСӣ
ҲǳߣȻгҪ飬ǲһҲáһСӳҵ
֮У˶ȴŽĺϷ˭֪ʲôߣ




339гһٰʮȴת
 

ܿ죬ͳˣ  οһԵгҲӵĺ
гг⡭⿨桭
˵⿨浽ûǮжǮг
һԵЦŵӵĺ֪ˣ϶ûǮ
Ҿ˵һôǮأͲǸǮˣ򰲿Ц˼Ȼ̸ұҪСε
ΧҲһĺЦϾһҵݾӶ࣬ЩȻǰײˡ
еļѾԾԾԣ͵һ£Ǿ׼ǰһ⼸Сӣ  θղǱסˣ˵绰ϵͳڵѲһ¡
ⲻ鲻֪һһ澹ȻоŸڣ  Ÿڰ  ȻҲǿܶĸһſͷžŸڣҸȥƵûпġ
ֱеû뵽ڵ˾Ȼܹ˵ĵز
ղҲǸһ뷨СӦþǳƭġ
û뵽ģĲˣ  ˼һȥǸѧСȻôڣ֪ǼҵöǮ  ȫ׸ϻĶҲ˰ɣ  гο˵ĬѣҲǼ˵ɶôҲͨһɣ
οгг⡭λӵĿСоŸڣ
ۣ  ˼ǿˣŸڣôˣ  ͷθô͵ˣоŸڣ  ʵ۴ĻǲȻˣԴŲ̫һ·ҲͼǧǮѣ
Աߵ־˳ַ⴩һǵ̯ڳʶĿɶˡ
ŵǣһǮ˵ԱӦҲɣ
۵Ավ̯ѡ֣Ǯʲôطȥأ  Ÿڣûɣг˶ˣҪоŸڵĻǼֱ
˿ɲгܹģĸλܹġ
ۣ¶һ˿Цݵ֪λӳԺδ

һЦ
Ǯ˿ɲ٣ȻڽĲ࣬Ҳûа
ȫ׸ҲǳԶгֻǮɲ˰һҩҪǷĻǿɾͲ˵ˡ
˼վѾǾȵ˲  һߣպ
гѾ׼ʼʹˣҩܵǲҩڿҲܵﰡ
٣μ滹ǲ˼ղⶼᡭᡭ
˵ţгѾͳһƬ˫ŵݸۣ  ѵǮ𣿡
ˣˣȫˣгЦŵʵҲûôżҪҩǮ趭żĻȫڵȵȰ趭ҪȻꣿ
ػ۵ĿϾȻôǮҲסˡ
ղǸ֧֧˵ʱΪСҲǸƭء
˭õһСһﾹȻܹóŸڳأ
˵ǾŸˣǾŰҲѾ൱͹۵һˡ
ػԲܸԼŮôǮ
ҿԺ˵ɣ
Ҳʿˮǽûܺͻܵ˵ĵҲԲĽġ
һԵĻ诰֮ǰĽ˸ƵƵȡ
û뵽ѧУȻôһ˵İĽԼ
ǵҲΪĪ̳ͷǼ֮ȫĸĹˣ
һееˣҳҲ˧ģһЩˣ
趭趭гػĸǰ˹ȥ
ٵ˴˿̵ıӶˣ֪ðļһȻһſϾоŸڣ
ʵ̫ˣ
٣ҲܸԼĶӾŸڰһﲻ׵ðǾ١
˵ղŵôĻڵѾϰˡ
֪۵ͷӲ֪Сӵ״ʲôطðģڲ  Ѳɽ첻ػ·
ҪػķĻԺҩǼĴ  ۿػ壬ǼҵĴҰǻˡ
Сӣлл㣬̫ллˣڲҪػЦСӿŻͦʵϣҶԼŮ˵塣
ҪԼŮĻǾԲᷴԵġ
Ѽ飡  仰Բ˵ģػھڵȴ׵˵ĳ֡
ڵѾǸӵеˣСӵĳ֣һ̨ĸо
ְ
׺ͻѵ˴˽۵ӣҲЦ
ʵղѾˣֻվſڴǺӣûƻ




340۹ɷݵĻٶ
 

аˣ  Ϊʵ뷨һδƽһ𣡣
û뵽ΪҪʱ򣬹µĻٶ˾Ȼֳˡ
ٶ
ԭҲμԼӵĶģֻˡ
û뵽Լ²̨ʱ򣬻ٶȻˣ
ǰ
ٴûôһ̣һ˵ĳ֣ٶĳ־ԼĴǹһ㣡  µٶˣû뵽ȻҲμٵĶ簡
ǰղСӲǺ𣿾Ÿڣ˼һٶУǸֵһᰡ
ػһѼҵĽడһΪСĻᷭûϷ
ɲҩĵڶɶǿɲġһţȻٶˣ
¿кϷˣǲ֪ðСӣҲˣ
£ִһ֮  ղŵѾԵĲͬ˿˶һҪȫʤˣ  ػţܹµĳĸȽ
ŶоܣҪ֪µǿǧڼĲ
ѿһٵ򶭰ϲ㰡
ٶӻϲʲô˵
һԵгٶˣ˱ḻˡ
Լôˣ  ôһһţأѹĿǴﰡȻľȻǹµĻٶ  гòҲǵȻĳгһк
гƽʱǺţһˣĽţг¶Բˡ
ôУôļңҪٶ΢ɿڵĻһӸʮڵʽ𴢱Ƿǳɵһ顣
һֱҪµһֱûлᣬû뵽ͰԼĸǰ
ٶ߳˵飬ҪȻһЩĵĿŻѵ
ʵϣҩڶɶֱҩĹɼһΡ
ҲΪʲôҩôǮһԭ򣡣
ΪڹµͶİһµʵĻ»ҩӦ  ȻǵڶɶɹµҩĻȨ൱ĸߵġ
Ȼܶ鶼ԼһЩҲµĽġ
ҿͲ˰ɣҽҲһҪһ£
ѿЦŵ
һѵЦݣҲЦ˾ջһٶû뵽첻ҪǴϲ
ѰЦһһﻹŰֻ۾ԼҪʲôϢˣ  һλѻȥ֮صظԼĸһ飡  ѵĸ׵ϣֱİ峷ҩ  ҩ׬Ǯˣһҵ˸õĿҲΪֺһºϵˣ  ѵĸһֱҪύһºϣһֱûлᣡ
û뵽˼ɵľ˰ڵľӶԼӵѵĻǶԼԺķչŲСġ
׻һĹȣѵĸȻ֪һ㣬ҲΪʲô˹ϵһԭ  ˵ˣҩȶѹֵΪҲΪü
ýҪҩֵҩδķչԼʲôϵأ
λҴµŹɷ޹˾ڴ֣ҹ˾ڽʽҩĹɷݣĿǰѾɡ
֮ǰѾ׼ֻҩĸ߲϶ߣ˭ҲûйעеĶ
˵ˣµǰֵʵǹǿģ̶̵ļ֮ھӴĽף
ʲôٶ˵ʲôоһĿնŵĿŻѵ
ûͦһͻϢˣѹһЦ
ȻڻûмӵĹΧü˵ֻѾˣ  ٿٽӵ绰ı飬Ҳ֪ôˣ
µ۹ƱгĶ  翪̽ʮӣҩĹɼѾͣ
ΪʲôΪʲôѣ㡭ΪʲôҪôң
ʱһĿŻѣʵڸ㲻ڹµʲôô  ʹѹھߵֶΣű˵Ů޸ӣֶʵǡ
΢΢ҡͷʱɲһҵʲôһ˿͸׵ļ񣡣  ػ׺ͻѵ֮Ҳһ
һԵۿҲǹһ֣˹ָ磬զأɽˣⶼզ°




341¼һϲҳ
 

֣һġ
ʱҲǾ۾ȻͻԱߵǸʶҲһ
ֲϹȻĳ  ڻڸղŵִ֮Уһµʣʱгвʵ̫̫ˡ
ôһĹԼʧѾˣ
ʲôԭǿչҩĿľΪ̧߹ɼۣԼ׬ĸࡣ
һչҩĻһʽ֮ٿ׬ȡʮڵ
ʲô  չûɣԵĴܳԵ  ҩȻڿȥĺܣһӦĻǺܿͻʽΣ֮С
ڵҩһĻҩܹһ
׿ЦŵСӳɹûУ
֪ءʼ翴Щ˵
ܣǡ
￴ҲһôҲû뵽۾Ȼɹġ
ػҲһƵĿ׵ܣ⵽ǳһһΪСŮġ
ЩΣػΪԼŮѾ̶ֳ  ׿ػЦŵһǾˣλֵۣ˵ҲˣϲС㣬֮ǰ֪С趭Ůҿ趭ʱҲЩȣ
ôɺϰɣҲǾˣһԵĻ诿׵ɴ۾ף㡭զˣ
ףǸף
￴׵ʱҲ˭һֱ׵Ĵţȴδļס
ⶼʲôʲôػһͷˮĿףһԵĻҲЩƵָ磬⵽ô°
׿̨µ˵λһ飬ӽ쿪ʼʽչҩ
ʲôû뵽ҩôĹȻ˼Ҹ·غˣ
ҩҪڱԼ͵ʴװ
ߣͿҩˣһֱ۸ǣбӦ˰ɣ
ԺϹˣ˻ĥ
׵һ棬ѾǽͷݾӶࡣ
ﻹʲôҩͷҵΪ˵ģ
˵ǳͷǺ£ȻǱ϶ҩϹϾ֮ȴѾǿҩˡ
ܣ֪չҩ˶Ǯһ߿׺ٺһЦ
ҲûлǮǺǡЦŵ
ѧ׷˰Ǹ˿Цڵûʲô˶ˡ
ٴ˿ɫѾѿ˼㣡
̳ˣҪӮñ˵أҪӮñصĵơ
ҩǰȷʵʱأµһʣʱɼۿ¾ͻͻʷ߷ˡ
һһأҲܵˣ  ʱҩ¾ͺȥˣû뵽ǣҩĹɷʵѾȫ׸ˡ
һֱû˵飬˵ԼĹƱȥ˭ˣ˭Ҳ֪
ٷ֮ʮҩĹɷݣڼЩɢ۵ĹɷݣϼѾ˰ٷ֮ʮĹɷˡ
Ҫ֪ҩҲռɰٷ֮ʮһѣ  ʱʽһ˵ĻҲֻܹԭʼɱعɵĿɾͲҩˡ
ôҲĿĵģҩģȷǲСڵĶ⿿һҩǲеģ
ػ˳Ծı飬ЦŵҺܽʽҩػռɰٷ֮壡
ٷ֮壿ǿһôļҵͱ϶ܹˣҩҵĻԲӡ
㡭ҹػһǿͼѣһԵҲߵ˵Ұǰʮˣֱ磡
ߣҾôˣҸػΪ˺ͺţ𣿵ʱƲ
ǿԭΪũūѸ質ˣû뵽ʱȻ֦ڡ
ԭΪĿɽҩһϦ֮侹ȻϦҵˣ
ĻԻͱµĳʸŪ
أ  ǿҪ׼̼ػʱһȭѾֱı棬˲Ѫע  ۿҵ־
ҲǺܽ˵޳СˣӦñ򣡡
һԵػǹЦƶбǿⱨӦ˰ɣ
׿ػ˵趭طҿҲûκεıҪˣҪȻǻطиǩԼʽΣ
ȥٺɫѾѿ˼㣬٣ƺܲĴһӻ˹ȥ
һϲҳ  ҩҵͷһ̺Ȼ




342Կϵ»
 

׺ػ˻صҩ֮ǰĶʵѾҩ䵽˵͹ȡ
ҩѾΪ׵֮ⲻʱ⡣
ҩĹȨҲרҵʦڴֻԵǩһ֮ͬ뿪ˡ
۵ˣϸػһԷȥˣײδȥμ֣ҪȥǱһˡ
һ˶ڴϣϸĻЩ֣ҲȻһЦ
ã  ĸдԴӾ֮ܵѾµĸ
Ľͷˮ˳ӿ  ֵ°ĸ߷ڣ׵ҲǲżһЩĿĵʮ·ڣԼδ׺ȥδӣ  ΪԭļƻǲܸıģûûڵԼ
ԼÿһǶ׬ģ  壬Ǯɡ
ڴϣЩʧһԵСקԼʱûбܵķӦ
Ϊ׽Լûκвԭ
ǰСкҲһۣԭӦԼĸĸܰͯꡣ
ǰӣȻһȳȣԵڴ֡
·ˣС֮ǶǶԶԶġ
СеļGҲΪ۵ʵô£㿴
ҡҲҪ
ǸкȥӣҪֿȵʱܵЩܡ
ЦʵҪ£Կϵ»ô
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ǺӵһĪΣǴϾ¶ľһֵĿ  벻ԣ¶һ˿ЦݣȻпգ
Ҳ֪ϲƽ̫̫ˡ
һʱ䣬̫̫ȨݻԼѾЩȴʲô˼伲ࡣ
ǰСȻһֳ嶯ڿӹ
ҡԣ
ǸСƺδֵסϵ»ջҪ֪ÿ̳Χ֣ȻҲŵõǿϵ»ζ
Լ֮󣬾ûһٳԵñ  ԼļˣһӡûС
Ӽ֮ͼǵԼһֱ򣬴û˯һþ
Ǻǣԡ
ҲЦȻСģȴ˿ϵ»
һ·ϣ˶Ͷ۹⣬²ؼ߸߹ЩҲֻĿ˿ףȻԶԶġ
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װССк֣ȻʼŶӡ
Ȼܶ˶Ǻ񣬲˸ӵĶࡣ
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׿˿Աй涨Ҫй涨ĻǵĹ涨óҿ
㡭
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ǸԱоһεʱ׵ĺһʮµŮӴһСվ˺
裬࡭
һԵǸСŮƺҲĸ׵Ը񣬿ԱߵСкҲ¶һıġ
ײЩˣһԵСкηηӣЦŵ£أ
š
ǸСȻǺܺ£ɿ׵ĴֲԼʱƺֲˡ
ԱߣСô԰Ҫǵ˲Ļǿϵ»𣿡
ǸŮӼ׸ԼҲıQ
ԱݺݵĿһ׵뿪ѾӰ쵽òˡ
üǸԱһǾ仰й涨óҿ
÷զ
ڼ˶ָָʱһԲߵ˸ղǸŮӵĸǰƺʢʵ
磬һŸСлӣвǼȾˡ
Ǹ÷ŮһԼϹˣƺС˺ܶࡣ
СӣʶĸϽСлӵܸʲôڵСлӶôǮˣܳԿϵ»ˣԺ󻹲ܸҪǮɻСлǮˡ
ӴŴִֵĽӣֱϻһǵ͵Ļģôǩ
׿ǰˣ˴һ˿˿֮С
ﶼܹôĵأ  ǰС˵ĿԼҲСˣͲеͬ?  ΪԼȽϵţ׿ֻϲ۸Ⱥ޵ѡ




343¸ҹ
 

ϵ»  Ǹߵ׵ĸǰȻ˲ߣҪ״ֿһȦ
ӽʤԼһȽϰţ
һƺЩ  ӣһģ

øһϻ˵ⱾһСĲСˡ
ѲɴĲûóԷˣȻ˵ͨġ
˵ˣϵ»˵Ҳһ͵ѣбҪĺܸ
Сӣղ˵ʲôû
ףԼͶѣʾԼû
һȻûһһҪˣ
һΣҲû֮ǰĿһ˿
ǸӣоԼĶĤһĴʹһЩʧϵĸо

ԼĶ䣬ȥʹ쳣  ϹϹôˣ
÷ԼϹˣҲһ
ǸײԼȶŭĳ׵Сӣ
˵꣬һȭѾǳ׵沿˹ȥ
ԱߵСкŵö׵ˣܵЩ¡
ԭֵĿϵ»һӰеĽ㶼׺ӵϡ
䣡
ȭԣ  ԭ˶Ϊ׻Կȴˣ  ǲ  ΪһĻǸоһľȣȭͷ׶֮󣬾һ죡
һײûֱ֣һȭһͷ飡  ƽʱĻῼǵӰ֣ɽ鲢̫á
Ск֮һܣЩ˴Źȴ˵û֮ͬŭˣ  ҲǵùĺܣһԼźӹԿϵ»û뵽飡  ʵҪ֨Ļ֮ҲˣǾûнʲô飡  ໡ֶˣҵֶˡ
ʹĹ˵ϣ˱ɫѾǷˡ
󾡶ϣʹಢǳ˿Գܵģ  ĿһȻٸ˵һ飬ҹ
Ҳʵ̫ùһЩû뵽ôһṦ򣬾Ȼ˸ǲˣ
׵ȷЩ磬ֻܵѾˣ  ĻʱѾʧˣ
졭120
Ǹ÷ŮӣŻŵóֻû뵽ƽʱţϹ쾹Ȼ˺ݽɫ
ϹֻܵˣǳԵһҲẰ˹ƽġ
ϹѾ۵亹ֱðʱ˭˼أҪҲǺȻˣ  һ˲䣬˼ԶףǰŶӵ˶ǳ̨˹ȥ
׵ҲǲֱǰǸСһԵ㶫
ܿ죬׼ܵĶһ飡
СһͿʼСһԵĻʵӣҲһЦݡ
Ȼܶ˶ڿǣѾûһ˸ǰ˵ʲôˡ
ղǸȥţĸǣҲѾǱ120ľȻŪ˲ǣ
СһﻶĳţƺûгԹζһԵķǳĿġ
ųţЦЦлл壡
ԣҲһӳ̫࣬θ̫á۵һֵݸСк

Ск˴ԼСʱңǴ˸á
Ա𣿡Цʵ
ţûгԹôóԵĶлл塭Скȥͦòġ
ʲôְʵ
ҡҲ֪
СкԼǰͳһСҼȻд憴֡
˷ӲʶΪСϵúŵĹҼȻƳɡ
Ѱ˼ôأ  憴֪ӦþС֣ʵôˣ
ҡҲ֪塭СкƺЩȻھҪȥˣҪȻһҪң
㣿ΪʲôҪ㣿
ײ֪浽ʲô飿һֱΪС˶ӦǿΪ
û뵽憴˵ȻҪǣ⵽ô£
ҡҽ컹ûأû壬ѾԱˣͱһ٣
憴¶һ˿΢ЦƺԱ׷
׿憴һ˿Цݵ憴İɣ岻Щ۸ˣԺô
壬Ҫǰﻵ˻ģ 憴ЩĵĿ׵ȻЩƺ޵еĴڡ
岻£书ԺҲ书ͲٺЩˣ⵽ô£
۵Ŀ憴ĸŭգ˻ЩСŶ
Ļ书𣿡
憴ƺ׷ǳΣֻͻСЩﲻ
ɼҲѾܹ˸߰˰ˡ




344²˵˷
 

ϵ»ĲУ׸憴ǳΪһصķ羰ߡ
Ȼӭ볰ЦĿ⣬ȴЩһ£ղŸԼаǸһﲻҲѾԼ  ȴԼ£
ʵϣһҪԼа壬»ûʸ
û憴飬ԭȥǱ߰ҩҵ˳˵һµġ
ɼȻˣ憴ôΪһ棬ıԼгˡ
ղ憴ĽѾܹ˳ˣ
憴㣬ǱСж٣׳ʵ
憴ԥһȻӦкüʮɣҲ֪
Щÿ춼ǳԱů𣿡׸оǰ˷Ӿļһ
ôССͣҪСӰ׬ǮҲö˼Һһɣ
ţЩ˶ʲôԵġ
憴˵һôСôᾭ˵  ô£׸ղϸĹۿһ憴ȣǱ˴ϵģֻΪҽβʱ˲м
˵㲻ʲôԼӵһ֮󣬵ʱ϶ǻָ˵ġ
ֻߵ˵˷ӣôСӣôܹµ˵ĺ֣
͡Ǵġ
憴һ˿Ŀ־壬һ׵˵Ӱ׶ܹ뵽ǶôĲҾˡ
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״憴ͳȥˣֻ憴ƺЩ̫Ըߡ
мĵһ졣
壬¡
憴΢ǲСƺ˵һֲܿ顣
ױ憴憴£Ժᱣģİɣ
塭߰ɣҺ¡憴ʱһ˺Լαװ
һСӣһԼôõ壬ȻҲҪຣ
úúãһߣһߣҲðЩ˸ץ˵ɣ˵أ
׿憴֪ҪȥӰΨһİ취ǰЩ׸ץ
憴ȴ¼ˣҪ룬ʹĵط
Ϊܲʹܵˣɺץ֮ͱȡ
憴Ȼ꣬ȴһСûеʶ
óֻ˸绰˻ѣ  ԭҪģѾǻž֮ŭ
ѺҫߵĿϵ»ʱѾߵӣ
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СôĿɰ˭Ųϲ
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ѳ֪׼ȻҵȻɵʲô
ҵ˼ȷǶʲô˷ӵѣҹˣ⼸˷ӱ
׵һ˿ûôһ̣ôҪɱˣ
׽磬ٹֵˣҲǸһЩѵ
Ϊ˾ͨˣҪɱҲǵȴŷɵƲá
ˣԣ
ˣ׵ֻһ뷨Ǿɱ  憴˹ʱƺһЩ
ѵĳż˳ĵһСǱ߿˹ȥԽǳ濪ԽǸоЩ
ط֪ԭǹµҪ߸һõģΪû̸£Ըˣ
ѿ׵
һԵҫţطϳԭס̸еѶȼ󣬶Ҫ̫߰ĿǰץǨˣӦͻжˡӣָɵСĵ㰡
ҪѺҫʶ׵ս֮󣬿ǾͲĵˡ
ɣ憴ڳϵŰɣһ˽ȥ׳
ָ㲻Ҫһ˽ȥɣѵǵĿס
֮ʣѾʧҹɫ֮С
Ҹָȥȿ˵ɣʱҷϢ㣬ʱ׼
ѳҫ˵黹ǱȽϸġ
ҫһOKƵСģ




345憴
 

ģһﻧ  ﴦϳģΪض̫ãҪҲ൱ĸ߰
ѰĿҪطʵǸоЩ
ҪǨ֮߼ۣ۸Ҫѹһȥ߾ͳһϴѵˡ
Ѿ˴һƬﻧи졣
ﻧӣһ£׻ĲȥѰʲô
ɽȴһѾǻŭ𣡣  ׵ʶһƬﻧһɨΧһо۵ף
ѺײŸףʱȴûпմ
ֻܹ׵ĺţһƽʱҲôôԶҲǸоһĳԲ
ǰһ·ܵףҪɾжɣûֱڣ
ﻧһԺ棬طԱȽϵƫƧӵ
ʱʱмԲǱȥ
ײδֱӴϷ˹ȥѿ׵Ӱûһ֮ʧˣҲĪһ
ԺӴһʮƽһϱȽϴ󻧵˼ˡ
Ժ棬кüòʸߴС巿״սһǸֱǲҲ̶á
һ巿ʮƽ׵ĵطȻס߰˸СЩСдС
СӦҲˣĿȥʮӡ
ЩСһص㣬϶ܹ˵ģһЩصѾ˲м
ײδˣһϴ˹ȥ
磬мСӵٰһ߶һ
һȥݺһļһɫĿһӥǵӡ
ӣҸ˵ٴˣĺ߸ˡƺܲǰ˵̬ȣô߶һĸ˸ģ
ǣëӸġȥݣȴ˳֮Ϊӵ߸磬˵ҪҪëӺ
иƨãСӿ϶żӵĹȥŮȥˣǸĲ˳ʺë
ɫ쳣ѿһ˵߶һӲʲô
û׼ܹһˣֻǸʲôëӵĹ̬൱Ĳ⣡  ǰëҵ»˵Ǹ˸ʲô椣ӵ
ڰֵˣСȥɣˣ߶ĸСӰ

߸磬ҡҸղž˵ţǸ憴СӡЩηηĿӡ
أ
ԭһȻ˽ӵĻ֮žһţ
˲䣬ǸӵļһֱһģȻ˵˵ϡ
߸磬ҡ
ʿˮȥʵǳĺǰһ
ʲôңҸ㣬ҪҲǸСӣҾͰǶ⽴ιĿ¶׹⣬ƺ憴˵Ҫһ㣡  ߡ߸磬һֱ벻ͨôôǸ憴Сأ
Ȼʵʵһţ벻ͨ鵽ô£
˿ӵȻҪ֪ҸҲ޷Сӵ·ɴˣ֪ң
Ǹɶ⣿ȻûӶС
ɶ⣿Ҹ㣬һַܹεļ壡ɫת憴ҵԼļңǵʱǾ͵űʬˣ
ô£
Ҳһʲô֪Ҳ̫ˡ
Ȼˣ֮ǰһʼҸʱһ֪ɺһпСĻ񣡣
뵽Ҳ£֮ǰ̫ҰСӷųȥ
СӳҲЩˣŸҰ憴ųȥ׬Ǯ
ΪСӲϳСӶƼݣ֮ǰԲӸˡ
憴˸ˣĻǰСӷ˵ĸǰǰ˿Ҳܸϵġ
ǡô죿һȻëӣֱĽడ
ȥȥëӸչҽҪ֪֪Ҹʲôˡ
һëӣֱӾˣŲ²£ջǳˡ
û  ʵҲ֪µĸͦСġ
ϾȥˣȻûзǼô˶ûʲôϣˣ˻оϣ  ԼˣҪǽ憴˻´Ҳ˵ġ
ߣĵͦʵ
ײ֪ʲôʱѾǵĸǰֻɭȻЦ˿ŶоһĿ¡




346¶˾ĥ
 

ﻧ˷ӵľסأ
׿ЩС˴ĿĵĻ棬˵ĻѾϵĴ
ͽסĵطǽһݻ
ﻧ棬Ȼװ˺ĵطֱһ漣  ׳˸ǰʱռѾǱ
۷ʲô飬˿¶ġ
һص㣬Ǿ۸ʲôϲţֻҪûʲôĶĻǾԲõġ
˭ûͬ͸ҽ
ҲУƽʱŹˣʱ򿴵ݲ˽ʱһ㶼š
һԵĽӱһһֻһ˵ʱҲһ
Ҫ֪ǸɵľǷ飬һҪıһ˵ĻȻ̣Ҳи߰ɣ  ˷ӣǾץס˷ɵ©ԲŻôţ
ӵ䣬һλεذѾǳУ׵Сӣİ֪֪Ǹ߸ĵ̣ʶĹһȥ
׵ϣɱڣ
ֻϧһﻹΪһʲôɫأ  ׿˿ǸӵҸһλᣬشˣҲʹһЩ
ԲġףΪԼһɵӡ
൱֣֪ʲôطðģøһ㡣
˵Ҳ̫ˣҲҸԼţƣ  һʱѾǹȰʧԭأ  һɵһο׵ʱȴԼеذѾʧ  һƣ
ԭӦԼϵذף˿Ѿ͸ŸĽĲʵľذ֮ϡ
໡
ҵʹøһӾ˿ʹԼһֻţҲҶһ£  ˾޴춯صļȴһ㶼֪ʲô
ռ·Ѿ  㡭Ǹ߸磬ˣηηĿףЩǰˡ
֪ðļһʵ̫ˣ  ǺǣʹģһЦȻŽӻ˹ȥ  ǽӲסˣҪŵķǰУɵŬҪ߸緿ŵʱȴŷ·ǿһ㣡
ƾôŤȴŰ˿ûκζļ󣡣
л˵磬ҡҾǸ߸ˣʲôˣ
Ǳŵˣû뵽ʱȻ飡  ߵ˽ӵĸǰȻһź̤ȥ
ǲ  һǹͷѵȥôĴ࣡  
ԼĽţֻоѾǲԼһ㡣
һҵʹϯȫһʵ̫ͻȻ  һ׼ûУ  㣬˷ж೤ʱˣ
׿ʵһǸŬҪεԼϵذףƾôȴͽһ㣡  ÿһεŤǷĵоǹιһĹϣʹȥ  ӵı쳣ʹ࣬ЩΡΡ˵ġ࡭
С˲ϲ˵ѵˣ˵ѵĴǾ˵ʵû׼ûԷ㣡
׵в֮⣬һԵĽӸо  򡭡硭Ҳ֪ʱ˵ѣǰһĻһӾɱԼ  вˣ׵ĺˣ  ܺãûСйҪҸС֤Ҳס׵ĻҪţĽӳ׵ķˡ
йй磬ҰɣԺҲˡ
ӵһ̰Ѵʵȫ˵ˣ
ûУ׵ɫԽԽ
ûûûСӵЩ˸׿ɱ˰Ŀ⣬ŵò˵ˡ
һΣûУ׵ŭýһʧ񣬽ǹ͹һĹ˵ϵ磬Уֻʧ֣ҲҪǵġ
ʧ֣ܺã
׿Žӣ¶һ˿ааЦݡ
ܿ죬ͿӵһѾǱ׵Ľļ̤  ǲǲ
Ǽ죬һԶһҪصĶ֪࣬ˡ
ԭŬҪεԼذ׵ĸ˿̿԰ǵĲб˶Ǻë  ֪ǰһﵽǸʲôģ
Ѿȷˣ˾ԲǳѰģΪӿʼһѰֶû˵
ֳģֻзŭǿһķŭ
Ѿǻ˹ȥȻûѾûһȱˣ  ˵СǶǴģ
ɱһӰ̱˵ϣסĲǵȴλԵйٵз




347¼¿
 

ҡǱ͹ġ
Ķͷȫ亹ݿ־֮в԰Σ  ׵ĳ̫ǸղŵĽӣȫĹͷ飬ûһõġ

û뵽Լոһѣܵ˽̵ĳͷ  ֲ˹
һֻѾŤ˱ΣڿѧķΧ֮ڣһ˿¶һۣ
ߣղѾ˵˱˲ϲƭ˵ˣƭң
ÿ³һ֣͸оΧ¶½˼֣ڵĸ˿˶
Ľŵ»һУֻŲҶֺ
ǽԺĸԺǺģ
ʵܲǰĳоԼҪˣں޲ñ˸Լһ
ʹʵ̫尾ˣ尾ЩҪȥ  һ˻ţȥĻǶȻܵ˼ΪǿҵĴ̼
Ժ
Щ𾪵ĿŸԭΪЩǸ˷Ӻģ׼ȥЩ˷һһš
û뵽һﾹȻʲôԺ˺⸣ԺʲôطǿǹΪ츣ĵط
ѲĵطȻɹ  󣡣  ֱǲ˼鰡
磬ң˱˱ģѵָָһԵıչ񣡣
һȻŸıչ˹ȥ  ΪȥչأҪ֪չһǹġ
һԼܹӽչĻǵʱСӾ֮ˡ
ɽһĻøûаԼͷҧ  䣡
ֻһټıչǰȻֱһȭֱ˱չĹϣ
ֱӴף  Ӷˣϵʹôֱ㶵Ŀţף  һҪǿʲô̶Ȳܹ˵ţư
չôˣ
ִ򿪱չķʽ˭ҪˣֱͲ˰  
׿˿ʵȻ˱Ҫȷһ¡
ͷǡǵġ
ȻĺܲóΪһó֪ԼԶˡ
¼ܶΥʵĽ׶С
׷˵һҳֻǷ˵һҳ֮˵ѾǱ쳣أ  ͯˣû뵽бⷷͯӿɶ飡  ֲ  Ǵ˵֣ٴ˸оģ
״û˵˺ĻɽһѾ˵˲ˡ
ʹͿԿóڵ׵Ǵһʲô״̬֮С
磬Ҵˣ֪ˣ
ղŻţӣû뵽գһ۾ĹѾڵˡ
ˣˣ
΢΢ҡͷԲܷŹģ
֮ǰҪúõĸһѵ֪֪Ҫɲô׵ģ  ׵УһöǳɫĵҩⵤҩɢһƵĵζ
ĵ
ɽΪĥ˵һֵҩöҩһֻĿڲϵ˺ҧš
ⲻµģµĿ»һܣǾˣ
ּ尾ǳµĻһ˵񾭣
ûһܹ˵ıŭܣҲûĳޣ  ǽ죬һɹļԼıŭ֮
ֵĿǲ֪ŵʲô˺ë  Ҫ
Ļδ䣬ͷŵҩǳ۾һı
˲䣬һûȫܿԼ濪ʼıޱȣ  ˲ץԼಿλ޲ðԼͳ
ߣ±Ӽǵˣ
˳ɱ֮֮һ
ղŵǸûиСӷĵԭܼ򵥣һɱ֮ˣ  СӣԺҲֻܹڴˣ  ȻȴʬûκεԺһֱڿ־֮У
״Ÿ˱뿪طδݾߣ
˶ĺӣ֪ҪĽЩӣ  һеĸԴʲôط  ڸղ˵ĸԺû뵽һԺĸԺȻΪǮֶε˵ĵز
Ŀ˲ҪܵƲãҪѡ
ЩԭѾˣû뵽ǾĿ־ʹ࣡  ָ磬Ǵİ
ѿһ˱ĶʱҲƵĿʵ




348ŸгVS
 

˻ѵĳϣ˿ҫ憴
Сδ֪Ķʱǳ˺ģ˿̵憴ƺȴԼķգԵ൱ģ
ղѾǸĿ֪憴һЩ
ң  Ȼ֪⾩ҵǸʲôģӦǺܳġ
ԭǴСȥţ֪˼ԼĸûȨ
Ҫһ飬ǾǸղŸᵽǸ  ЫȻúӵֲ̰ģֱ磡
ָ磬ôˣɫôѿ
ѿ׵ɫѿ˼㣬ҲһǸղָıȻŭɻûӰ  ҫҲһָ磬ҪȻ˰ط˵
ѡҫ죬ȿ˵ɡ
ֱһѽ˱˦ҫͻˡ
ҫЩԺĴ˱֪浽Ǹɶ
˱֮˶ˣ
յģһﻹ˰ֱδţδŰ
ҫղſʱ˶סˣ
ֲ
ⶫɴûСϣһ㶼˵ϣ
ԺļٵİǹԵ֯𾪵Ŀ׵Ҽǵǹµȥأû뵽
Ҳû뵽ϾȻ˵ԡΪǮǾȻڳԼġ
׳  ָʲôҺҫȫ֧㣡ɫҲ
˵֮ǰΪ׵ӣôȫǱǰӰˡ
ˣ׳ҵĵߣ
ָ磬ҪȻͨɵ;ɣ
ѿ׵ϾҪˣʱ򼴱Ǹ̷Ҳһ۵㲻ǣ  ЦһҵȻɱǱɱӵܣ
ҲˣȻڴ׽磬ܶȻҲҪѭߵĹأǲѭؾܹô
һ²ʡһ£ο˾ôˣֱͻ̫ˣ  ҫ˿̷ŭ֪Ѿǽ绰ĸűΪĸ׾Ƿֹ쵼
Ϊигű÷ֹһ飬ֻԼĶͻȻԼﻧҲЩû뵽
ԼĶӼȻ˵кҪ飬׵ȻҲЩǡ
οԼĶڵ绰еȥǳʲôشһ㣡
ط뽭رԶűϵʱֻ˶ʮҵʱ䡣
ҫ죬ôżҹʲôʲô𣿣
űʮ£ȥҲһ쵼ģվǱ߸оЩŭ
ҫ쿴Լĸ׵֣ûɶ°ɣ
Ӧûʲô飬ôˣűʵ
ҴȥطΣҫ컹˸ӣҪԼĸ׿˵ʲô  ҲذףСǡűһԻߵ憴ʵ
ѳ壬СǽͷҪģǿͰˡ

űҲЩƵ˵ȷ൱Ĳ
ԼΪֹĸгֶͯԼѲɲҪ  黹ںء׳
λǣ
űףҲ֪Сӵ˭˵ǹġ
ôԼҲǽеĸгɣôŵһοԼҲøԼһЩӰɣ
ǰ˵ʵЩ尡  ָ֣硭ҫϽ˵ʵָ˵Ļȫǿġ
ΪԼҲ൱  ָͷҲģҪһԼϰĸָ˳ͻôճźأ  Ŷã˵Ͷʽӭӭ
űףȻҲ˵ˣֻû뵽Ȼôᣡ  Ÿгˣֻɸѣײ̲˵
ڵŭѣҪԺĸԺǸʲô
ƽʱĻҫĸ׻ǳĿɽʵû飡  ҫ죬ղ˵Ҫȥʲôطģ
ű˿ףһƢʵЩŹ֣֪ղŷʲô
ȥĶͯԺȥһˣϰ֣ʶһôҫʵ
֪жͯԺĸԺȥʱ򻹱ΪȽߵģӡ󣡣ôˣ
űʵʲô
֪ΪȽߵļһԭôһ̱ͽ
߰ɡ
ͷҲص˳ޱ飡




349ԵĸԺ
 

жͯԺ  ڽнԱȽϵƫƧͯԺڵطĸٴߡ
˿̣ѾϾŵ࣡
³ʱűЩֵʵôԺʲô飿
֣һ֪ˣҫ
СӸһӣűһҫ죬һЩȤ
ȥţɨһȦΧȻ
ţô֪⸣ԺһŰűԺˣطһЩӡġ
׳죬ܹŸг۽Ҳ˵أ
˵Ĭ
űҲЩΣ֪һıվŵǺϣ  ʲô취أĵ˺ϵĻԼλÿ¶ˡ
ܿ죬һȦȻһ۵ĵطͣ
ȥط֪ĻΪդأû뵽߾Ȼиţע⻹ǿ
ѵ൱ĺãɸղߵʱ򣬻ûע⡣
դɫһע⿴ϲ
ţ⸣Ժж죿
һ̣űЩĿƺоһ˿˿ĲԾ
֮ǰڣ˵ıһֱ൱Ĺ졣
ܾȻֱȥţ˵Щ˽ġ
ô£  ű֪һἴҪˣԼˣҲûκε塣
դһűһקǴѾ汻קˣ
൱΢ûзʲô죡
׳С
ĿľǲҪݾߣ֮ǰҫҪԼĸ׵ʱûֹ
һűߣֻҪɱǸĵļһǾǲʲô  ڸһЩͷǿ϶ûκεģ  űܣҪʲô΢˽⸣ԺѲɻ˱ǹԺȣ
ԺȣߣҪǹԺȾͺˣ
˵꣬ǵĳ˹ȥղһԺʱ򣬾Ѿ֪һЩˡ
ܹһЩ΢ĺ
Ժûκεرܹ֮ܵõһˮĵط  ͣűֵʵܣطôˣǸˮˮ֪֮ǰԺ˵Ϊ˱Ϻǵˮȫġ
ˮȫ𣿡
׳ЦһһԵĳȻһ
ڣ  û뵽ˮƳɵˮм侹ȻһˮƳɵſ
˸о𾪵ǣ沢ʲôˮһͨµĽݣ
⡭⵽ԹǸԺ
ҫҲЩһīڵطҪһ˵ĻЩоֲ  űҲһ𾪵ʵ⵽ô£
׿һűЦԺŸгǽҹģ
ۡ
һĿ޺Ĵ뵽˵ĶУ  ˭ں
űϾǹҸɲһܵķӦ
ѳָ磬ҪҪֱӱ
Ƚȥ˵ҿ±Щˡ׳
ܿ죬˾ͳ˹ȥ  ԭ΢ĵƹԽԽ˿мŰ״Ӵſֵڰһкӵ·
дŵȫĮ
ڸʲô
űʶĿǰڵ׻һ㡣
˭
ĶŵͣǸŰ״ӵӿűֵʱг˾֮ɫ  ˭ץźҪʲô
ű˷˵ˣһʵѾ۵ףʱҲǿס֮еıʹ
һƿװ֮ǰֲ٣ΪĿֲѪȡ
űЩ̲סҪȥµһֳ嶯
ߣŸҹŸг·㲻ߣ㴳ͷǸӳ
ʶңȻʶң㻹ңҸ㣬ҵļʻԱ棬ӿҳȥͻᱨġűһ˾֪ͼ졣
Ǳ֮ǰҲͬھ˺ԼĿ֡
򣿣ԭ㣡
űһУǸղΪʲôôҲ֪ˡ
û뵽˾ȻЩԺĺ£Ȼ˽ԽЩӣȡ˺ӵ١
ǰֻ˵û뵽˲Ҿ徵龹ȻͷĹϽ֮£ǷڸԺ  ţֱǺŰ  õǵ㹤ʣôҶӳôһ˹ϲԲȵŸгҪȻһΣ
ʱȻҪű׬Ǯ

׻ͷţѾǳ嵽ǰ棬һȾһţ




350¾Ϣ
 

ŭ𣡣  ˿׵ȭͷڵֱǰ˵ϡ
ǲ  ɲǼ䣬һ죬ٿ˵ѾǱֱӴۣ˳ź̨ײ˹ȥѪ  һԵļ˿׳˹ǱܵԼе׵ĺʹ˹ȥ
Сģܡ
űҲʶĺףЩһ֣֪ȴǵ³ʲô
ʱǲʲôأ
֮ʣ  ׿ˣֱӷֶȡеȻֱһۻҵĵ
˿ڿԭˣǵĸ첲ѾǱ¶˰׹ǡ
ǵ磬ֱǳ뻯
׵ַʵ̫ˣѤĵֱӰű˸ɵˣ
Ϊű쵼ɲĻĿء
ָ磬Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ҫʿˮȻ˿ףû뵽ǰȥСļһȻµȥ֣
ߣЩӣЩʲôأǸǧУҲͷ֮ޣ
׵¶âǱģ˱ҪԼµĥУ  ҵĸ첲ҵĸ첲
˿Լĸ첲˿ǵʹлûһǾͻ᳢˼еζˡ
׿ˣЦһв֪ʲôʱץһѷĩ˹ȥ  ĩɲʲôö  ĵ
ĵֱͨѪҺ˵ڣ
һԵĹ򿴵ǰľҲɵˣ
̫ˣСӵǲ˰  Һ
˲ϵһԵĵԼ֮УԲеı˿ҲЩĲѣ
űǰľɫ˼㣬׵Щ˻ǵȴŷɵƲðɣ
ɣҲǹǣҪľǼ尾
׵ɭޱȣǰˣгĮ֮飡  ܣȻҲǱ߽ӣɱϾǷᣡİ⼸˵ɱˣ㵽ʱ򻹵Ϲ˾ǣ
űЩĵȰοţղôһ˲Ҫļһƴˡ
Ǹǲеģܹ£  һЦˣһ˼һʹζԺôǲҵ飬Ψһܹ֤ľǲɱ
˵꣬һ˦ȥһͨĺĵҩǵҩֱ˹С

űҲǵǵĿףΪôһǲֵõġ
İɣгŵҩˣԺֻҪûÿоǱһһĸһ㣡ȻˣһʮֵĻÿ춼оʵġ
׵ĻһǹɫһʧȥѪɫҪĻǿǱɱܰ  ָ磬⵽ʲôѿǰľеһڶҲǳ˳
ǰѧҽʱһλҽҵģҿ˳۵ˣҲȶˣҵĵߡ
׳Ŀ۳Ĺâ͸ɱ֮  ˾ǲܷɵУʱҲǻˣ
ҡ
׼˵ѾǸоԼǱ˸ȥһһ㣡
һεʹԽԽԲԼͷʼϵڵϹ
ˣͽгˣˣҫʶǸղŵĵطǱһȺ˷ӣкܶҪȵС׳
űӽ쿪ʼһרŵĴС飡жȫеĸԺŲ飬һܣģҹʧְĵطһֲĹ
װڰֵЩֻЩʵ̫Σ˵ʵ鴿ɣû뵽˼ֱ˵˵ĵز
Ѿ˵绰֪ͨоֵ˹ˣʱ永ԱԼص쵼Լ ܵĴ֣űʵҵΰ
׳гҲ̫ˣ㷢طҲǹְɣԲֻйһˣôĶҲһܸġ
Աһϲ鵽ףԹϢűŭһӣ⼸ѾõӦеĳͷ
ǺǣղŸλЩָָһԵļޱ˵
ղʲôղҾͿǼ˷һĻԷȻ֪Էʲôͱˡ
ƺϸղſһУЦЦ憴뿪ط




351ϸɶ
 

״憴ص˽һŹݱ
⽭һŹֻʣ˺±ͺܰ꺭ߡ
֮ǰһֱûлᰲˣڵһᡣ
;βһSCʡ½˾βһء
طĿǰǾԵİȫгŽҲǺѽ
ڼ˾ȳΪӣ˵ڵľβһ壬Ȼ˵ʲôԵķԣȴҲǱȺܶ೬ҪǿϺܶˡ
һɽǿ߲µĴѰҪƣʵ̫̫ˡ
ַԬСһֱQУʱҲûлĴ㣬⵹Ҳʡȥ˺ܶ಻ҪĽˡ
״һС±ͺܰ꺭ҲǱϹϾվһԡ
λǰȥصģȴһֱԣ׽磬Щ͸
Ƕ֪ǰʵӦòܵͣĻôܹ̫ڵִأ
ʵ±ͺܰ꺭Ѿûκεѡ·ˣ
ΨһѺҲֻܹѹ׵ϣ¶̧ͷǾǾɽ˵ʱ  ܰ꺭һû˵Ǿɽɵƽʵĸס
ȻԼǸ˽ӣɳû֮⣬һиеĶˡ
ǰˡܰ꺭ͺ±׵ʱҲǱϹϾġ
׳΢΢ͷţǸ⺢ϴһϴڳȥ·
ǰ⺢ǣ
ЩƵĿףȻǸ֪׷ʲô顣
⺢ӵԺ˵ɣסԺҪǰϾﲻǸط׳
Ϊ憴ĴڣЩʱú֪̫ࡣ
ԭĴ憴ԼߣԼ̫á
憴ԼԵ署ҲԵǲġ
վԼ֪˼ӵлصԼĸߵȨ
壬ⷿӺƯ
憴Ҳ¶˿ĵЦݣȻĻǺܵԼץȥ⺢ӱѾû֮ǰôΨΨŵŵˡ
憴ͷЦŵСú¡Ժǿĺܡ
ܰ꺭һЦŵȻҲ֪׷ʲô飬ӦǰһӰɣ
ͦģô憴رĿɰҿҲͦϲġЦŵ
ָ֡˵ǣʵ˽ľǸԵȻС憴ԵֵĻǵ憴ɵˡ
ܰ꺭¶һ˿Цݣû֮ǰôĽС΢ˡ
ΪǰǰʵͦദģǳĲһϲĸо
Σ֮оԼˣԼҲ˵أ
Ȼʵ͵ȼŮ鰮ⷽȴûʲôˡ
±ҲЦҿҲ԰Сȷͦϲġָ磬أ
ڲúǰˣֱӺ׵ֲ̫ңԶָ硣
⺰ǰ磬˵Ѿռ˲ٵıˣ  ׹һЦҿȥô𣿡
С憴ϲ𣿡ܰ꺭ľ൱Ưʱ򿴵СʱĸԵĹѾʼֳ
֪СӦһ˲׵£Сȷ൱Ŀɰ  ϲϲ塭憴С˵Ļаȴ˸о൱С
ĶԸ𣿡ܰ꺭Цʵ
ԸԸ⣬Ҷ֪Ұ賤ʲôأаְˣְְְ֡
憴Цݣһԥ˵ʵСĸĸѾ֪ˡ
ҲǸԵ֣  憴ȻĺԼְˣ˻һִڶɢϲ֮ƭԼ
憴СһӣҲЦŵӣְִȥİְòã
ҡá憴ҡҡͷǶҪˡ
⵽ô°ָ硭ܰ꺭ҲһᣬȻҲ֮ˣ֮˾ûи
׼Եİ˵һ飬һԵĺ±û뵽طȻҲ飬ħк𣿡
ˣȴ憴ȥϴϴɣԭǴǽ뿪ߣڿչ憴죡׳
뿪ߣָ±ף׳źܰ꺭ŬŬ죬ʾȴ憴ȥϴ衣
ܰ꺭ͷ ׿ź±꺭ȥβһ壬ʱȥҾβһ峤褣Ȼȥɣ
βһ壿;βһҲйϵ±Щ̾Ŀס
ʼβһԺҲŵһ֣꺭ȥúϢ¶̧ͷ֮գһ׵ɽɣһ̫ڵˣ
лˣ
±һǷˣصǰȥʵĲ




352˵Ī
 

º󣡣  憴Ѿǿڱˣڵ͸Сûκε
ΨһûȥϹѧ
յ⽭һŹ֮ļ죬ÿΪƣѭ򽥽
Ϊ⺢֮ǰܵ˲СĴ̼Իÿ϶جΣ
һʱ䣬Ϥĵĵ֮憴ıÿ
±ͺܰ꺭뿪˽һŹȥ˾βһء
³˺憴ˣ֮⣬ָ˺±ͺܰ꺭ˣȻⵤҩٲ˵ġ
µĹ򣬺ܰ꺭ʵ˺ܴĽ
׸ĵҩĹĻ˵ģ¶вʱ䡣
ܰ꺭ʱʵҲ˹Ŀ࿴ģȻˣ±Ҳһġ
ڵűǰҪǿһ֣ٶȵĻԺ̫ǻںˡ
µʱ˵˵Ҳ̣
СӺȻʧ˰£绰Ҳûһ˼һ㣬Ī̸оһż
ȻˣĪ֮⻹ϣŮ˶׵ͻȻʧϰΪˡ
ϣװһµʧоʵ̫ˡ
Ϊ֪׺æ൱æ  ңΪ֮ǰ׺ĪһҲ׸ͽ͡
һﵹһƺ«Ҳѵһ¡
ܶ㣡  Ҫ͵ĻҲڴǽ֮ڽ͡
ְֻ֣ˡ
憴ڼпŵӣӾϢһᣬѵõİһ񾲵ĸо
Ī̲ס˵绰
ʾỊ̄Ҳǽ˵绰Цẉ̂׼绰ء
ʹţɣһ֪㣿ȥ˰ڲڽĪЦŵǰͬѧ˵ڵѧУˣ
㻹˵һ˼ذҪȥһˣҪҪһȥЦʵ
ҡȥһţе顭ĪЩ˼˵
ȥһˣҪȻɣȸȥǣȻҸؼΣ׺ٺһЦ
һؼҸʲôûûģĪһĿģϾŮ  ׹һֵɣ˵ɣ
ϻǸط𣿡Īʵ
ţط˾ˣ˵Ҳ͹˵绰
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һ׼ȥһˣΪе飬绰ˡ
ȻˣʲôҲû˵ĪЩϰµġ
׺ȥҲûʲôԥϾǷǳִƷġ
һ򲽽ִʲôĻҲʲôģΪѾִˡ
뵽ߵĪҲ˫糺
׺憴Ӿˣţò
ΪҪ憴ȥĸž۵ĻľͰ憴ˡ
Ժ憴϶ҲԼĵɽ
µĹ׿ûа׻Ϊ憴ͷǳСкܴĸıռ䡣
һʱ䣬ҲѪ˵憴ĻȻ˵ִʵĳţһҲȲˡ
ڼڵĻδ憴ǰ;Ҳǲġ
˭ôãأ
ĪסĵطȻʮֵϤߵһӾ׵ģҲʶġ
ɵںһСֵʱҲסˡ
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һЦĪ̵Ҳͦ  㡭ЦʲôôЦ𣿡Ī̻Լı֮УЦʱӵˣ  ׹һֵôԴ
˭ĴףӺúôŰɡĪĹĵľ׼뿪
ʱѾǴ憴ӾأԵĪǰĵ·Цẉ̂




353Ҫ
 

һŹݣ  Ī̿׵ЦݣҲһʧ䣬һﾹȻжˣ
ң
ʵҲӵˣôھжأ  ǰ憴ѾˣײŶҲϳ  ΪĪʮֵںףзңᡣ
ˣ
ĪЩɻĿףҲȼһ˿ϣ
װ˵һ飬ȻҪǿСͦͶԵģԾ˸ɶӣ
ɶӰĪһҲǲһˣ憴ЦŵСð̱
憴Щˣ˳ķǳƯ
ʱѾЩӦڵ˺±ͺܰ꺭ˣ˻ǷǳĽš
ЦŵСͦɰģ
ϾȻ˲̵һȺ˴ڣӦͳͳǹвŶԣĪҲߵ˵
һͬĵˣֻղ׵ĻЩʧѡ
ľ֮ҲǷŭѡ
Ǹ֮ǶƵסԼĵķġ
Сһ׶εҲǿ˲٣׼ȥһ棬˳һĸ
׿Ī̳֮ʵҲЩᡣ
Ī̿װοûµģСҲġ
憴׵ĻͻȻҲҪҰְ裬ҾҪְְ֡
ԣС
ױ憴ĸͷеҲ쳣İο
ԼҲû뵽һСȻܹЩɽĸо
Ī̿׵ִ磬ղ˵ȥǣ
ǵģ֮ǰѾ֪СļӦþھǣ黹Цŵ
ĻӦǴ˵ģңȻ֪⾩ҵǸʲôģ
ⷶΧѾСĲСˣ
ϢҲ憴ĸĻôҲǾԼûڻȥˡ
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׿Ī̵ţȥǣ֮ǰ㲻˵ҪϼҵҪȻһȥ֮Ȼٻϼһˣ
ţҶԵġĪмܹһоǳĿġ
ˣȻǸӵĿˣ
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⡭⵹ǵģǰһûмٶ⳵˿ôʱˣ
ҲЦʵ֪ܿ϶ǲȱǮģֻоЩƵǣôõĳãܾȻҪԼˡ
ĪԭĲ֪ǮҲ֪ˣһҲ֪жǮء
ȻˣĪ̾ΪǮϲ׵ģϲľ׵ζ͵
⳵һǻٶˣԼˡЦŵ
ʼܣȻѾ˵Ļȥ4S꿴
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Ī̿׵ҪеĻǾ𳵰ɣɻҲ԰ǲ̫˷˰
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ЦʵʲôƷƱȽϵĺá
ܣ֪ҪʲôƷƵĳ˹˹ǵͶһЩıۻ߱
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ҪĻô˹˹ȸ߶˲Ʒܵۡ
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ɶ⣿ܣᶺذɣһô˵Ҳһ
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Ī̵Цŵִ磬û뵽㻹ͦģֹ֧Ҿͦõġ
ǰɣǺǣǾȥ¶һ˿Цݡ
һƣҲûа취˼ܾϲһڣԼҲûˣ  ѾˣҲִֻܹܵ˼ˣٶܵߣǾΪ˸ṩġ




354ò
 

4S꣡
ڽפʮ4Sߣǽ֮һ
˰ѳͣ˳4Sߣûױ憴ȻĪ4S档
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ҪǣѾԼļطΧ֮ڣ憴߶ġ
Сְָȥòð׿憴Цŵ
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΢΢һЦǳ4SΪһˡ




355憴
 

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Ҫ֪ǮʱҪעҲԼϰ壬Լѳ֮ҲǴˣ
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û뵽ոô룬ͳ飡




356¸ң
 

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ߵǸСصļʻԱǰ˿һҲһӵĻ
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׿¶һ˿ɫ
ǡǡ
صļʻԱоԼĸ첲ѾˣԭŵĺܣѾǲòˡ
󣡣
һѾһ߸˹
ܣ⡭ô°Ҹղڳ׼һš
ҲǿӵΧΧôˣҲһ³ʲô飬Ծ͸Ͻˡ
Ұ⳵ˣ
׵ĻȻ󣬿˵Ķըһ㡣
ұ
ڵӾ浹ݹȴûС
ûпŶεģҪ֪һĳ
˵Ҿˣ²̫ܰɣ  ܣˣ
Ҳԥһ£ȻѾˣҪȷһ¡
һҪˣùԼô  ң
ıQ֣ȴסڳˡ
һһﾹȻҪԼĳҲһ
ܿͻع㡭С־ˣҵҪ·ɡ
˾һѣ˵Ҿˣ
˿԰
ʱԼÿԻһ³⳵˿ˣԼҲЩˡ
ղӵ꣬һͺգǳŽһŰ
ԼԺǮˣԼҲװһװ  ֻǸʵ̫ˣһÿ¾Լһˡ
ȻǮֳȴģһ׬ˣҲֻܹĽĽֳˡ
̫嶯
ͻȻҲ֪ԼӦȰλΪĻԼĹͶˡ
һʵǿ߸ղǸˣľЩ̫۸ˡ
׿˿ͻۣ΢΢ͷû£ûʲôϵлл㣡
ŮӡǺܲģ˼ҲĲǣ
ܶʱ򣬻϶ǽͷݡ
ͻ̸ۣʰû뵽ʱͻ۾ȻⲻǻϽ
ܣƾʲôֻȰ˶ѡ
ͻۿ龹Ȼô˵˵ĻҲǴڱ֮С
һԵĿ˿ͻ۵ǣһÿģ




357
 

ֱܵĸǰⱦŸˡ
ţһºĿȻܵһﱦĺ䴦
ÿһĺ涼һƽʱûжá
ʱȴΪ
ۣ  һֻⱦĺѾǱҳһӣ
˿һľİö˶˵һոµĳû뵽Ȼıˣ
ֵǲ´ģǿǰĳҲǼ  ۡ
һҵʱ΢Щţڶ֮Ҳͷ
˵ˣнˮƽһҲǲԵ顣
һѾˣԥʲôأ
ܿ죬Ѿûԭӣȡ֮ĿĲģ  ˵ɫ˼㣬ôĿųÿһ£оԼǱһ¡
ڵȴȴһѳ꣡  ˣܡ
ҲԼĽҳû뵽Ҳһ黹൱ˬ
㡭㾹Ȼҵĳ̸ұ
˴Щ˿ɲʲô֣ܵΨһһܴСأڻ׵С
Ҫķ˳ͻĻԼ걻ɫͿյˣôܹ˼ҵĶأ  ҸղǸҳˣȥƺҲޱȣ  ڵȽϻСӹԼ֪Ҫס棬ǾͱҪ  Ѿˣ
ڸղҳһ˲䣬ѾǱˣߵרŵľ񴦡
õ˼񾯻  Ȼû֮Ѿ񾯿һߣ  ³ʱҲǸоһľ㵣  ղ˵ǣӵ£Ǿ͸Ϲˣɵǹʱȴ鲢ô򵥣  һȻˣ⻹
˭ľһ꼶Դ񾯿Χ˵
鿴̵٣ұľ
ܣ⵽ô°ٿʵ
ʼ֮ǰܺʲôܹ򳵣ȻͬʱٺܵĶӰɳӸŪܵĳϣܵļʻԱСĳһ⣬˾ȻֱӰܵıˣǿǲĳ
ΪôͰѳˣٿ˿ʵ
ҶҲô£ĳģҪǰӣˡ
ôĿЦһȻתһԵ˵ܣ⳵Ǯ
·һٰʮ򣡣ΪԺ˵ͷֳǿɶ
ô󰡣ʵҲ׵ܵĳǰɣǸǵһ£һٰʮܵĳɺͽĻǾͲ׷ˣ
ʵҲǶһ²һ£ղȻڿҪ׸һˣҲŻŻѡ
ֻǱŻô
ǲһٰʮҳ˽ˣ׿źٳʵ
ٿ˿ˣЦһСӣҪóһٰʮҾͲ׷ˣ
׿˿̵ͷȻܣֽ𣿡
ֽϺǺܶˣҪȻȥʵ
Ĳ֪浽жٵǮˣ֮ǰ׵һЩǮ
жҲ֪ĻҲνʱֱˢҲˣ  ǣӵ꣬ʱˢת൱ķ㣡  ׵ͷһԵ憴һֱı׵ĸ첲ǵ˶ô׵ʱǱĺܽˡ
Ī̿˿ףЩǵ˵ղ㲻Ӧô嶯ģⲻǾɳһ³һ𣿡
Ī̵ĸ첲΢΢һЦøղǸŮȵһ¡
ţ֪ˡ
ĪԵúܹɣղǸŮΪǳͷˡ
Ҳһߣô˵ҲǷˡ
ܶ˶ǿķ򣬱ϾСȥǮģ˵˿ܹóһٶ  ţóһĻֵд  мһ˵ʱȴһĺѾǿˣ
ʮ׵ʱѾǰ˺䣡  Ǹڳʱע⵽ˣ۸߶ϵͺռǿߣ֣
Щ˲֪⳵ͺƷпˣ϶˵ġ
һɲԤ˲ˣԭϵֻѩѾǵ˵ϣ




358ʧ
 

˵һֱΣĲ뿴һֱͺնȥ  ԽǲҪ飬Խ׷  ˵ע֮£ߵĸǰź䡣
Լĳ  ӵ꣬ĿǰΪһ¾ͺˡ
ȻˣҲһЩܳżطǱϾǳܣݣ
һΪûǮأû뵽˼ҵݾȻͺգ
ͺҲֺöֵĺòãͺǿǵüĺ
ǰһǧĳǿɲʲô˶ģ
ղһ˼Ϊ嶯ڿ̫Ǯ˰
µ˷ֿʼıˣԭûǮЩˣѾǵת˷ͷˡ
ʿˮӵݵǸ˵Ļǿ²Լܹİ
Ҳǵɴ۾ǰһУղΪǸ
û뵽ĽȻλòӣ޲ԼӰ  ΪһʵǸӵԱߣȻӵ˵ľɫûԼһ롣
Ѱܹȣϣ̣סŮ
ںѾˣѾǵ·Ĵˡ
Ҳһǹ֪ܲ
׻˵úãûгԹ⣬ûм
ͺ֣ʱ򻹸һԵûмʶľٽš
û뵽Ȼǵ˵ģ  ղҳûǮûǮĻֱӾץˣ
ҳӰǳĻ
ʱĴĻʱֳʲôǿԼ²
Ȼ֪ܵ˭֪һǮ˭ʶ쵼أ  һ쵼øԼ쵼ʶǵùľԼô
һɫƤ˹ղһ滹ֽ𣡣  Ծֱˣòڴȥˡ
Դ˻ٶ֮ǮĲô£ΪٶǮˮһ㣡
ܣ滹ùЦŵ
ֱӽ˦˵ĸǰȻ򣬹ô
ˡ
ԭһŰˣ˿ѾǸ͹һĶ׵
ǰɣĳ𣿡ʵ
ûûңң
˸֪ǰ˵·Ǽǲ֪ǰ˵·˼ҿĺҲ൱ţƣ  Щ׬һЩǮ˶κ˶оһȣ  ڵԸĿһУ
֪ţƵģУֻҪĳûõģǶǻûõġ
ҲΪʲôղ򳤳ǣȣʱһԭ  ڣ׵֮ˣ  ܣȻҲƽˣô˰ɣٿܹƽ͵ĽҲһ
š׿˿ǸٳҳǽˣҶӵûôˣ
ӣǱߣʵ֮ǰҲˣûеһ¡
ڿǮˣ֪˿϶ǲưոݵˣ
ļʻԱҶһơ׳
˵һӿĭ֡ܣСҲǹġ
ҲģȻˣǾҪ˺ܽЦһ
ܡ˵ѾйƤһƾô˵ˡ
򡭡΢΢һЦ˵ʵ۸ͦ˵ġ
򣿣
˵һʹû뵽һ￪ھȻôĺݡ
ǵ˵Լĳˣ⻹óǣ  ˵ҺܽѡԸġЦһĻܾʣ
ܣǲ̫ˣҡҡ
׵в˶ˣ˿һĳ鴤Ϊ˸Сһûˣ  İ
ʱ˶ܾȻԼĿڴͳֻ
Ҳһ
Ѳʶʲôţ
˵лһ˿˿Ļ룬ϣ˲һţˡ
˵绰˻ѣһڽǺʵġ
ܿ죬Ѿ׵˼ûþͲ鵽˵˭
ԭһǿģרΪѵһӦġ
˿״绰Ҳǿһ£ʱĵ绰Ѿˣ




359ûƢϰ
 

ιá
绰һĿĲүܰ  յӦ̵ģһǳġ
Ϊһ⣬ÿǿǼĽ˵ҵ֧žǺܵˡ
ϹΪܹ׬ǮȻģ  Ϊ˸һЩԱŪһЩġ
µԱҲûж٣һʮˡ
ʮˣÿΪ˼󰡣ΪסһЩһҲѪ
ԭҪ߰ĳ˼˼̨ȥһ
һЩһЩͬǩ΢һЩҲΪ˴̼ЩɻԱ
ʮ򣬵ʱﵽЧ¾ͲǼʮܹȵˡ
һ֪ԱĽһĻʱҲʹȥˡ
˷ǳľɽȴǳĲá
µʻԱҪһС
С˵˻ٶС˲ʡİٶʲô㲻֪𣿡
һİ̾ȻҲ൱Ϊѡ
µǿȫһĵ  ĻԴ˹µĻ˵ģÿ۶ٷ֮ʮϡ
ٷ֮ʮʲô൱˾һ۶ˡ
Ȼٷ֮ʮҲڿ˾˴ӪɱأҪٷ֮ʮ󣬻ҲǸҵƽ
䲻ԵѴ绰ûһ˵Ӧ̵ʱҲ
ܣҡʲôʱٶ˰ԡθӴٶĴﰡ
һʱ仹ûзӦĹǻٶȻ֪ġ
µٶǿһһĴţ˰  ԼҪǵ˻ٶǸʲôأ
˵䲻ĻǻٶֱӹԼӣҲֻܹĬĬܣ  ̸ʲôٶˣǲܵ飡
ߣܰܣȻҲ֪ڵ׷ʲôǸղŻٶԸҴ绰˵ĻٶôܸҴ绰أȰһ䣬Ͻ˴кɣҪȻҿ϶ǲٸˣ
û˵͹˵绰ⶫɲġ
Ը˸˦ҲԲȥðԼƲķյѵġ
һѣǾ͵ǵµʱԼĻ·  ˼ʮĿյ⣬Ȼ֪Ҫˣ
ûеطȥѲԼԼĶڴȥɣ
ŵ绰ͷཱུǱߣ̧ܿͷ׿˿
ղų֮⣬û˸˵绰
Ѳ
ĻǾ̫ˣ
ٶѣҿͺ֣ǵʲô˰  ղ˸ٶ˵ʱӸѻ߶ֵһ㡣
ҪĻԼߵ
֡ܡ
Щ飬Ҳ飬Ѿǽ
Ҫʧȥ˺ӦĻܿĳӿ¾ͳŲȥˡ
Ǿ͸ӲҪ̸ȥɵʲôˣ  ߣײĲᣡһһԵ˶ǿ֡
˶ղһĻɣ϶ǸǰžԵĹϵ
ܣʶٶ˵Ӷ޳ˡ
Цһʶʶʲôϵ֪ܿҪùˣ
ܣҴˡ
ͨһ£
˾Ȼֱ׵ĸǰˣɥ֮Ȯһ㡣
ҪӣڸҪӰ  ΪŲתķչչȥĻǵҲֻܹϢˡ
֪ˣղҲûиᣡ׳
һԵĪ̿㣬ҲЩͬķĵ˵ҪȻ˰ɣ
һֲ٣תΣҲǷӦˡ
˼ҸղνǲǮ
׿˿Ī̵Ĳֵͬ顭
˴ȻСҲҲǲתʵĪ̾һ
ߣ󣬸ȥǮҪһ£
ҲЦһĪ̵Ȱ棬Ī̵Ļ˵˿¾Ҫҵˡ
ͷӦǣǸڸϲѣ
ߵߵľ͸뿪طһԵĺҲǱǰľˡ
⳵ӱˣȻ¸˵ǸˣϣҲʧܰ
ױ憴ȻһԵͻۿ˿С㣬鷳һ³
ܣ
鿴ףҲߵ׵ĸǰҪΪ׷һ¡

ͷҲصĸͻ۽˳ǣӵ꣡
һ±Ƶڷҡ




360Ľͻ
 

ǣӵУ  ղŵӼˣǰһ̻ףһѾվߡ
ٳμǣ
һչ¶ţֻϧ˿̵ȴף  Ϊľֱɫһˣڸղͻ۵ŮӡǷǳĲ
Ѿλˣ˼ҪȻҸ˰Ūɣ
ͻҲЩĻ䣬λȻãѾܡ
ȻղܴɱķҲǷǳĽɱϾ˼ңҲû˼ôţ
ҵһˣΪҰĹӰ˻ǲ˼ʼ翴ͻ۵
׵ǸҲǺڲ
Լ۲ʶ񰡣˼ôϰߣȻûп
ȥСϰհǰģں޲øԼӡ
ͻ۵ĻȥСղǸ㿪ЦģôԱôܿأʽΪž
ţļٵİ
ͻû뵽Ȼĺ£һת۵ĹѾǽžˣ  ̵˵Ļм𰡣нʮ򣡣ˡ
ҡ
ͻ۸ղѾ¶Ҫ뿪оĵĵطˡ
ʮнһԥϾ꣬Ҳ֪⹤ǳĲҡ
С㣬һҹ˾ոճĿǰҲҪ֪֡ûȤ
׸ܵĺ⣬˼ֱһǽͷݡ
ȫĳԼղŤתǬĻںпܱ˲ڽŵˡ
ܣ𣿡
ͻۿҲЦйĻǶʮнΣ
ųһ죬ԼᱻܸģͳŽԼƸˣ֪˾ԲһƲ硣
˼ܻһ𣿾Բܵģ
ȥһȽֱĹ˾ԼõǮҲȲ
ȻģղôˣһΪ˵Һܸл㣡
׵ô˵˶ǵͷ
ǵıͦģȥ˵Ļǻû¡
⡭ӦģҲǸ˱Ƚ϶ģ
ͻۻʵʵ˵ղȷǾǸ൱Ķģɫ  ɣǹ¼Żѻٶĵ绰ʱֱӸϵˡ˵ҵ˼ᰲźõġСӸ㿪нʮĻͱˡ
ҲЦǮ˵Ĳʲô⡣
οŮΪֱ۷澭ӦҲǲġ
ʱ΢һ£ҲܹΪг͵˲ţֶΪأ
Ϊ
飬ܶʱ򿴵ľ飬ҪǶƢĺĵġ
ӲҪװĻùʮа˾žǱˣ  ʮ򣿣
ͻһʼûŹܱ߸ߣһʮ֮˽һ㡣
Ҫ֪ЩΪ˽ҲţϾѽҲûС
Ȼܹ֮Ϊ飬Ҳˣ  нʮĻٹʲôˡ
һҲ˵ģ͸ղ˼ƣڼ¼ŵĻٶʮЩ˵Ǿţһëֵһɣ  ʮڵͻ˵Ǽֱѩ̿  ΧһĽͼʵı飬ЩѾǺڲˡ
ҪǸղ˭ܹվ˵仰Ļڿĺ¾ֵˣ
һȻĿףԭҪͨͻλùϵ
û뵽ֱӾͱ˶ˣ
ղǰ˶ǰ׵ĻǽͲһˡ
ڵ޲ʱܹźãҪһεĻԲͬѡˣ  鷢ˣǺڣʲôأ
ͺƱĽˣȥ֪־ܹһ
ûκεĺҩԳԣ
ȻˣǺǣ㲻ңѲɻŻٶ𣿡Цŵɣ绰ʱʲôĻֱӴҵ绰˵˵ġ
ʮ򣬶ڻ˵ֱëë꣡  ͻȥ˵ҲĴ绰ȷϵġ
Ϊ֪׹ϵ˱ûм
˵ˣͷ˸ܵѵͷȥƭ
³Ī̺憴ͻ뿪˳ǣӵꡣ
ͻ۵ȥıӰ˶ǳĬǴĳʵ̫ˡ




361¾
 

ͻ۴˷ܵ뿪4S꣬˵ǵһ졣
֪ӽ쿪ʼԼѾǸıˣ
׵˻صԼסĪԭ׼ʰһ¶ߵģ׷ˡ
ڵﻹ򲻵·ʲôȫûҪڻѧУһʰˡ
ʵҪĻΪϾѧУʱûϵϣԼҲûȥ˾ϹΡ
ҪȵʵĻڸϰˡ
ȥһ˾ǣ憴ʧ˼ˣžҵҲ൱Ľġ
׿ĳͳžǵķˡ
ң  ʵϣ⾩ԭǷǳĳزҵĲҲþұȵ𣡣  ԭǴ·زģ˥ܹһ󣬲žǷ۽ʽĴҲǲϵŹģ
ΪҵԽԽãҲúܶྩǵŴҡ
ҵүʮˣΪҵһĿߣҲǷǳĴƴ
үΨһĶԣҲĳ
⼸ȴ֣Ϊ憴ˣ  憴ոѧ·ʱһ憴ĸԺԼĸ׽۴憴ȥ̳ˣ
ɵһʱȴԼոջ·ĶѾʧȺ֮С
憴ͽǷһȥԼĶӣȻûκεټ
ǵȡ̳ļ¼񣬷һѼñӽԼĶӸˡ
˶ˣ  ΪѰ憴Һķ˴֮ǾǴһ㡣
һֱҲûжĶ  鷿֮У  憴Լ׵Ķ棬⼸ΪܵӰ죬ҲԵЩǷϡ
ڼԼŽΪܵĴ̼ʼջϺӣҵ鶼Ƿǳĺá
C42ļ۶٣
һϵ鶼ʼĽԼˡ
ӶˣѲɾԼĶӺͶϱȻǵģ
鷢֮Ҳڱ֮С
ŪһȥΪүүôܲأ  үҲһ첻һ죬ϣԼĶܹӰࡣ
ΪԼ״̬ʵЩǡ
Գ֣صļʮңյĳɽۿԶԶֹ
˾Ŀǰжٵֽʵ
ϻʮҵʽ𣬵ʱзӦÿŪٵĴɡ
⼸һֱǻججܶʱԼĹԼ 
ûĻ˶ˣ  C42أҵķչشһʧܣҾͺѶɽˡ
Ŀǰľһҹ˾֣ҲӦ֪ҹ˾ĵϸɣԳ
ߣǲǹͷһҹ˾ѣɽＯǰɣʵ
ҵǺҵ˵Ǳռ˺ܴĹɷݡҵʵ൱ǿǶҲ֪Ϊʲôˣ
ҲЩ벻ͨ˵Ϊʲôᶢأ
ߣҵλǨ˵𣿡ʵ
еڿܶķһεİǨϾ̺ƴC42ϻ̫ߵĴۿҲֵð
ԵᣬһϣȷҪĳԶĶࡣ
֪ɽＯΪʲôҪ𣿡ʵ
˵ɽＯŵϼٶǶ鴨һкı
ԵҲʲô֪ٶھ֣˽ĻǺ͸ġ
Ƕ۹ⶾĺܣĶ鴨ǿǱҵʡ̹רҵɼҲǼΪ죬˵ǿܻԿ𣿡
ԼЩʱ۹ⲢһҪԼģҲԽ˵ġ
ߣǶӸûʲôǮֻǵıѣԳҪɽＯžĻ¡
Ҫ㵣ģѾϵˣʱĻ֧ǵġҪǺúõ׼һεᣡ
õģף΢΢ͷ׼˳ķ䣬һµС԰СĶûжأ
֣۵һֱôãҲ֪ԴС뿪֮ľ״̬һ첻һ졭
һᵽʱԭЩ߰ɫһӾ
Զʹ
ԼĶӻԼߵĻǽǶôĵһأ




362ǼҺҵ
 

鷿֮У  ԵɫѾ൱ѿÿһᵽʱз·У
ÿһεἰ൱ڶһ˺  Ϊ飬Ž۲һ㶼ѡɱ
һԼĺӣ˶ûпס˼ҹ֮Ҳûҵ
Ϊ˸ĸģǿ϶ˣ

͸һʧ֮ɫҲƵĺܡ
ҾȻֺ˵ľ棬Ϊһִƴ˵ܸоȱʲô
Լӵ˼Ҳսݣ  񿴵ǿǱһʮҪϲ١
֣Բ𣬶ΪҡһεĸԼĸ׵ǸȻ֪е뷨
ôأѾɣûκصأҲҪ˴һЩϣ
Լ״ѾӦˡ
СȥˣĿǰҲûʲôչ֪˭͵СҶҪʬΡ
˸ɱʲôܹһ˶ŭ  ȻǴʹķŭŻһǵ˱˵Ĳǣ
ˣ
鷿ű죬Щͳʵ˭
涭һλҪһֱƴˣܽΪĹܼҺ
˵һҲһ
ܽ˽ȻЦŵ涭ܡ
壬ͲҪôˡԿܽҲǼһ˿Цݵ
Ǵζƿһ㣬ζֻԼܹ֪
ղ˵ңʲôˣʵ
ˣеĳһ㣬ŮĵǳĺƯӦǷһһͦɰС
ܽ⼸·ǿȥǻˡ
ʶ𣿡ܽʵʶĻǾͲҪǽˣҪʲôĻȥ˾ң
ǣ涭ܽ΢΢һЦ
Ǻǣ涭֮Щ̫ðɡ
ܽ׼˳ȥʱѾǴĪ̻憴˽
㡭˭
˶һԱܵվԼĸǰ棬һܽŵӡ
ɵߵǸСʱ˶סˡ
Լ۾ǰСЩʧ
ְ֣¡
憴ԵӣҲŵö׵ߡ
֪λôҼкιɰ
ϾǼˣȲ֮ԼļУҲǴ䲻
ԭҪ涭ٻҹ涭϶ǲӭ֮ͣҾֱӽˣ
׵Ҳһ㶼ûпʵ̫ˡ
Ϊ˱ͷǳ٣ھȦȽģҲôˡ
ټ˭ҶʧСһʻʳˣ  ַҲǻ˼ṩԼģ׾ֱط
һԵԿ憴ʱܵΪԼĶӣΪԼųʵ̫ˡ
ɵ憴׽г˰ְֵʱ˼һ㣡
һָոȼϣͱĶɱһֱ
˼ҵСԵֱˣҲһɰĶӵģֻǱԼŪˡ
ߣλǲԼ˰˵ɣʲôʵ
׿ЦЦȻ˵Ҷһӣ
ʲô
ȻԼҲᣬҲûôֱӵᣬѾ涨ԼûԲܹᶪ顣
ִ磬ͲҪڸ˼ҿЦ˰ĪףȻ涭ʵһΪ˸һϢǼҵĺҵˣ
ʲô
˴Ī۾ֱˣ
һԵԸǳĪ̵ķ˾˹ȥֱӸĪ̶˵λС㣬֪Ҷӵ䣿ңܶǮֻҪ˵
ҡҲҪǮ
ĪҲǱǵľٶһŹԼǰһЩ֪ˡ
λղҵ̬⣬鷳ңҵӵҶȻл
ɲŵˣɸղһ˲оԼ˶ѪҺ٣ϳֺٻֵĳ֮ɫ
ԼҵˣĻǶ˵һĺϢ
һ͵ļϣϣǼٵġ




363¼
 

鷿ڣոо൱Ĺ죡  ܽ׵˳λСү䣬鷳Ǹһ£֪Ǽ涭⼸ꡭ
ܽҲˮķҼǻԵĴ
Сүĸ׻ڴϣѾˣ
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ΪұϸĻСĸ׶֪˶ٻˡ
׿˿ˣǾͲõСôĿ࣬СӦþİְֺүүˡ
С
ղſ憴ʱҲһ˿ϤĸоΪСЩԼĶϱ
ԵĸоԣǸղ憴װְֵĻѾȷԼĶˡ
¡
憴ﾭĳ棬֮пֻôһְˡ
ˣǲϤˣܵпܸУ
ֱӹԼӵĸǰһѱסԼĶӣ˺
һеͷţΪһˣһֱֵڡ
ûˣű޷ܵʹ࣡  ǮôЩԲǽǮԺĶ
˿̣ǽ⼸г׵ı˳ӣҲǵᣡ  ԼӾԼĸǰҲǻĳ憴˹ȥ
԰憴ŪˣҲǳ㣬źӡ
Сүүүү¶һ˿΢Ц憴ƺô¡
׿˿憴С¡ְأְֺүүûµģ
ҪҲҪҾҪְһˡ
憴ԥһ£ǻص׵ߣǲܹʵ
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ˡ
һιˣ˵жϥлƽ𣬿һҲܲôˡ
ܽȻ˳ȥΪ֪ڸʺڳʱ  Ҳǲ˲ԼȻ֪˹գ
Ҳ̸ϣȻ˵憴ǼҵģҲҰְ֣ǻأЦŵҽףĪ̡
ԺҵˣȻҲզΣھǵҲЩӵģ
ҲЦ˰ԼӴʲôĿģ˼ұϾԼӵľ˲ǣ  ԼӸǾԼһˣ  Ҳ˶һǰеƺɢˡ
Цŵʵ˵ʵС⺢ӴֿɰҲǺ᲻ãʼ֪Լĸͼ˵Ȩ
˵ˣԳԺԵĶˣҵĶˣ
С
̸֮ʣһͷɢŮӳ˽
˲Ǳˣ憴ĸ׽ۡ
ղܽ˵憴ʱ򣬽ЬӶûдֱӾ˹
Ƿһĳ˽ǰԼСʱ˸оˣ  Բ㣬Բ㡭
һӾͰ憴ӵ˻УӿȥҪ۾жۣ
ĸΰ󣬾ڴˣ  ʵϽҲ֪Լһԭ򣬿ɸԭȴ˷ӵĽթ  ΪһĸףʼնԼ֮У
Ȼ˵憴֮ĴݲУͽۺ⾫ϵĥ˿κˡ
憴ͷɢŮˣȻûк£İѽ۸סˡ
ΪоһϤĸоָоҪȴǳȻ  ӵһʱһԵĪ̶̲סĨᣡ
ͨ
憴Լĸ׵ʱȴֽ۵ɫһף˻˹ȥ˵ذ֮ϣ
ۣۡ
һԼžȻʱʹȥˣҲһ
ɱϲ±˱磬Ǿ͵òʧˣ  ЩԼųܵʹѲɲ֪  衭
憴Լĸˤȥ֮ܵĺһ  һҪĻжĻˣ  ôˣʱ޿̲ԼĶܹУԼĸǰôһ䣡
СԣϽ绰ȻҲһĳ˵ĻǶҾǳصĴ  ҿɡ
һʱ״˳




364øĽ
 

ЩĿף
ղžʱû뵽׾ȻҪ˵  ѲļһﾹȻεļȣ  ʹȥˣһҪһ
ԿԼ൱ۣһҵôһĻҪˣ  ҵӵϲ֮飬˷ǳĿǲ
ŵĻһ㣬Ǿǲּܹ  ׻û˵һԵ憴Ѿ˵׼ô˵ְ֣ҵȶҲǰְκõء
ʲôСȶˣ
۾ˣղΪʵ̫ҲûѯЩ
ȻԼĶôһ˵оһͷĿѣ
ԼĶܵ˲֪˵裬뵽˾ЩƲסĲ
ҲǳʵСôˣ
׿˿涭ҿȸС迴ɣ
ŶŶŶû뵽ôᾹȻҽҲ̳׵ͷ
ص㣬صСڻԲ𣿡΢΢һЦ
ǡǾ鷳ˡ
һǷĵһֵлˡ
ʵÿ֪۵ʲôԭʵˣֻҪӡ
״ս֮󷭿˽۵ƤȻŽ۵Ѱ֮ʳӪټϾήңѪ飬ղΪܵ˹ȵĴ̼Ȼˣ
Ȼҽ۵ȷǾԵĳԲ·Ҿ㱵ĺܡ̵
ʧ֮ʹȷǳʹ࣡׳õģúõһ¾ͺˣ
ڻڻ֮С
Ȼô˵ЩɿԼɫҰףһڻ֮УҲѵġ
һҪǳ˵ʲôĻʱԼ׷Ī
׿ԵһҸһҩ裬ܿͻѹˣ
һҲøˣȻ֮ǰѾڵ߰˰ˣ׵ĳȴı
׸õģǿ֮˿ŶЩ۲ĵҩ
״ԼĿڴͳһɫҩ⵹һԵЩա
ҩƽʱǷڿڴ
ʱٶʣҲʳˣ
۷µҩ֮󣬽˼ӵĹɫѾʼ
һĵһ鲢ȥлκˣǽıסԼĶ憴
憴ҲǱŽۣ˿̵ĳΪ֮ݣ  һӵý⼸һɨգȡ֮һЦݡ
ҲǴȥסһͷʹޣȳ漴׿ҲЩд
һδ憴ˣֳ˲̴ţ  ˴Լң԰ѽ۷ȻۣǵĶˣ
ͨһ¹˵ϣסĸ׿ͷ  ΢΢һЦѽ۲ֺαظҿ˵Ҳ憴ĸɰְ֣ղ˵ģҲǰҵ˰ɣ
ЦŵҪȻǿò裿̫ˣǼСʧãͷӾڱۣҲԹ޻ˣ
үǿЦˣ壬ڻʮһⶼûаЦŵ
ʵҲ֪үӵ岢Ǻܺãڣһж⡣
ԭʶļˣȴһ̸ⲻò˵Ԥˡ
Ȼˣҵ˶Ϊ׸ռ˱ˣⲻ֪ռű˵ǲŶԡ
׽֮ǰ΢Ľһ飬ѾǺֱð
ﹷ飬Ҿȥƽǡ˵Ҳ
һԵĽû뵽ڽȻûĵˣһ憴⹫˼ҿ϶Ϊָ˵ġ
Ǻǣƽʱ˵Ļĸ׵ȷҲЦŵ
˵ĸӦǴˣЦʵ
ԭ뵣ҪְȥJLʡʡίѾʱˡҲΪԺ
JLʡĪЩȵĿʵ
ĪѲҲǶˣЦʵ
Ī΢΢һЦû뵽JLʡĸĸپȻС⹫Ǻأ
ҲǹһЦɵ黹ͦడ
ַˣԺJLʡʲô飬ֱӴ绰Ҹ׾ˣҸ׵ĵ绰
ڰ׺Ī̷ڼϸղ׸Сˬ˻Ҫˡ
Ҳƴǵľ绰ʶˣҲٲٲٵĲǣ




365¾ܾ
 

ң  ˺׵ĵ˽ҹӣҪǵڶĻ»ȥ
ڶһ磬憴ѹˣһҹᵽʲôĸ  һֱεıԼ˯һַǳ̤ʵĸо
˵ĸģ˵ĻûдģȷĸĵһָоôС憴ҲܹĸоóͻȻֵԼİ
Ҫȥģ
Ȼɢ˲ʧȥ
Сүү
ڶһѾװͦվ憴ĸǰ
׵Ŀͽһҹ֮憴ƺҲſ˺ܶࡣ
ϾһӣӦʵǷǳǿģ˭˭ãҲŷǳֱ۵һܡ
үүϺã憴ɵĳ
ҵĹӣүүȥòãݹ˵
⼸꣬ΪҶӣܶ˶䳰ȷ
Щڱ˵ҿ϶ʲôΥ飬ֵǼҶӾˣ
ˣЩ  Ϊˣ˺ܳܳһʱ䣬ӻˣҪԼȥǰ˵
ԿЦŵ֣ǹ־صӣǴСȥ̫ðɣ
Դ憴֮Ѿ¶ģǾǱҪбڶʮСʱԼӣ  ȻڻûĵλүӺһȥмʻԱӦûκεİ
ѽүү憴ǸСȻҲȥˡ
׺Īʱ򼸺ͬʱͬķ˳һ׳ˣЩȵ˵ĵôôϲ˯һأ
ϰˣϲ̫˯ţЦŵ׼ھǹ䡭
ְ֣ҲҪȥ憴һҪȥ̵ס

û뵽СӾȻôճˣҲЦ
Цŵ׼ҼҴȥţû뵽ôճ
СҪԣүүһȥ治𣿡׿憴Цʵ
ãҪְң憴̵쳣ļһԵ̾һԺһ⺢ӣ
ǳ׵ĴףҲΪģԼĺԼΣγһʧأ
СְֵĻҪȻְˣ׳
憴ˮ˵ְ֣һȥò
СӡЩЦѵѧɲŰ
ǹ˾ڹǱһؾĻᣬʱӦòܳģҪȻȥǱȥһ£ȻڴСȥ棿
ЩԼĶʧһеİ취Ҳûа취İ취
׿˿Ịֿ̄˿Եûģֻ᲻Ӱǰ
˵Ļһҵľˣ˵ʲôӰ첻Ӱģһ£׼һ׷Ӹ
Ĳ֪ôлײźˣ˼ȥǾһ׳һʮƽķӸס
ⷿģֵǧ򣬾һݺˣ  ׳ΪҾСΪҪǵķôǮҲȱǮ
Բǿǲܡ̽ӹʵǲ֪ôл
Ȼ˵һˣûбҪ˵ʲôлĻĻֻΪǲӭˣ
̬ȻǺܼģ֮ǰǸʲôҪ⵹ȱ
ҪһЩѵҲΪ˳һڶ
ҵĶҪģ˵ˣǸȱǮô  ΪԼǮǲ֪Ǯ˿ɲǡ
ĻǼסˣ
ҲЩףֵǧķ˼۾ûգһ¾;ܾˣ˾һƷ൱ˡ
ȥĻҲ˵ʲôеĵλ¾Ҫ½ֹһôļˡ
ЩʱΪһЩӬͷСױ˿𣡣  ҪȻǳɣһȥ׿һҲЦ
ΪݿһıS600  Ļ׵ĳԵþͷǳĺˡ
Цŵû£ҸǾˣԼ
Թһֵû뵽Ȼ˵ֹ֧
ʼ磬ȻǵĳͳŹĿ˹ȥ




366ɽＯ
 

йģλھĹֵĵ㡣
ԭ㲢רŵŷ۵ߣҲ÷ǳ֡
ҲרͶؽ𣬶˸죡  Ҫ֪ܹμˣǻ϶ҵ̳ЩƽʱǶǽʳȻܲˡ
ĵװ޿ݻݣȻˣëϣ򵥵˿²ǹ֣ҲǹˣЩߡ
ۣһֱеʹ
ɼⷿȴһֱĻһ㣬ͣ
ʮǰķһ嵽ңʮŵķѾӽʮһƽ
˵һֻҪھӵһ׷ĻⱲӻϾͲԺˡ
ŷزҵ˻ƽڣЩһҲǲƴ
֮ǰңҲʮŲϵĿʼڷɣӵڵʲġ
νĽʲʵҲЩռӣܹõóֵʽҲʮҡ
϶ǿеĴתһʽʱǽԵġ
ĿνҪ֪ҪļǶŵء
д˵ǨϢȻֻǴ˵һεķѾȻʼˡ
ܶķ󲢲ҶģΪⷿӽҲʱЧԵġ
ʵǷĴǿԶڷһķҪֽҪȻеĴҲǻѹǴġ
Ȼȥǿ󣬿ھǵЩķ棬ֻеƫ϶ѡ
ҲǵһǣĪǿһ㡣
6λһԲ
ԼӴ׵˾ǵҪĿǱC42ؿȥġ
ʵϽһأC42ֵǮһˡ
ֵǮһ飬ļҲʮڣ  񣬹ڵķȻڶ࣬ǹһЩʱҲʼ׻Ƶʱг͸
ɽＯžˣǵĹɶǵ˵ɽʽ磬  ɽＯ׻ƷزĻƽڣҲ׼г׼׻ơ
׵Աߵ5λĸˣʵӣһǵ˵ɣ
׻Ʊʷĳͻ֮һ˵ǲԸġ
ʵֹ磬Լʱע룬Ҳܵġ
ֻҪǵʵǿ!!  ǣϰûˣҸͱ˰
һʮµߵĸǰǶɽＯŵĵڶɶ
վԱߵӦþĶ鴨ˣСӿȥ˧ĺܡ
鴨һĪ̵ʱ˶Щˡ
Ҫ֪ĪǴʻǴֵǶǱŮ
Ѱ˿ĪǶӦ鴨ȼˣĪˡ
ǻ˵ЦôҲܲʶԼӵİɣȻ߶˼ۣ꣬Ǹҵˣ
Ц˼˱Ǿ֣лѹѹǸٺòˡ
ǰһ˵ʱǱ̬ʧ⣬ڵǵӣпյ٩һ¶֡
ǶüͷһɣԼĶһֱһԵһŮʱҲЦǺǵʵϰλ˭ôûм
λѣôˣҲϽˣһ鴨Ӿ֪ʲôˡ
ֻϧûлˣ  鴨ʱҲǻָԭı飬ͳһƬλС㣬ҽ鴨֪ܷʶһ£
׽ӹƬҲûֱԱߵĵȻ˵£ûһȥûд㣡
㡭
鴨ưҪ֪ʱյĵλѰŮҾˡ
һ˿ĸǿͿģ  û뵽ŮԱߵСӣȻֱӰԼƬˣǸҪ
ʲôѲ׿˿鴨ϲȻǲϲ
Ƕ˿鴨ûϢļһһŮһǺÿ
ǶĹĵ뿪ķ˹ȥ
ÿ֮ľĺܿΪһ¶ᳬʮġ
㻹ţ鴨ƽʱŰ裬ΪɽڱһҲǰ
ЦŵȻǺɽＯǾ֣Ҳ̫ɽＯš
˵ɽＯŵıǿŵĺڳ  ΢΢һЦ˻Ͳܸ
ԱߵһϢֱӱƽߡ
ߣߣ
̧ͷ˿¶һ˿Ц




367ɽɵĿ
 


һŲ׻Եӳɣôˣ
ߣǸҵ˿ǲòˣղǶɽＯųԳҲˣ
ǶΪ⼸ôԶ֪˿ɲǵ֮
ΪߵĻ»Ĳ֪ʵҲߡ
ֻһʵ΢ǿһЩһǸո̤С
ȥʵǿһЩڱʵȽˡ
ĹУκһ̤һҪѭԷĹصġ
ֻϧֻһ  Ϊ׻ƺ͵׽ĹϵͣԺ߽ܶͶʵĻ׻Ҳ顣
׻ƵȥȴĶ࣬Ϊ׻˶׽粢ôء
Գ˼֮⣬߼ǿҲûп
ȻˣҲûоԵĶ
Щǿ׻ߵĻǾǵùˣ  ȥһİĻҪеܶܶĴ۵ġ
ɽһøղǸˣǸŮˣٺ٣ȷǸŮ
ղǸ˵˶һ˵˵˽ɽɣɽʽļ̳֮һ
ɽʽĵλ൱ĸߣɽʽܹչ״ȻҲԵ޹ʵġ
ɽʽ米ǵĺڰ֯ɽ飡
ɽһڵ֯ʵϲȻıȴŵɳ
ҪȻĻΪʲôڵĳɧأ  зǱȻ۶ӵģ
ǣүɽɽɷǳأڵ𱰷ֵǷǳġ
鴨ɽɣٺһЦɾŮܲøң
ø㣿˵ɾҪõŮҪʵġɽɲмĿ˿鴨
Ҫ֪ߵУЩ׽˲ǿصĶ
һ׻ƣɽΪ˵õҵĳ˵Ҷ֪ɽＯϸҹȥԭ򵽵  ÿһõصʱ򣬻϶ɽＯŵڱңѾЩϰΪˡ
λйֹA39B12C42صʽʼȣƳһC42뿴Ļܡ
ʱҲ£ֱӾͿʼ˵һֵ  ⾺ĻҲûʲôرģǼ۸ߵģ  C42أδķչҪԣۻѶĴҲҪ
ʱѾû˸ղŵĵȻ
һԵ׿Щɻʵ˵涭ⲻҿǰصλöҪһҪð
ǺǣҵʵܹõǰذܹѾܲˡ൱Ұ
ЦŵһҪҲѽ͵˵ûǮֱ׵ˡ
ҲʼðɣǺǣ⾩ǵķۻͦߵġ
ʮһڣ
ɽＯŵɽɵһƣһ°Ѽ۸̧ߵһڣ
һ£ÿμӼһǧͿˣɽＯŸ˵ƺؾڱصð  ߣʮڣ
ȻҲüͷһ£յĳɽ۾Բʮôļ򵥡
ǿзչǰ;ˣһ˱仯ϱߵķۼŸ߰˱Ƕġ
Ҳ˵ؼǱȵ׼۸߸Ҳ׬ͷġ
һǰᣬǾǾǨ  ĵľǨһǨĻؾ׬ͷģ
ʮڣ
ɽɾǷһ㣬ֱӴʮڱ˶ʮڣ  ﵺǲǷӰģ۸˰
ɲզΣһ˰˸ڣ˿ȥǲҶģھͿҵ˰
ҿһҪӸ˹ȥǿɶ׻Ƶ˰
˵ɽＯͷСҲ֪ҵֵܼܲס
һӣܶ˶Ѿ
ʮһڣ
ԺʮһڵʱҲЩڸһӷô࣬оһѹ
ʮڣ
ɽɾ͸һֱӱʮں˹ȥ  һƬȻ
ʮһڣ
һЩԲˣҪ֪ǵԤҲʮң  һ¾ͽӽǵķֵˣ
ɫҲ൱ѿ׺ʵҲ԰԰ڵ˼û뵽ⶼ춪ˣ  涭Ӧļ洫Ǳ轣ҵĻҾͲӼˡ
ɽɵڳһƬȻỹ˵  ڲ֪ΪʲôɽＯһֱҹȥ
ǿҵĶ
ʲôôֵǮȻɽＯŻ˵Ĵۣ




368Ķ
 

ɽҲɵϣȻһߣҲ츳֡
ΪԵĻ⣬ղļ۸ֻҪʮ˸ڣ׬ͷġ
ŸôмۣһΪ˵õأҲΪ˴̼һҡ
ʱΪ룬ܹõҪĶˣ  轣
ɫһ䣬⾪轣洫֮ΪԶ
֪˲࣬ô֪Լо轣ģ
֣⾪轣Ǽ洫֮ɲܸСӰϾﰡ̵
ߣҪҵľ轣룡Цһ轣ҲҼ洫֮ôܹøһӣ
ʮڣ
ɽһ仰֮Цһ
֣ʮѾﵽǵļޡԳڼĻѾûʲôˡ
ߣټһΣҵҪǶôšһҲɢŭ
ʱѾǵؿ飬ˣ
ʮڣ
һεľƣһǵļˣڼĻµʱľ׬Ǯˡ
һĿ׬ǮĻô˻ʲôأ
ʮһǧ򣡣
ɽǵĶԻ֮΢΢һЦһı顣
ʮһǧһΡ
ʮһǧڶΡ
ʮһǧΡ
ϲɽＯŻñC42ؿ飬Ҳлλߣϣиõ
ҲĳȣԭԤƵؿĳļ۸񲢲һܸߣû뵽ԤڵĶ˽ʮڣ  ߡ
ɫһ׼ȥ
ʱɽߵĸǰȻ涭ĺϲ׻ƵĻľ轣ҪȻɣǹͬΣһһĹɷݣбǮɽＯų
ʲôҲˡ
Ȼ˵轣Ǽҵ洫֮ɼںõĶҲи۸İɣ
Ҫ֪ղɽＯļ۸Ѿﵽʮڰ  һɾʮ˸ڣ
ʮ˸һ˵͸ˣ
轣Ȼʮ˸ڵļ۸ѾǺˣ  ĿǰĻҲû˵ĳ˵ۣ  ģ  һǶˣʮ˸óôܹأ
֣һǲǷ˰Ҳһ˿֮ɫ
ɽɸоǷһ㣬ʮ˸ھһҲ̫˰ɣ  ˵ղǶĻô޺Ѿʼˣ
Ͼˣʮ˸ڵջʵ̫̫ˣ
¥̵ʱ׬ǮĻ۸µöʮʮҰ
ôǮʲô򲻵
Ĺǲȱ
ҲǸоЩ֣ΪһԲôֵǮʲôرĵط
ڼɽɱߣƺѾ²轣ӦòǷƷˡ
Ļ˵ʮ˸ڣǰɽＯŶң¶׬ġ
СӿȥɵһʼʱһﻹŲӼ۾õ轣
ڿҲӼˣʼøջһϹ
֮ǰҵ˵ضǵķչشɽＯŵȵʱҿ⣬ȻĿǷǳǿ  ɽɣĴһĹɷݣüͷһ壬ʼոоʲôԾĵط
Ҳûа취ȥ²ⲻԾĵط
˵ʵһߣֻҪ轣ܹ֪轣Ǹʲôˡ
ң壬ѾΪ׼ˡ
⾪轣ҲΪûѣ
ʵΪǵʱҲȻȡʽġ
ڿⲻǺġ
ĻھûĻˣ
ɽ˵Ȼ涭ҲҪ²ˣȻĹϵһ㣬һֱ׻ƵĻǲһҪΪˣҲԳΪѲ𣿡
ɽҲȥǿн轣ġ
ɾ̶ѨֻҪԼһ֣ºܿͻᱻ׻Ƶ߸֪
ʱò⾪轣ȴԼȥˣǾֵ̫ˡ
ֻܹýķʽõ⾪轣ڿڿʼɶˣҲ¶һ˿Цݣ
֣Ȼɽ˼ҿҲǿԵԳʵҲ֣Ѿ൱ֵˡ
ãҴӦ
׼ӦʱһԵȴЦ
Цŵ涭ҿȲҪӦĻҶŹҲЩоҪȻҿ˵




369ؾĵǱ
 

ɽɴ˿ɫ䣡
ԭΪѾɹˣѾһİϲ
轣ҲǶ˵ģǶѡ
ʢ˵Լһлһůĸо
ʵϣַıǲôģ֮һ֪
һķ˷ıֻ֣Ż״
ؾ
̺ؾ󴼺Ǻġ
ǶʱҲǾ÷ǳ棬һںȾƵʱ͸ɽ˵˳
ɽɾϲΪɣһֱҪõ
һĹɽѾǼҪҪ
ֲȱǮôԼҵ洫֮أ  һΣǼһĿΪĿǰֵĿ׬ǮĲࡣ
Ŀǰܹ֧еĴˣϣһ׬ǮĿмԼĲУ
ߣҪ
ɽɿףǷһߣѾɱƵ֡
һﻹȻʱֹԼ  ԭɽɶһѾ൱ĲˬڸҪҸһˣ
⾪轣ҹܸȺģϽ
׵һ㶼СĹӻռˡ

ףҲƵĺܣԭѾˡ
ⶫԼʵҲûʲôôܹĿǰҵΣȴҲһ£  ׿Цŵ涭ȱǮ
⡭ĿǰҵȷһЩѣղǿûõ
Ҳ̾һʵ˵˳˳ˮԹģʽȴһֱǸ⣬ĿǰдԽ϶࣬ԱҪһõĿ֧ʱת
Ǻǣ֪⾪轣ȻСܳôߵļǮΪɵô׳
ȻֵǮֵ֪ǮҲûôడȻСôɵģΪʲôӷȵʱһأ
һͷˮĿף
΢΢һЦղǿû£治ǻ𣿡
棿ǵصļ۸ɾ͸ȥˣ˵A39ؿ飬֪λ𣿡
ЩεĿףҲ֪زԲ֪
ѲģЦʵ
ڹóԱߣļ۶Ҫʮڰ
ʮڣǴĹ˾ĻǾǲܳǮġ
ھǵĵز磬ֻһеƫϵģЩȣǲܹİ
ʮڣ׿ʵԼһӻòôǮ
ûǮűûǮ
Ȼ憴ԼĸɶӣҲģ  ǺǣǲǺӴ֣ô˵ܹĵA39ģҲôңˣֻSONOŵѧܡ
Цŵ
׿ʵûʲô𣿡
ҵڵǱ˰ɣA39ؿ鱾ʵǿļҲܹȾָġҪȾָҲûκϣģҪȾָҲǮǰ
ҲĵĽ͵ʵĵؿ˭룿  Ҫõؿ飬ǵʵ  ЩҵǺ֮ĹϵǸǲˣ
һҵ˭ܹõóôֽ  ȴԣ˾ĻʱǻȫĴѹвϵĸʩѹ
һزҵĵеĻǻͲԶˣ  ЩķزҵΪ˷ֹ⾺ǲȡѭơ
Ǿһĵؿׯ
رõĵؿĻǴҾҪˣֵؿһ˵ٺ١
ʱʱĳָʵҲǿΪ֮ҪȻԵ̫
A39ؿǾģ׼ΪʮڣÿμӼ۲õһڣ
Ϣ˴ʮ֮һλص̨֮ϡ
ԭA39ؿǷһֵģ˵ѧһҪȥμһ飬ʱǰˡ
ʵҲСʱѣȴֳѧĵλ
ʮһڡ
ѧһӣԵľһ£˭֪治ڳκεıġ
ѧЦеĵȴˣΪһԽܱ˵Ĺˡ
û뵽ʱһȻ˾ˣ




370°·ɱ
 

ԭֵľĻʱѾš
ΪA39ؿľķʽʱĿһεľۼ
ʮڣ
׵ԵǷƵƺʮڸͲʲôǮһ㣡  ʵǮ˵ǸֶѣڵûǮǰڣֻҪڵĻ˼Ҳüͷġ
ڣͨ˵ѾˣɶЩҵлʵڿɿطΧ֮ڵġ
ʲôԿףҲһһԵǶһµһҵģʱ򡭡
׿˿Цŵǿ𣿡
Ȼ˰ɡôʽ𰡣ǰȥҲղôǮɣ
ֲǲˣ෴ʵܻ㣬ķǳľ
ԼļҵףѲɻ
ЦŵȻϾˣжǮöǮʣµͿˣ
ʲô
һ𾪵ˣ׵仰˵˵ǣȻǵʮ㰡
û뵽׾Ȼ˵Ǯ  ֮ǰ׿һʱܵΪ˲ûʲô̫Ǯ
û뵽Ȼز¶ĿɿڴĿס
ֲ֮ǰҪһ׷ӵʱ˼ҸƤӶ̧һ¡
˼ҶԼνֵǧķ
һʼѾΪΪûʲôǮڿ˼ҲǮǱЩνĺŶҪǮ˰
ʼҲûôǮʱ˽¡
ۣ
ղŻЦݣЦ˲ˣ
˽裿  ı»һǰʮ˵ʵ϶ǽ赽ġ
Ͳ˵ʮˣĳ壬Ǿڽڿ¶ûκġ
ٶĻҲǲ̫ˣɲʲôСĿ
ǿǼʮڣпͻưڵĵؿ鰡
ߣʮڣ
ѧķ˹ȥһƬ⣡  һĶɫҲ൱ѿԼĸҲΪ˿ʼSONOš
ĿǰSONOŵĸܲüͶʲܼ࣬һĸѧԭϤϤϾԼӸոβá
û뵽ԭΪһ˳ĳ棬Ѿò˳ˣ  Ǳ򣬾Ȼ˿Ĺƣǲ
ʮڣ
Ҳûҽмۣ۸ʵ̫ߵĻǵʱҲֵ̫á
Ҫؿ飬ʵҲĿԣ
ĿǰױƷѾʼ裬ʱȻҪһܲ¥ˣ  ԭ뷨ڱظһþĵطŪĻҲЩ˵ȥ
Ūܲһܲһ۵ܲ  أǼֱ̫ˣˣ  ֣
ѧ˿û뵽ҾȻҹȻսǵȨ
ʵϣΪҵУѧ൱ģҲЩȻЦЦ
㿴Լĸ׵֣ǲǷˣǵ֪ģôǮأ
棬ҾˡҪǾ͸ѧһ
㿴˿Լĸ׵֣ضҲǳҪôܰ⵽ķ³أ⡭SONOҲ˰
С㰡Ҹ˵̳֮һҪǸûгǸ㽫һ޳ɣѧΪʲôͲΪʲôøأ
֣ͲҪҶȦˣ͸¡Ҳ¶һ˿Цݡ
ǺǣϤϤѧʵ
ȻϤˣ̷л̷ֳǰְֵսѣǲ֪Цʵ
ȻĻ㻹ʲôȰøǣڷŸ̷֣Ҫ֪ھǲҪΪе㱳͸ҳƻ򣡣˭ĺûأ
ѧһŭˣʵѾ滮óˡ
ֻؿųͳˣ  Ȼû뵽һ˳Ϊؼʱ̣۶ӣ
֣ǰ̷ʱضûˡӻЩת
СôأôԺôӰࣿѧôǮ𣿡
Ŷ֪ˣ֡һ˷ܵĿԼĸף֪Լ׵뷨
ǷˣҲֻԼĸײܹõһķӡ
·ɱҧԼĸȴܹô̵ʱ뵽İ취Լȱ
PSĿǰƼڼ䣬ÿֻѮֵ԰ꡣѮ϶б




371䳰ȷ
 

ʮڵһΡ
ʮڵڶΡ
ʮڵΣϲŻA39ؿ顣
˵ᴩȫıȴûô˷ܡ
ڳҲǱһֵ̬  һԵǶ鴨ֻı飬Ҳɫ˼㡣
һֵߵĵؿ飬ԭӦ൱˵һŶԡ
û뵽ڳˣ״Ц֮⣬˲䳰ȷͬ
ҵʵ˭֪ŭSONOŵܣӿ²ùˡ
֣ҿ˰û뵽ղСӾȻԼܶ
鴨Ϲ˷ܵ飬û뵽һﾹȻôɵȱ
ʲôʵ˭֪ļܹһóʮڣ  ǶһЦ»кϷˣЩ󣬸ʲôҪǰĻлܴڿҪǴһ͵˸ˣ
鴨ٺһЦҲý˰ʱЩںƲһѣ
ǶЦݵǵȻҲһֱи̣
ǶìȻû֪ҵĳ޾ͿԿó֮ԲʲôСìôļ򵥣  һߣ˻һۣȻֳ׿˿
˭û˵ղǸԭ׼һľģɾڸղһԱˡ
µ۷׷ףѧԼĶߵ
Цһ涭ϲˣ
˶⡭Щᣡԥһ£Ȼ
ѧ˿¶һ˿ЦݵѧɲôˣȻأҳ˹ϲôأ
㿴˿涭ǼSONOҲ̾һκҪΪҵˣϲϲ
ٶɱˣһֱеˮƽܹSONOĴҵȰ
Ц˼Ҳ֪κεĽͶˡ
һԵ׿ѧȻֿ˿ЦŵǺǣκһҵûԶߣҲûԶеȡ
Ǻǣ˵ҪôСҭšѧ
׿˿ѧ˶ʱҲ˰ɣǺǣ
ܸҰֱǻԼ𣡣㿴׾ȻôĲҪһ֮ѿڶ
ѧ¿ǰˣǹܺð֪λǣ
Щ˼˵˶Ҳ֪ǰ궪˺ӣҺҵˣλǼҺӵľˣ
ˣ
ѧЩֵĿףΪԲʲôô򵥵顣
Ǿ˵ĻҵϵҲ鲻һܰɣ  ɸղһھƵģѧΪǺŵĺ顣
ΪʲôҪܵţΪ
ͷǰĻǻ֪ʲôʱܹҵǼҵСء
ѧ׺ٺһЦһΪֵĺ˰
׳ѧ˿ĻҪʼˣһ鲻أҿ˶Կһ£
ٺ٣ҾϲA39ءѧ΢΢һЦгš
ǿϧˣѾǸˣ׵ʲõ˵
б˵أѧһЦȻصԼλϡ
ѧ뿪Զǰ̾ĿŶԷ
Ҫףɸղ˼Ѿ˵ˣǮ  Ҳ֪׵ǸģҲҶʡ
֪ں˵ԵģΪǵҵڵͷҵһֹһ
һεĻص̨֮ϣ¶һ˿Цݡ
ڸղţǵλһ̷ֳԸ˵绰  ̷ֳѾ֪飬ڵ绰ͷҲЩŭѡ
̷ֳһºŵʽ״Ҫ֪Ȩġ
ҪȻ˭ҶϹۣ˷Ͳɱ  ϾţرǹҵģƶʲôĹƶʲôĹ
ܹ֤̣Ļʸͻȡˡ
Ͳ˿΢΢һЦ涭ղĵA39ĵؿ飬A39ؿǳӣҲ֪ġҺŵĹģҲ˽ģ̷ֳ˵Ϊ˲⣬ú֤һǵʽûκģ֤˵Ļ




372ѵĹ
 

һʱ䣬ȫȻ  ˵ʵӾĻῪʼ죬ûһҷ󱻵
Ѿܹˣŵʵ˭֪  һóʮڵֽôأSONOĴͷǿҲõó
ֽɲҵνʲ  ڵѧʲѾǲʵаϼλ˶Ӱ
SONOһóʮڵֽ𣬿Ҳǲõó
ԣÿһҷ󣬲С϶ҪдΪ֧š
һõĿдôǶھͻῪ裬ʱ׬ǮһֵеĴһ־ܹΪԼʱ
ַĺôǽҵֽ⣬оǽзŴ⡣
˵кЩҵ϶ǻݻģ  Եһر֮ȻȻĵһѡд
û뵽һι־Ȼ˵Ҫţ϶ڸˡ
ɫѾѿ˼㣬ȻҲ֪ԼЩ
ҲSONOŵаɣҪôѧͷ
ѧ̷лĹϵ֪ģ֪һο϶һЩ
û뵽Ȼô죬ôͻȻ
ʲô˼
ֻأο˵ڵĴأ
ҲһûƢ˱ϾҲһŵĶ³
㣬϶Ҫڷġ
ѧ˿ӣ΢΢һЦҵǾùܺˣҿԺҪУҪȻʲôèؿĻôг𣿡
ӻǰĻĳЩҵʽһϣʱǲǶ˵ˣǶǰյĲΰ
ǶһЦҲ֧˶˵ҲҪеġ׻˵úãûͱǴ
һʱ䣬һЩҵҲ۷׷ףҶó
ŴЩ˵Ĺ
ȻûĸоǸǾúЩ̫ˡ
SONOʲô  žȻҵڵ˶ԺӸôأ
ղźɽＯžʱ˻վ˺ŵĺ棬ѾǵתǹڣĿֱָ  ˿˿涭˼ִֻܹˣ˵ˣÿһҵʽʵҲҪĲ𣿡
ΪʲôǶ飬һأЦһ
ʵҲǼ飬ֻҪ涭ܹ֤ܹõóôǮǾͿˣȻˣǰֽ
˵ıдһ˿䣬ҲЩơ
ԭⶼǼȶ˵Ķû뵽·Ȼɱ˸ҧ
ⲻԼ潻ԼûаãԺԼǰ;ô죿  Բ̷л̷ֳҪ˵ҲǸԼ뷨ıϡ
һû˹أǵʱ´
ֽߣ㻹˵óڣҵҪʣÿһҶõֽ𣿡Цһ
Ǻ֤һпؿʵߺ˵ʲô˼
ǶҲǸˣɿ˸Ŷ
㡭
ɫһǸϽȻ֪Ƕ˼˵ȥĻµġ
涭ҿǻǲҪ˷˵ʱˣ֤һʵҲܼ򵥲𣿡˿
ô֤
֤򵥣ĿǰеֽͿ԰кĻǿúṩһ¾ͿˡֻҪϱ׼ǹ־ԲΪѺŵġ
΢΢һЦУһκŲҪظ³һöһˡ
˭ǲأ
֣ô֤ϵֽʮڶ㣬֧֮ǰĵؿ鶼ЩͲҪ̸ˡְ˾Ǹ˴һӣںܱ
ԵҲһƬƣ漴˿һԵס
ģڵʱҲܹĿźŰӸ˰ɣ  ʼô֤ⲻ̷лѧ֮һϷѡսѣȻǻˡǹҪǶûκεɷ
ôأ
ʱҲ˲ˣѾʱȻϣͼĪֵˡ
ʼվײʲôţˣΪĳʵ̫ˡ
׿˿ǸˣվҾǺŵĺ飬ҲһĿͶ֮һܹ֤Ϳô
ȻԣЦһ




373˿˥
 

Ļֳ
ԭĽ㶼˵ϣȴһˡ
׵ĳúܶ˶֣ΪǵĵزЩ˭ʶ  һһ͸ҸSONOĴҵ⣿˵ɵأǶأ  SONOʲôĻǵǻϰеķ󶼸ˡ
СӦǳǣĻԲܹɳġ
С˭û뵽ŵıȻˣ
ǰҪǺŵĻԲҸSONOſ⡣
ղŽм۵ʱҿҲǸСһǱ߽мۣʱˣ
ⲻҲ֪ĸСطðҸ˶ĻܲҰ
£˭˭ӮǶкô𣿡
µЩ˽Щ˵һ˭Ӯ˭Ƕֻкôûл
һκΪSONOŵȴͷѹ˵Ļǵʱһ֣  һκշΪʤĻôԺĻƽؿɾͲЩĲˡ
Ž쿴һĶȻΪ˾Ƿزһε
ѧȻúŵóѣһûˡ
ʱҲᱻ֣߳  Щķ֮ҲǽӵģҪSONOֻɫɲĻҲֻܹѧϾˡ
˭Ҳ˰  ѧɫʵÿȻŲõóôǮ
һǸղվֵļһ
㿴˿Լϰֵ֣СӾԲóôǮġ
ҵȻ֪ҿСӺпǱɹҵģ˵ҪSONO˼ˡ
ѧ뷨ҪһԼĶӵ뷨ҪӵĶ࣬ıѾǹᴩԺ֮С
ֻڻû֤ѣ
֣ҿɣҵôˣ˭ҪĸǣʱҲ֪ܲġԺҵڿ»첻ȥɣ
ɣ̳սΪÿһ˶ѭ𣿾ڣΪѭ𣿼ѭҲǱ򣡣
ѧһɸֵӣԼӵȷо̵츳ǲһţ
ë̫ܶǿﱳصĶ
ҪĥģѧԺԼӻǿɿõġ
ֻͨ˻˼ĵ绰˿̵Ļ˼ϼѧϰҵ֪ʶء
׵磬˼Ҳǰ˵绰Ȼָ磬ôңҪȻ棿
ʲô棬иæ׶Ż˼
˼Цŵָ飬Ȼһ仰ˣ˵ɡ
ʮڣ׵ĻȫһƬȻ
ʮڣ
ţƵĽ趫ˣһھȻҪʮڣⲻǳô  һԵҲ˸  ôʱȥǮ˭óʮڰ˼ʮڣ˵ͽ  ܹʮڵˣһָͷܹĹǼĸ
ǰ˸ǰ˻ʶֱǿЦ
˶һܹ赽ôǮ  ˼һ׽Ǯ̵ʮûⰡǵõȵȣƽ첻ˣҪȻ磿
磿ʵЩ⼱ã
װĻͦһϷذɣǶЦһһ鴨֣˹һһСذ
һƬЦ֮ԭܶ˻ΪһʲôţأڿϷĳɷֻͦİ
ײˣŻ˼Ǳ˵ʲôҪ˼˵һ顣
˼Щ𾪵˵˵ָ磬⾩ǵĵزҵҲϤģSONOŵ˶ҰǺѣ˵ָô˰ɣǮʱҲ򲻹ȥҪȻѵ绰ѧ˶
ѵ绰ЩüȻⲻҪĽ
˼ЦһʮڿɲʲôСĿָ磬߶üʽҪһģҲõȵ죬ҪеĻҾֱӸתȥˡ
׵Ҳ⣬Ͼһôļţκ鶼ԶΪĻҵôܳأ  ãҰѵ绰ɣ׳
˼Цŵİɣһ㶨Ҫ˶ӣһͲˡ
˼뷨Ƿǳļ򵥵ģ˭Ҳҵף
Ҳ˵ǲүͳκ˺һǾϱ




374ӵ绰
 

׵һһѾΪ˹עĽ㣡  ʱ˿׳ѧķ˹ȥ˶Ǻ
ղ˵ܵͣ˶û
Ȼˣֵ˿¾ɽɺԱߵɽˡ
Ҫ֪ǿߣǵĶҪ˵Ǿûġ
һǾȻҲû˻һۣоһ˿˿֡
ǿû뵽ǰ׿ǱǸ̫߳ȼ׻Ƴߡ
֪Ļͷһˣ  ϣܶԼäĿ²ų˸ָġ
ҪǶ֪ԷʵĻǾûô߰鷢ˡ
վѧķ˹ȥ
ѧǿףҲһƣʲô˼  С͵ģ  Լ費Ǯˣ͹кˣ
ѧǶ˵סˣ׵Ҳǰͷƺһ㡣
ʲôܵ£㿴ףҲһЦվ
㿴ȥ˸ģҲͦ˵ġ
ײδ㣬ǳѧ˿˶ǰɣӸ绰
ѣƾʲôҰֽӵ绰ΪҰֺ𣿸Ͻȥ֤Ҫ֤˵ĻǾ͸Ͻ
ھûйһԼĸǰԼϰֽӵ绰˭  ѧҲһ㶣˵ȻıʱеԤоһ֡
С㣬Ҫ֣ѧԼĶӳѵ绰øҡ
֡
û뵽ԼϰֻҪ绰ǲ̫û𣿸Сʲô  ȻҪСӣǾͲܹС氡
˵ѧ
ղ˵Ҫʮڵʱˣ
˲ĻôǮӦʶġ
׻ܹõóʮڳ˵ˣ޼
⸻Ȧʵͦխģžӵ绰ǼްԵĻҪˣ
ѧһòŲµˣҪ˵ʲô·  ιѧѧͳȥ˸оǲ
Ļ˼һЦ˶֪˭
㡭ͦϤģ֪ǣѧղŽӵ绰ʱ˿Ļϵˡ
˼΢΢һЦ˶ǹ˶°ǻŷĻ˼
ٶѧı˲ЩҪΪСĻȫҪȻˡ
˶˵ָЩ᣿˼Цŵ
ѧЦһ˵ٶλܻǲư
˼Цŵ˶ҪȻҸӣָݺⰡҶ
˼СӸͷʱԼоǳʵ
ѧһˣһ˼ЩɵǰλʱѾʼҵĲ²ˡ
˵ʲôͷѲıվʲô  һʱѧ˶ԭΪȵܹԵסһء
˼ȵĳס  ĵ˲õĻ½ùĲ˼ңԼˡ
ѧ̵Ȼᣬͽˡٶܲ
ǾͶл˶˰ͷʲôõĿһ
˼ҲǴһӸ棬Ͼ˼һεʧ൱Ĳصġ
̳ս˭Ҳֲ˭  ֮ǰѧԼҲ۸Сͷ  Сѣû˭˭  ѧ˵绰վֵܰᣬһжᡣ֪ĻҸղžͲø̧۰Ǻǣ
׿ѧ̬ȣҲЦŵ˶ˣȻˣҿҲû֤ıҪ˰ɣ
ûûУ϶ûҪѧЦŵ
˿ѧȱ仯Ǿ°͵ĸоǶʼ²ص굽˭ˣ  鷭תʵ̫ˣ
ĿɿڴĿѧ׵֣鶼Щˡ
ղһΪһǾҪùˣû뵽յĽȻӵġ
Ҳһ˭ԸȥSONOĴҵأ  ׻صԼλ㿴ԼĸףҲĭûû뵽СӾȻʶٶ
ֹʶٶҪˣ˵أѧ
ʲôٶȻ磿ܰٶƢʵ̫˽ˣԲܣ
ѧ̾һԺ󿴵λԶһɣŬһأҲһЩʧɣ
ԱߣǶ鴨˵ıǽһʣ˭Ҳû뵽յĽ־Ȼӵġ
ˣ˿̶Ǻ޵ģ
ȴûκεİ취




375Ϊǵĵ
 

Ļ᳡
˿ѧ֮󣬶Ǿˣ
˵֮ǰ˾ԲĻڿû˸ô˵ˡ
ǸԵ÷ǳΣղŻţģѾЪˡ
ԭΪѧôһġ
˼˶˿ͿˣԼôҵأ  վνεһˣιΣǼ
ղ˵ĵҪ˼Һŵ飬Ѿǳ׵Ĳˡ
ܣû뵽ȻʶٶҲһ˷ܵĿ׵
Цŵʶѣ˸кûˡ
֪ܰôҲЦʵ
סõҴһãʣµĵطǿɣЦŵ
ãҲЩ𾪣˼һҪãöǮ  Цŵпյʱڽɣһһе顭
£ҪȻߣѾˣʱֱӹˣ
ЦŵԭǻΪûеõһضоѹ
ǾȻӵ˺һ𿪷һؿĻᣬǲǸؿҪõö  οĿǰӣʽ϶ûġ
ʽûĻôĿô϶ܹ׬һʵġ
ǺŸں棬ȻҲٵġ
׵ͷỊ̵̄СȻȥҰͻΣ
Ī̵ͷţȥذ
׿˿ʱ䣬Ȼ뵽һ飬Ī̵ҳԹɣиѽգҵȥ飡

ĪҲһײ˵һ  ôھȻھأҲ֪׵Լöʡ
Цŵ֮ǰڽʱԼˣѵϼھǣýھҾȥһ°ɣ
ďʮ٣  ׻ˣ֮ǰ˼ҸԼʱûʱôĿ졣
ΪСһʱ䣬ʵʱѾˣ  ǸղźȻĻ׿¶ˡ
ĪЦŵţȥɣҴСȥ棡
憴£ȻҲţǷǳĹɵġ
뿪ˣ뿪ʱ˵Ŀⶼעصˣܶ˶Ǹоһֲʵĸо
˼ҵĵȷȷʹˣԺ֪⾩ǻֶһܵĶˡ
뿪ûж೤ʱ֮󣬶Ҳ뿪ǵӡ
ݿڣ
׼ݵͣʱŸҪֿ
ˣһЦ
Ȼ֪˵Ҫʲô˵ʵղΪʲôҪһߣ  ʵΪ˰⼸Ȼô
ҪΪĻͺʹ󲿶һˣܰĪ̸£Լһ˵
ЩĿǰܹĪ̵֪ȻҲҪǵȫһЩˡ
ɽɽ˽˵ݣǵǶ¶һ˿Цݣ
ƻǼƻļһҪ
Ĭĳŵͣ˹ȥƺǷͷߣ֪ѾĳԼķƶ
ͣһ䣬׵ĳͣطλƫƧ  ȻҲܶ࣬һ˶ѳͣ棬ͣ϶Ϊ˺ԼԱ׼ġ
ɲ㽻Ǯ͸ģټͣҲûͣٵĳ
ΪоĻᣬ⳵ͣĻȽϵĶһЩҪƽʱĻҲǹԱĳӶࡣ
ɡ
׿˶һԱߣƺʱҪԼǷΪˡ
㡭㾹Ȼǣɽһ㶣û뵽ʵȻһ׽˸ˡ
ߣһʼǾ͹ģΪҲ֪𣿡Цһ
һΪ㷢ǣҲǿµİɽһ
ٺ٣֪⾪轣ʲôأ׿ɽ΢΢һЦ
֪ʲôĺ𣿡
ɽһ˻ɢһ⡣
ɽүҪȻֱɱСӰɣϻûκε尡
ɱңЦЦһԵɽɽЩë
һ˵ҪɱԼô·Цأ
Լƿؾ氡һǲǷӰ  ˵ǵǲռռϰˣöҪûв´Ļ⾪轣Ӧһɣ
׵Ļһﳹ׵סˣ
һɽɽɵɫǱֱ䣡




376̫ƽӹ
 

ǹֵĵͣĳ䣡
ɽɽԭΪǰֵļһ϶ǻˡ
û뵽ʱ򣬾Ȼ˵鷢
ʶĻô϶ˣһ㶼ûиоĳ˵߿϶ʵ쳣ǿ
ǿߣЩëȻĸо
ԭҪǰļˣȻ䶼ʼźˡ
׸׼֮ʣȻüͷһšΪܵԼķ򼲳۶
΢ۣǰɽɽɣûг֡
ߣˣ׻֣
һˣȥᣬͷŮˮܽأһȾ
үߣ
ɽоԼ˿棬ҪԼ֡
ģɽǼĵϵǱɽɡ
ɽʲôĻʱȥҲˡ
ʱֻܹڻɽɳˣ  ߣ
أ
ŮѾͳԼķɽķ򹥻ȥ
һһͣѾǴǵĶȴǺܴ
ʵҪ߳һûв´ĻӦ֮ˣ
ʦãҪս׽Ĺǿɲƻˡ
ŮͬеǸѾǽɽɸסˡ
׾ô⼸˵Ĵ򶷣ĵһҲ̫Լ˰ɣ
ܿ죬ɽɽѾǱ˿סˣ
״ǵתͲӦǳɣϰĹִ󿪴ϵĹ
һ£ŴĹܹﵽĲΣĻûԵġ
ʦã⡭⻹иˡ
˵˽죬Ավŵʦã
Ӧǳͬһɣ˵ʵ൱ǸŮʵҪǿһЩ
ʦ֣㡭ղôأʱʶЩˡ
ղһ˵Ϳˣ
ƻص鰡ҪǱĸ߲֪ĻҪԲ˶ߵġ
飬ǰά׻ƺƽһȺˣ˶ɸźͼѡν롣
ÿһʱҪһˣʼձűȽǿս
ҲһأǾǲܹ׽˸ǰ¶Լʵ
ǽΥ˼ˣ  ʦãҪȻҪ˵ЩɵĿŹЩƵ˵ɵˣȻ˵ˡԺǿɾ˵˰
ʱ˭Ҳ֪ǣˣû׼ΪԼء
ҲǱˣڵƵĺܣһһֱڿɽɽˡ
ԭڸɸղǸܵͣһϲ֮Ǿˡ
Ǹʲô֣ף΢΢һЦ
аЦһﻹͦȤġ
սս˵ҡҽף𣿡
ôһʣЩ֪ô˵ˡ
ʱǰɣ㿴ɲ˵ҪȻĻʱܾҪùˣ
׿ŵһȻܲܳΪɰ
ţ̫ƽӹѳɰھҪϽһƭߣһԵɽɽɿĿɿڴ
˿ȴһ仰˵˿Уʱ˼һŭ֮°Ǹɱ˵ĻǾЩòʧˡ
ҿܵģλҲܴҳɵĻҡҸһܡ
װĻ̫ˣһﻹⶺˣҪߵĻ¶Цˡ
ܣ
Ȼһ֣͹ͬʱȤ
ʲôܣǸŮˣĺı컹Ҫء
׺ٺһЦҪҰܸˣǲܴҳɰ
ҪĶõĻǿԴţǳɲɾͲ˵ˣ
һ˿ϲɫܶʵϲ׽硣
Ȼ׽ôУȴŸָļ
ЩʱڶܹڳһЩö
׺ٺһЦղ˵Ƿһ
ʲô
Ѫӿɫͺʵ
һԵҲˣ˵϶ֲֳ˼ļ֮ɫ
Ҫܹ׽緢Ļʲô
˵õһĻֻҪŵĻԺҪʲôԴûأ
棿ֱǰקʵ
ɽɽ˼ǰһʲôʱ˵ˣ  Ȼ֪轣ⶫǶûеõأֵԼ˵ġ
ʱ˭˵Ļأ




377û뺯
 

ͣ
˱׺תʵ̫ˡ
ڷǳеҪ֪Ϣ
׿ŹЦŵɣַΣ
˵ĵַʵϾǾҵڵء
ʵһ˵ȻûκεջûջɲŶڱûջǣ  ţ㲻ҪֻҪ˵ܣǿԴ֮ͨ·
ٺһЦŸǺƭС˷һ㡣
ʵϣҲǹĵҪһϢըˣ  ׸ǽǸ붼飡
ЦŵλɣҡҲûȥһ°ɣҪȻúõʧˣӦżˣ
ʦãҿ˵ҲʵڣҪȻǾ죿Ҳ㣡
쵹ͦ׿ǵģٿȥһﲢûĺƭǡ
ʦ֣ǿһһô죿
˵ʦããɶ˵ӦûʲôôŹ
һ֮󣬺ܿһ£
¶һ˿ЦݵʱǻᰴԼĵصȥ㣬ϣ㲻Ҫƭǣ򡭡
ôƭλأİɣ״ŰƱ
ȥʱ򣬻صһ˧УȻӿȥЩš
ǾЩûм׽˵УѾһĴˡ
׿ȥӣҲǸоһĺЦ
һҲǲ񼶱ˣһ棬ǻҪһߡ
ղıȻԣϸ仹©ٳġ
һ׽˿ΥѧˣȻ󻹸ǽͳһͲ߼ˡ
׿ԼH9뿪˹ֵĵͣ
Ǹďʮ٣ҲǳŸď֮ǰĵַ۶ȥ
ʵϣ糿ʱďѾбǰ˽ʱ򣬸ďļѾǱ
ďļھǵһĺԺڣĺԺռ൱Ĵ
˵ôһĺԺûиڣҲԲֵܳġ
Ҳ˵ĸďڣټȦڵʮ㣬һֻҲǼֵǧ
ԸďͲȱǮֻ˵˸ďȾ磬׷鷨ļ£ʲôˡ
ďҵǰ棬˿רſһͣ˽άĳ档
츶үӵĴ٣˺ܶ硢̽硢鷨磬һһͷ
ΪʲôͨŻʵʩ·ιƣΪĴ̫
ذ죡
ȻܶʱȨײ㣬𣬻Ǵڵġ
ãʾһ뺯
ĺԺſڣźɫվǰ棬ǽֻһǾǸѹнˡ
һ㶣⸶ďûиԼ뺯զأ
ǸďϺҹģûи뺯ʼ
ϺģǸͷ֮˳ʵ
Դ绰ϻŮҲЦŵ
֪գ˻һɻĿףȻš
ף
׵ҲǲżѾˣһҲνֲ֪ԼݣԼֺοΪѱأ
Աá
վſڵȵʱ򣬴Ӻһһ٣ϵĸď£ٵĸ׵͵Ҳࡣ
߿ȥûʲôٵĿȥȴЩ̬Ȱ
׻ͷ˿Ǹˣ΢΢бһ£û˵ʲô
Ǹһ׵̬ȣǰȻû뺯Աһá
ү˰
߿ŵ˿ȥʶնˣ뺯ûҪֱӾ׼ˡ
ʫ𣿡
˽׻鷨Эḱ᳤ӡ
ⶭվһԵߣȻ̬ȼΪİδֹӦҲĬˡ
ʫСڵģүҪȻȽȥǸԭ׵ˣ̬ȵ൱Ĳ
˸ģͷбףһʢ˵ӡ
λû뺯˵ʶϣǻûüѯʸϵʱ򣬶ϺͶүλ͵ˡ
Ǹďʮ٣ʵ̫̫ˡ
ҲǸĽ䱸ɭϣرϤˣһ˻Ĳý
ѹҲʶԸ̸òýˡ
ߣᣬɹƭ̫ˡϵֻǿ൱ֵǮɵСЩ˳ûٰ
ΪĲˬղԼ·СӾȻԼۡ
ʲô




378ºϵ
 

ďſڣ  Ǽ˶ŶһĹάĽ˸ϵլڡ
ΪǸϵյĻ׻һһЩɫ
Ǳ֮ǰҪ˺ܶ࣬Ȼ׽вֵһᡣ
Ҳ֪Ȼ׽Ǿ͵ѭ׽Ĺء
׾վſڣǸͷ֮ԭҪ绰ϵġ
˶Ļ֮ȴ绰ˡǸĿ˵Ļôûм  ˶Ļ֮ƺЩȷǰ˺пҪˮȥˡ
ɶͷ˵д쵼ҲҪҪǳʲôĻǿɵ𰡣
ǵϵûУ
ߵӣȴû˸ϴ绰ҲЩ̫ˡ
ͷǸЦһ˵СӣҲˣΪǳԸɷô
ʲô˼Цһ
㻹˼ʲô˼ƽʱĻͶְȥˣǸϵĴ٣Ծһ㣬Ҳ붯֣
˵ʱϴһɲм֮ɫȥѾǷǳƶ׾ǹҵˡ
ϡ
˵껰֮󣬾ͷֶһˣ˵Ա߻վһӣȥʮֵĳȴ
صشӽϵǵģʵҲˣֻʱȥݻһѣҪһЩ
ųڰСӻô׳ʵ
ϻûעһվŵף˸кʱĿҲǳ˵˿˹ȥ
ųڣҲǸղ׵һ񿴵˺Ҳһһ۵ġ
Цŵϣ˼廹ôĺðȥ͸СӲ࡭
Сӵǻ˵Ƚȥס
ϸ׼ȥʱб߿һۣ˲ԭ뵽ڵһָֻ˻  ףôˣ
վںԱߵǸҲЩֵĿԼĸף滹ʲôܹסԼ׵Ŀ  谡ϿʱЦ
һԼĸ׽ԼϽ˹ף£
ںǾԵȨ˵ÿһ϶û˸ġ
Ҫ֪ǿǹΪҷίΣλȨصﰡ
û뵽ںϵߣҲ͸Сӥһ㣬µĽ

ϵͳȴ쳣
迴˿ǰˣѾĪ

ʵ̫ϤˣΪĻ˵䲻ģԼĸѾˡ
һӦøлԼҲǸոûжá
Ȼ֪ΪԼĸ׵Ļ;Ѿͷˡ
ٳ߸ͷһһжӦøл  ԭǲҪģԼĸ˵пҪҲǸ˹
ȻΪĸ߹٣ȴҲҪһķɡ
֪ᣬ֮󣬻Ǳ׵ˡ
á
̬ǻϺ𾴺Ѿûκεˡ
׿˿ЦŵͲҪҿЦˣλǣ
ҴӺ裬ԺʲôֱЦŵ
ҵƬԺʲô龡ܿڣֻҪΥߣҾæ
̬ȻҪôڵĵλһȨĲţ˵ǸҲӵ˻ĲǺܶࡣ
ں边Ȼһ˵أһԵųѾЩվˡ
Ȼ֪ϵһԵĺҲʶġ
ȻϲˣǽӴȺʵ̫̫ˡ
Ͼ鷨Эĵطĺܶ඼ǴٹˣȻҲⲻʶһЩţ
ղųڻǸƭӵˣת֮侹Ȼ϶ôء
ʵ󲻳ΪʲôϾȻǰһ˵ĿͿ
ϾһŶʮҰ
ЦŵͲҪɷˣŶˣʲôʱİ
Һһģȥе˽ˣľ͹ˣЦŵ
֮ǰҰǼһûü㱨أһѾ׼ˡӦúܿͻ׶ˡ
׿֮Ҳǰ֮ǰ˵һ飬֮ǰΪ憴ˡ
ЦŵվʲôҪȻǽȥȱ裿ϸĲ費ȰײȰ
ȽȥߵȷϹڽȥصĹػҪصġ׿һųڡ
ųʿˮһЩˣ
ߵˣ




379³Դ׵Ķү
 

ʲôȷϹˣ
ЩɻĿ˿ųڣľ֪ܿ϶ġ
ϣҡҲ֪
ųҲˣʵûпóʲôط⡣
Ȼ֪ʲôݣӺϵ̬Ҳ֪ǸϵĿ˰  ˼϶ʶҺ϶ô  ֪㲻ȥҸďĹͣҪǵ˹͵Ļ
ϳʵ׽Ҳ⸶ďй⡣
˵ģ˼һ֣ďʦΪ
ҽ߳鷨ҲǶһ񣬷Ƿˡ
ЩأȻ˺϶ЩҲ֪ôһ˿˿ġ
ôȾ϶Ǹˣ  ǣϣ˵ǣϺ롭ųڿףЩ֮ɫ
Ҫˣüͷһʵ
ĸĸҰ۲ʶ̩ɽ۲ʶ̩ɽųЦҲһĽš
װڰֵȻҪĻǾͽȥɣ
һһֱôŵĻô׿϶ˣΪ˺ϣղҲûʲôΪ
Ҳûе£˾һҾһɣΪ˴ԭ
ûʵԭǲ仯ģ
׺ͺϽȥ֮һƧĵطһҩ顣
ܿ죬Ͼͱ֪Ѹ˹ȥûа취ҲֻܹԼҵүӹȥˡ
ϵĵעΪһµĽ㣬ϾһκϿ߼ˡ
鷨磬ȻҲ
ʲô벻ܹͺύڳЩ鷨˭Ըأ  ďûп׵ĵϳʱѾ˹ȥ
ϰأ
ď˺֮ҲǸʵҲȷϺѵ׻᲻
Ͼϵݻ൱еģڿѾˣďҲһĿġ
ϣһȥҽһЩˣϹμͷİɣϸ
ϿďҲЦďԱվһһŮŮĺȻǸʫеǸղÿǸ
ִûа
ʫԴһȥ˽֮˶׵ӰЩ֮ȥ
һϣôûʣֱӿھף
ϹһЦ׻ǸֻǼʫҲʼˣ
үү
ʫϴһĨɬȥΪˡ
һʫĻɫЩѿ˵ʫʲôִ簡
磬Ҹ˵ִˣ鷨ر
ʫѾ֪ʲôȥˣԶ֮׵鷨Ǹ
УҾͲţȥ
һ¶һ˿м顣
ϿȻҲʶģС鷨Эḱ᳤ӡ
СӵƢԿȥҲǲô
ҲôСŸď֣ȻżϤȥȲˡ
ďźȥŸʫһģһȥкЩأ
ďʵ⣬С츳
˵Ʒȴһ㣡  СϲԼŮֻڶ棬Ҳûа취ܾ
񿴵ԼŮ׸ȤԾһֻ۱һֻۣòŵﶭ񣬶СҲ֪Ѷˡ
ʫҪȻ鷿ģ˳дд
һˣΪ⸶Ǹʲôأ˶
ֻϧ仨ˮ飡
⸶ʫӵĶ׵ʲôʱ˶ǳǿߵġ
ʫȻ˵ľϲˣϣܹһεĵõ׵ָ㡣
ȻˣŮ˼˭ܹĥ͸أ
ʫŶ磬ڵأҪûµĻȥȺȲ¡
ˣҶˣ㻹˭Ϊǵ˵
ʫ˿Ȼǵִ˰
ʲôִ磿ղںϺ͸ǰûк˼˵˵˭һĨ֮ɫ
ִִ磬˵Ҳ֪ʫû˵
ʫ˶
ɫһ鷨ҪдúõĻҲʮ峯˰ɣ  ˲оһв֮⣡  Ҳɣִ鷨ļǿѰ˲ܱȵġҵ鷨֮ҶԼдĺ
ʫ˵ģǶȴˡ
У͸ˣ鷨дٺܺõʲôطȥүүдúãʫ涯Ƥ̫ˣϵ
㡭ףִ硭
ʫ׼Ӧһ̧ͷȴһĽ棬Щɮ붨һ㡣




380»ӵĶ
 

طҲʶʲôˣҲȥӴЩˡ
һʵҪĻǺͺһģܶࡣ
ղͺϰѴµҲ˵һ飬ԵЩġ
ȻѾˣ˵Ļ˼Ҳһֲ𾴲ǣ
֮ǰӦ˸ҪôҲֻܹȵٻȥˡ
Ʒ֮ʣ˸ʫŸղǸǿ׳ӳ˹
ܵЩüͷ  ˵ʵôϲǸʫ֮ǰԼ̬ǽһӰ
ϾŮˣеСƢܹܵġ
һôܸһŮôļƽأ  վڸʫԱߵǸˣͷǳĲϲˡ
ִ硭
ʫɱһĳ׵ķ˹ȥǶںɫĺܡ
ܿ죬˾׵ĸǰʫǳݵСǣ׵ҲЩһˡ
׿˿ʫСá
ִ磬ôҲҰҶܾˡʫһ˷֮ɫ
һԵĶ˿ףϳ˾Ǹղ⵲ԼүүԼȥ·Ǹӣʱм
ʫСӣһƨģŶ˸оЩǷ⡣
ôִ˵أ
˵ʫ֮ǰڽʱСƢĻôѾȫϿˡ
ڣ׳˳ݻǳݣ  Ҫ֪֮ǰһֱݵ˾ԼүүԼүү˵Լ鷨費ףܲ  ִŶꣿԼүүˣ  ʫԼϰ鷨ѾкܶˣѲɲ֪Ƿֱ
ʫ㾹ȻΪһ˸ҴСУһӸоЩԽܵӡ
ʫ㲻׼ִ̬Ȳã
׿˿ʫоǰС椵̬ת̫죬ԼЩܹӦˡ
֮ǰڽʱ椿һֱԼģ
ЦŵʫС㣬үүʮ٣㲻ȥдˣƺЩװɣ
ִ磬ҲôЩأп𣿡ʫЦʵ
ʼ֪ʫСкιɰ
ִ̽鷨֮ǰ˵Щ⾳Ȼɾ벻鷨֮С
ʫ׵鷨֮ЩģЧȴ̫ԡ
΢΢һЦǲһ콨ĲЩҲҪԼȥģһȻ֮ͻһЩأ
ţʵܲˣһʼΪܹ˵ʲô
ɵô˵֮оһȫװƣ  ֻ˭˵ʲô԰Ƕǳģ˭֪ãⶼ翵Ķ  ʫѲɾЩȻ;ʵǿ
ܵľøʫ϶ǱһƭˣΪһûκεʵϣ
ҳȥҸִ˵ʲôϵ˵ˣ㶮鷨𣿡ʫŶ
ǺǣďŮ˵һ㰡
ʱֽһˣȻҲʶǸŸղһˡ
ϡ
ʫһˣҲһⶭϺԼүү൱ﰡ
Լүү˵ⶭϵ鷨Ҫ߳һ  ʫȻҲ׵ˣο˼ǿأ
үүô˰һԼүүˣ·𿴵ʲôһ㣡  СҲǳϢˣ˼Ҷˣ㻹ƤĴ߸ʲô
үүʫӦͦϲʫģʱŸʫ˵ء
ʫôˣҸղѾĺˣǼǲ̫鷨ڻ滭ӦҲͬ˲ɣ
ϣҲǸ˼ʫЩƣû뵽Լĵһ仰ȻϾűӲš
˭֪ⶭϻǳģʫҲֻнп಻ķˡ
Ǽȫ滭Ĺھ졣ڻ滭һ֮УԼڶû˭ҳԼһɣ
ԼӼΪİҪԭΪԼ൱ĸԼ
񿴵˸ʫ˵˵ԼӣҲ̲ס԰
γ֪Լϲĸʫأ  Ůӣ㲻סĻԺԼӻŮѹģ  ׿˿ӹһ˿ˬһΣһƷжûУٸߵ裬Ҳܹ֮ΪңԶҲ·ߵĺԶġ
㣿ףбһ⣬ٳɲ˴ңҲСǿˣʲôʸ˵ӣ
ʫѹЩˣ׳ˣҲЩ˵ϣ˵ûʸʱûԼأ




381ٳͻ
 

ĺԺĶһ䷿档
ԭֻߣɵʫͶ˽ʱطԵ
񿴵ԼӱďŮҲǿȥ˽
԰һ֮ȥʫСӸ˵²̨ˡ
СӾȻ˵ԼǰꣿǺεȵ谡  Ҫ֪Լ׻鷨Эĸ᳤˵ʵďԼʵԼҲһġ
͸˵⸶ď̳Ůˣһ˾ȻҵԼӻ˵棬˵Լˡ
㸶ʫѲɲ֪Լʵ
ʫһ˵֮ԼҲˣⶭƽʱһС֮ˡ
ԼүүͣȻ˻ãϻǹȥġ
Ͼ鷨Эĸ᳤ҪֵòɿĻҵҲᱻ˿ġ
Ȼ˵޵һ޵ڶ鷨˭뵱Ǹһأ  ʫďûнһЩʲôõģǽ̻֪
ǳԭⷿĴǴŵģһôϲʱȻ˷쭡
һʱ䣬˽㣡
ď٣һϵ˶鷨Эġ
ʶ˻൱ģǶһŭܿ˹עһˡ
ϣǡ
鷨ЭĻԱԭ̽һ鷨ûиղôﵽǸطȻˡ
⼸ƽʱҲĽ֮ˣ鷨ǳݵĽ
ᣬ⼸ȻҲˡ
ߣď˸ŮһСȻô˵Ҫďٳ˵ʲôҲѾͷ
ŭĿԲ亮˪
⼸˿Ŷ㣬ҲЩо֣̿Ƕ֪⵽ôأ  λ鷨̳˭Ҳﲻ𰡣
һ˿Ŷϣʫ£ͲҪһʶ˰ɣ
ߣֱûн
˵仰ʱѾŭ죬һСӿŭѡ
ʫԭ˵֮Щڣɵⶭ˵ԽԽ֮
Ҳģ
׿ⶭЦһһϰʮˣһСŮƽϣͽΪĽĻҾûûнǱȽϺһЩ
㡭㡭
ᣬЩȷԼʫ³ˣһʱɫǺ졣
һԵĶԼүүŭߵ׵ĸǰ׼֡
ʫһҪ֣ܵ˶ĸǰҪִ磬ȴң
ʫ㡭ŭգû뵽ԼϲŮȻΪһ˸ԼŸɡ
׵ǳȣȻһЦղСʱôûм㶯֣Լ˱˾͹ǽˣ
Сӣô˵أ֪ⶭ˭ֵҲǰǻ˵
һҲ˭ѹҲ֪
úúãҰѸďҵҪ·ɣ
ԼؿڣҪ֪ƽʱط˭ҸԼô˵
ɽһģ  ȻҸԼô˵Ķˣȴûа취
ĶֵĻǾ³ˣ  ҪôһҪôԼ뿪Ҫ⸶ďôŪ  񿴵ó⸶ʫǰΪġ
һ֣Ҳһʯ֮ˣ  ôďѡҪһ˵ģСӾԲܸҵԼ
Ļ϶ͲղСˣҲΪԼ׷ʫĵ·ɨһϰˡ
ϣȥϹ
һһô˵̳˹ȥ˵ʵ⸶ϵĺԺ൱Ĵ
ď֮ǰһֱڽӴſˣϾԼʮ١
ûͣ೤ʱ䣬Ϳһ˳Լ˳˹
ϲˡ
˿ȥһЩҲЩôϲ˵ĻҲɫʵ
Ҳû̫ע⸶ďı飬ϣϺŮͻˣڡڶȥء
ʲôŮͻˣĸİďɫ൱ѿ
ԼŮôܸͻأ  ԼŮôµĻҲܿȥﶭɣ
Ȼ֪ʲô֪Ȼˣǿ϶С£ҪȻһҲܹġ
ďɫ൱ѿųµĵص˹ȥ
˿̣ǱߵȴŸďĵďԶ߹ʱûվ
ϲϴٰ
׿ď߽ʱվďк
һԵĸď֮ȻȻҪˣľȰѶһˡ
ԭȴŸďѯԼĶ񣬸оžžžĴ˺ü¡




382³ס
 

Сְʲôʱİ
ďһףʱ泩ԼŮһֱ߶߶Ҫȥִ硣
ҲεĺܣʵďԼ֪ԼŮ϶Ƕ˼е˼ˡ
˼ϵδŮԼŮܲҲɣ  ҪĻԼԺϵ涼Ҽˣ
ϣҲǸոյûжãЦŵ
ďһЦСְǸойⰡ
˵ЦˣҾǹٷѣǺǣ׶ԸďҲǱȽϿˡ
ď˿ʫʫղ˵߳ˣ׳ʲô飿
үүûнִͻ䣬Ȼܻˣ˵Ҫ˵ء
ʫ⻰˵öɫѿ˼㣬Ȼӵģô˵һҲûˡ
Լһʮˣ⼸ڳܣһû
֪ĻΪԴСء
ʱﻹܹסû뵽ʫСѾͷھȻôˣ
ϰһΪʲô£СӼҼҵĲ£ŵ㣡ďһҲЦ
ЦһҵǿԵҵ鷨ȴܵ
ôˣ
ďŶЩɻʵ鷨ʲôϵأ
һԵĶһ̵ϣɲ֪ղСĺܰ
ʲôִ˵ҲǱ⻰ʫһ
ԭָԼܹ˵Ҳʡڸďǰӡ
ԼʼվͲ˵ʫĻҲ̾һƵĺܰ
ͲҪˣďď̳ĺŮҽ쵹Ҫ˵ıǿ
ďһ붼֪ʲôˣ
鶭СΪʫ˵仰ڿⶭĵҪӰ
ďʵҲϣԼͶ鷨ϣôһ˿˿Ĳࡣ
ȻಢԣʮƷҲиԳԽġ
ֻ˵Ҫôһ˿˿ģ  ɸď֪Լ׵Ĳ࣬˼һ֣ԼһӶԸˡ
Ȼˣ˻һҲһɾǱďˣôأ  ⶭҪԼſڶˣҪĻҪЦˣ
ϰϣӼƽʲôأ˵ֲٿⲻǣďٺһЦ
ďҪ㲻ҪһҪأ
עôʣďɫһŶղŸô˵ģΪԼ鷨͵Ƿ켫𣿻Զأ
ďďͿ㲻˳ˣҵҪʶʶˣҸ˭Զ
û뵽⸶ďȻҲ˵ţ鷨Ȼ̸ϵǷ켫Ҳ൱ˮ׼ˣ
⸶ďô鷨ЭˣȻ˵ԼԶء
ҪʵԼҲˣϼһԼȻҽѵԼˣ
㻹Ϊ鷨˲ˣûп˵鷨֮ҿԲλˣ
ďʼվͲ˵˾ףҪ̼
ʵҲֺ֪¶֮ʵ鷨û棬УҲǴһ˿п룡
ď㵹һԲλ˳ưҲҶˣǹ˵вУ
Ÿďг˱ĺͲм
ǰϣȻʮ٣Ǿöϵ鷨ѾǵǷ켫ˣ
ɲզΣϵ鷨Ȧǿǹϵĵһ
ֹϰ鷨ô꣬ûпȶдġ
ϣɲҪΪƽʵС̫ˣ
ďЦһǰЩ˵ĻһֱڷЦ
Ǹ֪׵ʱŶ˵ʱžžĿ¾Լˡ
ʫʵǿȥִͱ
СӣүүҪǱүүĻǸԺȦ
оЦЦһ㣬Ŷ
ŸʫƤӣʵڿǸһܹʲôĶˣ
ִ硭
ʫףҲǱƵĺܣʵִǸʲôʵ
ִ̫ܳסˣҪԼִˮƽĻͰⶭȥˡ
ЦŵʫС㣬˵ˣ鷨Ǻ¶ݣĳǾԳ˺õƷģ
ďҹôһаΪ˶Ķң
ӹһ˿ı䣬Ц֮ѾԱˡ




383²ͷ
 

ďͶͬΪ׻鷨Эߣһ̱ŷìѾǰˡ
ʵ鷨Эڲܶ˶֪ďͶ˲ϡ
һ˶лΪһ鷨ЭĻ᳤˱鷨ң⾺Ҳġ
һΪʫĹϵďȻҲˣ
˵ˣⶭҪ׹ȥԼҲûκεİ취ˡ
׵ĸǰҲֻǸѧ㶭ΪԼţ  У񰡶㻹ǸԼ𰡣ҪУ𣿡
ď˵һ㶼ӣһּöף  ڶ⸶ďʵ̫ˣ  Ȼ˵Լһ˶磿ǳһư
ЦһďΪĴ٣ҾͲĳӣ
ď΢΢һЦһԿ
ϣĴ٣˷ҪֵĻҲֻз㵽ˣʱһεĳˡ
ʵԭֻЩͶǸһ֮ɫ
ʵѧҲ˵Ŀ˰ɣ  ѲͲ֪ĵ
үүһﾹȻ˵Ҫ㵽ףүүҪǸ˱ԣǲ𣿡
һ˵һöĻ
ЦһҸȣ㻹ûʸ񣡣
ϣǿЦİɣϿ鷨ѧ¸صǰôһé®СӸᲢأ
վڶԱߣһȥʮҲ΢΢һЦ
Ŷ˿ȻҲϣԼվܹõϵ͡
Ŷ΢΢ͷӣеˡ
ď˿ˣֿ˿ٺһЦΪʦĵѲǲ鷨ϵ裬ѾǵǷ켫
˸ď˵˵ȥҪС𣿸Ҷ鷨С벻ѰģǲǿΪŮˣ˵Ĳֶˣ
ıչ¶ţΪǸďһֶΣĿľΪס
ЦһȻôţǵȸ֮ʱаɣ
ߣүү˵ǲСүүǲҪ㰡
ѾƶΪ϶ˡ
ֵľΪ˳˵ĲҪ棬ڿʫһӾͲƽˣ
Ц˼ďСұҲԣҪҸᡭ
үүΪʲôҪСӰڶĻû˵֮ʣѾǱQˡ
ďЦŵ񣬽ûг֮ǰòҪ˵ִ󻰣
˿̵·Ѿ˶֮һСҪʢˣһοǲˡ
ĴţСôҲӮġ
ֻǶȴôΪ˿̵൱ţ  ˿үүĻû˵ꡭ
үүҲһƣĳǸԶԶ
ďŶл˵
һ仰û˵ⶭֱѪ
һȣȻԱȣͷʱҲ˰
ʲô˼
ďɫһ֪һûаʲôġ
һЦȻҪδŮȻҲеջǣҼǵúϵļһ˪ͼΪϲ
㡭㾹ȻҪҵ˪ͼďɫ˲
ȻҪȣǲͷôȰѲҪײɣұȣǾСӸҹ
˿Ĳ棬ŭѾѹ˺ܾˡ
Ҫǹ˼һЩԱӣͳŸďͷˡ
ߣ
ďЦһ˿ףһҲЩԥ
Ҫ֪˪ͼǸΪֵǮһֻǹĶ
ȻˣďĵģֻⰡ  ôˣď첻ҲǼҲҶӣ
׿Ŷ㿴˸ϵ˪ͼʲôأ
СӾȻӮΪЦ
׿˿ɵĿԣȥӮѲɰҶɣ
񣬼ȻҪҵ˪ͼԣďҲøĶɣ˵ǼҵǸͼҲ漣
үүǿҡһͼֵʱ˶Q
ѧģȻⴺͼˡ
һ۶Ȼ˿ďãǾҵĴͼ˪ͼעҵҪһôӮңߡ
˵궭Ͷ˷ȥ




384¸Ϸˣ
 

ִ硭
ʫףҲǴһĨ֮ɫȻ֪׵ʵǿ
ɶʵҲ˪ͼԼҲҪϲһֻôܲأ  ď˿׵Сְⴺͼҿ˺ܾ˰һοȫ˰
ݸһЦΪ
УʵҲνⶫҲ֮ѣď΢΢һЦ
ʵϣķǳϲ˪ͼƽʱǶ䱦һ㡣
ֻ飬Ҳûκεİ취ѡ
ǶĻԲԼİ˪ͼע
ЩʱԼİĶҪҪ
οڸďⶭĿԺܴȻеǣɸһ˿ϣǣ
ď뿪ߣʫ֮УܶԭҪɿȻˡ
ʫҲһûһţԿóʫصġ
ʵʫѾоĳԼĵһֱ仯ָһĸоܺá
Ҳ֪ѣԼҪĸѵĻԼҲȥ
ܾᣡ
׵ûʲôҲģԸʫ쵹ҲǸоͦõġ
㣡  ѾʼլķжȥϵĴٺܿҪʼˡ
ڿʼ֮ǰǻһϵеĻ
ʱĸլѾַǷˣ  ͼһ
ϷἯ춭һԡ
㼯Żƶһֻ

ⲢǸҵͷϵֲΣܶ˶Ҫӵġ
ʲôҲнģ
ʵЩͳʱ˼ʱҲҪسȥġ
ⲻһѣȴǳпͷ  ױ鷨һ
ⶭ鷨ҵѾǶ֮˵һֻܹ󼸰ǧ򣡣  ⶫͳʱ򣬺ܶҲǷ˾֮̾
ʵղǸʲôʲôرõ֡
һļֵһңȻˣʱȥǱߵʱ򣬻϶ԼֻԼֵҲǳƽġ
ɶ͸Ȼ󣬵۸ȴܴ
ͬΪ⣬ⶭֻһļֵϣϵֵֻȴֻҡ
û뵽ϵƷֳ˰
ǰ˵Ϻ͸ϲͣȴû뵽ϻԸԼƷ
Ҫܹõϵ漣Ҳ޺˰
˵أⶭϿײʵİ
һƬ֮ĿǰϵƷֵ൱Ŀɹ۵İ
һֱڵҪһͳʲô
һֱ׶ûóԼ
ԭ׻Ǹ׼˸ı뷨ˡ
һⶭҪԼԼƷõ  ʫҲһεĿףҲϣܹóһ𾪵鷨
ʧķִ֣ûκεıʾ  λλ
ƷѾվ¶Ц⡣
٣ʲôҪɣǺǡһڶԱߵһЦʵ
һ۸ʫȻڽ磬үү鷨ܵɣ
ʲôϵ鷨Ȼܵɣļٵİһ˾
λȻԼָףȻһ񶼸ˡ
ʲôμӸϵ磬Ȼ񶼲ǡ
ǰ˵˭ôᣬû뵽ȴһûгϢ
ɲզΣԻҲÿʱɣǸϵʮٰ
ûǮҲ˼һ°ɣǿɶǸ˵İ
һȺˣ˲Խб  û뵽μģȻûиġ
λλҸߴһϢһһԿүүλ֪ʲôֵļһ鷨ˣ
٣ǿЦɣһҪϱ鷨ԱߣЩ𾪵ˡ
΢΢һЦǿЦһвͷġ
вͷС񶼲ʲôܸͷ˼ʵ
ďŶＱӣҲǴݵվ˳ҵ˪ͼͶĴͼ
ď˻һȫһƬȻ
ôҲû뵽⸶ϾȻ˵ĵزⴺͼ˪ͼʲô  ϾȻһСӸȥ鷨ҶעȻ֮
ֱǰͰ
ڳ֮У³˺Ϻ֮⣬оϷˣ




385³ӵĶ
 

ϵլڣһƬƻԻ͡
⸶ϵլ൱Ĵ󣬿ȥٸƽҡ
̨ϰҺ͸ƷԱ߻רŵ˿
Ϻ͸ʫվм䣬ǵԱΧ˱͡
ʱվȺ룬ϴȾ
Ŀķǳļ򵥣ǾҪǱڵĸԼŮ˵Ķֳ׵Ĵ壡  ȻˣһĿľµʱďһҲˡ
һʼóͼΪעʱ򣬶ܵΪҪⴺͼɾûˡ
ɺ룬ʵӵģⴺͼص㡣
ԼүүصΪǴѾõ˪ͼ
ע֮ڣĿҲһʯΪľǵõ˪ͼ˲֪ߵغף  ϣİ˪ͼóΪͷϵԱߣǹ㼯ŵĻƶҲһ𾪵ĿŸϡ
΢΢һЦ˪ͼȻ󣬲ҵʮգóͷҲδɡѾˣȥĶҪأ
⻰˵һⶼûУ
ֻǻƶЩ̾Ϣ˵ֵĻԸ߼۹ôͼ
ߣƶϿϳֵĻ˪ͼҲֲɣһԺϷἯŵ춭̳
ϿѾȳˣҲǰڰֵ˪ͼֻóһβͷҲϧӮˣԺԶˡ
ϧ˰ƶ춭ͬʱ
ЦŵһλıƷǿԿλϣûɣ
ߣҵª˿ϣһΣ
ȻԸɽϾǸďٳȻ˵ˣԼôҲҪӰɣ  뵽һܹõ˪ͼҲЩ˷
ďֿ˿׵أ
ЦŵԭҾǴҵƷΪ븶ϣһȻϵ˼ˣ
ďһЦãȻ˵Ļôˣ
˶ΪڴĿŶʵ׵Ʒûж˻Ȥ
ǶϵƷɾͲһˣٴĿǰǼղؼֵġ
һԼƷ踶ΪЦ˼һǵһμ˲Ҫ˰ƷΪ˭Ҫֱ֪ͣܡ
˼ʲô˼ҵ飬ʲôϵҪָֻŵʫһӣһ
ǾָƷܹԼүүҲ൱ֵǮġ
˲ûпָ֣ǿֵָĻǾͻˣ
һʫ仰ŶڰֵȻ˼ҾԼƷãǾǺȻиʤʱǾͿƷյļ۸ʤΣ
⡭ⲻ۸ָûʫܵ˵
ďŸʫú֣
һԵϺͺҲ΢΢һЦϳʫеֵ¼£ȻѾ˶ľ֣ǵŴҶͷϣʼΣ
Ȼ˵ˣǾͿʼɣĥȺ˳һƬ֧֮
Цһһҿ㻹ôЦó
ĸλ鷨Ҿ鷨̳ǵʵǷǳĳڡ
Ȼˣڱȵվڽ˵Ƕϣǿ鷨һĵﰡ
һרϰ鷨ĳѾһֽ
Ʒ֮󣬵ʱֻҪǾһƷˡ
ߵ׵ĸǰЦһ˭
νʼ
ʲõ˵˵ĻҾשɣ
ʵש񣿼ֱҪ׾޴ѹƷѾˡ
ƷĿǰϼܻӭкܶԸ߼򣡣
ҲǶдٶֵôǮʵƷΪϡٲűü۸ԽԽߡ
ѲԼ֪ϡΪĵ
ߵ̨ǰ棬һеıʡ
˿̵İԼ۾ƺһֿ״̬֮С
д֮ǰϰߣΪõķӳԼʵ
ԼĪ˰֮󣬶۾Ȼ˿
΢΢һеıѾսɳʿһʼˣ  룡  ĸ˲ԾȻֽϣ󿪴ϣһǳɣ
ã
ĸӳʱ˼ͬʱг
˿ǧﶼһ֣ǾǺã
ڿϳ˰ĸֱּ뻯ĳȰԸļ۸¡
˻鷨֮У˿̹㼯ŵĻƶѾǱ۳ˡ




386ֻ˫
 

ˣ  һ־ʯ쾪һԼԼķӣ˵ĸǽʱӵõһΡ
ʵĽǶȻٵ֣ٵĸ֮ļȵȣﵽΪ״̬
ԭΪһεķӲûôĺãϾ鷨Ҫдġ
˹עĿ֮УȻЩˣ  ďƷʱҲЩˣ֮ǰΪԼͶ֮Ĳಢûôԡ
ɽ쿴˶ķ֮ŷԼĲǵûбСѾ˽һΡ
ӵúõĳɷ֣Ͳ֣оԼʹԵĲˡ
鷨˺Ͳ鷨֮ȻܹԵĲġ
һԵĸʫȷ֮ɫҲЩѿ
Ҫִ緢ӵĲõĻпܻᷭˡ
Ͼ֪ûжôĸߣ  ҳ˰򣡣ϷἯŵ춭һƶֵ̳֮
ƶ˿춭춭Ѿ˶ϵˣ⻹һûءһǧ򣡣
춭΢΢һЦ³˫һǧһ򣡣
˾Ϳһıˣ˲̫ϲ̽˽
Ϊ֮̽ˣմ֮ͭζ  춭ͻƶλϰǸďʱѡ
һҲ֮У˶鷨Ҳ൱ĳԡ
ƶ춭һǧ򣡣
ȥƶѾǵ˼ˣƷһǧѾǼˣһۡ
춭۾Ҳգһµһǧ򣡣
죬Сӹݰ
ƶʵϱ춭ǮһһˣоֵʱԲֵġ
춭ǮѹҲǶô˵һ顣
ο۸ߵãΪӵĻ˶Ҫ
춭һЦϻƣ˰
˵Ҳ¶һ˿˿ЦݣȻʵԤļ۸Ҫ߳˼򣬲оֵõġ
ĿǰϽĶϵƷǺܶ࣬϶û׼ʮ۸ܷö౶ˡ
ďɫҲǺܺÿԭΪļ۸һǧڡ
׵ƷȻǿģʵĻ±ȶֹ߳һأ  ⶭѾǳˣڼ׸ҵûκε˳£ջǲ˵
鷨ۺϿ۸Ȿһ΢Ĳ档
һǧļ۸Ҳ΢΢ͷ۸Ҳ൱⡣
ӦҲܹԳԼʵˣ  һӱĺҲº͵һЦСѣһֵ˰Ҫѹ
ʵô˵Ҫ׾޴ѹ  ԼƷдˣ۸ѾǴﵽһǧϻд鷨ԼֵǮģ˹Ŷ  ִ磬ҪȻҸĥʫվ˳
һԵЦŵҵƷЩӣҪкܶ಻ͬɫ
ִǴʫһЩԾĿʵ
Ҫ֪׵ǿģ׵Ļȴûм
΢΢ͷȻ͸ϵģȻǽ߾ȫˣ
һЦҿ㣬ȫĹھЩǰǰ㣿
ѹҲһʵ̫ˣ  ʫ׵ǶĥɫѣִԵȣȥ׼һ¡
һ֮󣬸ʫѾ׼ȫ
˵Ŀⶼ׵ϣȻˣһֲм  ܹԲܣ  ʱѾԼƷȻǸϵٳƷȻΧƸٶˣ
ɡˮɽʯ  ֽ֮ϣѾǹճĳΡ
±ʵٶȺͱһԵĶʿˮ
Ϊһ滭ˣ±ʵ̶̼ӵʱڣѾöһգ  ʱһһţԭЩмһ˵˿չֳ˳֮ǵĿѾǱˣ  ù󣡣  һˮͼԾȻֽϣɴ̡ˮӹճȻζ
һ֮̾ʣ
׿˿˵΢΢һЦһ˱ʣ
綫ˮٱɽɣ  ֻ˫  ͸ֳֽ֮ƺ涼˹
ϡ䣬ˮ˵ƾ˵ĸǰ˷·Ļ֮У  ֳԽȻף˸оһĳ죡
һ̣ƺܵԴһҪеĳ嶯
һڳ˻ζ  ӣ
ӵʱ䣬Ȼûһ˵һ֣һ·𶼳УһЩ˵Ѿǳ񾲵ȻЦݣ  ׵ĻȻȻûз̫ʵѾǳԽļ£




387¸
 

գ
֪˭ʱ򺰳˵һܿЩѾĻع
ղŵ˿˿񾲴˿̻ǵĵţ  ʵû뵽ᾹȻд˵ȹ
ŹʦҲ˰ɣ
Ҳ̫⾳ȴܹܵĳŰ
˵⼸֣Ѿǳҵⷶ룬ֱ֮ʰ
ƷҿµûζһӰʵǼɣɰ
һʱ䣬֮粻ҪǮһף
⿼ĿɲĻ滭ǿ鷨
ܹϵģȴΪ࣡  һˣܹڳ˶ȥƾһݹѾЩܹˣ  񿴵Ʒ֮ȻҲĳС
ͦεʺˮ񾲣ʹ˶оһ磡  ΪԵĻҲòһʵѾǳԽԼǳԽ˺ܶˣ  ôҲû뵽һ˾ȻĹɫѾǷǳѿˣ
˳һЦţƷΩΩФ仰˻㾦֮ʡ
֪ƼҲôΪġȻֵ࣬չֵĻְ
Ҳһ԰ǻȻϵ鷨ֻϵȣͺϵĽλ൱ĸߵġ
λ۰ɣ
ďźЦŵʵһƷΪоƷѾǳԽԼ˪ͼ
ֻڲҪֳһʤҪʱ򳹳׵׵Ĵ  ǧ򣡣
㼯ŵĻƶһӾͺ˾˵ۣǧܹƷĻҲ
ղһ˲䣬ѾУȻȻԵøоʹ쳣Ȼ  һξ۾ĿƷʱ򣬾ȻһεĲĸо
ŵǣҪܹһĻĳ֮УܵɽҰ԰ָоˡ
ͬоǱ춭ˣŻƶٺһЦǧ򣡣
ʤѷ֣
һβǰˣܣ  ˶Ҫյļ۸񵽵Ƕ٣
ǧ򣡣ƶ˿õ˵һڣҲҪ

һڣʲôƶǲǷ˰Ҫ֪һֱһ൱ǵ˰
춭ЦһŻأһڣ
ƶѿڶû뵽춭Ȼľͺһڣ  һСӵƷֱӽмһڣж  ʱڳĻѾǱЩһˣ
׵̫̫Ķһ˺ѿó
Ʒʵ϶Գ֮ΪһˣȻˣҪŵĻԺҲ൱ĺô
ď춭ͻƶӣڰֵ춭ƶ
ϣ⻹ûзֳʤء춭ͻƶͬʱ
ďһֵΪ˲ǵĺҾˮͼˣ
ϣôܳأ춭̵Щ  һԵĻƶҲǵϣֲǵһ˺ˣ²°
ϳ˵˲Ǳǲˣ

ڳ˼ͬʱ̾һƷյļ۸Ѿû֪ˡ
ǽ죬춭ͻƶҲûзֳһߵͳ
ôأ
ⶫ˼͸ϵ˼ֵǵĶȻ˵ˡ
ŸһӣǶ֪ǸԼƷˣ
зѣһﵽ˻ǹôСô˵Ĺأ  ˣоԼĪȻĲԩ  ʵ̫ˣֻʵ벻ͨһﵽôģ
ѾʽˣďȴδŹһŶϣⴺͼ
ߣҶȻ˵㻰ұ˰ⴺͼ͵ĸϣ˿һԵĶŸʲôߣ
˵ϰôҲóԸ߰ɣďźЦŵŶԱӣҲһ泩
һԼӷȥ  Ƕֱ뿪ʱ˶һֱ֮УһʧȥĿɲһͼ  оԼ븶ʫѾнԶˣ
״˿ܵ˵׷Ȼĺͺϡϡϵһ  һԵÿһ˵϶Цݣ  ֱҹײŴӸ뿪ȻϺ͸ʫҲûдߡ
׳ҵķ˹ȥ
ϾӦ˹ļ棬ҲðϷݸ˰ɣ  һεҲһʱ𣬵Ȼˣлһԭʵ첢֪




388һѪ
 

ң
׶һҵԺ棡
ʱ򿴵ߣҲһ
ôһߣ
˵֮ǰ׵һ˵ĻôǶǷĵһأ  ʵ̫ǿˣڹֵı֣Ǵ۾  ׿Цŵ涭أи顭
һôʲôֱ˵һЦ
׵ͷھĻϵʱǸ˵ǰѾ轣
ԭ˵鰡ұĴǸ˵ġϾļ۸ǳĶѾõA39ؿѾû˺֮ǣ⾪轣ϲĻҾ͸ˣ
˵Ҳ൱ˬ죬롣
֮Ѿкܶ˴绰ʼףˣм涼һֶԺհ˼
һЩѾ׼ԼŴˣһжΪSONOܶ׺ͺ̬ȵĸıӦ
ڵֻҪ⣬һڴֻʱˡ
轣ȷǼ洫ģҲһŶѣ
֮ǰˣҲΪܶʷ档
ȻҪĻȻǺĵģ  ЦŵˣǾͶЩ涭˰
ҪôĻҿɾͲ˰ҪҵĶҸ˻ء
ҲǹЦҲ׵һЩˡ
˼ҲԼҵӣǸ˺һηԾĻᣬһѾ轣ʲôأ
ЦЦȻ˵ĻҾͲ涭ˣ
ǿ֮󣬽Ҫȥܶ滮ƷҲźܶ飬ҾȲ˰ȹÿ֮Ǻúþ۾ۣ
æҪĻ϶ܷײܵġ
Цŵ涭æ
֣ȻԵȥѾ轣ȡ
ԵͷȻЦŵ
ܿ죬ԾʹһңӦҲرĵص㣡  ⾪轣ͰİǱߣ⽣Ҳûʲôر֮  Ʒ
һ֪⾪轣ƷʣƷҲȱ֮ˡ
԰Ѷ֮ҲǼҴҵ뿪ߡ
Լҵĸ  ǿһ·ŵʱ Ҳüͷһϲ  һûƭԼǣ  ιߡ
׵ķкһ¡
ʵѾǿ˹죬˹ҲЦŵλ簡

켸ͬʱһʼΪһﴵţġ
û뵽һﾹȻóһҾôֵС
ҪǱ·߿Ļǿͱˣ  ùɫһһԵĹЦе˵û뵽㾹ȻҪĶ
׿˿㡭ʲôǿ˵ģ
쿴׵ǼȻӦˣȻʳˣ
ʵҲڶǣ׼ٶһʱüͷһ壡  ֮ǰ⾪轣ǷһƵĺģһ󷨣ҪӦǷֹ˿ӵġ
׸ó֮Ǳ¶˵ǰ  ʵ΢ǿһЩˣһľܹܵõĴˡ
Ͼߵ൱Ĵģ
ð
ɺǿѾԶոմѾùɫ䣡
ԥĴ뿪ߣһԵĹҲǳһ˹ȥ  ɽ
ɽھˣȻΪβҵɽıΪѶȼ˼  ͹һ·׷ϣǱȳ򼲳۶ȥ
ɽ࣬ƺʼˣ
ܿһȥʮµӴһ֮µŮѾǰ͹Χס
ʦ壿
ԭΪ׷ɱǵʲôˣɵ˵ʱЦԭλȻǵʦӺƺķգ  ţҶ˺ܾˣСùɣӺЦŵ
ʦ壬ȵõģŹأȵȵã
˭Ҫõ  أ  ӺƴһӣһϢֱ并ĸǰֻǹ˲䱻ɳȥʮԶ
ʦ壬ʲôЩٴеĿӺƺա
տӺƳƸ磬粻˳٣Ҫ˿¾Ͳˣɱǵõ˳˺󻼣
͹ôҲû뵽Լλʦ徹ȻʱҪʹɱ֣  淨һУ  һ̷·κζҪ




389ԭǸְ
 

ɽ࣡  ӺƷ򸾿ŹʱɱƵ֣  ʵϣҲ֮ˣӺƸĳϣȨܴ  ӺƷ򸾺͹ʦͬţǶĳ̫ڵˣ
ʵ칶ͰȡߵĻҲûнˡ
Ǵɽɺɽȥ֮󣬱
ӺƷŴ£ʹȥһ֮ˣ֪֮˲йˡ
ǾͰҵ˵һ飬ᵽ˹Ҫȥһ׽Сȥȡ  Ϣ֮ӺƷ൱˷ܰ
Ҫ֪ļֵǼģܹõһĻ˻׸ŵĻʱԴǸܸܵΣ
ǹ͸ŵĻһиûʲô  ˵׽Ե࣬ӺƷ׽ʮʱ䣬ûʲôԵ
û뵽ۿžҪˣȻ
ܲ
һǸŹߣϢȵȷֵʱǲŸųˣ  ʵϣʱӺƷѾΧѰһ飬ûзκټ  һֱ׽ó֮ǲŷ֣
ʦ壬ǿ֪ɱͬڹ棬ҲûкùӳԵġ
쵽ʱ򻹸̸ʲôڹ棬Щ̫ˣ  صĿǿжѪӺƷ򸾵㡭ʱŲŹǵģ
׳׵ˣһﻹǲϰ
ǵʵǲģ˫úһµĻպ϶ܹһĳɾ͡
ֻ˵ʱȻڹˣҪŹصĻ  ȻӺ˹˵ǣǹһЦҪڰǸɱˣ˵Ż֪𣿡
㡭ǾȻΪһͲкͬţǲú
Ѿǳ˾  ôҲû뵽ɱԼĻԼλʦ壬ʱҪֿѾǲˣ
Ϊǵʵλʦʵȣһ棡
ĵȥɣڻȪ·Ҳи飬ҳ֮󣬻ǵǽյĹ׵ģ
ӺƿЦ˼ջʵ̫̫ˣԼû뵽Ⱳܹӵһ
տӺƵְɣ
žžž
պӺ׼֮ʣȴǸ׽СӾȻһԹˡ
ߣ֪ν
ӺЦһһѹѾǳǵضȥ
ѹ׵ĸǰƺԶʧһ㣬ӺЩƲѡ
׿˳ɱͬŵǶó˹Ŀ࿴
ףԲ𣬶Ǻ㣡
һѾǾ͸ˣ׾Ȼվʱһĸо
ԼΣ񲻹ҲǺһĽֶѣ
ֻЩ̣Ͼ˼ΪԼŰģǡǡǺ
տӺƳɱСӣ˵
δ䣡  һɿֲϢѾɽ࣬ǹɿֲѹǰӺƺսĹ˵ϣ  Ƹ磬Си֡졭ܡһӷӦ˹ȿֲϢĪ  ӺƵɫֱ䣬ϥصĿȻ󹰹ֵ̫Ӻƣǰһ
Ǻǣ֪ˣղŲǻҪɱô
׵Եͳɵ֮󣬲һԵӺƷ򸾸ɵˣ  ԱߵĹҲŵĿɿڴ  һﲻǸ֮ǰĹ˵˼ƽƽʺġ
û뵽˾Ȼһ֣һǳֲĳ֣
㡭㡭㡭
˰죬û˵óһȻ
һԵŵЩ̱˵ϣ
׳Ź΢΢һЦһûгɣôܹأǺǡ
ǰҡ
ɫͨ죬֪һǱһǰˣˡ
ԭһǸְ
ӺƷ򸾿ףȴѾŵòˣ
̫ڵˣ׳ӺƷ΢΢һЦ
ǣҵȲ֪ǰ٣ײǰǰԭ¡Ӻæĵ
΢΢ҡͷ̫ڵӡͲ̫ãڿǾ͸ˡֻܹǵãң
˵꣬ӺƷ˵ʲôѾǱһŽס
ܿ죬ӺƷ򸾱ʧռ֮Уµ




390Ϣ
 

ǰ
ͬʱʿˮôҲû뵽׽СӾȻһ֣
ɣŵҩˡ
׷֮óһöҩݸ˹ĳȥ
˼֮֮ǰĵѾǻָһ˿ӡ
Щǰ֮ͬʱ
׿ЦŵǶģû뵽飡
Ҳû뵽ͬŵʦ徹ȻΪһʹɱ֣ᵽʱߡ
̫ڵ˻ᰡҲǷһͨп
ǰ̫ì𣿡Լ˵ʱͦɵģΪ֮ǰЩӴ
ЦŵԺǾ֪ˣˣ
ţǰҲ֪飿쿴г𾴣˭ǿأ
̵ʦ֣ǰ׽磬ô֪ܲĴأĪǰϴ󣿣
ʲôϴҿûȤЦŵ
ҿǰһΪϴءЦЦ
㱿ҪǰϴӺܲʶǿԽӴĸ߲ģ
Ҳ԰Щ˼˵
Цʵˣ֪֪һְˣ
ҲҪְ鵽Ǹʲôɫ  ûʲôʶĻ칬黹ĩɫˡ
칬ּҵ𣿡쿴ѯʵ
Ǻǣ㻹֪ҲЦ
ǰʵҲո˵칬¾ҪˣѲǰ;칬ҲгԹ
ţô£׳ҲЩɻ
칬úõΪʲôͲأ˵ԭǴֽ칬̫幬϶Ϊһġ
Ϊ֮ǰϵļг£Եһʱ䣡  һֱûеȥ飬칬ʲôط֪
ǧѾûӰ  칬̫幬ķѵģ²ʻĲ֪ҵʲôط  ׵칬̫幬ϣǰӦ֪İɣ
ҵȻ֪׵ͷ
ʵҲ˵ģ嵽ʲôҲ֪
ͷǰǰǲֻ̫֪칬˸ˣҲ֣ǿʳÿ켸Ż߼屻𡭡
׵ɫȻ˲û˵Ȼ
˵м棬һ飬ǾҪ칬ÿˣ  ҪˣµԼȥʱ칬ˣ
˭ʶ칬׿Źʵ
ʶ
̵ȥ칬ȥ£Ҳ˵طǾ칬
ֻûȥ칬ط֪ġ
ţǰʦ֮ǰȥһΡ쿴ǰͻȻɫҲһ
ɣһˣȷѡ׳
ǰĴǣҲû뵽׾Ȼ˵Ļ
һʼΪǿԵõģɺ׾ȻǸּٰġ
ô˼ҲͶûˣ  ǿǰǿһЦѣļֵǵȻ֪
ǰˣҲǼֵǵĶ˼˵ʲôҲܸЩʵ΢˵İɣ
ˣ̴ǰ칬
׽еһ˦轣Ѿǲĸǰ
ЩĪĿף˶ڼ֮У  һ̧ͷʱȴǰԼʦѾʧɽࡣ
칬ش֮ʵľ칬ľ칬ڵء
Ҫ֪̫幬ʢʱڣҲǰ˷ĸо  ھȻ˹  ǧߵ̨ţҲֻʣЩˡ
ǰ칬ǰ治Զĵط
ָָǰƬɽïܵĵطҲǳ
׿˿ȻóһԵ֣㣡
ǰղѾһˡЩΡΡ˵Ҹ̫ͻȻ˶Ļˡ
׳޷ȥ֮Ժһͬ£ţ
ǰг֮ɫû뵽ǰ˵Ȼôֱӡ
װڰֵڻشң˵Ļʱְֱͺˣ
ǰְһɻʵ
΢΢һЦԺҵžͽ̫幬
˵꣬˾ʧ˹ĸǰʧıӰоþƽ  û뵽ǣ⹶δȥȻҲž칬ķ˹ȥ




391¾ľ칬
 

칬Ͽգһƣ
˿̵ڲΣΪʱ̣
ְķ䣬û뵽ʱ׾Ȼˣ  ôͻȻôôϲ
ǰ˰
ְҲһ˿˿˷ܣԴһǰԼĵҩְʵ֮󣬴ʱȫδеš
ֻ̫幬ʵ̫ͣ˵ⱳһбڤڱҲеǲѡ
ǰǿôܸڤҶԿأ
׿˿ְְΪʲôϵң
̵ְǰҲϵѾ޷صĵز˰
ţʲô޷أ׳ʵ
ְ׵汻̫幬ΧסˣʵⲢûʲôǰʵһСС̫幬Ȼǲеģ
ʲô޷صĵزˣղŴʱҷ徳ǿ棬⵽ô£
Ҳһ֣Ϊ֮ǰְ˵칬̫幬ʵƽƽ  ˵칬ʵҲ龳кڵʵ
һ徳ǿ߶ûУ⻹ôأ
Ϊ̫幬ͳĻԼһŶˣ
澹Ȼ徳ǿߣ˵̫幬ı϶˳
ְ׵һ̫幬֪ôȻǿļ֮һڤˣǾ칬᧿ΣǳŲס˰
ڤңǺǣˣ׵Ц
ְ׵ӣϽǰⱱڤʵǷѰܹԸ˵ġ
һͳ̫幬ҵĵһѣԺһͳҵĿ꣡΢΢һЦ
ǰʲôЦְ׵Ļŵòſڵϡ
һͳʲô
Ҳ˵ܲһͳ磬ⱱڤҲ̫幬;칬ìܣʱһͳ̫幬ѶѾǿ֪ˣ  㿴Ц𣿲˵ˣȰ칬˭ЦЦ
ϣڴأְ
ЦŵȻ˵ĻȥϣҪ칬ӽʽΪ̫幬
ǰҪҪڿǿǣⱱڤҿɲİ
ְҲһκƣǰ·첻µزµģ˸оˣ  ԭְҲŸǰɱķģⱱڤ֮Щˣ  ⱱڤҵ峤׵ҲЩ飬ûн飬Ҳܺⱱڤҵġ
׹һˣʵȺۣ  ŭĻùĿ¾Ǳڤˡ
׻˵úãŵĲ´Ьģ˭˭˵أ
칬֮ϣΣϵı鶼һƬأ  ˣǺð
˵˽־Ǿ칬ִϣλ硣
칬Ȼ˵ʲôŴڣ칬ĹģҲǿԵġ
żҲǧĵӣֻΪ̫幬ķǳĴ
һ̫幬ƣϣҲû̫¡
Ϊ̫幬ÿ궼ҪɧһΣЩʱһ껹ܹɧΡ
̫幬ʵԭҪȾ칬ҪǿһЩԾ칬̵ʱˣ
ΪϣҲ̾һλ칬֮ʣֻϣλܹŹˣ
̫幬ڣҪˣôĵӿôźð
˵Ǿ칬ĸַ壬칬ϸ߲㶼գ͸̫幬ࡣ
ʵ̫幬ԭֻ֣Ϊ׳Լſʼܵġ
칬̫幬ûб䣡  ַ壬ʱͬʱôܹ˵Ļأϣ
ַһνʶʱΪܣô򵥵ĵ벻˵ҲӦװɣ
ָѲ˼Ͷ̫幬ɣϣкâһš
û뵽ʱһĳľȻַ壡  ַˣַ岢ֱ֮ˣ̫幬ıǱڤ֧֣Ǿ칬ȴ޿ͥıǮûа
սҲ̫幬ǰ֮£
ϣսȻһ׷ˣ˵һԲܹ˵κйĻ
ȴܹóһ־־Ϣ˲ɢ˿칬
˵úã
ʱ״ְ滺߽˾칬Ĵ֮ϡ




392һ
 

ְǺˣΪ칬ִȻԴ´Ͳ𣿡
ϣû뵽ʱȻ˴˽ŭ֪ˡ
ְʵ̫ûйˣ  Ǿ칬˹ɼȻţֻҪûеŵһ죬ضҪġ
ְһССѣʸûУû뵽֮ʣһ˽ˣ
ס
׵ͳ˿һڵСӡ
ÿ磬Լˮ׼λĶѾϰˡ
ף̫幬ˣϣܵʵΪ߸ûи׵ˡ
ְϣˣǰҾ̫幬ĵϵˣ
̫幬ĵϵˣ칬̫幬м֮ãڸ˵Ǿ̫幬Ĵˣ
ϣŭһѹʲô̫幬ĴˣҪô˵ĻԺǸ˶ô˵ˣ
һԵִ־ŭһְְϽ£
ֳϣǰǡ
ְδ䣬־ѾǱŭû뵽ƽʱɵְʱȻҲԼĻ  أ
˫ȭԺ䣡  ־Ҳû뵽ְԼȭͷԺ֮󣬾ȻԼӲĺһ
㡭ʲôʱѾﵽľˣ
־ְǿŹһ㣬ôҲû뵽һﾹȻ˿ֲľ  ְʼǰָңҸҵҩģ
ǡλǰ𣿡
˵ղ־׺ְĻ񿴵ְʵ֮ѾǹĿ࿴ˡ
ְ֮ǰʲôˮƽ̫֪ˣһӾ磬ֱ񼣰
һԵϣַҲһϣְְʲôʵ
龳ڣְΪ԰˵ʱЩŵĸֺ߲γԼһ۹أ  ְ𾪵ıʱҲ൱Ŀģ  龳ڣ
ϣַ˻һۣǾӶԷжһĨ֮ɫ
λǰϣЩսսĿף֪λǰӦʵˡ
׿˿ϣ龳۷壬ͻ徳Ӧòѡ
ǰ
ϣڶϣͻ徳ô
ʵϣΪϣʲǾ칬ʵ̫̫ˣ칬Ϳŵµİ֧š
ܹ֧ŵĵزѾ൱Ĳˣ
ײδشϣ⣬ǿ˿ַ龳ĺڣ̫幬Ƿ̫ˣˮƽҲ˲ˣ
ǰǾ̫幬ĵϵˣ֪
ϣʵĽǶ飬ǰƺȥǳء
׿˿ϣǲǾ̫幬ĴҲǽͣҾһ䣬벻̵ʱͻ徳
룬Ȼˣǰ
ϣַζΪĸ֣ԭΪһϣûˡ
ã
׵һӶһöͨĵҩ·ɼ  ǰⵤҩŨ⵽ʲôҩ
ϣʵҲ൱ǿʵѾǵ۷״̬
΢΢һЦ鵤
һԵַЩ۲ĿȻǰ鵤Ǹɶİ
ô˵ɣĿǰϣʵͻ徳ֻҪʱԣΪŵ˵
ʵҲǼȱֵģְȷǿϣַϾҪȹ̫ˡ
ϣǽ¾л徳  ʲôǰǿЦɣ
´ʣµľһһֵľ̾ˡ
׵ȻûпЦҪ˵ڶû˸˵һˣ
ֱӽҩϣУֻϣһ󷭹ȵνǲӿ
ǿû뵽ǰȻҵĵҩַӶˣ
ϥСʱתʮȦʱͻƵ׼
վڴ֮Ϊ令ϣɫȥ͸Ҫһʹ࣡  ѪҺһһϵĳľѡϣ
̲Ϸľţ˿̵ϣԸоԼľڲϵţĳ̶Ҳ֮ӣ
һʱ֮ϣоԼĵﴦһҪѵĸо  飡
׵ִϣĺ󱳴ǿеԼϵĳϣĵ
ԭҪĸʱϣһʱ֮ĵﴦѾǷԵı仯  ƣ
׵ͳתžͿϣһı飡  ˣͻˡ
ַһ˷ܵĿףҪϣͻ˵ĻǴԼϣ




393¾칬
 

һҵı֮  ϣоԼһ泩ǰδе֮Լвϵš
һǰδеԼвϵӿ  ϲϲ
ַ־˵ж˾֮ɫƾһ֮ڶ̶̵һʱԼͻˣ  ʵ̫ǿˣôǶûпǿˣ
ϣվδһԵַ־ǳ׵ķȥǰһ󡭡
׵һЦͶһ֣ԭҪȥϣȻӲվ
ֲ
ʵԭЩͷ˳׵ûκε˼  һд֣ؾ칬ûйҲпͣ¹򣡣
лǰϣ׹֣ǰϣܣδһͳ̫幬Ըǰ٣ҵȿϣϣǰɽΪڵ·ˡ
ϣ˷ǳʶʱղְ˵Ǿ̫幬ϵ˵ʱһԤУ˾Բǹġ
ҲҿʱķְʵǰλǰŸɣǾûκεĺôġ
ĸ֣˾칬¶Ƿַӵ飡  ˼Ҳδôǵûô෴˼һԼʵ  Ȼ˵ҩֺõ飬Ϊ̫幬ǰȻɲ顣
ҲΪʲôϣ˸ղԭ
һǣϣʵЩŲȥˣ̫幬ͱıڤңѾᣡ
ڿǰ֣˳ƶҲȻ飡  ûԴΪԼʵܹͱڤҶԿˣͶ̫幬ҲǾ޿ܣ
Ϊ׵ĳ֣Ǵ̫幬ƴˣ  ׿˿ϣ΢΢һЦ㲻˵Ҳȡ̫֮幬Ѿ̫̫ˣӽ쿪ʼ칬ʽΪ̫幬
ӭˣ
ϣȼ˶ǹһײδֹǣеʽҪеġ
˿ɲǸС֮ˣȻˣȻҲǴ˳ġ
Ȼˣɲǻ£̫幬ڶʱʵ
⼸˿Ǿ̫幬м׾ǴΪ̫幬һм  ಣ
Ѿ˰Уϣ̧ͷʱ˶סˣ
ҸǵļŰɣ΢΢һЦ
лˣ
Ǽ֮ɫԱ̫幬ûһǲʵ
Ǿ칬ûУ̫幬˵ҲûУ
ɾ̫幬УǶҲһҪȻǻ˵Ĳ˽
εһ־һǰδеĸС
׿⼸˵ӣʵҲǷǳ⣡
ΪѵõĶȵҩҪѵ̫̫ˡ
ϡΪ
ʱȻó𺳼ģ
׿ϣϣΪ̫幬ճˣλлڳְ֮

Щ˭Ҳ׵ĸǰˣεʵ̫ˣǽһӣ¶ˣ  ΢΢һЦַ塢־ְ
ڡ
ͬʱ̧ͷ˿ףҪж𾴡
ͷҲҪʵȥ֧ŵģǸղֱӽϣΪ徳Ļַ־Ĳӡ
׵ֶ˼ƿҩԺֻҪţⵤҩȻҲȱǵġЩҩͻƵ徳ڿʼǾȥչذɣ
ˣ⻼ҵͬͬˣ
ַ־ڼǱĵʱȴҲһݺ
˳£Ƕһǰδеġ
׿˿⼸˵ǺǣȻ˵ĻǾ͵һͳ̫幬֮Űɣ
ˣһҲ֪ϣг֮ɫ
΢΢һЦԺ˵ûбҪڣֻҪ㲻ĴģκλҶǿԽܵ˵ġ
ģˣϣ˹˵̫幬ûʲôвһαڤҲҾ칬̫幬ңʮն񰡣
ڤΪҪ֣׳ʵ
Ϊ̫幬ڵľؾϣ
ؾҵ֪û뵽ؾȻڣҲЦؾǵµĶ
ⶫ׿ûʲôֻ֮ؾһ޴ĺôǾؾʵϾһ
þʱȾһĲ࣡
Ҳ˵ھؾһ죬൱죬Ҳò̾Ȼܹһ˿ʱ䷨İ壬ʵŰ




394űıڤ
 

̫幬ǵ̫幬ڵأ
ľ칬ͳ֮нţ  Ҫ̫幬ľؾ̫幬ȴûκεİ취
̫幬ΪʲôһֱҪ칬أ
ҪĿľΪ˵õ칬ƣƿãȴǴ򿪾ؾԿף  ̫幬սҲĶ࣬ǵʵûа취Ķҡ칬ĸ
ˣǵҾ̫幬ƣͬʱҲǴ򿪾ؾԿף
ϣڶǾԵΣؾǾ̫幬µĹ屦
ȴΪѣؾûзӳ书Ч
ôȥˣ칬̫幬˭Ҳûеõκεıˣ෴ģǵǴӳһӵ䵽˶ŵĲΡ
еľ̫幬ƣҲЦŵ˽죬λط̫幬壬һͳ
ǣˣ
һϲ˵Ļоǲһ
ҪǷǰ˭˵˵سĻأ
칬⣡  ̫幬˼ǰѾ칬Χˮйͨ
̫幬Ŀž칬г˱䣡
ʵϣ칬̫幬ôʱ䣬ԭìܲûô
Ϊһŵ˽սھ칬֮ǰ¶˾ķı칬
þ칬֪ĻҲƲѣ  ΪǸ֪ŵ˽Ѿߣ˵ʵ칬˻Ϊʲôһ̫幬˵ķأ
Ҫ֪֮ǰǺ̫幬ȻԹѾãɴûһ˵ķ
һ̫幬Ȼ̫幬ܸ˱ڤңҪþ칬׽Ľడ  棡  ûо޴ջ˭ԸðȺ֮Σȥһأ
ôǿʳĻôЩѾɾˣ  磬ƽһ棬˭ҲԸƽ⣡  Χ̫˷ʱˣ
˵ӣͣһ˫üһֲҿĸо
˱Ǳڤµ徳ڸ֮һ  ٺ٣ھ칬Ǿ鲻ĻҵȿҪȥˣ
վҲһλҲЦ࣬Ҳһλڵĸ֡
һαڤҲδɳʲôʵǿĸǰ
Ը칬Ķţλ徳ڵǿߣѾ൱ߵˣ  ձڤҵ˼һλ徳ڵǿչţѾǷǳĲˣ  ΪؾҪԣҲǼ˫գ  Ҫ֪徳ĸ֣Ȼ˵ָҲĹġ
ÿһ徳ǿߣʹԼʵ
һλͶһλȫһģ
˵һ徳ǿߣЩʱֵܹһࡣ
ƴʲôǳֵ  ſλǰ칬Ļڴ󲢲ǣǿĻʧС
ʲôһССľ칬Ļڴ󣬿ҵġ
һЦһ̽Ѿ˰֮С
ܿ죬ΧĿռһļ
˲ΧһգڿϣȻһ

Щ۲ĿеǱƷ۾ѾǷų˹â  ࣬һ֮
Ҳʧԭأһ  һ
ŵжֱˣⱱڤһǮĿ԰ʵ˿ۻң  һó˾ؾܣڤҲŵҪԼһ  Ժ󿴵ϣ¾ܹһݺݵĲڽˣ  ûط  ͬȼûǷǳģźϣʵ൱ĻԺ󻹲ǼһɱһΣ  ȻˣҲ֪ϣѾûлˣ  ƣ
ͬʱž칬Ļڴ󹥻ȥ  䣡  ҵı칬ڴҲҡβѣ
ǻص˸ܵޱȵĿ־壡
˿̵ıǱǱڤ֮ˣּҪ̫幬ĻڴȻǰޱߣ
̫幬ЩӣһĿɿڴĿ޼ɵž칬ڴԼ  ǣ⻤ڴҲûôʵ̫幬Ļڴȣ⻤ڴֱ͸ֽһ
ЦһղһѾǶҡĸˣ  Ҳ΢΢ͷһʱҵĹӦþܹƿˣ
ȺˣȻҾ칬Ұ
ϣ˿ıո̤徳޴й
棬Ʒ֣Ѿ̤徳ǿߣҲǸ֮һս
֡ϣ㾹Ȼͻˡ
ŵһݣղŻϣ֮ҪȱָоԼˣķǳĳף




395ɵ۵
 

㶵վǱߣôҲû뵽ϣȻͻˣ
۾ǣϣϾȻһƷ  ۲ʡ
ŵϣɫһһף  ţ㾹Ȼᱱڤңܣ޳֮ȻվߣҪΪҾ̫幬Ż
ϣȻվڸǰ˿һλһ㣬ޱţ
ߣţ㲻Ǹ˵ž칬û徳ǿ˵ô£
һҿһǺһġ
Ļʱ˭ʤ˭˵׼
һԵҲǳ鱨ǲû徳ǿߣû˭õĵʲô
ϣЦһڤʵۺû뵽Ҳ͵飡
ϣ˲˵㽻̫幬ҵȻҾ칬鷳
۾һת֮Ҳǳ
ȻԸϣƴҪ֪˵һǧ˰٣  龳ˣǻ⣡
ǰϣѾ̤˺һε徳Ҫնɱǰ֮ˣҲ൱ķ
նɱɣʱߵĻ¾ͻΪˣ
һǵĿĺܼ򵥣Ϊ˵õǾؾԿף˶ѣ
ܹСĴ۵õĻΪʲôأ  ϣЦһѾǾ칬ˣҲ˵š
㡭㲻ˣ
ҲƵĿϣһǲ˵ʲôأ
ѾͻƵ徳Ȼ˵ԼˣҪĻô˭أ
ףξ̫幬
΢΢һЦվϣԱߣղһֱûעˣΪȫĽ㣡
㣿ϣϣʲôʱԸһ񾳽Сӵˣûп㻹ã
һ׵ʱ˶Ц
ϣĿһ۵ţôĵӣϽ£
ϣûɣǸưϣڸо첻ʶˣ
ߣţҾ̫幬ϵˣҪһͳ̫幬ԹԵͶ㲻
ַҲǵʮ㣬ɵӾȻΪ񾳣
ҪôΪĻôһĺܲң
ǲǱڤҷа
ҲΪƣǸоĶǹ£
ԼһռžԵƣ˾Ȼ¹ݼ  ﲻ֪ΪǹͶأ
ڤңߣȰǲҪڲ飬ɱֱˣ׵΢΢һ飬һɺѾǽ͸ȫ
ֱ˶ϵĸоʵЩ̫
һۣǿǱڤҵˣ
û뵽һ񾳽СӸ֮ǾȻһҪ˵ĳ嶯  ˰
ʵ̫ˣ뵽ߣ˶һ죡  
ԽԽʵ̫ˣһֻѾǳ׵ķ򹥻ȥ  ֣  ·Ҫǰһ
ϣһΣûеطȥˣѾɱ˹ֱһԾѾǳķɱȥ  䣡
ҵײ徳ǿ߼ͬʱˣ  һϣѾǽսһ׼ǰ  еķɽովʱȴǱߣ
㡭ô࣬ͣ£
ŭͣϣĽս
һʲô칬˲ҵȶȻҪɼʹ㡭סⲻǡ
ԭһ˵ʲôɵеĶʱҲסˣ  ׳΢΢һЦ뿪ҲǼƽϣ
ߣô峤ףǺ֮ɫ
峤ĶôһУҲ̫ʵ˰  峤ʲôʲôܹ֮Ტ۵İ
˵һ飬
׵ɫÿЩĻͳıռ̫幬Ǿһ  ôĵӣȻ͵峤࿴ţҲ׵ķ򹥻ȥ  䣡  ׵΢΢һһָɽѾͷγɣ
ǵصѹһ˿˿ͷ
̫ǿˣ
ۡ
ǵӡֱϣѪɫҰף
ֵĻ಻Ҳˡ




396¾̫幬
 

ҹл᱾Ȼȥڤңһ峤
׵ͳ˸оһֲµϣ
ǡǰ
æ֣˲ʧȺ֮С
ԶЩڸĿǰһУ  ܰ  С񾳽ˣԼָͷҲܹһɵİ
űϾ̫幬ܿ뵽һܣ  һʵˣ
ӵĻϣĸԣôԸһ񾳽˵أ  뵽ߣ˲ϵš
ͬŵĻ̫幬ˣűڤҵֶŵǱߣ˼ĳ˹ȵף
һοǻ˴뵽˱ڤҵ˹칬֮ˡ
û뵽Ĺν徳ǿѾ˸ˣ  ΰ  ôˣ
ҲߣȴҲô㶵Ŀףг˾֮ɫ
ԶһɽϣԭҪǰûˢӣ  ֮ǰǰһȻԼ죬ʹ
û뵽ԼûһĹ򣬾ȻͿλǰһо徳ǿˣ  Щ߸ˣǸ֮ǰЦƽƽˣҡһΪ˳֡
ʱҲǸоģ
ûз֮ǰӺƺշҪɱĻ˵ʲôҲ̫ڵ뷨  ԴӾһε֮ټ˵ĳ£ԥˣ  žһⲻ֪һһ  ôҲû뵽ǸȥɵǰȻɱķ  ô˺Ϊ֮Ѿ¶˾ģ
칬⣡
ۿŵ̫幬ַֺϺ꣬Ǿ칬̫幬϶Ϊһ֮ʣҲԸ̫幬ڲɱ
ҡ
ŵгż尾֪һԼӦһԼͱһѰ׹ˣ  ţ˸ᣬϧĻĽվļգϣЦһ
¶һ˿ǳЦý̫幬˻ڣ칬ڵӾҵΪξ̫幬δڵӵĵҩͷκһţ
ļٵİôôܲκһأ
㻹˵˼Ҿ칬ѾͻˣΪԴѷûͻƣ˵ĸأ
ǰʵǿô꣬Ҳ۸˺ܶ꣬οհ
ҿɺϲǺ£ҪȻĻʹɱɱп
һƬ֮Ѿʵϣܶ˶ںϲģ
˭Ҳϣÿ춼ڴɱɱ֮йӰɣ
칬̫幬ìѾãȴʤ
ôˣҲûм˭İ˭ˣɵĵõʲôأ
ŵ˿Ҳ۸÷ŶԷŵı˵һֱڸ߶ȵĽ֮У  ڤĴ嶼£Ժпܳĺİ  ˵ĻڿϣӣҲһ˿˿ԥ
֪ѡһʹḶ́һԵϣţͬһţҪȻΪɱһٱ鶼ˣ
ҡɫЩѿȴѾɶ
ϣֶ̼θͻ徳Ҿ칬̫幬ôˣѲ㿴˼ɫ𣿡
ŵĳԹʲôԼ˽ӱϣľ칬ɱ  Ҳ֪Ϊȥƾ칬ûķˡ
ڴĲԼļǧ̫幬ӣ
ˡſ˿ףĹȻֵšݼˣ
ݼˣ
ŵ¹򣬺ܿķӦ
Ŀ˿ţʵҲԸɱ䣬ϾЩϺ˲  յ˵ЩԼҲأ  ãо칬̫幬֮޾칬̫幬ʽϲΪ̫幬ϣΪҾ̫幬
׵Ļռ䣬˶Ҳ𾪵Ŀס
ûһʵˣǾȻģ  ˷еݵ
ˣ̫幬߲ǺԶҪȻ
ŵĽɫתҲ൱Ŀ죬֪ҪʴȣԼѾĵˣ




397´ûô¹
 

̫幬ڵأ
칬̫幬ĲǺԶ֮һеĸо
пΪ״Եʣ
һһľһϤζ  ˣǱ߱Ҳ̫幬壡ſ׽ܵ
΢΢ͷȻ̫幬Ļڴ󼸾ƻѾû˵һط̫幬úõĸһ
׻뷨ôӪҲñ֤ȫɣ  ̫幬ϲϢºܿͻᴫȥ
ʱ˵þͻϲµָֻż䣬һⷢʲôͻĻǵʱŵӵİȫαϣ
ˣԭ칬ĵӡϣҲǿʵ
̫幬϶ΪһŵȻҲǺ϶Ϊһˣ̫幬֮󣬼ôҲǿɵ
Ҳǿó칬̫幬ȼֱ
Щ̫幬Ϊ˵õ칬ϣľ̫幬ƣ˼أ
ǣˣϣͷ
׿˿ŵɣ龳ϵȫ´ϣкܶҪһ
Ҳ֪ԼʱܳڵĴ̫幬ҪѺܶˡ
ϵ죬žβһ˵̫幬ڣרſһƬطġ
̫幬´  һʮλ龳ǿ߾ۼ´֮ϣЩ˶֪ε˵Ҫʲô  ׻˵Ļã¹ѻ̫幬һֱ칬жԵġ
᲻ҲҪ˿أ  ϣַ塢־ְĸ֮⣬̫幬ߵļλ龳ĸĶϰµģ
ӭˡ
׺˽ҲǳҾ
װڰ֣ŵ£һ֮λ  ֮λһλҪ߳٣Ǿ̵ΣԳݵ
£׿ЦŵǶǾ̫幬ĸ߲㣬δ̫幬Ŀǰǵʵʵ̫ˡ
ˣ֪ԴӾ̫幬֮󣬸Ųϴѹŵ
ϣܻ˵Ȿڵ֢ᡣ
ҲǵͷǰˣһҲϡǰ⣬ûа취
׳ͷӽ쿪ʼҪıò粢ǵĿ겻𣿼Ȼ˴ţҵȻĻηУΪľ顢ɽٷ
ˣкܳܳʱû˵𻯷ˡЩй˵
Ŭô֪㲻أ΢΢һЦֽ׶ΣǵҪǳ龳
ۣ
ԭΪ˵Ҫǳ徳أǿ൱ѵġ
û뵽ֱ徳ֱ˵Ҫǳ龳
Ҫ֪徳龳ĵԴɱЩͨĵԴҪĶĶˡ
ˣ²̫ʵԴѷԭ̫幬һλ龳ǿߵ
  ׵ĸǰȻƿĵҩǵҩŨֱƿֲ
ҩеǣͿԼŬŬˣӽ쿪ʼÿһΣͻӦĵҩͿԼķˡ
ֱʵ̫ˣ͵˵еǮͿܻܲӵǮˣ  ˣʦ
ſĿɿڴֲϣܹͻƣҪôĵҩĻҲͻˡ
ǵʦʦղŵĹ涨ڿʼȫáֻҪͻƣӦĵҩͻṩλװ˵
ǡǵҪٵĵҩ̿ˮ˸оһ㡣
ϣҲʿˮˣǴûô°
΢΢һЦΪǴһ㸣ǱЦȻҰѻ˵ˣٸһ
УЩɵˣһȺ˼Ŷɵˣ  ׿˹һЦﵽ龳ˣṩƷһﵽ徳ˣṩƷһﵽ龳ˣɻƷһ츳ڵˣſɽƷһ
׻һ˼ֱˣ
֮ǰΪһŶܹ֣û뵽ԼһȻĹ涨  Ҫ֪ڿɶ龳簡˵һ˾ͿԵõһô




398׵İ
 

̫幬´  ˵۾ֱˣһŵĵҩһŵ˻㱼оԼһ㣡
Ҫ֪ǿǿߣȴȵķ֤ԼǲΣ  ֱеŰ
׿˵Ժⵤҩϣ䣬䣡ֻһ㣬ΪŵķչҪľǹƽ

ϣŵƽˣҲǷǳ㣡
Լõ˺ôҲ˳ĽǻʲôɱԹأ  ҲĻηΪԼѡеҡ
˵뿪̫幬Ļ´ҲԸˡ
׳ʱִ־ܡ
ˣ־ʵ΢ʤΰ־һɲģʲô˼
ϣҲǿףǲ˵ʲô˼  ִãӦͷˣҸҪΪ˿žؾ˵Լ뷨
žؾҲоֱð
ؾǾ̫幬ΪصĴڣͬʱҲ淢չҪһ屦  ˵ֻҪؾǵھǱȱٶȿϺüⳤ֮벻ǿѰ
ؾһѵڶ࣬Ҳÿһ˶л룬Ȼ˵ĻһЩʵŵӽУ
׳Ҳ֪Ļġ
˵˼ǡ־ΪҲǸӡ
׿˵ںϲĵӿ롣ҵ˼ǣʵûдﵽ徳ŵӣԿɲͬľλǰʮߣɽؾ꣡ھִöᣡ
׵˼͵˵ִҪάؾҪؾǿϵӲʵ
ˣ徳ܲܽϣһԼæʵ
Ϊھһ徳ؾҲûнȥ  ˭ﵽ徳λҪŬǰҲЦ
ӢľƷܹЩŵӸӵķ񣡡Цŵ
Ȼûдﵽ徳ȴû̫ļ֮ģ
ϣãˣԼ϶ϣġ
׿˵⼸ǵ̫幬洫Ǻ
ⵤҩȫˣ  ׽ҲĲˣ˵һϲ˾칬̫幬ţھ͸ˣ
͵ʵ̫ˣ  ڲѾǴﵽһɱ㣬׸ߵĻǶˣ
׾Ȼó̫幬Ĺǳ׵׵ݣ
˵֮ǰȫΪ̫ĺöǳЩҲŰ  Ľʵ  ӦþǾ̫幬ϵˣȻǲ֪Ϊʲô˻
˵һĺϢ  һ£ôԴˣ˼Ҿǳµţ¶дѴѵĸַӵ
Ϊʲô˼ҪԴ˷Щ˵أǾ̫幬ĵϵˣԲܶĸġ
˵Ͻ˷֮ɫƺһǿľ̫幬Ҫˣ  ׿˿˵ÿһʱ䣬һһˣʣµмλڣҲ˰ɣ
ģǶȻʹþ̫幬󣡣ϣͬʱ
׵ͷȥһ»ڴ˳ŵķϣһοǵʱܹ༸λ徳ǿߡ
Ӧǣ
ôԴͻƲ徳ĻǼֱǰ׳ˣ
˵ʵѷԴܹĵز˵ǵ츳൱Ĳ  ҲҴңȥҲҴң  ҪΪĪ̻ھǵĻĻ߶һᣡ  칬̫幬ѾǺ϶ΪһʣµҲżܹżĹġ
ٹһʱ䣬ܶŸ־ͻĽ  ϾԴںܶ൱ġ
׳Żڴۼ۶ȥѾĴļƷʯҲЦ
ϿʯģֻҪʯ󷨵ٿ屶  ʱ򼴱龳ĸ֣Ҳڶʱƿ
׻ʯ֮δԴ̫ĸı䣬ֱǶȥΪӦĪһؼš




399ҵŮ˰ɣ
 

ң
ߵʱ򣬹ѾվԱߣ
ǲ֪ôϵףѾԼľ
̫幬ǹľҲͬ˹뷨
̫ڵʵЩʧ  ׿˵ĵԸ˼ȥ̫幬ȥˡ
ĪЩĵȴףΪҪȥ浽ʲô飡  Ȼ绰Լİ貢û˵ʲôȴܹиоĳԼܳʲô飡  ΪֲȷԣĪнĪ  ״һȥĪ̵ļ֮󣬱С
ĪִʣԽУʱʵԽ죬һӹɣ  ִ磬˰Ī̿׻֮Ҳ¶һ˿Цݡ
һԵĽۿЦŵÿǵܾˣ
ЦŵʱµһĹˣҺҪȥJLʡе飬СҲͷˣЦŵ
һԵ憴Щί˵ְ֣һߡ
Щ۵Ŀ憴Ҫȥ飬ȥòã
ڵĽʱ޿̲憴ߣԼ۾һҲԼĶˣ
ЦŵİɣӣְְͻòãڼҪԣúõѧ֪𣿡
ţ֪ˣ憴Ϊɵĵͷ
׼ݳĪ뿪ңһ·ٳJLʡķʻȥ  ִ磬֪ҵİʵĸĪ̿׵
ҵͦ˵۸ĸĸʵһģǶĵĲ𣿡Цʵ
ĪЩε˵Ϊҵһֱʮʱҵܡ
ЩԾĿĪ̵㻹иܵأ
ţһֱҪ׬ǮһԭΪҵܵܣ˵ʵΪŮʲô뷨еĺõĶˣ
Ī˵˵ţѾǼˮ뵽ԼһĪĸж
Цŵ㻹ҪĸҪһЩˣ
ţִȽҵǮ𣿡ĪЩĿףȻ׵ĹϵЩ岻ǮʱҲײ  ҪĻԺ¾ûа취ദˣ  ĪҲ֪ײܲģֻԼйصʱҲЩССĽš
׿ĪЦŵǮͲõˣһᵽǼ֮ȥȡǮϡ
ţллִ硭Ī̵ҸЦݣЦŵ׬Ǯ֮һỹġ
һʲô֮Ͳ̸ˣ˵ֲǲ֪ǮЦŵ
ҾҪ㣡Ī̵
ŮӵĺθУŮʵ࣬ķǳĸǿ  ʼĻծҲУ
㡭ᡭ
ĪһһҲɫͨ졣
׹һֵЦ
ִ磬䡭ʵҲ⡭
Ī˵仰ʱ֪ǹ˶֪ʵǶ׵һֱˡ
ϲףĽףף  ôԼһӾͽˡ
ˣ
Ī̵ĻҲһѪӿƺǰ׵Ů׵ļ˳
׻ǿס̣ʵҲϲ㣬ҪȻҵŮ˰ɣ
š
˿Ī̵ĻȥЩϸúߣȴ
ȻҲ֪Īܻ̿ϲԼ𰸵ʱһĪļ
ڣһĳĬ
ƺ˭ҲԸĶһֶۣŤͷȥ
ĪΪ˼ҪϾڸϣ
ȻҲҪܹ֪վӻҪġ
Լ˼ӣЩĿỊ̵̄ղ˵иܵܣˣ
ҽϴѧСܽһ꼶ĪЦŵһ˵ԼСܵʱͲһˡ
ǺǣӦöСر簮ɣʵ
ĪһҸ˵СܴСرճңΪҪҵǷ˲ٵǮӹҲ࣬СܳѧЩСԺֵĵطһζûȥÿһοεҾ͡
δ䣬Ī̵ۿһεĺסĪ̵֣һָ顭
ͨļͥһССֻܹ֧ͥ顣
Ī̼ҲˣΪѾ֪˶ٵǮơ




400еĲԴ
 

JLʡCУ
CΪJLʡʡᣬ侭òʮֵķغĽȳУǲͬնġ
JLʡعҵԱȽϵķƶ໹Ǻܴġ
仰˵JLʡ̣Ҳˣ
CΪJLʡʡᣬĵķҲͰ˾ǧǮ΢һЩҲǧǮ
ھǺͽĸ߷۵ǼֱͲֵһˣ
ִ磬طɱȲ˽;ЩطϿɵý͵㰡
ĪЩ뿪ЦĿ׵
΢΢һЦûȥǼңȥͻֻᷢأ
˵ıʵҲԱȽϵȻˣҲǫ˵
ʵQΪغķУGDPҲ൱ĸߵġ
ĪЦŵǾCеģһСҰֵ곧ֵķӡ
ţǰ治һҽҪȻ³ȡǮ׿Īʵ
ţȡǮˣʱҾ˵ҴġĪЩѯʵĿ׵
û£ȡǮڳϾˣЦŵʵôģ尢ҲôʱˣôҲøǻõĻɣ
ִ磬̫˰ɣĪһȻҲ֪˵ʲô£  ܾʲô׵ĵطѾˣԣ
ոȷϵôĵҪǵģ˵ȥǲ̫  ֪˻ΪĪǳ׵Ǯӵء
ĪЩѹʵҲģϾʵ̫ˡ
Ұžˣ֮ǰû˵Ϊ֮䲻ûȷϵǺǣЦŵȻҵŮˣļ˲ҵļ𣿡
ףлл㡭
׷ԷθĻĪһĪĸж
˵ʵʶ֮ԼһѾıˡ
Ϊ׵ĻԼ»˼µһ
ȻҲǷĶ࣬ÿγҪſ֣ǰҪŶˡ
ЦŵԺͻ֪ЩʵԿģ
ΪʲôĪЩɵĿף֪˵⻰ʲô˼  ֪Ī̵츳ҪǱʲôɿصĻԺҲǷɻڴġ
ԼѾǷǳˣ
ԺĪ̿϶ǻΪԼһս׽㸶ʲôأ
ȻˣһҲЩǷǣ
Īڻ֪ԼѾǵˣ̫幬Ѿˡ
׷ѹС˺ܶ࣬һʹ֮󣬰Ī̴̫幬εһȦ
ֻܹ⼸Ů֮ĹϵҪȻĻԺ϶һͷ
ѧУ滹һأҪǺĪ̸ĻϿ¶˵ģ  Cнſڣ
ΪйɷƵУлǱܶϿɵġ
ȻܶСжѾҵҵҲĲģɾ˻ϲĹдУ
ܸоǮбϵģ׵Ͽǲ١
⽨еĿȻҲеģ⵹ǷȥȡǮʲôġ
׵ڻûȥȡǮ
ſڣŶѾų˳
׺ĪҲǸվ˵еĸ»ٶȻ
һڶѾúŻˣŰҵҲ⣡  ִ磬ҪȻǻȻȥɣûһСʱֲǰĪ̿׵
Цŵˣȵ£Ҳżһʱɣ
Ī̵ͷʵνҪ׵ȵЩͷ
쾭
ſڣһ󸹱㿴ȥʮӿվſڴõһЦŵ
ܣ˰쾭һܣҲЦ
Ŷŵʲôʱ򰡣VIPôûˣǸܳ
쾭̶ЦܣҲ֪Ŀǰгڸĸ׶ΣVIPıĿǰƻȱء
ˣȥȡǮܳ
ϣͰ졭쾭ߵߵľǸܵݹĽпܵ˹̨ĸǰ
ôôûʰ
Ī̵޴󲻴˵þܵߡ
ͷ˿ֿ˿ſֵĪЦһôûˣҪ˵Ļɱʵˣ
û뵽Ȼʵ¼ŵ
СһҪùˣԺſɲϹ˵
ɲզΣû뵽ôϰ徹ȻȡǮ
ͷ벻ˣĴ󱼳۾Ӧ֪˼ͷСˣǻǶԶһɡ




401Ц̫
 

е棡
ܶѾʼָָˣʵCеǱȽϳˡ
һ˼ȽϺ䶯飬˵ԱʱֱӽԱһ̨۳  صý廹صصĳ飡
ʵʵºܶʱϲӣҲǴ֪ȵһ֡
һ˵УǮ˵
ôһ˵ʵµ֣һӾ֣  ʵʵµʵ¼ʲرĸߣҲڳˡ
ı£ȴΪѾӵ˰һ㣡  ͨ˵ʵҲ൱ǮˣⱼS600ݣǾ͵úü
һ˭ܹܵأ
Ī̿˿ʵ£ҶŶӣΪʲôأ
⣿ǽеVIPҾôˣ˭һûǮأҪǸҵĻȡǮҲŶӣ
ʵ·û£ſ֣ȥһŮԼ磬ҲޱȵĽᡣ
쾭ʱѾǮʵµĸǰЦеĿʵµܣǮ
ߣŶӰɣַˣûйǳʵ¿һף¶һ˿ӵ飡
׿˿ʵµַӶǮûйϵӵҼˣеǮΪԼ˲𣡣
ǣСҾǮܰôţҰʵЦһ
֪ʲôԭ򣬽ȥǷǳ˷ܡ
׿˿ʵ£¶һ˿мĵ㣿ҵ֣
Сӣǲǣ
ʵֱߵ׵ĸǰ˸ͷߣʵ»ӣȥ൱Ļˣ  ˣʵ˿ŲˬһȥǮȡеˣ̾һܲˬе
ô⣬ⲻſ
һԵ쾭Цһʲôˣ˼ʲôˣÿǧVIPͻеŴ𣿡
С죬ûǮĻ˵ˣ𣿿ⱲҲûмǧʲôء
ʵ¸ղűôһ̼Ҳŭա
׵ӣȻǳԷˣǮҪѹûǮˣʵ̫Ūˣ
ĪһЩǧǼڶգۣ
Ī˵ʵʵ֮ǰЩʱ򣬱˵ڣʮҲûգһ۾  ۿģǰĻĪ̻˵Ļ
ȷ˹ϵǲ뿴˵ѹףѿڶ˵
С찡ǲ䲻˰ղŵĻû𣿡
ʵ±ǮˣȻ֪׬Ǯףڣ  СڵĻŶ˵Լţ  ˵ˣCͷˣʵ»϶ʶģѹûмСӣ  һԵ쾭ʵǳĻ飬ղʵµĳյſڵʱѾǿˡ
Ըղʵһʱ򣬾Ϳվſڣ  ǳĻЩ˵ƨܹڲӦóֵĵطҲʮܹϾˣ
ղ׺Ī֮̽ǰͣʱȻҲǿһġ
˿һǮܹǮʲôطȥأ  Ȼ֪˼ӦеǮҲôܹ𳵡
⳵Ȼֻжʮңʮĳ˼ʵرĶࡣ
Ҫ˵ڣǼֱǴţˣڵ˻Ὺ  쾭˵ҸղҲû
ʵ¹һֵҽ컹Ҫӵ۵СӣҪȡǮʱһ
ʱ򣬺ܶѾÿһ·  ׺Ī̸ոջŶأǰ˶Ѿÿˣ  ƺ˶Ҫ˳һ㣬ЩѾǲԼͬվһԡ
˼ѾˣȡǮ  ʲô˼ҶȡǮˣ㻹ȡVIPܰҿҲûܹͺúõһΰɣ
ʵ֮һƵζ档
һĪЩ˷ܣôһ̼ҲЩˬ
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ʵÿһγ鶼ûеڹģһΪǼһȽϽݣֱȡǮ
û뵽Լ߸ȡǮȻѾͷ˵ûʣ
Էһʱ䣬ϰƢҲˣ  һŹ̨Ǳ˹ȥ⵹ʡŶˣ




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Ҫ֪ʵ¼ŵǿĶԺھϵ̸Ҳ˵أ
쾭ʵµҪȻæΣ
ģҳôûиôңҵҪСǴðģ
ʵ֪ԼڵۣҪǸһСëӶֵĻǶݣ
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һֱڻ̸أ  Щ̨ˣ֮Ҳ΢΢ʧһ￴ȥûʲôǮ
ټĿʵѾûκεˣ  ãҪʲôҵ񣿣
̨˻һ΢ЦȻǰŮҲ̫ס
΢ЦѾΪһϰߣ
׿һһԵ쾭зԱ̬ȣҴпǮȫȡߣתУſ˳Ҳע˰ɡ
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ʵ¹һЦСӴж٣Ƕȡʵб˵Ҳûжʧ
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쾭˵ֻҪץסʵͻĻǶ˵ⱲӶԺȲˡ
ÿͦģɾʵһͻÿܹõˡ
ڵʵº͵۵֮䣬ϵľѡ˵Сӣ  ʵĽǺһģ
С˿쾭ͷ飬Ҳʼõ쾭Եȡ
С׵ĿԼĻˢһ飬Ȼ룡
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Сʿˮûп쾭ǿ˿վԲʱûа취ҪȻϵһг
СǲǷ˰гôæпսӴһ쾭
СѹҲ쾭һ϶Ҫùˣ  һͻͻ  ˼ҵĿŶʮڵĴ˼Ҫȡߣ浽ũҵУ  ڽ˵һصĴ
һҪűȥĻеܹˣ  쾭ù϶ǰ϶ˣʱСҪ  ϶ǲҪˣ
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һÿǸʱѣʱҶ¸ڡ
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һƨѾûеˣǮҪ
ֻҪùŴҶģ  ִ磬ҪȻǻ߰ɣ滹ôŶأôȥҲ˼ҵʱ䣡
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403гݵ
 

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Ũܴۣһǵٵϣ  ֽCнеһгCȨǷǳʢġ
ʵ˿ʱҲǿͿġ
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һԵʵµ΢΢һЦгǿжûһȾ˰
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˶Ǳߣһһ㣡




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лҲǵͷҪôڸǮҪôó
̫ˣ
Ī̿Լĸ׺ĸױԼСһ仰˵ҲǸоһۡ
ôǣһǷǰɣ׿ллʵ
ǰСӣҪôھͰǮóҪȻⷿӸǣ·
лѾһʱˣ
ⷿӵļֵѾԶԶ֮ǰˣ˵򣬿һǨҲʮҡ
л׵С֣ⲻ顭
װڰЦŵǷծǮ쾭ȥǮǡ
˵ţ׾ͳ¥˹ȥܿһȻ˺ϵ  ˵лСӱƭ˵İɣôжˣǮлɵĿл
лЦһʲôҪôǿǮҪôǿ֤
ٸ˵һ飬ʦǶҺˣǹ棬Ҫǵ˷ͥĻǾûа취ˣлĻƺһ˿в
ĪЦһİɣһǾͿǮˣ
ӣ˵ôôϹˣлһỊֻ̄Ī̵Į
лֱֵϣǽˣ  һλصطʱѾǶһӣ
лл⼸˵ʱЦһȻԼӣ
ֽ𣡣  ״ӵһ̣ΧЩ۾ֱˣ




408ĳ
 

ֽ𣬾ô˵ĸǰ
ֱֳЩͷƤһķ飡  Ҫ֪ǿ򰡣  ǻⱲҲûмôֽϣ
һʿˮĹ˿л˶ĵĿףЩˣ
ͷܶ˶Ǯ˱ܵһηУ
ΪǾǮˣҲǷǳĴ  ˵̳Ϣ˰ҵүл¶һ˿Цݵ
һԵлҲЦŵ˵ү㣬һгϢ˰
ߣڿǮˣĪ̳
ҲǳԭˣһλҪΪ˰֮ǰ̿Ǯϣ˳̵һЩʵݣڿӣƻȡˡ
ʲôСְô˵أʵҲͱ˵ˣһҲΪ˶һлҵҵǣ
л˻ǲҪ˼㣬Ҫռл⼴ҪǨķӣ۾˵Ϲ  Цһ˼ҷӶҪռˣ˵Ϊ˼ҺãǮԸҪߣҪĻǿɱҲˣ
ҵҪôһ˸Ҳлҵ飿Ƿˣлһô˵Ҳˣ
ǣлôߣ˲ɣǮôˣǮ˲𰡣бҰ
лʼˣΪѾǲֶˡ
ڿлҾȻôùүôܹƽأ  ǰǵԽпǺǿģ񿴵óգһ۾ףҲǷˣ
硢磬ʲô˼˼СҪǮˣǻҪôΣ
лҲЩĿǰ磬Ǹʵˣһֱǰ۸ϡ
ʵҲпȥʱ򣬿Լ˼СֵĸǰôӣҲƵĺܣ
˰
лҾٲãҲûô˹˼һ˵У  ĪЩ˵Ǯ׼ˣǻҪôΣĻùǣ
ĪǺĵѣ׵³ǷǳĲҵģ
Ҳ˵ЩƽͷϰˣЩʲôģ󲻻׵ĸǰ  ĲҪĻʱĪ̾ԼҲûа취ˣ
л߰ǰǮǻҪǮͻˣûиʮ룡
л磬ʮ򣿶ʮ򶼱ˣҸǣҵʮ򣡣
ǼǮۿôǮǾ׼ʨӴ󿪿ˣ  ǡۣ˼СֵǮҲǴģƾʲô˼ҪôǮ
лĶ춯ˣܹһ˺Ƣ˱ƵҪֵľ棬⻹ѵһ
ЦһǮҪҪҪǾͱҲˣ
˵꣬һֶֻһԵ͵ȥ  飡  һľͷѵѾɢˣ
ллԭΧ׵˵£һ˵ΣҲŵò֨ˣ
ҪԼϣǵùĿɾԼˣ  ˭Ҳûʱ򣡣
㡭СӸǵš
ллǰľ󣬺һǮܵˣ
֮ʱϵвһԵ׺лˣʱ˭أ
⼸˲ֻߵıӰлҲ̲ס̾һû뵽ǡ
㻹ǵֵܣ㿴Ƕʲô԰Щһ˵
Ḭ̄ο˺ˣǮҲˣǷҲˣԺҪڹµĻֱӱˣ
ҲǵͷӵûסˣطһСεѧϰ̫ãطҲ̫Сˣ
С֣һллˣлǰס׵ֵ
Цŵ尢Ƿģʵڸһ£һ׬ʮûģλڼ帣Сξˣ
ɶŮһ׬ôǮأҲһ
׳Ī̼ۣĪɫ΢˵׵úܴҹȥæĹͦߵأѧУҲȽϵɡ
һᣬ״лһСһ٣  ֮Ī˼УһƵס
ڵһγԶţһ¶ûлĪ˵һȻҪúõԼĸĸˡ
οովЩ飬ҲҪƽһԼĸеİ
һֱڶ磬Ī̲Ŵ绰ףԼһȥһСΣ׼Сγȥһ棡




409лСδˣ
 

CеһʵСѧλCġ
һʵСѧһԶѧУȴΪCõСѧ֮һ
Ī̼ϳϳ汾ӵĵط
ǮûǮģ϶ἷѧУ  ѧΪ׻ŵĻ⣬۲ϵҲΪѧĹϵ
Ϊʲô֮ǰллҪõлķӣΪڶеϷҪǨ  ΪطѧǵһʵСѧۻǿóȥ
Ҳǿһ㣡
׺ĪһʵСѧʱҲǳ˹ȥ  Сôڽأ涼û˰
ĪǹӹлСεģԼСӰûˣҲһǵʵ
Ϊ֮ǰ憴飬ʵĪ̵Ҳ˲СӰ
ɨһȦߣӦþʦİ칫ҰɣΪЩˣ
Ҳ˵ԼѾ֪лСεĴڰɣ  ôһ˵Ī̳ʦİ칫˹ȥ  һʵСѧһ꼶칫ң
лСδ˿޿վڰ칫棬ϿȥЩèһѪӡɵġ
ڿһԵѧȥҲǱȽϵң滹޻ţӦǸոѪ  лСΣȥҳҹһͲβˣҹȥŶ󣿾ѧźǰɣ
˵ǵһʵСѧһ꼶İκ
ʦҽģȴҵġ
лСεг˾ǿʵǳϲĪ̡
֮ǰڵڶеĴԺ棬Ϊ͸ͻ
ɺ˸лСεĸǰἰˣ
ǽȴˣ˲ǱˣǵڶеְӵܣҲлСοеǸ̡
˼㣬Ͷְ㲻֪ѧУй涨ܴ𣿡һ˵
İ칫棬һ꼶ʦεİ칫
ǽѧģǽĵģһϵҲǷǳĲ
ʦҿӵļҳЭһ°ɣαЩѿ˵
ʦлСμʲô㲻֪˼̵İְÿ궼лǺüΣٿлСμҡ
Ǽҳ⣬ɱϾǺӰҲ顭θоʵЩƫ̣ҲЩⲻȥ˵
˼̵ϰʲôݣǿǵڶеĸֲܰǲ֪ܸǳУĹϵǳ
һʹļ׵˵λǲϰ
лСûʲô̾ͲһˣҪĹĻǿ¶Բ˶ˣ
γʦǰģ˶ȶ֣ӶˣҪƽϢҳŭ𣬶ƫܣ
ʦҲҪ㣬ҪǵܵĻʱҵĹܱܲסǸأ
ҲǳоЩԽ
Ҫ˵ЩʲôƺΪںû˵ĳڡ
ˣ
׺Īʦİ칫ңлСֱվǱߣĪһ۵ĿԼСܵСΣô
˭
һĪ̵ʱжЩŹˡ
ڽʦǳ൱ˣ׷ҲǱȽϵĶࡣ
ɸǰŮȣǲ˺üΰ
ŮֻӦУ
仰ǰλŮвˣĪȥأ  СεĽ㣬СεĽ򣡣
˵ԽԽˣĪƽأ
Ŷ
һôƯŮ˾ȻˣҲһ̾Ϣһʻţϵĸоӿͷ
ǣ
׿˿ź󣬿һֱĪ̿Щˬ  ȻҲ֪Ⱞ֮˽֮ĵԼŮ˵ʱ˸еĴζ棡
лСεİΣ˵ЩҳôСİѧУ治ѧܶŹҸ˵һлСصΥУУ棬Ƕˣ
զı»Ƿǳǿģһǿһļҳͱˣ  ܹһʵСѧѧǿǻᰡ  лСļͥȫΪԼãѧñȥ
˵ǼһѧĻǲ̫ܵģ  ǼСҲ˰ɣ
׿ΪĲˬʲôͿˣСαôһֲֻأ
˼һ˼һˣСûĸʦԸ̣˭˭ȥûˣ
׿ˬ󻹾ײˬأ  仰һìܷǵûм٣ǼӾ




410ʦµĲ
 

ʦȻ˼Ҽҳˣҿ˼ȰѺȥɣ
ʵЩȥˣȻչ̼ҵǮôأ
ѧУķӵģǮһֳ̬  ټϽʦĹˮƽͣҲ취һЩá
δСǵһĽʦĽʦȻҪĽʦƷ°ɣ
ǿǽ˵ˣΥĵĻǾ˵ȥˣ
һΣڿỊ̄Цʦ鶼ûнأ˭ߵأ
ЦһȻ߲ˣ˭˵Ҫˣǻûи˭һҲҪߣ
Ī̿лСΣʵСΣ߽㣬Ϊʲôܣ
лСЩίĪ̵Ļ㣬֣˵ʲôʲôɱ֣䣬ȻʹңҰһԼײǽȻѪˡ
𣿡Īɫ൱ѿʵǵͬѧô֪ҵģ
Ī̲ţʵĸоһôС˵ֻġ
̿Ī㡭㲻Ǹˣ
жˣЦһСС;˶ˣǱһҲúˣ
㣬ҲǵڶеģְлСεȻСǸٵҲ֪ġ
׻ƵĽƶУڹٳʮֵأ  һ꼶ϵĸɲ˰೤͸೤֮⣬ʲôѧϰίԱίԱͶίԱʲôľͷǳĶࡣ
С󣬾ѧǶڸɲһֱܵηУ  ⲻò˵ЩʱҲһֽı
ֲá
Ī̵ɫ൱ѿ֮ǰڵڶеûٱ˸
һСȻô˵ԼѾ˵Ļ´˿Ҫž޴ѹ
ĪǼлСζᴵţǰɣҸ㣬лСζִ˵ģǲʵǰɣ̣
ʦлСȴҵģȻû취Żֵġ
̵ҲǸС˾һ͸˵Сȥȴ׸оһֱ
Ӵ˵ĽǶСѵļʵ̫̫ˣ  ʦΪʦȻҲ˵Ĳ̫ˣ
ʦôܡЩ𾪵ĿźһڸϹ
ɺΰѻ˵꣬Ѿ绰ˣһ͹ˣҿɸΣ˵Ҫεģ
ߣʦǼСλԸطأЦһʦʵ̫ˣ  һԵʦȥֱͦģ  ̡̳
ܽһʮ߰Ůӣĵͦʱеġ
ʮһ·ݵĶѾǱȽϵĺ䣬ŮһƤ£Ը󣡣  ˣ˰
һˣƺһһ㣬϶Цݣ
ʦǼҳ̳ôˣǸС˸Ӹ˰Ǽҳ̳ڼҶû˸һ£ûѧУȻ˴˱ѪˣʦǸʲôԵģ
Ůֽã̵裡  ƽҪǽԼĺӣû뵽ӵʦĵ绰˵ԼĶӱˣ  һӾͷˣ  ˣϢŭϢŭġ
Ͻ˵һ飬óСȫǳԼľ档
лСԼʦô˵Ҳǲ˵ʦ˵ġ
Сӣˣ
ȥҪȥлСεİƣʱĪѾվõĸǰ
˰ջǷˣźʦ˵ô찡һҼɾ͵ˡ
ãҲЩƵ˵ˣҪȻѧҳǸȻ⳥һЩҽҩΰ
ǸҪǵǸʲôǵǸҵĶӾû𣿡̬ᣬ˵˺ʦǼȱôҽҩѵ𣿡
ˣʵ鲢Ǻʦ˵һԳ
һһʦѲҶӱ۾Ϲ˲ɣӣ㵹Ǳһʲôӵģ
ʵȶ֣ڳ֪γˣӴʵҲҾǼҳûбҪСֵģӶˣҿǰѺ͵ҽԺȥȽ׵ɣ
úúã㾹ȻС˵ǰɣҵǮǸ˰ˣֱµ
ţ˭ҵĶӣ
֮ʣһʮµӴ˽ȥͦɲġ
˲òҲ֪ڶеĸܾҲ̵ĸף




411¹ٹ໤
 

׼ȥٿһ飬˵Լӱ֮Ȼ뿪˳ӡ
ⱦӴСǺëûжһ
ɽ쾹Ȼ˴ˣҴǱѪ
һ֮£ֱӰѵ绰˵һʵСѧУ½Ȩ  ½Ȩڽֿᣬ˵֮Ҳһ㶣  ѣ˵Ҫȥһʲô
ܰæͰæܰæҲûа취飡  һϵòɵˣ
ľ˾CеĸгһǰӳԱеһ
⸱гӣǹɾͲһ˰  ɵǣгֹܵĿǽһ飬˵ǵĶͷ˾Ķͷ˾
½ȨĶӱ֮ԴҲ˵һ  ҪгĻǿҲǳԲ˶ˡ
гڽǱߺһԼУ¾ͱָǲˣ
߹ٳıһ飬˭Ҳ֪˭Ǻǻ
ûеʱ򣬳½ȨѾǵѧУſڣ֮Ÿ
㿴ӱġ
һԼͷˣǸʤһ֡
˿ԼӵıӴвۣ滹һŴѪ˿޻Цһ˭ģ
һͳУѾˣϽܣСģ
ߣҰ֣ȻҴҵĶӣЦһ
Цһҿ㵹Ұ֣
˶ӣ˵һԣŲַʧ
˵ޱߣԼʵġ
ԼɲԼľ˾ǿ쵼CУ˵һҲǶ˸ˡ
û뵽Լ˵ͱ˸˻ȥ
ٿһԵĪ̵ʱҲɢһĹâ  ½ȨźС˭ҵİ
УлСΣĸ֮ǰĺǵڶеְ
ڵѧУʵҲͦɶģһСȥѧҪдĸְҵλʲôġ
ܶʱʦҲǿСıģǵٵģǻͲһˡ
Ǽ濪Ǯģ̬ȺпҲǲһ  ΨЩ˵ʲôģΪһְҵһеְжĳϢ
ʲô֣һǵڶеְʱˣ
ҰֽлĪѾ¸ˣ㻹ôΣ
ߣл֪ˣ˵ĲûõǰɣЦһ
𣿣Ī̲ͶҲ֪˻Ҫġ
ʵлҲڵų˲𣬴һծ
Ҫ֪л˲ǲٵģϾżʮĹء
ֻΪûǮⲹٳûеλ
ߣҵĶ൱ڲˣ⼸ǮǱǼˡ
Цһлԭǲ֪ģǼֵͦʵġ
Ƿ˲ٵǮʲô  ͹ˣ˶˵ûκεв  ҵҪôռΪУЦһ
˭㣿ÿһֱԼϹЩһʵ
׿ЦлСεĽôˣǼҶǼСΣǼСΣҪߵǷǺڰףҸǣŶûУ
ӴǣҵҪôŪûģ
ƢҲ൱Ĵ鵽˭˭ĶӾǲԣ  ԲԼĶӱģǵߣ
У˵ô죿ĺڵһСѧǸΣأҽ鿪˵ˣ
쵼һ˵ҲǷʩϰˣڿȥǽ飬͸һɲݾܾζ
УʵСҲûʲôҾòӦÿСΡ
θչҵûж೤ʱ䣬Ĺ滹ûڹĻͲ廰ˡ
½Ȩ˭˵ˣ˵ķҸ㣬̸ְͣʡҵʲôʱֵˣ
У
θоԼЩǳưͿһ㣬Ѳʵܽ  ߣһ׿˿½ȨЦʦ˵ʵǾͲǲ˼˵ǻҪ˼Ҹ˰
ΪҲߣûʸ˵ڴһʵСѧлСΥѧУļɡְ̿ͣʡ̬ȻĻҲ
½Ȩһƺ¶˾ģʵôʲô
һѧһĽʦֵܹõĻģҲֵõģ
ײûָЩ˹ܹʲô飬ٹ໤ĵǶá
û뵽˾ȻһСŹ
һŭˣ




412½Ҫ
 

˵УߴأǼСδȥ˭Ҳȥ
Цһ͸һ˿ı䣡  ʵϣJLʡʶ˲࣬ƫƫ憴⹫JLʡεǡ
ٹ໤
׽ҪýǿϽĵطƤӵ·顣
ԭŵǣҳܹƽ͵ĻȻҲƽʲô
СӴ˭ûд
СʱʵҲһʵͽĺӣҲԵĸ˳ëʲôġ
ôҲû뵽˻Ҫ˼ҿĵ
ҪҽҸ㽲  㲻ҽǶԲˣûеɽˣ  ŰӣЦһҵҪôǴȥġ
һԵСӾʣ¸ƤˣҲʲôˣ
ҹʲôˣʲôϵЦһΪʶУͺţǲǣẰҾͲ᣿
ˣһҸǰ˵Ҫˣһ治ˣҵҪܺ˭
ΪŵĿףгм
һﲻΪԼͳ½ȨôСɫɣ  һ֪Լľ˾ǸгĻı»ǳľˡ
ͳ˵绰ȥ
Ī˿ģΪǣǲ֪׵˭
ȥıӰЦһҵҪ쵽ܺʲô˹
½ȨЦŵܣСӹƾǸӣCؽϣ˭֪˭أгڣһܱQȥ𣿡
һβôСǿ϶ѧУˡʦʲô⣿Ѳ֪Ǽҳ̵̳ľүү˭𣿡
ɫ˵ֻҪвӵģǸһȥˡ
εɫ൱ѿ  û뵽ƽʱĶŵĳУһĵ
Ͼ˼һǸӣлСƽʱϲ˼ĺӡ
һ֮µʦΣѧУһأ
ǾʦѧҵģʵʦȻ룬ҲطҲ
ʵʲôطҲأ  ûлC֮ǰھҲǸɵķˮģ
Σ
½ȨξȻ̬ȣҲǲȻŭ
һԵĪ̿εʦûйϵˡ
οĪ̵ⲻ⣬ǽԭ⡣лСдҲӦʦҳüҳĻôǲгĶֻҪ˭˳ۣ˭ҵĺӾҪ뿪ѧУأ
㡭㻹Ƿˣ½Ȩŭһ
ҽ컹͸ˣгĶӿ˭˳˭͵ùͽʵ
㡭
һᣬ̸ֱǶţ٣
һʱЩ䳡˿ףȴѾǽͨJLʡǽӵĵ绰
ιǽӡ
ӽӵ绰ʱ쳣ĵͳİĺҲüͷ
绰˽˵绰Ǽˣһ˻Ĳ֪
ǣҽס׻׼ҽһ£û뵽ѾЦá
֪ңЩֵʵ
ӹһЦĴ֪֮ܲǰ׼ҹѾǸҽˣŮҲҽˣлл㰡ҵŮ
Ǻǣû뵽Ƕ˵ˡҲЦ
Цŵ֮ǰ˵ҪJLʡҿǶôҲøһɣ
˾CУԭһǲ鷳ǵģ
׼򵥵İ˵һ顣
ͷĽһĳĬȻCеһʵСѧȵȣҹʮӾ͵
CеһʵСѧʵϾʡԶϳ  CеѾǰǨ³ǣʡȴǰϵط

Ҳû뵽ǾȻԹӦǽһ绰͸㶨飡  ֻҪǴ绰˿¶ɹˡ
ӳίⱾҵĴJLʡ˺ܶĵطΨһĿǰûпȥУҵȻҪʲôطˡ
ŽӵĻҲЦŵҾ͹ǵĴˡ
ţȥȲҪҵݣҿ˵Ǹʲôţ񡭡
ӵƺһǻŭ𣬿ûбֳΪһʡ⽮ĳǸ  ׹绰һ˿Цһνһ꼶Ľʦ칫ڣ




413װģͷ
 

һʵСѧ칫¥  ʱѧУķѧɣ°ʦҲѾ°ˡ
һε߽˰칫ңĪ̴ԼСлСο˿ס
Сӣ̸ҶӵǸһԿǷһ
ףĿдһ˿˿Ĳм֮ɫû뵽һﾹȻԼȥˡ
ȻҪˣС²̨  ƲһۣȻ˸ղελʦллղŵͦɵ˺ǲ˼
γʼҲΪʦɣĵߺ͵һеģô
ĪһԳ޵ʦȷҲֵҾʦܹ̳ѧ
΢΢ҡͷʵһкܶ಻ĵطڿҲ޷λˣ
ЦŰڰֵ˵㲻ܴλͲܴλˣǸЦ
ЦһУҸղҲҾ˾˴˵绰ᣬһЩʱҲθҿ
ԭĲΣʵ̫·ˣ  ʱȻվ׵սϣԼʲô  ȻҪӢۣͱҪۣ
½Ȩ̵гһҪ
ǵȻˣҾ˾ϲľǼҳ̳ˣ˵̳ѧУϢ֮߶ӣмĿһһԵ׵˵
ʱһһĹȥ  ƺԸ뿪طҪ׵ʲô  ڵȴŽӵĵ
ԼĪʮӹƺѾܵ˽ӵĵЩֵ ӾȻһ˹ġ
ѲһΧ־ѧУ治ԶͣһһյĹó
ҲûдĵĹ⻹һʵµӡ
ˣ
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ڳ½ȨǲܵģΪһİ칫ҶֱŶ룡
ӽһɫɽװȥԼĪʮӣӡ
𡭡壿
ԭ׼ǵģ˽Ӳû¶ݣʱĿں˽塣
ǣ˰ͺôװģͷôҲʶ
ʡĵڵ쵼ǱȽϵϤûп
ʵҲǺģJLʡŰʱ䣬Һܶʱһչеġ
ģûй  ҪȥڶеĵλУ½Ҳǲ̫ܣ  ˵עһ㣬ҪôᣡӹǺģƲƲ
ߣҾͽôŰɣ˭㣿Щһʵ
һٴǸŵ˿׵ҪȻȿ˵
׵ͷ壬λʦɣʵʱҲ˽⣡
ʲô֣ӿʵЩĿ˿ʵǣ
˭ҪҪ췢ڳ𣿡ʵ
ڳģʵСЩ֣˳ͻҲ׼ֹţǵʱЩԶԵҹȥʱСѾײǽˣҪ˵СвԵĵط
Ȼ֪ǰ˵˭һһʮ˵š
ӿ˿˭
ңǱСİְ֣ҲCеڶеĸܾСѣһ
оһĺЦһҲ̫ˣΪһܰ׵˹ţˣ  ֻʱʵЩ̣ҪȻĻĸɲôҲ֪ʡĽˣ  ֪η
ôҾʣӳղһ˵һУ
ҾǵһʵСѧУ½Ȩ
½ȨҲվ˳ⱳ˳¸ɶ
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Ҳ˭˵ȥĸʲôΪ쵼鹤ǸЦŲѧУȥ
½ȨŽŶоЩͷ  ڽӻ׼˽һЩʱĵ绰Ѿ
ӦǸ˾гˣ




414
 

칫һƬأ
ӵüͷ壬һССУְȨѧУʲôˣ˽е𣿡
ǺǣҪܵУҲа½Ȩм˵
һԵ˵һͷΪ˸ߵİɣ
ҲЦŵܡУҿǻǲ˵˷ʱˡҪȻСȥҽԺɣ
һҾ˾˹ߣУһԶٷ΢΢һЦ
гҲμӣ½ȨЩʵ
ǵȻˣ˾˺һˣôҲ˾˳Զٷɣ˿½ȨȻԼõã绰ꡭ
õģСӴǼҳ̡̳л൱Ĳ
ɫ׵ԼҲģɾȻѧҳͺӵ澹Ȼ˵Ȼֱǽİడ
СӴǼҳ̳̣Ѿ𣿷İɣѧϲɣŰ˵
ЦһôĵӣĵԱɲҵҪôλõġ
СмĺһȻ˵ܻܲʵİ֪ĻΪCеһأ

һˣȥͱȽСһЩ
ʱɨһȦΪӱҲû⣡
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ĿһµôôҪʲô˭ľ˭Ρ
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ЩŵĿ˿ǰǸˣǲǽ˭
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οҪǶʶĻCлJLʡôȥأ  ֻôɫվطһԲ
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һϱĻоԼǰһڣȫǺ  Ĳ
һ嵽˽ӵĸǰĵ˵ǣôⰡ
ӿ˿ߣôͲˣڵһʵСѧС
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ĨҪˣôܿôʵıأ
ǣǡҡ
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ȻԼǸûϳǵݰ
ʲôǲǣֻҿģʦӿ˿׺ε
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Щʵ˭
ӰڰֵJLʡǵǶ˰ҵƤӵ¾Ȼᷢ飬ٹ໤ֱ̾ΪֹĵزһСһͱ˸Ūѧϡ
һߣǰһڣǿŵǣһúõĵ飬һϢ
ߣҵҪôִߡ
Ӳڴ֪Щ飬ΪԼѾˣ  ղŰӣĿģ
Ǹ½Ȩģ׼¶ĶJLĽһγ׵ĸĸ  Ӵż뿪ߣȻû˵仰ȴѾһƨ̱˵ˣ  Ļûʲô飬ƫƫʹĹˡ
ڱǴ˸ţһҪ޵ĳ嶯
˾ˣôܡ
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ž
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΢΢ָ㡭ƽʱûµʱҪңƫƫϲװβǣ
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ֿ֪ͨᣬȰǸŮʦΪһʵСѧĸУ½ȨУֱĨҲѧ
гҿǡ
½Ȩ֮󣬼һͷԵڵϣжĥɱ¿֮Ȼôľ




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ΪһʡǣæµĻûʲô֮ܳΪæµˡ
Ͼƹһʡķչ
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̳ͷܶĪ̿ĵĴԼСȥŸʽʩ
׵оЩ࣬һԸоڵĺܣ
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˵ؼαήٹóð
Ҳ˵ˣǹóҵʮ䣬˵Ŀǹʴư
ҾͲ֪ˣ϶ˣҲ֪˭Ҫأ
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˵Ӣ׵ĺȡ
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˶ʮˣҲ̨ʲôҲЩˣ
׸оһ֮ʣȻܵһɲͬѰϢ  Ϣ׻ƵһЩ𣬿ɸ֮ǰ֪ʹһҲ
ߣ
üͷһšһɻΪûиܵϢ
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ûй೤ʱ䣬ȻɲͬλŮϢѾǳߣ  ʥ֮
һγֵļˣ׿ƶʥ֮Ϣ֮ǰ˹ǰ˲  ʵֵĺܣͷʥ֮Ȼ
Ǹ֪׻ߵϢһȻܶĹͬǶֳͨģ  ǰλŮȻƺҲʥ֮ɺЩȴȻͬ  ŻͲһ㣬
ȴԸܵĳǼ˳ֵһ̣ȵп˼£ƺͻȻûʮ׼  ܿ죬㳪һ׸裬췽£׸˳
׿ó뿪ʱɫҴң
һжϵĳǰͻȻֵ˾ԲǸǰŮһģʹһ嶢ϵ˵˭  е˼
¶һ˿˿΢Цԭ顣
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ĪҲ֪ױȽϵæЦŵţȥأʱ˴ҵ绰
Ī̴лСȥһԵĹóƵ꣬ȻĸǼʥ֮Ϣ




416¶ʹһ
 

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֮УӰĸȣ˿ǰ˵ѾԽԽ죡
˭Ҳ֪֮ϣż׷Ҹϣ˿ĻΪʲôء
CеĳܲĴɽ֮У  Щһϣ׼ͷǲǻ˸ԼʱȴԼѾΧˣ
ȣһοܣ
һ𷢱۵ĶӥǵӣһЦݣŶȸоǿζһ㣡  ߣΪ׷ɱңһ๦򰡣Ǳ׻Ƶĵؽ磬Ǹط֣
ǿĵĿ־壬Ҳ
ٺ٣?μΪ֮һΪЩ׻Ƶ߲ɣ
˽θʹһ˴֮һμš
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ˣϾ׻Ƶĵؽ磬ȰħŮץ˵ɣվڸԱߵǸ˳
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ױʲôʹһʵûʲôøУ⼸۸һŮˣȻǿȥˣ
ߣ׻ƾڶ֣ôĵӣ
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417ոʹ
 

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һȥ߾ĴطĻ¸ĲҶˣ  CУ˽һʱ䣬Ҳûз˶Լ
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ˡ
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418ƾʲô㣿
 

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һԿǱߵȥɵû£ȴȾȻ˰ʹ




419
 

𾪵ĿǰףеĲˣ
׵ֶβǸܹ͸ģȻڱˡ
ʹһ屾ܵĶԶߵų⣬һ˿ʧ䡣
֪ʲôħԼ˼ά֮У׾ˣѾǸٹһ㣡  ˣôأʹ
ЩֵĿף˼άʵ⡣
˿̵Ȼǽ˫ۣ  ҲУֶһŵҩ

ҩƬСĿռбķ飡
˲䣬һɱŰװסȾǱƬʵһ״׵İſˣ  ĸԶʵ벻ͨռ֮ôôԴ
ʵϣʹһνĹ֮ʵϸû̫
ֻΨһĲͬ壡
ȻˣʹһǸ׻ȥһСС壬ֻչ׳ˣ  ˵׵ĻЩݵӦ׻ʷеһ֣
ͻƣ
׿ɲǸɵӣΪʲôҪȵʵ  һղҲ֪ȵݣʹһʥŮʵǿɺӦҲǿԵģ  Ȼˣʹһ嵽ʲôĿǰ֪
оҲܾĸԼ˵ʵģҪ˵ʵǾ͵øô
׾շȵĻôδոʹһ壬žѵİġ
˵ˣҲǺķһЩģ
Ҳڸ䵥£ټɱǼʹһˣʹһεѣ  ĻҪһﵱˣҲѣ
ԵҩƣǼ򵥣Ը˺ǳĴ  ־ѪΪˣڸ󼸺ûκε˺ҲΪ׵һְ취  ڵȨһ֮󣬾ոһ󣬵һļ򵥣  ȵɫ죬оԼ׵һ㣡  أ
һһıһԵĸŶо}ûţ  ⵽ʲô
ʿˮǰȣĺ֪Ǹʲô  
ȷһ֮Щĸоȥȴ˸棡  ׿ҲЦЦ  ʱĹǿʵķҲǺķ񣡣
˿ڿףͷȫǺ飬Ϳһ㣡  
оô
׿˿ȣ˿̰Χߵɢȥȵӿȥӵʥޱȣ
оڻ³Ŷҵţղҵ׾ʲô
ԼͣоԼһô
Ѿʵʵڵĸܵʵϵ
˵ղԸһĶûеĻڵоԼһֻ־ܹһ
ȣҡҸղſѾǰʹʵˣ̫˼ˣ
Ҳ̶ȣȻҲ׵ĸǰˡ
ԡ
ȲϵԼʵоԼϵ




ȵ󣬳Ķʵʵĳ򣬿ŸˮֱӣҲǸоһĺЦ
ҪľЧ
ڸ׼֮ʣһ̣Ӷˣ
Ϊȵ󣬾ȻðһԳȻһԳ򲢲ôԣˣ
󾪿ֵĿȵ׼ʮʹôܣˣⲻġ
ΪʲôģѾ˵ˣԺĺģǸһʲô˼ʱŪʮʹɡ
ڸԻأ˵Ҳġ
˻˵ȴν  ôԴǶѣҲܹѳܶĸˡ
Ȼ֪ԼʵһܸߵĲΣɵӸĿ˵׼ʮʹ⼸ֵʱǱˣ  ͷ˿ǹɼ֪ˣ
׿˿Цŵղƾʲôң˵ƾô
ҡţֻǴղ˵Ǹ
ȿף˿ǿ·һ㣡
ʹһǷǳĳǿߵģܹԼʵǿߣ  һ㣬Ǵȵôܹ׳֮أ




420һ
 

ڸ㿪Ц
׵üͷüǲЩԽ  ˣղ˵ǸʵЩŰʹһǿ֪
ЦһСӱԼһߵģ
ǣˣǡЩֹ˵
һԵȵͷˣĲǲʵʵҪʹһ壬Ĳ̫ʵ
׿˿ȵھҪһ㣬ҪҵĻţҪĻţ
ǵȻҪĻ˰ˣȳ
ʹһѾѹûʲôռˣΪʲôѡ񷴿أ׳
ԥһ£ҧҧʵŴʵģֻǶʹһʥŮ
ڶʹһ˵ϻ׿˿ʵ
ȳ˵Ȼ˵ϻˣʹһĿǰȺףĿǰ̻ʴʧ٣ʱ´ƹܣʥŮͽѣ
Ǻǣԭ㵣ĵЦЦλΪһĶʹ̻أ
⡭ôأȼ´̵ʵ൱ġ
ûκǲܵģ׳
˵꣬һεóһ˿ף˿׵ķ൱ǿֻҪʵ̫ǿ֮ˣ϶ɲ̫˺
ˣֻܹӦһ׵ġ¶һ˿Цݵ
˭ϣһֻѾ̤˺´̵ʵֻҪʱյĻȻܹγ㶦֮ƣ  ׿˿ȵһһȥǰģ
󾪺ˣհǿǿһʹһ徳ڣ¾ͺѻȥˣ
ǰˣĹ֪ʵһﵽһľͲɵĳ·ˣ
Ҳһ㵵ĿʵһĵҲ̫˰ɣ
Ĺػ֮䱾ͷսǽС΢
׵ʵҲ֪϶ǳˣ  ʵܹԷؽģҲǺ̼龳ǿܹ룡  һʵﵽ´̻˵徳ĻǾͲܹˣ
ǶԷ룬ĻҪԷĵؽ磬Ǳɱ⣡  ʵﵽһľ磬ЩҲν
˭˵Ļأ
ӹ򣡣  Ƕʵܹ˵Ļأܹ˵óģҲֻˣ  ׿˿Ⱥ͸΢΢һЦȻҵķǵˡʹһ巢Σܹסң

ȶ֪ǰ֮˵ʲôʵȻ˼Ѿ˵ˣҲҷɣ  ˣȹһˣҾ͹ȥʱֱϵͺˡ׳
ҪҪһϵʽʵ
ţʱֱǣ
׵ͷȵ˿׵룬˿׿
ȻȻһĿȥףоԼһ㣡  ԭΪ϶⵽Ķ֣û뵽Ȼӵġ
ʵˣпܳΪʹһεȨˣ
ȻҲоҪȥЩ̫˼飬ɽѾǾһβ˼  ԭǹ׼ɱģȻ뿪ˡ
Ҷȵ̬쳣ĺã  øǱʹһ壬ϵŬȡһٵĵҩŬԼʵ
׿⸥ʷǳĸߣʱһΪ´̵ʵʹһĵλҲֱߴġ
Ҫշʹһ壬ڲ߽ӦĽݾˣ
ײ֪ǣȺ͸УѾǽһˣ
뿪Ƭ֮УһλصCеʱѾ糿ߵҡ
ԭҪֱȥĪţɹĪ̺лСӦû˯
Ŷһ·̯ģҲȤ  ⶫûгԹӾ˹ȥһĪ̺лСҲ緹ȥԳԣҲǶ˯һᣡ
̯Ӿڹóǰһ·ϣ·߰˼ӣȻ͵Ĺ߻϶ȥЩƾɵֳϣ
ȥʮǱæµţȥ鵹ǲ
ү裬ǹˡ
׸հѶڵһ֮ʣһԲ֪˭һ
̧ͷһʱӸΧסˣ




421
 

óǰŵĴϣһʮ˿ȥʧӡ
ԭ緹ҲվոЩƽĵط˿̿ʼľۼˡ
ʱϰĵ㣬Ȼ߷ڻжξ룬ɽϵҲʼĶˡ
Ѷȫߣ֪ϲð̯Ӱ
һųǹƷվһȺǹܵǰ棬ȥ档
ھߣھߡ
˿ȥǻţ̵˵
ߣԺǰɣҸǣ·ξͲ׼̯֪𣿡ͷĳǹܿЦһ
ǣھ̯Ժˡ
ǹܻЩСˣ˵òдһ˻ͬߵġ
ǰˣȥʮˣô˻ôǮȻӦǼҾôá
Ļ˭¼ȵ£أ
ߣ
Ǹͷ֮ƺһ㶼ͨҲһ˿˿֮ɫ
Щ˵ ƺˡ
Щ̫ȥ˼˶ѾˣҲͨһ°ɣ
Ŀֲ˼ҶΪ˾ĲҪ˼ҳ  һ׹ӦҲвٵǮ
ɾ׼վ֮ʣһȥʮµ˳˼˶ˣܲеģ
СӣִȰ㻹ǲҪˣͷǸǹЦһ
˵ʲôж£óϰ̯ҲٰɣǸղŴӶ߹Ǳ߲һôǼңҲңר˼λ˼ҵأ
ǰΪʲôǼأ
˭֪Ǽǹϵɣͷ˭˵׼أ
̫ڰˣ˼˶ôóأ
ҪĻǾ̫˰
һȺ˵ָָ㣬ͷĳǹҲһıŭ
ִ˸վָָ㣬ΪʲôΪǵ  û뵽쾹ȻôСվ˳ĿֱָԼҪ
ôִйϵ
ͷ֮˽ܰ£Cгǹִܾӵĸӳ
һ²ҪҪССⲻһǾͳ  ǵҪʱϺϣΪЩСС϶ʱγġ
˵ġıȽ϶࣬ҹ·ʲôıȽ϶ࡣ
⼸Ҫ󣡣  治ûǱģЩ˽һЩ֮ǾͿö֮·Ÿֶ
ȻˣǱȽټģϾ̯С뻹Ǻܵ͵ġ
ڽЩõĻʱൽΪ˭׬أ  Ǹվˣҿǹó̳һλܡ
ֵ࣬ıȽϵ磡  ҿĹǲģCһȶұȽĹ
ó̳CĿǰҵõһ̳Ȼ滹оܼ࣬ʮ꣬ǰ;Ǻܺõġ
ҿһȽˣũ壬ҼҾʮֺá
Щ׬ǮǱͬĵģÿ춼λ߳Ե㶫
û뵽磬ȴ飡  ƢһҿԼûпƵסȻҲ֪ǹԼǲġ
ҿЦһôִûйϵһҪ˰ˣȨලǣ
СǲǷӰȻҸ˵ܰһ㶣漴Ц
û뵽Сӱ˰쾹ȻôһЦ˵Ļ
˵СӣҪڸԤִĻǿɾͲҪǲ˰֪ж𣿡
ܰµԱߣǼֱЦһ˿ЩģҿҲЦ
ôˣֻҵɣҪĹƽĻǾǱһҿ
ҾϲôˣҪܣҽǿҵ겻˳ۣܰôŰ
ܰµ޵ģǰҿѾĲˣ
ҿҲǸ¿ƢЦһһҪ˵˵ˣ
Ȼô֪԰Ҹ㣡˼Ǳ㣬Ƿ֤ģû֤֪𣿡
ܰЦһʵǸˣҲʲô࣡
ëͷСҪǼֱҲûа  ܰȻŹְҲǺڰͨԵẦС᣿
ڴ֤ͲӰˣҿЦһ˿ã
ܰ¶ҵļ˵Сӷִȸҹؽ˵
ǣӳ
ΧʮǹܼͬʱӦǣƵͦ˵ġ




422±ߵĳǹ
 

һ£
ʮѾǰҿΧΧܶΧָָ㣬ɾû˸վ˵һ仰
ϾҶϰ壬һỹҪϰأ˭Ըأ
Ҫһʲô飬ʱٰԼĹ˵ĻЩòʧˣ
˵̬ܶ˶Ը²ؼ߸߹
Ҫ鷢ͷϵʱ򣬵ʱҲֵĻ֪ʲôĮˣ
Ǽǹܼҿʱλȴȥ
ϴүǼǹҲǰӳӵ飬ҡԸ⽻Ը⽻
һȥЩͭ˭ϡСһٶӣӲŪԺô죿
ܰЦһֱ͸оϵЩʲô  ˵ΨһĻϻųǹܵƷ  ҿô˿ʼԼҲŭһƾʲôץңҷʲôǵ˵
أ
֪˭һȭֱҿĶϣžм˶ҿһٱ򣡣  ܰЦһҴҵˣߣҪִȰСӸŪϳ˵
ܰȻ˵ִѾ
ڵ޲ԼȥСӼţִڻûһ˸Ҹôš
ǵ˵ĻǻҲ⣡  ⲻǵˣȻҲôţΪô
ҪΪᳫִĻ͵ڰСӵƤˣ  ҿЩʹΧȻû˸ǰҲӹһ˿  ԭΪԼһ飬ٻ˰˵仰
ڿ鷢ʱȴԹۣ  ôܻᱻأ  һ˿֮ʣȴһӰѾǳǰ  ſ
׿ҿǸйĺӣǱô£ȻҲüͷûһ£
ҪЦֻҪҿǸʲôˣ
˻һͦжĵˣ
ϲǴͣҲӲģ
ûˣ˵ʵԼҲֵģֻ˲мһѡ
ߣײа˰һԼ°
ܰµĵӺζôȥϰ࣬һ·̯Զˣʲôɫ  ͷǮȨˣ˭ôŪ·̯Գԣ  ܰûмˣ  ׿˿ܰµ˼Ҳ˵乫ʲôȨץˣ
ûȨץڲ֪ôĆһ䣬һץŲţ
ܰ¿ɲǰ˵˭ͷϡ
׿ŲܰЦһð˷ˣô˫۾أǾôִ𣿡
ǲײĲᰡֵǣһץˡ
ܰʱѾǺۣ˭Ҳκӵġ
ץңûзûǣҪǶңҿɾͲˣ
ЦһҲأ  ҿҲǼǣ㻹ǸϽ߰ɣ˸
ϣ
ܰ¿ɲǱŴģһСᣬĻУ  飡
һǹܳ׵ĸ첲ץȥʱֱһŰǸǹ߷  Բ꣬
ܰһһﾹȻҶ֣һŭˣ  ܿȴǰȥˣսʵ̫ǿˣ
һȭһЩȥɷĳǹܻ϶˵ϣ
ʮˣô˼һ˸ʰˣ  ЩǹܿԼû뵽ƽʱߺģȴ˸ʰˣ
簡
žžž
ΧһŽкЩΧ۵˼Ǳ͵Ӹˣ
ҿǰ׵ûǣ㻹ǸӰ
Цŵһпõѣ
׵Ķ棬Щֻ۸ƽͷϰգȴԼƶνĹˣʲôأ
ҿҲһһ
ܰ¿ǰˣҲЩĸоҲ̫ܴ˰ɣ
֪Լ˺ˣ
һ㱣ɡǾԼǹְԱЩִģǵʱ򲻹˭˭׿϶ܲˣ  Сӣ֣ȻҵڴִԱˣ
ܰ¿ףдһ˿˿ľ֣һԼ
׿ŲܰЦһҲ֮ΪִԱҿƤǸå
Ǹҵš
ܰɫ࣬˿Ƕˣ  ͳֱֻӾʹ˵绰Ǿ棬Լŵ˾Ȼڱˣʱ򻹲ˣ




423ʢ˵پ
 

ҿŲܰ½ˣҲЩڣûúһ¾Ȼ߰
ǹܾ־߲ԶҲķӵ·̣  ײδ뿪Ҳ֪Լ뿪ĻԱߵСӿ¾Ҫùˣ  ˵ˣĳǹеİ࣬ȻȻҪܵף  ĻԺ۸ĲЩƶϰ
ǱִִĻô׸ܹ顣
˼һִԵȴ˸ˣǣЩν֤ͿӰݣֱڵ̰  ܰ£ʲô
Ȼ߰ǰ˿ȥӦǸ쵼ģˡ
ֽٺCгǹֳָܾӵ˲ܰµĵ绰˵Լڹóִʱ˸ˣ
ٺһⲻǷ
ֻʲôʱǱ˴ʱˣ
ܰһٺ̵֮پ֣һ谭ִŹִԱʼӣ
ߣǳԸɷ𣿾ˣǾȻ˸ӣ˰
ٺһŵЩǹԱоЩһ
һҲ˰ɣ  ô˶򲻹ҪսĻԺôȥִأ
Ȼ˵ᳫִܶʱ̫ܣ
ǵ쵼׿˿ٺʵ
CгǹֵܾĸֳٺСӣҵˣٺʵ
ʲôҴˣֻܹû£ִЦһ
ٺ˿׵ǣСòģЩ˾ܲϣѲǾ𣿡
ʲôʱ˵ҪˣЦһ
ٺǼȻˣǵִʲôֵ㶯ִôˣҿǵû
׳Լ˵
ܰ£˵
ٺϾǸ쵼Χ۵ô࣬ɲ̫ҡ
߿ģһǿɾϰ߷ˣ
쵼˶ΧߵĻʱԼҲԲ˶ˣ  پ֣С̯Сû뵽ǰٰӣûа취ҪǸŪߣû뵽ֱӾͰǵ˸ˣ
ܰһˣʱ˵ֻǵô൱˵棬һ㶼죡
׿ŲܰЦһҲǲװ㣬ԱǸ̯Ϊʲôˣ˵Ƿ˸ʲô֤ѲӰòǷ֤йϵ𣿡
㡭
ܰû뵽СӾȻôѲݺݵĿһס
ٺһ֪ô£ǹܾ֪ܲ  Ȼ֪ȻĬģ
ֻڴ֮ͥ˵ЩϹҲסˡ
㷴Ӧǻȥģǵˣܲô֮ɣ
ǰˣ
׸Ҫ˵ʱȺ߳һװͦӣȥʮ¡
ٺ֮󣬱Цǰֵپ֣ô⣿
ܣϰô磿ٺˣҲǰֵ
ǺǣҲ֪ʣٹ첻˫ʮһ̳Ҳڸ
ֽǹó̳ǵĵܣ
ҿһʱҲһû뵽ԼϴȻˣ
Ҫ֪ڹó̳Ǿ죬˵ĻǾ  ֻʱܣоʲô£
ܡ
ҿԼϴܲܲһ°ɣ
Сᣬô⣿پְ⵽ô°ٺЩƵʵ
˿ڵϵЩˣҲ֪϶Ƿʲô飡  ٺЦһܰˣ
Сǹó̳ǵĲܡ
˵ܰ˴ҵˣ˵ӦôأٺЦһ
СˣôأЩŵĿҿ
һЦһ˴ģûκεĹϵ
ܰһڻҿʱСӵ쵼ˣЦһСҲˣ
ô£Сᣬ㾹ȻҴˣ
ٺ˿ҿ˵Цһ˵ܰĻЩడ
ó̳ǵĻһ࣬ȻȻľͿʼֻ
ЩڳǹֱܾģϾĵطɲڹó̳ǣҲӰòˣ  Ȼˣó̳ĵطϵĻǷǳĺõģʱٺ˵ֻ˼Ѿˣ
پֵ˼ǣ˿ٺٺв֮⡣
ҿ˲զΰǹó̳ˣԺҪ߶߶
ٺҪøڰҿˣȻԼְȨ
ҿһ֮ɫһ±ѿˣͷҸ




424½ü
 

ܡ
ҿŸҲ΢΢Ҫ֪˵û˹Ļķɶˡ
ҿʮˣڻûҵһ󣬻ΪûǮ  ͷ˭ϲһûǮûйأ  ݹҿ˵˵Ƕô󣬿ȴܹܶĵ֮
һ󣬾ǹó̳ǵģ
һ϶ҪˣʵԼһֵģֻڼԷԼȳ˸緹ѣ
ԭҿҲûаôأѾԼˡ
˿ҿСᰡ̫ˣ
仰ǰѵӸˣ˼鲻ôҿĴ  ʵҲûа취飬ٹҪˣ̳һǿżء
һƻ˵ĻҵܵܶӰ죡
ҪҵܵӰĻ̳ĿָͻܵӰ죡
Щǹغźְܶĸģɸû뵽һǣһ쵼Լְô˭أ
ȻĿҲΪ˸ְܵвԺ˭أ
ҿ˿ܣ۸ˣֻ˵乫ѣҲд𣿡
ԴȷһߣСᰡҵĻǲģԼҲǲɣҶ깤ʡ
Ѿڶ˵ʲôˣȻԸԸðŵǹֵܾΣһССְģ  ׿˿Լ˱۸ˣΪԼԱӣȴֺñˣ쵼ҲǹԵģ
㡭
ףҪ˵ЩʲôԼҲЩɬ  ЩǱеģɵ˵ʱһôĲпᣡ
ѾԲڸıģ  ʲô쵼ҿ⹤ҪҲգһҵˣܶԼɣ
Ⱥ룬һβŮ˳ȥĵҲޱȡ
ҿһˣЩŵ˵С㶼˰
ûп٣ǸղԱߵѾ˵ˡǳǹ۸ҪҿˣҲ˵ģͷѲ˵𣿡
˵ŮҿŮѣʵļҾǲġ
ҲǸʣŮˣͱҿСһѣ
ͶϵģȻҲ̸
ֻҿ̫ţΪԼұܹCһ׷Ӷ˵ѾΪˡ
ĸĸΪԼļҾԼһֱŬ  ԼĹˣΪȻȥ
û뵽ؼʱ̣ﾹȻվˣֱӸܸˣ  ²û뵽ֱQһԼԱоϻġ
ƽʱȨƺһʧӰ٣  ٺЦһܰƽʱܽ޷İèĶԸߺ
Щ˵پЦˣ
ӣҲûںĻˣЩһ٣
Ҳˣ
˵ɲʲôģڼȻԼ˶ˣоҲûʲô˼ˣ
ԼͦŵģûзʱҲ
ǽüҲ
Ů˶磡
ЦſŶĸֻɫ൱ƽȣ
ٺųЩ䣬ŲܰµĿҸʲôץ˰ҵ˾ߣ
ǣپ֣
ܰ··ǵõʲôзһٺô˵Ϊļ
ͷɲʵ̫̫ˣ
һҹշת֮һҹû˯ȥʮֵ㲣  ûԼļʻԱԼϰ࣬Ƕһ˹
ʵ鼫Ϊĸӣһ׼ȥֿᣬΪҪһ̬
ʵڹóõԱߣߵߵʱ򿴵ΧôˣҲ˹ȥ  Ϊһгһڴϵʱǳ٣  ϵʱȴֺһбЩһˣƽʱЩ߸ϵĸоûˣһƽܣ  ֪Լ;ܿͻߵյ㣬ȻԼⱲûзʲôĴ  ɼһЩСֻҪ㱻JLʡһǸ˵ĻҲûϷˣ
һҪΪԼǸĻҲ˵ĲϾܹϸгˣûһˢӣôأ  ԭû鿴֣ȻǹֹܵģȻһžͣǱߣ  Ѳɳǹϵͳֳ۶ˣ
пһ£ϾǷֹ쵼ҪǳʲôĻ군ˣ




425ǿӲ
 

ץ
񾯴˿Χ׺ҿһԵٺǰˣҲһЦ  ûһ㣬һֱʱױֳĵѾԶԶĳ
ֻڻûʶ⣡
ץҿԣ˲ûж֣˼ֻ˵乫ѣ׿һ񾯵
ʲô˻īʲôȴȥ˵Ǹ
ϾǹܺȻһϵͳǹְԱӻҪġ
ʱһûд˵Ļʱˣ  ǾñȰ˴ȥ˼ҵĸֳء
ٺ˿⼸񾯵ĸɳģ
ϣɳģپ֡
Ǹͷ񾯶ٺЦŵʶٺΪٺǵϵ൱ġ
ǺǣĵĲ°ӡٺص˵һ¡
ףپ֣Ǹ񾯳ٺЦЦȻһԵ˵ȥ¼ڹȹ˵
ЦһԭҪȵɳֽ飡  ҪִˣȻûкùӳԣ  Щ˼ֱ֪࣬˭˭ǣƫƫҪߵڰף  ʲôˣ׵У㲻Ϻˣ  ʱȴԼȻһˡ  ȻϤ Ϊżģû뵽ĵطȻˡ
ҲãһܹܹµˣŽԲˣ  ߵʱ򣬿ΧˣԭҲû⣡
ɵǸ˵ʱصص۾
ҵθѽ  ĲǸ̸Цļһ
˿̵Ǿţһ˷ܣ͸һûᰡ  ʲôأס֣
Ⱥ˳ܶ˶Ǹһ·
ʱ򵫷վֵ˶ӵ֡
ͷȱľǿֵˣֻҪʲôĻͱһǶûκεĹϵ  ˭㣿
֮ǰٺ˵Ǹɳ񾯿˿бЦ
гôˣ
ٺһ֮Ҳһгôأ  Ҫ֪ǵķֹ쵼˵ٺĶͷ˾
ٺһԼĶͷ˾ˣܲ
ҸʲôҪ𣿼ֱЦǸʲôϹȻץˣǻûһ֯ˣ
гǸһٺӣҲŵöһ¡
񾯵ֱǺ֣ôȺڶأԵ޹ʵץ˸ʲô
гǲԵ޹ʵץˣ˴ʮǵĳǹܡ
ǸΪ϶վһߵģȴ֪Ѿǰ鶨ˣ  ˼һö˶˵ĹЩǹһֱ꣬óǹҪִִ𣿡
гǿһֱִģٺ̵
һȻߵ׵ĸǰЦŵλûίɣ
۾һذ  ԭ˻ΪȥǱѯһɿгֱӾǹһӣһƣ
׿˿гЩǹĿŵĶСշѷ֤շѵֱӾ㿴Щˣ˼ҷȥͷңǳǹҪǿҲø˼һʱɣ
ǣִϽĵط̵
ڿȥ׵һ쵼һ˴һ㣡
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һʹļ׵ӣĿֻһǾҪЩΪĹԱǫ̈̄  ⲻҲ磬Щ˻ʬλز͵Ļôùֺֹһأ  һתͷָָܰµ˭
гǳǹִӵĸӳܰ¡̵ܰߵߵ˹ȥ
ְͣȥ
ٺЩ˵гܶӳҲһΪ
һΪٺٺ㻹ǻ̻Ҹ㣬ӽ쿪ʼҲְͣԺˡ
̬쳣ļûκλתء
һֹܳǹܵ쵼ô˵ֱ²̨ҲǺܺġ
ǿӲȺڵУһӾͱøߴ
ʵΧ۵ôˣ˭֪ǰأֻǶΪٹ໤ʲôġ
ĵЩ߸ǵĿ  ̯ӣҵ
һҲ͵͵Ŀ˿ף׶΢΢ͷƺһ




426°н
 

һĿɿڴ  ٺɫѿ˼㣬ȴûκεİ취гô˵ˣô죿  ʵҲ飬һûеĻԷˣ
ʵ浽ô£ٺԼв  ܰһԸһͷˮĿгǳʲô磿
ôԼأǼģƽʱǶǹΪ
˵ʲôǹܹǹܱͳ˺ܶѹ
ȻֱӾͰߣˣܰкǲȴҵ˵  Ͼг쵼ҪǵﵽĻʱľͶ˷ˣ  ɲܰºٺ֪׷ˣǰģ  ΪģΪֺף
Ȼˣ֪϶µģϾεӦǲмΪЩԱġ
ղ˵Ǹʲô֤飬һͻƿڣ  ߣҹȥⶪ۵ˣٺ˵
ٺ˻ͷĿųӾ뿪µĵص㣡
һԵĸɫЩΣ֪Լһκܴľ  Ҳûκεİ취˭ű˸סأ
˿ҿСᡢСԣһǻǹϰɡ
ģܣҿҲЩ˷ܵĿŸ  Щ΢΢̾ϢղŵҲɼλӦҲ֪ǹó̳ÿҪǹֱܾģҪıΪѵĻһ㲻
ߣԺó̳ǵĻͲҪˣֻҪںΧ֮ڣ϶Ǵֵ֧ģ
глл
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׿˿ҿһ¡
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ļٵġ
ҿЩ鲻Խ˵˳һ˵Щˣ˼һгƭһëͷС  гҲҪô˵Ҳ֪ǸʲôİɣЦŵгǴģ
ЩֻӦ飬һֱҪһк
ʵյĿֻһǾ顣
ˣôҲð˵ǣ
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׳гԼŰɣҲ˵ˣҵĵ绰ȻһΣҲᾡһΣȻˣǰûΥҼ͵Ϊ
ллллʲôⷽĻҾϢҲһᣬֻԼ˲õ˰  ڼɷĻȻҲϢˣ  Ǻûа
׺˵֮ҿЦЦʵ
֡Ƕ֪ǸģҲ֪֪ɣҿƵ˵
һԵó̳ҷǲˣȻֳɵĹȥ
ȥҲȥҿ̵
׵ͷͨղ飬ҾǵƷзûκġɣҵһ˾ոճĿǰǰڵĳ׶ΣȻҲҪɿˡûȤ
ճǹȥʲôҿЩɵʵ
￴ҿճĹ˾Ŷأɵɵ
ֺǺǵ˵ģŮµġӦҲ߰Ĺ˰ɣ
Ұ꣬꣡ҿЦŵ
һǱʲô˶ûˣȥҪǽһƵĲƶȺƶȣһЩǰڵعнˮ
ĿǱ˰ﵹͦϸһˣ¹ġ
Цŵǣˣ
ǲǵȥйɣЩһԵҿҲǵǰܣǲȥаɣ
ֻҪãﲻһģЦʵ
ðɣֻҪнȥͲһ
׹һֵнʮ򣿣
ʮʮϣ룡ҧҧ
׹һֵҿûôģǼȻƸùȥĲܼܼ࣬Ǵûи򼶱һῪ𣿡
ۣ  ҿ˲סˣһԵĸڵ  нʲô
óŵܣнҲŰʮ򰡣ǼϷֺʲôģһҲͰҡ
Ҫ֪Ǹܰнô׬أ




427¸ܺúû
 

ܣ㲻ǸǿЦɣ
ŵһ£ϵһ㶼ˡ
н򣿾ȥҲȥ
ļҾȻҿҪһЩɱϾֻǺһЩѣ
ΪȱǮʱ򣬶ҲԼϰϰֲͬһŻ£  ҿнܹﵽʮĻôԼĸĸ¶˵ͬˣ  ֻҿнž򣬶ԼǮ  һӾ˵˰нȻǾÿЦˣ
ܣֲС㲻øǿЦɣ
ҿҲһɬ˵ֻ˵ʮҵĻܵ档
һۣǮʮǮпܵġ
һнԼ붼룡  ΢΢һЦ˵λ⹫˾ûпʼӪһӾ͸ôߵн㲻ǿЦ
ܣǴϰ壡
ЦŵгһǲӦˣ㶼֪ǸɶģͰҴ갡
ٺ١ҲڨЦһЩΡ
׿˿ԺܽҼµģнеʮģ
ǲС
ǲףֻǸо̫˼ˣ
Щ̫ԣ͸˿нһ׬Ǯ  Ϊ׬ǮķزҵΣܹнģҲܾĲǣ
ɵޱķǷÿ϶ܣ
һԱܹʮнҪ֪ʮн߶ܼ༶ϵˣ
ó̳ǣѾһ׬ǮĵλˣҲܿôߵĹʰɣ  ҿŸĻǶоԼƭˣ
õĸгߵĻǶȻˣ
׿˿ҿҲǿҵĻǾ͸ҸɣҵĻֻ˵ûԵˡ
仰˵ҿһľľһѵѡⰡ
Ǹƭô죿  ƭڵĹģѾôǿҪһгƭ  ҿЩԥʱ򣬸ЦŵҾ˿ȥԣ˵ʵʧ˱ƭΣ͵¸ڲˣ
Ҳ԰˵еһֵ
ҲЦŵȻˣǾͶˣɣҸһ绰ֱӴ绰ˣžˣ
׷˷ֻĵ绰Ż˼ĵ绰  һ۾ţȻˣҲΪվĽǶȱȽϵĺã
װѵ绰ͣһ˼˵ϵʱһ
Ϊ˼ʵ̫ϤˣȻˣҲϤ˼˼ʶģ
ױһ绰롣
绰ţ氡ǰ˰ҿ绰֮󣬸оʵǿһְ  üôôϤأ
ǺԼֻҲͨһ飬Ϊƺӡ  Ȼ벦ȥ֮澹ȻʾǻŷŻ˼⼸֣  ŷŵĲҵҲҵزҵ
Ϊʲôͻ˼ʶʵ˵Ҳˣóʱ򣬻ŷڹǽǣ
ֻʱΪǩ˺ͬԾûйȥ
ͻ˼ҲǴǸʱʶģϾ˼ʲôͨˣҲǼѣ
ٶĵ绰𾪵Ŀʵʶٶ
ѣ׼򵥵³ֵ
СᡢСԣǸܺúû죬ǵǰ;һƬ  û뵽ǰز©Ȼʶٶţ氡  ⻪ٶʲôۣҲ׸ˣ  ǺͻٶĻʲôɵıҪ  ٶһˣ˭ֻῴأ
ܣʲô˼
ҿŸҲһƣղŸǾ̾ӣ֪ʲô飡  Ҳһ˵СᰡܹͻٶΪѵˣӦö൱ʵġ
ٶ˭ҿʵ֪˼ѹҲûطȥ롣
￴ҿԣҲЩż˵˼ٶ
˼
һ֮ҿ׵ˣ˵⻪˼ھǩ
ǺϹϵģеĻɻϾͲǻˣ
ףڵľʵ̫ˣ  ᾹȻʵѾĪҿҪȻĻԼҪùˣ  ̳磡
˼ʶǿɶǽ˵˰
ˣһ̶ųݵĿ⿴ǰףǰصʵԴĦ




428Ī̵ͬѧ
 

״Ī̺лС뿪˹óƵ꣡
ջ¾ǺͶʹһʥŮȴ˹ʶͬʱҲһʹһθΪˡ
ԭҪ粼ֻ֣ʹһʱûȥǶѡ
Ҫ֪׻磬̫幬Ѿϲɣ׼ƻеĵһ
һײȺ͸ʹһʹһˣʡȥ˲ٵ飡
ִ磬ҪȻҴȥCξȥתһȦһǶһľ㶼ǿϧˣ
ĪЦŵʵԼûȥЩ㣬ҲԼСܹȥ
CУĪ̿ԼԼҲûЩطȥһƿһ
ʱ䣬Ҳ׺ԼСܹȥ档
ЦŵаģǶǺǣ
ţҪȻǾȥαʹһǵǶһαʹȻûоǵĹʹǰݻȴҲǱһζ
ĪЦЦ֮ǰڿαͼƬҲǿоǲġ
׵ͷ˿ųͳαʹ۶ȥ
αʹݣ
ǹAͬʱҲȫ֮һ
ռԼʮƽףȥҲ൱ͷ
ȻˣҪαʹĻʹһŹӵϢȴҲһ˿ִĸо  ³֮Ī̺лСεҲ쳣˷ܣĪóֻͣĸ׻ԼСա
ŮտȥĲỵ́նԣ׸оԼǰĪˡ
һʱ䣬״Ī̺лСαʹ˺ܾã
ִ磬ǰϷҮĪһ˷ܵ˵
׿˿ЦŵţӦȡİɣ
ҪȻȥǰǿӾ磬ûпϷءĪ̼˵
˶ĺҲǺģ  ʼ磬ȻûʲôȤɿĪһ˷ܵģҲ΢΢ͷţǾȥɣ
һǰһ԰ĸǰǱŲƬæ
Īߵ濴˿һŹװεŮӵʱһ󾪺
ţʶЩƵʵҲ˳Ī̵ķ˹ȥ
λŹװŮӿȥӦǺģҳҲΪ次
׶Ů˲ûʲôȤ  û뵽ǰĳͬѧھȻϷˡ
Īһ˷ܵ˵ԼҲû뵽ԼͬѧȻһƬ档
Ȼǿ֪ģ
ɣͬѧ⻹˰ҲЦҲû뵽Ī̾Ȼطǰĳͬѧ
ǸŮʱ԰Ǳߵһϣ˺˺ԼֵʱҲü
һŮӴſֳԼ˷ܵĻֵʱҲסˡ
ôˣ
ԱߣһһңʮӿЦʵ
ǸһϷĵСл巣
л֮ǰΪһװߺ죬ĵĵڶϷŮǵݴӾӰѧԺһŮӣ  лһʼһ˲һϷɵߵʱŮܻϲ
һȥĹлѾǰݵʯȹ֮£  Ȼ˲ûʽĶ̸Ƭ˻϶֪ˡ
Ǳ߾Ȼ˺֣֣˹ˣüͷ
л巹һֵǼⲿ绹ûвѾ˰Ѿз˿׷ˣ
һҲ¶һ˿Цݵĵ巸磬ͲҪЦˡڿһߵģˣֻܹĻ˰
İɣⲿĺܲĿǰڴ˷ǳĶࡣԴӸ֮ҷݼ൱Ĳʱ첻飡
лЦŵ˵Լĵġ
֮ǰǲ磬ȻһŮǺȴǸŮ˵ݼûڵء
ңڸѸٵ֮Ǿﶼˡ
ҪȻȥǸ˭һʶأоǸЩϤ
л巵ͷǰϼҲCеҪʲôɶģҲпܵİ
ŶǺǣ巸ǵҶء
ЦЦл˳Ī̵˵ķ˹ȥ
û뵽㾹ȻϷŶĪһˣЦŵ
Īʵ㡭ǣ
Ḭ̄ͬѧĪһ˷ܵ˵
Ị̄
Ժ˲һ˰Ļ棬̬һư




429Ů˴ʱ
 

㻹ǵҲͬѧû뵽ھȻ˴
Ī̿Ʋס˷ܣϾͬѧķʽ棬еر𣡣
λǣ
лվһҲЦʵΪĪ۾жϣŮӦһŮ
ֻӣûбֵôԣ  Ůˣǳǲģ˵ǳ˾
ϤŮˣԽԽãȻҪֱˡ
˳ˣΪ˹ҫ
л巵Ŀһֱ۽Ī̵ϣĵһ㿴Ů˵֮󣬿Ҫˣ
δֵôԣЩǵ˵巸磬λҵĳͬѧỊ̄һŮŶ
Ȼô˵ţеһĨȴ׿С
ЦһŮӦûΪĪ̵ûƺأʵҲ˵뷨
Īƺ˵ĻΪʲôҪſأ  ֻôҲû뵽ĪסԼΪ˲зѡ
ŶǺǣǺãл巣лΪŵ˵
ѸٵӣҲ˺ܶܶࡣ
һϷѾ׬˺üǧˣлôܹأ
ʶ㣬лҿĵӾءĪЦŵû뵽ھȻʹ̸
ʲôģ̣ҪȻ΢һ£ѳԶٷ΢΢һЦ
⡭ⲻ̫ðɣḬ̄ڰֵȻԳԷûʲôȤ
лһ̵ʲôòõģͬѧǾҵѣȻ˶ͬѧôҲ˼ҳԶٷɣԼ˸֣ʱ򻹻һЩġ
巸磬²̫ðɣͬѧôҲͣô˼Ʒأһ̵ȴЦ˻
л巻ǷǳģȻֱӵĪ̵˵ԼŮѡ
ʱĪ̿϶ǰͬѧ˵ģ뵽ǰͬѧıʱһĵ⡣
׿˿⼸˵ҿǻԼԷɣͲŸλˣ
˿ףȥûʲôڵĵطӵĸоԼˣ  ԼӢ˧𣬸һһĵǣ  ڿĪҵӣܲ
׵˧磬㲻ͬѧɶðɣôŮҴ˼𣿡
ʲôŮŮģҿڲĴŮء
ǰĻĪĻһֳ
ˣޱȵţ
ô˵Ҳܹޱȵͻһ˾ϵı仯
ֻо仯ˣ̬ܹı䣡
̣Ҵȥ棬㲻֪Ǽ巸ȦҲЩӰģ˵ⱲӶЩ߸ϵء
ȻȥΪĪ̿ǣⲻǳҫѡ
ϾĪ̵ͬѧǲϲҲס
Ī̲ԸȥĻȻǸ˵ġ
ҪĪҪͬѧɵĻҲνԷǳԷ  Ī̿˿һԥ׿ĪȥֲȥӣЦẉ̂Լ£ȥȥֲͣ
л巺ͬʱ˿ףһﵽжôĲҪ  Ȼֻ˵óڣ
ֲͣ˵ֻʱл巵Ѿǰ׶ΪûϢˣ  ΢΢̧ͷ˿ףֳıһ࣡
һԵл巸ǸоԼһˣڵͷǳĸߣоԼһ˸ǰǶǱӵġ
˷ܵĻһ㣬ǾͬѧΪĲ
ҲڴŮ˽⿪ֵʱ򣬵ǳʲôӣ  Ī̿˿ףЩ̫˼ʵִ磬ҸҲûмˣҪȻȥԶٷ
ЦŵҲҪԷ֪ʲôطȥ
Ī̿˿Աߵлһ⼸˴ӦˣҲЦŵCйóƵ꣡
ǹóһ̾CпȥóǸ˰
ĪЦŵóƵʶİɣCõǼƵ꣬ó̳һҵģڹó̳ǵԱߡ
ţ֪ʲôطءĪЦЦ
óҪ㶼֪ĻҶ֪ô˵ˣǺǣ
΢΢ĵĿ˿ף˸оЩˬԲȾȻܹ˵ˣˣ
ڻ·ߣӣһǳһߣл΢΢һЦ
׵Ȼг
г
Ȼû뵽ĪҸ˾ȻгɫҲһ䣡




430ҫŵı
 

Ҳг
һԵлҲǲĿ˿ͬʱʵ
׿˰лû˵ͷи𣿡
ûûУҾʣǺǡ
лԭ׼һԼĳڿûлˣĵЩСʧ
һһгҲǲ  Щл巣ҲǼʶ˲ٵ棬һѧԼҲûг
ⲿ˵ĻԺ򳵻ɵ  Ȼˣûгûйϵлгˣ  л巵ĳҲʶˣ׿˹570
ԭΪûжǮΪӡУЩܳĻֻб۱ĳܹ֮Ϊ
ڸл֮󣬽Ҳ֪ˣļֵ  ˵л巵׿˹570·Ҫ170
֮ǰлԼ۸ʱ򣬵ʱܸӵ˵50򣬽Ц˰졣
ƲƲгǾͲ˰ɣʮ֮ھͣô
ǳƺɶĪ²ʶʵ
л己һƺţȻЦŵʱ
Ī̺״лСγžſ˹ȥл巻һۣȻȥ·ˡ
ͣ
Ī̿Цŵִ磬֪㲻̫ϲĳϣ벻Ӧģɡ
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лЦһԲλ˹ҲΪ˼ģҪȻȳ԰ɣȲν
ͳԷµľǵˣ쵼ЩС䣡  л巿λˣһһǴϰ壬һ֪ݣ
һǸͬѧ˿¶Ҫ°ͣ
ҳС㣬ǸͬѧǸʲôİ
ǸʲôģҲһѧѣ֪Ī̵ĳɼǺܲģȻЩˡ
һѧҿҪȻǱ߳Աߵȣⶼһ˰
ҳȻ֪ݣɿӶҲûκεƢ  ԼĵӾҪʽӳǾ͵þĻУʱ˼ҪΪʵ̫ˣ
˵ͷܵ˭ҲܵﵱٵģҪȻǾٲά衢粽У  óƵ¥棬ԭ׺ĪѾҪˡ
ȴ˽ӽǣŵ  ô⣿ԶԶĿ׺Ị̄Ҳǰֵ
׿˿Цŵ˵ǣ߳Է֣߾Щ˰
ҲεʼӴҪӴһš̸ҲûʲôϷ
Ǻǣһ̸ͳɹĸҵŰЦʵ
ǸǿĴҵDμ˵ûУ΢΢һЦȻμſǻеҵҵ
μţ׺Ȼ뵽һˣ-󣡣
һﲻʲôμŴ绰ʣϾ˼ҽҲǰ




432һ仰
 

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ЩŵĿףȻμԼڻǺܳġ
Ҳ֪֮ҵһҷǳţҵġ
ҵǳĵ͵һ˸û˵ҵ
׻ƣ˺ܶ˶֪ҵĴڡ
һ˼׻гģ
׿ŽЦŵμҲû˵ʶһѣͲ֪û˵ҵˣ
˵ҲûʲôϾǿҵʵҵ뷨ù֪Ļеҵҵıһǹ״
̾һΪ֮ǰ׵飬صȥһµڶе
ȻҲڸĸɻǸҪӣԱ֮⣬ûκεĳЧ
Cǹҵ򣬽Ȼϣʹ
ΪһʡǣȻҲǼ縺ʹ  ׿ŽӵѺҲDġ
΢΢һЦеϣǱûϣҪǾ鷳ˣ
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ײͨһĺ룬˿̵ĸһھƵء
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ҲɵӣСֱһ͵˹óƵĵ¶㣡  ϾǽӽʹʵٶȻǷǳģһʵ߲ǺԶ
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˿׵μ˭
μŵαܲá
֪׸ֱ֪˵
һûбκεϣȻװԼν˺˹
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һ˵һ׻ĸ˶Ǳߣ  һ仰飿̫˼ˣ  μŵͶҲۺϿİɣ
ղڻ̸ʱ򣬽ѾμǱߵ˵ˣJLʡĿǰۺϾֻܹǿĵصеĵλ
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ҪĻ˼Ϊʲôѡһѡߵڶѡأ  ӿŸ󾪺ղ˵ʲô
ڴҽȥɡ
ֵ˵Ȼûа鵱һ¡
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ʵҲ֪Ȼ˵˴ƱСӿ϶еġ
ҪȻĻһԼĸǰºڣ
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ΪĹܹۣ֮仰˵ǾǸﰡ
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˿ȥûκεĵߣһܴˣԸ˵ôļ򵥣
Ŀ˿޵СӲǰ;
ллĿޡҲһֻҪ︥ôУ
Ŀ׻Ҳģֻܹ󻯶ѣ  ˣ  һμŵҲˣ
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ƴҲ֪еԵˣ
˵עһ£޾ȻҪȳԹʽǩԼýϲ⣡
ԭΪܵ飬ھȻյ벻Ч΢΢һ̾Ǹ˰




434¶ӵĹ
 

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ӵЩ̫˼ˣȻ˿ԼʱҲͦ˵ģԼûжĹϵ
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ʣµл巺ҳ׵λãȻˣλõ׺Ī̻лСΣ
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һԵٶе˵ʵǴſ֣Ī̿ȥҲǼΪˣ  һֶδ֪Ļ룬ܶ˿Ī̵ʱȻҲǳĻġ
ȴһһ̰Ҫǲ¶ĻǾ͡
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Ī΢΢ҡͷˣҲǳ԰ɣ
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һС㣬λҪǲӵĻҶӿɾͲˣ
ʮ㣡  һһԵлҲһ  ҪǶĻ˵Լˣʱһп¶첻ȥˡ
׸㵽һŮǣɱӾ绹ûӳͱɱˣǱˣ  һߣ̵Ị̄ϽѿժˣϱҪŵİɣ
ܳ󣿣
ٶȻţôõôܳأͿĪһ˫ˮĴ۾Ҳܳİ  ǰͬѧһúܵθڣҪȻҲڴſ̵ְĳŶ˵
ҲţӳٳҲÿ
̣ѿժ˰ɣҲҪԷġһԻ˵




435治Ҫ
 

һƺŮ˵ϣ̿ʱһ˷ܣȫΪ̵ͬѧ
ͬѧ꣬ܶʱģ
ĪǺѵĻȦչ˵ҲøһЩչˡ
ʻģϾʶ൱Ķġ
Ůһٶ䳰ȷỊ̄׷ǳķŭ  Ī̲ժֵԭȻ֪£ҲΪԼòñ˸棡
ѡ˲ԷҲ뷢ʲô飬Ǹˣ  ֻŮʵ̫ˣȻҪ£Ѳ׻²ɣ
һֱû˵ףһǿˣ  һ׵ĻҲ¶һ˿ЦݵĪС㻹һص˰
Ŷӵ֪Īǰ
׼˵ʱȻֹ  Ϊժ¿ֵỊ̄˿ĿѾǾ۽Īž׵֮ˣ
ܣԲܡ
һḬ̄ժ֮˶оҪˣ  ⻹ʶĪһСѼôͻȻͱɰأ  ˵ǰ׷ĶĻôһ̿ʼ¾Ҫߵˣ  Ů
ӿʮ֮һڱĳһ仰
һԵٶҲʿˮֱֹ͸߳һӰ
ҳҲ̾һҪĪС㵱ŮǵĻұ̴֤
ĪС㣬ûȤһѣ
ٶ˿̵۹νǳ֣һֵ˦һǧ˯Ůһĳ嶯
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Ī̻ؾǽһɴ࣬ΪԼҲûȤ
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Ȼ˵ĻҾǵһĪ˵Ҳ൱иԣ
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ȻһиǧǮɸܿļ۸ȣǼԺԲˣ  רҵû뵽ȻỊܹ̄ܣ
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л巻ûü˵Ѿվ˿ӵ֪֪ʲôɫͷһѵ
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ӻ֪ԼѾǰֻ̤ײˣȻôţ
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ҲʵܲڸһʱֱҵǮҲˣ  ٶ˵껰֮ʣѾǳߵ˶Ӻٶĸǰ
žžžž  һļǴӣͬʱɣ
治Ҫ
ΪʡĻĸȻ˵㣬֪ƽʱʲôˡ
˿ڿӺٶһ ѾǿѪ  㡭ǺôĵӣȻҴ
л巺׵Ƹסˣ˿̿ȴȴš
ʱ򣬸űƿˣ




436˫
 

Ị̄һˣǶҴ򣡣
Ī˶סĲţû뵽Ī̵ѵӾȻôĴ
ʵ˵Ҳ˴쵼ʹݣ
ԭл巵Ĺϵ϶ߣһߵĻʱ¾˳µˣ  һǮˣ㿪۸Ī̶ܹ800ۡ
Լܹ׬800ټһĻĻôܷأ  һĻˣĻôܹлأ
˵лҲЩ򵥵ˣ񿴵ˣԼѾЩɵĸоˡ
Ϊ״˶Ӻٶˣʱһ֮Ļʿ¾Ҫ㵽ͷˡ
ʱл巺Ȼ׺Ī뿪ˣ  ʱ򣬾ȻŽˣ
ӺǳĲ֮ǰһĻ֮ڵĽӳ׵ķſˣ  Ȼô򵥵һȴһæ  Ӵ뵽طʵȻǳķḻԵطӵƣҪһȱڣ  طϵЩ쵼ɲŵǳأټϽʱȽϵĶ࣬黹ǳܶġ
һĿ˵ƾͻ츲صı仯
˭ϣһ쵼쵼ǣ֮ܶǰһֱڹһĿ͵ĻJLʡǽõġ
һ£μǿҵǺˣĺԶ
ʮͶ룬ʱĸҵ;ҵǴӣJLʡGDPҲһ൱ƶ
ʱлףʵǸ׵ӣġ
ô£
һȴڶִˣȻҲʶ
ӣĻ  ֮ǰĻеʱҲǼģȥͦʵڵһˡ
û뵽һﾹȻһԷҾȻ׸ˣ
ȻҲʶӵģŶӵҲǼæ⵽ô°
һǺŸƱˣҲһϵʹѾһɶˣ  Ž̺޵ǰ⡭СӲ֪ðģȻڴҺһλͶ̡
Ͷ̣ôأҡҡͷ
ٶһӣҲһΪҵңҪʡһֶʶĻʮڵϰͰˣ
ٶ̵ǣֱǸåǿŮѳĲ׼ŮѲǵĵӾ磬Ůǣǿ800Ƭ꣬û˵
žžžž  ٶҪ׼ͣһĸӣѪſˮӣŵ˵ġ
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ٶʹıԼͣû뵽Сӵʡίǵ澹ȻҶֱ֣û˰
ղŵ鼴˵ͶӶǾͶˣ
˵ˣͥ˵ֻһҲǲŵģʱҪ˵Ļֱ˵Ƿ̰ˣ
һе˵ǣٶͶӶѾղˣֻϧǧû㵽һ㣬Ǿ׺ͽӵĹϵ  ⡭ǡ
Ҳûа취˵ʲôˣΪ֮ǰѾ˽ǺĹϵˡ
˵ˣΪJLʡոôĹףһֻܹǵ̬ˣ  ӿ˿׵ôˣ
ߣҶ֪ôĸٵĶģֱ˵磡Ȼ֮ͥ¶˵һЩݵĻǾԣҲ÷ϰɣ治֪ôϸɲġ
ʵЦɲ˼˵ӣ
ΪӵĻ϶Ҳһ
ǣɱСӺ߰ҡôܡ
һףŵøϽ  ˣҲ飬ҺúõĲ飡ϵͼ첿ŵͬ־˫һֱǰеİ࣡
ӵɫĿ£  ΪһʡǣŭһԵֲѣ  ˼һֱǣһȴһֱ˼鷳
ȻҴŮ˵˼ֱ޿ˡ
¡  ˲оԴһըһ̱˵ϣղŻ޵˿һӷ·ʮꡣ
һԵٶŵôҴںǳķ⣬֪һ˽ǣͲԶˣ
л巺ԭ죬ɿӺٶǲΡΡӣ֪һοߵˡ
ҳл˿ζû뵽ĳͬѧȻʶJLʡһǣҪ֪Ļǰͽᶼأ




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ͨǵĸٹ·ϣ  ׵ĳĪ̳žǵķ򼲳۶ȥ
ʱĪ̸о൱ĿĵģװԼ֮⣬ҲԼİСܾܺá
ƺļ֮Уôĵʱ̻Ƿǳǳ١
Ī̼ҵ·ҲѾʼװˣһֽѵĸо
ΪԼʵѹ̫̫ˣ
׿ĪܺãҲЦԭӵ˼ĵ绰ҪȥǱһš
ɺûȥһﾹȻ绰˵ȥƤƤ
Сһ׶αϰֱڹ˾ѧϰӪҲǿ﷦ζúܡ
׿СѧϰѧϰҲǺ£ʹŹȻӶˣ
ǰ׽ӵϵĵ绰˵ھǾٰʮĳ񣡣  һƣ
ʮʲô񣿰һ㲻ʮ
ڽ;Ƕסһ֪ģһȥҲҪϽ̫幬ҲʹӦ
ʵײ֪ǣνĺȦУյȷһ˲һ  ЩŮˣΪ˰ԼװĸǶѳĳ˶ʮ꣡
ͷʮʵ̫С̫СˣʮƺΪ˵ı־
ȻˣʮͶʮҲչģ  ˵ӦþЩνĺΪ֮ϵԼͷѣ
ԭ׻ƵĽֻдں֮ģ˽ڰʲô֮ǰûĽһİɣ  þĳʱ䣬׼Īȥ̫幬ϤϤ  һ·ڸٹ·֮ϡ
ų׳һԵĪЦЦ̣и˵һ¡
ʲôִ磡Ī쳣ĺá
ԥһ£Ȼʵ̣֪㻹ǲǵ֮ǰһҸմˣ
Īһô˵һˣ֮ǰһ׵ȷһ㶼ûſھͰԼʱš
оƵǣһγԼ֮⣬һķӦûС
Ī̺ɵĿ˿˵ִ磬һεԭҲҪţɿû˵ҡҾûʣ
ĻڵĪ̻벻
ôһ֮Īһ
֪ʱΪʲô׻úõأ
׿ĪЩɻҲЦʵ̣㵱ʱͲ𣿡
ִ磬ʵһֱúִ֣ܵʱҶܵĳһ㣬ĵȷȷһˣѪ⣬ҽ书
Ī̲һעع۲ˣֻЩʱЩ޷Ľ͡
һȻʵ統лһ𣿡
һ磿
Īɫ䣬оԼЩܽ˵Ļ֪ôӲ硣
ʼ֪ܾȣһʷɣɴ𣿡
ǡôأҪɵĻǡĪһ
΢΢һЦ̣ʵôһȺˣһ棬ųݵܣȻ֮ܳΪɣȴһֱΪĿŬ
ִ磬㲻˵ɰɣҲ̫̫˼˰ɣ
Īĸо̫ʵˣͻȻ˵ֻҲǲò˼ˡ
ЦŵҲеһԱɣѵͲ뿴һ𣿣
ִ磬㡭ɱҰĪһŵĿףԭɵһɨգȡ֮һ𾪣
ЦЦδ֨һƫƧĵط  Ī̿쳣ľٶСֱͨͨ
ȴܵײȥûоЩһôҲܽܵˣ  ̣ԭЩȵڸģҸıˡЦŵ
Ī̿׵ӣҲСʵִ磬㡭ΪʲôҪЩ
׿˿Ī̵ʵҵһۿʱҾ֪ôˡ
ҵĪ̿׺ʵ
Цẉ̂㲻Ҫţʶ֮ͻᷢһʵûеô£ȫΪʵԭô˵ɣʼɽ磬ҲǼΪģ
ɽ磿ΪĪ̱׵Ļ  ǺǣЩȵڸͣҪҪһհĸоĪ̵СЦŵ
ҡҲ𣿡
˿̵ĪѾķˣȻܹʵΪ˵ĻܵЩš
ಣ
Ī֮ʣĶһХʧԭأ
Īһ۵ʱһûιȥΪʱѾǵ棬ǲƯŵƲʣ




438㻹һţ
 

̫幬
ľ̫幬ѾյǶˣԴ׳Ϊ˾̫幬֮ŵһƬٵľ
ţҼʵֻн٣ҩɶĹ
˵ڵľ̫幬ȫһ󷢲ƵĽ׶Σ  Ī̸о˼ӵʱ䣬ѾͣһƬ֮С
˰
Ī̵СҵţôҲû뵽Լһ쾹Ȼܹ衣
оôǲǺˬ׹һֵߵ֮һԺΪߵĻͻ֪ˣ
ִ磬ҲܳΪ𣿡
Ī̵ɴ۾ףԭֻΪ׸Ϊģû뵽׾Ȼ˵ԼҲܹΪˡ
ȻԣΪеٮٮߣһΪˣЦŵ
Ÿоһ㡭Ī̾̾˵
˭ܹ֪أЦŵȻָָǰڵžǰ桭
ǰ棿ǰɭֲǴɽѲǴɽĺ棿
ĪڵעѾӽܲʵеڴˡ
˵ʵһĻȻẦ£ɸĿ¾˷ˡ
ΪǸɴϹϵģٲܹʲôطȥأ  Ȼ֮֮
Īִ֪ȻԼ˵ˣӦȫ׼ŻԼ˵ġ
ҪĿ¾ǽʵ
΢΢һЦֻĻ˻֣˿Ī̵ǰһʱ֮һĴţ  ͨҾ̫幬ڵص֮һ
ЦŵľѾǾһԵỊ̄оѾǿѧܹ͵ˡ
ֲ֮ǰִô˼ɰ  ںܶԭЩ벻ͨ飬˲ƺЩͨˣ  ˳ž̫幬һ룬ԭѾʧԭء
ĺ氡⡭ⲻνĶԪռأĪ̾ȵʵ
ĴָǺǿģʵһֿռ䷨ҲΪԪռ䣬˵λƽеġ
д˵еĶԪռ䰡ҪִҵĻȻҶιȥ
Ī˵Լǰһʵ  ״Īֱ̳룬ЩνѾϤĲϤˣ̫幬ûκε谭  ̫幬´
׽뵽ڵʱȻյѾ˾̫幬  ʵ֮ǰ׵ôʯžβһ嵽̫幬
ֻû뵽ĶȻôĿ죡
ϣĻҪһЩʱղܹʲôʱһ治֪
ξ̫幬ϣЩƵĿǰʵǿ죡
ΪʶԼĻܷϼһ  Ҳ֪ôϺ;βһˣ  쿴ϣָҪȻɣҴȰһǳŻƲɣ
ϣҲͱΪˣ˵ʵֻܵ˻ϣЩε˵
쿴ϣһƵôҲǸô鶼ҿɸ㣬βһǿıŮˣҪǵķˣ֪ġ
ɶŮˣļٵİɱ氡ϣһ
ԭû˵Ȼˣ  棿ϣЩԥ˵
ϣ
״ĪһѾǽ´ղҲ΢һ¡
֮ǰߵʱ򣬾βûἰΪҲû뵽ôĿ죡
ˡ
ϣһ׵ĵǿ˾һӭȥ
쿴˿ЦŵˣҲø˵ɣ
ǺǣָԺҲҾ̫幬ĸˡβһ壬ǸҪ֪𣿡׳ϣ΢΢һЦ
ǣ仰Ҳͷˣϣһ
ǽһ£Ị̄ҵŮˣ׵֮󣬵Ϊķŵÿ
ʣ
ϣûע⵽Ī̵ʱһԵѾ𾪵ĿĪ̡
ⴿʵǷǳĺǿǿİ
սӴ磬ʲôҲɱ׿Īһ㶼֨ҲЦŵ
ˣ⡭ⴿʴҹİֱǹ屦
һĿףƺʲô˼һ㣡  Цŵ˵̣λϣλϣָ
ϡָĪҲ֪ô죬ֻܳЦЦȻһ  ҵҵ츳ʵ֮Ұˣղ˵Ǳ߻һλˡϣƨһ˵
ִ磬㡭㻹һţĪ̵ɴ۾ף׺ݺݵĵһϣȻǡǸ̰ĹأϣҪȻ̽ͽͣȥǡ
˵ֱ꣬һ̵ʧ˵ĸǰ




439Ī̵̬
 

ڶһ磡  һҹϵĽ⣬Ī̶Ѿһ൱˽ˡ
Ȼˣ׻׻̵֮ĪѾĺܶ಻ĵĹء
һޣҲһ˿ӵж¡
Ī̱µҲһܹΪˡ
˵׷ΪһЩϵĸıģĪ̾ˣ  ʣϵĽ£Ҳǽˣ  ԭΪʲô£Ϊڵĺأ  ׳ĻĪ⺮Ȼʮ꣡
˵׾Ī̵ľˡ
һ϶ǸһСһ֮Ҳ쳣˷ܡ
ҪԵģѾ˱Ī׼ˣ
ȻˣǾԲܵģϾ֮ˣ˼ѾǸٹˡ
´  ЩεվŮ˵м䣬ȻϸĪѾ˽ĻſĪһܹʵ
Ī̿ףƺЩֹ
һԵտĪ̵һľλðɣ
㡭գ
ĪҲϽյ飬û뵽ִҲҲһλ֡
Ѿ˵˰ã㳤ĿƯЦе˵
ĪʵյʱҲǾΪˣ
˵ʵԭΪԼòѾΪˣյʱҲǻһ£  Ī̵ս㳤ĲǣҪ˵ĻҲᶯĵأ
ãִѾ鶼˵ˣԺǿɾǺýŶЦŵ
ˣ
ĪȻʵɱϾܹôһһƽˣЩǿ˵
̣ҲǲƭһЦĪ̲ûҲһ
ʵĪ̶׳ϲ֮⣬ʣµľǸжˣ  һ磬׵ĳǼһ֣  ִ磬ǡԺǲҪط˰Ī̿˿ʵ
ʵҰһԭ⡣ϸ˵˰ɣ׿˿Īʵ
һԵһε˵ã츳ԿŽǰλˡҶĽĽ
սͲҪڳЦˣŶûأĪʼȻܶ˶˵츳ʲôġ
ԼȴһĵûУ  ׵赼ĻʱԽԽأ㾭ҾǱѾ˵ˣһʱ͸ˣ
ѧУǱô죿ĪʱȻѧУʱ˸оЩ  ׹һֵǱͲҪڿˣΨһʵӦҲ˵һЩɣ
Ī̵ͷȷϸԼ˵˺ܶܶ࣬Σգ
ûʵĻʱֻܹΪ׵׸
ʵǿһĳ̶ȵĻȴ԰׽ܶ鷳
ɲ뵱һƿҪúõ
ֻϾյط׽绹кܶŲ£Ϊĵĵط
ѲԼĸĸԼСܾͲҪ  Ī̿˿ԥһµѧУǱҿԲܣɡҰǡ
ͷĺˣһľ֮һ취ǽӹġ׳
Ī̵ĸĸʱԼŮ˺ǵļȻҲҪӹġ
Լļڣֻʱûгѣ
Ҿͷˣִ磬һúģİɣ
Īû뵽ԼȻĹյ㣬֪Ȼװһ磬Բ˳ġ
ΪߣǵĻǵʱ׵ĺ
Ȼˣһػ˵ٳĪ¶ģ  ǾϿеഺפ
ֻҪǸŮˣ˭Ҫഺפ׽ȴ˴ڣ  Ȼɽ磬Ѿ˵ˣҪഺפǳףǾǲϵԼʵ  ֻҪԼʵһľ֮ǵʱʲôഺפɶǶ£
ĪţΪԼҲƴһѰ
ഺפĻ൱жˣ  Ī̵ˣ˵ҪеҪ򵥵Ķ࣬ΪĪ̳׵ԭ
ô˵׵һ˼Ƿˣ  ֻҪ˵һԺͺðˣϾ¿ͷ
ײδھ̫幬̫ͣãϾȥμĳ
ϵ˽һЩ֮Ҳ뿪˾̫幬ǰ˾ǣ




440¿Ƶ
 

Ƶ꣡
ǼľƵǰŴֵԱߣί
סĵط߲ǺԶΪϲĳײûǰϵļȥ
׵ҲЩ֣ϲһֱڽĺúõģôܵأ  ҪٰĻҲӦڽɣ  ȻЩ棬׾˼Ұ˼ҵķ񣬲ܾǻǽǾνġ
Ƶ궨˸䣬Ҫפʱȴһˣ
񣬱صίǡ
ôأѲѾǮز  һ˾ǶסǼľƵꣿ
׵ɫЩÿȻıطչ൱Ĳ̶ݱĽš
ôҲܹɣÿɲĻϰ˰׬ǮΪѵΣ
׿귿֮δȥҪ񵽵Ҫʲô  ʵϣѾʮˣQΪغ÷ĳ֮һʵкôҲл
ΪQһأһͷ  صĲҵǷǳĲˣͨѹǾʹˣ  ŲΪ׹ҵû  ڱصĲûǮûǮô죿ֻܹϼ֧֣  ȥʡ˺üΣʡ̬ҲܼҪֿ֧԰ȥίҪ
ǣ˵ίŴһҪطԷ
ǵԱߣС׵Ҳʶġ
ȥСҲһ֮ɫƺкܶ춼ûкˡ
˵С⼸˶ٵԩ·ˣȷŴһС
ǣҲйϵߺŲ֪ôϢİСæ
ҿɸ˵ǱܷܲչͿ·˰
Сͷڵ·ǹãһγɹģĻ·¾Ͳˣ
Ҳûа취ʡʱҲûⷽĹ滮ֻпԼ˰
Ƹг˵һҲҪ𣿡С
ţھͿƸгܲ취˰̾һ
ٹ·ʡ˵һܹǱذǵ˵Щţ˵ܵǸױƷ˾±˶Ű
С̵Ҳǡ
̾һܵģƷû֮ǰ˭ܹأϻжǮ
СʼǣǮǻв٣֮ǰһֱҪЩǳԷ˼һֱᰡ
׸׼ǰкȻֿһˣ
ƹQеĳгҲ׵ˡ
û뵽Ƶ꣬Ȼһ˼ˡ
ղ΢һС죬ʵҲ˸š
һιӦΪ˱طչ飬ԼǴˡ
ƹ˽վŻƹĸǰ˹ȥ
гǰ˰
ﻹаǵӰӣ˵ò㣬ڵӿȥر㲣  ǣˣƹͺ֣Ȼ˵ھǰˣûнչ
гһչûаίү̫ţˣЩ߿˵
ǲ֪ԼĹжС仰˵һ㶼
һССĴҲ͸Լһߣ˼ҿԼ濴һԱһ
ָоʵ̫ˣûа취˭˼Ȩأ  ԼҪǱҪͨίУ  ˵ⷢίеСԺ˼ûô  ƹ̾һҲΪˣΪ˱صķչʱӦǳ˲ٵĿͷɣ
ֻҪܹĿҾǳٶĿ࣬ҲӦõİЦһ
ƹ΢΢һЦǵĳԿྫһǿ϶ģǰҿɲһˣ˵һǣгǵҲ͸Ƴ࣬ϰˡ
ȻƹЦ˵ģɴѾóкܶεģ
ɣղС˵һᷢίŴҪƵԷⲻһ͹ˡ
ϳƲҵЩû
ϢҪܹĶŴĻôϣ˰ƹɣҲǵȵȣ
гûˣŻƹЦʵ
ƹû˵ĸҪĸ鲻Ҫ֪ˣ̫ˣǿϣ
лгߣе˲ٰŻƹĵǿһЩЦݡ
˵죬ҲǳǱ˹ȥ




441ССק
 

׽סȫһɺϣҪ˵ĳƵеĻҲסط
ֻû뵽߾ȻһˣҲЦӭȥ  гǣþò
׵ͻȻֵ˻ƹһ׵ӰʱҲЦ
ܰû뵽ط㰡ƹǰֵ
һԵҲǽŸȻܣôأ
һѵգǰһˣЦŵ
ֲأǻԵְƹЦЦҸǹȥҪȻһ۾ۣ
̵г粻ǻҪ
ŴԷܲμӦҲ°ɣƹ
г˵ǡ
ҲεЦЦļʵһгԷҲǴ´ˣοһأ
ֻЩ죬˵ʵЩ尾
ⷢί쵼оʡ쵼һ㣬Щʱоʡ쵼ҪѼ
гôúõ𵽾˳ԷˣЦʵ
ƹ̾һԼˣҲͲˣһҪΪ˱ص顭
ƹ䣬ѾǰԼһ̳ӿˮˣ  ˵֮ܣ˵˵ⶼʲô°ǰ˼˵ѽһţڵ˾Ҳİ
ǣǿҲŰǺǣװ뿪Ц˵ҲõģҸ취
һ˵𷢸ί׵һʱ뵽һˣǾǺϵĴӺ裡  ֮ǰϽܹòĲ  ȻͷίһţӦܹҵһЩ˵İɣ  а취ƹһ˵⻰Ҳϴһ˿ϣʵ
ҲܴƱϾʶǲģǷίģʼ
˶ð죬˶ð찡ƹЦйϵǱûйϵҪǿɣ  Ŵˣ
׺ͻƹʱ򣬾Ϳſһӽˡ
еļΧмһʮµӣȥӼΪ׷
мǸŴС
ƹ˿Ǽ˵ԱߵǼǲʶ
˿ǡǲǸWеĳгѩô
ƹѩСӿǸҳ̨Ϸ˰
֮ǰС˵ֵܳоٹ·ΪĿǰ滮ûгԴҶϣWа
һѩ¾ȻѾŴȥˣɫһ±ѿ
ѩһͺð죡
ƹͦģֱӳѩµ˹ȥ
ѩһΪSʡΨһһٹ·ҲƴˣŴϼҾWеģ˲֪ǵһ
һԹһŴƽʱҪõݹ뵽λŴ
ֻû뵽˷ſˣȻQеľ֣  ŻƹԼķ˹ѩ¼ɱ»Ҫġ
ΪƹҪѩ¸߳뼶Ժһ˼ʡ쵼ˣԼô죿  һߣպ  гô˰ѩ¿ŻƹЦӭȥ̬˵ͦĵġ
ѩڹٳ֮ô꣬˵˻ı£  ƹ˿ѩ΢΢һЦǸгһҲҪŴٷģû뵽ôɰҪȻһԶٷ
ǣŴɫÿʵһʲôԭˡ
Ҫʵ̫ˣһԷȻһҼٿǮķݡ
Ի˵ɫ  ھǴôʱ䣬׻쵽λãӿɱʲôҪ
ЩطԱԷǾǼƵ꣬ٿǮһܿϣ  ֱЦ  Դһ֮λŴѾǰǸʲôظPASSˣڼԼϼҲһεľ֮УȻǸӵWˣ
ŴQггƹƹֵ
Ƹг
Ȼ˵žжƺһ㶼ûػƹ˼  ֪ŴûʱأŴԸƹЦŵ
ûʱ䣡ŴƲһۻƹƺ̫ˣһ쵼Σأ
쵼ΣŴҰɣ
ƹҲЩԼôĵûһﾹȻԼ
ߣгôҲǴ֮ˣǺոյΡ
Ŵ˵ֱ꣬˦Ÿ첲ͽƵ棬ڴƹ




442º
 

ʲô⣡
˦ŴӾˣҲǶݺݵ˵
˵һʵ̫ˣ˰  һССĴɲȻڻƸгɲǰף⻹  ⷢίһСЩʱ򼴱ǸʡˣҲܹףοƹһгأ  ǳɵһŵĻëѣһȨƵ쵼̾ǹ͹һĹˣ
ƹɫҲ൱ѿϾ׻ߣⲻ˼ܿЦ  ԼôҲһгɣ  û뵽ȻھǱһССĴ˵ĵ裬Ǻεȵѿ
ģ޲ȥͳ
СҲǵ͵SʡӣһƢȥҲǲС
ˣ˾ԣҲûа취˭ǵоȨأƹЩԳ˵ⷢί쵼ˣզ֪أ
СҰҰ˵ˣͷǳĴ󡣡
˭Щ˼ϵЩҴ£  ԸܹŴԸɲɣԼϣˡ
ԶٷеϣĲǣҪ벻һǼֱһϣûУ
ƹҲǿСȻҲ֪
С˿ƹҲ˵һ£Ҳûüȥ鵽˭ֻ֪Ǹ֮ǰǲĲ
鲿ƹʵ
ʵϣ벿ίļɲֶ֪ġ
ղһŴ˵ʲôεʱԺҲһ£ðô֣
ֻǿ϶ԼĲ²ѣ
Сһֵʱ̵ԶԶԣǽ裡Ҫܹʶͺˣ
һҲһһ㶵ģЩϢ˵˵ǲ֪ܵġ
Ҳû뵽龹Ȼɺϵһزֱ˯ͷ
ȻͺĹϵڼһ棬ֻ֪ҪԼĻǻԼӵģ
ⷢί߾һԶѰ˼ܲܰѺء
ⲻǷϻҪʶεĻǻÿǼһɫҾѻ𣡣һԵҵʱÿ
ƹҲĲУһõɲһССĴɲ䣬˭Ҳˣ  ƹǷǳĺƢˣһ̵ֱڲŷ𣡣  ЦŵгҿûҪˣЩʱ˭˭ӮЩС˵в𣿡
ܣҾûղǳСӵ𣿲֪ĻΪҵ˾أ
ƹĹĵ˵ԼԼѵ汻䣬ָоȷ൱⡣
ԼʵļûԼߣԼȴһһİ취ûУ
ܣҪ㲻ĻһԸҲǲ
һԷһϣûˣȻûϣĻʰʰأ
ʵҲ˼׼ˣŴôڵ죡
ŴһӶĻͲźˣ
˼ҲԼӣ˵ǲԼκεĻ  ΪصǣͷϻôĹҪġ
ҪΪһٹ·ܵأ  ǰܣȻղźǸƵʵ̫ˡҪȻפȥƹЦʵ
Ƶһ˵һ峯һ  ȻõҲԼǮǮǶоǳۣ
İĻҧҧҲͦȥˣ
ڿһϣûˡ
гǣʱΪǱصķչҲǲģصһԸҲӦõģҿǾͱʲôפˣƵ˵
׿ŻƹЦŵɲںһٷǮ
ƹ񼸺ͬʱڰֵܣ̫Ʒˣ̫Ʒˣôܹأ
гǣҪڸôĻҿɾ˰ԺҵĹ˾ڱػλ쵼أҲǰ¸һλ쵼
˵ЦŵҲ˷ǳ
Ǽǲ̫˷˰ƹЩ۵Ŀʵ
һһô绰ûпգҪпյĻһЦŵ
ܸղ˵λѣƹЦʵ
ţҴ绰С鷳ȴгȥҴ绰
˵꣬׳ſ˹ȥ  PS·ֳΣ6ǵһΣڶӦ4㵽5֮䣬վҪ󣬸λ磡ڶ20£ллλֵܽõ֧񰮣ɢİл




443½Ϻ
 

ίΰ칫ң  ǵһʽϰ࣬ʱ֯һᣬԼ  黹ЩģӲίȻȥƽ
;˶֪һʵķԾ
ӵط룬һһӡߵǷǳ̤ʵ
ȻˣҪһԭΪԼĸ׺һǣ  Լĸԭһֱҡҡ׹Դڽ֮ڵĺˣ
һڸϵϣҲǼһΣȻȥ͵ޱȣ
ɺ֮ˣ˼ǵ͵
ͳԼĸڶ̬ȣ׻ƼҲûˡ
ԼԼĸ׸ǰҲûôѣ
ӲίҲǧͷ֪ʲôطʼ֣
ʱ򣬺׼ʰʰȥʳóԷʱԼ˽˵绰Ȼˡ
֮⣬û֪ôİ
ֹ˵ԥҪҪ
Ͼ˽˵绰ʱѾ˷ˣ˭أ
ԥһ֮󣬺軹ǽ˵绰ԵͳʵιλǺ裡
Σϲ˰ǺǣЩ뿪Цĳź˵
ŵ绰ͷЩƵʵ㵽λ
΢΢һЦ壬װ
һ׵绰ʱҲЦôпոҴ绰ģ
Цŵ˵£صǰףһææ
¹ΣæȻⲻ˵ġ£Цʵ
׳һƵ궨һ䣬֪ûпգ
Ƶ겻Ǹ㲻ǸҿЦɣҿûسԷ˰
뿪Ц˵ʵҪԷĻȫŶӵ͹ء
˻ԼԭģԼ׽ˣһɲȥԺȵġ
ΪٵĵߣȻˣҪǺ϶ǵҪǳϸ
һĸңþ˷ѣȻһܵ˱ˣԼĶҪܹܺõģ
壬㻹ǻῪЦ壬иҵǰ˵һ£ǵĸĸ٣ҲǸˣȴк
ЦŵֻҪĿͣҹ˭أһ͵
˵͹˵绰һԵ鿴źֺǺǵľܳȥˣҲԼţһӣ  װǳļӣϵȥ߰ˡ
ŵǸо쳣һ·˵ʵ̫ˡ
һֱź裬Ͼ˼ҳԷҪ˼ҰæҪλɣ  Ȼ˵鲢ΪԼ׿ЩҪ  壬¥ɣһ֮ҲЦ
ȥֵߣٷ밡˵˵һֱڶûԶٷʵЩ
壬֮ͲҪôĿ˰ɣ׺ͺ˱ıߣ
̩ɽ
׺ͺʱ򣬻ƹһĿо̸ʲô
׺ͺ֮󣬻ƹЦŵܰλǣ
һ£λҺ壬λQеĳгƹλҼصλҵĸĸ١
ҲھͽܣղŽʱѾõĶӦ֪ԼһĿˡ
ԭSʡİҲǰ˰˵⻰ҲָģΪĿǰSʡǡ
顭
ƹһҪ裬ֲ֪ôЩεĶ׿˿
ȻϹٳ֪û˵Լݳ  ЦŵгǣǺϺˡ
ϺУϺУϺ鰡ڲɶƹźЦʵ
֮ǰڲģΪλȥˡЦŵǡ
Ϻ鰡ˣҰ
񿴵ʱ򣬸оԼҵһ߿Ķˡ
һӣЦʵǺ԰Ǿǻ˽ܵ
ǺǣܵˣϺɲ֪ҲǱܴQкôҲһɲˣǣһССĴҶǲ𰡣
ƹҲид˵
Ȼ֪еŵ֮ǰʱ ֪ܲǮĵ
˷ίȻŲһˣȨʽȴûзôת䣡  ЦЦλ˵˼ף֮ǰڲʱҲ⣡ⷹɲǰ׳Եİ




444¼Ĺ滮˾
 

Ƶ̩ɽ  ڼʱС˽
˵Сȥ˰Ƶ˵
ǣҴһ¸ղŴȥĸⲻǸ𣿡
СҲƣҪǸղվſWггѩóӵ绰֪Ǿڸء
ѩҲ֪˻ƹߣСʱ Ȥ˵һҪء
㵽״ûаЩżʵ
ǣڸأղǸг˵˵һҪƣС̵
Ҫƣǹҫİɣƹ
ҲŭһǰǸʲôŴȥNɪʲô
˵Ŵ˭ĸλİʵ
Ϻ鰡ˣԺҲҶӿίţһƵ˵ǰˣǳԶٷ˼ǰһ԰£
һССĴôȨ𣿡Ȼ֪ջҪġ
ûȨȨƼȨʸûеĻ˵ãĺҪŴƼƼĻǶ˵ʤȯ𣿡Ƶ˵
迴˿Цŵ˵ǰϻ˵úãӲа⿿ߵķ֣ǱҲ˸Ⱑ
Ϊʲô֮ǰһֱ¶ݣʵҪԭΪݵԣ  ı¶˺ݣʱæ˼ҲðǱ˼²̨  ı¶ԼݣǾ͵˵Ҫæˣ
װѡȨø˺裬ҪĿľǲʱΪԼȹϣͱ˼ԼΥԼԭ飡
˵Ȼᣬɺܶ鿼ȴ൱ܵġ
ƹ̾һϺڹٳô֪꣬ܲ𣿾һŪٹ·˵ɣ˲ٵĴͶʣܵĻױƷĿǰ۶ÿǧڣ˰¾Ǽǧˣ
ʵһŵġ
軹׵棬ΪȻûۿĸȴܹ˵һУ  ˵ٹ·ȫΪ÷չƿҪŴȴôľƵ겻á
ƹЩŭӣʵܲ
ǺǣŴǸ߰
Ȼô˵ţȴѾðһӵĺ⡣
¹ѻ𣡣
һѻεĵһҪ˰  ̸ˣǳԷĿҲҪˡµʱ䣬Ҳ֪˶ٵĹֱ˷
ƹϵ˵ʵϵһ˿ϣ˭Ըأ
ЦŵҪȻɣҰϵһΣ
ϺڷίƹԭѾˣɺôһ˵ָоȼһ˿ϣ  ЦŵԿɣܱûϣĺò𣿡
˵꣬绰ͨ˷ί滮˾˾߷ɵĵ绰߷ɱʳóԷ
һֱӺԼȥƵԷ˶ˡ
Ҫ֪ŶӵĺƨˣûһǧҲа˰٣  ίô˾Ǽж˰  ǸҲʮ˵ģôֺҲֲԼĸо  ߷ɺ̩ܿɽһ߾ȻмڳԷЩˣ
Σҡ
߷ɵ̬Ҫ๧ж๧εıڷίѾ˺ܹˣܶİ汾Уһһţƣ  迴˿߷ɵС߰㿴Ա桭
ͦһָָԼϵǷݿԱ̵֮ȥ
߷һͷˮĿźΣεɶ˼ǺԼԷ
ôԼ߿ʲôٹ·Ĺ滮Աأ  ߷ɲûκεԥɿĿһ֮ΣԱĻǺĵġֻмЩƫߣˮ̫󣡡
迴˿߷ɵǲһ۶ǧڵǸ
ţһױƷ˾Ʒ֣Բô۶߷ɳ
ҸأһSʡĸٹ·滮ǲӦÿһ±أ迴Ÿ߷ʵ
߷ֱ˵˵ΣģôͲǿǲǱصˡǱҪڱؽˡ
ţȥɡԷһѳԷû°ɣ
ûû£Ρ
߷ǲ˹һҡͷڵʣµֻмˡ
ˣ  ڸ߷֮ʣWггѩ¶žƱλƵ˽˿̵ɫѾЩ죬ȥӦûٺȣ




445ѩµıϲ
 

̩ɽ
ѩ¿ŻƹϹһ˿ЦݣڸղŴѾӦ
WһΨһϱSʡؼУҲ˵һSʡһθٹ·ֻWһң  ˵ʲô˵WѾɹİĿˣ  ˵ٹ·W˵ֻǿп޵ģΪWγУĿǰĸٹ·ѾȫĹˣ  ѩ˵ǿ
һ·Լ;һ룬ȥǱĳУΪֻ棡  Ƿûأû
ٹ·ǳɹˣƹкʵȴQе˵ġ
Ϊ֣ѩôܹ˽QһϵеĶأ
ัгߴ˰ɣ
ƹѩ鲻ǺȻܸκεˡ
ѩ¿Żƹ΢΢һЦƸгûбҪôС۰ɣǿֵܳаͬΪгҲΪԼĳŻѪ
ߣ˱ǰɣƹ
ҰƸгҾһѩһƹ˪ӣбжˡ
¶֮ԼҲЩˣ  迴˿ѩ³ʵλ
ߣλѩַʵԵʮֵš
߷һԿѩô˵أ
Ҿô˵զΣѩһ¶ǣҲһˡ
ڰ֣Ȼʵัгʲôܸ˰
Ҳûʲôر˵ǣWһٹ·
ѩž˸оһҪĳ嶯
ƹѩţӣѩ£㹻ˣ
Ƹг֪пƣ˭ǵ˲أҪȻȥŴƣ»չչǣ
ѩ¹һ֣ƹȻ뼶ⶫ˭˵׼أ
ռϷ磬ҴܵĻǼԼҪߵĻƹʲôɲ˷أ  ٹ·Ŵ߷ɿѩ滮ŵ飡
ҪȻνҲܴ绰ղSʡǸ  ߷֪ģSʡֻôһٹ·ˣ  νԼû뵽ԼûԳԼѾǳ۶ˣ  ҪƽʱĻ߷ȻҲЩ飬˰ġ
ÿһҪĻ  ֻڲһˣηǾҲҪɰ  ôҲʶŴѩµдһ˿Ϸʣ¶ʶŴֻŴ˶ѣ1  ߷ɿ˿ѩЦһ˵Ŀ̷Զ
ߣŴ㺰𣿡ѩ˵ƸгҲ̫ϹˣûûСģ
ƹһ㶣漴ѣɲҵ£۾ڸ˵
ѣѩЦһ
߷վ̷Զ߳Է
ŴڸڣôˣҪȥƣѩбۿŸ߷ɣɲȥļһ
Һ߷ɳ
ʲôҺԼûȰѩ
ˣ
Ҳ̲סˣֱŭһӣۿѩ£һֱ  Ρ߷һ̵
£Ȩ󰡣˾
Σҡʵڲ֪һﾹȻΪ̶ֳȣʧְʧְ
߷һε˶ˡ
˾⡭ƹһЩعˣϺ鷢ŭӻͦµİ
˾˭˾ǿǲίĳƺҼ𲻵ͣ
ѵǰ߷ɾȻһλ˾
迴Ÿ߷ɵ˼Ҷ˵¹ѻ𣬿һѻҪǹ滮˾հ
ƹԴ˵һ£滮˾Ƿίһ˾֪ˡ
Ϻʱ˸оһĺë  Ϻ飿ǰģ¹Σ
ѲϺǷίεκ裿
ƹ뵽ߣź迴˿ЩΡΡʵǺΣ
гҲҵѣϺУ°ʱ䡭Դƹ൱ĿģҲûΪԼĹθ߾͸оһȡ
ǺΣҡΣҸղšƹЩعһԵƺҲǻعгǺΣ
ѩ¿ŻƹӣƺҲһЩ
迴˿ѩ³ղŲҪǸŴߣھȥ




446ڳڶ
 

Ƶɽ  ŴͼžƣǱȽϿĵһ죬ԭȥϰš
ѾȾˣıȽϵϸȻƺ˾Ͳȥϰˡ
ֵλֻҪ˵ȥ̸ĿʲôҲûˡ
Ȼ쵼Σ쵼߸ϣʲôϵأ
ڵŴǳãղัгѾӦˣĿҪˣԺôٲġ
ัгʲôȥ˰ôȾƺһܵأ̷ԶЩ̫ˣͷأôûأ  ŴԵһ£ัгղųȥˣһͻˣһWһ鳤ȻŴҾһ
أ  ˾ƱһһСѾǹ¶ǣ  ̷Զ˸Ȼǲ
ŴҸ˵Ǿعę́ƣǶʮҪϲĻǳϻ䣬ҪȻһͻȥ
鳤Ҳһܻᶯ˼ˣ֪ʲôʱó֣ʲôʱ򲻸ó֡
ղŴѾǳ׵ɿˣĿǰ϶顣
ʱŴƣǲ͸һ
ǮֲҪ˽ǣ
Ŵĵͷţǿ֮ǰǸĸũһʲôصǣֱˡ
Ŵ۹⣬طҲʲôݳW߳ȥӰŴģھǿһ찡
鳤һƨ̷ԶѾ֪ʲôˡ
̷ԶһֵһǴţھСһЩӵģ˵ัгͲӦȥƣݰ
ǣŴ˵ǡ鳤ЦŵϾֵܳ
õõãҰ˵Ҹ˵ϸ磬黹Ҫ͵һЩģϾڴ뵽طⷽץĻǺܽģһлҪճ
Ŵ˵˴Ҳʼ鳤ʼ˽
Ҫ֪һɲ˰ռ˵Ǹƽƽġ
ǳĸоָ߸ϵĸоǳ  鳤Ҫ˵֮ʣɽűƿˣȴ߽һ˾ѩ£  ѾЩԾһͳһԵ̷Զʹɫ
̷ԶѾȶˣôܻѩµ˼أ
˵ัгѸٹ·㶨ˣˣ̫˼˰Ū
̷ԶԹԵİԼǰľƱˣȻվ
ɵһͷʱڵ
ϵľƱһӵ˵ϣΧĵ̺  ߡ˾ôˣ
߽ǹ滮˾˾߷ɣ̷Զûü˵ʱɫŵòҰף  ҲǷ󹾹  Ρ
̷Զ˲Ҫ˵ǰĲһ̫Ϥ裡  ǽȫɲְϣǸոεģ۾ôϹҲϵԼλһֵİ
Ŵô簡迴̷ԶЦһ
ҡҡ̷ԶһӶ֪˵ʲôˣԴһƬհף
ƹǰ̷Զӣһڶǳ˳ȥ
ĵСҲн죿
߷ɿ̷Զ̷ԶԷҲˣȻȾƣĹ涨㶼Է𣿡
ǵģ˾ϼˣһ˾̷͡Զŵû겻壬Ǳѵʶ  ɱĻǿԣҲм˷ӵʵ
ΪѾǱ͸߷ɶˣʱĸ߷ɾҪҲǲˣ
̷Զղ˵ѾSʡˣ˭Ȩ֪Ϊʲô𣿼ֱ͸
߷˳֮ɫҪ̷ԶĻºҲԼпġ
迴˿߷ɵ˾һȥǹ滮˾ٿ飬ѼͼĻҲҺȥ
ǣΣ߷̵
̷ԶһЩ̱˺ĵϣ˫Եô񣡣  һԵѩ¶žƱ΢΢ôҲû뵽ԭ׼ȥһ»ƹģֱˣ
ǵùҲôùɣ  ѩǰɣ迴˿ѩ³һҴ绰ΣҵҪܵôԼģ
ѩµɴ۾ź裬ŵһҿԣղţû뵽βǷίΣSʡǵĸ磡
ԼԼˣԭһ׮ΪѾɵĺ˲û˲̸ڿԼҪȥˣ
޲̳ԼӣɵعʱһѾʧ˻ɽ֮У
ɽֻʣѩº̷Զ⼸Ǳߴ۵Сۣг˵Ŀɬ




447¼Ʒٸ
 

͸߷뿪ƵʱѾӣ  ϾոΣôϤԺܶ鶼Ҫȥ԰  ˣʱܹܿڷίվȽŸ  ʲôɱһӰ٣˼
滮˾ΪίȨĺĲţһӣһǹ滮˾˾Զĵӣ֪ˣ  ƹ׵ʱж֮⣡
˼ִ̫ţ˰ߵʶǶţˣ
ǻƹԭΪⱲԼҪһֱˡ
˼һڶˣñһٹ  ӺӶˣڵĻƹ˻ʲôأ
뿪̩ɽ֮󣬴ӹҲֱ˵ݣ
Ÿոմ򿪣һ˱ǶҲЩ̲סһ£  һε۾ʱ򣬷һȥʮ߰ŮӣһСŮվڵ棡  ŮӼǷ糾ƣ룬ȴڵסǹ޵ʣ
СǾµ٣˸оЩɿĸо
Ʒ
Ҳǿ˳Ůˣ΢һ£ҲǸоЩͻǺ˼ĳŮЦЦ
Ůӿƹ°¶Цݵһɲǣ׸оһů
¥ŮΪԼվĵطЩס˵ݵİťҲ¶һ˿΢Цʵ
Ҳ16¥ʼ
һĳŮ񾲵վǱߣʱʱĸ˯ŵŮ̺ӣ  ׳СŮ˿üͷҲü
Ůмȥӣֻܹص˺أ  ôˣ׿Ůʵ
ԭһ˿ЦŮˣ׵ʻ֮ɫ̳ƺźصķû£˯ˣ
ʼ磬Ȼ˼ӣȻҲûа취ˣ  ŴˣǸСŮƺҲˣ˿ŮЩ˵裬ǵ𣿡
ܰ£ǵˣ
Ůӵ쳣ᣬ·ղŸ˵˲ͬһˡ
ǸܰµŮҲЦЦ裬˵һκ𣿡
ŮӸܰµСŮһ΢Цܰ£һ˿˿ϣҲģһ˵ܶҽҾƵԷһҽүүѲκõġ
裬ѾΪһ˺ܶǮ˰СŮоǳĶ¡
׿ŶоЩۣһһŮȾ߲·  ɲһ֮ˣ˶ŮӦҲм֮ˣûȥΪһԼ۵Ůȥɢ˵ļͥ  ΪһɽǿĴڣײм飬Ҳ飡  Ȼм֪Щ˳Ȼģ״Ҳûǿ˵һϲ˵Ů˹ϲԼ
׵ķΪ1608Ů˵ķ1628  ɵǣ˵ķȻŶţ׿ŮЩŰӣҲ׼ǰæ
ɾʱһ1626ķŴˣ߳һŽ˿۾װУĶǰ׸ǸŮӣ
Ůһ֮ܵĳź˵Ԩ㡭̬񣡣
ռܲû뵽㾹ȻŮһС˻죿һǿˣû뵽㾹Ȼϲֻɫ
Ԩӿ׺һռܲŮЦһ
󻵵Ҫ۸衭һԽܰµŮһ˾ȻЩҪ޳ˡ
쵰ѾЭˣҪôռܲǸ
ߣռ֮ܲǰĵԣԤ䣡Ѿõ˿Ƶ֤ˣٺ٣ڸ·һǾһѣ
ԨӷһĿЦ֮ʱüͷȴ
˭
׿Ԩ
˭Ȼ㻹ʶҾҽһ£ҾǰΣŮҪ飬ҪҵļҲŶûУ
Ԩռܲһ˵޷ޣ
ǰƺһ˼ûУ治֪ôˣ
Ͻӹ
׿ԨŭһٲŲӴȣ
СӣҡԨҪŭ  ž
ֱһһϺ˹ȥһֱӴ˵Ķϡ
Ԩһʹ֮󣬿׵۾ҲЩ
ĳվһֻԼĶһָֻ׺ռܲ˵㡭ԹŮǸҵš
ʲô⣡
׶֪ô£ͱˣҲأ  ô۸һϼҴڵŮ˺СôҲ˰
˿תλŮʱ򣬷ŮѾˮ




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û°ɣ
׿ռܲҲЩеʵȻκŮ˾ĵˣ¶ܲ˵ģ  һԵܰ¿ԼˮҲǰοԼ裬ܰ³˰Ǹˡ
ռܲһףܿĨԼˮԲûˣղŵĲ㣬ԭ£
֮ͶѡʼûʲôĻ˰
һȡռܲתҪԼķ䣬ҲǸоЩ˼  ղǸ˵ͻȻȫɢЩöԲǰˡ
ղŲĻԼоЩĺˣ  ԭռܲΪԼ氮û뵽Ԩ֮ŷ˼ֱһ޳֮ͽ  £
ԭŮ鲻ǺܺãҲʱ˼߲̫á
û뵽ԼҪߵʱȴ˸סˣ  ռܲҪȻȱɣ
Ǻǣⲻ̫ðɣ΢΢һЦ
ûʲôģղŵǲ˼ռܲҲǸȻ˵
׷Ҳ£ЦŵУߴҲûʲô顭
ռܲ˷ţƵķԷǳĺռҲǱȽϵĳԣ
ռܲԼ֮ҲһˮȻҽһ£ҽռܲҵƬ
ռܲǱȽʽĽţЩε˵ҵƬû
׵ӣռܲҲֻЦЦ㲻ҽһ𣿡
ף׼򵥵˵
ûˣռܲЩʵҲЦ
ʼɶ
ȥͦģѲɾͲһԼ߾𣿡ռܲЦŵ
ʼ߾̸ϣ˵һǸѧ

ռܲȻ׸оѧû뵽һѧ
һѧܵƵȺľƵסһļǲġ
׿˿ռܲݸԼƬЦŵû뵽㾹Ȼһҹ˾ܰ
ǺǣҲǸӶѣԼҩƷ⣬ͷҡ
˵ʱռܲɫЩѿ
ҪǲĻԸ˵˵ӦһȽϺõڡ
׻£ȻѾߣȻҲҪʸղǸеĵôˡ
ռܲ̾һ˵ҳ󲻿һֱҲ൱ܣʶҲһԵ֣ԺҲ޽˵˵Ҳ޷
ϴԴЦ˵
ռܲԼŮ˴֮ղǸ˽ԨҵĴѧͬѧҲҵǰ򡭡
ռܲʼĽ£ԨһƷȻĵǷǳ˧
ԴӸռ֮ܲһֱ黨ǲݣ
ҲˣռܲԴӽԼҵĹ˾֮ææµµΪһȴ컨Ƶأ֪ʲôֵ
޿̵ռܲЭ飬û뵽˾Ȼ֪ܵҪһϵļҲ
Ҫ֪ԨԼʶʱ򣬲һСӣԼ˼˵ķԸһĻҲһǴġ
׿˿ռܲǸղôһǲΪоԼҪĲƲˣ
ӦǵģȻ͵͵ĵ¼ҵ˺ţ鿴ҵ٣ǡռܲƵ˵
ô죿׿ռܲʵ
ô찡ʱԺ£һǮĿǰǹ˾ͿϼŵҵأϼǱߵ̫ˣҵѹҲܴ󡣡
ռܲŭ죬Ȼ׷ĪҲûκΰ취飡
ǮǼһ˻ˣΪһ˲úŬȻŮ˵ǮЦһܣһ䲻ʵĻŮ
ܰ°
һ˵ܰµʱռ̲ܲסľˮ  ĻԲ˵ģ׳
ռܲҡҡͷʵңȥΪұȽϵæͰܰһ˶˼У˭һСʱʱ䣬ٻʱ򣬷ܰѾ̱˵ϡ
װο˵ܻа취ģҲعڵģ
а취Լ̱ҲҪʹ࣬ǡ
ռܲҲ˵ȥˣԼŮһӷ
һŮˣ˵ļ尾ò˵Ƕôļǿܹŵס  ׿ռܲʵһǡ
ΪѰҽûа취ܹȾҵŮռܲг˼ᶨΪһĸ׵Ρ
ֻ֪ǣνҽǰ




449û뺯ռܲ
 

ڶ磡  Ƶ꣡
Լķһʱ䣬ֻҪһʱ϶
˵׽ʵҲν  ΪѹҲȱҩʲôģʵѾǿһľ磬ٶҲԱȽϵĻģ
ˣ  һҲЦ˼һٶȵǲ
ָ磬˰
˼һ֮˾ȥҪ׷Ӧ죬ͱһóˡ
Ż˼һƵ˵˵ȥ죬ȡ򶼲ˣ
ָ磬Ǽ˼֪ЩʲôӰ
ʲôӰڼѧϰѧϰҲܿࣿѲȥשˣ
׿Ż˼ЦŵȻɲͬҴ٣  ˼̾һָ磬ûͬİ
ˣ֮ǰǣ˵ױƷӦÿˡЦŵ
˼ٺһЦǿɲָҸ㰡Ҹǵھĸ깤ÿǰһһĽ
˵ôôأڱְ֧׹һֵ
˼ͷҲ֧֣ǺǼҽ˾ģǸҲ죬¸ڣ
ţĳôھǾУѾʮôЩƵʵ
Ͳ˰ɣָ硭˼΢΢һЦ⾩Ǿô˵һǹһǳ񣡣
񣿣ʮô׺ʵ
˼ЦŵɲôҲνˣʵǴһֺֺǶѣ׷һֱܶ࣬˵ָҲץץ
ʲôϵЦЦ
ôûйϵϲ㣬㲻᲻֪ɣ˼Щ
Ҷ֪զ֪أЩʵ
˼һΪĸ磬ҵȻ֪˰˵㵽׸׼ûУҿֿտյӡ
Ȼ׼ˣСżʲôЦŵѲ׼Ҹɻ˲ɣ߰ɣʱҲˣȥϴкɡ
ðɣɲҪ̫װһϣһ֧أ˼ٺһЦ
ʼʲô⣬˵ôƽЩʲô
˼ⲻΪϲֲҡ
û˵˺ˣϽ߰ɣ
׼֮ͳŵſ˹ȥܿ쵽ƵĶ¥
ƵĶ¥һʽĴǴŷʽķ񣬲ִͳĻһһġ
ſڣ
߰˸ɫվſڣ˼뺯˼ŽϵûʲôΣյƷ
ˣ  ſˣ׺ͻ˼׼ߵʱȴſڵļһŮӣ
λŮʿԲʾ뺯أ
ſڵİԱ൱ϸ񣬸ûκεɽ  ҽȥɣĽȥм¡ŮӿŰԱ˵
Բû뺯ܽ룬˴ȥĻҲǳѰ죡ǸԱ
㣬ҵŮزһļ̳ҽ
һŮӺȻռܲԱߣŮܰһίĿǰԱ
壬ǽȥɡܰµſҲҪСһڵϻġ
ʵڶԲû뺯ĲܹǽȥҾҪ¸ˡ
ǸԱɰСŮҲһɱϾְڡ
Զ׺ͻ˼ǰľ˻һۣ  ʶռܲģҲû뵽ռܲνҽȻܵϵˣ  ֪ôõϢģڵȥƺ൱
ָ磬Ů
˼һǱߵռ֮ܲҲɢ⣡
û˵˵ѾɫҲʱòã
ָ磬Ⱞ֮˽֮㿴СŮɰҪԺҲܹôһŮĻҾˣ
˼ռ֮ܲܰƺҲԸһ㣡  ׼ǰһռܲҲǺȹѰɣ
˵ˣܰµĲԭҲֵģռܲӦǲԼҽġ
żռܲĵ绰ǣ
Ȼ׸׼ǰʱ򣬴ǵԱ־˼ˣߵռܲķͣ
ŮҪҪæ
һŰɫӳռܲааһЦʵ
٣λСղһֱҪҽûκε뺯Ա̵
үүҽ
ٿռܲĨһ˿˿а
ռܲ˵֮ƺҲ




450ҽ֮
 

Ƶ궥ſڣ  ռܲվǱߣȴĶλŰɫ٣  ԼҲû뵽ԼȻõĵزһˣȻҽӣ  ܹͨҵҽΪԼŮҽεĻǵȫѹ  ١
ռܲĿתλгڴ  ٣ҽļ̳еӣ  ļ̳ҽЭĻ᳤ҽˮƽƹڶˮƽϿ±֮ļ̳Ҳǲôһ˿˿
ȴһʲô࣬СھȦǳĺɫ  Աߣһ˿ռܲҲԼ촽٣Ʒ
һµŮհ
СգռܲռܲǳĿ⣬ЩȻˣ
֪ԼõĻˣԼڰղסĻĻʱԼŮϣ  С㣬
Ҫռ֣ܲȴڴ
ռܲԥһᣬ٣æ
ѽС˿
Ĵռ֮ܲȴռܲܵѾָ鿪ˡ
Ҫ֪ռ̳ܲ߳ҲǷǳ׼ȷġ
ҪΪԼŮĻԲܴٵģΪ˲Ȥ
ռֻܲҹＶģҲȱǮܹƵסָջ
Сʲô˼˿ռܲѲ㲻Ůˣ
٣ᣡܹΪŮҽεĻҵʱһл
ռܲȱĲǮЩҽɲǮܹġ
׸֣ռܲҲ˵ļ̳֮뾡취Ҫҵġ
֮Ҳ֪ϣȽϵã
ǵʱǸҽѾ˵ˣԼŮ⣬ҽĵУ  ҽ磬ܹܰκõģֻļ̳ҽˣ
ռ֮ܲ󣬼˹ǷѰϵټ
һʲô紵ݶĻ׼ʱϵģ
һֱڣļ̳ϵ涼ûмһΣһôõĻᣬռܲôҲðס
һоϣ˲  ռܲѹסԼĵĳ嶯С㣬үүܱȽæҪгĻƵ1818㣡
٣ҽȥɣֻҪҽûϣҵŮ
С㣬үүʲôҽҪĲүүҽʮˣүү𣿡
ʵҲںߣСӴСͲѧҽȥԼүүͷ
ǮΪ԰һʱ  ͷֻҪǮʲôŮ治أǰռܲЩоߵ
ռܲɫͨ죬֪һĿģоһĶģ
ҪȥϣΪһϣˣҪļ̳ϵĻľˣ
˵Ļʱ򼴱Ǽأ  ѲԼӻֵϱ˵Ҫ
  ռܲг˽ôϣԼ˿Ѿվ氡
ŮҪҪæ
ûߣʱȴ˼һﾹȻҲ˹
˻˼£ΪǼҲǮ  ˵䲻ģԼүүһǧ͵ˣǼҲûΪǮ
˼ҵĻŷſԴѹҵԼүүȴƾճԷҸ߲ӴҲǷǳƵ
ƾŻ˼ҪŪļҲǲ̫ܣ  ڿ˼ȻĸԼ⣬зǳĲˬ
ռܲʶ˼Ȼ˼Ϻܻ𣬿æŹ˾йЩ
˵ҽҩһЩϰʶǰλٶǲʶ
ʶٶûйϵ׵ʱ·𿴵˾һ㣡
㣬
˼׼һPOSEΪŮ˿֮ǿ϶һĳ߹
ӦǾŮ˿Լһ״̬  ŮȻ׵ķ˹ȥЩǱˣ
ѧ  ˼һƵĿףֻ׳ռܲ΢΢һЦܣ£
㡭Ҳμģռܲгϣ  ΢΢һЦţҲǣ
ҡ֮ǰи˵ܰµĲҪһλҽΣҽҲ롭
ռܲײӦг֮⣡
Ҵȥû⣡
ˬ죬һԵɫС˭  ҵҪôүү
һȥ
⵽ķⱻ˸ˣǳ˲ӬһĶģ
үүҽҲ̫λүӵ˰ɣûת˼Ȼʶһģ˵




451ϣORʧ
 

˼˵һ飡ΪʶקĸһҸ㣬ϵʵүүأԺ㲻ҪǼң
ϵͦģȴ˵Ĵ̼  ǣ㻹ǻԼ𰡣㣿Ҳָˡ
˼ϵĴ̼񾭣ǲһ  ˵㴵ţʱܲСǸհҲԼ첻죬ߡ
ΪЦЦѣ
Ȼ֪׵ʲôˣɾһҪԼүүȣ  ǼֱЦ
ѧĶԼүүҽߣС˭Ҳ˼Цһ
׳ҲţӵܲľͲ٣
лл㣡
ռܲԼŮû뵽ڵʶˣȻԼôæ
ſڵİһλ˼棬ֲɵٶװ棬ĲǺܲң  ƹ財̻Իͣ  ȺźƻһСĽ̸ţȥշǳǢ  ڸңʼкܳһʱ䣡  ռܲסܣѰλҽʶҽ׳ʲôӣ

ϵ۾ܼ⣬׵ĵ֮ҲǼæˣ˭׵أ
׿˿ҲЦŵϣһιиһ¡
ʲô£ߵ׵ĸǰһ֮󣬵ʱһ
ģüͷһܿ¶һ˿ϲ֮ɫ  һԵĻ˼ӣƵ˵˵ʲôҲǷ
һȥ˵ʲô죿ϳ  ۣ
˼ˮ  ҲݸһЦϣλѵŮӸߴˤڼѹ񾭡

ϵɴ۾ףҽѾ˳뻯ĵزҪԼ  תһ룬˿ǲԸⱩ¶Լݣһҿ
ִ磬λǣ
ռܲû뵽׾ȻԼˣим㣡
λ׻ҽЭḱ᳤ϡ׳ռܲܵ
ϣȾҵŮ
ռܲһϵ֮˶Ϊˣ
ϰڰֵҽ߸ĸģβ˱ǵְ𣬲л
ռܲ仰ʱ৵һ¾ˣ  ϰοȻߵܰµԣܰµļôˤ
ҡҲ֪
ռܲҲ֪ԼŮˤһΪʲôôأûпԼŮôˤģ˿ɫͨ죡
ɫص˵ԭСļӦþ⣬ˤӦֻǴҪأҪĻ
롭ҽûа취ȾҵŮռܲϣľϿ϶Ļش
̾һʵⷽҲмңҽЭļ̳ⷽרң
ϣҡ
ռܲЩˣղԼӦôģҪĻһˡ
кҩأ
û£ϸҲѣҲˣӵģ
΢΢һЦûİգ  ļ̳бЩ񱣬ֻҪ˵Ļ㵶ĲϣҲܻβģ  ϾԼ˵ļ̳ӦûԼӣֻûдƱ˭֪ͷʲôأ  ллҽллҽ
ռܲдᣬһεȼϣ  ϿռܲڴҲһ̾ҽԱߣզұأǲԸְ
ϻףײǲ֣ռܲ϶Ҳţ  һ˭Լͷ࣬һǸѧ˻ҽأ  һ࣡
ϴռܲ׵ļ̳еԱߣʱռܲ˵Ҳ¶һ˿Цݣ
ϣþòϳļ̳еķ˹ȥ
ļ̳пҲ΢΢һЦѰЩû˰嵹ҲӲʵĺܰ
ϰ͹ѾǸмˣɡҲЩΪѵĿļ̳е
ļ̳΢΢һЦϣʲôʱôˣ
ҲǹһЦʮа˾ǳɹˣǺռܲŮ˵һ飡  ϰ̩ⷽڿֻ˰Ϲֵ
ϿˣһҪǲӵĻ
ļ̳иҪӦʱѾߵϵĸǰֹ䣡
ռܲһĶһ




452С۵ҽ
 

һΣ
Ϻ϶ۼߣܶ˶Χ
ΪǵԱ˿һϵŮҶҪʲô飡  һκܶ˵Ϊܹϻҽ̩ʶʶ  ˭ûи
ҽ˵ǾԲܹһУ
ղϳ־С
ǰҸղҲˣ̩ⷽóĲ
һܹϴְ
Ҳһأղʱ򿴵Ůĸϵӷͻ
Ҫܹϵ֮һοûа
£һƱǱţΧۼԽԽ࣡  ܶ˶ĿԴţϾûг֮ǰϺϾĺͽ㣡  ǮȨ̫̫ˣϺҽ̩Ҳֻļλ  ϺΪĹʶĿ
Ȼռܲóѣռܲ˼أ
ҪԼүүβˣŮܹԹԵԼĴϣûԣ  ʲô˵һ飡
ļ̳ԭѾǴֿСˣʵôˣԼҲЩˣ
ļ̳һᰮҽҽżȵĿȣ  ղСŮƲһ۾֪СŮӦǼѹ񾭣⼹ѹҲǷֺöֵģ
صĻǿҲп̱ܵģ
СŮϰܹ˵ֻѹס񾭣δ˼  ֻһҽԺΪеķʵ̫̫
ļ̳иҪ׼һչԼ֮ʱ򣬿ȴԼӵһ  үүǻ˼˵ģ
Ȼ֪ԼүүƢҽ棬Ȼûʲôĵһڶ
ԼүүǷǳϧԼģ˵ĻԲܴӦģ
ƫƫղ˼һԼүүֻҪתһ£ԼүүͲܸŮ˵Ůˣ
˼һСӾôϢС˸״ܸɶ
˼ղ˵ҵҽԱߵ˵ģļ̳пŻ˼
˵ôˣ˵βûжĹϵɣ˼
һԵүүǾһġǲҪ͵ľԼκˡ
ҽ㣬ȾŮɣһר̴ظϹΪܹҽһ桭
ռܲѾ֪ٴҪ¹ˣû¹
һĹˣ  ļ̳ЦһԱ߲һλҽ𣿼ȻҽˣӹҽȻҲ̸ˣ
ȥٶǲǷ˰ͷ˸ҽǰԳҽã
СһҲͶʮ°ɣǴ̥ѧϰҽҲܰɣ
˭˵أ治֪ٶôģҽ˵Ҳʲô°ɣ
˼һٶǮĺܣΪòҽˣͷ˭ûиְģҽԺӾͲù˰
һۣڳ˭Ҳ׵ҽܹȵùļ̳еġ
ûκεĿɱ԰
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ļ̳ҽȷǷǳĲ˵۲
ռܲЦһߣ˵ˣүүԲܸŮβġǡ
ռܲȻ֪ǵʲôоһĶģ
׿˿ռܲ΢΢һЦܣҲֻһҽٶ仰ҵͬġ
Сӣ˲㵹ǿĺܣļ̳ʵǿһȻ˵Լҽߣ
ϣǲ˵һҽҿް
ҽЭһԱȥӦ֧ϵģײмЦһ
ߣҲ䣿Цһ
ָ磬ǿȥˡ˼ŭһ
װڰֵβƾҽ£֮ܣܰ¿ɡ
ռܲסˣʵ׻ҽ  ̫ˣЩһҽ  ͦװһСӡϿһЦȻ˵Ļļ̳нͰѻߣҪκСŮҵߵΪʦεĻǾ͹Ҹǰͷ




453ڹŵĺ
 

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Ҳһգļ̳гļ̳УôҲ׻ҽЭĻ᳤ô˵Ļ
ôˣǱ᳤ţôļ̳ЦһҪǱţĻҰΪʦ
үү
Ҳһû뵽ԼүүȻĵز
ʵ˵˸ļ̳бȵĻôļ̳п»ûô  ϾĳЩϻǿԸԼһϸµģ
ëͷСǴðģȻҲҴԲѵ˵Լҽ
һ֮ҽ˭˲
ͽܣһءЦһΪʲôˣһ˹ͽҾҪ
ţ  ŵ˼㣡
һֱڹʲôŵĺ壡  ˿Ҳһĵһﻹ̫װ
ļ̳ûʸĻĸλ˭ʸأ  ۼ˴ҽ̩ļ̳Ϊף
һ仰ĿɲһˣһһƬ
׸ںﲻ
Щ˶˵ǲ񼶱ҪͽܣҪԵġ
ļ̳ˣҪԼͽܣǾԲܵģ
˵ҲʵʵҲܹһ£ôܹأ  ϿȻԼѾˣɹܲôˣ
ļ̳еĺӶЩ΢΢ָ׶߶µ˵㡭޳СҵҪʲô£
㲻ҪߵҾ͸ᣡ
ЦһԭԼҪͷһӵġ
ϾҲĿˣΪܰ¿飬һֱÿڵȵȣ
Ҳһ죬ļ̳лǸŰ֮׳׵ĸı⣡  СҪϱҽ
ֹҿƺϣѲҽĺܸ
ҿҿҽʮأҲֻɾͣСӲŶ󣿡
ߣһͻˣʱҪβŮĲôµ̨
һۣʱҲûκ˻ῴף
Ͽ˿˵ŮĲ֮ǰѾˣӦµļ׵Ӹ߳ˤ֮ʱжѵΣգһѹȵ񾭵Ļ°뱲ӾҪ̱ڴˡ
ϣ˼˵СŮǱͷѹ񾭣һʵ
Ѿǲˣһ΢СʧпɰԺ϶ȹˡ
˵Ҳ֮ȻĿǰѾΪһߣ  ɼߣûдﵽܹӵʵ֮ǰҪĲҲǷǳѵģ
ϣô˵ĻֻҽЧˣϵ֮ھ£ǲǻǸΰСģΪ¾ͰСŮ˰ɣ
վԱߵһҽ̩Ҳǳ
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׿˿ϵϣʵӦҲβˡ
ⲻ׸䣬ļ̳еʵӦûǲģܰµĺͷ񾭷Ļǲеģ  ļ̳е֮һĲûģܰȴǸ  ĻҲôĴҽԺһ۾ͻصˣ  Сӣü𣿡ļ̳Цһ
ײмĿļ̳еҪüκãҸߵˣ
˵ģļ̳
үүɱСӵĵʱˡһԼүүȻֶβ˼ȻҲǰֹˡ
²죡ļ̳жת׼СӣҪκСŮĲ
ߵ׳
ռܲ״˿̵ӣг˸мû뵽ΪԼŮȻ˵˵Ļ  ΪһŮˣһŮˣôܹжأ
ļ̳оҪ֣ռܲоԼ඼Ҫˡ
ļ̳пЦ˼ãĸλɶǼ֤ߣ
Ͽļ̳еȻһЦϣҿ㻹ŵɡ
ϣҾ͸ŮĿһβһߵ֮ҲЩùص˺úõѧѧ
ļ̳˵ţСŮӦþͨĺѿ֮ѹȵ񾭣
֮ΪĵطܹıΧλãԴﵽͷ񾭵Ч
ŮӦԱȽصģϾԵļ⣡
˵֮Уߵܰµĸǰȥ̽̽Ůļ
ִܰµĺ֮ʱļ̳ɫѾǱ




454㲻У
 

˼סǰļ̳У
ԭһͨͨľˣΪм䣬ʹƺһֽŵˡ
Ϻͻ˼Թۣʵļ̳ʲôã̫С
ҽ³ߵĻôղžͲӦˣ
˿Σ˼ǰҽСŮһëǮĹϵ
ȫƾϲãСˣЩ˿ˡ
ļ̳еüͷ壬оһ˿˿ĲѰ
ԽǿܶӣʵԽ֪ܴ
ŮԼëͺأΪˤ֮⼹Ѿֱѹϣ
СվĸԭҲ
ʵõһ취ҲΪ򵥵һ취ǽѹСеļλ
ҽλܶ࣬ļ̳֪ϵ  Ȼϣ֪һοԼˣ
ԳľѨ֮Ҳûһİա
һʧأͻһˣļ̳Ϊĵ飡
һԥˣ  ԼһӢ棬ˣ  ڴĿ⣬ļ̳̾һҡΪ

˶ǵһļ̳н΢ļһ֮Ȼͷˣ  Բļ̳еķ񰡣У  ļ̳гԼΪˣ  ϣҲΪһվԱߵ˾
ļ̳̾һСĹͷѹ񾭣طǳУ֮ǰΪֻЩ谭û뵽ǹͷλ֮Ѿȫѹˣ
ϣҽ̩СѲһ취û𣿡һԵĻϼʵ
ϰҽǴҽôˣֻ˵𣿳ǻ٢޿ܣ
ļ̳˵ⷬǲ˵СŮûκεϣ
νĻ٢ǰοο˶ѵģͷȥ˵ҽأ  ϧˣղһ׼Сߵءһӿһϧӣ  ļ̳Сˣ
˼ЦһһΪϿȻ٢أԭҲô°
˼ΪϷ㲻ɣ㼸Ϸ򡭡ļ̳б˼òᡣ
˼ΪЦ˵ʲô˼Сκ˰
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ļ̳иоԼܵ˼һ㣬ԼҲûκηɣΪûκŮ
κŮĻôһжΪģأ
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ǿɳܰ
ٿһԵռ֤ܲ׻һ㣬
ղļ̳еһôУÿһ־ǱôԼؿһ£  Ժ  ռܲôҲû뵽Ȼҽ̩ⷽרԶûԣֱӾͷˣ
ԭռܲôҲһ˵ɣ
֪ˣļ̳г׵ķˣ  ˿˫ĿնЩеϣ·һ̱  Ľռܲ˵ֱǲ̣֮ǰһ˿ϣʱǰľˣ  ˼ΰԼүү۸һӱQ
˼ЦһΣֲѧҽģð
ߣҲǶ죡ȻβˣƵˣϷ򿴲Сӣʮ꣬Ҳ֣
ļ̳ȻΪ֮ǰ鹢ڻΪԼеʱ򣬱˿϶ǲеģ
ʵôҲûдģԼҽ൱ŵģ
Ȼ㲻У
׵󣬿ȴ𣡣
һղ˵ʲô㲻  һֱ˶ΪװǻƣղôĶΪϳ֣  û뵽ѾֹˣѾ˵ǰ£һﾹȻԲѵ˵Ҫ
ⲻǳ
ļ̳׵Ļɴ۾׵㡭㸺𣿡
˵ˣȻ㲻Ǿвʲô˼˼㿴õĲ˾ֻܵ˲ɣ
ЩԴĿļ̳Уʵ̫Ϊˡ
ǲ̸Լ֮˻Ǻܶģļ̳вǹٷΪҽ̩Ѳûи
˵Ŀгڴвм  ûĿȥЩɵˣҪϸߵ  Ȼû漣ֵģ




455³Ϩļ̳
 

ߣҵҪô
ļ̳д˿̸оԼѾĲˣֻԼղ̫ˡ
û̽һŮĲ飬ʵϸղ˵ʱѾ˵˸š
ƫִΪŮĲƿ֮С
˶ˣҲֻܹһҲˣ  ٿش棬ϾЩ֢֮ǳΪ֮ġ
ҼˣүүûκãΪβãҲ㶪ǰɣҸ㣬ȡֻܹ֮Ц󷽣
ȡ裿ݵ񣡣ϳһʦ˭ǾǸҹȥ
㡭
ļ̳û뵽ʱȻ˵ȻǲǴԼ
СҲ֮Ϊһʦ
׼Ҫʱȴ׵в֪ʲôʱѾһö룡
룿ļ̳иոתͷҲɫһ  СӾȻҲ֮
ʵ֮Ƽ򵥣ѧʴأ
ռܲóһö룬鼫Ϊĸӣ˵ʵף
һ뷨׻Ϊ˸϶ҪԼŮʵ飡  ղſļ̳жѾʱ ˸о춼Ҫˣ϶ˣôϣ  뵽ߣȥײҪȥԼŮʵûˣ  ҽ
ռ̬ܲٸղ˼ѾΪԼŬˣ
ʱҲԸⲵ׵ӣֻϣ׳ֵʱܹ΢һЩԼŮһЩʹ࣡  ϣҷܰ¡׳
ЦŵԸЧͣ
ϵȷҽ̩Ƿܰ£Ҳнģ  ֻܰţʵиʵҲѴ֮ġ
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֐ԼеĽ룬ֻܰһʹ
ܰ£Ҫ£ء
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үүһװģĸʲôмʵ
Ҳһλ֡
ļ̳вòϣһַȻأɾʹýǾҲһּˣ
үүûиɣ͡
оԼʲôܹܵһ㣬һԲʲô֣  ȻԼүүѾ˵ˣѲһʲôĸֲɣ  ž
׵ƺȻĴܰµϣֻͷһ죡
еһεĽܰµļסˣ  һӣӣӡ
ʮӵʱ䣬׵ƻеöһֱܰµı  ʵϣѾֻڻã
֮ǰӳĹЧѾȫֳˣ
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Ҫ֪ܰڵ״̬ʱҪվǾǲܵģ
׵ǿǱʲôĸӵʵϾǼؾһĺö
ʮӵʱ䣬Ҫֵܰһ  ʱƣ׻ɿ֣˿̵ܰҲǱϸķ֮ϣ
ˣ
Ĳһ¶ͷϺ飬Ȼ
˼һ׺֮ҲЩǵʵָ֡磬զˣ
ӦÿվˣЦһ
ʲôܣԲܣļ̳оǷһĿŭȵΪС𣿡
صˣôվأһԵĻҲ΢΢ҡͷ
ԼүүҾ˵һϲװưɣҵҪСôվ
˵һʱ۾һӵɵĹԲǿʲôһ㣡  ˿̣ܰ¾ȻվԼ˹ȥ
ԣߣܣ  ļ̳еĺһɬоԼԴЩת  ôأ  ռܲԼŮȻվԼ˹һˮ
˶𾪵ĿǰһĻһƬûһ˸ҷ  ƺ˶ڿļ̳Уֻһε۹ⲻǳݣͬˡ




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ĵһ࣬˵Ŀⶼ׵ϣ  ˿̻˼ܰվռܲʱ˶ˣ
ָ磬Ҿ֪еģ
˼ҲһȻܵΪ׿϶еġ
ɱϾ˭ܹƱأ
ղļ̳޲ߵʱҲЩĵĿף
񿴵׳ɹˣܲ
ЦŵҶѣ
ָ磬ͲҪǫô˵ǽأ˼̵ЩˣԼʵ˻ϡ
ļ̳пȥ·ʮһ㣬йƤһ㣬Ǳˣ
̫ˣ
һԼʵҲķڷǾúܶˣ
Ҫ֪ǹϵҽһ˰ڱôһ˸ˣܲö
֡һԼŵԣߵ֮񣡡
ļ̳˱Բһ  һˣǵô˵ˣǾͻȥԼŵԣ
ʵж̫ùһˣһǱſֵ̬  ļ̳ˣŷܶҲЩĲ̣  үү
ˣֻܹ˳ԿϵһԼߵʱ˾ͻˣ  ļ̳п˿Զţ
ϡ
ʱ̬ȷǻļ̳һֱԼţ˵Ļǲ˵ӣ
ļ̳иղѾǳԼĴҲ˸Լߵģ
Ȼļ̳иԼߵڵҲܵģ
۲ʶ̩ɽû뵽ܹΪ档ҽȷ֮ϣԶԶ߳ҡ
ļ̳һδ󷽵ĳˣûа취ϣٸԼһٴλᣬҲôã  ׿ļ̳΢΢һЦϲԷƱղЦ֮Ҳص棡
ػ㰡
ļ̳ߵأҪôˣ鰡
Ҳ̾һ
ҽԵӵʵ֮ģղΪܰβҿ㾹Ϊһ仰һӵδ벻ˣȻҲ㡣ҸղſϲδΪҽϾΪֵÿ϶ģ
һҲ˵Լﻰ  ϴŹλλһŮĳɾҪʼˣҿҾɢ˰ɣ
Ҳ֪ʱΧѾûκεˣ  ˿̼˿׵ʱѾǱֱ䣡
ӵзǷʵﶼ𾴵ģһӹɣ  ǿߣĿĽ㣡  ֻ˭Ҳ֪׵ǴʲôطðģΪ֮ǰû˵ˣ  ռܲԼŮ׵ĸǰ¶ĸм֮⣡  ܰ£лл塭ռܲܰЩ۵˵ܰ¿ףҲ֪ԼܹվΪףЦŵллܰ¡
ܰµС͵лԭһվġ
ռܲϹ۵лл㣬
΢΢ҡͷû£֮ǰûгΪܲң
ռܲɫһ죬һֱܰվǰһʵ϶ûŹף  оԼˣҴף
ܹŵĻôڳΨһܹŵֻˣΪļ̳϶Ѿˣ  ˼ЦŵմŮָ磬Ǿĸ˰Ҹ˵ָɴ׳ֵġ
õõã֪ˡ׿Ż˼СǴԼʱҲЦ
ռܲ˿׵ܰµĲκˣҲͷˣһȻطˣпܵĻԶٷ
ҡ˼һԷֵʱ̵˵մŮ㲻˶ɣ
룬ٶҸ˻أ
ռܲҲЦҲû뵽⻪ٶȻôһˣԭȫһ˰
Ǿô˵ҪǵʱĻҿɲϰ˼һ˵
ЩεĿŻ˼İɣܲģ
ռܲĴܰ뿪ߣѣȥ̫ˣ
׿ռܲȥķ򣬾Ȼˣ
ֻ˶һͬ㣬ǾǵƺŹ֮
ʹһˣ
һӾȻô࣬üͷü  ʱ򣬿ѾҲעתƵˣ




457³ĵһ
 

ΪǣŰɫȹ临ź촽޶ˣ  һƹ֮˿һԲ⽫г  Ϊ˴˿ȫĿĽ  ׿ʶĿעúܶߣ
ʵ̫ˣ  ֻ׸оЩ֣ⳡΪʲôô֣߳  ղомʹһϢŵƹϨʱ򣬾Ȼֳ˼ߵϢ  ϣЩģʵ
΢΢һЦǰ˹ŵˣҲ֪ĸڽչʶһЩҲ
˹ҵ֪˼һЦŵ˹ҵģܲӢףʵ൱ӴҪǻŷŰ
ļٵģ
Цʵ˹Ӧú֮ǰμŲࡣ
ʹһļУкܶƺ׽Ųҵ˹ӦҲĳ׽һְɣ  ˼Цŵһ᳤־Լ簡˹ǿҵ֮һ൱ţ
ðɣǺǣҲεʼ硣
ҲΪʲô⼸ʹһĸոս֮󣬾ͳּλߡ
Ļ⼸λӦþ֮ˣ  ԭһ򵥵ĳû뵽Ȼôˡ
˾ߵԱߣЦŶ˵λСʮĳ񣬰ǾĹأŴӦ֪ǵĵһĿʲô˰ɣ
ٺ٣Сĵһ֧˭ǱȵȻʵˣһλӸŵĿ˵
˵ļǣλóǵɣ˾ǿ΢΢һЦ
ԶüͷΪ  һ֧ʲô˼
ײûвμӹĻҲ֪⵽ʲô˼  ЦŵЩǸͷ˵ļ۸Խߣʱ͸˭һ֧裬ȻˣǰԼѡ񣡡
ʵ˵ˣǿҪ˭裬ٰ쵽ڣһĵĹأ˵ǱǾ˭ã͸˭裡
˼һԽ͵ָ绹ûвμӹ
ʼһ֧ô˾
ָһͲ˵̬ˣЩΪʲô鶼óģ˼Цŵϲġ
׼̫󻹲ˣʵ
˼̵ǰ֮ǰ׼һһ
һû뵽Ҳֻ΢΢ҡͷ׼һ㶼ġ
ֻһҲ޿֪ⶫļֵ
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Ǹ̾ȥִʲôģпܻΣգ  һ͵˵Ǽֱǻˣ  ˼ʵ
ǺǣǰɣҲֵǮġЩǫ˵
˼ĴָָҪεͷ˰˵;ˣ
һ˵ļֵҲǰʮ£˵ͰʮʵҲ࣡  ׷൱Ķ࣬ǰ˴ӾͿԿóľӦǷǳҵģ
˾ǿһȺ˵λ׼õƷ̨ĳϣ
˺ܿľͽǸ棡
׵ͳʱԿǼʹһϢߵϢЩ궯
Զһ䣡
˹ŵļ¶֮ɫ
ܶ壬ôأǸΪӢӿһλߡ
߱ǰ˹Ľܶ˹Ҫ֪˹Ǻ´̼ģܶ˹ҲѾﵽ˺̼  ǸΪӢмķ˹ǰ˹峤֮һһҲǸŽܶ˹ģ  ܶ˹ĿóǸȻٺ٣һûа
ܶ壬֮һֱǣ¡ķ˹Щǵ˵
ƾǣ¹شһõ֮뿪׻ƣܶĿᶨôǶҪõ
̨֮ϣ
ĿһֱעףһʱѾһУ  ѡ˵ģִʲôһ֧϶ҪִģΥǱأ
עӵĿУĳЩķ˹ȥ




458Ƶ
 

Ҳ֪СҪѡ˭ĶΪһ
ǰ᲻ٵİһξ˵͵Ķ൱ֵǮİ
˭˵׼أǼпܵģ֮ǰѾ»ˣ
˭֪͵ʲô
˵һʯ˵ܺ˵ҪѡǶﰡ
˶ڴĿϾǽȫһ㡣
Ȼ֮ǰǸʲô״ҽҲǸѡ
ܶڴľǽһ֧˭յӦúܿͻˡ
΢˵УƺѾЩˣ  ֮ϣʽĶĿ
Ǹղ˿еǸĴ䣬ԵǸҫۣ
ϼٶ  ˵ϼţǾ쵱Ĵڡ
ϼҪҵǺһ飬ȫϼŵĺҵһĴڡ
˹ҵǼ֮⣬Ӫҵ֮оϼΪţˣ
˵Ȳ⻪ŷţϼҲȫǰʮĳĸӪҵʵǳۺ  Ϊϼŵļ̳ˣҲĿһе
Դһμ֮㷢˰鹥ơ
ΪϲЧ΢ȥˣһΪڶԼ
˾ǣ˶˷  죬ҪεͷԼʵ˿һܹȵġ
٣С㿴ϷǴǿŰϲ֮ǣڿ϶ûκˣ
У⻹˵ϲ֮ǿʯ
ǰϲ֮ǿٻ˽ǧžģû뵽پȻóˣ
ٵǿŰϲ֮Ƕóˣ
Χһ֮̾𣬺ܿϢ㴫ȫ  ǧ䣬ϲ֮ǣ
쾹Ȼϣֲ֮ǰԽҪεͷ  ˼Ѫ  ǧ򰡣ҪѡŰϱ֮ǵĻǿ϶ǲ·˰  һЦǧѣϲ֮ǵԢҪģõİ顭
ٹȻСһ
һƨ̾Ʈ˹ȥɾ˺Ǳ֮߰ʡ
Ѿһ۵һľ㵣  ǽܶ˹ͼķ˹ˣǻһ֮һεĶϵǸ
涢ǵļߣҲ¶һ˿˿̰֮⡣
Ҿѡ
ǿװѶߵģִһǮĶѡҲֻף
ԴκԼүүĲ֮ԽԽио  ôεĽӴ֮ڵѾǰĽˡ
Ϊ׾һܵһ㣬ܹ޵İȫУ
һŮˣһ˵ĳЩʱôļ򵥣  ʲôС㾹Ȼһ۵ǰɣ
ԱߣһЩ𾪵ĿƵ˵
˭Ķ
ǸղǸκС˵ġ
׵Ҳкö˿ˣϾûг֮ǰҲȫĽ֮һ
СӣСǳͷϰ˰
٣СûѡĶզ찡˼ʵ
ߣô죿ҵҪеôսʤҵİϲ֮ǵģ
ƵĺܣǿԼǧĶ
ôͳȥĻԼ𣿾ԼǮҲôɣ
ͳȥĶóȥˮһ㣬ҪĻ̫ˣ
ԼεͷĻ˵ʵҲ޻˵  ûˣҲûˣôܸأ
С㣬ҵİϲ֮ǿһǧϷʯչõġ
ǧ򣡣
ô𺳵һ֣
˵Ҳһ˵ʵղǿŴʱҲǶһ£  ͸Լģԥľͻˣ  ùģ;ԲҪˣ
Ԣʵ̫ˣԲܰøġ
Цһ٣ĺˣҾϲӣȻôֵǮ㻹ûȥɡ
ûȥ㵱ʲôˣ֮֮ȥС㣬ճ֮ǰĹأ˭ĶֵǮС͵ø˭裡
Թһ˿ı䣬ҲŭգСӾȻҲԼ飿




459OR
 

ϲ֮ǣ  ǧ򣡣
֮󣬺ܶ˶ѾǰĿת
Ҫ֪ǱˣҪ˼ҸòرĻԺʲô  ˵ˣ㿴ϵİĻȫøߵļ۸ѹˣ
ǹȦ
ʱȣΪȤһ֣ûʵʱȣô벻ҪȦ  Ȧӣ˾ҪȦӵĹ
С㣬ٰһֱɶذ
ǰС㣬ؿɲܻٵĶֵǮĻôĵһ֧Ӧø
ǰǧİϲ֮ǰ˭ʯ޸
ڸв֪˼ټǿǿȽɽһĸа
˶һں䣬ΪǶǳһּʣ  ٰܹóǧĺΪģ⻹ǵһΣ  ȻʶһۣⲻǸǹȦ
ǾԲܴӦӹΪģ  ѡ˭ĶҵȨʲôʱ˵һҪѡǸˣ
С㣬һֱģһŮ˳
˿Ǹ˵С㣬δؾʹİɣ˵ˣô֪ͲֵǮأ
С㣬ıҵİϲ֮ǻֵǮĻԺҿ߿԰ɣ
˵仰ǼΪŵģܹߵ˿ܻûء
㡭
иûţȻӿȥɫ滹Ƿǳġ
Ҫ˵жôֵǮЩ̫ʵ
ֵһǧǾǰϲ֮ҲŲСĲģ
˼ΧҲǳ˵λǿϲ˭ĶǾ͸˭費ˡ
ٶ⻰˵Ŀɲ˰ɣٶĶ˼Ҿ׼ģ˵ֵܻǮȴҲֵ˶ǮҪԺĻǵĹˣ
ԱߵһɫӳȥӦҲ͡
˼Ǹ˵˶ģ
ˣ˵˽ѡӣǾӣҲԸ˾
ԲС㣬һ¡
˶ŵʱ򣬴˵߳ˣ˶ǿҲ֪ǵҪʲô
˿ȥӦĿˣϾ׻ƵĵطκҲÿǿǺɣ  ΪĿˣʱǲӦ̨Ŷԣ
ǡ
ʶǰһһˣҲЩƵʵ
ҽһ°ɣҽмķ˹ǰ˹Ÿܲü׻Ƶܲáķ˹΢΢һЦ
ķ𣿡żķ˹Щʵ
Ȼʱ·ɱҧ˭Ҳ֪ǵѣ  ķ˹ЦŵһߣҪ𣿡
סˣ˶סˣ
ʱܵȻ˵ҪⲻһЦ  
ҡҡͷִ͸Լôأ  Ǻȥ۸̫Цɣ
һ˵г˳һֱ˸ˣ˵ĸо  ô˵ĻҲڰⶫó
ʱ͸  ԼѾóõˣ˼ҿûпһֱۣˣ  ʱܹأ۸Ҳô۸İ
Ǳҵ⣬ΪʲôҪһ
Ϊʲô벻뿴ʲôǮ
룡
ЩȻ൱Ķ࣬ڵڻϿˣ
ѾƻˣҾ͸һᣡҪ裬ǿ԰ãϣˣû⣡ɾҲװɣ
㵽ʲô˼
ȻĲҪѾزô˳µģҲһͷ  İԼĳŪˣʱԼҲճˣǸʱ򶪵ĿɾԼҵˣ  ҵ˼ǲǮǿô򵥣֮˭飬Ļھʹҵһֵܽˣ
㡭
һŭĿ֪һĻʱ˵Ŀң
Щ鲻ԸĿףִģԼҲûȨɣ  Ĳ鲻Ը  ҵʲôط飿
Ҫ֪ԼүүעӵһˣôᣬҪǱԼĻǻˣ
һѵľ磡
ⲻ֪͵ĶԼҲȲ˵ʲôġ
׿ЩΪѵӣҲǶƱķ΢΢һЦŵԺĶˣֲֻһ˲𣿡




460´ӳ±
 

׵Ȼ֪ⶫǱ˸ˣ  ˵ʵղû뵽طʹһ׻ˡ
ֵʱƺѾЩˣ
ⶫ֮ǰѾ׼õģҪʱ׼ҲˣϿɶǺö
ƷѾ۵Ķ֮һˣ  ڱ˸ˣǾ͵ʱ˵ˣķϵĻǵʱ˸ϵĻ͵òʧˣ  Ͼ׽ˣ׵Ĺϵֻѣ  Ȼϲף׻ûзչһʱҲĴġ
ķ۰ɣ
ҲΣԼʵҲĲԵĵط
֮ǰҲûпô࣬û뵽˾Ȼ˵Щ飡  ķ˹һ˿˿ķЦŵ򣡣
һΪķܲҪߵļǮأˡ
Щмһ
ϲ֮ǵʮ֮һϲϣ
ļ۸񳬹߽ӽϲ֮ǵĻҲ޻˵  ⶫԼİϲ֮ǣǼֱǲܱȣ  ʵ۸ʱѾ൱ˣһʼΪһ͸Լġ
û뵽ӾȻôֵǮ  򣡣
ΪҪļ۸ɽʱû뵽Ӽķ˹վһˣ
˴ŷǳӣһĵ̯  ۵ʱ۾գһ£˭ܶ˶Ŀתߣ
ķ˹һƬ䣬֪˿϶Ҳǿˣ  ܹ׽ĽǮĻǿ׬ˣ
ܶǮ£  򣡡
ķ˹Ȼķŭ֪Ͼ׻Ƶĵϣ
һûжʹ֮ûɱᣬ֮ҲΣ
ĹǿǺƽ  ֻҪʹһ׻ûжκεȥȺ׽ˣ׻ҲȨǣ  ֮ȶֵĻʱռϷĿɾˣ
Աںƴ׽ĲΨһѡˣ  ԸһҪǴȥĻʱìǿɶԲ˶ߣ  һǧ򣡣Ǹ˵һȻ׻Ļһôܶ׻Ƶʯ֮أ
ż۸Ĳܶ˶ʼǷ׷ײ²˵˭
ʵϣû֪˵˭  ֽǣ糬ڵĵӣ
ԭǸԼµļʦֵܳʹһ˹˽뾩ǣ  û뵽طȻ  Ҫ֪ǿھȻǮͿõⲻǳô
Ű˹˳֣ô̵סأ
ǧ򣡣
ķ˹ƤӶ̧һ£ֱǷ  ۸ڼǳɱϷһ־㤵ĸо
۸ǣо൱Ĳʵ
ղŻģһӾͱǧˣƺûоͷ  ǧ򣡡
Цһ׻֮ҪַӶȥ
붼룡  ʦ֣˹ž˵׽׽ĲҵҲǸ󼸰ڰ
ǵԱߣһ˵
Ҳܹ߶֪ͨʦûУԲܹǴߴߣ
ǵ֪ܵͣطǾԲֵܹġ
֪ļֵҪȫֹڱ˵У  ڵˣ
üͷһ壬˵ڵӡǷǳĲãʹһ壬ӡҲǲã
ǧ򣡣
ķ˹˵Ű˿Ǯһ㣬ƺǧ˵Ǯһ㣡  ֱһ±ƵĿżķ˹˵ǲǸɵӰǧƶԴŸ˻զΣ

ķ˹
㡭ľȻŭһ
һԵǿĻһȥҪ˵һڡ
±ˣ  ڶһָоһӣھȻеۣ  ⲻǳ
еӣ˶ЩˣԭΪⶫֵӣû뵽ھȻ˳һڣ
ѲִĶʲô屦𣿿ɿȥӲûʲô֮  ˼˿׵˵ָ磬Ǹɶôôţ
ҲǼװɵʵ֪ǲǷˣ
ʵ֪۸ԶԶûдﵽǳܵĵߣ  ļ۸ÿֲݶЩˣ




461¿ֲ۸
 

ƵĶ㣡  ˵Ŀ⼸˼ķ˹ǸͻȻֵ˵ϡ
ķ˹ǻܹ֪˵˭Ͼ˹ȫǺġ
ˣǾͲ֪ˣ
ܹͳһڵˣǾԲʲô࣡  ټ̬ȣܶ˶׷׿ʼ²˵˭ˣ  ӲģھǵȦ涼ûм
ʮڣ
ķ˹ôȥĻ֪Ҫж೤ʱأֱӾͰѼ뿪ʼˡ
ʮһڣ
ȫһƬȻһ˽Էĸо
ĵǸʲôôôĶأ
ӾʼʴӿҲûôֵǮɣ  ǲǷˣ  һСҲ֪ģ  ǸоԼڱ˻ţ
Ϻͻ˼һҲզ಻ѣƺһЩʲô  ĶȻôߵļ۸ģ
ǿżķ˹Цһʮڣ
  ȫһƬ֮ɫԭһͨĳ񣬵ѾǸ¼
ʮڣ
ķ˹ʱҲˣڵĵ֮ҪѶõĶǴҪġ
ڣ
һӽߵһĿĵز  ڣô⣿ʲôôֵǮ  ķ˹ڣ
ǿżķ˹ɫһ䣬û뵽һﾹȻôǮ  ׽ҪʽڿһҲѵ
ʦ֣еǮ߸ƴ¡
һԵһʦܳƺѾЩˣ
ߣʦǹⶫһҪõ֣ߣ
ǿһۼķ˹ɱȻ
ʱҲ˲ʲôˣƷļֵǸ˶Ӧ֪ġ
ǵȥģ˶֪˵Ǹʲôģ
ôˣڰ
ģҴûионôĴ̼ʲôڰ
ǲǸаôŶǸأĵҲûôŰɣ
һ㶼񰡣Ҹо˺棬ҺܼУ
ºܶ˶ǳżķ˹ķ˹ȥ˿̼ķ˹¶һ˿ʤЦݣ  ֪һǿҪһսˣ
ҲûʲôϵںʹһôϲȻҪɱȥˣ
ֱ㶵Ŀżķ˹ѾǱ۸ɵˣ
ڣĻҲ˵һӾʹﵽˣ  ˣ  ʵ̫ˣ¸ܲʵ
ķ˹΢Цųĸǰ˹ЦŵС㣬ſڣ룶ȥһ£ʣµһڣǺܿͻᲹϣ
ķ˹ſеĸʲˣϰԵһſ
̲ԸһεõһƷʱ˹¶Ҫˣ
Ҫ֪ⶫϡȱʹһͬϡȱ֮  ֻҪܹǮģǼֱ͸񵽵һ㣡  ΪһƷ³֮䶼ܹɱ֪ļֵжôĸˣ
ſԭϵѾǵ˼ķ˹У  ܶ˹ߵ˼ķ˹ĸǰ˿֮Ҳһļ  ˿֮Ϣ켣Ⱥ֮ߣԱ֤㲻˺ǡ
Ҫ˵ʹһ壬ƿ¾ǵٶˣ  ţ
ķ˹˿ԥͽܶ˹ܿʧȺ֮У
ȥģ˼ߵĸǰ⿨浽ûǮͰѶ˼ˣ
ֱ뿨Ųѯһ²֪һԵҵҪ滹Ǽ١
еĿֱӱ˹ʵǲ˻ôǮȥһ⣡
˲еĻţ  𾴵ʯûãϵΪһǧٶʮ򡭡
˵ֻᲦͨеĿͷ˿ź֮󣬺ܿڵ绰ͷͳһ
ȥ
ŵòûаԼĵ绰˳ȥ˿ɫһǺ죡  ˰
ԭΪԼİϲ֮ѾҫȫˣڵһܹǮ  ûһϵ  ǮԲƭ˵ģϷ⼪ķ˹ҲܰԼſطİɣ  ˻֮еʱѾǻͷ뿪ƵĶ㣡  ƺ˶û½ȥˣһԵھٰȥЩȻζˣ




462겻ɢĶ
 

ĳһƬ𾪺̾Ϣнˣ  ʵҲǴҴææһ֮󣬺ܶ˶ûдӸղһĻлζ  ִ磬⿨ҲҪĶվ׵ĸǰ֮ɫδȥ  Ƿǳ۵ģȻִ֪絽͸Լʲô
ڵ۶˵Ѿܹˣ  ŵִһƬⲻ
װڰֵͳȥĶóȥˮֵΣǶġ
ִ硭Ҫ˵ʲôһԵĻ˼ѾЦŵҪǲҪ͸ңҲǮ࣡
˼硭
ЩƵĿŻ˼ЩǮȻĿܴ󣬲˼ɱǮˡ
СȱǮĺܰ׹һֵ
ִ磬ҵҹķɻȥ滹飬Ȳˣһԥ֮ɫ
˼һֵûû£ָչ˾ˣ
һ˵㰡˲ľˣ㻹չˣ
˼˵ָ磬Ҳ̫ɶ˰ɣôҲøӰɣ
һ˼ĻҲݸһЦ
׺ͻ˼뿪Ƶ궥ʱѾСʱ֮ˡ
ڶ磬ռܲ׵ķţ
һռܲ˵һ㣬ԭΪԼŮһϣûˡ
û뵽ȻǱԼڵκˣ
Ḷ́ռܲҲǾľ
һʼҪԼŮβĻĲԸġ
룬Լ뷨ĻԼŮĲˣ  һԼɿɰŮҲòˣ˶˼֮ɫ  һҹռܲû˯ģ  ܣ
ʵûпž֪˭վˣռܲʱҲɻʵ
ˣҡԶٷ֪ûпգ
ռܲҪһԼĸм֮飬Ҳ֪Ӧôȥл˼ˡ
Цŵ첻˵֮ͺҳأ
ܵøҸᣬҺúõıһɣҾҪؽˣռܲЩ˵
ȥȥȥһȥŮôܲȥأ
׻û˵Ļ˼Ÿ˯Ѿ˳
СҲÿֱסߣ  û뵽ԼûдӦռܲķ֣Сӵͦģ
˵ûеڲٰ˼ֲ㣬Сӵͦģû˵
˵ָ磬ôŮԷ㲻ȥҶȥˣ˼һֵ
ռܲɫһ죬ЦŵٶҪ͹⣬Ǹˣ
ûôأҾǸ䷹ģ˼̰ڰֵ
Ǿô˵ˣƵ꣬Ҷ˸䣬̩ɽռܲЦŵ
ٺ٣ʡһٷǮ
˼ǲȱǮҪԼ˵ĺһ˿Ŷƣ
ռܲܿصԼķ䣬ȥúúõʰһ£  ʮ֣  ռܲԼŮ¥̩ɽ
ԵʮֵˣûŮĺ֮ǣԺܹר־һЩˣ  ֻռܲԼû뵽ո׼̩ɽʱ򣬾ͿԼǰԨһ޵ŮӺ׳˶Ĵ󺺳Լ˹
겻ɢ  ռܲԭĺһʧӰ٣  ǸռܲԨǰޣ
ŮһռܲЩֺ۾쵽üëˡ
Ԩ㵽Ҫʲôôһ쵽겻ɢģռܲԨ
ףܰµĲκˣ
ԨһԼŮȻܹվˣҲ¶һ˿˿ϲһٻûдﵽɥĲĵز  ԨôСëʲôǻŸ꾫һɣ
ÿԨ˵ˣⱲֻϲһŮ˰ҵļҲȫˣ˵ܸ𣿡
ԨһӾǱһһ㣬г˶񶾣
ҸԨڿʼռܲһǮ
ռܲѾǻָŮǿ˵ķ緶ǰûԨš
ڲһˣԼŮĲκˣȻеʱԨˣ  ռܲȰˣ֪ǸʲôȰʵʵģһ׷Ӹ㣬֮أŲţԨ˿̵ʮ㡣
ռܲЦһҵҪô֮أҸ㣬ҪھҵĻ̱
ٺ٣ϼźҽҩ˾ĹλɣҪû˵ϼŵҩƷӦԨЦ
ΣʲôϵռܲЦһ
ûʲôϵ˭ǵϼŵļ̳أ
վԨԱǸ欵ŮӸһЦռܲǿһҪһ㣡  㡭ǵ̫Ůδռܲɫһӱѿ




463¾㻹ʶٶ
 

̩ɽ
ԱɷӣҲǶԶԶġ
ܹƵ˼ǷǸģҲܹǵġ
ȻǲĻԾͶԶһЩˣ  Щùʵ˵ֻҪʲô̫飬Ƶ궼ǿ԰ƽġ
ѲɴܣҪЩСæ  ǵϼŻϤҾǵδҲԨŮѡ
δռܲҲǼʲѣΪԼĻǲġ
ɿռ֪֮ܲԼĳŮ˵ĸǰʵЩһ㣡  Ԩһ˧磬Ҳǳϲͣ
ʶҲǾѽܵģʵԨǿĽӽδġ
ĿĲΪ˵õռҵĲƲô
ܹõλŮĻʱⱲӿԺˣ
Ҫ׸ţ֪Լ²һУ
ǿһϵռܲĲƲҪԼɫ໹ǿԵġ
ʲôŮ˲أ  ռܲɫһӱЩҰܣʵϼŲӪҩƷģһҽҩ˾кģ
ϼǸ㽨ģչһЩҵҩƷ֮ģ
ռҺ͵ϼźѾʮˣÿڵϼŵ׬ȡ˾İٷ֮ʮϣ
һЩɢ֮⣬ǵҩƷǹӦϼŵġ
ôһ󵰸Ļ˵ҽҩ˾ͻᵹˣ  ռܲʵû뵽Ԩƨıûһ⹴Ůȵı»ˣ
ԨӽδΪҪЮ𣿡ռܲЦһ
ʲôҽӽҸ㣬Ҹ氮ֲŮܹãԨ˵껹ص§ŵδ  δ˿ԨԨŮһͲʲôö첻ǩֵĻĹ˾ƲղѾˣǵĻһ߰ٶĻأ
㡭ʲô˼
ռܲһδĻɫӵѿ  ˾ٷ֮ʮϵʽ϶ѹڻˣû뵽һﾹȻû£  ߰ٶ򣿴Ǯһȸңҽҩ˾Ҳаٷ֮ʮĹɷݣЩĹɶֺˡ
ԨһҲǼҪ߰ٶĻԺӿԹĸӵˡ
㡭һȺ޳ܵСˣŮ
ռܲԭĺ鱻һһɨգ˼ֱҪ˼㰡  ռܲҪôھͰתúͬǩˣҿԿǸһ׷Ӽһֽ𣡣ҪȻĻɱû㡭
ԨԽԽеˣ֪߰ٶĻռܲ˵ζʲô  һǵʽתĻܿҽҩ˾ͣͣʱ˵׬Ǯʶûпˣ
ҸԨҾҲǩֵģ
ռܲƵĴŴֲԨ֮󻹲ģȻһεȥ
ҵȻ֪㲻ܰ²һ󣬰Ԩ̾һȻһҵǸСӣҲҴһ٣Ļ
Ԩ֮ǰ״һ٣һֱǹڻ
ԭûҪδΪδʲôᣡ  òŮ˸ˣȻһǸ˵ļһզأ
δ߿ֵǿıڵģ׳˶ıڣԨŵʮ㣡
˵Ҳʮ㣡
ռܲһ뵽֮Ȼ䲻ôĺˣȻ֪׵Ǹʲôģ
Դ֮ǰȥƵ궥֮оǷǳͷ
ҽ˭ǿ׸֮ӻ˼  ʶЩţˣҪ
뵽ߣռܲҲŵδǵϼŵĽҲǿŻŷŻŵҸ㣬ʶŷŵĻٶ

δЦЩʶٶĴ
δռܲʶٶɻٶʶô
ԨһռܲҲһ㶣  漴ҲǹЦռܲռܲǰ˴ţģû뵽ΪԱţ춼ͱ
˵ʶٶΪٶôæаδЦһҸٶҲֻһѣ˼ôæһˣ㾹Ȼ֪ܵ˵ʶ˼ңֱЦ
ͲҪˣһ֮ҪǩԼĻǻԨŵδ
δռܲһ֮ҪǲͬǩˣûôˣҪʵ̫ˣʱε˾ˣҪ
ǻбӦģ
ռܲôҲû뵽˾Ȼܹ޳ܵһز
Ӵǣôְ
˼ߵ̩ɽʱ򣬿ԨвռܲҲЦ
ղ⣬Ѿһˣ




464ɶ
 

㣿
Ԩһ׵Ӱ̩ɽҲŵöһ£
˼˿ǰ˺ŮˣʶŮЩӡġ
Ů˽δǵϼŶ³̫Ů
Ůӡ󲢲ãһҲͰˣҸоôã
һ˵ҪԼŮѣ
˼ɴһŮˣŮ˳̫һ㶼⣡
˿ſ֣δôϵóأ  Ҫ֪ͻ˼ҲҵʱûмˣҪŮʵû˼оЩθĻ»˼ӡûô  㣡
׵ĻԨһޣʵϸղû֮ǰѾ֪һˡ
ֻҪĵļһ컹ܲٶһ㣡  Ȼһһ㶼ûԼʧ  ϣֱǺ޵߿ԣ
ͷҪͶʵǲ٣ҲˡС͸Щˣ  Щ˲ΪܷΪ٣ҲһĶģ
Ԩ˭δһֻԨؿԨĸ첲ϲȥ  Ԩһ󼤵ŵδųݵ㲻֪Ů͵Ҳˣͷң㿴ǵ࣬Ǵġ
Ҵҵˣҽ֪֪ ʲô˶ܶҵ˵ġδЦһ
ֳź˻ӣδѾǳ׺ͻ˼ķ˹ȥ  зһЦݣ  ǿߡռܲһ׺ͻ˼ĸǰ  ˼һ˾ȻҪǶ֣ɲ£  ȻǱڣǿսǼʶģ  ֶһԣӲŪǡ
˼ܴǲզĹ൱˵õģ
ƤӲиʲôãҴ򣬳Ҹ𡭡δƽʱҲһˡ
ƽʱȥϲڣ˭ҪǸš͵Ļɲ˿  ׿˿˼˵ϻϣ
ָ磬ǵȻ˰˼ЩεЦЦ  ΢΢һЦ˻δԼʱȭͷѾǳһ˵ֱӺ˹ȥ
һȭһǸ˵Ķһȭ
˻ûüӦѾǱ׸ֱӺɳȥ
Ŀɿڴ  ԨԼĭоʵ̫ˣһôܴ
Ҫ֪ǰ˾˵ֱıڰѰ˸ǽģ
Ťһ²ӣȻԨĸǰ˹ȥղǩʲôţ
ҡûСԨʱһĹҲûˣ
δԨӣһȻʲô־ǴҰھ͸ǣҪô˵ĶҪô
Ǻǣ˵Ķ𣿡ЦһŵҿǲײĲᣡ
ֱһץסԨžһ£ֱӰԨ˹˵ϣ  ໣  ԨסʹһӺ  ǸҴˣҸǣǻڵġռܲҽҩ˾һұ֤㵹գ
δҲǽ˵˵ʵƺҲûκʲôˣ  ҽҩ˾ղҲ֪ǵϼԺҪǻŷźǲˣ
˼δвҲЦһû뵽Ů˾Ȼⶫвָѣֱ
ǻŷţΪǡ
δŻ˼һĲмҪ׼˵ʱ򣬿˼ѿѾժ
ڵӿȥЩ
δָŻ˼ֲֻסĲ㡭㡭㡭ôأôʶأ
ž
ģƽʱϲŮˣöݣڴôоôˬأ˼һƯķֳ飬ԼҲоԼĶǳ˧  ǣԨЩµĿŵδѾȼһ˿õԤУ
һεܹռܲΣƺһαһεı簡  ٶҴҴˣ֪ˣԭҰɡ
δʱڵϣİŻ˼
ϼһ˻ŷţǻҵȥˡ
Ϊŷţϼһֱ鶼ǿޱȣ  ˻ŷţЩг𱨳ˣ  Ǹʱǽƣǵϼһգ۵ĹӦþͻʧ⽨ҵĺ֮У
δǸɵӣԴʵǿ
һʧȥУʱʲôأԼүү֪ΪԼŷŲֹԼҺĻǾ군ˣ  δһ뵽ߣ˽ˣ
ľٶҲȫˣֻڵԨͲ֪Ӧôˣ  ˼ŵδЦһҪȵϼҲûа취Ҹһᣡ
ٶ˵һһδظ֤
һ˴һĹȡ˼΢΢һЦ
ҪԨһδ֪ãԭѾſµıڣҲվˣ
Ҵ򣡣
δԨѣʱǰʲôأ  ǲ  ֻһȶѵԨѾǺ
δԨȶ֮Ҳĭٶ𣿡
ڶ㣬ǾǴһҹȥⱲֻҪ˵һһĻϼŵĺʹϡ
˼ǼΪˣδסԨ
ʱԨҪռܲ鷳µһӦľǵδˣ
Լ
ǼǱ߳ȥӣ˼Ҳ¶һ˿΢Ц




465´շ
 

ǹʻ
컪˼һֱæŰܳ˵ʲô£  ǱȽϵ鷳ģ  ǻ˼ȥ˸װҲǻ˲ٵĹġ
ǸѧҪ׺ܶ࣡
ʵһʼ׻ĴֱӷȥǱߵģɺ뻹ˣ
һʹһصβ˽⣬һʹһĽƣʱⲻһս  Ͼ˼ҵĵ̣һ׼ûУԼһͷȥĻʱûаɣȴǵһɧ
ɻȥĻǾûʲôˣ  һȥʹһ壬ҪĻΪ˽ʹһ⣡
ʵϣʹһҲȷһǿ壬׻ĶһЩϺз  ĵ˼ҵĵ̣Ŀ¾ͲЩһֶֻܹĶˣ  Żպ͵ǻƣ̤ǰӢ׵ĺ࣡
ͷȲգ  ʵνͷȲҲǱȺЩͨλ΢ôһЩЩ  ںЩλͷȲջҪܶ࣡
ϾӾǵӢףɻҪʮСʱʱ䣡
ʮСʱ͸Ǳߣһ˻ǳԲģ
ͷȲյλһҲֻô׽ȥʱԼλԱѾˣ  ׵ĵЦЦȻСֵܣ㻻λвУ
û⣡
׵Ҳν˵ҲǵһɻЩͨѾûʲôо  лл㰡СֵܣҲЦЦЦƺЩ֣  Ϸɻɣ̵ҲǱȽϵģ  λϵһ־ҲͿżҲԼŷɻ߰ɣ
ҪĻǾ̫ˣ
Լ˰СʱңԱߵƺЩͲסįʵСֵܣƽʱӰ𣿡
ӰҵǿûȥӰԺʼ
ʵ˵ʵ׻кܶû
ǰѧϰɼʮֵͻֲǺܺãҲûǮȥӰԺӰ
ʲôҲˣ⿴ӰƺĲĹ滮֮У  ;֮Уܶ˶ǽŻ죬ҲϺ
Ȼоģи˸ԼҲõͦõġ
ôС᲻ӰĻ治డεЦЦһﲻʶԼеİ
˿ȥʮ£һ˵ĻʵǽвҲ֪ӦǸ
Ҫ΢ڵӰһЩо˵Ļһͻᾪ֣
շᣡ
ûȫĴݣݹ˵һЩдշŵ
շû뵽˲ʶԼȻӰ  ⣡  УٲȻͳΪĴʣ  ͷ˲ӰģҪôӣҪôǲ飡
Цŵǰ뿴ʱûǮеǮˣȴæˣҲûпտˣ
СֵܹհշῴЦʵ׵Щøеġ
ϾڲʶԼ£ԼҪλ˼Ҳûʲô͸Լˣ  ף֪հҲǷʵ
շЦŵշᣡ
 ϤиĵӰľͽշᣡ׻շ֣  Ҳֻ֣շվԼĸǰҲǸʶ
Ŷ㻹֣շҲЦ˵Լ֪ȻǿԵ  Цŵ㲻Ǹշᵼݰɣ
СֵܣˣýշᣬҲĵӰģշ΢΢һЦȻԼĶͳһƬԺʲôֱӴҵ绰
ǺǣУ
ЦŵҲûô̫
ǺշЩһԭΪʶԼ֮ԼǱ˵Ļ˻ǳļ  СӿȥԼԼͳƬ˵¾ʱȻô˵һУ
Ҳ֪СӲͨأǲ֪ٿأ
շ룬ͷ˻൱иԵģ
ȥˮһ¡շһ֮󣬸оЩڿʣˮǰ治ԶĵطҲЦŵ
׵ͷλÿշ˳ȥ  շߵǰͷȲյһλʱ򣬷ɻƺһ
˲䶶  շһվȣеĲˮЩ
쵰Ҳˣ
ʱһŲ׻ԵӣӲĶշ
˼ǷɻͻȻһҲûзӦĹշᵹҲĸߣ  һˣһʱ仹ǽһԼΪԭ򣡣  ׻˵һ飬ҽϵĲˮҲ
Ǹ˵ӿȥʮң̬ȴǼΪţ




466͵30ϣ
 

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շû뵽ǰһﾹȻˣǼһŰӣ޲һһٲźã  ڷɻϣΪԼİȫҲǷǳĿƣ
˵һ飬ҽϵĲˮҪÿ
һصӣȥʮֵİ裡  ΢΢̧ͷ˿ǸӣӦò׻ˣǵǰӻǵǾͲ֪ˡ
շɫͨ죬ô֪һݣȻ˸ӡ
ǶЩģˣ
ҾͲôΣշҲƢⶼʲô˰
׻㻹֪ȭȻҪһҾ͸ᣡ
վ˿ȥҪȶշ߳һͷֹ
շῴǸҲЩϾҲ͵ˡ
ٶǻǲҪˣҪ顭
Ǹ˵ԱߣһźɫӵȥЩš
еǸʱ޿̵ĲԼУ
ȷľٶЩо֣
Ҫ𣿽ҾҪ̽׻ôˣ
Ǹٶ΢΢бһԵˣǷҪˡ
շˣǸٶѾǽ⿪Լİȫվ
㡭ʲô
շҲһϾڷɻ һѲɻĸҶֲɣ  أ  ˿ûԥһȭֱ׼շϣ
շ᱾ܵ׼ԼֵסԼʶķӦҲһƣ
ʱ׵Ѿǵշĸǰֱ˵Ľ
ߣҶ£
Ǹ˿֮ıǿзһߣ  ׿˿Ǹ˵ˣҶҵ֣ٸҶֵĻҷ㣡
׻㡭
˳׻Ҫ׼ײշᣬп಻ɳӣ
ֱվһѽǸһץȻֱӲİ˴λϾٵ˰գ
ಣ
ٶûп׷ʲôѾص˷ɻĵذ֮ϣ  һ˲䣬׵Ķʵ̫ˣ쵽˸Ӧ  ٶԱߣһվĸӣȥӦǺһġ
׵ѾǶǸץסӵϣȻ֪һĵԵʲôҪ֮  Ȼ˾Ҫǿ϶ʲôɸ˵ˣ  ҵݣ  ʲôȻһﲻʶôǿɾ͹ֲˣ  ҴǸ׻
ˤ˵ϣԼһŤ
Ҷٶ
Ǽ˲ΧСĿռ֮УƺҪף
ֻϧô׵Ķأ  ׼ľͽ⼸һŵˣУ׳һﲻע⣬ѾǰĵսԼ̸  ൱ĵΪλϵƽԷŽǸһ棡  СȥҲǱȽϵĺʵģ
ǰ˱׸ѾЩ֪˭˭ˣﻹע⵽׵أ
ǸˣôҲû뵽ȻܹԼƤӵ¸è̫ӣ  ׵ٶʵ̫̫ˣ쵽գһ۾ĹⶫѾʧˡ
ΪͻҪʱ򣬷ɻϵĿճ˰ƺЩˣҲ˳
ǸʲôأһλƷĿճԱڶֵĻǾϵɳˣ
ϾڷɻŷһСʱĿǰ׻ƵľڣʲôͻĻʱǿԽġ
ǸٶһճԱĻּŸ̫ܲղҡء

ԭ׻ΪһŰ赽һľ磬ճԱ϶ġ
û뵽һﾹȻˣ
˵̬ʮֵĿɣǱӣȻ̵ס
˵һ㣬ǾǸղ͵Ǹ棬ʲôɸ˵ܣ
ּţߣҸǣҪٸһ£ŲֱӰ·ɻ
ǼճԱһ˵һǰӹģּŵģǵ̬Ͳһˣ  Ǹ̫ȼ⼸Ա˵˵ҲҪŭ
һ뵽ԼϵĶһεסˣ  ԭֵͷȲգҲİ  շῴǰһڵԭǸʺҵˣһﹷʺó⣬ʲô
ʵڰҵҲһЩ˽ģҵ˼ΪĿԴ󣬸κ˷У
ԽǾԼǿ壬ʵأҲڳһѣ  ŵСһʶ΢΢һЦҪǸҶ֣ұ֤ǻڣ
Сûп𣿡շ
ţʲôţûпտЩţҪĵ鵹ǲٵġ
ӹ˵Ҫһʲô󡯷ϵͳ㶼֪շЩԾĿʵ
һӰɶҲҲעѲǸӣ  PSŵ϶ֵģҲҪɢĵƷ30±ֵܽǶ֧áдúƱޣдĲҲѰҸõƷݶɢİл




467
 

Ӣ׵ĺϣ
շЩ˼ĿףҪ֪һ׶θý嶼һķŸֹڡ󡱷ϵͳ飡
û뵽׾ȻʲôҲ֪һﵽôİô鶼֪أ  пţӦÿԿõİɣ
ֻ׻пŵĿնûУһ㶼ûйע顣
շ˵ʱҲЦʵŵզأ
ġ
շῴѹҲ֪飬Ȼʼ顣
֮һҲǲеˣ
˵ּΪһṩһأǽأһ㣬ּŵ˸ӹ߲ϵУּǹкܶĴǹ˵ưӻĸ߳㲻֪
շоǰһЩһ㣬ȫ֪飬Ȼ֪
ɫЩεĿ˿շᣬҪҸղ֪Ļ治ǡллŵ顭
СҿʲôͳŽңԺˡȻûɶӰȦһЩλģҪʲôʲôҪȦӵĻʱкһС
շһ֣ҪǰСӰԼĻԼǱ˸ˡ
ʱŵͷ¾ҪԼˣɲ־
򣬶һ˵ǿɳܵ鰡  ŵá
շڸ˵ʱ򣬴շվһȥʮĵŮ  ǣ
շ᱾ܵĿ˿ŮĴŴоЩ
ŵãصļġ
ģصļߣزŲʱ䡣
շᵼݺиʲôűȽϵĻ𱬣صϰȥշˡ
ܲڳʲôųҲǷִ
ղŵ͸ղԱ¶ּٶʵʵڵıеġ
һܰˣŵǰӣоԼŵʵЩⲻȥ  Ҳ̫ᣬǵҵĻʱ֪ŲҪġ
κεͬĶǶһ֡£
ΪѾһּΪҪĳ̶ȣ˼ҵһ˽Ź߻Ա׫˸оһĶģ
շᣬһ֪ĴݣҲǶԹжӷǳ
񿴵ľȻԱţЩֵĿ˿ĵƼߣ㲻Ǹٵҵİɣ
ŵǲ˼ҵ
ЩĿշᣬԼоҲûʲô취
ȻվˣǾ˵ѾҪڸշˡ
Ǻǣ˼ˣͷȲպҪǮɣػΪѪ
շЦı¶ԼݻҪһЩġ
ʡЩ˶Ľ棬ԼоЩ¡
ͦģϰҲҧ֮žôģһ
Ҳʵʵ˵ȻѾôˣൽʱȥ˵ûŰɣ
ƼߣҾ͸оЩˣٲɷøٵĺúõģΪʲôҪأǲҪɷң
շῴģҲЩʵ
ҡҡͷ˵ʵΪλղŵľٶ
ʲô˼
շЩƵĿģȻĵôģ
΢΢һЦղλһԸǸּŵٶʱҸоЩѪڣҾѪԵ׻ˣԲЩýϱġ
Щý壬ֱϹշӰбҲûʲôſԲɷõġֻȥǢ̸һϷѡ
շЩĺܷУ
ŵʵҲ֪Ҳûа취Ƶ˵
ʵԭרҵĵһѡǱӣ
ӵż̫ˣƸ¼ȡзǳƷ  ûп֮½½Ŀ˵طϵһЩֽЩߺŵʵ̫̫ˡ
ûбֻܹһССأһǣ  ԭĳԲϣҲûа취飡  ˣҿѾͷҲһˬˣͲƽˣշЦЦҸˣԺʲôҪæң
շݸһƬĵгһľϲ
׿ҲЦŵôʺϸɼҵɣ
ЦŵȷЩ̫ʺϣҵרҵҲҵİãղǴӹЩ˵ʵ̫˧ˡǰҿɲԺŵĸҿ϶ڱˡ
ǺǣƬô׿ʵ
Ŀף֪ΪʲôҪĺ룡
ЦŵʱȻҲܹ뵽㰡Ժʲôأʱһڶ죬
ллллľڿЦܹʲôŰ  ˼һƬ⣬ôҲܸ˰ɣ




468Ͷұŵ
 

һ·˵˵Ц˸֮Ϥ֮ͻ֣ᷢʵѷǳļ򵥣
շݣͨ˿϶øǾǸˣ  շԼʵûô뷨ʲôʲʵĶǳ  ֻЩʱȦӲͬǿڶѣ
ЩʱԸˣǾͶˣ  ղװԼһշ˽ʵҲûʲô  ڿһԵģշҲСƿȥ  Ը滹һֵԸ񣬰Ůǽ˱Ƚϵϲ
˼ҿԼͰӹǼ˳ͻ֮ıԼݣҲǶԼһأ  ֮ȱĲǻ
Ըȥһˣô˶ӦҲģ  ɻʮСʱĳ;棬ǵִLD  Ӣ׵Ͽգһ  ղŷɻ˲ٵĵطԿԸоóһɹǿϢ
ԭ֪Уʹһôܹ׻˹ϵĴᲢأ  ɵʹһصʱȻֲˣ  ֲõ궫ĴսȻռҲǴġ
Ȼչʱ䲻㳤ǵĻȴǳĺãкܶ඼ȡ˶ľ
˻֮״īշһˣ
СְҪʹ˱˰
շЦŵ׻֮ĹϵǱȸҪκεʱҪһˡ
ţһҲЩҪȻع֮پۣƼأ׿ʵ
ʼȻɷòʲôţҾߴͻȥɣʱʵûţӦáӦҲôİɣʵڲеʱһ£
˵ɣʵ⹤ôĺأ
ѾǸڴѧʱ緢Ůˣ֪֮ʲô̬ů
˵ڵλ侺Ҳ൱ļҵģ
һ㲻һĶĻľ;¸ڲԶˡ
Ҫĸɼ¾¸ڵĻʱҲҪˣ
ʵ
ЩʵȦӲ󣬴Ҽ̧ͷͷ  кܶʱ򣬺üͬʱһ˵ҲУͿ˭ãܹĵһЩĿĶˡ
ĵţ棡  ĲǷ
ҵΨһľǾԵţôţƣ  Ҫûţֻܹÿŵнӣ  շῴ˿Цŵû£ĸҰɡ
ŵҿɲ뺦㣡ҡҡͷǵģȻ൱еġ
ʵĿշĻĻԺһµˡ
ʱʲôܹΪ죬ǸʱԴǿ϶ģ
ļȻѾڸշᣬôȻҲܽշλˣ
շĿ˿ĵ㲻һû뵽⣬׻ְҵ԰Ǻǡ
Ƽ˵ҲԣŵôŪʲôųĻǡҲЦŵ
շҪȻɣҲСƿֶɣ
ŵʵҾúܼ򵥣Цŵ㲻˵Ҫ̸һϷӦҪ̸ԱɣҸղһϣǹ֪ĵ֮һ
ԭ׼ܵģշ̾һҾͲ˽ˣСƸҵĸоҲǲġһͲˣշỹһߣ
ͷ˼£û뵽Լһʱĳ嶯ȴԼôĺô
ЦŵͶԺƼҪǻ˵Ļʱû׼ܸŵôأݻ
ҲԣСӺʹշЦЦСưղСңɣһҵⲿϷûж⹫һҾ̸Աģ̸ˣʱļƬ
ŵ⡭ⲻΪ𣿡
ʵһĿϲԸˡ
շĵ仰ҲΪĸ˵ΪҿѾܺˣҪģȻĻҾ͸㷢Ҳһ𣿣ֻǱǸء
ҲǵͷǰƼߣҸоһ֮ӦÿǻһһĹ
ţԺһῼǵģллŵллĳһ˾һ
ЦЦԵʶҲѣûбҪôĿŵԸҵͦϲġ
һļ
˼ҸԼʵĺշվһЩԱġ
ϾֻһССļ߶ѣշᵹʲôͶұѣ  ׺շᡢķֵ˺Ųͬķˣ




469ֺ׵ĸ
 

Ӣּ޹˾  Ӣװ뵺Ӱִý˾ǩԼڶƵĸֺǣ  Ӣ֣ʵϾ൱Щڶǵľ͹˾һ㣬ÿ׬ȡ˸߶ɣ
ⱾһͶʣ  ȣǰӢǩԼһ֣Ϊĸ˼ײĳ
ȫ˵Ҳ൱Ļ𱬣˵һ˵Ƿǳһ˻ӭġ
У
ʺԼΪԼʹһ˵ĳĻȫֵܱġ
ʹһˣҲÿûȥ˭Ƕʹһɣ
ʹһأǻὫʹһ˸ߣ
׽磬ҲûǸҪĸϾɱ  ĶʹһһֱڰУû´һȥأ˭ûأ  ҲΪ˵֮ܵ׻Ǳȥ׷ɱġ
ֻû뵽ⲻȥãһȥֱӾͳ˱˵ˣ  һθûлصDμ壬շתӢףߣ
˵ҪʥŮöʹһĿȨҲǼ
ʵϣȻʵ츳ǳĲʹһϵ֮£ĵλҲǱȽϵĵ͵ġ
󲢷μĵϵҪȻĻͽĲ㣬ȥƹʲô׽ˣ  ׽Ĳҵμĸ߲УûûʲôǻںЩ
ǼμŵĶ³һλ֮Ȼһ̬Ĺ׽飡
ԭαҲЩƣɶ˵˵ʲôǾʲô  ֮ǰ׻ƵͶһȻ³ҪͶʵĻǾͱҪͶʰݲðԥ  ֳ»ҪչӢ֣  ʵչӢֵҪĿֻһǾΪȿǣû⣡
ʵνˮǴߣʹ
Ҫ֪츳ڵˣҲ׼׼ʹʹôĺŪأ  Ψһξܹõ˵ʹͣ  ھҪδѸźˣǸʱǺܿģ  ӢֱμչϢҲһȳ  ΪҵͲͬһҵ  һеҵͷҵȻܹȥչһֲҵ˷׷׶ڲ²μſʼŶԪչһ־  ֻʼٸߵĸӢֵĶ³칫ҺŲ裬ôȥЩأ
Ӣ֮͸о˸ĴڣŸķ͹ȥˡ
˾Ҳ˵ص㣬ͽָŵķ򿪣Ҳһƣ  ȵӢֵſڣ˾ŷԭһﵽĵطȻôԵı־Խ  ͳ˵绰ֱӴ˸󣡣
˿¥ϺŲ裬ֻ֮ҲһƳ  ׵ĵ绰ʱǷ˹ȥֻ
ˣôԴ绰ˣ
ʮֵĿţ˵绰ʱҲһļ
ЦŵӢף
ⶼ֪Щ𾪵ʵ
׹һֵôͲ֪أھ¥ء
ˣǿЦİɣôҵ¥أҡҲǸ찡
𾪲ѣȻǲ̫Ѿǵط
濴˹ȥʱǵϤӰѾǳǰ  ҪôҪôȥЦŵ
ˣҪȻȥʵ
׵ˣһԼȥɣžˣ
״绰֮󣬾ͳӢֵܲ˹ȥطһʽİ칫
Ѿ˰׸ӹˣȻܶ˶֪굽˭
εĶ³ȷ˼ˣǿ϶Ƕ³Ѱ
ܿ죬һ𷢱۵ŮӵĴ£Ÿİ칫˹ȥ  Ӣֶ³칫ң
칫ҵȷɷǷLDУһһ˾Ȼٶƽ˰칫ңֻݳˡ
СӵǸμŲǸеôڸˣЩƵʵ
һֵⲻΪΪԺõһڻݣҲΪ˼ߵ鷳ҡ
СĵͦܵģҺܸˣЦŵ
ˣֻҪ˾ͺãЩԸġһƨ˦˹ȥ
ΪĿ˿Ȼжһ˿ףЦŵ˿ҶΪƷƷƷͼƷ⼸֣һһƷ˿ס
Ʒˮˣʵ˿˶Щ
Ҫ֪ڶǶȱ֮ﰡû뵽һ־ȻͳһƷ
׳⼫Ʒ˿ף徳ǿߵĽȻˣⶫҲûƵõġ徳£ߵģ
徳ʮʹ´̼𣿣
𺳣ֱǻֻҪЩ̬Ǿûİ




470׵Ľ
 

Ȧͨ죡  ж
μôʱ䣬ƨҲû̵кö϶Щĵϵ
ɸż죿Լ׽һЩ΢˳һ㣬ɶҲûó
˾ȻֱӰõĶԼ˸жܹʲôأ
Ѿ˵ˣ˵˿ԸԼҲԲԼ
ⶼǿ˺벻ã͸ԼôһݺиоԼܵ˼ӣ
⻹û꣬ڸ׼һƨ˦ȥʱ׵оȻ˺ü
׿˿һΪСӻòҲͦҵİ⼸͸㣬ϣܺúմﵽ´̼𡭡
´̣ЩĿĿ˿ף´̼ǰ붼һ飬ʵˣ⡭⵽ʲô
Ӧʺã̺ŵľǾõĹ֮ЦŵǾģʵԭöһġ
ʥ𣿣𾪵Ŀʵ
ʥ
ҲЩƵķʵ֪ڶǾͽʥ  ˣǿеʥǿеһ˼ģϽ
ЦŵӦþˣһ¡
ӹǱʥ֮ҲЩ΢΢ʥһ˲䣬оһۻʥڣ
ʥһ൱õְҲʶ֮ˣûгԹ⻹ûм  
󳹵׵ļڿַ֮ĵغͳݸȻ
û뵽Լ˲жصȻʥ
ǿ
ʵ̫ǿ˰  ׿ŸЩҩӦ㹻´̼ˣҲҪ̫и
ˣллһݵ˵׸Ķʵ̫̫ˡ
ΪǸռĿܹռĿܽĻ˭Ըأ  ҿʲôݸһЦأ
ˣȳȥݳˣ֪ô͹
ҿҲĵ׽ˡ׳
Цŵˣһհ죡
һҴӶܵʹһ廹żɼΪǿϢģƺѹϢ׳
ѹϢ֪ܲʹһǽ̻ʼģ
еĽ̻ʼʵϲǴ˵е龳  ֲʹһ˵͵Ͷ߿ս  ʵϣĶ֮Уǿ֣߳  ȻˣҲǿߺ٣ʱǿз
龳Ҫô㹻İԼҪô㹻İնɽٷһ㶼൱ĵ͵ģ  ǺǣĿǰûʲôϵ
׺͸ʼһֵ죡
ʱһһţҲģüϸĿǰ൱˷ܣ  ˣҪȻƷһӢ׵ζЦŵ
Ҳ£ߣȥһƣҲЦŵ
Ӣֵſڣ
շԭҲ׼ȷֵģԭշǸȴΪʱˣ
շư黹˵ģֱǿˣ  ֪ӵĻˡ
շԻǱȽϵĴȻֻʲôĲ̫Ϥû˹Ȼջ𣬿ȴ̫  ΪͶʷˣҪΪͶʷˣǾЩòʧˣ
շӢֵſڣȴ֪ԤԼ˾ȻˬԼˣ  ŵô죿
Ҳ̾һͷ黹ǲ  ׻ƵĻŵǾ˴ӵĳ棬Ӣףȴоŵƣݶͦʵġ
ģһΪ˰¿أûһ׵ģҪȻɣСƣҶƵꣿ
շҲЩˣ˶ʲô˰Ҳֻܰ̾Լʵǲǿ
ȻԼ׻Ƶ㹻󣬿Ӣףûʲô˰̲ˣ  һĹԼѾĵǰ˶ˣ  ף
泯ӢֵܲշǱš
շῴ˿ĵĸ
תͷȥʱȻ׾Ȼǵķ˹ȥ
ʵ׿ǵʱҲЩ֣ԭѾֿļˣû뵽ӢһεĻˣ
ʵϣΪշʲôͶ̵˹ԼĻҲܱôൽӢ֣
С֡ô⣿
״Ӣ߳շЩĿǰ׺һԵĸ




471۵ľ
 

ǸոεӢֵĶ³һշӢֵʱϯ  Ϊʲôţ˻ôһ˿˿ԿҲ͵ûп
˵ŵ֪˳·һЦŵԷûУ
ûأ˵̫ĲˡԼ̸ƬӵģһﾹȻˬԼˣ
շƵ˵Ҫ֪¶̸˵ģû뵽Լ֮Ȼˣ  £
֮Ҳǻһ£»˵ġ
ʵǲôȤֻΪûа취飡
˭׿շʵ
֮һǩԼ˾ȴǺӢ֣һͶ̷ҪһҲûа취ˬԼĻͶʿ¶ˣ
շҲͷ̾һԼĵӰڻûء
壡
շĵ绰һµ绰̽ǿ˵˵ģô˵Ծͱأ
֪Ӣףɣ㵽LD150ŰɣҾ
ƺԥһ£ջ˵Լڵĵط
ʵϣ߻һ˾վԱߣѾ֪շһĿģ  ȻˣۻһԭͨշһεͶⲿӰΨһ£  ȵϢľˣɱһľͰϢ£
ڵ൱е  ֪ˣϾ͵շLD֣150ţʲôطҲ˵֡
շЩƵ˵ƺôĺ  ЦŵطȥһҷʽţŲζŶ
׿˿λҵѣгİɣ
УȻУһ׵ѣ̬Ҳ൱Ŀ
ܿ죬ȥһλǿһ·ʤ  г̫˰Сְû뵽ҲӢֹշ˸·֮ǳ

Ҳö׻ԵģǻظͦģϾ˵Ѳǣ  ԭ˰˵ûмأϯڲ˰շЦʵ
ϯȥAˣЦŵ
ˣôСҲֵϯշỹһҪӵˡ
ղĵĸǰʵǶЩ̫ɾһЩҲҪַͨԼӸ
ӻ治ԼҪܹĻģǸ²Լһ  ʽ
׵˽ʱ⼸ӭ֮˻൱Ŀġ
ܿͿ¥һ˳շ֣շ̧ͷһȻ£
Ҳǳ֣Ȼȥˣ  ¥϶ǰᣡ  ˸׻ʵҲ࣬ܶʱ̸ϲѡЩط
ЩʱǹһҪţţҪҲܹһ磡
³ǷǳӢ˧ȫ緶ΧڵʵҲ൱ĸߵġ
ԱߣһӿշЦŵû뵽ôˡ
շû˵ҵѣǿ̸̸˰ɣ֮ǰͨʼľ籾𣿡
籾൱ĺãɫʺ͸Ӣ壬һġ΢΢һЦԵúʿ
շῴ˿µҲҸ˾ǳʺɫһεƬѾܸļˣһǧ𣡣
һǧNONONO̫ῪЦˣµƬûеֵڹһǧ𡭡
ԱߣǸ΢΢ҡҡͷƺ۸񲢲⡣
շῴһﾹȻۣЩ˵ǵ̸õģɲԶŰ
ĴҲ˽⣬һεͶ̰˹˾Ҳ˽⡭ԱߵľЦһ
ԭۣһǧļ۸ѾܸˣҲӦ֪ģһǧĻǾǲܵģҪȻӰƬԤ׽ˣʱĲʲôõƷ
շƵĿ˵
ǾͲǵĿǷΧ֮ˡµľ
һһﾹȻҵ˵ѣҲǳҪŵģһûгŵԶò˵صģ
ιϼҵǰߺģµľһQˣҲվȻ̸ҹȥ̡
ȷڹȥ
סˣԼֵһԱȻԼϰȥ




472ƶ˵շ
 

۾ǰºǸˣ
ʵҲܹºˣչӢֵٶʵ̫ˡ
ºľûмʵûм˴ڣ  Ӣֵܲ棬ûмҲڣ  ԭҪһʱ֮ˣҲû뵽⼸ĹԼ˾˰ɣ  һпɶհ
˭ײˣ˲ģȻˣҲܼķΧ֮ڵġ
ҵȻȷ̸ҹȥǣͳͳҹȥǵļ۸ѾˣӦʹӦӦ
ǸЦһȻӢµ˺;ˣ  ҲҪģȻˣĺͬǸӢǩԼֳɣ˭µأ
Ӣָṩƽ̨ǷչģʵҲһֱͶʶѣ  շһҲ˵ȻǹզΣϷզΣҲⲿϷˣȻһǧҪ ǾһǮҲҪ
ΪҲ֪ѾͶǩЭˣʱҪǻԼĻҪ⳥ɣ
Ǹ¶һ˿ĵЦݣһԶշӣ
㡭
ԭշҪ̼һˣܹû뵽˾Ȼβ
һֱĸоǿǰԵˣ
һԵҲ¶һ˿ݣʦ  ȻҲշ̸˳ڿ̸ƺѾ˽֡
ŵҪȻڿǿǣȰο˵ҲǸշһ̨²ǣ
׿˿ǾЦһܶ𣿡
ߣһ׻˸Ӣ˱ǮȻ࣬ɶǿҲ٣
Ǹƺܿ׻Ƶӣ˵⻰Ҳһֱӡ
ڿʼ±Ӣַɱ
ɱ
һû뵽˾Ȼĸǰ˵ĻɱֵʱҲΪĽţ  Ҫ֪κһ˵Ӣֽ糬ĸǶҪùģ  ˼ҿǮȻҲǮˣ
ӢΪȫֹ˾֮һʵӹɵģ
ƾ㣿Ǹ˲ʶмܴӢ𣿼ֱǿЦ
ߣȷĸ㣬㱻ˣǲм
㡭㵽˭
ǸƺҲɵӣһܹ˵ֻҪôɵӣҪôĺţ  ܹһ˻ɵ
θ󣡣
³
Ǹ˺ûһϵʿˮŸЩ𾪣  θȻûпˣЩӢһ˭
ǾθӢֵĶ³
ǿҵμŵĶ³۾˵Ѿһǧʲô  ҿɲĶ³ΪѾˣ
һԵշĶסˣշᣬǿŹһĿŸ  һǶ³ô𾴵ģշôҲû뵽һﾹȻǶ³  һӢֵĶ³ʲôడ  ʿˮŵҡûɣ
һЦЦθǰ׻ƵʱʶһѣҲǸո˵չӢ֣ˡ
֡ǸİշʱҲССֵĺˣںĶˡ
ʼң׻СѣԺҹ˾ʽҵû׼ŵȥŪһأ
һһи³ѣȫĴǼһ仰鰡շʿˮԴʵ̫ḻˡ
û뵽ԼڷɻʶһˣȻ˵ţƣ
˿շᣬ֪˸Լ˵ʲôϵǸղ˲˵ѣ  ЦŵǸͶ̲УҾͶʣµԱô
棿
շоԼЩҪĽ࣬ҪµԱԼĻ̫ˬ˰  Ӣ֣ǿƼŷڶһǰ  ټ㹻ԤĻǼֱĳһ֮˰
뵽ߣշһƶˡֵĸо  һԵЩҲоԼһ㣬ԭΪշоţĲţˣ
ʱ׸Ҫ绰ʱֻӣ
ŷ֣ţȥôĵ͵  Ȼˣ֡أЩֺõĿʵ
ЦЦⶫҲԼ̸ͺˣŵѣҪչ˾չһЩɣ
û⣡
һָ൱ĺðΪоԼһγɹԼ˿ˣ
ٿһԵ£ԭɫ˿ǾֱӾͲڵˣ
һʱһ
ûôͬģһﱾͲʲô࣬ҪڳĻְܹһϵˣ  ֻ߸ǽѾǷǳĿˡ




473Ҫ
 

շӢ֣
˿̵ĸоԼһűص棬Ҹרһ£ǶǺɵ飡  رչˣ֪Ǽߵ֮ǸȨ  ȻˣһжΪֺײôģ
׽һ飬Ҳν飬˭㲻Ƿأ
շӢѾۣ
İ칫ң
Цŵŵѡ𣿡
ҲĵĺܣҪʱֲܹ.  շῴ׼˵ܰһˣǲ֪ϯס
ŴݣҶ˵ˣܵǾҵѣֻҪҹ˾µˣǻð
ʥЩȣʲôأ
ⲻǱģǾֺ׵ˣоԼڻ³˸ɾ
շἤץŸֵÿɲͰ
ʲôðɣӰͶʾˣʱŵ㹤𣿡
ɴҲһλ˵ʡ߷
շҲǼ޻˵ˣ׿ǼӣҲЦŵⲿϷûŮ
ŮŮ׼ðȡշῴЦŵ
ȣһߴӰǣǿǾԵĴư
ҵһ뷨ðŮţһѣܲܰһˣЦſշ͸  ˣ˵ŮһţðȵŮţշʿˮʵ
ôˣ𣿡׿շЦʵ
շ΢΢һ̾ǴֱʰȴӳһϷ֮󣬿ɴûеŮôһ˵ðȵǣҲ̫һɣ
ô˵ɣԺҲƷˣֻڲ죬ЩЩʴƺĻӦܹĿһЩɣ
׶ҵ˽⣬ڲ˽ϵܹġ
κһҵģҪҵڰμ⣬ͱҪӽҵõһȺˣ
Ҳǿ˿ЦŵܣҪһ̫ˣҪȻң
Цŵѧأ
һѧרҵԿڰɣѶ̫ˣշ
ǺǣϷѧԺģרҵǶԿڵģЦŵᣬʱһؽʱҸŵϵ
һԵЩ𾪵˵ܣǰ޹˵鰡ôһߴһ൱ˣû뵽ŮȻ׻ƵģǺܺ䶯ĴŰ
շҲ̾һֹʱǾĴˣ룬һĶܹдˣеǶд
׵ͷҿһ׶Ƽû¾ʹߣŪһЩƵרãʱȥԼרˣˣԼӦҲûİɣ
Ҳһļ
շῴ׵ɣܣؽʱҪȻһȥλŮ
׿շЦŵţʱϵģ
շῴ˿׵ܰЩȷҿһҲҪ׻ˣ
ҪȻڴ죿Цʵ
ҲЩ˵ҪȻŵҸһȥɣ
շҡҡͷżɶôԴ㾹ȻҪȥȡȡ
ҾϰǱ߲ҡеĵ˵
շû˵Ѿͷ㶺ˣôרƵʲôģˣ㳴
ЦŵƼ߾ߴһɣ
һ׵Ļ̵ϵ˸С㰲סʱҪȥĻһᶨר̵ķɻƱģ
ܡ
ĵг˸мʵϽҪм׵Ŀɲһˣͬʱշᣡ
Ƕ֪ΪߵĻһεӢ֮УͲô˳ˣ
շҪлףĸҪлף
û׵Ļ˵пܴӢʧ飡  ضˣշᣬڿ˵Ҫ۷ĸоˣ
һߴƣ
ʲôʱйĴţƵĵݣҲһɣ
ڹһߴƵǣֱĸо
ҲǷǳļʵһιҲǸıˣԺƴҲôĵˣ
շˣҲˣ  ˴Цˣ˵һεӢ֮лջķġ




474һͳ磡
 

׾ʹӢֵܲҲڵȴȵĵ
ڸ˵Ҳ֪ʹһ嵽ʲôط  ֮ǰʹȣȸһôһʹһ嵽ʲôطأ
Ȼʱֱİ칫Ҷ  ĹԼҲû뵽ȻİӢָˡ
ʽϢʱ棡
һλһʱ䣬ͳ˸ķ䣬Ҫʸ
ʵϣҲ֪ôΪãΪʹһˡ
˭ỳʹһȥһʹһأⲻЦ  ƿ˸Ĵŵʱȴһ𾪵Ӱ
㡭㡭
ȿվڸĸǰʱ˸оЩȣ  ԭȿ˵ҪӢ׾һЦ  Ҫ֪ʹһ壬ǶǾĥѵģ  ܶʵһЩҪʹһǼֱǲܡ
Ҫ֪ⶫĸұͷǳĴڼⶫ籾ͷս
ĺ´̼𼰶徳ǿǸԷġ
Ȼ֪׺ܹܿôʹһǿĸ簡
ڣ
׾Ȼö˶˵վǰȥ͸һѰվǰһ㣡  ֪׺ţĻԼһͨվԼĸǰ
˾Բʲôǿߣ  ڵѾ׼ʮʹˣڱ֮ǰǳ൱š
Ҫ֪׼ʮʹǾһֻѾ̤˺´ˣ
´൱ѵģʹһ˴´̼壬ʵҲǸƵģ
˵´ܹ̾һ壬ۣ  μĳǵ·˼Ǻ´̼ڵ
ʵһЩѾǽ׼ʮʹˣ
׿˿ҲЦŵȺþòһΪҵĳŵģ
֡ôߵİʵ
˿ЦŵʥŮ˵ʵܹõģԺͻ֪ˣ
ڵĸѾΪʵķ˿˭Ҫ˵ײûʲôĻǵһվ˸ˡ
ЦŵˣϻǾͲ˵ˣڿԸ˵һ˵ʹһ𣿡
ˣĴ㡭û뵽׾Ȼ˵Ĵ󵨣Լһ˾ܹˣ  ʵ϶ʹһ壬Ҳʲôطȥɣһܹ˵ҪһͳʹһǲЩ̫˰  ׵ͷҵĿԶֹڴˣȻѾʵԵĺ׶ΣҲͲҴˣ˵Ŀǳļ򵥣Ǿһͳ硣һжڲֶѡ
һͳ磿ˣʥʹ𣿡Ŀס
ȸųһO͵Ŀʵǡʵ̫̫ˣ
ǲҪף˵Ļʵ̫ΰˣ  һͳ磡
˵ʵ׻ûкʲô͸ԼĿ꣡  ʵ˵һͳֻΪ˸õѡ˲ţյĿʲô  Ϊɱ磬Ϊ̫幬һϯ֮أ  ڶ˵СС綼ܹͳһĻ㻹̸ʲôȥɽ粻ȥɽģ  ȥأ  ĿȺ͸ǼֱǲɵǳԾҲǷǳģ  ţڶ˵ܿţɵǳΪ̻ʼǿأΪʱҵĻһ̻ʼǿ߲Ǿʮʮ
⻰˵ļֱǸײһͷǿô  ֮ǰһĲܹõЩҼʶ˵ǿ󣡻ܹʹһôǿļ֮дӶʹһ壬ʥŮѲ㲻˵ʵǿ𣿡
ڽ߾ȫĴףȻˣǷԼĵʵĸܣ
ʹóһʥ˵ɣ⼴ǽ̻ʿҲ̫ܵģ  ŸĻҲ̾һʵ˵Ҳԣ֡
ҿ㺰ŤģֱӺ׾ˣûôƣЦŵ˵ôܣҲӦ˵˵Ƕʹһ˰ɣǺĻ
ô֪ûи˵ʵأЩ𾪵Ŀףһĺ⡣




475¶ʹһ
 

Բס
ȵгǸ⣬ʵ˵Щ鲢ʲôֵý飡
ʹһʥŮϵȷǷǳĹʣʵıȴ൱ᣡ
ȣ֮ǰûиô˵ΪҾ֮仹ΣҲҵĳ⣬Ŷʹһһܺõδģ
ģҲʵܹŶʹһµԻ͡
ȻˣԼĿģʹһҪ棬Ҫһͳ磡
ʵ֮䲢ͻһͳһ֮ô鲻˳Ȼ
ȿĭʵǶʹһʥŮǲһһݣǾҵĸ׺ĸǶʹһĺ´̣
ĺ´̣üʵ˼ڲˣʲô𣿡
Ϊʲôصʹһ壿ΪѾûҵ֮ˣ
ȵɫÿ̸ʱԸоЩ䣡
Ϊĸĸʵ
ȵͷǵģҵĸĸ񻹱ڶʹһܲνʥŮһ߶ѣ֮ǰץǸˣʵϾߵˡ
ô˵ʥŮڲˣЦʵ
ɫͨ˵ⲻҵһݶѣʱҲҪƭģû뵽Ȼôǿʵҵʵô࡭
鰡  ǶʹһʥŮȷǲ٣ʹһʥŮҲֵλĸߵǲǣ
ĵλʵǵµĺܣʹһ嶼ǳѰ
ϾĸĸѺڶʹһĴΣ
ĸĸΪʲôᱻʲôǡЩʵ
ʹһѾĵزѲǻҪȨ  ȳʹһĴ´̼壬ʵʹһİ˴´̼ʵ൱ңȿΰĶʹһ´̿ĵϵˣ
û뵽ȾȻǿĵϵ⿭嵱ȷҲǴļ尡ҲЩ̲ס̾Ϣ˵
׿˿ôˣ
Цŵʹһʹһ忪սĿ峤һӲλʹһĺ´̼峤һʱʹһ尡
ҵүү
Ϊ̧ͷѾΪĽ
׳
ȵͷΪղŸ˵飬̻⽫λôҵүүǱүүܾˣٺүүʹһΧˣ󡭡
ʹһҲǹҪİһ򲻹һԵĸΪε˵ǸǸҲֻܹʱүү̫ˣ
ȳ֮ͷǳļˣүүΨһ֧ߵ֮Ҹ׺ĸ׾ͳΪһο峤Ҹ׵ʵүү໹൱ԵģЩ˾۸ҵĸס
ѹĸ⵹Ҳץ㸸ʲô˼ЩĿʵ
ȳһжΪʥŮĳƺţҲ֪ʹһ岢û쵼ߣʹһͶʹһĴս֮У̻ʲ䡣ͱ̻ʴ˶ΪʥŮΪǵж
ˣʥŮ˵Ӧδʹһ˰ɣ
ȻҲ֪ƣĻ⿭ԲܳΪʸ֮ĵģ  һҵĸ˱ΪĶĿǰĶʹһʵϾӪһǻΪ׵һ޶ͰˣҵĸǱڻڵΧ֮ڡ
ȵгһ˿˿ϣҪ֪꿭켫һʱΪ峤ĸΪԼΪūۣ  ѲҪȥ
Ȳ룬ûʵΪԼܳȥĻͱ˸Ĩˣ
ڿνڼзˣʹһ˿֮⣬嶼ǲŮȾָʹһ壡
ȣĿˣһվȥǸ˰ɣЦŵ
ȳĺҪӪҵĸĸʵ̫ΣˡôóȻǰȥĻпܻһٲĵز
׺ٺһЦˣҪȻҴ˰ǰֻĳ棿
׿ŸЩû˵СʵʵĴ
ˣ㲻ȥƵĿףôܲԼȥأ  ׿˿ʹһҪ˶ʹһ壬ѲΪʹһ岻Ҫʹһ֮ĳޣΪһСС׼ʹȥ˼ҵѻܻŻ
һ뵽Ҳǻһ£Щε˵һǺúɡ
ɫأǸˣΪʼջһ˿˿ϣ




476ҵĿ
 

  ӢױһǳƫƧСǳСȥƽСӣ
Ϊط̫СҺоƫԶŹ֮⣬פص˶ûУ  ˿̵ϣȴվһŮվһƬ֮ϣԵΪĹ죡  طͨʹһˣȷҪȥ𣿡Щȷʵ
߰ɣ
΢΢һЦûеȵȷӦѾһĨط  һ˲ĹΪ֮һ䣬˿ٿʱȴѾǻһ棡  ȾֵĿףоһĲ˼飺ôģ
ʵ벻ͨôƺʮΪʲôһģôأ
Ҫ֪ǶʹһܲԼ֮ˣܽġ
Ȼˣһְ취Ǿƻ֮󣬿ԴһԪռ䣡  ֻҪƻʹһܲʹһĽ̻ʹҲδܹõ
ȻףԶļһȻö֮Ľˣ  Ȼ൱ŵĴԼһⲻǳô
ЦЦһ󷨶ѣ󷨵Ļ׻ǵڣСҷַӸŪ
ҲĲǴţƣҪ֪Ҳ󷨵ĸ֣Ȼ˵ţȴҲ൱ţˡ
С󷨣ڵ˵ֱСƣ
˵ģе󷨶һ𣬿Ҳ׿һ۵ģ

һҲ̫һɣҪ֪ʹһܲķҲֹʹһķģ  ҿǻ°ɣ㸸ĸʲôطӦ֪ɣЦʵ
ȿ׵ҿǲαװһ£ĻֻҪǸ˾ֵܹʱ򡭡
ʼ磬ȻһεóԼĶҺ磬Һɲһ֣
ֻҪ뱩¶ԼĻǻϾǲܱ¶Լġ
һװ磬ʱЩʹһĸԣΪܶʹһ˶װ磡
ͦôµİ
ЩĿ˵ŵû뵽ⶫܹš
ȶƺǳϤһ·ϵͷԼķ򼲳۶ȥ  壡  ʹһĺż壬Իһʱ
ĿǰһƬԭڳǱϵļңѾʧ  ļ塭
һλص˶ʹһʱ˸оһһַĵĸо
ԼҲû뵽Լܹ˶̵ʱһεĻصԼļء
ʹһܲѾǱƣԭĴ´̼壡
ͻͬһƬ򣬺´γ˶ʹһĺģ
ĿʼĴˣ𽥵ıǿ  ΪԴڻ϶Ǳ¢ϣ
ҿǻǽȥɣӦþ㳤ĵطɣ׿ȵȦЩӣҲʵ
ǵģҴС󳤴ĵطΪҵĸĸץڻһǵĹɡ
Щ΢΢ҡͷ̾ϢȻĴǷǳĴġ
׺ȻĽ˿ĳǱ֮ڣ
ž
һƤ޳򼡷׺ȵĶ֮УԵǸĴ̶
ȥɣȻҵҵһۣ
Ƥ޵ǸŮӿȥŰĺܣڵϵλ˸һͬĶûУ
ȹֻڿǸ˱һ֮󣬸оһĳʹ
ȿҸҶ죿
˵꣬һ˾ӣ
žžž  ƺڿл죬ŸоһͷƤ飡  ˿ڿȵԱߣЩԭŵһȳ˹ҲĬĬĵͷ  ͬͬ壡  ȻһԵһ
˹塭
ȿԼһεı򣬿оԼƺΪֻܹڰпǰЩˣ
ʶЩƵĿȣ
˹ǼǰϹܼңû뵽ȻֶŮ۸ȳ治ȥȡ
Ȼ˵ĻΪʲôأ΢΢һЦ㲻Ҫĸĸ㿭ĴӪ᲻ĻѲĸĸ𣿡
ǡ
ڵĵĶܶ࣬ѲҪԿ  ԥ֮ʣֻһԵѾʧˣ




477׼ʮʹ
 

ܲ  ȵѾŵĻ棬˵ֱһּ谡  Ϊļ̳ˣΪʹһʥŮ
ȻҪ͵͵ĻصԼļ壬صǸԭӦԼأ
ȿʧڸǰҲǼæĳŲ˹ķ򼲳۶ȥ
ɵһ̣ȴ˲ˣ

һƣҿ˿ûп׵ӰһʮֵĻң
Ѿ·ˣŶҲӹһ˿˿ĺ⣡
ʥŮˡ
˹һ֮ƺһ𾪺Ͳ֮У
Ϊ˶ʹһʥŮǸСɰĹȿ  ˹壬𣿡
ȿŲ˹һۣҪ֪˹ʵڿȥӦǱˡ
úúãʥŮôˣϽ߰ɡ
˹ҲһĽҪǱ֪Ļʱ߲ˣ
˭֪ڵʲôӵģѾǳ׵ʧȥ  Ϊȵĸĸû㹻ɱĻѾôļˡ
Ȼ  Ůǻ峤˻ֶŮҲǱ˳֮ΪС֮һ
ܲһα˻ʹ͸ȻΪ  пˣΪȵūͣ  ȺȴС;Ƚϵļңһֱ֮Ÿһ䣡
쵱ȿ֮Ҳд𾪺Ͳм
𾪵ǣû뵽ʧôʱȾȻˣ
мǣһȻҲһѲĲԼ˸նɱ
ʹһ¶ȣ׽粢ǵĿ꣡
Ȼˣʹһˣڻǲҳȥģ  Լ׽ҡڵĴ˼ʱˣҲû¶  ʥŮˣȿһ˿Ĳм治֪̻ʴô츳ô˵ġѾ׼ʹʹһУҲǼΪ㣬ƾʲô˻ʥŮ
ȣҵˣռҵأΪһŹ𣿡Ȼڿף֪ӦþԱ߲ԶĵطԼ
ԼһοҲ˵أ  ˿̵ֻһ뷨ǾǾĽǰ鷳ҲҪԼļȽȳȥ˵
ߣֱ
أ
ȵΧһŰХԭĵطһƬڣ
˿ٿȣ˺ѾǳԳ򣡣  ܿ죬һ԰Ӱֵĳһεĳȵ
׼ʹ㻹û̹ɣ
üͷһ壬ȭͷѾǴΧĿȵǰֱȥ
Сġ
˹һǰľ޲ԼԼСǰ
ȻĸǰǺʥŮģ֪ڼʱһֱΪµģ  ߣһ׼ʹȻҵĸǰ񣿻ΪԼжô˲ôȴ˿̵ļΪı  ѾǴﵽ׼ʮʹĵزʲô
׼ʹ׼ʮʹ֮䣬һǵ蹵֮Ĳ𣬿˵ҪֱӾܰŮ˸ǲˣ  أ
ȹķȽһ֣ǹƺѾʧӰ٣  ʲô
ЩŵĿȣеľ֮ɫĸ˳  㲻ҪҿʵǺðóʵҵҪô۸Ǽ˵ġ
һ˲䣬ƺһˣղŵֱŭתΪʵ  ʹ
ʹ
ʹ
׼ʮʹ
׼ʮʹ峤Ӱ
˹˿ԼСӵϵ츳ʱҲ𾪵Ըӣ
˿ƺҲΪԼļܹŶоһ˷ܣ  ʥŮ츳Ļǽʹһϣ  һߣ  ĽԼʵһ˸оĿĵزʱƺЩһ̱˵ϣ
ΪѹҲû뵽ȵ츳ȻԼǿô Ҫ֪׼ʹѾ츳ߵˡ
׼ʮʹڴﵽ´̼ˣоţ
Ҫ֪ȲŶ󰡣ǱԼҪС˰  ׼ʮʹôܣҳ˻þһǳ˻þɭ˹㻹ŸʲôɱŮˣ
һܵĴ̼Щ૲ĸо
׼ʮʹ  УǼΪˣ  ˿̣ȵֻһ뷨ǾŮˣ  Ů˵ļһ൱ķģ  ȵߣ˿̳һʮµӣȥǳĸߴͣ




478Ӱ
 

ɭ˹  ´̼ĸ֮һȻˣҲܹﵽ´̼˶ܹ֮Ϊ´̣
´ʵҪʹһ̻ܷܹʸġ
һΪ˺ʵﵽʮʹˣǻ϶Ǳ֮Ϊ´̼𣡣
ɭ˹ʮʹ  Ҫ֪׼ʮʹʮʹűʵģ
ʮʹıѾǷ˸Եת䣡
ʮʹ
ȵһû뵽طȻһʮʹ  ɭ˹Ϥģĳǿս֮һ
û뵽ھȻΪȵıˣ  ʥŮ£þòˡ
ɭ˹ƺȻһ˿˿𾴣ƺʥŮݷǳã  ɭ˹£ǽ̻ʥŮڶʹһȺ׵ʱӦҺ𣿿Υ˽̻ʵ־
һʹļ׵ӣ  ɭ˹ʼʥŮˣʵߵһҲûκεİ취ɭ˹ֻ֮ˡ
һ仰͸¶ɭ˹ܶΣƺ鲢Ը
ɭ˹㵽Ҫʲô
Ȼָʥٹ⣬ɭ˹һ˿˿ʥ֮ɫ  ǵλ˴һִ  ɭ˹ʼ˵ʵʥŮˣʱ̫˲ܹһ֮ʧĻҾ͵ûл
ɭ˹ͽȻҪˡȿɭ˹һ
С㣬ʥŮ¿ǽ̻׷ʥŮҶǿ峤ǰҲҪʥŮ¼Ϊ磡
ɭ˹˵ʵڴ֮ͥ£κ˿¶Ҫȵӣ  ˭˼ôأ
˭֪һȴڶʹһĻʱΣ϶ҪеĻҪöö࣡
ʱԼôĶ֪ˣ
ȿɭ˹Ҳأ
ߣ
ɭ˹ȻҲû뵽ȾȻôĲԼӣȻѾ˵Ѿʧˣ  ʱνĵֿʲô˼أ
ʥŮˣǿ߰ɡ
˹ʱλƵĴӺ˳һ۵
ķŲ˹˹壬һҹΪ˼̳ʥŮ֮λŶʹһԻ͵ģ
ƾ㣿Ҹ㣬һͻˣʱҿô֪
һε˷ȻղΪĲˬ  һ뵽ŮһܾҪҪԼͺ
ɱ㣬ʥŮ浱ն
ĽǰһƣһǿѾԼΪģȵķȥ  ʥŮ»治ҵ°
ɭ˹ɫҲǲ̫ÿԼѾԸˣȻҪԼĸǰɱȣʱԼôأ  ִȵֵһ˲䣬Ȼоһɼķ֮  ʥ
ɭ˹һղԲȱ
ʵ֮ǰڶʱ׸ȵĻ˿ף
Ҳ֮ǰ׸û뵽Ȼǳʥ  ΪղȻɭ˹ûжȫҲ൱Ĵˣ  ֮ǰһ˲䣬Ȼˣ  ̿͵ɭ˹¶һ˿һ˿Ī˷֮ɫ
վں棬ô磬ʱҲ֪ԼٲƺϷЩݲȥˣ
ղΪʲôһֱƵǰ̨ʵΪ˵Ŀ⣡
ȻˣһĿԺҪȺ׵һľ͵ûеĻ˭Ҫأ
ʥŮ£㾹Ȼӵʥǲǽ̻ʴԸġɭ˹ϣԽĻ뿪ʹһˣ
ʸ𣿡ȿɭ˹ںȻ˵  ΪಽĳԼķ򻺻
˭
ɭ˹һ˾ȻϢĴԼĸǰ߹ҪȻûκεķ֣
ʥŮ£̻ʴұİȫ
ȥϷǿˣһŵҲ൱ĺ˸棡
Ӱ֣  Ѿ׵һϷˣÿһεϷǳɹģ˸о൱ĵλ
һҲ⣬ֱӴΪµ  ʧٵĽ̻ʴˣһֱǶʹһϣ
̻ʴˣ⡭ôܣ
ɭ˹էһϢʱ,̻ʴĻŵĻҪǿ󣬿Ҫˣ  Ҳסˣ֪׵ģûд  Ȼʱһʲô̻ʣʲôʲô
Ⱥܿı׵˼ҪһӰ  һʵ̫ˣôģ  ɭ˹Ұ׵ɫ仰ĿĻǴﵽˡ




479ûƢɭ˹
 

ܲ
Ⱥɭ˹ʱɫɷףǵ˵Ƿ̻֮ʥŮµʱ˶ЩëȻĸо  ˹һǽ̻ʴǰλǿ߱ȵʱǶǹߺ̻ʴˣ  ߣװŪ
ɭ˹һսʵ̫ˡ
ôǽ̻ʴɹʥŮµأ
̻ʴѾʮ֮ˣ֮ǰʹһĽ̻ʻʱ򣬱˼Ҹǲˣ  ֪˲Ҫ̫డʮȥˣھȻ˱Q˵ҪʥŮ£  Ŀǳӵʱôһأ
Ϸ  ɭ˹һӾͰΪϷˣΪоʵ̫ˣ
ȱȦϰˣıҲһġ
ǽ̻ʴɹģ
ǳԾıͶǽһλҪԼ֪ԼǼٵģˣ
ϷŮҪһЩ  ÿǰһƺɭ˹ȵѹʹһ֣̻ʴɹˣǶоһĺ£
  ʱ֪ҪľӦѡеһأ
׿˿֮ĿѾȵŮ˵ˣ
ʥŮߣɱ⣡
׵һ䣬һֻѾǳȵĲӴ˹ȥ
һִ  ΪֱӶȵţһ˲Ⱦԭرѿ
ǿЩˣǶǸоһ֮ɫ
ɭ˹Ҫֹɲ֪Ϊʲôǰ˵ĸǰƺƲʲô֮  ȣ峤ֶŮôԼǰնɱȴް취
࣡  ɭ˹ʿˮЩϵĳźȴļ󣡣  㡭ǽ̻ʴ˵ģɭ˹ɫһĿɬ
㣬峤ģ̻ʴ˵ģ׿ɭ˹ʵ
˵ȱľǰ֣
ɭ˹ڶʹһ壬ӦǱȽǿս֮һˣܹΪΪõĻԺ·һЩ
ˣҡҵȻ̻ʴ˵ˣɭ˹Ȼ֪ʹһĽ̻ʴˣǿ˵ϣ
Լ̻ʴ˵ĻζŻҪı췴  ̻ʴ㣬һжʥŮָʾΪʥŮǽ̻ʴնĶʹһδĽ̻ʣ
׿ɭ˹˿ıĻͻоһ̫ˡ
ǡ
ɭ˹ǿɬģһԼˣһǽ̻һߵˡ
ֻܹģĽ̻ʻţ
ΪǰѾԼܹԸ˵ˣûƢ
׿˿ɭ˹̻ʴ˳ᢣϵôһ죬˼δֻɱǰΪʥŮֹˣɭ˹
ǣ£
ɭ˹бĺܣҲûκεİ취
׿˿ɭ˹Ҵ̻ʴ˷Ϊ´̣ʥܱʥŮȫжģֻܸǣ̻ʴ˻ῴеģ
˵꣬һ͸֮Ѿǳ׵ĸǰ  ʥ
ɭ˹һеʥ֮ԭеЩɼһ̶ɢˣ  Ҫ˵˭ܹóʥˣɭ˹ֻн̻ʴˣ  һָоǰ˵ʵºпܾǽ̻ʱˣǽ̻ʱ˵Ļ
뵽ߣɭ˹ͷ亹ֱð
ӹеʥ֮˹Ĺڵϵ½´ɭ˹-ӭʥŮ£
ɭ˹һ»İ׵Ļˣ  ȻѾ˺´̵ҪƺţҪ̻ʴն  ̻ʴѾʧ٣߸ǳٳٲϣ´ֻʣλˣ
ֻҪﵽ˺´ʵˣ˭ϣԼһͷأ
ȿ˿ɭ˹û뵽׾Ȼôܴţ  һ̫ˣʥĸǰ͸ҪǮһˣ  ɭ˹㣬ҵĸ׺ĸ׵ױʲôطΪĵľ
ʵʥŮνľܹȳԼĸ׺ĸף  ⡭ʥŮ¡
ɭ˹ЩԥĿ˿ȣɫѾ൱ѿ  ɭ˹ѲΥҵɣȳʵ
ʥŮ£ֻ峤¡³Ų˶೤ʱˡɭ˹ŵҲɫҰף
˵ʲôǷһʵ
ɭ˹ʼʥŮ£ʵ뿪⼸꣬峤ÿ춼ſ̣ÿ£Ҳ֪ʮ׷
ʮ׷룿Ҫɱ˿
һʮ׷֮˶ǻ
׿˿ȣһ϶ȥ˵ɣʥŮ£




480¾Ŀ峤
 

ʮ׷룡  ʹһΪ̵һĥ˵ķʽνʮ׷꣡
ʵϾʮּ״̴˵һЩҪľĽڵĹ֮ʧɾ  ɺ޵ǣֽ˶һʮּ棬ǳµһֱܼ尾  ֵȴʹ࣬ǺܶԳܵʹ
ֻͨˣķӼܹ
ȴһߵʵǺǿ
ɭ˹ղ˵ģѾȥˣȵĸ￭Ȼܹţ
ʱ䣬Ҫźεȵʹࣿ
ߵʱ  ׿˿һԵĲ˹ĸأ
ĸֻ϶ĥˣ峤˵ϢҲǸոɭ˹˵֪ģһΪ峤
˹۾дһ˿˿ˮϢʱҲˣ  ɭ˹ʥŮǰη
׿˿ɭ˹ʱɭ˹Υ׵ҲЩ  ˵ǹƥľ׼ȥǿ˵ǿߵİ
һ뵽һǽ̻ʴˣɭ˹ҲԵİ  Ѿ뵽ĽԼ򲻹Ҳˣ
Լʥһ˻ĲĶ֣  򲻹ǣӦҲûκġ
ɭ˹΢΢һЦʵ˻Ǻܼ򵥵ģֻ峤˵̫ˣ¡
ߣбڣһ㵽ʲôأ
ɭ˹̵ǣ˵ļǣ
ܿɭ˹ʹ׵˳Żķ򼲳۶ȥ
壬ܲηǷָģڻһҶ  ʱǿ֣Ļ￭ʲôطȫģ  ˿̵η棬һİ֮  ׽绹磬ɽ磡
ÿһ綼ÿһĹأ޹زɷԲ
Ȼ˵ҪһЩηʲôҲеģȻˣЩͨʲôѣ
η֮УײѺ̷ˣ
嵽̷¾￭ˣΪ￭Ϳ˻һһֱǵжԹϵ  Ҫ֪ͻһֱҲǵжԹϵϾһƬСĿռ֮У˾ԵĻᷢĦ  һΪ岫ɱʹһ壬ʹԪˣ
û׬˸ˣ峤ˣԭʵҲûʲôϾн̻ʴ˳ǣ
̻ʴ˶ˣ⿭֮ǰ켫һʱ˸ĨҲ飡
ÿҶ㣬ѵӦþÿ𣿺ٺٺٺ١
ηײ㣡
һ޴Ŀռ䣬ײ룬ǰڷһ޴ʮּܣ  ʮֱּܵ࣬ˣһһŮ  Ӵ˿Ѿ㲣Ůƺ֮ҪӵĲ  һһŮȵĸ￭ĸ׿˹͡  ˣΪʤǶԿʹһ͵Ϯǣʹһİ࣡
ＸþԼȫŻ峤˻
һЦ˭ǵأÿ¶㣬ҾҪܹŵʲôʱ򡭡
㡭İɣҲô׵ȥġ￭ı˫ۣ쳣ʹ࣡
ʮ׷뼸ֺòܶڵİ֮ʧֻǳ⣡  ﲻģǳĲģ
ԼŮҲ֪ôˣԼŮˣ  ˹͡ȻԼɷ򣬿֪Լɷ˿̺Լһŷ˵ĥ  ǿ˹͡ҪܿطʱҪԶԶСԼɷ  ˹͡Щ΢ĺԼɷ
һ˹͡Ҳˮ˹͡㡭Ҫס
ҲˣҸоҿҪˣֻֻǡ
˹͡Ȧͨ죬ʹ޲ΪΪҪԼŮһ棡
˹͡ˣôˣҪʲôԸҿ԰
˵Цݱ쳣ķҪ򸾳ױԼĥϵϡ
ڿ˿һɱǣǾǱǣ  꿭켫һʱʱ򣬿˵˼ѹƵĴ˱Ļᣬ˭Ҫúõķййأ  ǵŮΪǼ屨ģ
˹͡Ϊʲô˵ļ֣ΪŽ̻ʴѡԼŮǼΪģ  һԼӵĻ̾һֻϣܹƽԶĵط
ߣʥŮ𣿺źĸǣѾʹһ˸ɱˣЩźʼ  쵰㡭˵ʲôɴ۾ſˣгǾ
Ŀ˹͡˵ĻҲȻˮ
أ  ʱһ޴ƿ˻  üͷһ壬Ҫŭɵ˵ʱ¶֮ɫ




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η棡
ȵǳʱѾǽ겻
ɭ˹Ļش޷ѡ侲
Ҫ֪һǹغԼĸȴûһ˵ĽŹ
Ȼ֪ҪոȣһЩݾǲеġ
һεһĻᣡ
һ˻壬˵һξõĻ᣻  շһǿߣܹΪұۣ
ľĸĸĻʱӦġ
׻δִߵʱ򣬾͸оһɱȽǿϢϢ֮ɭ˹ȻҪǿϲ٣  ׺ܿ͸ܵɼ΢ϢǹϢԡ
Ϊ˷ֹķ׸ģֱһŽ߿ǽеעȫԼߣ  ɭ˹һ˵ĳ嶯ҲЩп಻  ͵͵Ķãڲǳ׵ı¶Լ  ߣ˭һĸǰ
ԭһλ´̿ţ峤ߣλ´Ҳֻܹڿ˵ĺˣ
峤ˣǡλʵɭ˹൱ļһ￴ſ˳ɭ˹ȻʥŮһ顭
ʥŮɭ˹
˻ȣһĨɱ˵ܲٲܲپ͵  ղ￭˵ǵŮû뵽ǵŮˣ
峤
ɭ˹ЩΣʵʹһܲǻһҶ
ɭ˹϶ʶģֻѾ޿ɻͷˡ
ɭ˹ôһ𣿡˵ɫ൱ѿ
峤ʥŮǽ̻ʴնĶʹһ䣬ҸʥŮһʲôֵ𣿡
ɭ˹һᣬڷѾزˣҲ֪Ҫֺøǲܵ飡  Ȼ˵ĻôԼһͱһЩˣ
ٺ٣ʥŮ£ɭ˹㻹ǽͷݰ˵¶һ˿Цתͷ˿ȳרܹĸĸž۵İǲ֪ǵʱղ˰
㡭޳ܵСˣҿ嵱߾ȫԸʹһ壬û뵽ǾȻڱ˲
һߣ˼ֱʹһĳ裡  ˿˿ɭ˹ûзֵǣղվһԵѾʧȺ֮У  һٶ̫ˣ˲Ѿǵĵײ  ￭Ϳ˹͡˱ʮּ棬ҲѸٵĽ˾  㡭˭ΪʲôҪǡ￭ֵ׵ʱҲһĲ죡
ʮ׷һоԼޱȵ泩  Цŵ˭һͻ֪ˣҾ벻Ϊ屨𣿡
Ȼˣڡ
ʵѾһϢˣֻڱ΢ָһ㣡  ֱóŴ󻹵ȻͿ˹͡˹ȥ  ˼ۿɼٶڲϵĻָţ  ֮Ѿǿվɫʼĺˣ
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￭¶һ˿Ц⣬̫ʱûЦˣЦĻ治һѿ
ʼʥŮ»λء
ʥŮҵŮȣ˹͡һ̷ĳ˹ȥ
˹͡˻桭
ôкʱĿ˹͡Ҳˡ
Ҫ֪ܹôʱ䣬ΨһҪڿԼŮһۣ
ԼŮߣܹܵ  ⣡
ԭҪֽɭ˹ȸϾɱ֮ʣ  ȻͿ˹͡򸾾ȻͬʱԼĸǰ  ĸס
ȿԼĸ֮ˮһӶ  漴ҲǳԼŮķ񱼶ȥ  Ů
һڣһžˣ˵۾жǷỨ
飬·ѹ̫̫ã  ȿԼĸ׺ĸ׵ӽ˭Ҳ۸һ£
ʥŮ㻹˿ҲЦ
峤
״ɭ˹Ա˳˿̿Կɭ˹óһ·
ߣ˭ֱҵĴ˿Цһ
̻֮ǰʥŮ£̻ʴ˵ˣΥʥŮߣɱ⣡
׵ɢһɼ֮б䣬˵Ĵ̹ǡ
˵͸һɲмҲװ̻ʵʹߣһҲװŪȻЩʹһһˣҲֻȥžˣ




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Ҫ֪ܹڶʹһһҶҲûɵģ
񿴵λʮʹˢˢˢĳ׵ΧҲЩˡ
ʥŮ£Ƶ£ҿǡ
ɭ˹ûʲô취־棬ʵЩư
žֻһУǾʮΪϣ  ȣڻǣĸг룡Ȼڻָһʵ϶ǿ˵Ķ֣
Ͳ̸ˣڳκһ˿¶ܹҪǵ
һ̣Ϊûϣˣ  ʵϣһԵȿ˶ʮʹߵʱҲһ  ȻҲ֪׺һڶʮʹҲû˵  ɭ˹ΨһǱʥŮ˵İȫ̻ʴ˴ʥʱ򷢻ˡ
ǹ˵ģҪ˲ϵǰġ
Ȼô˵ʱһӾ˿ʼ
ʥɭ˹һﾹȻӵʥˣ
ǰѲɽ̻ʴûǽ̻ʴ˵ʹ
̻ܰʴ˲ʧٶѣ˭̻ʴˣ
Ҫǽ̻ʴ˵ʹĻʥҲͺˣҪ֪ʥɶڽ̻ʴ˵еİ
վڿ˵Աߣһ˿ʼϵ飬ڶɭ˹ʥ鶼ǳ֮ɫ
ߣԻڣҸǣ˭Ҫܹɭ˹еʥҾͽ
һ򲻶ԵʱҲ൱Ľƻ  νĽҲԼǣôҪбµĻǾȥ£  棿峤ˡԾԾԵĿſˣ  ʲôʱ˵㻰ˣ
峤̫lowˣҲǲò̾˵һû뵽㾹ȻֵͶ˵ķµˣ
ߣ㻹Ϊǽ̻ʴˣҸ㣬Ϊóһʥô˭֪ʥǴʲôطģ
˲мĿ˿ףżõһʥڸԼװβˡ
ѲӵһʥȾҪΪʹһ
Σ  ЩĿʼƽɭ˹ɭ˹Ҳʿˮ֪ѹǴˣ
ȻԼʥǰԵĿһǰ
һʵԼ࣬ĻӵʥԼǲܺµġ
߸˰˫ȭѵ֣  ׼֮ʣ˵ĿⶼǱһߵ׸ȥˣ  ʥ  һŵʥ  ȥʮѼɭ˹һģһʥֱǷ񰡣
ǶʹһҲûôʥ
˵Ľ̻ʴҲкüʥɴû˵̻ʴʮʥ
ҵθ񰡣
ǰԭ׼ɭ˹˶±ˣ  Ǿô棬ҲǴˣ  ʮʥʲô  Ϲ۰  ׿˿΢΢һЦ̻ʴ˵ˣصʹһ壬λĵʱˡʮʹǿߣֻҪʥŮ£ÿһʥҽΪ´̣
ˣ
˸оԼһ٣  ջǾԵջ󰡣  Ҳ̸ʲôʥʥˣֻǺ´Ϯĳƺ˵Ǿһ
ܶȻʵǿĺܣȴòķţΪⶫҪ̻԰УԲ˳  ʹߴˣ
ʿˮʵҪ֪ʹһ廹Ƕʹһ壬ǵҪսʮʹ  Ҫ֪ƴĻռʵ  ʹһӵһʮʹĻǵʱ򻹲ѹʹһ
ǿɭ˹֪̾ˣ΢΢һЦ
ɭ˹̳ʥŮ±ǽ̻ʴնļ̳ˣҵֻԼӦѡ
߶Ȱ
˱ɭ˹һĸ߶۷㿴˼ƨֱǲɫ
ƨʵţư
һ⻹ûж֣ѾǼתֱ£˴һֱŭ״̬
ߣȻôʥǻĸɱǣЩʥҵ𣿹
ĵȷǺֻһԵ˿˿׺Ϳ֮󣬾ȻѡһԿˣ
ɱ㣬Ҳ̫ƽˣҲЦŵ
ҵҪɱңɱ㣬ߣɱ˿ΧЩ˻ӻֵ
ֻô֣һԵЩƺЩǣʼûǰ벽  ʶʱΪܣֻҪʥŮ£Ǿй֮
׿Ц˼˿Ѿǻߵ˿˵ǰ棡  ȻҪǾ͹ֲˣ
ʵҲе飬Ͼһ￴ȥͷʵǺ㰡
һһҪʲô̻ʴ˵ʹߣЩ
׿˿ˣһָͷҡҡ㻹λϼһɡ




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Ƕʵ̫װˣ  ʲôˣǿǻ峤´̶ʵ  û뵽׾Ȼҡҡͷʲô˼  Ѳɿ˼廹صĸԲܰ  ˿ʲô˼
ʵҲҶ֣Ϊһǽ̻ʵʹĻʱܻĺܲң  ̻ʹ
ĸֵķԼҲǿԵĳģ̻ûĻʱ϶ġ
һ̻ʻǵʱȻһϴƵḶ́
ҲЩƣѲԼ廹ʲôֲɣ  Ҫ֪ԴԼĸ˹ͻȻȥ֮Լʵǿ˾Լˣ
һֱ˾ǿߣ  ʹˣ
ɭ˹Ҳһĺɣ˶ֵĿס
˶Ķ֣Ƕǿܹ˵óĻ  ȵڣ˶סף  ǣǽ̻ʹȻܹ֪ҵĴڣ
˸оһɻʱ򣬲֪ʲôطһϵ
ʵ̫Ϥˣ
ܶ˶ȻǶҲ൱иоġ
⡭ⲻ峤𣿡
ǰ峤Ѳ峤û
ܰǰ峤Ѿôûأʱǻμ峤񰡣
Ѳ峤װģпܰΪʵ
ܶƺЩعˣ峤˹Ƕʹһһǿߣ  ֻҲǻиָĥѵģֲ˵߾ǲ֮ģ
ʵɽǿߣҲԼģֻһ׷ʵƺڣ  Ҳĭ״ˣǡ𣿡
ˣ̫ʧˣ⿭嶼Ѿˣû뵽һֱ㻹˸ˣ
ڿ֮ʣһӰʵʣ˵ǰ  ˹-
峤峤ҲǶʹһĳ֮һ  û뵽ν֮꣬Ȼһεĳ˵ĸǰ  ΪĳʮʹֱթΪľܹĵ˳㰵бԼļ壡
û뵽Լƻոʵʩ˼ʱ䣬ͱ˸Ҵˣ
ǰŶҵӣоɲ⣡
ԳΪ̻ʵʹ˹һֱû˵̻ʾȻʹôһ˵  ͽ̻ദʱ䣬һֱҲû̻˵߻Ÿ֣
¶пһߣ̻ʴɲ⣬ôһҲδ֪
״ˣҡҴˡ
κǰţԼĸ׸ǰһֱǸСѧһ㣬൱  ˹￴ſ˵Ȼ̻ʹѾΪʲôҪ翹
״ˣҡ˸֪˹ﵽʲô˼  ʹˣ֪̻ںδ˹͸һ˿˿ľ⡣
׿˹˹ǰɣֵʹһΪѵʱ㲻˼ʹһŽᣬȻӵΪ֪
֪̻ʴڴˣһ˼Ҽֱ棬Ǽٶ֪㻹İԼ̲˰ҲʹǼ١
˹˿һѾǹ˰֮Уҫ۵ʮѾʵʵԵøҫۣ  ͵˵ǰ˹Ѿ׼ʮʹˣȻṳ̂ʮʹʵѾǲСˣ
׼ʮʹ
ŵЩˣһԵɭ˹ҲĿŶԷ
һʮʹǾͿԳΪһĽ̻ˣ  ȻҲͬڳֹλͬʱﵽʮʹɼûгΪ̻ʣǵλȺҲǳȻĴڣ
ԣһΪʮʹǾͲʲôֲֵ飬ﶼǾԵȨ
ҲΪʲô˹һֱҪչصԭΪһֻѾ̤ʮʹļ
̤Ļڽ̻٣ܹôأ
Ҳ˹֮ڣ
ʹ˼ʵǿҲѴﵽΰɭ˹
һԵ￴ԼŮȣʹ˵ʵΣ
ҡҲ֪֪ǺģĲ֪׵ʵΣ֪׵ʵǿܹǿĹ׼ʮʹ  ǲö֪ˣ  Ѿﻢµʱˣܹ˹פʹһǰ϶ˡ
һʧܣҲ֪ԺҲûκεĻˣ
ڣ
ȴûΪԼľڹ
һ֮սһƬ̾Ͳ²Ļ




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ƺţ˹˿վǱߣ
֮ǰһ̺һ̶ر
˹ڸһλᣬʥŮ£׵дһ˿ݾܾζ
˹ЦһҪûҳˣǽ̻ʴʸ˵һʹԼˣ
ȻˣǾ͹ֲˣ
̾һƺһսԸ  ԭҪÿģľɨһȦ֮ŷ֣澹ȻһϹ
һʵ֮˻Ҫ߳٣  ŵǣԼʹһˣСĻһϵġ
ֱһӰϵĸſµˣ  ֻҪ˳˹Ҳ˳ˣǹؼеĹؼ  ղóôʥʵѾЩ˷ǳˣ
Ϊ˹ĳ֣ǰ󵹸Ҳпܵˡ
룡  ƺʣ˵Ӱ˵Ŀⶼ۽˵ϣ  һֱȴ׳ֵ˹﷢һûжֵ˼Ҳһʧԭأ
ÿٶȰ
￴˹ʧԭأһԵɭ˹̾һ
׼ʮʹʵ𣿿ʹ˹ҪΣˡ
ɭ˹Ҳ΢΢ҡͷȻײرĿã
˵ʵ׼ʮʹǵм޵еĴˣ  ¡¡
˫ȭһε˲ȭͷ·ŷΧѾγһĴӣ
Կ֮ನನѾ൱ĺˣ
˹һȻûȫԸҲ֪Լٷ֮ʮѾ棡  û뵽СӸҺԼӲ˵˵ʵٺԼడ  ̻ʹǽ̻ʹôǿ
ԭһм˹ʱȥɫѾ
ʹ˾Ȼôǿ
ɭ˹һ𾪵Ŀףû뵽һﾹȻܹӲ׼ʮʹ˹  Ҫ֪׼ʮʹָͷԼЩԲˣ
ȿ׽ס˹һҲԵİˣ
˹Ҫ׼˵ɴ˿ȴʧԭأ  һǵصѹֱѹ˹ڳ˼һĩյĸо
һ֮ŭ
֮ŭҪ˸о־壬˹ԭһĲмɵֱĸޱǿѹʱˣ
ֿ־ԴԼģ  ״˿ͷųѹǿ龳۷ˮ׼  ˹龳綼㲻ϣôܹԵأ
ͳѹѾʧȥ˴ˣҪ֪˻ǽ̻ʹ  ԶϿգ  һεĽƳգƺҪƬռն룡  նɽ
һʣɽӣ
˹Ϊģ뷢֯һѤĽ
޿ɱܣ  ˹г˿־壬һϢϢӸܵǻصϢһѾǲԼ
⡭⵽ʲô
˹ǿ׼ֵǰƵĽɵ⽣Լǰʱ򣬾ȻȻֹ  ͷϲ˺飡  ˹ƺоԼڹŹصĸǰһ⣬ָоʵǷǳ⣡
ԭΪԼֻȸȴֻںأ  ˹ĵ𶯲ʮһ㣬ѾһƬ
һԵĿ˸ɫҰףԼĸڸ˾սʱѾǳ׵ˣ
ҪԼأֱӱѹˣ  뵽ղŸ˼ôţӣҲǸоһĺ£
ڻЩʮʹ϶ĿɿڴǰһУ  ˵ģ͸ղһѹѾǳ׵ɥʧ˷ͷ  ̻к֮£ȳҶʹһֵΣ֮ʡֻҪԺΨʥŮҿһΣ
Ϊؼʱ֣ҲǾصĿǵġ
˹ʵǿܹҪ־岢ʥŮȵĻǿɾô򵥵ˣ  ׿Ǿֻһ취ƭһ  ԭ䷽ԭζ  һȻǳһף֮ǰɵĽһһƣѾǸһһЩʾԼһλǿߣ  ǿѹϹ  ӭʥŮ¡
Щʮʹ֮˹Ϳ˿ףԥһ֮Ҳͳͳ
ʵûа취飡  ôȥĻµʱԼôĶ֪ˡ
ǰλ̻ʹҲ֪ʲôͷһѾǿ϶ˣǾλ̻ʹʵѾԶԶǵ󣡣  ˺Ȼ¹ĳҲ¶һ˿Цݣ




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׻صʱѾǰ֮ˣʹһ֮ܲһͻѾΪȵ£
ʥŮλ˹Ϊ䱣ݻһ׶ǲܳʲôģ
ǰڶʹһ壬׵뷨Լʵֻȵʵһܸߵľ磬ʱȺҲǰ϶ˣ
ȣſͻıʱڿ϶ûġ
⣬ʱȻҲǰϾȵϻԼ͸Ĳٶ
һΣգʱ׿϶ǿԸϵùȥģ
ԭȥǵķɻɿȥķɻֱøȥķɻƱ  ˷ɻ֮׾ͳֻ˸绰շᣡ  ŵװһ绰֮ͨҲЦŵ
ܰǸ绰˰ҿڽóһʱ˰շЦ˵ȶͣذܡ
ңЩƵʵ˵ŵҸɶ
ܰڿȫĵͶ뵽ⲿӰȥ˰Ҹ˵ⲿӰ˵ǺľһĹˣŮǶûпأ˵ܲż𣿡
շЩǼת˵ҪҪһ׿еŮǣ  һֱŮ˲Ҫ̫󰡣һǷǽ֣֪Ӧôȥܾ˼ܣ  ϾһεӢ֮УҪ˼ܵĻԼҪҾжˣ
շ֪಻ɳӵģ  Ҫĸ߳ԼϲƷǾͱҪһ־а
Ѿ˺̯Ƶ׼ˣֻЩһֱڵ׵ĵ绰һѹҲԼ绰  û׵ĵ绰Ϊĵط
һߣҲǹһֵû뵽ŵȻôİ
շ̾һ¾㱸ֻǷ簡ʵⲿϷûжѶȣѶĿǰܿеŮϣϾһˡ
Ȼóշ֮ЦŵŵʵڲҲܱǰɣ㵽ʱԼ£ҵ˼ڿܵĻϾȡ
ܣ仰һӾ̤ʵ˺ܶడշ΢΢һЦȻʵʲôطҶЩȲҪȥˡ
ŵŵһ񰡣ڽϷѧԺſڵңڳ⳵ϻаСʱҵʱ䵽
׿˿ֱȻСʱʱӦûǱȽϵĳԣˡ
շ̵ܰѾڽϷѧԺˣʲôʱ˸ҡ
ЦЦȻ˵绰շỹִŵĺܣ
û뵽һԼ˵һǽϷѧԺģȻֱӴطˣ
ܿ죬׵ĳѾ˽ϷѧԺſڣշŸֺѼñǱ߳Լ֣Ҳʼ磡
ŵȫװ׿շЦŵ
ֲܰǲ֪ҾǸһеģҪ⽭ϷѧԺһȦĻʱΪһȥ𣿡
շῴҲЩεʼҲûа취鰡  ׿շЦŵҲ֪˼ڲڰһڵĻֻеڹˣ
û£ʵҪǿҽܵŮ˭֮ǰҿ˿⽭ϷѧԺ浹вٵĺӣ
շῴҲЦŵ
׿˿շᣬӦǴһɣҲΪԵɺʶģ͸ҺŵɣŮ崿ˣӦҲЩνһǰɣֻǡ
ֻʲôշô˵ҲԵķ
˵ܹ׵ҪĻҪġ
ʼֻӦѧϰݵʱ䲢֪ݼǲܹȥ
һܴɷģźԱݼȻǲˡֻһλǷǳĸ߰һ뷨
շᵽǴҵмңԼĽ
ŵҾͲ˰ɣǺǡ׿շҲЦЦ
շһʵܼ򵥣ʸ涼ҪĻҸͻѵˡʱҼʦڸרҵָһɲ𣿡
⵹ǸⰡҲЦ
շ⵽ʱǳĲЩǶʱڿߺģ
Ǳţ߱ģ  ܿ͵˴һסߣûпΣ
Ҳһʣ֪ܿ˽ܶ˶ȥμӽɫѡˡ




486¾ѡ
 

ϷѧԺۺ¥һ¥ݽң  ڽ죬װ硶ԱѡεĻڽϷѧԺʽʼ  񽭺ϷѧԺ;ӰѧԺȫӰӴýѧԺÿ궼лܶ˹ѡԱ
ȻˣһѡǲǺܶ࣬ѡǵ൱Ķġ
ʵҲ൱ģΪǵĳɱԾͺܵˣһ֮ǵ;Ҳ  νǣʵҲͨδһݾ  Ϊˣǵѡ൱ļҵģ
ԣÿһѡΣ쳣ĲпģЩΪһɫϧǱʲôġ
Ĵѧ֮ǰĴѧȣҪ̫̫ˣ
ܶΪһɫϧԼ壬ҲǺܳ飡
гɹӣɴ൱ʧܵġ

ⲿӾ绹ûп֮ǰѾǷǳĻ𱬣˵Ѿһȳ  һŮһźжŮѾǶˡ
ʣµһЩѾߡ֮Ľɫ൱Ķģܶɫ˵ھӰѧԺȸԺУѾǶˡ
ʣµĺýɫУ˵һүĽɫǳˡ
ɫصǳͷŮţҲΪˣɫ˽ϷѧԺܶܶĻˡ
ݽң  ϯ̨߰˸ˣȥǷǳȻںܶѧУЩ˾ڽ˵ˡ
ҪܹƾԼĳĻ˵һһνӽɹĻᣡ
ݽ棬һֺѡ֮үĽɫѾֻʣʮˣ  ʮ˾ڽݽҵĵһţΧ۵˿˵൱Ķ࣡  ᣬͣһеģ
˵һϵһλãЩѡ˵ڣò൱ĳڵġ
۳ĻôɫǺġ
ƴĲֻǳ࣬бݼɵĿأ
Щѡĺ棬Źƽ  ʵϣܶ˲Щνıⲻһͷѣ
΢΢һЦţԼģ
ʵ֮ǰڱصʱż˻˼׵֮Ҳ쳣˷ܡ
˷֮ȴֺԼûκεĹϵˣ
ԭΪԼȡóɹˣ˼ҿҲ˵˵ѣ
µʱ棬һֱڵȴ׻߻˼Ϣƺʯһ㣬ҲûκεϢ
ʵҲ֪ ˼׻߻˼ʱΪԼϤһЩԼЦ
Ҳ뿪ˣҪȡóɹһҪԼģ  ĺŵĺȻǱͲˣѾΪһ  ᣬҲˣ˻Ժ󻹻ġ˵˵µˡ
ΪѡҪһʱſʼ ҲǺ
ҲЩε˵ʵѾͨˣ֮ǰ̫ˡôأ
ᣬǲҲӦÿԵġЩǮЩʱ˵ס
һʼΪ׵˻ὫǩԼ
ҵȵȴûκεϢ˼һҲףΪױƷûҲѰ˼ȻױƷ̸֮顣
һȥײˣҲˣ  ǰСŪϰµģоһĿ䣡
԰ᣬɫҪܹµĻı츳ͳ࣬δزЩҪأ
Ҳĵ˵ȷһ쵱бȽϳʵˡ
ĻᣬҲɫûκε⡣
ֻҪʱˣԺ  ļã߿˵൱Ĳȥּȥ
õĻױƷ϶ֵ̯ЩǮ˼ҵĺӸܱȡ
ʵҪиõҲȽϵף׷˵ڲЩҾǳõ֣
ˣ˵ʵʵѾĳ˵Ӱӣ  Ȼ֪ǸЩ߲ʣ֪Ϊʲô뷨
Ҫ֪һֱ˵Լڴѧ̸ˣԼԺоȻһ˵Ӱӣֱ̫ˣ
ЦЦһ˳Ȼɣʵڲо͵һλ£
ߣһһΪԼж˲Ҹ㣬ɫҵģ
ԱߵǸŮ˵֮ƺ൱Ĳġ
ŮЩ죬ǳĲģ  ǸȽϵĻǾͲô˼ˡ
ͩ㲻ҲǴʲôÇNɪġ
ʶһԵŮŮѧУͦģ˵ǼһЩġ
ǾǸʲôľͲ֪ˣЩԷ˵һεĽɫǸĳЩ׼ġ




487µѵĿ
 

ߣ҇Nɪɫ϶ǲˣһʲôҲûеСѾͷȻҸɫ֪Ҵ˭𣿡
ͩϷѧԺѧеƫϣɼȴ൱Ĳ
Ĵ󲮽ܼλǽĻĸֹӰӳһ飬Ȩ
Ҫ֪ǹԵĴУÿڽĳϷ֪жٲ  ÿһϷǶҪԤģ  һϸĻʱҪӾߵӰĻǺѺѵġ
˵ܶĶйģҪ鷳Ļֱ̫ˡ
Щм˵ɱң˵СʲôܹզΣбܵԲɣ
ߣ棡ͩблᣬҪᶼû˵أ
ͩô˶أҵҪô׵ģǲаô˶ڿأЩѲ۾Ϲ  ͳ඼ȽϺõ᲻ҪȥҪ㣿  ǼЩΣѲ⵼ĲҪˣΪһþ籾ȥ  ò̫ܣĿ֮˭ôأ  һţᣡ
ڱŭ֮ͩʣʱѡѾǿʼˡ
ͬʱ׺շѾվݽҵĺ棬ֵʱҲЦ  ŵ粻ɰľᡭ
׿շҲЦʵĳ൹ûκεĵģⳤҲܹԲǣ
ҲҪᵽǲһ֮ţ  Ĳֱ͵ĻǵʱֱĹҲǿԵģϾĹûôļ  շῴǸԼĳŮЦʵǸ𣿡
ţڵһߵǸôЦʵ
շᶨۿ˿ʱѾǻվǰ˵˿ҲЩ棡
硢ϸΧ  Ӻ濴ȥѾǷ˼ƷŮһˡ
ֻͷӰɱʵ̫̫࣬շᲢ˵ھĵȴţ
ܿ죬Ѿվϯ̨ǰ棬ǳί˾˸ȻֳЩѧѧǾ˸
һҵѾ쳹
ᣬһ棬˵ҲУŮ  һȻ޶ˣɷķ  ᣬᡭ
ĺܶѾʼϵĺƴŮʹȻ൱ĲҲ൱ĸߣ  ĺ崿ݡѩ˵ʵǺеǵǱʰֻѾͷûкúõʰʰҪרҵʦͻױʦĻԿԳġȻˣȡõĳɾӦǺı츳йϵġ
շ᲻סĵͷȻҲŮĳ࣬ŮʱҲΪľޣ  ܹ޵ŮӣȻ൱صˣ
ЦŵŵҾͷˣͿı츳ɣǿ֮ĵĻǻ鷳ŵ
Ů˰֪ǲܵġշЦʵ
΢΢ҡͷǣѶѣ֮ǰҲ˵ŵʶһԵɺϡرԵʡ
ܹȻʹ˰ϲİɣֻҪǸ֮ģȻҲŹ
շѾǴˣֻҪﲻرɶĺúõĿʼˣ  ŮǺܷշ׻ŮӣŮĿҪҵŮĸо
ֻǷȱľ֮ǰշҲͶʷѹѡЩˡ
ųʱѡκˣ  һѡ֣Ҫı츳Ŀǿյ
ǸƺȥЩΣҲһǸȻ
Ŀʵ̫ˣ  յ̸  ܶ˼Ҳﲻʲôˡ
̸ʲô̸һ˶ſ˵𣿡
ǣⲻǵҿĿҪȻҾɵˣ
ЩǲΪԼ˲𰡣˼һһ˼ҿ̸ʲôһΪǱһ޻Цʲôġ
ԭһһܻṫƽأڿҲǲ̫ܰ
˿̣Ѿһ֮
յ
һ֮󣬺ܶ˶Ϊ֮ɫ䣬ǺЩѾѡˡ
漴ҪѡЩҲ൱ƣ
ǶԼĿ᲻֪Ӻ֣
Զ׿ЩίҲӹһ˿Ȼ
ղǰ˵˵˵Ǿ䶼൱ġ
ЩΪ˸ĳ˱ݻȻôһУ
̸Ϳյһ֣ôݼǴġ




488¾޵ı
 

ĿȻһոѧСޣǲǱŸһ˰
շĿʱҲЩߣ  ʵĿһ⣬Ŀĳˣ  ȻһλŻŮʦӦƸһɫʱͻ뵽һĿ  ֪ʵǺܶ࣬ɻһ֪ġ
̨ϵǸݣշܲʶǸ˵ǸԼһݣֽΰ  ΰҲǵݽŻһλˣЩΪᣬЩͬˣ  ΪˣĵЩϷ϶ǶʱڱȽĵӾ硣
̸ĻѾ޴̸ˣ
յ  ʵϾָĿյһӣʵҪһ⾳˿Ҳ⾳  趨ʱǷǳҪģһɫĺûҪľǿֵܷʱʱġ
һԱܹĳһ΢СʱʷһֿԸ
һһһû˵̫ˣ
Щ㲻òϣҪģҪʱĳģ  ᣬշ᲻ŮһǱŮ  ǼǱҪĿϱһЩ˼Ҳ൱ѵģ
ЦŵҶûĿʲô˼
ҲܹףҪ˵ϣǲզΣ
ȻҲһЩģֶֻ᲻Դ
ܹһЩӣȥ˼ݺͺʱҪȥ
ȻһʵʱԼоЩ±ƣ
Ҳ̫ΪСѾͷˡշ̾һ
Ȼǲõģֹڳκһ˿¶ġ
˿˿ʼղҲǳ㲻ĻǾȥѡ֡
šῴ˿ǸˣȻȻĿյԼܲ趨һأ
㣿趨ڣЩмĿ
ôˣ𣿡ῴ˿˳ʵÿһݶӦضڵİɣ
ϯ̨ϣмĵϯǸΰĵݿЦһǣ⽭ϷѧԺǲԻ
ʵ쾴ΰ߸ƶѣĻĸܼλԼˣһֶŮͩҪһɫ
ΰӲֺܲӣΪ֮ǰӦ˽ϷѧԺ˵Ҫѡɫġ
ͩ棬ҪһһЩĿˡ
ᣬıͩÿ̫ˣҪ۾ûк̨Ļΰľͻῼˡ
ֻֻһôأ
ΰûа취ֻܹѡͩˣľᣬֱһһĿ˸ѹȥ
ʱԼûлشĿֲܹ
һΰô˵ˣҲ㲻ҪͬѧʱˣǾʱҲǺ޵ģ
ῴ˿˵Ứܳʱġ
ǻĥʲôʼɡ˵̬ʵѾ˵ˡ
һ֮
ĿˣʲôȻһﶼΪһοǹˣ
Ҳùҵķڷ
ѧʵϲľǺĻǱˣΪǶδǳġ
վ˸ǰĻͲǰ棬žΰ΢΢һЦλίҺãҽᣬԽϷѧԺĴһڿյҵ趨ǵ׻ƴأս׷ɵʱ̣ҵĽɫһλټҡ
˵꣬һεĳǰί˸
ǣЩʵΰһԵһ˵
ֶܸͩŮǲܲǰǸƺĳԱ
״ģɫ϶ͩСģΰ΢΢һЦ
̨ϣ  Ỻı۾ţ  ̧Լ˫֣Ȼĳſвϵıơ
һģ£ģһڵ  ʱתʱ߿
᲻ϵıŶӷ·в԰Σ
Ȼ䣡
ƺĳֱըһ㣬ͻȻסԼĶ䣬˵г˾֮ɫ
ֲҵģ·ŶĿ־壡  ˵նǱˣǶ֪ʲô飡  ܿ죬ָƽ  վίϯλίҵıˣ
˵곯˹ȥֻһĿɿڴί




489ĵĵ
 

Ŀɿڴ  ̨ϵЩίĸǼ˷˵  Щѧݵĺ壬ǾΰѾɵˣ
ʵݿȥûʲô֮һʦڵӵʱܵ˾Ŷѣ
Ĳͬʲôʱ趨  սʱڣ  ʱ趨עĸԣݵ˭һսʱڵĸʦ  ʦղڲϵĵӣȻʱƺһ޴ıըˣ  ʲôһսʱͨ˵дգȻĵ·ûоͷ
һ㣬Ǿսоͷģ
սеˣʱ޿̲һսһ΢Сıըܹһݰƽ
Ļ㾦֮ʾƺսŲٽ˿־ˣ  ֳľһʱֳһҶսĿ־壬ֳÿ˶ںƽ
Ǳݣ츳
ΰͶųһOͣܿľסˣ
Ůò˵һΪ츳Ůܹô̵ʱڣͨһССĿôݳ
ţ  һһţΰԼòǰŮˡ
ĿǵշŵģʱǸټҸԼ趨ʵŮࡣ
Ǿʹӱַ˵ûκְǰ£ŮܹļѾǱˣ  
ʵžΰЩģҲѵ
һɡΰ
һµȻ֪Ůݵʲô⣬Ǿʱ̡
ҶˣΰҲЩΣˣ
˵ʵ츳ŮĶ˰֮ģܸǱ߾ǽȥġ
ⲿӾɾڽİʱһŭܸĻǵʱɲðˣ
ΰ֪ҲֻܹˣһЩǱݵĲϸ壬׺ܲһ
һΰۣҲ΢΢ҡͷʵҲ֪ԼıݻǷȱһЩ
Լıݻŵģ˵ԼغܲĻºЩ˶ûйˣ
Ҳ֪첲šȣ˼ҼȻô˵ˣҲ˵Լϣûˣ  һεľϹлȻ̨
ͩڶȥˣĿǺܼ򵥣Ǳһ˴֮ӣ
ʵֱһϿεʱ򶼻УֻܹΪһ⡣
ղݵĿֱͲܱȰ
˱Ŀʱ򣬵ѾһƬȻ֮Ĳ۸ô
ƾʲô˼ǸʲôյյĿͩôõһĿأ
ΰ֮ͩ¶һ˿Цݵλͬѧıݣһ񣬴ӶǶȱĿ˼룬ݼտʵ˺
ۣ
ĺܶ˸оһĶģҲ̫˰ɣ  ֻܹйоأҪ˵ʵĻҲôһġ
ֻǺݼտʵǴϱ߰
ֱȴܹõ˼ҵݵľûа취ˡ
ʲôⰡᣬղŵıֱ˦ʮ֣治֪ǰôġ
Щߵ˵ȻҲо˲һĵط
񾲿űղ˼Ҳ˵ĴĻĸרžǹЩݵģЩ˵ʱ˵ˣ
ģɫֲһɫͩôҲøһɫɣȻ˵ĹײҪ֪һй׺ܲһô˵ǵһˣ
ߵ˵г˷ŭ
ȻҲûκεİ취̨ͩ߹ǲмҲġ
ߣ֪˰ɣԺû¶ѧϰѧϰ֪ʶûЩûõġ
ͩĿ˿ᣬ㳤ĺÿô츳ôǱҸڽ£  NɪʲôԼʲôԼ𣿻˼Ǳ߇NɪЩ˵Ŀͩ
ͩɫһ˵һŲһؼң
СҴıˡȻ𣬿Ҳ֪ûа취飡  ġ˫ȭգƺһ޴йŭ  ȻڶˣֺαعͷأҿʲôѡɫҲѡˣֱӸղǸŲ𣿡
Ϊûʲôʱ򣬴߳һѼñʹſֵˣ
Ȼ˸֪˵˭ǸʱȻЩˣҲһ൱ֱˡ




490ŵ
 

ڸղ֮
շ˶ˣôҲû뵽Ůô̵ʱھȻ뵽˾һ⾳  츳˵ãȻ˶̵ʱ뵽ĳ˵⾳ģ  ʵ̫ˣ  շۣ۾пϵġ
һľǼϷǣڶʱҪﵽ⾳ҲǺѵġ
ʵǲ࣡  ղǸʲôűݵνн֮ӣĿյȼֱһһ£  ΰʵ̫ˣȻ۾˵Ϲ  ֻҪ΢һЩˣ¶⾳ж൱ı׼ġ
һԸշʱҲû뵽ᾹȻ˳ʵķӣ  շЦŵôŵỹ԰ɣҸоղŵıᵽһƽ⾳
շŭһƽʱӰˣܹں̨ϵǰɵҪûеĻҶţ
ݸһЦĻǺ˵ˣĸǩԼˣ㵽ʱ򻹵ûǣ
⵹ҲǣҾʲô⣬úõṆ̀ӣǻ˼վ̨ϵòȻ
շῴȥҲһˣʵҵҲԹֱġ
ŻĻͱ˸Ūĳͷˡ
Щʱ򣬳ʵﵽһηĵزĻܶʱ黹ҪΥĵģʵ  ׿շȻŵϿĻһȽ֮ȥ
ܣˣھҪȥǩҾҪô˵˵ӣ
˵꣬շͳ̨ǰ˹ȥ  Ҳ˸ղշų̆Ͼΰ˵һĻ˿˵ĿⶼѾǾ۽շϣ
ײûǰҪһԭΪʵǲɶ
ȻˣŵholdסĻǵʱȥҲ޷ȻѾˣȻҲҪ˵ģ  ˭֪ѡνɫ𣿰
һշڲԵӣҲŻͲŭһ
Ͳ񾲿շͻȻվ˵ҲЦŵվ˵ʵ˰ܹı䣬ܹһЩʵҲǺõİ
ҲǵͷǣıݱҪ߳һأƾʲô
ͩշɫѾʵ̫ˣ  Ȼվ˭ǲ˵У鷳ҲŪһЩ·вУ֣±ϳô
շῴ˿ͩһŹϵҪõɫ˲ɳܣ֪˵ԣܹôԴǵˣǾǿɳˣ
㶮ʲô㶮ʲô㶮ʲôݼһͷӲȥúõİ꣬ʲô
ͩշ̼ѾЩ״ˣʱǱ˼ŭĸʨһ㣡
ΰվϷѧԺʲô˶ܹ𣿱أ
շЦһΰô㻹ôԣһξ˭ĹϵҪչ˰ôΥĵӣҶоһݣ˵Ĺûˣ㻹ĳʲôõƷ
շɲΰӣҪ֪ΰġ
ֻΪ˵Ʒ ˶ѣ
û뵽һƨĹ˵õģڻҲǷˮ
ֻǽɽ׸ıƣһﻹԣ
㡭ʶң
ΰһ ֪˿϶ʶԼģҶԼӦǱȽϤġ
ʵ˸ҵԼ˵ⷬڿ˵ӰƺЩϤ
һ뵽һˣ  Ұ˺ȥ˳
ֳƺûԸˣúܶ˿һֱϢ
ЩԼŬǲǱȲϱ˵Ĺϵˣ
һվ˵ôֹܻأ
ܶ˴˿̿շᶼһֳݵ飬Ϊ˵˺ܶ˵ȴ˵Ļ
о˶֪Ļģ
ȴ֪Լﲻˣܵ𣿹Աܵ
κһˣʱ˼ҵԴ㻹ҪȦ죿  ֱǳ
һָָ㣬ȴûվֹշᣡ  ˭ϵУˣϽ״žΰ
ڿ˿̵ľΰоȻһ˿ľɫ  ЩʿˮȻԼ촽ΡΡʵշŵ
ʲôշŵ
ܰɣôأŵôܺúõܹأ
Բŵ
㻹˵ӻеŵء
ΰһ仰˲俪ʼըˣ




491ûȤϷ
 

շȺ߳ʱΧ˵Ŀⶼźܶɻ
˵շ־Ǻܶˣ
ϷѧԺѧδҪȦչģշȦǿ൱ĸߵġ
۽λĻѾǴмĵˣ
Ҫһ˵Ļ벻¶ˡ
˿̣˵ĿⶼעǰշᣬǶҪ˵ǲշŵ  շŵĻǽˡ
ΰǰˣʵѾշᣬʻ·ļƣ˵Ǻշһӣ  ʶԼԼ˵Ĳмһˣ͸һģһģ
״žΰշŵûпɣ
״Ҳܿģ˾ԾշŵΰһĿ࣬շĸǰһƢûеġ
״ҲһεĿžΰôᵽģ
˵ĶŻʱշѾߵϯ̨档
žΰȻ԰
ŵҡ
ΰһЩƿԣĲ֪Ҫ˵ʲô˵ʲô¶ˡ
շժ֣¶һŴϤ  ˲
ûȻշŵ
һЦᣬ벻Ѱû뵽ŵ쾹ȻѧУˣ
ҲǹһֵǰᣬһҪ˰ЩˣŹϵλ֪ܲϵȥأ
˿̿շᣬ˶ˣ
û뵽շŵ쾹Ȼ˽ϷѧԺû뵽ǣŵȻվΪԼ˵ˣ
ʲô
Ҳ룬ŵôܺúõܵطأ
ûԵ޹ʵİͺޣһеɺ϶ǽĻϵġ
ͩշᣬǱõһ㣡
оһʧͲʣΪʲôԼ׺ŪһýɫȻ飿  ͩȻղŵ緢Ѿȫûˡ
һûгСǼеϵܵŵĴ˼ҹȥ  ֱǿЦ  շЦһĸĻҲû⣬ɸղλͬѧıѾ̫̫ͬˡҲø˼һɫɣ
ŵ䡭ʵҪȥʱͬѧ̸һ̸ġ
ΰ̻һתھŵ˵棬Ҫ²̨  շЦһ֪ܲǲǸ2ѡּʲôŹ
ŵС㡭
ΰշ˶̫ˣŵǳֱڿ졣
ôܵ˵أ  ǺǣҪҵͬѧ
շΰ˵˼仰֮㲻ΰֻһεĿշıӰ
ᱻշôһҲһ
ŵҡ
ΪһϵѧǶշĴǿҪκ˶Ҫصģ
շῴ˿Цŵͬѧղҵľʱݣ
ŵЦˣҲǺġᵹЩ˼
շڰֵãǾǺããǾǲãշҵҲôģĲҲ˵á
ллŵޣĹı
ÿһ˶ǿű˿϶ģѲɲϣԼ˿϶
ŵĿ϶˶ЦЦǷԷθһЦһ൱Цݣ  շЦŵᰡһϷҪˣ֪ûȤϷ

һβᣬΧĺܶ˶ͶĽʵ۹⡣
շŵᣬôýֺͷ붼֪ҪĽడ  ŵҡҿ𣿡ҲĿ˿շʵ
ȻԣշЦŵⲿϷм²ſģҴ뼸ʦڱݷȫλָһ£ϾһκкܶһߵĴƾǣΪŮǻҪǿѧϰġ
ɶ⣿һ߾ǣȥʲôʺ˰
ֹǹʺ˰ֱ˰
ҵθ찡һ߾ǣȻŮǣ⡭ֱ̫˰
ҪܱŵǸöٰҲа
£һƬ
ʵ̫̫ˣôŵһͿأһһôõĽɫ  ֪ǰ϶ǲʶģ
Щ𾪵Ŀշŵղ˵ҡҵŮǣ




492²Ҫܼλ
 

ˣ  ôҲû뵽ŵô˵澹Ȼ˵ĻԼŮǣ  ǲܵ飡
Ҫ֪շŵȦʲôλĵĵӰһǻֺ  һӰûиǣǶǲܵ飡
һݣô˵˵ҪԼһˣ˶㲻ϵ˵Ůǣ
᲻ţҲʵ
ǸղĻҿһô˵ľ̾Լоˣ
ǺǣôˣԸ⣿շ΢΢һЦ
ԭȷǲô˵Ͼûп᳤ʲôӣҲ֪Ůûʵ  ˣȫķˣԵһŮϧˣ
û׵棬շŮĻҲᶯ˰֮ĵģ  ԸԸ⣬ҵȻԸˣ
ԸɵأôõĻǰܲ⣿
һԵͩˣǳĴ
ղỹ˵Ű裬оԼѾʲôһˡ
˼ҪΪˣԼȴѾʧȥ˲μӾӾˣ
£ôܻɫԼأ  ѾĽͼˣһֺ޲ɱǰŮ˵ĳ嶯
ʱ򣬽ݽҵſ߽ˣ  ֶŮѧУıֻǺġ
˵ǽϷѧԺϵϵΣֽ壬ԭѧУ
ǽĻܸͻȻ˵ҪѧУҲ̸ϵѧУ
Ȼ֪ܼλǸʲôġ
ǵӾ硶ѡνɫӣֶŮͩѡε档
ܼλȻǲԼֶŮˣȻѾһԼ°״Ϊ˷ֹʲôⷢǾԹһˣ  ܼλҲûʲô飬͹ˣ  ܼλЦŵΣҼֶŮСϲݣһֱҪǣûа취
˵ЦˣͩͬѧƷѧţǳҲȻ鰡
һƨ˦˹ȥҪ֪ܸȨ൱ģ֮ǰд˵ܸҪϷѧԺһء
ʱȥܼλƨʲôʱȥأ
ͷ˭ɵӣ  ôô֣ܼλոս˽ݽңͿ̨൱֡
ףǲշŵ𣿡忴շʱסˡ
ҲʶշģϾĴݸǱϵ֮仹кġ

״ڶͷȫǺҪ֪൱ư  ֮ǰԼ飬ڻǸˣ  ·ɱշᣬҪߺŵĻǵĿɾͲһˡ
ôѧأǾĿŵҲӰɣ
Щ鲻˵ƻãһ˵ǾͲˣ  ȥ˵ƵˣɰͲܹˡ
״Ҿģܼλһ˵ȻշһЦŵþòþò
շῴ˿ܼλҲһ㶵ôˣ
ҽ쵽ϷѧԺߵˣŵɾ㲻˰˽ôҲкһأܼλһЦ
շȻҲǲ֪ܼͩλֶŮЦŵΪѡɫҵӰ滹Ůǣ
ŵ㲻ǸҿЦɣһߺȣǻǴѴѵܼλΪշǸЦģҲЦŵ
һεݻǺǿģѾϵʮλһ߾ǣԭŮҴðȵģҸıˣһڵⰲȾŮŰɡ
շһʵҲϲ԰ڵˣһ԰յ˳Ч  һľ̾
ȣʳһߵľǣĲϷɶŮǰ  û뵽һξȻŮţŮһžȻøᣡ
̫˰  ǣҪܹĴĵӰĻҲһѧϰ
ɵˣȿԼرϲһλǰ  Ͳ񾲵ɵˣһƱȫɵˣ  һԵľΰҲЩ𾪵ĿշŵһεƷȻ뵽˰ȣ
ΰĵݣ˵밲ˣǸ˼˵һ仰ƶ̫ܣ  ʵշ˵ĻڹȻڹϻŲСĲģ  ĹʳһߴƣԸ߸ŮţŸоǴţ
ߣΪ˶һûгϢ𣿡շЦһ
ܼλΪĻˣȻ׷ǣҲ֪һЩƵġ
ȽϤģϾ񰲼ˣϾ˿ڵˡ
ŵȻҪˣҿɵøһˡ
ܼλһԼֶŮͩȻԼֶŮͷӦǺߣ




493´žžž
 

ǺǣǸҿЦɣ
շῴܼλ΢΢һЦҪ˸Լ
ҪҪܵĻѴѵҪԼأԼǺΰһˣ
ܼλ΢΢һЦŵҸܵ˲շǿ϶ûģͩ
ͩԼˣҲ  ղԼΪλûرԼڿԼ徹ȻҪԼˣ
ҪԼĻɹĸʿɾ͸˰  ܼͩλȥ  һ֪ܼ֮ܶλ֮Ҳǰզ࣡
ϾЩѧУܼλĹְ൱Ĵİ
ͩ塭ܼλͩЦŵ
̹ͩɵǰãղš
ûû£ܸ
շϵǿͿϾܼλĹְܲìȻҲǲìܵġ
ܼλԭ뱩¶Լ֮ͩĹϵǵһȵ֮ҲѪ  ҪԼֶŮܹշ˵Ļǵʱ򻹲ǲԴ  ʵҲ൱ĺģ
һ˵ԼĹְٴ˼ӾʱҲǰŸɶġ
ΪʲôΪΪģһ㶼ʲôĵ
ǰܼλҲ飬շҪˣôĴһˣ  ܼλô˵˵飬ĿĲΪշ᲻þܾ  ܼλ΢΢һЦλֶŮСҿģ黭ʲôͨһһĲƼŵʵŵù
ͣ  Ѿ̲סЦһҲ̫ҪˣŮʲôһ  շ΢΢һЦѾѡˣ
ѡˣܼλһշʵ
λͬѧշָָЦŵ
ܼλ˿һԵλǣ
һĺӣ浹ǲġҲйоص˵
ģ
ܼλɫ΢΢תҪǾͺðˡ
ԭΪŮǹϵʲôģڿӵġ
շ΢΢һЦŮʵģҴصһ£ֶŮҿһл˵ɣ
ŵͲܻѡܼλշ΢΢һЦ
Ҳǲԡշ΢΢һЦгϷʵĸо
ܼλһϣϽʵŵǹѰͩϽллŵ
ͩһʱ˶оҪˡ
û뵽ԼȻôˣҪԼĴ󲮹ĻԼˣ  ȻлȺŮǣ  ĸо˭Ҳ൱˷ܰ  ллŵллŵ
ͩҪˣ̫ˣѾЩִˡ
һԵ¶൱ʧû뵽ԼѾõĻᣬȻҪԼĸǰˣ  ȱæл˵˿ԻҪŮҪ㡣Ŀǰҿ㻹ﲻҪ󣡣
շһֱڿˣܼλ˵ĲҪȻҲһˣ
Ҳ̫ƲԼˣѲһΪԼپܹһ  ȻƷ϶ڽ߾ȡµĲҵҲкܶڽɫøͩġ
˵ˣǿ˼ն˰ԼҲ⣡  㡭
ܼλԭЦˣôҲû뵽շᾹȻ˵Ļ
ⲻǴԼ  һܼλŭӿŲƷһȥ
һԵͩɫͨ죬޲ԼҸطȥźãôͬѧ˶̫̫ˣ  ԭЩ̻̲һͩɫѿ˼㣡
һ֮б輸Σһѧôܹܵ˵ѹأ
ԼҲ룬֮ǰô˵ģ
ԿΪ㲻ɣ
ܼλЩˣһֱΥԼ־
ǵоԼֶŮҪƵʱǼѣȻԸôˣ  Ȼѣ  ܼλЦһշᣬðԼλã
ʱӺ˹ԭǲҪɵʲôģ֮ǰо൱Ľġ
ʲôʵЩ֪ܣȻҲҪΪշվվ̨ˣ
˻ͷ߹ʱЩס͡
֡ܡ
Ͳ񾲿߹ʱ˶˷ֲýôɣ  ǿ׵ʱ֪һжǰźõġ




494˵ܼλ
 

ݽң
շῴ˹ֱתȥ  ŭĵܼλһǱңշʵ̫ˣ
ʵϣԼһ㶼оԼţΪԼӦõģ˾ӦΧת
ڿһΧתˣо൱ĲӦ
ῴ߹ԭЩƽҲ֪Ϊʲô׵ʱԼͰˡ
׳ǵķ˹ȻЦŵþòλ
ܣôһҲһ˷ܡ
׺ǺһЦøŵе飬˾͹
Ҿ֪ôɺϵأһԵĲҲЦŵᣬԭܡ
շߵ׵ߣЦŵܰߵҲˣҪȻǳԶٷ
ӦǲŶԣᡢ߰ɡЦŵ
ҲȥͲһļ
˿Щˣϵһôߣ̷ˣ
ֱӽЩΧۿֵ˸ˣҪȻܼλ鰡
ܼλ⼸˵ĲԼУҲշᣬҪǳţԺƷҪܷȥҸգ
в  ܼλԱߣǰ״Ѿק˼ܼλ·ˣôģҲ˵ɣ  һǵô˵˵Ҳ̫ٳĹ˰  ʱܼλѾǹ˲ʲôˣ̬ʧˡ
׿˿ܼλ˵ҲԿ
ܼλ׵ëûгСӾȻҲҸշᣬھһƷҵϡ
㡭㲻Ѿ𣿡շһһʲô˼  ղôţƣʵҲΪԼƷѾˣû뵽һﾹȻ˵û  ˣ٣ûнȥܼλٸһλᣬշᣬҪǺˡ
׿˿ܼλɲҶöˣ
շᣬһ
ܼλѾôëˣĿֻһǾס
ܼλ㲻ˣ˵˽ɫǸᣬΪϵܳҲҪʵģֶŮ治񣡣
շЦһôõ飿  Ҫ֪һε죬ǿɲһĺ죬ôĹʴ棬νǺ͸ˡ
ܼλҪвԼΪԼŮôѡģҪ˼ԼĻĻ  ܼλ绰֪˭˵һ֮ͨշᣬĹ˾յǵĻظɣߣߡ
ιгװ
ֱ绰˽игűԭѾתȥܼλһ׵ĵ绰Ҳפ㡣
ǺǣôҴ绰ˣ绰ͷűһӵ׵ĵ绰ҲЦʵ
гһܼλʶ𣿡׶ŵ绰ͷűʵ
ʶʶȻʶˣĻĸҲҵĲ°ɡűԭǷֹȷĸг
ΪһθԺ¼֮Ȼйɸӵй
ϼſĳɼ֮ѾΪеĳг
ĻȻҲĹϽΧ֮ˣűĻлûмʱ䣬ܼλЩϤġ
ģг
׼򵥵İ˵һ飬ûκεĿš
أ
׿ԺԵ绰ͷĴӵűѵ绰
˿̵ܼλЩɵĿףΪСӴ绰һһг
ֻһŵгǾǳгű
һʶŸгԲܰ  ڵһ˿˿СĻţʶŸгԼҪùˣ  ӵ绰
ֱӰѵ绰ݸܼλЦһ  ң
ܼλЩСĽӹ˵绰űǵͳɤʱһ㣡  Ҳ֪ͷô˵ģܼλϴ̬൱ĵλ  ǣгһǵǸҡšг
ܼλƺû˵꣬ͷ绰ѾǱˣ  ཱུܼλɫһḶ́  ŵҡҸλǸղ̬ȶӣ롭ŵԭ¡
ܼλǹٳˣϱֵǻ֣
׻û̫Ĺ߳ƤܼλӣҲôֱӴ߳˽ݽң  ˭״׵ȥıӰһƵĿܼλ
ܼλղг˵ǲҡ
ʲôгǲļٵİ
״˿׵ȥѾǷ˸Եת䣬Ҳ̫˰




495ͻɱ
 

׺շ뿪ϷѧԺʱ˳Ҳˡ
ڵշ˵ѾΪ֮ص飡  ⲿ磬ܲΪһߵݣҪˣ
ʵһȺݣ⵹ûʲôѹ  ôľΧһݣѹɾʹˣʱ˵ôġ
ֻҲǷΪֵģһݵ̫һݵ̫ã
շɲϣݵ̫ʱԼʴӰ  ŵҪȻǾʹ˱վڽϷѧԺſڣЦŶշ
շЦŵУǾʹ˱ˣе绰ʱϵ
͸ŵ˰һһѣʱءЦŵ
շһֵѰ˼ڰǩܲɣ
֮ˣһҿ˵˰ԺҴǿɶѵİ
ҲǿЦʵ˵Ǯ⡣
ῴ׺˵İɣ۸˭ǩԼһҶںͬģ
ֻҪˣɶ԰շҲ˸˳ˮ飡
ɱ
׵üͷһ壬ֹһղԸоһɱ⣡
üͷԶ˿շҲЦʵզܣ
ǣҸо˶ǣŵҺܶôƵʵ
˵ܰȻƢֱһ㣬Ҫ˵ӦûûУ
շһ׵ĻҲҡҡͷ
Цŵŵߵע˶̫ܶ࣬˰ɣ
շҲǵͷ˻ǲװҹӦǹжӵģ
ҲǴŹɣ
֪ԼĸоǾԲдģղɱǳԡ
ɨ˸ղŵĵطһɫγ֮УһŮˣ
һŮɢɱ⣡
Ů˾ԲʲôͨŮ˰  ¡¡
һӰԭͣǺ󷽵ɫγѾǻˡ
ŮӵĳǳĲһ˲䣬⳵Ѿǳ˳ܿͣշĸǰ
շỹ֪׷ʲô£ȻֱӾͱŮק˳ֱӿˣ  ִ硭⡭
۾ͭһĵţ˼飬ֱǲ˼鰡
շղ˻úõվǱأɾȻһŮֱӲĴӳק˳棡
̫ˣʵ̫ˣ
ԼͣһӸоԼĺǿɬĺܡ
׿ȻѧУ齻ʱһŵϵģ
úúãִϽȥɣǾͱһǵ˵
ֻǵͷŸղߵķ  Ϊ˶ĻͿʼˡ
ղʵѾǸŮҪշ᲻ʵһжƿ֮УҪ˵Ҫʲô  ղŲδֹɱ֣֪ɱȻɱ⣬ɱⲢôŨң  ˵Щһ϶ʲôҪ֪˽⣬ҪȻֱɱշǱȽշҪ  Ϊ˲ƵĻǸղŵɱûа취ˡ
Ϊ벻ͨԾҪ⿪ˣ˵˭  һƾɵĲֿ棡  ˿ֿѾʮˣΪ׵ǸȻ֮ǰ׺շڷɻϷͻǸ̫  ̫֮ǰȥӢ׵ʱԼĵһݷǳǳҪļ
ļ˵ֱӹϵӼδˣ
ΪǸš󡱷ϵͳĺݣҪı׻ƵõĻνķϵͳʵϾһˣ
󡱷صĽ裬Ѿˮݵĸо
һ̫ôҪĺݳʵԸ;׻ƣǵʱǵĿͻɵ׻Ƶʱ˵ϡ
׻ƵǻȥӢףֻû뵽·ɻʱԼĵԾȻˣȡ֮Ƿɻϵƽԣ  ǸշѾҵˣѾõɱֹȥˡ̫Աߣһӳ
ݱҪõ֣ҾǼˡܶǮֻҪĽ
̫ЩѹҲǱҺͼѹʵ̫̫ˡ
ٶǺҶɱ֯ʵǸ¶һ˿Ц׾٣  ڷɻϣʵǿҪСһЩ̫
Ӱˣ
ӳ̫΢΢һЦиΪ޵ɱ֯Ҷ㹻ʱ




496ľϲ
 

ֿ⣡
һɫӰӼ۶ֻһ̶ɲ֮ɫγѾͣ˵ĸǰ
շᾪֵĿǰȥʶѵŮӣ  Ůӿȥһֱ˲ɽӽϢ
շ᲻֪Լ׵˭Ժвϵ˼ŵʱѾǱŮǣŽǸֿ⣡  ֿ⿴̫һ̣շҲסˣ
ǸӹּŵٶһǲɵȱΪôС£  շЩ쬵ĸоӵıĻǿû뵽ڷɻϷôͻȻ׷׻ưԼˣ
ʵϣ̫ûôģΪ󷴵ϵͳ̨ʧĵ棬Բշģ
ֻڵշΪһΪڷɻϷ飡  㣿շῴ̫Цһ˵𣿲ڷɻϷ˵ͻ㾹Ȼ
ߣշᣬҵĵó̫һķϻҲûУֱӵ
ԣʲôԣ
շῴ̫һͷˮ֪ʲôԲԵ飡
˿ֿ̣ݶ֮ϣ͸һ϶濴
ȻźҶĶɱ֣ôأվǷˣ
һۿ̫ʱҲסˣ
ҲΪһΪһηɻϵأҲһرԸʵ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪֮ǰһĵԵ飬Լˣ  ϾⲻһС£һǧ׷׻ҪǸԣ׵üͷҲ壡  Կ϶ģûĻӦҲôʦڣ
ɱ֣
˵ɱ֣׵ĿһεķŵǸץշŮӵϡ
ȻǾ֮壡
׵һĨ֮ϲɫŮ˿û뵽ȴһĲƸ  ֮壬һľ̾
ԭҪЩץշᵽΪʲôŮ˵֮˶˾
֮壬ɽ缫Ϊ֮һ
֮ǰĪ̵ĴʵҲеһƴ  ׸оԼҸ̫ͻȻˣû뵽ԼȻõ̶ֳȡ
֮尡ǿٶȺϵΪʡ
ֻҪԼ̺õĻʱֽһս  ׻˵̫幬ȱߣֻҪԼ㹻ĵҩ߻ԴԴϵ
ֻ߲ȱȴȱţ
£츳ҲĪ̺ͽС˶ѡ
⾪֮֮׸оԼĿˮˣ  ߣװ⣿ڷɻҵĵԣھȻҲϣҸ㣬óĻһԿǷһҪڤ粻ĻǿɾͲҪˣ
̫ɫ˼㣬֪òصԵݣʱӼҿ¾ͽٲĵز
󷴵ϵͳӹ˵Ƕ֮ص飡
շưԿ϶ԼûԵĵԣͬʱҲ׵ʱҲûлԣ  ӲΪԼ𣿻ҸҪԼˣ  շЦһɱˣ׻ƣΪʲô͸ʲô𣿡
ɱ˶˵ǿԳܵģ˵ˣǰɱ˭֪أ
̫Цһг˵Į֮⣡
ֻҪշ᲻ԵĻô  ɱҰ
շΪ˾ԲôҪ֪һˣҪı˸ɱ˵Ļʱ򾪶Ǿ̫̫ˡ
ֻշ᲻֪ǣ˻ܹóģ
һǸ׵ʲôط
ӼҵܴҪڻʵ̫ˡ
һԵǸӳǸ׵Ҳˣһͬ۴ѧѧѡ
ѧҿӦû书̫ʲôˣǱץ
ٶȻǮǿ϶ˡӳ
һţӰȥһͬ۴ѧɲδҵǸ֮ˣ˵Ѿкܳһʱûѧˣҵշʹˣ
Ǹ׻Ůӷһ˸оЩ飡  Ϊݣ̫뷨ˣ
һ뵽Ůһɱ˲գ۵ĴħͷʱҲǻһ£
ЩɱǮ£ǵпûʲôٶٶģ  Ȼ˵ʲôطȶһ첲˵ɡ
֮ΪһŵĿз·˵һʲôƽ飬ƤӶû̧һ£
ǸӰŮ΢΢ͷޱĳշĸǰȥв֪ʲôʱѾһذףâҫ  շῴŮӴһ˿ЦݳԼ߹ʱһ




497Ҫɱף
 

̫һ׻ƣ˵鶼һˡ
ԭֻҪһΰ󷴵һδӢǱߵ˶Խһ£׼Ŀ  ôؼʱڣȻô飡  ԴĵԾȻ͵ˣ  ̫ûУݿȴҪġ
Դ˱˵У󷴵ϵͳǸûûʲô
Ҫ֪ӹһĵҪ׻ƶŸɣ⽻Ѿ˶ϲļ
ı׻Ƹƽ󷴵ϵͳĻǶڰӹĴǾ޴ġ
ֺ߲ð  ̫Ϊּŵٶ;Ĵ֮һ԰ӹϳͽ䣡  ԣһξҪշǸ׵˰Ѷ³
ⶫûн׻ƾĻһлأ
һ̫ǻǧĳ߼۸޷Χɱ֯Ҷλ֣  иղŵλһűǰӹˣӰҶĶɱ֣û֮һ
Ӱһ˭棡  ҶӰĴ˵ǳĶ࣬ĿʾˣڿòҲһӰգ
˿̵ӰһƬ䣬С£һŵҪɵ飡
շоޱȣ˵ղΪ̫ҶԼô  ɿŮ֮ˣ  շ᲻ˣоŮʱҪԼ
Ϣܲ£  շ᲻ǸͨˣһȽϳɹĵݣӿɻûй
ĭ𡭡Сº
ˣ̫Цһʵ
շῴ̫ҡĲ֪˵ʲôԡ
ߣǲײĲᰡ
̫΢΢һԭѾͣ½ŲӰһεĻշᣡ
ҡ
շỰδ䣬ֻһâӰѾǳˣ
еذ׻һĻߣֱӳշĸ첲̶ֱû˿ԥ  շᾪֵĿذ׾ҪӽԼһɲǣ۾ĳˣ
أ
ӰŮĨһ˿ŵʱоһ޴ĳ
ԭǴշֱ۵ذףȻһʯӸ䣬޴ĳŪһģ
˭
Ӱһ䣬Χƺ¶ȶڽͣ  һҲüСģ
һԵֱ̫Ӷһŵĺ棬ĴţƺҪ֪ĪһĻô£
ң
ֱӴǷֿݶ֮ʮ׸ߵĵطȻôɵһԵ˶𾪵Ĳѡ
ܡ
շһȻˣƺ˾һϳһĨ֮ɫ
ԭ㣬ǵȫѹ򰡣
̫͸һɫûǧһȻܳˡ
׻ĳǰţһԵһźǸӰٴһ㣡  ЦŵԭֻΪӾǿһЩû뵽˿֮⣬ǵΪţǲ۸׻ˣ
ΪܴôҸ㣬һĿǺҶˣԣ̫
ҶȦ滹൱ĳģݴҶɱ֯ӿʼڼûʧֹ  Ϊûʧֹǵշ൱ĺˣ  ҶҶĸûʲôϵֻ֪һ㽫֮ء
׵Ĩһ˿Цһһ飡
һﻹԼ̲ˣ׽Ҫʲô޻أ
ǺǣǺҶôŵˣῴڶ̫ġӰȥһļ䡭
Ǹһſףǿһһ㣡
һԵӰףĬ  ˿̵ĶѾ̬ȣӰֱӳ׵ķ˹ȥ
ҪǱˣֱӾͺɱˣ  ӰŮӣɲôǿǡ֮塱  ݣ
ӰһζһذףһҲûκεĴ⣬ΪоǰЩ򵥣  ȥɣ
ӰȻһƴȫ׵ķɱȥ
飡
ذ׻ŵĳûг֣˿ڿǱߵʱ򣬾ȻֱץӰ֣
ƾӰôʹȴ޷ǰ˵
ɫǺӰг˾֣Ϊǰʵ̫ˣɵЩˡ
Ҫ֪ҶΪǿɱ֮һǰѧƺױȵ
΢΢һЦֱһѽӰƿ  ˽һ㶣ΪӰȻֱӳ̫ķٶȥ




498̫ô
 

ֿ⣡  ˶𾪵ĿǰһĻ
ӰԺҶĳɱ֣Ȼһƿеذֱӳ̫ķ򼲳۶ȥ  ٶȣ  ƺ˶ûзӦ֮ʣǰλεذѾֱ̫֮
ݣ
һذѾû̫֮
𾪡š
̫˿̵б˺ܶ˼ɿѪעӣоԼڽţ  ٶ
ԭһȻһţ˿̿ԼĿͻԼɱֱӸɷˣסˣ
ҶԽ񣬻ûгֹԼɱְԼͻɱ˵飡
ȻԳȻĿ鷢Լǰ  㡭
̫˫΢΢ƺҪץסӰ֣΢΢̧˫ֻǽȥ
̫ˣ  ֪ԼΪʲô͹ˣ  Լ˺Ҷ֯ĳɱģôô׵ı˸أ  Ϣ˲֣
һԵշŵȶˣ⡭ɱ˰
֪ڸܹ飬ôҲû뵽ܾȻ˵ĺ  ȻҲҲֻ룡  һĻʱշСȶѾǲסĴˣ  žžž  ׵ӰǸһ΢΢һЦʣʵǾʰ

һ˷һԼҶư  ǧûˣҶûˣԼĵλҲûˣ  䣡
һֱӳ׵ķֱȥֱԼȭף  ΪΪɱ֣һѾɽ꣬û뵽ȴô۵ϣ
ӰЩĿһţɱ֯Ĺطǳϸ  һԼʧܣط
ʧô򵥣ȻԼĿͻɱˡ
Ȼⲻı⣬ȷʵʵʵڵİذײ̫ŵģ
о֮ʣȴԭԼһѾǱʵǿ׸ɷڵأ  ̫ˣ  һȭԸоһŵƴѾǶѿ  ໣
һŵĶͷ亹ֱðоԼѾԼʹˣ  ʲôܹһѵôõĳɱֱӷˣֱǳ˳˵󣡣  ˵Ǹʲô
׵·Ծĵһ㣬˵ɭ
һŵֱץţǹͷѵϵĥ˾ܲ˵ģ
㡭б¾ɱңҶǾԲ
һȻž޴ʹ࣬ǽҧؿף˿ûļ󣡣  ǲ  շĿɿڴĿףҲ̫һЩ
һŵֱֱӾͱ׸ŤıΣŶ˸оһĺë  ҵ޵ġ
ҡҲ˵ġһƺѾﵽ˳ʹļޣԴлǲдһ˿˿־
ɱ֣ӦܹΪõѵҪȻĻѰǾԲܳܵ˵ѹȵģ  ϣһֱôӲȥֱһһŵСȴһͷѵ
Ҹ㡭
Ӱƺܲһ˵ĥȻվ
һŵг˾֮У֪Լˡ
Ӱ㡭ߡ𡭡
һŵĿڳ´ѾǺˣɾ޴־˵仰
䣡
׵һӣһžǱСһķ˳ȥ  ׿˿Ӱ΢΢һЦʲô֣
ҡҽӰԶɱ֯ҶӰ
ֻʵ

˿ѾЩǰǿѾû˷ͷ
ԭΪһ򵥵Ŀͻӣû뵽Ȼһ֣  ֮֯һһѾǱǰ˸ɷˣ  ׻ˣ
ǣ
΢΢ͷ
һιΪʲô׳
Ϊ̫ʧĵԣӦҪݣ
Ȼ׻֮ˣΪʲôŰӹΪŰѲ㲻֪̫Ϊӹ󷴵ϵͳ𣿡
һɫ쳣ı䣡
ͷһ׵ӦøҶѾˣֻϣܹһţ
޿ܣ
ʲô
вһ˿ϣʵҪܹȥĻ˭أ
׿˿ԺҵĻҵǿԿǿ㣡
㣿
ףһƣһʵôǿԼҲĶ֣ΪʲôҪԼأ
׿ѡֻҪôһҪôһ
һĨԥ˵ʵܹ˭Ҫȥأ  ǺҶ
Ϊһɱ֣Ȼ֪ɱֽǱˡ
ҪѺҶ֯ûκοܵģ  ǰʵȻǿ󣬿ʲô¶ԿҶ֯أ




499𾪵
 

ϳԥ֮ɫ
ԼڻغҶ϶Ŀ϶Ǹ
һſѾǻˣʵһŲûʲô飡  Ϊһɱ֣ΪĮһҶʮ
ֱһɱ˵Ĺһ㣬ȥɣΪ֯׬ȡǮƣ
ƺͳΪ壡  ûɱ֯Ϊһڵˣ  ǺҶĹʵ̫ϸˣһ֮Ҫ˳ǲܵ飡
õģ¾һ˺Ҷĸ߲㣬һҪң߶ѣ
ȻǸŮԼ룡  ʵϣǸղûвҶ뷨һλȥҪܵطпܻ
ɵ׸ѡʱԥˣ  һԥˣһһ֮䣬ѡȻͬ
ڸǰӲĻһԼͻڵϵ̫һ㣡  һԼˣʱ˭ǵԼ
ƫƫָһѡǾǸ  ܹ  ӰΪĵľǺҶΪ׾ʵǿ㲻ǿùҶĳɱ֯ģ
ûˣûκܹǵ׷ɱѵģ  ֮ǰûйɱʧܵӣպҶ񣡣  ׿˿΢΢һЦֻѡڿӦѾѡˣ
ҡʲôʱѡˣΪ˵
׿˿ЦŵղʺҶҪ׷ɱô죿ǾͰҺ㵱ͬһսߵ𣿡
㡭
һ٣ƺ˵ĸǰزκε飡
׿˿ֿ˿շЦŵ߰ɣ
˿֪ǣղһѾǱ׸࣬Բڻˣ  ˣ  ׵ˣΪĺֻһǾ
շЩĿףЩǵʵܣ㡭ɱ˰
˵ŵҶ㵣ʲôЦŵǾˣûµģ
շῴһ𾪵ʵ㡭㾹ȻǾˣֲô
һԵ죬Ȼû˵շͬ
ǾҲôɣҪ֪ΪǿֱЩɱֿҲѰĺܣ  ѡףʵһ㣬ǾǺģ  һ˺ĵĻͺð̫ˣ
΢΢һЦŵ͵֪ˣȥƷʲôϢֱӴ绰Ҿͺˡ
շЩδ˵һһ
ȥһ˽Ͼ飬Ҳûȥͨһ
΢΢һЦʵȥȥǱߣ
飬ֻܹϹͨͨˣ
ǸʲôĻǵʱӦöھЩġ
ųշ͵˽ϷѧԺ׸ýҲˡ
ʱշ˵ʱҲֻܹҸˣ  շĴǳĴ󣬲ǾˣĿǰӹǱ£Ҳ΢΢Щģ  ֻǸͨ˵ĻҪĿ¶ˡ
Ͼһɱ˷һԼѲɲĳ
շȥıӰ׵֪֡ΪʲôҸѲĲºҶı𣿡
ǺǣղշŵߣЩҲ˵ЦŵһҶ˵һֻһļ򵥣
ʲô˵ǡ
𾪵ĿףҪ֪ҶУǼΪǿ֯ˣ
ǾˣɺҶǿɱ֯ôأ
Ǹǰɱøȥ˵ģ  Ե磬ֻײѣҿһɴʱͻ֪ҶڵǶôСװȻ˵
һ磿
һ𾪵Ŀףоǰ˵Ļʵ̫ˡ
ӰŵǲЦŵ粢ô򵥣Ҷһͨɱ֯ѣȹһһһȫµ磡ҪֻһǾǸҿʼ

оʷǳʣҪֻ֪С˵еЩֲŻ˵ʣ  Ϊɱֻ֣ѵʣ
ָǰ·ԱߵһЦŵŲһӻͶˣ
ôܣ˵ţܣ
ָ϶ģһȫԱ֤
䣡
ֻ䣬ǿĺȻûκεף




500°ݷú
 

ڳϣĿɿڴĿǰľ  ҰҰҪ˵ЩʲôҲû˵ĳڣ
̫ˣ
ֱǸħһ㣡
׿һãȻЦŵߵԺӴġôڸû˰ɣ
һӸ棡
ջһֱ׽˵ֱǼµջ
ʿˮʵ֡ǡ
Ժȴȥ˵طͻᷢˡһ仰仰ҲͲһŶ϶Ȥġ
׾ǺƭСĻһ㣬һİƭԼУ  ҲҿΪһɱ֣ڲȺ֮У⾪֮ҪǱ˸ߵĻµûںһӰ  ֮壡  ǿǼµٶȵɽǿ֮һ
ͼ£˵ܹͻʱ䷨ƣ  Ƕôǿ󰡣ͻʱ䷨ʱ
뵽ߣ׶ס˿ˮ
Ҳ۰Ͱ͵ʵʲô鰡
׺ٺһЦഺפ
𾪣  Цİɣ
һ𾪵Ŀǰףഺפⲻǳ
ϲ˶Ѳ˵ĹɣഺפȻÿһŮ˶룬ɴҶ֪ܰ
㿪Ц˵ʵ츳ҲΪҲŸı⣬ɱΪļ򵥣
׵˵ԽǵһԵԽţ  һ뵽ܹഺפ֮ǰеĹȫˡ
ֻ֮һĿԣҲԲܷŹĻİ
˵Ը׷벻
̬ȣ΢΢һЦİɣԺͻ֣ᷢڵһֻǹ̶ѣ
˿Ӷഺפĸ֣
ܹﵽľĻͱһԸģ  һŮˣΪഺפ׳ԼһУ
һ·ϳɽׯķ򼲳۶ȥ  ˿̵ѾǶһʼǱԣʵʱ޿̵Ĳڹעס
֮ⷭͳһʼǱʱҲǾˣ  ⶫǴðİ
ҲɵģħⶫʵҲ֪ġ
ǲ۷һֶѣǸղһǿʵʵڵģ  ֮ǰһֱԼһ飬ԲܰѶκεطģϾô
ЦЦԺҲӵĶ
ַãԽЩȤôԽҪ֪
ʱȵĽӴĻ϶У
׶İѾһ뷨
ԭɱ֣  ֮ļٶȵʣ
׾ȫһںҶSFɱ֯
磬ʵϴӹûһ֯
׵뷨ʵϾ׽ϣޱѰ츳ʱھ̫幬һɱ֯ʵҲ൱Ĳġ
뵽ߣ׵Щ
һ֮Ȼˣ뵽ɱ֯ʱŷɥҲ൱˷ܣ  ¶һ˿΢ЦҲһƣ֪ǰλصΪʲôôģ  ɽׯ
һڽ֮ǰȥˣ߶Ծҽҩĸĥţ
׻Ƿǳĸģ˰ҵĹ͸㶨飡
˵ҩѾʼˣ˵ĶҲ൱Ĳ  ۸гĿǰļ۸ǳĽӽú쳣ĸˣ
ĸѵľǵһ  ֻҪһȥˣԺĸĸǾѭ򽥽ˡ
Ȼ㲻ɽׯˣſڵľҲѾ֪˺ϵĿˡ
Ե׽ʱҲû̫ܵ
һȥϼҵˣݺ͵λѾЩССľܹסˡ
ϵļУ  ״˿ϵʱҲһ֮ɫ
˵ʵЩ߲㶼˳߼۵ģ
ֻҶһ鲻ôӴΪɱ֯ȻǶЩҲЩ˽ġ
ǾˣصıͲö֪ˣ  ϡ׿ϵʱҲЦŵ²
һʲôһӭأҲЦŵһΪˡ
֪֪֪󷴵ϵͳ飿׿ź΢΢һЦ
󷴵ϵͳһ⻰ʱҲˣ




501¸ף
 

ϵĿ
ἰ󷴵ϵͳʱ򣬺ϵʱˣ  ʵĿƣӹԼĹҽ󷴵ϵͳѾ⽻ĲΣ  ׻ƵǷǳȷģǾǷԣԣ  Ϊ󷴵صĽɵھԼĹſڷ۾ʱصļ׻Ƶһһ  Ҫ֪ϵͳķ䷶Χ൱Ĺ  Ϊĸ߲㣬֪ϵˣ
ͨȻҲ֪ԹҼΪĲ˽ϵ˲Ǻܶ࣡  󷴵أ  Ѿҵ⽻˶ϲļҲѾԷ֯˵Ƶķ糱
ⲻǸ˲飬ʵ漰Ķʵ̫̫ˡ
ǰҲ˵ġ΢΢һЦ
Ͽ׵Сְ󷴵صĽ裬ĹϵԼҵսŷǳġAðӹǹҵſڰװͷǼҪɵʲôǶܹһ
ôأ
ԭΪʲôϵͳʲôϵͳڿô򵥣  ϵɫȻͷⷴϵͳвǵ״䷶Χһǧİ뾶Ͼͷҹ󲿷ֵĵһ£ҾڶԼһľ²ȫ¶ǵƤӵ£һҪս
ƣ׳
ʲôĶ֪ˣ滹ʲô  ֲ󷴵صĽôķ죬ڿһвô򵥵ˡ
ױ׽糤İ黳൱ĸߵģ  һЩ飬ʵϺܶʱ϶ǰԼĹǿġ
˵ױƷ˾ǰڻԼģ  ɵкڵĻҲǴ׬ǮĿȸҵġ
һֻǮˣܹɳһЩ춯ص
ӹʵǷǳ׻ƶģھȴA  Ҳͳˣ  ׾Щ̣Ͼ֮еֻ棬˭ҪΪԼĹҺأ
Ҳܽڱ˵ʹ֮ϰɣ  ϷŭӵǻΪ˶ģǸ󵼵ϵͳṩصؿּţǼӭģ
Ȼߣ˵൱ĵλģ
׳źЦЦּŵٶ̫ӹľЩϵɣ
ߣ̫Ϊּŵٶһǰӹ¹ʣЦһʵݿȥզΣȴܹеõܶʵݡ
ϰ˱ҲСĸǲˣЦŵ
ɶ⣿ǲˣô°һҲһЩ
Ҫ֪һ߶ȣ
ʼûʲôҪɱңôɱأһҶɱ֯ɱ֡
ߣ죡ߣ˴һֳķŭ֮У
ЦŵΪĵ԰ɣġ
Ľ渵֮ҲǲʵʲôҲܰʲôҪݷɣ
ҾͲ֪ˣ
ЦŵʵϣĵԼѾ൱ǿˡ
ȻһζûϹһĿʮе൱ǿġ
ڼ̬ļֻҪ΢Ŀ飬ܹ֪ʶ൱˽⣡  ׶ڵѾϤĲϤˣ
ֻûƽԵ룬ΪǾļܴõģ
ײ֪ʲôʱ򽻳  ͬСɣҪȻȥһˣһҪʲôĻ
뵽ߵʱҲ˷  ׻Լĸǰܹ̫˽ŵĶԲʲôֵǮ⣡  һȻǧɱ֣ܾ͸ˣ
ǧ𰡣ʲô  ЦŵȻʲôҲûйҵҪ𣿡
λǡ
һһԣҲЩʵղŸ춼һˣ  ׿˿Цŵϣλѣ
ϺáҲ֪Ҫ˵ЩʲôֻܹǿĳźһЦ
ϳ׿˿Ǻǣ޸ǳ
һҲһӵͷɫͨ죡
ȻǸɱ֣Ƥ൱ıģЦ˿¶Ѿˣ  ǺԼ׿Цûκεİ취ˡ




502ŷٻٻ
 

ĳܻأ
ϵľֱ׺ط
طϿȥûʲôȥһž¥  ɵ֪֮ԭж죡  Ȼûȥ֪źܶƶţ  Ȼͨˣ֪Ӧһܵľ»أ
񣡣
һžվֱԱߣǿϵʱֱӳʼ񣡣
ϰڰֵأ
׳ǱߡǸŽǵľ˳źϳ
΢΢ͷֱ˹ȥ
ܿ죬Ǿͽ˸ղŵ¥棬λֱˢ֮һټĵݴˣ
ϴ׺˵ݣһֱ£һŵ棡
Ŵ֮
ǰֳһټĴԱڲϵæµţ
ϳ׳ķ˹ȥ
ϡ
׳һϵĵֽźϡ
Цŵ׳þò˰
ֱӺС¾ˣ׳׳ɷˣ׳Цŵ
ЦŰڰֵλı㲻Ҫôҿһ˵ϼһѡ
ϣǻԹɣ֮ǰ׳˵й󷴵йϢ
׳ɫصĿźϣ˵Ŀǰͷȴ£  һ԰ȫŵĽϣѾɳרŵļԱˣŷٻٻҲŵĵţ
׳ã
ŷٻٻΪ崿ʵȥͲһѾˡ
֪ĻΪŮѧأҲ͸ײ
Ůǲ̫һˣЩɵĿ˿ŷٻٻʵ
ŷٻٻЩ˵Чң䣡
ŶǺǣӶЩ԰Цŵ
׳Цŵϰ֮ǰҲѾйˣҿ˵ŷٻٻ缼ŵı˰
ǹĿǰȱ˲ţһǿҪúõѧϰȡΪҶװ
ҲοĿ˿ŷٻٻ˲Żǲͣǿ츳
ŷٻٻЦЦϣߵλȥҲͦᰡ
֣ûûСŭĿԲĿŷٻٻô׳˵أ
ûû£ҳЦŵ
׿ŷٻٻҲ΢΢һЦ˵ģЧҲ
ߡ
׾ȻѧԼ˵ҲһĲˣ
׳ҲЩεʼڵˣǱȲ˰ϣλǡ
λλС㣡ҵľ˰Цŵ
׳źϾȻһôأҲЩˣ  û뵽ȻǺϵľˣҽӦ൱˵õİɣҲЦŵ
Цŵҽǳĸߣһõּٶ̫ĵԣ˵̫Էǳӣɱֹɱˡ
ɱ֣Ǳµİɣŷٻٻ
۾һ䣬׵ˣ˾ȻףҪˣ
⵹һĸǰ׳̫ĵԡ
ŷٻٻҪˣƤˣڵչʾרҵ֪ʶˣ
󷴵  ǹҲͷȴ£źϺ׳صı飡
ŷٻٻҲѾɫȻϾ֪ͬСɣ  ܿŷٻٻͰ̫ĵԿˣ
ȻĲ
ŷٻٻҲǾһĵ붼ԭʼ֣ûзġ
һЩʵĶõĶһ룡  ܹ룬ǼѾ൱ˣ  룬ǻϾ൱ھˣѶȼߣ
Ĳ룬ǼֱϼѣǵԷĳֿҲ밡
  ֱһķϵͳһʵǿܹƽ˷ӵݹ̣  ŷٻٻüѾóѶȿ֪ˣ
ôˣŷٻٻҲ벻˰ɣ
׳̵ҲҪ£ԽǷߣļֵԽǿ
׳ѶȷǳΪһԾԶʱȫĺܻܿڿ͵Ĺ
ŷٻٻʲôܹ֮ȫ缼ŵĹʣʵ϶ǲģ
ͷʵǿǿɲһҪʼƽĻԿʼһ𣬾ͻзգ  տɲһķգпܽһƬȫƻڿ͵ֻжż˲Ż⣡




503׵ġ
 

»ء
Ź¶֮ɫ  һԵĽɫҲ൱ѿǣѾǷǳĹ㷺Ҳòˣ
һȫ·ܵĻôҵ簲ȫܵ
һӦûκε
ŹϳŷٻٻҸʱ䣬ûİ뿪
ŷٻٻĶͷҲһ亹ֱðԲǿЦ顣
˵ƽʱҲˣ  ʲôΣʱ̣һʱκε⣬ǶҪ޷ѣ
ϣֻҪʱ䣬ģǡŷٻٻŵһҲùģ˵ԣ
Źϳʲôʲôһ취ǽ
ŹϺͽ˵ԽǿѶ֮ĵԣǵԽǰצһ㣡  ŷٻٻԥԥӣҲǼæŷٻٻʲôоУоͲУ㵹Ǹʹ컰쵼ǿɶأ
潭УŷٻٻҪϵĸңֹⷢ
ϵĸ֣ʲô׼Źϳʵ
ı׼Ҳ֪ˮ׼Ҫ࡭ŷٻٻ
ҵСڰһȥôĸְƵ˵
ŷٻٻһ＼ܲѣȻƽʱŵôҪʱһͦЧġ
ôѣŸʲôѲҪȥ绰𣿡û˵
ŷٻٻԥһµ̾ȥھǵҲĸˣһ
ܲܿ˷һ£ʱ
Źϴһ˿εĿ⿴ŷٻٻ˵ĿⶼŮ޵ϣ
ûֱ̬ĸ֣Ӧÿһԣŷٻٻ
ʲô̬̬ģôʵڲеĻ˳ˣ
ҲǰʵڲеĻǾжеĵԴҵ˼ǣҪ׼һ£ɣȥ绰ʣµȽŵЩ˰ɡ
ŷٻٻܵԼİ칫׼绰ˣ  ȥıӰŹϳһֱǿ˲˲ţҪ˲ŵʱȴ׽⣡
ϣҲ֪߿ɶҪϸ˲ܹİһܹͨ˵ˣͲࡣ
Ҳһί˵Ͼ¹عҵİȫҲ òذ
һԵûбҪʽһ˲˵ˣΪ˵ҵиָĲȷԣ˲ҲҪġδսпܾս
ŹЩʹļ׵˵ǹҸĸ￪Ųôʱ䣬ӱδǻӿֳ˲ŵģ
˴Լʮ֮󣡣  ŷٻٻ˽źϺŹϵ΢΢һЦҵЩһһǾͻϵ˵ܹΪҲ൱ļء
ûɣŹϳ
ŷٻٻѣӦûʲôɣЩ̫ȷ˵ҲǽӴʲôĵĶ鹤϶ǳϸµģ
Ѷǿסģİɣʵ֮ǰ뺰ǹΪǰJͰӹһЩվ
ŷٻٻЩ˼˵
Ҳֺ֣ܶȻҲᳫҲһְ黳ɣһЦǺǵ˵
ŷٻٻ˿׺᲻ԣ
ǣ׿˿ŷٻٻŮôԼأ
ǰ򵥵һЩӦǻİɣֲҪǵİŷٻٻ
ʵֻ벻ǾǺϡŹϺͽˣ  ˣȻҪȫĹЧӳˣ
׿ŷٻٻЦʵȻǶˣ
ˣһҶֻ̨һǾʱص׼ػһ̨סһػҪ̹ػ
ΪʲôҪػ׿˿ŷٻٻʵ
͹أôķϻŷٻٻû˵˵ҲʱػˣסǧҪҶ
һΪʲôأǸػư
ʵ֪ʶ൱ķḻģȻûϹѧЩ֪ʶһЩڿ͵֪ʶҲָƣ  ǻûиʵ֮У
һܹʵ˳˵Ļ»ûĶ֣Ϊٱκ˻죬Ĵ˼άҲκһҪ˲ʱܱȣ
㣬Ϊĺڿ͸ˣ
ֻֻһǾŷٻٻָνĹػ  ʲô°




504׻ƺڿ
 

ȫģ  ϿһƵЦŵϾҵרҲ鲻ǣ
һΪʲô޵ҵĸǰأʼ
һԵŹҲ¶һ˿΢ЦҲһ޵Ǻǣ
ŷٻٻһӵҵҵֵЩδ֪ΣأҲʵɣû¾ͱܣ
ѾͷԽԽûйˡŹҲһε˵
ʵŷٻٻͷĴүүҲǴӸ߲
ϿŹʵѾͷŷͷŮɣҼǵúŷͷǰ˵Ůʲôٻٻš
ЦһϣȻΪѾͷôأŹϵǰôķ
塭
ŷٻٻЩĿŽҲЩ˼
ЦŵҾͲˣͳŷͷԸŮԸһ㶼֣ŷڵҲ̹ģ͵ŵɡ
ʼû£
ŷٻٻȥæԼˣϵļŵԣÿһ̨ڲϵĲǿϵͳ
ȻʱţҲʤ޵鲻ǣ  һСʱ֮󣡣
ĸܻأĸ˿ȥôһӦҲʮ£  ⼸˽뵽ȫĵʱǸоһ±ƣ
ڿǰŹ֮󣬼ϵľ֮ɫԱˣ
ٻٻ⡭⵽ʲôطͷһһĳƣȥǳĿţֻߵׯʵЩ̫ϣ  Ҫ˵ŷٻٻ
ŹϿ˿˵Ǽŷٻٻѣ
쵼ã
ȻϵԳڵϵˣǵҲǳ˳羴  һԵĺЦŵλҪнٻٻӦð鶼˵˰ɣ
쵼ҡǲ֪
ͷǸºŽļһһ±ƵĿźϣŷٻٻ˵Լ˵鷳ѹҲû˵ʲô鷳
ٻٻҲ̫ɿ˰ɣ
ŷٻٻͷⲻ˵ˣҪǰ˵ˣҪйô죿
ٻٻȷģŹϿ϶Ŀ˿ŷٻٻбҪġ
ŷٻٻ˵Ҹλһ£⼸λҵĺѣҾͲ˵ˣǵǿǵĴްǹڶĺڿ͸֣
ٻٻɱǰǾϹ棬Ϲѡ
æڰ֣ȥӦʮңһЩ黹൱ġ
׻ȸ䣿һʵ
Щ˵쵼Ĳ֪ٻٻǸʲôģ֪ĻҲġǰǷһЩԺһ⣡
λҪ£ŷٻٻλģŹϳ
쵼£ʵ
һΪЧĻǵǰ֪ǷԸеһΣĻҲǿǣھͿߣ
Ź˵ʮֵиÿ˵һ仰Ŷ쳣
쵼ΪЧǵȻԸ⣡ÿһ岻ݴǵΡ
Źϵͷã־ǲȥƻİȫ˭ҪǵǰҫҲǲϵġһ󷴵صҲ˵˰ɣ
ӹǲҪˣǵĲƣȴҪǵǮǣֱ޳ܣ
һԵİ׻ҲŭһȻ˵ʱߵĸо
һ̨ǵ˴ּŵǱõֵģӦһЩǳҪݣϣܹڱ֤ȫĻϣݸ£
Ź˵ڶ˵ΪҪġ
ߵ̨Եǰ棬ֻ΢΢һɫҲǱ˱⡭ǾĵܷѾߵ˰
磬ڵĵľ⣬һǿʼƽϵͳĻſ϶ᾪԷˣ֪Էжٵĸڶǡ
ŷٻٻɫҲǽ˵ʵѶȷǳ֮
ٻٻ˼Ҫݸ㵽֣һ£շǳ󣡣
ѾǱ׼ʱرˣŷٻٻָָף
֣ʵ
Ǹ˶ѣ㲻ϣػӦûġŷٻٻ֪ԽԽãҲҪΧ⿪ػô򵥵ҪڲĻҿǸˣ
׵ϲ˺ߣǲǳǹҩ˰ô壿




505ڿߣ
 

ϻ׵ķ˹Ȼŷٻٻ˵Ƚϵĳ塣
ǿв֮˵һɫɣ  ׵ίһ˰¹شŹҲǱߵȴŽء
׵ͷ֪ػ
׵Ȼ֪ػˣΪҪ̫ǵĻʵ׼Լܳˣ
ҲǱŶһ²һµԭˣ  ڳţʵڲеĻʱԼҲ٣  ȻˣҪڶڵԵĲû̫Ϥ  ΰ˵ʵǼΨһ׼  !!  ĵطһǲᶯġ
ʲôشŻһŷٻٻû£
ΪһԱߵĻƻ˵Ļʱ϶֧Ųסġ
ŷٻٻ׵ķҲ̾һҪһо̹ˣ
ٻٻ߾ˣֻܹΪһʲô춯ĻǧҪǿ
һԳѵҲŷٻٻʱţ
ŷٻٻڰֵֻҪǼһﲻ⣬߿϶ǳʲôģ
ھͿʼ
ȥǷǳĳȵģ
ã׼ʼˣ
ŷٻٻĿѾǰһ̨ˣ쳣רע
žžણ  Žʮû̵жʼˣ
ĺϡŹϺͽ۾һĶĻϵЩ  һݿǶоһۻң
翪ˣСġ
ŷٻٻҲ쳣ĿܣȻҲǱŵոˣ  ٻٻѾ˸ܵǣСģץʱ䣡
ĶͷѾʼðϸΪɵģڿһԵЩˣȥҲ࣡  ʱһһţ  ʮ֮ŷٻٻһһѾ룬ڳڶܡ
̫ƽˣƽЩ¡
ǰܵһǱΣɲ֪ΪʲôƺûκεĶ
ϴһܵģԽǵʱԽҪԷͻȻϮ
ÿһܵʱ䶼ӦǰһܳһȻղʮӣôڶܲĻӦǶʮӣ
ôǳԵĹһ£ҪСʱʱ䣬Ҽо
׻ȸ˲ס죬Ըܹúõػŷٻٻ㶨ˣ  Aȫ  һλ𷢱ŽεɫĿŵµļˡ
ǵ׸ʲô벻Ҫˣ
˵˽ңA½ǽ죬ھӵżߵȨ  һAͰӹ֮󷴵صĽ裬һִٳɵģ
һһλӥɵĽһΨ²ҵ̬  żҪɹ󷴵ϵͳڰӹȻҲеŵġ
ɾΪ϶ʱ򣬰ȴ鲢ǰԼĲȥչģ
ӹӷһλ̫ȻҪȥӢףһû裡  ʵԭǲģ  ̫ɻ;˹ϣתȥӢף  ;Уͳ飡  ˷ͻ֮󣬾ȻǵԸˣĿĵزŷֶˣ  ǴӼųǸɣ
˵ǸЩŵĸоȴ͸һɾ⣡
ҺͻˡĺڿͣһҾͲҪظ˰ɣ
ҿ˳Ȼķǳ㡣
ǵǵȻԼҪظ˰ɣͷ˵Ǹ˴ºҺǺڿͽ֮һ
˵ʵղŰᵽҺ˺ǾǺڿͽߵ֮  ڿ֮Ҳʱȵģ
ҪΪƻAĳϵͳץĻ°һ֪ôһȺ˴ء
֮ǰ󷴵ļܣƽءЦһϣǿ԰ҰǷݸɾˣ
ǷݼһģһԴԶãû״̬ǾԲģҺŵһЦ
һԵĻ˵磬ǳʵ˶ҪǿֻҪڣҪƿԲܣ
ҲǵͷûǵĻСʱʱ䣬ҲӦòܹƽ˰ɣ
ǵҲϻ
ʹ죬ǵǳļ򵥣ǾǻɡΪҲġҺһ˵




506˷ܵİ
 

Aȫ  ҿŸԼҺˣҲ΢΢һЦ
˵Щ˲һѣȻЩʵǿȨߵʲôأ
ԼҲõļֵ
ӦֺηأȵһʱֱҲǿԵģ  ˼Ϊϸ壬ʱԲ¶κͼġ
⼸˾ȻвԼʱЦ  ֮ҵҪǻʲôʸҽ
ҵһίߵġ
ҺЦŵˣǾAӢۣδʷΪдһδ¼ǻᱻǳ֮ΪӢۣ
ҽҪʵʵڵɣ㶮𣿡Һ
һԵĻ˳ｫϣܹӦǵĲǸڴˣϲǵĵԳ۳һƬǵĹ棬˶ѣ
ãҴӦǣǰҪε񣡣
ҵ˼ǳȷɲһо̸ˣ  ɽ
Һ¶һ˿οЦݣ֪ҸܷŹǣ  һιͻһַʽ⼸вԼһֽѣ
ҺѾΪ׼õĵԱߣǵ൱ķɣ  Һʼɡ
˿Һ¶һ˿Ц⣬Ǿߣ  ǿߣ
ƺֻһ룬ǺǣʵȥҲǲգӦܹﵽһˮ׼ˡ
ѾǽϵͳĻϲ֣ӹһ˿˿˷֮ɫ
ϷŸոտʼˣȥ̽һ¡
ҺŻ΢΢һЦһָ
һOKƣȻҵҪǵ·ɣǵIPַ˵ɡ
˵רעǲϵڼûţ  bingoһʤƣһԵ˵׻ơ
׻ƣ̫һǸû뵽Ķıǰ׻˸ˣǿϵͳԴ밡
һ˵˵ҲĽֱˤ˵ϣ  ҽԴȻǳҪҲõİҺŵЦЦ
ҳϧһдۣҪٵԴ룡
ԴıݰҺ˿Цʵ
ȻУҪЩ׻˿ЩԴߣȴʧǵǰ
һЦ֪֮ЩԴ뱻Щ׻˸ùȥĻʱһоĲ־ͱˮһˣ
OKҺҲһOKƣȻͶ뵽սȥˡ
Ȼǰ˲ֵǳ֣Ҳ֪Ҫ»ݲһ˿һ  ȸһθСˣ΢΢һЦ
һӴݺѾˢˢˢĳǱ߱Ϯȥ  ٺ٣ҵҪǱûʲôеĻȤЦŵ
˿ӳҲܵģϾǱߵ˻ҪǶడ
ҺҲΪͬĵͷȻҪƽܳǾ͵ǵȥһȦ˳ϻ
ǱߵķӴӦòǸΪַ׻Ƶ׶ҿп׻Ƶľ»ذ
˳оһ˷ܵս  һ仰ʱҲ˾׻ƾȷ
ҽһȷΪȥǵĹһȦ֮ҾͳˣȻˣҿûһĺۼ
˽˵Ҫ֪һҵ簲ȫ൱Ҫİ  ܹ֮һ㣬൱ţƣ
Һ΢΢һЦҽҪܹǵݿһЩĻҲзǳİġҪƽ󷴵ԴĻҲ˷Ľǵˡ
ǰȷһõĻᣬȻҪõǵĶôҲôǱߵõһЩô
˹һЦ˿ѾǱ  ҹһЦǾͿ˰Ҫõ׻ƵľϵĻǵʱǶй֮
һ˷ܣû뵽һξȻпø
ĻôʱͳҲһĽˡ
뵽ߣ˾ȻʼСΪǰ⼸˵ļҪ׻ǰǿģ  ϾǴŵĶˮ׼




507´
 

ܻأ  ˭Ҳ뵽һ㶼۵ĵطȻŹҰȫģ  ܶණǱϿôļ򵥵ģ  ģ  ŷٻٻһʼû̫谭ʱ˭Ҳûע⵽Ǳžžžڼûš
˿̵ϤŵԣҲǺ֮ǰЩ鿪ʼϵĽϣ
ʵԭڵԾǷǳĸȤ  ĻҲܱϵģȻûʱȥѧѾǽе֪ʶ㶼Ժ֮У  ƾǿļνڻͨ  ֻ֮ǰһֱǷȱľʵս飡  һ̨ԷĸǰҲһʱĿʼϵϰţ  ֻû̵ٶԽԽ죡
٣ҲǶһڿ͵Ŀ飡
ʱŷٻٻ˿ٵĻǿ¶Ҫˣ
Ϊ֣ٿȥ˼ҵ֮һ磡
Ҫǲ֪ˣΪһǱϹüأΪʵ̫̫ˣ  ã˽ˣ
˵˿Сʱʱ䣬һԵŷٻٻڶܶˣҲûеһˣ  ΪһӦ龪һΪСʱʱöԷ˳ķӦʱ䣡  ȻΪҪƽ˾ʱǱжˣ
ǿ󣡣
׻һԳ˵֣ȴĺϺŹϵһĽţ
ŷٻٻ֪Щ˵ʲôͷ𣿡
ȻڲϵǰĴ룬ǹߵġ
ʱԷصַʵ̫ˣı϶Ѿǳˡ
һԵһ
ŷٻٻĵ
ĵ
һ⻰Ҳһĵĵܻһ
ĵһЩ˵ʮӵʱ㹻ˣ  ǼǵĵֵһСʱʱ䣬˼һͿԹˣ  ŷٻٻٻҪСʱʱ䣬ʱѾûʲôʤˣ  ʵһվĻʵҺĸ˽Ļ¾ǵҲ빥˵ķߣ  ӣһѾˣ
ȸһȻĿĻǵһǽѾǱ˹ƣоһ٣  һҪס˼ΪĽƻַҲǳĸǲҪս
磬ٻٻǱ߻Ҫ೤ʱ䣿ٶȵĻҪ˶ãӦþͶסˣ
ȸʵ
ŷٻٻһҪСʱӦСʱ磬ͦסͦסһҪǰ֪ͨң
ǰ֪ͨ㣿ǿֹļ¾ͻʧˣΪӦֻһλᣡ
󣬿˵Ķȴ羪һ㣡
Źϳʵղ˵һλʲô˼
ٻٻûи˵ܵĳһԷֻһλᣡ벻˵ĻǵʱͻԶ٣ȷ롭
ĽѾǺܵλˣ˼ǿнܣֻһλᣡ  һһλû˵Ļʱļͻʧˣ
һЩܵļǻֵģΪҲΪ˰ȫǣ  ŷٻٻô˵һҲǼˣҪĻǸղžӦˣ
ŷٻٻǸղżҲΪʵ
Ҫ
ŹȻɫҲ̫ÿ൱ĳס  Źϵ쵼ֻܹŸղѾǷӳǿʵĻ
Ϊ
ŹʱҲ˵ʲôˣЩҪõһܹõġ
硭Ȼ磡
׻һԭŵĺܣɵǸ˵Ľַ֮˶סˣ  ڿͽߣ  Щ˶Щڿ˵ֱǳݵż񣡣  磬Ǿǰ׻ż񣡣
׻һֱоַղȸܵⲨʱûпó˭ַ  һֱоİ׻ȴ濴һЩӰӣϸȷ֮Ѿ϶˾磡  ׻ûиɣô磿ǺҺл˱Aץ𣿡һŵĿŰ׻
׻Ҳ֪Ҵӽڿͽĵһ𣬾һֱо磬ַϤˣȻһûзȫ֪Ծ
Ļǻ˺Һˣ
һȻĿǰĻ  ɽһ㣬ѹЩˡ




508ʵϵĲ
 

ܻأ
˵϶һƬı׻˵ĻҲǲһɾĸо  ڿͽߣ
Ҳŵˣ͸ӲҪЩˡ
Ӱ׻ϾͿԿóʵжôǿˣ
⼸˵ʲôˣŹϵɫҲ쳣ĳأ˵ΪеҪõĶĶ
пǸ󷴵ϵͳйϵȻĿǰ֪浽ʲô  ݺʵⶫԲʲô򵥵Ķ
ĻҲôǿķһ̨ˡ
쵼հ׻Ĳ²ĻôӦþǺڿͽ磡
壿Ƕ٣Źֱʵ
Щε˵ҵӦҡ
ǲЩˣŹ˵൱ίġ
һԵİ׻Щٵ˵쵼ô˵ɣʮ׻¶һֿһģ
ϳǵ˼ǣֻҪǷ𹥻ȫ˵İնûУ
ʼȻҲԸϣʵ
ŷٻٻλǾֵǸʲôˣʱ׼رյԣҪκ˿ԥ֪𣿡
״˿Ǳ˷ܵĲţûпմŷٻٻ
ŷٻٻ׸ԼҲŭĺһܿͶ뵽˽ŵ֮ȥˣ
ϳԼհɣĶʮа˾ǵò˰ǿϧ
ϰʵҲϧһҪļҲܰļûȥˣ
Źϰο˵ʵҲһʧ䡣
ܹõʲôݵĻ׻ڹ̨ϵƣиԵת䣡
Ϊ̣֮˵üͷϼһΣ
ãǵĵڶǽҲѾˣҺҺ
ļһĽǵһҺ
ѹʽĽ
˿Ļᣡ  Һ˭ܹͬʱĸһķ֮ûأ  Ȼô죡
ŷٻٻɫ쳣һӣ  ԭŵǣڶôҲܹ֧Ÿʮõʱ䣡
ڶȻҲֻӵʱͱˣ
ˣ  ʵǺŰ  ٶȥĻжʮңǵ¾ҪǽӹˣڱҪϵʱˣ
һҺĸڵĻּܹ֣׻Ҳεʼ
ʵĲʵ̫̫ˣ
˵ֱһĥһƵķߣǵϱݺݵĳһƣ  ָоʵ̫һЩ  Ҫ˵ĻͲҪˣǲܹսʤָ֮СʱӦûİ
һԵҲǵȻǲܵ顣
Ͽ˵ȵһ˵ɣһͶһϣ𣿣
ڵĺҲֻܹҽˣڷ϶ûκεĶԵõ  ȻĻΪʲôܹһأ
һȣʲô漣أҲδ֪鲻ǣ  Aȫ  ҿҺ˵ı֣Ҳǽ
ȻںڿͼǺܶȴܹöģ
Һ˺˷ܵɫ֪ЩѲǣ
ҿҺ΢΢һЦô
ٺ٣ҽҵϣܹڼһᡭҺһ˿ŵЦݵ
ҵͷӦǿԸõ׻Ƶľˣ
ֻҪʮӲرжϵԴĻôǾ͵ſްɣҺһЦ
ҹӦ᲻ãΪǲһǾԲģЦһ׻ƺڿ͵ĸǷǳ˽ģ
ˣˡ磬Ƕ׼һǸһʲôݺ
Һбŷһ˿˿ı䣡  ںڿһ棬Ǿ񣡣
κҪǵǰҫǶҪѪĴ۵ġ
ΪɵĻǸΪãΪΪ⣬Ҳûκεİ취
һǽ״̬ǸͣĽడ
ʮ֮󣡣
Һ˺缸ͬʱս״̬ǵָϵڼûţǶ֮ǰҪѸһֹ  ˢһݲϵĴӴĻҵҲ¶һ˿Цݣ  PS˵쿪ʼ¸һɢҪȥ£Ϊ4죡ÿ4֮ڲ룬˵ô࣬ϣλһ£лл




509ҲǼϵ
 

׻ưȫģ  һ߹֮󣬵ڶ߱ƣ
߻ûбƣ˻ڼĵȴš
һƵĻôʱǾͲòʹжԴˣ
ʱ̫ĵԿ¾һѷˣ
ǲ˵һԭ򣬾Ϊǻϣһ漣ĳ֣
ŷٻٻܹڶʱĵܷأ  ֻǼ˶Ѿǲϣˣ
á
˻еĹעߵʱ˺Ȼһ⣡
Ǿߺ͵ĵ߼ͬʱڱ
ƻ˵ʲôʵ
׻ĿĻĿ͵ĿԼĵԣЩɵˣ  ʵ̫ǿˣǾȻαװûƻʵѾĲ˹
ȸҲһԾʱĻǾɵˣ
Ͻر
ŷٻٻȻǱ߲ͣæµţף
ҪǲػĻͱҪϵ룬Ļһ˿ӣʱпһҲᱻƣ  죡
ŷٻٻǱ߿ĸԼֱŭһ
ϽرҲЩĿף  ΢΢̧ͷⲻǻûеʱҪƻǵķҲûôף
һﶮʲô֪ĺϽˣһʧֵĻ
ŷٻٻΪԼڲĻͳȥˣ
ŹϣλҲһĿһԵŹϣ
ŹϿ˿ϵϣ⡭
ɿܵ׵ĺ棬ɵܵ׺ʱ˾ˣ  ΪڲϵıдŷǽĴ룬ִ뿴Ƽ򵥣һô̵ʱڱ༭˶Ĵ룬̫ˣ  ǲǶˣ
ŷٻٻɫĺܣΪһУ̨  ʵյӦټĸ֣ʱŻиİղǣ  켸ʮһĸ֣ӵʱͻ᳤ܶܶ࣡
أ
ΪԼĽһ̨Աٱʱôܹأ  ⡭⡭
ŵöˣ̵ֱķʽֱǲб
ѧϰԵڣûпʲô˱̵ٶȾȻôĿ죡  ٶԼ屶ϣʲô  ûһ»سȻЦŵ⼸ǽӦùæһˡ
ûسһ˲䣬ԭǱߴݺƺļ  ǽôܣ
׻ԭԼĻΪоԼߵѾҡҡ׹ˣ  û뵽Һ˽ҪƵһ˲䣬Ƿǽֱӵ˵ĸǰ  Ư
ȸĻͻȻֵǽҲǼıQ  ô£
ŷٻٻǰһĻҲЩˣֱǲܵ鰡
Ҫ֪ķǽǿǱҪϽб̵ġ
ĵǽѾ൱ǿˣһҪ湥ǾԲܵģ  ղ̨ϵֻһˣôǵԸأ
ٻٻλ˭
ָָףоͲðСˣԵĸְ  ĺòݻɵģ͸ղ˼٣ǼԼҲȲˣ
ͳһ㣬˵ʵѾҺ粻£ܻҪ߳ˣ
Ϳļôˣ
ڶʱܹǽˣ˻ʲô֮
֣
ŷٻٻЩĿ˿ףҡҡͷ˿̵һٸţ  һôǸأҪǸֵĻԼʲôأ
ٻٻ㶼һλֹˣ㻹ǹ˸ҿ˼һԶԿҺˡ
Ľݣ
˵۹͸Ŵʱ˿̵飬û뵽׻Ƶĺڿͽ磬ȻһλŸְ
㡭㾹ȻԶ
ʵЩǿǳ۵Ŀ⣬֪һλˣ  ⲻѧ
ϾʵЩ̫ѧˣѾ൱ţˣ
ҽû뵽ھȻڿͼҲᣬϻĶ
׿źЦŵ˵ϰҿǼϵİ
ԶԶԣҰһ綼ˣǼϵģ̵ͷ
ŷٻٻһԵ˲ûб仰Ǻ
ǺڿĸǼϵҵģϵҵ˾Ӧôţ




510³ʧ
 

Aȫ  ԭѾ׼ףʤҺ˺˴˿̣
ֳǽ
⵽ôһ£ǽɲܹŪġ
ָ֮Ľݲһ˿һĲ
ȻǵʵȱҪǿϺܶ࣬δ֪ʵ̫̫ˡ
ԭ൱ŵǣһҲסˣ
ô£ҺŻ˳
Ǳߺи֡˵ͬĵͳ  Щмһ˵˵
ҿ˳һ˿һʧ󣬷ͳ¹֪ģ
˼ͬʱһ£֮ǰĻһ㶼ģ  ֲǲˣѾزпܳһЩⰡ
ҾôĿˣ
ܹնĻʱһˣû׼ܹǣ
Ҫǽ˵ĻǾûκεĻˣ  ˴˿̵Ķͷһϸð  һᣬѾǳһĳ֮ɫѾ˭ķǽȻôţ棡
ǽǿ󣡣
ҺҲǸܵһɵѹűʱʵ̫̫ˡ
˵벻ˣǾԲܵģ
ʱأҪľʱ䣬Сʱ֮벻˵ĻǾͳˣ
ԲһܹдĴ룬̹
ԭһݵҺһЩǱˣ  ʱһһţ  һǽȻûбƣҺ˸оһıһӵӥҪӥϹ۾
һæһСʱʱȥˣȻһǽûйƣ  ˼ͷ󺹣ԽƺԽ÷š
ڸʲôǲǴ˵Լʲôڿͽ𣿾Ҳ֮Ϊߣ
Ҵ˿ҲǼͷ󺹣֮ǰżΪоһж֮С
żˣΪоգ
һ׻Ƶ˸õĻôľ󷴵ϵͳͬ裡  ˣʱ󷴵ϵͳпܱ˸ãǵòʧ  ҲҶģҲĲ  Ҫ֪󷴵ϵͳĿʱκε⣬Ǳ߶ŹԼ  ͳǺײűԼ˵ģ  һ⣬ʱ򱳺ڹ˾ԲǱˡ
ⶫ˿ŶǺۺģҪǰܹİĻʱ˾Ҳδʵֵİ  ȻһУ·ЩнԶˣ  ལ
Ļ̫ĵһ·ƺѾҪˣ
Һ˵иоһɵľ֮ɫ  ЩĿҺ˿̵ѾǶһѺڶǹȥɭޱȣ  ҪôҪôǵòֻѡ񡭡
ѾǸղôĵˣ֪һԱƽ⿪  ʱԼôĿ¾Ͳ֪ˣԼ֮ǰҪϼ汳ģ  Һ˫΢΢һĶͷȫǺ飬˴һֿҪ״̬
棡  ڰҰγǹ֮ʣѾǷһľ֮
ܷ룬ڽ봫ģʽ  ϴС
300롭
299롭
ʱôһһţʱİĿ󷴵ϵͳԴڱ˸  һ֪һоͶ군ˣ  54321
ŵʱĽзһʧܣѶʧ
أ
Ե𣬰Ҽͬʱ˰  ʧˣһжʧˣ  ԵѪƺΪһȻԴ벻ܹٷ֮ٵĴ󷴵ϵͳʧܣ  Ѿʧһˣ޸󷴵ϵͳݵĻҲҪ嵽ʮʱ䣡
嵽ʮ꣬ʱû׼Ѿ˸ӳɫĶˣ
һӷ·˺ܶ࣬ڸоԼǰǱõһ㣬ôۣ
ŶҽѾˣѾˣǡ
˺翴һԵѪ֮еҺԭѾŵɷ׵ɫһӱøӵİˣ  ոջһսˣѾǱһʬ˭ܹܵأ
ڵİѾǷˣ  Ż˺Ǳ߲סģǹ֮һƬİ
ЩԱŰ˵ķһӼȫʧΧ
ʣµֻйĵİһˣƺڳʧܵʹ࣡  ŰһľǹԼĶͷʿһ¾ͳ⽫ҪߵĻǿɾЦˣ




511¾޴ջ
 

ܻأ
˿һƬڣԭĵܷ·ŷٻٻǱ߳ü  ʱȴŷٻٻȻ⣡
׽ʮҵʱͽһƿʱҲǾˣ
֣
Եĸ֣
ڿͽ磬Ҳûпһôţ棬Ҫ֪һ˵һ߰  ҺƵģˮƽûдﵽһĲΣҪڶʱ߻ǾԲܵģ
Ȼ׽ʮӣʲô
ٶŷٻٻʮʮٶȰ֪֮Ĳǿɲʮôһˣ  ˣ
ŹϲüңղһѾоһϣûˡ
׷ʹĲһҪй¶׻ƾ·ĻҪݣʱȴɱһף  Ǹŷٻٻ˿ػˣһս·һ㣬ʵ̫ˣ
Ǻǣ򵥡Цһ
ôһ˵һԵŷٻٻ˸оЩ޵ݣ
̫ˣ͸ղ׵Ǹ٣ֱ˰
ݵʲôŹϳ
һԵĽ棬Ա𡭡
ʲôʱнŹϵҲЩʵ
Ҳ¶ϲɫղżŵ˵ˣⶫǺݣпܺ󷴵ϵͳйأһȷ
̫л˰Ҫȷ󷴵ļĻɾǹҵĴ󹦳
ŹһмĿף˵һεûЩɺϵĻҶǴһǳľ棡  ϿŹϵǴ֮ˣǲӦøһЩʵԵĶȻˣǰˣ
ȻѾ׼㱨ˣһȷϣһٽǾٲ˵ģ
Źƶ˵Ҫ󷴵ĺĲĻ⹱׿ɴȥ˰  󷴵ĺ²ʲô  ζAԶսԲ𱻳׵Ĵң󷴵ϵͳٱ
ҪһǣĿǰҹڷ򻹴һ𲽵Ľ׶Σ
ҪĻʵܹǵļʵһĲΣ
Aڿν͵ʴף
ǲѽڰӹķϵͳݸŪûˣ͸׻һ  ŹϵĻ̰ڰֵ׳ҲӦģٽʵǡ
ҾӦõõĶ˵ˣһٽܹôأЦŵ
棡
һεȥ߻һһľ٣  ŹϿŽҲѹԼҪ֪
Ѿ¶ϲɫУԸϻ㱨ɡ
ǣУ˵ŹϾһ׳ãǸղŵĳóһۣԴ󷴵ϵͳĺܶݣһգӹķϵͳ˵߽⣡
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ŹһԱߵϣһǳ׵˷ˣ  ׻ƽһ֮õ飬ǳˣҪǰӹAһʲô  ҪǼſʺҲÿû²ǣ  ϿУʵȷ𣿣
ҷǳȷʵǵ鱨ԱѾһЩⷽĲȫĲʵǡʵǷ˼˼Ҳ֪ΪʲôôҪĶϡ
УǷǳƣôҪĶһﵽôأ  ʵϣ̫֮ôԣҪΪ˵ǱAĳּܹġ
̫AĳǼֱ޵еĴڣΪҪһ㣬ǾǰӹЩ۸ֵ͵ġ
ǿǸǸȫֻǲΪ壡  ʵϹƨ磡
Դ󡢿֪֮ܣ
Щ˸һЩǩѣ
ŹܵϢ֮Цŵϣ߲㱨飬Ϻڴ˵Ⱥ򡣡
ϿŹЦŵУǸӰҪúõףһ£
Ҳʼ磬ʾԼʵûʲô
ֻһԵŷٻٻһο׵ʱƺЩо̫Ծˡ
ԭҪ׵ĸǰҫģû뵽ҫ˱˼ң
˭һܹܵأ  ŷٻٻļǿ˵ֱȿһҪܰ  ڿôѾǳ׵ĸоԼûϣ׷ǰ޺ˡ




512ŵԤ
 

ŷٻٻ
Ͽŷٻٻ˵ֲ˵ӣҲЦЦ
ϣҡ
ŷٻٻ˿̿ףоԼѾû˹ˡ
һԵ˿Ź׵ָ磬һ֮롭
׿˿˵Ǹʲôʲô˵ˣжϥлƽ𣡣
˿ڵָ磬ǡΪʦ
ΪʦǺǣҿ˰ɣʼҲûʲôսǣ˵ˣⶫҲҪԵģղұǽǳ͸˵ĻԺӦҲ̫ģ
׸ղŵǽԴ붼֮ϣǽ̺̫̫Ķ  ֻҪܹ͸ĻǾпܳΪĸֵġ
˵ʵûʲôԽǵģΪǱͲһ  ӵԼļټ޵еٵĻһҲп֮ܳΪ֣  ôһ˵˵УǸһ޵еˣ  ֡ղŵǶԲˣ
ŷٻٻһʮߵˣû뵽쾹ȻĵǸˣ
˵ڳÿһ˶оһ𾪣Ҫ֪ŷٻٻŮޣһֱǲģ  ǽˣ׵ķˣ
Цŵûʲô֮ǰ㲢֪ҵʵ𣿲˻ҪһߵĺãҪ֪죡
ţԺʲô𣿡ŷٻٻĴ۾ֱĶף  װڰֵҲǣʵǿķǽǾͻ֪ЩʱһζһЩڿ͵֪ʶȥһЩ֪ʶҵǽ϶ǿŻ֪ʶ
Ķ
ŷٻٻһŵĿף֪˵ӦģΪѹҲûбҪȥƭԼ  ЩʱӵľЩΪĶȻЩΪĶȴɸ¥ĵػĵػûдãнܹȥأЦŵ
˼ĵͷǰʵҲоˣ˵֮ǰҺ˰ɣǵĻ֪ʶʵҪʵ̫ˡһζҪӸ߶֣ⲻ֪ЩʱΪĶȴΪ׵ģܽˣ
ϹһЦνǴҲٻٻԺҪѧѧ
ŷٻٻݺݵĵͷϣԺһҵЩëĵһֱΪͬΪģڿǣ
ЦŵʵѾǷǳˣܹǰé𣿺Ǻǣ
ҲݸһЦʵϿײûҲһ
һԵĽףЩŹʵ֪ûȤ߹
һЦŵҿǿԿһ£
ʼ˵ϣҲ֪ͷϵ̫ˣ⡭
ҲûбҪһֱҿ͹ҸְҲͦõģϿ˿Ȼֲñ֮ͨˣ΢΢һЦԿԣҿ൱ĺð
ְ׿˿
Цŵְôˣһ׳ˣҵʱ򿴿ľεʲôھְĳ̶ȣ
Цŵȫ߲㣬Ҳ൱ĸߣɱ𿴽ǽ켶𣡣
ϣҾһСѣҿ쵼Цŵ
ϹһֵôĻ̫ˣôֻûд
°ЦŵϣҪȻȥһȣ
οĵͷһҲɿ˰ɣ
ֹһ󷴵ϵͳһʧЧһˡǲ֪һ׶εѹжôĴ󣡣ûûҹļǵĶ򰡡
ĺȦôԣȥӦҲǰ˺ܶҹˣ  ׿˿Цŵ֮ǰһѣרң˵һ飬оЩЦ
ʲô£Ȥʵ
״Źѽ죬ҲҪ˵ţҲò˼飡
ţⲻصһҲץ˵
Ǳ˵Ļǻûô⣬ȥǸˣ  ˵飬ǲЩʱ򶼲ˣ
Ҫ˵׿źϺͽ΢΢һЦ
Ȼ˵ˣĻҿŵġЦŵ
ƺЩԸ˵ʵҲ˵Щţ˵ڰӹǸأܻʯ
ʯ
ϺͽסˣҲ̫˰ɣ




513ٴ𾪵
 

¥ĸǰ
׺ͺϵߵСʱʱ䣬ոսӵϢ˵ŹһҪ
׵ԭҪţϢҲ
˵һʲôβεʵûʲôôҪʲôΣ  ںϿǷǳбҪģΪοһǣ
֪׵ʵݵĻͲôˣ  Źϵרܿĵִܻأ  ӳ֮ŹҲˬ  ղȥصػ㱨飬߲ҲΪ֮𶯣һлһѫºһӣ
ͬ־
Źֱ֮ӳ׵ķ˹ȥ  ׿ŹҲЦŵϣôʽɣ
ͬ־оصȹһΣɣѫºľΣ
Ź΢΢һЦףֻԼˡ
һԵĽЩļ˵ϣղҸѾˣǰȫְ
ȫְŹϳ˼һã֮ǰҲоڿطͬ־һȥͬ־ԺϽı˰
ЦŵֻҪÿ߾ˣʵβενΪһЩҲӦõģ
ΪӦõģɹҲÿһӢ۲𣿡ŹЦŵ
׵ͬ־ҪȻҿ
ЦŰԼеĺӵݹȥһ治Ǻܶ
Ž𶹶ҵθ찡⡭ôܣҲɵˡ
Ҫ֪Ž𶹶ǾǶǽ켶𰡣ԼƴһҲǽ죬˼ײŶ
ǽ죿ŷٻٻҲŵЩͷΪеĽƶǷǳϸġ
ʷ˵ʮͳΪҲûУǶսʱڣ
ƽʱڣҪʵǷǳǳѣ˵ٽҲʮġ
ʮĶǽ죬ȥȷЩŰ
̫˰ɣϡһнҲһϵر˽⡣
˽ǽҲ֪Ǽǳĸߵˣû뵽ԼȻһӾͳΪ˸߼ˣ  ʵЩ̫ˣ
ŹϹһЦֽΪǹҽһ鷳ΪǷϵͳĽһʵṩ൱İĹһǽʲôأ
⡭˵ҲǰƺоŹ˵Ƿǳеġ
׹һֵǺ˰
ŹϳϣֽԺܹΪǶǺܸߵİ
һһƺûϰԼݣһԵĽЦŵģԺֽߵĻǻʲôõĵأ
ˣ¾ˣֻҪ󷴵ϵͳĳ򣬵ʱָΪ˭أ
ŹˣߵʱЦݣĿɲĳˣҰ  Ź뿪֮󣬽ְֽĹ֤һϵеˣԵһ¡
ǰСʱ֮󣡣  ԼĹ֤ҲЩЦ⵽ͷԼõ˲ٵʵݣ
һԵףиһֳ֮У  Ҫ֪ˣ״ɱķݺ磬ԼĹҽѣ˼ŮҲݣ
ټڶ׵ظԽԽǿʹԼδ
Ҫ׼Ҫȥĵһʲô磬浽ʲôֵȥ׷ѰĶ  ഺפҪ׷ĶϾһŮ˲ǣ  ׺ͺϸ֮󣬴뿪˾ߣ
ʵҲ
ǣʱ㿪ʼ˵ĻļӦٶȸ涼ҪʵķԾĻʱҲԵģ
⵹˵ļٻֻҪﵽһĲεĻ׽Ķ˵ûʲô̫Ѷȵġ
ƶǶĵͷǡھȥһص𣿡
ǺǣղӦҲ˵ǵĶԻ˰ɣ˵ʯ׹ӹ
ЦЦĿ˿ڿһԵѾɫֱ䣡  ҪŪһʯȥǸذɣ⡭Ҳ̫ˣ
ǲţǲţҪǰһظˣǵҪһʯ
ֻеЩνɲܹɽĪѾˣ  ׺ٺһЦоһɵʱԼѾʧԭأ  һ۵ʱȴһۿȥԼ·֮У




514Ҳ
 

׺ڰӹϲʱ˶ˣ
⡭ҸղŲΰɣ
ɵˣƺһ̲ʶ׸Լ˵һоԲǴţ  һôܻôأ
ǳףˣ
ڿ׸˵Ļ϶ˣ
ЦŵߵԺˣͻ֪һոµͳǰ
ҡ֮ǰû뵽Ȼôɫ˵ģԼһ㣡  ֲ֮ǰ˵˺Ҷֱ͸һֻһļ򵥣  仰ĺ壡  ǿܹĽӴ磬˵ģһոµػǰ
ֻûУЦʵ
ֻˣóԼֻȻ
Цŵһ¼һ⼤ĵʱ̣ʱƵһתصģ
ͷվһɽ֮ϣԵķ󵼵ϵͳĻأ  ظոսɣԵʩӦûûȫĿʼת
ƺһȺԱģ;ģǱָ㽭ɽ
ȴ֪һǿһҲ벻飡  ȥȥʹ߰ɣ׵Ӱʧĸǰ  ڵҲЩֲˣˣҲЩˣ
һֻʼһε㣡
Ȼ֪Ƿ˵һһʯԣ  Ϊ˵ûչ  ֮ʣȻԭͷϵ̫ƺס˹â㷢һɫ֮һĳǸصķֱ
ҵ찡
Щû뵽һ̾Ȼˣ֮죡  ˿̣  󷴵ϵͳأ  ЩԭǱӲⷴϵͳΪٹϵͳҪӪ׶ˣ
Ȼ˲ٵ飬ɱϾϵͳѾɣܲܲðɣ
ڰӹѾ׻ˣֻܹĵȥˣ
ɵǱʱȴԭѾһƬ
ʲô
ҵ谡׹𣿡
ʯҲ̫˰ɡ
Ͽܰ
ЩƺһסˣɵȵǷ֮ҪܵʱȴѾˡ
ɫܿ󷴵أ  ¡һ֮Ϊ֪֮˻Ϊǵˣ
һ˲䣬ԭЩе豸֮ȫΪУ
ƫУ
ֱӱʯ˵ص£ҲκεĶ
زϵĲţΧЩľݼһӶʧ˵֮ϣ
ž  һƬžĳ棬طͷǳƫƧô춯ƧĵطҲȺһעˣ
״ʧһƬ֮ڣƺûһ㣡  ߺ󲻾ãӹľͷһƬ  ˰ʵ̫ˣ  ֮ǰһֵķз󷴵ϵͳû뵽Ȼһʯˣ  ǻ˵ʲôأ
棬ѾǱŽһĵ׻Ū䣡  棬AѾûа취ˣΪǵ󷴵ϵͳˣ
ˮһգ  ڵİӹ̫вˣĹҵȷǷǳᣡ
ױ̫ϲӹҲǳһڶ
׻ƾĳլԺڣ  Щ𾪵Ŀˣ˶ˣ
ʲô˵ʲô
һӴϱQ鿴ȥǼһ㣡
ģҸոյõϢȻĿǰǱߵϢڷ֮СҲ̫˽⣬Ѿм͵ĵ˻棬
Ǹ㱨Ҳһ㵵ĿŽʵҲôš
ĭ⡭Ҳ
˵ĸô֪һԼ˵ĻҲǴʵ
֪㲻֪ˣ֪ˣȥȷһ£ȥǱ߻㱨һ¡
ɫ˵ѾĪľ  ʵ̫˰  Ԥԣһľ˵׼ȷ  Źȥ೤ʱ䣿Ȼľʵˣ  Ҳѹֽˣ˵ʵκһϢ֮󣬿¶𾪵ԸӰɣ
úõһ󷴵أȻ˵û˾ûˣ
һ㶼׸ĹΪְ
ֻܹԤ⣬Ϊ֮
ʰһ֮󣬺ܿĳžĳԺٶȥ˿ѾǼĪ




515ĵ¹
 

¾ʱ  ¾ʱѾаҵʱˣʱ˵ֱǶ꣡  ԭҪһԼΪ
Ǻշʶ¾ʱĸܱ༭˼һ֮׻ƶýԣ  һбˣĿܹĴýһԼҵ
߰µʱ䣬һ⣬ǾԼһߣ
¾ʱҲǹý壡  汾Ǵһֹٳ棡  ЩµԼİ칫ǰ棬ǱŹַţ  ¾ʱý壬ĶʱҲû̫·ӣ  Сưʲôأ
ŹշһЩţʱ̵ĹעշһӰƬ  ¾ʱɵĲǺˬʱЩȥ⣡  һط˸ָĶоЩľƣ߽µʱ䣬Ѿ֪˶ٱˣ  Ҫǿշϣͷȥˣ
֮ǰܱŴﵹһˣΪԼ˵λ  ȴ֪ Ŵܱ౻¾ʱܱ൥ٸѹģ  Ǹһ˼˶㣬˵˼ۣ  ܱ࡭
ԭĿЩվţһҲŵֱվ  Ͼ߿ǲԵģ  ¾ʱܱ൥٣ͶŴ֮ìΪĵĵѾЩˣ
˵ʵһεԭҪԼһԶ¾ʱƵġ
û뵽ŴﾹȻмһӣ֪˭  ľȻǰԼԶݸˣ  ⻹ˣ
Ҫ֪ٿԼǰƱģⶪ˿Ƕˣ  ԭһǿ԰һʵϰߵݵģο֮ǰйģǰһߵôأ
ýרҵĲɷüʲôģĲǷȱ
˵ʲôǷȱĻǷȱĲ¾ʱһѣ
飬˿ǱЩ곤Ҫг徢Ķ࣡
ٿģȻӵģʲôϰʱȥվʲôΪ֪𣿡
ܣֻҪЩ˵дɣ
һ滹Ҫ˵дɣһʵΪЩʵ̫ѹ֣
û뵽ԼովȻͱٸ˸ţ
Ȼģ  Ϊ˲Ŵ鷳ҲֻϾҵλ
һ㻹Ʊ磿أ
ܣô鹤ˡ
ʱһʮµӣ𼱻ǵĴ Զ߶˱ŵϿ  Σ㵽ܸܲˣܸҾͻˣЦһ
Ͽʵһٹ߹ʱ֪ã
ɴС꣡
һμܱ͸ܱ֮䣬ʵЩܵĺܣ
ɵѾʮˣϾҪݵˣŴʮ긻ǿʱôվӰ  Ͽ̴Źܵܣô
ôˣϰڼ䲻úùҲˣȻǱ߿վʲôΪ˻ôã
ٿϿЦһ
Ͽ˿ĵܣСƸҲǰ˼ȶѧϰ
˼ЩվģϿϿξôô
پͲû˵ѾȻҰ˵  ϿпЦԼûһëǮĹϵ
ǵܵܣһദһദ뵥ܷģ
ദôദ
˿̾ۼԽԽ࣬ΧôˣٵҲԽԽ
Ŵﲻ𣿽Ҿֱ²̨  ֻҪģʱҲǸԼԶһˣ
ǵٵĿģֱɣ  Ŀ˿ٵܱ࣬ˣͲҪΪˡԸܴ
Ͽû뵽ľȻ˵һжĵӡ˸Ĺۣ  һŮ˼¾ȻάԼЦԼΪ˴ѹ˼Ҳûа˼ҸС棬ǲడ
Σݹƶȣ˵Ӧô죿ڰɡٳ
ܣҲ֪ģҿһξ;һ£ϿҲͶұˡ
㻹ǻӰٵɫ  ܣ˼ұһּߣǹעһǰĵλҲûʲôɣ
ڵٷ֮ʣŴѾǴ˽ɫҲĺܣ




516׵ĵ绰
 

¾ʱܲ  Ϊģʵ¾ʱҲôʲô紵ݶ˭֪أ
ٺͶŴ֮ìʵǾλ֮
Ŵһĸܱ༭ܱ༭  ֮Ͳôһ˿һŴڻһҪݵĵ˵Ǿһ޴в
˿ĺܽʱⲻȻǲܵ飡
ҪôҲнģ  һʼѡǱȽº͵̬ȣһĵ¼ƺΪ˵  ʵŴԼҲ൱ԩȻշԼ  Լûз̫ΪշԼͬʱҲǸ¾һܾкˣ
¾ʱֻ¾ҵµһѣҪ֪¾ҵǺ˺ܶܶĶġ
г桢СӡˢʲôǶǸͬĹ˾  Ȼˣ¾ҵʱʵϾ¾ʱһеԴͷҲ¾ʱ
¾ʱ¾ҵŵռȷٿԴﵽٷ֮ʮ࣡
һ¾ҵŵܶ¾ʱܱεģȻҲпսġ
ļλǺټֱӽ¾ҵŸ߲ģ¾ʱܱ༭ǰ϶Ҫ߲ġ
ǲ࣬ǳĲ࣡  ŵپȻôݵȥΪһСŴ֪Լġ
ԼǾԲܣ
ҵŶ֪͵ٵĹϵãʱ򵥼ҪԼŸɣԼ˵ĻԺᱻΪûе  쵼õⲻõҲͲõط
ΪкܶҲɼģ  Ŵʲô˼˼ͲҪˣЦһ
ʲôʱ˵仰ˣҪñӿҵͷϰֻ˵˼һСһվôˣôҲͬаɣ
ŴҲʲôʡ͵ĵƣŵǵʲã
ŴﰡŴڳ֮Ѿʣʲô˰֮ǰҷֹʱȷİýһ㿴ʲô
ĲǸӣʽĽϻˣ
ŴЦһκһվҪվոտͨŰʱ䣬Ѿ˶ʮֹˣ㻹ҪôΣ
ʮ˵ˣһʼһˣöʮʮʲô𣿺ߣаʱ䣬ﲻµϵĻǵʱĽ𡭡
Цһ֮޷ǾȨͽǮѣ
֪ԼҪѶŴĿԷǳСʵĵλһЩǲܹƵģ  ҪƵĻʱ˭Ҳźõġ
һӹɣ
Ŵ￴ŵٳҲŻңԼԼҽΣҵҪܲ
Ϊһ쵼̬Ҹ㣬ҵҶ˵ҵŵ쵼ͻÿٳ
壡
ʱĵֻˣ쵼Ѿˣʱ˭Ҳܽ绰ˣ  Ŀ绰׵ʱȻûԥľͽˣ
ŴﰡŴ㿴нˣʲôʣҸ̸ʱôĽӵ绰
Цһ˵ģʵϲں׶Ŵ
ŴͬЦһнҲʲôطȥģ
һߣѾǽ˵绰  Щоεǣ˵ĿⶼԼϣǳС  ιãİĵСƺҲ±һ㣡
׵ȻûģЦŵ˵ɣ
㷽㡭
ĵĿУǿһﰡǵ˲զΣ
Цŵñ˸㴫һƵ
ʲôƵЩʵҲһͷˮʱ׺úõĸԼʲôƵ
Цŵ֮ǰŵ˵㰲ŵ¾ʱˣոշһ㲻֪
ʲô°
ԴһƬо֮ǰĴ¾ΪԼ˸űܱһ٣Ȼܱೳˡ
ǹ󷴵ص飬㻹֪ɣһڰӹΣͻȻһʯֱӰѰӹǸʲô񷴵ظĨƽˣ
ЦŵˬԾͰⶫģҲǣ
ļٵİ
ĵʵ̫ˣ⡭ֱ͸һ㣡
ƵѾֻˣ㿴֪ˣ߻еȹҵ绰˰˵͹˵绰
Ҫȥ̫幬ȥϤһأ
һ뵽Լӵһɱ֯쳣˷ܡ
ʱݺɽ磬ҲΪڶŷɥɣ




517𾪵ĶŴ
 

绰֮Ļһ֮У
ӹ󷴵ϵͳһʯˣȥôоôĲʵأ  ֪ӦòԼЦģ  ֻʵЩ˼飬ôôɵأ
ĿԼֻϵȷһƵ㿪һ  ʱ䲢ǺܳҲһֶӣɵ֮˶оԴըˣ  ʯ  ǸƺҲ൱𾪣滹˾ͷϵڻζĸо
¾ʱܲ  ˶ĿţǶоʵ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪ܹ¾ʱѾΪ׵ˣȻҵô쵼ӵ绰
ӵ绰ҲˣȻǱ߿Ƶ
ô쵼ӵ绰Ƶڼ֮ǰվҪĽడ
ģʲôлû쵼ˣ
ʱǰ칫ҵһ˳Ͼ쵼ǰƨĺûᡣ
ŵٸԼһ϶ǸθоԼĻƺˡ
Ŵüͷһ壬ȻҲоЩˣ  ʱҪģƺҲЩ̫ˡ
ĿһǸΣڸΣҵôû쵼ˣ¾ʱµʱ䣬Ϊ쵼ҸʲôԼ
㡭ʵ̫ĿˣڸεЩҲסˣ
ٿľȻҶ죬ϿΣҾͽˣҲϣ߻ܹ
٣ڸһСѾͷһʶģ㵽Ұ칫һ¡
Ŵһ٣Ȼ׼ȥİ칫ҡ
ʵҲǸɵӣѲɲ֪ŴԼô
άԼȻȫǿԼӣҲǿշϰɣ
֪ԼƵķΪһŹߣԻǷǳǿġ
ղֻǱ׵ЩŵˣѾǻָˣ
ŶŴɫӣ֪ʱҪһǿļˣ
ߵ˶Ŵĸǰܣи㱨һ¡
ŴɵĿ˿ĵʲô飿
ĸȻ˵һ£ƺŬҪĺ«浽ʲôҩ
ǻû
ûŴˣ˵󷴵رʯһٵʱ˶סˣ
˵жƵʱ˳׵ɵˣ
ŴһΪصˣһصںܶʱ൱гǸġ
ȻڿһḻЩ͵ĶŴ  ԼʮӣŴŴ𾪵лζ˹  ĳ㡭ղ˵ĻǼٵģ
ǶŴﲻҪ飬ʵ̫ˣ
󷴵ϵͳ  ¾ʱѾ˲һˣ˵ˣ  ÿһεݼǴͬС죬ȻӲͬڴϢⷴϵͳȴһֱڵġ
˵󷴵ϵͳһʱ俨еһ̣
壡  Щʱôļ򵥣κˣǰЩνĶСˣ  ܣһЦ𣿡ĳ
Ȼ֪ŴΪʲôӣ˵ʵֻҪŹˣ˭ֵ֪ĺ壡
ȫԹעĶʾʹʲôһڶ죡
Ŵ֪صľ޴ֵ˵ʵʱҲһֱڵ⣡
¾ʱڲ²˵ûʲôģ
һըԵĶŵĻǲǣӹɵģ
ֶҵҪõҲ൱ѵģ
ղΪĸڿЦģɿǼΪı֮ƺпˡ
һĻôеѹѾɹ֮ΪѹΪǶ¾ʱܱ༭߲εĵʯˣ
һεȷĵĻõ˿϶Ĵ֮˷ˣ  ŴĸоҪըһ㣬ּЩɫ൱ĵλ
ŴʲôҲЩ˵ڸʲô
ʱĶŴﻹٷ
ŵЦһʲôϵԼˣģڸȥһ˶¥
ŶŴ仰һ¾ʱܲˣ  ˺«浽ʲôҩ
һƬɵĿ֮УŴ鼤Ĵȥ¾ʱĶ¥




518²ŵĺ
 

¾ʱ¥  ǿ¾ҵŵܲڵأ¾ʱȻ¾ʱһȴ¾ҵŵӹ˾
ܲҲ¥һ㣡
¾ҵһܾκԼİ칫Ų衣
λѾʱˣʱҲǲ²ûʲôر۵
Ҫһ¥ҲǸоЩѣ  Ȼܾλ÷ǳɺκʮ꣬ԼԶ󱧸
Ҫʮ긻ǿ;ʹطԵĻҲ̫Բ֮ǰ;ͨˣ  ˣ
Ŵ˺κİ칫ңκһŴ֮ҲЦվ
ܰأκһŴҲЦ  ң£Ŵһ˵κҪԼҲЦ
ĵȻżܵȵģ  κŶŴЦŵ϶Ű˵ɲҪ֮ǰҹˣ˵¾ʱŪĲǺ˳ǰɣ
ܣҲ֪˽ոߣܶû֪
ŴҲǽ͵
κ˿ŴԸҸɣǶ˵Ĳ𣿡
ܣҲ֪ܴң¾ʱҪҲǷǳѵģŴҲһӵĿˮ⵹  κŶŴЦЦϵҲ֪СһЩҲҪעⰡ֮ǰ֯ģֻûʲô۵ֻҪ¾ʱˣܿͻȡ
ֱ˵䣬ɶŴȻˣ  ŴЦŵܣһģʲô𣿽ҹҪһϢģ
ϢûϢõϢˣǸͱʲô۶ӳκҲʼ
ŴһЦܣһεϢҪǲõĻԺ¾ʱˣ
϶϶ţ˵ôô԰Ǹ˲ţһ᲻أκ˳ˮĻ൱Ĳġ
Ŵ￴˿ĵܣҸһ£ģ¾ʱļߡ
˵϶Ű֪ҲˣκŶŴжЦӣҲһ
˵ܰϹʲôذŴû뵽κȻһ뵽Ǳ֮ĶҲЩˣ
κúõĴһļ߹ʲôѲһС߻ʲôʯƾĴŲɣ
ܾǺܰһӾ뵽ĸŴһЦģ˵˵
ĿźκܣһȥӹΣĵһЩƵ
˵϶ҿʲôЦӹҲó˵û¸ɻôΣ
κЩˣŴﻹʲô鶼ó  һӹĳƵǴţܴʲôطȥأֱǳ  ܰ˵ƢôôͲĵСƽŴưǴ쵼ϰˣΪ˼뻹һʱĸı䲻˰
ĿźκܣӹһֱΪ󷴵صֵ÷з𣿾ڽ죬󷴵س׵Ĳˣ
˵ʲô󷴵زˣҿʲôЦأҪ֪ؾ˵ǻ˽Žģ˵û˾ûˣ
κоԽԽˣŴ￴ŸоҲ൱Ĳˡ
˹Ķʲô˰  ˵ˣҲܹԼǲΪԼѾµˣ  Ļǵһʱ֪ĿӦþý˰ɣ  Լڻûյصţⲻǳô  ܣҵһʱӦһģҵѾƵˡĳ
ƵͷƵٵʵ̫̫ˣΪƵģôŻȥƵɣڵЩŻվͿʼˣκţ
ʱŴƺҲоЩȷպκ˵ǾϢȵȰƵĵֻϣ
˵СưղҶˣ鿿ײװ
ŴҲɫЩѿĿģҲֲʵЩ·
ˣ  ʱ򣬺κֻһ֮ɫ˲ֱ䣡




519һٰʮ̬ת
 

¾ʱܲ㣡
κԭɫ൱ĲÿоԼŴʲôˣˣ
󷴵صŲ˵Ҳ֪Ǵţ  ֻҪŴղԵĻǺ䶯ȫشţ  شţΪ¾ҵŵܣȻ֪
Լ֪飬һССļô֪أ̫ˡ
κҪ׼˵ʲôʱȴԼֻѾˣ  شţ
κյһţֻĸ֣شţ  κ̴ֻȻͨ˶Էĵ绰
ιܣиոյش벻ҪǸ˵ƺ쳣ļȥЩŮ
شţжôش󣿣κʵ
ܰһεǵһĻһ΢΢һЦ
ǣͲҪˣ˵ʲôʲôǮκʵ
Ȼ˿̶ŴĶڳòûʲô
ǾʱЧԵģҪõõţǾͱץסʱЧԣ  һܶ˶֪ģںκҪĻʵţ  Щ²̫ˣȻҲһЩʹڵĴ£ǻ϶ǵһʱõϢ  շļЦЦܣֻܸһεǹ󷴵صģ۸һ򡭡
˵㿪ʲôЦһ򣿣˰ɣκһ
ҷˣҪ֮ҹ˰ɣ߻ֳĶͼƬȻЩģɾ󰡣
շļߵ֮У͸оһĵ  κû˵󷴵ص飿Īϵ¸ʯͷٵˣ
ܣ㡭ô֪ģ
˵оһľ֣·ʲô˼һ㣡  ʵǸһȥӹԭ׼ٱһ󷴵ص顣
û뵽Ȼ˵ղǱߵһʯͷǱ߾ͱӹˣ
Ҳ̫ˣ
оǵһţΪʱֻҲеһֵϣ
Ҫ֪Ȼ϶ҲϢˣеͼƬǼֵǰ
һһļֵ  ô˵ˣκһ֮ŵòѵ绰ӵˡ
̫ˣҪĻǸղŶŴ˵Ļˣ
Ѿ֪ˣҲ֮ĺ ɣʮҰͼƬô
շļ߿źκѾ֪ϢҲ֪ϢѾʧȥһļֵˡ
ʮ򣿺ǺǣһһϢɣ
κһĲղĵϢǲмһ˵ĻôѾǼˡ
Ҫĵ󷴵رƵĻǼֱֵǾ˵ģ
ղ˵ԼͼƬǶһ޶ģô붼֪ƵЫζһݰ  绰֮ĺκ˶˾ͷ  ᣡ
һôõĻƺ֣һҪܹһڶĻô;Ҫٳ߸ͷһ  
֣
κһЩЩĲһ֮ȶһСǰɣ
ܣģĳǰһ
κĿһµǸǸղ˵ǸʲôƵ
󷴵رһʯ˵Ƶֱӵ
𣿡κЩ̫ȷʵһԵĶŴƺҲһЩԾܣҪȻһ𿴿һҪĻ
ȿȿȡκĿһܰҪȻһ𿴿
һ𿴿һ𿴿
ŴҲͷ˵ǼٵĶ˵ʵҲûʲô
һҪǺܵأǵʱɾһ߱ըԵŰ
Ŀ˵ѷǳĿɿ˵ʵƵԼվźܿҲġ
ǣС˵ǡκ̵
ĴƵƵĻܿת󷴵أʵ̫Ϥˣ  Ҫ֪κǱѾһˣôܹϤأ
ŴﾪȻǷأǡ
ƵһĴʯһԵĺκͶųһOͣ
̫ˣʵ̫˼ˣ
ټһأƺ֮ͱһĻᶼûС
桭Ǳʯ˰İҲ̫ù˰ɣ׻ƶŸɾⱨӦ
κһ˵ʵϻƵʲôĶˬ




520ûҳ͵ĵ
 

ٵİ칫ң  зǳĲܾʲôŹֵĵط
ŴôžֱܵǱȥˣѲҪúѹԼɣ  Լİ칫ԽԽԾԥ˰֮󣬾ȥһ̽
κİ칫ң
ŵʱ򣬴˿̺κŴ϶ӿֳһĨ֮ɫ  ڼ鲻ĲƱо˲ƱҪˡ
˭
κסԼ˷ܵ飬֮Σ
ƿŽκͶŴﶼǱߣһԵվһԣ΢΢һЦܣң
ܰκȻôϲ˱Ͼ¾ҵŵİӳԱ֮һ
Ȼ˰ӣȻҲһĵλͻȨġ
κҲ̫һҲûʲô˼д١
˵ҪľΰƵļֵ󻯣  ܰиҪ㱨һ¡ٿ˿ŴЦһ
κŵٳܰʲô˵ɡ
ģҪһԱ
ٸ֪浽׷ʲô飬òܷʲô飬ĸ˵ĶԼô򲻺ڶѣ  ⵥҲ̫ԼˣúκôԼӵġ
ȻǶŴܽģһϰҳҵ쵼ӵ绰ҶײԼһֵˡ
κҪڰӵĻЦԺԼ쵼ɾûа취ˣ  Ա˵ܰĸԱʲôĴҲ֪Ǳҵŵʣ⿪Աɲôİ
κ˵ĵһʵڻⱨҵſԱɲôÿġ
£ҪһԱûκε⣬Ҳøһɰɣ  ôصĿԱԺ˭ұ֤ˣ
һҵֻҪش⣬ǲᱻġ
ⵥһ͸Լôһ⣬ʵúκвˬ
ܣһԱϰʱվѵʱȻҽӵ绰ҶײңҲĻԺôڰ
ٳһĽȻúκ൱Ĳˬ
һ˵ĻȻЩĸо  κԱȷЩ˰˭

ٶݺݵָģƺڸоһڶһ㣡  ֪ʱҪߣκ¶ߣ
ⵥʵʱ̫̫ˣ  ŴЦһʱʱκῪģ
ԼԴŸˣĻֻҪǸˣһ뵽ľǸɣ
ôܿأ  Ŵ΢΢һЦܰСƸ涼Ǻģܰҵи顭
Ŷʲô飿κ΢΢һЦʵ
ڵĺκ޲ֱȥپӣѾⲻ
ĵǿԼҪƵ  ҪƵĻǽŽߣ˵Ѿǰ϶ˣ  һʱǸԼ
ŴЦŵҿ¾ʱ粿ȱһְλǵСг徢һһĹ飬ҿȫʤλ
粿ǿвλ
پöŴˣȻʱ飿֪ܰ  ѲɾΪŮĹϵģͿںκǰô޼ɵ  پãǲںκǱͨģ
ЦһһµСᣬŴﰡŴ㻹Ǹ밡
ҿܵܲ
κûп٣ЦЦ
ܣҡҵǳôܹʤôҪĸλأ̵
ʵкγףеƵļֵѾǳܶ˵ˡ
СƣɲҪǫ鰡ҵѾǼʶˣ粿ӦЩˣһͷȥҿ϶ǲеİ
κϧڮԼλõһɵۣ
оѾԼ֪Ǹˣôܻأ  Ů˵ʲôȻܹõκʶ
ѲŮĹϵǺκֻܵĻڴκ  뵽ߣٵɫһӾ  ܣʲô˼Ҫˣ㾹ȻҪΣŭɶ˵
ֱǲԼа




521¼˹ײľ
 

ҵĻģ
κŵЦһڸῴٵķӦˡ
˵ĵļֵɲܹġ
κѾһΪԼ;ˡ
ܣ㡭
࣬ŶŴĵ棬Ȼŭȣôµ̨أ  ôˣţ㵥¾ʱôʱ䣬ʲôرĹˣκЦһ
ǣҵûʲôرĹףһµСױҴ𣿡
ٵλϣҲܱĺǳ⣡  ʱȻ˺ˣҲẦκġ
κЦһƲĹ׾ҪҿҪĶ࣡
κŴﴩһӱΪҲ֪ľǶŴĹϵһ֪ܲǹȻ˽ף
ٵɫѾ˼㣬û뵽龹Ȼᷢչһ  ѾһˣҲûκεİ취ֻܹӲͷƤκŸˣ
ʵļ𣬶ŸɾԲǵѡ
ʱҪϼ֪˵ĻǶ˭¶ûкô
ɵʱĻԺ̧ܹͷ  ôҲ¾ҵŵĸܣ¾ʱܱ༭
˽ף㻹˼˽ĸ֣¾ҵҺκûһ棬㵥ܿ²˵仰ɣ
κⵥپȻʱҸԼţҲ˿Ĳκεӣ
ĲҲǿŶŴĹϵ𣿺ߡһʱҲûʲôֻܹŶŴˡ
Ŵ΢΢һЦĵȷҽܽģ֪ܲշŵƼһΪ˲ţ˲ΪʲôҪСɲʲôݡ
ߣ٣֪˼СΪ¾ҵŴʲô𣿴һڷɵĻᣡôʱ䣬ŪȨ֮ʲôҵһ첻һ죬㻹˼ǰߺ
κ̲סˣ֪ʱɵﵥҲܹģ  Ŵ￴һ۵ٵ˻һԱƽ֮⣬ҿҲûʲôرĵطˣ
㡭ʲôͻϲʲô¾ҵڷɵʱҵҪţʲôƵˣ
ٸźκͶŴĻֱ˵ʵ
ȻҪ֪ĻҾ͸ˣ
˵꣬κͰϢ˵٣ʵҲ޷ûκεĹϵˣ  ʲôôܻƵ󷴵ôܱʯأ㡭ǱҲһġ
һϢʱʵҲţ  ȻϢһӦ϶ģΪŹߵĵ٣Ȼ֪Ϣļֵ  ôҲ󷴵ϵͳֵķзģȻһϦ֮䱻һʯˣ
ʵ̫˼ˣֱǿЦ
㻹ǲײĲᰡҸ㣬֮Ҿͻ淴Ӧ ͵ž̸˰ɣ
κ󵽵¾ҵŵһֿ˵Ļʮ㣡  Ŵ￴ŵһ±ƵӣЦŵС㣬ȻҪĵĻǾͳ׵İɣ
һԼֻеƵһεĲ˳  ϤĻ棬ʯ׹ӣЩĵ˫ۿȥƺûôˣ  κͶŴ˲ڴ٣һ첻Ļʱпܷһ
ȻĹմϣСͻеģ  ʱżȮ춼пܵģֻϧһγ׵ŭ˺κ  κôڸзĻأ
˹ײģٻܲᣡ
κЦŵƲƵҿԹ¾ʱͷˣ
ܣҵһ뷨
Ŀźκ֮ƺƺܹδĺˡ
κЦŵƲлֱ˵ǶԼˣ
ĵͷʵҾƵԹվһʱ䣬ҲƵİȨ
Ȩκ˼һʵƲʲôĽ飿
ܣκŶʱЧԣŵʱЧһǺܳģһռݰٷ֮ʮʮֻҪһʱ䣬ʱûͿռܶ࣬϶ǻϵǳ۰Ȩˣ
ĿźκԺҲѾһ뷨ˡ
ƲѾǳ˰ҪȻȰƵվϣȻڡ
κЩεĿĵ




522û
 

¾ҵܲ  ԱƵ뵽һԭPVѾʼϵӣ  ܡܣˡ
˿̵ĺκͶŴټ¾ʱ粿ߣ  ղĵƵѾת˼ŵΣ  νӽ¾ʱרվʣͬʱҲżŵΣ  ΣƵѾȥˣأκʵ
ӽЦŵһжķԸ͵ı仯أ
մȥӣκӽʵ 
մȥӡӽЦŵ
ӣûʲôЧκЩʵ
ӽվ̨ܡܣǿIP388ˣûϴƵ֮ǰIP116ϴ֮ӣѾͻһǧˣ
һǧκ΢΢ЩʧӦǺһʮˣ  ŴﾭԵ˵ҲǶһЩ
źκЦŵܣͲҪżˣӾѾôѾ൱Ĳˣ
κر˷ܣӲվȴţ  һСʱӽʼ˷źκܣIPѾͻˣһѸ͵̬ƣƵĲѾʮΣһСʱ
ô죿
κͶŴհе̸ϨˣһϢ  ӽƶ˵ٶȼǳּαСʱ֮ǰͻһһСʱʱѾͻˣ
Ϣ֮Ҳһ  ԭҪһ֮ģƺ¾ʱһܴƽ̨
Լܹƽ̨վȽŸĻδҲһչĻأ  ĵ뷨ܼ򵥣ԼҪҵڴԼ
ԺǳȥʲôģʱҵڲҲ˹ϵȽ϶࣡  κһҵˣ
Ʋϲ˰κĹЦ
ӽҲЦŵƲҪϲ˰һδƵǿ¾ʱһµʱ
ӽھͲ𣿶˵¾ʱͻһֱҪģҲǸо൱ܣ  ʵҪľǺܶ˸֪
ڽ¾ʱͻûƽʱҪ̫̫ˣ  ֮ǰǸǸֻAPPأκȻ¾ʱʱͶǧ򿪷һ¾ʱֻAPPΪһ˷ѣ  Ϊʱ䣬¾ʱҲûг׵ķչǧͶʵǸAPPȻʱ䣬ʵûֻİٶ
İٶʵ̫ˣ
ʵһǧ¾ҵŵǱҪװģȥ֮ĻʵûҲİٶ
滹ųЩ˵ļҲһװˣ  ŴһҲΰֻأ
ӽһԴֻͻ˵ĶάѾǷƵˣɨһ¶άֱӾͿˡҿһݡ
ӽִܿһ̨ݣ˿ֻAPPؿͻʱ˶ˣ
ûˣӽ˵ҪûصĻͶʵļֳֵˣ
Ҫûǲܹκƺڹ⣡  ܣ˵ʵûʮĻǿ϶׬Ǯˣӽһ㶼ŵ˵
ûжʮĻÿĹѿ¶вˣ
ǧͶʵ˵ֱջ̫ˣ
ֻе˰κ
ȴʱģҲĵģȴǷǳļģ
ӽÿһι㱨ʱ򼤶ӣκҲǸоһο  Сʱ֮󣡣  κͶŴﻹʳŷ죡
ٷһԾСʱκСƣʵ̫ˣ
ܣҿǻǻȥϢɣҪȻݣŴҲѹԼĵļ  κͷҿУҵֻᱬģ
Цŵܣû˸ϵȨţ
κ΢΢ҡͷ˵ĵ绰һɲӣݳ֮ǰһжǰ״ҵø쵼㱨һ飬ټɣ
죬ƺΪڴ  Ȼȥˣȥ֮ҲԼĵһ£  ȻҲֻڶͨûеһԱɱϾһһ
Ĳ֪ģʹӺͺֱܷ֮󣬺ܵĵ绰Ǳˣ
ǺκĹػĻǶž͹Լܵˣ  Щڹ֪վƺǷһѰ¾ҵһֺܵĵ绰




523º
 

ڶһ磬κӾѾǸϵ¾ҵŵܲ
ϣŻվ̱飡
ֻһͼƬҲûУ¾ʱ൱ĺݰ
һƪ򵥵ű渽֣Ƶ
챻ˣ
ӽ˷ܵһҹû˯Ψһæµǲӷ
κ󡢶Ŵ˵ĵϸǳ˷֮ɫ  ˣκŵĵһ仰
ʵΪĵҲǴ쵽ⲻʮСʱݵж٣  ӽһܣ˱ˣֱϢݰ
ӽǰɣŲڳְ
κӽҲЦһѾǳڴС
ӽ̵ĸĸҰ쵼ͻIPͻǧ򣬶ƵĵͻڣݻڲϵС
ǧڣκоԼѪѹڲϵߣƺ˿һ㣡
ǵĺܣӦ˵ǧ߰򣡣ӽһεĸһĴ𰸣  ǡֻͻأһԵĶŴҲʿˮ
ֻͻˣһAPPѾǽӽһǧ򣡣ӽǼ˵
һֻAPPһǧû
ʲô  ˵APPһת֣ʮǾûκģ  ûǱû㻹ûйӪҵ
˵֣Ǿ˵ְκĿЦĵСưҿҲҪʲô粿ĸˣûˣ

ıκĻһǲǷ˰  ոԼ٣⻹ûʽоأû뵽ھȻָԼˣ
Ŵ̵ҿУ̫ˣûСƣҿλڻǿλɡ
κ˿ӽAPPûһǧǲζˣ
ӽźκܡܣô˵ɣڵû˵Ļ¾ʱվڵĹֵӦòʮڣǵֻͻ˹ֵӦòʮڣ
ʲôһĹ᲻̫һ㰡СκƺЩŵʵ
ţǱصĹˣûϰǵĶʽһƵʵϾûһǮĻǾһѭǸITרҵģǶġ
ӽŵ˵һ㶼ûпŰ
Ҫ֪û棬һվ͹ˣȷΪصһ㷨
еоҪˣӹˣһӱøһЩ̫ϰ߰κһЦ
ԭҵԵλӯǵĸĿģ
ĵλҪܹӯĻ;ϻԱǶ൱ĸģ  κֲɵӣȻ֪վĳɹ˵ζʲôǾʱ
һԵĶŴҲǹһЦܣ㣬ҲЩԲ¾ʱվֻͻˣôأ
˵ҲǣȻǮȥˣҲֻǹֵѣҲİκЩ̾˵ ˣ
ӽ̵ƸרŵľӪŶӵĻźܿͻһģʽʱ׬Ǯǳ飡
ãӽͽȥ죬нκ̵ǲҪǶĻԳˣ
壡
κĵ绰һֿʼ  źܲĵ绰κǼ˵ģӡҲ
˵ʵһֻȫصİһûн
һˣΪĿĴﵽˣ  ¾ʱ˺ֻͻѾǳ׵ĻѾûκεĺ֮ˣ
Ŵ￴˿κҹžӦƲ˵̸Ȩˣ
κΪͬĵͷָһ绰ѾǱͨˣ  ܰźﰡ֪ܻǵòǵ°ȥǳˬʣҲóһ˿˿ļУ
ܰôܲǵأ£κЦʵ
ӦòµҴ绰˰ɣ۰ɣﵹҲˣ  κ˿ģЦŵѾ¾ʱ粿ĲȫȨ£ҪȻ̸
Ʋû绰ܲ鷳һºܡĻδ䣬κЦŵ˵ɣƲҵԱߣ
ЦЦܣĴģ




524·İȨ
 

ƲãҾֱˣźҪǵƵ
Ļ൱ĺڵģƵֱǿЦ
˭ƵҲһ¹İȨѣԼķ  ЦŵĪǵСǵİȨֻȨǲţǣ
ǺǣҾûԡڨڨЦЦ
΢΢һЦֻҪ۸ʣҲǿܵģǳԲ£
ƵİȨֵʵ̫̫ˣ  ЦŵʮڣȫİȨ
ܣҸһݰɣǵƵϴ15ʧĿǰûѾͻǧƵͻڣҪǣǵֻAPPͻ400ӵһǧ򣡣
ÿһݵʱ򣬶ʵ϶΢΢ĴŲ  񼶵ݣҲֻӰŲܹõɡ
ƵδһڣһµʱڶΪ𱬵һƵ
ʮڣʵҲ֪  ڨЦƲҲǿЦԹɣȨѶ٣
ղ˵ļ۸ҵǾúܺʣЦŵʮڣ
Ʋһ߷壬Ѿ׬貧ӯˣֻǼʣµĶѣƵ˵
ʮڣеۣ  ܣҲΪܵĹϵҲҪ˸ۣղѾŻվϵˣֱӵľ֣ǵļ۸񿪵ĶֻͣǺ˵ڵȵȶѡ
ƭ˵ֶεͦģ⾺֮Բȥѯ۵ģ
ʮھʮڣ̰ԭƵңȷҵվϣǮ֮ǰ϶λ
̵Ҳûκԥʱ䣬ʱǽǮ  ˭һǾ͵ǳڶⰡʱŻվûͻΪźû
յĿģ¾ʱľΧ֮ڣΪǵķǲһ  ã֮üŵ˸ǣټЦŵ
ʮڣ۸ѾǱȽϵˣ  Ĺ˵绰κ˴ĴָƲû뵽ڿ۷Ҳŷͬһ츳
˵Цˣʲô츳͸гһģЦŵ
ܰһӾ׬ʮڣ̫̫˰ŴҲһ˵
κװ˵ʲôǵδһƬģ
ܿĵ绰һε𣡣  һСʱʱ䣬Ľӵʮͨ绰һֱԼûиǩֱӰƵЩˣ  Ҫ֪û¾ʱȨʱǿɾȨģ
֮ǰ¾ʱͻˣѾעƵǶƵδȨתأ
ĸܵ  ȻˣʱѧķΨһĿľǲϵѰ¼Ƶ  һֱŵ¾ҵϰʱĲ΢ͣЪһᣡ
κͶŴ˿Ѿľˣڿڱտڶڼ̸У
ָоʵ̫ˬ̫ˬˣ
ڶˣƲκȻһֱߣҲûͳƹͳƵֻһˣǾģ  ıѾǼĶ
˶۰ܡܣ
񶼿Ϊ¾ʱĳˣһһܾ͸ܱ༭ǳǣң
׶٣ŴЩʵ
ʮڣıһ˵֣  ʮڣ
κͶŴȻʮڣ׼ȷֵʱǻ̲סһľ̾
ܡܣôǮѾ㹻¾ʱĺչˣ΢΢һЦ
ʮڰôҲˣ
ݣİȨã  κͶŴһϲ󣬶Ĵ˿ҲоԼ³˸ɾ
ȳɼվǼһϲҳ  ٵİ칫ң
˿̵һȻ˰칫棬ΪѾһƬϲգ
ҵƺڴЩϢһҹ֮Ʒ·˸Եĸı䣡  ʵڵ֪Ƶʱ֪Լȥˣ  κͶŴƾ϶ܹһ¥ģ  Լע˾ǸһҲܹһ˳糵Լλ΢΢ι̣Խκλõġ
ڿƺûˣ  ̫幬
ײ֪ΪԼĴһƵ֮󣬾Ȼ˵Ȼ󲨣
˿Ѿ˾̫幬  Ī̿һһִһŮ񶼱ЩϬˡ




525±𾪵
 

̫幬´
Ī̿׵Ավһ޶˵ŮӣһԵҲǻ࿴˿
սʱҲǾ°Ͷˡ
ʵ֮ǰѾǳɹĸܹһηľȻ縡ڿеľ̫幬ʱһεľˣ  ֺ롢磡
ƺɼʣʲôطеġ
Ů  ˿̵ӳƮƮŮһŮˣоԼһ˿İ֮ɫ
ʵϣԭԼò൱ŵģ  ɴպĪ̵һоԼЩˣȻڶԼʧȥţǸоһЩ  Ī̺գȫֲͬҶּµ
ŮƺҲǾģ
̡Сգ˰ǽһ£׿Ī̺Цŵ
Ī̾˺ã
ǺǣһôʲôЦŵ
һԵЦŵִ磬ôһʹŮ
ԺҾ̫幬ˣҲ΢΢һЦ
ڻǺܿĵģ֮壬ǿʣ
͸Ī̵ĴһʵֶǾʡ
˵Ȼ쳣ǿ󣬿⾪֮һҲѷɫڴʣ  קקĪ̵ʵһõĽǺܴġ̶̰µĹѾ̤ˡ
ЦŵǵĽͦģŲõĽ̾ͻΪһ֡һҿǸǴһˡ
ߣĪ̿ף֮ǰԼʲ˽⣬ʱǽ֪ʶĺ档
ԼҲһȽϲ˽⣡
ʣ缫Ϊʣ˵涼ҳһ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô׶ԼôˣΪԼʵһԭ򰡣
ƺҲûиоʲôףԼҲõ˲
ˣ
ಣ
ӰһһԵһһ˶ûģһ׼ҲûУ
ʵǰɱֵʱڱ˵ĸǰƺҲĸоûиоô𾪣ϾЩѾԼ֪Χ֮ˡ
졢ϣţ
һֵ൱ļʱƺ˾õһ㣡
˵ǼӶջǾ֪ˣ׹һֵ
Цŵ˵ˣ˿ҽ̵ģ㺰ù𣿹
ϣԺһ÷аʯڻеôʱС
΢΢̧ͷ˿죬˿̵Ѿ徳ˣֻһˣ
΢΢һЦ⻹øл˿ҪȻҲд˵Ȼ
׵ͷϰ⣬ⵣҲܹɲˡ
һЦܹȴʵ֮ʦ˶ҵ̧
һԵϣҲЦЦˣ˵츳ǾµĹ򣬷ѾһͻƵļҵȺհ
ĪҲǵĿ˿ףҲЩȵĸоˣ
˵Ψһ뷨ǾԼʵʱܹԼˣ˶ѣ
쿴˿ף׼˵
ɵͷһһԵʱ˶ˣ  ڡˣҵ۾ûлɣ
һ൱мʶˣ˵ϣŶûпóǰʣ
ˣ֮壡
ʵϣ֪˶൱٣Ϲʱھ˵ֹ֮壡
ٺ˵ֱƿ٣ȥ
һιھ֮Ĵ˵ʵ⾪֮ص̺֮ԣ
ΪԵı־ҲΪĽһط  ԣǿٶȵ  ׿˿һֵϹȻǺû뵽㾹ȻȺʶ֪
Щ˵Ҳǿ⾪֮ĽܣȷǺĺܣʹһڼʡû뵽˾Ȼ֮ʶܹ޹
һˣ֮ϴʣǼֱ޵˰  һţҪһʣǻϾǱˣԼƲ̫۵ţȻʣ
ϣЩ𾪵ʵ֮壿㲻ǸҿЦɣ
һԵҲʼǾ֮Ļǿ˲˰
˵⾪֮ʹʼֱλһ㣬ǻЩ˽ģ⾪֮˵ĻǸʶ
ôῪЦϲˣһǷˣʲô
ҲЦŵʵһһ뷨




526³Ӱ
 

ˣӵ˷˺λ
ЩΣԭ˵֣Ȼ䷢Լ˼ҽʲôҲ֪
˵
һε͡СʵδŵǰᶨȻǲģ
΢΢ҡͷ
ɽ֮У֮꣡  ʵȷǷǳĲɽҲûС
֮ԭʹ۸ӣһĿǿҪ
Ȼ˵ʵʤҪ߳ܶ࣬ɲ͹ˣ
ȻѾҪôȻб޻ˣ
ĻԼΪʲôҪһȥɽأ  ײһεˣȻǣҲҪϵİղ  ϣܹۼҪʱĻۣ
ˣ⻹ֻҪʱϤĻʱŷ˺СҲְ
ϣһ𾪵Ŀף˻ǲŰ
һԵҲǵҪ˵ģʲôõĵأ
΢΢ҡͷȵ˺ʵĻᣬǻ֪ġҸ˵˵ҵ뷨ɡ
˺ͼ־ҵܹĦġϣһƨ˦˹ȥ
һԵҲЩʾ˵ǰ˵Ĵ£ŲõĽҾ̫幬Ȼĵһţ
ֻЦЦĿĻԼڲõĽһǻʵֵġ
Ŀϣ˵һǾǺͼ־  ׸ԼҪȥɽЩɵǶŸɵĻǶŵˡ
ҲΪʲôڲô˵һԭ򣬱ϾЩˣ
Цŵ֮ƾٶȣǾ̫幬һ׽ɱһ֯
ɱ֯Щ𾪵Ŀף뷨ʵЩ쿪  Ҫ֪֮ǰûй֯ɶûмĹͱȺ֮ˡ
Ϊʲô  Ϊ֯ĴǾսϰ  ǲеģҲ֯ġ
⵽ʱǾ̫幬Ϊа  ܲľ𣿾̫幬һõķŬһǲǰѾ̫幬
һԵϣɫҲһ䣬ǻһܵˣ⡭ʹð
ôˣ
ԭԼ뷨ܿᣬû뵽˵ھͱϣˡ
ЩƵĿϣһɱ֯  ϣ̵ˣʵǰҲйƵɱ֯ǿɱ׬ȡʯʲôģɺֱӱЩŸΧˣ
ΧˣЩŲҲǿ˭˳۾ɱ𣿡׳ʵ
ϣʼ⡭ҲǣˣǶֻݹٷŻյƵˣһǾ̫幬ɱ֯ĻźܿͻᱻЩŶϣȺ֮
ЦһҾ̫幬ǲɣ鲻ˣѾ𣬾̫幬ʽӰְܾΪҾ̫幬һͳɨһбҪϰ
һͳ磿
˶ǱߣǶô˵һƻ  ǲǷ˰һͳǿǲܵ飡  ֮УҪһͳĳﵽĿĵģĿǰΪֹ˵ûУ
û˳ɹûһ˳ɹ  Ȼ˭֪һɹǽǰ޹˺ߵķṦΰؽʷᣡ  ôû˳ɹ
׳ǼߣҶΪ̫幬ĸ߲㣬Ҹ˵˵Ҳ޷״ӳ̫幬һ𣬱ҪɵĵһĿһͳ磡
۲Ŵԣ˾壡⡭ѶҲ̫һ㰡ϣоԼҵһΪˡ
һԵҲǺ侲˵ˣϣ˵Ѷʵ̫̫ˣ
˵ĵȻڣϣЩֻҪɣӰ֮׼ɣһ
׵ĿǳĺΰⰵӰɲΪãΪԺɽã  ÿһ밵ӰˣǶϸѡˣ  ǣˣ
Ҳûκεİ취ѾˣһٵķǾĲʶȤˡ
ˣˣ⻹һ¡ϣƺԼ׵ĿģһҪᣡ
׿˿ϣָ˵ôµģ
ϣ̵ˣǰˣڲμӶᣡ




527¶
 

᣿
׵ȫʺţĴỹжôһ˵  ôоǹŴֻأŸоģ
ϣЦŵˣ˵˵ڰɣǳ֮һ˵еĳǻõļ֮һˡ
Ҳǵͷܹ֮ΪŵҲжʮĳһ㱻֮Ϊʮ󳬼ţĳһ㱻֮Ϊʮ󳬼ţ
ⳬҲ֣֮׻ǵһ˵
ǰȷ˵ܶڳŵ飬ⳬŷΪǵһ˵  Ȼһ˵ҲǺѣ  ʮ󳬼źʮ󳬼ȣ϶ʮ󳬼һЩˡ
Ǻǣһ˵ͳΪţֵʱкܶġһ˵ĳʵʮ󳬼ţʮ󳬼˵ԴžͲһˡ֮һһŻҪһЩġ
ϣһԼĽ͵Щִ˲ƣӣ  ЦŵڵĶô£
ԭҾ칬̫幬λţ˵ļһЩǶǵΧ֮ڵģÿҪǽһЩ
ϣʵ֮ǰҲǺϡƽ飡
׿˿ʵ֮ǰڤеô£֮ǰڱĶ𣿡
Щε˵ˣ֮ǰǺͿˣһֱҲ֪̫幬;칬֮ìܣǶһֻ۱һֻ۵ģ
ϣŭһˣʵǸˣÿ˽¶ǻЩڵͲٵĺöΪľܹȫҾ칬û뵽˵㶫ǾȻɽۻҪʱ֡
Ҳ⡭ȷҵĴ
װڰֵ֮û˭˭ЩǵĴѣڼȻǵλţӦƽϢ֮ìܲǡһֱĻʲôҪ
ڸųֵܣ˽½ʱ֪ġϣƵ˵
һɽݶȻҾ̫幬ѾӦþûʲô˰ɣᵽǸʲôģ
ᣬʵÿҲǻٰһΡһΪ˹ǵȨҲΪ˼һŵĸϣ
һԵŵͷʵܼ򵥣λ˭ҪǶ˹ھǿȥĽԵõڵһЩ
ΪʲôҪôһ׶Щ˲Ǻ˽⣬ʵ
ϣ֪ҲЩһ췴ȻʵܹѹЩˣǸϣһֶֻǡҪǣμӵѡܹʮꡭ
ǰܹʮ꣡ص㣡̾һ
ƺЩ׹ǵĿΪѡ˲ţ
ӢһʼҵҲ֪ôΪʲôΪһǸȥġֱһΣһųһλʵ꣬š
˵͸һɲ֮ɫ
ϣּӵܣȻ̫幬ˣȴڵĿ꣡Ϊ̫幬һͺֱˡ
׵۾һʵԣǿ˰˻𣿡
ˣ
ŵȦһ죬ᵽʱƺЩĸо
ˣ
׵Ĩһ˿ɱ⣬ڻܹ̣˲Ű
ⴿǿ൱ҪǱԼĻԺһս  û뵽ھȻ˸Ūˣ
ˣһ󡭡ͨһ¾Ȼˡ
˵
ֻһ֣ԭµѾվ
ŵкᣬˣŷһһ߸ӣһ칬ĳͻս
ţ⡭ҲҡϣںųΪֵܣƺҲ
Űڰֵս⣬˵Ҳ֪ǸҵĶӡڸǿ°ߵǸԵ꣬ҲҵĶӡ
⡭ôû˵أϣһʵ
ʰΪҲ֪ҪֻһӵĶӷҪȥμʲôᣬʱһʱ˷ҲûпƵסȥμ˶ᣬ
ƺҲ˵ȥˣʧʹһֱǷУþĨƽ
ŵǣԼڻڵĻôӦҲʮˣѾΪԼľսˡ




528ȡ֮
 

̫幬´֮ϣ  ŵɫ൱ѿƺԶʹ
ûκεİ취ΪڵĶ֣
ܹڵĻһͳ̫幬ˣҪȵ׹
һᵽᣬ˽
˶֪ԭŵлһ˵Ĺ£һԵϣû뵽
𾪵УԿóǾǵһ
ôģ׿˿ʵ
΢΢ҡͷˣҲ֪ڴصϢҶΪ߻ħɱˣ
߻ħɱˣĵͷˣţڰ˳ɣεĺܣҵпڵ۷
˼ǣҡҶпܻţ˫ɺ죬Щʵ
װڰֵܽΣʮ󳬼ţΪһͳ̤ʯɣ
˼ҪڣҲһⳬȻгŵĵ̵ġ
ĳţһĵ̶ûеĻô֮Ϊء
ʵ֮ǰȻҲǳ֮һǵȷƲӵʱ  ϣڣΪǵľ̫幬ᰲȵķչϵĻڶѾˡǶò𣿡׿˿ʵ
ǿԣɡһţʱҪ൱ѹǶеˡ
˵û첻ģֻͨĹϵ»Ĳܲ졣
ҲǾ̫幬һӰο൱Ĳġ
ôõһƣԼˣ̫ϧˣ
΢΢һЦκҪ赲Ǿ̫幬ǱؽǵĶ֣ϣȻһζھУǾ̫幬ǳ࣬ǲǸ᣿
᣿
ƺЩ׵˼Ҳ֪ʵ˵仰ġ
ĵĲֽϵʵǵıǷ̫ϳϣ  һû̫ϳϼģеɣ  ֪һĳŻٶ̫ϳġ
̫ϳ͵ĲλҲ徳۷ˣ˵ڵʮ󳬼ţ龳ǿġ
ܹ徳۷ĸ֣һ֪Ѿ൱Ĳס
龳ĸأ  ûգһˣǾ̫幬˲߽⣬бڵĿԣ  ׿ЦŵȻǸˣղҾ˵ˣһɽݶҺ˵ôһأǾ˭ĳţôڵǷȡ֮
⡭ȷô˵ϣʿˮ
ѾǾκˣҲ̫˰  ˵ʵǰһԵ죬Ҳû뵽յ뷨Ȼģ
ȡڣΪʮ󳬼֮һ
ȷܹʮ󳬼İ취ַȻǽݾȴĺ÷
˭ûȥսʮ󳬼ŵȨأ
ǻˣҪ֪칬̫幬ԭڶλŵеһԱ
ڣеλż֮ڣ˼һһĭӶܹŸ  ˣҪȡڳΪ½ʮ󳬼ţ뷨ҲЩ̫쿪˰
֧ˣԸЧͣ
ӵĶΪԼĶӱȻҲ֪ȷǺѣȴԸ׷ǰλ  ׿˿ЦŵϰҷڵӵԽԽСˡҸղѾ˵ˣҵĿԶֹڴˣһССڶµĻҾ̫幬ǲҲ̫һأ
ҲǰЩͷڵ˶Ӳһ治֪ʲô˺µġ֮ǰЩģ룬߲¸񰡣
ԣ¸񰡣ϣҲҧҧܿˣҾǲӦݷݷǶһЩ徳ǿ֮ڸڶҲٰϾڵʵ
ųϣһںǹȥĿ֪ܲϸԭӦڽӣһĶûСһڷֻɳһССŵӣĿѾǲԶˣûв´ĻӦҪɱӺˣ
ҲǵϣҲ̾һ
ˣ֮ǰҲλĹ飬һںҵȲμᣬĿĲ
¶һ˿ЦݵһǵĿ̫ʱûиֵءȶֵĻȻٺòˡҶ֣ǰ̫幬ҲҪģҸҪģ
׵бŷһɭ֮⣬̫幬ڶ֮У츳֮١




529ڵ̬
 

ŵԼҪ̵ʱڴ̫幬  ȵ̫幬һֻУȻ鷢չ  һʼҪȥģ粻ɣ
ȻҲʮ󳬼֮һȡ֮ǱȻѡˣ
籾ǿʳ磬Ǿ̫幬ôأĿҲǲð  Ȼ˵ĻΪʲôԼƶأ
Ȼǣ֪׵ʵµֻڵ̫ϳ϶ѡ
ϣ˵ǵĶʵ̫̫ˣϾص֮⣬ǺȸûκεĿɱԵġ
ǶһܹôأʵǿҲȱְ
ڣ
λھ̫幬࣬۾˵ҲرԶ  Ĵ֮ϣ˿ĸˣΪ׵񡢴ݰףһӵŸʡ
˱طܣ˿ɫÿ
ֱߵλߣΪڵĵһҲطܵұۡ
ʣµλͬҲڵ󳬼֣Ԭκ͸  طٿһ飬רž۾̫幬ġ
Ϊ̫幬ڿһͷһ൱õͷ
꣬ûн
ʵ˵ν飬˵ÿٸʮҰ˼ҵŲأ
ȻҲܿЩɣͷȴĿ
ڲ˵Ͳˣͻ˲ضΪ˸صģ  θ칬̫幬ϲ飬ôûиһ㱨طһȻĿһԵ
ˣҲǸ֪ûжá֮ǰľ칬̫幬Ҳ֪ġ
̫幬ϣţطܿʵ
⡭һĲ֪⵽ô£
ЩʵҲôȤ̫幬Ǻϲأ
һԵĸԬЦŵˣ֮ǰ˽һ£̫幬˵һλĽʲôҲ֪Ŀǰµĺ񲢷Ǵˣ統һλŸ֡
ǣ統Ÿ֣˭طҲЦһҲĳ֮һ  죡Ԭγ
û뵽һһֱѱģȻԸΪ˾̫幬ˣطܵǷһ˿ЦȻţҵǰʲôأ
˵ļǣһεĶǲǸ̫幬һԬεԱߣ¶һ˿΢Ц
ߣطܵа¶ƺѾǶˡ
֪Ҫʲô̶ȣ˵һԼ޹ؽҪСһ㣡  Ȼ̫幬źϲΪһţҿһҲûдڵıҪ˰ɣط¶һ˿Цԭһǲ붯̫幬ʵ̫ڷˣ
ˣʵ֮ǰҾ͸飬ݴ̫幬һѵĵطΪؾһڵõؾĻǵʱʮҲǲܰ
ؾΪôôؾȷǸöΪؾľô֮ǰ̫ϳ˵ؾҪķѴʯôʯһҪǼߵؾʲô
طҪõؾĻܹõˣڵȵڣ  ʵؾһҪ̫幬ƣһ漴ƣҪؾҲ׵顣
ҪΪʯҪǮһʯ֧ŵĴĻؾʹõҲôˡ
ԭˣǼȻ̫幬ûκεôˣҿһξͳ˰ɣ
ԬҲΪͬĵͷ̫幬ǾҪ
Σ
طܵԵúǵͳǰ֮˵֮һɫӰĸǰ
˵Щͣȥƺûκεĸɫʣ
һ˿ʱ϶Ǵһ˿֮ɫΪǰ˵ʵ̫̫ˣ
ʣ  վڸǰĻʧʹΪ˾ΪѾ˵ĶӣΣ  ֻοȥͳźܴĲͬٴǶܲ
Ǳ˿Ƶľżһ㣬ȥΪĹ죡




530ɱ˻
 

ڴ֮ϣ  طܿԼӰһҲĵͷ  ΣʣڶھıѾΪطĵ֮һ
αط֮ܿ󣬲ñΪľżͿܣ
طʱ򣬵õһЩܹƱ˵񣡣  ξǱô˵ƵĴһҲûиεʹá
ͨ߰˸ӵʵ֮εϲŸõġ
ξһ㣬浽žɱҲûκεġ
ˣ
εЩ˻ƣԼһҲơ
ԬεƺѾϰˡ
طܿγȥ̫幬˶Ŀ꣬ɱ
ǣɱ
ƺûκεķϻطһĿǣҲɫ൱ᣡ
°ɣط΢΢һЦƺεӡ
ҲҴȥҲҴҵӣط֮£ȻˣǱ̫幬Ǳߣһ˼ɣ
Ӣγ̫幬Ҳǻر̫幬˰΢΢һЦ
طܵˣ̫幬ǱҲȸһĻ
죿Ȼβ徳ڵĸ֣Ѱ徳ڵҲһĶ֣򲻹죬ɱҪô׵նɱҲ޿ܣطŵ˵
ԬЩǵʵν̫˰ͲĿơ
طһЦҵĿƣ˵ʵ
˵ϹʱʵԽȼĳֻпƽ⣡  ԼѾ徳۷ǿˣ߳ȼˣ  ˼ǿߣǼֱΰ  ΪʲôҪΣһǾֱɱ̫ϧˣΪһڵʱ̫ܣƣҲǺзǡ
һʯ񣡣
һΪ龳ǿߣĳǿǾǺһĴڣ  Ȼطû뵽ǣˣ
ɱ˻
̫幬
ԭ׵׼ճȥڵģٵһ죬ʲôῪʼ֮ǰˡ
Ŀǰٶ˵ȥڣҲǷַӵѣ
һо֮Уʲôżģ
ţɱ
һɼΪŨҵɱ̫幬Ͽӿһ˵ȷǸܲ
ǿʶôܸܲأ
ԭĪ̺˵ЦţɵüͷʱĪҲЩǵʵִ磬ôˣ
ǣпҲкк
˵꣬ѾʧŮ˵ǰ
̫幬棬˿̵ѾһȻĿŶһɫװӡ
ߺˣ
쿴ŶŨҵɱ⣬ҲЦһ
ʣһ֮˶ˣ  ˣ˰һˣҲˣǴʵʱƺðͬ뷨
ʣ  µòĻӦþŵĶˣֻû뵽⻹ûȥأھȻһݴ  һξ֪һǱĳطס񣬲֮ӦҲǳѧߣӦܹܴ˺
츳ߵĻ˵ѾǷһˡ
ܹô̵ʱڰһѻһλ֣˵Ǹطƴ˵ˣҲǻ˲ٵġ
̫幬
οǰ죬üͷһ壬Ϊ͸˵ʵ  ӵֻһǾɱ˾̫幬ˡ
һָǾΣյ£һʱѡصطܵߣ
طܾԲξô˵ĻȻˣ̫幬ʲô֪ܲ  ϣȥź׳
һֵʱһ
׿εķӦȷ˵ϣ˵Ķˡ
ǣˣ̾ȥҲüЦ
Ҳû뵽ΪѾ˵ĶӣȻˣʵǷǳǿ  ⴿʹȻǸǵð
ȻҲεΪʲôӣõץС֮󣬲һж
ܣ
ԼҲû뵽СӾȻôĻ  Լת֮ʣȻֱӳԼٿϣȻһƷ
ð⻰˵ĹȻ  ھȻΪһƷ  ˿̵ʧƬռ֮Уһγֵʱǽһߵľ룡  ȥɣ




531
 

̫幬⣡  Ǿϲֻθ֪ҪԵǵʲôˣ
ಣ
һɫ⻮ʣǵɫĺһĨ޾ĺɫ  ЦһСȻʵĿǰҪԼӲЩˣ
ǰһƣһ״ǽѾĸǰγɣ  䣡  εĹȷʮֵǿ徳ڵʵȻγɵķһ㱻ƿ
ռһ𵴣  ǿӲޱȵײһΪģһԲε籩ϵĳΧɢ
һ춯أ  ǣⴿʹȻǹǿˡ
ҲĨһ˿ԼҲû뵽徳ʵΣȻоһ˿ѹȸУ
Ҫ֪һֻѾ̤徳˰⼸൱εĲ࣡  Խս
ǺѵģԽսһ¼ǲֵܳģ  ׿˿Цŵϣ㻹һó࣬ԽǾֻ֮ԽԽԣ
һɣüͷ΢壬ƺսһ㣡
Ķ죬˵ɱѾǽʧˡ
ΪõһָǾǴ򲻹ֱӾܣ
طһصˣȴʵĿܣԺ
ԭ̫幬ʵҲ֪ģһԽ̫幬նݳˣ
һ˻ǽ̫幬ԭ̫幬ˡ
ܣ
׿˿Σһ˿Цݣôһôأ  Ϊסңοǰף¶һ˿ɭĿ⣡
ΪסԼʱȴˣ
ؼ䣬һֺѹ˲ѹ˹
ļµ˸оǳĲ  㡭Ǹ֣
εĺԭ൱ɳƣڿʵ֮ҲǴʧɫ
·ӣ
ʱֻһ뷨ǾǾ룡
̫幬ʲôʱĸˣд󺧣ȻǿܣҲԼΪ˼άġ
ӡ
˿̵е·ѾǱ׸ˣнЩ  θоһʱȴִԶȻһӣȥʶ  ŵйˮȻѾкܶûмԼĶӣһ֪Լ֣
ӸԼʱ򼸺һģһֻһЩ鶯ѣ
ָѾˣ
׳ʵӾ֪ڵ״̬϶ǲġ
ֲҾúܲ˿Ұĺܴ󰡡
Ҫ֪һʵˣ൱Ĳ׵ġ
˻˵ĴۿסǰΣ˵ûκεĿģԼˣ
һεսϵͻƵ龳ĻµʱطҵĶˡ
СΣ㻹ʶ𣿡ŵд޵
ĻԼĶҲﰡ
οЦһߣǾץҲҵеõκεϢ
𣿡
΢΢ЦһѾһţ
䣡
˻δӦ֮ʣ֮УһεĴѾǽγ׵ĸס
ˣҪ
ſ׶ԼĶӶ֣һֱܵķӦ̺е
һԵ쿴ŵңǵ˳֮˵ɣ
һԼķ򹥻ʶĵֵһ£  ʵϵȷŲСĲ࣬ǴȴҲֲĲ࣡

һƺε˫Ϊزס˵Ѿ뵽֮У
ʱһɫεĸǰһţ֮һγεķȥʱ
ѾǱһ̽ɫס˿ö
⡭ʲô
δʧɫĿףⶫҲ̫һЩ
ֱӾͽԼסˣ˿ãоԼڵûа취
ˡ
ſαסȴûܵκε˺Ҳǳĺһ  ׿˿κ΢΢һЦΪ徳µˣҪĿƣǾԲܣҲһʱʱѡ
ȻŶ𾪵Ŀס
ЦЦƳϵĿ˵ɡ
˵ֱ꣬СһĴʧ˾̫幬Χ




532Ƴ
 

̫幬  ˿šϣ棬Ƕɴ۾ڶʲô
һɫķĻεĸǰ֮ȥ  ׵֮вͣıŸָƣĶͷҲðһϸ  Ϲ
׵üͷһ壬û뵽羹ȻҲ  Ҫ֪ɽҲһΪܶܵһΪ
صֱӿƱ˵ҪƳѺѣ
Ⲣɽ֮ãĻҪƳ൱Ѷȣ
  һһɫѪĴεĶͷϲϵų൱ĺˣ  ʵϸ֮ǰ׿Ƹ֮ͬ
ֻ׵ֲٿַûʲôɱԣΪΪƻ˵  ꣡  һɫĻ棬׵ĸǰ
֮˳֮ǰױƳĺɫѪʼϵĴ  ԭǺɫѪıʺ֮ɫ    һζ𽥵ĿʼӿһƺɫεϿղϵð
ڸʲô
еĵǸԿóԼĶһΪ尾Ĺ֮С
ָ֮ǰѾ˵ˣӦǱ˸ˡӦƳơ
Žȭͷףһʱʱƺ̣ܶȴ൱  ֪һΪƴḶ́ҪԲλбƵѪ
ÿһεǺķѴ񣬲ԿԸоĳһ˵Ŀƣ
׾ԼЩֵõģҪȻĻⴿǻľ͸˷ˣ  
۰Ͱ͵Ŀ֮ʣŭһһɼĺɫѪˮǱ˿һ㳯  ţ׵ĻһȦǵѪˮȦ棡
𣡣
һ£ԭѾʧĽɫһεĹâʢ  ܿ죬ǵɫѪˮѾǳ׵ʧ
ϡָ׼׼ȥڡЦЦȻָָһԵεĿǰҪϢ
ˣҶŸϽܵ׵ĸǰڵûκε˼ˡ
׿˿ŵѾָˣֻҪһʱ䣬ϾǱȽϵصģûиµҪָǲܵģ
ʵǿһ龳ĻµʱҪƳֹ൱ˣ
ټöǶһЩĻ֪ҪƳҲǺѵģ  ˣҪȻŸһȥɣϣ
׵ͷҪģλţźǾ̫幬Ǻ£ھȻ˱ӵֶοΣҲʲôõĻɫ
  ںطŶ飬Ҫ֪Ҫʼˡ
ֻĿǰ̫幬˾ȻûеһĲˬ  ط̸֮ܺʣȻطһѪˮԼĿ
ţ·Ǳشһ㣬ɫһĲҰף
ˣôˣطܺö˶˵ͻȻӣҲһ
ϾֻطڳʱͻȻԼĸ˻߱ɱĻҲӸϵģ
طܵɫֱ䣬۾ɵϴϳֳһĨŵɫܣԲܣ
طܵ˫΢΢һ˲оԼʧȥϵ  Ҫ֪ԼϹź׽οסİ
ˣ׷ʲô飿ҲһãȻĿطܣƺЩĸо  طΣʧȥϵˣ
ʲôôܡһĨ֮ɫʵ˵Ϲס⡭һǲǱ̫幬˸ɱˣ
ɱˣƾ̫幬ǰôܣԲܣ
طܶεʵŵģϾҲնɱεģ  Īα˸ץʱʧȥˣһ˿ϣ
طܲһԼǵѪˮʱȶ֮󣬱Ҫ׵̫幬Ϊãɱ֮
ˣ̫幬졢ϣ
⣬һͳ˵
طܵˣϣѾˣ˵Ӧòǡ
ҳȥȻˣǾ°ɣ
طȶһ̷ŵҩ֮ҲǴǵĳڵĹ㳡ȥ




533¾̫幬
 

㳡
˿̣λλŵѾ˶оЩֽĶ˵Ĺ죿  Ļһ׼ʱĻ  ɽѾȥһʱʱ䣬ƺûпʼļ󣡣  ˵һξ̫幬ϲ֮ûиڽ
ļٵİҪĻһο¾̫幬Ҫù˰
˭˵أ̫幬Ҳ̫ˣȻλŶУ
ҿ쿴̫幬˾Ȼˣ
֪˭ں溰һ˵Ŀⶼ׵˵м䣡
һ̣ܶ˵ĿⶼǷϣһԵϣǹע˲Ǻܶࡣ
֮ǰѾǽˣһͷβ  Ҳ֪˭ͷ˭βȻһ춯صĴս
ӽ쿪ʼĸ־ͻĸıˣ
ΪҪ֮λϵʱȴһ档
һ֮
˵
һƳϢ˵ĶУطԬκͺ˵ͬ£ǳ˹㳡ߴ  ư磡
طܵ۾΢΢ɨһԵ׵ˣüͷҲ΢΢𣺡˭˵Աߣ
ĻӦþǾ̫幬ε
һԵмЦЦһ徳ûдﵽСӣ֪ʲôʸλã
طһЦһг鳾
Ŀܼ򵥣Ǿ˾̫幬ļȻһˣ  ᣬǧĴͳ
طܵ˵·һλǱϢ˵ţƺڽйݣ  Сʱʱ䣬Щ˯ÿһξٰ춼Ҫ飬ƺӦĽ࣡  ˣΪҽϣڶ֮ǰλλŵǣһҲòһ¡
λߺȻһ䣬Ŀֱӿ׵˵һߣ
׳ϣǿǶһεĶذʲô˵ɣǶλŵġ
һ˿λ׳ϣҲǺٺһЦȥһһ͵ģ͸һ㡣
׳ϳӦԺ󣬰˵ÿλŶҪλŽûɣ
ʵνĽļûأֻҶǸŭԣϾǿҲ൱ڽһЩνıѣڵıˣ  ûУûС
˶ЦǺǵ˵αݵطܵ˷ǳ⣡  ˭λأǵĹؾǹأ
Ȼû飬ⲻλŽţǵӦô죿
׳ϿһӦȻӦõġ
ǼӦһ˳Цһ׳ϣΪλȻҪλŵľҵڱӻô꣬һЩʯʲôģȻҲӦõġ
ǰǰӦ˵ļǡһվӦԱߵļҲ͵
Ӧ칬̫幬ԭţϳһţֻҪһΣѾǱˡû뵽ǾȻ㣬Ҫ˵Ļǲڷˡ
Ӧ籪Ҿ̫幬θɣҪ
ϣΪԭ칬ȻҲԼͷġ
ϣһõھȻ䵽һ徳㲻ϵСӵ£ҿԽԽȥˣ
Ӧ籪Цһһ̤Ҳ൱Ļˣ
׳Ͽϣһ̫幬Ǵ󵨰
ϣ¡
׳ϣڰ֣ԭҪȳͷģڿҲûҪˡ
ڽڵľǺ磬˵ϣǸ磡  ǣˣ
ϣ쳣Ĺһ׺ҪԿλŵģ
ȻϣҲǵǵĺܣطķǳ
죬꣡  ôججĻţƴһʱû׼ܹƴһسء
Ҫ֪Ϊ˵ĳ֣ԼôܳΪ徳ǿߣ  Ϊ˵ĳ֣Լľ칬ѾǳΪ̫幬֮ʱԼǻ֪ء
ղ˵Ǵ󵨵ǰɣ׿˿λ׳ϣһԵİ׳һĲ
һʵԼ磬Լôһֺ֮أ
ߣ̫幬Ŀڣǣ׳ʵϴľڣ˵ڸ߲̬ȣ  ˵仰ʱ򣬵µ˶֪ˣǸ̫幬һ֣
ĿľҪɽ𻢣Щ˾֪ܲأ  һССĳϣʸ˵𣿡Цһλһ¡




534һ
 

ţ  ׵̬޼ޣ  ֮˶ǿǰľ̫幬  ڵĵֻ̣ˣ͸˵Ĵʴʣ
Ӧ籪徳۷ʵ  ҲһλһŵʵҲһ֮бȽǿˡ
ղҲڻ˵ӦǺߵˡ
Ӧ籪һʵλŵĴôĺôܶ࣬һôǲýڣ  ˿һ̫幬ˣȻ˵Ű裬ȻҪˣ  СӣΪԼ˸ʲôŵţˣӦ籪˿Цһ
쿴˿Ӧ籪΢΢ЦʸҼ˵𣿹ȥ
죬ôû㻹ôѱ
طʱվ˳ȻѾʼˣôȻҪֶѹˣ  ڵδ棿
ԭطо˼ŵİ̫幬˸ˣȻȥε飡  طܣ㻹ʶҰ  СӾͽˡӦ籪ָλţһӦ籪Ընɱˣ
׼ˣ
ط΢΢һЦǰСʵƽƽӦ籪Ӧûκε⡣
Կһ̤վ׵ĸǰƻֺ꣡
طܺٺһЦθȱ衭
ȥɣ
¶һ˿ЦݣطܵĻ͵ǰ֧  칧Ķ׵ˣ
ȻҪֺαأ׳
ǺôĿطܲмĿһףСᣬȻʴʣӦ
ҾϲˣӦ籪׵
ڵĹ㳡룡  Ӧ籪Ѿվ䳡֮ϣ˵Ŀ˿̶ѾǾۼ׵ϣ
ڸڶԿ˵ĵӻǴĺܰ  ̫幬Ƿ˰ȻҸڹȥ
㿴ҲҪ̫幬
ߣһ徳ûдﵽСӣȻҸڹȥ治֪ôģ
Ѳɴ˵ıʲôǿıɣô˵˵ûκεĻ
䳡ϣ  Ӧ籪ֶһַ緶
ЩĵĿףСӣ
׻ĴЩĿӦ籪ʵ㱾Բģ
СӣȪ·ϵʱһ飡
Ӧ籪׳Լķ˹Ѿƶ  һȻҲĿģڿŵ칬ĵ̸ġ
ҪȻûô飬ôܳأ  ڸ̨֮ϣ
վطܵ˵ԱߣȻҶûж֣⶯ֲ˭֪岻
طȻǲ֣ܶʵ챾սʮֵǿ
ʱԼ˾̫幬֮Ȼϣаˣ  ˣ˾ȻӦ籪Ķְ
ǰˣСһỹ֪ᱻӦ籪ĥʲôء
ߣ֮ˣȻʲô³ģ
ɲأСӿ¶Ӧ籪һ֮У治֪ŵǴʲôطģ
Ԭεһ˵ţڿûκεѹ  첻мһδ廰
ʮӦ籪ҲԲ˵Ķֵġ
طܿ΢΢һЦ죬ҪȻǴģʲôܹӮĻҡ
طܻδ֮ʣֱһȵѾռ䣡  һ̣  ޵Ӧ籪УѾһĨ֮ɫ
ৣ
һΪ֮ɫ䣡  ˳Ӧ籪ķȥǰɫĹâ˳Ӧ籪֮д͸ȥ  â  ׵ѾǴӦ籪壬ͣ󣡣
ţһ֮ڸղߵĹϲϵıѿ  飡
Ӧ籪ǱĽâʳƬһ㣬ûüһߣ
׵ʵӦ籪徳ڶûдﵽܹأ
һ֮أ  ׽һնӦ籪Ѿ룬漴ʧãã֮У
⡭ʲô
ǸǸ̫幬˰̫ˣ
ֱǲбҶѾоӦ籪Ϣˣ
Ӧ籪Ѿ˰ɣҪ֪һ徳ڵǿ߰
һУ⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣ
µЩһƬȻ˲ըˣ
ڿ˿̵ףվ䳡ϵὣսһ㣬Ȼ




535̫ϳ
 

ڵ䳡
˶ǵһΨϣһȻĿųУ
׵ǿǼʶģ徳ûдﵽ
ɵӻΪ˿Ǿ̫幬
Ҳ̫쵱̲˰ɣҪ֪һֻѾ̤徳ڵǿߣ  ˻һ徳ûдﵽҲ̫ܰ
ž  һ̼ž
쿴طЦһô˵ˣǺǣҪҴ𣿡
طܵüͷһȻˣ
˵ʵȥɲ⣬СС;Ȼ˵ʵҲп  طܳ
Цһڴӽ쿪ʼҪΪȥʽˣ
䣡  طֱӶˣ  ûκεһǶ˶ˣû뵽Լˣ
֪һҪ֣һѾ˵׵ԣ
׿طܳҪҾ̫幬ҵֻзˣգҾ̫幬սڣȡʮ󳬼ŵλã
׵кâƶȻ㣬˶Ǳ׵ĻԸӣ  ᳬ֮λ
Ҫεȵǲܹ˵óĻǵ֪֮Уһսŵϣûе飡  
طܿЦ˼ʵǿһΣһ˶ѣ  ǳսҲܹһˣ
ֻطû뵽ǣ׻⳵ս  ۵ҩһ㶼ȱʱӦûκε⣡  Ǳ㿪ɡ
ЦһѾһֱս״̬ڵѾǸٵĿʼת
ˣҪףʵҲЩ£һֲ̫ˣ
ʱ򿴵طҪԳҲûκεİ취  طܳãΪСɱңߣ̫ϳϲӲܵģ
̫ϳϣ
¶ϲɫ֮⣬û֪ڵ״ڲ̫ϳϣ
ߣ̫ϳڱչأȻ֮ʣأطЦһ
Īʦˣ
ʱˣʦͻȻʣ汾кܶΣ  Ҳл֪ģ
طЦЦеƣȻţ  䳡ϣ
׺طӶ˼ˣΪǵδͻغԼŵδ
ղǿ׵ǰˣһŵò֨ˡ
̫幬һλʱǾͻΪλţȻԺٺܴѹδһʱڣǻΪܹƿЩ˵ˣ  ʲô֣طܿ˿ףɱƵ֡
ף΢΢һЦʶ࣬ΪҸŵҲǿԣ
Сӣʿ֮죬ú˼طЦһ
һԸʲôȻˣڵ˲ᶼͷڹɣ
׻֮䣬һѾǳڵĳɽȥٶȺη
طԭΪͻȻԼ֣ղ׳ֵʱܵĵֵһ£  û뵽һﾹȻǶԼ֣ǳԶһɽ˹ȥ  Ҳһ
ͣȻᾡ֮꣡
˵䣬һλ׷ͯյ̤ǰޱȣ  ʦˡ
ʦ𡭡
طܵ˶ЩɵˣǸû뵽׾ȻܹʦĴڣ
డ  ǾԵĲడ
ʵطһֱ֮ڣûѰٵһ˿ԼʦӰӣ
ǰ׵ˣȻһ¾ͷʦټⲻʵϵĲʲôأ
ߣطܣλ㣬㹼ֱڵˣ
λ΢ȴĻ꣡  طһԼʦĻ֮ͨһ¹
ʦˣҡҲΪҵطд󺧵
ΪҵͿԲٿش֮ˣͿλţѲ㿪Ĳɣֱʧ͸
ߵƺЩ˵ϢȥεȷҪطҪ߳٣  ׿˿֪߳ǣ
һ΢΢Ҿ  ҪҾ̫幬ѾʽڷսЩŵ޹࣬ҲԸɱ䣡ҿǸ֮ˡ
׿΢΢һЦ˵ĿЩ˼ˡ
˿׵Ҫóʮ󳬼ŵλõҲǲɡ
ǺǣϴЦŵ
ҾôóʮŵλãҶȻܣ΢΢һЦȻ׵һսǬΣ




536Σ
 

һսǬ  ˵ޱȣʵҲǳԲ׼ǰ׵ʲô·  Ȼᣬ˼ҵʵȴľս  龳ڵǿߣҲûʮİܹսʤ֮  ˣôȥ׵ĵأ
ҵ׻쵽ʮ󳬼ŵλΣôóĻһûˣ  ֪ԼǰλĶֵĻôطܵ˶ϣҲ޼£  ôΪ˱ȫڣ  Լսʤǰ꣬ҲϾţܹģ
ˬʵһЦʹ죡Ȼ˵ĻұһսǬ
⵹ϣĽʵ֮ǰͷ  ֻһֱûпɱӦ籪
Ҫ˵ĸǰԼοӦ籪һ߹ѣɱҲɱˣ  ײĸطܵ˶֣ڵǿߣ  Ȼˣվǰλڵ̫ϳһսֱӰƻǰˣ  طܺ˶ʿˮǸԼʦ
ʵһʼʱطҲƶԼʦ𲻻Թۣ׾ȻֱӾͷԼʦ𣡣
ǵҲβѣһҪԼȥˣǿҲ˼ҵĿθˣ  ʦǿߣһսοأ
˵ʵ໹ǿʵΣ΢΢һЦ
徳ڣ΢΢һЦ
ʲôȻ徳ڣ⡭ôܣطһĿ˿ һԼ徳ڶ磿  һ徳ڵļһôҶԼôţأⲻ߼  ѲһҲҪԽս  ĴʵˣҲԽһѣôܸҳԽ֮սأ  ׸طܣ΢΢һЦѾ̤龳ǿϲɺذ
˿̵ɫҲ൱Ĳÿ龳ȷǴﵽˣ
˼һ徳СӣȻԼУҪԼһϸ£η  ʦѾ̤龳ˣһԵҲǶһ£  龳ǿľ簡
׳ҿǻǲҪ˷ʱˣְɣ
һץһƷķɽѾϣ  ΢΢һЦˣˣ
˵꣬ѾǶ䣬һֱӳ׵ķǵض  Ϊ֮ɫ䣡  ɫĽ˷ϮƺκεĻᴭϢ  ۣ  Ű
׵Χһײ˵ĶУ
ǿ֮Ķӳĳҫ۵Ĺâ
һӹ׵Ӱ΢춯֮£Ȼվĸǰ  ˲䣬ĽһεϮ
̶̵ļ֮ڣٸ˲ʮεɱ
Ҫ׾㹻ǿĻѾǱĽ˺Ƭˣ  龳ǿߣȻһ㰡
׸ղŸܵһѹֳǿѹ֮ǰЩ徳˲Լģ
ȻʵǷٺ٣ٽһԣʽڰʽϡ¶һ˿Цݣ
ΧһƽɫĻǰ  ԣ
Ȼǿóԭ˫ʽǷǳķ
ಣ  һŻ类ָӵһ㣬׵ķ򼲳۶ȥ
˲佫ûһƬ֮У
ߣһȷǺȻʦĶ֣
ǰһôʦĶأһ¾ôһʱ򣡡
ҵҪһﵽôţһΪһжأǸ徳ڵ˶ѣ
ҾҪżһ˵ʱǲǻôſ񣡣
һʱ䣬طܵѾ˿Ŀǰ׵ȷǴһ֮У
ԶҲ¶֮ɫ
ʵϴһʼڣϣľ̫ϳϵĳ֣  ڵλ̫ϳѾͻ徳
龳ǿ߰  춼оԼЩ£ôףҲĨ˿˿ĵ֮ɫ  ˿̵ף˴ļ尾  ڵӿȥҲǼΪǱ·֮ѾǳɼĽۣ  ˣ
׵һϵˣǵﴦܵʽķѹ  ֹУԭһжʤģڵ׶ûв˽    ʹ쳹ڵϿգ
Ҳ¶һ˿΢Ц徳ܹԼ³ŹٻغѾΪˣ  ֻڣΣӣ




537徳
 

龳ǿ߰ȻǼʶˣ
û뵽ھȻ棬龳˭ܵס
ҵθ谡СҲĽһ徳֮ˣȻܹ龳ǿ߸ǰŹٻغϣ
Ժ̫幬ܵﰡʵʵЩˣ
ЩС֮ڶɵˣ׵ʵѾǵⷶΧ  龳ǿߣȻǾ˼ڵ
һ徳ڵ˾Ȼһ龳ǿ߶սⲻǳô
Ҫ֪Խս֮٣ʷ֮УҲǼΪ  ЩԽսˣһʷǹҫЩˣ  ɾڽ죡
̫幬׺ճһս徳ս龳
ԽսԽԽѣ
˼ĿĿǰ׺ĵѾκ˵󣡣  ݣ  Žɫ֮УһĽ׵ķϮ
ǽƿʵļƣԭѾǿ֧ŵһ̽  ǵֱӳ׵ĵﴦϮκλתأ  ɲǼ䣡
һѵѡûжܣӭŽֱȥ  ⡭
ҲǷһ̾һѲĲҪ  ǿǵλð
ûлͷ⹥ȻѾγɣһѾǼˣ  ʽھʽһ  һһεļƺҪһûȥ
أ
еķɽ׵ﴦһɲǣоһֲѹ  ΢΢һ£ǷɽѾƫ׵ﴦλã  Ѿǲ赲Ĩ׵֮У  һε˿֮ʣ׵·ѾѪע
ˡ
һԵϣҲɺһƬ
˿̵׸̹ǵʹҪղżǵĻԼĵѾǳ׵ıˣ  ˢˢˢ
ʮŵҩһӹԼУ  ԭΪԼʵս龳ǿߣ֪ԼڵʵԴݻǰ  磡  Ѿ徳۷壬ĺҲֻһ֮ң
ĵﴦǵҩÿʼֳתٶȲϵļӿ죡
ղΪ赲ǿһ ķԼȫ
ղԼ̷ЩҩԼĲٶѾԶƽʱʱﴦž޴  ɫĻ治ϵ׵ĵζʵ  ƣ
Ϊ״ȥʱһŭŽɫĻб  䣡
һŻ  ˿ڿף˫ɺһƬֱŰʼĳ׵ĵﴦţ  ڸʲô
ҲЩ㵵ĿףΪһڸһ飡  Ա  һﵽڸʲôɱһķʽҲסˣ
һԵϣʿˮǶ֪׵ڸʲô
Ʋ  ֪ҪڶʱԼʵַֻһ־Եҩ֮ǿ
ôĺǶԼ˺ǳĴ
һ־Ա֮ķ  ƴʵ쳣ǿģһ˵Ĵ󵨣  ֻȴɽĴУֶȻǷǳķḻ
ͻƻͻܻ˶ѣ
Ѿûѡˣ龳ǿߣȻ൱ǿ  ⡭Ҫͻƣ
Ŀɿڴ֮ʣҲû뵽Ⱦ֮£Ȼǿͻˣ  ɵعʱѾˣ  䣡
׵͵شһ߶ȣ˿оһɱ֮ǰΪǿӿȣ
徳ڣ
һ̣ŵﴦ֮֮ǰӵӴҲǳһ
ͻˣ
ԭŽɫѾǳ׵Ϩɱһ㣬η  նʽ  ׵һȣΧ˲䱻һգһѹǵصĳķϮ
ڵĹ㳡ƺһ̶Ȼת
ص㳡ϿգһЩС֮ѾŵöԶԶˡ
ʧ꼰ĵѵ  ڶ˵ȻҪҪԼСû˵ĻֿĴҲ̫һ㣡  ʽ  ˿ҲӲͷƤղһ徳ڵʱѾԼܹսٻغˣôһεͻ˾֮أ
أ
նʽVSʽ
ɫͽɫĹ˲佫׺ûǿײ֮ʵһļ¡
˭ʤ˭Ŀǰ˶ĵ顣
һεĶ;δŵˡ
ΪĽĳط֮ܺ⣬ЩλŵȻҲ൱ĵǣ




538³ŵ
 

֮УѤʣ
նʽʽײĻ𻨣ڵĹ㳡Ͽһ㣡
ƺ׺ǿסˣĻսನЩ徳µ˻ҷˣ  ˿ڿҲ˿˿Ǳ  һ徳˾Ȼһ龳ǿŪǱֱδţ  ֪Ȼ׿ûа취սʤԼԼҪնɱѾǲˣ  ʵϣûҪնɱ׵˼ҪȻĻ֮ǰлˣ
ֻ֪ױɱ֮  ֶʵ̫ḻˣԭղѾַѡһֱȽϼһķѡ
׸ղſ׼һֶʱԼʵĵҩһĵҩ¼ҲֻܹΪ׵ĵˣ
ҲûôΪһ龳ǿΪ׵ġ
Ҫ֪ɽΪ龳͸һܹﵽˣ
ϾɽԴΪķḻأЩ龳ǿ߿ɶ
ļ䣬ɽҲ൱ϲЩߣɽǷǲôġ
ѳɽһⶼǴǿߡ
ȻɽڸԴƺ൱ĲȻǿΨвϵĥܹΪ۷
츳׿̾磡ڵʮ󳬼ŵͷҪҲա
̾һ˵ʵ֪Ҳ޿κΣ  ɼʱأһ˼ͻƵ۷徳磬ʱԼҲĶˡ
Ҳֻܹ֮ƽֶѣ
һֲĶ֣ʵǲԸ֮ΪУ
׿˿΢΢һЦˣ
մݹ٣֪ɷСһҲЦŵ
Ȼ״˿⣬һַ緶̾Ϊֹ  طܵҪ˵Щʲôջû˵óڣΪԼʦ龳ĸȻҲûκε˴ˣ
֪֮ǰս˵Ļ±նɱҲ׾ٵ飡
ǿΪûб˵ʵǿһжǿ̸  Զ˳ӽʽʮ󳬼Уɾ̫幬ȡ֮
˻һȫһƬȻ  µĳŵˣ  ǧʱ䣬Ѿûµĳŵˣ
ɾڽ죬̫幬ȡ˰ռʮ󳬼֮õڣΪµʮ󳬼ţ  ղǰ˶û׺˵Щʲô
ˣΪڵ̫ϳϾȻڴ˿Ѹˣ  ˲ת䣬ܶŶЩֲ  Щ˻൱Ļʹģǿվ룬Ҳǹ˵ϲ
׿˿ЦŵӼλŵĽȫȡ˵ʱλԻ֪ɢ˰ɣ

ǧ֮һľ֮̾ȡ
û뵽һ̨Ȼôõ飬Ȼںܶɲ˸ԵӰ죬ҲѹĴ
׾ȻȻеļ  λˮľɣһ²֪ʲʡ
˼֮ʣվǰ˵һλźɫ۵ӳʵ
޷׸ֶŸǰ΢΢һЦ
ɿײδҲЩʵʴ壬ֻ²֪֮ǽȡǡ
һʣܶ˵ĿҲǾۼ׵ĸǰ
΢΢һЦֻҪλҾ̫幬ӻ֮£ԶҪ
⡭⡭ҪһЩʲôأ
ɵ֮жЩ΢΢ΪŽгʵ  ԭҪһټһһµģȻˣҲͲҴˣ׳ϣܹΪҾ̫幬˲ţ
ԭл
ɾ֪ûа׳Ե̫ͣ幬θҲ൱Ĵ󰡣  ׿һãӣҲǼҲκǿԵҪ󣬲ҿΪλṩһ˲ż룡
˲ż룿ʲôһԵҲЩɻа  ЦŵȻڸλȻҲҪǵ˲ţȻˣν˲Ҳҵı׼ģ˫ʣΪ˲ţκһžټԻҵĽͣ
֪˫ļ뼸ΰ
ƺҲǴŸʣܶҲ̧ͷϾ˫ȻϡȱҲûУ




539զļ
 

ףѾΪȫĽ  ½ʮ󳬼ѾǳΪһİ  ˼ţٹһ׵Ĵ˵ˡ
һ徳ǿ߶ս龳ǿߣȻ˼óʮ󳬼ŵλãֱǲ˼鰡  ˲˼飬˼ҾȻˣ൱ĺã  ׸ոλʹһĵȥŵĽ  Ҫ൱ǵġ
ȴЩǣҪȻҪĶˡ
˲ţ  Ϊӵ˲ţû뵽̫幬θʵ̫̫˰  Ҫ˲˭Ըװ׵͸̫幬أ
κһҪЩ׷ţȻϣҵŹðɣ
˵ĿⶼǶ׵ϣǿɲϣűڻݰɣ
˲ţԸһЩʯ
ʵҲЩˣ˲˭Ҳأ  νʲô˲ż룬ҲҪ⵽Ǹʲô  ڵĹ㳡֮ϣ
ŵѾʧȡ֮ȴǺܶ˳ü顣
׳΢΢һЦ˫ţ˭ܾټҾ̫幬ԻƷһ鵤һö
ǰɣƷһ鵤һö⡭鵤ǸʲôⰡ
Ʒûɣ˫Ҳֵ۸ɣ鵤һо͸徳йذ
˷ˣǷˣҿʱ򲻵ȥңǸŶȥ˰
˵ģһƷѾǳֵˣ
ըˣ
׵ĻȻ˵ᣬе˼ȴ𾪲ף
Ʒ
ʲôһƷһΪ֮ˣǿǼֵǰ
˫ˣϡȱƷǸϡȱеϡȱ
ڳ˶ţ˫Ʒ֮һѡĻǻԥѡƷ
ô򵥣پʱǻѡǵĶµûѡ  ҲЩ𾪵ĿʵĪǿЦɣƷϡ֮ﰡ⣬鵤Ǻʶǳû˵
׿ЦŵƷȻ󣬲ҵǻһЩ鵤ֻҪﵽ龳۷˷ãӵаٷ֮ʮļʳΪ徳ǿߡ
ˣ
涼оһķ˼ϲģ
Ҫ֪һŻôһ徳ǿߣΪǻһЩԴģ
ǿɾ̫̫ˣ칬̫幬ţӵǰϵӣҲǺڳһǿˡ
һ˿֮УܲΪ֮  ˵ѶȺѶȼֱͬն
㲻ǸҿЦɣû˵Ƶĵҩ
׿˿΢΢һЦ׼Ȼ˵ˣȻͲʳԣ
治Ҳ㣬⡭ֱ̫ˣ
ҲŪ˸ƷƷŸоǲҪǮһأ  Աߣˮľڵɱ龳۷ǿߣʮʱ䣬һֱδ̤徳
һ˵ȻͣǿסԼıġ
ɿ׹ֵ֪Ϊ̫幬ṩ˴ʻһЩʵĻ˲żֵأ
Щʿ󣡣Ƕһ£Ȼ˭Ϊṩ˲ţ⽱Բڵʮ࣡
ʮҲʿˮ  򵥵ļӼ˳ǻģһҪҵһʵģǲӵʮƷʮ鵤ĳҩ
׳˵ͷֻҪλ˲ţҾʳԣΥģ𣡣
ⷢĿɲ㷢ģ׷˺ݶԣҲһļ  ɿ׼˵вУ
ɵԱߣһʮδѣ۾ȴ쳣
ľ˫ԵȷҪӰҵ£΢΢һЦɵҲһʶȤˡ
ٽΪԼ˲ٵ鷳һ͵ӵĻԺͺðˡ
ɳԼĶƲƲ۾ݼˣ
ݼ
Ȼδѣһ磬ĹǶá
·ܶĿɶǶأǾҪ׵ܲóʲôŷĶ




540
 

ڴĿ֮У׷֮Լĸǰ
һʵķɽһƿµƿ
ȻƷ
Щ𾪵ĿףΪ֪ɾԲУ  ׵һƣѾƵɵĸǰЦŵʽΪҾ̫幬һԱţҲҪڹأ
˷ģҵʵѾܹʲôˣԺúøˣҲϣ㾡ĳԽԼĸף
ɵҲǳһĨο֮ɫðԼĶ͵̫幬ҪԼгϢˣ
Ҳ˫š
ҲУ
Ҳһɡ
£һƷ֮涼ʼˣ
ô˵ƷҪ˫ҪҪöˡ
ͷõϵĶԼģ
˫ţǺķԼŵԴƷ鵤ǿǿԼʵľٴ룡
һƬڵľҲЩ̾һ̫幬ǰ;
ЦŵҪȻǻطһҵЩҪ
ҺЩȵĿ˿ףҲ֪ǰЩʲô
һ˵£ټأҲǲһЩȤ
ߣյĿֻһ
Ϊ˴ﵽĿ꣬Ȼǻ뾡һа취ˣҲҪλܹĻ𻨳  ϣӴЩӵ˫ţǺʧ ˵ĸǰ  ڵһɽ֮ϣ  һͤڷŲߣ׺Զûκ˵Ĵţ
֪һǡЦʵ
ҲҪ׵ҪԼ̸ʲôʵЩڴ
׿Цŵո̤龳⾳Ӧûû̫ȹ̰ɣ
˵ļǣ⾳ôȹأܹ̤龳ʵҡ
Ҳ̾һʵ̤֮Ѿ൱ãˣ
˭֪δ·ʲôطȴû˷
Ϊʲô  Ϊ龳֮ĹûУôʱôȥͻƣ  ˵ˣ龳ÿһΣĵԴֱˣ  ƾĿǰЩԴĿǰӵеԴҪȥҲǼܵ飡
׿΢΢һЦ֪ûȤҾ̫幬
㿪ʲôЦ
⻰ҭò˵Լһ龳ǿȥһոţ  ȻԤϵˣЦŵЦ𣿺Ǻǣʵľ磬׷Ӧò˰ɣ
̫ϳȻҵǸɱϾҴɵһ𣬾ͼڣڵҿȥ̫幬𣿡
׵Ľ鵹Ҳûκεֻ׸Լ˵ĻʵЩɣ  ׿Цŵ벻ɽٷ
ɽٷв֮κһߵռĿ궼Ӧɡ
ףоһʵĻЩ࣡  ѲɽٷԼ˵Ļǵˣ  ׿ЦЦϣ㹻Դܹɽٷ֪㻹ԸⲻԸң
΢Ц
״˿̵΢ЦôĴݵ·һоƿ֮У  Ȼһ˻֮ԭµӾȻվ
㡭˵ʲôҶɽٷ⡭ԲܣоԼˡ
ȻЩأҪ˵ܹ˷ôأοԼڲ徳
һĸǰһɽϢһԵҲһ
ƷⱲӻûмʶôõĶ
΢΢һЦӦƷˡȻˣЩ
һ£
һŵҩѾǳĸǰŨĿҪѵĸǰ  µջ󰡣Ϊһóĵҩǿɶ൱ǿġ
κһֵҩž޴ջ
龳ǿߣô͵ҩʱѾʼʧˣ
⡭ЩҵģЩȷĿʵ
ľ磬ӦûʲôŲµİɣҾ̫幬ոճҲҪǿҲܷһЩԺԲֹЩֻǼ񡭡Цŵ
һ仰˵ĺðǰκ鶼ܷԭΪ־Ѿ൱ļᶨɡ˰ˡЦһȻԺǾ̫幬һԱ˶ա




541עṫ˾
 

״ڻص׽Ѿ֮ˡ
ľ̫幬Ҳǰ˲٣  ĿǰСĪǸ죡  ˵˾һ֮󣬶ҲͶأ  ˵Ѿǿʼע̫幬ˣҪﵽĿģ
̫幬ȻˣȻҪҪ̵ʱڣһ˲ţΪԺķչ»
Ȼˣ־磬Լߵ뷨׷
ֻŵУͻȻǣһСвˣ  ͬ۴ѧ  ׻صͬ۴ѧʱ۵˶쳣
ָ缸ûۡ־˳ַҲӦˡ
ָ磬ֻˣۿһ¼һΰһҲǱǳĿţ
׿˿۵ⲻһ׶ܶ˵ˣСӦڼɣôң
ָ磬ڿɲ۸ˣ־˳СҲҲˣַٺһЦ
ô˵ڶճɾˣ׿żЦŵ
ⲻøлָҺﻹѰ˼ʲôʱҸлһָذ
ƺȥǳĿģһﱻ֮󣬺Ҳòһˡ
ЦŵлˣúöԴ˼Ҿˣ
ָ磬һλ˰ɣַҲЦʵ
ʼһܾҪæˣҿĳӦѾʼн׶ˣһʽͶĻʱҿ϶Ҫȥİ
ָ磬㿪ˣզ֪һ׿ˣҲһͷˮ
׿Цһû˵𣿡
ûУ
˼ͬ˵⻹û˵
ЦЦʵǿ˸ױƷĹѣʱʱ͸Կ
ԭָѾʼʵ˰Ҳǹһֵ
һ˵飬Ҫ˼һ绰ˣϾ˦ƹһֱûйʣ
۵˿绰ҪҲûг
ָ磬ѾڿϸҴ绰˰⼸ҵĶ˰˼һ״绰ˣҲ̽
׿˿˼ǺǣһȽæ
簡ҿոҹϵڰۻױƷĽȸǰˣĿǰǹѾн׶ˣ١
˼ȥƺЩƣ
ʵ֮ǰЩԭϣ㰴ձ𣿡
ָ磬ıˣҵԭϣĿǰѾʮǱ߿ţҲǶʮСʱȫ̼أԲй¶ĿԵģ
˼䷽൱ӵģ׵νϾ֪䷽أ
ɽ֮˭ģµĳզΣ
ûϴðƻǾԾðƻκεõģ  Цŵô˵Ѿʼˣ
ָ磬˦ƹǷ˰Ҫ֪Ǵɶ˼Ƶ˵
ЦŵúúãҵĴҵĴǺǣĿǰûгǰɣ
һпɶҪͬⰡָҿҪĻҪһ˾ǰ˼׵
עһ˾𣿡Цŵ
ûˣָ磡ȱľһӪĹ˾ڽʵһЩϾǴУʱڵפһŶӾͿˣ˼Цŵ
ҲԳЩȷʵ
˼̵κεطУעһ˾Ҳ൱ķ㣬ʱȥעһˣ
עһŹ˾ôЦʵ
ţȻû⣬עʱҪǳĸߣҪڰȻˣָ˵Ӧûģ֮ǰ㻹һ칫һӦĶ
˼Ҳȼ˵ֻҪǮͷʲô鲻ðأ  ҪһļŹ˾ҲǺõģϾκζҪһƷƲ
ƷУʱôҲøɣ׿Ż˼ʵ
˼ʼȻģָ磬ʲôطƷỹдƶȵȵ⣬ҿɵúõ
ڽأʱ͹ɣҲżһˣҲһЦŵ
˼һ֮Ҳǹ˵绰ʵһҲǵ˺þúþˣѾٽȴҲ׸ˣܲż
˿Ӧǻ𼱻ǵ׼ˣ  ׹˵绰ҲЦŵָ磬һҲæİ
Ǻǣȹһʱ䣬Ӧþܹͣһˣεʼ
ˣָ磬ǸԱҹ㲻ֹһ˰ַ׼üŪ۵˵
־˳һֵָ磬ǲ֪ǸԱǿ൱ĳ㰡
㣿
һϵ֣ҲЦԴĪ̵֮ƺ˺ܶࡣ
Ҳܹ̹Ȼ˲١




542³ϣ
 

ͬ۴ѧ׵ᣡ
ָ磬ʵĪĪŮɶϵ
ۿ׺ٺһЦʵȻǵĿĪӦ׵Ůˡ
׿˿ЦŵͲҪˣĪѧˣ
ɶ⣿ѧУһŮѧˣ˸ȥһԵ־˳
ЦŵȥطչˣҪúܶ࣬ǾͲòˣ
ǿɲģһƱ׼ĪͬѧƵͬǿҪˣַһЦ
ۿ˿׵ָ磬Ա൱ĹİĪˣ
׿֮ȼۣҲû˵˵Сǲ̳ܲİ
ͷⲻǹָ
Ǹղ˵Աôˣ׿˿־˳ʵ
־˳ָɲ֪ϵ׷󸨵ԱأǼһﳤʵЩף
ϵΣ׵üͷ΢壬˭׷ԼŮˣжǲôġ
ⷽҲʲô󷽵һҲǸϽʵ
ϵξ˵ǮһʲôAʡļʿ˵ֵ֮⣬ֱǸʯ尡
־˳СϢĵ൱
ַҲǵһʮ꣬ѧУ֪׷ظԱˣ
׷飡Цŵ
ָ磬û˵ٴһѹˣô˵ɣظԱϲһ ʹӦˣҿظԱϲһ־˳û˵
Ҫ֪ϿǵĸԱȻϵγ˳֮⣬һ൱㣬־˳ȴϲһ  ۿ׵˵ָ磬ǸԱòɶҲһﳤĸһģ󡻹⣡ָ磬Ҫ˵ѸԱµˡ
һȥû˵ ־˳ղ˵Ĺٴһѹô˼
ָ磬֪֪ѧУҪһһʮУ죿־˳ʵ
ҡҡͷһû˵УÿѧУУôˣ
Уʵûʲôͬ۴ѧȥУѻúõĲҪ̫డַʼ磬Ȼɽѧϸ¸ո˸һһʮУ죬ģӴ󡭡
ֹǹģӴ󰡣⽭ѧһ൱Ӵ󣬳Щ߹Ϊʱûˣֽ̽һһ־˳Ƶ˵
׿һһһ͵˵ţҲƵ˵˵Ǽܲ˵ص㰡ⲻ˵ϵ׷Աôⶫ˵ĸʲô
ָ磬ⲻڸ־˳Ҳͷ
ַ׵ָ磬Ҿͼ򵥵˵һ°ɣѧУѧУַǷۺˣҲ׼һģУ죬ȻһѹһˣϵθǸԱ˲ٵ񡭡
ΪظԱûдӦ׷󣿡ˡ
˵Сҹ˽ⲻǸ϶мô
Ҳ治֪һﵽôģô׾ͷĻôļӦþֱӴӦˡ
õõôһⲻǶһô
ǾͲö֪ˣ֪ϢôడҲ̫ˣȻΪǸԱҲǶݺݵ˵
ʲôΪǸԱԺдɩ׳ʱȻҲڲҴˣ
ɶ⣿ɩһ׵ĻҲһܿعָ磬ĪѾǸԱ㶨ˣ⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ָ磬ţ־˳ҲĴָȻҿĴָظԱĽûУզİ
׿⼸һҲû˵˵ǼҲڵʱҲտŵ㣿һûУ
Щ캰ص˵ָ簡Ҫ㽻ǵĻӾǲѧˣҲðϵθһٰ
ָ磬ҲǰǴк֪ԱǴɩĻͳȥˡַҲߵ˵
ǿνûκεĺ֮ǣҪ֪׸ǵĲƸһӲˣ  ׿˿ʵʲôطأ
ڹӦڰ칫ذɣ̵
׿˿˵ȥʲôˣǸϵνʲô֣
ƿǣ־˳׵ָ磬ҪȻԼɩһԸ
״˸OKƵУʱϵ
˵꣬תͳŰ칫¥ķ˹ȥ




543¹ٴһѹ
 

ͬ۴ѧϵְ칫ң
Ǳ߲ͣĴŵ绰һϵλƿǸһƲɵƲѡ
ȻЩʱǳ嶯Ĳˣ׻ѧҲˡ
һĪ̶ʧ˺ܶˣҲܲѡ
֮ǰҹ׼ΣһǸûѧУ
ϣߵôˣûнչ
һʮµŮһŤһŤĳ˹
кӱҲͬ۴ѧϵĽʦͬǵ  ʵϣһµƿǣúӱʮֵġ
Ȼ֪ϵεʲôͷľѾAʡʿǵϵΣͳҲ൱ˡ
仨ˮ飬ƿƺҲǲĺӱûκεȤ
һ˼ϣúӱΪĲˬ
ֻһλƿƺҲʧȥģУΪ޵ѹϵϣ
ʦǼϵʮ꣬߳ȥ˲Ȼ٣̳̽Ҳ٣ϵ˼ܳɹѧ˼Ҷ˵ûգ
Ҳʵʵ˵ÿϵ֮䱾൱ǿľġ
ѧУõǾܶ뵽ѧУͬ۴ѧĴ̼൱Եġ
ӱЦһһûĹ𣿻ο˵ˣҪһɲĻ¾Ҫʧȥһݹˣ
ƾʲôⲻ𣿡
ҲǰͷźӱԼһʵϰĸԱѣƾʲôôѹԼϣ  ѲɲӦϵԼͷȥŪ
ƾʲôƾϵΣ
ƿǴ˽ϵҲǴһ˿ռе
ӹͬ۴ѧƸΪϵϵΣԼ԰ʱ  ϵεĵһ죬ϵʱҲǾΪˣ  ׷֮󣬻ƿȴ϶Լ޶ԣ  ˣ  һУ飬ֱӽϵҪ˦ϣ
ʵİϣϵϣĿĺܼ򵥣ǾǲϵĸѹԹԵ˳Լ  ͷĹôҵ
ٴһѹˣֻҪλϣͲܹһ
ϿŻƿǣΣѧУǵ֪ȵ˹Ǽϵ߰ʮŽְƾʲô˵ѹҵϣ
Ǳˣ⻹ҪУˣһ˶û
һǴүһ㣬Լȥ
ͬ־ⲻΪ˸һչʾԼƽ̨ƿĳ˵һοͬ۴ѧһһʮУ죬ҪɵúתͲòˣ
ΣϵڿӰӶûĹʱУҪǿɡӱһɿ˵
ƿǿϳһûĹǼϵҵôѧͨѶ¼ɶˣ绰ϵˣô𣿡
ҡҸޣΡ
Щε˵һεУ챾׼ʱͱȽϵĲִ٣ϵûʲô
ôĻģ˼Ҳ˵ûʱ䣬ʲô飡  ϶֪ʲôط𣡣
ֱ˵ɲ˲ˡӱЦһ
ƿǿ˿΢΢һЦʦҲҪΪ㣬ɣһԶٷ߻һЩԴ
ӱһƿǵӣ֪һʲô  ҲзǳĲƽΣ첻ɵĻҵЩϵһЩʲôĹ
ŶʦҲϵƿǵĿһۺӱ΢΢һЦ
ӱЦŵΣ뼸ǸѾѶȿɾʹһЩˡҸʶYHֵĸܵġ
YH֣ҪܹһǹĻǼϵҲܹ˰ƿһת
ϿŻƿǵȻʦĹϵҾӦýǿĺʦ
ϣ㻹ǻ˳Ÿ鱾ӦġôֻΪ˰νǰѶѣ˭ôûء
ӱϣг֮С
ƿǿ˿ϵʦʦǺʦ飬ҲҪѧУǵﲻҪһҪߣ
helloظԱ𣿡
Ĳеʱ״˽ЦеĿϡ
ղѾ˸ףƿǣǶԼŮ뷨
Ͽ״˽ᶼˡ




544Ҫ
 

칫ڣ  ƿǿһѧģ˳˽Ҳüͷһ塣
ӱ˿ǰ֮ˣҲǳ˭˭㲻žģûйأ
ԱԷûа
׸ˣǳЦʵ
ûԷء
һæĻڵصģ绰Ǹ绰ģѾûʲôˡ
ûԷһȥԷ׻Ц˵ûаѻƿǺǸӱС
Ͼǲϰأ  ʦ˭ôһضûУƿǲʶףһﾹȻô飬Ҳһ
Ҫ֪ϿԼĿ꣬ͻȻðһˣҪϳȥԷⲻԼô
Σҵѧϴ˿ҲǺƺ˵ҲǷ
ѧǰģ
ƿǵһϵεѾǰϡ
ǰİ೤
ȻҲʱ¶Լһѧ̸ɣҲֻôܵ
ΣڵѧԽԽûйˣ⸨ԱϹأѧҲŲϹءӱЦһ
׿˿ϵԱǸ֣һٲԿɶûŰڶˣѾ°𣿡
ʲô֣ƿǿɫʵ
׿ŻƿǺٺһЦûʲôϵɣ¿ʱ䡭
ϣ̳ѧֱɶ񣡣ƿǸоԼӹȥˣɫѿĺܡ
Σҵѧôˣʲô𣿡û˵˵׻ʱҲ൱Ĳˬ
ӱһԱΣϺСҲ̫˰
ƿǿ˿ϣû뵽ΪһѧȻ˵ĲԼӣ
ŭˣ  ƿҸ㣬һεУ겻ֱӾ͸ҹ
㡭ʲôȨߣҲЩ۵
Ҳǿ˿ƿǵֶвһŮˣʲôˣ
Сӣ˵һ䣡
ƿǱ䳰ȷΪϵΣȻ̲ˡ
һѧȻԼϵεĸǰôţСѲɲҪǰ;ô  ˵һҲ˵㲻ǸˣǶǿˣЦһ
ϿӣҲקק׵˺ˣȥԷɣ
ԷҿǳԷٷҲͲûѧУˣ
ƿŭˣһûתĸԱԼԿܹпԭϾŮԼϲġ
ѧͲһˣûй˵Ƣ  ˵ǸɵȱǸɵȱ˵𣿡Цһ֪ĻΪУء
㡭ãõĺܣϣŲھ͵УǱߣ֪ߵغСӹ
ƿǵĴڴڵĴŴû뵽һﾹȻôĿԼ
һ治ţ
ΪƵĿ˿ƿǣһﻹǸԼ𰡣
һﲻҪϵ׿ûô׷Źһ
ΣҷʲôƾʲôôȻҪȥУǾȥУ
Ҳһ۲ˣƿǸԼȥҲŭһ
ӱЦһΣʦѧѧУǶǰܻѧУҽ̵УǱȥ
ӱԼ˽ĵģֻ֪ҪϲѧУˣʱĻˡ
ƿΣǿѧУרƸģУѲɻΪһϺһѧƿǹȥ  Ȼǲܵ飡
ƿ¶һ˿ЦúúãҵҪʲôı£ϸȥУ
ҲĹĵ˵ȥȥ˾Ͳˣһأ
Щ죬ϵȷǱЩ¸ŪķңƿǼֱǹ˽  Ϊ׷ԼûдӦȻֶвԼ  ղ˵ԼнķԼԼϳԷһģ  ģ  ʵǶĸ￪ţĵˣ  ϵгףѾݲµڶˣΪǵ׵Ļˣ  ڿˣеʮ㣬ɾ͸ɣ  ͷﻹҲզΣҲˣԼͻϼң
׿˿Цŵû£ԱҪ¸㣡
ᡭ
ЩɬĵͷƿһϺһﾹȻߴΣм  ԭû¶ĵһһҪһԹŮˣ




545µһ
 

ƿһС۵ˣԼϲŮ˸һѧǱߴΣܹܵ
ȻϺһԼĸǰԼôȻҪ˺ÿˡ
ʱ򿴿˹ϻܹЦó
ڻƿǿͷΪңҪתĻǾҵλˡ
˵ȥǿҪӣҪҲӰ
һԸˣһֱԼǸ涼㣡
Լ׷һŮˣǸŮӦûһڱԼ  û뵽Լع֮׷ĵһŮ˾ʧˣ  ˵뾡취ȥõϣԼôŮ˶ǶԼ  һλƿǲŽУ飬׼ѹһϣñͷ
û뵽Լո׼ʩѹȻһѧƻˣѧԼ̣ˣ  ͬ۴ѧУ칫ң
Լİ칫ңоһУ׼ˣ
ʵϣԭǽѧĵһУΪͬ۴ѧУ
˵ڽѧӦǹʵأŸģ  ȴһ飬ǰڽѧһУʱ򣬸νѧУ  һνѧһһʮУ죬ģ֮ЩĿ࣡  ƫƫ⽭ѧͬ۴ѧͬһ꽨УҲͬһУ죡
о  ټ֮䱾ֱӵľϵһͬ۴ѧУǸӣ
ҪѧĿǰΨһ뷨  ԼҲǷԼĹϵȥѰһЩ̽Ĵ󿧺һЩֽǣ
ЧǺܺãϾУûж೤ʱ䣬ܶͬ۴ѧǰУѲûʲôʵԵĽӴ
ʵڽѧԴͬ۴ѧҪĶĶˣϾڽѧ˽ʮʱ䣡  ǰ죬⽭ѧУ˵ԼҪУ죬Ȼ˵ҪĦѧϰ  νĹĦѧϰ˭֪ôˣǹ׼Լһô
ĳ극Բȥˣһ뵽ʱǷڿӣо͸оǳĲˬ
ķ֮ʣƿŽˣ  ͬ־ôˣ꿴ŻƿǣҲվʾƿ£
Уϵûа취ˡƿһһӵĻҪԼ仰ע
һƿǵĻЩƵʵ˵ͬ־һЩ˳ĵĵطҲǿģʲô֯һ취
ƿǹ˲ƻеһԱ˵ʵܹϵελãѾ൱Ĳˣ
һĲʿ̫ݵĻЩ̫ˡ
ƿǳУһβУҾ͸˷һЩ񣬿ɽȥʽȣȻʦΥ飡󻹻ͬѧҡ
ʲôȻô󵨵ʦѧЩŵĿ˿ƿǡ
ƿҲǽӴ˼Σ˺еٵʣ
ֶλ緽棬޷һ㣬ӦúСܵĽйأ
ȻĲʿСܵ˼άӦû׻ʽĽ
ƿǳУʵҽ챾Ӧ鷳ģֻʦѧʵûа취ڴȥҰѻˣҪôߣҪôߣ
ͬ־侲侲һҪ侲ɣҲ
걾ķңƿҲǲ׵ĵˣһһǹ˲ƻһ֣˵ļҲ൱Ĳ
ֵ֮ʣɲϣһˣ
Ǿ⣡
ƿԼһȽĿľΪ˸һΪӡ
Ҫ֪ҪıһΪӡʵǷǳѵģ  ˶ҽ
˿̣ϴ˽滹һӱڷǿֵĲ´  ֻҪһֱƿôţȥĻʱ϶ûʲôùӳԵģ
ƿһϺ˽ֱµ
꿴˿ϺףȻŻƿǵΣ԰꣡
У
Ͽ꣬Ҳǳĸ˸к
ǻƿΪԼֲǳΪԼÿĵطҪģ
ǽʲô֣겢ʶϣʵͬ۴ѧĽְô࣬ôܶʶأ
ϲһʵϰĸԱûʽתأ  УҽϣһϵһĸԱԱߵһİ೤ס
ϴ˿̸ӳƿǻΪ˳У߾ܹסԼ




546ѧУľ
 

ͬ۴ѧУң  꿴ϳظԱղŻθ˵ǵ飬Ϊһ쵼ҪеİɣεǸ
ǸҲûУ׳ų΢΢һЦУһĲ֪ΪʲôһܹǼϵϵΣƷʵ̫ˣ
㡭У㿴ʵˣҲ֪ôͬ۴ѧƿЩŭĵ˵
ײмĿһۻƿǵҿͬ۴ѧôˣ׷˼Ҿ͸˼ʹӵˣǻüˣ
ǰɣΪһ೤ʦǶûҲǰһЩ̫ˡ
׿˿УԼʲô¡
ƿǿ˿׵Ҹʲô飿У챾ǴͬЭ飬ΪϵһԱҲѧУһӣΪУ쾡ౡ֮ôˣ
ౡ֮ѧУŵѹظԱһ˵ϣʲôҿǹ˽ɣ
ײмĿ˻ƿһۣܸһʲôɫġ
ʵϻƿҲû뵽׾Ǹһ㣬ԼѲСĲ±
꿴˿ƿʵΣô£
ӱһѯʻƿǣǰУǼϵʦӱзȨģθûае鶼ѹϵϣҲյ˻ΰŵĹͨȡΪһεУһЩԼĹס
ӱ˵ҷԴһֺ˻ƿǣһڳĸǰֳԼĴ˽
΢΢ͷԭظԱεǸ򡭡
ߣУȻӢϣǵĻţǵĻͲţȻĻĻҲ޻˵Ա߰ɣõطҲûʲô˼
Ҳøһڷϻˣ˴үүûطȥզΣ
ƿǿЦһ˵˭Ƿҿһ۲۵ķAʡרҵʿҵʲô
ǵīˮ˼˵Լǲʿҵд㶼ƽⲻ㲻˭
׻治ǿһԼǰһҲֻܹǸ  ûа취˭һôùԼأ
㡭㡭ָҸұһô˭˵ڹѧУƿҲŭˣֲŵĻҲ˵ĳڡ
꿴һʦ̬𣿿Դ󣬲֪ν
ɲһССļһȻҸƿʿᲢۣ  ׿˿Դ󣿾ƾ䣡
㡭
걻ҭû˵ˣһ˵Ҳ̫˰
ЦһһǾ仰Ǿߣ
УҲΪˣһҪӮҵĻˣƿǳ
ôְϳ£⳪һ
˽֮ʣһµߴ˽ϵ͸һ֮
У
һˣҲЩסˣһôģ
ǰ֮˲ǱˣǽѧУ  ų΢΢һЦ˵ϳ°ǿأ
ڴѧУڲһЩ⣡
Ҹղ˵У첻Уģզ°ˣ˿΢΢һЦ
㡭͵˵꿴
˵ϳ°֪ӣУʵ˳Ȼ飬αôأһ˦ƹãϾͬ۴ѧѧȣЩ
һЦдһĨɨΧˡ
ѧ뼸ǹվվ̨ģ⻹Ƿַӵ飡׿ʲôУУһԇNɪҲ΢΢һЦ
һô˵׵ĺøжһ¾˺üΣ
ΪںҲУ飬ڻƿǵ飬ʵûз
㡭ͬ۴ѧƤӹȻ
УһǸƤǶû֪ߴʴʡ
ƿͿˣء
Ҫ֪˼Ϊĺ棬ƿǾȻͬ۴ѧҲɫѿ
ԭǸҲû뵽˰ʧʧˡһֵ
׿Żƿǰ׳յӣҲεҡҡͷ˭˵û뵽ˣʱУпյĻֱӹμǵУ᲻𣿡
У᣿갡꣬㻹ѧãҾ͵УᣡҵҪУ뵽ʲô˹ߡ
ų׵ķһѾﵽĿˡ
ƿǸղ˵˵ҲûĹҪ֪ɾͬ۴ѧУˡ
һ뵽굽ʱſѾֿ˻
ʱУһ͹
ɫ൱ѿƿǳ²࣬ΪСжߵأԭҲǸ




547ѹƿ
 

İ칫ң
˿̣ɫ൱ѿղŻƿǵһϯ档
װԼһЩ棬һӳ׺ͻƿǵĸĹѾǵ˸  Уһ˼Уǰʴʣֱֱǡ
ƿǻҪڳǰڮףʱȴûпУɫѾǱˣ
ΣûµĻȻȥɣסŭ
ƿǿ˿У鲻ǾԲߵģ
вң
ƿԼǹ˲ĴɲУղСӾҵǷ˵ʵ𣿡
׿˿ƿЦߣΪ߾ߵˣղڳУǰ˵˵ĻֱӾ̸ǹ
Ҫȣ
ЩɵĿף֪һ«浽ʲôҩ
У˵Ȼһĭһڶ֮ǰҲ˵ˣѧУֻѡˣһԼҪˣǲͲ𣿹
ԭĴ㲻һʶҪˡ
ܹͬ۴ѧĻҲһѡ
ʲôУ֤˭˭ƿ
꿴˿ƿƿôҲһõļϵΣ˵˵ĴײΪʦߣôҲеʦ°ɣ
Уʲô˼ΪһƿһĲʿ˲ƻһԱҪͬ۴ѧƸҡ
ƿǿ꾹ȻԼҲЦһ
׿˿ƿĥĥĸʲôϽģһʱȥԷأ
סˣƿҲסˣһԵϺͺӱҲסˣ  ͺӱסΪǲ֪׵ʵסΪ׵ڸûϹΰ  ôܹһĲʿᲢأ  һҸƿǵа壬ǳԤϣ  Ժ͵Żؼֵذɡ
ƿǵм֮⣬ףδɵСӾȻҸԼа壿
ҲϻָָһԳĵԵǾóУĵ԰ɣұǽǾӮ
ףǼȨ㲻Ҫ嶯̲ס˵
СְҪȻҿǵȺʵĻٱȰɣ
ֻܹ׵ˣ  ־  ʤֻҪûпʼһвǿ˵ô
ڣô˵˵㣿
һԵĺӱҲ廰ˣȻϣһԾĽУϺ׵ļһϾҪѧУ찡
˳УԺôȥأ  ãһСʱƽⲻǾ䣡
һǽѣƿǻŵģοСӾƽʱһڣˮƽܹǿʲôطȥأ  ƿͬ۴ѧϵϵΣɺ֪һݣ׻ƺڿͽһָĴ  һССĴһѧҸԼ߽а壿  ֻ֪˵׻ƺڿͽߣĺڿͽߣ׵ĸǰҲǰˣ
˵ע֮£״˳ĵԣ
ѾΧȥƿ൱ԸȻȥ͵׵ô̵ˡ
ʡĵʱӮˣҲòף  ž  ױ̵ٿһԵϺͺӱĿɿڴҪ֪ӱҲһλʦڱ̻Щ˽ġ
˿̿׵ӣ֪˻ΪǱϹأ  ʮӵʱ䣬Ѿǽ׫ϣ  λվȻ˿ƿǵֵˣ
ҿֱӹȽϺãʡ˷ʱ䡭ƿǿף¶һ˿ζЦݡ
ĵǰ棬ƿǵҲžĿʼϵصĴ룡
ʮ֮ĶͷѾðһϸ
ѶȺܴ
ƿҲû뵽һдĳȻѶĸߣѾԹַɶоһߣ
ʱٵţתۼֻʣ¶ʮˣ  ԽǵĹͷƿԽļһֲõĸо
һԵĳг˾ϲôҲû뵽׾Ȼʵ  ԭΪûϣҲ𾪲ѣ  ϾһϵĲʿһһھȻһռ
ʵǲ˼鰡  ӡ
ʱҲǼ֮һƽⲻĻҪˣ  أ  ƿԽǵԽ꣬Ȼֱӽǰļ̸ˤ˳ȥ  ˣ  мӵʱ䣬Ѿ֯һνˣ
ˣʵ̫ˣ
ȻһһһʮƵһ׷ǽ
Ҫ˵ȥĻڿͽĺڿͿ涼ûˣ
ҵţǽƼҲʲô˶ܹģһͬ۴ѧУ죬ҪҸգߣ
˵꣬ƿԼоһĻֱһݻ֮ˤŶ




548³ʧϣ
 

İ칫ңϺ˿Ҳ΢һ㡣
ȻҲкܶĲˬղһˣԼһ٣  ټɵĻƿǣǰѳòᡣ
ʲô
ĹĵĶ׺˵
׿˿˵УǾͲһƽˡղʲôУ첻У飬Уô죿
Сʵ㲻֪ƿҲǲﰡпɽʱ˵ܶˡ
ǸѧǸУ׸оһ  пɽпɽҲûйϵ۵ĶľžˣЦŵ
̾һƿʵеģҪĿϰæĻҹһεУ϶ǲģ
Ƶ˵ΪʲôȫѹҵͷϣԼôԼȥأ
һЦŵǺǣΪû׷㣬ԸѶȣҪͷ˻ǲҪˣ
ЦһˣʵҲС֪ܲҸһӣСһξ͵ſЦأ
Уʵ˲μӸУҲʲô£ҵʶһЩˡ׵ҲǸĳ
İƢ˳ˣҪȻĻɲʲô˶ġ
׵̬ҲǿԵģڼⱾԼѧУҲӲ
˵ˣҪǰĻԺѧУԼɵɶ͸ɵɶ  װѧһθĹģܴ󣬾˵һߵǾ߰˸һкܶ̽Ĵ
겻ǲʶˣҪǳѧģǲܵ飡
ЦŵɳУҪȻԣ
ԣͬ۴ѧٰһУʵԤҲ࣬ǱϾǹҵĲһǮɡ
ʵҲƵĺܣѾǳ׵ľûϣˡ
˵ҪԣԸ⵱˦ƹ񣡣  ЦŵУҼȻô˵ˣǮȻѧУˡ˵ˣУҪǶѧУǮûˡ
Ҳǰͬ۴ѧôҲƴѧû뵽龹ȻˣǱ
һε̾
׿ųһεУɡ
СְҪͷĻǾһˡģѧУܸķÿ϶ǸģɵҪСĵƼҰѵ
ƼңĸƼң׿ųʵ
µĻƼңǽǺͷģƿǾ˵ǻƼҵˣҪĺͻƼҹȥĻǿЩȦһҲˡ
ԭǻƼңˣ΢΢һЦ
û뵽ƿǾȻǻƼҵˣǸðһˣ  꿴ףʵǺܲףϾ˽⣬ЦʵС֣Уʲô뷨
Уһǵݣ˵Ӧúɣ΢΢һЦ
ݣǸãСͦЦŵ
΢΢һЦǺǣҲżȻʶģշŵҹųУӦ˵˵İɣ
ۣ  ԭĲ裬һ˳  շ᣿ǿǵݹ˻ῪĻʽĴݰС־Ȼʶ  𾪣  ʵ̫óˣ
㡭˵ݹ˿ĻʽշŵЩ𾪵Ŀʵ
ݲݰ˿Ļʽһ治֪֪Ǹݣҽ죬Ӧûκεġ
ʼʵղŸ˵ʱѾ顣
շʵѡ  СְС֣һСˣղŸô˵еİ
ԭûϣĳ·һɫص˴һ㡣
׿˿շûŷŵĻ˼ٶҪʱҿٶĸûпգпյĻҲϯһУ죿
ŷŵĻ𣿣оͨͨţ˶оһս
շͻλĻǵֱӾһµĲˣ
Ҫ֪ѧ̽ĳλͻŷŵĻôᲢأ
˵һ˵ĻУĲѾǾԵĸˣ  ΢΢һЦУҸ˵˵ĿֻΪģȻ״Ӧ飬ԲóУʧġֻǻһЩҵȥʲ֪ʱУˡ
СȥæҪ˵ĻʲôԸᣡ
ҲǹһЦ񾭶
շᵼݵᣬʱ򻹻ȫ׸⵵ǾԵţ氡
ҪҳЦ𣿵ʱôЦĳ




549û᣿аᣡ
 

״뿪˳İ칫ң
Ͽ׵ʱҲǹһ˿ЦݣľԼӡ
ÿһƺԼоʱܹ֣ҴԼһְȫУ
ԭЩʧģɵ׳ֵһ̣ƺеʧɢˡ
Щ춼ȥ˰ЩֵĿʵ
ЦŵæһЩ飬ˣĪѾѧˣ
Īѧˣô°ЩɻĿ˿ףһᵽĪ̵ʱƺҲЩĪĸо
ЦŵСϣԺڸͣһһĴ𰸵ģ
š
Ҳǹɵѡ˲ʣֻҪںԼǾ͹ˡ
һһȥԸ׿ЦŵǶŮһȥԷأ
ŮѣҡҾͲȥ˰ɡ
һߣɫҲǺô˵Ҫ  Ͼ׵ʦҪǴȥĻԼоˡ
Цʵô
ҡұϾǵʦôȥأϵɫͨ죬о൱ıŤ  Цŵ˺ˣûµģѾ˵ˣ
㡭ôܲͬ˵ءڵһӸͨ죡  ׹һ֣Ͼ뿪ѧУ
۵һҪһԷҲæ
˵ָ͹Զٷǿ϶ܰⷹĵζ̫͵ġ
óƵ꣡  ڽģĿǰǼ֮һ  óƵļ۸Ȼ߰ɽǮ˷ǳĶֺ࣬ķ굽˷ʱ϶Ϊġ
óƵǰ̨
׺ϵʱ򣬿۵ǰ̨Ǳ߸ţҲЩơ
ôŰҸǮôΣЩŭɶĿǸǰ̨Цһ
֮ǰȷǶӵģѾߵˣΪ㲻ˣԡ԰ӸĿˣҪȻ΢һ£
Ǹǰ̨Сƺ֪ԼЩҲǺܴ
΢һ£˼ⶩӾǺƭˣǴԶĴѧУܹ
۵ȷǺ֮ǰصضһ䣬ϾʱǷ㣬ƵİҲǲ̫öġ
˰ɣۣǾ΢һɣֶҲûأ
۵ԱߣŮЩȰο˵
ָˡ
ַһܣ׺ظԱվſڵķҲӭȥ
׺Ϻܿľ۵˵ĸǰż˶վ棬ЦЦ˵ۣСӰԽԽ˰Ȱ
ָ磬Ļ֮ǰѾƵ绰ˣʱаģû뵽ھȻûˣ
һᵽ˲оЩðɵĸо  óƵôҲһǼľƵ꣬绰ȷһ°ɣ
ǰ̨ȷ϶ûȷϣֱӾͰѰ˱ˡ
Ϊߵ˻ûˣǲˣ  Ҳͬ۴ѧʵЩԶ°ĸ߷ڣ  а𣿡̧ͷ˿Ǹǰ̨Сʵ
ʱûˣǰ̨СЩǸ˵
׿˿ЦŵҪȻǾͻһҰɣܸܲطɣ
ָ磬Ƶǵİ˱ˣǻøӣǵľ
ۿûô׺úŪϾҪ׳Էģɲ붪ˡ
׿˿۵һ²һ°ɣͷﻹԲϸأ
ףǲǺӱʦ𣿡
־˳ԭҲҪȰţǳԶٷûбҪôĥĥġ
طʵûзԵĻ⸽ķ껹ͦģһҷԳҲͿˣ
ӱ
һӱʱҲüͷŮôطأ  ӱԱߣվһʮµӣźɫȥһֳɹʿĸо  ܣ롭
ӱƺûпϺףҲǳóƵǰ̨ķ˹
Ǹܵӣ΢΢һЦʦˣû뵽һǴŮһ
ܣлл佱ѧУƿǻͣе顭ӱ΢΢һЦ
ʵٷ֣ǻƿһִġ
Ļƿ൱ƣֱ֮һ١
꣬ͬ۴ѧҪУ  ˼ѧôǣͬ۴ѧһҲ벻
ӱʶYHֵĸܣYHȦĵλǺܸߵġ
ټϻƿнƼҵıҪͬ۴ѧˣǼֱ̫ˣ
ߵǰ̨ǰ̨С΢΢һЦа𣿡
۵˶Ϊʱ򣬿϶Ѿûаˣû뵽ǰ̨С㾹Ȼ΢΢һЦܣ¥VIP888ĺĿǰûˡ




550ը
 

óƵǰ̨
λǰ̨С㵱۵˵棬Ȼ˵а䣡  һ¾ͼŭ۵ˣⲻǳôվ˵ûа䣡  һˣȻ˵ʲôڻûˣ  Ҫ˵ĻҲõȵ֮˵ɣ  ϣô⣿
ӱû뵽ϾȻżѧߣһͷϳߵʱҲЩ졣
ʦΪʲôͲ⣿
Ȼƿǻкӱֱˣ濴ʱ򣬻ǲ˼˺Ƥ
ʦλǡһԵ֮ܿҲ¶һ͵ı顣
ϵȷһ׼׼ĳŮ
ӱ˿ЦһܣһѧУʵϰʦѣȥɡ
š
ڿɲӱ˭ͬ۴ѧʦ˾Ҫ¥ϵİ䣬һ
ʲô
һԵܳᣬ׻ֹ˾YHֵĸܣʵȨɵ  Ȧһᵽ֣һǿ¶Ҫģ
ô˿ӣתһԵǰ̨СĸղŲ˵ûаôһôаˣ
ô˰ǰ̨Сһ۵ĿдӣҲɫͨĿ۵
ôˣ˭ˣˣҸ㣬Ҫ˵һŲҰǰ̨ˣ
۱ǸƢڿŮ˾ȻԼҲǳ׵ŭˣ  ͦŰһҿ
վһԿ˿ѧģۣǼ˷˵ˣڿһóƵĸǰQҲЦһ
أ
ֱǰ̨ĶŵȥһʱеĿⶼ۵ϣ  ۵ԱߣЩǵĿ۵˺ˣǻطԲ͵
ƾʲôطղǵİøҾѾˣû뵽а侹ȻǣôΰóƵ꿪⣬ôŪߵİ
һԵ˵ȰοţҲûò
ҪƽʱĻ˵ǹܵãɽΪҪ׳Է۱׼ĺܳ㣡
ʦδݣȻѣ
Ѿŭգһ˿»ˣ
׿˿ǰ̨С˵Ҳ÷ָ󵽰ɣȻģǾӦ
ô°СǮ
ǰ̨Сһίĵʱ˵һӣȥʮҡ
ܾǡˡ
ǰ̨СǮŮӣȥҲһʡ͵ĵơ
ˣóƵµģǲǸܾ˿
ʵСǮΪʲôղаҲû˵Ϊ۵˵ľʵ
VIPʵǲôŵģΪѵġ
ڹҶֹˣЩǮ˿ɲںһٷǮЩʱǮǻأ
óƵҲôǱǾֻΪһʯԱԤ
óƵˣҲʯԱСǮȻҲͰóˡ
Ȼˣٷǻƿͣ˼Ǯ⣬ֻҪϲ  ӱ֮ǰ֮󣬲žóƵģ
ʵӱôûݻĵطǻƿͣҪȻСȶӿҲҪˡ
ǣǱŴģӶ˸䣬ǰѰˣҲˣ䣬Ȼ˵ûУҪ˹ˣһûаˣ
ŭɶ˵ǻ˰  ˵ܾ⼸һһӣóƵĹضһ˵ţҲЦһ
óƵĺ䣬ǿΪЩǮԤģͲһѵġ
ûˣҲһѵģֻƼʯԱǵʯԱ
ܾȻҲһӵˣ۸ԼšͣҲ
дʯԱ𣿡Цһ
ܾмĿ˿۵Ҹˣأ
Ҳ˶ģ
׿ܾЦһƵҲ̫۸˰  ˶ģܶģ
ܾȻǼʶ㣬ǵ־˳źʱҲ϶ȻЩǮҲʲôĸ߶ʿ
ҽ쵹ҪóƵ굽ʲôĹأҲЦ
ܾͷбһԵ׵뿴ҸҾǹأҪ԰۸ߵãûɣ




551װĻƿ
 

óƵǰ̨
ܾ׵ˣҲǱǿ׳죬һܿӣ
ʵϣ׵ĴŻǿ֮⣬ۺ־˳˵ĴȻ㲻ϺᣬҲ㲻ϸߵ
ܾ֪Ǯһ׵ˡ
ʮģܸ
׸׼ŭ֮ʣƿǴ˽һ׺ϵʱɫΪ
ʦô£ôߣƿǳźӱʵ
ӱ̵ΣλYHֵܣղ߶˸䣬˭֪ӲҪ䣡
ǻΰá
ǰƿ֡ȻЦŵ
Ȼʶƿǣ֮ǰӱһ£оҲͦţһˣ  Ѷ·  ܣ֮ǰǼģ
ƿǿֹҲǳ΢΢һЦڴ׵ˡ
һԵܾƿǣ̶Цǰ٣ҿһʱûп˰
ܾ֮ǰֻˣĵ绰ûˣûУƿƺóƵǳϤ
Уûܾĵ˵
ƿ˵ȻԼҲЩֵʵʶң
֮ǰǻƼүʮٵʱӦҲİɣֻʱҺܲ졭
ƿһƺͰԼһ㣬һԵ׵˵Ҳǲż  Ҫװôװˣ  үӣǽƼҵˣһƿǵݣҲһ
ǺǣƶҴ󲮣һõҲƿ¶һ˿Цݵ
ʵϻƿڻƼҵĵλҲһѣϾѲһҪ֪ǿĵϵˣ
ŶŶŶû뵽پȻǻƼҵˣʧʧһεָƿա
ղŵѾʧȡ֮һģ  Ƽң˵ǿǾްԼģ  YHȻֽһĵλôأ
˼ǮܹYHˣҪ֪YHֵֵҲң  Ȼͨ˵пǷǳĶģڻƼĳŵУҲô£  ˼ҵʲԼ屶ʮ֮࣬һYHţ˼Ҳܳһ˾֮Կ
ֻ˼ûȤѣϾ˼ǮҪǸҵҪöˣ
ܰи˵һµġƿǿ׺ϾȻڣҲЦһ
ٰɷ˰ʲô黹һ仰飿Цŵ
ͬ۴ѧҪһУ죬ҲϣµЩǹȥվ̨ƿ
ͬ۴ѧЩĿ˿ƿǡ
ƿЦһˣû˼˵ˣ㿴ȱǮ𣿡
ǣôȱǮأҵϣҲЦ˵
ƿǿܾϽİѺҿˣһõҪҾͲö˵˰ɣ
ٶҪھȥ׼ܾһҪҲһ  ЩҲһ㶼ҵ
ӱ˿̿ŻƿǰʮӣҲЩˣôҲû뵽ƿǾȻһݣ
Ȼ֪ƼҵǸʲôɿôţԻƿǶôϹϾģҲһļ  ιιι˵ǽͷݵİղŲǺţ˵ǹʲô۸ߵãӾͿʮҪ䣡
ҲǮɲں໨Ǯƿôָ磬һ  ʮ򣿣
ܾҲʿˮһʼΪ˾ӣûɶǮ  ˾ȻһȻ˵㣬˼Ǯ
ͷʲô˲ܵǾǮˣ  ˵䲻ģ˼Ǯܹˣ  ƿǿ˿ܾʲôʮ򣿣˵ܾô£Ͻȥ׼䣡
һԵ΢΢һЦ٣Ҳܹܾġ
˵̵꣬ľͰ˵һ飡
ǣ⼸ѧҪǽƼұǮࣿǲԴŸˣƿһмĿ۵ˣ  ܾ٣ҡҲ֪ĸҳۡ
ˣˣȥѶʰãҵҪôұǮ࡭ƿǰ˵
˵ĸʲôǮͽм۲ˣûǮ͹һȥ۱Ʀʮ㣬ֳ涼׳ˣ  ʮ򣡣
ƿǴһָмĿ׵ˣʮӦѾ˵ļˡ
һ򡭡
ۻûпڣѾǿˣСӽײǹˣ
㡭
ƿҲһԶٷһǸɵȱɣ
ѾǹҲסˣһһʮ򣡣
򣡡׸գۣƺ͸һ㣡
ܾ˿ЩعˣˣȻ˿ȥǱˣʵ൱ۺ񰡣
㡭
ƿֱ£ȻҲǮԶٷûݳ޵ز
˵ø磬ɶأ
ſڣѴѼñ˽һƿŭָһŭҲЩ֡




552ָ磬ô⣿
 

ٶ
һѣЦӭȥ  ʵͨղ̧۵ĹҲƿǲʵˡ
ҪٶĻ¾ǧҲգһ۾ѡȥв˵ģ  Ҳûа취ƿȻǻƼҵĵϵڻƼҲЩλġ
òҪȥǣҪȻʱҲһɧ
ǡ
ѿӭҲǸоǰЩϤ
Цŵٶ㲻ʶˣYHֵᰡ֮ǰ绰ҪûͶʵأ
ŶŶŶܣˣǲ˼ͷ̫࣬˵ôôأ
ҲһҷԴˣȻǵᵽ˭
һԼһ֮Ҳ
Ѱ㲻˵һҪһЩʱ𣿡ƿһѣҲת
ԼõȻԼСѾʼˣĿǰιµĸܲã  ˵δµ˼ʱƼҶҪɫ£  ΢΢һЦǱߵˣһ극иҪҵȥһ£
ѿеʵǻ˼˼һ׵ĺ֮ҲǸһɻ˹  ԭҪȥƤһµģڿֻеȻ˼֮ٹƤˣ
ԣһֱӵóƵߣ˳˼ˡ
û뵽һͿԼøڸڳܣ
ΪԱȽϵԶûƿǺ۵˵סףԻһûпף  ͻƿǻкӱҲΧȻǸûлῴˣ
ҲżҲҪƿһġϲ  СӿעҪһˣ
ԷɣƿЦŵһѣұǮˡ
ǣø㿪ʲôЦؽϣ˸ǮǻƼҵˣҲһһ֪ˡ
ɲٶóƵи֪İɣῴŻ΢΢һЦ
ҵȻ֪ܶΣλǿԵģѵͷ
ǵһİѸղŵ˵һٶǰһﾹȻҪ䡭
򣿺ǺǣҾͳ򣡣
ѵİԲǻƿܹģҪ֪ƼҵĹɷռ˵ĻǼռžԵĴͷٷ֮ʮĹɷݿɶߵġ
ʣµ߰˼Ҳͷ˰ٷ֮ʮҵĹɷݣ  ƿøԶٷ۵ģѾøǧԸĲôʹ
򣿣ҵθԹԡ
ҲǸǮˣڣ  øԶٷͱһҲܣ
ҹڣһٷ  ⲻ˵ԶʮٷԼ۾û
ͺӱЩĿĿŻѣ˿̵ĻƿǺͺӱҲǳڴ
ǺӱҪһǮ֮ǰ˻ôţ  ƿǴǵǰ棬һȺ˵Ĵӵ֮۵˵ĸǰ
һǧ򣡣
״һ˿ЦվŻ¶һ˿Цݣ
Ȼ˸ҸһѶţҵҪףָ硭
һ˺һǧʱ׼ŭҪ֪ڽҲӵ˼ûУ
ɽǼʶˣ׼쭵Ļһ˵֮ҲǴ
δ갡  û뵽óƵ꾹ȻָˣҪ˵ǲӣ  ָ磬Ǿˣ
Ҳ̸ǻ˼ϵĸ磬ͳ˼ұĹϵҲܹİ
һϾͰƼѹˣʿˮǵĳ׵ķ˹ȥ
ָ磿
ƿڵŻѻΪԼˡ
ǰһǲԼõܵݾȻһָ磿
ⲻǳô  һԵĺӱҲסˣǼͣ˽ŲôŻǰȥ
ָôⰡԷûУûһ԰λǡѿ׵ԱֻһλŮҲ۵˵
׿˿ѵɩ
ɩãСܻѣѺٺһЦָ磬ҵһμɩҲûдʲôզ
װڰֵÿ׼Ȼ˼ģһҪ鷳ǣ
˵ʲô鷳鷳ģָҿɶ֨˰̬ȣﻹ֮ǰǻƼķ緶  ֪˻Ϊһ׵Сأ




553¸ָǸ
 

óƵǰ̨  Ѻ˵Цվһԣ˶Ǿ㵵Ŀһ
ԭΪһ˻Ҳôġ
ɵȵţǳʱ˭Ҳû뵽Ȼһ֣  ѾȻΪָ磡  ʲôѶǲˣ˵˭
۵ԭҲΪʲôƼҪͻѾ׼˸һˡ
û뵽Ȼ״
ԭˣ
ǰڶʱǾԵŴһȲҲǱȱȽǣ  쵹Щˣ
ʵ״һʼ˵ҪʱͰ鵱һЦѣ
ҪĽĻʱ֮Ҳ²̨
񿴵̬֮ôĺãҲûдڼƽ飡
ΪƵĿ¾ǻƿǺͺӱˣҪ֪ӱ̾ǻƿǣƿ̾ǻѣ  ˵ƺ˲ͱˣ  ѾȻʶף׾ȻôӣһֱޱȵĻ˵̬ȣ  ѣ˭
ƿȻ֪Լ廰Щԣ̲סʵ
ѿ˿ƿǵ˵ø簡Ժ󿴵ָôָǸ
ѣ㲻֪
ƿǵɫ൱ѿ˵ҪһǸʱоǳ˲ӬһĶģ  ˵ˣǸ
ȻƽʱԼֵܻǱȽϵĿɽʱͬգ  Լﲻˣƿܵ  ˵ģֻҪ˼ָ綯Ƥӣƿǿ¶Բˣ  ʱûƿǵǸʵھһ  ǣǿݵķϣҲô׵Ȼù֮۸ɩ
Цһһûжֵĸԭǿڻѵϣ
ûж֣ѾǸʡ͵ĵƣ
۸ɩɫһ֪˵仰϶Ǵġ
ҪһָһõӡԺǻƼҿ¶Ҫŵùˣ  Լ
ҡҡҲ֪
ƿʱʶԣ  Ҳư˭֪ϵ˾ȻʶҾȻȻѻţأ  ֪Ļ;Զ֮ˣ  Ҫ㾴Զ֮ĻҲû֮ǰôˣ  ЩʱЩڲ֪ģ  ž
ѷ־һӣŻƿǸ
ԡԲָ֡磡
ƿǵ˲ӡóѸû飡  ׿˿ƿɣ
ƿɫͨľ뿪óƵ꣬߻ʲô
һԵĺӱŻƿˣоԼˣ
ԭΪѺ˱ڿԼˣˣ
һ뵽ԺҪϣ˸оˣ
ӱҲǻˣײûжŮôŮ˾ôһ֮Ժһúõ˵ģ
ܾһһԣԼһҪù  øۼƽϣʵ̫̫ˣǼƽϣƽϵĹ  ԷǿĵģαҪԼأ  ܿ죬ڻѵĴ£һҲ˺䣡  ʱܾǸСǮǾʮȵ׵˸ȥġ
ӿ𾴣ʵһжΪѵĳ֣
һٷԵĵͦʵΪ֮ǰĲƺڳԷû˶£
ֽ֮۵˼ݳ뿪ߣ
׺ǸŻȥ˻˼һҪˣУüޣóпպúģ  ʻ  ѽӵ˼ʱѾ11࣬˼״һŮڳϵʱҲЦ
ָ磬û뵽㾹ȻԹҰ˼ЦŵλӦָŮ˰ɣ
˵۴ɩһ߿һЦŵ
ϿŻ˼Ҳǳͷãҽϣ
ã˵ָ簡ھԴôоߵŮ˸ɩǸأ˼һƵ˵
С컹ƶҸҲżҲеҪһ¡Цŵ
˵ָ磬̸ľҲ̫˰ɣ˼Ƶ˵ҿǸ·ɻӻĹأ
ɻϲгԵû˵
ҲгԵģ˼ðָ磬Ȼ̸̸ױƷǾ̸̸
ǻױƷ飬ѧУҪһУ죬˼ܲһЩɶĹվվ̨׼Ūᣡ׳Ż˼ͻЦŵ




554º϶Ϊһ
 

У᣿
˼ҲЩĿ˿ףУǸʲô
һԵĻЦŵ֮ǰһǸø˵ҪҰ뼸ǡ
׿Żѵԭ鲻ҵ飬ǸøΪΪϣֻóˣ
ƿǣԺôʰҲŭ˵
ϿŻѵҲǵҿ˰ɣӦѾõѵˣ
˵׻һŮǱôǺܴȵԭƿǣ  ĴָǴɩ󰡣
˵Ѱ˼ҵĶСˣЦ
ûûûָҿû˼ҲЦ˵
˼Щ˵֪˵ʲô뼸ʵҲʲô⣡
ǵȻǶˣλүҲ࡭յĿĻ  Ұ֣˼Ŀ˿ף  Цŵͷţ˵пܵ£뾡ະһЩ̽ҲΪѧУųų
⵱ȻûⰡҰҲҪء˼Цŵ
ң׿Ż˼ʵҸʲô
̸̸鰡㲻֪ҰֶױƷħˣ˼Ƶ˵ڼ⻯ױƷʲôʱУ
ѿ˿˼һֱ˵ױƷɶױƷ
Ѱʱ֪ˣڸ˵Ҳ˵ףԺǼþ֪ˣ˼ص˵
˵˼磬Ͳ˰ɣհθڵⲻ̫ص˰ɣҲЦŵղָ˵Ҽͷȥμͬ۴ѧУ죬ǿ϶ûģ
׿˿Ѻͻ˼ЦŵҾлл˰Ҳûôʱȥ飬鷳ˣ
Ҹ˼磬ͷİɣҲи˱űɶİɣǰĿ
Ҳǻͷһʵ
׼շᵼݹҸϵΪУ컹мʱ䣬ԡҲǳŻ˵ʵ˵Ҳûɶ飡  רҵ齻רҵȥʱʡĲˣ
շŵĻСCase˰ѹһֵ
׵ͷһҴ˻Ǻܶģһֱ
ֱɶ˼˼һһ⣬ҲЩȦˡ
һУѣֵøôĶ  ׿Ż˼ȻҪȻҪõġһУĻᣬǵĻױƷҲͬʱƳȥأҾ͵̣
ָ磬ڵԽԽ˼˰
˼һתˣֱһо֮尡  Ҫ֪УܹôĶǺ䶯ˣָϻױƷУ
ҪһϵĻʱ׻ƷΧڣܹ䶯һѣ
ʱøʲôױƷŷ᣿ֱӾͰױƷƳȥ˰  ֹǱһĹҪǿ̫ˣ  ָ磬Ⱥܴ󰡣Ҫ˼үӹĻʱҵ϶ǹעİЩǵڸǲ˵ˣ
Ȼ֪е̻ˣʵҲǶ˼ˣ
ѲɵһԵĻ˼ҲЦŵָ磬Ȼô˵ˣҿǻŷŵĹҲ̵ٰĻҲһ
ǹµҲһһȻҲǲġ
˼ŻѵСܲܲҪѧҰ
˵˼磬ôõĻ᲻˷ˣһлָġѹһֵ
ʼȻûˣȻǻˣڵǹעȣעԽߣʱǵĹЧӦͻԽõģ
ָ磬һǲĶ˰һ뷨൱ĲʡҲܼо
˼ԽԽ׵뷨ΪĲ
ЦŵɣڵЩֽ̽Ǿɣ취
ָ磬ⷽҲ·ӣЩ𾪵Ŀף
Ҫ֪ײŶ󰡣ôʶôأ
ڿ˼ôӣҲǶһεһظУ  Цŵʶˣû·Ӱɣ
֮ǰѾˣǱߵ·ӿ϶Ҫõģμôʱ䣬׽ӦЩӰģ
ױƷ׵ĴǹڹһʡĵʱԼҲ
˼һֵУҸѼӦûˣҵӣܶ˻Ըģ
˼һļϣ




555µһϵŮ
 

׺ͻ˼һ̸ֱҹһӣ
ʱԭҪȥѧУѧУѾǹˣϵӣҲһĻȣ  ȡ׿һµСҪȻȥҸطϢһ᣿
ǲѧУ𣿡
ɫͨ죬ƺо׵⣬ĺûôĿܣ  ӵЦŵʱѧУĴſ͹˰ɣڻȥܲվһްɣ
Ҳǰô죿
ǸŮôܲԼڰɣ
׺ٺһЦһԵϼ۵ղҿóƵĻԣ˼Ƕߣڻȥ׷£
ҡסһ飿
ɫߺ죬ڵķǳĸӣϲǲҪ߳һҪġ
Ƶ׷һסһҲԣ
һĻѾΪŮ֮䲻˵һܣ  ʵϣϻҲѾһЩ׼ˣ
Ȼ֪ʱģ
ҲˣϸԼԺԼŮˣˣҲν
װĽӵڻУžƵķ˹ȥ  óƵ꣡
Щǰ̨˿׺˹Ҳ̾͸׺Ͽ˸䣬֤û  ϳԷ֮ڿҲ൱ľս
Ƶĳ׷ڣ
ϴ˿ֱ֪һҪʲôĻС¹ײ
Сϡ
׽˷֮ϣĿдһ˿飡  һ͵͵̧ͷһۣ˵ĿոյĽӴһʱһεĽԼͷ
׿ĿСϣϲ㣬ҵŮ˺𣿣
֡㡭
һıף׻һ㣡  ûзӦ֮ʣѾһѽϸӵ˻УƬᴽ˿̴һ飡
һεܽӴ  ˵ͻȻ˵İԵ
ϱ˰Եһ֮ԺһƬհף۾ֱ㶵Ŀףܿ˫۳С
׽ı𣬶ɬĽԼͷůͦε棡
԰һҹߣҡ߮Ĵ󴲴н
ڶһ磬׿ź˯Ҳ¶һ˿΢Ц  Լû뵽ĵһξȻǺϷģ
ȻˣЩ鱾Ҫ˳ȻģϣǸˣЩҲˮˡ
ϣΪϵĵһŮˣ
ûоôһ֮ǰܸоЩȱζζҲһļ¶
ϲ֪׵֮дǿһĲ֮Ҳڲϵıţ
ԭ˯֮У֮ƺҲЩоҲ͸ˣ  ԼӣҲæñӰԼ
ҿˣô߰Щ뿪Ц˵
㡭ᡭתȥɫߺ죬׹һ֣ӵЩ΢΢һЦ˺ˣ㿪ЦˣСģһ㸺𵽵׵ġֻЩڻ˵ٺ٣͸㡭
һóһͨƺû¶Цݣȡ֮һȻף֪ǮϲǿǮŸһģϲˣ
Ҳ˼
ҲסˣϾ֮ǰԵΪ˱š
ټԼѾˣ͵㶫Ӧûκˡ
ֻû뵽Ů쳣еģ
ȻŮ˲٣ЩŮ˳ڽӴʱ䲢ࡣ
ף㡭㡭
Ҫ˵һЩݻԼ׾Ȼ˵ݻһʱۿһ졭
׿ϼæСϣɱҵ˼Ҹ˵ɲһĶ
ţһĶǸ𣿡ϾײӦһϲˣЩɵĿס
׵¶һ˿΢ЦһܺúǿĻԺͻ֪ġ
Ļ𣿣
һֵʱҲչ˿
νĶһ⻤һ˶İں㲻
뵽ߣϵҲҸ
Ů˱ٶȻǿ찡Ҳһգ͸ʹˣ  ղҲˣҪʵںŪȥĻҲֻܹȫгˣ
Ůˣһﻹûʲô̫İ취Ů֮»һ¶ʱڣ  ʲôԴУΨ椹ûа취еģ




556¹ܸߵУ
 

óƵ꣡  ׿ϵЦݣҲǱȽϵĲ  ŮԼߣһ׸оԼƺı
ǰĪ̵һʱȻҲҪЩŮˡ
ĵĸƺûôǿң¶ζƺ֪һε
ϸףһ㶼ڣ׵ĻԼļҶѾǰ˸̣ûˡ
ͳΪʲôܹһԼأ
ΪԼ飬ǧĴԼϼҸϵԶǧ֮SCʡһиˡ
뵽պ׵һμ龰ҲǲȻЦ
׿ЦŵСϣ⼸ҿܱȽϵæһҴ绰շŵһ飡
ף˵ôôأ²ƷҪˣأϿЦʵ
ǺǣһǿѧУֺӣҲΪԺѧУɣ˳УһӣҵʱȷǿǵǻױƷ
Цŵ⻯ױƷû൱Ļ𱬣ܹΪҴٵĺôֶΪأ
֮ǰһֱûʱ֮죬ӹĻ찡
ϿһЦҪҪҸæ
ǲãл˼ڰҲٳţҪˡ׹һֵ
һ˵ʱҲü֮ǰ˵Ҫǣ۸²Ͱɣ
ţڹʵǿԵģӦûٶٵǮɡ׿ϵ
ðɣ㻹ȴ绰ŵɣϾȨˣʲôŵɴأһܹˣ
ʵӦû׵ģֻڲǲ뻳 ôоֽܵأ  ÿҲϰԵĻһ£ʵÿ׶ʵˡ
һҲЩһϾǣôʱأ
ײͨշĵ绰
˿̵շھѵˣҪ֪ǲϷȻӢֺˡ
ɵȵ˵ĵڶλĻҲǼ֮ˡ
ȫᣬỹһ൱ӡ
׵ĵ绰ˣշҲЩƵĽ˵绰
ʵԴӾһε֮շҲЩţи̡
ЩҪ绰û飬Ҳ̫Ҵ
һ׵ĵ绰շܿı㽫绰ˡ
ܣû°ɣ
շһӵ绰̾׵ûʲô飬׸Լ绰ʵҲ֪Ӧûɶˡ
ʲôû£Цʵ
ǡǸһε鰡շ˵ҲСˣ±Ƶá
׹һֵǼѾˣŵôĶûаɣ
շһЦ콵ʯҲǱӦ׻Ե˻ûʲô³
΢΢һЦŵææ
аɣôˣܡշЦŵ
׵ŵиæ۸˵
ܣҪǸǮǾû˼˰ֻҪշܰ쵽ģǾûж
շڿɰ׵ǲүһĹˣҪľϣһܹӢֺɹ
飬ǶС£  շԼ֮꣬Ӧóһ۷֮۷֮ϣһεӰƷ֮ϡ
֪һξۼôĹʴƣڲɹĻҲĺܶˣ
ЦŵŵֵܻأܲɻǮɣһʱأúüûúúϢ˰
ܰɱŻҰշҲЦʲô£֨ˡ
ģѧУ׼һУ죬һУᣡЦŵ
ѧУУ죿ûⰡǺǣһУѣɶģַӵ顭
շԼⷽŶӵģ˵Ӧûκεġ
϶ó飬⻹ʲôѶأ  ЦŵŵһĹܱȽϵĸߣɵóȫʵ
շһ⻰ҲЦŵİɣܣĶҲ˵ǺóģҵıһŶӣֻҪʱ䣬ұ׼һ𺳵ᣡ
շɲĵȻô˵ˣȻԼĵߵġ
Ҫ֪ǰ˿ĻʽܵݣˣһССУ  ȻǾԲܵ飬ֻ֪׵׷󵽵жߣ




557½ʳ
 

ŵһҿ˲ٵ󣬹ʹڵһӦöеġ
ʱշ˵飬˼ѾǲԶˡ
շЩԾĿʵģô󣿲һУ𣿲ڰɣ
շԭ׺ԼȥҲΪѧУŸѣû뵽⾹Ȼѹģô
ʡڵһߴƣ
ʲôడշЩ׵ʲôˣ
һУбҪȫ綼䶯𣿣  ЦŵҪŵ̸⣬ŵҪȻɣڽóƵ㣬Ŷڹ
ڣշʵ
һţУҲһҵʱˣⲼóʲôҲһСĹ̰һиʽıϣŵܹоʣ
շ̵֪ˣ̹ȥ
ҲʱԵĹ˵绰ʱ֣׼ȥԷ
Ͼһҹ֮ƺڸӵķŵÿˡ
Ҫ֪ǰ׵ʱйְǣְʲôģ
׵ˣ׸оһĿģ
ŵղ˵ˣ絽Եʲô׿Цʵ
֪иӣмҳԵĻǲġ
Ů˶ڳԵҪһЩЩСʲôġ
ӣζܵص
ЦʵʵҲνǲԷҲûʲôģֻҪϸоľͺˡ
ЦŵʵҲÿһҶܵصɣϲַΧ˸оһֻصʮָоϲŵĸо
ǺǣȥǾȥ¡΢΢һЦɶҲһġ
ʳ
ʵʳ֮ǰνʳҲûжֻʳ￴ȥΪиһЩѡ
洫һζƺζָоҲ൱Ĳ
Ϥζǲ
вټҵСӰɣ΢˿жʮңһʼΪֻмҵء
ʲô鶼ѾŲҵķչˣһСҲ任ʳˡ
Цŵʵط࣬һιǰʱû뵽ط仯Ȼôˣ֮ǰҳԵǼҶǵʲôطˡ
⵹û£ǾͰֳԸ飡ҲԵ˵
㵱𣿺ߡϳ׵˵۾еЦȴʵҲǸ׿˸Цѣ  ׳ϵҵĴ˵ȥļҾȥļҡ
ѽʲô˲˵ģˡһô˵ɫһεĺ
ƺֻҪЦЩԲŮľһƤ˰  ˳ӵ˽ȥϿ˿һһŰƺЩƾɣһֺ  ף㿴ô
ⷿӿȥЩԶֻƺûһ㣬ȥҲǱһζ
ƺ˲׿˿ЩҲĵĵطҲüζǲŶ
ɡ
һĸŮӴ˳ȥıֵļãֻƺΪµѾµĺۼ  ֪Ů˾ԲһֱͶˣ
̸ºĳʣѾ˵һУ
˶೤ʱ˰׺϶ȻǸŮʵ
үүǱһֱҲġŮҲЦЦ
ϿŮӵ㣬ĸоģذ
ǺǣʲôģزģذŮ΢΢ҡͷ
ѩã˰
סϺǰŮʱһ˴ſִ˽ͷдѾ˵ҵ  ҵ˰ǸѩõŮ˿ˣĨһ˿飡  ţ˵ûϰɣɣǱЪһᡭǸֵӿԼŮЩۣҲ̶ԼеĶæµ
ϿǸŮӵ㣬Ǻøôһ㰮ɷ򡭡
Ǻǣ䣬Ըһ˰ײ룡ѩõŮƺдһ˿ľǿȴҲһ˿ĵȻ
Ǹӽһ֮ʣԼĿָժˣ¶һŴŲɣȴ쳣˧
㡭ҵ
Щ;һԵҲǱһ




558±۸
 

ʳֺ꣡  ˿̵ϵһƬ֮ɫƺǰ˺ǲ˼飡
׿𾪵ģҲЩɵʵʶ
Ǹժ¿ֵӣһϳԼϽԼĿָȥ  Ǵ˿֣ҲԿóѾ쵽˲Ӹ
һǸѩõŮߵӵԱߵҵ㡭Ƚȥɡ
ӴҴ뿪һ׽ıӰ  Щһ˲ɵģ϶ûзӦĹ  Բǽ첻Ӫҵˣ
ǸѩõŮӿϺ̵Ҳǲϵڱ仯óղŵǵĴܴ
ΪΪʲôϿѩõŮӵ
ΪʲôҸǴɣ͵ǵˡѩЩҴҵ˵
ЩεĿ˿ף΢΢һЦȻ˼£Ǿ߰ɣ
ðɡ
ҲһΣȻкЩʲôɻ󣬵׵Ļ
أ  ׺ϼҪʱ򣬴߽ӣȥΪɷ  ֡ǡ
ǸѩõŮһˣɫһ
ٺ٣ѩãⷿǵǲǲĻҿԱ֤ԺһⶼûУ
ͷǸӰͷȻǶ죬Ÿ޷ȴĿһñġ
ҼҵԲģѩЦһ
ٺ٣ѩãǰһСˣû뵽㾹ȻǴǵŰֻǺҲëķ˲缦
˷ЦӼΪǷ⣬Խһ˻Խǲǡ
ѩɫһ㡭ô֪ģ
ߣ˵ˣĶв鲻ʢĿүϴҲЩģŲүǼͷӰ
Ǹͷƺһбȥһгӣ  㡭ҡҴӦ㣡
ѩõı仯ʵ̫죬һԵϺҲǸоЩĿɿڴ  һ֪ѩÿ϶Ǳ˸вˣ
²֮ʵ̫̫࣬Ҳǹܲ
վһôţδ˵
û˵Ͼеסһеˡ
ż۸һŮˣЩһ˵ǻǲ˰ô۸һŮˣǶˣ
˭ĸҸ۸ô˵
һëС꿴˾Ȼʱվ죬ҲǴӵ۵ĿһԵϵ
ǸͷĽ۸һϺһԵףҲЦе˵˵ŮƢͦᰡ
ҹߵģôˣ
׵ĻʵǰԵޱȣһҹߵģһԵϵзŹ⣬һԵѩô˵Ҳ¶һ˿Ľı飡
Ůܹһ˵Ļʵ൱Ĳװ
Բꡭ
Ǹ۸һ׾ȻҸԼô˵оԼϹҲסֱӳһԵİף
ס֣
ԭղѾ¥ҵʱ
ڶѾûκεˣԼѾǱ¶ˣŸʲôأ
˵ҪľҪֹǰһķ  סԡ
۸ͷһۣһҵֱ˻ȥȻӲİԼеİף
飡
ʽʵʵ֮ϣһҵĺУ
Ǹ۸Ӹ׼˵һ֮ǰվһԵë˿ͷ϶ưˣ
Ѫע
ղǸ۸Ȼҵףʱֱ̣һץסԱߵëëҲǵù
ôʵʵıԼϴҵ߻أ֪Լɶˣ
ë̱ڵϵӣһԵҲСֱ  ղһĻʵЩˣһҪҵףԼҲúˡ
ȻҲ֪׵ֵܸߣⷲǶ¸һܴҲǸ

۸һ׾Ȼëô˺ֱһεľ˰ף  ʱôܸٿأ
㲻ƣԶֵ֪ģȻҲôҲǹģ
أ
۸ոհѵӾʱ׵ҽѾһĸǰһ߳
۸ֱӾͱ߷˳ȥ֮ǰǿѾƾɵŰ֮ϣ
۸硭
ëû۸Ѿ˵ϣʣµǸʿˮҲŵЩˣ  ׿Ǹ׼뿪Цһһ̧ȥҪȻǻĺܲҵģ
ǣ硭һ׵ӣҲ̵ͷ˵
˱ǿˣװӵĹǿһģ
ллǡ⼸һ뿪ӣѩҲǸмĺܣܿ˵˧ǻǸϽ߰ɣҪȻһܾ߲ˣ
ҵʱѾɫѣǰǸϽ߰ɡ




559±ɱ
 

ղŵ飬ҵѩ˽Ųѣ  ׶Ȼ˵˾ռߣҲϡƽǼ˲Сѡ
С˵ֱǸҲǰ״
Ҳ֪ʶ˶ֵ࣬ҲĸߣһаȫеߣҲǺܰĵġ
ϼ̵ľ״Լǵ˾ʱ򣬼ʮǰǿвһ㣡  ҲǸʱ׸ߴϵȻ
Сϣʶˣ׿˿ϣȻָָҵʵ
ղ˻ûʲôȤڿ浹Щˡ
ҵЦһʶʵҲ֣
һԵͷףǰżҵҵż񰡣Īľûټ
Ŷż磿ô˵ǰǸˣЦʵ
ʲôǲǵİǰˡ˵λѣǻǸϽ߰ɣٲߵĻˡղǸǵﲻ𡭡
ҵü֮͸һɽ֮ɫȥƺϣ׺ǰŮ˾ʧǵǰ  ô죿Цʵ
ҡҲߣȳȥܱܷͷ˵ɣҵҵһЦʵҲǵһΰˡ
ѩõЩ˵ҵ⡭ǰᵽȥȻҪӾ͸ǷӺˣҪȻҲûǮ
ӣЩһΪҪӾˣıʢү֪һڽĻʱǾͲˡ
ҵҲһĵǣѩõ̬Ǻܺõġ
һԿԼżȻ޴ɶӣҲЩĿ˿׵ҪȻȸҸطסס
˼һµҪȻסҼסһ󣿷ƽʱҲôס
ң
ҵЩͷԡ
һԵѩ̵ôأҪȻǸðɣ
ƺҲЩ˱׵ҪȻ߰ɣ
ǲҪʰһ£׿ҵЦŵ
ʵҵѩסĵطҲһʱѣǸҲûʲôס
Լϸɩϼ൱ĿԼĸĸڻԸ⵽Ҳַڱסˡ
һŹһӵھǿ˳ˣ
ԭ㳿סǱߵģ㳿˵ȥϢ£һҲûʲôϢ
뵽㳿ҲЦڲ֪ôˣ  пյʱ򻹵ô绰ʣϾʲԼҽҩĴУӦЩüĿˡ
ЩɻĿ˿׵㡭ڽˣ
ʶ֮ǰķӣסҲ٣ʼ
ðɣһ֪㾹ȻзһˣҲǰ뿪Ц˵ʵ֪׵ʵӻɵ飡
¥ߡ
ҵѩʧ׺ϵĸǰһγֵʱ϶һӣ  һ⳵ŽһŹݼ۶ȥ  ׵ıǰҵѩñǰľˡ
⡭ķӣҵҲʿˮҡǿⲻ𡭡
ѩȻдĽǺǵ˵סĵط
΢΢һЦȻˣǾȽȥɡ
˺ܿ׼ҵĿ
ϿӣҲʿˮ˵Ҳ̫˰ɣⷿӸʰʰһذɣ
Ǻǣʱм˾ʱʰģûµġЦЦȻҵ򸾵ҽһ£ҽףλŮϣ
ãַ˺á
ҵԭ׻ûôĿЩʱڻӰҲЩȻĶһЩ˿ʼ
΢΢ֵ˵ʵҲЩĪҪСҡ
ַˣǲ鷳ǵġѩ̵
ЦŵҲһ鷳ˣСϼȻʶ㣬˵ЩԵֲ𣿡
ҵʵһֱķ˿ݵôã質Ҳôãʱ඼ԵĲˣôúõľʧأ
Ǹﰡû뵽ϾȻһȵķ˿
ҵ̾һ˵ʵ˵ԴҶãҲ˿ΰ
ѩҲһԵַˣȦһֱǺҵģǵ˲õˣֻܹϵùˣ
ǵˣҲɣ׿˿ҵʵ
ҵ΢΢̾һˮʵ̫ˣǲҪ㣬ʵһԭһ˸ˣܵʱҲᵹùģ
ͦ׿˿ҵЦЦҲ֪ϵ˼ҪһӣʵʲôձȽϵĲ




560˵ҵ
 

һŹݱ  ׵ļУʱҵѩøо൱֣  ײʱģȻҵûвգ  ѲҪǽܹ
ʵĻҲδظҪΪǺ±ʢ˷֣  ףɺˣϿɲģЦŵҵֻûУأ
Сû뵽㾹ȻǸ˿˼Ҷɱôˣ㾹Ȼ˼ҵֻǺǣֲøղҰ˼ҡ
ʵ̫˿ŮˣԼŮôССԸʵֲ˵Ļʲô壿  ץ׵ĸ첲ҡҡףҵһ㣬ҪܰĻͰһ
ϼԼѵʱûףȻ鲢ܱȣ  ʱϸײ죬Ѿ˷֮ʵˣ˵ҲҪźܶࡣ
ټⱾǰ˲Ｚ飬˵ûʲô̫ѹ
׵ʵϻ֪ģҲΪ֪׵ʵҪҪûа취  ղŸ˵ʱҲǿܰŰĻ  ллַ˵ĺ⣬ǡ
ѩÿ϶ҵʮֵģʵҲͦжģϾԼϹѾɱüˡ
׿ҵʵˣϣܹʵҲܹȨ⣬˵˼㶮𣿡
ҡҵʵһ˿ϣ˼ܹﵽԼأ
ԭҵûκϣģɿסݻıʱһ˶᱾ܵΪһЩλġ
Ͼڵıһ˵סܹסȻǲܵģ
׿ҵֻҪ齲ͺˣνӦÿǵ⡣
Ȼô˵ˣڽҲûκ˼ˣҵ̾һʵ鱾ӡ
ҵʼ飬Ǹҵһ鱾ӣ
ҵΪһŮ˵ĳɴеĶӣɴȦĴࡣ
ɱȻҲ֮е飡  λɵĴоʢĴ죬컹һݣYHֵĶ³  YHֵĶ³ΪζĿҵʵҲµòĻղ˵Ǹ۸ģӦþԱߵλɣ
Ŀ棬ѩãʱѩñǰ֮в죬ҿҼʱϵҪȻĲ롭
ҵ˵ʱ򣬿Կó˻Եǳļ
ѩһ˵ʱҲ̲סΪҵɱҵ˱㣬мҲزȥˣҡ
ղŲ˵Ǹطҵ𣿡Щɻʵ
ϷӵȷǼҵģҰȴϿ׮¡ǵ˼Ҫ뿪ҵôأҵΪϣĹǰ;ôȥأ
ѩõĿдһ˿мҲܻصĸо˭Ҳ൱Ĳá
ҵѩõֵѩãԲ𣡣
ҵûµģûĻڶˡѩĨĨԼᣬҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
ϿˣƺҲۿתǸʲôƾʲôɱ㰡ԼӲѧòúùܹܣȴ
һ˿ȷܹ֣
ʵҵҲǲһЩ  ԼܺͷȺһˣǰ
ϲ˵Ҳ׼һҵΪģΪԼƵ
ҵҲһ˿ᶨҾԲģⱲûϣôһѩãֻҸоЩԲѩãϾٹְֵʮ٣ԭҪȥţڣ
ҵԺлһȥģǻȥҲ˼£粻ȥأѩҲǰο˵Կóޱȵʧġ
ղ˵YHֵıʢ
ʵ׶Ȧ鲢˽⣬ҵô˵ҲЩͬǰҵˣ  ǰ;ûˣŮ˸Ҳûˣ  ţʢǰ֯ҪǶǲܵ顣ҵ̾һ
⵹ҲһɣǺǡЦŵ˵ˣȦһֹ˾𣿡
Щֹ˾һģżһЩСֹ˾ҲܸYHĳŶɣôҲ֪ҵЦҡҡͷа취ĻܳɽˣҪȵ𣿡
ס
Щ۰Ͱ͵ĿףԭҵͺܳݣôҵĹ£Ů˵ͬҲǷ
ҵ˵ģԼΪʧʱף  ˼һ£ҵЦŵȻֹ˾ҿԼһֹ˾ˡ
ʮ㣡  ֱӿһֹ˾仰һڣҵѩסˣ϶סˣ




561ҵѡ
 

һŹݱڣ
ҵѩþôĿףǸоǰһЩˡ
ֹ˾  ڵ㿪ĶҪ֪ҵƺӴʵϵô
Сֹ˾ʱ¶ᱻͬйעģ  ҵݼΪ⣬ǱʢүɱˣʱһγڹڵҰ֮еĻǴү
ɲİүȦĵλǾ۹ľһ㣬ֻӵķˡ
ҵѩһʼΪҪԼҲǸԼһʲôɶġ
ôҲû뵽λȻػȦ
㡭ЦЩ̫Ц
ҵ˵Щ߶µˣ˵ղ˵Ļǲܵ飡
һԵѩҲǼæǼҵǿ϶ڻȦչˣղӦҲ֪ˣʢүǵﲻ𰡣
Ͽ˿׵ףĴǿֹ˾
Ҷ㺦ʲô׿˿ҵڶصζܺ𣿡
ȻˣվǸ첲šȰҵʵЩûп
յĽоϸûʲôƽԣҲЩˡ
΢΢Цһô֪ʢǴȣҾͲǴأ

ҵһҲûа취شˣʵ˽⡣
֮˵ҲǸͷ֮ѣʶ̸ϡ
ʢ̫˽ˣʢĿʵΪ˿ЩԱ͸֡
Ǿǿ׬ǮţҪЩԱһ֮Ͳ̵ܽĻôYHֻʲôȥ׬Ǯأ  һ㣬¶ˣҲܹһ𣿡
ҲȰȥˣҵѾʧȥ׳־ƽĻôüǰʲôأ
ҵʹӦ˰ɣײẦǵġЩ˵
ҡҴӦ㣬죬꣡
ҵ鼱֮һڴӦףӦ֮Ҳǻͷ˿ѩá
ѩøҵһҵʲôҶ֧㣬ʲôڻҪǹŹһȻֺʲôأ
ѩõĻƺҵģЩ˵ҵѾˣֻпܻ۵㣬㻹Ҫ˼У
ǺǣЦŵɣһᣬ飬ֹ˾ͦ򵥣ҲԴǣ
ʶȦˣҵЩ޵Ŀʵ
ЦŵʶһЩ
ҵѩȻղŴӦһ·ǳˬ죬ǻеǲѡ
ʢүһɽѹǵͷϣǸоЩ
Ҳ֪һɽʱٵĿ¾ʢһѹȡ
ҵѾﻢ£Ϊһ׵ǰҲǲ붪ˡ
乶͵һǿĶ
׳ȥ˸绰ھҪѻ˼ѺշẰԼط
ʵҪĿĲΪ˳ʲôֹ˾ֹ˾˵һС¡
ҵǰҲûоʲô£һYHֶѣл㲻ʲô
Ȼʢүҵһɽ׵һʯӡ
Сʱȴҵѩõоһֿ̰ļ尾
࣬ѵĳʻ׵ĺլ֮У
ˣֱǻ˼Ѻշᣡ
˵ʵշԼҲû뵽׾Ȼͨ죬˼ͻȳܹʶ
ҿȥƺ˶׻൱𾴵ģ  Խ˽ףշԽǾλ൱ء
ָ硭
ܡ
˼շ˿ףǵĳƺȻ̫һ֮ƺ͸һ˿أ  ҵѩöڻ˼ͻʵϤϾѾЩѽˡ
ǶշȴϤޱȣշᳯ߽ʱǵҲӿֳһĨ֮ɫ
ŵҵЩ𾪵ĿշᣬʵշҲйμġ
շһ֮ҵʱҲǲ첻ѣָҵ׵ʶ
Ǻǣѣ׵˵
ҵѣ⡭⡭
շҲǸоһƣҵ׾ȻѣĻôôҲܱɱɣ  ˼˿׵ָ磬Ҳǽܽ




562ʲôˣ
 

˼ͻѶҵϤϾһȦˡ
շҵȴϤĺܣʢүɱ˵ʱҲǸо𾪲ѣ  Ҫ֪ʱҵ˵ľ߲ŻһλԱӸ֣ûʢɱĻڵҵѾǾǼˡ
˵һ֮ͱһˣ  Ȼ̫ⷻ䴫ҵʢүŭүűɱġ
շᣬʢүҲη֣˭ϵԴأ
׿˿˼ͻѵҽ飬һǺŵһУ飻ڶһºϻ￪һֹ˾顭
ֹ˾ָʲôʱˣ˼һֵɩҸ˵ɵÿ㰡
ϿŻ˼һֵǼ׾ҼҲν
ȥ˼һϾȻô˵۾ɵϴһԵĻҲĴָɩһûûɶģҿɻǵ
ҲЦǼҵ˿ɸʲŶ
ɩǺǰҲʼ
׿˿˼ͻѵ˵ڶɣҵŵӦ֪ɣ
ҵҵȻ֪ˣȦ𶯹ģܿ챻ƽϢ˶ѣŵҲ̾һ
˵ŵհ˼շʵ
շЦһٶôҸհʵҲ֪ҵǵʢүɱˣ
ļٵģ˸ҷɱָѣ˼Цһʢ쵨ӵǲС
΢΢һЦȦֻ죬һֱûʲôû뵽ȻҷɱָѣǾ͹ֲˣ
׵ͷֹ˾Ŀһ϶Ϊ׬ǮҲǰһѡ
ָ磬ֱ˵ǸʲôɡЦŵ
Һܸɶ£ЩɶҲʡȥܶ飡ҲֱԲ˵
ָ磬Ҿ֪϶Ҫ˦ƹ˦ƹҲ̫ɶˡ˼Ҳеĸܵģ˦ƹ̾簡  ѵν˵ӪԵ˲Ųң˼磬Ҳп۵ˣֲȥذש
շῴ⼸ͷȻָҪһֹ˾ҲĶѣ  ʵշЩǮû׬ΪԸȦҲû̫Դ
ڿ⼸λ̸飬Ҳ˼
ܣҡܲҲһɰշῴЦʵ
׹һֵŵȦһĽλģһɿ϶Ҳٲ˵ģ
ʵһֹ˾չһֹ˾ļ򵥣շ
չ˼ǰһ⵹Ǹ⣬򵥶ˣ
׿˿ҵҵȦûʲôYHߵñȽϽֹ˾
MG֣
ҵԥľ˵˳MGֹ˾̹ĵʹ
ѩһҵ˵MGֵʱҲ΢΢һ
Ϊѩþֹ˾ģҲǵʱMGֵܴȥYHֵ٣ôһģ  MG֣ҹ˾ģԣƺ·YHָǳĻѾˣ
շȦ״˽ĻǱȽϵģټMGֵȷһȽϴĹ˾
MG֣ǽɣƺҲ˵
շͷţڽģҲֻаСʱĳ̶ѣ˵MGֵһʶȦЦ滢
ǾҰɣ׵ľƺһ
ҵЩǵ˵ܣչMGֿѶЩ󣬱Ͼҹ˾ģǺܴģҪȻǻչһСһЩİɣҸղֻһ˵
ҵϹ˵ʲôءշһҵȻ⼸λĲʱҲǸϽ
ŵôˣMGչһ߰˸ٲ˵İɣôһǮ˭ҲԲİ
ҵôģϾ߰˸ڿɲ߰˰ôֽôõóأ  ֪λ˭𣿰ɱôãҲλǻŷŵĻ˼ٶλǹµĻٶ
շῴҵҲ̾һҵѽڵʱ̫˰
𺳣  𺳣
ҵѩ˼ͻѵ֮ǶǴ  Ȼǲʶǰˣ⻪ŷź͹µǿɶǶĵط
ٶ
ܲʵ˼Ҳ֪ģ˻ȷûм
һԵĻѸǵ͵ڹڵҰΧ֮ڣ  ҵһ˵ݣҲŵЩҴˣ  ԭΪʶ˵УշŵѾǺţˣڿŵ˵ĸǰ㲻ʲôˡ
ʲô˰ҵһֲʵĸо




563չ
 

MG֣  ˾Ķ³ܲ棬Ѿʮ߰ˣ  Ȼ˵ֵҵĻƽڣɶ˵ȴЩأ
MGǰδеʱMGЩϽˣ
MGҵһ·»ΪʱעЧԣҪµĿȴٳʽ𲻵λ  ĿǰMGֿνһƬ˾ڲд˵˾Ѿ֧Ų˼ˣ  Զм˵Ҫ̸һģŮ棬Ŀת̲  ̸˭
˵Զһ滹ǲװⶼˣû뵽Żôѽ
շס˼ͻѵ˽  ŵϸ˰һշˣҲǷǳĿ
ȦĲǸôһവһ£Ҳˣ
ֻ沢֪״еĿģȻҪȾָȦһMG־ԲĿ꣡
ĿǰȦҲǼΪĻңʢĻԼ˵㣡  ҲΪҵעһɣЩʱˣҲҪƵģ  շῴ˿棬ԶԶӾǸϵ⽭ʵΪһ顭
ŵʲôֱ˵ֻҪܹæģǾԻﵽףȻҲ׵ĵշᣬҲЦŵ
շῴͷ֮ǰ˵MGҪۣ
ŵ㲻˵ҪչҵMGֵİɣ΢΢һЦ
ҿûʵҸ⼸λǿʵ൱ǿģշ΢΢һЦ
Ŷ濴˿һԵļ˵⼸λǣ
Ѻͻ˼ժ˿֣շ΢΢һЦλԶӦòİɣ
ٶٶϡͰϡͣ
ҲǳԾĿ˿ǰһֱϡеϡͰ  ĸʮԼĹ˾ˣ  ôҲܵ⻪˼ͻߣҲǺ
ԶҲûʲô˼ҸٶҪֽһЩˣȱ˾ŵ˵ߺ
ѿ΢΢һЦ濴Լͻ˼۷Ź⣬֪˿϶ҪԼĹ˾ˡ
ʵ֮Ҫ˾תˣľӪҵͣҹ˾ӪѾһڣ
ȥӪҵȥһѾﵽǧİ֮ޣ  һ˾ֻܲϵĳ𣬶ҿĶԽԽô˾ֵܿή͵һ߶ȣ  ɲܹĿÿһ꣬ԼͿһڵĸо  Ҫ֪˾ǰֵǽӽʮҡ
ϵĿĿǰֵʵѾ½˽֮һ
ܹʮȫгĻллˣ
Ż˼ͻҪչԼĹ˾֮л൱ļġ
˿ɶǲǮʱһȥ߼ۣǿ԰Ŀ𶼸
ٶʵ˾Ҳ֪ģֽô꣬ǿڱǡ׼ţʱ˭Ȥģ
һԵװڰֵ˾ۣ۾ˣ˽ǩԼʦˣҲûбҪʲôͷ𣿡
λǣ濴˿Це˵
λܡշ̽ܵ
һֵܹȻǸˬ˰ɣǾʮô
ߣԶĪ۸ǲ飿Цһ
ʵMGҪҲһ£ĿǰֵʵѾһԤˣ  ٶҲ֪ҵһҵҲЩ˵
˸ڣֱӵƺûκεķϻ  ˸ڣ˵⿳Ҳ̫˰ɣɫһ
˼˿˸רҵʿģĿǰٶȵĻ¾ڣֵˡ
ٶ㡭˵ǹ˾ɫһ䣬ʵϻ˼й
Ҹ˴һ£ʵѾһĿȻˣϾִͳĹ˾ܺõ飡  ӵĿʱ䣬ҿɸ棬ǲҪҲÿûͣ
¶һ˿Цһֶζѹ˵ģû뵽ˣ
ҡ
ҲڻˣһˣԺ¸ӵľٲάˡ
ȻıYHֵүүðŵﻪٶͻٶΣԼͷ
붼òܰ
Сʱʱ䣬ʦѾǽݺͬã˼ΪȨĽЭǩ
׿źͬѾǩԼˣҲ绰ҵʾѩһ  ֮ǰ׵˾ѾˣMGԺͽҵѩˡ
Ҳķһɣ  ӵ绰ҵѩһ·ϴϤMG߹Ѿϳǣܶ˶ָָĿţ
վסѩã㾹ȻҺҵҡڵĳMG֣
һѩµŮӿѩúҵ˵м˳
ʢ˵ӣһԵҲǲҿ




564°ܿ
 

MGܲڣ  һŮסѩúҵ·֮ǰûҵ򸾹Ҳԭġ
Ȼҵû˵ʲôȴܹµóҵһѿڶMG֣϶ĪĳԹ  Ļ˵MGֵʱҲôҧгݣ  ֮ǰ̸У֪һҵ򸾳Ļ϶ǲͷġ
ԣǩԼѾɹˣMGѾǵˡ
ҪڷʲôݳҲѾǾԲܵˣ  ڣѩһǸŮӵʱɫ䣡
һԵҵɫҲÿȥԿóŮ˸֮źĳԹġ
ܿ
ѩüҧгݵĿǰŮˣֳǷԷθġ
ܿĿǰְMG֣MGֵӪܼ࣬н  MG֣ܿνʵȨ֮һܼĸ߹֮⣬Ҫţˣ
ѩõʵⱳܿԭΪֺĶӣѵʱMGΪƯѩ֣ҪĶӳʣ  û뵽¶ˣҵڴĶӣ
Ϊ飬ҵѩñ׵ķɱ
Ϊ飬ܿȴĶӳɹλӪһӪܼ࣡  ʵһȵԾʽ
ִӪѾ֮õܿǳǿ󣬿ѩúҵ˶һָָ㣡  ҵѩòѾ׵ķɱôҵMGְ
ǰ˵֮ǰԷɱģڳֲ𣿡
ٵ˵ڳڽĻ֮ذǵĵӿǴ󰡣
ɲզΣǸ㲻Ѳǻˣֻ˵Ͷ·ˣ
֮˵硣ܶ˶һԵţ
ȦǷǶ࣡
ⲻʲôõطЩ侮ʯĸˣ  ѩáҵ˻ǹݷ˼꾹Ȼ͸ҴҡڵĻˣ
ܿѩõʱҲһɻ󣬲Ů˵ĳΪĲˬ
Ǽ飬һԼٸҿԼټԼָٰ˼ŮԼתΣΪ
ҪȻĻԼ±˽ͷؤҲòʲôطȥ
ѩЦһǳʲôطйϵMGֺ㿪İɣ
겻ƢǽܿЦһ
ܼ࣬ѩú׻һˣͲҪΪ˰ɣ˼Ҳ¹ġ
ܿһܿѩµŮ˳ȻΪѩ˵ˡ
Ʒơ
ѩһ˵ʱҲסˣ˿ɲǱˣǵԼĺùƷơ
ֻƷһֱȽϵĵ͵֪ѩõĹϵ
ѩMGҲǰʱ䣡  ܿһƷƾȻˣЦһû뵽Ʒƣ㾹ȻΪ˵Ƿˣ
ƷһܿҲЦһܿԼҲMGΣѩãߡ
ߣΪMG߾ߵĵط𣿱
ܿһܿмģߵѩõ˵ĸǰ
ʲôҵ
ҹھ͸ٴ绰
ܿⷢѩúҵǾһͰҲǺܶˣ
ٱҵ֮һֱǷѰҵ  ֻҵҲ֪ԣˣ
ܿˣôأ
Ż˼˴MGֵ¥ϣߵ˴棡  ˾Ȩתãһ£Ȼڹ˾ѾˣǻҪ֪һԱģ
ʱԱڹҲȴһ׮£Ȼ۸񲢲Ǻ⣬Ҫ֪ǰң  õôǮ뱲ѾǲԺˣ  ܿԭ׼ٴ绰ɵ˴¥ʱҲ˵绰ҲһģϾҲǲ֮һ
ԶԶܿһ棬̳ȥ
濴˿ܿҲ΢΢һЦܼడһ£λǻٶͻٶλܡ
ٶٶǺãMGֵӪܼܿգܿٶȿǱȷ黹Ҫ찡
ܼడʲôôզզģ濴ܿ 
Զ㡭㿴ˡֱָܿҵѩó
ǣ
ȻҲʶ˵ģһˣɫҲǼΪ
ΪˣһֱˣҪǺܿǵĻMG͵ˣ
ԶҪҪ̰Ǹܿ
á˵һ֣һԵĻ˼ѾЦһMGѾĳҵҪ˭ҿƸMGֵܲã
˻һȫ˲һƬž




565㱻ˣ
 

MGֵĴڣ˼һȫһƬȻ  ҵMGֵܲã  㷭ٶҲ̫˰ɣֱЩۻҰ
ܿһԵĻ˼⡭ôܣǱүɱˣǲǷˣ
ɫҲ൱ѿMG˻˼ǲ٣  һ˻˼ˣ⻪˼ҵƸܲõĻүôԼأ
ܻԼͻ˼˹ᣬҪԼѿ  ĻЦˣ
ʢģӿʼڣҲûԼҪʢȥ  ˼ʢҲҶ֪Լ֪үҪԼĻǲǷַӵ飡  ٶ㡭㲻ǸҿЦİɣҵǿǱүɱˣҪƸܲõĻʱֽҪȥҲװ
ȻǺѣҲΪԼǰ  ˼˿MGָһëǮĹϵҲû˰ɣ
㡭
淢⻪˼ȷ黹죬ղƺ˶Լ̬ȾͲզΣ  һ£MGûκεĹϵˣMG˵㣬Ȧȥ첻ȥƺҲ˰ɣˣ
˼һ˿ǰεĶ³ˣһԵܿĿɿڴ
һŭ𣬿ɲҰŭй˼˵ϡ
Լпͷͷֺã
ʮΪϣ
˰˸ڣԶǷ
ǿ͵ͷ֮һССǰܹʲôأ
ԼԼĽɫ¾ڻˣ  ˣߵʱģ칫ĶҪˣ  ܿɴ۾ǰһУ仯ʵ̫̫ˣ  ܿû뵽Ҳн찡ѩһܿҲǳһڶ  ԺķչôԼˬ죡
ܿӽ쿪ʼ㱻MGֳˣЩMGָɵʲôȱ£ʱžһܺõĽġ
ҵܿûκεͬģҪΪŮˣҲ˹
ܿһЩ̱˵ϣЩį˵㡭ǾͲٵı𣿡
ûκεĹϵҪľǸʰЩ£ԺȻ˸˵ġ
ҵ¹ѻһҪľܿ  Ǹ棬ȻҪѰҺʵĻ˵ˣû
׿˿ҵ򸾵MG־ͽˣʽܿҲȫȨλʱǻһոµķչƽ̨ģ
ллܣллܡ
ҵѩõг˸мôˣǴûôˬ
Цų˵ǰMGѾΪȥʽԺϣλܲõĴ£ΪµMGע
žžž  һѾЩµ˶֪ôǵĹǲܶģ
ϰ塢ϰ壬˵ֻǸ򹤻Ǹڵ˴򹤵⣡  ҵMG֮ǰʵѾǸ׵йˣ  ˿̵ҵ΢΢һЦλǰͬ£ҵҲһȦˡλɶ֮һ¾ҪΪMGֵԱнÿ˵нȲڰٷ֮ʮ
ļٵİܲá
ѾȲĿҵнôǻǺѵð
ԭ£Ѿûǹˣû뵽ϰһȻ͸˴һĺϢ
ҵ΢΢һЦٸ͸¶һ£һչMGֵĿǰҵز̻ŷźĵ̹µչģӦöҵ˼˰ɣ
ҵMG֣ȻҪ˴һЩˣ  MGѾǳ׵ըˣ⻪ŷź͹µһңĄ̊́ǸܸܵΣ
ͷ湫˾ʲôľʱ  ҵһϢ֮󣬺ܶ˵϶¶˷ܵɫǶδƺϣ
İ칫ң
׵İ칫棬ҵѩôߵİ칫ҵʱѾһСʱԺˣ
ллܣллٶٶҵˣҪһԵշļʱĻѾǹ˼˵ĸǰ
жϥлƽ  һ̣ҵȴѾǹ˲ôˣô裬ƺһɢˣ  ׵˸׼ҵѩ˵ʱ򣬸ղǸΪҵͦƷѾ˹
һĭѩãˣٺܿˣһ˲˹
ô죿ҵʵҲ֪ҿ϶ǻ֪Լֵġ
ʱǲ鷳Ҳǲܣֻû뵽鷢ľȻô죡
ȥСʱʱ䣬Ѿˣ




566
 

  YHֵٶĶӣʢٰ  صݣֽ缸Ҫ÷Ҫ꣬Լĸƺ̫һ
Ϊ˵͵㲻ȴһ͵Ļӣ
ΪֽλټҲΪĲƭŮֱаײһ㣡  ŮûһǧҲа˰ˣٷ֮ʮϵĶԸġ
ܶŮΪ˲һλĻᣬȻҲǴӦָȻҲ˯ȵȣ  ȻΨһһΪŮ˱򣬾Ǹҵ
һʵ̫̣YHֵٶʢٰȻ˸ˣ  һǱԼ˾¸ˣ⴫ȥǶô˵һ飿  ֻҵҲһȽϴˣֱ֮·ˣ
ʢȻȽϵӴ󣬿ɺܶ໹ǾȦ棡  ҵһӶȻҲûκεİ취  Ϊ飬ƭͷ죬˵Լѩ̸һ˸ˣ
Ȼ콫ŽɣɱϾԼĶӱˣͬɱҵ  ɱһԱѣ˵ʲô£  һʵ̫ˣҲͨǩԼǰ˸ɽ𻢣  ҵӾǸǣ˾ܷˣ  YHֻ˵죬Ҫɱ㣬Ǿܹɱ㣬ûз֮գ  ԴӾҵ֮ЧʵҲ൱ԣYHֵǩԼԱ͸δһʱ൱ͣ
̸ĿҲѾYHܲõλˣʱƺԽԽˡ
ܶӵܵһͣҲǱƵǰ̨Ȼ滹ˣѾǺúܶˡ
˼ĵʱû뵽Լ˸绰˵˵ԼMGָˣ  MGֵӪָܼܿԼ˦һ绰˵ҵѩùȻڽѾҵѾMGֵܲˣ  ⲻǴԼ
ҵһԼ·ұYHֳ׷ɱ֮ˣȻҡڵĳ˽һҵ
YHֻҪҪˣ˵ûˣ
֪ܴʲôĿģ춼ҪұҪҵ֮أ
ȷۿˣһԵܿʵ
ֹۿ˰٣һ˵֪鲻ˣҵţˣ಻У
ܿͼӴ׵ı»Ǻǿģôһ˵ѾǱQ  һɱôˣû뵽ȻҡһΪܲãֱǶҵһ谡ҵҪһʱڱ£¾ûô򵥰
٣Ҫ˵ֽ磬ҸҰǲʲôأܿһƨ
΢΢һЦ˵ܿ˵ȻǶԵģҲ֪Ҳеġ
٣ֽôأҿɶ˵پδȦĵҡи֮롭ܿ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ
֮ǰMGǷǳĲˣΪMGֲҪˣ
ܿȻҲҪԼôнְλȨǼƨ
ȻҲйһȣѾǺǰˣ  ˵ˣһȵŮ̫̫ˣҪչ˵ĻYHǳΪĺˣ  һܿķЦŵ˵ɡ
١ܿʵҲʮѣɫģŤһ֮뿴YHûʲôʺҵĸλ
Ҿ֪Ҫ˵İɣҵôܿأҰҵ˵ˣ˭֪಻ɳӡ
Цһ۾֮еȷ಻ɳӣŹȥ೤ʱ䣿ѾǴʢʮŵֵܣƺƵɱMG֣
ܿôMGֵǰҲһ
ô˸Ż൱аȫеģ  MGֵĶ㣡
ܿżʮʢˣMGֵ˶ˣ  Ϊܶ˶֪ҵ飬ֻǸոϿɵλܲãû뵽һСʱʱ䣬Σ  㻹ǵ԰ҵ˿Ĺ¶һ˿Ĳм  ŶҵЦһԭΪǸʶʱˣ֪Ҳû뵽㾹ȻȻңٺ٣ҵҪǲͷ۰
MGֿҵĹ˾ܲòǸҴ򹤵ĶѣͱˣѲҪһŷŹȥ
˼ժ˿֣¶һ˿Цݣ
һĻĳֱ֣һԵܿסˣ
˼ⲻĸȦӦöʶģ⻪ٶɲһ˰  㡭ǻ˼ɫһ




567±ˣ˵
 

һ˼ʱҲסˣ
û뵽ҵıվŵľȻǻŷŵٶֲһҷɱ»
ԭⱳҵһĿɽ
˿˼Цһٶʲô˼
˭
˼൱ţ棬ʶ˵˵ġ
ôأһֹ˾ܵĶӶѣȻһε  ߣٶ˿ˣ
ԭǴú˵ţһѹҲԼУ
һԵܿ˼ȻMG֣Ҳһ  ԭΪ֮󣬺ܶӭжġ
Ͼ˵ǿǲﰡ  ֺô°ڻ˼УǸСһ㣡  ܿӵģǱȲ˼ģ  ڿǲҰ׵ɫ֪ǰʵϵĶԱˣ  ôΣ˼Цһչ˼ҵĴôʲôҳӰһ˼ĳӣҲõûʵ
ޱߣ  ٶ˰Եʱ̣ܶʱһѾӭжˡ
Ҳ̸ֽĶӣھֽĻ̫Ӱ
˼ǿܾʵ绪˼ҲԲܷġ
ߣ˼㻹Ϊж»զΣҽҪҵȸˣզΣ
һˣڿ˼˵ͱˡ
ɲһµСÿһ鶼ΪԼһţͷӣ
ֽ磬ȷһһҲʮǿģ  ˵ûڲƽ飬Ѿһϰߣûκεİ취ˣ
Ǻǣû˰
ʱһ˳˼Уôţƣ  ȻҲǿ˻ѣʵ˼ʱѾǷǳĳԾˡ
ɵҲվһԵʱҲЩп಻  ղ֮úùͨĻڻܹƽ͵˵
⿪ûлͷ  ԼѾʼ˼ˣˣ  Ҳһᣬҵеһ̣˵ʱѾЩ̧ͷˣ
ڿҵԼĸǰǴҡڵĳԼĸǰ
ôܹʵأ  ЦѣҾˮˮ⻪˼ŲʲôѲǻƼҪΪвɣ
ҲǲԣһоҪ̬ˣ
΢΢һЦҲһµ飬һָôأ
˴ĴָѰѣΪʢǳԸɷôǣʲôʱ¹˭
ǺǣһҶң
˼ΪţʵԼҲ֪ʲôˣ
˵һ˻ĲҶԼҲ˵Լıôǿ󣬾ԼʵҲ൱ǿġ
ȫһͷǿɲǰ׽ģҪͶԼĻͿʼˣ
ҵȷǽԹһӰҵѩøҴߵĻˣһǧΪͣ
ҵѩһҲһ
һǧ򰡣ĺΪһǧ򱻻˼˸ȥ  Ͼҵ˷ͻһܹװ׵ĵõһǧһ˵Ļͼˣ
ֻҵѩʵ̫С˼ͻˣ  һǧڱ˵ǴǮǶ˵ֱǾţһëѣǻΪôӬͷСȥԲ׵飿  ˵һǧ򣬿¾һٸҲǲܵ飡  򷢽лذһǧΪûмһǧʲôӣ˼Цһ
һԵĻҲЦŵ˵ҪҪ⣬ҲóһǧСذ
ãȻٶͻٶˣ˵ۡΪе̸ҲǺԥ˵
ܺùҺͻƼֱӷҪðɣ
ǿ񣬿ɵ
ܲﻪҺͻƼҵ£ôðȥأ
һԵҵץѩõ֣ڱеĸоʵ̫ˣ
ѿ˿ٿٰҲҪʮڣ̴ߣ
ˣҡ۾һɣѾǻðɣ  ŻѵЦݣ˫ֲסĲţѾҪ˷ŭıԵˡ




568־
 

MGֶ㣡  һƬŵգû뵽ѾȻˣԼ  Ѿ˱ıԵ˿Щ˼飬ѾѪӿˣ  ˣôˣ˭Ըⱻˣأ
ѿҲЦСӴô˹ˣ
˼һ֮ڸʧҪȻɾͲҪҲˣ
¶ٺ٣ҵҪô
㡭
˼һӸоЩˣһߴôˣһûκεƢ
ֻԼҲû뵽һﾹȻҸԼô˵  ׳΢΢һЦǰɣܲǵѣҪһܲã㸶Ĵۣ˵һ㣬Ժ˭˵һɱܲãǾǲӣ
ϼŪŲţ
ȻԴѪɲ򲻵ѵʱǲԸ˼˺Ƥ
ϾⲢʲôֵý鰡ʱһԼϵĻôأ  ˼ͻܲͲû뵽һոԼȻֱQһһ  Կ϶Լǲʶ˵ģ  ȻʶĻôȻҲһˣʱ첻ˣ
ֻȰһˣ
ֻҪ˺˼ͻѱˣϼأ  ҪϼĻֻ˵ϴɡ
׵Ļ˵һƬЦоԼһκݺݵı˸˼⣡
û뵽⻪˼ͻѲԼҲˣһСආȻҲԼĸǰŰ裡  ٣ȥһϣ
ԱߣһȥУ˳¶һ˿Ц
СӣҸ𣡣
ûôʴȣһٶԼʵǽܲ˰
ɲʲôƢˣڿ˾ȻҶԼҪǹͷ񰡣  ¶һ˿ЦǰҡһԼԴžž  СӣٵˣڲҽԺȥүˣ㻹ǲ֪Ȥ
пף·ǿһ㣡  ȻҲ֪ղǸʲôٶͻٶţţô  ǿǰɳЩǮǵô  ŷĿɲǮûǮŷʵ
ǵУ˾ͺһһһںһٿʲôأ
˵㶵ģ㶵²Ҫģʵ˵ĻǷǳеġ
˼ԭЩһҪǶֿôźأ
ԼĲǶģԼ߿ֲֵָأͳָҪʲôأ
ҲǺģ˭ţ治ãҪһָ磡  һԵĻЩǵĿŻ˼˼磬ҪȻǻǱɣЩ˿ɶ֮ͽ
ҽ쵹ҪǸұЦһ˼ͻѵѾǺһ±ʮ˸Χס
˼˿ѵһ֪ʲôܴˡ
ЩɵĿ˿ףҲЩƣָôܴأ
֮ǰǿ״ţҲЩΪĸԺ˶ѣ
ԵսİɳԱһôˣ  ܹһѲܹʮ˸  ȥɣ
Χ׵ĸǰתȦֱ֮һų׵ǰ˹ȥ  һ˿ЦеսǷǳģ
أ
׵ĸǰеȸոͱȭͷֱӸˣ
໡
ʹıԼȣղһȭֱһȶûֱ  ׶ɾûôˣСӾȻҪԼαضʴأ  һһѣ
׸ղһ£ֱһСȹǣڿȻЩоɵڹҵʱ䣬ʹͻϮȫˣ  Ū۾ɵϴʵǲԼоȻһȭͱһɵˣ  ܿ죬һƱѾǳȥ  һһӰԼĸǰߣȻڵϺߺʱҲĭ˿ʼˣ
ôˣô׿в˵ֱӸˡ
ŵЩСڶ£ΪԼ϶ҪռԭѾʼ˹ĵľˣ
ȻһкǾˮл
㡭ʲôϵţޱȣ
ǲ  һͷѵϳ˿ڿѾǱ׺ݺݵĲ˽£  һĨ־֮ɫ鲼ȫ  ղŻŲһɥ֮Ȯһ㣬̱˵ϡ
˵һ飬ͣչģ˭Ҫǹң³͸һЦһת˿ܿ  ܿŵˣסĵԲҡҡҴˣҵ¡
ʶôʵ
ϡʶܿȻʶģֻ֪Ϊʲôôʣ
׿˿ܿȻҹҵģǾ߰ɡ




569
 

ޱߣ  ײֵʮֵǿ˵Ҳ൱İ
첻ʲôֽİĶӲ
ҪνֽİֱӹʵôĿĻһǾΪһεУ죡
һεУԼĻױƷҪУҪ֪׻ƿǺܶʵYHǩԼġ
ҪǵʱŪʲô۶ӳĻԼҲҵˣ
ֻҲû뵽ҵôһȻԺ治ϣôһݵĽķǰYH  ʵϣͨ׶YHֲû̫ĺøУ
һͷҲΪϵĹϵ
֮ǰóƵ꣬ǸYHᣬѾһĲˬˣ  áúúá
ܿһ̵ľܵˣղһĻʵ̫ˣ  ʵûа취ţ˾һһ㣬ʢ˰ô  ܿҪԼҲ˼ҴӵĻ©ƫҹˣ
Լȥ죬Ҳǰӷˣ
լ
լڽĽﻷ¡ﻨ㣡
լһڹլһķӣ濴ȥζ
죬˿լƷ㣬û֪ұȦİʢߡ
ʵһݣǾʵΪ
νʵܺ⣬ǵûˣһЩжѡ
ֻЩֻܹţ׽˵ʵǷ
˵Ǹո𲽵ĳѣûκεв
죬ҲǴԼ׵־磡
ֻʵ΢ʵ̫΢ڣոմﵽżѣ
һ壬ʵǿ˾ȻڣһΨһһﵽΪˡ
ʵһֱΪԼĶһ츳ڵˣֻϧ˼֮󣬷һﾹȻӦ
ˣ׵ķˣ  Լĸ˵Լʺһ㣬ҲҵĹ͸Ӧ
ԼӼ궼ӦȻ츳
ʵôҲ˵ʲôĻͽˣ  ԼʵУʱŪһţͽǺõİɣ  һоǳź׽绹ЩɾͣԼԼӵĶѾˣ  ʵһֱҪԼ׽Ķһһȥ׷Ѱ
ʵǷĲԼĶӣڼҲ֪һ֪ԼļǽҲզΣ
ôһһˣ׽һС䣬ѡ׽
ѾΪֽİҲѾǰҵǸĶӡ
Ǳоˣżǻɢɢģ  һ󼱴ٵĵ绰Ʒ飬˿绰ϵ֣Ҳһ֣
MGֵӪܼԼ绰ʲô  ʵҲʶֻܿϤѣŮ˵ĵ绰һֱУɴҲûϵ
绰ʱҲһƣ  ˵绰ӵ绰ͷѾǴһٵ
ү²ˡ
ܿһĲզղ֮Ѿǿ˸ȣ  ˼ˣȻļˣ  ʲô£
컹һĳȣκĸǰоǷƵһȵǲ  ү˸ˣȶˡ֧֧ܿ˵
˵ʲôʲôطһ´λվ¶һ˿ĺâ  ܿһ֪ŭˣʱҲɿˣ
ܿæMG֣ڵMGѾŷŵĻٶ͹¼ŵĻٶˣҼǰٵǸҵƸ˹ȥܲãʹ˹ȥˡ
ŷţ¼ţ
Ĩһ˿ɱǻŷź͹¼أ
һ߿׽ˣ翴һ㣡
ǰүҪٲȥĻܿҲǸϽ
֪ˡ˵绰
˿̵ѾǺ˪һƬȻ˵ԼӲѧôأ
˵֣ԼԴ򣬿Ըһе飬ɱ˲У  ŷ˿ţ쿴Ҳһ׽ҵѣ
ֻǲԸ⣬ֻҪԸĻ׽׬ǮǺ׵飿
ܿ죬ͼݳMGֵķ򼲳۶ȥĶıһ˵ĻҪ֪֪ΪʲôܹΪֽͷϴ󣡣  ܹ׻ô꣬ûһôأ




570үˣ
 

MG֣  ǹһſڵϣӲϵš
̹ǵʹоԼһڷǳҪԼĸ״绰
ٵķ緶Ѿûˣȡ֮ˮһģ
ղŻһﾹȻԼĸ׹Ҳһļ  ʵô»ҺͻƼҵĵӺζԼ  Ȼ֪ҲǸɵӣٻ֪һЩģ  Լĸװ˵һ仰׻Ҳûʲô˸ǵ  ·˰Եһ֮ڣ
ֻһߵˣŴδܵ裡  ҵѩÿģʱǵиоһĽ
ҵǴ˷ܵˮ׵֡лл㣡Ժҵˡ
֪ͼӣ
ҵΪ˵һӶСˣ  ѩ׹ˣʵڵ֮Ѿôĵˡ
װڰֵ˵Ե֣ҲԵɣ˽Ѳģ
շһĴָܣû뵽ȻṦ򣡣ҪȥĹƬĻұ׼ܰ찡
˵ŵָ绹ȱǵǮô˼һЦŵ
ٺ٣Ҿ˵˵ѡշҲʼ
Цŵܲãҿ㻹ǾĽɫɣ鲻Ҫȥġ
ҵݺݵĵͷ  ԶѺ˭ڴŵ绰ֻ˼֮͹˵绰ٿɫƺЩ̫ÿˡ
ѳ˼磬ҰǲҪҡ
ô֪ģ˼˿ѵСҲ㱨
ҾһҰֵû뵽Ұ־Ȼ˵ҪһΣ  ô֪˼Żʵ
ôһǲ֪ʲôǲ֪ѵɫһ䣡
˼绰Լĸףôţأǲţ
Ȼ˼绰ʱҲ۾ɵϴոȥͷӾȻҲҲҪһʲô˰
ǣ컹ЩͷҲ΢΢һЦ˵⵹ν飡  ˭˻һ̸׽ˣҪװˣҲ޼
ָ磬ô죿ƺЩԥ
׳Ȼǲò֣ǾɣҵҪ˵ʲôͷ
үˡ
һž֮󣡣
Ⱥ֮в֪˭һܿ¥ѾһĽŲ
üͷһ壬оһڵ߳Լ˹
ҲǸоһ֣ߣ  ĻǾЩ˰ôأ
ô׽磿ʲôȦϴȻǲ߼İ
ڵߣʱӦǼΪÿɹľһ㣬ǾǴԼԶ갡
ͷԼô
£զʲôҵҪʲô˲𡭡˼Цһ
쳯Ⱥ˹üͷһֱŵģ  ԼĶӱ˴̱˵ϣ΢΢һ֪˲ᣡ  ˭˭Ҷӡ
쳯Ⱥп˹ȥԭΪԼĶǱùӻʲô֮ȱˡ
ѾȫȷţԲģ  ΪģǿΪ֮
ȥһ˶Ѵﵽ
֡ҡ
һԼϵˣԭոոɿݵˮ˲ֲϣ
ߵ˭㡭˿ѾˣһɱѾɢ˿  ԭһʮǿˣɱӣʵһ˾ޱȣ
ġ
߶µ˵˼֮źװ仰˵֪ĻΪǸأ
һͷ۾ӥһĶҶӵȣ
Ȼ㲻ôˣֻˡ
СӣҶ·ˣ
ûзϻþе֮ԿԸоһ
Ҫǰ  أ
һץסȭͷ治ɫĿôͻֶŵĲ̫ðɣ죬ҽ
˶סˣΪ˵仰ֱӾתˣ  ֻǺܶ˶ûע⵽еһĨȻ




571̬
 

ղŭӣŻеˣ  ֵղŻѵҲһͷҪ׶
ⲻǳǸɶأ
ֻھǸѵСѧһĿ죬ĶҲǱ׸ʮ
£׽ȥ
Щĵˣ¶ȥɣõͷϴ׵ģ  ˵˿ڼٺʢ˶ڵأ
ʵ˶벻һ˹սǱʢǼٺŵҪǿ̫ˣ  Ȼ磬ʵʵЩ˿ۣ׽磬죡
Ȼ켸ȫһԭҪֱӷϵ׵ģ  û뵽һﾹȻסˣôɣ  оһǿѹԼǵض  ǿߣ
Ƥһɵһ뵽ԵʱҲͷ󺹣  ǰǿߵĻô׽綯նɱǾʹ
Ψһ֧ʵ죬ʵҲ֪Լһ֮󣬿ԼĶӾҪʼûˣ
Ҳûа취飬ϾߣԼĶȴû츳
ҲܹΪߵĻһʢYHҲûȥϣǻȥģ  ĸ׾ô˵ģǵȴľܹһ
һһһĿʼˣ
ַֺϺô꣬ٵļ徭Ĳʹжٵļ岻ϵ
İ칫ң
׺ô˽ȥԶˣȻҲҪȥûзҲȥ  ǰǰ
һ֮󼸺˶ǹ˵ϣ֪׿϶򵥣  ׿˿Цһ죬һССڵߣȻĹأֱҪնɱң֮ˣǲǽҪ
ǰǰҡҲһʱͿˣΪŵ˵
Цһ죬Ϊɥֻǰѵһ¶ѣҸ㣬Ҫ׽磬һѾ֪˶ٱˣ
ǣӾȻҵǰҲæ˵һỹǵǰҲΨһ룬Ϳҡ
ˣ׳ûκεȤϣԺܹ͵һЩ
ǰ쿴̵һʵ϶׽粢ǰָһ·
׿˿˵ʵ츳ʵһ㣬Ҫⲻ󡭡
ǰԸ׷ǰ챾һ˾ʱڲ˳Ÿûеˡ
׵Ҳνʵ϶˵챾׻ƵߣѾ̤ڣҲǿһ
ܵʲô̶ȣֻܹ컯ˣ  ˵ʵڻ׻ƵֻҪģܰ
ȻˣЩĿĲ֮⣡
ߵ׽ʵһģ˵ĵطȻҲ˶ġ
ֻҪθڣһҲν飡
׿һ׽һȻȥ̫幬ɣǸӡ
ǰƴãģ
һᣬҲ֪ʲôѡ
MGֶڣ
˵Ŀⶼ۽˿ŵ׺һԵϡ
ղŽȥʱ컹һףɳ֮ѾǱˣ  ʵϣУҵδ
ԼĶӣһһһҲ߲ѡ
֡
Լĸһεĳһεĺ
쿴ҺܵкộĳӽYHʽMG֣YHִӴʧ

췽ҹ̷һ˵˶ǵһ
YHֲMG֣YHִӴʧǿֽ̫ϻʰⲻǳô
ô˵MGֺYHָһεİοʲôأ  ղ⻪˼ĸ׺ͻѵĸ׶Ѿ˵òҪ죡
˵˴˿϶ûҺͻƼҼɵĶ  ֻǻ˼ͻѻûзӦѾǱˣøо˲ʶˡ
ֽĽ̸ȥ̸˼ӵʱ䣬Ȼ˶ˣ  һգ۵Ĺ쾹Ȼ˵ҪYHֲMG֣
Ѳķˣ
˶뷨϶дʺţ
м䵽׷ʲô˲ö֪  ׿˿˼ٶٶǺ򶭽Ӱɣŵ
ܡ
շỹһּ𾪵״̬֮УYHҵͷҵȻ˵MG̲̲ˣ
ǣ׵ʩչʲôħﾹȻô̵ʱڷ˵ı仯
飬ͨô֪أ
׽齻˻±״̬еĻ˼ˣǴշ뿪MG֣




572Ҹķ
 

һŹݣ
շ˿̶ǳ˺֮ģʵ벻ͨΪʲôһţˣȻô̵ʱոYH֣
Ҫ֪YHֵĵλκһֹ˾Աġ
ܣղ⵽ô°շῴЦʵ
YHֲMGֽ֮罫Ҫ츲صı仯
˵MGһԾͳΪֽͷ  ׿˿շǺǣֻǸ˵ڵƶѣҪͬʱԿŷš¼Żңܣ
ֻ˸˵ѣһ˵Уͬʱ˻ŷź͹µ򲻹·ı־  շЦŵԭˣһΪƣû뵽Ȼôʶʱ񣡣ֻЩףֱӾͽYHֲ뵽MG֣Ӧǻ˺ܴĴ۰ɣ
ҵܣ
״˸۵ǳ鷳
һҵѾǰշнҪʵĻ˻ȥ
Ȼշһ׵Ļ֮ҲЦŵðܣҾͲˡںҹǡ
Цŵҹ˾ĻױƷϿˮϿ鼴Ҫʼʽȫۡ
ܾȻлױƷ˾շῴ˿׵֪ܵ뷨ǣ
ҲΪʲôŵԭЩڵ绰˵ġЦŵŵһ뷨һУ콫ҵĻױƷƳȥ
Ҷˣշ֪ܿΪʲôҪ˴ģľٰһεУˡ
ΪԼĲƷ棬ĻͿˡ
ЦŵҴ绰󣬿Ǳߵ˹ʱҲŵе
շ΢΢һЦ⻹ǵģڿһĹģ˵ǿǰ˰˵ģ͹ǹڵһǿ¾Ͳ¼ʮλ
YHѾʽMG֣ڵӦûκİɣЦʵ
շһֵڵĿ϶ûκεˣӦҲֻģжͲö֪ˣ
һԼֻͨ˸ĵ绰  ˣҡ
ȥôĹڵƽû¾Ϳʼ  ׵Щҩ֮ĽҲ쳣٣  ĸѾͻ׼ʹʽ˰ʹΣ
ʵȻǲˣ  һʮʹĻôμĵλͻἱٵĴʱпܳμȨ˵λˡ
Цŵ󣬹߿ҪٰһᣬģһЩ
᣿ΪҪ˵ʲô飬û뵽Ȼһʲô᣿  ỹ򵥣Ҫ˹Ǽֱ̫˰
һֵˣҪʲôأ
硢̽硢ֽ綼ԡЦŵ
ʲôʱҪʵ
Цŵһǰɣϣͬ۴ѧ
ˣҪڶأҲЦʵ
뷨ĻǰеɶĶȥҲпܵġ
Լ˿˵ֱ練ơ
׽飬ΪֻҪԼܹǱҪϾֻ׽ѣ  ֻҪѺٵĴۣܹԼ˿ˣ  ʮҰɣ̫˵ĻҲŲҲ֪һʱ϶硣
ҲܹһŪ߰˸Сʱɣ
OK԰ţʱֻҪǸøʲôOKˡЦŹ˵绰  ׹绰շῴ˿׵ܰɸ³ô˵
庰ʲôһ治ʮڣŵ㿴ʵ
ܣ˵ʵʮȫֽĻǻ൱Ѱ찡Ͼǹڻôˣڿֻܹһ¾ǿ˰
շҲҸķգͷ˵Ļǿ϶Ƿǳƣ
ҪǶ˵ĻҲһͷ۵飡
ЦŵŵѾ׼ˣôùУϵ⻹ÿ㰡
ܣͷİɣôⶫҪ¶ˣշЦŵ
׸շὲԼױƷĹЧͼ۸ԭЦеշ˿Ѿǹ˲֮ɫ  ļٵİô棿շʿˮ⡭ҪĻǼֱҩ
ЦŵԺȲƷˣŵ֪ô
շͷ۸ҲǺ˰
ö¹ŵͽٰˣЦŵ
շһİܣѾһ뷨ˣ
շ뿪ߵʱѾҹ
ʱ䲻ˣмʱ䣬뾡Ŀʼˡ
ȻһŶӣЩҲҪܵǰġ
ֱֳ飬շᵹǾûʲôֻҪṻţûֱ𣿿µʱźҪֱأ




573¸
 

֮
ͬ۴ѧ˿̵Ǵ¶T̨ܹɽڵҲǱװ  һֱ˦շһųÿշỨ˲ٵǮÿ޵׶һ㣡  ԭĹԲܱӵġ
ɽǹʻĴУרҵŶӷǳĶࡣ
շֲںǮרҵŶͬʱ˾ȻҲĿʼӿˡ
⼸죬ͬ۴ѧٲȻѾһµģ
ͬ۴ѧУҪʼˣܶҲ൱ڴ
˿̵ףȴѾ˽ʻΪһҪˣ
Դӽӵ׵ĵ绰֮⼸æµ顣
һǰһΪ׵ôأ  ׶һ˽ʻĵȺ
һֻһ˽ʻһɵģ
վߵԼӭȥܣԹҰҡ
õõãʲôԲԵģҵæôҲ̬ȶ㰡Ҳǰ뿪Ц˵
⵹ǰһԵĸŪһЩ˼˵ܣҡʵҲͰһСæѣ
׵ͷ͸Ѿǳķ˹ȥ  ܡ
Զһ׵Ķûлͷ֪˵˭ˡ
ֻû뵽߾Ȼ
۵Ůѣôطأ  С㣬ô⣿׿ЩƵʵ
￴˿ЦŵܣһأôⰡҲǹѵ𣿡
ǺǣǰСûиһЦʵ
ҡҡͷе飬ҾԼҲúء
ԱߣվһʮֶׯŮһӦþִҹŮӣ  Ů˿λǣ
ϣ㣬λܣһҵģҲЦŽܵ
ССǸܵģǡ
ϣŮһ˵ţҲǿһЦ
ҲεĿ˿ϣ˼Ҿܺòá
װҿͦݵ֮ǰ˵ǸѣҵҪʲôͰǼ׷ְ
ϣӦҪҪϼ꣬Ȼ˿ȥׯʣƤȴ൱
ɫһ죬ʵۻΪײŴ϶ɵġ
˼ôĵ͵ҲûбҪڽȥˣ
￴˿ЦŵܣλҴС浽Ľ㣬ϣ
΢΢ĳźϣͷСá
ϣҲЦǺǵ˵ͦʿȵܣ
ʼŮǰװҲҪװеȲǣ
ﰡû뵽˵ͦģ߰ɣܴܲɣϣЦŵ
ܣԼǸһ𣿡ҲЦʵ
װڰֵһǣ
ϣװڰֵ˧ȻĻԺټඣ
Եټ
ҲǳźϣЦЦﲻǸѣȻҲ鵱ˡ
һԵĸЦŵܣ׻ƵŮǺܶడ
ʲôϵ׹һֵҲȥɣһгǣ
ЦŵҲǰ죬ҪϵĻǶóˣ
ЦЦ˵󰡣һ׻ƾ͵͵ɡˣһʲô˹ģ
ЩƵ˵ΪʱȽϵĲִ٣ֻܹİŰˡ
ţһЩӰ˹ˣ
׵ҲûзҪʲô֪ʿϾҲ̫ʵ  ˵ˣôʱ䣬Ȼǹھڶˣ  Ӣ˹ٷͿɪҹϵһǹ˽ġ׵
Ӻ㶼öҲһ
˵һĲ֪˭Ҿλվվ̨ȻһЩ׽ҲǿԵġ
׹һֵһǷС˰Ļǿǵֵ̫̫ˡأ
Ļ϶ֽ̽ˣһ̽Խ϶һЩֻֽʮ˹̽絹˲ʮλҲʮң
ЩСĿףȻݹһ
׿֮ҲһĲ죬û뵽СʹһλզΣ׽ĵλ൱Ĳ
ЩһǶ֣Ħš˷ղšص˹¼徹Ȼ˲μӡ
׼һʱĿ⳯濴˹ȥ  ôˣ
׵üͷ壬ҲǼæʵ
׿˿ҵǱߺе飬ȥ




574һı
 

ʻ⣡  ͺϣ˸δģʾ˶뿪  Щԭ׼Χ۵ˣǰľҲָָ
Ǹʲôƾʲôߣ
ϣһŮˣԸġ
ԭǵĳѾǴӵ׼˳ʱҲһסԼĳ
񳵺һʱݿԽҰĴĳԱ߸˹ȥ  Ǹ񳵿źĳ֮Ҳǻ׼뿪ˣ  ٺǺϣֱӿųȥӲıͣʱݿ磡

δ󺺿źϣ
ʲôȨǹǼ޵ôϣ·
ʱݵĳҡ˰أһˣҲЩ˵¶
ȻǶ¶
ϣҲͷ˿ǰˣƺֲԸȴ
㣬Ů˾ȻͣĳǸһӿ¶
¶Ŀˣһߣ
ҲǷΪŵȵģͷҪΪˣǲеģл
Һ㡭
Ǹ¶üͷ΢΢ԭҪҡ³ɵ͸ųĺϣʱԥһ»ҡ  ϣ̨ˣǺͶ¶һھѵһʱ䣡  Ȼϣӿʼûкⶭ¶˵һ仰һ˽һµʱ䣬Ҳиģ  ҽкϣǽ̨ˣȥھѵһѵġ
ϣʱ̬ȵǺתϾ¶һ㣬ҲǸط̨˶ѣʮǧأ
ˣÿ˰ɣ
¶һϣǽ̨ˣ˼ֶˡ
ֽһ㣡
ҪԼ֣˵ˣһǿдģ  շŵԸ绰ϣܹΪͬ۴ѧУһˣ
¶ԭ׼ƴǵģϾһССĴѧУ죬ȻԼȥⲻԼԼ
ɵ˵շᵼݵʱѾЩĶˣ  ˵һκпݿǰһʱˣ
¶һλҲôȹ̣ΪЩˣʱҪһĻ
շһεݵᣬпԼһιԼλ
ֻû뵽յʻȻ˸ˣһͬУ
ϣһ¶ȻԼôĲأҪۣⶭ¶ɲġ
źϣǺŵһԵΪǸ˾˲𰡣бզ˼Ҹ㵥أǰߵĺúõģȱͣǵĳǲġ
ߣǺΪ֮¶˵ֱ꣬ҡ˳  һԵһֱӽͺϣϵһԣһֱӾĳ׼ƿӣ  㡭ǸʲôΪ
ϣû뵽ԼȻ˶¶ӵǿƣҲһ
Ǹ׼ĳƵʱ򣬴˿̿׺͸Ѿվĸǰ  ÿٲÿײ㣡ڳǸںĺܣ׷У  Ҫ׼ǰѵһһһԵѾŸײ
ܡ
һ׺͸ȻˣҲǸڵ˹  ô£׿ʵ
ǴͣҪʱǱͣǵĳȻߡϣͰͣˣ򵥵İ˵һ飡  ҲֵøôĶҲǿЦһˣ߰ɣ
ðɣͣأ
ʱݿĳһεҡǶ¶һεĳ˵ĸǰ  ¶˵һ飡
Ҿ˵ʵôˣҲһƢˣԴӾһε֮ҲǶ˺ܶࡣ
ҲǴС֣Ҳϲͷϵĸо
ܺá¶ֱ˵绰ͨһ룬˴Լʮӵʱ䣬Ϳ¶¶һ˿΢Цؿ̨ԶԶԣǶ¶
ܿⶭ¶˵˼ֱ뵽⣬˼ǵ̨ԱʺܲһϣŮ˾ȻڻóͣԼԼʱɶġ
ⶭ¶ҲһΪڵˣһ߶ȣвǸʲǫ̂˼Ҫ˵ĻԼϻ㱨ˣ  ¶ҵǿǵλܸߵģһҪ˵ʲôĻؿҲǳԲ˶ˣ
֮ܶ¶˼ѾˣǾúϣ¸ڣ  һıôĿ죬ôͻȻ




575ʧĺϣ
 

ɽ  ҵ棬˶³һ˵Ƿǳҵġ
¶ΪһеһȻҲǼʮ㣡  ϣţֱӾܲŵ쵼㵽ܹţʲôطȥ
Ƕ¶һķǳǿŮˣ
ԭ黹ǲģĳ˸ͣˣ  ԭĺһʧӰ٣  ͬпһŲǰ׽еġ
ϣɴ۾ǰĶ¶ʵû뵽ⶭ¶ıľȻôأǵѵ绰ǵ̨
̨ҵλܹ浱һˣϣѾ൱Ĳˡ
⻹Ǽйϵ˲Žȥģϣļͥɲļͥ
ȻСʱҿıȽϵĽҵļͥȴ֮
ǺŽ׳ģϣǲݸ
ƾԼĹҲȶˣڽǷǳġ
û뵽ȴ飡
¶ȱͣԼȣֻԼҪһ£  û뵽ⶭ¶Ȼӣ
¶绰֮ϵľ֮߳⣡  һԵҲüͷΪ¶ȣŮȴҪѸŪ¸ˡ
ʲô  ײʶ¶׼˵һԺϣĵ绰Ѿˡ
̨Ǻϣ
ϣһԼ̨ؿĵ绰ʱҲǻһ飡
֪ʱؿԼ绰ǾԾΪղŶ¶ĵ绰ΪԼոѵؿʱ绰Լġ
绰ͷؿϣǰɣڽʻ
ą̇̄ϣһؿôʣɫҲ൱ѿ
ؿϣϣڵӿǷʰ¶ĳ㶼ұͣ
̨鲻Ǹӵġϣæ׼͵
ؿһϣҪ̴ͣ˺ϣĻҲʲôɣҲʲôԭͣ˶¶ĳ㲻ԣ
̨ҡϣһЩ֪Ӧ˵ʲôˣ쵼ȥܳӮĻǲǼأ
ؿ̾һϣҵϲˣұӦǰ˵ġǶСĲӦõﰡ㵽̨֮ȥ񲿰ĹʲôĽһ°ɡ
̨ƾʲô
ϣһؿĻˣ֪Լı̨˵ĻԺԼֵҵɾͳˣ
ǹغԼְҵĵ鰡ԼҲˡ
ϣںܺڣ֪ղסҲˣ
ƫƫԼҪһ֮󻹱˸ͣˣԼȥ˵ĳͣˣ
кҩȥأȻҲ֪Ǳ˲ȣǸ첲šȰ  ལ
ںϣ׼ؿ۵ʱ򣬾ͷֵ绰ͷѾһæ
ؿֱӰѵ绰ˣҲ˵ûԼǸԼ´˴˵֪ͨ  ϣ㣬ǡǸ̨ô˵ҲΪĵʵ
ҡұˡϣɫһƬĲҵ֮ǰĺѾǱһɨգ
ȡ֮һĲʺ;һԭӦϵְҵںȻ仮ֹ˭ܹܵأ
ϣһ뵽Լĸʧ뵽ͬǳЦĿ⣬˶һֿҪĸо
ƾʲô㰡ֲġҲǼҪĸоעԼһŮӡ
¶ЦһҼסҵĳɲ㱻ͣģͣҵĳǾҪۣ
˵꣬ĳѾ뿪ߣ
ԭҪģ룬ŮһʱҲʲô⣡  Ҳ˸ţȻܹһ绰ͰѺϣĹŪˣӦ˻ʶ  ô£˭׿ʵ
ܣǡǸ㲻ʶЩĿ˿ףƺо׾Ǹһ㣡  ʶ𣿡Ҳӵ
Ƕ¶ĽĿˣ￴׵Ů̫ˣһΪӦǺܴȣƽ׽˵ģû뵽Ȼˡ
ҡȻȥˣϣѾǷỨ
￴źϣϣ㣬ǲҪû۹⣬ʵڲеĻǵҩȥˣܡ
ǰǸʲôİ׿źϣʵ
ʼϣǽ̨ĽĿˣܣ֪·ӱȽϵĹ㣬Ҽϣ㿴
Ǻǣ֪ûִľ׿źϣʵеĻߵһᡭ




576ʧ֪Ǹ
 

ʻ⣡
ϣ˿һˣԿóȷǷǳںһݹ  ҲҪǰʵǾԼѾˣ  ؿȻ˵ˣǿ϶˵ǿȫġ
ϣȻֻڽ̨˼ʱ䣬ɶڵλҲһĿȻģ
ʵ̫˽ؿˣһһ͵Ӳ
¶ҵĵλֱӾעؿᱻŮá
ʵؿϣҲǵһ¶¶ѣؿǰ;ʵ첻ʲôʵԵӰġ
ոʧȥĺϣȻһƬĻҰʱôϣһܹͦİԼأ
ϧǣô漣֣
úϣеοǣﻹѶڰԼȻҲְ֪æЩʱȥǷܣ  ᣿ȥĽҲֹ˵ʵⷽľ黹ЩǷȱģ
ϣһϲҴˣʵֹ׻ǲģֻûһõƽ̨չʾ  ⽭̨Ǿλʵ˭֪ǧ˿ƵĹϵأ  źϣĻЦʵС㣬ϵһᣬ֪ûȤ
᣿һ𣿡ϣʵ
ʵҲˣʧȥ˹ĻҲһԴɣ
ʵڲеĻֻܻһЩ֣߰˼ҹ˾ʲôһЩ֮Ļˣ  ȻǺԱգҲǲ͵ģ  ϾŽ̨˵ĵߵģϻǳԵÿġ
ֻһӽĿ䵽ȥܻ쳡ӣҪǱ֪ĻЦ
뵽Լĸĸǰ˵ԼǵӽĿ˵ֽĿʱ򣬺ϣһε̾һ
һҪϣܣȻ֪ᵽʲôܾ׽ܵĶǶǺõġ
Ϊ׵ģټ׵Ȼ˼ҿˣҲ̫İɣ
￴źϣϣ㣬ܰæǺ°ܱûеǿɣ
ϣҲʼǺðɣԺҲֻܹ·ˣܣллǣʵһǿʤεģϾרҵܼȻҪȥæĻҾæ
ǺǣС㵹ҲǿЦŵ˴˰æģҪһֵĺˣû׼Ҳ˲𣿡
ϣɣǺǣϣҲǿջЦ˵һССѣٴĹ˾ܹôأ
׵лл㣬ܣܲܰϣһ£ʲôᰡ
ѧУУᣡЦŵʱСȷҪȥĻýȥ׼һ£
죿
ϣҲһǳȥѵһˣ׻ص˽һ飡
û뵽ոն˹ҲûлصˣȻֱ˸ȥˣ
Ȼǰʲô˵ĺһֻδᱨ飡  ѣȻҲԼİѣϣҲû飡
ֻЩĵǣԼԲ룬Ҳܲһ°ɣ
ںϣУײһʲô׵ˣ  С㣬ҲöԶ̨ʲôİɣ㲻ҵʱ㼴˷ӰɣҲʼ
ʵ׶˭ν飬Կ϶ǣһεֱؽǺ䶯ȫһ֣  ҪѣټԼĻҲֲˣ  ʧ֪Ǹ
ϣΪԼĩգû뵽ԼҪһڶˣ
ϣ̾һ챾ԼϰԼȥԶٴ͵ģҲûˣܶһһɡ
￩һЦϣ㣬Ҳô۰ɣһݹûˣѲ㲻ڽ̨ܶɣ
ϣ΢΢ҡͷ㻹ûй㲻Ҳ֪ҸҲһˣԺ˵ɣͬ۴ѧУǰɣȻĻǾ߰ɡ
ھߣ
Ҳû뵽ϣȻôżһֵˡ
ղŲ˵ǽѰæ鶼ôߣ㾹Ȼĵģʲô
ϣҲǰ뿪ЦﵹһͦʵŮ  ׳һԵĸ˿ҪȻǾǵĳȥͬ۴ѧɣˣ
û⣡Цŵ
ϣ˳ϣһԲڸʻϣǰЩ룡
׺͸˺棬ΪǰŮڳҲû˵
ڣЩİ
ͬ۴ѧУ칫Աߵһң˿ֺȻĳˡͬ۴ѧУﱸ顱  ʵУշŶӰŵİ칫ңеĳԺȫˣ
˿칫棬շڸһŮǱ̸ʲô




577ΰһ
 

ͬ۴ѧУﱸ飡  շ˿дһλͣ˲ǱˣĿǰ׻ֿȵŮһ㶭¶
¶൱磬ȫƽ̨ˣ
˵¶üǾԵеģ  ȻĶ¶Ѿʮȴֵ൱ĲһŻ쳹ֽģ
죬¶һ绰úϣֱ¸ڣֵ˵˶¶ҵĵλ
̨̨ڶ¶ǶǾ֣֪Ů˵ݺ͵λȻǷͬһˡ
շһΪᣬҲƴԼˣ  Ȼ˵һֱڵȴԼһƷΪĿ֮
ǰѾһǰˣǾһεУᣡ
˵һʼΪУССֵĹҼңԼҲǸ׹æĻôѾȫûһ뷨
УᣬпԼҲʷᣡ  ΪһεĹģǰӴ󣬺ܶණѾԼԤƵķΧ
С㣬ӭӭ
շֺͶ¶գͲĲǶ¶Ĳ˵ʵⶭ¶ˮƽܶͬҲﵽˡ
ⶭ¶ΪʲôܹΪһ㣿ܹôʱ䣬˵˼һᾭӪԼ  ⶭ¶ڻûн飬ȴһֱϣм˵Լĳɷ֣  ͷ⿿ǳǿ϶ԶԶģ  ܶʱǵűϣпܸ˾͹ϵΪ֮ҲǻõĹϵ
¶շ΢΢һЦŵҿûм˰Դһδĺ֮ҲûкҰ
շҲЦŵС㣬ֽһ㣬һС˵ܺ𣿹
ŵһ˵һӣ¶շЦŵ
ʵ֮ǰѾ˵һЩ˵Ĳȫ  շЦŵղŶСʱӦѾſڵ˰ɣ
¶üͷȻǿˣͬ۴ѧȫ֪ĴѧֻһѧУУ᲻ŵԹܵݰɣ
һССУȻܺҹշҲЩز¶˵
ŵҾˣѲڻĴӣ˵һο˼ǰİ
¶շҲ¶һ˿Ϊ˵ЦݣѶշ˵Щɱġ
շһֵС㣬ʵΪУᣬҲѵίС
ŵҪôҿЦҿɾ˰¶ҲǺٺһЦһֱΪշ϶ǸԼЦġ
շŵЦݣ֪϶ʲôԼ֪飡  շٺһЦȻУᣬһĹʹڵһߴ󿧣Բʮ
һߴ󿧣ʵģҿʲôЦŵΪС
¶ҲˣһССУ˵ôһߴ󿧣һǹϵһߴ󿧣ôأ  ͬ۴ѧţҲôǮôĴƵİɣ  Ҫ֪ЩƵļ൱Ĵģһ׶ģһȷˣʱʲôķǾһ֡
ڼǵͨѣҲνĳѣ൱˵һְ
¶շ϶ڸԼЦΪʵǲţ  շῴŶ¶С㣬ҴԶĴӾǰ㺰Ϊʵڸ㿪Цɣ
ŵ㡭ȷôһߴ󿧣¶ǲ̫ȷʵ
շͷô˵ɣЩһߴ󿧣ŷŵĶ¾ϯµĶ¾ϯȵ̽䵽ʱҲϯһؽǱʷһᣬҲǹڹģǰһᣡ
ŵŵҡôŸо˵أ¶ЩˣΪշԼЦҲһֱڿЦ
ʵ϶¶֪շ˵ģɲһϲţˡ
ҴҶǼˣһٶ˵ľûκε˼ˣ  С㣬㻹ǲŵĻշҲûа취ˡշʼʵҲ֪һǺһУôĹģġ
ʵˣ㲻ţҲѾΪ˼ȶʵˣ  УôĹģпܱģҪ
Ϊܸĸоôɲ⣬ʱٸһʲô벻飬ʵ̫ˡ
ڵշѾϰˣ
ֻҪڣƺܶͻӭж⣡  ¶̵ŵ
ãС㣬һøһ£ԶСֽһͷſ϶ûġ
շҲ֪ⶭ¶ԼģӦǲᲵԼӵģ




578´õĸо
 

ͬ۴ѧ칫¥¥£
һεĿʱݿĳӺһ˵ͣ±ߣ  ΢΢ĸ֪һ£ͿǶ¶Ѿշİ칫棡  ԩ·խ  仰˵ĻǷǳĶԣû뵽ⶭ¶ȻǱշһġ
ҲãȻⶭ¶ôţôҲ
֪֪˲ô
ףǲǶ¶ĳ𣿡
۾ǱȽϵļģ˿̵ĺϣ鵹ҲǷǳĺãȻϾĹעߵ顣
˵˿¶ĳ֮Ҳüͷôط
Ͳ֪ˣˣʲôǳ˵ʵ͵ļֱ߰ɡ
ҲƵ˵˿ʵҲǺܺãϾԼõĽܵ˱˵ż˹˭Ҳ̫ã
״Ÿ˳ų칫ҵķ˹ȥ
ղһϣ˾Ȼ׷ͬ۴ѧǵʱɫͳ  ʲôǶС鷳
һıڿźϣʵҲһ˿
￴ڣŭһѧУȥʲôطʲôϵ
ѧУߣѧУôΣڶСŵ̸أҪȥҲõǶС̸ٽȥ
ǸƺطǵأֻҪطһ㣡  ЦһѧУҪָֻţ
Сӡ
ǸڱӦþһˣһ׾ȻߺģֱӾ׼ȥץ׵죡  ִѧ»ĲңϾͬ۴ѧ
ѧ֮ǿɶǷǳŽģҪĶˣʱùĻǣĶС㣡
ڷɻʱ򣬱һ˻ǿʲôϾ赲סߡ
ѧУǾͲ˵ˣһ鵽ʱ³ľˣ  Щڼĳ棬ȻҲ֪ӦôģµˣŻΪ  أ
Ǳڵ쵽׵ĸǰʱֱһץסһ֣Ȼˤ˳ȥ  Ǳڵֱڿն𣬳ͬ۴ѧУﱸǿ˹ȥ  ¡  Ǹֱӱһ˦ͨһǽصˤ˵ϣ  žۣ  ϣԭЩǰʱҲһӾ˷
㡭
һڿ׾ȻԼͬ鶯֣Ҳָ׸Ҫ˵  ʱﱸѾǴˣ  ղĶѾǾ̸ˣշͶ¶ͬʱüͷǺܿľ˹
ǡ
¶ȳģһȻԼһڱڵأٿֵǰˣǸղڻǷìܵȺ
¶һӦ˿϶׼ԼˣȻҲǹȥˣ
ô£
շδɵʱȴ׺͸Ѿվǰ  ŵ⼸ڻͱͣҵĳû뵽Ȼ׷ѧУһҵˣǲ
¶Щʢ˵˵ֻһԵշ¶
׺͸ķ˹ȥæסֵܡ³ôˣ
׿˿շŵ³һοר̴Ӣ׸ϻġ
³˰죬롭շЦŵ
һԵĶ¶Щɵˣ  õĸоƺôһ˲䣬ôҲû뵽ϣߵ˾Ȼʶշᣡ  շῴһ۶¶ܣҪأСֽһ㣬һεǲöС㡭
ˣֵѡѾѡˣλǽ̨˺ϣС㣡
ֱӽϣǰ̨˿̵ĺϣһͷˮĿǰ
շᣡ
ǿ൱ĵݰ˻ῪĻʽܵݣôһССУﱸأ
ٿǶ¶ǿˣⶭ¶ŵҹ׼һ˰
û뵽׾ȻôţշĴݶܹ  ֲøղһֱ˵Ǵϰ壬ϣ֮ǰţ׵ˣ  ֻûиף һССУֵö¶ĴԼȫʤΰ  շҲЩĿ˿ףܿһжܵģСʵǲ˼ػƱͳһ㱨
ŵˣأ
¶һλþȻϣˣоϣݺݵԼ˼֮˼ţֻĸоʵܵĺܣ
ˣҲΪУ֣
˵꣬ٴ¶ֱӳųﱸ˽ȥ
ϣҲЩľګĸţڻûлعء




579𾪵ĺϣ
 

Уﱸ飡  շ׵˰칫ڣ
¶һεĳ嵽˰칫֮УʵǲģһĻᣡ  ǰ˵˭أô˵仰շ͹
¶оߵĶǺȻʧһ㣬˭ܹܵأ  ׿Ŷ¶ȥҪ飡
ƾʲôҳȥ¶ŭһշŵˡ
շС㣬ղѾ˵ĺˣεУֻǸæģ̣̲ͬĻͬҲûãѾ˵ĺȷˣҲҪͬģ
̣¶һŵĿշᣬʵЩǽĸоˡ
Ҳ֪ԼѾһεֽнԶˣ  ׿Ŷ¶Ҫ֣
ܣ֮ǰҴˣҸǸһλᣬұ֤
¶˱ȱ컹Ҫ죬ǰһ̻ŭģһȻѾǷˡ
ŮһĳϿ϶ǷǳĳԵÿһҲǰ׽еġ
ۣ߲ܣ  һý˵ˣȻܹҵڻĲ
ϧǣ¶֮ǰԺϣʱѾʾرԸ
ײϲŮˣһ·Ҳ  οдȣϣǾһ£ȻͶ˹
׿˿¶ҡҡͷԭûз֮ǰ飬ʵ˭νأֻϧЩʱǰûаյסûзŭ֮ǰ㻹߰ɡ
շһ⻰ϽС㣬ȰϽߣܹģ
˵ǰշỹĲ˵仰Ϊ˽ף  ˽ˣ׵׵˽׵ǿ󣬾˵֮ǰYHֵɣ
˼Ҳֽ֪Ĵ˵˼ʲôYHѾǲˡ
ʲôʵշڻûп˭ôţ
ˣұ˸֪ôģ  ˼Ҿˣ޻˵  ¶һؿȥƺƽϢһŭ
ȻշеȰ裬סˣ  Ϊʵǲ֪һﵽʲôͷӱʮ겻ԼҪȸһͷ˵
ơ¶ˣߵʱһǻŭ
ʲô취أʵԭǷ飬ҵﵽ۷壡
ֻڲˣһжѾˣ
ϣŶ¶ŭˣҲͷ׵֡ܡ⵽ô°
շῴźϣЦŵС㣬ֻ˵Ǹ˶
һҲЩĿշŵû뵽ҿ˰
շῴҲǿЦһôÿ𣿡
΢΢һЦֵܵŮķСϣ
һεȷֵ񽻸С㣿շЩȷʵ
ЦŵСŽ̨־һӦѲɣ
շЦһľȻǺ£һοHOLDס
ϣЩ˵ŵȻ֪ĴݣҲǴҵüˣССĳҲǾ˲ٵģôҰɣһУ𣿡
ǺǣһУô˵ɣⱲҲᣡշһЦ
Ҳ֪Լڸ˭˵һУĹģжģ  Цŵŵ˶ǶǺǣǱߵŵһ¡
ʼ磬Ȼóһ嵥ҪϯԱ棬һʮˣ
ʮˣҿǸԤʮ˵ϯλŵЦŵ
ǺǣܱµҪðɡЦŵʱڵ
շͷŸĶ嵥ɫ˲䶼ˣ
˹ٷӺͿɪ
շһǰλ˵ֵʱڵ  ˹ٷӺͿɪҲǶˣССǻֹ˵Ĵţ
ֻ˸߸ϣһô׻ϯһЩأ
û뵽ܾȻܹͨϵ˵ģһ֣ؽǺ䶯ȫģ
˹ٷӺͿɪǲӢ׵Ӻôˡ
һԵĺϣЩĿշʵ
շЦһС㰡Ѳ㻹ûи״˹ٷӺͿɪҲҪϯһεУᣡ




580ɽ
 

ûɣ˹ٷӺͿɪҪϯУ᣿ĸİ
ϣЩĸо֮ǲұ߼ʰ
оշŵǸˣҪǿŵʲôģĻоǸƭˣ  Ҫ֪˹ٷӺͿɪʲô
˹ٷӺͿɪĵλǻһССУϣ  Ҳ˵ҲţֻҪû϶ǲŰ
˿ϣЦŵСڻҵ𣿡
ҡҶ֪˭ϣҲǺֱ׵˵øҲһ
˰  ˼ҵҲ֪Լ˭Ҳġ
Ҫ׻˶ʶԼĻǲЩأ  εЦЦҵƬ
ϣЩɵĽӹ˸ƬļֵʱҲŵһ£  SDŶ³ӢּŶ³  ³ĳƺоһĲ˼飡
ǰȥЩޱ߷ˣȻ˾Ķ³
SD֪Ӣּ˵İ
Ӣּȫ緶Χڿɶ쵱ĳ˾˾ȻӢֵĶ³  ôôĲأ  קקϣ֮ǰ͸˵ˣܺģǲţ
ϣʱЩعܡ³ǶԲҡҲ֪ǡ
װڰֵСĽãȻҲǵѣղŵ˵ҲǶԵģ㿴Ӧþ֪һεĹģܴ󡭡
ϣշе⼸һְ
˹ٷӺͿɪȻͲ˵ˣЩԵĳڸϵĲƷȻҲкܶУ  һߵǴ󿧣㿴Ҳʮ֮డ
⵽ʲôУᰡȻôĹģֱǿ°
շῴźϣǲŵǹһЩڵһߴ󿧺̽Ӧ˫˵˼˰ɣһεѹܴ󣬶Ǵȫֱ
ȫֱ
ϣоЩ޷ˣҪ֪ǰһŸո¸ڣһ̾ͽô
ѹ  ѹʵ̫̫ˣ
һԵ￴źϣǴҴӣźϣļϣ㣬첻µزµ˰һţҲһˣֲǹ
Ҳ԰ҲˣϣĻ֮ЩȻˣ  ׿źϣͷӢô
Ӣרҵļˣһ϶ûģ
˵Ӣĺϣ൱ŵģѧϰǷǳǿġ
ͷ׻ƵרҵļѾ൱ĲˣƽʱԵĸһЩ˽Ļǻûκεģ
һʵҵǲĺϣרҵҸĵЩţ
շЦŵʵҲһð취Ǿǰ˽ӴӴӴһ֮ȻҲˣ
⵹һð취һŵ˰Цŵ
ϣ˿ϵ֮ɫδȥʵ˵Ǽٵġ
ôǴ󿧺̽䣬˹ٷӺͿɪѹͷϵɽ
ȻˣȫֱĸҲ˸оһĿֲ
ֱѾ㶨ˡ׳շЦŵ
ڵֱҴ㻹շЦŵһεĻǲģ˵Ѿ¾ʱ紫ýĲ˰
ģҵû뵽ǺǣЦŵ  շῴ׹һֵѾŶӹˣͬ۴ѧĺ豸أҲ൱ļ
׵ͷֻҪֱˣˣ᳡õôˣ
᳡˵ǸоȱһЩʲôȻѾǰ߹ڰˣĵĻ᳡оǵƹЧ棬Ǵﲻһĳ̶ȣ
շЩƵ˵ҲΪĵġ
ֱʱ򣬾ͷеҪǷǳĸߵģʵڰ˵ʱǸЧͺܺã  ֻʱʵִ̫٣Ļʵ̫̫ˣ  ҲЩԥ  һɣһȥ
շ̵ٺò˰ҪǿˣҲͷˣ
׳źϣС㣬ûɣ
ҡһΪ
Ҫ֮ǰĻϣһģҲЩ̫ˣ
ϾɲǿЦ鰡  һˣԼʱҲѣ  ȻҲ֪׸Լһλᣬһֶͣ  ЦŵΪɲУҲýţʱŵǿ϶ֶּͨģ
ϣƺЩĵĵͷţллܣллŵ
׿˿ϣոʧȥ˹֪ѹȽϵĴ˵ȷһλᣬҲһսһص㣬Ǿ˲ã˲ɣȷ㡭
ܣҡϣЩ˵֪ôȥмˡ
׳źϣ΢΢һЦС㣬֮ǰһֱûи̸ͨѣȻڶˣҲӦ̸һķˣ




581̨Ч
 

ҵķþͲ˰ɣܣһλҶ֪ôлˡ
ϣֲǸɵӣǱ˵Ǯ¶кܶҪġ
οԼһ¸ڵأ
һ֮Լ¾ֱˣ
ڳ˿¶֪ģѲײ֪
ֻײƵĺܾˣǮ˵ֻһֶѣ˶ѣ
ϣ֮ǰѾ˵ˣֻҪǹľûаġ
ϣҲǰæǶ¶ø  ΢΢һЦҲǫ飡ŵ֮ǰǸ¶š
ܣԶ¶һϣ
շҲûʲôòҴŵģһһ֣
Ͼ¶ֽһ㣬һĳѶ˵Ĳߣ  һǮҲ׼ģȻĻͰǮϣˣ

ϣһһ򣿣ڽ̨һҲͶʮҵ룡  һڣֱӾǸĹʰ
ɲҪģһһ󣬿ºϣ۾Ҫˡ
ʱ֮Ϊֽһ㣬Ҳпܵģ
ϣæڰֵܣҪĻ˼һ¾ˣһʵ̫̫ˡ
Ҳ֪Ǹ󷽵ˣԼϣҲһҪǿˡ
ҲǶ܇ˣ  ô˰ɣ
װڰʾ鲻ˣתͳ˹ȥ
˺ϣһҲ
ŵȥһ»᳡׳շЦŵ
շϽȥ֮ʻǶںϣС㣬ؼǵҪһ·ʱֱ÷Ʊǵûиʮ·ǿɲ
ۣ
ϣһҲһѣʵǰҲġ
ʱҧҧһǧǮǸ۵ģ  ֮ǰѾˣʱᣬͰǼİó
û뵽շֱӾͰոѿͷǲˣ
ûʮ򲻸˼Ҫʮϵ˰  һƬ͵Ŀ֮УշҲǼҴҵˣ  ׵ȥıӰϣҲʿˮ⡭ܵǸʲôİ
ҲЦҡҡͷҾ֪֮ǰ˵㻹ţ˰ɣ
ˣڶоԼΣϣЩ㱵˵
ЦŵԺпڸ㽲Ҹôʶİɣܵĺֵܣɲ֪һر󷽵ˣǶֵķǳ壡
ðɡϣǡȥ㳡ɡ
㳡ǿΪݻһˣǱ򲻵ĻĲ֪ʲôطȥˣ
ͬ۴ѧ
ѾǻȻһ£ΧܶĹ˶ڼӰӵĿʼϵĲŻ᳡
ڿȥֳӦǲõĲˣЩƹӰʲôӦҲѾˣ
ȥоǲģ̨ǹϯָмһƬʵ
ţһƬǹϯУѾȥͨˣʱӦûɳǿİʩģշ
׵Ҳν˵ȫ⵹Ҳ⣡
ڣ˭ҷ
˭ĸʱֳʲô۶ӵĻȻ޻أ
һԵĸЦŵ̨ȥȴȱ˺ܶС
ţҵҲĸоԳǺǣ
ʵ̨ʱѾһ뷨һԼϵĲϣ
ϾԼϵЩʵ̫󣬿ͨĲҲǿԸģ
ܣҲշЩĿ˿ʵ
׿շŵڸȥɹһЩԭϣһ˹Ūһ̨סҪ˴ǣ
ܣ˼ҵ飬ԼԼӰӵ㡭
շỹЩ˼ϾܲԼûã  Цŵ˵ŵôɶѾ˰ٷ֮ʮŵḶ́İٷ֮һһʱ˵ĻֱӳҲˣ˷ѹǣ
Ǻǣܳвɹ飿
շڶ׶һֽäĿĳˣ
״Ÿ뿪ˣշҲǸĿֳԱĽӣ
ҪͬʱŶӼӰӵĻһ񶼻ûء
˿̵շῴǰľҲѾʼźϵˣ  ǱؽǺ䶯һᰡ




582ˮ
 

ͬ۴ѧҹ΢죬һ˿⣡
ͬ۴ѧѾǱ׵ķܶѧ֪У飡  ˶֪ǣһεУᵽʲôĹģ  ͬ۴ѧ̳ϣѧѾ֪Ц˶ٴˡ
ͬ۴ѧһĵһ¶⣬˭ϣԼĸУ˿أ
ȻУᣬ˶֪ѧУ֮İս  ͬ۴ѧУѧĸУͳϵ֮ĽսѾǿʼˣ
׺͸վ̨룬ЦŵˣҪԶ֣
ǺǣЩˮȻǺ󣬿ɵʱӳЧӦǷǳĲġ
׽ȥɨܹ򵽵ˮ˸飡
ˮгˣ
ص֮ͳ׵ʧˣúܶ˶ô£
Щˮ̣Ҳﲻ֪ôһ£
׵гһ˶ˮ  ܿ죬Щ𾪵Ŀǰף
ֻ׵ĸǰһŻ⣬ԭеˮѾʧ
˲ĹǵˮѾɲһˮ棬ˮԼһƽңȥˮһ㣡  һ顢顢顭
ʮӵĹ׾Ȼ˽ǧˮ棬¹ӳ£â䣡
ƴӡ
ֱӽˮĿʼںƴӣܿһˮ֮ѾǸ˸ĸǰ
ˣʵ̫˰һƹۼĸоֱױȰ
ˮ֮ţ  ȹ񹤵ĶȻһطΪ֮̾
ǺǣҪ̨һѤˮ硭
һ˵Żһ߲ϵ  ԭϵЩˮʼûɸʽƷ׷ˮ֮ŵˣ
ˮ֮Ųϵߣ·ߵľͷһ㣡
ˮ֮ŵľͷһ˶Բεվ̨·˿һ㣡
Ѿǽͣ
һˮ֮ŵ棬ŲͬطĹգʮǵĽ˳еʮ㣡  ߵˮ֮ŵľͷʱǵڿеˮ̨֮ϣ
Ѥʣâ䣡
˵㲻һǣˮ֮ɵ̨֮ϣ˵ҲѾǱˣ  ţ
һױȵţ·Ľ£  ЩһߴƣⱲҲûеϹѤ̨
Ҫ֪һιڣǴһΪļ䣡  ˣֶ̫ˣ
Ҳһһ㶵ģ֮Ƕһɫ  ʹһ壬ҲֻܹĽķݣ  ʹһȻҲһЩʥʲôģԴֲڵַ׻Ƶǲܱȵġ
ҲΪʲôղŸ󿴵Σ˶һԭ  ԼԽǿԽǼ
Цŵһ㡭
ڸˮ֮ʣ׵в֪ʲôʱѾһЩ
ֻ׵һЩڷǵˮѾǻ֮У  Щ˵ˣ᲻˵ĻɰϾ׽硭
Щˮʵ˸оһ𾪣  ΢΢һЦһӳϷ緢˿ĺɫ˿ȷ˿Ҫϸ  ЩԭɢϷˮѾǱЩ˿һ  ЦŵӦþûˣʱ˳ӦҲԿóЩ˿ɡ
ˮ磡  òѾֳˣԭ̨˲ݻޱȣ󷽣
ҪǣЧֱ˵ǸһױȵܰʱӵЧģ
ڸ֮ʣһĻһĺɫĻѾǴ϶Ϯ  ׽ˮ糹׵ķסˣ  ҲҿҹʵڴĻЩѧҲޱȰ  Ǳʲôʱº͸Ҳ  Ӧò඼˰ɣʱҸӴͺˣ͵ҵĺϢɡЦŵ
ҷģˣʱҲˣǻȻȥɣշ֮˵ɡ
ҲǳŸЦЦһоֻῪʼˣ
ڶһ磬շľͬ۴ѧʵһûô˯  ˵Ҫһ̨շоЩƣҲʲôɣ
һһİԼƳ̨߰ĻʱƹʲôĻµ
켱Ҵҵľߡ




583𺳵ŵ
 

ͬ۴ѧ
շ˸ϵߵʱ򣬷̨ϿձһɫĻ֣  һԵĿ˵ŵǹúõأû뵽һ羹Ȼˡ
˶ûиҶ˭Ҳ֪ʲô  Ҳ֪Ϊʲôط  ĿҪշ˵շǺ磬ЩĿıҪöˡ
շῴǸĿ˵ܣһҹϹŪĶû¡
Ƕշһʱ뵽϶׵ĳġ
һϵĹܾȻĳôӴ  ֻŪһªޱȵĻµʱ𶼲ò
ΪϾֻһæģ˵׵ĻǵЩòʧˡ
Ҫ˵ǰĻ˲ԼշҲν飡
շֻˣ˼ʵ̫ˣڵֽͷYHѾ֮ӢҲĺѸŪġ
ֽ磬˵仰Ҫ
ǸĿ˻ЦŵŵԭŪĶ˵ǸղŻţǺǡ
֮ܰǰûиǴкҿǲܰշҲЦŵ
ⶫҲҶ̨ѾŵҪˡѾĽ׶Σʱ׼ʼˡ
ҲŵЦЦһοôҲΪĵһΣ  ŵǮƽʱ֮࣬ĿȻҪȫȫˡ
շῴ˿ЦŵҲ֪ⶫʲôӣȿɣǿɳеΰ
ŵʵˣһУôоôأЦʵ
շʼῪʼʱ֪Ϊʲôôˣ
շᲢ˵⣬Ҳ΢΢һЦǾĿԴˣŵҪȻȿĻ浽ʲôö
ʵϣڻܿһŪĶʲôö
һʲôһ̨ɶģǵʱ𻹵Ҫʱء
Ȼ֪ܲΪʲôշñŲ̄ʲǫ̂϶ʲôö  Ͼֻǻһϵʱѣʲô  ΢΢һЦӻʾ˰֮ǰĺĻʵҲҪ浽ʲô  շĿתĿǰĸ̨һԵĻܵ˵ҲЦǺǵġ
Ļ
⡭ʲô
ԭЦǺǵĻʼɫˣΪӳĶӳ£ʵЩۣ  һԵշῴǰľƺҲܵ˾һ㣡
̫ˣֱƷ
շѾ֪ʲôǰһһˮ磬ڹâӳ֮£ѤĿ˲ֱӣ
һּµ˸оûһ㣡
סɶ칤
һ˿һƵ޷ӣ˸оȻһ壬磡
⡭⵽ʲôʰҲʿˮǰ̨
ϽѴĻڻܱ¶
շᵹһΪˣɸղһĻѾӳԺ֮У
ֱܼһ漣
û뵽һϵĹܾȻۼĶ
⵽ôģշʵҪ֪֪
շܣ쿴ϣܹܣ
ŵղ̨ʵ̫ˣҡʵ벻ǶôŪģ
ҲЩƣϾҲǸ㽨ƵģɸղһĻоʵǲ˼飡  ֻȻһ˸оԼһˮ֮УԼվ̨ϱݵĻԼҲǻģ  շ̾һȷǹ񹤣̾Ϊֹϵᣬһ̨Ȼܹ䶯ȫ磡
ŵУᶯ϶ҲСܸܲҸƱҲҪźӹ
Це˵ʵҲҪģһ£ƱֵǮ
շЦŵֱӴźˣţϵһòеģⱲҲ
ŵİĸоһ˿Ѱ
ŵǿǼ˰ô˵ˣܲڴ
ĳ֮ϣ
װһ֣˿棬ѾƼȫصĸ;ǣ  ״Ż˼ͻ׼ͧǰ  ˼׵ָ磬Ҹһ͵ҪȻһһȥ
ѿҲЦŵĻھϵҸףϾһҲйͬģ
΢΢ͷ




584ȫ򸻺
 

ĳۿڣ  ѾͣǱߣԭ׿ʱҲǽӵ˻ŷŵĶ¾ϯ棡
뻪һͬĻйµ³ƽ
ͻƽһ·ϿȥѾ˺ܾˣǿȥʮֵ硣
ļ飡  Խ㣬ȦʵԽԽСŷź͹¼ںţȻҲǱ˴ġ
һλͻƽǱվ̨ģ˵һССУѣûκεѹ
ֻǻͻƽǳĺ棬׵ʲôˣ
СȴǸɳһ춯ص飬ƽã⻪ĸоҪҪǿ̫̫ˡ
˵ĵѾӭȥ
˼һƽҲЦŵ壬ףǽһ£λָ磬ָλѵĸ׹¼ŵĶ¾ϯƽλҵĸס
ʶġЦЦƶҵǲôϤ
һףҲЩ˵֮ǰһֱǼ˼û뵽еĻҪᰡ
ǰˣԹӢ۳갡ƽҲǰֵ
ҲǫһЦƶлλܹϯͬ۴ѧУҵƷᣡ
ױƷǻҿҲǲιɵģô˵лأҪлĻҵҪл˼һһһ
˵ǳĿȥһͨͨˣʶ˵е׻ƶ
һԵĻƽ΢΢һЦҲ˵ױƷ̻ܴ󰡣ֻϧûл롭
׹һЦƶ˵ЦˣԺĻ϶ǺܶġҪȻɣȥȥСһ᣿Ǳ߻һЩĿڡ
һЦУλǡ
濴˿һǱʼղ˵ĸҲЩƵʵ
ǺǣҶǽˣλθDЦŵ
Żͻƽ΢΢һЦͻǰҲ˵ġ
ǻͦ
ͻƽǷǳĸˣ˼һ˶ʶԼŶоһܲ飡  ƽЦŵ֪ǴʲôҵģȻܹ۵һԵ
ЦŵμŵĶ³
μţƽЩDǿǸμŰɣ
ǺǣҲ֪ҵȻһЦ
һԵĻ濴ŻƽЩǿϻư֪ҵ
ϻμרеģʵǳǿҵ͵һμٿԵֵµ
ƽҲ̾һĵԭΪθһͨͨ˶ѡ
û뵽˼ҾȻǿμŵĶ³ֱǲ󰡣
һĸǵĸǰ൱ĵ͵
˼һȫ򸻺ĵĸ
ȫ򸻺ģ
Ȩİźܶ˶ֻĵһ˭
θûϹǸ񵥵ĵһϲȥԻǱȽϵĵ͵ġ
͵ʵ̫͵ˣ
ĭһУô
Уʵģ뷨ͨһȫֱУὫϻױƷȥȡ̵ʱڰƷ̳ȥ
׻ôģƷȻãҲҪġ
һλĻʱǮٶȾͷǳĿˣʵıҪԼļѣ  ȻˣǾҪò
ͻƽɶǼˣܹ𾪵Ķǿɲ࣡  ȻθѾλڶĸզˣ
ۿڷǻȥϰɣ
һ紵ƽҲǸоЩ䣬ϾϯЩʽĳϣҲǱȽϵ١
ԭƽҪϯһ£Ȼ׼ȥġ
ϾˣҪǲĻȻ˵ȥġ
ֻû뵽һͿЩμŶ³θ󣡣  ԭҪҸ뿪Ļƽ˿ֻѾֻδˣ
ŻƽĻҲЦŵϻ˵ĶԣǵɲЩСˣҸů͵ĵطɡ
һУŹķ򼲳۶ȥ  ͧҲڲֵģ൱Ĳ
ʮҵʱ䣬һѾ˹ͣŵһϣ




585½͵Ļͻƶ
 

ۿ15ﴦһ޴ͣں֮У
ѤĿĵƹӳںУȥһص
׵֮У˿ķѾʼӭ׵ˣ  ˹ٷӺͿɪ֮⣬Ķˡ
һģӿʱ̬ʮֵĹ  ˿˵˹ٷͿɪմʲôʱ򵽣
˿˹ٷӺͿɪǺͷˣɶڸ˵ЩҲǸͨ˶ѣ
Ϊ׽磬ҪĻйȥԼ˹ٷӺͿɪˣ  ڿױȽϵ⣬ҲǷǳֵõġ
˹ٷӺͿɪ
ͻƽյط˺ŵ֣  ǰһ  ʲôᰡȻôţ  һĹ·ʣҲ뵽˳  ˹ٷӺͿɪȫ緶Χڵķ˿࣬Ȼûĵңȴǳܻӭ  ŮӰҲȲ˹ٷӺͿɪ
ǲ࣡  ֻǻͻƽôҲû뵽һ˵ιȻôߡ
һʼǻΪ˹Ѿǳĳˡ
ڿǳ  ƺ˼˵˶Ҫǿ˵θɣǿȫ򸻺ĵĳ
ȫӰ֪ﰡǻͻƽˣҲǲܱȵģ
׻ƵȷǾ൱Ӱȫ򣬿»Ųϵΰ  ƶһΪǵĻױƷҪУҪһЩ˹վ̨Ͼһȫֱ
ЦŵʵѾȫ׼ˡ
ȫֱ
ͻƽһεˣӺ׽ӴڣĸֻһǾ𾪣  ׵ڣоԼѾЩľˣ𾪵ľ
ʲôⱲҲû飡  ղ˵ȫֱʲô˼һССУᾹȻҪȫֱ⡭ôأ
ƽʵѾоڱ޿ܣ  Ͼ˹ٷӺͿɪĳ֣Ѿȼȫˣ
Цŵʱƶͻ֪ˣղŻƶ˵ûв뵽ҵĻױƷ˾оЩϧҾ͸߻ƶµʼͿȫˣ
ȫ򣿣
ƽϳɻ𾪣ȫ  ĿǰĹµڹڷǳ֪һµҶ֪ǴƷƣҲǳΡ
ȴô£ڳɲŹʳ
ʵڵĻƽҲһֱϣԼܹ뵽ʻľУոµг
Ҫعгô׵Ͷ¾һŵ֣
Ҫ֪ͶǿӰģҪȫվȽŸ˵֪ĻôҪжʵ
¼ҲóȻóٰʮڵĳȥɣ  ѿԼ׵ӣ̵ָ֣һο˺ܶĹʴƾǣǶı̲˹JAY-HȵȿɶǹˣȫΧڵӰǿǰİ
ʾǣûǮƽҲЩզʵ
ʵϣԻƽȲƴֵϰ˵Ǯ˵ֱëë꣡
û뵽ƽȻʱҲ飬ʵ˸о˼飡
һԵĻЦһϻưǻǾ֮˰ԶԶǵ󰡣
һЦŵѰæʵҲûлʲôǮ
ҲǴţһιҶǿ˸ϣԼˣôҪǮأ  Ǯܹ飬ڸԼ˿һˣ
Ҫ֪磬ܹеĶˣԶԶֹ۸
Ѱæʲôôţ氡ƽҲǳԾʵ
󲻵μŵĶ³һȫֹ˾ӢֵĶ³ҲմĹ⡭
û뵽ȻӢֵĶ³΢΢һ̾ʵԭҲҪҵģ׻ƵҵҰռ꣬ǱǿҲֻá
֣˰ǰYHʽ˳Ȧ֪֪˼ЩĿԼĸʵ
ҵȻ֪ӦҪ򰵵˰ɣҪǷȦǲܵģ΢΢ҡͷ
ƽҲǵͷǰȦ˼ҲģϾҲһҵ
壬ϰ֣YHѾչ˰˼һNɪ˵




586´Ƽ
 

ֵļװϣȻǺЩȴĵȻ죡
ͻƽ˻࿴һ۶ԷǴӶԷжĳ𾪾𾪣
ǵƽʱɵģû뵽澹ȻҲɳһҵ  YHֱǸչˣôأ  ʵ֪ģȻǲ֪һʵжôǿ
֪ײҵģ
ǵһѵ죬ڶͺʬͷ˭Ҳ֪˭ġ
Ǹûһ㣬ܶ˶йء
ҲΪʲôʱ˼ͻѯǸ׵ʱ򣬻ͻƽǿıܿ
Ϊ֪һһɱ˲գ۵
ƣûбҪְɵ֮ͽһʶɣ
ҲΪһε֮룬ҵڼû˸ˣ
̸ֻֽʵۣЩɲǰ׸ģ
ѣǸղ˵YHֱǸչˣôܣʵ̫˽ˣ׷ģ
ƽӴΣߣԲ׾ͷġ
һԵĻҲǵͷǰ˼⵽ô°
ǺǣʵҲΪĺãԼ˵ҪYH͸ǵģҲûа취
˼΢΢һЦʵû׵ĳƺܳ͡
ǵҲ֣Ϊʲô֮ǰôȻֱӽеͶˣ
ƺΪһţͻҲҪ֪׵ôģ  ˼ҾѪУ
Цŵ塢֣ʵҲ֪ô£̸̸ָȻʱֱӾ˵Ҫ˳ȦˣڵôҾͲ֪ˡ
⡭ⲻܰЩĿʵ㵽ʲôа
׿ŻЦŵʵҲûʲôУһϲҾ͸˵˭Ӯ˭£ˣYHҲ͹ˡ
ô򵥣ܰɣƽоϵڱ
Цŵʵô򵥣쵹ҲһˣԸķ䣡
һԵĸһЦ˻֪ô£Ͳµһţ  пˣĻҲܿ˵ĺ°ɣ
磬ԼҲû˸ǵģͲ̸ͨ׽ˣ
Լ˱书ǼֱǴŵϲ
΢΢ҡͷˣҲ˼ԺҪúõĸߣĸ̲ǰ
˼̵֣ҸָĹϵͷİɣ
Цŵ˼ҲŲٵİģͷİɣʵЩǻǵȥɡ
ܿ죬һ˵Ĵ¾ͽֵڲ  ֵڲȥݻޱȣ̻Ի͵Ĵ棬˿Ѿվһ죡  ˵ĵȫվ  һԼǸˣЩֵ˵ǡĦˣ֮ǰȥAʱ˽ӴĦһ˳λļ̳ˣڼеĵλܸ߰
ƽҲʿˮֹϻ˷ռļ̳ˡ
һεͬʱһۣѾЩľˣʵ̫˰  Уᰡֱڻ˰  ³þò
ŵļ̳һǶЦŴ
μڽĵλ൱ĸߵģЩϿզΣǶڸȴ쳣أ  ˿˵Ҹλһ£λҵĺѣ
á
һĽܣڼϸԴĵӣҲ֪ԶӦòʲôͨˡ
׿΢΢һЦλӭ׻ƣԺǺĻǷǳĶģҲϣλܹ׻Ŀĵ㣡
һĹά֮󣬴Ҳĵһȥˣ  ЩǴ˿ЩҴȵЩŲƷ˹к֮ǲŻĳ˹
Ҳһһ⣬ҲһĽţ  Щǣ׵Ҳ˵˳Ҳ֮࣬ǰЩֲ
һѹ׵˸Ҫ£˺˹ٷӺͿɪֱɻѾǵִϿգ׼ˡ
˹ٷӺͿɪҲˣǺǣ³ӿ湻İ
Ħŵļ̳΢΢һЦɯ׼ĲƸҲǸɵйģĻǱݣ
˵Ļ˹ٷӺͿɪǱΪҫ۵ˡ




587°ǫѷ
 

ԵĴڣ
˹ٷӺͿɪ˵ǰĶŵϾ׵ݣɪһ֣Щ˴ҲЩĳȣ
˹ٷӺͿɪߵ˸ĸǰ˹ٷЦŵڼˣ˵չӢΪǿֹ˾Ľ
ֻǵȻһЦ˹ٷ̫ˣⲻССֶѣɯ׼ûа취Ტ۵ģ
һĸ׵ίУߣôܹأǺǣ˹ٷҲ֪ΪʲôԼĸ׻Լ
˵⸥󲻹һСС˶ѣΪʲôĸɯŮԼԼأ
˹ٷ֪μıȻҲ壡
ʵҲоһ֣˹ٷϾȻҲνĹ֮  ֲõĸܹɫö˹ٷӺͿɪԭ˾ȻҲʹһġ
΢΢ͷλ
˵𾴣˹ٷӺͿɪ˾ûиоǰļһߡ
ΪǸܲԶ׻е  ˹ٷӺͿɪ˸оһ֣Ҳɲǲְ
ߣһ߾Ȼһͨô𾴣ʵǲ⣡
˹ٷ˿ףûǰףϾʹһͶһ屾ǲԸ
ǿײһͨ׽ˣ
Ҳǿ˹ٷӺͿɪ˼ʵ֮ǰҲôġ
ֻǺ֪Լ֪Լ˵ĴڣȫΪԼʵﲻ
˹ٷȰ㻹ǶһЩǿߣ֪ʵʵ̫ˡҲܣǶɯһ嶼˵ĻʱɲҪˡ
΢ۣѾǴ뵽˹ٷĶУԼĹ֮˹ٷֱӽһԵ˸
ɯ׼Ȼ׽ʣʵɯ׼岻Ǻ̼壬μǿǺ´̵ļ塣
ұͲһϵģԸʹʵɯ׼ʵǿ֮ˣҲǺʸ԰
ͬΪʹһ壬ҲǽżΪɭϵĵȼƶȣ
˹ٷɫһ䣬ʹʵǰλѾһ磡  ȻΪԼĻţɵ˵ǰλȻǿĶ֮Ҳˣ  ˶ǿ˹ٷͿɪգһʼǶ˵ļĻǿԵġ
Ϊ˻֮ʣ˹ٷѾЦǰֵ˵һθ³Ϊźǹģ
ǫѷһ˲Ĺ򣡣
˹ٷӺͿɪѾĸ˿Ƕ׵̬ȱÿʼ
е飬Щ鷳λˣ׵ҲǵȻ쳣
ȸַ緶˹ٷӺͿɪҲˣ  һԵĿɪЦŵʲôҪܷԸͺˣȻˣһᾡİæģ
˹ٷҲЦŵǰǸ³ѣȻҲǵѡϣҪǿ
΢΢ͷ˹ٷӡɪ׻ƽͬ۴ѧһһʮУ죬ʱλϯһ£˳ΪҵĻױƷ֪
һԵЩЩסˣǹȻΪ棿
ֱ̫ˣ  ǿ߰˹ٷӺͿɪǾԲӦġ
ܹʵǿ˸ϵģʲôݺ͵λ
ôȥأ  Ҫ֪ݿƿֲˣǺĻôö찡  Ǹ뵽һǣصܵ׻Ϊһ˴ĻԺڼҲǻᱻ˳Цġ
Ȼˣ˵˵ȥǶΪ˹ٷӺͿɪǾԲܴӦġ
ȻǶǸģɷҲиߵĲǣ
ֻǾΪ˹ٷӺͿɪȻܾʱȴ˹ٷѾЦŵȻû⣡
Ҫ֪˹ٷһӰǺεȵ磿  ڱ˺棬ȻôĿģʲô
˹ٷӺͿɪԸĻôʲôԸأ
˳ˮ˭ԸǾԼǿ϶ûκģ
ȻĻǾô˵˰ٸλһ׻ƵλѣŷŵĶ³͹µŵĶ³ƽδҵҲǻʵģλһУŶ
׿ЦŵһεУȫֱȻž޴ĹЧӦģ
ţ
Ħŵļ̳˷ƶĦֱӽ׸סˣղһ˵ˣҲ۷Ź  Ȼ׻Щţǿ˵ġ




588֮
 

ڣʵѾʮֵˣ  Ǹˣ֮ȻһźʵǵĹϵȴ쳣ĸӣ  ͬΪŲţ֮ȻЩɸȴǾ
Ͼ׬Ǯеô࣬ôܻ᲻أ  ˵壬ٷ֮ʮҵĶӪزͽҵ֮Ĺϵ֪ˣ  ұϻһźģϾ⻥ľǸӶѣ
ֻ浽ʱֻҩζҲ൱ľ˵ģ  ǣ
ת˿ƶĦȻ֪Ħŵļ̳ˣȴֵ֪׽ʲô  ҽһ£Ħŵһ˳λ̳˷ƶĦƶĦ¶ʿЦݣ΢΢Ҿ
ƶ֪𣿡
׵Ҳ֪ƶĦסԼʲô飬Ͼû̾Ȼô⡣
ʵ˵̣ҲΪ˸ŷź͹µһѣ
ǣ˼ͻȻæˣǲûͳʲôʵԵĽǮ
һǮҲΪչMGֱ֣죬ͬʱYH֣
û˼ͻѴ׬һˣ
˵ŷź͹µżǿװǾ̵ݣ  ƶĦЦŵֻҪһ£ղ˵ʲô˼
˵̣׿ŷƶĦʵ
ǵģǸղ˵̣֮ǰ³˵һǸȫֱɣ
ƶĦһǳоͷԵˣһӾᵽ̻
֮ǰ֪˹ٷӺͿɪҪüǼ֣Ҳ̫ĺ䶯
˹ٷӺͿɪһתˣ
ƶĦ˹ٷӺͿɪ׻ƵӰAȣ˵Ӱǿǰġ
ȻˣЩһߴǣҲ൱ľӰġ
Ӱӣյ̻Ѿǿֳˣ
޴ĹЧӦ  ЦŵһγУ֮⣬Ϊҹ˾ĻױƷҲͬȫʼۣҲǺǣ
֪ܸܲĦһ̵λãƶĦЦʵ
⡭²װɣ̲˶֮࣬ǰ뷨ѾˣĦҪĻҡ
׵Ļδ˵һѾվסˡ
ƶ㻹ǻ밡ƾʲô͸ĦţȻղ˵ˣ̵ֻѾҿʣµһҾˡ
˵˽ķ˷գʯʹ˷յĵһ˳λ̳ˡ
һθӵȷǹΪĦ˷ռ峤ǵ궼ѾǷǳĸˡ
һοɶɳ˼ΪԺյ˹μӣ˼ѾǲԶˣǾҪڸĸǰһӡ
Ҿüķ˵ǶԵģȫֱĹЧӦѾԲˣҲͬ⼪ķ˵Ȼֻһλãֻܾˣ
һ˵ˣԶŰĵڶ˳λ̳ˣɶŰ
ɶŰȻǶŰڶ˳λļ̳ˣһ˳λļ̳Ѿز
ȻĿǰǵڶ˳λļ̳ˣʵѾϵĵһ˳λ̳ˡ
һԵ˹Цŵҿ־ͺã
˹¼һΪصļ壬׿ʱҲоһЩŹ֣  ֮ƺ̲һֵһʹһ嶼ͬ
׸ûнӴֵĲֻĿһ˹£黹ǵ˵˰ɣ  ƺҲʱ򣡣
㻹Ǹϰƶ˹΢΢һЦǵǲϣμӣҪȻǶûϣˣ
ƶĦҲֺ֪ô׵ľ䵽Լͷأ
ȫ򻯵ľãĦҲʼ׼׻Ƶгһε᱾׻ƾУ̻ǿ֪ˣ  ԭĴһһһ̵תһ룬ֶȻϡΪˡ
ôĻЩ˶Ȼûʲôоġ
ڣһ뷨ѾǼ˵Ȥˡ
Ҫ֪ҪһƷƶʱȫģҪرش鷢
񣬰ǰľһر飬Ǿ飡
ʱڼЩýĳһԭоֵһᣬпܻȫľ޴䶯
ʱһ̵ȻľǸˣ




589ϡΪ
 

ĳִڣ  ˵Ŀⶼ׵˵ϣЩʾԭΪԼĳѾǼΪ𺳣
ڵȵϵʱǲŷָô£  漸һ˶Ҫţ̫̫ˡ
˵Ǽ˳λ̳ˣǼֱӵĸɽ
˹ٷӺͿɪĳ֣һϢĸо
ܶ˶֪һУᣬҪ䶯ȫˡ
ˣЩ̵ϯλҲͷǳˡ
Ϊ֪ľǣЧӦǵȻ֪жôǿ
һβĳһǳǼ˳׻ƷΧΪ֪Ĺʾǣ
ʱḶ́ģ
Щ̳ǣǴ֪һζʲô
Ǯ˵ҪΪһжΪ׬ȡ
ɰǰĿɲʲôǮǮˣһҵĻᡣ
ȫԵĴͻһ̶ʤܶ˶Ҫзֵһ
ֻм̵Ǿ൱ˡ
Խ٣ȻԽĿ  ȻҲԽˣ
һԵĻͻƽѾǾκˣʵѾ淢˾޴ĹЧӦ̻
˵ŷź͹µҪ׻Ƶг߳ȥȥعгڿ¾һõĻˡ
һ̵ϯλЩѾʼˣ
ƶĦ˿׳ѯһһֱһ˶ٵ
׻ƾĿǰֻһҶŵʱۿԲˣôŻеġ
Ҫ֪һιʾȻܶ࣬ɹһߴҲ൱Ķġ
ĲƷȻĿ׼ȫгĿǰһȾǹг  ܹ˫ȻǺܺõģΪޣһҪӦϿҲô׵顣
ҪݣҪһʱ۵Ḷ́
أɶŰҲ΢΢һЦʵ
һԵĸӢȫΧڸƽ̨ѾʼǢ̸һεתˣʱӦûгһټҵ̨ͬת˵١
۸Ҫ˰ķ˷պٺһЦƷͣԭľȫг
˵ĦҪǽҵΪǻû˷ռҪһεĹ氡
Ȼ˵ĻǻʲôԸһ±ε֮һɶŰ΢΢һЦ
ŰAںһЩȻвٵҵ񣬿Ҳоķչƿ  ȻŰʵۺ񣬿һֱ൱ĵ͵ԺܶȻ֪ŰţŰǸʲôĶ֪
ɶŰ֪ԼҪӵڶ˳λ̳ĳΪһ˳λ̳ˣҪߵ·Ǻܶܶġ
ϣͨԼŬĳΪŵΨһ̳ˣ  ƶĦЦһ𣡣
ķ˷ʼȻ˵ĻҲմ֣𣡣
ٶʵЩˣղ⻹һҪһεϯλû뵽˲ֱѾǵˣ  ˣʵЩ˰  ʵϣһиһǧѾ൱ˣһβͬ  ͬ۴ѧһУ۴ʲôǶǻ϶ǿǰġ
ʷǰ  ĸѾ˵̵ĺС
˵ʵǰ˻ᡢ籭ȴ͵£ҲĹЧӦ  Ͼ˶Ϊģ̽仹ӡЩǣݼȺǷǳĹ㷺ġ
ЩܹѼ۸ôߣѲɵô  ƶĦƳһۼķ˷յķСӳĵǰɣ𣡡
𣡣ɶȻһЦӵнǧ۵ǣ˿̾˵һһ㣡
ķ˷պٺһЦʮ𣡣
һ̣СֱӺۣʮֱû˰
ݡƶĦоƺЩֵãҧҧ˿ɶǼ˳
ʮ𣡣ɶŰ˵ֵʱѾǸоЩˣ
ʮ𣡣ķ˷յ黹ôĵ  ˵⼸У˭ǮĻ»Ҫ˷ռˣ
ɶʼ磬Ȼ˿ķ΢΢һЦֻйϲˣķ
ʮһССϯλ
ȻϡΪ󰡣
һԵЩνĹʾѾǳ׵ɵˣЩ˵УǮ
ķ˷տ˿׺ٺһЦһţǻ׻ƵĻңֱ֧
OK΢΢ͷǮĻ׵ĺܡ
Ҳ֪ѵͣô˹Ļķ˷ôͳôǮأ




590Уŷ
 

𾪵ĿУķ˷ʮһεϯλ  һԵĻͻƽ  ˷ռԲɵӣһȻ֪൱  ޴ĹЧӦǿ϶ǾüֵΣʮ𣬾˷ռܹܵķΧ
Ϊֵãǲųĸ߼ۣ  ͻƽһӸоԼݰݼ˼ֵڵĹѡ
ʵ̫ˣ󷽵ǸоЩʵˣ
˵ʵΪĲǻͻƽǻ˼ͻѣ
˿˵϶ǳԺЦݣʮ𰡣
˵Լװ׵ľΪԼļʡʮôһݹأ
˼ͻһ˷ܣı飬ͻƽҲò̾ԼҲϹְ  磬ͬ۴ѧУ칫ң
˿̵Ҳ൱ļУᣬ˲ٵУѣģﵽǧ֮ڣ
Ȼͬ۴ѧЩУиҵ쵽µҲֻмԺԺʿѡ
ЩˣûʱһЩڲˡ
żһЩĲҵȴϧĹóҲһӵĻ
˿ڳİ칫ңһʮĶ棬˿ȥǱȽϵġ
ŷܣлܹμһεУŷյ
ŷ׻ƻױƷгĻױƷվŷСȫΧڵӰǺܴġ
ĿǰѾΪȫĻױƷƽ̨
ŷҲѾǹʮڣ䡰ŷСֵ˵ѾˣϾֵֻѣʵԶԶûдﵽ  ŷһܽеϰ壬ҵͬ۴ѧһϵ
ֻǳ겢֪ŷʵڵѹҲǷǳĴ
Ҫ֪ƽ̨һ߷յҵŷĿǰʽ϶ڳĸǰ˵ġ
ϾһιμУ죬ҲΪ¡
ŷ˿ЦŵУͬ۴ѧҵģ˴ͬ۴ѧһһʮУ죬ôҲΪĸУһЩװɣ
Ǻǣŷܰҳͷ͸˰Ҳñ˿ѧУȥˣҲвٵ˲ŵġ
ʵ֪շЩ쵽ڸʲôܹշѾǺܲˡ
ʱҪܹ뼸ǴѧĻѾǺܺˡ
ŷЦŵУһǵУҴһҲΪĸУһЩװɡ
һ򣿣
һŷȻһ¾һ˶
һȻ࣬Ҳҵһ⣬УЦɡŷ΢΢һЦ
ʵϣŷϿȥۣһǺٺˡ
һǧôأ
ʮڼƵˣһǧǵҲǸëëꡣ
ֻŷЩԵĿԣֻһ  ̵ʲôడ̫̫ˣŷܰʵһǴǾʲôġ
֪УҲҪҵ˼ŷЦ
̾һͬ۴ѧУû뵽УʱЩϢȴһ
ŷЦŵУʵҲ̫ˣЩ˿æɣôһ˵оԼˡ
ˣ
һ𣬳΢΢һЦ
Уỹһʱ䣬УϣڼǵѧУЩУǣҲֻĹһ䣡
˭ǳУ
һʱ򣬸оЩֺȥһ֮Ϊĸо  꿴һɹʿģҲЩʵǣ
ܣôˣ
ŷԭɳϣһ˵ʱҲվ
Ͷʼܾ  ͶһҷͶҵʽʵ쳣ۺŷΪʲôʶ
ΪڻѰʣ󡰾ŷСĹģ  Ǯ˼֪
ŷۺǳĸߣʵΪԼվݣԼеתʽѹ棡
վ鷳鷳ʼٸ߾Ͷʣ
ͶΪ˻áŷСĹȨǿѹŷľŷУĿľΪ͹ɼۣ  ʱǺýһֵķͶ  ŷûκεİ취ҪͶʻţһʽѣµʱŷС̲  ԭŷʵҲû׼μУ죬һҲķңԼĸУҲҪɢɢʲôġ
ֻû뵽ԼǰŸȻˣ
ѲҲͬ۴ѧУѣ  ĻôԼ»صذ




591У
 

İ칫ң  ͬڳ칫ҵŷֻ΢΢Цһ
ŷڵĿ֮һΪĻױƷƽ̨վѾǴѾá
ҵͬ۴ѧϵҪŷ߰ʱ䡣
ʮǰAĳķͶʹ˾ڵͶʡ
ʱΪûǮֻռ˰ٷ֮ʮĹɷݣɷݱAͶռС
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ҲΪ˽ڽķƽʱٳڹڵҰΧ֮ڣ  ԣһ˺֪˵ģ
ʵͶʵĵڶɶҲͶʵʵȨ
ĿǰѾﵽʮڳϣ  ڵһ飬ʵǵͶԼĹɷռ̫ˡ
ĻԼ۹ڶпܵġ
ҲĲƽ⣬ڵϵа
ŷеĹȨڵص㣡  ʵϣַͨѾعһҲĹ˾ŷĵڶĿ꣡  ϣͨͶʽԼӴľõ۹ֻ˵Ұʵ̫ˣ
УҵƬ
ƺδŷ˵İŷһߡ
ŷʵҲһľᣡ  һԵĳӹƬ˿Ͷʣ˾˵ģܴ󰡣
ŷһԳУͶҹĿǰͶʹ˾֮һ
Ҳͬ۴ѧģû뵽ͬ۴ѧţ˻ࡣ
ʵϣһΰɵ棬ҲоɵĺѶȡ
ϵȻ֪ǽϵôһλţˣȴһֱûĹ
ԭǲмμУģ쾹Ȼˣ  ĿֻһǾŷ  ŷԼ¶֪Ѿʵʩ˶ʮСʱļأ
ͬ۴ѧͬ۴ѧԲɺϣ  УʵԭϵĸǴ绰ҵģ֮ǰһֱȽϵæпգҾ͹ˡ
˵µˮ©ʵĿֻһǾͬΪͬ۴ѧŷ  ͵ŷı֪ŷͬ۴ѧУѵʱûκε  УֲʲôݰͬѧսѰʲôĹϵ浱ͷ飬  ӭӭѧУһУᣬ֪ûʱμӰ
ڵ뷨ǳļ򵥣ֻҪͷˣǶԼһ룡  ʱʤֶһݰգ
ŷ˿ҲЦŵܣû뵽ǻУѰ
ǣҸղſŷܵʱҲЩ찡û뵽㾹ȻҲͬ۴ѧҵġȻĿŷƺ鲢֡
һЦԭʶǺǣǶУѣиҲǺõİ
ų΢΢һЦУ˵ļǰҺŷܻкġľŷеվĿǰڸǢ̸һЩ顭
ŷɫЩ̫ÿ˵Ǣ̸˵Ǳƹˣ  ҲʨӴ󿪿ڣԼѾó˰ٷ֮ʮĹɷݳû뵽ȻҪŷаٷ֮ʮһĹɷݣ  ʲôҲ˵ԭٷ֮ԼľŷУ񶼿첻Լˣ
Щ꣬ΪŷУѾǴȥʮڵͶʣ
ȻʱԵһЩѣѺܿͻȥģ
Ҳ̫ˣ  ŷ˿Ǻǣһ˵Ǹ飬һͶǲǻʲôķǸ˼ȥǲװ
ҪԼٷ֮ʮһĹɷݣ  ʲôأҪܹӦǲŽأ
ŷ˴˵һģӦ֪ġ
˿û߸ŷӣǰʲôӲӵģǾûκεôģ
ŷܣУѵķϣľͲͨһˣҲ֪ڵȽҷ˾Բĺð
ߣ㷭Ҫ㷭ô˽죬ٲһĴ𸴣ǿɾ͹ֲˡ
ŷЦһ־Ϊ˵ŷġ
ŷѾû˻ͷ·ˣҲ˷ܲѣ
ھܹŷаٷ֮ʮһĹɷݣֱ׬ˡ
꿴ŷȻǺˣҲЩε˵ܣŷܣʲô鲻ܺú˵أܰŷҲѧУҵģҪȻһѣ
ŷкøеģ˼һ;һҲ˳æ˵ѣ
Уе飬ǲԸ⿴ֻϧȴˡ
Уҵֲ廰ɣ
ų꣬һҲʱ˭ϲ죬ǶǸȥĽ࣡  һֱӸλ˵һѾϰ˵ʽ
Ե飡




592ŵ
 

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û뵽̬ȾȻ˵Ű裡
ʵʲôϵأ˵Щôǵ飡  ÿͬ۴ѧҵѧôˣĵĻðĶ˰  ֻǸղŷĻǷǳУѶˣҲҪһնѡ
û뵽ȻôĲԼӣʲôⰡ
ĺþ˲𰡣ԼҲͬ۴ѧһ֣õĸ߸ɰ  УҸŷͲҪˣҲܲŵġҵϵ顭
꿴ܣҹܵŹܲŲҪǼȻμͬ۴ѧУˣǾͲҪ̸ϵˣ
бۿ˿У̬ȺһĻҿԿǾǧ˰ĸѧУģʱҲйⰡ
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ľǾһǧֲǸˣǾѧУ
Ѿ費裬Լиëϵ  ȻˣҲй⣬һĳǮҪԼһõͬ۴ѧУͷôܣ
Ҫ쭣ʱȴһ

һγû֮ǰôĳˣһ˿˿ŭ  ˵УôӭҰ
΢΢һЦһֻ˽
շ϶һæˣôҲֻǶһ˸ѣ
ڳ꣬ûʲôǳżշѯУ飬Ҳֻȼ䣡  Ϊӿʼ֪һεģжôӴ
շʵ֪ˣѾûпո̸Щ飬ڵһֱڲֳ  С㰡һ׵ʱҲЦ绨
׿˿ŷ΢΢һЦλӦҵѧɣ
Сְһ£λŷŷܣҲǼϵѧǼϵһѧ
곯׿ĵĽܵһԵýˣͷء
ŷáֵǼϵһ
Уʦ֮бǰҪö˰СǰɣúѧϰԺ϶ܳΪ֮Ű
ŷЩ֣׺ͳĹϵУѧĹϵ֪ĻΪ꽻أ
׿ųƺҲЩֵʵλǡ
㻹ûʸ֪ҵ֣
ҲĳǲԼӰ
Ȼ㲻ӣԼôܸأ  㲻ǸʲôѧŷֱӰһȥ  ûʸ񣡣
˵֮ҲǸоԼһã
꿴ŭһμУģ뿪ﲻӭˣûʸΪ˭
˵ûʸûʸôˣҲŷһŷٸ˵һΣŵ֮ǰҪǲҴ𸴵Ļҿȷĸ㣬ʽԻϣ
̾ԼеǮΪʲôôеҪ¾ŷУ  ǾΪͶʱԴӾŷгʣ  Ͷʵ飬ͶȴԼ飡  ڲϵͶʵӰʵָ󻯡
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ŷһҲ֪ô˵ˣڱ൱Ĳˬ  ׿޵ҲЦһĶ尡˵УУҲһ˵˹ɣ
СְҹʧİĿ˿
΢΢ҡͷҾϲЩûǮȴϲˣƤӵˣΪԼһЩ˵İǣʵҿǸɵ棡
Ǯ׿˿Ц
ҿɲ˵Ǯ˵һЩġٺһЦˣҵʱܱ󣬽Ϊ˿ĸУ
Ǹʲôģ׿ųʵ
˵ǸܴͶʹ˾ܣƬ꿴׵
Ƭһˣ
Ͷܾ  ȫĽڲĦͶʹ˾  Ħŵĵһ̳˷ƶĦһԷƨţעСӵù  ׵˼˵ʵһ˻û㲻ģ  ȻˣҪ۵ĻӦһ޵еĸоˣ




593ŲͶʣ
 

Ħ£
׿˿Ȼû뵽СӾȻĦϵ
ŷ˿ѾǸˣѧܰʵ㲻֪Ͷʲֻаٷ֮ʮĹɷݣȴͶҪıȡ˽
ŷҪǽҾͨͶı˽ôأҪȻȥĦȥҷҰ
˵ԼĵģҪҷǾԲܵ飡  ĦűAŷҪȥҷȻǹŵģ  ˵ˣԼΪͶıͶʵ˻һ˵Ļ  ͶʵڶĹɶʲô  ԼĽŷиչʱ򣬵ʱŷһˮѣ
˷ʲô˻Ȼǲܵģ  㡭ǼΪҲ𣿡ŷݺݵ˵
ʵѾƵ׼ˣȻҲ֪ԼҲù
ΪԼʧˣ˭һʧߵأ
ԼûʧܵĻǾ˵ˣ˼Ħŵ˾ͻ  ΪҪһǣĦŵʶ˸ӴŵĹϵ Լȥһ  ȻǸԼ̸ʵʱʵʲ϶;
ҲɵԼԼǮɷݰɣ
ĻĦŵ˿֪ˣ
ҵƣЦŷѾһʮʧߡ
Ҳֻʧ߲ܹ˵۳в
׿˿΢΢ҡͷΪԼǮ˲ˣΪͬ۴ѧѧеͬΪУѣбҪϾɱ𣿡
СӣҪǻҸҺֵĻŲҵҲ
СһֱԼĸǰߴߴ۵ģҲЩͷ
Լֵ˵  ˵Լ䣬ǿܹܣϾ˼һѧУ⼶ء
ѾһϵһҲҸԼа壿ǻˣ
ŷ׵ѧܣһʶˣʲô鶼óҸҵľŷоƲҲģ
Ǿƺˡ΢΢Цһ
ͳֻ˿ЦЦŲͶʹ
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˶סˣһղ˵ԼͶʹ  һԵŷ˵˺Ҳקק׵ѧܣûбҪһ
꿴˿ף֪һЩģ
˼ҺôҲʶŷκͼ˰ûв죡
ΪоСЩأκε鶼൱ţ
˹ˣСӸղ˵ʲôû˵һ飡
һͶģȻԼĶǰ˴գ˼Ҫһ飡
׸һȻҪĻҲûа취ţ  ĵ绰ֱӾƮ˸󣬸˿ͬ۴ѧһҾƵ棬ΪϲҪμУᣡ  ԰ʱǴӳ֮󣬾˸طס  ԼŷƶĦҲûκεԥ  Ȼ֪׷ʲô飬˵һ仰ȻҪѭİ
׹绰ʱҽ쵹ҪôҴͶʹģ
׸ղŴ绰ˣУ绰ѣ
һССļϵһȻԼĸǰôţ
׹绰һԵĳҲǿ׵˵Сְ㡭㡭
УȻҪôģǾˣһѹЦŵ
ѧܰ㲻֪Ͷʵʵʶʵûõġ
ŷźԵĸдģʶ˾Ҫ⵹ĻͰ⵹һüˡ
ʵϣһAĦܲһ˻ǰ첻
ȻͶĦֻһеȹģĹ˾ɱϾǿͶʣӳ̶Ȼǲһġ
׹һЦ˵Уͬ۴ѧѧôĲ֪ߵغ𣿡
꿴ӣҲЦһܱЩ˵ĵ֪ҪǿöĶɣ
˵꣬Ҹ㲻ţΪϼΪԼУжô˲𣿡ӶĳԼҲŭˣ  꿴ЦһϼҪҪҵĵ̣뿪
һֵĵ̣֪ΪʲôϴأҪߣڵСӰҺͶʰ𣿡
Цĺܸ䣬Ҫ˵ǿԼǰţ³ʲôģ




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ͬ۴ѧУ칫ң
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һ׻ƣҪ켸гԼļӹ˾ģ  ȻˣһжҪȵ⸥ܹ֮ȥ
ӣĦҲҪģ  ҪȻĻʱμֱˣ⵽ʱܶҵ񶼺ѿչˡ
μΪеҵǵʵǷǳǿġ
ƿ˷ţһүһɳ˶ȣ׵վһԣ  һĲˬԼ˵ĸǰȻôţ  
ƶĦ֮ǰ֡
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һԵĸǶһЩƶһ£ǵھ˵Ļ  ƶĦɫһΪʲôҪǣ
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𣡣  ڹ⣬Ҳһְ  ֻڸͷƶĦУֱͲֵһᣡ  𣿣ƶĦ˿һЦ˳ٺһЦǺǮ
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д˲ţЩһﲻǸղС·ԱɣһݵģǺ񰡣
ƶλܿǴͶʼŵܾ׿ŷƶЦŵ
ͶʼţƶסˣͶʼ֪ġ
һδA׻ͶʵļĿУͶʾһ  û뵽һﾹȻͶʵܾ֪ģֻ˻ûļ
ߣղһ˵ҪҴͶʹ˷ôʱ䣬ҪôͶʹģ˵ʵһܹ
ǲа˵һּ谡
һССڶѧȻ˵ԼͶʹҪ
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һԵĸŷƶƶ㻹˼𣿡
ðɣƶЩźʼ磬ҲƲƲ  ŷƶҵȴıݡ
Һҵĸ㣬ˣƶԴĬ˵
ʲô桭һ㶣
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ƶĦ΢΢һЦʵĿǰͶѾһѭҲν飡
ֻܶˣҲҪжĥɱ¿ѣ  飬ƶĦҲһ֣һʲô˲õҪȥأ
ĿǰĦҪλӲӲĻ¶Ҫ˼˼ˣ
ŴôţҲŭǹŰ˭
ҽзƶĦ
ƶĦԭЦѾǳ׵ʧˡ




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ΪĦŵĵһ˳λ̳˵־ͽƶĦ˶˵̬ȣ˻ˣ
ƶĦûκεԥΪͶʵĴɶĦʽ㱻ˡĹɷݣʱǻһģ
һ̱˵ϣôҲû뵽ƶĦȻط
ˣߵʱһƬį
һԵŷͳĦŵļ̳˰ôطأ  ׿֮һʲô
꿴ĭСְ⡭λǡ
ƶĦĦŵĵһ˳λ̳ˣһҲӦμͬ۴ѧУġ
ЦŵҲǸһεһЩġ
Ħţǿǿҵû뵽С㾹ȻĴҲˣ
Щ𾪵ĿʵȻҲû뵽ӵġ
׿ųУУϵУǷֿеģУǾͲμˣֻͨ⡭
С˵ãĦż̳˵ļ룬УĹģǿǲһ˰
׵ͷĳУߵʽʼ֮ǰŵӦ֪ͨѧУȫѧͬ۴ѧͳһУ˰ɣ
ѾλϵδкˣӦûġҾһǲЩ̫ϸ˰ŵȻ˾ִڡ
ȻһεУҲЩڴշЩˡ
ҡҡͷУҲô˧һЩϾΪͬ۴ѧУӦûһĻʣ
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ֻҪ򵥡ϵΣܹӵʱ䣬ҪĶ
ʵҲ֪Щɲص㣬ЩʱһĻʾܹŪһСʱ
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Уô˵ɣĽĿŷǳĶ࣬ûôʱ˷ѵġ׳
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ʵҪˣϾ˵Ϊĵľϵᣡ  Уʵ˵Ѿûʲôþˣ
ܷѹʽĻѧǿϵУа  ŵû˵׿ųʵǳƵ˵û˵ŵŵ˵Ҳ֪
ЦЦҲǣŵ֪İɡ
ֲùֲã˵ء΢΢Цŵ֮ǰһֱΪŵء
ڿԼ˼ŵˣ˼ҲǸող֪μһУ
УȻˣҲˣϣ㲻ҪΧɢ飬ʱλɶ˰
ôֲʲôݳᡭһԵŷЦŵ
ʹһ߸ӦûʮλҵбݡЦŵ
٣ոƽһӼˣʮλʹڣ
Уı̲˹JAY-HĳҲᵽ»ѧӡһѶĴҲ
΢΢һЦһ֣һԵĳŷѾǲ֪Ӧ˵ɶˣ  𾪣ɣ  һ˲ڳŷ۾̫̫˼
оԼе±ˣĻУ˼ǴƺҲϲݰ
꿴׵⡭ôеء
ŷҲ̾һ˵ѧܰ㲻Ѱİɣ͹ڵ⼸λ󿧣ûиһ벻ϵľ͸̸ˡ
ǰС֣ŷ˵ҵҲ֪һЩģһôˣǵûǮҲǾˡ
׿ųŷЦŵҲûлǮУ͸˵ˣһεУеķöаһһֱûüУк
С˵ʲôккģΪͬ۴ѧ׿ԽĹװһӿ
ЦŵһЩʲôģʱУ϶ҲῴһǸϲɣ˵ǣһУ⣬һǵͬ۴ѧһһʮУ죬ڶ⡭
еڶ⣿ʵ
һڶһױƷƷᡭ




596±ͬѧ
 

ͬ۴ѧ׵ᣡ  ״ӳǱ߳ԺֱԼȥ
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Уǿһֲٰ飬϶ҲѧУæˡ
Ҫͬ۴ѧУϿƷ飬ûκ顣
ͳ˼Сôվ̨ǾǸͬ۴ѧӰ
ҳ꾹Ȼ˵һεҪֱ
Ϣ֮󣬳ɲͬ۴ѧѧˣ뵽˸࣡  ͬ۴ѧȫչʾԼʱˣֲ֮ǰҪЩѧǶУ
˼ѾǿǵһУ
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ֻû뵽׻ˣʧָ֮羹Ȼˣ  ٣ָ磬һ׾ЩüŪ۵ʵ
ôˣСü۵Ҫʲô׿ʵ
۹һЦûɶûɶ˵ָ磬Уᰡ˵
Ҳ˵֮ǰһʱš
Ҳ𾪲ѣһʱ쵹ʵĺܣ  һԵַһֱŵڿţƺ׻ûôע⣡  ˵СӸʲôأûָ𣿡
ۿַ־˳˶ŵǿţǲǵ۷׷׵ʱЩջ˵
ָ˰ַ־˳ͬʱվ̳أͬ۴ѧ̳ɼռ˰
ʲôռˣЩɵĿ˿ַ
ָ磬治֪Ǽٲ֪Щͬ۴ѧѧ˸ˡַһԵ
־˳ҲǵͷѧǶˣѲɾǿУᣬǿô
ַͷǰѾ˺üˣԽԽǰѧСһ٣
ƢַЦŵ
ָ磬Լʲôͬ۴ѧԺиѧʲôͬ۴ѧУʹһߴ󿧡
ַһ˵˵ҲͰЩӶ˵ˡ
Ϊͬ۴ѧһԱ˭ӵʱжǲġ
ΪʲôϾЩѧΪѪȺ壬Ҳȣ  ׿˿ַô֪˹ʹڵһߴ󿧣
ָ磬ҸЦذⲻžڷ˵˭ôǰǴҲôǰɣַŭ˵
־˳ҲЩ˵ָ磬ǲ֪ѧ֮ǰУʱ˼ǣУ֮мòģǾǣϲʶXXXǣúʶһȥѧУһ
ָ磬ҴѧǸˣһҶɵĳ϶ը˰ͬ۴ѧѧһֱǾϵһοˡ
ַһĴͷɥȻΪһͬ۴ѧѧ˵ǽܲ˵ģ
׿˿ַ־˳˵ûǰɣУỹûнأô֪ûѧúأھͿȷĸǣȽͬ۴ѧУὫԶıǣ
ָ磬˵ɶԶǣɶ˼ַЩ͵ʵ
һԵ־˳Ҳ۾һ˵ָ磬ɶĻϢɣ
׿־˳ַЦŵֵ ҸҲ޷СӦ֪һЩ˰ɣ
Ҳô˵䣬ҸоզôأҲͷ
˵۸磬Ͳ˼˰ɶĻϢҲ͸¶һ¸ǰɣַƵ˵
缸ҲȷָϢΪ׼ָϢΪ׼۴Ź˵
һǺúʰʰϿȫֱѧУˣʱ򲻵ʲôĹӢ׵˹ٷӺͿɪҲӦμӡ
΢΢һЦԼ⼸ֵܣǵҲ޷ġ
ɶɶ⣿˹ٷӺͿɪ˵ָ磬ļٵİ㲻ذɣַһʵ
Цŵ˵ĻǶˣ
ţţŰ־˳̵ͷָ磬⡭ⶼģ
ǣġЦŵ
ţ氡ָ磬ž˸о˷ܰҵҪ˽ǰѧĻôţ
ַƺһڶҪһ㣬˿ȥҲ쳣˷ܣ  һԵ־˳׵ǡǸָ磬ܸܲ˹ٷӺͿɪϸӰ˰
У󣬸Ҵ绰ˣ˲ǿԣҲЦ
ʵ۵˿Щˣô£  ڴУҲһ׼ʼˣ




597ǰ
 

㣡  ͬ۴ѧ  ˿̵ѾϯмЩŵĹϯ֮⣬ͬ۴ѧĽְʦԼȫظУǶѾã  ҹǺӡƹ貣  ȾʮŨأ  ȥͬ۴ѧôоǿݳᰡ
ɲզΣ֮ǰȥѧУᣬǽһᰡ
Ļͬ۴ѧУ᣿⵵ζ˦ʮ˰
һᵽѧҾȻãǲҲûð
ϣܹһǹʱѧЩһ϶ˣ
ͬ۴ѧλϣܶ˶۷׷ף˭Ҫӣ
ˣʵЩʱӿıʲôҪҪ  ѧУᣬѾΪ˱ˣ  ЩǿǱѧǰ˸ûطվˣҪһѧУٲĻǵʱͬ۴ѧ˰
̨·Źϯ  һλµǰ棬ʱƻͨܶһУȻˣҲ۷׷ף  ˵꣬ʲô˼
һͿ̨ǵ̨ҪãоЩ
϶ǹԼصعΪ˿ͬ۴ѧЦ  û뵽껹±ǮȻһѤ̨
һﲻǳĵʲô  ֻ϶ָܵģҲְ̫
˵Уզˣ
˿̵ĳһŵЦݣ˵Ҫһ  ֮ǰǿͬ۴ѧУô  ǽҪ׵׵һ֪֪ʲô  զˣҾţŭͷŭطʲôⰡ
һѧУţ
ȻڳİŷǳĲ⣬ͬ۴ѧ˼ţ˹أ
ЦŵУܹܲˣһελֲҰŵġ̰ŵġ
ʹ㣬һУỵ̃㻹˰м˵
꿴΢΢һЦ˵Уһʱѧѧ궯һֱͬ۴ѧѧǿ̣Ӧ֪ɣ
ôΰ˵˰ôҵģʵãҵǰȥһȥأ
˵УȻѾˣǿ϶б˵õĺܣһʶˡ
꣬ҽ쵹Ҫ·ɣҪǵʱ²̨ĻԺûùӳ԰
ڱľˣļȻһߣɱϾҪϺܶࡣ
꿴˵ȥѧμУʱҺҲڶŰɣǵһţզذ
ҺôҲǸĵڶŰɣ͸ţֱǿЦ
ȫֱ㶮ŹϯѾܲˡû˵
ղ˵ɶȫֱһ⿪ʼţƵӣҲˣ  ЦʲôЦȫֱɶЦİƵ˵ʵڶЩʲôȫֱ
˼СѾ˵ˣôĴǰ  ھȫֱҲЩԵģϾôǣӦû˿ġ
úúãҵҪȫֱǸôֱһ°˸ӿ˿꣬ϳ˼֮ɫ
꿴˿ҪʲôʣһῪʼˣɾûʱ˰
˵갡һƤôôأһһ׵ǰѧʱôûзôأ
˵ЦȻڵţȥ  㣡
ʲô˵ĵطҲҪס  أ
һ˲䣬еĵƹȫϨ𣡣  ˿ں̨ĺϣǳĽţΪһԱЩҪһĳ  ÿһ˺涼ż򵥵ĽܣЩǵʱÿһҲҪһһܣ
ǿ󣡣
ûиоģ͸оһǿ󣡣  ʷʫݣ벻ŶѰ  ϣһӾҪˣֱƿмǺĻסĵطӲ෽ʼ֮󣬽ܵһ볡ʱ򣬾ͻĺĻס򾲣һҪ򾲣
շѾʼźϣָӵ
ĺϣʢװϯ΢΢ͷԶׯһϺɫǳгŵʣ




598ʽʼ
 

м̨ĺ󷽣ǹԱڵĵط
ϣһϵƽԼ˼  ַǳĳĿᶨĳ˹ȥ  ƹȫϨ𣬴˿̾۹ֻкϣȶ˵Ӱ
ϣʾԲκһˣĳͬ۴ѧʦǵһ󻶺
λ쵼λλϺãǱͬ۴ѧһһʮУ˺ϣ
ߵ𣬺ϣĴĻߵ̨ǰ
ͬ۴ѧУȫһýֱͬҽͬ۴ѧлŷšµʯ͡ϻױƷԱУ֧֣
ϣĳ֣ʵҲ̫ĺ䶯ϾڶʦⲻһССѣ  е̫˰ɣȫֱͬ
߶˴ϵΰѧУУ쾹Ȼȫֱˣ
ûţֻиţȫֱһѧǰһ͸˰ɣ
ҿҲǣ⵵ΣһǲȫֱҲŵǻ겻ˣ
µѧ˵ЦʵҲȫֱʵ̫ˡ
ԼѧУĶǿɶ취ʱܲ˵ԼѧУĶðɣ
ӲͷƤҲ˵ԼѧУǺõİ  ϯϣ  ꣬ⴵţĹҲ̫ɣԼԼǲǣ
ϣ˵֮˶Цˣ  ŷţµʯͣ  ⲻǳأ˼ƾʲô㰡һУѣ˼Ǯյûţ  ЩҵĹڴҲܴУ԰İɣ
ѧһУΪ֮ǰһЩУѾĻҲŲô  ͬ۴ѧѧҲɲܴţư
꿴˵УԼ㻹ˣ
ɲҲŰϲ̡һԸѧĲУʱҲЦŵ
УͳһЦԩҵҿɲͣ
˵ϲ̰㻹ܶ㰡˵ʵô𣿳СҪҪϰˣǷڵţƵ˵
Уһֵźðǰ滹أ
Աߺͺ浹һЩУ쵼ʲôģܽһЩ쵼Ҳˡ
ǰžȻǱߣһ˶û  ѾʼˣЩ˾ȻһûֱǸЦ  ЦˣЦĺܿģ  ϣܹЦڿνǰŹտҲܲˣ  ˲˹ˣ
ųԼЩãȻӣ΢΢һЦ˵갡꣬ǰŲΪ˶һ£ȻǱߣ
ҡ
һҲ֪˵ʲôˣʵһʼΪǰŵĹһ֡
ڿȥһĶҲûаôλܲĶһЩ׵ɣҲܰ
ʲôңҿǹҪҳ࣬ñһǰɣ
ұʲôû˵
ٺһЦҹЦ֪ǵȲѧᣬôһǰɣ˵갡꣬㻹ɰ
ǲμģҪô㣬һûǸȤƵ˵
꣬ҿҪӻȻҪҾˣЦһ
ڿ࣬϶ǳˣ
ڵȴȴͬ۴ѧνУʽʼ
ʵϣʵѾʼˣ
ͬ۴ѧ̨֮ϣ˶עŻͲĺϣ
ϣһǻӭһμͬ۴ѧУһЩαҪӭǻŷŶ³
ϣ䣡
ĺĻһӨ͸ˮǰ  ɵˣǺϣҲЩɵˣ  Ǵ͵Ŀƺ˼ľ  ʵ̫ۼһֵĸоˣҪȻշöĻǱأ  ⡭ͬ۴ѧôŲ̛ô֪
ʵ̫˰Ҫվ棬Ǹоǹһ㰡
û뵽ѧУĴ뷨̫ˣ
ĥʲôϽշȦȫ׸涼ͬ۴ѧˣһѧNɪP
£һըˣ  ȻˣǸһˮƷֱȻɡ񹤰
Щѧ˵ЩѾܹѧĳЦ
ûһöȻһ˷ܣ˻  ͬ۴ѧѧ֮ǰҪ̫̫ˣ




599
 

ǲǲ
ϵпһƬӲͬǶڹˮ
ǱһųģһųǷǳĽģ  ׻Ƶ׸ݺ͵λ׻ƻ൱ĸߵġ
ǽҪ԰һܹһãܹһ𺳵Ч
ͬ۴ѧһУᣬӻһ̣ʵɽѾϵĿʼˣ
棿㾹Ȼ˻棬ֲ꣬ôΪ˸ţˣҵ֮һѣֲǿҵ֧ŵģ
һĲоЩԾˣ
ղſˮһ̣Ҳ𾪲ѣ
ȻԼҲԸϣʵϹˮ˵ѧѾǲܹᲢ۵ˣ  ǵƹӳµˮ磬̲סҪֻȥˡ
ΪֵĻ
꿴ͨӣ¶һ˿΢Цδ˵  Ϊ֪кܶ˶ûгء
һԸѧĲУ΢΢һЦ˵һҪԸͷ˰û뵽ϳ¾Ȼ˶ˡ
˸ʲô˲ģ֪ĻΪʲô׸ء
ʱ̬ѾЩʧˣопҪһˡ
У΢΢ҡͷǻȼɣ
ͨˮ߲֮ˮ̨֮ϣԼҲֱ̫ˣ  һȦк֮ҲȻ˹ϯĵţ
ŻƽҲǸŻȻ˵ţ
ƽĳ֣û̫ע⣬ϾͻƽǸ֮ȶвСĲģ
һλûˣΪ׿Ѿǹˣ  ҪļαˣһĹαнʮλ
ʮλǷֱԲͬҵͼ壬һЩǵ͵ߣһЩǸ߸ϵĵ  Ĺϯϣ
ͻƽܿ˵ŵм䣬һԵŻͻƽ̳̽Ȼ˵ţЩĴǰȥ
˵ƶôǰ氡ŻͻƽЩʵ
һԵĳ꿴ҲЩ˵˵ʲô˼
ͷ˿Ҳ΢΢һЦʵǣ
ѧУ΢΢һЦܵ
ԭУžͺˡ浹Ҳ֪һź͵ڶŵİţ
˵һ鶼ûУװλûκε⣡
˵ˣڵĻͻƽںʲôطһǸоԼ׬ˣ׵׬ˣ
Ź죬ƷƻļֵӦֹһ̨ˣ
ͣ嶼ûˣ  ƶǫ鲻Ҫɱһ˻ɾͲǫ˰̵
УҸƶҲҪһŰϧûʸ񰡣ʼ
ͻƽһεתͷȥǿʼһЩҵˡ
ЩĿѾתͷȥĻͻƽһƬãȻ  ûʸ
ʲôûʸȫ׸һŵʸûⲻǿЦ  ̨֮ϣ  ϣѾǽҵļԱЩƽʱΪ൱ĵ͵ǿ̫Ч  һЩҺýѾʼˣ
Щ׻ƵȷǲôڹǾްԼﰡ
񻪽ƺô׻Ǽֱǵ׷ˣ  ܿź͵ڶѾˣ  ϣһȻ¶һ˿ЦݵŰŸܲɶĦŸ߼ܲ÷ƶĦ˷ղŸܲüķԼ˹²Ÿܲ˹
꣡  Щ弸׻ƶǶģ˹¼ܶ˷ǳİ֮⣡  ĦšŰš˷ղ׻ƵɲڻŷŰ  ܶ˶֪ԵĴſҪȻŷҪţĶˣ
֮ǰЩźͼѾ˿ʼѯˣ  ܶѾ֪˸ղЩ˵ţԣڵڶŵЩˣۼ𼶱İ
һЩ̱Լλϣ˶±ˣ  ˲֪Щ壬ȴ֪һ
ܶ˲֪ڴ֮ǰѧϵΣϵĽڰ  Щ˼ܶ඼ǽ̿龭䰸ģ֪ܲ  𾪣
˿̣ĺЩоˣ˵ͬ۴ѧµĻôǸө֮⣡




600ӺĹ
 

һƬ֮̾
ôţ˳ͬ۴ѧУϣһĿϾӵĸо
ʵЩȻ̽࣬ʵڶǵĹĲ̫ߣ  ô˾ۼһ𣬵Ҳγһķ羰ߣ  ϣһ𾪵ݣ˿̵ҲԵøΪĴݲȣ
λ밲ϣһƣܶ˶ڴĿźϣ  ϣ΢΢һЦ룬ͬ۴ѧһһʮУ죬ΪĿˡ
ϣͣˣǵͣˣ
˶סĿźϣĦšŰŵЩ˶Ŀ
Ѳɽ컹ʲôĿҪ֣
ǰɣУͬ۴ѧҪ𣿡
ѧѾ˰Ҫ֣ǶҪˣ
ɲզΣǿǰһλѾ˶ʮˣѲ׸Ҫ𣿡
ҿ԰ڴɣҵҪʲô𾪵ҡ
һ˽ӿʼڽȥʮӵʱ䣬Ѿ𾪵Щľˣ  ֱͨͨһԵĸѧĲУҲǾ㵵˵˵ϳ£㡭ôģҷ㣡
ɫ൱ѿһԲĶ̨ϿţƺûУ˵ʲô
꿴ŲУϲ̰ȿ˭ְɡ
ͲҪӣȸһ²УУΪڴ˵
ڲУ֮󣬺ϣһεͣԼĪʮ֮УӢ׻ҵ˹ٷӺͿɪ¡صǳ

֮ɽХһ㣡
˹ٷӺͿɪ˶оԼˣþô
Ǹղ˹ٷӺͿɪ
ûǣ
ͷɫʹڵĿɪ˹ٷӳˮ֮ŵʱȫˣ
˶վеֻǵ  һʱͬ۴ѧâҫ  ˹ٷӺͿɪ˰˰֣ʼմ˵Цݣ  ϯ棡
⡭ôܣ
ˣʲôʱǸͷ
ղΪƶĦķ˷ѾţûѵʱһξȻֱ˸ը  ˹ٷӺͿɪⲻըʲôأ
ܣһûʤ׵׵ܣ
ԭΪԼǹЦģ˼ʵ˲κεķ֮  У˵òһγ׵׵ˡ㣬ҿκ˭Ҳϳһǰţˡ
ɫ֮ɫ˿һԵͲУˣ
˹ٷӺͿɪѾǳΧʱŬĴ֮ɫ˳  ΪװĿź𣿡
ϡʡˣ׵׵ķˣ
Ҫ֪ôĻ´Ҳģˣ֮ȴһˣ
УỹûʽʼЩ֮ˣѾǺ䶯ȫˣ  ˹ٷӵУһͲһƿµĻױƷӣԼ˵Цݵλ˹ٷ򣡣
˹ٷ˹ٷ򡭡
ͬ۴ѧǰѧһǴ˼Ѫһ˷ܣ  ҴӢ׻ףͬ۴ѧһһʮУ죬ԸλʷƾõУܹķ󡭡˹ٷ΢΢һЦ
£һҵ˵һͬ۴ѧ֪Ѿǿʼˣ  ˹ٷ΢һᣬȻԼ־Ͽˮıʯ
ⱦʯۼΪȴӦΪһƷ
Ҳ״ǿƵһƷΪӦġ
ֻҪʱƷȥˣЩ۸߰ĲƷȻʽģ
˹ٷ˼ᣬҲҪΪƼһƷ׻ƵĶױƷϣ
˹ٷû˵ֻ̫࣬ƼһױƷȻſɪȥˣ  һͷˮ
ԭһʼ˼˵˼Ǵһ£ɺ׾һЩ  ܹݣ  뷨˹ٷƼױƷױƷͻΪѣ
ֻҪˣһоOKˣ  Խ࣬Խ˵ķУĹ淽ȴ쳣Ч
УᣬͰһεĹ棬һζѣ  ͲУĽ۹У̨ʼԼ򵥵ĿĻʣ  ӵʱ䣬꼸Ϊͬ۴ѧһĹ棡  ʱ򣬳ٹ⣬˸о쳣˷ܣ  ˿̣˿źϣһε̨ǰʱҲǻڴĿ⣬ϣϣܹһεĴϲ  ϣ֪˿̵Ѿըˣ
һʱѰͷ˹ٷӺͿɪҪĶ࣡




601µ̨
 

̨̨ؿУ
ؿٲȻΪ˽̨ķֱӽ̨ĿǰͷĳλŮ˸ˣ
ûκ׵ľ͸ˣԭϣźǿȴһֱ־ѩĩŶؿļУ
ʱؿڼиԼźŮŷѩĵһ˱  ˵ѩ簡Ǹʲôˣණʲô
ؿдһ˿Ц⣬̨֮󣬿νƹܶ˵
ؿӲɲҸΥҼ͵飡
ֻһЩ̾ʲôģյ̾ʲôģƽʱԼԳԺȺȵҲûˡ
ؿã׻˵ú̾Ʋּң  ڵλؿƽʱ̵ҲֻͣǱ˲֪ǣڼҳ̵ˡ
λЩ֪ؿı֮ҲʲôǮƷʲôˣ֪ؿ϶ա
ʱŪôΣԴͳһʼ;ˣ  ֻ̾Ƶȴһһεѩǿǻ˽Ԫƿƺ̣  ؿȻʶ֮ˣһܹ֪̾ƵļֵԼˡ
ѩ翴ؿ̨طˣ˼ʱ
ϣСưҿҪ˵˵˰֮ǰҲǰҴ绰̨ļԶٱ㷹ɶ
ؿװЩ˵üͷѾ
һؿķҲ΢΢һЦ˵ذ㻹Ͻĺͬ¼
ѩЦŵطˣҪæԼͳɣǳԷԷ
ҲԵĲˣǺðܹڼ΢ϢϢؿĴԼĶͳһ̣  ѩԭ̻ĲǺϤϤˡ
֮ǰȥЩʱѯһ顣
ؿŵǸƿӻӡẓ̇Ҳ֪֮𣡣
֮𲻵ְޱߣ۸ҲǲƵİ  һ̿ǱǾ֮Ҫãһ̾Ҫǧ࣡
ؿ˿ѩ˵ѩ簡Ǹʲôİ
ѩ翴ؿ΢΢һЦǸ̨ҲжûеˣⲻɩӺ
ؿŮոնһǽѧѧ
һʱлõˣʱϿء
һ˵ԼҲǳѩЦЦá
ؿԼɵŮҲЦŵѾͷ治£п㶼˼Ұ
֣ҲǸ˵ڿأ
ڿûʲôйԼϰǱ߳ڵȴſͬ۴ѧء
ѧͬ۴ѧУ֮Ѿ˰Ȼĳ̶ˡ
ѧһֱռϷģڵȻϣͬ۴ѧ˶ˡ
ؿѩЦŵڵЩ˰̫ˣ
̨ǹǫ˰ʱ˽иԣҿͲ
ѩƨĵĵҲ൱Ȼȫ˸о
ؿطɳϣ˲赹ˮȻΪѩˡ
ط˼װ˵С㿴㵽ǼͣҪææȥģǹⲻȥ˰
ɩӣҿɶǸ쵼ǸɹҪѩҲЩҪˣΪԼǰ;һжֵõġ
ؿһЦ˵Сưǰ㻹ЩⰡû뵽˻ǲ
ѩʼ쵼Ҳ̨֪Ҳôˣһν̨ѵҲûвμӵˣ⽭ӻƽ𵵵˱Ҹϣġ
˵Сưϣ˵Ӧ֪ɣ磬Ѿ˺ϣˡؿ
һԵط˵Сô°ôû˵鰡
ֻܹС̫ˣ˶¶ؿⶭ¶ʲôӦöɣҲ̫
ԭ˰ѩһֱΣû뵽ϣԼ  ؿ˿ѩЦŵСưúøɣѾˣʱƽ𵵵һȡ
лл쵼лл쵼Ժ쵼ʲôҪ֨ѩվϹ
ؿ˿ѩǸʲôϣˣúúŬ
ϣ֣ղ˵ĺϣǲǰ˵̨ǸŮ˰ʵ
ôˣؿԼŮʵ
Լֻ˹ЩƵָϴһźϣֳֵƬʵ֣˵ǲô




602²
 

ؿļУ  ԼŮֻϵƬؿҲüͷҺǵͲμӹһְɣʲôʱƬô֪
һԵطҲǿŵذʲôأ˼ǰģ
ؿ֣Ҿһľ
ʲôľ˵һСӼҼҵĶʲôؿ
ҪѩˣŮ˵ؿ  ˼ѩ⻹ûأ˵˼Сʲôطվ
ɲô࣬͸ղ̸ʮӣѾǱˣ
ͬ۴ѧУֱѾѸٵĳΪŻ⣡
ڼ·һĻⶼǸйصģ  𱬣𱬵Ѿ˸оЩԲˣ
Ȼͬ۴ѧУŸոտʼĿǰϣѾΪѰĵһ
ѰĵһζʲôŴҲ֪ģ  ˼ϾҪΪˣȻǸѧʵĲرĶ  ʵ鲻˼Ƕ̫̫ˣ  ǸոմƬֱֳ㿪Ǹϣ˼ͬ۴ѧУأ
һУѾӦԼؿЦһ
ѩҲЦŵ̨û뵽ϣӦǿǰŸߺžȻȥ͸˼ҵˣǸЦ
ǽ̨߳ȥ֮ٲȻѾҵıֶ
ؿѩ䳰ȷʵؿԲϵͷġ
ԭϣһصĶ
ҪȻҲϣȥμѵȻǶԺϣġ
Ϊ˶¶һоˣ
¶ʲôˣ˼ҶָͷܹѺϣˣ  ֣㻹Цóһĵÿޣ֪˼һζʲô𣿡
˵ô˵أûûµģЩֵĿԼŮЩǸȻĿѩСư㿴ЦˣѾͷС߳Ƣ
֣ϣڳˣ
һУܳʲôطȥֲϴСֵĸʲôΪѧĳһ㶫ǳҪô׾ͳˣҵҲԸȥˣ
ؿЩм˵˳ȥףʵǷǳѵġ
ǧ˹ľŵ֣
ԼѾͷΪϣһĿܹˣ
ѧǻˣԶأ  ֣֪˼ͬ۴ѧһĶʲô֪˼һѾ𱬵ʲô̶˼ҺϣѾѰĵһ֪𣿡
ЩĿԼϰ֣Ȼϰֿ»֪԰ɣ
˵ĸʲôʲôѰһطһԼŮ˵ĺͦصģҲʵ
һԵѩɴ۾ղ˵ʲôѰһôأ
Լϰѩ֣㻹ǵ֮ǰҸ˵ѧУ𣿺Ҹ˵кöͬѧȥͬ۴ѧ̳ȥ˼˵ġ
ǵãôˣѧУ࣬ЩҲǿؿǲΪȻ˵
˼ͬ۴ѧУ죬֣ˣ˵ָƵ˵ԼϰҲ̫Ϊˡ
ԼѾϴѧˣıǷǵû
ûصزĻҲܸԼϰ۵ġ
٣˼ʲô֮ǰѧ˼ˣҲô˵İϰֿǽ̨̨ʲôûм
ؿԼŮʵ̫Сˣûмӵİ
طҲЦŵĲ˵ּ˿ܱԹζ࡭
ƲƲ桢ƽ縻λĵθǿҵĦš˷ղšŰš˹²ŵȵȵļ̳ˡ
ȵȵȵȡؿԼŮ˵ûջ˰ɣЩôܳͬ۴ѧУأ
Լϵǲţֱӵ㿪һСƵԼɣ
ؿ˵۾ôǰƵֻƵĺϣ΢΢һЦӢ׻ҵ˹ٷӺͿɪ¡صǳ
Ȼ󣬾Ϳ˹ٷſɪ߹ˮ֮ŵĳ
Ƶһӵʱ䣬ɾһӵʱȴؿˣ  ⡭˭ڶ㰡ؿ֮ɫһ
㣿֣Ҹȫֱȫֱ㶮𣿡
塭
ؿһȫֱʱǰһڣʱĵ绰Ѿˣ




603Ļ
 

ιؿ
ؿЩʧǵĽŵ绰һԵѩѾǳ׵ɵˡ
˹ٷӺͿɪȻһССУϣôأ  ؿŵ绰ʱѩѾóԼֻʼŹͬ۴ѧУˡ
һ֮Ȼּȫǹͬ۴ѧУ飡  ϣ֣ȻѰĵһ֮ϣ
һ鶸Ȼ˶оЩ  ؿԳӣ
绰ͷһͳѾǴؿĶУѾϤĲܹϤˡ
Ĺ㴫ýŶ³и쵼Գӣ
ǿĶͷ˾˵ֱӾͿԾؿ˵ˡ
ʱԶĵ绰ؿпһ£
ԶСذؿЩͳ˵
Գӳϣô£˭㿪ģ
Զҡ
˵֮ǰ֪Ϣʱؿ˵˶¶ſ˺ϣ
˵ˣʲôҲ˵ˣ
Գӳؿؿǵ̨׳һˣ㾹Ȼˡʲô֪ע𣿡
ԶҸղڳԷؿŵ绰ѾǶ
Է㻹ԷҸؿҪһҿϣڵλϰ࣬ͲҪϰˣ
Գ˵ֱӰѵ绰ҵˣʵҲ  ؿһбƵŮԱʵҲҪ߳ģǶѾ˰칫Զϵͳ  ԳΪŮԱʲô飬Ҳûͬˣ  û뵽һͬⲻҪžͳˣ
ϣŮѾΪҵֿȵ
ԤǣδŮǱ޵ģ
Щʱһ˲飡  ϣˣŻԳӵĹע绰
ϣĻһӶ˼ǵˣЩʱôʵ
ֻڵǣϣ˼ҳˣǳ˴ˣ
ؿЩʧǵĹ˵绰һƬն  أ㡭ôˣԶô˵ؿЩĿԼɷʵ
ؿһƨ̱˵ϵˣȫˣô
ԼϰӣҲһ֣û°ɣ
ѩ˿ɫ൱ѿؿӣҲǸϽһڵ̨ҡһҪ졭
˵꣬ѾʧؿļУ̬
ˮů֪
ͬ۴ѧ
˿̵ĺϣһεĵ̨ЦŵλŮʿǣAĳJAY-H
ȼȫ  JAY-HĳһӾȼȫһߴƳް
û뵽һľȻǹһߴƣͬ۴ѧˣ  ˵ʵղų˹ٷӺͿɪֵʱôĺ䶯  ˵׻׷Щ֡Աǵģ  һλ޵ĳ֣ܲhighȫ  ҵ찡ͬ۴ѧţˣJAY-Hĳ޶ܹĹ
ж󵨵жûֻ벻
ôоһأҪǩͺˣ
ˣҵͬ۴ѧΪ㽾
ҾҪѧһͬ־ǵʲôɫİ
£ͬ۴ѧѧѾǳ׵ķ
һһϯֳ˸оһ𾪣
ʱһһţ  ͬ۴ѧֳľݳһ㣬һλλ󿧼ĸ̳
ÿһ˼ֻݳһ׸裬׸趼ǵĳ
Щıݣͬ۴ѧѧǣоԼȹһõҹ
Уᣬûг̫Ĺ棬ɼ̵Ĵȴһֱϵˮʾš
ֹ޷죬ֵ  ȫֱͬʱÿһλ֮󣬶һҹ˾Ĵ꣡  ػصģÿһҶʮϣҪǲ֪ĸо̫ܣ
ĸСʱʱ䣬˸оܶݣ
ÿһλμһˣǲУ
ƱĻٲӦûһһƱɡ
ʵ̫ˣ
Щͬ۴ѧУǺͬѧȴѵһӾʢ磡  ϣһĸСʱʱ䣬ֵƵߵģҪӽβˣҲһ  ڶĸֺͼαվˮ棬ϣһĽ
ᣡ  ĺֹЩۿأֵĺϣҲʱŵ̫һЩ  УᣬĻ




604Ҫ
 

ͬ۴ѧУĻ  һʢ磬úܶ˶ĳȣȻпĵȻвĵģ
ȻΪĵǸ֮һ
ҲЩȣϲһ֮Ҳȥ
֪һԼˣҸûлػ˵
Ц绨˼ǴͷЦβ
һǣ𺳼ģѧ֮ǰУȣһֱһɽ޷Խ
Ҳ֪鲢ԼĹͣ˵ԼûκεĹϵ  룬˼׵ĻԼ֪Ҫôأ  뵽ʱȻְǸϵλƿǸǲˣǶôӢһ
ΪƿǱȥһЩ˼Ұ첻飬ƺҲн鷢ˡ
һƿʲôأڳ޲ð׵үźأ  ߵ˺̨
˶׶ǷǳϤЦŵ𣿡
ǺǣЦŵ˼һû
ָ磬浽Ұ˵ˣʱҽջŷˣרĵĸױƷɺã
˼оԼǽһ㣬ǰһɰﻵˣ  ڸףоԼ൱ɰ
СӴ쿪ʼҲеæˣϻױƷĹѾǴȥˣҪķ˰Цŵ
˵ָ磬㲻Ĵһɣ˼
ҵȻһѾˣ½һд¥Ϊ¼ŵܲ׳
¥˼۾һҲǣǱҪ¥ˣصĹܲ¥ȻҲԣһʱγɲʲôҾýŪһ¥Ҳͦʵġ
ϣ׳źϣȻһϸһ߰ɣǸһߡ
ϣЩ˵ã̴绰
׵ȥϣ
ţȰЩ͵ȥȻɣлǻҪеġȥ͵Цŵ
˼ЦŵѾ׼˼ʱһߣ
ʵ̫ˣһ֮Ҫʼʱ
һܶ˶֪ŵҲǱ߰Ÿˣ  ױҪȵŵ֮󣬲ܹϺһ뿪ߡ
¾ҵܲ  ĵԱվźκͶŴһԵϢӽҲǳһƬ˷֮ɫ  Ʋһο˴˰κɫһ˷ܡ
Ϊ¾ҵŵϴ˶쳣ļ֮ǰڲ󷴵ٵƵʱ򣬺κѾǵõϼһ϶  ĺκѾ׼ٽһˣֻǺܶ඼һɺϣ  κû뵽ĿԼĸǰ
һδƽһ  ȻһεĴͬ۴ѧһһʮУĶֱȨ
ֱ漣
Ŵ̾һǷˣƲ
κŶŴ϶ŰƲν¾ҵҪѾϼʾƲܻҪڶһ
⡭С̫˰ŴЩǵ˵
һԵҲЩ˼˵ܣ²ʱ䣬ôء
ôˣһ˲˭ҪСλøҲû⡣ʲôˣǱҵȻһӯʵĵλΪĹǲĥģ
κ쳣ļʲô⣡  Ҳϰ
ûʵŴͺκϵⱨҵҲǸոյ飡
һʼҲΪʲôУûʲôͷԼҲôġ
û뵽Уһ֮ǵͿʼϵ  ˺˹ٷӺͿɪֵʱĳ׵ô£
϶ܵĽ
⸥³ܵĹϵ˵
ŴЦЦô˵Ҳԣҿǿһˣ
϶ŰҪ˰ԭѾ̸ٶһҸƼ㣡žһε֮¾ҵܾλûˡ
κһЦŴҲˣ
ͷʵ˵϶ûдģ
˵󷴵ϵͳɵĻһɣǵڶܹ鲻˰ɣ
Ŵ￴ӽ˵СݵʲôʱҸܿɶǵذ
ӽʿˮԵһ£ӵʱݾͳˣҿ֮ǰŪ˸ҪȻܶˣ
˿̣˶ȴ˵ûԾݺֻ˵ݣ




605ϻױƷļ˷
 

»ҵܲ¥  κͶŴһǵĿǰӽһ˵ǲװ
ղ֮ǰһ˵һͳˣʵϻ豸֮ݾһһΣ  żҲûκεô
ոչʮûж೤ʱ䣬ҪʮӵĻʱ䣡
ӽȻҲǽѣҲûа취
Լֲܹͳݣֻеȵͳƺܹ֮õ
˵ӽӽ֮ǰ˵ˣֻҪһεɵĺãʱƲλÿɾˣ
ŴҲżĺܣӽҲǼġ
ӽһߣ˶ܣɲƭҰ
ӵģʲôʱƭ㰡ϽģûкãŴ
ݳˣ
ӽһεˢ֮ѾǸˣҲһ˷ܵ˵
٣
κԭһĿӽ˵ݳ֮Ѿǲˣ
ȥӽһ£Ȼ⡭ļٵİˡ
СӸǲǣŴ۾һʵ׶٣㻹벻ˣ
쵼˵ĵˣֻ˵ĵĸˣӽЩզ˵
һݰ
Ǵô̵ʱ棬ݼҲͻڰ  û뵽ǾȻˣ  κͶŴＸͬʱӵһ  棬ֱԳ֮Ϊ񼣰  û뵽Ȼһݣôܹأ
󷴵ϵͳҲûô׳۰
ӽֻAPPȻˣҵ찡
ɶˣκһӽ˵𾪣ѯʵ
ӽźκܣֻAPPˣ֪ζʲôζ»ҵŵֱֵӷʮֹ
ʮʲô˼κЩʵ
ӽźκܣҸٸӰɣ˵ǰǵֵǰڵĻ»ҵŵֵͻǧڶûˡ񼣰ֱǲ󣡣
κ쳣˷ܣ˸оЩƮƮȻ  һԵҲԵ̾һ˵ʵڻӦûİɣΪĿǰֻǵAPPܹƵ
ǰƲѾǰ϶ˡԭһƲλЩĳɷ֣ҷ֣ȫƲĸӽ
Ŵͷȫô˵Ʋһˣ͸ı»ҵŵĸ֣
κż˵ǷģĳɼǴҵĹͣǾ͵֯϶ǵĽɣ
һ˷ܣ˭֪ĳɼɲ˭ܹ˵óóġ
»ҵţһӾԾΪ׻ĴýҲ˵
һĳ̶֮󣬵ʱһ˵õȮ죬ǲûɵ飡
ģôһĴһС˴
ϣҹʺֻͣǱߣ
״۵Ҵ־˳ַǰܹҪǩ˶ǩ˸飡  ˵һֱһ㣬Ǽ˺ܶഫ˵е  ʱûʱдǣкܶҪ
ֵһ棡  ׺ͻ˼ǱߣҪ̸ܶ࣡
ָ磬Ѿ¥ˣ˼ʵ
׵ͷѾʱˣôƶûһõ뷨
ƶȣ˼˿׵ҪָԼᰡ
ڰٷ֮ҿӦþͿˣأʵ
˼Цŵ⻯ױƷԺ϶൱Ļ𱬣Ҿðٷ֮ҪָҪһݵĽĻôҵǾðٷ֮ʮȽϵĺ
ٷ֮ʮΪʲô׿Ż˼ʵ
˼ȣƶȵĽȻҪżģûʵǲҪҾֻҪƺʡһĴ̾ˣĴʡһд
⵹һ⣡Цŵ
˼ͷҾʡһĴ̣ҪȡһЩ˷ȻṩˣһӪϵҲͽˡ
ҲǿУֻʡһļ˷ѣٱȽϵĺʣʵ
ЩĲرĶҲҪѯһ»˼
˼ٺһЦʡһҪʮڵļ˷ѣ񾩳ǡһЩغҪʮڵļ˷ѣȻ˶ƫԶһЩطǿڵļ˷ѣ
ǿУͰִаɣ׵Ҳû˵
ţڹģնپնˣҿɲ˼Цŵ
ԵĹһ£˷ѣȫ򶼲ĻǶڿ׾ͻΪ׸ˣ
ҲЦЦھҪһ˦ƹ񣬾ô򵥣




606ջɯһ
 

֮ϣ  ˼ոճȥã˹ٷӺͿɪѾ䣡  ף˹ٷҲΪĹ  ʵԭ֪ߣ֪ˣҸ׵Ϊ֮ѡ˵͵  ܲ͵𣿾ĸǶô͵ˣڲ͵ô죿  ˹ٷѾˡЦŵ
׼ʹ׿˹ٷ΢΢һЦʵ
𾴵û뵽ȻǿصĶߣһ۾Ϳҵʵ֪
˹ٷף֪ױԼǿ̫̫ˣҲûκεİ취
Цŵɯ׼ʹһ岢ôǵļ岻һ̼ѡ
Ǻǣ˵ûɯ׼嵱켫һʱʱҲǶʢ塣ֹ̻ʼĸֻ֣ϧҵ䡭
˹ٷҲʼ磬һʵȻȥ׽ɯ׼廹൱Ŀԣ  ʹһ˭ں׽簡˹ٷҲ׽׷ѣ˭Ҳ̲ܵˣ  ˣɯ׵ļҲһĸˣ  ɯ׼ҪյĻԻͣҲǲܵ顭΢΢һЦ˹ٷ׼ʹҲʹ
ǿЦɣ˹ٷ𾪵Ŀʵ
ʼǿЦ𣿡
һԵĸǶĳ֣ܹġһҴΪһº顭

˹ٷЩһԵĸ󵽵Ҫ˵ʲôҪ֪ʹһǿĿõģ
ʲôⲻǳô
˹ٷɯһҪõӢ׾ͳǵڵʵôм˵
⡭ȷУ˵׻Ƕߣˡðһ䣬ҪǸߺɣ
˹ٷҲһҪˣʵʹһ忴ƺܴ󣬿ʵ˵˭֪˭ĵϸ  ˹ٷôˣǵĿѲɽܹȥǵĿѲɲҪԽ̻ʵľ磬Ϊʹ𣿡
ҵϵۣҶ֪˵Щʲô˹ٷϳ˸ָɻֱǲܵ鰡
ܹΪ̻ʼĴڣѾǲܵˣ
ȻԼ˵ҪΪԽ̻ʵĴڣôȥˣƺû˵˭ܹĳΪԽ̻ʵĴڰ
׵һһĵҩѾǳϣ  ˹ٷ˿׵⡭Ƕߵĵҩ𣿡
ԿҲ΢΢һЦ
һԵĸٺһЦ˵˹ٷĻˣ
ˣʲô᣿˹ٷɵĿ˿һԵĸЦһֻѵˣʣµľͿԼѡˣ
ɪ˿˹ٷ˹ٷҸܵǸҩһɷǳǿ
ǵҩ𣿡˹ٷҲɵƺ²⵽һЩʲô  ˿˹ٷһЦ㻹ûдҩʶӦ֪ⶫأһöҩܹΪʹ
ʹ
˹ٷ򼸺ζŵ鰡ȴƺûôļ򵥣  ׿˹ٷ򵭵˵˹ٷҵĿһͳʹһ壡
ʲô㡭㾹Ȼ˵Ұģ㾹Ȼһ׻ƵҪ̲ʹһ壡
˹ٷһԵĿɪϵ֮ɫԱʵ̫ˣ  һͳʹһ壿ⲻҪū  Ҳ֪Լ˵Ļ˹ٷͿɪտ϶ǽܲ˵ġ
˹ٷЦΪڵʹһܹǳΪʹ𣿼Ȼ˵ĻΪʲôܹѡʵǿأǻϣ
Ҳ΢΢Цŵ˹ٷ򣬴ҾͲ㽲ˣҾҪɯһ벻ҪյĻԻͣ
⡭
˹ٷЩԥĿ˿ף˵ĻǳΨһȷľ׵û  һʧܵĻʱ¶ɯһ˵Ƕְ֮  ˴ϲǿȱˣֻǸṩһѡѣǿ߻Щʱֻһ˲䲻𣿡
˵꣬һεóһʥ˹ٷĸǰ˻Σ  ʥ⡭ʥϢ˹ٷ׵ֱˣǿǿ˹ʥ
û뵽һߣóһȻʥ  Ҫʵĺ飬ΪҲΪṩʥ͵ҩ˹ٷҪΪ̻ʼǿ?׳
ҲǲΪ㹻İ˹ٷǳΪԼˣ  ⿿ŸҪʹһЩΪǵ£һЩʹһ˹
˳ĵܲ




607˹ٷѡ
 

˹ٷһƬԥ֮ɫ  ɯһ˵ľʵѾǷǳΣˣ
Ҳʲôǿ֧ԮĻʹһʧҲǰ϶ˣ  ׵˵ĳ֣øһᣡ  ס˵Ļ»ɯһ巭Ļᣡ
ֻ׾Ϳɿ
ϾǶˣĿֱָʹһ壡  Ұİ  ˹ٷԥʵҲǷǳ飬Ͼغɯһδķչ
˿ԥ˹ٷЦһ˹ٷɯһѾȾ棬Ҫǵ˿ɲһҵǵ峤ɯŮʣʵҲǳ
Ůʴ˵˼ǣ˹ٷŸʵ
峤˼ӦҲһ˺ʵ˵ˣǧǰʱǲһֱڶ쵼֮𣿡Ȼ˵
ô˵һѾΪĸӹˣ˹ٷʵ
⵹ûУſˣ֪֮ǰʵǶ٣˹ٷʵ
⡭Ҳ֪˹ٷҡҡͷ
ʹѾﵽ׼ʮʹļ𣬺ߡ
⡭ôܣ˹ٷ𾪵ĿŸʵ
Ц棬ֻҪʱʮʹͲΣ
ҡܹΪʮʹ˹ٷҲһ
˹ٷڿɲıкôѡıߣֻһӵĿʱ䡭
ֲһǣ˵ˣѾ˶ʹһİһɯһһļʲô  ײŵĶһѣҪһ  ˹ٷΪԼһѡ  ̫Լˣ
ɯһ壬׵ҲУ  һӡ˹ٷһԭһźĸ˿ɫѾһƬ䣡  ڻʮ룡
ֻǿ˹ٷ򣬼һﲻѡҲĨȥһμ䣬ûκεѹ
ҡͬ
˹ٷԼľɯһĻţƴһѣ  ʵϣôҲԼĸݵģΪȻʥҿȥֹһ  ȻˣǳΪ̻ʵջʹһܶ˶޷ֵջ󣡣  ΢΢һЦеöҩѾʧС
ţͿöҩǳ۾һĳ˹ٷĿбȥ
˹ٷҪ˵ǵҩѾڼ  䣡
ǵҩƺ˿һ㣬˲һɹǿѾ˹ٷϱ
һԵĿɪտǰľ˶ͣƺоһɲ˼飡
׵һƣ  һɼǿ˲İסǰ˹ٷԭ˹ٷѾǳ׵ֳ׼ʹģ
һɹǿϵ˹ٷصţ
أ
֮ԭ͸֮ɫʹ֮Ѿʵʣ  ʹ
һ̣˹ٷĺʹģ׼ʹʹһǽ֮  ʵڲϵ֮У
ײǿ԰Լ֪Ҫһ˳ǾͱҪԼǿ  Լǿ󲢷˵˵ѣոɯһֻһˣ  ŸӺΰļƻ
ԭҪո׻Ƶ磬ȥͳһʹһ壡  ԼˣҴķǳף  ׻翴ǣʵϸƣ֮ǰһ̫ϳϾЩǱ
ı˼·ʹһ忪ʼ֣һͳ׻Ƶ硣
ƺ·ˣȴΪʵЧеһ취  Ͼڣո׻ѶҪոʹһѶҪĶĶ࣡
ҡͻˣ
˹ٷЩ𾪵ĿѾ˺ܶĹ֪֮Լͻˣ
һԵĿɪи
ղΪҪԼɷأһѾǱˣԼɷѾǳΪʹ
Ȼʹʹһеƫµ֣ʵľǼѣ  ˲ʹôܳΪʹأ  ׿˿ɯһͽȥ̸ɣʱһġ
ģɯһѾӦ飬Ӧûκεģ
˹ٷ˿׵Ҫʲô
ʵϵʵЦŵȥ˹¹ɣҵǶһǳĸȤ
ǼһﲻѪ𣿡˹ٷЩʵ




608һ
 

Ѫ壿
ЩɵĿ˿˹ٷСӿȥ֪Ѫ飡
Ѳ֪ѪĴڣ˹ٷЩ㵵Ŀǰס
ЩƵ˵磬һĲ֪ôĶҾ֪ʹһʹһ塭
Ȼ֪ʹһ壿˹ٷʹһʹһ࡭
ࣿ΢΢ҡͷҿκ߶ͨһ;ﵽҪﵽĸ߶ȶѣʹһƶʹһΪ࣬ҿҲΪǵѣ
˹ٷ΢΢ͷʵҶ֪ģԭʹһͶʹһǺƽദģֻǺȻ󡭡
ʵϣʹһ忴ʹһ壬Ҳɣ׳Ҹ˵һ£ʹһѾͶҡ
ʲô
˹ٷͿɪһ𾪵ĿףֱǿЦ  ʹһ嶼Ͷֲøղ˴Ұģ˼ҵʵҲѾǴﵽ˰  һԵѪʵˣǺʹһ岢һ˵ԭʵǰˣձ˵ѪϵĽ
Ѫ
һЩˣѪô⣬ѪһĵǱȽϵ͸ģ  ǵģ˵ǾһȺС𡭡ЦЦ
˹ٷЦŵѪʹһĹϵҪȶʹһҪһЩĿǰ˵ʹһʹһͷǿУѪʹһల£
ల£΢΢ҡͷôأˡ
˹£
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ʵϣôܹ֪⸥˹ٷʹһأ
Ѫһ壬׼ȷ˵ڵʵ͸ܱȣǺ˹ٷеһƴ  ѪһɲҵʹһˣҪĵ˺˵ĻʱùĿɾˣ  ȻϿѪʹһల£ʵ֪ʹһ͵һҪѪأ
˹ٷ򡢿ɪǺã֪ҡ
ЩĿŸǲôģϾһǽ˸˶
ĶҪնɱĻֻܹ˵˵Ʒˡ
ʱѪҲϵģ  ˿ҪһЩ⣬ǹѪġ
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ЩֵĿǰףȻ˵ġ
궫սʱûгأܶණű˽ûĿЩνĶߣ  һֱ磬ѿߵģ
û뵽һ˽ ȻĿһߣѹҲûиܵ˼ҵϢ
ʵҲ֪˹¼ڵĴʹһѪһӦ֪ɣ
ҲʹһˣӦ˵ĻɣŸ
΢΢ҡͷҼȻܹǾ˵Ҳûа㵱ɵ˿ʹһĸ߲һֱϣѪܹΪǵĸӹ
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΢΢ͷӵңӦ֪ҪǶΪħǷǳ׵ģϾѪһ塭
ΪʲôҪЩŸ
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ЩĿŸ˵һ˾ҪʹһԿ
ȻǸɯһ塭
˹ٷʱ˵ѪһҪūۺ壬ôǾͱҪóǵĳ
ʲô⣿һ˵֪һ˵ǶԵġ
ǾѪһʵѾΣڵϦ  ʹһ˵Ǹʲô֪ܲôֻ飬ʹһԿǲ췴ô  ΢΢һЦǩͬˣȻˣֻ˹¼壬Ϊǻ˹¼ΪѪ䣡
Щʵ϶״ڵģҪ֪׺͸ͨġ
ʵ׶ɯһȤûѪǿڶڶʹһѪȤǷǳĸߣ
ν˵ĵ˾ѣʵ仰Ƿǳеġ
ǼȸѪһ䣿ôܡҡҡͷǲŰ
٣㲻ӦĻֻܹɱˣûôĿˣ
㡭ЩֵĿŸû뵽һ˵ͷ  Ҳ˷ʱˣһǿѹ  ѾǺ͸һΪˣ  Ϊʵ΢黹ûʲôѶȵģǿӣһԵ˹ٷͿɪҲʿˮ




609żռܲ
 

뿪˽
УˣһƺأֻУȻڲϵĳţ
֮󣡣  ׺ͻ˼עһҼŹ˾ϼţ  ʵϣҲ׼飬ֻһֱûвٰѣ
˵ϼŵĳҲ־ԼĲҵʼʵԵĽ׶Σ
˼뿪ȥ˱أϻױƷһҲʼʷ̨  ã
ڽΪĿǰΪĵض֮һŽ½
ֻһ˾ãһҾ֮ǰϿģۣ
Ŀǰķزг൱ĺ۸ҲǸߵĿ࣡  ⾰ȴۣȻӦǿ̸ܵ˾޴ʽѹ
Ļһ˵óҵĻÿյĳɱ൱Ŀɹ۵ġ
ιιιʲôģ
˼׼뾰õʱһűƷ׵ĸǰ
ˣ׿˿˵
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ߣҪȥ͵զΣҸСӣطʲô˶ܹġǱײм˵
׳ҪȥǶ¥е飡
¥㿪ʲôЦⶥ¥ǲܰ칫ĵطҪȥҪȥ𣿿ʲôЦǱм˵
ʲôˣʵ
Ǿõϰ壡˵Ҫܹġ
Ҫǲ̸飬ܽȥ˰ɣЩĵʵ
ģػôˣһôͰԼסˣƣ  ѲԼʲôط˲ɣ  ǱǲܹģǿۺüʮڵĴϰ塭
Сô£
ʱһͬűƷ˹ƷƺҪһıƷҪ߼һЩӦǸɲ
ӣһҿŲզξˣҪ˭ʱ֧֧ģȻ˵Ҫǲ̸飬һСĿĲ
ǸСıһӳ֮Ҳȥ
ӳĿһ㡭
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ǰʲôӳԼˣȻԼĵǱȥ  ׿˿Ǹӳʲôֱ˵
٣С㻹ͦᰡ֪֪ʲôطǽ߶˵д¥֮һãӳ
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ҾˣҵҪܰôΡ
ӳһҲǺҪ֪ԸСӣ

ڳͻʱһ׵ĶС
׻ͷһҲЩĿ˿ǰλŮܣô⣿
һҪأôⰡ
ǰ˲Ǳˣʽҽҩ˾ռܲԴӾһ֮ƺҲûκεĽ
һҲû뵽ھռܲ˹ˣ
ս㣬˭
ռܲԱߣһȥʮ߰Ůĸپ£ȥΪ˶
ҵһѡռܲЦЦҲֻܹ˵ˡ
С㡭
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ӳеĲС㣬ֽգǾϰ̻ۿŮ
ΧսѸʲô
տǸӳȻҲЩĸо
ᣬᰡӳĶͷ亹ֱðоԼôôıأ  һˣȻǲŮѣ  տ׵ҪҪֱӿǣ
С㣬ҡĲǹģ
ǸӳˣҪ֪Ĵӳ˵ҲһΪȶ벻е
װڰֵȻǲСˣ˰ɡ




610¿׵Ĳ
 

õĶ㣡
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ң׿˿գЩѯʵ˵
㻹˭ѲԼսҲ֪û˵
ռܲŲյӵ˵գô˵أ
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˵ʵŮϤʵռܲҲûôϤ
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׳ˣȻ׺ͻ˼ռܲһЩ⡣
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ϼȻҩҲ֪Ǹʲôˣ
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ռܲͣڳԵͷĻͲôˡ
ҲǺŽ׳ˣԿóŮʵǵ֣
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˵ߵģ˸оһܲˣ  һԴӸһ֮ܵƺŮ˵ԽԽˣ
ټռܲľ൱ĲҲЩ氡
յɴ۾ռܲ˵ս㣬ɱİ
УѾͷô˵ôΡ
ռܲƵĿŲգڵСһ㶼˼˵ĸܰܲˡ
ٺ٣ս㣬ҿǸһĶ󰡣ҲüҲüտЩ˵
㡭캰ҹΪռܲڵһ¾վ
պٺһЦǵȻ˰ҿΪİ֪ĻΪרҵýأ
ȥ
ռ̬ܲȷǳȷǽ쿴֮ȻĶĸоһεĸԼУ  Ҳ֪ԼѾŮˣ䲻ף
ÿһŮ˶л벻
ռܲΪһʮ߰ŮˣԼѲɾûл
һĬŮߴߴģҲ̸ʲô飡  վһˣҪܶռܲʱܵһЩˬ  ԼҲ֪ΪʲôһĲˬ
׿ռܲܣ벻żҪȻԶٱ㷹
˵ʲô˼ǲǣ׸սɫһĶ㾹Ȼ˵ҪսԷ
һҪռܲԷܵľһԼȥ  ټ֮ǰһһֱԼĸǰװװȥģҲǷǳĿߣ
ǸԼ󣬶ǿŸĸģѾװβǰ
գһǸһԷɣ˵Ǹ飬ʱǡ
ռܲȷĻؾ˲գҪԼԷʱе൱Ŀģ  ף
˵ǱƷҲԼϲˣⱲӶټˣ
УսⲻҵСûеط˵ˣܿһ͵˰
ЩĿռܲǸ˼ϼŵܿɶ˵ˡ
ҪǱռܲԵĻʱԼһû˰
գ㡭ôǵġ
ռܲСͨ죬ƺոʲôƢ




611뿴׳ĲС
 

̼ҿİ칫ң  ռܲؿȻǱһԵĲոˡ
һĿףһҲ̫ʶô˰ɣ
Լ˵սףⲻǴĵʲô
տ׵ս㣬Ҳ㲻ףʵǴһ۾ۣȻҲиڵĻҪȻһԶٷ£

ռܲƺЩ׵˼֪ӿ϶ǲõģ  ׿˿ʱҲûеطԷʡһٷǮ
С
վ쿴ףһﾹȻλŮĸǰ˵ʡٷǮ
ѾҪҪˣһôܹ˵óĻأ   ĸǸǮ˵£  ԶȻ俴ӵģΪĿһһٷǮҪʡܶŮ˺õʲôطȥ
ЦŵôСˣܿǲǸѳԷȥԷѾǸ˺òã
ϰϣϽҪӣȥ̻ػ
ҿ˰΢΢һЦ
ߣһ㻹զΣպһ
һԵռܲҪߣ̵ҪߵĻҲˣԷ
սôǸվһ߰ҿĺùۺòð̶ռܲ
սҲ̫ˣԼʵҲǶѣǿһӣ  ѣܷܲѲܰɣռܲ
̷úúãҵĺս㣬𣿡
տʼһȻı飬޲ǰҧһһڣʵ̫ˣ  һǳ׼սôһ㣬ֱǳв
ЦһҪǾߺˣȵһÿģ  һβսܵĶ˼ǿһҾ˵ҲͦǿģԼһҹ˾Լ۾Ѿˣ
ǰʲôףǰһ￴ȥƺûʲôˡ
΢Сһ֮⣬һȵ˼ܣ  ȻҪĻǾˣʱԼҲǻԲλˣ
ռܲ˿ף¶һ˿ЦݣҲЩεĿŲʼ
£ռܲЦʵ
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ҲŴһһΪʲôϰأˣһЦ˵ͬѧװĿɹԵİҲһˣ˵ɣҰʲô顭
롭
׸Ҫ˵ʱѾˡ
˺ˣҰرæ˾е飬ҪҰµĻʱҰˣˣȥš
ʵĵزһ˵ĻҲ˵װæ仰ˣ  ۣȺ֣  ÿһ˶ԼȦӣռܲϵôãһЫŮˣռܲҲܸһˡ
ʼ翴ռܲǵȵ˵ɣǺǣ
ռܲһ飬ԡ
Сܣּˡ
һӣȥӦʮ곬  ӵĳ൹ΪĲǷϻһ˿㡣
˵һǸƷζˣ׵ַŵγĶԱȣ
ܣͲҪ٩ˣڿҵɹĴϰˣһǸѧأɡ
տҲЦЦ
΢΢һЦ˽ȥռܲʱ۾Щֱˣ
ʵ֮ǰŮ˲ûʲô̫
˵컨׹ȴ֪ղһ֮ˡ
ɳ֮ϣռܲЩվҲҲǵĸо  λǡ
ܿռ֮ܲѾȷǰŮ˿϶ǲҪܸԼĶ
ռܲԱΪʲôһأѲǲյѣ
ռܲҽҩ˾ܾЦŸܽռܲһԵѹҲûᣡ
ãҽƳܾƳΪŵֵ
ռֻܲЦЦá
ƳЩεİ˻ĻԾһյС̸ܰҲһλѺûм
ôѣԶٷۿˣߡƳĸǰ˵ܵѣס
ͳԷǶС£ҪȻλŮ͸⣿Ļ̩꣬Ѿӡ
ƳΪʿһĶһԱȣյĿ˿ס
ƺ˵㻹ǹԹԵ˺ˣʡ߶ۡ




612ԩͷ
 

̩꣡
֮ǰһΣһģʱ龰ǾЩЦġ
⻪̩Ҳʶģһѿ
һƳĵص㶨˻̩꣬ʵҲΪԼĲ  ʵϣƳԭطһ˱ͷǳľ  Ҫǲսܵ˲ÿ̵תǹͷȥһͨһЩķ꣡
սܵ˳Ĳȥ̩꣡
ռܲһ̣ƳǾΪˣ⻪̩ȻҲⲻ˵ˡ
ʲôٷĺֵˣ̩꣬ǼأڶΪĹע
ܹ䵽׵ĵطԲġ
ռ֪ܲʵûиһʶ˼ʲôˣ
ǿʶôˣĻΪһٷҪˣ  ʵ˼ҲǸԼһӣҲ˲һӶѡ
ŲףҲЩȥ˵գ˵ва
ƳռܲףҲüͷȻóռܲһСӵЩԾˡ
㲻ںһˣôȥעһһУ  ƳٲȻѾǰռܲԼδĶˣܲע  ˵ЩʱǱŮ˻£  һȻǲģռܲв֮¶һ˿˿İĽѾǱƳ۲΢ˣ  ˵ʵ⻪̩걾ǽõļҷ֮һ䷹Ļ⣿
˼ֲǷҪķ˼ġռܲû˵
΢΢һЦС˵ûǲ䷹ҲҪи䷹
˵Ƥôô񣿣
ҲˣһﻹǲҪԼռܲλŮ棬ȻѲ䷹˵ôֱף
ƳһӣҲǹһЦһֱ׵˰
˽˰֮У
ܣҪʲô
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СΰأƳǸСʵ޴װ棬ԼİŮǰȻǸӵҪһˡ
ܣѲأҪȻһһˣСοƳҲ̵
Ƴһһ˰ɣÿζҪ˵ԷⶼôˣҲûмԸҷһ
Уȥ
Ƶҵͺ֮Ǻܴġ
һԵĲտƳһֵ˵ܰ⻪̩ôϤذ
Ҳ㲻϶Ϥÿ굽߽ӴҲиʮأǰһֱǸԱÿ϶ģոγΪ˾ˡһԱγɾǲ򵥰
ƳҲЦŵʵҲ֪ôγɾġ
Ͼ̩ĵλϸĽƶȣԱѾǵͷˡ
ֱΪǰ̨þǲܵ飡  ΪһĴþǿɶҪбϵѧġ
ԱбѧĻôôܻȥһԱأ  Цŵս㣬Եʲô
ңУҲǺܶռܲ˵Ȼ˿ʵԵʲô
˰ɣһ䷹ģǵʲôͳʲô£һЦ
ƳŲЦŵǲ䷹Ҳе˵ȨȻ˵͵ɡ
ɡ׵Ҳǲ˵Ʒ˰׼͵ģ֪С˵͡
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ƳȻһЦ൱ıӣһƯ˵Ļһһ׵ġ
Ҳһ˵Сѣĸǰûκεв
зһһ˵82ƲҪȻһ˸һƿͱʲôҲٰ
׻ǲˣ
㷨Ļһûиʮ¶²ˣ
82ƣıۺȻһƿ
һһƿһֱ˰  տ׳˵ףʲô˼ֲͣҵʲô
԰ͣЦЦ㲻˵ǮҳԵ㶫ðɣ
ǳԵ㶫𣿡ЩŭˣһԵռܲһЦ˼ֲ˼ҳ԰
ս㡭
ЩۣҲ֪һǵôߣȴֲòһ㣬֪һﲻҪû뵽һﾹȻôҪ
һԵƳҲ΢΢鴤һԸһ˵ûʲô  һһӳԸʮƳǮҲЩˡ
仹ǱȲص˸ˣ  ҪռܲĻ˵ʹӦˣһռ֪ܲʲôϵء
ıЩ̵˵û£㣡
׿һҲЦЦһ￴ȥʺϵԩͷ  ſ϶ǲˬˣ׵ҲǲҲǸ˼һ׬Ǯ
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һ𣬺ܿһźɫװŮӣǰȻһɫƣдŴþĸ֣  ֻ߽׵ʱҲסˣ




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̩ĳڣ
ոսþûжõж׻Ÿмġ
Ҫһó˺ڿҲǼĻҲûл㱨ŷŻܲá̩ܾ࣡  ԼҲûлΪŷĴþҲܴһ²ǧǮһǵһһ壡
Ҫ֪þɲκһ˶ܹģƾþġ
κһҵһЩ൱õˣǡƾź̨ġ
ܶȻôλõģܲԷˣ˾ҪʲôҲûκεô  ŷűϾ˽ԹƽĽƶȻܹܶˡ
һĽȴЩԱһϣǵδֻôһλò
˵ⱲĳƼˮӡ̵Ļô϶ף  Լ˸ӶŵˣĻᣡ  ׵ʱδ֨ȻѾһļ
˼Ůߣ˭ϣԼ˴أ  ҪֱӸܣԼĸǰԼλ֮ʮǧء
ԱߵλҲʶġ
ܣ˰Ƴ΢΢һЦ
Ƴ˿С⵱˾˼Ҳ˶㶼ˡ
ԺĻֱкһ²רŵĸ񣡡
֮ǰĻ϶ǲô˵ġ
ΪǴþˣÿҪ黹ǺܶģƳֲżһΡ
ߵƵҲǺܸߵģԴӵ˴þ֮ʱˡ
ɽ첻һˣ
˼ҿǸһģǿ൱ţ棡
ţ浽ʲô̶ȣԼҲǲ֪ġ
ƳһĻеԼϱйʵ˵İǵ˰ɣСԵʲô
ңҸղŲǶ˵һлǿѵġ
ռܲʲôƳһԷĶˣҲǸ
ֱһɢźأлһԷ˲  ռܲҲû뵽쾹Ȼܹھף  ԭպԼʱǾܾţϾЩ˾Ӱ˵黹ġ
ܲסѾͷôռ֪ܲѾͷԭԼԤı  ֻ׵ĳֲԤ֮УռܲȴԼջˡ
һп޵˶ѣ͸Գ԰ɡƳ˵
пޣܣʲô˼㲻ԸǳԷĻǿ԰ǲԾˡ
ռܲڵһ»ˣ˵ŮľˣκԼŮȣԼҵ
Ϊһɵˣ۸أ  Ƴ˿ռܲߣ֪ܸλʲôϵ
ҸܵĹϵûκεĹϵɣҪǲ˵һʡȥġЦһ
ա
ƳɫоԼЩˣˣ
ԴҪˣռܲȻһЦǺǵͬ˵ʱָо
û뵽ĵ˵˵ʱռܲȻ̬ȣ
ڻصذԼǾԼ  ܣҡҲ֪ʲôЩε˵
ƳŲգڸѡ񡭡
ܣҿǺĺ׼ܶţʲô̬ȰҲǻˣǺģû뵽ƳȻ˵ͷ  ˵ˣҲûĸƳ˵ף˵˴Ůѣ
ȻҶ֪˼û˵֮ǰ㲻˼ɣ
հգǼҶˣ㻹ңƳŭ˵
һԵƳȻˣˣɫҲǱ˱䡣
ԭΪܸʶأû뵽ϵǳĽ  ղԼƨĴ˰һİûڣ
ҲһƢһƳȻ˵ԼҶˣҲŭ˵Ǽô˰˵Ҫʲôѡ񰡣
ǼҵԼֵ֪ˣǰɣΪҪܹˣҸ㣬֮ǰҰǼҵľأ
ƳЦһƺʢ
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ռܲһӿ˵ĿΪ˴ﵽĿĲֶεҲˡ
ʵ˵ƢνʿȲûǱֵôĺá
ܶ˻ΪǮˣȥʿȵÿһŮ˵
ʵȻЩ˱ʣʵͨ˲һЩ̬ģ˸о־壡
ЩƢǳĴһļͥ
ΪϰַſڣǾӦΧתġ
յмһ˿ˮһȷǿԼĸÿ춼Ҫæµҹʮһࡣ
ƺоԼĸ׺ͷҲһЩ
ڱƳôһ˵Ȼоһĺ£ΪоƳԲǿѨ磡  ƳĻ˫Щ˵ܡƳղ˵ǼǸǲġ
ǲģҼǵúʱɣелͷȫˣӦָÿɣ
ƳЦһŲ͸һ˿Ĺâ
ʵԭΪսӽԼԼܶΪҪֺԼû뵽ɵ椾ȻԼҷô鶼֪
ҿпܲˢˡЩҵķԼİóһŽеݸһԵ  ̵Եȡ
һҵĹѾǼҴҵ˽˿΢΢ҡҡͷ  ռܲɫ¶һ˿𾪵ģ⡭ôأҼǵϸ²ͦõأ
ƳЦһ̻ۿԼΪԼӵһֵʮڵľþͺţˣ֪ʲôʽ˰ɣʮֲϵʽⲻǸ̶ʲѣ⾰õʮûлأ
ƳҰˣôܹܹҪвҡ
ʵиоڵѪԼĸôѵ£ȻûнԼ
óԼȥѧ  ¸ĸģ仰ΪԼĸ׻ҪַͨʽԼһõĻ֮У  տˣֹסţһԵռܲŲҲ۵ıԼСã  հգҸֻŮҿϣҿ㵹ǳĲٺ٣ҾˣҪ޸ҵĻҵǿԿǿǾֺǼһ
ƳЦǼȵſʵ˶ԣ  û˺֮ǰƳһʿһĶŵˣ  ֮һֱһްȥ޶磡  㡭㡭ҹһƳȻԼ⣬ռܲǶֻѾǲ
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ƳǱػ֮Ʈһ㣡  Ϻܿĳĺۼ
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νӶڲ֣һ׵¾ȻֱӾͶֽƳɷˡ
ԭǱ߿֣⾰õ˵һϢ
ԭ⾰òһôĺضôãôأ
ڵ˵ǸϢ
ȻˣֵҪԭһ̫Ƿˡ
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ռܲԭѾĲˣɵ׼Ҫ˵ʱ
׳ˣһδԨһ  ǱԼһ㣬Ȼ򵥴ֱȴ쳣˸о  ԭţɵһ׾ȻֱӶִһҲǼæ֡˰
ˣһԼùⲻȥ϶ûиŵġЦŵ
ƳЩججվ۾˿̶ˣ
û뵽ǸСӾȻҴԼû뵽
㡭ϽǵıСӸҿס
ƳĪίҪҪС֮أ
ȻҴԼȻҴԼ
Сû˸ҶƳһ£  ΪʲôҪס˿Ƴʼ˼ʲôûп
㡭㡭Ƴɴ۾˿о綼Ծˡ
Ǹ˶ҸԼţˣ  ˿Ƴ΢΢ҡͷ·Լͷûʵ໰ƪ˶ĵĺܣȥ
СүȥƳȥȥҽйˡ
ϻԼǲèǰɣ
ƳղҲͿˣ⻪̩ܾ࣬ʶİ
Ҫ˵໹ЩԨԴģ˵ǳֵܣɻҲǷǳĸӰ
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615˾ʹ绰
 

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Լͣ˾һͷŭʨһ㣬ʱ׼ҧһڣ  ȴһˣһȻ˵ɫȮҲǵƺ̵ӹϰˡ
һƳҪܣʵҲܻ㱨ء
ˣһֱûлܻ㱨  û뵽СӾȻ˼ܹܹô  Ƴм˵пչôС顭
ˣŲһ绰Ҹ㣬ЩڳһһҪù
Ƴƺܹɱһ㣬ĿԹ֮ɫ
׿˿Ǹøһʶϲ˾ϲˣ˵ķݣ㿴Ű졭
õģһΪ׵Եȡ׵̬ǽһð
մ˿鲢ǺܺãǸղƳ˵Ļֵ  û뵽һﾹȻڴԼ⣬ֱǲҪ˼㰡  Լҵȴʵ飡  ռܲŲյգǸǻǻ㲻Щ鲻ܹĲǷҪԵģ
տռܲս㣬ɡڳԲ¡
ʲôԲµģһﲻǼ¥򡭡ν˵ʵľǴ¥ġ
лл㣬ףȻ֪㲻򣬵лл㣡
֪ʮڵĴ¥ɲ˵ģҪ֪¥ǼһǷʮڵĴء
Ȼ˵ЩҲһЩˣɴҶ֪ģǰڻϢΪ
˺ǱЩǾľϢˡ
ߣհգһŹģСһơƳ˵ͳ˵绰
Ǹ̩˸绰Ȼһεİѵ绰Լĸף  ˾Ҫ绰üҳ棬ҪѧУҲ൱ûϢһֱ֣  ڵƳôĽأ  Ѿ˸ˣҪٲǿµ˼˶ûлˡ
ι֣أ
ƳһοҪòһƵĴۣ  ƳڸҲ̸أӦ֪İɣ
ܺӶܼҵļңҵҲǰˣ  ܶ˲֪ۣΪҵûС
ǴӴҵĹܺӶӦòһʮڣɾû֪ˡ
֣ڻ̻ۿһأƳʵ
˵Сô˵أҲֱģܺӶҲʵ
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ܺӶҲŭˣƳˣԼ׵ȻҪˡ
̻ۿǻҪԼ  ܣᣬ϶ᣬҼѾͷһ֪Ӱ̻ۿͷ˹
һԼĸ׵Ѿȷ϶ˡ
ܺӶƳȻܵ˺̻ܲۿ̸ҹҪҽ־ãΣһˣ˵ҪǲĻǿɾ͹ֲܺӶĺˡ
ܣܡ
̻ۿԵЩ٣Ǳߵĵ绰Ѿǹˣһཱུ֮󣬲յɫ൱ѿ
ʵͷβûа˵һ仰ɶǰƳġ
û뵽Ȼչ棬ԼĸҪһԼĻ»Ĳڣ  ڣһжˣ  ƳŲճ˴ǰɣźȥɣֹܼңܼҲܰˣ
ͲҾͲܼڽһ죡
ҲŭˣѾȫԼĸܼ峤ܺӶǰֿధ̬ˡ
ΪһŮôҪԼĸܵ˵أ  ˣһһ飬ǷһǧɣƳȻʲô
һǧǡǲǡһ顣
Ƴϲºȭرڶ
һӮɶǼǧģ׬һЩǮ
ʵղ֪ǣƳʵºȭ֯ߣҲĻϰ壡
ǲʲôΪǷծûôǰһֱǿҵûпҪѣҿиǧ˰ɣǰֽӿд
ƳŲգ˵ڲ̻ۿûг֮ǰĻóǮǺɵġ
ڲ̻ۿʽ𱻶ˣһж޴̸ˣ
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ʲô˸ˣôأһҲЩˣƳ㲻ʲôϰ塣
ļȴСҲһߣôܹ۹ڵĴأ
֨  ʱһεıƿˣѾǰź˲˵һŲ˵׼׿ء
һվ棬Ҳǹɵĺһܣ˰
⵽ô£˵Ȼˣ˭ģأЩŭ˵
˻̩꣬Ӱ챾ǲ̫ãȻҲϣ̬ˡ
ʼˣûпܣ
ܾȻûпףȻӦǸģûͿˡ
һҧûпģ
ƳŭһܰܣǵĴþҶ֪бҵôܹǴþģⲻڴ⣬ڼìܣҪ̰Ѵҵ˸
ռܲƳһӣЦΪ˭˵ˣ֤ǿǿԼײġ
㡭㡭ܣҽûбҪ˵Լһҿˣ
Ƴǰû뵽⼸Ůһ̨ϷϵĿ԰
һʵҲǶһ£ܣ顭
С˵㵽ô£һ˰ôôͿʲô㲻֪𣿡
࿴ҲǳԼģʱЩġ
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ĲԸȥҪôˣԺڻ̩Լʲôſأ  ˵ôûʵˣ͸Ӧ˼ûд
ʱվתͷ࿴˿
һ׵ԭҪŭɵ׵ݵʱˡ
̫ϤˣϤĲܹϤˣ  ǰ·ĿͻȻһεĿ˶ˡ
ֲôİ˵ˣ˵
ߣҵҪҹ
ƳŭһָȻžԵŵģ
ռܲܣҲûп⵱µľΪһſڿӾͺ˵ɣ
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ѣҽҩ˾ܡЦſ
ԭܰһģܷġ̬ƳһȻ
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ôҲǻ̩ܾڸŮô  Ƴ̬Ѿǳ׵תˣֻˡ
Ϊ֪һ֮ͲڳƳķչˡ
ƳΪԼţʵ˼ǰʲôأ
ȻҲ֪ͷ˼ҸŷŵٶѣͷСˣ  ٶĺڿܹãȻѾһĹϵˡ
Ҫ֪ſ͸֧ȣɲһܹܵġ
ܣʲô˼ƳһྐྵȻֱԼ֣Щŭˡ
ЦŵʵҲûʲô˼Ƴһģ߰ɡ
ߣ
ƳһֲŵĸоһﾹȻ˵ҪԼߣ
Ҫ֪Լܺ߰Ͳ˵ԼϵǲˣǱĻҲӦԼ߰
ˣһεĶˣ
ԭΪһܹԼ  û뵽Ȼһ棬Ƴоʵǿˡ
ѲһԼԱ𣿡Ҳһ֮ʰɣ˵ˣ⻪̩ҿһԱҾͿһԱбµĻѻ̩ȥѾ
㡭ҵţ
ƳŭˣһŭˣΪûҹ
תһεĿ˲յǧҿĻǿɱҶ㲻ˣҵҪ㻹ûϻȥ
һﻹûбʵ
һε׼ԼȭͷƳһһξȭͷʱŵøϽȥ
ܵʱˤһͷȥǱ쳣
ƳǱ뿪ӣռܲǽ˵ллܣ壬һӾͿ˭Ǻ˭ǻ˰
˰ԷôҲ˵һҺðŰ࿴ҲЦ
һԵռܲͲյ˶סˣ ʶ׵İ




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ܣǵڶμɣ
׿ѾָԼ֣ҲЦЦ
ǣǵڶμ棡û뵽ԹСҲǵģ㲻绰ʲôأ
ЩֵĿһԵʵ
̵ܣұҪȵڸģ֪ƳȻλС㡭
һǿûˡҲҪԵʲô˰ţ˻ǡ
ûû£æľˣҾþͦõġЦŵ
ЦŵһʱСģҪĻǸʱĵˡ
ܰСԼͿԽˣİɣЦŵ
ͷһ˳˰䣬Ȼ黹ǲġ
ЦŵܣҸŵĲ˵
ɣ֮ǰһСӿšҲЦЦ
ͷҸ׼һӦò๻ˣз㡢㡢ѡǽͺ
⡭Ҳ̫ݳ˰ɣռܲЩ۵ĿʵԼ˳ԾûбҪ˰ɣ
Щ˼Ŀ׵ףҡҵĿˣûа취ˡ
ռܲЦŵû£һٷһģգҲҪʲô̫ѹŴͷȻֱ
һֵôҪǮأⲻ
ҪǮԺ춼ܹˡҲЩ𾪵Ŀʵ
͸ղǼһǼ۸Ϊİأ  ҪԵĻҪ˼ҷأ
ЦŵҸղŲ˵Ͳֲͣš
ҡҲ֪˼ʶƵ˵
ռܲЦŵʶ˿ɶأ⻪̩ǻŷŵİɣ
һƺЩ֪ķӦˣʵŮ˶ⷽ滹ǲ̫еġ
㲻֪ЩƵĿռ̩ܲ걾ǻŷΪǼ갡
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ռܲһˣ׸˼ĹϵǳĲ֪⻪˼׸أ
ʲôֲðս㣬ôоֵֹİЩƵʵ
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΢΢ҡͷǻʹΪʳ
գղԷʱҾû㣬Ƴ˵Ƿǧ򵽵ô°ռܲŵʵ
һ֮ҲһƵ˵ս㣬ǽϽǱһºȭ֪֪
ºȭռܲһԹŮʵΪĻҲϾһˡ
ºȭʵаһ֣  һܹˣϼҾҲǺܲȻˣҲһЩΪƲˣ  ô˼ĶҲΪȤʵ
ʵºȭ֮ǰҲ˵ģֻûԹȷ⣡  ֻ˲˵Ǿͦ˼  ΢΢ҡͷͦģǸطȴһܹȥĵطȥΡζƳҹȥġ
ǧô£ռܲΪȤĻǧ飡
ǧ򣿰ʵһǧʲôǧ򰡣ƳСʱ治棿Ѱ˼£һʼ˼ʮҲû⣬ɺ֮һ򣡣
Ƶ˵ʵǴСġ
Ӯٿң˼ӮһǧʱͻᷢٵӮ񲢲ˡ
ҲΪʲôܶյ̶԰εһԭ  ֪ˣһһİȥ˰ɣռܲ˵̱һЩõģЩ
Ȧ治Ǹϳ˼ĶûǲƵ˵ʱҲҪ䵽һǧ֮ҲˡҲǷ˰ʱˣʵҶˡ
ӮˣҶҲǸеȤҪȻҹȥ棿׿ŲЦŵ
㡭˰ɣ֪ºȭĻϰ˭𣿾Ƴ˵ǱܼҰ
Щ˵֪ҪȥĻҲĺܲҡ




618ȥ׬㻨Ǯ
 

պռܲЩĿףһҲ̫˰ɣ  ºȭȻ˵ǸĿɱϾֹһĿ  Щȥĸ͵͵ģ  ǵطʵҲһӵĵط׾ȻҪȥ
ǸոմǸƳû뵽ھȻҪܹȥ˼ҵĳӣ  ˼ܹ
ռܲ׵㡭㲻ȥղû˵ǸƳĻϰ尡
ҵȻ֪СĻϰ壬ҪĻϰĻһȥءղǧǱҲ׬
׹һֵҪǸܼ⣬һʱỹûͷ
ܼҪǿĻǳ˭һˡ
㡭ҪӵºȭǮȰ㻹Ǳȥˡ
һ߰˼ҲǸϽȰƳʲô
ʵһʼռܸܲƳʱǾƳٶ
˸ǲİɣ  ôҲû뵽һﾹȻˣʵ̫ˣ
һﲻĿģͻ¶ԼʱҪɵʲô¶ˣ  侮ʯ
ǸľԼĸѵʱʵҲǵء
ռܲ׵ҿûҪ˰ɣʵ̫̫ˣ
С㣬ԸԸȥһأ׿Ų΢Цʵ
ңȻûˣ˵һŮʲôЦŵǵ㣬һƳĻʱҪܶܲ
ҿģһ˻ǽҵİɣЦŵ
տ׵㣿䣿զôĲأݵģûпЩºȭȭ֣أǼ⿴Ŷ˸о°
Ǻǣֲܴ뵱ҿһʮ׹һ֣һԵĲһͣƵ˵ʹˣס͡
Ҳȥռܲһ׺ͲҪȥʱҲ̵
ս㣬һȥʲô֣ʱǼһҪǱģŮҼҵܵˣ
һ֮ɫĿռܲȻԼȥ˳׼ġ
׿ռܲȥʵҲû£
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ЦŵҶ˵ˣҺģ
ˡЩƵ˵ҵڴƳѿ
һˣûа취  ׿ȥǲģѾ׸ıһЩˡ
С㣬ѲͲϣܰ㸸׷ֵһЩ׿Ųյ
ҵȻ˰һѧʲôأһܼҵҪǷŻĻûʲô˸Ǽ¥ˣڽǲܼһЩӰ
Ƶ˵ʵлһǣûĻʱôõĵضεĴ¥Ҫˣ  һǸʱ򣬿ԼĸҪ֮ˡ
ռܲ׵ʶ˶࣬ҪȻ취
ʲôϵ׿ռܲʵ
ҵСãȻʶʱֻ꣬ǵĹϵȴǺܺõġҲѵʱҡ
ռܲ˵Уȷ˵Ҳʵ
΢΢ͷԭˣС㣬ȷҪô
һ治֪ʵҪƳ˵Ļҿ¶ǼѾزˡ
֪ΪĻпܹҪȥAѧˡ
ʱԼĸһڼǶôĹԮ  ҪĻˣЦŵ
㡭֪¥ǮֵǿʮڰЩŵĿ׵
㿴˵ֲţô㰡ҹȥΪϹƳ¥ҲȥģҪǱŵĻȥˡʼ
㡭Ҫ㲻ǸѧôôǮ𾪵Ŀס
Цŵɹ涨ѧͲǮˣҪ¥ҲǿԵģҲȥ׬㻨Ǯǣ
׬㻨ǮЩɵĿʵҪȥºȭгΪɵһעǾͻῪʼֽˡ
ҵȻ֪΢΢һЦȻŮȥ㸸̸һ̸ȻȥǸʲôºȭĵطһ
ðɡ
տȤŨأҲûκεİ취  ׸ǰõһϢһǮǳǮ  ҲͷҿûĵףȥºȭǱлɵ̬ȵġ
ǵطһӵĵطӮǮҲһߵõ
һƳȥĻǵʱǳһδ֪ذ




619ܵĺȭ
 

Ͻĳд¥  ϽڽеƫԶشطǽеĹҵϰٷ֮ʮϵĹҵϽ
ϽĹӣԱṹң۵ؼҲһֱϲ£
д¥ϽһƫƧĵط˼ҹ֮⣬ûκεĽ  ȻôһطһϹ°ͣҵ֮ĳȴ  ǲٰ
׹ʱ򣬿ȫͣĳҲЦŵ
տ׵ף㿴ĸǽ滹кܶͷͻ֪Ĵʩ൱ܵģ
Щô֪ϽдºȭĵطģЩƵʵ
ºȭͦĵģⶫһ˻治ܹߵˣǶһЩȨ󡭡
ԼģطЩϤģôҲ˵һ»
ʵһ֮ʲô찡ʲôĻҲ֪ˡ
طô治᲻˹İɣüʵ
飿ҾͲ֪ܼڽڰͨҲ顣ֻҪ治ǰСආҲ飿Ѱ˼ǽһ¶Ұɡ
ճԭʵҲⲻһĿν飡
ɺƳì֮ͻȻ˲һǺء
к̨ǺǣЦŵ
֮ǰ˵伱Ǵ绰ģɺҲûмʲô顭ʼ
طҲǸ˾ܹȥɣ׿Ųʵ
Ա
մԼİͳһŻԱ
һºȭĶĳҲһʱˡ
׿ŲյĻԱҲǵͷ
ռܲ׵ڵ׽ȥطŹ˵ġ
յʵſڵͣͦСģǿǸд¥ûУָָǸϾɵд¥ʵ
ֻ㣬ְռܲҲʼʾԼˡ
յͷд¥ʵһβ¥Ƴ֪ʲô취Уӣһ㵽ɶͣһ͵¶Ƕĳ
ĳǵºȭ׿Ųʵ
ǣֻеºȭľʵһµĻ϶ڵһ㣬һĲſȥ¶㣡ǵע
ն˽ıȽ϶ģʱƳֱӾȥ˵¶㣬Щء
߰ɣȻˣôҲýȥЦŵ
һŻԱԴ˽ȥˣҲû£߰ɡһţѾǵǸſˣ
յĳǱʱݵһֱֺӷеġ
ӽ֮ͣÿһĵݿڶǰרԱǱߵġ
ãʾԱ
Щ˻϶Ͽ˵ģԵóԼĻԱ֮ǼһûЯǽȥˣ
˵֮ҲЦЦôֻеһģ
Ҫ¶㣬ʱҪеĳ룬ҵʱרԱ㻤ġ
տ׵ȻĹ϶Ƕá
ռܲ΢΢һ̾оרҵû뵽龹Ȼñ湫˾Ҫרҵ
տ˿׵ףҪȻȥһһ³룿
Ŵ򿪣µĿռ俴ȥʮֵĹһ̨  ̨ȥĄܴ̊́һ͵LEDĻǱ߿Կõע
ãǽӴԱܸΪǷ񡭡
һŮɷεŮӿȥΪ欣дһĵĿ׵
׿˿ѽܹģô棿
һ淨ܼ򵥣ÿעһ򣡣Цŵ
һôСЩüʵ
С
ǸһȻϰ࣬¶Ҳʮ棡
עһ˻治
Ͼ㲻ֻһѾͳˣĽӴԱҪܹȥ¶ĴϰĻɿɲͰ
˵ЩӴУһˣԴﵽʮ֮࣡
ʮ򣬶Щ˵񲢲Ǻܶ࣬ɶһͨͨĽӴ˵Ǽֱ˰  ЩӴһ϶ûʲô̫ģ  һ׬ʮģҲֻһѣ
вƱһҶ룬ܹвƱмأ
ǺǣеǮӮߣ׺ŵĿ
һ׵Ļ̿׵ҪһЩģҲԣȥ߶һ롭




620²Ըٶ
 

ºȭĳһ  طȥһ̨һ㣬ڷָտ  ˵Ҫתˣ
Ŀˣ̨һŮ˿ʵ
ǵģҵĿˣҪһ롭һ˿˷ܵ
õģҰǼһ£ףˣǸҲЦŵ֪Ҫһٵĳ룿
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ƺЩһһӻûзӦĹһڣ
ºȭ쵽Ҳʱˣûпһ˵һιͳôǮģ  Ȼ˵ڵĴľҲֹһΣǶǸҹӸ֮Ķѣ
ô͵Ҫˢһת˵ģǵһμ
һԵҲЩ𾪵ĿʵҪһٳ룿
һڣ´ʺҲûôĲɣ׳ʵ
ǣ´ʷǳû˵ʵĿ˱Ͼ
ǸֵҲǳЦЦһǮĵط
ǮǴүûǮĻӣӿ¶磡
һڣ˵˼ҵ۾Բֹô࣬򸻺ȷǺܶࡣ
ϾڣϹģĵºȭҲҲҳ  һ˷ܵĿ׵Ҫһһǧһŵĳ룿һŵģһһŵģ
һǧһŵİɣ̫СҲû˼һǽܽܽıˡ
׿Цŵɲģ
ºȭһʼҲΪССֶѣӴ֮ŷָô£
һˮ¶ǹڵģܼұϿģ׬ǮĿ»  ֲò֪ܼҵжǮЩɫһ˻ǱȲϡ
ܿ죬ת˽Ѿɣ  տ۾գһ£ֱӶһһڣǰһ²ǵ֮  ֲ˼Ҹղ˵ҪԼ׵ľãڿӦˣ
һó棬ɲôģ  ԭĸǧҪóһڳһģǿ϶ҲǼΪ۵ġ
ʮŸǮҴСĳݸףʮųĳ룬ǿǼֵһڵİ
׺Ͳյ˵¶㣡  ¶һȣҪ˺ܶ࣬һϡϡʮ˿״ŮˣҲֻǿ˿Ȼְ۾̨֮ϣ
Щ˵λһЩͨȣǵҪ̫̫ˡ
ɳ̨ڷ˽ʮɳÿһɳǰĲ輸ϣŸʽƴ̺һƺţ  һʮˣʮ˸λӦǼˣ  ¶͵һ㲻һˣϾ˵¶Ļ㲻ֻøһİɣ
̨֮ϣ̩ȭڲɱȥǳѪȣÿһȭڶԷϣǿɶǷ˳Ƶ
ߵ淨в٣԰ǹ˾עҲԸ˶Զģ˽½ס
ЩӣҲЦŵ
Ǻǣ淨ʡ׿Цŵ
С㣬ôпˣһһǧ򣬽ٱˣ
6źƵɳϣһ˳
ٶտ˿ٶ׳ϼŵļ̳㲩ǼҪҵģʵǳĲ
ԭҲһȦӵģʵҲʶ߰˰ˣ  ϾƳʶҲ̼ҺܼҵĹϵ֮ǰҲǲģƳȻϤ  Ӵٶڻ˼ذŮ֪ް
ٶԱߣ7źڵɳϣһŮЦ˵Ҳ֪ŮӦò
׿˿ǱߣһԵռܲطôסİҽоĲգŮ˭ôоеأ
ߣҸս˵Ǹֲճ
Ǹ˫ľŵǧС㣿ռܲʵǼҲǸǼҺز𣿡
֪ҸΪʲôôǱˣǰ״绰ʱᵽ˫ľųʵ顭
ҲɵӣѾˣڻԼ˫ľҲźܴĹϵġ
С㣬ҿ˵пˣڻй棿ٶŲ¶һ˿аЦ
տ˵ʲôϵ
㲩ӹһ˿ȻôûȤѣ
ѣһЩѣ棿׿㲩
ǣӢ۾ţСӣ治𣡡㲩м˵
գҿ㻹Ǳ߶۵ˣϽؼʰ̯ӰɣֲŲ¶˲мЦݡ
ֲ㡭ոоԼ䣬ڵȷ  治棿Цһʵ




621ºȭʷľ
 

ºȭĵ¶㣡
㲩ֲȥһӪģΪʲôԲЩö֪ˡ
ײ֪Ҳ֪Щ˵Ҫʲô  طΨһĿֻһǾӮǮ
Щ֮ˡ
Ȼ棡ղ˵ˣ治𡭡㲩һոտʼûжãҪȻһ
һĵºȭ϶ҪʮӵʮӵḶ́  һЩʱȽϳԴﵽСʱϣһСʱĻϾͺܺˣ
治˵İɣ׿㲩һ治ء
治𣿹СӾȻ˵㲩治Цˡ
㲩ı൱ĿţȻԼǰСӿһֳ衣
ֲһЦҺǵºȭĶľ־ٶͻٶĶľְɣ
ǼһǮȴҪǼҶôһ㣬ôأڵĶľ֣ԹԵĸң
㲩԰ڵĳɷ棬ȻΪ˵ġ
˭СӸղžȻôĿԼأҪ⼸֪֪㲩ʲôˣ
ף㲩ҿ൱ǮȫҲŽǰʮְ
ȻƣԼҲòϣЩ֮У㲩Ȼ㲻ͷҲŽǰλġ
ȻˣʶЩ  ռܲʵף֪׵Ƿǳǿġ
ռܲǸŮǿˣ׵ĸǰⲨ̳ܵϣһŮܹҲǾԲ׵ģ
׿ŲЦŵôǮذ
СӣжǮ˵ӷ㵽ף㲩Ǯѹˡ
ղȻ˵С治ôھҪǮһ
ⲻĿģĿҪһ׬Ǯ
㲩ɵôȻǣ
ܹط棬һֱĻ棿  ˵ڻӯˣ֮һ  ȻˣϲѪȵĶҲϲĲ
ºȭϵһͬ壬һû¾ͻط  ףǧҪһӡ
ող㲩Ļ֮ҲǸо˾ǸƵˣ
ڵĶľ֣ⲻǳô
ǰǮһҪ˵Ļǿ²һܹܵİ
ռܲҲǵѵǧҪ嶯
ȷҪȫۣ׿㲩Цŵ
ǣȻȷôڿء㲩¶һ˿Цݵôŵԭʲôط  ǾҪʲôĶľ֣ͻƳ֣
ʱҲǶһ壬ƽʱ㲩Ҳôɵ˹ؼʱ̵ĻɾͲˣ
ԣǳϣһܹһӰȫҶѹ  УСǰɣ׿˿ڶһʮڵĳ
׵Ҳǲڶһ࣬óСϿиʮھͷǳĲˡ
һʮˣ
ĺһĹ๾ȻҲǱ׸ŵˡ
һԵ㲩Ҳǵɴ۾ףһǲǷˣ  ʮڣ  һжʮڣ  ôôĲأ  һ˵ĳ嶯Ҳ̵ףǷ˰ʮڰΪ򰡣
ռܲҲǼæ㡭㲻Ҫ嶯
ǮⶫȥģʱҪӮ˵Ļһ˷ڣ
˵ĵޱȣűʤİյġ
㲩ΪԼʤȴӵźʹݣҪ˭Ӯ˭Ӯ  㲩ֲһۣ˵ƺ˷ܡ
ʮڰ  û뵽һ˹Ȼһ
˿ȥǽˣطƼȫҪ˵ʶǸǲܵ飡  ʮڣȷ㲩һ˿˿Ĳ  ܹλ΢΢ģǿ϶ĶĶˡ
˵һǧ˵ǧĻ㲩˵Ὺһ£ɲӣ  Ƕʮڣǿɲһ˰  㲻˵Ҫȫһ㲻ɣǮҲȥģûбģͺӣ
׿ȥһͽȥ൱ķŭġ
ãڵЩˣȥȥһʮڵĳ
㲩һô˵ˣҲһ´ȵ
˭˭ľ֣Ľ¾ͻˣ
ºȭʷĶľһѾǲˡ




622ϷҪ
 

¶㣬ԭˮľ棬Ǳӽһʯͷһ㣬˲
㲩ֲ˴˿̵ǷǳĿģΪǸоԼҪϷˡ
Ȧ֮УҪǶĸһǧ˵ҲЩͷʮڵĶľǾͲֻпͷˡ
׺ռܲвϵǸɳϣҸһŮȥҲӵұĸо
18Ƶɳ
տЩ˵ף㲻ܸǶģûģ
ǺǣôⷨºȭûһƽĻƣƾܹӪôꣿ˭Ҳɵӡ
׿ŲЦŵʵ׶˵ν飡
ҲˮһӾͰȫ۶ˣʱˣ۶ûлرĻᰡ̵
ռܲҲЩе˵鱾û̫ĹϵҲҪѹȫҰɡ
ҵȻҲôɵЦŵ
պռܲЩĿĿףǸ㲻һﵽʲô  ûãǸųһͼ͹ˡ
ãǻδȭֵϡ
ϵݸ׵
ʲô˼׿ʵ
˽˶ľ֣Ϊͻṩʮȭ֣ǶͬһģʱԼָȭȥ
׽ֻܵȭֲɵºȭԵþͲƽˣ
ô֪ǺǸ㲩ǲǺϵһǮĻǮǴˮƯ
һɫһǵ
ʮڵĶľ֣ǵֵôࣿ
˿׵֪˼ǡ
Ҿѡȭ֣죡׳ֻǲ֪ߵȭܱܲϣ
ϣʲô˼
ЩԾĿףʮڵĶľֲС£һȻ֪ġ
֮  ˵ĽʵҲġ
׿ʼ˼ʵܼ򵥣Ҫȭ֣ԺǵºȭûκεĹϵ
ҡûû뵽׾ȻôһУҲһ
ȻûоȨȫһоȨ˹ɣ׳һԿ˿֪϶ڼصġ
ϷҪ棡
һȭֲܹϵ  ׻ʱһӴ˽ȥ
λĹ£ղ˵Ҫǵȭ֣
ǸˣʵϣղҪ㲩ʮڵʱˣ  Ҫȭ֣֪ٲǸԸⱻƭɵӣ  ȭУʵǱȽģ  һȭ֣һĴҲǸǵʤģ׬ٶ࣬Ҳᳬ򣡣  Ϊ̫ߵĻʱȫûбҪɱˡ
Լˣôܷأ׳ϰӦҲϿɵİɣϾǶĵĿ൱ġ
˵ôôīأ㲩һ׾ȻҪôɫһ  ʵôҲΪ䣬Ƿųߵ㰡
˭֪ߵʲôϵû˵ֻ˸ǩ˺ͬǵĶԼʽЧ
һ㲩ȻٶȻǵ˽˶ľ֣ǵּһΪͻ룡λǲģҲ֮飡ǿ԰λ˼ɡ
ܿ죬ǸӾվ׵ĸǰȥһ߳ͷ˿ڵҲǲ٣һ˿Ÿоǿ  졭Цŵǵºȭȭ֮һ ۸񡭡
˵ۣ׿
ˬ죬ȻĻǧΣҲʨӴ󿪿ˡ
ʵǩЭҲʤһǮһͻҽҩʲôġ
ҪΪҺڣҲֵܸѪӣ  ºȭһʱ䣬ʵһǮҲûõء
ԣǰеЭ鶼٣ںͬһǰеЭȫϣ׿ЦЦ
УܵЦɸջˣȭʵܺңһ˵ûκεʧ  ҲһϾʮڵĶľ֣
ǧգһʺ
һԵ㲩ɫĿܣȻѡǸ죬Ҿѡڽ=ɡ
УһVSڽա
ųڳȻ˵㲩ӮǿԷֵܶǮġ
˼ҪǲأʱһǮҲ̲Űصľǰ棡  ˵ˣûа㲩
ҪĲһĻѺڽոȥӮǮ
˿㲩΢΢һЦٶиһ¡
ܿ죬˱̨һߣ  㲩СɵģϲٶһҪӮʮ˰
˵ܰһﻹͦȻ뵽ȥȭΪ㲩Щǵ˵᲻ʲôⰡ
⣿ȻУٶʱֳ㹻ĻһЩġϾڽյ״̬Щ㲩¶һ˿Ц
㲩ҧҧһηմ߿
ɽ
¶һ˿Цݡ




623VSڽ
 

18Աߣ
ȭվ׵Աߣ˻һԲ
һ˲ĹѾǻˡ
֮һĵǣΪԼĹʶûõء
ڵºȭµʱ䣬һ꣬ʱӦÿõʮĹˡ
Ǯ˵ҪģƺһжѾˡ
ǧԼֵôǮ  죬ҽףڿʼֻһˣ׳
õģ
һȥúôȭȫʤˡ˴⣬Ƚ̸Цŵ
ǵĹʻûиң
һƵ˵治ǸҪۣղôҲ۰
ǺǣʲôûģҪӮĿɲô㡭Цŵ
һأճ
׿˿죬һľֵּʮڣ㶮á
ʮڣ
ʿˮһʮʲôӶ̲סЩˡ
ȥɣЦŵҲ㣬ʱøһǻģӮˣõȻ࡭
дһĨսһȫ
VSڽգ
̨֮ϣͺڽѾͬʱվ˳ϣЩ֮һ˵Ǳ˴֮лʤĿԵġ
㲩֮ѡڽգΪڽյʵʮۺǵһġ
ҺڽոĽĿǰʤϵ12ʤ1
һκڽյʧܣΪ˲ԭ˵ų˲صĻڽӦʤġ
㲩Ѿڽ³ŵֻҪһڽջʤʱͽһǧĳͣ  һǧúڽĶˣΪºȭô4ʱ䣬Ҳͻ߰ҵĳͣ
ֻҪһǧѾһˡ
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Ǹڽյȭ֣һ͵ģĶûκεĻڣȡʤ
һһ㲻ԭҪ͵Ϯڽգһһ֣սʵ̫ḻˡ
䣡
һȭ˷صֱӽɣһֱײ˺ϲŵ
ȿȿȣ
ԼؿڣһȭʵЩҪ
һͳ˸յĶţΪ׵ӮԼӮҪϵԼҵ˰
ʱ֧ףѲɻֱ֧  ģڽգô򡭡
㲩˷ܵվź찡
ڽһֿɾȫڽ¶һ˿Цһεĳ˹ȥ  ۾һɣղȻ˵ˣɲôһ㿹ûеĻôܹطأ
һӰ
챾ܵĶ֮Ǹڽյ˫֮䴩һȭͳǸڽյĺȻȥ  أ
һƵȭͷײǺڽձһȭĹ˵ϣ
ֱͣ˫ųǺڽյĺ˹ȥ  һȭţ  ڽһӱЩزˣ  ģʲôܡ㲩źڽձˣΪĲˬ  üͷ΢΢𣬲ЦŵɣӦûġ
ȻǺڽձ֮һεվŤ²֮ٺЦ
׿ųеľ֪첢ǰڽյĶ֡
ٶ֮⣬ǿ϶ռ·磡
˵ڻɱĻаٷ֮ʮĿʤ
̨ôСĿռ䣬ǶסٶȣǺڽվͻռݾ޴ƣ  ɱһ㲩ʱѾվ̨ıϣϵĳźڽռ͹ľ
ġһ𽥵ռҲ˷ܵĽ  ֻǽһЩϢˣ  ̨֮ϣѾǱڽձƵһ棬ڽ߱۳Բ̨ĿռʮֵСֱΪڽһ㣡  ڽһץס죬ĶͷĶͷһ£  Ѫ棡
챻صײ֮˸оԴģڽˤһ̣оԼѾȥˣ  ֻ˭Ҳûп׵һӣһεѾǰס죡
ԭ죬ƺоһִĺ㣬˺Ƴս
սӳ֣  ׿ɲʲôʡ͵ĵƣѾֵĺˣʱôһ֣Ǽ˵Сǿˡ
ǺģҲðڽո




624¶ʮڵ
 

̨֮ϣ
ԼףղԼʹ࣬һ˲·ʲôҩһ㣬Ȼ֮䲻ˣ  ˣһ¸оǰδе  ʵϣǾۼؾͨ˵˶ΧⱾǲܵ飡
ʵǿĳһпʵ֣  ǡþһ֣ҪӺڽյ֡
Ѫ죬˶֪սǺܲңҲû˻ȥʲôˡ
ף첻ˣô찡
յǳסռƵʱͺܿģһ첻̾Ϣˡ
ȻˣҲͨ˵״̬
ռܲһĵȻףȻĽǿοգⲻǻûнٵȵȿɡ
ҲЦŵŷ˰ٷ֮ʮˮ׼İɣӮģ
Ҳôֻ˰ٷ֮ʮأɱЩĿʵ
Ҳƣ椻дɰʵ׵ư
ֻܹ˵˵ʾʵʵʵǺǿģ֪
ðɡЩļĿų룬ʵ֮һ㶼Ͽ˵Ļ
ǱʵҲûİɣôѪоˡ
̨룡  ڽһЦ죬ڣѾ뿪ҲûбҪˣȥɡ
ڽһεĳ˹ȥ  䣡
һȭϣƺûκεķӦֱһȭҲͬĴ˺ڽյ֮ϣ    ɲгһɱʽĴ򷨣ִһºٳ֡
ΪܶɲԹΪ̨ʵ࣡  ڵĺڽҪľһǧΪһǧǸɵҲϧ
˵ˣԭһսˣѾ㲻ˣ
ȻڽգһȭȥҲǲģ
ڵĺڽԱѾѿһӣѪҲʼ˳͸  Ѫúڽһ˷ܣ  ԼǱߵѪдһ˿ҵҪ֧Ŷá
Ȼ֪׷ʲô飬ڸоʲôʹ  ǸղźڽһȭȻһִʹУɺܿʲôûзһ㣡  ˡ
첻֪Ϊʲô֪һ㣬ɱ
ܹ˿ԥԼĸĸźҪһ˵ϣɶϰ  ڽպ켸һһȭڶԷ϶Ժ䣡
ʱҲһһĹȥˣ
ˡ
۾һ˿â˿˿񼣡
֣ʵ̫ˣ
յ˵Ļ첻ӦܹܺڽôȭĻ򣡣  ںڽƺѾЩҡҡ׹ĸоǳ˷ܼһ㣬ȥƺ  ܣôˣôôҲûе£㲩ˣһҲ̫а˰  ΢΢ҡͷֿܣһ־һֱʵһֿܾǺڽղ״̬
ܣҪ˵Ļǡ㲩ЩĿʮǿɲСĿ
Ƕ㲩˵Ҳһʾ޿ˣ
ӮڿȥЩʧˣ
ٶڽѾʵǿˣʵĻҲûа취ǹҡ
δ䣬һȭ˺ڽյ֮ϣ  䣡
ڽҲܲشӦأ  쳯źڽյĸǰ˹ȥʤǰһ̨  ʱ쵹Ҳʲô鷳ֱקźڽվͳ̨·˳ȥ
Ӯˣ
һĿףһֱΪͿҪˣһﾹȻӮˣӮôİ
ַʽ˸оѪŵģ  һԵռܲͲϲһŵڷˡ
ģ
㲩嵽˺ڽյĸǰǰźڽվǼţʱĺڽƺһ㣡  18ӵĸǰ
Ѿ˹ȥǮϾԼҲǺۣ  㲩һ㶼ǿӮģҲûʲôʧ  ʮڵĳѾǷ׵ĸǰЦŵϲˣ
װڰֵǺǣ׬㻨Ǯѣûʲôùϲġ
֪Ҳٶһѣ׸ǰڷŵô룬Ҳһȡ
ʮھôҪߣȻǲϣľ棡  ΪʧȥĿɲһͻ㲩ĴͻҲҪʧȥˡ
ٶһѣνʼ
ף㡭㡭
ոոռһ׵ĻĶ˰أӮôһ㣬׾ȻҪ
һ죬յ




625Ҳɲ
 

ºȭ  дȣǰڷʮڵĳ룬оѪţ  ʮڰ
ʮڶǵأǻһʲôĸо  ղ㲩ˣȻҲЩΪʲô䣿ʵˣ  һٶı򵹣һСǿһ㣬˿һǿ־  ˬ죡
һ״ӦԵҲ쳣ļ  ʵϣ㲩ǵºȭˣӮƲס
Ͳһˣ㲩ԲôľľԼأ  ׿ֻǲ֪ϰҪôķأ
Цŵ֪ʲô뷨
ʵҲһɲİߡ׿΢΢һЦ
ŶȻҲɲİߣǸðдһ˿˿ĺɡ
һ￴ȥݲģȻ˵ɲİߣ  ôҲ񰡣  ˼ҼȻ˵ˣϣܹ׬˵Ǯô˵ʲôǾʲôˡ
㲩ֲףǵмܹ˸ˣ
˱ˣʮڣ㲩ȻռŴͷģŹɷݵġ
㲩ʮڣֲʵҲǳڵġ
Ǯ˭Ҫ׬أֲֲɵӣ㲩͵ºȭĹϵȻҲ֪ġ
ȵ׼Ӯʮڵǣû뵽Ȼ⣡  ʮڰôûˣ  ˭Ųأ
ЦŵѾһˣҪٴһĻҿǳԲ
ǵºȭ϶һһ춥һʵǳǿˣǿԴ
⵹ҲǴţһȽϲҵĻһʵѾǹˡ
ҪȻϰ壬ҲǸɲİߣԼԣ׿Це˵
㲻ǿЦİɣɲİ
ҲһһﵽҪʲôɲİߣԲǿɾ̫̫ˡ
һԵĲպռܲסˣһǲǷ˰
ղ˵ڶһֵʱŮѾЩҪĸоˡ
ôͲ֪ʲôþأ
ǸסˣһﾹȻҪϣʲô
ºȭʱʱȭȥҲǺ飡  һΥĿѪȱǵ⣡  ȻһǮˣôȥأһҪǲСı˸˵Ļǵʱĺԩˡ
ף㲻ҪְǼˣԽԽܺˡ
ԼôǮǲԼ̫˰  ׬Ǯûӿ̫˰ԼͲĵ·ϣ  ռܲҲһǵĿ׵ҪȻǵ˺ˡ
һתһ̫ͣȻ˵ҪԼ  ⵹Ǻܺðһ飬ֻҪʱ򲻰̨ⲻ͵  ʱǮҲ׬ˣԼҲûл˵
һ뵽ʮھͰԼǰѾ˲ôˣ׹һЦĪǸҿЦİɣĻҵǾÿԣ
׿ЦŵϰһЦô˵ɣҲʮʱˣѰ׳ǽҵ
Щмߵȭ֣󺺽ʵ̫ˡ
ܣҪȻǾôˣЩе˵
㲩ֲһҪϣ˵жһ˿ĺ  㲩ܣҸҲһ
ֲܣѾˣҲøһĻɣ
ҪӦӦˡ
ʵϸҪһΪһ̫ùˡ
ңݲӣܹզΣ
䣬Ҳɲºȭɣ
ڽȻͬģºȭ棬Ƕǰʮλġ
λһˣڿӵ99ʤ0İս  ׿˿㲩ֲ΢΢һЦҶģǸǮ
ٶĶʮڣҲң㲩ֲȷͦǮġ
ɸղô࣬һóôǮʵǷǳѵģ  㲩Բô׵ķŹ׵ģôõĻǰܲϧ
Ϻ궼Ķˣ˵һ϶ǱʤĵģĻȻôĻġ
˵ˣһεĺܣǿǿʲôطȥ
Ӯľ棬Ҳֻܹ̻ԼıǮˣ
УǮҲӮģʮڶѣνˡʼ
պռܲˣ
һҲ̫ˣʮѲǶʮǮ˵ҪͲҪˣ




626´ܼ
 

ģ  պռܲΪȱľģǿ֮ǰֵǾͲôĵˡ
ǲûпڵĵҲǿġ
ϾʮڵĶע׻ðΣգ  ľ˵׬㻨Ǯ㻨Ǯ׬Ҳʵ̫̫˰ɣ  ãʮǸˣܵĶľ㣡
㲩ɲߵĶľֵʲôӵģΪĵľԼߵġ
ո˶ʮڣܲ  ʮڰ  ȥô㲩ֲҲﻢˣ
ԭǵǺõģҪΪԼļ׬һǮô죿  ͽ̬  һѾ˳Ǿ͵̻رǮ  㲩ֲѾҪڴ׵ȥ׬ǮˣھǴʮڣҲǼΪѵġ
Ϊ㲩ļкֲļǿɶģѲɲҪʽ
ǮɺܶǮǶǹ̶ʲ
дж٣ûˣ  ºȭķҲ൱Ķ࣬онǮôһʱ򲻻ĻϢҲǾ˵ġ
Ҳһѻʮһӱ˶ʮڣҲܵӰ죡
Ȼǲ˲ֵģ
ôĶľ֣Ҳǲ˿ʵǾٶĶʮڣ
飬ҶνҪĸʮҲģһҵҪ˵һ¡׿΢΢һЦ
һ׵ӣЦŵ˵
ǰ׵˲үһĹţ˵ĻǷǳġ
ղһ˵ʮҲûʲôʱҲжһ¡
һǮ  ʮڵֽϣʲô  ׿ЦŵһǩԼʱ򣬱עһ㣬ˣľȡ
һסˣ漴ЦŵЦˣǵ㵽Ϊֹ˭Ҫ̨߱ô
ãϲ棬ҲԼСȥͲֵˡ˵ʮڶ˵һĿ
˵м٣һԺ
ĳϢȴǷǳĿĵģӦЩʵģһȴӵİϧԼ  ټһǮƸںģһɵĸ  ȥһЩ˼ӮǮֿ֮ȴǸı䲻˵ġ
ȻҪ棬Ǿˣ  Це˵һоȥ׼׼
΢΢һЦУ
뿪˵¶㣬ڱҪԼϰܺӶƳ˻㱨һ£  ȻҲܼ֮ˣȴܼҵϵ  ʹϰܺӶֵܵĹϵܹΪܺӶһƬÿԼ׬߰ǧڣѾˡ
ܹ׬Ǯ˭ϣ׬أ
Ƴ˿Ѿǻص˼УܺӶԼĶӱ֮Ҳŭ  Ѿ׼ԼеԴڲ̼ҽȫķɱ
ʵôҲΪ󻯣
ʱ򾰸˸ʱܺӶڵ׼һ׮£  мĲٿԴﵽʮң  Լӱ˴һƣһҪǴʮڳ⵹Ҳˣ
ø磬
ܺӶһĵ绰ҲǽǼ׬ǮĵºȭҲǸɵĲ
ܺӶӪҵô
ø磬Ҫ㱨ء˵꣬Ͱѽ˵һ飡  ʮڵĶľ֣ûκεľȨʱҲⲻ𰡣
ҪϰĻİˣ  ʮڵĶľ֣һСӸӮˣܺӶЩ𾪵ʵСʲô·
ø磬Ҳ֪ǸŽ̼ҵĴСһģס
ףܺӶЩʵ
һԵƳһ֣һ֣ղ˵˭ףʶǲһ̻ۿҵŮһ飿
ǸˣܺӶҲһ˿ɫжǮǶ㵽ףǵڿʼɣ
֡ô£Ƴʵ
ʾƳԼһϳȻ·ϾͿʼƳľ
֣СӿȥȻôǮƳʵ
ܺӶ㲻Сҳӵ𣿡
ߣҵǵºȭҳӣҾ͸޻أСӾȻҴҡƳԼͣȻòᣡ  ܺӶдһ˿ƳסСӼȻǵĳӣҲǮҲҪ׬ҲܷŹ
ܺӶθڿɲһĴҪ׵Ǯ׬ߣҪײܺù
ֻǲ֪ǣͬҲôġ




627ʮڵĶԶ
 

ºȭ  ˶֪¶Ѿ˵Ľţ
ʮڵʽѾת˲֮ˣ
Щ˿Ļ»ᾪ°ˣ  ܺӶƳϵߵʱѾſӭˣλĻϰ壡
ӵºȭܺӶƳ׬ǮѾʮˣ
ֻǽ˴ӳĶľ֣
ǮǸö˭Ҫ  ȻҲ֪˭ҲǮ࣬ǵǮѾ㹻ǻҲиԣ
ôأ
Ǯһĳ̶֮ǰ׬Ǯһܣǵһı룡
ø磬˰
һܺӶ֮ҲЦܺӶĴϰ塣
ܺӶһǸ׵Сӻ棿
ǵģ̻ۿŮպһŮ档㲩ֲѾ˶ʮڣһ⡭
ܿĻ㱨ʵ֮ҲЩġ
Ƴ壬ʲôСҪ
ǰ˵Ҫ˵ƳѾƿڴ壬ʲôǾһ飬һ㶮𣿡
ǣֵ˵ԼҲһɲİߣСݲҿҲǸʲô֣ҡ̵
ܺӶ˵ôµģʲôֱ˵ˡ
ø磬С˵ҪǩԼʱһ˵ĻǵʱǩԼЧˡЦŵ
ҲһôΪʲôߣܺӶ΢΢һЦ
СӿӮ˶ʮڣ۾ҲǺˡҲҪӮɡЩɵ˵
ܺӶҽȥʱᣡ
Ͼ漰ʮڵĶʣҲҪأ
ʱһӮ˵ĻЩѪǾ͸֮һˣɲܺӶҪľ档
Ƴ֣˵СӸûϣӮӮߣ
Ƴ˵ûСʮˣǲСӣҲһ˿â
ǣӮôɣһҪӮˣڵʽҪߣҲûôף˶׼ˣ¶㿪ʼ峡
ܺӶ֪Ŀ϶ⲻ˵ģͳСӴԼĶӣҲصĴ۲а
ƳܺӶЦŵ֣ǾôˣҪŪСӣһȥȺݺݵĳһٸ˵
˴һƬЦ߽˵¶㣡
˿̵ĵ¶㣬ЩԭֵѾʧ峡ЩҲЩԹġ
ûа취ȻܹУ⿴ֵȨȻҲûˡ
¶㣡  տƳϰܺӶʱɫҲǱ˱䣡  һԵռܲƳգôˣ
յиʮڵĶľ֣Ȼûİ壬Ҳ޿ɺǣֻǵġ
ʲôռܲŲյ
յܼɲʲôҸ˵ǾǿŰ⣬Щȭĸֳҿ¼ӮˣҲ߲
ЦŵǷˣ̫ˣ
ף˵أаأ᣿ΪĻں𣿡ոоЩЦ
ʼ磬δ˵  ܺӶѾߵ׵˵ĸǰ¶һ˿Цݵ
ǣϻҿͲ˵ɣһỹԼءƺܺӶûκεȤ
λǵºȭϰܺӶԱλҪܡ
׿Ƴʶʶ绹һԷš
СӣּˡƳٺЦһµ˵Ӯ˶ʮڣ
û취ͷɵӶ࡭Цŵ
һԵ㲩ζҪըˣһﾹȻ˵Լɵӣǿ벻̰  ܺӶڰ֣㲩Ҫ˵ͣȥ
ܺӶ׵һ˰Ȼ˵ĻǾͿʼɣ֪ҪǶĶ󣿡
Ⱑ΢΢һЦԼŰɡ
ʮڣôܺӶ΢΢һЦˣһҲǮȥ  ô򵥣  ǶʮҲãʮҲգ  һˣ˳İһǮҪ֣һӮ˵ĻҲлһصģ  һʮڣҲЦͷ׬Ǯװ  ԼõʱܹЩԣǲ
ʮڣǿʼɡܺӶҲЦ˿˭ϳ
΢΢һЦ
Ұ֮ǵºȭ˸š
ȥǰޱȣ
һ֣Ҳ¶һ˿ЦǾͿʼɡ




628֮
 

̨֮ϣ  һȥ߲࣬ȥȴ׳ʵٵվǱߣ  Ǹ첲ҪһԵռܲȶҪһЩ˲ǱˣºȭʵΪǿᣬ˳ơ֮ˣ  սʮֵİˣ˵ºȭһ̣ս99ʤ0  Ҳ˵Դӳ̨֮ϣ˻δһ  ˵һֵĻʼǽһ㣡  վ̨ϣƽˮ
ֻǵһֵʱͷһȣ
ֻҪСӾˣɡƳ֮Ҳǳ
ǣϰ壡Ƴ֮Ϊдŵֻһ˿Ȼ
׿һӱúˣ
ʮڵвֵһᣬɴȴһ  ֮壡  һﾹȻ֮壬жʱֿ˻ԭһεºȭ֮ãȻջ  ֮еһ֣֮һʻźܴ  ʵϣҪ˵ͬĻ֮ʹʵЩͬ
֮ʹĲͬڣǴ
ֻڹڳˣ֮ǾԵ˵ﵽ֮󣬸ǿ˺ѿռ䣡  ֮ǰ׷ʱ򣬾֮һ˷ܣ
û뵽ʱãһεķһʣ֮壡
˵ʣһͼ¿ƿʱ䣬һͼǿ˺ѿռ䣡  屻ǿνеˣ
ʵϣȷǳ˸ʽĹ죬ܶɽ綼ѵһʣȻطܹ
Ҳò̾Լʵ̫̫ˣ
һ̤ǵƺŲһͨˣһ˿һûа취գ  Ѿܹﵽ쾳ĳڣֱ찡  ˿ȥ˰
ЩƵĿǸˣܵĸоǸҪ֮ǰǸڽҪ̫̫ˡ
ռܲҲЩǵ˵ϣҪ²źð
Ҿ˵û·Ҫܰɣս㣬ǲϲʱôܹأƵ˵
ռܲһȣҲЩԳ˵ˣô˻ϲأ
ս㣬ɲҪԷƱĳŮҿǸ˶ֵˡ˵ĻҲ׷㰡
ȻһǣҲֻܹˣҪȻôأ
̨֮ϣ  ԽҲϲɾûôˡ
ףԼͳСӣϰҲɱ㣬ˣ
Ű
׿Щм˵һҪѾ徳۷Ļ˵׻Щͷۣ  ֮ˣǱǱһӵ֮ǻϾһѹ̬˰
һͻ֪Ϊʲôˣ¶һ˿ѪЦݡ
׿Ҫ֣ЦŵȻԼôţǲǴģ
ģüͷһʵҪʲô
СӷϻҸɵƳ
׿˿ǲҶˣ˰ɡ
һܹݻǷǳЧģŵˣµĲǱ˸ͻǱ˵Լûеӣ
ûвҵ顭Цһ
ãȻĻҿɾ˵ˡ׿ЦһҪӮˡ
ҪӮˣҪӮˣ㷢䡭ſɲǸǵá
ǰСӿȥӣӮԼ
ҪܹӮԼŹأ  ҪԼôŶûеĻܹ˳֮Ϊ
һԣ׿һһޣ
׵ȻĿǿʼɣ
ƺܵ׵Ĵ̼һ㣬˿оһ뷨Ǿǰһ̨  ʵӦ֮žԼЩԿˡ
СҲû˵ԼҪʲôԼ˺Ҫƾ䣡
ҲνˣСӮԼ  ֱǳ˵һ㣡  ಣ
һȭͷƿѾ˵Ķʵ̫ˡ
ƿ֮ԤʾѾǿʼˡ
ԭһЦݵˣ˿̶ѾǽŵĿ̨룡
¹ʮڵĳľ֣ûܹ⣬ܺӶƳˣҲϣܹСӣ  ȭͷܿ죬쵽ƺûзӦ
ֻȭͷҪﵽ׵ĸǰʱ׵һѾԱߣ
һȭգ·̾Ϣ֮




629˲
 

غϣ׶ɵĶ㿪ˣ  ܺӶҲüͷȻСʵġ
Ҫ֪Ľǿɶǿģ硢  ھȻСεĶ㿪ˣǶ쳣
Сӣֻ𣿡
غҪɵǰһһǸһ㡣
ƺÿһζҪһÿһȴֱһ㿪ˣ  ʼûһ涨öɣ
ȥɣ
ŭˣɫ𽥵ı죬ҲʼĴŴ
СʵսĵߣǾԲ̵ģ  䣡
һȭٴκһײûжܣȭͷȭͷ
ž̨ľ֨һƺжѵļ
üͷһ˶˺Ȼ֮ɫ
һСӣȻҺȭͷ
о𾪵ǣ֮СӾȻû˿˺벽  ˣ  ʵ̫ˣ
֮ʣ׵һȭѾֱŶȥ  ȻǿᣬķӦٶȴһ㣬ۿȭͷԼ֮Ѿֵ  أ
һȭ֮ϣҲǱص˵ϣ
ֱ˫ŶŸոص߶ȥ  ûͣȵѾһֱӳ̨˳ȥ
飡  ƺһػҳôܺӶ˵ĸǰ  ž  ¶һƬž  ֮վƺЩãȻ  Լ׻ڵأ̨߳˶ûзӦ
ɵȵӦʱѾǳ̨ˣ
ҡˡ
вʣȴڸղŵһ˲ܵ˱ԼҪǿ
ݲˣ
ӽ쿪ʼ׵ˣϣܹ˵㻰׿һưӣ  ЩɬĵͷҡһҵŵԵġ
㡭㡭ʲô˼
ܺӶЩŭĿǰһԼĵư  һˣҲǿ׳¶㡣
ȻֱͶһһŭˣ
׿˿ܺӶЦһϰ壬Ըķĵ㲻᲻ɣ
ܺӶԱߣ㲩ֲɵˣ
Ҳ֪ģǿǳս  û뵽һȥӵʱͱ׸̨
ֱǰźõľһ㣡  㲩ЩŭĿܺӶܡܺӶǾȻƭǡ

ܺӶ˿Ҳûط㲩˸Ƿŭ˼㣡  㡭ҵš㲩ֲŭ뿪ߣоԼƭˣ
һƭˣӦǴͨ˵ģ
պռܲ׾ȻôľͰǸȥЩɷʲôˡ
ܲأ
˶˷ܵĲ֪Ӧ˵ʲôˣ˶Ǳһϵϲ֮Ա  죬߰ɡָЦЦռܲͲջӻֵ
ߣ
Ƴһվ˳ڻûлع
ԼҵǮѾǱ˸Ӯˣ֮ǰ˵һǲܷߵģ
ô˲ˣü˿ܺӶ
ܺӶЦһѾǱˣľֲ㣡Ǵ߳ȥҲƽϡ
ҡûбˣЩ˵
׿ܺӶ΢΢һЦҾ֪Ҫô㻹˵һЩӦõ˶ô˵
˵꣬Ѿ˳ȥܺӶѾǱ׸
㡭ʲôȿȡ
ܺӶŲӣɫһƬҰ֮ɫ˶û뵽ط׾ȻܺӶ֣
Ƴһ׶֣ܵҪǰʱѾվ׵ĸǰ  СӵҲһѾˣԼ͸оԼ׵ˡ
ڿҪǰףȥ赲ˣ
ҵһӣһ֮ҿǮˣǾ͵ű˸ʬɡ׵ԨĶħһ㣬Ŷ˸оһս
ܡ㡭ȥǮܺӶǸںް
һжƻˣһжûаռƻ
Լ˱˵Уһ׼ɶûУ
֮׵ֻˣǮѾǵˣҲ΢΢һЦϣ´ǻкĻᣡ
״ܺӶ뿪˵ºȭȴûһ˸Ҹ  յĳ棬˳֮󣬳Ӻһ뿪ط
ܺӶȥӣĶ˶ţƺҪˣֻ֪ƾʵҪ׶ûκεĿԵģ  뿪֮󣬾͸ϴ˸绰ºȭԼܼҾĿˡ




630Ҹ̫ͻȻĲ
 

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ǵĳò̻ۿǳıдѹԽԽ
¥̾뽨ɹǻźܳһʱľ룬ʽѾ֧¥̵Ľˣ
ҪˣԭֵܼΪԼŮ׵ŭˣ
ܺӶԼľȥ̻ۿ֪ܺӶʵ  绰ԼŮԼŮȻػˣ  ʵϣΪֻûˣԲŹػˡ
ռܲһ˺ܾúܾãΪѾ֪ҪԼҵĴ¥ҲǾڶһȥԼߡ
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մ˾õĶ㣬һſԼüϰҲЦ
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̻ۿһſԼŮ֮˶ŭˣ
֣Ƴ̫ҡЩ˼˵
ʵΪ׵ĳ֣ûа취ˡ
̫հЩְһֱûи㣬Ӧ֪˰ɣ̻ۿƺԼŮ᲻״̬
ո׼÷ŭһεĻ  տԼЦŵ֣Ѿ˵ˣ
ȻѾ˵ˣҲˣֿƲˣ԰׼óǮԺҪԼˡ
̻ۿһ뵽ߣҲǸоЩԲԼŮ
֣Ҳ˵ˣֲûнİ취ֻҪ⾰˵Ļ㲻ܹתտԼϵ
Ϊô˵ˣǰˣҲЩ׽⡣ѾŴ˰
̻ۿΪͶ·Ļ  ׿Ų̻ۿЦŵ壬⳵ɽǰ·
㡭˭̸ˣ̻ۿʵʱѾˣֻҪ˵Ͱ׸ˡ
ڿ˵ҲǸϽѯʵ  һԼϵô˵ɫһ֣˵ʲôذλսס
ռܲѣһģҶûкСְǶԲ𡭡̻ۿһռܲѣҲǲ˼˵
ЦŵܲؿҽΪõġ
ԭ򡭡ɶ⣿ղ˵ɶ
Ҹ̫ͻȻˣ  ̻ۿһʼ˳׵Ļ׼˵ɵӦʱ˽մһĿס
տԼϰֵ֣Ҿ֪飬˼ǹĴ¥ġܼ˵˼򡭡
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ܣҪֽ׵İΪҡȱǮӦ֪ģ̻ۿ
׵ͷҵȻ֪Ŀǰķ۷ǳİгֵӦʮҰɣ
ԶԶԣڼų֣ʮڿ϶ȥģҪȻɣʮڣΣҪǸֽĻ̽ף
̻ۿ˷ܵģû뵽һϵ飬ھȻͽˣ  ׿Ų̻ۿЦŵҵˣʮھʮڣˣ
ǡ̻ۿˣͷǮģ  ǿڰ˵ҪͲҪˣ
׿Ų̻ۿЦŵҸҲ֮ˣǵĽɲֹڡĿǰѣҴʮڣǸزĿעʺ
⡭ҪҺ̻ۿЩȷʵ
̻ۿоԼڱˣ  һԵĲҲǺˮףôҲû뵽ײԼҵľãʮڣԼϵɹѹأ
жм
лл㣬ס쿴ס
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̻ۿǾʮȾϹһĶףҸͻȻƺ֪ôӦˡ
뿪˾ãȥռܲĹ˾
һҪռܲúõ̸һ̸ΪϻױƷȱһܲء
ռܲǸ棬ʵû⡣




631¼¶
 

ѾʽΪϼܲ
ΪĽĵرԽҲǳźܶ཭˵ϣ
ʽʷ̨˳ȡ֮һ˶޷һ漣
ԭ׼ȥռܲףΪʱеˣ  ΪãҪʵ̫̫ˡ
һڵʱ䣬ڴõ飬ҿװ޶ֳɵģҲʡȥ˲ٵ飡  ܼҿܼҲ˽  ĿǰǱ߹Ѿת״̬⼸컪˼һֱǱץʱŴ
ϿˮϿĿǰѾǵȫѻ⣡
ܶ˶˹ٷӶ⻯ױƷŨȤ⻯ױƷȴûУ
ܶѾʼѯ⻯ױƷʲôʱУ۸ǲǹľأ  ܡ
ҿ˶İ칫ң˿̲̻ۿĶѾȫʰˣ¥ǿտյġ
Ǿطô׿ҿЦʵ
⡭ǽģѾˣ
ҿоһ˷ܣ˵ĿǰıطչȻҲȲǰ
ǾԱصķչٶٻиܹ߰ΪһĳС
Ϊ˵ǣȻҪڴзչˣ
ЦŵԺΪϼŵ֮ܲһȻˣǱǹܲڼŰ칫۹˾ܲ
ܣǲҪʼƸԱˣ￴ʵ
Ȼ¡гϢ󻮣ÿһŶҪˣܼܴ󰡣
׿ЦŵȻᣬȥ黹еġ
ܣľҵѹҪ֮ǰڵĳҪСܶ࣬ΪѡĿռǳĹΪϼ³ҵʵܶ˶ǲ˽⣬ҪƸ˲š
ܼ࣬Ժ˵Ҫӣ׳
ʼ磬΢΢һЦܣʵ˵˵ȥһ⣬Ǿнʴ⡣˲ŵľһΪʵ˲ŵļֵʵֵһ׼˵׻нʴ
ҿЦŵǵģڴ£ܶ˻Ըѡһȶзչǰ;Ĺ˾𣿡
׿ЦŵԴܼ࣬нʴˡ뿴ܼнôĸܲúܲõнأ
Щ˵нûа취һҵĸ߹ֻܹʹҵľнܹҲֻͬȼġʼ
ҿģҸһ飬ʵĿǰǵнʱ׼̫һЩһܼðнԱһһĵı˵ҲǶʮϡ
ʮҿǲ࡭׶ҲνٸʵҲûж
ʮ򻹲ࣿһձҵĴѧн20KϣѾ൱ţ˰
ҿЩƵĿףϰܲ˰
ܹ˼һˣܹȥأ
￴׵ܣôģΪҪλ һܼ࣬һгӪܼ࣡
ĿǰеľгӪܼλãٶĿǰڱæŹ顣ֻܹ˰ЦЦ
ܣȰҵ뷨㱨һ£ҴԱĲ㼶ΪרԱܡܼࡢܲáܲ⼸㼶
׵ͷţһŵĹҲϳˣнʱ׼أ
Ȼղ˵ˣҾͰıɣ￴׵
׵ͷţ˵
רԱн25н35򡢾н45򡢾н60ܼн100򣡣оûǺ
Ͼˮ׼ǺܸߵģǺ˵ķֱۣ˿಻԰  ЦŵͬгӪܼĴ200нɡ
ԵģĹеҲ˵ʲôġЦŵܣʵǵнʴ˵ĻӦǲġȴ⼸λܼ࿪ʼȻԼŶӡ
Դܼ࣬ˣ˶ѧȻЩҪ󣬲ֻҪ̫εľͿԣصĻƷ׶ｻ
Цŵܣ֪ġˣ⼯ܲȥҲ̫һ㣬ƸĵطûС
ǺǣȥδܲˡЦŵ
δܲãҿһ
ҿҪʱҲǴ˸绰ռܲ
ʵϣľĿǰռܲǷǳʺԼλõģֻǻ֪ԸⲻԸ⡣




632ռܲܲ
 

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ռܲʱ򣬿׵ԱվˣԼӦǲࡣ
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ܲ˰
һڶռܲĳƺˣ˵ռܲһ˵ĸо
ʵϣһλȴ쳣ǿŮˣһ˵ջ㹻ġ
ۼ֤ռܲһЩ飬ǶռܲһЩ֮ͬġ
ţ˾ǱһЩҪԡռܲЩǸȻĿף׺ԼܲʱҲһĸˡ
ЦŵҸһ£λҿǼŵĲܼ࣬λŵܼ࣡
ܼࡢܼ࡭ռܲҲЩզ࣬µ˻ĺܰ
Цŵλҽҩ˾ռܲܡ
á
ҿռܲǷǳĿģϾ˼ҸϰĹϵƺܲ
һҪǴϰԺŮˣԺ󻹵˼ء
ռܲЦŵû뵽һ˾ȻôĿ찡ҵڻ֪Ǹʲôء
ռܲʶʱʵȻװĲ֪׵Ǹʲôģ
һӲ֪׺Ϊʲô  ЦŵĿǰ˾ױƷΪģ
ױƷǺǣû뵽ȻױƷģ֪ĸӰռܲЦʵ
ϿˮϿ飬ĿǰµƷȻˣûСЦŵ
ʲôϿˮϿ飿⡭ôôϤռܲЩƵĿס
˵ǹߵ֣һҲʲôط
ҿʵռܲһģͬ۴ѧУһۿġ
ȻͷβûпϰӰȴ֪ϰˡ
ôĺһ㼯һã˹ٷΪϿˮϿվ̨  ϵǸ˶ҪĪˣ  ҿЦŵǰһʱ˹ٷӻΪϻױƷվ̨ţӦüǵðɣ
㡭˵ͬ۴ѧǸУ᣿ԶԶԣˡ
ռܲһˣʱʱ˶оһֲ˼飡
Ǽֱݻеݻһôˣֱƿֲġ
ϻױƷѾ˰׿ռܲӣҲЦ
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⵹ҲûʲôģϾ˼ǵУǾԵĳڡ
˼ȫ׸֮ӵݣʶôʵҲ޿ɺǵ飡  ʵϣôأ  ǻ˼ţöЩ۱ǻҪţЩ˹  ţܹö˹ٷӺͿɪǰܹ˹ٷӺͿɪΪǵĻױƷ  ܣ  ǲܵ飡  Ȼռܲҿ벻һģ
ҿҪϲ˰ռܲЦŵ׵ĳɹǷĵһָˡ
ЦŵȱæŹϲңиҪһ¡
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׿ռܲܲʲô鰡Ǻǡ
ҡһС˾ôܹĺôһأռܲϽҡҡͷ
һҪǸ˵ĻԺǿо˼  ׿ռܲЦŵܲ㲻ҪԷƱʵһ˳һҽҩ˾Ѿ൱ĲˡοĿǰҵƺҲôɣ
ҽҩҵȷǲôԴһκ͵ϼŵ֮ڻϻǴһ״̬
ռܲҲȷЩᣬĿ˿Լɹѹء
˼ҰѾǹˣ㻹ȥ˼Ұʲôأ
׿ռܲܲҵϼų֮󣬵ʱ򽭺ҩ뵽ҹ˾£ҽҩ˾Ҳͬҩһ𣬳µҩΪŵһӹ˾
ռܲ׵⡭ҵȻԸ⣬ҩĿǰʵۺҵҩҪܹ󴬵Ļҿ϶ûġɡ⼯ŵܲãҡ
¡˶ˣ㻹ʲôõĵģЦŵʱÿ˶ḺһҪͳһ£ҽҩ˾Ӧòɣ
ǡҾԣ
ռܲĲܣܹһҲһǳѡ  ׹һЦܲãǵĺӽͿʼˣ
ллһεĻᣡ
ռܲҲЦԼ˾̫ˣܹһְԼԼҪôˡ
ǲǿһĴأ׿ռܲЦŵ




633²Ҫ
 

ռܲȻûʲôţûоܾף  ڵռܲ˵ҽҩ˾Ѿǵһؿڡ
ʲôķչʲô˼أ
׵ǿռܲһµʶ˲һģĸԳ֮Ϊ㡣
ԼӵһӴĲҵʶܶţˣĹô
һҵ͵˿һʲôˡ
ΪԼһδԼŮȥβǡǡףôˮ֮С
ԼԼһµ
ѾӦϼŵܲãȻصԶʵԼЩŵġ
ҵľ飬ڼƴѧҵ֪ʶǿԼһܹķǳãҲȱ˲١
ҪǣԼһ׵ҵǳľľġ
⣿ˣʵֻҪͺáռܲЦŵ
ҽҩ˾鲢ҩ֮󣬵ʱҩóٷ֮ʮĹɷݸ㡣ⲻҪġЦŵ
ٷ֮ʮǲ̫˰ռܲЩ˼˵
ǺǣΪŵܲãʱÿҲҵֺģȻˣ̸ǻ⡣ܲûаɣ
ҲЦռܹܲӦԼϼŵܲã֮лǿĵġ
ռܲ׵ĲҪҪˣֻҪܹȥˣҪȻɣŵӯ˵ĻʱŸһЩͺˣӯĻҾͲҪˣ
˵ѧ׷أ׿ռܲЦŵ
ռܲ΢΢һЦѾˣⱲӶġ˵ˣڲǻиղ˵ҩٷ֮ʮĹɷѾˡ
ʼðɣȻ㲻ҪнˮһͲˣ׷ֺʱɲҪǫ鰡
ǸҵȻǫ鰡ռܲЦŵ
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ҿ˿׵ǸܣĿǰϼŸոճʽûеλ
ҿǲܼܼ࣬ȻŲҲûǮɣ
ʲôǿɶǮ  ܼ࿴ҲɸΪ֮˰ЦŵԼĶͳһпȻҲ֪жǮӦòٵġš
ܣ⡭ôҪأ˵Ǯҿæҡҡͷ
Ҳ̫ˣԼ֪ǮȻͰпԼˣ
ҪԼǧ˰ģ˭  һҲǳܣΣǷǳĸмɶǹɾͲˡ
ʼܲ
ռܲף֪׺ˡ
Цŵܲͷ߰ɣʱǮҵȫˣΪϼĿǰʽ𡭡
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ױϾϰ壬ϰǮҲ쾭ģοϼʵǮ  ռܲ׸ǮǰһӮʮء
ֱ˵׬ǮٶȰ  ռ֪ܲϿˮϿĳ֣ʱ׬ǮٶȻг𶯣
ʲôƸ᣿׿ʵ
һ͵ƸᣬڽʻչġҪ𣿡ʵ
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׿˿ռܲܲ⼸һ£ȥһ칫豸ܼ࣬ܲһȥɡ
֣û⣡ҿ΢΢һЦ
׵ͷǴҾ͸æԵȥɣߵĶԽ죬ʱǵϼŵͻ죡
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ܻĶһ飬õҲ˳׵ϴһ飬ȥԣ  ֮⣬ĶѾǻȻһ£
ԭҵ˾Ѿ̻ۿˣڵҵƸһרҵҵ˾  Ȼˣҵ˾ֻ⣬ҲҪģ
ϼųˣʱǳĵ͵
ĿǰǱץʱѾкܶѯϻױƷ飡
ĵȴ˶ϻױƷȤԽԽŨأ  ôģУ죬ֻһ¾ûжˣҲ̫˰ɣ
Ȼһ㶼żһлǰͰ  һֻһǾƸһλгӪܼ࣬ʱгӪܼҪְǸ̺͹⡣




634ſӦƸ
 

ϼܲ¥  ˿̵ϼŲûмˣԴͲһˡ
⼸춼ڸطƸˡ
רԱʲôĻһץһѵģУ
гܼܼҪŵλþ൱ˡ
֪ЩҪλֻܹȽӦƸߵĻ˽ˣȻ֪ͨǹԣ
Ե׳ɹɹǾͲܹˡ
ܼ࣬һ˵ҲǸ߹ˣ  ⶫǿҪ³ܲģгӪĸλĶࡣ
гӪܼࡢܼλǱҪģгӪһӣ  һЩˢ֮⣬һнʮλӦƸϼŵܲ
ɵܲ¥һ¥ȺЩҲ൱Ľš
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ܶ˿нʱ򣬶ˣ
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ʱһźɫװȥʮµӲмĿ˵
˵ǣûйϵɣ׿һüͷü
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һԵλHRļûдĻһűҪȻһ£ʱȥӦƸʱܼҪĸ˼ġ
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㡭ָЩüͷһɵС֪˭ô
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ܼ࣬㿴СӇNɪģ֪ĻΪϼŵء
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죬ҿǸҹȥҸ㣬㲻һ˲СϰѣΪ˱˻Ҫ㲻ɣʧߵκεطʧߣ
˼ԭ׾Щˬټ׸ԼȥǺ׳ȥ̡
Ȼǲ˼ˣ˼ҵĵλǺܸߵġ
쿴˼ܼ࣬һҹ˾ʧǲɡ
ס˼ϽڰֵҿɲԸʧ߽飡
  ˼һһʮְһԵǸʲôܼҲǸ˼ƨ˿ȥһ  ۿЩƸߣɫɫ
˵ʵһͨĻƸû鷢
ְԽߣЩ˵˼Խǻ磬ʱֵҲԽ࣡  Ǻ飬ϾЩ˶ߣΪԼǿ
ܼడ˵ڷҲˣҲˣͲźҲ˰ɣܼЩĿ졣
˫ȭգһԵ˼죬ʽľ㣬СӵңڸҹԹԵĹҵʱ򻹿Կһڷԡ򡭡
ôˣоԼܵ˼̤
˼ٺЦԶҲŹô
㡭̫Ӳô
ɫһ䣬˼  һڿǹ¼ŵӪܣнʴˮƽȴûϼŵĸߡ
һҲӦƸģΪˮˮǳģҵڵĵλ൱ߵİ
Ͼ¼ҵϵһҵҪһЩӣ  ˼һ͸Ͻ




635
 

ϼŵİȫͨڣ  ˿ϻЩ߳˸ղŵƸȴ
ֵܣ̡쿴׵ݸһ̡
ʲộʵҲ̣һ³ĺ١
쿴׵ǺǣƥǣǮһϰˣҲûдʲô̡
Ǻǣֺ̲óð̾СҲǰ뿪Ц˵ҲǹӦƸģ
ǰѹ󣬹ûлᡣȼһ̣һ֮ҲЦŶ׵
ղʲô˼ʶʵ
ͷǰһҵλҳ˾ûʲôϵˡСӵԸ˽ģرǺġ
ǿôˣƷǿҲûãײм˵
Сֵܹհ쿴ʵЦŵҽס
ֵܰ鳤㼸꣬͸˵ʵڻɡͷҵľǸʲôƷƷģֻҪΪ׬ǮƷٲҲνʼ
Ҳһɣ׿
ЦŵҿӦøոձҵɣҵĴǲģ֮ǰƸҲעġ
ʵǹӦƸģҾǹЦŵ
ֲûдһΪǹӦƸġЦЦ
˵磬˼ĸ˾İ׿ʵ
˾µгӪܼ࡭һᵽ˼ƺҲûôĿˡ
µİ׵¶һ˿ЦһﾹȻǹµģǾͺðˡ
ͷǰ㻹ᣬղҺҲǲһ﷢ìܡҪȻԺܵġ
˵磬찡һǹµֲ˾ġҵ˱Ĺ˾Ƹν˵
쿴Цŵװ㻹氡¼ʲôҵ˼ˣںܶ๫˾żǿϵʱó棬һ绰һ򣬵ʱ򡭡
ˣνϵ  ȻһﲻλϵѾܹ쵽λˡ
ܶ൥λΪҪһԵʱһҹͲôĺˡ
ǲҪ΢΢ҡͷǿҲϲ
㲻ϲûðϰϲʲô취أһ̵
ЩĿ磬ڹµôܵطӦƸأ
ǺǣͲ˰ɣϼſļ۸ʵĶнټɣǵǶǮЦŵ
׵ͷ¼ſļ۸ӦҲٵʲôطȥɣ
µгӪܼнʮɣ˵ʵҵڲǱȽϸߵнˮˡʵҵҲûи㶮ϼŵһʲôҵΪʲôǵнʴôĺã
ҲһãȻĿף˵ڶϼŵ˽Ҳڱ档
ʼʱ㲻Ŷˣղ˼˵ʲôʧ߲ʧߵġ
¾ͲˣƵ˵ҲûϷˡ
˵˵£һʱҲûʲô顭ʵѾȤ
˵䲻ģегӪܼѡѾǶˡ
ղôǱߣ˼۸Լ죬ȻûһվΪ˵仰  ײϲˣϲڵִԵˣ
֮ǰҿһϲҿˣΪ֮вһθкʹУ
˵ϼĺܶȻҲء
ʵҲ֪׷Ҫ󲢲رĸߣڶƷҪҪҪ̫̫ˡ
쿴ʼСְҪôĻҼһͿҲνġѾʮˣҡ
ʮ긻ǿʱɲҪԷƱЦŵ
쿴ףֵȼһ̵ʮ뿪µһר緹ҵʵ徭ʵǲôеĴҲһֱǰ꿪ʼʵѾ·ˣʼղԸڽʱʲծƲˡ
̾һʵ徭ĿǰȷĺܣزгΪ˺ܶԽĵطⲻ֪һûʵ徭õ֧ţܶණǾ¡ˮл
Сְû뵽ᾹȻ۹⣬ǲĴָֻʧܵĴЩʹڸźӷӶⲻˣϣܹҸϰ࣬ԭΪϼҵһᣬֻϧ
컹Ҫ˵ȥʱ򣬾Ѿ˺ˣ
ˣȫ¥УHRܼѾˣ




636Ҹоõܼ
 

ϼܲ㣡  ʮλӦƸѾȫ棬ȴǵĽϼŵһֵԣ
׸һ¥쿴׵С֣Ҳ̫ˡͷҵǣҹҲҪиĵġ
Ǻǣ磬ҿһ㶼ġЦŵղ˵ɩӸұӶⲻզ£
ҵĹˣеǮ϶ȥдˣڻǷʮءϼǧǮεʼ
ɩҲϸ㣿Цʵ
Щο˵˸ŰɣͬҲܹԿ࣬˵ΨһЩԲľҵźӣҶߵġ
ɩӺͺסʲôط׿ʵ
׶ѾǶ˼ȻĻǶԼδгӪܼ࣬ҲҪĹĵ  첢֪ ǰ˾Ȼϼŵϰ壡
ʵϣѹҲûȥʶУһļŴϰҲӦʮ곯ϰɣ  ʵ̫ˣ˵ȥǸѧһ㣡  ׵죬һķй档
쿴׵¥أŶӳȥһ棬һҽ֮һԷ
һȽ֮ǳԷЦŵ
СְһձҵѧǮڰֵҪ㲻ĻȥԸ棬֪һҲݣͦ˵ġ
ЦŵУǾôˣ
ˣ  ЩʱеżϣȴֲԸԼŮ˺ͺǰֳԼһ棡  첻ԸԼĸǰֳһ棬ܿɹ
ôѵ£Ȼ˵ҪԼԷ׷ǳĸж
Ҳ˵Σ˵Ͷ˵̬ȣ׾ͿԸоóһܲˣ
˼ǵһȥԵģ֮Ц绨
ܼ࣬ôǸܼһ˼ҲǼæĴȥ
ŮŮ˼Цŵû뵽ϼŵܲþȻһλŮû뵽
ѽѽ˵ܼడ㵹˵˵ȥԵܼһԵЩļ
˼бۿ˿죬Ȼ˵Сһ㣬Ҹ˵ϼźǿ󣬷ǳǿ󣡣
ϼźǿôû˵˵Ǹճİ
ϼŵļ飬ΪԼҲ֪ôдֱûд
ܶ˹ӦƸֻǿнǳĸߣ˭Ǯȥأ
ֻǶϼǳл̬ȣһιʵҲ˽һŵʵʵ
һʼǵ뷨Ҳһİǵҽȥ֮Ҳ֪̫ˣ˼Ҳһ˷ܡ
ϼŵǿѾԶԶǵ
ܼ࣬ͲҪڵǵθˣ˵˵¡ܼƺȺڴˡ
һԵļҲǵͷܼ࣬˵˵¡
˼΢΢һЦϼ֪Ǹʲô𣿡
ƸʱҲû˵ܼ
˼ϻױƷ
ϻױƷҾ̳ģƺ˵ɡһ˵
ǶʲôӰǰһǳȵǸͬ۴ѧУǶûп˼һɸֵӵ
ŶŶŶˣʱǸӢ˹ٷӺõľϻױƷֻǺ˵ûСǸһӻȻ
ϼžΪģղܲ˵ˣǵĻױƷǿǺͻŷŹͬͶʵģ뿴⻪ŷʲôʵ˵˼ٶҲϼŵĹɶ
˼˵ĺϼǼҵһֽû˭ˡ
ۣϼԭôǿҲ̫͵˰ɣһ˵
˼Цŵͷ͵ҵˣʵҵǸడ
ܼܼ࣬ղŽȥЩ˿˼ǻ˼ʵ
Ҫ˼ѾĻҪı·ȥʣµгӪܼλˡ
˼ĿһµܲúܼһǷǳģҲ˵ˣĻгӪܼλþҵˡҪһ¼ϰԣӦ߸
ѽѽܼǹϲ˰ܼһЦҪȥϼţǿɵöҶЯ
ҵʱϰʱȻҲҪһģҲ֪Ҳܹ˾һɣ˼һЦ
һ̾Ϣλöǻʲôأ
˼˵ӵλҲҪġϼŵгӪҪƸٵйܣͬƬнǶǰʮϵġ
ܼ࣬ɵЯЯǰ
ǰܼ࣬Ժǿɵøúø˰
ܼ࣬ɵΪ쵼ǰԼ䰡
ܼ࣬ϲˡ
һİ֮Χ˼ĸǰһվĸо




637³
 

ϼŶ㣡  ˼ƺΪȫĽ㣬ЩӦƸ߷׷ױ֤ȵȥ֮϶ǲ˼ܼλˡ
˼ʵҪҪﵽĿҲһۻǺġ
˵ĵҲʵΪռܲﶼΪ˵ǷǳĲġ
µгӪܼ࣡
͹ƾְλǶúܺúǿˣϾϼŻûг
ȵ֮˿϶ûġ
ѲǰڵĹ  ȻǰڵĹĻô˼ˣǾ˲ţ
ռܲѾӦ˼һЩ󣬶˼ҲҪְϼˡ
죬ܲðԣ
ոкǵλHRһε˳
쿴˿ЦŵС֣Ƚȥ˰һȽ֮һԸ
˼˿Цһ˵죬ҵ˭֪ӶⲻˣǷмʮĴǺ˼Ȼװβ˳Է
ܼ࣬һʶ˻Ҫ˸нλãֱЦˡϼôܸһʧ߸нأ˷ʱ䡭ܼٺһЦ
˼죬ҪڸҵǸһԿǵʱнԱ
дһ˿ŭ𣬴ɷΪΪ
Ҳܸ˼һµģһ£
޿ܣ
쿴˼мһ˿Ц˼Σ
˵꣬ƽϢһԼŭȻ˽ȥ
ԽһԽǲˬקĸƵøʲô  Ѿһ˸Ĳ棡  ȥԵʱȽϵĳΧһۡ
Ϊ֮ǰ˼֮⣬һԴžҵʱ䡣
˼һ˾ͻ˰Сʱʱ䣬Ϊ̸ıȽϵ;һЩ
һȥˣѾ˿аСʱʱˡ
ռܲʵľҲǷǳĸȤҲһ
ܣҲµĸܼࣿղλ˼ܼǲǡռܲ˵нغϵʱ䡣
ͷǵģҸͬ£Ϊɣԡ
˼ĴҵʧˣѡϼţһεĻԭʼʱռܲҲͱˡ
ܲã˵Ѿʧȥ˴ҵļ顣˵꣬빤ȶһЩ׬ǮԼźҲһҸҵѹ̫Ÿź浣µҲù
˵ʵЩ֮ǰδ˵Ϊ̸۵ʱ䲢ûж೤
Ǻǣ⵹ҲǣϣƸгӪܼ಻ܹжģϣܹλϳڵսȥ
ռܲҲЦʵ뷨һϰ嶼еġ
һǵĻʱпܴŶ뿪
΢΢һЦܲãЩ翵ĻҾͲ˵ˣʵҸղ˵ЩҲǶһЩɡÿʱڶÿʱڵ뷨
һЦŵܲãĿǰΪֹҾܺ͸ղųȥǸܻǲġ
˼ǡռܲʵ
Цŵ˵ľȻͬ˵ӹɵġǶʮҾͳΪ˹µгӪĸܼ࣬µһ˽ġ
ǰµҲ֪ģǿҶҪҲ൱ĸߣռܲͿʼ
ʼձƽ͵̬ʵȴһ  ѲҪ˼һﹲ£
Ҳ֪ⲻǵһأ˵滹дϰԣ
ЦŵܲãгӪܼλüΪ⣬ǲһ¶³
Ȼֶ³û˵ԼҪԵİܼȥ绰ֶ³˵ǻȷгӪܼѡҪһһӵĺʡ
ռܲһԵЦŵ
ͷȻ˵绰ףܿ͹绰³ѾˣԼİ칫أ
ܼ࣬ȥ֪ͨһ˼ֱȥ³İ칫ңռܲЦŵ
￴ռܲܣҴһɣǲһȥ³İ칫ң
ҵȻȥԺܾһսսˣҲÿδгӪܼൽ˭ɣռܲһЦ
ĭʵǳҪõλ˼ҪᣬҪȶгӪľһЩ
ڿȥҵһܱһ㣡




638ɵ˵˼
 

׵İ칫ң  ֺ룬һʮƽİ칫ڴĽֱݳް
ѾȫȻһ£칫ҿȥݻޱȣ
һжռܲðģǶ׵İ칫ңƵǷǳĺġ
а칫ʲôģĺ滹һרϢİĦΡ
Ȼˣ滹һС͵Į̇ڷŸʽľơ
ˣ
ϰ棬ϰתشǱߣȥޱȣ  ռܲףҲܵ׵ĸǰЦŵ³ǵһԵĽλǱȽģǵļ
ռܲѼݸף׸ûпأ
ҵ³ҵǰ˶£ֻܼ͸ܼλûӦᡭռܲʼ
վ˼Աߵ³ҪȻȳȥڡ
ˣ쵱гӪܼɣǻȥɡ
׳ǰʹļһҲǲ̫ϲ  һֻרӪĻô˼Ҳõġ
ܲã⡭ʲô˼
˼ˢһɫɷףܼࣿԼȥ
ԼĶǲˣôأҪ֪Լ൱ǿİ
һ˼ԼǷǳŵģղǿǻ϶ȷ˰  ʵ˼Ϊʲôһ죿ΪʵҲ
ҪͻȻȥĻԼгӪܼλûõȸʱ䡣
ʵϣӦǸлĳߵģɽطˣ  ˼һһвΪʲôҵʧܵľʵһֻ£  ˵дһгӪһĴûеĻôȻīسɹˡ
ʵ˼˵һĳҹʵΪ˻
ҪְֲȨڹ¼гӪܼһֱѹЩоˡ
ϼһʼǲмģ˵ϵĻױƷ֮ˣ
һᰡϼŲǸոտʼԺ˼ҵ֮ĻǵʱԼɾǿԪϼ˰
ʮþȵ飡  û뵽ʲô³ȻʲôҲʲôҲʣֱӾͰԼPASSˣ
ռܲҲû뵽׾ȻôĶרУʵ˽ף˵֪˻ǲġ
ֻû뵽ڹ澹Ȼ㣬ռܲЩ˵ֶ³ǵͶɹԺĹô˽Сʱɸѡ˳⿴Ҳ
ܲãҵľ⣿׿ռܲ
ҿɲңǸ򹤵ģǡռܲһƣϾԼҲ޹⡣
˼˼˵˻ǺܶģһҲ̸ˡ
Ǻ˸죬Ҳø˼һɣ
ʲôҲ˵ʲôҲʣظͷԸ⣬ֱӾͰ˸ˡ
һڼԼӦƸɹĻллˣ  ΪʲôӵģѲԼǺõ˲ɣ  ˼űԼ׵ֶ³ľǶʵ̫ˡ
㲻ֵء׵ת˹ò˲ӳ˼ǰ  㡭㡭ǡ
˼˫ֶЩˣû뵽֮ǰǸȥѧһˣȻϼŵĶ³  ôأһŶ󰡣ȻһŵĶ³ˣ
˼৵һˣֲ˼ҿҲԼļͰԼļӵһԣ  һʶԼ
ռܲһ˼ӣ׵ô°ֶ
ô£Ǻǣ˼ղߺģƷ˼㣬˵һЩСһЩǿƷȴġ
ֶҴˣҴˣҲ֪ǡ˼̵Ǹˡ
׿˼ڵǸƺ˰ɣ߰ɣѾϼŵĺˡ
ֶ㲻ҪôߣҲǹǹ˾ѣקʲôקʲô΢Ϊǻʵ۰˼
˼׵ŭˣ֪ԼòһˣҲʼˡ
ռܲһ˼Ҳ΢΢ҡͷֶҪ˽⻹Ҫİ˻ǲҪ
ԭһ㣬û뵽֪ҵݻҸˣ᣿ǺǣӹİЦһ
˼׳ôΣҧҰ
Ϊ˾蹷һôһᵹҪʻѣôһ֪ܵˣҹ
Ŀһ䣬Ǳ̹ǵĿ˼ŵЩ֨ˡ




639²˼
 

ʶǻٶ
˼˫һ˶оһľʧ롣
ǰλ֪ʶѵĻôڵĹ¶ûˡ
ĻһӾͲôĹ˰  ׿˼
˼ŵøϽ˹ȥЩ˿˼ЩֵĳʱҲһ
⵽ʲôԭ緢ܼģˡ
Ҫǰѯʣǻûü˼˵Ϳ˼Ѿ뿪˶㣡
˶ɻĿ˼֪浽׷ʲô飡  װ칫ڣ  쿴ѾЩմĸооһ㣡  ôҲû뵽СֵףȻϼŵĶ³  Ҳ̫˼˰
û뵽ԼȻôˣʱҲִѡ
ʱʵĻͦϸµģҪʱ䲻Ļ׻ʵĸϸ£  ѾӰˣѾгӪܼλøˡ
ܣּˣ
ʱˣʾ£һԵռܲЩĿס
Щ̫µֶһվ˵ɣ֮ǰ治֪ǡ
磬֮ûбҪô˰ɣЦŵʵ֮ǰûб¶ҵݣһҲҪ絽ûҲҪԹƽһεӦƸ
ֶллԼ˫֣ҲǸֳ˼֮ɫ
лͲˣɩӻذɣʵ
ŶӹذɡЩ˼˵
ܼ࣬ȥܼķ˺ͺӴЦŵ̸ʱе㳤
õģ³ҲǵͷԺɾгӪܼˣͬ°
ռܲ׺ϲܼ˰ְһʲŵ˸źˡ
ܲãлл
Ϊ˷ǳĵ͵ҿĺܣռܲҲǶȽϵ⣡  ˺֮ദʵһ⣡  ղǸ˼ʵЩˣкôʱͿûкôʱֱӷ  ˭Ҳϲģ
ܼడԺɾϼгӪܼˣûʲôĻҸ㽲ҵϻױƷ
׿ʼ콲ԼĻױƷʼ۵ʱסˡ
ֶ⡭һǧһƿĻױƷҡŸоôĲ˼أЩզĿʵ
ǺǣгЦŵʵ֮ǰѾһгˣİɣֻҪǵĲƷãͲȱгģ
ðɣ˵ҲҪ1800顭оɽ
ȻױƷǰҲûױƷģ1800ĻױƷһ˵ǾǸ߶ˣ
ϼŵĻױƷ棬ֻܹΪͶ˵ĲƷ
ܼ࣬һױƷܹ֮嵽ʮ꣬Ůͨã˻𣿡׿ʵ
ҹЩŮ˻ǮԸⰡ˭ϣסԼഺءЦŵ
ǾͶˣű֮ƬԱȣ״̬ġ
װԼֻ˳˼ĸ׵Ƭ쿴˿
쿴֮ˣ
ʵױƷЧöǴģʲôʲôģǲûѧʸѳ
ɽоԼһһĻױƷ⻯ױƷЧôõĻǸǲ  ΢΢һ̾⡭⻹һ˵֮ǰƬȥʮҵĻôƬȥǸʮ갡⡭ֱ氡
ЦŵһǧĻױƷЧ˵ǳ
ĻֻҪܹǮŮˣ¶ġ컹һ˼ı˵
ˣ
źͶӴʱ򣬿ó˶Щŵġ
⡭⵽ô°᰿Щơ
ԼϹӦƸôԼҲأ  ˵ҲһѹˣÿһγӦƸȻԼ˵ÿһҲ赭д˵䣡  һΣӦƸһнӵĸλδᰵĸǰ˵Щʲô
һԼҲΪԼĻ᲻󣬵ڶԼϣֱ֮ʧ
ɹˣŵӣҲȻˣ
λɩ˰ɣҽһ£ҽס׶Цŵ
᰿ףҲ¶һ˿Цݵϰá
쿴һԵᰵᰣλֶ³
ʲôֶ³ֶ³ġЦŵܲһ簲һٷǸܼӭʽ




640Աش
 

ЩĿ˿ףǰʲôֶ³ʵЩ̫ˡ
ᰶҹ˾Щ̫ˡ
ڵᰵ˵ΪҪľǽĿǰ⡣
ǵĺӸѾ˲ٵĿͷˣѾаûѧˡ
һⰡ  ԼҪҪĻ˺ӵĻľˡ
ûа취ȥҹΨһָԼϹˡ
Դһεʧ֮оһʧ壬ƺʧȥ˶δһ㽣  쿴Щ˼˵ֶ⡭ûбҪ˰ɣܲ԰ţҡ
ǺǣҲкܶҪ˵һ£Цŵ֮ǰܼ˵ʱûеطסɣ
׿ʵʵԼˣ׻Ƿǳġ
ֻ˽ףҲ֪׵Ǹʲôˡ
Ͼ˼ϰ壬Ҳ֪ʲôʲô鲻
᰿Щ˼˵û뵽ϰ˵
ûСƵ˵
ⲻڲ֪׵֮ǰ˵֪׵ݵĻô˵أ
ֲʲôֵÿĵ飬쿴һʧߵӰѣ
˶ǺӵģʵҲ⣡
ΪᣬҲôӵ˵仰
ЦŵӺͳӵ⣬˾ǽ
ֶҡ⻹ûпʼɻأ㡭һǲ˼ˡ
һԵᰶ쾪°ˣ⻹ûпʼϰ࣬ӳӶˣ
ʿˮҲܣ
ķ˭֪⽭ķۣǼֱܳ˰
Цŵ˾й˾Ĺƶȣǹ˾ȻҲԻˡ֮ǰͶ15ڣĳز˾кĿ߲ǺԶСλǷǳĸߵġҴС룬ΪϼŵԱסլ
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쿴ףͶܹһղ׵Ļ֮оϼԺһǷǳǳǮġ
ֻͷҲ̫˰ɣֱǲ˼鰡  ЦŵӳӶ⣬øǹⷿӵĹȨ
˵ֶҸղ˵ʲôӺͳզ°
ռܲʱҲһΣ
ֶ³ʵ̫ˣǮо͸ҪǮһ㣬ʵˣ  ҲǸո뵽ģԱ⸣һҪ߰ܲø׻ˣӺͳӶҪİɣ
ЦſռܲȻʱ⣬뷨ǳĺá
ֱֶԽԽ˰ռܲЩε˵
ЦŵԱܲòŸоη֮ɣȥͲ̸һ̸˳ȥ4Sȥأ
Ը뵽ʲôȥʲôЧʾеģ  쿴׵ӣЩЦŵֶҪĻǼŵĸҲ̫˰
ǺǣԺֻᷢõģ΢΢һЦ
ûãҿѾ׵İ칫ңĿǰ˾ôʮˣȴǳĶࡣ
³ҡһҲЩƵʵⶭ³Ǹ̸ܼ۵ĺúõôԼˣ  ռֶܲ뵽֮٣Ǿ͵Цɡ
ǵЦʲô˼һԵҿռܲʵȻҲ֪ռܲҪ˵ĵʲô鰡
ôģԱһ飬ղи뷨
˵ͰԼͷӺͳӵ˵һ飬Ͼֻһ˲뷨óһʵеķ氡
ҵθ찡ֶϵҸ˵棬ұ̬̫ʰɣʼ磬ȻԼ̬Щ̫ʡ
ֲֻһˣҵ˼һķЦŵ
ֶҵһռܲ׵ľ˵Ļ
ʲôʵ
ʵҾø߹ûбҪڷַˣϾ˾ܸߣķӾͲˡǸӦùϵǻԱռܲЦŵ
ֶ֧֣ҿнѾˣ򻹼ɣֻҪҸɸӾǲóˡ
΢΢ҡͷָӦԱܵõģⶨƻʱһ˾סס޳ģֱӹСʲôģԼ׼
ǳأռܲЦŵ⹫˾ĸһδŰ⽭Ҹָĵλ»ûа
ֹûУȫҲǼ˵
׿˿ռܲЦŵͳһùҾóͺܲ




641µǵĻ
 

ϼŵƸڻȽУӦƸԱԽԽ࣬ҸɱNҵƸٶȿ쵽˼㣡  ĹвŵԱѾӦƸλĿǰгӪѾʼȫ緶ΧڵҵʼӴ
ϣ˵ĻױƷƷҲ׼ʼˡ
Ŀǰ࣬ҪȨȴˡ
˼ǲҪֱӻڣʮҪʡݸˡ
ѵҲǲϷʡУ
Ŀǰ׻ƵİͼѾǿˣٶǳ֣νǾ춯أ  ģ̫СǸ⣬Ͼ⻯ױƷȺȫģҲǸо⹤Ҫģˡ
㳡  ڵĹ̨Ѿǿҵ̨ǻ˴ǮŪġ
㳡õĶǿɶǸ߶˵Ʒƣ
һҪǲܵ顣
ΪѵĹϵΪױƷ˹ٷӴԣ黹ǲð죡  Ѵ˽еϻױƷ  ˵ûʲôģΪѿ۸ʱҲһ
Լ˶ܹһһ˿Ļǻ÷ˣ  ٶ⡭ϻױƷĺӵҲǲ˵ϵεĵȫǴ죿
վڻѵԱߣһӳȻ⻯ױƷ˵ļ۸ֱӻⶫܲȥ  ֲû۾òáҲû˵
Ķ˭Ҳ֪ûòǣ  ٶϾҪҵˣƺҲ̫͵һɣŻѹļЩǵ˵
Ƶ˵Ҳˣȫһ콢꿪ҵӣƺЩϳ
ϣ  ױƷ׼콢ʽ꣬˵׺ͻ˼ǶӦİɣ
ǻ֪ͨˣƺ񶼿쿪ҵҲûжĶ  Ϊȫľģ൱ǿġ
ĵһ콢꣬ҲϻױƷʽȫȫ۵һˡ
ŵ㣬㳡׼ʱӪҵ
Ǻܶ˹ֵӣѡڽ쿪ҵʵҲġ
ϣһͷֻϻױƷȻƺܴ󣬿ûогĿ飬˭ֻеأ  ׺ͻ˼һ飬Ҳڲŵʱִط
ѡ
׺ͻ˼һüĻѣҲЦӭȥ
һˣҲһ˵缸ǿ˰
ȥһİɣطһ˼ӷӡЦŵ
˼緢ӣɶ˼ѿЩƵʵ
ǣһ˵ҪһʲôֱЦŵ
ͷֱ൱ĺǻ˼Сӿνǳˣ  ֱĻЩŮ˻ˣ
һĴȵ˵ôôĵأ˰
ѣСӾ͵ְɣҪΪָĶҲŲҵɫء˼ٺһЦ
ָ磬ܲ鰡֮ǰҶױƷǳĵģǡҲһԥ֮ɫ
˵СӾ֪ɣⱻҶû˵ɶ˼ŻѾȻһĵ֮ɫּ
СӶ֪Լ˶һ⣬˼ü  ЦŵȿЧ˵ɣκζҪõгϿɲ𣿡
̾һϣɣⶫ۸ʵЩƫˡ
˵ѣСʲôʱôˣ۸ҿһ㶼ߣ˼ٺһЦʱ͵Ǯ㡭
èTV  Ϊֱһƽ̨èTVǻ˼ԼͶʴġ
Сƽʱû¾ϲĵЩΪЩƺֻĶȴǳ׬Ǯ  ܿ죬һѾ׼ˣ
ҲǱ˼˿㣡
Һãǻ˼ڵλǽе㳡һ¥ϻױƷȫ׼콢ꡭ
˼ʼžͷ٩٩̸һԵĻҲǲòһϵӰˡ
ҵθԹԣ˿ӰǽһĽ
ЦŵһϻǸˣСĳЩȷЩͷԺ츳
ûڽֵܽã쵽㳡ϻױƷһеģӵб˵ǩʱʮ㣡
˼žͷЩ޳ܵ˵úǩжôֵǮһ㣡
ѿŻ˼˵˼磬һô
ȥ˵Ѱѣұ׼һҾ콢ϵģû뵽Сȿ콢꣬һƺ˰ɡ
˼Żһм˵Լĺ֪ܲ




642
 

㳡һ¥  ʮ֣˲Ǻܶ࣬żмһЩŵˡ
Ѿʼŵʼˣ
Ŀļ۸ʵ˸оһܲˣһǧ˰ļ۸ǾǺŵġ
һСʱˣһƿҲûóȥ
ƣ׵ҲһΣ
׿ŻѵþƲ
˼ҲЦŵһһǳסƷбҲҪһ̵ġ
˼
ѸҪ˵֪˭ڵ㳡Ĵһ
һ£ܿ˶ѾʼŻ˼ķ˹
һ˲䣬ȺʼϵĳطΧ  ԽԽ࣡
ѾϵĿʼ㳡ӿ룬õ㳡İһҲоЩԲ  ϻױƷ̨ǰ棬ѾԽԽ࣡  ˼վ̨ϢܿڽˣҪһû˼ķɣ  Ͼȫ׸ĶӣǿɲǸǵã
ܶΪܹƬȻ뵽ԼȦ
ǻ˼ôطأ
ϻױƷǰһʱǸʲô˹ٷǸɣ
۸ЩզడľȻҪһǧһƿ˭𰡣
ɲզΣ˵Ҳһǧһƿ
ֻܿˣͷǮ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ֪ЧôҪЧõĻһǧǮһƿҲֵð
Ⱥ֮Уһﶼʼ¿ͷѵĵ˭Ƕġ
ܶ˶Ǵһ״̬ȴûȿڣ
ƿʺ졭
һ˵Ķ𣡣  𡢻ʺ졢ۡϡʯ  嵵ױƷļ۸Ƿǳĺ˵ģʺļ۸ǿһٰʮ򰡣
ƿʺ죬ǿɾʮ򣡣
㳡ѵȷǸߣɸߵ̶Ҳ൱ĺˣ  Ŀǰ͵ߵģ¾Ҫϵĵˣһǧ˰һƿ
ܡ
˼ŰþȻߣҲЦ  ܿ죬óһͨð˹
ôˣҲЦʵ
˵ܡٶ⻯ױƷҵҲһ£ǽĹȦɶױƷȷ˰
Цŵ˵ĿɲǼٻ⽭ȦױƷڴ൱Ļ𱬵ġ
ǺǣһʽӪҵԺҿЧ֮϶ᾪ̾ġ˼һ΢Ц˵
ЦŵһãҲʺ֮˲һڵʱ䣬ϵȫûˣԭ绰ʻٶ㻹ûдģɺҲûк˼
ǺǣʺٿԱ֤ŮʮϣʹõĻٵʮʱҲԱʮҵݣ˼΢΢һЦ
˵ǲǳ˫ɵİɣ
ȺһȥЩһ޵Ů˵
Ů˻˼Ļ֮˲סקһԵӣʼճһɵ̬ȣ  ٶƿ𡭡
⻪˼û˵Ⱥ֮һ
Ʒˣþò㶼ûϳ
˼һˣҲЦҲǲٰ  ǸƷ֮ǰڽʸ߶ֲǸƷˣԼĸĺܺá
Ʒ˻һݣǾǻѵĸף  ƷɫȥҪ٣ԭЦѾʧ
Ϊ˼ڻƷЩϤĻһӻĲʶء
Ʒ˿һЦǸױƷҸ˵˼Դⶫ㿴ϵβʲôһûˣǰЩ߰ߵҲʧˡҽͿһҵǸ飬ʲôҲûͿ
ƷȻ֪ԼĶѾʼˣҲϻױƷ콢꿪ҵҿ˻˼Ǳʲôֱ  Ҳǿ͹ˣ׼У
˵裬Ŵʲôְ
һԼˣҲЦ
ʵҲкܳһʱ䶼ûпԼˣһＸÿ춼档
񿴵ԼͻȻ֣ȻҲҪױƷһ㶼Цˡ
ѣ㡭ô⣿ƷЩƵĿԼĶӡ
˵裬Ҳ̫˰ɣҿģƣԼԺҪãþˡ
ļٵİƷ˿˿ѣЩš
һԵĻ˼һֵ⻹ģѾ˽ܴԺнϻױƷۣһ쿪ҵҲǰѹվվ̨ġ
Ʒ˵𾪣漴̿
ܿ죬⹺ȳˣ
ںܶ˿Ǯ˾ҪУҲԼˣοԼĸװɣ  ӸղŻƷ˵ݣܶŮѾǶˣ  ϾƷѾʮˣݿȥʮ߰ӣһüûУ˭Ķأ
۶Ѿʼˡ
˿̵ϻױƷ콢꣬ܶ˿ʼྺԽԽ͡




643İ
 

ϻױƷһ콢쳣Ļ𱬣
ױƷ˲ˢȦʽ˶ɹ⻯ױƷ
ӵһϻױƷٲȻƺΪʱС
һڵʱ䣬ϼŵרȫ̳Ѿ½̿ˡ
Դ׵ĻױƷֻ֮𱬵Ѿϯȫ򣡣
ԼҲû뵽ԭΪҪԼȥѰҴ̣ԼŶ챻̤ˣ  һڵʱ䣬ÿ춼Լİ칫סûʱؼҡ
һŹݣ
Ѿкܳһʱˣʱ׻æµĺܡ
ΪϼŵĳϻױƷУܶҲҪȥĵġ
Ȼϲ˦ƹ񣬲ô˦ƹҲʲô鶼ܰɣ  ȻˣֻҪϼĻǵʱܶͺðˡ

׻صһŶ춼ǷǳĿס
׿ЦŵʱûкǣЩ˼ˡ
ʵҲҪ̸̸ġ
ٲȻлȨһԵ쵹ǲô˵
̸̸Цʵ£
ͷԴ뿪ºȭҲһʱˣȻ˵ҪǸɡ
㵣ĵǴ⻹ǣ׿ʵ
ͷҪ⣬֪ҵļҾãܼҵǮÿζ˵ҴǱߣ֮ǰҸȥһȡǮŷ֣ǮѾиˡ
Ϸǳƣ  ʵ֪ܼѾˣºȭеĽ׶ѾǱˡ
ܼϴǮԵ˻ѾǱⶳᣡ
ȻǮɸȡ
쿴׵֮ǰ죬Ҳļʵͦġ
ϼģ׿Цʵ
JXʡġʼڶ֪ܹʲô
졭
׿˿İţѾˣ  첢ûʲô츳ȻʷǳĲҲǲѡ
ߣ޵ĲֻǴ壡  ʵ޵һ־磬Ҳ˵ԽԽá
˵Ӧ츳֣Ͳһˡ
֮壬Ǿеţ  ҡһҲǷǳϲⲢǳ֮ơ
ҲҪļҲҪǮ  Цŵڰȥϼϰ࣬ռܲܲõİȫнһ򣡣
һ򣿾͸һ˵ı𣿡ЩĿףнˮҲ̫˰ɣ  ȭһҲ׬ʮѣǮûõ֣  Ǻǣнˮھͻȥ鴦һ£Ȼϰ࡭׳
õģ첢ûʶ٣Ҳ֪ʲôʣʲô鲻ʣ
ֱӾˣЩˣ  ׵أ
׿ЦŵһҪúõĸ̸һ̸
ʲôȥҲġֻҪܹҼ˹úãʲôԸģʵڲеĻͷߣȥҺȭ򡭡
ϵˣҲ֪ʵģûǮʲôˡ
ԼһȶϣԼܹ׬Ǯ
ܼҵˣ»ڹϴأ  ΢΢һЦ첻һ츳ȥһ翴
һ磿ЩĿ׵ʲôһ磿
һ粻һ飬ǸӵǿӵĽ֮
׾һչСŮĹһ㣬ŶоЩ}Ļš
ʿˮǸҿЦɣ
ǺǣЦѾǿ𣿡׿ʵ
˵ʵԭһôΪġԴЩ߸ҵ뷨ô˵ءоһλ书ǿĴҲ˵Լĸܡ
ȷǰλЩ˼ġ
׿Цŵ˵ҴȥһƵ磬лҪ磬벻һȥиǰᡭ
ȥҵȻȥĶˣҲһļʵʲôǰ᣿
ǾǱҪ˵ټ׳ΪһΪ磡
ҪҵĿڰɣʧɫΪһЩѰ
ʲôҪ˵ټأЩˣ  ׿˿һЦҿ᲻ôҪɱڵĻһ߷ϻѡȨϡ




644½ϲ
 

һŹݵıڣ
һãȻĿףʵЩ̫ˣ
˵ⲻ˵Ǹ絽һʲô磡  ˵Ļȴ쳣į}ˣ  ʲô˵ټ֮Уǿɲɱ
Ȼ˵ҲûдҪɱڵĻԼ߷ʲô
еĺԽԽأ˵ʵԭûô
ȴһֻ룬ֻһĸ׵ĽŲߡ
ԥһҡҲ֪Ӧôѡѡȥأ
ѡȥĻҿԸһǮ뿪ʧȥһһӵ飬ΪҲûлȥӵһ
ʵҪԼߣҲһߵġ
ܹԸⲻһܺõ  ѡȥĻǡܻܲȥһЩԥ˵
Ҳ֮飬ѡ˵ĻȥȥһˣȻǰӦȥĵطҿ㱣֤ԲκεΣա
׿ŵ˵ЩǾûκεΣյġ
ȵɽ֮飬ǿɾ˵׼ˣ  ϾԼҲû˵ȥɽҲûκεΣա
ֻҪҵļ˰ٺ˵ĻǾҲ£
׿ʵյѡ񣡣
Ը׷ֻȥһ¡һԼеѡ
кĵģ׸ѡ֮Ӹоʮˡ
֪ԼѡǶôӢ
׹һЦΪѡġˣʲôְ
óʱû˺ҶˣǺǣЦŵҽн
ֵҲͨĺܣŵİЦŵ
ʼǸĸģҡ
˻ʲô˰ʵ
ҼҰ裬áЦŵǼһֱǾӪһС꣬Ҳ֪ôˡ
СꣿǺǣⲻͦõ𣿡׿Žʵ
ҶûлȥˣҲ֪ôˣԭҪܹǮȥġɡܼһֱǵɣҵǮҲ򲻻ȥ
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ҲһĨ֮ɫ
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֣Ҹ绰ûа
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˵ֽΣǽĸס
⽭СͲʡģҲˣ
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֣ɾôһðⶨ׳εĶ棬˵ŮӰǽã  뿪ҵʱԼòʮ꣬ѾͤͤĴŮˡ
JǴɶطνǸƼӰҵǺܺá
˵ΨһʱǾԼпҪǨȴһֱ𲻵ӡ
С⺢Ӳ˵ҲҲرǰɣƺĲ⣬ÿһᵽԼӣ̾һ
ӰŽε֣ҺСһ£Ҫ˫ļҳһԶٷ
οŽӰ⸸ĸ֮ӦüˣϾҪĲ𣿶ˣһֱû㣬СǸʲôİ
ԺӰЩ˼˵
ӰĹǺܺãȻҲ湤ĳҵһְѡ
ΪǼûйϵԽӰҵĴѧȴһбҵˡ
˼ҸбҵһȥбƣԼѧȥȴҲûС
ûбƣǹʴ֮ģ  ӰһȥŲǧǮһ£бƵһ¿õ߰ǧؿǮ
ûӰеƿ֪ˡ
Ȼ֪ʲôŵԣǰһֱûѯʹԼŮѾ˲òʵʱˡ
ɵθҪ˵ʱȴԼĶӸһİ˾ȻվԼҵſڡ




645ؼ
 

ļУ  κͽӰԼĸͻȻվǵĸǰʱ˶סˡ
⽭ʧѾʱ˰
ʱ䣬Ǹоǲһ㡣
һԼĶ֮ҲЩݺ˵ǻˡ
ͨ
һӹԼ׵ĸǰȻ˵Լһλˣ֪һλʵһεĵ
ѾǴӦҪȥһ翴ԺͲڳˡ
һ򣬹ԼĸĸԼ֮  ҲЩпĻˣЩҲûа취ġ
磬ԭһ磡
ʵҲһˣֻ飬ҲЩ̣  ˵ˣҲ˵ýԺͲˡ
ǸʲôһԼĶӹߣҲǸϽԼӸ  һԵĽӰ˿Ҳ˼ˮ磬˵أͻ˰
֣ӣһˣݺݵ˵ǻ𣿡
úúãǶãһ滹𣿡οȻô׳˶ĶӣҲ΢΢̾һ
ǧĸǣ  ֵ˵˴˿̽ε飬ԼĶĻˣеһʯͷҲˡ
⡭λǣӰһԼԱߵףҲʵ
Цŵ֣һ֡ѡ
ţҡѡҲЦЦ
οԼĶӻҲЦСǰɣ͸ǵ衭
壬ҸֵܣͲҪô˰Цŵ
Ӱ൱ĹɣѾó豭Ȼ˲ллҸ
δ˿̵ޱȵ泩ЩһֱԼĶǲʲô飬Ѿʲô飡  񿴵ԼĶӻվԼĸǰһеѾɢˡ
磬Щ궼ȥ趼ˡӰҲԼĸ
һԼĸûڣҲʵأ
ȥ˼ϴ·ȥˡЦŵ
ϴ·ΪʲôЩƵ˵
ⲻҪҲţ˵ҪΪһǮʱҲҸϱЦŵ
СӰҪˣһҲһҼǵߵʱ㻹ϸɣ
磬ҴѧҵˣڶѾˣӰһЦ㶼ȥ˰Լ뿴
Ҳǰ⼸Ҳڼңչ˰ͷˡصУҲչһĨ飡  ˵һںȭʱɷӻͦ˵ġ
һعʵ֮󣬿ȥʵҲãĶ񺺣һָ  ΢΢һЦѾͷչǣǲľͺˣ
ӰЩ˼˵֡
ιһЦСӰҪˣͦźģͦã
СӰеļİԺܻҪȥɲ̫ԶЦŵ
ЩɻĿ˿ԼĶӵ㻹Ҫȥ
ţҪȥܳһʱ䣬ڻûءЦŵ
ж־ķȥƴƴҲǺõġҲ֪ԼĶҰ˹ˣͻȻ֮ҲӦء
磬ʲôӰŽЦŵ
ҡһӸסˣһԵ׵Цŵڽһҹ˾
Ĺ˾磬һֱڽĴйӰЩ˷ܵʵ
ʲôвеģǻڷԶѣҲЩ˵
磬СһҪǼҳԷأǸһȥɣӰʼջûԼ顣
ϾʵҲǵһμˣⲻǲܵģ  ȥ϶ȥȻҲҪ÷򵽵׳ɶӰһЦ
ԼһֱͦߵģһоԼֵˣ
ԼҪˣҲȴһ׮¡
˵ѾûлΪԼĸĸТˣҲ֪δȴĵʲôء
ҲֻпԼˣһλϣܹһжźˣҲûκεĺ֮ǣ
Ȼ֪ǮǷǳǮ
ΪףϾҲµ
οЦŵС֣ҪȻһȥǺһJУҲóߵĿζǣ
ЦŵԭӦǳԵģȻµĻΣ




646δ׼
 

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踣ƵλJеϳԵJбȽʸĴƵ֮һ
J˰飬ܶ඼ϲ踣Ƶ꣬Ϊ˼ĺð
ټ踣ƵѾΪӵֻҪȥ踣ƵԷģȻ൱ġ
ĸﴺԼӻҲϲоһӣ
δ׼ҪϲţԼĶӴػˣĸ׵ܲ
˫ϲţ
ﴺһ壬Ǹ߸˵踣Ƶ꣡  ԭӦһڣһڣýӰҲЩˡ
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Ӱֽ°֣JбˣȥҲüĿһ˲š
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⵹°᲻ûǮֻʲôԭʵӵʱ˸˵СӣʣµĶʮ˵Ĵˡ
ͥۻ᱾ӦǸ߸˵飬ҪŪ˴ӵĻǸоǳĿտˡ
ʱȥҲиҵģ
ͻȻˣһЩ
Ӱ°ֵӵ֣Ҹ磡
㡭㲻˵𣿡°һǴ˸磬Щʧ
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УţɣȽȥܼܲһòã°Цŵ
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˿ֵĽʵС֮ǰһֱûǼҰ㰡ʲôİ
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ֻ˵һȻԼԱߵһӵҿŮɣСҲϰ塭
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ǰҿҪѸ̸鶼̸ˣҲȥƺоԼһȡ
ýӰкܲɽӰѾ׼Ͼ֪Լ¼ҵǲܱȵġ
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踣Ƶ꣡
ԭСѾǻ˴ᣬȴѾЩԾˡ
ͱˣýӰһҸоĲڣ  λǣ
Ԭΰ˿ʵһʼǱȽϵĵ͵ģ񿴵Ҳǲٵ͵ˡ
ǽӰһλŮȻԼСӵŮѣ˿ŮľǺɶɷڹʣ
˭ҪŮǰһأԬΰҲ˷
λѣҲǴӽġԼƢڻǱȽϵĿģ
θղŴСᵽʱ·ҲǸˡ
ԼʲôƢѲɻ֪
Ϊ֪ԼӵĻƢźԼĶһҪ̲סĻԼõҸɾͱˣ
ҲǹصģԬΰ΢΢һЦʵ
׿˿Ԭΰͷǰɡ
ǺǣǿǴӽİСίλ˰Ԭΰһ˵ɱҪĶˡ
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ѾŷԱ׼ˣְ۰СӰһμ档ұҲӦòţȻˣоҪҪ˵䣿
Ԭΰ߳ƣһԵŵͦϲġ
ԼŮ㣬˭ϲ
´ԬΰԬΰҿ黹ŮȿڱȽϵĺã
ǣ˵ǡ
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衭°һԼĸô˵ҲһΣ
ԼĸһֱͦǿƵģԼӲͦŵĻ׮ͽˡ
װ˾һ𣬿°֪Բô򵥵ġ
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γһԵĽӰΪжĿԼİְ֣Ȼû˵ɺŵȦѾܹ˵ˡ
ⷿӳѾ׼ˣҲûоʲôҪƾʲô  ʵж߽ҵˣǼһжѾ׼ˣ
ʲôοҲЩƵʵ
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ҵȻϣҿصҺãҿصŬϽӰ
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˵ĻֻǹֵĻôһھʯ쾪ˣ  ˿ɻأû뵽ȻžͿʼ׶ˡ
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648³£Ҷţ
 

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ټӱͷǳԶ´ĻһҸ
  ˵ʵλδ÷򵹻ǲģСûбǵļͬˡ
ֻ°ǼҾͲ̫һˣʵЩ̫Ʋˡ
´ĻֻĵͷһѾˣҲˣ˶ûжӣ
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硭
ӰһһεĸжԼ粻꣬һȴһεĳΪԼΪǿ֧
ǰѧ˼۸ʱÿһζԼĸվԼ
С󣬽ӰûиоԼʲôʱΪԼίԼĸ綼Լ  죬Լĸվ˳ܲжأ
ԺҺ踣ƵҲ˵һղҪҿԬΰһ֪أ
ڽո˵껰ʱſڽһһˣͺ´һСӣӦþϰˡ
վϰԱߵĳĲҲǳʱеŮӦþǸղǿеǸСˡ
ΰҿжûп˰´Цŵ
ϰЦŵԺǽǡ
ŶŶŶΰǽݾ۾ۻᣬûʲôûʲôġ´Цŵ
εıозҳʵ̫Լˡ
ϰЦŵԺλǹӣһ˲ŰѼѡ
һԵ°ֿ˿°ֻ˧һ˿ŶоǳĲ
һϰŮμѼѿ°ҲЦŵ°ãҽμѼѡ
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ϰһЦ˵ԺݾۻæɣûпգһҹҲ˶
пգʱһһ´ԭһģɿϰˣֵȴ˭Ҫ
ϰ尡ҿ˵ڳһӶŰǵòǮɣϰҲЦŵ
ҲûǮױŰѰ˼ŵʱŮǽһҿɾôһŮʱҵĶ˭
ϰ΢΢һЦһԵμѼҲǿ°ֵͷƺЩߡ
һЦģġ
Ԭΰϰϰ尡ϣϻҸ˵飬Ҳǲ
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СӰ⡭ⲻҵ˼°̵
һԵ°ֵ˵ְɵǼɵֻҪһ仰飬˼μѼѾˣ֪˼ʲô𣿡
㣬ôϸʲô۲۵İǮ˲ϲǽӰˣϲǮ
°ҲЩˣʵܲһӣ
һԼĶӷˣҲŭӵ°֣ҪǸӰһ飬ԺͲҪţ
ǼҽӰǸʲǣСӰߡ
θоԼܵ裬Լ棬¼ҵ˾Ȼڸ°ֽܶ⿴ԼŮǿԼϵ  һԽεﴺҲǳ۸ʲ۶𣡣
һУΪǼҰϲǼŮǾ͇NɪˣҸ㣬Ů˻ǲ¼ҵţŮǵ͵ۣ
ţģǮģǽһ򣡣
ûǻúõģǲǳģȻ֮Աǵġ
ӰƺҪıǼҵļҲԲġ
óʱͳ֣Ҷš
һԵĽ¶һֱǿţϣԼļ˴κε鷳
ȻԼһ˱˿ˣȻ˿ѾǱŭ˼㣡
ô𱬵ƢȻסˣһԵˡ
㡭ʲôŽѾԼߣҲŵĶԬΰ
ְղŵĻ˵һ飡
ߣ˻զΣһҲվӿԼʲôԣ˵һôˣֻɫҪ
δ䣬ĴѾкȥ
Ȼ൱ľ˰  žһ£  ͿѾǷɳȥ˼żѪյİ
ˣˣҪȻĻһƺĻܺ  ʲôˣǿǺųĵºȭȭﰡ  ¼֮˻û׹ô£  ѾǱҵϡãղǸʲôϰʲô¼Ҽֱ̫
ҪͨķʽΪԼļ˳  Ϊʵڲ֪ԼܹΪһЩʲô




649һ£
 

踣Ƶ꣡  ԭվѾǸúܽˣ´򸾵ŽӰһˣȻҪ°ֽܶ  ׵ļŭ˽ҵˣһ˸ϵ裡  ˿̽Ȼ֣һͲǸƢˣҲΪԼ˳Ϊױ֧֣  ׵һҸ̬ȣýҲǷ
ϰʲôˣ˻һ֪ɽȴ֪һ  ˣ
ǱĺңȻһŮˣŮ˵ȴ쳣Ĵ
¼ҵ˿֮ǶһŵŽ
Ϊʵ벻ͨһôҴԼŮģ  㡭ҴǼ
ɫͨ죬ŭӿһӸоЩƲס  ȴǺˣԼѾˣѲɾͲ֪  һʼûж֣ôΪԼϵˣĸûκεĴ
һԵԬΰСӣҴҵŮˣ
ľͲɾģҲ볢ζɫһ
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ԼãЩ˵СӰ£أ˭Ҫ۸㣬Ǻÿ
硭ӰһܣҲ֪ԼĸΪԼڳ
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ԬΰԬΰ㻹ŸʲôϰءһӾ뵽ϰ壡
ʵϣϰڿƵ֮ǰҲǵϻģ
ȻѾƯˣJҲ쵱  ԼҵŮˣھôԼŮ𣡣  裬衭
°ЩˣҲû뵽һȻᶯ֡
°Ҿ㣬׽㱻ˣҪڰ˵һ仰ԺǾͶϾϵ׵ŭˡ
׿¼ҵˣЦһ˼ҽʲôԲǵΪһǲǣǲýӰ޸ǼңǾֱ˵
ǽҵʲôԬΰЦһϰϾ͵һǺÿģ
η򸾱һԣ滹Щǡ
ԼСӾȻ˼ҵķˣ˲õ鰡
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ʵڽӰĻ£ڷûʲô̫ѹˣ  ˼ңԼŮȥҲ۸οһֱŮֻҪҸͺãֺαǮǮأ
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ڼΪˣǿɲмç֣  ´һһҽԺĸԺҲּܰҳġ
ýԼĶг׵ĶϾϵһܲˡ
ҪܹٳԼĶӺϰҵŮλµĻǵһѡ
ϰӵԬΰĵ绰ҲЩƣӵ绰óԬΰļ٣  ϰԼŮμѼѸյſڵʱ򣬾һԵķԱ˵ˡ
ϰƿţǰľҲסˣ
ҵϡãڿһ´Ů˵ϣޣ
Ժ⡭ô˼ϰ
֣ҵŮķ걻ˣ˻ķˣ˵˵´γЩƵ˵
һԵμѼҲЩƵĿ˵ݾۻô
ʲôݾۻᣬҳ棬ԭ׼°ֵֺܼӵĻ¶ѣ׿μѼѳ
μѼѱҭסˣһʵ𣿡
ɫһѼѣһιΪ˾ܾţһֱͬⰶָŮ֪һǲͬͶˡ
γĿ˿ҵˣֿ˿׵˭ҵķꣿ
ҵġγĳ
ϰ壬һķ껹ԬΰŮˡԬΰγ˵ɵҪ˵ȥʱγѾס
ҷԣһһװ޵ģǮȻƽϣҪòһĻٺ٣ǿɾͲҪҲˣ
γʵҲ֪¼ҵʲôģֻԼŮ°֣Ҳϣ¼ҵܹʶȤһ㣡  ֻҲû뵽¼ҵ˾ȻȺ˸ˣ⵹ˡ
һ򣿣׿γĳʵ
һ£ǰȫ뿪γĵ͸һ˿в
ϰ壬Ϊ⼸кũװǮԬΰмĿ⼸˵




650¿ŵļ
 

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׿γĵǮ
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ԬΰԼҶ֣Ǯ
׸Ԭΰγļҳڣķ꣡
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ԭЩӵİһƬž  䲻ӳһը˶סˣ  һԵ´˶סˣڣ
γһҲһ  ڣγʿˮʵʵ踣ƵڵֵҲһڣ  ƵǴ´ˣֻĪˣԼ  ڣϰ壬ֹҲţԬΰЦһ˻ܴţ  ڣҲ˵ˣܹõó  Ԭΰһװ޷Ѷòˣڸ̸ڣȻǴţˣ
ˣңγ
׿˿ʼߵҿо֮п׼͸ӵ»񣬲ڿò˰
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ҾͲҪôˣ׳ŽЦЦȻγĵǲ
˵㡭㲻ҿЦɣγҲЩɵĿף
һĳڣɵӲŲذ
Ĳһ£˳תЭ׿γĳ
ʱ´һԵԬΰЩĿųеף  ǾҲ̫˼ˣ
ԭһֱһũ񹤣ôҲû뵽Ȼӵġ
һԵμѼѿԼĸףҲǼˣ  ͷز¶Ǯ̫̫ˣʵμѼѿôһҲǿʲô飡  Ҿǲ񣡣μѼѿ΢΢һЦܣҪǼҵľƵꣿ
˲̫ϲЦ׵˵
ڣܹתǵ˻ϣǿǩתЭ飬ߺȥǱ߹һ¾OKˡ
μѼѵҲǸɴ踣ƵǾӪ˲꣬׬Ҳ׬ˡ
μѼѲϲƵ⣬ԼĸҲʹˣʱתóȥǲûʲô  ʵϣڵļ۸гѾ߳һЩ
ˢɣ
Ƶ͸ײƵãýһҲǿһһ㶵ģ  ܿ죬μѼѾһЩеת˲
γĿԼŮЩ㵵ʵѼѣ⡭תˣ
ֽ֣ѾˣμѼЦŵ
ܣھͿԿʼǩתЭˣμѼЦŵ
ָָĽӰ͸ֵӵԺϰɲ֣ս
ҵ
Ӱ׵סˣ˼һھȻΪԼһ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ  Ҳ̫ˣôܡһĸм˵ʵѾ൱ߵһˡ
Ѿ˵ˣ͸ӵļԺ㻹øҳȥܳʱ䣬չ˼˵صɾСӰͷ˰ҲǰʾŽ
ףҲǳ˸жлл
⡭ηŵöЩ겻ĸо
ЦŵҲΪ˱ҵľ֮ɣǾͷİɣԺҺٻؼң͵ʱҾһТİɣ
ӰЩ֪ĿŽף˵ĹעУΡΡǩԼĴ
һе˲Ϊ踣Ƶϰ壬ʵ̫ˣ  ʵԭҲûͨʽҵ飬鵹ͦɵģҲ˳ˮѣ
ĻԺԼûκεĺ֮ˡ
γģ㡭
´ָγģԭΪγܹСӲú
û뵽γľȻôûã  ԼŮô״ˣ־ȻƵ꣬һʱ˵  һԵҲû뵽оȻôǮҲЩ˵ˣ  ԬΰԼŮ˱ˣ˶о޹⣡  ԺԬܰܿǽĸɵŵ㰡γԬΰȻЦеĴμѼ뿪ˡ
γڻôԺһңͷ˶ȥˣ¼Ҳô¡
Ԭΰ㡭Ͻ绰ø磬⡭˴˾Ҫߣôףһ




651ٰȱ
 

踣Ƶ꣡
ԭΪܹγľܹ˸Ūˣû뵽оȻһ
¼˶оЩɵˣƵ۾գһ£
¼ôܹأ
ʵ˵ʵѾǺڲˣΪ֪Լղûһͺúõİ̸һµĻڵľƵ⽭ӰԼӹеˡ
Ҫ֪Ǻ踣Ƶ갡JõһҾƵ꣡
һжˣ  һƺһҲ׼ˣ
°ֱͷԵ쳣ʹ࣬ûκεİ취
Ŭôʱû뵽ȻĽ  ߵ뿪طΪöˣ  ԭҲ֪⽭ҵļҾ̫ãԼĸĸҽԺģЩۣ
ϾǸǼ˴ٹ˵ĵطҽԺҽͻʿһͨǾǿǮȨģǲȻľͻݣ  ȻǿˣȻľͻԼһȣ  Ӱ°ȥȻвᣬôأ
ѾֳӣҪ°֣ǿҲõһˡ
СӣҵšԬΰ˳Ȼû뵽ôǮǱϾJеˣ  Ǯôǿѹͷأţţʲôطȥ
´Ԭΰøĵ绰٣򡭡
֣ԼУԬΰͳֻĻУԼһ
ܿԬΰ͹˵绰
ԬΰøԬJоһλʦһĸɲУΣ  ԬJҲǻķǳģҪ֪ڽһĻпܾи쵼֮һˡ
ȨҲǲСģ  ԬԭڿᣬԼõ˵Լں踣Ƶ걻˸ˣҲŭѣ  컯֮£Լõܺ͵þȻ˸ˣⲻǴԬ
ԬΰôˣԬ𣿡´ԬΰЩ˵
´ںӵˣԼŮˣһõĸԺôҲһӰɣ  ˲һöԸˣִ򲻹˼ңǮû˼Ҷࣿ  ô죿
ֻһְ취ǾҸصȨƵģһﲻص  ǾҸصƺǣ˾ǲܹ״ģ
ε˿׺ͽҲһǵĿ׵ƽͷСϰôҲܸЩٵĶ
ǺǣһҽԺĸԺҲǵٵİûµģİɣȻǾҪһķҪȻԺ˭֪ǻ᲻ǵıͱһأ
׿ŽεЦŵһλΪɽԸġ
׵ҪȻ
һçȻ֪Լ˴Ҳˡ
ܹܽ
ӰЩ˵ܣһӸļ˵ʲôҲհ˵ˣҸǾֻҪһͺˡ
ǰҲôΪСӰⰡ̵
СӰһγȥҪҪ죬ҲİɣҾƴҲᱣġǮȨǶӸǾТˡ
ǺǣҲûôţԺпڻ£Цŵ
ղǸһˣǱϾˣû°ɣʿˮʵ
ʵ£ǺΪ  װڰֵûн֮ǰһô
׵ǷԹģ
ΪĻô׽ķͻǳļ򵥣  ֱӸǮȻýڼס죬鲻ô  ƫƫʱøķ
ʵԭҲǿһֽҲܹ̫ɣ  ʵ´ô˵׵Ҳжô
ǮѹˣҲûʲô  Ͼ֮У黹Ƿǳġ
֮ǰΪĸԭ򲻳ɹӱȱȽǣ׻վǽŵԣ  ΪŲԣͻоһȣ  ˣⷽǷǳܲ˵ģ˭ϣԼŮ˸ǰֳԼһأ
߰ɣӰҲûʲô˼
żһϰ廹ҪǩתЭأ΢һᣡʼ
һԵԬΰĶףһôǮJУҪһ֪ʲôͷߣ  ţǻţ




652֤
 

֮У  ˷ֱվߣһɽŵȻ  ܿ죬űˣһʮӴʮͷӳ˰֮С
ͷӹŨüۣһž˵ʣ
ЩСҲһֱͦȥѵصĺܡ
ø硭
ԬΰһˣӭȥӾԼ˶ίƵá
Ԭΰô£أ
˲ǱˣԬΰøԬ𼱻ǵĸϵ˺踣Ƶ꣬һŵɫ˼㣡  һԬˣҲ΢΢ſ˵©áø磬ҵء
ԬɵΪ尢ôɵһӣͱȺåˡ
⺰Ԭ⣬ǼŮΪԬΰҵļ
Ԭΰ̵ģҲŲٵǮģǸȿ϶ǲܱˡ
ղɽӵֱһڣǰԬΰŵòֲᣡ  ԭ׼װβǣŸǮ˵ĳ棡  ֱӱ˼µľƵˣҪʲôǮǮģǻñ˼ҸЦ
ԬΰԼΨһʱԼø磬ǼJлгϢҲøˣʮѾõУˡ
ôĵӣȻҴҵĵã˭վԬ
ǣ
Ԭΰֱָ˽ʵ̫ˡ
񿴵ԬˣĵһӾ  ǴҵĵõģԬ׺ͽ
̫ǷС˹˵˵ʵŮԼŶˡ
ο侳ĽأҲ֪ҶֵԭҪĻ¸鷳  Ǹµô˲Ҳˣңǿɾ͹ֲˣ  СӣҿҲͦǷģҴߡԬ
˭ƾʲôʹ߰ǴƷģôҲƷ
һʼΪǷ־ֻоֵأתһֲԣǵĻӦǴƷİɣ  ϾҲһΰ˰ɣ  ȵ˵طȻ֪ˡԬ
˭֪ʲô˰һǵƦåҲøߣЦ΢΢Цһ
СӣͦᰡλԬУ
һλվԬԱߣӲĽܵ
ԬУǺǣ˹˰ǸطذɣǴҲֲǹܰɣͲǷˣ
׿Ԭһû뵽һﾹȻһλУ  Ԭ׳Сˣҿ˾͹ôˣ
ûôֲܣҾܣҲӦǴװɣڼƶȣôҲֲܰɣȰ㻹Ǹʵ㣡
׵ѾˣһõʦһĸɲȻһ˸ѵ⴫ȥö
һ￴ȥôţֱ޼ް
㻹ͦҵĵãһĵ˵˵Ԭһӣ˳׺ͽķȥ  ԬУעΪ
׵䣬ԬҲкâһ
ԬʵƽʱһߵˣղһҲǱͿˡ
ɵ׵ʱܵľЩԾ  һ￴ȥʵ̫ˣղԼѾ˵Լݣ  û뵽һﾹȻôֱͦͦվߣʲôҪôһͷƣҪô˴ͷ
Ԭܶ˰ǲܹԼõܺ͵õĸǰ˰ɣ
˼ҰԼǸʲôģΪԼǳ
ҪһСĻԼľΣˣһʵЩ̫Ѱ
˭ԬʵʵѾȸղЩˣ
׿˿Ԭҹ
ԬԭŲߣƺԼЩԾľ͸ߵһԣ
׿ԬͳԼ֤ݸԬԬУҵ֤
֤Ҳǡ
ԬһһﾹȻҲǲӵˣЩ
СģȻǸ٣Щ˷˼ˡ
һȻ󷭿׵֤׵֤ʱûиˣ
һﾹȻһλĲǳô
׻ôĽ
α죡
һԬԺγˣ
ΪԬû˵׻һλĽ죬ûУ  ֤ȴαģһʱԬЩڵ




653SSS
 

һ࣡
ԬϵıνǾʷ׳ʣһôҲû뵽׾Ȼóһ֤  ֤ȴЩ𾪼ӻɣ
׵֤ϺȻдŹҰȫֵʱЩɵˣ  Ԭھ֤˽ģΪ֤ӡǣ  ҪǿܵģϾһ㶼ֱܹĳģԬһ·ʦһĸɲ˺ü֤ˡ
˵Ҫĸǰα֤ǲܵģ
Ȼ£
ǰСóһ֤֤Ƭ͸ӡǾûκεġ
Ԭ԰ٷ֮ٵı֤֤ģֻһ벻ͨ  ̫ˣʵ̫ˣ  㡭֤ǴģԬʵ
Ҫ㱨𣿡׿Ԭ
ԬһЩûи֮ǰĲҶˡ
ֻ֮һĿԣҲԲھ͸ġ
һ֤ٵĻǾͲǴ˵ˣԬŽٷ֮ٵİոоһ٣
֤ģҲûпܣ  һͬڲ˽٣ͷǳпˣ
ҡҴûĽ죬㡭֤϶αģԬ
ҲҴһҪô죿ֻ֮һĿأ
ΪҲƸһżΪͻ׵˳Ϊ죬Щһ㶼Ǿܣ  Ȼǰôôѧܣ
׿ԬЦһǿªˣԭһ£ɾΪνĵ˵֪ôѺ±˻£
ԬЩ֮ԱǵĿ׵һֲѵڻα֤ԭ˵ģ黹ֲܣڲһˣα֤͵ɡ
α֤Ǻǣ㻹Ҹӻһ֤ļٵģѲ㲻֪ŭһ
ҵȻ֪Ҿǻ֤ǼٵģԬҲǸˣ  Ԭһ׸Ҷĵˣаٷ֮ʮŵžžŵĸα֤ġ
ҪһѣȻˣоԼʤǷǳģ
׿Ԭ΢΢һЦϣ㻹ǿˣץһĴۿǲСģҲ£
Ԭ׻һţҲЩȦˣԥһᣬһ˵С˵һʡȫ
ţұʡȫ粿λС
ϵ𣿡ԬС
ԬΰԬǸһﺰ֮ƺǱߵ̸ʲôҲ
ʱԼøһͽˣǵʱԼɾͳˡ
Լø类һڵ˵ĻǽԼ˿Ͷ˰  Ԭΰǰø磬ô°
Ԭΰȴһȥû飡Ԭı쳣ء
ɲذǰ˵ʵ̫˰һҪģµʱùĿɾͲһ˰
ҡ
ԬΰҪ˵ɿԬͺһҲŵˣ
´ԬԬΰƢҲǸоһĪ  ʵڵԬΰҲЩ׽ȻĻαðأ
һ˲ô  Ԭ׵֤СҲһˣ
Сɲɵӣһۿ֤ʱҲһ  ϾԬıʱǰλһλĻҲȷ˵  СҲ֪һ֤пαģţ˵ʵǸ˼Ҳŵģ  ι𣿡СͳĺܣҲԬܹõ
ССôҴ绰˰绰ͷ׿һ  磬鰡ܲܰҲ˰Сʵ
ˣʲô˰СҪҷǰɣСıЦŵ˭ұأνˣ
лл磬лл磬ԺпԷСЦŵ
ЩͷԵ飬˵֤űҡСıЦŵ
Сͷ֤XXXX
Եһ¡绰ͷһû̵ܿǱ߾ʹһľССӵ֤ģ
磬զˣ鲻СһҲЦʵ
һԵԬ׵Сӣһÿģ
СıĬһᣬСЩż˵˵磬ôҲ˵ô˵һ벻֨˰
С֤ǶԵģֻܹ֤֣Ĳ鿴SSSܣ
˵꣬СıѾǹ˵绰ƺǳĽ




654Ԭ
 

ڣЩ죡
Ԭһۿף֮ǰС˵ǣѾȷ׵αġ
ֻŹ绰С˵һ飬Ȼ׼һˡ
α֤  ھǿǷɻ飬Сα֤Ļǵʱ¾̵ˡ
Ǵɵ飬СҪ뿪Ѿǲʵˣ
Ԭˣû뵽һԼװܹ飡
ʱҲԼһͣһٰ罫ҪԼ
ûмô󵨵ˣ
СӾŪʲô֮Ļľˡ
һŪ˸һǹҰȫģֱĽడ  С˿ϵıѾǱֱ䣡  һ˲ƺЩʧSSSܣ
ʲôұԸԼ֤֣ƵϢǾԱܵģ
˼֤ϵҲǺȻдף  ѲɽɺϣԲܣ֤ǾԲαװ˵ġ
Ѿ֤һ֤žģĲܹˡ
Сղ鵽˰ɣԬС΢΢һЦ
С̾棬鵽ˣ
ˣǼ˰߰ɡԬ¶һ˿ЦݣЦݴζ
˿ǰһУȻ˵ʲô
Ǹղ˵ѾǱˣǿǾе˰ǲ  ӰļʶȻҪȽηҪĶһЩ֪°ֵĽб
ڵҲǳ˵ǣϾԼJеġ
磬û°ɣӰеʵ
΢΢ҡͷ֪Ǻģ϶ûµġ
һĪģΪ׵ʵġ
οŽоϸ׻˵úãٶ
һİ̾ԭõƣѾת
һߣ
СԬĻѹҲûжһ£
붯ܶԬУҲ̫һɣôҲðҵĻ˵겻ǣ
棬ҡС˵ЩʲôԬϾ쵼Ҫ˼һλ쵼ӵİɣ
ô£µģʲôֱ˵ˡԬԼıԼģоһûӣ  ׵վǱߣԬжǴһ˿˿Ц⣡
ֽ⡭֤պáСȾ˸Ȼ֤ݸף  ֽԬղһмת˲֮Ѿǵɴ۾Сʲôǡ
СԬ棬ղѾͨұ֤ţ֤ڹҵĸ߶ȻܣӣӣӼľܣұ绹˵
࣡  ԬԼĭһСЩ𾪵ʵSSSܣ⡭ôܣ
Сʼʵұ绹˵ˣ֤ϵ˾֣
ˣ
ԬԴоһת֤ģ֤ģҲǰ϶飡  ׿ԬԬУҵɵĻµȫŵʱ˸ɽġ
⡭ҡҲ֪ݣôһΪԬ
ԬΰԭԼøܹΪǳڶ  Ͼˣ˶ˣǻܲĶˣ
ʵǲпģ  ֮ǰţԬȻһﾴˣ
ôأһﵽʲô˰ôԬĸɲȻ  Ȧ  ԬΰֻܹȦݣҲ˵ʲô
׳ԼȥúõνĵãԭֵܵãõĵܵܿϲȥҵֵΪʲôˣΪʲôᷢչһز
ǣ
Ԭ˿Ҳһѻ˼ôнǼҪһͺ̨ĻôԺǰ;  ˼ֽ˵ˣΪԼãĵ˵ʲô
ڿ𣿡׿Ԭʵ
ҡɳȥԬ̵ǰ
ˣԼȥװڰ֣Ȼк뿪˺踣Ƶ꣡  һҿԭΣյ˲佫Ťת˹ҲǾˡ
Ҫ֪ԬǸٵİôأ
ʵЩ벻ͨ  Щעǲͨģһɻ󣬽뿪




655ɵ۵¼
 

׵뿪ˣԬȴһӵĻ
ŭһԼ쵼һղ˼ֽѾ˵ˣԭǿԳΪ׼ҵİ
ҪǳΪ׼ңԺǰ;ǻһƬ  Ľ죬׻Ƶˣܹ˴ϹϵԼʲôأ
ôĽ죬ǿ϶Ǹ߲ģҲ˵˾Ժ͸߲
뵽ߣԬɵõһ  Ҳ˼ֽûҪԼƽϣһҪԼĻԼǳԲ˶ˣ
ø硭
ԬΰһԬ˿Ҳһĺ£Ͼøġ
ԬûдԬΰߵĸǰղŵΪʲô㣿˵ʵֻʵ
⡭øôˣԬΰԬҲЩʵ
ղԬһϵзľٶм䵽׷ʲô飡  ֪ȴûзɣ
˵
Ԭ˿̵ҲǼΪִ࣬һ˿ŭı飬һԵҲŵòᣡ
Ԭ⡭ҪȻ˰ɡһԴۣ˵ʵĻʵҲ֪ԼЩˡ
˵
Ԭ׵ŭˣǹغԼǰ;飬û˿ԥ
ԬΰһԵ졭첻˵
˵Ǿ˵ԬžһվĿһĿԬΰǳã
ø磬ΪǸǸĵܸܵһŮ̸ԬΰЩ֧֧˵
˵ʵ
˵ʵڵģ˵ʵĻҲ֪Լˣ
˴ϵٷ¼ҵһʼûúõĳԶٷ
һһеģһ°Ҫףų׵ļŭ˽ҵˣ
صһ룬ԼĻҲŭ쳣İɣ
˵һ飬˵ʵԬɨˣһԱںе˿Ҳһĺ£
Լ˸ˣԼø羹ȻԼ⵽Ƿʲô鰡
´ǰЩʰľ棬ԬԬȻҪʵҾ͸㽲ʵɣ˵ʵڵһʼǲͬǼҰֵĻµģҲ֪ŮҾһ㣬Ҹ찢̡
˵˵ţ´Ϳʼ˸˵һ飡
ԬɫȻ֮ðԬΰ㾹Ȼƭҡ
ø磬ǵȷ̫ˣȻǼԬΰҪڽͣ  ž
Ԭŭ֮£ֱһ˦˹ȥ
˲䣬ԬΰҲǳʺӡ⵹ǸһԵͦģ  ø硭
Ԭʲô
ԬΰһԵͬʱԼŮҲˣҲЩľ  Ԭ˼´𣬵ԸԬΰɣ
ŭһ֪˭УǸǰɣˣҸ׺㸸ǶǴũģҲУ
ǣøҴˡĴˡ
ԬΰûпԬ˵ŭѣ֪϶飬ɵʲô֪
´ԬԬ㷢ԣԬΰԣҲװɣ
ԺеУǿҵϼԬ
ôܣǡǸôᣬôϼ㡭㲻ƭ˰ɣ
´Ҳ֪ɲõģղôᣬôԬϼ
Ҫ֪ԬʦһĸɲԬĹ٣ǽˣ  ߣѾ˲ˣֽӹɣҸǣָ˼С֮ĸ飬ʧȥһöϱ͵źڰɡ
ԬҲ߲ѣһôξͱأ  
ԬΰŵЩ겻壬ڲҲ˼鷳ˣ˼Ҳ鷳ˣ
ԬЦһҲ˼ֽһʶһһͳͳûк³ˣHͲҪҴ绰ˣŶߣУҿѾˣ
ԬŭˣԬΰһƣѾǸܵŭ𣡣  Ԭȥķ¼˶ɵˣ
ǲ
ڿѾǰѳӶˣֻôҲû뵽һΪʸ֦Ůĸ羹Ȼʶ˵ţˣ  룬ʲôĹذשⲻ˼ҵһ׻ѣ
˵ýӰĸһϰ壡
˼͵ļǿɶǼڼڵģ
ںޡ
ָӵᴩ¼˵Уζӳ£ƺһҹ




656С
 

ļУ  յԵ÷ǳǢ  ĽѾǴˣ踣ƵѾǽҵˡ
˵ʵԺ󽭼ҵûκεѹˡ
Ҳǳ׵һ
ллˣܡ
Ӱľһ˵ԼİȷҪģϣԼİǽڼ̤ԼϵĻ֮ϣ
°ֵļˣĽȷ̫ˣ  ȻʱԼĸҲʮֵĵǣһ˲䣬Ǿ÷ǳĽġ
ЦŵӰмҵðһ¡
ܣ˵Ӱ׵̬ȷǳĹһԵĽεܰʲôвеģֱ˵ͺˡ
׵ͷҴȥչҪһ¹ĿҪܳʱ䣬һǳæµýӰչһ¶ϡ
ͨһҲǹ˵ϵ裬Ӳܹϵ߾Тˣԭ¡
ʵ֮ǰ˵ʱǾ׼ˡȻЩᣬж־ķúøɣɳģ
һʶˣŽ£Ҳһ꣡  Ӱݺݵĵͷ磬İɣչ˰ͽҺˡ
Ҳ΢΢ЦŵڼҺúõĸĸºң
лףһĸм
뿪JУδȥǴ㷵ؾ̫幬
˵̫幬ҲûлȥˣҲ֪Ǳߵʲôˣ
ڵľ̫幬龳ǿһ۶ӻĲҹң
̫幬
һ·ۣ
׺ܿĵִ˾̫幬ɽ֮ڣڴ˿ĶߺȻһֵ  ˡ
һ۵ͯ׵Ķоһ֣  һ֮ȻʲôҲûз֣̫ˡ
׳˭
ԼھֻˣһǸ󣬻о˹£  ˹¼ǱߣûʱȥѪҲǲ̫˽⡣
ֻ֮ǰЩɶ̫һ  һС԰ٷ֮ٵȷ  ˣҡС鰡ǸرۣӦһʮҵС
С飿ƺҵԴ
ಣ
һӰ׵ĸǰһӵСͯЦţ  飿
Ѿںˣһֱһû뵽Ȼ飡  飬һǼԵŻӵеģͨԲһ˵  С鿴Цŵˣ¶ˣҾ飡
ҿһλߣĻԼܶᱻˡ
Ǻǣû뵽Ȼ飬֮ǰôû˵ءЦŵ
С鿴׵ˣɱСҺòãǵɽһĴ༫Ʒòá
Ʒ˵һҾû˵ˡʼ
ʵĴҲֻǴһ֣ҪĴлǹ⹦֮ġ
ȻˣɽһЩҪܹ֯ʲôģĳ˺ʲôҲǴеص㡣
ʱû⣡  Ϊ˵ǸһļƷʵ̫Ϥˡ
Ϥ֮˰һˡ
ЩʱԽϤĶȴԽױ˸ԣҲǷǳ飡  ûиἰɣͨɷͨʱΪ˱һ˿ǣҲǱռ籩ɱһϢˡ
СЩƵ˵ɷͨ÷ǳĿ£
ɷ֮ͨǰǰ˵ʱ򣬵ȷǷǳ˵һҲòϡ
СЦŵǰûɷͨĻ𣿡СЦŵˣѾʼָˣҲĺö̫ˣҪôɵĻһ֧Ųס
С飿׿СЦʵԺһһְ˵Ҳǿİɣ
ǵȻҲǲһͻƵɵۼģСЩ˵
һͻƵɵۼȥҲǱֿڵ
С˸Ƿˣⴢռôֻһ㰡
ʲôһ㣿ֻһ㴢ռ𣿡һͷˮĿС飬һ￴ȥҲͦɰġ
СһЦˣкܶҲûи㰡
Сӡ
ҲЦҲЩ֣ԼѾΪһ壬֪أ
С˵ӣ⿴ȥпܰ




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СЦŵˣųɽһֻеһĴռ䣬ǸһĴʲôأ
ҲǣΪռ΢һЩʲôİɣ׿Сʵ
С˵Ȼˣˣųɽһɾ൱һС硭
С磿Щ𾪵ĿС
СͷⴢռһΪ㣬һͨĴռ䣬ֻܹϢ塭
֪νĵһҲָƣЦŵǵڶأ
ڶҵ˽˿ռˣҲΪʲôһֱûзҵԭ򣬹СЦŵ
Сӵһ㣿׿СЦŵ
Ѿ𾪲ѣĿǰӵеʶȻûзС飬˵ڶ㴢ռǿޱȵġ
ǵȻ˵ҵȨҲһЩͨϡŹֵŪڶ㣬˵ˣҲ̫һɣС
ɶ˼ЩƵĿСʵ
Ȼ˰ô˵ءСԥһµ򵽴һϢô˵ɣѾܵɽЩеϢˣ߰
׸ɻԴԣԼûиܵõһôܵõأ  СЦЦˣǲΪʲôܹܲоĳ
СӾȻ֪ʲô׿СоһĿֲ
СЦЦˣɱˣҸѾںһˡΪɽΪǿ֮һҲһľģǾҵľǿ˵ʵ˵ľȣҲвġ
Сӵǲǫ鰡׿С
СٺһЦˣľĿǰҲ൱ǰһ룬Ȼǿ󣬿ɱϾҲֻһѣҵľȴ˥䣬ϾǱ壬ǴС
ֲáҲˣСڵʶ±ԼҪܶ࣡  С̾һʶǿҲûɶƨãҲǿԵģҪǶֵĻǿ߿·Ļᶼûа
СĻҲ΢΢ͷС˵Ļ˻Ǹͬܵġ
׿Сʵղ˵˼ʶ˺ܶˣ
ǵȻһЩûɷͨΪûߣɷͨ˵ǿֻܹ˵һˣԽڣɽԽǲܸԤ
С˵ʵҲܺ⣬Ӧǵ꼫Ϊǿʢһ  Цŵ˼ҶˣҲ˵ӵбΪ߼Ƽǰɣ
ٺ٣˺ܴЩɽҲû˹עģǿɽҲûκεôΪǿҲǿ󲻹ɽЩǿߣٶٿĶҲܸɽǿߵٶȱȣʵЩνĸ߿Ƽɽֵһᡭ
СԼҲͦϲЩģϾ֮У˭о¶
Сνĸ߿ƼԼ¶һ߶ѣ
׺ٺһЦԺʲô黹ˣ
ˣⶫҲȤ˿һȤûУȥЩʱԼռġСЦŵ
׹һֵҲЩȽϵĸȤŶˣǵʲôأ
㣿СЩԥ˵Ҹ˵һ硭
һ磿
ҲüͷʵȻνĵӵĸȤ
ǵģһ磡͸һģΪһ㣬ǾǿԴЩ˷ɽ磬ٵĳͷ
СĻ˵ɣǼֱе찡  ׿Сʵ˼ǲǿʱźܶ˷
˵ǵģȰһ㣬ô˷ԼҲӰġȻԹٵķգͬʱҲ˶ɽٵΣգһҪŪõĻʱ¾ٲ
СѵٴһЩ˶˵ûʲôգ֮վͻɱϷˣ  ΢΢ͷܹɽٵģȻǾǶɽٷˡ˵ҲһϢ
СЦŵǰˣʵռòǴ˷




658µռ
 

̫幬ڣ  ˿̵Ҳһľ̾ԼҲû뵽Ȼôţ棡
ȻԴһС磬ֲ𣬸Ҳŵġ
ܹԴһСĻԺκ鶼Էܶˡ
׿СʵòǴ˷ʲô
ٺ٣ʱʵҲۣС渵
𾪵ĿСʵ
ֲһˣνǿǱɻҪһȼ  Ǿĳ  ɣֻǽڳʵһյƵġ
һꣿꣿꣿ  ܶãʵɽǿߣôǿҪ׷㣬ʱ䷨Ϳռ䷨  Ļһޣ㻹ǻʧ֮У
ͨ߿ζųɽǿǾͻ֪ˣ  ɣζųֻ˵֮һʵķԾѣ
Ȼ֮ΪɽһļƷȴΪС
üʵа֮˵
ӵǿԽ׵ģһҲӦ֪İɣС鿴Цʵ
ҵȻ֪ɽΪһû˵΢΢ҡͷ
Сͷǰɽʷĳ֮УӲ˵ûУҲǷǳǳġ¶һӣ
׿Сʵ
Сһ⣬ʵҲǺҪΪֻһǾܹﵽ񼶣
Ҳ࡭¶һ˿ЦݵС·񼶣Ҳô׵İɣ
С˵ˣɲҪ뿴ңʱ䷨ҲһЩֻռ䷨һֱûв͸ҲΪʲôһ˵ǰˣ
СڵʵҲ龳ڰɣȻܹܵõСʵ
СЩε˵⻹ΪɷͨŪҲǺײŴﵽİ
ЦŵָǰʵҪ೤ʱ䣿
˰ˣǾûκεĿˣСƵ˵ΪЩɵĻҵõɽпܸհ
Ǻǣ˼ʵֻܹôˡʵ
Щ֡С΢΢ҡͷ
֣ôַ׿Сʵ˵ʵǸϲǰСġ
СЦŵżǿʵƣֻҪͻʵƣѹƵĻͻᱻŷȻ飬ҲǿԸӦҵġ
СӲҵûë߰ײʵ
ǰûз֮ǰҿ϶Ƿ˵ģҴﵽ˵Ļǵʱҿɲܹôĳǰ˰СЦŵ
˼ڿɵĳʵﵽһľ֮󣬾Ͳˣʵ
Сͷǵģһʵ趨ֻܹԹԵĴڣȴɽ磬ʱҲܹˣ
ЦŵǺǣԺֶһİְ
ٺ٣ǵȻҳҾԲᳯСһ￴ȥһ󣬿һȴһ˶˾ˡ
׿СƨĵôоЩıأ
ȿȿȡС˼ɶҵ˼ܴܲһ棿ʵǲˣ̫û˼ˡ
СӡҲЦһû뵽ȻԼС˼  СٺһЦллˣ
Ȼһʵǿ󣬿ˣֻҪһСͻ  û׵һǾԲܹġ
׿СҲУСҲܹƨɳɣһøһݣҪȻƾճ֣ҲǰٿĪ簡

ٿһ£
СѾǳһ·Сӵ·ȥͦŵģֻǴЩײĸо  ׿СҲ΢΢ҡͷȻ׽磬ҸŪͯװɡ
ͯװСҲһȻĿףȴԼܹıġ
ʵȷǳ󣬿ʵҲôˡ
Թõʲô׿Сʵ
СЦЦʱ䷨򣡣ĻʮٶȣĿǰҲֻܹﵽˣɽĻҿٱٶȣ
ʮٶȣЩ۷ŹĿС飬ȷһشϢ




659Сļ
 

̫幬´ڣ
ϣŷֱ棬˿׵վһС  ˵ˣһ϶Сˣ
ˣˡϣ׻ҲЩ˵
̫幬ѾǴķĿǰŶżõΧ
̺աأ׿ϣʵ
ڱչϣЦŵ
׿ϣһֵɲҵķ˺òãˣ
ǣ̷˺ĽֱٰϣҲЩ̾˵
һԵͷǰֱе٣Ȼ֮ˣĽĺܰ
ǺǣнǺЦŵһһһӵʵ˹ʱͽˡ
һʣЩ𾪵Ŀס
ʵǱؿôôһȥܹأ
Ǻǣ֮壬ǿһʣЦŵ
֮壿
׵ˣ֮൱ţİ
ˣǾ֪ˡʵ˲ŶǾ̫幬˵żģϣλܹԱ׳
Ȼ̵
ʣһӵһǶǼĶ
ɾ̫幬һӵ˺üǾĽĽడ  ׿˿СҸλһ£λҵʦ顭

СһӻûзӦĹղֻ˵ҪԼһݣû뵽ȻԼһݡ
ʦȥҲͦģǺܣ
˵ʦܣϣҲЩֵĿС飬Ϊܲһʵ  Сһµλãҽ飬Ժλա
һһ˽ЦЦǿһС㣬ȥҲûʲôʵ
С֮ЦŵǸʲôһҼʦľ̫幬ҲЩæûдɶö
֡֡
ϣ˶֪Ӧôƺ˵ʦˣҲЩѣ֪ô˵ˡ
׿ϣЩɫǺӣҲЦЦ飬ԺҾ̫幬Ļڳϡ
ڳϣϣЦ⣬СƨȻҲܹ֮ΪڳϣⲻǸЦô  һԵҲЦŵ鳤ӦûСذɣ
׿ҲЦЦСС˵㣬츳Ǻܲġ
ܹΪ˵ʦܣ츳ȻġҲЦ
鿴˶Լ£΢΢һЦʦ磬ҪȻһ͸񣿣
ʵҲ֪Сǳǿ
˵䲻ģԼĶСҲˡ
ֻЦЦСһܹʲô񣿲˼ұϾ˵ʦܣôˣҲܹ¶ɣ  Ͼ˼ҿʦܣⲻɮ濴氡  ֳϣҿǻǲҪô˰ɣһԵҲЦŵ
쿴ͷǰֳϣ˵ʦܣҲǡ
˺ˣλҲҪҿˣ˵һĭһڶ!!ֵ˵
һС˵ȴģ˿һĸоҪЦ
ֻ˸ո¶Ц⣬Ϳһ
׷ԵĻѾǳ˵ĸǰ  鱾飬൱ľ˵ģ˵׵ˮƽǸ߼ĻôСˮƽҪ׻ҪһΣ  ΪıǾ
ѵ˸ӵ˽  ɢռ䣡  ⡭ǷԵ
ôоһɼǿ⻤ס
ҲµòĻӦƷ
ƷǺǣǼƷҼƷ͵
һۣԭΪ˺ܸУڿ˵ʦܸǳֲ
ҲһİۣһﲻǺô  һ־ǼƷһѲɲ֪⼫Ʒļֵô
ɽ磬˼һƷһǿ൱İ  ⡭ֳϣ⡭źϣЩͷĸо
֮ǰѾ͸һ͵ˣû뵽˵ʦһȻֱһһ׼Ʒף
˷ܡͣ
ǿǿߣҲ۾׼Ʒ͵֮ˡ
ٺһЦһμ棬ԺҾ˰
ϣüЦ̵ѣԺ鳤ǾϣõѰ
Ҳǵͷ
׿ҲƵЦŵ˵ǼôҲǸܲеߡ




660ؾ
 

̫幬´  һ˶Ц˻⼫Ʒ͵ǿһ
Ҫ֪⼫Ʒ͵ɱ⼫ƷԵֵҪ
ΪͬĲʣʦ¶صġ
ٺһЦ˺ˣλͲҪڹάˣ
̾һ֪ʲôƴˣǰΪһƷ˼Ҵ֣Ǿ֮ܰ
ϣô˵ǾǺǰǰǿǿģϣҲ̾һ
ǺǣԴӽ˾̫幬ѾǲʲôӲˣҲҵʵһҲЦŵ
׿˵ССԺλչ˰
鿴˿Ҳ̾һȷڿʮӣҪ֪ʵ¾ͲôΪˣ  һ󼤶֮󣬻ǵԹ
ܹ̫幬ԭΪڵ̫ϳѾǲˡ
ΪһҪͻư  ԼܹŵҲᵢʲô
׵Щҩνǽʡ̫̫ʱ䡣
ܶ˵ھ̫幬Ҳˣ  ˣҲˡЦŵ
Ŷ£׿ʵ
ͷһλ£׻ı֮ɽ˵صؾ
ؾЩĿȷ֪Ĳࡣ
ɽһĵطҽȣЦŵҽȿһˮأֻû뵽ؾȻߣ
ˣؾҵ֪֮һۣĿǰû֪ؾΪʲôƶ
һԵҲ̾һȻҲǿߣȹؾĲ֪
Ҿ̫幬Ҳоؾ𣿡׿ʵ
һԵЦŵؾΪ֣һǹ̶ģһǲ̶ġ
ǰĿǰǷֵҲû뵽СС;ȻҲЦŵ
һƣССͣĿ¾ˣ˻ͷϲأ  ֪鶮Ķܶ࣬ϾкܶĴвûдڸԼ  ɽ֮ʵкܶԼ¶Ͳ
׿Цʵʦܣ㵹˵˵ʲô𰡣
ٺ٣˵ؾĴʵ֣ƶؾǶһЩǿģҿԱ֤ƶؾ֮ǿġЦŵ
ǿ򣿣׿ʵô֪
ؾΪʲôƶ˵䲻㣬ƶؾʵϾһİѣֻһ㡭Ҳǽ͵
ԭؾȻһһ˵Ҳһ֣
ʵǸɽؾжϵģؾûнӴ
ԭʵһģҪȻؾôܺúõĻɽҽأ  ѲؾԼ᳤ܲɣȻǲܵģ
ؾʲôʲôЦʵ
ͷʦ磬˵ģİͼΪĺҪ֪ǻ˶ٵĲϲܹһؾ԰ؾǻܹΪá
Ϊã
һڣ鳤ССֱͣǿڳ԰  ܣԲܣһԵҲǳҵȻû˵ؾܹ˵ġ
ϣԭҲòܣ鳤ϵһ֮һľ԰
ԣЩĿϣϣ뿴һĻǲǲؾһѡѪܹУΪʲôͲأ
ҲǰһԵųˣҾϣ˵ĺе
ڸһ㣬ؾΪʲôһʱҪһطʵһĿģΪѰҴˣؾֵĻôҿ϶һ㣬ǾؾڵӵӦҪɽˡ
ﲻݣ  ɽ磿
̫̫ûгֹɽˣ  ȷһȥ΢΢ҡͷȷȻȷˣʮа˾Űɣ
һҪȥһؾ˰΢΢һЦ
Цŵʦ磬һ㰡ܹؾ֮˾Ǵܣ뿴ǿ龳۷˵ĻҪؾҲ൱Ѱ




661ҽ
 

һĳ֣Ǹʡȥ˲ٵ鷳
ʵϣҲһ˷ܣ֮ǰĲ֪һĴڣ  ĳҲǺܺõĽ˲ٵ⣬һЩԼ֪Ķһܹ˵һЩͷͷ  ֪δ֮һ
׿Цŵ⻰ʲô˼ؾ֮ǴܣӦҲѾǷɽ˰ɣ
ʦˣһؾԲͬѰĵط˵ؾ澹Ȼ̺ʱ䷨ȷؾûʲôһ
ЦŵǺǣأ
ؾȻܹ֮Ϊ˵䱾ʹмǿĹԣҿĿǰʵȡȽϵĺã
ҲǸһ飬˵ۼΪʵ
ˣؾֻʮ֮˽룬ʮꡭ
أ׿
һԵֻʮµ˽ĻôȫȷӦþѰؾļ̳ˣ
̳ˣ˽һ
ŵؾʧĳλҲһͬʧ˶ΪؾѲɻһֿԾпܳΪؾļ̳ˣ
пܣӦȷЦЦ
΢΢һЦ⵹Щ˼ˣ飬һ˰ɡ
쿴׾Ҫ뿪ҲǵˣҵŹĺϢֻ
˵ϣʲôֱ˵µĸʲô׿Цŵ
һؾһγֵĵطҽȰ
ҶˣˣĻҲ̵ҽͷĴܲﻹǾҪﰡ
ͷôˣǻһССġ˵˵žţһԵ׵һСƺܡ
ⲻǴţҲεЦЦ
ˣҽһʥءȻλʮźλʮŵ֮УǵȴЩŶҪ
ǰˣҽһ˵ֻҪһҽǶܹȻģ
ˣҽȺ͹ҽһ򲻺ͣһʱҪȥʲôĻǧ𡭡ѵ
Щε˵˵ϣҽҲɶѣαع񻰣
治񻰣ҽȺ͹ҽɣһǲҵġǾ̫幬ãܶ˶֪̫幬ѾΪλʮţǺοأЦһ
˵ϣɲ簡ȻҲͬ˵ϵ̬Ҳ̫һЩ  ǰϣ龳ǿߵݣҪҽȺ͹ҽȣϣҲһͷˮĿ
ĲǺôˣ
΢΢һ̾һ徳ʱҲǹ°֮ˣΪҵһȥҽȣҾҽǰ׼ɱˡ
Ȼأϣʵ
ЦһȻȻҽȵһ֮ڲ׼ҽҽεˡ
Ϊͱ˰ɣҲûɶҲһȻĿ  ҽѾǿ˵仰Ͱһʱ徳ǿ߸ɵ˲ɣ  ǵȻܣҵʱΪһ֮һ֮֮ϣҽŶ㲻ϣһǺɫʱһŭ֮¾ֱ׼նɱˡ
˵ߵʱҲĨһ˿֮ɫƺ뵽ʲô
׿ҽȵ˳ˣ
ǰҪ֪ʱҿ徳˰Ȼ˵Ǵ޵֣ҲǺֵģû뵽ҸҪ֣ͱһиˡ
뵽ߵʱ򣬻һĪľ  ΢΢һЦһоܹһ徳ڵǿߣ龳ҲѴﵽ˵ʵӦѾﵽ龳ڻߺˡ
ʲôҽȾȻ˵ľ֣̫˰Ҳʿˮ
׵ˣԴСһЩҽȼȻܹҽȶԿô꣬ǱʵҲࡣһ¶öԸ
΢΢ͷ˵ǰһЩǵĻûʲôˡ
һˣ¶Ըһ龳ڵǿҲǴ´ˣҪ֪ɽǿ֮һս飬±Ⱥܶ˶Ҫḻ
״ǰɽϾҪ֪飬Ҫֳȥ




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֮أ˲֪ǣɽȴ缫Ϊϵţ  ҽȡҽȣ  ҽȺҽʮɽɽһһ
һؾֵλãɽϲҽȵľڣ  ؾƺЩŵĻ󷨣Ϊߣƺ漴Ĵռһ㣡
ҽȣ
ˣ˴ؾ෽עؾֻʮ֮˽룬ǽˮ¥̨ȵ£ǲǿԡ
ҽȵ´֮ϣһվ·Ϸһλ߳
Ϸλ߱ҽ˳ҩİ׾  վ·λҽȻڳ
˶ôûõģ׾΢΢ҡͷؾʲôܣ˭Ҳ֪ڵԸɡ
ˣҪؾǱҪҽڴжü˵
ȥϪҺ׾
ˣĴôɣЩе˵ϪСǱ츳ߵһλҪ
ߣΪҪôôҪΪҽȵĻҾԲھΪϪҵµģ˵ҲΪϪҵµģ׾
ҽҵȻ֪Ǹǳ˵ж֮⣬ƺûκεĹϵɣ
ҸХһģҸд˸һаʽĻҾʹӦһΧڵ
׾̾һڵѾֵ˵˰׾ˡ
ôĺҩأ  ҽȵŮ˭Ը˵ģⵤҩҲһӶò˰
Щ׾һɻʵ⡭⵽ô°ˡ
㻹ʮǰǰҽȵô׾
ҽȵҵȻǵãһǵõʱҽХսһʱȴֲֻᡭ
Х統ұҽ˲£һӲҪҴһܡ˴ذΪһŲһаʽ׾һơ
ʱˣȻʹӦХʲôһ𾪵ĿŰ׾û뵽ʮĽͻȻἰ¡
ҵŮϪʮ֮ǰ޲ȥĻôҪ޸ӣ׾ʱ˼ǣҪ޸ҽȸҽȵĹϵ
ˣⲻǺ𣿡ҽȺ͹ҽЩìܲϣҲǾУܹͨĻδҲһ°
ߣҵʱҲôģʵϻˡ׾̾һ
ˣĪХĿģЩʵ
˵֮ô׾ʵ
֮壿Ǻųʵ֮壿Ҳһʵ
֪Ϫʲô𣿡׾ɫʵ
ˣ˵ϪСʾȻ֮ɣг𾪺Ͳţ
֮壡  Ϊҽȵĳ֮һȻ֪֮嵽ʲôʣ
ʵϣ֮ųʣǿʣΪ֮壿  򣬾콵ˣ
ӵʵˣǾǵ˰˱ӵѪùˣ  һ֮嵽һĳ̶ȷĻķԲ֮ڣ¶Ǵݲ  Ⱦ綾¾ҲԾΰ  ΪϪ׾Ů°׾ʹɱˡ
֪ǣһ˵ʴأôܻȥҪأ
˵ʵ֮ҽһֱϢţ㶼֪뿴֪ܹжأ׾
ˣ˵ҽȵѾ֪˰ɣɾХ֪ˣ֮ɲİһɻ˵
ΪХҪ֮Ů޸𣿺ߣ֮壬ǿľ綾֮壬ֻϪ֮廹ûֳѣҲѾϪ˺ɽ֮ۡ
׾һ̾ϢѾԼкܾúܾã
ˣɻ󣬵һ֮Х֪ô֮һʱǹҽȿҲǳԲڶϪСҪڶʮ֮ǰףһˣ
ûʲôðģ
׾һ̾һϪ⺢ӵƢ㻹֪Ը飬ǴҲԸġһҺ˵ͨȿ




663°Ϫ
 

ҽ´
ҽ׾վ棬ǵԱߣȴվһһȹŮӡ
ʤѩ˫ĿһˮڱģֻվǱߣ˵Į͸ţ
ҽ׾ŮϪ
ϪСһֱǱ׾ǻΪĳĸ׵˲֢֮  ҽҽȴûܹĸ׵  ϪĸΪ£߻ħҽһžʹ伣  ǰ׾ҽǿĻĶҲѾˡ
ȱһ˿ĸо
ȴԶԶûнϪһֱʱһαҧˡ
ʱİ׾ԱߣԭԼŮҪԼ֮ʣû뵽ҧ߾Ȼֱӹˣ
ð׾һΪʵǲΪʲôӣҪ֪ҧԼŮߣһо綾ߣ
ٺԭչİϪȻһҹ֮ͻڣﵽڣ
׾ҵֱӽԼŮ̫ϳϵǱߣ  ε֤֮ȷ˰ϪǴ˵е֮壡
Ÿ߲һΪȻԲܹ˼䣡
ɰ׾ȴû֣һһεԥİϪǳɳΪһͤͤĴ  ֻ֮壬һŶʱըһ㣡  ĿǰİϪʵǺܸߣĻһʵǿʱ֮屬ʱҽȶҪΪ֮ᣡ  үүҡϪŰ׾һƬĮ
Ϫ֪Լ֮壬˵ûκһ˸߹
ĶҽΪĸȤѧϰǿǰ׾Զ붾Ļľ绹Ҫ߳ܶ࣡  ˣİϪѾǴﵽ龳ĳˣ  һ֮Уеˣ  Ϫǹ°ģû뵽ԼүүȻԼôˣ  СƺԼүүԼǰģһֱԼںɽ֮С
Ҳϰˣκ˵Ĵ
׾ϪһΪ֮ǰ顭
ҲѾӦүү𣿲ҵܼ򵥣ҪȢҵˣҿϵˣǾԲܼ˵ģ
ϪҲһŮˣŮ˶Լһͻ룬ⲻ׽绹綼ˣ
˴ؾҽȾڣǸǻԤϣؾҪǱʮ֮ˡ׾
ˣ˼ǡŰ׾ƺ˰׾˼
ҵ˼ܼ򵥣һ֮ս˭ܽǰʮǿܹĽ뵽ؾ׾΢΢һЦϪ粻źܶ࣬һεؾԺܶ˵һõĻᣬǲġ
ҺθɣϪѲүү˼ҪЩѰһɾ
׾ҽŮҲϵ˲УϪһδͷҴ׸ҽȡ
ͷ׸ϪһЦȻͷȺ޹֮ˣҲҪҲա
Ѿͷ׾̾һϣܹһүүĿԡ
ԣʲôԣԴĸȥ䲻֮˭ĹĹΪ˺͹ҽȵһľ֣Ҽˣʹҵĸ𣿡
ϪһǱˣܹˣΪԼүүĻԼҲڱӰɣ  ϪС㣬㡭ˡһ̾һ
үүˣôˣҲǿġҺôҲҽ˵Ů㿴ҽ£˭ĵүүŮأ
ϪбᣬίܣҪй  ˿׾ֿ˿ϪҲ̾һ
һ뵽֮ĸ֣·һӾû⵽ʲô  ֮壡  һһ㣬Ĵʹ˵ģѾ˵İϪһܣ  ϪүүǲãЩ㻹ǲҪ֪ĺá
׾ŰϪ΢΢ҡͷҪϪ˵£ԼŮܲˡ
ˣүүҪҼˣҾͼ޺ˣϪŰ׾˼һµϣүүܹӦһ顭
Ϫ˵׾̳ԼŮɿˡ
Ϫ˵ϣӽ쿪ʼؾ֮ǰҶɵġҪȥʲôطȥʲôط
У׾ҡҡͷ֮һҽȵ˷֣ǻˣ
үү㡭ϪҴСŶûгȥ
׾̾һҽȵΧڣ߶ɡ




664Ѱרң飡
 

ɽ
һмеأҽȵΧ֮ڣҲڹҽȵΧ֮ڣ
ǼΧм䣬һƬյĵش
طȥһǣһ׵׵Ľ̳ǣ  طһһ㣬滹гǽʲôģػߣ
طԭڣȴ˸ˣ
ʵĺܶ˶֪Ҷҵĵ̣ҲҶҪԴˣ
ͬڱڤԼķУҶķʵ
ҽȺ͹ҽȵм䣡
λÿȥǳƫƧʵϲˣ  ҽȺ͹ҽΪֿȵĵطܶطҽǾҪסҪָĶ  Ҷҵ̳Ϊṩ˺ܶĶеʲôġ
нҲǿԵģֻҪ㹻𣬲Ҫʲôԣ
磬һΪŵĵط
ؾһã׺ʱҲǳҶҵķ֮У  Ǻǣʦ磬ɽķҲûʲôһ·ϵҲڵĺܡ
൱ˣһֻŷɵޱȣ
׿С˵Саʲôɽ粻ɽģǲǲעܰ
һֵ˵ʦ磬ô󣬱˿϶Ϊڴţ
˵Ҳǣƻû˰㵱λҲЦЦ

ߵĺúõģȻɫһϲӦǷʲô
׿飬ЩüСӷɶˣ
ʦ磡Ǻö鿴׹һֵطòˣͲһˣΪ
һΪ㷢ʲôأôԼˣ㾹ȻⶫôֺǺǵ˵
˵ʵ͵ҩ׻ûʲô
ȻˣҲˣԼȥһҲǿԵģ  ˵ʦ簡ؾҲһֳɵľһ㲻˵㲻Ҫɣû֧£ɣǵѾùˡ
ЩĿ׵ʵ֮ǰġ
û뵽龹Ȼ˵Ѿùˡ
׸ϽԼʶ̽ڣⲻ֪һһ  ԭ滹ǳԣȻѾʧ߰˰ˣżôһ˿˿ȥԵЩٵĿ  Сӣզô죿۰  ù˵ˣҪͻȻ֮û˵ĻǻǲôӦ  ˵ǰǾģأЩ̫ˣ
û֧ţ˵ܶǰˣ  ʦʦ磬۱嶯ܱȲЩûõ˵ˣԺȥɽ绹Ҫжٰ
Щ֪ܵĿ˵ʵ˵ҲǶԵġ
ĵط࣬Ψһĺôǰû˿˿Ƶǲܵģ  ˺ˣǻȥ˵ǸɣǷˣʶȷǱǿ١
ҲòϣʵϸղܣҲûзʲôط  ЦŵҿǰʲôöҵһܸӦԺҳԲ˿Ҳϲ˵
һҪ㣿û˵
ٺһЦֵط϶ôҪңԺɽأҿǸѰרҰ
ֲǰôĺö㡭ЩȻ
ٺһЦ꣬ܣҲ˵ġ
Сӻôһ˹ȥһ㣬Ȼǰ˹ȥ  룡  һһ̯λÿֻУһ׼һ׿̯λ  Щ̯λǹһЩС͵ɢĵطˣҪǿ԰㣡  һʯһҲʯ
ߵʱһЩصĶţȻܲʲôĴڡ
ʦ磬ⶫҪˡ鿴׵
Сѣ۹ⰡⶫǸöһ⣬Ҳǰ
˭СѰĪЩҵȻ֪Ǻö˰
׿˵ʦܸոʲôȤⶫʯ
Цŵⶫǻʵĺöһǧʯ
ʯ㣬ˣóһǧʯݸˣɫһţһû˵ذһǧʯ϶򲻵ģҪöõֵĻǧʯ
ߣۣ׿Цһ
ҿɲңⶫǼ洫ģȻҲ֪ʲôҹӦòҲ֪⵽ʲô˵ֵܣǧʯⶫҲãʲôҲգӦǿԿŵģ
ҲЩĿ׵ˣʵҲٶģΪоԼɵˡ




665
 

ҶҷУ  ׵ɫÿֵ汻˵ˣĸоã  ֪ķһ²һ£
׻ǰǧʯһҲãһ˸۵Ļͱ׸ɵˡ
˿׾Ȼôˬ죬תתʧҶҵķ֮У
鿴˿ǸЦһʦ֣һ￴ȥʲô񰡡
ʶ൹ҲˣҪǲʶĻǿ͹ֲˣЦһ
ʦ磬ⶫɣٺ١鿴ҲЦЦ
׳ȷǲȻ̺һ˿Ӧڷ֮ʱ٣Ȼ׵İɣ
ͷţӦⶫ֮ǰӦþǸƷҪȻĻҲܱɰ
ֵֵܡ
׺׼ȥʱһη֣·оЩļһ˹
ȥֵĿԣӦҲͶʮӣ
ң׿ӳ
ǣֵϵĶܲңʼմһɵЦݡ
ǣղ˼Ұ̯ʱ㲻㣿ü
û뵽ӾȻҲҪ  ģǼһղŸҪһǧʯʯûǼһҹģû뵽ҹˣһﾹȻѶˡ
һƵ˵ȻƺȽϵ⣡  ˼ⶫҲ׳
ֵܣۣѦԲⶫĺҪ
ҲԱˣѾ֪һӦϳˡ
Сӣ˵˲һֺĿѦ
С㾹ȻһΪСӣ⻹ǸоЩײģ
Ѧ΢΢鴤ܿȻڳһ˵ıλֵܣ˵ⶫǼ洫֮Ϊҵ䣬Բʹ񿴵ǿѾ˵үү
СӣݼզΰҲᣬһᶼûпǲҵ
СһԹЦӻ˼
ѦɫһСֵܣôӰɣҪȻɣȥŵ̸һ̸Σ
ǣһղŲ˵ʲôҵôֳˣЦһ
ѦһЦֵֵܣȥңȥһ̸Ҳһξ̸ɵǰɣ
ԭңŵģ
׿Ѧʵ뵽ң뵽һˣ֮ǰڵʱңŵӡǷǳġ
ֵܣҲ֪ңţңһͯ۰Ժߡ
Ѧһң̿ʼ٩٩̸һ˵
׿˿ѦҲûи֮أҪȻ͵Ǳһɡ
Ѧһ̵ͷ롭
Ѧߵߵǰܣ׺˺棡
˵ʦ磬㲻ĴⶫһɣҿһӦ֪һЩʲô
ЦŵǺǣ߲ǵÿⶫʲô
䣬׵һӣһɼǿѾǳУ  ˲䣬ϵĶѾǱסˣܿǶս֮ڣ  ϵһԵȻҲһģʵ϶ǿԿģ  ʦ磬ⶫƺһӡ
һӡѾƯ˿УķǷǰ֮ɫԵǰ䣬ǰ٣
  ԵޱȵĸֺȻӡӡ·  üͷһ壬ƺָоԾ
ֹȻԵ΢΢һЦңſ»治һ𡭡
΢΢׵ʦ磬ⶫ治ǿԸһƵԭǼƷһ͵
СӺҶĻ׳һ㰡׿΢΢һЦ
ٺ٣ʦ磬Եһ¡
վǱߣָϵıţܿһָ
٣ٶҲǹİȻǼƷҲԻˣ׹һֵ
Ǻö׿᲻
Ȼ֪ʲôͷɾ͹ֺ˵ĻӦòǷ
΢΢һЦһһٺ٣
Ҹղ˵ⶫΪʲôһѣȻܹЩĿ˿ʵ
ɽһλɵۼǿߣɱﵾԲɺϣѰ˼һɽ磬ǻܹһѡ
Ҷˣȥңһɡ
΢΢ͷһĳֻǴӺ̶ܴϽԼı׶ˣ
һϾô꣬ļʶǿ൱ţģ




666±ֽܴ
 

ңУ
߽ʱ򣬻ǿһˣ
֮ǰڵʱңеƹ¾ȻվѦԱߣ  
Դһڱر֮󣬱㱻ңפķ֮һҶҵķУ  Ҫ֪ҶҷеĿǿҪǵŵĿˡ
Ҳû˵ģңУµĵλҲǼߵģ
ƺ˱ڤҵķ֮⣬ңеĵλѾܼˣ  ͷҲǿλģңҲǲ۲۵Ĵ֮һֿȣ  һεĺʯѾ׬貧ӯ  ڿνĴ֮һˣֻΪ˻쳣ĵ͵
׿ҲǹһֵղһѰ˼ӣϲʶأû뵽ƹȻͳˣ
΢΢һЦһε黹ǶԿأ
ѦһֱֺǺǵı飬ֻǵ׾ȻʶµʱҲǾ˵ֵܣʶƹ񣿡
ƹ֮ǰҸἰλ¿Ѧ
λնɱѦҲһ
ղ׵ʱ򣬻Ϊһûʲôͷأڿ˼ǿʵȺ֮ˣ  Ҳһλ쵱ĳְ
¥롭һһ£ȻЦŵ
һңеĶ㣬濴ȥ쳣ĺӦרŽӴģ
Ѧ֮ǰð£Ѧһ֮ˡ
ݸһЦԭ㾹Ȼңŵ
˷ҶҵķУӦΪؾ֮°ɣ¿Цʵ
Ҵ˷ǰΪؾ׳ûʲôϢ
ϢҵһЩ˷ҪؾҲôװЦŵ
һԵѦƵ˵ǰûлʶؾˣ
ǺǣؾӦ˭ȥİɣЦʵ
ôأؾһĻǻпܣһεؾȻҽȵ֮Уҽʲôط˭Ҫܹȥĵط𣿡Ѧһε˵
ǰҪؾﵽһͲóʮ꣬ڶǾǱҪʮǿ¿׵
ʮǿЩƵ˵ʲô˼
ҽѾŰ˭ҪؾҪȲμҽȾٰ֮ս³Ȼ֪ҽȵʲôĿģȷЩ֡ҡ
ʲô׿ʵ
µҾ˵˭ҪǶͷĻľϲֻǲ֪ľϲʲô
ľϲҽȻǻͷЦŵ
һԵʦ磬Ƕܹμˣٺ١
Ȼ׵ͷؾųһΣȻȻҪúõĿ浽ʲô
ЦŵʵҪؾ 
ǡɶʮ궼ûأѦһ𾪵Ŀף
˸֮Ĳզôأ  ˼ʮ궼ûоܹЩǿӲԼȥһ󣬿ʵôͲôأ
ЦŵȻа취ǲ鲻
ѦһҲǳһһΪʮ궼ûأԭһοҪ׬һʴˡ
ţ׿Ѧ𣬶֪˵Ļʲô˼  Ѧ׺ٺһЦʱ׬Ǯһһ£Ȼ֮սʱ϶Ƕľ죬ҿ֪ʵģʱҶҿĵʱҾѹ㣬
Ҳѹǰһһ׬ʯĺûᰡ
һεĿһļһǻȰʦȥɡ
ȥˣ⡭λСʦҿɣ⵶۵ġѦһ飬Ǳܵľ϶ǲеġ
û˵ΪҸһأϽģұ
ЦŵʦܣȻС츳ߣĿǰʵҲǷǳ
ȥզûɶʵءѦһƵʵ
û˵ڻȵˣܿóҵʵ
ҵθ찡
ѦоԼܴôҲˣû뵽ԼȻһСPˣ  ˰
ѦоԼʵЩ̧ͷˣһԵЦŵǾͲǱȲ˺òãܴ
ԶԶԣǱˣܴѦ̵ͷЩµ˵ǡʲôղҸ˵Ǹ顭
֪ղǸʲô׿Ѧ΢΢һЦʵ
˵ϲоһЩϡŹֵĶǲҴûмеʱоһ˿ҷ֮ȴָоѦʱҲʵˡ
׿Ѧ΢΢һЦ㻹ͦʵϵģ֪û˵
ʲô
ѦһǺؿڶЩˣ




667޼֮
 

  ѦȻһʵûжİã
ʵ϶ʯ͵ҩѻģҪļõĻһʵ֣ͣ  Ѧʷʲôȴ൱ϲ
һһֱϲ̣Ҳϲ  ÿһγʲôöʱϲо˵һЩö
ЩûпǴ׬һʣ  ԽѦЩоĿȣҪΪʶ׵ĻǱŷҪѸղŵĶŪ  ˵ĸֵʱ˶ˣ
ǶɣѦһֵʵ
ȸ˵˵Ǹʲô׿Ѧʵ
һԵҲЩĿѦ⡭ⶫôû˵
һ˲֪ʵҲɳŵĸ߲žǲİģѦΪϹʱڵĳ֮
֮ѦĻҲǼʵλڵǲǽ޷
㡭զ֪ģ
Ѧ׼ŪһԼѧʣû뵽һԵСPȻ֪ûһĸˤ
Ҳ̫˰ôص飬ΪԼԷĵĻԼ֪
һզ֪أѦгɻ𾪣Ҫ֪СPôһԼֿеҲǻԵɺϲ֪ġ
ٺһЦҾϹ²¶ѡ
Ϲ£Ѧ˷ۿ飬ҲǷСPˡ
ˣ˵״˵ĶԻ  ʻУѾ֪˵λɵۼǿӦһˣ  Ѧͷǵƽ޷ǰ޷ǰɽ磬֮ʧˣ
ԭˣⶫǸöˣ׿ѦЦŵ
ļƷ־ǿǾԵ޼֮ѦЩ۷Ź˵
ಣ
һɫĹâ׵ѾǳһӡģĶ  Цŵ㿴ǲǣ
ŵģһƷѣ
ǷƷеҲǻʵļƷ  ֻȣôһ˿˿ζѣ
ȻˣЩĸļʲô˿֪һ֮⣬Ŀ»һ֪  ǣ֮ǰͼƬϵһģһɫʲôҲǲֺ
ѦԸоһɼǿȼƷĳ֣˵ľһּΪ𺳵ĸо  ղ˵򣿣ЦЦĿѦ
ҡˣѦ΢΢ҡͷȫ֮ƺЩֵ̫ã
ǺöɶⶫĲȤЦŵǲ֪ⶫ׺
ȻɾӰֻǼƷһǵ޷ǰùģմȾһ˿Ķ޼֮Լš
ѦһҪҲһ
׿˿һԵЦŵƹ񣬿ֵúһΣ
⡭ȷҪҿµʱĲʯ鷳
¶ĴмҲʱѵ
һԵѦͷ˵ʵʯ׬˵ɡңû˵Ҳܹ㰡
˵û뵽ȻˣϲĴָ
ѦƵ˵ͲҪҵЦˡȨϣֻȻλλʮ󳬼ţѾɽˡҿµʱΪϴư
ȻȷѪ꣡
һӹɵģѦɲǸɵӣӻǷǳĹõġ
ϴδؾǻ¡׵ӹһ˿⣬ҪĽ  Ҫһͳ磬һ̶ˮĻԼĸˣ  ðɣִ˵ĻңȻǳнˡѦ˿ҲȻ˵
ң˵ѲɾͲҪõˣ
ǵĲƴڤҡҶڵĳţʵǸǲȥڡ̫ڵλʮ󳬼ţ  ˵䲻ģΪλʮ󳬼ŵңڵʵ֮ǰڣ




668׵ġҰġ
 

ңУ  Ѧ׵ı鼫Ϊ࣬ĳ֣ȻҲ𾪣
Ϣȴ羪ըһ㣬һųȥĻʱ֮˿  ڣʱ򻹲ƴ  ңнʵҲǳеŷյģΪңȻλʮ󳬼ţλʮţ
֮Ķ˭Ҳ˭ʵǺģ
һţǻغ˼֮¾ûôװƽˣ  ѦҲȷǺʹΪ뵽һԶĹϵ
һҪǱʵǿȥˣʱڲұ˱𣬰㵽Լͷϸôأ
Ѧǽ󵰸⣬Ϊʵ̫ˣ  ͸֮ǰ˵ģѦҲһ֮ˣôĵ⣬ܲĶأ
ΪΪʳ  ʵ˵ҲֻѦ֪ǣԼ˵ģΪ׺Ƶļһ  ֪Ҫʲôʱ򣿡Ѧʵ
˼һµͷؾ֮̽ɡ
⡭ؾ֮̽ǻһʱ䰡ѦЩԵʵ
Ǻǣ԰Ϣȷųȥ׳
ѦЩ𾪵ʵҪĲɱɣһϢɢȥĻƴ
ҸղѾ˵ˣҲӦõϴƵʱҾ̫幬Ҳʱվ̨ˣ׵һ˿ĿͲһŵѦľ
¿׵ͬСɣʱһŪõĻпܸŴ֮֡һĻ󡭡
׿һ£Ů֮ǰ͸оͦģͿʱȴܹԼѵͷԣ  ׿΢΢һЦƹ񣬱ҲҪΪ̫幬һУ֪ûȤ밡
ֻȴѦ֪Ѧ˼ԼҪ˵Щʲôġ
ң
һ㶣û뵽׾ȻԼˣ
Ѧһף¶һ˿Цݵңſǵվӵʱˣˣƹ͸ɡ
⡭
ЩˣԼôİ
ǵĶԻԼһôʼվˣ
׹һЦѦȻǴϻ۹ˣ˼»ңŵ˼ɣ
ȻǺҲÿûɣٵҪ֪ҪǶ٣ûθڰɣģǺ񣬽Ļҿ϶ҶѦ˿׳
Ѧ𲢲ɵǰλ½ľ̫幬ˣʵǿᵫҰȴҲС
ͳѦѾ׵ļҰġ
㳲֮ѣ
ңҪУǱȻܹ⣡
׿˿Ѧ΢΢һЦҪ٣ǺǣУ
Ѧ۾ɵͭһ㣬ǲŵһεĿ׵θ̫𣿡
θһȽϵĺãѦ׿Ѧ΢΢һЦǵָ֮価Դҷ緶
ֻ˵Ѧ𶼸оЩǷһˡ
ȻҪ綯֣ôʷ֮Уз飬ɹȥûУ
ȻѦ֪ǣ뷨֮ˣһ缫Ϊţ  ʵѾʼˣڡѾҾ̫幬빲΢΢һЦ
û뵽ȻôˣҡһʡѦ𲻿˼Ŀ׵
Ѧ޷Цŵ
Ѧ׵ҡҲ֪ΪҪΰƻ͸£һ²ӦңŲӦȻְƻй¶ȥأ
΢΢һЦֻǶȽϵͣΪҾͦġ˵ʵҸղ˵Ļģһл˵һķУҾƹң°빦
ңķУѦ۾ЩŹ
׿Ѧûг֮ǰӦ֪ʲô˵ʲô˵ɣ
ģ֪ôȥ˵ңź;̫幬ûʽ֮ǰҲͼκ˴ݵġƹһǸɡ
Ѧ˿ףֿ˿΢΢һЦ
ԭЩһͷˮ֪ˣԼһ룡
£ҳ
׵̸µʱһ˽




669µ
 

ôˣ
µüͷҲ¶һ˿˿Ȼ
˭ƹ񡭡ѦһιΪؾ飬ߵϤ
˵ڵһĻ¾ϵΪԼæûдʯ˸ȵˣ  Ѧ뵹ҲˣһҪԼֵĻⶫóأ
ڤеƹ껣
ǺڤûôĽɣƾʲôңߺİѦ
֪ԼǱڤҵˣһֱܰԼ£һ˵ҪҪҼ޸ǲҪ˼㣡
Ϊʲô޸׵Ȥʵ
֪һڵʱ˭˲֪˭˲Ȼǲ֪Ҵеõ˶ٵĺôôǲٵġҲ̾һ
з磡  ˣͷʵ̫Ļʱȡ  ´Ǳߵɽߣ⻹к֪ܶġ
ֻŲŲģһʲô˼Ҳǰ׳
ǻ˸Ҵ껾ˣ  㻹ûκεİ취ÿιǼװҪȻûڨ£
Щ಻ԣ˵ʵĿˣ  ңûпɣ뵽ҲЦҪǿĻңŻͲ˼˰
Ѧû˵˵ңƾľǹأƹڿ縻żˣ˵껵ǹģ
ҪȻҲܵⱱڤеƹĲǣЦŵ
˵ҲǡѦЦ˿׼ҪȻȥ
΢΢ͷ˾ͳ˹ȥ  ңеſڣ
ѾվſڣֻԱ߻վһһһȻ׶Ǹˣ  ȷĶ˸ƭˣ껿Աӳ
ø磬ȷ֮ǰ׵õһǼһǧʯҲȻǿ塭ʯȻѶˡ
ǸһһѱĿ껳
ʯСôֵǮĶ껿˿һԵ
Сʲô֪ܲ˼Ȼϳʯ˵ⶫǱȽֵǮģ  ø磬ǶϿһ㶼ۣ֪ӦǸԭõмģɡ
ţһѺֱ֣ǳ뻯ˣ  껣վңеſڴСеʲôѽ
껸ŵʱѾǴżվңеĸǰ  ʲô£õܶ˸ˣǸ˾ңУһ̵Ŀµ
ޣЦһõʲô㲻֪Ҹ㣬껣ҿûôйߺ
ø磬
һ׺ָ֮ˣ
ǸƽʱԼø껣ԵһЩ飡
ܶ˰껵ӣǸŭԣ
֮ǰ׼Ӽ۵ʱѾչֳǲҪ츳ˡ
û뵽ת֮侹Ȼôһ
ëõܵı껿׺Цһʵ
̯ҿȻ˶ôˣ׿˿Цһƾһ֮ʣǧʯѾˣڻҪѶûȥ
ǧʯʲôǧʯҵĶڻ˵ʲôǧʯ͸ʯڰʯǣڰѶҡ
˿ȥһҲЩģ
һǧʯһǵǧʯ˶ûգһ۾ѾĻɣ  ֻʱ⻰ѾǳˣѾһˣҲˣ
ɻȥ֮ԽԽԼˣһҪʲôĻԼǿˣ
˼ȥ֮һѣ
ȻˣǷҪ磬ⶫҲҪʯҲǲ
žž  껵˵ŭ֮ʣ׵ѾǼʱϵ  ûй⳶֮ǰѾһһΣû뵽ľȻǵôߣ
һ˲䣬ѾǱǴѪֱ
ڵʹ໽ţһһĵѣһȻҲզεΪǷˣ
ԸѡΪֱӵķ  ָµʵЩģ
磬һԲϾͶֵʵ̫̫ˣֻҶҵķУһ˻Ĳⷻж֣  Ȼ׿ȴֻ飬ҲʹˣˣֻøķԴˡ




670Ҫǵһ
 

ңſڣ
˿Ѿۼ˲ٵˣһԵôҲû뵽׾Ȼ˵־Ͷ֣  Ѿˣզأ
ܹԶìܣĻһһ˲ĻʱֵҶִõȥĻľͲճˣ  Ҷҵķйغһķǲģ  Ƿ˼Ϊһǲڷжֵġ
ΥصĻʱͻܵҶִõĸԤҪʯƽ飬пֱ  ţ浽ҶҶеĵز  Ҷңǳ壬һĺѿ⣡
ڤһУҶҵҲҪҶҵĹأ  磬ЩǲܹƵģ
Ȼˣⱻһʹ˵һԼõģûʧǻǿԱģ
ǰǣܹҶҷеκʧ
Ҳ˵ⱱڤе˱ˣĻһ׷ܿ¶ˡ
СǲǷ˰Ȼҵǵȥڤеˣ
ǰⱱڤǺ۸һҿǲˣ
һﱻҲǻãһĵ飬ֻǿϧˡ
һƹ׷Ļңжܵǣ
һ˽ǿֵģִ  ׽ʵҲ࣬һ㿴ֵ˶Ǻܶġ
껿ԼõܾȻԼ汻ˣһʱԼЩסˡ
ܿ죬ͷӦ˹껿Цһ㾹ȻҶ֡
ǺǣôˣҿˬͶˡЦһ
㡭㲻ô嶯¿׵
һԵѦҲǳ˵ҶҵķаҶΪ֮һҪ۵ģ
Ѧ¶µˣҶҵĴʵ̫̫ˡ
ⱾǻռģΪ׵ĳ嶯һӾɥʧȨ  껿СӾ͵Ҷִӵ˹ɣ£ڹ¸ҵǸĻ˵һԭһ¡
ҹ¸ǸΣ˵
һԵ鿴껣Цŵʦ磬ѾˣҲһ
ҲֲµҲˣһҲǴ򣬴ҲǴ
Ҳԣ
΢΢һЦѾǿ껣껵ʵһ㣡
񾳽ڶѣѦһ
һӦĳЩЩĲܣĻҲʵϱڤеƹģ  㻹Ҷ֣ҿ㣬㶯һԣ
껿ףг˲м  Լõ˵㲻ǱڤеˣղˣǸڤЩմϱߡ
ҪԼ˵ĻǿɾͲһˣ
Ȼ֪Լʵһ㣬ıվŵ˭ǿǱڤҰ
һȻҶҷеĵλǳĸߣΪǱڤҵ  ȻҶҺҲϣ۸ӻнҲǷǳĿƵġ
ⱱڤҶҵأȻ̸ܵٵչˣҶҲ鷳ҪµĻðﻹðﰡ  ۿɲô嶯ѦҪ¶׵ݣһֱڿѹԼɤһ˻Ǻ
׿ѦЦŵ򶼴ˣһҲǴ򣬴ҲǴ˴˺ˡ
׵Ҳ£ҶҵĸԼֵĻʱԿ˻һԼء
Ҳ֪粻ܻôѣ
껿ЩƵ˵Ұô򰡣
Ҫһǵһμ˼Ҷǲñ˴㻹ű˴㣬ǻһļ
׿ЦһһﻹΪԼҴˡ
ҾǷˣҰ
껳׼ײҴСҪǶֵĻˣ  䣡  ׸û˼һȭֱӺ˰ͷ껵ϣ  ģⱱڤ˵ҵĲҵСӵҲйһЩģҲֵ̫ʱûа취ճ  ʵϣײ֪ǣ˿̵ҶҵķУΪһؾڶŹ  ׶ֺûжãͿӰ򼲳۶  껵ЩˣѪȥǳ
ʵԭҲлģֻ峤Լ٣ǰȥӭ峤ˡ
Ϊ飬ߵһ£ԭҪȥӭ峤ģ˸ˣ
ԼĪ֮ҶҷεѾվңеſڣ  ǵϳĮ֮飬ֻǵȴѾĶס׵ˣ




671¾ͽ
 

˭֣
Ϊһ˿ȥʮ£Ũüۣȥʮֵᡣ
ҲҶִӵһСͷĿȻʵرǿǵĳֻû˸⶯֣  Ҷҵ
ΪǱվŵҶңĶˣǺҶҹȥ

Լ˿ȥЩͷһˡ
ڤеˣ
ǸͷĿܵĵִĿ껣ԭɫЩЦ
ҶӳǾȻҶҵķж֣ûаҶҷﰡֱ޿ˡ
ȻˣȴˣһĿɲҶҵˣ˱ڤУ  ˣʱôҲ֪
ҶӳѦҲǵһˣ֮ǰҶӳҲǴһЩ
ϾҶҵķпУҲҪִӵ˸ùϵǣ  ϵ㲻õĻʱʲôĻ˼Ҳһֻ۱һֻˡ
Ѧû뵽Ҳ⡭
Ѧλʮ󳬼ŵݺ͵λҪⱱڤһССƹҪˡ
ѦҶӳ΢΢һЦҶӳҪȻ룬̸һ̸Ҳ³򡭡
Ѧ⡭²װɣ
ҶӳЩΪѵĿѦ𣬱Ͼô˿أȻ˽׵Ļ⵽ʱҲûа취  ҶӳұڤҶҷУӦܵǵıɣҿɸ㣬ҶҷбģҪҶҺҵľ׵Ļǵʱ¡
ʵҲ֪Ѧ»ҶӳЩɣھǼӰѻ
ƹȻִ
ҶӳһȻҶҵ˶ڤеˣɱϾϲ̨顣
һʲôĻʱҲһССִõСӳܹܵġ
Ѧ껵ߣ껣ʲôõܾȻҵڲƭҵĿˣҿ㶼ģ
ô£ҶӳѦĻ
껿ҶӳҶӳҲ̸ǷֱҲһ˵ġˣҵô˵涯ˣҶҲĻһ峤Ļ
ʲô峤ҪҶӳҲһ
ҶҺȻǾңҵ峤ȴ˭ҲҵģΪǺпܶһ峤
δȨܹ׵ĵ
ңȻλʮ󳬼ţɺͱڤұĻȴһεġ
˵Ļⱱڤкųµһ壬Ҳ˵ġ
ҶȻʵϺҲ࣬ɻЩġ
ҪǵҵĻʱԼˡ
ԭЩ벻ҶӳɫҲһѦ𹰹ֵѦĿǱҪߣǡ
ʲôѦҶӳĲױߣ
˵ʵҲ˽λˣһҰļͲ̸ˣ⵨Ҳ൱Ĵ
׻˵úãûҲ  Ҷҵǰ֣˵Ѿȫ׼
һҪңиҶҵ˸ˣʱǾ;ˡ
ѦڻԥΪܹһͳ磬ֱǳ˵Σ  ȴ۲Ŵԣû൱ʵҲ˵˵Ļ
ѦҪȵһ֮󿴿λ˵̫幬жʵŻԼĸ׻ȥ¡
طֵĻǲǰԼɽ
ѦҲ֪ҶҷеĹأǴܹͱڤе˴ɹʶ»СС»ˡ
ʵҶӳҲǲҪʹ£ϾҶҿУΪǺƣ
Ϊ˱ڤкңŵĻǵʱ˵һǧ˰٣Ҳʲô飡
껿ҶӳЦһͽ⣿øңҲҺͽ⣡ȥɡ
껣㲻ҪôߡѦҲЩ 
ǲʱ׺ͱڤеԼĵϷͻ
׿˿Ѧ΢΢һЦһԼ
Ҷӳ׵λѣ㲻ܹͱڤдɺͽĻֻܹҶҵִˣ
ܺͽ⣡ڶ˶ˣô˵汻һСӸˣ̵  ô£
ಣ
üǿϢѾǵִ˵ִңеſڣ
˿˶һƣҲˣ  ڤ峤ųһ˱Ȳ˰
ͳߵǼλ徳ĸ֣Կóһųˡ




672峤
 

ңеǰ
ǿϢѾǽ٣һԵҶӳεʱҲһ
֮Уһ㻹Ǻ˸ôţ
Ȼô֮ͥŰĹģǿ϶Ǻǵ
˵ⱱڤҵΪһ峤ţҶҷֳʲô˭֨أ  ԭ˵Ľ㶼Ƿ׵ϣǲһˣ⽹ѾǷˡ
ΪΪֿȵ֮һνֱ

ѦЩ𾪵Ŀǰˣ̫ʶˣ˵ʵңеĿҲǳΪĵһУ  ѦһֱŬĿ֪꣬ѣ
˼һѾע˳ΪеδУǲడ  ⲢѦ𾪵ĵطʱĵžԵõģ  ˱ڤҵˣǽ붼ˡ
ⱱڤǻ̵ڿҲ߲˰
峤ء峤ҡұ˸ˡ
ԭڸҶӳɾǾ׼ѴԼԼõܵһ֮Էʱ峤ˣ  峤պǿױȵİ  һ֮УҲ֮һΪģ˼еʯ  ͷܶȱľʯЩΪ˼ʮʯԼ
Ȼ˼ҶָͷǧʯԶİǰˣ  񿴵峤Լ٣ܲ  Ҫһﵽôģ
ߣ˭Ҵұڤ֮ˣۿ˿껣Ȼֳ׵ķ˿
ɵ׵ʱӶˣ
ԴһһǶּȤ  ֻʱ׻ּѣ֪ʵ  һԵݳͳ·濴׵ʱҲʿˮλ̨֮ǿҲЩ̾Ϊֹ  ڵݳͳ·λǳ׵ķˡ
磬տĻʵ  ʵ˲Ż㣬ûʵĻǶǳ
峤ң껿ʼˡ
ΪʶĻ˻ˣ  Ȼ峤ץʡ
Աߣһ״һһмɫ
ȥ
û˵һԵݳѾǰ󺺸Ƶһߣ  ݳ֪ɲʲôǵ  峤ɵΪõܡһѱһǱ˵ţ  һԵҶӳ峤³ҶҷУҪȻǰѴץ߰ɡ
ץߣץȥ΢΢һЦҶҲиͽ˲û
峤˼ǡҶӳһӸסˣһԵļҲסˡ
峤Ƣɶʱôˣ  Ҫ֪ǰëͷСӵô˵˱ڤеˣǼֱǴ
峤ղŻһߵģھȻ˵ͽˣ
⵽ô°  Ҷӳһͷˮ֪⵽׷ʲô飡
ҵ˼ԺұڤеƹˣұڤҲڼƽˣ̺Ϊ˭Ǳڤе۸˵ĻҾӦ
ҲǱһԼͱڤУ˵ҲԼһκûᣡ
峤껿ԭΪ峤϶ǰ
û뵽龹Ȼô£峤ǵǰԼ˱ڤУ  һʱ䣬ڵʵǽܲһʵ
ôˣҵĻ껣ڱڤеĺܶѾҷӦˣʲôõܣһƦΪڤи˼ʮѪҲΪ㣡
ۿ껣һĻ֮ŵôҴ  Χ۵˶һԺҲʱ¶Լ׵Ĺϵġ
峤ûʲôĻǾˣ
ҶӳҲһֵĿƢ̫˽ˡ
ֻû뵽龹ȻܹȥһѲǱ˲ɣ
ѦҲЩסˣһԵһԵ˵˼䣬ԭһͷˮѦüͷչ˿  峤²ûоĻ㱨ΪⲢص㣡
Ѧص㰡
ڤеĹϵǳãǺĹϵĻôңĿԿһվӵˣ
峤벻ż֪ɷ͹ǰ԰һ𣿡ѦµĽ֮ҲЦеĿ




673³ԡ͡İϪ
 

ҶҷУ  ϪΪҽ׾Ůǳ⣡
ʵԴԼ¿ʼԼƺûйʲôˣ֮һֱԼ  ԼүүԼ飡
ԭҪͨԼŬΪһٮٮߣþͿԼүүעˡ
ֲˣԼүү֪Լн֮󣬷ǵûиԼԴ
ǽֹŸԼʹõҩҲˣ˺ɽѾʮʱˡ
ЩһֱϣԼүүܹעԼһЩɵͷˮлһжǿ¥һԸˣ  Ļ䣡  ǰϪڵ飬ǵԼүүԼ˶ע֮Ƕ˾  ʵ˲˶ڰϪѾûκεˣԼ֮˶ԼҲˣôܻأ  һεĻᣬȻҽȣûʲôطȥ
ϪϣһʯûУһȳŵأ  Ϫһ˶Ҷҷ棬˵һж˵ʵġ
УԼĺɽ֮γĶԱȣ  ⱲΪĵ죬ûñӵ۹⿴ԼƺһѰĹ·һ㣡
ҶҷУһǳľ¥԰  ԰棬ĿɲʲôͨľƲ֮ĶǿɶһЩƳɵĲȣƮķǰ  С㣬롭
һŽ԰εӿŰϪ濴ţҲЦӭȥ
㰡ʲô
˵ϪǸŮˣʳĿ赲ġ
ⱲҲûŹ˵ζʱﻹῼأ
˵ˣҽ֮ʲôʱأ
һǱԼүү͵͵ģڵҽҲӦըˣ  С㣬һĴžǹ˰СȥЩЦŵǵһǽ԰ɣ
ţҵһϪûκεĽ飬һ㶼ʵʵ˵ġ
ȻҲ֪Щ˵Ļ϶ǲܾģ  ԰רŸṩʳģ˲Ŀܹ֮𵽲СáС˵
棿ϪЩˣǵһ˵Զܹš
ʵ缸˶֪ڵãֻһ޺Ѳ׽ʵȻУҲǺٵġ
СԾڿˣ  СЦŵǿ϶İҶҵķۣͯ
ܳһ𣿡ϪЩȷʵΪһֱΪӦõģ  СҲ֪ϪôͨʣЦŵǵȻԣλС롭
Ϫ׿һѵŮģ  һţѾĿע⣬۵ĿоһĲ
ʳջƺӵǿܿ˿Ŵһ棡
СҲʲôϪ⴩ŴһͲʲôͨ
ҲǷΪŵȵģʵ׽ʲôأ
ܿ죬һʢĲѾǰӣ  Ϫʳÿһ˶һЩʱѾǳеĲȣ  ãӵֻô󣡣
Ϫ֮վ㳯ſ˹ȥǵСŰϪЦŵС㣬Ժˣ
ţˣǼҵĲͦóԵģǰԵĶҪóԡϪЦŵ
СЦŵϣ´μС갡
ţлһģϪҲ΢΢һЦ
ǵСЦŵС㣬ǲǰʽһ£
ˣûдʯϪ˵仰ʱԼоǷǳƽ
ûʯǵСһ⻰˶ˣŰϪС㣬ǸҿЦİɣ
ûдʯҪȻ´θ㣿ϪŵСҲЩ˼
ղű˽˵ʱѾ뵽ˣЩﻢ£  ʱݵĻôĺǿɾҪͷˡ
´θң㵱ǽ԰ʲôҪ԰ҲʲôطСһƶ
Ŵͦģû뵽ȻֲҪŮˡ
ڰϪǰһһƴӺݵŮӳŰϪЦһԱߵǸƺ۾û뿪Ϫ
ҲѹŮ˻˵ĻȻŮ˴⣡  С㣬֪Ƿʶأ
ǸϪŮӵԱߣһźɫۣǰӡһɫõվŰϪ΢΢һЦ
٣
ŮһԼߵ˾ȻŮ˷һаĿ⣬Щ㵵Ŀӡ
Ϫӣ㶣ȻҲʶ㣡
ô˵ǲٷˣٷһݣۿŶİϪ  СҲڵ




674޳ܵ
 

ٷ磡
ҽХӣһҶҵķҲΪǰμҽȾٰ֮ս  ٷǸĺɫ֮ͽߵŮǻһһ磡
ֻǴû˵ˣⲢףүүХס
ԭҲ֪ģΪүүϣԼȢҽ׾ŮϪ
Ϫ˵һŮٷȻҲͣ  ֻҪȢϪҪȵһ֮ſԣ  һΣٷ粢Ϊ˰ϪѣֻҪʶһؾǸʲô  ٷȻɫ츳ȴ쳣ĸߣҽȾٰ֮սҪһҽȵ
ҪܹһͷĻǵʱҽȵӿ¾ûеطˣ  ô⡭
ǵСһٷ磬̻һĵı飡
Ҫ֪ҶҷܹľǹҽȺҽȵˣΪҵĵġ
λŮûʯӦô죿ٷ翴ŵС
ûʯߣǾͲðˣ˭ܹʯĻŮ˾͹˭ˡ
СȻ˽ٷƢԣӭٷ˵ء
һƶ֪ǿλŮˣ  ٺ٣ǮҳˣٷЦһŰϪ񶼱ˣ
ҡҶ˵ˣһʯģϪŵСŭһ
ڵǰʯó֪һٳ˶ʯǧʯСͬŭһ
ҵθԹԣŮܳ԰
ǰһӳǧʯͶԳ¾˰
õùɣûʯҶҵ˿ɲɣ
ҪǧʯҲŮ˰ǡ
µһЩǱ˽ǧʯ˵ǿɶǲСĿˡ
ȻϪǸŮʱ˭Ӣ۾ǲ
ϪٷЦһٷ磬Ȱ㲻Ҫҵ⡭
Ӵǣ㻹֪ҽٷ簡Ȼ֪ĻӦùԹԵĲ𣿡ٷҲЦһŰϪǹӶˡ

ϪȻ֪ٷʲôˣΪһĻĲüˣ̫Ϥˣ
û뵽ԩ·խǸˣ  Ϫɲٷ磬ҲˣٷԼɱ˵ĻʱҲʲô³
Բһģ  أ
ٷҲû뵽ϪȻˣǺôĵӰ  ٷ⧲£ȻϪһƴ˳ȥüףʵȰϪҪǿϲ٣  ǣǸҪҽ㳢ʲôٷЦһв֪ʲôʱѾǶһҩ裡
ϪһУҪˣɵȵҪȥʱȴ鲢ûôļ򵥣
䣡
ٷһȭϪоһȵѹ֮ԼȻٷεĿסˣ˿ܹ
ٷʵҪϪҪ̫̫߳ˣѾǴﵽ龳ڣİϪ񾳳ڶѣ
źüأ  ಣ
һĨɫĹ켣ѾǴٷֱ䵽˰ϪĿУ  ڼ  Ϫɴ۾ٷ磬˲һ֮ѾϮȫ  ߣҶҵĵ֮󣬻ܲиղǹӵСүһҪٷһεЦǵСҲһˣٺһЦ¾æ
ˣٷе⣬˦һʯǵСУϲ⣡  ǲҪ컯֮¾Ȼɳ֮£°
һ¥֮гԷǿһ  ˿׵ͷСòҪǰ
峤žˣ˿Աɵ޳ܣЦһ¥һԾѾǵٷĸǰ  ղŮӳԷûʯҲû⣡
Ͼײ֪Ů˵ʲôˣɿǰǵʱ̲סˡ
ҪǸղŮ˴Ӧٷ磬ҲһЦ֮лŮã  ٷʯҲãǳ˧ҲգǶԸ飡  Ȼһ·ߣƫƫϲ·׾Щˡ
ڤҵˣҹҽȸԹ޳ĪҪҹҽȹȥˣٷһϷ˹ȥ  ٷͱ˵ӣҲ΢΢һ̾ɷһ棿
ӣ԰ٷЦһ㲻ҪǹҽΪṩҩ
㡭üͷһ壬һҲסԼĶ̰ˣ  ڤиҽȱŵҩϵĺⲻǴԼʹô
׳΢΢һЦ峤ṩṩ
㣿ٷһмĿף




675׶𾪵
 

ôˣ׿˿ٷ
ҽ֮ǰ˵ģû뵽ҽȵʲôȻһ˱ӵˣ  ҩֶкһŮֶʵЩ˷ָ  аħʲô
ٷ翴˿˵һˣʱʹɱ֣
˼ⲻҵˣ˵ȰҲΪ֮ʱ֪Ϊʲô
вң
ٷЩ֮ԱǵĿȻⱱڤеȷǱȽϵţ棡  ǹҽҲǸǵģڤк͹ҽȾ൱Ȼһ㣬ҪǶ˭ֲٵıˣ  вǾǰɣҲĿҵѱģϵŮȰ㻹Ƿ¡
ʵ֮ҲǳƲٷ磬һʵЩЩ֮˵  ҪĻ½԰Ŷˣ
˼ǿСˣٷŭָһףǱ
û뵽⵽ߵķ⣬ȻҪˣ  Ů˸׷֮ѡĻ²ѡŮˡ
ٷǺɫɵ  һΪԼɫģʱſ¶Ҫŭˡ
Ϊҽȸڤ֮ĺÿ׬ȡǷǳ֮ߵģϾڤֲ㡢ߵһУ
΢΢ͷǵȻҪܹ˵ͨѵĻȻҲԸ˻ˮˣ
ٷת׵λѣ뿪ԺѣһеĻǿɾǳˡ
ԺӦǳˣ׿ٷ磬иûһ˿һĺ£
һԵѦ𿴵Ҳһһ㶵ģβˮְ
ʲô˶ҵҵĶǷǳĺݵģûлأ  ˵ǰǿĻĸоˢˣ
ǸҼסٷɲôõģϣСܹƽ뿪ҶҷСߡ
ٷȨһ£Щʵ뿪˽԰
˿ҪڴȥĻǲȡʲôأ
׿ٷĲ鲻Ը뿪֮ҲǳŮķ˹ȥ
ǺҰ
ҲҲһƵӣ
׿˿ղǼһеĵӦҩеһְɣ
ҩУĵһģٷûʲôİãŮɫ˵İãҲΪĵֻԼȡġ
׵ͷðɣȸλⶾɡ
һԵüͷʦ磬
ôˣ׿龹ȻɫأҲЩֵʵ
鲢δ˵ѾǴ׵ˣϽŮһƧĵطл˵
Ůҩһ˴ߣƵ˵
ȴ߰ɣȵʱڸ˵ɫҲԵЩأ
ʱЩ˼˿֣ȴŮȥⶾˣпپۣ
٣㻹ֱӰһΪһЦǶˣҶ
ҲǿЦһŰϪȥңеĶ㣡
ǺＱģʵҲǲ첻ѣ˵ײӦ˰
ɲ֪Ϊʲô֮ǰֵ˵ת˲֮ȴǱһһ㣡
ңеĶ㣡
ռ䶼ѾǱڿ˭ҪʵܹǰλУ  С飬ô°ⶪ˿ɶ˰׿ЩƵ˵
λҪⶾ
Ҫⶾôܣղ˵˹ҽȵҩ˵Եġ׳㿴ڵӣƺѾʼˡ
Ǻǣô㶾Եҩ˵ûã
ûãô°׿ʵ
ʵϣ֮׻ûпóΪǾһʣ  ҲΪʲôղŻüԭΪЩ֪ģ֪
λǴ˵е֮壬ֳ֮Ϊ֮壡һεü
ôţЩ𾪵Ŀ飬Ϊ֪鶼ü飬Ĳðˣ  ţҸ˵ֻʵ΢ģĴﵽ龳Ļʱڵĵطǧ֮شݲ
鿴׳֮ɽֹһΣǵѹʱĻ⽫ɽһѰ




676
 

ž  ר־ĸʱ򣬾һ  ׻Щ⧲Ϊ˼⣬Ҳû뵽Ů˻ѣ
⼴ʱķӦǿԵģڰϪּҪ鵽Լ͵һ̣Ѿǵס˰Ϫ֣  ޳֮ͽ
Ϫ֮ǰһ֮Ƕ֮תһȦˣ
˲֪֪ģ  ֮µǾǶҩҩ˵ֱ鵤ҩ  ԽǿյľԽ죬ʱʵҲԽ죡
֮Ŀ֮ʵֻҪԶҩʵܹϵ
Ƕô̬һʣҲǶôµһʰ  ˵ʲôװôԴĶ˵ģ׿ŰϪҲЩ˵
ңҿٷһģҪңҸͬھϪгһ־
ʦȵ㣬ʵҲñ˾ȣ
һԵ鵽׿ȥǸС˵ʱЩʹġ
ģ
ϪЩţһƽ޹ʵľԼôô񰡣
΢΢ͷŮ治ƭ㣡еǸٷѾˡ
ⶾǽģٷ޳֮ͽȻĵֶΡ
Ϫɫһ죬ʵ˵ҩ֮Ĵо˵һ裡  ׿ŰϪĶǽġ

Ϫʶĵ˵ͷƺҪԼ壬ߣЩ˼
΢΢ҡͷĶȷҽģȻҲûбռκεıˡΪĶԼġ
ԼģôܣΪСô
ϪȻδҽȱһܶ˽ġ
Լⶾٷ籾ҲҩųⶾôýĻǾͲôˣ  ׿ŰϪС飬˵ɣһЩ㲻ʡ
֮壡  ׻ǵһ˵ΪʼǾģڴеʱҲû⣡  ҪĻ»ǷֲˣȻҲоŮЩͬ  ΪһʣΪʵ˽ҪһҪǿĶ࣡
ϪЩɵĿ˿ôСƺʲôҩųһ׵ģԼôܸԼⶾһǡֶ
㻹֪ԡ鿴˿Ϫ΢΢һЦ
ԣʲôԣϪԵʵ
鿴ŰϪŮ֮˵ô
ȻˡϪм˵ҿҽȵˣȻ˵ġǰʣ˵ͳֹһΡ
ǺǣͳֹһΣڵڶγˣʼ翴ŰϪ
Ϫɴ۾㡭㿪ʲôЦ
㿴㿪ЦҲǸղΪʲô˵ҪǾȵһԭΪⶾҩ˵ǲƷԵԵ֣
˵ĽǼˣ֮һǱ˶Ȳ˵ġ
ܡ
ϪҲǾһƬѾ뵽һЩ飬Լж֮ԼүүԼͰԼˣ
ѲԼ֮壿ĻΪʲôԼүүɱԼ  ֮壬ǿ֮尡ŵھǱһŶʱըˣ  ʲôܵģ˵ʵ֮һ֣Ǳɱѿ֮еġ㷢˻ûбɱֻ˵һ㡭ε˵
ʲôϪгĪľһ֮ĸ֣ˡ
鿴ŰϪҪôûб֣ҪôǷֵ֮ˣ᲻ɱ㣡
Ǿûн֮ĽܣҲ׷ʵ
鿴˿׵ʦ磬֮ûκνȵķǿߣѲָǿ𣿲ʵҲõģֻҪλŮ仵ʵһжλ
λôˣ׿ʵ
̾һλ֮ĸʵҰ̫ŭһ磬λǿնɱҲҰ
׿˿Цŵô̬ǿԶһѡ
ʲôһѰϪ׺鲻֪ĸʲôɫҲѿ˼㣡  ٺ٣ʦ磬ʵһһõ飡λŮò绨ҿˣҪǳҵĴɩĻԺԼˣô˵ҲܸԼ˹ȥɣ
һ鵱ŰϪ˵Ļ˼ҵ鰡  ˵⣬ģ  ׸оһǳĺðˣʱǲһˣ  ôŸоЩҪСأ
Ϫ뿪ʱײδֹΪŮ˵ӡǣ  ֮ս죡
ɰϪӶ֮飬Ĵν󰡣




677°׾
 

ҽţ  ؾһǿߣⱨ֮ȴһٶ˶ѣ  ܶ˶֪֮ģȻҽ˵ǵ㵽Ϊֹ
ȥʱܰѱôأ
ܶʵǿұˣұʮǿҲûжϣ
Ȼܶ˶ҪһؾķɣҲ֪ⲻЩǵĹضѣ
ǽҽʮǿʱؾ³ɹĻҲ  Щźͳǣĸ˵ûһЩЩӵʲôأ
˵ΨһӵеĻǾǵ츳ǵڷܶѣ
ʮ꣬żʵ̫ˣ  ʮ꣬ҪЩԴḻĺȣǲܵ飡
׺ֺȻ˱İ֮У֮г׺֮⣬Ժܶŵǿߣ
ڡ̫ڡҽȡҽȡҡҶҵȵȣЩΨһҪĿ¾ǵһˣ
޵һ޵ڶ
˭ҪЩЩŵͷǶһأ  ˣһαһʮˣ޳λ֮ʣһٶʮλŰ׾
㰲һ°ɡ׾˿Ѿûʲô˼ˣ
ˣϪСѾˣʲôõĵأŰ׾
ҵĸܶ໰Ҳ˵Ƕ㣬ûܵģ׾
л̧ЩмĿŰ׾
ϪͻȻңԼǲ֮塭׾
⡭ϪСô֪𾪵ĿŰ׾ʵ
Ҳ֪ȴ˵׾΢΢һ̾ⲻĵ飬ʵϪ֪֪ν
ǰ֮ȻֲֻҪϪСĵƣʵҲûôĿ£Щε˵ʵ֮Ǹʱը˭ֲأ
̫ϳҪϪѿ֮а׾
̫ϳϸ˵ˣ֮ǰǲһֱûб̬𣿡Щ𾪵ĿŰ׾Ҫ֪ô˵Ϫɶǰ׾Ů
ʵһֱڵұ̬ȣֻôɱΨһŮأ׾̾һֻһǿҪϪˣǺ¿Ʋס桭
ˣҲҪ˵ģһٷεͷĳӵܰεͷĻǿ׸ҽ𣿡
ĵĲ޵ҽȻǿ󣬿ҽȲ࣬ҽȻҪǿҲûУ
ЩŵŻߵϵô׸ҽȥһŮأ
Բܣ  ׾ͷһҺγû뵽Ϫ޵Ըֲǲ˽⣬Ѱĺġ
ˣôˣһӾܹĵҵǾþǼҲһʱˡŰ׾
ʲôõĶԲߣ׾ʵ
ˣȻѾزǵ֮սҲѾȻ̤ȥһͿǲʲô漣ϪСȻ֪ˣҲӦ֪Լˡ
׾̾һ̫ϳǱѾؾ֮ʱһûжֵĻôǾҪԶˣ
̫ϳĶ֣ҲΪ΢΢һ̾
׾ͷˣǸǻǻ㲻һоͿϪ컯ˣõĻĿһ׸ʱ̫ϳϻͻıˣ⺢ӵǿడ
֮սѾҶҷ֮У  ִССĶѾǿˣҶΪ׵Ķ̣̿󣡣
Ѧеʱǻͦ͵ģ
ÿһ˶ڵʶģ
Щ֮⣬ʣµЩ϶һһң
ɼƺЩҲûκεȤ򣡣  Ҷǳٷ˵͵ģһ  ϾЩ˵ʵ࣬˭һǲȷһǵװǿǱһЩһſҪǿ̫̫ˣ
Ѧƹû뵽ңе˾ȻҲߴˣ
е¥ϣһӶ£ҲǽѦ¸뵽¥ϣ
û뵽Ѧ²ȥúõľӪԼҵĶ̣Ȼĵˣ  ҶƹҲûа취鰡ûʲôãͰøġѦ¶һ˿ЦݣԼҶʲô˼ӮĻԼʯ
ѦеҶƹѦҲ¶һ˿Ц֪һѦֵ֧Ǽ峤֧أ
׺ˣÿ˸һǧƷʯѦ΢΢һЦ
ֻһ仰ûøոն豭еλҶƹѱӸˤˣ




678ºϻҶ
 

ڣ
ԭһЩעҶ棬һңеλѦƹȻˣҲһ
׺˭ôû
ǰֺʲôطһʱỹЩ벻ˣѹҲû
ѦǲǸɵӰȻ˵˶һһ٣Ҳõõһа
Ҫǵ˵һֱӴ¥ȥˣ
ǰҪҶ峤ᲢۣǻûʸɣңǷˣ
ЩšǰͶעЩˣѦ¾Ȼ۵ͶƱҲ۷׷ף
ǿûκɵĶĲˣ
Ҷƹ˿ѦµѦƹ㡭ȷҪͶˣ
ٺ٣ҿɸߴҰյСϢʵгΪĿ԰
Ѧһͽ̬Ŀˣƺʯһ㣡
ѦǿЦذСϢϢɿôһ˿Ѧҿ㵹еˡ
ѦɲǵаҶƹվ
ѦҶƹüŪ۵˵Ҷƹ֮׵ģôأ
ⲻ˵ãһ˵ܶѦҶ֮һֲ岻Ĺϵ  ԭһЩΪѦƺĻʲôСϢǻȥ׺鵽ʲôˣ
ɵǿڼüŪ۵ʱƺһھ϶һƭ֣
ҪƭעЩûпԵˣֱٰ
ע֮˼ǼټƷʯʯעǿɲɵ
ѦСϢ
ѦԱߣڤеݳѦ΢΢һЦʵ
ǣ
Ѧʵʶݳģ֮ǰڽ԰ʱȻ˵ġ
ȴϵĬĺܣȻݳװʶԼôֺαزأ
Ѧ֪ݳ֮ǰҲǳڣӦ֪׵ʵʵģ  ±ڤݳݳ΢΢ֵ
ԭݳǰʵҲСϢô˵ɣ׺˵ĳ֮ˣʵܲҾϣӮĲĵľǸ飡
Ѧ˵赭дһǧʯ˵ǲʲôġ
ݳѦһֵ峤˵ˣҪѹһѹϣһ˵ϣԭһ׼ѹٷҶǳ峤ģڿҵû˰һҪǳɹ˵Ļǿ׬ذ
˵ļǰһûɶ˼һһٲм鰡ѦҲǹһЦһɶĳϢ
һԵҲһ˼ϸ֮ˣЦŵǰȻˣһĲ𣿡
ҶҵƹһԹЦû뵽ƹȻҲţ֮ǰЩ׾ˣ
ҲλһһǧƷʯݳ΢΢һЦ
ҶҼȻ̣ȻҲҽǵĶע
Ҷƹƺһ㣬ڤǮȻ֪
û뵽ݳȻôɵȱѲΪһôĺöõ
˵ģ峤ҶǳʵϾ龳ĺҲһ֮ң  ʮ֮ǰҪﵽ徳ǲܵ飡
Ҫôǵ峤ȥ
ڤҵλƺԼû̫ģһ峤Ļִһ֣  ʵҶڸжǵ峤ΪǾҶǳʵǵһˣ  ѦݳһЦȻ뿪Ҷң  ѦҶͶҪΪҶʯ࣬Ƕ壡
ôõĻ᲻ȥһ£ֱ̫ϧˣ  ݳ͸ӵĲ̸ˣҶΪܹȲʤȯֱڤжһƷʯѹҶǳӮ
Ȼ֪ⲻ֮֮ˣ  ҽţ
һε̨Ϲغؾһٶʮ˷ʮ
Ҳ˵ƽÿ˶ķ֮һĻܹΪ˶
һֱȻǲ²𣡣  ʮǿҲŵһֵĽʳ¯ˡ
ܶصעĲǱˣһССȻˣ
СٽһǿɾõʮǿϯλˣЩѾǶʮ߰˵Щ˵ֱһǶⰡ  Ҷǳ׵ʱҲûôע⣬ϾʱȥҲǸıһЩò
׵Ŀ֮⣬˵ʵǲʶʱǸּ򣡣  һ֮ʮǿϯλһεʳ¯
ʮǿһεʳ¯һ׺龹Ȼռһϯ֮أ
һֱյİǿ֮ս׺鶼ûʲô̫޵Ķ֣  ڰǿս֮У׺龹Ȼһ飬Ҳֱ䣬ܲĸĵװɣⲻðѱ˸ˣ




679ŵٷ
 

ҽȵһɽ֮ϣ
׾վǱߣλǿѡѾˣףûֳǵĶУ  ǰλǿѡֻйоصģҶǳλе꣡  һλǿϯλڽУ˫ѷѽ⣡
ٷVSǺӣ  Ǻҽȵˣٷǹҽȵˣһǳ˼һ㣡
̫幬Ȼһ£ɺܶ˶ָϤ  ׾Ҳûˣ˵ˣҲܰ׺;̫幬λϵһ  Ϊʲô  Ϊǿôܻһ˳Ϊأǲܵ鰡
ҵЩ͸׾˿Ǹ׵ˡ
֮ǰû̫ĹעһѾΪ˽㣡  ˣѾȥˣƾðһ㣬ûκεĹ켣ѭǸҲˣû˼
ҲǵĻ㱨ţվԱߵİϪǿѾǿף  һＸǰԼһԼ֮壡  Ϫ֪ӦǸлֻʲôڸоԼһ֮ˣ  ֮壬ޱȵʹ࣡
Լүү̬ȣʵѾȫжϵĳӦǰ˾Ųʮˡ
׾˿̨룬Щ˼ص˵ٷնڣǵļƻҪı˰
ˣ漣Ѿ˲ܹΪھĻϪС˿ԶİϪ
׾̾һϣ˰ɣλԸҽȵĻϪΣֻĿԽˣ
ϣǵǶԵİɣ¶˵֮ɫ
̨֮ϣ  ٷͰǺӴѷѽ⣬ʵ൱ȴֱҪӮ
ǺӣȰ㻹ǹԹˣҽȵŲĻɫɣ
ٷ翴ŶѾЩİǺӣ¶һ˿ȻЦݣ
ʵϣٷʵҪ߳ǺһЩڹⲻΪϷˣһǺӣ
ֻҪлᣬǹҽȵǾԲŹǵĺûģ  ٷ磬ΪܹӮ𣿺ߡ
ǺһѾʧ̨֮ϣ  ಣ
һɫӭŷһҫ۵Ĺâ  룡  ǺŭһѾʼʹǿˣ  룬ҽǿѧ֮һǺĵӸӴ
롭ٷ¶һ˿мЦݣ  ˫ڿлһԲѾǳһʵʵǽ
顭
һײܿٷѾǽס
ߣҾҽνǿѧ㣬Ǻӣסɣ
ٷΧ˲䱻һգ  ԭеγɵԲѾŵڵһǰǺӣ  ܡ
Ǻӵɴ۾ǰһУѾʧȥԼָȨԼķ򼲳۶  ǺӸղһǺľȫ˿ﻹֵأ  䣡
һǿ̨֮ϣ׾ųеٷٷ磬
Ϊһ֮С¶ҪԳǲЩС˰ٷĿŰǺӵ
ּǺ˾Ѿѿˣû뵽СӾȻԲѷ
׾һʵʤһ֮սĿǵ㵽Ϊֹ
ҽȹȻǵһױһװ˵ҪɱһС֮ĶȾ֮ٷ粻м˵
׾ĺӶղ鼱֮£֣  ԼһԳ֣ôҲ˵ȥģ
һ֮ٷ˸ʵ̫ŷˣ
һʵǿ֮ͬкְ׾΢΢һ̾ҶǳȻʵǳĲףʵ֪ٷ粢δʹȫһӦѾǵ龳ˣ
ҽӦĳֵҩʵʵһǹҪǶ˵İ
һʧ߰׾ҲǺˣǰʯͷԼĽŰ
üͷ壬Ȼչ˿ˣһ⽱ǿԽһЩģǸ׵ˣҲӦÿϪСķ˰ɣ
׾˼һҲֻôˣҪˣ龳ڣܹɱǿѾ൱ˡ




680¿˥
 

̨룡  ٷɱķҽȵӵ潫Ϊҫ۵ŰǺӸƷڵأǿƽ
ҽ׾ʱֵĻǺӲҲñٷСӸϵˡ
ٷ˼թʵϾҪǺӸ
׾ȻȻպޣҪȻҽһϣͻˣ  һҽҲ䳰ȷǳһ  һٷΪľҽȳ磬ֻû뵽ǣڽ԰ֹԼǸһﾹȻҲμ֮ս
ҾȻҲǿһĲˬ
ôһͷ˵СӣҲܽǿ
ٷڵϣʱܹСӣ Ǻа׾һȣһﵽʱҪǲкˣ  ڶһ磬ǩʽ̨У
ٷһеҶҵҶǳڤҵչɱ  鵽׵һ̣Լˣ  ˲֪һﵽжôǿԼѲɲ֪
˼һӣʱԼͱɽˣڵһƣ
˵Ҷǳٷ綼ϣȳ鵽׵Ļôϣ鵽׵ˡ
ߣͦãȻ鵽ôһٷ粻м˵
һԵҶǳٺЦһСӵһǲͲ֪˾һﻹôô
ҶǳҪȻλøΣٷ΢΢һЦ
ٷ磬ҷôôأҶǳû˵б¾ӮңھıҿǷĪˣ
ҶǳȻԼ԰ʱ
̨֮ϣǵһҪȻٷҶǳûйˣ
ǣ츳ʱͿ˭ܹСһ£֮սչھˣٷŵһЦ
ҶǳһȻ츳ɻ治ҵĶ֣ڿ˭ʱ϶ǹھˣ
ҶǳԱߣҶҵҶƹһԳ峤ڤкңе˶ѹǸһǧƷʯ
ѹҶǳüͷһ壬һԵٷһЦⱱڤкңлǮһǧƷʯǵĸǰʯ˰
ߣڤе˿Լûκε˰ҶǳЦ
µҲЩΣʶǸ׵ļһٷЩɵʵ
ҿɲʶһֺͷĳλһҶǳ
˭ٷ翴Ҷǳɻʵ
Ҳ̫λʮ󳬼ڵĳͷ˸ˣ㲻᲻֪ɣҶǳٷ΢΢һЦ
ҵȻ֪Ǳһ̫幬ŸǰɣٷĪ׵ָ̫幬ʲôϵ
Ǿ̫幬ͽף϶ˣһôأҶǳЦһ
ٷٺһЦͷͬͬյʵ̫̫ˣЩʱһ嶼߰˸ͬͬյģˣǻȿⳡɡ
ٷ˰ĿѾǷ̨֮ϣ  һߣҽȵһɽ֮ϣ߰˸ˣ  Ϊ׵λȻǰ׾ڰ׾ԱߵǰϪ
ԭϪ֮ս˿ûκεȤû뵽֮ǰڽ԰ԼҸԼ֮ǸһﾹȻǿ  ϪҲͨͨ  һ֮ǰԼүү˵ĻһĶ˹ھĻԼʱҪ޸һ  ʵϪףϾ˼ҾԼԼƾʲôȥ˼أ  ҴĿǰƷ涼ǷǳĲģܹǿ˵츳ӦҲǲġ
ֻ֪Լ֮壬ȢԼ  һʱ䣬ϪȻЩȻʼΪԼδҪ֪֮ǰǸܵ顣
ٷʮа˾һεĹھ˰
ˣҪùҽȵ˶ͷҽȵδ氡
ٷڵŰǺӣǵôŵҽȣֱﲻ⣬ˣǲǰһ¡
û뵽Ѿǽɲž˵ĵز
׾ԱߣһڸǱ߰̾ƺ·ǳĲ  ׾Ҳһİ̾˵ҽͷţܹܣ  Ҫ˵ȴ̨֮Ѿһ
ʤ
һ϶˵Ķ˶ڵ
ĺųһʵǳȻֶûжһ¾ˣ




681족
 

ʲôһڸʲôôأ
ǰųһȻͶǿ˰
а˰һﵽ˭ôӰ
ģҲǷˣһѹһʯذ
µĹƺˣȻ֮˴۾
ʵһ϶֪ģһĸ֣ҲŵϺŵġ
ʵϣΪʮ͵ƣڵһЩҲƲӵʱ  ҪؾʮĻҲûʲôˣ
ٷ硢ҶǳһѾˣҲǴɱķʱ  ֻ˿ȻδսѰܣҲǿˣ  һ˭ûע׹Ƴ˱ڤкң֮⣬ûκ  ķ֮һͰȺܲۺ죿
˸ݡٷҲ̲סı˴ֿڣ
һԵҶǳüʲôãҿǺǰɣ
Ƕˣʲôһҿһ˶࡭Ҷǳ䳰ȷ˵
٣ҲãӸǸ׵СӻйڣʱҪʲôζ
ٷȻƺЩͨˣ֮ǰڽ԰ӺԱߵЩˡ
շŹǸŮ˺׵ļһ  ٷѾɽⲼ˴ĸ֣׼һȥʱȫΧˣ
û뵽֮սȻлһɵٷܹأ
ߣǵİӦþǹھ֮˰ɣҶǳҲǺ˵  ϣ㲻Ҫʧٷ絭˵ѾǶ˳еף
׾Ŀų룡
ɽ壬һƬ֮Ҳû뵽ȻԼ  ˣԭҵΪҶǳֹܹһٷһڡ
һŰ׾΢΢һ̾ȻǶ׸ûбκεϣ
һԵİ׾΢΢һЦҵǾ˲⽫Ϊ
ʲôˣ˼Ҫһ޸ϪС㣿λ𾪵ĿŰ׾  һҲ̫һЩɣȻ˵Ϫ˴Ҳ˵Ůɣ  ǰƺõ죬ķ֮һͰߵģ
ڵ˾Ȼֱ˿ˣѾܹúˣֱˣ  үү
ϪŰ׾Ȼɫһ죬˵ʵЩ֮ҪѡһĻľײ
Ȼ֪һﵽʲôˣһȹԼ
ѵܹ˵һԵ
һԵŰϪȻûоܾһСŮĽߣҲסˣ
Ҫ֪ϪǰɲӵİѲҲǶһ˼ˣ
Ļǻһ°
ЦŵˣλˣҵǾ˵ǳĲϪСҲǵ˴޵ͣһλӦҲϪСʮ֮ǰδ޵ĻǵʱҪ޸ҽȵٷ硭
ԲУҽȺ͹ҽƲϪСҪǼ޹ȥĻҪϪС㣬Ǵҽȵ𣿡
һλվ˵  λԱߣһλǰϪСԲܹ޸ٷ磡ҽȶˡ
׾ԭһε֮սǴһλھϪţɺҷˣЩһǱģҪ׸ҽȿ϶ǲܡ
ˣΪҪ׸һλʵ
ʵϣ˼֮⣬û֪Ϫ飡  ҲΪʲô׾ҽô֪Ϫ֮ģȻˣҲǰ׾ԼĻɶѣ
ԺǾͻ֪ˣ׾
һǺðԺҽɽĻҲ׬ˡ
Ǿ׵õ죡  ׾΢΢һЦ棬УҲһֻԵ𣿡
̨֮ϣ
ٷҶǳѾɱ  ˵⽣Ӱѷѽ⣬˵ʵҶǳʵٷ绹൱  ֻٷ翴ȥһٷҲʤҶǳ  ûκε⣬ٷǿƵͦ˾  յľƺΪҽһ⣬ٷѾһȶһ㣡
һһı  ׵Ҳһһ٣½һң
Ͼ˾Щ̿Ѿʼˣɱĺܶ࿪̿ڵҲ˽⣡  ΪҲǲϵڵʣǻǿٷ磡




682һļ
 

һҹ޻
ڶһ磬ҽȵΧѾΧ˸ʽˣ  Ȼܶ˶ױذܣûг֮ǰ˭ҪǸʲôӣ  磬ǿ֮ĽҲȵģ
ʤǿȻǳȴҲǺ  սʼһʱ䣡
˿̵׺ٷѾվ˳У׾ͰϪҲ˽  ׺ٷ缸ͬʱüٷ翴ŰϪ׾վһ飬Ҳһ
Ů˲֮ǰڽ԰ԼҪռŮ  ׿ŰϪҲЩ֣׾ҽȵһ֪ˣ  Ϫôط  ֻ֪ϪҲҽȵˣ׾ͰϪհףҲŽ
ףĸŵģ׾΢΢һЦ
ףԾ̫幬֪кָ̰׿Ű׾̬Ҳǲ
һ˵Ļҽȵ˿Ĥˣ
׾һµװŮϪ
ʶ׵ͷ
ʶ׾Щ𾪵ʵ㡭ôʶأ
Ϫۿٷ磬Ȼֿ˿׵үү֮ǰ͵͵ȥҶҷС
ٷһãȻ·֪һ㣬ֻܹôװˣ  ֤ݣ  ҪľǰϪֻһ֮ǣ  ߣٷ磬㾹Ȼô۸ҵŮ׾Ҳ֪ʵٷ繹в  ˣĻݺɣ
ʱҽȾһҲ˵ˡ
һվ̨ʵΪһ飬ǾŮĻ£  鵽ʱ˵ˣ֮ǰǾȸͨͨ  Сӵڸܾ£ҽȵҲûеط飡
ҲЩƣϪԭΪһССҽȵӶѡ
û뵽ȻҽŮ  ˵㲻ǼŮһ֮ʣҪҶְɣٷЦһ
Ҳ֪׾ǲҶԼֵģôţ  ׾һٴٷ磬ת׵װиҪһ£
޷΢΢һЦҲ׾ʲôԼأ
һԵİϪϺ˵ģϾǹϵ£
ŮأҲ˼˵ʱҹЩſͶȽϵ⣡׾΢΢һЦ
ʲô˼ˣû뵽Լջأû뵽׾ȻҪԼŮ޸Լ
һʱҲЩԺˣ⵽ôһ°  ׾ףҲ˵ҾԸԸȢҵŮ
һûи⵽ô°²ôɾҵͷϰɣ׿Ű׾Щ˵
׾΢΢һЦֻҪش߲룡
룡
һһļϰԭ֮лôġ
ûи֮壬ǿ൱˵İ
ҲΪԼʦһ˰ɣ
ˬ죡׾¶һ˿Цݣ
˿νһļϣһҪŮһ˻Ƕ˼  ֻ˶Ǹ̥ģķչǲ֪
ڶԣ׿϶Ļش˿ɶģ  ׾˲ŮϪ̫幬ʽףѸ£
׾˰س
һԵٷ˶ɵˣԼүүҪ޸ԼŮ˰
û뵽ô˵棬Ȼ׾һ  ֲøղֹģܿԼΪ鰡
ϪĿ˿ף΢΢̾һ
ʵҲ֪ǰ˲Ǻ£Լүү뷨ԶҪö࣡
׾ûϸ˵ô࣬ʵǸ˸ף  ಣ  ׾ŰϪ뿪̨֮ϣ˿̨·ѾһƬ֮
ҽŵĺܶ˶𾪲 Сӵʲô
Ҳ߯˰
ܶѾЩĽʺˣҽŮһ˰
Сӽʮǿ֮ûжְɣʮǿ֮ǰ˵ҲΪ˳˵⣬ǿġ
ǰһһ·ײײģû뵽Ȼ˾Ǵ˰
ɲզΣҪСӵĻûȥոˣ˱˰
֪Ҳμʲô֮սˣֻҪãС㿴ˣǿһò
ǰѾըˣ˿̨ϵٷ磬񼸺ɱˡ




683ٷ磬ˣ
 

ҽţ䳡̨룡
ٷ絶һӹ׵ȫ˿̺޵
ԼȥϷʲôŮһϷȻ͵Ϸ˰Ϫȥˡ
ϪСʱһΣڳʲô֪  ôɵأȥŪһŮˣ˰׾Ůˣ  оԼһˣ  ٷ翴ǰףǱһӵĻڼǰٷѾϪԼδˣ  ɱ֮𡢶֮ޣ
ٷȻûɱ֮𣬿֮һ㶼ɱ֮ᰡ  СӣҵŮˣ
ٷɭͳĿ൱Ĵƺ׸ŪԲưոݣ
׿ٷҵŮˣҲŮˣҲ˼
㡭СӻְΪҵҽɽ͵ˣҸ㣬ⱲӲҽȵĴţ򡭡
ٷ޵ģڱûʽʼܹ֣  ҪʧȥһξõĻᣡ
ʲô˵㲻ţˣҪ˼ô׿ٷЦһ
ٷӵɵϴ׵Ǻǣ֪ĻΪأ㲻ָǲ֪Żûе֣Ҫعѣ
Ǻǣƾ㣿񣡣׸ֶһֵķ緶  һ𣬾̫幬Ҫʷ̨  ȻˣȷѪ꣬һģλҽȵˣ
˭Ҳû뵽Ƕ˭˭ӮʱһǼҪĿһĻˣ  ҽȵɽ֮ϣ  үүٷ϶ʹɱֵġϪ
Ǻǣˣ׾΢΢һЦŮܲ˽
û뵽ԼҵŮȻôԵְɣ
Ȼ֮һֱԺ֮УɿԼŮӣлǺܿĵġ
һĺӣܹҵԼҸ¾һ꣬Ҳˣ  үүĸİѡĻԸˣⲻûа취İ취ô˵ҲΪҽȵ!
ϪĲ˵ʲôȻЩ˼Ҫ˵ϲҲûӰӵ飡  ˣүүٷҪնɱδŮҲͨһزа׾΢΢һЦĿѾǶ׵ϡ
ղôһ˿˿ĽӴһĸоƺܼ򵥣ֺЩӣ
ָо˵˵һ￴ԼλҽȵӦǺ²Ŷԣ  ׵˿ûпκεĻŻߺ£ԼԻţһ㶼ң  ·һ˫ӮĽһ㣬һļϰ  ҽ֮սսڿʼ
һٷ׵ľսѾʼˡ
˶ǹעһȻܶѾ˶ľ֣ɻ൱һѹٷģ
Ϊٷʵܶ˻ģ˾֧൱Ķడ
̨֮ϣ  ٷĿ׺ٺһЦʱ仹Ѱڿĥˡ
Ҳ˵;վߣʱ·ֹһ㣡
ϣѾǶһ
ʽ
ٷһóԼҵı죬Ҫѹһİһз˵Ҫĥһ  
ռ֮УһӶ˼ٷӰӣǷֱͬķ׹  ĽӰǵأ  һĹâ˲佫׸סˣ  Ӱ֮УһɫĹâƿնٷһӰֱӱȥ  ݣ
бŷһ·
飡
ԭĽӰѾʧȡ֮ٷһһһεվ̨֮ϣ𾪺Ͳţ  ͡
Ѫע
ţԭվ̨֮ϵٷѾķѣ  糬֮һĹҽٷ磬һȻ  ˣ  һնɱ˿ûκεذ
ȫһƬžţ  ˶𾪵ĿǰһĻ˭Ҳģ  ٷ磬һ·ǿɱļһһо͸ж˿ˣôأ  ʵܹ鷢˰  һ˲䣬ҽһƬȻ
˭Ҳû뵽ղŻһٷ磬һѾǵ׵Ľ¡
ףƺڸһƽ飬ǸйǲԼеķɽ




684
 

ٷˣ  ôͻȻô˴ֲ  ҽɽ֮ϣһ˵ȫһ±Ƶģʵʵ̫ͻȻ  ֮ս  ˭Ҳû뵽һĻĳԼ˶֪׾Ȼôɣ  Ҫ֪ǿǹҽȵҽʲôţ  ǿǿλʮ󳬼ŵŰ
ҽȵȻҲΪſνʵ൱  ⡭⡭ˣ⡭һĵҲ̫˰
ˣ·ͬСɣٷڹҽȵݣǿǱȰǺҽȵݻҪܶడ
һҽȻϤµĻһʱʱ䣬һսⰡ
ˣǻӦ԰ɣ⡭׾Ȼ˵죬ʵǡ
һ԰׾ϵļλ϶һƬı飬ʵɲǲذ
ٷǼֱҽȺ͹ҽսһ  ȻЩҽȺ͹ҽ֮Ħìܲϣ˫֮仹ǱȽϵĿƵġ
ٷһˣǽҽȾԲưոˣ
ٷǹҽХӣǸǹҽȵĴ
һٷΪʲôôţǻ֪ҽȸٷʲô
Ƿڲ֮䰡
׾ҲһĿɿڴĿףԴԣһﾹȻʵһնɱٷ磿  ˣ  ׾ڵʱ䶼ûУ˰Ϫһ˿Цݿף˼쳣
ڴ׼ӭս
׾֪һ¿Ǻ͹ҽ֮սˣ  ʵֻʧ֣ǵˣ  Ͼ֮սҲɱʱҽȻҽʦ  ɾԲܻʲô̫ĶΪԼҲ˭Ҳʲôأ  ֻղżٷлĻҲӹһģ
ڻͻ˸ղŰ׾׺ͰϪĶףһǰ𣿣  ˲䣡  ҽȵһţ׾Ҳ̾һѾˣ׵ҲҽȰɡ
ǣˣüͷôҲû뵽ᷢչز
׺Ű׾˽ҽ֮УԭؾڿЩѶˣ  ٷ类ɱ˶֪ζʲô
Ѧµ뿪ҽȣǼһҲ׵ʵ
ȻˣǸ֪һӮģ  ֻû뵽ǣ׵ĳҲʵ̫̫ˣֱһٷն£
һʱ䣬ҽȵϿ֣  ˿ɶɵӣҽȺ͹ҽ֮˵һ£  ƴ˸ܾ˵ĻʱȻ˳ʰо֣  ҽȺ͹ҽǾ޴ĵⰡ
ҽȵ֮ڣڴѾ
´֮ϣ  ׾ɫĿ£ף㡭㾹Ȼ˴󵨣֪նɱٷĺ֮ս͹涨ˣֻܵ㵽Ϊֹ
׿Ű׾΢΢һЦҲҪɱҪɱңʲô취˵ˣѾɱˣڹҿЩ˰ɣ
СӣΪ˵ŮΪǲҰСôŲűھն㣡
һû뵽һնɱٷ磬ھȻ˼ڸģ
΢΢һЦδ˵
һԵ鿴ǸһЦбʦһԣǾ̫幬ҽȲɣ
ǣһСP󰡣һῴҽȵ˹ǵǱװӣǸҲǼˡ
ҽȺ͹ҽȿսǿ϶Ѫɺӵİ  ʱСӿǵȳʱ򻹲ŵ̱ڵأ
׿΢΢һЦǺǣҽȲеҲ߲ߣһҪ󡭡
ߣʲôҪ˵Ǹеվ˳
ָָϪ΢΢һЦϱܵһ߰ɣ⵱棬ǿǰµ£ⲻΪɣ
׾סˣϪסˣ˶ڵһǺɫҪĵز˰  ˶ܹ֮Ϊɫжˣ
˵ǲǸɵӰⶼͷˣȻ˵ŮôҽȵλЦ
׵Ҳ˿׾ٺһЦ⵱ô˵ɶ˵ȥˣҲ˰ɣ
ףһǿۡߡ׾ᣬһﲻɱٷ磬ڸǵôߵҪԼŮ  ǲܵ飡  ˿̣ҽȵ棬ѾǰĿ£ִս֮ǰļž˸ּȵĲ




685ɱŵĹҽ
 

ҽţ
˿̾ۼ̫š壬ǶȴſһϷ
׾ո׸Ϫ׵飬û뵽׾Ȼ˵Ļˣ
ⲻʲô
ҽȻնɱҽȾٰ֮սֱǿҪſսĽడ  ʵϣҽѾһţͻ¼ҽȵҲѾǲ֪룡  ׾һİû֮ͷ  Լȵһ֮ĻܹҽȺ͹ҽ֮䱬ģĳͻˡ
Ȼˣ
û뵽׵ʵȻܹնɱٷ磬ôҲû뵽飡
ҽȵˡ
ȥҽХӼֱҪ˰
˭˵أһҽȿҲ֪Ӧôˡ
ô죿£ٷˣϵôܷŹҽأ
ǰҪ֪ٷǹҽΨһĶӣǹҽһϣ
Χ۵ʵ֪һιҽȺҽȵĴսѾǱⲻˣ
Ѧ˲δȥҲɫЩѿվҽŵһɽ֮ϡ
峤һοҪ˰ѦʿˮôҲû뵽龹Ȼչһ  ȷѾ˲ʰĵزˣҲ֪ôģ
һԵݳҽȺ͹ҽȵĴսһ峤ҪȻǻƲɣһҽȵſ¾ǻսĳ
ô˶𣿡ݳ˳ʵ
ݳЩЦ˵峤ǹҽХԱλ˭
ʶ΢΢ҡͷ
һԵѦҲҡҡͷͷȥϡƽ
ѦǻῪЦϡƽǿɹҽ̫ϳ֮һҹҹ
ݳҿҹһأѾ徳۷ǿˡ
ôȥˣ˼ѾǳΪ˹ҽȵ̫ϳϣϵĻѾǴﵽ龳ĳˣ  ҲֻݳĲ²⣬˵ҽǿߣ龳ڵһλǿߣɾĻǲ֪  һХôĸǰҽȣĿѾǲԶˣ
̫ϳϣѦҲһĭȻҲû뵽һﾹȻôţ棡  Ҳüôֱӳ̫ϳϣҽҲѾ˷ˣ
峤ٷȻƷôȴ粻ĳţҽδϣҽȶ˼ҵϣ˼һƴ
һ·Ҳ΢΢̾һȻôǳԵĵ˭
׾ҹ
һŭХѾվ˵ǰΪҽҲױȵģ  ٷ
ӵϢХ統ʱյϢʱ׺䶥һ㣡
ŭ֮£ʹȨǿдŽʮλǿߣΪľѪϴҽȣ
ĪŭҲǷǳİˣֻһᡭ
׾ҽȵڲ˳Ҳǲҳȥ
ⱻ˴ˣҪǲȥĻʵЩ񻰣һҲ֪ڵХʢŭ֮£ʲô鶼ó
ԼǰŸճȥѾǱҽȵ˸ж˿ˣ
׾Хߵҹƣԥûгȥ
׾˵ͷڹ꣡Ȼݺӣ챾Ҫҽ̤ƽο֮飡
Х˵һһ䣬г֮ŭ  һ̣ƺΪ֮ɫ䣡
Х磬Ѿ˵ˣǸѣ׾Ϊҽǹҽȣҽȵȷʧ֮𣬿ɡ
׾Ҳϻ̰նɱȽХһ
ҪһһǾҪնɱף  Х֪һﵽʲôͷ˵һƾðģ
ҽڣһƬž
̫ϳϼݵ
Ȼ䴫һͳܿһϵӰѾǳ˵Χ
״ˡ
׾˿ˣҲԵһ
̫ϳǱչصĻô³ҽȸ٣ĻﳤôҲܳģ  λ̫ϳΪ׵壬ҽȵҲǰ׾ĸף  ׵һֱ£ҽڣһʵѲ˸ϵˣ
⵽ô£ոճأͿҹǸϼһﾹȻˡ׵
״ˣġ׾æĽ˵һ飡
˿棬ХѾǳҽȵĻڴ񹥶ȥĵ⽣ӰЩΧ߶ѾǲȻĳԶˣ




686°
 

ҽڣ
׵Ʋһףȥɡ
״ˣİ׽ȥĻҽȵδ氡׾һԳ
Ϫ˿׵̫үүҪ׽ȥĻҲһȥ
ߣֱ֣׵Ȼ㶨֮ˣȴδʽףҽҽȴսǶȻܾ˵ľ棡
׾΢΢һ̾״ˣǡģ
ϪԼүү̫үүһһͣһ˵׻˵޼漦޹湷ҰϪС󲢲˴ڻҲһɼȻѾף׵ˣ׵Ĺ
úúá׵ЦһȻ룬Ǿ͸һȥɣ
׵ԭɱ˰Ϫ֮ģ
ȻǰϪ̫үүôأ
Ϫ֮壬֪Ȼ࣬ɰ׵ȴ֪ģ  ԭڼλ̫ϳʱͬնɱϪڿŰϪӲҪȥҲԼˣ
Ͼ⣬׵廹²ȥ֣  Լ²ȥ֣ǹҽȵ˿ɲô룬ǿ϶Źһûģ  
һЦλ龳ĸ֣һֱסҡͷ
ͷЦʲô׵
̫ϳϣ˲֮ҿھͽ͸ҽȴãҽȰһ
ղ׶λڿ̫ϳϷˣҲһ
˵ʵҽ˭Ҳҽıģĳͻ̵ְ  ԭΪҽһţڿҲһﵨС󱲶ѣЦһ
㡭
׵ƶȻһǿѹѾǳ׵ĸǰȥ´Ϊ֮һ
׸壬׵ѹҪԼ񣡣    ˵У׾һɰݣ  С㣬Ȼҽȵ˲㣬ǲһȥһҽ֮ˣô׿ŰϪ΢΢һЦʵ
£ҵȻ£ϪЦЦкãȴҲһֲ𣿡
һ֣飬ߡ״ŰϪ黺뿪ҽȣ  ˶𾪵ĿףԭΪΪҽȵ˲Ƴȥ˵Ű裡
û뵽һﾹȻĴŰϪȥˣһʱ׵嶼סˣ  ״ˣϪΨһŮ׾ŰϪǾ뿪ӣҲһĨʹ
ѪŨˮ
ȻĮɲûԵģ  ׵۹Ҳǽ׺ͰϪıӰʱҲҲ˵ʵǳ飬һͦСӵġ
ҽ֮ˣͷϣʱǳȥ׾̾һ
Լ֮ǰŬƺһѾǻɿգ
û뵽ؾδ룬ҽѾҪ͹ҽȿսˡ
ʱ˿˭Ҳؾʱˣ鶼أ
׵忴Ű׾ڿϪҲǶҽ˾޴Ĺˣ
׵뷨ܼ򵥣ϪҪɱ֮ˣ
һһܹٷɱ˵Ļҽ׬ˣ  ٷҽȵĳţ磬Ҳǲ֮һ
һΪ׵ͻȻֵĻٷͳΪ֮սĵһˣ  ҽȵ˷ĻԺҽȾһв
׵һΰѰϪͳȥһĿľߣ
ϪܹƽϢҽȵŭ
ǲҪһй;һıʾûеĻʱ綼ῴġ
ҽţ
׺ŰϪ߳ҽȣܶ˶ȻĿ⼸˵ĳ֣  ҽȵô°ȻֱӰ˸ˣⲻʲôأ
ԭڴɹսΪ׺ͰϪ˵ĳ֣ƺˣ  ҽ̫˰ȻδŮƳˣ
ǰֹδŮŮȻҲˣҪһһ
ԭΪˣڿùʱҲˣ
Լֵܹ˭ʵڣɹҽȵʲôݣ
׵˳ʱΧΧ۷׷ףôû뵽ҽȾȻ߳һ壡  ҽߣ
Ȼĳˣ׾ȻĺԼŮƳˡ
Х翴׺ͰϪ˳ʱԭķŭ֮ʧȡ֮һȻ




687ϻҪ
 

ҽţ
ХһãȻĿ֮ˣȷûڳˣ
ˣҽǲⰡһλҽȵĸ
ǰˣҪʲô׾ҪԼŮɣҲ̫ˣһλҲ΢΢ҡͷ
Х翴˿һԵ̫ϳҹƵ̫ϳϣ¡
ҹƿХҽȵ˻˹Ŀ࿴ҽȿսȷǲʱˣ
ǰȻٷҲǱڸҽɱп죬ʱ򡭡
Хγ֪أڳƴļƣΪʲôΪĻͷһԼŭ  鱾͹ԼʱԼһЩ˰бԼӵĻҲͲܳˣ
̫ţЩԸˣ
ҽȵ˾ԲҶԼôοһȥΪ̽һ̽ؾţ
ԼôĹҽȵĸǰٷĻɵʱҽȵҲǽȥİ
û뵽ΪԼһ˿Ѿǳ׵ʧȥԼӣ  ҹƿХ⼸һҪɱҪߵɱǣҹҽ޴棡
̫ϳХ糯ҹ΢΢֣˿ѾǺâ˸  һߣ
״ͰϪվҽȵŵĳ֮˵Ŀ⼸˵ϣ  ɱҵХಽĳ׵ķȥ  ׿Х΢΢һЦӵðɱΣ
úúãõĺܣϣһỹĹХǰɣԺźɣҲ֪֪
ХĻв֮⣬̬ʵܶ˶ѾǲµóˣⲻΪԺܹٷ籨
ʱҪ˵ĻʱҲҷˣ
֪𣿡׿Х磬һ˿Ϸʵʵ
һԵİϪҲˣһʱȻҽȵߴȤ
̬ǺóʲôӲܹ鰡Сǲûûΰ  Ȼ㲻һ˹ֹµ𣿡Хɭĵһ㣬ŶоЩëȻ  ô֪ҪɱңΪʲôҪأ¶һ˿ζЦݣ    ֱ  СӾȻʱХ翪ЦֱǸӰ  ҽţ
׵Ͱ׾Ŀףһȥ֮ǶΪһһٴеģ
˼һɰȥХȥЦ  Сӻһ֮Ű׵ڵЩСӱɱЩϧˡ
׾΢΢һ̾״ˣСһֱôĵɵǲ֪Ű
׵һҲǸֻҪҽȷģĳͻһ֪ġΪҽһӰ
̫ϳʵ£ҵ
һƨǵصĳŰ׵ĸǰƮȥ  ̫ϳϣХ̲סˣǺǡ
ҽڣûеǰٴУǿĳ  ҽţ
ХҲ̲סˣ΢۾ǰףСӾȻҵϷԼ  ͷ֪Լʲôˣ  ʽ  ХһŭȻͬΪʽХĹʽٷ֮ǰĹʽǿ϶һˣ
Ϊ徳ڵǿߣ˿ռ䶼һֺѹǵĸо  𣬲ϵڿռ֮ε
Ӱ˸
׵˷·⽣ӰΧȴȻվ˰Ϫǰ
˵ʵһ̰ϪǸжˣ
ʲôǾǹؼʱ¸ҵվǰǸˣ֪һҪ  Ҫһ  С󣬰Ϫûб˵ĹĹڵ֮Ҳǵһ˿  ãԼЩˣ  ʦ磬鵹ҲһȻĿף  ЦŵǱ߻һϼһأһͽҰɡ
΢΢һЦҾͱɩ˰
СЦôʲô׿˿Ҳû˵
ʦ磬һҪˣСĵɣվ˰ϪǰֻӿȥЩ
ϪһĶԻоһĲ˼飬һﾹȻ˭֣  ˭ǶһѲʦֵ֮У
ֻʱһѾѹ  ߣϻ㻹浱ǲè
׿ǵصĽѾǶһת˲֮䣬Ѿʧԭأ




688Х磬ˣ
 

ҽţ
ԭҪױնɱһĻȴХʹĹʽȻ׸סˣ
һײѾǳķѵļ  һţ  ׵նʽֱХķѸײڶ֮Ťת˵Ĺ
һˣһ
վڹ糾֮У罣תȺۣ
ҪɱңҲÿû͡׵г˰ζ
Хڵֱϴղһжôǿ  
ҽȵ˼ӶҪˣôҲûƴ׵ĸ򣬾Ȼۻʵ
Ҫ֪Хǹҽȵǿ徳ڵĳǿ߰
˵ģŵû˭˵ԼȵӮأ  㡭㵽˭
˵ղХ绹׵һϣѾǱ׸߻ˣ  ǰˣôҲǸʲôְ
һ֣Ǿʯ쾪ɽӰ  ׵ȻĿһХ磬̫幬һף
㡭Ǹ̫幬ĹХЩ׵ɵˣҲ̫˼˰
ԭô룬ҲΪһﾹȻǾ̫幬λҸ̫ϳа˰  û뵽ǰˣȻλҸӲӲ  ˭ǿڵ̫ϳϣ龳ڵĳ䰡
ұԸҽΪУֻٷɱ죬ǺǣҪǱЩʵѾٷĵˡ
ЦһʵһԹս룬˼ɱٷҲġ
ǿΪ𣡣
ѾٷȻЩ˼ʲôˣǿӲ龳ĳǿ߰  ѾҲȥƱˣϵԼ˰
ߣᣬʵȺֻΪҹҽô۸𣿡ХЦһ
ˣղɱˣҹҽԺô㣿
ҽȵǰ˸ղǱ׸ˣҲǻˣʱǶ֪ٲֵĻ½˵ľˣ
̫ϳϡ
Хɫ൱ѿ׵ĳһӶӣ
ɥ֮ʹδƽϢֶˣĹҽȻ겻  
ҹԭ΢ЦɸղʹնʽһҲüͷ壡  ǿǳǿ  ׵ʽû˿ˮһһʽƼ򵥣ȴ̺
һоХȻҲ֪˵ʵûĴﵽľ磬ҲǺԶˣ  ǣǣ׿ҹЦһ
ɱ֮ˣҹĺһô׵ļһ
ǴԲѰ׿˿ҹƣ΢΢һЦҽȵȥλƽϣ
Լ̲ˣ
Хղűһ£ĳŭҪնɱӣ
֮оһûУһӶѣΪľȺ̵֮ʱնɱˣ  ಣ
ХһһγֵʱѾ׵Ͽգ  ֻХҪ׼ֵʱԼͷ֮ƺһƣ
ʶĻͷ˿ȴ֮һ޵ĽѾǳ׵Ľ֣  ʦ磬ȻҪɱǣҲ
ˣֵٶ֮죬˶ûзӦ  鱾飬ڼս飬һ￴һѾǳ׵ķסХ·
ȻХ绹һΨһķǾ·ף  ֻôܻڻأ  Ȼ̫幬ʽĸһ棬ҽֶſڣХö󣡣
¼й  ҹԭ鶯ֵʱЩΪȻɵǿֲѹʱľ  ֻŶѾǳХ
ҹƸҪ׼֣ƺѾЩˣ
ĽӰ׵ĽХסˣӭͷһʵʵڵĴ֮ϣûκε·ԣ
䣡
Ľײһǿһ徳ڵǿХ磬˿صˤ˵ϣ
ϵ·ѾŪؤһ㣬ͷɢ䣬һ˿֣
ҪǣؿڴѪɫ԰ףڴڵĴŴ  𣡣  Ȼûг׵ѣⵤ𼸺ǶϾĺ·ҼǻָˣʵҲ½һأ  գһ۾Ĺ糬ŹҽХ糹׷ˣ
ˣ  ȫĿɿڴ




689
 

ҽڣ  ԭһȻĿİ׵Ͱ׾ˣɵˣ  
ʵ̫ˣ
ХһҽȵȻ˸ˣ  ȻХƴֵմ˶֪һǲˣ  һУ˼Ҿλĳֱһзϣֱǲ̰  ⡭ôأ׾ɴ۾˿׺飡  һһᣬһҲ㲻ϰ˾Ȼһ徳ڵǿ߸ˣ  ˸ȥ
һԵʼ˴ֿڣǸԭ֮ǰߺǸһʿˮŵһ֨  ղ⿴ǵģҪ׸ȥ  أ˼ҳȥˣҳȥ֮ɱķѹҽȵ˷С
׵ǡǸСȻ龳ǿߣʵһҪǿ
п֣пŵ
׵Ϊ½̫ϳϣȴһλʮǿߣ  ۹ȻȥͬĽ֮УӦ֪ʵˣ
һ￴ȥСû뵽һŷȻ˵ľ޴  龳ǿ߰  𺳣˸оһ˿  һﵽǴʲôطðİ̥Ҳô  ״ˣ⡭⡭׾˰Ҳû˵һĻ˿г˰ûڣ  ֮ǿѾǼʶˣ  ߵλʦܸǳХʲôܲ
ǿǺͬǿַ߰Ӿͱ˼Ҹˣ⻹
׵һʵ̫ǿˣ
״ˣӦô찡׾֪Լˣף  ղԼڼһµĻھͲһˣղʵԼĸ뷨һġ
ϪȻסˣǻʵֵ  ڣһжˣ  ׵ʱ׼ɣҽҽȸǰǿ϶ǲеġҲ߿ҽȵ̬ȡ
仰˵αڰ׵Ѿûа취ˣ
ƾðľ̫幬Ҳ֪һ·ɣȻô  оԱߵǸСڰ׵֪ҽȵλ̫ϳȫκβ˱ˣ  Ǹʲô̫幬ŵ׳ʲôط֪
˼ڰԼ
ҽȵǿͬʱǾʵ  һĻӿɾͽˣ  ҽǼϲòҽȴģǻлأ  ׵ţԼŮǸ׶һûᰡ  һǿϵĻôԺҽȿɾҪѹҽһͷˡ
׾ͷǡ
ܿ죬׵һ˵Ѿ뿪ҽȵڣǼͬʱ׵󣡣
ҽţ
Ϫ˿̸һͷˮĿǰľ󣬸ղʵѾ׼ˡ
ôҲû뵽׺޺ļһȻ˵ĸ֣  ֹǸְֱǾǿߣ  ϪҽŮȻҲǼһЩǿߵģǿ֮Ľûм
죬Ǽʶˣ  Ǹղ˺һֱ˼£  ֻصڵİϪһĵ𺳣  ŮӢۣ  һ˲Ӣأ֮У׺˸ϣ  Ҫܹţ˭Ҫȥأ
Լδķɱķ龰ûһ
ԼǼ񵽱ˣ  Ϫ׾Щ˼ĿԼŮ  һԵ鿴Ű׾˳ǺɩûκεĹϵ˰ɣ
ǰ⡭ô˵ϪҲҵŮôܡ׾Щε˵ 
׳һӰС̤ҽڵһ˲䣬ǾûκεĹϸˣǡ
Ͳ£ҽȺ͹ҽȺȶնɱ׵忴βҲЦһ
ǵҹƿŰ׵ҽȺҽȵȷһ̸߲նɱ˶ˣٷ֮ҽȼ̣
ҹ˻棿׵һת
ʵҹƺͰ׵ôһٷأ  ˹ͬĿ꣬ǰСѾвǵĵλ
ǹҽȣǺ׼˺ˣû޸ùϵĿԣ  նɱҽŪ˹ҽǲ֮  ǹҽĲҪĻ޿޸һϵ  ҹڱҪϣ֪첻ĻԺضǵһ  пܳΪŸһԴ֮ڣһССٷȼֱͲֵһᣡ




690ʮΪ
 

ҽţ
˶û뵽ҽȺҽƲţһ̾Ȼ׼ˡ
ֵ⣬Ȼλŵ̫ϳ϶ģ  ҹҹƵ뷨Ѳ׵ûа׵Լ뷨
ҲİĵȹҽȵĵǸ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ׺͸Ī֮⣬ǻһĵǣǾǰϪ  Ϫ˲֪ʲôʣɰ׵̫ˣ  ֮壡
ҪǽԼŮˣҽȵĺõĻǿ½֮ˣ
֮Ŀ£ҲǹΪ֮尡
׺һۣжҪɱһѪ·ȥˣ
˵ʵղҹһ龳ǿߣʵ׺˵ʲô  ڼϸղ˺ӵ徳ڵХ磡  ¹ҽЩ徳νǿߣѹҲҽӽ׺ˣ
һΪҪ߱˸ǲɾ˵Ļû˵ȥˣ  Х磬ȻΪҽȵڼͬһˣĹ  ܶʱôκͲпᣡ
ʵ˾ͰţһʧȥüֵͻڵХһʽ  ˣҪȥ¾˰
ȻʵָһЩɱϾҲ龳ڵʵҹƺͰ׵κһҪܣ  ҪͬʱĻôʣµô徳ǿߣɾͿʼҪΧ׺ͰϪˣ  ˵ʵ׻ãֻҪߣûܹס
ɰϪأ׿ɲ׾Ů˵ˣȻŮ˸ʵһĸ黹ûأ  ׺ĶԻǶǿֱͨӽģ˿ƺһ㲻ѾʼԲˣ
׵飬Ǳ취ƿΣ֣ҽڻ龳ǿ߶أҪӿ²װ
ҲЩҪһ취ӳȥֻҪӳ죡
һԺҪҵĻǼǲܵˡ
һϵ׳Լʵǵʱ¾Ͳֵܹˡ
΢΢һЦˣʵ취ҲûУǵٶһҪ죡ɩǱߡ
Ϫߣ
˵ʵһ̽ؾջ¾ǰϪˣ  ֻԼҲû뵽ҽȾȻҪϪ޸Լ⵹ʡȥԼٵĹ
ҵȻ֪ҪΪɩߵĻҶ㡭΢΢һЦ
ʲô취Ҳһʱû˰취ҽȵһҲʵ̫Ҫˡ
ŬŬ죺ˣ߿϶ǲˣǴŴɩĻһǺܵģһ˴ɩĻǵٶƱػܵӰ죬ǵĿӦûһǷ֮
֮˼ؾƺһЩȻˣ˿飡  ͷǰһǹΪ̽ؾؾɲһܹȥģʮһɽȥ
㡭׿˿飬Сӿɶ˰
ٺ٣һѣؾȻͽˡ΢΢һЦ
ֻôˣߣ뿪ߣʱڻͷʰһ׿˿׵ҹƣ  һﾹȻҺıԼҪǽڵĻпߣ
鿴˿׵ڻЩѶȣǱҪƿ龳ǿߡ
²װǵʱޡ׿˿ʱҴϪߣֵһ£һȥ͸Ž
⣬ٺ٣鵹Ҳν˵ʵܵʵҲ˴ţΪеҩ
еǺõĵҩ  ϪŵĿ׺飬ЩǸȻĶ׺˵Բ֪ҾͲܸǳˣǿ׼Ӱɡ
ϪѲɾͲ֪ԼǸ׸׺ʱʱĿԼ֪˿ʲô
׿˿ϪЦŵϪһδףҪһԿԧˣ
ߣ㻹ͦʶȤ׵ЦһŵǺÿడĽգҽȻġ
飡
ڰ׵廰δʱŭһ
ѾǻһĽ⳯˵ĸǰϮȥ᳤ӣ˶Ȼȴһ
ֻеĹûԭĹȻתǹڣҽȵڷȥ
һ˲䣬סϪѾʧ˵ĸǰ  ʮΪϣ֪ʱӲ󳬼ţǾԲһ֮١
˵ˣؾȥһµĻҲʵЩϧˡ




691
 

ãҪܡ
׵ҹԭΪ׵ҪעһϾǻʵģ
û뵽ǾȻһǹֱ֮ˣ  ƵǣܵķҽڵķҪʲô  ׾Ҳһ˵ķղѾǼʶˣ  նɱٷ磬Х磡
ΪĻХѾǵĵ֮ˣ
ҹƳ׷Բܹˣ
׵嵹ǲżĿҹƵҹٽȥɾҽȵˣǹҽȵ˾ôȥ²̫ʰɣ
㡭ⶼʲôʱˣ㻹˼ҪǱһ˵Ļ֪ʲô
ҹԭ׵ڷϻû׵Ǹȥ
׵ЦһߣҹҲ̫ҽȵʵˣΪҽȾûǿֻûгѣ쵥ǹƥĳҲҽȲƽϣҪǴĻ
ߣҪǴΪҹҽȻ㲻ɣҹҲЦһ  ҽмＸ֪һҽ˽ҽһ  Ҽûʲô̫ܿԣ  䣡
֮ʣҽȵ֮Ѿһҵĺ죡  Ǿɽȣռ䶯
ٺ٣λڳˡ
׵Ҳһҽȵ΢΢һЦ
ҹҲǳȻλˣҾͷˡû뵽СӾȻôҹҽ۽
γֲһأҪҽΪǹҽʲôùӳأ
׵¶һ˿ЦʵڳӶˣ
ҪĸղźһѵĻҽǸԪ˰
ֻڣҽҪ͹ҽȱȵĳΪѣҲûа취İ취ˣ  ׵壬Ҷ˽⣬϶ŹԸҹҽȵġҿҲ׾˰ɡ
ҹƿɲ׵Ƿʲôȱϼһʵ̫ˣ  Զֻ棬ϣ
׵΢΢һЦǻǽȥɣСӿѾնɱˣ
һ˵ǽҽȵţ  ɽȥ֮ȴԺǽ壬ƺոշһսһ㣡  λ龳ǿµĺۼۼ˵ĳղһεĽǶôǿ  ⡭أı˰ɣҹƵɴ۾Ÿղż˵ټ
ֳﻹʲôټ԰ֱһŰ  ǽؾ
Զһ϶Ծ˵ĶУ  ׵˸ϽǸȥʮֵĹ
׵ϣûǣ
ղ̸Ȼ֪ʵû뵽һﾹȻҽȵŷӴܡ
˵֮ˣҽʵΪǿĴϣ
Ҳһƣ龳ڵǿߣȻʵԼԼƤӵˣ˵ȥҲ̫ˣ  ׵ϣ⼸˾Բܵ˵ģǽؾΣҲ˵ؾĪ⣬ĵõʲôôĻֵأʱѲɾͲˣ
ǰ̫ϳϣؾҽȣǾܿ¶ˣ׾
ҹƺٺһЦϣҹǺпܾͻؾ֮У
λ΢΢һ̾һôãûп̥ʵ̫ǿˣ
ǰ̫幬Ҳ֪ʲôطðġ׵
ҼǵϹʱڵʱţŵʱҲʢһʱţܿķѣȻûˣҹƳ
׾ͷû̫幬ԭľ칬̫幬ϲɣǺȡλʮŵڡ
ǵʵȡҲֻ֣ôӵʵϵôĲԾ  ֻܹһһˣ黹ץǺúʲа׵в֪Щʲô
ǲ˭Ƕ׺ʵȤ
Ҫʲôܹ˶ʱڳΪȾֵĻ綼ҪΪ֮ˣ  ֻԶǲˣһ죬ĴУ  ĻǼǿҲѴﵽ׺ȳɾˣ  Ѿʽأʱ޿̵Ķǰؾһ׺ʱǿ϶ܲ˵ģ  ˿̣ؾ֮У
׺黹аϪѾǽؾʵؾȥһµһ㣡
ֻµƯڿеĹµѣ




692¶ɽٷǿ
 

ؾ
˿ѾǱҽȵ˸סˣԭЩҪһ̽Ѿ̾
׵˳Ҫؾǲܵ飡  ЩҲЩ£һؾ֮зʲôĻµʱҲڣ  ǿ徳ڵǿ߶նɱˣЩ˭Ҹ  һٷһĻЩ˵У
ؾ֮У׺鼸ͬʱԶ
龳۷塭
üԶؾȻһΪǿϢ
׺ʵȻûдﵽǵľȴ쳣ǿ
ֲؾܹƶڲٿŰؾ˵ġ
ҲˣѾ̫û˷ˣ˵ʵѾﵽ֮ƺû˵
ЩֵĿ飬Ŀԣ
һԵİϪЩֵʵ㡭˵ʲô
һҪɽٷĳǿߡ׿ŰϪ
ɽٷ
ϪʿˮԴ֮һֱǴһ𾪵״̬  һʱ򣬾ȻԼǴ˵е֮壬ƵÿҪɱˣ  ɵڶμʱԼȴĪĺˣ  Ȼȷ׵Ůˣһֱڼı  ڰϪոΪԼӳʱȴԼⱲӿ¶Ķˣ
ɽٷǿߣʲô  νĶɽٷҲʱ٣ֻҪͨٵĿ鵽ʱܹ𻯷ˣ  ֻô궼û˵˷˸оһְ  ؾӦλǿߵ˽˿ռ䡭׳
Ϫһ̾Ŀ׵㡭ô֪أ
Цŵ㵽ʵʱҲܵģ
״һۣһ£ߵʶǵʵƥģ  ֻʵȴﵽϵģɻû˵⾫ǿʵûеġ
׺黹һˣ  ϪŶһɫҲǱ쳣Ľ
⡭Ӧô찡Ϫ̾һǰŸӳϾ֮£
׺һۣЦŵڴؾȥĻǵʱǵıȻҽȼǿߵΧҿǲʹŰɣ
ţֻˣȻ˼ҵĵ̣ôҲȥɣ΢΢һЦ
һԵ鿴˿ףֿ˿ߵİϪɩӣһҸʦȥһ ʱǲҪ˵ǧҪ˵㿴ʲôʲô
׿СӵСҪʹˣ
Ҳʹ߰ɡٺһЦ  ؾһһĹֻռزǺܴ
ȻˣؾҲǺܴ⹬Ҳͷǳĺˡ
ϵĹǰĽ֮ϣȻӡԾ֣ŵ
ƮݡŲ
ǣôã͵Сޣ
׶һۣɵǸҪ׼ʱѾһӵƽԶ
鳯΢΢һۣɣô²Ǵ֮ɣ
Ϫûſ£Ȼ𾪣ɫ֮仹Ǳһݵ  ѾļסĻܿʲôܷʲôûһëǮĹϵ
ߣôĵӣ
һԶҪʱһϵѾǳ׺ǰ
λ߿ȥ壬ƺһƽͷվǵĸǰ
豹棡  Ƿ豹ľ磬׺飬Ҳòͷȥиֵķ緶
˵ͷ֮Ͳôװ˰ɣ鿴ȥǸСPһʼûа鵱һ£
һԵ΢΢һЦ˵˼ңֳôĶҪɶ
Ƕûаһ
˵ͷ㲻װѾûȸһ˰ɣ֪ôأ
һԭҪ˵λѾǾ㵵°Ͷˣ  ʵϣ׶ѾˣǰȻʵˣ  ȸһ壬Ϲʱڵĳ֮һ
ֻȸһ巢չѾʧ֮ϣ˭Ҳ֪ǵȥʲôط
֮ǰҲķչʷϿģû뵽ǰһȸվĸǰһһֻʱԶɽٷȸ




693ȸһ壬
 

ؾŵ  ǰλ߿ȥüĿڵı黹Щˣ  ǰһ˼һСԼλǿߣô˸ǰȻװʸ  ֱ
ֻô֪Լȸһأ  ȸһϹʱڵʱʵϾѾʧˣʧԭ˵硡
ԼΪʱȸһˣȻ֪һģ
㡭Ǿ˭
߿ףдһ˿֮ɫ
鿴˿ߵ˵ʲô֣˵һʶء
⡭ôܣһСôʶҵˡ΢΢ҡͷҽз
û˵΢΢ҡͷȸһȷʶһЩ  ˵ģʵ׶ȸһҲ൱Ϥ
ȸһ嵹ҲһЩԨԴģֻֻܹ̾޳ˡ
㵱ȻûҿϹʱھʹڵġЩĿ˿飡
׿ŷ΢΢һЦϹʱھʹڣΪʲôأҿһֱѹԼʵܷ
㡭ܿҵʵ
о̫ˣȻܹóʵ  ԭΪԼϵǿˣһٿؾĿľΪ˿ܲ˼̳ؾ
ΪؾػߣѾػ̫̫ˣ  ˵Сȸ㲻Ҫؾļ̳˰ɣô꣬ôҲҵ˰ɣ֮ǰ˵һλŽ뵽ؾ
鿴˿ҲЦʵ  ü㡭㵽ʲôˣСȸҲ㺰ģ
˵䣬һɿֲѹѾϯؾ  ŵģѰ˼ҪǱٸ쵽˵ĻǵʱЦɾͿˣ
ֻǰһʵƲѣȻԼСȸ  Ҫ֪ȸһֻΪԼ׵һֱû뿪ѣ
ߣѹҲ˼ҵĸǰ԰ڣ
鲻мĿ˿СӻΪԼûˢӣ
˲䣡  ؾ֮һ𵴣ֻɨһ۷  һɸΪǿЩ÷Ϣѹǵأϯռ䣡  ࣡  ЩǿţҲһղһɿֲѹһʧ֣
Ҫ֪һʧֵĻҪɽٷˣ
ɲϣ鰡ɽٷȻãҲðԼ˰  ôȥˣΨһصǸˣȴѾ߻ħڼҪ̤龳ڵʱˣ
ƺûܶؾҪܹһΣ
ְǵȴܹĳΪ龳۷ǿߣ  һ˴ﵽΣҲˣ  ôȥˣ˲°ˣɲǱ⣡  ؾһֱУ˿ûֵܹĹȥƵĲܹˣ  ҪΪؾȸһʥأˣ  ǰǰ
ʹԼĿˮԼĺ֮оȻһ˿ɬ  Сȸʲôˣ
鿴ŷ΢΢һЦɵͷǿ൱Ĵģ
ȸһȻһʧʵɽ磬ȸһǷǳǿ֮һ
ȸһ峤ɣ˵ǴģķɷɽʱǳΪ׳ۣ  ΪȻУһӴžŰپʮֻȸͬʱ  ȸһ廹ĳƺţǾǲһ壡
ʱԵʱȸһ弯ɽʱҲ˷׶  ĸĸ״ˡĻԭһ˿˿Ѿǳ׵ûˣ  ǰȥСһļһɽ֮ˣղǹǿѹѾǳ׵˵⣡
Ҫǣ˼ҾȻԼĸ״˶ʶҪ֪Լĸ״ѾǷɽ֮ã
ǷɵĶӣȥѾô˻ûҲ𾪵Ŀŷʵ
⡭ǰҲ֪ȸһųƲһ壬Ҳǰ׽еģ΢΢һЦ
׿˿ôǸʲô
ǰ֪ؾȸһʥأֻĸ׵ҵ˼̳֮ˣҲȴһ׮ˣ
ҪȥɽѰԼĸˣһֱҪһ˲ôѣ  ˵СȸҵȻҪ׽һӣøȥ鿴ŷ
һڣʵĿľǰһŪˣ  ҪȻıһ˵ĻǸܵˣ




694Ȧķ
 

ŵڣ  ףʵǷֲʲôĲ֮ͬ  Ҫ˵ģ¾һԵİϪˣǸ㲻׺鵽ʲôˣ
ǿǶɽٷǿ߰Ǳ˻һһ㶵ģ֪ǵôģ  ǰߣȻǴ˵еȸһǿߣ
ȸһĵȷȷʧ̫̫ˣڿǿߣϪоԼǼʶˣ
ǰ˼̷ɽ磿ʵ
׳˼һɽҲķѣȸһȻҲܹȻ˵Ļβȥĸأ
λ˵ʵʵػȸΪȸĻ ˡ
֮ǰΪȷ˵ʲôˡ
ڿٿȥǻ˰ɣȻǻ˵ĻҲǷĵĽλǰˣ
ȸ˵СǲɵΪʲôܹԼأ鿴ŷһƵ˵
ȸҽ繵ͨɽ֮ĸ״˵˼ػš΢΢һ̾
һЩɸֵ˵˵ȸһ嶼ûˣ㻹Ÿﰡ
Ҳ԰
һƺ˹ˣȸһѾȥһˣȸȻҲò˰  ϽİɣΪһֱѹŶԺȻ˵кôģѹʱҲ̫һ㰡ҹŵʱٿǾ춯ذҲЩʼ
̾һٱУʵԭǺĵģȴûʲôˣϵʱ̫ˡ
治ǿЦϵʱ̫ˣʱ۵˾Խ࣡
ٿǸʵͺܶؾٵĳ̶ȵģ
ɱнž٣ǹ㲻ҲðǲƤˡ
黹治ǿЦȻ˵⾭˾ž֮һǿ϶ʲôطȥǰù˵
ȸһ֮Ϊһ壬ľͲ
һξĻµʱҲˣ
ֻβĻǻл·ģ
ٿɲǸ㽲ģԷʵҲ൱ľηġ
ǰϣǰɣȻ˵ĻҾ׼ˣȸλɣպλǰһμɽʱҲпյȸһȥһȻˣҶɽʧܣҲλͨĸһ
ԭǴȸߵģôһզ֮Ҳŵˡ
һԼҪ˵Ļʱȥŵ˿ɶûа
û⣡鵹ǲĽӹȸһµû뵽ȸȻؾңذ
ؾȻ˵ôһѾǷǳǿˡ֪΢ǰҾ
ڰֵˣ⵹ҲһƶĻ԰ٰɣ
š
׿ŷǸоһЩˡ
ΪϿԿóһٲûʲôģ  ʵûĵҪԭΪԼĸ׶ɽʱǵȾ춯صĳ棬ļ֮У
ȻˣôʲôɽٵĶҲû׼ؾʲôˣ  ⴫ûҵǰԼˣ
ǰ飿Ҳһʵ
׿ŷЦŵɽǿɲС£֪ûʲô׼
⡭⵱ȥ֮ʱûʲô
ЩƵĿף˿̵ȴ¶һ˿⡣
׿˿ʦܣҵҲԨԴҪȻҿ
Ȼûˣ
ղŻû뵽⣬֮Ҳ뵽ˡ
˶ǿûκεĺô  ڿһ˼ָŷ֤ɣʱҲøŲô    һżƷǲҪǮһ˷ĸǰ  ԼҲЩɵˣ⿴ȥϰټƷ͸һ  ǵϹʱΪʱҲûм⼫Ʒô˰
Ȼ֮ΪƷȻ൱ĽεˣҪͨɫôܹ֮ΪƷأ
⡭ôࣿԭЩ۾һ
˿ҲоЩȦˣɽǿ߰һ־ȻôļƷ  ЩƷȻһɫķ͵ļƷҪôļƷĻɽٻҪߺܶˣ  ׿ŷ΢΢һЦҲֻôˣ֤վҪ㰡ϣܹͻ֮ΪɽһԱ
ǰ
¶һ˿˿ĸжû뵽λɽǰȻΪԼôС»ģܲжأ
һԵİϪǷˣ  Ϊ׺ʦֵܾȻóôļƷ  ϪΪһԱȻ֪⼫Ʒжôˣ  뵽ߣΪʲôһﾹȻ˵еȥԿҽȺ͹ҽȣ  ໣  һ̶ķ֮Ѿǻûһֻɫķˡ




695·ɽ
 

Ϧ裡  һ֮쳹ؾ赲ĻһԵİϪ˲  ֮䣬һ΢Ŀʼɢ
֮ȴִһׯ£  أıõͳһ˵Ϣӿ
̧ͷԶԭһƬ֮ɫİƽǻ˿ɡ
Ҳ֪һεʲôٰ
׵ޱȵڴ˵ʵһο˶ɽ٣˵Ǽٵģ
һԵİϪ׺Ͷɽˣ
Ǻǣɩɽٿһβ򰡣ɵúúõĿԺиİ鿴ŰϪЦŵ
ϪЦһ֮壬Ƕɽ
ɩ¸򰡣֮ȻֲҲ˲ǣֻҪĵʵҲһġֻǼλ֮嶼ħϣա
Ҳ΢΢һ֮֮̾Ϊ֮壬ʵпʧȥ˱ģ
һʧȥ˱ĵĻǵʱ˵ˣ
ҲĿǰǻǿԿƵסģȻҲ֪
ãҪ̫幬ҪΪ˱ЩʱһЩĲõĻ  Զռ֮еĵ쳣֮ɢռһƬɵľ
˿̵֮УǦܲһϢѹţ  ֲ
ͷֻһˣȿֲϢٶ֣  ̧ͷ죬гһֺսϢɣҵҪǲܹó
䣡
֮Уһֱƺ̽˼
΢΢ЦΪһԼ壡  
ϪЩĿųУʱȫıȾˣ  ɩⲻٵ̽ѣҲ֮Ϊһ٣һپǸθһ㣬ʵ֮ΪÿһٶһΪǿ󡭡
һԽ͵Ȼ˽⻹Ƿǳ̵ģ
žţҪʮһϪЩզĿ顣
ŵһһ뵽滹аʮ٣оҪˣ  һƺûʲô׿ҲЦŵҪٶĻǻǡ
鿴΢΢һЦʦ磬ſǰԽǼ򵥺Խù
Сӵľܽ൱ĵλ׿һЦ
һԵİϪֻܹĭǸ׵ĻⱲҲҪ뿴ʢˣ
ƺ˶ŭļ󣬿ԼУһŭĺһ㣡
䡭
һһɫϵĳŷҶȥһƺһǿң  һӣߵ˷
ЦߣһΪڸ𣿡
ڷΪûɶʱһٵһѾ
һ֮ǰ׳ֹĽӲĺ˷֮ϣ
һɽζ׺ıУ  ⿾ȸǡһӣҲЦ
ЩǱķǽҲֹ˵ȥ֪
׹£  һǰɫ˷ûлͷٵһѾˣ  ԷʵЩٲǣ
һֱԼӲģһʵǳǿˣ  һ١١١
ʱһһĹȥţҲ΢΢һ̾Ѿǵٵһˣ  ˿̵ԵĸоһϢٵһףоһ˿Ŀֲ
˽ʮƷĴۣǶȹ٣  ƺָǽƷ·һǧЦ˼ڳɹˣڳɹ
˷ܣ
ڵĸоǳĺãΪ͵ȴˣ
ֻǵһᣬŵЩѹһûУ  üѹɢһôûбɽأ
ûô򵥰ɣôùĻǸ˶ܹȥˣ
ǰһҲ̫һЩĪǡӹһ˿Ȼž٣
黰֮ʣ  ԭʵգһεֲѹɢռ֮У
ѹҪ֮ǰϼֹ  ռе·𱻼ѹûĿռ䣬һԵİϪоһ˿ļ٣  پۣұ֮ǰ˲ֹһ
̧ͷһξۼĽƣҲʿˮû갡




696¾Ųʽ
 

߾ٺͰ˾٣žǰĽ׷·Щ  ֮ǰĲһѲΪһʵ̫̫ˣҲʼҪˣ
ⲻӦðȻ߾ٺͰ˾ٱ֮ǰҪǿܶ࣡
Ƕڷ˵Ⲣʲô⣬Ϊһ˰龳۷ǿ߰  
׿ʵ̫ˣ
žٴǵس˿־ģɽ쿴Ǹһ㣬Ҳ̫ϳ˰  Լ֮оͲֻֻҪԼɹɽپˣ
ʲô򵥻ѣο˭ϣԼأ  ԽǿԽ׳ΣյİֲɵôϣԼٰԼأ  ʮ׹£ŵѾЩŪҲˣ  һ
һףһƵĶɽپͻˣȻ׺鿴ɽĿǰΪֹף  һԵİϪÿһ¼ܹѹ  ٵľηκһ˶ҪǿҶ࣡
ȥƱɫüͷҲ
Ʊɫһõͷ
Ҳǳǰ滹̫ˣһνڱذ
֮УԭǦѾʼı
ըƶ䣬ʼֳʽɫ
üյĽƣһɫɫɫɫȻɽһǿߣ
ǰŲʽƣҲЩզ˵  ɽ٣ûмŲʽƣȻˣʷ֮ҲûУ  һ˵߲ʽѾ൱ˣŲʽƼֱˣ  Ųʽơ
̧ͷһûһȥ  ĸ׷ɶɽ٣ҲǳŲʽƣǸʱǿġ
Ͼĸ׿ǴôȸһŲʽƶǱˣ  Լһ˷ôô˼أ  ŲʽƷͬСɣɹˣԺɽ׶֮أӦ֪ġ
ʱҲŷ˵ʵϣܹɹ٣  ΪԼĴ㣡
Ķ֮ϵľŲʽƣеļƷѾȫԼϣ
һļƷ·Ǹ˷һı
䣡  ֮УһŲͷ׵Ǵ׳ĳ̶ȼֱ֮ǰĲܱȣ
֮ǰֵһҲʮ֮һ
ֲ
дһ˿Ȼ֪һβɹʣĵȴ
Ųͷ׵ٲһֱ£ŷӴѹ
Ű  ռ𵴣  Ϊ֮ɫ䣡  ؾ֮з·߲ƣʱĴһ
׵˳ԶȥֻѾȫһŲɣ˿Ӱ  ˲䣬ָ֮ԭӣղ˸ĳһһ£  ȥ˰ɣ
ʶѾ̽Զķ˿̵ƺܲһϢˡ
˭Ҳû뵽һﾹȻôţ棬ֱ˸ŲʽƣҲ֪˵һأǲأ  ЩƷȫһȻû赲סŲʽưղǽϢƿֲҿһҲѵֿ˰
˵ĵʵղǽƵϢԲһܹܵġ
ҪǷĹ˵ĻʵǾرĿϧ  Ҳ̾һһָһɽٳɹҲմմء
մ⣿׿ֲСһֱߴһɽ٣Ҫٵʱͻư
ǵȻˣⲻͻưײͻưʦ磡Цŵ
ٵһɡüͷԶʱҲ֪Ҫһ̣  ֻûиܵϢΪѾˣ  һĹ֮󡭡
ƺѾӰˣ֮·һ㶯ûУ  ʧˡҲ΢΢ҡͷҲǾһĿϧ
أ
֮дһ𽥵ĿʼŽһ㣡
ԭѾҪɢĽƴ˿һλû˾Ųͷ׵ɫ  ؾۣ١
Ĩһ˿˿ϲɫԭΪСȸûϣˣһ㣡
ȸһųƲһ壬Ҳǰ׽еİ
ղʵھһḶ́׸ܲϢ  ĳɹˣҲ¶ϲɫĿ飡  ʦ磬ϽȥһɾͲˡ
˵꣬ವһѾǽ˷Ķɽ֮أ




697¸մ
 

٣  ֮Уһҹ𣬺ƽڸףһ㣡  ͷ֮ϣһʵʵĹųֱȥŴһ龲͵Ϣ
˿̵ķ忪ʼɱ䣬氿ķϵıɫ
ɷ  ʦ磬ǸϽͻơ
˿Ҳ˲ôˣ֪˵ǶôҪ
׺ҲҲǸŷԡŲ֮Уʮֵܣ
һ㡢㡭
ʱʱ䣬׺ϥǿ
ԡ֮УٶȿǱƽʱҪǿ̫̫ˡ
˿̵ѾǴ徳ͻƵĺڣ  ٶȻһֱڸٵת֮У  ܿ죬Ǵ徳۷ıԵڵʮ㣬Ϊûɱɣ  Ųʽƣ  ȻǷͬ죬һο·׬ˡ
Ķɽٷٶ˵ĻһʱǺ顣
Ũɽһ˵һɽ磬Ѿһλ۲۵ĸˣ  ԿԳ֮ΪһλǱ޵ĸ֣  䣡
׵ĵﴦһŰһҲ൱˳  Ҫ֪ΪĴУʹʶѾûκεˣֻʵƥѣ  徳۷壡
ŵﱬ漴ֲţһǰδеǿ׵¶һϲɫ˿оԼڳ
һͻƵ۷壬һָоȵ˺ܶ࣡  ⻹û꣬ϵԽƵһֵѾ˳Լ뵽֮У
֮ǰ洢һõ߰˰ˣʣ޼ˣ
׵ָһ㣬ȻڳˣҲûָһɣ  ٿһߵ飬˿Ҳ൱Ŀ
ʱʱ䣬һ龳ĳѾǴﵽ龳ڣ  ٶʵҪ֪Ȼǿ󣬿ɱϾʱ̫̫ˣ  ԭͷǳߵĻʱʱ䣬Ҫɵʲô¶ɲ  ໣
׻̰֮еʱһ쳹  ׺Ͻվǳ֮΢΢ȥ
ƺղûзһ
Сȸǲû뵽ȻɱΪ˾Ų֮ȸ΢΢һЦһݷôҲеİ
ţŲ֮ɽĿǰҲйɣղҲˡҲ΢΢һ̾
ɽҪһλǿˣȸһ忴ĻعҲ˷쳣ҿ˵ȸһ峤Ҳ߲֮΢΢һ̾ȸһӦƲɵˡ
ԺҪǳΪȸһ䣬ҵɽ㣬ҲŲСģҿ⵹һ£ЦЦ
ǿɶ齻˵Ļʹˣ
ڴʵҲνˣмӵʱҲˣ  ಣ
֮УǾŲ֮ʧȡ֮վ׺ǰһλȥʮӣ  ȸһ廹ţ֮ǰǸͷӣû뵽ֱ˵Ӣ鿴ŷ΢΢һЦ
飬׺΢΢λǰ˴ܹɹɽ٣λǰ¡
һǻԵĻԵ𣿡׿ŷЦЦ
λ£ûԺλǰȸһ壬ǾȸһĿˡ
˵ģҪ֪ĸ׿ȸһ峤ɣ
ʵϣ֮Ϊ峤ҲǿԵģ  ȻˣɽҪǸ֮ĻĲܵĴ  ڲͬˣһǾŲ֮ǿЫζһݰ  ȸһδˣ  һЦС˵Ҫ㻰ŶԺ˵ûȥȸһ塭
ϲŵ֮ˣǰʱ䲻ˣɽǰ
Ѿɹɽ٣ɽȴ̫Ļᣡ
ϾѾﵽޣԲܹڴˡ
һϼ֣
ǵϼ֮⳯ķ˹ȥ
Сӻ˰鿴ŷȥķǿЦ
׿ٺһЦСʵ־˲
ʦ磬ҵ˼ǵõȸȻؾ뿪ġɡ鿴Щ˷ܵ˵
ʲô׿΢΢һЦʵСӵ뷨Ǹһɣ
鿴˿׹һЦղűǰӸ׷ģôҲøһһЩɫ
һԵİϪһֱ׺飬Ѿ𾪵Ĳܹˣ
֮꣬Լܹɽٷ֮ˣֱ̫ˣ




698ɱҽ
 

ؾ  ׿ŰϪЦŵС㣬һҸʦȥҽתһȦʹؾ
ܷ֡ܲŹүүϪЩ˼˵
Źǣüɩͷ㵱ŮǸʲô̫үүҪذ㾹ȻҪŹǣ
Щɱҵȶ죬ôŹǣЦҲ
Ϫͨһ¹֪ҵҪܹ֣ɡϾүүı硭ˣ
ʦ磬Ȼɩˣ׾ҿɣǰ׵ϼһ
Ҳʲôʥˣһӽɵۼǿߣһ龳ڵ˸׷ˣҪ˵ȥĻأ
鲻ôҪһһ˵
Ϫ̾һˡҲܲôˡ
ϪʵԼүү֮ǰĻ֮пԸܵĳڱԼġ
Լķʽк֣ܶȻһʼİϪ˽⣬ƺ˺ܶ࣡
׿ŰϪЦЦȻС㿪ˣҿ϶ҪġҲϣСܹػסԼıģҪЩаĶģ
Ϫݺݵĵͷôһ죬ϣܹ˽ңҲϣɱЩ޹֮ˣ
̾һû뵽ɩȻ˵ĵ֮ĵôѡ˵ģ
׿߰ɣ
ϪףһĨ֮ɫ  ʵϰϪһĵ֮ˣȻҽȶʣϾĵطȴܹҽȲ岻ǣ
֪Լû׻ǰ˵ʲô
ǰ֪׺ǿ󣬿֪ˣ
˻Ͳˣǵǿױȣһܹġ
Լǣƺһˣ֪ҽһοҪùˣ
ȥӰҲ΢΢һ̾
ĺ׽Ūˣ
ʱԼүүԼ̫үүܹһ׵ĻھͲһˣ
ؾû뵽澹Ȼһλǿߣ
λǿ߾Ȼ˵Ĺѵһɺ
ϪԲɺϣɽٷǿôױƭ
ҽڣ
һʱѾȥˣ׺ҽȽؾҽڵĸҲŭ
ؾ·һλɷһ߾ǱߣʶѾɢؾΧ
˱ҽȵһǿߣﳽ
ﳽǿߣҲǰ׵һεʵ֮ǿ¹ھˣ
龳ڣ
ŷɥˣ
ҽȺ͹ҽ֮ΪʲôһֱҿսѾ˿սıԵһεסˣ
ٷХ˶ûŶеԭΪҽȺ͹ҽȲܿս  Ҫ֪һսʱȻѪɺӵľ棡  һԪˣĵλͻһǧɡ
һʲôһʲôЩ龳ĸУֻǲҪġ
һţľǿߵ  ƴĻʱ˿һռˣⲻǸ˻  һ龳ǿˣǸһĻ᣿
ҽȺ͹ҽȵ˶Ը⿴飡  
ҹƺͰ׵ﳽĸǰǵȴؾ  ɽ٣ؾ˺ܴĶƺܲ
ؾһĿռ䣬淢ô֪أ
޴ڣƺκεĿռʧ  һûܹ͵ͨ
СܽȥһʱˣһĶûУ׵忴ﳽҲǳǲҵߵȺ
޷вأﳽ΢΢һЦ
ҵҪСؾܹ೤ʱ䣿ǲֻҪǳҶȻʬΣ
ҹЦһ˿ŭ죡
ҽȵ˳ڸҲֻܹҽȵˣ
ﳽ˿ҹƵСҹһιҽʧأӦҲˣ²ҽܹƵġ
ԼǣһعҽȣȻѴµ鹫ڡҹҲǳﳽ΢΢Ҿ
ҹƻ֮ʣ
һѾҽȵľڣ




699°׾
 

ҽڣ
ԭһƬž֮ɫɵ׺ҽڵʱԭһЦݵﳽѾ¶ɷ
ߣؾҲǰҹƴ˿̵ʶѾ׺飡  һԵﳽҲ֮ǰһûпԭСһﾹȻ˵ᣬŰ
ߣľַش֮׵Цһ˿Ǽʰ  һ·˶ε֮󣬺ײŴﵽĳɾͣ  ǰСPҲ֪ʲôȻԼʵ࣬ʤԼһ  ˣҪɱˣ
ȻˣյĿǻΪҽȣĪ⣬Ҳ֪ǵʲôˣ
ӳȥĻʱҽһв  ̫幬ҽȺ͹ҽȵѾŴȥΧˣֻǲ֪ôأ
ڶ֪ҽȺ͹ҽȵȥΧ˾̫幬ˡ
ܶ˶̫幬϶군ˣ
Ҫ֪磬һҽȺ͹ҽͬʱΧˣܹģ
ǺųƵһŵľ̫幬ҲǷǳѵİɣ
׺鲢֪ҽȺ͹ҽȵ˾ȻѾɳĸǰ̫幬ˡ
Ͼ֮ǰؾ治֪⵽ôһ£
ȥ̫幬ôأ
̫幬ĻڴǿԲµģ龳ǿ߹ȥˣҪڶʱƻԼĻڴҲǲܵģ
ټϾ̫幬ڿ龳ڵǿҲӦǷˣ
ͷ֮ǰһƣ鿴ﳽЦһ
֮ǰ׼ؾʱһ鱬ҪսḻĻ»һĵ
ߣҽҪȥ磬Ҳ̫ﳽˣﳽ׺Цһ
ҽڣ׾վԶ  һΰ׾ǲڳˣ׵ôȰҲȰס  ױִ֮ˣһԼ϶飬ʮͷţ¶  Ҫնɱ׺飬׾Ҳֻ̾ˣ  ׾Ҫɱ׺飬һԼŮѾ˹ϵôԺֻҪ԰ϪһЩĻ˼ĵô  ׾òܣڿǲܵģ  һǱȶһҪúܶİɣ쳣ǿ󣡣
Ű׾ˣͰҪ̫幬˾һսˡ
ϧ˰׾̾һôˣûпţô˵Ļ㲻ÿϧ
ϧϪСҲ֪ؾǻˡ̾һĪ⣬㿴ŵӣĪؾʲô
㲻˵һˣؾ˵ö࣬Ļ
׾Ҳɫһ䣬Ͼڻҽȵ
Լĸ˻ʲôĻôҽһ޴Ĵ  û뵽ؾĳ֣ǵǸȻǸ  Ű׾ˣ㿴ˣѾû֮ǰһ˿ңɵҿʲôƵĻҿǾôţֻǡ
ֻʲô׾ʵ
̾һֻڵͰѾûа취ͷˣֻܹλܹˣһˣԺҽȡ
˵ˣҲҪ˵ˣ֪Լ˵˵Ѿֲ˵ʲôˡ
Զ  ׵忴һҹƳҹҶԸǸ׵ļһʣµǸСӣͽɣ
ҹƺٺٵͷ֪
ﳽԼĺ΢΢һЦ֮ǰûлᣬһҪúõһλʵˣ
׿һ۰׵ҹƣٺЦһ龳ûдﵽˣȻͶλ龳ĸֳǻǸӰ
İɣΪһһ֮ҽȾԺ㡭
׵Ц˼֮ǰһﲻҪǲĻһҪˣԺǾǺ
ڳˣҲһ  ׿˿׵Цŵ˭˭˵أʦܡ
ʦ硭鿴˿ףŵһЦȻˣܵĸһЩõĻɡ
֡
ٺһЦҪˣ׵Ļ֮˳ȥ




700VSﳽ
 

ҽڣ  ˿ҽȾۼ˴ĵӣ֮ڵĳѾǳˣ  ܳʱûг֣һֱڴ˵֮еﳽͰ׵壬ǵҽȵ
ڿȻͬʱߣһΪ˶Ը֮ǰֵ÷з׺飬Ҳһľ̾  ɱţһﾹȻλֱ
ǰǾҲˣ̫߿ˣ
ҽȵҹҹȻҲߣһһ϶ûˡ
˵ǾȻ˵Ůֱ޿ˡ
һҽȵˣﳽͰ׵̫ϳ϶ѾǳˣҲһľ㵣  ݼǷҲǾǿˣ  λ̫ϳϼһɱţˣ
У  ﳽ˿׵ҹ΢΢һЦȸҿףȰСӸˣҿǵһɡ
ﳽԼ˼Ӧ֪ٵܵģ
ҪȻƾʲôСС;ܹ˵ĳɾͣһʵҪǿ龹Ȼʦ磿
϶ʲôèģֻڲ֪è嵽ʲôѣ  ﳽͻǿҵĿֵ龳֮ԼƺѾʧȥ˷  ôƺʵĶ쳣Ļ
֪⵽״ʲôطҲ֪Ϊʲôӣڵȷôһ£  ԣʵΨһĿľҪץסһץס
ҪѯˣΪʲô˵  ҹʵĲץɱ  Ϊıҽȵ˵õʲôܵĻʱҽȻôǶأ  Ϊˣڷǳĵǣ
ڿҽȵĵϣʲôҲֻܹڶ棡
ﳽVS飡  һսƺһǱ׵ҹ
ԭ׵ҹҪնɱһģѾˣɱףҲõһˣ  նʽ  õһģǱ飬ɽǾ̫Ĳɱ  ֮䣬һѺۣ  Ѻ۷·Ǳһһ㣬ѾһѼƷ
Ʒ
ﳽһḬ̃ɵɼǿϢʱҲüͷ  ΢΢Цնʽɲģ  һ˵УǾҪˣ
֮Уɢȥռ䶼һ𵴣  ԶȥкƳһӰӰȥһѷɽ
ɽƺ֣Ű
ԭҵĽȻűָӵսʿһ㣬ﳽȥ  ݣ  һŰ֮ﳽɴ۾Լ壡
û뵽һȻֱӹԼķߣ˿ѾǸһɱԼҪǿѹѹ
ﳽ˲ʧأ  ôҲû뵽ǰСʶȻѹԼʶ龳ĺڵĸְ  㡭ôôǿﳽЩɬ
Щ֮ĽֻҪһּͿжˣﳽ֪ԼŬҪնɱҲ޿ܣ  һβԼնɱǱնɱԼˣ
ͣĹһ˸߹һˣЩԭΪչˣ˿̶Ǵ۾
һλ龳ڵĸְڵӼֱǱѹ  һСP׷һǿߴǴסˣ  
׵ҹƶǴԲҪĽ  ǰ׵壬һֱڵȴﳽɵʱҪô죡
ԴһεĹ֮ƺѾû˷  ӿʼڣһ·ǷأƺԽԽˣ  һʵ־ˣôܡ
ҹƵĻǿɬģ֮ΣķһһҪҽȵĳ嶯
ﳽϵıţով˿ò
ÿһεĹȫԸﳽʵǿҲǵֵסģ  οʵڵʵҪﳽҪǿһߣ

ﳽȻ䷢֣˷ĽһεĳԼӿ˹жЩǼ٣
أ  ųƵһﳽһɵֵʱѾˣ
ЩȫǼٵģһȭģ
˿̵վﳽԭվλãﳽ˿ѾǱ˳ȥ
Ѫ  һ龳ǿߣĿѪֱ̫ˣ  ɱ
׵Ŀ³һҽⲻСĻ֮Ҳסˣ  һ֣ȴ΢΢һ֮УһϺͲݾܾɱ֮
ĽıһǿĽһεγɣ  ǿֲϢҽΪ֮ɫ䣡




701ն
 

ҽڣ
ﳽĺ֮зһ๾
ˣһˣ
˵ʵܹնɱԼûУ
Դ̤龳һţ
Щʱ̾ûʲôˣֵָĹ¼źһֱͷ֮У
ɾڽ죬ԼĵϣһСPȻвˣ  ѾܹвˣѾԵ
ֲѹϯҽȣ
˶ǾֵĿ飬СС֮УȻŷ˾˵ôܹ˿־أ
٣նʽڶʽ
Ŀ³˼֣֮֮ǰĵһΪǿ
նʽֻУ
õֻǾնʽնʽ  ϾڵʵﲻĲٿնʽ  νնɣǿնɱ˵
ﳽϣһҲˣ
أ  һŰǵӰ֮ǳ۾һ˲Զﳽ  
ﳽһɼΪǿϢסԼһʧˣ
ʵʵҪնɱﳽ治һ׵飡  һһ˼ܵĻһû̫İ취
ľǿﳽ˲ˣ
Ű  ﳽֱֻ۱նϣһƴֿĻԼѾɵˣ
ž  ҽһļž˼ǴҴ
ǰﳽ΢΢һЦǺǣҾ̫幬ԸҽȺ͹ҽΪУȴһٶҪնɱҵȣֻܶԲˡ
ﳽûзӦĹһγˣ  ﳽҪһεľۼۼٶ̫ˣ˿̵ȴѾ徳۷ǿߣ  ҲҪԼֵжôǿ󣡣
Ӱأ  ﳽķֱȥ˿ûκͣ˼
ʱ׵ҹƵ˳ĻﳽǿԱסġ
һѾ𾪵Ĵסˣ
ǿȴ  ﳽͷҲҶˣʱ˭ĲҪأ  һǲҪһﳽ˿г˿־Ͳʣ  ʵ벻Ϊʲôӣ
ΪʲôôԼǿõ龳ǿ߰
Ȼ˸ˣ  ﳽ˿Ŷоһľֲʼӡ˵Ժ֮У  һǿߣԼĵ֮ϣⲻò˵һֱ  ﳽˣĲǺ¡¡ʵǰһҪ׽ף˵Լϵܣ
׺Ȼվҽȵ֮ڣս٣η
׵壬˶أǱԳأѾһ龳ڵǿ߶ѣ  ֮ǰ徳ڵʱҲӲ
ʵѾﵽ徳۷壬׵壿  㡭ҡ⡭ҽȡ
׵˺һ˿˿İ󣬿أ
֮ǰҹҪնɱ׺飬ԼŮҪնɱģ
ҽȣҽôˣﳽҽȵˣȻû˱ҲֻгԼҪܵĴˣ
׵󣬶ڱǾ  ۡº
׵峹׵ķˣһ콾龳ڵǿߣһ̽һ㣡
΢΢ҡͷˣ
ȥ
΢΢ҡͷ֮ʣ׵ѾǷ˷ʨһ㣬׵ķֱ˶  ׵弸þԼȫ֪ԼһĶ֣þԼҲҪײúù  һеļƷѾʣ  Ǻӣ  ǰԵĽӲĽ׵ǿ˻ȥ  Ȼֻһ֮Ͼǲһ磬Ȼ׵ʵˣ
徳۷龳ĳڱϾǲһأ  ﵽ徳۷壬Ѿնɱ׵ѶʵҲС  նʽ  һʹնʽһޣ
նʽɽ羫֮׵ҪҲЩģ
Ӳ׵ʮغ֮󣬰׵֧Ųסһն䣡

׵忴ѾߵļƷɽг˾  һǷɽѾǴ̴˰׵ĵҲһΪȥΪĿֲ  ׵ɣ
ҽΪ֮𶯣һ֮龳ǿھ̫幬˵ϣ
ҽԪˣ޷֮  ʵϣԭҲδҪŹҽ֮ˣɺҽȻҪɱԼɱϾ³  ҽȿɲһ׾Ҫʵˣ  ˭̫幬ĹȥҲʲôùӳԣ
ҡ֪ˣ
ҹƵɫ൱ĲÿƱǿﳽͰ׵ѾȺնɱ
һ龳ˣĻܹʲôأ
˵ʵҽȺ͹ҽǹŽĻһʱỹûʲô취  ɰ׵ﳽΣյʱǾȻסˣ
ﳽװȻûκ˰æ  ׿˿ҹƣ龳ǿ߱Ͼ൱ϡٵģԼһζɱĻʱþ̫幬һ൱λã  Ȩ
ջǷնɱҹƵͷ
ҽͷԣҽһ׺;̫幬ͷʱԼҲõˣ




702°ȥ
 

ҽڣ  еӶǿ־Ŀǰɱһһչص龳֣Ѿŵҳˡ
ҪǳĻҽҲǱ˸һˣ
ҽ׾ۿԼĸױն䣬Ҳǳ
Ϊһ֪֮鲢ǹĳһˣ  վҽȵĽǶ˵׸ɱվһ͹۹ĽǶ˵ԼĸһζӭϹҽȵĻӣ
׵Ҫɱ׺ͰϪŭλ̫幬ֱԭ  ûжԴ  ǿΪʵ㹻ǿô̫幬Ҳ˵ʲô  ֮ҽҲͬģ
ΪҪɱˣѲɱվɱ  Ϫؾˣдһ˿Σ  ȻҲ֪ʵɱϾѾԼķˣ
ϪС㣬ţ
ŰϪؾҲĭϴһ˿ɬ
һԵİ׾ɫ൱ĲÿҽһϦ֮ӣΪоԼʵЩ
үүϪŰ׾Ҳ¶һ˿ǸȻ׾ַˣִҪҽȣǾɣҰ׾ԲṶ
үүôôҵүүϪҡҡͷ
׿Ű׾ҽ׾֪ĻΪҪʲôӢأԼŮܹʲôģҵȽңͳΪǵĵ֮˰ɣ
һԶҲҪҴɩ÷һĻͷˣֵ߷ϻ
㡭
׾Ҫŭջסˣʵ׺˵û
ϪҧݣЩĿ׵֡ףүүϾҡ
ѾӦˣԲ˺һһ׳ӽҽȳ׶Ͼϵˣһûκɣ
ûУ
׾֮Ҳǰһ
ʵЩһ˽֮ˣ
ǵҪΪﳽͰ׵屨Ҳ߆ˣ
ﳽͰ׵Ѿˣӻùǣ  鱾ǹҽȸ飬ڷҽȵ˳ŲصĴۣ  һоΪ׵һѡһѡ
ʱ׵ѡվ׺ͰϪ󣬻ڱǾǹҽˣ  ҽȺ;̫幬ܹΪѺţʱǿǿҲһΪģ  ֻһˣʵ̫ˣ
үү֮ǰҡһ仰ϪŰ׾ҲǷһ˿Ứ
ʰɡ
׾˿Ҳǲʮһ㣬֮Ŷоһ˿ĳݣ  ҾʣΪʲôŮҪҸϾɱϪڲЩƲסʵ
㲻Ѿ֪֮ͻ𣿡׾΢΢һ̾
֪ˣϪŰ׾
һԵ̵С㣬Ͱʵɱ֮ˣһӵĻϪСѾһˣ
үүϪЩϲĿŰ׾ʵҪ  ׾̾һ˵һѾûκεˣǱӦɣδķɱҵĸף
̫үү
ϪҪ˵Щʲô֪һѾûκεˡ
׿ŰϪ߰ɣ
״ŰϪҽȳڴ˹ȥ˿ǵӰȴûһ˸ǰء
һնɱλ֮ˣôĿǰȥ
ⲻò˵һͷ̣ôأ
ֻð׾𾪵ǣ׵뿪֮ؾȴصʧˣ·ûгֹһ㡣
ؾһ˲ǳĶ  ҪؾҽȣҽȻԭҽȡ
ûκεĺҩԣΪһ֮սҽȴӳһûˡ
ҶҷУ  Ѧ֮ǰǿ׺ģǶΪ׵һѺ
ⱻ龳ǿ׷ɱҲҪأ  Ѧһֱһ飬ʵҲڵȴ׵Ϣ  һο׶༪˰֡Ѧңе¥֮ϣɫеǵġ
̾һᡢţϧ˰
˵л𣿡ѦЩڴĿ  ΢΢ҡͷ˵ʵһûİ
ǰҲоûģһܹĻԺ͸ˣ
Ѧ˵ʵһֱһӲҽȺҽ󳬼ŵʱʶһжôķ񣡣
˵ʵʵһЩ˽ģû뵽ʦܾȻ˵ǿڻЩţ  һХһɵСPӡ̰  һ˵ʱѦҲһû뵽龹ȻҲһλ֣׾˰
ѦСӸղŵĻҿɶ˰ʰʰ߰ɣ
ѦǱһһʱ״ͰϪѾǴ˽




703¼Ѿ
 

ңУ  ѦĵòɿʱʱһϤѾǴ˵ĶУ  ಣ
Ӱ˵ǰ״ŰϪѾǳ˼˵ĸǰ  ˣ
Ѧж͸һӵ֮ɫ
Ҫ֪֮ǰǿҽȺ͹ҽ󳬼ŶǽΧ˰׵˽ҽ֮ҲûκεĶ  ŸȥҽڣԺܶźͼѾ뿪ߣ  ˸ѦҲǽңеľڣһΪ׿϶׶༪ˣ
ҲΪʲôղѦ˵һ׺ܹҽȵħצĻ˾ˣ  Ҫ֪ҽȺ͹ҽȻĴڣ
¼ĿǰλһĳڣҲ׵ŵˡ
ȻΪ˹ͬ棬˼ұϾǰѾһʹˡ
׿Цŵ٣ҵĳֺⰡ
ǧҪᣬֻǡֻǾЩ˼飡ҲΪε˵
һԵѦֱ׺ܶˣ׵զӳİ
˵ӣ᲻˵СүҪ𣿡鿴ѦһǲӣǴҽȹ߳ģ
߳ģѦȵĿ˵ôأҽȺ͹ҽȵʵ˽ģǿǡ
ҽȵ̫ϳ϶Ǹɵˣǻܷ첻ɣû˵
𺳣  仰ʱ򣬼ĿɿڴѦĿԣӶԷжǿǹӵ֮飡
׿˿ѦٺһЦ˵Ѧղҿ˵Ժһİ㲻˵ɣ
׶ӻЩأһﶮĶ࣬ҼΪľ
ȻҲ֪һһʱԲʵĸԼ⣡  ҪһУ滹ûʲô֣ⷽ  Ȼ˵߾ۼ˲Ǳ޵ˣһЩʵΪǿ֮ˣ⾭̵˻ûУ  ѦȻ˵ңеˣⲢڽǣ  ѦʿˮҡҸղž˵˵ѣ
ӣʦǰɣ鿴ѦһԵѦ¶һ  ǰΪզզԴҽһս֪֮ǿɲǺǵļһ
ССͣȻҽӲҰǼһһɱˣ  ˵նɱҽ̫ϳϣŶо}Ļţ  ǲǣǰҡңŵҲ֪ҪǸһҪҵ֪ˡ
Ѧʵ沢ųףΪף
ϾĲȷԣȻսʤҽȣѦʵ̫ˡ
ȱʲôˣǾǺ۲ˣ  Щźͼ壬һвǵĵλ¾ͻȺ֮ˣ
Լһ˾̫幬ңԺ;̫幬ǧ˿Ƶϵˣ
ѦѦ΢΢һЦҾңŸҲδؾǻ¡
峤վ˵ۣѦû˵զأ
һλȥ֮ȻȰҵ
׿΢΢һЦ˱ڤеİæԺǾ̫幬ǿһЩˡ
峤ǲ֪ѦЩˣ  ôˣѦ΢΢һЦʵӦÿĺҽȺҽ󳬼źǵĶ֣㻹ʲôõĵأ
ǣҪһͳ磡Ѧʵûбס  ̫幬ҪչΪһţпܣ
һͳ磬Ǽֱ̫ˣ
ɴ۾׵𣿡
˵ѦҳĹİ׿Ѧŭһвδ̫
ʵϣ֪˻Ҳǻ£
Ҳ֪ҽȵһ¾̫幬ͻΪĹҲ˵
ǵѣʱȻǻҲһѡĹ̶ѣ
ףгŲ˼飡  һͳ磿ʲô  ׿˿΢΢һЦΪΪߣУ峤ȻѦ˵ˣҲ㣡ڤȻѡ񡭡
ҡ
ҲԥˣֱһģӮ˻Ӯ£  Ҳٲ  װڰֵϣǲģѡȨǣǱļҲܲţֻҪǸңǾҵֵܣκš޹ءǾԼ
Ѧ϶Ǵԥ֮ɫ  һεѡغǼδϣ߻𣡣
ѵľ񣡣
벻񣬾ͿԿó
ȻҲǸѡʱ䣬ʵѦ֮ǰϤκ˶ɲϤϤĲ  ׿ص˵Ʒûģ




704¸
 

ڤʱһᾡȰҸҸˣֻҪҪҶȻȫæ
ԥ֮Լľ
ѡʱ˼Ǳģ  ԼѡʱǳɹʧܣⲢԼܹƵ飡  һ׷ˣٴĿǰģ  ڤѾĵһУҲǱܶ˶ţ
ҪһǿĿ꣬ǱڤнĿꡣ
һͳ磬էһ൱ˣ  ϸһĥ׺Ҳûϣ
һԵѦѡҲǳʵҸĸҪ㣬ֻңŲһ֮ԣҲҸһܹġԡ
Ҹղ˵ˣֻҪѡ񡭡׳Ѧ΢΢һЦ
Ҹ죡죬Ѧڱ˵ҲһûгϢļһٶңΪʲôң
ѦҲҧҧ˵֮ƺһЩ  ˵Ļ΢΢һЦԺǻΪǽѡеģǺǣ
ҲЦЦӣǻ죬ʱͳĺİɡ
ѦҲһЦлǰ
׿Ѧµ𣬾̫幬УѦ¡
Ҳ̧ͷ׵
еģʽΪ֣һǼʽҲڤ̳һһĽģ׳
ĽģһԵ׵ĿҲһ
ôˣ׿΢΢һЦʵ
⽨̳ʵĲ̸Ҫֻм㣬һǵطѡ񣻵ڶǻԴ⣻ǰȫ⣡
ǰҪŪ˵ĻʱҲûˡȻˣҪĻǸӡѦ
ڿҪΪʸ֮ģϾÿһ˵𣬶Ȼ̶ܵͬȵĴѹҿԱ֤ڤһ룡
֣ܹĳŵѾΪˣ΢΢һЦ
һԵЦһߣЩòԼԼôĶ֪
׿˵̫幬ԭ̫幬ؽţʱľ칬δطȻѡŵľ칬
칬ȥһΣҪ콨еġЦŵȷôĵط̳ǣҪĻǵʱһ̳ǰǵطͱǱڤ̳Ҫ屶
ڤ̳ǵȷǷǳĴ󣬱ߵҶҷлҪһֹǾ칬ʵʵڵһŰ  ҪǱ߽һеĻǵطǴЩˣ
˼ֳɵĵطֻҪԼӸĶ̾ͿͶӪˡ
ʱⰲȫҲҪô̫ģϾΪţܶණǷǳȫģ  ֪ڤǷԸҾкأ׿Цʵ
Ҫ̸Ļ̸ҵ̸Цŵ
׿΢΢һЦϧ峤ⲻ𣿡
δұڤһ⣬ҵ϶ǻӭġһЦ
Ȼ˵ĻǿһҪȥ峤̸һ̸ˣ΢΢һЦ֮ǰһҪһ¡
ʲô£Щɻʵ
ǺǣȻԺֵܣҲͲҴˣѦ𡭡׿ѦȻڵһӰɡ
ɴ۾׵˵ڵ֮޷ǰȻ⣿
Щˣ˵ǼΪǿļƷ  ѦٺһЦܹ㿴ϵĶӦǺöûˡ
׿ѦҿͷҾгһɣʱҲø¡һ㲻𣿡
һ㰲ţѦٺһЦ
ʿˮҪó
Ҿ̫幬Գûʽºܼ棬ô˵Ҳøλǣ΢΢Цŵ
һԵҲǺٺһЦǰǵܹһģ

Ҳòϣûĸɽ˼ո˵󰡣  ˣѦңһ£֮ҵھ̫幬ͣ¸һȥڤаɡ
Ҳ֪ѦֱӸԼͲףôһΪѦԼ£  ҲΪѦԼһȻˣһĿľΪңžһѡ񣡣  ȵԼĳ򣬵ʱЩǽͷݿ²Ĵ
ЩǿռЩȴռõģ




705º
 

ڤ̳ǣ
ǱڤеܲڵأڤҶⱱڤ̳棬˵һ̳ǣ˵ҵ˽е̣  磬ҲѿһӴڣ  ۻΰĳǽҲǲò̾ĺŻǲٰ
º
ڤҵʵܹ۾һҲûеģ
ºڱڤеĹȻҲǲĥģ
ºڱڤ̳ڳǵĸլ֮ڣһֶŲ豭һűǣ  峤ˣոյϢҽȴң
һźµӣͷңѰ֮ƺݡ
ºҲ˿ȥһڲ֮Ѫ꣬ҽȴôأ峤û°ɣ
峤ѾҶҷ֮УްѪӳ
֮ǰ㲻˵ҽȾٰʲô֮սҼǸСӵ˵ڼºԼĶû£ҲǳĲ
峤ˣ峤˰Զ䡭Ѫǲ
ºɫһСǳϢ˰ѧ˰
峤ˣʵʵҾ峤֮١Ѫƺ˵ҲЩˣʱһֱڰбġ
ֻԼҲû뵽峤ȻԵ޹ʵ䣬һֱ֪峤Ŀ氡  ĻǵʱǸ׵СӸǲˣʲô°  ŶǺǣѪ갡Ѫ꣬û뵽㾹ȻҲ佱ˡºĿ΢΢бӣѪҲǱһЦ
Ѫ峤ˣҽٷھеնɱնɱٷ֮峤֮ˣ
ʲôҽȵȻ˵նɱ
ºԭĲѾȫˣҲӿֳһĨ֮ɫ  ܹºĳ𾪵飬ʵѾˡ
ɹҽȵɱֱǲ˼鰡
Ѫ꿴ºӣٷ类ɱҽȴɱˣҽȴΪҽȽսȵĽ˴ˣͬҽ׾ŮϪҲһͬˡ
ŶҽҲҪˣ˹ҽȰɣº΢΢һЦҲһЩŵˡ
ֻкܶණǷǳ⣬ҽȵǲӻˣ
Ѫ΢΢ҡͷԭҲ֪֮ս֮ǰҽ׾ȻʱԼŮϪ޸ף
ףƺʲôط˵º˿Ѫ꣡  Ѫǰһʱ䣬Ѫɷ÷ֶ洫Ϣڵλʮ󳬼ʸȡȡǾ̫幬λ̫幬Ҳס
Ŷ鵹ҲǸ飬ŸҲǺ飡̫幬Ķͦ
ºѪ΢΢һЦƺ׵һЩȤ  ѪȵĻں桭
˵СѧҰŹǰɣʲôܲһ˵ꣿ
ºƽʱһһѪ꣬쾹ȻҲ˹ӣҲЦŵ
Ѫһҽ֮˽׺ʦ黹а׾ŮϪǿбƳҽȵ֮󣬹ҽХ磬һͱ׺˺նɱ
ҼǵòĻХӦ徳ĺڰɣºҲǾ徳ڵ˲һ㱻նɱҲ̫һЩ
ѪͷǵģҽֻһУ
ۣ
ºʵû̵סֱӽոպȵĲˣ
º徳۷ĴڣǰһĻǾ߲ε龳ˣ
ҲһΪԸˣֻû뵽˵Ŀ࣡
һʼΪ˺˺ܴŲһնɱû뵽˼ҽһУ  һʲôºоԼ϶ģ
峤ˣһλ֮Ѿ龳ĸ֣
˿̿ԿѪĻºܹһе֮ɫ  Ѫ꣬ºȡ֣
ڤһѪɷõ֯֯þռָ鱨  ѪһǰҽȣԭǴ̽һЩϢؾϢġ
ؾϢû̽ĳǿ𾪵һĻ  ڻ˴ɱķĳĿ  أºѪЩеʵѪΪҽȺ͹ҽҪɱˣǱ֮¾ȻӽҽȵڣٺûκεϢǰҽȵĵҲûдϢ
峤ˣ峤żѾڳǷʻ˵Ҫ
ºһ˳Ѫʱ΢΢ͷ




706
 

ºû뵽ԼĶӾȻôͻˣ
˵ʵºˣԭһֱҪ  Ǻʵûа취ˣУܲܵһû˰ɣ  λ峤ϵ֮£º˸ӣ
⵱˵֪֮һֵĸܣƽʱûģ  ˵Ȣһβ˵ɣȻŮ쳣ºܾòô£  ʵֲҲֻˣºڸоԼӾǹծĸһ  κ˶ܹ˼ΨԼӣʵ̲ģ  ºĸۡ  ֻ׺ԼߣڰϪˣǱĵط  ΪһҪ˵鼫Ϊأ
Ҵ֮ϣºţһԵѪһλվԣ  峤
֮λҲЦеĳ˸к
һԵѪ꿴ʱҪкɵ׺ʱ򣬲һʧ̬ˣ
Ѫ壬þò㲻᲻ʶ˰ɣЩ뿪Ц˵˼Ѫ꿴ԼҲԼкˡ
ºСһγȥϢǰɣ˵μ˸ʲô֮սȻˣΪж㡭
õõã֪ѪѾ˵ˣͲҪڽˣǰ㲻Ǿ˵ΣҪԶԶ㿴ڶ˵ҡ
ƽʱǰ㣬Լϵ˵Щڵĸо  һԵ΢΢ֵ峤
ǣºʵһʱע⵽˺һԵС
ҲʲôʵЩ벻ͨԼⱦӴɵ˹ʲô
ԼϵٺһЦ㲻ʶҹѪӦʶһҲȥô
Сô֪ģºЩĿ˿  ٺһЦҪȻҵϢҲܴôɣѪӦҲǲŻģ
峤ҡǷ峤˵ѪҲΪΣϾ˼ҿǸ
Ѫ꣬ǣº΢΢бѪ꣬Ѫʼ峤ˣλӦþǾ̫幬ԱߵλӦʦ顭

ºԭ֮ϣһ׺ͷʱ֮ɫѾԱˣ
ᣬʵ̫ˣôôأ  峤Ҳ˵ңʵĳ˵ˣ΢΢һЦ
ȻӢŰ֮ǰѪ˵ֻû뵽Ȼôᣡ֪٣кιɰ
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һԵѪҲǳ峤⻰ɲ˵
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707𾪵峤
 

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׺ºֵʱѪһӰ  峤ˡˡ
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˵޷Լˣ
ѪڿҪӡ֤׺˵ʱˣȻ˶ڣҲһˣ  Ѫ峤ˡˣҽޱ䣡λ̫ϳ̱նҽһƬɪΣ
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ºʿˮ˿վǰ˵ģǿλǿߣ  ȻҲΪʲôô˼ľˣ
׿ºЦŵ峤ϢԴǺܶİʵɲˣҷ˰ϪңֱͿˡնɱİ׵̫үү
⡭ºЩ֪Ӧô˵ˣⲻˣ
׿ºһιԭҪһ峤̫幬ո𲽣ٷϴˣҪУڵ峤ϣҪͬ峤һ顭
֪ʵǿᣬҲôһӡ̫幬ҳϺǿҲӦ֪ľַش֮ĵ
ºҲʱףҲ˵һ仰ˡ
׿˿º΢΢һЦл峤ѣȻҾ̫幬ҪЩǱҪġǵѣǾͻǵĵˣ
Цˣֻе˺ѣİ·أ
ºʵһ˻ˮԼĶҪĻʱ۵Ŀ¾ˣ
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׿ºʵ֪峤ʲôҲ֪峤ڵʲôҵǾһжǴҪģʵҪĲ𣿡
һҲͬһ̫幬ôܹȵأºҡҡͷ
Ȼǻ֮䲻Σҿֻʹˡ׿º΢΢һЦ
Ҳ֪ǱڤҲȱʯ̫幬ȱĻҵǿ԰зһ
ºϲͶʣ߷չǱģھͶʽ϶Ҳǲ̫ġ
֮ˣľˣ  ׿ºһЦҵȻ֪峤ȱʯ峤ûҵô֪һܾأ
ҵҪʲôܹºɿڣ˵ұڤпô꣬ʲôĺöûмأ
ºһϣžԵŵģ
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㿴ϵǰǺ»ģҿҲһ֮ˣ΢΢ҡͷ
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ʵһҲԣԼʵ֪֮⣬ʲô֪ء
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΢΢ҡͷºһʧ䣬׵һǿͣ
˼ұڤҸһս棿ºЩƵĿף  Ʋɼõĵ˭ףԼЩԲˣ
峤ĴϻۣӦѾղ˰ɣ׿º΢΢һЦ
ҡºʿˮԥˣ  ׿º΢΢һЦȻˣ龳ԲǽֻǸոտʼ˵ʵʦҸʦµĵҩʵ̫̫ˣɽٵС
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709ºڤ
 

峤ҵѾˣȻˣ˲ϲˣԸҲǿġ
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ʹʹҸطˣ  Ȼ翪УյĿʲôΪ˾ļȡԴ
Դ㹻ķḻһĶɽٷϣ  һͨͨߣȥŶɽٷôأ  ֻҪ峤شԸ߲Ը⣡׿º
ڤк;̫幬ӽʽʼΪ˱ʾҵĳ⣬ͬȥ̫幬ӡ
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ҴڤʱĴݡºӿʼĲһ磬̽˲һʱʱ䣡  Ҳ΢΢ͷ뿪ž̫幬ķȥ  ºȥӣлһļ  ˵ղ׺Ѫ껹ЩĻôǳ׵ˣ  ̸İ˼Ҽֱֱ͵ҩųһ󸻺Ҹˣ  ڵºЩܹһΪˣ
峤ˣĴ׺Щŵʵ
һ磬ȵ̫ˣʱӢˣҳ꣬һᣬʵ̫ϧˣºбһľ⣡  һԵ׺Ҳǵͷǰ۳ȻȷѪ꣡ҽλ̫ϳϾһӰѾΪ˵жд̣粫һѣɹˣͣʧˣԼҺ·ɣҲɶɽ𡭡
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710ִһϱ
 

̫幬
׺˹ʱ򣬴˿̫̾幬ΧһƬǽ壡  սನڳķţȥ̫幬ڵһת
´֮ϣ  ˿״һȺ˽ţҲǸϽ˹ȥ
Ϊ̫幬⼸췢ΪĹ죡
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ѾǾۼ´ҲҪһγȥһЩʲô
ǺǣҾ̫幬Ѿܹ˵Ĺ˰׳΢΢һЦ
ˣ죬ҽȺ͹ҽͬʱҾ̫幬Ҿ̫幬죡
һԵ쿴ЦŵǺǣ֪ΪʲôЩûаĹ򣬾Ȼȫˣ
ЦŵԺ󲻻ٹˣ¾ʹհɣ
ŶѲһǰҽǷ˳ͻʵ
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ЦŵҪ֪칬̫幬ĲҵĻ˵ʲôǱڤҲְԺλգ
仰һ˶ǲĿ˿ף  Цŵһ飬ӼʽΪҾ̫幬ĵӣϣλԺܹ
һһһԵźϣǵͷ
һľ㵣ȻǾ̫幬˵ôô˲أ  ʲôˣʵ̫ˣһݻǱǶǼΪǿģ
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ǷЩǶֻ֣ͦǰλȥЩϡƽˡ
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׿ŴһҶŵùˣҲλؾѾշԣǳʺǺĳԱʱȲȥˣ
һԵؾٶϣԴɲ˷ѵġϼµģֻ߷Ǳ޴ĵʱǲýʱſԸһЩ֮оͻжˣ
ĴֳָԼǣʤ̭һֱɶĹֻû뵽˾Ȼؾˣ
Щ̾Ϊֹ˵֮ǰһ˵ûнؾеźأڿһлᰡ
ǽлᣬЦŵؾƿȨϪУԺһؾϪ˰ɣ
Ϫû뵽Լһ׾ȻͽԼôҪ飡
һɱӵĸоȻƺҲоԼǸˡ
ϪݺݵĵͷֻҪ˵һϸִУ
Цŵһ֮ϵ˶Խ룡
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Ϫһھ̫幬ûô࣡
һȤʱ򣬸˾ۻһ㣬ðϪԭŵһӾͷ




711H9
 

̫幬
ߴһӣڼ˾̫幬
ҲǾһӲӦӦḶ́Ͼ׽磬ͺܶνһ
ϵĵԽԽ֪࣬һչʱڣ
ʱҪľһĸֳʱܹһͳ磡  Ȼˣһͳ粢Ŀģ  һͳһͳδɽжӰ  ײãҪͨһͳѰҸ˲ţ  ЩʵȻɲûУ
ΪԼãһӷ˼֪ϻһЩˡ
ܹھһǶԺɽͶһݵİգ
ؾĪ̡ΡС塢ԼϺ͸̵Ľ룡  ǵٶֻԽԽ죬ҪؾϹؾŨ̶Ѱ˸޷ģ  ѦڼҲѾ˾̫幬СҲΪ˾̫幬һԱ
Ѧרųﱸе飡  ׼ܹ鶼һ飬Ȼ˲ٵĵҩˡ
ת֮УƺҲûʲôˣ뿪˾̫幬  ̩꣡
ǸСһû֤ǲõģ  ʱΪһֱھ̫幬ֻһֱûʲôźţ  ɵ׽ʱȴԼֻƺһ㣡
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ղŸ˼˶ţСڳԼ߸أ֮ǰһֱϼŵģ  ײûȥϼţΪýռܲԼҲǱȽϷĵģ  ټϻ˼ҲǱ߰ţϻױƷ֮Ǿûκεģ
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׿Ż˼ͷСһģҹ߰˸㶼򲻹һ
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ͷ۵Ĵ⣿ʲô⣿׿Ż˼ʵ
СôҴҵĸϹ϶Ϊ飬ʵԼˡ
Ͷʵ飬Ӧö˻ӭģ  ӣ˼һﻹ£ɫ׸о񲢷ʲô飡  ˼ףɫһΣˣ
Σˣң׸о⻪˼֪Լжһʵ֪˼֪Լ߰  ģҲˡһH9ڽʮʡݱȻÿʡĿǰֵĲرĶ࣬H9ǿǾдԵġ
˼ɫŨصĿףȷԳ֮ΪһҵΣ  ЩûƳЧĿƷŵʱǾѼģ




712ɽׯ
 

̩궥ĳ׷ڣ
˼ϵɫ쳣ϾH9飬˵ƺҲǳĲģ
˵˼һ쵽üĸʲô׿Ż˼΢΢һЦ
˵簡鱬֮˭ҵ˶ĵطȥһҪǵù˱Ⱦô죿ǻŷ⼸Ҳһǧɰ
˼ǵԼĿˮʵǾЩƣ
׿Ż˼ʵʲôʱ򱬷ģ
һǲ֪ĿǰһЩѾǿѹȥˣΪľǲɿֻţ˼
ȻңɻڹҵĿƷΧ֮ڣ  ԭǰѾҪףκôҲҲףʹ绰˻˼
˼һף
ʵҲûа취İ취ĿǰĵרѾ۽ΪľǾĿܲƽH9  ׿Ż˼⼸ȥϼҽʦţɽźŲǺܺãһֱûнӵ绰
ָ簡ԽһĶ͹ˣҸ˵⼸Ҷûи뿪Ӧÿ϶ġ
˼Ҳһ˵غܶ˵ҲغŻŷŵ˰
ĿǰΪ飬ŷŵĹɼ۴һңе֮Ķӵģ  Щʱ˻ûа취ֹģ  H9ôֵģʵ
ʵҹڷֵģǴAǱȷֵģAҲ֪⻹⣬ȻһЯ׻ƾڣһ˷ɻϵĳ˿ͻ϶ǱȾˣ
˼ȥӦǱȽϵΣˣ  Ļ˼Ҳһ̬ȣͻ¼κ˵¶Щֲġ
ʵһʼϵҲûףȻ׵ҽȽϵĸ߳
H9͵Ĳֻ˽Ĺ죬по䷽
A߹ģǱߵֹˣ
ײδվĳҵϾһС͵ѣڲǰ̸ʲôģʵЩˣ
Ҫ˵һ㣬AĿǰѾоһֿH9硭˼
ƣǳ׵ƻ߷𣿡üʵ
˼΢΢ҡͷڻĿǰȫ緶Χھ˵ʮѾH9ĿǰAӹҹ
ǰٶԶԶһ˵󣬲ʵǣղ˵AѾƳ磬Ըṩ𣿡ʵ
ɣָǸṩ磿ʡʡɣ˼΢΢ҡͷ˵ˣǸֻܹһȾãҲ𲻵ð
ܹṩ䷽ĻܹҲһͷյĻᰡ΢΢һЦ
˼ʵЩҲǺĿ¾Ǻˣ
׵ͷھȥҺϺˣһЩҲǺõġ
һгɽׯķ򼲳۶ȥ  ЩҲǳϳһĸоH9ıѾǺüûкúõ˯һҹľˣ
ڹҵļĵרڲϵоH9磡  Ϊʱأܶ鲢ûô򵥣Aܹô̵ʱƳһƵʵѾ൱Ĳˣ
˼ĳʻɽׯĳر֤ͨԸûκ˵
ڳϵ鵹һĵȻԼʦ׽ôĲģǷǳ⣡
ʵϣһ˻ƶŷǳõİģ
һƺЩƮ Ҳ˵ģĺԽൽʱ˾Խǿ  ϵĿڣ׵˹ˣҲǸϽ£
ϣ֮ǰѾ֮ǰҪ˵һ飬Ĺû˵˼źϳ
׿źҲȻϣH9Ѿ˵ˣӦô仰ɣ
СְҲǲͶҽˣڲϵɢȻѾ˲ٵˣÿ컹ӣᶼоЩһҪܲʲô취
һǼͶҽԼ˵ʵûа취ĻҲôġ
Ȼղ˼AǱߵ絽ڻûṩҹH9Ǳߵ˴ģ
ڽ桭΢΢һ̾ǵļ̫ˣ
ϵĻ֮ҲɫAҲ̫Ҫ˰ɣ  龹Ȼ׬Ǯֱһ˵ľûˣ




713޳ܵA
 

ϼҵĿڣ  ֮⣬˵ı鵹ԵЩߣ
ױϾ׻ˣ鼴ĸ֣Ҳ൱ߵģ  H9һˣû뵽AȻ׬Ǯ  ֱ˷ָ
׳ǾȻҪǮֱ޳֮
AǱ˵ǻ˼ʮƳģҲܰװ׵͸ˣҹҪĻҲԣǮ򡭡ϳ
Ǯ׿źʵ
ֵ̯̯۸ʵ̫ˣһһ֧Сְǹ˿Ҳ֪ģʮ˿ڣÿ˶һ֧Ļôһһǧ𰡣
ģҲ̫˰ɣֻһˣǸûκεļֵ˼
ϵѵͷȻҪ취ȹѣᶯڹ˵Ҳһ£ϣܹÿ֧ʮԪҵļ۸£ȻǷǳĳһɢʱ밡
˵ĵȷĿǰҶڵǵ飬ΪH9ıѧУͣΡ̳һŵ״̬  ˳СĵȵȵȵȣֻҪ˶ĵط϶ûʲôˡ
ܶ˶ڼҲҳţǳҲ˸ָķʩ
ҩ۳ϵ˵ԭһмǮĸðҩҪٿǮˣ
ֲһʱĻʱҵľÿɾҪٱΣˣ
Ѿصĵز𣿡ü˼˵Ѿõ𣿡
ƹһֱǻʱ˵䲻һĻøֻ㷢˾֪ˡڵĿֻžôġ
ҲΣתʵ̫̫ˣܲץ˰ɣ
οҲ㲻ʲôɢҥ֮ģȷֻҪȶ
ƣҪȶҲЩˣ  ˼һԵAЩ磬ֻҪǵܹЧĿ飬ñ˰İֻҪ˴ȾʱһоͶָˣʵ̫̫ˣ
̸ʮһ֧ĻҲǧڵ׻ƱҰɣڹҵľҲһСĴ׳
Ͽ׵СְѾѯ˺ܶҽҽרңǶûκεİ취˵һεH9κβͬ
˺ϣȥҽԺɣ׳
ȥҽԺôܹ֪H9ôأ  У
ϵһʱͷ񶨵׵뷨ʵ̫Σˣ  һԵĻ˼ҲָͬôH9ĿǰνҩҽһմȾ˵ĻСû˰
û£Ǿͷİɣ΢΢һЦ
ָ磬㲻ĴҪȥɣĺΣհ˼Ҷ֮ȥ˸ɶ˼Щˣʵ
һԵ鿴Ż˼ʦ粻ȥĻôȥоأ
ЩĿ˿λСǣ
ϣλҵʦ飬ҲǾͨһЩҩ֮ǷİɣҽȻԼµģ
׿źϣдǿţССĲôѵأ  ԿѾҲǳҪȻҸһȥɡ
ϣǻǲҪȥˣҸʦܹȥˣָӣҪ˺ϢĻҲᾡ֪ͨģЦŵ
һԵĻ˼ָ磬Ҹһȥ
СӾЪЪɣŪÿҪ˵ġЩŻŻ˼
ʵϣôû˼أֻЩûǹһ±Ƚϵĺã
ϺǸжĿ׵Сְû뵽£㾹Ȼͦʵ˸ж
װڰֵϣͱҴñ˰ʱϵͺˣ
ϵͷɣʵҪȥĻҲҪܱĵطˣֱȥеڶҽԺˣĿǰзֵĶʮ˶Ժأ
ԺУ֪ˣ׵ͷ鿪Ż˼ĳ뿪ߣ
ڣ  鿴Цŵ˵ʦ磬׽զôأ
ǺǣϾҵĹ磬ԺҪɽ磬һл𣿳ڻʱ䣬ΪԼļһЩײ𣿡
һҵ֧ͦʦģЦŵʵԵԺлŷǳİģ
ţѣκ鱾ϵĲ˵ˣⷲҲˣԭҲǷ˲κһǷ˻ˣһû˭ʱ䳤һЩĶһЩͲ˲𣿡
׵뷨ܼ򵥣ЩͰˣ˾ͱҪ취ȥ




714Եı
 

׵ĻҲΪͬ
κʵһģҪΪߵ͹ĻôǿҲǵͼ֮ˡ
Ϊɽ绹űǻҪϵĴڲ  ôЩ˵УԼǲǾͲˣ
Ȼ˵ڲʱ̣ȴһֹ
ţʵܺŪ鿴΢΢һЦ
Ŷ׿㶼а취ˣ
ղЩڣ˵𣿡΢΢һЦܼ򵥵ģڶĴռһЩ߿ƼЩǺܲġֻҪȾ˲ͨɨһ¾OKˡ
ô򵥣ԭҪһ򣬿ڿƺѾڽˣ  ʦ磬Ϊʲôôӵ鰡֮ǰ˵ߵʵЩ̫Ƚٺ٣
ҲǺٺһЦʵ˵Щ鶼ʲô£
ͦϲ׽񾲵ģһ飬ɳǺѾûκεˣ
ߣȥԺ˵ɣ׳ЦţһųŽеڶҽԺķ򼲳۶ȥ
еڶҽԺ
˿ڶҽԺѡһפH9鲡ҽ
ص飬ڶҽͻʿ˵ǾԲϣԼΪǸҵˣ
Ȼܶ˶֪ҽԺҲȡӦķʩʩȴܹ֤ٷ֮ٵĲܹȾ  ܹ֤ĻôЩ˿νˣ
ϾҲһҶĻ᲻  ׺ԺʱѾӣ  ʱԺĴЩأЩϢһٴеĸо
ԺĿǰָH9Ⱦ߸ҽԺҪҲѡҽԺˣ
˭ԸԼģ
һЩͷվȺŰ״ӵ˵ĸǰſ֣ȥ쳣СĽ
Σͷ˭ôɵH9ڻûƳԵֿƵǽȥڰװ𣿡
ǰΣǰɣǿɲȥ
ǰΪʲôƫƫͰҽԺأ˵ˣҽԺҽ豸Ҳȫõİɣ
ЩĲһǣһϴգҲΣ
µ˷ǵĹ۵㵹ǱȽϵһ£ǾǶԸȥ  ͷҽҲһְҵһֹʵְҵѣ
˿˵ʲôʹҲˣΪڵҽԺʱֻǮġ
ͬ־ǣҽҪǰʹϣʱ׵ʱ˰
Щĳ˵˾Ȼû˱ҲǷˣ
˵ΰ㻹վ˵۰ҪȻһԣҲǿ쵼ĸ߷ڰ
һŮ˿ų˵ӣҲЩڿ̵˵
ߡƽʱһкôʱҪʱôˣ
ʵҲǷģҪסСԼѲɾͲҪסԼСȻҲɵ  ׿ǰӣҲ΢΢һ̾ҽҲֻܹ˵Եıˣ
ϾͷǺƽҪ»ˡ
ʧ֮ʣһŰ״ӣŮͷΪ崿ŮȺ˳
ΣԸȥ
Ůȥᣬ״ȴԿóһ˿˿ľ
̳˰
ҽչûʱ䣬ҪƴҲʱ򰡣
̳㲻ô嶯鰡
СҪҪ˰һȥ밡
һǰŮҪȥʱ򣬼˶Ŀ̳
Ϊ̳Ǹ۲۵ĴŮЩԭ˼ǣһҲڣ  ̳˿˵ҪȥĲ𣿲֪˭Ըһȥģ
һܣƽʱЩòȻ콲ŴЩҽǣһĶ֨ˣ
οһţһ̫ˡ˼һձҵСﶼ簡
˱θ˵࣬˿ֺγһأ  һ˽ȥӦţʱҲһ
Ҫ֪һοȥϲ˰Щڸˣʵûʲô󰭣
Ρ̳˶ԸȥҲüѲɾһ˽ȥʮôæùҲ˽ȥɣ
ǸһµС֯Ϻܿ㣬ıⲻһֱûнȥˣʱıһ취ȡ
ΣҲʲôƣܲ¡̳ųЩ˵
εдһ˿׽̳ҽԺӢۣʲô㾡˵ֻҪľ޶




715ҽ
 

׾ôһȺ˶һСȻСֵԵĸУ
κεĿģһľȾֵÿ϶Ĳ
΢΢ҡͷ׵κһ磬˶Ƿǳϡٵģ
ǰԽԽԵܿɹ𣿡΢΢һЦ
ͷ˵ʵ˹Ŀ࿴ղһΪھʱһ㶼ѡ棡û뵽λﾹȻѡһ֡
Ҳȥȥʵڲо͸λһȥɣ׳
Цŵʦ磬Ӳģ˭İ
룡  ̳ϳֳһĨԥ֮ɫ֪ԼӦòӦ˵  һ̳ͦʵһԼǸҽʱӦվ  һ棬ҲŲѵĿԣ  ԼĸʵڶԺֻ̳һֱû͸ҽԺ˶ѣ
ĸ׵زҪһʲƵҽҩѣɶڸոչ̳˵Ǿһ㣡  ʵһַԼĸףǾһǮ˼ˣ
ûôһŮҽԺ̳ʵԼڶĲ
ԼҽԺܹԼ˵ķϣܹȸԼĸƣ
ҽҩѣԼڵĹĻģ
˶ע̳һЩҽҲΪ̳̾Ϣ  ̳ڽĹѧҵҵôһݹƯڿ죬ܶ˻Ǻϲģ
Ƕû뵽ɵ쾹Ȼֽɱѡ񣡣  ̳ҧҧ˿εΣġ
˵꣬Լ뷨˵һ飬˼ϣԺܹԼĸףƵķ  ΪһӸòôǮȻԺĹ涨Ǯβ  ̳ĻҲü̳ܿĸ׵⣬ǻĿһµģҲ֪ҽԺĹ涨ֻܹ㾡ȡҪ˱ְһH9飬ֵһκûᰡ
ιȻϹٳ֮ʲôŵҲûи̳÷׵ʱҪף  Σҡ̳Ҫ˵ʱĳη·ץ̳ʲôѱһСҸղѾ˵ǻһµģǽȥЩĴȾߡ
ߣĲҪ׿ųЦҽҪӣҪƷ
˭㣿ôǳ˵أһҽһô˵̺ü۵Ŀ
бѧѧ˼ҽҲ䴩״ӣ˶չˡЦһպʱǻ
㵽Ǹʲôģ׵ĻҲ쳣֪һĵϸûзŭ
˾ǵ͵Ц滢һ֪㲻ʱ򣬵ʱ³ܾͻǳĲң
ֱĻĹʺóҲȥƨģ
ǽæ־Ըߣ
־Ըߣεɫһ䣬ſƺʲô־ԸߣǺû־Ը߰ɣ
H9鱬ȫעͨҲϣһԼౡ֮ЩҽһҽȥЩ־Ը߸ң
׿Σг˱֮飡
׻Ƶᣬ˵Ҳҷˣ±˶Ǯʲôģ  ˻ǱȽϵĶ࣬ʵһЩ̳ҽ˵Ļķˣ
ΣȻҪ־ԸߣǾѽ
ղǸ׳ҽ¶һ˿â׾Ȼô˵˵Լպأ
Ҫȥ鿴ʲôǾȥˣ飬һ˽ȥǾһв  ɣ޳ܣ
ʱЩŵĻεĶܣȥĳΪʹ
̳˿׺һԵ飬ɫȻ˵Բ־ԸҲܽȥοŸӣ
Ů㣬Ҳ£һϵĻ൱ĵλģ  ׿˿̳΢΢һЦҽղŵľٶĸжңͳҲһȥ
У̳ҡҡͷΣ˲ǵҽԱȥпܸȾH9ǳȥ
ֱ
̳Щ֮ˣŮھҽ
һŮȫǰ࣡  Ҳȫ֪֪ǹҵҽʵͨȴΰ󣡣




716½
 

Ժڣ
ûзղһĻĻλпܰ׺֮⣡
Ͼʱʲô־Ը߲ʲôһҪǱȾ˵ĻʱʱҲҪеεģ
Բô׸ղǵôҽ
ܹưոݣ
ҽH9ˮޣʱ˳ߣǶһֹ谡Сţǽȥ
ε˼ڳЩûһģҪѿ  ˿ײҪŮǰװһװѣͷ治ģ  ̳ҲΪԼĸûþˣŲͶҽĽȥˣ  ̳Щˣ׵㡭ٲߣ͵źڰɣ
׿̳ʼҲ˭أ
ʵҲǺ̳Цѣ̳ԼûнȥҲǱҪȥġ
뾡ĽһЩ˶жһΣգ  ߣ㲻װӢСӣָǸŵҽһ
׺ͳǸķ˹ȥ̳һѾ˸ıԵҲǶ˶ţȻ׷ȥ
˲רҵҽҲרҵĻʿǹȥܸʲôأ
ʱԼæˣ»ˣ뵽ߣҲһͷۣ  ǸСָָԶſڵ֣
Ȼವһ˾ʧӰˣ׺һۣҲһЦ
ſڣ  ̳׺ĳ˵ǿ»֪H9ǴôΣ
Ȼ֪ǺǣH9鴫ȾԼǿĿǰûиεķķ綼ûоǰɣ׿̳΢΢һЦ
̳۵֪Ϊʲôǻ
㲻Ҳ𣿡׿̳ЦŵҪҵΪĸףҿ϶ǲŵġ
ʵҾҽʱӦվЩôϣ˵ɵʵҼصһݶҽҵִŶѣ
̳˿ҲǸ˵һЩԼﻰЩЩͬǰǲ˵ġ
һΪԼɵԼ㣡
ҲϣԼĵһݴܵ˵ɣԼĸ׵飬ʵҲǽˣ  ˣҪܹȻĸףҲԼǰТˣ
Ĵָҽ˵ʵҽҼһûм
̳֪ǣ˿һһУѾǱ¼
ǸҲ֪ ղһһУҲѾǱ¼ ֻûʱ˶ѣ
̳̾һȰһΣľղų˵ģͺˮûκεǽȥаٷ֮ʮĸʱȾ
ҵĻͬȲǸˣȻûҽʸ֤Ҳ洫ѧϰҽģǲǹҵģ෴ǹæġ˳㿴ܲзH9
˵ҲУһǹĿľΪ˵õH9ĸԴݣȻݵĻ䲡磡  ̳ЩԾĿ׵û뵽ǾȻҽ׾ˣȻѾȡ壬Ǿ߰ɣڽȥ֮ǰλϸ
˵̳꣬Ѿǳ׺ľϹΣ  ײδֹ̳̳ΪʲôϹʵΪԼиж
׵У̳γǸжԼأ  ڣ  ÿһ䶼סһȾߣסһʵҲΪ˲ǲ
̳׺һȦߵڶʱ򣬷һѾɫƣ;ƿݵĸо
ã˿첻ˣ̳ɫһȴžҪܹ˭ƳĻǾͺˡ
ǽȥɣ׿һԵ
㡭ҪȥȫǶǲһȥ»̴Ⱦİ̳ҡҡͷ
ҽǽܾܲεɣǻ粻أǺǣҲЦŵ
̳ҧҧǡǽȥɣ
ʵҲǴһ˿˿ĲϾʱ˭ֳԴһ棡
űƿˣ
׿첽ĳ˵ķ˹ȥѾ˲ĵزˣòʩ˵ˣ
ܿ죬׵ĽѾû˴˵ڣ
̳һԿ׾ȻֱӾͿʼҽδˣҲһһﲻ
H9ǿҽĽܹ֮  Ļ֮ǰǼλҽ̩ߵʱҲô޲ˣ




717²ŵ̳
 

֮У
̳һҡͷΪѾǽ֮ˣҲûֹף
ӦҲѧҽˣ̳Ҳѧҽģ  Ϊҽþҵѧҽ
ʵҽǷǳȰģֻΪȣǼҿɾһŮ  ȫ˽Ͱ͵ĹӣΪľǹԼ顣
Լ׶ˣҲҪΪһЩʲô  ҲΪʲôղôݵһԭ
ǽַ϶ѧˣҪȻҲô  ֻ̳Що֣ײϵý˵ѨλصĴţҲ֪ʲô  һԵôţҲûţ  ڵĲϵųһŷһѾʼ䷽
ܿ죬䷽ѾԺγˣ
ײδ֣ͣץҽεĻ¾԰ˡ
һʻԼĸǰôҪʧˣҲǾȻӦģ
֮Уϵѹſռ֮еĲЩΣ  һѹЩ׵ʧ֮У̳ҪȾ¶ûˣ
š
Ǹ˷һ֮ɫҲǽıú
̳ɴ۾ǰһĻЩʧôܣЩתˡ
鿴̳΢΢һЦʦֵʦ洫ҽǿ൱ģ
ҲΪ״ۣҪȻʱǲýͣ  ̳̾Ŀ㡭ǵʦ˭ô
ʦһλεˣʲôʵҲ֪ô˵ɣһûп͵ʦϵء
⻰˵һ㶼죬νʦֲڣ˵ˣڲʲôĲ͵׵ϣģ
̳΢΢ҡͷҿɲţҾͲŰ֢Ҳܿĺã
Ǻǣ˵ˣ͵ʦϵûһ˵ģһظ
̳ЩֵĿ㡭㲻ƭ˵İɣH9Ҳܹκã
ʱѾˣ
ĺһʦܣǱôˣ
Ѿûˣ׵˵һԵ̳Щˣ  ׳̳ЦŵҽӦûˣH9ƷҲѾҵˡ֮вŹġ
̳ü֮У
֪׿̳Ĵ۾ҲЦʵ
ҲǣҾЩѣ̳Щڲĵ˵
׿̳㲻Ҫĸ׵ĲʵԺӦòõҽԺɣ
ţԺ϶õҽԺ̳ʵҶ֪ҽԺõҽԺ˵ûйϵǸȥģҲûǮԺҹĵطչҲ㲻ǣ
ɣһˣҰ취׿̳Цŵ
ߡ̳Щԥ˵
׿̳Ҷ˵ˣѾҵİ취ˣҪȥһЩһ£ҩЩɣ
˿Ѿǵݹһֽףֱӵݸ̳
̳˿ЩŵĿʵЩǺͨĲϣ߶ǣЩܹH9
ǵóĽǿԵġ׿̳΢΢һЦκҩԹ˲ܹ֪𣿡
̳Цŵǿ϶İһǲžЩܹH9
̳治ţ
H9ôƵĻǻҪȵǹ
ǶҽѧרҿɶǱأŽӾ˵Լҵķˣ˵ȥ˭Ű  һĿ̳ﶼศɣҲ˵ģЩͨճһɵĵҩͲͨˣ
̳һӣ΢΢һЦСëӣװʲôذ
оԼһֻڶζˣ  һԵ׿ʱҲǲһûЦſ£ҪõĻЦˣ  ̳˽ȥһСʱĹ˾Ȼ嶼ˣ  Щԭ̳ڱһָָ㣬ƺ˵̳ʵҪװ  Ҳ룬Լ̤ǸûУʲôʸ˵أ  ǱװһСʱҲǳŸָķղ
бµĻҲװһԣ
ͷûУǺ۲̫࣬Щ˿̳ʱҲǶԶԶġ
̳Ⱦִ֮ȾԼ
̳ҩܿЩ˾ͰҩŪˣҲһӾͳ˳ȥ  Ǹο̳ȥʱҲǷһ˿â
ΣǼҲ֪ûбȾǡȻ˽뿪ԺǸҽų̵
Цһץ˵ҵҪ⼸˵ҽԺʲô
Ǹ̳ĸ׵¡ҽųʵ
ߣΪԼȥһСʱֵʮѰΣ֪ͨǴҪסԺá
˿̳һ
˿̵̳ȴ׺ĳ뿪˶ԺȻҲ֪ȥʲôط  Ķ׺һЩȤôø룬Ǿܹ֪ôH9ˣ  Ҳ̫˰ɣ




718¸˹ʹ
 

ɽׯ  Ϻͻ˼һֱߵϢ˵ڼеϣ׵ϣ  Ϊÿһε漣״ģںڶ׶ĪΣ  ϣҿһָҲаô̵ʱڣôƳȵķأָѧҽH9ʲô¶֪
˼źϣҲ΢΢̾һ
ʵ֮ҲǽޱȵģѲɾͲϣܹϢ  ΢΢ŵ˫ۻЩһϣҲǺõĲ𣿡
ҲԣָĶ࣬˵Ҳϣأ
˼⻰ľǰοԼţʵԼԼ˵Ļ  ϵղŸ߲绰ѯ˴£ĿǰֻܹиЩѾȾˣܵĲȺȾ
˼ǰڵĿֻɶҪԭ򣬰ĵͬʱҲҪԴͷ
Ѿ׼ǮAˣϳ
ʲôļ۸Ƕ٣˼Щ𾪵ĿźϣźҲһεӣҲ֪ΪʲôղźϽ绰ͽ˫ˣ  ģһAפ¹ݴʹ˹ҪǢ̸¡˵ʱҲЩۣɲİ  ˸ȥ𣿺ϣҪȻǵһȣܲƳɣ
˼Ще˵˵ۣΪһͨϰգ  һ˵ҪAҲ൱۵İ
һлҪ̸еĽҰȫȨҸ𣬲ո߲˼ܳ𣡣
Ҳ˵һ׼ֻۣҪĻô϶ҪٶȰģ  ϣҲøָһЩʱɣ˼Ще˵
ϵͷ̸Ҳһģ߲ʱ䣬Ǿ֮ǰһ죬ǹɵľʧͻһ֣һӦ֪İɣ
⡭ҵȻ֪ǡ
˼ǸƣʵĹ滹൱İģֻһֱûչֵĻѣ
壡  Ͻ˵绰绰ͷֻ˵˼Ȼ͹˵绰
˼ЩɻĿ˿ϵϣҪҪһرһ£
ҪAפĴʹ˹ѣҲǿԵģϳ
˼ҲǵͷϼȻԼߣ˵Լ֪Ҳûʲô飡
ܿ죬һ𷢱ۡƤܰ׵Ѿ˺ϵס  AפĴʹ˹AĿǰںܶط¹ݣиеͶѣ
⽭¹ݼ൱ĸߵģһθ˹Ǵģ
Ǹ׻ƹ̸УһH9磬׬ȡ߶󣡣
Ȼȥǳףɹ֮ô£
ϣ  ׻Щ꾭òϵڷɣѾЩвAĵλˡ
ҲԭAôܷŹһʹ׻Ƶĺûأ
ϡ
˹ʱֻһˣ˶ڳҲ֪֪ԽԽã
˹ּˣ֮ϣ˿ûվӭӸ˹˼
һ⽻ֶΣϾҪͨķʽԼĲ  κһ⽻ǵ飬һ㶼ᱻŴЩʹǳɾһǻ᲻֪⵽ʲô˼  ϣӭҰ˹΢΢һЦЩԳ˵
˹ʹǴA̸е𣿡ϿŸ˹
˹ͷʵҲ룬ͳҲִܹУ
Ȼ˵ĻԹɣϳ
˹˿˼ȻźϵȷҪõڳ
ֲʲô˵飬Ȼǰ鿴ǼǶڳأ
һ˵ûи˹ǰ飡  ˹ЩεһЦȻ˵ĻǾͿʼɣϣһ˵ļ۸ǵôˣ
һһ֧𣿡ϲм˵Ѿ˵ǵıˣʮһ֧ǵļޣ
Ȼ̸ǾҪЩⲻ𣿺ϣһǳõϢͳΪ˵ľѾͬ⽫һһ֧磬½ʮһ֧ǵĵߣ
˹ź΢΢һЦ·˶ôòһ㣡  ʵϣAԭʨӴ󿪿ڣ˵ļ۸һԪĳɱ  ϿŸ˹ɣҸһô
ϣʮһ֧ǵĵߣͬĻҲûκεİ취˹ʼ磬ȻҲ֪Ѿ˾޴ò
ˣ  һ𣬻˼Ӧָˣȥš




719¸һϢ
 

׵ĳɽׯʱ̳ҲŵЩ³ˣ  ׿̳ӣҲЦЦҽôˣ
⡭ʲôطôоվڰ̳ЩƵ˵
Цŵһλ˼סĵط֮֮һܺ㲻ɣ
ҲǣҲ£ǡ
̳ЩӲ˵ʵһСأ  ׺̳˺ϵסȻ壡  ˼ſ׻һҽҲǵڸAפĴʹ̸顭
΢΢ͷУȽȥɣ
˺һȫ˺ϵķ䣬Ͽ׵˽Ҳ΢΢ͷʾ£  һԵ̳ϵʱ˶ˣ  ǿǾеﰡǰʱοεʱ򣬻ᵽأ  û뵽ȻطȻ˺ϣһסˣ  ̳һļвĵأ  ˹ź˿ˣҲǲˡ
ֻҪϾûĻôҲνֹغһܵ飬Ҳǿйܵģ
ҪйܵĻʱAǲģһʹõļˣ
£ϿŸ˹˹ļ۸ǾԲܹܵģ
ʮһ֧ѾǷǳıˣϣ׻߲òĻǻûа취̸ȥˣ
˹ҲһźĿźϣʵ̽׻Ƶĵ߶ѣ  ͳͼֻжʮһ֧Ҫǣ
ܹ׬ʮһ֧ĻԺǰ;ǲģ  Ȼ˹ûг⣬Ҳûκεİ취ˣʮһ֧ǾԲܽܵģ
ϣ׻߰꣬׻Ҳĸ꣡ʮһ֧ܹͼۣ
˹һҪߣҲ̻һת
ֻƭţοǺȾ֮أ
˹ĵ׼۾ԲʮһʮֵҲڲϵ̽Ÿ˹  ʮһ֧Ȼǲܵˣ  ϿŸ˹΢΢һЦ˹һֱǻǿ̸ȥģҪôۿģûа취̸ˣȻ̸УӦ̹
ϣ⡭Ѿòˡ˹΢΢ҡͷ
ϳҰҵĵҲ˵һ£֮Ը̸УҲԼĵ׼۵ġǵĵ׼۾Ƕʮһ֧۸ǲܿǵģ
ʮһ֧ϣ⻹Ҳ̫һɣ˹ȴһпһ˿˿Ľ
ʮһ֧ѾԲˣ
ϳҴĲҸˣһӦҲ֪ġһ𣬼׻ҲǳԲģ
һҵǷǳҪȻɣʮһڼۣһȥҲһ
˹νʮʵϴʮһ֧˶ʮһ֧
һҲѾĽӽԼλ
׿Ÿ˹ʵλ
˹Aפ¹ݴʹϿ΢΢һЦ
׿źϵϣ̸ʲô
ˣǹҴ£ûǲòĺã˹
ϰڰֵ£ȻǹҴ£ҲйصĴ£׻Ƶÿһ˶зȨ
ϣⲻҪ̸еӣ˹̬ȳһ˿İ
׿Ÿ˹Ҳ㲻ʲô̸аɣAһ޳֮ٶѣH9ѾȫӣԴAܲɵģҹҲΪɵģǾȻҪǮԵH9磬ǻǵı
ϣ˭ô˵Ҫεģ˹Щ˵
΢΢һЦڵ˹
ϣûг̸ˣȻ˵ĻҾ͸ˣ˹
̵˹Ȼ˵Ļҿǻ̸ɣҵļ۸Ҳһ¡
ûʲôÿǵģ׻ƼȻҪ磬ֻܸҺˣ˹
׿Ÿ˹΢΢һЦȻҪˣҸһϢH9Ѿҵˣ
H9ҵˣҵ˻Ҫǹ磿Ϊɵô
˹׵ӣһţһҪڲƭԼŶûУ  С֣ղ˵ʲô
ԭЩ»ҪϺ죬ɵ˵ⷽҵʱ˶ˡ




720Ļboy˹
 

ɽׯϵס  ϴ˿һĿףӶЩ΢΢Ĳ  Ϊµģղٷ֮ٵȷ˵H9Ѿҵİ취  ҵİ취ʵ̫̫ˣ  Ϊһʮ˴磬ʵЩ̫Ӵ󣬶һϵͳԵḶ́  ʱAС£ǾͺĹлᱬ飡
ĻǵʱͻһֻŽ׶Σ  ԲҪ飬ʵ׻УAѲɾû𣿣  Aν磬ʵϾ˵Чֻµʱ䣬Ҳ˵ҵH9ĽĻǵʱһֵΣ  ˹ղһ˵ѾҵH9ʱ϶ǲŵģ  ţȴҲû߿  Ϊ׿ƭԼӦòƭˣϾԼ׻ˣ
׻ҵĻʱ÷ˣɲҪ鰡  ˹ĺܣH9һĻǶڱõĸվҪһ죡  ˭ϣԼҵľأ
̳׵Ļһûϵһﲻ˵ⷽһ׶
һʵ鶼ûʵ飬źϺʲô˹ʹ澹ȻѾǿ˺ڣҲŲǰ  ֲСӣѲһ˵Ļͻţ  ̳ѾǣһпҪŭأ  ׿źϵϣʲôʱƭأһη黹ΪʦܵĹͣЩо͸
ʦܣСЩ𾪵Ŀ飬ôŶоЩ֣
鿴źЩţ˵ҶѣҶѣ
ָ磬СPҵķɣ⡭Ҳ̫ǰ˰ɣ˼Ҳ𾪵Ŀ飬ȻЩ˼飡  ׿Ż˼ʵˣʦܶⲡҩо
΢΢һЦˣȻH9ˣôȻпİ취ӿ϶ãǾͷĺˡ
СְҪȷûʵ飿Ҳһĭʵ
Цŵûʵ飬ʮӼɣ
˵꣬׺֮ǰ̳еĶȻܵ˺ϵĳ棡  ϴ˿̿˹˼˹ʹǵʵĳɹĻôǿ¾ͲҪAˣ
˹̶ЦǣõĻǻùϲ׻أ
ͿͰɣϿŸ˹
ϣʵѰH9ķҽܹۼ֤һ漣ĻҲ޺ˣ
˹һϵģʵϺѲɲ֪
һǵһ׵Ƴ䷽Ļʱûа취ˣ
ȻҪ¿һǾͿһɣ
⸥˹Ҫ·߾ˣʵֺγҪ·߾أ  һ׵ʵʧܵĻʱ⹺ĳҪİ
鵢󲻵ãҲԲܹȻһģ  ԼĪһСʱʱȥˣ
ʵһ󽹼ĵȴ˿̵׺ҲǻĴӲ˳
ôһĹѾ˽öĵҩⵤҩȥڲģҲǺܴ󣡣
ƽʱСǲһĴС  ⶫܹH9˼ڲҩ裬ôôܹH9Ķأ
һԵĺϳС֣ȷ
΢΢һЦҲûʵ飬ʦܵˮƽ
˹źϹһЦϣڸҿЦ𣿾H9ľϵ۸ڿЦ
˹ǸĻboyһֱҲǸƵĲϱ仯̬ȷ仯ġ
ǿ׺óһȥôСҩǾȻ˵ⶫܹH9
ⲻǿЦʲôأ
ڵĸ˹ƺһЩ׻Ƶƺǳţ
ɾƾʮ궼СܹȥH9
ⲻǳʲôأ
Ͽ˿˹ֿ˿ʵС֣㡭мɰգ
׿źЦŵһʦܣΪⶫʦŪġ
˵һ飬㲻Ҫ߸ЦòãôһȥʮҵĺӣܹƳH9䷽һ𣿡
˹ЩмĿףֱǿЦ
׵û˵һԵû˵ʵǼΨһ׼仰Ѳ㶼û˵𣿴˹һԲˣ˵ˣҪô




721ɹ
 

˹һԣ˵һH9ĴȾ߹һԣҵ찡߿ЦǼ״ȾH9
˹С޵˵ЩĿ
ʦ磬ǲǸɵ氡͹£û£֪⺿ʲô
鿴Ÿ˹ӣҲһ˵  㡭ô˵ң֪˭𣿡˹ҸϷ𣬿СǸҵģ  ϿŸ˹˹ʹҪһ˸ʵ飬һḶ́
ΪʲôȥҽԺҽǳȥ˹Щ׵Ŀźϵ
׿Ÿ˹ôǵ飡
Ϊʲô˰ѴȾ߸ΪŰٷ֮ٵţ  ⸥˹ΪʲôẦ£Ϊںҩûκεſԣ  ѡףһ绰ѾǸܲŴ˹ȥ  ȻЩ˼Ȱ裬ջֲϣ
СʱҵĹ򣡣
һȳѾʻɽׯ  ׿žȻͣԶϣֱӹȥͺˣߵŰɣϾⲡĴԺǿ
С֣ǧСİ
ҲڴĿף˵Ѿǰϣ׵ϣ  Ҫ֪һĿH9ĻǶҶһĵСģ
οҲǱΪʡ˲֪ٵǮƣһЩǮƿģ
״鳯žȻķ˹ȥǸȻһˣ  쵼⡭H9ĴȾߣǡǸ˳˰죬ƺҴ򿪺ţ  ׿Ż˵ģҲʾ˵ǶԶһ㣬ͼơ
һ׵ĻֱѾӾܵûӰ  ܿ죬ŴˣͿһˣ֮ǰҲǼģ
û뵽ȥʱ˻ûӣ˹ʱ򣬺˺ܶ࣡  Ҳûжֱӽҩ˷ȥ  ʦ磬ҩҼһЩҩķĩ棬ǻָٹһСʱʱ䣬Ӧòܹվˡ
鿴΢΢һЦνĲʵҲûʲôʵڲеĻǿаⲡɱҲǿԵģ
̫񣬶Ҳ֪⴫Ⱦߵж٣
ֱӽH9ԴͷκõĻǵʱǷ˴Ⱦߣֱӽκò
˵˸ðһ㣬ֻҪܹκãǶи飡
βãʱͻ˵Ŀֻţ
ʱһһĹȥ׶վǱĵţҲż
ϵ˿׺Ǳ˵ʲôҲЩż
ָ絽ڸɶأ˼ЩƵ˵
˹һۻ˼ҿǱװģH9AôλѧҵǱоڻûоķһëͷСôܻأ
˹Ȼ㲻ŵĻΪʲôҪطأϿŸ˹
Ҳһķ꣬Ͼں˵յĿǽ⣡  Ÿ˹ĺܣҲǷǳ
˹ϣҲӦ֪һﲻɹĻǵʱǵ̸лҪ𣿱Ͼϵ׻ơ
˹ΪҪʵɹɹ𣿡ϳ治֪Aôģ˵ľԮӦǹʹϵġǷǵȻ
ϣǿɲΪ׬Ǯֻջǵĳɱѣ֪ġоѵͶҲһ֧ҲͶ˴ҲҪǮЩоĿѧҵġ
˹ûʵ˵ʵ˭֪ôأ  AʵΪǮ˵Ϊ˶һ׻ƣʱǾԲ̫ɿڵģ  ˹֮ǲʲôܹɹģҪСӵЦģ
ĵǸʱĻʱһúõĳЦһСӣ  ղôЦԼһ
˹ʱһһ˹ȥҲԭĻҵڵĵˣ
˵ҵH9ķAҲһϢ
ɻͻڸ׻ҪǮ磬⵽ʱһ˼֮֮ĻǵʱùĲԼô
ȿȿȡ
ԶǸԭ120ȻϵӣһĿ֮
׿ֿ˿ʱ䣬΢΢һЦʱƵĲһСʱʱ䣡
ɹ  ƺоЩ˵ʦ磬Ϊ˵̫ʱŻôãһմȾ˵ĻʮҾ͸㶨ˣ
ϣǹɡ
׳źϵķ˻֣ʾϹһԵĸ˹˶Щ۾




722¼ĺ
 

ϵı⣡  ȥ
˹һźϣƺоԼһǳΰһ㣡
һԵĻ˼Ÿ˹˹ڸʲôûκεĹϵɣ
˹Щ˵ǸȾH9ˡ
ǺǣһϹͷҲνˣҵС־ȵģڻȥˣ
Ͽ׺Լû뵽ģķһĿϲ
ǷǳķĵģûһİգԲԼðյġ
ʵϣH9˺֮䣬ڿʱǳĶݣ
ǰϵĲѾǱ׵壬ʵΧĲҲѾʧˡ
˹΢΢ҡͷʼȻǲҵȰ裬Ǿûа취ˣ
˹ɲɵֱվں棡  ˵ʵϵǷǳ̹ģôķѾ߹ˣѾǼ˸ָķˣ  ɻ˼СӻЩ£Ǻ£ҲǳǱ˹ȥ
Ȼںϵ󣬿תһ룬ָ綼ǱôʱˣԼ¸ë߰
뵽ߣС·ķʽҲǴԭಽηηڵİ
ȻԱߣ
Щ΢΢תѣʹ˦˦ԼͷȻ׵ҡʲôط
ǺǣʲôطͲҪˣϵH9Ѿûˣ׿Цŵ
ʲôҡûˣƺЩŵĿף  ЦŵH9Ƿȣڿ㻹Ȳˣ
ҡһǲˡ
ԼԼԼĶͷһ˵  Ͽӵλͬ־ڻʲôоʵĵط𣿡
Ǻϡ
һϵʱ˶ˣһӾʹӲжôľˣ
ϿҲ׼Ǹ֣ƺͦԾİڰ֣΢΢һЦλͬ־ҴˣȻǱH9ȾǹҲβܣǷģ뾡һа취ǣ
ӿźϵϣҡѾоԼ̫̫ˡ
ã
ϸоԼ൱ٴĿǰ߻ϣ
˼һһӣҲЩ˼˵⡭ⲻ˵ȾH9ĻԽԽû⡭λô
ֻҪ¶ȼƲһ¾֪ˣH9һ㶼Ǹȣһ¶ȵ38.5ȣǾ˵ΣյĿˡ
̴̳Լİ״óһǹǣ
Σյ¶Ƕ٣˼̳Ҳ΢΢һЦʵ
Σյ¶Ӧþ˵¶ȣֻҪ¶ȵ37.5ȵĻô֤H9׵ˡ֯Ѿȷˡ
̳Ż˼΢΢һЦ˵Ĳʶλٶ  Ҫ֪⻪ٶǸʲôĻҲᾪһ  Ѿȹϼ˭ܹȺϸӵأ  ΪH9ıǿ̳Я  ֻҪһӾͿԲЩ˵£
ֱ̳ӽǹλӵʾ36.8ȵʱ˶  ϣ¶ѾH9ļطΧҲ˵H9Ѿǳ׵ˣ
̳оʵ̫ˣôһĻоЩ޷
С֣лл㰡
ϵг˼͸мˮһܹΪҺˣʵҲǷǳĸжģ
Цŵϣ֮仹Ҫô˵ˣһεĹɲңʦܣⷽЩо
С֣лл㣡
Ҳת֣鵹ҲǺܴ󷽵İˣ
ڰֵʦҵ飡
ҲЦŵһֱɽ棬Ҳûмʲô棬˵
ϴ˿һӵļ֮Ѿӿǿ沿ͿԿó˿̵ļ
׵ֵû뵽СС;Ȼҽ˵ľտ
˼ҲһϲɫĴָû뵽һﾹȻôţ棡ϣҪǽ˵Ļǿһ°
ϵЦ˻һЦֹǴ£ⲻΪҽʡǧʽ⣬ԺH9˵Ҫġ
ǰָһεĹ׿ɴȥˣ˼ٺһЦ
΢΢ֵЩӦģ飡
Զ  ˹źϾȻһһʼˣҲüԶɲһͷ
̽Եĳźϵķ˹Ϊ֮ǰǸ߾ȻվˣһǱߵͷġ
ѲH9ı׻ƸĻľͽˣ
ΪAʵҲH9һʱˣ




723˹ļ۸
 

ϵס⣡  ˹Ȼߵ˺ϵߣ˸мӣҲǿһ£  ԲϷղŸ˹ϴ绰ġ
ҴǾȻ˵ı飬Լһ̵ߵԲġ
ûˣ
˹ӵӣҲһӣ
ӿŸ˹ҲǼ˵ûûˣΪҸȾʲôH9ǱˣллҸлϰ
Ͽ˿˹΢΢һЦ˹ʹڿѾûм̸еıҪˣ
ϣҡҾбҪ̸һ̸
˹ЩеĿźϣӿȥǱȽϵĵȻġ
Ƚ˵ɣҲġ
ϸְͷԼ˹ȥ
ڣ
ʱԵøӵĴݲˣҵH9Ľڻżʲôأ
˵ղ˹סŵĻôȫԲһˣ
˶û˵Ϊ˲ߣǸоҲûʲô˵ģ  ϣû뵽ǾȻоH9ǰ
˹һ˿־ԵЦݿźϣһְҵԵ΢Цǳļ٣
Цŵ˹ʹлл㣡
˹΢΢һЦϣһ֮룬֪
ϵһ˿ľ⣬Ÿ˹΢΢һЦ˹ʹ֪ʲô顭
ϣA׻һֱǱƽΣһ׻ƳH9֪ܷ񹫿Ҫ֪̫̫ĹܵH9š
˹һʹĿźϣһһҪĻɫ
ղĸΪH9ķּۻۣһǶǼ𰡣
ڿ׻ƳˣһﾹȻ֪ܵ˵Ҫ  ֱЦ˵Ĵˣ
΢΢һЦո˹ʹ˵׻ƵȷҪ䷽ģ
ҴAH9ĸл л׻ƣס׻ƣҲסģ
˹ʵҲ֪϶еǵģԼӵ˽׻ˣ  ׻ܲ˵ľǱ˵ĴԭֻܵҪǾһĻǵʱһнпˣ  Ǻǣ΢΢һЦһԵĻ˼ЩȥϣAҲ̫۸˰ɣղҪʱһһоѵģ⵽оûˣ
ٶǿģվƽϿģ˹һƨȥǼźϸ²
ɺ˾ôһĵأ
˵ˣҶˣɸԼƽʱȥЩңƾʲôأ
ѲѸƺˣȻڳҧԼ
ǾԲģ⸥˹ô˵ʵһ  ׿Ÿ˹΢΢һЦ˹ҸоЩʴ˶ɣ
ңʴ󣿣˹Щ̫׵ʵ׻Ƶ𣿡
׻ˣƳH9䷽Ҹ˹˾Ϊ޹ء
׳Ÿ˹΢΢һЦŶһеĿһ
̫Ҫˣһʵ̫Ҫˣ  ʵ˵飬ǾԲ뵽ҪǮʲôģ˾һҾһɣ
A˸֪ΪأһҪû٣ˣ׿ɲģAǮ
ȻǮĻǾͶǮ˺ˣ  ֡ղźѾӦ䷽ˣϵ˼
˹׻ƵξϵǷǳ˽ģҲΪ˽⣬úϳѹף  ׿Ÿ˹ǹרӦ֪İɣʱ䷽Ȼר˹бҪһ㡭
㡭˵˹ĺЩ٣Կó˿ĲǷǳĴġ
΢΢һЦʵҲûʲôҵʱǳޣҸʮӵʱ䣬AҪ׵ƳH9ĻҿԸǿۡ
ۣ˹ʿˮЩ̫ˡ
ӦǼģôȥôĻأ΢΢һЦһһţһλȾH9ˣ
ۣ  ˹ոպȥĲһ˳ĺڵģûмôĺڵģ  ûб׵ı۸ˣ  һһţⲻǻǮ 𣿾ʯҲûôİɣ  Ҫ֪AĿǰѾ֪ĸȾѾһǧٶˣ
Ҳ˵Ҫһǧٶˣ  ֱ̫ˣôֵôǮ  ʹʱʮޣҪǹ۵ĻͲҪˣҲǶ˲豭Ȼͺϵ˿ʼ




724²òͷ
 

ڿ΢΢һЦһԵĸ˹Ѿǳ˳ȥ
Լֻܱ߲ͨAǱߵԽ绰  ֻʾԭΪܹ˳һ󶩵ţ
ȴһзˣ  ⶼΪ׻߾ȻƳH9䷽  Ƴת  ˹ǿɬģ˿һվЩɪɪ  ƺ̹ǵĺҪӵܣ  ͳ
˹һ绰ͷѾͨˣҲ̹
AͳȥԵͳ˹ҽɵôˣ
ͳ⡭˲ӡ˹
˹㻹ܸʲôҲܹ׻Ǳ߼Ҫһ磬֮ǰѾͨǵĴʹ߽ˣ㾹Ȼ˵˲ӣ
óһֽķʽڵĸ˹Ҳûκεİ취  𾴵ͳ£׻Ƹ̸߲еʱ׻Ƶһҹ˾ѾƳ˶ԸH9䷽˼ѾҪǵˣ
˹֪˼ҸͲҪԼˣ˼ңҲǻĴΪ  ǾȻ˶̵ʱо˷磿
óλͳԵΪľȣ
˹Ƴ˷硭
˵˹㵽ʲôղ㲻˵ѾоָҲǣΪҵʱ𣿡
ͳŭˣһ˲֪ٷֱ
˹ε˵ͳ£ƳH9ķо硭
Ĭ  һ˲䣬绰ͷ˳Ĭ
ãλͳ𣺡˹ȷ𣿡
˵ʵҵһЩţʵǸȾ߽һСʱʱ䣬Ѿǻˣ
˹ҲǴһ˿Ŀɬ  ̹򣡣
ͳһ˿ݾܾζʵA׻һͬ⣡
νķ磬˹ֻµЧڣ  һH9δʧĻôAͻһε⵽ش⻹Ҫģ
ҪAѾһƬңĩһ㣡  ʼͬʱľҲһͣ͵״̬
AͳѲɲ֪
Ϊʲôƶ׻Ҫһ磬Ϊ׻ƺAһǳ˭Ҳеʧ
һСһʧǧ򣬿һһʧǶǳɰǧڣ  ˭ܹеʧ׻ƲԣAȻҲǲԵģ
ͳڴ绰Ϊһ˹
ҵʲôܶߵļ۸Ҳͳ
˹䷽Ǹ֮ǰѾ̸ˣѾƳɵҩ裬һҩһˣ
ҩҲ԰һһҲø
Aͳһһҩ裬ѾǾļ۸ˣ
˹һͳĻҲ΢΢ҡͷΪ˵ļ۸ʵֲ̫Щ˵ˡ
ڲ˵Ҳûκεİ취˹ֻͳ£һ򲻵
һ򲻵ѲҪʨӴ󿪿ڣͳɫѾ˿£
˹ͷһһţ
ʲôǷ𣿡ͳµɫѾѿ˲ܹѿˣ
һһţʲôأ
ֻҲ룬֮ǰôԴ׻Ƶأ
ǵʱĻ׻ƾԲȡһǮķã
ıĶѣ  ͳ£ҿһˣΪ֮ǰǸǵҪۡ˹
һʵ̫ˣ
ͳײ˵仰ڸ˹վǰĻȫԿóӶճˣ
Ϊͳڸоһֱ
˿̵һ˵ĿɬҪ׻һģɵͷȴŪһ
ǮҲû׬ҲˣڷҪűԼ  ʵ̫˰  £òͷ  ֮ǰҪ׻óôǮһ
ǸƳ䷽˵ˣҪǻ۽ȥĻҲҪˣͳ
˹ȫǿλͳ̬ˣҲûκεľȨ  AͳȲҪܾǣȥһ£ҵ绰
˵꣬Ǳߵĵ绰ѾǷŭĹˣ  ϵĸ⣬˹촽ֱڸҽȥҲֻܹ⺮оĵȴˣ
֪ҪȴһҪȻĻҹľ֮ҹˣ
˿̵ĺϸլڣҲǻЦ죡




725ûٶĶŮ
 

Сְǽ
ҲǱŷһĻЦǳĸˣҲǳļ
û뵽Լһڵ飬ȻʦֵܼСʱʱ͸㶨ˣ  һҪĻ¹ҵʧĶĶ࣡  ˼ҲĴָ˵ָ硢ֵܣҽȺ
鿴˿˼΢΢һЦҲ㲻ʲôҽȺԣһ˱Ȳң
˼˷۵ָ磬ʦܻһǫ
ϹһЦԹӢ۳꣬˼ʵֺαǫأ
ҲЦЦʦһֱѱˣԺϰ߾ͺˣ
˾Ǳ죬һԵ̳Щ岻ϻ
ĵʱ ֻ̳
绰˿ҽԺĵ绰ЩǸȻĶźϵԲҡҳȥӸ绰
óȥӣ滹ͦģ߽ӰɣЦŵ
ʵӿʼں϶ѯŮʲô·  һԵĻ˼ҲǶŮ˺ܳʱ䣬Щ벻ָͨ絽״ѰЩŮأ  ôԼĶһЩӹ֬׷أ
̳ǳųķ˹ȥԼӵ绰Ӱ쵽ϵ˵̸  ̳ҡҷˣ˼ҲĴָ׵ָ磬ԽԽ˰ôﶼŮأ
סҿСӿ˼ҵ񶼲̫Ծ׿Ż˼΢΢һЦ
һԵ鲹һͲ쵽˼ȥˡ

˼СӾȻıŪһЩ̫˼ͷ  ЦŵŮӺ
˼ҡҡͷ⡭ָŮˣһҪֵܵŮˣǡ
ҿȷĸ㲻ǣ̳ǽжԺһλҽЦŵ
Ժҽɶ˼һûɶϵʵ
׿Ż˼ЩЦŵ˵ʵҪϲ˼ҽĻһЩ̫أ
˼СӾûиҲ΢΢ͷ
˼һ̵˵ϣûϲġղҿҽһ˲䣬Ѿ֪ʲô顭
ȥ㻹ڶһ𣿡üŻ˼ӿȥǷǳĸЦ
˼ҿɾ㣬ҽΪҺܾ壬Ҫ׷ĻҲóģȻҲ֧ģ
Щ֣µ˵һδ̳ʵΪ̳Ϊˣ
ҪҽϣҲһǳõĵͲ
ִǰҪа  զ°˵˵£ָ硭˼ƺЩ˼ˣҲǻ𼱻ǵʵ
ƺҲЩɻĿ׵Сְӻл˵˵ɡ
׵ͷѽڶԺ龰˵һ飬Ȼ˵ʵôҽҽһվˡķǳĸж
ָ磬ɶҲ˵ˣ˼׵ļЩж˵
ϳߣڵҽʹİҽĺͬ־򡭡
ҲǳƵ̾һʵҲЩѵģڵҽﻹԳ֮Ϊʹ
ǼֱΪ˺ֵ۵ĳְҵˣ  ϣҵ˼ǣҽĺҽһҪõӦеļֵ֡׵˼ѾǺˣϣһλҽ
΢΢һЦǲ˵ҲǴǰܹСΪҵˣڲĻķɾԽԽˣ
ˣ  ںϵ˹̳Ļ̸۵ʱ򣬸˹ˣ
ϣѾͳͨˣѾͬλķ˼еҩƷϷɻ
˹Ҳˣһڽһ˼ҲԼԼıͳждˣ
׿˿˹΢΢һЦҵĿţʲôʱǮλˣһСʱ֮ҩȻ͵¹ݣ
ãȥ£
˹ЩˣҲûκεİ취ֻʵû뵽ⳣӥͷӥۣ  ˼ʿˮ˵ָ磬׬ǮٶӦǵһ˰ɣ
Ͽ׳A˵ıķǳǿСԺһҪСˣϾⲻԹҵȥ飬˵塭
΢΢һЦϣİɣèĹһǿۣ
Ҳ΢΢һЦŸ˹ȥҲǼΪ泩
ȻںϵһЦʱ̳ˣ  ʱоȻһ˿Ứ




726۸ҽ۸
 

ҽôˣ
˼Դ֪̳ûκεĹϵ֮Ѿ൱ˣ
̳һۿȥǾɫŮһ֣  ǳͣ˼һۿ̳ʱֻǾһڼŮ񾲺Ϳɰ  һСʱĹ۲֮Ůǳľ£
ȫʮǵĸоôĵط󣬸̵ĵط̣
Ȼˣ̳һǳˣڴְҵװ  еϻ˼λôܹأ
ûûʲô
̳Ĳһˮ΢΢ҡͷ
׿̳ҽʲô˵һ취ҴҲһİ취ɣ
ǰҽǲɶ۸ˣ˼һҲǴŻʡ
׵һۻ˼Ȼһ֣
̳΢΢ҡͷûѣҽԺĵ绰ҡҪȥһˣ
ҽԺĵ绰ޣҲţ˼̵
̳Щί˵áڸϻȥѷýһ£ҪȻͰҽԺҡҵûȥչ裬һֲʶʲôˣҲûмңҲǵ¡
Բۡ
˼ںߵʱ򣬻ûбֿڣɽʵЩﲻסˣ  ˵СŮǰܲ㣿׿Ż˼΢΢һЦ
۸ҽǾ۸һ˼˼һ˿˿ıŰóСŭˣ  һŭΪգ
仰˵Ļû˼СӿȥڵģĻһȽϴˣҲִİ飡
˼ֵĺûᰡϾȻҲЩĶŻ˼Ц  ̳һϾȻһԵ٩Լʶ˵ʱҲЩɻĿ˿ϣ
ЦŵҽСֺ˼ȥһ˰ɣǸԺҽ豸Ҳһ㣬˼Ұᵽطߵҽ豸ˮƽ൱ĲģʱҪȥǰ飬û¸ز
ϣʹãǧʹá̳ˣط֮ǰ֪ʲôط  ϵһ֪طǶô󣡣  ˵Ҫ״طĻһӶ֪ĵطڣ
һͨͨϰգҲһͨϰգ˶ѣ  ׿̳ҽڸ˵飬СӶһ顭
ҡҶʶ̳Щ˵
ֵܣȻһ˵㡭׶һµǸˣҽҪûѵĻӴӴ
ҡ˼Ѱ̳ɫһ죬ûôͻȻἰҲһ  ⻹ǵźĹἰģ̳֪ôشˣ
˼ףЩƵ˵ָ磬㡭Ҳ̫һɣ⻹û׼أ
˼һŮŤһҲˣһүǽɶϽȥδĸﵽôˡû˵
㡭㿴ҡ˼ЩͷȻ̳ǡǸҽҪȻȥĸ
á
̳ҲһΣҲһŽó˲ûиЦ
˵˭ֻ֪һһˣ  ĵľԼĸףֻҪԼĸû£ŻῼԼ£  ҪԼĸʲôĻأ
̳Ż˼˳˿쳣  ϿȥıӰҲЦҡҡͷ  ԭҪ⽭һ쵼һȥԺģֻҪһˣȸ߲㱨
ϵһ绰Ѿǲͨ˳ȥ  ׻ƵĶ˿̶Ҳĵȴźϵĵ绰  ϣǻص绰ˣ̸еѶȺܸ߰ɣŵԼ١
Ǻǣ㱨һɣЦŵ
ЩЦ˵ϣһ̸ʲô㱨㱨İֱ˵ɣAҪǮ
׼̸еģǺҷѾƳH9һǮҲóˣˬЦЦ
ļٵģɱƭҰŵ֮мһ˿˿˷ܺɻ󣡣  ģпո߿ЦġϿʼ  úúãû뵽һβһǮûʧAѪһѣŶϣҺúллλԺһüţ֮ǰ󷴵ϵͳҲŵҲǱٴ
΢΢һЦţ
ŵҲǺĳһ˿ȥ㱨飬һο´˰
˼ӱ˵绰Ϲ绰һεЦʵҲЩɻ
Ϊо׺ʵЩ棬̫ǿˣǿ˸оǲһˡ




727ĳ
 

еڶҽԺסԺ  ˿̵סԺȻ࣬ҲһЩģһЩ֢ˣǸûа취ӶԺתȥ  ȻĿǰԺȷH9鴫ȾߵĸһЩ˻εĺܣ
̳ĸףĲˣ
ԭΪûǮڶԺأϵʱһЩˣ
ҪΪH9ı̳ĸ׶бҽԺĿˣ  Щϧǲĵط
Щȴûа취Ϊǵ˾ҽԺ棬ѲɾͲҪչ  ڶԺĸʩĻ൱ģǸž޴Ľб־  סԺĳڣ
һʮҵĸŮڲ֮ϣ˱̳ĸ׳誣
̳ĸһѧĽʦԼĸǱһɴְ  ʵ˵ԼĸҵλԼĸҵλҲǿԵİɣ
ڼ̳ѾʼˣӦҲǹȥ  ʵˣԼĸ׻֢Ҫֲָܹ
һֲҪǮ̳ˣ
ķǾǼʮ򣬼ֱͲܹܵģ̳ոѧõóôǮأ
ǰɣ
κǸСҽվסԺĸǰҪ֪ڶԺȻһ죬ҲȨ
λεĽǿϵͳĶְ
ʵνεְԺҲ߰ˣԼ֮ڶԺ·ҲǺߵģ  ҡǡ
̳ĸףȻһ涼ûмˡ
ڽĵط誺ȻľͰԼһµˡ
ڶ·ʲô򶼲ʶ
λǶԺڵĳΡ
Сôܣ֪˻ΪԼʲôβεء
áʵ֪ԼŮڽĴҽԺȻûбƣߵĴҲǲġ
ʵΪһιԼΪ֪ԼŮ߹Եʣû뵽ô£  οųҽԺղѾŮ̳˵绰ΪҽԺԱԴͷΥҽԺĹ涨ǾԺ鿴Ĵ֣
ΣҡŮˣһ  һֱԼŮǳĹɣû뵽ԼŮȻҽԺ淸ˣ  ЩǵĿųΣȴʲô֮ͨˡ
ų誳ȻˣΪ̫ŲŷġǷҽԺҽҩһǮ˵ǲǴͷ󰡣ҽԺĹ涨ֹҽǷԺҽҩѡ
쵼ǡô찡誼ȹϵһ㣡  κٺһЦð찡Ǯ!!
ԣΪҽԺʲôط׳԰סĵطҽԺɲԺ̳ԺԴãֱǡ
Сһߵ˵ţȥҽԺҿһ㣬۾ͱˣ
ʵҽԺҽҽļôϸ
ȻǵģҪ̳µĻøǧǮεĻ˵ҽƷʲôģǷ߰ģҲν飡  Ϊֹͺڷ湤ܹΪ̳һȫԺʲôġ
ʱһԵľܾ򣬷ֻҪĺˣĶ˵
Ȼ̳ᣬȴʲôӪ֮Լ飬ȴҲûʲôεʲôӡ
ҡҴ绰Ҽͷӣ취Ǯ˸ǣ
˵ž绰ҪԼͷӴ绰ʵҲ֪ԼûǮ
۵ЩܲˣԼŮԼסԺûиԼûǮ飡  뵽ߣ誵ɫҲ쳣ѿŮĶˣԼܲ
ҲǵģһҪǵ˵λ쵼ĻԺôܺúùأ
ž  ǸСſųóһƾɵֻʱֱһģֻѾǵ˵أ
˵Ҫ绰ȥǷôǮסⲡ棿ϽʰʰҶȡ
Сſ誵ӣһıӣʵǰҲϲ̳ġ
ǱŮ˸ľܾˣС³ɺһ׼ˣ  Ȼ̳ңҲ󣡣
ҡϾͳȥҲŵЩ֪Ӧôźˣ
ȴţԼŮĵλǰԼŮλ쵼  ˵ʲôҲҵԼŮλ쵼ɣ¸ĸģ  СŰϾҽҲǵλͬô˵Ҳö˼ҿһ㲻𣿡οСų
С̵ǣ˵ǡ
Ͻ̳߰ɣװôȻģսȥûһԼߣǡ΢΢ҡͷƺ˵ƺǣ
˿̵̳ѾǳŶԺķ򼲳۶




728ٶ
 

ԺסԺ
˶Ǵſֽ˶Ժ棬Ͼ˭ҲϣԼȾH9ɣ
ȻˣԺסԺѾûΪˣ  ҽԺһǧಡסŲһٶŲˣЩȽصġ
΢һЩģǻ϶ȥˣҪȻȾǾ͵òʧˡ
7¥¥  Щ˶Χһ棬ΪǷⲡһʮ긾Ůȥɫѿ
˲Ǳˣ̳ĸ׳誣  ˵ʵʵҲоһУҪΪԼŮ߹Ļ˵ʲôҲġ
ǲǷ˼ҶԺǮԼŮ߹  ֪ίԼҲŲ𣿣
ղ˵˵ŮҽԺʲô쵼
ʲôҸղ˵Ůǹ쵼ΪľǼҽҩѰ
ô°°
ļٵİҿǲǹҵĵλֲǸ˵ģ
˵ʲôĶУԿη仰ǶԵģһ˭ܹأ  Щ˵ĻҪһ£־ʵ
һʱ䣬ˮѾǻ  ɢˣɢˡ
СŴӲ˳ųҲһ
¥棬һ󼱴ٵĽŲ˶ǳǽŲķ˹ȥ
ֻһŰ״ӵŮҽͦߵ˹
ӵԱߣһСں棡
̳һ̳ʱҲһ
ƽʱŰϰˣȻ챻׸ˣ̳Ҳһˣ
裬ôˡ
̳һԼڵϣԸһĨᣬ̳ͷһᣬᶼˡ
̳Ҹ㣬ϽǮҪȻĻסƣγ
ǷǮ˼ųεķ˹ȥ
˵С˭¸ûйϵҸ㣬жԶҹԶ
οŻ˼Ȼվ˳ȻҲһĲˣ  ȷǣ˾ԲǽԼǸˣһԵ˿ȥЩ
Ůѣ˵ɲҵ飿
˼һҲǻ˳Ÿ֣Լδĸﻹأ
ǰĻ˼ϱı׼ǹߵģϵҲˡ
ΪǼҵĲƸѾǹˣҲָʲôǿǿʲôˡ
֮䣬ǹӺСˣǸʵҲûжĹϵ  ʱѲİѹ޹ȥ߽ܹƽ
Ի˼ڵǾԵɵģֻ˭ܹΪ˶Ͳö֪ˡ
ȻԵЩʱľôÿôͻȻ˸оԼЩʵ
ߣҽѣ㿪ʲôЦأ̳ûǲ֪Ѳȥת˸죬Ҹѣ
ЩмĿŻ˼  ˼зһ˿һһʷɣ˭ð̳ģ֪岻̫𣿡
ôˣҽԺ涨СһһﾹȻ̳ѣ  һɼ֮Ȼƺ˺öĸо
أ
˼ֱһȭСŵŴ˹ȥɴ䣡  һԹƵ˵Сȭ
˼ҲĴ˴Լȭͷֶʰ١
СŵıѪˣ
Լ˫ԼıӣоԼѾǲӵָо  һԵĳҲһ˵㡭ǸҴˣ
ǣʲô𣿡˼Щʵ˵ǷǶǮ
һһǮҲʿˮСӿȥôţһҲЩԲ׼ˡ
ôһǮ㾹ȻŮѵĶڸһᣬôѰ̵Ķӳģôһԭȥ
˼ԭµͷͷû뵽ڻ˸ҸԼҲʹ죡  ֱ  ̳Լĸվ滨ģ˼Ҳһۣ
ʵ̳滹Щм˼ģΪԼ飡  ܣ
ҲԼˣıڱһСвôأ  ٶŭˣ۸ԼҪŮҪ۸ˣǿǸûģ  žž  ˼ǰӣȥǳİ  һԵ׺鿴ȥоЩǳԹȺһĿ֣  ˲䣬ǷͷĳϿȥӵķˣ




729ºҪԺ
 

һʱ䣬סԺ  ֵܶҽͻʿųκҽ˴ˣҲǳطϹˣ
㡭Ҵң
οŻ˼˳Ż˼ķ˹ȥ
˼üͷһ壬һԵ׵ҲûţͿˡ
һȥ
ԭоҪƴĳΣһεķ˿УȻصˤ˵ϣ  û뵽һھȻɳ֮£  ˼̳ҽһȡ壬˸
ڸʲôںָָ㣬۷׷׶ѣ  ҪǽȥĻεȶҪء
ָ磬ŷǲ˼һĴָ  ׿˿˼Цŵҿ㻹ȥһδĸȽϺá
ȥһˡ
˼һӣٺһЦ̳ĸǰ˹ȥ  ҲˣҲˣ˼ҲΪ泩
調⻪˼˽ΪԼ˵ʵԼҲ÷ǳĽ
ڿʲôξ۸ԼŮţֻ誵쵼Ժôأ
лл㡭
̳˿˼ڿ˼ܸоЩŤ  Ϊװѻ˵ˣ⵼ڳ̳֪˼ϲԼĻ󷽵Ů  ˼΢΢һЦһɶ̳ҿǻǰѰ̽߰ɣ
ܵģ̳Ͻڰֵǵطǡ
˼ЦŵʲôǲǵģҪǵطסĻڻء
֮У  Լͷϵĺţ˿ֻѾ  һŵģҲǸһԵƤ֮ѣ  ȻվҲܹġ
ҡұˡ
ο绰֮һӸоҵߵĶһ㣡
λû˵䣬Ѿֹͣתһ𾪵ģ
ҪԺӲ칤
Ҳ֪ˣԼĽϵͳĶ֣ôأ
ںϵǰٴĹٿҲô˰ɣȻţɵ  ̳㡭ҵţܵ˺ܲһʰǣα˷ҪľҪѸ׵
̳飬ʱˣ  ʲô˼ǳЦһתų΢΢һЦ̣Ҹطưɣطˮƽҽ豸զΰ
ǸСʲôְ㡭Ǳ̳ѣ調Ż˼Ҳ¶Ц⡣
裬ܲһֱɣ̳ҲǲֻûһƲأԼҲŲ͡
ʵ̳֪ԼԼ±ȹԼҪҪ
ȷ˼ûʲôϵȻղŻ˼ҲǴ˵ԼŮѣ̳ⲻһɻ˵дʶѣ  ˴ʶڼûгСʱܹȷϵˣ  ̣׼ȷ˵Ǳ̳׷ߣҽл˼㺰С˼ͺˡ˼ų΢΢һЦ
㻹Ǳ̳Ѱ調Ż˼Щ΢΢ʧ䣬ԭΪԼŮ֪ȥ̸ء
һóֻ˿Ǻϴģ
绰ѾǽԼҪԺǰͨˡ
⣬ѯߵвʮӵʱϾˣҲûжģ  Ҫ˼ԭڸ죬ź˵绰Ҳվʵ
׵ͷH9Ѿİ취ٷȻҪһʱϢͿȶ˲𣿡
ҲǰϢ϶ԽԽˣ˼ҲЦŵ
ԺסԺڣ˿סԺĴѾǱһ׵ŷֳ  ΪH9ĸ֮һԺеŲٵ񣡣
´֡
ǱæµţȻ˺˺ԼϽͷһ
һˣҲӭȥ˰
´֣ղڵ绰溿ʲôɥô£
˵ǳ´ֵĽƿƿǽϵͳĶ֣ĸɲ
汻˴ˡ´ָӡӡء
ҪǿںҪķϵĻִˣ
ֻںҪҪֿҲˣϾһԼ϶ǳԿģ  ҽԺҽƿʵӲС쵼Ҵ򣿣
´Ƶ˵ɲأҪΪһҪĻҲͱ갡
ζҪȺ֮˵һ˵˲ٵļߣƿ
ߣطЩ߹ʲôְ´˵
Ҳ쵼ʮҵʱ͹ˣϽ׼һ°ɣǧҪ©ƿҲǻ𼱻ǵĳķ˹ȥ
Ҫ֪һϹģǿɶи˳ﰡ




730ŷ
 

ϵĳӻʻ˶Ժſڣ
˿̣ߵľѾǵƹ˸ʱڶԺߣЩ׽  Ҫ֪ǿԪϼﰡԺH9
ܶΪһεĵӦúH9źܽܵĹϵ  ŷֳ
ȻH9ıŰʱȻԺ
Ϊϵĵ˺ܶפߵĵЩŷһҪ߾ٰŷʱҲΪŲҪˣ  ߣЩʱǵְҵǺ˸жģ  ƿͳ´վ˱һС棬ǿźϵĵҲЩ  Ͼûмô쵼  λѣʱٰ֪ͨһйH9ŷᣬªһЩλ
룬ЩҲǿЦ  H9ˮһŰȫأ˶Ͳ֮УΪ˹һ˴Ƴ˿˷H9ķ
Ͽ˳˶סˣ  ǰμһŷЩԱǣʵԺʱҲǱźܴġ
һҪǸȾһµĻǵʱɾͲ˰  ˽û뵽ϵһϢȻ˵ʯƾ죡
ϣBBCԼߣǣH9Ŀǰȫ׻Ѿ𣿡
ǸҲһʵ ȻƺҲǳĹģ
ϵͷѾʵ飬Ѿȡ˳ɹ
žžžžž
һҵѾϢκһҺ͵˵ɶһϢ
ЩϢǲֹģ  ȻˣЩҲҪԴģAĹңǱҪȡǸ߰ķãҪȻԺǲ԰  ã·͸ļߣH9ǲǿԹأǸҲǿźʵ
ھĹңǿṩģЦŵ
ǹ˵ľԮʧƽ𣿡Ǹ߼׷ʵ
Ͽ˿ǸߵǹоŻ㾴һߣҾһɣ˼ܺǴһྴηأЩҵȴô룬Ȼ˵ĻҲֻôˡ
ϵĻлҲܰ˵˵ģƺָĳһңɱȴҲָ֪˭  ֪ˣϿҲϵģ
һһʣǹH9⣬Ȼ滹ǣܶ˵⣡  ԼĪСʱ֮ѾǱ÷  ˵ǰԺоҪըҩﱤָоڴҶһˣ  H9Ѿвˣô͵˵
ϿѾվЩϯ룬վһԵĻл˼̳Ƿų調ȥЩۡ
ƿǼ˭дŲŷˣ֪𣿡
ţ´һҲס˵򣬾͡һң
ҪʲôƿҸ´֣ҪǳĻԲ˶ߣ
ǹžֵİɡ´Ҳǵ
ƿ΢΢ͷϣ˰ɣ
ɾڻƿͳ´ʱ׺Ȼ䳯ϯ̨ķ˹ȥ  Ѿǳ׵ķ˹ֻϸֹˣ
һҪʲôƿ˿۶ӳ֣Ҳǳų´֡
ǳ´Ҳһ±ƵĿŻƿһǲǸɵӰ֮ǰ˵ʲô־ԸߣҪȥȥ
ȿ˵ɣǱأǿɶǴ쵼ǹȥʣ
ƿȻҪƨô쵼ҪأôҲֲɣ
Ͽ˿΢΢һЦС˰
ϣDV̳ҽ֮ǰӰϡ׳
΢΢ͷȻ׵ţ֪ˣ
˶ǾĿһĻſֵСӵ˭
ôôţ棬ֱȥ˸ˣƺϻʶһ㣡  ˶ȴźϣϿȻH9ޱȣ顣ҪǽôĸɲŸýߵ棬һƵƵһҪļѿԿһݹȥ
ܶ˶ƵĿźϣϿɲH9γɹ鰡
ܿ죬̳ѾǳΪ˹עĶ󣡣
Ӣۣû˲ϲĬĬŵӢۣǰҪӢزģ  Ȼŷˣ̳ʱڿ϶ǻ׻ˣ




731
 

ƵǱ龫ĵļģҪһЩϵĶǱ˳
ǳ´ֵαթչֵ쾫£  ̳ͳ誴˿Ҳվں棬Ϊ˼˵Ҫ誻һطû뵽̳Ȼ˺Ǳߣ
ţ׺ͺϲ֪˵һЩʲôȻЩˡ
˵ʵڻԼ֪Ƶô£
ΪҽԺƵҲôʲôġ
һ㣬ǻ֮Ŀ࣡  һƵ֮мѾվʼˣ  ϵԱߣеһ쵼ϲв죡
ϲǣ˵ĴִǰһƶûеŮȻ޷˵վ˳
ЩбƵˣȻһûվ
ǹһЩǮŪЩƵĿĺأ  ŮΪʲôһƶûأ  ϣƵǲأƵôĸߣҾпΪ㣬ҪӢۣ
·͸λ߿֮Żɵ۹⿴źϣ  ΢΢һЦһ£˭ԸôҽȥһҽأǿЩҳԱ𣿡
⻹ǲ񰡣оǸŮһģ
ɲզأǸһеĸоЩηηҽֱԵıɫݳ
ҾƵģ·͸ǰҲΨ²Ұ
ҲһЩƵαдһߣ
µǰߣ˵ͻ״ȻŵļֵҲܸߣһЩصĻһŵʵԣ
˵Ƶҵ߷ö׵֮㵽ģʲôͲø˵ˡ̳ҽ
ϡ
̳ԭԼĸףɵϺԼʱҲһ
ָָ̳λҽһʵ޻ҽ·͸ļ߸ոնҵΪǶҽƷһ裡
ϣ𣿡
λ·͸ļ߻ǷǳĲģ׻ʵҲ֪бƺûбƵġ
ûбƵ˸ɻر٣ͬĸλõнȴһˡ
λѿ̳һλҽͬһλŮŸոտʼ
΢΢һЦֻҪҽͬ⣬Ȼͬ⣡
һԵĽ쵼̳ӣҲͬĽţΪ·͸ɲǹڵıֽ  ǸղƵϵҽ·͸ɯɯӦһļߣ񽭺ҪĳҲפصġ
ãǡǸҶ֪ʲôʱĵġ̳Щ˵
ֻҪشǲͿˡɯЩͱˣ̳΢΢ͷǡҡ
ҿǲЩţɯ̳ʵ
̳һºȻˣô쵼ߣȴ߲ɷһˡ
ǺǣҽĬһ£ƵϵҽԺ𣿡ɯʵҪҪ
ǵģҽԺĳ´ֳΣǱߡָ̳ų´֣һʱǱ߱ըһ
ǳ´ЩӣҲЩˣ
ʲô˭̸վ
иȨѾվһܿ˿Ǹ´
顭ϡ
´ڶЩ̱˵ϣоԼ֫ڲסĲš
ԼԼղŵһһУоⲻȥˡ
㣬ҽȡ壬Ϊ֮⣬ҲΪĸףһҽĸôˣ
Ͽų´
ԺԺһʻҲ̳ų´ֵŭ˵ҽĸһ¥
ҡҡ´ŵö֨ˡ
һεóƽ壬Ȼ˵ĸǰ׳ڸղŸλ֮ǰʮӷ飡⻭ڵϵλ̳ҽĸףһλӢ۵ĸף
ҲһܹȾյôһ˵оһˣ
Щ߶ǴŷŭĿ⿴ų´ֱ֣Ҫ´  һԳ´ֵĽƿҲǶȺĺ棬һԼǧԼ
ǻ͸
ԺԺĲԼȥһһˣҪôļߣó
Ժְ̿ƽ˾ؿû⣡еҪ쵼İ飡  ̳ͳ調Ҳһۻңⶼʲôʱĵİѹ֪  ڵҲǽˣ  һŷᣬһ⣡  һH9ɹƳ֮ڶ̳ΪһH9еҽ
ҽҽƺӳΪڶһ黭档




732ºլβ
 

´ֳ׵ıˣǸʲôСҽ϶Ҳ군ˣ  ŵĿ¾ͻΪʲô´ֻϵͳΪԺʲôΡ
ʱ϶ǻ鵽´ֵĽƿϵģһ˿ܲˡ
ڼúŭ½еλ쵼Ҳҵˣ  ŷˣ
˼Цŵָ磬ô˵
ô˵ȥҼҰɣطҲҪȻȥңʵ
ȥҼңҲаұסǱأ˼
Ĳȥˣ̫ˣ
̳Ҳһµˣ⽭ķӾڴҲôܴʲôطȥ  ԼԼĸ׶ȥĻǵʱ´Ҳסĵطûˣ  ˼Цŵ̳ʱסǰɣҵ˼ָæ̿
𣿣
̳ʵԭǶ׺ҽˮƽǳֻ̬ȵģһ㶼ˡ
Ϊ˼ĺţ氡  ôһʱ䣬˼ѾƳH9
ȻԼĸ׵֢ȽϵأҽƷҲƫڱƣⶫ˭˵׼أ
ҽ˼£ǿʲô漣ܹģ
̳ǰҲѧҽģʵҽĸҲǷǳĳݵģ
ЦŵǺǣԺһˣҲôˣ
һҲЦŨŨԼŮ񲢲ôķԣ  Ҫ֪ǰһᵽ̳ҸѵʱķӦ൱ļҰ
ں˳˺ܶ࣬һε̳֮Ҳǽĳˣ
̳ɫһ죬Ҳû˵ʲôΪû˼˻ǲģ  Ȼˣ׺ҲǿԵģ
ֻ̳Щɻǵʲôأоȥͨˣ  ̲ĳߵڣ
˼ųѾǵԼļſڣǽ̻Ի͵ĺլ˿ŶһͷĿѣĸо  ĽȺļ۸»˾°͵ģ
⡭ⷿӿƯ
ҲԵĸ̾һ䣬⵽ǽҲǼҪƯܶ࣡  ̳Ǽģһ߾͸о˲һ㣬ⷿӵʱǸǸоһľ
ܹӵȷӵˣǵʲô˰  ̳ڽûиԼܹһ׷ӣʵסڶԺ˼أ  ˼ЦŵϲĻססöԣҲУ
ҿǼұ̳˵⽭һ׷Ӻüأôصأǡ
ڵģԼŮҸ˼ˣ
ôԼҲͰˣ֪Լʲôֲܹ೤ʱҲ˵ġ
иĹҪƻûнչĻԼʱ϶Ѿһgˣ  еϣҪҸڿСҲҲΪԼŮͷڿҲԣ
誻ʲôأȻˣҪԼŮƺҲûʲôԵ˼  ̣ģԺһúõĶԱ̳ģ岻ɡ˼̵
ſڣվһܼģˣ
壬ôû˯˼һˣҲЦ
Ҫ֪ⶰǻڽһռǧƽףССķҲʮü  ϶Ҫмɨ͹š
壬ǻⶰһܼңǰԼϵ˾Щˣܼң
Ϊǻ˾˼ǷǳϤģ  үôˣ忴Ż˼ҲЦҲû뵽үȻ  Ҵѹסס˲壬ʰһĴһЩķסһʱ䣡˼Ų
û⣬䶼ֳɵģҪҪϵһҽԺ忴Ż˼ʵ
˼ҽ㿴AǱߵĶ֢оһЩҽûпеģпеǹһ
õģү˵´ΩǴӣûκεĻɵĳɷ֣
ɡ̳סˣ˼ҵĶ鵽ʱô
׿̳Цŵ֮֮̵Ĳ齻ˣղҿһӦûʲô󰭡
İ̳ЩĿף׵ͷţ˼ҲȥAʲô˽ҽˡұ֤֮ڰ̵ĲѸٵĻ⡭
⡭ǿ˥߰ǡ̳ҲѧҽģȻ֪еԭ
˼һ⻰Ҳ̵ָҽǵŰָ磬ҪȻھͿʼɣ
Цŵû⣬ҸʦܽȥǴˣ
˵꣬״ų誾ͽһ֮УԼĪһСʱҵʱ䣡
һƬڴĿУ׵߳˷䣡
˿̵ĳ調ȥݹղɫЩƵĸоѾȫһˣ  ֻ˻ûпʼ˵һӰѾǴ˽ĻиȥȽ˧˽
㡭
˼ҲüȻҲЩԼӣ  PS⼸һֱڸðÿ춼ҪȥҽԺΣдҲЩԲ510ұɣллֵ֧ˡ




733Ԭǵ
 

˼ôˣ
˼ıԬǣһֱڰӹʳĻǳĸȤ
ȻһֱϲְӾ£ÿ춼֣
ٶ
ԬԱߵӿŻ˼ʱ˵ǳӲ
һԵĲҲ̾һү˺ǰӹˡ
ҲӹģǼҸʲô˼һǰӹģҲһ  ԬǿŻ˼΢΢һЦ˼ѻ񳿣ӹŷͣҲһλǼĸ߼
˵㣬Щȥ˸ӹĳӰ˶Ӳǰɣ˼
ԬǿŻ˼˼Һûеɣҵ˽ҲܣɲһܹŶ
ôˣ㲻֪ڵһʮˣ߳⣬²ɣ
˼ҲЩɸֵӣǸʲô񳿵ļһ￴Ҳʮ꣬ŵȥͦɶʣ
ɻ˼ôôоôأ  ԬЩŭ˵˼ҺôҲıɣͲ֪һ𣿡
˼ҪǺúõҲù㣬ʲô߰˼أǺӹǰɣ
񳿿Ż˼ٶǣ
ã㻹汻߿ңҶÿ㡭˼û˵Ͻȥ߲ӭ㡭
ߣٶǺˣ
ڣûл˰˼ʼ磬˿ڵѾǱЩš
̳һ˼ЩˣҲϾѯԼĸ׵Ż˼ǡǾ˰ɣ
̳̲ߣ˼
ԬǿŻ˼˭
Ͳ˰ɣ˼ԼҲǳ
Ԭ̾һмҵøһ£ٹ죬ʶʳǼһ̩Ƶٰ㲻᲻֪ɣڱα֮أ
ʶʳ˵ڻǸԸ˰ⲻİɣ˼
Ԭǳ̩ҲǼķ֪꣬ڹȴߣûЩҵ֧ŵĻԺ⻪̩ԶһͼǾƵ꣡
㣬ΪǾƵ룬Ǹӹ˻һʲôǹҾûܿ۵ģ˼
Ԭ΢΢һЦ㲻ǵһûе𣿡
˼ЦһҪ֪һǧǰǲǹҵһССķѣ㲻ϣȡ裡
㡭ԬЩŭĿŻ˼˼һεĹʶʳǲǻ׼ѸղǸһ˰׻Ƶĵطһӹˣǲùˣ
˼ҵţھ͸ȥԬŭһһˣҾϲӹôˣôҸ˵ɣǹʶĳմʦʮ;ܹЩν׻ʳҳ⣬ǵ̫ˣ
˵꣬ԬǵƨһŤһ˳ȥΪԬǸŮ˵Ļ»˼Ѿ̲סҪˣ  ƣһư
ԬǾȻ˵׻ƣվȻǵ֮صİӹ˶磿ⲻǳô
Ż˼ı㣬һԵĲҲ̾һүʵǶȰˣүȰˣûã
ˣ˵ʲôҲǸӳʦ˼ؿڻȻǱԬǸģ  ̳ͷû°ɣ
˼һ̳ҲʼЦ˰ҼҶбľ
׿̳Цŵ˵㿪ĵɣ̵Ĳںתʵ֢ƺأԽ̼ѨλķʽܼΧĹܸʵˣҪһСҲ׳⣬ղûоҽͬ͡
ûûûлĸ׵ľ֮ұأôȥأ̳г˸мˮ
һԵĳҲǰŪף˰ôýŪ˼£û뵽˺ܶ࣡
˼ҲЦЦָҽ൱Ĳģָ磬ʶ׻Ʋúõ𣿡
СӻŸղǸذ׿Ż˼΢΢һЦ
Ǳұģ˵ǲвԼǮȥһӣҶöġ
˼һƵ˵ȻҲǱòᰡ  ̳˵ĺõĳʦҰһʵͦģ˵үүǰʲôš




734¹ŹֵϹ
 

ҵı  ˿棬ʵⱾǻӴ˽Ḷ́  ̳ӸղŻ˼̬ʵҲ֪ӦһˣֻʵǲôעЩǮ˵Ϣ
Ļôܲʶ˼أҲЩо⻪˼Ϥˣ  ̳Ҳɵ׼һһ£˵ǲǸɶģ
оڽôһ״ˣǾԲʲôͨˣڼ˼ҾȻʶĿԪϣ  ̳ʵЩʲˣϾһͨ˼ҳŮѣ
һԵ׺飬Ӳ֪˵
ĺеͷ˼̳ĻҲЦ
ҰֵƢرĹŹ֣ƿҲһĶȻҰĺãûչһ˰ɣ
̳Լĸ׳ʵʵҲֻ˵ԼĸӦ֪࣡
調̷̳ȷЩŹ֣̳˵̷ϲΧ壬ϲä£һ͸̷˸ŽϹ磡
Ϲ磿
˼ҲȤϹʲô˼ǵЩˡ
Ϲ˼һʼҲǼͷӲ̷֪һͬʱʮ壬Ҷä£ʱЩ˵ҾϹҲµĹǣ
⻰һڣ˲ΪʲôһϹ磬ѱһӡǰ
أ˼ЦʵĶӮ˰ɣҲ̫ˣ
ǸӮˣЩ˾ͿʼϹϹˣٺ̷ֶ˸ˣҶ֪иϹ磬û̷֪ˣ
ҲЦЦҪԼŮ˵Ļˣ  Ϊڳ誵ļ֮Уһգһʲô֮
˼üôôŹְһӣȥŰԼүүշ󣬾Ȼȥ壬ǡ
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̳һЩ֪Ӧô˵ˣһԵĻ˼̳̳ҩ˾ҸָϿģҪȻȥǱҲʡЩ˵
̳ҿҽԺȻ˵źһ㣬ǹҲߣȥǱ߿أҲ΢΢һЦ
׿ų΢΢һЦ̣ڹͷİɣԲʧģ
˼۰Ͱ͵Ŀ̳̳ҲҧҧʵҲνʲôطҪĻҶ֪ˣԺҾ͸ɰɡ
׹һֵɲǸҸɣҪȻھȥWһˣ
ӭӭǱǻȥι۲ιǵĶͥ¥̳Цŵ
ָ磬ȥW̸һ̸Ǳֳ飬˼ʵ
Wеĵλû൱Ĳģ⵹Ǻܺã׵ͷ
·Ǳ߱˵ɣһȥȥ˼ʵ
񳵰ɣռҲҲߵWҲĸСʱĳ̾͵ˡ׿Ż˼Цŵ
ĸСʱ˵ָɰôҲСʱҰɣ˼һֵ
ȵ˼ϳ֮󣬻˼ڸʻ֪Ϊʲô˵ֻĸСʱ  ٶʵ̫ˣҾȻͷʲôģGPSҪӦ飡  ʲôѧ
ҹ12ҳģĵһʱѾWеľڣ  W֮󣬳ѾǽķŻˣСʱأһһ϶ڳϢӦҲûϢã
ģһϨˣʱĲУ  ָ磬⿪ٶǷˣһ·㻹Ҫ񰡣˼ҲɫЩҰ׵˵
˵СӻҲ΢΢һЦWϵˣ
ûأô찡ӦҲһ绰飬ĿǰϻױƷڹʹڵӰǲϵҪ֪һƷֳ߽ĻǹҪЦˡ
˼Ҳ˵ʵȷģױƷȾûôأ  ϻױƷȾ֣
ҵ˭ӭأ  ǰ͵Ҽˡ
ָָ̳ǱһϳǵӿڣȻΪ˷ܵ˵




735»ٶδ̩ɽ
 

糿ңʻ̳ҵһС棡
׽֮ͣҲǸ˳
溮̹ǣ˸оһ⣬복ůͬ滹Ŀԣ
˶ŷ糯ǰţʱߵһϼ¥棡
СǾͽһ㰡ⷿӻǰַַ̳ӵʱֵģҲЩǸȻ˵
˵Ǽҵļͥĺһ㣬ͷ˭ϣԼܹĺһЩأ
аɣﲻס˼ų΢΢һЦ
̳Ż˼ô˵оһﻹͦģȻǮɲЩ˺԰ĸо
ֲ̳ɵӣȻû̸Щ׷Լһ˵ԼҵһʱҲ¶ֲм飡  Ȼǵ̳棬ܹеĸܵõ  ̳ԼҲ̫֮ˣҲϣԼܹһˡ
һǰᣬǾ˱Ҫı׼
ı׼ƺܸߣʵߣǾǹؼʱܹԼܹԼļˣܹТ˳Լĸĸ
Щ˵ЩӦõ  ȻЩӦõģʵжܹõأ  ̳֮ǰĶԺܶͬ˵˻ǰôôһȻһЩҳ̵£
ЩµıȴӦһ˵Ʒ  ˣ
һ֮һӴ˯£Щ˯˳  ֡
̳һԼϰ֮˶ȥ
̳ϰֻûзӦͱԼŮŪĲһĸˣ
̳㡭ô˰̳ϰҲǹЦ
һԼϹʱҲ̵Ͻȥղ谡
ǣǻզҲǰҴ绰ЩƵ˵
壬ߵʱѾҹʮˣ´Ϣԡ
˼һڵĹ൱һģҲ΢΢ͷ
λǡ
ˮȥ֮ҲǳŻ˼˿
ЦŵǱ̳Ǹʲô
ҶҶһЦû뵽û뵽Ǽұ̳ȻҲѻؼˣ
˿еѺ˿еѿɲһ  ǿеǸѣʵϾŮѣ  ̳Ƶ˿˿Լϰֵ֣Ϲ˵
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ȻˣǲԼŮģҪԼŮˣ
ǸʲôһʱȫȥԷ˼ҲЦ
ЦŵͷӰǴһ˰ǺǣһκҵĲҲȴһ׮˰
ʲôĲκˣ˵Ҫֲ𣿡ԭЦǺǵˣתһŵɫ  ֣ģҽ˫ǵְ̳ЦŵһǹҪҪϹүеġ
̷ʲô鰡˵ɣ΢΢һЦ
̷ӵСһ⣬Ҫ̷ҲһԽ͵
˿˼СЩѶȰ̷
̷ƢѾСǶ˵ˡҲЦǺǵ˵
˼˿ףЦŵ壬˵Ϲ˵ֻҪܹӮĻͻӦ˼һҪǰɣ
ǲ٣ˮƽʵЩߣ㼴ʤ㶼оʤ֮䡣־͸¡
ҲЦŵϹҲͦиԵġ
֣ҪȻʱһ°ɣһҪΪ飬ǱߵҲͦġ
̳ҲǿԼϵ˵˼ôܵWأ  ˼ˣһԼĸ׸ͻˣⲻʡȥԼܶʱ  Ż˼׵СżҲܽ߰ɣҪȻΣ
죿˼˿ʵ£
˴һҳԷҿһɣЦŵ
˼̰ڰֵ壬ȥʰɣ
զ°Ͱ調ҲһƵ˵
ͣҸ˵ҶһˡҲЩһ˵
ʲôͰʲôطЩü˵




736ֵ֮
 

ҿڣ
˶ǿͳڶԻǶ֪ʲô鲻ǣ  ʵʵõܣǱȽϵУ  ˵ʵǰһʱ򴦵ĶǲģеǮˡ
Ȼˣⲻʱȵص㣡  ˵һ͵ĽʦЩ˰ģ  Ǯˣܶʱ򴦴ѹһͷ޶żŮ  ҵŮҲʮֵˮ飬Ȼ̳һЩҲǷ׿ģ  ӦǲģҪȻҲܳôŮǣ
ߣǽ¥͡ЩƵ˵
˵Ĺĵĸʲô˼ԷͳԷ£ȥˣ˵ˣѺǶȥô°Щͬ˵
ΪôҳԷҸ㣬ںأ
˼ְô˰ôôأҲƵ˵
̳һҲЦŵ֣˵ܾܲͲҪҶȥ˰ûиʲô飬˵ˣǰìҲΪǿʤϰˡ
࣬Ů
̳ҲõĹϵֻ̳ƴѧ࿼һĴѧѣ
ʵ̳ڲŷ֣ѧĺһЩҲô£  һ²ҲøǧǮҽʲôģмӰడʲôģʵͦģ
̳֮ҲǽİìܸˣȻ֮ǰìҲΪҾԼŮĲرĺãҪ棡  Դһ֮󣬼ֻҪܹ¶鶼ǽһң  ֮ìܽһļӾˣһƵǣѾҶװԼȥʲô  ֮ǰһֱԥȥǲȥأڿԼһӻˣΪʲôȥأ
ʱ˶ֲԼ⣬ǾҪһ˵
˵ˣԼŮǽŵһλҪȻԼͲȥˣҪȻҾһȥ  ˵һ飬Ůඨ׵ӣΪʲôԼͷӻô  ҿǻǱȥˣҸһȥ誳
УŮڽԺģҪ԰ҵҪ԰ڸʲô
Ƣšͣɳ誺̳û뵽ƢȻšͳӣ
˼˿壬ҪȻɣ¥ҲһҸָҲеҪһ£
ãҪȻʱ¶ΰƵ˵
Ż˼Сôһ飬ܴܲӦ
ܣ
˼ҲһھʹӦˣδ̩ɽ˵ˣҪڲӦĻǳǷ˰  ЦŵʲôطҲǳԣǳȥҲһģ
ԶԶԣҪûµĻʹȥϹ磡ҲЦŵ
һʱ䣬̳Ĳˣȥˣ
˼һ磬ϵĵʱΣµʲôģĵذ񺿰
˼ԼоЩԲˣүҲ̫ˣ
ʦģīˮɲһĶడ  ʱ֣һ˾˳׼ǰ¥
Ż˼Ȼ˳Ҳ΢΢һЦ⳵С
һɣ˼ĸоԼĳǳһ㡣
˵񳵣ʵ˿ģֻǵʱΪģùã  ҪȻĻ⻪˼һʱỹҲĳ
ĳ϶ܳͶݣһ㶼ģ  ݣǰźͺǿɶλʱԵ΢ˡ
ȻǲУҲ׸ҪƽʱĻͺ˿ˣһǸָԸ˳  ⳵ƵöʮɣһЦʵ
ɡ˼Ҳʼ⳵Ҳ֪ɶۡ
ⲻĳŻ˼ʵ᲻Ҳ˵
˼Щε˵֪ˣ壡
̳ԼϰֵӣҲЩЦ֣
̳ҵȻҲҹ֪ˣ⼸һֱԣң
˼̳Цŵ߰ɣ
һ˳ܿ쳵Ӿ͵¥
¥Wɫһ¥ȴľ¥  WУ¥ҲŵϺŵ֣
¥ʱ򣬾Ϳһӭ˹  ˵ø簡˭
֮ǰ绰ʱ˵ԼҪüˣȻҲ⣡
ڻ˼Ÿִӳ֮Ҳֵʵ  ˵Ǽұ̳ѣǺǣñ̳ѣһWе飬ҾͰǺˣɣ
Ҳ΢΢һЦ




737°׵׼ҹ
 

¥ĳڣ
ЩŹֵĺܣƺôҲ˵  ڣ̳˳Ĭ࣬ϲ˰
ϲʲô߸ʽѡ̬ȿȥǳİ  ̳Ҳǲŭ̬Ҫ֮ǰҪúܶˡ
ͷϵһɽ׵ıĨȥˣԼˣҲһˡ
̳ɵץҿɸ˵ͷҪǲĻǺ˿ɶ˸Ԥſ̳ҲΪ˵
һԵǺǣ̳ǴгģǼұСйöô࣡
˵࿼ϹԱˣ̳Цʵͦõģȶûѹ
ǵȻˣ㲻֪⾺жôļҰǼŮְλ˵һһٶˣ¼ȡǼһ
ĸΪԺʵǰŪû˼  Ҳû뵽̳Ҳˣⲻһõ԰ڵĻ
ҪΪ̳ƴѧԼļŮʮ죬Ҳûڵìˣ  ׺ͻ˼Щεģ֮ļҳ̺Ͷ
ǴòǴǱߣ
̳Ĵָһֱͦģ
̳˵ڽԺֱӷĻԼȥģʵ
̳ʼڶԺģҴְȥĹ˾ȥˣ
ְǿҵλҪְҲסˡ
һԵЩü˵Ѿͷôû˵ҪְذɵĺúõĴְʲô
ͷӣŮͲҪˣ˺Լˣ
֪ԭίģ˵Ȼûٵ飬֪ͼĵ֪ġ
úúãҲˡҲ  ʱֽˣǱȽϵƷζģ  ׼ҹ
⼸˸һſڣǰѾǹֳк  ׼ҹ׼ĸ˰Цŵ
ǲ˼·Щ³΢΢һЦ
ӽǿĶĶ֮գ
׼ҹҸһ£λøɩ誣ǵŮ̳λǡ
ܵʱ˴һСʼһԲǱߣҲЩƣ  λСŮѡǿҲ΢΢һЦ˶ڽ
ԹԣǹҵĴаû뵽ǼŮŮдϢǿҲǹά˵˼䣡  һԵЦŵ׼ҹҪȻ
һһǿɶWбˣ˼⽭Ŀˣ˼ˣǿ΢΢һЦ
һĹػǶãڰֵش󣡣Сͱλɣ
ҲǣǿһҲЦ
ܿǿ˳ԼĶһҲǺܲ
֮󣬿һӻûпʼ£ҲЦŵø磬Ͻİ
˼Ǹоһֲصĸо
ǴһҳԷɴֵľٶʵҪһѿģ
ֲ֮ǰ̳ϰǿ飬ڿʵ˼ô벢Ǹڣʵڵģ
˶ȥڵӣȴоǢ  ׼ҹӵĺӣǲȾһӰЦʵ
ǿ̵ӦõӦõģǺǣ
һȦ֮Цŵø硢ɩ̳ҽʽĸǽһ°׼ҹǿWеŵĴϰ֮һ
ѽѽ׼ҹ֮ͲҪĴǿЦŵʲôϰ岻ϰģǸµⲻҶϲӣҲûͣ
ôһǿſǿҲɻʵ
ǿ֣¶һʿȻWиظгҲ¥дˣ˵ܲȥк𣿡
ظг
صظһ飬ʵҲ֪ǿĲСû뵽Լ׼ҹȻгʶ
ղҽ֮ǰѾȥкˣһظг˵Ҫߵƣ˵ظг𣿡
ǿȻλһָ㽭ɽĸо  ̵ǲܣǲܣظгô쵼ôܡ
ֻǾδʱ򣬰ѾǴˣ  һʮµӶžƱ˽ϴһ˿˿Цݣ




738»ٶô⣿
 

ظгǣ  WиĵWҲ쵱ʵȨ
ظг⼸һֱһ飬ڽӦǷǳƵģҲ࣡
ǿΪWеӪҵ֮һҲĺܲˡ
۽ӽһȻ˵ǮһӪҵϰҲǲˡ
ǿϲЩٵĽӴΪԺҲܹһЩ
ڣ
ظгǶžƱѾǿڵİ棡  ࿴ظгǵĵĵѾǹϡ
гô˰Ҹ׼ȥк
ǿһظгԼߣҲǸоԼΪӣʵһʼǲСС׵ġ
ԼӾϲ˼ҵŮʲô취أ
ǿҲֻܹҵһЩڸˣڵҲǸоǳĲ
һԼõģµʱԼ˸ˣ  ظгǿǿ΢΢һЦܰWеҵҴ֮һ˵ǵʳĸ
⻰˵Ŀĳ˶ûеطվ˰ǺǣǿɶĴ£ܹȡôһЩССĳɾ͵İ
ǿҲǵͷĿظгǣϾ˼ڸӣҲöŲǣ
ظгǻһܵȾһ˰ɡ
ܿ죬ظгǾôʼˣҲûһӰѾƶ꣬ҲǸǿˣ  ˼ôظгǣʵWУʶ˻ǲ࣡
ظгʶһԼĸͶʣӴĿɾλظгǣ
⼸λǣظгǿ˿һԵǿЦеʵ
У⼸λ׼ҹøһˡǿҲ̵
ʱоЩˣ˼ظгһԱĹƣ˾ľһĺܣ  ظгǿ˿ֿ˿ԱߵĻ˼üͷ塣
˵λСӣǳԷܲܰѿָ˰гƣǸʲô
ǿŻ˼ſ֣Ҳһƣ  ⶼʼԷˣѾſָʲôȻH9黹ڷͣϲ˵Ѿҵ  ڻÿſֳ𣿣
֮ǰǿǻûаѻ˼̫һ£ſôأ
ڲһ˰йˣִԵôͻأǣ
ظгǿ˿˼˼ҲվУҾɡ
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ظгǸ׼˵ɵ˼ѿָʱ˶סˡ
һԵʵзǳҲһ׼ҹʲô˲ģ  ʲôг˼Ҵɶĺƣô
оǲΪԼҲҵλŵĻĲʲôгػǵء
ɫһֱǺܺÿǿһǵӣһ
񿴵Сҵ׼ҹ˵ˣ
H9鷺ģ˼СզˣôСֵ  ˼ЦЦУֺüûм˰ɣ
ٶô˰ظгǿŻ˼ӣ˶ˡ
ԭΪǿҶӶ׶ѣҪΪǿʶùء
ϾǸWгиôйⰡǰİ
ҪΪһţô̹ػʶ˻Ǻܶ࣡
Ҫӡˣ⻪˼֮һϾ˼ǿ׸֮ӣ
͹ƾһ㣬Ѿη˰
ϸյⲻͱԷˡ˼˿Цŵ
ظгָλǣ
Уҽһ⸱гػĸԼ֣ţҲЩġ
ظгǿ˿˼˼Цŵδˣ
ٶǸҿЦİɣҪWеŮˣظгЦ
˼˿ظгǵУ£λϼŵֶ
ϼţظгǸоЩϤһƺ벻
ϻױƷ˼ҲһµظгһĴȵѽѽֶֶʧWУǾWеĹͰ
±ˣ  ظгӣڳ˶סˣ˻˼׻֮⣬˿⼸˾ǿŹһ㣡  ˿̵Ļ˼ˣǰ˶֪һ  ʵ̳֪˼ҲǺģЩŮЩĲǷǳĸȤ
Щ˾Ͳһˣ̳֪֪˼ģ
˼׻Ů֮е൱ĸߣ




739׻Ƶһ׸Ķ
 

ڣ  ˵Ŀⶼ˻˼׺һԵػ˵ϣ  ԭǣѾǳ׵ʧȥɫʵĸо  УûбҪôǺǣҲָػգȻЦŵ
ػ΢΢һЦӦõģӦõģֶ֪һWǡ
Уô˵ɣһǹһԭҲǿ졭˼Цŵ
죿ػҲǼĿŻ˼ʵô˼ٶ
˼ɫѾѿ˼㣡
ûκεİ취Ϊʲô̳ﶼҪѹԼһͷأ
ԭΪԼĹǿѾǹţˣԼĶ磬˼Wеﶼˣ
ֻλõһȴֱӸ̳ȺˣⲻǻĴ  ǿҲһεĿػǣʶ˼  ǿЦŵУ⡭λǣ
˵ܰ㻹ܲҴŰٶʶô˵أ ػһǿҲЩֵ˵
ҸҲǵһμ桭˼ת˿˿
˼
ԭֻǿŻ˼Ĳɵ˼ʱ˶!!!  һԵҲһ𾪵ĿŻ˼ǻٶ
ػʼһΪǶʶأǺǣҪȻɣֶٶ߸¿ᣬһģ
ԣ
˼ͷԭҲҪпյʱȥػǵģ
Ҳǵͷʾû⣬ʵʲôط蹤˵ν  ˿̵ػԼЦȥһԵҲЩֵĿ˿˼ʵ˵Сжʶ
ǰйһӵĽӴʱWĿ˼ҲЦ̳ҪȻһȥǱ߰ɣ߱Ͼ˼ҵĶ磬ôЩ̫ðɣ
ţš
˿̿Ż˼۶оЩŹˣ
ԼĶ羹ȻôţǾȻ֪ˣ
˿ﻹʲô˼ȥ̳Լо̳ʵ̫ţ̫ţˡ
⻪˼ʲôˣҲͲ׸ˣô̳Ⱳӿ¶ҪѹԼһͷˣ
һ˼ǾǴɽһѹԼ
ǡǸҪµĻæǿ˿̵̬ѾǺ̫̫ˡ
ǿػǶ⼸˵̬ȣѾǿԿó⼸Ƕôţˣ
Ȼڻ֪⼸˵ʲôͷԼŮʶ˼ң  ǿȻһҵңڻ˼ǲô˽⣡
ϾһЩ֮⣬Ϻ˻ע׸֮ӣ
ɫĺܣԭҪԼ׼ҹѹһѹ˵ģʵ˰
Լ׼ҹȻ˵Ŀ䲻ܹǸػǣ
ôҲһõиɣôһ̬أ  ⣬ʵǲܹ⣡  ˿̬ѾǱ÷ǳĲˣ΢΢һЦ˵õܰ㿴С쵼ˡ
ø磬¾ȥæɣ
ЩƤЦⲻЦĿǹӱ֮л޷ɢȥǿһ⵽ô£  ̳Ż˼ҪȻɣȥ£Ҷһ棬ʱߵʱһ߲ڹȥҲ̸飬óĶ粻𣿡
ҲУ̳һҹǣ
˼̳΢΢ͷӿȥ˳ӵĺܣһӦ൱ǿİ  ̳΢΢ͷһţȥɣ
׺ͻ˼ȥӣҲЩĿ˿һң
ʵ˵ʵھԼҲһͷˮоһֲʵĸо  ԼŮʶʲô˰˼һõиﾹȻôĿ
˵ø簡Ǽұ̳гϢ˰ҸѶôţ֮жһ˿ζ
һԵ̵裬̳ǿ׻ƿǧǧŮ˼һٶ˼û뵽Ȼҽεͷˣ㣬ǰһֱ㲻ңɽó׷ˣţ
ѾͷɶأһԼŮЩҲʵ
̳΢΢һЦ࣬Ҷ֪˵Ǹɶ
㣬㻹װҶû뵽Ȼôţ׷㣬Цŵ
˵డղʶЩɻʵ
ʵһҪ֪Сͷϵ˶Ҫ֪
˵ٶǶ֪ǻŷŵٶ׻Ƶһ׸Ķӣ˼




740Ϲ
 

¥
˿ڳһ𾪣ȫ׸ͷžͺˣ
ǿģȻ֪ν׸ζʲô  һԵƺûô֪ˣҲ𾪵Ŀ
һ׸ǮûбԼĿˮǺ  ֣ʲôкǮ˼ǧأ˵ûǮҸ˵Ǽұ̳㣬ԺɾĺŹ˰ҲһĽĿ̳
̳˿ҲЩ𾪣ʵЩ⻪˼׵ͷСϾܹʶˣͷСʲôطȥأ  ɵ˵˼ݵʱˣ  ϵˣûд𾪵״̬иع  ̳զ㲻˵أ
ͳҲһǳ誣֪СҵӦǲġ
ôҲûǲˣЩоĪˡ
һɲʵĸоӿͳ誵У  ̳΢΢ҡͷʵ֪˺ţҲ֪˼Ȼôţ
̳ǸղλֶһԵҲЩĿ˿̳ʵȻҲǳ˺֮ģ  ̳΢΢ҡͷĲ֪˼Ǹʲôˣֶ֪ͻ˼һ˸˾ʲôһ֪
ļٵİۡȺֻǡҲ̾һ
һٷԵķЩƵĺܣ  ˵ĻҲѾʼתƵˣһ˵ʵҲǻ£  Ϊ飬ȻЩǰӵĸоˣ  ̳ϵĻͣҲҴһźԿԿóһҶһҵ̬Ҳڱ仯  ˵ʵ֮ȴҲ֮飡  ס˼ػ̸ţWڽһأҲ֮ȷ  ͵ռܲWǩԼˣ  СʱĹ̸ѾǽˣػǱͱȽϵæµ׵Ҳûߵȴ̫ã
ϣ  ˳극뿪¥˳ӣ˿̵ͳ誶ڻ˼̬ҲǱЩ  ̳Ż˼ҲһЦݺΣҲûκΰ취ģ
壬ھȥ̷Ǳߣ˼ҲЩɻʵ
Ǻǣ£ȥǱ߹һȦҲ޷ھǼҲԶһϹ棡
Ż˼ҪȥҲЦŵ
Ϲ磿һﵹҲͦϲԳİҲЦ
ǻ˵̷ԼϹϲĽЦŵǻ˵̷ʵ̸оЩͷء
壬ôͷԷ˼ҲЦʵ
Ż˼ϼһﰡƾԼո߳ڸ˲ٵͷӮԼԵһ齱𰡣ֻǿԵõʲôӰʲôģοͺܶ࣬ܶ˶˵
Ҳ㲻ϵɣǺǡ׿Цŵ
˿׵˵ֶҪҪͨϼһȥӵĻҿ¿ĲǺܴ󣡣
ЦЦʵڲеĻֻԼˣ
˼Цŵָ磬ղ˶аҪĻҶ֪ɶˡ
ոʦղҲһ־һʱ˵
ļٵİȲˣǱȲ˰˼ĻҲһȻ˵
һ߿ųһЦŵʲôȵ˱Ȳ˵ģ壬ǰǸϹǵģ
˵Ĺ⳵ѾǿʲôϹĸ  ΢΢ͷţߣ
׳鿴˿һԵҲЩĿ˿ף  ʦ磬绹ЩŹ֣һɲѰϢҲü
׵ͷ˿飺ȥ֪ˣҵǸоһ󷨵ζ
ţȽȥɡ
Ҳǳ΢΢ͷҲǸоһ޵Ϣ
ϢͬߵϢһ˼׽
ȥˣ
ϰǺ˵̵ģ
⽱ҲǺõİӮһֿһ򣬿һҲԼóٰ
ղиһ20ֲߣϹһĵ׬Ǯ
Ϲ磡
ܶ˶վſָָ㣬ǺƺƵ߽棡
ʦ磬⡭⾹Ȼ֡
һ֮Ϲһоָˡ
ܹ𾪵ĶϾǰⶫľˡ




741
 

֣  һ֣Ǳһָɽֹĸо
ֵɽҲ൱ĳΪΪ֣ʵΪһΪǿ󷨣  ҲΪʲôղ׺黹ûн͸ܵϹΪʲôôĲͬ  ʵϹ̷ҲǷǳˣһﾹȻҡڵĽֵĲоָ˴֮ڣ
Ķ֮ˣǶȻ֪һйϵˣ  飬û뵽־ȻһҲڰ
ϵ֮ɫ˿һԵ飡  ԭɽ֮û뵽׽羹Ȼˣ  ʦ磬ֵȻסɵۼǿߣȾ׺󷨺Ȼʧɽ֮Уû뵽
Ҳû뵽߾Ȼ֣  ڤڤ֮ж
Ҳǳ΢΢һЦȻҲ¶һ˷֮ɫ
֣  һֵĺ˵Ļ׻бҪһһˣ
ӣʤ
һ߳һͷɥӣһΣ  ̷̷
һ˳ˣҲǸϽ˹ȥ  ̷Ų豭֮ϣһƢŹֵĺܣĹϵҲǲģ  ҪľΪ̷ǵʱ
̷ֶ˶԰ɶ˸оҲǲһġ
˵սأǸɶ̷һż˾ͽˣҲһεĿ
û¾Ͳ˰Ů׻һˣæ
̷Ҳһ˵ϣ̷Լӣ  ǣ̷ĲԼӣ
ȻˣǲԼӣҲðѻ˵ǣôҲ˼С֪Լ  ׿˿̷֣һﱾûκεԣ֣  һɹֱӷĿԶУ
ɽ֮У鷢һЩ˿һЩֶνз续֣ٱ֣  ķǱһϴǲʵȴĿԣ  ֻǽɽ֮󣬾Ҳǲٵģ  ֣ǿܹסɵۼǿߵ󷨰
ȻǱʵܲǿЩֶ࣬ȴҲǲЩһ֮У
̷ֳһԵһ˵õõãҾͲҵˣרǻУ
̷ⵢⲻ̫ðɣҲ΢΢һЦо̷ǸԼӵģ
̷ֿ˿˵ϼҴڵƣ϶ʲô£ǿҪģҪǳĻǻ硭
̷ȻҼǰɣ̷ҲЦ㻹¡
ʲô˵ɡ̷ֿҲЦŵҲӦ֪ҵĹصİɣ
ͲƸ̷ʵ
˵ʲô飬˵˵̷ƺҲһһ۵ġ
˼˿̷̷ǰɣջ֮ǰ̳˵ǹ͢ĺ
Ǻǣ鵹Ҳ٣Ȼǹ͢ĺ˵ˮƽ治ô
̷һڣڻؾŻ˼һ·ûУ
̷
ư̷ʲô鶼˵ɾ鲻ãǾ  £ȴһҲ᲻Ȥ  ٷĻҲΪ¹ˡ
ǲ˵ˣҾĺôǲҸǵʹɣⲻҵİá
̷ֱһڻؾˣ˿϶ǳԼͷġ
ʵϣ֪ͷѾ֮ˣɻǱ˸˵ȥˣ
̷̷ֵ̳壬һڽٰʶʳȥҪΪܹܰӵȹҵˣΪ׻
ס̷ⱲֻһǾ壬Ǹҳʲô尡ʲô尡⻹ĸϵ
̷ְڰ֣˿һεĶ˲豭
̷̷ֵһӶң
̷΢΢ҡͷҲӣҪȺ֮ӮңҿԴӦһ顭
˭֪Ӯ̫ˡƵ˵
һ̾Ϣ׿˿̷΢΢һЦǶһΣ
ţ
̷ԭѾ׼Ϳˣɾ͵׼վ֮ʣȴһ˾ȻҪģ




742ѵ
 

Ϲ磡
̷ʵҲȻԼôأ
û뵽Ϊ˿϶Ҫʱ򣬾Ȼһվ˳  СӣҪҶģ
̷һҪĵʱҲǶ˶٣Ȼ¶һ˿Цݡ
׿˿̷ЦŵҲģĹز𣿡
ٺ٣СӣҶʲôĶҿɲģҪĵĻֻһǾ壡
̷ҲԼֱ˵˵  ҪԼĻĲˣΪİþ壡
ԣ΢΢ͷľǲӦأ
ʲô˼
̷ЩɵĿ˿ףʲôľأ
һ뵽һӮԼҲνˣ˵ûκĿԣ
׿˿̷ֵӮˣôӮˣô
ô淨̷ֻǳʵ
׿˿̷ֺٺһЦɲһλĶʳĻô˼ǣΪūΪͣҲôӦ

̷Ҳһʲô˼ͶĸֶѣôͶĳأ  Ҫô˵ĻҲԣ΢΢һЦ
Ȼ֪ӮˣʲôܹҵĶأ
̷ЩĵĿһףһﵽʲôֵܹԼҪĶأ
̷ûУԼȴǼҪĶ
ȻӮֶľûǿûţ  ׿˿̷΢΢һЦ죡
ʲô㡭̷һ䣬һ֪ܹ֮ڷһ𡭡
Ȼԣ
׿̷Ҳ΢΢һЦҲ֪Լó㶫һﻹҪһֱװȥ
ܹӵֵˣȻǷӣ  ̷ȻûʵȻֵ֪ģĻһ˵ֵʱΪʲô˴ķӦأ
Ҹղ׺ʱԿԸоóϹһ󷨵Ϣ
˵̷ӦѾֵһЩ壬ڳԣ
ʱ׵ͻȻ̷֣˵һ£  ˿˵⡭̷ǲǳ˰Ȼ˵ڷȥˣǸڷ
ڷô˰ֲ˼ҵĹ뷿̳ҲЦŶԼϵ˵
һԵĳ̵ɲ̷֪һ˰ǰǵԷʱ򣬾ͷԼڷģ֮вŷ̷֣ڷȻһ͵֣
֣һհ˼Ҳ΢΢ҡͷҲˣָôⶫҲ죿Ǹʲô⣿
ǻǲ֪֮˵רҵЩƵʵ
˼ʼ»԰ôܹҵͻƿܱϹεǿ
̳Цŵʵ׻ƵĴǣ벻̷ĻҲδǰɣ
ٺ١
˼Ҳǲ˼ЦЦʵһινʲôϹ粻ϹģҲһӶѣ
ҪĿĻǸ̳һWУҲǸ̳ĸĸ죡  Ҫܹö̷Ļٺòˣ벻أ
һĿѾǴﵽˣֻû뵽ָ羹ȻԼҪģ
˵ʵûʲôȤĻ׻ó֡
ֵĳ֣׺ͬʱȤ
һ£Ժɽ磬ǺȻסһλɵۼǿߣʲôĸ  סһɵۼǿߣոһɵۼǿͬҪģ
ֲɵӣô򵥵ĵܲ
̷ԼϹоܹоһЩҪǽֵһЩ󷨵İĻδһܹһ¥  ̷ֵڷ֮У
߽ȥʱȴһ˶̾Ͷ֮ⷿУ  ֣أȻʮ㰡׿˿̷΢΢һЦ
֮ˣ̷ֿ֮ Ҳ  ׿̷΢΢һЦڿ̷㻹֪ܶ鰡һҲףȻ㶮ôĶΪʲôὫֹ룿
⡭ѵ
̷ҲЩƵ˵ѵȻ֪ô£̷ҲһĴģ  ֻһ˸ֵ֪ô¶ѣ  ҲΪ𾪵Ŀ˿̷֣û뵽⾹ȻѵҲ˵֮ӦҲһλľԸ֣  ֻȻܹݵһʵ׸оЩֲˣ




743˭˵Ӿͻղˣ
 

̷ֵڷ֮У
˿̵һ𾪵ĿףѾǱĳԼݣ
̷һֱ֪Ĵڣ̷ֻҴ߶ҲΪѵ  Ǵǻ켣֮Уܹ֣ܹ磡
ֵĴˣ׿̷ʵ
̷΢΢ͷ̷汲Ķܹ˲࣬үүǱѧ˸ʦյĻ¶ˣ
ȷÿһ˶嶼ŷǳ˽ģʵҲҪ츳㻹ⷽ츳
Ҳ΢΢һЦҪ˵ƽ֣Լûģ
Ϊ־˵ûܹƽˣҲ˺ܶ˶Ϊ־Ǻģ
ֱһɽսһλߺճֱΪ֣ѹ˵ɵ۾ǿߣ
һʱ䶯ɽ磬λ߾˵ֵĿ֮ˣҲһλĳ
ǰ֪һμкιɣ̷ֿҲЦеʵ
Ǻǣ벻Ҫһڣ׿̷΢΢һЦʵ
ҵڣôأǿѾ˲֪ˡ̷ֿ΢΢ҡͷʵ
Цŵ˵ԣȻˣպɣȻҲܹǼˡ
ɣҲܳɣ
ʵ̷˵׻ǸӶѣȻһЩоġ
ҲоѣΪ쿴ףǡҲֵ֪ĻǷʲôĴˣ
ɣκһ˵Ƕһּµջ
̷ڲһ˶ѣܹջ  Բܣ  ˵˵ɶֵʱ̷ЩŹˣ  ΢΢һЦ˵ʵѾһЩ˽⣬ʱյĻʱͻΪһλĸˣ
žԲȱǼûУ
Ȼ˵ţôأϾרҵأ
̷ָϽ¹ллǰЯʵ̷ѵ˵˭Ҫϳ̷֣֮˾Ҫ˲ǲ
ֻҪʶУ
ư֪ô򵥵Ļֺαôķϻأ  ֻҪʶУѵ̷һεἰѵ
Ҳ׹ˣѵʵ˵û
磬ʵɽ磬̷ҵѾǶϤһУ
ڼ֮󣬿»ܹݳһĻ  ׵ЩȻҪ̷ҵܹݳĻ˵Ҳһλˣ
Ȼ˵ĻԺ͸Ұɣ΢΢һЦһֽܶĶܹĶϤİ壬Ժɽ̷ʱ㶨Ȼһͻƣ
ллǰллǰ
̷ָϽ׵л׽ƨʲôģûκε˼
ҵ֯һҵһλߣ˼ҲԸԼֶΪأ
֣ŸоͦţģҲţа
װڰ֣ʵڸ̷ֽ̫ĶûκεôΪⲻˣ  Ѳڸʲôܹסɵۼǿʲôģ˵ȥҲñöа  ֻҪ̷һ˼о֣ʵҲ͹ˣ
վţ׺̷˽һʱʱ䣡  ȵһγʱ˵ĿⶼǾۼ̷ֵϣ
˼һ׳̵ָ֮磬զˣ
壡
׿˿̷֣ȻҲҪ˼λδʥһЩӰɣ
ҪԼӮλδ̳ʥ֣˵ȥ˼أ
̷̷ûв´Ļһθ˼ҴƽְɣʵҲ壬ֻˮƽһ㣡  ȴ̷֪ˮƽܸߣ񿴵ֶСС;Ȼ˵ҲǾˣ
̷ܹƽ֣Ѿ൱Ĳ˰
̷׵ĻҲ΢΢һЦ˵գҸʰ·磬ԺҾ͸ˣ
̷㻹Ըķ䰡̷Ҳһ𾪵ģһʲôʱô˵ˣ  ˼һ⻰Ҳ̴˸ָǿʶʳ˰
̷ֿ˿˼λСֵܣʵ˵ʵүүĲߵУȥղ˵Ļǻɱˣ
ȥ˼˿̷ֵ˵̷Ѿô
˭Ӿ͵û˵İô˵ɣһĳӻǱȲңҪȥ˼Ҷıȣҿ϶ҲȲˣ
̷ҲΪǣӲƭ˼˰ɣ  ׿˿˼ȥ˵ɣ˵ˣһεĹʳ׻ֲû˲μӣǰɣ
Ҳǣɣ˼ʵ뿪ˣֻʱһʱ߶ѣ




744¹
 

̩꣡  ʶʳ￪Ļ
ʳÿٰһΣÿһεľٰضһʳȴǷǳȨģ  ΪŹ֮ʳ߾磬һضϵĶ׻ƣڴ  ˵ʵЩԼ׻ƵʳһȲ˿ã
ЩӺ֮ˣֿû֮ˣ
̩ĳ֮ڣһһСʵӵ֮ڣ
پ׻Ƶʳȥɫζȫ
ʵӵֽҼټĴˣ  һμҲǷ˼֮ǰ׻ƲμӹʶʳĿľΪܹùھ  Ҫ֪ÿһεĹʳǽɶ൱ķġ
ǵһʳAǣһλFʹ˹ھʱĽ͸ߴ𣡣
Աߵˣһλ׻˽ʷ£ȥӦҲһλʳң  ʷ¾⻪̩׻õķ֮һ˰ɣʷЦһʵ
پȷ׻ķ֮һˡ
ʷ¼һӵĲˣķ֮Ҳһҡͷ
ֻһ֮ûκεʳ
ʷ¾Ҳò˵һ䣬׻νʳֱڣĺܡ
˵һ˿˿Ե÷ǳĸ߰
ʷ±˵ҲһӶûУҲǶһԵķԱ㡭ϽҰǵܾҹҲǸ˳Եǻ̩Ҫ벻óӣǾͲҪ
˼ܲڡԱҲһƣ
װ棬ǳԸô
˵ˣʲôҲһӣѾһ潲ƨ  ʵ򲻵ǳӣԼҲһλʳңĻûʸװˣ
Ͻģ֪˭Ǽټ峤ҲμӶʳĶ֪Ҫǻ̩굡˼پĻʱֻҪһ仰ܹǻ̩Ųţ
ʷ¿ǸԱЦһҲһ͵ĺ
⡭ϵ˿
ԱҲһϽϵһҪĳĻʱùĿ¾˰  Ҹ㣬֮ڼܾŲҳ㣿ʷ¿ǸԱЦһ
̩칫ң
˿ڽӴ˼׵ˣٶͻȻݹ٣ܲ
յûжãþ绰ˣ
ԭǲȥģǻٶߣһҪִ˵ĻʱҲճǣ
˼˿һԥģɶŤŤİлֱ˵
ٶһ£˵ǵĲѳԵ˼㣡ЩƵ˵ȥ
ǻ̩겻ѾͣӪҵһεĹʶʳǳаģֻӴѡֺʳרҰɣ˼ʵ
ǰٶ˺ǲѡ֡
ȥ˭ҪǸһ̩µģҲùģģ˼ҲһƵ˵
û뵽򣬵ȷһܱʰͷʦʵһЩģǻ϶˼ҵ棬ﻹֵõǹڰ  ǻ̩Ǯ˼ҲҲûа취ǣ
Щʵµɺܼ򵥣ǾǱʵǿĴ⿴ϱķǷǳ飡
ڵİ䣡  ˿ѾۼһЩˣʷߴߴ۵ĸŮԱ˵ʲô
˵֮һִǰԱһҲЩң
ƾʲô˰ǲ˰
ķڣһȥʮŮ˽
ҵİ䣬ȥ
ǰŮЦһ
Ǵ˾ǲԣҹʷ㻹ǲǸˣǲҪ̸ŮǸǸŮʷ
Ӵǣҵʱ˭أ£㻹Լ̲˻զΣʷ¿ǰµŮ
ʷ£˼һԱʲô£¿ʷҲЦ
£ûҲǿ˲ǣ˵ϵͰڼپϵϣֳǰɣپλСĸףǵǸųƾǵһĹʤԴ
ʷ¿żҲǿЦһԵĹһֵʱɫѿ˼㣡  Լĸ׾ΪǸʲôټ֮һֱѻ  û뵽Ȼһε˼ټˣ
ټٲμʳǼÿһβμӶǶڣζžʧܣ  ߣʷ㲻Ǽټһѣ磡Ƕڵ
ŭһһֱҪԼĸױ𣬿ˮƽȻܲûʦָ㻹ǲУ
£ʷһߣ˶ŭˡ
һԵļٿ˿ʷµΣҲһ˵Ҫ¸Ӯ˵˵Ǹ
£پҲҸһ˵ҪӮ˵˿ͷϴʷһǼֹ֮ҲָʹĿŹʵ
پʵ̫ˣ˰ĳԸ𣿡
ڹɫʱһԵԬǴǸӹĻѾߣ
Ϊһιʳһλ񳿵ĳҲǱܹע
ûпʼҩζѾŨҵ˼㣬⵹û뵽
ôĹʶʳûһ죬δѾǽˣ




745ҰӦ
 

̩꣬İڣ
һβμӹʳкܶ࣬Ժܶ಻ͬҵĶУ
ȻЩҲǷֳ˺ܶС壬ӹ˾ϲ׻Ƶʳ
ΪǸϣǵʳʵԴ׻ƣ  һεľٰز׻ƵĻǾԲµģƫƫһεľٰ׻ƣ
һֱϲ׻ˣһȽϼ˿ȵˣ׻ƺ֮仹йܶĲ죡  үүǵʱľ֮ˣҲΪʲô˵ѵԭ
Ҽɲǵһ׻ƣȻܶ׻˶ϲˣ  Ǹ׻˿ĵ̬ȣǸӵĿ
񳿣㾹ȻҲμһεĹʳˣһԳֵĻ񳿺ԬǣҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
٣ǼټųһΣҿҲġΪҾֻлǰӹܹ¡
٣ǻǵڣǲѧѣмĿ˿񳿵
ӹĻƼҺǼټĵλǲġ
ʵ񳿼ҲǷǳǮģ˼
Ȼˣͻ˼ȣǿ϶һεˣ  Ҳ֪Ԭ׻Ƶһ׸ŮȻ֪ļֵ
ƼҪѸٵ׻ţǾͱҪͨһЩ;
ʵҪ׻׬Ǯļ壬ֺֹƼһأļѲɾͲ
˼پһе첻н𣿡񳿿żЦҽߵڸʲôأ
ʷ¿Ż΢΢һЦߵķʮֵҪ⻪̩ܾǸ
ǺǣⷹĲ˵ȷѳԣ赭д˵һ䣬һԵԬǳѳ㲻Բڿѵ仰ûѳԵĶǱ˲ãǸֱΣ
Ԭϲ񳿣Ϊģ񳿷׷
ǻԼҵģڿȻ˵ԼҵķѳԣȻҲǲˡ
񳿣ߵŮ˺ܲ°ۿԬǡ
ʼⲻҵĹϽΧ֮ڣ
ʷ¾ϽЩ˹˿£ȻС׻ˣССĶעҽӡ
˿̣ڣһƣ
µĸ׹ʤԴǵǵĵһɾʮǰһʳϣʤԴ˼¡У
¡оǼĸף  ʤԴΪ˾ȻѻһƺѾΪ˹ʤԴԶʹ
£ΪʤԴΨһŮƺ˸ԳصĶ  ֪ԼҪԼĸǾͱܼټˣЩҲƴѧϰգ  ĳȻܴ󣬵Ǿ붥ȴһЩģ
һҲǱμʶʳΧżߣҪĶùھҲΪ׵ģ
ҪӲĸһѣоԼûʵ  ͷûʵǿгȥװĿ϶Լ
ʶʳȫĹעҲĸߵģҲΪʲôԼĸǸ¡֮ ѻ  ʵĸҲǳһֹ˵ϣԼԲԼˣ  Ҫ˸˹µǸĻҪԼĸ֪ˣǻӵĸоˣ  ʱ²̫ܰ  ʷ¿Ź£ôҲþǵһʤԴŮû뵽ȻһССսҽӣ
ҡ
ˣʵǲ֪ôش仰ƫƫʱȴû֨  һЩĿ⣬米һ㣬о쳣ܣ  ޳ˣ˼Ȼ޵ֿ֮ⱻ裬ֱɱҪܣ
ﲻӦ
ڹ֮ʣ׵Ѿ˽
˵Ŀⶼ˻˼׵ϣƺǿ󣡣
ҡ
ҪӦȴҴӦʵΪ䣡
ߣҸپȣҿֱӹ¸پǸˣ
ʷ¿Ŀ˿׺ͻ˼ڱмţһӵĹ¸򰡣  ģ׿˿ʷ΢΢һЦʵ
ʷ¿׾ȻԼЦſ˵ҴôˣһԱѣ
žž  ΪĴֱʷµϣ˲㿴ݴѪպɵĳ˵ǰ  Ŷۣ  ׺ʲôûзһ㣬תͷżҪĵģҰӦˡ
ԭ׻Ĵ㿴֣ʲôʷЩ׵ļŭ˵׻һܰˡ




746º
 

ǣӦˣ˭
ЩĿףڵҲͣһЩ
㲻Ҫ˭㺦ˣ
֪ʲôʵǸ鳣һ￴ƺܸ߰Ҳǳף  Һ£Ȼ˵Ҽټ˻Ầ±˵սֱǼټ˰
ЦһȻ֪һﵽǴʲôطðģأ
λǡ
һԿ˿ףĳɻһﵽ˭  һͶְǸ޵ʷ¸ˣʹˣΪɶҪԼӦأ  Լٷ֮ٵĲǼĶ֣һ֪֮Լзǳ  ǳһ˫ɼǰǵʱԼ֪Լôˣ
׾ͺˡ׳ŹЦЦһԵĹ»ɻ󣬿ɵ˼ʱ˶һˡ
˵ʵǲʶǻ˼ܲʶ
ʶ˼ĻǾԲһģΪ˼׻ˣӹɵġ
Ϊ׻ΪǮĸ֮һ¾û˼ôܻЩһأ
˼˿Ȼ˿׵ָ磬ва
˿ɲ˵ԼУ㿴ʲôʱй׿Ż˼΢΢һЦǱ־ԵŵЦһε¶˳
˼֪Ϊʲôһȱ־ԵЦ֮ƺһˡ
˼Цһʲôٵǰɣ
򣡣
һøԪһǲһ׻õĳӹո԰Ҹ㣬ԸԾͳԣԸԾͱԣô֪ô
˼ɲһӣСƺЩţ  ׻ʲôأ
㡭Ż˼
һԵ࿴żģСҸٶô˵Ųñ˺죿
񳿿˿мһЦٶ׻Ǯļ壬ķƺһ񰡣
ʲôǻٶЩһˣǻٶΣǼټ壬ҪصĴ۵ģ
׿żˣСͱ߳ȥ˰ʲôͻֲ治𣡣
ҿ̩ͷǳĺã
һתѾ뵽һ⣬ʵҲԼվŲдһеģ  ҲСӸղ˵ɶզûأ˼ԼһͶĶ˿ɫѾ൱ѿ  СθҲͦ󰡣Ҫ֪һǼķ꣬ôҲͶʸʮڲܹɵģ  һھȻ⻪̩꣬ǵ͵ĺڰ  Ȼ治ǻ˵ʲôأЩź˵
СӾȻڵļҲǹΪİ˼ЦһȻԸ棬Ҿˣ
ܣˣ
ԬһҲ𾪵ĿŻ˼ԭֻΪ˼Щ֣û뵽Ȼһ̩Ϊע
ԬǵԱߣǻҲ˫ð˵ٶǷǳŰ
ûŸиëϵģ
˼ԭͿӲǷǳˬһܹɹԼעҲһ°  ңȻٶĻҲ㻪ٶһɡ
񳿴˿¶ԼɲܹĿӮôĶɣ
һ̩ļֵǿڼƵģ  ֻһһǧĻ񳿻ĲԸﻪ˼
ѾôһǮˣһ־Ͷһ̩꣬һ˻ò
Ҫܹһε׻֮Ӯ߼ʮڵĻԺƼҵĵλ;Եȹˡ
ڸոսֻƼңԼЩ飬ϾƼ峤λÿɲôġ
һιʶʳ񳿵ĿǱһ  񳿣ʲô˼Ԭǳ׵ŭˣ˼˿Ԭǵ֪ʲôЦ滢ô˼ǽʵʵڱͱһ㻹˼Ǯذɣ㡭
Ԭɫǳѿ񳿵Ҳŭ΢΢һЦֻ㻪ٶһ£֪ٶʲôҶأ
ǶǿҵĻ̩갡ãȻ˵Ļһŷڽһһ̩꣬óеҸǶԶģֻʲôʱҶأ
˼ǰҲЦһڵǰϣȫѹ׵ϣȻһĵûУ




747ҰʮĻ
 

ǼټھһƵ꣬ǻֵ̩ӦҲ࣬ԸһЩ
ʵԭĻûôĺڣΪһ׻Ƶĳգ  û뵽Լʷ¾Ȼ˸ˣҴ˵׻ΪǮ˼ҵĶ֮һ  ֪鵽϶Ҳǲ֮  ϾʷֻһżټλʳҶѣټΪһССʷ¶˻˼Ĺ
Ȼǲܵ飡
ټ˵ҲǳվտѣȻкܶҪʲôĶϲǼҵĶ
ǱϾҲֻЩ Ǳжôǿ
Ҫ岻ϵǿֻһ취ǲϵľȡ㹻У
ǮˣȻλͲһˣ
⻪˼Ϊʲô򲻸ţԭ򻹲Ϊ˼ǮѹټǮ  ٶپƵȷľһҵλüѣֵӦøǻ̩࣡
ھƵҵǷǳ˽ģɫľƵ꣡
ΪƵҵ̳ȻҲƵģЩǱԱģ
˼˿
ֻҪһ绰һСʱ֮ͿݺͬˣΪʲôôţ  Ϊͻ񳿲࣬Ҳ½ļ峤ֻǶһͬص㣬Ǿڹ涼Ե÷ǳۣ  һڳԳɸӣʵо˶֪⼸Ǻʵֵġ
ջ󱳺󣬶һ޴Ŀӣ
Ϊ˼ɵӣ˼ɵӵĻ˼ҵĲƸۼٶôôĿأ
࣬ǩͬ˼˿
ЩԥĿ˿˼ٶټĳա
˵˵ĻôΣǩǩ˾͵ӣ˼ں˵
ʵںȻҲںĵΪ˼ָһӶ֪׬˶Ǯˡ
øʮڳָܹôأ
ˣҲˣ
Ӯ˵ʱԼֿ׬һʣ˼ԽԽĵ֣
οԼϵҲ˵ˣ˲ԣף˼ǿԵ֣  ڻУҲΪرһ
¶һ˿ЦݣһԵĻֱתȻһֱ˼ôŪ飿
ڻ˵Ӯһ̩ǹȻǺãɼȻˣҪõȻǸˣ
񳿰۹ⶨ˹µϣµĸ׹ʤԴų׻ƾǵĵһںžԲǰ׽еģ  ʤԴһǣ
νʵġƶɣڼص䷽ƶɣ˼ζģ
ӹʵһӹ׻ƵĿζЩģһƼҵĲҵڰӹ׶߼ݵ  ׶ͼݵɶԵĳУߵ׻οͷǳĶ࣡
ܹǵġ˸ѧĻŻƼҵǱڵĺã
һιһ˲μӹʶʳ֮⣬һҪĿľһЩǳõ׻Ƴȥӹ  ǳĿ׻ƵķչǱδڰӹǿһв֮ģ  ٶǻƼڼݵһƵ꣬ƵֵǱǻֵ̩Ҫ߳ʮڣ
񳿿˿˼¶һ˿Цݣ  ׿˿񳿵ͲҪں༸ټڵ顭
ȻҲЩ鴤ļڶںǵȻĻǻƼҵƵעɣ˻̩껹üһ
ôһл˵ƨš˼ŻЩͷ˵
һεӦǹ¹Сɣ΢΢һЦȻĻôһ㶫óôҲ˵ȥİɣҾǲӦðѹʤԴġҲΪע
㾹ȻҪҸ׵⣿
̰ڰֵ⡰ʲôѲɲ֪ǿ׵ĵӰ  С㣬㸸׵ĶȻҲҪ˷ģȻѾڸɳʦˣˡ
Ҹ׵⡭
׿˿µС㣬ŲңҵĻʹӦ
ҡ
ЩˣʵĲף˼ȴأ  ⶫȷԼ׵ĶôܹԼ׵ͬóأ  £Ƕˣ
ڹԥʱһȥʮµߴӰ˽Ĵһۻϲ˭




748¼忴˥
 

֡
һˣ˶סˣԼϰ־ȻҲڽҾڻ̩꣡
ôõأҪ֪ԼϰڼһϾǰ̾ÿһԼʱ򣬺Լĸ²ؼ
һĳôܻķأ  ʤԴԼԼһأʵÿһԼŮǰŸճȥμӴǺŸŵġ
¶棬ÿһγҲǾĴһ  £⡮ȻǣأȻٶѾôˣһ䷽أ
ʤԴ׺ͻ˼֣˿ǵĵһҲ¶һ˿֮⣡  Ҫ֪ʤԴȻ˵ļ¡Уôأ
Ĺʳ˼ҲǵڶĴڣ
ܶ˶ֻǵõһⲻ֪һ͵ڶǶҵ̳ҲǺܶ˸ģ
һ˻ʸƲڶ֮ˣʲôʸƲأ  ʤԴԼѹ̫󣬶Ǳȼ¡Ҫ̫̫ˡ
ڶڴЩ ظȻⳬӵļ¡Ȼǲܱˡ
׳ŹʤԴ΢΢ֵлʦ
ǽɽв˳û뵽һѾӿֳ˲ٵӢˡʤԴ΢΢һЦ
ЦŵҲʲôרҵӵʵеġ׻ôĻ̣ЩأΪ׻ʳǲǱɽһǶѡ
ãᾹܹ˵ĵɫĳʤԴҵĳѧ䷽СֵܣϣܹҹĽᰡ
ЦЦл
̩ʦѾ˼ֺͬЩͬɶʽЧĺͬ
ϾľַǳĴ󣬶ʵܶ˶ֶ֪ľģ  Ϊʲô  ΪЩ˿ɶͷǾҵҲΪԼӶһЩǳľٶģ
ԣһεĹʶʳȵĿ²ǳգеɫ  ǿ  ׻ơӡ  ǿ֮Ѿãû뵽վǲ˻𻨳ˣ  ̳˿̸оԼһ磬ǰһֱΪǧǮգԼһˣ
ʮڣ·Щ˵вֵһᣡ
˼ҾóˣҶĵ൱Ȼƽʱһٷôļ򵥣  ٶǾһʤˣ
񳿵õԼҪĽƺҲ̫һˣ  ʵ⡮˵ĲףǼֵҲ൱İģ  ֳѧܹһģ񳿺γô˼أ
˼˿񳿵ԺȥݵξͻԼҵľƵ˰
񳿿˿˼ٶǻ˵Ц𣬲Ժҳϰ壬һһЩǳõĴʡǮ
ƤҲǲܵ˳Եģ׿˿΢΢һЦȻ˵߰ɡ
˳żͬķ˹ȥ
ⶫǿ֮ܿѾǴʶʳĶԾʵЩ򣡣  ̩ĳͳ׷ڣ
׵˶ǱߣһԵĹµɫʵÿ
֡Щ˶˽⣬͸ô𣿡¿ףҲǷǳǵʵ
һԵĹʤԴҲǵͷٶʵղʱûк˼˵ټͻƼҵʵǷǳǿģ
ʦֺαس־Լأ˼ŹʤԴЩƵ˵ϳĻӦûİɣ
Ѿĸ׼¡УѲɻٶҪһԴСͷ𣿡ʤԴ˿˼Ҳüͷʵ
Ҳǰָ磬Ļˣ˼һεʵ
׿˿˼СƵ궼ˣǲǻǲЩ̫˰
ӦûɡҪܼͻֵĻҿ¡
ʤԴĲǴǵţ˽˵ʵ  ԼԳҲһԼ˵Ķ֣  ΪʲôղӦó䷽Ϊ˼ҶóƵˣԼŮҲ²̨  Ҳһεҡҡͷһ䶨ˣղʵҾҪֹǵģľ֣ƫƫҪꡭ
ֻҪָ翪ľͺã
˼ʱʵҲûκεˣ˼רҵ˶ûϣ
ڳܹϣˣ˵ˣĻˣôôأ  ˼һξ͵ʱǲǲˣ  ֻӺˣЩвʵġ
Ҳ֪ûа취͵ģʱֻһ˶ѣ  һˣʱţƤܹԲģ




749̫ͨġͳˡ
 

ڶ磡
̩꣡  һһȵĹʶʳڻ̩ҲĻ  һεĹʶʳȫʮҵĶʦߣ
һεĶŲǱˣļ򣬶ʵڶľ԰ӹĻ񳿣  Ϊʲôܹ˼˶ԶģȻǵĵģ
һβûбһǸŹ»콭ţ
Ǳ֮ˣϾǸֵģ
ǹԼԼʵԲӮ˵ģԼеϣ׵ϣ
Ķľ˵𣿾˵׻Ƶһ׸֮ӻ˼ˣ
ǰһӺһٶڣ˵Ϊ˶һǮԵûе߰
һҵ뻪ٶܹӮΪ׻
˭˵أ׻ƾ˵Ѿкö궼ûõʶʳĹھ
ǾĿԴɣҹѣʿɶרҵʿóĽ۰
̩꣬ЩѾʼ죬Щ˵κ鶼пܳΪǵţ  ˵ʵʳһ¹עȲߣʶʳȴһ  һΪ佱ǳĸߣΪһĹУǵȷҲһЩͷ
Щؾʶʳһܵģ  һΣǿĽڶ֮УעѾǷǳĸˣ  һ㣬Ǿȫƽֱ̨ĸѾģǿʱصָͨйۿ
λŮʿǡǣǱιʶʳˣʷٷ򣡣ԹʳЭᣬλί
ʷٷǰ˿ʼкҲ˳һҽܣ  ¡ĹʶʳĹھһλǳʵĳʦͬҲһλǳʵʳң
̫԰ӹĹʶʳͼ¡һľ
ʣµλֱ׻ƵҦ֮ҦʳЭĸ᳤ʳۼңFͬʳңȰ԰ޣͬһλʳң
ʷٷһһĶίŽܣ˭Ҳû뵽һιʳЭᾹȻô֪ί
ʵϣίҲһص㣡
ÿʳЭᶼһЩʵɵίۣҲʶʳһ֣൱Ĳ
ʤԴ¡гֵʱ˶Щ΢΢Ĳֿ̹ĵʹһ˺ģ  ֵ˼µıԣͲֵùҹˣ
ʷٷŻͲЦŵβѡһʮλֱԲͬĹңαĹھΪͬʱδ̻ŷŻԹھ⽱𣡣
𣡣
ֻҪڣֱֹ˫հ  ʮλѡѾ׼ʮʶʳʽĻλѡָ͸λǵʱֻСʱСʱλί֡
ʷٷһ£ιʶʳѾʽʼǳļˣǿ˵
ӳˣ±˶ʲôҲȤˣ  ̩ΪһεĴص׼˲ͷʲôģҪȻĻһôĵطأ
66ţ
ºվ66̨ǰ棬ǵΧȫʲôģ  ʲô˰
ºڵ66ţ۵ʮţʮΪһţԳ˵ʱҲһ  ʵʱҲҪԣһЩģ⻪˼ߵĿҲֻЩˣ  ʵ˵⻹ν飡  ΪԼڶ֪ԼҪʲôˣ  Ҫʲô˰ĶȻ࣬ҲиĿ겻ǣЩɻĿס
Ϊƺİ漰ϰڵĴľְһﾹȻʲôûãҲ̫˰ɣ
׿˿µκһˣµĻǶʤ𣿼ȻǹʶʳǾһ׻ƴͳ˰ɡ
ͳˣЩƵĿ˿׵ʲôͳ˰
⣡
ʵҲʱ⣬ԭʲôʲôģʵҲĳжôĸ߳
ԼĲٿػ൱ĵģǶյĶ  ЩʲôģǻҪʲôóԵĶǼֱ̫ˡ
Щ˶ڳԵĽ̶ȣҪ˻Ҫţ
ȻԶ˵ǱƷȻǶڳȴ쳣Ľ
׵Ļûһϲ
⣿ǲǺʵͨĲܹͨˣ
ⶫյٺóԣܹóԵʲôطȥأⶫôҲܸͻ˱Ȱɣ  ҲǸ˱ȣκһ˶ȲˣΪⲻʳΪʵ̫̫ͨͨˣ




750ίҦ
 

㲻ҿЦذɣ
¼ȷȷ֮ЩƵĿʼȥѡʳģ
⣡
һﾹȻѡ˶⣬һİ  ʼһǲĻˣôǮȥˣѲһʲôı  ɾı죬һõĲˣôܴ򶯵ЩѾԵĵòڵʳˣ
׿˿µⶫ⿴ƺʵҲһЩġ
ҵȻ֪ѧĵһ˾Ƕ⣡ֻҸ㲻ΪʲôҪѡˣ˸ûκεϣӮ
ЩĿףӮԲܣ  ˵ҪӮǸˣ¾Լˣ
Ϊ˵ֻӮ˼ټˣĸײܹվ  ֻԭһĨϣҲʧӰˣ
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׾ţĴȥҪԼ˵ʲô˶ǲ˹أ
Լģʲôأ
ѾˣŪһЩĺ⣬ʱ˵Լıʦѧġ
ԼʦҲˣͷĽãʲôʱþʲôʱã
ƵϣѾûа취ˣ  ۣ  ¿ףӶˣЩŵĿ׵㡭ֻһˣ㿪ʲôЦأ
˵С㣬ȵĲһҪǱȸȫϯһҸǱأͱһˣһĵġûгԹյĶ⣬Ҫ˵Ļ
׿Ź£һӣҲ֪¿϶ŵģ  ʵ˵⻹ĲʲôͨĶ⣡
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ЩĿףһʵ̫ϷˣҲͨˣ˵ĻǼʧһ䷽ѣ
׺ͻٶǱǿҪʧƵ갡Ƶ겻붼ֵ֪Ǯˣ  ֻǹ벻׵ǣǮĵز𣿾ȻԵ˵ĵز
ʮţƷѶ⣡
Źµݽ˺һԱѾʼˣ  ʮŶ⼸һ浹Щըˣ
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¡кͻ̫ЩĿŶԷ  ʮȻƫƧĽ棬ǼټͻƼ뻪ҶԶģΪҵĸ߲֪ܲ
ȴһεĳΪί̨ϵĻ˼һĲˬ
ָҪʧˣҲˣ
ίĵĻǵʱǲʶʳ̨ҲҪָ˵  Ҫȹϲ˰̫鿴ż¡¶һ˿ʤЦݵ
¡йһЦǻῪЦϲʲôӦùϲ㣡
˵Ѿ˵ˡ
Ҧ֮׻ʳЭ᳤ʳЭḱ᳤ʳЭλǳĸߣ
Ǽ¡кͻ̫飬ĸǰҲһֵ֣  Ҧϡ
¡кͻ̫鼸ͬʱҦ֮˹һԵĻɺͱȰҲǳҦ֮΢΢ͷʾ⣡
Щ˶Ҧ̩֮ɽżľģҦ֮ҦҲԸ˽Ƶģ  ʳûй磬û֮ΪֻǴĶ˶ѣ
Ҧ֮˿¡кͻ̫˼Ѿˣ  ҦϣżͻƷģĸ˽׵ĻһҲԲܴӦģһԳ
Ͼһ׻ƣȻҪҦ֮Ҧϵӵģ  Ҧ֮΢΢һЦϾ漰ôĶעҵһаʵ˵!!
ҦģˣҲ޿̻ΪʦʳҵĻƷ񣡣
¡кͻ̫ҲǿҦ֮һεıʾʵҦ֮ѻ˵ϣʵΪľһƽ  Ϊ˺ܶ಻ȷأͻ̫鶼Ĳߣ
Ҧ֮΢΢һЦΪιʶʳίֻǸλѶѣȰӦҲ֪һαĲͬɣ
ɺͱȰǵͷҦϣֻǴʳߣ֮ͨǵĿڸ˵ĲǵĿǷΧ֮ڣ
ҦϣҪǿһǣöֱԼ
¡Ϊί֮һǼί֮ȻҲ۵ģ  Ҧ֮Ҳ΢΢һ̾Ϊҹľ֮һַǧζͬҪڶͻƣǵȷ൱Ѷȣǵ꾩ǵһʤԴŮĿԴɡ
ҲǱһûһ죡
˿еͷǶÿһ̨ЩͷŴĻȥʷ׳ʣ




751¾˵
 

ʮ̨ǰ  ¿ȥô⣬һ˵Ĳˣû뵽쾹ȻᱻһﵱĲƷֳ  ⲻǻĴ𣿹µƿ֪ˣ  ҪⶫⶼܹڵĻôԺʲôܹˣ  Ҳ˵ⶫھʲôֻʳʼڣû˭ҪͨôһͨĲƷҪʶھģ
ЩʳһǳԹ˸ɽ亣ζ֣  ⣬Щʳ˵ǳԵһˣٺóԿ˼Ҳʲôģ
˵С㣬ڿŸʲô׿ŹЦŵ
Ƶ˵ⶫҿ϶ǲˣֱˣ
䣿ǿɲҵķ񣡡Цŵ
ǺðɣСŮӽͼʶһĸ߳հɣµһ˿ĲЦ  ׿ŹµӣҲʼˣȻ˵Ļֻˡ
Ǹ㲻ٶôãӦҲһΪϻ֮˰ɣôٺͻ񳿵ĵأ
µڻЩĿף  ҲȻѾҪˣȻҲҪͶһģ  һ˵Ѿǳ׵У  ˵һ  ״˿еĵתľԼָһ㣬İŪ
¿ǻڵĶҲЩ𾪵˵㻹ͦ浶İ
ৣ
䣡
ǰǿƤѾǱиһΣȥֺ
⵶ڳҪﵽȾҲ൱ѵģ  ˵ղŹ¶׻һЩмĻôٴ⵶оԼ˼Ѿһεˣ    ȥ֮ƺûκεĶûжһ㣡
õ
ԭҦ֮˲û̫ĹעߣϾⶫܹճʲôĸоأ
ɵǵľͷлߵʱȴſֵ˾Ȼ˵ĵ  ʵ̫տˣò˵ӵ˵ĻڳѾܼˣ̫Ҳ˵һ乫üͷҲ  ΪоһЩѰϢ棬Ȼ˼ҸҶģ˵˴˿϶ʵ
һԵļ¡ҲǱĿһۻ̫ȻҦϣ⵶ȴ³ռʮˣҲĵгΣǾҪܶĹ
˸оǣ˽ֳʮ֣ɲϸղѾõˣ
ɿҦ֮Ҳ΢΢ͷȵҲĺܣ  ϣǿߵÿһ˷ĵģ  Ǽ¡кͻ̫ϣ׵Ӯⳡˣǵ⵶˵Ѿ൱ˣ
̨¹ϯĵһţ
˼͹ʤԴҲǱߣǿǱ߻ӣҲ޲ڣ
ˡʤԴ׵ҲǳŻ˼΢΢Ц
ʲôˣʦ˼ŹʤԴҲЩƵʵ
ʤԴ̾һǼһõı׼֮һ˵ľտӦҲʲôطȥ
ʦ֪ˣָѾģõȻҲҪȱҪúܶˣ
˼Ҳ֪飬ҲǶŹʤԴ
ʤԴЩĿŻ˼û뵽Ȼ֮ˣһŰκ鶼ܹڻͨˣ
һԵ΢΢һЦİɣʦأ
˼һԵ飬ҪӮƵϣɶָ˰
һֵϢ
Сӣҿǰɣ˼ÿθ齻Ҫһ£Ҳˣ
ʮ̨ĸǰ
ԭʮиõѾǱһ֮У˿˶ûпǣӵѾǱһŨסˣ
ݣ  ȡʤĹؼȻˣȻҲǷǳҪģ  ϵĻʱ벻Ӯˣ  ˮ⣡  ׵Ķһǳɣȷ̵ˮϴһ飬Ȼȡ
һεķˮУ  ׵ʶٿЩ⣬ǾǱָӵʿһ㣡
ž
֮Ѿǹ˻Ȼóһɰ֮ǰѾƺõĵϷˮпʼƣ
еһУƽûκεΨһĽݣ  ¿ԼҲ࣬ǸԼһЩҲ΢΢ҡͷһ̾Ϣ




752˵Ĳ
 

µĸոһӵϣϣѾˣ  ˵Լʲôأ
޷ǾǵԼһЩеԼÿһЩѣ
ЩڵĶܹնôȻǲܵģ
ίϯϣ  Ѿ˾󲿷ֵĳƺȥһص㶼ûУ  һƣΪղŵĵ̫̫ڴˣ
ɺȴ֣Ҳǵ΢һЩѣ  һΪʵжôķǷڿҲˡ
¡ǳ׵ķֻҪûʲô۶ӵĳ֣ⶫշʵ̫ͨˣ
̫Ҳ¶һ˿ЦȷǲӦרղ˵ӿȥҲͦרҵģֻⶫľǸζСʱʱ䣬Ҫζ»ǷȱһЩ򡭡
ǰ̫С̫Сʱʱ˵ǲһʼƺѾ˷һСʱҵʱ䣡¡Ҳ΢΢ͷ
ֻҪ˲Ӯһж˵  Ҧ֮Ϊ׻ˣϣԼҵܹӮһĹھģ  ڣ  ֪ҪʵΪ֧ŵģûʵĻôҦԼҲܴ̻ģ  ΪĻְҵغ͵µ˵ģ  һԵĻЦŵϲһ׻ƲϵҳԹܶģ϶ǴͬС죡
ȰҲǵͷȻǴͬС죬ľ÷ǳĺóԣ
Ҧ֮Цŵ׻ʳҵҲֻ˽һѣϵҲǽӳд׻Ƶ׳ʳƪ
Ҧϣλίʱ䵽ˣ
ʷٷˣҲǴ˵λСʱĵȴǼΪĵģ  ǹ⣬ֻɺϣ  ǿĲˣȻƺǾԽ˵ˣ  صأ
ͻһֱھĵĵԼĶʵŪĶȥҲвСɫ
˼Ϊţ  ֻѡƺǳĽõţ⣬˵Ҳǿ˹ģ  ĸЩĿ࣬Ȼ˾  ⿴ȥҲ֮ͨĶȴҲǳˣ
Ϊ˶֪˾Բͨ˾òĸ϶Ҳ൱Ľģ  ǰѾõ˾Ϊǹ˾
ǹ㱾ǼѲһຣǹ˾ȻӦòͨĽǹ㣡
һһ˴˵ĸǰƮڸ˹עĲǰЩˣ
Ķǿ˵ϰڵĳע
żֵ޴ģ  ĿǰѾʼ贫׻ӻ֮ĶԶˣ׻ߵӭսߣǿǺųƹϹĻ˼
˼ĿǰҲԳ֮Ϊ׻һĴˣѪ嶯
ȫ߸һ˵뷨͸  پԼǳİ񳿿˿΢΢һЦ
ɣѲԼû𣿸ղ˵˵ĲʱҲһûЦ
ŻҲ¶һ˿ζЦݣЦݴһʤţ  ϵЦͬˣҪ֪ĲǿǼٵϵԼϵ
ȻУͬµĻ⵽ʱ򻹲ǿ˵
ԣȻ֪ģ
ЦŵԺڽҿҪչˣ
ٺ٣Ȼ̩֮һǼټ󣬳Ϊ׻ֿʳ
򿶿˵ƺѾδʢӿֳһĨ֮ɫ  ֻĿԴ˰ǰ漸ʮίֶûи9ֵģһʵǺǿ
񳿿żӣҲЩΣĸһ㣡  ôҲõ͵һЩɣھչδǲЩ̫أ  ٺһЦҶ˲ģֻһˣǾʮţ
ǰҸپ뷨һģֻҪӮʮţһж˵΢΢һЦ  ʵ񳿶ԼڻûжģΪʵʵҪԼ΢ǿôһ˿˿ģ  һδΪľӮû̩͡䷽
ֻҪܹõĻǵʱǶڶôأ
ƼȻҲעͷǹʶʳǰͷڰӹˣ  Ҫʵݣÿһζܹ˼ԩͷöأ
ƼҿľӪô꣬ʲҲİٸڶѣ
ҪԼһԾӮ˴ʮڵʲĻڻ񳿿Ժһ¸ĺ·Ӱ  ʮĵˣţӹ񳿣
֮ʣһѾ𣬽ŻĶѾǶȥˡ




753ʳ߷
 

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˵ĿⶼѾǾۼ˻񳿵ţ棡  һһС룬ȥǳƽ
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ʵϣƼҵţص棬Ǿ˶ƲŪģ  Ҽÿ궼вСĸĽֻеΪĽˣǲŻĹμӱ  ʵϣӹνʳʵ࣡  żԸһػǿԵģҪÿһζͬĶĻɾͲұ֤ˣ
Ҧ֮ΪίһƷ
֭ζʮ㣬Ӧþţ͹صһ£ţӵζȫг˵ڣʮ㰡ա
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񳿿˵ǺܺõıƼҵգ˴˿̿ȥҲʮ㣡
ζȷܲҦϣֻһЩвţӵζûȫ͸ȻӸڸǣڻǲһְ
¡ϸϸƷζһʵ˵Ҳʵ񳿵׻ǹǳһЩ
һԵĻ̫ż¡еĻǵûЦŵپ˵ĺܶԣţΨһİܱʾߣΪʱԱȽϵĶ̣Ҳȫ񳿡
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ǹ˾ͨ
Ҧ֮ЦЦǹ˾ȷǺͨһˣʳҲǺ˽ģ  Ȼ˵ǹ㼫Ѳ񣬿ɼѲֲ˵ܲ  ¡΢΢һЦǹõʳĺһĽǹ㻹ͬеǹ㡭
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˵һǹۼǿɶǽӽǧ򼶱ģνǾ  ҼټҵõģΪܹʳĴδҲǾ˶ص׼ű֤ʳĵʣ
ЦЦɱﵣ  Щʱĺóһ棬Ǿ޽еʳҲһ֣  ͬĺóԵĶʳͲ漸Ҫһȼģ
ʳκһҵһģǾϡΪ󣡣  ǹ㣡
Щί֮꣬ҲǺѳԵõģϾ˰࣬ɲʲô˶ܹõĵġ
ǹʳЭأ  ˵ˣǹѾԴݻЩίˣ
Ҧ֮ЩȲҪһĽǹƳɵ˾ˣ  ˾ȻжַʳҲܹȥζȻ͵ĿڸУֱ
㻹ûгԳǹݵ滹ϾƵȶȥζ֮󣬲ܹﵽľ磡
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ûʲôëҪһëĻֻ˵ʳ̫ԼһЩ
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ȻˣҲλĴ¡кͻ̫飡  Щʱ򣬻еĶܹĵĳ  Ҹ9.9֣
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̫̫ϸֵȥζˣ  ȻˣҦ֮˸ߵķҪĻΪǹʵ̫ζˣ
ͳһ9.9֣
Ȼõ˹ʶʳΪһ9.9֣
Ҳ˵ĻôھѾǼ֮ˡ
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˵ҲǣϡΪָ⣬ŶЩϵΰ
˼о˵ⶼҪȺϵ㵵ΣֻԼоЩզΣ
ʤԴ΢΢һ̾յٺóίˣܸٷ֣ԴһʼʵϾѾˡ
鿴ʤԴЩƵ˵˵˺ôҲߵģôôû־أżٵζȣʦĲˣģ
С֪֪ʲôϰʤԴһԼô˵ҲЩ
һЦһԼϣӶļˣѾԼϣ  ǵʤδ֣˵ʲô̫˲ҪʦӮô죿
Ӯˣ˵ôô죿ȥҲԲüͷʤԴ
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һ̩꣬ѾǳΪǼټ֮ˣ  ¡ڵϣһķܹԽ񳿣ȲԼң
Ϊټ岻ϣƼҲͬʱ׻ڵ뷨ֶ  Ҧ֮˿¡еȻǱǾҪʼգ
Ҧ˵ļǣȻǱȻҪʼգϣⳡܹԲ̫΢΢һЦ
Ȼ˵ĻǾͿʼɣҦ֮ߵί΢΢һЦʵ
ʮš⡢׻ơ£
˵ǳĺΪѾһˣٲʱĻᶼûˣ
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ѾǱ׸׵ɲھŵζ  ⶫôһζûа
ǰҲеζɣһ˰ɣ
ҿпܰô˵յʱҲųһζɣ
ǿǸһǸɰ֮ϻһӣΪסⶫζǸЦǸ
´˷˿Ź¶趫⻺ȥҲһĺЦ  ´˿ҲоЩ޹⣬Ͼ˳Цǲõģ
ֻûа취յĶ⣬ҲģΪ֮ˣ  ֱӽɰϵӸƿ  һ˱ǵζ̹˹µĲ棬ζѾ̲סҪȥһǰĶˣ  Ʈ磡  ں̵ܶʱ䣬ѾǱ˵ζǣ˵ĿѾǼˣ  ζʵ̫ˣ㵽ÿһ˶оԼѾǶ˺ܶһ㣡
Ҳһ־磬һ˻겻ľ簡




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֮ڣɢһζƺϤζȴһָΪƳĸо
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ǰղŻʲôûŵõû뵽֮ζֱ
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ҲܲˣͻȻ֮ҵ裬ǵõ˼ҵһʱ龰ȻĿ
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ʦûôһҪȥƷζ  ô˵ʳ˵Ļһ̶ѾǵǷ켫ܳˣ
ⶫķǳĺóԵĻôھȻǷĪˣ  ˻һۣǵжһĨĵ֮ɫ
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ټͻƼǧĻҵɲΪһκľͻһ  ģֻһЩҵ  ˽׵ĻʱľľڵĻҵ
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ڵʷٷԼƲԼĺҪȥһǶ⣡
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˹עĿ֮УҦһӾͳ飬ͣ  ˿ɰ滹ʣ°˿鶫ˣ  ҦϣǸʲô
¡ĿҦϣҦ֮ʲô˼ͦô
ǺóҲӰɣⲻǰʳЭô  Ҧ֮εĿ˿˵ʧ̬ʧ̬С㽫ɰ߰ɡ
Ҧ֮ƺһָ֮ʹջҧҧȻĵĻ˻֣
ίҦϣȻ˵ʧ̬ľٶһӼǱ߶Ȼˣ
ܶ˶ʼĿһϷ˿̵ļͻɫѾ˼㣡
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ȫʳߵ棬Ϊ׻ʸϵҦ֮ʧ̬ˣ  λ뿪ʼɡ
Ҧ֮һƣһεı۾ⶫȥԭ˵ζѾʧˣ  һҦ֮ԵĸоһֲͬζԼĿڸ֮УþƽϢ
Խʱ䳤ԽһٳԵĳ嶯  Ϊʳңνǳ˼ҵζû뵽ˣȻ˶棬˵ȥ˭ֻϸأ  ¡еѾʼƷ⣬ÿһ˼Ҧ϶ǲģ  ִζֻӦеĸоÿһ˵ţ
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ǰһĿ׻Ƶʳоô£ɽһ򵥵׻ʳ׵ĵ߸ҵۣ
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ʱô˵Ļôʲôطȥأ
Ǽ¡УһΪԼӼȵĵһ  9.9ֵĸ߷ְ
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Ҧ֮˿˵ΪίҸԼ10֣
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˺ܿ˾ˢˢ10һεľ  ֣  ʶʳٰʮ죬ǳһ𾪵֮  ֮ȻһͨͨĴͳȣǷǳڣ˶Ķ⣡
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ҹһĽʮѡ׻ƵĹ£˱δĵһΪ10֣
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Ϊ˵ĸ׾Ȼ10֣˵ʲô˵ѾǳԽ̫̫ˣ
Ҧ֮˿£˿ҪĲǹ£Ǹ֮ˣ  ֻϧ¸Ҧϣ˵Ѿ뿪ˣ
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˵ʵһλӢ۳֣׻ԼڼһĽ  µĸ׹ʤԴ¡еһĻ£  ʤԴ˼ϣ̬֮ϣЩ׻Ƶʳѹ̫ˣǷתˡ
Ӯˣ  Ӯˣ  һԵĻ˼͹ʤԴȻıһ𣬹ʤԴеһĨһһɨգ  ־ϣʵĸоһִӹȵ׵ƶ˵ĸо  ζʵ̫ˣֱױȰ  ˼͹ʤԴ뷨ǾͲһˣ  ŵֻһ㣬ǾӮˣָӮˣĳ漣
һֶĶˣ
һ⣬⣬Ǿʵ˰  ˵ˣֲšƲƲ
˼ţԺ˵ɶҶţҵĸ簡
ʤԴҲЩ˵ҪһζҵҪʲôζȻܹ˵ˡ
ֻǾ˻̸һЩʱʳĴڣȻһɧ
С㣬𣿡
䲻ϲµĻɫͨ죬Ȼ˵˼ҲƤܱˣ
棬Ѿв˶˹ǰ˿鶫ˡ




757¡桱
 

һɹϢζƮɢţ  ֹǵζЩʳ߶Ϊ֮񣡣  Ҫ֪Щʳܹôе߹ۿʶʳ϶µġ
õһ̶ȵˣ˭ʳЭ᣿
̩ĺܶڣЩ֮⣬϶ǹʳЭĻԱ
ЩҲһر޵öǶǸӬһĶȥģ
ԣʱеһ̶⣬ȻͳΪ˺ܶ˾Ľˣ
һˣ  ˼λصĳʦѾˣ̸ʲôأ  ҪŪõĻⶼпϵľˣʱЩ˻  ȻǾԲܵģڶ۰Ͱ͵ĶŹеĶ⣬޲ֱԼźأ
¾ô㶵⣬˵һʵϾǰ˿ѣ  ʤԴԼŮӣҲǻ˳  ˵֮ǰлһЩӰĻԼŮѾվʶʳ̨߽֮ϣʲôĽأ
ȻҲ֪һβԼŮʵӮģϾ׻Ƶʤ  ȻĽᣬʵҲΪ׻ˣԼˣ  ʤԴһӵż۵ˣ׻ӮˣԼҲֺ
֣Щ֪ôˣԼϰˣҲǰ
ʤԴ΢΢һЦҲȨãҪȻɣǽȨٶΣ
ţǾͽɣǡҲЩ۰Ͱ͵ĿԼеĶ⣬Ҳ԰
˼ⶫ⣬ѾЩ̲סˣ
ֱſӼһһԵ̳ȻּһԼУ
һζû˼о˶ЩƮƮȻ
̳ͻ˼Ҳ࣬ʵ̫óˣûгԹ˺óԵĶ⣡  Ҳ˼һԵĹʤԴ͹Цŵ
»Щ֣һԵĹʤԴҲ͵ļһӷԼУȻּһԼŮУ
һ£  ԭʣ°˿Ķ⣬һӾʣĿˣ
ˬڡŴζա
ʤԴס̾ͿûţƺԸ⽫ȥ  ҲǸоһƮƮȻһ⣬ܹһĸоҲ漣ˣ  ǰҲԼĸ˵ʳ£ʵϿһ˳顢Ȼ  »ΪԼĸڴţŲôܻ˵ľأǱ˶׫ġ
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ڼ˵˵ǳⶫʱʷٷߵм䣡
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ʷٷŻ˼ЦŵٶҴǹʳЭĻԱһ֮롭
֮룿ǺǣǲҪҰʣµĿ鶫ǣ
˼ɲɵⶫȻۣϡΪ󰡣
ô˶ҪƷⶫҲôһ㣬ҪԣȻҪ۵ģ
֮ǰóǹ㣬Ϊʲôһ㶼ܹǧ򣿻Ϊϡȱ
ǣٶ̫˽ˡʷٷһЦ
˼ǸˣһתȻȻ˵ĻҲɨλ²ǣһҪǿһ£ⶫǰûйԺҲС
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ʱѾкüΧȻӦҪõⶫ֮ˣ  ȻҪ֪Ļھ͸ߴҰɣⶫʦԺ޿һεĳˣʣµĿ鶫֮ΪҲǿԵģ
˼һʵҲǱߺߣΪԼںߣھ󻯣
˲ҪǾ£  Ǯ׬ײ׬
ʲôĴʦﾹȻˣ
ϧϧû뵽ﾹȻ伣ˣǾ˰
ҪʮһλֵƷʲôζǻĴҲֵõģ
ǰȻǾ棬еһҶˣ
ЩʳЭĻԱǣһ˼Ļ˶
棬ʲô¸棡  һʲôϵһĻôⶫͼֵˣ  һջĶǵǰһεĻᣬԺ¾Ҳˣ
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758
 

̩Ĵڣ  һ˵ѾȲĿŻ˼ˣڻٶȻѾ˵ҪʣµĿ鶫⣡  ǽͺðˣֻҪ۸ǾܹƷõζĶ⣡
Ҫ֪˴ߵֵĶⰡ
ʷٷŻ˼ٶҪȻֳҽоۣ
һ̩һ̣ȻҲҪһЩʳģȻҵ˵ĸǣҲܴҵĻ԰ɣʼɡ
˼¶һ˿ЦݣڲŷָҪ׬ǮĻ̫ˣ
ɻɶָ粻ģûз֣
˱ԼˣҲԼһ˰
һ򣡣
򣡣
ʮ򣡣
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գ֮Ĺһļ۸Ѿǳʮ򣬾ֳļǶоһĿϾӣʵ̫ˣ
һ⣬һѰ
ʮۣΪ˳Ҳʲô鶼ó
ʮ򣡣
һ򣡣
򣡣
һмۣ۸ǲǣ˲һӵʱ䣬۸Ѿһﵽ򣡣  һ£ΪֵȷЩˡ
Ϊ˳һ⣬ֵȻ˸Ĵǲһģ
Ϊλֵܻļ۸һʱȴֺ˿ʼ˾  İ򡭡
һֱסţѾ⵽˭ˣǹһļ۸񵽵Ƕ٣  ʮ򣡣  һλʳЭĻԱľԼӵʱ˶һ
ʮǮԵûѰ
Ҫ֪ʮ򶼿ٵˣھΪһ鼸Ӿܹȥ⣬ЩǷˣ
ʤԴ͹ҲǶһۣҲ͸ղһĹԼͳȥʮ
Ҳ̫ˣ  ʵǰݲñ˲ţΪ˵õһ⣬һλȥЩжѪͳӵ쳣  ʷٷνм֮ռ۸񶨸ʮ򣡣
һ⣬һԵ⣬ĳ˾˵ۣ˶û뵽  ԭܶ˶ΪһܹĳʮѾǶˣ۸ȴʮ򣡣
λЩȲĸǮ֮˿ӼһԼУ
ܵı飬δĸо˶޵ģ  ЩʳֻԼǮ࣬˭˵ʳҪһ׷أ
λһ֮󣬾ȻֱӽҪ  һԵ˶Ƶĺܣʷٷֱ˵һֻһλᣡ  λжֱֵţ˵ӣǮ  Ȼ˸վ֮ϣѾ˿ʼֽкˣ  Ŀһǧļ۸ȥˣ  Ŀ鶫⣬Ȼֵǧ򣡣  Ҳ˵һ̶ļ۸Ӧڰǧңǧһ̲ˣ  һˣҲûˣ
ʶʳأмĹҲĿ࣡
׻ƾһͳ˶ռͷĿǧۣ
ѾڸŻվʼѸٵĴֻʼٸߵ״˿ͳ׷ڸƨأ
˵ָ磬Ҳ̫ţ˰ɣǮ׬ǵİ
˼һ֮ȥǸһӵ  ׿Ż˼סСĿôоôһͲⰡ
ָ磬ôôأҶĳǿ硭˼Ҫ˵׿Ż˼ϽˮǰɣܻܲһĴʰ
û˵һԵĻ˼ҲεЦЦ  ʤԴҲһ羴˵ҹĳһݡ
ʦ΢΢ֵʵѾ˵ˣֻһ˶ѣʦڸҵġ
ʦһһλˡʤԴһĽĿ׵
ЦŵʦҪҽо˷ҲԼĥġ
ԼĥȻ˵츳ʤԴ𾪵Ŀʵ
Цŵ˼ѾˣҲֻܹһѣҲǰʦĶչʾ˵ĸǰɣҲ˼ϰôꡭ
ǰò˵Ǵʦˮ׼ƽҲûмţĶ⣡
ʤԴҲǵͷҲһȻҪѧϰ֪˼Ҳܽġ
׵Ҳǲ̹ʤԴֻΪⶫʵǽ̲˰  ߣǻ׽أߣûݺͻգԲ˵ζģ
һ޽֮⣡
˼ŹʤԴЦŵʦһ֮룬֪
ٶ˵⿪ҵħκҶ岻ݴǣʤԴ
ã˼һЦǻ̩ȱһ֪
þûˣȻٶĻҹˣʤԴһҲûоܾͬ˻˼󣡣
˵ҲǷǳĻ죬ΪʶʳӮˣӮǷǳĽʲôɲЦأ




759»ؼ
 

ϼţ
ĿǰϼѾ棬Ϊ뿪дµʱ䣬ⷢչٶҲǲͬնģ  һ׶εʱڣϻױƷȫ
֮ľϼű˼żֻҪܹõϻױƷĴȨ½һؼеĴȨǶǷ¸ĸ
ȻгûϷɺܶСгһƬհ֮У  ˼صûжãһεĴ̳ȥWУһҪҪW
ȻWĿǰ죬ɻ˼ȴWеĵλ÷ǳĺã
ĵλõĻǰװ׵˷ôõԴ  Ҫǣ̳ĹϵȻûʽȷҲܵĳһλ˼Ƕģ  ȻĻһҲǿԵģ
ֻһϼţ˿̵ļܲǰĻҲǶ˺ܶ࣡
ŵƸѾǽӽβ
ԭϼֻʮˣϼŹгӪѾӵнٺˣ
ôˣҲ׽⣬Ҫ֪ȫӦģ  һƬһʡˣҲҪʮտţڼϹ⣬ָǲˣ
гӪܼĹ㣬ٵҪ˵ĴŶӲУ  Ϊң˲ƸҲǷǳĸ߹ϸ
ϼŵƸڳΪһصķ羰ߣҵһЩܶȲϼŵְλˣ  ϼһܵĸλнʴѾǸϵһҵĸ߹ˣ
˵֮ǰһ˲ƸϣϼŵһͨרԱְλһǧ˱μӣʲô  һǧ˰  ǹҲˣ˾ǹʵĿ˰  ϼһ¥
ǰ̨ȥͱ֮ǰҪţ̫̫ˣǰ̨ȥƻֺ꣡  ǰ̨ļŮǷò˵ϼŵˣ
ЩŮ棬һŮеٮٮߣ
׿ҲǸоЩۣôĴŮϼ˻еİ  ôŮһؼϱҲζЦѵġ
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׽ʱҲһֱڹ۲죬ʱǰ̨ĸ˶ǿԼ
֮ȴû˴Լ
վǱһûλŮߵԼĸǰԼк
ǰ̨ĽӴЩ棡
ΪʲôЩλŮûλأ
ǵʲô԰ﵽ𣿡ǸŮ¶һ˿ЦݣȥԸҲǷǳĿʣ  ǶǱߣôվŽӴأЩʵȻҲǲ⣡
ǸŮЦŵ˾涨ɣһҪĲ𣿡
ʲô˾涨ҲǵĿһǸŮʵ
ϼ涨ǰ̨ԱҪһרְĽӴǸŮһЦݣ
ôվţüʵһ򱧲ƽǸŮҲЩҪЦĸо  վŻŶǹһֲ𣿡ǸŮ̬ȷǷǳĺãԿԸܵĳŮطǳĿ
Цŵϼеģʵô
Բֻǰ̨ĽӴҸŰµʱ䣬ҶԼŵ鲢˽⣡Ҫ˵Ļҿ԰æҪѯ̵ĻҿϵһгӪĹԱΪɽ󡭡
ŮǰŹƣ̧ͷ˿Ȼдǰ̨Ʒƣ  Ҳʲôܵ⣬ʶͦǿġЦŵҾǺҪʣǲǾһվţ˶ţ
ǹ˾İţƷƸоЩ֣˹ʴ̵飬һ㶼ϵгӪ˾ˡ
ǰһʲôҲϵҲ˵ҪʲôԼΪʲôһֱվţ
Ҳ̫һɣԼվźŸʲôϵأ
ƷƸоЩ֣ǱְҵԵЦݣ  ĸѧУҵİ׿ƷЦʵ
ûκεĹϵɣƷƳ׵ˣоԼЩϷˡ
ҲΣѾͷʶͦǿģ  ƷƣʲôأȻܹȥ죿㻹벻˰
Ʒ׵ʱһ߸Ь
ԸоƷƵɫһ䣬Ȼʱ֮ǰҪ̫̫ˡ
ܣҡ
ƷƵϳǸ⣬ƺоԼ˶һ㣡




760ŵ
 

ϼܲһ¥ǰ̨һϢ
һ˶ɳϣŶȣȥҲǷǳ⣡
˿վԱߵƷƾûôĺˣȻЩµ飡  ֽȥɫưһĿ˵ӣ  ƷĸǰǸСһԵĲˣ  ٴһѹˣ
λֻǸǧǮһµĵλĻǾȻ鷢
ɵĲãǴ˾ͻһλһɲ  ȴһˣϼʲôнʮ𲽵İ
˵ϼŵĻǾһԾΪеˡ
⻹ҪģҪǹʴ߰ڵ򳵵ѹ
һЩũСҪڽĹʴˣǵѹж  ЩԶ׼ģ  СоԲĻ㣬ڴĻȻ࣬ɻеģ
Ʒƴͬ۴ѧҵҲдʱˣ֮ǰҲҹһݹɵĲʡ
нʴҲֻаǧһ£ڸĴѧ˵ǧһѾǲˣ
ͬ۴ѧȻƴѧڴѧţëʱͬ۴ѧһıƴѧܹжأ
һĴѧнǧǧңͬ۴ѧĶǧѾǺ˲ˡ
һżȻĻᣬƷƿϼŵӦƸһʼӦƸǰ̨ӦƸĸλ
ΪڣȻǰ̨λã
ƷԭҪܾ HRнʼܹ֮׵Ϩˡ
ʮн  һũѧһҪڴеƷ˵нʴ˵ֱƥ䰡
ȻҲܶΣĻһݹʱѾΪ˹ūˣ  Ʒ˵̫ˣ  ͬģ߹Ĳ⣬еԭȻԼЩЦ
Ϊѧߣżˣ
ǵģûΪƷƵѧߣ˸ܵвʹżΪľԼ
Ҳ뷨ʵǴרҵ
Ʒǿͬ۴ѧҵĸ߲ÿָܹʹʹƷƣ֮Ҳǳɾ͸  Ʒƣϰڼվǰ̨Ӵȴܵһ죿
Ʒһµʱ䣬뾡˰취Ʒƺɫ
Ʒ̵ͷܣڽӴˡ
ˣأأ㲻˵һɣŵɵףҲЦһ
׿˿ôˣϼžôԴŵĿ˵𣿡
ӴӴӴҿƷƳ˰ɣЦһ
ܣҸղſˣƷƸĵĻȣ˻Ǳߴء
ʱǰ̨߹һŮȥƷһС൹ҲΪĲ  ƷһˣЩ۵ϼʲô˼и˼ġ
⣿װˣǱߴε𣿡ϼŮһƷƣҲһı飡  Ҷأ㻹߽Ʊ磿
ܣڽӴˣλˡƷƻҪͣһԵѾǱĴĻӴˣ˵˵λʲôģ

ƷһҲסˣǲ֪һʲôģ
ղλһȻԼΪʲôվ߽Ӵһֱûлش𣬽˶ѣ
ûԼվӵʱ䣬ͱܸˣҲһıƣ
ʲôҸ㣬Ҫҵ۾ǲǣܣ
Цһһεıǿ󣬿ȥʢˣ  ׿ҾΪʲô˶Ǳ߽ӴƷվ߽Ӵġ
ǣܵĹİЦһվ߽ӴôˣΪϼŵĸнôõûиҪлر
ҿͦенˮӦò̫ͰɣϾҲܡʵ
ܸұȣһƿѣͬ۴ѧҵĸ߲أҲ͸һǰ̨ĽӴ
г˳ϼĸܾˬ  һרҵģܹƱҵרԱǻͬ۴ѧĸߵԺУıҵ
ζ˭оǳˬģҲ⣡
ߣǸʲôģô˵ܵÿԴܼܼ࡭
һԵϼĵĿܣ˿̵һ˰Լݸй¶˳Ҳ⣡  ϼ¶һ˿ЦݵСܼҲûʲôϵʲô




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ܣһʱڿ죬һʱڿ졭
ϼ¶һ˿Цݣ֪ԼƨĶˣ
ְ  ģʵȻûľҲ֪ġ
ǾҲֺ֣ܶԾҲжԾ  ЩȻڶԾˣϲҲϣ鷢Լļ棡
֪Ȼ鲻ܹ㵽ֻҪǾɱһӰ٣    Ϊܼ࣬ΨʲôԼƷ⣬Ǿˣ  ܼ಻ǸƸʲôģҪǳĶ࣡  ˿µģǾ飬ߵ鲻Ҫܣ
׿ܣҿλƷСĲûд˵ĻţȻôһӦ𣿡
˵㻹ǹúӶ°ϼЦһҪ׷ô˼Ҳ飡
Ʒһʱᣬһ¶ûиɵҲܹԷ
ֻҪԼ⹻ϣܹижǵһġ
ϧŮ֮սԶԶûôļ򵥣
Ʒƣı֣µļЧûˣ
ܣҡǽӴ˵ģƷƻڼıţΣ  Ӵˣߣ˼ҴˣЦһ
Ʒҡҡͷҵ˼Ĳǡ
ˣ㻹벻ˣǰ˵һҲøʰʰ̸Ǿ
׵ɫѿ˼㣬û뵽ԼĹ˾澹ȻԱ
ֱ̫ˣ  ׳ѧ㣬ǣԼľˣ
ѧ㣿ЦһûҲͬ۴ѧĸ߲ϧ˰ǵҵ𣡣Ʒƣ㻹ʶ˼ҿѧܰ
ƷƵ৵һ¾ʵ̫ίˣ  ˵ʲô鱻ֵĻҲˣ  һֱԼıְǰ̨ٷ֮ʮϵĹģ  ΪʲôһأԼΪʲôôĲܴ
ѲѧҲһִ
ܣͬ£ֺαôͱˣž˿ҲԭΪİɣ
ɫҲ˿£  ߣûΪһǰ̨ĽӴҷôмĿһ׵
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ղŲǻҪӢ۾Ʒƣ˼ҿһƬģⲻǰ׷˼ҵ˼𣿡ƷЦ
Ʒƿܣҡ
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ӴӴӴܵģҲˣΪ˭ܼ໹ܼడǲ˼ܼ඼һ˼ŵġ
ЩĿףһʵ̫װˣ  ϼܲ  ˿һ˴˽Ϊ׵һȻгӪܼ죡  νλȨأӵֱӶ̵Ȩ
ȨǷǳĴģ  Ҳ֪ΪԼǡøֶ³ԵĻôҲֵġ
ڵǳϧǰһݹǰԼеľȫͶ뵽˹֮У
ϼȫȵ𣬶ҲǱ·ǿڽǣ  ȻʼһԼĹǱ˿ٸߵļ۸أ
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˵ԼһӶ׸ϼţΪľǱΣʱ̰Լ  ȻˣҲ֪ûϼټƽ̨ôܸнȥأ
һศɵĹϵлŵǸж֮ģ  ǳջżгӪвܱ˼ʡݣһЩӦ̵ʵһλؼҲΪ˰Щ˰ģ  ܼá
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ƺҪ׵ĸǰ԰һ£⳯׿һۣһŤһĳĸǰ˹ȥ
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Ĺϵģý㣡  ֶ³նܼܼ࣬ϼҲ˵仰ǳзˣ  ƽʱΪ˺λͬ´ùϵҲǸȽϵĿ  ǽ첻ˣ³ˣ
ʱĿȻǶ³Ҫˣ  ׿ҡҡͷЩ񣬲Ǹ˾һӾ뵽ǲҪ¶Լݣ  ⵹ˣǳǰҲǣͣҲǣ
ȻͣסˣǱЩץӣҲЩɻĿʵܼ࣬ǡ
ŶŶŶղΪԼиڳˣ׼ȥһµġķӦٶȵͦģ
ʱֻһ¥Ĵһ£  ܼ࣬¾ȥæҲЩ֣ܼƽʱûӰ  ˼һЩˣһɡ
Ҳƣ׵ʲô˼ԼҲ֪׵˼ǲԼ  ƷƻվߣƷƣ㻹ŸʲôϽվſȥӴȥ
ǣܡƷ̵ͷҲЩظһ㣡  ˵Ҳϣĵ˭Ը˸нĹأ
ƷһϣڽܶȥˣԼܹڶʱʮϣҲԼĵǣ
ҲһУûа취ʵ֮䣬ֻܹѡʵ  ⲻò˵һֱֱȴϷǳġ
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Цŵܼ࣬ûʲô飬ڹܽҵһ£û뵽ʯͷQôһһȻϼߺģǼˣ
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ȻֻһССܣϼȴǱȽĴڣ˭֪Ĺϵ  ܼܼ࣬˼ͷҿǲܼ࣡  һˣܼ඼˼ҳаˣ˭  ܼǿǿʲôĶ˼Ǳߣ˭Ըһأ
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ҲɣƷΪƴѧҵ˾ȱʧһЩҲǿԵġ
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˿Ǹӵģղȥ˽⵽Լýʵǰֶ³Ĳᣡ
ռܲһԲӣҲЦŵʵܼýҹʱܼǾܾģҰµġ
㣿׿˿ռܲҲûʲôɫ
ռܲͷֶҪ־͹Ұɣܼûʲôϵ
ܲãҡ
Ҳܵĺܣ˭Ը⿴
׿ռܲڰֵϣϼԺҪڷˡ
³ģԺκҶǽϼŵģҲǳ
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³ҡҲ֪Ѵ̣
׵ҽȻ㺰ĿĲ㣡ǾǣܶǴڲʼ߽ġ
ŸոճЩϾ˼ԺһȥռܲҲĳϴ
ҲǵͷȻҺͻٶ֮ǰȥWпһ£ǱڽһϻױƷĹܲһ£
ռܲͷĿǰҲڲ飬ǵĹĿǰƷǹӦܼѾҹҺüˡ
ҲЦŵ³òһ콨ɵҲ֪Ŀǰг˵ĺҲҵʱҲǡ
ЦŵҲٵģҲ࿴ط
ϼŵܲûд೤ʱ䣬һЩҪļǩ֮⣬ĻҲûʲô飡
Ҫƶ棬ϼѾһĹ켣ڷչ
һ飬ҲǸĸλ˾ӣҲ֪Ժģ
߳ϼţ׼ͬ۴ѧ  ٹһҪźˣȻҲȥμһ£׽Ժĺܵõ
⼸ԼйҲǴúõһ⻶ֵʱ⣡  ͬ۴ѧ  Ѿ뿪ѧУ־˳ַ棡  ׻ˣҲǼֲˣָҲײβ֮ˣ
ÿһοͻȻҲѾϰˣ
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־˳׹һֵ۸˵еȻȥˣ֮ǰָ绰ģǺûдͨ
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־˳ЦŵӦ̸鱻֪ˣ˲ͬ⣿
²̫ܰɣַЦŵָ磬һλ߲ߣ
ʱˣҲЪһЪЦŵ
־˳ٺһЦָ磬һ飬Ҫսˡ
սңҶѧУ˭ҪսҰ׿־˳ЩƵʵ
ʵҲ㣬ַֻܹһ־˳ʼ
ַ̾һָ磬Բ𰡣ʵҲǹģ
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ָ磬ַ治ǹġһһ׷ظԱظԱƵĲС־˳һԸ׽͵
ǺǣǽǣҲˣҪ˭Լǽǣ  ַһЩ˵Ǽͦţġҿ׷ظԱ׷ĹˣҾ;һ£
ô
׿ַҲЦʵԼֵܣؼʱ̻ǿסġ
־˳Ƶ˵һһͰַˣҪַܵĿĻ¶ˡ
ҲûôţҪ־˳Ϲ˵ߕF껲ȭ糤һȻҪ˵ұԣҡˡ
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Цŵúǰ˾Ͷˣһǽʲô°ԿĻԼΪʲô绰ң
ҲҪ绰ţظԱ˵ָȽæǲҪ㣡ַҲЦŵ
׿Цŵˣ˵ɣҪ鷳ҲԼ鷳ľ򣡣νȭ׻Ƶпɱô
ǣָһܴôˣ͸ߕFһӣָЬҲ䰡
־˳ַҲЦָǶôţˣߕFǵ𣿣  飬̬ʵûзϣ




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ͬ۴ѧУ⣡  ׺־˳ַ׼ȥԵ㶫ϾֵܼþòˣҪɵģ  ѧУ˲࣬Ϊͷβûôֹ  ͬ۴ѧУѾ׵һѧˣھҪҵ֤ĻҲ˫ַϣ
ԴһУ֮󣬳
ѧУڿҲǿͿġ
һвΪ׵ԭ
Ϊǿϵͬ۴ѧУ컹֪ҪЦٴأ  УѾǳɹıʷᣬǰ޹˺ߵһУ죡  Ҳ׻ʷΪ䶯һУ죡
ͬ۴ѧȫ緶ΧڵҲǽ
һڵĴѧͬ۴ѧԭĵʮһλһӱģ
ԭ򻹲Ϊͬ۴ѧУһͬ۴ѧУ죬Ǻ䶯׻ƣ䶯磡
ͬ۴ѧһڣССķ
׺־˳ַĿĵţҲ֪ҪʲôطȥԷ
ָ磬¿һҷ껹㲻ҪȻȥ־˳ʵ
Цŵ㰡Բǳ԰
ַٺһЦ֪־˳˵ĸˣǰǸ߼˽˰ɣҸ˵ָ磬ǿŮŶ
ŮǺǣСӲŮ𣿻ô໨ӣ˵ʱԼҲһ죡  Ҫ˵⻨ģ¾ˣ  Ů˶кüˣԼﻹʸȥ˵أ
־˳ν˵ָ磬ֲȥʲôа˼ǿŮ۶
ЦŵУǾȥۣŮ˭
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˽˹ݿͬ۴ѧ棬ʵλԱȽϸһЩģ  һ߽߼˽ˣüͷҲ
ɵѾǽʶΧ֮ڣʵ׽磬һ㻹治ȥ۲쵽ߣûߣ  ׶ߣѾûһʼֺ棬ҲǸ߸ϵˣ
Ȼܶ˲ʶˣͷѾ쳹ˣ
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һţͿŮվ棬ʳ;ˣ  ȻӦǳλŮͷģ  ״־˳־˳Цŵָ磬ô㲻
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׿ַ־˳Цʵûпóǽã  ǸƹŵŮŮǸʱһЩŮһ֣֪һˡ
־˳ЦŵʵҲ֪ŮǲĽãҶΪǾˣ  ַЦŵָ磬ɱСŮŶǿǲ֣
Ŷ׼װɻһ
Ȼףһߺһ֮䣬Ǿһǵ蹵޷Խģ  øЩͨȣǿ϶ûκεģ  ǲȭŵԭҲǵģüɲţųƽðϣ
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ȥͦ˵ģҲֻЦЦ
Ӧӵܻӵܳģ
磬ŵӵ׽Ļǲ࣬ɼӵ׽Ǿ̫̫ˡ
Ϊܶ׽ҲѲ˹ϵˣΪ̫ѣһЩСûκĿռ䣡  ǰĶתƵ׽һЩĵطȻ磬Ҳһܹķʽǣ
ЩӵܣһЩܹŲվȽŸĻʱܶͺðˣ  ׿ŮҲЦŵ۾ˣҿɾǣŮҲʲô˼
ҵθ簡˵ôˣܶʲô˼־˳ַһεĿס
΢΢һЦˣǵ㼸ˣŪơƺȺȣ
ûⰡָ磬ҲǺþûһȾˣֻϧ۸粻ڣҪȻֵܹˣַٺһЦ
С㻹ûƺ𣿡û˵Сָʲôطء
׵˺ܿİѲ˸ˣֻǾʱ򣬼ŹֵϢ˳ͬ۴ѧ棬˸߼˽˹ڣ  ̧ͷſڡ




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߼˽˹ݵſڣ  ʱе˽ⳤ׻˵Щͬ
׿ԸоóһҲʲôͨˣͬߵУ
ֻǵϢЩŹֶѣһЩͬ
׽ӴҲǲˣֻǰ⼸ˣƺûôӴ
̧ͷ⼸˵ʱԭڰ̨ĸ͸Ҳͬʱ̧ͷ˿⼸ˡ
ǵдһ˿ľ㵺ͷȻҲǷ⼸˵Ĳͬ  ǣ
ַ־˳ͬʱüǰ⼸ˣƺӦʶġ
ʶ⼸ˣҲЩ㵵Ŀַ־˳û뵽һﾹȻʶļߣ
ַָ磬Դͬ۴ѧ֮ѺýĻƵӣ⼸ˣΪ׵Ǹڣ
ָ磬ڣ˵ʲôģʲô߼壬ǸЦͷʲô߰˵ˣһ￴Ҳ񰡡
־˳ҲεҡҡͷǰļҲһ̾Ϣ  ǺǣҲ˵ˣҲЦЦ
ָҲ˵ǻпİַҲһ̾˵⼸̫ˣһΪʵϾͬ۴ѧˡ
裿üַ
ַǰģʱͻȻ䵽ѧУɲȥսһоͰǵ˸ˣ
ȥͦǳǳһЦ߸׽˶սȻûκεĿɱԵģ
ַѧУ̳ըˣС۸ˣ˵ܰ𣿡
Զ
⼸սѾߵ˸߼ҽõĸǰǸڣӿŸ߼ҽãҲĿ¶⣬ȫΪԭʼ
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ǸŮȥ׺һЩŷڣҲȻһЦʵ  ڣ׻ȥôȥǳıŤ
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ǱȽϵ׺ԿԸоó߼ҽõĽ֮飡  ļˣʵǲ  ˲ڳڵСɫѣһ߶԰εķģ
ͨ˵У߼ҽǱĴڣ
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ֻҪӦ˵սô˾Ͳ׻Ƶ϶֣  Ĺأ  ȻһӦ˵սʱ¹˭Ǿδ֪ˡ
٣ʣƤӵĹͬ۴ѧðϣʵǳǿ֪ûȤǴʿһ¸ߵأ
ڣƵ˿ΪĲˬ  ߼˽˹ݣ  µһ˸ߵĿŷڣˣʵ̫ˡ
С۸˾Ȼ۸Ǽſˣһ۸ͬ۴ѧŮֱǿ벻̰  ҲСŮ˵鷳ҲǷ˰
ǰȥүǾקŸŮ˲ţ
СҲôϢˣû¾ϲŮ˵鷳
СӾûǹͻͻǡ
£ʳһ붼ǳŸ߼ҽģ߼ҽѧУУ
˭ҪŮǰֱأĬĬĿŮҲǿԵİ  һҪǱŮ˵Ļ۷ˣ  ŮڴѧܹԼҵһֱǳĺȻ൱ţģ  ͸ЩߵӣҲЩż  Ѳɲ֪Լ˵Ķ𣿿Ҫͨ˸Щ˷ìܵĻʱһô죿  ڣɨһȦˣ˭ģսҡ
ڣȻҲɵ׻Ƶĵؽ磬ԼҪǶֵĻԼô  սͲһˣһսģʽǾ۵Ľˣ  ڣȻҲ˵ģһоͰѧУɲλܴƷڵأ  Լûдﵽľ磬Ҳֻܹˣ  ǺǣղŲǱQͦʵ׻ҲһȺֻ˵˵ثֶ
ڣЦ쳣ڱ˵Ķ쳣Ĵ̶  һηڣΪ鷳ģʲôԭû֪
ڣ˲Ҫ̫ˣʲôط
͸ŷڣҲмеĺܣ  ڣ㻹Ϊͬ۴ѧû˻ôΰȥĹЩСëͿʼNɪˣ
˵䣬һȥԼĪʮ˽ŷڣҲǱ쳣Ϭ  ôˣ
ַһˣҲסˣ




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Ҫ֪߼˽˿µʱ䣬˭ҲûмߕFԹ
ͬ۴ѧҲû֪͸ߕFκεĹϵ
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ߕF껣ָ磬˵ҪսġַһˣҲ̵
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׵üͷҲ΢΢ԭΪһһͨˣڿһǵͨˣһһλߣ  ͬ۴ѧҲǲԻ֮ذԭûô⣡
ǷˣѧУ澹ȻҲŲٵߣȻǵͼߣ׽翴Ҳֵͦģ
Զ
һԵͦȻԱߵø˺ܶ࣡  Ը൹ҲǷǳĴٴĿǰӵġ
ûµġи˭۸㣿ߕF껿Ÿ
˵͸ߕF껵ĹϵǷǳĸӵģ  ߕF껺͸һĸͬãʵǸߕF껵ãý㣡
֪˶Ϊ͸һĸͬĽãɴ˵ĳԸʵϲˣ
ݺݵĵͷţ磬˰
ķڣ˿ŸߕF껣üͷҲ΢΢һ壬ȻҲǿߕF껵ʵǲģ
ߕF껣ͬڸ͸ڳڵʵ˿̵ѾǴﵽ۷ʵ
Ҳ˵СһֻѾ̤ˣ
ȥҲС츳ˣϾ׽ܹѾǷǳĲˡ
ڣŸߕFЦһߣû뵽ͬ۴ѧǲԻȻĸִڣ
٣СԹԵĸҹȥҵǿ㣡򣬽Ǵȥ
ߕF棬ŶڣҲһ
ڣȻҲмģʵҲͺ͸ߕF껲ࡣ
ҪǺ͸ߕF껴Ļ»治һǸߕF껵Ķ֣
ٶȺԣ  ֮ıƴǾͲǱƴˣʵڣٸߣôܹӵóߵʶأ  ȭ糤ߕF껣
ڣԭҲ׼ȥȭȥһǵʱȭûڡ
һ׻ƺ֮ĴѧĻѾЩζˡ
Щŵ˲֪ΪǸߕF껻Ƿڣ˿ҲһЩ˶ѣ
˭ܹ֪ǾȻأ
˭ܵ߸ʲôߕF
٣壬ڣڣԱŵ
ķ壿ŰôΣҪսңߕFЩм˵
ս㣿ֻǿöѡڣ͸һ˿â  ʵһҲһɫ֮ͽ
׻ƣѲɲҪһ׻ߵζ  ǰλŮǿɶǼƷеļƷǸŵԼĸ
СӣսҵĵˣߕFЦһҶһָͷԿ
߾ֻҪ׷λŮѡڣŸߕF΢΢һЦ͸һŵĹâ  ׷󣿾ƾҲ䣿
ߕF껲мĿ˿ڣ̬Ѿǻ˲ˡ
ͷ׷ŮǻǺ  һλŮڣ˸ʵҲǺ飡  ߕF껾Ⲣʲô⣬ڼͲӣֻҪǶԼø˼Ǿνˡ
ڣԼõĻ˵ʲôҲǲܵģ  ϵǸҲΪ˸ƴġ
߾ӦĻⶫˡ
ڣóһıֻɽ澹Ȼ̺һ˿˿  ƳһǷɽҲаЦһ
Ʒ  СӻðΪһŮ˾ȻһƷ
׿ߕFֻҪǸˣԲܴӦСӵġ
ֻ׶Щ۾ǣߕF껾ȻĽڣĵݸ  ߕFüûõʵǷ
ٺ٣׻֮Ÿ߾ӦʶİɣڣŸߕF껵ʵ
ȻƷߕFӹһ˿̰
磬㲻ҪСӵĶɣҲû뵽Լĸ羹Ȼô۾ŸߕF껡
лŮ쾭Ȼڣϲҵãֻܹıˡ
ߕF˵꣬Ҳ΢΢ЦĸƲһۣ




767˵ĸ
 

߼˽˹ݣ  ԭŵƣһӾȻûЦ  гԷˣû뵽ߕF껾ȻΪһԼöҪˣ
ʲôأ
ܶ˶ߵĿŸߕF껣˼Ҽ˶ˣЩܹôأ
ʵϣߕFڵĸ߼ңһͨͨСѣ  Ȼڶ࣬ʵǿ֮Ҳ񾳽ĳڣ˵һ׸ɣ  ߼һֱ׽磬Ҳûиܵѹ  һ˼ľߕF껡˽ţֻҪܹЩϢĻǵʱ߼һзɻڴĻҲ˵  Ʒ  ڸߕF˵ǼֱǲɾܾջΪ߼ңҲ峤ӵһƷ  ƷȻ˵׵˵вֵһᣬںܶСУҲ൱ģ
ԵߕFһڣķʱȻЭˣ
ΪûиߕF껸ߵķڣȻóһƷǼǿҪԣ  ʵɲ㣬˼óһܹЭԼģ
⻹  ЩŭȵĿԼĸ磬ߕF껿Ÿ֪ڣ͸ҵʲô𣿡
磬ǴСһ浽ĺýã㡭ôܡ
ҲǼЩۿдתδ߼ҵļ̳ˣǸ߼ڵϣҲûȨԤԼĸ絽ʲô
ƷߕFֱӴ˸ĻڸĶߵֻǼһԱѣҲ߼ҵĵϵƷĿǰ߼Ҳֻһһûã˵ܾܾ𣿡
ǡ̸ģѾЩҡˡ
ǰܶණԵǷǳĴ
ߕF껿Ÿģ㲻˵ˣʱƷ𣿡
ĬˣڣƷɹԼ磬ԼĸƷɹԼ
ֱһһ  һеȸˣߡߕFҲҴȥҲҴҡ
ԼֵõģڣԼ˳ͻĻôûκεصˡ
ڱϾǻûγɳͻܶ黹صġ
ԵڣóƷһ˲䣬Эˣ  ߕFҲоңԼһĻƷҪԼˡ
ߡ
üͷ΢΢ȻҲû뵽Ȼ鷢  Ҫǰˣֻ³һ֣ûģ  磬ûκεĸԣ  һʵҲ׼ģôҲû뵽ƽʱõĸԼһˣȴ˵Ĳһ  ֣ϡԼͷƣһĨֱԼĵף  һԭõ罺ˣһӷֱ
֪ڣϵĲԼǸĻ½һ󣡣
ģһΪߕFǸʲôأԭҲǸ
ɲզΣֱǸС˰˼͸͵ߵߵūһǶˣ
ֹǶ˰ֱ˹񰡣˾ӦȥǹС
ģΪһƽȻСӵ֮£ҡҡ
һһݣϣɲôȴûһ˸վ  ˿̣һŮһ㣬ŷڣһ˿
ڣŸĿ޼ɵѾҵԺҷڣˡ
˵СҪҪڶʲôˣɶ˼ҶûдӦأߺＱʲô
һӸ߸ߵģΪվ˳ŷڣ
ǺǣӢ۾㲻䣡
ڣԼ˿˿ѾǳǸӵķ˹
ǰһУһ  Ҫ룬벻ˣҲ˵ģǰλߣһʵǿ
Ҫܣܹܵʲôطȥأ  ߕF˼ҵķʵϾ͵ǰԼˡ
˲˽磬˹صȥ˼ҲֻΪ˵õһ׷Ļġ
˵ĺ׷˵ĲһǾͽף  ղŷڣߕF껵ĶԻУѾǴ˽ףڣӦǿóߕF껵ĵλҪȸҪߵġ
ҲóһƷߕFˣ  š
ǸҪΪԼҲ̾һ  ѲһҪһΪԼͷô  Ѿزֻܹȥˣ




768׻飬
 

׾ôڣıݣ  һԵ־˳ЦһˣҲ˼׷ǸԱޣ
ģ֮ǰҿǸߕF껻ΪǸʲôأǸС˰ַҲЦһ
˸ղſŸߕF껵ı֮Ҳ¶һĵɫ
ǣʵĸأ  Щ˲˽ڣߕF껵Ŀɲһջ󣬶һ޴ջ
ͼжһ£Һ޶һµˣ  ΨͼˣҲǳĲϲ
ߕFĳָ֮˶ŸɣôĻ߿Сһۣ  Ȼڲ֪׷ϣҲпԭ飡  ν֪߲֣Ҳûа鵱һ¡
ڣߕF߼ҵˣѾ׵лһĲ棡  ׿Ÿŷڣ˳ȥַ־˳΢΢һЦҲȥȻȥһͻ
ָ磬ҪȻҲһȥ־˳վ
ַ˿־˳˵־˳ǾͲҪȥˣʱҪǴĻָ绹ñأ
˵ҲǣԺ󻹵øָ䣬ҪȻæҲﲻϣ־˳һַĻҲ̵ͷȻַ˵ǶԵģ  ʱҪǴĻָǴɱķǿһæﲻˣ
߼˽˹ڣԹһƬ
˿ŸǷڣȥ֮Ҳ㬵뿪ˡ
ͷŮǿԵģҪ鷳ܶ˾ͲԸˣ
ϾԷˣҪĻʱѧУǿɳԲ  ͬ۴ѧ࣬һ̲ĺΧһƬƬ֡
ͬ۴ѧشȻ㲻ɽˮҲǷǳı£  һƬ֮УѾǸŷڣߣ
ѾĴ㣡  СҪǿĻֻܹһػԼˡ
ָ߼ҵԼΧѾǲˡ
˵ʵһֱڶ̫ܹʵղߕFʱһΪǵΣѾˡ
û뵽ȴľȻ޾Ԩһ־  ٺ٣׻ƵŮߣһûĳ׻ŮߵζءڣһԵļ˿Ц  үܰɡ
һ˿ŷڣȥڣǳĿ
ٺ٣û뵽һ׻ƣȻջ񡭡ڣŸг
ڣԱߣһ˵үŮ˱Ͼ׻ƵߣÿһЩҪı׻Ƶ鶢ϵĻʱ򡭡
飿һǣڣЦһ׻սҷ岻֪նɱ˶֮ˣڿҷţսɣ
ү
˻Ҫ˵ɷڣѾ֨ˡ
ŷڣСӣȻҵʵ㣬Ҳģ
ɱڣһ֣˲Ѿǳ֣  ⧲ֱӱһϰҲ֪ڣʲôʵĶŸ
ڵĸã˵гž֮ɫ  ڣŸܾһģЦ˼Ҳõȱү˵ŮҪԸűүĻԺүһЩ벻Ķ
ջ󣡣  һ￴ջˣҲǷǳǿļ֮һˣ
ԴǿڣҲЩ޼ɵ
׾վڲԶ֮ϣǰһУԭ׼Ҫֵġ
ɵطʱȴʵǱȽǿϢ  Ǻǣ˼ˡ
ʶɨһȦڣƺڼеĵλܸߣΪڱ
ƾСſӣ¶֪˶ٴˣ
ڣĿ¶⣬һ˿ЦݳŸĸǰ˹ȥ  ҪʱǺˣ  ΪƲˣܹʲôأһ뵽һĽ֣˶ˣ  ߣСӣҲ׻ƴΪֱǴ󵨡
ڸΪԼҪ֮ʣһӵԶ
ţһ
һλüĿӢ˵Ѿվ˷ڣ˵ĸǰ·һ㣡
˭
ڣһû뵽·Ȼɱһҧ𣡣  ׻飬
󣬿ȴ쳣ᣬĳѾ嵽ǰķڣˣ
ŷڣǽģ켤ˡ




769벶
 

׻飡  ⵭ĸ֣Ѿ÷ڣ𣡣
׻飬ֱ׻ƵߵجΰѾǻָԪ׻磬ǿҲǲԶģ  ԭĸ֣׻飬ڶ˵Ǿǰ  ڵҪά׽ȶͷֹ׻ߵΪ
񿴵ǰλ˧˵ǰĳ֣ôܹأ
׿һӣҲǿһЦ
ĳǷǳ𺳵ģȻһʵզΣ
۷壬ڷڣ˵ĸǰѾǾԵĹˡ
ֻ֪ڣıվأҲż׾ȿ˵
һװѾǸˣǺɫľװϺɫĶң˿ľ֮У
֮У  ڣ˵ϴһ˿ľ֮ɫ  ˿̵ĸѾǱ˳վ󣡣  еǵҲѾǱķɽ䣡
㡭ʲôŮһƷǼ֮˽áڣʿˮ
ã΢΢üȻû뵽龹Ȼģ  ڣ
ͬ𣿡Цһ׻ƾڣ㾹ȻҶߣƾһɱҲΪ
ɱң֪˭𣿡ڣһһﾹȻҪɱԼҲŵˣ  Ҳ˭׻ƾڶ֮ˣǶ˸оһֲ飡  ɴ˿ڸĶУ֮һ㣡
ߣƾҲҶǼү
ಣ
һӰѾǳ󣬲δ֣Ͼ׻ƵľڣЩ߻Ĳ̫Σ
Ұһ塭
ڣһǰˣҲǼ  Ұһɣڣ壬ҲǷĸ֮һ  ȻЩߵϢȽϵ֣Ӧ֮ҲǿԸоĳ˵ʵ  ǰҰһɵļһʵȷҪҪ߳٣
һѾ൱񾳵ĺˣʵ˵Ҫ߳һΣ
ڣүǷ峤Ҳʲô˶նɱģ
Ұһɿ¶һ˿ĹЦ  ߣû뵽ȻиǨ׻ƾڣѲǲ֪񾳽Ҫ鱨𣿡
һȻȥ˿ǰλԼʵҪ߳һ֮ˣ
ȻҲһ˵ж
ʵڷڣʱѾǱ֮˸ˡ
ֻҶڰУ֮ڰУĸҲվжѣ
ǰɣ̹ҿ㲻͵ƾðҷ峤һҾͿ֮ء
Ұһɵһ˿ɱ⣡
ŷҰһЦһΪˣʦ塭
ҲЦȻ벶ȸںΪԼıˣⲻ֪ڣǵȴǷҰһɣ
ಣ
һͬε۵Ҳȵվĸǰ  ԭĴ֮һʥҪ峤ذ
Ұһɿʥ˿ɲʲô֮  ʥڳϣ龳ڵĸ֣
龳磬׽ǾǾްԼĴˣһЩ˭û»׽أ
ߣ㻹ϵñϣ֮ΪҪ׻ߣ
ʥŷҰһ
һԵķڣһˣʲôĳϣҲɫЩҰף  ԭΪԼû˻עģû뵽Ȼôע⵽Լ
һҪԼʲôĻǺڿɶ  ڣһֱ׻ƵߵģΪֻзЩϵߣ  ڿԼˣʮֵװ
ʥֻҪѺүϵŮ˽Ǿల£򡭡Ұһɳ
ͷȻвʥЦһ  Ұһ壬ǡù𣿡ڣŷҰһʲôĳϾȻҲţЩսˣ
һҪǴ򲻹ĻʱԼҲôأ
Ұһ΢΢ҡͷҴ򲻹
Ұһ壬㡭ڣûһѾ򲻹ίȫ  峤Ҵ򲻹ҪȴҲү˵ġҰһɿʥ¶һ˿˿
㸱峤Ȼˣڣһ¶ϲɫ
λĵĸ֣㸱峤ȻˣԼģһĵʮ㣡  ʥһ֣ƺЩ΢΢һ




770Խ
 

벶ȸں󣡣  ʥôҲû뵽֮˾Ȼ˴󵨣
ɳλֽ׻ƣǷ㣡  ĸ֮һ徳ڵǿߡ
û뵽ˣȻҲȻǱ׻ƵľڣҪʲô  ʥɫȻһٴеӣһԵĸλǰȻҲ¶𾪵ɫҲǰԽп಻  ڸ˵ֱجΣԭһС浽ӰĺýøȻԼȥ
峤ߕF껸ΪһԼˣ  ʲôӵأ
֮ˣû뵽ԷƺǸӵң
һǵصѹѾǳʥķ  ʥǿֵ徳ڣȻһܹܵ˵ģ
ʥ͸Ѿͨһ¹˵ϣ  ǿѹǸûκδϢĻᣡ  ţһӰѾǻĳ˿Уһ£е߼ûκε  ʥҲǰզ̫֮࣬ˣ  徳ǿߣûǾԲܹ׻ƵģΪ׻һƣ  ŪǿҪսİҲ֪嵽ôĵӣ
Խˣ
ĸ֣Ȼð֮踣Խ׻ƾڣ
ΪֱĽడ
㣬㡭㾹ȻԽ׻ƾڣɼΰ
ʥȻʵѹƣһ۲ƣ  ˡ
Ұһɵ˿ĵǶǰȥһϣ  һԵķڣŷĵҲǳ׵һ
ԭΪԼһ׻޿ҲǼԼһο顣
û뵽ҰһԹԼ 㸱峤Ҳ٣
ڣֲǸɵӣ׻ĹҲ֪һЩġ
Ϊǿ֮һǽ׻磬Ǵž޴Σյġ
ҲƵĺܣһҪǱڣ  ʵڣʵƽƽ˭˼һϵأ  ڣĸ׾Ƿ峤徳ڵǿߣǲҲûа취飡  峤ˣԼʵǿᣬҲǲ̫õһ飡  ҷڣҲ׻ưµʱ䣬һҲν
зҰһɵıӦþûκεˣǷڣһﾹȻΪһŮˣ˵鷳  ¶棬вҼ峤
㲢ûеôĿļ𣬶Ҳ˽ġ
ЩһΪϰˣһ߿֪׻ĵ̵ģ  ׻磬Ҫ͵ǰУԼ徳׻ҲӦǸˣҲ֪׻ĸʵ̫̫ˡ
ʥЦһ㣬ڣƻĹأȡ뿪׻ƣҿԵʲô鶼ûз
ʥϴݵ֮Ҳûа취֪ҪǶֵĻԷ徳ʵҪɱμֱ̫ˡ
ʱһնɱԼȻ뿪ĻҪѰһЩ˿ҲǺˡ
ûֱӵ֤ݣҲԲܻϵģ
ˣܷˡҰһһʥ˵̳ŷѵ
ۿŷҰһɵҰһɣ˵ķ𣿡
ǣˡҰһ˵֮첻˵ˡ
ڣŷ㸱峤ƻҵĺ£ҪϾɱֻŮ˵ø°

΢΢̾һû֨һﵽʱȻŶǸŮˣ
ѲǾ˲ɣ  ô꣬û뵽峤˵ĶӾȻ˵Ĳ  ʥŷ㣬ĸҶֵĻԺǾ׻ĵˡ
ߣɱǣ˭֪أʵұҲҪֵģֻϧǷҪɱǷ峤Ƶұ¶ǣʱ֮˱ȻôΪ÷尲һЩֻѡֱӵķʽˡ
ʵѾ¶ģնɱǰ⼸ԼҪ飡  Ұһɲ¶ԼĻ黹лأ
Ϊ徳ǿߣ׻Ƶ磬Ȿǻ˹ص飡  ǣһ˰ˣ
Ŀǰ뵽ֱ򵥵İ취ˣһжƿ֮У
ʥ˵üͷĸˣԭΪһֻǼСӶѣ  û뵽峤ı󣬾Ȼվһ˵Ĵ𣡣  ŷʶѾסǣʥ֮оȻӿһ˿ı֮ΣǱ֣֮




771³
 

֮У  һʶ˵ͷ֮ϣ㻺ĳʥķ˹
ڷ󣬷ڣͷҰһɵ¶һ˿Цݣ
ԭΪҪķڣ˿û˿֮ͬģ  ĿĶŸ֮лһ๾Ȼſˮ  Ů׻Ůˣû  ߣܲҲΪˣԷ˶൱˷ܣ  㣬󵨣Ĵ֮һ㡭㡭
ʥ˵˵ţоһǿѹѾϮ
ʧԭأ׼ˣ  Сģʦڻ㣬̻ȥͨ飡
ʥ֪һ֮оҪһˣ  ʦ塭
дһ˿ɺ֮ɫ֪ʱԥʱ򣡣
ܣ
УһϮƺһ˿м
ȻǸղʧǸǰķ㣡  ˿̿һѾǳķ̺ԻǰУ  徳ǿߣ赭дһоԴݻССˣ

ʥдһ˿Ĳʣ֣֮ȫԼԸɵģ  ԭҪɳĸ峤ֹбʣ
ʥòûҪ龳ڵʵҪ  ֻͬ۴ѧߣû뵽徹Ȼð֮踣Ȼɳ徳ǿǿн׻Ƶ׽磡  ֱĽ࣡
ȻΪʥԸѡնɱ˶ˣΨ׻Ƶܹõķ  Ļһ׻Ƶ֪֮ʱҲкܴ鷳ģ  ⣬̺һ㣡  ݣ
֮𣬵ϾȻҲǳһѷ죡
䣡
⼴ҪһΪʱ򣬾Ȼĸǰ˿
һǿĸǰȻ  һε۾ʱԼȻû
֣
֣ԱߵʥҲһĿ
ƺڿһ˼飬⾰ʵ޷Ⱑ  Ҫ֪Сආѣ֮ˣǿ徳ǿ߰
֮䣬һҪһ޷֮Ӥһ㣬ûκε  ɷǰȻֹǷԼͻȻ˽һ㣡  ޱȣ  ʦ壬⡭գһ۾ıѾʧˣȡ֮һã֮ɫ  ʥҲʿˮˣ⵽ô£
˵󣬷Ҳһ˿ľ㵣ĽǱ˸ֵˣ
Ѿ۲ܣû˰  ôҲû뵽һʵҪǿ᲻֪ٱˣվǵ
˭
ɨܣղȫԿ϶˴ֲ˴ˣ
˿̵ͷҲϸֱðҪֵĻ˿ҲЩҪЦˡ
һ徳ĸ־Ȼˣ  ʥҲǻܣŷǽӣҲһƣ
㣬λ徳ǿ߾Ȼˣ
׽缸徳ǿְ߳һ徳ǿ˭æ߹ţ  пûܵ׽أ
ʥ÷ԼԼأʱȻҲǳ㣬Ϊʵܹ׽ˣ
ߣװŪҵҪ˭
ȻţҲ֪ʱԲܹƺҲЩԼŻԼ  ˢ
һҪ֤ղŵǲڱƻ  ͬĵ⣬һαһҪҼ֪ʲôҹζ࣡
ʥЩп಻Сһ
һεԼҲֻܹԼķɽеֵˣ  䣡
ʥоһѹʱȻ䷢ִԼĲ󷽾ȻյðһǿĽ  ⽣ֱ֮ӳŷǵֱȥ  ת˲֮䣬ͽѾײһ𣡣
죡  һӱһ޴Ŀȥǳĺˣ
˭˭
һ˿ľ֣˵ղֻǻɵĻôѾȷˣ  ʥ˵󣬾վһ֣
ˣ⡭Ұһɺͷڣ˿Ҳ𾪵Ŀŷ㣡
ôҲû뵽ĹȻһεıֵ
ߣССҷ׻ƣӻǷʰ




772նɱ
 

׵ڳ˶ͣ˽Ų  о֮ɫӵŨأΪ֪˵˵ʲôط  ˼Ҹղ赭дһȻԼĹˣ
Ҫ֪ǿ徳ڵǿ߰һо͸ûκε
ԼǱ˶ŵһ㣬ͷŶоֱð
ǰ
ʥǳŸղŽķֵ
һԵĸҲǸоһĵΪԼҪˣû뵽ȴй
ֻϣһβҪʲô۶ӳˣҪȻС໹Щܲˣ
֮У  һӰĳ˵֮УΪ׵֣˶֪ղ֮оȻվһˣ
ʿˮ׵㡭˭
ʸֻ֪Ҫ֪ȻΥĹضûʵȫˣǽ֮أ
ޱߣ
һ仰һԵʥǸоһļ
ʵ̫ܹˣΣʱ̣û뵽Ȼһλʵǿǰͦ
ⲻò˵һڵѾĲܹˡ
ˣڣ׵Ļˣû뵽޵֮˵ĴڣȻҲ˸ˣ  룡
ֱһץǷڣѾǱ׵մָץסȻΪһĨ  ɾ䣡
һԵķҪֹƺоЩ
ǿߣԵǿߣ
ʷһθоԼ˵ĽǰûڲѣΪʲôԼƫƫҪ׻ƴոأ
ԭʵҲΪԼʵ㹻ǿ׻Ȼ˵Ǻߣ׻Ƶ׽ǿ϶Ǻߵ˰ɣ
Ҫ֪׻Ƶ飬˵ʵǿ֮Ҳ徳ĳڶѣ
ҪûԵţɲɵ˰Ĺɣ  ǧ㶼û㵽Ȼб徳ڻҪǿٵǿ߳׽磬ⲻǳô
ڣλ֮ǰӺܶ࣬ŲһļһѾǳ׵ʧˣ
Ұһɵĺ֮й๾˸оõǳĽţ
ʥ˶ǿǰףλǰʵ̫ǿˣǿЩˣ
㾹ȻɱҷԺǷĵˡ
ҲǺоЩɬвȥԼоŰ
Ǻǣղ˵ģֻҪ㲻ʲô֪𣿡΢΢һЦ
ߣȻʵǿҪߣ׻Ƶ绹ûмܹסң
ЦһΪһ壬ʵܵĹһģ
ֻǷȴû뵽׵ʶѾǿһЩĵزˣ
ԡ
״źɫĶңûܹ׳ʲôӣ  ʥ׵ǰһ֮ˣԼصܰ취
䣡
ʥ䣬ǷǻһģֱӽһԼ˰˸Լ  ȻŰ˸ͬķȥ
⡭һôҲʿˮ̾һ徳ǿߣܵĹҲһ
ʥҲ̾һû뵽һˣԺǺ
ǰʦ壬峤׻ƾڣһû׽סµʱ򡭡ҲӿֳһĨ֮ɫ
ֻ⻹û䣬ڸղŷܵİ˸򶼳һ޴
ţһӰѾǳ˵ĸǰ
ʥһƣⲻǸղţķ˭أ
˿̵ķƺܵ׵ĹѾǿ˼ѪȥЩ  ׶ķ֮ҲЩ棬û뵽֮˻ͦдģ  ֻһҪԼĸǰߣǼǲܵ飡  ˵һСС徳ڵˣ׵ǵ龳֮ˣҪ׵ߣҲǾ޿ܵ飡
гžղһΪԼѾˣջǱһǿʶѹˣ
ס±ӲҪ׻ƵңҪȻ㻹ǲ֪˭ɱ㣡
׸Сӿֵģ籾Ͳ̫ͬ飡
Ҫ
㿴׵ķɽѾǻľ˶
Ѿˣ  ϿûкҩȻѡˣǾҪе  һѾǳ𣬶Ǳ׸˰յķһĽɣ  Ѫģ
㣬徳֮һһ׻Ƶ֮ϣ  ˿ڿǷҰһɣ˼ˣ  ЩСආ׾ʥˣ
лǰ֮
ʥֱӹ׵ĸǰǾ֮
һԵ͸Ҳǹ籾ǿΪ𣡣
׶⼸˵ҲǱȽϵ͵ģǰûһüͷ׶˰֮ģ
ο츳ҲǷǳأ




773ҵ
 

֮У  ҰһɵѾһţҶ  ֮ˣɱƣѾ˵
ʵҰһҲƵĲҪҪģѾһ֮棡
ǰ˲ɱ»صʱҲһ  Ϊڣˣ  ʱ峤϶ŭɱԼˡ
ĸŵģ˵ɡ
׿ŹڵϵʥҲ΢΢һЦʵ
лǰҺʦֶڡʥ΢΢һЦȻ׵ĳ࣬ǻһء
΢΢ͷʵһ㣬ҲǿԵġ
ǰȣʵʥ⵹ǴףﹻԼȣֱ  λ˲ָָ΢΢ͷһ֮ţΣңɿã
лǰޣһļǿߵԼܹ  ǰĸŵ̫ϳϣʥʵԺڶȻŸл
ŸлͲˣԺԵҵԻټ΢΢һЦ
ǣǰǰпյĻȥܲһ
˼Ҳ˵ʥȻҲǿֻղŷǳĺ棬˵˭  ղ˵ĳϣ׿ʥʵ
ʥ̵ͷǵǰʮ꣬Ѿǰˡ
Ŷôˣ׿ʥʵ
ѾΪڶһĿ꣬ں̫أҵҲִֻܹͼ徻
ʥףҲл˵ʥԼ˵ںϲ
һСС飬ʲôģ׿ʥҲЦʵ
ʵЩ벻ͨһά׽簲ȫ飬Ȼᣬǵһ˵  ֮ǰְߵʱҲû˵飡
һԿҲǳǰ֪ʵѾãֻѾǰˡ
Ϊʲô׿ʥʵ
ʥʼΪ棿׽ȻãȴżǣڶΪѰ츳ڵĵӣǶĿ顭
ǰȻʵУȴӵһԴǾǷֲܹ㣡
ǰΪͷӵŵԴʥҲǽӻ
׿˵Ǳ˲ľ츳˿ԸԼ
ôףÿ궼Ҫָģ˵ϵɵĺܡЩʵ΢ĵǿɾͲˣ
ʥ̾һȻ֪ĺܶ࣡  ͷʦ˵ŵĵӻǺһЩЩСŵĵ겻ĻͻᱻɵһЩΣյȥִΣյ񣡣ɵúõĻǾͻĵŻţ
û뵽龹ȻôɣҲȤ  Ļôط¼ֱû˰
Լȥ˲ţǿ϶ǲܵˣҪ˲ǻĿǷֲܹ鰡
׽磬Ѿ˲żǿ츳֮ˣʥô˵Ҳˡ
ӿǰӦ֪ոľ̫幬ɣʥ׵
̫幬ôˣ׿ʥʵ
ʥ֪̫幬ˣվǰ
̫幬ʵѾǺ䶯磬ڸΣҪʲô̫幬ˣʥĴ֮ʵϾǸŽһ̶ѡ
̫幬ûʲôϵɣ׿ʥʵ
ʥͷǰȷ;̫幬û̫Ĺϵֻ⻰˵˳һ˵
ϣþ̫幬ô׳ʵ
ʥЦŵǰҵǾӦñˣЩʸѾѹЩʵԽûдϢĻˡ
˵ΪĴϣԸԸ⣿׿ʥЦʵ
ңϣʥҲһҡҡͷʸ񰡣һλ֮ʵǿǿӵ徳ʵġ
龳ڵʵŬŬҲδظϲϡ׿ʥ΢΢һЦϣܹΪҵˡ
ǰҪڰɣʥһֵĿףг˲ŵĸо
뵽ҲãֻҲ鵰Ȥ
˵ʥҲǱײˣ˵ˣܹԼõĻʱҲɲ̫幬  ľ̫幬˶УȻܶѾΪж
˱ϾˣȻ֪Щνǿ׻ġ




774ǰ̫ǿ
 

ʥ˶ǶףղλǰҲһľ
ǰҲҪϵλã
ʥԭֻǽŻʹϵѣû뵽ǰλǰȻҲǿ飡  ʥˣһԵҲ𾪲ѣ
ҪûиоĿ¾Ǹˣܹӹһ٣оѾǲеˣ  ڵԼδȥδӻ֪أ߼ҿǻزȥˣ  ׵ǰǰǷλʮ󳬼ŵˣ
ǣ
΢΢ҡͷ̫幬Ĳλʮ󳬼ţλʮ󳬼š
ҾˣǰȻλʮ󳬼֮ˣ֮λʱ򼴱ʦܹϴϵλãҲѱȫʦ尡
˵ĵȷǺеλôȻǣ  λãڶĽ㣬вһţ
ʥܹλǰİ֮£ɹĳΪϣֶܹأ  ʥҲ̾һǰϵλõȷôģû㹻ʵֻܹ׸
Цһ˵ܹǱܹôһŶûеĻҺȶԣ
ǰ
ʥǲţǰλǰأ  ׿ʥֻһ䣬ԸԸΪҵˣԸⱾҲΪǡӦˣȴҲûзڵĻᡭ
ڸǵľһѡڽЩҪѡ̸ܹ֮ȥ  Ҳ׵ı¶ԼݣҪȻʱе׷أ
ǰҲ֪ҵ֮ˣĸǱߡʥ
˵ˣţ׳Ҫֻ鵰ѣ
ȻǰȻǣ
ʥʵղҲֻǽһ£Ȼźĸ飬ԴԼɵ׽֮ҲЩĻ䣡
ʵϣκһŵ˱ɵ׽磬˵Ų־  Ȼʥ֪׻ᷢʲô飬ɶ˵ܹΪĴϵĻδزһ᣿  У  ǿվԼǰһܹԼΪζûиϣʥһ̳׵Ķˣ
һԵ˿ʥ׳ǰµģҲԸΪǰЧͣ
΢΢ͷʥϥ
ʥһ㶣׵ָȥˣȻ֪λǰҪʲô
죡
׳˲ʥ΢΢ſһҩѾǽУ
ڼ  һɱŰѾʥпʼӿ
׿һԵ͸ҲǵŸʲô
һ㶣漴ϲ  һԵĸǱ߷ŴɿѾ£Ҳѧ  ֪Ҫ֮ɲԸһ鵰⣡  ҪԼУԺȥҲ츳õĵ  ̫幬ȱľ츳õĵӣ  ׵Ŀɲֹ磬ֻΪһͳĻڵѾǹˣ  Ŀɽ磬Ϊ˸
裬Ȼǳܹģһֳʱɽİվʹһֲ
ʥҪʵˣһԵĸҲøˣ  Ȼˣ˵˶øˣ  ಣ  ҩ˵У˲伸Ѿǽе״̬
׽Ũ
״˿̽ͬ۴ѧһգΪľʥͻƣ  СѭʮΣѭʮ˴Σ  ׵Ŀвϵĳ⼸˵ţҪǿеĽ˵ʵ  ˵͸ʵǼֱСһ
ʱĹѾͻƵľ磬һԵĸҲѾֱͻƵľ磡
˿̵ʥҲΪҩãʵѾ龳۷壡
һԵķҰһɵѾŵôҴǾһֱǱߡ
ʱ䣡
˲ϵţ׵ĵҩҲǺģ  ͸Ѿǵ˼ˣǿͻƣҲһֵģ  һϣʱ߻ħ״
˿̵͸Ѿ˫ۣ˻һۣжǳ֮ɫ  Ĺ˵ʵ  ׿˵й̾磬öҩǾȹֵ̣ͻ徳Ĺؼʱڣ˵һԡ
徳
Ǳ׸ŵˣԼѾ龳ĳڣҲȻˣ
ǰλǰ˭ôܹ˵ǿоھ͸һ㣡  һԵĸĿѾЩˣѾ񾳽ˣ˵߼Ҷܹˡ
˵ĿⶼǼһԱסʥϣܹͻƵĻλǰ̫ˡ
ֱܹ徳ǶôĿŰ  ˿ǳ𾪣һ˿֮ɫ
λǰʵ̫ǿˣ
ǽ絽ڣ֪ΪȻܹôģ  ʵҲΪ׵õɽ紫Уڼӵżǿʵĵҩȹ̾ĵҩŻĵ  򣬻һ֮ˣĲ˵˵ʵ




775𺳵ʥ
 

ʥΧһŨϵռ䣡
׿ʥӣ¶һ˿΢Ц
˿ֶ̣һöҩöҩǱģ鵤  ֪ʥһ鵤ڼԼһԻ徳ǰ϶飡
Ȼʥոշ鵤֮ϵСϪۼ󺣵˲䣡
һֱĵ֮Ѿϵıѹѹѹ
飡  ʥĵﴦһҵı֮ǵڽɻı־Ҳǽ׵һ־  龳ͨ徳һʷԵͻơ
Ҫ֪ܶ˿徳һҲ޷Խ벽˵徳Ƕôͻˣ  Ϊʲô徳ͿԳ֮Ϊеĸ֣Ҳԭ򣡣  ʥӿֳһĨ״֮ɫܿı쳣Ť  ס񣬼ͻƣ
һŭȣʥͻƣҲʼЩʧصĸо
ͬȴͻƵڣͻƵʵϸӵѣ  ʥԭЩŤ׵һŭ֮ƺӵ  䣡
һʥ𣬽Űʥʼɢ  ˿̵ʥѾɫĺܣ
Ҳԭƽ
۾  ʥ͸һɾ⣬һŵĹâ  ĹȻ龳ĺֱͻƵ徳ĳڡ
˶оһս  ǰ
ʥĿ͸ż֮ɫͨһ͹  ԭΪԼ϶ûϣ徳ʥһĳΪһǿߣ  Ҫ֪ʵĿǰǻҲǴ´ˡ
һԵʥҲǰʦ壬徳
㡭㾹Ȼﵽ龳
𺳣  ʥ֪Լʦֶʵģ۷ѣ龳ĳڣǻʮǧأ
û뵽ǰλǰ֮Ȼͻ˶صΪ龳ǿߣ
˵ǰֻһЩ츳ĻôѾǱȺܶ˵Ҫ̫̫ˣ
ѾʡȥʮĿޣҲʡȥ̫̫Դ  ʦ壬ⶼǰĹͣ˵ʵҡҵڶšҲһãȻ˵
ǰֶͨ죬ʵĳʥһε˵
׿ʥ˵Ӧʵϴ֮λ˰ɣ
ţţǰͨʥ޵ݣʥ̵
׳ϣԺ飬ΪҾ̫幬͸˲š
ʲôǰǾ̫幬ˣ
࣡  ʥĺһεķһû뵽ǰλǰȻǾ̫幬ˣ  ̫幬ѾǷ磬ʥҲ֪Ϊʲô˼ôţˡ
һˣܹɱ徳ڵǿߣȻ֮ǰЩԾԷ鰡
̫幬ף׵ͳʥĶУըһ㣡
̫幬ף  ⼸ѾʥһķˣҪ֪⴫֮еǣǾǾ̫幬ף  û뵽׽羹ȻһεףλȻ˵ƽ׽ˣ
ʵʥû뵽
ʥʿˮȻǾ̫幬ġ
кʣ׵Ȼ˵
ûûУҵȻˣҲֻǰˣܹɽӵ󰡣
ʥҲòϣȷ̫ˣоԼ徳ƺûκεķ֮
һԵĸҲʿˮ֮ǰҲǸո˵ҽȵ飡  ʱھ̫幬൱ĳݣ߾ǳѪ͸ɾģ
ںȻ俴̫幬ȻվǵĸǰʵһʵķԾܲ
㣬Ӧ֮λѵĻʱֻҪһѪɣƳһ۷Ұһɵ֮Ҳǳ  лԵ߾ȫΪϡ
ʥд˿ѾǶһʵķɽ˴һĪļ֮У  Ҫ֪
Ҳֻ˵ɶ˵УʥһĳϾȻҲӵһ  Ѳɲֵü
Щ֪е࣬Ĩɱ˰ɡ׿˿ҰһɣҲ΢΢Цһ
ʥֱӳ˹ȥ  ֡ңҡԸū
ҰһɿǴɱķĳԭʿѾ֮һգ
ͨһǰ
ʥ˿ףʾԼʱ֣ͣҲŷҰһɳ׵ķ˹ȥ




776³ϣҰһͬ־
 

ȡľѪ
ҰһɣûκεԥֱȡԼľѪ
ķҰһԥһ֮Ҳˣ
ţ
ǷҰһڵ뷨Ҫ֪˵׵ūҲҪǿ̫̫ˣ
ֻҪžϣ˵ˣղſʯƾӣҲȻĶ  ֻû뵽׾Ȼôˬ죬ֱԼȡѪ  ˲ĹѾҰһɳɹѪ
ˡ
Ѫɹ֮󣬷Ұһɵ̬Ҳ̱ø֮ǰһˣ  ԭҪסһ룬һʵЩˡ
Լ鲻õʱ򣬿϶Ҫһģ  Ҳ˳Ǳһµ֮  Ǳ߰һӣҲбҪģҲûжϧ飡  ǰһȻˣʥĿʵ
΢΢ֵд㣬Լȥȡɣϣ㲻Ҫñʧ
ǣǰ
ʥ˿Ͼ徳ǿߣ˭Ը׽أ  ҲһЩűԵ徳ǿ߻ᱻɵ֮
ҪΪĴϣкܶҪڲڵˣǱž̫幬ɽ
ʥѾεľĵվھ̫幬ˡ
ΪģΪ˼ԼԼʦֶİ
磬ܹ֮ѾΪףο˼Լľأ
£ָָ
ң
һ⻰Ҳסˣ˿׶
˼ҪĻֺαؿĵİԼʵһأ
ôˣԸ⣿׿Ÿ
ǣֻǲ֪ǰΪʲôҪҡʵԼûʲôüֵ  Լļ߼ңЩŵУҲǸ  ʵ΢屳Ҳĺܣ˻òЩ֮⣬ĻһǴ  ѲλǰǿԼòҪĻһӶ֪ôˣ
ʵλԼҲо֮ģЩνǶһӵߣ뵽ԼЩƣ
ʥ˿Ҳ£뿪ߣ
ǰҪǿСӣ˵ʵǻСӵĸǸŲ;ûʲôҪˣ  ٿһԵķҰһɣҲЩεĿף  ׿ŷҰһɳʵڷǸʲôģ
ڷҪǹ׽ĲҵûʲôʵȨһη峤Ĺ׻ƣΪ׽ĸˣȻҲҪֻû뵽
Ұһһ˵ߣԼҲƵĺܣ
һʧνһ徳ڵǿ߾ôˡ
˵ֱǳصһ
ԭѾǵλȣһӼ͵÷ʵ˽ķ֮һ  ׿ŷҰһɳ׽Ĳҵʲôҵ
Ұһû뵽׾Ȼ׽ĲҵҲȤ̵ĲҵҪعһ飬ּžǷĲҵ
֣Ǻǣҵ˵ҲЦе˵
һԵĸҲǸоһ֣Ҫ֪һЩͼļŲŻ׽Ĳҵ  û뵽ǰλȻҲ׽ĲҵȤøЩ㲻ˡ
Ұһһ׾Ȼ˵ּţҲǾȵ˵ˣ
ˣǹԹԵĸһȥˣܹΪĺĳԱʱû׼һˣ㵱峤ʲôġ
׿ŷҰһҲǵȻһЦ϶ҪȥתһȦģڿӦþһĶˣ
Ұһһ仰˶˵ң峤ˣҵʵʵ̫΢ˡ
ңʵҲܵ͵ʲôطȥģ
˵꣬ѾǶ˲ٵĵҩֱ˦˷Ұһɡ
һȻˣںôҲԼˣôҲ
ҰһһеЩҩҲǼ  Ҳеҩģɸ׻ƵĵҩȣǼֱ
οղҰһҲǿ׽˼ҩͽ˵ʵѸٵˡ
ЩҩΪ徳ǿˣȥֻ֮Ҫɣ׳
ллˣллˣҰһԼȻҲܹΪ徳ǿߣ˶һ˵ļ
˭ûҰģ˶ҰģҰһҲ⣡
ŷҰһɵ뿪ʱյЩˣΪ˿ֻиߣ




777ѧ㣬˳·
 

ͬ۴ѧ֮У
ԭս֮Ϣһ˿˿Ĳд棬ʱ֮ͬ۴ѧһƬĻЦ
˭Ҳ֪ڸոǴѧ֮УѾǾһս
˿ֻ̣֮ʣ˸ˣҪ֮ǰĻ׾ԲĿʾˣ  ڸߕF껡Ѿˡ
ڼڸҲо֮ǸԼͬ۴ѧѧʵҲûκģ
ǰ֪ǲҪһЩʲô
һֱԼ˵ҲЩ}Ļţ  ׿Ÿ΢΢һЦʵ˵ҸղŵʥûʲôԵ֣Ϊ㣬ҲŸġ
ǰ˵ΪҲš
ĭЩֵĿףλǰ˵Щְ  ȻҪȻΪôɺϵ飿
ԼĺɫͶң¶ԭģ  һף˶ˣΪһ֮ǰڸ߼˽˹ݵˣ
ʱļǵ˸˽˸߼˽˹ݣӦþͬ۴ѧѧ  ҡҼ
ױһ仰˿Щմĸоˣ
ѧ㣬˵ǽǵڶμɡ
״˿̸ǸڼҴкһ㣬ﻹиղǴɱķľ̫幬ģ  ѧ㣿ǰҲͬ۴ѧѧ
оԼһЦһ㣡˶оһıĻһЦ
ϲˣ׿Ÿ΢΢һЦҲΪʲôһԭѧ㣬˳·
˳·
һưôҲû뵽ԼѧУȻ˵ĸ֣
ףף
֮ǰоһϤΪߕF峤֮ǰϲһԱ˵Աϲһ׵ӣ
ôˣѧĪǲԸѧһѧУЩ뿪Ц˵
˿̵ĸﻹԸⲻԸģ磬ǿǸ߸ϵ
ҪĽĻҪ˵仰¶һ  ˼һõˣȻԼһѧУĸоһ㣡
̫幬û˵  ɲ˵Ҳ֪˼Ӧ൱ţΪղʵǿϣᵽ̫幬ʱɫҲǱֱ䡣
οǸ߼綼㲻˵Сأ
ǣҡҲҸǰһǡҲ˵ﻰ
˵ͬ۴ѧúõ߹׷ԼʲôĹ۶һ۵֣
һжˣλͬ۴ѧĴУڿ׾󿴵èһ㣡  ˿̣ȴѾǹΪһ֮ףоȻ˲
׿Ÿ׽磬ҽԷˣͬѧԺɲǰǰ̵ˣֱӺ׻ָ綼С
һ⻰ŵֵǰôʹãҡ
ѧ㣬㲻İɣ׳ŸʵҲŻŻŮѣ  Ŀ˿ףЩ֧֧Ŀ׵ǲǣָ֡硭
ͶѧУѧҪܺǰǰģ˵ԺѧУô찡Цŵ
ҲķſˣΪǰǰ֮ǰЩǰһӵģ  ˻ĳͬ۴ѧķ˹ȥȥһ£
һ·ϣЩĬʵкܶҪףһֱҿڡ
ãЩ̲סʵǰŶָ磬һ⡭
ѧ㣬鷳Ժ˵ҾͲô˺ðɣҲ֪ҵݣ֪Ļ㶼ң
ʱԵõƽ׽ˣʵһֱȸദ˻ͷ֣һʵҲһ˶ѡ
ʵõһǣ绹׽磬һͬʵģ
һ綼ûмܹȻܹĵΪǰ·ңֻöѣ
Ҿ֪ǲǴһǸˣ͡ظԱѡƲסԼİ֮ʵ
֪ߕFҪսˣ׿Ÿ΢΢һЦ
̾һԭһΪߕF껾ȻΪһŮ۸һˣҶЩоݣڿߵˣ
Ʒ治զΣ֮ǰڸ߼˽˹ݣҶˣЦŵ
΢΢ҡͷû뵽ԼǱԼ峤ԼøˣǱǰˣ治֪Ӧÿ޻ӦЦˡ
Ī⣬Ǹǻǻ㲻һǸǻأ׿Զ
뿴ߕFսǰӣһ뵽Ҳ
׿Ÿ΢΢һЦһҲвһζ
˲糯ͬ۴ѧķ˹ȥ




778еԴ׵
 

ͬ۴ѧ
״Ÿͬ۴ѧʱѾ֮ˣ
ϵ֪׻֮ҲΣһһεʧˡ
ҲϰˣǸߕF껵Ǳ䱾ϣҲЩʤ䷳
ϣľ׼뿪ѧУΪľǲøߕFһҵԼ
ɵߵУſڵʱȴ׾Ȼͬ۴ѧĴŮ֮һԼķ˹  ס
һ׵ʱҲЩһԼ˸ɧˣãȻŮһء
ԼΪæԼҵҴأ
ʵѾǿϣҲǳϵķ˹ȥ  һλҪ飬º־˳˳극ȥˡ
ԼĵһŮˣκ˶治˵ģ  ˣþò׿ҲΪƤ˵
㻹֪ô˴ڰþòҿһ㶼ҡϾС죬ﻹһԱӣ  ôأ׿ϳԴ׵ӣҲ΢΢һЦ
һϣ̵ظԱ
Ҫ֪ǰķ˰Ժ󼴱磬˼ҵĵλҲǷǳߵġ
ȻڿȥظԱɶҲ֪ҸóӦþǸͨ˶ѣ
ôһ𣿡ϿŸҲƵʵȷһǳŵƯŮǸ˶ϲģ
һظԱԴףҲһԱҡҸָ硭
ףߡ
һȻΪָ磬һ
ҲǿЦһҲǸӵģлĸͰɣ
ѧ㣬Ҫȥ
׺ϵվУſ˵⻰ʱȴߕFѾϵĸǰ  ߕF껲ʶףʶȴʶһԵĸ  ȻలµվߣҲЩ֣  ڣ׵ķŹȻҲû뵽顣
ʲôطȥʲôϵѾ˵ˣˣԺԶһ㣡
ƵĿһʵǱһĲ䷳ڽǳˣҲܹĺһˣ  ѧ㣬ҲҪôɣ֪ѣǸһǰɣʲô׵ģ
ߕF껿΢΢һЦŵЦУƺ£  ѽʲôûκεĹϵɣ뿪
֮ǰĻϻ̬ȣɽͷϣҲڣȻƢˣ  һԵĸߕF껾ȻŷΪڳĻҪЦˣ  ôܸûйϵأ׵ļһҶüˣÿһζڣʹˣһ˿ѧʱٳѧУ棡ߕF껿΢΢һЦ
ʵǰƹڴѧ̸ԸߕF껵ʱҲû׷  ɺϹˣߕF껾ʱˣټѧҲҪظ߼ˣȻҲҪʲôź  һҪŮȢ֣˵ռǷǳǿҵġ
ϲ̸  ɵߕF֪ϾȻ̸ˣҾȻǸѧУһһ̸Щŭˣ
ʱ¶ģһҪŮ˸Ū֣һô˼㣡
ѧҵ˵Ҳν飬еʱ䣡
˼ظԱҪ㣬ֺαأ
һߕFӣҲ¶һ˿мЦݣ
˵ǰվڸߕFһߵĻӽѾѸߕF껻߼ҶԼĵˣ  ˵ķ𣿡ߕF껿ŸЦһҸ㣬ðҵĺӦ֪ģ
ҲԼԼ°ɡ
˵ΪߕFҲܶˣϾȻǰǽǣ治֪һﵽ׻ô  СӳȥһȦ˲ߕFһȻ˸Լ˵Ҳ˵
Цһĸ㲻
һȥû˵ķݡߕF껲΢΢һЦѧ㣬˵ϲ
ϲʲôûʲôϵɣ׿һҸоôãʵڶЩĴһıˡ
ֻǣѾڱߵıԵҲЦ˳  ǣ˼ʲôҸǰҫΪӢ۾ʲô˶СӣԹԵĹһȥá
ߕF껿Ѿ൱ĲˬֱңȻǸӵˣ
ղ˵ˣСֱQˣ
˿ĻѾǴܵͷ֮ϣȻܳҲϵĸǰһ°




779׵̯
 

ͬ۴ѧſڣ
ߕF껿ѾǷǳĲˬһﾹȻһ  ׽˵һ仰øߕF껸оԼϵĸǰˡ
ڼ˵ĲԼӣҲǴΪĹ
ŸߕF껵ĻҲ¶һ˿ЦҪǲأ
ǣԣ
ߕF껵ǿʵһߵУЩӸһ㣡  ΪߕF껹˼ԼߵݵĻͱһˣ  ߕFҲһ֮ˣǶ֣ҲȻᶯðֵ
Ĵ֮
ӲӲȭͷȭͷ֮ĽҲǷǳģͨĶأ  ˵ˣֻҪףȻҲͲĹעҲĿģ
һ
Լ˵ȻûκεķӦߕFŭˣ
ֱͲԼɫȻ⼸ѾǱͬ۴ѧ˸ˣں
ﷲӶʲô֪Ʒ  ڸߕF껵УΨеģ

ߕF껾ôĶףһԵǿһɵһĿŸߕF껣
ϿףеҲûΪ׵ʲô  Ҳ֪׵ֵǷǳǿģȻЩ׵ȴһ㶼ϲôĸߕF껣  磬㡭
ڸߕFۿ׵ʱ򣬴һ߳һˣ  ôſڳһһıǸ  ʵûпȻǿģ߼ҵı壬ѾʧȥȤ  ôˣߕFһԼˣҲɻʵ
磬״ˡ
ʵصҸߕF껵ģ˵Լĸ糯Уķ˹ȥҲǽϵǸԼĸ磡
ֻû뵽Լĸ羹Ȼһ𣡣
ʲô״ˣߕFһ
ԭһɱ˲ʧô׳Сӣã״ʲôʱģʲôط
֮еǣ״˵˼һȥһˡ
ĿŸҲ֪ǰЩ˺˸ǹġ
ߕF껳ʵȻ˵ĻǾһȥһ˰ɡ
ȥɡ
׿Ÿ΢΢һЦʵҲóǲȥġ
üȻѾزΪʲôܹռȨأ  ҡƺʲô˵һԵЦŵҸһȥˣҪȻһȥ
ʲôÿģЩĵĿף߼ҵԼƺûκεĹϵ  ŸѾǸߕF뿪ҲһԹĿף  ׿΢΢һЦСϣʵܶûа취ͣȻ˵ĻҾʹ㿴һ磬Ҳ֪ΪʲôôΣ
һ磿ʲô˼ʵ֮ǰ׻һЩɣ  ҲǻɣΪ׵ŮˣԼֻҪ׾ͺˡ
ֻÿһ׶ǸһŮȥģҲһơ
ΪŮˣС۱ȨԼѾǹȵˡ
˵Ǹ׷ɵˣ𣿡׿Цʵ
׷ɵʿ𣿡ҲǿǰһЩС˵ЩҲ֪һЩġ
ֻǴ֮еģôʵлأ
ôһ˵ҲһЩˣʶʻ
Ǻǣʿֻеһֶѣᱲ׷ʵһĳ֮ΪʿҲ޲ɡ
׿ϵͦǿģҲЦ
㿪ʲôЦʲôɣһֵĿףȻҲǲԸһʵ
ǣСϣҾ˵ҸǷǳķѾġ׽ӵŲٵߣʵΪʲô֮ǰҸһ𣿾ΪҲߣǰһͱ߸ɱˡ
ʵ͸ΪòһζȾã  ȻһߵʱҲˣҲʲôߣô˵һˣǰ컹㱻˸ɱˣףҿЦأҲţ
ȥΪһ¸ڵɼ壬Ҳһ
״ͨϸȥ֮ǰѾǸһ͵  վǱ߸߼ҵ˴򣬿ҲƲϵķģ  ϿףԥƬ̣ʵϻǳ˲ţ
ǿ˵ҲҧҧЩа˵ã뿴㵽ǲǴţѻڱһһ׵ģţ񶼳ˣҲǷˡ




780¶ײ峤ĸ
 

ͬ۴ѧ֮У  ˿֮վ߰˸ˣΪ׵ļ˾Ȼŵۣ  ׽磬ŵ۵ҲǺ֣Щ˰ǵ߳ʱԱҲ˰ǵĵҵӣ  ɲôһûע⵽Ƚֵ˵ġ
ֻЩ̬ɣκεҲϰһ·
ô·
ϿǰļˣҲЩˣһѾϸоһľ档
ʲôֵģҶ˵ˣ֮ˣֻʵ΢һЩѣ׿ϵĿҲǱͣĵĸϽ͡
ϻʲôɵİǰݵʲôߴɶĶˣ̿ʼ
һʱ뵽ľȻǰߴİ꣬⵹һΣ
ߴҾͲ֪ôˡ
ҲŲ˺ߣСӲ·ưʸ⾹ȻԼͲᣡ  ǡǸղŸǵ˸ߕF°ɣҲһǵʵ
ȻѾǰѸ׹ΪһˣüҲӦг˺ѵİɣ  ڣȻû£Цŵ
ף𣿹ֲ֮ǰЩСĶ֣ԭ㡭
ϴ˿Ҳ׵ĻݲŰ
Ǹղһʱ׾ȻһԾͽԼһ֮ߵ֦֮ϣ
ѾΥѧĹˣϴ˿̾ǲţҲйŹˡ
ֻϾ׵֮ҲӦ˲١
׸ʱȻ𾪲ѣȴûֻʧɫĸо  ˣԺͰɣʱȥ翴һ֪ˡ㲻ǰһֱҪĪȥʲôط𣿡
׿ҲЦڽ͵ʱͺýͶˡ
Ͽ׵ͷ֪ˣӦҲеʲô֮˰ɣ

ЩǵĹһϵСӣȻĽӵڻС
ϵǡǲҲܹΪ˰
ʵҲЩǵģ˵ʵѾ׵ˣҲ֪ⱲҪԼԵڶ˶Ҳǲˡ
ҲΪʲôһٶĻʲôҲȥܵһԭΪʵ᲻뿪ף
֪׾ԼΣ֮ʣôܹأ
񿴵׾Ȼʲô֮ˣЩˣ
ôͳ֮أ֮ˣôԼأԼӦô죿  ʱĸо˲ѹˣ
׿ЦŵȻˣֻҪԸ⣬һȻû⣡
֮У
ߕF껴Ÿ͸վǰλŵ۵Ӹǰ  ״ˣλϡ
ߕFһм֮ˣҲ¶һ˿Цݣ  ߼ҵ峤ҲǸ߼ҵȨ֮ˣ  ԼĶӳF껰ʵûʲô
ߕF֮ǰڵ۷壬ȥˣȻڵ۷壡  øɫǳѿĻԺǸ߼һʲôϣ  Ψһϣָǰˣ
ΪʲôӵȨͬ۴ѧΪҪڷһ
״ˣΪ̫ϡ٣ټϡߕFɵ
һû۸ɣ˴Сһ𣬶ʵ츳Ҳǲ࡭
Ÿ΢΢һЦʵ
峤ҿɸʲλĿŸ
ʲô
Ҳ࣬һ£Ÿһŭȣ  и裬Ǹĸף  ˴ܹŸҪҲΪԼŮҲͬ۴ѧ
ʵҲڶѣ߼Ҳ߰λӣĿǰŸ߼ִõĸ  еĳʲôģǲܹᲢ۵ģ
ǵλģڸ߼ҵĵλļλϣҲΪʲôߕFΪһƷֱӾͷ˸һԭ  Ϊ͸ڸ߼Ҹûκεĵλģ
Լĸ׵״ˣ²ʣҸߕF껺͸֮飡
㡭ӣȻֱλ֣Ҷ峤˲мԴˣ
輱ˣɾôһŮڿԼŮ峤˻峤˵ĶŮ˳ͻܲ
Ҳ֪ԼŮӣһ϶飬ǾײɽǽҲͷģ
ŸɫһӾȥ
ؼһִøŮѣȻҶԼ̬ȣ




781˲Ϊ
 

һƬɪ
߼ң˸͸֮⣬˵Ŵһζ  豾ͲܼĴҲܽΪһִõĸˡ
ոʵһûκεġ
ʵΪԭϵģΪߕF껺͸ĺõĻ
¸ϣ  û뵽Ȼλϵ棬һӶֱˣ  ȼɭϣ峤֮λȻ߾֮  ӵų˵ʵҪĳˣԣǻϾ·һˣ
״ˣҲҲˣû뵽ȻҲ㡭
ߕFЦһ˳  ѾǱһΣ֪ŮԺԲԼ
Ȼ˵ĻôڳŸ߼Ҹ߲ߵʱȻҲŹˣ
Ͻ峤˹¡
ӿֳһ˿֮ɫҪ֪һڸ߼Ѿöˣ
ȻҲ֪˸Ĵۻʲô  ߼ңһҶҪʧˡ
ΪʲôҪ£֪ҪͣһԵĸѾӣĻ𣿡
峤ˣ·ϣҵȽź򣡣
ԱߣһֵӴһ˿Ŀ⿴ŸǷһ˿Цݣ  ϣС¡
һϵĻ˸оˡ
һĿԼŮг˰֮ɫϣԼŮܹϸ  ĻǻϣǣҪһζĸ峤ŸɵĻǿĽǸŮ˵ļˣ
߸Ѳɲ֪Ĺ·ϣǸϵΪۻ룬Ÿоһ  ɸȴ֪ʵǸ峤߹ѣ  Ÿ̾һǰԭǴһϢģֻϧûϧ
״ˣʲôϢߕFһкϢ˶
Ѫų̸ף׼˽ѪţܲܽžҪǵ컯ˡ
Ƿһ˿ЦڵĸѾǱųˡ
˾ԲһһΪΪ߼ҷˣ  ߕF껣ڸżǿĵλģԲܹԼĶӴһЩǱڵв
ǸǰһĻôȻǿһ  ŮѾͷǣԺԼӵһвҲ˵ء
ʵʵһ㣬Ǹȴ֪֮е츳ߵġ
Ÿ߼ٵԴȴԼŮʵ൱߳һ  ԼĶӣڹҲѾǸˣ  һ⻰ҲǱѪڿһŰ  峤ˣղŲһʱͿͿɡ
һлΪԼŮʵԼҲ֪Լܹڸ߼кܴһԭԼŮйأ
Ϊǰйͻģһֱѹ  һֱԼŮҸߕF껺͸ıȽϣ˺ϵĸƣ
ѪڣǿһŰߕFһѪֵʱ˶ʵ״ˣôѪڴϹϵģ
Ǻǣ˵ҲˣνǷӿ
֮УҲǴһĨ֮ɫ˵Ѿĳˡ
ףͲҪ˺òð׽磬ѹҲ֪鰡
ߕF껺͸һԼ⻰ǵİ֮Ҳȼհ  峤֪ɣԺɾѪڵΧˡһԵĴϿŸߕFҲ΢΢һЦ
Ѫڣôأ˼ҿһŰߕFЩʵ
һлΪ峤˵ӢѪųԵʻҸ߼ң峤˻ʶ飡˳ѣ峤˽߼ҵ˵һ飬λѪڵų϶˵͸
ʵΪʲôһҪնɱΪλѪڵųֻ  ʵԭѾǷˣϾ峤Զˣ  û뵽ͬ۴ѧߣȻ۶ӣĶײ峤ˣ
һǧѷĺûᰡԼĶ˵лأ  ˲Ϊ
ȻҲˣ˻ô
ߕFһĿŴϵ״˾ȻѪڵųѣ̫ˣǽѪڣԺԴбλųһ仰𣿡
ȻҲ¶һ˿Цݣ
״ˣλϣҼǵѪںλʮ󳬼ڵĸŰɣߕF껵ϸֳһĨ֮ɫ




782𾪵ĸ
 

ڣѾǹȥʽˣ
ҲǿЦ˼֪ԼΪʲôôĺã  Ѫ֮ǰȷڵģɺȴ˱ʣİλʮ󳬼ŵͷ˹ȥ  ϿŸߕF껺ٺһЦѾλʮ󳬼ˣ
ʲô⡭λʮ󳬼Ҳܱ˸ôأ
ߕF׽ʱЩˣ֪ܶ
Ҫ֪һҲͻȥһΣһʱѾ˷츲صı仯  ߼С壬ȻʵǿǴϢȴǳǿ
Ϊǲ˽ƵĻҲûа취ˡ
ԽСţ֪СϢԽǶ࣡  ΢΢һЦڵλʮ󳬼ţѾǱ̫幬ˣ
̫幬״ˣҺǵǰֻһ칬һ̫幬ɣôŶϲˣ
ߕFǰԼܱߵ˽ķǳġ
߼һֱǴһзС壬ҲҪһЩǿһЩţ
Ҳûʵ֣ĳ׽ķչˡ
ܹѪһŴϹϵֱ֮
ͷѾϲΪһţ̫幬磬ҲһǵĴڰ
״ˣ²ܰɣߕF΢΢ҡͷЩŵʵǰǶŶѣǺϲˣǿΪһһſ¶ʸ񰡣ôܶȡλʮ󳬼ŵʸأ
һԵĸҲһ̾˵Ҳãҵ˵ǿ龳̫ϳϴڵŰǾ칬̫幬źϲҲܺڵĵλɡ
ȷ̫ϳ龳ĸ֣ȴ̫幬ˣλ̫ϳѾΪ˾̫幬ĸˡ
˵ʱ·ԼǾ̫幬һ㣡
ҵθ찡
ߕF껺͸һ˴ʱҲ𾪲ѣ  ʵͬ𾪵ĻһԵĸ̫幬Լλѧ
Ѿ֪λѧܵû뵽λѧܾȻô
նɱ徳ǿߣڸѾʯ쾪ˣ  Ȼ׾Ȼ龳ĸֵʱûһ  𾪣ʲôأ
˵ģǸǻǻ㲻  ԼףǼֱеǣλֱ̫ƽ׽ˣ
߼ҵ˻Ҹоõĺܣ˼Լ·ϣһССĸ߼ҾȻҪԼ  Ȼ߼ҶԼʣΪʲôԼܹ߼ңĹϵʱֱ̫幬Ҳûпܵ飡
ԼĶӺŮ⻹𾪵顭
У
ߕF껸оԼЩˣ̫幬ֱ̫һɣ
ҽȺ͹ҽλӦ֪İɣ΢΢һЦ
ǵȻ֪ҽȺ͹ҽȿ粻ǵĴڰߕF̵
ʵǸߕF껣˶֪󳬼ţ
Ȼǲλʮ󳬼ţŵʵԲЩλʮ󳬼ŵͰ
µǣſžĵҩԴǵλǸ߸ϣ  ĳţºܶʱҲҪҽȺ͹ҽȵɫģ
ڴϺȻᵽҽȺ͹ҽȣѲɾ̫幬ıվŵţ  һԵĸŴϵĪ̫幬ı֧ţ
ѾǱˣ  ڸղŸð飬ѾǱʱĸһߣ  ߼ҵʵҲûмʲô棬ð˸ŵľȻøڣ  ˵ô˵Ϊ˶ǰĸ˵Ǹ߼ҵһţĿɽ  ̫幬ˣһλֻҽȣݿɿϢҽ̫ϳﳽͰ׵壬Ⱥն£
˵仰ʱҲһƬĳ֮ɫ
˿ѾܹĳǾĶǵĳˣǾɽӣ
ϣ˵ģʲôͷߕFҲʿˮ˿̵ҲǳһĽ֮飡  һԵĸЩ˵ܹӢⱲӶֵˣ
ҵѾΪѪڵĸӹԺŻлܹģʵҵҲҪһλ˵ӢۣţĺܰϹһЦ
״ˣǻʲôأȥɣߕFЩȲ˵
峤ˣ²˳٣͸ŮǾʹȥѪڱɣЩȲ˵




783¾ĸ
 

ϣ
һһ͸оã  ϵ˼֪ܲأ֮ǰڸ߼вʱ򣡣
мΪѪڵִ£ϵʱһԲ
ΪִĶǴϵĶӣ  ԿóҲǷǳϣܹԼĶӣ  ֻΪ͸ߕF껻иСϵǳĺãѾ˼꣡  ԸһѪڣ
Ҫ֪߼൱ߵĵλҲΪˣϲδ֨  峤ĺ˶֪
ߣ裬Ů·ϣ峤˺峤ϣǽ컹ܹӵõ𣿡һ
ʵѾɱƵ֣ΪѺһ־ûлתˣ
ҪɱһִõĸһλҲ˵ɱɱģ  ƾðԼҪɱ
ԵԼ峤̫С
˵ˣ֪е׷ʲô飬ҪһΪɣ
ϣȿ׷ʲôɡ
峤֪ʲô𣿡ϿŸߕFЦʵ
ߣ峤İţԸΪʲô̸ģߕFЦһ
ԸΪߣҪкã
ߕF껣ҲΪǸ߼һε峤Ϊһ棬Ȼڲˣߵĸǰ׸ƣֱǶ׻ߵ棡
ڿɲˣԴǵĺǳŸߕF껣
ߣüͷ΢΢ŸߕF껣
ߕF껳״ˣģ峤ڣ˸ԸһƷ
Ʒһ˿̰  Ҫ֪ļ壬һƷ൱֮һԴ
߼Ҵ󼸰ٺˣܹװ׵ĵõһƷĻɾʹſԵõܶʯ
֮˵Ҳͦ󷽰ȻֱóһƷϳʵ
ϣɲզΣ˼˵ˣʱԸ޸˼ҵĻ˼뻹óϵƷ
ߕFھںˣҲûҪԼŪһΪ治ƴ֮ˣ  Ҳ˵˼ԸļƷӮȡˣ׵Ķˡ
״ˣ˵վڼĽǶ˵ܲȥǸ߼ίȫôʱ䣬һǿǼʵĺûᰡ
ߕF껿Ÿһ˵ʵϸͲô£
ЦһߕF껣㻹ǻԼ𰡣ҪõǼƷѲƷõ֮󣬲Ǹ߼ҸǻҲɣ
󵨣
ЦһҲһļԸ峤峤̬ȣһٴˣ
ŮҪţѾûκεĻˣ  һߣҲһƬֲԼŮҪ𷴿  ԭѾҪƼ޸ˣ  Ҵôˣ㲻Ǹһ߹ѣȻˣ
ŴһĲмС϶ǼҾûиɫ  Լĸףλϸѹļû֮  ΪԼߕF껺͸վһߵĻԼĸͱһҲ˵ˣ  ֻѾҪˣΪʵˣ  峤ˣʵ̫ˣ棬Էڰ
һŭĿŸӶЩ
ڱ˿ģֻдԼ֪Ϊ˷ܣ
һˣʱԼĶӾͿ˳ĽѪˣ
ұԸУֻϧ桭
͸һɱ֮ɫƺЩˣȴ
ٺ٣ɣ
߼ҵĴϣ˵ʵ񾳵ĳڣҲǽոͻƣ
˿̵ĸѾǴﵽڣҲǰٳ߸ͷһˡ
Ҫ֪ĺڶѣûκεв  ܣ㵲š
һıû뵽һԭǺ£ȴӣ  ֻŮԼΨһϣôܹأ  䣡  ʵʹϻǲһεģ˿̵Ĵֱƹ˸裬ֱӳŸϹ
ҪһǷɽҪһɲǣ˶ˣ
Ȼһ̣ȴĿɿڴһĻ




784¸߼ңӦøĻͥ
 

ʧˣ
ڴΪһеʱȴͲǸӣ
ʧˣҴϵʶţûзŮ޵ȥʲôط
Сģ
ʧһɲǣüͷ  Ů޵ʵôôĴȻղŴϵһѾȫǿԸ֪ĳġ
ȫһȻ㿪ˣ
ڸЩ֮ʣȴ˴ϵͷ֮ϣһΪҵϢŴֱ˶  ʶ  ϸоԼеĳ·ƺ˸ˣ˶ˣ  ޿ɱܣ  ֻܹԼƺ͸ӲӲˣ  أ
һʯ쾪ľ֮󣬴˿̵ĴѾǿѪ˹˵ϣ
ˣϾȻˣ  ˶ɴ۾ǰһĻ
Զ׺Ͼôվ֦ϣѾԼͣ  ʵղ˵ʲôʱϻûʲôоΪЩ˵ʲôŰʲôģС˵֣  ȥȻоţϾûļ Ҳ󲻳  ɸղϺ͸֮ˣ
֡ף⡭˵ɵ𣿺ղǸôúõľʧ
һͷ˵Ŀд𾪺;֮ɫ
׿ЦŵԺҲԴﵽĲΣֻڻûнӴԸоһЩ
ôһֵסЩǵĿף ϾһŮҲ򲻹Щ˰ɣ
ЦŵͲõˣȻô˵Ķ֣һһҲûκܹ˵ˣǻϹ𣿡
㣿ɻĿ˿ʵùôˣЩ˿ɸһ֮˰
ڵѾǽʵֻԽǿ˵ԽΪ׸оģ  һҪи̵Ļôأ
Цŵ÷һûзУ
ô˵Ҳ΢һЩǵǲѣ
ǿ۽ˣû뵽ƽУȻһȺˣ
뵽ԼԺпܳΪˣҲһļ  ֮У  ˿̸ҲʿˮһԵĸߕF껿Ÿ״ˣ⡭ôܱأ
ʲôʱôˣҲ𾪵Ŀ˿ߕFʵ
һֱڵʵҶ磬ôأߕFЩƵĿԼĸʵ  ڵʵʲôΣҸ㣬ʵ񾳳ڣһѾǴﵽ񾳵ˣ
϶ܿģû뵽Ȼʵ
Ļ
ʵЩ벻ͨ츳ٸߵĻҲܽô
ѲʲôɣѾ˵ʱˣ
ԭһ׵飬ѾǱøˣȻΪǸ߼ҵı  һԵĸ͸ߕFѾЩҴˣоһĺ£  ҪǵʱŭˣֱնɱǣҲûκεĻ֮
ߕF껻ΪԼʵܹѹһͷȴû뵽˼ѾǳԽԼ
ߣϣôеҪɱ𣿲㻹ʸ񣡸߼ҼȻ˶ԴҸҲͲˣ
ֻһˣ˵֮У˿һֽӢ۵ƣ  㡭ô
ԭΪԼŮǱˣɵԼŮɱķĳʱ˶ˣ
̫ˣʵ̫ˣ  ŮȻʵԼϵˣڸѾͨˣ
߼ѾݲԼˣҶǸƴһ
Ը߼Ĺɸ߼ҵôأΪִ˼䣬ǾһҪأ߼Ҳǵ˸Ļͥʱˣ
ԭֻһŮˣΪƣòȡԼȨˣ
׿ŸӣҲ¶һ˿Ŀ⣡
ʵ֮ǰʵһǾԵʹȻһҪԺܹܶһ棡
û뵽ôĿ죡
ߣҪ췴ôŸЦһ߼֮衢ͼı棬նɱ˶ߣȻͣ
һ£
ѾǽΧסʵڵĸҲЩǣ
ԭΪ񾳵ĳڣû뵽Ȼͻˣ
ʵԼѾǲಮ٣ȻԱ߻λʵĳϣǺã
ԼĸȻԵֵһλʵĳϣһվǴӮģ  ˺ģܹˣ




785¸Σ
 

֮У  ɱȻ֪Ů޵ĻȻһ޴в
ԸڽٶҪնɱѾǲ֮£  ڽ˼λеĳϣԭΪȥѪڵʱܹһŸ߼ҵ棡
ڻ˴ó
߼ļ˺ʲôģҲʲôñģ
һӱýţƺһ˿Ѫȵζ
ɱ
ɫһ䣬бųһ֣ܿ켸˾ͳŸĸǰֱƶȥ
ҲѾǼս֮Уһʱִ˾춯ص  ŸɱķӣߕF껺͸ǲϵĭôҲû뵽龹Ȼᷢչһ
磬⡭Ҳֲ̫ˣ
￴ĳһԼķǳõĽãھȻԼǱɱ
ԭоһεˣֶ岻ϣ  û뵽ȻʵͼıѾһˣߕFֻܹΪԼˡ
磬ʱܹסСӵĻǸ߼Ҳһ֣Ƣֲǲ֪
ʼվԼԣ˵ʲôˣ
ϻкҩ𣿾ûУ  ߕF껳㲻Ҫˣ˭Ů״ȫնɱʱ˵ֻ𣿡

΢΢ҡͷʵ˵˽ˣ¾ˣ  һֱһûƢˣԼĸһʵֵ̫ĻҲ
֪Ϊ˸߼ҲǾԹԵˣߵһֻܹ˵Լĸһ飡  ٺ٣Ѿ춥סˣʱնɱ˸֮ǾͿȥѪˣǿѪڰ붼ĳȡ
ߕF껿ŸѾǴ·磬ҲǱһ⣡  ֻҪնɱ˸ԼþͿȥѪˣ  һ뵽ߣԺоȻһεĸֳһˣ˲ǱˣǸߕFһֱ˼ϣ  磬ͲܷŹ𣿡һŮһûеͬģ  ߣŹΪռϷ磬Ź𣿵֮ٻѧУһˣߕF껿Ÿ¶һ˿ײЦݵ
״˸ղŲ˵ֱȥѪڣ㻹ȥѧУʲôЩ㲻ĿԼĸʵ
ߕF껳ȥֲһҵź
㡭˵ϣһͨķӣ֮ܵģΪʲôһҪ
һԼĻ˶оһƣ
ߣŮһҪõǽȻŸһ˵²̨ǸСҲŹģҸҸߕFŵˣҾ͵ǸŵĴۡ
ߕFѾˣҪҪĸɸɴ࣡  һ׽Ů˶ѣǰɶˣԼҲǽŵĨͶѣ˵ˣԺ˭ܹҵõ  ŸߕF껺͸Ļһ˿ɱ⣡
ϵһζԸߕF껶ɱ֮ǰȻСĺܹ֣ȴûбҪΪ׵ĵߣ
ۣ֮ŭ
ϣھ׵ۣСҪϿǲʲôأ
Զ  ѾЩԲˣԼʵȻ磬ս̫̫ˡ
һʵԼˣڼϼϵľѾЩˣ  ߣҪ߼ҵݲϵ֮ΡЦһ˵Ĺеķɽһεն  ԽԽһԭΪһûУ  ûзһΣֿܹôѾ൱ˡ
Ҳûɷ  ģսߣֵأ  峤ˣǻǺնɱɣʡҹζ࡭
һϿŸΪѾˣԲˣ  ţǾȡȻ츳ڣֻϧѾҸ߼ûκεĹϵˣɱ˰ɡ
˿ӣ¶һ˿Ц⣡  ҲҿQ磬ҪȻȥѪڵĻʱʵſ϶ûκġ
һѪڳɹˣǵʱ߼Ҫù
Ľһ  һɽֱĸͬķ򽻲ʽĳŸĸǰ۶
콣֯Ľø뵽һ־֮У
˿Ѿûʲô֮ˣԭԣѾǱĴڻΨеһ;ˡ




786ݵ
 

Ľڿ裡  һ֮ж̺ŲƵɱ⣬ҪĽడ  ˿̷ԼѾûκε·  ҪһεԼȴ׽ֱϡٵĿ
ĵٶѾȫĸˣ

ЩѵĿԼŮ֪ԼŮЩɽˮˣ  ľô
бޱȣԼʵû뵽ԼŮȻ׿츳  ͣѾǳԽԼ͸ʵ൱  ҪڼһĻ˵ԼŮܹΪĸ߼֮ˡ
ᰡûн  ı¶ԼȴԼ߼֮˸նɱнѣȴûκεİ취  Լʵ񾳶ûдﵽôܹİԼŮæأ
ɣ
һһٶȷɿ죬ɽһ⳯Ÿĵֱ֮ȥ  ҪӴһɲǣҲǷһЦݣ  Ҫˣ
ߕFҲһʵķǳĵӮˣ  ҪĻʱù˾ˣ
ڿѾǱɣҲһ  ȻڸߕF껸ո³һʱȴԭЩѾʧӰ٣  ʲô
Լ񱻶סһ㣡
Ľڴһɲǣֹͣǰˣƾþȴ˿ܹڶֺ
峤ˣ⡭ҵĹ˸ˡ
ǰ峤ˣҵĺҲǣ̫ˣ
⵽ô°峤Ϊʲôɱ
ļ϶ƵĿŸǲΪʲô⽣Ѿǵ˸ĸǰȴ֣
һԵĴϴ˿˲ᣬûΣ  ֻղƺܵһɼǿŵ˶ˣ  ֣  ղŵһ˲䣬ѾǸܵһλֵϢ  ְ
һӰ˳Ӱĳ˼ס˺  㡭Сô
ߕFЩˣСôߵģҿȥһ㶼֪µӣҪһͨ˿ȳ¶ܹŵιȥ
Ǻǣ·ϣ
˻֣ߕF껾Ǳ˳ȥƤһ㣬ֱӷɳȥԶ
䣡
һص̲֮סһΪ˭ûпһﵽôֵģ  峤ѾǷ˳ȥֱ˰  ࣬һǸоǰ֮˵ʵ쳣Ŀֲ

Ǳߵķ˹ȥðһ˿Ĺâ
ղôһ̣ΪԼҪˣû뵽ȴһεľԼ
ľС¹ײһ㣬ϰµģ  Ҿ̫幬ˣȻҲ۸˱֮ˡ΢΢һЦ
šš̫幬
ŵøεѣ⼸ϵһѾǵóһµʵ  ⡭ôܣߕFȻɣɵ⼸ֵʱҲŵû겻壡  Ǿ̫幬˵ĻǱˣ  ߕF껣ܶĻᣬ׷ŮˣҲûж㶯ɱģ׿ŸߕFһ
⡭ӾȻ׷Ůˣ
һ⻰ûһϲֱӹˣ
ĲϵԼ  ҡҲ֪ǡߕFɫҰףĺסķ
ȴ˼ҵŮҪǿа˼ɱ㣬ԼҲŰɣ
׻δ䣬һҵĽѾֱߕF껶ȥ  ˲䣬ǼһѾǻΪ·ûгֹϣ
֡ҡҵȡһĻ˵ˡ
׿żˣ̾һ߼ңԺҾ̫幬ĸӹ

ɫгϣ֪ԼһŴޱӴĴ
ԺǸ߼峤汾ǰ̫幬У߼֮㸸ȫȨƹܰɣ΢΢һЦ
һ˶  ȥͬ۴ѧΪڣǸ߼ͱˣǡȱκһôˣ  ˣײδĨɱֲһɱ˿ħ˽ɸԼͺˡ
飬׾øԼҲûκεĹϵ
һγֵҪĿѾﵽˣǾϳ׵˽硣




787ϵĽڽ⿪
 

ʱĸԼĸ׸Ѿ뿪ߣȻߕF  ˸δնɱѾӵ˾ԵȨ  ǸʹϵˣҲѾǳ׵ķˣ  ٶǿǱȱ컹Ҫ֣ƱǿЩѾǸˣ  ôҲû뵽ͬ۴ѧһˣԼȻΪ˸߼֮ˣ  û뵽ǣԼŮѾΪ̫幬ŵӣһն
ǿǾ̫幬뵽ҲǼѣ  ԼŮղŵõƵĵҩõһ  ֱðˣڶڸ˵ⱲӶûκεźˡ
ҪǷǰĻԼΪ߼ҵ峤ļڸ߼ҲǼβ˵֣  Ѿһλص߼ʱЩ˵Ŀˣ  ôһŮǾĸְгϢŮҲһĽ
ЩǰԼߺˣȻһĶԼ峤  ˵˵ȫԼϣûκεˡ
ԼŮղҲԼ˵ˣ׽ң飬ܹκ֪
Щ˹ǵ  ҲǷԸ˸ˣΪױܣһССĸ߼ܹʸϾ̫幬˶û뵽ġ
ڶ˲͸ˣΪʵ̫ǿˡ
ȻĶϣڼһֱվڸߵĴҲøߕFСԼ
뿪ͬ۴ѧǰ߼ң
ΪվҪȥ̫幬ˣԼһʱԼȥ˾̫幬ǿҲǻܵŴġ
˵ڶһֻĸооԼ⼸һΣ
һԼһֱԸΣ
ͬ۴ѧ  ˿̵׺Ͼô·ϣȻܶ˶Ϊ֮ĿȴҲû˹ţ
ף˵Ǹ̫幬ļٵİ
ϸղҲ˸УɵǲԸ׾Ȼһݣ  ֪Ѿǲɸĵʵˡ
ЦŵˣܶԭһʵĻڸ͵ģڿ
㰡ĪǲǱˣ
߼˼άǿĺܣʵⶼû׼֣
ΪεĿ˿ϵǡǸûС
ûУ˼׼ˣ㵽мŮˣΪĵĲǱģ׵мŮˣ
һСôɣǶûʲôʵԵĽչ
ҪȷϵģҲĪ̡պͰϪȻ˵в١
ð㰡Ȼҡ
һһůû뵽ԼȻǵһɶˣ  ˷ˣмҲǺ̽͵
Ҿ֪ЩûаʲôģߡҲǾ죬ǵֻû뵽е磬Ȼһ硣ŸղŸǷݵصӣҶЩĽˡ
ĽˣʲôʱҪȥˣȻȥ׿Цŵ
ϵͷðɺðɣǷˣʵҲ֪㲻һˣֻû뵽һ֣Ҳãٲ׽Ŀˡ
ʵһֱ׺أΪʲôҲ˵  ڿ׸Լʵ飬ЩȻˣ  ΪΪĵѾ˲磬ǻһ簡  ڶЩҪȥ絽ôһˣ
εЦЦ΢΢һЦԺһɾգ
ɣ˵Īôúõʧأǰ˼Ҹٺ˰ϿףлǴһ˿֡
ЦŵЩԺˣʵĪ̵ҲκõġȻˣһЩҸûκεĹϵҲҪµģΪ츳˿ɱȡ
ǡȥǲǾǸƿЩεĿʵ
׹һЦʲôƿֻҪ룬ԿԳΪһ֣
δ䣬׵ֻѾ𣡣
һԵҲЩ棬ֲһ鲻ϣͲˡ
ʵԽǿԽ󣬻˵ľ˼ɣ
˿̿ŸղŴɱķףҲӿһĨ֮ɫ
ֻ˿־˳ĵ绰Ҳͽ




788
 

־˳
׽绰̽ԵŶ־˳
˵־˳ٸԼ绰ΪԼһ㲻ѧУʱǲԼ绰ġ
ѧڻ϶ˣͻȻ绰ҲһĲ죡  ָ磬־˳Լٵʵ
ңСһأѧУ棬ôˣ׿־˳ʵ
ѧУ棿̫ˣҲѧУ棬ָ£աղƺ޹ˡ
־˳˵ʵԼҲ֪׷ʲô飡  ˼һŮ߿޿ģҲ֪ôˣ
Ҫףȴû׵ĵ绰鼱֮ҵ־˳  ־˳ûа취ֱӾͽ绰ף  ʵһûĲȥףҲ֮٣Ͼ۸ŮҵԼ  о飬ҵףѧУҲһ
ң
ЩƵʵ˵ﶼˣ⵽ܷʲôأ
Ѳɸйأ뵽֮ǰ־˳˵ȥһˣϡĸопйأ
ҲҪȻҴָ˵ɣ־˳
һɣѧУſڻͣ
ԼĪʮҵĹ־˳ַѾǳ˵֮С
յ˵ʱѾٽĩһ˶ʼץʱѧϰˡ
ʱ˻ûʲô˼ѧϰˣΪһһ
ָ磬һΪֲء־˳ַһҲʼ
΢΢һЦǺǣһֱأ⼸øСе飬Եһ£
ǰ⼸һֱһأҲЦŵ
˿̵ҲǱԽԽѾ׵ˡ
ǰһЩ˼ȫķſˡ
־˳ַҲǳ׻ЦЦָ龰Ҳϡ棡  һԵ־˳֮ǰǣҲ֪׷ʲô飬Ҳ˵˵Ҫָ㡭
Ŷ׷ʲô飿
׿˿Ĵ֮ѾڣӦǳɹˡ
ʱҵԼܹʲôأ
ԭѾǲˮɵһο׵ʱһ̲סˮ
  ٺʲˣ
һԵϿΪŮҲǸϽôˣʲôú˵Ǵܹһģ
ָ磬ҡҡ
ĿԽԽҲüʲô飬Ҳˣ  ô£׳ô޿Ҳô°ɣ  Ҫˣۡ
һ˵꣬Ѿʼʧˣվͬ۴ѧУ⣬ܶҲָָĿߣ  Ͽ龰ҲǳСҪǸҲҪ㣬ڻǻط˵ɣ
ţҿҲǣѧУſܲʲô¡־˳Ҳǵͷ
˺⳵ͳŲԶһŹݷ˹ȥ
˿̣һŹڣ  ־˳ַ˶ǵһιǿ˵ĺլҲĽͶأ
ǿָĺլҲ˲ܹˡ
ô£
״˿ɫҲĺܣ۸ͲˣúõľȻ飬Ҳһķŭѣ  ֮ǰ׷ʱҲСԼģڲŹ˶죿
ѲСѾǳԸĨҪˣ˵Ļ׻øúõ˵˵
һ磬ۺȻ˸绰ң˵Ҫˡ˵ҲҪκεĹϸˣ
˿һεӿ˳˵֮ǰҲôµĻôѾǶˡ
Ѿ϶ۣҲԼΪĵһ׸ۣ
ΪԼⱲܹһǻԼˣҲˡ
вƣû뵽һԭϲ׼ȥϰҸϰȻյ۵ĵ绰
绰ȻΪ˷֣  ܲ˵ǣ۾Ȼ˵Ҫˣⲻǳô  飿ôܣüʵ
һԵ־˳Ҳ𾪵Ŀⲻܰɣ۸֮ǰһķûаô˵׾Ͷأ
ǰҲòܣַҲƶ˵۾Բˣ  ģôƭָأҴ绰Ѿػˡ
ĸоҪˣôأһİ취ûУ




789ֻҪһ
 

һŹڣ  滨꣬޵ϡﻩԿó۵ĸѾǵһĵز
ı˦ˣҲӣ
ҪģҪòòһνĵһΣƺô˿صģ
Ȼ׵˲˽ǣСܵĽǺܴͳġ
ĸػһֱ˼Ҳĵµ֣  ȻһЦÿ˼ÿ˼ҵĽʽһ㻹ûë
ػˣСڻţ˰ҲЩƵ˵  ûйػĻ绰һµô£ھȻػˣҲûа취֪⵽ôһˡ
ָ磬ҵЩΣ˵۸Ӧò˰ȥŸڵʱ䣬Ѳɾˣ
־˳˸ţһǿóģӦǲóİɣ  ֮ǰûʲôװϵŮˣǺϸĵġ
ҡҡͷûûУһ㶼ûУ֮ǰ˼һ绰˵Ҫȥһ¼飬ҵʱѰ˼ļһûе鰡
ȥ飿֪֪ʲô鰡ϼʵ
û˵Ҳûʣ⼸һֱûϵɾڽϣȻ˸绰ҪˣȻ󡭡
Ǳ˵ĺܣ֪ôȥԼ飡
ΪһŮˣȻеʹ࣬һŮһ˵ʱʹ
ߵ˵һôҪϲȫԲȥ׷˼׷ˣ˼һǡ
ַϵԱҾӦòô򵥵İɣ۸ǻ˽ġ
ߣ˵Ȼ˵ˣҿһƽʱ͵ɵġҲŭ
׿ϵˣȲ̸ˣɣѧУţҸȥһ˶
мҪˣ㲻һεĿԶ˰ɣָ硭־˳ЩȵĿʵ
׿˿ϵСϣȥУ˵һ˵ѧڵĿҾͲμˣ
ɶ⣿У־˳Ҳһ̾Ŀף
һԵַЦŵʲôֵģָ֮ǰŪһУᣬǼҳУ򰡣ζЦ˰ɣ˵ָ粻ȥԣڸҪҵ֤飬ҲЦǺǵİġ
Сӵ֪١ҲЦһ
Ͽ׵ףһҪ۸Ǽһʵ̫ˡҪ˼ҷ֣Ҳøɰɣô绰ͽˣֱǲεı֣ų
Ҳǰ۸һεķǲصʲôԵĻ˵˶ֲûа취룬˵ˣָ߲ǣ
־˳ҲһƵ˵Ȼ۾Ȼָĵ绰򣬾ôʵ  ѲһĲָ紦ô  ׿˵ûг䶨֮ǰҲûбҪ޶˵Ĳ²ˡѰ˼ۿҲ֮ɣһȥܹصȻáҪСĻ
ҪǸԺҾûֵˣ־˳ȱ̬
۸ĻҲûֵܣַҲǳ
Ͽ˿־˳ַĻԺ˻ǲҪˣƷõˣҲ
΢΢һ̾۵ôˣ  ĳ飬ҲӦ˵һǰɣô׵ĸ˼˵һֲ֣εҲ̫һЩ
׶ҲǷǳĲϲҪ˵Ļ۵ĽҲ͵Ϊֹˣ
һѧڵֵܣ׾۲ˣ
һֵģҲһϲŪŮˣĻ֮ˣ  ֻ֪֪治֪ģǿףҲǺѿ˵˼ΪƱġ
ǰһ̵ʵˣһ̾ͻһ֮ˣô˵أ
￴˵ҡֻҪҪһ𰸣ϲˣҲҪ֪Ϊʲô
㲻õģһҹȥҲġһʲôԲĻҴĹȣ
ҲǷȻ˵֪ܹϢ  Ͽ׵Ͻȥɣп۳ʲô飬˵ʲôѵĿԣĻܰͰɡ
ҪǰϻĲô˵֪׵֮а취ģ
׺ȥӣҲһ̾Ϣ




790Ըҵ
 

Hʡ
HʡΪ׻һݣط֣ḻԴʡ  ֻΪԭﲢرķչ  HʡAУ  AΪȫĳ֮һıǶһģÿкܶ˶
ȻˣΪҵ֮һAлǷǳţġ
ܲAнΪHʡİ֮֯һHʡͷΪ
ܲõĶ㣡  ˶ߣȥɫΪ£ΪĴˣİٽܴ˿ɫڻ룡  һԵЩ˼ǴҴ  ۣ㵽׻ϲүүٽܵǳĵͳóŭֵѾﵽһ壡
ٽΪİĿǰž޴ѹ  һְնĴѹԽԽˣְﲻ֪ʲôطһ֣Ҳмܣ  ٽܵѹ֪ˣҪ֪AǵĴӪѾǱ˴˴Ӫֱǳ谡  ʲô취أʣµҲǱǿˣ
ʵٽܵУһֱһܣ֪Ĳ࣡
ŵļˣʵ֮⣬϶֪ģ
үүȢְŮҾԲܴӦģ
۴˿鼫Ϊĸӣ糿˵绰ʵҲΪ˸ʱԵжϵ
ΪԼүүҪȥ֪Լүү磡  һɵĴУ·Ȼָƣ
ûְ飬ĻҲκεĿһжˣ
һǰ۽ӵԼүүĵ绰ضһˣ  Ϊʲô飬ҲûͻȥˣΪԼүүʮϾҪˣ
ԭһȥ˳һԼүү
ΪԼүүʮٻкЩ죬ȻȥһˣȻȿڴһ  һбǼƻõģɵ֮ŷָͲô£
ְĴһ겻񣡣
ְ˼ףǾóHʡĵ̣۳ΪְŮ  ܴ裡
ܴ裬˵һŮɱɱܣ  ԭҪ绰׵ģΪʶ˺ܶ࣬ǳĶ࣡  ָܵʵҲ൱ţ棬ָĴڣΣܹġ
û뵽龹Ȼᷢչһֻò
ϸ绰Լүү˲֮ͨ˵ģ  Լүү˵ˣŮһϵĻʱŮ¾ͺʬͷˡ
Ϊˣ۲Ųѡ
Ŀ˶ˣİŮˣȻԼ˵˺
ΪһܺܣȻǲܵ飡  ߣӦ֪㲻ӦĻӴ˾ҪͼĨȥˣٽܿʵҲʹ쳣
Ϊһۣ˭ԸԼȥأ
Ů
ѲٽܾͲΪŮһܴ𣿿ûа취ûκεİ취
ְһĵҪΨһܹٽܹӲдȥģ¾ˣ  ۣԼӣվҪܴһ裡  ҪȻǾ͸ְƴ˰ɣʵ̫ˣվٽܵԱߵĸٷ棬ҲٽܵĶܣ  ƴʲôȥƴܹĻҵͲˣٽ΢΢ҡͷ
үүְôǿҲǧֵ Ǹʲô۳ʵ
СۣЩ㻹ǲҪ֪ĺãٷ濴ѵӣҲΪ۵˵
ΪһˣһɵˣҪֱһּ尾
үүֲ֪ΪʲôҪȢǸŮҿܴӦ˵ˣҲʶҲǳĶ࣬ΪʲôͲܹƴһƴҸǣҴ绰ָ磬׼ܹ
۴˿Ҳĵı֤ţʵҲ֪˾ܹ
ϣܱûϣĺðɣָôţ˵л᲻ǣ  СۣЩ鲻ģⲢͨ˾ܹģһֱûи㣬ҲϣܹһЩ
ٷʵҲҪۣϧûȨ  ٽܲڵĻκ˶ûȨȥ飡
Ϊٽܲҵһ֮κ˶˵ģ  ˣҲѾˣЩүүҲӦøˡ
ٽܺȻ̾һһʱ䣬·Ҳǲʮһ㣡




791û취
 

ö㣬˿һƬƻͨ  ǿ˹ŻԵĴһ˵Ƚͬ飡  ɺܶ˲֪Ҳֻи߲һЩ˲ܹ֪
СۣҵְҵΪʲôһֱ˵ĵж֪𣿡ٽܳ
Ϊ̵𣿡۳
̣̱Ҳ޿ɺǣնɱ𣿸οֻͨͨĴɱɱǧӣһ᲻Ÿɣô䣿
ٽܵüͷһƶ÷ǳǿ  һԵٷ濴ٽҪгҲǳСۣЩɲô򵥵ġʵҺڰǰѾǽӣҶͨļ壡
үүҾˣʲôͨ岻ͨ壿Ѳɻʲôļ岻ɣǻϵģǸɱɱжԡѪףôȥ˵ŮأҾҲԲܴӦģ
۵ѪһҲǷӵ쾡£Բģ  Ҿ֪СӵƢңһĲͨļ壬ɼ壡
ٽ֪˲࣬ʵҲ㲻ʲôɼˣ
һ򲽽Ǹ壬ǿҲ΢һ壡  ٽܣڵʵ
˵˴ʮʱ䣬ҲǿŶѣ  һԵٷڵĳڣżߣ
ʣµһҵĸ߲㣬ֻܹ쾳ǻţż㲻ϣ  Ҳܹ֮Ϊ壬ֻﵽε˽ˣ
ʵǿ֮Ҳڵʵ  ˵䲻һЩ壬ɳһˣǻ϶ɱĸо  ֮ǰʵ΢ĸߕF껵ˣµν壬ҲǺߣ
ٽʹ˼ʹ֮ڴνˣΪо˷ʱûʲôϣ  ȻĲΣܹԼʮ£ôأ
ʱڣٽܹǻʱ䣬Ҳͼʮˡ
ʱʱ䣬ԼĺһЩأҲʡ鷳
۴˿̵ĿһƬĴͣɼ壿էһ͸о൱ţ氡
ɼ壿  ԼԭҲǿȥΪ˵ģ
ʿˮٽܵүү㡭ղ˵ʲôɼ壿˼ɵ֣
Ǻǣ㻹㱿ɣʵϾ׷Ѱѣźܶߣֻ׽Ѽˣ
ٽ΢΢һЦʵ֪Ȼ࣬Ҳ֪һЩģ
ϾҲǰ˰ɣֻѾû˹Ҳûʸ֪Щˡ
ɣ۵гʺţٽܳʵȻǼôţΪʲôҪҵأ
û䣡쾵֮ҾѾʼûˣ֮ܵ˸·ߵ׷ɱԭŵһֵ֧һᣡô꣬һԴĴ
ٽƵ˵һΪʲôôţΪǵʵ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôͻƵ񾳣˼ͻˣѹ֣
ܱѾǺ飡  νĵ̲̣ҵġ
ԼȥŮ޸ǸνĸŮĲܹˣ  ҪΪ˱ȫңٽܾҪһƴˣ
ʲôƴʲôûˡ
ôǣʲô쾵ˣүү治֪ǿЦأǶأһ±ƵĿԼүүʵǲԸʵ  һԵٷһʱҲģʵСʱҸүүΪ۹ڿһŵĻҲڱҸ۸ˡ
ȥ𣿡бȻˣǿԵİɣ
Ѿ˵ˣ㵨ɱǰүүڣе˶ҪᣡԶڹĸĸ
ٷҲںƭۣʵˣ  ҪҲûа취
ƣ  ʵǱĺܣ
ʱһ𣡣  ٽܵ΢΢һʲô£
һһŮ˳
һһŮʲôģ
ٽܴ˿ҲûУǰĻͿǹְˡ




792
 

һһŮ磬᲻ְˣ
ٷ濴ٽܣҲһĵ֮ɫΪǶûȰ˵ۣ
Ƕ֪۵Ƿǳĸҵģ˼ˣʵҲû̫ô  ֻҪԼ飬Ǿûκεİ취
ǽٽܳ
֮˺ȻӦǣȻһйƽ
Сۣһ֮ǧҪ嶯ٷһȰο
ۿٷүүѾϲˣǾԲܴӦ˵ģ
˵СǲǷҪȫٽܳɽڲûգô򵥵ĵ㶼ѧϵùˣ
үүҾͷɶѪƾԲ䣡ϣҲ֮˹ӲдĻŵġ
۵Ǹҵģ˭Ҳû뵽ӾȻ˵ĸң  ٽ̾һٷ棬ͲҪȰСˣʵڲеĻͰ߰ɣ
ߣȥ磬ǵֲǲ֪СʵǵĿ꣬Ŀпܾ㰡
ٷԼĴٽܷˣȴһٶսĵߣ  ҲǳһΪжд̣Ƿˣʱ»Ĳɱǵģǻأ
ٷ濴˿ֿۣ˿ٽܣҲ̾һ磬Ȼ֪㲻ԸС˵Ҳ޵
֪ܲ˵ûе𣿿Ҳ֪ôĵ֣ܲܰȥưɣ˲ʲôǶǸһµ˰
ٽܻ콭ô꣬һ̰֮ˣ
Ȼһλӵߣһ֮ˣԼЩֵܰװԲϣ飡
ˣ˵ˣ
𣬶˿̵ٽܵҲǶɫĿŻĿˡ
ܲ¥ſˣ
״ܲ˵ʵȻ֮ǰ˵ǼǸʲôġ
ߵʱһǵĿǰһУ  ʵ̫˰Щīɫӣһֻϵģйģ֣
׺ķɻAУһAУǱֱܲ  ˵طûз£ҪۻǷǳ׵ģ
СھȻҲܲ⵹û뵽飡
ֻǵʱȴ¥ϾȻɵ
ƺ˶ܲʵʩżأҲ˹ˣ
һһûУԭΪСӾʲôͨİɵء
û뵽澹Ȼǣ飬⵽Լܹߵ飬ҲЩˣ  ôȻѾˣǾҪнİ취ǣ
ΪһﵽҪʲô  СʲôĹεĻôҲģ  ׺߽ʱΪ֮һ
ٽܿ׺ĵҲЦһ֪λˣкιɣ
׿˿һѾĿɿڴۣҲ΢΢һЦⲻĴ֮ɣ
ߣ´Ҫȥδٽܿʵ
۵ġֱ˵˵۵үүģܲˡ
С۵ģǡٽһԼӵģҲǳʵ
˿̵۾ɵһĿףû뵽ʱ׾ȻԼˣ  ж
ǾԵֵܹܲó鰡۴֮ҲѾһĸж
жǣ׾ȻˣǼѣ
ڰСʱ֮ǰۻϣ׹ڲһˣ  Ϊ˵ʲôɼ岻ɼ֮Ѿ֪ķˣ  ָҲ֪֮°ɣ
Ҫ׸ˮ˿ȻҪ׽һ£֪ôͣ  ѲףԼԭʲôɼ壿ڱ˸۸ˣ
ⲻ˵񾭲¶ˣ  ׿ٽܣֿ˿۵ۣСӻﰡϼҾͲˣҲˣܲԼŮ˶ϰɣҪĻҿǵѾͷˣ
׵Ļ֮һ£ɵһοʱгʹζ




793±װӢ
 

ۣ˿Ѿվ
˻оһĲĵۿһʪˣ  ԼİŮˣվԼĸǰ  ˮѾ˵һУĿԣͬʱˮ
һ龰ƶԼжϣ
۾ûбģ෴ģӦʲôŻӣĻȻܣ  ǵʲô飬۱أ  ׵һ֣ʲô飬ȻˣһҲӦǳ䶨ˣ
СۣλǣٽֻܿԼܲҲİ̾һ  ˾Բʲô֮ĻȻһã
Ҫ֪ܲڵأ˽֪飡  ΪHʡİɣǰĴڣȻ׹  үүǡҴѧͬѧܲߣ
ԥһᣬڻǿڿٽܵ
¸ָ磬Ϊ֪ǸҲûκεá
ʱָٰˮԼĿ¾͹ȥˣ  ѧͬѧֻǧܵΪ˿㣿Ҳǲˣǽʲô֣
ٽܵɫͣ׺Ҳ΢΢һЦʵ
ҽףλ׿ٽ΢΢һЦ

ٽܵɫһ䣬Ů˵Ȼ˵ȻûмŮˣ  Сζŵ֣ܹ֪
ǰλŮȻԼӻǣƵŮүүҲһ̾Ϣ  һ׽˵֮˾ֵĿԼүүүүŹǰɣûйϵ
ߣûйϵҪΪŮˣҲ᲻ӦҵҪ󣡣ٽ
ҴӦҴӦȫӦǣǡһǽŭ
Ȼг˲ʣȴӦ
Լ˵ģүүûб㡭ٽۣܿ¶һ˿Ц⣡  ʵͦϲԼӵģ֣е
ҲΪԼİŮȥһУֻܹ̾ϢŮԼûԵˣ  ۣô£㵹˵
һۣ˶ЩƲסļڿƺвȣ֪׷ʲô飡  Ҳװɣ
Ҫ֪ʲôԭܹԼԼ˵
˵ʵΪ׵Ļ֪Ӧôˣ
ô̵ʱڿۣƺҲ΢İһЩ
֮䲻ʣۿĶ˲֪ôˣûа취  Щ鲢ܹıģ  Ȼܹı䣬ôֻȥӦ֪ԼҪľӦԼĽɫ
ΪʲôʣҪǲô˵ǲүүͬ⣿ڶˣΪʲôΪʲô⵽Ϊʲô
˶һĸоʵܲˣ  ǵļ˶ĬԼһ飬ȴͻȻԼ
Լĸ֪Ļ¶ܹ  ˵ˣﶼ֪м䵽׷ʲô飿ʲô鲻ܹͬܵأ  ﲻνĲʵĹ϶ʲô飡
һԵ˼䣬ҲǷһЩԾĵطѲүӲͬ⣿
ҲûеҪ˵ⶫֲȱǮֲȱģ  οүӻһߣѲүҪ棿  Ȼ׽ŮӲʺۣĻǶ˵ҲǺð죡
ڵҪ֢ᵽǳʲôط  ûΪʲôǲʣҳ֮ǰϲģҷҲôϲˡ
νἺΪ˵İ飬ǰоôɣ  һ˵ͱ׸ˣ
׿۵СӱʲôӢۣʲôԣҲǸǰҴšΪܹжﻹôΰҪǸˣͰ˵ýľͽҲи߸ӵĶţҲֲС߳ܡ
ָ硭۱˵޵ݣ
׿ָ磬ҪָĻͰǣֵܴӴһϣ
ָ磬⡭Ĳ˵Ȼָô˵ˣҲʵʵ˵ɣǰδеΣҪⳡΣֻȢְϴĸŮֻܶԲˡ
һεҲʹˣղ׵һǾ  ʱʲôӢֻۣܹɸ˺鵽һأ




794Ů
 

ˣԼҵ飬û̫Ĺϵ˰ɣ
˵ٷ棬׾ȻҪǰ֮Ҳ¶һ˿˿Ĳм֮ɫ  ȷɵɲһֵܹģ
˵ˣֻͨİҪʶ˻ǿԽġ
棬ѾǼ򵥵İôļˣ  ǣһΪ֪Ĳ棬Ǿս  ٷ˿ˣ˵Ҫŵ˫ȶӷˣ
׿ٷ΢΢һЦô֪Ҳֲأֵܣҵ飡Ҳ֪ҲˣҪֵܵͷʺĲԼⲻȥˣ
СӣǼСһֵ壬ҲΪ㣡ֻĲֲˣŵĻۡ
ٽҲԼղŰ˵һ飬ҪȻĻСͷһȻпʲôľٶ
ڸŮһʵٽܿҲһֽѣ  ĵȵĻµʱ׺ǰﶼҪùģ  ĺ֮ˣҪ赲Ļ˵³Ѿǿģ  ׿ٽܵүӣ㲻ΪңҿҪΪΪˣϵãñСӸ˦ˣôҲ˵˵ɣ
ߣСǲǻˣҴ粻ƽѾһ棬СӻôôߣΪǲҶ㣿
ٷ濴Цһ˱һĺ⣡
Ⱥ׿ֱٷЦһңҲǻͷˣ
үүүүǧҪָ磡һԼĶүүҪָ磬Ҳһ  ҪǰĻۻҪԼүүͶүүָҲʵˣ
ˣԼүүͶүүʲô֮ˣȻ֪֮Ǹģ
ѾǺţˣ˺ܱ  ָţɴܣСꣿ
Ҫʶ಻ʶˡٷЦһһεıϬ  һԵ￴ҪַҲЩⲻȥ˵ָ磬ֻǹףۣ㻹𣿡
ҡһĻһˣ  ۣҾǸˣֻĺѻش㻹ǰҵģҾ֪вѵĿԣȻҲ֪ʲôԣܹӵģſ϶ǲСġ
ʱѾǲˮƺһ侲
侲˸оһ˿˿Ŀ£
һ˿Լүүֿ˿үүȻҰ㣡һҲֻᰮһˣЩ鲻ܿƵģ֪һҵĴûá
ۣ㲻Ҫô˵ֻҪ仰ˣȻҲһգȢ˱ˣһΪ㱣һ氮ֻϣܹǵңһΪޣ
дһ˿֮⣬ֹҺ;׶Ϊ֮ݣ
ʲôɱɵôãһҵҸõģ
һҪɵ£˶һֱıԵ
ԭԺͺˣȴΪǲò˵һֱˣ  ٽҲû뵽ŮӾȻ˵ĸңΪԼӣ˼ҾȻҪȥ  ŮִἸǿˣ
ٽܵɫҲǻҶԲ㣡ұôģûа취ǧֵܺ۸˵裬ֻܹѡֵˣǶСҲܹĿ»ӡ
ǰҴҲûа취һε鲢һ飬ǣ֮ѾһͿأԷҪСŮǣȴͣսΨһˡ
ٷ˿ҲŮҲǷǳ  ۵ˢһж᲻ᵯֻδĴ
ȴǱ˴ʹ㣬ֹסţ˵  ٽܺٷĻһƺΪʲôۻԼ˵Ļ  ԭǺ۵Լ
ٽܼ۸˹ϵҲҵ⣡ʵԭΪ֮ѣ˵ʵͷʵ̫ˣǹղŵһҸоЩ޵ݡ
ϣǧô˵ԹСںʹ壬һҲ֪һܹôֵֵܵˣ
ٽ΢΢һ̾üСһйһԣСھҲֵˣ
ҶԲ㣡ʱܵĸǰһѱסһֺѵĸо
Լһ֣ԼİŮ˾ʹԼˡ
ֳҲ΢΢һ̾ԼҲ̫ûдڸ˰ɣ




795̲סٷ
 

˵Ⲩ˰
һ˵ʱð仰۲һ㶼ûЦ
ʲôʱܴ̼զΰ  ⶼʱָ羹Ȼ˵ŷ
Сӣѵѵ治֪ߵغ񰡣ٷһô˵Ҳһ  ųģ˵ҲĴˣ
˵䣬˭ܹȥأ
׿ٷЦŵЦǾͲˣҲΪ˿СӸġղһȷǸжңôҼȻֽǾû˸۸
ţҲݸ壿֪жôն֪ϻж㲻֪飿
ٷЩСӣȥһ˳ᢣʲô鶼ƿ֮еӣ
СӸǲ֪ߵغ񰡣
Ҫ֪źܶ಻Ϊ֪ĴڣΪǡĻԼ֪Щ  ֪ˣֻ֪ʲôôأ
ʵֵΣ
ֻС룬Ҫ֣ٽһֱҲǲ׵Ķ֣
Ͼ۵ֵܣȥ˼Ҳǹ۵ģ
ȻҲ֪жҲ֪Ķ֪һ٣Цһ
һ׸ԼĶүүǺˣϽָ磬ҶүүǾͲҪˣһҵȷһЩֵ飬ܹĻָܲ𣿡
ָһֱ˵ܴǸٷ濴۳ʵ
ǡ֧֧˵϶ǶүүĶָ֣磬ʹ߰ɣԺһһллܹⱲӶǵָĶġ
òҵֵˣ׿Цʵ
Ⱳֻһ磬ǾָҲǸж˵˵ʵǰ׵ֵܵģ  ЦŵֵǾͲҪôˣ鲻ôҶġҲˣԭʲôڻʲôҵҪ˭ôĵӣҷֵֽֿܺ
ˣȻҺϲ㣬˵ʵ̫֪ߵغˣٷ桭ٽܿٷ
硭ٷҲǰ¶һ˿Ц
ٽ̾һȻСӲţţ
үү
ЩˣԼүүҪȥˣ  ٽ΢΢һЦİɣ˲ԵͷԺԶ֪ʲô

һЩˣײߣԼĶүүҪˣǺأ  һԵ￴ΣҲǼæָ磬Ķһúõıġ߰ɣĻشѾˣ
˵˵Ǽ˵˵ˣǸôôѲǵĶ䶼ǳλ𣿡
ɫ͵Ŀ˿Ҳǰ뿪Ц˵
ʱ鿪ЦˣǾʳġ
Ҫ֪ұǰɳ˸ɷһģ鵽زﶼ֪ӦôȰοǰˣ
ҲǸоǳĶԲף֪Ӧôźã
Сӣ㻹ĵҪҵˣǿɾĹֲˡ
ٷһ̤ƺ΢΢һ£
ƣһ˶оЩܲˣ
׵ĸǰƺоЩСˣٷ΢΢ҡͷ˱ȽϵϰףôˣһҪ˵ˡ
ƾ㣿
ٷֱż⣬ѾŲ˰֮У  һֱ˸ǰףһѾǴһЩĿľҪһǰˣ  ٽҲ΢΢һЦ֮˺ͷ֮ŲԽĺ蹵ģ  һŲɣ  СӻһЩôأԸͨһ߰˸ⶼûκε⡣
ҪߵĻֵĻᶼˣ  ָ磬Сġ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죡
ٷĽѾǾҪߵ׵ϣƺһ¶оһ㣡  ôվٷǵϷһ۵Ķүүţ  һĹ˵䲻ģ׾ǷŸƨ¶ܹף
䣡
һţֱӴ׵ǰ  ԭٽΪСӿ϶ǷɳȥԶȻԼĶѾ  Ͼߵһͨôܳܵأ  һĻȴڳ˶۾




796үӵ̬ȱ
 

õĶ㣡
ٷڳ֮ƣֻٽܵ˵УҲ㲻ʲô
һѧڽһСѧ
СѧΪ͵һΪԼţ棬ڴѧǸң
Ȼٷҵһûпеֱӷɳȥ
ǡǡ෴  ٷƺصһһ㣬֮Լȴŷɳȥ߰Զ
أ
ٷصײǽϣһԵҲɢһأȥޱȵң  ׿ٷ΢΢һЦҶ˵ˣô;ͲҪô󣡣ڼǸãվ˵£
ٷг˾֮ɫΪǰ˵ܲκε
ղĹȴĸݻˣ  ֻܹ˵һ㣬ǰͬҲߣһǱԼǿһߣ
㡭㵽˭
ٷţǻһ˿˿ѪղŵһƺЩ˲ᣡ  Ҫ׳ԵͷͬȴҲ˵ͷ
Ȼ˵֪߲֣ɿԼֵܺ˵ĥҲҪϼһһѵ
һԵٽҲһֵ߸۵ĸоʵǲǰ֮˾Ȼ˵  Щ±ˣ  ɶأղеֽһ˲˸ˣ  ٷʵٽԼΪ֪ٷ汻һȥҲͬЧ  ѲԼӾȻʶһλߣҿȥʵǺ֣ܲ  Ļǿһøˣ  ʵҲ֪ģͻĲΣΪڵ˶ѣ  һڵˣ˼Ѿǲܱˣ
˼һ˾ܹˣҲΪʲô֮ǰٽһֱоһԭ  ֻڣƺڷԵת  ⡭λ֡ٽһӶ֪Ӧôˣ׿ٽܳͽ׾ˣ
⡭ǧʹðǰٽ̬ܵۺﶼоһĿɿڴ
ۣ֪еһЩԭίİ  Ϊ֪ĻҲֱܻ뿪ˣҪǵ׵ǾԵǿ  Ϊ֪ĻҲӵģ
ڣԼʲôѾ̤еĶүүȥ񲢲ôţ  û뵽ָ羹ȻӮˣȻ۶оЩѧ
һ̾ȻҲʼԼүүν֮ˣǲĺ
ָ磬㡭㾹ȻҶүүǡЩ𾪵Ŀʵ
׿۵˵СӲһզΣ˵ǰôԺô˼ײ
ҡʿˮҪĻǾ̫˰
Ͳܹ˵Լүүĸνְ浶ǹĸһҲֵõģ  ԸҲԸܵ˵ĥǣ
׿ЦЦˣҹܶˣɣȥš
ָ磬ҡǻߵɡ
Ҳ³£ϾкܶˣҸղָŴ˼ˣӦʱȥɣ
ۣСӴϤϤԺ˼ҿҪ޹ģ׿Цŵ
ָ磬лл㣡һľǻһ㣬ƺָĵע̫̫ϣ
ϣҲѾһʵԼүүû߳ȥ  ʱԼүүԼȳȥĻô;Ϸˣ
ٽܿ˿ۣ̾һССˣȳȥɣղүү˵鲻ԺүүҲȥ㲻ϲ飬ᡭ
ллүүллүүۺﲻסĸٽܵͷһԿԧһεܹһܲ  ǲлˣҪллλָɣĻҲô
ٽҲ΢΢̾һ˵ʵײ۴ϣ  ͬԼϣ
һλֵĻôúְ  ʱɹʲôǿ϶ʮٱĳҪ飡  ֻ֮ǰһֱûлᣬڿ׾ôԼĵܵܣһȼϣ
ۺ߳˷䣬ٷ棬ȻĶ׿ţ




797´ҵĶ
 

ǰҲ֮ˣ
ٽܿ۵ȥ˶Щ  ЩСʵµǰλǰ  ׿ٽ΢΢һЦ˵أ
ֲãٷ棬ϽǰǸղųײǰǡٽһ׳֮Ҳǳ׵ķ  ˵ʵٽҲû뵽Ѱһַ¡
û·ûǧ꣬Ѿʧȥ磡  ֪ĺܶ飬µģҪܹҵʲôɽĻأ
ںȻ俴˺ͬһߣʵԶǣٽֵܶôܹأ
ǰ³çǰԭ£ٷ濴ȥҲһˡ
ղţģ׼ѵһף  һ̣ѾΪǰˣֻѾ֪
ڰ֣Ȼٽܵ⵽ô£
ġ
ٽܺܿͽ˵һ飬ְԨԴҪ黹Ǻܶģ
ְƺҵʲôɽǾѾ£
ҪͻȻֵĻǶḲˣ  ְʵҲǺܸ΢΢һЦ
ʵڵȷǺܸߣҵУѾ޵еĴ˰ٽܳƵ˵
һԵٷЦŵǰһ仰֪ʲʣ
ʰɡЦŵȻҵֵܣҵȻҲԹۣ
ʵÿ춼ڴɱɱжȹҪǰæĻ׿°Ҳﲻ
ЩȻˣҲӲģ  һεǹϵԼֵ۵Ȼֵ׵ġ
Ҫ֪ǰʵǷѾﵽľ磿ıпɽ
ٷĵҲǺģ˵ͷʵҪģ
ЦŵǵʵҲ˱ŤǺżṳ̂ɣ
ǰ֪ٵĿټ⹦Ҳֻеģϼѣ
ٽҲ΢΢̾һԼҲ쳣  ׵Уóöҩվ˸ǰ
ÿһ˶£ܿİ֮£˵ʵо
ʵҲǷǳ飬ʵ˸ǷǳοǵʵһֱͣͲǰԭ򲢷ʲôġ
ΪûһȷĹһ˿ʼǣȻټϵҩϣǾ°빦ˣ  飬Ȼֵ  СʱĹ˵ʵǲֱܣ
ٽܺٷȺﵽĲΣٽܣһֱ嵽ĺڲͣٷҲֱӳ嵽ڣ  ҲǽĲΣ˵׵ĵʡȥǼʮĿޣ  ⻹㣬û׵ĻԺҪһεľǲܵˣ  ˿̵ٽֵܶˣжǱŷһľ⣡
ʵǿˣȻҲˣ  ǰĴ£ĳûԺҵĶˣʱǲ
ٽ⻰ǲǴţ˵ģôģ
ֻῴ˵һʵָͷҾͻҷˣ
Ϊ۵ĻҲ˵ļ  װڰֵĻҲͲ˵ˣҪΪ۸ֵܵĻҲܳڲǲǣһûеǸϡֻҪ˺Լˡ
ǣǰ
ٽܵҲЩΣŵԼ˼ǰĲȷǷǳĴ󰡣
׿ٽܵһЩҩһԺˣĲұ֤ٿһεĽ磬Ժ컯ɾͿԼˣ
ҵȷǵ̫ˣҲûôйһֱָһɣ
ѾˣԺ컯ǾҪǲܳһЩ˲ˣ
ۺѾǴˣЩôɣ
۲֪ĻȻҲô
ֻ֪ˣȻҲԼֵܲܰɣ
ܶҪ׳ֵܿ¶ûԣӾܹõ
һԵֵˣҲԶΪ
лǰ֮ٽһεĳľϹ
ҲûֹһܵģҪΪ۵Ļῴһۣ
ǰ֪ʲôʱߣ
һԵٷ濴ʵȻǴ˿ʵ˵ʵǵлûʲô  ôˣ׿ٷʵ 
ٷ磬Aҵȣ˼Ҫ˵棬ΪС۸ĸŮס




798
 

ã  ׵߳ʱѾǵڶ峿
ۺһԳﻹһ˿˿˯⣿  ʵۺﶼһЩǣǲ֪׺ٽܵ浽̸ʲô  ʵҪΪæΪЩһʵĻͳˣ  ڳ֮ǰٽܺٷҲǺ״һʶǾǳ׽ײŻߣ  ǷˣһλǰĻԺͺöˣ  ֻҪְвԺHʡʱνǺˣ
Ҫְ֪ʱǵĵȻҲ᲻ϵټٽܺٷʵǿҲָտɴ  磬ְĴҪˣͬʱ˺ܶİɴ  ʵΪѾŵˣ  ʱһӣ߾סĻǵʱһ¾ⲻˡ
걾ְĵ̣ʱǿ϶ǻ峡ģ
Ƿٶ飬Ҳǿ԰ƽģ
ϵϽѾǶôһأǳ˷ɵķΧϵĹؾ׼  ָ磬ǳ˰
һ׳ˣҲǼ  һԵҲгϣһĿףȻϣָܹΪǴϢˣ  һԵ׿˿۵СϢң
ָһֻܲǡֻûﲻǲ̤ʵ
ҲЦЦⲻǱģҪһεԼүүȷϣ  ٽܿ˿۵СӣղүүѾ˵ѾͷͲòˡְǶɱˣֻҪﻹһڣͲְ
Ҳ¶һ˿ЦݣٽܵүүȻô۸ˣôأ
Ѿͷ鱨Ҳûκεôǻ콭ģҪıˣԺڱǰҲ̧ͷˣ
ٽ΢΢һ̾ʵһ˶Ƕģ
ֻһǸЩ棬ְҺһҲ壡
ƴѾ˶ٵˣƴľߵʵ
ƴϣҲЩ˳Բˣ  ðɡ
Ҳ֪Լ˵ĺЩ˵ô򵥵ĵô֪ܲأ
ҲЩͶҽĸоˣ  ׿˵׼׼ɣһСӲǻҪȥμʲôôҲôɣ
һЩΡΡ˵ָ磬Ҫȥ
СӾô㵨ղŲ˵µȥμӸⶼˣ׿Ҳǰ뿪Ц˵
ٽ΢΢һЦκ鶼Ҫи˶ϣȻְҪӣôôҲðӸһɣ
үү˼ǡ¶ϲ֮ɫ֪ԼүүһοҪְսˣ  ҪĻǾ̫ˣ
ֻҪְս۳ɰܣ޺ˣ
ٽܳͷСȥ֮һҪֳ̬һпҸɫ£ûеõ£СӸұסˣ֪𣿡
ҡ֪ˣЩԸģԼүүָɶΪԼã
˼ôԼԼܲӰɣ  һԵЦŵְȻҪ㵱ŮôҲðԼĽɫݺˡʵ˵ҲԵְ
ţЩĿ˿ף
׿˿ֿۣ˿֮ǰﱻ˸ǿж飬û뵽Ȼֵˣ֮ҲǽԵֵİ
ָ磬㡭ͲҪȡЦ˰ɣⶼ˵İ
ҲǱ׵Ļһ⻹ǲ˵ģŮ˱ƻ飬ԼԵӢۣ
Լ˱ŮȥôоЩþ  ҲǹһЦڶ˵ֻоĵȴˣ  óʵݸۺ΢΢һЦ͸ǵĽ֮ˣһεҿڶɣʡҹζ࡭
ָ磬⡭ô˼أһ׾ȻóЩ˵
СӣллٽԵĸо֮еҲһ
˼Ǵ񰡣
ʵ͵͵ҲһܹʱصǱ߱ۺ  ͸ǣֻҪԷʵرǿҲ˺Ƿֺġ
»ص˻ңǱ߳ţ
ǶڵȴţʱֵĵֻѾ




799²رͼ
 

꣡  ְһλǱ죡
HʡϵķʵķԴزHʡLʡ
ֱֻѹʽĽHʡ  HʡܲҲAΪһ꣡
꣬һųӻʻ룬ܶ˶˼⣿  ˵ķѾˣܹ֮ˣҲ൱װ
̩ĴҪô𣿡ŶˣҲзһ˿ǣ
ֽ̩ǰӹϼˣ  ʵԭǰӹˣֻΪ׻ƣı׻֮ˣ  һΰӹϼҵǵĿҪʡĵ
ʲôԭ򣬵ڻ֪  ̩ʵϾϼ峤̩  ̩ʵҲǲģϼӹ磬Ҳŵģ
һүү׻ƣΪľѰҸԴ̩
ԴЩƵĿ̩  ֮ǰ̩û̫Ľ̩ͻȻӰӹߣֻܹͬˣ
Ϊ̩Ļ¶ͻƲľ磬ҲɾͲĲΣ
ΪϼĻûа취ôأ
ңһֱжд̣һβϼ嵽Ҫ׻Ƹʲô  ѾĵҪϼˣҲͬͬ壡  ٺ٣ô˵ɣϼһŲرͼرͼǵʱõĶ
̩ʱ˵ʵ飬Ͼ׻Ƶߣ  Ƿǳķģ
ϼȻӵвرͼܹôأǷ׻ƵߣԺܶҲֻܹɵˣ  ͵ǵǷǳģܶǸûа취ȥ
һ̩ʵпܾͻᱻ˸ϣ  Ҳҿ̩һߵڻŵ
ô׻޴ڣҲҪСĵģ  رͼ׻ƵԴѷޱȣﻹʲôؿ԰һƵĿ̩ʼ
̩Ͳ֪ˣǽػߵʱ׿˵ر֮أпܾһ
ʲô
˾ҪһԵ̩۵Ļ쳹ˣ
һһ̩֣֮һǵĺǸոտʼİɣʵԲֹĲΡɵĺãʱһŷֲ㡭
һЩʵ
٣һӵеʯҲ֪жˡ
˵һٰʮʯûκεˡ
ͨϼ壬Ҳ֪׻ĺܶܣ  ѾܹһЩͲεŷڵأĶȻ˵жôĺãɶ˵൱ʵð  ҪԼӵʯĻԺͻ켣Ǳˡ
ֻҪʵԺ󻹲ǺԸܹҸˣ  Ȼϼǿ󣬿ǱϾڰӹѲıȥǱߣ  ǵǱߵĻԼûüֵҲǱż
Ҫõ˵أΨһ·ߣǾǵõһɣ
̩΢΢һЦһɣǵĹ㣬Ҳһʯ⻹ΪصĹƣ֣ϼĳ⣬ʵҲ֪汲ǰӹˣҲֻ˭أ
峤ǿˣҡ̩ʵ
ͬǾˣҪֳ̫Ķʱ׻˶ϣǾͺˣ
̩ˣҲֱת
һ׻ƣѰĿ꣬ʱֻҪʯϼܹӭһڷɣ  ʯ緶ΧڶͨõӲͨ׻Ƶġ
ԴѷİӹЩ꼸Ѱҵһ  ζԴ
˭ҲҪԴø˰ɣ
ȻӵرͼطûκεˣôȻŹˣ
ʲô̩Ҳǵʵ
һϼҲǳ˴ĸ֣ǱAУʱҪ׻ˣҲֹܹǵļƻ̩һ˿䣡
ʲôҪɱ֮ˣЩ𾪵Ŀ̩




800ıѾ
 

׻ƣΪ˺ܶĶ
ǰӣȻҲ׻ƲһţһĵҪ׻Ƶ߹ȥˡ
ٺ٣ǵõ˿ɿϢĿǰ׻Ƶң̩¶һ˿Цݣ
Цݿȥһϼѡʱ֣Ҳǿ׼׻Ͼ˼ɵǣ  󣬶˵ش
ʵ׻ƣһţҲһ
ζǿԴֻҪʯʱʲô򲻵أ  ͷʯӲͨʯԽ࣬㷢չĻԽ
еźͼ壬ɢ޶׵һ
黹ң
ЩˣԼôҲ׻Ƶߣ֪ң  û뵽˼ӹ߾Ȼ֪ˡ
ҲģϼڰӹǿһĴ壬ʵǳǿ  ҵһɽΪ׻ûһĵλԣ
̩ͷһҿ൱ھԭһ֪Ǿ˵źв룬ΪĺһЩʵţ
ֲأ˵׽龹Ȼиȥ᣿ⲻеû𣿡̩ĻҲЩȻ˵
̩һܹĽΧ͸AоˣҲ㡣Aܲ治Զһɽϣ
ʲôֲܲá
Щ𾪵Ŀ̩Ȼоһ˿ıζ
ΪʲôϼͻȻԼȻְԼʵ  ڿ˼ѾǷǳˣȻѾ֪Լ֮ìܣ  һԼʵˣʱһѡҪ˿϶ң
һˮɣ
ϼ忴ѾԤıѾãֻԼϹء
ԼϹˣڲڣڻűǰҪĶ˲
˵ˣлܹõʮ֮һпԼ׻ƵϷⷢȣ  ѵֵڴ𣿾ıϼˣڸоҲЩĸԸˡ
ңҪ𣡣
ʱٽܸĹԼѾˣҪڲĻԺл  Ҵϼ˵ǲôһǾܲó
̩˵һϼĿģ  óܹܲ˶Ŀ˵ְ֮⣡  ΪѾûĲܹûˣھһʱһ㣡  ԽԽǲ˵ע⣡  ھ͵ˣѰ˼ǲ᲻˰ɣ¶һ˿ЦǲĻǾǲҵӣʱǿɾ͹ֲˡ
ֻҪʵô˾ô㣬νֻΪ˿Ķѣ̩΢΢һЦ
Ҳһ˿ɫ  Ļ̫ˣϼôܷʮ֮һأ  Ҫ֪ʮ֮һҲǼΪӴһԴǶҲֻջѣ
ԲĳΪѵģ  ˵ˣϼг˴ļ֣ðյ˼ѾǲԶˡ
ȻҲϣܹ󷢲ƣǲò֮˵ĳ֣  һ֮˳֣ǻ̷һƬֱնɱ  һεԲʧ
̩ûиʵһϼżеĸֶѾ  ֻA֮˲ûвѣ
AǱ߾һͷǻǿһЩġ
ֻΪںģԺܶȥˣһҪȵ鳾زпܰ  ҵôˣ̩ʵ
BСһаãֻҲ֪Ϊʲôֻ̩ὫԼøŪ̩ЩƵʵ
B̩ãҲϼ֮һ  û뵽ϼ徹ȻB۶飬˸㲻  ֪ʲô˫ر𣿬BۼĻʱ˳۲ȫݽפĵ̡
̩Ļ׵ĻȻ黹СĽĺܰ  ĴָߣʵǸ߰
磬
̩Ǳ߽֮ʣһ˵ǵĶ𣡣
һˣ
ٽܽһŮ꣬˵Ŀⶼۼǵϣ  עְ֮佫һ˳ʷ̨




801B
 


¥ʩȫõһ  Ԥƿɼ֮󣡣
Ĵ֮ϣһԼĪƽ׵һ͵̨̨ĺǹһLEDʾ  ȥ̻Իͣľƣ  AмǮ˼ҽ飬϶ѡڣ  ꣬ѾʽӪҵ˿棬ʡеĴͰɵͷĿ  ΪʡΪҲǱĿ  ܶ˶ְ֪һǲͣ浽ʲôĹ£ҲΪ˹ע  Ҫ˶ĻôĵϿҲҪˣ
ⳡѾܶ궼ûм˰ְﵽ׸ʲô
ǰҲ֪浽ô£ôžͿʼأ
˵ǿ֣Ϊʡļ֮һ˼ҪɵʲôҲֻпŵķˣ
ȥЩŹ֣ǲýЩ𣿶ĸŮǶû˵
£һЩСɵͷĿһ̿Զ߹ٽܵˣ
Ҳְ֪Щ˸ԼѲҪʲô  ̩վ룬һߣҲĿԣ  ϴǳ˰һΪ㲻أ
һٽܣ֮ҲǶһЦݣ  ٽܿӹһ˿ЦܲأҲǲˣ
΢΢ü֮ǰΪٽܲ϶Ҳһ˪ӵı飡  û뵽һʱ򣬾ȻйԼŸɣ  ЦһߣٽܣҸøҶţȥŲţ
ٽܲδԣҪһﵽʲô۶ӳ
׿Աߵ̩һϢǳ֣׿Զ϶˿϶׻Ƶߣ  ʲôطߣĳٷ֮ʮӦǰӹģ
ӹеĴȥҲǷǳۣ
һжϣ׼Ͳ²ı϶ˣҴӦڰӹߣ
ֻ׸ӹȻЩӴӹ߻ǵһνӴ  쿴۶Ҫ˰  ֮˵ʵҪ߳٣˿ȥʮңʵȴҲѾﵽһ񾳵ڣ
B
һȣ󷽵߳һŮŮˡݾ£һֵ͵Ů  ɵ硭
BŮ̩ĸǰ¶һ˿ǳǳЦݣɰľѡ
үӣBҵıһλεεĴŮǼ׬ˣ΢΢һЦ
һԵBǷǳĹɣүӣҲǵͷүүá
ߡ
ȻŮΪĲٽܸ
ͷÿŮȥˣԼδϱòҲ˿ǰŮ  ٷ濴첻ǴǳԷӦиλɣ
үˣĳ˲һ뷹Ҳ̫Сĳˣ΢΢Цһ
ٽܲڿˣ˾ͳǸط˹ȥ
ⲻְųȥķ磬ʵͷβû˵ǹ׵ģ
ʵٽҲ֪϶ҪԼ²̨ҪԼԼŮȥְŮ
һѾ֮УȻǧȴû㵽ٽܾȻѾҵ˿ɽ  ٽܵˣܿͻҪʼ
ԷǼ٣  ΪٷôĺóԵĻǾʹشˣ  ˰ӹϼ֧֣ҲǷǳ㣡
ʱ򣬾ѾǸܵǿϢ  ʵ֮ǰʱҲѾܵǿϢܲ
ʲôˣȻЩ˿ʵǿ󣬿׵ǰֵһᣡ
̨֮ϣ  ˻Ͳ̩BҲѾȥ  ϷҪйڣ  ̩B֪ΪҪҵĳޣҲȵһϷˣ  ƣǶˣ븲𣡣
˿̨µˣͲ΢΢һЦλʡǰֵܣְλһǸλкҲΪҸŮBĻ¡




802ºų
 

ȻְֻΪʲôŮأ
ǰ֮ǰһЩźͷû˵˭֪Ǹʲôأ
쿴ֿˣղٽܽʱɫ̫ÿ
˵һκŵϴҲ˰ΪǿҲ֪쵽׻ʲô۶ӳء
µ˿̨٩٩̸˵ϲûκεϲɫ
HʡЩɣǼᣡ  󳬼ɵϣǲǰĿռ䶼ѹ  ʱֻܹɵɫˣҪ֪ǰɿʱǻܹڼзģ
һ㶼ĻԺǵǸӵѵģ
˵ʵٽHʡЩǾԲϣְܹһģ  ϣ˳ңԼҲãǳҲã
ֻҪܹƻһεǶкôģ
˿̣ٽֱߵһģ׻֮һţ  ţ˺ܶ꣬û֪Դ
ǺΪʲôܹһֱ׻ƵأȻźܶ۵ģ  ʡİɶܹǣһЩϵȻҲǲ⣡
ŸЩڶİɲͬǵıǣǸӵĺܣ  ˿̺ߣλǺŵĳϣ
鼰ȫ򣬳ְλѾǼߵְλ˺Ŵ֮⣬Ҫǳϵְλˣ  һܹһλǰ˵ŶԴµӳ̶ˣ
ϡ
λս𣬵һ֣
ںŵλǷǳߵģѾȴûдκεĶ  ˵˽ƣԱߵķ÷  ǺڶĴУۼݸĲ໹Ǻܴģ  翴˿Ƴߣְ￴θںܴ󰡣
ǵõĿɿϢһְ˰ӹϼ壡ƿŽ
˿˵Ŀⶼע̨ϵ˭пܽأ
ࣿЦһ
ϣǱһ̩Ӧþǰӹϼ峤λBʵ̩ãƵ
üͷһȷʵ
ǧȷǺ鼰ȫҲڰӹķֶ淢Ϣ
ΪĸˣϢȻǵһʱ䷢
ȷϢ֮Żϱŵܲ  ŵĵȼƶǷǳɭϣ˵ôһ׽ȽϵǿĻ
ô׵ľǺˣΪҲһŽţ
ʵϣ׽ĺž׽ĴЩ׽ŵĳϼϵģǻ϶פˣ
׻ƣ֮⣬ֻкŵΪǿˣ  Ҳ֪Ϊʲôŵ˻Ȥһֱһ֮˲ŷʵǳĲ򵥣  ںܶǰѾʼ׽͸ǵҪĿľΪھ˲ţ  ˼ѾγһŻǲҸŶԿ
Ȼλλʮ󳬼ŵУǵʵȴһ㶼
֪ŵжǿ  ԭŵһλӣΪ޾ͱפ׽˳ϣ
ҪĿľΪھ˲ţȻˣһѰЩ©ıʲôģ  Ǳ߲ϼ嵽Ҫʲô𣿣翴Ƴʵ
ûвһֵע⣡Ƴ
ʲô£翴ƳʵһƵķ÷ϣǵõϢϼһɳ˶λǱ׻ƣĿĲ
ʲô
ɫһ䣬ЩӻǸҪȻɳôĸֹ  ҪʲôѲҪ׻ƵŸɲɣң
΢΢ҡͷӦøְйϵ
ߣҵҪǽܹʲôϵֹܲһҪ졭
Ȼһ˲һĸָϵߣҲҪӵʱͿˣ  ƺ÷֮Ѿĸо˲Ծ  ûʲô޴ջϼ˾Բɳĸֳģ  ǱǲǴкƺ÷Ž
ڰֵŵԼ˵ˣ׻ƵϣǸϼ嶯֣Ҳǰ飬֮У
˿̨̣֮ϣ
BѾվָָٽܵ΢΢һЦְŮϳ




803Ůף
 

Ů  Ǵһ˵ȨʱŮ˿ɵľ  û뵽ӾȻҪְŮŮ  ֱǷ̵˼㰡  ŮЦˣ
⵽ô°ôҲHʡĵһɣļſھȻ
ǺϷְ̨ģ
ǿ쿴ٽܵѾǱ쳣˰
һĺЦ֮Ůֱǻİžžžģ  ˿̵Ǳ߳ɫȻ֮⣬ûʲô쳣
˿̵һֱۣȻڴ۲ûг֣һԵ׸վˣ  ԭٽ׼ȥȻڸְģ  ȴվ˳һԵٽܵҲһ£

ٽȻû뵽׾ȻʱվҲһͷˮĿף  ЦŵȥȥҲûʲôְֻ˵ҪүӵӶףҲѲɾøŮ
ҲȨ֮ƣҪıֵĻĿٽܵǰ
׽磬ֵܣһٽΪүүҲǿԵģ
ۿ׾ָ磬Ǹʲô
ҪȻȥ׿˿ֿۣ˿һԵЦŵ
˵Ŀⶼ׵ϣҪ˵ٽܵӣ˭ʶǶʶģ
ֻû뵽龹Ȼݱӣ
ǰ˵˭ڻû֪һԺŵҲЩ֣  վˣѹҲʶɫȻҲ൱ѿ
׻Ĵȥ΢΢һЦδŻͦ
Сӣ˭ѻͲˣгԹ֮ɫ
׿˿΢΢һЦĸӣ֣һ֣
ףСǲǻˣҸ ڸҹȥСҿԼ̡
˿Ƿǳ֪Сӵ˭ŭգ  ǾȻķϷԼ
ԭҪﶪ˵ģŪ˸Լˣǵòʧˡ
Ǻǣ˼ѾŮˣҷҲŮ˶࣡椳Ĳϲ͡
׵ЩĿŶBİԵΪߵBЩȴ
ʵBһιΪһѣΪϼŮˣʵϲûκεĵλ
Ϊ棬ʱ
ڰӹŮ˵ĵλǳĵ£ڰӵǸֵ쾡£
ٽܣ˼
ɫѾѿ˼㣬û뵽ʱȻ֦ڣ
̨£̩ҲһŭݣѾǸǵ뷨кܴĳˣ  ׿΢΢һЦ˼ҵ˼ҾǾŮ˲
ǲ
ƶȫ֮ǰǰĺͰˣ  Ϸˣ˸ϷˣΪҲԿʼⷢˡ
ҽǾǸӣߣŮΪǸʲôƾҲ֮Ů
ٽֱӴԱߵվƸʢ  㻹ǻ˰ԭְҪһû뵽㲻֪ϧᰡ
ٽ΢΢ҡͷ˼ֱǻĽ࣡  ׿˿΢΢һЦҵλ棬Ҫһ£ŮҪˣŮһȥ
С֣
бɱ⣬ҪһҪһ֮أ
̩Ҳ˿BҲҪ⣿
Ҿϲ⣬ܰôΣ׵Ŀʼմһ˿ŵЦݣ  λǰֵܣ˹ְӽְ￪սٽܣҷһ˽죬˾͵Ÿʬɣ
˳ŸӾȥˣԭҪһֻû뵽ﾹȻôй  ȻԼҵϷóƶֱ￪սκεĻᣡ
ΪһĿ꣬Ҫȡܲ  ֻжܲʱϼĿĲܹܺõɣ
Լ֪ʵԼĳԹֻϼһʩѣԼĲǵ·ĻʱԼ³ҲǺõʲôطȥ
̩ѾߣѾһһľˣ




804ĵҲ
 

꣡  ˿˶óǺģ
ҵĳͻѾãһһأ˭Ҳܹ˵ԼǶԵģ˭Ҳܹ˵ԼǴģ  㷽ҵǳ
һһسƽˣⲻҪЧ
Ҫ￪սҲǷǳбҪģ  ԺͿ˳İĵ̸ˣ̩˵Ҳǳ΢΢ͷ
ߡ
ٽˬĺܣԱҲ泩˼㣡  ֪뻢ѨȻְҪսĻôͻܲžˣ  оߣȻҲеʮ㣡
š
ٽܵ׼ȥʱ̨ȴֱӺͣˣ
˾һԿˣܶһ˿˷֮ɫ
˵ɿս˵һʲô£
ʵԭҲǴߵģɵBΪʱҲ׼Ů˿Ц  ٽԭѾ׼ˣɵ׺ͣʱҲվסˣ  Сӣã͸ҹһı⣬Ųţ
׿һЦһ˹ˣⶩģҿ԰ðŴ߰ɣѲְϲſڿӲɣ
㡭
޲ֱӿһ֪Ŀ֮£  ҪΪһߣһ޹ʵɱһͨ˵Ļʱ͵ñ˸ȥȲˣ
ɲϣĽְҪı˸ߵĻˣ  ̩׺ٺЦСӣ㲻ҪˣB
硭
BԼĸ磬вûκģеֻµӣ
̩¶һ˿ЦСӲҪȫԣֻҪܹսʤþˡ
ҴŮӴܵģӮҲʤ֮䰡΢΢һЦ˸磬е㲻̫صⲻǰ
¿֮ʲô˼׻ǲǶԣ̩Цһ
㲻׻˰׵ǳĴץסͿʼɢ
ɫһ䣬СӵҪʲô
ģûм˻˰ɱȻ
ֻҪһһ뿪һ֪֪Ϊʲô죡  ʲô˾Ȼ׻ˣ
ְﲻ˹ɣֲܹѹƵô
ǰҪĻԺҲΣ˰
ɲ˵أǲҪȻ˹
£ЩȺ鼤ܵĸоһ仰Ѿ˿ʼͬˣ  ƺ䵽ڣܣܲҪ˹  ˿̨̣½Ѿą̊́  һֱȴһղѾǸоԱߵ̩Bߣ  Щ֣һ㶼ˣ͸ĿĿ϶
ʱҪһеô£ǱҪһЩΪѡ

ɫȻߵǰ̨ɫҲ൱Ĳÿ
ϣôˡ
̵ǲ𣬲ǲȻҲ  ˲׻֮ˣ翴ʵ
ϣְ飬ͺƺûʲôϵɣ
Һűûʲôϵ㹴Ǿ͸ҺйˡڿôԸѱԺ󲻻ԸҺŰɣ
Цһⲻһдʶѣ
ϣôܣBϵһŮѣڰӹʱ򣬿˱ȽϵĿԲġ
۾˵ϹȻô˵ˣһʱ绹ǲò֣  ˵ҺҲӦҪ㷢ʲôԾĵطҺ֮浽
һ̬ȣһҪ̬ȣٽһϲ⣡
˷ϲ¾ˬ
лϡٽܳŽ繰ֵ
̩ڳŲǵķչ˿һˣһŮ˶°ɣ
翴׳СӣȰ㻹߰ɣ
׿ŽĵҲôõܲӦ𣿡




805޵ı
 

վƸо˲Ϣ䣡  ̩Ķͷ϶һ֣ǲ֪Ϊʲôݱӣ  ǵ·ȫĲϰ  ڸоԼ˱˵·֮У
Ψһ޵ľСʬΣBǹߣɱ׵Ļǿ»Ȼ󲨣
һԵĽֲɵӣǲѲɿ
ֻΪҲߣҺܶ鲻㵱˵ѣ  Bĵնɱ׵ĻʱžͻиĻȨˣ  ˵ѾǰȫһˣֻҪкŵİǵʱܶͺܺðˡ
Ӧһεսˣ
̩ôʵЩ˵ζ棬Ҫ֪׻Ƶĵؽ綯ֻ֣ܹսʽ
һ߸һͨ˶֣ʲôʽʵǲģ  ûڳҲġ
˵绹B׸ʲôģʱǺóģ  Ϊ֪֮ˣղŻףЩҲ˵̫׵ġ
׿˿̩ЩƵʵ˵īīϽŹҴһܣ׻˵úãǰ⻹ûйž飬ǲЩ̫˰ǹĻǺŰ
ߣҿʣ¸ˣɫҲ൱ѿһҵҪôЦó
B
̩һB˿Ѿվ󣡣
B̩磬Ѿ׼ˣ
ҪսҲҪʱճ̩
B˿΢΢ҡͷİɣֶϽŶѣȥģ
翴˿Bֿ˿̩Ȼ˵ĻϷаɣ
ʵҲǿҪһˣȻҲҪһһЩƳ
ֻҪˣʱŻзȨ  ̩Ȼ֪ûߣˣֻҪ׻Ƶ߶ǿվģ
̨˲̨
ٽܵ˿һԾԾԵӣҲһЦҡͷ  û뵽ôƤʱ򣬲Ҳûκεջڶ˵ֶһǿĿɽŲ  BһŮ緶ӳƵҲǲ  վBĸǰҲż֣
˵ţҿ᲻ô㡭׿B¶һ˿ĿҪȻɣи顭
ʲô飿BҲ֪ΪʲôԼѾ׵Ľˣ  ȻԼŵף֪ΪʲôǸоһĲ
ҲŮ˵ĵаɣܾûʲôҪһ
ҿ㻹ԼɣԺҲţҿɸ㰡ðСϷͷ㰡
¶һ˿ŵЦݣ°˱ǻӶ࣡  һֳҲǿͼ  ˵ʵǰٽܵĸӣЩģԶպĴУܹס棡  񿴵ŮȻһûûƤĿЦ  һǸԼһĵҲ  㡭ȥ
BһԼֱϷˣɫߺ죬ȥҲǱŭѣ
ȻʹǿǱȳҪǿ̫ˣ  һӰ
BĴѾǳ׵ǰ˹ȥٶһ˿ŶЩ棡
أ
ΪBߵ׵ʱȴѾץBĴȣȻĴԼıӱᣡ  Ŷ㰡
һӣȥǳǷ⣬ֻһѾ˸оһ𾪣
̩ɫһȻû뵽ΪߵBȻ˸Ϸˣ
ǻȴŰһﱩһأȻⱩһٵĳʼûг֣
BһϷˣⲻѧ  Ѳ⣿
̩۹һεĶųУ  ˿̣Bɫͨ죬ô˵棬һ˸Ϸˣգ
޳
BӶѪһεĳ׵ķ򹥻ȥһûѡȣһȭֱӳ׵˹ȥ
ֻһȭƫˣ  ȭͷҪ׵֮ʣ׵ͷ΢΢бһ£ȻĽBһ
һ£
BһֱܱӸ׸סˣĴ
һʱ俴ȥޱȣô˵ȷЩ̫ˡ




806
 


ѾһƬڣ  ԭ˶ΪĴһŮӦûġ
п֣пŵ
һЩмҸһBŵٶȣҲΪ֮𾪣  Ů˵ʵԲһ֮£ֻû뵽׵ļһﾹȻܹɵĽס
ȥڵϷǰλŮһ㣬񿴵˾ȻĴѾһƬ𣡣  B˻׻һ㣬һɵƺᴩ֮У
ĸоһռȫָоǰһֱй  ˵ζ  ˿̣Ժ֮һƬѾԼڸʲô  ˾ôĴԣʱշ·𶨸һ룡
ȥָһͰ
Ҳòˣָ羹Ȼܹµձ˵ޣҲû˭ˣ
һԵҲһЦû뵽ָ羹ȻôĻ
ʲôŮ˾Ӧúúõߣ
ҲһЦְߺְйϵκ˶ûкõĸо
һԵٽܺٷ濴ΣҲ¶һ˿Ц⣡  Bߣ֪ܲ  ֻ֪أǰλǿһλְ
Ȼٽֵܶ˲֪ǰʲôͷٴ˵ʵѾҪ̫̫߳ˡ
ְΪԼһɽڿɽƺôο
ǱӶ˵ӣо̹
ٷҲһԹЦȺȻҲû̫ע⵽
Ǳߣ  վ̨µŲУ˿һԵƺ÷ҲüŽ磡
ϣ⡭ˡƺ÷ЩͳĶŽʵǵƺɻ󣡣  ¶һ˿ǳЦǣϷǿˣû뵽˾ȻҲһλز¶߰
ߣ÷
ʵƺ÷ҲߣֻǵʵȽϵһ㣬ܹϺŷֶĶȻҲ൱ʵġ
ƺ÷ʵʵҲڶѣ
BʵӦ۷壬ܹϷˣλӹߣǵ֮
Ҳò̾һԭΪһȽϳ嶯ˣڿ˼ֻڵϷְͰӹ˶ѣ
ҪҲװû뵽ıȻҲŸƳ
΢΢ҡͷҵǲȤҸȤϼ׻ƵΪ£ѾϵǺŵĴУһڸӦѾˣ
ϣ⡭ⲻʲôɣҿҪ˴кƳ
кˣǺźһǾˮˮӦҲģ΢΢ҡͷ˿ĿĶųе׺B
Ҳȴʧ̬ĽһչܹԸķչĻӹӦûĸˮˣ  ̨ĺ󷽣
̩ɫѾѿ˼㣬ǵĿж͸һԹͲţ
ôܣЩ𾪵Ŀʵ  ̩ŭһߣǸֵļһӦҲһλصߣû뵽
̩Ƿŭģû뵽͵ʴף  ҪԼı˸°ߵĻʱϼܿ¾Ͳˣ  ǾԲеģ
ΪҲûκεİ취  峤Ӧô죿ϼ岻˺ܶĸ𣿡
Ȼ־һֵʱ»˼ˣĸ˵ĻǵʱùĿ»ǣ̩΢΢ҡͷ
ҪȻǰ·ɱ
ߣҪһӣû뵽Ĳʶ̧ٵĻǿɾͲҪ̩ĺˡ
̩͸һӵɱ⣬ǰĳķң  ʱڿ̨룡
BҪѣȴֱӱסBһǼֱǾ춯أ
û
ΪԵĿB˿̵BѾǽߵĵͷ
ǲҿ׵񣬿ôľǿ
ǰɡ
ֱһεĽԼͷȥǻȵ촽һεĴB촽֮ϣ  ӡ
BҪ˵ԼȴʲôҲ˵  һε̧ͷʵҪˣҵţǾ͵ͷҪȻ
ҡˣ
Bڵһ˵ѾǺ쵽˲Ӹһ߰  Լû뵽ᵱô˵棬˵Ķˣ




807¾̩
 

Bˣ  ʵBһνʱѾǿԿóˣ
Bǳ飬ֻ̩˸֪һﾹȻҲߣ  ʵBҪǿҪ֪BΪ۷ĸ֣ʵʵҲǿԵġ
Ҫ֪̩ԼʵҲĺڶѣ  Ϸ  ˶ΪԭӦǳְһߵľ棬Ϊ׺ͺŵĽ룬Щ˷  ȻְﶨµĹأԺҵˣھ͸߰ɣB̨  ˹飡
׵Ҳ¶һ˿˿Ц⣬BǰǱߵߣ  ˵ʵڰǱߵ߻ûôעΪѹҲԼע⡣
ǾһŮˣԺһЩġ
硭
Bʵߣǰӹߣڱһ׻Ƶ߸°˹ȥԺǷǳң
ȻϾͬһͬһ֮ˣ
ڰϣ̩ϣȻ̩˿Ҳǻӿ  BȻãӱκζҪҪ  ӹ˰ӣ׽绹綼ˣ
ǱΪԵȨŮˣʵȥҲǿп޵ˡ
ΪĻBҲܱɳִʵΪϼŮ˲ӵһԭ  һŮ˵ѲɲҪ
ߣҪҸ磬B̫ˣ̫ʧˣ̩BЦһ
Bɫһ̩磬ҿð
ߣӽԺͱҳˣҸ㣡һ㱨ģ˴֮ͥ¶ˣҾԲݵ㡭
̩һΪӶԸˣõˣ
Ժǻصϼ壬Ҳһ۵㣡  ϼδļ̳ˣԲԼδκε۵㣬ԼҲ⣡  Ȼˣʵһ㣬ȻBãȴͬĸ  㡭㡭ô
BԭΪ̩϶֮飬û뵽ȻΪԼԼ  ˣ̸ʧ̩ŭδҲһƬâ
һԵȰο峤ġ
ôҵҲҪֵõ廰ˣ̩ۿҲʿˮǣֻǡ
̨·
˴B뿪꣬׿Ըоó˿ɵϢѾסԼ  
ǰߵʱ򣬽ѾǴӺ΢΢һЦ˹
ϣǡٽͣ˽ŲŽ˳Լķ˹ҲЦ
ҵȥܲһɣ翴ٽ΢΢һЦ
Ȼˣϴݹ٣֮أٽܹһЦ˿ҲЦ绨  ҪԼˣվȴԼˣ
ҪԼŮɽأνĸŮѾǱǰˣ  ֮䣬Ǳžžģ  ׻ͷ˿磬΢΢һЦŽϣ֪ȥﵽкιɰ
ǣǲӭˣ翴΢΢һЦ
Ҳ¶һ˿ЦѵȻӭֻҪأ
ҺҵܹȻҲڶԵʣǽΣ翴ףĿԣһɻ
΢΢ͷд⣬룡
һ˵ȺƺƵĳ˹ȥѾ˽
ʵ˶֪ǣһʼ
սδһʱھҪչˣܲһͻΪսˣ  ꣬شģôҲطֵģǵߣ  ˴Bȥӣ̩Щҧгݵ˵ߣˣ
峤⡭ںźһţſսĻ¡
̩ºţɲҲ£  ˵׾׻ƵߣôǾԲܱã  ׻׽绹磬ŵǷǳǿģ
ҪԼССְſսû
̩˿ЦһߣôһϢϼں汣㣬㺦ʲôվҲûãȳطɱ񣬷ɱ𣡣
ĿһƬĸɬЩˣ  ̩ȥƺЩˣղñ˸°ˣǶһƣ
Ȼ֪һܲ˱ƣԸ̩߰һ̳׵ʧȥģ




808κ˲ܶ
 

ã  ˸սãѾǱ  ʵٽ֪˾ԲưոݵģȻҲǲܹиˣ
Ȼһţ˭֪Ǹǻأ  ֻٽܵûа취ܾţȻˣһҲǾ׵Ĭ  ֵܣû뵽Ҳͬ˰
һ֮ЦŶ׵
׿Žұ˴˱˴˲ֻҪ֪ǺΪʲôͻȻһţ
⡭
绷ңһҲʹƺ÷˽  ŵĸֶʱԲ׵ı¶Լʵġ
Ժּۻ۵һҪ룡
˵ʵڶٽܵ˸ģΨһĵĻǰЩ͸׵ġ
ڵĽǳȴǰվѣ
׿˿΢΢һЦϲÿˣȻܹģǶԼˣ
λ
翴ۺ˲׽ˣ֮ôܹ֪أ
װڰֵλԺҲ磬ʲôֱ˵ɣ
磿ЩĿ׵ˣ˵ʵǵһ
һԵ۸Ͻ˵ʵҲǵһ˵ЩԺָ֪ˣڻǲҪǰˣ
۶ν֮ˣĴ澴ηģΪ;һʥ飡  ȻˣҾֻ˵ˣǺŵõĿɿϢB֮ǰλ̩Ӧþǰϼˣ
翴ףɫҲ΢΢һʵҲ֪ģ
ϼ壿ʲôͷ׿Žʵ
ϼͷɲС磬ӵż壡ϼλĳ壡ʵӦǺǿģҲֵ֪˷˰
Ҳǰ뿪ЦĿB˵˿̵BһȻ
ȻһʹǱԼĸˣܲأ
ϣȻǺȻϢˡȻ֪ʲôĿģ֪϶ܵΪ˰ﲻ𣿡
׿Ž΢΢һЦϹŵЦݣ
ܺҪʲôֻҪûʲô˼ǿ̵ġ
ʱûǣ֮һжϲ⣡  ΢΢ͷ֪Ϣ֪̩࣬λBӦϼ
ôܣ΢΢üBĻôô׾ͷˣҲţ
˵ʵȻҲBǷǳƯûΪѾͷݻ˵磡
ֵܣ㲻ŵĻλСˡʼЩǺڰӹǱ̽鵽˵ϢΪ벻ϼڲҪ֪ϼ׻ƵкĿģҲֻܹѯλСˡ
ֵܣȻŮĻҿ̱ƹΣһԿ׳ʵ
һԵĽ粢δ廰ʵһθҪĿľΪ˿ϼ˴󶯸ɸΪʲô  ʲôʲôĻôȻҲҪõġ
׽ĺűϾûκεǰ;ҪĻĸã˵ʵҪĺŲã
Ҫǽܹº͵ĻǵʱƾԼĹͻлıԼ
ǽеĿģȻ׽ŵĳϣƾҪŵûʸ񣡣
һκܹ˹ȫǶϼпܵжȤ  һ壬˴󶯸ɸ꣬з
̱ƹ׿˿ƣֿ˿B˿̵BһĨȻû뵽ĵ黹Ƿˡ
֪Լ׻֮ߣ϶ûκκùӳԵģ
Ͼֻһ֮ˣڼǷǳ飬Ϊı׻Ƶ
׻Ƶ֮һ֪ϼĿģľ֮  ˭Ըȥأǽ֮ˣ˭顢̤룿˭Լܹഺأ
Bļ΢΢֪ԼҪĿ̣  ֪ԼѾδˣѾɱ  ϾϼҪҲҪϣ  ֵܣⲻһ֮ˣı찡һԳ
ҪҰó̱ƹԸ⣿׿Цһ
ôñȣɫһ죬Щ첱Ӵֵĺǳ
ߣžţžͲˣҸ㣬֮κ˶ܹŮһ£
׵İԵʼյģֻһ²˷ѣ




809¸жB
 

˶סˣ  Ƕû뵽ոջһźףȻŷ˾˵ƣ
һ
ֱĻ̲꣬סЩĸо  B˰ԵĻһһһʧ֣
˵ʵôҲû뵽ʱԼĸԼһվ˳Լ
Ȼ֪˵׶ԼʲôĿģ˼һŶжĪ  ŮˣЩʱںľһ仰
һ仰ɹĹBķߣвҪס
һŮ˸Ϊʱ׵仰߻һ㣬žҵĻѧӦ  ôĿףҲ˵ѾͲʣ  һ˿ɻ͸м֮飬ȫ׻˵ĵطһܹվԼ㹻ˣ
ʵ֮ǰѾ׼ֻǺȻı仯ԼоЩӦˣ
һԵۺﻹãʵ֪һˣ  Ȼ̶ܴڰǣҲоóBʵͦġ
Լĸֱĸоʵǲܣ  ǿڱŮҲȻ
ֻһԵٽܺٷ˿׵ӣǶǷǳ⣡
Ϊ֮ǰְܹǵ뷨װŮ˴Ӧþģ
֪λǰǵûôǱŮ
£Ī⣡  Ҳû˵ʲôΪ˼ǰĻѾǱְĲвˣ
Ŀ¾ҪƷˣҪ֪ȻǻĿĶǱϾǹĲ
û뵽˷ǵжǰһﾹȻ˵Ҫɱˣ
ߣֵܣ˵һ䱾⻰ѣֵܲΪһŮ˶ǺŴ󶯸ɸɣ
ԭһЦݵĽ磬˿ɫҲ൱ѿһγĿǺţ  ϣ㻹˽ˡ׿ŽҲЦһ
翴׳Ը꣡
˴˵һ׵Ļ˵İȻ  ˵һ  ĸ֣ѾýЩҲסˣⲻǻĴǵ  ֵܣҷҪŮ˿أһǰСҲ̫ʶ̧ˣ
ԼѾһ̨ˣû뵽Ȼ˵Ű裡
Ѳĵ˲ɣ  ٽܺٷһԭһźĳ棬ȻΪB˵Ľţ
Ҳǲ׸ŷҪĺͺŷĻǵʱǿɾǸܵ˰  ϣҵĻظڶ飬˵˳֮⣬κ˶ûʸ񣡣׵ĻԵޱȣ˸оһܲˣ  ٽһҪѿزס̶ЦϡϡڲҪ֪ϼ˵ҪʲôҪȻǰʲˣαش󶯸ɸأ
ǰǰǰȻ˵ֻһʣǾһʺˣٷһҲǴ۵  ߣҵҪôʵģ
ɫһѿղǸ׵ӣһʵЩʶ̧٣
Լһú׽ĳϣίȫĸ˵ѾǺܶԵˣ
ЩʵôҪ֪Ǻ磬Ҳһģ
Ȼλλʮ󳬼ţǺŵʵȴȺܶλʮ󳬼Ҫܶ࣡
ЩλʮŶһǺŵĶ֣
ǺţǺŵĵ̣  ȻŰ裬ȴҲܹӺŵĴڣ  ǰ꣬粻̫ϲ̫ţ  Ҫ֪ͷҪ۵ģ
ƿҲЦһˣҪ̫ʢ̫ʢ
װȻЦ˼ȻŽ˵ʢ𣿡
ϣСĵĲϸǺˣƵɫҲ쳣ѿ
һԵ÷΢΢ЦֵģҪΪǹ㣬ͿôŰ裡ȻҲߣǺŵĵ̡
̣ʲôϵײм˵ڳҲˣŮ˵ô˵棬ѾΪҵţȻҵţǾͲ붯ܶģô
ڸһλᣬʮ֮Ů˵ϼܣǿԼ̣
˿̿ҲһȻ˿׶ֺģ
·ʩᣬַ·ھ棡  ֻǲ˽ףҲ֪׵˭  ֪Ļ¾Ͳôĸ˵ˣΪûʸ͵




810ѹ˵ĺ
 

ö㣡
˿̴һƬɪۿͻҪ  BһҲǾˣ֮ǰϷԼˣԭǸ  ·𿴵һصˣվǰ  ⲻԼҪ
ԼΣյʱһܹվԼĸǰȻ˵ԼŮˣ˭Ҫ۸ʹԼʬ̤ȥ  ȻԼĻЩ·ɽ˵ıȴҲ͵ԼĻˣ
ƣ  BһʼĻɣҪ׳Լһƣ
ڿȴһ㶼ٴ⼸˵ıԲװܹװĳģ
һλ᣿׿ŽЦһҲһλᣬ̸ҹߣɲҪֱˣ

ҲһѾԳǱˣǿɶţ˰  һ㶼ţ˵ԳƣŵһЩ϶ôƺԼ
ʵûи龳ϵģ˼ôĳƺ  û뵽ǰСӾȻôƺԼһǲв
ϣһ￴ִҪǺŹȥһͼӴ׵˵
ǰһΪĲˬʵһιҪĿľΪ̽ϼĿģ˶ѣ
ϼBߣ˵֪Ů˿϶֪ܵġ
ֻҪõֶΣʱŮȻῪڣ  Ȼû뵽ˣȻô۶ӣǰСӷǵ⼸˷УŷУ
ⲻʲôʲô˶ܹǵ
˵ˣһ׽ߣʲôţأһЩŵĵӿҲûµ׽аɣ
翴׳㻹Ϊʵ΢ǿһЩţˣ뻤ˣ
УһѾǳУ  һԾŶ  ׽Ҳ쵱Ĵڰ

ٽһɾ֮ʣӰѾǳ֮У  ಣ  ĵӰսʤһ㣬Ǳ߰Ⱥۣ
λ龳ڵĸ֣һκŹʵҲǷǳĲģ
ϣǸʲô
ٷһҲĭŽ磬⻹ûиְ˿սԼѾˣ  磬㺰ǹģ
ͷ֮˿Ž磬ûأ෴һǿ׳ӣ  λˣһҵ̽鵽ӹĳϼǱ׻ƾڣĿĲΪϼһǻвɸ˵Ŀģ
翴Ĵ󻤷Ҳǳ
Ĵ󻤷һλʹˣǺר׽ܲˣ
ӦǺ׽ľˣһν紫ȥϢҲ˵ӣ
ʵĴ󻤷֮⣬λʹҲˣ  ֻʹԳݣԸЩʵ΢ĽһֱԶ
ϼ壿ߣǰӹѣǾȻеǱ׻ƾڣǴ󵨣ͷλ
ͷǰλˣڻ֪ǵĿģһ֪ġ
˭
λͷĻͳŽҲһ˿죬Ȼϲ˵ʽ
һĻ˲̧һָ
BһָŵˣĪֵĸˣʵȥǷǳǿ
Ҳǽп಻û뵽ŵ˾Ȼʵ  ֲøղһֱҪ飬Ȼǲ֪浽ʲô𣬿ӦѾ϶ˣ  ֪ϢĻµʱǿ϶ǷҪռеġ
󣬶κһ˵¶֮ص飡
ǾʹӵڶԴҲʹһδķչǱ  ߣ㻹ʲôΪʲô˿죿ͷĻһ磬㲻ҲҪҽɣ
λˣǵȷôģŮ˵˲ͬ⣡翴ЦһǱԼĹǵĻʹ
СӼȻҪǾĸĿʱҲ֪֪Ե³  
λͷĻһףѾ¶һ˿Ĳм
һŽ˵ǻˣôһʵƽƽ񾳽ڵСҲŪ
񾳳ڣҲǵɴ۾ףһԼʵǲԼΪʲôЩ͸Сӵʵأ  ׿⼸ǼжԶҹԶȽɲףȻǣ
ǺǣǹŵİͷǸһףҵҪôǡ
󻤷ãʹΧˣ
׼ʰ׵ʱȥʹ˱˸Χˣ  ѾϾ˼ףһѾʧ棡




811վ˵
 

ٽܺٷʹΧϢʱ򣬼ͬʱһ
ǰ⼸˿ȥţģһǲְ
ҪǶʱ¹˭ֻδ֪ȻҲ֪
Ƕ⼸ǺŵĻʲôͷҲͲö׸ˣ
ȺѾǳúɽķ򼲳۶ȥ˶һ  ǰҪȻС߰ɣ˺ſɲġٽԥһᣬҧҧ
ΪʲôҪߣ׿ٽЦŵͼһûз
֪ǰʵ߳˫ȭѵ֣ŵı˵ǿ֧ţܹʤһԺ󡭡
ٽȻʵǿҲϽˣһǶġ
Ͳõˣȥ׷ʲô飬ߵϢͺˡ
׿˵ҪһŮ˵ܣ  ⲻķ˵ҲҪ֪ʲôܣٺõĶѲûм  յĿľǱȫİȫˣĶϣ  ֡֡
Bһʱ䶼֪Ӧú׽ʲôˣ˰ȴҲûкһƺ
׿B΢΢һЦٺ٣㲻ѾҵԺϹ߷ˣô
Bţһβĺ
ԥһҡҲҪȥ
㣿׿˿BǱߺΣգһССûˣ㲻Ҫ߰ɣ
ģҼȻӦ㣬ҾԲߵģֻҪҸǡ
Ȼϼ飬Ȼĸ׺ĸ壡  ĸ׻ϼ壬ĲµľԼĸס
ϣȥϼʤҲ֪һϼѾŸˣҪն񣬿ĺˣ
һϼˣʱԼĸҲܵǣ  ΪԼĸ̩ĸǵճ
Ȼãȴͬĸã˶ϼ峤Ѫ  ̩ѪȻҪԼ߹ܶ࣡
ҲΪʲôʱֱ̩ӷԼһԭΪСȻ˹ϵ֪̩ӹԼ  һʧˣʱе¶ƵԼϣԼĸҲܵǣ
ʵղſ׶ԼӣǿԸоó˻ԺԼҲ̫ġ
Ҫһˣʵþ׻ƣҲνˣ  ҲұȥB׵쳣ļᶨ  ȥǺǣȥҲԣشһ⼴ɣ׿B΢΢һЦ
ʲô˵B׳
ЦŵҲǳĺ棬ϼ嵽׻磬ΪȻˣҲ˵ģ˵˵ɣ
ҡҪǲ˵أ
BЩǿĿףʵҲ֪˵Ͳ˵ڶ˵Ѿûκεˣ  ˵ˣҿԴȥ㲻˵͸Ǵһ𣬵ʱʲôҶģЦŵ
ʵ˵ҲûʲôģͳղػңʵҲģBһ֪ͼŮҲһ˿⣡  Цŵϴ
ʵϼ嵱ϵõһŲرͼB׵
üرͼ
жʮ꣬˵һʼǾͿ˶һߣ֪һЩӦҲ֡
һԵٽҲǳ׵һʷ׻Ըἰһʷ  һʷҲ׻˿̿ĵʷһȴ˻ų޵ʷ
׽绹磬걻ռʧ޷
ȳ裬ӡ˵Уþɢȥ  ֻʱ䣬ܹƽĴˣ  ׵ͷʷҲ֪һ֮֮ޣԺл᱾Ȼ̤ƽ׻֮۷磡
ǰ۲ŴԣٽһƨѾ
һԵЩƵ˵˵үүǰôƨ˰
Сӣ㶮ʲôٽһԼӲ̨Ҳһ죡
BͣҲǵʵúɽϣһҰӹԴѾѷ˼㣬ϼҲð֮踴׻Ƶľء
󣿹ֲã
ҲЩȻŵ쳣ôĵĹȻҲǸоһЩʲô
ȻǴкܶʯҿ˵ʯźܴ棡û뵽ĺ澹ȻһأҪ֪Ļ
ٽһ֣Ӷɳˣ
B̾һӣǲڵõˣ˵˵ʵҲûʲô




812ºVSϼ
 

ɽĺɽΪɽ
ɽǧشﲩų׻ɽ֮һ  ɽҲǸѡַĶֻϧϹʱһλǿ߰Ϊ˽
֮û˸ط˽ţ˵Ҳ֣ƺΪΪŵĵط֮һ
ҲΪˣⶫ֮⣬Ҳûκεţ  ׻統Կʱ䷢һ
ɻûеȵ׼ɵʱȴѾǱ׻Ƶ߸ˣ
ƺΪһܣ  껳ܵļλߣͼҪȴ޼գ
׻׷ɱ֮һײĴϼľڣ
ҲΪʲôϼ˾Ȼӵܵһԭ
ǿߣҲûеֵ˰ӹߵϿ´ʣ˵ܣ
ϼѾʮ֮ãʵϼһֱΪ¶ԥ  Ͼ׻ǳǿҲֻʹһǿ֮⣡  յĶ˯ѾǴѣη
ɽ˿ڻս
һǺŵʹĴ󻤷һϼλ֣  һϼҲɳһλ徳ĸڴϺüλھǿߣ  ǵĿԭҪϢĽ׻ڲһЩ谭Ҳǿϰġ
֪̩ЩͷˣǽԼͬĸ˸ʲô磬鱻˸ˣ
ҲǴ׷ɱ׵ˣ̩ʱĸı˴ɽڲ
ҪĿľҪ̽һ󵽵ʲôط
ܹϢĿɵĻôҲһڻû뵽⻹ûеطͱ˸ˣ
ҷǵˣȻһλ徳ǿߣ
̩˿̵ȫǺߣĲ֪ΪʲôԼôı
׻֮Լƺʲô鶼ô˳һҪײǽĳ嶯  ȰߣҴ׻ƾڣֱ
˿̣һλԼĪʮµߣһɷģֳַɽվ̩˵ĸǰȥսһ㣡
ǺʹҲŵĳϼﵥ־
־Ϊ徳ڵĸ֣Ȼŵĳְ֮ͬ׽˵һ
־ͦϲһ֮֮ϵָоţҲλȨأ
ΪŵִϣӵɱȨ
ߣǺˣ
һӰѾǳ̩˵ĸǰ̩˶û뵽ǵɱﵾȻʱͳˣ  ˱ϼɳһλ֣ͬҲ徳ļ帱峤ٲ  ٲΪϼĸ峤λȨأ
һǴϼУɽΪľܹɽڵ
󶼻ûҵȴû뵽ѾҪˣ  峤ˣôˣ
̩Щ㵵ĿٲҲû뵽ٲȻ˵ĳסѾˣ  ٲЦһ峤ҳҵĵ֮˿徳ڵǿߣʵ൱ѲΪƾǵʵܹսʤˣ
ʲôͷȻ徳ǿߣ̩Ҳһ  ĻôǹϷôȻһϷû˰
ٲӹϼ帱峤ʸºˣٲҲ֪Ѿûκεˣ
ִϵ־־һ˵ݣҲ֪ԼҪҵһˣ
־˽ɽϢ֮ҲǷǳӣ
ԭɽЩˣû뵽ϼĸ峤϶ʲôɸ˵ܣ  ־ֲɵǾ޴ǣĻϼװ׵һ徳ǿԽ׻Χ  Ҫ֪Ҫ˵ĻҲǰ
ϼҪ𣬿¶ǱˣԿóȻʲô徳ǿߵҪҪĶɽ֮У  ԭǴĺִϣٲ֪Ƿÿһ·ҵǷ˼֮ǰѰҵϼʧĶġٲһţʹˡ
峤ĪΪСôĺúƭɣ־ЦȻȻôˣҲҪ֪һĿġ
ϵ˼ǲϸϼˣٲɫһ䣡  ٺ٣峤Ѳɻ׼ҪֲɣΪҺ֮㣿־ٺЦ˿ܱߵѾǱһգ
սƺһ
ֺαΪ£Ҳ£ٲȻǲԸĿս  ־ֻҪ֪һܣȻǲ˵ĻǱֻд˵Ϊֹˣ
䣡  ־ˡ




813ִֺˣ
 

䣡  һ콣ѾŰΧĿռ֮У˽𵴣  Ű֮ݲɽ
ٲŵ־Ȼ˵־ͳ֣Ҳһӭȥ  ֮Уһһ֯һ𣡣
  ϵĽײŷһײ֮ǻĽȥѤޱȣ
徳ǿ֮ײȻǲһĻ𻨣
˿̣ŵĴ󻤷ѾǸϵߣǿʹѾʼ֣ɫҲΪϿ
Զһɽ֮ϣ״Bվɽ֮ǰˣ
Ȼٲ峤
B涯֮ˣҲЩȻľȻû뵽һε龹Ȼ־ǿֶѾˣ  ׿B΢΢һЦǼĸ峤ʵҲǲ
BͷǸ˵峤ʵѾﵽ˵е徳Ҳĸ֮һ
ϼһǶ˰ϼô㣬ڷ㣬Ϊλϼ˵أ
׻Щ֣ɻĿ˿B  BĿⶢųʵ̩֮Ҳ֮е飬ΪҵľٶпӰ쵽δϼ峤λá
Ҿء׿B΢΢бӵ
B죬ȻҺ̩ͬĸãһҾҪϼĳɰܡ
ϣϼܣ׿B
BҡҡͷϣӮ
㻹Ұײò̾һ£Ů˻һ
BЦһҡҡͷ˽ɣΪֻ֪ҪϼóˣҵĸҲͰȫˣĻ̩϶еƵҵϣʱҵĸס
ǣȻôĵĻʱȥĸ׽ӹˣ׿BЦŵ
ʵBӴΣԿóŮ˻һŮˣһТ˳Ůˣ
籡֮ʵ̫̫̬࣬棬ʵŮһ  Bףг˸жʵ֡һ𣿡
Ȼ׿BֹӣҲֵĿB֮䣬ô
䡭ʵҾҪʣҷͬ壬ղԸǿŷҲҪȫҡ
BЩʲȥˣΪԽԽЩˣ
BĻݸһЦ㲻ô
㡭ʵģ
Bɫ৵һһεĺԳһˡ
Ҳشģ˵ˣҵҪ˵ĵⲻһ˵׿Bһֵ
Bʵ㡭ôΪҵĻ
ৣ
Bʻ֮ʣ׷֮Ѿóһʵף  ˿ף  ֶǷ磬ҲǷеļƷˣ  ˵ģֻҪܹӵȷͼƷ徳֮ˣ˺Bˣ
Ȼˣһʵﵽ徳˿ȻҲûжˣ  ȻҲܹһֵĽ徳ʵ̫
ⶫB˵Ѿǹõĺˣ  ֿʼˡ
⡭ʲôBһ޶֮ΪһŮһоЩܰˣ  ȡ㾫Ѫ΢΢һЦ  BֱԼָһѪ˿֮ϣ  һʱâһʢܿ˿ѾûB壬֮˽ܵϵ  ⡭
B𾪵ĿףǶôĴ󷽲ܹõ  ׿ʵʯˣ
ԭBǳԼģɵó͸ԼʱҲûκ뷨ˣ  һںˣ˼һںʲôν  繫ϵΪֵǵĺöˣ
׿B΢΢ͷȻҵˣȻҲģղѾ˵ˣĸ׵齻ҾͿˡ
ɡϼɲʲô˶ܹȥġ
Bǲ˵ĻֻֻҲҪʵĻ֮ϵģ
׿BЦŵߵ֮һȥϼ忴ŮȥĸҲӦõ
㡭㡭
˵˵žͲ񻰵ӣBΣڱô˵˵ϰ˵ĸо  ˿̣־ٲĴսƺѾӽβ֮ƺ˭Ҳκβ˭
˿þȫսʵȴһ֣ƺеĬ




814޳ܺ
 

ɽ
˿̴֮ѾȻֹȡ֮ĿԲôŶԷ  ִϣȻ鴫
ٲһתѾһƨ˦˹ȥ
Ȩ׹ϵôһζĴȥ϶ǰ첻ˣ  ǣϼĸ峤Ҳ˹Ŀ࿴־Ҳǿ˿ٲҲǵȻһЦ
ղ  ղŻŵˣһ̾ѵһ㣬വţ
⵹һԵЩˣԭ׼սˣ
һжȡڵ־ٲĽ
ڿƽ͵վǱ죬˶ͣ˽Ų
ϣĲòٲŵ־ʵ
־΢΢һЦҵ־Ҳǲ֮ˣ֪һʦڣ϶׻ƵĳЩⶫڴɽӦòҪø֪ɣ
ϣвˣٲһεĽȴ  һԵ̩ٲ峤ҪȻǻг˰ɣ
ˣûлͷ㲻𣿡ٲһĨʧ  СӿȥǶıʵϾǸûӵļһ
νǶıҲ峤Ϊ˳СӽӰ࣬ӪһַΧѣ  飬Ѿ˵ʦڣ  ʱҪ˵Ļһŵ˿ھ򣬵ʱǻһëǮĹϵûˣ  ϼҪзֵһǿ϶Ҫ֮˺ˣ
ܹõһ룬ҲǶϼž޴á
ʲôҲòǻ˶źһʡȥܶ鷳ҲǿԵõԴ  ֶֺΪأһζҪ̣ˮһˣ  ־ٲЦһߣҲûôװɣ
ϣȻ鵽زϼڲҴžûʲô˼ˣϲӦҵֻѪսˣ
ٲ˿̵ҲɢһɾȻҪ־ϼ̬ȣ
󵽵׻ƵľڣֻϢѣ
ҲһõϢ֮жĥɱ¿Ը⿴飡  ־δ˵һԵĽҲǵʹˣϼ峤BѾǱ׻ܻ֮񣬾ϼ˲˵ܣҲа취ô˿ڣ
峤ڸ̸ʲô𣿡־һߣҲϲüң
кö˭Ը˷أܹõʲôõĶĻȻҪˣ  ־֪Ҳô׵ģ  ٲɫһ䣬ߣ֪ĻΣȻҪ̵ĻѲϼ岻ɢϢʱ׻˾֪ΪǺŻܹ̣
㡭
־û뵽ϼ徹Ȼ˵ĺݾҲĨһ˿ɱ⣡  ٲΪ֮ȵĸ֣Ȼܹܵ־ŨŨɱ⣡  мЦһ㾡ȫɱˣѲǺŻܹܵҰӵȥնɱϼеôһǳκε飬ʱǺҲҪõκεĶ
ƣ  ٲĵƣҪѾǾԲˣ  ΨкǻɲĹʶ֮˭ҲҪõı
һλʮ֪ʱ϶һȷѪ꣡
һɵӲŲҪأ
־˿ٲȻ˵ĻҾҪ峤ĳˡ
ҵĵһǣֳ֮ɣٲŵ־΢΢һЦ
ֳɣ׻ƾأҺߣ־Ȼ
ٲ΢΢ҡͷ˵ǺĻ
ģ־ֺһٲŵ־ϼð˾޴ķգԲܽĵģѾǵĵˡ
ã壡־ʵڶ԰Ҳûκε
ҪʲôöĻʱ嶼׬ˣ  ٲǵĵڶÿһڵʱ䣬ҪһΣ
ʲôҪÿ½һΣ־ЩɻĿٲ֮ǰһΪʲô֮˵ı
֮ıҲһڽһΰɣ⵽ʲô  ٲ˿ҲҴŵǵĿɿϢɽһ󣡣
ʲô󣿣
־۾ɵͭһ㣬ȥ쳣𾪣  ȷһһˣֵܹþ޴أ
һһС͵ʯڼƵģ  Ǵ͵ĻʯпǼʮϰڵʯ
ϣֺαشС֣ܹϼƴҪĶûǵĺһܹģٲ΢΢һЦ
Ȼ
־˫ֶЩ΢΢ĲҲһַ֮У
ǿ󰡣
һõĻںŵʵǾǰٳ߸ͷһˣ




815³
 

Զɽ֮ϣ
׺BЩĿɿڴĿּۻۣ  ԭ˶Ϊ˿϶Ʋ  û뵽Ȼôһ֣һ͸  ͺˣҲüʵ
һԵB΢΢ҡͷʵǲ˼飬û뵽ΪҲܹΪߣ˴۽簡
ߣһΪʲôûɫڿҲˣı죬ȻŽܹʵͬҲһδĶֱ֣ǰ࣡
Щŭˣû뵽Ϊ棬Ȼѡϼ
֮ǰЩһƺΪЦ  Ҳû뵽һ֣ѾڹȥҲ
BҲ֪ܾ˵ľ棬ǻһ˿Ļᣡ
ѡ˺һĻᶼûˣ
˳ȥҲ΢΢һЦɲһ벻Ҫȥ󣿡
㲻𣿡BЩɻĿףһĵҲ̫һЩɣ
ΪΪʳҲǰ뿪Ц˵
Bε˵ȥĻȻһȥһȰһ£ҪĻӦøϽ뿪ǻ֮ǰҸط
ǿɲҵķ񣡣İɣûµġ
˵꣬ʹBʧɽ֮ϣ
ٲŲرͼǸرͼϵָʾϵɽصţ  ʱĹͣһٲ  رͼϵָʾӦþˡٲ
־ǰٲٺһЦѾ֪ƺһ˿
ϵ˼ٲĺ棿ٲѰûʲô飡  ĻԲֻôһɣ
ҲµûĻӦþˣ
־һӣһѾǳٲֱȥ
˲䣬ٲǱһһ㣬м֮Ȼ¶һټɽ  ˮˮ  ľһϼ˶оһľ棬Ҫ֪ӹԴǳѷȻǵʵɼʶȴһ㣡  Ŵ꣬ǿɲʲôèЩѾ˺ܶľ飡  ϣȻֶηǷٲ΢΢һЦ
ǽȥ浽ʲô־ȷ˽ȥû˿ԥ
ܿ˾͸ŵ־ٲһһˮڣ  ڵɽûһ˿⣡  һĵ·ƺûм׵ָо  ԽߣԽоһȵ  ӦǱĳЩ󷨣ƺһֽƣ
־üͷչ˿ղŽɽʱйһԥ
Ϊɽ֮ƺûŨɵǽСʱĹȴѾԽԽŨˣ  ׽磬Ũĵطǿ϶ˣ
Ӧþˣֻǲ֪󵽵ж󰡡
ٲҲһļоͿԿó˷쳣
ȥû뵽ɽ棬Ȼ˱ж֮氡
־ҲһĻȣû뵽һ˴ˣ  󣡣
ںδķչǿԽԵģԴѷ£ܹõһµĻǼֱ֮
˵Ŀжһ˿˿̰֮ɫ
ЩʯǿɶԴ
أԭڵɽı˿Ѿͨ˵ص
ɫʯ£ĿϾӣ
öʯԲһС͵󡭡
쿴ǡ߲֮ɫӦǴ˵еļƷʯ
ǰһöļƷʯһҪĽడ
ӦϹʱڵ󣬷򲻿һʼͻּƷʯһ׬˰
һľʵǲ²Ĳûд  ȷϹʱڵһֻǲо
浽棬ѾǱ˴ͨ˵·滹󷨽ƣ  Ѳɺ
ֻѾǲôˣǰ˶ʯֱ۾
Խߣ־ٲԽ죡  Ҫ֪ǿɶ徳ǿߣܹȻĶĶȻˣ  ˶Զˣ־ʵ
Ӧʮصľˣϣƺû갡ǰ滹ǿͷһԵĽ缤˵
ҲµòĻӦǴ˵еĳ󣡡
־Цм˷ܣҪǳĻеʯǲڿţ
⻹һǣһӵȪȪ۵ĻǼȡ֮  ˿̵ĵ־Ҫ쳤ХǸϼ֣ǺõĶҲǹھˣ
ٲȻ֪ʲô󣬱Ͼߣ
ŵ־˷ܵӣҲǴǰȥʵϣ֪Ϊ󣿣




816ط
 

!!  籾һ׼ģһΪ΢С󡢴ͳ֣  ÿһֵı׼ȻҲǲһģ⼸֣ͿĳȻԲٵʯΪ׼ˣ
΢һΪ׼Ҳ˵ûдﵽʯģϾ΢ˡ
Сڵʮ֮䣡  һ㶼ʮڵʯ䣡
Ȼˣڵ־˽ܵصȻⳬˣⳬǿӵʯ֣
ҪǣһĳԱ߶ӵȪۣ֮
Ȫ֮۲ĽĶȪ֮ǼΪĶ  紫ֹֻΣ˸Ϊƻˣ  ⳬһεֳҪڰȪ֮۵ĵĻǲ붼ܹ֪δķչжôǿˣ
־ˣԭȻǿ֪ЩʯԺǿɾԴԴϵԴ  ׽ΪյľԴȻǿ󣬿ԴҲһֱȽϵĽͰ͵ģ
Ȼˣⵥ־ɲɵӣȪ֮۵飬Щӹ߿϶û˵ġ
Ͼ֮£ʵҲżȻ˵Ȫ֮۵飡
Ȼܸ˵ģҪ֪Ȫ֮۸пܵʯ֮
ǿǱȼƷ򱶵Ķ  ҪǺܹõһʯ֮Ļ֪Ժһʲôˣ
ϣô˵Ļӵϵʯˣ
ٲˣʯļֵȻĺܵġ
ϼ壬ʯҲڣ  ӹϼʯҲǷǳˡ
ɼҲֻڣֻڶѰ  Ȼ˵ڼʯܹʮĳ  ־Ц˼峤ͷİɣҳΪӹһһָտɴ飡
 Ҳùϲ㰡ԺӦҲһķԾʱȫֺ˰
ٲ˿Ҳûмʲôġ
Ϊ⿿ʯܹˣ˵׻ҪʵǿУ  ־һ˿ģӹ˾ˣһԴģǲһȺľ֮ܶѣ
־΢΢ͷȻ˵ĻҲ峤ˣ⿪ɵҺ֮ܽС
ǺܽУô֪ǿ˶٣ٲŵ־Щǵʵ
־Цһɣұ֤ٸϼʮʯÿڶӹϼΣ
ʮڣ˵ǡٲɫһ䣬˵ôʯ˶ˣ  Ҫ˵ǰ˵ʮʯ˶Ҫˣ
ڰʮҲ࣬Ͼٿӵʯ⻹Ϊصһ֣
ߣΪܽвҪмҲģҺŵʱ򻹻øЩʧѲ𣿿ɲҪ׻Ƶ߶ɵϡ
־Цһ͵Ƕֵܹ飬ʱ֮˱Ȼ֣ᷢ
ǺµĻͺžˮˮల£
ϼ˹Ļǿ¾Ͳˣ
˵ˣһε־Ҳ֪ԣʱŶȻפ̫ϳϹ  ʱͳΪδһʱŵҪսˣ
ðɡ
ٲҲ֪ʱԼٲʶȤĻʱһŵĸֹˣԼҲˣ  ־㶯ֵһԭΪϼ֪ܣ  һǱ¶ˣʱòʧľǣ  Ȼ˵Ļ峤ֻҪϼԴԴϵʯҲͿˡ
־˿ٲ
ǣ
ٲҲ֪˵ز˾ԽǾϻϼ壬˾Խǰȫ  Ҳԥһ˵Ⱦ׼뿪ⳬ󣡣  ˿̣״BѾǽ֮ڣʱ׵ԱѾǶһС
СǱˣ飡  BͻȻ֣Ҳһ
׿B΢΢һЦλʦ飬ոմϹþȣ
飿ôˣ㺰ʲô֪Σ𣿡BЩƵʵ
΢΢һЦСʵɱǿ
ðɡBг˲ŵɫ  ɩá鿴BҲЦЦܿתͷ׵ǰҪˡ
ٺ٣Ļǿ»ǲҪųȥˣ׵Ĩһ˿⣡  źźҵĸ֣ǲҪ
Bɫһ䣬һĵҲ̫һɣǵʵܹԸ




817ɵʹ
 

ಣ
B׺ľٶ֮ʣѾǱų۶ȥ  ־ٲո׼ֿʱһǿʶѾѹ˹  ˣ
־ɫһ䣬ͬԱߵٲҲһٴеģ
˼ͬʱŶԷһۣϾʱ⣬Ҳһľս  ߣӹǱΪ飬˼
׻ĴӺڰ˳Ա߻վBƲ۵ˣ
㡭
һףҲӿֳһĨȻ֮û뵽һﾹȻˣ
ϣ˵ôôĵҪڿĿѾǴﵽ˰ôһҪΪô
׿ǰˣҲ¶һ˿Ц⣡  һԵƺ÷򸾿׺B̶ŵ־ʹˣ˺Ů˾ϼҲ֪˴ܵˣ
־˿ٲٲҲǺ⣿壬֪ģ
壿Ǻǣ̩Ѿˣһҵô
B˿ȻлңˣֻܹӲͷƤǰˡ
ȻҲ֪ٲʵȺܲһԲɣ  ̩ЦһBˣȻҡ
ž
̩δ䣬һӰѾǴӹһĶ˲ɳȥʮüԶصǽ֮ϣ  ȥƺǳأǽǶЩʯü飡
ٲһûп˳֣̩ѾǱ߻ˣ  ֣  ٲȥ˵ղΪЩ˲զεĻôѾȫȷϣǰ˿϶Ǹˣ
㡭㾿˭Һԣ
־Ҳͫһղٲĸܲ޶ʵǿ
Ūý˶п߰
ߣף׿ŵ־Цһ
ףôôϤ־üͷ΢ֵȷǺϤһʱ벻  һԵһλƺһЩʲô̵ŵ־ʿˮϣǡǸͷľ̫幬ǽס
̫幬ܣԲܣ
־ĺһɬʵʱͷƤоЩˣ  ϶ǲܵ鰡һôôһ֮أ
ο̫幬ˣ֮ǰո뿪ҽȵĵ̣ôܳ׽أ  ǣ֪ҵİ
׵仰һ־ѾˣһԵٲ˲֪׻飡
Ǽ׵Ҳûκεĸо
㡭־Ƿһ˿˿Ŀɬ
ҪĻֻܹ㱳ԹԼˣ  డ
ĸҵһ󣬻ûмӵʱ䣬һѾǴجģ
˭ϣǺſ׻һŰ
ٲû˵½ľ̫幬˵ġ
Ҫ˵ŵʵǱνİӹǰλϼҪǿ̫ˡ
ҲΪʲô׻Сһԭ򣬿û뵽ⵥڿһ˾ǿһ㣬ʵⰡ
ҡҵ֪ˣŹҵȣԺ󡭡־ˣʵǲ֪Ӧôˡ
ǿǸȥҽնɱ˼龳ĳְԼ徳ڵνǿ˼ҵУ¾һʱϣ
ֱǲֵһᰡ
һԵBЩĿ˿ףһﵽ˭
ղŻоŲһĵϣڿһ󿴵èһ㣬ʵЩְ  ٲһףҲǱ־ľٶŵˣǰ˿϶ʲôֲĴڣ
ҪȻⵥ־Բ˵ĺ£Ҳ˵ĵĵģ  ٲ˾һӲ֮ˣ־㣬̵ȻˣǲһⳬΣ
һôַ׿˿־ٲЦ
֡һ룬ʣµǷ֡־ЩСĿ׵
ʦ硭
ʱ΢΢ü׳
ôˣʦܡ׿˿飬ҲЩɻʵ
ЩŹ֣ȽЩ˵ɡƺоһɲѰϢ  ˣЩӹ˽˾ˣűϾ࣬ĨȥǵļȻӳȥˡ
ײδҪնɱЩ֮ˣֻĨȥһЩѣ  ٲû뵽Լһ׻ƾȻǱ˻Ȫ֮·Ǵ˿̵Ѿûκκڵˣ




818¹Źֵ
 

һɱ֮  ź˵棬ӵʱ䣬ٲѾǱ׺նɱ  ƣǰļλ֮һӶˣ  ֡
־ҲŵֱʿˮղһĻʵ̫ˣ  ֮ǰֻ˵͸оˣ񿴵̫幬Գֶ֣Σֱ˸е  ҵ۲ʶ̩ɽײдԭ
žһ¹˿ôأ
һԵƺ÷Ҳŵû겻壬ǻһ˿ϣǾǸղѾ˵˲ɱǣ  ׿ŵ־˵ߣ֮ͬ꣬ɱ䣡֮ȴҲȴȥ
ʦ磬ɡ΢΢һЦ
˲۳һɫĹȦܿ˾ͱȻֱӸ˳ȥ
ȥӣBڶЩûлĹ  ղ׺ǵֶΣоһĺ¡
ҪԼڸ׵ĻҲٲһ³ˣ  ˣ׿B΢΢һЦBЩӲ׵ҡС
ǺǣͷֱðѲˣҲǰ뿪Цʵ
㡭㵽˭ôôBЩ̲סʵ
ղ˼Ҳ˵û׹һֵ
BЩɻĿ׵Ǹʲô̫幬Ҷ׻ƵĸȤ׻Ƶо칬̫幬ɣûһ̫幬ɰɣ
û뵽㾹Ȼ֪칬̫幬ˬʵЦЦȻB֪Ļͦ
ʵ׻ƵѾʲôˣǵǰӹǱУǱ߸ȫĺܣһЩжٵĸǶ֪ġBʼ
ЦһҰȻң׻Ʋӣôлɳأ
BͷҲ״˵׻ʹһսʮֵ̫̫꣬࣡綦ʢʱڣԡ
㻹ЩʶǺǣЦŵ
ǡʲôҡܲ飿BЩ˵
Цŵ֮䲻Ҫ֣ԵЩˣֱ˵ɣ
ҡҵЩ֣Ǹ̩Ͼҵĸ磬ȻҲʣҲܶ壬ܹŹ
BôԼĴ۾Ŀף  ̾һְǣǾҲԲܶκεĸж֮ģŲţ
ɡϾͬĸĸ硭BҲ΢΢һ̾
׵ͷҪȻΣ
ԣʲô˼Bף֪ʲô˼
óһöҩѾ˵̩У  ЦŵöҩʱȻˣҲԶһҾͷȥһ֮Źĸ׵ĻҾͷŹΣ
ðɡ
Bû뵽ĻǳԶԼô˵һµԼĸ׵飬˼ҾȻͷϣΪ˶Ŭ  ˵ʲôأBƺоԼͦ˵ģ˶Լǲģ  ˽ЦŵѾͳȥˣ뿪ط
ѹʱ򻹻֣ԼΪʲôȻܵɽأҲǹһֵ
鿴˿׵ָ磬Ĵ
Bһôֱ׵Ļɫڵһ¾ͺͬʱԼҲһ  Сӻ᲻˵ҵ鲻ܡװ
ٺ٣ҽҪ˵ͦҪģָˣҪδɩӵĻҿɾ˵˰
˵ԼоЩ²̨ˣ  ܸܲB߰ɣҪߣһĻ»ô
ЩͷĿл˵ƨţôϻ
ðɣ鿴˿ףȻָ磬ӦаʷˣϹʱڵ󰡣
ôˣ׿ʵ
Ϲʱڵôȥ˶û˶𣿡ʵ
˼˵׿飬ͷйŹ֣йŹ֣ҵʶ̽鵽ǰ֮󣬾Ȼ̽鲻ˣ
ʶ̽鲻ˣǡ
üʵΪԼʶ̽鲻ˣû뵽ʶȻҲ̽鲻ˣ  ʦ磬һ϶ʲôɸ˵ܣǵСΪϰ
˵ʦܰ绹۸㲻飿ҲΪŵ˵
ʦ磬Ϲʱڵ黹治˵
ҲûˣΪϹʱڵĴܷǳ࣬Ǹʱɽ绹ûȫĸ룡
ɽǿ߻ǿԽģɷ֮ͨ󣬾͸˽磡  ǿҪ磬ҲǾ޿ܵģ




819󶼰
 

󶴵
ƺطѾǸǿǿʶҲ̽鲻ֺ
˵Ķ൱ĹŹˣ  ʵϣ׺̸BһͷˮĿǣʲôϹʱȻҲ˵ϹʱѾȥܳʱˡ
Ѳ澹ȻϹʱµĹ屦  ҪĻһλ׬ˣ
ܿ죬һѾ  ӳһƵȪۣ֮  Ȫ֮۵Ũ̶Ǻ˰΢΢һЦ˵
׳Ȫ֮۵Ũ̶ȣҵͻһˡ
ʦ磬Ȼ˵Ļҿһ¾ˣ鿴ѯʵ
⵹һ⣡
׵ҲһƬȣʵ϶˵ʵΪҪġ
ɩҲԸһǻΣ鿴΢΢һЦ
ǻЩƵĿ顣
ٺһЦȪ֮ۺͳǸöҪĻ̫ϧˣ
˼ǣռ䣿ƺһʲô
ĵ㣬ǿ൱һС簡ţĲģԴʱ䷨򣡣  һһٵʱ䣬ǲĵƣ
ͷ֮ǰʶ̽һ£ĹŹĳûκεĹϵȫԽⳬҵ֮С
УҲһĨʵ
ȻУʵҪ֪Ȫ֮۵ĺ浽ʲô鿴Լʶ޷̽ĵطҲһڴ  Ȼ˵Ļۻʲôأ
ԭⳬЩϧˣû뵽С龹Ȼܹⳬߣ⵹ʡȥٵ鷳  ¡¡
һĴӼ˵ĶBЩȻˣ  ߸õĶȷ൱󣡣
ɽڲһ㣬һߣ˵ƿҲл֣̿  BСҲûôĳ棬˵ĵضɽҡܲң
⡭զ°ôôֲBЩ߶µĿʵ
û£վԱ߼ɣ׳BȻĳ׵߿˿
գ
Ŀ棬Ȫ֮۾һȣռǱͿһ㣬˲ʧռ֮ڣ  ⳬڵصºĵطˣɽ˿Ҳǵһ㣡  ҵĵվҲѾ̽⵽Դ˴ɽеϢûκεԱҲûκ˵Ĺע
ͷһЩСĵǲ̫ô  ׺B˿ѾǴĵռ֮У  ռ䣡  ԭһƬߣһʵĴɽߣҲԵôĵˣ  ȻˣҪɭ֡ȵȣٲȻһûпˣ
⡭ﰡBЩ𾪵Ŀǰޣ˶ˣ  BԺڽͰɣģҪ˷Ũ׿B
һԵѾ׼B˿Ȼʾϥ
׿BBΨһǲϵͻƣʱܶ鷳һͻƵʲô磬ͿԼ컯ˣ
B񲻹ѣ  ʱȻʼҲ쳣ⲻ֪һλԵ  Ȫۣ֮  ״˿̶Ȫ֮۵Ϸǲӿ֮ˮҲǲϵĿʼȡţ  ʼ˳׵ĸķ۶ȥ  һϪ뺣ĸоԭѾʮֳӯĵ￪ʼûԾ  ҪͻƣǱȻҪǿ
˵ϵͻƾǵһϾǼһҪ룡
ϵ׵ĵصĹ˺ѹ
˿׵ľҲΪٶȵӣ쳣Ĵ׳  ʱ䣬ˮһ㣬סǰţ  ׵һһϦ֮BѾͻ˺üˣ˿  ʱ䣬һζ  ׾ѭһǱߣɮ붨һ㡣
ʮСѭʮ˴δѭ
һδεϴһδεĳˢ
ȫľѾ֮ǰսռʱҪ׳һ࣡  ĵһѾҪը˵һ㣬Ҫѿ
飡
Ȼĳһ̣һﱬѵŶо𣡣
B˿ǱߵĶ֮Ҳ̧ͷԶף
˿̵ףѾǱʵʵȫİסˣ  ໣
۾ȻһŭҪһ㣡
˵һ
ԭɷ׵ɫú˿ȥЩ豹һ㣡  ڽתȪ֮֮һҫ۽գ˸ҫ۵Ĺâ




820ͻƣ龳
 

ʦͻˡ
һĨϲоǣ״˿̵ͻƱԽԽѣ
ĵһʼıɽǿĴ֮һĸ֮ͲͬѰ  ȻͻûκεϰͻѶȴκһ˲
ʱ䣬ʹ徳۷ͻƵ龳ĳڣ  ţҿͻˣͻôôʱ䰡BƵ˵
ǺǣԽߣͻƵѶȻҲԽ󣡣ʦ籾ڳˣͻƵʱһЩҲǿģЦŵ
ǡʲô簡Bʵ
龳ڣ
Ŀ³˼֣һԵBѾЩĿɿڴĸо
龳
⼸־ƽؾһըĶԣŶ˸оһĲ˼飡
龳ļٵİBĭ
鿴˿B΢΢һЦ𣿡
ǣֻǾôᣬôô
Bʵ涼͸һɲŵɫ֪˼ǲƭģ  ˿ĵ𺳲˵Ըӣ
̶ʱ䣬ҲѾ۷ͻƵ徳ĳڲ𣿡鿴Ѿ徳ڵBҲݸһЦ
BʵԼǰʵͻƺһ·ˮǴߣ˿ûκεϰ
ÿÿԼͻƵĹؼʱ̣Ǻǳ˳  ǰģƺоһǷǳ˳  Ҳ൱֣B֪ǣһָŵĻԼܹͻƵ龳Ѿ൱ˣ  ҡԼţоһ㡭BһᵽԼľʱ˶һֱĸо
ȻоԼӵǿʵǲ֪Ϊʲô
ಣ
ѾǴȪ֮۵ķɱBҲ΢΢һЦչǷǳ˳İ
ЦŵȪ֮۵Ƿǳĳԣ˵ĿȥôĳӯԺԳΪһ˰
Ǻǣ⵹һԵİ취ʦܰһλؾ̫幬֮󣬿Ҫ鷳鷳˰
״˿ҲΪĲ徳Ϊ龳ǿߣ
һ˵һϵĿԽ
Ҳ֪Խ˵ͻƣʱԼ뿪ҲԽǿһ
ʼȻû⣬ôһͻƶܹͳһһЩɽ磬ҲûиӦǣ
ɽ磿
B׺ĶԻ˼ѾʼɽˣоԼǶһʱˡ
ЦŵBڽЩ鷳ǻǳȥȪ֮۱ĹŹоһ˵ɡ
һ׵ĻҲǺٺһЦʦ磬͵仰ˣ
˳ĵռ䣡  BѾ֮ǰǰɬڵ׺ȴҲоôĳˣ
ƯڿУ׿ԶǱߣӦĳ֮۷
ƴ֮ˣһǿߣҲµòĻӦϹʱɽĳλܡ
鿴Ҳǳüͷ˿Ҳ΢΢𣡣
ɽܣ˵ɽ֮˲·ô׳ʵ
ǺɷͨûпͨʱɽһЩܻܹĽġ
ȥһưɡ
׺һۣ˾ͳǵط۶ȥ  ֮Ӧþǰ治Զ󷨿ƺѣʵȴƽ⣡ƺŵǰоһ֮һЦ  ţʲô˼׿ӣҲЩɻʵ
û´ĻӦǵɽ糬׼ҵַ΢΢һЦ
׼ңרŸɽ׼ңЦʵ
Ӧ׼ַˣֻû뵽׼Ϊһ󷨣Īʲôɸ˵ܲɣ
Ȼ֪󷨣ǽȥ͵𣿡׿Цŵ
Ҳǣ׼棬Ҳ޿ʲô̫ǿĶͷϾ磬߼ɡ
B𾪿һһ˴ţĸо  ˵ѹһ㶼֪BȷӦòκһ˶֪˵Щʲôġ
ʲôɽ簡ʲô׼ҰʲôɽúǾɽ֮һ㣡




821±ɵ
 

֮ǰ
׺BѾۣ֮  ˿̣鲻ϵıԼƣһ״ĶѾǳ֮۲ϵĺȥ
ܿ죬֮۾ͳһѺۣ

һҲBûǵѺ֮Уʧ
ж죡  һۿʱȴǵĸǰٲȻһһ㣡
ǹ񹤰Ҳǲò̾һ׼ҵŪôطҲǾˣ  һԵüǰһ֮ţЩɻ˵ⶫôôأ

һƮѾǴԶɢ  ״˿̶оһͷƤ飬Ǹû뵽澹Ȼˣ
˭
׼ͬʱĳ˹ȥǴ˿̵Ѿһľκˣ
ϼһأ
ƺһ˿Ц⣬׺üͷѾĸˣ
ΪǵղŴķƺֱ
Ʈ𣡣  㵽˭ɫһ䣬˿ҲǱŷ˼ǿƣ  ǣСһﵽڻûͻƵɵۼЩ꿴ǰù˰
ǵƺ˺ϤԽԽϤĿǣЩסˣ  Զ׼죿
СӿûϷ򰡡
أ
һӰѾǳ׺˵ĸǰһԵBѾŵɫ԰ף
׵ãΪ˽ɽ磬ԼֵʱҲûκεĻң  Ȼһ֣ǾܹõɽĴУҲûʲôֵˣ
棬ԭû鿴һĳԾ  ʱ˲ã΢΢ҡͷ˿û뵽һ磬Ȼܹѣû뵽
棬⵽ô°
˿ҲǾκһ㣬׼浱Ѿɵۼǿߣ
û뵽Ȼ磬һĲ
쿴걾޽һɷͨҪΪ˷׼˽˲ţϾһ˲żüãǵɽҲкܶΪһ
һȷǷǳĹŹ֣ɽܶǿ֮˶ǳһ磡
û֮ǰ֪Ҳǽ˽ˣ
һ˲ŵȷǷǳĶ࣬ͱ֮ǰķʵĸ׷ɾϹʱڵ  ķѾǹΪɽȸһ峤һһ˻Ĳǣ
Ӳ˵ǱȱȽǣҲǷǳĶģ
׿˿ҲЩɻʵɷͨɷͨҲǿ޽
ԭǿ޽ģǺÿÿ飬˶һֱĸо  ɷͨûʲôʱͿռķ򣬼޽
һǿȴ޽ɷͨϾʵ̫̫ˡ
ȴ÷ǳֵãΪһ˲̫̫ˡ
׼ҵҲ׳־ҪΪɽ
ֻû뵽ɷͨո޽ɣһȴһλǿ߸ӡˣ
ԼͻƵ˶ɽٷľ磬ûеڶ·ͨɽ磡  ҲһЩԭҪ߽ݾˣʧȥɽĻᣡ  棬˼֮ʵͨɽɷͨˣ׿Цʵ
ȻһΪ飬¾޽һɷͨ  ɷֱͨͨɽ磿Щŵʵ
ߣʵҲ֪ƶ˿϶ǳɽĲΣп֮˿©ġϷĸξ³Ǹʱ֮ѾǷӡһ磬ϷȻǿᣬʱ䷨Ϳռ䷨ǰҲΪ
˵ޱȵҲԸ֪ĳλɵۼǿߣҲֻʣһƲл꣡
˼˵ɷͨûб֣֮׾ʵ
ҲϷΪĵط֮˲֪©Ǳԭ򣬷Ȼӡ򣬿ƫƫǸʱҵɷͨѾɹĺɽĳȡϵ
˵ʱҲһ˷ܣ  鿴̾һ棬ΪʲôԪ壬¿ʼɽأ
һҳطһӵʱ䣬¾һƲл궼ʧˣ
켴ΪɵۼǿߣʻҲһĨ־֮ɫ  ǿߣǼʶˣ
壬Ϊţξ³  ֻܹһƲл꣬ǿάֶѣ




822ĺ
 

ɷͨĿռ֮У
ıЩʹ࣬ЩŤ
˿̵ԼʧҲǻں޲
ҪȻҲǿԳɵǿ߰һξ³ܹأ  ׼棬һֱߣЩĿʵ
ҪȻô죿ǳҲȥһİ취ûУ˿̿żҲһΣ  ٺ٣ҵһ취
鿴죬һתҲ֪һﵽЩʲôأ  ʲô취С鰡ǺôҲʶˣһɵðϸҰ
˿̵ﻹɵ۵ӣֱһధ˼ң
׿飬ĿԣʵѾʼ  ʦ磬벻ҪҪһɵۼǿӰ
۾ôףȻҲ֪ڽڵʵҪ֪ڽʲôǲܵġ
ǵɵۼǿߵĻЩܵģ  һĿԶûˣǽеһ˿˿źúõأ
ҪȻĵԼһ˿ɻ궼˵Ļͳ׵ûϣˣ  ЩȵĿ˿飬ĵ˵׼ҵձˣôܣҪ֪ɵۼǿߣʦҲܰɣ
ǰȻǲ˰˵ձˣҪⶼܣڲһ˰Ŀ˿ס
ʵô£Сָǰɣ
쵱Ȼɵۼǿߣǵ갡һȻʶ˵Ŀ£ʵһһ˿л궼סˣ
ղ˵ѾǱ˷ӡ
ײ֪鵽Ҫʲôİ취һǸо֣  ҪܹձɵۼǿߵĻôܲԸأ  ǰʦɲҪˣҵҲи©ģǾҵĵռ䣡׼沢֪ҵĵռ䣬Ը
ٺһЦʵռã֮ǰûô˵
Ȼ֮ǰ˽һ£һҲûнܵô壡
ü˿һɵǿ߷ǵռ䣬ʱɽǡ
ٺ٣ʦ磬ǾҪĲ˰鿴˿ף
һеѡȨϣȻ׵ʦܣʵһѣ
ҲΪǸ·ҵģŸ׹ϵôĺã  飬͹ϵǷǳȷģܸӣ  ҲΪʲôͷεһԭ  ʱһ׼أҪǴһɵۼǿߣʱ򲻵ˣԼҲá
ҲȨףһɵۼǿ߶ջǷǳĴ󰡣
ҪǾô˵Ļľ̫ϧˣ
ٺ٣ֻܸ˵ȴȰ㣡һģĶ˵ĻԺȥɽԺ̾ͻа֮
ҲǴ꣬˵ĵȷ  Ϊ׼棬ȻλȨصģֻѣ  һΪǵˣʱ׼Ȼ˵Ūڹ֮Уһ֮ǿŪģ
ȥɽ磬ΪѵĿ¾ˣ  ˣ
ͷһᣬѾ̶ˣڽû˼ˣ
һɵۼǿߣԺǾԵս˲ŵɽǸǲģ
Ҳڹʺ˺òܹѵɵۣȥأ  ֻɹˣӵһλʵǿɵۼǿߣˣµʱпܾǱƸˣ
һģ  ȴҪһǧѷĺûᣡ
ٺ٣Ҿ֪ʦ϶ѡĵģֻҿԱ֤ԺԲڶΣ˵ʵҲǻ˼һ
ҲһĨȣһԵ춼Щˣ
С鰡㡭а취
߶ˣҪٹʮҵʱ䣬һľԼҲͳ׵װˣ  İ
һɵۼǿߣȻô  ⴫ȥ¶ñ˸Цɣ
氡ǵĹϵȻǲ˵ˡϾɵۼǿߣӦһ򡭡
鿴Ҳ΢΢һЦ
С飬ʲô˼ǻƽȮ۰
ߣ죬ڰǰ·ߣһ·ǻһ·ףھͿҪĻǡ
üͷ˶ٿ˿졣
ߣ˵ɣ
ʹ죡һĴȻʵҲףǾʦӣѪٺһЦ
㡭㵨豾
ؿЩĿ飬Ļǰ⼸Ѿˣ




823³
 

˿̸ܵһɾҵ֮ζ
Ϊǿߣʵû뵽ȻһҪΪ˵ˣ  ֱǿЦ
ôȥˣʵѾǱĨƽǣܿһεĳȥ
һεĻصɽ磬ҪȥԼĶӺǵ׻ǲǻţ
ڴ̫̫ˣ
һеĻʲôطɽ磬Ȼ긽֮ſ
ȻˣҪ۷˵ʲôرѵ飡
棬һΪҿ㵱ɵϣ㼴һСС߶Խһ˿ɻˣ⻹𣿡
鿴죬Ҳһ˿Ĳм  һҲǳ棬ĺˣǩѪҲȻ̤۷壡
㵱ȻҪ̤۷ˣһ˵ĴԺɵǰͿ𣿡
ԼܹӦΪҪԼɵϣ
ԸȥҲҪԼϣ
鿴Ǻǣ棬Ȼ֪ڵʲôʵֵȫûбҪ㿴ҸʦĹϵӦ֪ˡ
ǰ棡ʵȥɽҪĿľΪ˸ʦʦľ̫幬˼ұ㻹ңֱһ˿ɻ궼ɢˣ
Ҳ΢΢ҡͷ֪Ȱ˵һҪḶ́
棬ȷδΪǿսԶǵϱ
ǰĴӦԺ󼴱ǵɽ磬ҲҾ̫幬̫ϳϣλ磡ٴģΥģ񹲷ߣ
ǰһϵĿʵķ˵Լԣ  һ˷ĻпЦĿԣ߷ģǿǽѭġ
һʵܺ⣬ߵϱǴ˼ӳɵģ
һˣ
ʱ㵹ùҲͲԶˣֶ췢ĵһ˵ǲģ
ܹ
׵ĵһɽܹ  һϵӣһµǡǵʲô취
һΪ㣬һȴĺȥ鿴΢΢һЦ
ŶȻռ䣿Ȼ֪
˿һȽţѣȻȴû֪ʵѾǰĴڣ
棬һжᣡ
ߣСӶˣӦСӿ¶ܹҰɣȻǿЦ֪Եģ
һԼӳȥĻʱµùľˣ
ԼʵʱǵȻˡ
һʼǾԲͬǩѪģЩ׵Ļˡ
ֻҪϹȥĻʵıҪ
һһ㣬һϣǾͻɽıݣΪ  ʱʲôѪɶģͳͳˣ  ҪСʶȤĻǵˣ
ҪǲʶȤĻǵʱԼĳΪǿɾ͹ֲˣ  ô˵ǴӦˣ׵Ҳһļ
鿴ĬӣҲһĻȣ  ׵ʦ磬Ͻİɡ
䣡
ռһһ޵ӰѾǳ׵󣡣  ϣ  һĻֱӳϣͶ콻֯һ𣡣
ܿ죬֮Уһɫ·ѾǶ֮У  һʹ֮˿һεۿʱȴѪʽѾˣ  棬ˣ
һ֮ҲЩǸȻĿ˿죡
Ͼʲô£˼һõɵۼǿŪʵЩص
ˣ˵Ժҵˡ쵹һʶʱˡ
װڰֵ棬ҸղѾ˵ˣԺ󲻹ܵﶼǵǰûбҪôĿģôô
һҲѾǵˣ  ǵɽ磬Ҳûκ˸ɵ۾Ȼ˱˵ӣ
ҲΪʲôһֱԥԭ  ˣѳɶӣɷͨǴô죿
ɷͨɷܹͨͨɽ磿Щȷʵ
ͷ϶ܣⱾԱ֤һҪǵǣɷֻܹͨһΣͻᱻ֣ʱ϶ͻˡ
һ㹻ˣʱҷ֮ؾѡߣɽ֮ȫͨɷͨɽ磬ûʧһ˵ˣ
Ҳ֪֮ɽôĽ֮أ˭֪˭ȥʲôط  ҪɷͨĻǵʱǾܹͬһطˣ  ɷͨƼߣɵʱȴһö




824ٻ
 

ĵ㣡
֮ҲǸ˸Σ
ڵǹãһʱỹĲõʲô
ĵ֮ҪҵһԼʱһԼɻ뵽֮УһоͶˣ
ʱ򼴱ҲǸ֣ᷢΪʲôҪȥһԭʵҵһ壡
һԵBĿɿڴĿף  ղŵһĻĻЩˣ
ǣʲôɽһĸо˼飡  ѲԼΣ  BϣһΣƫƫȴ˵ʵ
һĸЩֽӴû뵽羹Ȼ˲Ϊ֪һ棡  ֱ˰  ״Bصܲȥģ˻
ֻһٻʱѾǷ̫̫飬ൽBԼоЩˣ  ָ磬˰ⶼȥʮˡۿ׺BʱҲһǵĿ׵
ʮ죿
Bһʮʱһû
ռ֮УԸоóʱķɿ죬˵ģʱ϶ˡ
BôҲ뵽ռ䣬ʱ䷨ʱһ°
Ըղһ˵ȥʮʱ˵𾪣
ôˣһԵ￴BҲЩɻʵ
Bҡҡͷûûʲôֻû뵽һʱȥô졭
Ҳ֪Bʲôܶ鲻һܹ͵ģ
Ҳ֪BкܶʣֻеȵԺٽˣ
һԼȻһϱ
ҸԼһô飬״˿̶BҲһֱĸо
һʼǴŮ˿ЦģɺһЩı˶Ů˵Ŀ  ǿƷ׼˵ϼʱһЩڻ׵ģ
ҲΪʲôôǿƵһԭ򣬼ȻԵ֣ôԸ⽫Եֽеף  ׿ۺٽܵ˵鷳ˣŵҲڹ鷳ˣϼ壬ȹһȥһˣB
BЩҲЩʲô£
ʱȴߣ˳Ҳ̽̽ϼϢʲôϢʱϵҾˣЦŵ
ۿ׵ָ磬Ҫߣ
ôˣСӻ£׿Ц
ָ磬ΪͽСһҪߣ
ǺǣΪͽȹһ˵ʱһ߾ˣ׿ۺ
һҲ֪Ǹɶģ˵ʵҲǽܲˣ  ǿôţӣ˵ɵĺôô࣬ҲȻĶ  ǿ˵˰Щĵ˵ɶѧУҴͲȥˣȥҲûɶ˼Ҹˣڶȴһӡ
ãСȴһӣҲܹһǵȫЦŵ
ڵBʵҲǷǳĲˣȫӦûκε⣡
ƺʲôŶˣָ磬֮ǰҰִ绰ġ˵ҸһȻͰѵ绰ˡ
֣£ЩĿ˿
ҡҡͷ˵ϼǱиʲôɣҪȻ绰
ţֱӴܲþˣЦŵȴŰɣֱϵҾͳɣ
Ȼȥ绰һתŲĹѾ˽  ĺô¾ˣ  ʱҪȥʲôطʱȥ  һζ֮УԭΪһЩĵ飬û뵽ջķᣡ  Լͻľ磬ҪȻõһɵۼǿߵĸ  δķչνǸֱøӵĿˣ
˵ǰΪûʲô̫ĵĻԼʵܱʵǿĽǿ  ˵ΪһߺʵҪģ
ȻˣҲҪԵ֣Ȼ츳ԽãĻָԽˣ
ϼţ  ⼸ϼŽй̹ĺͶ߶Ǵؽϼţ
ԼܹõһᣬһܹΪ̵Ļᣡ  Ҫ֪ϼŵḷ̌ǿ൱һɽ  Ϊãʹúܶ˴ͷΪ˼һϼŵгӪܼ죡
һϹϵĻǵʱһ̵׵ģ




825·ŭ֢һ
 

ϼţ  ׻صʱѾٽʮ֣˿̵ϼӦѾ°ˣ
еĹʱ䣬һ㶼ϢʱȽϵĶ̣  ΪصĽͨʮֵıϰʱһһЩ
Ȼˣ°ʱͬҲǱһĳһЩ  һСʱʱ䣬Ҫľܹѷ˾OKˣ
˵Էед¥һ㶼ǱһЩԵˡ
һ˵ٷ֮ʮϵİײ㣬綼ȥѡ
˼߹֮ĸȺǻȥĿԵߵĶ˳Ϣһ£
ֻǾΪҪ׬ǮҺڣǸ˵ģ  ߵϼܲǰĹ㳡֮ϣ׿һȺΧһεС磡
λС翴ȥӦҲǺܴһ˿˿ۣ
˿һʱ÷
һӿȥʮӣԱ߻վһޱȵŮˣŨױӳƺʢ  Բ𣬶ԲҲġ
ǸСһֱ֮ͣڵĳ˳ҲЩʧ룡
ײδ߽Ӧûʲô飡
СûײǰһĳҲ˵ˡ
ͷбŭ֢ҲǺ飡
˭ûиżأ  Ǹһû˵ֱȥ͸Сĳ͵һߣ
Ȼ׷Сֱ˦˼ӣ
ԭŵˣһӱΧߣ
Ҫ֪ϼѡιӦ̵ӣںܶ˵ǿɶǴ°
Ӧ̵ݣүү̶Ū
γһʡһĹӦ̱˺֮ܶĶ󣬶һһĹӦǶĺģ
ϼŵܲڳɾźܶ򸻺  ϻױƷѾǷȫǮ׬ģӡһܹϵ˵ٶȣ  ܳСBӣұӵĳһĸҸҽа壿
˵ƾޱȣܹĺˣȻҲʲôǵӣ  ϰ壬ҡûбĳ
ǸСŵɫһףԿóĺܺ£
֪ԼΪʲôᱻ򣬵±˴Լҿ˿ôõĳҶ֣  ͷˣһǮˣλС籾ܵϾѾһ  Ѿģ𡭡
ӶСһȭߣƸ  һվԱߵŮЦһ
ߣ쿴ӲѾġ
˵ţһȭߣСֻܹԼǱߣ
ȥʮֵ  ׻ĳ˹Լļűһ˵ţ  İԼ˰ȻˣҲøһЩ۲У  ׼ǰʱѾվ˳ˣ  ס֡
һȥʮͷӣŨüۣͷȥҲиһװˣ  ˿̣Ⱥ˳һҲָָ㣡
˵ʵЩ˼ȻܹϼŲ뾺꾭̵ʸ˵ʵģ
ʵܹôأͷ˭Ƕһ²һأ
סԣ໪үǹһȥһˣֱӽг˶Է֣ȥӦʶġ
úе˶˺òãǸ໪˳
СӸֱҵ֣ǲǣΪﲻúҾβ㡭
Ǹ쳣ţһﲱһĴӣ˵һǸˣ
ͬһطҿȥӦҲرĵ֣  ĻӦһˣ߶Ÿɣ
໪ǽ˼ϼŵܲʲôӣ˵ˣҿ˼ҺҲǹģ۸һʲô
˵໪໪һû뵽ѾжëǲǽҶЩ̫ʴ˰
໪ЦһҲǳ˱֮ɫ  ໪ɫһ䣬ͬΪúеˣȻ֪⽯úʲôĽɫ  úУҺǼ˵ĺż֮һǽú̿һ·
ĽѾڶֹˣȻú̿½ҲǿһЩ  ձȻҲһǮ˼ңɼʮڵڱ˵иô£  ú̿鲻ãҲҵתͣ
һǵϼţʵΪȡһҵת͵
ʵֹļ壬ܶļ嶼Ŀ׼ϼˡ




826ŵ
 

ϼܲǰĹ㳡֮ϣ  Χ۵ԽԽ࣬ͷֲ´˶ȥˣ  ľſʼ˶ǵȴţѾǽȥˡ
ʱһˣĸճ극û³ɢɢҲǺõġ
ҪиֿĻȻǸӵˣ
úУ
˵ĵһӡǳ˶һֽʮԽҰʱҲǺ䶯ȫ  طˣǼһϢ
⽯ȥҲˣֱͣư  ϵʿǲϵĴӣǸߵܳʱ޿̲˵ԼǮʵ  ʵϣ⽯Ǯ
໪ŽҲɫ΢䣬˵Ҹҹϵǲġ
ֻ໪Ҳһ  ໪ú̿Ŷ³ֵ˽ӣúҲʲôˡ
һӣ໪СһȻҲϼܴһ
ͲһˣǽҵճҲǽú̿Ψһļ̳ˡ
˵ǾʮǧˣͲ̸ҺҵĲ֮࣬Ĳ࣬ҲûκεĿɱԵģ  ٣ҪСһʶˣԽǶ£ǾԽһӣԵŮӣʵҲúˣ  ȻȥĴʧ㸾Ůܹ࣬˸ߵĸطȴҲһ˲
Ů˽¬£¬ͬҲǸú̿ҵģ
ú̿ҵȦӾô¬ҺͽΪܹǿһѡ  ¬ı²ߵһġ
໪ˣ¬£ǡ
໪໪үãϽӹһŲţ۾һɣŰĺܣ  㰡һԡ
໪ǸˣʵԭҲҪģʵ̲סվˡ
Ϊһ˽ӣʵЩײΪͬ飡  Ҫ֪ǰԼĸһʱ򣬼ҾҲǷǳƶֻԼĸԼ֮źһЩ
Ҫǿ໪ҲѡԼҵϻױƷǱ
ֻһ֮ŷ⾺ԭô׵һ飡
ӴӴӴһҵ˽ӣҲҸǼа壿ǿˣҪúУŲѾˣ
¬µĻһ˿˿Ĳмͳ֮⣬Ŷоǻðɣ  ¸үϴ
Ѿڴ໪һεתС磡
ôΧۣƺҲ˷ˣԽ˱QԽʵ  úҵҲǹŵģϾǽа
ǰҲ֪һ㣬˭˼Ǯأ
˵⽯֮ǰڸϿǰʮкüٸڵۡ
ɲզΣһҲԺȣӦǴСɵİɣ
úеĴȨûˣ⽯ʵۺ񣬶ϼſصľʵǿˣ
һ֮úҲȫǰʮĳУ
ǳǿһúеĴȨҲͦ˵ģ  ȫһ߳еĴȨǷǳģ  һ߳еĴȨѾǱҺͻƼҸˣֻܹܶ˶߳УһЩȽϷ߳ˡ
ʵԭ˼ҪԲģܿıˣ  ׾Լ׬Ǯֻһ棬ҲǴһЩҵͲҵķչ  ıȫԲĻǽʧȥ壡  ο˼ǹɶСѾ׬Ĺˣܲʲô¶СӸռ˰ɣ
򲻹Ҫ㻹ĻŲӴȣ
ָָ㣬ɲں
úеʱ˵ţڽøúûκε𣡣  žҪ޼ޣ
ǽ磬úһ仰ܹһ˵  ⽭ȻǲԻ֮أ ֻҪǮһģ
СԼһı  ໪С磬ҲЩɫͺĿСվҺ棬ҵҪô
ûлͷ  ໪ԭΪԼĺǳ⣬ֹܹΪ  ʵˣ⽯ԼУһԼ
Ȼ֪ͻ֮٣Ϊһˣ˿ҲֻӲͷƤˣ  ໪Լҵģ
ֱӳ໪ķ˹ȥгһı䣡  һСС˽ӣȻҸԼôٹȥ˰ɣ




827½٣Բа
 

ͻ𣡣  ܶ˶ˣΪǸλڳط
ܶŹҲûʲôϵɴСǿɲɣ  һϼŵģкܶ඼Ǹ幫˾Ĵ  ּż̳˹Ĳ࣬ϾֻȨֲμʲôû  һҪòôʦڵģǱЦ
ŵģžԵŵģ  ԣһɳǵļ̳ǰΪľһս
ǲҪúеĴȨʡĴȨǶҪ£  ϻױƷҲǴˣһ׬ʮûκġ
ȻǰͶЩ󣬿رҲ൱ĸߵģ  Ϊˣܶ˲֮͵ĸϵߣΪľܹõȨ
ϻױƷľȨҲҪϼŵɫģǮеġ
ֻǮʵۺһ»ûʲô⣡  ϼŹ涨һ㵱صľȨֻصҵ߼壡
Ҳ˵ҪúĴȨĻú
ֹ涨úʵǿҵҲһΣ⵹һЩСеļ延ȸԾ  
ɲ߶ʮһֱһȭк໪ϣ
໪ƸŸɣĲ̫Ҵһ
ҪĶһʱ򲻵ǽҲŹԼ¾ҵЩҲҪԼЦģ  䣡
໪Ҫ׼ܣɾʱһӰӹԼǰ
ֱӳŽķ˳ȥͬʱһȭͷײѾǴ뵽˵ĶУ  ž۰
໡
ǰһ̻ɱķһѾʹԼӣڵϹȥ
һǿҵʹϮȫ˿һԵ˶ǿͻȻӺðˣ  㡭ҴϹ¬һ֮ˣҲŵЩʧɫ
Ҫ֪ǿźһѹҲҶԼ֣
Ͼֳܹˣĸûеʵأ
û뵽ԼϹûд໪Ȼͱ˸ˣһӸվ
ѲֻˣͲҲ
׵Ӱ˵ĸǰ˵󣬿ںܶ˵Ķжһ𺳣  лл
໪һ׳֣Ҳǹֵ
׿˿໪ҡҡͷҲǵΪ˰㣬ֻһе̫ˣ
㡭Ǹҵš¬һԼϹڵϺߺģʵҲЩһ  ϾǸŮˣֺģҲһĺ£  ҪһִֶԼôأ
۸˭ϲⱻ۸¾ûϲˣ  ׳ڵϵĽ˹ȥ˿̵ĽͻһȭЩ±ˣ  ʹ࣬϶ЩŤˣ
˹ȥǿ֧Լ˵ϣ׳㡭ʲô
ʲôղСô£ҽҩܵɣ׿ŽЦһ
ҡҲҪˡ
ǸСһ׾Ȼ˵ҪҽҩѣҲһ
С粻ǸʵˣĺΪЩЩǮˣ  ʱԼôĶ֪أ  ȻҲǷǳĲʣôأϾֻһͨͨϰգ
ֻ򹤵ģҪǵЩ˵ĻԺڽô찡
ҽҩѣߣûţСӸҵţСû˸Ҵүء
˿̻ҪӵģȻˣô˸֪Լݣ
Ҫ֪ԼݵĻʱ¾Ͳôˣ  ž
׵һ˦˹ȥ  Ž΢΢һЦղ˵ɶү
үҪ˵  һ׵һε˦һӣ  ǰɣԲа
ǻѹһﰡкȥǽˣ
Ƕôʶ  ʱƺҲôɹڽȴ˸ôˣİ  󡭡磬ҡԣдһ˿Թ  һԵ໪ǴɱķӣʵҲһĵǣ
⽯һر˰ǰ˿ʲôͷ  ׵ѵֵܣһͷСŵ㡭
û£İڰ֣ȻתͷһεĿŽڿ̸һ̸ҽҩѵ˰ɣ
㡭˵ԣ֪Լſ±СӸˣ
΢΢ͷôʶȤͦõ˼ҴӣҿŪһˡ




828¼С
 


׵һ仰˶Ϊ֮Ŀ  թҲ̫һɣһԵС綼Щɵˣ  ԼⱲӿ¶׬ЩǮ  ٴҪܹĻҲţĲвˣ
Ǯ
Աߣ¬һҪͲˣ  ໪һҲЩԾĿףһ˵Ҳ̫ţһɣ
֪⽯ǮǴ˸ˣҲ̫һЩ
ǺǣŮ˲̫ͬҵ˵
һεĶ¿˿˿̵ĽѾЩ׸Ƶĸоˡ
̵̸磡
ȻúһţˣƱǿ˼ҾҪԼҲûа취
ӱʮ겻أھҪĽ飡  ԼָʱСӺÿġ
Ϲ۸ˡ¬ЩۣȻҲںЩǮǱһ˵ô˵թܸأ
¬µӣЩһ鲻㱻㲻ǰɣ
ž
Ҳֱ֪վ¬¾һƣ  ¬ðǣ֪ںηˣ
ϽӰѺ򿪣Ǯŭһ¬ƺǱıŰŵˣ
ϽóԿףȻӺóһصĴӣԼŶоһĳ  ⡭Ӧù˰ɣףһĨ֮ɫ
ôţ׿ŽЦһ
ⲻСʹѣҪСӲʶĻǿɾ͹ֲˣ
ûûСһסԼеĻ׵֪λֵܹա
֣׿Žұ𣿡
ûûУŭӿĲҸһˣ򰡣  ΢΢һЦұҲûйϵҾϼŵˣʱ㣡
ֵܣȱȣ
໪һ˵ţȻʶˣ˼ұϾǰԼġ
⽯һѲǼʵǺӴģ  һˣԺǸƤҩһ
ţĻԺҪùġ
οӽоͿԿóһǲưոݵģ
Һȿȣתͷ˿໪ȵһ¡
ǸС˿̿ףסԼĭ֮лͦм׵ģ  ˼ҲԼͷˣԼҪҽҩѣ  ȻҲ֪ôҽҩѣ˼ҲܸԼģɾͳ˼ҰԼԼҲӦǸл˼ҵġ
磬ллл㡭
ǸС绹ʺİӡϣ
׿СЦŵֵܣǿȥҲ󣬽¼ȻˣôҲһ۸ǲǣ
ǡ
СҲ֪Ӧ˵ɶˣ˵ʲôҲֻߵͷˡ
װǵϵǮȻСĦгϵǮŰɣ
ҲҪ˵ˣǮСŵøϽڰ֡
ϲǮʵǮ̫һЩ
׿СֵܣӦõõġ˭أŰɣϽߣһһﶢɾͲˡ
Ҳǻһ˵СǮˣ
ǮҲԼģ˵ˣ˾ӦóǮƣ  Ҳ֪һǮ·ѪԼоһ
˿ڿС磬ѾǼЩ״ˣ
Լĵù͸ˣ˼ҴĲ֨Ҳˣ  пһٴͰװˣ
û뵽ԼȻֽˣҪ֪ǿ򰡣  ޱȵļ  λС粻סĸ׺໪лԿóӶһĲ֮С
žž  һҵҲ֪˭ͷ𣡣  Ȼܶ˿߽һͷģټĺܣ
һѪܶҲһĳ죡  ֻǽ¬£ɫѾǳ׵  ¬³ҽȥ
¬¸ղűһƸʵ˺ܶ࣬ϾһǹΪ˽ĴȨ  Ȼ⽯ͷܹ࣬ߣ
Ҫ֪ԼĸǶڵߵϢأ  ׺໪ŶĿȹ˹ȥԭҪ໪Լİ칫ҵġ
໪˵飬Ҳ͸໪ȥ˶ϵ
׺໪ȥıӰ¬³໪һλȥ֮һҪ֮أӴ
ϹǸղŴǸСôˣ¬һĵĿŽ
ǽҲʶˣЩƵ˵
¬¿Ž汿Ҹڽ˾ô˵ʶһͦģ
˭ƺôϤ̧ͷʵ
¬ڽĶֹ˼ֵǰţİ֮һҲǸң
ңʶҵˣ˵ֻҪܸұ𣬻ǮСϵ硭ߣҲƺҵһй




829²ϣ໪
 

ϵȵ꣡
һƧλ໪˴Ĵָ  Цŵֵܣҷ㣬ţ
ǺǣֻЩǷѣҲô˾վˡ
׿˿໪ҲЦ
໪ڰֵҸ㲻һʶ⽯úӵܣ
׿˿໪ҸղſˣóҲ
໪Цŵǰɣֵܣɶ
֣һ֡׿໪Цŵ
秵ģǺǣҽ໪úˣ໪ͳһƬݸЦŵ
ú໪ó޹˾ܾ໪׿ҲЦŵᣬǰ;
໪ʼ˵ʵֻǿżſ˾
һǡ׿໪Щ֪ʵʵ
໪ʼܲϻױƷúĴȨ
˵ϻױƷΧżܸߵİɣ׿໪Цŵ
żԼģһʡһĴǿʮڣ
һĴʱûоƶ  ֮һĿʼϼŶڴ̵Ŀƾͻĸˣ  ʡһĴֻзƷĻƣҪһĴ̲ܣ
໪˭˵أѹܴ󰡣SXʡľ̾ʽ㿴һʡȻٶҵô°SXʡҲʮа
ȷͦģÿӵнʮҵľӲ˵Ҳһ°Цŵ
ǰֻǲ֪ѡεı׼ʲôΪǮĻֱӾ۲Ǯߵá໪Ƶ˵
΢΢ҡͷϼŵı׼һ֪һЩģȻôҵʵһƫľӪҵ
Ӫҵô֪ģô˵ҵˣһҪٲٵľְ໪ȼһ˿ϣ
ƺǰ˺ϼŻһЩоģ  ϼŵĹһĨڣ֪ı׼ʲô
ʵϼĵı׼ǿһҵƷĻòģʱӦҲһ˰ɣ
׿໪Цŵ׵ʱԶµģ
ʵãǵĸ󣬼ȻܹߵˣܹõóӦǮƳ  Ǻܶ˶ϼŵı׼ĸ߲֪֮⣬˶ǲ֪ģ
ƣôܣǺܲ۵һ
໪ҲסˣЩ˵
䲻ۣȴҪһ׿໪Цʵ
໪׵ܣô֪ϼŵı׼ģĪԱ
Ǻǣܲ¶ˣһˣЦŵղǼһڹ˾ſڴˣΪϼŵһԱôܹأ
ֲأ໪ЦŵܰһΪɶϼôشأͷƵҵʵǺܶ࡭
ô׿˿໪Цʵ
ܣ˵ҵأǰһϣСѧģǺܴͶҲޣһҲͻʮӣ
໪ҲЩ˼һʮĴƵȷЩˣ
׿໪ܱȲҪǿһЩǰɣ
ǰϾǮҵģղӦҲ˰ɣʵҲҵһ˽Ӷѡ໪ЩԳ˵
ֺ΢΢һЦԺǻҪϢأ
ôװͷ׬ǮǺѵġú̿һ첻һ죬ҲڻѰ·໪̾һ
Цŵע߷ֿƴעҲǺҪġ
׵Ļָͨ໪죬о˻ǲһˣ  ʵνĴȨоȨ˾һˣǾף
һǮҪֻҪҪĳ˵Ļǻһ仰飿  ϼŶģ  ໪һӣ˿ֱϻױƷľҪʼˣҵȥμһ£ɣܣԵ֣ҪȻ룿Է
Ǻǣҵĺ룡ױһ໪ȻҪʡһĴⷹ϶ҪԵģ
ʡһĴܣ۾ͲˣܹһĴѾǰӷˣ
໪һȻΪЩ٩ˣ
һ໪ߣľΪѣ
Ҫ֪ú̿һ첻һ죬ʱԼҪҵȥĻǼֱǮЦˡ
ϻױƷĻ𱬳̶ȣ໪ָƵģ  ˵ϻױƷļ̣ԥҲûԥһ£ֱ˽
ֻǵ˽֪⾺ôļң
ʱ˵ҪԼʡһĴⲻǳɶ  ໪ԼһǴͶѣκεϣ  ţ׿໪Цŵ
ܣͲҪЦˣ໪ε˵ʵҲ֪ԼĻ᲻󣬶һε˽ȥ֮¾ҲԶˡ
Цŵһ
һȥ໪Ҵҵȥ˰̨ȻǮ֮װڰ֣Ȼǰ˶ϼţ




830¶³ָʾ
 

ϼŴͻڣ  ˿SXʡĸҵĵĵȴϼŵĸ߲ĵ  һһȷʮʡһĴһһĴʮ  ٶҵʮջ൱Ľŵģ  ֮ǰϢҲǺܿĴ뵽ڶҵͼ˵У  ໪ҵ˽ӣ˿̿ѾûκεĻᣡ
ǽ˸ˣǺܶ˿λҵĴ٣ǰкģ
ƣΪ漰ǽú̿δĲҵתͣҲԼĸ׽ԼһҪ  ˣӻҪ˵ĸǰǶ˶ˣ  ߣܶƼǱߣ
ΪSXʡ׸һʡĴ̣ܶΪѾǽ֮ˡ
ʵһαʡһĴֻҵǹҵ
ҹҵʵϸҲûа취ұȣΪ˽ӪҵֳҲǲҪǵġ
ҵÿһεۣǶҪϸģ
ԣܶѾǰʼϲˣ
٣һҪǰϲ˰
ǰ٣໪˽ӾȻҪֱ
٣һλȥ֮һ仰£СӳԲ˶ߣ
໪ȻҴ٣ڽʶһЩˣҪҪҰæ
£һȺѾΧŽεӣ˿Ŷһܲˣ
ƣЩһȫ֮  ǰǼˣղԼʱͿ⼸˶Ⱥ֮пֵģ  ھȻԼĸǰƨԺҪʡһĴ̵Ļʱܸǹ100ݵĻҲֻǹ50ݵĻ
˭֪ϻױƷһεĲƷ
ԴԽǳ㣬ʱ׬ǮԽ࣬Ӳ  Ҳ˿һߵ໪Ա壡  Ȼ໪һβֻúеĴȨû˿һ
ҵ˶֪ģ໪ҲǸ˶ú̿ŵĶ³ָ໪һڣ  һһעһ˾һվͱŽϼˣ  ֻһھҪúĴȨֱΰ  
ҵȴŴˣһѾǽ˻ң
Ϊ׵һȻϼŵܲռܲϼŵгӪܼ죡  ռܲУǶǸ߸ϵĴڰ  ֻҪǳϯֻǱ»˵֣  ǵĳֱԤƵʱ˶ʮӣЩȴһ㶼֨ռܲ˵ĵ  ˶ˣ
ռܲĳǾˣ˭Ҳû뵽һ˴ļţȻһƯŮܲã  ȻӭλܹĵϼŲμӴ˴εľ꣡ռܲվ̨ϣׯ󷽣
Цŵܲãɣ涼ϰµġ
Ҳȷʱ˵ǶǼٵģ  ҪľһҲֻн䶨ˣҲ˼ףˣ
һԵ쿴˵תһֶ³ָʾ
ָʾ
ҲһĿ죬⾺᲻Ƕõôָʾ  ҲһĺɣϾ˭Ҳ֪Ҫ˵ʲô
쿴ЦŵŶ³ָʾSXʡֻһSXʡʡ̣
ܼ࣬ǿЦɣ֮һƬ֮ɫȻǾϼЩˣˣ  Ҳʼ˼λǶ³ľҲ޷ģҲ̫ģеһĴ̶ǿȷȨ⣬λʡһĴ
ɣϼŲ˵һϵĴ̶Ƕ֮ҲЩɧ  ܶѾʼŽķ˹ȥҪһĴ̵ľȨĻôԺȨɾʹˣ
ýֺͷ붼ܹĳ
ϼһʼĳԿ¾Ϊ˲ʡһĴȨڼУ
˵ˣǶ³ָʾSXʡ쳯˵SXʡһĴ̻ʡһĴ̲þȷ
ܼ࣬ȻĻǲ֪ϼŶʡһĴǲѡأºܶ˶ǿʵ
¬´˿쳣ļҪ֪ú̿SXʡӰǾ޴ģ
Ǿʵ棬Ҷŵƣ  ֮ǰѾͨϼгĳˣλгȻ֪ĵı׼ʲôȴ֪һ¹ҵǾӪҵģ
ͽҾģҹҵ⽯Ҽǰٷ֮ٵܹõһεʡһĴ  ΪʲôҲҪμӣΪѾ֪ԼܿͻΪ
໪ȻҲ֪ģҵ̫ˣ
ֻû뵽һһĴ̶ҪʡһĶˣԭһ˿˿ϣ
ԼܹһһĴ̣ϾúҲһЩӰģ  ڿһϣûˣ  뵽ߣ໪ҲһĻ䣬֪Ժúпǻزȥˣ  ˽϶ûӹˣ
ŽԼ߿Ҳһ̾  쿴ЦŵȻҶ˵ΣǾϼռܲܲΪҽ𰸰ɣһӭ
£𣡣
Ѿ˿ʼǰؽˣҲǳ˹֣һڱصõӣ  ռܲȻʶ˭˭һοԶģֻһ
ռܲSXʡϻױƷĴǡ
µ˶ס˺ǵ۾һգգĶ̨ϵռܲ




831ʵ
 

Ϣ  һǹغSXʡϻױƷгĴ󵰸⣬ʵ˭Ҫõһ鵰أ
ϼͻȻı˴̵ߣúܶ˴ֲ  ȴҲúܶ˿ʼϾҶSXʡϻģ̧ͷͷģ˭е˲ǣ  ϼǻǲʶʲôˣֻܹƽƾ
ҪʡһĴȷһĴ̵ĻôȫԷȺҹϵˣ  ˿ʵҪǿöأ  ռܲ˵ӣú໪ó޹˾
ʲôⰡʲô໪ó޹˾
ʲôʲӵ໪ó޹˾ѹҲû
ɲզΣ˭Ұôţ棿
ҲǴĸʯͷQİư
һΪǽú̿أģղŵƨ˰
һռֵܲʱ򣬶һ±ӣ  ʵЩƵĲаǾȻһˣ˿ƺѰʲô໪ó޹˾ļҵģ  ໪˿̱Щ˻Ҫ±ƣ
໪ó޹˾⼸ֵʱһ˲оԼѪӿɫǺ죡  Լˣ֪Լûģ
໪ó޹˾ԼոճһĹ˾ûʲô֪
˭ȥһСС˽ȥʲôأ
˵ˣڳһó˾ʵ̫ˣĿǰҵߣֻҪһǮܹעһ˾
ټ˾ӪƷע⣬̫ͨ  Ըû֪һ໪ó޹˾໪ģ
ֻôҲû뵽ԼȻõϼŵѲ˵ϼſصƵģ  ҪģЩˣΪƵĿ϶ǲֹԼһҵģ
ֻ໪ڼ֮ʣռܲһεЦŵú໪ó޹˾̨ܾһӭ
£һҵ𣡣
ռܲһԵҲ΢ЦʵҲ൱ƣ
֮ǰصذ˽йȥԭǻΪֻǽһЩ飡  û뵽ֶ³ֱӾһSXʡĴȨ⣬ָյҪ໪ΪʡһĴ
ҪǣSXʡĴÿ⣡  һͷˮĿףԶΪ
ҪǶ³ѵĻǿɾͲһˣ  Ħ⣬Ҫ飡
ռܲʱҲûֱף׵ĻҲֱİˣ
Ȼ֪׵ʲôɣѡף
ףǲ໪⡭
ǰ໪ó޹˾СӰɣ
ȥһ˽ӣôôðֱǲ˼鰡
ú̿ŽҪˣһʡĴȨҿ˵һʡĴȨֵڰ
£ԭ໪֮Щˣ˿̶ǶЦӭȥ  ˿оԼղŵֶһͻأΪ
ǽͷݣ
ʵ̫ʲˣ  ¬棬ԭվһԭΪ֮˵Ļ  һжûϷˣ
ýܲ˵ģȻ໪˽ӶʡһĴ̣ˣ  ǻĴ  ôһ¬µӶɳˣʰ  ؿЩ˵⡭ϼǲϹ˰
ǡô죿¬ʵ
𣡣
Ŀ⿴໪һŭݣһҪĶ󲢲  ȥ˭𰡣¬Ƶ˵ղСӶ֪ʲôطȥˡ
ߣܵ˺ܲǼһﲻԳϼϰǾȣȥʲôطӷŪСӲɡ
ûоԼ۸һСʲôԾĵط
һƽ飬˴ˣ;òˡ
ΪԼǮѣ;Լݸһˣ  ھϵҸ磬֮ǰҸ˵ˣøҴء¬µҲǳ˶ɫͲʣ
໪˿Ѿվ̨ϣ緢ýֱţ  ֱ˹ȥгԹ֮ɫ  ܹɱ˵Ļڵ໪Ѿ֪˶ٴˡ
໪Щجج̨˵˼лĻ˿ĴԻһƬĿհ֮ɫ  ռܲ໪Щ״ΣҲЦŵΪ˸лλĵϼžڻ̩λҴ˾߲Զĸλӷ硭
ллܲãһȻǻȴҲЦ
һܹ໪Ӵˣ˵ǰһĻôһӵɱȨˣ
ռܲ໪³Ҫܣ




832ռܲС
 

ϼŵĴ֮ڣһ˵ȶǰȥ໪֣
˵ʵ໪ӽҵڣһֱ˴
ܹΪSXʡôͷļҵĴǵһΣ  ЩӦˣô˹Լ֣Ҳһһĸ֣  ֪˲ǳԼģǳϻױƷġ
ӵȾȨ֮
ԺSXʡĵλ¾վˣ  Ȼˣ໪ҵĵλҲֱˣΪ໪ó޹˾ķ໪ˣ
ʵûκεĹϵҪ໪Ҳÿ໪ɫ  ˵һʡ̵ʸȫȫľ͸ı໪ˣ  ѾΪSXʡ̽Ϊֿȵһˣ  ϼţ³칫ң
״˿Լİ칫棬ʵһػ֮ǰ绰ԼҲΪ˴̵飡
ϾǵһĴļⶭ³ڱϾ̫ã  ׸ŻˣҪΪ֮ǰĻ⽯ú̿źпܳΪʡһĴ̣  Ϊ׸˽ţҽú̿żҴҵ󣬿ȥҲεģ  ֻ⽯Լֵܹ˭أ  һһСһʶе֣
׶ڽһӿ˺ܶ࣡  ˫дܹһ£˼СǸʱ׬ǮĻ  ˼п֮ĳһ£³˼һٱ  ֱåо  Ϊʲôʱ֣һΪһΪҲΪһϼŵܲǰ֣  ໪˵ģڴʱ䣬ĵصȴ׺Ȼ֮
ʱ໪ûվվĻԵͻڱ˵ˡ
Щʱ˵Ҳס  ໪ˣȻ˵ˣҲ൱ţˣ  ˣ
׵İ칫һ
ռܲ˽Цŵ³Ҵˡ
ţɣ׵󣬴˿̿˵ռܲҲЩĸо  ׸оԼһɶɷЩʢĸо
Ǻɶ֮ȷգ  ռܲ׿ҲЩɫЩֵĿ׵ôҰ
׸ղһ˲ҲЩЩεĺٺһЦ
ռܲ׵ˣиҪ鷳һ¡
һ̸ʲô鷳鷳İ׿ռܲЦŵ
ռܲʼϲҪSXʡĴָյȥһ£ֻȥˣһСС󣬲֪³ܴܲӦ
ССôˣΪȥμ㲻ҪҹȥɣЦʵ
Ӧ꣬ҲЩ̫ϲȥμӣǽ˱ȽϵĺһЩ
ռܲһ֪㲻ȥμӣȥ˰ֻܰû˽ˣ롭
ܰ£Цŵȥμᣬȥܰ²ˣ
ȥұҸ˹ȥأû뵽Ҫͷ³Ĵݡ
ռܲҲǰ뿪Ц˵ʵȥĲأ
ҪܹȥĻ̫ˣ  ռܲҲЩ˽ĵģԼŮǳĹɣҲжӣ
ΪԼԼŮĪĺøУ  һҲǳҪ壬ռܲһƣ  ᣬռܲľԼȥμᣬ״ԼŮȥһʲôģ  ʲôͷͷģһôҲһûмܰˣ£ȥ桭Цŵ
ðɣҲˣռܲЦŵȥ໪ɣ
š׵ͷ
໪ռܲȥһӶûгҲϰµġ
˵֪ΪʲôѡԼ  ϼҲ̫һ㣬ûͨģ  ʵ˵ĻʱӦǻ뵽ˣΪһеĸԴƺΪ׵ˣ
໪ѹҲûطȥ룬Ϊʲô  Ϊʵ̫ˣЩˣôܻϼŵĸ߲أ
һŵĸ߲㣬ǿɶϰʮͷӰ  ܲá
໪ռ̹֮ܲ
ռܲЦŵܣ˼ղ³̸˵鵢һ£³ȥ
ллܲã
໪ռܲҲһԼ¹ڣϼŵĶ³ǿһﰡ
ˣ໪ܲ
ĳ׵İ칫˹ȥԺһֱ˼θ˼Ҵк




833´໪
 

ˣ  ׵İ칫ʵѾǸ֪໪һЩִٵӣ׻ĵһЦ

Ƶ໪һƿţ
סˣ  ໪һ̳׵Ĵסˣ  һﲻǸոոԼȿȵôôڶ³İ칫棿  һﾹȻϼŵĶ³
ţʵ̫ˣ
໪ھǷǳĿţⲻϳ  ߣϼӦһͷ³ôĶ³ʵЩо˼飡
ܣվſڲô˼ǲûгӭӰ
׿໪Ҳվ໪ЦЦ
໪ӭȥֺ׽һֶǰƭĺòҰ
𣿹˱˻ǰɣЦҾ˵ܹõʡһĴɣǲţ
ҡҪ֪ϼŵĶ³Ļ˵ʲôҲŰ
໪һļôҲû뵽ԼĹʺ˾Ȼôĺá
ϼôƫƫԼ˼ҵĶ³  ˼Ҷ³Լһܣ⽯ûеõϻױƷʡһĴȨҲ֮еˡ
˼Ҷ³ҪΪ˼ҵĴ
ⲻЦ鰡
׿໪ܰ˵ɣ
ֶ룬ллܶҵĹֺ֧ΰһṼܶҵ
໪ʵҲ֪˼ҼȻԼԼˣǾ͵Լϧˣ  Ȼ׽Ӵʱ̣ܶȴ֪Ķ³һܽԭˡ
ͳŽ۸ǸС磬ͿԿˡ
˼ֶһе꣬ӦǷǳа֮ġ
׿˿໪Цŵʵԭչ˾ƶȣǲӦòġȻҲˣҲϣܹûбҪ󣬾ϣܹһЩҪ˾ˡ
ֶ֪֮ǰ˵ĺľҲһֱУϻױƷ׬Ǯǳ飬ҵһֵס໪
ǰҵһһϦĹϣʡܹˣôҲȥܣֻϣصSXʡ֮󣬲Ҫʧ
һΰ໪ʵΪôô
޴ǰһ¶ǱȽϵ͵ģһκ˶
ϣ໪Ҳ
໪׵ֶģұͲҵĴҵȴһֱǳĺãһĻжŬĻرģ
ǺǣҲǲ㣬һҷΪʵĻȨҿ¾Ҫûˣ
ľˣһȨգȫ໪ĵλпܾͻһǧɣ
໪ݺݵĵͷֶ³ģһпҵжɣ
׵ͷһϻо۲ͣеͲȥˣԺпҿ϶ҲȥSXʡǱ߿ϣܹӪĺһЩ
ӭֶ³ȥSXʡݰָ
໪Ҳһƨ˦˹ȥ߶ʱ䲢Ǻܳ  Ͼ໪֮ĽҲûô  ˵ÿһλصϼţҪǩļǷǳĶģҪֵҲ٣  ໪飬һżȻ¼
Լ໪֮Ҳ̫ĽѴȨˣҲǱȽϵķĵģ  ֮ǰгӪܼ۵ʱҲǽרųһг  гҪĿģǸض飬άг򣡣
Щ淶ӪĴ̣ʱȡʸгǶġ
һǾͷһ
Ϣ
ֻҪиĻʱЩҲͣˡ
ΪܹܶӵĻʱӣʵʵ׬Ǯ
ϼһǿַһմ̣ʵϾǸ˸˻ҵһᣡ  ҲˣԼڸؽϵͳҲǺ׵һ飡  һСʱʱ䣬׼ǩļĹжȹġ
ռܲҵǺܶģ׵ٶҲ൱Ŀ죬԰ЧʻǺܸߣ
ȻˣҪĻΪռܲˣùǩĶ϶ǲġ
ֿ̧˿ʱ䣬һѾĵˣҲⲽ뿪ϼŵܲ  ռܲȥһܰ£ȻǸС񣬿Ҳܲȥɣ
Ҫ֪ܰ¿ռܲӣ




834ʦ
 

л׶԰  ׶԰ǽйģʩȫҲѽһ׶԰
ܹѧСѧ֮⣬ܶ˶ƴϵġ
ȻˣϵҲǳ
׶԰ΪλõԽԺʦıϣΪ˺ܶҳ׷Ķ󣡣  ܰ£Ͷ׶԰˵ʵǷǳѵģ  ʱռܲȷʶһЩ쵼ʱҲүү̺ײ  ˿̣׶԰࣡
ܰºһСкڱʦѵţѵҪ󲢷ǸСкܰ£
ܰ£ϽܵǸ
˵Ǵʦ֮һ责˿̵Ҳǰܰ¡
һԵһʦãҲʦ֮һ  ʣµһʦѧѾ߳˽ʦֳλʦµҪĿľΪ˴飡
ʦҵģܰµȦͨ죬ȥҲǸոտ޹
һԵǸܵСȥҲǱȽϵңӶѪˣ
㻹ˣ
һҲһЩӸǲļһ
ҲֻܹЩСļҳˣʶĶһЩúһЩļҳ
ЩҳԼ¸ڣҲǵòʧ  ʦҿʲô˵ɡ
ÿҲǵϾС֮ìʵҲǺġ
ʦܰ´˾ǲԣһ˼ҼҳԼСӱ򣬵ùĿǣ
贲ҳеΣܵıӶѪˣһ˼Ҽҳ֪ôզأ  óܰµܰ£ߺʦôһ£
ˣҾһ£ҪңȻÿԼײ˺ϵģ
ܰ˵꣬ҲίĿ
̾һʦ㿴⡭
ʦʲô˼˼ҵĴвˣһܵļҳҪȻǽͣ
ɫΪѿ˵Ȼ֪ԣ  ܵĸĸɲʲôͨɫѧģǶʲôͨĽɫ
ܵĸ״ѣǿǽϼŵܲð
ϼţһ˼ԼҵĹ˾ϼűڽ൱ĳ
˼ҿزģͷزûǮ  Щͨʦܹ
෴ģܰ¿Ǹ׼ͥĸ׺ĸˡ
ȻҲòܰµĸ׵ȷǳĲĸҲһ˽Ӫҵѣ  ˽ӪҵְҵǿǾԼģʵ˵˾Сģ
ٴܹȵ˼ҴϼŵĴܲ  Ȩ຦ȡᣡ
˭ֻҪǸ˶Ӧöģ
֪ܲ贵뷨ǵʦǿʦС֮ﻹûеìأܰ£ȻҪˣȴԼײϣ˵˵˼СôȥǸ
ʦʲôĲõĵطУ˰ɣҲùܡ
˳Ÿˣõʱ;ˣô˼
ԭ贾İΣúһλʦֻ˵Ǹѧ
ӣ˵Լһ˶Դܵļҳ  ʵѲɲ֪Ѱ
ֻһСļֵۣɲΪԼ˺µξ͸˰ɣ
һûдСȥһдСǸֱû
ۡ
һ¾Ϳ˳ƽʱڼǿǹү
û뵽쾹ȻѧУӳѪˣΪһСԼʵҲǺˡ
ܣҪˡһܰ¸Ǹòѽ
贶ԴܺܰԾ̬ȣһͿóʦ൱۰
ҲҪǸҲҪǸҪ
ܱϾǸСȻѾˣɻһС  ׶԰СأһԼʦԼҪȻ˳ŸӾȥˣ  贿ܰµܰ£ϽܵǸҪȻһĻؼңͲҪѧˣ
ʦһ͸оίСŮ׵ʧˡ
ܰһ仰ʱҲŵһ¾Ϳ˳
һС˵ǵĳ൱ģһѧˣȻҲŵÿ˳  ܣܣôˣôˣôѪˣ
贵ܰѵŵʱһӰѾǴ˳
裬ҵıӺ۰ء
һԼˣͬһһ㣬˶ԼĻ
СʵҲһЩСۣǱϾ۾˵Ϲ  ˻ۣ
ܵĸףѵţͬҲǴϼŵܼࡣ
һԼĶˣ˾ըëĸһ㣬׵ıŭˣ




835»ӵļҳ
 

л׶԰༶ڣ
ڴ˿̵ʵѹ֣˻ۿܰµ񣬼԰ǰŮˣ  ʦ⵽ô£
˻۴СҲǺŽ׳ģԼĶӸǽһ˺ûй
û뵽׶԰ˣȻ˸ӴѪˣ⻹
ΪһĸףȻߵĲˣ  ʱı飬ʵҲڷǳһ飡  贿˻ǳ˵Ҳһܣʵ顭
ʵʲô˻ʵ
ģС֣ȻܰСѲСһѡ
ʵ˵ѾЩƫˣһԵĺҲüͷ΢΢
û˵ں˵ʵҲǲԸ˻˵ģϾ˼һܣ
ܵĸף֪˭˻۾Ͳ֪
˵༶СͥһЩǶǵǼڲģ
ĿľΪ˷ֹʲôСߣҲиӦʲôġ
ƽʱһֱǺ³飬û뵽⺮ٻĹ򣬻ǳˣ
СһѣܹҶӵıӶѪˣأ˻ЦһȻ贵˵ǣ
ǸܣѾˣҪȻܰ¸ǴܵǸô
Ҳ̽ԵĶ˻ʵʵΨһİ취ҲЩˡ
ǸҪҰѾͷǸʲôצҿӦöˣ
˻һ˵ǸڵǸܹԼĶӲѪ𣿼ֱǿЦ  ҪѾͷǸʲôã˻һҪй
ǡ˵ô죿һܰµļҳҲˣҪȻ
贿˻ۣҲƲѣʵҲԼѾίȫˣ  û뵽˻ۻǵˣ  Сۣô£
ʱ򣬴߽һʮµӣȥ¹ڳһɹʿģ  Ǵܵĸףѣ  Ѿй˾CEOһӶӵеĶ˵ֱֿɵã  زгĻ𱬣ǴҲ׬貧ӯ  ˿̣ѿԼ˻۽ȥӶӳٳٲҲǽô£
ϱ׼ԼĶȥԼǱ߳ԷģԼĸˣ  һʱҲ쵽ˣҽĳͱȽϵѿҲЩż  ֻһ㿴ԼŭĿԲĿǰˣüͷҲ  ˻վĽǶȣǵסԼĶӴܣ
ԼϹˣ˻۵৵һ¾͵ѣ㿴ӱʲôˡ
һԼĶӱѪˣͷƤһըô£
Ұ֣ȻǼҶӴӡ˻۵ָܰ£
ܰԭǿ޿ģһ˻ԼҰֵʱҲ֪Ǻôʣ  ܰΪͥԭ򣬴СһЩǷǹ
Լĸ׸Լĸ֮ʵһЩʻ㻹Ƿǳеġ
ҰĴʣС˵ֱһ޴Ĵ̼  㡭ô˰ء
ܰҲˣһԼҲСַָ˻۾Ϳ
˻ֱߵܰµĸǰȥһӵ㣿ǸҰ֣Ҹ㣬ҲҪ㣬ҪҰ֣
˻Ҳŭģ  һȥһСȥоЩɥĲˡ
һԵĺÿ˻۾ȻִԼѧǰܰµܣǸӣ
ӣҰҿҰˣ˵ѧУôģѧҲܹս˵ǻ׶԰õ׶԰ҿƨ
˻ۿźЦһʲô˵Ӷ
ÿ˻۵ӴܰСѣܰµȷ˴һ£ɴܵıѪΪҪܰ£ܰÿ֮Լײϵµġ
ߣô˵ҶӵĴˣʦ𣿡˻˪ĶЦһʵ
⡭ûпѹҲҵǰˡ
㿴ˣ˻һεתͷźã  һʱЩȻʵܰ˵ģСǲ˵ѵģ
ǡܰԼ˵ģҲЩ
ʦҿľҪҰ֣Ҹ㣬һǵļҳҪҵ
˻۳˿̻ӵľֱһֻĸװף
Ҳǳ첻˵һôʦҲҪ׶԰ˣ
ܰ£
ڴѺ˻۳ź˵źݻʱȴſһ˹




836׷
 

ԭӦñ絽ʮӣ⽯¬¾ȻԼ  Ҳǹķ˽ŲԲߵڣ  ׾Ҫ⽯¬ǵҪʲô  ׶԰ʱȴ⽯¬ѾǱߴŵ绰  ҲЦһһ￴һνѵûй
һıϾ֮ǰһҲͦҵġ
ײûаһϣһ׶԰СЩ̫Ӧ  ЩҳҲǱȽϵᣬȥûʲô
ԼĳֵҲûʲô˵ע⣬ֱŴ˹ȥ
ǵҪʱȴһŮ˾Ȼܰ¾һơ
˿׵ķŭ֪ˣ  Ҫ֪ܰһΪɶµŮһȻĺܣ
࣡
˽ȥܰһ˹ղŵһӱ˺ޣ
СûԼоȫ˳֣ҴĿ޳  ڿ׳ˣܰȻ񿴵˾һ㣬嵽׵ĻС
ױܰµܰ£ޣ
˭һףҲüͷʵ
Ϊһ¶ռܲӵģû뵽һξȻһİӹС  ׶԰ںӵİȫǷǳķģܰ˵׵ĻУҲ֪ܰӦʶ˵ġ
ܰĸ׵ѡҽܵܰµô£
⡭
ЩƵĿףҲǵùˣô˵
ʲôʦǱ˭ģΪҳʵȨİɣ׵ɫѾѿ˼㣡
ܰСѴλСѣ˼ұӶѪˣΪҳѣҿܰµĸ׹˵ɡ
ŵҪˣһԵ˻ۿҲɫһЩ  ʵղźõĻ˻Ҳ֪ܻľ˵  ôأԼĶӱӳѪˣóˣ
˻ôģܰµô£˭ģ׿责͸һ˿ı䣡  Ҳŵˣֲ˵ʵһ˵ʵҳô  õؿЩ˷Ҫվĺʧȥһݹ
ԥ˼֮󣬺ûվܰСǡǱܵġ
˵֮󣬺ƺһ  죬ȥˣоԼҪ˵ĻҲǹȥ  ׵Ȼ֪Ů˴ģܷʲô飬֮һȥһСǾǲУ  С֮ʲôҲϢˣҪǳʲô⣬ʱý˽ô  ģ׵Ŀ͸һ˿ɱ˻ۣ  һĨ䣬һԵ˻ҲЩȻĶ˴ѵĺ棡  ѿЦһСӣû£Ҹ㣬ҪǲǼҶӵҽҩѸˣ߲ţ
ҽҩˣ𣿡ԭһգҲǻָ˵ȻɫŴѳ
ߣǿǣһ׷ˣҲˡ
ղСɱ˰Ŀ⣬Ǵ棬ȴҲǸоЩ£  Ǯʲôһ±Ǯģ±Ȩģ¾ⲻҪģ
ˣҪ˵ĻǶСһЩ
ǰǰ˿ȥƺЩ̫ܿпܵġ
ⲻҪɲҪʲôɱֻҪ㹻ͷˡ
Ǯ׿Ŵѳʵ
һԵĺúϱ鲻һ贵͸һӵıӣõҲ¶һ˿ı  鷢չһõıж
ѣּһǷһ򣡡˻ʵҲʨӴ󿪿ڣһһѪⱾǷǳĿţ
ЩǮ˵УһǾͨ˵ʮǮһǸ͵µġ
ãһ㣡׳һԵܰһ⻰̴۵ͯ壬ܱԼײģŪġǡǡ
ûµܰ£ʲôԭ鶼ҪǸ֪һһΪռܹΪġ
⻰Ҳ֪˵˭ģһԵ贵ƺ϶оһĻġ
Цһ⣿Ǯأ
ǮȻһĿ˵ˣղӵˣӦŮ˰ɣ׿ŴѺ˻Цһ
ʲôģֻǴһƶѣûдѪʮ˰ɣʣµʮǾˣ
˻һҲǹЦֻҪǮܹ⣬ǰʲô
ʮ򣿼ȻӱֵһǼܰ±ֵһڣ
׿˻ЩƤЦⲻЦ˵  ʦ˼ǵһ




837ֱʦ
 

թ  ǳթ  һڣҲûôٶȰɣͷ  ѲѾ˲ɣ
ֱǲ
һڣҪˣô
һҲǿЦ˼  һԵ˻ۿŴѵѸ磬˾Ǹɵӣǻ߰ɣɵ˼һʶǶǵݣ
ܰ¼ҳѣϣܹһ㣡Ȼ⣬ǾҪúõĽһԲ廰
ÿ׵λҳҿȴܰͬѧȥɣ
ȥΪʲôҪȥ׿ź΢΢һЦʦЩĵġ
һԵ¶һ˿мֹûУΪǻ׶԰ǲг
ʦˣѿףо͸һɵһ  ĶɵӣЩ
˵ˣһøϵԼǱ߳Էɵһˣûйڣ  ˵ǲߣȻͲߣǶӵҽҩ˵ˣܰµҽҩû˵ǾߣЦ˭һҿ
׽Ҫ˸ۣܰôô  λҸ˵һ¡
һôĲʶʱΪһʦЩˡ
ܰѾǹֿˣҲϣźá
˻һһֱڰˣʦȥ԰ҿʦǲ˰
⡭
һ˻ۣҲһϲ
ʵõĵطֱǵƵĵ·
òռҳ贺һλʦҲղˣ  ׶԰ûϲôӣΪǳʵˣ  Ͻȥ
˻Щָʹ˵ֻҪǲԼӣǶøһЩɫ
贺ܿľ˳ȥԭ׼˵ĺãһ˻⻰ɫҲǱֱ䣡
ȻоԼûʲôҲ֪˴Ѻ˻۵³  ѿߣ԰Ȼӣ
Ȱ߰ɣλǴϼŵܲôѣۺüʮأɾͷźˣСӳֻ֣Ҫ̾͹ȥˣ
Ȼ˼㣬ǰ˵˾ǹû£  Ѿ̶ȣҲͺܹ˵ˡ
׿˿ãʦͷβһֱܰ£һЩû뵽  ׿źЩֵʵȻ֪ǲ㻹ǶŸɣ
ͷϲ˻Ǻܶģ
Ƴһ׺ͺЦѶŸɣʸ
˻һԸŵãҿˣҪ֪֪ʲôǲ𣡡
׿ŴѺ˻Щ΢΢ҡͷЩ˾ҸоãѾ˵ˣҽҩѲóǳ˲ŵģ
СӣİԼ̲ǰɣŲһ绰ȥѵɫѿ  Լ󷢴ȱĲһƽˣû뵽һﾹȻҪԼȥ  ͷʲô˶а
ҲظҵĻ
ױܰ¾վ׶԰ſڣеʱ˺棡
ȻҪ棬Ǿ浽׺ˣ  ڵҲǲżˣôܰվſڣһԵĺöˣ
ð¸ڵķȰû뵽ǰͷྐྵȻһӶԼ͸  ܿ죬贾ʹһŮӣȥʮ£  ˱ǻ׶԰԰㣡
һ·ϣѾǰͼӴ׵˵һ飬Ҳüͷ
԰
ѿźĵҲĵͷĺ̨ɲǺܱȵġ
ʱԼĶӽ׶԰ҲǸ԰һĹϵ
ĳɹʿһȻҲԸӵģ  ܣҲʦ˵ˣС֮ЩìܣҪȻ͸һȻǴϢ˵ġ
˻һߣ̴˺Ļ԰׶԰ʦǲβ밡˵ðɣ۾˵ϹǼұ˵˻ܹ׶԰𣿡
԰ҡûСһ˻۵ĻҲЩĵĸо
ֱϹ˵Ҫ۾˵ϹĻ˻Լ²Ǹи֣  㿴źõã̸ְͣʡʲôʱʶˣʲôʱϰ̸࣡ܺܵǸҪȻɲҪҲˡ
԰ҡøоһӵУ  ˻ҪܹʶԼĴʵĵǸĻһܡ
˼ѾǲԶˣǺ԰Ҳûа취ҵıи쵼
һСС԰ڱ˵ǰоЩ⣬˵ǰǾǸҰ
ϽǸҲǼˣҵôô
㲻Ҫһ˻Ȼ
øǸû˹Ҹ㰲ţ׳ٸһλᣬһڵҽҩѣˣˣ⣡ǿɾͲҪִݻˣȻҴϲŮˡ




838ݵ
 

סˣ
ղ·ϵʱѾ˵ˣ˵иҳҪһڵҽҩѣ
ʱҲһЦ֮ һڵҽҩѣⲻǷô  ˭ֵܹһڰֱǿЦ  ȻҲûе£ɵһε׵Ļʱڵ  û뵽ȻһҪһڵҽҩѣҽҩûҪţԼ˸зϲźð  ɵXһȥ
ѵѾĥˣԭһҲǱ˴ֿڣ
䣡
һӰ˳ȥǴѾǱ׸һȭɣ
׸ղҲǶһһ棬һҽҩѣ˭ܰ£Ҫȥ
ȻҴһС׿ɾͲǸŮˣ
ѱˣ˶ڵѾЩа۾
Ҳ̫ˣôϼŵܲãȻˡ
˵ȥ˭ŰǱһ֪ߵغ˸ˣоȥһЦ
ղ˵ҪһڵҽҩһǾһ۲۵Ц
Щʹڵ໽УôҲû뵽һﾹȻҴԼ  Ͻġ
˻ŵˣʵһʼ͸оЩ
ܾԼҺţ˭Ҷִأ  û뵽һ˵ͿʼˣѾ˴ˣ  ˵ղмĻѾЩƵˣ˳ʵ̫ˡ

׻һܣԭֻĺŵøϽֻˡ
˵ͷûŪҲЩҶˡ
ܹѵģҪôţ棬Ҫôɵ棡
ôôЩɵĸоֻʱĺ±˸˰  ûûʿˮ
΢΢һЦǰ˻۵˵ˣһҽҩѣҵʱܱ󣡣ղ˵ģٲĻֻԱ֮ʩˣ
㡭
˻û뵽һﾹȻųӣʵѾǺµĽˣ  ֻЩ
ײƵʱű߿ˣ
һ£ʮѾǳ˴Ľ棬ȥڵģ
ѹҲҪͷ֪ʲô˹ˣ
¬£Ҳ֮ǰϼܲǰǸһξȻ˹ˡ
Ǵ˵Ļ׻ľЩü
һģȻһˣһ˵Լһʱûмˣ  Щ֣⽯ôʶһأ  һˣǿһվʹĳһķ˹ȥ
ѣ
һ忴ˣҲˣ  Ѳ⽯ǱѸˣҪĻЩò֡
ҵСأҷչұһĹͣ  ȻˣϼҲҰٷ֮ʮĹɷݣ  磬㡭ô֪⣿һһ壬ǿһ㣡  ղԼˣû뵽羹Ȼ˾͹ˣⰡ  磬ɵΪ
˻һһ壬Ҳǿ޿ĳǸ˹ȥ  贵˿˾Ȼ׶԰һɷӣҲŵһ£  Ȼ԰԰иëð
׶԰ǾһԻĵط԰ÿ춼սսıһ㣡  ˵һΪԼ׶԰԰λúõĻԸ͸ˡ
һȼһ̣˿ѷ򸾵һСֵܱ˸ˣ˵ߣҾ͹û뵽ϵܴİ
磬ҡûа
һһûͷûβĻ˶һ
ʲôʱˣʱûпճȥ˼ŪŪǵģոսһ󹤳̣ڿǾľء
ģһüͷһ塣
һԵĽ¬¸ϽǡǸ磬ǴܴģǸҲʶǸС˴ġ
ǴܴģһҲ¶һ˿ЦݵѰľˣҽ쵹ҪĸСôĲۡ
磬ǼҴҲˡ
˻һǱ˱һˣҲǰһϲû뵽ˡ
ԼϹձ˵ļһгˡ
һԳСӿҪùˡ
˭
˭֪Ĵĵϣ˭Ҫ缸ֱ棡  ģ˭ôţƣ˵ˣһ壬бţƵ˴ڰ
һΪţʵҲСΧ˵˵ţ˶ȥˡ
𣿡
תˣһŰĻҲ¶һ˿ζЦݣ
ԭһ˲סˣϵҲǴߵȥ




839ǲͲ
 

磬Сӣ֮ǰϼܲǰԵ޹ʵľʹһ٣
ǰ磬ϹǱСӸģû뵽ȻҴܣ
磬ҪǼҴֱǸå
磬첻СӴж˿飬ѽͷ֮ް
һʱ佯򸾺ʹѷ򸾼ǿɥһ壬Ϊİ֮һ
һĳ֣ǸǳһŶ裡  ˭˼ǺţĽɫأһʵҲûɶ˼Һţˣ  ׻˵úãɮ濴棡
ֻڵһоһı˲סĭóˣ  ΪǰˣһڽӰˡ
ûһܹ˼濹ģҲ֪һЩָĵ  ֪֮һ弸ҪˣԼǲ𻹶㲻  ôɣÿһξָܹأ  Լʵǲ̫ãͱ˵һΣоԼǸɸɵĸġ
ʵԭǲæģɱϾ  صĵͷߣȻҲҪЩһԼڽʵ
ֻĳʦδȻָˣ
ˣ
Ψһķ˵Ǹ
ҪȻĻָһʱԲ˶ߵ˾Լ
׾ôһ壬дһ˿ζЦݵҴ
ûû
һӣȥǱѵСѧһ㡣
һԵĴѷ򸾺ͽ˶Ȧˣô˼
ղţ磬ôڸоһϺһأ  ˳ܹʲô׿һЦһҿûʱ棡ʶ
ָָһԵĴѺ˻ۣҲЦ
һ̵ͷǰָ磬ɶ⡭Ǽҵĸ࣬ƽʱе㽻飬ǵˣ
ĸడǿֻ˰΢΢ҡͷȥƺһεӣ
仰ֱһԵһǱ˴һĸо˶Щë
һ̵𡭡ָɶǣᶼᰡ
һԵĴѷѾǳ׵ɵˣƽʱţ˶ƺʢһ壬Ǹһվһĸǰ
ôܹأһʲôˣʵ̫ˡ
Ǵѣ֪Լˣ
ͷǧҪΪԼţǿĳˣп˼ҵء
̾һܲõŮˣ˵զ졭
աܲãĸܲãһʵܿʲôռܲܲðɣ
ѲϼŻܲô׿һʵ
˸ܳһһѡ
磬ҡ
˿ȥɫǳĻţղһϼŵʱ˶ˣ
ԼŴľȻϼռܲܲõŮ  ⻹  Ҫ֪ϼ찡˵̶̲µʱڣ˼ҵгֵѾǧˣ  ǧʲôղԼŻ˵˼ŮҰʲôġ
Ҫռ֪ܲܲĻǺǲ밡
ոڰһ巴־һӣһɸֵӿŴѵţܲðţʲô˲ǣƫƫ˼ܲõŮָ磿Ϲ˻զΰ
磬ǼҴѵĴҴġ˻ŵҲǴҴ  ǰûۺͷˣ۸˭Ǿ۸˭
׶԰ҲûԼ۸ˣ
֮ܰǰҲԼĶ˵ģŮһŵġ
ֻû뵽边Ȼôţ氡  žž  Ƕ⣬ʵʵڵĳ˻۵ϣ  һʵܲˣ²ǣѾ֮ǰܲܵٴ  ֱɵȱеսЦɣ
˵ʵܲûе̸̸ָû̸ˡ
׿һ΢΢һЦ˵صعҵˣҶЩ˼ˣղѾˡ
ɶָ磬ֻҪ˵ҿ϶̾Ͱ죡һ̵
ҡ⣬⣬Ҿʹ绰˾ĲָҸ˺ţұ֤һСʱ֮ڵˡ
ѷˣǳ׵ķˣߵҲֻܹǵùˣ  ĻȥҪָ˺ţѾԼȥŪӲ֪ת䣡Ͻġ
һ޲ȥһＸţѾҲˣ  Ȼ֪٣ɾٶܱ࣬סСѾǲˡ




840¸ܸ˲
 

࣡
Ѻ˻۴ԼĶӴҴ뿪ߵʱǸܵСҲǿ޵ϡﻩ  ȻҲ֪Сǰ̫ã˵ȷҪѵһ  ǳԵͷҲʲôη  Ѳ˼ҵСĿ۸  ǲܵģ  ŴѺ˻۷򸾵뿪һԵĽ¬Ҳ֪ôˣ  ԭǹǴǳģϾôǮ˸ˣԺSXʡ첻ȥˡ
Ҫ֪ʱSXʡͷҲǿİ
ûпˣһʮʮ٣ٶҲ൱Ŀ찡  ڣоԼĲþΪоԼߵŰˣ
㣬
׿Ž΢΢һЦʵһѾԼһˣʡ̵ʸҲ׸ˡ
һҲͦҵˣ⸻űһͨ
ΪƸĿٻ۶Ļ̸ϵµġ
ָ֪֡ˣҲ֪ǡʵѹҲ֪׵˭
֪˭ˣζĿŽ
ҡҲ֪оЩˡ
һ忴˿һ¬µĸ¬꣬Щһ˵¬갡¬꣬÷Ǹ鳰
ǣ磬ҡĲ֪ȻָʶҪ֪ĻǾԲܡ
¬ҲһŵĿһ壬ҪԼҵԼԼʶһĻҲûнˣ
ŸղŴѶˣ֪һûϷˡ
Լȥƺǳĺǰ֮ˣ
ϼţȻĿǰȫȫ緶Χһ˾  װڰֵˣҲΪˣҵøǶ¸أԺҪ۸ˣҪǱҸˣһοɾͲҪˣ
ллָ磬ллָ硭
һҲû뵽⽯Ƿǳĺãָ羹Ȼôһˡ
ʵҲǾʵЩȻζžΣһӦǻˡ
һεĻǾûôĺˣ
ָ磬ǡɶ⼸һԶٷǸһ忴ףװڰֵ⵹ãôһҪܲõŮȥֳһ棬ûҲ̫㡭
УаҵĿ˶άؾͣأָҪǲĻȥúˡһ̵
Ул׳һҲЦЦ
һһЦˣҲһȻͦϲģʺĿŲԸ
ָҪˣҲֻܹʹˣ  ָ磬һɶԺҪɶ绰ˡһ̬Щģ  Ҳǲ֮ͨˣһ̬Ѿ˸ĺ׬Ҳ΢΢ͷԺʲôѣҲң
ллָ磬ллָ簡һһҲǼ˵
Ǽǰɣ׿һʵ
ǡһЦŵָҪõҵĵطܿڣ
ϼĿǰҪĲִĹģܴҹģҲСҿԺ
΢΢һЦʵҲǴһƸ棡  һпϲҲ֪ҪϼŵӲҲܹӳϼŵǿ󰡡
ָ磬⡭ôлźء
һû뵽һˣȻջ񣬼ֱ벻
ˣҸܸ˲šЦŵ
ָ绹˲Ҫܸң֮ðһһ׵ĻҲЦ
ʵһֻֻҪ׽ܹģһҲùŲǣ
΢΢һЦʦ
֡ܡ
һ׽ԼҲǴ֮лع  ˵ʵ֮ǰ׸ѷʱҲЩӵġ
ɺ׶ִˣһ
ںΪ׿϶Ҫùʱȴû뵽龹Ȼ˵ķתЩ벻  ԭôţŴѾȻҪһڵʱŵò˵ˣ  ʦһֱ˽йĵʦҾκεӦöܲġأ
׿һЦŵʵԭҪúȥϼŵġ
һֳɵߣϼʵҲǳĲοԼܽȥأ
ϼĿǰȱһλãнʮ򣬲֪ʦûȤأһ忴źҲЦʵ
ʮ򣡣
ں˵ֱһְҪ֪ߵʦһҲǧңȥǱߵһ밡




841ʵڵĺʦ
 

һĽĿźã
˵ʵΪɥĿ¾ˣΪÿ϶Ҫùġ
˴ѷ򸾣ûܹʲôùӳأ
ѷ򸾼ֱǱʹˮһ㣬˶һеô£
ǰƺǵ͵ӣû뵽ӵž޴
ϼţ  ֱȻһĴڰ贵Ȼ֪ϼţ  һҲҧҧһƿϿ飬֮ЧֱǸܸܵΰ  ֪ԺϿĻϯȫеŮ˶Ϊ֮ġ
ȻҲ֪һеŮ˶򣬿ֻ֪Ҫܹģ϶ģ  ãһԭԼʲˣû뵽нԴﵽʮ  ʮʲô
ڽʮнҲ൱ţģ  ʮ򣿣
ʿˮʵ˭Ҫʺܸߵأ
عģԼڻڽһʮƽ׵ķסš
סʮƽףԺȫ棬ʵӻǷǳСġ
ȻˣڵĵطǽΪĵضΣط  ٣ɶʦҪʲôҪĻһЦŵ
׿˿һһĴϼһְͨȻ㲻еĻǻúʦҰɡ
ָ磬ܵ˲أһϽʦʮнһ׷զ
һһһ׿ԼˣҲһҧһžֱӺһռļ۸
Ȼˣʵһ˵ҲСCASE
ǸϼźĻǵʱǮ׬
̸ģЧӦҲֹôǮˡ
ոջΪʮ̾贺ͺˣ˿̶Ŀźã
Ĺʺ˰
ʮн̸һ׷ӣ˵Ҳüɣ
⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ԼоЩˣȷ̫ˣǹֱǰһ㣡  һһ̵ʦֻҪӦԺ϶ãָܵˣǾϼŵķʦǲǿһ£
ôõҿ϶Ǿܾ˵ġǻ׶԰κһ˶ܾ˰ɣǡ
ÿ˿һ壬⵫һһԵһҲЩƣ  ԼˣǵذѾˣʵڲеĻнˣ  ʵļ۸ѾͼŵܼнˣҲ͵һѣ
Ͼһܼ໹ء
ܲܰнʴıǸܼ໹ҪŰɣ  ҪĻǵʱϼź׽нϵɶҪ˰  ֻһ֪Ҳʲô£  ˼ȥ֮һ廹Ǿס˵ҪȻʱ׷ˣԼºڶ  Ǹʦʲô˵ҸղŶѾ˵ˣֻҪܹһ㣬ûκε⣡
һظŰƱЦŵǮʵνҪǸλн⣡  ̰ڰֵҲ˼ܣʵҪǺҵﲻҪ󣬵ʱҪǶԲнʣǿҲûһҵԸһߵİɣ
ʵڣ  ʵ̫ʵˣһ׵ĻǰŮ˻һǳʵϵˣ  ͳһ㣬ٶϼ˵һ£
ûû£ʵҪǷһЩ߹ܶѣôСæùǼ˻æ˵ˣһʼȥҲ˴ģİɣ
һԭΪҪʲôأҪʨӴ󿪿ڵĻ϶ҲǸġ
϶ǶŮ˵Ϳֻܶܶ࣬Լû뵽Ů˾Ȼʱ˵Ļ
˼һûȥ˾֪ϰ忼ǣϰʡǮ  ЦŵɣܣҪȻǰ֮ǰ˵ʮ򣡣ʵʮҾѾǺܶܶˣʱĻԵĻһЩҲûڷӣʵ̫ˣ˾֪Ļҿ¡
һû⡭һҲεһЦ
׿źҲĴָ˵Ҷúʦˣ
ָ磬Ҫˣ
һҲǵһζһôȤ˼ҶǾнʴԽԽãѡ֮ǰʮ  Ҫ֪ʮһ׷ӺʮǼֱǲܱȰ
˼ܹرģ˵ǾԵֱ˽Լߵġ
ʵҵϲˣҲϰϲһˣ
գһÿʮһ׷ӣ׵Ľ飬һ׷ӵĹȨҪݺõĹã
ʮ֮ڣ뿪ϼŵĻô׷յĹȨϼŵС
ʮĻôþӵ׷ӵľȨ




842ܰµСԸ
 

ѷ򸾸ûйֱͨתһڸһ壡  ״ܰ뿪˽л׶԰  ˶άأ  Ҳûмһ⳵׻ƵĳһӵģҲЦЦ  ⲻע⿴˻Ĳ֪⳵굽Ǹɶ  Щʶˣ϶⳵굽Ǹʲô⣿  ʵҲǺģ⳵ܵȷǷǳĲ
ٹٽҪһʱOKˣʵ͸ˣ  塭
ܰˮĴ۾ףͦĵģΪˡ
ȻôСС֪ʲôޣǾúܿģ
׿ܰЦŵܰ£ȥֳһô
ѽѽȥѼ
СӵǺģѼܰµпܱȺܶණҪ
֪һʲôҲ֪⳵Ǻûǻ  ֻ֪ԼҪȥѼĻԼǳĿģ˶ѣ
ƺ֮ǰ˻۴һ£Ѿôǵˣгڴĸо
Ѽ񽭺ûѼɣҼǵHKваɣ׿ܰЦŵ
ҡҾҪѼ
ܰ¿ȥЩִŵĸоϾһСӣҪһʱǷǳִŵġ
׿ܰЦŵҪѼȥѼòã
ԣʵ̫ˣ  һҲԵĲУһ̻ڽһ̾ȻҪȥHKеĵ˹԰ȥʲôѼҲˣ  һԹˣҲʵҲûʲôֵġ
ѽѽ
ܰ¸оһ㣬׶԰żٵʱȽϵ磡
Ҫżˣѧѧʵһ׶԰С˵ûʲô
һ绰˻ѣһڽĵϻǺģ
ԭһҲæԼҵϻױƷĴоһļ
˵һֱԼ׵Ӱ֮£
ԼҵҴϻױƷ콢꿪ҵһҵʱ䣬Ҳ൱˷ܣ  һµʱ䣬׬ڣ  ʲôڻѸоԼζܹЦˡ
ѣҶŻƱȥHKеģ
׿Żѽͨ˵绰ҲЦŵ
һ׵ҲǺٺһЦָ磬ôúõҪȥHKˣ
ȥе飬ķɻǶİʵ
þڵԣܿĲһķɻСʱ֮ġҪȻھͰ㶨
ǺǣԣЦЦ
ָ磬һʮգ֪ûпգ
ʵײ绰ѣҲǴ״绰
ʮ꣬ҲǴһ׿϶Ҫġ
ʲôʱ򣿡Цʵû£ʱһȥ
һ֮󣡡ѵһȻУʱǰڸҴ绰OKˣ
˵꣬Ҳǹ˵绰  Ѵ϶ŻƱȻ֤뷢ף  ״˿ѾǼݳǰܰȥHKУҲʱġ
ҲʱѣСӵԸȻʲô㣡
ֻǽ׿ܰ±˸۸ˣҲСܰʧʱľˡ
˿ֱȥ;Ҳռܲ˸绰  ռܲһ׾ȻҪܰȥHKУ⵹ǰһں֣  ˵׶԰֮ռܲҲǳĬһᣡ  лһ֮Ҳûڶ˵ʲôԼŮ۸Ѳв
׽ˣռܲҲһ
ҪȻ¸ԼŮʲôӰˣ  ʻ  ڽĳǽƿտҲ൱Ŀ  ΪʴеĽ˳ӿ  ҹʻȴַǷУ
ãֹڣ
һڹԱ׵ĳʻҲǰڰʾͣȻ
׵ͷǰһͣҲʵҪѳͣͣ죬ȥһˣ
ãֱͣڵͣˣǱӦλõģ
ڹԱҲǴһ˿˿΢Ц  ׸лһ£Ȼֱӿųͳŵͣķʻȥ
ʵͣһӵŵĲĵܹͣǧͬʱͣ  ɼ漸ҲǳΪ״̬
׿ųŶӣܿͣڣһ3ϵҲǽ׵ĳ
׵ĳͬʱ䣡  ׼ʱֱӳͷ˽ȥΨһһλ˹ȥ
ʱһŮӴӳ׵ĳһıӣ  ҲЩߣʵû뵽ʱȻûʵˡ
ֱһˣ  Ϩ𡢰Կף  һǳɣױܰ¾ˣʱһִڵıүһǱֱͣ׼ˣҲǸϽ˹




843һ
 

ʻͣ
ԭĳǷǳĽţϾǹʴУĳǳĶࡣ
׺ͺ˻ͬʱͣλġ
ֻŮ˿׳ͷǰ׼󵹳ʱֱӲ˽ȥʵûʲôʿԣ  ˭¶һӵĻ𣬸οʵеʱء
ȻɻɻһСʱʱ䣬ҲҪܰطŰɣ  ҪΪŵܰµĻֱӴܰ·ȥHKУ
ﲻͣ
һűƷϴүѾ˳ҲǱ˵
λҵģȻˣǵʲôʱߣ߰ɣ
׵Ҳκεʲôûʵˣǲõġ
СУﰡ
Ǹ긾Ůһ³ԼĳӾȻˣȻҲΪ  һҪءЦһʲô󵽣ô˶֪
СӣʲôƳʲôʲô𣿱СһӶĳ
긾ŮǳĸߣʵϵֳڽһĳҲǱȽϳһͣ  һ㲻˵ʵǺġ
ȻؤıվҲǱϵеĽγǣ
ڹũ壬ܶ˶ֻϳƣʲôġ
㿪һٶıʮҵıһ  Ϊֻʶʲôʶ׷ΪٵƷ࣡  СӣϽһðɣ⿴Ǹ˼ұûñ֪ɣͷǮһʶ
үҲ۵ˣǿ׵ĳλ֮ҲЩߡ
Ͼάˣܲȥܰɣ
Ϣ˶˵ҪĹְ
ʵλү˵ĺҲǲٵģʲôʱݰ·ʲôġ
ôƯǵһμһ⳵⣬붼룡
Ȼ⳵ȥ⣬ү֪⵽ܳɶأ
ֻҪһᵽ⣬Ժ֮бQһʾǣˣ  Բеڶˣ  ⲻǮǮ£Ǹĵ⣡һһλȻǰλӦҵģ
׳ֻ۵һ  긾ŮָʹӣҲһ
ͷûʵʵ̫ˣʢ˻ǲ
ҺǰɣҸ㣬СУһϹҵ˾ˣ
긾ŮҲżһҽǹˡ
ΪԼϹԼĵܵһ£һ㡣
һǼݴӰλ˱Ƚ϶࣬һĳҲʱùˡ
ֻǵҪСʱԺܵ⳵ֻܹͣͣˡ
Űɣҿɻء
ױܰ£ĳŵݿڵķ˹ȥ
긾Ůɫͨ죬Ҳû뵽˿ԼȻôţ  һԵıү׵ССӣһȰ㻹ǰѳȿ߰ɣ
ͣţб¾ͣţһῴϹҵǲǸҰĳˣһǰˣʲôأ
ŮʵзǳߣϾǸŮˣѲɻҸ˶ֲɣ  ˵λŮͬ־Ҳǵģ˼ȿĳλ˼ҵģŸʲôأ滹гλأֲûгλˣ
ү긾ŮҲ΢΢һ̾ⱾûһìܣŮӲĸìˡ
ΪҲǾԵĿһЩǮ߶ġ
ǿҳ֣ЩӽŻЩˡ
ֻһεĵҲ̫һɣһ͸Ҹ˼ҿĺᣬⲻʲôأ
긾ŮһʼվԼߵʱ⣡
ͷܶ˿ԼֿģͻЩԾĶԼ
ǳĸо
û뵽ͷȻСй˵ԼⲻǸԼô  үӲ̫˰  ŮӳűүЦһ϶ʲôȿİ㿴λͣ˭ĳҵĳȿôͣĳأǰɣ
㡭ô˰˾ӦñЩǮСӣ£ȻҲ־үսˣ
λүһˣԼͶܹ긾Ůĸˣû뵽ȻŮ˸ˣ  ֻүȻ˵ǸˣһûԼЦˣ




844ײ
 

϶Լ̲ˣǸŵϹڶҵĳҪˣҪײǿɲҵ飡
긾ŮһһССıͷȻԼᣬҲըˣ  űĽĿ⣬ῴȻŭɣ  㡭
үһӾͱŮ˵ƸѹȥˣʵһݹҲΪ׬ǮҺڶѣ
϶һҾʹ绰˰϶ˣ
긾Ůƺˡ
үղŻ׼Ů˺ᣬһһӱҭ˵ˡ
ôߣʮ򹤵ʵǺܶġ
ȻǺܶ˶ɲĻɵĻƻǿġ
Ȼһ¾ǧǮңܱûеǿɣ  ҲǿԷֵһ¼ľøǣ
׿ǰ긾ŮЦһ㲻ײҵĳ
ԭǸʱ䣬Ͼ˵ҪܰȥHKе˹԰Ѽġ
żˣĸϲһ˷ɻĻʱܰ˯ֱӴɹȥˡ
ȻżĻеʱûƷŮ˺ˣ
⣬ΪҲײǻˣ긾ŮֱóԿ׾׼ϳ
Ǳү𣬿׻ǵСӣǸҪȻȰѳߣûʵһʶҲûɶ˼
үЩˣԭҪŮ˸һܵģŮһھҪ˰Լˡ
ԺʲôطȥôǮֲٵĵطأ  Ϊ棬ֻˣ
׿űүЦŵүûйϵҪȻ㻹߰ɣԼͺˣ
Сӣһģ㷸Ÿһʶ
үصذһߣȻ󽹼˵
׿űүЦŵûµģ㿴ˣ㲻ƣԺʻ߲ˣȻôͣΪһĹʣҲҪһЩӦ˰
үһʱй߳ҲЩˡ
˻ƢĺܰͲȰ  ׻˵úãⲻԳԿǰ
ү΢΢һ̾Ҳǲסҡͷǲܣɴܲ˰  㻹ѳƿĻǾ͹ֲˡ
긾Ůһ׺ǱүǱֹӣѰ˼һ϶Ǻˡ
ʱһε¶֮ɫͷǮǴү  ôNɪ󻹲ǻˣ
ߵԼϹĵҲ£ѹһѹһôˣ  ûײ
׿긾ŮҲǴ̼ŮˣŮΪԼô˲ʵȴҵ
Աļͣ˿ˣ
ʱѾǿˣճһλã  Ǳүһ̵СӣиλϽͣ˰ɣ
үҪͣͣλҪôͲͣ׿ȥҲš͵ĺܡ
ʱһõɫıʱѾͣԱߣ߳һīͿֵŮӣǿӦҲһˡ
ΪﲻײƳ
Ůӵɽһ㣬մӱʱܳŮҲǱһ
ԭ׼ȥݵģ긾ŮҲü˿
߰ɣ
׿˿ܰ£긾ŮЩֽϻ»ǲײ
׾ȻҪߣŮӵɫǺ죬һּȵư
İ
ŮӺһֱӳԼĳڣȻ󷢶˳ӣ
εεΣ
һ󵹳ʾŮֱһȥֻ¡һ
ǱĳƨֱӺ׵ĳϣȥ׵ĳҪʤһ  ֻǼǳӺҲǱײЩĿǰˣ
嶯ħ
⻰һ˵ģǺܶʱ˶ڷԵ²ŻһЩ˵
ԭ׼뿪īŮӴ˿üͷҲ΢΢ΪĳƺҲв䵽һ㣡  Ȼֻһ㣬ҲЩ
ΪʲôײҵĳīŮӿѾ긾Ů
ײ˰ǶԲԲ𰡣СУҲߣһ֮¡
긾Ůʶ׵ĳʶǰʱݰ
ʵղ⳵ʱѾǴһĽɫ˹ȥ  Ǻǣ㻹Ǹײ
ҲЦŮ˻ǲʶô⳵Լģʱ鷳һԼˣ
ײôΰҸղѾ˱չ˾ˣ㣡
ŮӳЦһг˲м
ԭһλ飬ȴѾݻ˳˶Լİ




845±ղ
 

īŮӲסĿԼʱ䣡
ƺҲôż˿׵ֻͬʱ
׿˿ֻЩȻʧЦ  Ȼյ˺ϢʹӽȥHKȻҲСʱ
Щˣ
ƺڤڤ֮עڻʱźİ
ЩΣ  īŮ˳ڣ֣Ǳܰš
Ů˫ֲƺʢĿף¶һ˿˿Ĳм  ղҲһ  Ͼײ˵£Ȼˣײ֮ҲǸоһˬ죡
ңоǳӣбչ˾⣬ʲôأ
׵Ȼô׵ĺùˣʹĽ⳵ӵķʲôĶƻһ䡣
ĺΪһѷ  ʱ㣬ȻŮ˵Ű裬Ů˳Եͷˡ
ԼĪʮ֮һ׻ٱյĳӿ˵ͣ
ӳˣȥǶʮӡ
˭ǵĵ绰
Ǹʮ´۾Աǰ˿¹ֳҲü  ʱλīŮӿԱˣҲǴӳˡ
Ҵĵ绰
ŮЩĿ˿׵Цһ
һԵıү̵ͬ־˰˼ҵײˡ
ײģԱ˿긾Ůʵ
ҾǹģһﵲҵĵҵĳߣŮӵǸɵȱΪչ˾һС
ʵΪǸģ  ȻײģǲǵⷶΧ֮ڣ˼
λԱǱȽϿȻҲ֪ķΧ֮ڣ̬ȻǱȽϵĿġ
ʲô˼ǲ⣡Ůӳʲôչ˾ˣƳҲֵǮȻˣǾͰһӦöǮɡ
ĸԱͻҲʵ
ȻǵְΧ֮ڣǱϾмҳܰæһҲǲܾġ
ҵľ˰ɣȻв䵽һЩʱԼ޺ˣ
īŮƺԸЩ˴򽻵ֱѿڶ
ŮһīŮӵĻҲһʵЩʱݡ
Ͼ˼Ǽֵ򼶱ĺ⶯һ޾һģҲЩۡ
ղνΪòԼǮڲһˣ˼ұչ˾Ⱑ
ʣµһ⣬Ǿˣ
ǧǮܰһˣȻҲвˣǧǮܹһԼʵҲֵõˡ
զأүһīŮӲŮˣҲһź˵
϶һëǮĹϵŮһⱣүֲ죬һ˵
˿̼˶üͷΪϾ˶ϲʢֺˡ
ԵĻǱԼ곤ˣ֪ϰ׵ˣʵǲ˹ά
㡭˵֡үƣҲûа취˰˵ôһ仰
īŮȻ֪ʲô飬ɴŮ˵̬ȣҲĳ϶Ůдˡ
ʦǱûʵˡǸԱԱߣһȥʮ˶Ÿղ˵Ա
Ǵ۾ԱڰֵǵĹְ𣡣ȻǱչ˾е⸶񣬵ֳܹͻǻ岻ݴǵġǵְҵ£˵ʸߵ޹أĻǸһ𣿡
ǣʦ֪ˣǸһԱϿҵ˵
۾λԱŮʿãΪһ⸶ǿԿʼ𣿡
ˣˡ
ŮҲʲô˶ˣ̬ȵģҲ˵ġ
׿֮ǰ˼ͺֵĻŮѹλˡ
Ůԭǿı־˳Ĳġ
ʦɶզǰûмԱԼʦʵ
λ۾ԱҲʶ
ʵҲܹˣҶͨˣʵںҲ˽Ĳˡ
⳵ǻǵһο˵ʵܳҲԲ
ĿǰʵںȦ棬֪Ҳһһ˶ѣ
һԱʶʵҲǺġ
ⶼʶ긾ŮһĿ˿ˣǲԱƣ
ţʲôأ绰ҲӣҪ֪ͣȥ㰡
ʱһЩͺ˹ЩԹĿ긾Ů
㣬ɶ㳵զ˼ײ˰
ʵ긾ŮеϹ͵ܵܣԭҪ˵ġ
ѾˣҲνˣ




846Żȥ
 

զĳô˼ҳײ˰긾ŮϹɫ൱Ĳÿ
Ͼ˼ҳײˣȻбչ˾ҲǮǣ  ײһ㣡ҹײôˣСӸҷᣡСС
긾ŮڼͥеĵλԱȽϵĸߣһŭ̾Ϣˡ
һĵܵȴĿԼϽ㣬ղ˵ɶײģ
˵ԼǹײģǱչ˾ⷶΧ֮ڣ
۾Ա
ҵθ찡
긾ŮĵܵһǺһӣԼĽͽһһԵīŮӰүŵһ£
ҪʲôŮҲԼȻ
˵СӣҪҵಡųǲǣҲһȻ
ǣ㣬
긾Ůĵܵ˵Щ´ʲĸоˣǱŵˣ  Ҫ˵ʶˣ¾ֻ긾Ůܵˡ
ڳȻģ󣬿⳵ʶġ
˶άأ  ѩµĸ߶ܳһc7Ǿ߶˵ĲƷ
·Ҫٶ㳵ҲҪ280򰡣  ҪǲСײˣʮбչ˾ʲô
ɸղԼĽ㾹Ȼ˵ǹײģһ֮ǧﰡ  ҪǱչ˾ĻһӼʮͳȥˣǵʱҲЩ˽ǰ
ҲΪʲôղ̲סЩеһԭΪ֪ԼϽҪùˡ
ɶðΪʲôǵײ˼ҵĺ
⣿ðôܳģ
㣬ǲǷ˰ö˶˵ײ˼ҳɶ긾ŮĵܵһƵĿԼϽ
˼ҳλ˼ͶͰ˼ҳײˡүҲһ
׿˳Ҹʱ䣡
磬ҽ㲻ǹģ⡭긾Ůĵܵһ׵ӣ֪˼ˡ
ֻܹվԲˣϣܹԼĽһ㣡
Լ˵ǹˣ˵ǹģЦһ
СʲôҾǹײզΣϽûУǮһģҾҪСӿʲô˶ܹġ
긾ŮЦһɲǱŴģ  ҵϽ㰡⣬𣿡ĵܵһԼϽڻûʶԼĴҲ쳤̾һ
Сզ°긾ŮϹһԼСӵģҲǿһ¡
Ϊ϶⣬ı־ʶġ
ȻһŮ˷ֱ治˶Գȴ
ĳ⣿ⲻǳô  զ£׼ҹɣϽ˼ҵܳײˣȻ⳵ܳ治ֵǮģҲ300Ұ
СһͬĵĿԼĽ㣬ְ֮  ˵ûܹȥ˼һܳţʲôأ
ȻǼЩǮˣҲЩǮ˼Ҷܳ˵ǽǮ
ɶɶ⣿С㿪ʲôЦƳ򣿡
긾Ůԭһŵģ˲䲻ˣȡ֮һ𾪺Ͳţ
˶άأѩµĸ߶Ʒƣ˵Ͻ㰡⳵զҲⰡȻ⳵ڳ֪ܲ
СԼĽ㣬һֶţٵĸо  ˶άأԭǿ˶άذ˵զôϤû뵽ֱ̫͵ˣ
ǸһԱף˿ҲһĽͳݵģͷǮ˻Ǳ˸߿һ۵ĸо  ׳˵ˣʱޣ
ء
긾Ůһǰһڣֱӻ˹ȥ  ʵ̫ˣ
һæһ࣬׶ȴûκεͬ飬˿ԱֵܣǳԿף鷳æŪߣҸһ绰ʱ˰Ǯͺˡʱ㱨ġ
úúãֳȡ֤
ֻҪб꣬ʲôǸɣȻʱ䣬ȴҲûйڣ  ӺŮӵĵܵһԿţϣܹչ˾
ȴǣй  ȱĿ¾Ǻҩˣֻϧ֮ɱ񣡣
ˣҪúõĽѵһ£
ү״˿һҲǸߴɶе͵
˼Ž͵Ʊʲô˼˵ĳǿ򰡣
ү긾Ůӣ˶
ʵ̫ˬˣ
һﻹЩ˼
ױܰȥӣīŮƺҲЩζĿ˿ף




847·ɻϵļ
 

ʻ
ױܰںڣ֮ǰڵͣǸīŮˣ  Ůӿ׵ʱȻҲ㶣ָܿԭ  Ȼͬһܷɻȵ׼ǻʱҲһǰһ˷ɻ  Ѹ׺ܰ¶ͷȲգŮƺҲͷȲš
˽һǸŮʱժ˿֣Ǹټĸ󡾵Լϡ
λÿͣǰHKеĶJH668κҪˣ˿͡
Ĺ㲥ɻѾǹر˲ţʮ֮󼴽Ҫ̱HK  ܰ²ǵһɻÿһɻԵʮֵ˷ܣ  Ϊ̫ˣϷɻûмӾ˯ˡ
СʱʱһζHKлнһСʱ·̣
ʱһɧ
׺ǸīŮͬʱžòյķ˹ȥ  ⣡  ׵һʱ֪ķһȥʮҵӣӶڳ鴤ţȥƺ첻ˣ
ʵһֳļԲļ  ֲһɱһ㣬ǵϣʱضпҪ˵  ɻϣͻĹ  ֱǱɵһļһʮ֮ڵòȴʩĻͿˣ  λÿǺãκһλ˿ͻ⣬ҽҽԱϵ
ʱһλ˵ĶУ֮дһ˿˿ļ٣
׶ھȻʮİգ׼֮ʱ
ԱߵλīŮӾȻֱվҽҪֻͨҲҪΧţֻû߲ء
λŮʿãҽʲôҪǻȫԱʱ׼ǻѾHKǱߵҽԺϵɻʮִ֮HK
һλսͷͷģŮӳλīŮ˹Ҳǳһ˿ϲɫ
ͻ˭ҲԸⷢһƺʱصڷɻ䣬ÿһ˶Ը⿴飡
֮ǰǽҽԺҽҽн
ǸīŮժīһְѿָ
ҽãҪʲôս㿴Ž
һֱͺˡִ˿Ѿѹס˻ߵУ  λ΢΢üƺָһЩʶ
飡
Ȼ䣬Լ˫֣λһʹ
⵹һԵһôȥ𣿲෴ƺԽҲ˵ʹԽ⣡
ˣˣ˭ܹҡ
˿̵Ҳ͸һӵĽȻʱ˭ǰ  ͷһ²һµ뷨̫̫ˣκεطˡ
Ҫ֪˺пܻΪҽƺ޲ߵӣҲ֪Ƕôļˣ
ʵϣ˵ʮӣȵʱҲӶѣ
֮ûκεЧĻʱܳŹʮӣҽԺҲǻ췦ˣ
ڱҪƽľԮڣ˵ѪҺͨҪģ
ಿλȱ¹Ѫ㣬Ȼ൱ͷۣ  Ŵûһ˸æǰսǡ
ʵĲˣϾǾԼȥ֪ôŪ  ǽֱǸʲôǾܾˣʱѲ
˷һ룬˾һ룡
ڽһʱһӰӳ  
һʱ俴׵ʱȻһվĸǰأ
ÿ
Ҳ룬ֱͳһö룬ȥʮֵѸ٣
Ѩҽ
һȤû뵽ļһﾹȻһλҽ
ʵǰҲҽԺģҽЩΪĵһξˡ
ֻϧܲܲˣĻԸһҽˣ  ƽɡ
׿˿Ȼʱ򲢲ʱ
һҽ
ܶ˶ǺĿ׵ĳ֣ȥƺǾϵ֣  ףȥһѧһҽ
׵Ľ벻ϵĴţ֪ҪʱڻָѪʵҪĻҪס
ȻˣôǾԲκεģ
ֻһֿҪĸо
һʲôذøصôžˣ
ҿǸѧɣʱ˲鰡
Ҳ֪˼ҵʲôһҪǱǾ˰
ɲզΣҿһﲻףʱҲֻϹè˰




848ӹҽҽ
 

ɻϣ
һ̾Ϣڣ˰æûɶ£ΧԹȺڵı»ûжܹȵϡ
Ҫ֪ʧˣ˼Ҳȥ˼ȥ˰ɣ  ȵĻȲǾǸˣȿ϶ûκεϣٻһϣ
۷׷ףʵҲЩɡ
Ͼʵ̫ˣЩˣѾ޲ˣ  ˵ʵղһΪ˿϶ǱˣΪɻϵʵ̫̫ˣ  ߿գͳž޴ѹշĹһҪأ  ڸ߿֮Уʱıסɵɻ׹ʱ򣬵ʱһģ  ɻļ׹սǷǳĴģоԼƺһѭ
˵ǰеϣһСϣȥЩɵĸҹӸһҽѧ֣  ַô£ҽվĻǾ鰡  ҽɡ
Ŀ͸һӵĲΣװģӣҲһ̾Ϣ
˵ʵһʼоǲģ֮ǰڵͣǸű긾Ů֮
һˣףȴҲмΪ飡  Ȼȥһӵܣȴһ㶼  ͣ飬ѾһţȻʲôҲû˵ȴĺܡ
ֻƷȴһҽ
ʮӹȥˣզǴ갡İ
ǰλ˼ҿȥû˰
ɲզΣĸ˼Ū˰ǿҪùİ
ӹҽӵܰղҾ˵ëûгȫСëӸ˼βɣ
ǰҲô˵ⲻ˼ҵЦҽԺҽզ°
һһελڵϵɫҰףоһ㣡  ⲢΪ֮ʵڸλ޸࣡  һʤ߼  һȻҲ֪ģ֮ˣʵҲԼȥġ
˶˵ӰǷǳǿģ  ˵Щ֮ˣר޹µģһʼ䲻ڣɵ˺Ҳǻǿúܰ
һλ׽еˣӲ̫ˣ  ǰλɫҰ׵һԭΪ׼Ѫֹͣ  ദ״ȥ̲  һĽεʱһоͻָˣ
׾һֱ۾ʱʱĶ£˸оһҽķ緶
ͣʵ˿Щϣ  λҪʵڲеĻǽҽһɡ
һλսʵЩܲˣҲЩĿ˿ס
ôȥĻ˿ҲŪʱ͵ɱ˰
ʿˮҡΪ
λ˵ʲô֪˭һ䣡
׻Ǳţλλ˼ʵǵ͵ļ״Ϊͻ״ҡ
ļⲡ˵Ҫ˼Ӿƨ˰һʵ
ͷֻҪӾ֧ŲסˣղҵһʱһЩȷܹ֧ŵʱ䳤һЩҲǶʮӵСʱʱ䡭
Ѿȥʮ˰һλսҽҪȻԣǵķɻаСʱʱͿԵֵHKУʱǱ߻ǿҽŶӹλġ
ԲѾˣҲЩʹĵͷ
κһҽߴ¹ҽԱ϶ܰ  ߵʵ̫޵ĺܣʵûκεİ취  ϧɻܰԼҲǡ
һҲ΢΢ҡͷǶڲϵĸ̾Ķݣ
ɾʱ׵۾ȻˣȻһ£
һ  ԭڵλѾǷƫƣǸѨλγһ̣ԭڵµλߵɫıú
ףҮ
ǵأ氡ȻˣղŻ׵Ҫأ
˰ҸղſλߵָͷҲأ
ѲСӲǸӹҽ
ԭΧ۵ǰˣֱǽͷݵеĵ䷶ƵĲϱãҲʱıԼĿǰ
һҲЩ˵ˣ˵ѪҺˡǲתΣΪһ־
һĻԭЩڿˣ˲鶼ѾǱˣ  ӹҽҽǾһ˲鰡




849Բ˵
 

ڣ
һƬڵϢܶ˶Ǽ֣ǰҶƽȵġ
ѾˣôһоͶ˵ˡ
ĻһĿģϾŮרҵ˵ûǻϾûˡ
תΣΪúܶ˶һ
ҪȻڷɻϣô˵Ҳǲһ鲻
ģû뵽ˢӰ
ǰղһΪûë²أСӲ
ţ˼ҵƾ֪ˣ˼ҺŰ
ʵҸղž˵ˣ˼ôصӿ϶ûˡ
µķѾǳ׵תˣ˿̵ȴڲϵý޸˵塣
Ȼˣ˳˼κҲһʲô鷳飡
˵ˣҲ֪ԼڸʲôȻԵϡȱ
ֹʮӣ  ĺһȻ˵Ҫš
һλսЦŵǱһԵĴжʮҵʱ͵HKˣ
Сӣлл㣡
Ǹ߿Ҳ¶һ˿ЦݣԼû뵽һɻͻȻ˵飡  ʵһоõʱΪԼ϶ˣ  û뵽Ȼ˸ˣһûиоô泩
ҪһĲˣǱȻˣҲоԼȫû״̬
һкõĺܣδйĺã  ЦŵʵҲǿԵģҪһ㣬ҪȻҵλΣ
ôʹأǾͷӵλЦŵ䲻ӵ׸оЩȣ  ȻֻžòգɿȥЩĸо
ҿʲôһСﲻЦŵ 
һԵĽ΢΢һЦԱ߻һλأҪȻߣ
˵ǰ׻ֻǸоЩĻôѾǳ׵Ȥ  ôһȥѧˣȻ˸߳ҽ  УҵӵһЩ崫е˸оЩ޵ˡ
һʱ䣬ԭŵķΧ죬ܶҲֵĿʼ̸
ͷȲڣ  ˽Աߣ׵ҲûлλϾԱ߻һС
Сǿɰ߿ԱߵСЦе˵֪հ
֣С־ˡ׵Ҳǫ˵
ôأͷҽлۣҵƬ
λֱӵݹһƬ̽ɫƬֻߵһֺһ绰
ԭǻϣҲǿ˵
ۿЩαӣҲЦ˵ͷӾͲҪôα˰
һԵĻ۵ϰҲãʵ֮ǰѾ޲ˡ
һҲǰ뿪Ц˵ȥHKУʲô龡ܴ绰ͷӣæﲻСæǿ԰һģ
УʱµĻȻϴ绰Цŵ
ۿ׵Ͳ绰ң
Цűһ룬ȻϣҪҵ绰ʲô
ҵľˣһȥHKаɣҲþһµ֮ɣλСŮҽЦŵ
˿ʼϣֱͺˣʵʲôæҲûаϣģô˼ȥأ
⻰˵ͷӶЩ޵˰λɶҵľˣͷҪһЩԼ⣬ǿԵİɣ
ۿˣĿдųϿң˿Ÿоǳ׽  ⡭
ЩԥĿ˿ۣʵһȥHKҪġ
Ҹղ˺ҽҾͺСɣС𰡣鳤㼸꣬һôҲһһ°ɣҪȻɲþۿŽЦ
ϣ治ҲȥҡҵHKҪġ
һεĿ˿ۡ
ۿŽЦŵʲôҲó극˵ɣǾͲҪסʲôƵˣҼסһλ
ЦŵϣʵʶҲԵ֣ԷҿͲ˰ɣһأҪǴѵŮѼģ
û뵽£ҪСҪ棬˴ȥҲУҪ浽ʲôʱ򶼿ԣ֪Ƿ͹Ⱑ
⻰Ѿ˵ˣ׵Ҳǲ̫þܾ
ʼǾ͹ɣ
СأɶͬⰡۿŽЦеʵ
ǡǺðɣҾһȥɡ
һֱǴһ˿˿ĳݣȥƺʲô¡
ҶϤȥ˵˽Ҳһʲô¡




850±ӵĽ
 

HKʻ  ױܰ¸Żۺͽ˷ɻ
֪ǰǴȻǴ棬ƺȥЩڳˡ
˵ִݲȺţһ˺ѱȵϵġ
ۣ
HKϼŶ³һֻһȥʵΪ˿һǱߵг
ϼһԪļţӳѾнʷ
۵֪˲رĶ࣬ĶȴǺܶý׷Ķ
ϾĻۣʲǧڣһλʵĳ䣡
HKҲӵ൱ĵλġ
һλҲǲһľ˷ɻ֮ϣֻ˵ǰƽˡ
ҪףĽľǻ۵ļˡ
ĵĸм֮ȻҲǿɼһˣ֮ǿĴ°  HKʻVIPͨ۴׺ͽ뿪ߡ
ܿ죬Ǳ㿴S600γͣVIPͨſڡ
³
һӿŻ֮ҲǹŻ۵
ţλѣһؼңۿ˳
³⡭ΪİȫǲҪȼһ˵˽С΢˵
ʲôҵĻû˵ǲǣѣ𣿡һȥû£صԼˣʲô鰡
Ǻǣϣû뵽صĻͦЦŵ
һԵĽҲƺʲôۣôôϤأϣǻϼŵ˻۰ɣ
ӴǣһΪ׻ʶҵ˲࣬û뵽С㾹ȻʶңҲЦŵ
ĴҵȻ˵˰HKһָĸЦŵ
Цŵϳ˵
˸Ż˳ܿǱִHKΪĸǳˮȺ
ǳˮȺ˵۸൱ĺˣڵļ۸úܶ˶ȴ  Щڻ˵Ҳëëˡ
֮У  м䣬׺ͽǷֱҵɳϣ
˿̵ܰѾ˯ˣҲǱ˸͵¥ϡ
С𰡣ղڷɻûô˼ʣһHKǡۿŽ΢΢һЦʵ
Ǽҳ˵飬Ҫҹһ£˿ҲЩ˵
С˵ĻǾˡҪHKκε⣬㶼ң˵Ļ
ҡҡͷϣᣬֻЩѰ죡
ǺǣҸΪǮⶼ⡭۰˵ͳλľ֮ˣλһֻҪΧڵҶ԰æ
  һεĻǴޱȣֻҪΧ֮ڵܰæ  Ҳ˵ڼǿڸҪʮڣ»Ҳգһ۾ġ

仰ʱ򣬾Ȼǰ̾Ӧޱȵ
׿˿˵ҽǰ̾ôأʰʲô˵߰̾ĸʲô
ϣĲܹ˵ġ̾һǽҩģתн˻ױƷҵ
Ȼأ
ʼմһ˿䲻ӿŽ
ڻױƷгһռһľ档ԴϻױƷԺʹ˴ƣȻˣǵĻױƷ۶Ȼ½ǲġ
ǻʲôΣһҽ˵ΣЩŵʵ
̾һǽҽʵƵĻױƷҲǿǽ洫䷽ܹƳģȻЧȲϼŵĻױƷҲǺܲˡֻõʵ̫ƻǾȻúͬεסǵĲƷ
ãǸҲЩʵѾû뵽Ȼͬˡ
Ȼ˵ͬԩң׵Ҳû
Цһǵģһֱǣһúͬǵ䷽е䷽Ϊͬ϶һ˫ӵнһױƷսȨҵʱҲûע⡭
ǻ⹲ͬеĽȨ˰ȷܼ֣HKҵһܰ˵˵Ͼ̧ͷͷģҵЩ޳Ī
Ҳ΢΢ҡͷƽϲľˣԼҲ˴򽻵
⣬޲ߣ
׿˿ЦŵСӵȷɣҿоƷ£ܺùСӰɣ
̾һǽϼױƷھڶֻ࣬һǲƷҲϼŵˮ鲻ͻΪǾҺƷĻҪʱ䡣ǺĲ𰡣һǵĿĸ
ţĿģӦþΪǮɡ
ҲǲĿ˿ͷ˲Ϊ  СҲˣӦҲΪưɣ




851۶ͬ
 

HKң
ҲһΣҵȻ˵ģļɽʽµһ˾
ɽʽ磬ıʵϾΪ֮֯һɽ飡
ɽǸʲôģźܶ˶֪ġ
ɽĲҵȻСӶǣҿӦþΪƣʲôҪӦǾ˵˰ɣ
΢΢ҡͷȻļ̶ֳҲЩһĪչ
Ż۵Ҳ֪ΪʲôǻᶢһҵƵĺܣ
ÿĲж٣׿Žʵ
׳ÿĲҲ߰˸ڵʮңϾֻһǲƷһ϶׻ƾۡ
ǾˣģʵǺСģ˵ĴҵҲǸûʲôɱԵģΪʲôƫƫôСҵأ
ҲüͷȻ˵ͨġ
Ȼ߰˸ʮڵһ˿˵ܶģ۶ﵽڵƻױƷ˾ǰⲻǾţһëѣ
οϼŵĻױƷҲɰٷ֮ʮΪʲôǻôأ
Щ˲̫öˣʲôɸ˵ܣ
ϼ׬ǮҲ׬ͷǾԲƵĲ  Լʲôʱ͵ص̸УۿŽ
Լľ⼸죬õĸһHKУҲѶϹΪľܹå˾ԼҪȻǽϼʵǺĲ𰡡
Ҳǳ棬˵ȷǺĲġ
׿Ž㲻õˣҶͬУвĹ˾ͬΪ׻ƵĹ˾ôæҪģ
ͬУ
ףʵǸоЩ֣һôԼͬأ
һͷˮ
ҵĹ˾ӪǻױƷ𣿺Ǻǣ˵ͬҲûɣ׿Ž΢΢һЦ
Ҳй˾ףҲһ𾪵ʵ
һԵĻ۹һЦû뵽ᣬȻҲѾ˹˾
ССֶѣʼ
ѽѽ˭ǴССֿʼİֻҪúøɣδǰ;ǲ
ۿ׹һЦϾǳɹʿ˵ҲǷǳȥģο׻ľأ  ҲЦŵû뵽Ҹܻͦء֪ܿĻױƷ˾һҰ˵һʶء
ղ˵ǼңϻױƷЦŵ
ʲô
һ𾪵ĿףôҲû뵽ǰȥԼҪСһЩˣȻϼűĴBOSS
ֱ̫˰ĿǰΪֹ˵ϼŴBOSS˻Ĳ࣡  ڽУϼŵĴBOSSӦһʮ꿪˰ɣ
ôᣬȻԱˣ
ǿǻױƷĳBOSS
κһױƷҵˣױ˿¶ҪĪİɣ
һ̽Ӷˣ
ϼһȥҴ𺳣û뵽Ȼϰ壿۸ղŻڹ˼ңһӸоЩˡ
ϼĿǰгֵĻǧڣֻ಻٣
гֵÿ춼ڲϵӣڼ϶ûġ
ԼȻHKǰλĴУ˵ϼǰǼֱһ
˼һУֱӾͰѼеҵ˦˺棬ʵһܹġ
ϣҲֻġ
ʵҲǫ飬ױƷ˾ֻѡ
Ͼ׽粢ԼҵҵڿǾ̫幬ȻˣȻ׽ܶණҲ  㡭Ҳ氡
˿̿ףͶܹһˡ
û뵽һżȻϼŵıBOSSû뵽
۲סĳ޵ϼǺС𰡣ڿֶ⣬Ҳûʲôõĵˡ
⡭
Щ˼ĿףϾ˰æ˭ô˼أ
ʵҪ˵ƾֵĻֻͬвܹˣ
ϼĴҵʵڽϼŵƾ˵ŷǳҪġ
ҽõģԵ֣æҿ϶ǰģС۸׻˵ͷϣ˭ҲȥɣϼĴȥĻƾӦвСİģ
ЦŵʵҲ֪ҵΣĿǰòǳ۽ҵĻױƷ  ľԴҲױƷҵҪûױƷҵҲ֧Ų̫ʱˣ
ڽĻױƷ˽ңǿһ·  ǻżȥȻǲܵģ
ĴȨ
û뵽˵Ĵ󷽣һ־һĴȨ
ڽ׽̸ʱĵ绰ˣ




852ţ
 

Ҵլڣ  үү
磬ҲǴһ˿˿ʵ
СϽHKԽԽã
үүдһ˿ƣĸоȻӦҲΪء
ЩʲôЦүүҿǸյHK
֮ǰүүжϴˣɽѾ֪㵽HKпҪץвүү
ˣɽôҲһͷİɰɣ  ΪôһĲҵͶ˲ֶ
绰ͷүүĬһС鲢ô򵥣ɽ￴ǽôһСҵǶŵүүϵĶ
ǼѲɻʲôɣһƵʵ
˵绰Ҳ˵СֻҪסһ㣡̴HKҸϻ˾ˣʱүүЩ鶼㣡
үү͸һӵΣȻҲû뵽龹Ȼչһ̶ȣ  ѾǳԤںжϣ
үĽ̸ûе̫õʱ䣬˿̵ĽҲ΢΢ҡͷ
׺ͻ֮Ҳεʼˡ
û̸ݣһԵѾһ  ΢΢һЦзɻȥʱһߺˡ
Ҳǵͷǰ극߰ɣֱȥ֤飡
ԴһƬԼҲ֪Ӧôźˣ
۵ڶ׺ͽˣֻѾûʲô˼ȥԷˡ
HKĳһɽ·ϣ
׺ͽ˻ۼҵĳϣ˵Ҳ˵Ц
ܰΪһȽϵķ裬ʱȥ·ϣҲ˯ˡ
ţ
ʱһ׵üͷҲ壡
ȻҲûע⵽СЦŵֶȵ˽֮Է
Ǻǣа׵Ŀһֱע棬оֹһ  ߵϢ׻ߵϢ
Ϣƺһ飬ʵߵϢ׻ǿġ
ɽ飬ȻҲ֪ͨһ֯ʵһ֯
ֻ׽Ҳźǿѣչǵʵ硣
ֻˣô׻ߵϢ֯һأ
ˣ׻ߵϢȻʹһϢ
ҲһЦʲôţˣ  ѲôҪܹڶ᣿  ΪԿԸоõЩӦöǳŽġ
ɽѹһûУѹҲǸ߰
ôܶԽȤأ
ײ룬˲ǶԽȤǶԸղŽүүеĶȤ
ʲô  ܹ˵ʦڣʹһ˶ˣҲǲһɺ֮ģ  ȡ
һ̶ɲ׺ͽĶУ  ҪŵĻܹһͷײǰ֮ϡ

ǼʻԱһźɫʿվڳǰһߣҲŵžˣ
װŪЦһ
һԵĽҲʿˮˣץҵİɣ
ȥӦǣ֪¾Ͳôļˡ
ԥһµֶӴǶǵĿң³֮󡭡
á
װڰ֣⼸Ҫôɵİ˴ߣҲǲܵģ
⣬˼ͬʱ¶һ˿Цݣ

Ǽ˴һӲ׻ָųڵĽ
⼸˴ΪʤЦݵʱȴǵΧȻһȺˣ
Ϊ׵Ǹ˿ȥ𷢱ۣûʲô
ٸ㡭
ߴͷ֮һˣסˣ  ɽ۾û뵽ɣȻ˺ôɲǶ˰ɣ
Ǹٸӿɽ۾˴һ˿Ŀ⡣
ٸҪɽڼˣͶˡɽ۾ɫ൱ѿ
ٸٺһЦһɽڼ˴żλֽHKѾյϢǻ֪Ƕ˽ҵĺöʹһҲȤ
ǾȻҲ֪
ɽ۾ҲվסˣôҲû뵽ٸȻ֪Щ顣
˿̳ڵĽһͷˮĿЩ˵ĶԻƺо˵Լļ壬ȴоԼЩˡ
öʲô⣡




853
 

֪ǣʵҲһ塣
һǳϵ壬ֻ긴һûʷ֮У  үүһλ̤ѾõߣֻʵһֱûκεĴѣ
֪ЩΪүүоѾû˹ȺʵĻٸ߽Щ顣
ȻǼܻǱ˸֪ˣ
ĸһλױƷ˾ϯϣΪ԰һԼݣ  үүȻûи߽ĸȴ˵¹屦˳ڵļ۸Ҳġ
ĸһ⻰ʱҲǼˣ
Բ˵Ĵ֪СӾȻҲ
԰һӾͱ
Ϣ֮زеĺö˵õ
Ҳ˵ֻҪݵĻǵо綼ûκε谭
һBUGĴڣ  ֻһֱڴ˵֮Уûļʶ
ҵݵôģʵ֪Ҳࡣ
ζս֮󣬺ܶ׻ҲѾˡ
ԭӦʹһ֪ܣҲ֪ܶˡ
һֱϲǱо׻ƵĶԽǲ׵ĶԽϲо
ݻǵо֮У  ҲΪĸһδͣע⡣
ûв͸ǽϢȴбʹһĺ´̸ɭ֪Ϣ  ݣΪʹһڱصõĶˡ
ΪݣԴһǿߵĵͷһλǿߣٿüǧĸˣ
˭ϣôõĶأ
ɽ۾һοǴģĿֻһǾ½
ΪǽүߣֻҪץŽͲүӲصݸó  ٸȰ㻹ǸҹӢϳȥɲҪɽڼ岻ˣɽ۾Цһ
ɽ۾ΪǸɭǣС޶ˣҵҲ׷Ȩɣ
ٸƺȥء
ʵ⸥ɭHKӪ꣬ѾǸٹˣڸɭ壬ɽڼ岻Ǹ
٣˵Щһܵǵĵץͬ壬Ҳ̫Һʤ˰ɣ
ߺʹһ׼ս֮ʣһ˲˽  һŻǱȽϵеģϾ׻Ʊߣ
׿Ϊ׵һʮµӣʵ׽絹ҲǿԵģ۷壡
˵ĺ棬ȴ龳ڵĸ֣
ȥһĵλӦҲǷǳĸߵģҲָűˡ
ͣ㡭
ٸһˣͷҲһ
ٸ񣬲ǹHKôŲ߰ǲҪҲڰ
͵ӿŵٸ¶һ˿м
ͣǸɭһǾˮˮٸƺЩ͵ӡ
ޣľˮˮٸ񰡵ٸôҪĻҲ˵óڣΪҲ֪ǵ˼Ҫ׻ƵĺöǰɣȻҲ֪ʲôöܹôɽڼ͸ɭͬʱȤĶⶫӦòɡ
Ϳŵٸɽ۾¶һ˿ЦݣֻȥôѺá
ͣHK֮ˣʵHKطͺСHKֻ塣
һңڶң  ҽ׻ίУʽΪHKػߣ
ÿ׻鶨֧ʯΪĻǱȽϵ졣
ԭʹһеHK׻ҵĴ£Ҳǻصˡ
û뵽һ׶ΣHK߻Ȼֲ
һɽڼ͸ɭƵȻ֮˵ע⣡  ҲڵһĻ  ӣɹʵʵʵһ
ٸ񡭡
ɽ۾һ֮˳֣Ҳǿһ¡
ҵ˲ʱɽڼҪõݿ¾ϼˡ
֮һĸʣԲУ  ɽҪֶˡ
ٸҲûʲôȻ󣬿׻Ƶľڣ  ҪõݼֱǱȵ컹Ѱɽڼ֪ǽүӵߣȻҲĳ
ʵĿֻһǾǽ  ֻǿûôˣҵ˲ǺѰˡ
ǿѹͷ߰  ǵδأҵĶһһ룬֮ǰǲǵȰҵ鷳һ¡ɽ۾һתѾǱ䵽˼㣡  Ǻ̹ǵĿ⣬˿Ѿɨͺλ龳ĸ֣  ֪֮һĸԵñɶ֮һǲŻлõݣ




854ɽ۾
 

ǿѹͷߣ  ʱѾǴ֮˵⣬ݶǵջʵǷǳľ޴󰡣
׺ͽôڳڿǰһУһԵܰƺ˯  ׿˿۾бһ⣺ûµģ˯һͺˣ
һСƤ£Ȼͻ˯˹ȥ
֮
һ򵥵Ĵ֮ҪĿľΪ˲ý֪̫飡
Ͼ֪ĶˣҲһ£  Ĵ˳ţͬʱ׵ķ˹  һͨˣһɱ˾ˣٸ㿼ǺûУ
ɽ۾һףֻбһۣȻĿеĿŵٸ
ֻҪɽڼ͸ɭͿܲˡ
ͺ龳ڵĸɫȻȻҲǸܵΣ
ôҲû뵽˾Ȼܹл
ղΪʲô
ǾΪ׼ǣ˭ҲҶ֣οڴŵĿ飡  ĸð֮踸ȥ  ȻӦûģֻ͹ɽڼҰģҲ͹Ƕȡľģ  ǻݵѽݾһֱûлǣҵһڣHKУ
һҪɽڼһˣһұǽҵĶһΪҪȻĻܾͽˡ
ٸʵҲ˵˵ѣȲɽ۾ɵһ
տ϶Ҫֳһʤģ
ֻһˣһܲڷֳɣ  ˵Ҳֻһ꣬һʵֻܹһʹã  Ǿϰջ󣬶κһ壬κһ˵Ƕջġ
ɽ۾ٺЦһٸģһ˵ġɱ 
ûκԥ
СӺǰӼͬʱ֣ǽ˸оһϢ
üͷһԱߵ龳ڵĸѾӭȥ  峤ܣȥţ
һ龳ĸ֣һȻĿ֪ͣӲˣ
ٺ٣ͣӦþǼĸ˰ɣҴ˿ѾǿһƬ峤ǰ׻ٿˣһʱǲܻģ
ٸͣҵָƣ  ʵҲһֱǸɭжд̣ҲѰŻҪң
쿴ҪͿˣ  Զ֣Ȼûκεԥ֮ɫ  ֮Уһ󵶹⽣ӰҲ֪Ϣ϶Ǳڸˣ
͵ɫ൱ѿ˿ҪӣȴѾǱɽ۾סˣ  峤Ҫȥʲôط
ɽ۾һͣҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
Ҷң׻鶨Ĳ㡭ʹ˿Ҳ֪Ψ֮˲ܹѹǡ
ֻϧHKе鸺˾үӣүӲڰ
˭ֻ֪أİɣʱһһЩĺۼģʱҺЩȥɣ
ɽ۾ѾǶһλεĳȥâ¶
ಣ
һѾǳ͵ĸǰһʵϵĲͼûжĻᣡ
峤Сġ
龳ڵɽ۾Žһı
ɽ۾Լǰסߵλ龳ڵĸֱ֣ӳɱ
ֻҪˣ˱ضңʱȻҲ׻ɱˣ  ɽ۾ŵĵȷǷǳĺãһƺҲԤ֮С
ǵȻ۾ҲǱʵһɲǵ顣
ֻԼʵ̫ˡ
أ
ǵ⼴Ҫŵһ˲䣬һ⵶ٶȵĽѾǱϮ  ǵƾճ֣ԭΪɹɽ۾ŵˣ  ĻڶоЩˣ  û
۵һҲŵ۾  ɵɽ۾Ѿ˺ףдһ˿֮ɫҲҿ˿ЩĪ
ȥ
һ֮ʣȴɽ۾ϿһֺĽһεϮ  Ǿ֮ƣһĪľη  ۾С
Ǳ֮ˣСֶû˵óڣֻһ͵ɽ۾ѾһΪ
һҲǳһѺۣȥޱߣ  ԭ׼ɱ͵Ǹɽ۾Ѿǹˣ
ɱҵĺף  ࡭
һĭǵٸˣﻹ˼ȥնɱ֮ˣ
˿̵ǶСĵķţδ֪µģ
˭
ٸʿˮдŨҵľ֮ɫΪоһߵˡ
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ɽ۾ɱ  һ̣ڳ˶һ  ôҲû뵽ɽ۾Ȼôˣǿڵĸְôôأ
һɱ
ܹĸ֣ʵֵʱأ  ͵ĺҲǷһ๾ڵ黹൱ļˡ
ԭΪԼһǱ֣֮û뵽Ȼи  ٸһһûзκˣ
׻顭
׵󣬿Դȴܹ֪Ѿ˳˵ķ˹ȥ  ǡ㡭
ٸһף˶һû뵽һﾹȻĸ֡
֪ǵҪʲô
ҲǸоЩ֣ܹµõⶫ϶֮
ڵʲôɽڼ͸ɭ˵ĸȤҲһԻ
ûûʲô
ٸŴ˵ӣҲŵöһ¡
ݵҲǺײ֪ģ׻ƵߣǸ֪Ļǿ¾ûʲôˡ
Ҳʵڶ飬㲻˵ĻǺпͼ̫ˡЩڳԡ
һףû뵽ǰȻ׻ˡ
ĸ߲ҲǼһЩģֻôĸûм
ΨһܹȷǣӦѷǵС
ǰHK͡ͳ׹֡
û׿ʼ磬һ׵ĻҲһƵ˵ǡǣҲô
ٸһλᣬ㻹˵ĻǿɾͲܹˣ
׵в֪ʲôʱѾǶһ貵ķɽİš
ٸΧЩ˶һŵĿף
ΪһﵽǸʲôĶ֪
ҡǸɭģҪǸҶ֣ʱ򸥸ɭ塭
ٸ˵ܻǺҪġ
׺ٺһЦǿֻɽڼˣҪ˵Ļǡ
ҡ˵
˵仰ʱɽڼĳԱѾӭȥ
˵ԣһ֪
Ǹղɽ۾ɱ˴㹻ǿġ
ٸͫһڴڵĴŴҲ˵
ɽڼЩˣҵԸһᣡײ˵
׻ƽ֮һûܾˡҽҲ֪Ǵҵһݡ
ٸһ˵ֵʱ˻һɣ  ݣ
׻ûо̾ʱڵѾˡ
Ǹʲô⣿׿𾪵ӣҲЩɻ
ûʲôӡ󣬿ӦǱȽƧĶˡ
ʦ簡ݿǺöǸṩһѵĳְ
ʱҲЩ۵˵ݣǿǺöҪݵĻǡҡ
˵棬𼤶ݾ˵ںϲܹγɵģôܻĻأ鿴̵
׿˿ɲһ񰡣ֻһǲܹΪȴֹһһأ
ţȷ԰
΢΢ͷԭû뵽⣬뻹԰
дһ˿ɺ֮ɫǸװܲܰҵõݣ
ҪеĻʱ߾ȫݶʲôأ׿ʵ
ɶãҸ˵ֱ̫˰ֻҪݣҾܹ˵޷νӣûκεĸãʺ;ﵽһֵܹڶʱͻƵһ벻Ĳΰ
Цŵ˵ûҪݵĻʱʦ߾Ƕһ֣
ţҪݵĻǻǵȫѹ򰡣Цŵ
ٸ׾վǱ߿ԼҲ˵  ҲһĽţǰ׻Ƶĸ֮ô˵أ  һԵݣһĸоûС
ΪѹҲ֪ݵʲôֱ˵ⶫӦǸʲôö
ݣȷ
׿ŵٸӣҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
ȷȷȫȷǽԼ˵ģҲǶ෽֪̽Ϣġٸ
ΪʲôҪץһΪûеĽأЦһ
ǱɽڼѾ̽ˣݵ˿ûУ϶Ǳ֮˲䣬ǽүӵߣԡ
ٸĻ׽ˣǰѽǹƽүӵͻƿˣ




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ݣ
Ӱ죬ѪĽ
ڵٸ֮ʣɽ۾ЩˣѾȫĨɱ  ˿ûκεԥȾǰ˶оһĺ£  Ϳɽڼ˱նɱҲһļ
ΪҪλǰĻ½챻֮˾Լˣ
ɭӢ׵ģ׿ŵٸ¶һ˿Цʵ
Ӣ׵ȷǵܲܲʵӢסٸҲʵʵ˵ʵҲʲôˡ
ŶüŵٸһԵЦŵǰ⸥ɭϳȷǲӢףǵõϢھٺһ֮ϣǸɭϳڵء
ǽܲߣΪ׿ŵٸ
Цŵǰ⸥ɭӰǰѾǽܲǨƵHKиΪ֪׻ƵԴǸɭطԴҪĶ࣡Ƕսʱ⸥ɭûǵĺö
ʵģֻٸˣҪǰ͵˵Ǳɰ
ʵٸ˵ĻҲ֪Ķѣ
Ψһ뷨ǾĻصԼܲʵȻûκεİ취
ԼУȴм֮˰ɣ
һص˸ɭܲʱһ¾Ͳˡ
⸽Ǻǣҹȥ
׿ŵٸ⵹һԵĵٸסˡ
ٸЩŵʵʲôȥɭܲ𣿡
˿̵ĶQˣһǲǷˣ  뻢ڵȻУû뵽˾Ȼôɵ  Ѳĵɭ𣿼ֱ̫Цˣ  ǰ
һҪȥɭܲǲǸʲô  ΪƵʹһ壬⸥ɭǿɲǺǵġ
Ϊ׻ƾڵĻͱˡ
ôˣ׿˿ʵ
ͳǰɭʹһʮǿĺ´̼壬ƣֻǰȥ¡
⵹ϹģȷκһҪ͸ɭԿ¶õ  ûʵģ˵һ棡
ٸͣҲǳ˽֮ɫ  ҪǰȥʵǿˣȥǸɭĵ̵ĻǵʱΪ⣬ɭΪˣ
ֹףٸ޲ֱӰһһ߿
֪ԼôȥˣȴһһĴڣ  ׿ͰڰֵϵұˣҪʲôʧĻʣ
ǰ
͵г˼УҪȥĽడ
ôˣ׿˿ͣ͵ϥ¹ǰҵľˣʱҲܹĿȥɣ
ȻҸղž㣬ûеһȥһ˸ɭأ
׵ǶһٶȰԼͣ˵Ȥ
峤򲻿ɡ
⻰һһ龳ڵǿѾǸϽϵ͵ߣ
ⲻǳô  λǰȻǣĴмҪԼ峤װȥʲô
ҲЩԾĿף֪׺«ʲôҩ  ǰ˼ǡЩȷס
׿ЦһղҾ㣬Ҫȥһ˸ɭܲô򵥵Ҳ
һӣҲȥǸɭɣٸһԴ̼ͣ
ֻҪһҸԼߵĻʱȻ޻أ  СˣȻҿү
һٸĻҲǻðɣѰ˼ŷҲ˼Ҹģ˻˼Ҿˣ  ҿûпٵ˼ֻڳһʵѡٸЦһ
峤ɲҪһļ͵Աߣһ
Ϳǰģʲôһεˣҽ컹Ҫ˿׻жȱľѪԣ
˵úã˴ĴָЦЦȻ˵Ļǻʲôأ߰ɡ
ãһҧһŵǰϵô죿
Ȼǵǻˡ΢΢һЦͿЩƵ˵Ҫǻزأ
Сӣ⻹ûȥأôĻʲôЦŵ
ٸףҲ¶һ˿м  ֪һȥɭ壬ǿʼֶʹһһͳˡ
֮ǰڶʹһĲѾɣ⸥ɭһĵطּĻЩԲˣ  һеһУĲϵķչţЩʱһЩϲ
ڵٸĴ£׺ͳϷ۶ȥ




857Ů峤
 

ɭ壡
һ϶ƾõļ壬ΪԻ͵ʱڣǶսʱڣ
ĸɭ壬һȽ׻Ƶ棡
׻õĺöҲǸɭҪڵ㡣
ĸɭ壬Ϊ˶һĵʹһĴ
ΪΨһһܹڶļ塣
һιȻĿģֻԱߵȴЩ
ɭʵͰ͸˺ܶHK
ǵĿķǳļ򵥣Ҫ¶HKĿȨ׻ȴHK
׻ֻܹHKҵά
ٸô׻Ƶ߹峤˵Ϣ֮أҪЩ峤˵۾
ɭܲһʹŵٸ¶һ˿ķ
ϻˣ峤ڲڣ峤м£
ٸ࣬ҪĻ㱨ݵļֵȻ֪ġ
峤ܹ𣿵ٸΪ˭㲻һʹѡ
˿ŵٸƺ˲ʮֵѺá
ٸǣ˵һҪҪ峤˻㱨㸺𣿡
ҪȻὫˣ
ֻ֪ǣ˼ѾǱ׸ˡ
Ҳո˵󣬵ٸҪԼǵأ֮죡  ȴҲɭ峼ԼĽ£Ϊһʹһ׼  һͳ磬Ȼü޵飬ɶ˵ȻҪһҪǿ̫ˡ
̧ͷ˿ٸЦһ峤˻ôߡ
ǣǹ
һ뵽ǵĶ֮У˿̵һӱù  źķǣ峤ˣ
ٸмĿ˿ǣ׺;ͽ峤ڵĳǱ֮С
ʵϣʹһĹزû׻ôࡣ
ȻҲϸĵȼƶȣҪǿԽ㱨ġ
һ׻翴ƺЩ̫ܣ
׵ʶ̽Ÿɭܲɭ廹Ųٵĸ֣
ҪȻ⸥ɭ׻ıԵȴû˶壬ҲЩˡ
֮ڣ  һųȹ𷢱۵Ůڴ룬лһҡεĺƱ
׻粻ͬǣʹһ˸ִϢ
峤ˣʹٸֿʺ򡭡
ٸǰ֮ˣҲǵϥ¹˸񣡣  ˱Ǹɭĵ峤-ɭ
ʮʹ  ӦǸո̤ʮʹöѣƺôȹ̡
ʵȻܹ峤  ʶɨŮ˵ʵڸɭŽǰʮλѾ൱ˡ
ˣʲôְأ
Ҳû뵽⸥ɭ峤ȻһλŮԣһһλƯŮԣ
̲֮дһ˿ģƶѪͳȴ֮λŮ峤Ѫˡ
ĸǰ͹̣˸氡
һΪ⸥ɭ峤һͷӣû뵽Ȼһλ˵Ů
¶һ˿΢Цһ￴˵ŮоС
󵨣ȻҶ峤˲
ٸһ׾ȻҵϷ峤ˣҲɫĿŭȵ
٣㵨ӲСð
ݿһЦƺûκε׿ԸоóŮ˵һ˿ɱ  һԵͿ׾Ȼ˼λŮ峤飬Ҳһͷ
Ҳôҷɣ
峤ˣHKõһҪϢ׻ƽݡٸ峤Щ˷ܵ˵
ݣݵһ˿֮ɫ
ಣ  ݸҪ׼֮ʣӰ
λźɫúɫñסԼݵӳ峤Ĵ֮ڣ
ݣٸ˵ĻǼٵģ
źɫ۵֮УһٸѾס˵ٸʵ
ȴ̡ڴ̣
ٸһˣҲһ
ɭһΪֵļ壬崫жһ峤ȷ  ݸɭһ峤ǶɭŮֻǶɭݸɭ峤֮λ֮ʧˣ
ݸɭ峤֮λҲѾʮ֮ãΪʵĺܿ죬ݱֵҲǷǳĺã  㻰ش𣡣ȸɭŵٸ
ȴ̡ڴ̣ҵ˽լǾȻֱ̫峤˰ɣ
ݸɭɫ൱ѿһоǳơ
Ȼ˲Լ£׻ƵڳԼ峤ƺûκε
˵ʵھһʵĿܶѣ




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峤ǿǷ˿ŵ˵ָʾģǸɭ峤һҪǱ˸ɱˣǶɭˣ
˵ǰȸɭһʵʵѾǳԽݺܶ࣡  ɭ壬һʮλǿߵʵݸɭ֧ݸɭΪ峤ˣҲֻ˶ѣ
ȴ̵Աߣڴ̿ݺٺһЦ峤ֻ峤ˣЩСͲҪˣ
ǡ̫ˣ
ԭһ˿Цݵ൱ѿ
ȡڣҲ̫峤˷ˣΪпŵΪܣͿǸɭ棡
ಣ
һͬźɫ۵ӳ˵ĸǰ  ķ̡
һˣҲǳһ˿˿ϲɫ
ķ̣ǿð峤һˣҲǱһ˿˿Ĺ
ɭ壬˵ĸǶɭ֮⣬֣
һǼķɭΪǿŵɭ
ԴӸǶɭ֮λ´̾ͳ׵ķֳɡ
һԿŵΪףһԼķΪ׵ģ
ϵһǰݸɭģһҪȡ֮ġ
ɭڲ֮ңʼڸǶɭȻ֮ʧ
ԸǶɭ˻ǲΣ
Ҽбľ⻰һ㶼  
ķ˿ȺڣҲдһ˿Ц
ķ㻹ôĲ񰡣ͬΪĺ´̣ƾʲô⼸λϹأѲɾΪλһĳ𣿡
һĽŲһӥǵŹȳ峤˹  ŵ㡭ͻˡ
ķһŵӣ˶ˣ
Ҫ⿨ŵͻƵĻһֻѾ̤ʮʹļ
ĻôķҲǿŵĶˡ
ʱøɭ˸һҿŵϢˡ
䣡  ֮Уһ֮Ѹٵɢһۻƿȥ൱Ļˡ
׼ʮʹ  ŵĴӵ𵽿еʱʼˣ  ʮʵʵʹ֮֮⣬Ϸһֵʹ֮һԵļķоһۣ  㾹Ȼͻˡķʿˮоĩһ㣡  һԵҲǳˣſŵǿĹ֮иǸоһΣ
ķϣӽ쿪ʼϵλþҪˣŵ˿ķһЦ  ⸥ɭĳԺûɶãȴܹϳ峤
һ϶һ峤飬ĿľΪ˱峤
ֻǵ걻ǶɭĴϼķѾҪ˸ȡˡ
֮λǸʵģ
ϳ峤ҲǷǳϿҪ֮ĳܹͬϳ
ķ̾һ˿ݵԲ峤ˡ
ķ壬ϸ͸ɣûµģ
ݵдһ˿Σûκεİ취ֹ
ȻҲһλţɱϾĿǰʵûпŵǿ
ҲһͷˮĿǰĳ⿴ȥǹϷһ㣡
ЩƵĲУ
Ҳ׼ʮʹҵθԹ԰
һԵͿһ´ӣҲЩغյĸо
ոӹһٵû뵽һεĽһͬ
֮У  ŵ¶һ˿ЦݵȡڣղҺһ˷֣ܵݣ
ŵˣոմHKĵٸἰݡȿſŵ
˵ô£ŵ˿ٸֿ˿һԵ׺峤ǾȻ׻ߣ㻹ǲʺϵ峤
ŵϣ㲻ҪѪˣ
һ⿨ŵȻĿŵݺҲЩѪӿ
˵ˣǰʵ΢׻ߣҪȥһ
ŵϣ֮ǰ峤ںһءһŵô˵̴ǰ
ߣҸɭ棡һʰǣٸ˵˵ݵô£ŵ
ķݴ˿ɫ䱸Ŀſŵһսˣ  ٸһʱƵˣ˿̿ŵҲ̵תͷϣġ
˵꣬ͽ֮ǰHK˵һ飡
ô˵ֹɽڼȡˣŵ˿׵ˡ
׿˿ŵٺһЦһҪݻһ¸ɭĴϣ˳뿴ܲлɭһѣ
ŵ˿ЦϲӶᣬϲȻ׻ߣ֪ݵܣһǻȥ𣿡
ȻŵϲϸҺֻøλŮ峤Ŷ
ʼ磬ȥһ˿˿źĸо
һԵݸɭζըˣһǲǸɵȱʲôƿ  ⲻ޶˵ì




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Ϊɭ峤Ȼ֪ڵΣ  ˵ʵԼû뵽һֱܹͿŵͥļķѾǿŵĶˡ
⿨ŵһҪõɭĿȨκ鶼ҪԼ峤  ЩȻ峤֮λƵǣԼ峤ֱһܰ
ķΪԼŴϵݵĻԼ峤ͱˣ  죬ŵԸԳĵõ˴ϵݣ
ݻžĽ飬Ȼøķһ½Ӧô죿  û뵽ٸ׻ƵߣȻô˵˵ҪԼ  ⲻǰ˸ŵȻԼҲŵûа취
ŵѾһԾΪ׼ʮʹ⸥ɭһǾһˣ
磬˵ʵϵӲӲһжǳ  λ
Щǿʵȥıģڵݾ׾Ǹɵ棬һɵ棡  Ϳˣһġŵ׵ֻҪ˸һģҵǿзŹ㡭
Źң峤ɣײмĿſŵ
ֻҪһ䣬ǲǺϵŵ׳
ǵȻ׿ſŵٺһЦֻ
ʲôŵ¶һ˿Цݵ
峤ƺûдӦ׹Ц
һԵǽһడλǰǵ͵Ļ  һСС׻߾Ȼˣңߣ峤㹴׻ѾΪʵ׻ҲѾϣҪɭ峤ϻᣬΪУ
ŵһĻһ㣬Цһ
ݰһףҲ֪⿨ŵֻһͷѣûףˣ
ʱȥݣѾûκεˣ  ķſŵЦһŵ峤峤ģǶȡ˴֮λҲûеȨɡ
ķϣ湴˵ûʸУŵЦһ
㡭ݣķŭĿԲ˵
˵峤һҿʵĹ̸ģ֪Ůᰡ
ڿŵͼķ֮ʣû뵽һεˡ
Ϳ׿Цһ˵ǰҪ
峤֮ǰҲˣʹһܵ׻ƵľͼȡᣬΪԱȻҪ֮Էˣ⸥ɭܹӦҵҵǿԷŹˡ
׿˿ٸ˿Ҳ¶һ˿Цݣ
֮ԷŹǣŵһ㶣漴ЦӻЩ˵峤ҪҸҲҸһЩ
ŵϿǲѱĻ°
׻ĳŵٸķ˹ȥҲ¶һ˿â
ٸǿ׳ֵģѾǲˡ
ٸЦһڿŵϵǰȻ˵ţѲͲ´ϡ
ݣ
һĨӰӵٸǰ˿ٿǵٸѾһΪѪע
ǿ  ʵ̫ǿˣ  Ÿɭڶֵ棬׾Ȼȶ֣˶ǵһ
һԵҲǾˣǰھȻҲҶ֣  ɴ˿̵ȴЩɣ֮УǰǱ׻ߵķ緶  ٸ񡭡ˣ
һԵİȺҲһƺûпǰ֮γֵģû뵽һﾹȻŸɭ˽Ӹɱˣ
ɽ𻢣
׵֣Ѿɽ𻢵ã  ȣɱ
ŵɫ˼㣬Ҳ¶һ˿̵Цݡ
ҵԼնɱͶԼĵٸɾǳĴԲܹġ
ǣϣ
ȳſŵͷҲԼ촽¶Ѫζ
һԵݺͼķҲ΢΢ҡͷһʵ̫ˣ
ҶǸȻѾ̶ˣһǱɱһһ뷨ˣ
СӣڹԹԵĹҿһȫʬ
ȿʮʹѰ߾ԲĶֻ֣ϧ֪Ⱳӿ¼ǿˣ  ಣ
׵һĨȣ˵ע£һʧ˵֮У  ʧˡ
۾һɣĶͷһ˿顣
ΪһµʵǾԼ֪˵Ĵڣ
֪˵Ĵڣ˵Ժж񼣬˵ȥˣ
Сģȴ̡
ŵһڣΪһɼǿϢŰȵķ򼲳۶ȥ




860´һӸ
 

ɭ壡  ˿˵Ŀⶼ˰ȵϣΪǶ֪ղǸΪʲôͻȻʧ
Ƕǵʯ֮䣡  ȵͷ֮ϣһٲһ㣬ң  ݣ
ŽͿ֮ƺоԼѾǱˣ
˵ղɱٸֻɽ𻢵ĻôһնɱȣǾˣ
ҪԼ̸Ǿͱȸһӣ浽ʲôʱǾҪԼˣ  䣡
⣬ڰȵߣȵ⽣ͣϢʱȴһȫǵİѾĿվǱߣ  ˿ûз֮  һ˶ǿղǻ׻Ƶɭ嵱ɱһΪĻôڼÿ˶һ˿˿ѹ  ¡  ȵӺȻأϢҲ֮ɢ
ֹˣ
ɱɱɱ
ÿŵҲǲסſˮ̫ǿˣǿоһ£
ղŵٸûŵע⣬һΰȾȻһɱˣҲŵö֪˵ʲôˡ
˵׼ʮʹӦ
֪ԼҲûʵĵز͸ղǹɼǿϢȫʮʹܹﵽİ  ࡭
ŵǱߣסſˮڴ̣ղһﶢԼĻڿԼҲһʬˣ
峤Ǵҿ̸̸˰ɣ׿˿ЦЦ
㡭㵽ʲôˣ
ݵüͷһϵ֮ɫδȥһﵽʲôͷ  һ˶̶ûоԵʵ¾Ǹɵˣ  ˶ΪǸɵӵʱȴû뵽˾Ȼһӵžʵˣ
ʲô˲ҪҪҪɭһ׿ݺٺһЦ
ô
ݿ˿ףɫ֮дһ˿ľ֮ɫ
ǰʵЩ̫ǿҪ֪ղŵİʵǱԼҪǿٵġ
Ȼ˸һоɱˣ˵Ƕǿ  һ㲻֨Ŀŵݾ֪˵ǿˡ
׿˿ЦŵɭΪã
޿ܣ
׵ĻҲһɭΪãǲľǺ  Ļʱ򸥸ɭ¾Ҫ⵽ʹһˣ  峤̬ȺܼҪһ峤ҺкܶܶĺôҺĻΨ·һȻ⸥ɭ壬ôǾͱҪһѡˡ
״˿̿ƺʢղնˣȷס⸥ɭˡ
ֲһɱԵˣɱҲϧˣ
һԵͿף۶Сǰһɳ֮ɫȻ  Ѿ˸׼û뵽λǰո˵˼ҹԭ˼ҵʵǿ
һɱʮʹӣ͵һθоĸ˵˧
ǸʲôݳĬһᣬǿڵ
˿˵ʲôһԵ˶֨ˣΪλɱƺɱ˸һк  ʲôǺǣΪãֻҵġЦŵ
Ǳ壬һӦ𣿡ݾôףһƺˡ
ѲҪŸɭ壿¶һ˿ЦݵҪΪʹҪ壬Լѡɡ
ʹ
ݵ¶һ˿ԥʹǿòŻڵİ  ʵʹһνʹʵϾ͸׻ɽٷһ  Ǽջ飬κ¶Ҫһµ֣
֪ʵǿǵȱϾһ壬˵Ҳ̫ˡķ
Ҳ֪ղһӺһȥҲʱһԳˣ
䣡
һֳݵķץȥķʶҪǰֹ
ʱѾˣ  һĨ⳯ݵһɼǿ˲ݵ֮бŷ  ڿбһĨʵʵסˣķ˶ǵɴ۾һĻ  ǼķһԵĿŵҲǺĿף
Ϊ֪һﵽʲôʵȻ˵Ļ
лΪʹĻɭһأ  ˣ
ݵıʮʹѾ˳ʱƣϷһʹ֮Ѿǿʼɫ  ɫô̵ʱڣݾȻѾǴﵽڵĲΣ̫˼ˣ
ŵ𾪵ĿݣЩˣ
̶̵ļʱʱ䣬ݾȻԽһȻͣʮʹļ𣬿ɾһѰ֮ʮҲһԽ˰
ǿŵһԵļķڶʿˮҪôĻʹϣ
µľûϣһϣǵѡҲ᲻ͬˣ




861¸ɭ˳
 

ɭ壡
ݴ˿̸оԼһɴδйǿƺӵĴȻ  ԭЩʧѾǳ׵Ӧ׵ĸ죡  оԼʵԼۿɼٶţ
ҲЩ̫࣬ʵǿʵȻôܶ࣬Ҳһı׶ˣ
ҲΪʲôܶʱײǿ֮˵һԭ
ʵϣ׿صĺڣɽ֮ľ磡
ЩǿˣԺɽעߵĲΣҲûа취飡  Ȼˣǵ츳Ҳ֧ߵɽǿĲΡ
ʮʹڣ  ݵʵʮʹĺڣҪ֪֮ǰͣʮʹڵʵ
ôһʱ䣬ѾǴﵽʮʹڵĲΣ  ڳ֮޲Ŀɿڴֱ̫˰
ǿ󡭡
ŵʿˮһԵڣ˶оһëȻ
ʵ̫ˣ
ÿŵоһľ
Щ𾪵Ŀ׵ŵˣҡҿǻѡɡ
⻹˵
ŵղſǿ˹ӣѾǳ׵ĸıԼ뷨
׼ͶףͶܹԼΪ̻ΪʹǸˣ  κһʹһ֮ˣյĿ겻Ϊ˳Ϊʹ
ݻĴд˿̳𾪣ǳ֮ɫ  һŮ񼶵Ů峤ôֱֱĿףҪͶͱˡ
ʹһ˿ɲ׻Ƶǰ֣ϲֱ׵ķʽԼжǿߵһֳݣ  ȻҲǲģ˿̶Լ˲һʵˣ˺棡  峤Ǵҿú̸һ̸˰ɣ
ЩȻĿݣڲôڱ˵Ƕǿߵķ緶
һԵʿˮղſǿݵӣĹѾ
һһӾҪԼҲܹλǰôһµĻԼʵпܳԼϵ
ҪĻ
뵽ߣͻ¶һս  ǰ
ڶǳ𾴾ǳˣǸղ״ɱķľ
׵Ҳǲȴ˵ѡ񣡣  ѾϣѡʵǼٵģЩ˵ľǵˣ  ݿ˿ŵֿ˿ķŵϡķϡڳϣǸɭԪϣҲǸɭ֧⡭λ
ݷ֣Լƺ֪׵׽ʲô֣  ׿¶һ˿ǳЦף
λ׻ƵǿĻŸλӦҲˡ˵Ϊ峤оϵȨϾغҸɭδ򡭡
һҲΣ֪ȷˣ  ѡʱ÷ǳҪҪôٻˣҪôٲ  ֻѡûеѡ
ʵ֪ķѡԼ϶һģǿŵѡҪġ
ΪŵıŸɭ
ķ˿ŵЦһ峤ˣѡҵѡ񣡣ʲôѡҶվߵġ
ŵ׵һǸɭͶҪΪһЩʲôأ
һͳʹһ壡
Щ赭дĿ˿ŵһɭҪĿľΪһͳʹһ壡  ȻˣҪμ塢ɭһĸֳ
ǾͿԽȥˣʹһڲĻʡĲ١
սս  һ廹ǱȽϵƯġ
ʲôһͳʹһ壿⡭⡭ŵ׺ΰĿһ
һԵҲǾЩ˵ˣͣ
һͳʹһ˵óĻǵǶôţ˰  ǶһǲΣھúѣǵǵʵͳͳﵽ̻ʼأʱǻú𣿡
׿ŸɭҪΪ˶ĿĻʹһǲȥ׵ɨһ¡
ǹɨ׻һ㣡  ֡ͼ־ŵŵʿˮ֪Լѡʱ  ׾ôſŵֻҪ
ҡԸ⡭ŵʵ׼ֻǱƸסˡ
峤أ׿ݳ
ݿ˿׵Ժ󸥸ɭһΪұֻۣ
ݴӦˣҴӦĺˬ죬ֻһЩǵġ
׿Цŵ峤ȻѾȷ˺ĹϵôԺǾ׵ˣʲô龡˵ɡ
ǣЩ˼Ŀ׵ֻǲ֪ôʵأղ




862±ѺѪǿ
 

ݵһΪѾǼĶˡ
˼ҾôͽԼΣЩ߸ۣ
ҲһڴҪǰٶȵĻﵽʮʹҲһĹ򰡡
Ҳ֪˵뷨ôأ
˵ˣôܻôľʹ۰ÿһأ  ʹһͶʹһ壬ȷһЩˣ
ҲΪ˽ʹһ׼ġ
Ͼڲʹһ壬Ϊ̫幬׻ѾΪʸ֮ģ
ѲҪ綼ìͷָ̫幬  ʹһ壬˸ɭļˣʱȻһƬոµء
ټμĸ󣬵ȵһμĸ߲㣬ӵоԻȨʱǵʱͺðˡ
ԭ׿ЦŵԺеԴṩ
ϵԴĶ֧࣬ӵǿĺ
һöɵȫԷֻҩҲҩԴԴϵһԭ  ֧˴ﵽʮʹ۷壬ûκεģ
Ҳ֪ı죡  ǿصܹΪʹ׾ԲԼƿأ  һ£  ˵ĸǰѾĵҩһŨ˸оս
⡭ǡһ
һεóһöָȻЩȫ˴ָ֮ڣ

͵ӶɳˣĴˣǰô൤ҩʹ
ˣ͸ʹһˣ  ʵ̫һɣ󷽵ЩͶоܲˡ
Ժ󸥸ɭԴˣⱾҲ͸һΣյʱ򣬱Ȼ֪
һεóһ͵ݸݣ  һƬ۵Ŀ֮Уݽ׵ĶֻЩ΢΢
л
ļˣҪ֪׻ƵĵҩǶģʹһʵĽľ׻Ƶĵҩ֮ǸоBUGһ㣡  ӵĵҩܲأ
ο׸ղŵĻǸһԵıϣŵκε˼ ҲΪˡ
ڲ飬Լɣ񸥸ɭıǿ߰ɣ
ʱ̧ͷݵ˿˿
ݿЩ˵⻰ʲô˼ɭǿ˼ķͿŵˣܻǿߣ
ŵһ׵ĻҲǵͷǿߵĻﻹֵָָأ
ķҲǵǰ⻰ǴӺ˵أ
˵ı⣬һΣѲֵĴڣ˶֪
ԿԸоõ⸥ɭܲ·ֵĴڣ  һϢŹֵĺܣƺʲôط֪
һϢϤˣǿ׻ƵϢ
֮ǰʱûô⣡
ɸղĵĹ۲һ£Ϣ棡  ˵˭أ
׵Ŀ΢΢Զ˵˭ҲһЩȤ  ţǸ˵ǺɽǸ˰ɣŵƺʲô
ķЩ𾪵Ŀ׵û뵽ӡȻҲܹӦõ˵Ĵڣ
ǺǣƺЩͬʵ൱ǿİ΢΢һЦ
ʵǡǸɭսƷҲǸɭĻԻͼ֤ŵҲЦ
ݿһӣҲЦŵǺѪ峤
Ѫ壿
һֵʱԺ˲һ֣˹¡
֮ǰ˵˾Ѫģ˵ѪѾûˡ
ֻû뵽Ѫ徹Ȼ˵ǿ߱˹ѺҲһ
Ǽʱս  ѪҲǴ˵еѪһ壬һ岢ʹһĴΪЩ಻ʼ
ǰѪ峤϶ʹһԿʹһ壬ҸɭĸǶ峤ѹչ뵽ǸɭأǸɭʹһΪԻ͵ʱˡ
ŵ̸ǰ峤ǶʱҲһĳ羴
ǿߣκ˶ǳݵģ  Ѫ峤ҵʶһѪˣȥɡ׿ݺͿŵЦŵ
װ͸Լһ龳ǿߣǲҪײҪ
ֻǸɼΪǿϢѪ峤һһأ
ˣ峤˵񻹹һ׻Ƶߣֻ
ŵƺʲôҲǿ˵




863¡Ѫʡײ
 

ʲôˣ
ݺͼķ˶סˣϢķĴ϶֪⿨ŵô֪أ
ݿſŵẉ̂峤֪ô֪ģ
΢΢һЦҵĸ֪ûдģղҵȷǸ֪ɲͬϢ
ŵͷ֪ҲΪԵɺϣΪһθǶ峤Ҹһȥӹ̷ӡԡ
ԭˣ
ҲǵͷѪ֪ģѪ֮ȴ֪
û뵽ԼļоȻôܣ
һιĻڻ֪֮оȻѺһ׻ǿߣ
֪ô£׿ſŵʵ
ŵ΢΢ҡͷ峤˲ûи ˵ܹй¶ȥĻҸɭӴ˶ðˣֻˣҾþûбҪˡ
ɭ嶼˳λ׻ƵĶǿߣǻʲôأ
˵ˣŵҲױĵһκûᣡ
߰ɣȥ
ҲȤҲǳһ˿˿ĺ֮ġ
ɭĺɽ  ɽʮλʹػΪ׵һһλʮʹ
峤Ϳŵ˵Ҳӭȥ  ŵˣˡ
һ֮ȻһĿſŵһԵݺͼķˣǱ˸Զˡ
ȶϣ̫ˣŵҲƣȶǸɭλ֮һ
ֻǸſŵģݺͼķ˲飡
һѾǸıˣԺ󸥸ɭ˵˶ݵС
ǰλ֮⣬Ժ˭Ҳ֮ˡ
Ҫ˵һι˳õĺôǾ޴ģζЦˡ
ŵˣǡ
ȶſŵҲһͷˮٿһԵļ˵Ȼ飬Щ±ˡ
ߣû峤𣿾ȻһòûУֱ
ŵ۾һɣ¶һ˿ŰϢƺʱп֣ܶ  ʵҲݿģϾԺ󻹵ÿ˼ɫ°
ˣ
ʵϰˣɽػǱȶȶǿŵˣҪҲ  ںɽҲһ㶼֪ԼĸҲûи߹Լ
ֻҲˣһ֪ˣֺαһʱĹأ  
ȶһŵӣҲһļ飬ʲô˼
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ŵűȶ峤ҪĻһ·һ  䡭峤峤ԭ£
ȶɲɵӣȻſŵŵ˶ô˵˵ʲôأ
ѺɽŴ򿪰ɣҪȥ
ֻǵ˵ڱȶ̬ʵӦˡ
Ҳһˬ죬˵ʵ֮ǰһԼλó׵ˡ
ɽ⡭⡭
ȶЩΪѵĿ˿ݣ⵹뿪йذ
һ£ֻ峤һܹȥ  ڿݺһƱˣҲЩˣ
Ǹɭ֮أô˽ȥⲻ
һҪǳʲôʰĺʱһùĿ¾ˡ
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ȶϣѾ峤ͳԺ̶ķ
ŵҲǳǰˣһ峤˵㣡
ǡ
ȶ̿ţҲǵﲻǰˣһеô£
ŵ˲һֱ峤ȥҪȡ֮  ⷬɣʵЩˣ
ɽ֮У  ӰѾǽУӳһ޴ʮּܣ
ʮּȴһˣȥͷ棬ģǺˣ
ʮּܲԶһټɽǸɽҲһֲϢ
Ѫ峤ײ-˹£ŵЩһϢˣ
һǰɽ֮У׵ĸ֪͸ǵɽĳƺûʲô
Ǹ棬һʮּԱ߻Сʮּܣȥһ󷨣
ǵģŵľǡŵδ䣡  ǶǸ˵أң޳ܵļһӳȥҶȻҪѪϴɭ塭
žĵһĲ
ԭһϢĿײ˹£˿ҲǱһľ⣬ĿֱָʵǿĿŵ




864ϹѪǿ
 

ײ˹£  Ѫ֮ҲѪϵĴڣԴӿײץ֮ѪȺףܿ伣  ׽ѪȴҲûʹһ̫ע⣬ο˹¼ǳľ
׽ľӪʹһ׽Ҳ  ֻѪҪһεķչûκεĿˡ
ǼĽ׽֮С
Ҫ׽緢չ׳Ǽǲܵġ
ѪأҲǱ˷ӡײѪֳ֣Ҫ򿪷ӡҲǾ޿ܣ
˿̵ĿײȴѾΪԼҲ֪Ҫ븥ɭ弸̫ܣ  ɭԭҪնɱײȴŸҰģ  Ҫÿײ˳˵סײΪһס˿ײӵѪһǿԴ
ҪսĻѪٶȾʹһ嶼Ҫ֣
ǵսޱǿҪΪɭһϵĻǿҲץײ
ӥĿ⣬һĲ
ײ絶һĶſŵΪʵǿ֮ˡ
һǿϢֻײӵеҲֻȿֲϢ
ײ
׿ſײгһĺ棡  ߣɭ徹Ȼ䵽ͶһĵزɽӦǸɭΪܵĵط˰ɣȻ߹
ײһ׺͵ʱһ㶣漴ҲǿЦ
׿˿ײ΢΢һЦɭѾҵӪһˣ
ţⲻܡ
ײҡͷȻǲܵ飡  ǧֻΪһɣҲǵȻһЦȻҲҪΪʹ
ƾ㣿˵ϲƣ⻰ǲ٣
ײѹҲ׵ĻֻҲһãĿ⸥ɭˡ
ȻǰƺĬ׵Ļⶫܹ֮ɸΪ񲯣  ɭʹһĴ̼壬Ȼǵİġ
˳˶ߣ  ǲܵ飬ڿײ˿ǲܵģ  ƣ˴ƱˣŶˣһҹҪΪ顭
׿ſײҲ΢΢һЦһͳҲһ׵飡
Ȼ粻綫ôľԶ沢ȱֵĴڡ
ȻˣոһЩʹһѪС壬ʱʹһԿǾ׶ˡ
ʵ˫£ҪľǷ׻磡  ʵϣһͳ׻磬ЩϸɨҲûκεˡ
շңҲ̫ҿײˣַңŲھѪ
ײЦһ
㣿ԣ¶һ˿Цݵ
ײӵѪʵǿߣɲܷһһһˣǺ
ŵһ׾ȻҪһҲŵøϽ
ߣɭǣǵĵӾôС𣿡ײ̼ˣ
ֻҪܹѳȥʱ򸥸ɭͽҪѪıˣ  ײ֪⸥ɭҪոԼ̬γҪѳȥѪ屨أ
ǰ߾ȻҪԼԣһǧѷĺûᰡ
㡭ŵſײҪüǷΣ
ŵĺһŵһ׽ҲǹʲôԸ
⿪ķӡ׵ĻȻᣬ˶סˣ
ǸɭסˣײԼסˣһҪԼ  ȷ
ݵɫһѪѪǿҲ˵ģǿ
ȻȷˣӦһ΢΢һЦ
ҳ㡭ײһ׾Ȼ˵
㶼ѧ˰Цһ㲻ҵ
ߣ˵ɡ
ײףҲ¶һ˿˿Ľ䱸
ҽ⿪ķӡԣֻ֮·ߣһ·ӮңԴҡڵĴӸɭ߳ȥұ֤û㣡׿ſײЦŵ
ǵڶ·أײ׳ʵ
ڶ·Ǿ˵Ϊ飬ȻˣΪһΪѪ񣡣׺ٺһЦ
ѪһЩҲ֪ģ
νѪʵϾǸ׻һģֻзһ
ҳΪѪ񣿺ߣȻҪĻҾͳȫ㣡ײ
㻹ûлشң״ӦǲӦҵء׻΢Цŵ
ҡӦ㣡
ײĸٶȸûܹ׷




865ΪǵĿײ
 

ײȻ֪пһ֣ΨһĻҲˡ
ԼѺѾ꣬ɭһֱҷԼȥԼķӡӹˣ  ĵú²ųȥ
ײһǵԼȥǵѪİΣ
ᣬȻҪһˣҲȻ˼ҸҷԼ˵һϵİգ  ֻǴ˿̵Ѿǹܲôˣ
˵ʵǰ·һҲֻжһѣɹѪȻһε
ʧˣҲǸ  ʹ죬Ҿϲʹˣ
׿ſײ΢΢һЦ˺۵Ŀײ׶˼ˡ
ֻ˳飬һĻԼóԿġ
һҪˡҲһǵĿ׵
׺ٺһЦ˵ܲе־ǵҪǳΪʮʹһΪʮʹѪ֮𣿡
⡭˵Ҳǰ
֮ǰһֱײǿ󣬿ѾʷԵķչ
ʮʹ  ԭ붼飬Ҳôңɼˣ  ˵ǶԵģߵţúõأʵǿˣǿײô  ǿҪΪʹˣѿײһԽĸɽ
ȥ⿪ӡɡ
׵˵ǹţҲǸȾ˸ɭˡ
ŵķҽ⿪ӡ
ȷ˳ȥ֮䶤ڿײϵһſС͵ʮѫѾһİ˳
ÿγһʮѫ£ǿײƾǿһ֣һɺ֮ѾǽĲռ䣡  ɭһɫȻٴһ㣡
һˡ
ŵһݣٶȷɿİγһӡ
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Сġ
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Ȼ֪׷ǳǿֻײѪѪʣƵǿߣʵǲСİ  ׿ЦЦİɣһҾˣ
ţ  Եţ  ׵ĻݵҲһǿѪʼǿ߰ⱻ˵ĺһСһ㣡  ײ׿Ц˼ôˣֿԴˣСӣȻҺллңղʵ̫ˣ
ǺǣܹɱңҲˣֻûʵ
׿ſײ΢΢ҡͷҪɱԼһҲ񣡣  ಣ
ײһʧ˿У  ˡ
ŵҲһĿڸָоʵ̫ˣ  Ѫ
ռд˿ײѪѪǿѧ  ֨֨  һѪǽռ䣬ģһѪǽһĿʼ׵ķΧ˹
ܿ죬ױ㱻һѪǽˣ
ӰѪն  һɫѪǽһѪǽ֮У·Ҫ׸ѿһ㣡  ãѪסˡ
ѪѪǿѧټӰѪն·Ӱ
ʵǴ˰̫СײʵΪǿߵĿײǶʮʹſ
λСģʱó׼һ£ҳŲͬķ룡
˿̸ɭһ˵ҲĴ㣬Ϊƺ׵Ӱˡ
ʵ̫˰ײԣһǱһ˰
һΪСӶأʻǸ߿һˣ
ײӰһεڿ֣¶˲мζ
ǼһҲ̫ˣԭΪʲôأ
ڿҲһпеļһﰡһֱӾͱԼɱˣ  㡭ɱ
ݵ¶һ˿˿ľЩ֣ʵҲڱɱɣ  ߣɭ壬Ұ˰꣬лֱˣǶϼһأҡ
ײ˿һ˿ĵ⣬һоԼǶĶˣ  ߣôʵҲ˼߇Nɪ
ڿײʱȴ˺һֲϢԼѹ
ԭվڰ֮еĿײӲıֲѹѹ˵֮ϣ  ȥǱѣ  㡭㾹Ȼû
ײʿˮʵû뵽һﾹȻһ¶ûУиղǿֲѹоһľ
Ҳ䣿
׵ı͸һӵĲмһﾹȻҲҪնɱԼǲ




866һ
 

ɭܲĺɽ  ˸оһľΪǶΪˣ  ɵһĳ˵ĸǰʱݵ˷ˣ  һԵͽһνǵ̫̫ˡ
ԼоЩľˣղһһΪԼҪˡ
ɾһθоʱȴƭԼǾ鷭ת  նʽ
׵ɽȣһɻϢÿײ۾ɵĹԲ
࣡  ԿײʿˮһӦǺˣ
ն
һŭǽѾǹΧľѾǴݲ  ײоԼǱһ㣬֪ԼǸˣ
ԼȫʢʱڣһлǿԶܣƺ޿ɱܵĸо  ¡  ˳ſײķ£ڿײΧŰ  ײƴȫŵǿܣɻǱĽˣ  ꡭ
ײƴĴŴԭһŵĹâѾǳ׵ʧȡ֮һľţ  һεľǱǿײһ̾Щȥˣ
ֻԼû뵽ǰĶߣȻӵ˺˵
㡭׻ߣ
ײĺһ£ҲЩɫʵ
ǣĻҿԲɱ㣡ЦŵǰӦġ
ҡ䣡
ײֿ֪Ѿûκε壬ȻҲԸΪһ׻Ƶ߷񣬿Ѿûκεİ취
Ҫܹţ˭ԸȥأûԸ⣡
˵ʵҴвûпҵĳ
׶൱ǿһײӣ֪һûг˼  һڴʲôҲ˵ء
ŵһ龰ҲĳȣԽǿȻҲԽȫ
һپٵĵȻ׵ġ
ŵ׵֪ѪһԣֻҪǷ֮ǳ⿪һӶӳġ
㡭
ײſŵ񼸺ɱˡ
ѪԣŵʵϻǶ˵ģҪȻ֪顣
Ǻǣã
׸ҪνѪԣڿѪյġ
ϵ과ǲĳ
ȻһﲻҪʵĳɾͲˣ  Ѫ
һſײȡһξѪ
ײ׵ӣҲһĺˣȡѪʲô˼  ݿſײôҲѪʼǿߣû뵽˵͸ƨһǶѪ桭
˭˭˵ˣȡˡ
ײһΣҲһҪ֮ˣѪҪסġ
ʵҲЩڲܹøɭ峼ˣʲôɫ
ղʵ̫ˣŵûĶ֡
ҲԼʵ̫⣬һ￴ȥʵײôҲòԼĶְ
Լ˵ȥĻҪǻֵĻǿѪͷˣ  ײĵѾʹһĺ´̶˼ˣССѪҲ˵лˣ
̬ο
ǿײԼ뷨˿̵Ѿȡ˳һξѪȻ֪ɶģ
أ
һѪܿ뵽ǰһɫķ֮УһɫķĿʼڿײĸǰ
ûãڿײѾһ𾴵ĿףҲǱ˳  ¿ײ-˹°ݼˡ
ײ̬һľսղŵûжһװ
ҪĶһ׵ĻǼֱūһˣ  װڰֵԺԼˣôĿײԺʹһ塢ɭȶѼˣҪ˲źã븥ɭ֮ǰһЩԹ
ˣǶǹȥˣײѾûκΥ׵˼ˣ  ׿˵ڵҪʹһʹһʵӦһЩҪĶϣָܹȥɡ
ײһѾʧ˸ɭ֮У  ʵ̫ȥһˣȻڸףɲʲôۣҪѪٴεǿ
ǰԼħҲϧ
ֻǿײ֪ףȴⱲĻԵ  ˿˶һ羴Ŀף׵ĿѾǳɽ֮п˹ȥ
ʵǺܺ棬ɽ֮е˭أ
׵ĽŲĳǸ˹ȥ




867̫ڣˮ
 

ɭɽɽ֮У  һɹӴϢɽڣŰ·ʱռ䣡
΢΢üɽ֮һǿĽֹ
ʶΪǿƺκε谭
⡭桭׻һλǿߡŵҲʿˮ
˵ʵѪʿײ׵ĵ֮ǰŵ˸ɭˡ
˿ɽ֮еλ׻ߣǿҪȿײҪǿĴڡ
ɭһҪշˣʼȴ䷨
ڶԸɭӡΣǲδɱˣֻҪлᣬ˭Ҫ̻ʼǿأ
һӵλǿߣɭʹһ¾Ƕһˡ
ֻϧǣ˶ˣ
ҽȥɣǴ桭׳
Ůʵǿ峤˶˵ҲǹģȻҲ֪Ů˵ʲôͷ
ŵ֮ǰǽȥһεģֻһҴһ£  Ůˣ
üͷԭҲûϸ̽飬ֻǸܵһϢ
û뵽澹ȻѺһλŮˣһһλ龳۷Ůˡ
ûв´ĻһӡƿŮ˵ʵ»ֹ龳ڣпܱӡ֮ǰѾǴﵽڵĲΣ
龳ڣǷҲ޼
һλƯŮӣȥһλ֣ɾ峤˵Ůǵ˼ʹһ弸ϣ¶˵Ķ֣
ŵЩµ˵˵˾Ѿ൱ǿˡ
΢΢һЦһεջ൱Ĵ󰡣
˵עУ׻ĳɽڴ˹ȥ˼סĿһĻ  Ϊǲ֪׻ᷢʲô飡  һɽڲʵɽڲ沢ûж
ֻΪɽڲȥһյĿռѣ
ɽΧ˸ָĽƣŮȣѪλײķӡǼֱСӹҼһ㣡  ׸ܵһɼǿϢԼԶƺҪԵԼһ㣡  ҲܵĳǸ񿴵Լʱһ£  ƺóߵӦǸɭǿߣԼλߣ  ˶δ˵׻ĳǰţ  ˮʣ
׿ŮӣҲ㶣û뵽ŮӾȻǴˮʣ  ţӵǿʵȻǱʹһ˸ǲˡ
ֱǲ˼鰡
ѾϲüˣôҲû뵽Ů˾Ȼʡ
˵ʵڶЩʵ൱Ĵ󣬺޲ڸʮźأ
ֻϧǣⴿԵǿģ
ѾǹˣܹüʵˣԺսǾ൱İģ  ߣǺˣ
ŮӿһֱԼҲЩ߳ŭĿס
Ů̧ͷһɲǣ׸оЩޣ  Ȼ˿̵Щͷ棬һ˫ǳ۾ȴһ㡣
ϵۺ赲סžµӣǰ˵ĸһ࣡
٣Ůģ
һһŮЩȻĲǹӰ졣
ңƾ㣿ŮӲмĿ˿׵׻ߣ
Ů
ĴָŮЦŵ
ߣһõ׻ߣȻԸΪʹһ߹ǱӡȻɱ֮졭
Ůһɣ˪
ʲô߹ⶫսǽˣӺ˵𰡣˵ˣһССĸɭҲҸǵūţ㻹Сˡ
׿ŮҲЩû˵һλš
ֻû뵽ı¿ηˡ
ΪɭСһҪɱҪ㣬һ²ҪҵУ߲Ҫøɭй¶Ϣ֪δȻҪ֮أ
Ůӿף¶˿˿ĲмͽӣȻҶԼ  Ҫ˵ĻȻļһӸڳ  ӴӴӴŮλô㲻̫ðϵÿ졭׿Ůӹһֵ
ߣС󱲣е˱˵ԡ
ŮЩ£ǵϷĿ⣬һܡ
龳ڵǿߣһСӸˣԲģ
Ůʲôְĸŵİ׿ŮӺٺһЦ
вգ̫ˮ񣡡
ˮЦһʵˮͷ൱Ĵġ
ֻһѹҲˣ֪ʵҲǺ顣




868ΪޣΪ
 

ˮ񣡣
̫ھ֣̫ϳ֮ף궫ս׻֮һ
ҲΨһһλս䣬Ҳ׻Ϊʹһξ  һλ龳ڵǿߣΪ˳ݺʹһڶǿΧ棡
궫ΪҵһսʹһҲǸ˽ʮλʮʹղնɱˮ
ֻ˶û뵽ǣˮûǱ󲹵ĸǶɭˣ
˵͵컻գҲҪһıµģ  ʱĳǼȵĻңˮԼҲû뵽ԼȻ˸ˡ
һǵ˾Լ
ЩԳԼ˳ȴ˸ⲻһĪķ  ȻˣȻҲ֪⸥ɭѹҲûаʲôģǿԼǿҪΪã
ֻϧˮȰǣôܳΪɭĸӹأ  ֻһźǾûнԼǸһɱˣģûκεź  ˮû
׻û˵ҪҸˮ񵽵˭  ϧǣ˸أ
ߣʶ̫̣ˮһĴ̼ЦһǴɭȰģȰ㻹ġɲЩ˵߹ĳЩûй׻ߵ桭
ٺ٣˶Ůĵֿһǿ׺ٺһЦӦһ̷ô
׿ˮ˪ӣҲҪ٩һ£  λȥŮӣû뵽ȻһλǿߣʾױҪλɽŮ
ңΪһĹˮЦһ
˵ģڳĿ»û˸ķԼǸɭĸǶ峤Ҳа⣡
ʵô꣬ˮ񲢲ʹ޸Ƕ  ΪǶǷǳĹأûκεвȻʲôⱻӡҲûа취飡  ǰλ׻ƵߣѾǼŭԼ  һ˵㻰ģŵĻԿλѪǿҲѾǱҷˣ׺ٺһЦ
ˮЦһռ䶼ӡסˣҪСƭ޿ܣ
ѽѽ㣬ֲҵĻ˵ƭ㣬ƭʲô˰㿴ӦһҾͷ㣬ô򵥵Ľ㶼ɣҲ˰
׿ˮ΢΢̾һдһ˿ζЦݡ
˵ģ
ˮʵ֮ǰĿײҲûʲôҪܹ˭Ըȥأ  ʱ׼ˣҲǶһЩ˼  ֻҪԼˣʱǻԼ˵  ֻϧ֪֮ǰĿײҲôģǳΪ׵ĸӹ  ˮɵˣ׻һЩ  ˮò̫ڵˣЩо̫Сˣ
¶ɽɣ
֮ǰӦ˺ܰ꺭ͺ±飬Ҳһŵ  ܰ꺭ͺ±ѾΪ˾̫幬ĵӣȻҪΪԼĵӳͷˡ
ֻ¶̧ͷûеȻڸɭ̫ڵţ
ʵҲͶ˶˼ˮʵǿ󣬼̫ڿ϶ҲλȨصĴڣ  ׹һЦȻˣŮĵҲ
ͽӣȻҶԱ˼֪Щ˼˶ˣˮЦһ
ССڵСӣȻҲҪԼ⣬ֱǳıӵ˰
ˮĵȵԼųȥĻһǰСӵ۾ڳ͸뵽ĿѾԺлһ飡
ʼ˵Ů㻹ûи㶮һ飬ǾΪޣΪ⣡
ôΪҾܹͷҸ㣬Ҫһ£Ȼ㾭ʲôʮ˲㡭
ˮɱ˰񣬿ºܵˣ  ǿƣֱ˸о־壬Ͼǿ߰
ֻ˭ѹҲܵЩĸţ  ׹һֵŮǲ֪ʲôˣҲ֪Щʱǲܱ̼ġ
㡭ʲô
¶һ˿ײļЦˮҲǿһ£  ʵˮԳһֱ޸߰ƣļŮˮȻǰλ֣
ֻ˼Ķ࣬һЩˣûУ  Ϊ˼ˣˮԼ˵ˣ  ಽĳԼķˮҲӹһ˿ľ֣
ΪѹҲ˰




869ͽ
 

ɽ֮У
׵ʼմһ˿ЦݣŮȷ޶֮
ҪΪ̫ڵˣ׻Ĳʲôľٶɲô࣡
ԽŮԼԽܹ˵
ಣ
ڿնȥ˿̾ˮҲֻһҵľ룡
㡭
ˮ˿̶ԼвѾЩˣһƺоһĪѹ
ǱڵСӸռ˱ˣԼ¶оһˡ
׿ˮٺһЦвң㻹ǲ˵İҵǸҿԿǿǡ
Σ
ˮ龳ڵĸ֣һ񾳵СӵǸ
Բܣ  ҲԲܻľٶһǿߵϣ
ֻʱ̸ϣǸϹһƽصӾͲСŮĴ̼Ǻɶ
ţ  һˮ㲻ϵĴ̼׵񾭡
΢΢һᣬȻ鲻Խ˵㰡
㡭ͽӣҡҪɱ㡭
ˮƺҪԼǿʶѹףһжͽ͡
ԼЩо֣һΪʲôԼʶѹȣ
Ǽһ촽ĿԼҪ˫һģ  ࣡
Ĵӡһɵ˲Ϯˮȫ˿Ժ֮һƬհף  ɴ۾ףĴԣô۵С۵Ŀţ
㡭š
ˮҪ׼˵û뵽һ˵ȴˣ촽ѾǱ׸׵ķסˣ
ӡ
ʱշ·𶨸һ룬˿˽޵ĳҲǻһˡ
£һﾹȻܹ˵ķɣţĺܰ  һᣬƺһεվˮĺ棬ʼմһ˿΢Ц  ˿̵ˮЩľղһ˲ĴԵĸоһǰδеĴ
ôˣû뵽ԼĳǾȻһСӸˣ  裡
ǾԵĳ谡
һ˲䣬ˮλ龳ľǿ߾Ȼˮˡ
ίĿǶôǿߣջһŮ˲
˵ʵҪǴ˿̵ˮ񻹸Լôᣬ׿ɲ£  ԼȨŮ˸Լ᣿  ǽŮˣµص̫ڵĻǻҪģ  ̫Ѿױ֮һ  ѾһûʲôͬģֻڿˮȻˣһҲǸоԼЩˣ
ˮЩ˼˵ǡɶһʱ嶯һʱ嶯Ҷ˵㲻Ҫ̼ң˾ܲŮ̼
㡭㲻ú
ˮ˿̾ȻһСŮĽ̬׿Ҳ񼤵
ŮˣЩʱҪǿа
ŮŮǶѾ˼֮ˣ˵ôδϹ̫ʰɣװ뿪Ц˵ 

ˮ˿̶ҪļһѾˣȻŭգӵûа취  ׿ˮҪӦһžߵģѾչһԼ˾ûҪ
㡭޳ܿͽҪҳȥҶҪʬΡ
ˮǱţռһļ
ֻôףƺһûκεĶԼԼʵǲ˲ˡ
׿ˮٺһЦɣҷ㣡
㡭ΪƭңٸһҵĻҾ͡Ҿ͡
ˮоԼвһöûУ֪Ӧô˵ˡ
ִ̼ң
׿ˮҲǺٺһЦ
ˮͷһڶǰһûκεİ취  ԣ˵ˣ
ͳһöҩˮٺһЦˣֻҪöҩұ֤㣡
⡭ʲôˮ¿׵ӣ˻¶ǼƤ
һﲻʲôҩ֮ĻҪĻԸҲһóѵģ  ˸֣ܵ޳вȣоԼζըˣ
׹һЦҸղһʱ嶯ɶôһ£㿴ⱩƢһҪҰˣҶֶŵô죿öҩ˯һӣѹұ֤̫ڵ֮ڣȻˣҾԲôġ
ƭأһĻˮЦһ
׿ˮٺһЦҪ㻹ôҵĻֻ˵һźˡǿһ㣬ʲôΪôһϹҵƷˡ




870
 

Ʒ
ˮоԼһ⣬ôһҲԼĸǰ˵Ʒ
Ȼһ飬һĸǰԼʲôҲɲˣҪɱܣ
һģ  ˵ģҪʲôԼֹ˵ģ
ղôķŭôвһﾹȻǻԼһ£  ʵǲ֪һﵽ
Ѿǵµĵز
ˮвûԼķģСЩνţǲԼġ
ҲˣЩ˶ƺһзϣ  ЩˣڴһԼ·ܹԼи
࣡  һжΪ˵ȴһĳ֣Ȼ죬һеƺСӵϣ  ˮղűĴԵһ˲䣬˶ˣ  ָоǰδУѵ˺Ůָ֮о  ʵڵԺ֮ҲһƬĽζУ֪Լڵôһ飡  ȻںҪնɱǰͽӣȴԼ˼ڷһ츲صı仯
֮кֲͬڲϵţԲȥЩ飡  ʱҲҲ
˭˳أ˭ߵһأһ˵ģΪ⣬һǵޣ֮֮
ѡвʣ˵ĳ̶ȣ˭Էأ  ŮǺûУ׿ˮĿתӣҲһεЦ
ȥ޺ļһʵˮһıƣ
ˮһԾͳԣ˭˭
ˮʵԼԼһ̨£һγȥЩأ  һһķԼʱԼʹɱȥնɱȡԼǵ  ˮһصˣһǳصˣ  ûзּ֮׵Ļԥնɱˣأ  һж˵
׿ˮӣҲЦŵ֮ǰҪһ˵Ĺ¡
㡭ٺ˵̹
ˮЩ˵һǲҪ˼㣬ʲô˵óڡ
ҲˮˮЦŵôץطģ
ߡˮһҪشһκε⣬˿̵̬ȱ
ֻǺܿ죬㿴׵촽һεĴյԼĸǰ
ǽһһһҪɱĳ嶯
ҡ˵ˮ׵ӣҲЩŵ˵궫սΪ׻֮һ˳ʹһƺõȦ֮С
⵹ЩˣʵǴ򲻹ҪӦûİɣ׿ˮ
ǵȻҲϲ׸ˣˮ
˵ţоϻô˵ţʶʱΪ׺ٺһЦ
Ͷɭ𣿺ߣ׻Ƶ߸оˮӣҲһ
һﾹȻͶʹһ壬ûйˣȻҲ֮Ϊߣ  ׿ˮٺһЦҶ˵ˣûͶɭ壡⸥ɭѾǹ˳ҡ
˳㣿ƭذ⸥ɭȻʵرǿ󣬿ҲڵСܹƿصģΪһĹ
ˮмЦһ
һʱ̸ΣЦŵڹĵǣ˭ĳҷˣҿ϶Ҫ˱
˭ˣҪˮû˵絨޳֮ˣ϶һˣӣҿҵˣСȶӶҪˡ
ţ㿴ڿǿ߶ûжһ£֮𣿡׹һֵ
㡭
ˮһεˣһǼƷ  ˣ˵˵˭ɣǿǹͬĵ˰Цŵ
̫ϳ׹ңˮҿɸ㣬׹ʣʵ龳۷壬ͻûͻƵ龳Ҳ֪ߣҪұҵſ
ٺ٣֮ҿ϶Ҫ׹ǰɣ˽ˡ״ֵ˵
ˮ׵ӣֱӱˣ
Ҫģûм˲Ҫģ׹ҺųƵĵһˣȻʵǿģȴ쳣  һҲ˵ҪΪԼ𣿵ʱȥ˿Ҷʣ
Ҫңˮ׳ʵ
ǵȻЦŵ
ݣ
һöҩѾǽˮУڼˮҪȴѾˡ
ܿ죬ˮѾǽ˳˯֮С




871е仯ˮ
 

ɭɽ
˶ڵȴ׵ĳ֣ǿױһŮ˳Ҳһ
ţĺܰȻֱӴλǿŮ޾ͳˣ  ȥŮƺʧȥʶ
ǡ峤һ״˳ҲǼæѯʵ
׿ݳҴˣ
ɡˣǸɭǡ
ǵģղŵĿײ϶ǲܶԸɭ̫вˣ  ڵ˾˵ˣѲһҲѾǱշˣ
ŵһŵЦŵ峤ˣŵĴŮ޳϶ȫ׼ŮѾ˰ɣ
ǣֻǰŪȥˣ׼ߣ
װڰֵûյôĵĵز
˵ʵ׻ƵߣǺѪ  ϾѪ˵˺еģԽǵ˸߽Խֵܹĳ
ˮǿǴˮʵǿߣҲһ屦ôˮΪԼأ
⡭Ǹɭô찡Ů޾˵һλ֣ҪǻĻǡ
һĵˣһҪǱˣɾʹˡ
ԭʵҲΪܹøɭһεǿҲΪܹΪʹ룡  ҪǱ˸ˣǲ֮ǰ˶סˣԺ϶ûκεָˡ
ѲҪָױһȻǲܵģ
Ͼ׻ƵߣⲢͬͬ壬˼ôܶԼôأ  ɭ廹ǰ߻ӢװɣϾǵĸݵز𣿺ٺ٣Ҫܹչ׳һЩȻǸõģ
׿Цŵ˼Ӧף  Ҫһͳʹһ壬չ׳϶ǱģҲ֪ײŸɭ壬жʹһѪİæ
ƾЩʹһҪһЩ鷳ҲǺ׵ġ
˼ˣɭ嶨Ȼʧģݳ
һԵĿŵҲǵͷǼ̰븥ɭ壬ܲһЩ߾ˡ
׵ͷ˿Ȼ΢һ£ȥȥͻأ
ʹ˿̶ѾͶˣȻǲסĵͷ
˵ܹʶһλǿߣԼѾ൱ţˡ
ױˮ뿪ߣ˿̵ˮѾǽ˷ӡԴԴϵĻ
һ·ˮ׻ķ򲻶ϵƶţ  һ֮У
׽ˮ£Ȼ⿪ϵĵҩ֮ʱˮҲתѣ
⵽ɽ絤ҩҩ൱ǿģ  Ҫ֪ܹһλ龳ڵǿ߻˯ôʱ䣬Ϊ׵ģ
ˮ¾ҪѾǶһԣ  Ҳڸʲôִ¶Ӧÿ϶ǻҪġ
ˮһֽһ͵͵Ŀˮ
ˮ˦˦ԼĶͷԼһİ֮УҲЩˣ  ǡǼһķԼ
ˮסļԼ壬ԼǼһɶˡ
Լ֮ҲǳĺһЩ˵Ҫļһû뵽˵ͦġ
ˮ˿Χ˵¾ȻһֽҲǼ˿Ȼдţˣ¶̧ͷɢ
¶ɢһﾹȻҹԼ
ˮҲû뵽һﾹȻ˵ԼҲġ
ڵȻڴ¶һ죡
ֻԼڶ֪ʲôˣ˿Լʶɨһ飬Լüأ
һߡˮԹԵ˵òҪ㣬ҶȻҪÿ
׿ˮѾû֮ǰļˣЩ⣡
֮ǰˮ񻹸ԼƲҪɱԼأѾҪɱԼԼÿһ
̫ڣǾȡ֣Ǹ־̫Ե  ڵ̫ϳ׹ңǾ޳֮ˣ
Ȼͬ壬Ϊһ˽ˮ˸ʹһ壬ʹ
޳ܿͽǲǽأ  ųһŵڣȻ˵ĲһЦ
һλصɭʱѾϱһǱߣ  СӻǺӦĽɫʮʹǱһ۷СӣҲǸСˡ
׵ҲǶСͦϲģ鲻
;뿪˸ɭ壬HK׽ڼ۶ȥ




872¾Զ
 

HKң  ܰסңԭҪȥģԼһİĻ֮У
˿֮ѾһƬκˣ֮ǰЩһֵ߸Լĸо
Щ˷߱ڣоԼһȫµ磬ԼûнӴġ
ΪĵľףһҲ֪ܵʲôطȥˣ
ͬʱҵһ鷿ڣ  һӵԱվ֮ǰһˡ
峤ˣûүϢ
һӿҵ峤ȥɫҲĺܡ
Զ͵ĸףҲHKҵ峤  HKرĳHKУͷ  ׽粢ͬҵıһɽ֮䣬ɽĺʵϾͨҵڣ
һ˶ĿĹ߶ѣ
ԶǸ˵үǸһˣǸһɱɽڼɽ۾
ްԣ峤˲УΣӿ˿һվŵӳԶ
һεӵ峤ˣҲүǸȥ˸ɭܲ
ְֱǺ֣һǰͺֹˣһֱˣû뵽ȻҺֵ˵ĵزɭʲôʵѲɲֱ֪뻢ڣްĻᰡ
ԶһɸֵӣôҲû뵽ԼĶӾȻΪ˵ĵزֱ
峤ˣջ֪ʵ˳ֵĻҵȼѾǱɽڼ͸ɭָˣѾˡ
ߣHKĵ϶֣ѲҪΪ𣿡Զ
ʵϣԶԼҲ֪Ҵ飡  HKһΪĵطΪطǰһֱǸɭĵ̡
ҪΪͷ˵ĻһĲô׾ͳΪHKİ  ֻ⸥ɭѾ¿ˮ̵ĵزˣǲϧҶ֣
һеʲôԭ  Ŷ峤֮ǰһ˵ˣ⸥ɭɽڼΪ˽һҵСɭ˵ΪһݵĶ
ʱƺ㱨飬֮ǰһֱ͵İΣ˵ʱ˵ĺֲܴڣûἰݡ
ΪζʶݵǸʲôҲ֪ⶫʲôã
ȻȥǸöվӦҲһζҩģ֮ǰҲûе£  ˵ʲô
ԶЩ𾪵Ŀ϶ǳֳһĨ֮ɫ  ݣ֮Ȼ׽磿ôأ  Զ֪ݣ˵֪Ҳ֮ǰ˵Ϊϸ֮
û뵽ȴ֣ôܹľأ
峤ˣ֪ⶫԶ𾪵˵
ݾ˵ֱֱһɽٷǿ߰û뵽ȻдԶЩŵĿ
Ҳǵɴ۾Զɽٷ찡  ̵ͷҿȷ˵ݣĵʲôǾͲ֪ˣпǸɭڴҲ˵أ
ҿĿԺܴˣдﵹҲһʱᣬ˵ˣ⸥ɭ嶢ϵĶѾǵ˰
ԶȻпǺܿĻָƽ
֮ɽڼ͸ɭ嶼֪ˣǲлġ
Щ߰˼絣һԼӵİΣʵڡ
Ҫ֪ɾôһӣҪ˵ĻҪһˣ  ǰ峤ˣҪпΪסһԵҲǵͷ
ԶСӵҲһ֣Ȼ֪һһĵСҲǸɵӰ˸ˣ˼Ūȥ˸ɭ壬
峤ˣ峤࣬ӦûµġǸǰʵǿᣬӦһĲȥɭġ
ҲЩҰο˵˵ʵ֮Ҳ峤׶༪ˡ
ͲҪοˣһôֿܵһأֻϣ⸥ɭ֪ҶӵݣǸ̸С
ԶϣȫǼˣҲ֪ʵɭûаҷУ  һ̾Ϣ֮֮У
Զ峤ˣǸŮŮô죿
ڵһܵʱ䣬ûүϢǾȥɡ
Զ̾һиоһľһĨѾӿͷ
峤
Զ˰̾ʱȴһǸо˼




873𾪵峤
 

ұڣ
ԶоԼĶ˵⣬峤ôأ  һԵҲһ˷ܵĿŶԷȻҲû뵽漣  峤ˣ⡭峤ˣϲ˵
һԵҲǵͷǰ峤ˣǸϽȥô°ɣ
ţҡѾܵ͵Ϣ
ԶϾΥĳһĨ֮ɫȻҲΪԼĶӹе˷ޱȣ  ɾôһӰľ֧ͻ˺ܶ࣡  ʵ ԶԼǷǳģһȥǲμĴᣡ
û뵽֮ԼĶӾȻ˸ȥ˸ɭ壡  뻢ڵһûԶιȥ
ɼԶԼĶǶôˡ
Ҵڣ
һ˷ܵĿ׵ǡɶҡھȥҵ
ǺǣãѾˣ΢΢һЦ  Ӱһܿ˵ĸǰԶ˵Ӱ  
ͿԼϵʱҲһ־ΥĸоһΪԼҲܿԼϵˣ  û뵽Լȥɭ嶵һȦ֮ھȻΪ˸ɭϱ
ԼоһĲ˼飬ֱ˰
СӣһһΪһȥ˸ɭأԶҲ΢΢һЦ
СΪƭԼûȥɭ壡  ǰү˰ǻΪȥɭأ峤ҲΪ²ء
ҲЦŵڿͻˣҲһ
λؾǰɡԶףҲǰզһ£ܸоЩ֣  ģȻӵնɱڵѾ൱ĲͬѰˣ
΢΢ֵǰǰˣСҿͦϲģҪȻҰɡ
ǰԶЩԥ˵Сӣҿ¡
ҾҪǰɲ֪һȥɭ塭һ˷ܵ˵
ʲôǾȻȥ˸ɭ壿Զûһϲ
ıסˣ־òܣɭ壿ôȥ
˵ˣȥ˸ɭĻƾ͵ݣܹȻĳ  ǲܵģԶƨ붼òܣ  ȻˣѹҲûпǹ׵飬Ͼʵ̫˼ˡ
ʲôϵôԾʲô⸥ɭѾˣԺHKͰˣǲʵҲνɭڿʮֵ𾴡
һûһ˵ţһԵԶоԼСӷˡ
峤ûɣɭ˶𾴣ʵЩ̲סĿʵ
Ϊε˸͵ĹϵǳĲЩʱҲǾԵĿЦ
Ȼˣ˭ں˵⣿һԵԶҲǶ͵
ͳǰɱķǰ︥ɭѾǸ׳Ƴˡ⸥ɭѾǰˡ
⡭ôأձ󰡣⸥ɭʵ̫˽˰˵峤ǶѾǴﵽ̻ʼʵˣ⡭
Զ׵סˣʵǲ֪Ӧôˡ
׿Զ峤Ժ˵Ҳ鷱࣬ȷһ͵׸ߡ
ǰҡһ£Ǽ͸ȥĸţ
ԶȻҲϣԼĶгϢͷõ̫ѽˡ
Զ֮ǰͨϵҪԼĶӽһЩһ¡
û뵽ջʧˣΪܶŵǳϸ񣬶ԼҲǵԼĶӶʮԺ뵽ġ
ʮ꣬ҪһŵѶʵ̫̫ˣ
ܶΪϴԣ˶ЩС¶֪ʱ˭Ըһʮأ  ʮ꣬ñŵԵףԸɳܶྪ춯صˣ  ̫幬׳
̫幬Զʿˮһȥ˺öھ̫幬Ϣ˵½һšû뵽ǰȻǾ̫幬ˡ
ôˣôǺǡ΢΢һЦңHKԺҲž̫幬ɡ
ǰ⡭Ŀ𣿰ʵ΢˼ҲһͬⰡ
ԶҲһĿϲֻ֪ǰ˵˭
ʱȥű˵׵ѣȥһˡЦŵ
ǡ
ԶСһĵͷɵ׼л׵ʱͻȻ֣˴ľһ㣡




874²ʶ
 

ף  һ֣¾ˡ
λ磬νɱһĴڣ
Ҫ֪λصף½ľ̫幬ˡ
ڵĴѾҪ̫׸ˣֻҪǸ˵֮Ƕǰզ࣡  Զһȥ飬ľǾ̫幬Ĵˡ
û뵽ǰλȻ̫幬йأҺпܾǾ̫幬  ǰ˵ף
Զף˶ЩҪеǸ˵Ļʲôˡ
һеĲһλǰƺи鰡  ҽȺ͹ҽȹǿɣ˼ҵǰǲҲǹԹԵĸһ  Ҿ˵һؾֻʦܶˣҽɱذ
ҽȵλ龳ڵǿﳽҲն£Ⱥƣ˭ܹ赲أ  ԶˣԼĶΪʲôһȥɭܹȻˡ
ԭȻǸպĳȥ˸ɭ壡
Ե
ԵԶþո¶᲻Ե  ǺǣĶҵɻҽʲôҪɣ׿ԶЦŵ
һԵ͵ǰͽף֮ǰڸɭ壬ЩʮʹǰҲǹ
ǣݹ٣԰
ԶһϲĿף˿̼Щ֪Ӧ˵ʲôˡ
׵ǺǺһЦʶң
ȻȻôһ仰ʶǻ𣿡
ԶĲǿţһۼ˺ܶźͼˣڼ֮еĵλʵǺܸߣ  ԽˣԽϲЩСϢͰԣ  ׺;̫幬ѾһŻˡ
˵߱磬û˲һµġ
ôʱˣһ𽥵Ĵƽ⣬ܶҲڹţ
峤ˣû뵽ǰôһԵҲǾ˵
ֹǳҽȺ͹ҽ֪ɣԶ
΢˽һЩ˭֪󳬼ŰֻϧŶţ൱ţ
Զ֪ΪʲôԼ峤˻úõᵽҽȺ͹ҽȣ
һεؾνǴɱķҽȵ˶޵ˣһҽشڹҽȺҽΪԱˡ
ԶϢ׶֪Ϣ  ҽȺ͹ҽˣһˣ  ûа취˹ͬĵ˾̫幬ڵĹҽȺҽֻδҪҾ̫幬飡  ĳҪַ̫幬飡  ⵹úܶ˿ˣ˺˵ǲżЩƨϵûеˣȻôż
ʲôôţ棿Ҳʿˮ˿ڿףѾ֮ǰݵɫǱʮֵľˡ
ҽȺ͹ҽȻ֪Ƕôţû뵽ǰλȻôţ
ԶĻҲüҽȺ͹ҽˣ
ǧȷҽȺ͹ҽϵϢƺ֪ˣȻ֪ԶЩʵ
ʼһ׶δ׽磬һЩ״ĲǺ

ԶһҲǱŪû˵ˣû뵽Ȼй׽磿
ˣ峤Ȼ֪ҵݣǾͺðˣHKѾûжٵвˣɭҲңӦ֪أ
׳˿ԶҲԸҶ  Զ˹µHKңЧ
峤ض͸߰ɣҪؽ׳
ǣǰ̫幬ǰ
ԶҲ֪ʲô²˳٣˼˵ˣȻҲҪϰ  ʹ˿ҲǼѣ˵ܹ̫幬Ǽֱϵ¸ڱˣ
֪׵ôĻԵԺվ֪
ףǼֱǳɵĽݾ  ܰѾ˯ˣԭǴŷɻȥģһȥɭ廨ѵʱҲеࡣ
ֱӴ˷ɻؽҲǷַӵ飡
˻һǾͻᷢԼˣ  ڣ
ݵϢ֮ɮһ߶ţҲһı
ʱҲ֪ݵˣɵеķأ  ҲǾֱӳŽҵķȥ




875½үӵ
 

ң  ʵѾһûĲܹûˣ˵壬ʵѾ뵽׽֮У  ңҲǽүһǿһߣ  ϾڻһڵżߣĻѾˡ
үҲʮֵϻݵϢԺҲЩʳѰ  ˵ʵҲ֪ݵֻǲ֪ݵжô  ףСȥHKôˣⶼˣôһĶûа
磬ĸףҲǽϼŵˣ
ϣүүĿǰѾ˾ӵĻƿҵľơ
ϴ˿̿ŽݵϢֻһˣôй¶ȥģ
ݣһζҩǽҽһЩĲҩҲģЩν˵
ϸϢʱʵû˵٣ʵϽԼ֪粢ߣ»ʱ仹ûء
ֱӰܴиԼĿǰΨһŮҲǽϼŵִܲý  ǽû뵽ԼĶӣȻֱӾͽڴ֮ͥ˵˳ȥ  Ȼϲ֪ݵʲôϴʱǿľǱܣ
ΪѵϾ˵ˣһ֪¾ǽҵ֣֮
ֻ˹Ҳǽҵ汲û뵽һ顣
Ҫ֪ݣ¾ܹһһεĸˡ
ֻݻûгѾҪ֮ˡ
ɽڼ嶢ǣ  Ҫݸˣ粢Ϥڶ֪Ӧȥ˭ȥ
ⶫˣӵĲˣ  ǽҵĹ屦ôʵ̫ϧ˰Ҳܹ˰ɣ  ϿŽžһ¾͸һƣȻ˶ΪݽһͨĲҩҸ㣬ⶫֵǣֻ㲻ѣΪСΪʲôHKΣգΪ˶Ǽݡ
һҩڹܹʲôطȥѲⶫܹɣ
ʵ⣬ԼҲѧҽģѹû
ȥҲûҵκιݵϢЩ˼⡣
ƶΪʲôԼĸ׻أ
粢֮ˣ֪ⶫҪõ磬ǿܹȷѪĶ
̾һЩ֮ǰûи˵ȻѾϣҲ㽲һҲҪ׼
״ˣʲô飿ôôء
ˣʲôܹԼĸ˵ࣿȻԼ
ǽСԼϸĽ̻֮£Լǽ϶ִҲǲκε֮ĵġ
ֻʵ̫ˣΪһƲҩʹԼֵĺܣ  Ͽʼ渵ѽҵĻԻͺڵǶ˵˳
Щɵˣĸ񻰲࣬ôܹأ  ɵԼĸ׾Ȼһڰ֮еʱѾЩˡ
ΪѾǵ߸һֱĿѧۣ  ףû뵽Ȼɣ
һĿŽϣΪɺһϾһ㶼
ɣҾǸλʮǧأֻܹһŬײѡ
Ȼ֪ݵǸʲôģɽĺܶҲ֪ġ
ΪһָϣǽҴģҲܹúܶ˽ôһ  ˵ֻҪ飬ϺܶණͶܹˡ
һףû뵽羹Ȼһƴ簡ӦþƷˣ
ݵǸʲôģʵҲ̫֪ȻƷұЩ죬Ӧⶫϵ
ǵȻ˰ҪȻҲܵűһˣֻ״ˣûػĻǵ˻ȡһЩԴʵڰ
ҵȻ֪㱩¶˵ĻȫҵЩеߣܲһʵļ۸ڡŪÿ»ɱ֮
ϵɫҲ൱ѿ˵ЩѾǿ̲ݻˡ
ѾˣʵڲеĻֻܹŽҵ˰ˣ  ᵽһκ˶ҲǵĵطȻѣ  ǽܲĿŽɣ  ɱ֮СѾ
˿Ե쳣ʹ࣬û뵽Լ԰ڵһ仰ȻԼΨһŮ  ³
⣬һϹܼҵ˽Ŀ˿ϡ
΢΢ͷСҶţȥ˾ɣԲܹںȥˣǵߡ




876ߵĽ
 

鷿⣡
С㣿Юˣ
λϹܼҿ׺վڽм䣬Ա߻վһСŮҲЩ䱸ʵ  ѹʱ򣬷ԼѾԼˣ
ҲһĲ죬ЩҲЩˣԴһο˷ȥʱоԼˡ
ڿϹܼңҲǸоһе壬λѣҪһүү
ҸղѾͨˡ߳ŽҲ΢΢һЦ
С
ЩۿԼŮղԼ׵һ֮оһı  ҪԼ˵ôĻԼŮΣ  Ķ쾾ˣҲ֪ҪԼ˵ǰ㣬ҲΪˡ
ѾǮȨܹˣ
֣ôڼҰԼĸ׾ȻڼңҲǲʵ
׺ҹ̸飬λǡЩɵĿ˿׺͡
Цŵ֣λѣһιҪһүүҾͰǴˡ
үүʲô飿
ҲЩɹˣԼ˼ǱȽϵȣ  ո˵Щ˼飬˶ûлء
ǽ
鷿ڣϻͳɤѾǴ˳˽֮Ҳһϲ
СͺϲԼŮһΪİǣֱӺɽڼֱˡ
ҲԼŮվ֮УԼŮѾǷ׻ˣҲһο
˺ܿ˽ҵ鷿֮ڣǶԼ̫ʦ棬Եľϣ
һԵͿ˿ϵ˵ܲվ˵
ʲôôүү˵أһôᣬԼүү˵˵Ҳһ
ͿŽٺһЦûүӸѾǺܿˣС㣬ҿɲΪԼΪүүá
һĿ˿ͣһһѾڵ˹  ߣ
ԭŵĽһ𾪣һӾͱQ  ϳҾ֪ǰݹ٣ʧԶӭʧԶӭ
õõãҲܸƽЩģҲûйϵǸ֡ǰǱҪˡ
ָָףȻ֪׵жôţ棬Ѿ޵ˡ
һӻڻҪԼܹǰʵĻ綼ܹˡ
ֻϧǰҲû˼ʵ  ϣλǰ֪λǰݹ٣кιɰ
ϵ̬ȷǳϣѹҲ֪ǰλСӣȻߣ  ֽҵڣΨһߣԼүү
û뵽һӼλߣҲǼ쳣
Ȼˣ˽ûнӴǶġ
Ŀǰڵʵ¼˭Ҫһǰˡ
ֻǽΪģһԵĽͽ;Щίˡ
ǽоԼүүϰʮˣȻҪҾⲻҪ׺  үүʲôΪʲôҪ񰡡ƵĿŽϡ
ϰڰֵ£үү飡
үү
һĲϰ׿Ǵͳ£һж߸ˡ
ҿȥԼүүĸԸֱ֣ˣ  £
ҲҪԼŮӵĺµǰλǰ
ҲԼүү˵֮ϲŭ޳ɱľ飡
ȻԼŮ˵ѣһʮֵĿµİ  ˺ˣСӸ£֪߲֡װڰֵ
ǣǰ
ҲЦ˵ʵղҲûֹ
Ϊ׻Ҫ飬ݣǿǾ䰡
һҵ˲˵û֪ǰʲôط  ʹüΪ޳ܵѻ󷨣һЩаħʲôأ
Ͼȡᣡ
үӣǽҵҲ˵ˡ׿Ž΢΢һЦ
ҲңǰֱӺҽϾˡ̵Сǰȣ
үүʱиʲôɽڼʲôɭҪץ ɺҾ˯ˡȻ֪ôξͻؼˡ
Ҳһľ档
лǰҼŮľ֮΢֪ôˡ
ЦŰڰֵؿһʵҪĻΪ˵˽үһֽݵĶ
ҲΪ˴Ҽҵģ
һ׿ھᵽνݣҲǺüԵ
һƺͱҲЩεʼ磬ҲǱҪõġ




877͸ǰ
 

鷿ڣ  ɫҲһԭΪֶǿ԰Ǽҵġ
û뵽ֶһԼүү¹ȻҪԼ洫ı
ϳСûʸ廰ǰС֪ǰ֡
׿ŽЦŵʲôҲӦĺܡȻҿˣҲԲǽҵģ
ǰɲҪᣬС⺢ӴС߻ˡ̴۵
ŽϵүүݵʲôΪʲôӰҸͿˣ
˵ɡ̵СģҲǸող֪ġ
˵꣬Ͱ֮ǰϸԼĻظһ飬ĸЩԼ࣡
⡭֣㿪ʲôЦ
ʵţѾļˣһӾȻðɳˡ
Ѿǳ׵ı߸ˣţǰǴŵģ  Сүүûи㿪ЦΪȣҲΪʲôҼλǰҪһԭ򣬰˵ʵǿҲø񣡡
ʼȻΣҲһʵ  籾ʵΪһжǳΨʵбϵģ
𾪵ĿԼүү˵ղ⣬ôЩˣƵʵʲô
ϰڰֵ˺ˣǰղᵽݣӦ֪ǽҵˡ
Ǻǣ֮ǰɽڼ͸ɭҪץǵĿеõܣЦŵ
ݶǽ˵ֱʳ֮ζ֮ϧ
ϵһ׸оһ˷ܣүӶ֪ݵã  үӣ㿪ۡ
׿Ž΢΢һЦʲôȻӦ  ǰҶ֪ݵʲôãӲ֪ԼҪʲôô۰ǰŮķϣҪȻҾ͸ǰΣ
ʵҲ͸ףûа취
ڸɽڼ嶷ѹҲ˼ɽڼ壬Ūû֣֮  ʵ̫̫ˣܹìת޵ĻǶڽһ£  ȻϾЩϧڶλǰϾǾȹԼŮġ
͸˼Ҳν飬͵͸İˣ  ͸ң
Ҳһ˵Ĵ֮⣬õĻԵˣ  ȻˣԵҲԼһ˵ģݵĿҲ൱Ĵġ
˵ݶκ˶дô
İ£ǾܹӳЧ֣
ǰҲģϣǰܹǽƽˡ
˵ʵɲϣϳ׵ıսˣĻкȥأ
Ȼû⣡״һӵүӣͳĳһΣҲĵģ
ллǰллǰ
ϻΪǿЦû뵽ײǼٴ󷽣һĺܴ󷽵֣  ȥݰɣЦŵһνǸٶĻҲˣ
ʵԼô룬ҲΪʮа˾Ųġ
ΪֶǿĶ׽УȻݵĴڣ
֮ĳ׽Ļ㣳ˣ  ǰ
ϳ׹֣Ȼ˽һ֮С
ʵϣ׽֮ʱҲ̽һңδݵټ
оЩ֣Ͼʵ̽鲻Щˣ
ҵǳͨ׽еʱȴ֮һ̴ľĺӡ
Ϣݣ
̴ľԱ߲һֲҩʱЩȻ
ݵϢ̴ľеĴ֮󣬼ż¶ôһ˿˿ȴҲѾΧıϢݸڸˣ
ϢݿͨĹЧȴǳĴܹڸǺܶϢ
ղʶ̽ʱȴҲһɨδط
û뵽ԼĴĴ⣬Ȼľݲ
Ϣݣ  ҲһˣܹŪ˶ıϢݣҵҲ൱Ĳˡ
ݡ
ݵݸףڶڽүѾʲôһˡ
̴ľĺӣһϢ  һĿϲֻδʶݣҲ̫ȷ浽ǲǣ  ͬʱڵģ  ǿʶѾǶ̴ľĺصɨӣ˿˼׵ĸܣ
Ȼݡ
мһ˿˿ĿܣоѾһĲ




878ػ
 

ȷݣ
Ļ֮ʣһԵҲǼ˵
һЦȻݣҪǷɽ磬ҲǻһȷѪ갡
ǰ棡ò˵˰ŵرȻ׽磬޷󰡣Ҳһľ̾
ͬʱе̴ľѾʧ  ֶ֪Ǳ֮иΪʵڣ׽ϾǱһֺȥ
ҪΪϢݵĴڣϢѾȥˣ
Щһｵһﰡ
ϢҲǱһ㲻ʣĸˣֺöȷ൱á
ʧˣ
˿һĻҲһһԵĽҲЩ  Цŵлүӡ
ǰ̫ˣҲһֽײ𣿡Цŵ
׵ͷүӣȻװݣȻҲ㣡
ǰˣҲ΢΢һЦƺһ
ʵƵĲУ洫ȻͶͲȥ
ҪɽЩ֪ݾȻҪͳȥĻЩɽҲͷǽײо˲ˣ
ݣ֮ֱǿֱһɽǿߵĽݾ  ãЦŵүӣΪĻرһý𣡡
ʲô⡭ôܣ
Ͽɲ˵Ļʲôط˵ĵط
˵ˣүҲǶԼĽûκεģϾ˹оûκεϣ
Цŵ׽о
֮УĶӺŮ֮⣬ǣҡ
үӵļУҲʣ׽ˣԼĶӺŮ֮⣬ûʲôǣң  Ȼ˵Ļҽбǣ׽Ҳйϼš
ЦЦʵϼŵĲҵҲǺܴ˵ˣٴҵȣҲһˡ
ǰ׽вҵĻԸǰȻ֪ǰۡ
ϳҲΪļ˵ʵһֱǷǳ
˼ǰ˵ԼһȥУһֶˡ
ϸӾԼʲôͳȥ͵ֵˡ
ֻ֪ǣɲһʲôоܹġ
˵Ѿ׬ˣ
Уʱ˽־ˣ׽һһЩҵС֪ġЦŵ
һߣ̵ͷǸϻױƷģԭɣֲôء
˿ƺ뵽ʲôҲͨˣ
ЩӦܵˣоһױƷʵҲûʲôֵġ
ϻױƷԭǰģ˵ءҲЩȻЦŵԭһҪʶʶ˭ܹƳĻױƷء
˵꣬ʾԼĶӽóȨ飬ȻǩԼĴ  ϼŵĹɷѾǳ׵תøϼţ  ױϼŵĶ³˫ǩЭȻҲЧġ
̫幬
״Žߵʱ̫幬ҲһƬ͵ա
ľ̫幬ΪĿģûʲôĶǵĴڣ
Ϊʲô  ΪԴȱΪЩˡ
һ׹ɲΪ˸Ұˣ˵ⲻһСѣ
̫幬ѾΣ֣ҲҪİŵһ顣
Ȼˣĸ֣׵ĵ֮  ʱ൱׾ѡһ˽ռ䣬Ѿռڿʼţ
İæҲ൱Ŀ죡
ˣˡ
оĿǰƣ״һ˵Ƚ´Ҳ
װڰֵλ°ɣϣ⼸λһ£⼸˶Ҿ̫幬кܴĹףһҪ߾ȫţ
ǣˣ
ڶԽԽˣȫû˵ʿ˵ַ緶
һлʵ˵  ˿׵һɾһĵطҲһļ  ǽϣЩӯΪһֱ룬ȴһֱŵĵط  ڽ˵̫幬ĳſνһˡ
Ȼӵݣݶڽ˵ľ֮ǰ˵ʳ֮ζ֮ϧ  Щܹӳ޴ĹЧڽҵϿʲôЧҲˡ
пܴΣ
ôʵǶ御ˣ
ȻҲ֪һ㣬ҪȻҲôļͽ֪ǽȴ֪ǰλһֶ͡
үҲǵóԸˣ콫˰֮Ҳǰ齻ȥ죡
Ϊղ׸˵ҪҲǺܿĸ˻
Ʋܣ̫幬ƺѾΪʸ֮ģھ̫幬»Ҫһ¶Բˣ




879ʸ֮
 

̫幬´  ׶ڽ׶֪ҲǺܶ࣬Զ˵мҲһЩ  һΪõݣ״Ȼؾ̫幬
ܹҪģҲûʲô̫
ԭŵԼļ˽̫幬һõȥǾĵ㡣
żһԭʵΪ׵ʱ⻹൱õġ
ܹǶһ죬Ҳһ²
ԺǼҪõʱ⣬ҲǺˡ
ˣðԭ׼أЦŵ
ϣЩ̫ƽɣ׿ҲЦŵ
һԵſ׵ˣѾΪʸ֮ġ
ʸ֮ģǾ̫幬ڻǺúõվ𣿡΢΢һЦǹ͸ŵİǺܶԱġ
ţʵ֧ţ  ׶Լʵһµߣļˣ绢
һ죬ǿǵֵǧǧνĸˡ
ǵɽ磬ҲǰʮĴڣ֮ҲǸһ  ֪ڡ̫Ϊ׵ţƺںᣬһͬˣݰӰõϢǵĿֱָţ
ҲǳȻ׵Ŀһͳ硣
ô̵ʱڣˣӦòһ¡
ߣڼΪµһţȻẦһոľ̫幬˵ķʶǿ
ҲЩ΢΢ҡͷ˵һһ˵
ȻָʵҲ飡
ԺųһŵΪţ̫幬Ÿɣⲻò˵̫幬ˡ
΢΢һЦˣȻǾ̫幬бףȴҲһ棡
Ŷ׿΢΢һЦⷲлһ棬кõһ氡ϣ˵˵
֪ԽЩһԽֳܹҾ̫幬Ŀǰܶɢ޺һЩ½Ҫŵӵܣ󲿷ֶǾ̫幬ҲҵһЩӡ
ҲЦͷȻȵԴҲǱȵ˲ţ  һŵǱ˲Խ࣬ŵǱҲԽ
οھ̫幬ĸִϣһЩѾʼ̫幬ˡ
ƺ˾̫幬ԳΪֵ֣úܶ໳ҲǶԾ̫幬ˣ  ΢΢ͷ̫幬˲ŷ棬һҪ󾫣
ˣĿǰҲѾ֮ǰμźѡЩӣﲻ˫ʱǲ迼ǣ˫ǿģԵҲֻ¼˫ĵӣԵͺʣûУ
ҲǳЩεҡҡͷϾЩ̫ˡ
Цŵκһ磬ŶǱ󾫶ɣеʱ䣬ҪĿľ˲ţ
Լǣ󾫶࣡Ŷˣһ飬ҽȺ͹ҽȡҲǳ
ǰɣϢѾ֪ˣǺǣܹƲˣһζǵĴܴ󰡣
ҲЦŵ֮ǰҲǸоһľ档
ЦŵһǵʧʵЩأˣȴҲûа˸ԣƺûκεĶ
ˮڣ׳ڻҽȡҽȣֻҪǵΪУ³Բ̫õģȻˣλҲҪץʱС
ˣЩģȻźõķչɱϾչʱ̫ˣ̫
˵Լĵģ̫幬һżż龳ĸ֣  סڣҲ˶ѣ
龳ĸ֣һ˵ţĲˡ
ֻϧֺֹʮλ龳ĸ֣
龳۷ĸ֮٣ںڵĸֻһЩġ
ˣʱ̫幬ǿһСѹ  һγˣҪ̫幬Ļǵʱѹֱѹ
΢΢һЦԣҪľ֣
Ҳ֪սĻ
ֶκֻܶ࣬Ҫʱգʱ̫幬϶ǿֲĴڡ
һǷȱľʱ䣬ҲΪʲôһλԭҪڶһֳ




880µһ
 

֣Ҫķ̫̫ʱģʮģҲǺѼʲôЧ
Ҳ̾һҲ֪̫幬귢չʱſ»Ϊ֮̾ġ
ʱ䲻ˣ
ʦҽȴɱķ֮һ磡
նɱλ龳ǿߣⲻеΣ  Ļڵôڰţ׼ַ̫幬أ
ʵǲǾþ̫幬ҪˣǾ̫Ե  ʱһڸˣǸʱţѾΪˡ
ǺǣҲһΪʲôһԭ򡭡΢΢һЦ
ѾжԲˣ
˽Щ𾪣Ѳܹܶĸֳ  ҪĻҪʮ˸龳֣˭
ǶԷмʮ龳ĸ֣վһģ̫幬Ǿͬ飬һ¶ģ
΢΢ͷһǸνǺôడһЩ˲žۼ棬ʱڳ龳
ˣôʱĻ龳Ҳüʮϰʱ䰡
ͰĻʱõʱ䡣
Щ˵ĽǰˣǰҲѾǼ˰ɣ  ǺǣطʱȣʱЩͬ
ʼմһ˿Ȼı飬ֱ˵ʵЩ̫ˡ
ЩҲѾǼʶ׵棬ЩҲǼֲˡ
֮ǰҲ˵ģ˵һЩɽٷǿߣܹͬʱİܹʱγ
Ǿϵ˵  ֮ſʿˮô˼һ죬ǵü찡
ӦģֶҲûмҿˣЦŵֶĻǾ̫幬Ϳǰ˰
ⱦʱﵽһһ٣Ҳ˵һ꣬Դﵽһ꣡
׿¶һ˿Ц⣬ʵδܹɽһϣ  йоصķչµչˣԼҲѾˣ
һһ٣⡭ôܡ
ʵʷпֶ˵Ȱʱܹﵽһ
һѾ˲ܹĶˣ
û뵽һ֣Ȼܹıﵽһһ٣  ʲô  ˵ֻҪ̫幬ҪֵĻһؾܹһˡ
Ȼˣ龳ĸѶȲС̫幬ܹлͻƵ龳Ļв١
ͳЩʵЩˣѾǷǳˣ  ˣĵԺлڸǽͰɣ
ɨһȦΧԭһЦݵɫҲǳƺҪ˵һҪ飡
ˣʲôֻܽͺˡ׵ĵǣӦò³׵˼
׳λܹλҲϣλܹõĸұܣҵ˼ãΪҽλεˡ
˷ģҵȾҲܳ˷ֺ
ͷ̬ʵԴӸ֮ʵҲûκε˼ˡ
񿴵ԽԽǿݷˣ
Ҳһһ̬ڶ˵̫幬ǵڶεĻᣡ  ʱʲôʱôķأ
׿˿˵Ī̡աϪΡС塢̷֣˰ʱ޿ռУڸλһ֮룬źܶ黹Ҫ̸λ
ˣھͨΣЦʵ
׵ͷ֪ͨǵ´ڰϪ
ǰˣ׷˿ؾ⡭ҲЩε˵
ǺǣؾŰɣĿǰؾû˰ɣʵ
ؾûˣҲ֪⣬¡
ǵĻǺȫģϪ֮壬ҪһƲסĻʱȥٶ˽ؾǶǰ׸  װڰֵˣҶȥ֪ͨɣϪǱ֪ͨɡ
һʱ֮󣡣
һ˵ȶǳ񱼶յ˿׵ĵҲһļ  Ƶľ̷ˣһﵽĿǰΪֹҲǸոŶѣ
ڻûдﵽأ  Ȼ˵֣û׼ܹõܵиɣ  һеĻٵôﵽһβУܷܲҲֱɰɣ  ֣׵ǷǳӣǿܹסɵۼǿߵĶ
˴˿̶ף
ǲ֪׵ҪʲôģЩ˵ˣΪ׶ıġ




881¶ɽٷѣ
 

˶ǿף  ǲ֪Ҫʲô˿ȴ΢΢һЦȥ쳣أ  ǼǱھԵľӢҲδҴµľԱڶʱԼʵʱ򻹻ǿָǡ
׳νǿǿɵۼǿߣǿţﰡ  ʱһͷˮ
ЩĽĿ˵˵ûǺпδһͻ龳ϣλܹŬ
һͻ龳
Ī̵һվоʵЩ˼
Ȼ츳ߣĽӴ磬֪ԭô׵飡  ÿһεͻƣоһּ尾  ͻ龳˸оûиʮʮģǺѵģ  Ȼǰ׵ĺܣûһʱĻۣҪڶʱɼǲܵ飡  ֶΣҲ֪ģǶ׼ٸʹá
ΪЩ츳ڣǿʵ˵ڵķչƿ
״ǿʵ
ˣҲҪɻˣһȥһռ䣬ʱǾˣҲڸǽһ
ȵĵ㣬Ȼ֪ģ  ˲֪ʱ״һӣ˸Ѿǳ׵ʧ˵ĸǰ  ʲôˣ˵Ȼϣ𾪵Ŀס
΢΢һЦȻطǾԵĺǲκ˵ġǶҾ̫幬δĶ֪Ҳ޷
׵ٶһ˷ܣҪ֪ô˵ˣ͵ǵԼ˿ˣ
ʵڵ̫ϳϣҲûмĹ
û뵽ȻԼ˵Σôܹжأ
ˣҲҪ߹⿴ˣȻǾͽȥһ鿴ɡ
һεĽӽԼռ֮ڡ
Ѿ׼ˣռڳŨһ˿˿  ˵Ǽֱ°빦Ч֪һʱ䣬Լ¾Ƕܶܶĸֵġ
⡭氡
ط˸оɾ֮С
տĵطһĸ֮ٲȻһɽŵĸо
̨ͤ¥ɽˮ㣬һƬոտķ羰һ㣡  ˿ŶоЩ¸磬һԴĸо  ʦŨطǱǾ̫幬Ҫԣʮֹ
С忴ףҲǼ˵һҲѾˡ
Ʒʵ츳ǳĲ  ֮ǰСǽٵӣҲ档
׿ŽССĵһڿչĻǲ
ˣ鳤ʶģԱߵλ񲢷ˡ
죬оһֻһƻ֮ûиоֵ֮  һ̵֮ǰң𣬽ֻһƲл꣡ʦ취һʵء
Ԫ⡭൱ѵİ
Ȼ֪ԪǳļѣܶʱԪĸҲ൱Ĵ
ϾǱ˵ģʵǿҪռ˵壬ҲоԵʱ
΢΢һЦӦòǺѣ
˿ӵݣǼֱ練ư  ЦŵϣѾѡˣʵǿᣬԺǿ棬Ҫ𾴣
˿죬ǹ桭
ˣ˵ǰλ˿϶ƽˡ
ټһƲлܹ꣬˵𾴣ͷӦǷǳĴġ
˿̬̿ȣҲ¶һ˿˿΢Ц񣡡
µľһ׵ˣϾɵۼǿߣӵȻҪġ
һҪ˵Լ˵ĻӶûеطǳˣ  񿴵׶Լ˵𾴣лܹܺܶ࣡
Цŵʦܣ׼ôˣ
ǺǣѾҳ׵ĸˣҼԪ棬ӦÿԷӳǿĹЧЦŵ
ҲǵͷطڸŲԣʱͻƵ龳Ҫһ£пǰɽ٣
ǰɽ٣ǲǺ𣿡
ʿˮɽٻǺ£ǲζлˣ
ֻϧ˶֪׵ļƻһļƻǷǳĺΰģʱǿҪͨɷͨһɽ磡  Ǿܹɽʹ׷٣Ϊɽһˣ
ЦŵλĳĸҲĳˣҾͲλˣɽٷѣ
ɽٷѣ˶Ǹо׵Ŀ൱Ĵ󣬲Ī̵˶ĪΣ  ЦŵҪôͬʱɽ٣ʱҴŸλһȥɽ硣ɽ粢Ǹλǰã
ˣĿǶɽٳɣ˼ʵ
Ҹղ˵ˣɽٷѣǳȻҲѣˣЩԺٸ˵ɣ˵Ҳǵ񣡣
װڰ֣ʾסˣȴԸӣ
Ҫ֪ɽٳɣǿߵĿ꣬һɵĿ꣡  ˾Ȼ˵ףôܹأ




882±һ߸жɵ
 

ռڣ  ˵϶һ˿ĳ֮ɫȻΪ˷ܹȵµġ
ɽٳɣ
һȷ˵˶ɽٳɣ˵˺֣  ǸΪʲôΪ翵  ӣƺߣܹоĳ˵У
ˣϤһ»ȻУ׿飬Ȼ˵ԺǵĵʦϣܹϤȡλĽ̻壬մﵽ龳ĲΡ
ǣ
˺ȻӦǣǶԣܹڶ̶һʱﵽȲξģ
ЩȻ׵ĸǱ˴֮ľҲ൱Ļ۵ġ
ͷ˭ԸԼȱ˲أ
׵ļŮ֮䣬ȻĲ˵ⰵһ  ǰ׹ʱܹվԵĳھ̫幬Ĵ֮ϣ⼸ιʱŮһʧһ㣡  ֪ڷڵ׸ṩһƽ̨ѣ
뿪ߣ㣬ʵҲһοȥһţ  ĵطһƬƮ죬Ҳûʲôں֮˵
ȥӣ쿴ҲЦŵ֡
棬֮֮ǰȷЩðɡҲЩ͵˵
Ͼǿɵۼǿߣ˼ҳΪԼĸӹԼҲǲܹܵġ
Ϊ֮УȻҪѭдһգȻ֮ǰ֮򣬲֮ʵֻ⡭
ʱҲЩ¶ıʵĨľһӡ
񿴵׶Լ˵ĿͿڿԼˣ  ˼ܹˣԼʲô˵أ
ϾʱͬգΪΪͣ  棬ȥɽȻӴѪҧҧ˵
Ȼ˵һɵۼĸ֣ǿģʵҲν飡
ʱȻ˵һҲЩ𾪣
Ȼ֪ԼļֵԼôһɵۼĴ֣»κ˶˵ⷬġ
ɽ֮УԱ֤֮оҲҲһ˵Ļˡ
ǺǣֺαñЦأҲҡҡͷĶѣ
΢΢һЦ棬˽׵˶֪˵ԼĻ
ǺǣѲͲ±һѪͻɱ𣿱Ͼ豾
濴ϵӣ˵ʵЩˡ
ͨЩ˽⣬ָ׵˼ʵ֡
Ҫ֪֮䣬ǹĶǵʵ繬һ㣬˿ŶоЩĿϾӣ  棬˵ʵڻȻҿԽѪȻҲҪԼȫ£˵ЩìܣԼԼ鷳ҾӦôΪֻгΪĿԲ𣿡
Ҳʵʵ˵һ궼ҵˣôܳΪϵأ  ж
һ̾ȻһСӸжˣ˵ǰĻĻѹ
ƱǿѾΪСӵˣ  Ҳֻľһ֮žԼľȻ֮֮ǰһܴı仯
һʼķŭѣڵĳ侲ٵָжоԼǰḻ˺ܶ࣬Ҳʵ˺ܶ࣡
һɵۣ˾˰Ŀ飬һξĥѣ  ľҪһβζУ
΢΢һ̾ڰֵˣضԣ㣡Ҳڴģ֮ԲᶯëΥģ֮
棬л΢΢֣˷һһ㣡  ʵϧһɵۼǿߺһûгɵˣܹﵽһ磬Ҳ൱Ĳ׵ģ
֮䣬Ӧһ˵ԵְɣʵҸоһƺͰźõĳһ㣬Ҳ֪ôһ£
淴о൱֣Ĵ׵ʱǸоһĲ죡
鲻˵ɺϣԼҲоʲôֻܹ²һˣ
׿Цŵ棬һ֮ǻоһݵɣڵĵ֮ҿҪ⣡
΢΢ͷţ֮ǰ˵Ѿѡˣ
һҸоͦʵѡһˡ׻δ䣬СѾǵߣ΢΢һЦʦ磬ʲôҪ˵飿
Сܲ֨׿СϢĳԼߣҲû˵




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鰲źˣǰ˱ԣ
հź֮һﾹȻʼطҲ൱Ŀ  ֮Ҳһ㶼໥Ӱ죬ȥǷǳĺгģ
ЩƣϾǻõȵȲܽǵʵѾǿˣһӽҲνˡ
˸̸飬Ҳ棬ϾʮֵŨ
˵ܹһҲһᰡ
ĳ  סλBOSSվһԣҪĵĶΪҪġ
ݣ֮涼Щֱ֪ⶫ׶ôˣ  ʦ磬֮ǰ˵ҵ˸ļٵİ鿴ʵ
һԵҲ΢΢һЦҸղѾѯʹˣ
ЦŵҲûʲô˵ģȻһҾ˵˵ˡ׻һţΪڣ
ʲôڣĪʺ棿ЦʵҲ֪ڸײԸ
֪ȴ֪  ȻǼҪҲԲܹ̫ˣ츳զΣɲǺҪô׸ģ
ôʲôʵʲôԣ
ü⣬ҲʵЩȦ
ʼ棬ֻ֪˽ʲôʲôʵһһ㶼֪
ǽʲôʲôʵ׷ʵ
˵һкпܾԼδҹòСӦˡ
Ҳ൱Ͷ̥ˣͶ̥ҪͶõĻԺ˵ɵˣҲ֪ܻܲŽɽأ  ׹ң̫ϳϣӦ龳ڵĲΡ
׳ܹȲεˣԴ֮⣬ҪԵ츳ġ
ܹεģ̡̻츳棬Ӧö֮ˣ  Ͼߣܹﵽεˣ޼
龳ڣҲףԵְΪĵͷ
׵ģȻҲ׵ģ
ܹһԴѷȼµģǾ൱ţˡ
ҲҲܹ
츳ԲԲԲָӦöǶĴڣ  ãֱǸԼƵһ  Ҳͷ棬ʦǲٺ٣
л濴Ҳһ˷ܵ˵
̾һʱ򻹵ü°Ҫնɱˣȴһ׵飡
ʶʵ
ҡҡͷʶֻ˵ѣƷզأˣԺǾͻ֪ˣһɴӦ龳۷ʵսǷǿߣӦñ֮ǰǸﳽӵѲ
ٺ٣龳Σ˽ҾˡٺһЦ
ЦŵҸϣӦûģ˵ˣⲻ𣿡
˵ݣҾЩƣݵ׶ɶðһС׵Ŀʵ
ɶãԭֻһƲлǰɣֻҪͨݣϿԽԼܸ߰˰ˣʱҪ׹ҵ壬˵練ٳɹĸʮֹ
鿴Цŵʵ֮ǰԼҲǳеСķա
ΪʲôմӦΪˣ
ĿԼĻҪǿûκε  ǺǣҶˣ
óݣ˿ҫ۵ɫѾӳ˵
鶢ݿֿȻǺöһοɱ˰ԺҪǳɱǴСܰ
ⶫܳ񣿡𾪵Ŀף
̾һʦ磬֪˲࣬Ҹ涼֪ܣݣǿĻ˵ݣĸʿֹȻˣǰԴﵽɵۼĲΣﵽɵӦûʲô⣬ԡ
ķǶԵģΪʲôôݣǻΪ֪  ҲЩ˵Ҳû뵽׽羭˰ļ尾ȻȵʱҲҲ
׹һЦͽԵÿп࣬λ˰
ʦ磬һݣҲ˰ɣⶫҪǴɽ类˷ˣҹƼɵۿ϶Ƿˡ
ҲЦ
һĸʵʱҲһս
³ĴУһλԵˣһεHK֮УֱΪԼһ㰡
Ǿͷ˵׿ٺһЦҲǹһֵֻҪͬ⣬ҷû




884Ѫ
 

ҪѾǲʵˣֻû뵽ǣ龹ȻҲԼʹã  һ뵽ⶫǿĹЧȻҲЩʲõ˼ˡ
ΪԼҪ˷ǳĶ࣬ʵԽǿʵҲԽȫ  ΪʲôôţΪʵǿ
ΪԼʵ㹻ǿĻͱ˸˲֪ٻˡ
ݣ  ѾƯ˿УһҵĻ֮ƺڲϵγţ
ݵľʲôطҪγɵ޾Ļ֮
ռ֮У  ݽӳ֮ܿ䣬γʵʵİɫСȥɷǿɰ

һһСѾǺĲлںһ𣡣
ԿԿóһܵı飬СϵԼĲлΧţ  ܿ죬һ˿֮ǿҲԿԸܵĳϢϵǿţ
鿴׵ʦ磬㻹ŸʲôѲҪһ߲ɣ
ߣҲһ  ȻˣٲȥĻĻʧ
ԲΣΪͷӣҲΪʲô˿ԥһԭ  Ϊ֮翣ҪߵĻҪץס¶ûа취ģ

ҲѧĽⶫ˽ȥܿоԼ֮ƺһ㣡  һ״̬˲ռȫ˷ʧһ㣡
˿׵ϳֳһ˿ɫĹâӳռ֮УԵøҫۣ  Ѫ
۾һɣһ״Ϣף
ݣһʴѪҪ֪Ѫǿĺö
֪ʲôѪоԼĻ֮ƺ֮ǰҪǿ١
оԼѪҺ֮ǰƺҲЩͬɫŷ츲صı仯
һߣ  ˿ѾǻָŽ˫۵Ҳ΢΢һ̾һǲĺ
氡ʦ˰ȻѪԺǵøʦһ˰
ҲЩ۵Ŀףָʶܹ  ˵õݵĸ֮һĻôȡе֮ѪĸҲֻ֮һ
Ҳ˵һѾõˣ
ѪһĴﵽɵ۲εģҳĸҪʮֹоԼЩ۲ˣ˱˰  ҲƣΪûҪѪҲûκεĻģ  һݺһݶһĸʾѪ  ֻһ˿ᶼǲˣ  ûѪ  鿴˵棬ͽ͵ɣЩɵ۵ĸʴʮʦʲôϵԺҪǶˣɽ绹Ǻ𣿡
˵һЦѪľѣһԺֶ˲ٵĺô
ǰʦԺٶȻԽԽ죬ʵҲԽԽǿǿѪ֮ǰЩνľ֮ʲôģǸͲһεģЦŵҲΪ׸оˡ
Ͼһپ٣һģ
ѪѪ  ɽ磬ѪǾһ㣬ȻɽҲǳֹģ
Ѫ֮ˣҪôزۣҪôͻΪ춯ص
⻹ûȥɽ磬ѾôİˣȥɽҪɱ͸ˣ  ΢΢һ̾ԺɽעҪһȷѪˣǼλɵۿµɱŵʱǾͻΪʲôҪһɵ۶ûдﵽˣ
ߣڣϿȱľǺҩΪûУ
ҲǱŷһɱλĿ
״˿תѣԼı仯֪һЩģֻ֪ô£
ѪһûҪһﶼ˼Ļ¾ѪҲ֪  һһĽѪҪԼôʲôĶһ飡  һ˷ܵĿ˵ôţ棿
ʦ磬ɲôţƺпܱţ档Ժȥɽ壬ʱVVIPĴ
ҲڱȽе˵ЦŵһԵЩۣ
ΪѹҲɶVVIP  ٺ٣һ׬˰һ˵
һ׬ˣԱλҲֻңƵ˵
濴һû꣬ôô
ЦŵҵõôõôͨʱҪҳˣҲԵõҵĵᣬԶô
е
һ׵ĻҲ˷ȷ
Цŵһεȷ׬ˣѪõ͵˵ģһɽ֪ˣʱּ˰
ǰѪҪ͵һЩԼôĶ֪
׿˹ֵļ˾鷳λٲ˰¶̧ͷͶһɡ
һµʱ䣬ҵȵ𡭡ҲǹЦ




885еƵĻٶ
 

̫幬  ˿һľ㵣ǻڻζŸղ˴ȥĵط
Ǿһߵʥذ  ڶʲôʱܹȥһ
Ҳ֪Լ϶лģǲż
ˣǿռֱ̫˰Ҳһ̾˵
һԵŸǼ˵ˣĿռ֮󣬼ʱǾ̫幬޵簡
޵ǳ飬ҵĿɲֹڴˡѲɸλͲҪһɽķô
׵üͷչڵԼܱߵ˿ʼӦɽĴˡ
˵ˣⱲӶûԼлܹȥɽ磬ϣ
׹һЦԺȻǻлģֻҪŬһṩһƽ̨ˣĿǰ׼ôˣ
峤Ѧ峤Ѿﱸ£һǴ㿪ɽɡ
ҲЩ֣ɽɲһССɣΪʲôصѡɽأ
΢΢һЦҵ˼¶һͬǰɽɣʱҪ̫ڿ
ʲô˼ǡһ¡
̫ڣǿλʮ󳬼ŵĴڣʵ͵Զһܹİ
ˣ¶ֱӸɽɼɣʱһźܰ꺭ͺ±ǰɽɡ
׼򵥵ĽһҲҪڹ׸ʲôˡ
ԭ׶ڴ˴ɽ֮вûʲôڴһ뵽ˮʱһЩڴˡ
ǣˣҲǵͷ
׿˵취Ҫȥɽɵ鴫ݸڣһҪڵ̫ϳ׹Ҹ
׹ңˣǿڵǿ߰ĵλҲ൱ĸߵģ
һţҲҪλˣЦһ
˿ףҲû뵽ôҪѡˣҲһ˷ܣ  ԴӾҽȵ֮
Ҫȥɽɵ飬磬ʱ¶ɽɾͻΪΪֵĵط
ֲҪеĵһɽɣˣ  Ŀ뿪˾̫幬뵽¶Ҳһ˷ܣ
ڲҪþ̫幬Ϊʸ֮𣿻ò˶ã⼸žͻܵ˵شˡ
Ƽң  ʮվڽϽ̲УΪһεʮգƼҲ׼ķǳĳ֣
¼Ŷ³ƽ鷿ڣѵЩҲסˡ
Ѱֶĵ绰ûдͨ𣿡ƽʵ
ҡҡͷ绰һֱ޷ͨ״̬ȥѧУʹˣֶҲڣӦʲô鵢˰ɡ
ţɣ㷢ŸͺˣʱֶĻӦûġϿɲһᣬҲǹ¼ųһδᣬش󣡡
ƽŻЦŵϣһף  ˼ֶǻƼҿǲ͹һϻױƷ׬ˡ
ȻƼǮԼĶܹһҵƽôܹЦأ  ԼĶһ׬ʮڣЩ˼飡
ԭΪԼĶЩѧԴӾһͬ۴ѧУ֮ԼѾǷˡ
ѵͷָҾϵɣܾȱ˵ʲôῪʼмСʱȥǱӦŰɣ
ţһ˱Ƚ϶࣬һܹʲô©һҪϣƽҲǳڻҪȥӴһЩҪȥкСһ˰ɡ
İɣ֣
ҲǼҴҵ뿪ԼңȻǰĵصȥˣ  ⼸ѾεĴ׵ĵ绰ȴ׵ֻǿεһ㡣
ȻǰҲֹɱϾԼհ  ¼ҪٰһᣬƼ˺ܶĹ֪ҵ
Ͼ¼ȫȫ綼ľӰһҵ  һδʵҲźǿĹЧӦ  ԤģһδƵǰʮλ϶Ǹýͷ
ԭָԼοοɵָӰӶûг֡
ѣСӳüĸɶ˼Żѵĸǰ˹ĸûпչһΪȫȨġ
ôʵҲΪ˰æͻǺܺõֵˡ
ˣָĵ绰ִͨҲ֪Ƶ˵
˵ѣܻģ˵ˣָҲϲģһ˳Ȼɣ
˼ҲѾӦӰȥٵˣҲڴ׵ĵ
ϻױƷѾΪȫĻ⣬ҲǮֳˡ




886¾Ӣ
 

̲Ӣ˽˻
ѾǱƼˣ൱ĳ
˾˵ʮֵǿ󣬲˭Ҳ֪˭ģ  ̽磬ܶ๫Ӹ͸ǧϲط
Ϊֻߣݺ͵λ  кܶ಻ϤĸʶҽγһСȦӡ
Ӣ  ھӢΧҵĵطͨӢΨһĵ·Ѿ飡  κγӢ󣬶ר˿ֻܹͣǰӢ  ھӢſڣǸӵųִİ豸ȴ˵Ĺ٣  ʵԭĲؽģͬ۴ѧǱӦҲѾżˡ
ԭĴȥμһĩţʵ̫ӣҲûκεİ취  ϸ˶ţ˵ԼSCϼҹȥˣ
׿Ҳǻ˸ϢԼڼҹһˣҲԸȥţ  ȹ֮״ϽԼ㿪ʼ  ֻϵϢܶ࣬־˳ַһﲢûлȥԣַźˣҲ͸׷˸ţ  һһĸֵǻ˸ţȻžӢķֱ  ǻѵգֲҪԼ׼ʲôҲôż
ʱ֣һ˴򳵳žӢķȥ
Ӣĵ·ϣһǸųչһ㣬ǳ⳵ʦҲһƣ  ֵܣţư⳵ʦҲ
ʵӢ󣬺ܶ⳵ʦ֪ģߵ˵ȷǷǳ١
ܹӵӢĵӣΪطȨֵĵطĵط˭ûи˾ʲôģ
ͨϰУĵطǳأ
ʦǴ￴óţҲһĿ˿˾ʦ
˵ֵܣǮˣ϶ǳ⳵ɣʦЦЦһ˷ܵ˵Ҹ˵ֵܣһǵһνӵȥӢأ͵طҲĸƬȦ԰һ¡
ǺǣǸڵ𣿡׿˾ʦҲʼʵ
ڣʵ̫˰ɲ֪˭֪ӢطǻԱƵģûлԱѹҲ˵һԱûиǧѹҲ첻
˾ʦ˿ףʵҪ浽ô£
ԺȥˣҲһţƤʱǣ  ʼһ治֪ѹգҲǵһط
ԭҲǵһ
˾ʦһ⻰Ȥ½˴룬һΪʲôٹء
̲ıȽϵԶῪֲرĺÿ  ǰ治ԶһƯŮų⳵֣ԱͣһµR8˿˫أ
ӦǳʲôˣҪȻ˼ѹҲͣ򳵰ɣ
٣ֵܣ˰ɣͷǳ⳵
˾ʦҪƴˣȻĹ涨׼ƴһЩ⳵˾Ըգ  Ҫ˳·ĻһҲһ
Ҳ֪⳵ףֲżЦЦû£ֻҪ̫·֮ǰϵǱ߾OKˣ
ллֵܣллֵܡ
˾ʦ¶һ˿Цݣطĳ˿һ㶼ϲƽϣ˿ʦҲ൱泩
⳵ʦȵĽͣλŮĸǰλŮ˿ˣҲʵʦȥ
̲⳵ʦ˵һŵķҲϣŮͬ·
ҵΪһˣȴŮڳҲǺõİ
˼ߵµR8ǳŮʰ  ̲̫ˣҵĳ˵⣬Ѿ绰4S˹ˣҪλ˲Ļܲܰ͵Ӣ󰡣
λŮЦЦڼ°߷ڣȥƺЩˡ
Ҫһû˵ĳ⳵ֱȵ컹Ѱ  оһʱû뵽Ȼһ⳵ͣˣȻˣҲ˳·  Ӣ󣿡
˾Щˣ˰һȥӢˣ  ӿеĴˣҪΪŮڳĻҪ˼ҰµR8ƬȦˣ  ţ˳·˳·Ļĵط£ʱ´ѽһ¾ͺˡ
ǸŮȥҲͨ׿ΪŮҲЦЦ
ΪŮõĻױƷһԼ˾ģõĵҲǺܲġ
Ȼĵ𣬿ʺҲýļ۸񰡡
˳·˳·ɡ
⳵˾ʮֵ飬Ǯ׬Ҳͦģȥλ˶Ǻں




887ֵܣʲô
 

⳵ϣ
˾ʦһĵӣ·μ˲λԼһ㣡  ŮҲȥӢ󰡣
˾ʦĺܻ죬ԭλŮЩĬ仰ʱȻҲЩˡ
ҲȥӢѲλ˾ʦҲμӻٶʮ᣿  Ҳ̫ܰϾٶǱߣ
ҪԼĳ˵ĻҲȥȥܹٶΪѵģ߱¼ģǸ  ֣ǿɶҵڵĶڣ
λŮֽͩJʡϼǧһΪǱһҪĿƽҲԼԼĸ˧һͬμٶ磡
ȻͩĸûйɳԼĶӺŮҲǱǸ⣡
ϼһרеڵĹ˾˾ģڹ¼ĳĸǰ㲻ʲô
ϼŵֵҲʮ£ǻһԱбȽҵˡ
ͩҲʲôһεһչĺûᡣ
ղŴ绰Լʱ򣬷ԼĸѾ˾Ӣûа취Լ򳵹ȥˣ  ˭ĳأ
ͩ˿λ⳵˾ʦҲǾʵҲȥٶ𣿡
ٶ˭ǳ⳵ʦɻʵ
֪¼ŵĻѻٶͩ˿λ˾ʦȻЩȻ˵Ŷǲ֮ǰѾ͹ȥ˾Ӣ˰
ûûûλֵҲȥӢ󡭡
˾ʦЩΣҲ˼ˣһʼΪԼҲҪȥμӾӢľۻء
ҪԼܹμľۻĻ߿⳵ǿЦ  ͩԭδף̻ͷ˿һں棬ҲЩɻʵãҲȥμӻٶľۻģ
ţɣ
ײʶǰͩİˣĻһرĶࡣ
˵ˣһȥμӻ˿²ڼˣҲôÿ˰ɣ
һȫǿ˻ѵϣĻǲԸ  ͦɵģǺǣͩҲǳ΢΢һЦҲһ֡
һֱӴˣѲûг
ҲȻˣЩ˾Ŀ˼·Ҳǳʲô⣡  ǰĻͩ벻һ㣬ɽĳ·ϣҲ뵽Ŀԡ
ĬͩҲЩȤһЩΣ
˾ʦܹͦԾյģЦŵŮղֵͦǮİɣ
С
ͩĳЩǧ൱͵ˣСܳЩܸǰֵһᣡ  ͩʵϲܳûа취ЩʱӻǺҪġ
Ҫ㲻ȺĻ㻹ǽѣ  ͩϼ֪֮ҵļԼĻӻȫǽ˸Ŭ֮ϡ
иСܳؼʱ̲˾ˣҲȲЩ󸻺
ֵܣĳʲô˾ʦоһ·ģҲûһʵ
H9
ĳǹƷƵĹH9ǻᱻԼˣ  ӦûǿҵõģϾǳͣǱûҪʱ϶ûˡ
ϵһ³ĻӦþ֪ˣ
׻һH9ٿܻ൱ģȻֲһЩֻҪ֧˹Ʒƣ˼ҲŻǮоѰɣ
ĹĿǱ֮ǰҪƯ̫̫ˣ  ȥǰɣֵܣH9ҿЦذɣ˾ʦҲһ㵵Ŀʵ
һԵͩԭΪһ϶Ҫ˵ʲô֮ĳû뵽һﾹȻ˵һ  ˶Ҫӣ̫̫ͩĸԼĸǰʱ޿̵ҫԼ  ǵһοһ˵˵˵̹Ȼġ
Щʱ̫Ķ˸߹Ůˣǡǡ෴һЩصĶܹĹ  H9ôˣҾͦõģռҲ󣬲ٿҲ۸ҲʵݣҪģȻ֧׻ƵƷ
׿˾ʦҲЦЦ
˾ʦЦŵԶԵأֹֹ֧֧ЩܹӢˣǿɶţ˰Ҳиʲôİɣ
˾ʦУѾ൱õĳˣ
ЩУνĴҲô£
ͩôףһûǮװģH9Ҳ̫һЩ  ֻһȴɹԼעҲҪ˵˭  һ·ϣ˾ʦҲǸоʵû˵ˣΪҲĪ׵·ˡ
ҪӢʱ򣬿һһĳܴԼĸǰӹʱ˾ʦǸӵСĽˡ
ԶӢѾɼ׺ͩҲ³ˡ




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Ӣǰ
׺ͩǳ˹ȥһε뺯ÿһԱԴһ˽
֮ǰĻԱвͬԱглԱǿԴ˽ߵġ
һλѵ磬Ҳǲͬġ
ټϱ˾ͺܶ࣬һֻһ˽У
Ϊ׺ͩų⳵ģһؿֻǴԵļһͽˡ
ϾеڶؿһؿҪľǳ
ͩó뺯һȻĸͩߣⰲԱ׺ͩУΪͩа顣
ҪҪһͩʶףҲûʲôѡ
Цŵ㣬Ҳʶʲôˣ
ʶ˻治Ǻܶ࣬ǿ˼ϤӰ
ֻǻѺͻ˼һæǰæģҲϾ˼ôˡ
׿ôæҲһ
ȵֵ֮֮ھ۾ҲͿˡ
ͩҹһԼĸڸǱ̸߽ţҲЦŵҸǱأȥǱɣհ
֣Цŵ
ͩͷɣ
ʼȻ⣡
˲Уȥһ㣬ͩߵ˧Աߣ  ˧һﳤĵͦ˧ģŹʵǱҲ٩٩̸
˧СӸղŲ˵ҽܸ𣿡
һŰɫӿ˿˧üͷ
˵٣ƭ㻹զΰֲûм˧Цŵ
ޣСڸǰɣԱ˭
Ǹٿ˧ɫһ䣬ȻҲΪĲˬ
˧һͷԼøǰȻվһˣҲüͷͩ
磬ôʲô
ͩԼϸ磬Ҳ¶һ˿Цʵ
˭
˧Լóʵ
ͩһҲ֪ôˣ˧һѣô
ѣôûм˵ܲܳİǸ˵һιܸʶ
ͽ£ѺûʲôϵɣͩҲЩʲõ˵
˧Լûûʲô취ǼңõĵλǱԼ̳˻ҪߵģԼϵԼүүϲԼá
Ȼˣ˧ԼҲǳ谮мӣ
С㣬ּˡ
ٵӿ˿ͩҲЩֱͩڼСõ͡
崿ˣԽԽϲ֣
٣䣬ʨż̳ˣʨźϼŵӪҵ񼸺һ
еҵģʨعҵģǵֵѾڵĹģ  Ȼ׻˵ʨֻǿŽǰʮλ  ʨϼ˵ǾȻһĴڡ
ΪҪǣʨźϼͬJʡǾԵҵ
áͩҲǳ΢΢ͷ
䣬ͩ˵ʲôоܸоһ￴ԼĿЩǿСһ㣬ģ
ͩղҸٻ̸ţ治һֱߴҶҲ֮ǰ֮һֱ
˧Ҳûа취ϼȻҵǿչĲ
ɱϾкܴһֶǿʨģһͩԼҲġ
ҵҵ񣬿Ⱞ鰮鰡
ͩĸ׺үү֤ԲİΪۣ
ԣ˧ҲΣ
ǣߴŵȨɣԼܹϲĻϼ˵ֱ֮ϰ
ϼҲԿʨţһǿҵ
סʱ̸
ͩȷľܾźţƺһתضûС
ɫһ˧ͩǲ̫ӭҰ
٣ͩСͱ߻ˣҲ֪ģǿһЩ˧ҲһԽ͵
磬ʲô̸Լ飬Ҫһ߲ʲôİͩƵ˵
֪ͲԼĸˣ֪һ׼ûɶ£
ԼԼĻ±ȲԼĻ»ҪҲһơ
ͩγ֪ԼܹɹҲܹԼѹ  ĶһһĸоûУʲô취أ
һԿЩˣоЩȤͩЦŵȻ£ȥĵطתת
ͩҲҪߣҲ̵Ҹһȥתתɡ
̾һСӲҪԼϳ  Ҳ֪椵ɵǼɵˣ  ⲻԼǹ  ˵Уͩ仰ǱĳˣԼʲôϵ
ͩʵ˼ҪҲԼ˼һĹϵûУô˼ҲЩ̫ã  ͩСԲ𡭡
ţ˧С˭ǲѸҷﰡʶ
ᣬһﵱԼŰ
ͩǸŮˣûʲô취  ԱСûôˣ




889´
 

Ӣڣÿһ㶼Ųͬķ羰  Ѻͻ˼Ĵ沼ţϾϵصɲǻѵ磬Ǵᣡ
¼Ϊ˳ﱸһεĴỹصһЩýļߣ  ƼѾĹ涨ӵбȨûκεȨ
˭ǵʱ׷˭Σÿһļ߶ǩ˺ͬġ
ʱļұ籨гͼƬĻʱΥԼǿ൱˵ġ
ڵһ㣬ӦǻҲƼ˲ٵĺ١
ܶ˿ȥǷǳģӢĳˡ
棬о͸Լص˼ûκε  ڸոգڼҵͩȻԼ泹׵ĻؾԼȻŭǧ  ˿̣׼ѻͩԱߵСء
٣лҡ
˧һѾһ飬֪ˡ
ʲôӵƢʵ̫ˣƽʱû»ãҪ˵ĻһҲǺܷģ
˧ûκεĹϵܺþˡ
䳯˧Цһ˿Ķס
׿˿ʲôǲʶɣ
ȻʶСӣǰھӢûм㰡
ҵһ
׿˿䣬ĻشҲͦʵϵģ˵ʵ֪ôط  һߣٶʲôϵ俴˿ʵ
׿ЦһҲûйϵɣ
СӣҲڣʶôЦһ
˼һ治ʶҲ߳˵꣬תͳķ˹ȥ
ԣЦһŲӢţ
ǻѵ磬ȻҲ֪ˣ
ᣬһȥСӣȻԼôţ棿Ƿˣ  ҪأҲأͣ˽Ųת俴˿
һԵͩҲһЦҲû뵽˵ȻôĶ
˧һԼþȻЦˣڿһԵ֪ˣһ¿϶Ǽŭԭ۾ͲǺܴܴˡ
ã俴˿ףЦһһӲܶ˶ʶ˰
ھӢҲһϯ֮صˣȻȲѡ˼Щ
ʨŵĲЩӸҲ൱ĳˡ
䣬ҷʲôأһߴеġ
Ҫ֮ʣһЩȴ˽˵ҲǷǳĿ
󡭡
һˣҲһϲȻʮֵ⣡  ˧һҲӭȥ˰
׿˿һԵŮӣŮȥӢˬʮ㣡
ٺ٣ȥμһħѵӪȻȤȥʮֵãƺҲ̫ϲ֣ҪȻҲᵽˡ
ʵŮһʱ׵Ҳע⵽ˣϾ֮ܶ˶Ƕ쳣Ĺġ
ţֱμӵħѵӪҲҲμӰ俴Ǹһ
ⲻǴ̼ͦġԭʼɭ棬ǽһʰԺлȥʶʶһֵ
һ⻰ҡҡͷ𣬴Լɣҡ治а
Ϣ
λžһԹԵ˶ȣȥѵһŮӵ  ״Ů˵ļⱬ͸ĻŮӦʵ൱ǿˡ
Ů˵ݱ϶ͣĻ˶Ҳôصġ
ԭǴ󰡡ͩҲͷ
һԵ׵ʵʶˣ
ֻ֪ЦҾͲ֪ˡͩҲʼȥ൱Ľŵġ
λĺܰ˭ⶼþûˣҲܽܣЦ˿׺ͩЩΪζ˵
ЦүүǿԪѫ֣ʮֵۺ񣡣  ھӢм˲ǣⳣЦ֮һ  ЦҲΪ˾ӢŮԵһŴ󣬱Ͳ󣬿ɼһӿҲ൱۷
ΪⳣЦ˸ţߵģŮûһŮ˵Ķ֣
ЩԹĿ׵һҲ֪˭Ժǿ󡭡
ǺǣӢҲҸǿЦ˿ףҲͳһ̵
ҪŮһЩŮĻ˭ҲΪһŮˡ
İɣֻμӸѣʶǣҲʶǣ
ҲһԭҪúһţֻϧƺѡ˷
ͦǿҳЦǰô˵ģ㻹ǵһϲ
Цһ׵ӣƺǸһ㣬ǳΪϷĶ
ЩĿ˿ЦϧҲϲ㡭
ԭһЦݵĳЦ˲Цˡ




890ҵһ
 

Ӣĳ䣡
ЦɫһӴˣһĨϬ֮ɫ
һԵ俴һﾹȻôţЩסˡ
һǲôΰ
Լû뵽ھȻ˸ڴĸǰ˵š
û뵽˧Ҳû뵽  ЦôһֱףȻЦļҵСӰ䣬һﻹ˵ģͦи԰
һ
ͷҲصĳ˵ʱѾ߲ˡ
ЦЦһҳЦǸô
СӲӶ㰡һͼӴ׵˵
СӲڻѵ£֪ĴҰʲôˣ
ֻҪھӢ˶֪ģ  ָ硭
ڳЦ˽֮ʣ׵ǰܳһˣҲһľϲ  ˲Ǳˣϼŵһ壬ϼΪ֮һȻҲ֮ˡ
һԭѵ˵Ĺϵһ㣬Ȼ˼ȻҲ  һ֪׸ѵ˵Ĺϵ׳ʣµҲֻп־ˡ
ѾˣⱲӾԲܵ棬ָڵһλġ
֮ǰڸһֵƨЦ֮һҲǶԶԶġ
ͷҲΪǵ֮һҪľλͷ
һƵǣλСѧϰȭһˣӲǴ򲻹Ůˡ
˰
һöˣȻֻжˣ
ǵ˳ųЦķ򿴵һϤӰʱҲ͹ˡ
ԼԸŮˣָͲһˣ
ָսһ֪һЦȻҲһָĶְ
Ǻǣܣû뵽ôּˡ׿һҲЦŵ
ɶܲܵİС˰һһֵָ磬ǳѾȥˡ
˵£һЩ˼İŪʼ
ûû£ƳҲû¡һЦŵ
Ц˿һ壬Ҳǳ˹һԵ˧ЩĿһף
ҲʿˮĶͷһ˿˿亹  ˿оһĺ£ҿղûиǸֵţ氡ҪȻԼôĶ֪
Ϊһ徹Ȼ˼Ҳ˵أһ˭̫֪ˡ
ȻԼǱȽţƵģڽѡһԽһɽ  ղһΪֵʲôˣڿ˼ҲǴͷ  һôܻԴ˵أԲϳ  Цĳ֣лһǱڵΣһӦûȥոˡ
֪ǳЦǱһҪţʮԼӦôͷ϶ǻԼġ
ͩطߵ˲ʶ
ЦҲֻ˵ûļΪԼĸ纰ЦͷĻҲ֪˵˭ˡ
һ壬ղҿСӿҾȻתͷˣ
ЦǿģһѹҲҵͷ
һһЦӣҲЩп಻˵ҿûаղòи
ǣиѣ㵽߲ҴкȴȸСӴкʲô˼ǲͷһûгˣСӲˣ
Цȥˣһ꣬һλ߹
ֻû뵽һһﾹȻԼǵһԼ
Ц׼Сһƣ֪֪Ӣвܹˡ
û뵽һ徹ȻҲʶˣƺصӣ  ûûûͷ㿪ʲôЦܲкأⲻָҾ͡
һ忴ҲǺⳣЦһЦŭԼҲ̽
С˭Цһʵ
һ̵ָ磬ָ
ܣҲʶǣҲʲôȻʶǣİɣһ˾һ
׿˿һ壬ǲΪǵˡ
ȻһˣһӦÿӦˣҲˡ
СӣҪһŲҴ㿪ʼЦɫҲһѾսˡ
ǧ嶯ָɴ򲻹ģ
һ˵ʵΪʵ֣Ǿڼġ
ⳣЦȻҲָܹôô  ֻ֪Լһȴһá
Цһսӣ׺޲úһһһϣⲻû¸
СǸҵ




891³Цý
 

ЦЦˣЦķǳĿģ
СͳھϲĶǳģսѵȵȵȵȡ
ʮ꿪ʼЦ͸ԼҵʦʼѧϰȻȥϰսļܣ  һŮùȫıƺţ  붼һ˸оЩĻǸŮô
ʵЦĻͦģֻԻĴ˸оЩܲˡ
ЩӸ绹ͺһڣ  곣ЦνӢʱ˭ʶλҵǧС㣿  ܶ˶Ǳһ̬ЦӴЩҪռһ³Цıˣ  ֻǺ˵³ҲΪңǸʱʶЦġ
ʱҲеһԱֻǸʱҲǸոӢΪһˣʱĵҲǺܴ  ȻJʡ൱Ĳ ɳεҲЩŲġ
ҲҿŲҪȻĵ˳Цʱ֪Լôˡ
ЦӢǾŮкܣ˭ҲǵĴڣ  ΪʲôղųЦӢʱһҪأ  ʵһǸȽ֮һЦѵĲᡣ
ҪǺҵ˳кĻһԶˡ
һȻ˵ԼǰݲļһĶ֣
裡
ڳЦǾһԼ裬Ҫ֪ǵһ˵еﰡ  СӸղ˵ʲôû̫
ЦһͶĶȻһЦһ
ûû˵ʲô
һ˵֮ԭǵĿ˿ףΪ׵ƨ
ɵǽ˵֪֮Լ˵ˡ
˿ҲĿˣڸĿüô
ЦЦһߣ㵱ô˵һ飡
һԵͩҲŵЩ׵˵ĺ棬ΪЦ൱Ͱ  ͱΪ˺òãھߣھߣһЩЦ˵
ȥǰλǷĵĺ£  ׿˿һܣΪһˣûбҪôϥ
ָ磬ҪôҲϥ˰ⲻûа취
һпЦҲֻܹһ룬ɲڳЦǰ˵
Ҫ˵Ļô
һεĳ׿˿˿ҲһƵģ
ͩڸźˣܵ𣿸Ͻġ
˧˿̿ԼûǱ߸Ǹ˴ͷļһҲ
Ҫĵ˴ͷĻϼ˲ܹˣ  ˧˭
Цһүͩʵóͩһġ
ǻʮգЦһ£ȻҪСӺÿ  ȻСӲʶ̧٣һŮ˿̺ˡ
ͷ⡭á
˧ŴͷҲǵƺЩԼʲôһ㡣
Ӵ˧û뵽㻹ôÿذ䣬Һǵ㻹ûŮѰɣҿŮͦ
ЦĿ˿ףҪǰĻ׸ղŶͳˡ
˶ǻģĳЦҸоľ˲٣Ҳ֪ʲôˡ
ϾҲֻ죬ôĺŹߣҲҪƵġ
οʵ滹ͦ׵ֹģ
ֻǳЦڸ²̨û£ҲҪ
һϲ󣬱˧Ҫýܸҵģû뵽СӺһţҪǴˣСӹڶˡ
䣬㲻ţһ忴Ҳһ
˼ָ治һ忴һһԼôĶ֪
ΪԼеǮ˲ˣҲָʲô
һ壬û˵ķݣЦ
һһЦԼŭҲһΣĬ
һｵһﰡһ屻ŪĶô˵ˡ
Ц˿䣬ֿ˿˧˧˧Ӧ˽ң׿ɲýģͷþ͸ñýϼӦûҳЦӵİɣ
ý  ˵ĺýʵϳЦͩţĻʲôϵأ
˧ͩһֲɵӣȻҲ֪ⳣЦǾǲĴڣ  Ц˵ͩ˶ɵˣ  ⡭˧ҲΪˣΪ̫֪Լõĸˡ
ЦЦһ˧һȻһ㣬Ҳ൱ǼӦǴ´ɣ㲻ӵĻٹһӿJʡҲûϼˡ




892˵ĳЦ
 

в  ЦĻһֳв˧ֲͩɵӣȻó
ԭ׺ͳЦ֮ìܣû뵽սһӾͲԼߣ  ˧һκεĹʶǽԼϼż̳˵ķϵġ
ϼŶûˣʲôλԣ
ǵˣڼҿҲҪͷˣ˧ּ
ͩɫɷףȻ֪ⳣЦݣȻҲԼĸ˵ⳣҵıġ
˼ȫϼڶʱʧĸɸɾģ  ֪ȵ飬ͩҲˣоһ㣡  ҪԼĳ·ϣҲף׻Ͳô鷢
ڣ
ͩڣΪκ鶼ѭģֻû뵽ΪԼȻ
Լĸһ־ɫͩԼͲ  л󣬶л󰡡
Ŀ˿ͩ˴󿪿˵Ļ׶ˡ
ֻҪھӢ󷢾仰ʱͩӣҲԷͷָɽˣ  ٺ١
ЦѹҲûг俴 ҪһֱԼš͵׵׻᲻Լ֣  ҪǸԼֵĻʱԼͿ˳Ĵһˡ
ѭԭǽԲĳֵ֣ñЩ˸˵˵ȥˣ
׿˿Цֿ˿ͩ˱ýǺǣҿĳЩ˻ǵԼ޵ĳȥ޲ȥˡ
ڣ  ԭֹˮĳЦһ仰׵ļŭˣ˿̵оЩŤΣȻǱġ
ʵϣҪױľǲ̫Զ̫Զˡ
ЦϸоһĻʮûС
˵׵еģǶǲΡΡԨı֣
ңֻҪǱƵû취Ļһܹܾһüͷġ
ʻͣЦȻҲԼĿеİӣɱôһ˵ԼûҪһ㡣
˺ǿĳЦܹأ  СӣŲҸͷЦҺǰɣҾҪŮ˸űߣ
Կ
Ҳ˵ͩǲԼŮˣֻǶԳЦţӿ߶ѣ
ˣ  ǵ͵ˣȻҲ֪һֵԼġ
ɾͩ޹İɣҵԧʲô  㻹Լ°ЦٺһЦ䣬ھͰԱߵŮ˴ߣҵҪ˭
ͩһĨȻϵһ㣬׸
˧ͨһ¹˳ЦĸǰŹðɣ˲Ůѡ

Ц˿ѾǱ׳׵ļŭˣôܻȥأ
һЦִ˧Ҳ̵ҪҪϼŽдѹ
ѹߣֱʧˣЦ˿˧ֿ˿ͩЦǿɲҪңҪ־͹С̫ˣ
ǲ޸һģ㡭ƾʲô
ͩҲǼˣû뵽ⳣЦ˵Ĳ˵Ҳǣ˰ɣ
ƾǳЦ
ЦɫƵζҪѿҪױ  СӲţ  ҾҪŮ군ţʲôʱ򣡣
׿˿ͩˣС㣬ҪַһʶϼŲᵹģİɣ
ͩҪ˵װڰֵǼ߰ɣ
˧ͩ뿪ߣ
ϾǻѵʮգױֵҲǱȽϵĿƣұϾԵǸŮˣ  ȻŮûƷ׿ûʱ֡
Ҫֵ̫ĻǵʱȻҲǻа취ġ
Ц׵ȥĬĿǰ
һԵ俴ųЦͷһҲ̫ˡ
ǸʲôͷЦ
ʲôͷҲǰûмһͦصģҿӦЩͷģֻû뵽һͷ֪Ϲ˰
һƨ
ЦߣȻҪҾ͸һᣡһȴҪһﵱ˵ҵ
ͷ⡭ⲻʰɣϾǻٶաҲ˳Ц
ͷдⰡֵӾȻܹó
ЦЦһһ֪ʲôĺϼǱ̵绰ϵҵҪСôܹסϼţ
Ц֪ڶ֣ʱ򲻵Լ˲⣬ºܶ嶼ġ
ֲƽʱľӢ󣬽һʽĳϣ
þҪʽĳһﶪˣˬġ
ʱһαˣŵʱ϶ܶ˶ֵ֧ģ뵽ߣЦǷһ˿˿Цݡ




893ţڣ
 

Ӣ󶥲ڣ  ˿ѾˣǴһīں棬ȥעĿ
ⳣЦһֱף׺ͩҲԱһλ
ЦĿķǳȷҪһһЩɫ  ·ţ񣬽Ц˰˱Ѫùˡ
ЦԱߣļҲ
ⳣЦ֮ԭϵ˶һɢˡ
Ҫ˭ҲأЦӢǾһһĴڣ
Ѻͻ˼˶ڿ׵ûѲһȦ֮Ҳûз׵Ӱ  Ȼǲ֪ѾˣҪ֪û뺯
ʱʱóֻһ£ÿһֶǺʧ֣
ʮѾʼ˾̨٩٩̸ףĻǲҪǮһ
¼һսĿ죬ЩǰЩνҲֻйԹӵķˣ  һƬ֮УҲеĵʼ˵⣡  Щһ⣬ֻһǾǴƾ
군֮ҲͲЦŵλλѣҵĸһĿĿʼ
һ˶ڴĿǰĻƽ  ƽ˻ͲҲ΢΢һЦ¼ǴҵһֱڴҵҲǴҵӦóе֮һΪʮգ˻һ硭
ƶ˵ˣҲøͷɣܲǮˮӰɣ
ЩȻŴƣǺܶ˴ƵĿĲΪ˴ƣ  ǾԼȻǮˣٵиɣһЩЧӦĻǾٺòˣ
ǺǣеĴǽͨŻվֽýȶִʽȥҽҵ뵽ӻܻĻ᳤ֳ֤ÿһĸ˻ҵ׻ƴܻ䷢֤顭
ƽʼմһ˿ŵЦݣһεĴ˵ʵվǮⶼǹ¼ġ
ȻǽľҲٵģ
һιԵҵҲһιֲĺûᣬΪ˵ĻƽȻҲŹᣡ  δƻΪ󲿷֣һҵһǸ˾ҵǰʮ͸˵ǰǴܻὫڴƻվϣҿܻһרõĹ̡
οЩˣֱ˦һըԵϢ  ϣܻỹҵרñ
һѾǼһҵͷǵʱҪչ̫ˡ
ȻƴƽһιҲǰģ
΢΢ͷȻ
ԽߣعԽʵܻҲϣҵܹ
ƽЦŵ²˳٣Ȼ˵Ļɹ¼׻ƴܻϾٰĴʽʼ
£òϢ  ƶһεľٰ췽ֵٶʮ꣬ҪȻʣ
µ˿ŻƽҲЦ
ƽ˫һеȻ˵Ļǹ¼žשɣҴ¼žڣ
ҵθԹԣڰƶ治İ
ǰû뵽¼һ־Ȼôֱʰ
ӣ²˰ڵףˣ
ɲզΣڰҳְ
һ֮һƽĳ֣ҲЦ˻
Ľ֮УЦ  䣬Ǽһ㣿Цŵĺܴбۿ˿ס
ͷССĺҿɲܱȰ俴ųЦ̵
Ц΢΢һЦٲãҲĳЩҪһЩЩѹҲûҪǮɣ
˧ͩųЦˣҲ࣡  ڼ˵ŵʽҲֻмڶѣǿû¼ǰ㣬һӾóڶգһ۾ġ
Ҫ٣ʨҲ׼˸ǧˮšЩĵ˵ϼž˰ɣ֮ǰͦ˧˵Ҫ򡣰ѽѽˡ
򣿹ЦҲǱָˡ
󣬾ڿ¶ȶˡҲǾ׵ˣǱֺ˳Ц
˿̳Цվĳ̨˵ţڣ




894Ⱦʮڰ
 

ڣ
㹻𾪣һ֮û뵽Ȼֱӳһڣ  ʵЦԭûдô࣬һʵǴĸ׼Źġ
ЦĸŵִܲãӪҵǰʮĴڣ  ʲǧڣŶԪ˺ܶĲҵزԴĻ֡ڵȵȡ
ŵʵǳǿ󣬳ЦΪʲôôеһԭΪǼ綼ǾԵ̳
ҲΪʲôܹΪͷһԭľܴɱ̫̫ˡ
һ˾ܴܹĹأЩǮȫ԰֮С
ǳЦǸ⣬˵ǾԵĽˣ˭ҪܹȢĻǼ˵һ졣
ֻϧѰѹҲϣһǮȨ˼ҵĶӣĲԸȢһĸϻڼңԼˡ
Ц˿ףг˲мԼǿʵףԼǲĴڣ  Լ֪ΪʲôԼһֻһСӸˡ
ľΪһһ̼񾭣ټСӾȻԼһֱƶ˵ĳЦ൱Ĳˬ
ȻˣЦҲǸɵӣھܹܵķΧ
ȥţһӾͰѹ¼ŵķͷǹȥˡ
ǰһӦûġ
ԭܶ˶ǹ˼ɹ¼ŵӣŷȸûгء
Ӧһ˰ڴıܲʮڰ
£ܶ˶ǿֵģһЩǾģ
ܶļҲûʵЩǿļƴǲͿˣ
ƽͻѵ˵񶼿˳ЦǱߣһԵĻ˼ųЦԱǸīӣҲһļ  ѣ㿴˭˼쳯׵ķŬŬ
ָ磬ȥָѾզǴкأҲǼ˵˿ƺһӺ˺ܶࡣ
˼Цŵָ㻹֪ô֮ǰͬ۴ѧУ죬ôˣվĻ󣿡
˵ҲǰЦŵ֮һҪָúõĺһ
ţһûָȾˣٺ٣һαҪˬˣʱͲҪָˣûϵ֮ǰǾ͵ڰɣ
˼Ҳ֪ʵ»ǱȽϵĵ͵ģȻ˾ˣ
ָôЦħŮһ鰡ü
ЦŮˣǸ˼˶ͷۣԭһһ㣬ڿֻپһˣһⱻŮ˲ϣҲǹˣ
˼һε˵ȻҲЦƺûʲô취
ϾһҲⳣЦһŮ˺ԼǲǶ˶ˣ  ο˼ȻҲ֪ЦıܲȻҲǲҪġ
ڳ֮󣬺ܶҵҲǿʼ½ľ
ɴƺԼͬѡ˲е֣ƺܶ˶ڳЦмɵ
ЦҲЦ˻һԵ֮ҲЦŵͷţŷҲھǧ򣬿ٶҲǸӰ
˼СӿҲùԹԺһ㡭ЦĿ˿׵ˡ
˵Ϊ˸Ծ޴ѹ
һԵ俴˧Цһ˧ǵɶʱ谡Ҳǿ
˧ɫһ˵ʵڶҪˡ
˵иֵһᣬҪľȥ»ñЦ
һԵͩ˿ֿ˿Լĸ磬Ǿǵģùǡ
ͩһǵ˴󣬿ϼҪ군˰˧̾һ
ͩ磬ҾǾ˵˵ѡ
˧óֻݸͩոո׷Ϣ˵Ҵ͵ĻеͬʱǶϾϧ
ʲôǶѾˣͩСһʵ
ʲôˣһ仰ѣûпôҵûһҳͷ𣿡˧
һԵ׿˿Цŵҵʶһеģʱܸǣ
ҪҲᡭ˧ƵĿ˿ףȻ˦˦ͷˣˣҲûκεô
ͩ˿׵ҿ߰ɣǸһֱ㣬һ᲻Źģʵҡ
ˣȵ˵ɣǲһô׿˧ҲЦʵ
˧û˵뵹룬һμҲ͸ǲ򣬶˵ģҿ˰ɡ
ЦŵҲ˾һģҶǸ裬ҲҪ֣ҪȻǼŵҾһɡ
ǵ壿ļٵİ˧û뵽ĺ£ЩŵĿʵ
ôˣԸ⣿׿˧΢΢һЦ
ĺµȻԸˣǲȶ˲ǣ˧ҲҰοһ£Ȼ̧ͷ˿׵֪أ
Ⱦʮڰɣ
ʵǮûκε壬ƣԭһʼʮڡ
һӾôҲû̫壬ȻŮҪѹԼԼĻϳʮOKˣ




895²ŵ
 

ۣ
˧ͩͬʱһǲЦģǱŵģ  ʮڣ  һﲻǿЦɣ֪ĻΪʮأһ˵Ҳ̫һɣ
֡Цһ㶼Ц
ͩףȻܹõóʮڣ
ʮʲô˵ģûиϵģһóʮڸǲܣ  ϾⲻǸɱģ̶ʲͻռǴۣµǮҲΪʽġ
֮ͩǰһǴ򳵹ģ˼ҳ⳵˾˵ԼֻһH9Ĺ
ôǮӢ  Ҫ֪ײǶʮͷϲͷͣ˭Ҳóʮڳģ  ֡˵һ顭˧һɫͺ죬һЦЩˡ
׳ʮڣҲظˣ
Ҫʮڣһϼŵ壿ȷЦ˧ȷŰ  ʮڣҪòǾͻΪЦˡ
˵ʵȻ֪һ˵ʱЦ϶Ǳˡ
ϼѾǱ˸ƵͶ·ˣҲǲˡ
ֻʮڣʵ̫ˣġ
óһпſҲ֪жǮʮڿ϶еģȥˢɡʵڲŵĻҲûа취ˣ

˧ҧҧֶЩ΢΢Ŀס
һԵĳЦ俴׾Ȼóһſ˧Ҳǲмһˣ
俴ųЦЩ˵ͷҪ˰ɱŵǰ
Ǻǣŵأ
ЦҲһĿ˧ˣԭϼѹҲۣȻӵĿˡ
ϼŸԼѾһ·ˣ
ٺһЦͷղѾ˵绰еˣָʾӦѾϼŴ绰ˡиҲŴծϼѾŲ˶ˣͷʵô
Ц΢΢һЦǶôϣתͷ¶һ˿ıأ  ˸Լһֳۣӳ׵ļŭ˳Ц
һЦˣȴ֮ҪС˵ĸǰۣ
ı룬Ǽĺʤģ  һҪҪ˳׵ĳԼĽ£׵ģ  ˧۾ͨ죬Ļ֮ɪɪȻǱĲᣡ  һԵͩҲСɷףϾԼļ˵ΣΪǿҵĴܸоһھΡ
ҪΪԼĻԼļҲ˵ְ֮
ֻ֪ھԼڳЦĸǰģҲδػῴԼһۣ  ΪǸͷĿȻԼԱߵף
ͩҧҧ磬Ȼ˵ô࣬Ǿ;ôɣǲƭǵġ
Ȼô˵ϣܹһ϶
ֻϧ״īѹҲ׵ʲôĿꡭ
˧ҧҧһŵϼţʮڣ
ž
ԭַǷĴһ˲ž˵Ŀ˿̶վ˧
Щ˸оԼĶ⣡  ոȥļٵİϼʮڣ
ϼʲôͷȻóʮھǲǷ˰
ȥҪˢֽļ¼ôϼźֵҲʮҰɣ
ɲզΣϼJʡڻеһţģһ㣡û뵽ǾȻһóʮھǴô
£һ֮žһƬ  ˵Ŀ⼸ɫǺ˧
˿˧Ҳһʵȷʮû𣿡
Ȼû
˧ ҶǸȻ˵Ļѡվ
Ѿ̶ˣԼôǵﳣЦǣοѾˡ
ԼҲܾһҲɣ  ˵ˣԼĻᣬԼҪǰղסĻҲûˡ
˧ΨһĵľǲԼ̵ģ
ʮڡ
ЦԭЦˣ˶ڵ  ţһóʮھҲǾ޿ܵ飡  ˣҪ󵱳ҾСӺпڴţƣҪĻǲҲ˵Ҿʮڰ
ҲϼܹʮڣԲܣ
һ˳ΪľҪϼЩҵǰ׵̧ͷ
Цɫ䣬ô˧ףʵղһĻǿġ
Ǿóһпݸ˧˧վ˵Ҫʮڵģ  ܣСôôǮأ׻ǮҶʶİ
Ц˦˦ͷǰһУδֹ  ȻѾزɲ˺߲  ˿һɱŰϢ⣬ҪǸ۶Լһµ˳׵ĳ




896»ٶ
 

ӢĶ㣬еĿⶼ˧ϣ  ˼ϼܹóʮڳǲʵ飡
һԵĴ᳤ܻκԱ߼λҵҲǷ׷ҡͷ
ȻҲĳɷָһЩ  ʱĻҲûж˾ôͻأˡ
ܶ˸Ҫ˼ʨŵٶɵǲģ  һ˲䣡  ˽ǳ˹ȥ  ˧ҲһŵĿǾǵ飬ƾʲôɡ
ƾʲôɣϼŵмＸһ֪ܲӲװʲô󰡣Щһ˵˧СආȻ˵ķͷˣ
ΪJʡеҵż̳˵䣬ôܹһվԼأ
ҪһĻԣҪô˵ݺݵĴһ  ˧Ҫ𣿽ûеط飡  οҲóԼһ˲ţǴһ϶š
ԼòͲҪʱˣ
ʱѾ˺ˣ˧ҲûбҪڹ˼һĸˡ
ҪԼָ  ЩΣϾ˼ǾģҪǻ˼ңǴ˼ҾĻ
˿˵ܹӣ⵽ܹҪġ
УھҪ֪ΪһûҵôĻԺ˭أ
俴˳
ʱ̨֮ϣ˼ͻҲǶһۣ  ΪǸղһֱעǱߣ֮ǰ˼Ҳǿ˧һп
˼ָ͵͵Լ˾Լˣ  ʮֱʣڻ˼ָȫпܵġ
ѣҿָ˼˼
ҲǵͷҿҲָ˼ǸǸ군⣬Ȼָ磿
˼Сӿָһмӣ϶Ǹָ緢˵㲻죡СӸЦһ飬ָԸ񡭡
⵹û뵽֮ǰһأⳣЦƽʱǸߵĲУôô͵˺أ˼磬ǶԵģ㿴Цָ񡭡
ѳƺҲһЩѰǳЦ񼸺ɱˡ
˼΢΢һЦȻָҪ͵ϼſȥָҲйϵɡ
ЩЦ˵Ҳʺϳ棬Ǿ鷳˼˰
˼һOKƣҲվ
ٶһվúܶ˰ĿⶼͶߣ˳Żѵķ˹һ˼վˣЦŵٶл˵
˼ЦŵҵһҵϼžԲЦģǰɣ
ٶллΣ
˧еˣ⻪ٶԼѹʶôվԼ˵أ
˧һ֣ڿٶվԼҲЦ
˼ʲô˼ѲòǮô
ЦŻ˼ʱˣ첻µزµģҲ̫ϲ˼
˷ͻǺ飬ǻ˼Ӣ֮һ
ڳЦҪչʾԼļ⣬˼Ҳմѹ
Ϊһ˵ֻҪԼվˣ˼̫ܸԼȥ
ֻһΣЦˣش  ˼ЦһС㣬ҲûжĹϵɣҳǮƺҲûйϵɣȻ˵ˣһ˼ʮڻǳģҾˣҪǲóʮڣã

ڳһ󾪺⻪ٶǲǳ˰  ܶ˶ǲףΪʲôٶϾȻҪһӣȻЩϳ
ЦҲǱ˼⻰ҭһûϵһԵŵôҴ
˼ԣû
ôһЦоԼʵ̫̫ˣԭΪǮܹѹסˣû뵽˼⹷յľȻվˡ
Ц˸һĹâ  һƬĻϼʮڵľΪ˽ı
ȵڶŵʮָоô۾  ಻ǺܴĻôżǵڶҲʲô
һ͵ڶ֮Ĳ̫˶Ա߲һ˿Źֵ
ٶ
׼ɢȥʱ򣬳Цʱһεվ˳
ԭվһεΪгЦĵطȱ⣡
С㣬Ѿˣ£΢΢һЦԭѾ׼ȥȾˡ
ٶûдʲô׼һ绮һľţٶ᲻ɣ
Цдһ˿䣬ԱԭĹ
˽סˣ  ǳСҪ˳Ľడܶԭͷ˻ȥ
˭ϣԼΪǸùأ




897ǲˣ
 

ӢԭΪһεĴôлĻˣ  û뵽ʱ̾Ȼ۶ӣҴС㳣ЦȻҪ˴̨  ⲻ
Цʵ˭֪˻˵Ůˣ˭ù
Щ˵У˶֪ⳣЦСġ
ʱͻȻҪ˴̨ʲô˼ȥҪ°
ɾⳣС£Ҳû˸ֹ
ƽͻѵɫ̫ÿΪ¼ŵĵˣƽųЦС㣬ʲô˼
ƶɱҰֻǸٶףģûб˼Ҳ漴Ҹ˱Աԣղ˵˺ܴҲͰ
Ц˿һѻҪһй;
;ҵˣǾǶף  Ц֪˵׽ʲôֻ֣֪֣
С㡭ƽҪ˵ЦѾǰڰֵƶֻսһ˶ѣӦǴ¾ʹգ
֣ȻСΪף٣Ҳܲ˳Сӡ
ʱҲ²һЩǳЦʱʱĶ׵ķȥ
˲֪ɻǿָ֪սġ
ȻЦҲǷѡ֣ɻѾóЦӦò׵Ķ֡
˵ˣָǷƵ֮УҲûмָκεĺ֮ɫ
ƽЩɵĿ˿ѣѸԼĸ׵ЦҪսָ硭
ֶƽԼĶӵʵѵͷǵģָҲѧܴģȻЦ£ҿһЩѵʡԺôĲ񡭡
˵Цʲôİƽüͷ΢壬˿ĿҲǿף
֮ǰûע⵽ѾߣЦŵЦҵĲָǾˣҪҵָ絽ʱǿɡ
ʵ˼ڣȻģ
ⳣЦϾҲǶˣҲ൱ġ
ԻѲЦӣԵЩˣɸЦӣпֳ
ϣ׵ϣϾ˿̵ĳЦ˵ͱˣ¼ҲѾַ
˵ƶٶǵûаЦЩͷĿ˵
ȻС˵ˣҲֻܹˣֻǲ֪С㵽Ҫ˭һ̨أ
ѿųЦʵȻѾǲ˸˾ŲʮҪȷһ¡
ЦЦ˼Ȼ֮ǰ˵īСӺѴ򣬼Ȼ˵ĻҾѡˣ
˼ûգ
׾֪Ů˶ԼøôŮ˴һ˼ҲûУ
˵ˣŮ̫ԼˣȴûаŮ˵£  㡭㿴ң
Ц͸һ˿֮ɫֵļһֱ  ΪʲôҪ㣿׻˵úãвŮ׵Ȼ˵
㻹ǲǸˣǲǸѵİһŮ˵ս㶼ңôȥأ
Цû뵽һﾹȻô˵ܾԼᣬסĴ̼ף
΢΢һЦǲԲ֪ˣֺαأ
ըˣ
Цըˣ׵Ŀͷ棬ûռݹκεıˣ
СţưҸô˵˰
ɲզΣӢôʱ䣬ûпһ˸ҸСô˵
ͰȻҵϷкϷ˰
һǲаѾþûпС㷢ˣעҪ鰡
СӵʲôͷôôţѲ֪ⳣС¼Ŷ㲻Сأأ
ô˵ĻǶǾˣ  ΪһԵĶǳС㰡λŮǾӢǵʣ
˿ˣĳЦɫĿ£ƺʱҪ
ƶλȻ˲ҸҳЦȣҲ޻˵ЦˣȻ׵ֵģ㻹治Ǹˣ˵ԼܴˣԺͲҪǰװβǡ
̾һȻһ治۸㣬һٶңǿɾ͹ֲˣ˴װ׵ĸ˴ҪҴ򣬿԰
ǾЦû뵽һＸĴ̼һ£ȻӦˣҲüͷһϲ  ΢΢ҡͷҸԣҸղ˵ˣҴ׸˱ȣȻǻٶգҲһδʵᣬǲͷˡ
ͷʲôͷ
Ц֪׵Ҫˣʲô۶ӣ




898°ڴƵĶע
 

Ϸ̨  ݽĴٺòˣ˿̳еĽ㶼׺ͳЦϣ  ЦҶʶȴûʲôʶ
˻ƽѸ֮⣬Ҳֻһͻ˼ʶˣ  һ忴ЦһֱϵĴ̼ףڿҲ΢΢һ̾
ⳣЦӦҪùˣΪÿһο¶ŵЦݣûʧ
ԼҲָϳԹ֪οˣÿһεѪĴ۰  ҪȻǾСɣ֪СûȤأ
׿ȥʿȣǳЦôļԼڻܹƽ͵̬
ЦҪ棬Ȼ浽ˣֵģҽ쵹Ҫܸˣʲôг
˵һĭһڶȻ˵棬ȻͲ׳˭˭ھһδƿ
ǮһΪʲô˲ģûУǮ࣡Цм˵
ҲΪҪ˵ʲô춯صĶû뵽Ȼ˵
ȷ糣Ц˵һ㣬ȱĿ¾Ǯˣ  űǮҲֻлŷš¼ŵȼҳҵˡ
һҪűǮǼֱݺ
ǰһ˶ʶ
жǮҲһҡͷԭΪһϷû뵽ͿҪݲճˣ
׹һֵСȻʹˣ˵ʵĳЩСˣ
ߣ׽ΪҾͻŹ㣿Цм˵
ʼǺǣһĸߣǲ֪Сܲܳܵס
ͣ  ˶Ц˳һﻹǻԼ𰡣  ⳣЦòôǮĻмõó
Цһ׵ĻҲǲмЦʮڵ˵ҲǱŴġ
վĻ˼ͻѵҲǸоЩ̫ˡ
ڵ׿¼㲻׸Ҳֻʱˣ
ϻױƷУǼֱӡһĺӡôĳƱ
ָҪȥˣʵ̫һЩ  ΪѹҲ֪ûǮжǮ
ӳЦǲмһ˵֮У˼Ѿóһ˵ĿǺŵģ
С㣬һչһɣ̫ܲˡǾȶһΣ
׵󣬿˵ĶǾǾһ㣬˵𺳣  һڣ  ʲôǾһڵĻǾǴ˴ҵֽ۷ˡ
һԵĴ᳤ܻοף˿̸оǿ˲һ㣡  ˵ʵԼҲû뵽һܹ˶ľϼʮڣֱǴϵһ㣡  ֪ʮڵľǴܻѹҲСܶ࣡
ÿܻᶼյȫذڵľֻһȨ֮󣬾Ȼһľһڣ
յĽΣ˲Ǵҵ  㡭˵һ顭
ЦĸоǱڿһ㣬ܾͱˣ  һڣҲһ£ΪǮѾΧˡ
˵ʵʮ֮ڣЦԼؼô϶Ҳǿõóġ
һڣʲô  ֪ˣԼҪóһڵֽǲǲܣȴὫŵתƽˣ  ģĲģ
һǹҲģóһڳ
ͷܹóһڵҲɣ˵˭ԼҲûм  ôСΪѣʵھΪѵĻǡһΪѵӡ
ȷһڣЦ
Ȼ׳˲̫ϲ˵Լ顣
óһڣߣ֪ǸʲôģҪóһڣҽͳȫ㣡
ЦҧҧԼʵ൱ŵģ
ȻԼĿԣԼӮڰٷ֮ʮϡ
οһԼ˼սģΪǮԼˣ
ЦѾˣ  С㣬׻˵úãǿǿ֣һɽһɽߣҪΪŶţͷǮ˶ȥˣΪ
˼ֳˣνⱲǸˣ
Ц˪ĿŻ˼㡭ʲôϵ
ʲôϵȻйϵ˰ȻС㲻ʶĻҿбҪһˣ˼΢΢һЦ
˼ҵҪ˭Ц
˼ʼҵϻˣϼֶҸҲȻˣ




899ºı
 

ϼֶļٵİ
ǸϻױƷϼţֲһ־һڰ
ǰϻױƷôĻ𱬣˼۾˵ǧˡ
û뵽ֶȻôڴҵ尡
һӣܶ˵ķѾʼŤת˹
һʼʱ˶ǲôףڲһˣ˼ҿϼŵĶ³
Ȼܶ˶׵ᣬǵȷǿλ˵еֶˣ
ŷϼйɷݣ˶֪ġ
ڻ˼վվ̨ûκεĴģ˾ֶ  ϼţ
һԵŵˣϼʲôļ̫ˡ
ڵϼſν죬˵гѾֵڣʲô  ˼Ҫѹ˲Ƿַӵ飡  ЦҲüȻû뵽˾ȻϼŵĶ³ôأ  ǻ˼Ļòʵ
ﻢˣЦ֮лһ˿ϣǾԼʵǿ
ϼžǮأҲ  ˵ˣԼӮôôҲܹһɣ  ߣҹʲôأһֶʤ
ЦмĿ˿ףһ￴ȥݲģʲôʵ  ҪһѪһһڣԼ˵ģ  ΪһľܹסԼô
û⣡
һOKƣЦ̨֮ϣ˿ټ̨ѾٲȻһˣ  ¿𣬺ܶ˶ʼ
֮Ǻܶ˶Ը⿴ĳʲôأ
˧ͩЩĿŶԷ
ӣզʶֶİֶǺţƵ˰˧ͩһƵʵ
ͩεʼҲ֪Ǹʲôģ˵ֻ֪֣ʲô֪
˰ԭΪϼѾ;ĩ·ˣû뵽Ȼз·תһ찡
˧˿һļϼţȻĳ˼  ͩҲͷֲһֱôĳȣû뵽ͷȻôһʼһΪ
Ϊʲô˧Цеʵ
ͩһʼֶ˵ĳǹH9ʱһΪûʲôǮأ˲òడ
Ǯһľ磬Ͳܹµ͸˰˧ж׳֮⣡
̨֮ϣ  ׺ͳЦѾվǱߣ˵Ŀⶼۼ˵ϣ  Цһɱ޵ġ
ɣ
ҲԸϻսپҪĽ
Цһ䣬ֱһų׵ȥҲòϣ׽֮ŮӦ൱͵ˡ
ֻϧ֮һΣ  Ů˷ҪԼҲڣҲûʲô취ˣ
أ
ֱһֻץס˳Ц߹ȣǯһļס˳Ц
Σ  ЦȻ֣ԼѾǲܶˣ  ˴˿Ѿصˤ˵ϣ׾ôץȣ  ಣ
Цһû뵽һ￴ȥ˵ݣȻ˵ǿ
Ҳ룬ֱץԼһҲɨ׵ĸǰ  أ
ЦһҲ׵Ļǯסɫͨ죡
㡭
Цû뵽ô̶̵ĹԼȻһεץסûа취ôȥ˴
ǺǣС㣬ʤѶ׳ٴȥҲûκεˣ
׵󣬿˽סˣ
˵ͷôſʼͽ˰
ǰһΪʲôϷأԭͷҲǸٰʽ
⻹Щ˰ǰҿͷˣ൱ţ
أҿΪ˼ҿĹϵģ
µ֮ڶЦŸоɫͨ죬ǽƹȻǲ  ֻҲûκη֮һץԼĽףôѶѲˣ  һ޷ƽ⣬̸ʲôȥӮһأ
ſ
Цвдѵֶûأȴˣ
Цŵ漰ڵĶľ֣׻ſôҪ䣬Ȼſ
ҡȥɡ
ΪЦҪʱȴǰӹ
ಣ
һâ׵ķ̶ֱȥЦв֪ʲôʱӮһذף  ߣǸҪ
ֱӶ㿪ǵذףͬʱⳣЦĽ״Ҳǲһ£
Ҳ̫ˣȻҪðˣ
ֱŤŮ˵ĽףΪľҪסѵ
ЦʹԼĽ㣬ȴӲͦţûкгҲû˭ˣ  ˣҲԲʹ  ųЦͷϸֱðɫҰ׵ģҲɿĽŵһڣֱӸܻɣ
˵꣬ױ㳯ķ˹ȥ˿һ˵ȶÿһ·
˿̵ڼҽúͻ˼ҲǸȥ˭ⳣЦأ  һоһ㣬ĿȥҲ죡  ٿ̨֮ϵĳЦЩʧǣôҲû뵽ԼˣôĶˣ
˼Ҽûг֣ԼȻͰˣ  뵽֮ǰ֣һ֮ɫӿͷܶ˻ûлζ
ϼŵĴһε쳹ӢףͷѾ׵ĳ˳Цˣ
ѾǸ߾Ӳаĵһˡ




900¼ڼ
 

Ӣĳڣ  ˿˽Χ˵˧ͩġ
ϾѾǵõôĺôʮڵľϼŴϣ
ֻϼŵΣûн˧ʵûа취Ҳֻܹˣ
ָ磬զҲ˵һѿһֱ㲻ذ
˼ҲЦŵ
΢΢һЦпȻģȽϵæԡ
ָ磬ˣҲЦŵλǡ
˧ͩЦŵҲǸʶġ
ָ磬֮ǰ֪ݣе˲С˹˧һԼ֣Ҳ̵
׿˿˧Сӻ㲻ؼʱ̻֪ԼãҪ㵱ʱĴӦǸЦһЩأ
ָ磬ͩϾãʱҲ֪ģϼ΢ᣬҲûа취顭˧Щε˵
һԵͩҲЩ˼Ŀ׵ֶ֮ǰǶԲ𰡣
鶼ȥ˾Ͳ˵ˣˣ绰ǣʱǸϵһ¾ˣϾǶеҵģӦÿ԰ǵæ
óһŸĵ绰ݸ˧  ղ˵ϼŲᵹȻҲҪ˵㻰ġ
˵ˣμŷǹĲҵһڵҵҲǿԵġ
ȻߣϣԼĹܹǿ

˧ЩɻĿ˿ףԼûпأ˼Ѿ뵽һˡ
һԵͩҲǴ˿ӡŵμŶ³ĳƺʱһ
˵Ůŵ˰ѵͩ˵Ůӡǲġ
ˣһڼŮϢ˸оǳ
ĻѻǸϾҲ˶֮꣬ȻҲҪҸŮˡ
Բ𣬻ٶͩͷҡ̫ˣ
ûû£ԺҪ۸ĻֱӱžˡС㣬֪ĵ绰Ƕ٣
һ˵ɾ͸ɵֱͣӾͩҪ绰룡
һԵĻ˼Ҳ㶣һô˼ǰԵ񣬻˼оһϤ
ҵĵ绰138̱ͩԼĵ绰˼һٶԼҪ룬òеġ
˼ŻѺٺһЦ˵Ѱ㲻Ҫ׷λŮɣ
ҡ׷׷ĸûйϵɣѾǱӲ֪ӼҶʮˣûиŮأѾ̳ŮֵܲܿҴɡ
ҲһƵĿŻ˼
ЦŵҿǵǿԷչչС˻ĵҲŵҪĳˣһ֤ء
ͩ৵һɫͨ죬˵ʵѳΪ˧ҸʲôĶ൱Ĳġ
˵ѻǷͩаӵһ׼  ֻϾǸŮӣһ⣬Ȼޱˡ
˵˲˵ˣ˵ѵûеطˡ˼ҲǹһЦ
˶Ц  Ҳǲ˻˧пվʹ绰³˵˵ģϼźǱڻеģźӦÿԺİɡ
ֶ֡ʶμŵĶ³
˧ĺзһ๾ôҲû뵽ֶȻǿҵҲʶ
һԵĻЦŵ³ָǺѣҹϵҲԣôŰɣָ磬Ұǰ˰ɣ
Ҳиһĵ绰Ǿ͸ϵɡЦŵ
ллֶллֶ˧ϲ˵
ЦŵлʲôлԺǻһأǰɣ

ҲԼĺףȻղͦӲģǱôһЦƺҲЩԲˣ
˹Ц˿׵ĵ绰ȴ  ʾϵۣҲЩüôˣСӸԼ绰ʲôأ
ָ磬أ
׽˵绰ѾǴ˹
ڽأЦŵСôҴ绰ʲô
ָ磬˵𣿡۳
˵ɡ΢΢һЦһָ磬֮ǰBСסߵɡǽȥͷʱȴһˣ
˵ʲô׳ʵ
۵ֻ˵ȥ飬BС㲻Ǹոϼȥ֮⣬Ծ͸ָ绰ˡ
֪ˣһᴦġ
Ĺ˵绰ԺҲBӡ
֮ǰӦBȥĸ׵ģʵЩ࣬һӶһˡ




901޳̩ܵ
 

ӹϼ
̩ǧǻصϼľڣΪ˱ܿ׷飬ҲǱ˽һڲŻصϼ壡  ȵصһ̣ƺŽƽϢԼǻֲ̿ģ  һε׻֮Уıܼ尾
ԭΪһܹӶʯصϼ壬ϼ۽ʧȥһλ峤ٲ
̩һľᣬ޴ȥ
ûص֮УΪʧˣǰɱԼĻҲδܹŻ
̩֮Ҳȥ̽һ  ֻϧǸطƾʧһ㣬оһĹ죡  ϼ峤
ͬҲ̩Bĸףϼ׻Ƶ岻һ峤ӵžԵȨ
Ȼˣ籾ʵӢ۵ĵطֻ׻߸һ̫ϳʲôġ
ӹߣȴûôķʵǿ֮ǾǼȨ
峤ˣ峤޴󰭡
һ̩֮̽Ҳǳ
ߣ²ļһ
Ȼţɿ̩һߵģҲһ
ϾԼĶӣпܾԼδļ̳ˣܹվԼǰѾ൱ˡ
һԭ׼ٲǰ׻ƶڣ
Ϊһ̽鱦أϼʵ׻Ѿ˺üˣϾ׻ǿɲġ
ףҡҵʧˣ
̩ɫ൱ѿڱҪһɣһʵȥа  Ȼóôһ˻ˣٲ峤أBأ
ɫʱ̩ʲôɫ
̩Լĸ׳״ˣٲ峤׻ơ
أ
ԭǰǲ輸һɢһأ
ʲôٲˣ
г˾֮ɫҪ֪ٲǿ徳ڵǿ߰
ô׻Ƶ׽أ  Щ꣬Ƕ׻׽ҲЩ൱˽⣬Ȼ˵׻ŵĸֺܶ࣡
׽һ˵徳ϾǶĴˡ
Ϊʲôһϼɳٲǰȥִ񣿻Ϊ  ԭ̩ˣٲΪ鵢ˣֻǿǱء
û뵽һ˵ľجģ  ϼʮǿ֮һٲȻ磬һ꣡
峤ˣ峤Ȼˣ⡭ôܣ
վԱߵҲ𾪵Ŀг˲ŵĿ⡣
ϼĶҲϼʸϵĸ峤ƻ  ƻ˵ʵһֱ徳ڣκεľʵȴҲǺ£
ֻΪᣬ ǱΪľ޴Ϊһε峤Ҳ޿ɺǵ飡  ô£Լӣһʵ
״ˣ塭ʲôҡĲ֪
̩Ҳһ±ƣʵʱһӾͱǸ׵ļһȥˡ
žʲôҲ֪ˣѹʱȴԼһ棡
ʣµǰŵ˺ԼϼѾǳ׵ʧ
̩֪ٲˣ  ž
һĶֱӳ̩֮ϣŭˣ
һ峤ˣһΪͷ֮˾Ȼ֪ô£ֱǿɶ  峤ˣ峤ʵ΢֪Ҳпԭƻ
ŭɶ˵ԭͲǸģԼΪԼΪϼ峤ţˣȥ׻ʲôҲǣ
״ˣ⡭һжB
̩ҧҧԼĸѾǷŭ˼㣬˿һתѾǽȫƵBϡ
ʵ֮ǰѾһУ  ֻʵ̫޳  BߣBһŮҼңôֵܹBأ
˶һɱŰϢ
ƻҲǿ̩峤ʲô飬͸峤˵˰ɡ
״ˣԭǵļƻûκε⡣ǺB׻ƵһλߵϷ ȻǸˣҪǣǵܾôй¶ˣŵʧܰ״ˡ
̩Ҳ޳ܵ˼ˣʱBʵҲﻢ£
ټ̩ϵĴ̼BҲǲѶΪ֮Ÿס
ףҲΪB׸жˣʵBҲ֪Լףʱ̩˵Ҳεģ  Ϊ˼ʵ̫ǿˣǿһ˾ĵز




902´ƻ
 

ϼ壡  ɫ̩ܲĻоЩʧˡ
ռ֮УһѹֵϢ˸оһϢ
̩Լ׵ӣҲǴҴûа취  ҪסԼλãҪô
֮ǰȥ׻Ƶʱ̩Ϊǿ¹״ġ
ʱΪٲȸֵĴڣԸµ׼ȥġ
Ȼû뵽飬ԼȻôĸ֣
Ǻ֮ҪһǸ׵ļһ
̩пǺŵģǸ׵СӦñŵЩָնɱˣ  ֻһжֻǻɣΪѹ֪ճʲôķȥչˡ
ΪBǾ޿ڻˣȻ˵Ļ϶һжƸԼõˡ
˵Ŀģ
г˲ţΪ˽ԼŮġ
ƻ峤ˣСôĻǧ˰
ߣûжذɣƾСӵһ֮ʣ
峤ˣҿҪĸ飬ǾӦȥ׻ѰҬBС䣡ƻ
ѰҬB䣿ôȥѰңε˵׻ǵطصĺܣǰҲľս
峤һǵûпأƻ̩Ҳǳʵ
ˣööʯֻǺһȥ̽ʱȴǶѾ׵ıٵˣƺԭŪεϢʧһա
̩Ҳ⵽ΪʲôΪоԼһһ㣡  ȷ֮ǰǿģֻǵһʱ򣬾оξһ㣡  ԭЩѾǳ׵ʧǴһ  Ȼʵ̫΢ˣ̸鲻ʲôѾˣһ
׻ƵҲ˽Ķ࣬Ҳһƣ
ҡҾ֪Ųˡ̩һһףʲôͷ֪ѬBƭˣ
ţף
зһ˿Ŀ⣬ҪЩһ︶ۣ׵ĸۣ
峤ˣBСӳţ˵Ӧ׽ù鰸ֻϧڲڡƻ
ʲô취˵ɡ
Ҳ֪ƻȻˣ϶ʲô뷨ˡ
ƻЩ˼˵峤ˣҡֻһ뷨ѣ˰ɡ
ߣϣǸҸһģ˵ͲôҴ˰ɣ
ƻ˵Ȼ£ҲǳȻû˼߶Ȧӣ  ƻ̾һȻ峤˼Ҫ˵ĻҾ˵ˣð峤Ļ
˵޷ֻҪΪ˼棬Ҳǿģ
⻰˵ľЩûˣҲǸƻһ̬ȣ
ƻ˿BСǿųģҲҵİŮˣһ񹲷ߵ飬Ҳʹļףǵĵ֮Ҫ׽ù鰸ΪԴǱߡ
ˣߣʲô˼
ɫһ䣬Ҳû뵽ƻȻҪԼķΪв  Ȼݵ£ϼ͸ϾԼŮ˲ǣ
峤ˣBССͺТ˳֪Լĸ׼Ҫ崦Ļ᲻أ
ƻĿ¶һ˿䣬ȷһ壡
ֻһ˿˵ȷ˼ĺܣ
һԵ̩ҲΪͬĵͷ״ˣҪ˽̵޷ĻҲǳ
ǰ峤Ҿ²˳١ƻ
ԥһҲҪ֪鵽ô£
Ǻ
BĸҪϢѾǱ鲼ϼ壡
ʵBյϢΪԼĹ۴ݸԼϢ
Ͼϼ׽൱Ĳҵ֣BǸֻB˸Ϣ  ֪飬˭ܹ֪أ  BյϢ֮ľըһ㣬˿ѾȥףΪоԼһпܼԼĸˣ
ТΪȣ
BԼĸףĴмģ˵϶˵Ҫһ˵ĻǾԼĸˣ  ֮BѾϼ׽һݵ.  ˿ĺùۣϼλߵĸ峤챪ŮBѾ֮ǰԼõĵصȴˡ
˼֮鶼൱Ȼ




903޾
 

ӹĳ㳡ڵһ俧  ϼλŮ⿧ȹڵİ棬һμ˵Ƿǳܵġ
ȻˣϼҲûٴһĸо
ֻڵȴBϹѣƻѾԺ֮γһB˼ĸ  ЩʱԿηǵȷ˵ģ
ڵB̩һ˵ȻҲǽŽˡ
B㣬㡭û֮ǰ̩Ǹһ˵һΪ㡭
BῴBҲ¶һĨ֮ɫȻԼҪõĽûҲһļ
B˿Bᵭ˵Bᣬ˵Ϣ𣿡
ǧȷB㣬ĳ˼𣿡BῴBһãȻʵ
֮УӦǲܵģ˽BҲ֪BʲôˣBϼ壡  Ȼ峤˵˾ΪB˼壬⵽˼Ϊĳʹ  B֮£ֻܹϵһBû뵽һϵȻľͳˡ
㲻ҳɣʵһμȥ׻ƵѾʧˣB
̩峤˵ǵǳ˼棬׻Ƶˣİɣ
B˵Уоǲһ㣡  ı죬ô򵥵ĵѲBԼ֪
ɾBʱBȴ¶һ˿ЦݵʵһʼΪֻǸͨˣԡ
BĿʼһ췢飬һۣ
˵ʵе  Ӣ˭ϲأǵŵЩҪԼʱվ˳  û뵽׻Ƶ˾Ȼ˵İǰ˶˵׻ƵСʲôġBBĻҲһĽ
ŮˣЩʱҵһܶԼõˣǷǳĲ׵ģ  ȻЩʱܸ߰ĺܺãпҴBЦŵ
ҵȻҪδĽ򰡣ٺ١BҲЦܿɫһ㣬һԼһ˻ˣ
ԭǴӦҪһȻĸ׽ߵġȽϵæټ֪ͨļҾԼˡ
BʵҲǳֹһ˿˿ԥȻ׶ĺܲ
ǱϾŮӣ˼ĻôĵĶԼ  BûգѾڰӹȫû˺·ˡ
һϼ˷֣ǰٿĪ磡
BB㣬㻹Ҫŵ㰡Ͼ׻ߣ˼ҿ϶ҲӵĶġһΣصǰ磬¡
µġBЩе˵
BЦB㣬û뵽ôǵһˣ龹ȻҲӣһ׻ƵҵǰӵҿҲѡ
BᡭBBôһ˵ҲһССʧ䡣
ϼҪȥ׻磬ʵǺѵģرĹ
Ѳĸһ˶̶  һBҲһ˿˿ԥǾǲƭԼġ
BڰֵB㣬һλ׶༪٣Ȱ㻹ǸϽ뿪߰ɣǱѾ޿ˡ
ʲô޿أBʲô˼BB˶ڵ  ޿أ
ĸֲ˵Լĸ׵BԲܹĿԼĸ  黹ԼģԲܹô
B㣬ҵĻûдƻ峤ģ峤ҪãҲǲˣ̩峤Ѿ˼壬˵棡˵ȥ𣿡
BǷǳǵģȻ֪BȥûкùӳԵġ
֪BˣСǽԼĸ׷һ㡣
ʱ˳ˣBĻ
BǷǳǳСҲǽ֣  Bᣬ㲻Ҫ˵ˣԸĸһҲԸ⿴ĸΪҶB˵ˣҪҵңֻҪһȥˣĸ׾Ͳˣ
ˣɡ㻹ᰡ
BЩе˵ʵⲻһյķʽѣ  B̾һˣѲɬBþ̰ûҵĸףôڵأ
Ҿ֪Ȱס㣡BƵ̾һ
ѾˣТΪȣǻҲҪһ¡
BӿֳһĨ֮ɫ˭Լĳأ  ЩǲѶΪ֮ҪȻһӿĶᴦһֲ֮̿С
޾壡  BȥӣBҲǻĸȥ




904¼Ŀɱ
 

ϼ壡  ϼڰӹҲ൱һ壬ܹ֮ʵҲֻ壡
ǣϼܹڴڰӹĶˣҲǿģ  ϼĹ㳡֮ϣһټľ׮һѮŮӣ  Ůӿȥ㲵ĺܣ˾ÿǣһӵľ
Ů˾Bĸ£  ³ϼ֧һССȥϼܲҲطȥһŵѾߡ
Ϊˣʱ峤ϣ˺ܿ׹밮ӡ
ٺΪУҲǼ޸ǸʱҲʽΪϼ峤
λˣҲǵλΪµһλˣ  ĴӼˣӹްԼ֮һӼҵϵλ硣
ӢƻŮǱãλҲ൱Ĳһ㡣
´Ӽ޸һ𣬻ϸѾҲûʲô
ҪҲЩˣΪBĳ谮Ļ˵˽൱ıߵģ
ǽƣ
±ƻôһߥޣǾһˣ
ڽ°㳡֮ϣʵϾΪBѡ
̩оBֻҪɵӣԲܻġ
һҲBҴԼȻˣǽҴôô
£û뵽Ҳн찡
˵ĶӢҵȴŹ
ôһֱߺģΪҲ֪ԼûеλΪԼŮˡ
Ӣ˵깴峤ҲƶбˣվӢԱߣǴӼˣ  Ӽ̩ĸף˵ӼҲоһв
ΪŮBʵǲȻԼĶ̩ҲС
ʱʵĳԼĶӵĻôϼļ̳˻治˵  ԼĶ峤峤գ
ˡˣһֱǶǿôķϣҪΪѬBźá
µɫг֮ɫĵԼŮ
ߣǸС棬ֹӼ
°£ϼһСˣҿǰǣҶôãǾȻ壬ֱ޿ˡ
ӢһЦݣʵҲΪԼŮȡһЩ  ӢŮBҪС꣬Ҳĳ谮µŮĳ谮  ڣӢֻҪɵBôŮлܹõĳˡ
ĸ״ˣм죬ҪԼˣҿúõĥһ
BӢŮ  ˵ȴԼĸײ̫࣬ǹӵŸоһĲ  BðӼ΢΢һЦȻBBҽ쵹ҪʲôֶΣܹǽ
BٺЦѾǶ˺üö룡  Ӽ˵ˣֻҪһЩѨλʱϾͻޱȣһĴʹУҪǶ֣ٺ١
ѾͷЩֶΣӼһҲЩͷƤ飬û뵽BСС;Ȼ˵Ĵ  ӢһЦѾͷЩ츳ġ
һԵļŮ˶ЦЩֵĿB  û뵽ôһ󱲣ȻҲҶԼ֣  ֪һӦöĬģʵԲ֪ܲЩġ
ʵϣվһԿһеģҲҪܲܰBƳ  µֻҪŮ˾ˣܵĥν飡
໣  һҵĽ쳹㳡ܿͿµӲסŤš
Ըоó˿̵϶Ǿĳֿ̣  µıѾЩŤ˸һִδйʹࡣ
ĸоҪסȥӣֺֻֻȴεס  ʹԲһܹܵסģ  ˣҲн죡
ӢµӣһοЦ
һԵӼҲΪĵͷô꣬ҵһθоôĿİһ첻Ҿһöģ
󡭡ңۡ
µʵһ㣬˵մĹܹǿһߣ  ﾭȲпĥѾʹ֣Ҫһ֮  ֻЩźԼ֮ûܹڿԼŮһۡ
̾ǹ͢Ĺһ㣬һĲ֮ô˵طǿɱ˰
ಣ
˿ЦֹʱһӰѾǳǵı  ܿ죬ӰΧ㱻һȺ˸Χסˣ




905B
 

BӰϼĹ㳡֮ϣ  ˲䣬㳡ը˹
BɫȻӽ˼һ㣬Ȼվ˵ĸǰ
־ʹ  ֻBôҲû뵽ڽ죬Լĸױ˰ߣұԼſ̣  ĸ״ˣŮˣܿˣ
B˫ɺ죬һȻԼĸΪԼܿ࣬ܲŭ  ߣBû뵽㾹Ȼţ·㲻߰
̩ӶɳˣBʵҲǾпܵġ
Ȼ벻BȻеӻⱳѼǲʵ
ѲҪ  磬Ȼˣǽ¼ĸŮҲǴˣҿȳǰɣʡҹζ࣡
BB֮¶һ˿â  һԵӢһЦǻŸʲôְɡ
B㡭ɵѾͷô˰໡
ǿסԼʹ࣬ԼŮ¶һ˿ɫ
ȻҪԼŮһ棬ԼŮֵʱȴһľ
Ϊ֪ԼɷѾ鶨ˣԲץԼģ  ʱԼŮˣͶ  أ
̩һץסBĺ󱳣ҪȰBץסʱҲԼϵǰ͡
һ̣  B΢΢һ£ֻĺһһǿϢѾֱ̩ȥ  ţ̩Ƕߵķһ㣬ɳȥ˺üףصˤ˵ϣ
⻹BֵԵʣҪ֪̩۷Сɫ
BѾ徳ǿߣ֮ŲԽĺ蹵ǵ  Ǻôĵӣϼ嶯˺̩磬ͽ
BBһӱQ
һԵӼ˿ԼĶӾȻBˣҲǿ캰صģ
˭ĸọ̃
BδB˿ܹɱ˵ģһɱϢѾ˿  ŭˣ
Ҫ֪Լĸ׼˵޴֮û뵽˲ҪɱĸףҪԼĸĥ
ӢԭͲʲôöŮȥʲô  õôˣԼĸŮӦ֮أҸBĸףһҲӲˡ
BЦֹϼ壬BֻҪҶԼ֣ʱ˵ݣȻѲ˵ġ
䣡
BΪǰBҶֵʱһȭͷѾֱBţ
ٶ֮죬öBƺûκεķӦ֮
ϣ  BһֱһȽŮˣóԿǸ
һ̲ˣΪЩʵ̫ˡ
ĸ쳣ʹģֱԼĸڵ붼˳
ɱ˰ɱ˰
ӢԼŮѪɫҰ׵ӣ˽ڱһ㣡  ˿̣˭ȥBΪʲôͻȻôأ  ಣ
ԭһֱڿ֣ԼŮBˣһƣ
ΪԸоóԼŮڲͬ  Bס֡
ӰBĸǰܿԱ߱˺üĸ֣
һԵƻԼŮϵľȫϣҲǵһ  ס֣ߣղĥĸ׵ʱôס֣
ǰĻBԸ״˳ֻ֮ԼҲûҪˡ
˵ʵȻˣûҪųȥ
ԲκԼĸ׵ģڣ  峤Ҳ¹𣿡ƻBŭһѾĪ  ΪBʵȻ˺˵ĵزֱƿֲ
һԼŮ˶˵ˣһֻûˣΪҪ򣿡BЦһ˵ˣбѹĸ۾ұѼˣ
ƾ̬ȣǾǶײ峤һο峤BΪҪܹ𣿡ƻЦ
BмһЦ̩һųѣԼûб±ԼãȴζƵԼõϣֱǶˣ
BҲǱ£ʵôᡭ
ûдBʵлعоһ֣  BûκεĹϵһΪ˽ĸ״ߵģҪôߣҪôͶְɣǲشģҲҪش𣡣
ûв֮ǰ㻹°ɡ
ʱһԵӼѾŭĳ˹
ŭ˵㡭ȥӣС˸Ŀ첻ˣ㲻ɱˣֻԼˡ
ԻᴦץһԵƻ
ƻĿдһ˿ȻBٺһЦͬʱѾʧ˵ĸǰ  һΧ۵ϼЩ֣һССBôͶһ峤Զأ




906¾뱻
 

BĿȻ  ֱǰһԲ־ܵġ
ʵҲǻԼŮǲʲô  ϶ص׻磬˵ǳĶ࣡
ѲɲҪ֪ʲô
ֻܹܵõBҪ֪BʵҲǺѵġ
Ϊ׸BļƷ˿ףⱾϢã
Ȼˣʵ̫ĻڵЧǳĲ
ֻBѾ徳ڵʵƻʵȻЩ࣬ͬΪһ磡  ˵һεıҲҪ֪ص֮һûн⿪֮ǰǾԲBȻ뿪ġ
Ȼˣ˿еܣ˵Ҳʹɱ֣  һѾϼˣ֮ã  οԼѾ֮ǰ𾴣һԲġ
BС㣬־ܻҪϷ֣Լѡһɡ
ƻ΢΢ЦȻҲǾBʵɾʲô֮ﵽڵĲΣأ
ߣ־ܣԸҲܣ
B̬Ѿ˵һУ˵־Ҳ  ˿ƻҲǾȻû뵽BȻƻ峤ĸǰȻܹ˵ţ棡  䣡
˿ƻ˲䣬Ѿˣ
һ˲ΧĿռ䣬˶ˣ  Ӽ˺ӢĿд޵Թ֮ɫϣBƻնɱźã

BóǱ˶ˣ
ƻʵǿһһѾǺBҼ֮ϣ  һ޴
BֱӱƻһƸɳȥüԶֻ𾪵ǣһ峤˵ʵBȻܹվţ
ļٵİղƻ峤һƣBȻܹס
BʲôʵҶ֪İôأ
BʵƺɾгҲֵܵסϵһİ
쿴쿴BȻĺƻ峤ˣ찡
µ˿ųеΣǸоҲһıҲ̫һɣ
޴ʵ࣬ûκεBһ֮ھܱƻ峤Ʒġ
ʵˣӲĽƻ峤һĿǣȻˣ
ݣ
һɫĽѾƻ˿̵ƻ
һƬļղһȻûʹԼٷ֮ٵҲ߰˳ɵĹ
ԭҪʧһBģû뵽Ȼˡ
⻹㣬Ů޾Ȼܹл֮ƺղһһ˺ûУ
һǿҵĲ
ƻ˿Ҵ⣬һԭվŵλãѾǳһ޴Ѻۣ  徳ǿߣԲܴﵽʵģ  ǿBʵףղһҲֻǲ²⣬񿴵BȻд˵ʵҲһ  ⲻܣôܻӡƻʿˮ𾪵ĿB㡭㾹Ȼﵽ徳ĲΣ
ߣкθɣ
BԼһɣֱһεĳȥ
ʵҲ֪ƾʵҪ˿ǾԲܵģ
ǰƻҲ𾪲ѣ
ȻBпʲôɵƻ˵徳ʱ¶𾪵Ŀ⣡
ʲôܹһ˶̵ʱڿԽ磿
ֱǻʽٶȰ  ϣץģ
¶һ˿˿̰֮ɫ  Bƻ˻սһѾһƬ֮̾
һԵӼ˺Ӣ˿BȻ˵ǿҲŵˣ
ȻҲ֪ʲô취Լʵ㻹ûʸ˵š
ƻʰһ̬˿һεİBһˣ  ʮغBѾǿ֮ĩ  Ͼʵûжãûƻǿս飡
ǳ飬ֻĺܲģ  B
¿ԼŮƻһ߷֮һ˺ѷεĸо
أ
Bصˤ˵ϣͬʱѾǱ廨İµľ׮֮ϣȥǳ  Ѫֱ
BоԼڻûһͿյĸо  ˿Ҳ¶һ˿ҵЦݵĸ״ˣŮТ
BɵӣΪʲôҪ²סҡͷҲһƬı֮ɫ
˿̵Ӽ˺ӢǻظԪǼͬʱ¶Цݵϣɱ
ס֣
ûеõ׼ȷ鱨֮ǰǾԲκ˶Bġ
˿Bɱһ֣ΪоԼŮȻвĵλ




907峤
 

ϼĹ㳡֮У  B¶һ˿ΪЦݣҪ˸գBܸ׳
BֻҪش⣬̷ĸŮ뿪ôB΢΢һЦ
ôܷأӼһô˵̸ϵ
ͬʱ֮ǰվߵһλŮͣѾʧ֮У
ӼǰӹӼҵˣһĶӱBˣ
ԼɷԼĻôҲǲŹ˵ġ
ԣղѾȥӼȥԼĸˣ  Ҫ֪ӼӼǿǴС㰡ĸ׾ǵӼҵ峤̫ۣ  Ӽ֪ԼĸΪ谮ԼȥԼϵġ
ӹô󣬶ҼͿһԣȥҲǷǳ׵ġ
һȥҵ飬㲻Ҫ죡
ʲô˼ѲĴΪˣĸ벻𣿡
Ӽ˴˿̾ȡ֣ȡ֣  Ȼˣеĸ׾ĵΪĸ׷ǳĻ̣  ΪʲôӼûа취ΪӼ˵ıϼ
ţҿûôҪΪϼ忼ǰ
УҽͿôΪϼ忼ǣӼһѾкˣھɣ
ʱԼĻĸ̫ҲԼڶġ
B㡭
Bϵǻصϼ壬ɵһʱͿBѾǱץˡ
ȻѾ뵽ˣʱ̲סĽ˳  Bᣬôĵӣ峤ʳϼķˣҲҲ廰ƻһBҲ
BᣬҪ˵ˡ
һµվ˳B΢΢ҡͷ
˱ϼĵ߸峤챪챪֪ԼŮBĹϵ
ʱԼҲﲻʲôæˣϼĵλͺһ㡣
Ϊ峤˵ĻǶûϼĿռˡ

챪ʱͫ׶Ȼһ
ΪԼøȻһץԼŮץС
峤ˣB챪Ҳһվ
ߣBĸףͬҲϼ峤κεҶҪεģһε鵽ô£˵ҷˬBᣬ㲻˵ұɱ
Ҳ֪ԼŮƢԣвѾͷҲ˵ġ
Ͽʵĸǿޱȣ
Bһ㣬Ҳ˵㡭Ϊһ֮Ȼ˿˵İΣìBвң㡭
ߣʽΪΪϼ峤ҲôBΪĹ٣
¶һ˿Ц˶еĸо
ΪBʵ̫Ҫ֪ˣͻ龳Ҳ˵أ  ΣǾԲ˵ģBЩҧгݵ˵
֨  һͷսBĲˣBǺѵӣҲһĽţ
ôȫѾǲ챪ˣ
峤ˣʲô˼챪Ŀ£  챪ôһŮŮBϵΣ  ѲԼŮҪһԭ
챪峤ķҲԼʲôݣղ峤Ѿ˵ˣBΪϼĹ٣
ƻʱҲ˳˵ʵʵҲҪ֪Bܣ
峤BΪնһҲ൱ľģ
㡭
챪Ҫ֣֪ԼǱɣԼŮҲˡ
ΪһףܲĿԼŮȥɣ  ҡ˵
BҲܲBӣдһ˿ʪ
صô£ǰһʵ
BصȷڣѾ׻Ƴź֣ԭǺŸ̩ĺֻ󱻺ŵˣɱٲ峤ˣ̩û컯
ģ
ȻЩŽɣ̩˵Ҳࡣ
ȻģѾ̶ȣҲƭˣ
BʵϻƭˣãֻԼ֪ô˵ˡ
ѵ飬˵⼸޶֤飡
ʵô£
һǳСֻB
һԵƻҲǹŶǱţ´һЩʲôҪ֪֮⣬Ҫ֪ܵĿ¾ƻˡ
Ϊ徳ѾܶˣѲҪ龳  ֻҪߣû˲εģ  峤ס
Bʱŵӵסˣ  ʱ˭أֱǸЦ




908׾ô
 

ף
ԭֻǱB˵ҪBĿ׳ܳ
⵱Ŵͥڵ棬ʵΪ˷ڣ  ֻڶʱرСһԵĿռ䶼סˣ
ΪĲܹѶϢ𣿴۷壬һӿԽΣ徳
˵ȥ¶ûţ  ǰԼŮˣⱲû˵ƶB൱
ֻû뵽ʣȴˣ
ǵ峤ˣ
Ǹŵӿȥʵʵӣ˵Ҳ˵һġ
˶ˣ˭װЩͷʵ
һˣȥʮ£˵ҪСס˿峤һҪŭӣҲŵøϽ
ʲôСף
ɫЩŹֵĿ˿BС㲻ǿŮ
û뵽ԼŮȥһˣȻֻھȻ˵ǹƥĹף  ѲͲϼŭ  BԭһƬҰɫ仰ʱ֮оȻһ˿ʣ
Ϊһ˲뵽һˣһڹؼʱ̱Լˡ
𣿡
B֮мּ˵ĻôǳΣա
̲סΪ˵ǣһصˣ
Һȥߣʲô˶ף𣿡
⡭⵹ûУǲӼһ߻Ƽҵˣ˵ǣ
ǸŵӦҲһԻһˣ˼䡣
ߣӼҲǻƼңΪԼܹϴС𣿽챾ûй˳ַ֮ڸҹɱۣ
ֳһĨɱ  ƻ峤ˣҪȻȥСʧɣBͽ˻Bǧ˿Ƶϵһͬ
֮׼ˣ
ҵĴ֮Ҳô
˿ƻʱһӰѾԶ˹ߣȴһѣ  Bһˣ˻һɣЩ̱ĸо
ˣ
ϣܹϣҪ֣ìܵһֱ᲻ѣ  ɵ׳ֵһɲǣˣ
ԼˣԼҲֵõģԼĽ׶Σ֪һôںԼ֪һ˶Լ˵ĻһһĶԼĳŵ
Ƿǣ˼Ҳˣ
һ׻ƵߣȻڰӹľڣⱾҪܴ
ΪҪǣ׻ǴҡڵĽģ
ǺˣԴϼܲ
׵ĳ֣ŭ쳣һҲ̫ϼ嵱˰
Ҳҿ̩ڻţҪȻ׵ĻѾϳˡ
΢΢һЦλ峤
ǡֶһҷ緶
һ峤߶ˣֻһ飬峤Ӧ˵Ļʲô˵
󵨣вϼ壬𣿡ƻһ
꣡  ׵һӣBµѾǶ˿˱һ޴վ׵
ǺֶΰҪϼˣ㻹˵ɣBϼͽִ棬κεƻߣɱۣ
һŭ˲׵ΧѾվ˺üλŸ峤εӣ
ӦĿǰϼǿˣ
챪֮⣬˼Χ׵ˣ
㡭㲻Ӧģ㻹ǸϽ߰ɣ̫ˣҲܲˡ
Bһеı鿴ףǺܵ׵İΣ
һˣѾ൱֪ˡ
ҴӦ飬ȻҲʳԣźĸﶼ˸ˣһܼȣҸղſһᣬϼҲ湻ԵģһȺү۸ŮˣǲҪ㰡
׿Ц˼ϼ˸оһ޹⣡  ߣСӣ˵ûиᣬֻ̫ϧˣɱ
ǹĸʲôȻˣǾͳɣ
Ȼ䣬׳ĳ˹ȥΪǿŴĺ滹ˣ
ಣ
ӰѾǳ˵ĸǰһҲסˣ  ˣȻ㣡̫۵ʱҲüͷ
״ˣҪ̩˴ľʣһˡ
Ӽһ̫ۣҲǿ޿ȥ
㻹˼ңҸ㣬ҵҪеĻĲ㣬ģ̫ŭһ
״ˣˡ
ӼŭָһºB˿ҲǸоԼһڶҪˣ  ֻӼ˻δ䣬֮ѾǶʺӡ




909´Сģϵ
 

ž  һӰӹӼڿŲһʮ֮󣬱һԵ̫۸סˣ
˭
˽Ǵʧɫ̫ۣûп˵ôֵģ  ԼŮͱͷһ㣬ǰΪǵĸ˵ֱ谡
ţ
׵ıʼմһ˿΢Цʱ򼸺˵üͷѾ  㡭ʲôˣ
̫ԭΪԼѾǳ׵ȶˡ
û뵽ô£ǰȥͨͨļһﾹȻˣûзӦĹ
ֻ˵һ⣬ǾǴ˵ʵ̫ǿᣡ
˭йϵôϼ׵ģϼˣ
׸̫۵ӣϼһﾹȻˣԼùˣ  üͷһԭδǰСӷϣСӳˣղŵһǶ⣬ԼûзӦĹ
ǻƼҵˣ
ʵ벻羹Ȼ˵ĸ֣
ҺӼҵ峤˾Ȼܹݲȣʲôˣ
׿˿峤һ飬ף飬Ժ˵ͬˣǻе̸
ҪҲͬأɫһ䣬֪Բܹˡ
̫۶һۣǴӶԷ֮жһ˼  ҺӼѾγ֮ͬƣ  ΢΢һЦҪǲͬĻֻܱʾźˣBӦҲ޻˵˲ϲǿѣӦߵĻһϣ峤ܹÿһ·
СӣʵϼҲҰĵطBҵŮϼˣҪߣҲϼͬⲻͬ⡭
Ƶ˵һ䣬ܿЩνĸѾţޱȣ
ʵ΢һЩ˻ǳԲôǿͬʱͷųǹƣ  һҶ̫ˣ˵ãֻܹȭͷˡ
峤ڲҿֵʱ򣬵Ȱл
ԲȥģһﵥǹƥľҪ˸ߵĻԺϼδأ
Բܣˣϼ嶪ˣһ߹ǻ̫ۿҲˡ
峤ȻһСǵƤӵ´ˣⶪ˿¶Ѽˡ
οӼǿţ̫۵Ů  ˣǴ˵𣿲ôעҪһˡ
ǲϧһд۵֣
㡭Ͻ߰BĶˡ
ԭһϼѾѶԸˣʱƫƫһϼ峤
ϣʵǿҲѵֵסİ
ݣ
BеȰο׵ʱ̫Ѿһһҹ  СӻҵϼŰ裡
ǣһ֪ôдˣˣҲûиͬʱҰ尡
ٺ٣СӻԼ̲˰ҵҪһҲҸ峤ô˵
ˣһСѣҿַӾͱˣ
۷׷ף˿̵׿̫ٵĶҲ¶һ˿Ц  ȻͬʱԼǲһģ
˭Ҫ̽Լ˭һ֣ػغü֮ǾȻ˭ûпʼȶ֣
׾վڹ㳡룬΢ţҪɱˣ  ˵׻磬һ˿֮ͬĻô˿ɾͲǵķΧ֮ˣ
ʦ磬ôֵôһأ
һ￴ô֣ѾЩͲסˣ˿ӰҲȻĳ׵ĸǰ  ̫ۿһĳ֣Ҳһ  СʲôʱðģϢģ˰  һ
ü˿̫һĨȻ  ̫۳²˳٣䰡
ȥȥȥһȥҲ˼ۣڵµǸϼһأҹ
һ˵һֱôֱӣҲˣ
ʵҲѾǸ֪滹һ龳ĸ֡
ƺո̤龳ãǺȡ
СƨװŪ
ֱ̫ӳķ򹥻ȥɲǼ䣬ڵķųһѤɫʣ  ¡¡
ǱѾǳһ޴Ŀ
ֻһǲûйǸСӸҪ̾ͷǵıһǿʶѾǺɨ
飡  죬̫۾ǱƬҶ˲䱻ɳȥʮԶ  ۣ
֮ͣ󣬿Ѫ£վûˡ
𺳣һɱλ徳ڵǿߣ𺳾ûмʶģ
֣
˴˿֮жһ뷨ǰС϶һ֣Ҫ֪ղŽһоͻҺӼ峤  ǰǺܶ˶ģ  λϼ壬ű棬ҶЩͱ˰ɣ
䣡
Զϼú棬һۻѾ𣬽һ߳˵ķ򼲳۶  峤ôᡭ
˵Ӷɳˣһ췢飬ⱲӶûмʶ  ܿ죬ԭΧ׺ˣǻóһ·




910ʶʱƿ
 

ǺǣɱΣ
Цһɲʲô̬ȣ
ҪΪˣҿȹӦ׻߰ɣϼƿ
ƿϼһ峤ĸףBүү  ƿʵϾΪԻ磬ʵȥͻ龳ȥˣ  Ҫǣɹˣ  Ǻǣ֪׻ߣЦһϼڤ粻飬ҪӺţһùЩH顭
һˣͷֱΪγٳٲ˵ƿ
ҪɱΪֹ
׵̬ϼһľΪҲˣ峤ƺҲûռκεıˣ  Ļδ峤й죿  ǲϼˡƿɫһ䣡  һԵƻƿҲ˵ø磬Ҽ壬ɱ֮찡
䣡
ƻûƣһƿ֮ΪѾת
ʱȻҪQһˣҲĿʼ  һݣһƣ  ˲䣬ƻϷѾǳһӡۻޱȵ˸оһľ
һҽй  ƻѾǳ׵ıӡӲѹ˵£һ̯࣡  ǿ˹
˶ǵһƿҲӶɳˡ
ԭǿ׸Լʵ࣬žһս⻹ûпʼս˼ɵһУѾƸıˣ  У
ǰ֮˵ʵҪԼǿ̫̫ˣһƿҪϣȴûκεİ취  ࣡
ƿһڿˮԭո̧һεķ  㡭ô
ƿ仰һһЩˣΪ˶óƿˡ
΢΢һЦ峤ʶʱΪܰȻǬBүүҲܹİôֻҪӦҼɡ
㡭˵
ƿоԼĺһĸɬֱвȵĸо̫ˡ
Ϊӹ֮һ峤ָоʵ͸ˡ
һ⼸˱
ָָӼˡ̩ӢBĸˣĸ˾Ŀб֮ˣ  ʵҲΪBһڶ  ãҴӦ㣡
ƿҲûʹӦˣ˲Ϣ䣬ⲻɮ濴ĵƿ֪ܲ
峤
үү
Ӽ˺ӢBͨһ¶һĹǺ
ʱ˭ȥͬأ֪ˣղŶԸBĸµʱЩ˿һĺ
ڶϼ峤֮λҿҲԻˣҿžͦʵ΢΢һЦ
ңҲаҡBһԭΪҪߵģû뵽վȻһ棡  Ҳû⣡
ƿһȻǰλ׻Ƶľ˵Ǿ˵ûдɱľģ
ԺϼΪҵĸӹ
һֻƿһ˻  һҲ̫ƿ۾һգϸֳһĨŭ֮ɫ  ΢΢һЦƿ峤ȻԼˣҲ˲˵ˣҪϼ岻Ƿַӵ顣ϼҵĻҿԱ֤гɵĻᣬϼҲΪӹΨһ塭
ɣΨһļ壿⡭ôܣ
ƿ׵Щ仯ˣû뵽׾Ȼ˵Ⱦ֮
龳绹رȹ̣мöҩȹ̾磬ͻ龳ڵĿܣ㿴֮ɣ
ϼ壬һʱ嶯ԭͿ׻磬ʵǺǿ  ߣ˳ֲһöʵҲ˳ֵѣ
ʡһȥģϾǾ׻ȽϵĽ  ܿ죬ƿоͳ˼öҩһǸʶ֮ˣǴⵤҩƷɫƶǸ߼ҩˡ
ƿúܿǻгɵĻᣬԼ·һˡ
Σʲô涼ǳˣΨһ׷ǳɣ  ᣬ֮һǶҪϧġ
ο˼ҵʵǿûѡ
Ѳ龳ǿ߸ǰλ龳ǿȥӲ  ӽˮˣɵģ
ףͿ룡
빻ˣһжˣ  ƿ׳Ҷͬ⣡
΢΢ͷһԵBһͷˮĿף 仯ʵ̫ˣһӻûзӦ
һԵ¿Լ֪ðŮҲһ⣡
˵ǰӼ˺Ӣһ˿˿ĻôһŴҪɱԼŮѾû˼ˣ
˿̣һĸ￴ŮԽԽϲ˼οԼŮһܸɵСأ  峤ԼŮǶǱϹϾİ  ŵİȫɾͽˣҪǳһ⣬¶Ҫˣ
װ˵˿Bۣûһ˵Ҹ
ƿͷԶ߿λϼ˵Ӽϼ峤ҵŮBΣڵ峤ҹѺεȺ峤ãӼˡӢB̩Ӳкͬ壬棬
䡭
ƿȭǼѾǻΪ˿׵Ǹƿصϼ֮ܲڡ




911¼
 

ϼܲ
ƿҲǷſΣҲ֪ǲġ
˼׻Ƶأ  ȷ׻Ƶ൱ѵģ˼׻ƵĳֽǼֱ練ƣ  ˼ʵǰأ
ΪĿǰǩĻַԼĻ°类׻ѹҲǷַӵ飡  ˵ĳܹ׻翹ĻҲֻʹһˡ
ԴӾ˶ǲпĴս֮ⶫҲǷǳĿơ
ϾһδսǧָҲǺ飡  ѲʹһΪһССİӶһεĴս
ƿҲ֪ѹǲܵ飡  ֮ǰϵնɱӼ˺ӢˣΪ
֪֡ĸ׻Ƴţƿ΢΢һЦʵ
Ǻǣ̫幬Цŵ
̫幬ˡϷªţƺ׻Ƶλʮźλʮ沢û̫幬ɣƿһͷˮĿʵ
Цŵˣֻ峤Ϣѣ
һԵBͷүүһȥ׻ƣȷ˵˾̫幬ˣĿǰӦ׻ֿȵ֮һ׾Ǿ̫幬أ
ŶԭȻһ֮ʧʧƿ΢΢һЦѾһ˾Ͳ˵һˣ֮ǰҪѾˡ
BүүҲæûʲôʱ壬ҪȻɣ㿴ǲһЩĸʲôģ
ƿﻹϼģ˵ӿ¶֮ǰ˵ĳɶӵˡ
ȻBΪ峤ʵӦҲǲԼ̫ĸԤ  ƿ֪Ȼ˼ҸԼ˵ˣǹžΪԼΪBıɡˡ
һҪBʲôĻʱԼҲѴˡ
Bδ峤ûԹ⻹ûп
ĸǱҪеģ
Bϼǳǳܹε˼޼
챪ΣүүҾ챪ͬBÿԡϼĸ߲һθĸΪ峤ȨʵǹڼУʵã
BЩһĿƿ  ƿĿ˿Bĸ
Цŵκƶȣ̫ʱ䶼ܶ飬һҵ֧֬Bģ
ƿ΢΢һЦȻˣҾĿԴˣϼи峤£
ȻBԼŮʵƿѾǵﲻλŮˡ
ʱҪԼ̬Ҫһ
ԭ˶Ѿ´ˣϼȻ֮䳯˸оЩĿϾӣ
ܶԭƻĸѺΣƻնɱ
Ȼɪɪˣ  Ͼ˭ҪȵһӣǴʱпܱ״̬֮С
´  ЩƵ˴ͷ֮һ֡
ݼ峤峤ˡ
ԸⲻԸ⣬˿̵BѾΪϼ峤ǲתʵ˭Ҳ޷赲  B˿ˣʵҲЩţBĿһµλӽϼ߲ܹ±ţ
峤ˣ⡭ϼĸ߲ܹѾ˺֪ܶ꣬峤˴ôķһ峤Щǵʵ
ЩҲǿƿȻ췢˺ܶ飬ʱϾϵ˵氡  ƿʲôBѻ˵꣡
Bʵ֮ǰͶ׻ƵЩЩоҲҪһ£ǵϼΪ峤峤֮λͬʱ̫ϳ֮λֻҪʵﵽ徳ߣԿɳΪ̫ϳϣ
̫ϳƺ׻Ƶĳƺɣһ峤Цʵ
Bͷ׻ǿ˹ȷкֵܶǽĵطͱүүһ˼ĲĹôܺúõأ
˽ǵͷȻBĻȷ൱е
һԵҲ΢΢ͷBΨΨŵŵӣǰ̨ˢӵġ
Bһλ峤ĿǰʱҵΣͬʱλ峤ŵճˣȻԺԺɾɣ峤ڳԺְ񣬶ԺȨලճˡɰ̫ϳ峤
һ̫ϳ֮⣬мලǣҲƵƵͷ
B΢΢һЦ̫ϳϣҲὨලĻƣҲŸλǷδȻ
ƿһЦBͬ⣡
ҵҲͬ⡭˽ǳ
ʵϣBһ峤òΪؼģ˭ܹλ峤λãӦòǹؼ




912پ
 

´
Bĸĸ﷽ҲĽˣһһ
Ѿ˼BȨˣô滹Ǳ˵
룬˼ûаȨգƺһЩͷţѾǷǳĲˡ
챪壡
B˿Ҳǳ¶ɣӦԼĽɫ
峤ˣʹðֱӺ챪ɡ챪С˵
ȻԼŮBϵǲ챪һֱСġ
֮ǰԼŮһ㱻ɱ˵£ջסˡ
챪һȫֵˣ
׵ıѣȻˣһҪǱѵĻҲǾԻزͷ֣
챪壬ϼ帱峤ճش飬տһ
B챪Ͽҵ˵
峤ˣһΪ׼ֻܹ
챪һĨײļ֮ɫ˿ܲ
ͳŸղBĻҲ֪⸱峤λþԲô׵õġ
û뵽һ峤λþ͸ԼˣҪ֪һ峤
ܿ죬һλ峤ҲǶ  λ峤ƽʱǸɣBãҲǿġ
ʣµһЩ˶Ϊϼ峤ŵĳԱһʮλ
ƿЦŵⳤҪôλҪôʮһλɣʮλҿ²̫á
ȷҲǣʮλʱƽֻǲŪҿһɡЦŵ
ƿЦŵкθ߼
Цŵ֮ǰҿϼִöûУҿһִЩعصģִִУûбҪʲô鶼ͨ峤ʲôġ
ãǾôˣ
ƿЦһִҲ֪ϵȨǳĴ
ЩԭѾЩϣһȻһϵְλоЩ֮ˡ
ЦŵѡìBԼɣBǴһѺ֡ôһŪĻԵ˦ƹˡ
BҲЩЦЦҪҪȻìBᵣִϰɣ
峤ˣBͻСʵ΢ôܵأʹð
챪һBȻ˵ҪôҪְλԼŮоһȦ
ĻԺ챪һϼǾֻ˰  
ɲ챪ϣģֻǿƺҲûа취ıBˣ
Bһν´ʱ˶ǲΡΡġ
˵ԼѾΪεִϣӵɱĴȨʱûվȸˤ  B֪BΪ峤֮ԼӦõõġ
˵BЩ˵ϣ˵³Ҳòȥ

BȻлңջȶ
ϼһ䣬BľʱҲ¶Цݣ  Ů˵Уŵв٣ܹһŴľĻǲ࣡
Щ˾ⷽĲܣB¶ɣһΪ⣡  ޲ɢ֮ϯ
Bףסϼʱ䣬ȻˣһҲǽλŮ㵽ˣ  B֮֮ǰǶһ˿Ů˵ĺͳ죡  ȥıӰҲǳһĲᣬһε׻֮ƺ׵ĸıԼ켣
˵ʵס峤ۡʱлоôһӵĲʵ
ײδصϾǱҲûжٵ飡  һǾǻһӾҪˣ׾ȥǿһºǣȻתQйȥ
ʵԴӹڻȥһ֮󣬵ԼҲûлعϼң
ԼĸǶϼңѾû˺֮ǣҲʡôĲˡ
ٹһӣͻԼļ˽ӵ̫幬òż
ǣ  ϵס˿̺ϵļһλɽװӣȥӦʮҡ
ǽüۣȥʮ㣡
ϣٹ͹ˣǴϲ¹İ
˵˽飬׻ƺ˾ҲǺµһ
Сôˣÿ궼ܵŪ㺣زͦжġɸ˹ͺԹ˷ʱ
Ͽ΢΢һЦȻҲ֪æ
ЦŵϰȷǺæҲ֪ģڸA̸Уֲָĵ飬ԷҪʵЩ̫ˣ
ֲָǽ캽ĸıҪϰȱⶫٻҪʮҵʱ䰡
Ȼ֪ЩģҲ̾һ
壡
һ󼱴ٵĵ绰𣬺Ͻ绰һҲüͷչ˿




913²
 

ϵס䱸ɭϣ  ÿһطҪǰ绰þϵһ²ܹȥ
ҪȻԼððʧʧĽȥʱ˵Ҳ˵ġ
Ϻ̸飬Ҳû뵽׻ͻȻ֮ǡ
ԭϾһӷǳæµϾϼŲŸոտҵҲûȥ߶ף
û뵽һﾹȻԼˣÿһο׶һֺ½ĸо
ƺһЩܣ֮ǰH9飬Ҫ׵Ļ¹һҪܾ޴Ѱ
Ҫ۹͵Ļ׵ĹǾԵģֻһҶ֪Ӧȥôˡ
ûеģ׻϶ˣ
ϣ˭˰Цôġ鿴źЦˣҲЦʵ
鰡ҵһλְ֮Цŵ
֮ȻЦЦȴЩΪȻ
ϿӣҲʼôˣ㻹˼ҿͬ۴ѧĸ߲
Ҳѵÿ˿Цʵ˵ͬ۴ѧѧ۵һˡ
ʲôһѧѧǷϻͯ˰Ȼһѧһ𣿡
׼ǲ֪ģΪֻеʱŻһˡ
ϾΪ׻ƺͷǳӣܶ鶼ҪԴġ
˵һʮ죬ûһԺúõϢһµģ
ְλԽߣԽ  ΪԼһǽƺĸ˹ؼʱڣһЩؼԵļȴˣ  
ɻʱҪһ˿ǣԼٷɻĻܾ룡  ȻĸеҪĻڣȴǷǳؼһڡ
ָ˿ļĿǰڻ죡
Ȼ˵Ƴĸ˿ҲܹãǾεʵ飬¹ʴﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮϣ
һµ֣Ͼһпܾǻ  ⲻǱ⿴Цһ⣬ҪԷԱ⡣
ĸѾ쵽ز˵ˣǲܵģܲΪһССĸ˿жǰڵͶʰɣ  ǲܵģAⷽļĿǰΪģ˵¹ʿѹ֮һң
ҲΪͷأѾί̸AǱ̸ˣA̸ھء
̸в˳⵼鲻ѣæ͵еɢɢģ
ϿЦŵɱС˼ѧţء
Ǻǣϣֲǲ֪ǸŮǹѧҵĸ߲˾УһҲΪ̸˸AǱ̸أ
Ϊ԰ĿɲְλΪгϢŮ  Ůνһ㶼ûпԼĹϵͽ˾УҶʮѾУˣ  ְģΪ˲ģ  Ͼǹѧҵĸ߲ͬ۴ѧǺ͹ѧһУȵĻûпɱˣ
㿴һ˵˼ҲͰŮ̧ˡЦŵҵǾСӱŮܻҪǿϲ١
쵼ɲƫİǿһһܽܣǿϲҿɽܲ˰
鲢ϲ϶ˣ˭Ҫ˵ŮеĻ߲ˣҲ۸䡣
ھУ˭֪ǳŮߣ
ϹһЦ˺ˣ鰡Ҳһˡ
쵼һҪʶʶŮҪٱ˵ʲôﰡ鳤ôûмء
˵һζϾǵĳ˵Ĺֱ
ҲʼСӣƢôľ󰡣˵ŮҲͦģ
ʵҲǸоϸû˵Ĵڣ
ֹ˵׵Ķ̤Ǽżˡ
ǺǣͲ̫ˣ۹̫˭ҲϣĿ¶һ˿Цݵ
Ƶ˵쵼Ŀ氡ҲʼˣѾͷѹҲûܹε˰˫ȫ˵ЩеĲϣҲûа취ȥ˵ʲô˵ǰɣ쵼תϾ͹ˣѾͷҪҲǾͶʮ˰
Сӣ֪쵼˰ҪҸŮܸ󣿡Це˵
ҲøܸˣҪǺҸۣ֪ʲôҲˡ
鿴ź̾һ˵̫Ҳ̫ķհŮӣ  ˣ
һ𣬺΢΢һЦ׼ȥţʱѾǰȥˣ




914С֣ȥ
 

鿪ţҲҪϿе˵׳ʲôӣ  ֻǵò˵ʱ΢΢Щʧ䣡  ˣݣƺһɵϡ
ɾ˲ϲ෴ģϲֺ͡
׿ȥȻ鿴˵Ŀζ
á
׿˿飬ʶ飬ֻһֱԼҲòĴ˸кѡ
ɣء
鿴˿ףҲǶżӳǰ˹ȥ
Сְ˰⻹мҪˣûлϼңҲվЦʵ
ϣոմ»ؾǣùҲЦ
ϵͷһ£ǰı飬ͷͷ
Ϻá
ײҺְƣǺϣҲǶһˡ
鿴˿¶һ˿мЦݵСǰɣղ쵼˵
ˣͲҪ˿ˣЦŵ
΢΢һЦС֣һղȥѹһŮأҿ񽻸Сͦʰ
ϣ㿪ʲôЦ
ЩƵҡҡͷһ￴ȥƽ棬ϾȻԼȥѹһԼŮ
ͬ۴ѧѧǸͲһεİ  ԼŮԼүүѲɲ֪۹ߵģ߳ˣ
Сҵ۹ⶼˣϵһ
ǣǺСǼŵ϶ǿϵİһ˵ҲЩֱ̫ף  Ҳǳźʼ磬ȻҲǲЩ飡  ˼ҼȻô˵ˣǾô˵ɣ  Ҳһ⣬˵ˣϵҲǸ߲˼ҰԼŮʵҲûдġ
ϣ˵㰡飬Ҳ̫ŮˣȥŮҪ⣬ʱ޲ȥҿСӵʱ򻹇Nɪʲô
ûĿ˿ȻЩ̫ˡ
ѲŮŮ·ܱˣС˼ڵĳɾͣҵŵҲϲ˼ҵġ
ȻѧҲͦţģǰҲ㲻ʲô  ϿһôćNɪҲĴһ顣
εЦЦʲôϣǰף´彡ҪȻˣ
ߣ֮ǰ黹ûи˵أһǵ̸С˰ʵ
˵ϣǻܰ
鿴ףЩƵĿźϣҪ֪ϿһΪϸ˰
˸ǰɶҲܻ䣿Ҳ̫һɣ
ǺϲˣɹһܵıܵİɣҲ̫ûˣ
ֲֺϣֻܹʶȵһԼλ쵼ˡ
һûϺͿѲɲ֪ǻСֲˣ˵ľˣϳ
ûа취϶ô˵ˣҪڵĻǾ̫صˣ
ͷA̸СߣǵĿʵЩ̫һ㣬ҪҲ֪ġ
A϶Ϊ˱һεһ֮𣡡Ϸŭӵ
˵H9飿һξ˵A˿ӵĺܲҰһ̸ʱǻصἰ顭
ô˼ϲм˵ҪǮ׬ȥ
ģAͳĴ˵ˣҪǽH9ļ۸ṩΪرҲṩȽȽ۸Ҳǳĵ
Щŭ˵ʵȽȽĿǰûȷϢ
νĵ۸񣬿ȷʵ
һҪٵ۸٣ʵ
ȻԽԽãϾƷ۸һȷĻԺҲǻĲɹģAļ۸ʵ˰
ˣǮһҲǼ˵ģЩ̨ʵ
һһҲ˵ÿһҪһĴۣЩ˵
ⲻǳ𣿼ֱǺ֣û˵ҷAǲЩˣ
˭ǹҵļϲȽأȻҲĳ۳ܵ¶ȸ涼ǲ˼ҵһ룬һһ飬ǿɶǴ°
ΪͷͷǺܰϧսʿǵģԼȻҪ캽ĸǱŷĺĸ  ҪĶĻĸɶأ
ˣȥ̸ҵĽˣղ˵ҪҸŮԳԱСȥ
ϴһӣͶˣ




915ߡš
 

ϣûʲôϵɣ
һҲһͷˮһιΪһºϵġ
û뵽ϾȻҪȥһŮѶ  ׿ûκεѶȣֻе㳶
˵ˣԼҲԸ˼ƨɣҲƵĳźϵ
ЦŵС֣ҾͿСֳǱŮߵӣ˵ŮţҪСַĻҾţ
쵼˵ģҲ˵
˵ģҪܹСָŪ˵ĻԺ㵽ʮę́ȡ
ƺ¶ĵ˵һ⻰ҲЦ绨
źϵ˵ƿʮصķę́ٺ١
УҪСӮˣһƿ˰ɣϲͷ˵СҲǺڵĹԵİ
ʵƿʮę́ɲСһ˶ˣ˭Ϻ϶ûпڣ  ϲźϼ˵쵼˵ƾ

ֱһŴƨϣȻҲǱСӵĶŪЩ  ҲգźϹһֵϣҵ쵼һֱš
ϽӮ˵Ҫ˵ĻϿζ˵
Ҫ˵ĻҡҡǼһʮę́ˣ
ҲһʹĿźϣ˵ҲҪܴġ
Ȼʮę́ʮęܱ́ȣɶںþ֮˵һʮę́ǿҪ˼ҵ˰
׵ߣҿС˳۶ˣϽߡ
ϣһûдӦ°ɡ׿˿λСһˣҲЦŵ
ʵӦӦν飬AһβҪΪоһߣ
һǲ԰֮ǰH9Ѿһνѵˣû뵽һǾȻ־ǲö˰
϶ˣСӸҲӦ
֪Ϻ׵Ĺϵ
ʼȻ϶ô˵ˣҾȥɣȥɶ
ߣȻȥһŮA̸еķ˰˵ֲʲôˣ
Ƶ˵Ҳ֪˺ĸ̸еܣѾνˣ  ֻڵźϵһƿʮę́ں޲óϷȻ׵ء
ϳ΢΢һЦСְȥɣɲϲǰ˰
׿һͯĺϣҲ΢΢һЦǺǣҵĺϢɣ
鿴˿׵СӿͦŰ
ֲ˵Լаɣ׿ЦŵһЦСӸ˵ȻôţҵЩˣ
˵꣬ںϵЦУ˳ר뿪ߣ
Ƶ꣡
һε̸еصѡƵһڣһ׻ʵĳҵ̸У  ̸е˶֪ⱳıʲô  鵥̸ֹУΪľѹۣǱľһֿ飬˼۸ʵ̫̫ˡ
һȻһ𣬾ӡҲûôӡٶȰɣ  ĳڣ  ƿŽ˰ᣬ˿һŮУŮȥֻжʮӣǳᣡ  쵰ѧͷµϰƤ˸оǰһԤһװǳгŮʣ  ŮǱˣŮҵڹѧĶѯרҵ  ̸и൱ļɣ  ȻˣѧĶѯרҵо֮Ҳǻعˣ
ʴ֣ڵУ٣
ᣬȻѾһλУ٣˸о˼˲ŵԶһ㳣ƶϵġ
үүô˰˵̸е齻𣿡ŵֹˣһƵ˵
鿴ԼŮЦŵŵ첻ǸǴһǿԮ
ǿԮ˵үүܲܲҪʱҰǸʲôİŵ˵һ˻治Ҳ졣
Ҫ֪ʲôݣ˿ɶı
ŵͲһˣ˼ȻǸ˼ҸŮܱ  ٺһЦ߰㣬Ҿߡ
ŵ˿үү˵ܲһ㰡ǸA̸УСӹҼңһʲôϽߡ
ҲС߰⡭үүܹˣ˵ءʱѺ̧ˡ
үүҲߺŰˡŵʲô˵
׿˿ŵ΢΢һЦС㣬κ֮ǰҪ½ۣⲻ̸Ҫһ𣿾ղ˵ϣһ治̸ˮ׼




916˵ŵ
 

Ƶ꣡
ŵΧˣһʮµӣ  һУĿȥʮңü֮Ҳ͸һ֮ȥ࣡
ǺϽܹģǸӶҲΪġ
վЦŵ
һԵŵһԵ˵ǿʲôǺүүɹǰɣҸ㣬һε̸ûҵǲ˭˰ҵͬ
ŵ⡭ǿŵҲЩͷ
鿴ŵŵͬ־ڿʼͬ־ʽǵ̸С飬̸ֱɣ
үүŵЩίĿ˿Լүүûүүֻĳ٣
ǣ
ŵվ˫Ų£龴
¶һ˿ЦݵͶСҪǸ˲ţҲҿ
үү˵Ŷŵڶʮֵϻ
ǸAߵ̸оͲر˳˫Ѿ˺ĵزˡ
ʱͻȻôߣܺô
ĵͷȻ뿪ߣ֮ʣζĿ˿ף
׵Ǻܲ˵ǼԣҲûгԷأҾ͵ģǾ͵Ҳھͺˡ
͵ģΪʲôطǴ棬˵Ǵ͵ģ
ŵһɵӣһ
⼸λɶǾӢеľӢǿȻȥЩп룬רҵǷǳǿġ
˵ĸУ̸оŵǿģ˵ĿܸӵĺһЩ
Ͼŵǿᣬûϳɳص˰ѳŵĻ⵽ʱɺصذ  ǿһŵһ͸ˣҲЦеĿţȫû˸ղߵ飡  ʵϾǺϵأǿıҲүүҲǾϽ켶ĴڣǰְǱġ
ףĸӵģǿ˿׳ʵ
㲻ĸӵİɣһѧء΢΢һЦ
ȥѧأѧ
ǿʱȽϵĹӲⷬҲһΣ
ѧҲ
벻ϵôİһѧôҪ̸֮УʵЩˣ
ϾǺϵ˼ǿҲҵЩɣ
ǿһû˵˵һѧúѧܵﰡ
ˣ˵ЩﰡЦŵǺҪң
ɶϵǿʵ
ЦŵѰɡ
ۣ
һԸ豭׼һڲŵһ仰ֱӽиոպȥĲˮ˳  ⲻǳôأһѧУûбҵȻ˵Լѣ
ԼҲôɣǳҪ  ŵԽԽ㻹ϵѣҸ㣬ȻƤӺ̸Ҫרҵ֪ʶ̸мɣ߳˼ˣСͿ˵ģ
׿˿ŵҲ˵ģҪȻұֻ֤Է˵
˺ˣŵͬ־ҲûбҪӰ͵Ǵ˹ȥ
ǿһԸŵʹɫʾŵҪ˵ˡ
ŵԽԽһһ͸ԼһӵĲƽˣ  ƾʲôһˣйϵȥ飬ܸɸʲôĸѧУҵİ
ŵ仰ѧУ˵ʵѧУⱲĽ
ȫһĴѧĽȴˡ
׿˿ŵͬ۴ѧ
һѧУʲôֵҫģ˵֪ʲôѧУ𣿡ŵѾЩˡ
ԭͿģɵŵô˵֮ҲЦһŵС㣬֪ǹѧҵģôأͬ۴ѧǹڵУһԼѧУˣ䴩һװ𣿡
䲻ֵ˵վط𣿡
ŵֱվһӾѾâĽ׶ˡ
ǿڳȥҪ£Ҳ̵˺ˣһӾ͵̸ʱˣôȥ̸аŵͬ־һ̸еĴҪʧؿô찡
ŵЩɪɪƨûУѵ˻һһ׵ģ
һ̸г棬֪Լжˣ
ߣƣ
ŵҲǷŭ߳˰ᣬҪȥ侲һ£ָһԼ˼




917̭Ʒ
 

Ƶ꣬ĳڣ
ŵǿż̸ߣڵŵ鲢ر
ղűһĲֲᣬǱһӵĻ
Ȼ֮ǰȥһ󣬿ⱻĸоһʱܹڵĹأ
ڵŵ˵ûаݷԼʯȹ棬ǾԲưոݵġ
ŵȻҲɵӣǺϵˣ˵ʲôҲøһӣ  ŵͬ־һһȥ̸еĵطʱ򻹲֪ôأǿŵС˵
ŵ˿׵ķȻһźءˣûмôҪļһߺžߺţߵôֺģߡ
ŵͬ־ʱһҪʱ̱ѵͷ԰һε̸൱ӣA֮ߣÿ½һ֣ڹҶһְ
ǿĳ˵˵ʵʵϲŵġ
ŵƺǿҲôᣬٻܹ໥һ£ϾǿȻϲӪҲǼ
˵ˣǿûЩҹӸϰ෴ģϵҲһɾ˵ʣ
ֻЩʱüͷȥЩѣ
ŵҵȻ֪һεҪԣǿҸ˵һڵļ۸ʵ̫ˣ˵ʵѾˣڹҲͰʮһѣʵɱҲֻʮң
һǵȻ֪ǲΪûһ𣿶ǱҲˡǿ
Ϣô˵ŵʵʮ˾ҪˣڲŸϢ
ҲǸոյõϢľҵּɳ˴Źǿһι̸еҪĿҲΪǺĸϵһⵯ
ǹѾзôŵʵ
зǲɾһǲ찡ⷽļ൱ĳ죬ǽ캽ĸɻȱҲֱӰսĺö
ǿΪרҵԱڸŵס
ŵҡҡͷֱӸ˵ʲô˼
˼ܼ򵥣ѾA׼ۣ˵ʵۣ۸ֻԽԽߣ֮ǰA̸ţû뵽ǾȻһƽ⣬ֱ޳ܡ
ǿҲߵ˵˵Aһ֮ѣ  Ǿʲô˵ľٶǿҲожô֣  գ  һ󼱴ٵĽŲѾ˽һAǱߵ̸ѾǶ˼ˣ  һСʵһ۾ͿĹˣ  һųԲλ׻һˣAǱԭĸˣѾ߸ˣ  ƺ˲ɵ˰ɣ
ŵһͿʼѣ֪ҪԣʵĿǰǴƵġ
Ѿ˹ҵĲ棬ڹҺĴǰŵҪġ
֣A̸дȻͳʹ֣Ҳˣ
С㣬߲Ҳӵǵĺ̸дһι˵ǵĵģǣȻ̸УԴҾһ̸Ȳ˷ǵʱ䣬Ҳ˷ǵʱ䡭
΢΢һЦЦдһ˿
һH9飬Ҳ˵ˣAĳ衣
׻ƾȻӲƳH9磬Ҳûа취顣
׻ƵԺһΣǲÿεôðɣ  ҪԼĹ캽ĸһЩƼ򵥵ļⲻѾѵ  ʧȥģǿ϶Ҫ׬ģ
һβֵǮҲһ˷ܣΪüʮٱļ۸׻ˣ׬ȡ޶Ĳۣ  λãּܲ÷ӣ
վ˿ҲЦеĳŵ˾һ  ׻Ƴ̸дŵŵվ
ʵľҵŵ浣̸дְ
С㣬˵Ĵ̸нһ֦ǳСӦҲּ֪Ź˰ɣ
ӵϴһţ֪һεȻǳɹġ
ллȻҶ촰˵ˣҲҴˣһһļ۸ǾԲܹܵģòĻǵĺӦÿֹˡŵ΢΢һЦ
ֻܱʾźˣЦŵѾǵͼˡ
һԵķҲЦŵС㣬һλĵ²Ʒ
ŵ湥ԼüͷҲǽ
Ϊ֪Լ̸УûоĶô̸أ
AžԵİʵģҲһɸΪ֮ĸо
һнӿͷ
˿̣һԵǿ˿ӵݹļͼƬҲһķŭ⡭ǾʮĶ̭ƷǶѾĴˣǸǿЦ




918׷
 

ڣ
ֽͲ̸۸ģΪԲòġ
˹ʵϾΪ׻Ƶ̸е˿һǾǲܽ۵ġ
û͵Ļ⺽ĸսۿۣ  A˺˲ҲΪһ㣬ǲ˵޿
ʵŵûκεĳ룡
λ˵ĲԣǻǶ
ӼֱϹ˵ʲôֻԭİɫڸĳ˺ɫԭĶĶĳڵѣ
ǲǾøǿЦܺ𣿡
һеˣôǿƭһµģǿרҵļԱ
һ̸е͵Ѿ˴Ĺġ
УûиκεЦƳĵ˼ĸıģȻͶĵк֮ܶȴһ棡ĿǰǵĶۼһǳĺã
ƭƫõĵһֱǵıܣ˭֪ʲôأ
ڷӿǵĶƷҲ׻Ƶܹġ
ȻĻǲһ׬Ǯĺû  ɾǮеǮˣһԵĸҲЩˡ
ʵⵯҲԸ㶨ˣûж  һﾹȻھҪԭΪԼѾǹˣֻû뵽СӱԼҪݰ
СӣΪ׻ôúŪøſھҪ𣿸Ͻҹ
зǳĲˬķҰһҲԼ˰
һѾԼˣȻ˵׻ң  ôһŪǰ˸סˣ  ̸аȻûȷңȷǹ̸֮У
ŵŭĿףΪͱû뵽һﾹȻԼң
ⲻ
˼ϹҪۣԻ۰ֱӿ⻹̸  ǲг˼Ҳӵİ  ףʲô
ŵףȷӦһˡ
ķӿ˵һ䣬۵Ĳһˣ壡
ֵۣǮΪ˲֪ĶѾҲ˼Ҫ֪Ƕô˵
ǺܣһԵǿҲͶأ溺Ӱ
ֻϧڵĳϲԣôȷЩ̫׵ĸо
С㣬һﲻҵǸĻҾܾǺԺߵõκεĵ
ӶݺݵĿףƺҪ׸̻һ㣡  һԵŵҲɪɪֱӵҳȥҳȥ
ЦһΪʲôҪȥŲһ֮ڰⶫ㣿
С㣬ѾЩˣû뵽̸еʱȻһɵӹҽǿ۽ˣ
ӹһЦǣǲܵ飡
СôӣֱǷĴ  һԵĸҲǹһЦС㣬û뵽̸֮оȻˣ˸еź
źӰźֱӹ
׾ǳǹҩһ㣬˭˭Ըˣ
ʲô̸в̸еģթǲУȻˣҲǷǳеģ  ˿ڵ飬ѾڸһЩܹõļˡ
Ϊ֮ǰղصĸ߼ȷЩ̫߼ˣļ߼ûʵֵĿܣ
ֵģҹȥ
ŵؿʵǱ޻˵˼̸дʱǮ¶򲻵  ʼС㣬һңÿһһǧ𣡣ļ۸һһǧ𡭡
ŵˣ  Լ̸УһǮ۸ûлأڶ˿ʼǼˣ
Ҳ΢΢һЦҲǧڵļ۸ǧһǮҲҪõǵĵȻˣһ㣬СӦǵ˰ɣҲϣڡ
˵СְǸʲôҲ̸Уǿ׳ȻǳĽȴҲ˾޴ı׶ˣ  ֮ǰķӣʵҲѾǷǳĳˡ
ֻЩ˲õǣһôߵļ۸񣬼ֱɥĲְ  գ»ҪһЩΪûеʱɻҪںĸɿ¶Ϊ׵ģ
ŵŻվǱߵ׳㵽߲ߣ㲻ߣʱκ⣬Σ
ˡ
ϣʱӵֻѾˡ




919´ʺ
 

ԭһĿףһﾹȻ̸ڶ
ֱΪ
ܹ֮Լļ۸ǵ  ǲܵ飬ּŷˣҲòܡ
ǷӾòܣʵڳκһ˶һܵ飡  ҲԹۣղѾ˶ŸҰһɣ  Ұһһ׷˶ţŵֱӴӴһּŵ֪
ȻǷ׽ˣһҲЩ顣
ԼҪǾԼ˸ԼôԴҪǲ˷ˣ
ֻû뵽ԼڴϴʱȴԼֻһ£  ԭȥֻ֪ҲǺܶࡣ
˼ȥȥһ£ʱ򵽵˭ϵ
һֻǸֵʱһ£Ͻŵ㿪
֮Ҳһ߳ŭ  Ǻĵ绰ѾǴ˷ӵֻ֮ϡ
ڷҰһ˵׾죡  ʲô׽ĶʲôǰҲν
ڵʲôϵʵڲУʱԼص˵߾ˡ
˼ҽӸ绰
ӿ绰˵֣Ҳ¶˹֮ɫ
Ұһɣ  ǿĶͷ˾ҲǷ׽ƶߣǾԲҵġ
ãǷӡ
ߵ˻ҵһ棬ǱվĹֱģ˵һϰߡ
ӣǲ׻ƣǲǸ̸أ
Ұһɸûκεֱʵ
ô֪ģҲһƣҰһɴһġ
û뵽ˣƺرĺã
ô֪ģҵȻ֪ˣ㣬Ǹ͸ǡ
ҰһﻹҪʲôǮ˵˸ɱۣΪֺʲôɱ۶ʡȥˣ
ʲô֪˵ʲô𣿡ΪԼˣӿֳһĨ֮ɫ
ͣҰһɵӲǽˮ˰ɣ  ղ˷Ұһô˵ˣֱ⣡  ӣ㲻һֱҪ̤н𣿡ҰһҲŻ˵
£˼ǡ
һʵȻнջʵ̫̫ˡ
ҲǷһԱһ㣡  ֪һн磬ʱӺܶ࣬ͳһҲʮֵҪ̤н簡  ο˵һ̤н磬ʱлɣ˭ûһأ
ҰһɵˣܽУҪ˵ĻҿԿǴнУһ벻ջ񣡡
Ǹ£ΪʲôҪôӳ
ҰһʵĲҪʣԼһˡҲϣ֪
ǣ£ģһ޷졭
Ӵ˿һļû뵽һε׻̸飬Ȼ˷Ұһɴ˵Ĺע
ҰһɴҪԼн磬һ
ջʵ̫̫ˣѾûа취ܾˣ  ǵ˽û˵ʱ򣬴ʺãҰһ˵Ҳǹ˵绰
ڣ
ŵŭ𣬵ŷӴطһӴ绰֮ҪһεĶ׷ŭ  С㣬̸ܲܵһ̸
ӵһԵĸ൱Ĳˬһô˼
֮ǰǿƶ˹ͬ˵ģһ￴ȥƺЩ־ᶨ˰  ܲãʲô˼Ҫ𣿡ֳ
΢΢һЦҿûҪôȻ̸ҵǾ÷̸ֿȽϵĺãϾһ̸ּۻ
㡭㾹Ȼˣң
ЩŭĿŷӣ˿̵ķӿɲַܸŭŭ
ֻҪܹн磬׽۸ʲôԼиëϵ
עԴǣǴûǩʲôԼ˵ˣĶAĶҲһ𣿡
ӿɲǱŴģȻAǹ˵Ĺϵ  ǷȴᱻAвң  ŵɴ۾ǰĳƺоһЩ仯ǻı仯
ӺȻҪǵ̸̸ʲô˼  ˵ע֮£׺ŵǿĴ߳ңǳһ˹ȥ  ֵЩҧгݣҪ÷׻ƵЩ˸ۣ  סˣΪ֪Ӻ«浽ʲôҩ




920¾ŵ
 

Ƶһڣ
ŵǿһֵĿŷӣǸ֪⵽׷ʲô飡  ڶ˵⿪ŲҪģ  һԵȻ˷ӵĻͣҰһɵҲ֪еϵ  ҷҰһΪ˲˵ĻɣȻӱܣ  ӱҰһôһƣȻҲǾľˣ
ڸǰСҲô  ֪ǵʲô𣿡ŵŷӣҲ֪Сӵ׸ʲô  С㣬ղ˵ûⵯȷǶƷӴ󷽵ĳϵ
ΪǶǵһ裡ŵ
ǲǣԲǣֻΪղҵĴΪǸѣӳ
ڵ˼ǣŵʵʵڲ֪«浽ʲô
Ǵ͸ǣ
˵ʱԼЩ֣һǴ׬һʵġ
ڿҪֶˣûоʲô  ܲãҾôЦЦûа׳Ե͡
ŵһӦ˷ܣŸֵĺܷ
ͣ  ŵԼɵӣĻԲġ
ȻҲ֪¸ղԼλĪĹϵ  ӸоֵǣĸҰһʶĻΪʲôһʼʹ绰  ҪԼأ
һһ㶼⣬ʵ⵽ôһ°  һԵǿҲ𾪵Ŀŷӵղ˵͸ǣҪʲô
ǿĿԾǼγһֽʽأ
̾һղҽӵ˾ĵ绰˵׻Ƶʱ˾ȹһһεĵȨǰͣΪ˸мһλ׻˵ľ֮
ܱడ
׶òСӦѵĹֱ޷ˣ
⡭⡭
ŵЩɵˣһӲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ǿʿˮǷܲõ˼ǣⵯͣʲôҲûУ
ǵģֻһҪ󣡣
ӿ˿ŵǿ
ŵһΪһõˣȻӦһ㿪
ŵǲܵ飬ô˵ҲҪСӵʲôĿģ  ҵܽУй¶˷ҵ֪
ӸоԼһҵͽһ㣬Ϊܹɵ룬һνĹʲôأ
ӸоǻģǷǳĻģ˵Լʲôϵء
ɶܹ
ѧĸ߲ҲǱӸŪһһ㶵ġ
һôһأ
ǱĴBOSSı׻Ƶ˾ȹóҲѾǳⷶΧˡ
ҪǴӦˣⵯǿΪṩʮµĴ
ҧҧʮ㹻㹻ˣԽĸĸˡ
һĸĸѾ൱ĲǼϱõģҲˡ
ɽ
ŵɲŹôõĻᣬֻЩ֣Ǹ׵ļһ֮ǰ˵֮ڻһ׼ǣô֪أ
˵֮ǰŵرĻôԺиɻˡ
Ϲèӣ
ŵɲôΪҲôİɣ
ӳһõģǷܵЩʱܵĽнӾˡסֻҼ֪Բܹ֪ˣּҲ
ܲãûκε⣬ҷ
ŵˣǰװ׵һ񰡣A̸ǿǸӵеˡ
ʱˣҲǳ΢΢һЦ
ôˣ
׿˿ӣڵǵСûŵİ  ̵ǸҰһҴʺãϣܹ⣡
ˣǸϽ˾ˣ˵ˣҲǷҪǵĵЦһ
ǣһˣ
Ҳ֪һﵽ˭֪˼Ҳ֮ˣԼǲĴڣ  ŷӴʧƵʱ ŵ˾þõûлع  һﵽ˭
һ֣Ȼֱӽˣ  ֲ˼Ҹղôţ棬˼ʶּűĴϰİ




921ȻA
 

ǸǸʶּŵˣ
ŵĭʵʵ̫ˡ
һԵǿҲΪ˷ܵ˵ţʮĴĵһҪԸ߼ǵĻǻ򣡡
Ҳ飬ֻС̫۸ʶּŵĶ³ԡ
赭д˵ţһԵŵǿֻǱߵͷǡ
ʵǵоûб뷨  ʶּŵĶ³˼ƾʲôӣѰѶ㣿  ҸղǸӾȻ˵³״ã
ǲԵĻġ
ǰһﲻһͬ۴ѧѧţܹţʲôطȥأ  ѲΪϵĹϵɺϵĹϵʹ  ĺʹĻ̸  һʺŻصŵԺ棬Ǵ˵ˡ
Ǹҡܲһ顭
ŵ̬Ѿ˸Եת䣬ҲǺϸ˵ 
˵ɣ
׿ŵӣҲ΢΢һЦŮ˵ҲΪ˹棡  Ů֪ģ˼ҸղŷŭʵҲġ
ֲˣŵӣҲЦ
ŵһA̫ǿˣղѾǣҡ̸еʱǲǿһЩ
ǰⶫƼ򵥣ʵںĸõĶǹҵļ
ǿǱҲ٩٩̸ʵǷǱƷԼܹĻ˭Ը⿴˵ɫأ  躽ĸһϵͳԵĹҹ̣һٶרҵѵҪ˷  ǼǧҵĸͶɹۺϽᾧʵһûдﵽΪȽˮƽҲǷǳ飡  ţû⣬һúõĸ˵ģǺǣҲЦ
ţ׻˵úãڣοһʵ̬桭
ŵҲû˵ȥڿ˼ҹȷǰǵġ
ֻһĻƢŵŵˣ  ˿̵ŵǿѾ˳ݣ˵κεطǻܵ˵ĳݵġ
ܿ׵һεĻص˻˿̸ֵѾ˪  ֪ӵ׸ȥ̸ʲôˣ֪ӺȻԼӪûκεĺġ
ڿ⼸ɵĽˣǸղǷֻӪƺһεŽ  ֣ʵ̫ˣ⵽ô£
Ǽɣ
ŵһ֮˿Ѿɲ١
ĳɹиӵеˣѾ˰ٷ֮ʮˡ
ѵĵһ޴ĹͣȻ֪ʵԼѹûг
С㣬ҸղѾ˵ˣһһǧû
ôԣҾһרҵ̸רңһζľǺܺ۸ĻԸùģҲᡭ
ŵ̬ȷǳǿӲʱѾǿӲʸ  СӦǴӷһǱߵõҪõĶֲм˵
ļ۸ԱȽϵĹǿԽܡŵЦһ
ң˵ˣ۸ûء
֪ʵ׻ƶǷǳļģĲļ  ƽʱĿȪˮһǮһƿ⵽ɳĮȱˮģһǧǮһƿҲ˻ԥǮġ
׿˿ֿ֣˿ǿȻûгĻҿ˰ɣȻʲôĸֲƵҲ֪һֵָƼ
ţеʵϲAĸ߲ģղǿĸ߿ƼϢͻA߼õϣ  ϿǴӾʵģĿǰȽļ  ʵҲûʲôģĿǰAƳĵֵָƷ  ԭҪ׻ṩ߼ļ֧֣һҲ̫ˡ
AȽָƼĿǰ˵δʮھǹˡ
ֵԱߣһԼĪʮµЦһߣ׻ƵļǸЦˣ
ֽԼɪAĸרҼҲָƷ֮һ
Լɪһ˵һʲôָƵĲʱԼɪЦˣЦǷǳĿģ  Ϊǳ׻ƵָƼҲ൱Aʮˮ׼ࡣ
ںĸǿԣʼߣҰȫĶࡣ
Լɪзһ˿мĿ⣬һԵǿҲǽӹó˵һֽסĿ




922ɵ۵Լɪ
 

̸ϣ  ǿЩɵɵĿЩΪûеõ֤Ҳ֪Щʲô  ȥӦǷǳרҵݣǺġ
⡭ǡ
ǿЩʵǺöĻôǽͽҪʤˡ
Цŵʱܣ
ߣװŪԼɪЦһ׻Ƶּţ
ԼɪָרҼˣЩĸǰֱǡ
ֿЦ˼ΪóһνֵָĲܹǽ  ڸֿⲻ׻һװϷѣ
ȻλԼɪרҵĻǾ͸λרҿ¡
׳ǿЦŵǿô˵ˣҲνİֽݸԼɪ
Ȼ׸Ҹ˿Ǿ˵˼  ԼɪЦһǿݹֽֽǰʱһסˡ
ֵָĲֱһģһ
˵ǿΪûнӴֵָĻôɲһ  ִָ򽻵˰ôܲʶأ
Խ¿ԼɪоԽ𾪣
ΪÿһǵĵָһģһֵָݳA߲֪֮⣬Ҳһ＼Ա֪ˡ
йܵĿԼûеģ  ˼ھͰֵָļİԼǰǼֱǴ  Լɪڡ
ֿԼɪɫЩԣҲһͷˮĿԼɪ
Ѳ׻Ƴʲô߼ĻôΪʲôҪԼ̸أ
ⲻǶһٵ  ־϶ǲܵ飬ֻڿԼɪӣһҲû˵  ԼɪŸһ𾪵ĵ⡭⼼ǵֵָƼһģһ
ʵϺܶļԼɪѾǵˣһЩؼԵĲǼǵõġ
ؼԵļһģһԤǣⶫԲǼٵģΪÿһҪϸ֤ܹ֮֮Ч
ʲôԼɪûп
ŵһ£˼Ҫ⼼Ļǻʲôƿԣ
ÿˣǹҵĳҵģҲ֪ˣڴλԼɪڵĿҿԶ϶ⶫӦðٷ֮ٵˡ
΢΢һЦʵ˵Ҳ൱A
ǸֺԼɪǱӽȥһĵĶʱըʱǱ߶ǻ¼ˡ
׶ԺϵҲиˣĿǰĻǱȽϵȫġ
˭˭ģ
ԼɪĿףֺĻݣڱ׻֪ˣǵͶǧƳĶ˲ˮƱˣ
ƺûЩɣԼɪһȷǣѾӵ
׿Ÿ΢΢һЦѾǵתˡ
ŵҲǾˣһﵽʲô˰  ôܵĲȻܹõŵǿоһĲ˼飡
ʵ̫ˣ  㡭ǸҵǹҵĻܡЩܻ˵
˵һ㣬ⶫǹҵԼҵģһλܸߵҵģֻĹϵǣģҪ˵ǿ̸һ̸۸ˡ
׿Ÿ΢΢һЦʼմһ˿΢Ц·һо֮У  ̸۸̸ʲô۸ǲѾֵָƼ𣿻Ҫ𣿡
û˵оһ˿Σ
ΨһҪľǣȥ֮ͳ£Ȼ󳹲£  ˻ܵļǴѪȴΪѣʹ֪ˡ
ˣҿɲӵֵָļƺƵĺĸװ弼ƳķȻ˻и״Ĳ֮νȽĺĸҵĸǰƺûκεܿԡ
׿ŸֺԼɪ˲豭΢΢һڡ
㡭㾹Ȼ֪ôġ
ԼɪԭΪֵָֻļй¶ˣû뵽ȻôĶй¶ˡ
׵Աߣǿһ˷ܵĿף
һﵽǸ˭İȻܹĺöҪ֪һЩĻǻʲô  ʱǿȻǻ֪Ƶģ
Ѿŵף˿̵ŵСǡ
ŵˣһǿŵˣ
ĳֳ׵ĸıƣԭƵһӱǿޱȣ
ʻ˭ܹ˶̵ʱأ
׿ЩɵԼɪ͸΢΢һЦǿ̸һ̸˰ɣҪסЩݲEĹ֪أ




923¡ա
 

ŵǿѾ˵ˣΪǷָҪ˵ˡ
ԭΪһ͵ˣȻΪĽ㣡  ʵϣŵ˵Ҳû뵽龹Ȼݱز
֮ǰһȾAթ̫ˣû뵽һ˲͵˸
ڱԼһʼA̸Ǯˡ
仯ʵ̫죬˸оЩĿϾӡ
Լɪ͸ֵ˵ɫѾѿ˲ѿˣ  û뵽һι׼̵ǮģڱǮû̵Ǳ˸ɶˡ
ܴ谡
ԴӸ̸û飡  Ҫ֪AǿǳκһҸ̸жҪδܷĺġ
С˳вA̸дʹǾǲҪĽడ
Ϊ˵ĻΣ
ֵв֮쳣ŨأһʹвһСӣ  һ˵ĻѾˣȻײڴС
׿˿΢΢һЦû̸ˣҼǵøղŷӺͦȤİɣȻˣȤӦEɣ
бԿ
־϶׵һֶΣһ׵õĶ׵Ĺң
Щڸ߶˵һĹҺӵУ
Ķ֪ĹԽ٣Ƕ׻ʵԽġ
ΪһʹֵȻҪȳ̫̫ˡ
ʵ˵仰ʱѾԼԺȨ׹ϵˣ  ֻϧ֪ȨѾ׵ʧȥˣҪ׻ƵңΪ̫ˣ
׿˿һԵŵ˭Eʹĵ绰ûбص㣬ǲϲ˶̫ɰ
ŵһ׵ĻЦŵ̰ϵ
ܿŵŸֵ濪ʼ绰ˣŵʼϵһֵ̣˶Щסˡ
Ϊһ̸רңǲɿڵģ  ܿ죬ŵѾҵ˵绰ͨEʹ޽зȡϵ
һ޽зʹͻŵ΢΢һЦ
׼Щĳɷ֡
ŵ׻գһ۾øַǳĻɡ
Щ˿¾Ҫ޽зѹԼ Ͳ׻Ƶôĵӣ
׿˿ֺԼɪڿٸһλᣬһǧҿԲЩй¶ȥ
һǧǲˣôܡ
ҡҡͷһǧͳҲδػͬġ
Ҳ֪⺽ĸҪԣǿǻ˲֪ٵʱоĶ
˼ǲӦˣ׿Ÿ΢΢һЦһǧ˵ҲʲôǮ˵ˣ׬ǮֻϰëǾͲˣ
ĹĵĿףһ˵˲  AȷǮһ˭֪ǮҪǮ  ֲɵӣԲܴӦġ
һԵԼɪϣܹĿһºAļǵΪĸҰEĻǿκһ䶼пܱ
Լɪû˵ȥ˼ѾˣŨصв֮ѾԱˣ
вң׵ʼմһ˿ȻЦݣ
һԵŵǿ˶ЩǵĿףΪһѾǳ̸еķ롣
A£ǲģһΣ  İA˵ĺĸľ֮һEĻǿµʱ׻пܱ׷ɱҲ˵
ҪôĻҲûбҪ̫ˡҵıⲢˣϣܹúõ̸һ̸ϣܹΪṩ˭ǵ鱨ĻҲģԺǵѣ
ʱ˵Ҳ˵ֻһǾ뷽跨İǰһס
˲̫ϲвǾܹɱҵĻԹ
һ¿ˮ̵ӣøֺԼɪоһ
Ҫ֪˼Ȼ̸ܹ棬˲ܹıƣ˵˴˵ĵλһ㣡  Խǵλһˣ˵вѶȾԽ
㡭Ĵ𣿡Щܻ˵
ҿûдԣһǧԺǻǺѣô΢΢һЦ
룡
һ˵һǧʵ̫̫ˣɶ˰˵Ǯ  ֵʱԽԽ׷Ҳż
ܿ죬һ˸ıŷѾǽˣ˺ȻEĴʹ޽з򣡣




924¿ܵ޽з
 

޽з
Eפ׻ƵĴʹ˵E׻Ƶһ  ޽зʱӵһ绰绰ǳܲġ
Ҫ֪ſ׻ƵľҵҶԷ˵ƵĳҪ̸һ̸Aĸܶ༼⡣
޽зޱȵ˷ܣĻǶ˵ֱϵڱ鰡
Ҫ֪E˺Aս֮ǵļˮƽѾAһء
ںĸȸ߿ƼǸҲϲϡ
ȻҲԼļļôִܹϢŨصAĸӿأ
ֻЩ֣Aĸļ׻ôأ  ޽зл߽˻ֵʱҲһͷˮ  Ϊʶǿǰ׹ĸ߼ʣҲA̸ר֮һ
ⲻAԼҪԼߺĻĻ޽з϶թˣ
޽з򡭡
һ޽зʱҲЩɵˣ⼸һҲ̫ճ˰
ղ˵ҪE˽û뵽ֱӾͰ˸ˡ
һʼǶǵһвû뵽˼һôˡ
һԵԼɪ򿴵޽зʱҲǾˣԿóһﻹǽˡ
þò˰޽зһȥ֣ȻѾΪAЧˣ
޽зô˵ҶȰ𣿡ֳ
޽зЩŵʵȻ鵽زҲûбҪϷ˰ɣҿǽӵϢŹİ
޽з̸Ŀɲң
׿޽зҲ΢΢һЦһԵĸֺԼɪ۹ⶼܹɱˣ  㣿ǣ
޽зףҲһͷˮΪ֪һﵽ˭  һԵŵЦŵ޽зּˣ
ޣƯС㣬ĺң
޽зŵҲЦʵ֮ǰŵйһν档
һΪŵĸҪE˫ڼ۸ϴǳɹˡ
޽зƯŵҲ̵ӡ
ŵ֣޽зѵˮ֣ȻЦŵʹҲܸˣλǵ̸д֮һ
ղ˵һЩף֪޽зΪĵĿɲĶĵľǽ׵⣡
ĸĺĲһA¼ʲô  ۻѶٵĴۣǶҪ°
׵ͷͨԼĿǰΪȽĺĸֲ֣׻EɽˮֵҲŹâȻĺöóһµĻ
ȻǵĺѰ˵ǶԵģôõĶһµĻȷǿϧ
޽зŸֺԼɪɫһô£
׻ƵЩ̸дԼʵϾҪ̧߼ġ
AΪ׻Ƶ˲ô˼Ѿôˡ
ֿ޽зֿ˿׵ߣϣ˼УĽⶫEĻԸ
˵ˣϲľвȻ˵˺ԸҪܹʲôǲܹܵģ
ԭЦѾȡ֮һĺâ˿ŸоһĲ
һԵŵ׻ƵǵвҹҲҪһº
ߣҾвôˣбץҰҾͰѻߣֵĵҰǵĺĸĲȥĻ
ΪҲ֪Լܹ֧Ŷˡ
һԵԼɪЩĿŸֵ黹Ҫӳ鰡
޽зȻAûг⣬ǿֻиˡһǧ֧𰡣ҿ۽ˡ
仰˵޽зģ˼ֵһǧ
һǧԸ⽫ЩҹĻôһǧǳ޽зԥľʹӦ
Ҫ֪ҪоļҪķѶٵɱǻѾѣ¾Ͳֹһǧˡ
һǧڣ޽з˵оʵ̫ˣ
޽зʹʹ찡ȻĻҿھͿԿʼˡ
ˮҪŸֺԼɪǿԼǵв  ֵӶɳˣԥһȻҡͬķ




925Э
 

ڣ
ԭӲһʧȡ֮һȻı飡
ֻʱˣ׻
Ȼǲܵģ׿ɲ׵һù
Ҫ֮ǰһʼʹӦˣ׻пܻôˣ
ǺǣǲǾͦҪ׿Ÿֲм˵
㡭ʲô˼
ЩԻĿ˿ףһӻûзӦĹ˵ʲô  ЦһұҪΧתǲǣ˵ͬͬ⣿˵ͬͲͬ⣿ҵʲôˣ޽зʹʲôˣ
ҡ
һЩƿԣѾƤҲ߯һЩ  һԵԼɪҲǲΡΡ˵Ҫô죿
Ҳô죬ҪҲ޽зʹҲ԰ǧ𣡣
һ̫ˣһӼ۸һ˭˭Ҳܲ˰
ײںⶫеҪEԻһǧ򣬱ĹҿҲпܻôǮ
˵ģ׿ٿҵʮ  νִӦӦǴӦͲҲһ
ǧڣۣ
˸ղҲӣԭһһҲǵһһǧһ  ֻʵ̫ˣЩ⧲ˣ  ЦһԼʲôöղļ۸ˣǺǣֻǸѧĶѣ
һԵŵǿϴһ˷ܵ飬ŵ̸̸ôã
û̸̸ôˬ  ֱˬˣͱ˵ƣǰɶǸֶǣʱԼһ˳Աأ  ǧ𰡣Ҫõ˺ĸװ׵õǧĻǼֱˣ  оߣŵûһˣ
ǽ׵ķˣ֮ǰԼļһԭһôţˣ  ֻӵʱ俼ǣ֮Һ޽зĽ׾ͻʽ޽зӰɣ
׳޽з΢΢һЦ֪޽зԲ⣡
޽з˵һ  ֵܸѡεģAҪԪһ£ǵĺĸڱ˵УȨѾǵˡ
ӣҵʾһͳ
ֿףҲһƣ˿ӦAҹʱͳô
ʼȻ˵Ļֻźĸ߸㱻̭ˣΪҵʱޡ
㡭ãҴ绰
ֱ Ѿûκε·ˣΪ⺽ĸϵˣ
ΪԼĳ嶯γɵĻǵʱԼΪAˣΪһ̸רԲܹʧ
ͳᣬӦõģǾߣ  ֵĵ绰ܿ˹ȥǳȥģһж׵ĶУ
һH9ʱλͳѾǴһء
û뵽һε׻ƣȻ飬Ȳʤȯȴø³ֱ˹ˣ
Ȩһ֮ǻЭˣ
͵ǻǮƽɣⶫǲܹE˵õ
Ҳֻ֪һҰοĶĲѣΪ׻Ѿõˡ
ֺܿˣһֱӾ͵ǧôףα֤ˣ
Ѿ˵ˣǧҿԲұ֤ı֤ˣΪҿԴӦǵļأǸҲйϵ
׿ŸԴ˵ʵͿ飡  һЩ̱ϣ׵˻ңϣһõˣ
Ȼ
״һָȻԼĿŸ˸֣  ֳǧһǻͨ˻ϣһǾ仰ܹܣల£ǵFBIҲǳصģԼɪߡ
ݻҲ˵˵ѣ֪FBIţ棬Ҳ׻ƵĹϺаɣ  A̸뿪ˣ뿪ʱһ˪һ㣡  ӦǾϻɻ  ʵҲǵùҪû׵Ļǻܹóѡ
ֻǲҵģH9һε鶼Ǳ׸ˡ
ȻһģһǱģǵʧʵ̫һЩ  Ÿֵ뿪ӣ׳޽з΢΢һЦ޽зʹǿ̸һ̸ǵˡ




926׬ǧ
 

ۣ
ŵΪνʱȴû뵽׾ȻֱӾͰԼղ˵Ļ˿һ㣡  һԵ޽зҲЩĿ˿ףʵǸ㲻׻  Ҫ֪ղŲŴӦAʹһת۵ĹҪѶԼ
СѲľͲA˹  Ȼ޽зǳϣܹõAĸЩݣ
ŵЩŵٺúõĿһ£ɲİ
ǰAıһ㣬ɵŵ㰡
ǿһҲżϾѾΪǿݵĶˡ
Ҫ˵һʼǿǿһһʵǿûˡ
ɾô̶СʱҹǿѾһֳݵͶصĸоˡ
ﰡ
Ǵ񼶱˵ǴԼЩ̫ˡ
˼óЩĶǿƵǣ˼ѹҲ¡
Aв  ׿ǿŵЦŵ˿Զ׬Ǯϵʱ˼ȽĶ㲻Ҳǰ׳𣿡
˵Ҳԣ
ǿЩȻĵͷ˼⻰һëҲûа  һԵ޽зĺЩ΢΢˵ô˵ǲأ
⣡һ㲻ϲвǲǿԼϲ飬޽зԿˣɲǵĶ
⻰˵Ĵ޽зҲСӹ̹ġ
޽зЦŵҪȻǸղŵļ۸񣿡
ǺǣȻû⣬ԺʲôõԴһ޽зģ
˳ˮֱͣⶫҲԼоģ  ˵꣬һԵóʮֽЩAЩںĸĺݣ˿Ŷоһ˷ܣ
ȸɣʱǮˣ
һԵŵҲǳ׵ˣһǲСװ  Ͼ֮ͬˣô޽зҪ֪һǧĽװ
EףҲҴȾɣϾ滹AĶأ  ף㡭ôܰѶȸ˼أŵЩеĿ׵
׿˿ŵֿ˿޽зǺǣ
ң
޽зԼоһƣһﾹȻ˵ԼѲԼĳôʵ  E޽зǳЦ滢  ЦŵҴŹ֮һӵ޽зҲͬҵĹ۵İɣѰ㣡EҲȱְɣҶͼҺˣҲš
亹ֱð  ޽зԭΪСǸͷ࣬һЩ˼  ֪ˣһԭߵԼѰ˼һôôĺ˵أΪ
EڱҲ⻼һİôĺĻܶҵĻµʱͲһǧܹˡ
Сӣݣ
޽з˴ĴָڵЩˣֻһȽϵĺ棬Ͳµ˸  ׿޽зЦŵҿʹǸϽ뿪ɣò˶ãӦþͻᱻˣ
˵Ҳԣ
޽зЦЦһջķᣡ
AĸĺĲ˵Ǵһ
ʱصڣ¿϶ǻܵͳļνģԼǰ;Ҳøӵʣ
һ뵽ߣ޽з׾Ȼһӵĸм֮飡  ޽׷֮ЦŵһεĺϾϰһᾡþеöʱģǺĻҲǺķ򣡡
ŵһϲ˵޽з˵ģ
ʵϣ׻ܱߵҲȶE̬м˾Եã
֮ǰųȥ̸еʱΧϾϰѾĹͨ  Eȴٳٲ𸴣ȻҪ׻ƣ
ֻǾ֮ƺһоͱӭжˡ
޽з΢΢һЦû⣡ˣǵҵϢˡ
޽з뿪ӣŵǿıһ̫ɹˣ  һ̫ɹˣɹǸоЩ޷󣡣
Ǹ֪û׵ĻһжһΣ
Եһ£үү
ŵ˷ˣôˣԼĵһҪԼүүǰüˡ
ȻͰٷ֮ʮŵŵĶӦù鹦˼ͷϡ




927µ
 

ӵԼŮ˷ܵĵ绰  Ůüӣֿ˻ڿԼŮ绰ԼҲһļ
ʮķę́ѾһԼĿڴ˰  鳯źϼҵķˣΪ˵Ҫ⼸ȥһϣ  ⼸ܲʲôҲˡ
ǿǹϼﰡ  ϵס  ľ͵ߣģ׵ҪȥĻòСʱʱ䡣
ҪСʱҵĹִܹߣ
˵Сֵߵߵܹɶ
ԭڼأߵߵܹҲЦ
鿴źϹһֵϣⲻҪ50ę́
˵ʲôû˵һ飡
һͶĶʵѾˣֻһ˵Ļ  Ůܹ׸Ūˣ¸û԰
鿴źЦŵ˵쵼˵ҶѾӮˡ
أ֤أ
Ͽ飬СӿľҲһˣ汻Сӱƭȥ
ٺһЦҾ֪Ҫ֤ݣİɣڸ·ϣ
ŵСѾͷ׿ڸ˵ףϻЩȷʵ
ںϿ΢΢׹ģûԣ  ȻŮѧԣ֪ĶҲһЩ  ɸ׵Щɾȣǿ¾Ͳֵһˣ
һŮޣСܹ׵ķϲţһ㶼ţ
⵹ûУ
ЩӵĿźϵȥһ൱Ƿĸо
˵С˵ϲǰɣŲҰֱӺȥû˵
һˣҲǺٺһµϰҶŮǷǳ˽ģǲ֪Ů˵ϲŭ޳ġҪǵˣ϶ŭҪˣ϶ˣ
ôˣѲںܸˣΪӮˣ
û˵һҲ̫һɣô㻨ӣ⻹ûгɹأ͸ҹѱ飡  ҵûоӮˣ쵼ǾˣŮʲô֪ܲտʼСȥʱҾ͸оһâĸоŮʮֵĿװ
ٺһЦ뵽ʮطę́ľƳ涼ˡ
΢΢һЦŮˣôͲأ
СôʱǼŵܣԲܣô˵ɣҵǿһθŵһģǿǼһ֪İɣ
鿴źϣϳʵĹâ
ǿҵȻ֪ˣ˵СԲôȶһѺ֡δ϶һ˲Ű
϶ǿۻǱȽϵпϵģڶǿɲôȤ  ڸȤֻһ飬Ǿ׸ŵ˭˭  ٺһЦǿС׷Ǽŵ׷ôʱ䶼ûгɹء˵һͬ۴ѧҵСӣҼôҪǿŮ䣿Ҹ쵼̫߳ˡ
㰡㣬黹ôϲ룡ǶҪʵ ĵûаٷְٵȷͲҪõ˵ҪľһյĴ𰸣ߴȥġ
ЩˣҲ̫ܹˣ
һֵȻĻǾ͵һɣ쵼ʮķę́ɲҪ᲻ð
飬СӣҪӮˣһƿóȣһƿߣ
ʵҲǸ鿪ЦȻ󣬿ɱϾʱʵ̫ˡ
Ǳ淽ٺãҲһЩƾӷ  ڲȵĻµȵʮʱľζ¶ûˡ
ֻС̫ܴˣûп׵棬Ϊߺŵأ  Сʱ֮׺ŵǿ˺ϵס
ȥ̸еˣûиһϾҪĴ쵼ҲЩ
һε˼ұûгʲôʱҲΣ  Ļ㳷ˣҲеһְֱɣ
׵˽Ϻ鶼Ѿվ
ŵϽĹ鿴ŵЦŵ 
үүﰡŵԼүүЩɻ󣬲ǺǿһźϾϺã
ϹһֵúúãɲŮòΪ
ǿٺһЦϣ⿴ȥүүʮ갡
СӡҲǿһЦСȥûи鷳ɡ




928´Ӵŵţ
 

ϵļУ
ĿԼŮѾƿʮķę́ˡ
һֵǼпڸˡ
Ҹŵ˵أֲǰɣϿЦ
Цŵ˵쵼ֱӰę́óˣҸоҶѾŵζˣ
СӺＱȻóŵ㰡ϿŵЦŵ
ŵһϣ˵
ôЦʵʻǱȽϵĺġ
ŵЦŵҼ֮һˣ
ȵȵȵȣŵ˵ɶأ
һԼŮ˵ĻѾһͷ
ԼŮȻ˵С֮һⲻǳô
΢΢һЦЩ˰ǲôźأŵ㣡С֣
׷ˣŵͷ
˵ʵһ֮ǳ׵ķˣ˵ģһǮûлֱӵõҪõĶ⻹ܲ
ŵԼӹڣûһεĹ̸ôˬ
ŸʹӣһҪЦĳ嶯  ŵûհɣ鿴ԼŮƵʵ
ǿһԵϣô˵ɣⱲӼţһû֮һûп̸а
̸жнô
ѹҲţִڽ׵̸Уûиһ¸̸ġ
̸̸ܹˣ
үүһҪ㱨أA̸ˣĵҲ̸ˣ
ŵϲ˷ܵɫ˵һεԲˡ
ԼҲԺúõĻؼҹһȵĺˣ  ŵڸүүҲһˣA̸ˣ׻Ƶģ̸еӻûеأԲܣ
Ҳţô̸ˣ
Ͽ˼ҺƭʲôĵǼ۸⣬ʵ̸̸Ҳ飬ֻҪϳǮ˼ҿ϶öģ
ԶԶԣ۸⣡ǲʾ㱨Ȼ̸ˣ۸ܹ𣿼ֱϹ֣
뵽Ϊؼ⣬Ϊ֮ǰѹҲûȥ⣬̸лأ
һΪԼŮ׵ĽռϷ磬ƺô°  һ뵽ԼһӴʮę́ĸоһĵѪ  ֲҪǮʾ㱨ʲôүү㲻ǸЦذɣ
ŵԼүүӣҲǶԼүүһ˻治ô
ԼŮΪԲŵôҲġ
ǺǣҪǮʲôʱAôѺˣ鿴ԼŮȻ٩ԼҲǵ٩˹ȥ
үү˵˺Aһλķ֣ͣA˾ȻǧΪǸ
ŵ˻һ飬һԵĺҲǾˣ
AһǮҪǧΪǸôأ  ѲA̸ų׵ķ˲ɣ
ָʼûеģ˶סˣô㶵ĿŵŮ㲻ӳ˰ɣ
ϵһʱ뵽ľףʵһ׹ȥľΪһһֱԼŮ  ʵǵһĿģںϵΪġ
ôԼŮȻҪѹѹһˣҲͳ˸ղŵһĻ  û뵽龹ȻӵģAȻǧ
Ҫ֪ǿǧ𰡣׻һľˣֱּ̫ˡ
ŵô°Ͽŵ
һԵϣŵ⺢ƽʱͦģû뵽ھȻѧᴵţˡ
ˣô֪˼ŵǴţģҿģϳ
һԵŵϣĲƭʵ˵Ķģ˵ʵҸǿڻûлأ
ǿҲǵͷϣϣİûпΣҪǿĻҲþ°ͣ
û˵ôô
ϣġ
˵꣬ŵǿ赺ϵĽ˵һ飬ŵ̸гڲźõû˵
˵һһ׵ģǵŻΪһء
СְȻǸǰ˷֮Ҳ͵ӵ
ϣʵûʲôġЦŵ
һԵʿˮ֡ǴAĸ߲ģԹԣһӿΪǹʡȥ˲Ǯ




929ͱٿŽ𶹶
 

ˣ
鳹Ȧˣ
ϻһЩΪ˺ܶ࣡
Ǹһ飬о׾һ漣Ĵˡ
ɺҲķ֣ƺѰ˺ܲһЩ㲻ס
ҲνˣΪ˼ҲһΪ֣ҪǶ༸ĻֺγҲǿأ
Զ֮˼ΪѾ̫̫ĺˣ  ϣʵҲû˭ʲôúڿͼ͵ġ
Цŵʵ׼õдʡ
˵ˣ֪ôһżģ˵Aĸ߲㽻ףºҲţ  ˵úڿͼŷĺܡ
ڿͣ͵ģ
ŵ׾ǿһ̥һЩȦˡ
һԵǿҲ𾪵Ŀʵڿͼ˵ҿЦذɣҼǵúڿͼĿǰǿӦþAİɣҲǸء
ҲǺڿͣЦʵ
ǿٺһЦǸѵɣһ㣡֪Aмرţ氡
ŶǺǣԺǿԽһ¾飡Цŵ
֮ǰСָAļСڿͶһΣҺǵиǰɣЦס
ʵҲЩǵˣϾϹע̫࣬һ治ôǵá
ɶɶ⣿磿ڶ磿
ǿ֪һҺͻǹҰȫ飡  Ҫ֪Ļ°Ͷܹĵ
ڿͽǰУˣȻ֮һ
ǿһŵʱ˶ľ
ҵǲ΢΢ҡͷӦڱԭ֮ڵİɣ
ԭȻôһλţ˰֮ǰһеǡ
ǿЩ˼˵Ȼ֮ǰǿš
ϹһֵСӻҿС֣ҲСƢûиƽϣҪǼƽĻ㻹治ð졭
ǣ˵ǡǿʱҲҷ찡  һԵΪ˵˵쵼Ҳ̫˰ɣҳΪǹ˾޴ĹףǿϾǸУ
УǺǡ
Ͽ΢΢һЦЩм
ƵĿźϵ쵼ɶ񰡣˵ˣ
˼С־ͱһ𶹶˵أϿЦŵ
ɶ⣿ǽǿ𾪵ĿףһԵŵҲЩľʵ⡭ôأ
ô᲻ҲǳΪУ𣿶Щ˲ţǲһģЦŵСһαҵİȫսУ˺ͣɶֳƿģ˵ء
桭
𾪵Ŀףֲ֮ǰ쵼ôţ˼ţ˰
Цŵϣϵ׿ɶҴ˰
ҲǿЦ˼СӰһę́ʲôʱ͹вûƣҸоЩô°
쵼쵼ƿвУ鿴źϣ΢΢ҡͷɶƿƿ˰ɣ
˵Сӣڸּۻ˰ղôûпĴأЩЦ
ҵ쵼͸һƿҲа
Щɥ֪ôţôܸ϶أ  Ӧһϻϵ
ˣ˭ǵıأɣŪһƿˣЦŵŪһƿʮģŪһƿʮģҸˡ
쵼ҪʮҲļٵİ
˲ָ֮ǰıɫźһļһþ֮ˡ
ǿǺþ֮оԼ˶е߲·ˡ
쵼Ѻþó鵱ȻǼѰ
ǣ쵼ҪˣĻܹʡ¼ƿþˡ
һԵŵԼүүӣЩֵ˵үүô°ϴˣôӰ㲻ǳ˵Ըķ
ȥȥȥѾͷƬӣڸ첲ⶼ˰Ц
һԵǿҲǺٺһЦϺǾ˰
һȥôƣ㻹ҪˣҪкþƸϽƿҳҿ֪ϼǺҲвصĺþư鿴ǿٺһЦ
΢΢һЦǿСӻϽȥƿúõıһ£ŵ⺢ӻǺܲģѽһҲûĳȥ
ϡŵɫһ졣
׿żĵͦʵҲЦŵϣиһ¡




930˵
 

˵Ŀⶼ׵ϣŵǿˣ
ѾΪǵż񣬾Եż
˶ڴ׽Ҫ˵ʲôһ˵ÿζܹǵע⣡  ׿źЦŵϣһθAףõǧE׵õһǧһǧҴã
Ҵã
Ͽף֪׸Ǯ˼ڵ˵׬ٶǮʵҲô¡
һԵЩɵ۵Ŀ׵ĴôǮǽ켸ʮҺĸ
һĸʵҲͼڣǧˣ  ˵ĵȷûдģǧĻʱ۸ʲô¶Ҫ̫̫ˡ
ܲ  ЦŵνģҲǮֻҪǶ׻ҿ
ϹһЦӽǮСӣڷûУ
ŵͷҲǶͶ˰Ĵָ
һǳ׵ķˣƽһμ  ǿʿˮ˵ôںǮǧ𰡣һ룬ԼһҲǿԵİ
ŵҲǵͷҵĻôǮҶ֪Ӧôˣ
һǮӦġѾΪǹʡ˲֪ǮˣǮȫߣҲû˵һ仰ģ
ҵҪ˭˵бҲһǮȥŪȽļ
ϳľǲóǮҲ˵һġ
̸ģ֮ǰH9磬Ѿù׬һǧˣ
һǧڻϣ֪ܹĹ̳
˵׶ڹҵĹףѾ˵  Ǯʵ̫ˣҿЩ˿϶᷸۲ģ
ߣһ۲ҿҸΣЦһ
ݸһЦ֪ģʵҲǮҪĻʱؿ԰ҵĲҵ
׵뷨ʵһʼϼţҲΪ׬Ǯ  ˵ˣһԼҪȥɽĻҵ˵ɶ  ͸˿˼ҶҪǸ׸Ҳ˵أ  ԣ׬ǮҲһȤѣΪϾҲˣ
𾪵Ŀ׵С֣ô뷨
ŵһЦŵϰʲǧĻǼֱǲܱȰҿҲûʲôСֵˣ
ǰ쵼ǧ𰡣Ǯиһ˲ˣǧڱǼֱС׼ףò˵ңҶ
и̾˲ð  ϺٺһЦСֵʲС׼ף֪˼СǸʲô𣿡
쵼ָˣһǾ仰ǧǰһжֽϻ
ƶ˵ʵ˵ҲǶԵģ  һҵǧǰǻ϶ģֻϧ׵ϼŷչǱ֮ЩĿ࣡
ΪĿǰгֵѾﵽˣֻǶ̶̵ļʱ䣡
ʱٳһЩĻ¾Ͳڵˣڶпܵġ
Ϊϳ˾ŮˣŮҪҪգѾûеڶ·ˣ
ϻױƷŮЧһģ˵ͻȺѾǷ䵽ȫ磡  ʲôһ  Ǻǣ֪û˵һϼŵҵϿЦʵ
ϼţ˵ǰһӾ˵ͦģ
һԵŵʿˮϣ˵⡭ϼİ
£  ŵ̸ר˵Щˣ϶޷ܵˣ
һԵǿҲֱ֡
ǺǣȷҵģҲֱӿڵ
ȥ
ǿʵûסȻ˴ֿڣ  һԵϼž˵ճðɣţţȥ
΢΢һЦ㵽ҵͻһݱˡĿǰϵĹֵϼŵֵѾͻһڣۺ׻ƱҴԼһǧǸʼ
࣡
鳹׵ɵˣоԼǮѾǮˣ  ǧڣһôܹܵأЩʱ˴沦ѻôѣ  ЦŵҵҲҪһҵҪ캽ĸս֮ģĿǰֻһ룡
С֣Ĵ󵨵ȥɣڱϴһӵ
һԵŵЩ֧֧˵ǡǸҡиһ¡




931¸ŵĴ
 

ŵף۾жˮˡ
ΪһŮˣΪȤĻĪڻױƷˣŵôǿƣô㣡
ȴܹƵģŵ˵ջκζҪҪ
ʲô£˵޷
ҲЦŵʵԼѾܹ³˾Ųʮˡ
ҡҾҪǲƷеǸǲôĺðŵʵ
Ǯ˲ģϰˣǿƵ˵
ʵҲȨ֮󣬿ǼҲ̣ҲûʲôǮ
ֻܹ˵Բһǰ̣
ֻҪ˵ǮĻôĺǿԵǧһƿĻױƷ  һܹ𣿻ܹ͵ǮˣҲһĻױƷ
ΪױƷϾƷ˵һƿҲһҵʱ䡣
һ겻ǧĻҲ̫ˣ  ǸױƷСԣСôſһúúõĿһòǼŵСӽأ鿴ǿ˵
ҡǿһӱҭЩ˵ˡ
ʲô㣬˵СӲүүд
үүϹʲôôŵƵ˵
ɶ⣿үүһƿױƷӾôүү۾һɡ
һԵǿԷЦүƢҲ̫ˣ˵Ϳʼ廰  һҲǶ˶Ѽˣ  Ȼ  ŵٺһЦŮˣүүøһǧ˰ŮһƿױƷɣŵллүү˰
ɶɶɶ⣿Ǯ
黹ΪԼˣŮӵĻױƷҲмǮģǮõġ
ɵԼ˵һǧ˰ʱûһ  һǧ˰ⲻǸЦ⹤һҲ׬ôǮ
Ǯ
ǮҲûôĿɣ˰  һǧ˰򰡣ղŲ˵ҪͬˣүүŵƤ˵
ҪܹĻˣõȵڣ
ֻ֪۸ģֻЩ棬ǵôЧô
ŵõĻױƷЧǷǳȻֻõ˵ıʯ
ɾǱʯоЧѾǱϼǮĻױƷҪ̫̫ˣ۸ֵõġ
ûп𣬸û˵Ч  ͬΪŮˣȻҪЧˣ
һ·ǱߣΪŮǻ̲סĶ࿴۵ġ
Щʱòģõģ
ĸ˶ļ۰һǧ˰ôȥأ
Ϊε˵Ȼ۸֮ҲǶ˼£
СӣͲҪⶪ۵Цŵ˼Ҷ۵ľǰ˵ˣ˼Ҳб˵Ĳǣ
ҡҾôһ˵ٺٺ٣Ҳ˲Ծղ˼Ҳ˵ϼԼġ
Լղô˵ǻĴ˼  Цŵ޷۸ȷͦߵġǮ˵ǮΪʲô׬׬ȥһЩҵ߾һЩḶ́ⲻǺܺ𣿶һﲻǹڣҲˡ
ԶԶԣǶԵģ
ʵôһ˵Ҳǳ׵ˣ˼Ǿ۲ƺɢƵĵ
ЦŵСɣһҸһ绰˵˵ģԺСѣ
ѣ̫˰
ŵ˵ĴҲŵ̰ڰֵ
ЦŵʵɱߣҲͰʮǮѣǺǣ
ɶʮǮô󣿡ǿһҲ𾪵Ŀף׿˿ǿǸδϱõģҪùһأ
ָ磬ֶǿһЩ״ˣٺһЦҴˣĴˣ
ݸһЦ
ŵ֪˼һθǾԵĴ  ǧһƿĻױƷãһתֶǮԼҲġ
ΪԵɺʶ˼ҵĻԼⱲӶĻȥӵĻױƷˡ
ŵȻԼ˵ģ
ͬʱҲһǧܿˣΪ˼ұţ̫̫ˡ
ǰ׾Ծˡ
׿˿ʱ䣬Цŵϣһ극׼ϼңм͹ˣһ굽ͷĲȥܵĻȥԼĸĸ
ǺǣǵȻģ˲ûТģҺúúһʮę́ȵֵˣСְԺʲôֱӴҵ绰ˣĴ󵨵ȥɣһ˵ģ
Ͽ΢΢һЦ
Ҳǵͷ ЦŵԺеļƻǲٵģȺпյĻ̸
³ŷ˵鶼Ǻõ˼㣡
ײϵһ׾ȻҲǾи֣Ƕ׹Ŀ࿴  ͷľܺȾƵģ  ôܺȣھϸ׳ֵһԵŵǿΪΣ  㷹֮Ҳǳűصķ뿪ˡ




932ѹ
 

Ϻ  ׻صеʱһǱأ׻ִ󺣺͹˺÷ҲЦ  һԵַԬСǵһΪԬСϲˣҲ൱Ŀģ  Сװû˰ַЦŵ
һԵַƿҲ΢΢һЦСܣײβǺǡ
裬硢ɩӡ㡭װĽһ飬ȻЦŵЩæµԻһЩһ굽ͷҪİ
СףǶأôûִ󺣿ʵ
ĸ󣿡ѿڶʵ
ִ̾һСϢˣɱʲôӳ̸ͺú̸
֣СԼأСһ߶߶ûòðַƿԼϰҲЦе˵
˺÷׵СףǺ֣ǼСôС̸żʲô
ҲһΣѾкüˣղһһ˵©ˡ
ԼϽ߳žûɶ£
׿˿ַЦŵ㣬̸ûа
Ҳϰ˵㣬Ϳʼ˵ǰɣСǷǲǣַƿ׵۾˵
Сƾ˵̸ˡ
ַһЦе˵ַҲһҪЦ
ļٵģ㣬Ǻ°ļҵСӰôҲǼ׿ַЦŵ
磬ô°˵˲˵˵ô฾һء
ַڵһɫͨ죬Ȼ׹밮ӵһ־
ַһֵ˵Ҹ˵û˵ҸС˵˵ˣСǼˣ˶ôҲø˵˵ɣһҪɶզأ
ǻˣַƼæ
ִ󺣳СưһҪСװѰѹأһε㶼ˣͷһҪذ
ַҲǵͷСãʵҲ˼ϾͷȻ࣬ǻҲٰ
ȻС׻ˣСưҿҲ˵˵ɣС׸һȥҪǺʾ㶨ҲС˰
˺÷ַƣҲЩ˵
裬ô°Ҷ˵鲻Ҫǲģ˵ˣСҪĻǡҲõһȰɣ
ַƤĺܱһѾüˡ
ִ󺣿ַƳУϣԲϣСף͸ַȥ󵽵Ǹʲôģ׿ס
Ҳǿ裬ôһҽȥѹذ⡭ǻİ
СӻϵקǰɣӲˣҽвˣ
ִҳʽȨеģӺˣ⽨ıҲ¶ˡ
ʵҲǺ飬Ҳ⣬ϾǶǴһģ
ַЦŵСף߶ͣỹûء
磬Ҵ˰զȥѰѹأû˵
ңʵȥɲַЦŵ
ִĳ˵СϾû࣬Сװôһ㣬ѲĻ¡
õõãȥȥ
ҲǱ˸ˣڼҲţȥҲν飡
ַƿˣĶŵ㡭ôҰҲǸոȷϵǾ͡
㣬Ȼϰ˵ˣǾȥ£Ҳν˵ˣҿСӰʱǵҰ
һЦڼע˰ٷ֮ٵĸġ
һִô˵ˣһҲûзȻ֪˿Ҳûã  ƨɻûأͱȥַƵĶ  ⻹һƣ  ڶһ磬ַľˣʵصԼķ֮󣬾һֱ󷢶ţΪľǽ飡
ַƸûб¶ԼǸɶģҲû˵Լĵܵܵ飡
ֻ˵ԼһױƷ˾ԱȽϵ鷳
Ȼڸз˵ֻиԼС˵ˡ
ԼСֲˣ˵˵ˣҲ·Ц
˵ַƵѸַʶҲǷǳɺϣһַȥJгڸеġ
˵ʱ·ĵͦͶԵģټǶQˣһȥľϤˣ˻һ绰룡  Jлַ֮ƺ˾ʹȻ𣬺ﲻסַƾ͸ַ˵ˡ
ֻû뵽ոȷŮѹϵԼͱԼĴˡ
Ҳһİûڣ
ԭǴԼϤ֮׼˵ģƺһвˡ




933½ܽ
 

ַƵĳǳĵ͵ڵأǺɫģ
ȥϢȽϵŨأȻǮˣַȴû԰
˵жǳΪҪһ֣
ԼĵܻܵţһĻԼһ˶ŪʳǣǾõĻر
׿ųĳ൱ľտַƿ׿֮죬ҲЩоˣ
СףͲܿ绹һʱءַЩµ˵
׿˿ԼϽЩ׵ɫҲʶˣЦŵУҿ㣡˶㣬ɶϢҲûУ֪˼ҽɶôܰ
ʵҲ֪ô˵Ҷ˲Ǻ˽⣡ַʼ
˽̸ǵһεĽѵˣֲڼҵʱ˵ԼûװЦŵ
㻹ЦҪӦôˬ죬ϰҲɶġַЩֵĿ׵
ε˵ϰֶѻ˵Ǹˣ˵ӵѵûȥһΣܷ˵⣿
˵Ҳ Ұ˾Щ˼룡ַЦŵ
Ⱑ˵զ˵ʵҪСӸƭϽĻôʰ
׶ݺݵ˵⵹һԵַһĽš
ԼСҲǼʶˣΪˣʵ׹
ԸַֻϧַҲܿʲôġ
̵ַСܣǧ嶯˼Ǹɶģ˼Ҷһǲġ˵ˣҲƭ˼ˡ
ƭ˼ʲôЩƵĿԼϽ㣬ΪԼϽһǳڵˣƭˣôƲأ  ַЩ˵ʵҲ֪ͷĲţҲû˵Ǹʲôģ˵һͨ˾Աʱǧ𡭡
Ҵǰɣûû£ҪСʵɿĻǵʱҼҲԣЦŵ
㼯ûн˾ȥʲôַʼ
Ǹ㽨ģ׿˿ַƵ˵ҵĶ㰡㵽ڶû˵˵֣ҪզΣ
ݣַѿڶ
־˰Щ٩˵
ַЩݣǹʲô䰡㡭
⻹ûм޸˼أ첲˰ҾǿЦ׿ɫͨĶ㣬ҲЦ
ףЦҿַЦ
׿ַƵʲô֪֪
Ĳ֪ҲΪһˣҵļͥҲȥļͥģҾø鴿һЩǲġ
ַƿЦŵİ飡  Ȼڵİв̫̫ԪأϣԼİЩ  ѡ˲ŲʣֻҪ˹ãֻҪĶã  ڵһжǿԽġ
Цŵ㣬ľԽԽ˰զ˼˵Ҫȥİĸ˼˵İɣ
ûûУôô˵أ˵СܴӽѧˣҪȥ棬ûпճԸ
ַ˵ǻǷǳģ׾˵ǻǿԵġ
ĴָҲ䷹ľͲ˰ȥﰡ
ţţ㲻ɣˣҲ֪ʲôطȥԣԾȥţŰɣ˵ڽҲһҸߵʲôʱϽȥһ԰
ַƿЦŵ
׿ַƺٺһЦȥʲôʱ򶼿ȥҪ㣿ҵĵ겻ĵ
СӣԽԽˣ֪˶ŮˣַЦ
׺ٺһЦʱһҰӣ˵˵
㻹кüַƳԾĿס
΢΢һЦԺл˵ɣİɣûµģأ
ðɣԼͺãҲܲʲôַ΢΢ͷ
һ·Qеķ򼲳۶ȥQеʱѾ粻11ˡ
Ϻ򿪵QеҲһ׵顣
ַƳԼһΣʵҲͦġ
ţλQĵķضΣȫģ۸ȴЩ
ͨһţżʮϰٲȣţ϶ϵġ
ѾͨİܹѵĵطϾҶҪӵġ
ǶһЩСʼͥ˵һѸҲǺѹġ
ţŵĶλҲǸߵҲǵͶˣǵĶλǳǾе
ַѡݵļͥӦòҲԲǴ󸻴ļͥ
׺ַƳţŵ˹ȥ  ַƿŶһ˹ġһӣһЦݣûõȰɣһ£Сסףλݣѡ
á
֣Ȼ  ס
׼֮ʣһ׵ıЩֵĻعͷ˿




934żͬѧ
 

ţ  ׻عͷʱ򣬿һ໹㲻ŮԼкء
ǡ
׸оŮЩϤһֲôˡ
˵벻Ůڵı仯ǳĴ
ף˰ַƿʵҪȻ˼һԷ
˲ˣѾԹˣǰɣϺѧף㲻ǵˣ
һʵ
ôأ仯󰡣Ҷϲˣ
׵ĳͬѧ  ׻ͦϤģ˵ı仯ʵ̫ˣ·߻Ĳϡ
׵ļǿҲͲסվ޴ı仯ڼϻױݣǸԱˡ
СѼˣ˭һϵóأ  װ㻹ӣǰڳеʱѧϰɼˣû뵽仯СҲ㰡
ͬѧҲΪ˷ܣһļ
Ҳû뵽̫Сһ㰡Цŵ
˿ַǣЦŵף¾æȲ˵ˡɣĵ绰ҡ
ױһ֣ȻͿѵ绰ˡ
ܿ׵Ҳʾһ֣Ӧþģ  ĺ룬ڽ黹ڽưĳɼ϶ڽ˰Цŵ
ţڽ飡Цŵ
һ̫ˣϴҼʱһܼ
ţ׿˿Щɻʵ
һֵ˵ɲɰɣһιܶͬѧˣҴҾǰæ⼸һۣʱڽ֪ģҶ׷ѵĸ۲
Ͼۻᰡ˵Լȥţһ˵ڡ
˵ʵͬѧۻѾЩˣĲԸȥ
ͬѧҲкЩ겻ˣͦҵģһЩˡ
ף㵱ǰѧϰίԱСҲǸɲӶЩɣ
˵Щͱˣȥͦŵÿġ
Щε˵УȻŮˣⲻȥҲаɣ㷢ַңϹȥ
OK
Ҵҵ뿪ˣȥƺҪȥ
׻عͷ˿Щ˼˵磬ǲ˼Ҳû뵽ôɺϡ
ûµģǰɣμ棬͸㣡
ƺģóһеݸףҲƣ
ԭΪһʲôɶģѾ׼ˡ
û뵽˼һͦĵģһ㣬˵˼ҶԼϽθ黹ͦӵġ
ʲô
ԹԵĲ𿪣һԵַƸʹɫûá
ַƵ˼Ҫ׻ؼҵʱڴ򿪣ȴûô
СʮǮСԼĻۿɾ͵̫ˡ
Ͼܹţŵˣ˵˼һЩʵġ
һʿƤĽģҲʺˣʱУ
΢΢һЦЦдһŵϢ
ͨ˵˵̸ֹԿó˼ӦܹõĽģҼҽӦǱȽϵġ
ⶫǲ׿˿ۣҲǧǮҲЦŵ
Цŵǻȵ˰ɡ
ܿԱߣµٶȻǺܿģһһţڼһˮɳϣ
磬֮ǰҽ˵ˣʵ˵һιҲҪţҪǲģ׿Цŵ
ף˵ʲôءַƵ۾ףһô˵ʵء
ʵַƲ֪ǣЩʱһЩ𵽺ܺõЧ
Ȼ
΢΢ͷʵҲµˣǺǣ֮⡣˵ʵҸַƵĹϵҽҲѾҸĸ˵ˡ
֪ĸ̬ǣ׿ʵ
ǺǣҰҵĻʲôҪֻҪϲͿˡֻݵü֮䷺һ˿ݵ
ʲôЩͱ˵ʵ
΢΢һЦʵҲûʲôֻҼһЩҪԭǴַƹȥһҵĸĸģֻҰЩ࣬ǲǵ󡭡
ҲżġַЦǺǵ˵
׿˿ݣʵԿóСӸղ˵ʱЩ룡  ȻǼӦóʲô飬ܹе߳Էֻ˵һʹӲ
ͬҲ˵һϲԼϽģ
׾ٹһ顭




935˵
 

ţŲ  ׿ַһ۵ĿԼѣҲ΢΢һЦ
Цŵ磬֪ʲôģ
ĿĺܵΪܹԼĽһˣ
Ǹ㽨ģǺǣĿǰԼҵС˾θְܾ񣡡ݳ΢΢һЦ
ǳǮˣ׿ҲЦʵ
ɰɣǴﵽС
˵ԵòôţҪ˵Լҿ˸˾ԲСˮ׼ˡ
СףôʻԵϽˣ
ַЩˣҲǳƵ˵
ʵô˵ҲΪ˻ζѣϾҲ֪ԼСѹҲȱǮ
ֻ֪ݲ֪  õõãȥϴּ䡭
׿Ҳʼ磬ƺٸǸײ˼  Ҫȥʵ̫ˣղŵ׵Ϣ
Ϊľܹȫλ˽˶ѣڼϸ㽨ĸܣҵ
ӦþͺܺòˣȻˣ齻ƿڵҲǲһ顣
ƿĸ׻ƹѾΪиˣҲǰٳ߸ͷһˡ
ƿһǱȽϵĵ͵ټĸ׻ƹ׿һΪQлƿĿڱҲ൱ĺõġ
֮ǰQеʱ򣬾͸ƿϼŵķвй
ڵĻƿͶأϻױƷˡ
һӾʹ˱صGDPQеGDP
ƿǸӵˣ˿̵Ű࣬ۿžͿҪ°ˡ
һİĺ룡  ƿİĺ뾹ȻǽģһӻΪƭӣ
һ绰ҲûйңҲǱŵ٩̬ˡ
׻ٱչ˾
ƿȫǵ٩ˣһԸ绰ľǱչ˾ˡ
ΪƷʱûƼĳȥԼȦˣ
Żƿƿף
ȿȿȡƿһԱţ㱻ԼĿˮǺָ֡磬ôأ
ǺǣΪʲôأСҵ绰ûУЦʵ
˵ֻǸջģ֮ǰֻС͵˳ˣҪҴһĻƿƵ˵
˵СڸɱˣŻƿ֮ǰԱҲЩ֡
СӽʱյĵλƺӦר  ָ磬ղһ⽭ĵ绰һΪƭӵ绰ءҡƿЩ˼˵
ǺǣСӹİЦЦQбȽϵϤ֪ܲܰҴˣҼã
ûⰡָ磬ֻҪ˵Ϣƿ΢΢һЦ
һȻݵϢ˵һ飬ƿæ˵û⣬Ȼ˵绰
֮󣡣
һεĻصλϣʱȻַ˵ЦʱʱһԼֱ˵Ӧмµġ
ַƺݿ׻ˣƺҲЩ
Ҫµʱĵ绰ȻˣװԵƿһİЧҲ̫һЩɣ
˼ҽӸ绰׿˿ݣֳԱ߿˵㡣
绰
ƿѾָ磬һֽ޹˾ܣҪ̷Ĺ̳нӡ
ţ˾ģôʵ
ģô˵أעʱ򣬷˴죬ҲָҪҰݵĸףָ磬Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪˣһС˾ѣȫǷַѹ
ƿڵ绰ͷҲΪֵ
ЦŵҶеȤԲһ飡ûʲôˣ
ָ磬ȻˣǷ񹤹ʣءƿ
Ƿũ񹤹ʣЩɻʵ
ƿǰصȻǷũ񹤵нˮҲ֪÷вҲģָʱʵ̫ˣһҲûвôϸֻ˵ô飬Ҿ˵ֵĻͦģѾˡ
ôأüʵֲƺһֱôߵΪ顣
ָ磬ǿǷũ񹤹ʰڹҶֱ̣ⷽ˵ֵô󲻴󣿡
ƿ鵽ЩϢЩôģϾ˵ҲһۺϵĿ
һεʵô
ָҾ͸˵һĻɣݣУʮ꣬δ飬ҵʡרҵ˶ʿѧλҶλѧУѧ𣬻عƲˣܾƷʲôģͲ̫òˡ
ƿҲЦЦô̵ʱڲ鵽ôĶѾΪˡ
OKлЦŵпһ۾ۡ




936Σ
 

ƿҲЦеĹ˵绰ָ»ԼоһĿģ  绰֮׻صλ֮ϣ  ݲ֪׵Լһ򶨵ݣ
СףϽģ˼ţųȳԺóԡַЦŵ
һʼڼҲһûһ졣
ŴҳԵĲˣַƿ׵˵Сװ㲻ϻҪȥμӳͬѧۻ
ɶ˼Ҫ߰Цŵ 
һЦŵСƵ˼Ҫ߳Ըߡ
ҿ㲻ҽ߰ɣ
׿ݣʵԸоóĵĽǡ
ԼҵĹ˾⵵ӵ飬˭ҲʲôĲ
˼ܹ̬ôã˿ԼĽ㵣ģѾ൱Ĳˡ
Сףô˵أŲŶ㰡˼ҹҪġַƿߺ˵˵ҲƵ˵
ݿ˿ЦŵСְô뷨ǲĲã
⵹ǣٵĿǰҶ˻ǱȽϵġ£ȴôţǲݰ
׿ݣǷũ񹤹ʵĻǲݱжô㣬Ҳͬġ
ᣡ  ǮȥĻֻܹ˵ɥʧĵˡ
⡭ûʲôġһ׵ĻϽ
ַҲ˲ԾʵһʼǱͷԡ
ɵͻɫʱ֪ԼСΪԼá
Դһεַ֮Ƶ쳣У  ַƿɫһݣǲǣ
ûûûУЩ˵ǼԼ飬СƸʵҲǸ£ҡ
磬ղһ˵һĹ˾Ƿũ񹤹ʡ
׿ݳûе֮ǰҲһ͵Ļġ
Сףʲôϵ𣿡ַƿ׵ɴ۾Ѿ뵽һЩʲôֻ֤ʵ
Ƿũ񹤹ʣƷⰡ
׿˿ݵӦñɣ
С㡭ң
ЩԾĿףһѧôô̵ʱڵԼأ  жȻҲʲô飬վЩоԾ
˵ˣַƲһͨŮַƵСҲ̫˰ɣ  ҲǵɣиQлЩϵ˳һ䣬ֻû뵽ȻİҲһ£Ҳ֪飡
ҲҴţһԺԼĽǻҪദġ
ݿֿ˿ַƣ̾һˣȻѾ֪ˣҲˡǼҵĲҵǷũ񹤹ʵҲġ
ݣû뵽ǼҾȻˣ˼ũķ紵ɹǴ򹤣ǾȻǷ˼ҵĹʣأ
ַƿȥЩƺǷĹһ㣡  ַƵĺܣЩ಻ɳӣҲϲһԭ
㣬ȱ𼤶ǷΪͱ֣֪һְ׿ʵ
С֣ô˵ɣҺСʱҰ־ͳˣѾʮˣʮһֱǾҵҵȻҵӲ󣬿ҲûǷһǮֻһΡ
̾һƺڸ׽һ£  ôǷũ񹤹ʾǲԣַЩ˵
Ϊͬ˵ҵȻ֪˵ȱµûһǱ˸ˣ
˿ˣַƿЩŵʵ
һQһҺܴĽ˾꽨˱ع·ı꣬ҵȥ
ΪʲôȥܶѾҪȥİɣ׿ɻʵ
ǰǻû⣬ϾְǺ飡ڼĿڱҵһֱǳãһ׬ͷҲ࡭
˵ʱҲһķ
ǻ꽨ûǮô꾹ȻûеǮ׳ʵ
С֣ʵҵˮģһ϶ǿŴάֵģΪԴ׬һʣ֪Ƶ˵
׳ǿͨɵ;
⻪꽨൱ͷģ˵ڰͨԣǵĶ֣Ǿôţǻûа취
ЩҲΪƣ˿ҲǷйһе
ȻЩһѧʵûжãйһҲǺõģҲԸַ˵ˡ




937һ˲˵һ
 

ţ
ݵɫ൱Ĳÿ˭飬Ҳ˵ġ
ԼʱƲΣգ͸ˡ
׿ݳʵûе취εˣ
̾һһֱƷʣάϵ滹ǲôóʱǾҪЭҲǺѵġǸ֪꽨ΪʲôͻȻǰʵҲһЩ
ӦʲôĿģ׳
ݵͷٵȵǵĿͻֳˡ
ַһݣ֮ǰҴˡԲ𡭡
Сơݿ˿ַЩȻ
ݣ˵ʲôַƿЩ˼ʵ
СڼȻ֪ҼҵҲ֪ҵκѡ񣡡
ǻһίķ˵˳
ʵԥһַһŮĺŮԼ
꽨飬ǼҼҪˣ  Ϊ꽨ʵ̫ˣһŲǮһũȥǮ
ݵĸҲ⻼ҪŲĻһֵиĻʱͲʰˡ
Լĸп֣֮  ΪϾǷ˴ʱǷũ񹤹ʣû˻㽲ġ
ԣݾԼҿûʲôϣˣȻĻҸַ˵һ£Լ˵Ҳһֽѡ
ַһ֮ȴԼѾϲŮˡ
Щʱ̫һ磬Լ޷赲
ԽǲᣬԽԥ  ھʹһ״̬׵ĵȴóΪ׽һ  Ϊ˵ǼǷũ񹤹ʵĻһʱỹĲĸַƷֿ
ݣʲô˼ַƿϵֲǮҿϵˡֻҪ϶ˣôҶһġ
ַƿݣʵһϲΪ֪Ƕ
ҲóݿԼϽкĲ֮⣬һһӦͦϲԼϽġ
Сƣлл㣡ݿַƺһϣصĶһ£һŮҲΪҡ
Ҳÿˣַҡҡͷݵ϶ˣǾˣ
˵Ͻ㣬ô϶ˣ׿ַҲЦŵ
СӣרǹϽЦİɣȻˣҲҪˣôŹԺҲͲ⣿
ַƿЦӣʵҲ֪ӦҲǾݲˡ
һ˵ģʵǺ׸ܵģ
ղһ¶ַܹеĸܵȻַܹܵôһԵȻҲܹܵõġ
׶ҲǱȽϵ⣬⿼ǹˡ
ֻҪǹǷʣֻҪǲûеµߺԭˣôݱǾûʲôġ
ллСƣǵĺˣ
ݿҲһл˵ʵ仰˼ѾǺˣǾ׺ַưﲻʲôæ
㣬ɲҲæδҡЦŵ
ûûûû˼С˵˵Сͬ۴ѧĸ߲ԺдϢˣôܡ
ݿ̰ڰֻ֣ʵ̫ˡ
ַƿݵݣСͦǮģȻѧҲǿ˹˾ġʵҾĹ˾š
˾ģС˲ðôʱ򣬿ɻɵѧϰء
һˣû뵽׸ոϴѧȻʹҵˡ
磬Ƿũ񹤶ٵĹʣ׿ʵ
ٰʮ򣡣̾һ
ЦŵɣǮȰϣȵʱǮڲϾˡ
ʲôҵϣ⡭ôҪǮء
һû뵽׵ҾȻôĸߣ㶼ܹó
ԭΪַƼҵһأΪоַͦԼģƽʱҲǳһЩСʲôģԼǮ
ΪԼĵܵһιĻַҲԼѡߵһЩĲ
ܻܵЩͷİ  磬һ˾ͲҪ˵һˡɣҪȻھȥǹ˾׿ʵ
⡭û뵽Чôĸߣеǵ˵ɡںܶ˶ڹ˾ǱأҪǹȥĻǡǻΣյġ
ǺǣǿȥǮģֻúõĹꡭЦŵ




938¿쵽
 

  û뵽ԼոʶŮѣ˼ܻܵϴѧȻͿʼ׬Ǯˡ
һܹóôǮԼҵȼü֮
˵ʵԼǺԼȻôĺá
ļҪǮȻЩ֣ջͬˡ
˾¥£  ʮ¥¾ۼһǰײдŻѪǮʲôġ
ʵϣ⻹м͹ˣ׬һǮȴһֶûõ˭ܲʵ
ܣ㣬Ҳǰɣ⻹м춼ˣһǮòô죿
ǰܣ֪ܺãҲΪþŲǰɣ
ǼҺҪѧˣǷծûлء
ҪǲǮĻǿɾҪиȥְ
µȺ鼤ܣĳվȺһһŮȥļ١
еķ˴죬ҲݵĸףվԱߵŮݵĸ׺ӱ
λֵǣһεǮһ취ǴģĿǰǵĹ̿ûһʱ䡭
쿴ȥȦڣһĸо
Щ춼ȥ꽨ȥҪǮֻ꽨Ķ³ѹҲڹ˾
־
Ҳ˵ǮͲˣֻ˵һЩУĿǰ˾״
ĿѾǲԶˣǾŲ
һ⣬ʱҪлᷭĻ¾Ͳˡ
˵ʽ⡣
еĴԽԽ࣬ʱһʽܹҪⱾǮҲѾˡ
֪꽨ĲǮš
ھҪǮһЩȥЭ˼ҸĴ𸴼оġ
꽨QбǱȽʵģҲ֪Ϊʲôǻô  ܣһ˵ޣҪǲɶĻǿɾȥиˣ
һͷĹѿ죬ҲЦһ
ֵǣǿǧȥְһɾ˰
ߣ겻ʲôϵֻ֪ǵǮûҪһСȥˡǳ쿪źʳģ𣿡
һ˳ȻĶ棬ŸԵ뷨
һԵĺӱҪȻǻȰǵķӺͳѺ˰ɣܹһЩǮȸһЩǮɣ
⻰˵ǷǵǮǵأ˼
̾һУλٸһʱ䣬ھȥѺǼҵĳӺͷҲܹѺȻܹȫңҲܹȸҰˣ
УһǮͱˡ
˸оЩʱһվ˳ȥЩݣȴЩƮ  ֣־ƽʱҲȻ˵ȷһ룬ҿУ
һͱȽϴһЩ߿˳Ȼվߵġ
ͷ߼ʵװʲôˣҿĺôˣǲ˽Ӧʲôˣһ꣬ƾʲôһ밡˵Բԣ
֣־мĿ˿Ǹͷг䡣
ԶԶԣҪôȫóʲô̿Ƿ˭֪ǲô°ҿҪǮ·ˣ
һ֣־ĻҲǸ
֣־˿ЦһܣҪһ˵õ޾ǽ죡
ۿ֣־֣־ƽʱҲʲô˼
ЩССݾͽвˣֲСһǻüһӲɣЩǵĹǮܹʮˣһף
֣־˵ֱǲκε·  Щµ˵㡭㡭
ֵǣҸǣǰصȥҹ˵Ǹ꽨˼˵Ǯ͸ˡ
֣־Ļһը˹֮ǰ˶Ϊпԣû뵽龹Ȼġ
Щǵ˼ǵģһ֮̾ըˡ
֣־һɿ𣬺ܿԭѾɶһεı
֣־Ŀ˿죬ʵȥ˻꽨ǻ꽨ҵ
꽨һζȫĴѹԼ֪⻪꽨ʵͿĿڱ
ҪͼչΪǻ꽨ķֹ˾
һصñع·̣εİˣƵͶ·
ɫɷףоԼѾЩ֧ŲȥˣһźӱҲۿȻ֪ԼϹ˶ʹࡣ
֡
һ˵ıһŵɫˡ




939½ŽɵҸ
 

˾ǰĿյ֮ϣ
ͺӱԼӵ֮ɫˢһ¾ͱˣ
ݣôˣ㲻Ҫ𣿡ļ֮£˵ҲЩ״ˡ
ԼĶԼⱲĽƷѧŶΪ˷ǳĵ͵
һεԼЩԼĶӣֻѾ벻ôˡ
ݿͺӱ裬Ҹһ£Ҹ˵ַƣλַƵĵܵף
ݣʱҪʲôӱԼĶӣһЩԼĶӲ̫ˡ
ʱȻԼŮˣҪʲô
ݣСܲܵȹһ˵ڸһȥ
ܣСܻȥʲôҪǲǮĻҿҾͶȥˣȥҲ꣡
֣־Цһһ˿ı䡣
һвδӹ׵۾˵ЩũӦǷǳĵصġ
ȴһһʲôµĸо
֮ǰȻ˵꽨ѾǮˣ׼ȷ˿϶˵ѡ
ȷʵ֣־ʵѾ˫ݵĹˣǴӻ꽨õġ
һιҪĿľҪĶһԼߵĹǣȥиڡ
Ϊ֮ǰӦ˽ޣ֣־һ̵ֱ죬ټ˴󲿷ֵĹѹˡ
꽨ľһ飬Źȥиһ־ˡ
ֻҪиĻͲԶˣ  꽨ôһ˾ȻСӣҲѹԼҲ벻ˡ
ҵڳ˿ڱ֮⣬Ļĺһ㣡  꽨صľĿڱΪǺڰͨԣҪһعɵӹ˾ԼǼûеĿڱ
֣־㡭ң
׿˿Цŵ壬һǱ꽨ˣʱĶıûаʲôġҹӦôӻ꽨ǱõٵĺôˣҲô
Ϲ˵ǲǮ
֣־һץסףʱΪԼǹŵĲ´Ьġ
ôĹأһҪǶ﹤ѿ϶Ǹһġ
ʱҪܹ˴Ļ»꽨ӵ⡣
֮ǰ꽨Ҳ˵ˣҪܹʲô𻯳Ļܻнء
ֻ֣־Щ޶ۣһӲ֪ʲôطֻ֣ܹȥи
վ֮Լ֣־ҵһҲĺûᡣ
һ֣־Ҫ֣б̾һ군ˣ
׿֣־΢΢һЦǺǣ˵˼ˣȰ㻹ǷֵĻ ҪȻ϶ᵹùģ
ŻҰ
֣־۾ףǱ׵סˣϾͦСġ
һԼ·Ȼ΢΢һЦλǣܴƱ֮ǰǮһᵽλġҵʱΪֲλЩн࣬Ҳÿ˶෢Ԫôһȥ꣡
žž  һҵһ仰׵Ťת档
֣־һҲɵˣôأ෢ûмϰ尡  ˾Ȼ˵֮ǰλӲܰ  Сӣ˵ͷ׼ʵǺܶ˵˵һģ˱Ͼܡ
ʵһεͶ·ˣһӿڱΪһβһͰȫٵˡ
ĿɿڴĿףʿˮԼĶӵݣ⡭λȥѧһ㡭
״Σ
֮ǰԼĶ˵ģַƼһͨļͥҲһҹ˾ҵģȥǳͨ
ڣַƵĵܵףֱе
⹤ܹˣѾǰӷˣַƵλܾܵȻ˵ÿ˶෢򣿺üʮذ
෢һֵóȥһʮҰ  
ֻ˵ַ̫ܵˣ  ʼ֣֮ǰ˵һ飬ҡҲû뵽˼ϴѧͿ˾ˣַܵͦǮģһ˼ҪǶȹѹصأ
ʼղһУڸţ
ΪĵһӡַƼǸͨ˼ҵŮû뵽Ȼһλܵܡ
ļٵİôôǮ㲻˵СǸͨͥ𣿡ʵ
ַ֣˵һҹ˾򹤣ԭҹ˾ܵܵġӦáӦİɡ
˵ʵݵڻǽŽɣ˼׺ַôţҲЩȾˡ
ײͨ˻ƿĵ绰ƿе˵ĹϵӦǱȽϲġ
ƿæũе˴һǧֽ
ƿİЧʻ൱ĸߵģϾǻƹĶӣеȻѡˡ
һСʱ֮һ˳˾濪˽
˵ĿⶼѾǾۼ˳棬ԭЩ֮ԱǵһЩˣƺʼһˡ




940ÿ˶෢
 

һ£
˳űˣһӴ˳ܿһԱ˵ĸǰ  λ
ũб־ĹԱһʵ
Ҿǣ׿˿ǸԱֵ
ǸԱЦŵãҽ쿡׻ũQ֧еģгҴһǧֽ˵ҪȡǮ
мã׳
쿡ͷҲЩԾΪʵ̫ˡ
ֻҲ֪ͷǮ̫̫ˣҪǮǮҵ˶ͦġ
ҲⷽĴ֧ȡҵ񣬲һ㶼ǽڴǧϵûҵ
г֮ǰصؽһ쿡˵Ҫȷһ˵ݣϾгҲûе  ȻˣҪĻˢȻܹǮˡ
ƿȻߣһҪǳĻǵùĿɾͲһ˵ˡ
Сʻ괬  гҲСһЩǺõģֻҪǮˣһж˵
POSֱתˣ쿡Цʵ
ڱҪɽףĻôֽţ쿡ԼҲǱȽϵĻҵġ
һҪǳ飬Լǰ;ɾûˡ
΢΢һЦֱˢת˰ɡ
쿡ù׵ĿҲ̿ʼԼʵһ㶼ˢϺǲŻȥǮ
Ϊƿԭˣ  ƿҲʲô˶ôģ֪ǮǳǮ
ԼȻװô飬ҪԼ첻õĻǷǳĶ
쿡óרõĴPOSܿһϵеתѾɡ
װȷϼһǧתѾɹ  쿡ĽݸȻպĿQ֧VIP񲿵ģҵƬԺκεҪʱǴ绰

˿̵쿡Ѿһ˿ԥһأ
ǳVIPͻ
ǮһʶƿƴӣɲǵǮܹİ
һ࣡  ƱݴʱݼͬʱһǰѹʱǶɹˣ
һԵַƿԼĵܵܰݸӣҲЦϾһ˳ϢĵܵܣҲйⰡ
쿡ԭ׼һЩģǱ׸ܾˡ
һǧֽѾǴˣôѻɽֽЩԭѾҪǮĹǶ˷
ֽĳҪһĴĶ࣡
ͷôǮŴҵֵǣܶ˳ŵԺҲø֣־ڻʲô˵ģ
ҡ
֣־ɫҰףûɻ꽨һʹ
Ϊ꽨Ѿ˵ˣҪ겻ĻһǮҲҪõ
һѹʸˣЩ˾Բˡ
ڲôҲȥĶˣΪ˼ҪõǮˡ
ЩѾǺȻԶ֣־
׿֣־˵ǮãǮʱáΪһѾ꽨˴ͨҪȷϡ
㡭ƾʲôǮǣſڴƻƣҿҶǮĵף
֣־ʱĻԵôĲ԰
һԵĻͷ֣־ٺһЦ֣־ҸоûаšܶǮˣһҪ෢Ǯ㾹ȻǲǮĺڣ
ǣҡ֣־һЩ
ײ֣־ ΢΢һЦܣǵĲʼǮɣÿ˶Ҹ˸ҵһ⡭
֡⡭ĳһӲҲ֪Ӧ˵ʲôл׵Ļˡ
Цŵ͸˵ˣһ˲˵һȻҽѾ϶磬ԺǾһˣּĻͲҪ˵ˡڻ꽨飬·ҲѾ˽ˡ
·صش˸绰صȨ֮Ҳ쳣ŭ
Ҫ֪׿ǱصĲүҸصķչʵķԾ
ϼţڿǷȫĻױƷܲڱѲɲ;Ϊ׿һ
˵ʵǨֻʱ⣬ѹҲ뿪ء
û뵽⻪꽨˱ع·ı֮󣬾Ȼ顣
Ȼ׵ģһǧ˼˵˼бҪ洵ţ
˰Ʊ˵һҪϳͻ꽨
͸һϢصϼܲ꽨а֮һ
꽨˿Ҳ֪һǲҲðѲƤˣ
֣־Ǳߴŵ绰ȻźԶȴһ˵ʲô
׵Աߣ̾һ⻪꽨ڰͨԣʵǿ۶ҿҲֻܴ˾ˡ
վǱţ˷ܵǮÿõǮ֮ǵϹлʵΪʵһˡ
һСʱʱ䣬ǸõǮ֣־֮⣬ڼÿ˵϶˸˷ܵĹâ
ڴʱ  ɫĽγʻӳλӣɫͻ䡣
˲Ǳˣǻ꽨ꡣ
ԭڼĺϢȴ֣־һܴͨĵ绰
ԭΪ޷ȻҲû뵽ȻôãȻóһǧɹѹء
һҪ˭Ҹ꽨Ÿɣҵ˭֪һǻ꽨Ĺأ




941ŵĺ
 

꣬꽨Ķ³
ҲǿԼֶңԼһͰʱҲôĹʡ
ձЩ˵ֶһҪĶĶࡣ
꽨ɲǸ㹤̽ģǻ¢QоϵĹû꽨ҵڵλǳĸߡ
ǲһЩ򵥵췿ӣǿʼн޽·ŵȺܶĴ͹̡
ΪԽǴ͵Ḷ́Խߡ
ǻ꽨ѾЩŭԹˣֶͨƣǷǳţˡ
һĻˣһҪĿľҪ¡
ΪģΪ൱õĿڱ
ֻû뵽Լ޷ļƻ⣬Ȼ˸̫ͷ϶  ԭſϷһӳΪ˱ŭѣֱӴ˳嵽ߡ
˿ĵҲûĶһ£  Ͼ˵ԼǲĴڣǵĻҲͲֽˡ

쿴ɫ൱ѿڿ֣־϶Ǳ꽨ˡ
˭õǮЩ˵Ĺʣ
ѹҲ쿴һۣԼĶ֡
ھҪ˭ôĵӸҸԼȥ
飬ûйϵɣ˵ˣǻ꽨Ƿǹ̿ôʱ䣬һҲûУܹʲô˼
ȻЩ꣬ôأ
Ӽ˻ҧأ
οǰһǼҵأ  꿴˿˭ϵǮöҪҪҽ̽ôˣ
һ£
߰˸׳ѾΧ⻪꽨Ǵһڱģһֱǳĺᣡ
ǵʵǿᣬһҵҲҸǶŸɣҪǵǲҵĻ͸һˡ
Ȼӵ棬֮ǰѾ˽ı
˵ϾûбĴڣȻʶһЩԱʲôģҲҵϵѣֵһᣡ  ˼ڹؼʱôðŵǻ꽨Σأ
㡭ʲô
һԼĸױΧˣȻҲܳ˼װɣ  ΪһˣΪһӣȻҲͦˡ
ӴǣϵСĶ˰ͦǿ󰡣Цһ
ַһԼѱҲΧˣŭһǷǮˣô˰бһԣ
С˭˵죬ǼûҸСŮӳҶҿûвŮ˵ϰߣ
쳤Хһ˿ŻЩ
򰡣򣡣
ַҲǸƢܵΪһǲŮ˵ģȻһɷġ
׾ôԹţҪ˭Ҷһë  Сƣÿ
һַƳǰȥܵҲǻַơ
꿴ЦһҸǰŮҴ򣡣
׳һĻҲ¶һ˿ЦݺַƵķͳ˹ȥ  һҪԼĶӺδϱŭһ꣬Ҹƴˡ

껹׼ߺʱԼ˫ѾˣӿԼ·֣˸оˣ  һ̶ͣ˽Ųԭ׼ֵЩתͷһԼϰ徹ȻѾǱ˸סˡ
ϰ塭
ֱ˻ǳĸǰ˹ȥƺܹǧС
˺󣡣׿Ǽ΢΢һЦ
㡭㡭ȿȿȡ
оԼ첻ܹˣղһֱûôСӣû뵽ȴСӸס˲ӡ
ղžҪҽҽģ׿΢΢һЦ
أ
ֱӽˤ˵ϣһֱӲһϣûʲôͬġ
ʵϣǷũ񹤹ʵĸԴ˵ϣѾɥʧԼĵߺ˸׶óжٵ˱۸
ǧ̣ҲѲˣοЩͨأ  㡭С֪˭𣿡Ȼ˲ţڴַʩλãȻ䱻ġ
𣿡
׿꣬ƺǿһһ㣡  Ľһεȥ˿̵ѾѪգȻ׸û顣
ŵĺ
һﾹȻҵԼҪԼϽ㣬Լĳˡ
ЩҪȥСʲôԼϰ顣
ԵݿͻȻ֣ŵڵЩõǮĹǣ˿ҲѾɵˣ  ˭Ҳ֪⵽Ƿʲô飡




942·в
 

ſڣ
һɫܳͣſڣвʱӵ˻ƿٵĵ绰
˱ϵͲټϻƿ飬вô£
вָʵʱȻǷǳˡ
вɲɵӣ˼ָʲôͷ˵Ҳ֪ˡ
֮ǰʱʡλӸ°ɶǰָϡ
Ϊ÷воָţǣȫ׸֮ӻ˼ǿҲǹԹԵĺһָġ
ڵϼţٲȻѾΪQеĵһˡ
һнȥµʱ䰡˼ָڵǲҲ֪жˡ
вˣ
ԭǿѹϵһǾòס
ƿͨ绰֮󣬷вߴһ  ԷвQеĵλԹʲô鶼ܹˡ
ֻյߵʱȴкܶΧǱߣҲ³ô£
Ⱥ֮Уһ˲Ż꽨ͷʱסˣ
Ĳָ  вôţҪô£
ϱѾŤļһﾹȻ˵Ĳ֪ߵغ񣬸Լ
֮һıŭ˸ˣûκεİ취  Ū
ƺþԼź  Ǽ˺ܿĳ׵ķΧ˹ǻЩСϾϰ˼ҵϣ  С֣㡭㲻Ҫ嶯ǻ꽨ܡ
쿴ѾЩ޷ʰˣҲŵøϽ׵
ԼδϱĵܵܣǸǰԼɹѹصˣɲ뿴Сӳ飡  ꣬һܹ
أ
һ׼ײ׵ˣѾǱһ߿ʹĵ˵ϣ
ʣµЩˣһѾʼˣҲ׼ƷСӣ
ס֣
ʱ򣬷вȺ֮ŭһҲǴһ˿ı䣡  ʵ֮ǰҲ˷вСӵˣҲ֪СӵϷĻǹæģ  һж˵νһԽˡ
ŷвһŭЩԭ׼׵ǰҲֱסˡ
ӡ
˿̿вǼһ㣬вQܵĹӸ֮һ
׻ɿ꣬ЦһƺԺúõˡ
ָ硭
вҲЦϴһ˿֮ɫ  ׿ŷв΢΢һЦþò١
ֶɱңʲôٲٵģ˰ֱӺҷӾͳɡв̬ǾԵĹ
ЦŵУӣͲˣһҪҽδ򡭡
ɶ⣿ҪָĽ򣿡вɫһ䣬дһ˿ͬʲô·Ҳôҷɣ

ԭΪⷽвżȻԼԭⷽвܹԼһ£  ɵв˶ǰ˾Ȼô𾴣һӻˣ  Ϊ֪вƿĲɼвԻƿҲô𾴣
ڿԼߵˣ  һ˼ˣһвӣ֪½Ҫùˣ  ֻ֪˵ʲôͷôҵĹӾȻҪ˵أ  ָ磬˵ôɡв֪꣬һﲻҲðһƤˣ  ΢΢ֵ˵ǷҽڵĹ̿ûл
ڣǧ򡭡
һڣ˶סˣʲôʱǧˣ  ڣ
ҲסˣַƵĵܵҲ̫һɣ
Ҳʶвģû뵽вȺŹӣȻַƵĵܵ˵磡
һԵݵҲЩͷһĿף
꣬ǸҪҪǮҪɡвҲøСӼƽˡ
һ˷ӣ꽨ǷǮҪˣɣ
꿴˿вʵҲǸ̲ѣһﵽ˭ôţģ
вЦһָ꣬㻹
һЩظһ㣬ֻҪ뿪ߣһоͶˡ
ҺԼһ£ҪȻھͰװ׵ĸ˱˰ʲôأ
˵ﲻԺԼˣ  Ŷˣϼŵܲɰɣǻ꽨Ĺ̿ɡ
׼ϳ֮ʣ׵һûȥ
Ŀǰ꽨һֵ̣ʮڵϼܲ
ѾˣһҪ׬߰˸ڣ
㡭ǡ㶵Ŀס
вϹĹۣ꣡Ҷϸ˵㣬ϼŵ㶼ʶ㻹˼Qл죿




943¹
 

ϼܣ
ɫһ䣬ԭɵԵøĽ
ϼţĿǰΪQ߱־ԡΪһҵĴҵ޷ġ
ǻ꽨ϼܲĿǿǼʮڵĴĿ  Ŀʵԭǻ˼ĻŷزΪ̵ģҲǻŷزŪġ
һ㶼ѡ񵱵صҵΪصҵɱҪԼ̫̫ˡ
꽨гϵ൱ĻԾġ
˼ʡȥܶ飬ȴʲôǵĴڡ
Ҫ⻪꽨һ̿ǷζҪ֪ϼܲǰڵĵ൱Ĵġ
ֻһ㶼żΪϼǮǮ˷ָĵزˡ
˼һôһǮô  һԵϼĸֵʱɫ죬ȥһ˼ģ  ϼܲĽ裬QеȦ棬ǶǷһʱġ
ʵ֮ǰҲҪĿԼܷܲһȫн϶ǲܵģǵʾܹˣ
ӣҲ뿴һɣ΢΢ҡͷ˵
ܣܣҴˣ۲ʶ̩ɽ̸̸ڲ֪Ϊʲôղ׻úõ˵ˡ
һʼΪⲻʵһҲûأû뵽龹Ȼչˡ
΢΢ҡͷѾˣ㲻֪ϧѣ۸۸ϰˣ㾹ȻҪҶδ򣬻Ϲ˹ˡ
ܡݲҰףǸղűһٴҲûӡ
в꣬Ȱ㻹ǸϽߣһҪܷˣҲ߲ˡ
вԲΣΪԼȽϵţţţĹʡĺĹӣ
ǳ°׵ĸǰҲǻľˣ  겻һССĽ̶ѣùˣ  껹Ҫ˵ʲôǱвһۣһйƤһ㣡  ȥӣĹǱҵ
ǿˣԭ⻪꽨̿ŵǵĹ̿ûõ
ܣûû뵽Ȼϼŵܣʧʧ˿ҲǶ׹ûа취˼ϰʵ̫̫ˡ
¥˵ɣ壡΢΢һЦ  ˺ܿ³İ칫ң  壬⻪꽨ǮҪҲգҲôһ㣡ϼܲҿɾͽ˰
׿Цŵ
ܣǿЦɣ⡭ϼôḶ́ɸ㲻Ҳ֪ģǰڵĵǿɾһӴ֣
ʵҲ֪ǰ׼һˡ
Ϊ˼İѹ͸ԼҲȥӰ
һԵҲǺȻϼȻ֪ôҲû뵽ַƾȻϼܵĽ㡣
㲻ײˣ
ԱߣвЦŵ˵ܰǲٵӵİод£ϼĿеԸģ
⡭⵹ҲǰЦڻоЩء
׿Цŵ壬ҿҲô鷳ˣȱǮ͸˵ˣǰȰǮȫǡ
֡˵ʲôһӾˣʷǰİ  黹ûпʼأǮѾȫλˣ
һЩС̵ĻԣǼʮڵĴ󹤳̰  꽨Ѿ֮һǰ֮һʵѶȵ֮һ
ʣµ֮Ḷ́ǲ׬Ǯĵط
⻪꽨Ҫˣȴ׸ʸҪһµĻû˸ҶԻ꽨
ֻʲôˣֻҪһ仰º˸Ե
οҪܵĽδһ鴫ȥĻʱ˼ֻ˵һǻˡ
㣬ڲ߸ϼܲĽ𣿡׿˿ַơ
ַһСףҪǻٶڸģ
ҵи뷨׿ַֿ˿ЦŵȻҽҲ϶磬ҿ綨Ҳȴ˵Ը
ܿǼҹûⰡǲ֪С㡭켤˵ϼŵϹϵʲô
ַɫһСף軹ûмأ㡭
Цŵ⵹Ҳǣ壬ҵ˼أȻúһãԭϼһнҵҲǴʽһϵزš˾Ҵ͸ҽ
úúãҲˡݶ˼ҲǿԶһģֻҪǼҹݡǱ˵ţЦŵδĽҪǿϵĻҽǰҵƤɡ
ߣСʶ࡭ַɫͨ죬ֻܹ˵һ˵ˡ
һֱǱţ  ݲ֪ǣ켣Ѿǳ׵ĸıˣ  ԭҪϳԷģΪͬѧۻᣬǰͷвȫصˡ




944ͬѧ
 

QˮǹʴƵ꣡
ˮǹʾƵQеĶϲ࣬һǼĺƵꡣ
ȻǼˮǹʾƵ⵹ǷǳĺΪ۸ԱȽϵһЩҵҲǷǳĲ
Ժܶ˰ʡǮֱӵĵط˾ۻᡢ۲͵ѡ֮ء
ϺѧһۻӣϾǹ꣬ҴҶͬѧټͨѶǳķһȥۼ˾Ͷˡ
һγһһʮͬѧʮ֮࣡  ߵʱѾңǸŷвĳġ
³֮˵绰֮󣬺ִܿˮǹ˹  ƿŵʱ򣬷ѾжʮλͬѧǱߡ
ܶ˿׵ʱ򣬶
һױкףϽɡ
Ҳǳ˴кȻķ˹ȥ  ˵ʵЩͬѧһֻʶģҲһЩôʶˡ
˵15ҵ20ң͵ı仯Ƿǳġ
˵㻹ǵѧϰίԱ˰һŮЦŵ׿ǵһѧԼﰡִѧԣ㻹ǵҲ
׿˿ŮЦŵ۷Ҽǵã
ִѧԣǵòǵûʲôϵλ϶ǵá
۷һŲŲһΪˮŮѾǳ׵ĸǰ
ǸŮ׵ʱԵûЩߵĸо
Ѧ  ׵Ȼ֪Ů˵ʵڳеʱ˼š
Ҫǣ׵ҲдһѦֻǺûкˡ
ҶǷǳ¶һɬĻ䣬ƺҲһֱ׵С
ֻǽͻȻѦЩп˷ˡ
ѦǰĴŮôܲʶأ΢΢һЦ
׹һֵղѦţ˵û뵽λѧԣ˵ûҵ㣬˼ͦʧء
ѦҪ˰У
۷ѦЦŵǳеʱôһŵİɣ˵û°
Уֻǧǧʧܵ׷֮һ
׵ͦ󷽵ģһĲó˵Ͼ˭Ҫӡ
һһֵװףû뵽ôľګ㣬˷һ氡㾹ȻҲ׷Ѧ
ףڸɶ۷Цʵ
ʼѧ£Ǻǣڽѧ
ļٵİһΪȥǴѧأǰ㲻һֱ˵ҪǴѧǻΪϺѧҪһ״Ԫء
۷ЩŵĿ׵ϾǴѧȫһĴѧмѧУȫǿԵġ
ɸǴѧȻǲܱȵˡ
ЦŵѵÿλŮҲ˵˵ɣǶﰡ
΢΢һЦQп˸װ꣬ӡЩ˵кһ˿˴ѧɣ
ҡҲ׼ˣѦһᵽʱƺЩ˵
ţ೤㶼ˣļٵİ
һĿѦˣȻ˵ѦĴѧȽϵһ㣬ɺôҲǸıư
׿ѦʵúõĴѧΪʲô˰Ҳһ
ҡҾǲˣǮ
Ѧͱ˵񿴵ҲһƣҲ΢΢һ̾
ⶼʲôһѧھͲˣѧ˳ҹһ
۷Ѧһƣôô  Ҫʵʲôԭʱ򣬼Ѿ˹
Ϊ׵һƺǵһС׻֪˵ģֻ˲һ·˶ѡ
ܣ  һǵϺѧһԣһ˿ŶҪԶԶ֡
˵װСӻǻطһͳŮһͬ
ֵܴվ׵ĸǰȥǳĺᡣ
˵ܰһƻôľ˰һҲЦе˵
ԽԽƯܿٺһЦ
ܣڿţˣͬѧлõ˰ɣŷܵǷͣͬѧǲҪлһ·ܰ
лܰ
һ˶ΧҲ΢΢ЦЦ
ЦŵѽҲ׬˵СǮѣ̸ϸллģҶͬѧͲҪô˰ɣ
ܣͲҪǫˣ²ϰ߿ɲðһԵ۷Цŵ
ܿ˿˵Ҳ֪ѧϰûʲôãҪǾ͵Լɰ
˵꣬صس׿˿Ϊǰѧϰɼõˣ׺Ѧ
ֻܿѦռУ׵ɾͱ˲мˡ
ܣôһĥĥأͬѧۻᣬֲ԰ڵĵط
ʱһһװ˽ȥЩ糾͵ӡ
׶һƣСӲԼͬǲ
ʵղţû뵽ǲһֱų֡
Ҫ֪ϺѧҲ͸ͬĺһЩϾ˿űȽϵĽ




945ѵõĲ
 

˹
ܱΧţָоǷǳˬġ
ͷͬѧۻ᲻Ϊ԰һԼú𣿲Ǹߵǵ͵֮úõ˾Ϊ԰һԼ  ˶ѣ
Ȼ˵ҲһЩͬѧ棬ǻ϶ͨˡ
һЩϰ尡ٵģһЩˣǲμͬѧۻĿĶΪñ˿Լжá
ǰĻҪ׾ԼúõĻҲ˼
ڵѾǳˣϾĳʵ̫̫ˡ
ܵһȺͬѧǰ԰ڣȻǲôõġ
ǲһΪСӲأôŰҲˬǲǰܿ˿ǲЦһ
ܣȻͬѧۻᣬͲҪװǸϰӡǲ
˵вɣʲôʱװˣⲻͬѧ
ȻԸˣָоУǱ˵ǾͲЭˡ
һԵŷܺ͸ǲѽѽǶͬѧɶܰһײƵãû˼˰
ԶԶԣȻ˶ˣǾͿʼɣŸʲô
۷ҲǱߴԲǲҲһλϰ壬ܻЩԸ  ôˣ
ǲҲٴܣ˿Ѧʵ
ô˼ǲǲǣܵɫһ䣬˿ǲ
һֱϲѦһֱҲûϣͬѧۻˣܴ᣿  ǰĻܻûţϾѦǰŮ
ǰһɼѧѣȻϲ죬ǸʱҲ֪֮ġ
˵׻дĻǷʵЩԱ鶼д
ǹˣбҵͳȥϽŴһʼһ㣬ɺܿ˼ӣ
һӾͳΪһϰ壬ȥ꣬Ѿǧˡ
ͬѧУ̶̼Ҿ͹ǧģ֮⣬ֻиǲˡ
ֻǲȥԼϵĹ˾ӳиҵ
ǲҲǸ⾭̶ĹǼҵװι˾Ѿ˹ģˡ
ǲܲһûзܵƦԣǴһֳ֮ɫ
ȴĲԸѧǻͲôģƺҲӵġ
ǲ˿ܵ飬ҹһҲУ
ʲôֱӸ˵ܰһ̵˸ǲĸǰЩڵ˵
ǲЩĵĿ˿ܵ˵ǲë
Ѧ˿ǲֿ˿ܵ˺ˣǶҪ˰ͬѧۻᰡӦöֵģԺ˵Ҷȥɡ
УȻˣǾȳԷܳ
ǲҲǵͷǳ극˵ɣ
Цŵţǰ೤ֵ೤˵ˡ
ѦͷλͬѧǳбҵһεľۻᣬϣҶܹģֵģܹһ꣬ǶԵ֣Ҳ֪ЩͬѧúãЩͬѧĲ⣬˵ʵҾǻĲһԱǻҪǰ𣿿ԣ
Ѧһ˶ǹˣ
ܿ죬˾ͿʼԺȵΪǣǵսֻһǾƣڶŮͬѧ  ƯŮͬѧƺܺ͸ǲһӸԲˣʣµǰҲֻпʼƴˡ
ףһΪƵĿ˿ס
׿˿ܵҲôܺȵġ
˵ףѾѧϰɼûܸɵɶԺᣬɼöƨðƵ˵ۺôҲͬѧɣһ£
ǲ˿ܵܣѾԺòѧϰϣϣѧϰɼãΪԼɼãײɵ;˼ҳɼõûáҸ㣬Ǽʡ
Уǲķˣ˵㣬Ҳ˵˰ɣܿŸǲƵ˵
ҶͬѧԺҲҪĲһеġȻ˵ˣҲǸһһ
׿ŷܺ͸ǲ΢΢һЦ
ЩɵĿ˿׵ףСǰǲͬ׼ҵİɣҪһˣҲɣ
ǺǣֻϣⱭԺ󣬴ܹһЦ𡣡Цŵ
ûҾû⣡ǲνʼ磬һԵķҲǵҲûʲôԹСǼҡ
ǿֱӣǲû˵
΢΢һЦ˵Ҫ㻰һĥĥġ
ҷ˼׿ɱǺˣôҲǸܰɣ춷ȥɶ˼ѦҲЦŵ
ղǲ˵ˣզ°ҪҪæһ¶֮ҲǳѦ˹ʵ
ǲ˿ܵҪСӾ͸һϲǴ೤ҲõҰѻ˰ɣ
СӲҲϲ೤ܲм˵Ǳ˴˱˴ˣ
Ѧ˿ܵܣϹ˵ʲôأ˼Ҹǲˣƻ˼ҷ޸ذ
ȥСӶһΪɫһϲƺĵⶼʧˡ
ǲ˿ܵϢҶô㣬ġ




946Ѧļҳ
 

һû޵ͬѧۻᣡ  ϵһӾͱú˿̷ҲЩĿѦ  һԵ۷Цŵܣϲǰ೤ǰôû˵
һֱǰҲЩ˼˵
ѦŷܵܣһƾͲ֪ǰɣ
һЦŵղ˼ҷ㻰أ˵˵£զ°
ѦˣɫЩÿ
һᵽԼ飬·Ǳһһ㡣
ҲЦЦͬѧһʲôѾ˵˵£˶
ǲ֮ǰ˵˵飬ʲôҲ֪ٺ˵Ҫѧ׬ǮѰ˼ŻмͬѧۻˣҲûжʡ
ҡѦЩֹʵҳ󲻿ĵ˭أ
ܵǰ೤ҪǶѧˣ༶Ƕ˶ˣʲô֨С
ллллǡѦȦһ죬ǵֻĸ硭
Ѧֲֳȥ˰ɣ
ǲһѦĻһʱ뵽⣡
ģⶫɲԼҶ˸߰˰˰Ҳüͷ΢΢
Ѧһ̾ϢʼԼ飡  ʵԭǲҪЩģɿ˶ͬѧҲϣиܹæøע⡣
ϾԼ׸磬˭ĿԼĸأ
Ѧ֣Ѧ׸磡  бҵ֮ͳȥˣ˵¶ĳ
¶ĳǸõطÿ춼һҹ񻰣ǰͺ̵ĸš
Ѧһʼǰ˶˲ˮģǺҲȾ˶񫡣
һʼС飬ΪԼʵˣĺˡ
Ӯ䣡
ⱾǶĳһ·һʮСᣬôܻôǮأ
ѦһʼӮʮһ¸·ӣ
ɺþһӾ͵ȥʮ
ʮ˵಻࣬˵Ҳ٣һҪǸǲĻѦͱˡ
ûм֪ǲҲû˵ʲôϾѦĹϵǷǳ֣Ȼû鰮ȴһ㡣
ҲΪʲôղŷҳԴױǲЦһԭ
ǲ㹻İһӾó˼ʮȥ೤ծֵܴʵ
ѾС㡭ǲû˵
Щ˼ͷɤϰˣ೤ǲ绹ծ𣿲ȥ˰ɣ
Ѧ̾һʵҸҲһ㶼֪óˣҲ䶾ˡֻǾڰ֮ǰҸһѽ飬ȥ֮˼ƣֱ˸ȥ˶ĳ
ɽ׸ıưǲ̾һ
Ѧ΢΢ҡͷҸڶؼҵʱ˵˿ˡȶˣȻԼ֪±˸һӡ˵򣡡
ҵθԹԣ򣿡Ҳһ
ҸľǲӦ֪ģһƶˣƣѦʵǱ˸ˣչҲѵ⣬һˣҪΪԼΪ𣡡
Ҳ֪ҵҶˣǮҲ̫ãɣԼиʮǮһȼü֮ɡ
ǲѦΪˣȻǼҲܹõó
ǸǲҪˣ滹ͷӿţ裬Ҳܽ衣
˵ˣǲҲΪѦĸͰԼҸ˰ɣ  ʲôϵǵģԼѧ㻹ЩƵ˵
۷Ҳǵͷ˾ǻã򣬾õó˼׬Ǯ͸һҹˣҪҵĻҿ϶ˡһѾǹԵˡ
ҰҸһӣҸһҲǱ˸ˡ˵ʵȥĻҿ϶ܰġ
ѦһεĿ˵ϾԼ׸磬˵žͷŵ˵أ
ôģ򣬿µʱǮ֪ǵʲôطȥˣ೤ʮܹøľôˡܳ
Ѧ̾һͲǹˣǲǮҲҪġзܣллǡϾǵѪǮһεѾǸмˣǮ˭ҪĻھߣ
׿Ѧ͸һӵľ೤ôأ
ףĲùˣǳԷɣܹ͸λͬѧһķǳĿģ˵ҵôҶ𣿡
Ѧ͸һӱϢдһɾľ
ѦԸ˵ҲЩĬ  ԭúõͬѧۻᣬƺһӰѰ˼һв绰ܰͰһˣϾЩͬѧ
ͬѧۻʱ䲢ԭ㳪ҲΪѦ޼ˡ
ˮǹʴƵ̨  ܡǲѦ׼ȥ̨Ǳ߽ˣʱһȺҲŹˡ
ѦǸ˵ʱ˻ʧɫֱˡ
еĿ־壬Բװܹװĳġ




947ٱ
 

ˮǹʴƵ꣬ǰ̨
ܺ͸ǲŸǮΪ׵ĵڼ˺˵ơ
֮ĸʵЩʱŮ֮ӵѸ١
ǲͬŮ˵ֽƽϣܶʱǻģǳġ
ܺ͸ǲûע⵽Ѧı仯
ǲһαͣҪȻǿҰŸǲ
ܣҶֵܣ㸶ҸһҪȻһλøңһøΣ
ǲҲһ֮ˣǰĻҪǮǾ͸Ǯ£
ƺȥ֮ȻҲǼ
ǲ㶼˰೤һˣɶҲûڰ೤ҵǮҪ˵ô죿ˣһΰ೤ҳеȫܳеپͳе١ͬѧ׾һǾԵ֣Ǯ
˵Щ״Σ˼Ǻġ
ǲҪ˵˿һЩѾߵ˵ĸǰ
ݣĥĥĸʲô
Ǹһɷӣȥ൱㰡
ԭǻ⼸ȻĲƢȴûʲô̫á
ǰӣתͷ͸ҷŸɾ㡭
ǲԭҲҪŭɵ˵ʱҲɫһ䡣
٣ôⰡ
ǲŶ֮ˣҲֺǺǵЦΪǲˡ
˵Qܹǵ˿Ҳûжˡ
ˣQĹӸ֮һ
ǲȻ˲ôϤһȦ죬ȻҲչ档
ˣǿQĽ˾꽨ĸܾͬʱҲǻ꽨ϰĶӣ
ǲװ޵ģ꽨ģҲһڵˡ
˭˵һŰ衣
˵ɵϰߣһһ״̬Ͳһˡ
ǰһϲ緶֣񿴵ܾȻҶԼ
Ȼ˺ɫˣȻǲԼǹһСͦģҲˡ
ԲۣǲС˭ôţ
һ˴ƴ֣ǲߵ·߲һˣ˵ǮкܴһԭΪá
ǲǿԴĻġ
񿴵ˣǲҲǽп಻ԭĺƺһȫˡ
ͬѧߵĶˣʱ۷˹
ԭǴǵȷǽ˿ǲǴһȥš
Ͼ֮ǰͬѧ̫࣬кܶҲ治ǵſϤܲһھһۣ  ôҲû뵽˿ǱѾǳˡ
ܣ˵
ǲ˿ﻹҽô̬ࣿѾ˵һС
ƽʱĻܻܹһ㣬ɻͻһƺȵĻǲ١
һȾƣ˾˷ܣ  һ˷ܣʱɳ飬Լû  ûа취ǻѾγˡ
ƾʲô˵ǲҸ㣬СӾǵ̫Сͷϻ죬̫Сѳɴ°
ܵĹ滹ְǵģЩǲֿż˷֡
ϾһݸķʷҲЩ֣  ׽ݣʵҲһǳ顣
ˣܣֹûУǲ
˿ŷܺٺһЦСӣ㲻ʶүˣ
үôӰܺٺһЦ
ǲаԽп࣬Ķиʲô鰡оĲʰˡ
СӣҸô˵ǰɣ
һݸ߸ߵǰŷЦһ
ܿӵײһԣŪŲţ
ܡǲקŷܣȻ˵٣ֵܺˣһǸɣȽˡ
ȥġ
ֱȥ׼ǲһţһԵķѾǿ·
ֱȵ˵ˣȻ˦һţ
ܱǴܿˣѰ治Ķ֣ǿû˵ġ
أ
Ǹݸ߸ߵӱܺһ¸ƵˣվڷܶǸѾǱһŸ߷ڵأ
üǰһУҲν֮ǰ׼֣ܶҲûô˵
ٵ˻ǰԵĺܣ˼ҽ˿һ£ˣ˭˭ܵأ  ۷߶ˣҲǸϽվѦĸǰ
׵Щ֣Ѧôĳһ仰Ҳ˵أ
һЩ˿̵ĸǲɫɷףбһˣ
˫ð𣬿ɵԱ߲ԶЩŮ˵ʱ¶һ˿Цݡ
ԩҲͷ  û뵽ߣȻѦŮ˿ǴӦԼСİ




948˱ı
 

Ƶãԭûʲôˣɾһ֮󣬺ܶҲĿʼΧ
ôҲû뵽˸ҶִԼ⻹ͷһô۵ġ
˵ʵQ΢ͷĹӸ磬ĸʶ
ҲɵӣҪǲĴڣʶȤˡ
ǰСѹҲʶѦһģҲʲôʵˡ
˾ôŷܣЦһ㾹ȻҴң
ôˣBBһ䣬ŲҴ㿪ʼΪ˵
׿ŷҲ΢΢һЦܴӳеʱ⹷Ƣ
ھȻҲûиĵĵһﻹǳıƢ
ӸǲоͿóǰٵͷӦòǺܼ򵥵ġ
ĻǲҲˣҲɫ˵ѿ
ֻоֵǣ˿ѦʱȻЦˣѦ·𿴵˹һ㣬㤲ѣ
һԵĸǲŷܵܣ嶯㡭֪˭𣿡
˭˭һëǮĹϵҸǲҷܴһµˣ
Ƣһֽ͵ķ緶ֻֽĶܿ죡  ǲ̾һɣǻ꽨Ĺӣҿǲ𰡣
꽨ĸ꽨
ԭɱķɵ˵⻪꽨ĸֵʱҲǻһ飬ƺѾһˣ  꽨һеǸ˶˵ġ
Ȼܺ͸ǲһϾҲǰװҵˣϽģҲװһġ
꽨ǿQеͷƽ˾˵⻪꽨Ҳźıϵġ
ĸ꽨Ǹǲû˵
ô˵
ܵһӿˣ׵ˣ
ô˵˵˵ǲǲƵ˵ת˵٣ǲԣƾĴã
ǣڸװ˰ղŲͦţƵ˿ŸǲЦһ
ܵӿһĨǿ֮ɫɫ˿Ҳ֪˵ĻԼҲҪùˡ
ʵҲЩ£ôͬѧǰǺҲͦס
١
ǲһӲ֪˵ʲôˣֻܹܹ󷢴ȱķŹһˡ
һȥСӹ¸˵
˿һԵķܳҲǻðɣԼ쾹Ȼ˸ˣǵԼֵܵ汻˸ˡ
ҪǴȥĻԺQ鰡
ˣܶʱӿıʲôҪûˣҪһ
ܵӣĿθˣ  ١ǲҲ֪ܵƢҪǰСӸëĻܹʲô
㣬
˿ŷܲȻתȥѦ˵
һ˾ȻԼȥǱߣֱ˵ĸǰ٣֮ǰĲԣҪɱҪϤ㣡ٵ·ҲΪһŮ˰ɣ
֪Ӣ۾ôţϲʲôϵЩζĿ˿ܡ
ҳͬѧҲǵİ೤ӲͷƤ˿ҲǱһŻ
ĸʲôĻƴҲԲһóѵġ

˿ѦϳֳһĨͷɫ  ѦЩΡΡĿˣϲ˾֮ɫһԵ˵һ۸Ů˸ʲôûƷ
ǣһˣ۸һŮˣҲӶˣ
һԵ۷ҲΪߵ˵ʵҲóͷС
ѦǵĽã˵ʲôҲܹԼĽñ˸۸˰ɣ
ٺ٣㻹ͦ˴İڿҵŮˣһңүǸˣˬһѡ
˿Ѧ¶һ˿Цݡ
ǲû̺ŪһΪѦ
ǵԼķܾȻԼС˼ʱˡ
һ˱飬ĪڵŪҪĵõŮˣ
Ȼһ㣡  ھҪ˵棬ܱ׵ı  һּµıҲǷǳˬһֱֶΣ  㡭˵Ѧˢһ
ߣ˵ҰˣҸ㣬ҪǸŲַȥ
˵仰һ˶ȻˣֲѦҪҵİæҪԼȥԼĸ磡  ܵ˫߬¶óѾһߵıԵ
ҪһԵĸǲţСӶըˡ




949ٴα
 

Ѧ̲סˣ  ֹסʵ˭ϣԼԼͬѧǰһõأ
С  һȱߵ飬֪˿»ᱻ  ȻֵɣǱ˻Լ
ѡĬҲԸ˵Լѡ˵ʵǽǡ˵Ļ
׵˶֪Ѧ˽Σ
˵˵ʲô˵𣿡ܿѦŭһ
ѦŷܣܣͲҪˣǼҵ飡
ǷҸҹҲø㡭
ܵɫԸܵ裬ҲԸ⿴ԼİŮ˶ӡ
˵ʵһҪӵѦɿԼ˱һ˵ʱ׵̲סˡ
ΪһˣôܹԼȥ
죬꣡  ܱһԸֵˣǧȻһǷһ׷Σ
֮ǰҪóʮΪԼļˡ
ڲһˣ˵ѦҪȥ˵Сʱ׵ıˡ
ߣ򣿹ڿ²ֹˣ
ԽǿǱӣԽһֱĿУָоһˬ
ĸ粻ǷŹȥ£ʮҲ˰ɣЦһ
ʮȷǹˣ΢΢һЦ
٣ҶڽϻģΪĲһǮӦòǮȥɣǮʲôŮҲҲ֪Ѧû㣬Ǯ вУ
ܵһԵѦһĸжоԼķǳˡ
֪϶ûô򵥣ѹҲȱǮ
Ȼ
˿ŷ΢΢һЦʮҷѦԣղһţô㰡
٣ǶиۣҪȻһ٣ٽΣ
һҲǻȥˣҲҧҧ
˵ʵԸܹ˵Ļȫ벻顣
ûа취ȻѾ̶ˣҪһ  ˣ϶ǲģ
֪ԼһЩۣԲܹˡ
ԼQеĵϻˣˣԺҪ죬Ҳ첻ȥˡ
Ȼ˵Ļˬһ㣬ˣ
ǮᣬѾˣʧһЩۣԺûл׬
һ٣˼ңֻҪôˣ˺ܽģ򣡣óȻҴһˡ
˿ŷܣһóĻʱҲǹȥˡ
ѲΪһԼһţҪһŪɣ  ȻҲԲôģ  ʲô򣿻Ҫһ٣
ܸоǵôˣԼߴ磬ҪԼѿ
˵ʵڷ˵ѹɽ
۲һǧһ붼ǷӺͳӣⷿҪǼĻǿ϶ǿġ
ӾͲ̸ˣǸǿĸ
ҪڶʱóĻԺҲûʲôתʽˡ
οҪóǮҪһһ١
÷ܸоһıƣʲô취أȨ֮ҧҧУҴӦ㣡
٣СӸղŲͦţƵһΪǸʲôɫء
ǣҲΪתأһǸӣﰡ
ΪԼǮţĲˣһȣë
٣һҰСҲȣҽ컹Ͳȥˣ
ʱ˵ԱߣһȺѾԾԾԣǶҪһչԼ֡
ѦŷܣȥȥŷܵܣܣϽ߰ɣллҵĶ飬һ޸㣡
ģӵذ
˿ѦЩӣֱȥŷܾһţ  ֻһһεıˣ
Ϊһο϶ûٸҶԼˣôΧ۵ˣҲʱչһˡ
˵һɫͿյˣ
Ҫĸ˶ԴĻһҲ򲻹ɼܲסͷ󰡣һȻùûԸ򰡣  Ϊʲôôŵһԭ˭Ҷ
أ
һЦҪܳһʲôζʱһȭӰ
Ѿߵķһ㣬˳ȥ




950ףˣ
 


˶ĿǰһУһĺ
ʵǱ仯̫ˣ˵ݺܶ˶Ѿ֪ˣǿǻ꽨ܵĶӣ
һ֮󣬸ǲˣˣѦˣ
˵Ѿǳ׵Ϊ˵żˣֻû뵽ʱ˾Ȼֱˣ  ֮ǰܴĲͬһһﱻȫȫڱ֪ʲôݵ£  Ȼ˸̫ͷ϶ֱǲ˼鰡  ֻıˣѪˤڵϵģһ˵ûһǰġ
ɴܣС꣡  ֲһ˵ģҪΪԼùˣǲǵùˣ  ٣٣ôˣ
Աߵǰѿ˱һΧȥֵġ
ȴûһ˸ҶֵģΪ˶ƤӵĹ
ĺݽɫҲǺ±򰡣ǲԼͬѡȥοˡ
ûһ˸վ˵Ҫͷ˵ˣ
ǲͷܶסˣһԵ۷ѦҲǲԼͬĿף
̫ˣ
ףֻ֪ѧϰļһû뵽Ȼһ棿  ȻĴˣⶼʲôʲôǸоԼ˼άˡ
ԭѾˣ˶ôҪס
һΪѦҲΪԼԵʣ
Ͼ˻꽨ٵҵģԺQҲûа취ˡ
Ψһ취Ǿ˽ʵγʹСһأ
ֻûʵ˼ʲôˣ˼ұʲôϵ  һжǲԶ飬ܾɵҲ֪Լ˼Ұ  ף˰
ǲ׾ȻִˣɫǽŵĲˡ
Ҫ֪ղŷܵ飬һأܹǮٻصϣġ
ֶˣһζֿ군ˣ  ǲµˣʲôʵ̫ˣǲ𰡣  һϣҲԲôɵ۵Ŀŷܱ˸۸ɣ
ʵϵľ޴࣬øǲһľ  ׿Ÿǲ΢΢һЦһ̫һ㣬һ٣ܸоǷȱһʲô
װףûп㻹ͷƢǰҾ֪㰮ѧϰû뵽ѧȻ˶ˣ֪˭ٰ
ǲһɸֵӿףΪ׸Ͳ֪꽨һʲôͷ  һԵķܵףϽߣҿѦߣúչ
˵ܣСӹĴָڲӢ۵ʱǵͬѧҲҵͬѧǶҵͬѧ쿴Ǳ۸ˣôҲԹ۰ɣ
ֵܣף׵ĸ첲ԺֻҪҷܻţһӵֵܣ
ʲôʱˣ̵ֵֵܳܶģҸ㣬ͲڰܣǺ˷ܣ
ǲᶼˣͬѧۻμӵһĸо
ǲΪԼǰûпôô鶼ϵһأ  Ժܹкùӳ  ˵ˣʱԼҵװ깫˾һҲӲˡ
뵽ߣǲиоһľѹҲ֪Ӧô죡  ׿ŸǲӣЦЦ˵ǲҴֲģǱҶϻô˵ţʵ۲̫డ
ףѾǡǲһҲ֪˵ʲôˣ㾹Ȼ鿪Ц֪ʲô𣿵ʱôôĶ֪
İɣһһۣ
˵滰ҲˣԼ⻪꽨ҲǷˡ
ҲΪı˶ԷܵĿʵǰһֱΪǷǽࡣ
еǮˣϲ԰ڿѹԼӣҲһĲˬ
ֻû뵽ؼʱ̷ܾȻôĿװ  㻹ۣҿˣǷˡǲϴġ
һԵѦ׵ף㡭̫ɵˣ
ѦҲ֪ô˵ˣó˼ҵ˼ԼҪùˡ
УĵҲֻԼˣ  ׿ŸǲѦ΢΢һЦǵ˼ҪСӸŪˣ
ף㲻Q֪꽨ţưǲҲǳ־Լˣûа취ʵˣ
˼ҿ϶ҪСӸˣ׿Ÿǲ΢΢һЦ
ǲҲһƣʱһﾹȻЦó  ΪأϽܰɡǲ˿Ҳ˲ôˣǾͶˡ
һᣬҪ˻Ļ´Ҷܲˣ




951˵
 

ö˶˵һСӣǵù˰
ǰȻǸԣûʲôǵ𰡣
˭˼иأԺȲģ۸ˣ
СⱲˣҵˣȱ첲Ȱ
˵Ŀⶼ׵ϣ  ǿ˶΢΢ҡͷȻǶ̫ס
ЩѾʼ滮ô군ˣЩ˿ֵĲ´
ʱֻΪ췹ϵĻˡ
״˿̿ŷܺ͸ǲ˼ҶҪСӸŪˣһСһ˵ء
Բۡ
ǲо֮ǰ˵ĶǶţٰ뷨Ȼĺܣ  ף˵ɶ˵ѧϻ˰ɣ
һԵķܶƵĿףоЩʵǲ
֮ǰ׺ȾƵʱױ˺ܶ࣬ݡšѣ  ĸоǳĲڿ׸оһɵһ㣡  ʲô˻Ҫڹ׸
СΪʲôͲأزȻ̻һЩ  ѲСǲô  ôˣȻҶǱˣǵȴһٽʵڣҲΪǳɡ
Цеĳǰ˹ȥôˣ  ǲܣҲ˿ǲ˵۾гʺš
˭ҲûţΪǸо⻰˵ûëìѾɵˡ
ֻǷܺ͸ǲ֪ һ׶ˣеìܿ¶ת޵һ˵ˡ
㡭ʲô
ಽĳ˵ķ˹ǼʵΧ˵ļҲŵ
С̫ˣ֪ٵݻҶٶ֣  ֱĵ䷶  Ǹû뵽ǣСѾ⵽һĳ̶ȡ
ԼҪٱʱ򣬵һʱ侹ȻŻˣǹҪڴһ٣  ʲôƨ۰ôˣʵ˸оһﰡ
˲ǷӾɵӣ  ǰ˸׵һۣԽˣЩԽǲǡ
һҪǸӻɵӣİԼˣǵȥ˵ȥ
ǸˣҲΪ˻ڷɶģѲǻİȥɣ
˵ǰ֣´˿ѾǱ׸ĸɸɾˡ
˲֣ҲôˣҪ޶һĽѵ

׿ˣЩ˱϶򣬿ɵǿǽɱһĿʱˣ׵ĺˣ  ˾ôĿŸղŻһֵܵˣ˿Ѿɢˣ
㡭ǡ
ҧгݵĿȥղѾ˸Ӵ绰ˡ
ҪȻĻԼ˸ˣ¶Ҳˡ
һЩ뿪QУ㵽ȥأ  ˾ãԼҲҪŵԼ  ôˣǲǺһ٣׿΢΢һЦ
СӣȰ㻹ʶһ㣬ŲҷַӾܹŪأ
˵һĨɫǱˣҲǲġ
׿˹ЦֱӰ˸ȻĶӾһȭ  ໡
˵Ÿоһʹ࣡
û뵽СӻĸҶִԼʵǾ̫ˡ
ǲǰ̫ʴˣڶ˼ǲסˣ  飡
ȭȻСӺһˣּµʹ˸оҪʹȥˡ
ƺǲôһ˿˿ʹȫı鲼ȫ  ȥĿ޺ˮǹʾƵпֵ˶һֲĸо  ԭΪڿ˵ֶΣƺ֪ʲô£  ҲǺ²ҪİһֲҪģǱˣ  ȭסҵͬѧ۸ܹ۸ģ֪𣿡
׵Ÿоһɭ˵ҲΪ
ԭ˵ݻɵ׵ʱӲİߵĻ˻ȥ
ҡ֪ˡ
ˣ
׵ѹ֮£׵ˣ
ڵȴᣬȴԼĸ׵ĵҪ˸ۣصĴۣ  ֪ͺãҾϲ̬ȣ
ʵղҲǰСӴ绰꣬ȻҪ飬ǾͱҪã  ҪȻ겻֪ʱڱǣǿɾͲˡ
˵֮ǰ׾÷ܵƷһĻڷܺ͸ǲҲ࿴ˡ
ͬѧҪܰĻȻҲһѵģ
˿̣Լӱ֮Ҳǻ𼱻ǵĳˮǹʾƵķ򼲳۶




952Ҫк
 

һ죬ԭΪ϶ջķᡣ
Ҫ֪ũ񹤽޿ɾǽ죬Ϊ϶ǳŲס¡
ʱ֮ҿ϶͵ļ۸
ʱѰ˼ҲˣһϣҲ¡
һѾᳵ·ˣû뵽˲ӣ  û£ԼΪϼ̣ܲѾǷˡ
ϼŵĶ³  ԼҲû뵽ôᣬҲ֪ĸ˶ԿɾǼʯͷ
ϼҲһЩ˽ģϻױƷ֮۲쳣Ļ𱬣
ھ˵ֵˣʲôѾҪȥ˼ʲôˡ
Ҳ˵˼ȻѾԾӵȫ׸ȫ׸аȥˡ
˼ôţˣҪԼһ꽨ǼֱǷַӵ顣
Ҫǻ꽨Щ׬˲ٵǮһϼŵλ³ͻȻϮԼĻ꽨Ҫҷˡ
ڣʵǺڲ  ֪ĻȥʲôǸ㵽ҲǶ׬һǮ
Ѿʧȥ̫̫ˣ֪ԼҪ͵
ҪǱ˼ϼŵ˿˳ۣ˵QУ׻ƶû֮ˡ
һδƽȴ֮ԼĶӱ˸ˣ
ŭĵһƱ˾ֱӳˮǹʾƵķֱɱ˹ȥ  ҪйߣҪҪһĶв۵ȻҪŪˡ
˭ײԼǹأ  ˮǹʴƵ꣡  ô˿ڵϵ˳Ծ˿ͷ˵СһԵĿͷҲûнһĶ࣡  һֱĸоȻ
еϣԼϵܹĹ˵һĨ֮ɫѾʼһԼϵ˿޵ӣ  ׿ѦͷܵЦŵûһָоˬܳĸо
˵ף治
ǲ״ɱķӣҲһ̾ϢһôôĲأ  Ѳѧϰѧصˣ  ׵ǳľôܻأ
һԵķܵףлл㣡ô㡭
ǺǣҲҵĶ֣΢΢һЦƺǳĵ˵Ҳʵ  ôԼĶأ  ڽʱǸ˵ͷӣû뵽һˣ
ֻܹһ̫һ㣬˵Լˣ
͇Nɪɣףҿ㻹ǸϽܰɡǲ˿׼ٵ˵
һԵ˿ҲǵףϽܣˡѾˣҪǱ꽨˴ţʱҲѲƤ
׿ż˵ô죿ôûҿɲ
ⶼʲôʱˣ㻹ǣȵԩͷծǱߴ˵
ʱ˴кɣһʶһЩˣʵڲоͶ໨Ǯ£
ǲ˵ɣʵҲ֪ôף  ˵ʵղŷڲ֪´ˣ⻹е˵ͷ
֪ݵ£ָͷһ˼ҵ飿  꽨ȱǮ  QĿǰḶ́ϼܲɶ˼ġ
˼һῴԼôۣ¾ǰԼһǧȥ˼Ҳܿϵġ
ڸǲҲֻܹһһˣȻֵܲǮЩʱȴ˸жġ
ѣ˵֣
ԱߵЩˣֻܹ֮ΪѶѡ
ѻֵ ܻ߸ǲƽʱһ㶼ϵǹؼʱ˼ҾԲ߷֡
ΪԼ϶ѣ˼ҿ߲嵶
׿Ϊ˷ܴˣȻҲΪףοڷܿ˼ȫȫǲԼΣڰԼġ
ˣ
ſںһ½ʮˣɷΪ׵ǸȻꡣ
һԼĶӿѪڵϣһ  ԼΨһĶӣƽʱԼɶ᲻ôһµġ
û뵽쾹Ȼ˸ҶԼĶӣŭˣ׵ŭˣ
֣ҡҡұ˸ˣء
˲ĿˣղԼϵһ̣ʧɢһ㣡  ޣ˭㣿Ҫҵε
ܺ͸ǲɫɷףǿƣŵЩ֨ˡ
Ȼ˵һֱоԼͦţƵģƣŸоԼ֮ǰЩνţƣҲǸСӹҼһ㡣
࣡
ܺ͸ǲ˼ͬʱʿˮ
΢΢ĳǰ˹ȥǻԵְ




953µα
 

ˮǹʴƵǰ̨  һŭĿΧˣһԵķܵѾǿˣǸǲѾʼˡ
꣬Ժ󻹻кӹ
֪ʱѾûκεôˡ
Ķӱԣ˵ʲôҲܻŹȺ˵ġ
ûߣ⵹øǲû뵽
ôҲû뵽һʱ׾ȻĸҶִˣֶ˵ĺȫһƷѧŵĺ갡
ֻǲ˸оһսʱȴ׾Ȼ˵ˣ
ʲôԵ֣
Ѳ֮ǰʶˣܶ࿴ϷҲ̬  û뵽׿˾Ȼ˵̹ȻһЦеģ
һﲻɵӣǾţﰡ  ŭ죬ԭҪйкţɵһ̧ͷ׵ӵʱ˾ˡ
ҵθ찡
һıôҲû뵽СӸ겻ɢһĶԼ
ʱոҵù͸
û뵽ϾȻԼĶһβҵײǹˣ˭Լù
½QУù֮ǵĽԷԼˣ  ֡֡
˵ЩˣһԵ˿ԼϵӣһãȻ
˿Լϵ֣㡭ϽŪѲĿԼĶӱ˸۸ˣⶪĿɲҵĿ˼ҵ
˼ֱһûа
һﾹȻûпóԼϵ˿ҲѾһֱԾȻˡ
׿ЦŵҸղ˵ҪεѽһûгԹζôء
׵ĻһԵķܵ˶㶵ĿףһﾹȻô˵  Ҫ֪Qиô˵ˣָͷܹĹ
Сǲ֪ôдֻǸӸоЩֵǣƺ׺ǳԾ
ܿ죬˱۾  ֶô⣿ӣ˶һǸðƻ
֣ʲô
һԼϵĵӣһŭȻԼ˻ԼϵȻҲСӣ  һȾͺ˳СҲ룬ΪʲôԼϵ˻㣿
Ȼ˾ǱŭͷˣԼ̫Լˡ
ž
굱ϣֱӻָԼոձĶһĶ⣡
򰡣Χ˿Ŷоһġ
ĵʲô  ʵǷתǵ˼άѾǸϽˣӵġ
˽αˣһαһθо˼飡
СûжִԼϵȻҲִԼˣô˼
֣㡭꣬ϳֳһԹ֮ɫ  ž
һĶ⣬ȥǶŭˣֻ˸оһﶯķˣӦǳ׶ǳԼĶӣ  ί  һĪίӿ˵ͷоԼûбôǵô˵棬ԺԼQл  ˣ৵һ¾˳  ӸҴȥ
ǣϰ壡
ԭЩ£мʵ֮ǰʱѾǼˡ
ǵȻ֪һţԣ֪ԼϰǾԵﲻġ
ϰ嶯ִԼүȻǻ֮ƣ  ׿Цŵҷǰֲϡ
ֶˣϣͦϵģһλȥһúõĹܽȮӣֶ˲С˹
бȴҶκεĲ𾴣Ϊ֪һĲˣԼҲ͵ͷˣ  һҲϻ̫ˣݺѵĸ磬ϣһ˵
һһһհ죡ʱ˸̸ֶֻҪǾԲۣ
ڵѪϾ֮ǰϼ̸ܲոʧȥûлء
΢΢ͷҲϣһĻҾûôĺ˵ˡһ仰
ֶ˵ʿˮһ顣
׿ЦһвԱУ
˿ﻹ찡֪ǰһɽһ㣬ѹԼ
ûа취ûκεķ֮
QгôһţˣܹôأǺڵ׵Ǯ  ˼ôǮԼĸ˼ӲùĿ»Լ
ˣһŻ𲻵ûзй󻹼һѲ𣡣




954˵ɻ
 

Qк˹ֻ
ܵ˴˿̺ѾתսˮǹʾƵǱҲôû˼ˡ
һ˵ЩǸǲˣƺһһ㣬ֽٺĸоһ˷ܣ
꣬ǿ߾Ȼˣ˿ǵгʣ  һ·ϣ˶ǱߴߴĶһĳݡ
еʱ׾ѧԼǸʱɼõѧУҲǵλܸߵġ
ܶСﶼǰĳѧԣɵǳһЩ֮Ƕ׵ĸоҲ͵˺ܶܶ࣡  ֻû뵽ľ棬λѧԻܹHOLDס
ֱ·һ㣬˸ɽֹ  ףţư
ǲһǳ׵ķˣȻ֪׵Ǹʲôģ
һԵķҲףǲ飡ģǹ񫰡һΪ֮Ҿ͹ء
˭˵أղҿô˹ʱҵĶᵽɤˣ̫ˡ
һԼؿڣϻǴһ˿ŵɫ
൱ղһĻ˼һоָоֱ̫һЩ
Ѧ۷ףѦ֪Ӧ˵ʲôˡ
ԭѾԼδ׵ķˣƺµĿδϣû뵽Ȼǿȥƽף  һĺ棬һ﾿ʲôأ  ʵ꽨Ѧ֪ˣҲΪ֪ˣž꽨رĿ£  Ǳһվôˣ̫˲˼ˣ  ۷һڿˮף˵ʵ㵽ʲô˰ôôţQ˭֪꽨ϰбô󿴵èһأ
۷Ļʳ˵ɻ  ׿Цŵ֮ǰҸչ棬һЩҲģ
𴵣СӲصղǿ꺰ֶ˰Ҳˣ֮ǰ㲻˵ѧ𣿡
ǲǷӦȽݵһˣҲǳʵ
ͬɻҪǲ⿪Ļһֱܲѵġ
׿ŸǲЦŵѧͲܿС˾˰Ǻǣ۷ʲôģ
۷΢΢һЦôΰֶȱˣڹ˴򹤣ܸɶҪ֪ôңҾӦõʱúѧϰ
Ҳǵͷ۷Ⱥ˵һ˰ɣףҪܰͰһͬѧɡ
ⲻܰȻҪģҲ⣡ЦŵҲǻѹ
ܹһֵףҸоӦǸϰ尡ҪȻ겻ܶôģӿӦñʲôҪİɣ
ǲҲһǰĺʵڵﲻĻģףҴ˰ɣ
׿Ҳ΢΢ʼʵҲҪŸλģֻҾͬѧۻҪôءҪǽΪ飬һ治붯֡
˭˵أҪΪҲǸһ
Ҳǵͷͬ׵˵Ȼʱ֮ǰĳ嶯ѾǸоЩˡ
Ҫ׼ʱĳȵĻһһ¶õùˣ  ׿˿ܣֿ˿ѦЦŵʵҵǾ÷ͦġСӵʻд߰
ף㡭ֲǲ֪ҴСӡͷ
һԵѦɫһҲԸһпն࿴鰡
ãһ飬һ飡Щĵͷָֻܿ˱ɫ˵ô˵ҵͷˣףСӻתƻⰡ⹦ҵøѧѧ
ЦŵʲôתƻⰡ˵˺òã۷Ժ㵽ҹ˾ȥɣϼҲǱصģҵĹ˾ڱأ
ףлл㻹ͬѧɶİǱߺҲûʲôõλҹ˾ͦ͵ģҵܻܵҪѧ
۷ʵѹҲͦģһڹǧǮϼӰ๤ʲôҲиǧࡣ
ܹˣԼĵܻܵ飬оֻҪܹԼĵܸܵҲˡ
ԼĵܵܲϳУҪǮĵط̫ˣ
ҹ߷ǳ࣬ûʱȥչԼĸĸԼĵܵܡ
ܹűصĻҲʧΪһõѡ
ֻǱصĹʸQȵĻʵ̫̫ˡ
׿۷ЦŵǺǣǱʮһеġ
ʮ򣿡
۷һʮ˵ֱǸһ㡣
һԵǾȥɶ˾һʮǱ߻ҪҪ˰
ֻҪȥȻǰŵģ
׻ν˵һзǳļ򵥣ԼĳͬѧܰȻҲһġ
ȥɶ˾ܺ͸ǲɴ۾ʵ
΢΢һЦױƷģ£




955ͬѧõմ
 

ױƷģǡ
ΪŮˣһӦ˹QױƷţƵҲֻһˣϼţ  οڱأϼŲڱ  οһﻹ֣⼸һۺϣۼϼŵƺͺ֮ˣ  ֻоһĲ˼飬ϼʲô̫֪ˡ
Ϊ⻯ױƷѾǻȫôˣֱǻȫÿһ䰡
ֻҪǸŮˣ֪ϻױƷǸʲôͷ  ٽ֪  ڵϼھ׼ˣ
һԵķܺ͸ǲҲǾֵĿףΪǵһQľϼţ
ϼŰɣ666ܵ۾ɵţһ㣬Щ
һԵĸǲ׼ʵף㡭ǰҵ඼ܲˡ
ѦҲǾֵ˵ҪǵĻ˵ǵţУ˰
ǺǣţУѿ̸ϣϼŻҵģ
׵仰Ǿһը˵ĶߣȻҶǲ²⵽ˣɾǲ²⵽Σ  ˵ʱָоǴ˼Ѫһ˷ܣ
ֲ֮ǰ꿴׾󿴼èһ㣬֪֮İ
ϼŵǿǿĵģ⻪꽨ţƣ˼ϼŵĸǰϺʹһ
ҵͲһβϰҲΪʲôĴԼĶˣ
ǲ𣬻ǲĴڰ
ţƣֶ
ĴָѾȫû˸ղŵֿ־壬ȡ֮һ˷ܣ  ڰңһεͬѧۻû˼׵ĸǰװ棡
͸оһĺ°Ҫ˼׵ĸǰװǮ˵Ļܹ˼ôĸֻʽԼˡ
ǲ˷ܵ׵ĸ첲ףǩĶ֪ԭǵͬѧ֮оȻ
Ҳһ˵ֶⱣܹĿ湻õİ⿪ôһ˾ȻЩڵصͬѧ֪
ЦŵųҲûм죬ǲ֪ҲǺġ˵ˣһûǵϵʽ
۷ףг˼һֶĤݵĸоˣ  ϼţ붼ҵû뵽ȻԼͬѧġ
һ  ܺٺһЦֶԺǿɸ˰
ǺǣһæѣǲҼǵ֮ǰ˵Ǹװ޵ģ׿ŸǲЦʵ
ţǼҪԹװΪģһֱСС֣
ǲҲ˵ʲôˣ׸ǰļҵССְ  ССֶǿˣֱǲ  ЦŵϼŵܲѾ깤֮һˣװһֱûʵҶĵ绰ʱУ
ȥ̫˰
ǲһ飬ļֱϵ¸ڱһӰԼҵκİ
׿ŷܵСҲ˰ʱʲôģֻҪɶԸɣϱģӦҲдģ
ллֶллֶ
ܺ͸ǲȻ֪ԼĳͬѧԼһηƵĻᰡ  Ҫ֪ϼŵװ꣬׬һڶ飬֪жôĿɹˡ
˵ܣЩʲô׬ǮҲǷǳĿģ˻һˡ
뱲ӾڼҲǳԺȲˣ  ׿۷۷ѡԼѡ
ѡ񣿲ȥϰ𣿡۷Ѱ˼⡣
Ͼϰһʮ򣬶˵ǼֱǸǮûжˣûжĻʵҲڵԼȥܹʲôء
Цŵϼ϶Ǵרϵѧյʱ򱾿ƺоӶࡣǽȥҲ̫Ӧ
ףѧ;˵Ƶ˵
׿˵ҿû˼˵ʵֻƷѧġֻЩӦҸѡ񡭡
׵¡
һԵѦ˵Ȼ˵еۣȺ֣  ǼǵϼţҲЩȺģ  ׿ż˵һǹȥϰ࣬нʮɣڶǴϻױƷʵҽѡڶھԭҲ˵ӦҲ֪ɣ
ѡڶ
һ˵ȻװģϻױƷĴжôѣȻҲ֪ġ
ôĶ˭ûҪأ
һ˵õȮ죡
˵ˣҲɢĻЩ˵ֻһֳ  Щ˿˵ǽ̣һ֮֮
˿Ѿû˼ڳˣߴҹһӣҲǻȥˡ
ԼĶſ϶ǻزȥˣѰ˼ŷ¾Ϳ˸Ƶסˡ
ڶһ磬ڴ˿ֻ
ʾռ֣ܲҲЩƣиڶˣʱռܲ绰ʲôأ




956»ܲ
 

ռܲĵ绰
һĲ죬ǽ˵绰˵ռܲϼſνǾľ  ׿Լʱҽҩ˾ҪĶ࣡  Ϊ˸жʲô黳棬׶ռܲҲһֱ㺣
ֻʱδǶռܲһĹϵѣ
ֶռܲ
ռܲһ㣬һŸоһĿ  ΢΢һЦܲô绰ңǲҪǰݸ갡Ǻǣ
ϰĶ꣬Ҹꣿߺߡ
ռܲһ׺ԼܲʱҲһĿ
˵׵ĻΪԼŮ鷢ء
ܹڵһУռܲԼ˵ģ  ռܲףһֱĸоȻ֪׻Լ
Ҫ֪׵㣬˼ȫȫȢһŮˣôܻȢԼһŮŮأ
ԼЩ룬ЩʱԼȴƲסԼĸ飡
ռܲһȶһԼһҪ̸ġ
׶ŵ绰ͷռܲЦŵǵøݸ꣬ҪĻҲûôеĵ˦ƹ񰡡
֪ͺãֶ㻹顭ռܲЦŵ
һֶֶˣ֮仹ҪôֱӺ׾ͳˣ˵ɡ
ðɣ飬һϼŻܲµʱˣʽ˵⡭
ռܲ׳һθҪ㱨ļУһ  Ͼ˾ˣܶûʱȥæϼŵķֲҲԽԽˡ
ܲ  ׶֪ôطڣҲЩȻʧЦʵǹ˾ܲˣ
˵㻹ǲϰ尡ʱ˾ҸЦɡ
ռܲһ׵Ļ˸оһıһԼжٵĲҵ֪Ҳ̫һɣ
Щε˵ɶⲻǵʽô˰
ܲҪľǻĹǵĿҲΪܹԼɱϾȫܲĳɱǺܴġĿǰǳ˱ص֮ܲ⣬ǵĵڶܲɣ⻪ܲʵϾ൱ǵһֹ˾ҲǹǼµġ
ռܲ׽⼸ºٳڹ˾
ǳڹ˾Ҳ߹ѣľ߻ռܲڽС
Ȩĳ߶ȣЩ̫һЩ  Ҫ˾֮⣬еֻҪռܲܲȷϹ˾ˡ
ܲ˲Ƹģҿأһﲻǲܼôܵģ׳ʵ
ʵʧһЩǮ˵ûʲôȴǲˬƷⰡ  ռܲܲոճ֮Ǳߵھеһܣ˾һʱ䣬Ǽŵ϶ʶǵļƺЧ ҸгıܲëµëӦһǧңֻṩǵ˽ʮڣ
ʮڣ
׵üͷһ壬ȻȥԲһСĿ  ںܶ˵һˣ
ռܲһǵģһǱߵڲ񱨱жʲôֽš
ô죿׳ʵ
ʵǰõܼʱҲȥһģһ׶Ϊףʵæĳ鲻Ѱ˼ǲֶȥһ˰
ռܲЩ̽ԵѯʵײȥĻҲʲô
ֲǲ˽ˣһĿǹģ  ׵Уҳȥһ˰ɣ
İռܲЦʵ׾ȻҪȥҲʡ˺ܶࡣ
ΪܲǸѹҲûмףʵȥõģΪϾĴϰ壡
ϰҲǳǼȻôæĻҾȥһ˰ɣҪ˵Ǹʱھء
ҲЦЦմӾǻû뵽ֵȥһ˾ǣ  ռܲ˼˵Ҳ֪·ͻȻۺһµˮʧʮڰ䷢չȥĻҿֻңʱԻ˺ϼŵĸ
һˣʱҪʲôĻҲʲôӹġˣղŲ˵ҲҪȥģ
ϰ壬ȥռܲЦЦһҲҪȥǰģȻֶȥˣһһ
˵ܲҷ仵˰˵ҲԽԽϢ˰
׹һ֣ȴռܲԼ˵ĵڶ飬Ȼһռܲƺбġ




957´
 

Ĺб꿪ʼˡ
ռֱܲӿڵһγ֮⣬ϼҪ֮һӦþˡ
ϻױƷжôĻ𱬣ͷ򾭼ʱ
ЧӦǲСģܶ˶˵ϻױƷ
Ǻܶ˶ûмϻױƷĳʲôӣȻ˵ĻͻһƲЧˡ
׻ưյһּУ  ÿʱ򣬴ҾڼҹȻŴӱжôĿˣ
ҲΪˣÿ굽ʱ̣ǻһ쳣ұĹᣡ
ǰĹбķ̶ԶǰҪĶˡ
Ϊһȥо޴ЧҲֻдˣ
˵ϲϴʱýһѾܹһˡ
Ϊⴺıܶҵƴ  Ĺ澺ҲǷǳ˼ֻ۸񣬲ʹ˾֣  ֻҪԤϵĻһеĹ˾лġ
飬ʱ̲Żյף˵ֻǧľеһҵ  ÿ괺ı˽ֵģǵǸԻƽĹ棬ǻϱ
˵ûдƽ̨ٻҲˡ
Իƽǧ򣬿ɸǰٱǧ󰡣  ռܲĻЦŵ棿ֱӸ̸
ôװǵĹġ
ռܲľ̸ףҲ֪ЩⶫҪ˹ȥġ
µˣǼ۸ҲҺ  ˵ϼĿǰֱӶ۵ˣҲ׺ռܲˡ  Ҳһͷôô鷳ǿ˭ǮĶ𣿡
ǰǿ˭ǮĶ࣡㵽£˾ͻ˷ܣʱһǾܶ׬ǧأ
ռܲȻҲ֪ûоĻᣬЧǲһġ
ΪʲôܶĹֻҪȥ᣿ΪоŻһֵĸо
Ҫǲ²ĻǹעûˣҲ;òֵ۸ˡ
׵ͷ˼ȥ
˵ֶҪȥǣھȥ˰Ҳʡ˼׵һ£ҪȻûиµҲһ㰡
ռܲҲЩε˵ʵ鷳׵£ĲԸƸס
ҲǷȻȥ߸ϣεȴûж٣  ҲֻоȨҲͱԿ̬ȸ״һ绰  ʵûյĻôͳһʱһ˾ˡ
ʱ䣬ռܲҲһҪȻҲˣʱ´һ߼Ӱˡ
ʵռܲŮǿ˵Ӱ಻Ӱν
ɾЩⲻȥΪԼŮѾȱһЩذˣԼŮĻԼסڹ˾Ҳа
һҲţ⼸пȥһ˾ǰɣˣǱЩʱҲȥһɱۻˡ
ƸܲãȸܲƸλĻԺһܹɵĶˣ
ռܲЦŵϾڼųʱ̡
ȻͶ˶࣬øܲǼŵĸ߹ܣҪСĽ  һԼͳɣҽȥǰɡ
ֶ
ռܲЩƤĶ˵Щˡ
׹һֵСӣȻҿ˰ǲҪƨƨˣ
⻰ѿڶڵ绰棬ҲѪĿ˸Ц
ֻ֪ǣ绰ͷռܲ϶Ѫˡ
˵һ˲䣬оԼһ㣬³һ  ¼еǣû뵽ֶȻԼ˵ˡ
Сб
ռܲ仰ԵѣҲǸоԼĺɶѸٵӡ
֮ǰЦҲЩڣϾһռܲԼأ
û뵽ռܲĻӦȻ˵飡  һӶ֪ô˵źˣЩ֧֧˵ǡţһȥġ
˵꣬ռܲ˵ֱӾ͹˵绰  ʱ̵컵ĶԻ߹绰ˣһ֮С
˦˦ͷоԼŮ˵ڲϵ½Ƥǲ񰡣  ׿˿ʱ䣬ʰһ¶׼žǵķȥˣ
֮ǰҲô绰ԼĶ㣬ϾԼĶ㻹ԼϢء
ƵǣԼĶ˵ԼҪȥǣȻԼϽߣ  óȥˮ
׹绰֮ҲεЦЦ




958΢˽õֶ
 

ϼŻܲ
ʵ׶֪طģ
˹ؼ֮󣬵һųֵľϼŻܲƸϢ  ƸϢ滹й˾ĵַϵʽ  Ѱ˼ţԼҪôððʧʧĹȥܹʲô  ȥӦƸһºˣͷҲôѵġ
ֱӸԼһٵıҵ֤飬ҵ֤õּ򣬽ѧϵҵ
ʱ䣬ʱѾǱҵһˣ
ٵıҵ֤飬ҲЦЦȻͨǱߵĵ绰
ϼŵĻܲΪǸոճֻͦȱġ
ϼŴвˣֻҪҲ൱ĸߡ
ܲǰ̨  һѧ֤飬ɶʲôҲûУֱӾͳ˽ȥ
ãǡ
һǰ̨ŮòʵϼŵĻܲӦķӣ￴ȥЩߴϡ
ãӦƸɹϢԱλġ׿ǰ̨СҲЦŵ
ܲڡ
Ǹǰ̨С￴΢΢һЦϾ˼ӦƸģԺпܳΪԼͬҲ˵ء
ڣ׵ҲûʲôЦʵôôٰ
ǰ̨С￴ڷҲûʲô飬졣
Цŵϼŵı׼ܱȽϵĸһЩǻܲµʱ䣬һֱȽϵæԡ
æô
׵¶һ˿ײЦһæǮɣ  ĿУٿóһƽʱΪ˵ô  ԭǴӦƸ˵εģ  ֻ˺ڣҲֻܹСϴһȱˡ
Ǹǰ̨СЦŵȻæ˰ʵ̫ˣĿǰºͲ߶ܼŵġ
ºͲĲǲ񡭡׿СЦŵ
Ҳûа취ĿǰӦƸ˵ǲ٣ҵʵ̫һ㣡ǰ̨Сʼ
ô⵹Щ΢˽õĸоˡ
ܵˣͦõİذְ𣡣ÿ춼Ҫæµʮһأǰ̨СЩݵ˵
ذǺǣһµʱ䣬ôߣЩƵʵ
ǰ̨СЩ˵˵һӦƸģôⰡȻиж˰ǵϸˣϽʱ򣬿״̬ãصңȻһȥһ£Ĵ쵼һǰ̨Сﶼģ˵أ
Ҫǰô˵Ļܵһذְˡ
ʵҲЩˣˣһƷͱӦöûκεġ
ڵϣЩ˻ܹصסԼĵߵģ  Ϊʲô񱨱лôأʮڣǿɲһСĿ
׿һЩ˱ȽϵαƣǱװһʵϱеŮ潵Ҳ
ǰ̨Сݺݵĵͷ֪ˣΪҷǳء
˵ôģҵȲҪλܵʲôˡ
΢΢һЦͦڴνܼˡ
ֻ˵˵ĵһӡѾ൱ĲˣƾСô˵ʲôı䣡  ʮڣ  ʮڵܹ˵ĻҲԲԼǽǵ˸оġ
İɣӦƸӦƸģһҲǸˣԺ¸˵λԺ󣬿ܹԽĻҲͲˡ
ǰ̨СЦŵҶȻҲĵġ
׿λС֪ʲôʱܻ
ܵгǻǲ֮ǰӦûġ㻹ĻǾȥæûĻҽһܡ
ǰ̨СҲǷǳĿˣҪһ˵Ļһҵ棬϶ֺ֡
׼λС˵ʱ򣬴ͣһ񳵡
ǸСһˣ׵Ǿܡ
׻ͷȥһʮӴһ˿ȵϢ˽
ݡüĿ
ܿȥǷǳľооһȻӣҲ΢΢ü
ΪƺЩ밡  ܡλǰС￴ܵʱҲ΢΢һЦ
ܿλСС찡ûʲô˹ң
ܣҸҪ˵أλǽӦƸɹϢԱġѾһˣ
С쿴ǰλҲСʵ
ܿ˿׳УСҽ̸ɡ
ֻǿ˿λ΢΢ͷȻλľܽ˵֮С




959ӦƸߣ
 

㣡
ϼŻܾܲΪǼƸռֻܲǾ˻ǷǳģҲǺܹʾƸˡ
ȻռܲԼû뵽ƸµĹڲ״ϻ飡
ǳķŭΪϼŸ㿪нˮѾ㹻ˡ
ΪܲĸˣϼҲǺĵĿ˰һǧԪĳн
û뵽˾Ȼ㣬ȻҪռ˾ĲƲʵŭѣ  ռܲ绰飬ܹԼڲģֱӴˡ
ǻܲλǼŵĸ߹ܣǷǳصġ
ңҲֻǲ²⣬ʲô
ռܲҪ׹鵽ô£
İ칫ң񲢲䣡
˰칫֮ҲĵһˮݸȻʲô֣ʲôѧѧʲôרҵûй飿
ܣԭΪҪܶิӵĳ򣬲ȻˣǾȲ̸ƸƸˡ
ֱӳϰٶסˡ
С߯Ű
ȻֱԼλϣӦƸģоһȫҵİ
ʲô
㿴׵ӣɫһȻû뵽СӾȻΪ
ܣµĲ񱨱ô£
׵кâһҲЦһҪ۲һﵽǲ顣
û뵽һﾹȻʳĻɫһǼģ
㻹һЩ֪֮
׿Цһг˲м֮ɫӸղŵУóһĽš
Ϊʲôţ׿һ϶ʲô£Ÿë߰
û뵽ô죬ʵһֱȴܲõĵֻû뵽ȻֻһСɫǼĸŵģ
㿴̾һʵȻƺ׼
ô˵Ų˹˾Ǯˣһ
ͷǵģŲʮڣ
ΪʲôҪô׿һӣҲǷǳ֡
ԼĿԣԲ𣡡㿴ЩȻ˵ƺһ˿Ρ
׿ҪĲǵǸɣ
һ£ڼĸŵ𣿡㿴ʵ
׳ƺûκεĹϵɣһ飬ô£ֻҪʵʲôԭܹһԭ̰ҲáҲգ
׵൱ǿ׵ĸǰоһѹ
û뵽Լһ˵ĸǰȻо˵ѹ˿֮һ˿ɻ
˵˭ȥǼŵСආ
Ǽŵв͸߹϶ʶģȻ֮С
ǡ
һ뵽һԣ֮ǰڼŵʱ˵ŵĶ³ǳأȴǳᣬǸѧһ㣡  ǰƺȥѧһ㣬ʻ̬Ⱥɣһλ³Ӧó顣
һСආ鶼ûв֮ǰ͸  ֶ
㿴ףЩ̫ȷʵ֮е뷨һγɣƺͻ֮ȥ  ׿¶һ˿ײЦݵǣתĲ
ֶʿˮ˿ ƺһɿֻ֮У  ׿ҵƺûκεĹϵ첻ܲˣˣҪġοθ̫ˣһӾʮڡŸ°
΢΢ҡͷʲôԭֳ˶ܵ˵Ĵġ
ȴһָо˲һˣ  һָоΪ˵пֱĿ⣬Ϊӵġ
ףҲп۵ʱھҪ֤һԼǲǿˡ
ܹҪһģ׼ȻˣȻҪġ
ҶԲֶҶԲϼţֶɡ
ЩǷϵԭӦҪλãЩնȥƺЩѵĸо
΢΢ҡͷܣ˵ֻҪһɣ
Ҫ𣿡
㿴Щ΢΢ҡͷƺ˵벻˵Ѿûκε˼ˡ
׿˿˵ܶһұҪϼһĹɶһ𣿸οܲнģ̶µʱ㾹Ȼ
ֶ˵ʵѾûڼܲˣ
΢΢һ̾۾΢΢պϣƺȴڴǸ绰
һ㣬ҲظҵĻҪһɣһ㱳ѹ˾ɣ
鵽ز˵ʵҲνˡ
㿴˿ףƺ˼Ϊ֪Ӻ˵




960±ϵϼ
 

ϰôĿ㡣
ֶ֪֪֪һʫĻױƷ㿴׳ʵ
ʫҵȻ˵ǵϻױƷûг֮ǰӦȫĻױƷ֮һ˰ɣ
׿ʵȻ֪һﵽҪ˵ʲô
ǴAʡ̹רҵҵģһźһŮAӢˣ
Ҫ˼ʲôأ׿ʵ
ĿǰźŮAڹǾҵϼŻܲĸ˵ĵڶڣһAҵң
㿴Щֵ˵Ȼ뵽һĻڻ£
׿΢΢ӣЩƵʵ˵ȥ
Ǹ˿ȥˣ˵ҵźӶǵСҡ
˵ߵʱƺЩʣ
׿ʵǮˣ
ҲΪģǸǣ΢΢ҡͷ˵Ҫұһ߶Ҳ֪ô֪ϲ߶ġ
˵
ҲһЩȤЩӦò׫ġ
㿴׵ܲӦ֪һǰһڣʵҾȥһA
ȥʲô߶ˣ׿ʵ
ǰزаЩ˵ˣÿһҵʱ䣬Ǿͻұһ¡ÿεĶעۺ׻ƱٵöʮڰΪܹҵźӻȥҡҲֻôˡ
гΣ֪ԼΪʲôúõĵ˵ġ
ӾЩֵǣƺ֪ԼԶǮһ㡣
ȻҲĲԾ˵ĿԲǳô򵥵ġ
׿ÿ±һΣǺǣǵĿǶ׼ϼ˰
ҾӦǣֶп֪ܲʫŵıǿAʮ֮һ÷¡ţʵۺĺܣһӦʫױƷѹ֮ǼˡֻҸ㲻ΪʲôǵĵӻôĴ󡭡
˵ҲǷǳ֣Դɷ飬ǾȻ  Aʲôֻ벻ģû飡ֻû뵽ûдӽ֣ܲȻӻܲˣ
ƺһЩʲôֶһ飬ʵϼŻܲƸʱѹҲ֪ǸʱҺȻյһʼ
ƺǵƸᷢʼЦһһжѾǱ˸滮õİ  ֶôȻ˹˾ǮҾ͵ýܹ˾ĳͷ
׳ȻĳͷǱزٵģҪȻ˶ӣϼŻҪҪ˰ѣҲӦȸһ£Լŵİѹ˾Ǯľݣ
Բֶ
Ҳ޻˵ˣʵȻ֪Լˣ  ľԼûκεİ취ΪһˣܲĿԼź˰ɣ  ׿㣬˹˾棬ҾĴһΣһεĻǿɾûôĺ˵ˣ
ʲôһΣֶ
ôҲû뵽ĽȻӵģǴһΣҲ̫˰ɣ
ûбĴˣԭΪԼսˡ
ʮڣ
㹻ԼηһӣԽԼˡ
ֻŲµֻԼӣԭúõƽȻıˡ
ֶȻֻǸԼһǹĴ֣оԼҪµһ˲䣬Ȼһεıˡ
ˣҵվװڰ֣ʾ㲻Ҫ˵ˣʵʲôʱ㣿
ԭѾ˴ȥAĻƱ˼ʵѾǸʱ䡣
׿ҲҶһȥAĻƱʱһȥ÷¡ˣǷˣȻϼŵ⡭
³ɲհA׻ƿɲһǱ߿ǻҵĺܣʲôĻʱɸƲòǣ÷¡AΪӴ󡭡
ڻϾΪ׿ˣͶ֮ұ֮
Ӧ飬ȴν˵ҾǲĵģֻҪȥ׼ͺˣ
ǣֶ
ЩΣǸоֶ߻ĵһЩ
ϾֶǮˣʮڶԼ˵֣Ƕ˼˵Ҳëëأ




961Ů
 

ϼŻܲ
˿ڰ칫Щֵ̿ĿףΪ³̫ˡ
ҶԼĴ÷ʽЩоһľ㵣
㿴׳³ҡ֪Ϊʲô͵
ֻΪ̰ƣѾˣ鲢㡣ټҲһĿԣ˲ǲˡ
ֻҪû⣬ʵ˵ʲôȻʮȥǳĶࡣ
ܵԹвȣԼź˵Ļ  ǻܹ֮Ϊһ
վڹ˾ĽǶ׾Ĳá
վԵĽǶȥĻһ˿˿ĻᱣԼźӣֻҪΪһˣǶ޷˵ġ
㱻Լʱ̹ȻʵѾ֪Ѿ׼  ֪ôһĵȴԼźӶһЩʱ
Щ飬ɷΣ׵˻ȥգһˡ
ˣϲ  ЩмĿ׵³桭лл
΢΢ҡͷøʲôʲôܲǱ߾ͲҪȥˡȹȥˣ˭ҪϼŵˣǻҲûκεĺ³
Щŭˣ
Щ˾Ȼ˵ֶвԼŵһܲü⵨Ҳ̫ˡ
ǲԼ֮ǰֶ̫ˣֻ滹ʲô飿
׿ɲô࣬ȻȥAǾ츲أ
ڻܲߣײûд̫ʱ䣬ʵ϶˵Ϊ˽ġ
ϾҪȥAҲżһʱᣬ׼Ҹطס£Ȼȵȿǲȥľֳȥ߸̡
һδᣬƵ׵ǷǳϤ  ֮ǰһǵʱסƵ꣡  һƵ꣬ȻҲᳵ·һ㡣
Ƶ꣬Ԥ쿪ʼﱸѾˡ
ÿĴʵ쳣ľĶǣһλҲ⡣
Ƶ  ڽסƵرĶ࣬кܶ඼Ǵӷɻϸոסߵġ
ȻһЩĳܽƵġ
ΪһεĴıûоԵʵҪ涼̫ʵ
ЩƵˣһȥŹ֣кܶ඼Ǽļ̳˻ʲô뾺ġ
ȻˣҲ⣬Ͼ˵ǮѾֻǸֶˡ
׶һǱʳʵԷҲǿԵģֻͦ׽ʳġ
һʱΪͻ˼һҲǼææġ
һһ˹ҲǸоʱǳá
һλãֻһˣ
˿Ƶλ÷ǳĽţƴҲΪ顣
ãһ𣿡
һ̧ͷ˿һ쵰òȥԼŮԼ΢Цš
׵ͷһˣ
˼߰ɣλѾˣҿ߾һˣԡ
ǸŮЩ˼˵ϾűһòΪ
϶һСӣȥҲͦġ
ҲֲˣЦŵŮһԷȻɫɲˣ
ллҽء
غòĳЦЦϾһҽҲбҪġ
ϧֵͦȤġҲ΢΢һЦ
Ǹ֣صأأ
Ǻǣף
Ҳǳҽһ£ҲǶ˼ҵһֻӦ
ȥ׹˹λĺ棬Ȼķڷźã˹Ŀʼ  ˶ĬСʱ֮˶òϣ  ллҵƬóһƬоǰԼµˣûµĸо
غٿ峺Ŀ⣬ִҲǸоһ
Цŵ˼ҵƬû
ûйϵԺʲôҪҵĺңǺǡ
ؿȥͦģȻʱ򶼲һԼԿóŮͦġ
ԭֻòİصƬǱߣɵŮ˵ҪʱҲʶĿ˿صƬ
쳽ԴЩĿ˿أû뵽ؾȻǸҵġ
ţʲôҵģظոճ꣬ҲżߣԾ͸һ
׿صҰױƷزҽҩʲôĶ
ŶļҵǳˣؿЦŵԴĿǰǹᳫֵ֧ģδķչռ仹Ƿǳġֻǹһһ𲽽׶Ρ
С㣬Ȼ𲽽׶Σ㲻ʹ㵽˰ɣĻǵĳɱ̫һЩɣ׷ʵ
ţԭԴģԴҵһ겻Ҳ취ת͡һʵҲģͶʵġ
سЦЦȥһ㶼ʲô˵顣
Ͷʣ
ɻĿ˿أһﾹȻͶʵģΪء




962¹ϵѵĹ
 

Ƶ  ׶ǰԸΪʵŮҲ˵Ȥ
˵ȤĲŮԼҵһִš
ˣʵҴƴŻϣ
ʵҲԴ϶δ̽һ֮ǰ׼һԴĹ˾  ҪоʹԴúͿһ飬˵˵ؼ˵ܼá
ЩȻܶҶоҪ˵ʲôͻԵĽչǻûеġ
νԴʵҲųʲôԼʯ͡ȻķǿԴ
ϾԴʵ̫̫ˣȻڿȥǷǳĸ㡣
ʯٸӣʯ͵γǾ˶еģڵĿɺٶȣһ˿϶ûκεġ
ǵһ¼أһԴΣʱ²Ľѣ  ׾Լ뿪֮ǰҲҪΪԼһЩʲô飡  ŻǰŮȤЩʱ粻ɣؽԼʵǱȽϵɺϵġ
԰ʵڹҵ߷ȻǺܴģڲоԴ򣬵ȻˣʵҪĻоùһ
صҰĻǺܴģһƳǾǵ߸Եġ
Ҳ˵ĿǰûоǰɣЦʵ
ʵоҲǺѵġ
Ҳ˵ʵҲ֪νĹʵҪƳѡ
׿ҡҡͷƾǵļĻҪоļǲܵģ
㡭
ؾñܴȻҲ֪˵ĲûдԼһŮǰôҲøԼһӰɣ
ֻʵʵ˵ѣϣС㲻Ҫ⣡׿ĹĵӣҲоԼ˵Щֱˡ
ҰһҲϰˣνˣʵ˵ǶԵģҶûоĶ⿿һ˵ҵŶоĻǲܵġ
˵ҪͶӦǲܵģǼӦҲûʲôʽоǼҵְ֧
׿ЦŵֻǴһͿԿóӦԼɵġ
νңӦþ̸ʱó˵һơ
ؿƵ˵Ҫÿ˶Ļҿ϶Ͷˡ˵ҲԣԼѾˡʵҲ˵ҪоĵļҪ֪ÿһĽʱһشĽ
־
ĴָоǰŮ־ν֪ɽлƫɽеˣ
ӴӴӴⲻҴС
һЩŮ׺صĶУ׶ûͷܹĳ˵˵ı飡
ּ̱·һ㣡  ԭĵͦģϾҶˣȻЩʱһԼؾǸԼһεĹ  ֻôҲû뵽ԼȻ˺ҵˡ
ǣ  Ŷ³ƽŮǸӹһţ
ԭǺؾѧͬѧʱ˹ϵǲ
ֻǺΪϲһккȴƫƫϲأʹˡ
ʵֹѪľڹ֮ҲǾԵķģֻ˶Ǯ˵УԳ˼ǾЩҲۺ졣
ؾԼǳԩ˼ϲԼԼʲôϵأ
˵ˣֲϲǸеģҲûиǸе̸Զٷʲôġ
оЩΪһϲˣȻԼôõѸˡ
˻ع֮󣬼ûκεϵˡ
һԴչϣǸʱĺΪŵĸܲãԴŵܲãҲǲμԴķᡣ
һΣһεĿأǸʱΪһԴʦ
ǣôˣؿǣЩӣѧĶɵҲϱˡ
ǿأֿ˿׵ǣѰĺһ
üźǣһԵسܲܲҪҵˣòû𣿡
ӴӴ˼Ҹղ˵˾ʵǿ׿һЦЦдž޴ķ̡
׿˿΢΢ҡͷû£Ҳ㳤Ĳÿұ˴˱˴ˣ
Ȼ˵вŮ  ƽ޹ʵľͱǹˣҲΪĲˬ  Ȼˣʵ˵ҲʵȻǿȥĻԣɸǰһȣǲô  ڸĪ̺ЩƷŮȵĻǼֱͱˡ
㡭
ǶݺݵĿһۣȻû뵽һﾹȻԼ
һԵǳЦЦղ˵ԼʱоЩˬ
û뵽ǰ׻ͦģɲĳһˣҿԿó˼ڰԼġ
ΰʶһҵĺáۡѣ֮ǰ˵Ǹáۡأ
ǵԱߣվһΪ˧͸Źӡ
ֻӿȥЩ۸ڶƺ׸طУֻڿصʱƺĿݵͣһ




963Щ
 

ǵг䣬ڳ˳ޡ
ʵײÿ֪ʲôĻɫˣζԿóӦǺìˡ
ɼìܣҲһͶԼ˿ʶ˴ɣ
ڶûеˣʲôõĻɫ  ǰǸѵĺáۡ氡
˵˾Ǳǳ֮Ϊΰӣֽΰ
ΰţڹڵ֮У ʵҲΪĽ
ΰ˵ʲô˽ѾĿƷΧ֮ˡ
ȻѾԼŶ³ƽŮǳףôȻҪܼİš
ĻеľôΰҲѻüļ̳Ȩ
Ȼϼĵһ˳λ̳ˣһϼļʱʵļ̳ˣҪȡ֮ˡ
ΰԺǲûκεĸоϾĹӸǼŮġ
˵ʵصһͦŮֻŮΰѾǳˣ
㡭Ϲ˵ʲôʲô֤˵Ѱ
رĲᣬʵҲ֪ǺڱϹ˵ġ
ʵµĸԴΪڹǻ˵ˣϲԼԼĴ  ߣǼ˵ĻѲɻǼٵģ֪ϼɽŮǲϼſҪˣͳ׼ˣ
ΰĻ絶һĴʹصϣʵԼҵԼȻġ
ϼѾڷƮҡʱ̣Ϊú̿ԴĲԭ봫ͳҵϼʲصˮ
ʵϣϼֻܹǿգҲ⼸ǧͶʷöò
дѹӴӪɱϼѾձɽʱضп̨ܿ
ҲϣͨԼŬһԼļ塣
ղ׵ǰֵôν֮еǹɽû֪ġ
ҪȻҲܾ껹мʱ䣬ҲɱƵˡ
أֻҪƵǮ˾ۼĻ뷽跨ȥѰһһͶʡ
֮ǰһֱѧӦùѧרҵҲ֪ĿǰܹԼΨһ·¾ܹڹԴˡ
һǳеˣֻΪȱʽоԼֻҪʽӦûŶһͻơ
һõʲôרĻǵʱͻʻ˸ƽ̨
ȻˣĿǰܹ˵Ͷߵ޷ǾǰʲôʵԼǰ;ҲǸоһĵǡ
ҲΪʲôղ˵˴ʵܴһԭ  ؿΰҵҲֲһ˲ְɣ˵ˣϼŵ˻߲һëǮĹϵûаɣ
ǿӣЦһأΪҲ֪ڸʲô˵һʲôԴĹ˾ߣ㻹ǲҪܵСǲҪ˭˯һܹһЩͶʣ
ǵĻ˵쳣Ҫ
ϼţʵϼŷչ̶ȣҲһСֵġ͡Ҫںǵϡ
ϼźŻҵҵΪҪú̿Դ࣬ϼžͲһˡ
ϼHBʡպĸõú֣̿
ΰһЦǰСǾȻ˵ϼŸһëǮĹϵûУͦŰԼϼŻһ㶼˽Ⱑ
ߣɽŮСһΪɽϼŵӪҲǣϼѾǿ쵹ˣҲϣҿǼҸʱùϺء
ǿΰٺһЦг˳ζ
ش˿ؿΰĻŵҲЩ˵
ϼҲ˵ģֻԼĲҵûʲôȤ
ûйϵ
ػΪӲ˵ɼһԵ׶ܹóƺЩĸо
úúãûйϵǰɣżÿǴ˲ڵú̿Ȼ˵ûйϵԺûйϵˡ
ΰЦ˼ϼûżҵҵĻľݶûˡ
ΰΪǵĻҼҵ񣬿ƺ׵ļŭ
һԵΰĻƺоԼһԨ˹ȥ




964ͶʾͶ
 

ڵҵ
ɵˣôҲû뵽ϼŸһкȻǿǰġ
ú̿飬ÿܹȶڵĻϼάӪҪõġ
ú̿ʱϼſνս𰡣
񿪷ɱˣú̿۸񼸺ɱƽټϼ˼󣬳һЩ֮󣬲ɿȨѾȡˡ
ѹ֮£ϼŴȻССǷеĴûл꣬ѹϼˡ
ҪȱڵͼǧĻϼĩյ̿¾Ҫǰˡ
صɫɷףԭҪͶʵģû뵽ͶʻûȴһλǱڵĴͻ
ʵز֪ǣûںǵ֮£ϼҲܳõĸϼźġ
ֻǸˣȴôΪΪԼԼļԨ
б£һвһŮˣ֪ĻΪλүء
׿ΰЦһһһ͵Щ̫ˡ
ͷβûпκԽĵط䳰ȷȻ˵ǿͿġ
һ˵Ļͱˡ
ұȻ󣬵ǱҪǿһЩ
ΰ˿ףҲǴݵһЦһҲûмһͲʲôţ
ΰʲôţûмȦڵȨʶġ
ǿһЩΣһЩΣûʲôϵɣֲԷ
û˵СҲ֪ţ
һԵĺǿ˿ף¶һ˿мĹâСӣȰ£ҪΪŮˣҸǼΰĻҪΪеϧˣ
ؿźǾȻвһԼʶˣǣʲôˣҸʶ
ݿϷذʶڶѧҪС˰ҹĿ࿴ǷЦЦ
׿źǺΰˣҲøЩ˷ϻҵ黹ֲء

ؿҲЩ죬Ͼ˼ҰԼ˵Ŀеġ
ղŮ˵ȱͶǰɣ˲ͶʣͶʣ׳
Сӣǲ׵Ļŭˣ
СӻǸҪղѾѻ˵ôˣû뵽СӾȻҸԼŸɡ
һԵΰ΢΢һ̾ͷЩ˾ǲ֪ôдģ
ǳСӣ㵽Ǹʲôģ֪֪ʲôˣ
ʲô˸ʲôϵͶ˭Ͷ˭Ǯҵ㻹֧Ҳɣ׿ź΢΢Цһ
ΰ׾ȻҶ˵ţҲЦһǣһȻҪĻǾˡõ֮ʰСӡ
ΰף͸һ˿Ϣ
һԵĺ˵Ϲʹ绰۰֣ǸϼŶҵ֮ǰ͸˵ˡ
ߣ֮ǰһǿɽϰսѵķϣûˣڿѾûбҪͬЩˣԼס
ΰ쳤Х§źǾͳŲ˽ȥ  ź뿪ʱصҲƲסˮ
ôҲû뵽ȻطǺΰû뵽ԼȻԼļ˵ѣ  ֪ĻԸѡԼط
ȱĿ¾ǺҩˣΪⶫڡ
һ˶ᣬ΢΢һЦΪ˿ޣЩֵ̫á
˼Ĩһᣬǿһ˿ЦݵллղŰҡ
ǺǣҵҲΪ˰㣬ĶĿЩȤĿŶأ  ЩԳ˵ʵ֮ǰ˵ĶԵģܶȥܸߴϣʵϹһôĿоѶûн⣬͵ƾǼ˵޷Ԧ̫쿪ˡ
ĽǴ쿪ʼ㶼ûѾʧȥ˰ɣҿĴͶģ
׿Щź˵ƺΪùĸоһĿϧ
ز˼Ŀ׵֪ĿûϣΪʲôҪͶأͶʿɲСĿһǧš
һǧ򣿡׿ЦЦ̵ǰһǧɣʵҲ֪Ǯͦģ˵ʵͶʴˣ̸ϰкüʮˣûгɹ
ǾһǧЩˡ
¶һ˿ζЦݣһǧĿ֣




965Ͷʶ
 

ƵĲ
һ͵Ŀףһ֪ԼĹܶоûκϣġ
ȴȻҪͶԼ  оһĪǣȻ˵һǧ̫ˣ
ѲҪͶʸǧ򲻳ɣ
ĻԼδһʱڿȫĵͶ뵽ܶоˡ
ֻûκεģΪԼܹоһЩĻôڶʱҲԼļжôİ
Ըһ˿ϣϼѾҪԼļȻǸӵˣ  ؿʿˮǡͶʶٺأ
ҾͶʶٺʣ˾ĿǰΨһĹɶ𣿡׿΢΢һЦʵ
һͷǵģǰٷ֮ٵĶʣ⡭עʱҲѣ
Ϳ˸Դ˾ţĴָ
ɫһ쿴׵ʵղźǵ˹ʱӦҲ֪ǼҵˣȻԸϣϼûѾǲʵ
ҪԼʵıˣ׿˿ʵ
ЩԳ˵ǲǾҺܿЦΨһĻҲֻˣҲԸ⿴ԼĸΪϼͷ׷ҲԸ⿴ԼĸÿôŬǼȴһղһա
㲻ƷТİЦЦ
ʼʣµҲֻЩˣǰʮ꣬ҸֻԼŬرǣǰԨҲ޷ˣֱǰ
һТĵķϣҾͶͶһɣҪعԴֻܹռݰٷ֮ʮĹɷݣܹô
ֻаٷ֮ʮĹɷݣҲǣҵͶʾͺ٣ٷ֮ʮͰٷ֮ʮɣֻҪԸͶʣԸǹ˾δҵһСɶҲǿԵģ
Ҳ֪˲ͶǮԼ˾ºܿͻҷˣ
΢΢һЦˬ죡Ҵʮ쳽ԴṩһЩҪļ֧֡
ۡ
ԭϵĲ豭׼Ȳ裬ɵ仰ʱӶˡ
ˮδδԼţпϣȴ˿⡣
صɴ۾׵ղ˵ҪͶʶ٣
֮ǰ˵ˣһǧЩ̫ˡҲҵķ񣬼ȻҾͶˣȻҪͶһ㣬˵ʵҪⷽ淢չˣһרо
׿أһ϶Ĵ𸴣һԵѾɵסˣ  סҭԼĭȥŬƽϢԼļ  塭ʮڣ
ǽһʮʲô˵ʵʮڵĻϼҲܹ֧ȥˡ
ڿоͦ࣬ʮֻǰͶʶѣȻԴǾҪõģǿԴҲΪɣ
Щ뿪Ц˵Ƕȴһ㶼úЦ
оԼ׸ˣˣ
֡ˡðҡһǸʲôʮڶκһҵСĿɣ֮ǰҲ˵ˣʵңҾпˣҡ
˵ʵػĲʺ⣬ʵֱ  Ѿ˵ҪͶˣǾòţⲻҲˣ˵ˡ
ҪһͶߣͱӸˡ
׻ĲһͶߣҲǷǳ˵ס
ϵĿ׸Ȥģν粻ɣҲˡ
ڼ֮ǰΰͺǷǳſӣǸӵ¶˸غĴ㡣
ԼҲǸɣС˵飬Ǹˣ
Ǻǣˣ㣿һûй˵ĶġȻˣʵڲŵĻҲûʲô취ˣǸʲôģ֪ϻױƷ˵ҾǸġ
׳ЦЦ ʵҲ֪һ˵ϻױƷȻͻˣ  Ȼ˵ϻױƷʱһĿɿڴ
ϻױƷϼţϼŵˣ𾪵Ŀס
΢΢һЦôˣҾͲϼŵˣ
ҡֻǸо̫˼ˣû뵽ᣬȻϼŵļ̳ˣ
ظ֪ϼžһִģϼŵȻ˵ġ
˵ģϼػصȥһţҵ  ֻʱ˼ױƷģͶԼĲҵҲͷˡ
̳ˣҿɲǼ̳ˡЦЦ




966¾
 

ϼŵļ̳ˣǡôôǮͶأϾһĿ
һЩȦˣԭΪϼŵļ̳ˡ
ϼŵļ̳˵Ļô˵仰϶õġ
ϼŵļ̳ˣô˵Ļû˵  ϾʮڵͶʵ̫ˣûϼŶ³ܲõͬ⣬ǾǲʵͶʵġ
ϼŵļ̳ˣôҪͶʸʲôпܵġ
ֻϼһԵĻôôһóôǮأ  С˼ҲǼ̳˾ͲͶˣ׿΢΢һЦΪζĿء
ʵȻҲ֪صĵǣ֪ǾԼû
ԲҡֻǾͶ̫ˣϼŵļ̳˵Ļ
ѾͷҲˣΪ׿صľѾͷƷȽϲ
Ҫһ˶ԼɵĻ˼߾ܵˡ
ЦŵһûأϼҲʲô̳һ˵˶ӵʱǼ̳ˡ
ɶ֡ϼŵĶ³ɣ
س׵Ȧˣûиطȥ룬ôĶ³  ĸй֮УϼȻҲһʮ˰ɣ
ʮµĶ³Ҳ̫ˣ
׿Цŵô˭Ҳûй涨ⶭ³һͷӰɣǺǣٰ
ֶԲҸղʧˣû뵽ҡҾȻܹĴ
Щ״εĿ˵ȻҲǱ׵ݸסˡ
ݣֱ̫ˣ  ϼνǷͷһʱ޶ڿκһҵϼűȣǶǸʰ·ġ
ЦŰڰֵνҶҲôͿġһͶʵΣ
ֶһжģ̬൱ţһжġ
Ϊ֪׵֮һΣ  ˼ҿ˸ϼ˵ĳɹҪóʮڳͶԼԴ⻹˼ҵ  ˵ˣ˼֮ǰ˵һЩ֧֣Ȼ֪⼼ֵ֧ʲôӦǲġ
һжҵģҪ˦ƹ񰡣ҿɸ㰡Ժ쳽Դһлϲľǵ˦ƹ񣡡
׿΢΢һЦ˦ƹŻͦʵġ
֮ǰܶҲǱҪźõģҪȻĻ⿿أиһҲоܶ
ڣŸ߿ƼԴָѾ൱ĳ졣
ʱһԴУؽǻȫ֣  ֹܶԹ㷺õ֮У˵һĹܶռгʱҵĻȸָǴﵽһܺõˮ׼ġ
ҡЩɣҲ֪˵ʲô
˵ʵڻԴһƬ֪Ҫ˵ʲô
ЦŵʵڹһѾо˲ٵĺöҲΪʲôͶʵһ
Ѿоˣ⡭ôأһ
Щص˵Ϊû֪ԲмֵֻѵĶȫ͸ˡ
ļٵİ⡭ǷǳǳֵǮĶ
ҲòˣҪ֪гĹܶϵͳĻǾ޼֮
һҵһ壬ž޴Ĺ׵鰡  оɹĻŵѧҾǺʵĻߣ  ѾǵˣǳȻ˰
ز⣬һ˵˼άʵⲻˣΪʲôӵأ  ׳֪֪֪֪Ҳϣ֪еһ㿴һ
ѾԴм˹ͼƬвࡣ
Ҫ֪һ߿Ƽ磬Щǹ϶ԭʼĹŶĴڡ
Щڵ֮ϣǾǸ߿ƼĴڡ
ٹһ꣬ҲǿԴﵽˮ׼ģóǾԾĴڰ
⡭Ȼص˼·ţеŰ
ؽĳһѾǾˡ
˵֮ǰ׵ĻĻôѾһˣټ׿ϼŵĶ³ȫ飡
Цŵһᷢġ
ҪǸôţĻҹǵԴܹһڶġؼ˵
ֻ׼˵ʲôʱ򣬴˿ĵ绰ȴؿЩǸȻĶ׵ǶԲҸ׵ĵ绰




967ҵı
 

ɽ  ϼˣֻǵ˴
ϼžǿһڸ֮
ҪĴϵĻϼŵʱͻȻˡ
֣ذ
ش˿̻һ˷֮УƺѾ֮ǰǵ˵Ĳ졣
ΰղʵǱĲģԶΰͺǿ׸ǱĵĻ졣
ΰֱӴ绰Լϰ֣˵ɽŮԼ
ΰĸǿһԼĶӾȻɽŮˣŭˣ
Ȼɽǿսѣ˵ֻͬһӷ۹ѣ
㲻жٵĽ飡  ֻú̿˭ĲأȻ˵ĻɽԼսѣϼźʲôأ
ɽԼŮĻһСأʲôطأ
֣ھ̸ءЦŵ
̸⣿ǸԴ𣿡ɽ˵൱ػأûеŭ
صͷţ֣ˣһϼŵ̸ʱɷҲϼŵģ
ô˵ţ̧ͷ˿ף
νĿ˿أصͷʾû⣡
׵ͷӣһεļ
һϼŵɵĻԺϼžǱɵĴ
Ǻǣ㻹̸Ⱑְ㣬ǲ֮ǰΰˣ
ɽת˻⣬һͷص
һԼΰ⼸ֵʱ̳ΰͺǵķ˹ȥ
ԶΰͺǷЦݣҲһҧгݣ  س֣ǲϼвˣ
ذְ֮ǰ˵żһǼҵˣһҪסҿɾˡ
ɽҲûж˵ʲôѾز֪˵ٶҲûá
ֻȷһ£鵽ǲԼŮģ  ֻżҺ˸أ  ص֣żô˵ģǸŮ˵˵
ˣϰһˣϼŲܵһˡ
ɽҲԸ˵ȥˣ֮Ҳһʹࡣ
ѾˣҲ֪ȥԼŮҲ޲
ԼŮ˵ĻֻҪż˵ȥǸͿˡ
֣Ǹ˵ʲôˣﰡؼеʵ
ڼأһķɻɾǣʱȥƵ꣡ɽ
Ƶꣿ֣ҾƵ꣬ʲôʲôҰ˾ˡ
ԼϰҪҲһ
ɽ̾һ˵Ҳ޷ϼŵǿ绰ˣ˵Ķӣҵ˵ӵǸ͵ûзֹһеҵ
֣ô̺е
Ѿ
ɽ˵͹˵绰ѾȷϹˣȷԼŮΰ
ȻëͷСӵǸǸĻϼž군ˡ
Ҳ֪һԼǸˣʱϼŵҲ군һˣ
Ƕ³Ҳҵͷˣ
˭أ
ڵɽֻ֪ͷˣżһŻŹǡ
żҾѹҵһݣ  ֡֡
طŭţû뵽Լĸ׾ȻҪΰ˵Ǹ  ԼĸѾػˣƾô򶼴ͨ  ׿صӣʵʲô£
ʵ֮ǰѾˣֻװһ£һӾ͵
һ߲һ߰˵һ飡  ׿ν˵ȻҪˣǴľĻᣬǵ˼ӦþҪ㸸׵ô˵涪ˣȻ˵ĻǵҲһǵĺΣ
ĴֱӾͺ𣿡
û뵽׾ȻôͰˣĿס
֪ڰԼ˼мǮĻΪʲôҪôԼأ  ʵ֪׵뷨Ļܹ  һŸԵ֣ôҪȥ
Ҫǵȥ˾ɶĻûиһҲҲ㲻
ټ׾רҵģԼϻŶӣҲʡȥˡ
˦ƹǸ  ϼſܹȥҲͲں˭ˡ
׿صͷȻҪȻԽԽˣ׼һǲıġ




968°ΰ
 

ڶƵ꣬Ƶ궥㣡  һҹ尾أڵȵ˵ڶϣľƵĶף
˵ң׳Ƶ궥㣬һģҲǳ֡
һδĿѡĻϵط Ժܶ˶طǱȽϵϤģ
ÿһεĴĹ棬ǧ̼ҵĿ⡣
Ҫǧ̼֮ӱǻǷǳѵġ
һδĿıҵǳĶ࣬Լİٶҡ
λҲͶʮңϾÿʱεĹʱ䶼ǷǳĽյġ
˵ʵ˿Ŀ¾Ǳ׻˭ˡ
Ϊÿ괺ıǿɶһŵĻ⣬һ㶼ڸŻŰͷͷ
ͳ̼ܶҲǲϧѪĿʼҪĹ棡
׺زûнȥΪزǵףȴԼĸף
ûãһԲϵӰһӰӳص
֣硭
һˣЩĳ˵ĸǰ˹ȥ
λһЩӰȻصĸɽվɽԱǸԼĪʮӣصĸȣ
ȣϼŵܲãܲõǱ
ȼÿ춼кһЩú󻧴Žÿ춼үү̵֣  Ҫ֪ΪһŹ˾ܲãǱǷǳȨġ
ܲþǱǰеĹһ㣬ʱظозΣա
Сء
ɽɫЩѿһԵȿԼҲǿһ˿Цݡ
ɽѾ˵ˣҲһθƣ  ؿ˿ɽȵ֡磬Ҹǽһ£λҪҺԴֶ
ֶȿ˿ףҲǳ΢΢ͷ
ԼһĻҲǺֵˡ
Ƚȥɣ˵
ɽѹѹһƬˣɫ൱ѿ
٣þò
ڼ׼ȥʱΰźƵĴӵ˳
һݱ㿴غĸվһ飬ΰʶأȴɽй֮Ե
ĸѾ˵绰ɽڴ澺Ľ󣬵ԼǸ  ΰϢ˺ǣһϢ֮˷ܵļһҹû˯ҪؿԼĸ׸ϹǸӣ  Ů˵ıģЩʱûκɵģ  ɽһΰ׼˽ΰͽһ£ٶŮ
ҪǸҲҪЩ⣬ڸҵʲôǸҪǸĻҲѡ˶һĵطѣǰɣ
ΰһǿ׳Ŀɽûô֮ͬġ
ڿɽǶܵĹһ㣬⣡  ΰ˿ףһƺڳ˵Լӣ
һԼĸҪǸ̵֣ûбҪ˵Ǹ˲ʲô³ģ
СأʲôһԼþȻΰ棬һεķ˹ԵĻ۾Ҳһڣ
һػڸĵӣһЦذأΰ˵ˣֻҪֵô˵ǸԼ̣û뵽㻹ǸҪ
Լģǿģ
ЩȥɽôҲһѮˣʵ̫֪ôˣ  ӲǰɣҿӲʲôʱɽҸ㣬ҵǸԺڵõκζ
ΰ˵ﳤȥһԵĺҲǵһۣȻ뿪ߣ
˽ڳӣ̾һСãʲôʱܹ󰡣
磬ǿϼţϼŵΣܹҿҲܰɣس
Щƿԣǵ뻹ܸһЩϢĻᡣһϼŲڸṩеϢˣʱϼֻǰƲˡ
سǰ飬ƺֶѾӦϼźˣԺҾԻǹĿ࿴ġ
˵Сã㶼ˣԴΪôŪ𣿶㻹ʲôܶϵͳʲôģҶûоĶͿǾܹɹ𣿺ˣȽȥ˵ɡ
ȻûйأؿԸоóԼķŭ  һԵĸװ̾ӣҲһܣûʽ֮ǰҪŵġ
Լ׺͸Щǵӣغ׻һۣ  ׸һ϶񣬼˾ͳƵ궥ڳ˹ȥ




969¹澺Ļ
 

Ƶ궥㣬ڳ
˿̣ƵĶۼ̫̫ҵȫֹڣ
еıϢɴĿٿдͳһ
ϾƼڶĸ̣кܶ˲ԸھͷϣĿǰһʱҲýġ
ɺܶҵܶҪǱֱȡ˼߲ɷõĿ
еļ߶ƵΧȺţΪһĻ֮󣬴Ŀ漴ͻмдᣡ
ʵһЩѾǴʼϵԼʶһЩѣǿʼֱֻˣ
ȻˣĿҲй涨ģֻ㣡  ͨʲôģڴ˹涨֮ڣϾ˼Ҷˣ  İټҵʮϯλⱾǶʮ֮һĸʣλǸİٸһ  ΰһźǹģϼҪӪǸֲ⣬ڴøʵЩ˷ˡ
ϼеۣгԲǺǿ
ǼҿɾͲһˣӹһٽڷϵͳΪ콵ʯƽϢˡ
׻ƺͰӹ΢ĻһЩҲҪͨһεĻᣬ±  Ŀǰ۵͹ȵ̫ˡ
һοżʮֽҲҪġ
ȥĴһҵҵȫ֪ĵҵ飬һξ͹ˣ
ʱпܻΪڶҵʸ֮ģ  Ժܶҵ֪ĬϵǱЩ֮ҵϲڲһεľˡ
ҲΪʲôĵһԭΪĵЩ֣⼸궼ˣ  ̨֮ϣ
λӶʮڶλ϶Ǳҵɹ
˿̵ĺһֱûг֣ȴľĻᣡ
λܣǽһֵľ꣬ҲǽΪĿĴ̹λľģ
һεĳ˵ĸǰ˿Ѿһ˵  ֶһֱûкۣǳűİɣ
صСȴΧһЩ˶
ΰͺǣǾ׵ĸҲ֪׹Ļġ
ǣо仰ô˵ţⰡΰһصĻЦһ
һؾȻ˵ǸֵľȻҪñһ£漴Цŵΰһ仰ǷСأ
˿Цֳƺκ˷У  Щ˵Цʲôۿ˵ͣ
Ӵۿ˵ͣ˼ѹῴһۣЦһӻҪΪǸèܵЦ
΢΢бһΰͺǣصҧһڣҲǷҪҧȥġЩҪʵ˵ģˣƤõĻӦıˡ
˵ʹƫƫȴܹ˱ף  ΰһӣСӣһ֮ҵҪ컹ôӲҸΰţƣʸ𣿡
ΰʼˣ˵ˣ˵ɡ
˺һʼ֮Ҳǽ  ϾһҪ±ֻδǼܹһʵķԾ  ŵʵһ󲿷ֶѹˣһ껹ûκεɫĻ˵ӹǱ߾Ҫˣ
һӹʣʱŰٷ֮ʮҵҲûˣһ޴ļŻʹ˺Ȼ
ɽȾôأ˶ǸоظħƵã
ǰǾûпضһ˵ĳݣ  Ҫ֪֮ǰѧϰɼǳĺãҸ涼ǼΪ㣬ܹϵ˻Ĳ࣡  ǰȥػСһЩӣؾȻäĿĳݣ
Ҳоǰ˵ƺǳ  ֻҪ±㿪Цеİ  ʶţ˵ĻڵڻͶأ  ɽȿΪ˸صҵһУ
ɽڻ˼һνϼŵìܣΪûָκ漣ķ
Ļֳ˿һ˷ĽкѾ𣡣  һһǧ򡭡
һǧ򡭡
ڣ

ӵʱ䣬˿̱ļ۸Ѿ߸ڣƺûֹͣļ
ʵЩĶǣ˿ŶоһѪš




970±
 

Ŵ˷ľƺͽм۵ĻҲ߳
ԭʮҾҵֻʣźһҾҵ˾ھ
ƺǳǿƣǼҾҵƺҲĸš
ʮڣ
ǺһΪ˵֣һúܶ˶
ӰֱӺʮڵۣǸҵŵһ㶣  Ǿ޴ģ  ܶ˶ϲˮܣֺȻȷǳ˵顣
ʮڰȥıǾŸڰɣһӾͱʮ˰
һƴ˰Ҫ±Ļҵ϶һʵķԾ
ʮڣҿǾӦòԶˣɾҵҲڽмһεĿ϶ûϷˣ
ǰſ϶Ǳ˰
һƬ˽ΪھģԺܶʱܹôĴ
ڶ˵ǾڵȴһĽ
ʮڣûҵҪ½ıˣ
˵ľɿϢƺоҵڽмһ㣡  Ҫ֪ÿһεǼۣǾζǻ׬һ֣ҲǷǳ
ʮڣһΣ
˿˿ΧЩˣɾҵܿʮҲǿЦҡҡͷ
ʮڣҲǽԤ㣡  ԭΪȥһڣһܺõĽû뵽·Ȼɱһţ  ʵ̣һ㶼ǲıġ
ΪľڿƷУҵϲı  ʮڵļ۸൱ĸˣ
ΪʮھǴһϵĹ氡Ȼļֵ  ҲҪһĹɱԤɣ
ɾҵȫĹҲʮңƽʱҲڸý档
Ϊ˽ıѾ½ʳĴճʮڳˡ
ֻû뵽Ȼɱų
ʮڵڶΡ
֧һεĿˣÿһ˵رĳ
һķǳĳϣһεĳ־Ϊ˾Ż̧߼۸  ʮڵļ۸ȥһڣô󻷾̫õ£ʮѾԲ˱ȵĴб깤
ΰͺǵ͸һӵİΰңɾҵѾǿЦҡͷӵ˷ܣ  ȻǺҵĲҵǺǿŵΨһ̳ˣʱҪԼȢŮˣǲ˵ѾһԼ
ڵΰȫĵԼĲƸˣ
ҪŷӵĺãԼҲ׬
ΰĿ˿һԵ׺ɽˣǸղűQͦʵߣһһڴıء
㡭
ؿ׵ڶ̨ҲһĽ׷ɮ붨һ㣡  صԱߣԼĸɽԼĸҲ΢΢ҡͷ
ղһȻΪؿеλЩһЩͷǵ˰˼ѹڶûУ  ʮڣΣϲ
еľͷѾǾٹͷҲΪı֮ľһ䡣
ֻϲ˵Щˣӻû£
һԵĺѾվ׼˵Ĺףˡ
ʮһڣ
˽Ŀⶼ˺ǵϵʱȴ˺ǵԱߣһ˾һӣȻ˵
ʲôղҺ˺ˣ
ʲôк񣿾˺ˣҺʮһڣ
ǸŵĺǸоΰһȤ˰
ҵθ찡һΪˣ׼ˣҲİﵽڡ
һԭΪҪˣںȻ˶ͣ˽Ų  㡭û뵽ǸԼļһﾹȻľˣһһڣ
Ҳһûлعˣʲô
λмʮһڣûûиߵˣ˼˵Ҳû뵽龹ȻģЩоԼղŶˡ
ΰݺݵ˵ʮڣ
ʮڣ
Ǽ۵ٶȣ˸оЩϽˣ˼ʮڣôͶʮˣ
·ư  ʮһǧ򣡣Ǻֵʱɫѿ˼㣡  ʮڣ
ɫǳɣõʵЩ̫ԵһЩ
ʮڵʱΰͺɫѾǱ쳣࣡  ΰһֱΪһǸᣬû뵽һﾹȻ˵Ǯ
Ρʡŭ  ΰͺǵϣֳʰ쵵ĸɫ
ʮѾǳǵļˣ  ɬĺûһεĺ۸ΪǵļʵϾǶʮڣ  ڣ۸Ѿ׵ĶϾϣ
ĿףƺҪɱһ㡭
Ȼһп׵УֱӱˣҪΪţһѪĽѵ  ɱ˲Ѫ
˵ľ
ʮڵһΡ
ʮڵڶΡ
ʮڵΣϲ28λñδı
˼Ķ֪Ӧ˵ʲôˣг˹ϲ˵һεı˼¼ʲôġ
˿̵ɽȵѾǾˣǶ֪׷ʲô飡
֪ͬȻΰͺǣҲѾЩľˣ  ˶֪ǰī˵ʲôͷ  ˭  ⼸Ϊ˵һɻ  ˿̣һıҲʹ˵ʮڵ۱Ŀ࣬̾Ϊֹ




971ԭϼ
 

±  úܶ˶൱ܣԭΪһεıĪ  û뵽ǰ·ɱҧԭѾı֮һε˸߳
ֻ˽û뵽˭  Ϊ˸ʶףҴ˿״īס
˭ܹʶǰλصأ  ܶ˶ԴԣҪ˭źϼŵǿѹ֮£˵Ĳҳҵӣ
Ϊܶ˶ˣһ˾ǹġ
һֱӵһŽ֣ȻΪ֮
ԭΪѾɹΰͺһ˪޿κΣ  ʵܶ˶ǷһĳЦ֮
ʮڰһﵽ˭ǰûп
ǰʮĿʵЩֲԭΪʮڽͶˣ
˰ļҵôǮ͵Ĺ滨ʮڣ޷⣡
ͷǮҵˣֻܶ˵͵ѣ
ǣôߵҵǲ֮࣬ǰǺǵ˻˵ıԤˣкϷˣ
һ˽˵ΰͺŸоˡ
֮ǰţ̫ˣ  ƫƫΪܵˣֱȿһҪоܵĶడ
28ŵλ̨
˳¶˲õЦݣʮڰһλȥԼĽҪüˡ
үһԼĲү  ô룬ĿҲôġ
ײδժīֱӴīһз˳룡
˿棬ɽȶһ㵵Ŀأ
صıǵȻĺܣΪǵһ֪ݵˡ
֮ǰ֣û˵ʲô
ҪԼĸ׺Լĸ翴ԼҲϹš
ظ֪һԼãǺõ֡
ȻԼΪΣʱ̣ϼŵֶ
Сأ⡭ǡ
ɽһãȻĿԼŮվȥıӰ͸һɻ֮ɫ
һԵҲǿصСã˵˵£˵˭һóʮڣ̫˰
֣磬һǾ֪
ЩӵĿɽȣѾôʱˣҲںôһˡ
ɽԼŮЩƤģҲǿЦһ⺢ӣʱ򻹸׽Բ𣿡
ȿɽ֣С˰
̨ϣ
׻˵ķ߹ȥ֧һӭЦգ
֣׵󣬿ȴС
ϲ˱촺ıǴ澺Ĺھ۽֮ǲŻñ˵ҵ֣ΪǴҽҿյװɣ
΢΢һЦ˼һôǮ棬ĿӦþΪһ£  ʵԼҲǷǳĺ棬˭  ڳÿһ˶ڴ׽𰸰ɣ  ׽ӹͲ΢΢һЦһǴϼϻױƷһιġ
õģԭǴʲôϼϻױƷ
ԭòԵĻӦף׼׵Ĺ˾ظһ飬Էû
ǵعʱһţ
ϼţ
ȵĴžȻˣҪ˵ȶߵҵ¾Ҫϼˡ
˵ʵһϼŵǹμӾġ
մĿ鲢ûзϼܲռܲӰҪ֪ԭһֱΪռܲǵĹ澺Ļֳ
ǹ۲˰ҲûзռܲӰ
ǿϼܹμӹľĻϼźпܾǱ
ֻռܲûΪһϼǲڲμˡ
֪ϼһεı
׿˿Ǹ˵ʲô𣿡
ûûûֻǾʵЩ̫ᣬˡðһ䣬֪ϼŵʲôְ񣿡
˿ЩʵҲǺܶ˶ˡ
صϼţƺ˶Ե쳣ذ
׿΢΢һЦңϼǸɶɡ
ԭֶ£ӭӭ֧Цŵ
ǿܹӵϼŵĹɶˣһǸﰡֻаٷ֮һĹɷݣǴŵҲۼʮڰ  ˿̣ѾһɧȻϼŵĳúܶ˶𾪲ѡ




972Ͷ
 

Ƶ궥㣡  ˵ϼĸֵʱ򣬺ܶ˵ɻǽ⿪ˡ
ϼţĸóϷ˼ĵȷʵ顣
ҲӲ淴Ӧһʵ ϼʵ̫Ǯˡ
ǮҪϼžûκεĿԵ֡
СأλȻϼŵĹɶ
һ׵ݣ沿Ҳǳ鴤һ£Ȼû뵽ͷô
һԵɽҲ̾һû뵽СС;ȻϼŵĹɶ˹Ŀ࿴
ǰףϼŸ˼ϼűٷ֮һ簡λ֪ռżɵĹɷݣռһĹɷҲ˲õİ
ȷ·ûдľκ֮߳ϻǴ˿˿ľ֮ɫ
ؿԼĸ׺ԼӣٺһЦ֡磬ҸǣʵֶϼŵĶ³ֻǵ͵˵ԼϼŵĹɶɶҲǹɶǰɣ
ʲô³ļٵİôᡭ
ɽ׵Ȧˣ֮ǰ뷨ʵһģһģôôϼŵĶ³أ
˼ҾǣһؼѾӡ֤ˣֻԼĸ׺Լĸ绹ǲŶѡ
ʿˮ硭ĻǿˣΪʲôղΰͺǸӣ˼ѹҲһµԭԭ˸˼ֶ³Ķְ
Цŵƺ˰ɣϼһоˣ
оˣ˼ΪʲôúõİǰԲܵ飡ɽҡҡͷԼŮʶ˼ֶ³
⣬˼ΪʲôҪһٵգǷôծĹ˾أ
ȿصСãͱˣ⵽ô°
˿̨ϣ׳΢΢һЦ
ôڴĿллλϼŵĳãϼܹһεı̨飬һǸлңڶҲ˻λϼŵµͶӪĿ
ϼд𣿰ϼҲǹаİʲôоǴֱʣ
ǰǲ֪λֶµҪʲô飿ӦòС£
Ҹоϼŵֱʣڵ¸㲻ĿͶʡ
ڴϼѡʱӦþͷͷ˰
һ˻ڴ鿴ϷףǶڴſϼŵʲôشĿҪ
ش˿Ѿɽ˵ˣоԼҪˡ
ֻûʧ̬ԼоԼжǺ  ϣǺϼŵĺΪһϼеΣ¶ɢ֮С
Ҳ˵Ĳ飬Ȼ֮ǰ׸˵ôһ죬һ˼һҪ˵أ
ּõֺʧȥĸоصĺʼЩӾˡ
һԵ˿׵ֶǴҲڴϼܹǴϲ
΢΢һЦϲҲ̸ϣֻϼδչһѣϼŶ»оϼⶨδʮ꣬ϼźʳ쳽ԴšϼδİԪռɰٷ֮ʮ
İڣģԴʲô
ҲǸоһɬ˼ǣֶǰڰڵģֱûѵĸо  ѧϵͳɹ㷺ɻһвôͳԴĿǰϼźϼѾڹѧϵͳͻԵоδλ򵽲ü͵ҲԿü͵ķɻȵȵȵȡ
׵ķõºܶ𾪲ѣĻԺϼ˭ܹأ
Ǻܶ˶֪δһչƣ
£ԭ˽˵оһƬĳӣ
ΰͺ˴˿̸оһйϼĸֵʱǷһѾǽˡ
ϼţǰźϼŶһҲ˼ҵʮ֮һ簡
ΰϲ۸СԽˣԽǺǿߣ  ڲ֪£ȻϼŵˣԺľͲù˰  ϼǷ֦ͷˣΰͺ˼ڱ˲ע»ˡ
ǵǼ尾ģҲ֪ʲôʱͻӭϼŵı
ֻ׸ǵ̲ˣҪпܱǵ˵ĻǿҲֻϼˡ
ΰͺˣ˿ҵļ˶˷ܵıһɽЩӯ




973±
 

Ƶ꣬׵ͳ׷ڣ  ҸӺؽڵİڣ˿˵֪ˡ
˵ɽôҲû뵽ϼŻʱ
ʵϣϢ֮Ѿǵõ˷
ܶŻýѾǽϢͷ˳ȥϾ˹ڵĳ˵ĻǱȻȨĽˡ
˹ڵĳ飬˵ϼѾá
֪ⲻ׵һϵľأ  ֻѾǱըˣ˿׵ķڣƺƽˮ
ֶлл
ɽֺգΪļ
ʵҲлңĿѾ˺ܾˣֻһǧҲĿһļϰɣ
׳ɽЦЦʵҸ˵İֵ˦ƹѡ
ô򵥣  ֻ˵һˣпܸһˡ
ȻˣǰҪܹףܹ׳Ʒ
ƫƫɵʱΰͺǣҲӲԿƷ
˵ҲǽɹƷ֮ϵģûΪĻһεĺҲô׵ġ
һ㣬ʹ˿ٵĳɹģҲøлһΰİ衣
Ҳһѿѣ˵Ҫʲôģ׾ûûбҪһʶ
Ͼǳ˶ƤӣҲûжԼʲô̫顣
źϼŶڹҾӦûŲСĹ׵ģֺαΪ˱ˣô޹˵ķأ  Ǿһ֮ҲӦѧ˰ɣ  Ҫһ׵УµʱͲôõ³ˣ׵뷨ѣ
һĿ׵ֶôϼšʵ˵ǣͶôľ޴󣬶ȴռ˰ٷ֮ʮĹɷݣ̫ƽˡҾһЩɷݾͺˡ
ǰֶ֮֮ɽҲ̵
˼Ͷİڣռ˰ٷ֮ʮĹɷݣԼɶҲûиɾ͵˰ٷ֮ʮ
װڰֵûʱЩԺԴ滹Ҫǣٷ֮ʮĹɷȻܶ࣬ҲҪŬеģɷݸ̫ˣǵʱҲᵱԼĲҵ𣿡
ֶһᾡľˮھˣô˵ǻǶãһҲǼæ
ЦŵľҵĹɷݸĶˣҾǿҪ˲ͬҰһ׻ƻкܶҪˣϣܹʱһ㣡
һﾪ˰
ɽĴָ˼ֶ˵ûԼǮˣȫȥƣЩҪˡ
˼ֶȱǮҲȱôɷݣ˼ҿԼŮĿҲƷʣ  壡
һ󼱴ٵĵ绰ɽ˿ԼֻегӦǴ߿ˡ
ιǮ
Ǹϼŵؽеһ֣ϼڽдڣͿҪˡ
ɽҲأû뵽Ǯгĵ绰׷ˡ
ǮгǱʴǻᾡ취ġɽЩǸ˵
˵ͼ˰֮ǰ˵Ҫꣿ깻ϢǮгһЦ
Ǯгǡɽû뵽Ǯгһ㣡  ǮгһЦһδ绰ҪҪ̸һ̸飬֮ǰ˵Ҫڹһ仰顭
˵ǮгǲǷ˰ɽһʵ
ǮгһЦϼźˣ߲Ҵذ֪ھǣԷ̸һ̸Σ
Уһȥ˵ɣ
ɽȻˣӦ֮ǰѾýعˣҪȻġ
Ǯг绰ҪԼҪǷһǰǾǲܵ顣
ĻɽҲõߵߵܵ׼ΰǸɣ
Ǻǣе΢΢һЦⶼˣҲͲˡΪҲøϻϼȥء
ǣǾͲˣɽ̵
׿˿صС㣬һһеļ㣬ȥϼܲռܲܲãʹ˾ڵһʮڵʽʱҲҪˡڹ滹ʲôרҵ˲ţʱϼͳһƸ쳽ԴĳȷѡַͿ
ǣ
غݺݵĵͷδǳģ  ˺ܿ뿪ˣ˿̵ҲʰʰQеķˡ
׵ļƻһʵʩţԼ뿪֮ǰ׻ƳΪߣδ뿪׽һԭɣ




974ڽ̲
 

׻صQУ  ԼĶַѾǴˣ׿ݵʱҲЦ
ٽ꣬ζҲԽԽŨ  ΪڼңһҲž
һ꣬Ķĸп÷ǳĲ˼飬ƺԼ켣ıĲһ㡣
ڼҵʱǶݵģһױ뿪Qǰǣ
ǹʻ
ڻȺףûдҲһĲ죡
ֶȥAˣһ俴ףǰֶʵЩȥµġ
׿ôˣǱҲһģôˣ
ʵ׾жҲǷڣôκεĶ
㲢֪⣬ҲǿЦһȻƵҡҡͷ
˴ĵ׺ķɻͣAĳɼʻ
һεĿĵؾɼ÷¡ĴӪ
ֶȻؾƵϢһȻȥֱӹȥ
˿ѾļͣϾԼŮڱ˵У֪ЩԼôȹġ
ûа취ֻܹȣΪԷԼľʱ䣡  Ҫ״̬ĻֱӾȥɣϣԼǼ㣿׿ʵ
㣬ȷׯ԰
ȷׯ԰ɼĸÿһׯ԰Ƕׯ԰ҼǳĴ
Ա֤ÿһҵ˽˿ռ䶼Ƿǳĳ㣡  ÷¡Ϣؾڱȷׯ԰Ǳѡ
ʵܶ˲֪ⲻ÷¡һССĻضѣص÷¡һ˸ǿ͸ġ
⳵ܿ˱ȷׯ԰ĸҲᳵ·ˡ
³֮ʹ˵绰Ǹ֮ǰ绰Լˣ˿̵΢΢ü
ȷׯ԰ȻǱж찡  ߵһЩڲͬΪ̫̫ʹһϢ
׸оԼƺҵʹһĳϳһ㡣
ԲԼô򵥵ģ֮ǰѹҲû˵顣
㵽һԴŵ绰Ҳǽ绰˸
ˣң
Ѿкһû׵ϢˣڳҲû̫
񿴵׸Լ绰Ҳ쳣˷ܣ  һAıȷׯ԰ǲʹһˣ
ȷׯ԰ȥˣЩֵʵ
ôˣ׿űȷ΢΢һЦʵ
ǣǸط÷¡ĵ̰ôܵǸطȥأʵ
÷¡壿ǺǣƺҵĲҵвҵˣȻҪˣ׳ڿ⸥Ӧ֪ˡ
ˣ÷¡ʹһڽ̲ģʱǲ𰡡
ǲڽ̲Ǹʲô
ڽ̲׻ǵһ˵Ҳ֪⵽Ǹʲô⣿  ֮ǰ˽ʹһʱֻ֪ʹһΪǿĴǽ̻ʣǺ´̺ͺ֮ġ
û˵ʲôڽ̲Ǹʲô  ˣȻǱߣҾ͸˵˵ɡڽ̲ʹһΪǿĻҲʹһΪĵһ
˵ķʽױܹóһƺڽ̲дźܴľη
ܹһΪԼ˵л˾ηĻӦò򵥣  ȴΪȻ֮ǰʹһʵЩ̫ˣƺַӾܹʹһһ㣡  û뵽ʹһ徹Ȼһ󶼸оµĻ
˼ˣ  е˼Цŵ
ˣڽ̲ʹһΪǿһЩɵִܹ̻˭Σ˵ǿǿܹڽ̲ģǱʮʹ
˵ڽ̲Ŀ£ʮʹǼ൱龳ڵĸˣֻһӲ  ¾ûжܹﵽ˰ɣ  Ҳ֪궫սʹһû㹻ʵôȥƶأ
ڽ̲жˣΪĵ˿̵Ҳ΢΢ü
Ĳ֪ʮǰżȻμ峤˵һΣ˵ڽ̲ѡµĽ̻ʣΪжʮλþ߲ͬ⣬λ̻ûλѡٽ̻ʵֻ̣Ҫ֮һ˲ͬ⣬ǾͲν̻ʣ
Ҳ˵ڽ̲пǶʮˣҲпʮˣ׳ʵ
ʮλ龳ĸ֣һ˵ְ  ֲøһ˵ԼʱǲҪǵĺá




975Ƥ˹÷¡
 

ڽ̲
ʹһΪǿĴڣΪ֮ǰûнӴڽ̲ҲʹһĽɡ
ƺûԸἰôǿĴڣȻס
Ҳû뵽Լ˾Ȼô̵ʱھͺʹһΪǿĴڷ˳ͻ
ҪĻԺⰲӿɾû˰  ҵƶϣӦʮҡڽ̲Ĳþ߻Ƿֲڸ䣬ÿһЩʱ򶼻ۼһʹһķչ
һȨ׳
˵֮ǰڽ̲ûʲôĻô֪طԲеô򵥵ġ
Ϊʲô궫սһʼ  ǾΪЩǿĴڣȻˣ׻һЩ˾Բ֦ͬġ
ֻΣͷЩ˾ܹšһġ
Ϊ׻ʵЩ̫󣬶ҸֲҲյʧܣ
÷¡֪ģȻA÷¡˾ڽ̲ĺ÷¡˵ڽ̲ռ˺üϯλ
һΪǿļˣ׳
ûио̫ѹʮ龳ĸһĻôҲֻӵķˡ
÷¡ƫһ磬ȴһЩᣡ  ڽ̲Ѿǹ׵УҲ֪Լĸ÷¡巢ͻĻʱԼ¾ͻᱻڽ̲ϡ
ֻأϾͶϰɣøһͳһõɣ
ǵˣǧҪСİ
ѵ˵׾죬ҪˣԺ¶֪ԼӦôˡ
һ͹˵绰˿̵㿴Ǳߴŵ绰Ҳһֱûǰ
׵ĵ绰Ҷϣ㳯׵ķ˹
绰ѾͨˣǵĳϾ͵ֶǵĵɵŵ㰡ЩҸоɱ˲գ۵֡
ǺǣҿѰһǲ̫İɣûµģ΢΢һЦ
ܿ죬һ˵ļӳѾߣ  ˳ͳűȷׯ԰˽ȥ˿̵쳣
֪콫ҪԵʲôѾߣҲֻܹһһˣ
ȷׯ԰ƺѾıȷׯ԰Ϊׯ԰Ψһɽ֮ϵģռĻĶࡣ
΢΢ЦȻóıж죡
ׯ԰Ͽƽ棬ʵȴһԻ㲻š
ȷ÷¡ܲڵˣֻϿƺЩƽѡ
³
˱ģӿ
˳ӳһƬټĸ߶򳡡
طǳϤһ˶ʮڵģû뵽һµʱ䣬һεıߡ
һ̹ȻģΪϼŵֶԼһˡ
˵ֶĬԼôˣĸмһЩˡ
ˣܣּˣ
һ𷢱۵ӿ΢΢һЦϻҡһƱ
𷢱۵Աߣվһӣһ߶£ȥΪרҵ
Ȼʶ˵ģ˹Ŀǰ߶պ
һˣʵ̫ˣ
Ϊ˼ְҵģԼҵѡдıȽϺõģͺñһѧһСѧܡ
ӮӮǶǿ˵ģ
ʵϣνĸ߶ıǲһͷѡ
ǰ𷢱۵ӵĿģΪӮϼŵǮ
Ƥ˹ҵķ˺ҵĺأ㿴ǰ𷢱۵ӣһķŭ
Ƥ˹÷¡÷¡ŵļ̳ˣ
ʵϣƤ˹÷¡÷¡ŵļ̳ˣҲһλߣ  үү÷¡ĸ峤λȨأ  ֻСƺھ̷ǳĸȤȻˣϼŵĳ÷µĻױƷһǧɣ  Ƥ˹ŭˣ׻ƵϼȻĿΪ˵õϻױƷ䷽
Ӧ֪˰ɣƤ˹һںƣƺĸо
ֻϼһֲܲöѣ֮ǰѾ˶ʮˣŷֵĻʱҸûκεĻڸЩǮˡŶʮӦÿԻҵźͺ˰ɣ
мŷŭ˵Ҫʲô  Ƥ˹΢΢һЦʮڶѣ͵ҿƺҲһ֣ǲҪսһ˹򼼰Ӧ֪Ҫʲôġ
㵽Ҫʲô
ĿҰһĿƤ˹޿κΣΪ˵Ķ֣ұ˼ߴء




976²򣬵Ӯ
 

ȷׯ԰÷¡ıڵأ
Ƥ˹ʼչһ˿ȻЦݣϲǰ׻ʹ顣
ϼţѾΪжд̣ҲϼŵĻױƷ
ôоǣƺоⶫһͨۼһЩˮѣ
ΪȽȥ̽óĽһġ
Ƥ˹Լ߿Ҳ첻ⶫκε
ȲεĶЩܹͨܵõ  Ƥ˹ŭˣֱӳϼܲ˶֡
Ϊ˲̫˵ע⣬Ǿεķֲܲÿʼ
ΪһźӶAʱȥ׻ðգʱȻõҪĶ
ҵҪʲôٺ٣ҪϻױƷ䷽ܹ㶨ĻҲҪǮһǮңһӣƤ˹˵㻰
Ƥ˹¶һ˿ɭȻЦݣָ˵㻰ǲܵġ
ȨУ˵ʲôʲô  㿴Ƥ˹޿ܣ
ɱܾô죡Ҳ뿴ķ˱ǼЩʵıڸ
Ƥ˹ϳŵЦݣ֪ǳİԼźӡ
źӾߣֻҪס߾Ͳͷ  ɫ˿£ϸһ־  ׿ӣܣ䷽ҪĻǵʱøǲ
⡭
û뵽ֶȻô˵ڽ֮ǰ㲻Ҫ͸ԼݣҲֻܹΪˡ
λȽϵˬ죬ҵͦϲġ֪ʲôˣƤ˹ЩֵĿ˿ס
Ϊƺһֵ𾴣Ȼûôֳ
׿Ƥ˹Ƥ˹׻һŻ޶÷¡ʵЩȥˡ
٣ܹõ䷽ĻʱǾҵϱòĻǱһЩأ
Ƥ˹ɲֵ֪ôд۱ɻǲɣֻҪﵽҪĿҲˣ
飬Ųô࣡  ϼˬˣҪϼŸˣ˭ϲĳɾ͸أ  ䷽һʱ϶òģôõĻƤ˹Ҳǵһˡ
׵͸һ˿˿ĲмƤ˹νЦЦ
׵˵ĲҲ֪ãǲòòѵĻôǿ԰ֽϼţʱǵ˵ǿõ䷽ġ
Ƥ˹Ѿˣ׽УͶ
÷¡帱峤ӣ÷¡峤֮⣬Ҳû¹ʲôˡ
һΪ׽Ĺ˾⵹ҲЩĲá
÷¡帱峤ӣȻкֺܶģЩ֪Ƥ˹ҪæĻҲġ
һο϶ǲˣƤ˹ҵĻһᾡľҲһǰᣬǾȰܵӺŮˡ
׿Ƥ˹
Ƥ˹Цһˣ㵱Сʲôʱõ䷽ʲôʱ˻ύǣ죬Ȼò䷽ĻǻǿʼǵϷ׬СǮҲͦ˿ĵ
Ǹ߶򣿡оЩˣⲻǰװǮ  ȻҲ֪Ǳⲻ˵ģǵʱǸоûš
ֶ֪ΪʲôҪѲɾΪҪǮ
÷¡ܲ⻹Ǳ˵㣿
һξԼ޶ʵѾʲôϣˣһľ
Ƥ˹΢΢һЦӦ֪İɣ˹ҲǸ߶İߣǻдһ°ɣ֪λ˭ϰ

㲢֪׵ˮƽôģǲˮƽôģ˼ְҵѡȵĻǾ˵ģ  䣬ǿ϶ˣ  Ȼ䣬ôԼ仹ֶˣϾǮ˼ҵġ
׿΢΢һЦ߶ҲеȤûдߴϵĶ
ۣ
Ƥ˹ͬʱǺָоһﾹȻûд
ԭƤ˹Ϊһʲô߶ĸֹأ׻ʲô֡
һ˹Բλˣ
㲻򣿡Ƥ˹ЩɵĿ˿ףװڰֵѧϰȽϵǿνһӮ
һ׻ƵĳСӣȻôţƤ˹ȻôţǲĴһЩ
˹ЦһƤ˹÷¡Ǻϵ  ֻҪӮһԻðٷ֮һɣɱСٷ֮һٷ֮һҲ൱ĺ˰




977ĺڵƤ˹
 

ȷׯ԰  Ƥ˹÷¡һȻףҲǰ̾һ£СԼĵ̾Ȼܹôɡ
Ƕǰֵ׻ЩĿ࿴ˣ
൱ĵСӾţҲǵĶ֡
Ҫ֪ıеĿΰ÷¡壬Ǹʹһսպյ÷¡壡
ʹһ壬÷¡Ҳһڣ  μ֮ģ÷¡壬Ҳֻгķˡ
߶򳡣  ˹ǿ׵Ųмһ߶ûдļһȻԼĸǰ˵Ű衣
ֱǲԼа
һĸˣһһ߶򶼲СӸ̼ˡ
ܲŭ𣿼ȻСҪĻҪС֮أ
˹ҵǾúܺð
Ƥ˹÷¡ף֪˭ߣȥƺҪ˵һЩ
㿴Ƥ˹Ǯˡ
Ƥ˹΢΢ҡͷҾ˵һЩȽϺãҪȻҶ޶ɾûôˣ
׿˿ܣȻҹˣͽΣ
áðɡ
㿴ȥЩԥʵͲð齻ײźأΪԼû⡣
˵ǮĻֶûκεġ
÷¡ҲһͨĲŶѣ֪һͷһ硣
֪Ļŵöܹˣ
Ƥ˹˿΢΢һЦղһʱҾ;ȷǷ֪㵽ʲôˣҶЩȤˣ
ҵݣϼŵĹɶ΢΢һЦ
֣ϼŵĹɶϼˣƤ˹÷¡ΪϼŲĳ˵ĶӦ׻ĳĲ
ʵҲܺ⣬ϾϼôһţѲһ˾ܹŪô  ȻƤ˹ǲܵ飡
ȻƤ˹ߵǮҵһ֡˵ôĲ
Ƥ˹Щ񣬲漴Ц˼ֲҪϼŵѾǵˣôأ
ôʧȥֻŶѣ׵˵
ƾ㣿
Ƥ˹мĿ˿ףһﻹİԼ̲˰  ֻϧ֪÷¡ǿ  ˹˿ףʵҲ֪ϼŵǿϼŶʱѸٵ𣬵ȷһǮҵ
˵ĿǰA׻ΪϤһҵӦþϼˡ
ǮȻǮȻҲǳΪ˹Ŀˡ
Ƥ˹û뵽ȻϼŵĹɶλӦҲᰡǲ֪λûеһأ
˹һӿȣ˵һ׬Ǯĺʱ
Ƥ˹˿׵Ȼ÷¡ܲôǲĴһЩأ֪㲻ȱǮ÷¡ҲȱǮ
ô棿׿Ƥ˹΢΢һЦ
ҪϼϻױƷ䷽Ƥ˹ֵ˵
Ƥ˹Ŀζͦ󰡣Ͳ֪ûôθܹԵȥˣ
׵Ļд̣Ƥ˹Ҳ¶һ˿˿Ĳм֮ɫ  ΪԼ̾ͺ˲ˣ֪÷¡ҪǼǵãϼŻ˵׿ɲ۸ġ
ƺ˰ɣҾûϼŻױƷ䷽أ
Ƥ˹Ϊĵľ䷽⣬һ֪ϻױƷ䷽Ļǵʱһ¾߲ˡ
˼ȻϼŵĹɶǿ϶ϼǧ˿Ƶϵ
˵ϼĺĳԱ̤Ьٴȫѹ򰡣
׿Ƥ˹ȻϼĹɶ˵û䷽أ
ʲô㡭㾹ȻϼŵĶ³⡭ôܣ㻹ôᡭ
Ƥ˹ȻǱ׵Ļˣбһ˷ܵĹâ  ˣӮңǿԵõϻױƷ䷽Ҫ˵Ļ׿Ƥ˹Цһ
ȻҪ棬Ǿһˣ  ˣźͺ赹ԣڷһΣƤ˹ͷ֧ƱľǲҪǮһ㣡  ׿Ƥ˹΢΢һЦ˺᲻õˣ
ֶǧҪϵ
㿴ףгž֮ɫһĵõϻױƷ䷽Ļǿ϶ɱˡ
ֻȴν߾һģûз
Ƥ˹ȵǷһ˿˿Ȼ




978·ӳ
 

ֶȻǸˬˣʵҲǳ᲻õˣ
Ƥ˹ҲǿЦܹѪеϻױƷ䷽Ȼòˡ
ǰ˿ȥһľ鶼ûУ˺¶֮⣬ƺûʲôȡ֮
Ĳ֪Ϊʲôһܹһִϼţ  ѾԼûжĹϵˣһｫûκεܿԣ
ϻױƷ䷽  뵽Ƥ˹Ҳһ˷ܣܹõ䷽
ҲҪԼļ֤绹׽磬ֻҪҪǿõġ
ʲôֻҪɹˣԼţˣ
Ƥ˹·ҪĶ ǻ᲻ϧһд۵õ
Ȼ˵ĻǾͿʼɣ
׿˿Ƥ˹Ķνӡ
˹˿Ƥ˹Ƥ˹ͷ˹ϣһɲҪʧŶ
˹Լ൱ţƤ˹¶һ˿мЦݵһûз
Ƥ˹ȻҲ֪˹򼼣߶˶֮Ϊ˶һ˻ĺ
ⶫҲһżûʱĻ۵ĻҪڶʱӮıˣǲܵ顣
ο˹һĸ߶أ  ȻûĴ߶򣬵Ҳ֪߶Ĺǲӡ
ʵ߶ΨһԭǰǸСС֮Уνǧ򻯲Ҳ
򼼸߻ߵܹͣĳӣһҲǿԻܵġ
ȻˣʷǳС粻
κһĲǶǾ˺ܶķչݱġ
ĸ߶ĹȻҲˣ  ҪĻúóɼû츳ڷܣǲõġ
һ۹⳵ͣĸ˵ĸǰ  ĸ˹۹⳵÷¡ׯ԰ڵһƺ˹ȥ  һ͵ĸ߶򳡣ܹ˰ĵؼǰܹӵһ˽˵ĸ߶򳡣Ǿ൱ţġ
÷¡ţAĳ֮һǮΨһı־  ӵݻׯ԰߶򳡣Ҳжôľȣ
˹÷¡ڱȷׯ԰ݻĸ߶õʱҲһ𾪵ģ
ֶĲ᣿
Ƥ˹оЩܣһĲĻ͸Ҹ˹
ȻǾԲܵ飬оһڸԼĻ
׿Ƥ˹Цŵûǿ
ߣҲǴ߶ӡ˹
վǱ˵ӣ߶ģֱġ
Ƥ˹¶һ˿ЦݵȻĻĹҾͲˣҾͽ򵥵Ĺɡֶ֪ûпɽϵǸСģ
ȻǸC𣿡׵ͷ
ǵĹܼ򵥣Ǿǿ˭ٵĸ
Ƥ˹ҲڽʲôˣΪֱҲΪλ
˭ܹٵĸ򶴣Ӯˣ˶ѣ
Ǻǣܼ׺ٺһЦ
ȻǷǳļ򵥵ģҪĻǿɲôļˣƤ˹˵ֶûĻǾȿʼˣ
Ǿȿʼɣѧϰһ£
׿˹һƣȻԼԹԵվһԡ
һԵд˵֮ɫнһ־飬Ϊ˹̫ǿˡ
Ǿɣ
˹һֻһ߶һֻһˡ
һӼ߸Ƥ˹߶򣬶鳡صԶȵȶѾǷǳϤˡ
أ
˹Ķ쳣ı׼˫ոˣȻһ飬ֱӽԼµǸ߶ˡ
֮У߶˲仮һĻߣȻCķֱȥ
ڵ֮󣬻ĳCķ߶ȥ
bingo
˹˷ܵĻ˻֣һεķʵ̫ţһЩCȥƺֻ׵ӣ˾ԿԽˣ
£һνҪĸ˵ˣ࣡  ܹﵽĸѾǳˣ˽ĻǾķӡ
Ҫ֪һ׼˶
ƯӮ򣡣
Ƥ˹Ҳ˷ܵĻӻְ֣ҵߣϲ˵רҵġ
νӥ򣬾ǵ˶һ׼˵
ӥ򣡣
ҲһƬɵĸоҪ֪֮ǰ˹ԼʱѾЩˣǸʱ˵ڱ׼һ˵СǺܲˡ
û뵽һθӵĿţֱӴһӥ  ӥ򰡣
ְҵѡ֣´Ĵ࣡  ְֶҵѡ֣ҲѴó




979Ϸˣ˹
 

Ƥ˹һ˷֮ɫ
ԭ˹ֻҪӵĻǾûġ
ɿҪְҵ󼶵ıˣܹڱ׼˰ȥĻǼ˵ʤˡ
˹˷ܺʧγĶԱȣ  Ƥ˹Ŀ׵ֶҾȫûбҪڱ˰ֱӰϻױƷ䷽óĻǻѣ
ѣһĶܹ֮ΪôЦһ
ֶ仰ҿɲ̫ͬôܽأҾӦýӮƤ˹ƺΪԼ޳ԼĽ͡
׿Ƥ˹ǻûнô֪Ҿˣ
˹ְҵѡ֣˿϶ˣĪΪɣ
Ƥ˹мĿ˿ףһ￴ûд߶򰡡
Ǵ߶ˣһɼǺѱԽġ
Ҫ˽Ļǵǰʤˣ  ܹһ˽ı֣ǸȨĲԽְҵѡһ˽ĸҲǧ֮һҡ
ЩְҵѡһӶûдһһ˽һ˽ֻܹƾˡ
˹ְҵҲֻһ˽ÿһǸ
Щϲղصˣ׼ؽһ˽ֻϧԲġ
Ƥ˹ȥˡ
˹˳Ź۹⳵Լ˷ܵĹȥˡ
Զ׺Ƥ˹ĿⶼǾۼ׼ڶ˹ϡ
һ˹ûżԼ򣬶һ  ž  CķֱȥɵҪڵʱƺʼıŹ켣һֱȥ  shit!
Ƥ˹ŭһôľ룬Ȼƫˣ
һʼյȻĿǰһУһﲻţôҪһʮΰ˴ζ򲻽ȥ
ֻҪǾǿԺȻġ
˹һԼͷϵĺƺԽԽԶ  ԭCֻ׵ľ룬һβǻCCʮҵľ룡
ӥţЩ̫ˣ  ʮ׵ľ룬Ҫһ˽ĿԾͲ̫ˣȻˣְҵѡ˵ѶҲ  ԭһƬҵʱѾȼϣ  ܿ˹ĵѾʼˣøղԼ̫˷ûпƺµĽһԼԲʧˡ
ž
һεڵϿٵķţһ˹¶һ˿Цݣ  ΪĹ켣ǽˣôľԼģ
֮Уһ𣡣
ƺ˵ͱ䣬ûκεףܿƺƫ˹
һЩ죬Ƥ˹ҲⲻȻ
ֻ˹ƺҲ̫һ㣡  ƫˣ  һεһ˹ȥһƺΪ˹׼һ㣡  ԭΧ֮ڣҲһ׵ľ룬ʱһ˽ûκε⣡  һƺƫĸӵCȥжʮҵľ룡  ǺǣȥҲʲôӥⶼˣôԽԽԶ߶ĹҪ𣿡
׵Ŀдһ˿ЦݣԶ˹ˣ
˿˹ʹıͷԭΪӥȵģ˽˽Ӯһûġ
߶ҲҪӦı仯ģԸղŵһ磬ҲǱһˡ
ҲûⲻһεЩɥ  Ƥ˹ɫ൱ѿһǺðȻ춼  ˹һεĿʼԼĸ߶ڵھŸ˵ʱǿǿİǸȥˡ
ڱ׼ĸˣȫһҵ༶ѡֵıְ
һԵ㣬ֻҪӵĻҲǿԻ˹ģ
˹һ̣Ƥ˹˹ɫԿʼ˭ĸӵѿˡ
Ÿ˽ǰɣλ˹ȥʵҲһ
ײסĴ̼˹˿̵˹Ҫ˵Щʲôסˡ
һεȷǷʧˣڶ˽Ļûнˡ
ֻܹ˵Լûаסᣡ  Ƥ˹ߣֶ˵ģ㻹ûпʼأ
Ƥ˹ˣû߶򣬾ǸŸˣǻϴĿҲǲʮ֮һġ
һѲΪ߶Ǹ˶ܹô  ûûƤ˹Ѿ·һĽӮ˵Ļôͻһֶʤʤ  ΪղŸû˵Ҫ򼸾֣Ƥ˹ĻΪ˷ֹⷢ




980ⶫ
 

Ȼ
һλⷢ˹˴õľ棬Ҳһջ
ʵɸղһַĸԭΪղŵڶ˵ʱ˹ȫлսġ
˺;Ÿ֮Ĳ̫ˣְҵͷְҵĲҲˡ
ֶлᰡ
㿴ףѾǻָ˰Ķ־ˡ
׿Цŵû£ˣһΪжأ
쵰
˹˳Ϊһһ߶ûдļһﳰҲֻԼܹˡ
˿̷ŭҪףǱһԵƤ˹ǳˡ
Ϊ˶˹˿̵ıЩˣƤ˹Ѿڻûأαأ  ڼҲٰ˼Ҽ仰ŪıQһôһأ
ֵֶˣϣܹӮǣ
Ƥ˹дһ˿ƣ÷һҲܲˣҪӮ˸á
˵ĻǾͼ  һõĻǵʱĵĲôġ
ĿֻһǾõϻױƷ䷽
һ߶Ȼһˣ㽫һ̶棡
  ˱Ȼ£Ǹ˹ѧġ
ȥƺǳţ
أ
ױȻֱ֮ӾԼе˻Ÿ߶
ɫĸ߶ڿлһĻߣCķ򼲳۶ȥ  ˹Ƥ˹ǵɴ۾ǰһУΪǾһжôķӵġ
Ȼʵˣ
ǳ۾һĳCķֱӷ˹ȥھCжʮ׵ĵطŵһεء
˼ײ֮Ǹ߶ſʼļ٣  CķߣƶٶԽԽ붴ԽԽ
ڣ  򼴽ҪִﵽCڵһ˲䣬ͣסˣ
ʮֵľ룬һĻһ߶ˣȻܹıֱ֣˴۾
ְҵԱҪӵľ磬ǿҲǷǳѣ
Ͳʮ֣׾ͽҪһʷˣ
һ˽Ļţܴһˣٶͨ˵  ܼ
׵仰һ˹һԵƤ˹ѪСӵҲ̫һɣ
ֶƯ㰴ͲסԼļ
ղһΪֶ߶ʵӺܶϸֶĶԸ߶򲢲˽⡣
Ϊ߶ÿһλ֮ǰҪע۲һЩĶ
ƺô򵥵Ļ£ȻͿʼˡ
ľǷоһִ漣ĸо  ɵģɵģ漣仰ûһҵĸ첲˦ˡ
Ŀ˿Զڵλãʵȫһ˽ġ
ûҪҲһξ͸˵ĺŰɣ
ǿͣCĶǰɼ˹Ƥ˹ѾǱ߻ˣ  ֶȥȥɣֻҪȥǾӮˣٺһЦ
ˣһˣ
Ƥ˹ЩȻ˵ԭΪȵӮ˵Ķû뵽Ȼ۶ӣܲô  ŶҲӮˣ
˷ܵĻ˻֣оһļû뵽ֶȻôĺá
ˣǼڶְɡƤ˹΢΢һЦֶ֪᲻ôõأ
ڶ֣֮ǰҸȵʱһֶʤôֶͱ˵ڶأʲô򣿡ŭĿƤ˹Ҫ֪ⶫɲÿһζôõİ  ׿˿Ƥ˹Ƥ˹䲻ĻҿûбԵıҪˣ
ߣʤѣֶôãѾӮһˣ˰ɣ
£һĲ֪ôдأ΢΢һЦʤʤҵǾ߶ͦģҷǳļ򵥰
򵥣ҵҪ᲻һֱôĺã
˹׵ĻоһѪһﻹ֪ܰ
ΪԼһ־ţˣ
ⶫһУδζĻǾͲʵˡ
ֶȻˬ֮ˣƤ˹΢΢һЦ
ڱ֮ǰҾûӺŮȽϵĺãӮˣߣȻΣ
Ҳ֪ͬʱߵĿԼûУҲûдߣ  ֮Ҫ÷¡أڲǸǿθѣ
ȫû⣡
Ƥ˹΢΢һЦֻҪײߣ㱾һп޵˶ѣ
㿴ҪԼʣҲŵøϽֶʹð
˵ˣľǲΪıģߣҪôķϻ
׿ĵУǰֶԲ̬ȶӣڱԼ
Ķ³ôܹأ




981һ˽ˣ
 

ʤ  Ƥ˹޳һŭûа취Ʊǿ
Ƥ˹УһҲðձ˵Ĺ
ܿ죬޶ѾǱߣ  Ƥ˹΢΢һЦֶӮΣǶӺӣһܷġ
˸֥飬˸ϣ  ֶֺΪأ˵ˣԼҲûκε塣
Ե˳ˮˣֻҪ˿׵죬µòϻױƷ䷽
׿Ƥ˹΢΢ͷҵΨһһϢ
ǻԥʲôʼɣ
Ƥ˹ףڵĵóܽΣҪûпˡ
˿ǼϲֵǣϲǲôԼźѾǰȫˡ
ǵǣֶΪ˾Լһˣ׼ȡˡ
ԼѲֵֶô
ֶԼʵ̫ͨˣ֮ǰӲ˼ܼʮڡ
˼Ե±Թоһ
㱧ԼŮдһ˿ỨֶҸһߣ
˵㣬ܰʲôæôΣ׿΢΢һЦȥ̻֮عˣҾͲҪ㵣ˡ
İǻúõĶԴֶġֶӮˣԶٷȻͻߵġ
Ƥ˹һЦνһٷ֪һˡ
׵ҲǲΪȻ˵Ƥ˹˵ÿͣôܲأ
ʵƤ˹ҲŵЩͷˣôҲͲ룬˼ҶԼϳˣô˵ĵأ  㲻ȭͷ֮߬Ѿ˵һеˣ  ϣܹӮ±ܹȫĳȻҲ֪ʵǱȽϵС
˹Ƥ˹ѾȲҪˣ
ߣ˹ϣһεıܹ⣬ҪǲˣӦ֪Ƥ˹Ƣģ
Ƥ˹˹ɾûôĿˣЩνʲôҲһ㣡  ˹ȻҲ֪ԼƤ˹ŲŵĹӸǰ㲻ʲô
Ҳ΢΢һԼʵǷǳŵģ֮ǰöѣ
ڶʽʼ  Ȼ˹һû׵ĸţķӵҲġ
С  ˹׼˶ĸ˱˱ڱ׼һˣ  ɼ㲻رĺãҲʵˡ
Ƥ˹һεҲǱȽϵ⣬ĸ˽ǰһˡ
ϾһٺãҲÿһζİɣ
г˵֮ɫ׵ֶͣ
ʵҲֶ֪Ҳÿһζôĺõģ֮лȼһ˿ϣ
ϾղֶɫķѾӮһˣ  ׵νЦЦû£һǱȽϵĺã
Ƥ˹΢΢һЦĿԴ
ܿ죬һ׼  أ  һηĻԼĸ߶ˣɫĸ߶һڿѤһĻߣ  һ׼ȷڸղǵصĵطĳCķQȥ
Բۡ
Ƥ˹۾ֱˣһѲһصĸֲɣ
Ƕֱһ׼ְҵѡְ  Σͬһϣ˷ӣֱıְ
ɫɫĲƤţٶԽԽҲԽԽӽCڡ
˹˿ԼĭоԼǧֻĲڶ
һѲô첻ɣ
ţһ˵Щʱ㲻Ҳûа취ģ  Űɫû붴ڣʧɫĲƺϣ
һ˽
ֱӽCڣȻȥкܴɷ֣ɱ  ڲȷûԶʤߣ  Ǹ߶ıǳڵһֵģҵѡսʤְҵѡֵҲǱȱȽǵġ
ҵ찡
˹۾ɵϴסԼ۾оԼ۾⣡
һԵƤ˹ıѾˣҲǴ͵ĿǰһУ    һﾹȻְֱҵѡҲֻǧ֮һĸʵһ˽  ӮѾûκεˣ  ׿Ƥ˹΢΢һЦڿԷҵ˰ɣ
˿һԼ඼ĳˣΪ÷¡ĵϵĻ¶Ҫ˷ܵˡ
ڵڿԼǲ˫֣֤Ƕôļ
ߡ
Ƥ˹ӻ֣ļѾǽ޶˳ȥĳϣ
ߣƤ˹֪ǾԲߵġ
ȡŪ˸ʲô߶û뵽˹Ȼˡ
˹˿Ƥ˹Щε˵Ƥ˹ҡ̫ˣ
ҹ
Ƥ˹ŭ˵һԵ˹Ҳŵˡ
˿̣ҲʣƤ˹˴۵С۵ĿŶԷˡ




982ĵĲУˣ
 

߶ڣ
Ƥ˹ףɫһεĻָƽ  ĵĲУֻˣ
÷¡ܲ˭Ҫȥ¶һ׵飡
׿Ƥ˹ЦŵƤ˹һڵһأǮҲ뿪ˡ
һ𣿡Ƥ˹һЦֶƺЩǮǿãǻûô׻˰
ƷƷ÷¡üļ壬ôƷûаɣ
׵дһ˿˿ĳ֮ɫҲ֪Ƥ˹ԸǾԲܸԼһġ
ǵˣΨһĿĿ¾ҪԼϻױƷ䷽
Ƥ˹ֶϣܹԼڵĴΨóϻױƷ䷽ܹл·㲻óϻױƷ䷽ҵǻһ
ǺǣһҲһĲɣ
ЦһһܱʲôƨȻǲܵġ
Ƥ˹ٺһЦֶʵǮȣ㲻ʲôҵİ칫һ㶨õĺֻͬҪҶǩ֣һоOKˣ
Ƥ˹ҵĹ˾תøɣϲɰǲҵϣ÷¡ҲԹа
׿Ƥ˹¶һ˿мЦݣһﻹǲҪ㰡
ôĻ׻Ƶĺҵô
ʵƤ˹һҲգϾ׽飬һ嶯ȥ׽ˣʱһ֪ǻᱻġ
Ƥ˹ȴΪȻԼҲ㲻飬ʱԼŲ  ׽׽ĹأĹأ
˿׽ ȴܹΥĹ
ԼѰȥѹ׽ˣһĵĹء
ǵĶսҲ׽׽ģġ
Ȼû˴ȥ׽֣Щֶǻص˭ԸȥöԷɣ  ˲ϲҲˣܹúõĹͨĻҾǻе̸Ĳ𣿡Ƥ˹Цʵ
ֱ˵ɣ׿Ƥ˹Цһ
Ƥ˹Ĵָʹ죬ҾϲֶôʹˡֻҪٷ֮ʮĹɷݾˡʣµİٷ֮ʮĹɷݣһġ
Ƥ˹θ̫ˣң֪ô׵кȻ
ԭĴ㲻һ˿̵Ƥ˹оԼ˱ѩһ㣡  һ£û뵽ԼȻһ׽˸ŵˣ˰
쵰ֵģҪŲҷַȥϵۡƤ˹ŭһ
ǿɲϵۣҪǼϵ۵ĻҲӦȥϵۣƤ˹ҵ˻ûлŵģҲģ
׵͸һɺ⣬Ƥ˹ŴҪϼء
ҲûбҪˣȨţһƤ˹ֵĻҪԵľ÷¡壡
ǲ֪ߵغ񣡾Ȼвү
Ƥ˹ΪԼղű׸ˣоһĶˣڿ׾Ȼôţ棬Ҳˣ  һǲǸɵӰҲԼڵ˭ĵϣ  һһȶֵĻǵʱȨɾǵˡ
÷¡ļؿһһģǵȴһȶ֡
䣡
׿Ƥ˹оһ룡
ֱһȭƤ˹׸˳ȥҲһȭ÷¡λ֣  Ƥ˹ү
źɫӿƤ˹ȻһȭĻȥҲһ  ʵ׾ȻʱͷΧźüɵѾǶԼˡ
ֻҪ֣˾ǲܿó׵˻ߵġ
ȻˣһεĶ֣׵ȷǴһЩ  ϾûҲûа취飡
Ƥ˹үȥˣϽ渱峤ˣһֱ
һʺɫĺɫ磬ͷñӣȥɭĺܡ
ϸĻ˵ݣ
׻ߣ
Ǹɫӻ̧ͷ͸һ֮ɫƺǰܹʱصǰСӣ  ׿źɫЦŵԸķ䣬÷¡ƷȻܲȻǲãǿɾ͹ֲˡ
һҿ컹ǲͬϬҰһﶤʮּϽ÷¡аɡ
Ǻɫ¶һ˿аЦݣǶڽ̲ˣȻǲþߣͨʹһǰǶǸһȵġ
δ䣬ӰѾǳ׵ķֱ˶һѾǼ죡




983ͷ֪
 

ȷׯ԰  Ƥ˹˹ôҲû뵽׾Ȼ˵  һ棬ͽԼĲһȥ  ԭΪһһͨͨˣû뵽ȻҲߣʵ񻹲ӣ
𱣻ļλ̺һλ´ѾȫΧˮйͨ  Ƥ˹ʱһԵһλ´̸
λ´˹֮Ƥ˹Ū˵Ļһ춼һܹѵĹ  ˹̣⡭һ׻Ƶߣ
Ƥ˹ҲŵЩµĿһԵ˹̣Ϊʮʹ˹ս൱ǿġ
үõģ׻ܵʹһĵȻүǵӹʵİ
˹ѾΧŵףҲ͸һĹâ
Ƥ˹һ˹ĻľһŶļ̵ǣ˹̣ҰСɱˣ
ΪЧͣƤ˹ү
˹Ϲһ˿ԥƤ˹
ʲôлֱ˵Ƥ˹˹Цŵ
˹Ƥ˹ү˵ֻ÷¡壬ⲻүȡױƷ䷽ĺû𣿺βȡ
Ҳǰ˹ǣһϻҪĶأһǶƳױƷΪĸȤ
Ƥ˹һ뵽⻯ױƷʱһε˷
˵ʵǰױƷͷǳĳԣ֮оױƷԣ
ΪһߣȻױƷʲôɡ
ܵģ  Ƥ˹ھҪܸܲܰҿ
ץƤ˹
Ѿǳ׵ķ˹ȥ  ಣ
һɽƺʶ˲׵У
һһսһ㣬Ⱥ֮У  װĻͦᡭƤ˹Щм˵
ݣ  ĵɫӰҺһ㳯׵ֱ˶ȥǵһ
˿̣
ΪģΧһɱŰ˲䣬ſڽɫӰûˣ  ࣡
Ƥ˹ĺһǰĳоһĲ
ԭ׼ȥ׵ļˣƺôɢڿһ㣬ǵһЩɫƬ֮⣬ƺҲҲκεĴڸУ
һԵ˹ԭѾѶһ׼ɵһﾹȻֱӳλ̵Ľ˲䷴ɱˣ  ˹ӱ֮Ƥ˹ҲǺò˶٣Ҫһƺôף
һ˲ɱλ̣ǿֶЩоǰ֮ʵĲ
׿˿Ƥ˹˹ߵƾǼ÷ҲҪɱңߡ
áǿ㡭㵽˭
˹һǳɵĶŵڵ˵ЩͰ͵ˡ
ȻѹҲû뵽׻߾Ȼ˵  壡  ׵ĳ־һǿ尡
һԵƤ˹£Ҫ֪÷¡ܲĸ档
һһһҪսԼļȨ  ıһóѵĻôԺ÷¡ʹһ廹Ц  ο˲֪Ƥ˹֪ģ÷¡λþߣ  ڽ̲ʮλþУ÷¡ռȻǲǿļ壬Ҳĵģ  ÷¡ϺͽǾԲһ׻µġ
ǰһﵱλþߵ棬նɱλ̣ѾǷ
ΪܵҸ㣬Բܣ
Ƥ˹÷¡ף͸һӵɱ֮һܹ÷¡߳ȥǲһЦء
һԵ˹Щŵ˵Ƥ˹ү˵ɡ
Ƥ˹΢΢һЦ˹̣ĵô֮СأιСӣҪڿ¶ûˣ
ڣڣͻף÷¡ѡԣǾһ磡
װȻվߣ˿ϢѾǱޱȵǿ
÷¡ȷźܶĸ֣ղѾ֪ˣأ  Ǵ򲻹ҪԼҲǾ޿ܵ飡  ಣ
һͯһӰ׵ԣʱҲˡ
ľ棬һǾӦģǿɾͲһˡ
ǿս÷¡ʧصġ
󣬶ĴսһεĿһѾ׵ĿǷΧ֮ˡ
ʦ磬һһֱţƺģɱ˵ɡ鿴һֱƱ߶߶Ƥ˹ҲЩͷ˵
һﶼҪɱҵģͶұ
΢΢ЦһŨҵɱѾֱ˶ȥ֮ıһɼΪǿĽ




984÷¡ĸ
 

Ű
˹Ƥ˹ôҲû뵽һﾹȻ˵־Ͷ֣һĻضûУ
ҪһȸˣϾ֪Լݣ
ɲ뵽ʱôʹһɱ쵽ϼŵҡ
ҪһҪԼĻԺҲȥ̫幬Լ
ȻһƬ̫ƽ׾Լͽˮ˵ˡ
һ˺
˹һλ´̣Ȼ׸ɱˣһԵƤ˹Ǿ͸ӵûеˡ
ʵնɱЩ˸Ǹвһ㣡  鿴Цŵˣ
ಣ  ǿӰ׺ĸǰһ˵бһĺâ  Ƥ˹
˵˾Ƥ˹үүҲ÷¡ĸ峤ֿ÷¡վֿ÷¡Աߵ÷¡һλ峤ղ˹÷¡
˿ɶ÷¡ĸ峤ڽ̲ĲþߣλȨأ
ֻֿ÷¡ôҲû뵽ԼӾȻڱȷׯ԰
ֿ˺ղ˹һֱæ׽鼸ôܡ
ǸղǼΪǿѹҲܰĿ׽ߣ  ǵֿ˷ӦʱԼΨһƤ˹÷¡Ѿ׵ʧˣ
ˣ
ԼΨһӾôˣֿ˴˿ŭ죡
һԵղ˹ֿ˵ֿˣӦþǶ֣
ǵʲôˣΪʲôҪɱҵӣ׻ߣߣֿȻŭûʧȥǡ
Ƥ˹ɲһ ǰʵǿߣǾȻҶԴ÷¡ܲ
֪˾Բడ  ׿ֿ˵һССʹð
㡭׻ߣղ˹ֿԵüͷøˡ
˵ʵʹһΪɵʵǶ׻ߣʲôߺǸУ  ̫幬׳
̫幬ֿ˺ղ˹ȻûֱӲ붫ĴսҲĻ֮һ
̫幬  ˵ʵǻûţڡ̫֮ĳţǵĲ١
ֿЦһˡҹªţһûţ
ûûйϵΪҲҪ֪ˣ÷¡Ҿ̫幬³ֻһǾ塭
׵Χռһļ޵תſռе
սƺһ  ÷¡壿Ȼʵǿȴ̫峤ˡ
ղ˹¶һ˿ɭЦݣ
в֪ʲôʱһһĶܿһɹ֮עȥ֮ǵƷҫ۵Ĺâ
ԸһﻹҪͶ峤һӣ
ֿ˿ղ˹Ȼʵûа׷С
ղ˹ֿ˵һһҪ÷¡УΪ÷¡Ϻͽ
׺Ҳż÷¡һλǿߣȻܹǿϵǿߡ
ЩССϺǾˣ  ȷׯ԰һռƺ˺˿ֿ˺ղ˹ٶȥ׺ҲǸ˽һռ֮У  ÷¡ܲܲ
ȻҲ֪ˣԵǵռ˺ѵʱһҲûиоȣ  һƬĿռ֮У÷¡ܲȻ룡  ˵ʵһ£Ҳǲҷ׻Ƶ߽ģһžԵģ  ÷¡ܲ͵ĹųǱһ㣬ʵϺͶʹһܲûжǵķƺǲġ
׺һƬʱǷΧҲΧ÷¡ˡ
Ϊ׵ǸӦþǴ˵÷¡峤ˣ  ֿ˺ղ˹Ǹ߸ϵӣǵϥ¹ֿˡղ˹ݼ峤ˣ峤ҵ
׺黥һۣǰһӦѾﵽڵˮ׼۷ˮƽ
ȥӦŬĳ龳ڣ  ߣʲôʦڣƵıǿжһĽߡ
֮ڿڣǹӵƿȥ൱Ļˡ
˱÷¡峤÷¡  ÷¡ڳʮʹĺڣһɹôоԼлᳯ׼ʮʹĿˡ
Ҳ˵лʹ磬ôܹأ
ɾԼĹؼڣղ˹ķһźţȼźŴŵļ  ÷¡ûа취ֻܹնԼôˣ  ɵ׺һʱЩŭˣ
׻Ƶߣôأ߻λþ߰бҪԼ  Ų÷¡ŭӣֿ˺ղ˹ҲŵЩҴ
ɭϵĵȼƶȣǶ峤˾η֮ģ




985Ӳ
 

÷¡ܲ
峤ķŭֿ˺ղ˹ЩϾǴ峤
Ҫ֪峤ڽ̲֮һȻͬΪڽ̲ĲþߣǳϵȨϣ
ټ÷¡峤ֿ˺ղ˹ɪɪ  峤ˣ׻նɱҵˣµƤ˹ѾڴУ˵Ҫ
ֿ˸˵ʱû˸˵̹ȻȥǽС΢ĸо  һôѲĹزɣҪһδսô
Ķף׷УȻˣһԵ͸̸ˡ
ΪһĿʵ̫С̫Сˣ֪׿ɱһĴڣ
ֿ˳峤ˣһ˵Ҫ÷¡һ塭
÷¡һ壿Բѣ
ӰѾʧԭλã˲׵ͷ֮һɱֱ֮£
һҪֶѹ׺飡  ղһﾹȻҪ÷¡һʱ׵ķŭˡ
ǵ궫սʱҲûм˭˵÷¡һ塣
Ҫ֪÷¡һһλþߣڽ̲֮һǰСӻǸҴ  䣡
ռ𶯲ѣ  һƺѾǳֱӳŲķӲ˹ȥ
ӲӲ  ţˣһﾹȻҸ峤ӲӲ
ֿ˺ղ˹Ƕ¶˳һ˿Ĳм÷¡嶼һֵӣ  һﾹȻҸ峤ӲӲֱ
˵׻߶൱ţ˰ֻЩ˸ɵһ㣡
Сӿ»ᱻ峤ĳҲ˵أ
Ҳ˵÷¡һ壬˵ȥӶˣ׻ڶô֪𣿡
µ˿׳𣬳ŲķӭͷϣҲ¶һ˿˿мЦݡ
̫ſˣ峤ʵ֪
ʮʹһܹ˵
Ƕò峤ĳǼֱǴСðֿ˸峤ղ˹峤֣ҲҪˡ
ǲ֪Ϊʲôֿ˸峤ղ˹峤Ĳ峤ѡ
¡¡
ԣǵ֮䣬һԪΪģѰ˼˿
ԭΧ۵ˣӲıһ˸ȴ֮Զ
һЩʵ΢ߣѾǱĿѪȥǱ֮  ⡭һﾹȻܹ峤Ӳֲá
ֿԭΪһ￴ȥҲͺԼ࣬ԼأҪΪ峤ߵĻͳˡ
һԵղ˹Ҳʿˮҿҿ峤ˣһʵǿ
ԭΪһ϶ҪһҲҪķһˡ
峤ҲʱʼˣϾôʱ䲻֣ºܶ˶Ѿ峤ˡ
Ȼû뵽ǣǰȥЩ꣬ȻӲԼһ  ȻһûþȫҲǷ˰˾ųɵĹ
һ  ˵ǰ֮˵ʵٸԼ̫࣬һɵĿԼɫˢһ¾
㡭㵽˭˿Ҳһ𾪵Ŀס
΢΢һЦҲظڶ飬֪
峤ˣ˵׻̫幬̵ֿ֣
˿׳÷¡ƺ׻ûκεĹϸɣԴӵڶζս֮ҵȾˮˮһ÷¡壬նɱˣʲô˼
ʱҲˣΪסǰ˵ĻAûܹסˡ
ȻɱˣôҪȨˣ
һУòѾʵҲԭһĴսһεĻص̨ˡ
ǾˮˮһƤ˹ļһɱҶ죬ҲΪԱѣ
⻰˵øûʲôˣƤ˹ӻܹв  Ҳûо˵ʲô飬ϾҪԼ׽Ĳҵͽ
Ƥ˹ֿ˵ӣתͷ˿ֿˣֿ˳峤ˣҲ֪ҵʵ΢ôܡ
ߣôܣΪˣҲѭĹ򡣿ȴΪһͨˡô˵ŶȾ͸ˡ
Ƥ˹ΪǸû뵽˼Ҳĳ֡
ֿˣӵ׻ĸ֣๼
ܿĸ鶨ˣֿ˵ɫ鴤һʵѾˡ
ʵϣ˼磬A磬Ҳֻôһǿļ壬ĿɶŷǱߡ
һͻȱ㲻˼ȻҲ֪жأ




986նֿˡ÷¡
 

÷¡ܲ
͸һӵľڷƵף
̫幬  һɱǵܲԾƣ  ʱȫǿȥ׻ֻظ
ȴʱλû˵ʲô̫幬Ӳ
ղǿһ  Ѿ˴˵ʵ˸ԼǲಮٵģпܳԼһ
þӲҪӲӲĻǾûκġ
ν˫ȭѵ֣ô򵥵ĵѲɲ
ûгԹ⻹ûм׻ʲôȻġ
ⶫսŹȥʱ䣬˾Ƿչܹչʲô̶أ
Ȼڵ׻һѸٵٶ𣬿ȴǼɵʹһġ
Ҫ˵ڽ̲ˣ˵׻Ϊµľڽ̲ˣΪ֮ҵģ
峤ˣƤ˹๼ȴһٶ÷¡壬ѲɲӦ𣿡
ֿ˸˼ܹնɱ׻ƵĳǿԸ
ֻնɱ˰һӳȥĻԺǸ
ԸһʵǿţҲԸһλǿߡ
ѲҪΪЩ˱ݻȻǲܵ飡  ׿ֿЦһ峤Ҫúø̸еģƺ̫ԸⰡ顭
ʦ硭
оһֵ֪Ļˣ  Ҫɱңұ֮Цһͷ
ֿ˿СȻԼķ˹ҲһĲ졣
ղǼûע⵽СǰλȻҪСնɱԼ
ΰ  ֿ˸оԼ˿ˣЩ÷¡ˣǷһϷʵЦ˿ζܰ
Сӣ
ֿܲЩ˵ŭһѾǳķ򹥻
ûֹΪҲҪ˵ܹʹʲô۶ӳ
û뵽ⱲӶǣ
ݣ
һɫʧֿӭķȥ  һǿʾǿ  ĽӰ˿Ѿǽֿ˸Űסռг۵۵Ľײ  ʥʹ
ռ֮Уһɫâγһɫ⽣ɢһȵϢ
ֿ˷ŭ֮ǽȴ֣ԼǱһ
ս룡  ĽԽԽǿɫҲ֮ʼת
ԭƾе˫ʤƽʼĳķбˡ
أ
ѵ˿ٿֿеʹ֮ȻϳĽأ
ֿ˵ҲѪע
ʲôֿ˸峤ǡ
һԵղ˹峤ֿ˵ӣ亹
ԭΪֿ˴򲻹ҲʲôΣգһ̣ƺоֿ˵Ĺ֮ɢ  ʧȥװҲ˵ֿӦǱǰСһնɱˣ  ಣ
Ѿǻص׵ߣ·ʲô鶼ûзһ㣡  ֿˣλڽ̲ĲþߣһѾþߵϳˣ
䣡
λֿ˵Ǳڵһ㣬˲ը˿  ûκεף÷¡ĵĺǿֿˣѾǳ׵Ĵ÷¡İͼĨȥ
ž
ԭӵһƬž˵϶ǳֳһĨȻ֮ɫҲˣ
ôҲû뵽ǸСȻ龳ĸ֣ҿǳֵӣǱԼҪǿ  Լֿˣ̶̼֮ڵʱ䣬Ҳ޿˲̵նɱ  Сˣҿȥɫɣƺǲϴ֮һ㣡  㡭ǵҵűնɱ÷¡ĸ峤֪ôĺô
ͷۻ÷¡ĺսô׵ˣ
ʵղлᲹȵģûôȥΪСֿ˵Ķ֡
ϧǣˣ쳣ף
˲նɱֿˣ˿ûκεĹ˼ɣԭƽģȻ
Ѿ˵ˣ˲Ҳˣɱңұɱ֮峤˵е𣿡
ʼմһ˿΢ЦղնɱĿʮʹʹһΪս
һﾹȻܹ˵ƽˮҲһĺ⡣
˴򵽼ſˣȴоһΪǶ˶Ѽˡ
׳ĪǾ÷¡۸ɣ㵽ô
ٺ٣ô˵÷¡ڶսʱ˲ٵĺöҪȻȥιһ£
ԭû뵽ʲôһ
ĶսӶ̫̫Դ




987һԲϾͶ
 

㡭ʲô
Щ鴤ձɱһĸ峤СӾȻҪǼҵı
ֱ̫
ʹһ峬壬Ȼ˸ɱЩȥ׻޵ζ
Цһ峤Ը⣬ֵֻ¼ˣ
׵ƶȻһһֿ֮ڵһεķ˷츲صı仯
֪ҶģΪ䲻  ײһǴ򲻹ܣɲԼϳ  ˵ʵϳԼǸġ
ѵĵ²Ҳǰû֣  峤ˣǡ
ղ˹ڶ˵ҪɱǵĻΪղԼĺֵֿ˾˵ôһ䣬ʬ嶼Ҳˡ
Ҫ˵˵Ļ½Ҳõʲôطȥ  һҪǼı޿ܣ
ʦ磬ȻǲĻǾԼȥȡɡ
ûжֱӾͶ
û뵽˾Ȼ̸̸ҲһľţΪ֪˵ʲôͷ  䣡
ս˲䱬ƺûκεͷ
һԲϾͶ֣  ĵ  ÷¡Ĺ㳡룬ԭļžѾƣȡ֮һĻҡ
䣡
ֱһղ˹ڵλãף  ղ˹зһҲವһ¾ˡ
һֱӳղ˹׷ȥŵղ˹ͷܸжң
һٶҲǿԵģһܵܲ棬ʧ
Ҫʱ˭ʲôҫ  ղ˹磬ʱֻ֪סˣһвпܡ
ǳΪʹǰСһĵꡣ
ֿһڿѾȥðûˣ  ʥⱬѣ  һŰɫĹڲ߱ѿ  ֱӳ˦һɱûмʹһʲôС
ˣһҲЩ
ʥⱬѵǿԣռƺһְâ֮У  ׵ʶ쳣ǿѾ˲  ˣõ峤ƺҲ̫ûгϢ˰ɣ
׿ŲӰѾһţҲװȥ׷һʵһιҲΪҪ÷¡֣  ʣµ֪ĸ峤ɾˣ
ƺӦ˲ʥⱬѣҲǼҴҵĸ˳ǿ׻Ķ÷¡֡
֪峤ղ˹峤ѾʮΪˣ  ɵֱӳ׿񹥶ȥ
ǿ֪ˣ˼׺˵³ҲǸֿһ  ÷¡徭һѣһ֣֮÷¡˿ֻš
Ե˼ǳ˹ȥ
һͻᱻ˼Ҹ̻ˣ׺Ҳɱ˿ħЩǻûпۣ  ӵʱڣԭַǷ÷¡弸ɢһ㣡  ղ˹ûа취ܣΪԼʲô˳ּΪĺ  ټϲԼҲԷ·Ƶǣ˸ôʲô̸УֱӾͶˡ
һض
ĻᶼûУͳŷڽ̲λÿ񱼶ȥ
ղ˹ӳȥĲҲһֻҪþǶţ÷¡ϣ
û뿪ãͷλ峤Ϣʧֿ˵һޣ  ̫幬ҪǸصĴۣ
˵ΧǴˮ纣Хһ𣬷·˵Ųķŭ  峤ˡ
ղ˹ʵǰ棬ǵܵ˺峤Ϣ֮ҲһεĻͷ
ڿУɫʮֵ
ղ˹÷¡Ĳþ߾ʣˣ÷¡ղ˹ȵ
峤ˣ׻̫ɡ̫幬֮ǰû˵ʵ̫ˡ
ղ˹Щµ˵÷¡֮ͱ˱˵ˡ
˵ȥ±˶Ű  ʵ÷¡֣׺ȻҲһվֻҪϵõĻǻҲֻܹȥˡ
ϾڵʵҪͬʱԸʵЩס
ɲղ˹Ǳǿնɱֿ˵ĳסˣղ˹˼˼ֱӾˣ
Ҳǿղ˹ˣ׺˵Ȧףֱˣ
ɽڲûգ
ղ˹һز׻ƵһĴսҪ֮أ̫幬Ǿ͵ʹһĿ籩ɣ
峤ˣ
ǱӴţǱ
ڽ̲ĳϺͲþߣһ֮֮ϵˣȻ׻߸ѣԼѶûˡ
÷¡屦еЩöòٵĳӶˣ
˿̵׺ѹҲûдȥ׷һΪ׿Ҫ¶ˣһͷ




988
 

÷¡壡
÷¡ܲȥΪΪ׺ˣûκ÷¡屾˴ڣ
Щ˿λʮʹϤնɱڹ㳡֮ϣҲŵñͷܣ
һʼĿ𣬵ڵƵҲ˲һʱ䡣
ƺмϢоЩ˰
׿Ȼ־滹һɼϢ
ʶҪǿһЩ΢΢һЦ׻ߺʹһ߶УһϾʦ磬ȥʲôȥҺö
ͽȥ˰ɣˣҲ˵  ʵ÷¡ռνЩ׻ǲ̫ϣҸͷǳƤѣ
˿̵ףǹӵϢҲǳ񱼶ȥ
÷¡ĵ֮У  κ֮ǰɭļһģһĲ֣׿ǰεӣҲò̾һ£ֻҪȥһңطָܹˡ
ܿ죬ױ÷¡ĵ棡
һɭֲɢռ֮УʪĻطȥǳĹ죡  ׵˫һӣ  ΧĻѼͬʱ˲ģӳ׵
˭
÷¡ĵ֮УֻѺˣʹһģһ׻Ƶߣ
ʻ˲׻ƵߣȻŅ̀ͷ׵ʱҲЩ֡
Ϊ֪Ϊʲô߻һ׻ߣΪϣֻһάǵ档
ﻹйȥ˵أ  ЩҲ֪ģǵѾ֧ȥ֪ˡ
ǰǽ𷢱ۣһݵĽŮ΢΢һЦһ˭أ
λСֵܣ׻ߣǸ׻߿֮ǷԼȥЩ  ̫幬ףҽܵȥҲǰĺܡ
̫幬
˼ͬʱüƺǶûš
ôңǲ֪Ҳʼ
࣬Բ𣡣
ԲҲҽܣΪ׿϶֪ŵġ
׿ԲҲһã˵Բûҽһ£Ҳôġ
ڲԲҲ΢΢ҡͷһζսʱ÷¡ץѾȥһʮʱˡ
ǰǸʲôģʵ
Ǻǣǵڵ޷ǰ֮󣬾һ겻񣡣Ҳ֪ڵ˰Բһ̾Ϣ˵
΢΢һЦԭԲʧʧ
ѣ֪ΪλطԲЩƵʵ
Ҫ˵÷¡壬Ųţ׿ԲЦʵ
ܣ
Բû˵һԵǸ𷢱۵ŮѾ΢΢ҡͷŮ˿ȥһʥģͦ˵ġ
Բλǣ׿Ů˺һԵҲǲмʵ
ʹһ壬˵ʵûʲôøУ  Ͼʹһ׻ĴݲУǾǺŵģԶԶνĶĴսҪпĶࡣ
νĵһζս͵ڶζսֻ׻Ϊ˺ ʹһҲϿˡ
ʵϣʹһȫ׻磬һпʵ
ǽɽв˳ССѾΪһۣϲɺأֻ÷¡ʵһ֪ģӵĵλʮʹǿߣ峤һս֮ʱѾʮ۷ʵӦͻƵ˰ɡ
Բ˵ô࣬ʵҪ˼ֻһǾ˵Ļ
÷¡ǿ󣬸½һôأԲԱߣһλ߽׵ӣҲ΢΢ҡͷ
ԱߵĽ𷢱۵ŮЦ궫ս׻߳ż֮ʤĪҲǵĺ󳾰ɣ
ԲףҲǱһâƺٵ˷ǳķŭ  ׿ǽ𷢱۵Ů÷¡壿»䣡ҪڸŵĻŲھɱ㣿

ԲһҪնɱŮˣ̳
Բˣı죬ĪߴˣЩк֮ͬ˲ͬİɣ
׿Բʵ
ҲҲҵ飬Щк֮˴лݿʥŮΪֹʹһһַ׻磬ԸⶫĳԹҲӦ׻Ķˡ׻ƶǻ鰡
Բĳ˵
üŶݿʥŮȻΪʥŮΪαģʥŮĵλƺܸ߰ɣ
˵ˡ
ԲҲ΢΢һ̾ʵݿʥŮѺˣû뵽




989ͻơ
 

վ÷¡ĵ֮У  һ⣬ⶫս֮ʹһļһǶϲһЩָ  ȻˣӦҪշԲĳ֣  Բ龳۷״̬ĻﵽڶûпԵġ
һ÷¡շԲĻ֪Ǻܿս飡  ֻɹһĻ÷¡ҲʵٵһΡ
߽ݾķɲĳһϲã֮ǰĸɭѺˮʱʵҲ  ֻЩ˹ӲЩ˵Ĺƻ
ȻˣȻвƻˣȻҲлᱻƻˡ
ֻû뵽ǰʲôݿʥŮȻΪƽϢսҶϧ  κεκεˣڶΪݵģ  ȷ˵ɡ
ʱΪʹһ벻ǵˣ
ȻˣǵʵҲν  һжƿ֮УѲɺ⼸ϵ˲ɣ
ݿʥŮһ׵ĻҲΪ𾪵Ŀס
װ뿪Ц˵˵ʥŮ£ģΪԼƺŰɣ
ݿɫһ죬˵ʵȷЩҲû˵ôĲ  ǵĻͳʥŮ֮أ
ݿʥŮԱߣǸһ̾ƺڸпŻƽȮۡ
׵һܿ˱վ˵ϣ
ȻȥЩǱ֮ƽ֮˻ҪǿܶģձҲ  öҩȷ°ɡ
ײδ˵̫࣬ͬʱ˵ҩԲûʲôɡ
һԵݿɺǸӵǳһ£Ͼ׻ǵҩĪ⡣
ⵤҩ棬ӦϺõĵҩ
Բ̷֮󣬸һȵ
ݣ
һ׵жһö룡  ԲԲ
Բ΢΢һ㶣ܿ׵Ľ֮صĴš
һĹ׵ԴԴϵ뵽Բ֮У˿ԲķԼѾѵľȻۿɼٶȻָţ  žĲ޸ԲоԼĻŸղ׸öҩǸ°빦
һԵݿʥŮǸӿЩˣֶǸûм
ԲҲǴδ羹ȻֶΣܹʱ޸ԼƵġ
Ҫ֪龳ǿ߰ͨĵҩԼ޲ˡ
ʵϣҲףҪ˵Ļ¾ûˡ
䣡
ԲоԼĵﾹȻһı֮Ҳһ  Ҳһ㶣һﾹȻҪͻˣ  ಣ
öҩֱӱԲĿУڼ  ˲䣬һɰըըһѸٵɢԲĸλ
ԭСϪʵ·բйһ㣬ϵĳԲĸŵķ۶ȥ  һʮȴԲԼҲû뵽Ч
ΪĵҩĶԲһγ϶Ҫʧܵģ  һʱʱ䣡
ݿɺλӾôĿɿڴĿԲ𲻶ϵͻң
ͻơ  ˿̵Բ𻺻վݣȴ˺ܶࡣ
л
Բ˿Ҳ֪Ӧ˵ʲôлĻˣ˼ҲԼóԼֵǵĵҩԼͻơ
ȶ飬Ϊ  ΢΢ֵԲֺأϲѡ
ԺµľˣκεҪֻܿڣԲǣ
ԲҲ˵ˣǽľȫ˼һִٳɵġ
˼ĻԼҲǱ÷¡Ǹ˶ѣ
ǵǲˣҵͦԲľ񣡡ЦŵҾ̫幬ȺǻӣҲһͳ磬֪ԲǷԸЯıҵأ
һͳ磿Բһ㶣һԵݿʥŮҲסˡ
ݿʥŮԱߵǸΪνһͳҲһͳ׻Ƶѡ
ܹµó׵ҰҪһͳأ
֪׵뷨ĻҪ°ˣƺҲǾﲻѡ
ԲԸ⣬ԵкԸ⣬Եû£ԲǷԼȻԲΪӦûǲġ
Բԥã̾һ۲ΰԣ岻ѣˣӦȻµľˣ½ףҶӦôӦġڵѡԲֻҸˡ
Բ֪ԼѾʧһʮ꣬ܶ˶ΪԼˡ
һʮʱ䣬ڸĳԼνǻȥˣ˵Ҳһˡ
׾˼Ҳ˵Լѡ
ԲһˣĲ̸ײ壬һǿԽܵġ




990½̻
 

ӭڣǵһ˵ˡ
׿˿ݿʥŮԱߵ΢΢бһµ
Բ΢΢һЦݿʥŮΪʹһ׻ƣʥŮ֮λᣬҲѾûκεȥ
ȻݿʥŮѾʹһ֮ŭΪʲôᱻطյ˵Ӧñڽ̲˸ǲ˰ɣ
ҲΪһطݿʥŮʵ˵ĺһ㣡  ʹ۷ʵѣ
ͷȴǳͶʹһһǵͬʥŮ
ֻʹһʥŮʹһʥŮûа취ȵġ
ϾʹһΪǿһʥŮʱĵλʵǽڽ̻֮µġ
֪ݿʥŮûôһĻҲڽ̲ĲþˣпܳΪεĽ̻ʡ
ݿԱߵǸ˵ʥŮ±ڽ̲Լ̣ɵʱ̷ִĲ÷¡Ȼ͵컻գʥŮ˽ԿѺ
Ϊʲôˣ˭
Щ汦һĿǸʵ
ݿʥŮ׳ҵĻ
һôҲʥŮһ飿÷¡ҰҲǲСİ׳
￴˿׵ȷģ÷¡ͼʥŮΪʹһĽ̻ʥŮС
̻׾Ŀ˿һԵݿʥŮŭһú˵
ǣʥŮ£
һʱڿ죬Ȼ̻˵˳һԵԲʵҲ֪ġ
ԲЦŵ̻˵Ǹɶ˵һǮֵ
Ҳǣʲô̻ʲôðЩĿݿɺͿʵһû˵ⶫء
ʵԲ˵Ҳԣ̻ʹһ˵һѵõıǶ˵ֵһᡭݿ΢΢һ̾˿׵Ȼ֪ĻҾ͸ɡ
Ը꣡׵Ҳй򣬷һAĿĻѾﵽˡ
ݿɳһ̻ϵĴڣҲν̻ʵ
ڸǵһˣ׿ݿʥŮʵ
ԲЦŵ˵ûʵνĴһ㣬ֻ߽̻ѣ
̻ʴһʮǰͻȻУʹһңڽ̲ûȨʮ֮ǲ״ʼصĶ½ͦΪкܶص׻õ˺ܶĺöݿɿ׵
ǵһζսʵ
ǵģһζսĸԭΪ̻ʱУ̻ʴƺԤףڱ֮ǰ̻ңݿɳ
˼һεĽ̻ˣΪĿ˿ݿʵ
˵ӦǵģʵÿһĽ̻ʶһεĽָ̻ڽ̲ȻаȨһӵн̻԰ڽ̲ĳϣ˫һǣưɡ
ݿʵڸ׽һЩҲǰԼ򵥵˵һ飬ʡһԺʡ
һʼݿʥŮеģ׾ԲףɻĴˡ
Ϊ˼ҪԲĻԲܰһκˣȻں˵İɣ
΢΢һЦ˼ǲֻҪʹһӵһЩԴĻҪλҲǲܵģ
˵ûʥŮĽ˭ҲðΣµģΪһڽ̲˶ϣʱ򲻵ʥŮ·ӣЩ¶Ҫ
鿴ȥΪƣҲǶԵģϾʥŮӵʮʹʵκ˶ҪԼλ֮飡  ݿʥŮ벻һ̻ʵ񫣿׿ݿʥŮȻЦ
̻ʣǺǣûп𣿡ݿʥŮ΢΢һ̾˵ʵʹһߣ˭ҪϽ̻֮λ
˵ģʱʹһǿԴñˡ
ݿ֪ѹҲܰ  ̻֮λһֱδΪûҵ̻𣿷ĻεĽ̻Ѿǵλˡ
ҲǸ̥Խ̻֮λһֱȱţ
÷¡Ϊʲô˴󵨵ĽݿʥŮԼ֮У  Ϊ˳տĽ̻  ݿһֱûбĥĸԭ򣬾Ϊһֱûн̻˲֪ٴˡ
ûκһǲܵģ㲻ҲҲܹ÷¡ܲЩ㲻ô֪أ
׿ݿʥŮ˼ҲĻˣݿʥŮĽ̻֮λ˳
Щʱ˳ıǿȨҪµĶ࣬Ϊܶϵľ˳




991±˿
 

÷¡֮У
ʦ磬أ
һЦݵĿףʱû˲õ
һԵԲҲһʶȻûзƿɰСͯ
ʵЩ죬ŵǣСǴʲôطðģ  飬Ҹһ°ԲѾǾ̫幬ˣЦŵ
𣿹ʦ磬滹ȱСܣҪȻһ𵱸ڳϵˣ
ĻһԵԲһڣһС֣Լ˾̫幬ҲӦǸɣ  ôܹأҪǴȥĻǱ˸Ц
˼һµҲУڳҲҪģԲΪΣ
ڳҡû⣬Ҳǻڳϣ
Բ飬оԼⱲӶȥˣȻһСƨƽƽ
һͳЩܲ˵ġ
鿴ԲԲϰһΪڳϣԺ϶ǱӰ
ӣԲһѪЦ˲Ź֣  Ҳ֪ԼûȻ˼ҰˣԼҲӦ̫幬ǻ˼˵
ֻԲи̣ȻԼԼһСƨͬΪоЩЦĳɷˡ
Щģȴûκεİ취  ˭ղŴӦĿأҪ֪̫幬˵ĲϹصĻ֮ǰҪˣ  ׿˿ԲЦŵԲϣ֪ʲôǲǾһڳЩŵ
Ȼ˵ˣҲֱ˵ˡԲ꣬ҸһڳϵĻһܹܡǡ
ԲҲǲزסµˣװѻ˵ˣҲƵ˵
СӡЩŭˣԼĺСӸԼһٹ⣬ĵˡ
һͣƣʾʱҪ˵Բ΢΢һЦԲϳǰ֪Ƿﳽˣ
ﳽ̫ϤˣҲʶﳽһҽȵûĻӦҽȵ̫ϳ˰ɣ
ԲһἰˣҲ˷쳣˵
׿ԲʵΣ
츳һζս֮ʱﳽѾ龳ĳڣںҾͲ֪ˡ
Բһʮ׻νһƬհף  ЦŵһǼﳽʱѾ龳ˡ
ȻǽˣﳽƨĺܣҪȥҽҩŴαСӾ֮⣡
ԲҲӵ龳ڵʵƺ֮ǰҪӵһЩ
龳ںڵʵǷǳģ
Ѿˣ
׿Բƺ׳һž֮һ㣬ԲĶը졣
ʲôˣӦðͱһСʵһǿôأ
ԲȫǱ׸˽࣬ƺ˵ЩĿġ
һԵݿʥŮͿ׵Ļ֮ǶǾֵĿ飡
龳ĸ֣ڵĸ֣ʹһҲһֻܹĹİɣ
λ˵ô࣬ѲǰϢֵ߳СƨѸղǸﳽ˸նɱ
ô̫񰡣
ʵ̫˼ˣһĻôǿ϶룬һﵽôİ
ǰһҽȵڣʦն䣡
һﾪǧˣ
׵ĻԲԭҪʳĻȻֹôĶ飬ľһ㣡
Ǹӡ
ݿʥŮ飬Ȼ׼ɻǱһ  ЦŵǺǣλŵĻԸдд
鿴˿ԲҪȻԣ
⡭ʱҶֳֽϡԲ˿̬Ѿ൱Ĺˡ
ﳽλ龳ǿߣȻԼնɱ˵жôǿʵ
ԭΪʲôϢķϣû뵽˼ǿӲʵԼ  ׿˵ǻǻ׻˵ɣطܸоô£飬𣿡
ʦ磬ˣҲѾƻ߰˰ˣ÷¡ܲԺǲˣ
һﲻ˼ҵĶȫˣ˼Ѷˣһնݳ
˳ž̫幬ķ״˴λؾ̫幬Ҳһʱ䣬¶ĵ




992ʥݿʥŮ
 

̫幬
쿴״ż˻ҲΪ𾪣  ΪУǾȻʶе
ԲȻ˵ǺͬʱڵǿߣȻһЩλѪսʹһ֪ġ
ݿʥŮȻ˵ˣ  ǲμӹʹһսˣʶλݿʥŮ˶һսʱʥϢ̫̫ˡ
ˣ⡭Բ
ЩԾĿԲԲʵͦϤģϾ˶ǵλʮŵ
ʵԲ𣬶Բ֮Ҳǽû
ֻԲŵһսѾսû뵽ѵĳĸǰ
ôûһֶݵĸоأ  㡭ǡ
Բʵһ̣Ҳסˣǿںպ
û뵽һﾹȻҲշھ̫幬֮УһĲ죡
ЦŵλʶˣҲͲڹĽˣ
һЦû뵽ԲϼһﾹȻš
˿оȻһ˿˿Ứһϧĸж
ԲҲһ̾һнԭҲΪһ磬û뵽ԺҪսˣ
ԲԭΪԼ˾̫幬Ҳǹ¼ҹһɿһƺȻ˺ܶ࣡  Բ⵽ô°
Բ򵥵İ˵һ飬мܹĶҪĽһ
ˣһɱ÷¡壿̫˰ɣ
ףҲһ𾪣
÷¡ʹһУǿǺպĴڣû뵽ֻһ˾Ȼɱ÷¡һܲԲݿʥŮ
ֱһδˣ
ЦŵʵҲЩԭҪ÷¡ʮʹҺĵĻҲֻܹǿֻϧ鵱ʱֵʱ˶ڿš
ҲǺٺһЦնɱһ֮ŵĿɲǸƴˣ÷¡ܲǱǸˡ
ˣ²
˵޷׿Цŵ
ͷ˵ҿȥȱˣ
ȱǺǣҪĸ׻翪սһʱҲ̫ܣЦŵһʱһţİɣ
Ҳǣȵλǳ֮ʹһҲؾǣ
һԵԲЩȵʵʹһĻһſǶס
Բϣˮڣİɣ־һͳ磬ܶĻģվҪԵĲ𣿳飬ֺαأ
״ֵ˵ʵһЩΪ֮  ȻĵѾ˿ԼЩսѾγˣʵĪ̵Ѿ̽徳кڡ
ȵĽ龳ңʱ̫幬Ҳھκˣ
Ȼ˵Ļ׵ȫ̼ƻȻҲڿʼʵʩˡ
£һѹһ  ׵սĿǰϵĵҲԽԽ࣬ѾԿģʽˡ
һͳ磿ݿʥŮһ𾪺ãȻһﵽ
Ҳ˵һͳ磬һͳ׻Ƶ磬Ѷȿ¾ǲС  ټʹһ壬Ǹֱּȳһ㣬һһżֵĶʮ֮һﲻɣ  ˼ҾǶʮһĻҲǳԲ˶ˡ
ЦŵλݿʥŮӦʶİɣ
ȻʶݿʥŮ趫սң²ʵұ֮ģֻϧ
Ļδ˵꣬˼Ҳˡ
ݿʥŮҲ΢΢׵ˣʵҵıǲԸ⿴ʹһսĴݲУ̫ɢ
׿ݿʥŮԹžдСһ˵ݿʥŮǴ壬Ȼֵ˵أ
ʵϣףʥŮǷǳĳߵģ  ΪԼͿ̿ԸȽڲΪ֮ݣ
ʣмܹȡأ  ˣݿʥŮǧҪܰĻʱͻΪʹһǵĽڣʱҵȿ⻼
ҲЩģϾһҪ磬ѹ֪ˣ  ȻǶ֪׵׳־ǵĵҲģ
΢΢ͷʱȰݿʥŮͿﻤס£ǰٺ٣ݿʥŮŽ̻ˡ
̻ҿ˵ٹһʹһн̻ʵǻ䰡
Ȼֻھ̫幬ϢȴǳͨϢҲʲôˡ
ֻ׳׽磬磬鲻̫ѣ




993½̻ʵǻϢ
 

̻ʵǻ䣿
ݿɲĿ˿û뵽Լߵһ龹Ȼ  ̻ʵǻ䣬ǿѡν̻ܹ֮еʽ  ûн̻ôܻµĽ̻ʲأ  ݿ֪Ŀǰһֱڽ̲Ϊִн̻ʵȨ
ЩϼһǻԸԼеȨ
ݿʵЩɣ״̬˿ˣôͻȻµĽ̻ðأ
ӦûϢ峤˵ġ
ˣЦʵ
˸ջ˵Ҷˣ峤ѯġ΢΢һЦһԵѾȥˡ
˭Բʶ
ڤҵºĶӣ΢΢һЦ
Բ϶ǲʶģ˵ⱱڤң»û˲ʶ  ԲӦʶºģΪǸʱºҵ峤  û뵽СѾΪ˱ڤҵ峤˰ⱱڤΣԲЦʵ
һУŵڵľֻܹ֮ӵڶˣŵ˵
峤ѲҲ̫幬˲ɣڤңԲʵ
΢΢һЦԺͻ֪ˣ
ӵӣԲھ̫幬ҲǷǳĺ棡
ôҲû뵽ƺƽ꣬Ȼܹ˶ˣĳֺĳ
ֻԲʵ̫ˣЩ̫ˣ
˷ܵĴ˽һ׾͹һֵˣ˰
ססһǱȽϲŮˣݿʥŮ˵һоͦĵģ˵ĻôоļƤء
׿Ҳǰ뿪Ц˵һԵЩƲѡ
ݿʥŮ׵Ļɫһһ㣡
׹һֵЦѣ
ʥŮʥŮݿʹһˣҲЩɻʵ
ʹһʥŮһٶǰģ㲻ʶҲЦŵ
λǡЩʶˣҲˣ
ԲЦŵƶԲξ̫幬Ļڳϣ
һ㶵Բ㡭㲻ڵǸԲɣ
ʶƶԲҲһ㶣  ǰ㲻Ѿ֮ǰһζսĴҶ˰ѪȵĶս൱ĸȤġ
ԼȥԲϰɣšЦŵ
ҲҪأ˿ҲȻ
ʰɣ̻ʵǻϢǴʲôط֪ģ׿ʵ  ڤң֮ȻϢҲǷǳͨ  Ǳڤңʵϸг֮⣬ռѶϢĲο  ʵʲôܣΪڤҵͶף
ܶϢȻҲǹˣһ»Ĳȥע̫Ķ  дµʱҲһ
̻ʵǻʵҲпģ͸˵һ£  û뵽һӾðһʥŮ̫ɺһЩ  ׵ǱڤҵϢ绹ǷǳͨģЩ紵ݶһҶ֪ġȻˣʹһϢҲһЩһ㶼Ǵ¡Ͼķѵ̫Ӵ󡭡
׵ͷҲĻ˵˵⵽ô£
̻ʵǻӦУʱ³һʲôҾͲ̫ˡεʼ
ϢԴɿ?׿ʵ
ϢԴԿɿ̻֮λȱ꣬˵Ϊһν̻еĽ̻ʧˣ˵һˡ
Ϣֻܹ֪һţ  ⲻܣ
ݿʥŮҡҡͷ̻Ҳֻһ֪ôܻ֪أ  ǲܵ飡
һԵĿҲǳǰ϶ǲܵģ̻һֱʥŮµϣôܵõأ
ϣһûע⣬ķȻ׻ƵĴ׿Ǿ󷨴ķ֮Ҳ΢΢һЦ
㡭ô֪ģ
ݿʥŮЩ֣Ϊ˶ûпóֻһû뵽׾ȻַӾͿˡ
㲻ؽţ֮ǰҲ˵ˣ̻˵ǸǶ˵ûʲôôЦŵ
ݿɵıЩͣҲĬĿף
˵ʵûеطȥˣǿʲôĻҲûκεİ취  ȥʹһ϶ǸһԼûκδ³Ϊ  ܹ׻ϢĻڵݿ˵ҲʧΪһ취




994¼Բ
 

ԭʥŮȻн̻ǸǼٵˣ
ݿɳʵȻҲһĺ棬Ȼ鲻ǵ顣
֪ǣһεA֮УѾǺʹһˣ
ԭҪΪԼļ屨ţҲ֪̻ʵǻ飬ԭҪݿеĽ̻
ǲĺƣΪ̻ƺݿɵС
ôȥˣұĵطѾұˣ
ŵȵ̻ʵǻ֮󣬻ǲڽ̲˾ʱˡ
ݿʥŮͷȻǶ֪ˣҲǣ̻ȷҵϣҾ棡
ЦŵˣԺɾ˰˵̻ʵǻҪȥһӵĻ
Ҿôģ΢΢һЦ
㡭Ĵȥݿһû뵽׵ӾȻôķʣ
ЦŵȻȥ˰İɣʱɽƣΪһεĽ̻ʣЩҪڽ̲˳ϲҾͲ֪ˣǺõġ
ݿһһΪڽ̲Ƕͯ𣿻ȥ¡
ɱʱһСİ¸ִˣԼزͺˣ  ˿ףֿ˿ݿɵˣߣ黹˵ô
˵ɣҲ㲻ˣݿʥŮƷһŵġ
ʵԼ£ݿʥŮϾŮͳʱû׼ܹΪԼĴأ
ĵǰҲǿģڿַӦܹ˽ܵġ
ݿЩ㵵ĿףôԼ  ϾһģѲһľô
˵ʵݿЩ͸ǰһˣ޺Ǻݽɫ  ˣ飬һȽϼһ㣬Ǿǹ
ʲô
⻰һһԵԲֱӱĵĸǰ  ǿ޷˵ڵ֮
ֻϧû֮ʱҲĳλʧٶ׵ʧˣ  νڵһź  û뵽쾹ȻһεϢԲôܹأ
˵ԲϣǸɶô󡭡
ԲӣҲһֱܳ˵Ľడ
Բ𣡣
ΪԲҪʲôֱվԲĸǰ
˼ҡ̫ˣԲʿˮ˵ʲôܹ˵˷ܣ³˶ɽٷˣ  Բ̤Ьٴȫѹ
оǲԼգոձ£Լͻˣ
˾̫幬û˵仰Ȼ֮Ϣ
ôܹλڵϲأ  ˿̵Բжһ˿˿Ứ  ׿ԲЦŵҶˣӦڵ֮ɣ֮ǰҺҲ
ǰˣԭƶղŵļҪȻѾھ̫幬ǡ
Բ׵Ȼǿģ˼ұϾһӶڣڵƽ
˼Ҷھ̫幬Ϊ˱ǶӦġ
ʹӸղԲǼӣʵκ˶Կó  ЦŵԲϣڼȻҾ̫幬ˣʵҲ޷
֮䣡  Ѿ׵֮ϣǰ֮ɫԣǰ٣
һ˽һ  Ĵڣ˸оһĲ
ˣզҲԭ׼óţеö֮ˣ  ֮Ҳóһöӡǿǰȥȴһɽʧɫĸо
ǰͼƷ֮Ĳ࣡
Ǹ׼ȥƭƭ˵ģģЦŵ
ɴ۾⡭ҵˣǼƷǡɶ
ȻǱȼƷҪһȼ˰Цŵ
ȼƷҪһȼˣ𾪵ĿףҲΪ𾪣
Ǹִϱߵģǻ϶ţеˣ
أԲܵ鰡  ׼ȷ˵Ӧǰ㲻ӦҲմһ˿˰ɣӦ޷ʱ򣬽Լıһεˣ
׿˽͵͵˻ǱȽϵĺ⣡
Բʿˮˣǡڿһ°ɣϾǰ




995±֮ѩ
 

̫幬´ڣ
׵һ𾪲ѣ˵ʵܶ˶ûĴڣ  ʵνİʵɽһ˵  ɽ磬ְڵϿҲû˻ȥ֡
磬ɽ磡  磬൱ɽİһ㣬ǾǶĴڣ  ޼֮
ԲȻҲ֪ڵĶǰڱ˼õ
ƽ޹ʵľóĻʵҲϳ  Ϊ籾Ҷһǿʳ磡
Բ߼Ļʹһ׻ӶĶҪ׻ƵߣһƬٵĺгϢ
ʵʵȫǱ۵ģ  䲻˵ʹһ壬ͬеҲǱȱȽǣ
ԲϣֱӸڿЩ̫ܣΪƽҵǾʵ
׿Բ΢΢һЦĿǰԲʵĻȫǾսһְ
Բһ˾ͲҰⶫڣ
˵ˣҲܰҵĶڣҸԲϣⶫԲϵ˽Ʒˡ˻ԼҾ͹ܲˣ
׹˹ӣ˿Բ
ԲһůĻһ泩кָ̡
ԲһκˣʵҲһϿף
׳ҾԲԼñȽϵĺʣһڷչҲ֪˵ʲôˣû㹻ʵƥĻҲӲĹЧƥﻳĵԲҲ֪İɣ
һԵҾ˵ļǣΪǿǱȼƷֵߵĴڣҲҳڶĶѾΪһţȻλʮŵţǵʵʵЩҲ̶á
Ѿ˹ˣԲһ
ԴԲʧԺٰܵѹҪ㵱ڶսĻҪȡ֮ˣ
ߣԲΪսܲЩ˾Ȼڱ㣬ʵ˺İ
Բ΢΢ҡͷҲû뵽龹Ȼᷢչز  ڲĵһţҲԶţէһϢҲԽܣ  ΢΢һЦ¶̧ͷҪȥɽɰ飬ʱλҲһɣ
ǣˣ
˺ȻӦǣʵǶ֪¶Ҫɽ飡  ¶
Բ𲢲֪¶ʲô飿ҲЩѯʵ
΢ĽһԲ̫Ҳ̫ҪɣɽɲһһŶѣΪţλʮţҲ̫һЩ
ɽɵʵλʮţɽ߽ǣ̫ھԲð֮ΥȥΪһһŵģǡ
͸һ˿˿ľ⣬о鲢ôļ򵥣  Ҳüһʼܰ꺭˵ʱҵʱҲЩɻôһ˵ЩԾ
ɽ߽Īǡ
ԲƺʲôЩ𾪵Ŀ
΢΢ͷʵҲ̫ڴеĿΪǴ˵еɽ֮ѩ
֮ѩЩʵ
νɽѩ磬׽ʵ漰Щνɽѩ඼˹ģɽѩΪĺ
֮ѩ
һֱûп˵飬ʱǲ˻ʵҪۼʶĻνʶˡ
ԭΪļʶ϶ҪҪĶ࣬ʶԺŷ֣ļʶ֮ǶĿɲһ㣡  Ҫ֪ɽһ꣬Ѿɽü֮á
˵߹ʱҲʮҵʱ䣬Ϊ飬һֱţģ  ڶ˶ѣֻϧһﻹûиɵɶͱˣ  Ҳͦһ  ǰ֮ѩ˵ǧһǧһʵѩܹնѣõĿ»ǧųһεı֮ѩ
ԲӦͬһ飡
֮ѩȥĻܹഺפ˲һ磬Ҳ֪ļٵġ
ԲҲһ̾˵˿ץ׸һļ  ߣֱӷãɵɵû˵




996칦Ч
 

֮ѩ  ʥɽ磬ҲǾġ
ԸղһֵʱһӾˡ
֮ѩһöκ˵á
ǱʵˣǾ°빦ЧΪ֮ѩΨһͬȼ㵤Ķ  Ȼˣ֮ѩһζҩģһЩĸҩϲУ
ղԲǼһֱӸӹܹһ磬һȣŵһݵ飡
˵ֱӷȻ洦СɵҩǲŽķӹЧ
Ѳɻ;ڵɽɿνǽţԼҲô˵İ
ԲЩ汦һĿ飬ǸоЩ֡
һС壬ɿȥô
鲻мһЦ֮ѩκεƷףȥܹڶʱһû⣬һҲҪʵġ龳ҲȫһԾΪ龳۷ǿߣܲܿԽһɽٷǾ͵ÿ˵컯ˣ
ǧ꣬ûз֮ˣѩûгӦҲһĹϵˣ  ȥԽ磬û̫ݳޣ  ı֮ѩɽı֮ѩ׹Чǲһ⻹˵
ǹЧֻдСͬӦöһģ
ûгΪɽǿߵĳڣܹ䵤ĻǶԺǴģ
֮ѩǺö
ɽпҪı֮ѩĻһҪõ
׿˿飬鿪˸˽ģʽ  ʵС飬ʲô
ʦ磬֮ѩͬ䵤ܹõĻԺȥɽ֪ôжôĴˣٵ˵
䵤⡭ôܣҲ𾪵˵
䵤ĸִĺ壬׾Ѿǲˡ
Ļ֮ѩĴڰ
ĹЧеΪ֮ˡ
ģô˵ɽ磬֪֮ѩĹЧˣǼ֪֮һ
΢΢Ŀ˿ףһһ൱ǷⰡ
׼ʵͬ䣬Ժأ
ȻӦⶫֻܹһΣʵԽʱԽʹʵ̫ҲУʵõӦ徳ʱ򣬲ʦڵ龳Ҳ࣡
ıǳ֮࣬ѩЧġ
ȻһԵ䣬ȴģ  û뵽ɽɣȻ˵ɽ磬Ҫõ֮ѩҲÿԵ
ȻˣûĻԵõһõ  лĻһܹŹ
һȻ˵һȥɽɣȥɡܹõ֮ѩòˣ
Ǻǣ̫һǽһζôȥ۸һɽɣʵ벻ʲôɣҾ֪һα֮ѩǧǰ顭
Բ㲻˵֮ѩҶˣأ֮ѩɽ˼ǰȥʱһǸɽɽõţ
ô˵Ҳ֮ˣĪǵܱ̫֮ڣҲȤĻԸˡ
һܹԵŵ  ˶ˣͬмûжԺҲž޴İ
ôϸ˵ʵ̫̫ˣ  òĵ伮ܹ֪ƺֻ˵ȥɽɣ¿޴֪ˣŶˣ֪û˵һȵţ
Բ˵Ȼƺʲô
׺һͷˮ֪ʲôСأ  ˵ʵλʮ󳬼źλʮ󳬼ŵֶҲŲʶˡ
ССС壬һ֪Ļ  ʵҲҪ֪̫顣
ԲͻȻἰ⵹Ȥȣҵ˵ƺ̫ԨԴŵ̫̲ǧ֮һֻ̫ȴûȵ֡
һֱڣʮֵĵ͵̫ȴͬˮ𣬶ɽȴܹŽãȴɽɵĸڣ֮١ͨȣܹĵʱ䣬һȷĻ̫ڵĿĿ϶ܹȷˣ
Բ֪ܹ̫ڵӦöԸȥġ
˵ˣʵҪͨȷ̫ڵĿġ
׳һɣȥȿһ£Ȼȥɽɸǻ֪ͨܰ͡꺭Ȼɽɣճղ˵飬ڶʲô




997°׵
 

ˣڶǸǵõ鱨ĿǰΪ׵ƺڳˣֱָڣ
ʵϢѾ֪һֱûȷѣ
̫幬֮ǰҽȵ֮ѾøŲĿֻŷӦ
ҽȣ  ǿţһ㶼κһŵĴڣ
ȻȲڵȳţҲ׵˵ҽնɱﳽͰ׵Ⱥݽɫ  ˣǵôҽȵ˵նɱ˴˶ˡ
Ⱦ׵ʵڵһŸоһΣ  ʵҲյϢڵŻǲҪ
һԵҲǵͷǰǵΣеͦģǺǣ
׿׼ôˣ
ǵһҵɽ׼ҵƺӦòôװɽɵûʲôΪ׵ƺ׼ҪǾʵʩѹѾһЩжϾ˺ұڤкңе⣬ҳ֮ư
Ҳüʵ֮оûνġ
Ͼߵĺöʵ̫̫ˣֻЩ˻ΪѹܹѹĹȥģ  ΢΢һЦҵʱ䶨𣿡
ʱ䶨ˣڶ³΢΢һЦȻɽɣȻҲǵˡ
ţǵҪԼİȫǾΪУ
׿˳˰ȫʲôĶҪ
ǣˣѦһֱɽָӣƹҲڲеڲװޣһθϻҪ飡
׵ʵ֪ԼеǼٵ֮Ҳνˡ
׿˿ôģ
˵ʵһʼΪҾϧˣȻǼٵõĺҵи⡭
һתƺ뵽ʲôС
ȤҶˣٵȻҲڻˡνƤʲôȻ˵˵
ˣ˵ʵһΪǸŻߴ嶼ҪռΪУΪ׵ĸŲҪԸҾ̫幬ǺβԴΪն
ĻѾҪ˵ôˣڳȻҲö
ƣ
ҲǹһЦ൱Ĳġ
νˣΪ˵õһЩôѣ
ǼƷ˶ҪõʱЩνſ¾ͻ¶ǵˡ
һĴȻ˵Ҫͽ̫幬άİ
һ˾޴棬ܹתǹͷ  һƷһڵ֮
ĶΪ֮ˣȻǸһƷĴۣǼܲסļƷడ
ΪĶǾ̫幬ô  ΢΢һЦûСӻͦյ
ˣһһΪ밡ǰνյһֿޣ  ׵ȷڿСӣ˵ʵûȥ⣡
ֻ֮ߣȻѾһʯôļˡ
ԲҲ΢΢һЦ˽õţȻҲȥٵЩνˣǸ̥µʱ϶һҲǲˣ
һҾ˼һΪ֮ˡŵʱ˿϶ܷŹܹõĻġ
Ϣɢȥ
׳ǿеģҲʱһ󶯾ˡ
Щʱֻжˣܹƣ  ã˷ģʱ϶һĳ
ҲݸһЦһԵݿʥŮͿ￴ҲЩʵ̫һЩ  ׿˵һаռƻ£ԲϣһҪ֤ܰ꺭İȫɽɼ
˷ģҵȶ߾ȫ
Բ΢΢ףɽɲҺ̫ڶԿǻ
Ҫһܰ꺭˵治ʲô⣡
龳ĸ֣һСŮֱ練Ƶ飡
ݿʥŮͿﻤҲһźãʱ׿Ҳǽ
¶ưţЦŵ
׿ݿʥŮ΢΢һЦŮʱʹߺϢȱʲôĵҩɶģ˵ˡ
л
ݿҲûйϵһŵҲķ
׸ˣһɽɵķͦ




998ټ
 

ɽɵĽ׷ֵ
˵һθԼ뷨û뵽ľʹӦˡ
Ҫ֪ǸһƷĴ۰һЩˡ
ԭΪ׿϶Ҫԥһᣬ˼ȴ۾գһ¾ʹӦˡ
Ȼһļ  ˵ҪľǰãȻ˼ҵ飡  ֮ѩ  Ȼ֪ν;ҲǲСһλ֡
˼˵Ӿˣɽɵķ򼲳۶ȥ
Ǵ̽ȵ飬Ⱦ˵һŵĵط
ȼ罻һЩʧȥ˷У
һѰңƺûҵκιȵϢ  һεĻصɽɵĸҪҸȵ飬ɽɷеһҾ¥֮У
˵ûУ̫ڶ¶ҪɽȢװ˵ɽŮˡ
ǵȻ˵ˣ˵ֵͦġ
Ҳ֪ɽɵôģ̫ڿλʮ󳬼ŰǶܻʲô³أ
һһͨɽɵĿ˽ɽأڿֻȥμȵĿˣ
ԭǱߣЩãȺ͸һ㣡
³Ų˺žƵʱȴһһ˵ȡ
תͷȥ˵һӣԼĪʮ£ĵٷ磬ӦǺŮϲ֣  ȣȥɼΰӵԱߣһ״󺺹һֵȥȸ̫ɶ𣿡
˵ϸ磬Ҳûа취һûбûԴߣҪǲŵĻǿ϶û˰
ЩƵ˵˵ʵνȥҲȥѡ
״󺺿ӵȰ㻹˼аɣ㿴¥֮ĸԸȵģҲСӸᡭ
ǰÿһֻôҿ˵˽ȥ֮ʮа˾ǸһԵһ˲
ΪɶЩƵʵȻ֪Ĳࡣ
Ϊɶô˵ɣȼŮˣĵλǵ͵һͿʵνŮڶ࣬ʱһѳֲסĻٺ٣еˡ
˿Щͬ˵ȻƺЩ˽⡣
ô֪ôֲࣿȵˣǵ;˵ɣЩʵ
ҵһֵܾǲаȣºҾȥʬˣ̾һ
ȥôţһ˰ɣ
ӵһȥΪɱİСˣǾ͵òʧˡ
λ̨𣿡
˵̸һϲû뵽ɽɵķоȻȵϢ
һġ״󺺿дһ˿̵Цݡ
ôΰҪȥղǲ廰ӿ΢΢бӣȻղ˵Ҳ˰ɣ
ˣЦŵȥԡ
˵ǲǻ˰ɽɾǰĲȥɽȥʲôȰ濴˴ĵط˳
΢΢һЦֵܣÿ˵׷һ
õõãûпСӻŰ򰡣ЦŵʵȥȺܼ򵥣ȾɽɵĺɽһһĵطȥȻҵõ
һ죿ЦЦл
㻹Ǳл˰ɣҿ㼸֮ͻˣ΢΢ҡͷȻ˿ʼ˾ơ
ɽɺɽһ죡  ׵ʶѸٵſƺɨÿһطȵʲôطûͷ  ţֲá
ЩȻһοһɽڴɽɽȥûʲô
ǵϸĹ۲֮ɽб󷨴ĺۼ
ע⿴ǿû뵽طȻΣ׿ɽ¶һ˿Цݡ
ȶ캮ضɽ֮УҲ֪ŵ˵ôģ
飡  ʵͦ˵ģҪļţǿǡ
䣡
׼̽ԵĽ֮ʱԶһ򶷵
һѾƬ֮У
ǵ׺ˣһɫ۵ŮӳŶ˽һ
ٺ٣ץһȵˣǾͿԴ̫ȡһʯĽֻȵֵ̫Ǯˡ
ʵǿҲڵʵ
ǸŮӸʵһҲڣֻŮһ˲ˣûκεİ֣ȥЩ᧿Σ
üֽ֮֮ɫױԿó  ƺлһ˿˿Ļں֮⣡




999׵ľ
 

ץС˵
Ǹӿǰɫ۵ŮӣһĨа֮ɫ  ˵磬Сǳǽһˮ鰡̫ڵ˵ˣֻҪץ˾ˣˬһѣȻ󡭡
ԱߵİӿԼǰƺҲһ궯
⣡Ǻڰ޳ˬ˰
ǺӶԼߵ˺ٺһЦ˵ҪǷжǷ⣡  ΢΢üһղ˵Ҫץ˵ʱûôоʲô
Ͼ֮ˣʹȻ黹Ǻġ
ֻû뵽˾Ȼ죬ԹһЩаĶĻʾͱˣ  Ǻôĵӣȵĵ̣ǾͲ֮˸ϵ֮أ
Ůףһ֮ǷŭȴҲĿŸ˸оһֵᣡ
ͽаĽгûܹü
ǺΪţƺָƣ
ȵ˻϶ţҲǶ˺ܳһʱſһʵ΢֮ˣ  ο֮ǰ֮ǰҲйƵľ飬Ѿǵһץȵˡ
ֻһСǳʵЩ˶ѣ
ˣ
仰ǿɲţȵ˾һ㣬ǵ˼
żһģܿȥˣ  ղŵһ򶷣ȴҲûмһ˵Ӱ˵˺ܶˡ
˵Ĵ󵨣ΪѾȵ·
ǡҸƴˣ
ŮӵִһӵıŰ֮һεɱ˹ȥ  ɣ  ĽΧľϵӦ
磬˵ز˾һҪȵ˳˭Ҳܲ
ӿźӣҲǳ
΢΢һЦˣȰСǴط˵֪ǰ治ԶиɽǿԶ˰
޳ܿͽ
Ůӱ⼸˵ɫͨ죬ϾһŮˣ˵裬ôܹأ
ݣ  ͬʱŮӵֱȥƺκεĻᣡ  Ůӵ͸һӵľȥƺܾѶ
ͬΪڵˣһʤûκε  ۸һŮˣʲô¡
״˵ı˳ԭ˵ĹȻֹ  ǸоһͷƤ飬һʱΪȵˣ  ŮԭѾǱ۾ɵ׵ʱ˶
ֻǵԼʶʱЩˣ  Ǻˣ
ӿЦһΪСӵʵһҲĺڣ  ׿źӵǺˣǺǣμȵѡεˡ۸һŮˣЩȥ
СӣȰ㲻Ҫ£ʱôĶ֪ӿЦһ
΢΢һЦ²аɣҼ˴СͽңһҪ䣡Ҳ۸Ůˣο۸һŮأ
Ҳǰɣܣ㿴Ůˣȥɱ
ӿףһĨı䣡
ҲֻܹϷˣȵûȣܹĵ伮ɣ
ʵ̫ˣ˼һԼĿԵģ
ʱֻܹ͵һЩ͵һˡ
أ
һնһֱ׵ţ
һ㿪һĹȻֱӶһĺһȭ
ɼ򵥣
ǺֱӱһȭĿѪһжɰܣ
׻סˣĻһﱻˡ
硭һ׾Ȼ˵׺Ҳһ
Ů㲻ôϷɣһ˿ɶԸ˰׿Ů΢΢һЦ
ŮӻǱߣ׵Ļ֮ɫһ죡
ܿһεὣǰӳ˹ȥŵġ
Ͼ֮ˣһ֪ɢޣ  ǺӻҪ׼ȴ㵵ķ֣ԼһĶ֡
ͬΪĺڣҲ̫һɣ
ܣӲˣǸϽӳǰӼһ׼ķܡ
ֻϧ׻Ҫһأôһأ  µĹ׾СһĽӸУһԵİӿԼĴ类ץˣеһҲйˣ  ܿ죬Ů𽥵ռϷ磬ӱŮץסһ̣г˾ľ֮ɫ
ƺѾ뵽˽ĺˡ
ȻӢ۾ЩףȴﵽԼĿģȵˣЩ˳ˡ




1000³С
 

֮У
ŮӿףӿֳһĨм֮飬֮ɲһĶ飡
лл㡭
ŮƺЩЩ̫ҿ׵۾
Цŵ·ƽεұ˵ķ緶Ǻǣ
ҶȻĲǣ
ŮӿˣݺݵĵһۣƺҪйԼеĲ죡
ǹ㣬һ£
׹˵ʵղŮӵʱ򣬹˵ԼҪȥȵ飡
Ů϶ҪѯԼģʱԼư͵Ҳȥˣ
Ȼ
Ůӿ׵ʶմ
ף׵Ҳ˵½׵˶ȥˡ
ףƺЩ죡Ůӿ΢΢һЦ˵һһأ
ŶˣЦŵ
һλӢۣ֪˵û˵̫幬ŮӸ
ϾԼľˣŮȻҲûκεķ
ȻЦŵĪ˵ǸǾ̫幬ף
ţŮЦŵǵżأ
ż񣿡ЦЦǿ𾴵ģҲܹ⣡
ǰҽȴɱķϢѾˣŮЦŵ
׿Ůӵʵ˿ҲǺƽһ˰ɣ
㲻ˣҸղ˵ҪȥȣŮӿЦʵ
ǰɽɵķ˵յӣҾ͹Цŵ
ٺ٣ˣҾȵˣ
Ů͸һӵƺһ˿Ϸʵı顣
Ŷɽںδأ˰ҲûҼЩεֵ̯̯
ңҴȥɣŮЦŵҽг
֣ҲЦŵˣҪȻһĲʶȣȥء
΢΢һЦѺʲôڰ޳ֵܳȵɽֱȥ
׸ղŷЩԾǸɽǰЦŵȵڣֻһкüһ˿ǽȥȴǳҲǺ֣
һղ⵽ô°
һ˵ɣȴȥһҵĸסƤ˵
ȣ
ɽˮ㣬ȥȫһԴľ
ոսţڵ˶С㣬˵֪˽ŭ
ѽôͱ˰ɫһ
û¾ͺðС㣬⼸ǣһģŮӳųʵ
˵ҪץȥʲôһʯǮһ˵ʱЩһ
ߣ̫ڵ߹ŭһǺڰ޳ֵ⻰֮ŵģ  ָָ׵ҵľˣҪĻڶˣҪȥĸ״ˣ˾ͽǴðɣ
ǣС㣡
ֵŵȶЩˣûа취
ӦǴӵģȻҪȻҲҪ׼
׶Ҳʲô֮ͬģųͳ˹ȥ
ֻû뵽ȻȵĴС㣬Լǲ
ȵĴС㣿ŮЩĿ˿
ֳʦ壬һ㶺أͰҵݸ¶ˡһ㶼桭
棿׵һıСΪ˺氡  Ҳ̫һɣҪ֪ոտǾλСһΣжûа
ˣ治ƭģͷ
Цŵ˺ðû뵽ҵǲģ㻻ȻôС㣬ԺǿԺˣ
ҵľˣ˭ҪΪ㣬ǾΪңΪĿ׵
׿ų֪أ
˭Ҳ㣬ҾǿҳߣһȥĸףֻҪĸ׵ͷû˸Ҳͬģ
ֵ˵
Ҳ΢΢ͷԺɾ̴С˰
û⣡ҡԼͷԵ쳣Ŀɰ
׿ЩûûεŮҲһΣŮʵЩ̫Ӧû
Ĳпɱ¾ʵʺŮҲ֪ȵôģ
˳ȵĴȥ˿ȵĴ֮ϣһλ޸߰Ůվ棬ɪɪŮӣ  Ҳᣡ
޸߰ŮӲǱˣǳĸףѣ




1001Ƶĳ
 

ȴ  ѵһ㣬˪
ΪȵѶԼŮǳ۰Ůȴ쳣棡  һֱҪȥĳڿԼװ˳ȥ  س⼸ȴûκεĲ  ˣ
һŮӿųѣ֮дһ˿Ŀ־壡
̫ڵץʱ򲻵֮أµʱҲҪ̫裡ǳе𣿡
ˣСǻڵʱ򡭡˻Ҫ׼͡
ѺâһĽѾǱ  ķɽִ˲ʱȻֹ
ˣһȶסԼɽΧȫѰ

ɪɪվǸ׼߳ȥʱǾķѾǳ˹

ѸղΪŭδϢţҲûи֪ԼŮѾصţ
侲֮ԼŮȻһ˻ˡ
ѵüͷ΢壬ȻԼŮʶ
ĸ״ˡ
һֺǺǵĿųѣĺһ
£ɫһ䣬Ŀȴ飬ƺҲһ
ĸסЩĿųѣһԵ˿ųҲǼС㣬ն㡭
ѽѽʦʦ壬Ժ󲻻ˣ֪ˣҳôûгȣҲҪ絽ΰ
ЩƵĿż˵
ѳҲǸ˵¶һȥɽɿ
ĸףͲǿ¶ҲûмѰ˼ҾɽɵΧתתʱȶ¶ʱȥû뵽
ҲЩµ˵ղҪ׳ĻҲ֮ˡ
ô£ѿųеʵ
ŽԼոճȥ֮󲻾˵һ飬һԵĳ֮˱ŭѣ  ̫ڣ̫ڣ̫ڣ
һɱŰɱѾǳ˳ѵϣһһҧгݵ˵⼸֣
ͷһʯһˣ̫ھ۸ûԴǲҪ
һǾǸô
ţǵģԼĸ˷ܵ˵׵Ļҿˣ
𣿡ɻĿ˿ףôǸطղ˵Ǹط֪ģһ˾ԲܳǸطġ͵͵ȥĻӦҲܳǸط
ĸ״ˣʲô˼ڻҵľˣһԼĸ׾Ȼô˵Щˣ
΢΢ҡͷҲ˼ֻҪλСѸҽһ£οʵһ㣬һûаҵ£ô׳أ
׿ų΢΢һЦôΪĻҲ޻˵Ȼ˵Ļ߱ǣ
˵꣬׳Ŵ֮ȥܹݵķڳѵвСƶѡ
ǳȴôˣ  ŭĿųѵĸ״ˣôԴŮľ˵׻˵úãˮ֮ӿȪ౨˼ҶҿǾ֮Σ
˶ôĸ˵𣿡ѳȣΪʲôѲ𣿡
ҵȻûǣ飬Ǹ֮ˣĸ״һֱ˵˶ûһöȴôΪ
Լĸ׷ŭƺһιԼĸױ粵
ȻûһöƺҲǱ˺ӦǾʲôҲôҧгݣ  ȻûһöǴʲôطģѲĸ״˼𣿡ʵ֮һֱôһɻ
ˣȻҲŮ֮һЩ飬ǰԼĸ˵Լûиף  ѾˣûипܻԼأΨһĿԾԼĸ׸Լĸˣ  Լĸ׶˵̬֪Լĸ׻ĸ׿еָĺ  㡭
ѵһƺԼŮߣһĨ֮ɫ  ĸ״ˣЩҶܣֻϣҵľܹȡ˼ұǹμȵĿ˵ģҲ˳ҵģҲѾ˳ʦ壬϶˼Ҳһģ
ˣȻС㶼ô˵ˣҿȡһհ׵ǸŮҲǵ
ѿ㵽Ǻˣǲ̫ɹģ
̫֮ˣץ˳С֮ڹμǵĿӦҲûİɣӦò֪Сʲôط
׵ĻóҲЩƿԣ˼˵ĵȷǶԵġ
ȴһֱ֣ţһ춯ɱ֮




1002ȵΣ
 

ŭ죡
ԼŮʵ޻˵ԼŮһʳԼʲôطʱˣ
ʱҲһŮ֮ģеǸ
ŷ֣˾Ȼ̫ڿΪ֮һ  ³̫֮ڵλǿҪųѾͷȴû뵽ԸӲ  Ժ󣬳Ҳն˿Ϊȵ
Ҳ΢΢һ̾ȵķȷǷǳǿӦǵĳλȳǿķ
ֻЩ̫쳵ʵһղһգ  ĳѣȻΪȵʵ龳ĺڶѣ
Լʶɨһ飬ȣʵʵǿҲǰλˣ  ׿̫ڵҲûոȣȻŵĻڴ˷ǳЧá
εɽźͻڴĻͱ˰ѣ  л
Ҳû̫ĻҪ֮ѩǲѣ
ʵҲΪѣڿⲢʲôʱ
¶жʮʱ䣬ԼҲûбҪôż  ɽҲǷַӵ飡
ллĸ״ˣʦ֣Ժҵֵ˵
ⲻܣ
һԼŮӣ֪ԼŮ϶ǶһһЩȤ  Ȼû鰮ĲΣܲסϦദ
ԼŮʵЩ̫ûо׵Ŀ飬ô˿һֶֻܹĹ  żҲļһЩжʵϳԼҲ֪ȫŮ˵ĻžԳάֵġ
üֱն˿ģ
ȣǲһȴȥĵطѣʵȷչһûôԼˣ
ĸ״ˣôˣСʵ
ѿ˿˵оǲУʵҲǲȥִðɣ
ǡΪƵĿԼĸף  ѳִҲȱȽϺõһطˣҲûп˰ɣ˵ˣҲ֪˵ʲôȹһʱҲʱȻаţ
Ǻðɣʦ֣ίִôһӣĸ״˵֮һ
Ҳ֪Լĸ׶ɣҲûκεİ취
ڿҲһĽˡ
лС񰮣׹ֵл
ߡ
Ѷ׵ĻɲûдЩңΪһʵ̫ˡ
ֲμӿ˵˵ĻԼŵùˡ
һһֱȻ֪ĻΪʲôء
׺ͳȥһԵİʦ忴ųѵˣǸֵС⣿
⣬Ǻ⣡ûпóС̫ˣʵܹ̹֮ȻǾ𣿡
ѿֵµİʦͻʦʵ
һԵջƵŮӵǰôһ˵Ҳоô£СӲ̫ɹİɣ
̫ڣ˭һСŸȤأŭһҲɵģǿɵøҿˣСѾͷƬûоʲôʣɱҵ·
ˡʦͻʦȻ֪귢ʲô飬ҲǸϽȰο
ߣݳлͣҶҪ
ѵȭͷգƺ뵽Ǹ˾һļ
ʦ̾һܹõȫ̫Ҳ˹
ǰŵ̫Ҳֻк벿ֶѣûκεôһջƵǸŮҲǵ
ˣǸҶǸһֵ֮һζ¶̫ںпܶɽɷΧʱҵҲɽһܹ֮ɽɳΪ̫ڵĵ̣ա
ѵĿдһ˿˿ǳ֪¶ɽ˵ͬʱҲǾȵˡ
ҲΪʲôѲԼŮʱȥһԭ  Ϊһ׶ʱ䣬ʵ̫Σˡ
ʱ䣡
׾һֱвϵţطͦģûκ˵Ĵš
Ҳѵõм徻ӣڼ䣬ÿ춼ס
һУȴһȵĵӿУ  سϣСӸû뵽ܹõС᲻Ӱǵļƻ
һ۵ӿŶȥͲӳ
ߣСӲڵʵѣǵȰȵˮˡ¶Ҳûмˣݷô꣬ʱˣ
˵˽ɽӣ̫µһӣ




1003ɽ
 

ȣ  ˿ѾΣķ̫ڴʮǰͿʼ֣ʵǵҪĿĲνһͳ̫飡  Ҫõȵĺ벿ֹ
ôȥˣһ겻һ̫꣬ΪѾõĻˡ
ο̫ݳлͶʮֵϤ  ݳлӢ۾˫˫ɣ˳
ݳлôܷԼ̳̫Ļȥ˫˫أ
ǲܵ飡
мʵ̫̫ˣݳл͵ȥ֮󣬱㽫ԼͽɽӸŪȣ
ɽѾǹΪȵִóϣ  ɽӱݳлͿأҳΪݳл͵ĹŴӣ  Ҫ֪ɽ˫ԵԼѣ  ʮѾͻƵĳڣν츳׿  ʮɽѾ龳ĺڣѵʵ൱
ҲһĴһŵӣĳɳΪŵִϡ
ôʱǱΪ˺ͣôܹóѻأ
ʵɽӽʱ򲻹ǸӶѣѵҲгǸʱںӵķġ
ʮʱһζ¶Ҳ߰ʱ䣡
ÿճޣϢδйĸо  ִã  ף
ɽӴߵڵλãɫȻȥľϡ
ʵϣȣ˵ϳϼϵģҲɽһ˶ѣ
سϣң׿ɽӣҲ΢΢̧ͷ
£Сȥһˡ
ɽӳ΢΢һЦһֵɱ
ҪһˣǸܲһɱ˭
׵ҲûʲôֵģϾԼǿսģҸߵĺܽ
س϶ԼЩ⣬Ҳġ
ãڹȥ
׵Ҳνһ˶ʰһ飬ʲô۶Ӳɣ
ܿ죬ױ㶯ֳųڵλü۶ȥ  ȥıӰɽЦһСӽǱɡ
سϣһıǴС㰡ҿûô򵥰ɣοȥġ
ǸЩɻĿ˿ɽӣɽͻȻԼף  һҲ֪ô£
û뵽һȻɽƭȥڵء
ɽӿ˿۵ŶСӸһôˣôһĳûУ쳤֪ͨûУ
쳤Ѿ˵ˣ˵ָʱſסѣֻʵЩ̫ðˣҿ֪ҲͬġŶӳ
ߣǾ湦һҪǵӦ֮ʣǵĹͻôݷô꣬ѲɾΪ˷ʱ䣿
ɽӿŶ΢΢ҡͷСҲ̫ʵˣ  ֮УԽõĽԽ࣬һɽ֪ˡ
  ʱֻҪɹˣ˭ںôɹİ
ɽΪʲôôǻΪʧˣҲ·  ÿԲһ
سϣô죿ŶɽӳʵҲ֪ɽӺ«浽ʲôҩ
ѲɽľҪȷԲ˳ģʱЩˣµʱҲ
ӦþˣȥڵĺԺȥٺ١ɽЦһ
ŶһɻĿɽӣ֪ɽӵҪʲô  ںԺ  ԺֻŮܹ룬ɵһأ  ȴӳڣÿһεŮԣ˵ȾŮȨ£  ҲԺרΪŮԶģԲκε˽롣
涨ȳû˸ҲأҪ  ֮ǰһսõеӣȵںԺִõնɱ
ɽӳ׸£׼һιʼʩ
ɽѾһУһһȷأҪһвأܹȷ̫˳ȡ
Ͼ̫ҪΪǿĴڣһͳڱеġ
˭ӵ̫Ҫõ̫ĺ벿أ
ںԺԭִõѾǱɽӸȥǴһʱ
ѹҲ֪ںԺĹأ
ȻоɽЩ⣬ǳԼĻȥҲ̫ʡ
οҪͨĸ̽һ֮ѩϢ
ЩѾǳɹİѻ棬͵ųء
׿źԺ߿һˣҲֱȥΪѾ֪˳ʲôط




1004´ڹ
 

ںԺ
̤뵽ԺмĶʯ·ϵʱɱ֮Ѿǳķֱ
󵨣
һ쳹ȵĺԺɽӴŶмλִõĵѾǸϵߡ
˿̵ŶʵЩһͷˮسȻǰѳСˡ
˿ǳСľˣʱСһһﲻ֪Ļʱ׾ȥ
ʱسϲǵ˳С  سϣǺ⣿
Ҳ֪Լɽӵ·֮УȻ֪·ʲô
ɽЦһףΪִõӣ֪ĵӻǷʰ
سϡ
׸Ҫ׼˵ʱϢ׵ķֱ  ѡѾߣλִõվߣҲüͷ΢塣
سϣڸʲô֪ڵĺԺҪڹˣ
ѿɽӣüͷ壬ɽӻǱȽϵ̵ġ
˵Уλߵˣ¾ɽˡ
ѻǰɽӵԼģҲΪˣɽȼΪһ
ˣҲûȨںԺ
ؾǹأ
ˣ¿ɲҴڹ棬Ϊִóϣ˵Ҵڹ棡鼱֮²ųֹ
ɽӶݺݵĿ˿ףȴ˸һӵĽ
һڣһǱ˸ˣ
ҲЩûȥʲôνȵڹ棬ȻˣҲûȥ  ɽԼȥҳԼҲˣþҸӦҲûʲôġ
һŻûôĹأֻ׼Ů˽׼˽ʲôⰡ
ԣɽӵĵҲЩ޻˵
˭˴󵨣ôںԺ
ɨһȦˣĿ׵ϣ͸һӵɱ
Ϊ˼ǿһˣ˭أ  ף
Ŷʱվ˳ָ׳Ȼ֪ɽӵҪʲôվˡ
ףһŶĻ̱QŶϹ˵ʲôأ׺úõԺʲô
ɽЦһ˭֪ǲʲôɸ˵أ
׻һ飬ձ¶ʵҲûʲôֻɽӸôԼʵǸоЩ
СҪԼذԼԹ޳ģҪʲô  ɱߣبɱ֮
ȷԼģ
׵侲óһԻһʵ̫侲һЩ
һԵĳ׵ףôܵԺ˰ǲҵİҶǸˣŵĺԺֻŮԽ롭
˵е΢΢һЦС˵һЩҾõνسӦҲ֪صİɣ
سϵȻ֪Ĺĵ˵ľˣɲϣʲô鷢  С㣬سϺŶ˾ҵң˵СңҾںԺ
׿ų˵ľ滰ʱȥӵûˡ
һ⻰޺޵Ŀɽӵسϣʲô˼׿ҵľˣִãǲúõҲˣôʹӰ
ѳסڣ黹ûиߺʲô
ף֪ݳϵʲô𣿡ѿ׳
Ҳ֪˵Ķʵ
ʵҲ֪ʱûκε塣
ΪҪͿԻҪ͵
ѿνڹ׿ȨĻɽӺԼļֵ  ɽӺԼߣԥͿѡɽӣҲ֮ɣ  ѿɽӳسϣҲԩһˣ鵽ô£˵Ŀʵ
ɽӿųѵˣҵȷ˵С
ĸ״ˣسһػըˣѵس˵꣡
ˣɽĿ˿ף˵
ţҰڹ˸ץ
ѿŶˣҲǴһ
׵ɫһ䣬֪ͷ֮ԼѾȵڹ棬ҲƵĺܡ
֪ôĻֱӺͳ̸̸Ҳˣ
ţĸ״ˣ黹ûе˵ˣ˭֪ǲسأ
ųѣŭ˳
С㣬Ҿˣû뵽㾹ȻҲң
ɽ͸һӵıϢ·ԼܵĪί¶һ˿ʧ飡  ˲֪ǣһжǰɽӵ·ߣ




1005յɽ
 

˿̣ȵںԺۼҲԽԽ࣡
ôˣҲǰ´
֮
Ҳû뵽¶мʱ䣬Ȼᷢ飡  Ѿ֮ڶεķ飬Ҷִõĵӣ
ⲻòóģ֪ɽӶŵҪԡ
Ҫ֪ƹĿǰֵߵִãǵ  ɽӿףΪ֮ѲҪΪһŵĵӶĺɽӳ׵ķ  ȵĹ㳡룬վߣܶȵĵѾǱſֵ̬Χ
ҶһŵģȻ飬ҲҪ鵽δã  ɽЩеӰĴһƽʱϲģܶ˶ܹĶݣ
˲֪Ȼ֪һĵɽӵĻȵҲҪһˡ
˭ŮأɽӱǷΣڼЩССݣŮ֮һʮʮٵģɽӵĵλȻޱȵĸߴˣ  ׵ҲνʱҲҪԼ־ܹˡ
֣鲻ǣ  سϣҼÿ춼ȥףûҹһΣ˵ԩ㣡ΪʲôͲΪʲôô˵أ
ɽŭ죬ҲһŲãɽӶ
ɽӳɽΪȵţô꣬ͼģΪŵһΣ·˲˭֪ʲôˣ飬Ҳչذ£û뵽С㾹Ȼҡ
Źذ£ŹذµĻҲִΣִõĵӣΪʲô֪أִڹ̣ܽ
˼ΨһĿľҪסף
Ҫ֪һʵĻĿ¾Լľ˰  С㣬ĵҪΪνľڲҲˣ
ɽЦˣЦдһ˿˿·˶һ㣡  ׿СӵӣҲеˣСӵݼǲԼеһƴ  оɽЩ򵥣ٲǱϿôļ򵥣  СҲǵģ·ȻΪسϣ
ǰسϾְ𣬾Ϲᣡû뵽ͷȻôһҲТ
ҵĻҲẮģС㲻ԼŮҪͨĵӵĻ
֧سϵģִֵõӱʲôɱ绤ģ
£Ǳһۣ
˶һߵ֧ɽӣƽʱΪ˵һ  ʱŶƺЩɽΪʲôҪִ
֪λСҪæһеİִ
ԭǲȡͬ飬ΪԼһĶȡ  ߣ
ʵ̫ˣ  ŶоԼɽӵһǰ㶼磬ĻҲֻǳƥ֮£
˼ңô仰Ĺ򣬾ͽܶ˶ˣ
Ȼˣ滹һЩɽӵѾõˡ
ѿżҪʧصĳ棬ƺܵһӵĲѰɽӺҲЩ̫Ѱ
ҪǰĻŭ䣬ҲһЦ֮  ɽƺڹĶģҿȥĿļΪȷ
סڣسִóϣܹѵһ۳
ųѵĸ״ˣ鱾ǹ˵飡׸ûм죬Ĺأ˵ˣȥԺܸʲô
ôѾǴŵĹأѳ
ҪҪҵľ˵ĻǾһɣЩ˵
ɽӿųС㣬ҪôҪôûеڶѡ˲ö
ɽӣ㲻ҪͱˣҲ˵Ҫô׻ҪôҸһ
СͱѸ߻ˣʱƽκεĺ
С㣬ڱˣ
ɽӿųѾӿֳһĨɱ  ѺȻоԼЩʧˣΪɽƺԼŮ
Լ棬Ҫʲô  ɽҲ㣬ҲҪң˭ҪǶһףǿɲҪҳ
׿ųЦŵλسϵĿأֲǴС㣬Сֺαأ֪Ϊʲôҵسˡ
ߣˣҲ䣿ɽ
״ǳسϲС㣬Ҳ֮ǰִõ˵ġسϿСÿ춼ңʣҪŪңʵҲ⣬
㡭˵
ɽӸոƳɹ׵һ仰ȴлΣ  ҲһѾһߵˣ׵ĻܶҲʼ  ŶôԺﱾɱۡ
ɽ֪ٲֵĻһ»и۶ӣҪˣ
Ҳû뵽ûоԼͬ£һﾹȻˡ




1006췴
 

ס֣
ѴһŶִõĵԭ׹ģڵһŭȣɵϰһͣסˡ
Ŷɱһ
ɽƺѸˣˣ
ɽӣ󵨣Ļ㶼Ҳˣ
ŭһԭЩֵĵҲһ⵽ôһ°  ִõˣһҲЩȦˣ
ɽΪִõⱾҵķ֮¡һﲻɽԺʲôȵִõĳأ
ɽӿųѣ壬Ϊһж·ߣ
ɽӣȺɣѵĻѾ˵ĺء
ɽһҲðǳСͱˣ޴棡ǲֵĻһǸأŶ֣
ǣϣ
Ŷ͸һӵ֮ɫ׾ǿһһ㣡
ųѵĸ״ˣءɽĻˣ
ѵɫҲѿ˼㣬ôɽôǶԼһ£  ҲһѵľأɽӣԺԼûκεȨˡ
ҪֹɽӣҲ֪ɽӻ淴ʱڶǱⲻˣ  ѿɽӳسϣҿǴӳɣ
Щˣ  ʱ֪Ӧô죬Ϊ֮ǰûгֹ  Ȼ漫Ϊĸǿ˵ʵһŮˣ  һܵ鼫˺Ů˶ѣ
˳˳ˮʱһȨһŮǿˣ
ǵֵʱ֪ӦôˣɽðԼҲʱڶ  ⲻ̫ڵ˿ЦԵ޹ʵȵʵ  ڵﻹܹĵ𰡣
ԲУˣ˱ɽӸһŲã  ׿ųѳɽӲһССĳ϶ѣײҲһųϵҶײ˼
ߣˣҲˣ䣡ɽӳ
ʵô֪˵ڰԼأ  ķһЩͬѰɽһ̬ȣȻ׼
ǸղŶı֣оһΣУ
ЩᣬһԼŮһִõ֪Ϊʲôᷢչӣ
һɽӣ˵Ķԣ㵨ҶײǾѲҪ췴ɣ
С㣬㻹ǲɽӵ˿Ȼ㲻ҵ˿췴Σ
ɽӴǰʱƺվ˵µƸߵ֮ϣ  췴  һһܶӶŵ˺˼  Ŷʱʱվλͬţس϶֮ģؿɼǴСһУΪνĲ֪ľ˾ƻڹ棬Ҫسڲ壬ŴŻʲô˼ѲԺֻҪ׹ȥҪɣ
سϣǼӵ㣡
سϣȴŻûʲô˼Ǹɣ
ǣС㲻ףû취ˣ
سƽʱǴҶôãˣǴһҪسϰ
ܿ죬ƺֳˣȥɽƺҪ١
Щ˺ܵƻ
ټɽƽʱЩССĶ࣬ȷǷǳĸǣ
ѿɽǱߵԽԽֱ࣬ͨͨû뵽ôһС飬Ȼ˵𶯣
ɽӣ㡭㵨ұţ
ѵһ˿įоԼЩվˡ
һԵĳҲһҲû뵽ԼԣȻһ
ʵѾˣԲʲôżȻ¼
ɽѾߺ˳׼ղŵȫװΪ췴ֵʱô̹Ȼ
׿ɽЦһسϹȻĵĸ֣ҿȵˡ
ߣСӣһжôģһһΪŵķչȴԼݰٰĵѣɽӳ
ŶɽӵسϣҪ˷ϻˡȻݲǣǸƴˡ
ѣͶҿԸһ֮λɽʵҲ֪ѺͳǾԲܹġ
ǿԼʦݳл͵ķ˺Ů  һݳлɽ飬ΨһǳѺͳš
ɽӣֻǣһǿɽӵĿû뵽ԼȻƭô꣡
˿̣սһ




1007
 

㳡  ˶û뵽ԭֻһڵĵںԺڹ棡
ھȻݱִóɽӴһ˵췴ˣ  仯̫ͻȻЩԭԼ֧ɽӵЩУһѾʼԥ
Ͼ췴ĸŶ  һѹɽӳϵĻǿ¾·һˡ
ڼǿûлͷ
Ѿǳ˶ͷʱ򼴱һЩˣҲֻܹˡ
һҪɽӮأʱǻұˡ
һζĲȻ˶ЩڻϿָоûκεİ취
Ѿزݲκεѡ
ȣҪѪɺˣ
˵ʲôѡվҪһʤˡ
Ѻͳг˵֮ɫǳѣоһвΪ׵顣
˵׵ӦòǸͷѣԭӦþɽҪ췴
ѣΪȹԼŮǿƻڹ棬ôܹأɽӽΪȵҵȲˡ
ɽǱ٩٩̸ų¶һ˿Ц
Ϊ˽죬ɽıʮʱ䣬ҲǱʮʱ䡣
Ҫ֪Լ̫ڵĻǿ˵Ĺϯӣǵλߵνִóܹ
Դʲôǿɶͬնﰡ  ɽӣ㵽ʲôˣҿıѾãΪŵҵѲ㲻֪췴ŵͷȴ֣ҿ㣡
ңֵСôںԺݺңΪǳľˣǾͿԵߵǷɽ಻ɳӣ
ɽŭһԴǵһ˻ľˡ
׿ɽӵɽӣô껹һιǰ
Ҳɽӣĸ׿㣬Ϊȵִû뵽㾹Ȼˣ
ʲôʸ˵ңҿ̿Ļǻ֮λףҵһҪɱ˾㣡
ɽЦһѾһˣ
ɽӵɽӣ춯һԡ
ٺ٣λȵֵܽǣѺͳҲ壬˲һˣǷģҽҳɹҶȻԳĸӶκεĲóԺúȵĹš
ɽΪݳлͽԼѣѺͳν˵˺˽Ů  ôܹ׵ĵأ
ȻﲻĻôȻһѣܹȡķ  ģ  ɽһİ  سΪլʺ񣬸Ҿֵˣ
ǰĸŮȷǰĺܣѲɾΪǴСľ˾ͿΪΪ𣿡
ҿҲǣسϣǻᶨվһߵģ
ǰسϣһսףΪȵδҲģ
ɽߣܶ˶Ⱥ鼤ܣǷǳļ  ˵ɽԽˣԽԵǸˣ  Ҫһ֪ɽ̫ڵˣ֪ʱһʲôıأ
ѿɽŭһɽӣұ㣬ִ̫Բˣţ
˵ЩʲôС΢һįģ統ҵԴȳΪŵĴڣ
ɽ΢΢һЦʵڣѾǿס˾棡  Զ쳤ϻǱɨŵأĿһֱɽӡ
ʱֻҪһ£쳤Ͽ϶ǵһʱס˳ѣôһоͻ᳾ˣ
ĸ״ˣҿһıѾã󴳺ԺӦҲĹĿľҪġ
ɵҲǿһЩԾĵط  ˼Ҫ췴ĻôշҹʵҲûõģΪʵ̫ѷˡ
׽Ҷһ٣Ժأ
ԺǾԲôĽҵģҲ缸飡  Ҳҿɽڶ¶֮ǰȳ뿪ȵĻôʱ׽
ڳĸ˵ʧΪһ飡
ɽӣɣ
Ŀ͸һɱһִɽӣĹһֲ̡
֪֮ǾҪõģ
ȻѾ¶ҪԼˣôڸ˽ʲôأ
ɽĻҲôˣ  ѾҪһﵽ·ţ񡭡




1008ɽӵĵ
 

ݣ  ѻһĻߣɽӵķֱȥ
᳤磡  ǽ֮һˣĽӰڿ裡
Ž  һȣѾɱԶɽӣ
ͬʱ˶˿Ȼ֪ǿߵĶԿ׻Შ޹
ɽ¶һ˿˿Цὣӭųѵķֱȥ
ɽ֪ȻͬΪ龳ĺڣͳѻһЩġ
ΪƺѾͻ龳۷ļ󣬶ԼǸո̤龳ڶѣ
ҲΪʲôڳѵ鶼ɵһԭ  Ϊűʤİգֻ飬ĵô˵նɱɽӣ  
һĽɽѾǽ֯˿Уһ˫Ľռ䶼Ϊ֮  ׿ųҲ΢΢һЦóӦȲʤȯģ  ɽƺûκεľţӦҲźֵģ  غɽԸоЩ  ʱǱһ˿ʴ֮ĵɽӣڸһλᣬͶȨ¡
ѣұҪô̬ңҶȻҪ㸶ۣɡ
ɽһεתԼڵųѵķ򹥻ȥ  Ӱأ  ɽķţҲͨԼ߳һĳѣڲϵĴԼս飡  Ϊ֪쳤Ѿ˳ѣһԼֲ֧ʱ쳤Ϻ׾ͻᲹģ  ԼԻս飬ʱѵľ쳤ҲԲѴ֮Ӯһεս
һõֶΪأ
֮Ҳһ֣һͲԼĶ֣أ  Ϊһֲ֮ɵӣһûкֵĻԲ׵ľͷģ  ԽǿɽЦݣԽЩԾһ߸ɽսһעΧĶ
ôԼʶȥ̽飬û̽κεĲԾ  ɱ
ѽһҪٵĽսΪϵʱԽʱԽ׻۶ӳ֣
˾ôڿȥò֣  ĳԼĸ׸ɽӶսҲΪԼĸһѺ
֪ԼĸȻռϷ磬սûнҲҵİ
ף㡭˵ܲӮ
ȻԼĸӦǿӮģϣӱ˵϶Ĵ𰸣ʾҪ԰ɣ
׿˿һǵĳν
ЦŵϾһ֮ʵǿᣡҿɽӾԲǳĶ֣ͷİɣûµģ
ǰɣִ磬ҲûûµġΪͬĵͷƺһ׵ĻźܴӰġ
ЦŵҲﲻʲôæֻܹߵŽ𣿡
ͷɽǸǣҪĸ׿ŵĻڵļһ
Ǻǣ˼ǹóأ׿ų΢΢һЦ
ģ⡭ôأôΪʲô
Щ̫ŵĿףҲ̫˼ˣҪ֪ɽӿǸ˽ʮļһﰡ
ʮ߰ǰͿʼֵĻôֻܹ̾ʵ̫ˡ
΢΢ҡͷһл֪ҾӦԣ
һץӦþʲôˡĻôĸ׿ǾԲŹġƶ˵
Ҳ΢΢ͷȴôΪ˼ûκεıƾһҲԲܹ  Ϊм㣬뾡취ı㣡
ǷǳĿµģ  У  ѵţɽƺߴˣѾ޿˵ĵزˣ
ɽӣԭҪһִԲ򣡣ϣ㵽һ磬úõķʡʡԼɡ
ѵ۾΢΢һ飬ƺĨһ˿˿Ĳ̣  ʱɽȴ¶һ˿ЦݵѣΪӮô
νûκε壬ɣ
Լеķɽɽӵķ򹥻ȥ
˷ĽɽӷɱȥһĨĨγһɽҪƾƺûκεĿԣ  䣡
ʱһΪǿɽӵΧ˲ƿ˳ѵĽ  ܿ죬һɨѵѾǳ˳ѵĸǰһ˿üĿ΢ЦеһĨݣͷȻһλ֣  ͷ㡭
һݵĿǰߣǺϤģΪ߾뵽ȵţһɨ֮ˣ  û뵽ɽӹȻеƣ




1009
 

ⲻͷôط
ǰŵͷǸɨصʵȻôǿ
ҵĸԹ԰˿ǰһ۸š
Żûм˲ߺģ̫ˣ
µһͷȻǰ棬Ҳŵһ¡
Ϊʮа˾ŶͷǶֵģһЩ˶ͷֱǸһ㣡  ڿ˼ͻȻ˳һֵģǶǴסˣ
Σ
οų¶һ˿Цݣʮʱ䡣
ɽӽ֮Ǹ𱣻ɽӣɽӽûжãξͻ˽  ʮһգμ춼Ǳɨأһֱ  ҲϰˣЩɽ׼ոȣԼ̫ڵˡ
Ҳ֪Լʹǰɽȣ
ʵϣεʵӦͿոˣ̫ڵ˲֪浽׻ûصĸ֡
һֱûҶ  Щ꣬һֱ̽ȵ鱨ɽӵóһۣ  ǾǳӦþΨһĸˣ
õϢɽҲǷǳ˷ܣΪ˵õϢʮʱ䣡
Ҳȥ°ʱ򣬳һζԳеһЩɽ֪ˡ
֪ûи֮ε˾Ϳʼˣ
ɽԭ¶мʱ䣬ʱ̫ڿ϶Ǵѹɽɸĳ  Ⱦɽ֮ʱӦոӦСһ׮  ҲΪɽӾ̫ˣǰɣҪܶ࣡  ʱҲΪ̫ڶȡɽɣһϰ
ԭһŵЦʧˣüΣȵΪ
µҲͲˣ΢΢һЦ
ɽҲǻĴӵվ쳤ϣ˵˵˵Ȼ˵ĻǾʦҲá
ʦ˭ʦŭһƺһֲõԤУ  ⱲӣΨһ˾ݳлͣ
һںԼʦѲһݳл͵ͽܲɣ  Ļ³ԼҪѪˣ  Լĸ׵ɫҲǸϽǰĸ״ˡ
ųѣɽӺεɱ⣡  ɽӳų΢΢ҾɽӰݼʦ
ѾЩըˣ
һ˿ŶоһĪղŻŵļˣںһεĻص㣡  ǸɽӴЩˣʱسϾȻԳ˵ĿҲһ  ҪĺͺõĻǲǵˣ  һҪϷĻ˿¾ܺˣ
ֻܹųеΣǸ֪׷ʲô飡  εĳ֣óѾû˶ֵͷղԼǿһȻɵľͻˡ
˵˴˵ʵ徳ǺԼ龳һ簡
Լʱ֣Ǽֱˣ
ߣû뵽ǾȻ̫ڵˣ
һ˹֮ǰֲ˼ϷԼĶѣ
ɽӵıȻǸݳлͣһᵽóѺ޲ǧеˣ  ʦʦһֱ㣬ֺαأɽ΢΢һЦ
û뵽̫ھȻ˵ıӣȻʲôʦʲôͽܣѴڴڵĴŴ޲ɱǰɽӡ
ΪԼΪʹ޵˵ͽܣҪһ
ûʵԼʵ̫ͣ
οųѳ̫ڹΪλʮ󳬼ţȴ̫ڷȥѾձɽ̫鱾һ壬ֻҪֵ̫ĻԻͣΪһ֮˽ڣǲԵ˽һЩأ
㡭ǣ
ѱĶ֪˵ʲôˣǲ뿴ʲôͷʲô  µľ̫ڵģû뵽ⲻ̫ڵˣɽӸݳл͵ͽܣ  ǶҲûô˵ģ
ɽʵ㡭ղ˵ʦ˭˭
ѵдһ˿˿Ļңһֱ̫Ƕô¶ôһţ  ó֪Լĸ׾̫ڵһ޴Ĵ
ɽӿûôʱ俼ڵĵ֮Ҫȣ湦  ųС㣬ɲȳŮ̫ŮԺհ
һ˲䣬׻һ㣬˶ԵЩˣ
ѿԼŮܵ˵Ĵŭˣ




1010³
 

ɱǣ
ŭģôܣû뵽챻˸˵ˡ
ԵĻһֱܣ
οųѹ΢΢һЦֱӳֿȭӭȥ
䣡
εֽеĽסƶȻ𣡣  徳ڣ  ǿչ¶ţ˸оηѳ׵ıεƸסˣ  ĸоӿͷûκεķ֮  һͣôҲܹԼĸ׾Ȼ̫ڵ
Ϊ֮ǰһֱԼĸ˵̫ԼȵУһУ
ǽȴһȫ߸Լֵ۵ָоһԼĸףһԼĸףӦεľأ  Сһֱϣ֪Լĸ׵˭  ˭Ҳû˵ԼĸѾ˵ԼĸˣţȴҲûκεİ취
ȫû뵽ڽʱ̣Ȼ֪Լĸ׵˭  ءɽӾȻ̫ڵˡ
ûû뵽ǾȻ̫Լţǡ
̫ǿ˹ҲǶְǸ̫ҾҲûʲô
ǰ̫ڿλʮ󳬼ţԺҪǸ̫ڵĻǳĺģ
˵ʵôᣬ˶ϲǺοأһ֧سϣ
£ܶ˿ʼ۷׷ף
һκܶȴʼı˷ʵҲóһγѾǱذˣ
һˣȴǳѵң  ʱ򿴵裬ܶѾҧгݣűľ׼̫ڵչˣ  ҵ޵ģοųѳȺ̫ڱһңֺαΪԼ˽˶Թǣ浽أ
̫ڱ޳ܣȻĵֶΣǲúݳлͣҾҲŹģѽ˵
ߣ˵ŻǲҪֱĺãγ
ھɱңŭһ
һԵĳǿڵĸ״ˣ˵𣿡
Ȼ鵽һҲûбҪˣݳл͵ȷĸףĸӣһˣĸף
ĸ״ˣϾҵĸףҴСһ涼ûм
ʦʵʦҲŲѵĿԣʱ˼һ͵귢һеģɽӳڣȱ˳̫ڣ򣬵ʱѪɺӣǿɾЩòʧˡ
ԡһʵҲﻢ£  ĸ̫ںϲĻǧˣΪȵڹһ̫ΪУ  ˳ʹС֮⣬κ˵Ҷһ£ɱۣ
ɽӻ˵ɣеĺâѾľģĹͣԲκεʧ
ɽӣ㡭ſҵĸסֱȥץԼĸףҲǲһеĳ˹ȥ  ҪѿԼŮԼֺּ£  һС㣬Ȱ㻹ǲҪֵĺã˴С㣬ǿɾͲ̫ˡ
׿ǰľҲЩĿɿڴ  Ѫ簡  ǹѪ磬û뵽ѾȻ̫ݳл͵ŮˣȻݳл͵Ů
ⶼʲôʲôֱ˿  ĲǷ֮ĳڿԼİæˣҲЩֺõĸо  Ҫ˳Ļɲһﵽ˭ˣ  ͳղŸԼ빲ҲҪŮ
οҪӳѵĿе֪ɽɵϢأ  ںεĻ˿оԼŶûκεˣ  ν𣡣  ֱӳεŴ̶ֱȥƺҪһоҪε
С㣬˿ɻûгأ̫ڵĴ£Ҳһ˽Ůܹܵģ
ƺЩҰοƺڸԼɣ
Ҫˣ
أ
ֱһȭ˳֮ϣֻĸʵʵİһ£  ͣ  Ѫ׵Ĩһ˿ɱϼһﻹǸҶԳְ
ղһΪԼĺܶԣûʵǵ͹ϼһľģ̫ڵĺ
쳤ϣ˵Ů㻹µȥְɽƺҲЩں˵
οɽ΢΢һЦ˵˼Ѿȷˣκ赲һͳ˶ˡֻҴ⣬ΪҪһѣҴɱȻˣ
쳤ϣҿţǸ׵ļһ
ɽӴ˿̿ףɱƵ֣
΢΢һЦһССڵСӣҲֵҶֲɣ
ǾɣСҿž;һ񣬾ôʵȻҲҸˣᣡɽЦһ
˿Ѿǳ׵ķ˹ȥÿһƺһ㣡




1011
 

С㣬û°ɣ
׿ųʵѾΪˣ  Ҳ֪Ҳɱ˳ղһֻһ  Ȼȥĺأʵϳ˲أ  ѵ΢΢ԼŮˣ۾Щɺ֮ɫ
Ŀһ£Ȼûʲô󰭣ʹϮȫ
׵㡭ܣǻɱģ
ߺߣܣСӽĶҲܲˣҾҪСӳʲôʮ˲ζ
ɽӵϹ֮ɫΪĲˬ
СӲһƻԼļƻҲҪɽ𻢣Сӱ
ҪֶЩԥ˿̫Ե³ģ  ׸ɽӣųС㣬廹ãһЩˣӦòǺأ
¶һ˿ĸжǵʱ׾ȻԼ壡  ĸоĺܺãһȻҪͶ뵽˵Ļ֮У  ɣ
ɽһȭȭͷһƿյ˲  ˵Ŀⶼɽӵȭͷ֮ϣ֪һ׵Сӿ¾Ҫȭɱˣ  һЩСѾסͣ  䣡
һȭȴǱߣ˿ڿɽӣѾǿѪЩվˣ  ˭
ԭЦеĿǰһУɵɽӵȭͷҪ׵һ˲䣬һǿʶŰ
ŵҲǶһ£˿ȫ䱸ĿΧ
Ϊ֪ǿ״ӺζѲڻһΪ֪ĳ֣
Ļ
θоһĵҪĻ½һһ֮ˣ  ٺ٣ô۸˼ŮˣЩ찡
һͯӰȺĺ˳ӿȥΪĻܶ˿ķ򣬶ǳź濴ȥ
ǿһ߽ͯʱ򣬼˶ÿһ·
סˣ  ɽסˣ
ѺȵĵǶסˣ
Ǹ֪һﵽ˭Ӻζôһڣ  οСһ㡭˭
ңҵֽ塭
˺ͯǱˣ飬ԭղžѾ׼ζˡ
ų֮ǰ׵ֺı飬ӦӪһΧ
ʵ׸ղҲЩ֣һͱŪˣһǲ֣  ȻղûֵĻ϶һʱֹˡ
ûиоʲôɱ⣬ҪһﵽҪʲô  ɽҪɱ׵ʱȻǳˣ  Ϊ֪ʱҪ¶ԼݣȻ˵ĻҲҴȥҲҴңΧˣ  ףнţѹҲûпһѰأ
ҿûôТĶӣ
΢΢һ̾һԵĳѿӣȻҲһЦ  ܹ˵Ц֪Ӧ൱Ľˣ
ɫͺ죬ղΪ̫ţû뵽Ȼһ֡
֮ҲǾЩԾˣ
㡭㾹ˣңŭһ
ӴӴӴˣôˣ˭۸Ůţϲľǿ۸Ů
鳯ǰߣģηһﾹȻѾǳĸǰ  䣡
ֱһȭǿöɫɷף
һԵɽӿҲŵЩ겻ĸоʵ̫ǿˣ  Σ徳ڵĸ֣ȻǴ˵һ֮У
ۣ
˿ڿΣѾǱ˽ʮ׿⣬˿ѪſڵϼѵҪôȴƺҲ
һε˸м֮飡  Ȼ֪˵˭֪λǰ϶Լģ
㡭㵽˭̫ڵˣɽӿ飬Ҫ̫ں飡
鿴ɽ΢΢һ̫̾ڣǸ޳̫֮ôǵùҸ̫ڿŲĳް
㡭㾿ǺˣɽЩ°ĭĸоСӼֱβ
ɱ˵ˣ
Ҳøһϻһصϰˣ
ɽӻҪڣ˿һ̩ɽѹϢѾ
ɫһƬ  ˲䣬ոջҪɱ׶ɽӣѾǱң
λûлѾǸɽһ³
˷·ûгֹطһ㣡  ׵ĳһ˲͸ıƣҲ֣Ϊʵʵ̫ǿһЩ
࡭лǰ֮
ѿ飬Ҳǳ΢΢Ҿ콵һֻȻεĸо
鿴˿ѵ·˵أһ۸Ů⻹ˣȻˣҵҲмҪֽ̡




1012±֮ѩϢ
 

ȣ
ԭѾʧɽӺε˾;͵֮  һƬϢǳѵ׷޲ȸԾ
ѶЩɱ֮ҲǿϾЩȵˣܲܶɶ˰ɣ
Ǹɽߵĺܽͬһνˣûôõ³ˡ
ЩʱɴɱҲܹŹ  ɽһ֮󣬳ѾԼܹڵˣ֮ΣԼԼŮ֮ˣ
һ֮׷ų´  ˳ѵķۣ׻ǲ²Ǿһεܸ֮оЩ⣡
һΣңôĹԼŮҲʱһֻ۱һֻˣ  ѺԶ  ȵϱˣҪλǰֵĻȽͱ̫ˣ
ǰѹֱȭ׼к
΢΢ֵҿɲŸղǶСӿĵģ֣
֣ԭǰѹӭǰݣѿ飬ȻҲǷǳľ壬ǿԵӣǸоЩŤ
鿴ųЦŵؿһȣҲѯ
ǰȾ;֮飬֪ǰΪ£֪ĻȻ֪޲޲
Ҫ̫ĺ벿֣Ѿöǿġ
鿴ų΢΢һЦʵʵܼ򵥣˵ȵɽɹϵǳĲ
ǰϢҲͨȺɽǾԵͬˣʵҲһ̫ǹͬĵˡ
ѳȻЩȲ£ΪҪõһžɽɣ
ܶ˲֪ȴǳ  û뵽λǰȻɽȤѲҲǳɽģ  ЦŵǸðҾֱ˰֪ĻɲҪ˽Ŷ
ǰģֻҪǰɽɲҶȻʵ棡ѳ
һɽɵı֮ѩųӦòİɣ
ǰ㡭ô֪ģ
ѵ𶯣û뵽龹Ȼ֪֮ѩ飡
ʵϣɽ֮⣬Ҳֻг֪̫ΪʲôΧɽˡ
ǵĿľ֮ѩ  Ҫ֪֮ѩǿһλǿ߰ı̫ڵ˵õĻµʱһҶˣ
ڵ˿ҲҪ˱֣  ǿܹͳһλ龳۷ǿߵĶ  鿴˿ѹһЦ֪İѲɽɵ֮ѩˣ
ȻǰѾ֪ˣҲûκε˼ˣֻϣǰҪ̫ڡЩ˵ҲһΣ
λǰոհԼնɱλ̫ڵˣӦǿεġ
һŵأʱǸɽɴ鷳
鿴ųѵӦÿԿóҲɽ֮ˣŵˣʱΪ˵õ֮ѩҲ߾ȫֹ̫ڡ̫ôײ𣿡
ҲǣɽһѾȫ֮ѩˣֻҪ֮ͨѩȡһЩõԴѸ֮󣬸ڵΣգԥš
һ仰ǳеһУ  һЦĪ¶̧ͷ֮ѩ֮ʱ
ǰµû̫ڽʿɽɺŮԴɽɾͷŮܰ꺭ȴһƢˣǸ̫ڽɽɵĽڣҲײ֣Ҫ֪һλʮ󳬼ſɲİ
Ѿ˵ˣԾͶ˵һЩ  ͷ⵹ҲǣȻ֪Ϣ̫ھԲô׵õġöҲҪõ
ǰĸŵģ
ЩĿ˿飬Ҳ֪˵״Ӻζ
һԿ㡭㿴ȥôС
סڣݵ񣡡һԼŮ˵Ҳһ  鿴˿ֿ˿һЦ޷޷ϲ˵С
СŮеǰĵطǰһֻܹԲ
޷޷ȻҪ֪ҳԺηҸʵҲ޷Ծ̫幬֪û
鿴ų΢΢һЦдһ˿ϷʣԼλʦ绹ֻңۻɶǸԼˣ




1013εװɱ
 

̫幬
ѿ飬Ĩһ˿֮ɫ  ̫幬ǿͷһŰû뵽ԼȾȻǱ̫幬ȣ
ôҲССɣЦʵ
ɫһǰ˵Цˣ˵ССɵĻôȻŶ㲻ˣ
αǫһҴǼǰԭҪҳ֮ѩ飬û뵽Ȼ̫ڵ˵ҡʼ
Ҳµ˵̫ʱ޿̲ȣҵҲ̫ڵĶֻ֣ܹһһˡǰ½ձ֮ʱ
ȳΪҾ̫幬ˣȻỤȵİȫΪŵ˵
ˣЩĿ飬̫ڿλʮ󳬼š
ĸ״ˣ֮ǰǻ˵˼Ҿ̫幬ʵǿ󣬲̫֮ʵ΢͸ղͷɽ˼ܹţҿͶ˾̫幬ʵڡ
ҲʵľøղԼĸһ֧ʵ̫ˡ
ʵϣҲʲôŴɣҸʵҲνġ
̫ţǱ˿һ飡  ΪǱλʮ󳬼ţһ˵ҲһŶѣ
ɽһҲ㲻ϣǾĳ֮£Ҳһ˵飡
οĻԼĸҲһЩ  ѿ˿ǰʵ΢˵Ҳֻ̫幬ϺȣʯѷҲԡ
ѵǲԸ⣬û˼Ҿ̫幬ˣҲǱˣ  ˼ҸŵĻ̫˼ˣ
ֻĶˣ  ҲֻǿԣҪ˵ÿЩʯĻǻȾûа취ˣ
ʵôҲΪף
ΪƺԼʦ˼һԺɩӵĻǻһˣ
Ҳţ˼ʵݣ  һЦ޷Ǿ̫幬ų̡̫ܲ
ǰѲɹڱҵȣǲҪⲻ̫ܰɣЩ̫ŵʵ
ȻҪһЩġһЩĺӵĻǾ̫幬ɣΪرÿһӵĻʱȻҲǷĻر
Ҳǲ٣˲Ϊȱģ
ΪʲôҪһͳ磬㷺˲ţΪԺȥɽ  ʲôë߰ⶫҪپж٣
˲ȴǺģڶ࣬츳ڵȴ޼  ܹھһЩʵ˵ĻЩԺܹ߳Ƶ
һЩʯʲôأ
˶ѣѵÿЩʺܸߵ˵ĻҲûжĳϢ  ˼˶ЩҲǺܸεĲ𣿸ο˼һзĴֱǿװǰ  ǵԼʲôҲûи˼ṩȻܹõ̫幬ıȼֱǰһ飡
ȻճϢΪرȻҲһЩöġ
˵껹׵ķ˿׳΢΢ףƺͬĻ
һгѵȻܹ뵽׾Ǿ̫幬أ
¶֮ɫǰ⡭ô˼أովǣǶûимأû뵽ȴ
ȳΪǵĸţұҲӦõһֵ
Ը̫幬ֲͬɵӣֺȥң
̫ڣһܹ̫ڶŸɵţ
ο˼λǰͰףּթ֮ˣ  ˵ˣƺҲûʲô˼ҿصģ  ΢΢һЦãӭԺҿɶһս˰Ժ˭۸ȣͱţ
նɱҽ̫ϳﳽλǰ
ѳ׵ˣղնɱεʱѹҲʵ  Աţǰһ  ǿ쳹簡ƺҲϲ飡
Ϊ鿴һС˼ȴһ֮նɱǿﳽܶ˶Ϊ龳ڵǿߣ
һ龳ڵǿߵı˵ֱһ޴Ŀɽ
ЦŵС²ҳݣ
һװı£ҲЩˣеװɱ  ųѺͳǳԵ鳯׵ЦЦ
ûİһ飬Ҳ֨һ˵Ҫ˵©ˡ
鿴ųѵ̸̸Σ




1014ϵ¸ڱ
 

ꣿǰܹȣѾĪĶˣֻǰ֪΢˵һѣôܹҪıأ
̰ڰֵȻʱҪıʵǲʱˣ
һԵĳǰܸǽǾ̫幬𣿻ǸصףҶǷǳĳݵİ
΢΢һЦĵݵ˲ߵλ
ֻҲ֪ʱǣԼݣҪһԭҪɱ̫ڵһֲ  ʱ¶ݣȻҲûʲôվпܻһЩҪ鷳  Լĳ֣Ҳǻ׵Σ
ʵ֮ǰʵڲеĻʱȻҲԹ۵ġ
飬ȻҲûбҪ¶Լˡ
ѿʼǰŮ¹ʣൣ
ﰡһ˾Ͳ˵һ˰û׼ԺС㻹Ϊ˵˵ҲЦЩҪŭӣҲǸϽתƻţʵҲһͨ˶ѣʱû׼ʧء
ģǵż񣡣̵
һΪҲǵżأҲǺٺһЦ
ǰЦˣȻҲǵż񰡣̫幬֣ǿɶǵżû뵽һλż񣬲ҾҪ
ƺЩһ˵
ҲЦŵǰ磬ܶ˶ҪһλķɣһǰҵҲҰ
ǧ򴩣ƨ  ųѺͳĻҲЦ˻һ㣡  һŻµӣҡԴһνӡ
ЦŵҲôûʲôģûʲôģˣҲҪƴˣ˴˵һ˵˸Ǳ꣬ҪǲŵĻҿɲ˰
ǡǻѴллǰˡ
һһӣȻҲ֪˼ǰþͲҪ׵ˡ
˵ˣ˼ҪԼԴԼʱ򻹲ŵĻ˼Ҫˣ˲
ʵҲΪ鳤Сһ㶼£  ֮ǰѾ˱ľˣܹǸоһɡ
ͨ飬ݳлҲûκεĺøУ
һԼŮ˺ŮҪ۸ϵҲʲôõϵˣ  οӦ֪ԼĴڣΪʲôôǲԸԼŮһأ
ںҲ飬Ҫһĳֿˣ
´  Ŀռ֮УҲֻĸˣ  һ£
ԭտĴ֮Уһ˲һʯɵСɽ
ɫʯ˿ŶоһļѴԼڶûмôʯ
˶ʯҲŵЩ֨ˡ
⡭ⲻᶼǸǵİɣҲ֪ʯҪԣΪ֮ŮÿҲһǧʯѣ
ôʯԵĿһ£мʯ  ʲôѲͷʯѾֵǮ˻զΣ  鿴˿΢΢һЦЩŲ£ûйϵѾ׼һöָǧʯһЩҩȴջã˵
ۣ
ѲûһѪ˵ıоһĴͣ  ָǧʯ
ǿǼֵǵĶ
ָǰҿЦɣǿɶǾĶҡ
Ѷ֪Ӧô˵ˣһԵĳĿˮˡ
ȵļҵӼҲûһôֵǮ˼һ־
Ȼˣ⴫˵еĴָǸҲģ
ݳлĳŵһöָɣ
΢΢һЦ˵ʵղŵϢȻǱмֵĶ࣡˵Ҳռ˱ˡ
һǰҡʵܲ𰡣
һ˵ˣǷ˰
鿴ųһЦǫ飬ҵǸϲһֱ
ߣҲɫһҡ̫ˣ
׿ųӣҲݸһЦϲʹС˰
ףԺʲôʲôû¡׺ٺһЦ
ѳǰأô˵أ
ڰֵ޷޷ҿС츳Ǹ֮İ
һֻڶСӾȻϷԼ
ЦݣҲû˵лǰޣ
֪Ƿǰɽɣ
ڷҲˣ׿϶ҪȥɽɵģȻ˵ĻȻһȥˡ
ŵôһȥء




1015µִɽ
 

ɽȵѺţǰôҲҪȥһġ
ѿ飬ʵһҲ׼  ɽĳΪ̫ڵĵ̣ʱһپһ𣡣
㳲֮ѣ
ɽһʧأȿ϶ҲѲ˸ϵġ
ȻȳΪ˾̫幬ĸţǻҪȥɽɡ
ĳֻܹϣھ̫幬ˣĻ֮仹ܹƴһƴ  ЩСҲֻܹзˣ
΢΢ͷ֮ѩһǱȽϵĸȤġȻ˵ĻǲһȥΣ
ǰ˻棿
һļҪ֪ܹնɱﳽȾǿߵ
ĸȥĻȻ˵ԼǼֱһ  ΢΢һЦڸţλǰȥĻҲ˳һʡǰŸճΪǾ̫幬ĸţžͱ˸ˣ飿
Ļ˵һ©ҲûУѵȻҲûκεĻɣ  ˵ˣ⣬̫ǵޣ  Ҫĺ̫ڿĻΨһİ취ֻͬˡ
̫幬Ȼһ̫ڵĶ֣˼ҲǸƣеһƴɣ
ҲҪȥ
һߣҲǼĿųѵ
ѳ㻹ʵʵĴŰɣ˴ǰɽҹƱؽһսʵ΢
ǿˣһȥҲԱˣ鿴һ׺ٺһЦ
ȥѿʵ
Це˵ĸ֪ȻһȥˣСһ￴ȥûʲô飬ôǳȥ۽
ǡ
ܹԼŮȥΪʲôҪأ  ʵЩ벻ͨ˼ǰ벻ͨҲֻܹ
ллǰǰʵȺĸ״ԥʲôأ
Լĸʲô⣬ֱһƨ˦˹ȥ
ˣȻǰˣͱһˡ̾˿
˷ܵ˵ʦ֣Ͻллǰĸ״ˣ
ƣСӾȻԼ̣  Ҳ֪ȻģĿȴѾˡ
΢΢ֵлл
ȵΣʱǽˣĳ˵Ҫľάֺŵ򣡣  ôԴ֮еĵҲ
ѻʱ䣬һɽӺθȴӰ졣
ͨһε飬Щҡڲͳͳı·ŵš
ЩԼͬЩˣǵõ˷ǳԴʱյĻȵʵȻһʵķԾ  Щ켸һ뵽Ҫȥɽɣиһļ
С󼸺ûгɽţһܹʶˣȻǷǳĿģ
ټһ˾̫幬ĳǼѣ  ֹ죬һѾ뿪ȵɽţɽɵķ򼲳۶ȥ  ɽŷУ
ɽɿνַǷ۸ӡ
ʵϣһ̫ڵ쳣ٶѾ˺ܶ೬ŵע⡣
ڡԪڵȳţǶ̫ڵΪ  ǲ֪֮ѩ飬ȴ֪һ飡  ǾǾеĵһҵ꣬ڶ¶֮ǰҵҾ˵һش񣡣
Уǿھ̫幬Уһӿˡ
˭֪̫幬ҽ飿˵ڵľ̫幬ѾΪһδ棡  һξҪ˳ĿҵǿҲǲ̫׵ģ
Ȼˣ̫幬ʮֵأȻܶҲ֪ôŵĴڣǺ˼ʲôӣ  һˣͷɫңɽɵŷУ
ĸ״ˣȥﰡӣҲΪ˷ܵʵ
ѿ˿ʵǰ
ձǾгӣʱ϶֡ٺһЦҪʱûеطȥĻǲȴھоͺˣ
УɽѾǷɽţʱȥҲЩ̫ʣǾ鷳ǰˡҲ֪һܼܲأ
Ѷھ̫幬Ҳǳ˺棬Ͼһһ
̫幬Ȼ֮Ҳ˴۾
ܶ˸û˵һţҲҪλŵ䵽ǺҲ  ϾڵѾΪ˼ҵĸţټʶ飬⳯˺ð
ҪܹĹϵĻԺҲĶˡ




1016¸ƨ
 

У
ĸһд׼룬ʱſڵѦżǰҲ΢΢ü  ߺˣ
Ѧǰļ˳Щ˵˭
СӣôʲôѦһЦ˵ֳϣôҲǰ˵һҲˣ
ȻˣʱֶѣѦ
Ѧ΢΢һЦ˿ȥɽˣ
Ƚȥ˵ɣأֵĳǰ˽ȥ
ѺͳӣǸǷˣ֮ǰһ㺦£һǼðզأ  һƵҲѾʧѵã
˽˾̫幬Ķ㣬ݻޱȣ˿ǱƷ㣬ò
Ѧż˹ˣҲЦǺǵ˵Ѧ⼸˭
СӻǸһΪСæȻأ˰
һڣһԵѦѾŶЦ
һ̹һվѽѽֳϴݹٰ˵ֳϹôҲǰ֨һ

һԵĳ֣ƺһˣЩ㵵ʵ
ֳϣλǣһŮ˵Ҳɻʵ
һῴʦ磬ǾͲʶͺˣ
ֱӽﴫݸѦһԵ¡
˼ͬʱһ㶣Ȼͬʱͷ
ʵҪڰ򲻵ȻҲ֡
Ȼڱ¶ݣҲ⼸֪һȻҲ
׵ܲ¶ȻȲҪ¶ˣϾվڰʱ׷һЩ
˾ͻеĿⶼе˵ϣ
鿴ųѵ˵λժ°ѶҸɣȥʱˣԼҾͲҪˣ
һҲվǱߣ˶Ǿ֮ˣѾ˵ȻҲͻˣ  һԵѦֳϣλŮǣ
Ҹλһ°λȵĳѳλǳŮ
ѹҲף͵ײںˡ
һԵļҲĻرףϾ٣һк֪ô  ԻͰ˵һˣ  ԭǴȳҲǳųѹֵ
ɫһȲССɣλǾ̫幬ľӢʵǲ
Цŵ⼸λҲǾ̫幬˼ŵˣȻˣĿǰǶҾ̫幬ŵӡλңѦĹѦ𡭡
ңţǿλʮ󳬼Ű𾪵ĿѦû뵽СӵȻô
ֳϣͲҪҿˣڿֻһݰǾǾ̫幬ĵӣѦҲ΢΢һЦ
鿴˿ѵλ峤ųӦҲ˵İɣ
Ǳڤҵɣ
˵ңֻ𾪵Ļôһе峤Ǿǿ־ˣ  ̫幬ʲô·Ȼܹǿźͼ  Լҵļ̳˶ܹ͵̫幬ʵЩ˲󰡣
ų΢΢һЦҲʶҵİǺǣ
΢΢ҡͷҡû뵽峤ȻطҲǾ̫幬ĸţϣλԺܹġ
ȻԺʲôҪĻܿڣֵһƽʱ۸ڶģɽ̬óѿŶоһľ̾
׵ףһοǼĺûᰡû뵽һͼ׸ڤҵ峤
Ǳ죬ɵĻ֮ҲһĶ񺮣  ꣬С椾Ȼ˵Ҫ˼棬ǻˣ  Ī椣
ôһ룬ȻЩͻˣ
һԵ¿ųЦŵˮܽأ֮ò
ƹ񣬺һ͸оΪ֮һ˿κεĹ󰡣
Ѧƨ˦һԵҲӿֳһķ֡
Ҳĵȷ崿ˣһڼСõϢ˸о
Ѧһ˵֮˵ʲô
Ҳ׼׵ƨأѦһＸ·˰
˰죬ҼĹ
ˣ
⵽ʲôЩ˿ɶǴﰡ͹Щ˵ѾǺޱˡ
Ҳ֪ԼŮĺܲЩ˵е޵ģоһĲš




1017׼
 

еĶ㣡
˿϶Ǻߣһһĵ߶ûа
Ѧһ˵Լˡ
ɫͨ죬ҲǸоЩ˼ˣŮΪüݣЩ֮൱Ŀĵġ
ллҿ佱
ôʹ佱أֻʵʵ˵ѣ˵ǲǣ
ѦһҪǲҪǻ޵˰  ҲǺٺһЦѦԼǰֳϡҿǻİɣ
µк֮£Ҳ  λȴû˸˶ĩλˣλǿɲȥ
鿴΢΢һЦܰ꺭ɽûУ
ֳϣԲѾźܰ꺭ͺ±صɽɣӦɽذɣ

ܰ꺭ǰ˺ܰ꺭һ
Ǻǣܰ꺭ȣѾҾ̫幬ĵˡû֮ѩҵҲԹۣ
鿴ųѣҲǽһ¡
ѵͷû뵽꺭һôãȻ
ܰ꺭ΪڵӣȻҲܱ˱ƻˣ̫ҪˣҲҪԼû¡
΢΢ЦһǵĿɲ̫һڡ
ڵ̫ϳ׹ңҲǵĿ֮һҪȡ׹ҵӦΪʺϵġ
ɽɵĺҪ֪ĻҲἤֵģѾã˾̫幬İæ¹˭ֻĺ˵
Цŵֳϣܰ꺭ѾصɽɣԲӦýվͻˡ
ǺǣѾˣ鳯һ΢΢бһ
ಣ  ȻӰƾճһ㣬Ѿվ׵ĸǰ  ݼ
˸Ҫ׼ȥݼףĻѾǴ뵽ǵĶУ  ۼֿĳֳϵݼֳϡ
ǸҾǸϡһ
ΪȣΪҲЩεЦЦ
˻һʱԲϼһҲʼųһޣ
Ȧ׵Ȧ  ˵ʵѽоЩԾǸ˹һԼŮЩͷԣ
ѲԼŮľ˼˰ͣƺǰҲӵİɣ
ȷǸоһ֣ôҲ벻ͨ⵽ô£
̸°ɣ
鿴׺ΣҲ֪¹̲ĵ
һܰ꺭ѾͷѾɽˣֻǰ͵ɽɵžˣ
ܺãһж˵ļƻţ΢΢һЦĿǰǵĵ֮վеĿҵ񣡣
峤һӦѾ׼׵˰ɣ΢΢һЦʵ
һһѾ׼׵˳һЩ۴֮⣬ǻ׼һش񣡣ٺ١
Ǹ֪ͨĶ֪ͨ˰ɣʵǰǽĺ˰
İɣ϶ǻһϷġ˿Ȼֻһûнˣ
ʲô⣿ʵ
⣬Ҫش񣬿ĻǴ˺Ϸˣ̾һ
ҾˣǾǰյϣǸҴһ͵̨ɣʱ󷨣ԲᲨΧ۵ˣʵĳԽҺܶ࡭
˵Ⲣʲô̫ѵ飬ֻҪŪһ󷨳ɣ
ĵʯǳĶ࣬ǳʯ
Ҫ֪ʯɽһĲֵҲöѣڲãԺȥɽ磬Ҳûа취ð
ɽ󷨣õãȻЧܶࡣ
ͬǰʵҲܶ࣬ʵһģ  Ǿ׵ˣʵ֮ǰһֱ⣬ŵʵڲеĻǾҸط
ʵһʼû⣬ⶫᣬֻҪìˣ
ǵôĸǾʲôϵأ
ΨһĿľҪƻ˸ոսˣʱǿ϶£һѹһ
׵ֶβҪšһǲܵ飡
ѵԭԼһιܹʲôæȴԼﲻκεæ
Ҳͦõģʵ¹ȥǸڻҡ
翴ˣνıó
ǰ˼Ҿ̫幬˵أûиоаȫС
ڶһ磬ſѾɽ˺




1018Ŀش
 

У
ǾеĿҵ˵綼Ϊ֮𶯡
ΪеıǾ̫幬Һܶ˶ٰ֪˴ξпҵľȻǱڤеٶңŵ峤Ѧ  ˿ʵɵĴǿ϶Ǵűš棡
˿ΪעĿ
ڤоȻѡ;̫幬½źЩͷԣ
˵ڤĳһǲѡվӵġ
û뵽վˣվ˾̫幬һߡ
Ѳǿ˾̫幬δǱܶ˲֪һ˻ֵģһȴҪƻģ
еſڣ˴Ѿ˳
λѣҾпҵӣеϼƷһɰŻݡ
֮ûʲôķϻֱӾȰһ˵˳
Ⱥ֮һɧ  ʵͲ²⵽ˣǸҪ֪е׽ʲôش  Ѻͳվһԣվĩˣû̫˵ע⣡  һȴĿ˳ѵϣһͨ˵Ĵ磬ȥڣ֮֮ȴڲͬ
˲Ǳˣ̫ݳлͣ  ̫һμ㳲ǵĿֱָɽɵı֮ѩ
еĿҵݳл͵һ˿Ȥ˵еıǴ֮еľ̫幬
ֻû뵽ոУȻⱲӵĵһŮˣ
ѣ
ݳлͿѵһ̣ƺּ¶һεӿͷһ״
ǿǳǾ̫幬شģǲײɣ
ǰһ˵Ҫóһشˣأ
ǸǿЦİɣǿȲ˰
µһҵĽкǶνİƷûκεȤ
Ҫ˵ȤĻ¾Ǿ⼸첻ƵǼشˣ
ش񾿾ʲôҲ˺ܶĹע
ֻ΢΢һɨ㷢Ⱥ֮ʮ龳ĸ֡
ЩһͥŲһǱţǵĿȫϡ
¶һ˿ЦҾ̫幬һֱɸλĹذ˵ˣΪ˴лλѶԾ̫幬֧֣ԼոյõһóȻˣԹߵ֮ڸλܲܵõǾҪλ컯ˣ
У̫幬Ҳ̫һЩɣǲҪͨνıǸĻɱأ
һɽӵ߲мĿ˿˵ʵҲ徳ĺڣȥӦͷ
·λߵƸӥȿλʮ󳬼šѾ˵ˣߵ֮Ƹӥûʵ˳ͺˡ
㡭λӥȵĻƸҪŭƸԵһλѾǳȿʲôǵҪ̫幬ֳôĶóʲôö𾪡ǡ
ҲһĲм̫幬ܹóһĻԺ䶯ˡ
ⶫǶǸŸɵı˭ó
Ҳ֪߸߼ҩʲôĻȻҲǲЩ˵Ŀġ
ʱ̫幬Сǿ϶ǻЦģ  ҿһɢ˰ɣ̫幬Ϊ磬߸ʲô۶ӳĿѾǲԶˡ
˵ɫۣȥʢˣһǲǵĴڣ
Լǣ
ʱݳлҲվ˳˿Ķ΢΢һЦ

һȻҲҪ̫ڵΪʲôҪΧɽɣһȴҪһֱԼԵľ̫幬ǺҲ  ҲǸܵһΣ̫幬չȥĻԺλʮ󳬼֮׵λÿ¶Ǳסˡ
ҲͬⱾĻݳлͣҲ΢΢ֵ
Ϊ󳬼ţڹͬĵӦþ̫幬ˡ
ΪֱвǵĵλⶫҪ¶ˣ
Ŷݳлû뵽Ҿпҵȴܹλŵ˴ݹ٣ҾСԡλҪǵļƷ˳ǣеҪɡ
Ʒĸһ
Ϊ֮ȻǶݳлҲĿ¶⣬ȻҲû뵽̫幬Ȼ˵ֱʣ




1019ݳл
 

Ʒ  ĸһ漸ֳʧص״̬Ҫ֪⼫ƷļֵǼֱױȰ
˶лпóһʲôΪͷ
ûоȻ⼫ƷΪش  ǿǼƷʲô  һλʮţҪӵһƷǻ϶飡
ں̫ЩλŵȷмƷҲǷëǵһĴڣ
  ݳлͺͶҲƺһ仰Ĵˣ  Ļžģ
˿ԭƺѾγͬ˵˺Ȼ֮Է΢ԶһЩ
ΪǼ֪һӣҲò
Զѿݳл͵ɫѾѿ˼㣡  һʼûע⵽ݳл͵ĳ֣ݳл˸߰ˣô͵͵ܹμӾеĿҵأ
ǳѻǵ͹Щ˶Ծ̫幬ļɵ
һҽȵ鱬֮󣬼еĳŶھ̫幬˺Ǽɵ
Ϊ׵ڶŸҪ׼ַ̫幬ΪҽȱΪ  Ŀǰڻһ̬֮Уһ̫ҪΧɽɣȻҲ̫ڵķͷ
ֻû뵽̫幬ȻóһƷΪն  ǿǼƷһ˿ĻᣬκһŶŹġ
Ʒջʵ̫ˣ  ĸףǡ
˿ɫҲһãȻĿݳлͣ˻Լĸװ
Լĸ׵мԶ϶ԼĲ²⣡  ټԼоǰǸٰٷ֮ʮƶȣһƺӡ֤ԼĲ²⣡
ѵ΢΢סˣǣ
֪ˣĸ״ˣһԸоԼĸ׵ķŭַŭǷһַŭ
ݳлͿųѺͳȻǸ˹ȥ  Цһһƣֱӽݳл͸
ǸʲôǾеĿˣĪҪֲɣ˿Ѿվ˳ѵĸǰ  ҹҵŮ˺ҵŮûжĹϵɣݳл
Ů˺ŮҲһĿ˿ѡ
ѵҸʶ
ʶ㣬ҿ㻹ǲҪ˰ɣɲ⵽ô£
ѣҡݳлͿųѸҪͣŭһ˵ʶ㣬Ͻ
⵽飬ҲҪǵ°ɣݳл¶һ˿Ц˿⼫Ʒ֪֪ܵʲôɣ
˿̣˭ҲעݳлͺͳѵЩ飬ǵĿ±ص˼Ʒϣ  Щ鰮ڼŵĿⶼǷϣ  ΢΢һЦһһķİɫӡѾǳ˵ĸǰ

֮ǰϢҲ֪ƺھ̫幬
û뵽һﻹҪó  ݳлԭͣڳϵĿѾƿеһļ
˿ȷ˵ˣҪõֻеȶ¶ˣ
¶ΪΣݳлɫһ䣬̫幬ʲô˼  ¶žǽɽɵӣȴڶ¶һ죬Ȼݳл͵ļƻ֮У
ڱ֮ѩƺòôҪˣ
Ϊһ˵Ҳһǿսѣ֮ѩǿǻܹͳһλǿ߰
˵˶¶ȻǶ¶ʱ˭Ҫõֻиƾˣ
һ˵ȳžеڲ˹ȥ  ¶٣⻹Щ˼˰
ֳһ˿˿Ц⣬ݳлҲЦ
̫幬ƻ̫ڵļƻ˵δҲһ£
ݳл͵ӿֳһĨɱž̫幬ˣ֪Щʲô
ѣɷһ˵ݳлͿųЩ
ѵ΢΢һͷҲص˵ݳл֮ͣѾûκο̸ĶˡһҪ㣬లȵɽӺΣѾˡ
ѣ㡭㾹Ȼɱɽӣ
һ˲䣬ݳлŭ죬Ҫ֪ɽΪĵӣû뵽һΰȥȣȻɣ
ѿ˿ݳлЦֻݹٷŻյƣݳлͣ㻹ôİԵϧѾΪ˾̫幬ĸš
Ǿ̫幬
ݳлͿųѣ͸һ״֮⣬Ϊ˵Ůˣһεվǰô
ˣĪҪ˿Цݳл͵Աߣһλߵ




1020ڵ
 

̫幬Ȼóڵ
˿Ⱥ֮УΪλʮ󳬼֮һͷңȴһĨ֮ɫ
ݳлͷȥݳлʧ˾еſڣ
ӿ  һμǿ߶еطһļ¶
ŸƽһҲǵõϢɽɡ
ڿνɳ˾Եĺݣ  Ÿƽ֮⣬λ̫ϳϺλ
ȻΪλʮ󳬼ţǵʵں̫ȺǿȣûκεĿɱԣ  һЩλţʵҪ֮ϣ  ֻλҪΪλţҲһ׵顣
ûоԵƣ˭սλʮ󳬼ţⲻ  ˵һǧ˰٣  ЩλҪģǵͷñռ˱ˣ  ˣȻڵ֮
ŸƽԱߣһ߳Ȼ⼸˶Ǽĺܡ
ŸƽԼǰλߵλ̫ϳϣ̫֮幬֣֮ǵ˶¶ҿĿǰʵҲڡ̫ڵλŵĶְ
̫幬ʲô·һλ̫ϳϳ
֪̫幬ƺ޼ѰȴǺճһ㣬η󳬼ǿҽȱնɱﳽͰ׵λ龳ǿߣʵ֮ϰ
Ÿƽɫ൱ѿΪӲᣬ϶ûκεĿ԰
һλ̫ϳ̾һһҲλ龳ǿߣղǵڵ̫ϳϣʵԲ֮¡Ҫûκεϣ
̫ϳϡˣΪȥ̸һ̸Σ뻹һϣ
ڵһλҲǳΨһİ취¾Ǹ̫幬̸ˣ
Ͼڵһлھ̫幬У̸ǿ϶ûκεϣ̸ֻҪ۸ʵĻһת  Ҳֻ˰
Ÿƽ̾һղһ׼ˣֿ֪϶Ǳɣ
̫幬֮˼Ȼܹڴ֮ͥóǾȫӦԣ
ж㣡
Ѵ˿ŭδʵһһĿľҪ̫󵽵ǲǳɹģ  쿴ôĸƼ֪ݳл͵ļƲ߿Ҫˣ  ôĸ֣ѲɻĿ̫ռɽ  
һλеĹ³˹ҲСĳ˵
ǣݵǹǿİ΢΢̽һҲЦһǽ
˭鿴ҲЩʵ
˿ԲЦŵҲԲˡ
Բ˿һսôˣһεĿˣԼŵζ  ǼϤӰΪ龳ڵǿߣȻЩƲסĲ  鿴˿ԲӣһЦǿӦڵ˰ɣһǿס˰
С㣬λȵ᷿Ϣ˿ѺͳҲ΢΢һЦ
أָָףƺʲô¶ôס
˿׵ֻ᷿ΪŮ͹ӦŰɡ
ðɡҲǾ죬һԵĳѳﲻȣһӸλǰİš
ʵҲҪúõƽһ  ȻˣҪһͣ  ųѺͳȥӣҲһ  ˼ͬʱҾӭˣ
װڰֵ᲻˵ôָĵ¶ȥˣ
ˣ˵ˣڽЧǺܴ󡣶¶죬ȻǿƼĿʱҲƻ̫ڼƻ棬ԡ
Ҳǽ͵ΪĿȷġ
׵ͷ֮ȻĻͰǵļƻ£ҵĿֻһǾǾ̫幬λʮ󳬼Ϊλʮ󳬼ţ
׵ӿֳһĨ׳־̫幬ڸ·ǿǰҪչʾԼˡ
˵ĻôĿɲܹѡˣ  ˵Ŀ̫ڵϣٺ٣ҲãҪôҪ͵£
Ҳ΢΢һЦҲ֪˵֮ǰҽնɱﳽͰ׵ո¶ͷǵĻô̫ڵǶλʮ󳬼ţǾ˸ˣ
ŸƽЯǿ߰ݻ
һ˵ĿҲǼſڣȻˣ˿ΪĻԲ
Ÿƽһ˽˾̫幬Ķ㣡
˿̵ĶŸƽɫǺܺÿϾԼŵ֮ȥˣ⻹Щžžĸо




1021Բʦ֣
 

У
Ÿƽ˽жʱŲٵˡ
̧ͷ˿ֿ˿һԵļˣһƺЩϤ
ԲѾΪ龳ڵĸ֣Ϣһε˺ܶࡣ
ټòһЩһӲϳ
ҪǣԲô˿ۼ֤ģ
ԶŸƽֻǿ˿Բ֮һεĿһԵ  
Ÿƽ˿вһ˿ĸɫʡ
Ϊλʮ󳬼ŵ䣬ŸƽԼĽ
˿Ÿƽ겻ɷǳ֪λ˴ǰν°
ֺα֪أ֮ӦҲ֪İɣ
Ÿƽ˿
΢΢ͷȻ֪ҲżȻãΪҪðɣ
ȻҪ壬ҵΪغˣ֮ܹ̹Ȼ֮
Ÿƽ˵ҲʵʵȻǺܺõıڵǾ޴ޱȣ  ֣֮֮ԼƤӵǵУȥƺЩ˵ȥˣ  ΣŸƽҲҪŬ  ˿Ÿƽ΢΢һЦҿҪ̸ĻҿǺҾ̫幬̸ɣ
˼Ͳ̸ˣŸƽЩĿоٸԼԱŸ
ûа취˭ڱ˵أԼҪҲõõ
ŶŸƽЦŵˣ˵̸ɣ
ߣֺαȻҵȣڣҲֲ˰ɣŸƽ
ʲôһпҵС£ҲҪͷǰ𣿡һЦȻ׹ˣ¹غţԶᣡ
ʲô
Ÿƽ˶һһЩ̫˰ɣ
ҶŸƽ֮ǰҲǼһģվĩβƺȥȵˡ
û뵽˾ȻǾ̫幬ǶŸƽЩҲһ
ЦеĿŶŸƽ
ˣû뵽ʵȺѾΪһ֮ʵҶŸƽհֻ˵Ƿܹ
Ÿƽɫдһ˿֮ɫȥҲһɱ񼶱Ĵڰ  ֮ǰҽնɱ׵飬ڻǾþòƽϢ  ׵ԼȻͬΪ龳ڵǿߣǰ׵ȴԼʵҪǿһЩ  ҽλǿߵնɱ׵壬ۻǣʵöŸƽЩգ
׿ŶŸƽ΢΢һЦڵ֮Ҳ˵ˡǶΪһٵҲҪҽɣ
ٵģ
Ÿƽüͷһ壬Ȼû뵽׾Ȼ˵Ǽٵġ
һ΢΢һЦҿ֤ȷǼٵġ
ôǼٵأڼصһģһһǼƷôһģһأ
Ÿƽ϶ԼֺƭСĻɲţ  ţ׿˿ŸƽȻЦŵҲҵĻӦԼ˵Ļɣ
Լˣ
ŸƽŪһͷˮѹҲ֪׵˵ʲô
׿˿ԲЦŵԲϣڿţҵĻǲţĻӦûŵİɣ
Բʦ֡
׸˵껰ʱ򣬶ŸƽԱһλ̫ϳѾǱQ˳
ղǿԲʱ͸оһ֣Ϊ˺͵ԲʦʵЩ̫ˡ
ԲʦѾôˣôܻأ
ҲΪԲܣ  Բ˿ǸЦŵԲʦܣԲʦܣþò
㡭Բʦ֣
һǸԲ߿Բɴ۾Բƺʵ  ׿˿˵ǿúõ̸һ̸𣿡
⡭һеô°Բʦôᡭھ̫幬أҡ
ŸƽףҲǶͷԣһʵǲԤƷΧ֮ڰ  ţԲʦĻôһӦþͺ̸̫̫ˡ
ԲҲ̾һһлôӵһζս˵𰡡
˵꣬ԲͿʼԼҽνϸϸԭԭ˵һ飬һֱ˲ǻȻ򣡣




1022Ĺ
 

ܶŸƽһݡ
Ÿƽϥ¹һǾϵ¹Ҫ֪ԲڵӢ  ȻԲڵĴҲǷǳĴ󣬿ԲҲΪ˵ҵڵһĨ
Щʱ򻹻̸ԲսʹһӢ¼
ŸƽôҲû뵽ԲȻû  ؿ
ڶŸƽϥǼҪһ˲䣬һɾ޴Ÿƽ𣡣  ƾŸƽôȴûа취ڹ·ֺ
ʵĲ࣬˵ԣ  Ÿƽ𾪵Ŀ˿ףһϸ΢ĶѾǸˣ  ҲҿŸƽ̸Уǿڿ¾Ҫ⵽ԵĴˣ  ԲŶŸƽ˵ԲġԲλʦܣѾ̫幬ǰ̡
Բʦ֣㡭㡭
ԲԲĻ֮˶QָԲû˵һĻ  ŸƽҲǳԲʦ壬ҵȻϴ߳δΪλʮ󳬼ţ龳ǿҲ˶
ԲڰֵѾضԣ൹и顭
Բʦ뽲
ŸƽԲ̬ǷǳĹλյҲ
ԲҲǿԿóҪưԣ̫ҲţӦö£ǵİɣ
֮ǰרŶԸ̫幬ˣҲӦμӡѡ˹֪һǿ𣬱ȻѪɺӵģ
ŸƽԲҲ˽Բ˼ˣ
ԲΪ̫幬ˣѲϣԼվĶ  Ȼǲܵ飡
Բ΢΢һЦλǰϣϣҪΪУȻˣҵܹվͬһսϵĻȻǸˣ
Բʦ壬ڵĽҲصӵĿģΪһ֮ȻҲվĶġܹӦҵԸͿء
Ÿƽ˿ףʵҲ֪ԲԻǲܵġ
ԲѾڵˣɵϾڵﰡ  ׿˿Ÿƽ֪Ҫ˵ʲô֮Ѿ͸Բϡô顭
Բϣ⡭ģŸƽԲ𼤶ʵ
ԲУ˿ѾǶһķİɫӡ֮ǰϵӡһޣ  ֻӡƺ֮ǰӡвͬӵӵĴ磡
ʣ˸оһѹ֣
˺񰮣⴦ãԲ˿ŸƽȻص֮Ȼڲ֮ˣҲûбҪռȵⶫԭɡ
ݣ
һɫĹâŶŸƽĸǰƮŸƽס  ɫ˼֮ɫʵѲɲ֪첻ΪԲʦĻǾûκεĹϵ
Բʦ壬ҡ
ŸƽоһЩʵҪ˵һЩлԲĻоԼɬЩ֪ôڣ  ԲԺվھ̫幬ߣȻǿǰԵԺվԸڣǴӴǶսҲҿ
Բʦ壬˵ʲôһŸƽʦԺ󵫷κεҪֻҪ֪һƽȻ˭ҪǾǶڲ
仰ԲˣԲ¶һ˿Цݡ
Ȼ˽ԼʦܺŸƽôȥˣĶǻġ
֮󣬷˵ĻԲҲֻܹʹɱˣ
ޱԼӺĻⷴҲ̫һЩ  ׿˿Բ΢΢һЦԲϻ尡ϣλҪԲϵһİɣ
Ÿƽ˸ף˵ʵҲû뵽һιȻܹû
û뵽ǣԲʦ徹Ȼû  ɽɷĳ䣡
Բʦ壬̫ϳҲʵǿ֮ˣǽܱȽ׵Ÿƽó΢΢һЦ
Բ΢΢ҡͷԲʦһУűԣ
һԵԲ̾һû뵽ԲʦֻţȻ˾̫幬ҿ̫幬Ϊ˴ľߴ֮磡ԺҪǡ
ŸƽԶ΢΢һЦͳµõ޷ԺҲԻվһߵġ
΢΢ͷ˭ģ֮˵Ϊɱ
ֻҪˣվǷָԶ
׾ԲȣںŸƽǸǽͷݣֻܹ˵˵Ʒˣ  Բľٶȴõһλʮ󳬼ŵĶ⵹Ҳһֻر  ʵԲҪĻͨĻع飬׵ȴеһ˼
ԺڣҲܹɱˡ
ֻϣҪһĵ




1023¶
 

ɽŷУ
һ¥̫ôֵʱ̫ڵľ¥ȴѾǹЪҵˣ
ȷǷǳĲ̫Ͼ¥ɲںЩ
̫ڵĸּȫϤһǿ˼Ҫ׼һˡ
֮ѩ̫ڵҪԲԶϢûдȥݳлҲ΢΢ķ
ݳл͵ס  һΪ޵ŮǱױţݳлͻͷҲأ

̫ݳлΨһýȢŮˣмظΪǿݣ
ͷĴ󣬱ڤҡҶҡһɽϹңνĴ󸻺壡
Ƕ峤ŮΨһŮ
Ȼ峤һһŮⶫݸ͹ˡ
Ƕν飬ҲԺգ  ⶫ峤Ƕĸ磡  ɲǿŶ壬һҲԺգǾ
˵Ů˾米ΪǿŮ֮һ
룬̫ڼʱҷεݳл͡
ܿ㱻ݳл͵İݳлͿνһٮٮߣҲǺܶŮ߰ĽĶ
ֶԼķеˣżݳл;Ϊˣ  ʱݳлҲǷ֮ˣͶˮ֮ԺҲû뵽ԼⱲӾȻŮ˵У  ʱݳлʵͳ罺ᣬԴӶĳ֮Ѽͺټһˡ
ٺһٱԼǿıԭΪֻݳлһӻ  ҪôǳѺͳ
ҪôǸǶϾϵȻȢ񣬴ӴԺƽƣ  ݳл͵ȻԸѺͳֿϾԼŮҲʳӣοݳлأ
ֻǶǿıݳлЩգˣ
ҪȻԼİŮ˺ԼŮҪŮ˵Уûκεİ취  ̫ڵȴҲ̫ΪںͶ֣ҲǳԲ
ţԼѡ˺Ͷѣ
ʱ̫ڵЩ̫ϳϾԻԼȫ̫ڵģ
ݳл͵ɽӺǱȣʵһҪȡȣʵΪ˱Ѻͳ  ֻһѾǱ޿ɱܣҶ֪κɽ֮ĸȡϵϣԽεɱ˳
ʵʵ׼ʧնɱģһԵɽǱߣΪԱҲֻܹдˡ
һһˣı߶ﲻ𰡣  ߣǸ˺ǸСˣ
ݳлͳ˽Ҳǲмһ
ݳлʵĵ¶̫幬һţ˵Ҳһ˵һ㣡ô˵Ҳݳл͵Ů
ݳлͣҪҵĻΪܹ̫ѽҪǶ㾡ԴʵΪ龳ڵʵôҪ˭а
һֱǷǳļѣòԼȳѲ  츳徳۷壬ֻһͿ̤龳  ۱Ǹǲ˵ˣ
ݳл;ǲǸˣʣҪ
ݳлͳ֪Ұܴ󣬿ϾҵŮʳӣɱôõһ죬ɱǵĺӣһõ𣿡
ݳлͣ㲻Ҫ͵ûʵͲҪӳΪѾǸŮˣ쾹Ȼڴ֮ͥȥǸˣʮ꣬û뵽㻹ԲģһһҪ
񼸺ĿݳлͣԭױһѾʧ  ݳлͿŶ˭ҪǸҶѺһ£ǾǸݳл͹ȥҶϣ
ݳлͣ˵һ飡û뵽ƽʱǶԼ˳ݳлͣһ̾Ȼ˵ǿӲ
һ۲ˣݳлǿӲȻҲ˰벽
ݳлЦһҲˣΪһֱãҲһֱ㾹ȻҪɱҹ⣬ΪݳлǳصͶһԣ
Цһ̫ȡ֮ʵ̫̫ˣٸһλᣡҪôҪô̫λϹȥ
̫ΪܹҵˣݳлͷȻ
ʵ֪ܹ̫ϳϵľ  ĲҪɱ˳ѺͳһԲ˾Ůˣ  һοѣΣֻԼܹõ
Լеһͭ¶һ˿ЦݳлͣңȻڸģҵҪ̫ڵλ̫ϳϣվһߣ͵ɣ
ŭһ㳯̫Ͼ¥¥ֱȥ
̫Ͼ¥¥ֺŷ䣬Ƿֱס̫ڵλ̫ϳϰ




1024¿µŮ˼
 

̫Ͼ¥㣡  Ŀӭɽɵĵһ̫ϳϻ飡  ֻλ̫ϳ϶û뵽ǣһζ񲢷ǰݳлţݳл͵̨ġ
˵ʵ˵̫ڻ˭ܹӰ쵽̫ϳϵĻǿֻжĪˣ
ǿ󱳾̫ڵ̫ϳҲǼɵޱȵģ  ǹɣô̫ڵ飡  ݳл̫λ֮Ƿǳĵ͵
ɾڽ죬ȻҪݳл̫ͣڳ׵ľѣ
ԭ׼һ̫ϳޱȣ  ʵڲǰ̫ڸոһĺϢһλ̫ϳϾȻعˣ
ԭǶΪ̫ϳѾˣû뵽һٶȥˣλ̫ϳϷǵûǳˣ  ˮ  λ龳ڵǿʽλԭӵĴ̫ϳϵ̫ڣһӱ˺һλ̫ϳϵĴڣ
ڼһɽɵı֮ѩĻµʱ̫ڶܹڷˡ
ʱ̫ڳΪһɣǻָտɴ飿
֮ǰ̫һҪ̣  ݷˣΪˣôʧ𣿡
ڵ̫̫ϳ֮һëƣˮһʱڵˣҲ̫Ⱥ׵
ˮʵҲѷëһ
ˮ̫ڲڶѣ
ݳлͱ壬Ů˾ˣ͵͵˸Ů̫ϳӦö֪İɣ
ݳлͣôˮһ㣬ΪһŮȻͬķˡ
ë̾һеǷݷԼҲӦİɣݳлѵ飬ҵ˼
ʦ֣㡭ôܹŵ˵ˮƵ˵
ë̾һʦãȵҵҲΪܹոȣҲ֪ȵɽʵ̫ѹȡˣ
ˮɼҲܹݳлȥҪ֪мҵˣ
ǡǸʱҸݳлͻʶҲһ죬Ͼʵǵ߲ˣΪԼǿıݳл͸Լһҹˣ
ʲôԼıԼƣ˭ǳûأ  Ȼݳл͵õԼĺôӦôһգ
⡭ҶЩͿˡ
ˮƵĿⶫʵ˵һԭǲɽɵġ
֮в֪ôΣȻһ˿ڴ
ǸԼСӣǸռԼ˵СӣȻ˵¶ڼġ
ҪǸСӵĻȻҪǸ۸ԼСӸǧСˡ
һ뵽СӸԼĴԵΣˮС¹ײһ㣡  ëƳʦãԺ˵飡ݷˣսڼʱݳлλ𣿡
ëƵλ̫ϳϣ̫ŴڣⴢȻҲ⸱λ֮࣬żݳлλҲνɣ
ݷˣƶҲûκεĺôɣ
ëʵǲΪʲôͻȻӣ
ʵϣŮˣȻ֪Ů˵ļĵжôĿֲ  ĶνҪݳл͸ۣΪ޴Ϊۣ  أֵã
ΪݳлѾˣʱʧȥڵĹ⻷Ҫһ᲻͹һҡβ  ˼ôļ򵥣Ψһ뷨Ǳ׵ıһ  ̫ڹɽɣʲô֮ѩ飬ں
λ̫ϳϣǲһֻҵλΪֹˣֻҪҿ̫Ͼ¥ӴҶ̫ڶ
ֱǳв  ֪̫ѡݳлͺԼʱ򣬼ÿǾͻѡԼˣ  ݷˣвҵˣëһڼֱҪˡ
ֻҪڵ죬Ƕȡ֮ѩ
ںͶ֣Ҳκˣ
ʱûһо͵ÿ˵ɫⶫʱҪëƵ˲ӦҲôӦˣ  һ̫˧ǾǴɰ  񲻸ңݳлʹӦɱˣȻҹµǸ޿ܻͷ
ðɣëһ̫ϳҲӿֳһıëƳݳлͣ




1025
 

̫Ͼ¥㣡
ëƺˮĿǰ̫ڵĴ֣Ƕԣ̫ݲа
֮ѩ壬̫ڶžϵҪԣ  ݳлͣȻΪ̫ڵҲܹ̫ڵƣ  ʵϣλţ̫ϳϵȨǷǳĴġ
һ£ҲܸŸɣûиȨ  ֻȻûиȨȴԶ֮λӸ棡
̫ڻκһ˵Ǻܴ飡
ڶҪëƵҲûκεİ취  ݳл֮ǰŶĹĵˣҲĨһ˿ĵ֮ɫ
Ů˷ʱ򣬻ǷǳĿֲġ
ڣô꣬һֱԼ֮λûܹŮ˵ĸǰ׵̧ͷ
ݳл̫ϳϵĴҲǿһ£  Ǻܿĵ̫Ͼ¥Ķ㣬һɲǣ־Ȼλ̫ϳ϶ߣ  лͰݼλ̫ϳϡ
ݳлͻǰʮ㣬Ȼڼλ̫ϳϵĸǰֻ΢΢ֵ
ëĿһлͰ񵽵ô£
ƳϣҸһѣµģ
ݳлͲûΪʲô̫ϾԼôҲǸѲĲˣ  ëһлͰʵ̫ñʧˡսڼ㾹ȻԼ鶼ãܹܹ֮𣿡
ƳϣԵᴦõģٹǶ¶ҲҪ㱨һ£
ݳлԭҪȥ˼֮ڸëƵ˻㱨ġ
û뵽м侹Ȼ˶飡  ʲô˵˵֮˵顭ëȻóݳлʲôҪ顣
ݳлͳлǰУ¶գøҵӰ̫ڵļƻ
ʲôʲô˼һƷɣ
ëȻҲǱݳл͵Ϣ𾪵ˣΪһоȻ˵Ҫᣡ
һеıλӦҲ֪ǿǾ̫幬ҵġ
ݳл͵ҲһĵǣԽٽĹͷԽһĽţ  ˣ֪ˣȴ־ëƺָܿ˲
еȻЩϵòӰ֡
˵ˣʱĻлսĻ̫ڵʵʲôأ
ëƴ־ݳлҲЩƣ  ־̫Ŀǰʵǿĸոոͻ龳
̫ڸɽɵìܣ滹־飬ͷɾ־ɽɺŮܰ꺭ĻԼ
¶֮ɫݳл翴Сһ㣡  ղһֱĬΪһҲżëƵ˵̬ݳл;˼˵ԼС
ѡˣݳл͵λûܹסֻһﵽھȻһǸĻûУŭˣ
־еطʱҲһãȻ
ǿ˵ĺҲǼæݼλ̫ϳϣݼˣݼˡ
־ȱæŰݱˣ㣬̫֮λ㵱Σ
ëʳ仰ȷ飡  ʵϣëƼ֮λĹݳлȻŶλҲʵﵽˡ
ݳл츳ʵëƷǳĿˣ  ֻûκεİ취ˣֻܹݳл뵽̫ϳϵ֮С
ʵϣһ̫ϳʵҲֻķʽݳл͵֮λȻԳܡ
Ƴϣҿû˼
־һëƵĻŵ̹ⲻ֪ĻΪԼҪݳл͵֮λء
ȼɭϣı֮Ǿǲ˵ģ
ݳлͿëƣĨһ˿𾪵ƳϣǺ⣿
лͰǼλоߪ̫ϳ֮λ־ΪһΪ̫
ëƿ˿ݳл¶һ˿Ц⣬ʵγأ  ֻܹݳлһԼҲס  񣡣
ݳл͵ɫ˼㣬һӾͻعԼܼҵﶫĽ  û뵽ĳ嵽̫ϳԼ֮λ
⣡  Ƕһ鰡ò˶ãԼͻΪһЦ




1026ͷ
 

ߣݳлͣôĴۣ
мһǷǳĵ⣬ΪԼ̫ڵľƣ  ݳлͲţ𣿲ΪԼܵ
Լ㶪ˣ˶Ѽȥ  ʱϢܿͻᴫţݳлͻ̫
Ů˵ıʵЩ̫һЩ  ݳлĻֱµݳлʴ㲻û뵽Ҳ̨˾Ȼ㣡
ôҸ㣬黹ûдȥֻҪҵǸȻɱ˳Ѻͳˣһøλ̫ϳջس򡭡
һĨײĹЦ֪ݳл͸ԸǰһУ  ȴ͹һ˵ģ
⼸ʮ㣬û뵽ľȻǱ䱾ݳл͵׹⣬㾹Ȼȥʹɱ֣㵱ݳлѾ𣿡
ݳлͼĿŶ񣡣  һԵˮŶݷˣôǲǷ׵л͹Ϊһ֮ɱԼ׹⣬Ҳ˵ȥɣ
ˮû뵽ⶫȻˣһʼͦͬġ
û뵽鷢չĵزʵЩ۾
ëҲ΢΢һ̾лͣҸһĹµĻᣡǷ֮֮⼸ϼһڶɡ
ݳлͿëƳҪҶȻӦҲ˵һ䣬ʱȥ֮λǳлҲûڴ̫ˣ
лͣӦ֪ǲ˼
ëû뵽һҷԴݳл;ȻҲ˸ҵһ棡
ʵϣһ˱׵ļŭ֮չֳһ棬Ǻܶ˶޷ġ
ⶫΪסݳл͵ߴ磬֪ͬˡ
һݳл͵Ļпһ£ԭݳлͿ϶ǻġ
ݳлͣ㡭㾹ȻΪˣҺͶ̫ڶҪˣúݵģ
Ĩһ˿ľ֣Ҳﻢ£
ʱŵĴСȥôأ  ˵ΨһķǾݳлЭ
ڿݳлЭӣ  ݳлͿŶЦ˼񰡶񣬼ʮǰΪܹסң㻹Ϊܹס𣿵ûѺ㶫嵨Ҷһ£ҶȻǶ帶ѪĴۣ
˫ɺ죬ϢŰ  ݳл⼸ʮѹ֣һ̳׵ͷ˳ǳһĵ
һŵĿݳл͵㡭ҡ
кβңƳϣҼ˳̫ڣӴԺһϣҸ㣬ͷ
ݳл͵·޷һЦ˦ơ
ƾǳ۾һĳ־з˹ȥ  ˣ⡭
־üͷ壬ԼҲ֪һеô£
ҲһļȻһ֮ǿ֮𰡣
û뵽ڹϣԼȻлٵ  ־Ұļ󣬿εķǳĺãץƣ±һ㣡  ݳлͿ˿־־Ȼ֪л⸱ǶҲλãԭˣ
лͣȻû֮λ̫ϳϵλûǸŵģֺα˵ء
ëƵüͷ壬ʵҲǷǳⶫ
ʵϣֵѡĻԸŪҲԸ⿴ݳл̫ڣ
ƫƫͷڹϣ̫ϳҲֻܹô
һԴΪذ  λ˵ˣݳлһӻڱ˵棬ҲʱΪԼúõĻһˣ̫ڵȻᱣܣλǣ
ݳл˵꣬ͷҲص뿪ߣ  Ϊһˣûκεѡ񣬶ıȣ޴棡  һλʮ󳬼ŵôܵλ̫ϳϵǸأ  οҪӦŮնɱѺͳ  ݳлԼۣȲҾ徵
ѡ˳ͬʱҲҪö񿴿ݳлһˣǣŵľż  ݳлһ˲ʧ̫Ͼ¥һ̾Ϣ
ô㶵Ŀݳл뿪ķ򣬺Ȼ䣬̱˵ϣƺЩնһ㣡  һвûа·ߣ  ôܻ˵ĸӲΪ׼һУȴû׼ݳлѾǵݳлˡ
Ҳ߰ɣ
ëվһȻ뿪ߣ  ˿ûӵŮҲûκεͬģ  Ϊ̫ʧȥһλ龳ĸ֣ǵòʧ  ̫˧ƺëƵ˵ͷһӰ




1027Ķ
 

У
ݳл뿪֮󣬶ŭģҴҵ뿪̫Ͼ¥  ҪҪɱ˳Ѻͳ㷢Լе  ҵԼĸ綫λڵˡ
磬ݳлͲҪˡ
һԼĸ磬৵һˡ
֪ԼʲôԼҪĶǿԵõġ
û뵽һʧˣ׵ʧˣ
ܰĴԴԼϣܻҵָɣ  һԼùҲüͷ壡  ԼûͷûԵһ仰ޱȣⶼʲôʱˣСڻ鳳ܣ  ˵ʲôذݳлӻˣҲҪ㣿ҪĲҪĻҶȻĲ
Цһݳлͻûôĵӣ
磬ģ̫ڵ֮λҲҪˣҲҪˣȥǸˣ
棬һ¶Ƿǳƣ
һǲǷ˰֮ǰھеʱҵǿһȥǳѣ̫ںȱУѹҲܸݳлߵģ㵣ʲô
ҡһֱҸȼһҸ˹˸û뵽ȻȥˣһβǸϼ˹ˣǸСҲˣ͡ȥ̫ϳǱüλ̫ϳϰݳл͡
Խ˵ԽСΪⶫɫѾЩˡ
˵ʲôȥëǰѰݳлͣˣǲǸݳл֮ɵ˰  ҲܹóݳлͿνλȨأѾǵǸСආˣ  Ϊǰ;ҲΪ壡
һڲͬʱȻͬѡ
ԼԼ
ҡҲû뵽ȻҡһԼˮȻ磬Ӧô찡
㻹˼ô죿Ҫõ֪Ļ֪ô˵㣡ݳл͸ѺãһŮҲ֪ġ˵ôõƫƫôһһ׷ѾĻİλãû뵽㡭
Ҳǲ֪˵ʲôˣҪⶫԼõĻ˵ܹһŮˡ
Щ޿䣬Ŷ磬ҡҲ֪ô죬ҿݳлһˡ˵̫ڶˡ
ˡһϤϢԼҲǳ㰡㣬
磬ʲôףҲڣ
˿һȥʱ򣬴һī͵Ϣ
˱Ƕ峤죬Ҳĵܵܣ
硭
һԼĶ磬һεȦһ죡  ˵Ҳôɣ쿴Ŷ뿪Ц˵
һˣԽԽˡҪһ٣ںˣݳлһҲҪˡ
дһ˿ĺɸֵζ黹һӶ  쿴ɻʵô°ãݳлһ۸ˣԽԽ˰Ƕҵ˶۸
˵찡㻹øɳʲô춯صɣ˼Ҷܹ̫֮λ˰Ƴһ۶̾һ
˵꣬öһεİ˵һ飬ԭŻͦĶ죬ѾͶܹһˡ
֮󣬶ʿˮŶСãôԼ֪ô
磬ҡҲҪ֪ǱǿеΪԼţ
һʲôǾӰǸݳлκε·̫ô̫ϳϵ棬ǸҪô˵ŵɱ˺Ů˰㣡
оԼ첻ʶԼˣҪ֪Լʵͦġ
֪Ů˵ļ֮ǺˮҲסİ
죬֪Ϊʲô˰ɣݳлѾ뿪̫ڣ˵ô죿ȻҲ֪ݳл͵ʵҪšЩöԸ
磬磬ҲܣҪΪҳ
綼˵ԼҲΪĲʱҲˣСӵƢˡ
ҵĺðҪﰡͶҲһ̾Ϣ
ɱ˳Ѻͳһ˿䣡
ǳģʵҪɵƺûʲôԸġ
ֻϧĺҪˡ




1028ºĶ
 

еĶ㣡
ıһ֮УھҪݳлͺڣ׵ĺڣ  ֻô룬ɶͶǷǳǵˡ
֪ĺѲҪһ龳ǿһֱǶ𣿡
Ϊ峤ЩˣողŶõݳл͵˵
ҪɱѺͳĻǵʱݳлͿҪıˡ
һ龳ǿߵıǻǺܿµİ  Ϊ峤һ̫̫ˡ
ҲܣǲӦҵĻҾɱȻóһɽԼĵ׼ʹȥ  㲻Ҫһٴ÷ɾûлͷ˰쿴ŶҪɱģҲֻܹȰο
ҲܣǴӦӦȻСžţֻҪˣݳлȻذķԼǵĶˡ
úúãӦӦ
ҲĨһ˿ĿɬҲ֪ôʵ䷴ܲӦ
Լƺ״̬֮УԼɱĻʱԼϵҪһƺԼˣ  Ҫھ͸ȥ𣡣Щôߵ˵
˵ӣ֪Ѻͳʲôطھأ
УǸ̫幬¿ǸУһʵûĿģΪ˿̫幬·ɣ  ֮ǰϢɣ̫幬ҲǱ
ɲôţˣԶﴫѣ
죬̫幬ӦҲ˵˰ɣŶ
Ȼ˵ˣ̫幬ƺǴ̫һЩɣҾûôĿţһҹҪһ̫幬ķɣ
쿴Ŷ΢΢һЦһ԰֮ˣ  УްȥɱѺͳҿ¡
ߣһһŵһ糬е峤˾Ȼµʱǲȥɱ˵ĻҲˡҲҪˣѾ޿ˡ
˿黹ǱȽϵļģȻˣɱȷҲϷ
ɼϷͶҲҶİ  ΪǴС֪ѾͷƢǽһ𱬣һһʧְԼĵͱˣʱ׷ڲİ  ̫ڣӦҲ̫幬ҽȵɣ̫幬ǿƣҿ¡
磬ĵҲ̫Сһɣ˵ǰɱѺͳûκεɵĻôڿɲһˣ˵ˣȷЩʣȴһ
Ӧ֪ҴĿڣڲһ˵ţ滹λ̫ϳڣ
ʵҲһĵǣҲ֪ȰοԼÿ϶ûκεôģ  Ψһİ취ҲǳԵðԼȺŪȥ  磬㽻ҾˣȻݳл͸ΪŮ˷ã͵ЩǶҵĺö
죬˼ǡ
ӶзһĨɱݳлͶڰһҪô׻ͷҪôڵ  Բܹݳлʱʱ̵̿вİΣ
Ҫ֪һ龳ǿ߶ڰ͵ϮʵЩ̫ˣ    һ̣ľǺޱȵģԼõɷ򣬿أ  Ϊ˼棬һݳлʲôأ
磬ҵ˼ӦŶƺ仰ֻܹ
һˣǾͲǿˣ  ôʱпܳҧˣҧԼˡ
Ƕ˼ȻѾˣʱܷҧһڣôʲô˼أ
δ˵ĶԻ磬лл㣡һҪɱˣΪұ𰡣ʲ˶һ죬ҾͶһ졭
İСãȥ㱨ߵŶĺϢˣ
쿴Ŷ΢΢һЦʵѺͳĿꡣ
ĿֻһǾݳлͣ
岻ɱȥвݳл͵˵ĻôΪ峤ȻҪһ︶ѪĴۣ  ܣֹ𣿡Ŷ΢΢һЦ
ǺǣһҿǴλ̫ϳϹģİɣ˵
Ҫ֪龳ڵǿߣһִλ̫ϳϹնɱһ龳ڵݳл͸ڻ£
ֻҪݳл͸¶棬ôɣ  ɽɵţѾûôĹأսڼǾȰ̶ˮ˵ɣ




1029ĸŮΣ
 

ɽɷУ
ɽɷַǷϾһĸֶߣⲻֶˡ
Ѻͳ֮ǰһֱھУΪûʲô  ѵƺƽ˺ܶ࣬ټԼŮҲԼŮ֪˵࣬ĸŮ˵ĹϵҲǷǳĲ
һֱȣ϶ûг
죬Ҳ׼ԼŮȥйһ䣬ȻһС֮ġ
ɽȻǸһţȲϳǰķ
ҲȸСȫⷻиеĶҲһ٣  ĺְ
ҲǺ˺ܶ࣬˿Ǵзŷɳһ㣬ǳĿġ
ЦŵɽɵķҲвٴˣֻǰʱûʲôˣһ˶һЩѣ
֮ǰ˵вٵĺóԵģɽɡһεĿųѵ
ѳԺȥķҴȥһԣɽɳ̫Ͼ¥Ҳûˡ
ŶҾͲȥˣ̫ڵĶҲŲ򡭡Ҳһָ̫ЩƲζˣ
ҪȻȥǰпɣɽһоˡ΢΢һЦ
ȾлҪôųѵ
ȻȲ¿ľУе˶ʶǣҲ˼˼ҵĶҲһЩʯ㿴ʲôҪĶ㣡
ڴǮȻҲˣҪ֪֮ǰⷻУ޲һʯ뻨ƺûĸоˡ
ԴӸ̫幬ˣԼѹС˺ܶ࣡
һƨɺ棬ʡ²СԼڻڣ  ǰݳлԼ˵ɣһ󻹲Ǳ
Լһ˵ĻݳлͿʼôˣ
ҲԣԼҲЩ˼ˣЩ˿ҿĲˣҶ֪ΪɶҲһͷˮǸ峤˵Ҫһҡ
ʲôļٵİ⡭ﶼЩ㲻ˣھ̫幬ʱô˿㣬ΪﶼЩ˼ˣûмôĴΧת
ѵҲɻҴңһĳ
ǶԼŮƯÿΪĹ죡
ٺһЦŮʣ˿Ҳ
Ȼ֪Ůʣ˶ǼˣŮơģȻϵȣҲûее޵ľ磬ˡ
Ѻͳ˾ôǰţоһģ
еſڣѺͳ˿ûиоΣյĽ٣
ǲ֪˿Ѿָˣ
磬˾Ȼˣأ
ԭվڴǱ߿ԶǳѺͳȻӾ˳߹ˣŭգ
ư  ǶԼһμƣĿˣ  żʲôѺͳ棡
Ϊʲô磬ôô£ҿ㵱ڵ֮Ǳˣ
Щһ˵ûԼĴ羹ȻԼ
ɾǰôİ  粻Ѿ׼㲻Ҫ̫ˣ⣬ΪҴڣѲϣݳлһһߣݳлͶˣҶǶˣ
˲Ϊ𣡣  ʱԲΪһ֮˽ڵĴڲˣ  Ծ̫幬ʵûʱ̫幬ӲǲǵһΪ  ûоԵİյ£ھȻóȻ֣
ϾǾ̫幬Ѿ֪龳־ˣҲһɲС
˸ʲôģԶΪ
ҪǱնɱһ̫ϳϵĻ̫幬Ҳֻܹǲʤѣ
磬֮ǰôĻΪʲô֣ڵʲôֻҪָͷ˲𣿡
һûпѺͳһ̾Ͳģ  ݳлͲǻûг𣿺ٺ٣һȻҲҪ㣬вҶ壡Ҫľ򡭡
ʲô㡭Ҫɱлͣ磬ǡһĻҪȥˡ
ĸסˣ΢΢һЦûлͷˣ֮ǰ˵ҲΪԭЩ˾ˣûκεĺҩݳл뿪һ̣˾עˣ
ѵĿԶʱԼĶѾˡ
Ѻͳ֪ǣǵΣ̤еһѾǱˣ




1030Χɱݳл
 

еſڣ
Ҳû뵽ѺͳȻᵽУǵȫѹ
ֻһֱڵȴݳл֪ͣȻݳлԼãôȻȥҳѺͳģ
ûдӳѺͳһ̣ݳл;һֱǣ
ݳлͶڳΣ  ̫ڳˣһ޹һĸо  ԼʱʼֲˣֻҪ˵ˣԼܹʯΪģ  췢˳ѺͳݳлͣҲ¶һ˿Ц
ݣ
ӻһǳųѺͳĸǰֱȥ
ٶȿ磬ƺκηӦĻᣡ  䣡
ڶеķɽҪѺͳһ˲䣬һΪҵϢǵִ  ŷһŰϢ  컹ûɱѺͳ֪Լÿ϶ǲġ
Ȼ˵ĻôȻҪһַˣ
ڵĿľҪݳл͵նɱѺͳˣҪݳл֪Լ³
ݳлͻ̫Ļ컹Ĳô
ݳлѾûκεĿɽʧȥ̫ڵıӻԼʲôأ
죬
ݳлͿŶ죬һӾ⵽ô£
û뵽ⶫȻ˵ĺһƲһƣֱӶԳѺͳˡ
ʵ֮ǰѾ뵽ˣֻû뵽ôңõ峤ȻԶˣǻǰⶫ񵱳ɱ񰡣
Ӵǣⲻ÷ôŰû쿴ݳл΢΢Ц
Ѻͳ֪ʲô飬ڸղһŰǵΧը˿  ŵ˶ûҶ֪ղһӵ׷ʲô飡  ǵǻع֮󣬳ѵɫѾǱֱ䣡
ݳлͣ
γϵˣһﾹȻһεĳԼǰ  ݳлߣԺҸûκεĹϵҹҵĶľţ֮ǰѾ˵ҪǸҶҵŮ˺ҵŮҲóܵ𣡡
٣Ů˺Ů˼ҲɣͷֺǺαأ΢΢һЦݳлͣٸһλᣬɱˣǱҰ˵
죬ҵĻظڶ飡˭ҪǵҶѺһëһٱǧĴۣ
ݳл͵˳Ѻͳĸǰŭһ
ݳлͣǲװģģΪҸ˹ݸϷҾĹҸ㣬Σ
ѿݳл͵ӣЩЦ
ݳлͿ̫ڵʲô˶в  ΪԼҸ˹ԼͻôԼҲһ֮ʲôĳûм
ڳѵУݳл;ǸĻɫκεţ  ݳлͣûУǣƵˣ仨⣬ˮȴ鰡첻мЦ
ݳл죬Ͳҵʬȥ򡭡
٣ǲײĲᰡΧɱ
һ˿ݳл͵ҸԳһǿߣ
ݳлγ֮ƣ
ȥʲôǲ̫ڵݳл𣿡
ǰһﵽ˭ȻΧɱ̫ڵ۾
ҵθţ⵽ô˼ǿ̫ڵݳл˰ǡ
Ϊ׵˺Ƕ峤죬ķ˺ⶫöɣ÷˸ˣˣ
һǱ˽ǽһԶ  ˿̵ĳѺͳѾˣֻǿǰĳѵȻһ˿ĵ֮ɫ
ЩԼȴɲһ㣡  䣡
֮УӰƺصһһ޴ĳΧɢ˿
ݳлһһս龳֣  ҲһԻʵǿ
ⶫţҲҵӵ̫ϳϵ̫
οݳлͱҲѾ̫߱ϳϵʵѲⶫ˲ɣ  ̫Ͼ̫·
ݳлͱһԭѹƵһεĳѾǳŶĸǰ˹ȥ
ݳлͣڣ
΢΢Цкâ˸λǿ߼ͬʱὣݳл͵ķ˹ȥ
¡¡
һ쳹еſڣ˿еſھȻһɿĴ󶴣
˿ȻڿУԭ緢ݳлһƺѾЩʡˡ
л͡
һ˺ѷεĿ޺ȫһ˶֣ȥ
ŶȥӣҲ΢΢ҡͷ֪ЩעѾزȥˣ




1031¿Ķ
 

˿ԶѾǾۼ˲ٵĸ֣׺ͷҳ˾еĸ¥֮ϣ  ԶԶĿ߷飬ҲǾ治ѣ
ʦ磬⵹Щ˰
鿴Ҳ΢΢ҡͷȻݳлеſڱɱˡ
Ҳ΢΢üݳл̫ڵ˵ɽɵΧɱˣ̫Ǳ߾ȻûκεĶӦǳʲô⣡
ƺǵĿ꣬ݳлӦǳġĻЩ밡
̧ͷ˿ףƺɻҲЩͲͨ
΢΢ҡͷȿô°ɣҪԳѺֵĻڶҲٰݳлͣȿ˵ܾ鲻ô򵥡
׺鿴Զôľ룬Ҳκεⷢ
ʵɽɵŷУ֪˶ٵ龳֣޼ɵΧɱݳлͣһеſڣ
м˵ûʲôرĻǾԲŵģ
Ȼ˵Ļôֺαؼһʱᶯأ
⣡  ѺͳĿԣʱĳҲĨһ˿ĵ֮ɫ
ԭΪݳлԼŮǰݵһϷ
ЩԾˣΪղ˵ĺһǻʵġ
ʵȻǿɴݳлǲҰ׵ɫ֮УҲǿԿóһ϶ˡ
ôˡ
˿̵ɫɷף֮ǰԼĸ׳һΪԼıϵΪ֮  ֮ǰԼĸ˵ôԼϵ飬ΪһŮ˵ĳǸԵġ
ԼϵΪԼǰ;Լĸ׸Լˡġ
˵ԼȢһǿļ֮ŮҲʧ͸
ûϣԼĸһųûϣԼĸһûеˡ
УԼĸӦһصˣ
ϧ
תͷųѣԼĸɫҲ൱ѿ  һȡȿʲô˵Ͼ̫ڵ߾̫Ͼ¥Ҳһ֮ңҲôĶЩ˻᲻֪
ΪֵʵҲǺֵܶĵط
ǲ֪ΪʲôݳлͱôΧɱ̫ڵƺһĶûУ
лͣ
쳹УһɫӰݳл͵ķֱ˹  滨ĳû뵽ԼĶ绹ûնɱĸŮȻֱӽìͷ׼ݳлͣ  һаû֣ԼˣҴʮֵף  ߣã˶Ҷв޴󣬽һڴ˴ԺҶ
бһâ  ԼѾˣǾûа취ͷˣϲϷңʱûնɱݳл͡
һ뿪֮ԺǶް֮գ  磬ҵķ
Ȧͨ죬û뵽ԼĴͶ羹ȻѾ˾ǡǡԼ෴  ݳлѾ̫ڰ֮λԼҲ˳̫ڣһΪǸճŮˣԸ͵λͶ壡˻ʲô𣿸ÿ
̤һҪնɱݳл͵ļƣ
ݳлͿѪһ磬ŶЦһ죬ݳлǶ弸ʮֽ꣬ɱ˱ձѪϴ塭
ƾ㣿첻м˵㲻һ̫ڵĹѣΪöŮ˺Ůˡ
죡֮úܣǶûѺвʵ΢ô׾ͷΪϲⶫ񣿹ǰûϲûϲԺҲϲ
ݳл͵֮УϵĴӸ㼯ĵ֮У  Χ˿ҲǱһգƺ׼ķ
ݳлͣ㡭㡭ΪˣȻ˺ҡ治Ҹɱ𣿡
˿ɫ԰ֽĺһܡ
ôҲû뵽ݳл;ȻѺӢ۵˵Ļ
˻һҲ֪޿κεĻͷҲǱĮһϮȫ
Ϊ飬ⶫͻʲôұݳл΢΢Ц֪켸Ǳ֮֡
̫ڵļλ֣ӿ¶ûлӳȥ  Ϊˣ㾹Ȼ㣬ҽҪ棬㿴˵ôġ
񻺻ĳųѺͳķ˹ȥŮƺѾΪһ
Ψնɱ˶ˣܹƳħ  ݳлѾײںԼˣҲȥԼαװν




1032ǧһ
 

ݳлͱĨȥ̫֮λ˳̫ڣļٵİ
ȥİҪȻΪʲôݳлΧɱ̫֮˾ȴûκεĶأ
̫ھ˵Ҫɽɲ˧Ǵɰ
ʵ˿ݳлͺͶַӦɡ
Զһ˽Ǳţݳлͱ̫֮λǾһĴŰ
˿̵ݳлƺˮһսȥѾǵĸо  ȥһΪеƣԣҪĳѺͳ
̫Ͼ¥֮ϣ  λ̫ڵ̫ϳϺ־վǱߣ־Ĩһ˿䣡
ϲݳлһնɱ֮λĿɾȵ̫ˡ
˲Ϊ
־ΪԼоЩԲ˳ζ档
̫ںܶ˶֪ԼѾΪһҲǳĺһ  »Ҫȫģ  ־¶һ˿֮ɫλ̫ϳϣ̫ڵѲǾΧɱɣ
̫ϳҲǿ˿Ϊ׵ëƣëƳǶ峤˿еſΧɱݳлͣȻѾȫ׼̫ڴеĿΪ˶ȡʲôӦ֪İɣ
ǣƳϣ־ףֻǡ־ëƵĻ֮ѾһĿϲ֮ɫϻһ˵ӣ
һԵˮʦ֣лͱϾһֿųģѲҪǵ汻նɱ̫˵㲻ܴأ
ʦãҺγ֪أⶫ˭ӦҲİɣıںͶ壬һǲ룬ʱȻһս̫һ䲻𰡡
ëҲһ̾ϢʱԲܳ
ˮ̾һʦ֣ҡʵǿȥ
λ̫ϳҲһ̾ϢҲ֪ûëƵӦʣǾԲֵܶġ
˳ݳл͵ķ˹ȥ˿̵ݳлѾŭգ  㲻Ҫң
ݳлͿŶಽĳųѺͳĸǰ˹ȥŭһ
Ŀݳл͵ݳлͣģɱˣʱҲһȥǣҾҪ棬նɱˣ
СãͶˣ΢΢һЦ˿ݳл͵ݳл;ͽǼɣսپ
ɫų¶һ˿Цѣڼˣ
㡭˭
ʵѾǲ³һţѹҲûмݳл͵ķˣ  ʵϣܶѶ˵ģ
ݳлʹ飬Ҳɽɵ˸ģʱϢʱ׻һ㣡  ٺݳлݳлͶҪק˵ȴĸܾˡ
ǽ飬ȴֺûôļ򵥣  ңҾݳлýȢŶ񣡣һЦ
һʲô
ʲôݳлΪˣȻڲˣ˵ʲôһֱͬ𣿽ҾҪӢ۵棬ݳл͵棬
һǻɽһ㣬оЩԹһӾͷ˳
ֻҪɱˣԼͿԽˣ  ݳл͸ûκεĹϵѿŶǾ̫幬ĸţҪҶ֣ҲԼʵ
̫幬ʲôȥɡ
ΨһҪնɱĸŮʲô̫幬һëǮĹϵ  쿴ݳл΢΢һЦ÷һκ÷ϣ㲻ҪҶɢ
ݣ
ʵҲΪǿᣬ徳۷ĸ֣龳Ҳһ֮ңѣ
ǲ龳ѣҲ龳ĺڣ  һĲ࣬նɱѺͳ˼ɱݣ  ݳлѣҪȴԼѾǱָ
κһǶҪȥӪȳĸӼǲܵ飡
ŶǻһųѵĵȥŷеҪֹһУ  ֻϧ岻ƶ˵Ľ
ǳ
ݳлͿһѽһ֮ңʱһŭ־˿Ÿоһ  أ
ڶĽҪѵһ˲䣬һΪǿĽɨǧһģֱ˶Ĺ




1033±̫幬
 

еĹ㳡֮ϣ  ԭ˶ΪĸŮǱľ棬ʵʵЩ̫ˡ
ôҲû뵽ʱȻ۶ӳˣ  һǧĽɨֱӽķɽ赲  ǵƺûκͣЪӣֱӳŶĸǰ
󵨣
һΣҲŵøϽУ  䣡  ռΪ֮𵴣  龳֮ĶǳֱһѣΣ
˿ԭվڶǰĳѺͳѾǱص˾е¥֮ϡ
վ˳Ѻͳĸǰ˾δ
ų΢΢һЦû°ɣ
ûû¡
ѵֱͨͨһԵĳŵЩľ  ղŵһ˲䣬ƺָоΪǸûκεĻ֮
ȳ棿¶һ˿µĸо
ǡ˭ѿʵ
΢΢һЦ˺鳤ϡ
ǡǸ˾áǿ󣡡ѿ֣Ҳһ
ԶĹ㳡֮ϣ  ƮƮվ˶ĸǰüͷ壡  һͷ֮ˣȻǶ£ֱ
ߣ¾ˣҲ̫һЩɣҸҶԣ
ȻĿ׺飬Ʊǣ  һԵݳлͿųѺͳѾûˣҲǳ׵һղŵһ˲̫ˣ  ׵ԴɳƣŶ΢΢һ˱ڸţµűڵ棬ǲ̫ˣ
Ǿ̫幬ˣ쿴׺ʵ
̫幬ף
״˻һȫȻ˵Ŀⶼ׵ϣ  ˵ʵһ̫ɽɣҪҪո֡
ȻˣкܶҲҪһλֵķɣױҪ֮һӦҪˡ
û뵽ⲻ֮䣬˼Ѿǳˣҳֵ˵İ  ֱӸĴ֮һĶбĶ峤ˡ
ߣǸףҶǾ̫幬ˮˮϣ㲻Ҫ˻ˮΪܹеģ
㹻԰ʱǶ屾ʵǿټԼĴ綫ڵı
ȻǶ뱱ڤкһЩ࣬ಢǷǳԣ
ĴʵϾǻǣƶѣ
ɶȴһղҲ˵ˣ㹻԰ʱΪǼһǿڵ
弸˵ǹϵܵһУȱڤлܵ
Ŷвܶ˶Ϊ˷ܣ
Ϊ̫幬ƺҲһرϲˣ֮ǰҽȣ˼ҾǿԼʵɱΧġ
һѲҪʲô鷢𣿺ܶ˶ǻһĨڴ  ׿Ŷ쵭ȻһЦвˣ
вô
һֱǺŽ׳ģ֪ʲô£  Ҫ֪ԼĴǿɶеţҲ龳ĸ֣  ˭˵û¹£  ЩǶԵЩŻ߼壬ƺûһʲôõĽֵġ
ôȥˣƺҲû˸ҶǶ岻
½ţҪǶͷʺǲܵ飡  ôֻ˲̫ϲв׵ôĵȻ  ˾ϲвˣ
Ǵӹ͸¶ģ˸оôĲһ  ԡ
׵Ļƽƽܶ˶Ѿˣ˼ǽһӲ
ҪǶȥˣȰһ䣬ѺͳԸǶѣӦ֪Ƕʵġ
첻ôҪ½ĳ˿Ƕʵ
֮ǰѡնɱݳл͵ʱʵһеĺѾ뵽ˣ
ֻû뵽ԼնɱһڵĳѣȻ̫幬ʵЩСˣ
˿̣е¥֮ϣ
Ѻͳӿֳһĵ֮ɫⶫҲ˵ģڿ棬Ǹǵޱȡ
˵ʵԼ˵붫彻񣬻ܶ˶ѡ˽ȥɣ  ҵĻҿԸһѡ񣬴뿪ߣȨʲô鶼ûз
Ҳ¶֮ǰ֦ڣֻ֪һսƺⲻˡ
Ȼ˵Ļɣ




1034¾
 

ţ氡ҹȻûпˣ
ǰû뵽ڶǿļǰ˼Ҳһ㶼尡
һɽɿˣǿ۽簡֮ǰҽûп Ҫܹ֣ˬˣ
ĸֿҪı˰Ҹ֧类ǰ˰ѳ̫ˣӦû˰
µǰֲֿ´ģǿųҲһ˷֮ɫ  ̫幬Ҳˣ׺ǸԶ
ҽһս  񿴵һεĸ˸ˣв˷ܵĵأ
ҪĴĻҲϣܹǲͬеǰǿ  ̫Ͼ¥¥  ëƵ˿ԶüͷҲ΢΢Ϊƺоǰ֮˵ʵΣ
̫幬ţƺܸоЩ죡  һǴĻǵ׼ɽɣ̫幬ľȴƫƫһ꿪ɽɣ  ǣ¶̫ڸɽɳ׿սӣ  û뵽оȻó˿øžᣬⲻǲ̨ʲô  ˿̿ž̫幬˺Ͷ˸ˣ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ˮǸվڳеӰоЩϤ
ӦòǸˣΪǸƺʵǿǰܹӲ죬һǿߣôأ  ֻһϤĸоô˵ĳͷûһ¡
Ψ˳ֵʱľȻЩˣ

ˮ૵˵ʵǲܣô˵ҲǸԼһҰο  ʵǸӵģ֪ԼǸԼȴռԼ˵ļһӦԴ  ɱߴһ٣  ˮ֪ʵ벻ͨӦô  ԼһҲˣֻǼһ˵¶ʱǻټġ
ʵЩˮʲô˼֮оȻԶ¶Ҳһ˿Īڴ
ʦã˵ʲôëƿˮӣҲüʵ
ûûʲôǸһ˭ˮʵ
һ½ţ̫幬ƺʵǳǿԺҲ̫ڵһвëƽ͵
ǰ˹ĺܣҪעⰡһλ̫ϳϵ
һλ̫ϳ΢΢һЦʵҿҲûбҪ̫ĵģЩ˿ʵɱϾ̫ᣬ̫ǿɲǺ£չ۵ĵλҲ׵ģⶫһˣʱڿҲǵ˰
ţǻȿϷɣëҲǐź΢΢һЦ˵ĻǷǳеģ  ڵĹ㳡֮ϣ  쿴ΪŵӣЦǾƲԳԷˣ
峤˵ĻҾ̫幬ԣǶ廹ûʸ񣡣
׵ĻԵޱߣŶоһѪڣ
Ȼʢһܹģ  ڳЩһߣ׵ĳѾϽˮһ㣡  ҴطˣҲãȻôţҲøһЩа
Цһ˿ӰѾǶˣ  ݣ
ͬʱӰѾʧ׵ǰ
һĽ֮ѹռƺ˺ѳ룡  ⽣Ҫն׵ʱ׵жһɽ  һΪǿĽѾǾۼ׵ͷ֮ϣ
֮ԭΪһغϵĽѾˣȴû뵽׾Ȼк֣
׵ǵƺ˶ļӲĳŶķѹ˹ȥ  ɱ  ȾǿֶΣûǿʵ֧ž֧Ų˵ġ
ʲô⡭ôܣгԾ˶ͷҲðһ˿亹  峤Сġ
ǵǿޱȵĽŶķԭݳл͵λ̫ϳҲӿֳ֮ɫ
ֱӳŽķ˹ȥƺڰﶫֵһֵĹ
䣡
ǵۻĽ  λ̫ϳϼͬʱû⽣Ӱ֮
΢΢Цὣһ
նʽ  ŭһλ̫ϳ˲оһ㣬ռѾ׵ʶȫˣ
һмһ֮䣬ݲκȥ˼  飡
λ̫ϳϵķ򷢳һҵײ֮мŷɽ
ռ֮УԭˣֻʣһɫӰ
ԭ׶սλ̫ϳϣڼ֮ھˣ  һϢ˵ϣռһζ
¡¡
Ŀɿڴ֮ʣѾڵϵλ̫ϳϵȻ䱬
һѪˮƮɵ  ֲ˹
һϵн˸оһۻңԭֵĳ漸һ˲µİ




1035һλ˭
 

龳ڵĸ֣նɱ
һʵ̫죬˶һ
ʵֲ̫һЩ  Ҫ֪ǿ龳ĸְһӵʱ䣬ͱλ˵еľ̫幬նɱ
ûκһ˿˿ˮԭЩΪ;˵ˣ˿Ҳɳˡ
ǿ
˵ǿ˻ô
ĺ֮зһ๾ƺԼĿˮ
ǰһУת˲֮䣬Լĳǿս֮һ̫ϳѾ䣡
һλ˭
׿һߵλ̫ϳϣ֮ħһ㣬˲
λ̫ϳϱ׸֮һ£оȻһ˿
̫ŵµģ  ʱҲݲŰԼʵĶһ֮ǰ緢
ѾǱһ̲Ѫˮ˲
ߣ
ʱûκεԥһץסԼöһѾǽ֮ڣ
һߵλ̫ϳϷӦЩˣ  ׼뿪ʱ򣬱ݳлһնԭ׼ûеȴ赲棡
ЦһҾ̫幬ԣҲҪܵĺɱ
˾ô㶵Ŀף
컢ϡ
˿վеĶ㣬һı
Լˣɶ컢ȴ棬һĽĳ˹ȵף  ͵ʴף
ԭŽݳл㿴̫幬ʲô·ôҲû뵽̫幬˵ĺ
ԶĳҲǿһ£ʱҳȥ
ΪѾЩɱ۵Ľ࣬㼴ҪնɱԼĳ̫ϳϣ  ʵ̫⣬Ŀڰ
һû̫幬ʽѣôͲܹ  磬컢ϰɣ򡭡Щ΢΢컢Ļôڶ˵ǳصĴ
һλ龳ǿߣҪѶٵѪܹİ  ʱҲҲ죬̫ˣ֮ǰҾ͸˵ ̫幬ʵǿᣬƫƫݳлͿɱɾ̫幬ܹ׵𣿡
˿ҲڵѪΪ岻Ƕļ壬Ҳʱ֮һ
һλ̫ϳϣνԪ˰
磬㣬ͰҾ컢ϰɣҪȻҡ
֪һλ̫ϳͬʱꪵĻǵʱص壬ֻλҲˡ
ԭǿгͷ̫幬ӲҪ̫幬ġ
ǵͷԼȴΪ˱˳ɹλĵʯ
̫幬öȺۣ  䣡
ԶĽӰ֮ǰ֮ʼһޣ  컢֮ʣĿ⿴ԶĶͶ죬д޾Ĳ֮ɫ  ˳棬ȴûκ˸ҲУЩԭΪֵܹˣһĲ
̫幬һǵ̨  ݳлͣ汾뿪
׶ݳл̬ͣȸһµѣ
ݳлҲʿˮã
ҲҴȥҲҴң
ܿ죬˵ѾʧеĹ㳡֮У˶֪ҪȥĵطǾУȴû˸赲ǵĲ
쵰ҪǣҪǣ
쿴׵ȥıӰбŷȵķ
Ŷ쵭˵ʲôǣô
磬Ѳһŵɾ̫幬˵Űôο㻹ǶӵܣѲͶô
вʵĿԼĴ磬ʵ벻ͨԼĴΪλ˵ĵ
Ŷܣҿ㵱ʮ峤ȥˣ˲죬ѲҲеǾӱʮ겻̫幬â̫ҵ֮Ӳƴ˭
磬ǡʹ಻ѣ̫ˡ
һεöѣʱ֣˻Ϊڹ˽ʱֺ𣿡
磬Բ𡭡ɥû뵽ԼľٶԼʧȥԼˣöʧȥλ̫ϳϣ˿аûڲѣ
ɾǶ˵кҩأ
һ
ڲ˵ʱ򣬰ȻؼȥɡȴʱѾ˶ţ̫幬ȻҪɨģԭһҪڹѾûκιıҪˣ
۾մľУбһɱ
˼֮޺޵ĵͷȻǷǳĲʡ




1036̫ڵ̬
 

̫ô˰Ļ𣿡
ʵȻ֮ͬǰŵǰ㣬ʵǿûѰ
Ҫʵʲô͸ʲôʲôʲô̫ڣͳͳһȥ
Ѿ˵Сĵɣͼһξ̫幬ŵˣ
ɲզΣһˣǰ󳬼ŶľԺҪдˣ
̫幬ҪλǱҪͨλʮ󳬼Ű֪ǻĸأڴ
һ˵ȿ׵ȥҲǿʼһҵ֮
о֮̾Ӷ࣬Ѿкö˿ʼףʵȦ۵Ľడ
̫幬һ̿κŶûа취Сˣ  ̫Ͼ¥Ķ㣡  ëƺڻЩδĸо֮ǰ̫幬εЩ̫ˡ
ȻҲ֪ûʵǺնɱ׵ﳽġ
ҲӦûз䴫ŵôĿţ˵ˣҽǵôŰ衣
ǵʵսˮƽӦҲǺһĸоǱͬǿնɱʵҲ޿ɺǵ飡  ϾһҩźЩɱžǲܱȵģ  ̫幬ȷǿеûʲô־ȿڣëƵƳϣ᲻Ƕ¶鷳
̫幬Ӧòǳ̫İɣһȻ˶壬˳Ҳڡǲôǵѡ̫԰ɣ
ëƵĿҲǲ޵ģֻ֪Ļڡ
ʵϣ̫幬һεĿ̫ڣ
Ȼƺûκһ̫ڣҲΪ˲ǵľѡ
һѡ֣ʵҲԼĿĵģ  ֪һκ̫ڵŴս±ⲻˣܶźͼ»ǽͷݵ飡
׵һγ־ΪȺۣ˭Ҫ¶̫ں;̫幬Ĵս֣Ҳÿǵûʸ  ˵һ׵ĳ֣Ѿúܶ˼źͼ峹׵Ķ롣
Ҫǵ˾̫幬Ļ·ַӾͱ˼Ҹˡ
磬Ѿܶûгֹ˰Եˣ
Ƴ˵ļǣ̫幬ĸƻ̫ڵļƻĻʱ¾Ҫʳˣ־΢΢һЦ
ëƶ˳̫幬վһ½ţɱϣһɳƱػΪżΪѲһ˰ҿҸǰɡ
Ƴϣ˵ģһɳʱ־
̫ڵ̬ȣ
̫幬ȻʱûκεĹϸ𣬿Щ߲УѾ̫幬ˡ
Ǵ˴Ļ̫ڿҲ̼뵽̫幬֮ˡ
ϾţԺȻĸ󻼰  һԵˮǸоղǸͷҵ˸֮ǰ۸ԼļһЩϵǼһŶ
֪ǸһʲôȻ֪ٷ֮ʮϵĲһ
һأΪ֮ҲһӣϾɭҲһССڵСܹİɣ
Īʵʵһ֣  ˮûаٷ֮ʮĿԵһԭ򣬵漴Ҳ˦˦ͷϾ˿ȥһ֣һͽӣ
ʦ֣ԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣡ̫幬΢ĩʵǿᣡǽأǿǿϣ
ˮȻ֪ǸǲԼҪҵˣܵĲ̫幬Թ
ʦã֮Ҫã̫幬Ȼ½𣬿ûе̣һʵǿ󣬻ͻмҰġ̫һõ֮ѩʱưҲָտɴˣߣʸ𣿡
ëһ뵽Ǳ֮ѩ˻Ҳһս  Լĵ˱֮ѩİʱΪ龳۷ǿߣʱ˭棿  ʱԼǽǧΨһ֮ˣʱʷ磬գ
һССľ̫幬ûзУ  ˮ̾һ˵ֻȴһ˿ĸоŮ˵ֱЩʱ쳣ǿ
οŮ˻һλ龳ڵǿߡ
ж㣡  أݳлЩƵĿˣ˾оʧˡ
һԵ鿴ݳлͳʦովսȻˣٹɾǶ¶ʱս
ʵϣ׾վ̫幬Ķ㣬ֻȵ·ѣ
ѺͳҲǽ˾еĶ㡣
ݳлһѺͳ֮Ҳ΢΢һѣҡ
ݳлͣôأѴ˿˵ĵʵݳлû£Ҳǳĺһ
һԵĳݳл֮ͣǰһĻԼĸ˵ʵǳܴ
ݳлͺͳѵĸ״ˣҡһ󡭡
㲻ҪΪ⣬˽ˣŭ˵
ųѵĸף˵ҲҵġףǲҲøһͰɣ
鿴ųҲ΢΢ͷҾԼǡҪȻԺһħ׵߻ħģҿҲʮֵĲȣš
ѣҾλСֵ˵ļǣҪͣһֱûᡭ
ݳлͿųЩƵ˵ųɫҲһļ  鳤ϣĻҾԲһ͵ġݳлͣҿ鳤ϵϾ͸һ͵Ļᣡ
ѿŸոݳлΪ˱Լһ㱻նɱʵѾЩɶˡ
壬ʵҲǸԼһ̨׶ѣ




1037ƾԲ
 

ж㣡
˵Ŀⶼ˳ѵϣǼΪ׵ӣ  ûܹö׸֮䵽ʲôĹϵ  ɲôڻûб¶ݲǣ  ˶ڳҲǸĹգȻҲ͸մˡ
ݳлĿԣѺܿͱܿݳл͵
ʮĵȴ
񿴵뼴Ҫһ̣ѵġ
ϣԼҪĽѾ֮еһˡ
һΣеǹɳ޳׵ĸ˳ֻǸոտݳлΪԼһʱԥˣ
ѣҶԲ㣡ݳлһͿʼԼ그µĴ  ߣûжԲң׷ٻҲûдѵĻ֮дһӵζ
ѣ֪ɵʱûа취ݳлͿų¶һ˿˿ֿ
ûа취һûа취ǹ¶ĸĵôꣿһͶûΪһ𣿡
һݳл͵Ļͼ
֪֪һжҵĴݳл͵ı֮¶һ˿ʹɫ
˵ЩǸģǴɲأҸͦõģֻҪ̫ڷһ·ˣ
ѵ֮дļ֮ɫʵϾڷ֮ǰݳлԼĵɽǱȵ顣
ݳл̾һɽӵҲԣҲûκεİ취ɽǱ뵽ȣǾҪǿˣɽʮ꣬Ҳʮ겻𣿡
һ˵ˣ˵ʲôҪһͣ㡣Щˡ
ƺоһʧݳл˵˵ȥڵǸɾûҪ飡
ݳлͿų̾һѣһص̫ڣ׼ȥëƳ˵ҪӮȡ顣̫ڵķУ˶ʢһʱ嶯˴󡭡
ߣ㵱ʱ˵ֻһΪʲôѼ˵
ʵʱҲǿ˶񣬿Ҳ֪ôΣѹʱŮ˾ҵĴߣҲΪûʲôҲ֪Ƕж峤ΨһŮ
ݳл˵ʱ򣬱Ҳ쳣
û뵽ôأڶƻ飡
˵ģҲȨбǰɣѵȦͨ죬˼״̬  ˵ǰģⱲֻһˣҸӴȻΪ˶ȡȣǺѾİ㣬Ҳϲϱ˵ġⶫ̫ڣ붫ɻ飬Ҳûа취
ݳл͵ı쳣ʹ࣬·Ҳеһ̡
ݳлͣǲҪ˼㣡˱͸˼ҳҵĽͣһ˵Ļûй˼㣡
Ѷݳл͵ĽͷǳĲ⣬͵ĻѾȫûбҪݳлͼ̸ȥˡ
鿴ݳлͶЩ˵һֱܲ˵ص㰡һŶоۡ
ص㣿ŶԶԶԣѣصǵʱɶ˵ˣҲȢǾͻǶ֡ʱŸոճҡôܹĿҷµĴеأ
ݳл˵ص㣬ʵϵΪŲòӦ˶
㡭˵ģΪҺŴӦǸģһݳлʵ
֮ǰھУһ׼͵鱻֪ˣٺֵ̫ϳǱߣҹ¸Ǹɱǣһ֮¾͸̫ڶŮ˳׵Ļ˽ޡݳлͳ
Ϊʲô粻ôͱ˵ʵ
һԵ鿴˿ѵ˵һͿ˰ݳл̫̾ڣû̫ڵıӻ·ַӾܹҪʲôȥǰ
ԶԶԣλСֵ˵ûݳл̵
ȥ˵˭Сֵأ̫幬ڳ飡Ƶ˵ĳСҲһߵ鰡  նɱﳽ鳤ϣ⡭ôܣݳл͵ɴ۾Ե飬һ
˵˭ˣ㻹ǿôԭɣ鿴ݳл΢΢һЦ
ݳлͿŶĳѣҲǵѣ˵ĻʵаԣԸǴá
㣡
ֹݳл͵ĻͬΪߣǿɲ׷İ  һ㣬ѾƾԲĿʼˡ




1038ݳл͵ѡ
 

ѡݳлͣ
ΪģʵԴ֮ǰݳлΪ˱ĸŮ˲һ㱻նɱʼѾǶҡˡ
ݳлһ̰Ľٻ֮˵ĻҲ˵ľٶ
һֻ׷ٻ󻯵ˣǾԲԼȥˡ
ݳлˣˣ  Ӣ۵棬ѡ˺Ͷսףһʬ̤ȥ˲óѵڻˣ
ѡ
ݳлͿųѡԼҲǼˮۿ֮С
ѿΧôˣЩ˼Ŀų
ԭһֱ踺ذıκʵҪ
ΪһԼĵһ֪ˣԸѡԼĸһصӺҲԸԼĸһѡ񸻹Լث֣  񿴵Լĸˣôܹأ
ݳлͿųӯ
ҲƮᣬһǵȵ̫̫ˡ
Բ㡭ݳлǰ˿̳ѾԼϵĻС
ʮȥˣһеĸܵԼůĻ  ѿųӣҲ͵͵ĨĨԼᣬöԲԼŮĶԲ  мҲû뵽ôۣһƺѾɢˣ  ϲ˰
鿴˿ݳл΢΢һЦҲһת
ллֳϣллλԺλݳл͵ˣҲллλԻѺһֱչˡ
ݳл͵Ŵڵ֮ˣͶ֮ҲǾԴ֮硣
ʵ֮ǰѾǽˣݳлͺͳѺͺãǾͽ£
һǼĵĻǵʱնɱҲ٣  ʵݳлͲ֪һѲ߲ԭĻĽֺпܾͺͶλ̫ϳһˣ
ЩԴϲĸоˣ
ӺҲվӦʶɣ
ϣ̫ڣҽӴݳлͿ΢΢
Ѿ̫ڵҲûôĸˣ
ǣǸ߳һֵĳ֣ҲӦأ
ݳл΢΢һЦҲνŰ֪ȥ
ȥʲô˼ʾݳлû뵽̫幬Ȼֱӿʼˡ
ʵûȥǵնɱ˶λ̫ϳ֮ϰԼһ·ˡ
Ѿڶıɱ֮ˡ
Ǻǣϻޱȣô᲻ױ˼أݸһЦ
ݳлͳҸ뿪̫ڣ̫幬⡭²̫ʰɣ
òʵĻǵǻһֺʽ˵
һֺʽݳлһĲ죬̫幬۶ӻǶడ
̫幬Ҳǲܹǵ顣
ֻԥ̫幬˾Ȼ˵ĺʽȤ
Ǻǣ̫ںʵӦǲİɣݳлЦʵ
˵Ӧǵģݳлͳ
Ȼ˵ĻҾ̫幬ĸţҿǿȥȵʱһͳ̫ڣ̫ȣգ
ݳл΢΢һЦЦУԿóһţ  ֻݳлͺͳѼЩĿ  һͳ̫ڣĪǾóлСɣ
ݳл͵Ҳһƣ⿪ЦҲôİɣ
Ȱ̫ڸ沢ˣֻҪǸ߿¶о̫ܰ
ѿҲǵ⡭Це˰
ǺǣЦ˵˼
𣿲֪¿ɷһݳл;ԼӦʸһˡ
΢΢һЦȸüʱȻˣʵ˼
ѲǾ̫幬Ҫ̫ڡ
ݳлԭ̫ܿ뵽˸ָĿԣĪھ̫幬Ĳˡ
΢΢һЦҪǾ̫幬ɣ
޿ܣ̫ѾҵĲ²ӦǶԵˣ˵ĻлԸһֻǡݳлԴһ˿ԥ
ֻʲôʲôѵ˵޷ź΢΢һЦ
ݳл͹ֵϣ̫幬ܹûѺİȫ޻ڣ
л͡
һתһѾǻ˹
΢΢һЦƺûİһ̫Ҿ̫幬У
ݳлһ𾪵ĿǶôŲܹ˵óĻ
̫ڵҲӦø˵˵˰ɣһ΢΢һЦ
ǲݳлͣϾĸƤֻҪݳлͨ˿飬ԺӭԼһ۷壡




1039˾֪
 

̫ڵ
ݳлЩԥϾǳ飡  οһ飬ǵ˶ܹ飡  ݳлԼҲû뵽ⶫʱôһ
ȻĻһʷսָߣ  Ѿǲˣ
ëƷ̫ڷѾ̫ˡ
鿴˿ݳл΢΢һЦǶ̫ᰡɲʲôŶ
ˣ漰̫ڵ߻ܣҵĸλһ֪̫ڿ¾Ҫˣ
ݳлͿ飬ҲѵЩʵ֪֪Ҫá
Ϊ֪Եڣһ֪ˣʱ¾ǲݵľ档
ʵǲ˵Ҳܹµó鿴ݳл΢΢һЦ
㡭ܹµó⡭ⲻܰɣ
ݳлΪⱣܹķǳĺãʵϳλ̫ϳ֪֮⣬˼˵һŲ֪
֪ľ̫ɽܶѣǺһŲ֪  û뵽龹Ȼ˵Լ֪ôأ  ţ
Щ٩ĿݳлͣһﾹȻԼ˵Ļ  ô˵ҲǿݳлѾӦ˵²ô˵ģݳлͲ˵ĻǿԺҲûκεĻˡ
ݳл΢΢ҡͷ̫ڳıôãܹһֱķǳĺãҲ˵ͨ󡭡
лͣǲҪȡɽɵı֮ѩ
ѿݳлҲǵȻһЦʵʵ֮ǰ̫֮ڵĿĿ¾  ѣ㡭Ҳ֪ˣ
ݳлһû뵽Ѷ֪
ԼΪʲôܣڿʲôֱܰ˾֪
һЦ̫ڹȻֻ̰ϧ֮ѩôõĶǾȻ̷ֱֻȥǿϧ
Ѳⶫķ÷ɣݳл͵ɴ۾
ٺ٣ܣõ˱֮ѩ֮󣬵ʱ֪ˣһ˿˵
Ȼλ֪ˣҲбҪһ¸λ̫ԭһλ龳ǿߣһʣλλԼһ£λ龳ǿߣһʲô
ݳлҲеĵĶ˵Ͼһ¶֮ѩǱȻ̫ˡ
֮ս⣡
һսκһˣŶǻҷ
Ȼղ˵ɣ̫ڵ̷ǳǿ˵һλĸ֣Ҳֻ˵״ڲ˻֪ء
ɷģĻҲλ龳ĸˡӦ֪Ѱ龳֣鳤ϵĸǰ
Ϊŵ˵
ݳлҲǵͷǰնɱλ龳ĸ֣ʵΪ֮հ
㻹ʲôɵĵأ͵һͳ̫ڰɣ֮ǰҾ̫幬Ҫ̤̫ڳɾλʮŵУ
ӿֳһĨ˷֮ɫ  ԼҲû뵽ʱ򻹻˷ܵĳ棬ǰǲġ
ݳл֮ƺ̤ʵһЩȻЩǣһҲλ龳ǿߣĵҲ˺ܶ࣡
ݳлͿ˵бҪһλӦ֪˰ɣ
񣿾֮ǰǸô鿴ݳлЦʵ
ǰǶΨһŮһݳлͳ
Ǹڵôʵ
ǰҵһǸ̫ڻսʱǿ»֮
ݳл֪˵Ĳпᣬƴ©ʵ̫ˡ
ǳĲҪţ⵽ʱǱҲǼֲֵˡ
Цһǲ
ݳл͵鳤ϣǺõģҲҪȫ׼һ㣬̫ڲôļ򵥡
ô˼Ѳ̫ڻʲôִڲɣҲһ
ֻǴţ̫һλ֣Ҳ֪ڲˣڵĻӦѾǴﵽ龳ĺˣ
ݳл͵һ仰üͷ
龳ں龳ڣȥֻһֻȴǧ  Ǻǣû˵˭ﵽ龳ڵĲΰɣЩŵ˵
֪ѾλˣȻˣҲҵ̫֪֮ġݳлͳ
λ
̫幬ҲһĴ㵣ȻƺƵжЩˡ
һԵףüͷҲ΢΢




1040ǿ
 

ݳлԭҲΪ˿϶֪ģϾȻܣҲʲô̫ܡ
֪ĺܶ飬֪˲Ǻܶ࣡
ͱЩ֣Ǽһ״̬ƺѾʼˣ  λ˵˵
ҲǵһݳлͣϢǱȽϵĸȤ
ʵǸЩ龳ڻڵ˴Լоһļ鶼ûˡ
ֳϣȻҲ֪Ҿ˵˵ɣһλڵذδ룬ذδӦ֪ɣ
ݳлͿʵ
𾪵Ŀݳл͵ذδ룿ǿǸʦһʱ˰ϼһﲻ˵Ѿôܡ
䣿Ǻǣǲڵ۷ѣʵϸ̫ڵϢزδ벻û䣬Ѿǿ龳ĺڣ龳۷Ŭĳء
ݳл͵ȻһЦ紫زδѾʵˣ  ̫ȻҲܵϢԴܶҲǱ˴ղ  ݳлͶذδҲЩ˽ġ
ذδϼһﻹûĻôʵƿֲ̾˵
ǰذδʵԹƣصĹҲӦͻƵ龳ĺڣԼ̫ЩʱҲ
ݳл̾һһλ˵ѾܵһŨŨѹˡ
ǵڶأ
ı鵹һĵȻһ龳ڵ˶ѣѹҲۣ  ݳлͳڶӦþħڲλаˣ
аĪڿЦħѾܳʱ䲻˰ɣ
Բ𾪵ĿݳлͣħѾʧ伣ܳһʱˡ
û뵽ݳл;Ȼħڵָƣ
Ǻǣ̫ڵش֮أʵħڵĲҲܵطȥʱץһħڵĳϣе֪а걻ΧɱΪȥ˸ط˶ѣ
ݳл͵ĻԲһ  Բݳл͵û뵽аȻûĻָ˵ĻǶ綼Ѱ
鿴Բ˵˵Բϣܱܲ־Լ簡
鳤ϣǲ֪аа԰ʵĪ⣡ڵʱҸ˽ֹһΡ
Բ΢΢һ̾ƺԸ飡  ݳлͿԲԲϣ㡭㡭ĪڵԲ㲻ڶսô⡭
Բݳл̾һղԣذδаӦˣȴǻúõĻ𣿡
Ҳǣ
ݳл;Բ˵ĺеزδаأһԲܹôأ
鿴ԲʵĽӦ˰ɣ
˵ĻҲˣɡаУұһ㱻նɱҪǵֻǱԵĻǸʱѾǲˣ
ԲزδʱʵҲʶûôĸо
ɵаŵʱ𾪲ڱ˿Լһ㡣
鿴ݳл͵ȥͷСأ
˵Ҷ˵ˣݳл͵üͷѾ΢΢
³ԼҲû֪ˣ  ˵Сĥĥĸʲô鿴ݳлװģ޲ȥСһţ  ˲ǱˣǸ˶룡
ݳлʹ˻һΪ֮ɫ䣡  һԵһⶫ񲢲ǿ󰡣Ǳڤе棬ǵʵôܡ
ǰղ۵ĻǱڤеĲȷҪȶǿǲʵݳлͳʵⶫʵ֪Ϊõһ
Ǳڤе鱨ⶫӦ龳ڵʵвʵ˵
֮ǰҲôΪģһ˵飡ӦҲΪôҲô˵ġݳл͵ɫҲǱȽϵѿ
ʲôܹһ龳ڵˣһӱ龳ڵǿߣΪŵĿݳлʵ
ݳлͳ
ڵôܣĻǻ壿Ƿˣæ
ʮǰ˵ĸڶһռз
ݳл͵Ҳǰ̾һⶫ岢ǣҪʵûа취ĻҲⶫַˡ
ڰֵҲҪЩϣˮڣΨһ̫ڣΪλʮ󳬼ţЩ龳ڵǿߣĸҶҾ̫幬ǶȻҲ޻أ
ѵʵ龳ڿǿ󣬿лǲֵһᣡ  ǴɽˣСHoldס




1041ɽɵ
 

ɽڣ  ˿ɽѾŽգٴһ㣡  ܰ꺭ͺ±ںԺһԺھĵȴš
ǻʱ䣬ɺܰ꺭ĸ׺νȴһֱûټܰ꺭úܰ꺭Ϊƣ  ʦã˻ûټ㰡±źܰ꺭ʵ
ټҲãһһƺ׺ܲˣѾ˺̫һ׼ˣֻǻ˵һݵѹɣ
ܰ꺭ʵҲ֪֮ǰͺ±ܵͳȥĿѾǲԶˡ
һε۷˵ν֮ǰеŬ֮һˡ
꺭ټĻô˵±ҲЩǵĿźܰ꺭
ܰ꺭ʵ˵ɣ˵ֻҪǲй¶˾̫幬ͼͿˡŸ״Ӧòй¶İɣ
̫ŴڣҲ֪ǵֵܲܵס̫ڳˮһĽ±̾һ鵽һҲ쳣ĵġ
֨  ܰ꺭ķſˣһλŮ˽  ܰ꺭һˣȥô
ŮӲǱˣֽܰ
ܰ꺭ԭкܰ꺭꺭ӲǱνɸˡ
ҪΪ˼һԼԼİ޹ͬİᾧ
ǴӺܰ꺭УͿԿóνɶԼӺŮְˡ
ҲΪʲôνƣҲӦ̫ڱƻһԭ
ҪԼŮĻǻ˵  ɲԼŮԼҲһ
ǳĺɫ֮ͽٸɱ֡
ˣνɻԼİŮ޸𣿾޿ܣ  ܰźܰ꺭ԼŮĸ첲꺭ˣΪʲôҪ֪֪㸸ΪѾˣ
ŮΪһ֮˽ɽɵΣڲ˰ɣԺ±˴Ҹ׵ļǰ
ܰ꺭ԼĸףĹȴ͸һɸǿ֮ɫ  
ܰƵ̾һҲ֪Ӧôˣۿбᣬʵ±󿴵óЩˡ
±ŰܰˣҪȻȥ˰ɡ
һǺȥһ½ɵģ꺭ӦҲ֪㸸׵ƢҪ㸸˰
ܰźܰ꺭Щǵ˵
һгķ߹ȥɽ֣˶֪ǵδںη
νΪɽɵÿһܹɽɵδ
˿̺νɵסһλλ  ̩ɽˡ
νɳλҾһ£˱ɽΨһ̫ϳϣҲǰܰĸװĭ㣡  ĭ㳯źν΢΢һ۵Ҿ֪Ѿˡ
̩ɽˣ꺭Ҹܰͷ⣬ҾԲĿصġνɳ
Ȼ֪꺭ǵͷ⣬Ѳҵͷ𣿿Ҫ֪̫λʮ󳬼λڶǸԶϺ·ĭ
̩ɽˣѲ꺭Сӳף̫ھܹŹҿ²ᣡν֪̫ڳŵĿǱ֮ѩ  ЩʱδؾǸ֮ѩ³˱ǧ̫꣡ѡ¶ʱȻǵĿľǳ֮ѩģ
ĭƵ̾һȵ³˵Ļһ˱֮ѩǵʱɽܹȺˡ
ֻϧͲô죬ȴûκεİ취  νɳ̩ɽˣ꺭Ӧ֪ɣɽѾԿ̫ڣҵõϢһ̫еĸ㳲Ŀֱָɽɰ
̫ڵ˼ҵȻ˼꺭ߣĭʵ
ɽְҲϣ꺭ΪҵȱֻϣܹúõĻȥ
νΪһףܹĻֻЩˣֻ⸶Ĵʵ̫̫
ĭ˵Ҳԣ̫ڵĿĸͲ׵ģκ鲻һͷѣͷҵˣȻŹûġȻ˵Ļ꺭һ߰ɣžͽͷ
̩ɽӦ˽ҵģΪһ֮ôĵ뿪ʵڲУһҵȡɽŵӵİΣ
νѾ˱Ĵ㣬ûκεأ
ܽΣ֪Լ϶  óɽɣ̫ҲԼΪ֪֮ѩܣ  ĭ̫ҪɽɣŸҲǺù֮ѩ²һҪõɣߣ
ĭһ˿˿ĺâƺҲѾƵĴ㣡
꺭ˡ
νɿŰĭɫҲǻ˺ܶ࣡




1042ǼǾ̫幬
 

ɽ
ܰ꺭ߵʱﲻԼĸףԼ⹫  ⹫
ܰ꺭ȥ֮Ҳͨһ  νɵһӣԭѾµĺܰ꺭Ѿվ
ԼŮҲ¶һ˿꺭⺢ԽԽˣһ㻹Ҫߡ
⹫ҲߣҪͬܰ꺭͸һӵļᶨ֮ɫ  꺭˰ĭ㿴ԼΨһŮҲ¶һ˿顣
ܰۿͨ꺭Сҿ߰ɣֻҪţǾҲν
ܰղѾˣǼ꺭ߣҪȥҲһ׵飬ҿŶ¶ĵ߱Ƚϵĺʰ
ĭ㿴źνɺͰܰЩѯʵ˵
νɵͷҿҲǣɽѾǱ̫ںΧˮйͨ¾һֻӬҲѷɳȥ
⹫ҲߣǾԲߵģ˵ˣѾɽɣɽɵˣҲûȨߡ
ܰ꺭ţһ˵һλԭġ
һ뵽ǴɱķӣһɽӦò̫⣡
˻⹫ܺ㲻ɣΪǶɽɺ𣿵ʱֻܹȡ裡
νЩɸֵ˵ȻҲ֪ԼŮһƬģ  ʱ̸ĲĵѾûκεˣܹҪİ
ĭ㿴źܰ꺭꺭ʲôʱɽˣСѾͷ黹ôçײΪɽ̫ھͲ˵̫͹ˡҸ˵һǸǳģ
ʲôǳģܰ꺭ЩƵʵ
һֱΪԼеھο֪ˣԼ⹫Ȼ˵ԼʵûжĹϵ
һЩˣôԼûκεĹϵأ
ȻǳģΪ˭һССĸ֮ӵĻԼΪܹͶ̫ô龳ֹǿûôУ
ĭҲ¶һ˿Ц⣬ֻЦݳεĸо  ±ŰĭҲʿˮ̫ϳϣ̫ڲǳ꺭ʦùģǡǵҪʲôɽɻ̫ڵţԼԼ𣿡
ǺǣЩǲҲҪֻҪסǲẦǵľˣ꺭ͲҪˣĻĭ
⹫꺭ѾˣҲԼȨ˰ɣûκεĹϵϵ⹫͵Ƕˣһ˻ϻʲôأ
ܰ꺭Ļ˶һˣ
ܰһ꺭⺢ӣţô򵥵ĵ㶼𣿡
ʵһһǻģܰ꺭ʱ£Ҷ˵ͨʱֻܹһ˵ˡ
ˣǲǰ׳հѲ֪ڵĴҿǲҪǻɣʲô˼
νû뵽ԼŮȻţҲã  У  ԼŮڱ˵ţҲ̫ע⣡
ֻҪԼ͵һЩһӻҲôȥˡ
ܰ꺭һԼ׵Ļ ۵ôô˵أ˳ȵĻŮѾ߰˻ˣ
Ŷ˻ȹҵЩȤˣļŰνɿźܰ꺭ʵ
Ҳ֪˵û˵Ǹճһţܰ꺭Ϊھ̫幬ʵ֪׵飡
һ;˻ͺ±緢һ֪  ο׳ڴ׽磬׽ʱҲǱȽϵĳ
ͣ  ĭûסЦ˳һճţŵͦʺԼŮŵģΪۣ  ʵ̫һЩֲԼŮ̫ڿŵˣ
⹫Цʲôܰ꺭ŰĭЩ˵ȻǸճţ˼ҿɱɽǿأ
ǺǣɽٲҲǸһţһոճҪɽɱȵ̣꺭㻹̫ǳ⹫Ҫʶʶ⵽ʲôţȻôܺǼ꺭
ĭźνɵ˿˿еЦǲزסġ
̫ϳϣǼǾ̫幬
±Űĭ˵Ŀ̫幬ҲǾЩǿŰĭ
PSɢ֣Ԥ㵽8㻹һ10¡ûд屬ֻܹʱˣŵıʳԣλ԰ꡭ




1043𾪵İĭͺν
 

̫幬
ź±˵⼸֣ԭ˵Цһ  ղ˵ɶǼɶţ
ĭֱһԼλŲץס˺±ʵ
±ŵöһµš̫幬̫ϳϣôˣ
ĭĶȷŵ˺±û뵽̫ϾȻ˵ļ  һԵĺνҲʿˮ͡ǸնɱﳽͰ׵Ǹ̫幬
ѽ˵ʲôʲôﳽʲô׵壿û
ܰ꺭֪Լĸ׵˵ʲô  ﳽ׵壿  ˭ѹҲûһʱǳȻǸף˾̫幬  ѹҲ֪Ψһ뷨ǿ̿ϣܹյİԼʵ
˶¶ҲܹһԼౡ֮ɣ  û뵽һ˵̫幬Լ⹫Լĸ׾Ȼôļ  ǰѺܰ꺭һ  νü꺭㲻֪̫幬˿նɱҽȵ̫ϳﳽͰ׵尡
ҡһ治֪
ܰ꺭ЩεĿ˿Լĸףҽжţһŷǳǿ
û˵̫幬˳ʲôϵ
±ҲһͷˮĿŰĭͺνɵ̫ϳϡˣ˵ĲͬһŰɣҲû˵鰡
Ѳ绹̫幬ɣǵʲô֣νɵΪڴĿźܰ꺭
ܰ꺭Լĸ׵
Ȼνһ󼤶Űĭ̩ɽˣ꺭ĻǡǿɽɻоȰ
ȷһ°ɣûһˣĭ㿴źܰ꺭ʵ
鳤ϰȻа鳤ϳĸСһ֪ʵΣܰ꺭΢΢һЦ
ǾͶˣ
ĭҲһ󼤶˵Ҳû뵽ܰ꺭һ˳ȥȻջ  ģ˵ʲôˣνһץסԼŮʵ
ܰһֵ˵㡭
νЩ˼˵ˣ¹ɽɵһʱЩļˣ꺭߸ס
ҵʱñ̫ڵĳ׷ɱնɱ̫ڵҲ͸ˡٺʹҸʦֽ˾̫幬ܰ꺭򵥵İ˵һ¡
أνһڴʵ
˵ҵ֮˵ȶ¶ʱɽɣ˵ѾǾ̫幬ĵˣҵĻ»ֲһһڵҹģӦѾˡ
ܰ꺭Ҳǲ²ѣһлûκεݣ  νʵڵҲô֪һлҪȴϢ
ɽɹرţ˻ڴ
ϢҲǷǳıȻܹõϢϢҪһӣ
ϾҪ̫ڵĲҲһ׵飡
̩ɽˣ̫幬İǵĻ黹лתذϾ̫幬ȵ𡭡νһȣϣô˰
ĭ㿴źν̾һҲпԶﴫﳽͰ׵嵽ǲ̫幬նɱڻǸδ֪ϣǱûϣĺð
״ˣģʱ򣬻֪ˡܰ꺭Ǽʶ׵ǿģƺѾܹǿŹˡ
±Ҳǵͷ˵ĻŵģҸ꺭ѾһεˣһҲĸԸ
һҲֻеȵ¶ܹ֪˰ɽо̫幬Ļ̫ҪĿҲô׾ٵ飡ߣǾǰѶ͸ˣҲԲĹεš
ĭҲһߣȻ̫ѾǴŭ  ܰ꺭⹫ѾһˣһϣҲܹ˰ɽɵҵܹܲǵаɣҲվԲܹڵ
Ѿͷ˵һһ׵ģҲ֪̫幬ǲǸµŰ̫ڿɲһſԱģһ㣡νҲ̾һȻЩϣϣվЩã  ڳˡ
һ𣬺νһڳϻҲ¶ϲɫ
ڳϾɳȥϢ˰




1044ڳϵϢ
 

ޣ
ɽִϣ˵ǳ̫ϳϺµĵһˣ
ٶȼһκνҲǽϢν
޿˵ǺνɵĸˣɽѾǵڹϣôܹأ  ֪ԼϢһãȴ֪ܱʲôûеǿ
¶Ǿɽ˵ʱѾɽͬˣ
ڳϡ
νһ޵ӰҲǹеǰʵ
޿źνҲǳ̫ϳϡˣľ̫˰̫ҲǷһ£
ô£ѲʲôϢɣνΪڴʵ
Ҳ֪ǲǺϢݳл͵֮λ̫ڵ̫ϳŸĨˣһʯƾϢ  ݳл͵ߣˣν𾪵ʵ
޳ǧȷ˵ΪŶԵʣּͬʱΧɱݳлֻͣ˸ˣ
̫ڵ˾ȵģνƺƶʵ
Ҳ̫ڿݳվûгһξȴˣɽ˵һجİ
ƺ˵࣬˵Щܲס
˭νļʵ
Ҳ֪ʱܹˣ̫幬ףȻˣһ̫ں;̫幬żϵ
ⲻܣνҡҡͷ
ϣǰɣǾ̫幬ʵ̫ˣܹվɽһ߾ͺˣһնɱλ龳ĸ֣̾Ϊֹ
֮ǰնɱֵΣЩľս  Ⱳӣûпκһɱ龳翳вһôף
ףµӡڻԵİ  ˾ݳлͣô°ܰ꺭Ҳһơ
һԵĺ±ʦãղûڳ˵ݳлѾ˳̫ڣҿҪΪðɣ
С㣿˵ʲôʲôˣһܰ꺭ĻҲЩĿ˿ܰ꺭ʵ
ܰ꺭΢΢һЦڳϣҸʦڿǾ̫幬ˣȻǵˣʲôֵ𣿡
⡭ļٵİʿˮ
ܰ꺭΢΢һЦȻˣһ˵ҪҶԸ̫ءû뵽˹Ȼˣ
һĭһڶ±ҲΪݵ˵
סˣڶоԼһ㣡  ҪɽɣĻɽɵΣٽһˣ
ֻʵ˼ƾʲôΪһССɽȥԿ̫ڣ  Ҳ̫ʵɣΪǲϳ飡  λЩ㶺ˣӦò˴۾ɣ  һԵİĭ㿴΢΢һ̾һնɱλ龳ǿߣȻ鴫ɽо˰
νҲǳĺһĻ̫ڲôˣǲ֪װǵʲô̶˰
޿˵̫ϳϡˣղŴС˵ĶģǹǵģĻɽɻо˰
ǧȷ꺭һλ˵Ǿ̫幬ͻģǶѾɽɣҿʮа˾ˡ
νɾôһ֮ӦҲˡ
ܰ꺭Цŵİɣ˵Ļһʵֵģˣ˵ˣ˼һǿߣҲڸʵ˿Цɣ
˵Ҳǣ
ĭƺҲͨˣ¶һ˿Цݣ  ûϣڿϣȻʹ࣬ȴ̹Ȼ˺ܶ࣡  Ҳһλ龳ǿ߲ǣʱٲҲܹһЩæɣ  ޼һ˵̫幬ľУ¶Ὣڵ֮óˣʱҲһĻս
ˣ
ĭ΢΢ĳ鴤ڵ֮еǶôܹȡɥĲ񡯵  ̩ɽˣѾǵĿƷΧ֮ڣһֻеȶ¶ܹˣֻĵĵȺˣ
νɳˣһлûг֮ǰ˵ʲôǿջ  ̫幬İæҲһͷĳŵѣʱ˼һƲԽŵĨͣȴûֿԣ
ʱһһţսǰƺ쳣Ŀ£




1045´Ļ
 

¶̧ͷ  Ӷ˵һƵա
̫ѡһɽʵҲѡһӣ־ļأ֮ѩӦڽĶ³˳죡  ԣѡڶ¶ӣʵϾΪ˲ݾߣ  ǹɽɣʱŷӦҲѾˡ
̫ڳıǧ꣬ڵһ̣  ˵ǿ϶ƭ˵ģ  ˿̣ɽǰĿյ֮ϣѾΧ˿ֵˣ
ʢ˭Ҫһأ
ԺȥҲǿԴţһʱ  ССźͼ壬Χ֮˿֮ڣҪУҲǲܵ飡  ӭ˶¶֪̫ںɽɵܲܲʲô𻨳أ
ߣ̫ھۼ˴ĸˣĿĲôĵɣ
Ҳɽɲ̫ڵĸţ־֮ҪӭȢνɵŮǾȻҾܾⲻ𣿡
ǰкϷˣɽɵɽŽգȥҪĵ׵Ľడ
һŮԱȫţάһŮȴҪŵĴۣҲ֪ôġ
ΧܶǱŽҪ飡  Ŀ
˿̣ɽڵǰ־һɫۣͷɫڣȻȺ룡  ϸоһ緢ԭΪԼֻܹݳлͶɧ  û뵽ݳлˣȻԼŸһѣ  ֱӰ֮λ͸Լ־ôܲأ  νɣ
־ʨһ㣬Ÿо˿վ룬ƺϵٹ⣡
ĹƺѾһɶ˰ɣ
ݣ  һӰɽɵ˳ν֪Լĵͷڹ꣬ǻ֪Ҫ־أ
׼ң֮ǰ֮֮ǰŮܰ꺭ףǶ׵˵ܰ꺭룡ԽǽӶ˶¶һӦý˰ɣ
־ܰ꺭һֱ̫׷ɱز  ֻǲ֪ǣܰ꺭ڻ£ɽɣ
ױԸ飬ĪҪ˳ײɣ˵ˣҺνƺҲûдӦ̫һҪŮ޸Ӱɣ
ν˵һҲҲ֪ʲôվĵ
Ǵڻˣߣɽɣ̫ںεأ־Ȼŭһ˲佫  սһ  ȺѾʼɧ˶ղ̫ڴ˴δᣬԲҪôļ򵥡
СŮΪ䲻֮νɳ
νɣһ䣬ܰ꺭Ǽ޻ǲޡ־ʵ
˵ˣСŮΪ䲻νɵҲ͸һɸǿ֮ɫ
⼸Ҳбܼ尾
Ȼ֪˾̫幬пܰԼŶɹѹء
ϾҲǲ׵飬һ̫幬æĻǵʱɽɾûκε̡
ڣҲǳ飡
úúãõúݣɽ˲̫ڵӣǿɾ͹ֲ̫ڷˡ
־쳤Хû뵽ɽɾȻ˵Ӳ
һߣ
óһɫĶңͷϡ
һԵĳһֱվ׵ԱߣóɫĶңҲЦŵ˵ʦ֣ﰡǣôҲû˻ע⵽ģøŸʲô
ϰˣ׿ųҲЦЦ
һԵĳѵһѧ֮ǰ˼ɣ㻹˵ôֵĸо
ݳлͿ˿һԵĳʵλǣ
֮ǰҸ˵ľʦ֣ҪĻҿܶЩɱȥ̫ˣ
쿴ݳл͵ȻЩڻġ
ݳлεЦЦλСֵܣл㵱ճȰ
׿˿ݳл㲻ҲҾ̫幬𣿡
˵ҲǣǱĪⰡԭһŴ̫ڶȡɽɣû뵽ȻҪ̫ھѣǡ
ݳлƺûд׵ĿһЩ˼
Ů˵˼ǳУһԵĳѿ׳Сʲôʱּ˾̫幬ˣڿɻûͬأ
̫ǿбƻ飬ҲҪ֮֮׿һԵ΢΢һЦ
֮֮һĲ죡
ѿƵ˵СӸʲôϽ죡
Ҳ׵ʦֱ˵ˣҪλǰûкùӳ԰
֪ڵˮϿǴֹУҾ̫幬ϣԺ̫ڽΪ׼ң֪ΰ
һ˵ĶУ˶𾪵ĳǸķ˹ȥ




1046
 

ɽǰ  ȥôﶼ̫幬أ̫һ㣡
ǰֱžžĴ̫ڵ
һˣ̫幬ҪΪа
֮ǰ˶˳ڣֵ̫ڣһĻ·ûˣ
һ½ţ˵ᣬᵽʢԵ϶֪ʲôһɽһɽߣ
ԭ˵ĿⶼǱ־ͺνɵĳͻˣû뵽ʱȻ۶ӣ  ˼̫ǹױƻģ̫幬ȻҲˣ
׵Ķǿ̫ڵ̫ϳϰ찡
̫幬ߣ  ѾǷ˳ȥһԵĳקûקס
Щ۵ף㡭˰㡭
һǣ֪ͲӦôλǰǶԲǹܽ޷
ѿ׳ȥ֮ҲһֱĽడ  һﾹȻҼð̫幬壬̫ڸ̫幬֮ս
ʵóѷŭѣ  һԵ˿΢΢һЦĻ̫幬˼
ɶ⣿ѵɴ۾˿г˲ŵʵ
㿪ʲôЦôܹ̫幬أλǰȾɣʵôͣ˼һָͷܹŪˡ
ףд˵֮ɫ
ݳлһʼЩɻ󣬿ɵĻ֮Ȼˡ
ף  ⲻǾ̫幬֮ǰҲһΪһֻͬͬնѣ
ڿһӦþˣ  ֲûѺһֱ˵İȫ˹˰
ݳлͿ΢΢һЦҺÿడû뵽ǰȴӶ
㡭˵ʲô֡Ǹʵһһ͵ĿԼϵŵ˵ˡ
һԵĳҲʿˮлͣ㡭ɱҰôأôᣬҡʵ͡
ԼʵˣղҲ˵˵Ļʹž̫幬Ļǡֽףҿɲ˵ɺϣһڵСӣô˴ݵվڶֵĸǰأʵӦ뵽ˡ
ݳлԹԵ˵һֱҪһףһֱûлᡣ
û뵽⼸һֱԼѾͷתתȥСӣȻǾ̫幬ֱû
΢΢һЦϲ¶ˣ
ۣ
ݳлͱ仰ŪĲˮˣȻʱпտЦ  ֲãֲá
ϸĻ֮ǰ֣ʵ׻ŲСġ
ֻĵһӡһﻳвɸ˵Ŀģôɺϵأ  ȸֶ˵Ŀ
ˣΪʲôҪԼŮ˼ΪԼŮĸ࣬ܲ  һͨͨ׵е鶼ͨˣ
ҲΪʲôݳлͺԼգ˻ἰʱĳ֡
ϾһССţôܴأʵ΢ţһĳŶÿһۣ  ˼鳤ϻʯԴһӦöǿϵģ  ͣ׵ӰþòƽϢ  ԭһֱΪ׺Լ࣬øҲر̸׵֮
֮࣬Ȼһ˿ʧĸо
Ϊһ֪׵ݣԺ¾ͲǰǸˣ
һ뵽֮ǰԼ׻ЩߺʱԼɫҲһķȡ
һԿ˵ˣǻǿʦװɣٺ٣ʦˮףܳأ
ⲻܣݳлҡҡͷ
˵ôƶɲһ°Ҫ֪Щ鲻ҵġҲ֪еǰóȻ½ۣĿԼ΢΢һЦ
ݳлͿֳϣţûκεĿԣȻδޣƣ̫ڻͬͷҪ𣿳ˮϵһõ龳ڵĸ֣붼òܰ
鿴ݳл΢΢һЦҪȻǶһģҪʦָˮô죿
ˣҡԺֳϰǰ󣬾ԹԣݳлΪԼԿˣⲻ֪Ӧˣ׬ˡ
鿴ݳлͺٺһЦСն˰




1047
 

̫Ǳߣ  ˿̣־治Զˮɫ৵һ¾ͺôҲû뵽龹ȻԼǣ  Ҫ֪Ȼδޣһ˭ҴŭĻ룿
ëƵɫһڣˮʦã̫幬ǵӲСȻ̫ڵ̫ϳϿ̣
ǰϸոջعţҿӦݳлǸһй¶ȥġһ̫ϳϵ
Ƴϣݳлվھ̫幬Ӫ֮УǵܿҲѾй¶˰ˮԱߣһλ̫ϳϵ
ëƵɫ˼㣬ԭݳлһֱ̫֮ˣȻܳ棬֪Ļǽҷնɱһﲻɣ
ˮλϣǻǿ̫幬ˣʲôϷɣ
ˮʵһֱڴܹǸϷˣԼļһ
ֻôȴûҵ˾Ȼڴ˵ϷԼȻһǲǾ֮ǰǸһ  ǵĻӦô죿  ʵϣˮ֪һѾˣȻôĵݣ  Զ
־ͻȻֵĺɫ֮ˣҲŵ˰벽  һһӣһˣǰſڣն󶫷̫ϳ֮ˣС
ûв´ĻӦþǾ̫幬ף
ºˣ̫ϳϣǲǻˣ־Ȼ֪˭ûȷ֮ǰСʵ
̫幬ף׵󣬿һӾըˣ
꣬ԭװºÿˣ
ˮϵĴŮòҲǾΪ˰
ǰҵʵ΢ʵǿĻ˵Ҳȥˣ
ջˮţ棬̫ڸɽףֱӸ̫ˣⴿǵ˰ɣ
µһɫ죬ǿһվɽһߵʱ֪¾̫幬̫Ǹˣ  ߣʲô˼ѲҪ̫ھô־˵ĵƺЩ㣬ȫû˸ղŵƣ  ѣǺǣҾ̫幬ʲôʱ̫ʲôԨԴ𣿺ûаɣһǿˮϣ֪ǷͬⱾװ
΢΢һЦ־͸һ˿â
־Щ˵ĪҪҵȿЦ£ݹ̫ڷ飡
ߣֻݹٷŻյƣ̫Ҳ̫ԵһЩɣǲǸܰ꺭ôҸˮӦҲһɣ
׿־ʲõ˵˿ڱ˿ǰʮ㣡  ܰ꺭ɽɵӣ̫幬ȳܲİ־Щ˵
ǲ˼ܰ꺭ǱڵӣǿñڵӼ޸ѧӣʹڵ˼𣿡Цһ
ʲôܰ꺭ʲôʱ̫幬ĵˣ־ҲǾȵĿ˿ףƺţ  νһԿ˿ף΢΢ҾĳݼСŮھ̫幬ͷذĳʤм
ҿɲΪ˰ɽɣֻҾ̫幬ˣ˭Ҫ۸ܹ۸ġ
׸ֶ޷Զľ߸ֵϢ  Ǿû̸ˣ־ף͸һ˿䣬û뵽ʱȻŸҳ̫ڡ
ҲԸ⿴һţ̫幬Ī⣬֪˵ʲô
˵ˣֻҪˮϴӦҵףҵǿԿúܰ꺭¼̫ڣ΢΢һЦ
¼ޣ  ־ŷζըˣһﾹȻ˵ܰ꺭޸Լ¼ޣ
Ҫ֪ڿ̫ڵܰ꺭Ǿ̫幬ĵأ
񣡣
ëƻĴ˳ĿԣѾײһĻ𻨣
׿˿ëЦһǺˣ
ëƣ̫̫ϳϣߣ˵Ű裬ĪΪ̫ˣŲű̫
ëһ̤ѾǴﵽ˶㡣
һ˿¶ܲסǿѹȣ˭ëνʶѹ
ë΢΢üû뵽׾Ȼ˿δ  ѹҲëƣˮٺһЦţ˵ǻټģļƺզΰҿǴʮĳŶ
ݣ
˲䣬׵ĸǰһƷӳ£߲ʰ쵣Եøҫۣ  Ʒ
ëƵ¶һ˿̰̫λһ̫ϳϣõҲƷ
û뵽СӾȻóһƷ  ˿ڿˮԭ֮£Ȼһ˿ҵɫ
ףǸӵɫ




1048㣬ҵĶ֣
 

Ϥ  ׺һŵʱˮԭһ̳׵Ļˣ  û뵽һﾹȻһ  һϵľ̫幬ֲǸһ븥ɭ֮һ㣡  ֮ǰ̫Ͼ¥նɱλ龳ֵʱһľѾ൱𺳣
񿴵һﾹȻ֮ǰϷԼļһĳ׵ˣ
󵨿ͽɣ
ëƵȻһ˿̰ʱ֪ʲôҪģ  䣡
ڵλ˲䱬˿龳ڵǿߣǳֵٶȼֱĿ࣡  ֻٿڵλãӰѾʧ
ת˲֮䣡
һΪҵϢëƵǰһɻصƷҪػΪһ㣡  ԣȥ  ׿ɲǸԿˣëƺȻ䶯֣ȻҲǺη壡
һ־ǿɱУ  նʽ𣡣
ǿĽ𣬺ҪëƵǰն  濪ʼϵıԭɽǰȻһ׿ѷ죬ӲĽһأһΪ

ëһ˿ѾǶһƷɽ
˳ǿĽҲϣǰͬӿֳһĨȻ֮ɫ  ¡¡
ײײһ㣬޴˲ƷΧһУ
ǸڸֻЩСϺǿ¶пܱǿĽ  ǿû뵽ȻԸ̫ڵƳӲ
ҵѽʲôʱôţ氡ˣ
⡭Ȼӵնɱڸֵʵһֱּʯ쾪
֮ǰ߷һأڿһҲﲻ𰡣
֮˵жӿֳһĨ˵ɫҲû뵽׾Ȼǿ˵ĵز
һ֮赲̫ڽɽɵĲ
׿ë΢΢Цһ㣬ҵĶ֣
ף  ë˵ֱǻԵ谡һδɵСӾȻ˵ԼĶ֡
һغϣһﾹȻ˵ĿԼ
ô˵ԼôҲһλ龳ڵǿߣһǲ̫һЩ  ̫Ͼ̫·
ëŭĿԲ˿ΧƣռΪ֮һ
һ˲䣬Χеһգ  һΪֲѹѾϯɽĹ㳡֮ϣ
ɵĽγһУϵĿʼţ  ̫·̫Ͼоǿ֮һ
ëƴ˿Ѿǳ׵ı׸ѪԣѾкܶûгˡ
û뵽һ־һΪѲĶ֣һƣ
ݣ
һ·ëƵָһ㣬׵ķѹ˹ȥ  ׵ĸǰɽγһ״Ĺ
΢΢һëƣĨһ˿䣬һﻹǲа
նʽڶʽ
һȣΪģ˲һֿľ괺ĸо  ԭ֮ɫΪ֮һ䣬ǻɵɫ˲ЩⰻȻ
һһ  ʧ˿У·Լ廯һëƵķֱȥ  ֮ݲ  һɽγɵǶ̫ڵЩϣ֮ƺһĵ֮ɫ  ǿʵ̫ǿˣ  飡  ײϵĳëʹ̫·˿ԭһ̫·ѾǱԽԽƺȥЩĸо  ಣ
׻ǵȴƺԽԽǿëƵķ򲻶ϵĳȥۿżҪӴëƵһɲǣ  ֨
еһȻֹ
ʱ̺Ȼ֣˿濴ȥЩ״
ëƵ۾ɵĹԲǵھԼ״ͣҲԼĭ  һﵽǶôǿѲһѾ龳ڵǿأ
ʵϣëƲ⣬ױѾǴﵽ龳۷ʵ龳ڵëȻĶ֣
׵ĹѾΪģڼҲǶģҲΪġ
ëƿ϶Ƕˣֻ˲Ϊʲô׻ͻȻͣԵЩ̫ˣ
һ֮ʣȴëƵĸǰֳһӰ
ӰȥΪƺһ̱űľ׵һ
ΪշĻǰλεεˣѾǲˣ
٣Ŵˣʲôָʾ
׸ղһֱڹ۲ˮĶˮһɲǳҲз
Ҳ̫ˣһԼûעĻ»п




1049һԲҰ
 

㡭㵽Ҫʲô̫ڰ£뿪
ˮ˿ףôֱ㶵Ŀף
Ϊ֮ǰ飬ˮ׵ʱѹһɱûС
˵Ǵһ˿İ֮ɫƺʱ顣
׿ˮ΢΢һЦţ̫Ǿ̫幬ףҲȻҲδŴײǣ
㡭쵰
ˮ˻һȫһƬȻ֮Ĵսֱڴΰ  Īˮһȣ  ĻϵҲ̫һЩ
ݳлԭ̫Ȼ˾̫幬ˡ
ˮҪٸһȵĻ̫幬Ҳ̫ˡ
ֱǽڵĿȫ˼ҵĳְ
׿ˮٺһЦŴ˵ϣʲôƳʱԲɱôӦҵҪ󣬷һá
ʦã㲻ҪӦƴ̫ڣҲҪһ֮أ
ëƷŭĺţҲȫΪˮ롣
̫ڶ˰һˮӦĻЦô
׿ëЦһŰ㣬Ѿһ̲Ѫˮʲôʸڱǰߺģ
㣬
ëɫͺ죬ʵԽǵԽ
ϾԼľ֮ףпܳϣ˭Ըʱնɱأ  ʵģǰһʵ̫죬޷Ħ  ƾһˣԼһ䵱Ҫ֪̫幬ɻżλġ
̫ڿǿ󣬿һԼƣ˲ͻᱻĨƽˣ
ʲô㣿Ҹѡ񣬵һǴӦҵ̫ڵ˹ڶǲӦҵԸ˵
ף㻹ǸϽ߰ɣٲ߿Ҫڵģˮ
ëһףԭǾ̫幬ΪУƫƫȴѡ˸ԣǿɾ͹ֲˡ
ǣҵҪ㻹ʲô۶ӡ΢΢һЦ  ëƵмƺҧҧ¶˾ġ
ҲվڿֵĶëƳ
ǣƳˣ
ʼմһ˿Įı飬˿ѾһƬκˣ  Ǹʵ̫ǿˣһԼĶĲԩ  龳ǿ߶ܹնɱˣο龳ڵļ̫ϳأ
ԽǿԽҪĳҪȻʱǾͲܹסˣ
˿̿ëƺȻԼҲǻͷ˿ļˣ  ë΢΢ֵҳϣʶ꣬һⲻ֪ûȤ
⣿ϲľˣ
һθߴ̤ǰһƺһ˿һ㣡  ˱̫ϳ׹ңԵǿߣ  ׵ĿһӾ׹ҵϣ֮ǰʶһһ׹֣ڵҲһĪ˷ܣ
ں̫ô빲벻ѣаħУ̫幬ɱԣλӢ۵棬նɱλ̫ϳϣħʮ㡭
ëƿʼԼ׼ַ̫幬ϭģǱ߿ò
׾ôĿëƵıݣԭΪڿ϶һӡ
û뵽̫ôûйһӾ͸һˣ  ܵΣֻҪսپȡɽɡ
ôë˿
ºܶ˷һ˽Ѿ򲻹˾˵˼ħͷҲ̫һЩɣ
ѲɰЩΧ۵˶ɵ  ֻ̫ںǿɶһλʮ󳬼ţ˵ǺڵȻǺڵģʵӣ  ׹ҿëƺٺһЦ˵û֮ǰſףҵʱڣҶȻѪ岽Ϊ²ַҵȻҲæġ
л֡ëƳ
׹΢΢һЦֺ˿أֻǽЩڵҩʯʲôЩȱǲ֪ܲԮ֡
ëƵ΢΢鴤С˵ôȻģԭߵԼء
Ϊ˶ȡɽɣǻĴ۶ֵõġ
ëƿ׹ҳֻҪְɽɣά̫ڵϣʯʮڡҩţ
Ͼ黹ȫȨɣ׹Ϊ⣡  һһҪҪƷĸо
ѾǶԾ̫幬ɱģëԼǿնħţȻȻŵˡ
˵ħͷ˵ö֮ΪһţȻ岻ݴǡ




1050׹
 

һλ龳ĸ֣  ⶫ֮⣬ʣµλһλ׹ҡ
׹ǿߣҲǶս伶
ˣܶʵʶģ
ֻˮ񿴵׹ҵʱɫѾһƬı䣡
ȻһԼ٣Լô⸥ɭ֮أ
ʦ֡
ˮ׹ңɫǳѿ˸ԼŲĳޡ
һĻôܵأ  ʦãѾëƳ̫幬ȫûκεİ취
ʱһЩôֵõģ  ֻҪõ֮ѩôȥЩʱʲôأ
ˮʦ֣㻹ǵõұʹһΧɱһĳô
ҵȻǵãëƳ
ңˮŭ죬ʵ֮ǰ׹һֱŶңûϳ
һԼͷϵĶңһķŭ  һˮĻɫϣҾǵ׻ӢۣҪﱾڣҳϣҿɲӦ
ˮһһ̫ڵϢҲһ֪ѣûжãʹһλǿߵķΪûκεĹϵ𣿡
ˮ㻹ǻˮߣҵҪ㣬ħͷô£üȥΣͿԾˣʱҧһڣǺüƲ߰
׹ҵϵȻޱȣҲ֪ⶫȫƾһ죬˭˭Ǹûиۣ  ʵϣԼҲû뵽ˮȻܹŻ
Ҳ׹ҹʹһ壬ˮǵڵľ̫ڵˣǸʱսӽβ
׹Ȼ⿴̫ʧһԱˣ
ҡҸ׸ûʲôֻңˮһ֮ŭȵ
Ŷ㰡ô˵ ľˣѲĴŮѾˣ
׹ҵǴһ˿мŮ˸Լ̫һ㣡  ëƿˮɫʦã»Ҫӳ飬ҵҪҪ˾̫幬ɽάϣԺ˵ɡ
ʦ֣Ҫ֣Ҿ룡ˮŭ˵
׿˿ˮţСӳ㣿һҰ㱨𣡡
ˮ׶ŵ㡭ͽӣ
ˮȥӣëƵиһĨ䣬ˮƺѾ̫ˡ
СӵʲôħȻ̫ȵľ  ̫ں֮󣬾̫幬޳ͷ֮ˡ
ˮȥķҲ¶һ˿Ц⣡  ԿóˮЩΪ֮ӦǲԼΪУ  Ů˵ֵĺܣ׿ֻҪ룬ǽʵʩһƻˣ

׳Լʱ׽ܿߣ  ëƿЦһһ̫ϳϣȻħȥ㲻Ҷ㶪ˣ
ëЦһһŮ˲Ż̫ϳϣҪĻһͷײˣ
һҿ㻹ôЦĳ
ëƵޱȣһ̫ڴû뵽Ȼ̫幬ƻˣ
쳣Ĳ  ҼǵôһذɣҪףǱҪսλǰɣ
׿΢΢һЦһιʵΪ飡  ̫ѾǵزҲûбҪڲҴˣֻһû뵽ھȻҲ˽ˡ
һǾ̫幬Ȼ󳬼űˣ
׵ͷˣŽսԹһֱڣҪһţҪôһԶóԼƷףҪôŴһţҾ̫幬ȡڵλʮ󳬼ŵƷףҲֻһĿˡ
ĿëƵϲϵţ˶ǵһ  ֱǲݵľ氡
̫幬Ĵں̫ڶѾˣЩһﾹȻһУ  һŽ֮սκεǲֵġ
ţҲ˰
̫幬һŽ׵ս̫ڲӦĻҲǶ˶Ѽˡ
аǼȻ˵ĻҾ̫幬ǲҲŪŽһ棿׿Цʵ
ֵȫƾ־ӣ
ãëƣھ̫幬 ʽ̫ڷŽսӦս񣿣
׵쳹ɽɣ˿˵ĿⶼǼëƵϡ
¶ԽԽ˰




1051º޵ߵλ
 

ëƾˣ  ־ˣ
̫ڵһ˵ȴ˿쳣ļžû׵Ļһ㣡  Žս
һݵľ氡֮£
źͼ˶УֱǱǴӦĽడ  Ƴϣ⡭Ǻð
־û뵽Լոյ˼ʱ䣬Žս飡
ûһѪ˵ĸǰ
ףô򰡣ëƿףĺ֮⡣
ʦ֣ӦĻ̫澡ʧҪǴӦĻʦ㶼ˣǵʵ¡
һλ̫ϳЩľսĿëƵ
ʵϣһʼĻǻ緢
Ǿ˸ղëƺ׵Ĵս֮Щˡ
һ˼Ϳնɱëƣ̫幬ɲֻһ˰
һλնɱﳽ鳤ϣɻǱ߻ûгء
ëƵɫǺ죬ȻҲ֪һӦʱ̫ڵλŵʸ񶼲ˡ
ӦĻԺ̫ŸǰʲôϿɽأ
Ƴϣһʱƽ˾һհڸ̫幬ŽսǿҲǶˣڣȰǵ¸ˣ
һλ̫ϳ
־̵ͷƳϣҲӦˣɽڲûհ
ǡ
ëƵ֮ѾϿֻ֪ʲôͷ
־ëƣһƳϵ˼־Ƴϣͷ˵ɣϾ̫ڵ
ë΢΢һ̾Ҳֻˣ
˵Ŀⶼ˴̫Ⱥ߳ĵ־˽Ϊ־϶ǻӦ׵
ֻ־һڣ˵°Ͷһأ  ̫幬ŷŽսԭھͿԴӦаħ˵ö֮ټ̫ڽΪɽɵҪ̫ڵǵĻǵǽܹųȥ˵ɣ
־˻һѾһƬȻ  һԵ׹ҺͶҲǵɴ۾ôҲû뵽̫ھȻˡ
һ̫幬ǾȻľˣ
̫ڻҪô򲻹˵˼аҲˣ˼ҷŽսǾȻӦս
̫Ƕ˶ѼˣӦǸղ̫ڵƳϱƵ˰ɣ
̫幬Ͱ͸ҷⲻݵŽս
ǰԭΪĳأû뵽̫ˡԺ̫ڿҲûȺˣ
һƬ˽ëƵ˵ıоһķ飡  Ѳɲ֪ôд
ֻëƵûκεİ취
̫幬Ǳߣ  ݳлͿ̫˵ĶˣҲ¶һ˿Ц⣡  ղҲ־ûйĻݳл;ãԼĻܴ裡  һԸ񣬾ŵʣ  ־һ̰ȨˣȴһܹȺ׵ĺ  ׿־Ǻ޳ܵģ΢΢Цһ˵̫ܲҪˣǺųǿ𣿾Ȼλʮ󳬼ŵŽսҽӣ
־Цһףڣҿ⵽ʱ
ȺŹ׿־ӣҲ÷ϻһǸ
ȿȡ
׹Ҵ˳ʵ׹ǷǳŵһˣʵҲǲС  ׹ʵѾǴﵽ龳ڵ۷壬ֻһͿԳɾ龳ڵľ磡
һ龳ڣڿɾӵλ龳ڵĸˣ  ëȻҲ龳ڣ׹ȴ֮
׹ҿ׵۵ĳƺţǿٶȸױȣ
׹Լã龳ڣѾ޵ˡ
ղëƵʧܣҲǿУ  ԼԽס׵һУ˿ȺŹһǵѡ
ʵϣ磬νĵȺŹЧһġ
ĸֿ϶Ҳ϶ЦȺ۵Ǹ  ֣ǡ
ëƿ׹˳Ҳһ̫Ѿɥʧ˴룡
׹ܹһףǱȻʿ  ȺŹƺԵЩˡλʵȺҲ̫ͣ幬ĸаɣ
׹Ҵ˿ϵ绷ƣ֮еԪڱϵĵţΪֲ




1052׹
 

׹ҾȻһ  Լû뵽˿վǱһôŶˣ  ׺Ȼ䲻ˣں̫ڵҲֻеˡ
׹Ҫ˼Ҵ˼δػⰡ
һûκεôģ˫ͬа  ƺЩһ㣬ʵϣ˭Ҳ֪Ǹ滹ʲôء
ףһ涼Ƿҵص㰡ڼݣаٷ֮ٵİܹռ壡ʣҲû˭˰
˿̿׹ңҲһȰ
һô꣬лʵˣֻҪܹռһֵĵ  ٺһЦ棬Ҫݵİ⵽ʱӦʱ䶼ʡȥˣⴿʲϢ֪Ƿͻɽһ¥
飬СӼ԰һ챾ܹǵʱ
ҲһĲȻʵ˺ܶ࣬ǹ˵ʷǳĲ
Ҫ֪ȻӽʣҲȫʣ  񿴵׹ЩӵдԵʣдһ˿˿Ľʰ
һɵۼǿ߼һ˶㲻ϵ龳СǹŽ̸ˣ
׳һӦ̣ɣ飬һսͽɡ
û⣡ٺ٣ʱҾԲκ˿Ұһ°ˡ΢΢һЦЩ֮ˣֶλǲġ
ѶȾҪ˵棬׹Ҹ
һûôϵֻнһʱܹѰ
ٺ٣棬һо͵ÿһˣϾǵҲ岻ְʼ
鿴棬㲻ҶŲɣ
ҶɽٵʱҲûôŹȻ֪ǻǽš
澹Ȼ˵Щˣ⻹ͷһⰡ
ˣ¾ôˣڿʼݴһƻǰɣ
׿Ҳ΢΢һЦ˵ûκεѹ
⣡
׹ҿһֱôԼһ˵ҲһķŭףСӿʲôҲӦս
ʱֵ׹ˣΪĿ˿ף  ׻ع׹΢΢һЦղֻ뿴˭ʶѡ
˭Ҳһ˳ɣûôй棡׹ҿײм˵
飡ƺЩΪѣʵѾ׼  ׿ʦܣ׹Ҿͽ㣬飡
׹ҿ飬΢΢üһնɱﳽҲ֪ġ
ɾնɱﳽأﳽǲܱȵģ
ߣ˭ɱ˭һء
׹ҵһ׹ƣƺһɫ磡  ûκεף
ǿһѾǳˣ
׹ն
׹ûκεԥƺûκεһնһķѾǳķֱ˶
ƣ
һȣһƣĻԲ  ĸǰƺһε֮ǽ׹ҵĹ棡  䣡  Ϊһֹʱû뵽׹ҾȻֱһ
ͷ֮ϣһɫ׵˲们䣬·һ㣬־壡
ȻԵԪأȻⴿԺţư
Ҳòˣ˵еĴ棬ӦΪѲġ
ҲΪʲôִҪ׽ոһҪԭ
Ҫ֪׼ɽ磬Ϊرһڰ
飬ҪֱӴһȥǰ֮С׿˿飬ĬĬĽš
΢΢ͷ׹ҵɫ׵粻ϵ׷ԼҲʼͷܡ  ׹һԼռƣҲǺ죡  һΪʲô֣ߣԹȻǺ˰ҵҪܵʲôطȥ٣׹Ҷϵˣûһܹӵأ
׹Ŀ͸һ˿˿ĵ⣬ŭһƺҪ˶һ㣡
׹׷ëҲһ£һ  ֻҪһʱ̫幬Ǳɽ  Զ׹׷飬ëƵ΢΢һЦҲֻܹ۸۸龳ڵˣƳϰЩĪ˲ˣ
ĳ  Ҳ¶һ˿֮ɫ̫ڲţ׳һͽ⣬ܿҪնɱ̫幬ˣ̫ڵأ
ë¶֮ɫȴĨһ˿ߣ̫ȡǱ֮ѩںÿģ
˿̣׹Һ鼸ͬʱʧɽǰɽһƬ֮С
PSβ챬˽




1053׵
 

ɽǰһɽɽȲû֣
˿ɽ֮Уȴһ춯صĴ֮
׹Ҵ˿ɱȻҲʲôˣ  ֪Ψһİ취նɱ֮ˣظղ̫ڵơ
̫幬Ӫ֮У
ˣ鳤
Ҳһǵ˵ͬʱ˶һǣ
ˣ鳤ϿЩмܣǿɲܾôŰݳлҲǳ
֪ԼȻף̫ڱһľ棡  ݳлҲֻվԼĽǶˡ
ڶ̫ڣǲȡ
֮ǰݳлſڲһ㱻նɱ̫ڵ˳˿֣ȴûһվΪԼ˵乫  ٵȵȿ
ˮдһ˿֮ɫ
ˣôȥ鳤Ͽ¡ԲһԽĿף̫ں˲Ҫֺ֣αظأ
̾һҪ鳤ģ׹Ҫնɱ飬Ҳ£
ëƵһֱעߵĶ򣬿׸ղŻޣȴ綷ܵĹһ㣬Ҳһ˷ܣ
ȥǺܺ
ëƵ¶һ˿Цݣƺͼһظղʧȥӡ
ʵ֮ǰҲЩǣ׹ҲĶ֡
Ļô̫ڿ¶ˣ
ڵ׹ҲϵռϷ磬Ѿǳ׵ĸıˣ
̫ںڵ˸ϲüң
ߣëƣ㻹ܲҪˣ̫ھ˵ĲҪû뵽ȻôĲҪ
ԲʱҲ̲סˣֱ˦Լͷ֮ϵĶңëһŭȣ
Ȼ㣡ԸȻţ
ëһԲʱҲһû򰢶ԲȻûҼ˾̫幬Ӫ  ҿղûдӦŪʲôŽս̫ڵʵ¸̫幬Ķˣ  ԲӰһڵĶҲ΢΢ü̫幬ʲô·Բ˺ܶ𣿡
㶼ûôأëưëƣʵû뵽㾹Ȼ˵ı޳ܣڶţȻһССŽս£Ƕ˶ˣ
Բ˿ҲֻܹйԼеŭоһı
ǾȹˣȻǸм㣡
ദһʱ֮ľһǳˡ
龹ȻҪⶾ֣ܹܣ  Բҿ㻹ԼĵİɣͶĻ㻹һ
ëƿԲЦһ
ޣȻɫҲ֮ΪԲм˵
һԿǱߴ̣ĵһֳƿ죡
ʵҲϣԲëǼĳȥ
ԲëƵ˼˵עøṩһܺõĻᣡ
׹ѾǱ׵סˣ  ׹ôҲû뵽ղŻͷܵ飬ڽɽ֮ӴһӺȻͣ  Զɽ֮У
ղŵġֻӴܡʵڲһ󷨣һΪװ
ȻǼװģҪסĿɲʲôˣ׹Ҳһ龳ڵ߶ѣ
Ҫ֪ߺ֮Ĳ࣬԰ٱģ
һ֮ȴ֮
ٺ٣ڲˣܰ
׹Ҹһôʱ䣬ͣҲ¶һ˿Ц  ҿǺװһģܣҿ᲻ܣ
鿴׹¶һ˿Ц
Ǳ㳢ҵĿұ죬ױ֮ŭ
׹ŭһһץԭЩۼԪظովۼܿȴɢ˿У
ױð׵أ㻹ױ鲻м˵
׹ɫһ䣬û뵽ԪؾȻԼĿˣҪ֪֮ǰһֱûз
ɾʱȴԾȻֳһӰ  ʲôȻǻ֮飬û뵽㾹Ȼаħ׹ŭһ
׹һ䣬  һֲѹҪռһ㣬˿ٿ׹ңѾĿɿڴĿǰõӰ
áǿ֮
ǵֲѹ׹ҸܵһϢĿ־壬ɴ۾ǵӰг˾֮ɫ  ׹ȹĳټǿֲϢһٵĸоûκεֿ˼  ɵۼǿߵѹ½һҲ׹ܹܵġ
ʵҲ֪Ҫ׹ҾҪķѺܳһʱ䣡  ϾֲնɱҪʧأлᣬʵ̫̫ˣ
ֻܹһЩĲõİ취˵ţ  Ч൱Ĳ ûмȳ׹ңȻ裡  ׹ôҲû뵽һõ龳ڵǿߣһ˲侹ȿֲѹŵʧˣ  Ȼһ˲䣬Ѿ㹻ˣ  ʱ򣡣ڡ
Ȼ䣬һȣѾǻһƹʧ׹ҵǰ




1054³ɹ
 

ڣ
׹ԼҲû뵽ԼһʧأȻ׵Ҫˣ
ԭǿޱȣȻڽһƲл꣡  ɼһƲл꣬Ƕһ˵Ҳ൱ǿġ
ǿֲѹ˸оһľ  Ϊ׵ʶҲ쳣ĿֲĻǸʱ׵ͱռˡ

׹ҸоԼԴ˵һը죬˿ƺһʹ࣡
һ˺
׹ҵڱһţ  Ϊȴ߻ãٶȱжôĿˡ
鿴˿׹ҺٺһЦ׹ңģΪһΰĴУᵮһλδǿߣ
鿴һĿ׹ҵ壬ҲЦһ
Ҫ
׹Ҵ˿̷֣Լ˼άһһεɢȥԭ쳣׽ʧ
ʹൽŤı˿ҲǽĻָɫ
һεĻ˰
˷ܡܣ  ɹԪλ  ˿̵׹ұгŸָӵƺҪȫ³
ϲػٺ٣һﻹûгɣҪǾϴ֮ĻҪǿǧҪռôõºѰ
鵹Ľ죬ʵʵԽǿ󣬶Ժȥɽ練Խа
Ц˼ԺҾͽ׹ˣȻ壬ҲöԵ˰
棬ͿԼˣڵóȥһϷ鿴Цŵ
ϷȻ֪Ҳãסڽ׹ңɱ𺰴˰
û⣬ԺҾͽ׳Ͼˣ΢΢һЦ
֮Ҳǻ̤Уɽڵķ˹ȥ
ɽǰ
̫幬Ӫ˼һǵĿɽ֮У
˿ɽ֮ƺҲǹƽ˶֪׷ʲô飡  ʤѷ֣
˵뷨ֻ˭ʤ˭ûг֮ǰû֪  ں̫ڵ˼ƶΪ׳Ͼܹʤġ
һֱɹռ׹ҵ֮ɫƺźתһЩ  ˣҪҪȥԲһԳ
ⶼȥʱʱˣɽ֮ҲǹƽӦѾֳʤ
΢΢ҡͷ˭ʤ˭һȻܹһĿȻˣȥкã黹ţڲȥǻţ
ˡ
Բ˻ҪǰѾǰڰ֣Ȼ֪ţһǾ֪ˣֺαԲ˰һأ
˿׹һĴɽ֮˳  ͬʱ߳ʱ򣬼˶סˣ֮ǰǾԲݵľ氡
û뵽ھȻ粢һ𣬶ǳ˵ķ˹ȥ  ˣ⡭ô°׹鳤һ˿ȥѣǵ˰
һǸ׹˵Ц˳Ҳסˡ
ְԲ𿴵ûҲǼ˵
̫幬ǰһǻ裬ûһ˳ǳ׵ˣ  ٿԶ̫ںڵˣҲһ±ƣ  ëЩ㵵Ŀǰ⻬ĳ˿⡭׳ô˼
Ƴϣ˭ȥôһأһΪҳѾأ
Ҳһ±ƵĿǰĳʵûа취顣
׳ϲˣ̫ڰɣëƿŶ
ëЦһǿһĭһڶΪûõ׳ĪѾշ飿
ʲôշ飿ҪĻǶھ̫幬ǻԵĴëһⶫĻҲͷһϲ԰
ЦƳٶȱȷ黹Ҫ찡
ëڨЦ˼˵̫ڵѾȫԼˡ
Լн
һǻ˱֮ѩĻʱ¾г𱨳ԹԹ  ˶ڼ֮ʣ
׹ҼͬʱɽǰĹ㳡֮ϡ
׹ҿ飬ֳֵϣԸķ䣡
Ҿ̫幬Ҫһλְӭ׳ϼҾ̫幬
ҲǿЦ˼ֻǳһ˫ɶѡ
֮ǰɽ֮ڣҲûκ֪м䵽׷ʲô
Ҳֻܹ۰Ͱ͵Ŀˡ
ֻ˻һѾǾ˼ˣ׵ıɵĮ֮⣬ɽǰĹ㳡Ѿըˣ




1055λ䶨
 

ɽɽ֮ǰ  ׹ƺϧ˸оһĶ񺮣
ղ˻һһĳ棬ȴѾģ
ôܹܵأ  ʲôԸķ䰡׹ǿߣȻˣ
㲻ʲôȥ׹ҺʲôľˣҪ̫幬
ﰡ̫幬˲ŵٶһ˱Ȳ˰
ɲզΣҪ׵ȥ˾̫幬Ļӿɾ˰
˵һը˹˵ʲôĶУ
һ件ӭ׹Ҽ̫幬˼°ͣ
˿ɽνɺͺܰ꺭Ѿվڵڴ  ڸոպνɺͰĭѾһľ  һ׹նɱʱ¾̫幬ҲǱɽһ㣡  ĻôɽɿҲΣڵϦˣ
̩ɽˣ⡭ʲôǡ
νɵԭĳʧȡ֮һ˷ܵģ
ĭҲʿˮһΪ鳤Ǳذˣû뵽Ȼ˵ķת
һԵĺܰ꺭ٺһЦ⹫ҿûлɹ鳤ϣ鳤ϿǾ̫幬ĵһ֣
֪м䵽׷ʲôɽ˵һ޴ĺϢĭҲ¶һ˿Цݵ
νɿŰĭ̩ɽˣ첻ɽɰ
ǰһ׹ҳϼ̫幬Ļô̾Ͳһˡ׵۵ſɲǴİ
ĭҲ΢΢һЦ˿̹Ȼ˺ܶ࣡  ܰ꺭Цŵ⹫˵ˣܹȫɽɣһܹȫɽɣ
ܰ꺭׵൱İ  һּҳ  ̫ںڴ
ëƵ˶ĿɿڴĿǰһУ  ׹ҾȻҪ̫幬ôأ  Ҫ֪׹ǿѾ˼ˣôΪһνĶԼͼ̫幬أ  ˵һصĴ
׳ϣ
˰ҲûһȻЩ֪ô˵ȥˣ
ëҲǿ׹ҵҳϣɲҪʱ̫ڿЦ
׹΢΢תͷ˿ëЦһ£Ҫǽ鳤¶Լ˭ͼһӪֻû뵽鳤ϵʵȻ˵ǿԸķ䡭
ʲô׳ǧҪһĵˣǻ
Щˣ׹ҪѱĻǶڵĴ̫ˣ  ЩһѪˮⶫλ̫ϳϣû뵽һλ̫ϳϣλڶ̫ϳ׵׹ң
ʧڶܹܵİ
׹Ҳڵ棬׹˳ڣ̫幬

һƬ֮׹һǳ׵İѵӸˣ
ʱӾ̫幬Ӫ˳׹΢΢һЦӭ׳ϣ׳ϵҾ̫幬λڳϣ
ݼ
׹ϷҲȫ׵̨֣֮Ϸ˸κε
ףƲףкһ㣡  ԭһƬõƣ׹ҵıѣں̫Ѿβѣ
֪һҪ̫幬ԸѾˣ  ԭһƵΣδҪ֣
̫幬еͷĸ󻼣  ̫幬ûó
Ѿǳ׵ĳˣ׹ҵıѣöûκεİȫУ  ڶһ䣬Ų̻죿׿ŶЦһ
һĿĲڣֻҪ̫ڣѾˣ  ףҪ˵ʲôջסˣ
һԵһ˵ߣ
ʲô˼ëһ׼ȥһֳױĸо
̫ıôãû뵽վȻһ֣
ľ̫幬ʵ̫ǿѾû֮Կģ
ڶԱˣ˭׵Ľ룿
֪֮ѩǺõˣȻܲġ
Ʊǿ  ëƳƳϣҷȰһ䣬շ
ƺһΪĻع飬¶ѾǳأΪɢʱȴ䣡  Զһɽ֮ϣ  ׺鼸ͬʱǸط˹ȥ  ţ˹ҳ
ڶ׼뿪֮ʣƶ׵һն˶ΪȹǳŶˡ




1056̫ڵ
 

ɽɽ֮ǰ  ʣµλ̫ϳϸ׼ȥ
ʱλϼͬʱܵһɾ޴ΣУ  ׾ȻһԼķ˹ֱŵöλ̫ϳЩͷƤ飡  ѲҪǸڵ  ĻǽҲ߲ˣ
á
λ̫ϳϺͶһۣǴӶԷѾǿֿ־֮ɫ  䣡
ǵӰƺһֱڶλ̫ϳϵͷ֮ϣ
켣Ȼһ׵Ŀ겢ǣ  Զһɽ˲䱬˿  ˶һƣǺνɺͰĭˣԭΪŶ˵ȥѾǳˡ
ҪףǣȴʱЩ  С޵ʵ൱Ĳܶûпľ֮˰
˶ǻܣΪǸ֪ʲôƮģ  飡
ȳصĽŲŶ˸о  ·ֳܹô󶯾ģǺĸˡ
οƣ˭Ҹ̫幬أ
ƫƫʱͳôһˣ
˵ĿⶼԶɽ崦֮У߳һӵӣ׵ĵһȾ  Ȼǡ
ëԭݣ¶һ˿֮ɫ  һԵˮŴˣҲһ̹µʦ𣡣
ʦˮϵʦ𣿡
̫ڱȻȸ֣ˮϾ˵龳ڵǿߣʦ𡭡
Ѳɴ˱ǵ糬ţ̫ڵľ֣񣡣
̫ҵѽ
һƺˣϷ̨
ҲǸоЩĿϾӣƺǰЩ֣ǲҪǮһĳˣ  ֻķתʵЩ̫죬˸Ͻģ  ֮ǰ׹ѹʱΪ̫ںڵֿ϶ʤȯգ
ɵǿ׹˶Լ˾̫幬֮±ˣ
Ŷ׼ȥëɫƺһѾǳ䶨
ƫƫʱֳϷԵһĻ  ľ֣ʧٶ̫ڵһּ񣬾Ȼˣ
ݳл͵гһ˿ĪĲʿˮ˿˵ˣ
û뵽ȻţǵıܹǡԲҲüͷ˵
ݳл΢΢һ̾ʵһжŲ²⣬û뵽ȻĻţʵӦ龳˰ɣ
ˮڣҾ̫幬Ȼ̤һǱͬ
ݳлĻҲΪ˵˵ļǣα⻼ûʧǸǻǻ㲻
ֻȴдһĵ֮ɫ  龳ں龳ڣȻֻһεĲ࣬ȴǧ
񻺲̫ڵķ˹  ëƵ˶ǹӭݡ
Ĺˣ  ëԭȻ֮ɫһɨգ˿·ҵһ  ԭʧѾǳ׵ʧȡ֮һܵɫ
Լû뵽Ȼţһֱǵ߱ǣ
ѾĹͷǲġ
Щ˰ɣҲ¼ЩȽڡڰֵû뵽ȻŰ㣬һ
ʦˣ커ӣҲеˡˮ
ţžͺãոճأû뵽Ȼͱˣٺ٣һﵹ
˿ף龳ڵʵҲЩ𾪣
Ͼһ￴ȥͼȻʵʵ̾Ϊֹ
ʦ𣬾͡ҡˮɫһ
һЦ֮仹ԨԴ
׿һ˵װ棬ҲЦһߣϻ࣡
һ죬һԵˮֵĿ׵ףҶʦ𲻾
˵ţʦȴǵĵˣҶô𾴸Ѳ̫ڣû˵
ˮЩˣ֪׹Ȼ첻µز£  ԼʦѾǳ׸ıˣ  ΪʲôԼղ˵׾ΪԼʦţʱİ˵ĻҲø飡
û뵽һһ仰Ͱ·ˣˮһһף
ħͷղŵ̫ڣŽսͼ̫ڸŰ
ëƿżɫˣ̲  ں޲ð׵Ƥ׵Ѫ
񿴵ĳ֣֪ˣ  ԭһЦѾǳ׵ʧ׳ˣ̫ʢһЩ
һëƣԭɱ㣬ԼǾ͹ֲñˣ
ȻձҪɱ̫ͽ
ԭĺʧһգȡ֮һĮ




1057
 

ոյִߣ
֪Ƕ¶Ҳ֪̫ڽҪɽɣ  ʵϣһҲǵ˺ܾãֻһֱûгֶѣ
ֻҪ̫ɽɣʱǱ֮ѩȻ
ļѾ龳ڣֻһ֮ңܹ̤龳塣
ʱɽٷҲǽǰˣ  ˵ȹؼʱ̣ȻҪԼ̫ڣܺù  ֮ѩǼһҪõĶκ̫ڻñ֮ѩˣĵˣ  顢׹ҡ
Цһ龳Ȼǿ󣬿ҪԼĸǰװ棬װطˣ  ڣ˺ȻӦǣ
ĺ֣  ֣˶һͷƤ飬һŰ  ׹Ҹոռ̫幬ղҲǾһսδָ
Ӧö龳֮ˣƾ˾Ҫ˼
ǲܵ飡  Ҫ֪ʵǿᣬǾ龳ڵĸ֣¼Ǿ̫幬ȥҲ˼ҵġ

һ̣˵иоʵǿޱȣ
׸ΪԲݳлͣ
ڣ
˴˿ҲѪڣǻ֪һ̣ĿҪˣ  ˵ĹҲһ˷ܣϾҪʹʹĴսһ˵ʵĺѣ
龳ǿߣǷǳϧԼëģ
ֻµ񣬲ֳһҲ޿ˡ
汾̫ڣ
ŭһдһ˿ɱ  һģһĳа
һֱڰҲǸ鷳
׹һ࿴һۣǼͬʱżķ˹ȥ
ˣһֱӭȥ
ռ֮Уһ  ɫĵУʱѾǻһżķֱӳɱ
Ͼ龳ĸ֣׹ҪӦһ壬ֻǸΪ
ǺҲս֮ḻɷһܹ⡣
ǿ壬ҪҲǲܡ
еѾʧȡ֮һʵķɽ
Ʒ
ĽЦһֱһն  أ
֮УײҪ컮һ㣡  ޴˳Χ
ƾУ
ɴ۾ŶСһһ̾Ȼ˵ǿ
ٺһЦҲȤ
նʽ  նʽãǿν¯࣡
һ˲䣡
Χĳƺתˣ齣ָһƬ
һĸоһ־Ϣ
֮Ϊ֮ɫ䣡
ʿˮʲôо⽣̺־ζ  ̫·  ŵΧ˲γһǿĽУ
к֮ǰëƵĿɲһ  ҪëƵ̫·ǿһֹ  ֻһΣЧȴر
Ұ˲һ𣬶˿һ㣬ϵڿصת  һ͸Ľ˺Ѷ  ¡¡
ȫֵɾʱ֮ȴһֲѹ
׹Ҷˣ  һ˿̼Ÿоһĳ
ŭһν𣬳֮еɫһնȥ
ž
ǵɫִĹǴȫԵЧ  ԼеķɽӴ׵һɲǣɫ䣡  ֹУֻҪһ©ñأ  ٣Ϊ滹֮ǰǸɵ𣿡
һһ˲ĶҲ¶һ˿Цݣ  նʽ
ݣ
һֺޱȵĽѾնǵԼĽг˾֮ɫ
Ⱑ  һ⣬龳ڵǿݾأû뵽ġ
˵ʵ׹ֻǵĹĻڼûʲô˺
Ȼǿ󣬿Ҳ֪龳쳣ǿġ
ĻҲֻܹǿսƽ֡
ϣȻлһﳹ׵ʧġ
䣡
йâʢ  һ̴˼壬˿Ǽ¶ʹ֮ɫ
ڼ˵ôҲû뵽оȻܹиԼƾ֮ˡ
鿴ȥСһ㣬⸱С֮£Ȼ˾˵üаûڲѣ
ȴûκεĺҩ




1058̫ڣˣ
 


һһ̫ȻҲˣ  ҰܵôĪ
û֪ղŷʲôǼǱסһ㣬룡  
Ľ̴˼ĵ
һ˲䣬˰꣬ӿȥ֮ǰķ棬һ;ƿݵĸо
׵ȫΧɱëƵˣ˿ëƵ˵Χ֮£ֻܹǿֵ  Ѷ
жð뷨ϾǿĳֶѾǱ˸˵˾ܹĹ
ëƵԭƴֿɵ̴һ˲䣡
৵һɫɷף
նʽ  ׵һ޴ĽӰ׹䣬ֱëƣ  Ҫ
ˮ񿴵Լʦ˵¶һ˿ı飡
жǸղȥԼʦ
ֻܹĿԼʦˣȴΪ  ˿̣Ҫնɱëƣһε׼  ȴˮԤóëƼţµʱҲһ  ס׶һԵԲ
Բͷˮķֱȥ
䣡
һնëƼƴֵϧѾǳ׵ʧȥģ
أ
  ӲĽëֱӴӵϸ֮У  ۵  ëеƷɽһ̾Ȼ˿˿еķɽҫ£ɢ߲ʵĹâ  ƷƷĲ࣬Զ׼  Ҹ˲ֹһεĻᣬֻϧ㲻ʲôϧҪҾ̫幬ģھһ̫ڣ
׵¶һ˿ааЦݣëҲ¶һ˿Цݣ
ëƴ˿˫޹⣬˸һľ
֪Ľļգ  ף㲻Ҫɱʦ֣㣬ʲôӦ㣬ʲôӦ㡭ˮ񼸺İף
ʦ磬ҲǷǵҪСӵɣٺ١鿴˿΢΢һЦ
׿飬֪ʲô˼  Ҫһ龳ڵĸ֣Ŀǰ׵ʵǲġ
׹ңҲǺ  ׺鿪ʼ˽΢΢ҡͷ²УҪɲƸôļ򵥰
ô֪أ˵ˣⲻһõ㿴ɩ滨ӣðٺһЦ
һЦŵ˵ǶԵģ
׻ĳǰȻһԵԲԲϣ
ˮ׵ķ˹Ҫ
ﱻƣëΣڵϦ
˿̫ڼҪֱС̫ڣ񿴵ģôܹأ  ٺ٣ţҪӦҵˣ׿ë΢΢һЦ
ֻֻҪʦʦ֣ҡʲôԸ⣡ˮһǻȥˣ  ã׿˿ˮҵǻмǲϵĻֻܹʾźˡ
ʲôˮһֻҪǲ̸
˿̼ëƵλ̫ϳ϶˵ĻǼײ̫ڣ̫Ҳ˶ˣ
΢΢һЦһ̫óλʮ󳬼ŵĳƺţҾ̫幬ȡ֮
ûû⣡
ˮҧҧ˿һԵļλ̫ڵ̫ϳϽǲ˵ˣ  أ˭Ҫأ  ڶ̫ڳΪ̫幬ĸţëƵ˱Ҫңģɱ⣡
ˮüͷף㲻Ҫ̫ˣ
ȣҪ󲢲֣֮ǰ̫ҪҾ̫幬ֻ̫ҸţѾ御ˣ׳
ˮ̾һãҲӦ㣡
һӦöãԺɾˣȢɣ׿ˮЦ
ˮ˿̲֪ӦǸ˻ӦñԼһ龳ڵǿߣȻ˸ƻˣ  Ȼƺһ㶼ܣַվһּµĸо
̫ڣˣ
һԵëƵ΢΢˫ۣǽëĶԿó˿ĵһּ尾  һţû뵽쾹Ȼ˵³  ǵҪˮڶ¶֮ǰǸŵġ
ֻ˵ʲôˣһԳ䶨
ˮͷҲصȥǱߣҲǿźνɺͰĭ΢΢һЦλҵȥɽһ
Ƽڣ
νһ˷֮ɫ֪ɽɵΣˣ׵Ľˣ
̫ڣѾΪ˹ȥʽ
״һ˵Ƚɽɣ̫ڵǼǱѹһɽɵڣ
ţҪɽɣҲûˡ
ǿ̫ڣҲһ㱻ڣʻĸ˵ĵ




1059ʲôвñ˶
 

ɽڣ
˼üһãмҲЩ̫λ̫ϳϣ  ־ڸղŵսѾǱնɱʣµЩ̫ϳϻǱȽϵġ
ֻ̫ѾջƻûκεƢ
ɽνɣȫɽŵӣл
ν˴ҲӦõġ
Ͼɽɣ˵ûо̫幬Ļ˿ɽ´֮ϵģ¾̫ڵˡ
л꺭²Ҿ̫幬ӣκҪŵӣǱȻҪһĴۣ
׿΢΢һЦͬʱνɵѾվ  ĭͺνжһۣĭ˳׵ɽ̫ϳϰĭ㣬Ҳ꺭⹫һڽɽ֮Σ֣ʵΪɽɵһ֪Ƿ񿴵ϡ
üͷһ΢΢һЦ׳Ͽˣ
ӦҲ֪̫һνɽɵԭ˰ɣ
ĭҲ֪öǸزסģ֮ǰĻпܡ
˼ҽ̫ڵܻ׽Ѿˡ
ο̫ݳлͣҲѾ˼Ҿ̫幬ˡ
ƥ  򵥵ĵĭô֪ܲأ  Լʹʹ˵ˣʡĵʱڸ̫幬ǵʱɽɿľ·ˣ  ǺǣȻ׳˵ˣĳҲҴˣȷ˵˴£֮ѩҵҲ൱
Ҳ˵ѣʵϵزбҪô  ĭ̾һҪҰĳԵ˫ַϣ
ˮëƵĭĻǵǶ΢΢鴤
Ϊ֮ѩ㾡ȫ֮˵³ȴ˼ֱ֮ƵĽడ  ׹һЦ׳ϣҵȷҪõ֮ѩȻˣҲ֪㲻Ը⣡
ûûûԸ⣬Ը⡭ḭ̆ڰ֣ʾԼûвԸ⣡  ΢΢һЦ꺭ڵӣǿ֮Ҳ֮ѩϷӲ̫ĹЧ̷ֱǱ֪һֵҩľǱ֮ѩ
֮ѩܹƵҩǵǶôǿĵҩĭҲǵһ˵ǳԾĿף
ЦŵӦģ׳ϣɣ֮ѩ쳣ҪǰװҲǲ̫ܡɣҳۣ׳ҪǾúʣǾͽΣü벻˵
ۣҪǾðùⲻȥĻһ㶫ɣ
ĭ㿴ף֪˵ĵǲģ  ĳ۵Ļ˼ҵʱһŭ֮ɽɣǵʱҲʮľ氡
һԵĺνҲ΢΢һЦǾ̫幬ҵˣ֮ѩȥɡ
ˣ  ëƵ˸оʵЩˣԼҪĶ˼һǿ  ֮զôأ
֪ɽɵô˵ĻҲˣ  ֻϧ֮ǰһľ
ΪͨԱƱֶοúνɵ˳ⲻ֪ܰ꺭Ǻνɵۣ
ƣҲҪ̫  ׿źνЦŵҲǰñ˶ˣɣҾʯΪɡ
⡭Ҳ̫ˣ
νʿˮҪ֪ҲֻһƷѣ
֮ѩȣ㲻ʲô˵ռ˱ˣЦŵ
ĭ㿴׹ֵ
ضԣ׿ŰĭƷɽ׼Ʒףһʯ
ʯ˵ֱǶţëһ㣡  ǰһ󶼸ˣȪ֮۶Ūˣ˵ʯԴԴϣ
ʯȥо൱Ķ࣬׵ĸǰҲ㲻ʲô  ֻȼ룬÷ˣ
⼸֮УҲǰʯԾˣƷɽ׼ƷףǷȥɶ޼֮
࣡  ĭ㳹׵ڵ һԵĺνҲѾǵɳ
˶ΪԼˣʵֲ̫˰  ֡ĪڸǿЦĭʿˮ
Цŵ֮ѩ۸񣬵Ȼˣ׳Ͼõˣǿ̸
̫̫ˣҵܵ𰡣ĭ㳹׵ˣ
ôĶȫһˣ
Ȼ֮ѩҲ𣬿֪׸һķ
˵񼴱ʧȥ˱֮ѩĭͺνɶûһֿĸо
֮ǰ붼ûģ




1060ջķ
 

ɽ´  ̫ڵǰѾһĶĿɿڴ
̫幬ôԴҲ̸ļƷǴӺζ
͵ʯһó¶൱ĳ  ʵϣëƵ˿ȫʲôҪãͿԵõ֮ѩ
˼Ҳûôóǿȫƥһ  Ҫ
ͬ£̫ھԲô
˿̣̫ڵЩƺһǵͷ˼Ҿ̫幬ôģ
ôģ
֮Ĳ࣬һʵ̫ˣ  ĳʵԸлĭ˿ҲǼ
׸ǰƯļƷеǹѾԶ׼ˡ
ͬߵĵڶһ㣡  е˿Ҳ쳣˷ܣÿһ˶ҪӵһԼĺ
õȴ޼  ĭǰֻܹɵ۵Ľɫ߲ʰ쵵ķɽͻף޲ˬ  ʧȥ֮ѩƺҲûʲôоˣֻмƷˡ
˽νǽԴϲ  ĭͺνɵѾһƬ֮ɫܿǱ㰲ס£ԼǼæȥԼļƷȥˣ
֮
ɽںɽۣ֮
ɽоһƬ캮ض̹ǵĺЩ̲סķ
Ⱥ׵˵ֱСƼģ  ֮ѩط˿׵˿ǽ״ı֮ѩһʥϢ
Ȼֻ⼫֮زܹ˵䰡΢΢һ̾  ׹΢۾ǰ֮ѩ쳣Ŀ̣ŵɽҲˣ꺮б֮ѩĵط꺮裡
꺮裿׿˿׹ҡ
׹ҵͷ꺮ҲһڱˮԵ˵Ǿǹ屦Ķ
ǣ⵹ǿԸ̺ˮһã΢΢һЦ
Ī̺ˮǴʺʹˮʣ涼˵꺮ǺöǾԲܲ˵ˡ
ˮǴˮԣ꺮ĻʱڳΪ龳ڵǿߣӦòʲô£΢΢һЦ
ձ֮ѩ֮գ飬㸺ɼ꺮裬˳ҲŪЦŵ
ͷٺһЦϣҵİɣʦ硭
ʱ֣
ԭյƮһɫƣɷ֣  Ƕ֮мһ˿֮˸оһļ£  ׹ҿǽ΢΢һЦ֮ѩ죬λҪ׼ˣ
棬֮ѩȻҲɽ٣ЩĿ˿ʵ
ǺǣӦҲ֣ǽƵΪ֮ѩôõЧ𣿵Ȼˣ֮ѩҲ֮ˡ
׹ҿ˿Ҳ΢΢һЦ
׵ͷ˿ǽڵλѾƴ
֮ѩɽ٣ɱ߶ɽҪ׶ˣƺֻһ֮󣬱𣡣
ˡ
ؼĺͳнУ
Ǳ֮ѩŵİɫ̻һ㣬м˼žӨ͸Ĺӣ  ಣ
һٶҲǹģӸոսɣͱһѹһգ  ԭı֮ѩɼ˹֮˲俪ʼл
ֱͣһץű֮ѩķһε̽˹ȥ
ֱ̽뵽ȵ֮˲ջأ  һĨɫѾǳϣת˲֮ʧ  꺮裡  һ￴ޱĸ֣ĳʮֵľ׼Ҳǡô
һͨשС꺮ѾǱ֮У
㶨
ٺһЦһоԼջķᣡ
׹ҿ飬ⰾƵҩͽˣ⼸ɾ֪ⵤҩ䷽ʱ˸һݡ
٣ʦ磬㿴涼ϵĶʲôٺһЦ
΢΢ͷ˵ôⲻǺöҲǺö˰˴ɽ֮Уջǲģ
׹΢΢һЦȷǵģ֮ѩԺ󼴱ǳҲž޴İҵԺɽͬи߳һ˰
̾һ棬ҵԼãǱˣ
ãǾˣ㻹ĵģߵáû˵
׳ЦЦС飬ֻһǾǰ֮ѩתɵҩǿɶĺϢذɽˣǻ飡֪ͨˣһڡ
ϣ
ٺһЦǷǳңԼһ˸Լֱ͸һ  ֮ǰûйģҲǾľް㱣




1061ôʣˣ
 

̫幬
׵˻صŵʱŶǻȸԾ  ɽɴɱķѾǱ֪ܶˣһջĿ¾֮ѩ꺮裡
֮ѩǿǶԺɽҲĪİĶ  ɽХĻҲǸоһĲӦ
źϣ˿ǻ֮󣬸ǼĹ
һξ̫幬ǿǲ̫λİ  Ҫ֪֮ǰܶǾ붼һ飡  ݳл͵˵һ̫幬ǸоҲϡƽĺܣ֪ϡƽ֮£϶Ų֮ͬ
һ׻Ҫ鰲׵˵İȫ⣡
ںͶ֮󣬵ʱǿ϶Ҫġ
´
׿ݳл͡ѺˮҲǳ

ݳлͺͳڶǷǳĹǳѡ
Щأ֪ôģһҪ˵ĻǾЩˣ  ΢΢һЦ̫ںȱһţľ칬̫幬һҿȻ˶ߣһܺõĻᰡ
ףҪ̫ڵĸˮ׵˼֪һԲ̫շȵġ
ȻĻǿ϶Ƿ֮ˣ
һţҪշλʮ󳬼ţ⴫ȥǶ˶ˣ  ׿ˮ΢΢һЦ˵ţԺɲ̫ڵˣǾ̫幬ˣ̫ڵͲҪˣʱȻġ
㡭
ˮȻЩԶԣڿӣҲһı
Цŵ̫ڵȵ涼оˡ̫ںҲϤҿ³̫Ⱦݳл͵ɡ
лͶл
ݳлһ˷ܣôҲû뵽ܹһͳ̫ȣû뵽Լȵȥһͳ̫ڣ  Ժǧʷһʰ
ˮһ׵ô˵ôˣΪΪ⣬Һһܸʲô
ţôأŵ㣡
׵ݸˮһɫУȴһ˿˿Щ죡
⡭ʲô
Ǿлһξ룬ܹܵȺ⣬֪ⶫжôĺʮˡ
׿ˮЦЦȻǶ˰
˭ҪĶ
ˮ죬ȴסĳп˹ȥƺǳ浽ʲô  ݳлĿһµȣѣҼǵ˵Ҫȥţ
ԶԶԣһǼ߿ءѺݳл˿˿ףȻ˳ȥ  ݳлͺͳȥ˷׷׸ɾ뿪ˣ  ԭַǷ´һӾͱ׸ˮĵطˡ
ˡôˡˮһɫú
װԵǰˮ٣˼ⲻΪǴɵøл˼Ұ
ޡˮһڣȻ㡭ɿң
ٺ٣Ҫǲء׿ˮЦˮҪ˵׵˫Ѿǽȥ
ӡ
һεĴԣ˿̵ˮƺ֮ǰЩ磬ЩҪ׵˫ֺӵ  Ϣ
ˮоԼ涼Щȱˣԭɴ˫Ҳı  ˺һӣײŷſˮ
ˮףգ
׿ˮЦŵٺ٣͸㣡
㡭쵰۸ңҲҪĶˮƺҪףվȴֻһǶǵĻ쵰ŸǴΣ  Цŵ㲻Ϊڵǿߣ꺮ⴿˮʶʱڳΪ龳ǿߡ
꺮裿ļٵģˮ˿ҲˣΪߣıܻǹ꺮裡
꺮裬ͻ龳ָտɴԺʹ̫幬ɡ̫ڵ飬ͲҪˡ׳
ôôԵҲҵˮЩʵ
ǺǣΪҶĵЦЦҵҪ뿪һӣںͶŶŻ׹ҲĶˣ
Ҫ뿪ˮףеһЩᣡ  Ҳ֪ΪʲôԼôĲԴһαһ۸֮ȻĻȥ  ֪Ҫ뿪ԼȻĪһ˿˿Ĳᣡ  һ׽绹һЩûд꣬һһġ
֮
׶һ뿪˾̫幬ʣµѾ׹Һݳл͵ȥ




1062Ҫ¥
 

У  ׻صʱ򣬾ͬ۴ѧѧѾһʱˡ
ѧҲɵĺˣϾͿϣⲻҲԲϣ
˵ʵϵ˾ѵʱ׼ΣԺͺѿˡ
׵ĿǰΪֹҲֻȥѧУһΣ  ҲǳĶ࣬⿪ѧҲ˺ܶࡣ
˵ѧҲǲѣҲ֪ٹԼڻص׽ˡ
ҲֻܹϧǰԼΪĺʱˣ
Ȼˣ׽磬źܶûɣȻȥѾΪĲ֣
̫幬ѾλʮţǰļɽҲѾǰεһ  ٹһӣΧɱĻ׻Ĵ뽭ɽҪصˡ
Ǹʱ򣬵ʱ֮󣬿һͳҲֻʱˣ  ųˮĽͷ׵鵹Ҳƽ˺ܶ࣬Щ췢̫̫飬ҲҪƽһʱ䣡  ׳ϼŵķ˹ȥûѡѧУҪȥϼſϼôˣ
ã
ϼܲĸڣһʮߵĴãɴʱǸ¥֮ȴѾΧˣ  ҲԽԽ࣬ʲôĶѾ棡
΢΢̧ͷȻ¥֮ϣ
ôأҪ¥
׵һӦǾԲܵģҪ֪ϵŮôȥ¥أ
һۿȥ¥֮ϵɫ޷ɫĽţп㣬Ͻ߸˳  ɫȴЩţƺھʲô
׵ʶϿɨһ飬һ໹һµŮȥҲǳƮƮΪ
ֻǸŮȴ¥ǰֻҪһԾʱǷǵľˣ
׿ٵĳŽõȥ˿ȴһʮӸסˣ  ʲôģ
һģӿ׳ʵ
棬ҿǲʲôˡ
׵Ҳʵʵ˵ȻȥҪ¥ϾһͨˣվǱߵȷкܴΣյġ
Сô£һԲʱģһп˵˹
ԭ׵˵½ӣ˵ѣ
½ӽ½ɣǽ̾ӵĸӳνΪһ˲ţ  ȻˣľϵͳУһλĸ񶷿ˣ  ٻȫϵͳ񶷴ĵһս֪ˡ
ǻ½ôΪ˾ϵͳһ֦أ  ۵ĻҪӳְҲʮˡ
½ɽոʮܹ꣬λȻҲʵ  ţʶˣ
½ɿ˿ף׸оЩѧʶǸ¥Ůӵˣ
ɫŵӣȻ½ɿʶ¥֮ˣҲӦòǹϵ֣ܽ
ǰһ¥أҲ֪ǲҪ¥׿½ɳ
ʲô֣ĸѣ½ɿ׳ʵƺǳݣ  Ͼ¥ҲǼҴҸϹ׼ȥġ
ѣҸղ¥¿ԡʼ
½ЩɵĿ˿ף´һµѣôûм㣿

СӺôУԼƺҲЩԾҲǿ˿½ӣ
Ǻǣ½ӻǸЦҲһҪʶɣЦЦ
Сӣע̬ȣʻʲôѣ½ɱϾݵģһѰ˿¶Ҫһ£  ȴһﲢðΪоһЩСۣ
˵ƺûйϵһ򲽽ѣַʶҲ̫ǿһЩɣ
׿½û˵ֻǵİΣѣ½ӲһҰɣ
ߣߣ
½ЩûȤСӿȥôĺöԸЩǿ׳Ŀһ  ׸ǵĺ棬ʼձһξ룡  ½ɵԱߣűӻͷһףһ˵½ӣһ˭
֪˵ѣûм½ɳ
СˣҲǸ͵ģ½ӣ˵󾯻Ӧϵķˣ˺ٺһЦ
½¶һ˿ЦʵҲ㲻ʲô֣һͣһȥѣǾͱϹˣʱڱǸˣ
½ӣʷԵһ󲽰
ҲЦĳ¥ȥ¥һ˲䣬˵ɫȻϾ  ְҵǺܿͶ뵽˹֮У




1063
 

̨֮ϣ
̨ƺֻһµŮ棬ʣµӦС鶼¥棡  ǸŮӵƺΪļڵλֻҪվȥˡ
һ˸ߵĴ¥ȥзܹסĸҲٰٷ֮ʮʮϣ  Ͼ߶ʵ̫̫ˣ
˵黹ûеôɽˮĵزڸߣҸ취
ŶŮӣҲϳ˽֮ɫ  Ҫ¥Ϣо֮󣬺ܿоֱ֯׼Ӫȡ
ʵԭо̴ûʲôϵƫƫʶ
ȻֻһСС鳤ȴޱȵ⣡
ΪǺܶȨʶĿɲ
һȥһЩҲͳΪѡ
Ůﻹûмأ  ϼŶ³ŮҲĿǰϼŵܲã
˵Ȼոնʮ꣬ȴѾ̳ԼĲҵΪһ
ֻܲһʱ䣬ϼѾƲıԵһ£Ͷʾʧܶա
ϼΣڵϦᣡ  ܲôѹѾ벻Ҫɱˣּ˵ʵЩȡ  ĻȥˣôôĵùЩնǰƺֻҪҸ˷йһ¡
йˣҲҪսԼʱˣ
ҸղŴ绰ʹˣĶڸ·ϣӦ֪һи㣬ĸҲûйֹ㣡
ڻͶŮӵ
΢΢ҡͷ̫lowˣ̫ûˣϼϣҵУһɨǡ
ôҲһ˶ʿȻЩҸ㣬һΪǵĽΣǱģǴƣûκεĹϵ
ȻãҲŰ
ûжãǵ䱬˴ģĽΣӰ޵
׻ҲڲķΧ֮ڣĿǰѾһЩͷ֣ɻûе̫Եĵز  ϼȴ׵ģΪǵӪҵƷ
ԴǶǵ  ԭͨԼŬܹʱϼŽһʽѹ
ڽгоҪʱгһΪû뵽ǰŸոͶȥżѪ޹飡  ʮڵͶʣ
˲һµʱ䣬ʣڣ⻹ʱĽ
ҪȻĻʮֱӾʹˮƯˣ
ʮڣϼŵʽ׼һĹؼ
ȻʱҲ˶ǵòȶѾû·ˡ
Ǳߵ𽺲ҵԣϼʲô·أ
ϼŵʽ׵Ķѣ
ȫԼͷϣ˭ϼŵܲãҲһͶʵľأ
Щʱ㲻òˣллܹһ̣
дһ˿Ҳ¶һ˿Цݣ
ЦдžŶ޾Ĳᣡ
˵㸸ϾˣôѲɾһҲ𣿡
һֻ֣ʾҪôĳ嶯
֪ΪʲôֻһҲڱ˵ĸǰˣҸø׿һֱôŮһ棡뿪ˣҲͲñѹˡ
˿̿죬Ȼ󻺻վ
¥ڣ
˿½ɵ˶ǽŵĿһУϾǲĿǸŮ¥ɣ  ʵ½Ҳʶģ֮ǰŮмκĿų̴ܵҹ
񿴵ģҲһ겻ѣ
ǰһ̻ǷޣһѾǵֵز
½ӣô죿վ½Աߵӵ
С֣ǵԱǴʮ¥׼𣿡½ɳ
ûа취ֻҪԱ϶ֳģС֣
һԵ׵ҪȻԣ
㣿ʲôЦ㸺𣿡½ɵҲǲϾ飬һף  ׿½ɵ˵½ӣڿһаҾҵϣӦñҪһЩɣ
½ӣʱˣʱȥĿ԰ҪȻǾһһ԰ɣҪܹǺõİӦÿһʱɣ̴ЩܶʶģСʶ
С֣һԿ½ɼҴҵ˵Ҫľʱ䰡
½üͷ˿׵˵㣬һҪͼŭܣڶҪȥˡ




1064ִ磬
 

ǫ֮̃ϣ  ֮ǰǸ죬Ҳһü
ڷ籩
ҲǿƵıֻЩǺöǰˡ
һʱ䣬׸ϾעЩ飬û뵽Լȥһµʱ䣬Ȼ飡
ʱô£ֻܹԺлʻ˼ߺϵ˲
ֻܹȾǰŮ˵ˡ
ʵ˶˵ʵ̫ˣҲܹʯƾ죡
Ͼ׽磬кܶҲҪ˼Ӱġ
½ɵ˿ɲô룡  ΪԱܶණû׼ã̴̸ֲרҵ˳֣ͬǰȥӪȵġ
׳ȥ ½ʵѾˣ  ʱٰСӸǲˣΪĿѾǶ׵ϣ
㡭˭Ҳ뿴κˣߣߣ
һף̼ڳҪκˣ
Ϊ±˿Լǵӣ±ֳĿ⣡
ЩŭղѾ½˵ˣҪñ˳Ϊ  ŭ˳ķ˹ȥɵ˵ʱ˷ŭıʧȡ֮ȴһϲı飡
ִ硭
ף¶˿ĵı飬ɽڻһ㣡
½ɺС֣˿ɴûпŮ˵ĿĹ
½ɣ糺˫գһŴδйļʣ  ȥ½ӣɶŮСӿȥϵǳС֣Щĺĺʵ
˿̣ڿ½ɵɫǽһѿ
½ɳʲôھҪ
ǣ½ӡС֣ЩڨڨЦЦǿŰ֮Ѿȼˡ
׿΢΢һЦþò
ִ磬ô˰׿ʼ죬һԵǽһư
Ů˶ǰԵģ  ˵ʵѾ¶¥ˣɵ˵죬ʶЩ̲סˡ
˭ʵ
ѣĽ㣬лܸʶʶأҪȻһԶٷ
ϲˣȻҲ֪һǸʲôģҳҲ˧ֻҪĶõĻǾˣ
Ļ΢΢ĳ鴤ŮǴʵƪ  ԼĲô˧Ҳõ˵ɣ  Ľ㣬ʵкܶľʲ㻹ûѣ㻹кܶûоȥˣԺͿľ˲𣿸οĸĸļˣô죿
˵ˡ
ԭЩ͵һּʵھһ̬  Ҫ˲пʵ¿Լʧ
ΪʲôѡΨһԭ  ΪС̫ˣ㵽ܹʧܣ㵽ķǳԸ
ʵҲһѹʱѹ˴˺
㣬ҲҪǿģ  ׿ܣʵ֮ǰ¥²ûп㣬һΪҪ¥أ񿴵Ҿͷˣ㡭
ôˣ׳ʵ
΢΢ҡͷ˵ʵҸȰͷҵȰȥ
ִ磬˰
ô˵ŵøϽǰ׼׵죡  Ҫ֪ĺô˿ذҪΪ׵һ仰ȥĻǵʱ׿Ѳ˸ϵˣ
¥  ½ԭͲ̫ôҲû뵽Ȼѣ  еĿȥϡƽӣһĲˬ
Լǳ㣬ҲһǿΪʲôܸСأ  ׾Ȼ˵Ĵ̼ǷԼȭͷһµ²࣡Ҫǳ飬Բ˶ߡ
һԵС֣ҲЩƵ˵ΪСʲô취Ȼȥ̼ܣҪȥĻҪεİ
ͲӦСȥ½ҲǴһ  ½ӣô죿ҿܵǳļС֣ҲûУ  ֻܹѯ½ɵ˼ʵѯʲѯҲô£ΪһȥǸǻ̼ˣ
½ɳڹһᣬС֣ϽһԱʮ¥ӦûŪأ
С֣̾һոʹٻҪӵʱ䣡
쵰
½ɵһķŭڳ˺ڣΪ´׽ȥġ
Ҫ֪һ˵Ĵ̼˵ʲôҲһȥġ




1065
 

̨֮ϣ
׵һĵݣûдѰ·  ·İȫѾ̺ˣŮȥĻҲǿԱסġ
ֻŮӣЩһ
Լĸĸô꣬Ѿѡ¥һ֮⻹һе  Լ˵ҲûԼĸĸԺÿʲôأ
ˣ̫嶯˵һ˽ı֣
Ȼײ²⣬ǹʾô󻷾µģ˻Ųϣǣ
㡭˵ʲôƾʲôҾ
ԭΪѿڿ϶ҪȰԼøҲһӡǣ
ôҲû뵽һﾹȻ˵Ĵ̼ԼԼһ  һš͵Ƣˣƾʲô
ԵţԼļ˸ڲˣô㵣µˣһ˽ˣ˵ôһ˽ˣΪʲôҪأ
׿΢΢һЦƺǰԼûκεĹϵ
һʼһôһ̼Ȼȶ׿ʼ֣֪϶׵ܹݣ
˽㶼˽ңô֪Ҿ˽أ㻹ǸϽ뿪ɣֱǸ฾һ㡭
ʱйʼˣ
˵ȳܲİҸûйϵɣĸĸеô󻹲һٹԼأ
˵ҲԽԽʵҲΪаղô̼Ů˵ġ
һ˵Ļ¸ĵȥͼŭһҪˣ
ŭһƨ֪ʲô֪ҳ˶ѹ֪жôŬ֪ʲôʧ֪˿ʲôζ㲻
Уͺܵѹ㸸ĸûгһǵŮΪܹܣҿǰ¥㸸ĸпܸһ¥ô֪㲻㸸ĸǰ㵱ǵΨһأ˵һ˽ˣ
ײм˵Ů˱ҪһҪΪֹ  һξǾˣһοѻһͣ
৵һ¼ᶼˣûһ˸ôԼ˵Ҳûһ˸յű˵˵Լ
ʵЩɶˣǸǶԵģԼ̫˽ˣ  ԼһжǸĸģһѾҪ徣ǶԼĸĲҲТ
ѲҪһ  ΪԼ¥ԼĸĸҲһʹпĻôһԼĴˣ
˵Ĺת䣬ʵһ˲飡  ЩʱһЩϲţǼ⣬һ֮ͨ󣬺ܶͲҪȥˣ  ʲô˲ҪȥܣͻʲôϵΪļܹҸ㣬ҿ϶ģ
Ȼô˵״ѾǿˣѾû־
һ˵ƭˣǲƭ˵ģ  ղһʼʱ˫Щն񣬿ƺЩˣ
Ӧڷżת䣬Լƺĵ
ʵϣΪʲô֮ǰҪԼĸ֮ǰҪ¥أ
ʵǺԣڱ֮Щ²̨ˣ
⶯ֵ̫ˣԼôҲϼŵܲã
ʱԼʲôȥϼϰأ  ˵ͲԵΪΣ  ̾һ˵ǻ߰ɣһΣܾΰİ취̫ˣֹˣǻȥοοĸɣȻûʲôãֹ˼
㡭
ɫͺ죬׵Ĵ̼ûˣ
һ뵽ԼĸǾͷİ׷һǺˣ  ֻһﻹڴ̼ԼҲһΪҪˣų̂ˣ  ׸ʹɫҲᣡ  Ϲ˵ֻ֪һʱ벻̨ɢɢĶѣǲ˵һȥֵ𣿡
Ҳ¶һ˿Цݣ
ʵҲҪһ̨ף˵Щ죬˰һҳԷԴͣ
УһѪ˰ɣɣ㰡¶ˮСĵ㡭
ʾһЩΪⳣĻˮǱ߶̦ˡ
ΪҪһֱǹŽŶǱߡ




1066»ǳ
 

̨ͨڣ  ˿̼Ʒվ˺棬Ϊ׵Ǹȥʮ꣬ɫϣ
ؾоֵĸֳ  ԭһСС¥¼Բܾ˺ؾֳģΪ˵ݼΪ⣡  ںؾԱߣվһؾȥӣֻɫ쳣Ļš
˲Ǳˣһ¥ĸףԨᣡ
ԨᣬϼŵĶ³Ѿˣ鶼Ѿ˶ʿҵõ˹̹ѧ˶ʿĺŮˣ
˵ʵǺǿģѧϰĹҲǳķḻ
Դ֮ܲϼŻһ治ϵǰš
Ԩڼ䣬ϼʵǻңںܶ黹һĹ̵С
Ԩоһжģֻ󻷾رĺã
ȥ꿪ʼгͿʼ𽥵ĵԣǼŵҵ൱Ӱ졣
Ҫǵ棬ⶫǵƷ˰
һȥǾͿʼۣ  ڵƷ۸Ӹ߲£۸ˣ˲򣬿ҪǼ۸ǾͿ˦  ʴ󻷾ûа취Ƶģ  ˵˼㣬һûжãΣ  û취˺ܶİ취ʵûа취Ҫȥʱгܲͻƣ
ʱгŶǽΣкڻ϶ǳֳһƣ̬  ˵УǼǮˮƯ  ֻ׻ʵ徭õһӰδи˳֣
ΪʲôΪΣʵ徭ñ
Ķͬ־λСͬ־Ǻа취İҿӦɶˡ
ؾһԨᣬҲǳԨᰲο˵
˿Ǳ׼վһҲء
ϼŵܲã֪ɱɵӰǲɹġ
ᱻһЩĵ˻߹ҴĴ  ǺؾиԲԸ⿴飬һиؾ´Ҫ
ؾ֮ǰӵĿɶǲõϢ
ɵߵʱȴǸûгֹǱ
ղһĻؾԨᶼǡɿ
Ԩ˫Щźؾллллؾְ
Ķʶôˣһʲôֻû뵽ĸ˵ĸǿ
˵ʵؾ֪ΪʲôҪɱʧܣϼҲûеɽˮĵزɣ  Ԩ΢΢һ̾ؾְ⺢ֲǲ֪СҪǿ
ؾüǰ½ӳ
ڣؾ֣ʲôָʾ½
иһܵǳӣһĺܺãϣٽͬ־ܲþɣӦûˡ
ؾǱѾ˵Ļǿ϶ûˣ  ԨῴԼŮŽѾվǱߣҲݺᣬԼ˦ƹ񵱵̫һ㰡
յϢ֮Ҳǻĳķ˹ȥ  ˿ҲִˣϾ鵽һûж˿  ߴ˿Χżٺ˵ĻҲˣΪһΪӵˣ
һ˿̲ˣǸоһЩˣ
׿˿Σգ
ޱȵΣͷִ磬Сһ㰡
ȻױСϲ״磬ϰѾ˺ܳһʱˡ
׳Լ߹ҲСȶЩ
׿ܣǧҪţҪ濴ҲҪߣҹȥߣ
ⲻ˵ãһ˵һǿ֢һ㣬͵͵ĳźһۣ  ôһۣоһת  ̫ˣûпָ֢һ˿˵ĸ߶ȣҲɫɷٵġ
ղŶ׵ʱ̫ˣ˸оЩ飡  ڼͷһӸоԼҪԵˣ
á
΢΢üŮǲͷҪ㷴
ʱҲûôʱԥˣ
Ҫȥһ˲䣬׶ˣ  Ҳ֪ʱͷѾǲʵˣֻиɵŮˣ  
һУ׺ӰѾʧ˵֮У
Ҫס
˿ɫɷף类һ㣬һ
ȥˣİִȥˣ
ûκεףֱȥˣ
һ̣ԺһƬհףѾ׵ɵˣ




1067龪һ
 

ô£ôĲӣ
ؾԭΪķʽû뵽ʱ̳  ҪҵС
ԨῴԼŮǸһͬʧԼ֮Уǰһڣֱӻ赹ˡ
½ۼֿһѷסԨᣬȻС֣ȰĶҽԺǳȥʲô
̨֮ϣ˿Ѿǳȥ߰˸ˣΪ׵ĺؾɫĿǰһƬĿտ  ˿ڽõ棡  ˣˣҵ찡
ǰһһŮôߵĵطˤоĺÿֲ
ˣ˰˾ô
ôô벻أǲѳ鰡
µ˿Ӱ׹һĴӸ߿֮£һЩСѾסԼ۾  ˿̱۾Ӹ߿׹һȻˣ
֪Լڼ֮ѾҪˣ  һ˺ܶ࣬صؿ˿ǰԼӣ֮ǵһʶ
оԼһĶԲˣ
˼һõഺ˼ҲԼĸĸ˼ӵƯŮѣ
Լһ޴ľٶ˼һӶ군ˣı˫ۣƺȴĽ٣  ԭ֣ٵ׹һʧصĸо
һж˵ʲôǰȫ棬ĽǶȣ  ʱôߵĵطˤûĻǵʱҪСץʵˡ
ɲ׽Ⱦ׵һлصĺһЩȽϺã
˼Ҫ׹䵽ȫϵһ˲䣬Ҳһ˿ֱӽһ£  ССһ£Ƕ˵ǾԱһУ  Ǵһ¥ˤʹʮ¥ˤоȫĲһġ
飡  ˤĵطһˤһ̣оСʱııĴһ
ΪʾԼ΢ĿһЩԼˤ֮Ҳʹ䶯£  ˤ֮󣬾Ȼܹ  ˾þǣˤһֱ̣վˣ׵ķ˹ȥ
ǿǴʮ¥ߵĵطˤİֱվܣһ׼õľȻԱЩ±ˣ
ŵ׵ǱߣҲǻ۾ˢһ¾ˮ
ٺ  ڵĸо˵ûôһ˵ϧڵļֵ  㡭û°ɣ׵ĶͷˮѾǴʪգ  Ծ׵Щã߰ɣڸèһҿɲϲΧ۵ĸо
״ֱʧȺ֮УһԸոճԱҽ˿ȥӣǴ۵С۵ĿŶԷ
ƺҲ˵ôģ  ôߵĵطˤ˾ȻɶҲûУָʵ̫С̫Сˡ
ҾԮôΣһοôˡ
ôߵĵطˤȻһ鶼ûУӦúǿ˰
ղҿǸеĿⱣһǸŮģеĵĶǳı׼ӦǸרҵʿ
龪һ龪һϰɢ˰ɣӰ̫ˡ
µЩԱҽǱ˼֮󣬺ܿҲʼձˡ
ǵ϶һ˭ϣ˼ҳأ
ǫ֮̃ϣ˶Ǵͷɥģ  Ǻؾû뵽Ѿƺõľ澹Ȼоһϧ
ѾˣҲǳķ˹ȥ
ͬ־ؾ
ءؾ֡
һµľͿ˳ӣ˿ŶһĲ̡
ؾղǸȥ˵ͬ־ġ
ѣأء
ʵ֮仹ûȷϵ֣ദʱʵҲ
϶ףԼⱲӷײˡ
ƺҲоóŮ˵ģԼүүҲԼ˵顣
ֻԼүүȻԣԼû뵽
һ൱ɵˣүүһӲҲû˵һ䣡  ֻû뵽˼ҹִˣΪ˾Ȼһȥˣ  ½Ҳ̾һ۹ܲһǸүǣ
ء
һ½ɵĻ̲ס
ؾҲһӲ֪ӦôοˣҲǲԸ⿴  ⻹ûأ޵ĿЩ簡һѰ˼ȥӢ۾Ļأû뵽㾹Ȼ
ںؾΧҪȰȥʱһӺ




1068¸߷ڵ
 

˶Ǳߣ
׵֮ͬʱתͷȥ  ׺ֵһ̣һƵǱˣ
ִ硭
ֱһףȵ棬ţ
˿ܹһѪʵˣһ޷ĸˣ
˺ˣⲻǺúõ
΢΢һЦһɣ  ؾӣҲĿһȻСǽܽλӢ𣿡
ؾ֡
һӷӦ˹߿ɻźöͬ¿أ  ԭоֵʱһֱԱŮƵģôͬǰӣԼоһЩ˼ˡ
׿źؾЦЦã֣С־ˣ
ײ̫ĸߵҲѾˣþˣ
ؾףľСͬ־˵ʵҼ¸ҵ֮һΪһľˣߵľ⣬Ἲ˵һҪø֪
һԴۣø֪
ɲ챻÷Ŵ󾵿ţԼʧȥ׽壡  ҪĻ׿¿Իȫÿһ䣡  ҪҲȥôģ  ׿źؾڰֵؾ֣ҿ˰ɣ˲̫ϲѾˣڱĻҿûҪ˰ɣ
С֣˸߷⣬ǡؾҲҪȰοһס
ϾĻᲢ࣬οײǾ˳ɹһǺ£ԵЩˡ
΢΢ҡͷؾ֣Ҳʲô߷ڣĲ뱻ֵȾʱҲǱܷӦѣҶû£Դϲˣ
úúãСְȻ˵ĻҸһΪΣ⽱ҲǲٵİؾЦŵ
ʼؾ֣ĺˣĻֱӾҪ˰ɣлл
Сְ˵ҹĿ࿴ˣؾĴָ
Цŵлؾ⣡
ؾЦЦȥˣȻС㲻ҪͽҲǿˡǼŷż٣ǶĽ
ллؾ֣
½ͬʱźؾԵ÷ǳĿģ
źؾȥıӰ  ʱӺ˹ҲĽ㣬û°ɣ
û£лл㣬Ҳллִ磡Ŵ˿̵ףҲһĲ
˵Ļöˣڹؼʱܹ˾ٶˣʵ̫̫ˡ
׾һеˣ
˵ҵһܺõѣһе˾һˣ
ĽǶЩĽͼʣ֪û˼ңԼѾˣ
׻ԼΪעȥ˵жĻôһͷβûĵˡ
һ㡭û¾ͺãû¾ͺã
׿Цŵ֮ǰС϶еһСҲ˵Ļʵ˵ĶĻǿԾһΣǾȲΣҲϣ㲻ҪǵһƬġ
ףݺݵĵͷţİɣԺһúûţʲôѣҶԷģ
׿ʵ֮ǰǵ̸ô°£ҪȻҸطһ
ѽѽҽż٣һƵĿ½ɣ  ΪѹҲû뵽ܹףҲ֪ͻȻҪ¥
Ӧ½ɽ°֮ȥȭȥһأ˵ȭźܶĸֵġ
һɲߣȻˣʵͦһġ
½ɵʵǿԵģʱԥһҲʹӦˣȻҲ֪½ϲԼԼѾϲˡ
Ϊ˲½ᣬѾǾܾ½ɺܶ
һԭҲҪܾģһ½ɱϾ쵼ҲĺҪȥɲݿһ
ôˣ£׿Цʵ
½Ҳ֪ҪˬԼˣ˿̶׵Ҳûôĵˡ
½ɿ׵֮ǰСӦȥһ¿ȭݿģûлˡ
԰ȥﶼһν˵
ִ磬İ½˵ǸطкܶأҲһȥòãٺһЦҪȥˣҲܹˡ
½ɿ˿Щӵ˵Ҳģӹǣһûпó




1069ȭֲ
 

ȭֲ  ȭֲڽӪ˺ܶ꣬ҲһƵȭߵˡ
ȭֲÿ궼ܶ˹ĸֵһΣ  ÿ·ݣﶼۼһ֣Ҳһʢᡣ
½ԭҪƽʱʵҲûʲô˼
˼ʵ·ݣһҲͬԸ൱Ȥһ  Ȼˣ֮ǰҪĿľҪǰչʾԼʵ
½ɿŮ˶˵İĽǴĳһʼġ
Ȼھϵͳһ֣緶ΧڣҲֻǿһ֣  ½ɿԼԽҰ˳Źȭֲ۶ȥ
ֲſڣ  ӭС㿴½ɹˣҲ΢΢һЦ½˰ȥỹȥȭ
½ɿСЦŵȥɣûиڣ
½ӣÿٰȭɻкüʱڣ·ѾϤˡ½Ҳ֪˵ƢܲǻǾҪǰ
λСЩѵ
½ɳߣûµģİɣҸҲûʲô̫Ĺϵ
½ʵ֮ǰҲǲμӹÿµȭģ  һΪãҲΪȭĽǳķ  ҪܹջùھĻôԵõķڶҲ𣡣
ֻҪǰʮٻʮĽ
½ʵҲЩ֣ΪʲôȭֲôǮ  еʽ֪Ҳ޷⣬ʵÿִǶ׬Ǯġ
Խ󣬵ʱ׬ǮԽ࣡  ټӵѪţĹעҲԽԽߡ
ǰһֱڿ״̬֮ڻÿ꿿£ܹ׬ǧ࣡  ҪȻϰҲôɵⱾɣ
ȭֲΪڽռǷǳĴġ
ȭֲ濴ȥһһ㣬֪ڲĿռжˡ
׵߽ʱ򣬾Ϳǰ̨
еɢ㳡ıߣмǸ̨ƺҪ̨ҪһЩλҲԵúͻ
½ӣô󰡣
ӣҲЩ̾˵
Ҫ֪ҲȥһЩȭݣ̨Ѿǹģܴˡ
ܹ˹ģģпҲǽһұ޷ֺˡ
½ЦЦţҲǸ˵ȭҲһˣҽȭݵġ¡ȫ֪ˡᣬǿԿĲء
Ĳ֣ļٵİAľޱ𣿡
ҲΪļɲͦԵġ
˵һҽѧҳģҳһ  ҲǺȥʱû½ҲһûйˣΪԽԽ࣬ѵҲˡ
ҪȻĻĻȥμһ¡أ
Ҫһܹľ޵ĻǾͺˣҲЩڴĿųЩڴȭЩˣ  ½Цŵȭһ綼ҿʼѵڲӣʱ϶ǵġⱫĻʱ϶ܹ˵һιģ찡⽱ƺҲǷӦٵˡ
½ɲμӵʱֻ˵ʮ
ʵʱһ󲿷ֵԭǳǽȥģʵھϵͳţ棬ǵרҵѡֵǰҲЩŰ˵ĸо  Ҳ֪ԼȥҲֻǷһ¾ľڲˣ  ƾʵҪõΣڿǲ̫ܵ飡
һԵ½ʵ½ӣʲô˼
ȭݣ𿴹ģر󣬵ȫΧڿҲ൱Ӱġͳ⡮¡Ĺɲϣ˵ȫֱͬģҽһĽǧĹעҲԽԽߣ
½ɿҲǽܵʵϲĿ˲Щ
ʼһû˵
½ЦŵڵȷǲôĿ󲿷ֵĸֶڹģղС˵ǸľޱAǾԶɲְǹڲ²𣬿ڹ⻹ʲģ
΢΢ͷֲýôߣһѰ˼ôȭһܹ׬Ǯ
½ʼҾͲ֪ˣȥ¥ǱɣҲûбǱûжˣп
طͦģԿѪ಩ҲƷ죬һȥҲ΢΢ͷ
˳¥˹ȥ½ɵһЩͲˮȻҲ




1070½ΣӰ
 

¥
׵֮ǰķ粨֮  ˵Ҳ½ɣҲǹĿ࿴ˡ
Щʱ˿˾һ˲飡  ֮ǰ˵ľٶһǴ½ɣȻ½ɶ׸ĹϵЩƣ
ĸл㣬Բơ
ףг˸м֮飡
˵ʵ׵һ仰ڸո֪Լ׻赹ѾҽԺѹϢһͻȥ
ΪԼľˣҲǴʽ׵л  ΢΢ڰֵܺα˵ĿѾȥ˾͹ȥˣҲûʲô˼ǣ˵ˣѣûбҪ
½ҲǵͷܣȻ㣬Ժɲˡ֪ҵģȻҲӪ֮ҵŸȭҲûʲôʤ˱ҳ£
ͷǰʤ˱ҳ£ǰ̫ԸˣΪǿκ˷ⲻ֪̫鲻ΪǿͿ԰쵽ģЩҽˡ
Ľ㣬⵽ô°ҲЩʵ
˵ʵڶ֪׷ʲô飡  ϼӪ⣬֮ǰ𽺵ļ۸һֱͦƽȵġһƲ̫ãҲ֪ģʵڲ
ʱʱʵҶ֪
׵ͷͳʵ徭õȷЩ粽еĸоһûʵ徭ãʵҲǸռӡ֮ǰ˵ǵĽΣô°
ûпţЩĿ˿ס
һ׶ʱ䣬Ϊȵľ໰ǹڽΣġ
ҡҡͷһʱȽ϶࣬ҲϾȥʲôģոջصû뵽£
ʵ׻治רȥģҪϼſ
û뵽յϼŵĸӵ飡
̾һTĻұֵһķӦĿǰսûյ׻ƣĹвǷǳģӦǰصսѾˣǶҵصĲҵȷǳ󣡡
𽺵ڶǣȷӰܴ󣡿ȸиҵⲻܵɣ׿ʵ
ǰΪˣԭ뷨ǳʱ俴ܲѰµͻƣϼĿǰĸծѾߴٷ֮ʮͨʱ׬һЩǮǼŵѹڷ籩ӰѾ֣Ͷʵʮֻʣˣ
˵ʱҲüͷ
˵ϼŷ̵ϣѾˣȻҲ֪ϼŵĲҵļҲܹĺ
ⲻ׷Ŀ꣬ͣѲҪϱӣ  Ȳ𽺲ҵܿиҵ¾Ҫ¶ƣ̬ɣ׳ʵ
ͷÿһεĽΣһҵϴƣ˵ʵĴŻ΢һЩлһεķŴЩС΢ҵֵǧ򼶱СӣǳŲסġ
ǺܶҪʧҵ𣿡Ȼ̫öҲܹһţ  һʵڰ֮ǰѾоһݣ𽺴ʡGDʡ̶̰µʱ䣬͵һٶƷµʱ䣬ʲôҰһʮ㣬ֱ¸ڵľǧˣ⻹ֻһʡһҵ
׵üͷ΢壬ȻҲʶԣ  ȻҲ֪νĽڷ籩ԹһһЩӰ죬Ͼѧϰõģ֪ƻжôǿ  ʵ徭õĵգȻܶӦ
һȻҲģҵϴƣҲ൱ʹġ
ܹƽȹȣǿϴƵĻǸ  ׿ʵβܹסأ˵תأ
תǺǣô˵ɣʵνĽΣʱһϷѣ𿴺ܶ˵ʱʧҵ¸ڣȴһСܹ׬貧ӯЩ˵ǽĲƸ׾ٵתΪǵʱʵ˵˾ͽǮѪ
ھҲһЩоооٿôӴʽȥʽгɱĻ϶Ǹɲġ
׳ǿǵǮǾûа취ȥǵǮ𣿡
ǺǣԺСЩʱʱܹڵֽչɼۣԴ׬ȡۣĬַ졣Ʋɵһ£ҲΣתĴƣǿ϶۶ӵģ
׵ȻҲоġ
΢΢һ̾ǻǲҪ˵ˣҲû̫Ĺϵɣ˵ˣǶǽΣ׻һЩӰ죬ӦӰ첻ɣ
ɣһεĻĻǵʱɾͲ˵ˡҲ΢΢ʼ磬Ҳֻܹ²⣡
׵ͷһܣҲй˾
ţûжãԭʽȱҪȡʽ𡣿֪ôù𽺲ҵ͹ȵʱƱһߣͣ״̬
Ҳʼ磬ûбҪƱȥôܹȥʱгأ
ûʽǵϼҪչǲܵģ  Ҳ֪𽺲ҵ飬ŻǵĹƱ
׳˼һϼܹ۵ĹƱж٣㣬Ͷˣ




1071̹ϵ
 

ԭź̸֮׼뿪
ǵ̸ʱû뵽׾Ȼ䲻ôһ䣡  ҪͶʣ
һԵ½ҲǿЩƣСӿҲǸʲôǮ˰  ½ɿףоһǸѧѣ
ǼеǮܹ׷ģӦҲͰ
½֪ļģΪһ㣬ʵ֮лЩԱġ
øһ飬СӵǺܵ  һôҲһԼĸȵļһѣԼһִƴġ
½ɴһͨļͥλãŬĿõġ
ʵϣΪ֮ǰ׵һЩٶһﻹǸ˵Ļǿһġ
˵ʲô
ƺоԼûʱȻ˸ͶԼҵĿ  Ѱ˼ż˸ͶʣǾǵȶǻ𽺼۸ȶ֮󣬲˸ҳ֡
ʱ֪𽺲ҵһȵĿڣôܻҪͶأ  һԵ֮⣬û֪׵ĵϸˣ  ͸֪׵κûо׵֮ͬ£ǲ˵ȥġ
ԣǷʲô飬Ǻܺõһ㡣
׿֮ǰҶҵǺ˽⣬ȻǹѹôҲܿһεϾ·ɣҪȻⲻǰ׾˵ˣҵҲҩɾȲ𣿡
ղû˵ҵûӯġϼȱǮԼڻκһҪͶʵĻҶܾġΨҲͬ⣡
Ҳһ޵ߵˣ˼ҾԼһҪԼɹѹأ
ԼҪǰ˿˼ҵĻǾЩ˵ȥˣ
ٶ˵Լôģ  һԵ½ɿ׵Ǻ⣬ǮҲԼģһ
ҵǮΪʲôԼģ׿½Цʵ
½ɿ׵ҿģӦǼܲɣ
½ɵִģ½ӣ
½ЩΪȻôάףҲ̾һԼûлˡ
׵ϼ˵СͶûãͶʷʵ̫ˡҪͶʵĻҽڵȵȣڷ籩Ÿող׻ƣʱʲô֪ء
ҷҪͶأ׿Цʵ
˵Ļ𣿡׵ӣҲһơ
˵ĻͲ˹ǮͶأƱȥôأ
һֱԼУҲ䲻Ǯɣ
֪Ҫ̹ϣ
˼ҿľˣ˶ӵĻǼֱ̫ˣ  ЦŵĽ㣬ִҪͶͶʺġ϶ҲǺͶʵģ԰ɣִ磿
֪ҰǺǣܣǮҲǴιġ˵ģʵ徭òǹҵ֧ȻҲ̫ܰҵܰһһҲ취ǵĲƷһȶ·
Ѿǿǵ⣬ϼǰѾϼŴսԺЭ飡  ϼ׼ùܵˣĿǰûй飡
ṩļ˼ԵѹӦǷǳġ
ֻҪܶˣʱʲôģǻǷַӵ
ʵԴڶ⣡
һܹܶﵽ˵ֵĻʱȡͳΪгҲʱˡ
ʲôİףʵ벻ͨ׵ţ
ѲһȨ֮
Ļ˵а취أ  Ͼ˽ģҵĵλҵӦòġ
׿ЦŵҵĹ˾ıȽϵӣ׬ǮǶҪǺǣӪĿʲô
ƷɣĿǰҪعⷽģ̥ʲôġⲻѹʲô̫׬Ǯǳɹˡ
ףҲˣײ˵ġ
һƺָֻŮǿ˵ķ緶ȻŮǿЩʱʵǷǳĴ  ̥ҵͶһԴʱһǿʼĻÿԸṩ׵Ʒһ𣿡
׵뷨ЩпգȴǳĿУ  ֻڲȷϼź쳽ԴĿǰĽչôˣ
˵Ͷ˾һľ̾
ͶԴɲģûиʮڸ治תġ
֮ǰΪӦ˵˵ģ߶ϼŵͶӦСС֣ͻȻúҲ  ˵һ쳽Դ˾𣿡׿ʵӦò֪
ǵ˵ֵʱɫѾǳ׵ıˣ




1072³쳽Դ
 

쳽Դ˵ͶʵһҰɣ
ɫͻ䣬쳽ԴνҵеһĨɫ  ԴȻչǼԵͻȴǳ١
쳽Դһ֮ǰոշһµĹܵأ
Ҫ˵ܵأڻкܶģдȶˣ
˵ĿǰܵҲһЩС͵ĵ豸棬ʲôġ
ֻСĵùܵض֧Ųס
쳽Դţƴˣ
һǷһΪ쳽һšĶأǿνˣ
쳽ԴڷѾϸصص㣬ǴһȷһװΪһ֣  쳽һŵĹܵأڵ£һֵʻһǧ  һǧʲôҲ˵һǧﲻҪͰ
쳽ԴţǸ½һ룬Ҳٹﰡ  Ҫ֪Ǵ綯ģѶҪ˷ѣֱɱһе  ׿ЩʵôˣҲ˵
һԵ½ʵҲһˣ˴ȭ֮⣬İþо  ӸղǸԽҰĸװ֪ڳǷǳӰˡ
½ɿЦŵ쳽ԴڿʱµŰ쳽һŵأֱ޵ˣ
ǰ֪쳽ԴоĹܹܵﵽһǧﰡһĻ˵ϯȫǿģ
Ȼ֪׷ּµˣⴿ綯綼ãֱӿǸͥӰ  ÿķʡĿɲǼٿǮǿüǮ  Ե˵쳽Դʱһ𾪣Щ±Ƶĸо
ѾƳ˰һ֪ҲЩʼ
йܹͨһ£Ȼ쳽ԴĻҸ˵ϼŵĹɼ۾Իᷭʮֹ
ƶ˵ʮ˵Щˣ  ǺǣϼĿǰֵ٣׿ʵ
˼һҵľˣҪͶʵĻҿٹɷݣȻҸһ׼ô
⵹ʡҲˣǺǣɣĿǰһжٵĹɷݣʵ
һʼϼó˰ٷ֮ʮĹɷȥƱгʣó˰ٷ֮ʮĹƱȥʣΪɼµֻع˰ٷ֮ʮҵĹƱĿǰԼֵĹƱǰٷ֮ʮң
׵˵Ļ϶ʵʵһʻǳɹ
ֻɼµϼŵӰʵЩӣ
ҪϼŵĿعȨأ׿ʵ
عȨ⡭θǲ̫һ㣿һϼŵй˾ǿǻʮѪŸɹİ
׿΢΢һЦӦҲ֪ϼĿǰĴɣǰٷ֮ʮĹɷݣʣµİٷ֮ʮţʱȫʲҪöö࡭
׿ɲǴţôȻĿģ  ҪһеĹ˾ϼô͹ȻҲֵĽˡ
οϲˣȻҪɷݣȻҪعɣ  Ҳļҵ˿ǰٷ֮ʮĹɷݣҲ׬ġ
˿׵ȻҵľˣǹɷҸ׵ġֻǰٷ֮ʮҵĹɷݣھͿҪعɣҪٷ֮ʮĹɷݣⲻܹ飡
ʲôʱĶһɣӦûҵȤġ׳ЦЦҲûбҪ̫
ҪȻɣҸҽԺղѾյĸ׵ĶţҸûˡҪȻʲôʱпգҸ׼һ棿
ʵҲ֪ϼôȥĻò˰ʱ䣬¾֧Ųסˡ
Ȼ׵ǳ𾪣֪Ҳϼŵ·֮һ
ο쳽Դƺλǧ˿Ƶϵܹ쳽ԴѰҵĻδزһõĳ·  ΢΢һЦŰɣһǾ仰ڣȻ̸⣬Ҳ̹һЩɾͺɾ
˰ԵӣҲʼȻˬ죡ȻȥҸףҪϢҴ绰Σ
û⣬ҵĵ绰ֱӱһ绰
һҲԼףֳҪͶʵ飬㼱Ҵҵĳ¥ȥ  ߵ¥¥ݿڵʱȴͨһ
׵˻ͷȥֻѾǸ¥ļײ˸صˤ˵ϡ




1073¼ɫ
 

˸£
ˤһ˲䣬һϤ뵽˵ĶУ
ǰһȭãϰӳ
ĳ֮Ҳðһ˿аĹâ  Ǿû°ɣ
һŻɫһײ֮ˣҲǰѯʵ
ŮײңҺܲǵɫеĿ¶һ˿Ц⡣
һԻɫӶ˵ô°·۾𣿡
ԡԲû°ɣ
վղײǸ˵ϣоײһϡ
оԼ廹һʹ  ǸղΪϵԼĸףҲŸϽȥҽԺԼĸף·ʱЩˡ
ڹ䴦һСľײǰˣ
Բ˵Բˣ֪ײʲôôǿǴĹɫӿЩֺ˵
˿ǸɫӵѾ˵˶Բ㡭Ҫ
Ǿ
ɫӿȥЩģһĶģ
ȣҵ¸Щʹܹһ࣬һһЩǿ˫۷Ź⡣
վڹԱߵļҲǹЦ  ֵ֣һεΪ˲μһһȵġ¡ıţ
ֻû뵽һιѵôçײŮˣ  Ů˵Ư˼Ҳǻ
㡭޳ܣ
ǸָԼĳλˢһͺ  ٺ٣֪λСհҽйһڣǼ壡һڿٺһЦ
һ¡
Ǹһɫеӣ֪ûаġ
Ҳһ˿ĺ£˱ըԵļ͹ԣڼطԣ֪˿϶һˡ
٣ô˵Сǲҹһڵˣ
һڵ¶һ˿â˵ļ޲ȥһڳԵ
һںܿһԵĻɫʹһɫ  ƺĳǱȻλСãǹһľ˻躣ҵƬ
ÿһ£ôȥĻҿɾҪˣ
ԼĻ躣ҲԵЩʧ룡
λС㣬бҪǣһǱδĶѡ֪ղײ˹ǾǾΪһεıײʧȥ˹ھĻǵʧжɣ
һ˶Ҫһţ˵Ҹо൱ã  ǵҪôҲײһ£ӦŮ˳Կǰɣһײ˵ĻҿҲòμӱˡ
˿ҲǻָƽʲôԼ߲о̴
Ѳĸҵ½ɺԼô  Ҳûӣ
һ뵽кȻ˵ķҲǱϬ
һߣλС㻹֪ǵŲţҸ㣬ֻ·ߣһ⹬ǾҽҩѣҲ࣬øʮOKˣڶ·ǾľƵڸڲԶĵطλСܹǾһ̵Ļǡ
ŲҸɧţ˿ɫѾǷǳѿ
ٺ٣СҲǸ˰ɣǹǾҲΪ󷽵ˣʱԲģİɣ
Ҳ֪ŮϲĲǮֻҪܹǮӦһжġ
ž  ڻЦ棬ΪԼ˹һڸԼʱһĶ쳹ȭݣ
һڣǰ˶û뵽ŮӣȻЩ˵ǰִˣ⵨Ҳ̫һɣ  ôȥأ飬۸׻ˣǶڵˣҴ㶼ģ
ƢʵȽϵĻ𱬣ֻ֮ǰΪ¥¼ȥЩˣ
ʵϣһеˣһʼ⹬һڵˣȷЩסˡ
عˣȻҲܸ躺ɫ
㡭ˣȻҴңǾԼͣȻЩµˣ
ôˣ㱨ץҰֻҪԺˣҽҩ㣡ʲô
ߣλСǴ㾴ƲԳԷˣ
һƺûаѻ躱Уƺ躵ıԼûκεĹϵ  ŹһЦһԭֻ֪û뵽ȻôײһôŰҪҽҩѣһҪءֲֻߣײһײ㻹˵ء
˸£
һŭ죬Լ˱ˣŮ˾Ȼ
һ˲䣬һѾԼ֣׼к˹  һ˾ȻҪ֣ҲŵЩʧɫ




1074±ŭ½
 

ǣס֣
½ɵ˴˿ѾվǰʵǸղŴһ̾ѾǱ˹ȥ
½ɵ˲δ֣ǾҪһڵҪʲô  ½Ҳû뵽񹬳һȻ˵
һʵʶģÿһﶼμӷµı
ֻõһγɼҲڵ
˵ʵƼĻ϶ʮҵġ
½ɣûκεĹϵÿŮ˴ҵľ˾͵Ǵҵ
һڴ˿ŭգоһĶˣ  ˿̣м˳˽ȥҲǹѵġ
ϾѾˣȭÿ춼ҪһǿȵѵܹԼ״̬
Щʱٳӵ״̬ҲǷǳҪģϾʵ£״̬һԵã
½ɿŹһЦһǣ׻ƣɲ
½ɣȴҵˡһڳ
ߣղŵֲûп˳Բѷһġ½ɳ
Ҫ㣬ҪǣĹܵ׻Ʒɱģ躿½ɼ˵
һŮ˴˻˼ߺɥذ½ɿŻȺͷǳ
һﻹΪԼĹоˣ  ⲻ֪ǵУһһɵ棡  Ҫ½ɰԼоֵݣҲ̲סȥһＸˡ
ˣǣ鷳ˣ
ʱһȭֿŹһƺڴкǿȥһ˿ζ
Τ˹أ
Աǵһȭ֣Ҳǡ¡ĳͣ
ʵϣμӱˣҲǱȽϵϤˣ
Τ˹ڷеóɼǵ
͵ĲಢرĴ󣬺ܶʱ򻹵ÿ
ǰļһʣµǰ˶һɷ֣
һںΤ˹һξ˵ǷͬһпܻϣΤ˹ؿΧô˲˹  ߣΤ˹أҵûйϵɣһڿΤ˹˵
ûйϵֻǹһ¹ҿⳳȥҲûиԼķȥȽϺá
Τ˹һ￴ȥֵģʵĻġ
ָָһԵ̨ʾ⹬һں½̨ͨһˡ
⹬һڸһģҪĸ½ɴһĻʱһܸʲôģǵʱԼһ
һһһں½ɴ򶷣ĿѾǲԶˣ  һûսԣ
һһﻹǸûӵĻôΤ˹ؼ򵥵һ£ֱӾϹˡ
㡭ʲôߣһڣ֪ΪǴĹھأ
½ɷŭĿ˿ļһ֮ǰйһսġ
ʱ½ɺ͹һҲǺ֮ѣϧܣ  ڵ½ӦòǹһڵĶ֣һҲһЩҲû̫ϵͳѵ  Ŷû뵽ô֣
һ˴󺺳˹ƺԵ÷ǳˡ

һˣҲЩ
û뵽ԼżôĲڶˣűӣҲһļ  Ȼ㣡Τ˹һҲһ
ľ޵ſɲİΤ˹Լһα˵ڶһھˡ
Ҳ֪һڵĹϵǳĺãһĻôߵĻЩûȤˡ
ֻǿ˿Τ˹أƺôһܿ㳯Źһڵķ˹
ԭǴԼͳ׷ѵһµģһڸ˵绰˵Ҫ˺һ£  Ϊָܹõ״̬ҲǴӦˣ
ȻˣһĿľΪ˸һɶѣ
ˣ鷳һɣһڿű˸к
鷳ҪҰæΤ˹һֲˣ
ЩɵĿ˿һԵΤ˹أҲ֪Τ˹ظһڷͬһ
ҿûУΤ˹ҡҡͷ
ŮˣײңһҵľˣԭҪѵһ֪ߵغŮˣֻû뵽½һﾹȻҪֹҡһָָ٣˵Ӧôأ
ȻҪǿͷĻǾʹһ˵Ӯ˵ģǵϹأƺ⣬ҿɻһѵء
һƲһ½ɵֻϧ׻Ƶ˶ͷڹ꣬ҲϹ򣡿ǲŻûժõ
Բۣʹһ˵
½ɳ׵ŭˣ⹬һٶԼ ɲǸϲ˵ˣ




1075סǿͷ
 

½ӣǧҪ嶯
ԭԼż񣬿ɵһһһ֮żԼ˲
żվҲǸżѣ
ԼʼԼˣżԼ֮һѡĻԥѡԼˣ  ׿˿½ɳ½ӣ²Ķ֣ȥҲǸ䰡
ȥ⻹ûأһͳ־Լ磿һĿɲһˣ׻ƣҽƴҲҪСӸۣ
½ɻĿһᣬսҲѾһ  ½ЩʱҲܹˣ  ˵ˣⲻһѣֲ౻һһΣ
ӦսӦսĻǲӦСӵĻ  Щŵܵ½ɵĸǰ½ӣԲ𣬶Ҳá
һ԰ڰֿܣûʲôõģղĶԣǳĶԣԸЩҪļһӦˡ

û뵽׾Ȼô˵Լһε鷳ԼоЩ˼ˡ
ǰ˵ߣԼһЩǲҪ۸Ůˡ
һڳ½˹Դ½ɵԴЦһٺ٣½ɣô˵ӦˣӦ֪ɣ
ҵĸĽǣˣҸʲôԣ˿ɲǾΧ֮ڡ
½ղž֪һʲô˼
һڿ½ɳˣ͹´ԼǶǲ򣬹
½ɵĶͷ¶ŭһһڣı̫֣
½ɣȻû£ǾͲҪǿͷһڹһЦԶߣ֪׻ΪʲôûиܹĹھΪЩǲ䣬
СӣѾ˵Ҳ´ͷ
״½ɵ˳ԭѵһһﴥĵߣ
˸£׻˾ϲ¿֮𣿣һȺһȺ򡭡һڿŭһ
½ɸԼţҲܹģ
ϾǶһεˣ¶ǳе飡  ǰݲļһȻҶԼô˵ⲻʲô  ˵ղҪִһŮˣЩ˵ȥ  ˣɾûôϧˣ  ˿ףٺЦһСӣȰûǲҪ˵ҪȻһķǳҡ
ͲҪˡ
½ЩŭĿףû뵽Ҳһң  ˿һƣҪԼʵѹһĻҲСԼļſ˵Ű裡
׿˿½΢΢һЦ׻֮ˣ֮ʣͦġ˵ˣҲǴСϰ䣬Ҫһﻹǲ
֪⡣ڲǴţʱ㻹˵ɡ
½ɳ׵ĶЩˣһﻹǲҪ  һڵʵǷǳģ׻иֿԴùҲָġ
ɾС壬ȥ˼һȭŪŹأ
׻˹Ȼֻһ죬С ȻĻҾ͸ᣡ㲻ҡ
һҲǱĲᣬȻһëͷСӸˣ  δ䣡  һھѾǳһ¥̨ķ˹ȥ
һԵΤ˹ؿ˿һڹһЦкϷˣ
Ҳ΢΢һЦȻ񾫲һЩΤ˹ҪȻǶһģǵ׼ȭ԰һ̨
Ҳһȭ͹ˣΤ˹ؿЦ˼һֵҲµһ
һ˳˹ȥ
˿ڶ¥ϣԭӦ½ɺ͹һڶԴģȴ׸һڣ  ̫嶯ˣѲ㿴һʵ𣿸ֱ½ɳ
һԵЩǵĿ׵ִ磬Щ˿ɶְҵѡְ㡭а𣿡
֪Ϊʲôĵ滹ǾԼִܣ
һԵ֪Ӧ˵ʲôˣ˼ҸովԼΪԼְҵѡַ˳ͻ  һǲԵȵĽȥĻһȭмܲס
ϾһȥˣɾͲǿ죬ǿȭͷ˵ˣ
׿΢΢һЦһûˣҴ˵ɡСӵ̫ˣҵøһáĻ䣡
״ȥӣ½Ҳһƣ  һﻹŰΪһǹһڵĶ֣Ϳ֪ˣ
Сִ絽ôİ̫嶯ˣҿǸϽϵһ120Ȼɣ˿ŪҪ°½ɳ
ɣʿˮҪǳǿܲˡ
ʧֲûйǻ鷳ģ
½̾һ˵ʵҲֻܹܻһ㣬ƲԾˣ




1076ŵĹһ
 

ȭֲ  ⼸ȭֲ֮Ҫ˺ܶˣҲһЩ˿ĽҪԼżߴȭ  ʵȭ˶İҲǷǳĹ㷺Ѫ಩ɲںܶгǷǳĹ㷺ġ
ɲҲѾΪһʽ£ԹעҲԽԽߣ
棬ȻҲǵٮٮߣ  һڡΤ˹ص˶ҵڵٮٮߣ
ʵϣ֮ǰյͽҲҵˣֻǽƫѣ
ҪĺúõĸһµĻξĿԳΪһְҵѡˡ
ʱȻɸְҵѡȣʵ໹һЩġ
쿴˰
ǰҿ͹һǳ߹ˣҹһںŭڵӣ
ѲһҪһһﲻҲðǲƤɣ
ӦòܣⱫһڹϵͦõģѲΤ˹أһһڷֵľһ鰡лҲģ
£ԭǱߴȭ˿ʼϵĲ²
ֿԿ˭Ҳĺûģ
𱬵ĳ˵ܹ̼Ѫһ飬˭˭пġ
һڳм̨һԾϣЩĿŵµ½ɺף
½ɺ׼ͬʱִߣһԵ½ɻ̲סһο׵ҿȥɣ
Ĺ׿½ʵ
½ɫһǸҡȻ򲻹Ҳлᰡ㡭
½ɵ˼ѾˣѾȥһȭͱ˸̵ˣʱǸӵĶˣ  ׿½ɵһɵ˵һְҵѡˣҪȥ˵ʱ϶һ䲻ǣȥˣˣҲѿ
ĻԼɵÿˡ
½ʵЩ첻µزµļһ
֮ǰһһƴɵļƣʵǿְҵѡ֣ǸӣѲͲ֪ʲô
һվ̨ϣΧѾ˿  ½ɺĥĥӣЩͷ˵׻˭˭һϽģҵʱ䣡
ôżȥͶ̥Ҳżһʱɣ΢΢һЦ
ߣСӣһҰһſŵĸҵҪ˵᲻ô
һ¶һ˿ɭȻЦݣڼԼе߶תһֶ  ǲпܵĻһôġ
׸ǵˣ  ˿̣Ѿ̨ղŹһΪ˧ĵ̨ʽ̨ͬԵЩ׾ˡ
ݣ
µıѾǵ̨ˣԼָУһ̵ĶĤĿѾ쳹Χ  Τ˹ؿ˿Ҳ˷ܰ
ٺ٣ǵȻЦЦȻĶŹһڵǣ׻ƵСӺŰҪȻ㻨
ҪкϷˣС˭Ȼͷƣ
˭֪أҪ㻨ĻǾеĿˣ
ǰ֪һǻôأ
ĿԴɣ׻ƺͲԸҹһο¡
һһε滨ɲѡֵĲĵǱ
ν滨Ūͷֻ߸Է¹ǸʲôģֻҪ˫Эͬͳɣ
һ˱ĻҲ¶һ˿ɭЦݵСӣҲ㻨
治𡭡ʼ
һһ㶣漴Ц˼治𣿺ߣ治ˣһ𣡡
ʵڹһ˵ǮǷǳġ
һÿĻҲ൱ľˣʵϱ׬ö࣬ҲǳĴ
ԣڹһ˵ǮĶ
һβμӷµĴܹǿǰʮҲһĽ
ҪܹͨһγͻõһĻ̫ˡ
һû⣡΢΢ͷʾͬ⣬ŹһڼܹǮģ߶⣡
ˬ죬ǿʼɣЩȲ¸£
һһ׾ȻӦˣ˸оԼѪҺڼ٣  óһ㣬Ҫеʾɣ׿Źһڲм˵
˸£ѵ𣿡
һһķŭ׵裡  һԵıһЦȻ滨ܵ׻˵ʲôɣǲǾϲ𣿹ǣһȱ֮ɵôȥʶʶ׻ƵŮ
û⣡һھ˾֣Ȼ׵˵ɣϽ˵꣡
ˣҺҵѵǸȻ׿ŹһڣĨһ˿֮ɫ  ׻ߣ֮




1077±ȶеġ⡱
 

̨֮ϣ
һڵžĸ¸죬׾ǿһ߱ʬһ㣡  ׻ȻԼ¹Ǹ
ֻ˵˵ҲѾǴĽɣֻǸ߹壡  ׻֮ˣе  Сӣ˵һ飿һڿףоһ㣡  ׿Źһ΢΢ҡͷ˵Сӣû뵽㾹ȻǸм˰˵۾㲻ˣ
˸·㡭
һڸоԼķζըˣΪȶûʽʼǰ˺һ
ʲô㣿ӦʹӦӦʹӦôϻҪ㲻ҴӦĻҲûˣݰݡ
ߵĶʵڴ̼һ
ºܶ˶סˣһǵ̫˰Ѳ֪ŭ˹һڵĺ  һеƣһ˵еĸ֣  ôһﲻǸ֣治֪СӵŴðģ
̨棡
½ɺ˶ĿɿڴĿˡšף
ǵģһǾԿһ˵ŶѾֱ  һλְҵĳ֣˵ˣ½ȫϵͳ񶷹ھˣ˼ǰҲ°ܽ
ô˰ǲ̼ܵˣʿˮһĵǡ
һԵ½ɰһ׵һǲ֪ôдЩְҵѡǵԸǳĻ𱬣һŭǺ룡
Ҳǳ˵ǣǵҡִӦûӮģ
Ӯ˵Сħ˰Ӯ𣿾Сѧһ书Ϊõʲô񹦻զΰ
½ҲһɸֵӣȻҲⲻҪ  һ仰˵ĺãʶʱΪܣ
һһ㶼ʶʱ񰡣ڿ⹬һɱһҲԼеӲһ  һĵ˲ʰľ棬ҲֻܹԼְȨˣ  ҪǳĻ²ҪؾֵӦҲǸԼû˰ɣ  ҡЩƿԣʵûˣ
Ȼһֱִܣǳ֪ǰĹһʲôˣ
ְ֪ҵѡֵ½ɹܴ˰ɣѰʮ׳¶֣  ˵ĸǰһĽ
̨룡  һڿŭһãҵҪôӮң
ʱһŲзε׳ӳ˹ȥ  Ͼ泡ֺ¶ݵĵطͨıȶҲǷǳϹصġ
ɽȭֲṩģߵĲдҲŷġ
Ͼкܶ඼ִµģǷǳרҵ  ׼ˣǾͿʼɣ
еҲһᳵ·ˣһѾǴȭףҲǳ
ֻ׵ĴŸǹȭģһѧһ㡣
һ˶װ֪ĻΪμɳܵء

иһ˵ʼһھͬһ㣬ȭͷƿնһ
һѾǱ̫ˣҪһ︶ʹĴۣ  ȻŪһȱ첲ȣǾȡˡ
ִ磬Сġ
ƺЩ͵ӣҲǼֱŵ
ƺŻعŹһڵȭͷҲһ㿪ˣ
һڿԼһȭգҲһֱܿӳ׵ĸǰ˹  Ʈݣһ㿪˹һڵĹ
֪
һڿײϵĶԼĽ̬Լ꣬Сӻĸһ㣬û뵽
ԭΪһȭͿԽսڿȥСӵٶȻǿԵġ
׿ŹһΪƵЦŵѲվɵȱһ
ҿܶ㵽ʲôʱ򣡡
һһݣȭһεĳ׵ĸǰ˹ȥ
ٶȡǱһڶˮ׼  飡
һһϲΪоԼȭͷѾǴףûüϲ  Ϳ׵Ľߵ֮ϣ  ԭޱȵȭͷһղסˣһڵȭֱӳһֱ˶ȥ  䣡
ԭǱִĲУһһȭͷֱӴȥˣ
һӰˣ  Ϊ˶û뵽ȻһҪ֪Źиݹֱġ
⹬һڲ˲УֱһȭѲиĻȥˣ  ˾ô㶵Ŀų룬ƺһӶ֪˵ʲôˣΪǼûôЦԷǵĳ棡
⣬Ե⣡  ܶһ̶Щɵˣбڽȭֲʷϻûз飡  ˿ŹһڵΪͬ顭




1078±ġǿߡ
 

أ
λ±һĵ˵ϣ˶Ǳߣ
ܿ죬˶Цˣ
ǱΤ˹صȲѡ֣Ǽû飡
βУ
ʽУǿҪֱȡʸġ
ȻڲʽζǲܱŹġ
һҲ̫ùһɣ
죬ǹǵӣҲһͬ飡
Ȼ֪⹬û⣬û뵽ƫƫʱ˵۶ӣ
ֱ˱డ
ҿЦˣùĿûмôùİһǸһӦ˰ɣֻЩ̫һЩ
Τ˹ҲԼĶӿЦֱһ澰
⹬һ˵ĻĵĿ¾ˣ  ΢ۿųǵȷˣɲУп϶жⳡֻҸһﱨ˰
Ϊһǿͷ²̫ðɣΤ˹ѵ
мĿ˿Τ˹صʲôǿҵĺֵܣæҿ϶ҪġһһĶע𣿹
˭ҲǮģҲһ  һȻ˵̫ǮСҲ⣡  ϰװ׵һᣬŵĻ̫ϧˡ
˵ˣʱһ̸ĻͲһôˣ
Τ˹ƲƲ죬űӣҲһҡͷ
һǼ٣Ҳǿһˡ
ʵһĵֺֹأΤ˹ضˡ
ֻⱫѾҲû˵ʲô
̨֮ϣ
һһ±ƵĿǰĲУϵļⲻסĳ鴤ţҲ̫׼һɣ
ɲΪǶΪ֮һ⣬Ե⣡  һˣ㾹Ȼˡ
½ɵѾſ̨֮ϣһ˷ܵĿףΪ˴Ĵָ  Ȼϳ𾪺Ͳţʵ  һڿ½ŭû䣬ⲻǸѣǵıŸոտʼ
˵һ㻹Ҫ𣿹򶼲֪㻹ȸʲô˾ˣ䲻ͲҪ̨زҶҶӦöɣһеĶѡ֣˵˵ǵ˭Ӯ˭䡭
½ɿű֪ʱ϶ҲϹ˵Ҫ֪ҲǱŵġ
˲˭Ҳûк³
ôˣҲʱ̻һڣ  Ҫ۾˵ϹȥĻԺ˵ĿԼ
Ȼ͹һѣ԰һﱨȴܰˣ
ԼݣߵǰǣŹУչѾˡ
ղҲģֻǸ⣬һССѡ
ʡŭ  ڹһڵϣûطƣһһǳ׵ľˡ
Ǳߴҡڵӣ޲һͱһŽأ֪ܣ  Ȼ⣬ɫһĲҰף
¶ɫ̯˫ֵҵֵܣȻǸ⣬Ǳȶ̫Ĳȷأ֪ʵǿһȶѾˣ
̨λеҲƺ˶  Ҫ֪ܹﵱеģʾûģ˶ݵĻ֮ǸҲǻλƵվ
վһ̣ŭѾдϣŹһڽŭYou,Out
٣ӮˣǲЩ̫˰
һǷģһԵĹһں޲ȥһţϧҲ֪⶯ֵĺ
׻֣бһ
һŭһдŷŭı飬ôʵ̫ˣҪսһҪһﳹ׵ĸۣ
׿ŹһЦһ˵˾ûеƷô֮ӦöԼղŵĶԼ𣿡
˸·⣬û䣡
һʵѹҲû뵽Լ䣬ҲûԼ¹ԣ  ĵڹϣʼƤˣˣ  ղһһĺţڿֻһǾ㰡ײм˵һûУҲҪĻֱ¥ȥˣʡ߶ۣ
ɱ㣡
һھ׼һεĶ֣ʱǸҲŭˣ
ŹһڵѾ˾ˣҪǸҶ֣Ų˰ǵĳ涪ȥʲô⣡
ߣСӣȻˣҲԼʵʵӮġҲҸұһӮˣùǸ¹ǸˣΣ
ʱվ˳ô˸оһֳûٵζ
޳ܣ  ʵ̫޳ˣҲû뵽ļһﾹȻ޳ܵȾ磡
˿˵˵Щ治ҪǼٲҪѾˣѾҪ¹ǵǸˣΪʲôҪȣӮ˻һĽ˻һɵɵ




1079޳ܱ
 

̨֮ϣ׵Ļ  һԵ½ҲΪͬĵͷ˵û⹬ѾˣҪԼŵԣȶģ滨Ҳġ򲻹ͲϣȻڻһˣʲôʱǸͷΪɲİߣҶǸе죡
ǰԭʵûʲô飬νĸһֱҲ磬˾Ͳˣ¶һռˡʱҲǸоһĴģ
ȻӮЩ˸оͷԣӮ˾Ӯˣ  
׾Ӯˣǿɹܲţ
ִ磬ǲùˡ˵Ļ϶׷ƨɺҪһɣһЦ
˵Ļһ͵ˡҿɲ˲˵Ļɫ
׿˿ˣҲһȻһҪǿͷĻҲ
ֻעɾͲôˣ
κˣҪñ˵ʹԼĿ֣ôͱҪгʹ׼
ʲô
ԭɫѾɵ׾Ȼû˵Ҳ˳Ż
׿űȻҪΪһͷҵǿԸᣡ
ִ磬Ҫ
ո˵һ˿һεϰ
ǱһŪĹˣҪôµĻҲ֪Լൽܲܳܵˡ
ǧҪ˵ĵǰ˾ǿҲǳ
ƵĪһԵ½ˣ׵Ļûһϲ  ոջΣûüˣһﾹȻִӦ˱
Ҳ˵Ⱬһڲһεĸ֣ǸղӮ˹һҲǷǳĽҰ  ʵЩܲˣ˿һƵ˵Ĳ˵ʲôˣ㡭
׿˿½ɳ½ӣⶼ۸ſˣܾôΪһ׻ˣǲͷҲɣ
ã
һƱ׻Ƶͬ׵ĻǷ׷׶˴Ĵָ  ˣҲҪӲй  ׵Ļ˵ǵĿ棬ûʵĻվˡ
ߣСӣȻӦˣǾͿʼɣ
ԭɫ˲һƬʣһĨײЦ
ȻҪģɲ˵ҸոոǸƤҪ˲űȶ̫ʱҴ⡭
˵Щоȥһ!  һԵ˿ϹĹѣһ˹ȱһС˰  ͸ղҲ̫  ӣһεĺߵ㡭⻹û¾
ɣˣҵ㲻ӦĻҿûйڡ
˵Ѿһ˿ݷζ
ã˵
Щҧгݵ˵ĵһһҪһʮٱĽܳͷ
׺ٺһЦܼ򵥣ˣһո󣡣ҪӮˣøһµǸ
ǲǡЩƽû˵꣬׾͵ûּۻ۵أӦ˾ͱȣӦҿɾˣ
ãҴӦ㣡
ʱҲǱ׸ɹļŭˣں޲ֱһһ
һڿűҴһ⸶ʮ𣡡
OKû⣡
һװ׵ֶʮҲһ̵ġ
Ȼûа˼·һվǱԼ̼ϵ˲ǣ
ʵڳôҲ룬Ѳɲ֪Ⱬ߹һڵ  Ϊʲô֪һôǴӦ˶Լأ  Ӧֻ֣
һ־Ǹɵӣ֪ߵغ񣻵ڶǾǶԼʵžԵģ  ղŹһڵǴνʧ˾ȻǳԵΪʧ
һѹ˵ĸ֣  һںͱǱһټǶԼʵ֮ţʹ۵Ϊ׾ԲǵĶ֣  νģ  ̨֮ϣ
׺ͱĶԾΪ˵Ľ㣡  һߵֱ֧Ϊһľ޵ĳƺš
ڷ½һǿˣôôȥأ
ʼ
ǸùĲһ£Լ˵̨ıԵԶԶģ
ȶʽʼ  һ䣬ֳһ˿ɭЦݣ
䣡  ȭͷǳŵڵһֱ׵ţһȭǰһҪ飡  Ҫ֪һȭǼֵһʮ
˿űȨͬʱסԼ۾Ϊǿһȶ  ֱڣǶΪʲôҪⱫȣ
ľ޵ɲֵܹͨסģ
ǰСӸղѾôˣû뵽ȻҽⱫսֱ
ΪղŵˣһԼΪŰɣ˿ɲģѲָʲô漣ɣ
漣漣ôĻǾͲ漣ˣûпǲѾǶԶԶ𣿡
ҲһЦ֮ϾղһĻǳĺ
ȻҲǳֵֹĴν޼
ȥɣ
ȭҪ׵һ㣬Ǳȥޱȵľˣ
ֻһ̣ȴһǶо飡
׵ȭͷȻֱӸľޡӲˣܹ¼֪ͣһĻжô˳Ծˡ




1080¹£Ǹ
 

һǲǷˣⱫǿ쳣ǿ
ǰɲУҪܱΨǧһ
ԭһΪСǸˣղŸһڽֵʱҿͦģ
ҪһȭȥĻֶҪ˰ɣ
ԭΧ۵˶Ϊ׻ɶԱû뵽һֱҪȭͷ⣡  ľޣ
ǰ׸𣿱ΪĿɾ  ½ɿ׵ӣҲ΢΢̾һСӳˣ
ִ硭
ҲǾһҲû뵽׾Ȼһѡ
ǿѡӦһѡˣ  ̨֮У
׵Ƿһ˿˿ЦȭҲѾǳűķֱȥ  䣡  ȭ
һǲ뵽˵ĶУһƺˡ
ǱܵΪ׵ֶˣ  ûеȵǵ̾ϢһεĶ
һֱһųű˹ȥ
Х
أ
һƵ룬˱׵һŸֱ߷ɣ
ڿתʮ֮󣬺Ȼ˵ϣ
ЩɵۣǱܵ׵ĸǰ
ȥʲôǡ
ĻľôСѧأ
ҸоǸðƻĲбҿǿİԲӣ
ҲţЩ߸ҵ˰
µһĵʵû뵽龹Ȼչز
ԭΪѹ׵ıһ̾Ȼͷأֱˣ  1,2,3
Ǳ֣ŵʱǱƺ˦˦ͷ
һԵĹһڿǰľҲʿˮ
ǿ籫ȻһˣѲɸղǸһǹģ
һ뵽ߣЩëĸо  һвǼϣԼжǴģŵزıŭȵôһһأ
ƺ˹һڵĺҪԼĸ첲Լ壡  䣡
ոճһ룬˫һһεĺȻף
10
пⱫһεĵ˵ϣȻ𾪲ѣǺԼһ֣
к10ֵʱζűѾǳ׵İˣ
࣡
½ɺ˻һۣгǷ˼  ⡭Сλʲôͷôôţ
½ŵˣһֱΪ׾Ǹͷ࣡  ڻͷ룬˼ʲôͷడб  ֻղ˼ҵ͵ѣڿǱ͹һڵɫδһ̸оôˬ
һ˿ζʵ̫ˡ
Ҳʿˮ½ӣҡһǲִ֪ôֻ֪ģû뵽
бҪʦѧհ̫ˣ½Ĵָ
˿̵½ҲΪңΪʲôأΪ֮ǰһѵʱҲǱһӾġ
ԭҪȭݵĻһ
ֻʧ¥Ȳ½ɴ뷨
룬ûз飬һаԼȥĻڱȱҲò˶ٰɣ  һ뵽أ½ɵľȻһ˿ϲ
һȭһţ˼Ҫݵ˼㣡
ôһ˰
иоһܵҪţ֣  ţҪԼ˾ͺˣƫƫԼýõѣҲֻܹһ̾Ϣˣ  ˿̼˵Ҽˣû֮һֱǳӢۣ
ܵĽӢۣǷǳĳݣ  һϲҳ  ˿һߣǹһڼ̱˵ϣϵһį
׻Ĵ̨֮˿ѾǱȺӵ
Ϊ⣡
˶׵ĿȻҲʵĺܣ  ׿Źһ£Ǹ
㡭
һڴʱѾû֮ǰôţȡ֮һĲҰף
׿Źһڵ˵һ飬µǸͲǹôˡ
ͨ
һڵ˫ȴһ˿Ĳ վŵ¹Ȼ˽ӵʱ䣬ĵֲʺͷŭ  ԲҴˣΪҸղŵǵǸһ¹һ̣ҲѾȫ
Ժҿ׻Ƶϳ֣ҼһδһΣɣ
һһ׵Ļɴһ㣬һʧȺ֮У
ǸҲòȥ𣬵ô˵棬Ҳǲòó  ʱ׺½ɵҲǰ뿪˽ȭֲ  µģһδ棬һαɲʷļѻ




1081ļ
 

ĳߵסլ  ԭȥԷΪĸ״ҽԺתѣȻؼˡ
ȥǼҳԷ˳ҲʶһԼĸף
ʵղʱѾԼĸͨ绰ˡ
Ҳû˵׾ȻҪԼϼŰٷ֮ʮĹɷݣ
һ죬˵νǵ  ҪؼңҲҪصԼĸƽһԼ顣
ĸһļУ
˿ĸڼչԼͷӣļұȽϵĿ
ϾǼҲһǮļͥˡ
ֻǵ·ѣձǼӵһױǲֵġ
裬һˡ
ԼĸףгΣ
һԼŮ৵һ˳Ҫ¥ʱѾιȥüˡ
˻ǿԿóȦ׵ӣ  Сɲ벻
ֱһѱסԼŮҲ֪һ׶ԼŮ˾޴ѹ
ôҲû뵽ԼŮȻ߼ˣ  С̫ɵ˰ʲôܱҪ
ʱԨһ˳ۿ֮ˮסٴת
ΪˣΪĸף˿ǿŲԼˮ
űԼŮһ۵˵СˣҲͲˣΨһ밡
ĻʱˮѾǴʪգ
ͨ
ԼĸĸסĿͷ裬ŮТԺŮԲĴˣǷģһúõĻȥһúõТϵġ
ɵӣֻҪžͺˡԨĨһᣬȻ˽Сǲ˼ǿЦˣ
Ԩ壬Ľû¾ǽԴϲӦø˲ǰ
лл㣬ǼС֮ǰ˵ˣӦþСӰɡ
ףҪ¹ֱһѷ̣ҿܲû¾ˣһǲԲȵģ
ִ磬㡭
װѻ˵ôֱףҲһƣ  һԵ½ɿҲǹһЦԲҲ˵ôֱװɣ
ԨҲǹһЦѾ׼ˣҪȻǱ߳Աģ
ҵЩˣ
Ҳ΢΢һЦʵΪ˷ɢһע
һֱôŵ״̬ʵҲһ²ǣ˵ˣһ˿޿ģҲ˼ߴˣ
׵ѾԨҵĲ֮УһİᣬһԲӦΪ˷ڼд˵ģ
ԨصóԼ˲ҺȻ׺½ɵ˾ƣ  ƹѲ˹ζ  ˵ĻϻҲĴˣϾһӲϤϤḶ́  ȥȭݵ˶ûἰ
С֮ǰ绰˵ԷҪ̸ǰɣ֪ҵʲôأ
ԨῴףҲ΢΢һЦʵ
Ķûи˵𣿡ЩĿ˿ʵ
ʼѰ˼ǷҪȹ˵Ҳһġ绰кܶҲ˵
ȻĻĶҲֱ˵˰׿ԨЦŵ
ԨһֵŮľˣǶǼҾǶͬ찡ֻҪʲôҪܿڣֻҪԨܹģԲһüͷ
֣ŵ˵ɡһѵʵ˵ȷļԽܡ
ϼԼĸ״ʱڵ̯һɹġ
Ȼѣһٷ֮ʮĹɷݣԽܵġ
ôˣ˵ʲôԵ𣿡Ԩῴʵ
һԵҲǳСô˵ҿ㸸˵ĶԣֻҪܹģһ岻ݴǣ
ĶҾЩ֮ΣĸоҸ̸ϵ飬˹ˣ⡣һһЦŵ
⣿ҲģһΪǸѧأԨЦŵ֮⻹̸𣿲˵ʵϼ˲СѣһӦҲ֪ģҪĻǺʱ򣡡
֪ϼΣĶǲתϼŵĹɷأ
׿Ԩ΢΢һЦʵǲչϼţʱһ쳽ԴʽͶĻҲҪһԼ̥˾ġ
һλˣܹһѣҲܹΪԼҵһô㡣
תùɷݣԨҲû뵽׾ȻôֱӣЦʵ֪ҪٵĹɷأ
ٷ֮ʮ׿ɫѾЩ仯Ԩ΢΢һЦ




1082޻ڣ
 

ٷ֮ʮĹɷݣ˵Ҫôɷݸʲô
Ԩῴףг֮ɫ  ҪԼҵĽడ
׿Ԩ΢΢һЦҪչһҵר̥Ѿܶ˵ˣ
ͷ֣ģ롭
Ԩ֮һľ㵣׵û뵽쳽ԴҲйϵ
еϵɣпҴĶһǵĸˣҲǫ˵
Ԩһʵɷݶ˵Ͳ嶼һģϼžӪȥˣ֮Ҫˣ˵Լˡֻһֻаٷ֮ʮĹɷݡ
ôأ֮ǰ˵üͷ  һԵ˿׵֮ǰиûиʱͨҰְǴɶаٷ֮ʮĹɷݡɵҰֳ˾ʱ򣬸Ҵ󲮰ٷ֮ʮɷݣϾǸʱҴ󲮼ҵãԡ
΢΢ͷԭ£ĶҪ˰ɷһ˿ɾûкҩˡ
ǺǣνϼŷչزҲҵû뵽ġȻҶϼи飬ŷƮҡһҵŮûⱲͼɶͼĲܹԼź𣿡
ԨҲижϼŲһ㺦ԼŮŸоѾûôҪˡ
ԨЦŵ֣ͬ߾û⣡ˣ֮ǰһֱҪԼĹɷҪȻ͸绰ˣ
ԨͷͨԼĵ绰  һ绰绰ͷžһ˵ԨɫҴҵ˵˼Ȼ͹ˣ
Ԩ绰֮Щ˼˵ƢãȥǼţҴ˵ŹȨתȥأ
ղѾ˶Ÿ쳽Դˣǵĸ˾ڽأһɣ
׵ͷⶫҲһʱģ
㷹֮׵˸ԨļУ
ļұ棬׺·ϣ˿̵½ѾԼݳȥ  Ҳ֪Լڻߣݾ̫һ㣬ȻЩвʣҲѾʵ
ףǳ׵ķˣ
ôˣҪȻȥǣ׿ٺһЦСҲ֪ʲôء
һ׵ĻܵİһܿҲʶԼЩ̫ˡ
ЦеӣҲֱͨͨ
Ҳ֪һ׻ȥζʲô
ҧҧðɣһûȥִļء
һŹݣ
˱ڵһɳϣ˵˫ʵɽ壬Ҳʿˮ
һ˾ӵģҸ㷿ʰһ£Ǽҷͦģһ°
ɫͨ죬ȫ׼Źġ
׾ȻżæŵȥԼʰ̣Ҳǿ׵ıӰߣǸļһľԴ
ʲôһ⻰˾Ǵ˼Ѫһ˷ܣ
˵ʵʶܾˣȻ˵ǵĹϵһֱûʲôչҲÿһμԼʱƺǷǳ
ײǲܾòô£  ˵ġȻһļһͱŻ˼ء
ܿ죬һЦݵЦЦŮִȥδķ䣿
δķ䣿
˿ҲһС¹ײһۣȻ֪Ҫʲô
¥ĳڣһټĴЩ谵ĵƹ⣬˸оʲô鶼Щϧˡ
״˽˫ִ˫֮ϣײһ  ˽ߣ
ƺЩӦĽԼͷȥҪ˫ںһ𡭡
ȥϴ衭
׿ЩţԽԽ˫æ֮ܳ˷䡣
Ҳϣʲôǵ˹ؼʱЩԲ
׿ǽεӣҲһȣ
أҲߣ˴һˡҧҧоԼаԽԽˡ
ˣܵĴУҲòȥ  Сʱ˳ԡ  һͷĳɢķ֮֬ϣһƷ˿ϣһС
Ǵ˫ֻɼˣȴҲס˵Ľ
˿̣͹ĳ׵ĸǰӯӯһյ΢΢̵ķΣʱ̲ڴ̼˵ĺɶɡ
׵Уһһ㣬ĳԼǰ
ƺһֺѵĸо
࣡
ҲЩ̲ס̿ˮ׵һ۵۾￴ִ硭

ҲԵķһ̾Ǹ˿˾ǺѰѳֵסİɣ  ƺϰôԼ׵ĿޣҲǺɵ̧ͷҡִ磬㡭ϲϲ
ϲ㣡
֪˽εεһŮվǰΪһôܹܵأ
ҲͦϲģҲİԼļС
˵˻ƣҲᾡľġ
ʵ˵ҲһԵɡ
صưɣִ磬¹⡭
˵֮Ǻ͸˵ƻһ㣡  ׿Լһ˿ʵ㲻𣿻кܶŮˡ
ִ磬޻ڣ
ȥԼϵԡۣĳ֣˿̷ѾһƬڡ
׿޻ĸֵʱҲ̲סˣ
һҹ裬ҡ߮




1083ĵ
 

ڶһ磡  ӻ˯оѵʱȴԼѾûˡ
ѧҽģ˵ԼǴ֮ĵһ֮Ӧǻʹ·вʲŶԡ
ԼȻûκεĸооԼľκʱҪá
һ뵽ַһεͨ  ֻףоһʧ  ȻûиԼ˵̫Ļмȴ֪׻Ůˡ
ΪκһŮˣԼ˻Ů˵ʱжǲġ
Ȼ׼ɿ˯ԼˣһѾˣбжôܣ
ɿĴ·ϾҪϰģ
ϰĻô½ǿҲͻԼǲ׸ɻˡ
¥Ϸɿĳ¥ʱȴǱչʾԼĳա
˵׸û˯  һ磬˯ܳȥһЩϾʱûĶܳˡ
ִ磬㡭㶼˰
ףģȥһŮ˵ġ
ִ簡ٺ٣׿ˣҲЦŵȥˢϴҵա
š
ɿĵͷȻ䣡
һ̸оԼҸģڸղһ˲䣬Ժÿ춼ǲһҸأ
ܿ죬Ѿϴ֮Ŀʼͣ
֡ϡϹĺúӴ
һϹ֣һεĺȻѾֻ꣬Ǹո׹밮ӵŮ
׹һֵϲͶԵ㣬ҹеҪ䲹
㡭ܲ㰡˵ġ
ףԼĶͷȻһεıȻ˵ɫһĺ졣
Цŵ˵Ҫ֪Ҹ㡭
Ҫ
һҪԼүү֪ ҡҡͷ
ôˣҵŮˣ㲻᲻Լ֪ɣ׿ʵ
ǲҪҡҾŮ˾ͺˣǡ
ӣЩ˼ɵģƺ֪顣
ôˣ׿һΪѵӣҲΪۡ
ûʲôϹҳ緹ϰءƺҪ⡣
׿ô£㲻˵ҿҪ˰
׵ĻҲһǡǸ㲻ǻŮһүү϶ǽġҡֻǵ߲㣬ҡûʸġ

ĽԼĻУеĵһһڵĿʼι  ǵľٶĽΪ׸оЩԲԼ߾ԼȽϵĿ
ʵϣ׻Щ̿ԼŮΪԼ˵
ףһֹֻ׵ĲӵûµģǼҶҵĻǶǳֿ̬ȵģⱲӲ˾ͺˡ
Ůˣ
ִҹ㣬ΪԼȻѡ˵жôأ  ˮģŵ˵ȻмŮˣҲ̫ģ߾˵ûµģҵġ
Ͽɲ磬Լϵ
ֻЩһүүģ⡭ôܣϹǲ˵
׹һֵʲôط⼸ͲҪϰˣϼŵˣһȥϣ
ҡҺ£
ƶӣûе  ԼүүǴͳҽѧҳ˵һܴͳˡ
ԼҪ׵ˣľˣҲǲӦġ
Լүүһ۵㣬ֱȵ컹Ҫˡ
Ųң׿ʵ
ЩҡҵȻ˰㲻֪үүƢƽʱͿģΪҽҲȹһβһ֪ԼŮ
İɣ˵ˣҲమʲô׵Щͨ졣
˵ʵЩʱ򶼸оԼԼҵĽôĲ԰ƺЩƲסԼġ
Դ˵һ֮ӶƺЩͣĽ࣡
ÿһζԻԼˣҪܵ׵Լ
ʵϣÿζǸоһھΣ
Ϲ㡭ĴȥҰǶҶˡ
ϰµģĶʲô鶼ôֹ۰  ׿΢΢һЦ齻ҾˣǳȥϼŰɣĶѾ˵ˣиҲǱߵǡ




1084侮ʯĴ
 

ϼţ
ڽҵڣռ٣ΪȾ⣬ֻܹڹҵε
Ԩİ칫ڣ
˿һԨῴȥҪһЩɳϣԱ߻ˣ
ֽԨͣԨ״磬һĸͬ  ԨͲǹϵһˣΪԼĵܷܵˣҲ͸մˡ
ԼĹɷˮǳĲģ  ԭԨǴԼĶϼŵܲõģԨȴԼֻжʮŮǿλˡ
ԨΪĲˬϼ˥ܳӣȻҲʦˡ
ԨᣬôҲøɶһЩ˰ɣԨͿԼĵܵܳ
һһȥʮӳ壬ϼߵزҶҪҪôȥĻеĹɷݿ¾ͻΪһѷֽñž޶ծ˰ɣ
ֶһֱڹ˾θܲãӦ֪ϼڵĴɣԨῴԨ͸ͱ˵ӣҲǷǳ
ԼĴȣΪԼĸľأԼķԣȻȻĸԼĸٷ֮ʮĹɷݡ
ԨһʼԼܻܵǸжµģ鶼ǾľԹԣ
ԴĶӽĳ֮θƺҲԽԽ
ԨԨᣬ˵㣬Σû취顣СܲãǼԹġǼĺȻ˵ѧûСߣӦġ
Ԩ磬ĺҵȻĸȴȽϵĵͣҪҲΪá
ΪҺã㻹ǶҺðΪŮͿŸӻڿϼѾŪʲôӣ
Ԩ͵ĶĺһŭĿԨᣬȻҲ
ʵϣһֱڣֻԼװ칫ҵϢڣ  ԭҪһģԨ˼Լӣû
ϾĺĹϵȻˮݣҲǻ࿴˳۵ġ
ټĻƢ֪һ϶ǳġ

ԭһֱţߵʱҲ̲סˡ
ֱƿţ˳  ָԨ͸󲮣һκ󲮣һȺǣ˾Ҹһִģʲôʸ˵Ҹף˵ĺ㱳Ź˾˶ٵԼ𣿻Ҫһ˵
㡭
ĺʢ˵ӣһҲЩƿԡ
ȷĺ˾˺ܶ𺦹˾飬˾ԼҪɡ
о˹˾ӪɱǲŹ˾ĹɷݣÿҪҪ̨Ļܶ»ң
ԨͿ˳ЦһֶŮҿ˵˳ܲѹҪȥ¥ʲôģ̬ܹù˾˾ǴҵģΪ˾׼ײôˣ
˾Ǵҵģǳ˳Թ˾ĺôŲù˾Ĺǻʲôӣ˾ĽĻҪһ꣬˾϶ˣ
Ȼ֪ĺĵԣһﲻǸС⣬ϲ˵
֮ǰİһЩ飬ʵ֤Щǹ˾Ϊ򵥡
ҲΪʲôԨԼһԭʵĺ˭ϣν飡
ԨͿԨͲܹ޷Ů
С޷죿磬Ȱһ䣬㻹ǹֽܹŲɾĶӱȽϵĺáЩ깫˾ΪĨƽ˺üǧĿֻΪҿֶӵķû˵ѣԨ
Ǿû̸ˣԨͿԨ
磬ʲô˼ԨӵԼĵ绰ʱͷһЩԾ
Ԩ͵Ļüͷ
ʲô˼첻ҹɷݵҸԨᣬٷ֮ʮĹɷݣ˸ڣǮҹȨתЭǩˡ
ԨҲ֪ŽΣ֣ϼѾߵ˾ͷ
ʱһҪʣԨͱ֣һǵʽ𳹵׾ûеתˡ
ԨῴԨ磬ꡭ
ʲô꣬ЩԨ͸ӶϼҲǾľɣЩݣͻˣڸᵱꣿûãǮˣ
Ԩ͸ԨκεӣҪܸ̽̽ܲԼĶһܲ
̲ĻǾʹԼеĹɷݸˣҪĵȵϼŵ˵Ļǵʱǿɾ͵òʧˡ
磬֪ڵҪǳɷݵĻҡϼžͳ군ˣ
ԨʵģΪѾǴԼĹɷˡ
ֻҪԼĴ絽ֳܹʲôӣһΪԼĻʱܸԼĴء
ҹأҪɷŵĻʱҾ͵øǸŮһˣ
ԨͲм˵
㡭״簡Ԩŭһ
³һλֵ
ʱһ뵽˵ĶУ˵ĿⶼǶ⿴ȥ




1085°ײ˼۵Ĺɷչ
 

Ԩİ칫ң  ǵţû̸
ĺһҲŭһѾ˷ıԵˣҲûκεĹ˼ˡ
±ҲǲԺˣбҪԨһң  ǰ˼ɣΪ˹ɷݷֺ죡
أѾȫûҪˣϼѱ̸ʲôֺ첻ֺĸʲô  ĺҵİ칫ңֲҰԨЦһ
˵壬ڻ Ŷ³ĳذߣҲԣҲ˼Ķ³ˣ
ĺԨᣬС˵ҪжôĴר˵ʹ
һԼĸ׵֣ȥţ
ԨؿЩƺڲϵƽԼôҲû뵽ʱӵ˾ȻԼĴ磡  Լְְ칫ҵĴţ˿״һһŮ˽  ĶпˣҪȻһǵһɣ
һԨİ칫żˣҲЦʵ
Ҵ磬ҲϼŵĹɶ֮һԨɫÿȻǿһ˿Цݡ
ԨͿ˭
üͷ̬Ҳ̫һɣ
ԨĴǹɶɲҲСɶԨĸǰ˵Ĳ  һԵĺԨ͵֣ǰǵ飡
Ԩ͵ͷڴ׵ˣԨԨᣬҪǲҪɷݣҿƹˤˣ֪ġ
Ķ㲻˵ҪɷͶĿҪȻɷң
ֻԨ͵仰ͳϼһ˼ˡ
ԨһȻҪԼĹɷݣ֮ð  Ҫ֪ɷ棬ҲֻввԨãˣ˭Ҫɷݣ  һ׸
ҪԨͿ׺ٺһЦԭλͶ߰ϼǴţɷݿ൱ְ
֣ǺǣҪǲǣ֮ǰҶϼѾһϸĵУй˾״˽һٷ֮ʮĹɷݣȥдԼͱֵӦüֵǧң
ѹҲ൱ĺݣһԵԨ͸һ׵Ļһûƿڴ
ԨһǧǮذ
֣һ˾ԨУǲҪĺһԳ
ҷȰһ䣬أֵǧҪǵȵϼƲĻʱǧܹ˾ˡֻһΣҲʹˡ
˹˵ǲĴż  Ԩῴ׳Ұٷ֮ʮĹȨתЭ飬ǹ˾ķɹѾʱˡ
ٷ֮ʮĹɷݣһڣֻҪĶǩ֣Ǯһ̵֮ˡ΢΢һЦ
ǩԨҲ˵
ЩĻˣ˵ʵһڵļ۸ֱǰײ˼ۣҪĻʮھóȥġ
һԵԼƺ˲ЩϵģҲһʹ
ʵǮףνˣ
֪ԼĸʹĲԼĴ侮ʯӣ
ԨˢˢˢǩԼĴһԵԨͺĺסˡ
ȨתЭ飡  ҲǴŵģǾģƭˣ  ϾȨתǣĶ̫̫ˣԨ͸Ӹʶ׵ˡ
ʵҲ֪ӦòԨУ
˵˻ֻһΣٸһλᣬǵĹȨתЭǩǵ̸֣ṩֽ֧ƱҾ͵ȵϼŵˡ׳
Ԩ͵ĺЩ٣׵ҡҷֻаٷ֮ʮĹɷݣһν
磬̫ˣԨôҲû뵽ԼĴ羹Ȼ˽ĳ̶ȣ  һԵĺƺЩ֧ŲסˣԼĸ׵֣ҪҪȻ˰ɣΣǶһɾͶһķհ
С۸̫̫ˡԨ͸оԼһһ㡣
ĺЩˣˣҲҪҿ˵еģһҪǵȵϼƲ˵ĻǵʱǲһǮûУ»ñծòʧ
⡭
ԨͿԼӵӣҲһƣ
׳һӵĿʱ䣬һӣҴҵŶˣһټʱ򣬻Ʋʱˡ
ţԨͱôһ̼Ҳл  ܿ죬ЧԨԼĹȨתǩԼĴǩԼֵͬʱҲóһǧ֧ƱԨͣ
Ԩͺڸָļǩ֣Ԩվǩ֮ȨҲ˳ˡ
Ķ̸̸Ĺɷݣٷ֮ʮĹɷҴһ£ֵӦǶʮ£ڵʮӦÿˡ
׿ԨҲ¶һ˿Цݣһ칫Ұ




1086ʲô
 

Դ
Ԩ͸һ׵Ļ˶ըˣ  Բۣʲô˼ǵľǧľʮڣǰɣ
ĺǸƢ鲻զΣǻŵһѺ֣  ˿Ĳˣ  ⲻǻĴ𣿸ոԼǧˣ۸˵Ӧþ֮ǰ˵һڣ
ҪһóʮڳĻǰװʧڣ  ǿɲʮ鰡  ͷŸɾ㡭׿ĺЦһ
һԵ׵ĻҲһԭЩ֮Σˡ
ȻûпղײΪϷѣ
ڣȻһֱˬĸоԨ͸Ǳ׵ӣ˱жôĿˡ
лл㣡
ףг˸м
һԵԨҲһĿףô֪Ԩ͵أ
ʵϣԨԨʹ绰ʱһš
쿴ԨḸӵɣ붼֪ôˣ  ˶Σеģ  ϼŴһƮҡʱڣһû˵ģֻҪžܹϼŸ
ֻôŻŻԨ͸ӻǹ˵ġ
ŪŲţĺֱӲϵĲ豭׵ķ˹ȥ
֪ν
ֱһŴĺĶϣǼһֱӷײ˶ǽ֮ϡ
ԨһԼĶӱҲǾˣ
׸ˣԨЦŵĶһ£λ쳽Դ˾ؕܲãλǕܲõĸȣǡ
׿˿ȣ΢΢һЦֶĶĿǰô򹤣쳽Դ˾߼ܲá
á
ԨῴҲȥʵɷݲɷݵҲˡ
ϼһֽģܹĻҲֵˣ  ׿˿λϼŵܲС㣬ҲĶǧ𡭡
áֺա
ЦЦܲò
ɾͲҪȡЦˣղʱֶѾǵ˵ˣĿǰ쳽ԴӦҲ˽İɣ
ؿЦŵ࣬У
ͷֶ˵ʶ쳽Դ˾Ƴ쳽һŹܵأʵ̫ǿˡδǾǶռͷģ
лܿ佱ԺǺĻкܶġĿǰǢ̸ߣ֮ڿǴʹöֶ̥˵ϼⷽרҵġЦŵ
ȵҪĻϼڶˮ֮ءһǶǲ˺δİĻᰡ
˿ȻǻവҲϧ  ʵԼҲ֪֮ǰϼžԲڵϼҪã
˵ƺˣ
ֻǴ˿ڽߺԨ͸ӣѾһƬڣ
쳽Դ  ĺȻһԨ֪һҵ  ֮ǰǻĹҪܹĹ˾ϼŵĹƱ¿һӾҪˡ
ֻǸʱǾһζѣ˼ƾʲô
ϼźεºܣܹһҪ۹أ
ڣһƺѾΪʵ
Ԩ͸мͬʱ뵽ҪԼĹɷݲ߼ֻһСֹɷݵĻǽһʲôأ
ֻϧǵĳӶѾˣ  ΪǿóԨƺ֪һУղŵһвԨḸŮ̽ǸӶѡ
ԨһĽʹԼĶߵԨĸǰԨᣬ֮֮ǰǴ粻ԣ㡭ٸһλɡ
ߣղ侮ʯʱôûҵĸأҪҸ׵Ļڿ»ڹذשذɣһ֪ͼˣǲк³ģ
Ԩ͸ӣһķŭ  ܹԼĸӣԼĴ󲮺ԼøҲĺбˡ
ԨῴԨ͸̾һ磬Ѿ㲻ֹһλˣֻϧǲϧϧˣ߰ɡ
Ԩ͸ӵһĸоǱĺҲ̫˵ʲôˡ
Ϊǰ˶Ҳһǿ
ȻȥЩֵĸоʵϲһռӡ
ղ˼ǻһţֱܹԼһɳȥôԶǵö  ֣ߣƣ
֮ʣĺһݻνĺݻԵôĲ԰
ʱҲֻԼ֪ʧȥζǶôļ尾




1087׼
 

׵˴ϼųʱѾʮ֣  磬Ȼû̸ʲô飬ǴǶˡ
Ȼ׳ɹõϼŰٷ֮ʮĹɷݣܲû
ֻ֪ϼŵĶ³
ϼűй˾ϢҪʱ䣬ǵĴɶѾǱ쳽Դ
쳽ԴҲ׼չϼŵļƻ
һжɵĽУ쳽ԴϼţȻڿعϼŵĻôϼžӵ˵һй˾ˡ
ȻǽУ嵹Ҳǳشģ  ϼŵܲ
ҪؼȥϣһĻҡ
ʵĻû׼ãͷһͷҲһ
ԣͱһ㴰ֽˣ
Щ죬ʵЩȥΪȻԼүүԼ
Լĸǽһ鰡
ĸ粢ûмףΪ֮ǰһʱΪҪһֱڹѧϰǰŸոջص棡  һص棬ɾûаҲΪʲôһθ׷ܵĹϵһԭ  ϲףף
ԼѾݲˣ˴ľϲ۰ԼүүҲ˺үү
Լӣ׵Ѿǳ׵
һŮˣ׹밮ĺܿ죬쵽ԼЩʱ֪
ɲ飬ҲԸȥףҲԸȥһԼϲ˽顣
ôˣ׿ЩԥӣЦŵû£İɣϹ㻹Ųô
ҡŵùܲ찡Ҵͨүүĵ绰ҰҲˣ
Ҫ˵ԼģǾϺĸԫ  ԼĸȻҲһŮǿˣһֱԼķ
Ϻԫȷ˵˶Ļ²żĸȴô롣
ԽԽ磬ʱ˿ɶ˸ˣ
ҪȻֱȥЦŵڼ˵¡
Ҫڼأ񾭱˵
ĸڼҲҲͦõٺ١Цŵ÷ʱҪһģνˡ
ϹҪүүҰڼңһҴȥ ǲ֪ɿֲˡ
׵ȻԼĸ׸µӰЩ
ֲڰɣѲǸף΢΢һЦ
ô˵أҰͦɣǼһүү˵㣬裬
ô˰׿ŤŤӣҲЦʵ
Ҿ͸ֱ˵˰ɣһֱסڵλģҰףˡҲŲȥء
ֱ˵˴ʵȷЩ꣡
ڸȷ˹ϵȴûа취˵£ķ֪ˡ
Ҳ̸Լĸ֪Ժô̸Լүүһض˰
٣ĸ￴ŮԽԽϲģŮȥˣĿĵģİɣأ
׵νʵ̿ɲ裬֪ѾˣӦҲ᲻ͬġ
ֻҪͬˣ˻˵ʲôأ
˵ˣϿˣľһԵοأ
ҪȥҴ绰ҶҪȥģԾͽɣ
׵ӣҲεҡҡͷҲѾͨˣȻ׼ҪȥǾȥɣ
Լҳߺˣ  ȻŮһĻ϶׵ˡ
ȻԸԼĵ绰Ǵˣ  裬
绰̬֮ͨȻǷǳĿģϾԼ衣
˵λôæذϻԸ
裬Ҵ绰Ҫ˵ģһȥԷءˣүүڼ𣿡
翴үү˵ȥѺȲˣ⼸ҾͲ֪ˡȷϻԷ
ƺһεȷϣԼŮһ㣡  裬ɱڸҰʲôײ׵˵㿴صЩҲϲ
⺢ӣ軹ܲΪûôΰ˺ˣϵ˵ɣ
ӵĻһƣ
˿̵Ѿǹ˵绰ŵ绰ͷཱུæ
ҲǳεʼүүȥȲˣϿ¾һڼҰզ죿
ǿ϶ȥװٺ١Цŵ
ûûεӣһƣһ󰡣һԼĸͬȢԼզأ




1088Ůε
 

ɽׯ
ϼҵס׸ʱ򣬿鼫ȵĽš
ʵΪںԲԵ㡣
ҪǲںĻҲһɵıˡ
֡ף𣿡ʱҲںϹˣֱֱ׵ˡ
Ҫһȥ˵©ĻǿɾͲ̫ˡ
׿ⶺʲô
ѽҲú迪İɣղҶˣ̫ˡ
ղ̫ţ鶼ˡ
һϸĵˣôأ  һƿϿˮһƿϿ飬Ѿ׼ˡ
ȵʱֱóͺˣⶬ췴·Ҳ٣ǶҲǺܴ󣬷ڶҲû˿ó
ӣ΢΢һЦӦû°ɣ
ðɺðɣʱҲû˵飬˵һͰҸȥˣʱҿɾҪ˽ͷˣ
ǲףϾղߵ̫ˣӶ˼ŻȥĸֿԣҲġ
ӦҲǽţԲ飡  ţİɣѾ׼ˣ׿Цŵ
ֵĿ˿׵ʱйҿЦҶˣš

׵ᳵ·ҲǷǳϤϾҲߵġ
ȥˣҲһֱסȻóһԿס
ſˣ  Լĸڿһ죬üͷ
ӭȥôŪô˼СȾˡ
ҸһģûطȥҾͰѴһԸ裬˭
׻վſڣǸʲôС൱ƣ  ΪѾµˣһʮа˾Ӧþ׶ԼֻҪһлᣬǲŹԼġ
ѣеŮİ翴ʵͷ⿴˿׵ʱҲ΢΢ü
Ϊ׸ĵһӡ󲢲رĺãһ㣬۾ÿ֮⣬ƺûʲô̫ڵĵط
ȻˣҪԭΪԼܵСǳĲ
֮ѾϿСˣɲ
׿΢΢һЦã֣С־ˡ
Сǰɣӭӭ
»ĲģֻרעʽѣƤЦⲻЦӣ˿ŶЩŤ
Լĸ׵ӣЩ˵裬ʲôѣ
ʼôˣɣͦġ
׵ᳵ·ֱӻЬȻˡ
ɳԱߵǸӵһֱ  Ҫ˵ǸŮҪģҪòò˵ֻҪǸˣ϶ᶯĵġ
⽭ϵͳڵһ֦ǿɲǰ׽еģ
Ľ׵˿ﲻǺΪǿоܾˡ
꣬Ѿǿʲôܵˣ
СƢҲ֪ģټ˼ұҲ൱һȥҲû˽ˡ
⵹⣬طּûжġ
Сãҽ꣬ϻܲã
Ϊ԰˵Ϊ˧һ˲ܹġ
ϻȫǳĿǰ
һҲǳΪڽֿȵĻ𣬲ЩЩ伣ĸо
˲֪йģϻ൱˽⡣
͹ϻеĴǿǰ֮ް  ˵ϻڸжŲٵĴǻдʽڹкڻ֮Уν˽ļ̳˵伶
ԽĽڴǷǱȽϵĵ͵ֻ֪ܶЩ˹аϵĸǣʵθҲǷǳĶࡣ
ΪʽͨٶȷǳĿ죬Ա˺жǵĲƸֵ  ã
ΪԼļУ˻ԼģȻҲ÷Լӣ  ĶǰСЩ᲻Ȥе˼ڶ׵ϣȻˣжԿԼϡ
翴ЦŵҸ˵СǴӹѧڹϵҵĸ߲˹˾ĸ֮ܲλɲ˰
ʲôϵ
׿磬Щ̫Լˣܷ̬ȣǶԼ裬ɾЩˡ
⺢ӣСͱҹ߻ˣһҲڼңЩҰˣС㿴Ц˰ЩǸȻ˵ѹҲ׸ɶˡ
һԵЦŵŮһ㶼еƢǺǣҵǾСӺأ
ѽС𰡣̶ĿĵĲа翴ҲǿЦ
Ƶ˵裬ǻԷģ
Ŀ˿ףгһ˿⣬ΪԼŮסˣ




1089޴ڵװ
 

꣬оԼעŮˣ  ʵ֮ǰŹڼеľƬһļ  ˭û㰮أ
ΪʲôƷջôˣΪ˶ϲ  꿴ǽովУҵƬʱѾʼYY  񿴵ˣȻƬϵ˸ӵģﻹܵˣ  Щʱ˾Ϳˣ
νվ飬õһ۵ȻĶ׷ġ
ڽ죡  оԼеǸȻĶŮˣȻⲻǵһ֮ǰļ˼Ҷбˡ
߰ôܻȥΪһŮ˶Դأ  ڵһ١ѪŵŮӣ֪ԼһҪŮˡ
οŮǼ涼ǷԼҪġ
ϣǾ忴صһҪʱ
֮ϣ
Щ̫ˣԼŮƺ֪ԼҪһ㣬Ȼһкӽ˼У  ɽׯǽ䱸ɭϣһǸġ
ԼŮӦҲ֪Ҫû£˭˴䱸ɭϵɽׯ  һһкӣ
ףΪһõͷǾԼŮʱʱĶǸкӿ
СĿּᣬȻǵҳˣҲǱһ񰡣һּš
Цŵϰ̣ҸˣǾûбҪô˰ɣ
ԶԶԣˣҸ˵֪СÿǽǮôȻǸггҲùԹԵɶΪ˼С
ЩĿһԼŮĴ϶Ҫˡ
裬ǮҵϵҺûжĹϵɣҲ֪Լ֪ˣ

ɫһһԵԭһ׼ű˵ľȵʱô˵ҲԵرΡ
̣Сƽʱʲôð꿴¶ʿһЦݣ
ãǼĿɰЩкӵİãҶ֪ô˵ˣ
ʵʲô£ܶ˶ϲԼͬŮƯŮ
һܶ˶ģȻô˵мûʧ䡣
ЦЦðǲǿĵһȥ𣿡
΢΢üһﻹǲԼ˰
Լӣ֪Լ˿϶ر⡣
֮ǰҲйףܶʱԼҲһЩˡ
һԲһͳԼӣĸоͲǺܺá
˿һԵףȴһﵹеǱ߳Ŷ·޹һ  ǻʵ۲̫༱
翴ЦŵǼСϲ赶ŪǹģȽϲȭʲôĶһЩкϲĶ
ŶСҲϲ򣿡
̱òһˣȻӦҲͦϲ˶ġ
ҪȻҲֱӹһ˵ȭֱӰѻ档
ʵûа취ֲ˵Լܵ˵ɣ
ҪȻԼ϶ĲУҲԱߣҲǱȽϷŵÿˡ
ǰͦϲġͷֻıԵЩ̫
һЦѾСҵ˹ͬİãһԣÿ궼ҪʱȥŷȥһЩæҪȥ֪Сû˵ֲ
񻰣Ȼ˵ˣ׻򳬼İѾùھ˰ɡ
ǸԣһԵ׿ҲЩ졣
˵ʵһʲôĲûʲô̫Ȥ
ҲٹעЩû뵽ȻϲЩ˵˶
һͼӣ׾ԼŮ˻û˽⡣
꿴ЦŵԺлǿһȥ񻰶ӵıŶ˵ˣ񻰾ֲͶʵģ
ʲôСǼһҵأǰôû˵ʱľʵͶʵĲҵǳ࣬ʲô֪أ  ǺǣΪҴСͱȽϲԾ˶ʮڳ棬ʵҲ֪ģⱾҲν飡ãĿǰΪֹӯġ
м͸¶ļ  򵥵һ仰мϢΪ֮ˣʮó棿ж
ѽѽС֪ǼҵĲҵʵ̫ˡֲͦõĶԺҿǼܿĵһȥˣ
۾Цˣ˵ҪܹԼĳĻǽһǳ顣




1090
 

ҫ޴ڣ
ԼǵŮ˵ʱ˵ıԾͻӷˡ
һٸⰡҪϧһд׷Ůˡ
ֻЩþΪԱ߻һأ
˿ȥͷԵҲ˵ѹҲԼĶ֡
ٶ𡢳˧ѧָߣ  ֱǵ͵ĸ߸˧󣬶һֳ߸˧
ˣվﶼӦŮ˾׷Ķ
ֻЩƵǣƺԼһ㶼ġ
ԽԽΪ֮  ˵ͨȴҲһɣĳӵܣҲ벻Ĺɣ
׷
Ҫ׷ͷѪ  ЩŵŮȣ׷ĲõģԽ׷Խ  ļŸոĿּᣬЦŵյĲҳԹóԵˣ
СϲԾͶһ㣬Ժû¶̼ңո԰
˾ǳ˫һ㣬һԵЩᣡ  ԼҲѯԼˣ  һԵƺ²ؼһ㣬һƣ
ЦŵС㣬ղ飬㿼ǵôֲŷǱ˺üƵء
Ŷ˵ˣûʱ䣬ͦæģ΢΢ҡͷ
ľܾһԵЩ΢΢ü  翴ԼŮȻܾ꣬ҲǳѾͷæ˼ҿĿնûֲǲ̴֪ĹæʱȷͦæģʱҲͦеġⲻͰʱؼ
裬ô°ҵ鲻Ҫġüͷ΢΢
׿Ҫô˵ҲΪã
СֵǸµĺӰ翴ԼŮ˾ȻҲ˵ӡЩĹˡ
ΪƵ˵㵽Ĳİ
ȻⲨİ˵Ϊãû˵ȥǺǣЦŵ
꿴ЦһҸСûʲôϵɣ
ǰûʲôϵڰɣ˵ʵйϵײ̲˵
翴׸꾹ȻˣҲǿѾͷСֵʲôˣͬ£ѣѣ
裬
һӲ֪ô˵ˣǿԼӣҲǲ֪ôˡ
׿Цẉ̂ȻˣҾ˵˵ɣ
˵
һԵƺоʲôõһ㣬ɫҲ൱ѿ
׿һŮˣѲǱ˵Ůѣ  һ˵ԼŮûжȻֿƬչġ
ҪжĻһͷײ  ȣҸȥʱʶˣҲãѡ΢΢һЦ
ʵ˵Ӧ֪ʶ׵ġ
ֻΪڳܶ鶼ûüͣټĸҲһ໰ˡ
Ҳֻ֪ôˣҲ֪κԼĲȴһֱԵü
û˵ΪĸǰЩûбҪ֪
˵ʲôѣ͵һվɫ˿£  裬һһէĸʲô
㡭ѾͷΪʲôң˼СԿĲѻ
˵ʵܺó󣬴Ҳʹˣ
˵ԼŮԸ̸ģֵһ壡  ǽǰ˼ϼĴӸⲻǻĴ˼ҵ
Ҫǵ˼ҵĻһŭ֮£ԼĹҲ͸ɲȥˣ  ϼĴӣôܵأ
裬ҽ绰ʱصظ˵㲻Ҫ׵ĶԼţʲôϵ
С㿴ֵáҲһΣЩǸĿ˿һԵꡣ
˿Ҳһѻ𣬹ֲøղԼԼǱذ
С㣬ǲ׷ģĽˣ
Ǻǣ˵ǣôĲʰɣҵ˵ֻĪ㵱͸ģ
׿һﾹȻԼ˵Ҫ׷ԼŮˣҲЦһ
ÿ˶׷˵ȨɣѲˣ꿴Цһ
£һ治֪ʲô¡
Ʋһ꣬СҲͦŰ  ⿪ûлͷȻѾվˣȻͲʲôˡ
һһ˿Цݿϰ̣ĴæҲûиʲôҸ׼һ׻ױƷϻʺ죡
ʺ죿
͸һӵľϲ֮ɫǿǼֵĶ  ˿̣꿴׵񣬸һӣ  ҪԼôþ㿪ʼ




1091µװ
 

ϻױƷȫ
ǸŮ˶֪ʵ֪׵ģԿʺʱѹҲûգһ۾
һֱҲ  ֲ˼ҪһȥѹҲûùϵĻױƷ
Ů˰ԣ  õĻױƷҲϵġ
ϻױƷ̫ˣн򣬿ʺ죡  õĻױƷԼҧҧĹۣ
ҲǴ˵еϻױƷʮһƿ  ʮһƿĻױƷȷЧˣڵ翴ȥٱ֮ǰʮ࣡
ʵҲΪʲôôŮΪ֮һԭ  ϰ̣ϻױƷӦҲ֪İɣ΢΢һЦ
֪֪С㿴һεǼôصЩʣ̫ˣ
˵ղûѵĻüҲν
δŮ͵ģɶյģ  ǳ죬Ҽ涼൱Ĳ
ԼŮҪʲôأ
ԼҵŮˣ֮ǰΪһξԻɹġ
ֻʵƺЩ̫пˣԼѾͷȻڹؼʱֳ۶ӣ
Ʋһ׵ҿɲĳЩ˵һʹһ졣ϰ̣Ϊ˸лʢС޹أ
ѽѽС̫ⲻȥˡ
־׼ȥϾûùʺ죬ȻҲҪһ
Чͬ˵еôõĻԼܹἸꡣ
Ů˭ҪԼأ
ҲûôǮԻӻ˵ҲԺȣȴҲǴ󸻴
ȫ׬ܶǮȴ߷ڣ  Ǻǣ̣֮ǰʱҪģǡҲ׼Ƚһ¡
翴ףбѾǲ׵ˣҲûйϵⲻС
裬ʲô˼Щˡ
翴ʲô˼ôǸѰɣ˼СǵһθǼ棬㿴˼ңҲʲô˵Ĳථ𣿡
ʼ̣ҺҲû˵ûɣ
Ӵ̶죿ӻǲСһʵ̫ˡ
⻰֮ߣȳԷɣ
һףֿ˿һʺĻױƷ
һʺĻױƷ˵ѾͷڵĿԽԽ˰֪һƿױƷǮ𣿾ǵ㹤ʣʮ궼һƿѾͷǡ
Ȼ˵ǮȻ൱ĺã
˵ʵһ׻ǰ˵һµĻҲôˡ
ֻоԼǳΣҲ˼СúΣ  ̣ʺȻãϼõĻױƷȴǻʺ죬ǵ𣡡
ƺڸλգ˭֪⴫˵еĵ𰡣  һЦͦеİ֪Ǯô
С⻹ҿڰһõ˿ɲܺøԶ
һ׶˵ĻĵһӦ˲̤ʵ
õĶ˶֪ɲ˶ܹĲ  ۸ǹһЩϡΪҾð̵ȫġ
׻Ǳ٩٩̸˿ѾǻԼļпڿڴ档
΢΢ҡͷϰ̣װģûмôװģ˵ĵͷͷǵģɾǸоЩ컬డ
Ҳǵͷ׼˵
һԵѾǿô֪Ǽ׾װأֻ۾װˣ˼˵ʵòã
С㣬ֺαؼأֻǲһʵ꿴һܻӣҲЦһ
̣͸㣡
״ӻͳӲӵСӣȻǺܴ󣬿ǹϢѾ¶ɡ
Ҫ֪İװĵ̿ɶõĴ
˵ڶ˿ʼղˣˡ
⡭ʲô
綢ͳСӣĺһ๾
裬ǵϻױƷĵ𣬶һˮһ飬װϣ˵ʹõЧǾԵġ
֮ǰ϶֪˶ٱˣǼ۸ʵ̫Щ˼Ҫ  ȻҲֻ֪ҪԼڵĻ׾ǻԼģöˣ
ۡļٵİ
ɫһ䣬֮ǰʺʱʵҲһһԵĵ𣬵ȷӰװϿǸ߳һΡ
һ֮ǰһģһ  ֻţʵǲһܹǵˮװǽǧ򰡣
һǧ򣿳Ƿ˰ɣ  ǮҲôɣ




1092³Ƶ
 

࣡  粻סҴſˮ˿̿ǽӲӵĵ˶һѪͣ
֮꣬ȻĿ˻ԼĶԼ    ȴֲĶͰԼǰ  ƺֻҪԼ֣Ϳõһ㣡  ⡭С֣̫ˡ
˵ЩˣʵǱһĻ𺳵ˡ
һʼܶϾСǺһˣڿСóⶫԾ˹ˣ  ̣ܹӳõ΢΢һЦ
ǡҾ£
ƺѯһԵʵ̫ˣصöоЩķ̵ĸо  һԵɫ˼㣬һֵıƴû뵽Ͱ  һﾹȻҲһǮоԼһʼͰһˣֳЦ
ⷴǼĺʤ֮ģԼǮ  ҲõԼûʵˣһֱǷǳĵ͵͵ĶѾ˸ڴˡ
Լĸ׵ӣҲǰĸһɫ
˿Լĸ׵裬͵ģ
úúã˰
仰һ˵ʵϾ͵˶׵ƫ  ֶЩ΢΢ĲϾԼŽǧĶ  һԼȻ׵֪ʲôѧ߾Ͱ
˿̵бһǱ  Ҫ׿ʼڿʼԼķ  ͬ۴ѧ΢΢һЦûҵ
ͣ  һûЦղ͸оһᣬû뵽Ȼûбҵ  һԵԭΪͬ۴ѧҵģѰ˼ͬ۴ѧҵҲԣ
û뵽ȥһ仰Ҳǲһû
ûҵüʵ
Цŵϰ̣ⲢҸĸ顭
⡭ǲǼҵˣ⡭ЩƵ˵
ŮĴͲʲô£ϾŮ˵ϵĿһЩ
ʮһ仨Ůʮ
ʵҲǷǳеģ  ׳ֵΣֻʱΣһʼĥ һΣ  ΣӵĿֲǾ鰡
ԼĸһεüҲƵ˵Ҹమģ裬ͲҪ߶߶ˣһүүҸүү˵
⺢ӣ֪үүǰɣˣЩֵĿ
꿴¶һ˿мô˵ǿż˵Ǯ⻯ױƷˣ
ԼǮ
û˵һ˵ǴŹԣԼ治һﵱ£  ǺǣЦǲҵû˵˭ڴѧڼ׬ôǮģ֪ܲܽ̽¸ַأЦ
һۣ˶оõеĻҩζ
粻ܲ찡  ԼҹԼŮ׵ģڰ˼ŪôΣҴ·磬ҲЩⲻȥˡ
ʼ޿ɷ棡
Ǻðɣ꿴ףȻתͷС㣬ղϰҲ˵ˣȽϲҪȻʲôʱȥҵһ¸񻰶һǸͬǵξֲصڽϰ̣ҪӦòְɣ
ξֲãȥ
ûƣĹע㶼ξֲϣ
ˬ죬Ҿȸˣ
֮ǰ׳Ƶζ˼˵Ů˸Լˡ
׵ҲûôͻȻ֮Ӧ飬϶ԭģ
ֻ֪֢ᵽ׳ʲôط  ȥһԵҲЩסˡ
ԼŮɲһ̤İϷҪǱ֪ĻǴȲɣ  ֣ղΪڣҲ˵ʲôˣȻ϶һˣôܹӦҪأ
ⲻĴЦ˵
ʵղԼǱҲµóԼǵʲôȻû˵в൱ܲ˰
һ仰ûֱΪ磬в˼ѾǲԶˡ
ǼҵĴҵ£Ҷ⸱гˣɶν˵ʵҲǺܵǵġ
ϾǿǹԼİʮڴ
ǿ϶ΪʲôӦɣ˸ӿ˿׺Լ衣
Цŵ϶ԭ򣡡
Уû˼һ㶼һףȻξֲ֪˭Ͷʵ𣿡
˭׿˿.  ЦŵϼͶʵģֻΪûǮԾֲҪת֣һֱûҵʵ¼ңԾôˡ




1093𺳵
 

ϼžȻֲ
ЩĿ˿ѹҲ֪飡  ˵ʵĹע㶼ϼһй˾棬ֲûļҵ˵
ٺ٣֪ôʶ𣿾ΪϲԵʣЦŵ
ֲáЦŵŮϲӡк񲢲ɣ
ҲͦģֻΪܲôϲԡ
翴ЦŵСְСǱ߻ˣһֱΪԼǸкӡ
衭
ЩĿԼĸףĿǰ˵ԼĸһѾǹˡ
ֻҪԼүүһع˵ĻԺû˻ֹһˡ
ЦŵֲӦôˬ죬ֲҵİҶ֪
ģҲһľ㵣ʶģϾԼŮ
ֲҵʲôʱСֵˣ  ׵仰˵һͷˮ  Լ裬Цŵ裬㻹֪ɣϼŰٷ֮ʮĹɷݣϼִҲû
ҵθԹԣСզôǮأǼǸʲôİ翴Щ㱵ʵ
Цẉ̂ղ˵Ǹߴ˲ٵǮ
ҪС˵ĻҲͲֳôˡƽ޹ʵĵ˰㿴
ҪжڣȻ⣡  Ҳ֪ԼŮƢСҲٿΪԼһǮŮ޹ȥӦҲܲ˶ٵĿࡣ
ǺǣҲǺͬ⣡Цẉ̂ҪȻɣմѶȵĻҿԸṩһЩ
ŶС㻹ʣʽܹУҪĻ̫˰
Ҳһʤļǿˣʵеմǿġ
⾺ļңԼһλÿҲѱס
׾ȻܹԼаҲǿĵЦ
裬㿴ӣ֪ĻΪ
ô˰С˵׼ҵĳմδŮĹҲûдɣЦŵ
׹һֵûûͿˣ
㿴˼С֣֮ǰûпСֵļȻҲôá
˵ʵЩҲ֮飬ֻ̫ʵǿԽܵġ
֪ҪٵĴ˼һʵ
⡭⵱ȻԽԽ˰סˣԼҪپܹжٵ  ĿǰҵĹ˾ӦøܶҲͬдҵ֪ǽеû׳
С㵽ʲôİʱҲǻع
ܹܶкģǱȻһЩСҵ
Сҵүүأҵ˼Ҷű˴ġ
粻дʵŴ
ΪΣǺõҵű˴õҵҲŴ  Դʵ˵Ҳһ׵飡  ղ͸ǻױƷԼҵĶ
ʲôϼţСϼŵֶĶӣ
𾪵ĿףҪĻǿţƴ˰  ֶĶӣʲôһ  Ҳ˵ģϼŵֵԽԽߣڼҵˡ
˵ĿǰڲϵУҪֶĶӵĻǲ۲۵ĳ
Ǵеĵһ˼Ҳ
Ǻǣ̣ҿɲֶĶӡʼ磬ԼֶԼôֶܹĶأ
̵ǡλɶĶӣ
ϼŵĶ³Цŵ
ۣ
պһֱȫ˳۾ɵͭһ㣬ƺʵ  裬ʲôǡƵ˵
̵С֣㡭ɲҪ氡ϼǶ³
ǺǣҾƭκҲܹƭӦ֪ġ׵
ͷϼžִģҿ֤
ҵ찡⡭ôĶ³ôأʵЩ޷ܡ
Цẉ̂һ绰һ£һǧڵĴӦûġ̾òĻҿӣ
һǧڣ˹ˣԹˣ
Сһĵͷ˵һǧˣһҲ׵ˡ
˿̵ϵ֮ɫԱ  ʵû뵽ղһΪֵ͵ĸڿСֲĵ͵  ͵˼Ǹˣ  ô
Цẉ̂ȻĻҲͷˣԺһᶨ˸һЩױƷģ
úúã
Ц۾ʱӦһϻĸ￴ŮԽԽϲ
ǣֵͦİ
ʱ˵һԲϵ




1094˴۾
 

ɽׯң  ˿̵һɫ·֪ʲôطƾճֵС֣һӽԼе鷳
ˣҲˣױƷҲóˣŮҲ޳ȥˣ  һһоԼֻһˣ  ǾԼҪиСӾͺˣ
Ҫ֪ԼĻҲҪҸطȥˡ
ΪҲѾˣ
һ̳ϵķ˹ȥ  ֣˰ѸˣҸ˵֣̫ˣ֪Сӡ
һϣǹһžֱ˵
ʵѾǿˣֻҪкͱԼĶϱסˡ
ԼŮ⼸ֵʱ˶סˡ
Ҫ֪ݿǾ̫幬ĵӰ
ֻԼλһֱûдԼȥأʵ׻ǰˡ
ʲôѣ
Ͽ磬ΪԼˣҪ֪ʲôˣǿ֮ˡ
ݺ͵λԼŮ֪ٱأ
˵ʵʵϣԼŮܹףԼŮܹһֻܹһƬľʣ
ϸ֪̫ܣ  Ͼ߸֮ĲǺܴģΪԼףνżҲ·ǻء
֣СͦõģҾòŰɡƺԼ̬ȡ
Ͽģ
ţүү˵Ҫڽ͡
̰ڰֵ˵ˣһɡ
ף֣ôֵֶ֪ģҺûиذɣһͷˮĿʵ
΢΢һЦûиҵľˣ
ףԶԶԣҶˣղ˵ʱһֺ˵ԵְԵְ֡
һôһϵҲ¶һ˿Цݣ  ʮа˾ųˣ
ھͿүӵ̬ˣҲ֪үӲͬĻǿ϶ûϷġ
ڴĿϣƺЩţ
׿΢΢һЦϣþò
Ǽ鷳˰˵ģϿףƺҪٴεȷһ£  ׵ͷģ
̾һǼ
һԼүүҪйЩˣʱҲ֪ܲ죡  ԼүүƽʱͦӵˣȻ׾ȹҲͦصġ
֪Լүү׻ʲôһ̬ȣ  ׿ϵϣʲô뷨˵޷
Ǽһ̾Ϣ׶Щ۾ˡ
ԭΪϻпܻ᲻ͬأ֪һھȻĻ
һŮ˶ǱȽϵֵģҲԿзΪ
һȻ̬ȵģûеģο
үү˰
ҲΪԼˣԼүүȻ˵ʲô˼
һԵסˣүӣǲǳԴҩˣմˣ  ϵһһ˲šҽ˫˵һ˼ңҿ˼ίˣ
үү㻹үүίоԼĲԼүү׵үү
׵үүҲδػӰɣ
һҲҰҰ֣˵ô˰
ЦŵϣһĸǸҸ
ǧܹǼҵĸְϵ̬Ǵ۾
Ѿǳ׵ıүһˣ  ߽ϵǲ֮ǰʶǸ϶Щͳүˡ
׿үЦŵлϣҲϷģԺһúչġ
˵곯һۣҲǵһЦ  ưԼ˰үүǰ׵İԼүүȻıȢԼίˡ
оЩ߸Լۺͼֵ۰  ߡ
һЩίԼĻ档
翴ϵүӣȻҲͦϲСֵģҲܡ
ˣֻҪͬ⣬ˣ
Ͽɹܲô࣬ʵ˼ĲģԼŮҪǼ޸ףⱲˣ  ԼүүĻеһʯͷҲǷˣȻ֪Լүү쵽ô£




1095ֺη
 

ϵĻһĻ㱣
ԭΪЩνƺͲѣ  ͬⲻͬ⣿
ⲻǳôǼŮȢϱÿ˼ͬⲻͬ⣿
緭˷ۣƺԼĹˣ  һԵЦŵϣô˵Щ̫˼ˣ
ıаĲ˼  ЦŵҪȻ鷿һģ
ã
Ҳ֪Ͽ϶лҪԼҲǸϽ鷿  ڣ  Щ۵С۵ĶԿţƺ˶һеô£
⡭үүô
翴һķ˼оԼĹǱðһ㣡  ǡǰɣҲ㲻ˣүүǰİѲΪľˣ
֪ԼүүѹҲǮƣжٵǮ˵һġ
ʼǼүҲǿ˼СְСֵȷǺ㰡ҽȺҲˣȻƳĻױƷ䷽˲˼鰡
Ǻǣ裬Ժ㲻ڸŪʲô˰ɣԼĸ׶׷ǳ⣬Ѿֿ˻
Щǣϵ鷿˿һϰ£  翴һֵôõŮҲҪһʲôֻҪÿģҲ޺ˡСֻǡ
СҲһĿģŮԺ˵ȥҲǱӰ  ϵ鷿ڣ  ˿׺ƺλã
Ͽ׹ˣ⡭ǲЩ˱˰
Ǻǣϣ⵹Ҳν飡ϰ裬ǻߣѲҾͲҵĳԺȻҲҵĳʵ޹أ
΢΢һЦƺЩȽڣ
Ҳһ˲⣬ȻҲͷˡҪȢѲҪһ𡭡
ҲҪ飬ϻӦ֪ҵŮʵǲٵġЩεЦŵ
Ǻǣҵ˽һЩҲ顣˵һЩǿŮҲܹĸˣ⵹ǱȽٵġ
ϵͦģ׶ԼŮĵġ
ټԼŮܹ緢չĻҲһ˲ǣ  ҪȻ׷ͺڷˣɲԸ⿴飡
ЦŵھľҡѰ˼ǲܿȻˣʵ֪ŮˣԸΪҴĽǶǺܸжġֺϡ
ˣ֪˼ˡʵ׽ĻȻ֣ǸˣȻǲһˡͽҰɡ
΢΢һЦܿĴ뵽棬ԭȴŵһԼүүԼȥҲǼҴҵľ˽ȥ
ҪԼүү׵̸ʲô  ԭҲҪȥţȴϸǳһ£Ȼ㬵뿪ˣ
˿ϵ鷿ڣ  Ϻ棬һЩ֪˵ʲôˡ
Ͽղ˵мλˡ
㡭ôܸүү
һ˲ɫҰףû뵽û£ȻԼүү
ⲻƽ޹ʵĸԼүү  Ѿ䶨ˣû뵽ֺ֦ڣЩֱţ  ĻҪϿԼŮʵ
үүϲףҰѾѾˡҧҧҲǻȥ
ðɣԺɵĻ֪𣿡ϳ
ţүүͬˣ
Ѿ׼ӭԼүүĿ꣬û뵽ԼүүȻͬˣ
˿̵ЩͷԵĸоԼүүôͳһˣôͬԼȥ˼ҵСأ
ⲻǳô˵ȥ˭¶Ű
Ͽ檵Ҳ޷үүʲôͬģүүֻϣܹúõģ
үүĲңʿˮʵ
ϹһֵҵŮľүүȻֵ֧ġ
ʵֻΪףҪǻκ˵Ļ϶ܹˣ
鼤˿ϵĻһ󴺷ԡޱȵ泩
׵ϵ鷿ҲΪϵ̬ȣĵҲǷǳĿġ
еһɽ׵ûˣҲǻָЦݡ




1096УƢС
 

ڶһ磡  ׶һ뿪ɽׯûǰϼܲǳŽֲķ򼲳۶ȥ
֮ǰĻҲǷϣ
˵ΪԼ˺ܶ࣬ϧ˵ҪԼҲԸԼ
һ飬ôܹжأ
ѾΪԼŮˣ׾ҲĿһЩ
ֲڽֲĹģǺܴ  ϼŵͶҾֲҲΪ˴ԼƷƣ  СͶʴرʵѾǳɹˣ⼸һ·ӵͼһԾΪ˶ӡ
ӵ֪ȺгֵҲǽڽ  Ϊ˴󻷾ĲĻϼŵĲƷۻһʵķԾ  Ϊܵ˾ûӰ죬ϼĿǰѾûжǮеҾֲӪ
ʵҪϼŰٷ֮ʮĹɷݵĻǾҪʼֲˡ
ϾܹüǮڵȸһصûʱֵҲǽԽԽֵǮ
Ŀǰ׻򳬼ȻˮƽôͶȴԽԽ󣬼ΪʱһߣЩֲͶʼڣʮڵĶУ  Ȼ˵ͶͲһȣǺõԱۿ϶ǰ쳣ġ
ʱ׻򳬼ĻֻʮĹ򣬶ξֲƺûʲô̫Ķ
ڱսĿǰֲԮѾǽӽβǴӵĽǶ˵Ԯȥȥ꣡  ԮҲʮŷԪļ۸
۸ڶƺѾˣʮŷԪǿ൱ڲ߰׻ƱҰ
ս
ֲſڣһȺվڴſڣǵӿȥΪı׳
ڽأĿǰȽϻȵӣӶڶ
һֲ֧һһ֧ǿӽ񻰶ӣ  ڲǮĴͳŽ񻰣Ǿˣ
ҲһΣ  ԭҾֲûʲô̫ìܣΪͬǾֲȥ˺ܶĹעȣ
ɺģȥĹھ񻰶εȴƽֶգ  ԿʼһЩŹĳ棬ҲΪˣεԺ񻰵Գ׵ľѣ  Ժ֮ѣžֲ;ֲ֮ѣ  񻰶ΪܹĻһģǾһһ  ΣΪǵѡ  ΪҶͬǾֲҵʱĹעҲĸߵġ
˵ûУ˵ǶڵһЩԱҪˣ˵ζҲ
ϼһ겻һ꣬ͶҲ𽥼٣ԱĹʺͽϲɲˣ
ǿЩֲͶʣ˿Ŷоһˬ
Ҳ֪ξֲʲôʱܹˬһѣҲǧ򼶱ԮˣܵŪɣ
ſںܶǱ죬ƺǶξֲĿǰǳĲ⣡
ζˣ
֪˭һ˿һűX5ӴīĽͣſڣ
ο  ξֲΪƵԱҲξֲΨһһѡҶӵĳԱ
ȻڹҶӽǸ油ԱξֲǾһ
ξֲοĹߵģнԪ  Ҫ֪һҶԱнǹǧ򼶱ģһ油ԱнˮҲ𲽵ġ
οǱȽϵٵˣ
ζӣ˵Ҫ뿪ǲģ
һԴסοĳǿοһʵ
οҡ˴ԲǾֲ飬޿ɷ棡
ζӣ͸Ǹ׼£ǿɶءһĴԳ
˵ˣ޿ɷ棬οժīݺݵĳǸ˵һۡ
ο𣬺ܶ˶ǳĬ  ϾΪξֲĶӳҲȨģ
ο֮ʣһŮõοһģǶԴԵԼӶǱ¼
ʲôأ˭ĵģ
οƿԼĳţȻվǸŮӵĸǰ  ɣҸʲôҵɣǸŮο
ƬɾˡοϽɾҪȻÿ
οŹߣԭʵǵȨǸŮͷ
οɫĿ¡
شһ⣬ҿԸ㣡ǸŮοһתȥͦġ
ʣ
οȻɫÿסˣϾôء
ζܹشһǲܵĺ񻰾ֲǢѾ˳תЭĻҿԲšŮοҲΪڴ  žણ  οһֱһץסǸŮеĵŵϾȥ  Ȼϳ׼ֱӽξֲѵأ  ЩĿ࣡ܶ˶ûзӦĹǸŮҲһ±ƣ    ˿׿һĻҲüͷֱһǰ棡




1097¡ţ桱ο
 

ξֲſڣ
ЩԶÿһ·ǰοŭյӣҲǳĬˡ
ϾοǵĶӳŮƺȥµġ
ǿοΪӵĶӳôתͷͬн񻰾ֲأ
һпȥôĲʵΪǱҪֲڲìܣ  ȻǸŮȴûվΪ˵
ϾŭξֲΨһǣο  һ󼱴ٵɲ뵽˵ĶУ
˭Ҳû뵽ʱ򣬾Ȼ˲οĳǰ棡
³
ο˵ǶԻǴ˼ҶôŵģȻһְҵԱӦе̬ȣ
˵׻ˮƽզΣЩԱƢȴһһ𱬡
֮Щ̲סˣ  ֲԼģЩ˵ΪֱӸֲĨ
ˮƽٸôأ
οԼһεƿ˳ŵ˭أ˰
ſڴ˿ôΧοһŭſűƷҲǼҴҵĸ˹
ζӣζӣǸղûĳһͷİӳοЩͷ˵
ô£⿴ŶãοЩָʹĿżŭһ
ǣԺһע⣬һע⡭Ǹ
ζӣղأϽȥɡʱǸͷͷο
ңο˿Ǹˡ
Ǹӳζӣղܸ񻰾ֲѧŸܽȥûжã˵̸飬Ǽֱ֮ȥأ
ʲôѲǸŮ˵ģζҪȥ񻰶ˣ
ģҪĻԺҲεˣ
յģⶼʲô°쿪ˣʱԱ˰ɣ
ζʧȻҪȥ񻰶ӣȥĸӶȥҪǿɣ
ǸӳԭҲǸؿƿģǽҲΪʧһ˵©ˡ
οȺȺ鼤ܵӣҲĬ׼ߡ
׼ߵʱȴǸ˻Լ  һŭĿ׵
׿οЦһ˼ҵǸ˼ҵĶ˼ҵǸʲôΪΪֲĨ뿪ξֲҲܣ㲻ôĲҪ棡
ԲۣСӣ㻹ǰɣôˣΪûеõӵģôϽÿҪȻڵģ
οɲǰˣʵ֪ԼҪȥ񻰶ˣ  ¶ԭΪȺ¶ѣԼȥ񻰶ӵĻһоͻ᳾ˣ
ֻû뵽ǩԼĹؼʱ̣ȻĳңһûѹסֱǸŮߵ  ΪҪǸղԼֶݺݵӱǱĻͻˣ
ۿοȻ΢΢һЦ˵һ飬ǸˣҾ͵ʲôûзҪ㲻Ǹ
һȥӿû
οֱһײףֺĳξֲĴ˹ȥ  ˽죬ͽΪ񻰹ھӵһԱнǿǷ  ʱŰнһܣ  οһȻ뿪ЩҲǻο뿪ߣ
˿̣εȺ鼤ܣ
Ϊ׵ǸȥӦЭĸˣܶ˶Χ
᳤ܻû뵽οȻˣˣ
ǰ᳤ôʲôƷ˼Ҷˤ˾ˣ
ˣתͶ񻰶ӣקʲô
ǣ֪񻰶ǵУԺĻ
ΧǸȥʮµӣһķȻղŵϢԻ˶ǳ顣
ʱܹξֲſڵȴοˣǾӵԣ  ЩֿɰԣҲһְɣ  ׿Щˣ֪ΪʲôЩ˵иܵһ黳
˵͸ܵˣ  ָоҲһĳȣȻϲ򣬿һȺɰˣһҵģ  ᳤ܻˣˮˣνҲԸһߣȥλͬ־Ѷȼ
һȺ˰ѸղǸЩɵŮΧһ꺮ů  ǸŮȺ˵ӣ᳤ܻ˵ллллǣûµġİɡ
ͬ־ЦˣξȻˣ˰߰ɣһﲻк³ġ
Ǹ᳤ܻҲЩߵ˵ȥĺ
Ϊԣֲôأܲܰοɱ˰ɣ
׿˿᳤᳤ܻܻλͬ־
˿ףһﲻǸոסοĳǸ˶ӡҲǼõġ
ǸŮߣҲͶ˸мһƲ
λСֵܣǺôղοҲˣ˧ҲεԣԻأСֵûȤ
᳤ܻһǻҲǳ΢΢һЦ




1098ھֲ˵
 

ξֲſڣ
ȺɰԣǷƶֻһĿ꣬ǾξֲԽԽã
ЩԣʵӪֲԱ˻ûôĵˡ
ΪԼ棬κ˵棡
ȻûнξֲѾܵһϢ
᳤ܻҲεԡ׿᳤ܻ
һԵŮЦŵãҽ̳ͮܿļߣллΪΪͦ
ãû°ɣ׿ͮеʵ
ͮû£͵Ǳҧһ£զأҵʱξֲҵģûȨôΪˤˣҲû֤ݡ
㣡Цŵ
ЦˣΪҳͷأô˼أ
̰ͮڰֵȻôҲֲɣ  һԵ᳤ܻСӣҪҲξֲ⣡Щ˳첻£֪Աǳ嵽׻ƳǾȻúõ棡ˣ⣬ʱǸ֤
᳤ܻͮһм˵лл᳤ܻллǣ
ʵ̳ͮܿһˣľξֲţ  ˵׻򳬼ʮ֧飬̳ܿһפʮλߣ  ͮǶ֮ǰһλͬµӣҪ̳ܿٽȱĻոձҵͮ¶ûᣡ
Ȼˣ֮ͬҲụͨϢģ
ͱ˵ɷ񻰶ӵλͬ£ͷϢѯοҪת񻰶ӵ飬֤ͮ
֤ˣȴǳĴ
˾䷢ⵥȻֵǮҲذ  ŪˣʱξֲĻǵʱ͵ˡ
ͮĸղһıƣ᳤ܻ˰˺ܶࡣ
ҡҡͷҲӦõģҪΪοղŵǸ
ǸСʲôǸѲ㡭ξֲˣǲ԰ξֲҶʶҲξֲ
᳤ܻһɵĿףԱ֤˾ǵһμ
׿᳤ܻûлش᳤ܻ⣬Цʵ᳤ܻξֲ
ǰˣʱξֲƸгӪܼ࣬ҪΪ˲֮һЩ顭
᳤ܻҲЦŵ֪Ҳͦġ
Ȼ˼ˣ˵˵Ҳ޷
׵ͷΪʲôˣ
£ϼͶζ֮ҲʱľֲԨĶԼεģǸʱʮ㡭
᳤ܻʼ٩٩̸׼ξֲķչһ㣡
᳤ܻԭżҲѹ֣ľֲӪȷ͸ˣ׳
ǰҶλиģǴҲһǲʲôڰʲôģ뱣ɣǲϲ񻰶Щӡ
᳤ܻ˵ʱЩݺĸо
׿᳤ܻЦŵԺиĹ۵ģ
λҿһղ˵ЩҾξֲйϵ
ͮ룬о˵Ļ϶ΪξֲΣһ㣡  ˵ⵥüôҲֲɣ
˼˵Ҫˣټ᳤ܻôĽ˼Ҳ˵ԺиĹ۵ġ
ּ˸ξֲһĹϵֻͮҲʶˡ
˷·ƾðһ㣡  Сӣϼɹ˰ɣҪĻǾ̫ˡҪ
᳤ܻһַǳĵˣ˿̹ξֲƺȹԼһҪ飡
ǰɣֲ˵㣡΢΢һЦ
ʲô˵㣿ܡ᳤ܻһ֮ɫ
һԻҲǶĿףĻǿкܶණҪ²۰  ͮԻǺǿģһô˵Ҳ̵λǹܵ𣿡
һʱҲͲɣ᳤ܻ߸ҽȥһˣ˾ȵŰɡ
Ҳ֪Լ˵ǿ϶ǲеģ
úúá
һļ˶˵ǻϣ
Ҳϣξֲһֱǰһ״̬
ܹûЧĻôЩ˵һϢˣ  ᳤ܻͮ׳ξֲķ˹ȥ
ǺܿͱǼסˣ
ϾղЩ˲Ÿοͻģڿ⼸ҪȥȻҲ˵óˡ




1099³
 

վס
Ϊ׵Ǹӳ״᳤ܻͮ˹ǼҲվſڳ
ξֲͶˣ֣׿Ǹ˳
Ͷˣƭ˭ذΪСξֲϼͶʵģµĴСǶǼģΨûмôһϽһȥ
ǸӳɲʲôͶˣ׵Ҳǲǡ
Ͼ֪߲  ᳤ܻͮʵжЩɣҲû˵ԼʲôˣǾȻҲ ˡ
ҪǸٵģ⵹Ƕ˿ɶˣ  ᳤ܻǰ˵Ҫǲ֪˼ϼɹġ
ļٵģ᳤ܻɱڲǰֻǸ򹤵ģҪǼٵģʱǿɶñ㰡ȷӳ᳤ܻ˵ҲЩɵʵ
ҡ
᳤ܻһЩϾܹȷ⵽ǲǣ  ǰӳһ᳤ܻԥԥӣ᳤ܻһֱΪǸʵˣû뵽㾹ȻҲһƭǣ㡭
ӳ׼ŭ֮ʣеĵ绰Ѿͨˣ  ιף׽绰Цŵ
û뵽ʱ׻绰Цŵֶ£
ģ֮ǰ˵ϼһֲ֮ǰôû˵׿ʵ
⡭ԭǴֵģʵ̫Ǯˣ治𰡣Ǿû˵ôֶȤһֵⶼΪϰϲԡ
Ҿſأý׵˵
Ͼ͵Ҷʮӡһ̹˵绰ɱһĳ߿ˡ
ϼžҲͰͷĳ̣ڲ°ĸ߷ڣԶʮӦǿԵˣ
᳤ܻ˾ôſڵţ׿˵һɣ
᳤ܻͮǵͷҲû飬ͮԼĹͶξֲô  Ҫµξֲĸ˵ĻҲһСˡ
ȻûذԱôܻ߸ȤųԼҲܹ˲  ˵ˣľֲ㻹ָܹʲôըԵŲɣ
˵ţ¾οתˣ  ûȷеϢֻܹܲдһƪͨѶˡ
ԼĪСʱ֮ĳͣ˾ֲſڣ  ǰӳһܵĳŵҲ̾ܺã
ĳһɫİµA7ȥ߷ǳѾΪһ־
ǰӳȻҲ֪ˣ  ˿ⰲӳԺסλֶ
ǣܣԺסˣӳͷȻ׵ֶ֮ǰеǡ
װڰֵ֪߲Ҳ㡾ְأԺ黹ҪҪΪŰ
ǣֶ
ӳ񵽣ԼĸоܾԼԺϰ尡  ĵ᳤ܻҲһļһԵͮȻҲʶλϼŵŮܲã  ֲ˵һܹĻǿ¾λŮܲˣ  ֻһ꣬λŮܲƺûκεĽҲûӰˣ
ֲܾ칫ң
ʱܾ칫żˣֲܾ
ŵֲĸѧţ  칫ҵɳϣοǸžǱߣڵʲô
ܣ⵽ʲô˼ԭǲҪ˵ģȻοҪߣѾǿԷˡתҲ̫˰ɣ
ɫһ䣬Ȼ̸Ĳر죡
ѧ΢΢һЦҲŭǸζҲǴһ£˵ˣԼӦҲɣٹһζӾˣʱǿǧתѶûˣ
ܣǻǰ۸ǾԲܵġǧתѣǸῼǵġҡҡͷ
˵ʵڵҲᣬһԱĻôǽάֲ
ΪϼѾ˰  ĿǰΨһĸ߼ԱοҲѾȥѾ
֮һüǮҪģҲܹһĿǰľΣ
ѧſ΢΢ЦһܣξֲʹˣϼѱǵĲӦ벻˰ɣɣٸۣǧԪǻϷֵĻǾͲҪˡѧų
һοľ΢΢һЦܣҵԱֻܹõнȥ񻰿õ900н겻ֵĻôһǮҲòˣҲܹ֤״̬ɣҪ˸ʮ˳Ҳ൱׵ġ
ǡǾȻͨһοʴ㲻û뵽ġŭһ
ѧ΢΢һЦǩǲǩһ仰飬Ҳ֪񻰾ֲʵܣǸĿǽǧнڵӦҲ֪ģ
ǩ
֪תᴰڹرջһڣοһԸȥӣ
ܣҪǩˣ
ε˵ǩֵʱſڴһ󡰲г




1100ζ³
 

İ칫ң
Ϊĵͷصʱһ˵ĶУ
Ŀͷ˿ӰʱҲվܣôˣ
ôͲˣǺǣܣЩˡ鷳ʽһûеλ
ǰЩǸȻĸ֣ξֲԼϰžӪĲҵ
Ҳ֪׿ˣӵĻ
ֲ϶ǻȻһµģʱԼϰҪǿ龰ĻҲܹοˡ
ûȷ֮ǰҲûнϢԼϵ
ӴⲻǺǡѧſҲ΢΢һЦ
ܣǻǻʱ򰡣
ֲ侮ʯĴǾȻʱԼеԱο  ֮Ҳ൱
ο΢΢һЦܣ鲻ܣԼ˼
οļҴҲɣӾнߵˣڵľȨھֲ㶼ӵлȨ
οĲߴߣһ֪Ǵ
˱湴񻰾ֲӺԼľֲ
Ҫ֪ĿǰۣûиǧǾԻģһ˶֪ġ
ҪӺ˾ĻôҲΪ
ˣֵʲôطǳϵķӣ  οӲɵĻôҲûκεİ취ʱֻܹˣ  ղ棬Ѿһڲ˵
οнӦҲ֪Աǳഺİɣҽ궼ʮˣڲ׬ǮҶˣʱܸʲô
ҲֲȻġ㱳񻰾ֲͨʲô˼ ŭһ
һοľ˺ٺһЦҲǾ֮ˣӦҲ˵İɣΪҵԱҲûдɣ
ܣҲûбҪˣ˵˲ǲˡ
һҲǹݵģ㲻ţҾʧ򣬵ȵʱ˵  һ߲򣬵ʱļҾֲҪ㣿  ԱڲĻ״̬»൱ģ׻ƵЩԱǸûйԱôɣԱʵһЩ
˭ķ𣿡
ѧһ˾Ȼô˵¾  ϼôĻôǵļƻȫ
ӸοӴڣѧһɵģ
ǧĵͼ۹οҪһתǶǧ󰡣
û뵽ԼҪǩԼһ̣Ȼ˸ֹˡ
ѧһַоķŭ  Ҹŭŭͷ׵ϡ
ߣ˵ķʲôݣҲ˵Цһ
㡭ܣʲô˼һСආҸѧô˵ˣѧŭһ
һԵοҲһƣһﲻǸղԼ  ڼλϰ嶼ߣҲûа취֨ˣ˭ʵ˵ã
ľˣҲǿϷȽϵĺʣ  ξֲԼͣһĻʧɾֻһˡ
ѧѧţ㻹ԼﰡҸ㣬λϼεֶ³ξֲѾȫȨתøֶ
ʲôζ³ϼѾˣѧŵ͸һ𾪺Ͳŵɫ  ѧŵôˣϼŵ黹Ҫϻ˱𣿸ο㲻һСС񻰾ֲĸܶѣûʸˣ
úúãܣƣΪҲ֪ξֲҿѼӲĺܰڴܹôһֱӲȥ
ѧŷŭĿ˿ŭһ
׿ѧ΢΢һЦȻ㲻ţھһ£ο˲ܣĺͬж೤ʱ䣿
ֶһ£̵
˿Ҳһ𾪣ϼžȻϢ֮䶼ˣ  ʵϣһԵ᳤ܻͮڵ  һﾹȻϼŶˣֲ˼Ҹղ˵ֲ˵㣬鲻ֲ˵㣬ܶҪ˼ҵˡ
Ǿһһ߾ˣο񻰾ֲ𺦹˾棬ӽͣͣѵͣнȴֲմ
㡭ƾʲôͣнˮοɫһףһֻֿ֮ɫ  ú͵֮䣬ƺֻһ֮  ղŵһ˲䣬οԼã·о޾Ԩ֮УһĿ־ս  ׿οһƾʲôƾ㹴񻰾ֲƾ𺦹˾棬ƾ޹ˤߵҸ㣬ΪѾΥ˺ͬҪҴ˾һӭ
쵼  оһޱȵˬȻ֪ô죬ǸоһĽ
һԵͮҲˣǴ˿бжˡ
οİǣӦ˶Դ
׵㣬ѧŵɫ֮࣬ɫ뿪ξֲ  ˿˵Ŀⶼ۽׵ϣǶλεĶ³Ƿǳĺ棿  ⵽ǺҲ




1101ֶСĿ
 

ξֲܾ칫ң
οǾѾɫĲˣ˵Ը⿴ġ
Ҫ֪һɹοתֲõٰӶ  ڣˮһգ
ֹЩοһξֲɱʱ˻ͷˣ
ԭο컹лҶӣһʧȥ⻷ټһͣѵͣĻ״̬˭ܹµóˡ
ʱ˭Ը⻨ǮһѾһ඼ûߵˣ
˵ξֲһоοְҵĻһ۵ľš
㡭ŲһԱ򲻵˿ɲһ׷ˡ
׿˿Ǹ˵ǺǣŲȦӻ첻ȥ
㡭ߣƣβֵдοȻǶͣнˮˣ㻹վ߸
˴˿̶ο̬ҲǱ˺ֹܶ࣬άɫ  ΪоοѾûκεüֵƺܹһδˡ
ȥıҲΪĵǣ  ΪȥʱοΪӵľ9򣬰ӳɹ
һʤƽĳɼõ֣ǿ  ˵ûοʵȥξֲѾӳ˼׼ȥˡ
ףֵֶӭӭ
׿Цŵһֱӵܾ
ţξֲѾˣһֱӵֶܾӦҲ֪ģϼһǳ⣬ڽ껮ξֲʽûеλ
˵Ҳʵ飬֮ǰŶűΣգ  ˭ǮóͶأֻ򲻵ѵԨǾԲԼһִӸġ
ΪԨһᣡ  ҲǵͷǰʱĿǿ찡һļǵøʱ緢ֻϧξֲǰδе
ֶǹͶξֲ𣿡һԵ᳤ܻ׼ʵ
׵ͷ᳤ܻʵұ֪ϼŻôһҵʱҲûиǺǡ
ϲ𣿡׳ڴʵ
ҶûʲôȤСҶĿ񶼲̫ðʼ
һԵ᳤ܻ̾һֲֶʲô뷨𣿡
΢΢ҡͷʱûУҼȻˣǾȶһСĿ꣬ȷ˵֮뽭񻰾ֲӮ򣡡
᳤ܻһ㶣Ҳסˣ  񻰶ӵӮֱΰ  Ҳ̸ģ񻰶ȥ׻ƳĹھԲܵս˹ھ
ʵ֪ˣҪ˵񻰶ӣǲܵģ  ξֲθ񻰶ӵƽ֣ȫǽҶ񻰶һ7ſ
˵ζӵı񻰶ӵǱ˼㡣
ɼξֲȴҲֻıȷֶѣǵķ߽ʵʵ̫ˡ
õĻ񻰶ӹпܵġ
׿Цһֶô˵ɣ񻰶ĿǰӵżĹԱǵĴԮһһʵǿȫŷϵĵ֮ǣ޵°Ϊ
޵°˭üʵ
ֶȰ֪ܲˣֻҪ֪ģ϶֪޵°֣ȻһǣҲܹŽǰˣΪ΢һЩĻҲ񻰶ӵġ
᳤ܻҲ֪һãȻӣ϶ǲ֪˵ġ
Ҳǵͷ޵°ʹһЩȥ׻򳬼һʮ޵°һ˶30򣬳Ϊ׻ƳĽѥ
޵°ֻһΪģʣµҲʵ൱׺ʮ񻰶һ82ʧȴֻ11ǿĹͷֱƿֲ𣡣᳤ܻҲǵ
ֶҵҲǳ־Լ磬񻰶ʵ̫ǿˡĿǰӵݺԮˮƽҪ񻰶ӶԿǲܵġǲܣ׻κһ֧ӿ¶ܣ
Ԯô򰡣׿ʵ
̸ֲȻԱ̸˫ĻǾOK׻ƵˮƽͣԱ۷ǳĸߣһŷһǧŷԪԱ׻ǧŷԪ𲽣û˼Ҳ
׵ͷɣһϵ˿ˣ᳤ܻ֮ǰ˵ǾֲģΪʲôֲأ
᳤ܻҲ̾һ᳤ֱܻ̫ˣĸܡ
ĺʵ
鲻Ҳա᳤ܻڰֵƺҲ˵ˡ




1102ıϲ
 

ܾң
׿᳤ܻ֮ǰͲ˵ˣĿǰ⡣һ᳤ܻ⣬᳤ܻ֮ǰһЩᣬǴӸոҿξֲĸ飬֪ûȤΪξֲשأ
ֶҡ᳤ܻһʱЩƿԣû뵽׾Ȼʱ˵Ļ
᳤ܻЦŵ᳤ܻЭĻ᳤еܸߣҿֶԿһ£
ǰܣҪܹҵĻҲܹɺܶడҲЦŵ
᳤ܻһ󼤶˵ֶһ߾ȫΪθǣ
һɣܣξֲܾܾ͵ְܵλɣӦҲͦϤˣĹ䣡ô
ǺãξֲĿǰڲԱ֮СҲɸΪ֮
ԭѾϤ뿪ΪĿǰֲĲ״˾޴⡣
ֶ˵ĵɣҲ֪˵Ķôļ򵥣ܹ벻һǮ֣
ܵĵʽɣ׿˿Цʵ
ͷֶҲЦЩ⡣
Щ˼˵ϼһЩѣֶˣһֶŰɣ
ֶܸܲ͸ףǧǧǧǧ򣬺ôиҲ֪ѡ
˵˵ŶоԼ˵ȥˣĸծĲˡ
΢΢һЦǧǲܵģ
˵ֶǧ򲻿ǧҪİɣҪȻʵǾӪȥ˰ҲӲĿοӣûκεĵġ˵ʵղҪ˾ˣһǧ򰡡
һͷɥӣԭѰ˼ֶܹӵͶʣ˼Ҷȷ˵ǧ򲻿ܣ  ӪһֲǧʵǷǳǳٵˣֻܹά֣֧Ļϣ  һԵ᳤ܻܣڣŶȹڣܿͻкתġ
˵᳤ܻԼ˵ԼЩţ  ϼŵҲǹעģΣӰѾ͹˳ϼܲ߳һδ֪ء
ܲʧȥϣɣֲҪӪأ  ׿ӣЦЦܣǧ㲻̫𣿡
ɶֶ˵ɶ
һ֮·Ǵ˼ѪһĿףǧ̫ˣѲһڣ
ҪĻȥǰ棬ıϣ
ʵξֲԱȻʵһ㣬ƴʮ㡣
ǵĶ׻ƳҲڵģȴڵһ
Ҫǽ˷⣬ʱǱӦûκεѶȵģ
ֶ˵ǧ̫ˣҲЦŵ֪ǶôǮġ
᳤ܻһҲǼʵֶ˵ģܸܲۡ
׵ͷҪôȻҪȻҪõġղ˵ڶڽһ֧񻰾ֲĿںţҲǰ׺ġŪʮڰɡ
ȥһѹԼļĻֱͨͨ  ʮڣ  ʲôԼ붼һ𾪣  һԵ᳤ܻʿˮֶʮڣ桭ļٵİ
ЦŵôɣҲ֪ӪһֲҪٵĳɱ׼֮ǰ˵ġڶ飬ǹߵ顭
ߣ˿һ̳ͮܿפߵפӼߣֶʶ
ʶǽοôԵ˼ҵĵˣΪֱ˷ָ׳һԱƷòϣߵٺҲǰ״
ֶûûôء
ͮһ׵ĻԼҲЩ̫˼˵
ߣҽŵһĵҴֲһµģ֣صĸǸ׳
ֶһⲻȥģͮʼ
ڶԺξֲֻһפӼߣ㲻̳ܿˡǵŶͨұ˻ܺת㣡׳
ллֶллֶ
ڵͮҵֵõˣѾһ൱õزˡ
οˣֲ
žǻ𱬵ģϾοǹҶӵĳԱűעȻǺܸߵġ
Цŵ߲ڱĵطˣҲƸߵξֲŷˣнʮ򣡡
ֶ⡭⡭
ͮĲ֪˵ʲôˣ֮г𺳻𺳡
˼һôǮͶˣȻΪԼôһССԼŵ
ξֲϣˣδ򻷾˾޴ġ
Ͷˣֺγ׻Ƶʢأ  װڰֵҸߵŵκ㶼ұ˵ĵ绰ϵ
ллֶ
ͮг˸жһʿΪ֪ĸо
һԵҲΪ۷Ҫ֪һߣǺʵǲġ
Ҹϵһ£ɡ׿Ҳ΢΢һЦ




1103±Ƶĸ
 

칫ڣ  ˵϶ǳֳһĨ֮ɫ˭˿̵鶼൱ļģ  һξֲ׵ĸͷ棡  ǼҪǰСС֣ʵ󶼸оԼһĲӦ
Ǹղֶ˵׷ӶʮڵͶʵʱǳ˷ܼһ㵸  Աߵ᳤ܻҲòȥ˾Ǹһ㣬һӾͿԷһۣȻһЦ
֪ˣΪǺεȵĻأ  ˵ӦΪˣֲԼϵѪ
һССһԾΪ˶ӣмǺܶ˶벻ġ
׻򳬼ȺԵľ棬ξֲѾ纽ڴеһҹ´ʱĬΣա
һƺȥˣʮڵͶԽһе⣡
֪ҪԼĸ׵ľٶӵļᶨԼϼ׵һˡ
׷˷绰ǲʶֻпܲҿˡ
ι𣿡׵һͨľǸĵ绰
Ҫ֪ŷѪͳĿǰõļɶŷء
Ҳǿ⸥ܲ취
װˣǴ绰˰ٺ١
оģʹһƺھһޱ䣬Ȼûֳޱƺ֮С
Ҫ׸Լ飬ҲµԼˣһֱڵȴ׵ĵ绰
û뵽ôʱ䣬ԼԼ
绰˹ȥϾЩҲñ
Ǻǣô׿Ÿʵ
ٶȺܿ죬Щҩ൱棬ĿǰѾǴﵽʮʹļ𣡣Ҳһļ
Ҳ󷢲ƣû֪ʵʵ
ûܹμվȽŸʱ֮ǰԼǱֵ͵Ƚϵĺã  һиһ£ʶô
򣿹ǿŷΪȵ˶û֮һҶûȤź˵
ŶһΪʶءҲǵ˵
Щʧ̵ˣҲȤ
ǣͷô飬뿴ܲܶʵǱһˮƽһЩԮҲ˵Լ⡣
һЦˣɣ˹һ绰Σ
˹£ǸѪСӣЦʵ
ٺ٣ˣСӶͦȵģ˵򾭼ʶģмĺѡӦÿ԰æ
Լ첻飬֪˿԰쵽ҲʧΪһְæ
ŶǺǣһҴ绰ɡûʲôɣʵ
ܶడˣһֱ㱨ȴһֱûлᣡ
˵˵ʲôҸȤġЦʵ
ˣѪĻ߿ײ峤ͻȻǿʧĳǿ߰ȻֳˣʵôǿѪָտɴ
֪һһҲҵˣ׵˵
ȥûЦɣڵ绰ͷѾ۾һصĸо  ʲô׼ʵ
˶ٵоӢһƵĸɭȻعӢˣ֮ǰһֱHKǱߵġ
ţ峤Ѿ츥ɭ˳Ҿ̫幬ˣ׵
ļٵİоԼƺڣЩ˵һ£϶֪
ʲô£Цеʵ
˵ȱ˺ܶĽ̻֮λ
³һĽ̻ʵǻ䣿׳ʵ
ˣҶĻ׳ɣôʲô֪һΪ
˿̸оЩˣкܶ鶼Ƿǳܵġ
ЩҲͨԼ֪ģû뵽˾ȻѾ֪ˡ
̫˰  ׳ǱߺúõĴţ̻ʵǻôֵ飬ôҲȥһӰ
ˣҪƻ̻ʵǻɣҪ֪Ǹʱźܶڽ̲ǿ򡭡ϳ˵֮ɫ
ͰĵĵŰɣȻ˵ߣҾڸһϢݿʥŮҾ̫幬أϻн̻
ЦЦȸӦĹѾǹ˵绰
Ŵ˿̵ĸ󣬿϶һ±Ƶӣ
ȷ˿쳣ıƣԭ׼Լ׵ڵģû뵽ҪԼߣѾ֪ˡ
Ƶ̾һȻ󽫵绰˹ˡ
ӵ绰һףҲŵ̽绰ȥˣ




1104绰㶨
 

HLĳׯ԰
ŷ޵ĳڲ˹¼ܲڵء
طԲﶼǱ˹¼ˣＸΪһֻ˹¼˽أ  ˲֪ǣׯ԰ĺ棬һͨѪڣ
ԴӿײĻع֮Ѫ˹¼һεĻ  -˹£Ҳ൱Ĳ  ֻǵĵ绰֮ҲǷɿĽ绰ף  ϾҲ׵ˣҲ֪˿ײҲѾΪ׵ˡ
ȻһԼ˵ʵʵ̫ǿˣ
ˡ
һ绰ͨӶ΢΢Ĺ𣬿ȥأ  ײߣƺȴѾϰһУ  Цŵ˵˰ɣ
ţˣѾ˵ˣ֪Ҫԡдص˵
׵ʵҲǺܶӦöɣһ׻ƳӣʵһЩԮûɣ
Ȼû⣬һģֻҪҶԸ㶨Ȼˣ˷Ҫλ
Ϊףǿʲô鶼óģ  ЦŵνҪǰɣ
ǾûģһģҪȻڴ˹͹ȥ
˹ʲô˰׿ʵ
˹ľˣµĺԱǳĶ࣬ҪҲǺܸߣЦŵҸŵ˹ѣӦòҪ̫ߵģ
УʹɣڵҲýһ¡Цŵ
һ磬ǵִｭˣ
׸˼֮Ҳǹ˵绰
ԮҲż˲ſԣԮɾͲһˡ
ֱһεĽ绰˻˼֮ǰС˵ǼǰǸġ
˼ҲһʱûϵˣĿǰϼŵķչͷʵû˼Ŀࡣ
ԼʲѾ쳬Լϵˣ  ָ֪ĻǸ˵ǿԼϵСأ
ָ磬ôҴ绰˰˼һӵ׵ĵ绰ƺҲ泩
΢΢һЦٶⲻҪϰæ
ۡ˼洫һܿһžŹʮӣ˼Цһָ磬ɱ顭
Сûиɶȱ£ë߰ˣ˵°ɣ򼸸ߵĺõˣû·ӣ
׶Ż˼ԼǮûκε·ӵġ
˼һ׵ĻЦŵһΪɶأ򼸸С˼ԮԮ
ӴǣСͦרҵЦŵ
˵ָ磬Ǽǰǿ׻ƳİڵӰֻ˶ѣԴǺܶġ
˼ǵʲãҲȷԴǷǳķḻģȻЩԴǿԼϵġ
ЦŵԮԮѾˣ
ˣҵ˭װ˼ƺ׻ЩģϾоԼͦרҵġ
Ҳ֪һ˹ˡ΢΢һЦ
ոȥõõãû˵˹˵ɶ˼˷ֻۣ׿
׶Ż˼Ԯа취ͳɣ
ָ磬֪ܵĸİɣ֪ܵɶ͵İɣ˼Ƶʵ
ɣСôҪȻһһɷôҸոչϼţһֲԺڸ˵̵ʱŪһǿݳ
Ҳϻ绰Ҳ˵ô࣡  ˼һ׵ĻֱӵûⰡȻĻһȥָ˼ԽԽûզΣ
벻񻰶ӲԼŰɣ׳
񻰶ӣҵǸ񻰶ô˼Цŵǲǵָ˰
СҪɩû˵
ȥɩĸɩ˼ʵ
һȿȣ֪ġ
Բۣñָˣţ˼һ𾪣ʵҲ֪ײֹһŮˣóˡ
ǿǼΪͳĻȻϵľˣҲ̫ˣ
ôˣѾͬˣͲҪСӲˣϽɣСأʵ
ھأСʱ͵˼Żķɱȥ
⾩ǵķɻ̫ˣҲܹʱ䣡
׵绰Ԯ鶼㶨ˣȫܹͬʱеö˹ºͻ˼ˣҲֻԼˡ




1105ϰ岻Ǯ
 

һλصܾҵʱ򣬴˿Ǳ߻ȵţ
֮ǰֲҪ˶̵ʱڻֲҲǾøܣ
Ͼһʱ̫̣ҿɲĿռҲǺܴ
һԮתûиĿ̸иǲܵģЩԮȻʱܶһЩǹԱǱȽСġ
ʵ׻򳬼ľԮԮõĻӰĿɲһ㣡  ԮӲĻһ˲ͻһӳΪڵĶ顣
ֶҪȻȥԱ
ζ³ҲǼ˵Ҫ֪ξֲڵղá
ţһһѹҪСʱʱ䣬ȥֲԱɣЦŵ
һЦŵֶӣԱǴҲǺõİҲͦõġ
΢΢һЦǰҲ˼߰ɡ
ξֲѵ  ˿̺ܶԱڹĴ£Ǳѵ  ʵڶڵղǺܺãοҪߵϢܶԱƵı
ʵҲ֪ο϶Ǳˣ  ξֲѾǷµĹʣϾҪʼˣҲƷǳ  һҲɸΪ֮  ָղҿο񻰵ĸ˰
ǰָζӲô˰ɣӿʲôָҲûа
ڻڳüǮҪȥ˼׼±˰
ָǵĹʿкü¶ûз˰ܲȥֲ˵˵
ڿ˷˿̼ԱѾΧ
ǸղſοľˣǰѧŸߵ¡
׾ܹ뵽֮ǰοҪתĴţ  ʵ֪΢΢һֻ̾ܺúõѵˣаҾͿʼˣһЩʵǿӳ֣ǵıܷذ
ָǲǲѵǵĹʣ
˵˸ӵԱźƣ  źƿ˵ǳο֮һˣӳԱĵҶǶġ
źȥҲ֤ԼҪĳɫӵĻζӶˡ
ź֮ǰҲǱ˸ڹģǵźܹԨĲ֮ģˡ
ֲҲǰһ״̬ҲΪĲѡ
źƽŶʮְ꣬ҵĻڣһǵ۶ˮ
⣬Ҳ൱𰡣
źƣǸӳôҲ尡ںĶĹͨղûпܵĳҲȥ𣿡
Ҳǵȥ̸һ̸źƳ
Ҫ˵һԵļ˼ͬ˵ܺˡ
ܿ죬ЩԱѾʼѵˣǵĿֻһǾҪֲ׻ûϣ  ûϣĻôǻı߾Ͱ  ϾԱְҵĺܶݣЩ겻׬㹻ǮĻôԺǿʲô׬Ǯأ
Զ߹ļˣҲ΢΢һ֪Ҫһúõѵôøһ  ⹤ʲôҲ˵ȥ
磬ǷнҲԸҲֻܰΪˡ
ܺá
˿ʱҲ
ڰֵҺã֪أҸλһξֲϰ壬ֶ³
ϰ壿Щȵ˵
һԵźƿܣĶأ
ҰΪѸߣù˾ҲһЩѣԡǸȻ˵λңֶһǾӪĸõġ
˵ҹƻӭֶ
ӭֶ
Щһ˵˵Щƺڱһ
׿΢΢һЦƺ̫ӭң
źƿ׵ֶǲ֪ʲôͷĶһֱǲģóȻϰǡ
ظ飬ĴָȻĻҲ˵ˣǷҵĹ˫ţÿ˵ĺͬǩٷһЩԱһĿǰг۶н
⡭ļٵİ˫ʣ
ϰôгۣǳĹʵͰ
ҪĻϰĪҲǸ
ǲ֪ӿȥһ㶼Ǯ
µһۣǵƺһӶת
һԵĸ׵ֶǿЦİɣ
أ׿̵̴绰
һȻòûյǮ֮ǰԲòμѵһһ
ܿˣת˵ÿһеĹ̲죡
ҲżԱǱ죬СʱʱһζԼҲȥţһ¾ñУ԰Ϣ
һԱ˫ʵ˵ʱѾǳ׵ըˣ  Ҳ¶һ˿ЦݣֵˣҲܹһˡ
ֻҪӮ񻰶ӿ¸ܰ  ףҲ¶һ˿ΣɲǮܹĶ
ͣͣ
ʱſһ⳵˽




1106һλɶ
 

⳵ţĿ˳ڣЩûзӦĹں׷Ҳһƣ  һ֪ǻ˼Сӵˣһﻹţ氡  ֱӳˣ˸оһ
ʵ⳵˾ԭҲǱȽϵ͵ˣһλⱲӦôţƵĿˣ
׻Ƶһ˼
˾ʶ˼ģֻǰڵԻֻϿ˼Ƭ  ǽǼˣҲѪڡ
˼һȥһԵĻľͳȥˡ
֪Ϊʧķأ
⳵˾Ҫһ˼ǩֻգȻһ̵ľˡ
ѣȻǲҪˣ  Ż˼ī˸ǰ˹Ǽ׷ȴѾ׷ˡ
˭ôţ
Ŷ滪˼˹Ҳ΢΢ü
ȻϰݵҲ̫ʶʱˣ
һԵ¶һ˿ǳǳЦݵֶѣ
ţѣЦЦ
ԭֶѰǡǾͷˣҲЩεЦЦ
˿źϤԶ߹Ļ˼ҲЦЦ
㻹Цŵ
˵Ĺע£˼ĳ˹װڰֵָ磬ٶȹ԰ɣСʱ¼˰
СӾ͇Nɪɡû˵
˼ǻ˼Ȼƺʲôһ󾪺˵
һԵˣϸĶһǻٶ
ȥ˼ļٵģϰ徹Ȼٶʶ
ҪĻԺǾֲӿɾͺù˰˼ҿ׸ĹӰ
ɲզΣҪĻԺǾֲţˣ
꣬ϰ嵽ʲôͷҲǸٶһɣҸ̫ͻȻ˰һ׶ûУ
Ѿըˣ˵Ŀⶼ˻˼ϣ
⻪˼ǿǷﰡͲ̸ģ˼һվǾʵ  ˼΢΢һЦλŮʰָ磬˭Ҳֵܽܽܣ
ϼܲܣλѾϳˣҾͲ˰ɣЦŵ
ǻٶҲǷˣ˼ֶţ
㺰˹ǾǴ˵е  ˼׵ٺ٣ָ磬˵˵İֲһһĹɷݰǮɶ׼˰
ǮС׼׼νøڹЦŵ
ָ磬Ч㻹ԮĻҪһ㣬ԮĻһӵġĿǰһˣΪǹҶӵĳԱ۸ǳİҲȽϵأһҡ
˼˵ԴټãҪ̫Ķ
֮صλ׳
˼ЦŵֻҪָͷͰˣҪһָһùզ졭
СӣϽˡ׿Ż˼Ц
˼Цŵָ磬ӿһ룡ܲľŪõʱһ˼
װһۻ˼Ȼ˵Ժ˼ҲξֲĹɶϰ壬λҲþ֣
δ䣬᳤ܻһԵ߶ѾǼ
֣ͮкܶĿд
⡭⻪ٶȻιˣԺǵӿɺù˰
㿴ٶֶôӣҿ˼ֶͷҲС
㶮ɶٶĺ˭ǿǻŷŰֶǮҲܸ˼׸Ȱɣ
˵ҲǣҲ֪ϰˣأ
źƵԭһĸˣǵڷ˵ʱΪڴҵĹҲüͷ  ֶǲ֮ͲҪЩˣ
źƵ˼֮ƺ뵽һü޵⡣
һ˸ֻЩԺлȻӦûˡ
һԵ˿׵ֶǶεˣҲһδҼ뵽˳Ȼ
װڰ֣˿źʵʲô֣
ֶҽźƣξֲԱźƿȻ
׵ͷźƣиλξֲֵǣĳ˽Ͱѻ˵ˣӿ϶ҪдѪҲڱе飡
ǲǾҪֲˣźеĵǿȥҪΪʵˡ
ЦŵҲԣҸһŵǳȥ˳ʱԻʱǾֲиĸλǲˣһӳԺȲóнڽƽʵʮ
ֶ˵ģźʿˮھһӵı˰
׵˱ȽϿظ飬ǵĸȻҲõرǰǾֲûŵĳλŵ
ǡһϰǸʲô𣿡źʼ벻ͨզôǮأ  Ȼ˼ĺãɴͷβҶ֪Ǹʲôġ
ЦŵֶϼŶ³ϼŴҶ˵ɣԴҲҪֶĻֻҪǺúøɡ




1107
 

ȥϼţǸϻױƷϼŰɣ
ҪǡֲҪ˰
˵ϼǿǳ˾ڻٶһǮ֣
û뵽ֶôᣬȻϼŵĶ³ҵιԹԡ
ԱѾǳ׵±ˣһԵļԮŷ𾪵ĻҲŵðֱƺһ㣡  ϼŵ̫ˣ󵽼ѾǼˣ  ԭЩһ˿ǵԱǣ˫ʣҿǩͬҲЦտ
˵ܹҲõķʣпܳΪǿӵһԱ  ǺֶΪأ
ԭĽһҪɶڴŵĻǻľ˴۾ˣ  ڶһ磡
һεξֲͮȥ֮ǳҹδߣ  ׸̸ʱҪ©Ϣ  Ȼŷǳܣ˵иӾĶҪԼʱҲǼһҹδߣ  ͮǵһߵļߣȥ֮׸һʮֽ֧Ʊֱȥһ
ʣµЩǮԭ׼ףȴ׸ܾˡ
׺ͮſڻغϣ߽İ칫ҵʱѾȺˡ
ָ磬ǼѾ㶨ˡ
˼ȿڵһԵĺܶѾϲЦտ
ڸղѾǽӵ˶Ҿֲĵ绰Ҫתˡ
ƽʱ񶼲ԼЩҶӶԱǣһǵ绰ϵģĵĲУ
׵ͷţһˣ
һˣгһǰ棬˼ʱҾֲҲϷԡ
˼ʼ磬ԭҲΪȫԸ㶨ģڿѶƺǳĴ
΢΢ͷţ˽һ£ԱλûǿԵģǹҶӵˮ׼ҪˣʱӦҲˣޡ
û⣬ֻҪڸһڵʱ䣬ٻԸ˵ӣ˼΢΢һЦ
ЩʲôʱԿʼʵ
ԱѾ½ĴطϹ׼ˣѾźˣ˼Цŵ
һԵ᳤ܻ΢΢ͷֶղѾˣѾϵҽԺЩӦûġ
һӾǩԼţ
ͮ˿ɫЩĸоѪҺͨҲڲϵļ٣
ͮ˵һԵ¶Ļᰡ
ҪҪĸߵ֪ȡ
ξֲôһСط˰Ҳһš
ͮоԼҵҲǺһ߶ˡ
û뵽һеƺȻĿʼıˣ
һû뵽˾ţ֪Ķţ
Űŵȼ׻Ƴˣ  ЦŵСһز˰
ҲǵͷղһѾǴ绰ˣѾξֲ·ϡ
ѣʲôѣ˼ЩĿʵǸ³ɣ
Цŵ
ʲô˼Ժкֳܿһ˵ף  -˹£  ǿ˹¼˳λ̳˰ûԺյļһﾹȻ̸ָܵʲôת᣿˵ȥ˻
˹ֲʱŵ˹Ҳ΢΢ü  Ȼû뵽ߵĻôĲ
˵ʵһȫǿϵģ׻ҲȷǺţ棡  ⹺Աǿ̾Ϊֹ˹׻߶׬ȡ˲ƵӶˡ
⡭طҲ̫ƾһɣ
˹ǰѵʩΪĳ¾ɣطȥҲرĴбʧ
ʵϽ񻰶ӵ޵°ͣ˹ɹĽ  ʱ񻰾ֲǳغѵʩȫŷЩӡ
ξֲǸʲôⰡ
˹˹ҵѣϣȥʱܹ͵һЩøһЩӣΪﲻ𣿡

˹оһŭ
ʵϣƽʱһֺϵĸоӡ
ֻû뵽׻ƵĵؽϣȻΪһ׻˸Լŭˣ
˵ʲôͷ˹СҲʼЩͨͨ
߰ɣһֶܹϣ˹ԸõĶ
ˡֱԣΪʲôᡭ˹ʵǲ˵ĵλô׻һССľֲأ
ŷ޵˶֪˹¼ǿǺеĺţǮĴ尡  ļԭǷǳĸ߰ﻹʲôŵӰأ  ֱһСµһ㣡
˹΢΢һЦ˹Ѿ˵ˣֻҪҵĽͺˣٺ٣
ðɣұǸˣܹ㹻ʽĻһʹЩתɵģҵ˹Цŵ
ǽȥɡ
һ˿̵һļΪҪһεļˡ




1108ŸǮ
 

ܾң  ˹ƿŵһɲǣ  ᳤ܻסˣ˲ʶλ̳Ĵǿʶġ
˹ǿ̳ĳҲǺܶǵľˣ  ŵ˵ŶӼϽ֮һĶ̳ǣ  һ˺ȻСᣬôܹ˲е̾أ
ֶ
һɫĳ׵ķֱȥ֡
ֵλ˹
˹˿΢΢һЦֶĴ˹ܸ˼
Ǻǣ֮ǰ˹̳ĵλǳĸߣһҲҰ
΢΢һЦȻʾ£  ˹֮ЦЦֶ֮ǰҲû˵֪ҪʲôλԱ
ԽʵԽǿԽã΢΢һЦ
ǺǣԱҵϵһЩԴ۸񡭡
˹һ͵ˣ֪ô󻯡
׶ԴҲ⣬׬ŷ˵ǮҲ٣ȥһҲν
ЦŵǮ⣬˱֮ڵߣ
ֶҲһļ˰ֻҪʽλȫûκεģ֮ǰѾѯһЩԱǵҲҪʮˣϣһȶĺͬ
˹Ҳ֪һЩԱ׷ҲһЩԱǿʼ׷ˣ
ǰҪгҪһҪһЦŵ
ĸԱ˹һεȷϵ
Ȼ״һָ
˹ǰĻƼǿʲʣһз棬ʵǿŷڶžֲЧںͬҲҪˣҸֲĹϵôҲҪ뿪
ʿˮһ˰
׻ŴȣǴˣ  ˾һʱսҾ˵ǵ͵ĸз棬û֮һ
ôܡ
ײ֪ˣ˵ɫУѾǿԿóӦǷǳǿġ
ǿǳǿξֲܹõʵɲһôļ򵥰󼤶˵
ãҪˣ׳
ֶͲҵı𣿡˹ôţӣҲǱ
˵һ¶һ˿Цݵ
˹Цŵãһλǰɣ˹֮ǰЧ׺ŰǾֲҲǶѣҲҪӡֻҪ㹻Ǯܵ
ûƼģʵ
жг׺ͰźʵҲӹɵġĸһӣŷҲ൱ˡ
˹ԱҲ൱˽⣬һĻҲ൱ţ  Աص˽ķǳ  ΢΢һЦֶ⼸֪ģʵǷǳǿ˾ͿͶʹõ֣ǳʵãҲ൱ţ
׵ͷУĸ˴ɣϣ֮ǰϵߣΪջһ
գ˹Щ𾪵Ŀ׵⡭ֻҪֶǮʱĵλûκεġ
˵ŵ˹һ쵽͵ǮȥǶˣ˹Щɸֵ˵
ӺôһǮ
׿΢΢ҡͷҲ޿ɺǵ飡˹۰ɡ
ֶҪĻŷԪǵнÿ˲ǧŷԪÿꡭ
˹۸쳣ĸߣ˵ܹ̳ˣ  ƽһǧŷԪתѲ̸нŽǰˡ
ĿǰнߵC޵ˣҲֻвǧн
ŷԪҵθ찡
ŵɫЩˣҲ֪˿϶ǹ󣬵û뵽ȻĹ  ŷԪǵǶǮһҲز˱ˣ
˼˿׵ŷԪ϶ˣӦһϡ
˹˿˵ʵҲ֪أ׻ˮƽܵͣһӦҲ֪ģЩҪǹĻǾˡͬǱⲻ˵ģĻΪʲôҪأ
װڰֵŷԪû⣡
ֶ׳ͽҰɣŷԪҳ
ˣ˹ΪǵĽ⣬û뵽һﾹȻҪǮ  ҡҡͷǮȸǵϣϾǶŷ޵ģȽϵķ㣬ʱһ˸Ǣġ
ֶŷԪ˵С˼һøлǼľ֮أ̵
ʵлĿɲǶ˹¼ľ֮ǶѪ峤ײ˹µľ֮ˡ
ŷԪǸǲֵһᣡ
˼һµãǾôˣ




1109¶ĵĸܱ
 

̳ܿܲ
̳ܿ׻Ƶһ־Ե౨ֽǲͳıֽŻվһ顣
ϢɣұȨԵΪ
ֻ̳ܿЩ͵ŻվȣǵȴԽԽˡ
ֽ̳ܱܿƺ䣬һĸܱʤ  ˿ʤİ칫һˣΣ
ʤԶֶӣ̳ܿߺܶ˶֪ġ
壬˵ξֲǱߵοҪӰҴźܶ࣡ڶ񻰶ӵϢ
ΰԺڹ˾ͲҪҶˣǡʤγ
ǣܣ졭ĳԼһ£Ȼ壬ҪȻȥξֲǱ߿
ȥξֲʲô㸺񻰾ֲ𣿡ʤʵ
ܣֲǲ֪²ǼܲҪһŽ׻Ƴ²ӣҲûɶ󶯾ۿ쿪ˣûеʲôΪĻ
εӿȥǳƣƺܵʲôĴһ㣡  ʤγСӣȥŽ㻹룿
ܣҲ֪ǼҵŽǮĽ𰡣ʱǶһ壬һ˻ء
οʤ̵˶ǮǳĿء
˵ˣ˭ֲϲǮأͷǮһãûǮ϶ܵġ
ڼϽôߵķۣһ˭ܹܵأ
ʤһô°һľ͵Ǯȥ˰ɣͬ⣬ܿҲͬģ
壬ŽƾʵƾǶߵĵݲð׵ġֻҪһըԵţǿ϶ǵʷǳߵġοΪг㣬Ҿ˵Ҫתͬ񻰶ӣԵĻⰡ
οʤ˵·ֻҪţܹõŽһ㡣
ʤһתʵζǲСڸ𰡣
ǰ֮ͮǰҸ˵ο飡ƺһϢûУҸ绰˵ʱ
Щ˵ۿŽѡϾҪĻˡ
õһƬŸڵ
Ҫ֪ȥƾ񻰶תгĴ޵°͵ϢѹԵƶŽ
ǳͷģ  ǮǶ˵ҲĸµĹʰ
ʤξֲϢϾ߸ģ˼ҰϢø㣬Լú𣿡
壬ʲôʵİ˵ˣͮһոתߵ˶ѣҪͬĻ͸СЬ
οʤһһӵĻˮأ  Сӣ㻹ͦƻʤ΢΢һЦ
Цŵ壬ҸղŴ绰ͮһͻҪȻ̸һ̸
ʤãһҰɣ
һ˶ֻҪԼĶĻ϶Ǻܹܿ㶨ˡ
ԼĪСʱ֮ͮص̳ܿܲ
˵˿Ļһļڸոգ֤ƺʷһתᣡ  رذһתᣡ
ɣ˹ס
ĸˣһ̳ĳţ˰⼸˵תҲǣ̳ġ
Ǹ˾þȵǣĸתгĴ㣬ͬʱҪתᵽξֲ
ͮţŶ̳ܿΪһţû֮һ
ټӵһתĶȨͶҲɷȨһԵøӵˡ
˵͸ıͮˡ
ͮûдӦȥξֲϯŹٵһ˵ְλ
ԼרҵҪԼŬɾһҵ  񣬻ԼǰԸ  Ը⣡
ͮ϶ǲԸǰһεĻģ  ʤİ칫ң
δͮʤİ칫ңԭͮҪʤ㱨һεġ
ûеȵڣʤѾǿˣ  ʤͮЦŵСͦİɣ̳ܱиѵôûȤ
ѵͮһ±Ƶӣʱпȥμʲôѵ
ͮʤܣξֲϾͻдˣҡʱȥμѵ
ôҵİ㶼ˣʤͮѾͬ־ĹˣȻˣʱҲһڵĹѣʱξֲ
ҡҲͬ⣡
ͮһҲ֪ôʤײ֪ʱԲܹߡ
Ѳ⸱ܱǲ֪ʲôϢʱԼ뿪ǲժ  ο˿ͮ˵ͮһѵһûᣬɱ𾴾ƲԳԷư
㡭ǲ֪ʲôͮСĿʵ
γ֪ʲôοҪת񻰶ӵϢǰ͸¶İɣűҵģҲûʲô᲻õİɣ
ͮΣһһﻹ֪飡




1110µʮͮ
 

ʤİ칫ڣ  ͮʵĵĵǺģһĵġ
ͮʤ⸱ܱ࣬Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪʱҰѵоܾȨɣ
ߣͮҪЩˣͮӦûз֮ǵġ
û뵽С椵ӾȻôĻ𱬣ʱֱӾͶײԼĶ壡  ʤҲˮű˵棬ͮľܾǾԼ²̨̫
Ҫ֪ǵλ֣̳ܿŵĶ³ܲȺ֮⣬ֻܱһˡ
ܱ౾ĲϣȨֲһˡ
ܱ಻ϲʤʤҲǲϲƺˣ
ʤͮһССʵϰߣ˭ĵӸҵİţҸֻͮ·ߣһǷӰţһǴְ¸ڣ
ͷҸô׵飡  һ׶ܵΣӰ죬ܶҵǲô
һеĻ˵ܹʱʵĹ˾ǿɵĶǺù˾ˣ  ܹ̳֪ͮܿý幫˾Ѿ൱ˡ
ʤ֪ŮĲںԼĹĻԲԼ  ͮĹĵĿʤ⸱ܱ࣬û뵽㾹ȻˣβֶôάҵĹΪʲôҪΪܲ𣿡
ͮԽԽʤɫҲԽԽ
ⳳܿĴ뵽棡
ֿʽİ칫ʤĸܼҲֻһİ칫Ҷѡ
һģһˣܿͻᴫ뵽棡  ʤͮͮҳȥ
ȥͳȥҲˡ
ͮ˿ҲĺܣƽʱĻĲҶײʤ
Ѿ˲֪ٴΣ˺ܶܶţˡ
棬źܶƬŵʱȴԮļˣʱ϶ǸӶࡣ
ֻҪƬȻͲôĻˣ
̳ܿȱ㻹תأʤҲǷŭĴӣƺǳķŭ  һССսϣ  ҪǴȥĻǻ˸Ц  ˿̣̳ܿܲĴ¥棬ʱ̳ܿĶ³ܲȺڸƺ̸飡
Ⱥʵߣϰ鶼ǽƺġ
ƺʤҲûʲô̫⣬ʤΪʲôһֱѹƺ䣿
ʵȺҲ֪ʤЩʱ򲢲ϲռһЩСˣ
˵˵ȥ˵϶ûģĸȴС̫̫ˡ
һ˵ĸСעûжĳϢǣ
նʤķ洫
˿ƺȺӲ̳ܿĴ¥û뵽ʱȻ˲г  ʤʲôأô󣿡ȺҲǳʵ
ƺЦŵնҾͲ֪ˣûиݾûзȨףиСܳˡ
ȺҵҪʲô⸱ܱܹô
ƺ䵹⿴ЦЦŵնȥ칫ңϴλС͵
ȺĬ뿪ߣƺӲҲûˣ
ͮƺ亰סʱҲ㶣
ܿ죬ƺȥ˶³칫ң˿л߲ѡ
Ѿͨˣʵڲоֻ뿪̳ܿˣ·ͮԷ·ҲǷſ˺ܶ࣡  Ⱥİ칫ң
ʲô֣ȺͮǱԼ³еĸ߰
һԵƺЦŵնղʹˣλǹ˾ҵʵϰ߽ͮӦǽոս򱨵ļߣ
ͮȺ˿ͮ
ֻͮǵ˵ն˼Ѿ׼ְˡ쵼Ҳûκε˼
ô£Ⱥͮһʵ
ͮţԼҲҪˣǺͰԭԭĽһ飡
ξֲϢֻδᣬΪʲôҪأĹ˾ֵȥΪǸ
Ⱥ֮ŭӵֱ֣ʤһȻΪԼֶλ˵ĲֶΣһССŸҲҪ
һԵƺ΢΢һЦն֪ɣһһȵŽҪѡˣܹ䶯ˡͬе֮תᣬǿԶȱģնôýˣӦñҪİɣ
СһһԲίñҵҪ̳ܿ˭˵㡭ȺŭĴӵ
ͮ˿ȺʵնҪΪССְԱͷ
ȺͮСȺƷ
նȻĻҵһϢҪ㡭ͮ΢΢һЦ




1111𺳵Ķ³ܱ
 

Ⱥİ칫ң  ͮ¶һ˿Ц⣬еƣȻвˡ
ȺССԱԼ˵ȻӣҲ¶һ˿ȵɫ
һԵƺ俴ͮСôն˵أ
Ⱥڰֵûйϵ֮ƽȵģҲû˭˭ͣСΪ˾ֵǾǹ˾ĹֻҪʤ˵ҶԽܵģǺǣ
նллͮЦŵʤҪֶȡңնŵĻڿѾְˡʧĲңŰɡ
ŶǺǣСûпͲ󣬿ǲСƺҲЦЦ
ͮǳţƺЦŵܣССһӦþ֪ˡһЩţξֲġ
ǺǣһССξֲܷʲô˻Ҫõοת񻰾ֲŵĻǵһܲšֻӰ쵽ҿڰɣ
ƺ˵ĿʵЩһԵȺʵҲôΪġ
ȺЦŵŵĴСȷǿԾŵˣһС˵Ҳûдģ
ͮ΢΢ҡͷοѾξֲ´ͣķͣѵͣͣн
ʲôξֲοͣôأƺȻ˽ľ֪ξֲһʲô״
ͣ  ξֲԼѩϼ˪һٶ
ƺȺԣǶڹڵȻ˵ָƣŻ֪ĺܶġ
״̬ǵлҲģǲŻξֲоһ𾪣
ȺͮС⡭ⲻ̫ܰɣξֲҲˣϼڷ籩ĳҡҡ׹ʱǻ
ȺòܣƺҲòܣ
ʵ֮ǰͮҲǾǲܵ飬һжˡ
ͮЦŵ˵һϢξֲ¶ͷܴ󣡣žҲȼ硭
ŶС˵ȺҲʿˡ
ͮ˿̿ȺӣĴָն˵ʵ⸱ܱܹһصĻҲӣ
һԵƺնҲҪ侮ʯʤԽԽˣ
ȺлһʰģСǵҰ¶˭ʲôͷ
ͮ΢΢һЦ¶ҹ˾Ͷʵģ
ǺǣһССֲҪҹ˾ϣͷٴҲ󲻵ȥɣ
ƺԵķʵˣأ  ôҲ뵽浽ǸʲôϵǵͮǱ߿ţû浽ʲô  ͮЦŵնܣҪȻǲһ£ֻҪ¶һңһдŷͣ
С㻹ͦƤǺǣȻҲµĻҾͲ²£ƺ俴ȺЦŵ
Ⱥͷ˵ʵ¿ԣҿǲ²СôţҹӦ󲻵ģѲͷ̫Īǻŷ¿ʼͶˣ
ҵ찡նţһҾȻ˰ͮȺҲ㶣û뵽նһ¾Ͳˣ
ŷţȥʵҪͶʣƺ侪̾˵Ҳ²ˣĲ²ˣ
ȺҲ𾪵ĿͮСһǡ
ϼţ
ͮЦе˵֪Լ˵֮󣬶˿϶Ŀɿڴˡ
Ȼ˿Ⱥƺһ͵ĿͮƺһеϢʵ̫̫ˣ
ȺʿˮϼţȻϼţС㡭ô֪ģ
ٺ٣ҸϼŵֶʶֶμŵĶұȨ
ͮΪŵ˵еλ٩٩̸ʱ  Ⱥ̾˵С㡭㾹Ȼʶֶ
ʶɣֶ˵ȥξֲϯŹ٣ҸܾˣҵǺúõţŹЩ̫ˣֶ˵ˣʱֻ˵ŷξֲ
ͮʼʵΪǵһ뷨
ȥ㡭㾹ȻֶܾţȺҲò˵
ƺնҾǿҪסС˲ŰͳһȰҾá
ţʤһҿҲûбҪˣСİ࣬úôССǸҾܾϼֶ˰Ⱑ
Ⱥ˿Ҳ̲ס˵Ů˻ͦǿģ
ͬ𾪣ұȨ̳ܿһڷɵĻᣡ
һԵͮѾЩĿɿڴˣԼܣ  ͮȺ̰ڰֵնն̫ˣʺϣǡ




1112ܱ
 

̳ܿܲȺİ칫У  ˿ҲһĻţҲû뵽Ҫ˵ʱҲס
ȻһЩأ  ҲʵǺõֱӴһʵϰ߱˸ܣֻʽĴǾ޽еġ
ȺڰֵɲǰĹӪλҾСУ϶Уô֪أ
ǰܱ࣡նȻˣⲻƺҲЦЦ
ͮЩε˵ҡĲҪġ
Ǻǣܱ࣬ʵҲҪǫ飡ղ˵Ѿ൱ˣ˵㻹иӾţ
ȺͮҲЩڴϾղϢ㹻ˣ
ͮˣóȻͼƬݸ˵նܣλӦʶɣ
⡭ǡ˹ƺϳ˹
һԵȺ̵񲻴˹Ҹһ棬һһ춯صﰡﶼпбըԵţǵȥ޵°ȥ񻰶ӣ˹ݵİɡ
ʱӦһļȥģⲻǺʤֶˣƺЦЦȻƾŵõ˵Ž⻹նԸ䷢Ľ
ߣʤȻôǮŹǡȺҲ¶һ˿֮ɫܿ쿴ͮʵС㡭㲻һξֲת˹йذɣ
ŷԪתᣡ
ͮһӿˣŷԪѾ㹻ˣ  ŷԪļٵİ̳ôˣ¾C޵ȳǶûôɣƺһ
ŷԪ
Ķܹ齨һ֧ˣͮϢʵ̫ˣ  ͮЦŵŷԪĸˣ
ĸ˰ȺЩʵȻ˿Ҳڴ
סɣ˹Сͮһ˵˳
Բۣ
Ⱥһӱ˴ֿڣȻǱָ𺳵ˣ  ļٰСǸǿЦİɣƺҲŵЩĿ˵
˵ܣþұܱ𣿡ͮƵ˵
ȺЦŵĻжұȨĻǡ̳ܿҪȫ𣿡
նСõұȨĻǿ϶ˣƺ
ȺͮСΪ̳ܿôĹ͵Ļְܵλҿȫûģ˭Ҫߴߴ۵ĻҶøǼ
  ˿̵ȺǷǳļôҲû뵽龹Ȼӵģ
ͮھԼĸǣ̳ܿĸǰ  ڸղţںƺţôܹ̳ܿ
ڵھǸԼһõĻᰡ  ͮϣǿԴȥֱֳǩԼʽҸξֲѾˣ㣡ʱǵվֱͬ
ãСȫȨ𣡣ʤιȺԭһ˿ԥѾʧ  ʤ˿ǳĲãһԼİοʵϾ䣡  ǵ̸ûжʮӵʱȴնԼ
ʤͮѾնİ칫ҵʱɫӵѿ
նְԱȻڰ칫ⶥײڮңΪҵĸˣҲ
ʤһȺ̱һߣ  ƺ䶷еģȺǿϰ壬ƨأ  Ⱥʤ΢΢һЦʤӽ쿪ʼֶӱˣ
նʲôʤһʼϰԵ׼ĸƨȺĻ֮˶Q
ûʲôΪѾʽͮСΪ̳ܿĸܱ༭ҵĸˣȺ
նһ֮԰ɣʤһߣ֪ȺӦͮ˵ʲô
ʤЩһЩҲ֪ģԽԽ֪ˡͮСǵĶҲֶ꣬δѹҶоûţ߰ɣһû֮ǰ
Ⱥýһ黹ĸߵģ
ʤ˿̿ȺҪŭӣ˳ȥ  ʤεӣͮ˲оһĽ
˾֪۸Щְˣȴû뵽Ҳһᷴأ
ʤҲǶжˣ
Ⱥ˸û˵ķϻͶýͣ  Ϊ죬Ǿͻῴźը




1113²м
 

񻰾ֲ
һֱæ飬񻰾ֲǲôģ
ٹ񻰾ֲξֲ֮һ
һ뵽¶þ  һһҪǸŰСӺúõĿԼʵ
ϻױƷѲԼͲ
ֻͶʵûҪѣСӾȻԼĸǰŸ  ǿ벻̰
񻰾ֲ³칫ң
ѧŴ˿һվĸǰΪĲѣ
Ҳ쳣ƣΪο飬챻ˡ
ѧţüĸʲô꿴ѧЦŵ
οתʧˣѧЩ˵
ʧˣ㲻˵ٷ֮ٳɹ𣿶תѾԲǧ򣡡ЩĿ˿ѧš
һһѺ֣񻰾ֲĹ֮£ҲǾ֣  һ£ûôʧֹһҲǱȽϵĺˡ
ξֲ֮ǰҸҲ㱨ˣɡǾǩԼǰһ̣û뵽Ȼһʲôֶ˵Ѿξֲ
ѧƵ˵ͷ뻹һķŭ  ҪǸСӵĸԤĻοѾ񻰶ӵһԱˣ
οʵûǿϧˣ񻰶ĿǰԱãκҪϳǣҲѰɣˡ
ЦЦ齨֮󣬶ڶ˵ѾǼҳ㷹ˡ
һŸҰģǾǶȡݼھĹھ
Ҫ׳ٵĻô񻰾ֲ׻ʷϿٵصĵһֲˣ
֮ǰûκһ֧ܹ˵
񻰾ֲǱǿ׳ǱĿѾɹĹھĿ꽣ָ޼ʹھĹھ
ѧųҾʲȥμţʲôǾȻ˵ǰοҲǣǡң
ЦһξֲıԭϼţֻϧϼѾŲ˼ˣſһЩҲġҪ϶ʸ𣿡
ѧҲǵͷǰ֪μŽʮӻҪһʲôᡭ
ǺǣμŵͦĵһСֲվɲʲô
ǣ˵һǺҪʲôԮ֮ǰҶעעξֲԡ
ѧſҲ̧ͷ˿ƺоЩί
ЦŵǺǣıֱҵҪʲôǡء
ѧŵһκ̳ܿתӦ̳ܿĹֱ
̳ܿȻܿĵȥˣ  Լʮҵʱ䣬ҳֱƽ̨ĻѾߵξֲĻң
ǺǣתҿҲ̳ܿ·Ĵͳýȥǰɣý˭ȥһأ
гм֮ɫ
ѧſŻףǲ̳ܿĶ³ܲȺһƽʱѹҲֵģôط
ͷɡ
΢΢ҡͷĿǰʺ͹ڵתгһƬƽȣһЩ紵ݶҲξֲû˿Ĺϵ  ʱҪԱкǲм
ȥ˼ǻ˼
ѧԭҲһĲмɵ˼ʱ۾ֱˣ  һѧŵָҲ͵һվ˼Сôξֲ
μŵıǻ˼ɣҪĻѧЩ𾪵˵
ߣ˼ǿϵԼʲô˵ˣ񻰶ӻǣֱЦǻ˼ΣĹھҪˣҵǿʲôҶ
ƺڻ˼൱ĲмȻ˼ʱҲпһ£  λã̳ܿͮΪֱֲֳԮǩԼʽα̳ܱΪ֡
ӳ˾ͷ֮ϣʵڹעȻرĸߣ
ѾĿǰѾһЩýһЩԿʼעξֲתˡ
εԣҼεĿǰֱ  ڲϢ൱ϸ᳤ܻȻԻĴڻǾֲĸܣһȻԾֲ֮ˡ
˵ڲһЩˣûκε֪ǩԼʽ
ܶ׻򳬼ӣʵҲԱεתǳĹע
̳ܿվҲʼһֲ˼ٶ




1114¹ŵǳ
 

ξֲң
ͮʾľͷлϯ̨Ǳߣһ׻ƹӵ־
־ԭǶĳӵһξֲתѾʹﵽһڣ
˵ʵ˶û뵽Ȼһ  Ȼ־֪ξֲһСְֲҵԱҲҪΪԼδǡ
ξֲǧнԭľֲнǸܱȵġ
ԱҲô̶̵ʮĹһܹ൱ֶ꣬Ϊأ
ˮ׼һģֻҪ뿪OKˣ  ͮŵһ־ҲǰȥɷãӵжҵĲɷȨ
־ڳ֮ǰҲ֮ˣ̳ܿͮĶҷʡ
Ȼ˼Ҿֲ ǱҪӱ˵İţ
ʵ첻Ǿһʽѣʵ䣬Ѿֲǩ˺ͬ
־˵ԮǩԼʽҲһƣ
ξֲѾԮѲô̵ʱǾҪԮ
ܿͮĲɷþͿʼˣ־ԾͷҲ٩٩̸
񻰾ֲ  ѧſ־Ӱ϶⻪˼һﾹȻ־ˡ
־ʵڹҲǶˣغ׺ƺΪ
ƣӦòֹһ˰Ѳɻ˱ˣѧų
꿴ѧŵ⻪˼ڼżӦûġξֲʲôʱ򻻶ҵģ
ǰ죬׼οǩԼʱǸʱѾǴӦˣһֵĸˡѧų
ֵģЩֵķǲǣû˵⻪ŷûֵĶ£
⡭ҵǲŷŵĶʮֵҲְ⻪˼ҿ൱Ļϰ˰ɣ
ѧŵ֮пóһ˿˿ĵ֮ɫģξֲȥҲһвˣ
Ϊŷŵһǿľ߰
ЦһһҲû˼˼СӽǺ¡ҲڴԱϾԱʵ࣬ҵҪһô̵ʱҵʲôԮ
ǺǣԮҸղŶˣĿǰϵļƶûκεĶҵ¼ҵĹЩýŷˣȵ̳ܿýȥרã
ѧжһʱ˵ǾԳģ̳ܿҪЩý徺ǲܵ飡  Ƕ⣬Ǵ۾ʱˣ
΢΢һЦ˼ˣСǸӵ˿ģٺ٣ĩкϷ˰
һĨĻȣȥǳĿģ
ͻ˼ǻ಻֣˭Ҳ˭ҵʵʵҲرĴ
ұڵģǼˣ˼竵ĸġ
ĲгϢĸ  ˼ͿЩýߺģǶ˶Ѽˡ
һ£ѾϤǳ  ˿̳ܿĶ³칫棬ȴһƬĻڣ  նԴӵһ־֮󣬹ڵýѾˣղг绰˵ѾҴŻվҪ̸ˡ
ƺĻӻֵȻȥҲǷǳܣ
ȺһĿǰվôעû٣
ʼαղϢ˴绰ĿǰעûѾԭһڳʵơ
ƺ֪עûÿһǶֵ̳ܿͶһݵӰ졣
ΪʲôȺԥĽܵλøͮΪ֪һĸĻرȣǸֵһᣡ  һŵˣΪˣ֪˲ŵҪԣ  ˵һͮȫǿ̳ܿһ¥ˡ
ڴЩԮĳ׽ôһ𺳰ʱ¹ý嶼˰ɣƵĶתȨźܿͻ˸ϵġ
Ⱥ֪ȫͮĹͣҿˣҪԼûͷϵͮĻʧ޷ġ
ƺ俴ȺնСܵнǿɲܵ˰ҹһ֪ϢĻǷڽǡ
׼нǿ϶ٲ˵ģһεĽܹһӲԺˡ
Ⱥɲһ֮ˣ֪һҪס˲ţǾͱã
նһӦԮˣڴ
ƺһֱҲǼ˿̻ѾĿˡ




1115ԽԽ
 

İ칫ң˿ҲǽĶĻ
Ȼ˼ģһһţҲ൱Ĳģ  Ԯ֮ĲĻѾԺԼĶ鿹ˡ
ȥĽͬǴսξֲ
ȴһֱڱߵӣһƣ  ꣬һʼͰĶֶȥΨһһ֧ûӮϣҲҪ֮ǰһ֮  ȻԮ
ѧŵɫղλʵЩ̫𺳣ûзӦ
ʵĹʵǺλҪȥ߸ҡ
ǻŷŵͶʣĺҵ˴ֱʰ
꿴ѧųǵԮǲǺǣ޵°ǿ綥ܹ֮Ҳôȼˡ
ǰЩҪǲܵ飡һ¶λҶӵĳԱڼЩʵԮ˵Ҳһ鰡
ѧŵĵҲеģԲģܶʱ˵׼׷ʲôأ
꿴ѧЦһԼûģôñ˶ģҵԮˮƽǲ࣬Ѿĥһˣأ
ѧŵͷǰʵģʱƴսҲôء
ʵϣȻ죬ǵĿѾĿתĶǰĻˡ
̳ܿļֺܸͮ͸λˣղž˶ݵʮϢ֮¡Ϊҽֲܽʷϵһλ۳ǧŷԪİ
ͮոսϣͿһСﳯڳ˹
˿̳ܿЩӰʦһ㣡  ʲô⡭ôܣѧʿˮǡǿǰżﰡ
˼ûǮܹŪ
˿˫Щ΢΢оűԼķչ
˿̣ŻվҲǿֱͼʲôĶǽֹתصġ
ҲһѶһ򵥵ıȻڸԱļѣ
һ֣Ѿȼ罻Ȧӣ  ǧŷ׻Σ
̫̫ˣŰĳ̳ܿĵҲǱ
һ֮̾ʣͮӰһεĳ֣ЦŵжгףǧŷΣ
ǰɣ˹ǧŷΣ
ϢЩûзӦĹýһε˷֮У
λԱŷԪתѣ
Ⱦ׵Ϣ𶯵̳ҲЩĿ͵ĿǰһУƺЩ̫ţ  ⡭ɣ˹ȻҲˣǿļʱսǼһ̫ǿˣ֮ǰǾֲͨʱǿ۾ǧŷҾʵ̫ˡ
ѧŴ˿̶ˮˣʲôǧŷԪ
ԱŷԪҪѪĽడ  һǶеĴҲɣ˹ͣҲ͸޵°ͲѣǶеĸԮ۳ǧŷģһôĬǾˣ½껹ʸսǡ
ķǲ˼ڵˣǰҪ񻰶ӿ⻹ЩѶȣ
ѧŲм˵˼ɵǮĵ䷶ѣΪԱͺţˣξֲҲǸ鳶ѣûʲôõģǵĽǹʴơ
һһʱȴͮһεĻǰ棡  žͷǰ΢΢һЦŴҿ˸ղһϵеת֮ӦҲѾ˰ɣξֲΪ׼ķʢ磡
Բۣķʢ磿
˿ҲסˣǰͮǱ٩٩̸ӣ޲ðԼĵԸ˲źã  ѧҲʿˮ⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣ⻪˼ǲɵ氡
üͷĨһ˿â˼һҪҶģƫƫʱԣ
λڣ潫̳˹ξֲ˻˼ͬΪǽһλԮ˭
ͮĻҲǹ˵ȤڶǵȴһλԮĵ
Ҫ֪ԽԽ࣬ܶ˾òȥŷ޾ͿԿЩǣǾһ쳣ܰ
˼˹һ˼˻Ͳ΢΢һЦ³һֵӭǵ10ţ

һ˲ȫý嶼ըˣ




1116¿ϲ
 

ĳڣ
ܹͬʱɽͬʱͲͣʱ򣬽ξֲٷξֲԻһǧϵһ̻һã  ҵܲˣģżǿԮǾֲǳǰȥİɣ
ֹǰҿܹھ˰
ھ˵ɣ˹Ȼһǿǰ棬ǰľ֧
ǰ񻰾ֲӵ缶Ԯǰ棬޵°ͣɣ˹޵°Ȼôһ˿˿
ǻզذֲ˵ĸΨм;ˣս
֪˭һս  ˿ڣ
ξֲһٶѾӮξֲԵģҪ֪ķˣҪʮң
ټϾˮʲôĻֹΪξֲһθҵķ꣬ǿǼķ갡  ڵǰţ
Э᳤ѧ͸᳤±һ
ѧ̾һξֲô׳˳ԭΪҪˣû뵽ôһ찡
ģ᳤ҿ˵˰ο˵ԭǴתͶǵͬн񻰾ֲ±뿴ѧ
˵㲻֪ɣѧĿ˿±롣
±̾һǰһȥⲻǸոջСӶ˼᳤ܻλøȥ˰
ʲôڿξֲĸˣѧ΢΢һЦ
±ٺһЦοһû˵
ͣ£ɲ֪ܸ˵ʱǽһǰǲ˵οҪʱԻᶼըˡǿĹǰѧδ˵
±ͷɲզΣ֮ǰοҪһߵĻξֲ϶ľͽ˰
˵ϰԺŴ±ŭѣοǿǵϰ˼Ůߵԡ
ѧǱ٩٩̸  ±ָָѧǸͮ߰ɣҺ˵飬ο˰ףǼֳˡ
ɶ⣿ֳˣǻоϲɣ
ѧҲ̽ԼĿƵ˰̨Ǿ޴LEDĻϣ  ±Щ٩Ŀѧ΢΢һЦΰɣ죬ҪǻеĻҽ촵һƿ׵ȥ
˵İѧҲЦŵ
ʵҲ֪ԮĵѾξֲܹõĽˣʲôأ
һŮߵӰƺЩ̲סYY  ˿ͮӰһεĳ˴Ļϣ˾Ϳ˼˹Ļǰ棡  ˼˵һ̣Ǳƿ˷һ㣬Ļ  Ҫ֪ʱǻڹ籭ʱˡ
Բۣȣ
ģֲҲ̫˰ȻŪˣ
ţƵĲаȻҡҶ֪˵ɶˡ
ĿɿڴҡԭΪɣ˹Ѿţˣû뵽Ǳֲ˵ֱʸ𺳵˰
ѾһĻ·ξֲһѾǵǶĹھһ㣡  ţƣԶһһ߱ϱȥѰǵأ
ӶӸ裡
ܿ죬һεѾʼԼӵĸ
ǰţ  ±۾ɵϴ󣬸ղξֲԮѾɹˡ
ŮߵĳӦ׼汾ֱֳת֮ķɶġ
û뵽Ȼһ  ȣ
ôţˣȻξֲŪˡ
ȻѾʮˣս˭֪ʲôģֱǾˣ  ˵޵°ЩµĻôԼĻƽڣ
ȥ׵Уһ˶ʮ򣬳Ϊ׵
ֲֻĹϵãת飡  ܶ˶Ϊ˵ģܶҲ֪ʮ㡣
˵ĻҲûκεĿŶȣ  ֻôҲ뵽Ȼξֱֲǽ̳ΪըԵŰ  죬Ȼ
±˿վȻҲһվ˶վһЩѾվˡ
ѧԭԼϵǸѾǵ˵ϣЩȻδ֪  ҲĿɿڴĿŴĻҡǲǶ仵ˣ۾ˣѲΡ
ҪǸΣҶĲѹˡ
±ۿһ˿ˮʮˣȻ˼ˮǵȴһ̵ȴ̫̫ˡ




1117
 

񻰾ֲİ칫ң  ˿칫ԵΪļžɫѧ֪Լϰ϶ǲˡ
  Ȼ˾ȻܹŪֱ̫ǿˣ  ѧŸоֲĲʵҪ˵Ǯ񻰾ֲҲǿԵġ
ҪܴľҪ㶨ԱˣȻҪ㶨ǾֲȻˣҪҪ·ʶ˹
Ȼ֮ǰ޵°͵ϣѧź˹һЩġ
⣬Ϊ޵°Ҫ׬Ǯ񻰾ֲҲҪ䶯ЧӦ
һļ϶ѣ
ŵ˹һмˣ沢ûκƲã
ξֲ˵ǱŶҲ̫ǿһɣ
Ҫ̸֪еʱξֲϼء
̶̵ļ칦ξֲѾһԾΪ˿Ժ񻰾ֲӣ  ֱٰ
ѧĵ𾪿֪ˣ̶̵ʱ䣬Ա˶Ѿˣ缶ǣ  ٶȣѧ˵δŵģ  һһԱתᵽǰµһµʱ䣡  ЩƵԮǻܳӳһĶС
⡭⻪ŷŵʵȻǿѧһҲǲòˡ
˼˵
ĵֽ˿ԱҪ֪һǸˣǽʵܲˡ
ԭΪɣ˹һоͽˣû뵽Ȼôصһ  ˵ʵֻа׺ɣ˹ĻյϣžԵİܹξֲġ
Լ˵񻰾ֲһĥ֮󣬴Ѿˡ
ĵ׶û˵
ѧųϰ壬ǿǺųƵرǿս߰û뵽Ȼᵽֵͼˡ
ߣͼģ޵°ͲҲɣ˹Ҳסһ仰ǮʹĥЩ˲ٴƣǻΪǮ˭ΪһǮҪûԵģ
ɫ쳣ѿ޲ȥš
һԱԸıһӣ
ԱΪĺǡɣ֮һ
ĵսսʵ˸о̫ˣ
Ҳܵõĳƺţȵ׻˲֪˲
ѧųǲڶ׷ڻһǿгĻʱΣǵĴ򷨲ܹģ
ֻܹôˣӼ۰ɣѧţҪһ״
ƺһЩˣܷ꣬һ뵽յһʱǸֵļһͱӮ
ѧſЦһ˵
յⳡҲʲôİ취ӮҲҪˡ
ʵ֮вôģѧһŶӹ˲š
һϺ꼶⣡
һο飬ʵĻһ⣬¾ܹ׬ȡǧϵ
˲òҪ
ѧſģһȫԸģ˼ҲתŶӵģ
һƺڵԼ״̬ǲܹƽľ
ξֲǱϲȣڵǳķŭ
Ҫһسӣ֪ӮѾΪΨһĳ·ˡ
ԼⱲӿ¶ڻ˼ԼϲǸС׵ǰ̧͵ˡ
߰꣬ôܽʧأ  ΪԼĿǰãҲϲ԰ڵһ飡  ԼΪΪĵط˴Ļǵʱ˵ľԼˡ
ĳߵСڣ  ʤ˿ֱ˵ıҲĿ£
ʤͮ绽ӵʱɫѿ˼㣡
˵ԭ֪ξֲ飬ֲóʤ
壬Ȼ̳ܿ˶ǲʣҲҪǲ˰γ
а취Ů˺̳ܿʤγ
γŮ˵հŮ˰
ɵȱ㣬Ƿ飬ӹҪĻҲڱӣԽԶԽã
ʤһ֮ˣ  ɲǰڹƵôϸ˭һͲˣô
ʤýģ֪һԼ׵ˣ̳ܿ׳ӣʵѾһİûڣ  νֶӣ޲ðһ¥ȥ
ʤҲǻˣԺ󽭺磬ǻ첻ȥˣ




1118̳ܿ
 

ξֲһתʢ磬ȫ緶Χڵý壡
վֽǵһʱ˿ѶûаȨ  ̳ܿһֱеĶ˶֣תҪεġ
һЩý˿϶֪ģ  תξֲǸϼŴһ棡
һҲЦĿϲ£ˡ
𽺵ĹƱԭͣ״̬ͣҳǳǿ
мУ
ܶҪεĹƱȴ֣Ʊֻܿǣȴ򲻵
ЩԭΪ𽺷ˣеЩͶߣҲǻż顣
Ϊ𽺿ƣһܿȫͣˣ
ȻһξֲӰȴǳĴ
ŷԪţǾŷԪ
ŷԪͶʣ˿޵ϣ˵ǰЩƱΪһѷֽĻôڿ¾ǻ½𵰵ĸˡ
̳ܿܲȺİ칫ң
˿Ⱥƺɫ죬ȥ·ʲôĴһ㣡
Ⱥؿڵڻӣһܵ˺ܴ  նֱ̫ǿˣ
ƺϢ͹ݣҲһľ̫ǿˣʵ̫ǿˣ
Ҳû뵽̳ܹܿڶ̶̵һ֮ڣﵽ˵Ĺģ  ȺʿˮƣͲҪˣ˵˵ɡ
վղŶ̶̵һСʱ֮ڣȻڶΣҪϢʱݷĻǵվ̱˰
ƺһ˷֮ɫҪ֪̳ܿˣʱĽλҲֱߴ  Ҳ̸Щûõ飬ԼнʴҲڲܹᲢˡ
ȺЦŵҹĵĿɲӦ֪ҹĵʲôɣ
ֻһʱĻԻͣעûǱ˿صĶ  ֵ  ȵľûռûӴǵʱҪ̳ܿ۸Ҳǳɱ  ȻȺδڻһڴĿƺ䡣
ղƺ˶ûٿݣǾҪķ񵽵ܹʲô̶ȣ  ն²¡ƺЩƲס˵
ȺƺȤ򣿣
Ҫ֪̳ܿûעŲʮңҪĻϾվҲʱ䡣
Ϊ֮ǰͳýۼûһѾתˡ
˻ϲֽһɣ
ƺЦŵնǲ̫Сǹҵ
ֹѲɴﵽһǧˣȺҲʿˮ
ƺ̲סĿЦ˼һǧǧעᣬ̶̵һСʱڣһǧ˰עû̫ˣʵ̫
ɶ⣿һǧ˰򣿡
ȺվһƺеֽȻѸٵĿһ֣  նҶüŹİʮʮûʵ̫ˣ̳ܿһξһԾΪһŻǰ
ƺ˿̺޲ȥԼϰһڣʵ̫ˡ
Ⱥ˼Ȼȥȥȥ֪ͨȫ˾ÿλԱнٷ֮ʮ̣
ƺЦŵն鲻żڵи¡
м£𣿡ȺЩƵĿ˿ƺ䡣
ƺ΢΢һЦնֱǽˣһͮܡ
֪ǾԲٵģİɣ󹦳ôܻأһ׷Ӽһֽ
Ⱥƺ΢΢һЦʵˣֵֵ
ƺ΢΢ҡͷնˣհ죡˵ĲΪܵĶұںܶŻվŷ޺ҵĺܶý嶼ѾַͨʽȡϵϣܹȨǣҼ۸ǳĸ߰
Ȩ֮ǰأû뵽ǾȻôƣˣҵи뷨Ⱥƺ
ƺ俴Ⱥնʲô뷨˵ˡ
ȺЦЦһεİȨѣҾӦøٰٷ֮ʮϾûĻ
նʵ֮ǰҪţͬ⣡ҾõĸȨķֺ첻һʱģҪ˩סܵģҾû̳ܿĹɷݱȽϺãŰٷ֮嵽ٷ֮ʮӦá
ƺһĽ飬Ȼ˵Ҳ֪ͮͱ˶ϰˣҷֺҪԼߵöࡣ
֪û˼ܣ̳ܿһӣȻӯȴ൱΢
ȺһЦưߣһǷİͰ˵İ죬ٷ֮ʮĹɷݸܣͿ๦ߣٷ֮Ĺɷ롭
նҡҿɲҪƺû뵽ԼȻҲйɷݣȻֻǰٷ֮ȴһ  Ⱥڰֵôˣܴ绰ȷһ飬ʲô뷨ĻһЩҲԸģ
ƺͷЩ뿪Ⱥİ칫ңƲסļ˿Ѿϣ




1119µͷһ
 

ξֲһϵۻҵתᣬ̳  Ҳúܶ˶֪Сֲ׵ĹĿ࿴֪ܶһεĶͶʷԻŷŵʱҲЩȻˡ
ΪĿǰҵز˾ŷŵʵҲӹɵġ
ټЩͶһֱûмϹһζ˵Ȼ֮⣬˻ŷ֮Ҳ֮У  ڶһ磡
ξֲ˹Ѿǻصŷޣ˿ֲ̾һƬڣ  ԴӸطϹһЩֲҲǸ˹
Ϊľܹһ˵ķɣ
İ칫ң  ˿üͷĿҳϵţɫƺҲǺܺÿ
һԵ᳤ܻҲüͷƺһЩֵ⣡
Ϣǲģ᳤ܻЩɵʵ
Ŀǰܶý嶼ʼתأҲ֪ǲģҪȻǰһʣ
᳤ܻڽӵʱһϢ̳  Ǿֲԭ򣬾ȻΪ˲  Ҫ֪Ѿʮ˰ʮİ°壬ȻӰ·ܣǸǿȵı  һ˶󣬵ʱмпܵģ  ģҪĻֶһŷԪתǰ׻𣿡ŭ˵
ǰͬý˵Ļɾûս˰°˺ѣǶɲ˵ͳĶ
᳤ܻҲΪǵ˵û뵽Ȼ
˵б۵ģһҽԺ֤ȻġϾҪεİ
᳤ܻҪȻȥҹʰɣĻǡǿ¾ҪΪһЦ˰
ŭӵ˹ϼ޻϶֪ģû뵽Ȼҿǡ
᳤ܻ̾һⶫû취˵ȥ褴ƸһԸһԸҲֻܹǵʱʵ̫ļ˰
һȰ˵ɣϣЩýҥôȨýתأҿ¡
᳤ܻҡҡͷģҲ취飡
ôǮˣͬǩˣ죡ģ˭ģ
һ뵽ֵʱʱðɣ  죿ֲǲ֪ЩҪüܹģվҪ񻰶ӱˣʱֶİ˵ǩԼģ˵ô죿°ݱ棬Ҫȵܹ
᳤ܻҲǺܺãһûսǼʧһս
ɣⶼʲô°ʱңʲôǮƭҲЩض㣬Ҫ֪Ӧôźˡ

Ϊ̳ΪǿĴ֮һȻҲǷǳţ棡
֮ǰڰǾֲʱΪڵͷǹϵһ㣬˭Ҳ˭ͰǾֲֵ
ֻǾ뿪ǾֲǰһӣһѵЩоӦ
ξֲ֮ǰѾȱϯһ׵ȥҽԺһȫļ飡  ĽЩܲˣΪ̳Ϊǿ֮һȻ°˺ˣ  ֮ǰйǸʱûأֻǰ°ˡ
һӾˣû뵽˰°˺ѣس̶ȿɾͲһˡ
пܻٵԼְҵģ  ֻճû죬Լľ˹͸Լ绰˵ԸһŷԪ
һŷԪԼҲԻһǧŷԪķֳɣЩԥ  Ȼ°˺Ѳ˵ľͲ߱ˣ׵Ƶˣɲм
˹˵ˣͬһ׮תᣬôҪۣߣ
ʵϣ°˺ѣϢ굽һʱ䣬һҲͿͶ뵽ˣ  ˼ȥ֮ջЭˣ
ʵڶξֲҲһھΣϾ˼һôǮġ
ϿŵʱһӿԼ飬Ҳһ
Ϊ̳Ϊǿһˣٻġ
վֺƤˣռ˱˵ıˣܹ߸ԼҲԼ  İ칫ңЩε߽ʱ᳤ܻѾǿһ£  ͳı飬Ӧþ֪֪ˡ
ı飬˵ܶˡ
Աߵķ룬ҲǼһ˿ЦݵȻǵһʽĽ̸һҪȷһ顭




1120
 

˿̵ģƺһ˿Ǹ⣡
ܣ֪ҪʲôǲǹҰ°˺ѵ⣿
ȷˣʵ
̾һɣҰҵõһǧŷԪķֳɻǣҵûк֮ǰҵĹʱ㣡
һʵϵˣһﱾƢͷǳĻ𱬣ҲһԹĴ
һԼĲԣ˽ķ
⡭
һӶ֪˵ʲôˣ׼ţɿӣЩȻˡ
һԵ᳤ܻ°˺Ȼأкܶ˻ͦˣڿûκε⣬Ȼ˺ѿҲǺذɣӰ𣿡
˵ʵǱߵҽҵĽʱϢµʱ䣬Ȼ̽ԵĲμѵûд󰭵Ļû⣡
Ҳʵϵ˵ⲻʵҲûκεİ취
ʵҲһƣξֲ֮ܵĻǽȫһ
Ҳ֪û˵ĻתҲô˳
Ͼһ׷ˣϣ;͵ͼ  µꣿ᳤ܻҲɫЩѿ
ǵǿԵȣֶܵȰֶôĴʵΪҪӮյı  ǿԿóģֶյⳡ־ڱصã
ֻû뵽Ϊ¾㱸ȴôجģ  ˿ɣһܹҲֻǵϰˣ
ðɣ
Ҳʼ磬ȥƺЩǷϣоЩį  һ̳콾ӵ겻ѣ
Ҫ绰׵ʱͮȴˡ
ͮӣҲǳ΢΢һЦߣ簡
ͮν׸ǰĺˣξֲõļˡ
һֱͮջķ˿ҵڵνĸо
ܣǺðá
ͮҲָգ  ߣǡ
ʵҲ֪ͮΪʲôҲһƣ
Ϊ֪òñ
ͮЦŵܣĿĺܼ򵥣ҪһרãȻˣҿһЩıҲҪʵһ£𣿡
˵ﻰֶյİκʱвɷúͱȨģ΢΢һЦ
ͮҲЦŵܣİ°岻ɣ
һԵܵߣԼˣǾֱ˵˰İ°ȷ˺ˣ˵ҪϢµʱԹۺЧܱܲҸоҪʾһֶ
ͮ΢΢һЦʵ·Ѿֶ绰ˣֶ˵ʲôֻҪʵЧҶʱ
ʲôֶѾ֪ˣǡʲôӦ
һ׾Ȼ֪ Ҳһʵ
ֶûʲôӦ˵˸ñľͱԱҲǴţĴԱںܶ˶ξֲһȷĴأ
ͮʵ֮ҲǲԸ˿ξֲЦ
ԭΪֶ϶ԼʱҪ飬ϾԱˣⲻһЦ  һŷԪһˣ  ξֲ̳һ˰ɣϾڵĿƼôķһԱ˿϶Ǽĳġ
ɻͻʵ̫żˣξֲһ  ͮôҲû뵽׾Ȼ˵ôôƺԴ¸⣡  ͮ׵ֶôţ棬Ǿ仰ôô  ûӦȥҲһֶôûзӦأ
ǿһŷԪ  һŷԪˮƱˣø˿Ц˭¶Ҫˣ  ܣ˵ҸֶȷϹˡҪȻΪɵҲξֲģֶ̬ȻҾҲǴţҡ
ͮʵʱﻹʲô  ֶ㰡  ˼Ҹգһ۾ģñͱʲôǰ
ͮ΢΢һЦߣȻᣬ黹ذȻֶ˵绰Ȼûκεˣ
ͮЦŵȻҲͬˣҾͰƪŸ巢˰
ţҲ֪ҪξֲЦ˰
̾һȻҲֶ֪ôģ
ͮ˷ܵĲ̳ͨܿȺĵ绰ȷ֮Ⱥƺ䶼һ˷ܣ
ĸ߷ոչȥû뵽쾹ȻһĴţ  ʱ׵ĳҲǻʻ˾ֲſڣ




1121ϲŭ
 

񻰾ֲ  һ˾ֲڵأ˼ɶ񻰾ֲˣ  Ϊյıǻ˺ܶ˼
ԭһͨͨı˿ѾǱ̫̫ĺ塣
ͬǵ±ȣͬУ׻ƳʮڵĶ  ֱѾǲڶЩξֲ񻰾ֲҲǳ׵Ļһѣ  ںܶ˶Ŀ۽񻰾ֲϣΪ׻ƳİܵĹעȻҲǷǳߵġ
쵽ڶǷǳƣƺûһ˳ĵģ  һϣԼİ칫Ѿǳ˵ˣѧ߽칫ҵʱӲı̸Ǻÿ˺ü
꿴ѧŽʵϵԮ𣿡
ǡǸûϢԷûκεķ
ѧѹҲǷǳĴ󣬿ǾڽϣĳŻվϰԵ׼һЩŵʱͷϺȻһϢ
°˺ѣ
ѧΪԼˣ˼ŻվɷִҶתأ顣
һ˲䣬ѧŵѪҺƺˣ  ˴󽫣Ƕ˵һĪĺ°
˿̣֪ԭҪһһĿ֡
û뵽Ȼǳüӣƺһ㶼ˣ
ߣܣµЧʿԽԽ˰ʱôһѧš
ѧŵЩίⲻǿ
˵飬ôϢأҪƵԮôĺø㶨Ļô˵ĵҲ˵ĺ䶯ˡ
ѧſ֪𣿡
ϻҵȻ֪û˵ε飬Ѿ˵ӻ˰
֪飿
ѧһĻҲ¶һ˿Цݣ˾ȻŶûп
ҲϾϵţȻû鿴
Ϊ뿴һǵصȫǶξֲ𾪵ţʲô˼  ˷£ǵ粻  üͷѧţʱЦóһθξֲı˵ĻɵøСĵ㣡
Ļһû̫ӮξֲҲ忪ɡǽ죬ҵѾ˰ٷ֮ʮ
ѧҲǹ˹ӵ
һԵŭһţ
ûпŰ֪İ°˺ѣҾת֮ǰЦˣ
ѧŴ˿¶һС˵־ӣоԼ˲ƱƵã  ɶ⣿°˺ѣȷ
ԭŭʧȡ֮һĲãȻ  鷴תʵЩ̫ˣԼЩӦˡ
Ҫİ°˺ѵĻ֮ڲܹˡ
ʱ䣬񻰾ֲ֪߶ԶˣϢЩţǿѧһƶӣҲһľȣ
ѧóֻǽϵţ
꿴˰죬һѨδ򰡣пܰ°˺Ѱ
Ѿ˶Ȩýתأҿ°˾Ųʮˡѧ΢΢һЦ
̳ܿأһļ˵ʲôξֲü𣿺ߡϢҲұ˰ɣξֲ˿ɶ˰һŷԪˮƯඣ
ʵ治ϲ侮ʯˣξֲһˡ
ҪӮ
һοɲΪ˵ҪŮǰչʾԼļ⡣
˺ܶۿһҪˣʱ飿  ѧŵ㿪̳ܿվм˵ǿ϶ұף⡭ղŻûء
ʵѧҲǿ̳ܿţϻͣϡ
û뵽ոյȥһ˲䣬һĿıѾǺȻͷ
ұ°˺ѣ
⻪˼ǲ˸ɵǾȻҲⲻЦ˿ã
ѧſٺһЦȱĻξֲҪǣ¾Ͳ̫
ٺ٣ҵڴյˣҵҪʱ˼ų飬
Ǳһ㣬˵˵磡
ѧſӣҲ΢΢һˣҲϲЦĪ񻰾ֲˣ




1122¼֤ҽ棡
 

ξֲ  ˿İ칫յЩΣһԵҲЩվҲҲǣ  ͮ˶ӵӰ컹Ǻܴİյⳡҵġ
ǰҸղŸҲڿ⡣յıֶǳصİȻ֪ʲôԭ򣬵ֶ
Ҳ̾һҲûκεİ취  ѾһزǵҽĻҪȵܹϳˡ
治ȷԵطǳĴпӴԺ߲ˡ
ǩԼֵܼһŷԪнҲ֧  Ȼ˵ʱҪʣҪǴ˾Ļǿ»û
ϾǩԼǩԼѾˣҲ˵Ѿûлͷ·ˡ
һԵֻܵеֶ˲ܹˣҲֶ֪֮󵽵Ƕôķŭ
˭˭ߣ̫۸׻ˡǶɵ˹ûе£ͮҲƵ˵
˹»أ˵ǵϣҪҪյľȨҲǵϣҪǲ֮Ļ
ʵҲЩ𣬲ܲܰƵ˼ֶϰɣ
˼ֶͶˣξֲһҹ֮  ΣҲܹ˵˼ֶɣ
֨  һͷˮʱƿŽˣ  ͻȻ֣ҲһĲ죬ܿѾӭȥ  ֶôˣЩ˵
Ǻǣôˣܲӭң׵һЦǺǵ˵ƺûκεӰ졣
һԵͮЩƵ˵ֶЦó⡭
ôڶϢղǱߵȸƣ·˶˵ϢһӰȴǺܴ󰡣Цŵ
ͷһ˶׻ƵԾ˵֮ڣǾԵӴ󰡣ֶҸҪΣΪʱûϸİѹصĻ
ҲΣˣֶҲһԳ
ܵܣǾֲܾһתô⣬ҵϣż죿ôҲܡ
ܣӦ֪ھҷֹܵģĸǳϣҡ
ܺһţһҲЦ
һԵͮ׵ֶʵҲȫܺܣҪΪһЩˣ
׿ͮЦŵ˵ʵ鲻ܹǣҲû뵽Щ챨Ҫܳġ˵Ҫλûо鵼µġ
ֶûдû̵
˵ҾǸ⺺΢΢һЦܿ˵ʲôΪƺΥ°ɣ
ֶҡҲģ˵꣬ҲǺʵϵľͰ˵һ飬а˹Լ̸ֶΪһְҵԱֻǵҪ򣬸ղҲѾ˵ˡ
׵ֶ鿴ĲܹѾ˵ҪõһǧŷԪķֺóϳ֮ǰҪһǮĹʣ
棿׿ʵ
ֶҲһˣȻ˵ȻҲ˵ʵҲȱǮȻǮԽԽã
ҲԼᶨף˵ʵѾЩĵˡ
Ѿ˶֣ѾĴ㣡
͵˰ɣѾŷԪһôҲǻˡ
׳Ĭһû뵽Ʒǲģ˹Ϻ֪꣬ļȻַƭң
˹ֱǸһʱҵҲǳ
ͮһһȥͷһƪ£ǴҪļһҲȫ綼֪λ̳ǳҪ
׵кâ˸Цһ⵹ã׵ˣͿԵԲˡ
ֶҲѾ˹ͬˣ˵ʵⱲﲻʵһ飬Ѿоǳİûˡ
Ҳһʹ޵ı飬ȥǳĺڣ  ׿ˣһǧŷԪҲˣڹǵĺͬӦöپö١
ֶ
ԭΪֶܹһЩʧһЩʧûԵøֶȻһĲ졣
ЩŵĿףȻΪ׻˿϶˳Ÿģ  ɨһȦˣȻ΢΢һЦһ㽫ҵļ֤ҽ棡




1123ҽֶ
 

ֶ˵ʲôҽ棿
ƺû˵Щ̫ˣҽ棬Ҳ֪ġ
˵ʵ׻ˣǶҽǷǳһżգ  Щ˿ҽʵҲˣִ˶ܶ඼ȡҽƷ
ΪҽƷԵıأ˺Ǻܴܹ𵽺ܶ벻Ч
ҽ緶ΧѾһ֪Ǻܶ˶ȴδļ
һԵͮҲǲʵֶҽҲܽ°˺ѸκðɣҲ̫һ㣬Ѳֶʶλҽ
ЦŵҪϵĻǿеãֻϧǿǸٿİЩƽͷϰվˡ
ǺǣҲ֪ϣ׵Щ죡
ЦŵʵҲǰڷ˵ģ˵ǽиҽңһλϣǸŴǵҽ
ǽҽͮҲǵһ˵
һԵҲЦŵϢ׼׼
˵ܣֶӿ϶ҲʶλϰЦŵ
׵ͷҵʶұҲѧҽС¾Ͳ鷳ˣ
ȥֶȻѧҽģоһĲţҲ̫˼˰
һԷĻҲǾ̾˵ֶҽܹκҵĲ
ӦÿԣνӦǾǾԿˡ
һССİ°˺ѶѣûˣԸһŪ  ׵飬׿ɲȥģ
ŶЩȲˣһԾԾԵӡ
Ҳ΢΢ҡͷһҲ̯ԼˣҪ̯һƭӵĻ²мΪʵˡ
һľ̾Ҫֶôֵģ  ϾҽǿɶûмʶΨһӴνҽҽԺҩӣ
һ˿ڴʵҲ¶һ˿£  ˶δ֪ĶǴһֿ־ģһǻȥˣʵҪĿľΪ˻ֶһ飡  °峤ҲǿģԼҲƲˣ
ֶԸôǾôڰɡ
ȥԼѵ¶һ̿㣬ϥǴ˿¶棡
ڵ˶ϥĥķǳأ΢һϾ֪ˣ  ಣ
һľ̾У׵ֻһĻߣһöѾǳУ  ⡭ֶб
һԵܵ꣬ǻȿֶôưɡ
еĽ룬Ҳʿˮֶ⡭ⲻҪҵɡ
׿˿ЦŵǺǣǺ˰ɣ
ûûУʿˮΪһУɲϳԼˡ
ݣ
һɫĻ߻۾һɣͿöԭֶϵĽѾʧ
׵һε뿪ϥǲλʱȴǽѾû뵽Լ֮У  ף
üͷһɣҲǳһĲ֮ɫ
һʹĸоûУȡ֮һĸоҽֶǼأ  ˿֮жλֶȻκͳݵĸоԭⲻܵ飬ƺΪڵŸı䣡  ʲôо۲ۣͮһĿҲǸоһľ档
̫ˣ׻ƵҽȻ鴫ôһöҵ ҾȻһ㶼оʹҵ찡
˵ԼĸܣԱߵĿɿڴûмҲѽ԰ͷһⰡ  ΢΢һЦ˿Ѿǹ䵽˽֮ϣ
ǰ°һۿɼٶȲϵ޸ţɲǰ°壬˵һøˡ
ھĳϴ˵һεĻ
߸߰һⶼûа  ԼĪʱ֮һЩҩͿĨϥ֮ϡ
΢΢һЦˣһͿȥѵѵˡ
ʲôһ磿ֶȷڵĸоǳĺãϥǺûκβʵĸоˣ
棡  һĻʵ̫ˣƺܹÿѧȥͣ
ʵϣһԵҲѾĿɿڴĿһУ  ҽһӱQ˼˵Ժ֮С
ղ˶һ̿ҸоõӣǶһľ㵣
̵ֶҡȥΪ壡
״һ˿Цݵţǵüˣ׼һ֮ıϾǸոյҲҪӦһµģ




1124ֿʼNɪ
 

֮󣡣  ֲõ
ξֲЩƾɲȣһʩԵǷǳרҵΪȽ  İ˵ϯһ  һŵƱҲѾǴﵽ˰˰Ԫۣ굹ĺڵĺܣһͿ׬ȡǧ
񻰾ֲξֲ֮ǰʱѾйЭ飬ξֲԵõƱ۵İٷ֮ʮ  Ҳһǧң
˵׻򳬼һԵֵϱ˶ٳˣ
˿ϯ̨İ֮У׵ĴҲǽ˰֮У  С㣬ּˣ꿴¶һ˿ռе
Ů˽ĴʵЩ̫ˣԽԽŮԼĲˣ  ֻϧب֮ǸֵСΪĲˬ
Ǻǣҽǹѣ֮ǰӦΪֲǰһҵӡ
赭дһ仰걶ܴ
֮ǰΪΪԼͬԲŲǸֵӴӦԼ
ôҲû뵽С椣ȻΪֲϼŵģ
ֲ֮ǰӦôˬ죬ԼһĹϵûа  С㣬ⳡ㿴˭ӮһƽһԼʵ
Ȼξֲˣǿ缶Աģ΢΢һЦ
ʵϣ֪һжԼϹ׵ֱʣ֧ԼϹξֲѲȥ֧ľֲ
С㣬ҪȻǶĵʲôأ꿴ƺǴСñĴһ㣬һİ;ȥ
΢΢һ㶵ĵʲôĵʲô
ǺǣС㣬񻰾ֲӮ˵ĻҪСҹ֪ͣСûأ
ЩսĿʵüڴ̼
Щŭ˵Ҫأ
ҪˣǺǣǲģŵ˵
⼸Ѿһɨ֮ǰˣ˱쳣˷ܣ
Ѿʼڴξֲ֮ˡ
꣬ĻŰһŮ˶ģҿҲôһϢˣ
˼ˣһʱ൱ɧģڿȥЩۡ
Сһֱߵˣֻһ֮Ե͵һЩ
ڽܹԼ˻ûж٣һ  ǽȨĴ֮һΪɣȻ˼ˡ
һ棬ƺЩâĸо
˼֮ǰǻŷ˵˵ƨһҲ˼ҸǰߺģΪξֲͺţˣ
˿˼ӣŻ˼Цһ
˼һĻ̱꣬СӿʲôʱѾذɣװ棿ʸ𣿡
ߣûʸ˵񻰾ֲȥĹھѲھǸĲɣЦһղŲ˵ҲҶаľͶģ껹û¹˭
ӴӴӴ첻ǲ֪Сţ˵ɣʲôүûУǮ࡭
˼һӣҲǿ˱Ƚϵ
Ǯࣿǵǣ˭иأҿɵǮǣЦ˼һЩҲЦ
ɴܣǿɲ̫죡  Ҵҵ⻪˼ǿɲ˰
˼Ū꣬һŪԼǵʱҲΪһСආȥﻪŷŵİɣ
ǻˣ  ĸʲô˼øһ̣̻ûʲô˼
ǻ˼׿൱Ű  һԲʼմһ˿΢Цӣеˡ
ȻҪģǾͶĸģЦһˣ񻰾ֲ㣡ӮˣξֲңҲң
⡭
˼ԥһ£ΪξֲϾ˼ָģԼǮûиأԼǴŶġ
û뵽ٶȻҲеСʱǳʶˡ
г䣬û뵽ղſޱȵĻ˼ȻһССľֲ䲻𣬻Ӳ  ǺǣȻȤǾɡ
仪˼֮ʣһȴʧص뵽˵ĶС




1125¶Լȷ
 

VIPڣ  泳ӵȣԵõЩ򿪸Ļ
ҪȴҲǳļ򵥣ֱӹϸˡ
Ҹ˼˵ķ𣿣ʲô
û뵽Լ˼죬һǸνѾȻˣ
ԭͿһﲻ˳ۣ˿Ȼǲκεӡ
һױһˣ̵ʲôԼҪĵ񾭲߰ɡ
㡭ϰ̣ӦúúõĹܽһСɣʵЩò
껹żӸ˵м˼ͷǳˡ
翴΢΢һЦС˵黹ԼĲİɣôˣҲЩ̫ʣ
㡭ϰƺǽкһʴɣЦһ
˼һԿСӣΪԼУ͸ðذǵƴӴȥϰȡ߰ɣʲô⡭
˼㡭
û뵽⻪˼ȻԼҲŭˡ
׿΢΢ҡͷҪľͶģǿˣǹǿˣģ
㡭ߣ˵ûʸ˵Цһ
׿꣬дһ˿ǣҪ˼һξֲҲξֲĴɶҪҵĶҵûʸ˵ˣҵҲ̫Եһɣ
ξֲģôܣһŵӡ
׿ǣôţղŲǱQͦʵˣ
ƾ㣿Ҳñүˣ㻹ǰԼﰡȻҪ棬Ҿ£һ񻰾ֲүں
Цһ˵ʵ񻰾ֲȷǲôں
ϼҴҵ󣬶ʮڵһֲʧʵ˵Ҳν飡
ǧҪ嶯񻰾ֲ࡭
ѧſԼϰ˵ĳ嶯Ҳѵ
һȥүҪ̸ȥһݶԼֵֽʱҲ⻪˼ǲˣ
ʵȥǳ嶯ĳ嶯
˱ѧϰڵģںܶණ쳣С
ʵϾڸղţԺѾ˸˸ָ֣ξֲļֵԱĽ׼ֵ񻰾ֲļֵԼȵȵȵȡ
ЩѾΪһеı׼øڵξֲԶģٻаٷ֮ʮһЩĸʵġ
ĲԶܰٷ֮ٵӮ
һԼҲӮ֮ȫǿԳˡ
ϼͶʣҲǴӸѧǶģ̫͵Ǵȥ
ΪǲˣҲֻܹҰģ
ҪƽȣҪܹȲʤȯ
ѧɫǺ죬ô˵汻ҲǷǳı
ûа취˭ѾǴϵıǩأⱲתͶκһҹ˾ϵıǩϴˡ
ָ磬һİ
˼֮ǰҲ֪ģ˷ǳʹļס
ǣҿ˵Щ˻һŷȥһԴм֤˰һ˼ᵽһ쳤Хĸо
Ǯôˣ˼꣬һĲˬ
һҲ̫ſһЩ˼֪һǿˡ
ǺǣٶǮǳģôԼ׬Ǯһǵһμ겻мĿŻ˼һֱһ
˼˿һֵˣ꣡Ҫ۰ܼҵĻһ񻰾ֲǼֵʮڵİӵǮƵڶû˸ҳƵһ
㡭ү㶷Ƥӣֵ¼°ɣǲţ𣿼ȻôģǾǩ˰ɡ
꿴׺ͻ˼дƵʵ
ڿҪ׷϶ǲ̫ˣôҲû뵽ֵľȻ˼Ҳʶ
ֻ˲ǷǳҲǱˡ

ǾͲˣȻСǮҪԼ̼ģôֲ֮ĶԶĻǱȽϵĴ̼ġ
һ߻ļ壬˵óģԼûκεȤ  ȻҪģǾ͵һ㣡
ҾֲĿǰȻһЩ۸ǲˡ
ˢˢˢ
ǩԼɷĴҲǩԼ֣  ˸ʽһݣʱ˭ҪǲҵڿҲ첻ȥˣ˿ǰӿıʲôҪҪˣ  꿴ǩԼҲǰһЦ
һԵ翴׾ôİһҾֲĳȥˣЩ۵ĿףСְ㡭ɵŵ㰡
˼ЦŵҾûָûû£ҵɵӼȻҪͶҲܲҪɣ
֮ҲЩ֦Ҳ
һԵĻ˼Ļм˵֪˭Цأ֪ţߣ
ĬǽĿͶ˳ڡ




1126ǳ
 


˿̳һƬɽХһ̫̫ĺ壡
һ˹ڶýע
ýɷ
ξֲ񻰾ֲĶְ
ǰȱҪڶʱֲĲ࣬ʵЩ̫ܣ
û뵽ȻǴǩԼǲ֪ξֲôİ
Ǵ˵еɵǮࡢɣ
ЩͬҲһĵ٩ҲǱ˺ܶ졣
ξֲһʲôҲɷȨһƣ
ڳ̳֮ܿ⣬ýҪɷξֲǱܾġ
úܶΪĲˬ˳һξֲҲĲܹˡ
沥񻰾ֲ׷Ա1š
ֳDJÿһβ񻰾ֲԱ֣ӭһƬɽХ
񻰾ֲȻдξֲӿ롣
аٷ֮ʮϵĻ񻰾ֲԣȥڣǶʱھۼ˴  ξֲ˿ǵҲһĸ߿
Ի᳤ѧ͸᳤±Ĵ£ǳ뻮һĸеսҲнĴţ  ᳤˵ξֲܲӮ񻰾ֲ
ǰ᳤û뵽ƣһҪ˰꣡
ǰԭɱĻǻϾܹ񻰾ֲˣû뵽ȻǸ˺ţ
񻰵ǰԣΪĲˬϣӮɣ벻䡭
ѧǰҲǾһ졣
ѧŭһֵܽǣξֲӣȻʱȱҪžֲһΪμͰɣս
࿴̨ѧ˵ָ£һεķ׳ĸ  ֳDJһε𣺡ΪҲξֲ׷
ףղŲѾ׷ôֱһΣѧҲһȵĿˡ
һԵ±ЦŵûôĹأֻҪԱûϳ׷еĻġһȷ˾ȷˣʲôⰡ
ûǲҪʲô̫ⰡξֲڿɲˣѧȻϿǵ֮ǰ˵ʱҲһı
⼸죬ξֲǷѵκýԵĹۿ
Ҳ֪Щξֲѵʲô
ֳDJǰ沥˺֮ǰһģ˻϶һƬ
⿴֮ǰҲ࣬ΪʲôҪ±һأ
һλζʮԱз棡
ֳDJһϯһ˳ţ
ֳDJĲܿԱͨ濴һһ׾ŵİ˴󺺴ӹ˳ξֲеĺɫӷȥޱȣ

˭Ҳû뵽֮ǰװΪֻӳˣȻȥԼսۣ
˿Ҳһļʵû뵽ֶҽȻ浽˵ĵز
İ°˺ûκεˣҽϵһСëûмĳ
ǰǲܵģʮʽʮ꣬ԱѾǴﵽ˶ʮ꣡  ʮ꣬ۼƵ˲һȥҽԺԼĸоǳá
ϱҲǽһ֣  ڽԼλϰҪԼŬرλϰ壡  Բۣôֳ
ǿǰ°˺ѰҪ˿
ģ񻰶һΣ˰ǿǳɱȰ˰
ˣ̵ΣһѶǧǮأһҪΣ˰
񻰾ֲһӾըˣȻĳ˵ӿֳһĨɫ
ξֲѾǳ׵˷Ȼǻ֪ô£
ܹǾ˵ͨ˶ҽĿ϶
һ£ӵĶҽԱ˶ԼְҵĿЦģ  ĳξֲߵԾǴżѪһ˷  ˿̣İڣ  ⡭ôأ˵Ǽһ°˺𣿡ѧʿˮȻ⵽ʲô
һʱоԼΧһת
׵˵㡭ǾȻżϢ
һԵ΢΢ЦϢߣȷǰ°˺ѣһλҽ˼ҩˣ
ҽƭذ󡭡
Щ˵ˣһѪ
һԵܸ΢΢һЦҵǿԱ֤ҽκҪ˵ѵĻ׺ˣ
桭񡭡ҽ
ôôã˾Ȼܹһҽ  һ뵽ԼղŸǩĶԼĶˡ




1127תʤ
 

ĳ֣˲򳡣  һƬ֮Щý߾ǷһĲϵ˿  ʵϣܶ߶ǹ֤ôģ
û뵽˼ҾȻվ֮ϣξֲԻ˿Ѿըˣһһƺ쳹
Сʱ֮󣡣  еһ죬ȫʽʼ  ЦеĿǰһУѾûκε꣬еǵʮ㣡
һоƿ֮Уûκεĵģ
ʼ֮񻰾ֲȿһ˫Ѿǻײһģ浶ʵǹĸ  ϰ볡񻰶ӵĹ糱ˮһһ˽һˣζΪĥϵ⣬ڼЩԮµĹΪһûϵͳԵѵǵܳ⡣
ڳԵЩƣڱ
һֱϰ볡ʮԺζӲŽĿʼӦ˱Ľ࣡
ɾǸոӦʱȴ񻰶Ǳ߽ˣ
GOAL  Ž˵ԱһĽк޵°һٿճ䣬ֱӽζӵѣ  1:0
ϰ볡ӽβʱ񻰶ˣ
ԭһֱǵ꿴ǰĳ˼ҪQ
˷ܵĻԼȭͷ·Ӯһ㣡  ʵҲ֪Լľֲûˡ
ű֣ȻǿҲûжѵ֧Ҳһ˶ԿȫӰɣ
ζӵĽǲզΣɷǿԣ
ȻˣҪζӵãټԱźƾʾ׵ļ˾ȵĻڵıȷѾ03ıȷˡ
ϰ볡ȷֱ1:0սĽ񻰶һȽ°볡
ʱЩüŻ˼ЦһڵһСʱҵʱ䣬¹˭־֪ˣ
˼ʵҲһƣû뵽񻰶ӻͰ  ôǣȻڱ֮С
ʵ϶Ҳ֪ЩȫΪһﶼûϹԭ
ڿȥѾ΢һЩˣЩ˵ľѹЩҪǵ°볡ϵĻʱп̵ֱܳľ氡
׿һûнأ˵Ҳ̫һ㣡
ߣƣ
˿ãҲø׵˼ƽˣƻϿԱ֤һľ氡
Ҫ֮ǰڽһĻǻϾˣ
ֻϧһκʵЩ̫ϧˣ1:0ıȷȻ⣬ɾҲǲˡ
ֻҪȵһξֲʱ򻹲ô棿  ٹһСʱͻȥԼĸױһϲѶˡ
ͶԱϢң  ˼ǴͷɥĿʵϸҲһơ
ǵȷǷǳĶֻ࣬Щ˲žĥϣûжЧ
ҿȥ˵Ҳźܴ⣬һʱỹǽˡ
һȻʱ߽ԱϢң  һ׵ĵվ˲֪ЩԱ֪Լϰ֮һ
ǺǣôˣһͷɥӣߵĲǺ߳ӡֻøȽһѣֲֻʮӣǾʮӲ𣿡
׿΢΢һЦƺʮ㣡  һԵĸֶԱ֮ĥʱ̫ˣܶ༼սһӸӲ
˿̣˭Ҳ֪ǣ׵ΧһţЩԭЩƣĸоԼı仯
ټڴһϢ׶Σٹ֮ǾͻоԼǸտʼһ  ׳صӣҲôֻõֶһ߾ȫģ
׳ЦŵˣλܹһÿĽ𣡣Ŭɡ
򣿣
һ׵ĻǴ˼Ѫһ㣡
򰡣ʲôкܶһĹʶòôࡣ
νҪ񻰾ֲʲôأ
ë϶ѣ  °볡ʼһεĻصİڣ  °볡ĿʼƺоЩԾ  ⡭ξֲǰôôѧЩƵĿųЩƣڱˡ
ЦһɵӹǸɶôܣʮӾЪˣ
GOAL  ǻδʱ°볡ӵʱζӾȡ˽򣡣
һǿͷţӦ
ξֲǱ˲ˣ˵һλȫΪϧıĻᣡ
ЩĿɿڴĿǰһУտʼӣԭѾµľһε
˫һεĻصͬһߣԱҲĻã  ξֲԱ棬ҲԽԽĬϾǶԱǺܿӦı࣡
GOAL  ĵڰʮӣ˵Աһεļŭţɣ˹һɣ˹  ɣ˹Խλɹֱӵᣬι񻰶ӵԱ˿ţ
ʮҵʱ䣬ʤƽѾξֲ߿ʼбˡ
ʮӣ
ʮӣ˶ʮӺ·Ǿһһ㣡  ལ
죬ȫξֲ2:1սʤ񻰾ֲ
ų̋ԻǻȸԾӣ˫ֶЩ΢΢ɫЩǺ֮ɫ
ȻһҾֲоԼԼӡ




1128ºټ
 

סˣ
񻰾ֲԼ񻰾ֲһ̾Ҫˣ
ԼӪôõ¹ˣһľİ
ߣ
ŭ죬һʧߣ뿴˼ǳЦĿ⡣
˼һﵹǺٺһЦӭ´ιٰ񻰾ֲԶӭ
ꡭ
걧Ŵֿڣ뿪ط˿һҪ˵ĳ嶯
ûа취˾ˣ
׿ȥķŻ˼ԭ׼ξֲģڿװ׼һ񻰾ֲ
ָ磬Ҫ񻰾ֲң˼΢΢һЦҲԣһ˲ͬʱӵҾֲҲûа취飡
ţԼӰɣЦŵ
ָ磬İɣˣ֮ǰ绰ȥء˼˿׵
Щʵϣǹȥʲô
ҾͲ֪ˣҹʱ򣬺ȴҵ绰ȻҾ˵˸ָһأһȥһˣ
˼ʵҲ֪һνǵΪʲô飿  һҲûд绰ס
׵ͷţһǺϼҼɣ
׿˿ʱ䣬˿ѾϿʮˣʱºѾ˯ˡ
Ȼ֪ʲôǺϼȻ˵ӦòС
ͨһЩ飬ϼǲ鷳׵ģ  ׸ص˽һŹݣһҹ֮ڶһܹȥϰˡ
һȥΪ˴ְģ  ϣ׸Ҳˣʱξֲ
ʵǸְԼҲ׵ˣ޼漦޹湷ڵЩСһ׵ķԸˡ
ɽׯ  ϴ˿ڸһ𣬶ϲ֪ϰ׸˼ˡ
׺ͻ˼ӣϵһЦŵ˵ϰⱣܹĿ԰
Ǻǣ㲻˵Ҷˣ˼СһģⶼкüûмСˣ
ʾ׺ͻ˼£
˼źЦŵϣô񰡣
һԵ׳ź΢΢ͷϣң
˼Сʲôʱܹ˼Сؾͺˣ˵㶼ˣʲôӰ
ϿŻ˼
˼ΪƵĿźϵϣⲻǿ
ϿһԵĻ˼Цŵ˼˵СӾͲܸĸ컬ë
ҲǵͷǣҵͬϵĿСӾͿֻʣһ˰
˼һж˵ԼҲǸϽתƻϣһٻ͸Ϲ𣿡
е顭Щԥ˵Ҳ֪ӦòӦø˵
ɶ鰡ϣֻҪܹģǾԲƴǰ˼ظ
һԵ׿ź΢΢һЦϣͲôˣʲô˵ͺˣõȻǻ졣ǰ첻ĻҲ뾡취ġ
ţҾллλϐź΢΢һЦ
˼һ㶣Ȼû뵽˵ôֱӣ
Ͽźϵ˵ϰ֮ǰ˵ǸʲôΣɣ
ϵͷ飡
Σ˵ϣΣڶǰɣûɶϵ˼źϳ
ûйϵϵ̫˰иҵܵһ̶ȵĳϳһȥǣ߲ҲʮֵĹע£ĿǰȫĽл蹤Ҳ֡
ҵ֪һЩǵĽΣȻҹĿǰûвӰ죬һЩҵѾֳˡ֮ǰչһҵǾƷġ
׳Ҳ֪Σ纣Хһ㣬ˣڹҺڵĳ൱İ
С˵û׵ľ𽺲ҵһΣ룬ҵṤڶܵ˺ܴӰ죬֯䡢ӹҵȵȵȵȣиҵ亦
ϵüͷ΢΢𣬹Ȼܹһ̶أһεĽΣƺЩԣ  Ŀǰ׻ǷǳĲ
ϣͷԸɡֱ˵˵
ϹһЦС־ˬ죬ʵȻܵһЩɻֵܹסġµľǡ
У̽Եʵ
һǹУĿǰֹ۰




1129׵Ľ
 

ɽׯϵļУ  ˿̺Ҳüͷƺȥһ˼ΪҵҲŻѪ
׸о˷ǳֵþ壬һȫ׸ң  ΰģҲ˽ģ  вӦòɣһЩҵܵһЩӰģȻעУ֮ǰĻҲһЩݣ  еȷû̫ĲΪûгΣһ˲ɿصصĻʱǱɽ
ϵг˵֮ɫһȥǣԼҲǿԸܵĳֹۡ
ʵϣҲ취ӦԴ£ֻҪҵʱ׳ʿ׼»ɸĿֻţ  Ժֻܹ׿Ͼ׵ʵ֪ġ
Ȼˣ˼ʵҲǿԵģ
ʵϣһǺԼ˽ҵףҲ֪һϰæˡ
һξΣıҪʮҵʱ䣬Ҷһٷʱ̣
һΣʱ򼴱ܵ¾ҲҪ˸갡
ⲻùҵŬ֮
ⲻΪģ˵ʵڵûа취  һεľΣƺźǿΪ棬ƺЩڳҰĿⶼ˾ٷǳĶǺ׻ˡ
ɲһܺõźŰ  Цŵϣô
Ҿ룬ôһ죬гΣʱϣϼźͻŷܹʩԮ֡
Ҳֱ˵˵⿿ҵǲڵĵġ
ǿļҵǿɱΧд޴ģ
ֻҪͦΪѵһ£ǾOKˣ
΢΢һЦӦõģĿǰѾչ𽺵Ĺɷݣʱ˲ۣҪĻҲ㣡
Сְҵȵľ仰ϼ˵
׵дһ˿ɱϣ˵ʵ˸׻ƣΪ׻ٹʮ꣬׻Ʒչˣʱ򿴿˻Ҳ㣡
ǰ׻ŸνĽڳҵĻᣬʵϾҪͨڸܸˣۻĲƸתΪǵĲƸѪ
ϳ˲׻֮ˣǲڱ
ܹκεǵе˭أ  ֻܹԼ˿ӣҲδѣ  ȻйⷽԹģҲΪĵǡ
˼źϵѣƥ𣡣ϣʱȻӲģЩӸҵ׻ǮҶȻǸۣ
׿Ż˼ЦŵСӿںźô룬Щ˿ɶĸ֣ʱɵСĵ㣡
ⲻǻָ˼ٺһЦ
ҲЦŵĲǹңʱܶҲǱⲻ˵ģܹҲֻó׼ѡһҺǹʵһҪǣгȶҲҪСһЩ
Ǻǣϣҵһ취ܹһ̶Ͻ˵Σڿʼ׼ﱸϼаɡЦŵ
һдһ˿ϲϼУ
׼ȷ˵ϻױƷ쳽ԴС΢΢һЦ
ţ쳽ԴǸոоܶṆ̀Ǹйϵ
Ϊ𾪵Ŀ˿ףʵŻǹעһµġ
Ļû˽⣬û뵽龹ȻҲйϵ  ΢΢һЦҹ˾ͶʵģδǱǳĴٹ꣬쳽Ϊ׻ƵĽģ
Ҳһ찡ںͨļóгǱ¢ϣȻЩ̻ǷǳĲģɱϾûоƣһζֻͼĻûкļվ߲Զϳ
˼Ҳһָ磬ǡ쳽ԴͶʵģ˵˭ôţأ
װһۻ˼Ȼźϵϣ쳽Դ˹ʵĹ㷺עڳﱸߣĿǰǵĵһ̨ҲѾ׶ˣڲԶĽ
һ쳽ԴУʱҲһӦҪĻϻױƷУνǸעһǿļеʱ仹Ҫƺá
֪˾УδӰǲɹġ
ϻױƷУ׻ƹжžԵĵõġ
Цŵ֪ƽȹɵĻǰ֮׼СʲôĻǾǰСǰҪ׼кܶ࣬ʱ򻹵ϰߺŰ
û⣡ҲüЦǽһĺϢˡ
壡
׵ֻһİʡ˽Ҳ΢΢ü




1130㳿Ϣ
 

ϵļУ
죬׳ŵϻױƷ쳽Դ֮󣬺ϵĽƺһҲ⿪ˡ
ȻҲ֪ϻױƷвһӽ⣡
һϻױƷУȶžϵõġ
ֻҪϻױƷУʱ̵ǰ϶飡  ֮ʣ׵ĵ绰Ѿ
˭С֣ҪͽӰɡЦŵ
΢΢ҡͷ֪˭GXʡĵ绰GXʡҵûȥôطĵ绰
ָ磬пƭӰҿ˼˼׸ҵ
Цŵҽһ¿ɣι
ιð𣿡
绰ͷһӵȻ˵ͨʵЩ̫׼
ǣλʵ
ãҽ㳿ĸ硭
绰ͷƺЩ٣ȥӦʲô飬һ㳿֣ҲЦ
Լһͽܻȥһ֮󣬾ȻЩѶˣ
һҲ̫ˣԾûй˵ȥ㳿û뵽һξȻ㳿ĸԼ绰š
ã㳿أ
ҲЩƣ㳿겻Լϵˣû뵽һϵȻˡ
ҡӱ˸ˡЩŵ˵
˸ˣʲôˣ׳ʵ
ߵһСɣǼСð˼ҲһͿˣԱǼ˸ץˡ
󵽵ûʲô飬ʵҲһ㣡  ͦص˵ģˣӦ㳿鷳ˣȻԼĸԼ绰ġ
Ǽҵĵַ˵һ£Ϲȥ
׳㳿츳ܲԼĵһͽܡ
˾ȻץͽܣȻҲܹȰɣΪ㳿˵ĻҲñ˵֮С
ȥΪ˿׷ʲô飬Ҳ˳Ҫ㳿ӻؾ̫幬ȥ
ʱˣ׳Ⱑ
֪ĻӦһ绰㳿ӻˣ
С֣ôˣ
ϸղʲôץʲôģΪ׵ʲô鷳أ
С֣ʲôҲǹеʵ
׼򵥵İ˵һȻ㳿ҵͽܣͽѣԼʦĿɲܼȰϡԺ飬ҵȸȥGXʡLһˣ
GXʡLУϿʵǱߵмѣҪȻҸһȥɣҽϵҪ
˵ĺʵҲҪ׳ȥߣ˳ʾ̫幬
׿ϵͷУȻǱ˵ĻǾͺð˰Ǻǣ
Ͽ׵ҲЦЦϹȥĻӦûʲô˰GXʡųҽԴ֮һǱӦûǲ٣
һԵĻ˼ҲԾԾԵ˵ָ磬ҪȻҲһȥ
ˣ˼ɣҸ϶ԽһϻױƷеˣͱˣԼԸ㶨
׿Ż˼ǲ˲ģ  ˮڣ
㳿ûܵʲô˺Ҳǳʲô˵ˣأ  GXʡLУ  Ȼ֪׵ĵ˲LеʱҲЩĿɿڴ
ǿߵһĵزɽͶӵлص
ֻʵ΢ȻҲֻܹһ£  ǿҲǸоһĺޱȣ  ˣ⵽ʲôʵ
Lеĳɽ֮ϣ׺վǱߣΧһˡ
׿ЦŵϣԺҲﵽȾģԭڿҽʵˡ
ҽ⡭ѧҽ𾪵Ŀס
΢΢ͷ㳿յĵһͽܣʱҿˮľ˫ԣоˡҽҲֻһ;
ȻĿֶо൱İ
ϱҽһҲǷǳܣ  ׿΢΢һЦϣһҪ㳿ؾ̫幬ʱ㳿ȥӦһʱɡ
лˣ
ϴ˿ҲһļʵһľΪ˳׼ġ
Цŵϣ˵֮ͲҪôˡʱȻؾ̫幬ģİɣ
ڣȻǷޱȣЦŵ
΢΢ͷ̧ͷԶķ˿˳Щ̫ͻһЩҪߡ
˵꣬ʹϳλü۶ȥ




1131±Ƶ㳿
 

GXʡLأ  λLе֮أYNʡɽ  ɽï֡ţҲΪеĵ֮һ
㳿ļҾصڼҴ塣
׺ڼҴʱǷһĴӲʲô
Ҫ˵ʲôͬĻҲֻǱһغҪƶһЩѣ
úһЩˣԺܶ˼ҶǸ¥ȻȲغݻװޣסȴҲ൱Ĳ
һļô߰׺ڴ棬ļǻǲ֪
Ͼֻʶ㳿ʶ֮ǰԼ绰
ԼʶɶҲûУҲǺġ
ǸһЩŹֵʵ
Ǻǣ㳿ѣһ·ߣҪ˵ġ
ҲǴŹ˵˵ѹҲʶ㳿Լͽܡ
㳿ѣǻǲҪȥǼ˰㳿ҳˡǸҿ˿ҲǸϽ˵
Ŷˣ֪ܸܲʲô鰡׿һϣȻǸ
ǲǱˣȻ֪˰㳿ѧҽģ˵ڴеҽһ˿˼Ҹ˰
ܵͣ˵֮󿴿ܵûˣ  ôܣ㳿ʶģҽȻ˵̫ڣɻǲİҲüͷ
㳿ĳ飬Щճˣ  λİ顣Ҳ㳿ùʵҲ˿һֱڼġ첻֪Ϊʲôһط˹һΣ֮ˣȻͳ⵵ӵ飬İǻǲ֪
Σ֮ˣӰⲡΣ֮˾ҽȲҲİôܹ˼㳿ҽأ
һУⲡΣ֮ĸֵʱҲǾεĺܣ
Ҳö˵㳿Ѿ취Ⱦɣ㳿⺢һֱܲģ֪Ϊʲô̯飡㳿Ҿڴͷǿϻ棬ǵǱ߾Ϳˡ
ǸЩֵ˵˼䣬ƺҲΪ㳿򱧲ƽ
λֹӣҲǳϣƺЩԾҿ㳿ӦǱˣ
ٷ֮ʮĿ԰ɣϳôһΣ֮˾ȲҲȻֲҽͷϣ
ȥɡ
üͷǱ˹ȥҪ˭ôţҶԼͽܣ
ڼҴ壡
˿һļٵڼתţѾûκεİ취  һε˵ҲǷǳĹŹ֣ǸоЩֲ
׺ļУİ˴룬ҲǺǳǸʲôģ
󣿡׿˿󣬸㳿м֮  Ҿǲ°ã
Ҳûо׸ϻô죬һӦǲǸԼõʧйϵ
ô˵㳿ûл
׳ʵֲøղʶɨһȦûиܵ㳿Ĵڡ
ףЩƵʵ㡭ǣ
֣֮ǰ绰ҵģ׳
˼˼ղһΪ°㳿ǰء
Ҳһ׵ĵƺһЩˡ
ǴйģܹЩ뷨ǣ
һղڴӿھ˵Ǽҳˣ㳿ʲô
㳿ڵҲ֪һͻȻ̧һ˴ǵļУ㳿ؾǸˡӦҲ֪㳿Ǹҽôܹأ͡
̾һʼ飡  㳿ǸˣʱҲó˺Щĸоˡ
㳿ϰ֮ԼҽҲһЩĵá
ǵδ˵ʱһӻ˹ȥȻôŪҲŪˡ
ǰƺԤıֱӽ㳿°ˣӶ֪ˡ
ΪĵľԼСõİȫģǲôġ
׳ǰʲô֪𣿡
˵ʵ置֮ˣ߲Զ׵˳
置֮ˣЩɻʵ
置֮ҵ֪һЩЩһɰɣǵĹҲǱȽصһβʽЩΪأҲҼһλʵ
صذʵ⼸˼֣һ˹ν置֮˺пһɻɡ
׺ȻЩˣΪ㳿ǺĹ˴Ҳ֮С
ֻ׵ʱûпôȫ˭֪㳿ļҸȻߵĴأ  Ȼһжֻǲ²ѣδ֤ʵ  ͨһȾðɡ
ģȻˣȻӲģվɡ
׵Ŀ͸һɺâҪŪʲô۶ӳĻǿɾ͹ֲˡ
˸ҳ
ڼŶԲߵʱһ𣬽һͳ˽




1132¿Ŀ
 

ҵ⣡
εվǱߣ⼸ȴʲôˣȥһ  ׺˳ǿ⼸ˣδ˵  ׼ǰһˣмǣǰôˣ
ߣôˣҸ㣬ǹ˸ȥġҵܱøĲģ˵ôɣ
Ϊ׵Ǹ˿ȥһСӲʲôࡣ
ǵܱܵǰˣֻǰæѡŭһ
æߣӲҽҵܱЩ˷ðôһΣڶʡˣ㾹Ȼ˵ҵܰǲŲҰҷӸˣ
˿ȥûκεı֮ɫ˵ԼĵܵǲʡµĻǾԲı顣
ǡǵҪô󼱵ЩҪҲ֪置ǲĴڣ
˱ŵĺܣһܹʮˣģǳӴ
ڼҴ˼Ƕܶ㣬˭ԸԼ˻ˮأ  ˺ٺһЦǴͷõģڸˣԸ
ģ
Ȼ˵Ļ˵ˣȼһ˿˿ϣ  ȻˣҲôӦһҪӦˣ㳿ҽϾͿԻصУ˵¶һ˿ײЦݡ
Щļ˵ʲôǻ
ϲ³֣
ʲôܣǵܵܶ첻ˣȻҪü޸ǸܵܣֱЦ
бŷһŭ˼ֱ᲻  һ˹ҪռԼã룡  Ǿûа취ˣ֪һҵܵˣʱʲôĺҸ㣬õĽҿĿܹҲֻˡ
ֽĿȥŻǺܸߵġ
һԵļ˺ٺһЦĿ置Ŀ峤ü޵ǿĻܲٻ󣬹
ޣ룡ŭ죬˵Ļҿɱ
ߣ֮ûǲҪǿ϶һӵģ
Ŀһ˿ϾȻһӣȥΪˡ
һӣҲǿһ£ŵЩҴ
置֮ˣóùˣȴҲóùɱˣȻ֮ǰûļڿˣһĻţ  СӣӦþǴ˵еĹƣ  ˵Сһ˵ڣǺǲİ  㡭ʲôڴڵĴŴһԵ׿˿ĿĿǸղ˵㳿ûκܵܵĲ
˭
Ŀ׺һԵͷҲǱһľ⡣
׿ſĿ㲻Ҫ˭ȻıܵܵϣǲֻҪȺĵܵܣ㳿ͿԻˣ
ߣȻҵܵѾʡ£置ĴʦҲûκεİ취ܹʲô취
Ŀһתײ֪Щʲô
׵ν˵Ȼ˵ĻȥԲˣܹܵܵĻǾͷ㳿β˵Ļǵʱ˵𣿡
ƾ㣿ĿЦһȻҪĻҾͳȫˣ
ǧҪȥǵĵ̣ʱ򡭡
һ׾ȻҪȥҲһ
ǴڼҴ壬˶ӣ˻ĲҸʲô
ȥ˿ǱߵĻʱҪ¶زˡ
Լÿɻָ취ȥذҪǽѵĻǵʱôźأ
׿˿׻ҽ̩ɽҽҲǹھ£ȻҪһˣҲȥ㳿ôɣߵǵϢͺˡ

Ҫ׼˵һЩʲô׳΢΢ҡҡͷ
ĿٺһЦһҪβҵܵܵĲʱ˸绹ùȥü޸ҵܵܰ
㡭Σ
Ĳ֪Ӧ˵ЩʲôˣҲ֪Լûֻܹż
׿ſĿЩͷ˵ÿһ㣬Ҫ㳿ʲôĻʱɱҲ
٣㣿ҵҪô
ĿЦ˼ǵĳڼҴ˹ȥ




1133Ů
 

壡
置һգΪϹĴм֮һʵϺܶ˲֪置ܣ  ĿҲһλʦҲһλߣ  ֻʦһ̫̫Ĳͬ  ǰڣǶԻƳΪΪ  ҲΪʲôһʼϸоһ˿˿ĹŹ֣ȴûиоʲô̫쳣һԭ  ʦ  һֱȽϺְҵ󲿷ֶ置һص置ȴֲһҽĵط  ˵ЩǿĹʦǻĹƳܹɱ˵ΪУ  ʦȥȽϵͳȴ̫̫࣡
置һ׼ѣ置ʦǶ棬˲ŵһطѣ
ĿҪ磬Ҳ뾭һϵеĿ顣
Ҫ置У츳֮⣬мݾߡ
һݾǷ츳ѵĹʦڶݾǻĹƳ棬ǽһЩصƷʲôġ
֮ܶҪгʵĵطܹ置Щʦܹ㣡
置ڶ࣡  ܹһλʦļ壬ǿɾ˲ˣ
磬ôִ˻˰
׵˸ոս置һɽ֮ڣǾͷطϰٻ˾סӶľΪ
ӭſĿ˵ǸŮķΣȥǱһ顣
ЦСѣһ
ŮӦⲨпһˡ
hôˣһЩ𣿡
ĿǰŮӣЩ۵ʵ
һãƺ첻ˡhŮӿſĿЩ˵
ܵѾҩɾˣ֮ǰѾѯʹ״ˣ״ҲΪĿ
Ǹʲôģôְİ˴ǵļأhЩƵĿԼĸʵ
ߣҪǸ㳿ġĿ
ҽģ磬Ҫ˵أҽȻûоǶ磬˼ȴѾǾˣӦ֪ĲģΪѱǿȻʲô壬Ҳ㲻ɣ
hԼĴ磬ҲǳƺԼĸΪǳķŭ
hҲΪáĿ
ΪҺãҿ置˰ɣhЩŭ˵
ĿԼõhĲ׻ǼٵĲףǿǵĴҿɲĿԼü޸˵
磬֪㲻Ҽ޸Ǹˣ˼ҽʲôϵأ˼ҿǰҶģ𱨣㻹ǿĽ𣿡
hӶ޳ˣȻ޳Լĸô
ĿԼõСǸһֻ˵ǽŮӣһŮ˼޸磬ͽΪŮ֮һʱҰŮ˽ȥżС϶û˵ġ
磬Ķ̫ʧˣΪСͻŹǵõҽʱ򻹻취Ȣȥģ̫˽ˣ
hһ׵ǿԿóŮǰĵġ
ܵôܹࣿһӾһӣĿ
׿ſĿЦһڿͽܵˣǸѾǲˣ
ߣôҿĿ˵㣡Ŀ
h׵ˣϹһ˿˿ǸȻ𾴵Ŀãӭǿ壬ΪҸ֮ǰµĴǵǸǿԴǵˡ
h㡭˲ɣҲߵģԲᣡ
ĿԼҲǵԼ۾һ㶼ã
hԼĴѾǶһλεذף˿еذѾǼԼĲϣ
磬ҪôĻҵĲҪҽĻֻһˡ
hԼĴ磬¶һ˿˿ľ  㡭úúãͷߣͷߡĿԥһ֮ЩͷɥĿԼá
ſh¶һ˿ЦݣҲ΢΢ҡͷ
׺˲Ŀ˿ԷǶû뵽龹Ȼӵġ
ԭҪɱףɶҲûжأȻľ棬û뵽  ſhǾı飬ûи㶮ŮΪʲôԼȥһİ˵  Ѳ֮ˣ




1134㳿
 

壡
ܶ˶Χ峤ԼǱǽǺˣҲָָģ  hԼĸ磬ҲǸȻ˵磬ĶԲ𣬲ԸԼȥȡİ
h㲻Ҫ˵ˣûãĿһ̾Ȼˮ׸оһ֡
֮ǰоģһĲ  û뵽һﻹһ棬ЩĿ࿴ζˡ
˵ж᲻ᵯֻδĴ  ãӦǴĵһĨˡ
磬Ҫô˵ֻּܹ̫ǿˡhҲ̾һ
׿ſĿȻҪ˵ĻҲ˵ʲôˣأ
㡭ˣ
ĿƺЩвʣǺļƲߣұôĵطҵôŮ  ΪһжǳԤķչû뵽վȻһ֡
ȻҲ֪ԼǸʲôˣֻǿĿôҲû뵽ԼþȻΪһɵԸԼ  㳿ӿĺԺ˳ߵʱʵѾǰȫˣ  ׼һ飬㳿δܵκε˺  ʦ
㳿һ׵ĵҲһϲĿףವһ¾ȥ
׿㳿ЩܾӣҲıȻĸ첲ûˣİɣ
ţҡҾ֪ʦҵģ㳿ʵ֮ǰһֱǣϾһĵطҲһĲġ
û۸ɣʵ
㳿΢΢ҡͷ۸û۸סĳԵĶǲģҲ֪ΪʲôҪץңʵ֮ǰҾȵǸˣ֮ǰѾǶˣѾŬˡ
׿˿㳿ЦŵеĲѾˣ
ʦҵǱҽĺ氡ԭҪȥģԽԽԡһڼ£ԾԼоˡҷҵҲԽԽˡ
㳿Щؿף׼ȼ׵ʱú⵽ôһ£
Ѿǳ׵ˣԼúо⿪ƪ֮ȥףһȥ͵˺ܳʱ䡣
ԭ㳿Ǵͻؽ׵ģֻû뵽⵵ӵ飡
ڻǰȻļԼʦ
ˣǿˣĿ
һԵĿh㳿΢΢һЦҽҲ˺˰ɣллΪ˶Σлл
hĿͿĿİγĶԱȣ  ׵ҲǲҪ£΢΢ͷˣȻûˣǾ߰ɣ
ʦ
㳿ЩֹĿףƺЩҪ˵ֲ֪Ӧô˵
ô㳿£΢΢ü㳿ʵ
㳿һʦ֪ҽտ֪ûа취Ⱦȿأ
ţΪʲôҪ֪ҪʲôΪûľٶĻߡ
׿㳿ʵЩ㳿ΪʲôҪô  㳿׵䡭ʵ쵽Ҿ˺ܶ࣬ʵʲô֮ɡǿhһֱοңҲ֪ĿԵģʵͦģҡ
֮˱пɺ֮仰Ӧ˵İɣ
ʵӸղڣ׵ҲһЩüĿ
˵Ψһòһ˾h
ĿȻΪԼúãԼĿֽڱ˵ʹ֮ϣȻһΪ  ȻԼҲƲǾӣ׵Ǻϲ  ԼбҪȥļ壬ǿh㳿ҲҪ㳿ȥh
׿ˣ  ױڹʦЩо̫ãȻˣⴿǵһоѣΪǲ̫˽⣡  ʦǿҽһʤ߼㳿ǣ׵ĸ첲ҡҡ˵
һԵϹһЦطҲ棬ȥô°ɣ
аɣš
ҲǿЦһϾԼͽܸոܹ˺ĵҲ˵ҲεĴӦˡ
ҽ⡭ʦҲһλҽѧ𣿡hЩʵ
㳿ҽѾǷǳĲˣ˼ҵʦǿ϶Ǻˡ
ţhĲûа취ˣʦͲһˡ㳿Цŵ
оΪأԼʦǻа취ġ
һԵĿĿЦҶܵĲ置õĴʦûа취κãƾhͲҪˣÿ𣿡
׿ſĿһȲһÿǿأλӦҲ˰ɡ




1135¹Ƴ֮
 

С˵ʲô
ĿŭĿԲĿǰףû뵽СӾȻԼûˡ
置ߣҶǱȽϵŷЩģһ˵ܶѾԾԾˣ
˵ʲôǺǣ˵ʱ䣬Ѳɲǣ
׿ſĿҲ΢΢ЦһЩ֮⣬һǴ
ԼõʲôȻ
ʦҡôûиоóҾhֻе㺮ֶѣûôذ
㳿׵Ļ˶ǲ
һԵ΢΢һ̾ӡ÷ڣҲǷһ˿ɫжһְֻǱ󡭡
λǡ㳿ʵ
׳λ׻ҽѧϡ
ԭϰʧʧ㳿̵
΢΢ֵҲңҽĸͽҵֻ̾
˵Ļû׵ҽνǾ˫֣  ׵İٷ֮һϲϣ㳿Ȼᣬ˼ŵļǱء
һ˿ô˵ϵҲ㳿ǾͲͬˡ
Ŀݵ񣡣
ڿĿ׼֮ʣһߴ置ķΣͷһ˳  ˲ǱˣǿĿĸ׿꣡  ӭ峤ˣ
˿֮Ҳ΢΢ͷſҾ
״ˣڱչôˣĿſЩƵʵ
ߣ㻹ҵĸǶǿhֹ㣬Ϊͼʲôֻ۸˱СŮˣ
ֱ˦Լеľȣ׼ſĿҹȥ
ҿһԵĿhˣÿĿӹһ٣  ĿҪ׼ͣһԼѾǵˣ磬ͲҪǸ״ˡ
Ǹϣŭɶ˵ת׺ҾλǴĲ㣬½⡣ǿһΪֿĲġ
ͲˣǿͽܵϣҶܳ־Ů׳
ϣǾȻܹŮо綾Щʵ
ѲΪϹ˵ɣЦһ
һԵĿĿɴ۾Լĸ׵ף⡭˵ģhǷ纮ôΣء
ЩΪ˿οǵĻϵĻhĳֶ£ֻҸ̸鲻еǺֶ޷֢ҩ
ƺ˵֮һӶо˼꣡
һӣܵĴʵ̫̫ˣԼĶӿɽ׽Ƴʱ򣬲֪ô˹ƶ  ܲ˵ǣԼСŮȻҲƺǹƶֲҲ֪⵽ôһˣ
ͨ
Ŀƺһ˹ĿԼĸףȻ׵ķ֪ǰ˻ΨһԽԼõˡ
ԼҪʧȥԼĶܣ鷳겻ѣû뵽Ǿجģ  ãѲֻܹʣԼһ
λԭĿղŵĲҲܹĿţǣ
Ŀ˫ϥأ׵ķ򲻶ϵĿͷ
΢΢˫ۣ̾һ֪ˣαصأֶ㳿ȥĻҲ㣡
֪ˣԸҵȡõֻҪܹҽãԸл
ĿüͷһᣬҲǳ
ŶǺǣһҽκˣҵɣЦŵ
ô˵ӦˣĿͿ꼸ͬ˵
Ѿǳ׵û˷ǰ⼸ˣ˵ʵҲҽˡ
ʵhĹһڼһĶߣⶫӦþǸԴ֮ڰɡ
Ҳ֪ôȥڿhڵֻɫ䶯Сӣ  ˵ʵʵһЩ˻ǿ  ʵҲߣϲֻܹ࣬ǸոŶѣ
ǿʵҲǷǳģײ֪ǰɫĳʵǹʦĹƳ档
Ƴ滹źܶļ置ڵЩǿߣǵĹƳһǿޱȣʮ㣡  置ڣȴԵλǳĵ£
ƺѾ뵽ħڵ£Ȼħûж˸ǣһȴҲ
ɫĳӣƳ֮£곯ΧΧ۵˳תͷ𾪵Ŀ׳ʵĪҲҵͬˣ
ಣ  һɫĹ׵Ϯƺף




1136置
 

ݣ
ǵɫĹһû׵ڣ
ڸոգ׺Ȼ쵽һ˿ɱͷһhڲİɫС泯ԼķϮ  ΢΢ЦֱǳӽԼڣ
ССİϷҲĸǰ棿ֱǿЦ  Сġ
ȥֹͿǵɫĹû뵽Լڡ
ײϵĸСӣû뵽СӾȻձĹܣ⵹ЩĿ࿴ˡ
ⶫʼվЩģ  һ뵽гȥģ붼Щˡ
Ƴ֮
ĿҲǵɴ۾ǰһУܹսƳֱ˵֮УҲǴﵽһεǿ߰
˭ҳ
˿ɫĿ£֪ǿߣһΣյ
Ϊ峤ΣգҪԣ  û뵽СӾȻҵĹƳ֮ǲ
һź£ͷɫҵӴӿǿôƺһЩźĸо  㡭㵽˭Ȼƶ֮ǱȻ置֮ˣ֪置֮ǲڶģ
оһıǰ˿ž͸оһǿ
ܲ˵ʲôʵ  Щ֣Ϊʲôᶢأǿ置ǲֵһ鰡  ߣҲʸ֪ҵݣһﵷңŮϵĴ֮Ҹˣҵɷ׹ƳܹһЩˣ
˵Ƿһ˿˿ЦΪı飬Ҳ֪أǸʲô
㡭㵽Ҫʲô㾹ȻŮ˵Ĵ֮ĹƳ棬ҪǱ֪ˣ㲻к³ģ
ŭһ˾ȻԼĹƳ֮ԸԼŮ  ǸҪ˰ѾˣŮҪΪ˵ʦҲˡЩŴƻҵļƻ˵ôأֻܹЩ˺Ϊˣ
ǸŵģΪԼѾǿסһУ
ߣ룬ҶǿˣǾͱҵʬϿȥ
ȻŷһƣĸǰҲǳһֻɫĹƳ棬ȥޱȣ
һССһ׹ʦҲĽ׹ʦǰţЦһóһƺͲǺܴ
һ׹ʦĽ׹ʦô£Ȼ֪
ƺҲ³һţΪʵĲΣǴﵽĲΣ
νһ׺ĽףӦҲǶӦʵֵġ
ֻϡеŻ߽ԼصĻֶѣ
һĽ׹ʦ
ɫɷףЩŵָŶ˵㡭㡭置ڵˣ
ߣ֪Ҳ˺ٺһЦ׳Сӣ㲢ߣȻܹҵɷ׹Ƴ棬˲ð˵˵ôģ˵ʵһԲɱ㣬
֪ҵиҪ㣬ڵС׳˵Ļôأ
ΪζĿǰǸˣɫСڵǱQͦʵģΪ൱ĳ氡
ߣƾ㣿ΣЦһȻ׵ɵ뷨ǳĿЦ
׵ɫ䣬һץ
ǰɫСӱ㸡ԼĸǰȻֻһĴСȴУ  置һصĵطǾȻһСΪĻһķ˼
һԵ㳿ǰɫСڿһ䶯ˣ
ڶ֪˵ڸʲô˵ĸһĻ  ǿԼʦĪӣһĲ죡
һԵѾǳ΢΢ҡͷʾҪ廰Ҳ廰  ˿㳿ǺˣôŶоӾħͷһ㣡  һ㶣Щֵ˵㡭㾹Ȼܹҵɷ׹Ƴ⡭ⲻܣ
أ
ԭ׸ǰɷ׹Ƴ棬˲䱬˿һ׶ûУ
ۣ
ԭŰǺӣԼɴһѪ˵ϡ
Ƴһڱ˵˺ҲǷǳģȻһﲢǻһֻƳ棬ȥӦֻ  ʵϣʦܹԦƳԼĽλźܴĹϵĽ׹ʦϿӵֻƳ棡
ಣ
˿ԥߣȻʶһҲ׷
置飬ûд֣ΪڸԼҲû̫Ĺϵ
ֻû뵽һĻȴһ˿Σ




1137¾
 

壡
˿̣г֮ɫ
ԭΪһο϶ҪˣҪ֪ǶĽ׹ʦԵǿ߰
û뵽ǰˣֻǴһӣȻֱӽ˵ĹƳɱˡ
ĿɿڴĿһȻףĵҪʵܹز
һԵĿĿͿhҲĿ͵ĿǰһУǿĿ˿̵סſˮ
ǿʵ̫ǿˣ
ղԼ˼ǰקĸƵãڿԼܻ˰  ˼Ҹղ˵ģҪǶĻǺǿԳܵİ  ղ˼Ҳֵԭ򣬿ǲмΪ֮
ǰǰ׻ǿߣ꿴׹ʵг֮ɫ
׵ȻһЦ֪ҲǺǣ
Ȼ˰֮ǰðǰеﻹǰԭ£
ҲһҪԼ³çĶʲôĻõǸˣ˼һӻͳ׵ıˡ
һԵ㳿׵ʦ˵ʲôʲô߰ղҿôƬأ
Ǻǣ㳿ЩԺΪʦĸ͵ģһʱỹǽͲˡ
׻ûа취㳿̫Ķ㳿ӦӦ
Ŀֱӹ׳ǰ֮ǰҲ֪ǰݵǰ𷣣
֪߲֣ҲûʲôΪԼо˰ɣĶҵͽܣֻܹǿ嵹ùˡ
׿ſĿ˿Ŀ⵹Եࡣ
ͨһ¹׵ĸǰ˵ǰȾҵŮhᰡ
״ˡ
hһԼĸ׹£ҲŵøϽ
ΪԼ飬Լĸ׾Ȼ¹оԼʮֵĹⲻȥ
ҼȻŵˣȻҲȣ
׳ڿhӡǷǳĲģŮĵ  лǰͿĿһĿģֻҪǰĳ֣hӦûˡ
ˣùɡ
׿ŶǱߵĿh
hҲЩţʵһʼҲûʶ龹Ȼ˵ԣ  ҳ
׿վǱЩãȻĿhüͷһšһ˿ǰһ޵Ĵַƾճ֣  ǵӰhһ֮УƮޱߣ

hҲǸоƺʲôһ㣬һļУ
ܿ죬ǵ޵ӡʧ˵ǰȴǸ֮ǰһģһС׳棡
ֻС׳ƺҪ֮ǰǸС׳Ҫ˲٣  ɷ׹Ƴ棡  ҲǾȻŮǱŪĲһˣ
ⶫôŪģҵڶЩ֡
׿ʷʰװ׵ĳӣҲһƣⶫôܹ˸סأ  ಣ  ɷ׹Ƴڿһӣֱӳ׵ķ򹥻
ƺ׵ĵ⣬Ȼʼ׹  ǰСġ
Ҳһ𾪣ƳһǸ߼Ȼܹ  һ˲䣬뵽˸ղŵǺˣ˵ݾԲͰ
ܹĹƳ棬ֻ置ڲŻУһĵӿ϶ǲӵеġ
ղǸӣÿĵǡ
ҪǽԼŮϵƳ棬ɷ׹Ƴ泯׵ķ򼲳۶ȥҲŵþ
ߣСƳӵӻͦʡ
ɷ׹Ƴ泯׵ķһĳȥʱȴǰһ׵ĵطͣסˡ
ƾСֳҪôƺûа취ǰֺ  ѣ
ֱһŭСֳӾǱըҩըһ㣡
˲ڿб˿ӿȥЩ˵ĸо
ⶫȻ˹Ŀ࿴
Ҳ΢΢һ̾ƳʵЩ棬һڣѰʵ΢֮˿ºҵصĵط
Ҫ׵ʵ;㹻ǿĻ⵹һֵ飡  ǰֶΰ
Ҳһƨ׾˹ȥ
׿ſhֻҪڻָһʱͺˣûˣ
ллǰллǰ̵
ʦ滹һء㳿Ȼ֪ôôǿ˵
Цŵ㳿ǲһƵ˰ô
ٺ٣׻˵úã˾ȵ㳿ЩƤ˵˵ˣҸhһദҾͦõġôҲΪԼѵĿ԰ɡ
㰡㣬ϲΪ룬ǺǣЦŵ⵹Ҳûʲôõģ̫˽ϲˣ˭ͽء
ǰҡǶѾҩɾˣѾǶģˡ
겢ǲԼĶӣʵԼĶҩɾ˰  þͨ׵ĻҲ״




1138ǵ£Լ
 

峤סأ
Ѿǳ׵ɥʧģԼĶӣҲ뾡˰취
ɾ֮ǰǸ˵ģ㳿ĻʵԼĶѾˡ
٣ǹƳģҪѾûκεĿˡ
置֮ڣҲûд֮ˣ
굱ʶһʦʵʵҲѾǴﵽ֮
ɾʦ˵׹ʦˣҲûκεİ취
׹ʦһϢдĻᣡ
׹ʦȥҰܹﵽ׹ʦˣǾǿеǿߡ
置֮ڣûУ  ĴܣΪԼһСС׼壬ԼĶ
ÿô࣬˼ôܻ˵ķľİأǲܵ飡  ǰ֪ҶʵѾûˣĿҲǳ
һԵĿhס磬ǰǸˣ˵ʲô취ܹζ磬һϣǶҪȡΪʲôǲܹǰأ
⡭ǰѾ㣬ôܹͷǰ֮أҲ̾һ
ǾϣĻ˭ϣԼĶأ
㳿˿׵ʦ⡭ûþʵҿžͦġ
ƳҸղҲ΢˽һ£ⶫԽǵ˺ԽѲ΢΢ͷ
һǰ置֮ˣڹƳ沢Ǻ˽⡣Ƴһ壬һĶǿƱģΪͶ˵ġ
ŶǵͶ˵ģǸ߶˵ˣʵ
ǰƳһΪɳɳͷǿɳɳ͵ĹƳ棬һӵеĶǷǿɳɳĹƳ棡
ʵһ㣬Ҫ۶Ƴ棬׵ȻҲǲⱾˡ
ǺǣǸղŵɷ׹ƳӦþǿɳɳ˰ɣô˵Ǹ˵ĹƳ滹ͦˣһ
ȷǷǳɷ׹ƳǿɳɳƳȼȽ֡ɴ˿ƶϸղǸ˵ӦòͣҺп置ڵˣ
Դ˻ĵǵġ
һƱ˲һս𣿡
ǰ֪ƳƱˣϾ൱ڿܣ˵ʵսҲǴۿ۵ġһʵȽǿˣҲǿƲסġĹƳͲһˣһɳǿ
ƺ˸ղŵɷ׹Ƴ棬Ҳһ¡
ô˵ҸղŰǼһĹƳŪˣǸ˻ˣ׿ſʵ
Ҳңǰܹ˴ˣѾǰǿɹѹءԺ飬˰
ףҪ˼ҳĻԼŮҲˡ
ˣȻµĻˣȻȣҶ置ҲЩȤҪ置ĹʦʲôĴڡ
һʱᵹҲûʲô̫飬ʹһʱ俴ʲôˡ
ǰ򲻿ɡ
һô˵ҡҡͷ
׿ſЩĪ˵ǣ㷴ǲˣ˹ˣ
ǰ뷨ҵŮǾǿĶˣ置ڿɲһܹģ֪ǰʵǿ󣬿ͻѵȺǰ
˵ĵǱȽϵĺʵ˼ֻһǾײ置ڵĶ֡
ҲǺģһ˵ĻһæҲǺ°
׹һЦ㵹ͦΪҿǵ
֡Ҿÿ峤˵еͻѼȺǣο置ڵʵҵȻûŪȻӦòǵ֮
һҲѵ˼ʵҪܲȥԼŰȱ
װڰֵϣѾǵ飬ԼˡҵҪ置ڵǸʲô
ضϵɻǲȤ  ֻ֪置ѾǼħڣ置ڲ£µħڰ  ǰ˼״˵Ķʵ飬置ڿɲһܹǵĴڣαҪðأ
hҲһǵĿףһ˸һŶøûκεʤ㡣
׿ſh֪ΪҺãû꣬Ҳİɣ׳ŵ£ûа첻ġ
ǰ껹Ҫ˵װڰֵ˵ˣȿӵĲ˵ɣҲš
ѾȥҲһ̾
Ƕ׵ĳ֮ɫȴһ֣  ֻҪοӣǲܵ飡
׵ıӰƵ˵ҽɡ




1139¾ο
 

֮У  һ֮ϣҲֻбܹӻ˥˵ʱ䡣
ϾŲϣ˾ʲôҲûˣ  ೤ʱˣ
׿һԵĿʵȻѾǵ;ƿݵıԵˡ
֮ǰ㳿ǼǴǱܡ
ҪȻǻɢһغˣ
ʲôʵҲ̫һʱˣһʼΪжˣֱǹƳϵʼʱǲע⵽˲ͬ
Ҳһ̾Ϣ˵˵ʵû뵽置Ȼô
ΪǷɵ飬置֮ùƳ棬ܵ置֮˵ġ
ôһЩ˻᲻ֶεĴﵽԼĿģҲΪˣʱĿ˶û뵽
ҪǿԼֲԾȥ˴ʦΪԼĶβĻԼĶҲǻڡ
ǴʦֻܹӻԼӵĲ飬ȴﲻαЧ
ҪƳڵĹƳĻǱҪ¹Ƴǰԣ  ˼Ȼ˹Ƴ棬ôԼĶȡƳأ  ʦǾ仰ʵϾǵԼӵ̡
ҲΪʲôղҪȣȴȰһԭ  ΪʵûϣˣһϣҲܷġ
һԵĿhбˮǿ֮ˣƽʱһֱ˿û뵽Ȼȴ˸ˡ
ǰӴСƽͣ츳Ҳ൱Ĳֻû뵽ȴѣҲһƵ˵
֮ǰһֱҪԼλôԼӵģڿûˡ
΢΢ͷȷǷǳأҲûȵİ취
ʲôǰ˵ʲô
һ׾Ȼ˵а취ȣ˶Ǽؿʵ
׳һµɣԿ
ӭ˵ڴ׵ԵòŲæʵ˵Ҳûκεİ취
Ȼ𣬿ɲǲ޸  еҩҪҲһǳѵ飡  ಣ  еĽһţ˲ĽѾǴ˿ӵ֮  ǰǡ
һԵĿhŵöסԼ۾۾׵ʱȴеĽѾûԼڣ  ҲŵЩһԵ㳿Ҳ𾪵Ŀף
Ҫǰ
Ҳ֪ԼĶѾˣʱǰȻ˵з˼ôӦ˼ҡ
ԼӴҲ죬ʲôأ
ȻĻǵλǰһˣ
ԱߣĿҲ׼ѯʣԼĸһ۸ɻȥˡ
΢΢ЦǿڵĹƳֱӱԼĽסˣ  ϵ͸Ž볯ſӵڱڶȥ  澹Ȼڶh
׳ֻƳӦøͷСˣ⶯ֵĻͦ󰡣ţҪ߿ɾûôˣ
⣡
һԭڿ֮䶯ĹƳƺϢĵӣ
৵һ£  ׵һ£ӵƺƿһӣǹƳֱӱǿи˿У  ôɷ׹Ƴ桭
ĿҲŵЩˣôĹƳǵһμ
ƳӦòڿγôģ⿴ȥô
Ҫ֪ƳһһʼЩһСܹɳΪô޴ĹƳ棬Ҫٶ
ⶫ氡顭
׳յķһȣһӰ˵ĸǰ
ףʦСǡ
㳿ͻȻֵ飬Ҳһ鳤ĵͦɰġ
ȿȣʦ塭
һ£֮ǰҲһֱڣ׵ĽкҲǳˡ
һȻ׵ͽܸСȻЩˬˣ  ʦ壿ӵʦ尡Сƨһ
㳿һӣҲ΢΢һЦ
ʦ磬ͽܰɣҲ̫ûûС˰ʦվߣȻ˵Ĳҡ
ƵĿףҲǿЦѡ
׿㳿㳿黹ʦ壬ҵʦܣ
ôСʦ壿˵Сʦ壬Եô˼ҺʦأҪȻҺģ˵ȱ
㳿дЦٺһЦʵ
ȱȥû˵㻹纰Сƨء
ǻǽСƨɡ㳿龫ֵգһ۾
ˣˣ飬ⶫû׿ʵ




1140¾ϲĿ
 

һ㳿ҲΪƣ椾ȻԼ̣  Ϊ׵ͽܣҲֻһֻ۱һֻˣ˭ǸŮأ  һҪԺΪɩӣǾͲ̫ˣ
ʦ磬ʲôȥİġ
黹ûм˵ⶫɽûаӦǱɫ
ЦŵƳ棬˵ûУ
Ƴ棿û˵
Ҳʼ磬Ҳ֪ⶫǸʲô
㿴óüĿô׿ʵϸĿ˿еĹƳⶫȻйһӦܵĳֿƣ
ǺǣµĻûڶⶫĳȤûа취׿ʵ
˵ʦ磬ӦþͿ԰ɣ鿴ʵ
Цŵⲻʧⷽǿ
ľҪǿ٣ױϾǴУǿʵʵԼĶ  ͷⶫ԰ɣһûԹ
ԭɷ׹ƳѾǱһ㣡  һŵĳĸǰ  һɫķ׵вϵƮ𣬳ɷ׹Ƴķ򲻶ϵİȥ  ɫķķ·Ҫɷ׹Ƴһ㣡
˿룬ɷ׹ƳƺҲһּ尾һ㣡  置  ԭѾĺˣȡh֮еɷ׹ƳʱһѪɫҲǲ԰˺ܶ࣡  һҪͳͳҵϣ
˲Ұ׵ɫȥΪˣûеȵŭ֮г˲ŵģ
ȻȻҪҵɷ׹Ƴ棬⡭ôأ
˵г˾֮⣡  ҪƳĿƣܹıƳ־Ƴ־һܹı˵
ֻںôһΪǹƳĸԼʧȥϵ  ԲܣԲܣ׹ʦҲԲõôܣѲ˲ɣ
Ǻһտɽ֮Уһ˵ţ˵Ҳ͸Ĳ֮ɫ  ۣ
һѪˮǺ˵ϣһһȻ
ʧȥˣ  ʧȥˣԼ˶ʮɷ׹Ƴһȫ군ˣ
ģĺܲģ  ԶķбŷĻǸҵţħǾԲк³ģ
壡  ˿һֻС׳ǱˣС׳֮ˡ
ֻϧⶫûжȤ
ʦ磬ⶫƳЩ鷳˵£Цŵ
΢΢ͷղҿһ£ȷˣЩ߹ˣ
Ѱ˵ǲⶫƳ˸ֱӲˡЦŵźҲûжô
ȷҲǣҿǿ置֮ӦöȤ˺ܶɣ峤ҪҪⶫ
׿ſЦʵ
ʿˮǰ⡭ǼֵǵĶɷ׹ƳǿɳɳĹƳ棬ҿӳɳٶѾǳˣ֮ǿǶҪĶ
ԭǸֻһֵ
ϲⶫǾ͸ǺˣǶûκεȤ׿䶯ĳӣҲǸоһĲ
ⶫȻ˻ϲҲˣ
꾪ϲ˵ǡǶлǰ˰
΢΢һЦɷ׹Ƴ˦һԵĿ꣬ͳһҩ˿ӵĿУ  鿴׵ʦ磬һ˵Ĳᰡ
ǰãҪǾ鷳ˣЦŵ
˿ǿӵһϵİԭѾ
׵صڿӵϲϵת
·׵ָһ㣬ϵ޸Ŀӣ  氡
㳿׵ӣ·书һ㣡  ಣ
ŵҩ˿ӵУ
ԭɫЩڰĿӣ˿ɫҲǽĿʼתףһ˿˿ĺ֮ɫ
磬ҡҸղſ綯һ¡h˵
ʲôܶˣôûпĿҲǼʵ
׿ż˵ӣҲЦŵˣǲڲ²ˣѾûʲôˣ
ʲô⡭ôܣ
һԵĿոյõɷ׹Ƴ滹ûü˷ܣû뵽Ȼ˸顣
ԭΪûϣ̿ȥĿ꣬׵⻰֮϶͸һɲŵɫ  ʵǲ˼ˣҪ֪֮ǰĴʦ˵Ҫ׹ʦϣԼĶӰѲǰȻӵк׹ʦ൱ʵ
ڿ˵׵ĵֱǾϲĸо




1141¼
 

ϲ
˶û뵽ʱҵĹ׾Ȼ˶ԼӵľΣ  ҾȻȻˣſӵɫҲǿóһѾǳźõķչˣ  һ󼤶׵ҲѾǳΪ˿ϱ  ڶһ磡
㳿Ͳ׸飬ûа취Ҳģ͸㳿ʼһ磡
㳿Ҳ
ΪʲôôˣҲ֪ԼǶôˡ
ôҲû뵽ԼȻܹϴ˵еһ
ʦǡԺǲҲ˵ΪŮأ
㳿ǷǳĹģΪղ˵ˣһпܱԼղȥ
һŮ˵ֱΪ֮ܶһĿ갡
һԵٺһЦȻԣֻҪ㺰һʦ壬ұ֤ΪŮ
ʦ塭㳿̵
ûظͷȥҲ̫ʵһɣ֮ǰô㺰㶼ھȻѿڶ
㳿ٺһЦʦ壬Ӻɷ˵ǿһԾŶİ
˵Сƨˣһ㳿
ʦ壬ٷ˰һ滨ѹģЩСƨôܹʦأ
㳿ƨĵǷǳҲһĿġ
ٺһЦʦֶǺһ۾Ϳҵľ绪
õõãܲܲô˵һļƤ񣡡Ҳû˵
ʦ磬ʦֶ˵ĿɶʵôأƵ˵
Цŵ˵㶼ôˣôƨ
ٺ٣νǧƨ˵ˣĸʦֶ˵һģһӡ
һεĿʼƨֱܲˣ  һԵҲЦ׺龹Ȼ˵һ棬ҲЩ̲סˡ
ʱ䣡
ƺһĶûУ׸оЩȻζǺСӻ̵ס
ԼƿƳ棬һﾹȻŹ
ûеȵȴȵһˣ  Ǹʲô
⣬׵Ѿ˿Ŀŭ֮
˵ĿСӲҪƲԳԷưһοɾǴſhȥ峤ŷ˵ģ
׵˿ſ˿һ˵ʮ׳ţȥƺһԲϾҪ֣
룡Ҹ߼Ǽҿhǿ飬Ҫʲô͸ʲôġ
Ŀ˿ҲŭĿԲĿŶ漪ˣ˿ã
ǿҪٵˣ֮ǰĿ׿ڴӦ飡֪Ϸˣǿļĺ𣿡
Ϊ׵˿ſĿЦ
ǺˣĿǰ֮Цһ
Ҽﶼʶ㻹Ϲˡ￴ſĿһ
㡭ǸŹʦĿҲһû뵽˾Ȼ˵ͷ  㻹еʶҸĿҼѾΪ置ڵĵӣ͵Ҵһ飬Ҿ׼ȥˡϷˣҼ壬ССĿܹܵġ
￴ſĿг˲м  УΪԼĻ£ĿʲôʸվطԼ˵أ  ĿżЦһֻ˵˼һŮӸû˵Ҫã
ȻѾ˵hǿ飬ȻǿΪŮӣʱǴӦǼ壬ҪŮ׸ҴģѲ
￴ſĿĿдһ˿䣡
㡭
Ŀ˿ҲЩƿԣû뵽龹Ȼᷢչһ  置ڵˣ
ڿĿһĪչʱȴһ
һ˵Ҵ˵Ĵ粢置֮ˣߣҲˣ
㻰ֻҪشˡ׵̲˵
ǹְȻҸҼô˵Цһһӣһ΢СĺӰѾǳ׵ķ
أ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ǺɫƳ澹Ȼѣ˿ٿǼƺܵػһ㣬ˣ  һ飬ǲ置ڵˣʵ
ҡǡһӰˡ
΢΢һЦôشã㣬֪֪置һɷ׹Ƴģ
ɷ׹Ƴ棿㡭ôֹ֪Ƴġ
˿̵ļɫһ˶ǳԾɫ




1142º˵
 

֪˵Ĵˣ
ʵҲʣôҲû뵽ո̤置ڵˣȻ֪˵Ĵڡ
յ˵ʵǿᣬȥҲǰԵޱȣ
ӦһֲŶԣڿƺǳĳ
Ҳһ˶֪˵Ĵڵġ
֪֪ˣս  ΪԼʵȺϴĲȷء
ҲΪˣŻС
κ飬һʧ˻ûһεĻˣȻÿһζţʵŶǽаյĻϵġ
置ڣĪ⣡  鶼֪˵Ĵڣײò೤һˡ
￴Щ־ʵ㡭ǵʲôˣ
ʲô˾ͲˣһҪǾǲ˵˵ԲܻŴ߳ȥ
׿żҲһɱ˿ħ֮ǰЩڰǸһˡ
ԽԽԾ
￴ʵкηɷ׹ƳħңĹƳ棡
ħڣ
ЩĿżʵѾڶħˡ
һ˵ݳл˵龳ڵǿУһλħڵ̫ϳϣųơа񡱵а
аǲǽ֣ǾͲö֪ˣ  ٣置ħڣѲɸ²֪ô置ڣǵʱûк³
һεĿԭ˾Ȼ˵Ĺªţħڶ֪
Сӣɫ㻹Ⱦǰɣ
ȥżһƣֱӽһȷɳȥʮԶľ룬ȥǿֲ  㡭ǿ֪Ҽ置ڵ塭
Щһ˻ǲΡΡվ˵
׿żħڵǸʲôţ
ǰħڶ֪һԵĿĿЩԾĿʵ
ȻطħΪף϶֪ħڵĴڵġ
ȻˣҲЩ֪Ѱ֮Ȼǲ֪ġ
΢΢ҡͷ֮ǰ˵а֣ҾͲ֪ˡ
аҵû˵ħȴͳ置öˣĿ
ǺǣħߵͦԵÿİ΢΢һЦ
Ҳ֪ħ֮˵ȷǺ置置Ҳǵ֮һղż˵λħҲ˵ģֻû뵽õħȻССĿ֣ǡû뵽
Ŀһ㵵ĿףȻ˵ԼҲЩˣ
Ϊħʲôݣ岻置һΪ΢ļ壡  㡭
׳Ѿļﹴ˹Լָͷ
ǼһҲΣʿˮ㡭ʲô
㣬ħڵΪλطΪλɷ׹Ƴк置ˣʵ
⡭ħ¹죬ҵҲֻ֪ɷ׹Ƴ置͸һҡҲ֪ݵġ
ҲһƣҪ˵ĹƳ治һ֪˭ġ
ɷ׹Ƴ置ڼΪһֹƳ棬ֵǳĸ߰
置ҲΪֺܹλŵԲŻͳ˵Ĵ
û뵽Ȼڿɷ׹ƳϢ
ʦ磬Сӻʲô֪ղſһ𾪵ģһΪһ֪ʲôء
ҲʼȻҲû뵽һﾹȻһ֪
׿֪ǱڵĶ˭˲ħڵͷɲС
ǺǣҵҪħڵаǸʲôͷţģ֪ĻΪɵ·ء
΢΢һЦȻ˵ҲЩˡ
׿˿ߣãϽԺҪ⼪ƻĻǿɱֱĺˣ
ǣǡ
ƺˣǵתȥһ̣ȴŷһԹ֮ɫ
ţȻһСƺˣǵԼô˵棡
ҪǴȥĻԼԺڼ廹ʲôأ
żȥķ򣬿ĿҲǳĺһǰһζ
׿ſĿ΢΢ҡͷ߿Ǵȥˣһε֮ǻǸһ׻Ƶɣʱһǰٵطģ
⡭лǰ
ĿʵҲ֪Ǹûκεĳ·ˣ  ղǺ˾ȻħʱǿһοҪ군ˡ
֮󣬾ڿΪƽһӵʱȴѾǱΧˮйͨ




1143ԭΪ
 

壡  ˿̱Χˮйͨ׵Ҳһľ棡
˵׻׽˾ȻĿŵô  ԶǱϴһԵļɫ
Щˣ
һ˿һԵļֺһӣ˸оһһ㣡  Ǽ
￴׵˳Ȼ֮ǰԹһοˣһԲڳǰ档
һҲǱȽϵľģһ붯置ڵˣ˵˺ħڵң
ɷ׹Ƴ棡  ֤ݰҪȻ֪ɷ׹ƳϢأ  ⶫ置ڵ͸ңģڿǰ˵Ȼǲϳġ
岻һ׽΢С壬ô֪Ϣأ
ߣȫߣ˵
Ǽ˳Ȼطʺ϶֣  µ׿˵ȸ߰ɡ
ǰǿ置ڵˣҿܰɡһ˵ƣ˶һ  ɷ׹Ƴ棿
ǺһϾȻɷ׹ƳϢҲЦһ
һ£
һ˳ȥͽ׸Χ  ׿Ŷĺ˵Ǹ߾ˣøôʦڣ
Щһ㶣һﻹʶడ
Ϊ׵Ǹ˺ٺһЦߣ
ʵϣطҲʺ϶֣Ͼ׽磬˼޹ɾͲ̫ˡ
˵ˣҲʩչȭŲǣ
׵Ҫ置ڵʲôͷħڵʲô
ȻߣЩ鲻ԼҲЩͲǣ  һ׵˱ߣҲǿ׵ЦһߣǺÿġ
һԵЩɵһĿżϣγ棡
￴飬һ֮ǰԼһЦİɣȻǾ֪置ڵˣǼ嶷ǻûʸ񡭡
ҲҴңȥҲҴң  һ糱ˮһȥʣµֻЩĿɿڴĿˣ  Ƕ֪׷ʲô飬峤峤Ǽͱһİ˸ˣ
ЩһţȺף
ҲֻܹĵȴϢˣϾ峤Ƕ˵飬ܹʲô취أ
置ڣ
置ɽعϡïܣӲݴ  置ڵȴһΪεɽ֮䣬置ڵΧƺźܶ˰ţ
ɨһ£ͷмʮڰǣ
˵Ĵ֮£׵˸ǲѴ֮ͽ置ڣ
ʦ⡭ʲôطղǱ߾ɽû·˰
㳿Ȼ˵飬ɵĿεʱ򣬻һ֮ɫ
׿㳿΢΢һЦӦþ置ˣ
סڣССҲƷͷ㣿
һ˿׺һԵǸŮ˾Ȼ̸ЦҲŭһ
׿Ǻ˵ǣֵָֻţ
仰˲ȼΧ˵
置ڵţ
ԭѺ׵ǰˣһȻҶԼ˲ҲǱŭѣ  㻹˹ȵһЦȭͷѾǳ׵ķ  һΧ۵ҲЦЦҲҪ˵ôѵ֪ߵغСӵģ
׿˽ķûôĿˣ֮ǰΪ׽磬붯֣
˵ˣ置Ҳû˴·ԼҲʡȥˣ
ֻ׵˵ⷬٶ˿Ǻµһֱ֣
׵кâһΪҵȭͷѾǳǺ͵˹ȥ  䣡
˫ȭ  ֻһ̺ܶ˶ˣΪǺ˱һǿֱӺɣ
ʮɵľ룬ڿǺ˵ʱѾǿѪڵϼһ
δɱģһȫϣ  ѣһˣ  ԭΪӣһӱ˵ǿҲĿɿڴ
һ置ڵǰ˶Ѿǵɴ۾ǰһУСǻ  Ҫ֪置ڰһǲǷ˰置ڵţǾȻҳִŵӣ
ǼֱǸ置ֱӿսʲôأ
㡭ҶɱʦܣΪ׵ǸҲǶͷһ˿˿ϸ  ôҲû뵽һﾹȻôͣҪ֪ԼʦܸԼʵǿǲడ
һһȭһȭͽԼʦܴ˸ʵǰ벽ˡ
׿˿˵ȥң
Сӣҿǿ֪ûˣ置ڣŵӣ˼㣿ҵҪмＸ
ʱ֮У߳һȥʮӣ׵˷һЦ




1144һ
 

置ڵţ  ѾŵЩСֱµĸоһԵĿĿͿhҲǺòȥ  置֪ģǸ߸ϵһڰ
置Ϊ΢һ壬置置߸ϵĴڣ
֮䱾ʵûκεĽ  ֻû뵽ǾȻվ置ڵĵߺģҿȥǳţ棡  ǲ֪Ϊʲôôţ  Ҫ֪߾⼸˰ҿȥǰһȥС֮⣬ǰ׸  ݣʲôȥ置ڶԿ
˵ţ棬һԵĿҲĭǰ⡭置ڰ
ǰǰ置置һţʵǿᣬĿҲŵЩµ˵
׵ǲδǣ˿Լ߹ߣҲһЦԣɡ
Բѣ置׻ˮˮȻǿɾ͹ֲñˣ
置ڵųʯӢ죡  ղſ˴żİ׼ŵķߣ׼Ҫȥѯʡ
ɻûеȵߵߣǼѺ˾ȻͶˣһ־ȻֱӽڵĵӸ˸߻أڵ
ʯӢ챩ŭѣ׻Ƶ߾Ȼֻܵ置ң۸置˻ôΣ  ΪŵĳϣʯӢȻ岻ݴǵվ˳  ʯϣ⡭һΪ׵ĺ˿ʯӢҲǹ
ʯӢ쿴˿Ǻ˵ߣ置ڻҶֵˣҵҪʲô·
˵ˣ置ڵ
׿ʯӢЩмһιЩҵ˼
Ҫ置Ǳħڵôһ£
ȥɣ
ʯӢһ裬ѾǶһ  ݣ
ʯӢѾʧȺ֮УһӰ׵ķ򼲳۶ȥ  ײŲæΪ
ôʯӢķɽԼķ
ۿǷɽҪ׵һ˲䣬ָֻϣѾǽʯӢķɽεļס
ѵ  ʯӢһ㶣ҪصʱȴеǱɽѾǱСӸ۶ˣ
ˣ  ԭΪʯӢҪǳˣһӶסˣ  Ǽǰ֮˾Ȼ֮ͣҲŵú
һε置ڵģҲҪ置֮أ  û뵽ԭΪԹԻ־ܵˣȻ置ڶˡ
㡭
ʯӢҲŵЩ֪˵ʲôˣΪ֮˵Ķ̫̫ɣ
䣡
ʯӢ컹δӦ֮ʣһǿĳѾϯ
޿ɱܣ
ʯӢɴ۾׵ȭͷԼǰķϮҪסѾˣ
ǿɱﵹƳ滹δü֣ѾǱǰ׸ɳȥ  Ľ׹ʦųϣ  һ̾ȻСӸֱӺɣ֮ûУʣµһ˶֪Ҫ˵ʲôˡ
֡ǰǿ
h˿ҲСǶðˣԭΪ׵ĳ嶯ԼԵĺû뵽Ȼһ
ǰӿȥʵȴ׵ĸǰһغ϶ûͱɣ  һԵĿҲʿˮ򣺡⡭ôźð置ڵĳϣǲǸ置ڳ׷𣿡
鿴˿겻м˵ͷǻǲɣ
Ҳ΢΢һЦħңΪ壬ùƳк置ˣ置ӦǴɰɣ˵ˣնɱܹһ
׽ǵҵģңҵһڶѣ
Ȼˣ֪ԼңǹƳ汻ԼˣңΪħڵܹưոݣ
һΪ壬ԼԼȳһһ  ҪĿĿɲʲôħڵΪлǲ  ʵΪȤֻһǾħڵλųơа񡱵а
һͳ磡
ħڿҲһǱڵвһ׹ȻħڵϢô뿪أ  㡭
ǺҲֻܹ˵˵ݻˣԼĵϾȻųӣҲǾùߵˡ
׿Ǽ˵˵һ飬置ڵҪӲˣ
룡Ǻ˴˿ɫЩҰףǿӲ˵




1145ŵ縱
 

˿̣置ڵţһƬ֮  ЩܶŵԶԶĿ˴ΣҲһľ֮ɫ
ʲô˰Ȼ置ڵŶ֣
ֹô򵥣ǵʯѾǱ˼Ҹȥ˰
̫ǿˣ⡭ⲻ˹Ұɣ
Ŀǰ֪ǡҪӲڰǵ찡
ԶȺ۷׷ףǻûеȵһľ֮ȴִ˿ǵѾܵһҵĹ  䣡
׵һƣֱӺ置ڵ֮置ڵҡβѣ
ǿ˹
ҲǾ㵵Ŀףʵ̫ˣҪ֪置ڰ  ǰǳıӵˣѲԼʱ̫˲ɣ
ǰĪǷ˰
ǰ置ڰ״ˣǰǸʲô
ȿŰɣϷⱲܹ𺳵ĳҲ޺ˡ
ǰǿ置ڵӲ
һľ̾Ǵ˿ѾʲôֻǿȳѾѪ  ʦ磬㣡
鿴ҲЩ͵̲ס˲䣬ΧһɱŰϢֱ
˿ӣҲǲ֪һﵽҪʲô  ܿ죬ǾͷһͬĶ
ֻƺҪһЩ  䣡
Ȩ置ڵƺЩɶˣǿţ  ˼ֱǲбһԵļ˶Ȧˣ  ˵ʲô˰ôͲ·ư
ԭΪ置ڣǰЩ˿϶ŵСȶˡ
˼Ҳ£ԼǶˣ  üһĺ£ǰЩѲ׻Ƶĳ֣  ˵Ӳ置ڡ
һ׵Ҳһ
ԭΪҪһʲôʹ󺺣ǰŮȥЩ欣  ݼ縱
ŵӿˣͬʱ£
置ڵĵȼƶȸɭޱȣ置ڼǶһĴڣ
ΪǺټ⸱ǼҲǵȼߵˡ
˷
置ڸ׹ʦʵǿޱȣ  ղŵʯӢΪųϣĽ׹ʦĴڣ׹ʦĽ׹ʦǿɲͬն
Ȼˣ׹ʦҲǷ˺üȼģ˷׹ʦӦҲٮٮˡ
һӢһЩѵ  Щü̾һ͸ɣ
ߣСӣΪղŵΪ۵ģ
˷￴ףƺҪһﵽʲô·֪˲置ڵ֮⣬һ֪  ۣǺǣҽ置ھҪָ˵ģڸ۲ǾҪûˣ
Цһ⻰˵Ķھһ㣡  Ǻˣ˷ʵ
Ǻˣ׷ʵ
㡭ɣ置˷˷Цһ
̫幬ף΢΢һЦ
̫幬
˷ƺЩ置Ϣ׻һʱҲǺ  ˵ʵħڵ˶鵹һЩ置ں鲢Ȥ  縱ڴ˴ǰΪħң置ڸɷ׹ƳкҵѣǲӦøһأЦһ
ߣƾ㣿Ҫ置ڸһʲôأ˷Цһħλ磬㾹ȻҲһҿǳıӵˣ
ô˵û̸ˣ׿˷΢΢һЦ
ȰԼһ㣬û¸ԼԹԵĸҽڣȴ˵Ĳþʬ
˷ԼʵΪţҲ֪˸£Բǵ֮
ο˾Ȼ˵Լʲôŵʵеġ
Լĵ֮ϣҪôߣħ˲ʲôأ
ħڣû˵ССǵĴ  û̸˰Ȼ˵Ļֵֻ¼˰΢΢һЦ
˷һɣǰһֱǿޱߣ  ԱߵϺ㳿ȥһ˷ܵģ˸ոյĺ֮㳿ھطͦġ
һԼҲܹ㣬һ˷ܣ  ˷ס֡
˷׼׶֮ʣ置ڵ洫һϵ
һ߻Ĵ置ڵ˳˷ҲЩˡ




1146·
 

ˣ
˷һˣҲǹӭӣ  ôҲû뵽ľڵˣ  Ҫ֪һֱչû»Ѿôڵˡ
ֱܹƹضȻǲ̫ܵ飡
֮ǰħ٣ҲǱչزһǾӰ첻˵ģ
û뵽ǰ⼸ˣȻҲΪ֡
˷¡
ǰλпԸоóΪϣ  Ͼһǿߣ置ڵ
ƵҲݣ
ߣ  置׹ʦ۰һǿߣ
ߵĳ֣置ڵһǿ߷׷ߵķݶ  ӭ˷ݣ
ۻޱȣȥʮ㣬ȻĿеĵλǳĸߣ
ߵͷɣ
置ڵĵӶ˵ߵ󣬴˿߿˿ף֪ݹ٣ĳʧԶӭˡ
ˣ
ʲôݣǿ置ڵһǰҲûʲôȻ㣬ӭ  һԵ˷ЩƵ˵ˣôڣڹ桭
˷סڣ
߳˷΢΢ҡͷ˲֪̫幬飬ϢԴġ
ȻһֱڱչأÿһʱħǱߵϢͻᴫ
Ͼ置ħڵֵ»죬ⲻ˽ħڵĶ̬ôܹأ  ѾǽԵ׵ħڣ̫幬ϢҲǴħڵķ洫ġ
ôҲû뵽ôһ½ţȻ˵
ɽһۣ  ̫幬νǴɱķ׺ͻڳǿޱȣ  ǻڳ½̫幬Ļڳ׹ң˾Ȼնɱ̫ڵ龳ڵǿ߼  ׺ţ߾ɵҲ֪Լǲ𰡣
ڱħǵǲǲԼ£Լǲġ
˼ԼɽŵҲͷƤ飡  ߿΢΢һЦλһ𣡡
Ȼ赲˱ˣǲ˼ҽȥˣҪı˼ǿƿڽţǵʱ߲ƴֿҲҪƴˡ
ҿļʱɽŻģ  ׿˿ߣȻʵڵĴ֮д߰λ縱Щڸҡ
ҾôΣ˷ŭһ
һﻹǰԼ̲ˣΪլʺˣ  û뵽űĽԼˣˣ
׹һֵ˵Ļûߡ
ֺĽڣ˷˻¶ǲѡ
ĶҪһÿ
ֻʵǲףΪʲô˾Ȼһмѣ  ͬƵĻĿһˣ
꿴置ڵĸʱҲŵˡ
Ͼǰʵ̫󵨣˼ҵɽţ׼ǿн룡  û뵽ǧһ֮ʣ˼ֳˣ
ԭΪһսʱ·תĳֳˡ
置ڵλˣȻǳԼˣȻǰȥˡ
ʵ˿
ڶڿ˵һͷˮ置ڣһ˼ȥģȻһĿģ  ʲôʱй˵ҫ
Ҫ֪置ڰټҪ置ڶš
ԼȻôǰö֮ĽˣʵЩ˼鰡  ״ˣ⡭ǰʲôͷȻ置ŵ
h˿Ҳһľû뵽Ǳġ
һԵĿĿҿǰͷԲС㿴ͷβҾ˼ҿ϶׻ǿߡ
ڻ֪ܹǰ置ڵڣԺǿ置ĵλҲǲͬնﰡ
ǿɲ״ûпղżСӵɫҹҲأһɶҲûп
Ŀһ뵽֮ǰ⼪ţӣ뵽ղǵµӣҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
hݻľҲ̾һ״ˣܹ置ŵڣⱲҲֵ˰
ǰǶһ찡ȥҲоֵˣĿҲ΢΢һ̾
˿̣ĸ˸׵Ѿ置ڵ´
ۻǵ´ҲŵЩ֨ˡ
߿΢΢һЦλͣ




1147
 

置ڵ´֮ϣ  ߲δڸ߸ϵ֮ϣ׵Ķ棡
˵Ƕ׵һ־Եأһ˹ҪעЩϸڲɣ  Ψʵ  ʵǿᵽһز˲Żȥĸܣƾʲôȥ׵ĸܣ  ֪ݽٱڣкָ̣߿Ҳ΢΢һЦ
һأҪΪѵҲǵһЦ
ѣ֪Ϊ°߳ʵ
ָָhλпh置׿峤ŮԱߵľǿ峤꣡
峤ˡ
Ҳһƣһ׽СС峤˵ʵǰûʸվ߸Լ˵
ûа취˭˼أһ˵õȮĵ˭  ݼ
һļҪ֪λǴ˵е置ڵ  ǿʵʵڵĴ߸ϣ֮ǰлվһ˵أ
hͽĺѣȴ¹Ƴ棬һ׿
¹Ƴʲôϵǹˣ˷￴ףҲǲм˵
Ȼ˻мѣȴ˿  ǿǵ׻֮ˣ
置ħڣ׻籾ͲԸ治֪˵ôģ
˷͸ȥ
һֱǺͰ׵ò͵طŭһ˻ǳԲ
ɫ˷ҲʿˮȻ˵  ׽һŮ˹Ƴ棬Ҫ置ȥεĻδЩ̫ǣǿ˰ɣ
߲Ҫף׷ҪǸԼȥĻҲûκεİ취  ҪҪƤҪԼ鷳˵Ҳ˺ˡ
Ҳǿʶ֮ˣ置ûйϵĻĳҲʦڵġ˵ˣһοǵץҹģɲǱҪġ
׿ЦһռģȻ粢һĵط
ʲôȻ˸ץ˭
ߺûһѪϹ۰ץ˭÷Ҫץô˹
ǿǾ̫幬
˵ʵʵħڵʵҲǸ̫ڲࡣ
ȻħڵļֵȷĪ⣬ôأ
̫幬ȺǰѾ֤Լȡ̫ڣΪʮλţ  Ȼ˵ڻŸһͷںܶ˶ףνĵһʵѾǱ˼Ҿ̫幬Ҹˡ
峤Ӧ֪˰ɡ׿ſ
һ㶣ǡǼļ˰Ǵߵġ
ʲôģ߳ʵ
ˣȥ顭һԵһλವһ¾ͳȥˣ  ܿλϾʹż´֮ϣʱļ￴ӴݣҲŵЩȶˣ

߿Щ΢΢ļҲüͷʵ
ǺǣɲһԭҿɲҪ置ڣǴȥħţһƫƫҪҹȻв֮
׿¶һ˿Ц⣬˵ңȹĻҲ置ʲôˡ
⼪ƫƫͨħңϢ置ڵȥץ׵ˡ
ֻû뵽Լץһѣǵòʧ
ڡˣӼݼˡ
Щ΢΢˿ɫҰףһʧǵӡ
ߣΪʲôҪץ
˵Ҫץ
Щ͵˵˿ʵ̫ˣߵѯʣһĲ
¸йأߺȻԼһ޷԰ε֮ˡ
ĸħڵңйصĻǼмͷֺˡ
һħҵǰľ̫幬͸ҵ
ڵ߷Լһͷϣ鲻Ҫħǣʲôϵ
ôճ֪ˣ
׿߳ǲλ֪ǿhֵĹƳһΪɷ׹ƳĶ
ɷ׹Ƴ棿üͷһ壬˫۽գ
ʲôʲôɷ׹Ƴ置ΪϡеһֹƳ棬ΪӭħңһֹƳ棡  û뵽Ȼȥˣһǲк置֮ˣǾ̫幬ѣ֪һﵽôģ
֪ǲӦøһأ
Ȼ֮䣬վҲǱһȵĻ档




1148²˷
 

סˣ
ͱ˵̬ƣоһΣ
ɷ׹Ƴȷֻ置еĶ置еһֹƳ棡  ĿǰΪֹʵҲûùȹƳ棡
Ϊʵ̫ϡȱʱ͸ħңҲ֮٣  ǴԼģϢ©ˣ˼ѯˡ
㲻Ҳ
֪˵鷳Ļʱ߾ǻҲԲġ
ɷ׹Ƴȷ֮Ҳϣ߳Ҳȷħңģ˵ɷ׹ƳԸһˣҵǾԲ̫ܡ
˼֮Ҳǳ
׿Цһ˼Ҫñó֤ˣ
֤ݣ߿׵ɷһأ
峤
׿ſ΢΢һЦ
Ҳ׵˼ܿĸǰͳһֻʰ׵ĳӣ  ⡭Ȼôˣ
߲óɷ׹Ƴ棬ΪҲ˼þ̫幬ЩҲġ
ʵҪɷ׹Ƴ浽׳ɳһʲôˣ
Ҫ֪һ֮ǰ͸ңİû뵽ɷ׹ƳѾǳɳΪһ
ҲһľȰһ˵ȡģ֮ǰǸѾǱˣǸС˺ܶ࣬ӦǸոȥĹƳ桭
׿ߣʵҲ֪¸ĹϵǺܴ
ĿɲСС置ڣǱħڣ  ⡭置˵һĹϵɷ׹ƳϾҵͳȥĶԡ
ҲƣⶫԼͳȥĶͳȥĶͬóȥˮ˸˻ܲŪԼͷϰɣ  ǣô˵˼ҪˣЦһ
֪֪Ҫ
εúܣ򲻹˼Ұʱֻи˼̸ˡ
µļ￴׾ȻԼҵ˵Ҳŵһҿˡ
̫ţˣ
ʵ̫ţˣ置ҲҲһҸ˵˰
˻ǺܽģңҿԲ置ڼƽϣɱֱˡ
״˿Ҳǰʮ㣬ʱվ߸˵  ˣŰ裬ȻҶҿҡ
˷ǸֱӣʵЩزס£  棬ʵЩܲˣ˴ˣ˵ôİ  һԵļҲߵĿ׵˵Сݵ񣡡
һȺ鼤ܣҲ̵£
ˣ置Գδ衭˷ʱҲ˲ˣеŭ޴й
ʱӭĿ⣬ҲǺ޾ɫ
ǣ˵ˣŮƺЩ̫ˣҿӦǵڻûм˵Եʰɣ
׿˷ҲЩ̵Ц置ҲĿ꣬Ҳ⶯֡
Ů˵ӣǾôƢǱȽϵĹֱ
ͷƺЩ̫ˣѲ˵ĵȥʲôԭ  ֪Ӧ֪ԼĵϸԲܶԼ̬ȵģ  ߿˷͸˵²Ҫŭŭֻɥʧǣ׻ߣ置׻羮ˮˮһҲ³򡭡
ˣǵȷǺ׻羮ˮˮںˮѾǣǻбҪߵһֻֻҪ˵ͷ˷ﶨȻնɱڴ֮ϣԻ置ڵϣ
˷￴߳Ѿǰţһ˿ӣ
Ȼ縱Ҫ뱾д裬Ǳ͸ᣡ
׿˷΢΢һЦҲ֪Լһ£˻ǲ֪ߵغ񣡣
һҲһ⡭
ֻд裡΢΢һЦ
ǡǾָЩ֮ˡ
һ̾˷̫嶯ˣҪ֪ սĻҲˡ
縱ɱСӣ
ǣ׻ƵҲ置ڵ
ǲ֪ߵغΪ置ھô۸𣿾ȻҸ˵
Ҫ置ڸһʲôͿˬˡҪ縱վͶˡ
һȺ鼤ܣֻһԵɫʵҲҪǲǴ֮еô




1149ǿе
 

֮ϣ  ׿ߵӣȻҲ֪һ뷨
΢΢һЦ̸ָϣд赹ǿԣ
ñжͣ
˷￴קĸӣһ
Ȼ֪һܻҲΪ置½Ÿ֡
˷ǳΪ置ʷΪһλˡ
ǰģ  ˷ȻҲ⣬ɲκˣǰ˻һļһ
ȻʲôʲӵܹĸᲢ
׻СҲкܶ࣬Ѳһܹô۸һ
׿˷ӣ縱дСд֮ϣ置ڿԸһھ͵Ǹһ˼ʱɡ
һ׽ĵҪԼһˡ
̫幬һŭܹܵ  ޿ܣ
置ᣬ˼Ҳǲֵһ顣
Ҫħڵǲܵ鰡ħҲǵλţ  ʲôʸȥң
΢΢һ̾ͱˣҲǴһȥħһˣ  ȥңƭǾ޿ܵ飡
ҶǸ󳬼ƴһˣҲֻܹһͣ  ʼɣ
׿˷΢΢һЦҪ˷ﵽôţ  ݣ  ˵ʼ˷ǱѾǷһҵĹ  ǣ
׿˷оȻһҲΪľȣ  ȥɣ
˷ﻯһ⣬׵ķϮ
˿̴֮ϣ˲䱻˷һգǰĽѾǳΧŰ  㳿˿ΣҲŵˣ
ǵĸǰʵûκε飡

һ뵽˵ĶУ˿ڿǳɢȥĽӰ˴סˣ
һε˫ָס˷ķɽ  
Ǽסˣ  Ҫ֪˷׹ʦʵҲ൱ţ氡Ѱ˿¶һ֮У  ڱŭ֮µһǰλˣɵĻˣ  ԿԭЩQQȥˣǰľһҲſˮ˵ˣʵЩﰡ  䣡
˷Ŀɿڴ֮ʣоЩܿƵĲˣ
һɸΪҵϢѾɢоԼѾǱˣ
׵ȭǰ˶λһ㣬˷沿ɱоԼһ̾ͻữһ̲Ѫˮһ㣡
˷ôɵɵĿȭͷԼֱ  һʱҪֿ¶Ѿˡ
ĺҲǷ˹Ҫ֪˷һĽӰ˰Ҳ置ǧ
ľߣⳡ޷ճ˰  ߵ֮ʣȭͷ˷ıǼ⴦ͣˣһ̻ɽһѾǴ㣡  Ǻǣ㲻
׵ǸһۣʵĲҲڸŮ˽ս
һѵԣҲ֪֪ʲôĵ
㡭
˷һЩˣôҲû뵽Լˣǰܵôң
Ŷһշӣ֪Լ˼ҵĲʵ̫̫ˡ
ֲøղ˶˼˵ĿڿҲΪʵɲⰡ
л顭Ҳһ˷Ҫˣǲˣ
׿˿΢΢һЦ֪ɷأ
⡭һҲ̫ǿһɣǿЩ˰縱ǿ׹ʦȻ
ǰ׹ʦһоͰˣѲ׻龳ǿߣ
㿴˵̬ȣ֪˭
Ҳǣ۸ſˣ˾Ȼܹ˵ƽͣټ˾ȻҪħڵ鷳Ӧ뵽˲򵥰
£һƱѾǵתˣղλҪ֮ˣ˿ѾǱһԤԼһ㣡  ׵ĴɱķҲ㳿Ϳһ˷ܣ
֮ǰǻǰһ縱Ķ֣Ͼ縱ܹ置λãǿ϶츳  ֻǸû뵽ǣ˷ﾹȻǰһжȥ
˿̣ţ  ˷ЩʧǵĿߣ޲Ҹطȥ
߿˿˷һ̾תͷ׵ֻܹӦȥħڣħڵĲһСС置ܹġ




1150ң
 

置ڣ
ҲǻǼһﲻʶôĸץģ
Ҳһƣ  ѣ  һ߱κ˶֪ҲΪˣڲòӦ׵Ҫ
͸ղ׸˷Ľ֣ҲһĿɿڴ
ǿʵ̫ǿһЩ  һﵽʲôʵһ׹ʦǰȻһغ϶ûгŵ
ŶǺǣ˼ǴȥħҪˣ׿Цʵ
ħλ磬ܹ˵ġһӦǿİɣ
ҲĵˣײܹӦĻҲûκεİ취ˡ
ʱֻܹȫֿ̫֮幬ˣ
׿˿΢΢һЦҿɲôԶħ֮ݣӦǿİɣ
⡭Ҫ֮ҵǸħͬҵ翶顭
߸Ҳ˵黰ʱ˵ЩѾûκεıҪˡ
ڶ˵ֻоİһ߲õġ
ħڵ飬ʱ֮ɲԸ֣  ׿΢΢һЦ˵ҲȻĻҵȱһɡ
΢΢һЦֻҪս置ھû£  ħں;̫幬ţı߶ﲻģҪħԼĵϳĻ置ڿ϶Ҫǣġ
ħ£ǲκأ
ɾ׼ЦŴӦ׵ʱһ置ڷεĵѾǴ˽  ˾ţ߳
ˣħżλǿɽ֮£ǷҪȥӭӣ
˿ɲ֪Ҫҵ鷳ħڵңħڿλš
ңÿһ置ǶʦڵģһΧһת֣
ʲôңˣ
һʲôʲôңոձ˸ˣʱ򻹵ɶ  ⲻû  һҲˣһﻹüʱʡ鷳ˣ
Ǻǣ粻ɰңҲ˱ĺ˰׳΢΢һЦ
˿̵ﻹ߿Ц  ޲̰ңͻȥźأֻǿѾûлˡ
߿׵ңʷħ֮ӣҪ置ڡ
ˣ׿ЦʵҵǿԸһõ飡
ԡ
ߵһڴĿףҪ׵ܸԼʲôĺý飡
׿һڴЦŵħһͲʲôöҿӦͶĳ˻Σ
ۣ
һ׵ĻҲһֻڶ
ΪһܹʲôõĽأû뵽Լħڣ  ҪԼħڸĻҲûôˡ
ңԼʲôϵأ
ħں;̫幬Լﲻ𰡣Ѳ׻̫幬һֱ  Ȼǲܵ飡
ƵĿףʱ¸ĳЦ
٣ҵǿЦһΪĽտ¾ңļˡ
׿Ц˼⵹һ置ڳԥĺûᣡ
ոһ置ܱȶһҪǿڲȿʼ߽ħڵһע⣡
һΣңѾǱ׸ײˣôճͲ˵ˡ
һֻҪڼһ죬ͿԶþãֻϧŵʱûпֱ˼ˣ  ߿֮̾һǽɣ
һԵ˷׸ߵĶԻҲЩҴ
û뵽ȥƽļһȻĸնɱħڵѲĲħڵı  ˷һΣƺķչţ  ǰҪħڹȥһľ̾
һԵĿhҲǵǰ״ˣʵ󰡣ǰӦͷܴҪȻ置ڵôôĿأ
ףǰĻǿ嶼֪˶ٴˣһҾúˬرˬǿһֱ۸ֱͦˣ置ڵЩ߸ϵǶһ𾴡
Ŀ˿ҲѪȣһеˬǰİ  꿴ԶǺ˵ߣǸ˲һɱҵĶӺŮǰǳҲҪóǿ˵Ĺ
ˣ˿ĿᶨĿԶ




1151±Ͼ·
 

ߣߣһͲһα㻹ͷڹ겻
Ϊ׵Ǹӣȥʮңʼ˸оЩ  ӥǸ˸о˲һƲ磡  
ߴ˿ﻹʲô˼һȥкҪ֪һǻ֪أ
Ҳ΢΢һ̾ʱֱ
ߣﻹҸ㣬ߣ챾ǳĲã縱أٺ٣ҵˡ
˷˵ҲһһĴŮֻδ˶ѣ
ң˷ҲѾã˷ʼնûдӦ߷Ļ˷ͳΪңˡ
׵˲δ߳´˿˷ﾹȻҲûи  Ȼƺңð  ɲҪڿЦ˰߳
˿Ϊ˵ĻΪʲôҸ㣬һ置Ϯŭѡ
ңԱߣһλħڷεĺ˿һ
ߣ׻նΪĲˬ
ôԼҲһ֮Ȼħλţ置ħʵΪǿ֮һλҲ൱ĸߵġ
׻ȻʵǿᣬվҲħڵĻѣ
λϸԼ࣬ҪԼһߣ  ң˵λȷͣʵҲ磡
ֻ˿λѣ
ߣߣڵԽԽ˰𣿾ȻҸ׻죿ҿǻˣ
ңЦһҲǺâ  һɲǵĹģҪĿһҿǰ˱
֮ǰոȥȴЩѾʧӰ٣
۷置ڣʵҲҪߣ  Ϊ߶ԼǳĲأһԼƵĻǼһҲóɷ׹ƳТԼ  ңһֱǹڻ
ټһˣֱԼĸ׸ǰ˵置ڵ߸Ĺ
ħڵλȻԼĶӵĻһοɳ󻤷ʵϾΪѹߣ  ׻Ȼ֪һУŶ߹ƣ
߱鷳֪꣬ôأû뵽ңȻԼ̬ȡ
Ҳʲô˼
ʲô˼Ҹ㣬״Ѿͬ⳷ԹԵĸǻħڵĻǻԺȻǡ
ңֳһĨЦ⣬Ҫɵ黹ûа첻ɵأ  ߣͱˣҪǲֵΣߴ˿̻սʮ㣡  ղ̬ȺãΪԼǸɲ˼ң˼ʵҲûΪԼ  ң˾ǳԼģ置ڱһϵ
ǵ֮λʵħҲ޷Ԥģ  ҪǿиԤǵأ
Ҹ״˵ˣԸɱۣңֳһ˿Цݣ  置ڶħĹôͲ֪𣿡
ôҲû뵽һﾹȻǳԼġ
ԼղŻΪһ￼أû뵽ǾȻ
׻ƻҽ£
ңЦ˼⼸Ϊƣɷ׹Ƴ汻˸ŪҲˣ  ׻صűԼĸ״˸ƺ˴󲿷ֵƣͼ͵ܵǿǱߣ
ǰ˾ȻʧˣѯϢ֮˵Ǳ˸ץˣ  ңѰ˼Լȵ置ڣԼΪ置ε֮󣬵ʱֻҪ˻置
ǾܿҲܲˣ
ң㡭㾹ȻҶ˶֡
˷һֱԸɵңĻ֮ҲǾˡ
˼ֱǷ˰  ҪʲôҪٵ置ĸ
˷ߣʱͻ㹩ɽˬ죬
ң˿˵Ҫô¶Ǿжô¶ǣһоԼƿ֮У  űӶˣ󻤷Ķ֣
׻ͻƻȻ֪ģ˵ʵȻԼ£˼˰
ŭһңҵģ
ߣôҸ㣬置ڱħڵأ߸Ҹ³
ңЦһ಻ðɳӣ
߳ղ˵ĻЧ𣿡




1152´õĸо
 


ңһ㶣ЩɵĿ˿ߣ  ʲô˭  ȻЧ
ˬʵЦЦ˳һ̣ңðһĺ  ̤Ьٴȫѹ򰡣  û뵽Լҵ˾ȻطҪЦˣ
㣿
ңףɫѾ  ǡ
׻ңȻʶˣҲЩɻĿңʵ
ңЦһߣ֮ǰҪҵˣû뵽㾹Ȼҹı֮ˣҽ˰
᣿ң֮λ޴ǰ֮ǰһֱڸϣܹİȫû뵽˾ľΪħ룬ǾȻҪӺĹΣ
ߴ˿ҲܲˣħҪԼأѲҪװϹһĿ
ôҲ׹ʦǿ൱龳ǿߣ  ǿߣȻԼĽ  һССȻҴ˹ҪɱԼֻأ  οأ  ղһӣǵһ׶ôճ
ֵѾȫʧˣΪûҪˡ
ңһΣҲǻã
˷ʲôֱɱ˵ˡ׻һԵ
ңǺǣҲأ׵дһ˿ı䣬֮ǰߣһЩˡ
ǴԲѣȻҸ˵׻üͷһɣҪ֡
ңڰֹ֣׻Ķ֣׳ǺˣΪʲô߹һ˵ǲҪΣħڣ
˭㻹֪Ҫħڵаһ
׿ң¶һ˿˿ĲмûʸԼ˵
Ȼҵ٩̫ϳϣһһͷȡ㵱ߡ
һԵĻƻҲʵ̫ˡ
߿ɵȱһ⣬ҲЩ˵Ҳ˵ĻֻҪ㻤置ڵİȫߴӽԺħڣˣ
ߣ߰ߣ㻹ǽͷݰɱ
ңЦһˣ
䣡  ף׻ͻƻѾǷ˹  ǿ߲вļһʲôв  Сװ浹һѺֻ֣ϧǿɲʡ͵ĵƣ
߸Ҫ׼ȥæһԵ΢΢һЦѣʦĶһԿžͺˡ

һƣСһ˵Ҳ̫ɶ˰ɣôҲ龳ǿ߰
˼ҵжΪˣ
߿һԵʵ֪մ
飡
鿴˵Լ֣
ʲôǺɱ˼λ鳤ϣ࡭ôҲû뵽׵ԾȻվôһλ֡
֮ǰ˵׻С⻹ǸӰ
飡  ׺Ͱ׻лƻֱӲӲûκεĽ
ľʵ
һʱ䣬֮𵴲ѣһɹǿҵĳһЩʵ΢˶ǲסĺţ
ʮغϣ׸֮以ಫɱ˿·磡
µңҲʿˮĸԼȫһ
һֹԭΪ置ڱȵ飡  ָͲô°  һﵽ˭֮ǰһʵܲӦǸǿŶ԰
նʽ  һŭ֮Уһ޵ĽӰѹһ㣬һϢĸо
ǰ׻׺Ȼ֮侹ȻжһҲʿˮ
𣡣  ׵һ˲䣬˵һĩյĸоһ޿ĳ嶯  ݣ
ĽӰһɫĹâŰ׻ĸǰնȥ  ռ֮УǾ޴ĽӰһ㣬ǰ׻Χסˣ
ǻƻһΣŵøϽˣ
һ̵ĹѾǲ֪٣  Ҳ׺ûһﵱµһԭ򣬲˿ǰ׻ѾǱ˺ΪƬһ㣡
޴Ľû˿ķ֮
׵նʽȫѹ  ֮УһйƽֻǴս֮˻̲סһ£  ǳʵЩ̫ģ˿Ŷоһĳȣ
龳֣Ȼǰλ˸ϡﻩ˶û뵽ġ
˿һԵңһִ˲뵽ĸо




1153նɱħ
 

࣡  һʿˮһƺЩ룡  ˷Ⱦ֮̾ˣʵû뵽һﾹȻ˵ͣ  ʵ̫ˣ  Լоһľ  ׻ͻƻȻ֪ģֲûȥħڵ̳
ħĴ󻤷൱ţģ龳ǿߡ
û뵽죬ô˵棬׾Ȼնɱеһλ  Ĵ󻤷֦ͬ  һ첻µز°նɱħ֮ˣǲǸħڳ׵˺Ƥ  ôôֲ֮ǰһֱԼҡͷ֪ǲ˰  ҪǸղ˼ĶŭɱԼĻ
뵽ߣ˷ﾹȻһĲҿûзҪȻĽԼļˡ
һԵҲòȥ֪ģղ׼˷ȥ̽һ£  ̽̽ˣ˼ԼĸǰѾչֳǿʵ  ˼նɱ׻Լ置ڵ棬νħڣ
  ֱ͸ˣ  ˣ˭
˷Ｘʳеһʣ˵Ľ㼸ȫǷ׵ϣ  ˭Ϊʲôôţ
һеһмҪ̾Ҫ֪һ𰸣  ߿˷Щɬ˵Ǿ̫幬ף
̫幬Ҷû
˷￴Щƣ˵˲ڰ˵𣿸ղǼһԼҲ˵ԼǾ̫幬ˣ
ֻ置ϢʵǱԼԼϢĻҲ֪ǰ֮˵˭
û˵Ǻǣ̫˵İɣ
߿˷̾һ
̫ڣˣȻ˵ģȻûȥ׻Ƶ磬̫ڹΪ׻Ƶڶţ˵ħڶԴҲЩɵ
˷Щ̾˵Ѳ̫幬̫ڵĸţ  ǣ̫Ѿʲôڶˣڲǰող𣡡
뵽ʱлһľ̾
񿴵˵ͣҲͨˣ˼ҵȷʱ  ٿһһֱЦݵ飬֪ǿ߻ûгء
Ȼ֪Ϊʲôǿ߻ף˼ҾǸˣУ
ļٵģˣ̫ǿĵڶŰ˵̫幬
˷һǸסˣ
һԵٺһЦŮµĻͦ׼

˵һ̫ڵͷʵ̫̫ˣЩɽֹĸо  ħĳţ¸̫Ҳǰɣ  Ļ̫幬ʵЩֲ̫һЩ  ⡭ôأ˷ЩŵĿ飬ɵ׵ִȻ֮ʱ  ƺһкĿԣҪȻ˼ôħڶأ
ңоԼ׹һ㣬͸һɺϢ
̫幬  һ˵ֵʱ˻˼£  ǰ֮ǸɽɴɱķĻôľ֮ˡ
һ裬ԼݺаԵңˣ
ţıǿҲûκεô  ˼̫ȳŶܹħҲǸڲɣ
Ǳ̫ǿôһЩأ  ̫幬ڱЩ˷һ㣬Ƕ̫幬ѾԾӵŵĵһλ  ħڣҪ̫幬Ҳǲ̫ܰ
ңǺǣʵĴħڲڵǻû̫İ취ϧ˲֪˰
׿ң֮¶һ˿ǳЦֻǳǳЦŵһĨɱ  һһ׽ͨ˶ŹֲƳ׾ӵֶкˣ
ϣôԼⲻȥˣ  ֮ǰΪ˾Уһߣ  㡭ʲôҡҿħڵ㡭㲻ɱң
ңԼĭͷƤоһķ飬Ϣƺϣ
ħڵͲܱɱˣǱأɱ˵ʱûпǹ˵ĸܣѲ𾴾Ϳκζ𣿡
Цһһﵽڻ˵Լħڵ  ħһ㣬ôħҲȻˡ
ҴˣĴˣǸPҸ˰ɣҪʲôֻҪħеģҶԸҹŮʯ
ңƺģ֪һһȥԼغˣ
Щűɱȥ˵ɣûйЩ
׵ĽѾǾٹͷңľѣ  ҵһΪұģ㡭
ң֪һԼ϶ⲻˣʱҲǷ  䣡
һն䣬ңһ󲻸ʵɫʧϣ




1154׹ҵ
 

ңʵ置Ѿûκε·  ֪ԼڲòͶǰˣ
ǱħҪõĶ࣬Ҳķ
Ȼ置ڿȥޱȣʵ黹Լķִ͵ߵġ
ħڿƣ˭ԸΪ˵߹أ
֪Ϊ̫幬ĸӹʱħ֮˵¾置ڸ֮ʱˣ
һԵ㳿ҲǸоЩͷƤ飡  ֮ǰǶ˵쳣ĲпᣬΪǸףʵΣղ࣡  Ϻ㳿ڶûоʲôΣգ
ҲΪˣڶ˵ĳʵЩǸоһķθ
ϵһЩϾѧҽģȳҲӴ
㳿ȻǸѧҽģվǸŮ
Ҳ֪ЩǱҪģһЩ
µʱɽ磬Ǿû˵ļˡ
˶ɽ磬ⲻ֪ɽʵϱ绹Ҫпܶࡣ
׷
ʵ׷Ǽµ֮УⲻĲɱҲֻˣЦȺ۵ˣ
ܹжأ  лˣ߿Ҳǳ˸м֮ɫ
׿΢΢һЦİɣԺҾ̫幬벻ħ
ߣң๼һλǾȻҲҪ㣬˵ʵЩһˣ
뵽ղң飬һߣ
׿߳ղħڵĻƻˡ
Ӧһ˰һħ֪ңҵУʱ置ڿް֮հ
ʵղһֱԭΪǻƻˣ  ԤĶǣδڣħڻпܴٽ  ʱСС置ڣôܹŵסأ
ˣ߷аһЩϾҪ置ڵİΣİɣ  ΢΢һЦ׼ȷ˵Ӧòܣҹģ
ܣ
ЩԾĿף֪׵еЩʲô
׿ߵħٹ죬Ȼ˵ĻļһЩ
Լǣħʵǿᣬ龳ǿ߲ʮλаǿ˹ҿ¡
߲ǶԾ̫幬ûģ߾׺˰
ǺǣѾ֪ͨ׹ҳǰٹһӾӦÿԵˣ΢΢һЦ
ڸղңֵһ̣׾֪ļƻҪıˣ  ңҲ֪ħڿ϶ưոݣ  Щʱ̫൹δǺ£Ҿ̫幬ҲҪǿȻҪţӦͻ¼
׹ҵĵٿڲ֮أ
ڵ׹׳ϣһʱЩ˵˻
׿΢΢һЦӦҾ̫幬ĻڳˣǺǣ
ǣĳһʱһʱ󣡣Цŵ
׿ߵȻ置ڣȻҲǸ𵽵ףҲϣѵʱҲ
˵ʵ֪ղŵЩңʵֻ߲̰֮Ϊ置ҵѣħҪҸõĵߣ
߳ղңΪѾǴĵߣǾԲòġ
΢΢ͷҾ̫幬ȻH֮£һҲġ׳ϹҵȻΪ置ڵĻڴһЩ죬ʱֻҪ置ڣаҪƿ⻤ڴҲܹģ
棿
һ˴ҲǼʵ
ĻҲǿԵһͷڹ겻ǣ  ʱ˲ڣֻҪȥʵûκεˡ
ҪôĻڴôΪ置ٿڲ֮ذ
׿΢΢һЦԺȻ֪
׹ڰʱ֮Ҳ置ڣ˶ɽ֮ˣµ󷨣³
Ҫƿ󷨣ǾԲܵ飡  ȻЩŽɣʼ֮ͻᷢ⻤ڴǿޱȰ
֮󣡣  ԭŵ置ڣħڵĴѹѾǱĸ
Ͼħ置ڵλţħ֮Ӳ置ڣսѾǲɱˣ




1155ħ
 

ħ̳֮أ
ʵǿᣬ˵ʲô̫⣡
˵ʵҪħڵ置ڣһĹ򶼹һˡ
ƻӻħ֮Ҳ£
һɲ˵Լ˵ӻħڵģ˵Ǳһ·׷ɱɢˡ
ƻԿóʮа˾Ǳ˸նɱ置֮ˡ
ƻ
˿̣置֮⣬ħĩɫĿԶһ˿룡
ˣҡ
ƻҲЩǣһħڿνǴɱ˴ֻ֮һ˿ĵǣ
Щ˸Ҷ֣նɱ׻б
ǰ˵ʲôݣĩŻƻ
ƻЩΡΡ˵ˣǲ֪Ͳ󣬿ʵȴ쳣ǿᡣһ˶Ҹ׻ߵļʱѾΪ˵Ľˣ
ˣֱɱ置ڲˣǷʲôһһ߳
ػ˵ҽɱҶҲȫ׼
ĩȻȴһ˿˿֮ɫ
֪֪ˣս  ֪ǰ˵ʲôóȻĻʱһƵĻµòʧ  ػĩˣ֪̫ϳǡ
Ѿʦ˻㱨ˣʦ˵дҲû˵ǲһ
ĩһС΢ˣΪħȻҪǸ飡  ߣ̫ϳĻȻ֮أػ
ĩеʦʵϾħǿߡаа
ˣˣҲ֪ңˣɱҶǵʱɲ飡
ĩЦһҪ֪ңȻΨһĶӣȴΪ谮һ  Ҳ֪ңԸ鲻أ
ĩҪļ̳ˣħһˣң츳Ҳ൱Ĳ̳Լ֮λҲӦģ  ҲΪˣ֮ǰ˻ƻ˵ԼĶӱסΣյʱЩסˡ
ΪԼʦа飬ʱ죬ħڴ
ĩҪɱԼĶӣʵһģ
ˣ置ڵĻڴѾ
ػԶҲǳĩ˵
ĩ置ѾǽеȫҲüͷ΢΢𣡣  ׼ҽ쵹Ҫ置ڵʲôҸа壡ĩгŨҵɱ
置ڣ  ⡭ôôĪ֮˰Ϊ׵Ǹħĩ
ɲĩħ٣ȴڴ⡭ҪֱĽ𣿡
ǻ֪֮ǰħңͼնɱˣѾǱ͵˰
ȥô˵置ڸħƲ𣿡
˵ʵȻҲϣƺѾΪʵ
置ڣħڴǰҰŵһ϶֮ɫ
ǿħڰ˭Ҳﲻħڰ  ŸħѾǷˣôֿܹħǿ糱ˮһĽ  ûߺ˷֪ݵļ置ڵĸ߲֮⣬û֪ǵĵƵʲô
Զĳɽ֮ϣ׺ߵйǱ壡  ĽԼеİӷ֮ϣȻЦŵ嶼ЩĲɰ
ɲĲɣʵħڴѹгϻ̳Ͽְ߿ҲһΣ  һԵ˷￴˵ħںڹһڴ⡭һƿ˻ڴ󡭡
ߣƾҲƿڴ󣿲ǱǣﰢèҪƿҵϲµĻڴ󣬾޿ܣ
׹ЩмҲ˵ˣһɽǿҪƿǲµĴ󣬿ҲҪһģ
ļٵİ
˷ЩţĴҲƽİ취޿ܣ
ȻҲʵǿᣬôţҲе̫˰  䣡
置ڵһ΢΢ĲĿԸоóǻڴǿߵĹ
󾫶࣡
ħһİʮˣһɫĶǸеĸ֣
ݷĻǿ˵ܹ˸󳬼š
Ͼħڵۺ񣬲һܹġ
һδһ𣡣
Щħ֮ѾʼЩɵˣ置ڵĴ˽ʱ˿  һŵĴ󣬿¶ˣ  ĩгɻ置ڵĻڴ֮ǰоȻһһЩҲ˰




1156ֶ
 

ҼҾͲһСС置ڵĻڴ󣬾Ȼܹѵħʮλ龳ĸ֣
ĩг˲ţ  ˵ôʱƻӦǿԿˣ
置ڵĻڴ󣬾Ȼ˿ûжĸо
ѾЩⷶΧˣڵĻڴ󣬾ʱĿըǹǵĻڴӦҲЩɶġ
Ϊʲôأ
ĩ⣬ǳĲ⣡
飬Ȼ;ϣȻѾˣǾûκصˣ  置ȻûиԼ̸еĴ㰡
ߣ
ĩȺķĹƺûκεЧҲɫĺܣ
置ڣ  ܶ˶ǿħЩ˿ըһıݣ⻤ڴǿһģͲΪ  ȥʲôħڵʵԽԽˣ
ǰһΪħһĹܹɱⶼȥʱ˰
û뵽置ڵĻڴȻôţ
ǿ龳ĸ˰һôĸ֣⼱۵ӣҶЦˣ
置ڵĵһļ֮ɫֻҪ⻤ڴƲĻħھûκεİ취
⻤ڴ󣬲ֻзصĹЧ  ʵĻڴǿɶǴĹģֻĩΪ置ѱ  ѲĸҶħڶ֣ĩߣԭһϺˣָ·ϣ  Զɽ֮ϣ  ׵ȻһЦ˿΢΢һЦҲ
˼ǡЩʵ
ղһֱϳ֣ҲƵĺܣ
ѲɾôţĻħߣʱõȵ˲Żһεĳ  Ȼ⻤ڴţ棬Ҳ𾪲ѣ  ܾ鲻ʱ置ް֮յġ
Щ˹ôãҲ˰ɣҪҪ⻤ڴ׿΢΢һЦ
⡭⻤ڴܹ
Ҫ֪置֮ǰĻڴһص󷨣ټһĻڴû̫Ĺ߲ž֡
һԵЦŵҲ֪˵׳ԵԲ
׹һɣϵ׹󣬿ɲһܹܵģ
ϵ׹󣿹ڴöûпˣ
һϵ׹󼸸ֵʱҲǼ˵
ϵ׹Ǹʲô󷨰߿׹ңҲ֪׹ҿǺųơ׵ۡ
׳ϣǾһĽɡ׶豭Ʒ㣡  ã
׹Ҳûκεĳɣһӣ置ڵƺʼ˱仯  置⣡
֮дһ˿˿֮ɫܿ죬շױѾһƬ
ȱ仯һ˿ԤУ
置ڵϿգɫƶ俪ʼϵļᣬʱʱĴ׵˺  
ˣ⡭ʲôѲ˶ɽ٣
ԭڹ置ڵҲһһԵĩ˿ɫҲǺòȥ  ɽ٣ܰɡ
ĩԼôġˡɣһߣȻ˶ɽ٣  ôˣҲû˭Ŀʼɽٰ
置ڵʵʵ̫ˣԲжɽ֮˵Ĵڡ
ߵĻǿ˭ǵ𰡣  䣡
һɫ׵绬䣬ԭڹ置ڵػϿ罫ҪԼһϵ糯Լķ򹥻ҲŵøϽܣ
ϵ磬·ʶػһ㣬һ㵽ɫ׵绹ȵϣ  ղŹ置ڵЩˣϢѾǱϵ׹ˣ
ǲ֪ǣɵۼµ󷨣ܹȵģ
ǽƣǲ񰡡
ĩһػȻܵ˹Ҳһ
ûеȵعֵ׹һĳ置ڵΧк£  һɫſǵѪڣҪЩȫһ㣡  ĩסˣ׵סˣ  ԭΪ׵ᳯԼָûУ
ǸղŹ⻤ڴ֮ˣȴһû⣡  һЩʵ΢һЩ徳ǿѾǱɫ׵ң  ˣ  һ̣ĩӿֳһĨ֮ɫ  ֻɫ׵ҲҴȥҲҴңһ֮һεĻָ֮ɫ  Ͼֻһ󷨣Ҫķǳʯ  ֮ǰһĴˣ  󷨣ʯķǳЧǽ͵ǾͲһˡ
˿̣ħһ˵ѾȫȦˣ




1157ħVS
 

ħڱһƹǴֲ
һϵ׹⣬ڳħ֮˿νŵЩεѵĸо
ˣ⡭Ҳ̫˰置ʲôʱôˣ
ǰˣ⡭⻤ڴƲҾȻйԣҪǴȥȫûпܵİ
׵Ĺʵ̫ǿˣ߶Ѿ˼λ徳ǿˣ
ôȥĻħڿ¾ҪΪЦ˰
һ˵ȶǿɥԭ緢׼һŵ鷳ġ
յ˼ߣӰûмţ㱻˸ˣ  ҪǵڶֵĻѾǱϵҶʣˣ  ĩ˫΢΢ԼҲͲ⵽ʲôԭ  ɾ
߾ȻҳԼԼĶӵڶ  ԼħڵһŸƵ˵ľ뵽ĩһ
ɾĩԥ֮ʣȴִ˿Ѿǳˣ
ߣôĵӣȻڶ֣Լ𣿡
ĩߴ߳˫ɺĿǰߣ  ЦһʶħĹ㾹ȻĶӸ󻤷Ҫ֮նɱңǸħڵ³ĻΪʲôҪǣ
ߣͿĲ֮ģٽҶų򡭡
ĩӦûȵԼĶӣϾȺ置ڿԳܵġ
߿˿ĩһЦҪɱңΪһңѾնڱ֮ڣЧȣ
ңˣ
ĩһЩȻĿԣ漴ͷˣ  ûôĵӣûУ
๼
ĩ˫֮Уһ֮ɫ߷һɭЦúúã置·ϣ治Ҫ置ΪҶᣡ
Ȱ㻹ǻǲҪôŵĺã置Ҳ׸Ķ󣡣ȻڸվǰȻҵ̡
ЦһֻһǾԼ̫幬
ụ̂Ҳ׵ĵħڣ
ħѾǳ׶ҲûκεĹ˼ɣ׵ĸǰħڳ׵Ļޣ  ŻţԼʵͶϣЩǱҪġ
ߣǲ֪ΪħʲôţһСС置ڣȻҶħڲˣȥɱ֪ߵغļһ
ػһԵĩϵɱѾһ࣡  ػħĴ󻤷֮ףʵǿޱȣ  ˵϶Ǵ˵Ķ֡
׼
ĩ˿Ψһ뷨置ڣ֮ǰ置ڵĻڴȷһķ꣡
߼ȻѾˣҪڻȥ
Ǻǣħ
ߵһվ˳˲ǱˣȻˣ
׿ĩҲǹһ˿˿΢Ц  ߣߣ˵㵨ôô󣬸ǹ׻Ƶ簡֪ħڵĹأ
ĩߣʱŭ죬ɥ֮ʹɲһܹܵסġ
ĩǿ࣬һпܱˡ
ңѾˣڳ˸ԼĶӱ֮⣬ʵ벻ʲô  ֻǵ׵һ̣ƺһЩʲô  Ǻǣʲô᣿ǿħڲ޿ˡЦһ
ƿС㵽ڵĻģĩ
ڻش֮ǰأȾһĻĶӿɲǱɱģҵУ
׿ĩʼչһ˿޵Ц⡣
õúܣֳһģɱĩĶӣҵҪ˭ô
ĩŭһѾʧԭأ
˵ղסĻôڱôһ̼ڲֵĻ˿Цô
ݣ
һĽ𣡣  ˲䣬Ѿϯ置ڵΧĽ·Ҫ׸ٴһ㣡
ĩĹŲϵǰƣƸһ˸߹һˣ
Ӱն
һ֮Ӱ׵˷˸оһ־
ĩȻǳ֣ԣһǲκεĻᰡ
ЦһǱаͿûˣնʽ
׵һǿĽɫâŰ
ɽӵĽɫűϮĺɫ޾ɫ
ײĶ  ħ;̫幬һ̣׵Ŀսˡ
ֻĩ֪˭  Զһ޵ʶɨ漴Ǳ߾Ȼһ˿֮⣡




1158е˵ħ
 

ɫVSɫ
˿置ѾһƬ֮̾
Ҫ֪ǿħڵĩһλĳ֣ɲ֮˰
龳ڣ  ĩΪԼʵѾǿˣɵȲбĽԼϮʱҲüͷһ壡  ߣҵҪʲô͡
ĩһ˸î˾׵ķһն
¡¡
ΪǿĽڿжܿ죬֮γ˽ɫͺɫѤã  һΪǿĽĴɢ  ǽ֮Ǵݲ  ã  иֳӰһһף
ǺǣȻʵǷ
׿ĩ֪ǿ佱Цô˵ˡ
ǶĩĵѾԸˣǰһԭΪܹնɱ
ôҲû뵽龹Ȼӣ  ǿ  ˿̳ĩеֻ֣׻ָƣûмĳֳ֣  Ȼ䣬üͷһһ飡  㡭Ǿ̫幬ˣ
ĩ뷨һܿ˿˸֮ǰ֮еľ̫幬ʵ̫ˣ
ʻѿڶ
ǣȻף
׿ĩ޷Զİɫ£˿һĲ
Ȼ㣡
ĩĿһ£ôһΪʲôƫƫһ
ħ̫幬Թ޳ΪʲôƫƫҪԼĶ֣
һʱ䣬ĩЩоԼӶˣ  Ǿ̫幬ǵ𣿻ǣһĸ̫幬ս˵һǧҲ˰ٵĶడ
֡ˣ
ĩǷһĿɬòıԼĲˡ
һᣡ׹ֵ
ħ̫幬޳Թ֪ΪնɱҶĳһ
ĩˣ  ˶Ǿˣħڵˣһ̾Ȼˣ˴۾
׿ĩǺǣҪɱң㹻𣿡
ʲôңȻ˴󵨣
ĩһЩʧҪĻԼײǹˡ
ʵϣֻһˣôĩô˼ϻأ
ףǾ̫幬  һоͱòͬˣ  ׿ĩҪɱңҲһɱҵѣ֮ʻҪأĪǾ׺۸
ң๼
ĩ˵һ˴۾ĻħԼĶӱɱ֮󣬾Ȼ˵Ȼ
Ҳû˭ˣ
ĩ֪ʱ̫幬ǵĽ࣡  ǿնɱ̫龳ڵĳǿ߼Ű̫֮ɫʵЩ£  һ֮Ϊһ˽Ҫڲ˵Ļʱ¾Լᱻħڷ  ħڣǿһʵţ
ȷ๼ȴҲħڽԹСƫƫҪҽԹ
һӰԼ˵ĸоر޹ʵĩѾġ
ԼĶˣ׷ͺڷˣ
ƫƫȴܹ׶ŭһȻҸԼǿ϶ȫ׼
ңѾˣӦõΪֹ˰ɣĩ׳
˻ǺܽģԩͷծֻҪ壬ȻҲһҲ𣿡
ȻĩĿȴƮԶ  ܵһɼΪǿϢڳӿȻ첻˵ټ
һɻҪ֪ʶǷǳǿģ
ǿʶȻһˣⲻЦ  ԶħڵǰҲѾըˣ  ̫幬飬ħڵЩ˻϶˵ģˣǾȻûô˵
̫幬û˸վս߰ɣ
ĩף˫۴һ˿Թ֮ɫӳ飡  Ҫ̫幬սҲŵ̫ϳϾģһܹġ
̫幬ֻһСţħʮΰ˴ζν
˼Ѿǿ˼ɵĵزˣɾͲһܹ˵飡  ߣ
һֱ޷Ǹһ֪ǱһֵĴڣ
бһȵĻ棬˵˵һɿصˣδֵˣ  ˭  ĩĩԽԽȥˣħʲôʱ򵱹ͷڹꣿ̫ʧˣ
׵Զɽ֮оȻҲһɻ  ȥЩ϶ӣЩ˸оƮ




1159аת
 

˵ĿⶼԶǸǻӰ
ĩг˼֮ɫͨһ¾͹
ͽĩӭʦ𣡣
ĩһ˶Ϊ֮𾪣ʦǴ˵еħڵһа  Ѳ˾Ȼǡ
˿̣ߵг˺Ȼ֮ɫ
аа
ôطаĳֵĻô˿ɾΣ˰
ȻҲ龳ڣǾ˵аʹﵽΣ
ɡ
λ߿ȥüĿ֪ĻΪļҵүүأ
ͷʵǹһЩ  ħڵһ֣
һƺҲŷɥˣ
ʵϣа첢ҪģܾЩ֣  ߣĩȻ½ľ̫幬ͣҲһƣ
ħ֮ˣ  ô˰һԼͽܣɶ˰  ʦô
ĩаӣҲЩ㵵ʵ
֮ǰԼʦ˵Լû뵽һţȻԼʦĹˡ
аĩЦһߣٲĻҪħڵˣ
⡭ʦ𣬶Ǿ̫幬ףҲ֪ĩҪ͡
аѾǺܲĴĻ̫幬Ǹ½ţΣħ첻µز£һ½Ųɣ
״˿üͷаȻ͸һʵ
һļ飬ӦãԲӦð
ʶֻб˿ʵķݣô˵ʵأ
ĪаʲôܹܿԼʶ̽飿  磬ʲôܹ赲סɽʶأ
ಣ  ׹ҺӰ˵ĸǰ  ׹ʵҲƵʣ׹ңѾɵۼǿߣ  Ȼˣʶȴûκεĸı䣬ȻҲ͸ǰ֮ˣ  Ǹ̫幬ףССͣȻܹﵽ龳ڣҲ൱Ĳ
абۿ˿ҲЦһ
ߣаԭҪħһ·ɱԼЦ
ƾ㣿һëûгȫСӣȻҶԱабۿ˿ף¶һ˿˿Ĳм  ʦ磬йŹ֣
鿴ף׺׹Ҳǿ齻  ǰ˵ʵǾȻ͸֣׹ҳ
һ˻ҵһɽ֮˴жüͷû뵽ϣǾȻ  пܣĻ˵ʵҪ֮ϰ
׹νʵԼ֮ϣ˵Ŀɲڣɽ簡  Ҫ֪ɽ磬׹ҾʮֵĵھλˣǿĻǰλѡ  ׿˵аƺƺϤ
аɣĪһﾹȻǡ׹ҵĨһ˿Ȼ֮ɫ  ɽλڶĳǿߣ˵Ѿǰֻſаɣ  һתֻߵõɵĴеĻǿɲ׶Ը˰  ֮ǰǼͬն
Ļ˼Ҳһ˵ĶְҲǺֱ׵˵  ߣҪκǣҲףһҪСˣһҲһЩԾ㿴ǵƺӦǷһЩʲô
׹ҿаĿڲסĴǣ֮Ҳһ˿˿ĵǣ  ԭˣ˵ôʵ˵ǿᣬȻǹˡ
аһ仰׵˶ǸоһĿֲ  һɨһۣܹ֪ǵĵϸҲ̫ǿһЩɣ
ٴУ  һ̣״δйľ߶ȼУɽɵʱҲδй˵Ľţ
˵ɽ糬ǿаתĻǽ׻ᷢʲô޴ӵ֪ˣ
ɣ
׹ҿ˿аüͷ΢΢𣡣
棬û뵽㾹ȻţǲĺܰаŶ׹ҲһĲ죡
ʵϣ˲Ǳˣɽλڶĳǿаɣ  ɸɲһһǶʧܣһ˿ԪƮɢһɵϣ  ʵҲʮѣ  ʮǻ˾ʱıںϣɼˣʵҲѾﵽ龳ڵʵ  ԭΪϾԼһɽˣȻ֣ˣ  ˵ʵĿǰΪֹҲʶһˣһԵ˶򵥰
ɵдһ˿ζЦݡ




1160ǿУ
 

аɣ
ɽλڶǿߣȻҲһĻң
׿аҿǻǻط˵ɡ
٣д⣡
аҲҪ֪˵ôطģ
ڿлЩͬĸо
˿һ뷨Ǿշˣ
ֻҪշˣʱɱɽ磬Ƕ˼ˣ  ʵаԼȥ뷨Ҫһͳɽ磬ûеóѣ  òԶɽǿߵ׷ɱ
ֻ鲻֮Ϊ˭Ҳûȥ׷ɱһɽλڶĳǿߣ  ׻Ƶ磬ҲҪ񫣡
ಣ  ӰѾʧ置ڵΧ
˿̲ħڵĩ置ڵߣǶһ͵Ŀ⼸˵뿪
ĩû뵽Լ澹Ȼʶˣ  Щ̫Цˣ׹ʶеýͣ׵ԼʦȻҲʶ  Զɽ֮У
а׹¶һ˿Ц棬þò㶼ʧ˰ˣû뵽طȻָ˰
аҲû뵽ɽаɣȻ˹׹ҵʲõ˵
٣˴˱˴ˣаЦһҲԵ֣˵ǼҪԺɵĻұ֤ǳĺģӦ֪аʲô˰ɣ
Ǹ㣿˵а˻Ǹ˵ɽ磬˷ˣû뵽㾹Ȼǲͣ
쿴Ҳǳ˽䱸֮ɫ
Ȼˣǻ治һǶĶ֡
ɿ΢΢ҡͷǶʧܣǱõĻѾǱ׸ˣ
˿̵ɣƺ˵ʱǻص׽٣Ҳһ˿Ŀֲ  ûжɹ٣Զ֪ٵжôĿֲ
ʲô㡭㾹Ȼˣ
׹ҵľ֮ɫǿٰû뵽һﾹȻĶˣ
Ȼ٣
ҲüͷǰһѲ  ɿЦһ棬ǿҵͬΪɽʮǿߵϸһλᣡֻֻһΣаûǣɽ𣬹
Σ㵽Ҫʲô׹ʵ
ǺǣҸСĿ꣬ͳһһ棬һЩʺõģȻɽһҿɲһʧˣɽЩˣڴǼɵһ̣ʲôı飿
ɿЦ˵Щû˵թû̫Ȥ
񿴵׹ҵˣҲȼһ˿˿Ȥ  һӦ𣿺ߣ׹ҿ
Ǿͷǳźˡп಻ɳӡӦ֪ɽ磬ҵħͬǿޱȣӵóҵָɽ𣿡ɲм˵
а㲻Ҫ˵ˣǳ㣬ھͿԸܣ
Сӣ֪Ҳ򵥣һǿ⵽ʲô·һԵСһӦǸɣһϤζ
ɿ飬Ҳ֪һͲˣ
鿴˿ɳаɵĴȻ˵ҲǰΪܹκεң
СӵļƷǼһʵ̫һЩȻǿԺɵһսûдﵽɵ۵Ĳΰ
ɿ飬ҲЩ𺳣ǵɽĳ  ڿѾǳôļˣѾǣ˰  𿴾Ͳ֣ȫ֮𰡣  桢飬һսѾˣȫնɱˡ
׿ɣ֪һսǾԱⲻˣɾԲܳǡ
ҲԲܳɣ
֮䣬Ҫһʤ֣ʤֻϵľǵδ  ôҲû뵽ϻűţĴڣ  аɣɽλڶĴмȻҲ׻Ƶ硣
ߣԲѣԭǣǸһɱɽģû뵽ǾȻƲԳԷơ
ɿףһ˿ĺ
ֻЩ֣˵治ӦǸһİ  аǾͿûб°ͬʱˣ
ǺþûĶ˰ٺ٣ǼɣǷģҿ᲻ɱǣ
ɿ⼸ˣǿʱҲ¶һ˿̰֮ɫ    ΪǾǲɶõĺöŪԼòôˡ
аһ̤ɽҲΪ֮һ  Զ置ڣŶɽ֮дһĲĩߵ϶ǳ˵֮ɫ  Ϊа֮ˣʹδڵ˰




1161ɱ
 

ɽ֮У޾ɢȥ  һҲǱ˾˵սϾɽڶĳǿߣǻȻɵޱȰ磡  Ҫ֪׵˵ǲû뵽羹Ȼǿ֮ˣ  Щ飬벻Ͳᷢģ
ʵˣɳˣɽǵаˣ  棬ǷҪͱˣ
ɵɽȣбŷһĺâ  ƲԳԷƣ  û뵽˾ȻԼ˼ŭѣ  ɽǿߣԸҲǷǳǿģ  ȻǲңǾ֮أɵ뷨
а˵ʵǿᣬһֱûл̣ñĸаɣ
濴ɣĿҲǴһ˿ļᶨ
ȻѾˣǽһսˣ  Բѣƾ㣿ɵĿдһ˿м
ʵϣһ˵һЩв
вѾڲ֮ء
ϵ  һŭȣ
䣡
֮Уһ޴ѾͻȻ٣
沢һϻܶˣȻҪǾʼһɣ
üͷһ壬׵ҲЦһֱӵ
ǵ׵·Ǳаһ㣬˿һĿ࣡  һɾȻӲԼϵҲĨһ˿֮ɫ
ߣˣôˣ㻹ûʲô
ɵ¶һ˿ЦǱӵʵһ٣  ׿һԵΧɱ
˵֣Ա׵ľģҪвв  շ
ײǲ룬֮ҲһĿЦλǶɹٵ˰
Ҫշǲܵ飡  Ҫ֪˵ľ㹻ǿ֮еκһҪǿ
ˣôȥշûԣ  ʵ֪ܹųȥѾǲеˡ
ߣһҲãҪǵʲô£
ɿ׺鶼˹Ҳѿһ˿˿Ц⣬˵Χ
ǰηģ  а
һɫӰƮ˿ɵгһģ  ⶫǱģаùа
ֻΪʵԭ򣬴˿̵ɲܹӳа
أ  ˵аѾһ壬Դݻǰһˣ  ȻаһаȻڣ
ҲЩ𾪵Ŀǰɣ  üͷ˸֣ȻûԤϵģ
аȻͻ㣿׵Ȩȣ
ЦһҲǶһϵ绷ƵȨȣɱһ˿ֶη֮ģ
ߣ׵Ȩȣ
ɿеĶҲЦһʵҲû뵽һﾹȻ׵ȨҲˡ
ֻ׼аͲ׼Ҵҵ׵ȨɣҵҪа׻ǲôаԡ
һ̤˿Ҳսʮ㣡  һԵ鿴΢΢һЦʦ磬Ҳóұ˰һʵЩ̫
֪׳
ಣ
һ  ͬǳһʵЩĿɿڴĿеĶɫЩˣ
նɽȻĵõնɽ
ɵ֮ɫѾǺܹ˵ˣնɽǷǳǿ֣
ʵϵɽɱ֮У  ŵĶȻȫɱǰʮλĺö  аֱ֮ΪɽɱĴڣ  еնɽȴĳɱ  ʹ˵նɽѾʤаһˣ
ټɱʮ׵Ȩȣٴӱ˵Ѿռ˾Եƣ  ˵ʲôأκһɱǶҪٿصģ
аܹ֮ΪɽڶǿߣʵǱаȻ˵аʵӰҲкܴġ
٣аҪô˱ˣҪô㱻˸ˣӦûеڶѡ˰ɡ
鿴аһȻ˵ʵ׵̬Ⱦʹǵ̬ȣ
׵ˣ׵飡
ˣô׵־ΪתƵġ
ֻɲ⼸֮ĹϵһΪ֮ˡ
ʵˣʵײǣһֱûб
ףҪǲܵģһսѾ⣡
ĽˣҪǼ޿ܣ
ɿ׵ˣЦ˼һεջǲСնɽ׵ȨȣעҪһʺ˰




1162а죡
 

ǾҪûˣ
״˿ѾǻָԭţǰаϾǵɽа
Ȼˣ  ˶һлģ
ȻäĿţҲԷҲ̫Լˣ
ֻû뵽ǣаа񣡣
аħ裡  һȣƺһɺɫסˡ
ܿ죬Χһɫĵ֮һ㣬˵ķͬʱʼԼĹ  һĶ֮ǰҪ̫ˣһգ۵ĹǵѾǵ׵ĸǰ  䣡
һ𵴵쳹ɽȣ  ǵֱ˸оһͷƤ飡
еնɽȻҲǳصģǵһνӴǿĵʱ򣬻һĲӦ  أ
ױ⵶ˣҲĽӡ  ôǿ
׿ǰаüͷǿǵһ
黹ܹǿֵһ֮⣬棬ĵҲЩ  ֧Ԯ飡
汻֮Ҳŭһ  а˵ǿҲǵһĸܵˣ磬ܹܵ˿ֲϢ
ɽڶǿߣԲǸǵİ  ɣ  е׵Ȩȸ߸߾һ˲䣬ϿѾγһ˶ĺƣ  Ǻɫһ㣬գ
ԭɽȣ˿ҲһƬڰ֮У  ֮ϣɫ֮Ҫʨһ㣬˸оɪɪ
䣡
һ׳ɫֱ£ɵķֱ  ߣһɣҵҪǲǻеķ緶ɵֳһ˿Ц⣡
˿̣аѾһնźƵķֱȥ
ߣ㻹ΪҵɣҲ̫Сˣʱϴһ˿֮ɫ
ҪԼǿһΪ׺鴴ᣡ  Ҫ֪ڵ簡ȻɽǿȻⲻɵ֮һ
磬ҲΪǿˣ  ¡  ׼編ƸղϵҪֱƻһֹ  ôƿ
Ҫ֪ɲʲôϺзҲɽλǰʮĳ֣
ȻɣͷҲ쵱ģ
׵۵ĳƺţǿЦģ  ɸоԼһʹܿ죬õֱ֮Ӵ֮  棬׳
նʽ
ײֱӷԼĿǰǿһУ  һԵƺѧҲǳɵķ򹥻õͬնʽĵڶʽ
նʽһ ǵڶжѣĵֻأʵˮ׼Ǻѷӳ
ʣ
޴Ľɻķֱն˹һһ  ƺҪնɱڴˣ
ɵҲǳ𾪣һﻹͦ
ܹѵ𣿾޿ܣ
а죡  ɲԼأһε˿У˿һ˿Ĳ
ղһȷЩССˡ
û뵽ɾȻ˵ľ޴Ҫ֪ʵһ֮¾ˣ⼸Щܣ  ˣҪնɱ  ܲŭ  а죬ɵľѧ֮һ
˿̵ɷһһ㣬˲һ֣  һֲõôȻĹҲǾˡ
а죿
ʲôȻһЧǿ
˵ղŵ˯龳ڵĻôԼʵ˲龳Ķ壡
Ҳ˵ʵҪ֮ǰǿһ屶  ʲôʹаһܹԼʵķӣںܶ˿ǲܵġ
ۼ֤ˣ  ʼٱ¶ԼһУҲѾˣ  һﾹȻһεԼʹһУҲ  ȥһô°Ҳһ  ղĵĿǰһУΪˣѾǾ߱ɱһĻˡ
ֻҪϼѣһһܹ֮ˣ  ҲΪʲô׺ʱԭ򣬿û뵽龹Ȼģ  һﲻ֪ʲôȻ˲Լʵ
ԭѾǹˣǼûκεϣ  ŵаɵõһַܹڶʱѰ˼ԼʵûʲôãȻʱ䲻ɡ
˿Ŀɵĳֵȷû뵽ģѾһˣ




1163»Ѳܼ
 

׵ۣ棡
ȾǿߣһСС羹Ȼ鷳ˣ˵ȥ¶ûţ  ټ׺飬ҲǳֵĴڣ  ˼һɽҲһɲСˡ
ǵ㱳ԹᰡСС羹ȻԻ
аɣ
ĴڣȻҲ֮У˵ɽµǶţë  Ϊʲô˶磿ҲΪư
ʵϣԭԼĺӲŸոտʼ˵ͷһ  ˲Լʵ
Ҳʿˮֶ֪ΣǱĲ  Ҳе̫˰ɣ
鿴׵ʦ磬һܹڶһԭɣɽλǿսֻ֪ˣ˵һʼҲռϷġ
ڿһȷйŹְǿҪСˡ׳
һ΢΢ҡͷĿǰʵնɱǲһ£ˣҪȫߣѾûϣˣ
ŶĿ⣬澹ȻҲǲĴһ  ʦ磬סߣ
¶һ˿Цݣȥһνӣʲôأ
鳤ϣɣֻһѣ浭˵
ȻȥЩм֮ɫʱ˭ܹӳȥ˭ܹ£ʾĶǴ壡
棬ҾԲܶ鲻ܵġ΢΢ҡͷҲһů
ؼʱ̣ΪԼӵܹж
Ҫ֪ʲôˣǿɵۼǿߴаǵĵһҪǻ  Ϊ˱ȥǸǲܵ飡  ɽ磬˵ɵȥǾԲܷġ
Լ˵ĻʱоһĲ˼飡
֪Լıģ  鿴׵ʦ磬ΣûôĹˡ
췸аϣǻҪܣߣҵҪôܡ
ɴ˿ҲǱŭޱȣ  ղһʵѾǳ׵ŭɽڶǿߣȻ˸ˣ
ȻʵѾǵɽڶ⼸ͬԼĴ࣡
ԼĴ±˸ŪˣԿ
ԥˣԥһܲһ
һԵʦ磬ҹԺұˣ˵ʵⱲõһˣõģ
˵һ飬ͬ
Ȼܸжһûеˣټһεˣڶ  ȻкܶźȻкܶΣΪһˣΪˣΪˣΪ̫幬ˡ
һжҪ飡  ̫ΣжôشҲԲΪ۵ġ
˿̣ԿԿóеһĨȺ͸ж
ΣʵһУж˵ݳƷ
˸жҲҪƴƴȥˣһһ˺úõž۵ġǳɹļŭҡ
ɵֳһ˿ɭЦ⣬˿аѾǸ߸ߵľٹͷ
Ⱥħ֮ŭ  
֮УһȺħһ㣬֮ǰҪ˺ܶ࣡  ˲䵲׵ǰ  ֪һĲ֮оͿԵĸ֪ĳ  ˿ɽߣһĵضɽҡ
ĵѾǳ׵  ¡  ǵһȥˣһԵӲı
顭
ЩѵĿųȥ飬оһַɶ˻һľ
û˿ԥ  ׸оԼһͻѾˣ
濴׶ݺݵ˵ɽڲûգĪҪҰװ˰
¡¡
ԶѾǳǵĵ˹ȥܿʧ˺ڰ֮У
ɽ֮Уһڰ׽룡  ˿аѾǻսһ𣬿ʵϵĲѾ͹˳  ȻսҲʮַḻаǸɱеɱ  һһʽ齥мܲס
飬ǰ㣡
ȥ֮ʣ׵ķһۣоȻһ˿˿֮ɫ  ֪ûлˣ  ֪׻ϣŵģ  ӣ˻һĲ
ʱ̣꣡  ķҲɱɢ  ܣ
ûҲԲɿ




1164½Ѫ
 

置ڣ
ֲϢѾӵ置ÿһ˵ƺ־η֮У  ͬΪߣܹܵĳɽ֮һֲϢ
ˣǡǱߵô˰˷ЩǵĿߡ
߳Ӧûµİɣ
߱Ȼ֮ȴΪĵǣ  ĺܺýĻҲܵˣܹܵĹɱŰϢǱ߲ϵս
ĹϢ
ΪĵľˣҪ֪ĹϢ˵鳤Լ׹ҳ϶㳲ˣ  ˶Ըһȴڻûзֳ˭ҲҪˣ
Ҫ֪置ڻΪεһˣ֮ǰħڵĹϽ֮£ѾǾ̫幬ˡ
а֮ʤʵϾǾ置˵һս  ϣܹսʤаɣ
ǴĿǰƺǺֹۣ
ղҸоһǿİϢƺ֮ǰаϢЩưˣ
˷˵Ҳ徳ǿߣ׹ʦ
Ȼֲܵ龳ǿߣûи֪֣  Ҫ֪ˣҲǶĴڣ
ֻ˶ǽΪֶѣԵǳ
߿˿һԵ˷縱Ψһİ취ǵȴĽ
ˡ˷Ļֻ˵һ룬һԵ߳İɣģ
Ȼô˵ߵѾû˵
á
߸׼һο˵ʱ˵ɴ۾Զ
һԵ˷ҲɫЩ԰׵˵⡭鳤ϵϢôһʧˣ
ѵ
ɫһĲ԰ף鳤ıаնɱĻľͻˣ  ˣҪȻǻǳȥɣȥ
˷һӣϵޱȣҲ֪ħôˣȥϾ
ааѾս˫ͬһݵľˣ
Ƚ
΢΢۾һɲõĸоӿͷ
置ŵĳɽ֮
ϢȻʧղаֱһǴ壡
һվʱɫѾԵò԰ޱȣ  ʦ磬㡭ôûߣ
鿴ŷԼףҲһĨĵ֮ɫ
׿ȻɣС飬Ҹ桭
ʦ磬㲻Ķ֣ԲĶֵģ
ײҲûл죡
ֱǿеĽ֮У
Ȼ׹ϵܺãǲҪˣһֻ׵飬һм׵֧ģ
ˣ
ɿͻȻʧЦ˼鳷սǾ̫ˣ
濴׵㡭ôôͿ
棬ɲкͿ֪Լܲˣɿ¶һ˿ɭȻЦݣܻϳҵҪǲҲϳأٺ٣ģаĵԺȥɽƷģ
ߣ棬ʵ֮䲢ô֣ѾѪǴӴԺҲûκεĹϵ棬㱾ɽ磬ҵס뿪ɡ
ֳնɽһһɵĸǰ
㡭
û뵽ʱѡ
ʵղǱ˵Լߵʱʵлһ˿˿Ĳмġ
Ҫܻ˭Ҫţ
׸ߣΪģ
û뵽һܻˣһԼѪǷһɵۼĴְ  벻ǣһﾹȻҪɣԼߣ
˵ʵٶȣҪӵĻɸԼҲǰѣ
ʱԼϢܲڳԼߺŰɣ  ڣ׵濴ˣ
ɿ׳㡭㾹ȻܹѪ⡭ôģ
Ѫ֣Ҳˣ
Ҫ֪ܹѪĻ᲻ɱǰˣǿɶǿüǱɰ
֪˸ûκѪĿԣŴɱˣҲΪԼϰ  ׿θɣ棬һֻܹһӵʱ䣬ܵܲˣǾͿԼıˡа㵽жô
ȡ壬ɱʣ  һƺҲ仰ĺ壬Ѿûκεǰɣ֪һԼҪ˵ˣ
ڣ
٣ǰֿϷûã
ɴ˿ƱǣаһҲǾǷһЦݣ




1165Σ
 

ݣ
ɵһߣĿֱָ棡
ףûзϣ棬Ȱв˸ˣ
Ŀǰļƻ
УѾһʱϣ  ᵣʲôأ
Ӱأ  аɵֶķֱȥ

ɵʶס棬Ȼﲻɽ磬ǿѹѾ㹻ˣ  ɽǰʵ綼Ҫ̮ˣ  ˣɽ֮ѾǱƽ˴룬ǵȳһ¶жˣ
ƴˡ
һһԼˣҲӭȥ  䣡
һ޴ײ֮𵴼һλ徳ǿ˲ܧû  У
ܵȳ֮ѾûڵֿɵĹ
أ
׵Ȩ䣬׵ķ˹ĿпѪ
ôڶθоһ
һΪǿߣڶȴΪɡ
˿̵ϱ鲼˺ۣǰһɼ˿ЩƤĸо  ʵǿĻղǿֲһѾĲˣ  ܹվߴѾǲеˣ
桭
׵дһ˿ķȻӸоһΣ  ̫ǿˣ  ״δһ˵ĻɥаɣȻ鴫  ɽڶĴУ˿кȻһЦ뷨ǵһǿߵжôǿأ  ʱѾ˼ôˣ  а֮ϵѪ¸£ɵۣ죬ʹ㿪ʼɽЩɵһĳΪаĵ¹
̫֡ǿˣ㡭Ͻߡ
˿ҲһĽ̫ǿˣȻղŵľٶǳĸж  жܹ׵  ȫߣӳȥһʱһ˿Ļᱨǣ
棬Ѿ˵ˣͳ˼ŵҩѸٵ뵽ĿУȻⵤҩԶʱָԭʵ棬߰ɡ
˵꣬κεķӦѾǳɵķ˹ȥ  Сӣװģıµͦ㣬ΪСӼ̳ĴоţˣǺǣûõģɲЩûõСϺףڹԹԵĸǩѪ˵ñһ˷ǡ
ҲʼѪ⣬ֻҪһ׳ѪǩѪĻôֶΪأ
ԼżɵۻǿΪСܣԺɽң
ݣ
һĽ׼Լʵ£
֪κεⶼӿԼĽ࣬Ȼı䲻Ľ
Բᣡ
ֻҪһ˿˿ϣͲնɽƺΪϣ
֪ϣã
а֮䣡  ɿͷϵĽмһ  һУնʽȷǺţСĿǰʵҪӳظܣ
նʽĵأҪ̺һ˿ܹӵĳһ
һ滮ڵϵ濴׵ӣҲǱһ˿ıŭ֮ɫ  Բģ
ɿ׺ٺһЦа֮䣬һһǧʮСӣúõܰɣ
а֮䣬ɵһŶžѧ  ˵ĥ˵µһַɽǿߣҲܲ˵ģ  һǧʮ
Ҫȴ˲ֻڵľ޾ʹĥ֮Ҳֻаħܹó  һ϶˼ʮ˿ڣҪǿֵĻ˿վûˣ  δδ
˳׵ĸ첲ѪȾеնɽ
Ѫ˳նɽĽĳŵϲϵĵ䣬·һ㣡  δˣֱĥ  һУԭһֱǳ˳׸оһĴܸУ  ̫ˣ  ǿߣǽϻһЩδ֪Ĵڣ
ͱ˵棬ΪɵĻҲԼһ޴в
ɾˣ  ǲᰴҵ˵ȥˣûôʱȥɣа֮䣡
˵ղʹа֮仹һ˿ϷʵĻôǶˡ
ɵΧƲ  ˿еаҲǷһҫ۵ĺâȴһѪĵ
ֻǶףƺҲһ˿˿ϸ΢ı仯




1166ԶļƷ
 

ɽ֮У  ԭѾƴûбҪ˵˷ʱˣ  һ￴ȥѾǱűľģ  ȻЩϧϾ⼸һɳʱΪսɽǾ̫ˬˡ
ãɱ⼸ˣԼԵõ  
ɽ索ռװλһĴڣ
˵ǰʱͿռķǵ֮µĺö
Ȼ֮ˣ  оֻҪõѾ׬ˣ磬Ȼõһʲôĸо  ֻǵ׼ʶѹ׵ʱȴԼʶȻܵ
˭
ҲһΪղŸоһɲѰϢ  Щоֲѹ֣ȴҲЩ߿ܣ  ̫Ѱˣļ˵֪ĿԼΪ㣡  ֪Լطǿߣû˱ʶҪǿûУ
ܻһ֮ȴָûˣ  ô£ҵʶȻ̽鲻СӵĴڣۿСӾ͸ʧһأ
ɵüͷԭҪնɱ׵ƺɻԴԣ  
׸ԼѪҺڲϵļ٣նɽԭԼշ˵ĶҲǱ練ƣ  ׵ɣһɵѹȻѹŶа
аȻоһ˿˿в֮⣬ŭһߣװŪҪ㵽Ǹʲô
ֻ֪˿̵ƺԼĿһ㣡  ڵѪҺϵڼ٣ȻоԼ֮жһ˿һĶ  նɽ  һ̾Ȼ뵽Լ֮УʵĿǰʵôõ˵ļƷ
ں֮⣬ĸûκεİ취
ʵûдﵽһж̸ģ
Ǿڸոһ̣ԵĸоնɽԼȻˣ  Ʒһˣ
һҲûĹʵɵаɽĻĿǰʵҪҲǲ̫ܣ  һʱ䣬նɽ䣬һɻصϢ置ڶ˿־֮У
Ȼһ˲һ˲Ѿ൱Ŀֲˣ
ƺۿɼٶţһпȥڴȫ෴ĸо
նɽȻˣһ龳ûзСӣȻܹһƷס
ɵųһOͣնɽ  Ѿǳ֪ڵõնɽûдﵽɵۼĲΣҪüƷѶҲ൱Ĵģ  һΣԸоóնɽ  һֻֿܣһնɽͶԵһնɽʵ  ͶԵǾԲŵģҪͶԵĻֵõڲͶԵ
Сһ֪ùܶεնɽˣҪȻҲô˳֣
Ҫ˵СӵʵǸӲˣ
СӵʵûǿأƷʲôΣ龳ĲΣ⼫Ʒ¿ÿһ۵֣

ʵⲻɲ죬һԵҲǲ첻ѣ׵ķ⡭⼫ƷȻˣ
죬Ҳ֪Ϊʲôɿʵ
Цһߣ֪֪θɣ
㣡
һû׵·쾹ȻҸԼô˵  ֱӻԼеаķն˹ȥ  նʽ  ʽֻأ  ײ֪ΪʲôôһָоԼܹʹնʽĵʽ  ʵ֪ǣ⼫Ʒո̺֮˿˿ÿӳնʽĹЧ
Ӳ֪ǣ⼫ƷȻʵϸ֮ǰõĪĹϵ  ݣѪ  ղ׵ѪʹѪϵĻ䣬ץնɽ  벻ǣѪǺһ˿ϢƷʼҲһѣ
Ѿûκˣ  ƷҲˮˣ
նʽĵʽҲӦ˶˵ЩɵĶȱһֲľ棡  ղֱնɱףѡа֮ĻҲ˵ľ棡  ˵ղҪɱ׺ף  ֻڳо죬ЩƲסľˣ
նʽʽ  ׺ʱҲüͷһٴУ  ֮ǰְȻɫѾǲӰͬ𾪵ȻһԵ棡
նʽɽҲǵ




1167
 

ЩĿɿڴĿǰһУ  նɽԶ  оһ˿˿Ĳм϶Ƿʲô֪飡
һʱ䣬֪ʲô飿  һĪĿ־彥ռģ
ɵа죬ʱҲֻң  ֮ڣ㲻ܹնɱ˵ĻǽҪնɱѶȿɾҪߺܶˡ
ɱﵣһʧЧʱԼߵ߲˻Ǹء
˶׵ͻȻ仯𾪵ˣ
һԵʵѾָ˲٣˵ɻ֮ʲˡ
ҲǱ׵״ˣ  أ
׵ΧռѾ𵴲ѣΧγһУ  ֮оȻֲͬɫ  һﾹȻһ˿ôܣ
һ˿̶Ҫˣ֪ԼѾˣ
ʶסףȴˣ  ֣  ǳ֣  ָоȴʿˮҲ̫аһ㣡  ΪһӵСа񡱳ƺŵӣһ˶ٵĹ£
ǼƷԶ飬ûа취ͣ
˭ܹ뵽׵ѪһͻȻ䷢˹Чأ
նʽֻأ
׵ᣬɵĶըһ㣬
֮䣬һ˵
ƺΧĳһ˲俪ʼת  һϢʼΪӿ
ֻأһ֮࣬˵˰ıˣ
ƺһ˲ЩƺԼһСС߽ĳɳΪɽ
һ˲䣬֮ãһ˲䣬·˶ֻأ
ֻһһֻأһƺҪնϹȥһնδ  һĴ׵ð˳Щ⣬ȴӦ
׸оԼһգǿţԼվˣ  նʽҲʵֲ  նɽһǧ  أ
ɸоԼϵѪҺϵļ٣ǵѾǷɱ
ɽ
ϢԽǽӽԽ˸оһֿ־壡  ɲֻ֮£ϽԼаֵһ֮ǰնʽǰʽҪǿ̫̫ˣ
ոսӴɵаΧѾ˲ı˿  ȻֻһͨͨĽִɵĸǰʱȴûĽӰ
ܿ죬㽫˽ȥ  ӣ
ֻһ뷨֪ԼٲߵĻпܱ⽣ˡ
Ҫ֪ǵλɽ㹥ǲʲô
ǣֻһ龳ڵǿߡ
ĵѾȫˣûκεĵ赲̺һ˿Ľ
վ֮ģ
ɵĨһ˿ľ֣׳ʿԼѡ
¡¡
ߣһɹɱŰĽѾǺ˵ĳķնȥ  ˿̣Ѿ˲ٵ˿ڣ  кȻƭ˵ģˣ
ΪɽɾȻˣŭһնɵʽӲȥ  ۣ
һѪѾ˳ɲԼˣֱӳɽȵıȥ  ܣ
ЦһʵҲЩ֧ŲסˣôŻŻһ
ϾʵϵĲʱֲģţ˿ͬһԲԼĶ֡
ڲ龳ڵ۷壬Ѿ龳ˡ
һ׵ߣĲˣһ˲ʧӰ٣
ҪٲܵĻ˴Ǿ
ղҪɱ׵ģҲ֪ʲô˼ҾȻʼɱˡ

濴Ҫȥ׷аҲǸϽȰ
׿˿ҲǿЦһİ棬ֻŻŻһ̫ǿˣ
ǰҲû뵽аɾȻ˵ǿԺȻǵĸ󻼰ûá
˿ҲһˣǻкܶĻ᲻ǣ
һʼһв  һӵնɽȻܼԦסնʽҲҶôˣ
˵Ҳǣնʽǵɽǿľѧ֮һնɽаɿҲǺѳԵ
΢΢һЦΣҲǳĲ  ԭѾ׼ԼǳĲ 
־֮£Ȼˣ
Ȼײ֪ʲôķԼģǻǻˡ
ֻлţܹӵл᲻  ţ棬ﲻ˵ĵطǻȻ置˵ɣһϼһɱҿ¶ûսˣ
׿Ҳʼϵһ˿ľˡ




1168һս
 

置ڣ  ׺׹ҳֵһ̣ĩ˴һӣ  ΪԼʦаûг֣ϢһӾʧˣ
ĩһĻ֣̿ѲһεɽɺΧɱֳ棿  ĩֱӴɢӣɾ
״˿Ҳûʲô˼ڹħڵЩˣǱŽ置ڣ
ʦ
㳿һɫҰ׵ģҲһ
ʵײΪգԲŻϵЩ˿ڵһִĿĵĸо
һԵϿ׵˿ҲǾĵ˵ˣû°ɣ
ڿɲԼԼŮ˰
һϵ϶ǸӵĹУ֮ǰ˵϶ֻصĻô׸һֱУ
ĵҲǹϣľ˭ҲҪĵġ
ߺ˷ҲǸϽǰǿ׵ӣĪ
֮ǰ˷Ѿ˵ķɣ
񿴵ģҲһϾš
ߵҲǷ  һ˽ӣһЦãûд󰭣ϢһӾͺˣ
⡭ղŵ׷ʲô鰡е̫ˡ˷ûסʵ
΢΢ֵаһѡ
˵ɣǸղһΪԼҪˡ
ΪնɽͻȻĻ˶޷⡣
һս  һսν׵õ֮Ϊҵһս  аߣ˵ѣ  ѾõĽˣ  ĵɲЩ״  ΪʵΪصһ˿ڷŵҩ
а
ҲһǵʵҲҪ֪Ľʲôģ  ׵аǲ鷳ˣʵСԺҲע㣡ȻˣӦòΪŵġ
Ҳ֪置ڸɵĿ꣬ĿֻһǾԼ
ڵаҲԼмɵˣ
ֻһʵ̫ǿˣһֱڻЩµĸо
ˣҵһСģ
Ҳһ̫幬û䣬Żˣ  һԵ㳿Щ涵˵ʦ㡭㶼˳ˣ˵û£
Цŵ˵û¾û£Ȼ˵ɣ桭
û⣡
ֱһץż˳ž̫幬ķֱˡ
̫幬
׻Ϣܿ촫뵽˵ĶУɵǿɫҰ׵ǱߣҲһľݣ
׳ϣ⡭⵽ô°㵵Ŀ׹ҵ
ǺǣһǿУ׹Ҵ˿ҲЩ
ǿУһԵҲ𾪵Ŀ׹ҵʲôǿ˺˰
аа
׹ҳаʵ֮ǰһ˿֮ԱѾʧˡ
Ҫ֪֮ǰݳл˵ֵʱЩмĸо
òһˣɽλڶ𣬼ɽ׼ҿ¶ǲĴڰ  ⡭аȻǸӦҲɣǻ鳤𣿡ʵ
鳤ЩֹĿ˵
׳ϣ˵
Ŀһ˱ȽأҪһʱ䣬ҲҪһЩʱյ
鳤϶ˣаأоǻˣаӦ֮ˡ
ֻһ׹ҵĻЩë
׹ҳˣ˵Ļȿ¶ˣ
⡭
Щ𾪵Ŀ׹ңҪ֪׹ҺʵʵҪ˻Ҫǿ
׳˵ȻҲˣ  ˣ鲻ҪǵģаҲͶˣʱ϶ǲҳˡ
׹΢΢һЦʵԴʹնʽĵʽ֪аѾǳ׵ûϷˡ
磬Ѿǲ̫ҸĽаˣ  һΪ׵һʹնʽлߣǽǿɾͲһˣ
ֻҲЩ֣׵ôɹշնɽأ  ףҪ֤һ£ô£
ߣҪҲûа취ȥʣϾɽ飬ܼ˵ĳأ  Ҫ֧ˣúõѯһף  ׹ˣ¾ͲϢˡ
ĵͷŵ鷳ˣЩʱմҲҪСĽһЩ
˽ǵͷ˵׺ˣҲǸ˾ӣ




1169»Ȼ
 

ڣ
׿׹Цŵ棬ǽٺ
˵ǶˣҪûĻĳѾˡ
׹ҿףҲ֪û׵ĻѾǱɸնɱˡ
ЦŵҲǶңǶնɽûնɽĻǿûлȥĻˡ
ˣҾǺһ㣬նɽɽ缫Ʒ̫ܰ
濴һɻʵ
׿Цŵ˵ǣһȻҲ֪ġԵʱҲһҲŸоЩԾ
оЩԾЩƵĿס
׵ͷѲɾûзʲôһĵط𣿡
һĵط
汻˵ЩȦˣһӻ᲻׸֮ǰʲôһĵط
ЦŵʶӦñҪǿɣ
ʶסҵʶȻˣô£濴ס
Ҫ֪ԭԸ֪׵Ĵڵģû뵽Ȼ֪ˡ
Ϊһֱһûз֣  ɵ˵ʶʱһӾͷӦˡ
ʶȻʧҲ̫һ㰡˵Ӧǲܵ飡
־Ȼ֪ײΪԼ߷Χ֮ڡ
۾֮ȴָô°
ǺǣҲһ̷ֵĲԾҲӦ֮ǰݡһµ
ʶ㣬̵㲻˵һˣԶԶԣݣ֮ǰ֮󣬾ȻѪҲ˵ʵѪ滹һ˿Ϣ
濴ҵ뷨ıϣ֮ǰһѪûжãûжãҲǳһЩû뵽
Ҳһĺ£ΪѪĻ͹˰
һЦ޾֮·Ѫһ˿ϢǿߣȻɽҲ񣬿ǲһƺѣ
ǰѪϢնɽɽ֮ôţҲţѪɣ
״˿Ҳ泩˺ܶ࣬ƣаǾԲðԼˡ
ɹڻأúõôͱԼˣ
׹ҲЦڿ϶ƵĲа
ЦŵҲһӦò֪׷ʲôҲܵôĿ졭
ˣܹշĻֻ˴ˣ׹ҳȻѣʼһĸ󻼰
һҲѾˣҪӦþԼʵûʵʵһжǰ׳
׿׹ҲǳûʵҲǻ˴ˣҪնɱûԣ  նʽĵʽķѵǳӴһο¾Ͳܹڶ˰׹Щǵ˵
Ǻǣ⵹ǲѣһռ·ѡʱʩչնʽʱ׶ĻôҪӿҲô׵ˣ
ЦһһȫΪ׺Ѿˣھ֮еһα  һ´Σɿ¾ûôˣ
Ȼ˵ʵҪŶսҲǽսսģֻҪսõõʵҲ£  ˵Ҫģ׺˵ǵĵնʽ  ׹ҵͷ˲°ɣ
棬ʵҲȫûбҪô֮ѪѾЦŵ
ˣĳ˿ɲ֮ˣȻ֮Ѫһлվɰɣ
ǰԼѪЩڻûѪӵĻһЩ
׿ҲЦŵ棬֮ҲҪ˵ʲôˣԺ󵫷õ׵ĵطֻܿھͺˡ
ͬĻҲ͸ĳ˸ǣҲЦŵ
ЦŵҴ׽飬ʱͻᰲĵҲһʱᣬʱ仹ൣ
ʱҵ˵㲻ʲô£ȥǣ
׹ҵҲν˵˵Ĺʲôأ
֮
װ㳿ϽУԼǳŽķֱȥ
뿪ҲһʱˣҲҪȥ
ܶҲҪճˣɵĵоһ˿ΣС
ȻҲûôĵǣԼļһвأ  ܹʲôҲǲ֪




1170¿óͻ
 

ͬ۴ѧ
׻صͬ۴ѧѾڵʱ䣬˵ǰܶ˶ײ̫˽Ļһȫ˽ˡ
һ࣡  ű˰༶ĺ棬ɶҲûûϿΣû¸־˳죬Ҳѵõ徻ˡ
ʦĽΣѾȥ˸Աְ
Ҳ㲻ǸʦһʵеĸԱѣ
ϼԼĸĸʲôģҲһ񾲵ĸо
ջҪԼߵģ׽ĻʱԼĸĸҲӦõġ
ȻˣյǸʲôûжۣ
ҪĿǰƽһ
ָ磬ϸɶȥ־˳׺ٺһЦʵ
ɶȥûɶɸɵģ£׿־˳Цʵ
Ҳûɶ£ҪȻȥưɻһȦҳôûȥưء־˳׼üŪ۵˵
СӾȻȥưɣǷ˰Ҵ̼׿־˳Цʵ
ɶָ磬ҾҪȥ⵽ɶţ˵Լһ˻治ȥҰʱưرҡ
־˳Щµ˵ߣȫöࡣ
׿־˳ЦŵаûʲôĻǾȥһȦ£˵Ҳûȥưɡ
ȥָ粻ɣҲûȥ־˳Щŵʵ
ǣİ׿־˳û˵
󣡡־˳ԽԽЩˡ
㣬վ
ԭ潲εʦҲʮֵƣСҲ̫Լ˰  ң
׿λʦЩӵ۵ӣҲָָԼʵ
ʵλʦе־˳ʦһУһﾹȻװģɶҲûпһ㣡  ׻ΪǽеԼԾͿ˿  µͬѧףҲ¶һ˿˿Ц⣡  ԣ㣡Ͽʱ죿ǲΪ㲻Ҫѧϰ˰Ÿʲôվ
λʦǽһҪһÿεʦJava̵Ľʦڣ
ȻȥᣬǾ־˳˵һʵǺǿġ
ʵǿ֮ˣһҲǸʮ㣡  Ҳûа취飬Щʱŵȷǻ˴ܶ಻һĸо
˼ǲˡ
ЩǸȻ˵ʵԼνǱϾȡ
ղ־˳ҲĵһЩղסĸо  Բλʦע⣡  ˣҾͲˣ̨
ڿһ֪ڸĵӣҲŭˡ
Ҫ֪һѧʦŭǶŵöµġ
һﵹã£һڸ֮ⶼûУȥһںӣܽܵˣ  ˵ˣһûмҲ֪ǲǱİġ
ڶԼı̹׻ǷǳŵģԼµѧ˳֮⣬Ӧûеڶ뷨ģ  ʦѾ֪ˣҸղҲеţĺܲ˼
׿ųһεķ˵ǸֻǸҲ
Ҫսսģڻûʸ  Լô룬ĳȴԼȨܵ˼ս
⻹ˣ
ҪԵѧһĻԺ󻹻첻ˣ
ŭһվûУһɵӣȥ֪Ǹö
ʦ˵עһ㣡
׿ųڣһ˵ҲԽԽˣдҲ˵ĵ˰ɣ
Ӵǣעһ㣿ղôעһ㰡ǲǾòѧ˰ѧԹԺϲӭ㣬һѧڵjavaˣ
ڿףҲǱŭѣһﾹȻȻսԼȨ  ʵЩ²̨̫һΡΡĵǸܹԭһ¡
һֻƤӶ˶˿ûг⡣
Լԭ޿ܣ  ׿ųڵҲֲ˵㣬˵ˣ̵ĶһûʲôȤѧһ㣡
ڣ
һŭ˲ȼ˳ڣԼ˿ˣһոеСˣ  Ҫ֪Ǳ̸֣ͬ۴ѧϵĵһˣ  ҪʲôģǺһ㣬ۼǵһǺ֣
˱һѧˣ⻹ˣ  ˵һ飡
أ
ŭһֱӽԼеĺڰŽ̨͵˹ȥЩ֮ɫ
һԿǰͬѧһǶ೤ҲرϤֻ֪ϿΣ
˶֪Լ೤Ȼôͣʵɶ




1171³·ӵͷ
 

һ࣡  ˿Щѹ֣ͬѧҲЩͬĿ˿ף  һԵ־˳ɫͨ죬ղŲҪװţʵںԼܲ
ֻû뵽ָ羹Ȼվˣ
ųڱŭӣ־˳ҲСָ磬𡭡һʶˡ
׵ųڣЦ˵ʵʦҪһĻҲûж
ߣ˵һ飡
ڿףһ̫ˣŵЩˣ  ԼĽ̵Ķһ㣿Ҫ֪ԼɶǽԼ֪ʶ̸ǵİ
кܶα϶ûеĶһﾹȻ˵һ㣿  ҪСӵţʲôطֱ
Ҿ͸ıһ°ɣ̵ĶҶᣬ̲ң˰ɣ
˵꣬ſڵķ˹ȥ  αҲǿϿɲϵģЩ˵ûκεѶȿԣ
ĵռ֮ɲţƣıͬҲǺޱȣ
վסҳڴѧϰڣû˸˵ҽ̲˸ѧأ
ڿҲЦˣЦ֮дŵĿɲʲô⡣
ͣ˽ŲҾһɣ
仰óסˣڱʲô֣
ףһİ೤΢΢һЦ
೤ּһҲܵ೤һΪأ֮ǰǿκܶˣһ͵ϵȥ룬ϲҵֻҪҳһ죬ѾͱҪҵ
ǳ׵ıˣ˿ҲѾϿˣҪſļһŪķģҲԼǺǵġ
Ǻǣʦ˼̵ĶҶˣһ˷ʱ㽲ΣЦһ
ŭȵ㶼ˣߣҵҪôᷨȥ
ʲôأ׿ųЦʵ
ʲôҸ㣬ڼӮҳڣҳھ͵ݴְ
ҲһˣǱһССĴһˣоԼˡ
ȥײβİ೤ţ
·ǣһǺԸİ˵ʵҲǷǳأ
ǰ˵ѧУߵĹϵǳĺãƸʦ
˳·ӣλִ೤Ҫùˣ
ͬѧҲ˽ͬѧԼĴڵ΢ƽһЩ  һ˸ʦţʦǲġ
ǳڲˣͦϲԼѧԼţ  ·ӣ  õͦģԴ˲⣡
ôˣˣղŴţƵľͷȥ˰
һǱԥҲһǰСӸԼĶ֣
ʲôͷ  ΪʲôôţʵԭļҲһ㣡  Դһιһ̳֮ ʵһ񼶱  䣡  䣬ǺڿͽĴ֮һһľӦͽˣ
˵һֱûչͽܣһʼҲ֪ڵǲ츳
Ҫ֪ѧϰ̣ɲκһ˶ܹѧϰģ  ǻһеģҪľǳǿ츳  Щѧϰһ¾УЩһӿܶתǲ࣡
ͽȻҲᶪԼ治ǣ  صؿ˿ڵĻŷһȷ츳ˡ
ʱ䣬ڵʵҲһҡ
Ȧ֮УҲС֣ͽ飬Ȧ浹ҲǺ֪ܶ
Գͬ۴ѧƸʦȽϵţǺڿ͵ǸȦ棬ҲԼĵλġ
ΪԼֻһͨͨĽʦľˣ  ˵ĿԼΪͽܣѧƸʦܹŭ  ˣǺǣʦῪЦΪʲôҪأֻ룬һҪӮĻͬ۴ѧʧһʦ𣿡
׵ĻȻ󣬿ڳڵĶȴôը
̫ˣһʵ̫ˣ  ʵϣ˵ôͱ˵ĻҲ㣡  ʵѾƿأ׿ųôǿƣҲҪѵһ£
ԸˣһĽ׶ǾͲԸôԸôˣ
úúãҳڽ컹ҪһλһķˡȥҵҪôӮҵģ
ŭɶͷҲصĳŻķ˹ȥ  ԭЩ˯λͬѧһҲǼֿɿܲ
Ҫ֪һͽܵĻֱӴ绰ŷٻٻˣʡĸһȥģ




1172Ҳҵģ
 

ͬ۴ѧ  ԭûпţǳˣⲻҲÿţ  Ҫ֪ȻֻǸʦĵλҲ֪ġ
ҪøС˼  ųڵĵǼĹԱѾѾЦеӭȥ
ʦǡԱųЦʵ
ѻ򿪣
ڵ̬ǹԱһƣҲǵﲻλʦЩ㬵ľȥˣ
ܿ죬һ˵ȾѾǾۼ˼Ļ֮ڣ  ڿ˵ô
ЦЦʦ⻹ûбأô֪ҾأҵǾĿԱҴܶأ
ǣŵҼŵӶûдһǵһμЦһһﻹԼ̲ˣ  һԵ־˳׵ָ磬·Ƕʶģ
ַҲǵͷָ磬ҿ˰ɣҲΪСӵ
Цŵû£һ֮ǳȥ棡
Ǹŭ˰СӼֱǲԼĽడ  Ȼȥ棿  ڴеһ̨Сӣ̨ķǽţ
ǷǽЩεĿ˿ڡ
СרԼǿһ㵱ڿ͵ĶϲЩ⣬һ㶼ֱ˵ĵΪ١
Ȼˣһ̶ǾͲʲô˵ˣĳʲôġ
ʵڿЩʱͷ۵ģЩֲʱǰɣ  һõķǽȻбҪˣ  Ͻģ֮ǰСҪˣӮھ㻹Сʱʱ䡭
Ȼһţǽõġ
ʵߵˣһҪƿķǽǷǳѵġ
ǽȻˮ׼һ֣ҲѾǲˣ  ׿ų΢΢һЦӸ㶨飬ҲҪôã
ӣ
סˣһﾹȻ˵ƿķǽֻҪӵʱ䣿  ԼʦߣҲ˵Ļɣ
ϾԼҲһϳʦˣһεŭˣ
ҪһҪƲԼķǽǸʲôı飿  ʱԼһһﶪ˶ҵͬʱԼרҵء
ŭԼӦľ  ˵ϣ׼ʼƽڵķǽ˵Ҫƿһķǽʵ̫ˡ
ӣǶǸˣҪ׷ȫĻӾܹ㶨ˡ
ֻЩ̫һЩѣ
⼸ӵʱ䣬ɲ׿ŵĹʱ䣬ǱصĹʱ䡣
һҲ̫˰ڵķǽ֮ǰüʦԹһûƽĿ
˵·ӿǺڿͽĸ֣Һ̳ҲӰء
˾ƾ׾Ҫ˼ңܣ
ҲҪ۵İλִ೤ȥѵʱôţ׻ϸѧôţ
кϷˣȻ̫ϲ·ӣļȷ
£һɫĿóڣѧʦ֮ĽһβԵȵĽ  ˳ڵǿ׾Ǵ̥ѧҲӦñȳǿɣ
һԵ־˳ַЩ̫ˣ  ָܴҲǮоܶ鶼ǿ԰ɹ  ǵУ׶ѾһĴˣκֻҪָǱȻɣ  Ͼרҵϵ飬רҵʦȻ֪ײܱɱϾǶ˵鰡
ڳڲмЦ֮ʣվ㶨
ɶ⣿
ڿѾǳ׵ƿķǽҳɹĽӹĹԱ֮˶ˣ  ʦǽûЩ򵥰ҪĽĵطкܶ࣬ҪȻɶֵĻʱɵеˣ
׿ųЩĳ˵ʵκεķǽ˵ѾС˼ˡ
ܣԲܣ
̫ˣ  ڸоһ̫ˣղǱžһٵĵʱ򣬳ڻһװأȫǣ  ƿˣƵĺ
׵ЦŪ˷ǽȻķǽҲҵģ
㡭ҲŪ˸ǽߣھ
ǸרҵԵ˲ţϲУƿ˷ǽ֮һҲ˼飡
Ūǽ֮ҲǼæ  ܿ죬Ͷ뵽ƽ׷ǽս֮ˣȻ²̨Ҳ׳Լ  ʮӡ
ʮӡ
һСʱ
ʱĳڣѾͷ󺹣оԼʹ˻ȻҲûκεķƽ⡣
ѾһƬɧ֮С




1173
 

ͬ۴ѧļ  ڴ˿̾ħһ㣬׵ҲǶһЩͬˣ  ˵ʵԼˣʵǷǳֵصġ
ΪмͿԿޱߣЩˡ
ôҲǸһĽѵӹʵͦ˵ġ
κһרҵоп̿ˣʵֵصĲ
׻Ҫ˲ţҪ˲ŵݶʦֻŻԽԽǿ  ׽磬ʵҲҪԼ֮ǰ׻һЩ  Ŭȥ  ʱһһĹȥԭȴЩͬѧҲѾЩˡ
ʵiһڿΣһڴεʱѾȥˣ·ӻǱоء
ûг֮ǰ˭Ը뿪أ  Ϸݴ˵뷨  ְ೤ôѲǸŲɣļţ
ֲһһֱϿΣ˼ɶ
ԺҪǳȥҹĻǻô
˼ǰɾѧԳ˼ѡͬ۴ѧʵأ
µͬѧⷽǽһ찡˵ѾΪǵİˡ
ԭǻױɣȫ  ЩȻĿŵԵĻûа취ûа취  ܹ뵽İ취һ飬һͷĲӬһ㣬ǱҷҴܣ  ˼ķûƿǽƼ򵥣ʵı仯ǳĶࡣ
һСľͱȥˣ
㡭ȷ
ڳ׵ˣ֪Լûˣƽ˼ǽôأ
ʵϵĲѾԶ׼ˣ˼ƿˣԼȴһֱͷƲ
ǺǣʦҲҲЦŵ
Щƣһַ̣ߣҾҸ˰ǽŲţ
˵ʦûбҪɣ׿ųʼ
һͲôҵ˶ƲķǽǽΪԼиǸ
һִŵˣСʲô̶ȡ
ԼûƽĿԼʦأ  ҪͨԼʦѹһѹ磬ʱԼѧУô죿  һѧνļϵĵһˣǶ˶Ѽˡ
ǸͲˣԣҿԵСʱЦŵ
һԵλͬѧΪӣҲһĳݣ
Ǹʦ˵ʱɶǲΡΡ֣˼׸ʦ˵ʱ Ȼ޶ʱ䡣
ڵȰСʱǿǶôԵһ仰  ѾʼҪԼܹ˵ĻǸöð
ڵͷУСʱԣ
˵ĵ绰ѾǴ˳ȥ ֻʾһʦˣ  ׵ĿһƲ˿ڲδ˵
ʦС°
ڶŵ绰ͷ˵ԵǷǳأʦܲ  ڹҰȫ߹ҲǴһССĺڿͣͶ뵽˱ȥˡ
ڿ͵ļȻû£ǰЩƻ飬Ҳǲˡ
յͽܣͽܻǲġ
Ҳ֪ڽˣԼͽߵ;Ҳο
С°£ϰأЩͳ
ʦֵ飬иѧʵܲȻҵķǽŪ˸ǽҡ
ڸоһɫͨ죬Ͼôͬѧء
ΪʦȻҲǸоЩˡ
Цŵͷֺܶ࣬ѧδؾͱʵҵͶС𣿡
ǵģʦǡ
ƣȻ֪˵ĻеģǱһѧô˵ˣ϶˵ȥ  俴ųڵƽľˣʤ˱ҳ£Ǻڿͽ粻Ҳһ𣿡
磡
ľǿҪȳƢҪúܶˣĻߵĳɫЩ죬ʵҲ֪Լ˵Ҳ⡣
ʵǿ˼ᷴ˼ˣͷԼһЩ顣
ˣ֪绰ĿģǲҪҰ㿴ܷķǽ
俴ųЩĬӣҲǻһתЦʵ
ʦҡҾ˼Ա߻кܶ˿ء
˵ԽԽͣ±ҪıĻǶ˿ɾͶ˰
аɣҰ㿴ԭIPַɣЦʵ
ţѧУʦ˼ҳ϶ûİ
ڴ˿ҲЩüЦʦˣһӦǳˡ




1174¸оԾ
 

ĳأ
Ű࣬ǵϴŷٻٻ  ȻŷٻٻʵǼ࣬˵ûǸߣϾǸĳ  Ǳߴŵ绰ŷٻٻЦŵ˵䣬ָСͽǳذ
ģ˵ѣһѧˣ΢΢һЦ
ӦҲʦ˰ɣôᱻһѧˣǶ˰һԵȸҲЦŵ
ʼⶫ˵ҪȥѧĻǰʦÿ˰
˵Ҳǣһѧڻܣ治ʲôʵ飬Ҿһ϶ǿˣ
ŷٻٻһ뵽ֳԼҲЩ̲סЦ
俴˵˵λͽܶǾôİʦ鰡
䣬㿴ֲܹǰɣ⵹ùߵͽģֲģ˵զ죿ΨгЦ
һԵİ׻ͻȻðһ䣬Щģ
ŷٻٻЩЦˣԼĶӵȥͽܰɣܲˡ
ҲЦվҲҪһѧǶô
ĵԴ򿪣Ѿͼͬ۴ѧĻǽǲСһҲûȥ
˼֮ЩƵ˵ȥǸְ
ȥ
ԭЦŵҲǽɫȻ䶼ȥˡ
Ǽ˵ʵɶǷǳĲģʵಢ
ʧܣζ˵ʧܰ
ŷٻٻЦݽֹס䣬Ϊʲôȥ
ԭΪǽúܼ򵥣ڲŷֺ񲢲ôװúúõоһ¡
ɫҲûôĻš
ǽȻѶȣѵǣ  ˵͸λҲȥ⵽ţ񰡣
֮ǰЦ˼أʱԼ˶˰ȸҲһԳ
ŷٻٻӦûôţ⼸Ѿ׻ߵˮ׼ˣһѧҲڵġ
˵Ҳǡ
Ҳǵͷ˿칫û˵ˣȡ֮һžû̵  ʱһһĹȥˣʮӵʱ䣬Ȼûһȹ̨ȡÿȨ  ȥǽӦúܼ򵥰ôÿεͺԹһأ
Ҳһа˰һﵽôİ
֮ǰСͽܣһ¶˰
˵λӰѾ˭ܹ˵
Ҳһƣʮӵʱ䣬һȴûƿǶ˰
Ҳǳһ˿˿ϸ˵ʵԲ򵥣
ʲô㵹˵
ŷٻٻһƢһӣҲǼˣ
λǽǲЩʶ
Ժ֮оȻðһ뷨뷨֮ǰúܿЦ
˵뷨һȷǻӰģʱ룬Լ뷨ԽԽȷˣ
ƺҲ뵽ʲô⡭ⲻַ֡ɣ
⡭ôأ˵ͽܵѧ𣿡ŷٻٻ
ͽĸѧУİǻ֪ء伱æʵ
ͬ۴ѧ
˿ҲʲôһѧȻ
Ҿ˵ͬ۴ѧһ뵽ߵʱҲ亹
ɣҲͬ۴ѧôɣŷٻٻҲʿˮֱʵĻҵǾûɶɶ˵ˣ
һԵȸҲʼͽܵĻĲ֪˵أǲأ
Ȼ˰Сܹо͸ǽĻǿ˵ʵһأƶ˵
ͷǽʵƣѵǺʱ䣬ʵһѧϰḶܹ́͸Ļʵ϶ǲСġҵǾӦΪ֮ɡ
ǣλզ찡ЩεĿ˵
ȥ绰ͽܰҲôҷɣҪͨȥӣһҪզ
Ͻ˵ȻеĵλѾǳˣ  ǰ䣬СӻɶأʱˣǿɶǳԲ˶ߵİ
ŷٻٻһпףҲһ  ͷѸٵ绰ͨ˳ڣСǹİ




1175ĳ·
 

ͬ۴ѧ  ڽĵȴţǵмڹͬ۴ѧļȴ޲ߵʱҲǾˣ
µûĻӦþԼʦ˰  ˭û¹һУ԰أ  ʮӵʱȥˣһķӦûа  ÿһֵĹ֮󣬾ͺϪ˴һ㣬ûκεĺۼ
ˣѲԼʦҲûа취
ĻСӵжôǿ
Ҫ֪׻ƺڿͽ繫ϵĽ˵Ĵڰ
һĵ绰
һԼʦ˵绰Ҳǹ˲ģϽ˵绰
ιʦ
һͨ绰Ѿ̹䣡
С£Ǹѧʲôְ
װɡ
ȻҲʵʵ˵˵ҲǸո֪һ֣
֮ǰո֪׵ֵʱ򣬾֪СӲ֪ο˶ٽˣҿҲ֮е飡  ֻû뵽СӾȻͦǿģ  ֡ףȷ𣿡ҲǶһ£Ĳ²ûдȻװ
ǰȷʦô˰ЩƵ˵
˵Ļ㲻Ҫκεţ֪𣿡
⡭֪ˣ
ԴǵӣҲĵ˵
ԼʦЩС˰һѧѣѲԼʦ
ԲܰҪ֪Լʦǿ׻ƺڿͽ伶ﰡ  Ѳɻһһ  ̾һС°ǽҸĸһҲƿ֪˭ô
⡭ҡҲ֪ھĿԼѾǷһ㣡  ԼʦȻ˵Ʋܣ  Ҳ֪Ϊһ֣ҲǷǳҪģԼʦôܵԼԼأ
ǿѾȴĵز
֮ǰһҸ㽲׻Ƶľ⵽㻹ǵðɣҵʱ˵һ
ʦǡ
ھڱס˿Ҳɫ¶һ˿˿֮ɫ  ˵Ļ̫ǿ̫ǿˣǿսڿǰλţﰡ
ǳĿһĴڣ
һһ㶼ԩһŪǽֻҪ͸˵Ļʵﵽζûģ
ҲǴţʵڵʵҲǲˣԼһЩġ
һҪܹóǽĻǾǸһ¥
ʦ㡭ûƭҰɣ
ڷˣоԼҪˣȥСӣȻǸˣ  һ뵽֮ǰʦԼһĶǵսҲѪȰ  û뵽˾ȻԼĸǰһԼѧ  оԼˣֲ˼֮ǰôţ棬ûаԼа
ԼţƺģѾҪ˼Ҵڽˡ
ô˵ѾǺ޲ԼҸطȥˡ
ЦŵȻŪǽȥоǾ˵ûй˼Сˣŭ˵Ļ㣬ǿҲ
˼ܼˣһﻹˡ
Ȼ΢˵ˣҲһĥˣԺʵֻԽԽã
ڿЦһʦǡڡ
ˣѵ绰ɡ
ʵҲƣ¼ôɺϡ
׵Ҳû뵽һﾹȻͽܣ΢˵˵Ҳ͹˵绰  ʵҲûֳڣһһĿռ䣬еӣ  ֡֡һӲ֪ʲôˡ
Цŵʦڿ˰ɣ
ɡԣȻԣ֮ǰҲԣԭ¡ڷˣ׵ķˡ
һԵЩѧҲǾˣ·ӾȻһþ
װڰֵʦʵҲû˭˭Ѫ嶯һЩġҲǲʶ˰ɣҲ֪㾹ȻͽܣҪ֪ĻͲô鷢ˡ
ǺǣллллǸ֡
ڴ˿̵̬ѾǷ˾ޱ䣬ǰĿĴ񼶱ﰡ
ʦ£
׿ųµӣҲЦʵ
ҡԺܸܲѧѧ̰
һ仰һһ඼ըˣǰ仯Ҳ̫ˣ쵽ǶЩˣ  ЦŵʦȰǽо͸ˣʱһһһЩĴȥоģ
ллǡ߰
ڵЩ̿ҲЩ˵Ŀɰ֮  ׺־˳뿪ߣΧҲһľ֮




1176־˳С˼
 

ȥıӰһǰҲǷˣ
ײѧ˼ҵļ·ӶˣҪ֪·ѧУûзκ˵˰  ׺־˳߳У԰
ָ磬ţưҸղŻΪҪأ־˳Ĵָ
һԵַҲǵͷָ磬治֪㻹ʲôǲģ̫ǿˣ
ЦŵǺǣСһһ͵Ҫʲô
ָ磬ģַһݵĿ׵
־˳ٺһЦַһȥư棿
ưɣ
ַüͷϾѧưֵط˵ǲõĴʣ
־˳ַü˵ַСӲҲûмʶ˼ȥͺˡ
ưûȥûԹ⻹ûм𣿲˵ưҲǷֵֺܶİ
ַ־˳Ҳ֪һΪʲôҪȥưˣ
֪һҾưɾͺܲģ治ô֣ǺȺȾֵ֡
־˳һޱȵ飬⵹׵һ˿ɣ  ҪһڿϸԼ˵Ҳڸڷĳͻ
ղһﻹ˵һζûȥưɣھȻ˵ʶһҲľưɣ
ǰԲģ˭ҲǺ֣  Ŷﰡ׿־˳ʵ
ָ磬Ҹ˵ϼ·118ŵSUGERҡɣ־˳̵
˵־˳Сڸ·ǰɣ
׿־˳СӵЩȻèġ
һԵַҲǻȻð־˳СǶƭǰɣ㲻˵ûȥưôȥϼ·ѾҲסǱߣǱȥʲô
ҡҾ˵
־˳˸ʵ⻹ȥġ
װڰֿ־˳־˳ֵ֮ͲҪҴˣҪʲôѻʲôĻ˵ˣ
ǣָ˵⡭ɣʵҡǸ
־˳Щ״ε˵ţϸû˵ûж
һԵַüͷ˵СӲŮ˰ɣҲҰҺѽܸ㣬СҪ
õõãַҾ֪˵ҲΪʲôһֱ˵ԭʵɣһеϵ
־˳ַ̾һ 
ַŭһСҪˣԺǶϽл˵ƨţ
ָ磬㿴־˳ƵĿף׳־˳̸ˣ
ûУǱôòð˭û־˳ƵĿ׳
Ѿ˵ĳǸСûһʵַŭһ
ȥ˵˻ǰǷҪǲǰ֮ʶ˰ҡ
־˳ǽһư
㰵Ů񵽾ư˰ûбҪ˰ѲҪ˼զΰҿɸ־˳Ҫȥҿ϶Ǹ߻诣
ַһûô֮ͬģǲܸ־˳ɫˣ
һԵЦŵַҲǲ֪־˳ΪˡһӦʲô֮㿴˵˰춼ûи⣬Ҳˣ
ַһЦҲԣ־˳Сҿ˽ģ͵޹ϣѹҲû⵨Ӱ˵˵ɡ
ˣҲˣ˵˵˵˵ɣǰеʱһŮҵļҾҲ֪ģ˼ҿǸͥ
־˳ʼĽĹ£  Ůӡ㣬־˳ĳмӸͬѧķǳƯǳĲʱѧУ׷Ů񼶱
һιȥʱ־˳Ȼ֪ӡȥưСˣ
Ҫ֪ưֵطʲôطСһȻһǮѧ
Ҳ֪ĲǺ־˳Ҳûʲô뷨Ҫܲܰϵʲôæ
˵СӲǮ黹ȥʲôû˵
ǹѪĺܣ־˳ЩĿŹģ  һԵַǣСǹˣԺ͵ûѣ
־˳ַ׵Ҿ֪ǻôңֻǴҪæ˵ܾ֮ﲻþҪʲô뷨ĻԼһȥˣҪһȥ
ǣ˵ҲеЦŵСӲҪȥæɣ
ָ磬֪İҾʲôģϾŮˡʵһΰҪҲΪ˸мһӡ㣬ָ硭
־˳̾һЩ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ׺ַ
˵һģмë߰мַƵĿ־˳
־˳ЩƵ˵˵Ҹһ࣬־۸֡Ϊ˳˺üͷҪȻΪΪʲôҪֻǾǸˣеɡ




1177ѷ
 

SUGERҡɣ  ڽϼ·ǽȽϷһ飬ֵĵطҲǷǳĶġ
ưɲֶʮľưɣԱȽһġ
Щ˷ϲıЩ˷ϲûֺȺȾơ
ҡɾΪһȺ̫ϲֵ˶רľưɣⲻñЩʮľưҪ
ҡڽҲǱȽϵĳǸߵưɣ  ׺־˳˽ʱѡһ  ķܿΪһЩƼ̲裡
˵־˳Ҳû˵Ǹ˰
ַɨһȦֻ֮һҥǱ߳裬û־˳˵ʲôŮˡ
Ů˵ͦ࣬ȥҲЩį֣  ףӦòİϢһСҵģ־˳ҲɻĿ˿ΧƺûӡӰ
׿־˳˵־˳æǿԵģϾ˼㡣ÿ鶼еߵġ
˵⻰֮ԼҲһ죬ԼöŮˣڸʥһڽ̻ˣˣ
ҲǻοϾߵ·ͬ  ־˳׵ָ磬ͷİɣڸһܿģǱ˴Ҳͦమġǲʲô˼ģֻϢҡ
˵ˣҲˣҪǷСʲô˼Ļѿɶû˰
ַҲԴǵ˵ɲ鷢
־˳׵ָ磬ʵһѾоǳھˣһұҲǴܰһһġ
鲻ҲգСôôأַƵ˵
׿˿ַˣ־˳һܵ˵ͦԵģҪô֪ͼĻҲϲ
˵ҲǣǸ㲻СôµġǰŮѾˣⰵҲܡַҲƵ˵
ˡ
־˳ھưɵ̨һСٵŮˣҲ˷ܵ˵
ղַЩѹûýȥ  ַƵ˵ãֶţˣ
ҲЦС˿̨ϵǸŮ쵰ӣС졢磬ȥͦľģĸҲûһ׼ڵŮˡ
СӳĲզΣϲŮ˵ǳĶַͦӡҲЦ
һҺһ־˳ףƺЩѯʵ˼
һѾ֪˼ҳʲô飬ô
Ҳԣ
־˳Цһ￴ȥǱ֮ǰ˷˺ܶࡣ
ӡӦǶСĸߵ裬Ͷ֮䣬ȥޱȣ  ʮſ˴ԪСѣ
һưɺһ£ʵҲһ֡
ʵӡСѣһµҲвٵġ
ӡͣʮǱľһлл
٣ӡС㣬ȱơ
ǸǱߣһվǳĴ
ǸӵԱߣһŽ˿۾ӣȥʮҡ
Ӿ˿еܣƺӡЩжӣ
⡭
ӡüͷ΢΢𣬿ǿҲܹǲʤ
ǼȵȱǮÿһǮ˵ġ
ٿǮҪŮȱƣҲ̫һɣ
ܵԱߣʮһſһԭŵģ
᣿㾹Ȼ⣿
Ǹܵ΢΢üƺǰеð  ӵ˼˵㿴ӡСôˣҪӡСȾƣ԰Ǯ˵
ߣᣬҪˣ˼
ӴӴҿûиԵ˼ᵥһ˼мҵ˰ɣ
¶һ˿Ц֮ɫһﻹ֪ܰ
˲֪ỹ֪˼˼ӡȷǳĺܳڡ
Ҫǣ˼ʵ֪ӡ㲢־ưɱݳӡӡʵҵ³ӡ踣飡  ӡʵҵ군ˣŮȴһƷ
еѷ˲缦
˼Ȧģ˭ûõŮˣ
񼸺ÿ춼ߣǰһֱǾͣ˼ǰסˣȻҲ  㡭Ҳ˵ˣڰأҵûйϵɣ˼
ٺһЦӡС㣬ּ˰ҳǧСѣݳˣҹһɣ
ӡһĸоԭδˣʵҪľϣȻˣ
ǻһı˺̧۸ŵĲָˣȻȱǮ




1178¾ưԴ
 

SUGERưɣ
׵˾ǱԹۣ־˳ЩͲס׼
Ϊó˿̵ӡɫЩѿҪ֪ǰӡһŵĴҹ㡣
⻢ƽȴҤһıǺۣȳ־˳Ҳһ겻ѡ
ʵϣ־˳ҲΪţԼӵ۵ˣܲ
ˣܶʱŶǿǮѻģ
־˳ʲôַ־˳ҷСԽԽԾ˰ôΰ˵ָҰƽô᲻ˣߡ
ַһ־˳ӾͷǳĲˬΪһڵΪڱԼĺѻ诡
Ҫ֪诿Լܸ־˳ģôҲǸý˰ɣ
ַǼǱ߿ɻиأǾýù꣡  ͦɻģ־˳ͻ诳˫Ե̸ɾǱŽȥġ
ҪС;ʲô۶ӵĻɲӦģ  װڰֵַҲ˵ˣעķִˡСʲô۶ӵĻǵʱʰҾͰˣ
ָ綼ô˵ˣ㻹ֻǿӡ㱻۸ˣҿȥѣ
־˳Ƶ˵㲻ǱģͳӡԼͬѧҲİɣ  ʵĶӡûʲôоˣֻǵ߶ѣ
ãָʱ㣬ָ֣磬˵զ죿ַʵ
Цŵȿʲô˵ɣǹҲǸһ·ΧģưʲôҶ֪
ʵԼҲûưɣ֮ǰλ˼ҪԼȥҹģûȥ  ǵһߣȥҲϡƽĽ  ʮһſ
˼ɫ൱ѿῴǸԼˡ
˵ҵĲҲǱȽϵۺģ˼ҶǴ»еӹģ۹ǿ϶ûġ
ӡϵӡ踣֮ǰҲеӹҵģֻһεĽΣǰδе  ҪȻӡôĵĵط׬ǮأΪطǮԱȽϵĿһЩԼҲǸѧ
ǧ飿ᰡᣬǸҸˣ˼Цһ㣬ʵһֱͦĽĲŻҲ֪ǽѧԺһȽȽǣļҲͬ飬ҳһô
Цһҳ㣬Ҳϲܾˣ֮ÿ춼ʵҲģֻҪԸ⣬ҵĶĶ
ߣᣬҪԵˣ˼
ῴ˼˼㻹ǲҪţ۲ݵҲóҽʮ꣬Ѿˣ˼˵ģ˵ˣ㻹ûأʲô⡭
㡭ҽʮһѣʲôͱˣ㣬Ϲ˵飬Ѿˣ
˼ӡЩվʵΪӡġ
Ҳһ棬ԼҵλͲҪˣӡҲǣΪԼĻˡ
ôҲû뵽·Ȼɱôҧһ  ᣡ  Ҫȥһж˿飡  򣡣
ƺЩô˼۸ҲԽԽߣ
ӡоһίĺҪǮֻҪԼ壬ʱʲôأ
Լĸĸڱܼ尾ΪǵŮЩֻܼѣ
˶ʮĿʱ⣬ʱҲӦΪԼĸĸһЩ׵ʱˡ
򣡣˼
ῴ˼һЦģʮԼİŮ˶᲻ûǮ
ʮ򣡣
̼֮˼Ҳǳ׵ŭˣӵһЩ  ϾͰߣѾѪĳ嶯κ鶼һ룡  룬ͻоЩ̫ˣ  ʮ򣡣ٺһЦҿʲôͣ
ʮܳĸߣ޻˵˼Ŀᣡ
ļޣȻҪһӶ˵
ˮܣĺĲᣬһӳߣ
ʮ˼ǲв
ˣʮǮŮĻ᣿ԼˣǲŻᱻЦء
׷ŮҲô׷ɣҪȥĻڵۣҲͻӻٴξͽˡ
ӼۻǲӼۣ˼˷ԼĽ˿۾Ȼ
Ҳ֪ʱʺϼŭᣡ
һǸ˵仰ѣеġ
ã㣬
˼ЩʵϽĿĴﵽ˶Ҳˡ
ԺỹԼǰ񣿣
һΣҲκεĺӡ˰ɣ
ӡ㻺ĳԼ߹ʱ˵Ҳǵõ˼㣬һС
ʮһ򣡣
˼һһϲһҳʱ򣬽洫һƲȴŵ




1179°سɷ
 

ԭľư֮УĿⶼǼ˼ϣ
ưԴ׵ɲŮʱ򣬺ܶ˸˼Ѫһ˷ܣ
⻨ʮһС椹ȱƣۿȥЩ̫һЩ  ʮʲôɲˣ
һŮȾƣ˵ʵͷŮĺܶ࣬Ը⻨ʮȱƵȴǳ١
ӡ㲻֪ԼӦøأӦñأ  ɾ׼ȥ˼Ǳߵʱһ˳ԭѾ׼ȥӡͣסԼĽŲ
һ˹ȥ־˳ǱӡģҵƹȽϵĻ谵
ȻĲѾת˹һӻĿ
ӡŵǸԼף˿ǸӣҲЩĿ˹ȥ
ʵ˵ǮԽȻԽõģ֪ǮһķΧʱ򣬻пܾҪ۵ġ
Ѳ˼ҪʮһƲɣûɵӣ
Լӡʵҵļ̳ˣ⻹пܣ֪ԼѾûκֵǮĶˡ
һɱϢͷţӡԼôţ  ˼˿Ŀ£ոջᣬû뵽·ɱ˸ˣ
зޱȣ  ʮ۸ѾǼˣֻǺȱʮ϶ǲֵġ
ʮ򻨳ȥɲΪ˺ȱô򵥣ʮ򳹵׵ĽɨسţûиԼʸ  ʵղѾˣֻһðˣ
Сӣ˼ףг˺⡣
׿˼ЦŵҲû˭涨ֻλСȱưɣǲ˼ҲȤ
˼û뵽һк˰עûϷ˰
гϷʵζղԼе㶪ˡ
ôһĶѾ׵˾⣡  Ӵǣﻹְ
һŰӴӰ̨һ˳ȥӦĳͣ  ܣôˣһȱư
˼һˣҲվȻ˵ݲͣҪȻҲԲôĿġ
˽سɷ壬ϼĳ˾ܾ
ʵسɷȻʶسɷøسɸ׾Ϥĺˡ
Ҫ֪ʱ׸سɸջһЩͻء
ֲģ֪һسɸյĹϵأ  سɷ忴˿˼˵ܰղ⺰ۺʲô
ܣ⡭˵ЩݰҲ֪ҸҪˣֿ˸Ů
˼Щ˼ĿŰسɷ
سɷһֵŮ˶ҵưˣɶûɫ
ӡС㣬Ȼû˳۵ĻǾȱưɣ
ֻǳ˼Ǳ΢΢һۣȻӡ΢΢һЦ
ӡ㳯׵ķ˹ȥϴһ֮ɫȻϻһЩ
Ȼ¶ı飬ʵЩ޷ƣ  ׿ԸоóŮĵַŭҲЦЦ
ȷһŮ˴Ӹ߿յ䵽ȵףĸо˭Ҳ޷ܵġ
ưɣλܸŵҥ֮⣬˵Ŀⶼ⼸˵ϡ
ţҰسɷ廹û˵˭ˣ
سɷ建˼Ա˶ȣһԵһѾǽѾеѩѷ˰سɷ˫֮䡣
һ֮󣬰سɷ
ܡ
˼Ҳû뵽سɷ徹ȻӡͣǱߣʵоԼҲ൱Ķˡ
ǸŮˣһʱûSUGERƷζƺЩ˰ŮǴʲôطİо
سɷƺģһ㣡  ʵϣسɷҲҾưɱĹɶ֮һҲΪʲôһֱϲưɵԭ
ӡʵҵϰӡ踣Ů˼ǱСֹ˵
Ѱ˼ôܶһյĸȤأյͷС
سɷ޼ɵ۾һֱӡ㣬ƺԽԽио
׿ӡӡС㣬ˣôǣ
أ
ĸСSUGERô˵
سɷԭ˼ţӡͣ˽ŲҲΪ⡣
˳ΪĲǸ
սӺ͵ߵĻȻǻἤŭǣ
Цһ׳գ
سɷվ˾ͳ׵ķ͵ĳ˹ȥӡ㿴ΣԭҪԶǷ֮ء
ɵһ̧ͷʱȴһϤӰ




1180յ˼
 

־˳
ӡЩ㵵ĿŸղǸмӵԱߣȻԼĳк͸ͬѧ־˳
ӿֳһĨ֮ɫ  û뵽ǸЩСȴƷѧŵ־˳Ȼط  ʵӳеʱӡЩע־˳ǸʱΨɼۣ  ־˳Ȼࡢͥ涼һ㣬ѧϰɼܺá
ڳеʱ־˳Լһ˵ͻ죡
Ȼ˸У־˳۸ӡͥãҲǰ༶еٮٮߣʵǿȥͺǳЩˡ
˵־˳ʵû˵仰ڸ߶ѧڵʱ־˳һŮߵһ֮󣬼ûκεĽˡ
ӡôҲû뵽SUGERưɣȻԼͬѧ  ΪŮӡȻǲҪ־˳Լǵӡ
־˳ʵκһϤˣӡ㶼Ҫ
ӡ֪־˳Ѿ֪Լһļ尾
¥  ˭
سɷŭߵ׵ĸǰС̫ĲԼ˰
ȥѧһҲЦһ  ͷеǮѧ̫ˣһóʮ椵Ļ治ࡣ
ֻǮΣسɷɽ죬ǿǮѻ
Ҫ֪ؼڽĵλҲǺܲģȻ˵ǺţƣҲܹϲȦˡ
ȦĻЩȨ֮лǷǳӵġ
Կ￴ȥɵСسɷȻҲŹһ԰ڵĻᡣ
׿Űسɷ椣ҲҪʵġȳģҪ֣ǺǣһΪЩڲͬأ
  ײЩ˶֣ľǱ֮ǰҪ߳˺ܶ࣡  ˰֮ˣɲĴ벻ҪֵĻҲԲģ
ӴǣëûгȫأǲСܣզ°ڶ¸߶ˣмۣ㵱SUGERǰļԺ
سɷһ˵˼˵ĸܣ˿̵ӡѾǻվһԿˣ  ⡭ܣСӷҪŮˣ͡˼Щ˼˵
᣿سɷ峯ź濴˿
ǺٺһЦܣ棬棡Ҫ֪˵ĻҰ
СʶడسɷЦЦȻ׵˼ѣСӸҸӰŮøܣҿԵʲôûз
ǺǣڱȽеһԲ͸㣬ҾûͦʵġЦһûǮǾͱѧű˽мۣ
˸ۣȻ˵ûǮҰسɷݺὭô꣬ǵһ˸ǰ˵
سɷЦˣЦĺܿģСӻǸͷడԼ˭֪Ȼ͸˵ԼûǮ  ʮниǮ  СΪԼóʮͲ֪ʲôߵغˣ
ǺǣܣҪҿ϶ǿȥˣ
Ӻ˳СӵͦյģĹһ
һԵ˼ʵҲʲô࣬ܣСӻûм氡ʲôˣ˵¶Ҫ
سɷСӣмǰɣҽУ
ǣ˵ɣǣҶйˣѲɻҽУû˵
һ³˾ưɣͻܲôӲ
ϾԼͶʵľưɣȻҲʱˡ
ܣҿͲҪСһʶ˰ɣһҪǡ
˼Ȱܣʵһһɿسɷ˼Ͻȣ˺ܶࡣ
سɷŭһܣǿҰسɷˣղСӽ˶ǮŮ㣿
Ǹܣǻǡ
˼֪ʱİسɷѾŭˣǱЩĵģʵϾܹݣ  һַת޵Ḷ́ԼˣϣӰسɷȥСӡ
سɷӮˣҲӣسɷˣԼղʲôˡ
һʯ  ˵˼һԵĶǺܺọ̃  ʲôϽġسɷʱҲŭˡ
һԵܣСӽʮһ򰡣ǡ
ߣʮһҺ°ҾнУʮ򣡣
سɷһװӣҲ¯࣬ȻǺϤ·
Ǯǰǲʲô  ׿˿سɷ壬һﻹǰԼ°  һԵ־˳˿׵ָ磬ԸǮ͸Ǯ£ǲһʶ
׸׼˵ǰسɷһЦһΪʲô˼ҳأʮ͸ˣɨ˰




1181Եı۷ʽ
 

׿ŰسɷӣҲЩΣ
ɵЩʱǲҪ˵˭Ǯ˵ڶûʲô˸˵һţ
ʮһ򣡣
׿˿سɷ΢΢һЦƺһ
سɷ彫Ա߿˸ˣе˼ʮ򣡣
ʮһ򣡣׾ͱһðسɷһơ
ߣһ򣡣
سɸ˵һʱ˶Ǵסˣ  Ҫ֪һԸɺܶܶ˰ΪһŮǺȱƣ  ȴ֪ѾΪһŮˣ
˼ľǸӣЩʱ˵ӿǷλġ
򣡣
ⲻ·ƵķʽһĴ۾
ղŰسɷļǮǺȻ֮ͷˣһǼֱһ䵽ʱĹ̰
ȿȿȣ
سɷոճȥһѩǺԼɤ棬ܿǱߴһҵĿ  򣿣
СǲǷ˰  ԭسɷҲΪԼһǿԸ㶨ˣ׼һһû뵽һﾹȻֱ˸  Ҫ֪ǿ򰡣  һԵ˼ҲʿˮˣľǷ˰
ǰ˵ʲôͷ
ȻóΪһŮǺȵƣ  㣬Ȼǲˣɡ־˳ӡ΢΢һЦ
ӡ㿴˿־˳üͷĺܽ
յͬǮԼһı  ˭˵ӳ۸˰һ򣡣
سɷҲЩҧ򰡣۸ʵЩԲ  Ȼ˵ǮϾҲǸСĿ
һǧ򣡣
³֣ڱ˵ĶǾǺ֮һ㣡  һǧ
˼ҲżһǮһֱַˣһǧ
Եļ۸񰡣ǿţˣ  úúã̧ǰɣҵҪȥŻǳȥţ
سɷ峯׵ǳȻתȥ
ԭҪ˶ֵģҪ߶ֵĻԺ  ˼ƴǮƴȻͶ֣
ôݵ飬ŲŲᰵȻǻġ
ȥԼø磬ΪԼøسɸڽĵʶ˷ǳĶ࣡
˼ỹδ֮лعŰسɷѾǷŭ뿪Ҳǻˣ  ʵû뵽СӾȻôͣ˵ǿѹͷߣ  С˰ܣʱСӿûκεĺùӳˡ
㣬ѣ־˳ӡɫѿҲǽ˵
׿ӡЦŵӡС㣬ղҲǲѶΪ֮¡
ûû¡
ӡһ׾ȻԼǸˣҲǸоԼЩСˡ
־˳һӡıЩͣҲǿˣԭԼλŮǽղǵˡ
˼㣡ָǿ߸ղԲš־˳ҲЩ֪˵
ӡЦһν˰ҾһǮ
㣬ôܵط˰־˳ӡЩеʵ
ûʲôҪԼ׬ǮӡЩ̫Ը˵̫࣬˵ȻͬѧˣҾǺһɣ
˵꣬ԹԵĵƣ׼ȣ  ־˳һסӡ˵㣬ǰǲȾƵİôڡ
˶ǻò𣿺Ǻǡӡ㿴־˳Ҳ˦־˳ֵ
ЦŵӡС㣬ʵصعģ־˳˵ӦһЩѣΪյͬѧҪһѣΪҲǰġ
лл㣬־˳ӡмĿ˿־˳ȻҲҪ
ӡСֺαؾǧ֮أǺǡ׿ӡЦŵ
ңǺǣ־˳û뵽㾹ȻˣҳӡˣҪҵ֪Щ˼Ҹ㣬ҲýǮȥκҲ飡
ӡ˵־˳һЩǮ˹ΪҪͨԼõԼ
ղŵ˼ʲôأ
׿˿־˳һЦ㿴ǻɣ˼ԼĿĲ
ַҲ˵ŮӦվ˦ƣȻڰѾƵϣŷϾ
ǡ
ӡû뵽˾ȻЦĳһԳ⣡




1182º
 

SUGERưɶ¥
ӡʵ֮лźܶɻġ
־˳߾ЩΣ־˳ϲԼʵҲ֪ġ
ӡǸʱ򲢲Ҫ̸ʵ־˳Ҳû̫ĸо
ڿ־˳ǸоԼûжŮ֮ĸо
ԣԼĸͬѧԵ޹ʵҪԼܵľ뵽һֿԣ  Ȼ˵ܱ˼֮ҪһЩӡȴߣ  Ǽҵ䣬ҲǲΪ˽ǮԼϵġ
һ˿ˣ
һԵ־˳Щˣӡ㣬㡭Ϲ˵ŮѵģһιľΪָǿûʲôܹġ
桭ģ
ӡ㿴־˳ôƺЩŵʵ

Ϊֱ۵һܣ  Ҫˣ˼Ҳһ㣬˵ʵ־˳Ļ׻ô
΢΢бӵǺǣͷ˶ܻˣģ־˳СҪǸҶʲô˼ĻҲġ
ɡΪʲôҪң
ӡЩƵĿ⼸ˣ˵־˳ҲûжĽġ
ЦЦʵЩѪ־˳˵ΪͷҲҪΪͷȴһ׮°ɣ
ҡҲûаɣӡ㿴־˳ЩƵ˵
һʱҲ㱻˴ˣǲ㡭㱣ҵһֱǵء־˳һ죬Ѿ˵ôôıŤأ
˵ǸʵҲ˵乫ѡӡ㲻˼˵
ЦŵˣǵԺɣӡС㣬Ȼǻ˵ˣҲûбҪڲҴˡ־˳ˣܰǾͰæҲ֪м䵽ʲô¡
㡭ǲ֪ӡЩԾĿ־˳ʵ֪ܹ
˵ưɱݣ˵Һ˵⣬ҡ־˳ʼ
ʵҲﲻ϶æ˵ʵԼûи׷ʲô顭
ӡҲƵ˵ʵԼ˶ڼĲҵҲûжȤ
һֱԼҪһֵˣһˡ
ǾǰԼͻȻ֮ͱˣȻԼĸĸҲǱߵˡ
֪ԼƲˣ  ӡʵҵԼҵĲҵǷծ񣬼ҪԼĸףҲҪܶǮġ
ӡ֪⿿ԼҪӡʵҵûκεĿˡ
֪Լȥ޸˼ˣǾʵΪԼһծ  ޿ܣ  һӡȻ֪ģΪʲôҪԼȥɱ̤أ  ӡǱ˵Լļҵ飬һţʵǲ֪˵ʲôˡ
Ǽӡʵҵʲôİ˰оֻһģǾӡʵҵƲˡ
õϢûУ
Ҳܹ⣬ӡһֱǸѧʵҲǸһѣ֪ĶӦҲǺܶࡣ
еӹʲôҡҲ
ӡЩ˼Ŀ˿ףҲоЩˣԼҵǸɶģԼȻһ֪  ҲʼðɣҴ绰ʰɣӡС֪ҲǺ
ӡ㿴˿׵ллǰҰֵҲܶģԴҰֳ֮ȥЩ˶ûˣΪĻҲڵưݡ
ưɱݣʵӡ֮٣
˭ûκεİ취أưǮҲͦģıֺܲ
һǮǿԸ㵽ģǮ˵Щˮн  ״˸绰ѣǱˣټϵܹ㣬ӦǺ״ġ
ѡ
һ绰֮ͨ ҲЦһ
ָ磬ǸʧٰأЦʵоһ˷ܣ
ڽһưأôŰһЦʵ
֣ĸưɣȥһô˵ҲǼ˵
˵ʵ׸Ѵĸı䣬ǲһĸı䣡
ڻҲȨĴڣΪϻױƷ̶̵ܴļʱ䣬ѾΪǼҴ˶ڵˡ
ˣʱ˳ҴһӡʵҵϢϢЦŵ
ӡʵҵĵİһҲƵʵ
ӦþǽģոƲʣߵ㡭
˵һSUGER֮Ҳ͹˵绰
齻ȥ죬ҲǱȽϵķĵģСȻЩʱֵģ黹ǷǳĿ׵ġ
־˳ӡ㿴״绰ʵӡҲûбϣ
ʵҲ֪־˳ĵϸֻղ˺һǧ򣬵ȷЩ˰ˣ
ӡ㿴־˳Ϊ˱ԼҲ֪ԼҪǵǮġ
һûһ졭
һСʱԺ󣬻ѵӰ˾ưɵſڣ




1183´Ļ
 

ߡ
׳ŻѴ˸кûл˼ô
һѶԼıǷǳĵλģ˵ʵһ˸ʶСӵ˭
ŸҪȥױֱӾOKˡ
ЦеȻµָ磬þòףλŮɩӰɣ
Ϲ˵ʲôӡɫһ죬ô˵ģ
ӡһӾͰһˣѳĵǷǳ˧ҴŸҲƷζʮ㡣
ӡҲǮ˳ѵĴž֪˼ҾӦ÷ǳʵ
һЩܲˡ
˵Сӹ²û˵ֵܵĸͬѧĿǰӦǵɣ

һӾˣӡܹô˿أ˵ǳĲ
浾ȥҲţ
ȻĵطȴЩȺЩЩŮ˲ͬն
ѿŮˣʵϿľһƷζ  ϲָоŮˣһʼŮ˳׵ĸǰʱҲһź
Ů˻ǵʱ򣬻ЦˣЦķǳĿģ  ʵϣһ㲻ʶҲ ȥڨģԸһˡ
ֻˣһطԷǾԼѵһᣡ  ЦŵŮʶһ£ҽлѡ
ӡ㣡
ӡҲһܹܺüҽ̵Ůӣ֮жԻЩҲʱ¶
׿ŻѵӣȻҲ֪СӶ˼  Ҳһ£Сһ쵽ǻȥģŮ˶ңֵܼɾûŮˡ
ܹɾһ׮ԵĻ⵹ʧΪһ¡
㣬ְ±ϲŮҲǵûȤһͬ̽һ
˾ЩɵⱾǸĲˡ
ӡû˵ûȤ
ҡȥ
һȻĿףһԵļҲЦʵҲʶѵġ
һƤЦӣ˼ҿǹµٶ
ҪΪ׵Ļʶأ  Цŵģȥϱ˼ŮӶǺֵĺòã
ԶԶԣָ֣Ҳ֪ģһֱǸֵ˰̵
һԵӡ㱻޳ҲǸŪЦһﻹе㶺
û˵ϽģȰ£
ӡʵҵǰɣҹ˾˲ˣ˴ӡ踣񱻿סˣΪǷһڵĴѹӡʵҵĲǱģǱߵĽΣΣҵԽԽ࡭
µʱ򣬵һӣȫû˸ղŵ
ΣüͷΣҲſʼֳôǰ͵أ
Ҫӡʵҵùˣҵ˵ʾǰӡʵҵΣ֮УǸʱǽһĴ󶩵ָӦ֪ģϱߵĽΣԭ¶ǹ˾ûǮ
ЩʼȻʵ̫ˡ
ӡʵҵԭΪץһɽĻᣬǴĽֲĵԭϣǸֲĿǰгԵĺܣѹҲ޷֡
еĴһת飬ܿͻծΣ̨ǳ飡
ӡʵҵҲı֮£ձһݸѹġ
һǷжǮʵ
˵ָ磬㵽ҪɶС˾˵ǾţһëҪչ˾ɣĿǰһûᣡ
һķӦЩӡʵҵһӡ֣ӡҲ֡
ôӦЩϵˣ
ߡ
ӡЩƵĿŻѣ˭ҪչԼҵĹ˾Ҳ൱Ĳĵġ
ӴŮûеɣѿӡƵ˵
׹һֵ㵹ûеѣҵøһ鰡ӡʵҵķ˺ӡСĸס
ɶɶ⣿ЩԾĿӡǰɣôɣ
ʲôôɣҪȻΪΪʲôأû˵
˵ָͱˣ
ѴĿ׵ԼŮǰֵһûᰡ  СӱĲᣬôĹҲһˣ  ҪȤ£
ҲЦЦʵ캰ѹɲΪ顣
ΣѾ𽥵Ӱ쵽׻ƣҲҪʲô뷨  Ͼ˼飬Ҳϣ
ӡʵҵҵһĵ£ⱳصĻǸεĶ




1184ܴţˣ
 

ӡЩȦ  ô˵ĽԼһ㣿  Ҫ֪ԼѾصһĵزһ˭õóôǮԼ  Ȼǲܵ飡
ǰЩˣ·˵Ϸһ㣬ַӾܹƵã
ţоԼһȦһ㣡  ӡǵɵ  磬οЩʵϸԼزʶأ  ˵˰Լһǻģͷ˭ƽ޹ʵóôǮһزʶأ
ӡ񻹹ڿذɣѿӡʵ
ӡɫЩѿĵͷǵģҪͳҲýɱ֤ԡ
Ҵ绰ȳ˵ɣⱣ֤Ȱ㽻ˣ˵ĵһɡ
ӡЩǡǿǺüذ
СǮ
Ѵ˸ָȥ⶯Ϊķɧ
ӡ㷭˷ۣǸ㲻Щ˵ɶ·СǮ  Լ۷ʱڣǼҲԲܹСǮ˰ɣ  ׿ŻѵУȴ绰ɣ⽭ĵͷ
ָ磬ͱɱ˰⽭۵ڶ˭۵һ
Ҳף˵Ŀɶʵ飬ڽǻǺ绽һĴڣ
׿ŻѵõõãСӿɱƶˣҪ
һOKƣȻܿĴͨ绰
˰ɣ
׿ŻЦʵʵղҲ˵绰ͷ˵˵
Цŵָ磬ôСҪǻ첻ɵĻҪЦ˰Ӧһͷųˣ˰ӡ͵ߣһСʱӦܵɡ
УưӪҵʱҲͦģŰ˵ӲŰɣ׵ͷ
ʲôļٵİ
ӡ˿Ŀһ£֪ӦϲûɻΪһƺ÷ǳļ򵥡
־һ̫ʵʵЩ˿ĸо
˵ŮӦôлأЩǷĿӡ㡣
һԵ־˳ЦЦٶͬѧƤӱȽϵı
ˣôѡطѿ־˳ʵ
ǡǸΪ߱ݡ־˳ŻѵӣҲֻܹʵʵ˵ˡ
ɶݣʲôݣƵ˵ôƯŮôܳأ
ҵ鲻ܡ
ӡ㿴ŻѵӣҲΪƣһﻹ찡
Լĸĸˣӡ㻹Ĳ֪ôȥл˼ء
ʵ֮ѾһЩĹˣΪ˼ˣᶼûᡣ
ôܲأŮҿ׷߰һԺҪҵŮѣҸáһЦ
ٶҲΪ˴ǮĸĸԲš־˳
úÿҲˣôТģǲ
һи⣬ԸʶĻϲҲ࿴һۡ
ҪΪԼĸĸֵطС׬ǮĻǻѾܺã֮оȻһҪŮ
ˣѣǹܵΣӰ𣿡ת
һܴô˵ɣиһЩе߻ס˾棬ǹһЩ
ʲô˼׿Żʵ
ÿһεĽڷ籩˵һѣⳡܻ֮ôһܹ˶ܸˣʱ׬Ǯ
˵ʱҲ
׳׻йϵ𣿡
ʱûпHKпܾеΣˣѳҸ˵TĻұ̶ֵȱȽϵѾﵽ˾ߣһΣͻһϦ֮ɢҹ޿¶
Ѿôصĵزˣ׳ʵ
һһ֮ھҪо޴ı仯ҪһЩ׼
ֻ֪Ҫǰ˸׻ңҲ˺ɫģ׵̺һ˿ɱ
ѿ׵ָ磬ôῼЩⰡӦ濼ǵɣ
ǺǣƥȻҵȻҲҪθвһپһĵһǶģ׳
ָ磬ʵ˵Ķԣ׬ǮҲǹҵȶҲȶˣЩȻҲͲᰲˣҪָ뷨Ļǿɵôһ
ѿףҲǳһ󼤶֮ɫ
ΪˣȻҲҪɳһɼøײܸɶˬ
׿ŻѺٺһЦΪ飬ҪⳡΣȻҪһЩ۵ġ
һԵӡԭѾЩ׺ͻˣ
ţԽԽʼʽΣˣоЩ˼ǣ˾ȻЩԲѵ˵ҪⳡΣ
˿ܴţư  ӡղһ˲ĺûˣ˿ҪˣΪһдϣĻ




1185ӡĸĸ
 

ָ磬ԷĻǣ
ѿףҲҪһ㣬ϾΣ׻Ʒ
ΪҪǣ׻ƾýṹȶ̫϶ǶڸиӰҲǷǳԶġ
ָҪµĻǻҲЩˣ
Ҫ֪ҪѵĴǿǷǳİ
ȻϼźǮھ޴ĹʽںХУЩǮһܹԵã
һʼûйעЩҵġ׳˼Ҳڣ
ɶʱ򰡣ôû˵أһϣҲǻȻʵ
ǺǣŶʮǰɣǸʱûôأû뵽Ѿǵ˱ıԵ˰
׿Żʵ
һԵ־˳ַ׺ͻĻҲһơ
ⶫǿɲ岻ϻҲкôİ
ָ磬ǡ׼ô죿ѳʵ
׼УѾ˼ȥˡЦŵ
ֲһ˵ڸһ£ǰָĹ˾У𾪵ʵ
ţӦüĿˣذ죡Цŵ
æĻҿɰﲻʲôæƵ˵
ЦŵҲҪæһ£ܹＯʽж٣
ҰǱһ𣿡ʵ
ţȻƶ˵
˲˵ֽӦûжİɡѳ
ڣڴţҪ˰𣿡
ӡһֱţЩ̲סˣţƵģûмôţġ
ſڱտھУ͵ΣڸΪţſھ˰  㣬죡־˳ӡ΢΢ҡͷ
ӡ֪־˳ȴ֪׵Ƕôţģ˼ҿӢ׵Ӻܹˣʲôеأ  ˵Ů֪˰ɣԺŸĺģѿӡ𾪵ɫҲԿЦ˵
ӡҪ˵ЩʲôһԵ־˳˵Ҳһ֨ˣ  ׳ӡ΢΢һЦӡС㣬͵Ц
ʵ̸ͣЩȷЩţɡ
ӡҪ֪ԼͻѵݵĻԼҲôˡ
ʼָ磬ܹʽҲֻЩˣʣµĻ϶ѹ˵زͻԴһЩͶˣ
ţжٰɣʱЩǮй˾ĹƱOKˣ˱ˣˣ
׿Ż΢΢һЦ
ļٵָ磿һʵϼŵĹɷǻܴ
ȻˣˣǾȲ̸ɣ
Ҳ˵ˣӡ㶼˵ı飬ҲЦ
˵ҲҪֳϵģҪȻΪڴţǿɾЩ̫ˡ
һûһ죬ܿžư˹  衭
ӡһЩɫƵŮɴ۾漴ۿˮѾڴתˡ
ɱĳԼĸķ񱼶ȥһоԼҵһ㣡  ѾϸˣѾȫԼĸĸ
㣬㡭ô⣿
ӡ踣ԼŮȻھưɣҲǾˡ
ղԼͮ˸ʱҲһͷˮ
Ȼ˾ͱطˣ
ӡԼĸĸһʹ飬Ͼھưɣ
ܿͷӦ˹ȻԼĸĸŶ¥ķ˹ȥ  ֮ǰһΪǸƭӣڿ˼ҷǵûƭǰԼĸĸ͵Լߣ
һӶ˳˺øУԼΪʱֲرİôܹӡ㲻жأ
⡭⵽ô°
ӡ踣ͮӡ㣬ֿ˿Ѻ׵ҲЩơ
λһȦĸо֪ʲô顣
ѿӡ踣ͮһЦѽѽĸϽϽ
ǡӡ踣ЩĿ˿ʵ
ȣġѣѡ
С˵һӵϢʵԭӡ踣ͮû뵽һ㣬СӼüŪ۵ӵķˡ
㡭Ϲ˵ʲô
ӡɫһ죬ӿȥЩһ㣡  ͮӡ㣿̸ˣ㣬Ҹôİ
衭˾ǳģӡҲʵ˵˼Ҿȵġ
ǡǸСӣлл㰡ӡ踣ͮҲ¶м֮ɫ
̵ĸһ˲˵һһʲôǵһѵ顭
лллл
ӡ踣ڻЩ£˿̵ҲһãǳˣҲǱž޶ծ񰡣  ѿ˿ӡ踣ȻһԵǸźɫӵȥһӡʵҵеĴȻдк˵ӡʵҵǼ
ǣٶͰ졭
˵꣬һԵӡ踣һȵĿŻѣղӡı鼸һģһ




1186±޳֮ͽ
 

СƣǡǸѾҵʲˡ
ӡ踣ŻѣҲһƵ˵Ȼǰ˵̫ˡ
ȻпԼδŮҰԼ̳ˡ
дɲǼ飬ǿһڰ
һԵӡ踣ӡٶ˵Ĺ˾ûˣжʽҰָһ¾ͺˡ
ٶǸһǡ
ӡ踣ƺЩӦ˹ʵʱʱĳŻ顣
һ˿΢Цӡٶǹ¼ŻƶĹӣŶ˵仰ǹõġ
ʲʲô¼ţƶĹӣ
ӡ踣׵Ĵסˣ¼ʲôͲ˵ˣǸ˶֪
µȫÿжǵĵ꣬⻹ʲô˵  ƴ֣
ĸ־ܹ˼ҵʵˣһ¼ĸֵʱ˶оһĲ˼飡
Цŵӡʵҵͷİɣһƴˣ
ٶ⡭ô˼أ
ӡ踣оԼǲŹʺһ㣬û뵽ԼŮȻ¼ŵٶڽ
Ҫǰе֪ĻҲˡ
ӡ㾪ˣµȻҲ˵ģ湺ĴҲһˡ
û뵽ǰΪǴţļһ˼ҾȻ˵ġ
Ҫǹ¼ŵٶĻ˼óڻǺпܵ顣
Ҫ֪¼ĿǰֵǿǺüǧڰڶ˼˵ʲôأ
𾪣  ӡ㱻Ϣ߻أȥûļһﾹȻͷô  Ӵⲻӡ
ӡ踣һ֮ʣһ̫г
ɾ㡭
ӡ踣һһʱҲЩƣΪӡʵҵĴ϶ɾĸгڽĿ  ⸱гһֱȽϵĵӡ踣һԭҪڽڴһʿһԼʽѹ
ɾ⸱гȴڷʹӡʵҵյķᶼûˡ
һڣд½ˣӡʵҵƲΣ֮У  ҸղͿӡӡ˵Ӱôͳ˰ҲǺ°
ɾӡ踣¶һ˿Ц  ɾĻӡʵҵҲߵһһǵúúõĸлһ㣡
ӡ踣гһɺ⣬˲·ɱ˸ĸ
һ￰Լɱһ㣬ôأ
ӴӴӴҸӡ踣㼴취ˣһбȥŲţ
ɾӡ踣ЦһȷȨ
ϾǽеĸгֻҪȥǮʱǿǿִеġ
һӡ踣ǮĻǵʱܶɾûô˵ˡ
ɾ㲻ҪؿûиΪ˭Ҹ㣬ӡ踣䣬ǰڲԺҲ㣡
ӡ踣ŭһ³
٣Ժ㻹รɣҸ㣬ˣ㿴ļиҸҪǡ
ɾӡɨһȦдһ˿аĿ⡣
ʲô
ѿɾǿһĿʱҲЦһ
ɾŻѵ֮ǰ͸ӡ˵ˣ㵹ǳԽԽˮ˰ưϰˣ硭Ŷӡһʴ֪˭갡
һĻֱ˾֮·˽֪  ŭˣһʮͷӣȻҲҴԼδϱ⣿
ȥѾģɵȱ
أ
ףɾԭΪӡ踣֮£Эء
ûеȵӡ踣˵һͷѾǳһž  㡭˭֪˭𣿾ȻҴң
ɾ˿˫Լ˶¥ĿԱߣЩµ
Ӵľ˵
˵ֱ꣬ϵıһεȥ  ʵЩѽͷ֮ްŪһжùⲻȥ  ٶٶ⡭ǽеĸгǡ
ӡ踣һֱӶ֣ҲһĽǽҲҪеյİ
ǽег绰ҪǲһŪˣǹ¼ڽедȫתߣһֲ
Ѱ©˵ǰĻĲһܹ¼ŵ
꣬¼еܹ׼Ӱ˼ˡ
ǣٶھͰ죡
¼ţǻٶ
ɾԭΪЩ˶Щˣ֪⶯֮˾Ȼǽˣ¼ŵٶ
ôΰ㻹ҪһѱôΣʱӭЦһ
ٶҴˣĴˣҲ֪ӡ⡭
ɾ̹˾ôʵǿ
ߣˣȻҴ⣿ŭһֱһִһͷϡ
ɾĳ¥ȥһԸļŻѵ֣ƨҲûиҷһֱһȫˡ




1187ף
 

ɾȥӣѻЩ̲סƿڴ˼䣡
һﻹ֪ܣҪǹ˼ӵĻ滹ܹһԲ˶ߡ
ɾѾǿ֪ˣ˵ĵԲʲô
гһʵҲ˽еһࡣ
ӡ㿴ŻѣҲЩߺĵͷ
˵ʵʱһܹͦ˭Ҳоһůġ
һȻЩŵȴһһ۵ġ
ӡ踣ͮмĿŻѵٶҪĻ
ѽѽĸһʲôʲôٶٶģ˺ģλֱӺСƻѾͺˣ
ѳδ˺ĸ΢΢һЦֵĺʱ
ʵ˵ʵӡ踣򸾵ŮǼֱǸ̫ˡ
ŮϾ˼ҵģ˼ĲͬĻǮأ
ѿյ
ӡ踣Żѵ̬ȣҲǸоһ泩˶ǿġ
ٶݣԼ˵Ŀӡ踣ôܹأ
׿˵Ҳ˵ĵطѣҪȻǱȥӡӡЩӦҲ˵࣬ɵúþƺò˵дŰ
һһǱİһס̵
ȻˣҲǴľΪӡһңⲻǻָ  ׼ȥ  ˿̣ſںһ£˼ʮˣ
Ϊ׵Ǽ֮УһȻǸղű׸˵İسɷ壡
һղû׵ĵϸղųȥʵȥȱˣ  سɷڹȦĵλһ㣬ϾǰؼҵڶɶĶӣڶɶҲռؼҹɷݵİٷ֮ʮҡ
ռݰؼҰٷ֮ʮĴɶǾǰسɸռң
ղŰسɸڳԷԼõܱ˸۸ˣҲǸ˹
ֻʵ̫ˣߵʱѾһСʱԺˡ
سɷղһֱ棬ûȥ
磬Ⱥˡ
سɷ忴Űسɸճ˿̰سɸմһϵѾǳ
׵ʱɫ  СӣԵţּˣ
سɸոоС겻ɢСζǵ˴ù֣  ׿˿سɸգЩ˵ǣⲻǰС
۸õܣسɸЦһҵҪ㻹ûôõ
ҵһܺã΢΢һЦ
һԵĻѿŰسɸգСʶģֻسɸողûע⵽ѡ
ĿһӾͱ׸ȥˡ
Ӵǣسɸգɾ
ѿ˿سɸգ¶һ˿м
ؼȻǮڻֳУҲô¡
˵⽭ؼһЩǲܵĻôµĻƼҾҪһġ
һѵسɸ˳˵ķͿ˹ȥ  سɸһѵʱˣ  ٶô⣿سɸǽһưСǲߵﶼл  ٶȦĿӼﰡسɸǺţ˼һٶĸǰʲô񰡣  ָһģôˣѿŰسɸ
ָ֡磿ǣ
سɸѾˣѾȻһΪ磿
Ҫ֪һ㶼Ǳ˺Ǹİ˸磬Ǿֻһԣ  Ǿ˱ţȦĹǶá
һѺΪʱɫһӶЩҰף  Ȼѻţˣ⾿ʲô˰  ˵ԼһͻˣһﵽǸʲôҲ֪
Ҫǽ쿴ѵĻֵײ˼ҵˡ
ָҲ֪𣿸ָǸϽģһ
ٶ㡭Щ̫˰ɣҵܱ۸ˣҸǸ⡭ҰسɸԺôȥ찡
سɸյɫҲرĺÿϾҲһΪҪӵˡ
ȻҲ֪ѵ˲̫õⲻ׵ģһﵽ˭֪Ǹ  سɸûЩ̫ˣ
ȻҲǳصģðسɸеǣǼµʵûʲôϵ
֮⼸ûκεĽȻ˵Ļֺαرϥأ  Լ߾ˣ  ѿŰسɸЦһǣĹԺô죿ҿǻ˰ɣȻָ磿ҪǲǸǿɾ͹ֲһĺˣ
㡭úúãٶҲҪװɣ˭
سɸյѾˣֵһڹȦûκε
֪˵˭Ϊʲôôţƣ




1188˼治Ǵţƣ
 

سɸеǱ޷ġ
һԵİسɷҲûа취ᣬȥʱһףֱӾʧһƤ  ҲĿ  һֱҪѰһĻᣬôҲҲһ
û뵽һﾹȻһεĳߣܲ
ôһҪײǽĸоָоһ˺ᵽġ
ѣһﾹȻһ飡  һҪйȴ޴ֵĸоǻĿﲻ  ֲ֪ʲôݣ  һҲ޻˵
ѹ˼ҵǸʲô֪ôƽ޹ʵΪѵһ仰͵Ǹ
ھҪ˵ôţƷܹûĳ޸ĶӾȻҲܹһһ磡
һԵİسɷŵЩ˵ˣѵĴȻ˵ģԼøţ˶ˣܷʲôݳ  ڵվڰسɸյĺ棬оһ˿˿Ĳȫ
ѿŰسɸЦһǰؼָƨȻҪףǺðϼ˵𣿡
ϼţױƷǸ
سɸյпһ£һĪϼŵļ̳ˣ
ҪĻǲ𰡣
ϼţǿǷˮĵʹ˵ڼѾûҵܹ֮ˡ
ҵ˭ܶԿˣ
˵µҲǸţҵĻôϼżֱǳţ棡  ҵѾǲͬնˣοССİؼأ  ؼҲҵڶ࣬Ҳǰʮڵ֣˼ǰȫǱѹ  㻹֪һЩ飬Ҹ㣬ָϼŵĶ³СӻҸָ綯֣ıӵˣָ粻ƽȣѾ֪ǰɣ
Щŭ˵Ĳ۵Ҳ̫ˡ
ֶ֡
سɸŵ˵Щˣ˵ҪϼŵĶ³Ļôǵﲻ  ˿̣֪ԼҪĴ𰸣Ҳˣ  ׿ŰسɸյˣϽû⳶
سɸտ̵ԡԲֶ͹͹
˵ֱ꣬һ̵뿪ߣ  Ҳ̫ˣϼŵĶ³ô᣿  ֲԼ˼ҵУԭ˼ҵͷȻô
֮ǰһֱΪСǸᣬڿ˼ҷǵᣬ˸ɽֹˡ
ˣʮؼңҲǰ״
˿̲ܣʱ  һ˼ҵʱŭˣԼҲ߲ˣǿϼŵĶ³
ϼ᳤硢죬سɸֲɵӣ
سɸշģԺ˼ңƵУûеڶѡˣ  ŰسɸҲҴȥҲҴҵӣû˵ʲôèܹˣ̸ӡ
ˣҪΪӰǵ飡װڰֵ
һԵӡ踣ʿˮֶ֡ϼŵĶ³
ӡѵҲϼŵĶ³Ǻǡ
׿ӡ踣ӣҲ΢΢һЦʵϱ֪֮󼸺Ҳ飬ϰˣ
һԵӡ㿴׵ҵθԹԣԭ㾹ȻϼŵĶ³աղһΪǴţš
ǺǣҲûʲôôıҪղҸ˵ʵΪֵһ⣬ǼҲ֮ܺһ𣿡
׿ӡЦŵ
ӡ㿴˿־˳ҡ֪λͬѧȻʶôţ˰ǰɲġ
ӡǷˣ׵ķˣ  ԭΪ־˳˾Ǹϲţˣ񿴵˼ҵʵݣͨޱȣ
־˳ЦŵָģղҲ˵
ҡ֪
ӡҲһı֪ˣгѾûˡ
׿˵ưǷǶ࣬Ȼǻǻطɡ
׵ݽ˵̬Ҳһˣ
ʵ֮У˶Ϊݵĸı䣬Żñ˵̬ıġ
ݣʲôطǶһҫ۵ǣ
͵ǱеĻҲѧŻ˼һߵﶼҪˡ
뿪˾ưɣŻѵı۶ȥ  ӡ踣һ˵ģܹ˵Ľ˳֮УܹѰһ˿Ļᡣ
ʵӡҪлģ¾־˳ˡ
ûһ׺ͻôʶӡʵҵôܰӡأ
ڶ磬һذϢý壡




1189ذ
 

ڶ磬׺ͻѵĶ
ȻˣӡһʱҲסطϾǵķԼĶˡ
һʱҲסĵطʢ֮£ȻҲûоܾ
һ߳緹죬ЦŴ˵ӡ
ǵ򿪵лĿʱ򣬾˵ɫԵЩأ
һذϢ˳Ĭ
ڽ죬T̶ƣתʩиĻƣһϢ̶̲Сʱʱ䡣
TĻ̩ԪĻȻ½½ķȾȻߴٷ֮ʮߣ  ȥǰɣô죿ء
ƣ׿ŻЩɻʵ
ѳĻƶʵȫгѿأ˵ʵȶĻƶȶTûӰ죬档ʱǾȻ
˼˵ʱǷ̶ʣǻʱˣüͷʵ
Щ飬̫죡  쵽ûа취ȥоĽ飡
ʱ䣿ǺǣѾʼʱ˰ָ磡㿴̩ԪĻӦ֪һͨ⣬ǿʼ
ѶڽȻҲǺܶһǰѧϰľǽҵ  һԵӡ踣赲û¶һλԵĴ
ѿӡ踣ͷ˵ĶԣʵⲢµģ
Ŷʲôӡ踣ڻԽԽⰡ
ҪôŮĻԼѾԲˡ
ʮ㣬һԵӡ㿴Ż٩٩̸ӣҲдһЩСǡ
ϾŮϲ˸ϲ׷ϣĶʵ֣
ѿ˿ֿ˿ӡ踣Ǿڱ˷ˣǿɣһʽڳҽ룬ʱܿͻӦùĿ²ֹT
ǰ׻ƵĹпҲܵ׳
һĵ绰
׺ܿͳֻ˿ҽӸ绰ϵġ
ãָȥɣѵ
װڰ֣ʾ˲Ҫ˵Ȼ绰ϡ
СְӦҲ֪˰ɣ
ϵ͸һ˿ƣ˵ʵͻΪҵϹᣬ黳ѡ
׵ϣѾ֪ˣʱ߻ûʲôϵ
Ѿйϵˣȥ׻ƵĹСϳ
ϣѾ춯ˣ׳ʵ
ĵûʲôǸйصİ鼸ȫͣûκһ⣡ϵ͸һ˿ơ
Ҫ֪׻ƴһеٵķչ֮׵ĳɹ
ڶ̶̵ʮ֮ھǧڣǿǧѪǮֻǿʼ  ΣӰ죬Ǿ޴ģԶģ  ׵𽺹ȫͣɺϣȥ飬ȡ֮ǰƣ
ʲô֮ǰ⡭ôܣ޷赲
֪ʽڹһгĳһСС飬Ҳ˴֣
ֻܹϣϼܹסֻ̣Ҫסˣһж˵  Σ˵Ҳ죬˵Ҳ
ֻҪֵܹסǿһû׼ܹõһЩʵء
ܹŵסмأ׻ǷǳˣɼҲܵһĲ
Ȼ˼ȴܹùܾ޴ʧ
ҲײԸ⿴ģЩþøܸҪ׬ǮҲÿûˣ  Ҫľǵһס׻ƵĹУ
ϣʵûʲôܵ飬ʱ֪ˣԴͷһȻ֪ġҵĳ⣬Ѿֿʼˡ
Ϊŵ˵𽺲ҵĲʵľͷ쳽Դ档
쳽Դһ̶Ѿ˺䶯ЧӦδԤҲ൱Ŀã  ˬʵһЦСҪһǹܹ˵ĻǶȶгž޴Ĺ׵İȻ˵ĻȲˣǿɶĺϢ
˵ֱ꣬Ӿ͹˵绰  ھֶ飬ȻҲ֪
ѿ׵ָ磬˵ʲô
㿴һ£йصĹƱǲѾʼˣ˵϶ͣˡ׳гѾʼ˰
ѺܿͳֻȻһƬɫҲ𾪵˵ȥȫͣżһܼͦסҲˣ
̣ǾʹŹɼµ
׳ˣȳ԰ɣҵȥæһˣ
ѵͷָ磬ҪҰæ𣿡
ʱҪҲ̫æ绰ϢˣЦŵ




1190ǰ쳽
 

쳽Դ޹˾  Ǯ쳽Դз˽ʵҲر˵ľ
ΪϼžͿ˼ҲԼͶʷ  ֮ǰΪܶء쳽һšĳ֣Ϊ֮һ
˿̵쳽Դһεĳǵĸ쳽L1ʵҲѾβ׶Σ
ṩͼһ쳽L1ۻǶǻʵѾﵽһµˮ׼  Щ죬غüеľ棡
ǸϾȥע飡  Դоأ  Ǳָţ⳵ѾˣڲĵԽ׶Ρ
ʵĵļѾǿ֪ˡ
˴ĵ绰
һģ˿ܹϾʵǲκε豸ġ
ع˵Ļһڴжû  绰һ˵ɣջ·ô˴绰˭ؿǸЩƵ˵
Ǹûжãϰе㲻ͷҲǲΡΡ˵ǡǸֻһ֣֣
֣
һ֣˸ջϵ·ͷҲصˣ  ˿λŮ³Ҳ΢΢ҡͷѲѣ
ѾĵˣҲǿ첽ĸ˳ȥ
صİ칫ң
˿̵ĵ绰ѾҶˣڵһ绰ûдͨʱҲЩü  ܿ죬ŻѺӡǰ쳽Դʵأ
·ϣش绰ֻ˵һϾ͵Ȼ׼һй˾ϵʽĿ¼Ȼ͹˵绰
һҪϽԼĸ磬ȻһԵ׼йصй˾ϵʽȥˡ
СأֶҪȿԼҲЩ֡
صͷǰֶҪ׼һݹҵйصй˾Ŀ¼Ҳ֪Ҫʲô
ҵйصģŶˣˣûпŰȿԼóʵ
ţ磬㿴ڻʱȥææˣʲôŰ΢΢ʼѲʲôŲɣ
ǱߵΣԽԽˣ˵гһƬɪô׻ƵĹҲܵ˳
ȳֻǿţҪ׼йصй˾ĲϣЩ
ΣˣɣӦûô죡Щ㵵ʵ
̾һΣһǾɽ鱩Եֵġǳڵľýṹȶɵģκʱ򱬷ʵ֡
Ҳԣʱ򱬷׻ƵľóӦҲСɣؿȳʵ
ȵͷʲôҲǲĵ飬һ𽺵㻹ǵҿֶչҲ飡
ˣعôˣǻ׼ӭֶĵɣֶǸʲôǾ͸ʲôˣֶĻ˲𣿡
ڵ̬ǳĺãԴѾأֻźOKˣ  ؿȵ磬ҹָһ϶ҪǰҪȻɳзļ֮⣬ʱ
û⣬Ҿˡ
һOKƣȻ̫ѧ֪ϼΪǿĺܣʲôҲ¡
˵ˣ쳽ԴĳѾǵ춨δĻ
ֻҪúõһҵˣ  ȿҲЦŵǰҪûֶĻϼڿѾǱ˸չҲ˵أĻһҪúõİա
ԼĪСʱʱ䣬׵Ѿ쳽Դߡ
˵Ҫкܶ࣬һжȡ쳽Դ
ܹڵһסеĻΣӰǿνǷǳԶġ
Ŀǰ쳽Դ˵һҵʢ
ҪҵӦþ𽺡ϵҵ
ʱӴԴܶҵʢͷչˡ
ߵĿֻһǾҵˮ֮С
Ҫ֪ڵҵһƬԣչȥĻʱ𽺹ϵͻ⡣
һƬ𽺳յĻǺܶ¸ʧҵصĲҵҲָܵĳ
ֶ
ؿ״ż˳˹ҲǸϽӭȥ
׿سղѾ𣿡
ղѾǰѵ绰ϵʽˣһʮֱӹҵϵʽѾȫ㶨ˣ
ؿ׳ƺڵȴ׸´Ȼ֪׵Ҫʲô




1191ʱ
 

صİ칫ң
׿ص򵥵ĸǽһ£λǹµٶѣԱλӡС㡣
ٶӡС㡭
غҲǳŻѵ˵ͷ׾Ǵκ˹Ƕˡ
Ȼµǳǿ󣬿ǵУǿǿҲȲϼŲ  Ҳǳغ΢΢һЦλã
׿˻кȻĻҲ˵ˣЩʮ֣ҽӵһλ˵ĵ绰Ŀǰ𽺹ɻ϶̮ˣ
ֶҸղŸҲѾǽˣⶫǱߵΣȷǶǵӰԽԽˣ
ҲǳֶһιľΪ顣
׿ȵͷţǵԴûУ֮ǰ˵Ѿ깤ˣ
ѾˣֶһЩСϸҪԡҪõĻҲǾûκεġ
ƶ˵ʵѾûκεˡ
ЩСϸʵԼ󾫵һӰ켸ûеġ
ЦŵЧʲ߲ӦҲû˰ɣ
ȵͷֶҸģĿǰѾѡַ׶ΣֻҪʽλǿȫΧڽĿǰѡ˼ص㣬׼ͬʱʼ
ţĲѡַĹһҪӿ죬øϽͶȷÿʽ𲻹һǼṩ֧֣һǲҪκεĵ֪𣿡Цŵ
ֶֻҪʽûĻȻҲûκεˣЦŵ
ãǵѸϵʮй˾һСʱ֮ڸϵ˵˵ģ
Ҳ֪쳽ԴͷѾǲ̫öˡ
Ҫϼŵ壬Щ˿϶ǻϹġ
ϼѾǹڵĺĸҵЩ˲ɮҲÿ治  οΣķȻҲҪóϼͻȻǣҲܲ²һЩˣ
Ŀǰڽֻа˼ҵȻй˾ڽ߾а´Ǻʵģ
ȿ׳Щй˾еصɾڽûа´ء
ţһСʱɣȡʮһ֮ǰȫϵ׳
ֶǲЩ̫ż˰ڽһԵ֮ҲǿЩʵ
żЩżҲˣǵҵעһǿļ֪𣿡׳
һԵؿ׵ֶЩ̫ף
ôˣء׿һ¶ӣҲЩɻʵ
ֶʵ֪Ҫʲôһ벻̫ףΪʲôҪôأͶʵģֻ𽺺𣿵ʱҲģ
ؿЩ벻ףʵѾ֪׵⡣
һԵҲǵͷֶԭһϷֵĻʱЩй˾Ȼȵסɼۣʧǿɴȥ˰
ȷ쳽ԴĻģʲôѾǲڻˡ
һЩϷֳȥ֮󣬵ʱʣҲ޼ˡ
׿˵Ʊгֺֹ𽺹ɣǿɶ׻ƵҵȻѣʱôܹԹأҵ׬Ǯܣǵ׬һǮҲҪӵӦβ𣿡
ֶ̫ΰ˰
ؿ˿ĻҲһݵĿĴָ
װڰֵΰ̸ϣҲԼһˣǴԼԼѡͺˡҪÿһ˵ļֵ׼һΪÿ˵ѴһҵҲܣϼȻԹۡ
ֶҷҲĴָ
װڰֵڲǷ⣬ءȣڸһСʱʱ䣬ϣ뵽һЩ֪ý
֪ý壿ķİʵ
ǺǣڡȵȣȽϹĶԣǴͳý廹ǻý嶼ǿԵġ׳
⡭ǺǹʲôأؿףҲ֪һﻤʲôҩ
׿Цŵ˵شžͺˣ
ֶѸóɣǿѾЩ˵ˣõȵһŵĽʳչ
ЩƵĿף׼һڶء
׿ȹһֵСӾͻԼСǰɣҲóչ
ɡǵƬɶĻûŪذƵĿ׵
һԵҲǵͷǰֶǵƬûŪذɶû׼͹⳵Ļˡ
׿˿˵ҰСʱʱ䣬ǰϺͲԵƵʲôĶңЧ
СʱֶʲôЦһƬðµʱ䰡
һĲ죬һԵĻѺӡҲЩԾĿס
״˸ָˣǼϵģ




1192Ľ
 

ĳҵ԰
ԵЩɪȻŵġҷ𽺡ȴԵøۣ
ҷ𽺣
еĹ˾֮һ
ֻܵһܵĴ֮ҷҲܵǰδеĳ
Ѿͣ״̬ΪԽԽ
־ɲһγɵģǴһֱʹڵġ
Ź𽺼۸ԣǵɱȴûκεļ٣ǵݵѹﵽ˸ֵ
ǽ죬Tߵĸı䣬һӰҵ׻һ㣡  ҷ𽺣̽ӵʱ䣬ɼѾǵͣ
Ѿҷ𽺵һεͣˣͣ
Ļôҷܷ񱣵סй˾ʸһˡ
ҷܲĻڣ  ˿ҷ𽺵Ķ³ܲýΰһƣЩΪҷ𽺵ѾæĽͷö
ĹɶѾЩ֧ŲסˣԽòٿһСΧĹɶᡣ
ҷѾʱ̣Ϊ³ӦҪǹɶһɣ
ǰҪȥĻǵʲûˣ
ҽͣƣȻһЩӰ죬ҲӰɣ
ʵںüǰͽͣˣͣҲӰɣ
ʤβλõĻǽ黹ǡ
һߴߴģǿɲ淢ʲô飬Ϊй˾ĹɶΨһ뷨׬ȡ
֮ǰ׬ȡѾĴ춯ǵıˣ˭סأ  ΰ˳λ԰꣡ĿǰҲһңǹʴ󻷾ɵģѾͣˣ
ͣиʲôãͣɼ۾Ͳ𣿡
˵ҷ𽺵Ķ¸Žΰ
𶭣ֻͣǵһҲҪһ°ɣûһҵͣƣǵһͣƵģ˵ҷ𽺲𣿡
ΰԼĿǣҷҲȫ֪ҵô׵ͣƣҲǶ˰  ҿĲʺλãﻹһЩɷݣʵڲеĻֻˡԼУʱ򲻳һѷֽ𣿡
ŭźܶˡ
ʵϽΰʲǿԵģΪʲôһֱֲͣƣһΪӣҲΪҵױȽϵĺҲ֪ҲӲġ
ʵڵȴſûʲô߻һЩ漣֡
ʵҲǴ׼ͣƵģɼѾ뵽˹ȵףͣƲͣƵʵѾˡ
Ӫ˾ôʱ䣬ΰȻҲǷǳˡ
ֵĻֻǵĹɷˡ
ǰһټֵĻҲûκεİ취ˣ
ָ֧µͣƣ
ͣƣҲ۹ɷݣ
µҲһȺ鼤ܣʵϽǹӦþǱƹһ֡
ʵΰĹɶ˵žԵĿعȨЩһ۹ƱĿ¾𵴣  вˣ
ΰһƣڹؼʱ̾ȻͱԼһֱ͸
ƽʱֵܣɹؼʱ̾ȻԼһ  ǿ벻̣  ǲʲô취أҪ֪Щ˵пҷٰٷ֮ʮĹɷݰ
Ȼΰһˣ͵ǰȫ۶ѹˣʱķҲʹˡ
λλ˵ڼһ죬һ𣿡ΰЩ˵
Цһһ죿ҸһҲȲˣѾͣˣһ̺ǵ֪ͣһͣҪʧǮ𣿡
תΰŹҲβܵġ
ɰֹʴƣ˭ֶûκεôҷѾûκεϣ۹ɷݡ
ʵϾ侮ʯʵʱ˵ӦŽһĲŶԣ  ǰʲôŽһأ
ΰŵһ˱ƹĳ棬Ҳ΢΢һ̾һֱ㲻û뵽ؼʱ㾹Ȼ˶ҡûңΪߵһ
̸飿ѲɾûΪҷ𽺸ЩɶûΪҷ𽺸𣿺ˣǿɵǮأҴҵġ
˿ûκεĻ⣬֪һεζʲôΪԼĸ滹ȻȻôˡ
ǡ
ΰЩ£ƽʱһǳֵܣΪԼԸ档
Щ˵ĹɷһԼǵģû뵽ؼʱ̾ȻȺ֮ΰоһۣ  ĵ绰һԵ鿴Žΰֻ
λڿһ°ɣҽӸ绰
ΰ߳ȥʱӰԵЩį




1193ЩĽΰ
 

ߣʲôⰡǰĶ鵱
𶭣ôǲǲ尡
ֵǮ⽯ΰҪûϷˣǻŵǮͶĿء
ǣѾûϷˣҷ𽺿϶ҪƲˡ
ָŸһһأҪŲ˰
һ˸ûиղֵߣЦſʼ졣
ʵǵĹɷݶǵ꽯ΰģй˾ܶ඼
ЩԱܳΪ˾ĹɶִйɶȨܴ
һˮ˾ľӪҪɺܴӰġ
ΰһΪЩԼΪᶨ֧ߣû뵽˷ˮʱǽһ档
˵ûбҪһʲôˣҷѾ군ˣͬͣƣҲ۹ɷݵģ
һĵͷӵ߰ٷ֮ʮĹɷݣ˾ڶɶˡ
ֻھӪûлȨǳƣ  ڳᣬҪ⽯ΰҲǳһЩԹ
ʵô
һ㶼ٷ֮ʮĹɷǽΰģ꽯ΰҪǲҲûκεİ취
𶭣Ƚΰ绰ǾֱӿʼɣȦʲô˼е飬ʲôĻ᣿Բܵģ
һ˿ŸٺһЦ
ҲҪһıԻˣ˾Ǽ壡
˵ͷʵҶ֪Ϊʲôԭġ
⣡  ΰƽһ飬ȻǸ˭ĵ绰
Է˵ҪֱͨԭǲͬģǶԷ˵Ҫ̸Ҿʾһ
ǸҲЩΡΡ˵Ҳ֪ڶ³״̬̫ȶ
ʲôƭӰɣΰЩŽɵĽ˵绰һԵҲʼ磬ʾԼҲǺ
ιãΰ绰
쳽Դ
ʵ绰˾رˣΪֻǱȽ٣ʱȣֻܹˡ
쳽ԴΰҲϤ˾⹫˾˵һֱţ棡  ôԼ绰أ
ƭӣ
ǽΰĵһֱоŮ˾ƭӣ
سҽأ쳽ԴĶ³һСʱ֮ڸϵǽܲ
һСʱΰЩʵڿᰡ
ǺǣˣһӰɣϼŵֶҪ㣬Լɣس
˵̫࣬˲ţ˵ʽͦŵġ
ϼֶΰʿˮţ˰
֪ɻ˵һ仰˶ĹɼкֻܴܹΪԶˡ
˵ֱ꣬ӹ˵绰˵Ѿˡ
Ҫֶ֪İˣñԼûбҪôĵȥˡ
ΰ绰֮Ҳ  Ȼû뵽绰ôͻȻǸˣӸղصмѾ˺ܶϢ
ϼҪˣһ쳽ԴĶ³ĵ绰  ҵ˶֪ǰһʱ𽺵飬𽺺쳽Դ֮ɼһ·  ǽȾ棬ҲǶһģ½㼸㡣
쳣ļͦ
鿴ŽΰȻЦˣҲһЩаŰ  ̱
ΰ˵һ£ȻֱӳŻҳ˽ȥ  Ѿˣͬʱϳеҷ𽺵Ĺɷݣ
Žΰֱӳ˽ҲЦһ
ΰŸǿɶҷ𽺵ˣͲڵȵ
ܵˣóһݹȨЭҪȥĻǵҲ⣡
ǡ
ΰЩŭԭҪϢ˷һ£  ڿѾûκε뷨ˡ
ΰ˵ãȻǷ飬ҽΰҲῴǵɫǩ֣

ԭΪ⽯ΰҪԥʲôģû뵽һﾹȻôˬ죿  ڣһƺЩɶʵ
ΰ˿ѾһЩȻ֪ǲļٵģתѾǳ˲  ǼٵģЩ۹ƱҲֻܹȥҪȻҷһ磬ǻϾûκεĻˡ
ֻղŽΰûκεĵѾ˵ˣ
ˢˢˢ
ΰǩ֣ȻȥЩ˵ֽ㣬ԼǼҴҵˣ
ΪŸҪȴԼȻǰ;δ֪




1194³
 

صİ칫ң
Ǵ绰ʱȴѾ档
ĵԸǰǲһƵ  Ƶڽ쳽L1³ģƵľǸ߶˴ϵΰ  ȻֻǴԵĿһۣغȵ˶Ѿ׵ʵ
̶̵İСʱ֮ڣȻ˸ߴϵĶֱǷĸо  ƵˣӦÿãǳأʵ
Ѿͨרõ˵¥ˣһѾ׼͵ֶƵأЦŵ
ҲǳֶĿǰһѾǰŵλˣһʮй˾϶ɳˣû֪ͨ
Ǳ߾Ͳ֪ͨˣװڰֵ
ʵһεĹɼ۴ѾǶˣû̫ķա
˵ˣԼ˾εĹɶȻԼ˵ˣ  ֶһֻǣؿʵ
ʱʵ̫ţܹ˶̵ʱЩѾ൱Ĳˡ
쳽Դ飬Ȼ³˰Цŵ
ңһŮҼҪôй˾ܣҡЩ˵
˵ʵûмôĳ棬ʮй˾ܣʲô
ЦŵⲻǸһĻԺ㻹ôõĶ𣿺Ǻǣ˶Ҫģ
ЦŵСأҾֶ˵Ķԣ쳽ԴԺ϶ǷҡֱϵģʱҪ˿ɲֹЩҵˡ
ʼֶ԰ɣ
ĴָĵҪԼҸ˵㣬һ쳽ĸ׼Ͱ̨㣡
̨ڻﲻЩ˼˵
ﵽﲻûκεĹϵǶĿ꣬ڵĿҪռгЩ㶼Ҫͨߵıʱ¶ȥڶʱ𵽺õЧ׳
ЦŵֶʱҴʲôֱӸ˵ҸС˵OKˣ
һOKƣȻ׼ʼɣ
쳽Դ  ˿¥µĻѾ˲ˣЩй˾ͻȻԼоһã  ʵǵĴѾǹˣеĹƱȫͣ
ֻյ׵ĵ绰֮ƺҲúһЩ  ǰ̨չ棬һγһڲLEDĻҲĵţ
ЩѾϤܶ˵ıжǴһ˿ڴ
ΰڵһţ  ǰ˺ĳ棬ҲЩ𾪵ӣ
ʱغȴ˽˿̼ѾǶһžģ  ѡڽʱڵ㣬ǲʲôشϢҪأ
һ߻ûе£ҲЩȲʵ
µļҲһɧ˵ըԵŲҪĶ
һԭ쳽Դһ죬Ƴǵĵһ쳽L1綯ģǴǰˣ
ʲôǰˣ
̳ļһ˷ܣһ˰  ЩҪ˶ˣڽư
ǰˣس
Ϣʵ̫ˣΪһƾļߣҪһôҵܾߣ֪ʲôأ
һŮ߿أƺҲǺܶ˶Ҫʵġ
һڻش㣬쳽L1ķʽʼҿɴɡ
سǿڲŵķָָĵͷ ȻһӣǿڲѾǸƿˣ  ŶҲû˭˰ɣ
ȥһǺ۸²Ͱ
ǰû뵽ǹȻҲľƷҪܹĻǿֶĳ˰
ɲզΣ⳵էһʮϵĺҪǴ綯
֮ǰ쳽һŵأ˵̴ﵽһǧĻʮҲǻк֮ܶͰɣ
ѾһƬ֮ԭЩɫŵй˾ҲѾЩסˡ
ǵĿҲǽıط  ⳵ֱ̫˰ǲ֪Լ쳽ķʲôϵأ
˵ʵڿǽͷöһѵҪء
Ѳ쳽ԴϼŵǸڲƭ˲ɣ  λǣһ쳽ԴƳĵһѾʼ˹ѡַԤδİ֮ھͿʵ
ؿЦŵѾһƬ֮ˣ  ⳵ʵ̫ˣĻǾǹĽ




1195𺳵³۸
 

һ£⳵ǲеļ쳽ģֻеؼ쳽ģ
һʵ̳ĳλ֪ߣǷǳϬġ
ȫ֪ʶȨĻôĺ̫ˡ
ֻǵؼĻ쳽Դռһгܶණڱ˵УЩģ
ؿļߵҿԺԺĸ߸λеļзģûκһͨҹ˾ģ
ˣλĴָϣԳΪ׻Ľ
΢΢һЦллļԣһλ
ʵǣ˵Ǵ쳽һŵĵأд˵еܹһǧҪ֪ĿǰĵؼȻȴﲻ
һλվʵȻԴ˱ʾǳĻɣ  ؿǸߵ˵ʵһǧڳʻ£㿪İٹͣĻֽ
û̫أ⳵ǲǾ͡ǸЩͱ˵ʵ
Цŵλѻûи㶮쳽һŵĵǶôǿǵʱ˵ˣֻҪӵе泤䶼Գ磬һҪ̫Ķ̲䣡

һȦЩ̫רҵҲǲ̫ö  򵥵˵һ°ɣ̫֮󣬻ڵγһַ䣬ַ֮Ϊ泤䣡ַĳʱܳû̫˵ʵȻӰ죬ûκε⣡
صĻ쳣˵ֻҪ⳵ȥϾǿΪֹˡ
ҪʡٵͰһĻʱǼ۸ֵ߰ͲͣҲ̫̫ˡ
ʵӦҲ֪ǴΪעģӦþ쳽Դļ۸ˣһǸղһ£ԤӦòʮԪɣ
һվ˿أʵһ˹עĽֻô
쳽L1Ȼص֮һˣ  һЩ˵й˾ܣЩҲ֪ǸģѲĲɣ  Цŵ˵һǹ˾ļƻɣǼƻڽ֮ǰܹﵽһ
٣
һľʲô׻һҲһǧҰһӾҪ֮һгݶ
Ҫ֪۸һޱȵĻǿɲͨ߿Գܵġ
Ȼ˭Ҫ˲࣡
ͰʮһĻܹĳҲ̫࣡
֮ǰı۱˭ϲܹҲһǻ  һ겻ӦñһЩ
ؿ˵ֻ಻٣Ϊܹȥô࣡
ЩЩܶˣʲô  Ƕ̥Ƕ󰡣
Ͱһ̥ĻҲһְ
ټ̥ĥʲôģʵҵѾǳһˡ
һ޴г  ˿ɶ˾һӾ̻Ҳһļ
쳽ԴԲԵ޹ʵİЩ˸ģѲĻк  ĻǿҪΪ֮ˣ  һлûжۣҲֻܹĵĵȴˡ
ǾֺЩˣ쳽ԴȷǲǲЩ̫ðأ
һ̳ʵ֮óһݣƺҪӡ֤Լ뷨
ؿ˵ǵԴǼ۸ǵļ۸ӦûкܶԸǵĳɡĿǰһL1һΪͬãۼ۴1530򲻵ȣ
ʮ򣿣
һֵʱ򣬼ֱˣ
ʮʲôһʮ򲻵ʲôóĳ͸ӵıˣ
ʮܹĳĻѾԤôһľˡ
ʱϿܵ쳽L1ˣ  Цŵǻ½ƳһЩ߶˳ͣ㲻ͬεҪһ㣬ڹڣǵۼ۾ԲᳬʮԪڵĻһЩ
ž
һ𣬺ܶվڵϸؿʼƣ  һԺһӿ˳һЩҵļ߶ʼĨԼˣ
ǵȴһ̵ȴ̫̫ˣ  򣬹
ĴʻһֱǵĶЩҵý˸оһı  ڣǼҪһΪ֮ˣ
ؿ˼ѵӣЦŵһҪһ顭




1196
 

䶯ţ  ظղŵѾǿɷǳĺ䶯ˣҪ֪һʽǶԼ۸ǶǾԵĿġ
һгǱ޷ģ
̻ͣﵽһǧ൱˵ġ
Ҫ֪˭û»ῪһǧﰡѾǾԵĹˡ
ſ˵Ǹҵһ䶯Եĳţ
ڹڵгһСĴ  ؼЦŵλ쳽Դϱе̣мˣг
˼Ǽ𣿡һ߼ʵ
صͷǰǵĿĲǼѹڵƷƣǵĿҪǹڵгռһĵλʱǻ϶ڵ֪ƷռɵķʽǵĿԣ
صʵͻȻ뵽ģΪһϢһгһش  ϣڵ¬̾ͲԼĿ֮ˡ
ʱҳϣǵĹɼ۾ǲģ  Ȼ
һЩп˵Щ˵һ޴á
Źй˾һ翪̵ĹɼҪˣ  ΢΢ҡͷ쳽ԴϼҺĸ޽ҲûǵͶʵֶѾ˵ˣδǵ쳽ԴĿֻһǾռȫгٷ֮ʮ
ҵθԹԣٷ֮ʮһȫ˰
Ĺԭܿҿܻư
û뵽ϼŻ⻯ױƷһҲˣȻҲôģ
ǹҵҵϣ˰ҪǶҵ׻ƻΪǿ
µļһ˷֮ɫ˭ϣԼĹҺأ
ȻҲǲģ  ؿЦŵ쳽ԴƵǾչʾߣλߣҲӦÿԱߵЩй˾˰ɣ
˵ͷЩй˾ҲһȦĿء
ȻЩ˶иָ뷨ƽ޹ʵӦòܸôĺôɣ
ϼֲǴƼңǻôõǣ  жûĿǰûһĵġ
ΰмأЩļĿص֪ǽйǡ
԰꣡ѹѹ֣ȻֶİţԤδҪʼ쳽L1ǴЩʵԿ׵Ĵҵ

ΰأǶʮҰô  ؿλߵһֶľǾӽ쿪ʼÿҹ˾ɹһֻ̥Ӧÿֻ١
ʵһֻ̥Щҵ˵ֻܹռȫӪյİٷ֮ʮ
мֵһ仰ǿɲһֻ̥ǺǸֻ٣  Ҳ˵Ժֻֻܻ࣡  ϢĿǰڵԵҵɾһǿļ  İ
ΰһҵоˣȻܴӸϸȴһá
ֻҪͦһֽڷ籩ʱǵҵֻ½
˵쳽ԴΪؼʱ̣ʵжһѡ
Կó˼³ִܲ٣صΪԼ׼һ  ΰЩݵ˵Ժ󵫷ܹĵطֻҪһ仰Ǹǣ
ɹѩ̿˿̹ģ  ЩڶǴһΪ͹ʱڣ˵ϼŵǽ˲й˾ѣ
Ǵǰ滹ǳԶ˵ⶼһ˫Ӯľ棡  ؿЦŵλܣҲӦÿˣһǸȨý壬ȻҲϹ˵ҴϼԼϾֶҹͬǩЭ顭
ΰ˵һӿȣ磬翪ӦûһСʱʱ䣡  ЩڲϵĿʼԼĸӣδʮ֮ڣ⼸شžͻ½ĵ½Żվ  쳽ԴҵսԿܺЭ漴ʼǩԼ  һڼһģ  ʵŵļֵȻԶԶѷɫ쳽L1ķȴĿǰľûҲԶӰ졣
ǲƾļߣѾķ𽺹ɴȲͳһ״  浽ʲôĹأֻҪţͻжߣ  ɶµĻûж
⼸δļ֮ڣռͷͷģ




1197±ĸ
 

Сʱҵʱ䣬쳽ԴϢһӾʹ뵽ý壡
ǹý壬ͷͷڿһϢ  ΪĿľ쳽L1͵ͼƬͼ۸
Դļ۸
߸
׻ƣһ

¿˵Ƕţëһ㣬Դ˴ԴķеĹڳ̶ż
һ㣡
һεĿ̣˶ڹעһ쳽ԴдĻã
ôˣ
׿صǱ߿ŹɼۣҲ΢΢һЦ
һԵȿ׵ֶָʼˣʱǵ˽һʮ㰡һӾקȥһٸ㣡
Ҳһܵ˵ָ磬𽺹ɿʼˣǹڵɣȫͣһӾͰѴ̸ˡ
ˣҲǿٹͻת
ȵɫЩ죬óҲǼĺܣ  ЦŵǵŬЩЧģʱ򵽵ǸʲôӰɡ
һ˷ܵĿŵĻƺÿһӶµı仯
ҷ𽺣  ˲δȥϾô̵ʱ֮ڣǻкܶĶҪʰ
˵ҷ𽺵飬Ƕ˵Ѿ˽  ǶţֻҪǵȵǻҷ𽺾ˣ  ˡ
һʰĹɶҷ𽺵ĸܿŽΰĳͣҲǶż˵
һԵĸǺǣǿǸɥ֮Ȯӡ
𶭣ϾҲǵϰ壬⡭һЩ˼˵
ʵǶܽΰݵˣ侮ʯЩҲǱŵġ
ЩȻˣǾûκεĻͷ·ˣǾˣ  ôΰˣҪȻ㻹ĹɷҪߡЦһ
𶭣ʲô˼Ҫô˰ǵģǰʲôֲǲ֪ģˣҲӰɣ
˿ŸǿҲǽΰϲˡ
ӴӴӴܵȥһȦͷ󺹵ġԴĿŽΰ
ΰŸҲЩ֣  һѲûпţŵĻٸԼ˵Բ̬Ȱ  ȥûκεĹϵɣΰ
ǿŽΰ֮ǰǿˣŸСһ߸Ǹ
ǿ㻹ǸūŰΰߺģڻһ
ǿ֮ǰҪ䳰ȷҲԽҲǸֻаٷ֮һĹɷݵСɶѡ˵ˣ۹ɷݣҲڱ˵ǹɣ
ôͻȻĸı⣿ΰǿʵ
ǿһԷʱǾһֱ˵Ǹʱ̲ˡû뵽̫ˣҷôѪһﾹȻǰһ쵰ɷҲҪˣԺֻҪҸ¾ˣ
ɷݲҪˣǣ⵹ϡˣ顭
ΰǿһѾ֪ϢϷԼء
鿴Žΰ 
ǲ֪һЩʲôΰʵ
΢΢ҡͷûСЩ˴ǩЭ֮Ҿȫ̸ǣǵһһжмؼ¼
֪֪ΰ˿ʵ
֪֪ʲô鱻ΰһЩ±Ƶĸо
Ҳ֪˰ǺǣΰҲ΢΢һЦ
ţʲôԸ֮ǰһͷԺҾԲˣǿ
һԵĸ˶ǿһŭǿҲȻĺò  ΰ˵Ĺɷһǻ㣬ϣԺҪʧˣ
ǣģԺǿԲ᷸룡ǿ
ΰŸ𶭣лľҪΪһεΣһϲЩ˵ֻЩעҪʧ˰
ΰʲʲôʧŽΰ鵭ȻҲЩɻ
ΰ˿飬ѵԴ򿪣ǿڵĹ顭
ǣܿĴ˵ԣ  ȫƮ죿ˣ⡭ôܣɴ۾ǰһĻ
Ҫ֪Ĺɼ۾֮ǰϵͣļ۸񣬶ڲͣûˣ𽺹Ѿǿͣ
Ҳ˵̶̵ļСʱ֮ڣЩ˵ʧǧڼƵģ
ͨ
һƨ̱˵ϣղŻЦˣھǸǮˡ
һʯ쾪֮󣬿Ҫײǽˡ
Ϊ⳦ӿ¶ܹˣ




1198²ŵ
 

п  𽺹ɴǣŵһЩƷſʼ
˵һŵƵЧӦһ㣬гʼȶķչ  ĳأ
ڲμĳҪľû飬ԱǹڵĶ⾭רҺͽڸ߹ܣ  ֻŹϣ  λĿǰǹܵΣӰ죬Ѿʼչֳˡ֪λʲôõĶԲߣ
ŹϿɫҲΪأһҵתô׵أ  ҪܵӰ죬Ǿȫ֮ӰƱظӵԶ
һսͬҲչʾ׻ƴλʱˡ
Ŀǰ𽺲ҵ׵壬ӹɵĲڶʱǺƽķ
ǰҵǶǱߵĴͳƣǱߵƣǴ𽺼۸ư
ԣĿǰǹڵȻܴ󣬿ɱϾûԸڵͼ۵ʱ߼ۡ
Ƿ漣ҵʹѾ˰
ˣźܿͻᲨĸиҵֻҪͦȥһ󣬵ʱǿƷͰ϶ˣ
һһţҲûκεİ취
ȻǶǽڷרңǴƣܹıأ
ǵ񣬻޶ȵı׻ܵΣĳʧ͵㡣
Ͽ˵Ѿ취ˣӦûеЧɣ
ϣǿЦɣʱ˭ܹ취ֻܹȶ𽺵ļ۸񰡣
ĳи˿źϣҲЩεĿ˿ϣ  и˵Աߣĳŵ쵼ҲǳϣҲҵˣʵǴ
ŹҲЦŵѾˣΪǹҵҹͣʮֵľ塭
õõãͱҴñ˰ǵ˼ҲʵҺγôأлҪԵ
ϿˣҲЩ΢΢ҡͷ
ʵ쵽ҲЩƣԷĵ㣬Ҳûʲô˼Էˣ
ŹЦŵϰҵ˭
һѣҲ֮ǰһΡϿЦŵ
ǸС֣Цʵ
ϵͷǰС˵Ӧûн˵Ҫ𽺹ȫ
ϣǿЦİɣ𽺹ôأ
ǰϣԲܣгĹ
ǰϣ׻ƾûܹڶ̶̵İʱ̶ȣ
ϣҲҴģԲܵģ
һרҺ͸߹ܶҡҡͷȻǲܵģҪ˵ĻΣʲô
ҲЩƢ˼˶ٵ漣ˣ
ڴһ漣ܹôΰ˶ûм˼ңƾʲôͲԼ첻˰첻أ  ϳλ黹ûնۣһһܣҲ̫˰ɣ
ϣҲǲŰĳеĸ˳
Ҫ˼أ
ʱҲЩƢˣ㣬Ҳǳʵ
Ǹ΢΢ҡͷϣĲܰ˵ĻҵȥǸ
ŹһЩЩԵ˼Ҳǳ˺ˣǽǹΣģǸʲô
ǿ˵ã˵İ
ϣҵ˵ģ˵㻰λ˵ҲЦܹҸǸҵ˰
ǰҲⰡ
ȻЦ˵ģǵǲŵɫ
˵ǰǧС˱ˣŹϿ˳
ţ治Сˣƾĳһ˵ܹʽڵľƣÿ𣿡λЦʵ
ŹʼʵҸҲǾЩ̫ܵģһʺ漣ɣʲô漣ǰѲܵɿܲ𣿡
Ҳ԰ϣڿҪڶʱȶסǵĹУȶסڵľƣܵΣӰ죬һЩ漣ķ
λҲǵͷʵ׻ҲǵһĽڷ籩ĳˡ
һκܶ˶ԵñȽϵĵȻܹ޶ȵĽͷգҲЩרұҪ鲻
λ˼Ҵ˺ܶ漣ҵԸһ漣
˿źѾЩħ˵ӣҲ΢΢ҡͷȻʱһţҲЩܲˡ
ʱҵŸȻƿˣһģӼҴҵ˽




1199Ϣ
 

ô£ûе˰
̸飬ŹϵѾǳ˽ɫһ˿ĳ֮ɫ
ȻҲǱʲô̼ˣԲŻӣ  쵼ԡԲҡе㼤ˣ
λԭҲҪţ̫ˣһЩˡ
ô£ûе˰
̸飬ŹϵѾǳ˽ɫһ˿ĳ֮ɫ
ȻҲǱʲô̼ˣԲŻӣ  쵼ԡԲҡе㼤ˣ
λԭҲҪţ̫ˣһЩˡ
һô쵼˲ˡ
ŹЦŵˣСһȽϵأô
ϣ£д°
СһĿ˵ӶЩ
ʵȻ֪ǰЩ쵼ڿʲôᣬôļ
ڸոգһ̵ʱ𽺹ɾǷһǡ
ҲǹעĹеģһ̳֮˽
ʲô£𣿡
ŹҲǿʵ ȻҲǼ˵ˣƺЩ̫˰  쵼ССǰ
ֱ˵Ľ˵˳һ쵼ֱȦˣ
飬ѻ˵һ㰡ʲôǴǵİУôأʱһһ£̶150˰
λеĸ˿飬ҲǸŵɫ
ŹҲ𾪵Ŀô£
лĻлڵĹС
ŸŽǸԱ̵ͷڵϽ˲
ܿĴĻϾѾǳKͼ
⡭һӻ˽һٸ㣿ôܣ
ǰǵĹôôĹأ
ɲզΣ翴ʱ½һٶ㣬϶ƽ˰
Ƿʲô飿飬ûϢ
һһʵȻҲǱKͼסˣƺ˭Ҳûа취һеʲôԭ򰡣
ЩʼԡԲλ쵼ҡһ̵ı䶯Ҿͳˣһ֪
Źϳʵʲôԭ򰡣
һ֤ȯĸ˵ǷǳеģóԼֻ˿Ȼף𽺹ȫƮ죬֮ǰЩͣĶǿǣһⰡ
ȫǣһ⣿Ź𾪵Ŀλ֤ȯĸʵ
һ⣬֮ǰɣҲȫֱӽ̸ˣ̫ǿ˰Ҳ֣һ˵Բܳİ
λ֤ȯĸҲһͷˮĿˣȻҲû뵽ôܻᷢأ
Ϊ֤ȯҵʮ꣬ûпηء
̫죡  һ̫˰  ûа취ͨ⵽ôһ£ˣ
ҵ찡ǿѾӽԭλ˰
ǰ⵽ôһ°Ҫ֪֪
һʲôǲ֪ģ̶̵ļСʱ֮ڣôܻˮһĲأ
ú죬û뵽֮ҾȻܹ˵ʢ
µЩ쵼Ҳһļ˵ֱǹɽһ㰡
Źϳ飬ڽһʮ֮ڸҲһеô£
ǣ쵼ұ֤񣡡
Ҵҵͳ绰Ͳ˳ȥ˵һҲҪ֪Ķ  ϣûа취Ͱλ֤ȯĸ΢΢ҡͷ
ŹЦŵôҲһ²һܹסǶԺӦΣŲɹõİ
ҲֻеϢ˰
ǸҲ΢΢һ̾ڶǼȹϵϣΪ˭Ҫ֪⵽׷ʲô飿  ûˮʯ֮ǰǿ϶Ǻ˼˰  ϰĪСֵĶŹϿźϳʵ 
ϵҲϹ˵΢΢ҡͷ⡭ҾͲˣҸопܰ
ϣ˵ʵһǲţɡ黹ûа취͡˵ǸĻǡֻ˵̫ǿ˰
λ֤ȯĸҲ΢΢һ̾Ȼʵ̫˼ˡ
˻޷ԸǺǸ˵ĹͣҪ֪һ˸ıеô˵ǿʲô̶Ȱ
ŹϳһվˮʯģڵЩԸźˣλСҲǼģǿ
˭ϣһǾ仰СӵĻһǸһǼҵԭΪԲĳܹóġ
λеĸ˴˿Ǻ˲٣ǲԸ飡  ʱһЩЦŵһ᲻н𣿡




1200¡ӡ
 

Ҳ֮ǰҪɺܶˣ
ǣЩ˶ûгֵ£һ޴ĺϢ
ܿľʹ˽ҲǴһ˿˿Ĳ˼飡
ˣʵ飬զ°
ӸܹϢӦһ쳽ԴĹ˾һεϮս
Ȼ쳽ԴرϤЩ֣  쳽ԴҺ˵֮ǰ˵Ƴһأǿ󣡡
ĳЦŵΪȽϵĹעһ飬Ҳ֪һЩġ
쳽Դ˵һ㻹ҪСȥǸ˰ϿŸղǸеĸ˹һֵ
ϣ⡭Ӻ˵𰡣Ѳ쳽Դ˵ǸйϵҲûȷ쳽ԴƶһεĹб仯ɣ
ǸеĸЩǿźƶӣЩо̫õӣ  ˵ˣأ˵˺ӮʵնӮңֻƺЩȥĸо
ŹϿźЦŵϣͱ˰ӦѾ֪һЩ˰ɣ
ҲС־͸˵һ£˵Ӧÿƣֻû뵽Ȼķ˵˵
һ쳽Դ֮ҲǷ  Сֳ˰ʵҲǣСֳֵĻôڶ̶̵ʱ˷츲صı仯أ
ϴ˿ҲһİοСֿһ漣ĵ߰
쳽ԴͻȻʱһΪ쳽L1ĸᡭ
һķܹе𶯣Ǹеĸ˳ʵ
Цŵȷܣǽ쳽L1ҪҪﵽ̨
٣̨Ҳ̫˰ɣǵĹʲôʱô˰λеĸ΢΢ҡͷ
ȷǿĻ˿ȥˡ
ܿ죬ѾµźͼƬָλ쵼ССӣǲһĻλڶٺʣ
̨ʽȷǷǳĺÿҲÿܰɣһʵ
Цŵģüͣҿһǧ
鿪ʼ֮ǰܵĶһ飬õµǰŶһĿ࣡
ǰɣ飬ôǿ⳵ĻҲ40𲽰ɣ̫ǿ˰
ǰͳÿʡǮһ궼һٵİɣ
Ҿʮ𲽣㿴Ӹܳûɶ˰
Ļǿۼ۶һɣôǿĻۼۿ¡
Щ쵼ȻҲǶ֮ˣʵԽǶԽܹ֪еļֵ
ŹϿȻСǲ£ҿӦü۸񲻻̫ߣҲ25ң
ϣĴָۼ1530֮䣡
15ǡֻҪ𳵵˶ܹ𣿶һôʡͣ˵ʵֻҪаԤ˶ῼһ
λ֤ȯĸЩĿ飬Ҳ̫  Цŵ쳽ԴԼĹٷۼۣһε𽺹ɺ͹ɴǾǸйء
˵꣬齫署һ飬й˾ǩЭȵȡ
ֲùֲá
ҲһѪڣ̫ˣҪĻ˵̨һǧ̨Ҳһհ
ֳ۴ܻǴǾǶİ
ž
ŹһӵȫһǻЧӦôõԺǽӴóѡ幤ҵҪ
ϣҾӦôְ֧
ǰϣҾӦǫ́õ֧֣ǸŻҲǿԵġ
ǻȾһ⣬⳵ȫڸǹҵĻⰡ
ɲզأǹҵ⣬Ǵиҵķչ
һ£õǹÿҪʡȥٵú̿ȷǿԴ
ŹϹһЦϵһµİϣ⹫˾
ʵСֵǺǿģתͷ˿ղŸԼĵǸĳеĸЦŵСҲԩ
ǣϣ˵˭ʶʶϣţɱҴŰ
λҲķڷʵ̫ˣ




1201漣
 

ǰϣ˵˭ǰû˵
һԵλ֤ȯĸҲЩƵʵ
˶һͷˮĿźϣϵıܹĻţ  Цŵ˽ף
ףֻǲϤ
ǰϣҲûǸʲôİ
ֻİĺܣоǺܳû뵽ȻĳĶ
ף֮ǰ˵쳽Դһ˾Ͷʵģˣ
µ˶һɵĿźϣȻֶ˵ʵЩİ  ϿЦŵû˵ΪСЩʱ͵˸ʶ˭ˣĹ˾
ŹϹһЦ˵ĶԣСֵȷǹ͵ġĹ˾ǿ϶˵
ѽѽ˵ϡϣǾͲҪ˰涼İ
λеĸЩ˵Ҫ֪ľԼ˭
ϺŹȴһֱӣ
һԵЦŵϼŵĶ³ɣһҿҲᵽϼţ
ϹһЦ鲻һӾͲ³ˣ
ʲôϼţļٵİǸױƷģ
ϼſţ˰˵ֵ˰Ӫҵĵһ˰
ֲùֲã˵֮ǰ˵ܹ漣أϼűһ漣
ǰϼھ˵ҪǿĵһλҪ쳽Ļǻɵģ
׻Ҫǿһλ˰ϲɺذ
һϼţ˶ըһ㣡  ϼſν쳣ܶ˶֪ôţܹ֯һ㶼֪
˺ϵһεᵽϼ⼸ֵʱҲһ˷ܰ  λ֤ȯĸ˿źϵϣϼţ
⻹м٣ҸһϢϿ֤ȯĸ˺ٺһЦ
ϣͲҪ˰ɶϢϼҪаɣһУǿǷ
λ֤ȯĸ˿źϣҲǼĸȹϵһ㡣
ϽôһֱӰʵЩоܲ˰
Цŵٺ٣ҲһӾͲµˡλҸ˵ϼѾڳﻮˣĻҪһνڷ籩
СôΪסаɣŹϳС֣һĺӰ
ϣʵ֮ǰСֻһ롭ϿŹЦŵ
Ŷʲô룿ŹҲȤʵ
СҪʱ֮󣬽Ĳҵȫ׸ҡϳ
⡭ļٵİŹ˴ˣϢʱҲһ𾪵Ŀźʵ
̾һļٵҾͲ֪ˣС˵ûвʵֵġҾһӦ˵ҲǼٻɡ
ϼҪңһ뷨Ƿ񰡣
ϼҪǹ˹еĻǶڹҿһ۲۵Ĵ°
ҲǣϾ˼ҵĸ˲ƲܹһЩо˼飡
Ҫһﰡоǲ˼鰡
µҲһȦʵЩ˿ôһ˵;ˣ
Ǻεȵǲܹó鰡  ЦŵӦҲڣС˵ʱɣ˵ڻ𲽽׶Σ
ɶҲ𲽽׶Σǰɣλеĸ𾪵˵
ЦŵϼŴӳҲŰҵʱ䣬𲽽׶ΰɣϼŵĲҵֲϵţ˭֪һСܹʲôأ
ҲǰλֶǸˣϽҰѻߣֶǱһԵǸ
λеĸˣ˿Ц˵ģһҲû˵ִܸУ  ȥǳĿģһˣķڷˡ
ЦŵˣЦ֮ԶѣҪǵĹͬŬСֵİȹһεΣ˰
˵վ̫СһεķսȷǷǳľʰ
ŹܽʵҲһĸˣһεķս幤ҵһ  쳽Դֻһͨڿȴܹ֧幤ҵİ˰  ᳡һƬϲٽ˵ǷǳĿģ  ΣŸոտʼҲӦø˵ʱ  ɺõĿʼǳɹһ룬ٴ˵׻ƵǿҲʼչǰˡ




1202Я
 

º󣡣  ھһķƽ˾֮һεĿʼ
Ȼ𽺹ɼͦһӣվֲĳѹջǿʼ»䡣
ûеôĿţһ׶Ϊ쳽L1ķ
ʵʵĹɼҲǲĺܣĲ˽ΣļӾ硣
֪һЩ̣ҲǷ׷׵Ŀղѣ
쳽L1ʵ̫ǿˣǿһ̾ĸо
˿TΣʽHKҲܵ˲
ϼܲ
һʱ䶼ڹעŹ飬Σ֮ҲǽӦΣ
ֶ
ռܲҲ¶һ˿ǳЦ˵ʵΣϼŻûʲô̫Ĺϵ
ܲ˰׿˿ռܲ΢΢һЦ
ռܲһҿһʱ䶼æҲûô㣡
Ǻǣ˾еô˰׿ռܲʵ
ٶڲٰ죬ӦҲ˰ɣ
ռܲЦŵʮֵɻ˼һǱŪš
׵ͷţϻױƷHKУԳ鷳һЩ
ǽУ
ռܲҲ𾪵ʵԭһֱΪҪڹأ
쳽ԴڹУϻױƷHKУ˿HKҲ춯ƵƵ
Щ쵹о˲ٵĹϢڵķҲǷǳǿ
ʽڳѾǴHKȿ¶Ҫˡ
ռܲһ˵HKкЩʽӿ룬治Ǻ°ѡʱУзհ
ЦŵȻзյģպͻ治𣿺ǺǣҴȥHKһˡ
һȥռܲʵ
벻ȥǺǣһ׶ιЩ̫æµˣҪȻҴȥɷɣȥHK
׿ռܲ˵ģҲһʵ

ռܲһûзӦĹû뵽׾ȻԼһȥHK
ô˰ҪǲԸĻҲǿ󣡡Цŵ
ЯΣȻһζ  ֻйŮĳȥô˸氡
ռܲƺѾ뵽ʲôһɫЩ˭˭˵Ҳȥ˰ҡⲻȥ
ʲôԣҡ
ĻռܲҲѾ쵽˲Ӹϡ
һڵҡȥ˹һ棬Сȥһֱûлᣡ
һ׼ܰȥţûȥĳɣЩźʼ
ռܲ׵ǡһδܰȥ
ܰһпڴɣһȥҪ£ϾHKҲһ°׳
ãǡһȥ׼׼
ռܲףֱ  ʵϣԼûһ׼ԭΪһӦһȥģԼ䲻ף
ϾԼһѾŮˣֶô㣡
ȻҲй룬ʵͻվһ޷Խľ룡  û뵽ڽ죬׾ȻȥHKһЩˣ
׿ռܲЦŵûʲô׼ģǱʲôûеǺǣİɣһȥһȼһ빤Ҫôѹ
ɡ⼯ô찡ڵĻ
ռܲЩƵĿףϼÿҪǳĶࡣ
һڵĻǿ˵תѰ  ΪܶĶҪģռܲһֵ
ȻȥΪԼ˽ϼܾ޴ʧĻǾЩòʧ˰  ׿ռܲһֵ˵ܲ㻹Ǹ񰡡һ굽ͷûеϢ㻹ܼסһԱ
⡭ⶼӦģ˵ʵǳɾ͸УռܲҲ΢΢һЦ
׿ռܲʱķһҲܹһֱôæµɣʱӦһ˵ܲˡ
㡭㲻Ҫ˰ռܲ⻰һ˵Լһεĺˣ
׿ռܲôܲҪأһҵˣⱲӿɶҵ˰
ռܲԼ˵Щû뵽˵Ǵֱӣ
ҡҲ˵ռܲ졣
׿ռܲЦŵܲõλҸˣȻаˣİɡ
ţҶġ
ռܲףҲ΢΢ĵͷһξߢģǵҲһа𣡣  ЩסܲǾͶɣǶȥHKĻƱܲõѡڿǿǡ




1203µִHK
 

HKУϣٹʾƵ꣡  ʾƵHKϲΪHKʢǼƵ꣬HK˵Ľġ
ϣټΪͳľƵҵȫӵнһǧټҾƵ꣬νʵģ൱ĺ
ԣϣپƵ꣬ʹŷ
׺ռܲ˳ɻHKУһռܲԶݻľƵꡣ
һĺͳ׼䣡
˿ȥʲôŵĶ³ܲãǿȥһ¡
ֻܹסͳ׼˲Ǻܶ࣬Ҫ֪ͳ׼һķҲ൱ĺ˵ġ
ȻˣĿǰλ˵ʵֻܹëëˡ
ֶ֡ռܲ׵Ҷͳ׼䣬һһ䣬иӦ
٣ܲ㶨Ƶ൱ԸHKȫ
׿ռܲ΢΢һЦ
ռܲ⣬ҲЦЦֶͺã
׵ܲԺֶֶĺˣֱӺ׾ˣǶôˣ
ռܲҲˬһţҲеŤȻĻҾͺ׺˰
׵ͷһδҪǴɷɣ˳ʲôģ
ռܲ¶һ˿Цʵ˵ϰ尡Ҫﰡ
׹һֵܲһô࣬ôҲһϼŵɣ
ߣ˵İҿɲ˰ռܲҲǰ뿪Ц˵
HK֮ǰѾϹͨˣһϻױƷڹУת쳽ԴڹС
HKع飬HKҲ׻Ƶһӣ
HKкڽУʵϲûж
ϻױƷһHKеĻ˵ʵHKжҪϻױƷĲʼˡ
Ҳͬ׵뷨öǵĽΣ׵ĿܾHKβ׻ơ
Ȼ뷨ȻҲֹġ
˼ѾHKݽ룬鱳ڲԷǳѸ٣  ˼ڰ֮ҲϵHKϾǵµĴ¡
ԼҪģҲǵȴŻ˼ϢһǰHKʵҪռܲһദĻѡ
ټöռܲҲЩǷʱǰHK
ռܲشǰɳϣȫǵľɫףطͦİ˵ʵһûסôõĵطأһοǸϰմˡ
ɵøлϰ尡׿ռܲЦһ
ռܲһֿʼƶˡ
Цŵ컹ûʲô飬˼ǱҲ֪ʲôʱã֮ǰҿеʱɷɵģȥô
Ҳ֪Ҫȥʲôطȥ桭ռܲЩƵ˵
Щˣȥ˹ɣое̫ˣȥ·ʲôİɣ־ú׸׵һΣе㲻˼
ڸоԼûʲôرȥĵط
׿ռܲЦһ˵ܲŮܵе㰮ðɣɱ˵İþǹ˼ҹ֡·Ӱɶܵеɡ
ǡ˼̸ռܲϸ˵ɫҲЩߺ֮ɫ
׹һֵǶһˣЩСһ
㡭㻵ռܲǰ׼ȥףһѱסռܲȻԵĿѾͷӸռܲٺ٣벻뿴Ҹʱ򡭡
һϷ֮  ҲǷſЩռܲǰռܲȷһǵҲһȡ
ôһ֮ռܲƺҲЩſˣ  ׵ĹϵҲǽĽ֮ǰһ˿˿ɬҲѾʧ
׿ռܲЦŵܲҪȻȥ֣
ˣ  ׺ռܲ˵⻰ʱſһ  ռܲЩɻ˹ȥţ
һžƵԱεӿЦŵãӭסϣٹʾƵ꣬Ϊͳ׷Ĺҽ߳ΪҽгһϣҪͨʽϵңҶʮСʱ浽
ÿһͳ׷һϣپƵɫ  Ͼܹסͳ׷ˣݺ͵λˡ
ռܲЩоֵֹĿųһϵǸҪ˰ɣ
OKԲҲλˣҪϵҡ
һϹ׼뿪Ͼ˼ҿƺ̫ԸԼվߡ
Щ˿ɶǲԹɫĸ֣Ͼ˿ȥᣬ˼ЩɬҲġ
׿ųһϵȵȣиҪһ£Ƚɡ
һһ㶣Щѯʵ˵ˣһǲģ˵ҽ߳Ϊġ
װڰֵû£ɡ
һʼ磬ȻǺðɣǵһС
ռܲʵףǡ
׿ռܲЦŵܲǶHKֲϤȻ˶벻ȥʲôطĻǾ˼£Ͼ˼ǵͷ
λҪҸطһ棿һϿЦʵ
š׵ͷ
һЦŵǾҪҪʲôˣֻҪأȥأǲμһЩأ
ôѡ˵˵¡׵Ц




1204˹
 

ϣٴƵ꣡
ʵһ˴ϣپƵĶ㣬ҪΪ˽һЩҵġ
ǶǸݿ˵ҪģҪȻϣٴƵôЩΪͳ׷Ŀ˷أ
ȻְҵڣȻļֵģ
Ȼˣܹסͳ׷һ㶼ǷǸҪһЩҲġ
һϵҪЩ˵ҲǱһҵѡ
ȻˣҲǿ׬Ǯģ  һϿǰ׺ռܲдһ˿HKųƶҹǣȻҪ˽һµĻҿԸܽҵ񣡡
ţ˵˵ɡ׵ͷ
һЦŵλʵͶһЩ繺֮ʵ⸽ѾʮֵȫˣҾͲһһˡҪΪСһЩĶҵǿԸƼһط
һһ治̫ۣ΢΢һЦ
һǸˣѰ֮ôķأ˵طɲһŶ
һЩص˵
Цʵ˵˵
һϳһµͷHK˹һμӣԼǵĺöҲԸһϸ¡
ݵһʲôȥ𣿡
ռܲЩ۷Źʵ˵ʵһʮŮѣôʵҲԼĴ档
ǣǺǣÿһ˹棬Լܶһǡ
һЩмһЦʵǸ棬νǲʲôǡ
Цŵôһ˵ƺ˼
һЦŵСǷģ˹ǿݺ͵λ
׵ͷǾȥطɣ
һϿЦŵ˹Ҳκ˶ܹȥģÿһȥҪı֤𣡡
򣿣ռܲЩһʵΪʲôҪôǮ
ʵһѹҲûָǰܹȥ
Ҳ֪϶ûлģһɹأ
Ҫ֪ÿƼһ˽ı֤һϾͿԵõʮԪ
Ȼˣ˹ÿ²ſһΣҲ˵ɵĵطһһϵҲֻĴλȥ
ĴλᣬֻҪɹȥһ˻˵Ļô׬ˡ
һζʮ൱һرˣ
ֻǳһһռܲӣоûϷˣҲ΢΢ʧ䡣
ʵҲǺܹܶ࣬ȥĿɶHKһλˣһһЩĸĽʵҲԽύһЩѵġ
һϾȥȰǰˣ˵Ҳҽˡ
׿ռܲЦŵżһˣҲǺõ˵ˣҿɻû͹һôҲ̫ΰɣʲôöĻǡ
ɡ򡭡
ʵռܲһһǮŮˣ֮ǰҲǱ֪ǮҪԡ
Ȼڸ֮ԽԽˣǶϧˡ
ռܲĸҲһʺܴĿȻÿǮ
һϿռܲЦŵеǧһЦλСʡǣҾֻĶܹСʡý˹ϻһǳʯ֮ģ
ܲȥ׿ռܲЦʵ
ռܲЩԥĿ׵ҪҪȻǾ⸽һɣǡǶһоͷǳĹ󰡣
΢΢һЦ㻹ҪʡǮôΰǮҲ꣬ҪȻҸ᣿
һϿ˿ףһĲмһﻹŮǰ  ǮĻꣿݸҲӰɣ
һϵϲĻΪֻл׬ȡӶ𰡣  ռܲʵǳĿģԼҪõʲôöˣ׿ΪԼǮ
һΪԼǮˣܹ˵Լⲻ
׶ԼۿĻռܲҪҲȥĵطˡ
ռܲͷ׶ųһϵһǹȥ
ȷҪȥȷĻϵǱߣһСʱ֮ǳȥۿΣ
һһҪȥҲһεȷϵ
׵ͷУһСʱ֮ǹȥOK˰
һЩĵͷû뵽һξȻ˸ˡ
ȻһЩţ˼ҲԸ⻨ȥİʵһ˹ŵĻǵʱѿǺŵġ
һҲûɶϵѵԽ࣬õӶҲԽࡣ
һϣپƵ꼸òǮǿӶҲܹķǳ  ʵڵʱ䣬һһʹôλȥ˹š
Ҫǹ˽ĻҪ׬Ǯ͵õȵһλˡ
ֻҪ˽˱֤Ļʱʮȵˡ
߳䣬һЩ˷ܵĻԼȭͷ뿪ߣҲȥ·ˡ




1205֮ͬʱ
 

˹ţ  Ҿ޴ͣHKάǸ۵ĸһϴ׺ռܲߡ
׺ռܲ˵Ĵ磬ҲЩˣ  Ҫ˵ľףҪ֪һμĳϣϵı
Ǵһз͹ˣҿȥ·ƺҲզΣ  ԱߵλŮʿóһЩ۾
һɫĳһɫĽţп㡣
ĴϿ϶ûʲôģռܲòͷʾǿԱ֤ġ
˹ϣԵþЩˡ
Ů˴ĿɶҪһҲΪ˿϶֪μϵĹء
񿴵˴ӣԼǴһҲǿЦѡ
ȥȥμ˸߶˵ĻԼǲһ㣡  ˼ǿˣ˴ʲôԼûκεĹϵģϾ˹ҲûôĹ涨
Ȼˣ⴩һԼ׳ɵĹأȴҲһЩࡣ
ֻʵЩ̫ۣóһЩԲ
Ӵǣϸ磬
һϴ׺ռܲո֣ӭһһ֮ˡ
кμʤͳһϵְҵЩƣ
ֻһҪǸϣپƵһƬμʤǸƵꡣ
ͬͬУ⿴ȻǻĲ˳ˣ
ʤУҲˣһϿ˿μʤʵ
ϸ簡Ѿ˵˰۰μʤЩ԰ڵ˵
һϱǵǺܲ׬ǮOK˰
˵ϸ磬ˣμʤ˿׺ռܲЩмʵ
һϳôˣ𣿡
ŶŶŶԿԣֻֻЩడ
μʤ׺ռܲĴЩ̲סЦ
һϿźμʤʤУû°ߵĿ˿ɲܹģ
ǣϸ֪ҵĿѾ˶𣿡μʤڿʼ԰
٣
һϺͺμʤõHKԣһ˵Ҳġ
ռܲЩģ֪˵˵ʲô
ǸųһϹģҲֻܹˡ
ѾǧˣμʤųһЩ˵
ǧ򣿡һһ
˹ϣƷ֮⣬ԵĶֵֻһнס
ǧȻڶĳˣĻҲ˴ĳֵ  ôˣֻҪ˳ֵڳһҲǻõһʲƵӶġ
ǧҲǿԵõӶġ
Ҫ֪Ȼֻǧ֮һܴ󣬾˵һһϵõӶʲô  С˼˰һҴĿݿǷǳģAMǮຮ˼ҿ۰ڡ
μʤųһϣ¶һ˿Ц⣬һεĿ˿׺ռܲǴŲм
ʵϣôʲôʸ񿴲ܹ˹ŵĿأ  Լţ棬һϴ˲̫ţԼӦĿ׵ˡ
һϿźμʤҲһƵ˵ǹϲˣ
ѽ˵ˣһȥǮȥһأҲ֪˼ҪӮأһҪӮˣҸʮǡ
μʤһԾ̼һϵģʵ֮ͬһ㶼
ѹƱչԼ  μʤʵܶʱǱһϸѹƵģ⿪źԼˡ
źμʤЩֻߵӣҲһڵʲô⡭
һߣ  ףֺռܲվڼװϣ΢΢ĺ磬оһ⡣
һԵЦŵҪϲһҰ
ҿɲҪȻÿҾòʵáռܲһЦݵĿ׵
һưǸղűμʤ̼֮Ҳһܡ
׵Ļ֮ЩҪȥĳ嶯
ҪǴж󶼲֪
˹ţ˵ֵʮҰݻĶ˵  ӣϾ˼һ͸Լ׬˶ʮӶǿǽ
Լл˼һأһϳ׺ռܲķ˹ȥҪȻȥǱ߽һ·ãǾͿԻýڲĹˣ
ţܲȽȥɣСҲ˵ˣһһؿҪһһҹʱأеʱ俴羰Цŵ
ռܲһȻųһϺ׳ڲĽɷѴ˹ȥ
˹ţɷѴ  طҲǷǳݻΪǴףٶЩһЩ
˿̣һϿźμʤЦеһѵĳ˹ҲɫЩ̫ÿ
ӴҲɷѰ
μʤƺżˣųһϵ˹ȻͣǱߣеĳ벻ϵ˵ǰε




1206Ƶĳһ
 

˵μʤܵҲ̫һɣ
һЩ̲סˣһһǧĳ룬͹Լˣ
֪Լ߲ܶһôĳ룬һﻹŲҲ˰
һЩˣһѾ˾Щ鲻ˬ
ڿһﻹŲҪһĳԼǲˬĺܡ
μʤ΢΢һЦ˵ϸ磬ǸʲôҾ뿴Ƕһٳ
Ƕһٸʲôϵ
һҲҪӵˣһһǧ룬Լֻǽ˽ȥ֤
ܱ
һҪıһĻָôԼأ  ׿ųһϵС£ȹȥɡ
õһϹ׵Ǻصġ
һԵĺμʤЦŵ׻İ
йϵ
׿˵ӣ֪һϲɫ۾˵ˡ
ϲˣȻҲʲôɫһˡ
μʤҵģ׶Щ̲ӣҲǼҪҪҲѰҿԸһAMĶŶ
μʤʲôҵĿˣʲô˼ܸǮຮ㰲ʲôİ
һŭˣźμʤЩŭ
μʤųһŭˣ΢΢һЦðɣȻǾ͵û˵
˭˵Ҳģ׿һŰӣҲǳ
ס
ռܲһ׸˼ҸˣҲ֪׵Ƣġ
ֻĺһףʾҪ̫嶯ĻҲ˵
Ϊȥֹ׸ԼҪɵκεġ
С¡׿ųһϳ
ɲҪ嶯ǮຮAM⣡һȰο˵ʵҲ֪μʤǹġ
Ǯຮʲôˣʵ̫ˣ  һＸÿһ˹лΪкܶ฻ϲǮ
С飡
һ˿ǧڵĶľǷǳӴ󣬿Щ۰УЩľֲһ¶ѡ
ʵ˵Ǯຮˣ˭Ҹأ
ÿ궼кܶĽΪһöķɣǶԸǮຮһġ
ǲںǮһЩõ˻ܴӶӮһЩǮ
Ժܶ˶Ըȥһ  ˵һ䣬ǳףôأ  ΪлӮǲŻ֮ͣҪȻľ棬˭Ҳôɵģ  ȻӮĸֻ֮һ֮һ
Ǻܶ˶ԸⳢһÿ˹ŶԾܶ˹ۿġ
ѽʧʧû뵽ȻҲǴи֣
μʤһ׾ȻҪǮຮս˹ŻûʽʼҲЩղŻԼûжأ
ҪҪǸҵֵĻҪһԼһЩ룬ˬˣ
һϿźμʤμʤʲô˼ǷҪҹȥˣ
׿ųһϵϲңҲϲŻҡȻƣǶи棬ҵһǳĺá
⡭ԾɡģɱһϹưһϿ΢΢ҡͷ
׿ųһϵѲҶ໨ǮûӶã
п϶СһҲɫһ죬˵μʤˡ
ҪǮɶģôֵ֧ģ  ԼĿ˷ǳǮô˼һҲǾúܺõġ
׿ȥǸͷһ㣬ϣһϵ
׿ųһЦŵȻĻҵǮӶⲻǺܺõ
ɡҡһȰԼһ£ȻҲ֪Ҳ˼룡һʼ
Цŵҿ㵹ǲ̫ʺϸһУ̫ˣ
ҡ
һЩƣĺȰ㣬㾹Ȼˣǹҧʶİ  ׿ųһϵ˵˵ɣղ˵ǸʲôԾʲô
һϳ淨㣬һζעһǧԪԡ
ţǾͰҶһһǧһ׿һԵռܲЦŵ֮ľҪһǧ˰
ɶ⣿ǾȻ֮ģμʤҲҡҡͷ
ϽһϿźμʤҲŭһ
ߣ߾ߣ֮ģҿλֲǡ
μʤԼĳ뿪ˣӿȥǷ顣
һϿ׺ռܲǲ˼С㣬⡭һ
һԵռܲ׵ף㻹ҪǶưǿǶ
ĵľǸ߰ɡ
ķ˹ȥҲģȥˡ
һγΪ˸ռܲһģʶʶҲһȤ




1207
 

˹Ŷ¥֮У
˿һѾʮˣһʮµȳȵһ࣬һһʮµӣ
ӵԱվһŮˣȥʮֵ죡
ӣּ˰
濪֮ˣǴ˵еĶǮຮǮຮĺһμʤվǱߣԵ÷ǳС
ӣֽHK׸ҵĶӣ
ʵʯ弶ˣHKҲԺա
һŮûʲôģŮҲǻһһ磡  ΪǮԺܶŮ˶Ըһ
ϾҲһĺûᣬһЩǣǸǶжӡ
ǲϵԼعʣ
Ǯȥߵʱ򣬿ӮǧһȻҲҪ˰ٺһЦ
ȥһ˹ţʱҲǱ̬Ǯຮһѣ  û뵽һõˣֱ˶Ǯຮ
һʱҲΪһμѻһˣϣ֮ǰĻԻ͡
Ҫ֪ʱ䣬ԼΪ˿еˣ
ֻǮຮĻյӿνǳǰ˰ǮຮͻȻоԼЩˣ
Ǯֺαǫأǲöѣҵһֱȥġ
ԴӮǮຮ֮ҲǱﵽһ㣡  ǾͿʼɣǮຮ΢΢һЦ
ʱһϴ׺ռܲ˽ռܲһĿⶼռܲˡ
˵ʵôŮǰ崿ȴʧʵŮǷǳĺ  һӣӶ쿴ĵˣ
ŮŮ  оԼ˺ɶɼһһΣǮຮĶľָоôҪˡ
˵ӣǿʼɣ
ǮຮһﾹȻŸŮˣԼĻǿһ㣬Ҳǳ
úúãʼʼĿ⽥ջأʱʱĶռܲķ˿
ռܲЩƵĺܣҲ֪ûа취顣
һԵ׾൱ĲˬˣСҲ̫Լ˰ɣ
ԼŮ˾ôţ
һϿ׵ӣǧƽϰۿǲ
˭
׿ųһǶ߶µӣҲЦһʵ
һϵǡǿHK׸ĽĶ
ףǡԱ߲𣿡ռܲԱվŵŮˣҲЩ˵
ţǾǵһ𳿣˵ڸϰСûƭɣĿԼٵǵģ
һϿռܲЦŵ𳿵ڿǷǳĴġ
ռܲٺһЦһлɵøϸӰȻҪǩ
׿ռܲЩֵӣҲû˵˵ܲڰɣֲûмǡ
˵ռܲǿɲͬ۴ѧУʱǶǿȥ˺ܶġ
һЩʴƣģҲǺѽӴġ
׻ǲ֪ռܲôˣ  ռܲЦŵѽףⲻҪȻһHKɶ˶ûмʱȥǺܶˣ
ðɣҲεʼ
˿̣ľѾǽ뵽˰ȻĽ׶Σ˵ĿҲǱһĳ˹ȥ
ǧȫˣǮຮΪŵĿ˿ȻЦŵ
٣˵ǮŻҰѾˣӮˣҾͲܴճҸˡ
һӽԼǰĳȫ˳ȥȻռܲķһۣ
еҲû˭ˣһԵ𳿿ϵĳռܲķ˹ȥеļ֮Ҳȼ  ˵ʵԼҲòǰŮƺ۴ӳࡢʻ涼ҪԼһЩ
ЩŵĴ֮⣬ĶҪԼǿ  вŻΣУ
ټԣ𳿺ȻоԼһθǶˡ
ԴӸ̸֮һֻ˺ܶ࣬ӲȶһǵһͷƣҲ˼µʱ䡣
ȻҪٳ߸ͷһһ˺ţǿνһ˰  κһвǱڶ֣ȼܶ־ģ
һӮˣһӮˣҲְǮຮû̫ԥֱӷԼĵƣ
  ֮Ҳ㶣ԭΪһҪӮǮຮû뵽һĳ˸  ˿̵Ȥƺ棬վ˸Ȼָвѣ´ɣ
˵꣬ȻֱӾվռܲķ˹ȥ




1208Թźնˮ
 

һֵˣԱߵʵϸܲסνѣ  λԵȣ  ֮仰ȨԵȵһҪأ
ڸȷϵ֮ʵҲŲϡ
˵ţԼǾԲš
ý׷ʵʱǿջЦΪ⡣
ʵ˵ʲô֪ܲأ  ѾõҪĶҪһ
һ˵ҪһϲʵѾǴˣһ˹ѹϷһ֮Ҫ
֮ģǿð㲻Ԣ⣡
һԼĻʱýȻԼȾǸʱľ߶Ǹˡ
ֻû뵽ȻһεĿʼҪ۶ˣ  ôܲأûа취ֹȴа취ȥռܲ
λŮʿ֪ܷ֪ķأ
ռܲķ˹ȥռܲĸǰͣ˽ŲȻ΢Цŵ
ռܲĿдųˣҲһĲϲ
ռܲ΢΢ҡͷ˼Ҳʶ㣡
סˣһԭ׼䳰ȷҲסˣ⻹Ů˲ʶģ
ܹݣ
𳿵ĵһӦŮܹݣعôߣHKĸŮ˲ʶʯأ  ֮ҲǺٵ˵С㣬Ȼ˵ĻҾҽһ°ɣҽ
˵ûȤʶ㣬Ҳظˣллռ̲ܲ˵
ʵϣѾϼŵܲãҲǼ˴ˣ
ȻˣڶЩνǮ˻ˡ
˭Աǳֻ˼ˣҲߵġ
ټռܲߣǿϼŶ³ף۶ܹڵִڣ  HK׸ĶӣռܲУ
еıݶ磡
οռۣܲҲ൱ĺ˵ģ  Ů㻹ĺи԰ϲһֵ
һԵǮຮ΢΢һЦӻǷΰҿ˼СԱҲа飬Щ̫ʰɣ
Ҳ֪ǮຮڰռܲѣĿѾǳɹĶ׵ϣ  Թźնˮ  ǮຮҲ΢΢ҡͷϵŮˣܹͳĵģλŮҲˡ
΢΢һЦλи顭
飿ûʲôȤ׿ϲûκεı飡  ״ֵ˵ҹ˾湫زȱһԸĻǷ԰Ůøң˵ļ۸˵㣡
ܲ˵۸˵㣬˵Ӧ˵أ׿ռܲ΢΢һЦ
ܲǺռܲиһռеĹâƵƵ
ռܲҲ֪Сӿģͦϵ˵ǾͿඣν
׿ٺһЦǺðɣܲҵ޼۵ģһ治֪ôۡ
˵ֵܣǶиǮһǧôΪŵ˵
һǧŮô׿
Сӣ𾴾ƲԳԷƣͬЦһ
׿㻹ǸЦļ۸ҳҵļ۸񣬲ҪŮҶߵŮ˵ЩȤǧô
㡭ˣǰɣŭһ
ˣô
׺Ե޹ʵĳͻһԵĳһϿĿɿڴ
һͰȻHK׸ĶӶţģûмôţġ
ֻǳһϿЩӣҲһĺ£  һҪŭӵĻǵʱȥȥֶ˵  Сӣ㻹ְ
ŭˣСʵ̫ſˣȻԼУ
׿ӣֻ˵治棿һȥӰҵ¡
㣿ǮģСӣҲҸѣ
Ҳ֪ǾԲֵܶģԼҲûд֮ģֻͷʱڶСӣ  ǮຮЩĿףȻǵһμСӣҸˣټ  λλȻǶѣҪȻѣ
Ǯຮ׺ɲ뵢Լ׬Ǯ
Ǯ֪ҿ϶û⣬С治𣡡
ЦһҪԼǿ棬ѹһ
ұûУǮǶൽĵز  ǮຮʱǺμʤҲЩĿɿڴĿףСһﰡû뵽׻ͷ࣬ǹɵİ  ղſǮҲˣھȻҸӶŸɣ  һһԼ֪Լôˣ  μʤǮຮһʱĲ廰ӣλղſ˵ҪӮ֮ŵġ
֮ģҲҴ֮ĵ⣿ĿдĲм
ҲǴӺμʤĿеõһϢǾռܲȻҪ֮ģҲǷһյЦ
СӼȻҪˣǽСӶ˶Ѽȥ
׿˿˵治棿͹룡




1209򵥴ֱ淨
 

˹Ŷİڣ  ˿ѾЩţֻìܵĴҶó
Ϊ˼ҵŮ飡  ˵СһֱҲ⸱ԣԺܶ˿ҲǶԶԶġ
ҲǷǳ޵ģѰŮܹأ  ռܲŮˣȻǲŹģ  ԭΪƾԼǿıǰСӿ϶ǱԼ֮߻ء
û뵽СӾȻҸԼţһϷˣԼ  ӸλԼܵ裬ʵҲ룬˱ˣŻ˵³
ԼֵûԼ⼸֣  ƿ
һӣƵǱһԵĶǮຮӵľ
һɫҲ˵һԣ  Ǯຮ˿׵λСֵܣ֪е
׻ƣ
³֣ȻҲ
Բ֮ϣԭŵλ  ׵ռܲǰվһԣ˭һָָҲν  Ǯຮ׳˵Сֵܣһĳƺ̫ɣ
һԵĳһҲЩΣԱߵĺμʤ׵Ǯӣһֻһһǧĳ룡
ߣװʲôβǣȥҶһڵĳ
ƣ  ĳҲƣһμʤǸ
ڣû뵽ӾȻԼˣ  Ҫ֪ԼȥֵڣǿɾǶʮӶ𰡣
һ뵽ߺμʤ˶
ǮຮĨһ˿˿Ц⣬һԵĺμʤСΣҲڶһĸڵĳ룡
ȻǮຮȥǳĿ˶֪Ǳƴʱˣ
ûǮǾ͹ֲñˣ  ӣɲһĳӣҪ棬Ǿ͵ӵʸ
ǮຮȻСͦţΣ  ֻΪƣһιҲΪҪԼˣһ˵ڵʱҲðž⣡
ͷûе̼ҲԲôðģ  ܵ˶׻ƵСӵĴ̼Ǯຮһ׬ǮĻˡ
һЩĿ׵ҪҪȻǻǡ
С£Ҳڵĳ룡
˵һ仰ȴΧΧ۵˶Щ±ˣ
ԭ˶Ϊһ϶òôǮģܶ˶ǵſЦء
⡭һﾹȻҲܹóڣļٵİ
ûǽ꣬˭Ǵ˼ûеʵ͸Ҹٽа壿
˵Ҳ һ¾˰׸֮ӡ붼˷ܰ
СҪٺͶȣ»˵㣬˵׻ǮҲôֲû˵
ΧΧ۵Ҳ΢΢ҡͷһЩ̫һЩ  ˼ſȥҲԼŵɰڣ˵þóˣһ˻
֡ҲҪڵĳ룿һϵӶЩ΢΢Ĳ
һԵĺμʤҲסˣԭһϣû뵽һﾹȻҲܹóڣ
ߣǿŰɣЦһ
ĬԼĿݸ˳һϣ˵ʵһԼжûе  ȵһϱһѳʱҲĬ
˼ҲǴţôǮ  Ǯຮ׵ӣЩ㶣ʵû뵽ǼҵױȽϵʵ
һļҵԽ񣬶˵ȻҲԽõġ
Ǯຮ΢΢һЦ֪λҪʲôأ
㣡
ȥΪװ棬·Ƕһ㣬ʵ첻ΪӮǮຮǮҪһǮӮߣ
׿ǮຮǮĵľǸȻ˵ĻҿҲûбҪ˷̫ʱ䣬һ˳һƣ˭Ӯ˭ʮΣ
˻
˽ǵһһǲⰡ
Ҳ֪ʵԽ򵥵ĶĲʽǮԽģȻνĵ˿˿ȥȽϵĸ߶ˡ
˼ȥӵĴ̼  һһƣֱӶʤûκεļûκε׿ܣ  һƣʮڣ  淨ʵ̫̼һ㣬ܶ˶ŵЩҴˣ
ַȴҲΪ򵥴ֱģ  ҲǱһ淨ľҪôӮʮڣҪôڣ  һ˰ٷ֮ʮĸʣܹƽ
Ǯຮüͷ΢΢û뵽׾Ȼѡִ淨
˵ʵ׺Ը淨ȴΪԿġ




1210족Ķ
 

ڣţ
׾ôǰǮຮʵ𾪵ˣ  üֶСӶңԼʲôҵأ  Ȼһɵӣ  ȻҲȨף淨ʵ϶ڶСӸԼкܴƵġ
û⣬
ǮຮˣҪǲĻԺͷǾͲڴˡ
ֻҪǶģǿɾǿ  Ȼһǿǰ׻ƵСӸ׵ˣ  Ǯأ㲻ĻҾ͸Сˣ
΢΢һЦĿѾԭǮຮڵ
СӲѵһƣǲ֪ʲôߵغ񰡣
˵ЦˣǮຮһҵģϻûҲĶ
ǮຮһӲͷˣ˵ʵ˿˵ĻǺĵġ
ִĿĶûκεİա
˹ϣǿŸִֵļǷǧ
֮ǰһһǧ˵ֱӱӽ˹棬Ŷͦ˵ġ
ȻǮຮ֪ԼǳǧҲӣ˰  һԼĶûˣԼν۰ڿҲһ˲仯Ϊˡ
׿ǮຮȻ˵ĻǾͿʼɡ
⡭˭أǮຮ׳ʵ
׿˿ԱߵҿλŮͦʵˣ
ָԼҲһ  ˵ʵʮڵĶľְԼƣⲻ
һҪˣԼԺô찡
𳿵ϴƾϴƣϴƷǱ߾ˣ
Ǯຮ׵Сϴ֮ҪȻֱӾͺڼžOK
OK
׵û⣬ʤȯգڿСӱQͦʵһ¾ûôõĻˡ
Щŵǰȥϴƣ˵ԭͦ򵥵һ飬ȻЩ΢΢ķ  ˼ӣƺŽƸϴˣ
ǱϴƵģ˭ҪʲôģҲûκεĿԣ  ׺ٺһЦ˿ɱޱӰ
ΪôûϢأ׿΢΢һЦ
Ǯຮ˿֮оȻҲЩϸ΢ĺ飬ôΣһλ˵Ľš
ʱ򣬵ǽŹΣʮȥˣûϽŹ
һΣȻЩĪĽŸУԼԼЩˣ
˭Ǯຮʵ
ѡ΢΢һЦ
ҪȻɣһġ
ҪȻǮຮҲǲԸһ
΢΢һЦȻ淨ģȻǵˡϾѡлѡкA
Ȼ˵ĻҾͲ˰Ǯຮ׺һȻѡڶţ
׿΢΢һЦС㣬鷳Ȱڶŷɣ
𳿷˵һţȻֱӽڶŷˣ
ǮǮʲôһǮຮһƣ˶Цˡ
ǮຮһԼеƣ˶סˣ
ȻǷƬ  ôƣԼȻСķƬҲ˵ǱҲжǻɫҲǱԼŷƬ
ѡĺСĸʵһģǮຮһ־ʯ쾪ȻѡһСķƬ  ҲѹЦˣҲ˵ǮຮѾǱ̭ˣ  ʣµľԼ˵ıȽϣӮһӴӰٷ֮ʮ˰ٷ֮ʮ
ȻҲǼѣʮڣ˵ҲһʲƵĲƲ  ܹӮĻ˭ԼǮࣿ
˵ˣǳеҪӮһҪһڽʱڣԼ  ǮǱ˰һΪ
Ϊǧİ˼ҿǼòð̫ʱ˭Ҳûа취
Ҳ߯һɣȻֱӳ˸Сģ
֪Ϊʲôô˵һ飬ôͻȻһҪЦĳ嶯أ
Χ۵ЩˣҲǱǮຮôסˣ
˵ǮຮһֱӾͱûκεĻˣ  ùĶ
ʷĶ  ǮຮһҪҸطȥĸоԼôôĶ˵˵ڶţֱӾ͸ԼƬأ
˿̵ѾϢģ׵ƣѾǲ뿴ˣ
ǶǮຮܿĵ̬ҽͦõģҪǱСĻǶóˣ
Գ  ԳҲݸһЦ  ׵ȻҪǾ
һ׳̫ѹģʵλõľǵڶˡ




1211³ٶ
 

µ˶ǿǰĳ  һƺһЩϣ˶ΪѺ  һԵĺμʤɫ̫ÿȻõ˲ٵӶ𣬿һҪӮˣ  ǳأһЇNɪˣ
ھҪ䣬ΪģΪһԼһߵģ
ռܲף֪Ϊʲô֮оȻû̫ĵ֮ɫ  Ϊף׾һܹ漣ˣ
һܹӮȻ֪ŵԴͷ״
ôΪƶΪ
Ϊױ̫ߣռܲüҲ˽ǵԭɣ  ˵ĿⶼϣһȻŶ𳿵Ҫʮƣ
𳿵Щ΢΢ó˿̵ʵҲǷǳĽŵġ
˵Ӧò˵״ľ̫ˡ
Q
𳿷Ƶһ̣˸оԼЩˡ
ȥٵǲQǳKAĻɰ
ǰQѾQˣ˵һ·ˣֻаƵĸʰ
ҿٻϿʮ˰
ǮĵľǸһ˼ҪأҲϣĸѾﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮˣ
µȻҲϲǮˣʵһţǿоӵĴ̼
ֱ̫ӵ淨һǲϲġ
гģߴҪӮǮǮ˲ŻѡôȤ淨  ǼȤ淨ǲʮ棬Ҳǻܶ˵ģ
ǮҽһǇNɪ
һֻǳ1010µĻôĲôţ
һﾹȻ˺Qһ׵ѡռ÷ǳխ  ʣ
ǮĵʵһʣȻϮģվʰߣ  Ӯĸʾǲٷ֮ʮ˵ѾǲԶˡ
ٵȷǺܺãûг飬ô֪һأ
ǮຮʱҲЩŭˣĲǸ
ԼѾˣСӾȻԼһ£  ⲻԼ˿  ǮҪȻڳһ㣿㲻ǿһһӮҶһΣ
ǮຮȻʱ򲻰Լ˵Ҳŭˣ
ٻǴĺ̰ΪǮຮô׻˰ǮຮЦһҪҲԣ
Ŷô˵ǮǴӦˣٺһЦ
ԭҵĸһģһû⣬Ѿõ˺QôӮȻǴ˺ܶ࣡
ǮຮҲĺܣȻ׵Ӯͣȴûлᣡ  С󣡣  ǮຮΪȻҪԼ棬͸Լṩᣡ
Ǯຮл˵оͳģо֨
ãȻӮһģѹӮǲǾѺһģͬĻҾѹڣӮߣ˿ɵҰ˸ڡ
ǮຮɾAMĳģʵĺܡ
Ǯ˵Ķ԰ȻҪǾҪи
ǰٻӮˣĸʺС
ǮȻϽȻóҲˣ
СҿҲΪضϣӮһμѻ
ӮǼѻҲû˰
µһ˿ԽԽ̼Ķľ֣ԽԽ淨Ҳһ˷ܡ
ҲԼǮǱҲͦõһ飡  ǮຮǮǺ̰
ٸղŵȥ˰㲻ǾӮҵѾˣĻǲģ˵㣡
ǮຮʵҲЩѵľأ˵ʵʵ£  µǽЩСıԼˣǶ౳
Ѿˣڶһأ  һӮˣܹ
ǮຮĸԼˣӮҲǷǳĴЦһҽˣӮڹңҸ˸ڣ
ȻƺܲƽʵԼӮˣ
Լһܹ׬ʮڣ붼һ˷ܰ  Ǯຮ׵㿪ʼɡ
ЦŵȻǮ˵£¾ѡһŰɣȻѡʮţҾѡڶʮţ൱Ĳ
ΪҰмЦһ𳿵𳿣ϽСӵƸҷǺǮ




1212Ψһң
 

ڶʮţ  ׺ڶʮŵʱ˶ǽĿⶢ𳿵У
һСС˿ƣԾʮڵĹ  һ˿ƣνǼֵ𰡣
һȻ֪ûбȻϵǽޱȣ
ռܲһŵƣҲЩţ  ֮ǰûֵ׵ʱûĸоףԼǺܽŵġ
Ƕ׳ģŵĳ̶ƺûκεĽͣ  ǮຮҲĶеƣҲ֪ԼܲܲˣɾͿһССˣ
ǮຮԼҲû뵽һͨͨ׼׬ǮӣȴΪ׸֮һβìܣԼˮˡ
Ψһϣѹ׵ϣ
ȻҲ֪ӮĻʵǳСΪһҲӦ˵ð
Ͼͽ̬һ˵ǰٺһģ
ǽҪôˣӮǸ˻ԼĽλͲˣ
С㡭
㰡ȵ˶˰
ϽĸϽģһ˲䰡
ĥʲôذ
¿˶ѣοһԵļأ
ҲһѾ׼˺ܶ׺ǮຮĴˣѾǻȵԼӮһ̣ŮܹͶͱ
ԼܺãQѾʤȯգʱһ˿ĵǣ
ϾһﻹиܹӮԼģ  Լץһѵڶƣʵ֪ԼѾӮˣܾöֻпǵһƣ  ʵǶĲ֮˵̬ѣСƸо˻СôƸо˻
ɣ
Ҳһ𳿳
𳿷ڶʮŵʱѾͣסˣԼҲûа취
Ҳ͵һۣɵ߱϶ǻƵʱҲסˣ  JQK
ѾǺˣǲ֪⵽ŵеһˣ
Ҳڴ̼ˣֱһƣ  ƬK  һĿķƬKӳ˵֮УȥôĴۣ
಻٣ôһ㣬˼ɵˣ  ǮຮһǷƬKҲǹЦٰ٣ȻҽܲȷǺܺð
׿Ǯຮ΢΢һЦҲ
ȻǷͬ찡һǾ׬ʮڣ
Ǯຮ˿ҲǴãȻǰһ׬ʮڣԼҲ׬ڲ  ˵Ķľ֣ΨһֻһǾ֮ǰקĸһ  ⡭ôܣ
ɴ۾ĿķƬKһˣԼȻˣ
ôõ棬ԼȻˣ  ʵվһ̣ʵѾǱˣ  С£ó롭׿ųһ΢΢һЦ
ǣһ˷ܵĿ׵ţ
֮ǰһһǧ룬ŰɣҪҿûôõĻӮôǮ
׿ųһϣҲ΢΢һЦ
֡ллһҲ˼һӮʮڰ  һϵʵѾ˷ܵĲ˷ˣһǧ򰡣Լ೤ʱܹôǮ
μʤ˦һǧ˳һϣɫǺ죬оԼһεı˸˽ŵ£  ʵײμʤ˼ƽϣĻһԼôĿ¶֪  ׿ǮຮǮ´лĻǼ
úúã´μ´μ
ǮຮҲǲҸˣһ̫ˣһƶʤ  ִ̼淨Щҳˣųư۵ҪĻҲǳʮƵ飡
ɱȲ٣˼ǧڵۣڶ˼˵ֱСС֡
С֣ҵţҵҪһ㻹ǲô֡
һʯͷһ㣬о쳣ѹ֣
ԼȻˣôıʹһ㣡
ΪΨһң
˿񼸺ܹɱˣף˴һֱŭ״̬  ˿Ҵҵŵ绰ͳȥˣҪˣҪһ֮أ
ǼˣҪ޴Ĵ۵ģ  ӣ΢΢ҡͷҪ棬䲻𣬰
ǺǣҪȻһȥ¥
Ǯຮ׵ĻҲǲҭ˵治𣿿HKҲû˸ô˵ɣ  һϿЦŵаСʱʱ䣬֮ĵҪʼˣ
ţȻʢǾȥɡ
׵Ŀ⳯Զ΢΢ȥϻЩ򵥰  ղʱ͸оЩ̫һû뵽˿̾Ȼֶ༸λ·ˡ
עҪ˰




1213֮
 

˹¥  ɫ˼㣬һӳȥʮڣǮҲЩԲĸо
ûа취ǮĻǲĶˣ  ںǮ𣿲ںʵѹ֪ʵ֮ǰHKһͬС
һ壬ں׽ǮǶһЩһЩ
ߣΪڸûϣ֡
ȻʳǣȴܹҵĺĲ㣡
ĽԼҲǱȽϵ簮ˣΪû츳ԭ
ԺܶǶԼӵĺΪǳݣ  Ѿǽ绰ԼĴᣬڵ绰ͷǰԼ˵ǽһң
ԼĴ˵ҪάǸۿߵǸֵ֮Ҳ¶һ˿Цݣ
˹¥˿ھᣡ  һε˹źٰģϾĵطܹǮ˵ĵط
ᣬĲǸǮ  ףôһЩŶռ̨ܲһƷߣҲǴ˸Ƿʵ
΢΢һЦ᲻ЩС¡
ҡһһ׽ԼҲ̹
ʵ֮ǰ˵иʲô֮𣿡
֮ǵڶƷӦ͵ˣ
ŶڶƷ⵹һƷʲôЦʵ
⡭Ͳ֪ˣÿһεһƷЩöһ֮ľȻûз롭
һȻû˵һεĶԲ̫ģ  ΢΢ͷȻˣ֪ˣܲǾٵһ᣿
ռܲЩǵ˵ʵȲν㿴ղǸǸ˵ܸоЩ⡭
Ͳùˣûµģ΢΢һЦ
һϿ׵˵ʵһȰҪٹȥ˴֮ǻǸϽ߰ɣ
һһУ  ʱǮຮ˹Ȼ׵ĸǰ  ǽѣ
Ǯຮ΢΢һЦһ׬Ǯһ棬Ҳǹ淽İߣԸղҲǳƷ
ǽˣһֱǱ߲Ҳ͹ˡ
׿Ǯຮ˵Ǯƺûʲôɣ
Ѷ·ǮຮоȲҪʵһ¡
˵ʵϣҪԼύҲǲʤö٣ֻһҲУΨЩȤ
΢΢ͷ˵ҲǣԺпȥ׻ƵĻң
˵ֱ꣬óһӡԼֺ͵绰ƬݸǮຮ
Ǳһûһ죬ǮຮҪҲҪ̽һ׵ĵϸ
Ǵͷĵβ֪һﵽʲô  ܹȴܹȻԵõģҲʲô򵥵˰
棬ǽҪĳؼαṩ֮ģ֮ľмΪ֮ش108ҲĿǰȫ緶ΧΨһһųٿꡣݣǴΨһ㡭
٩٩̸ʵϲ˵־֪ⶫжôֵǮˣ  ôõĶΪʲôҪأһ֮ʵ
˿һ˵λ˵ˣΪҵ䣬ϣͨǵļ𣡡
ԭˣͼǣ˼ʵ
΢΢һЦ˵Ϊ亱Ժԣһεĵͼ֮ǰЩƷҪ߳ܶģģÿּӼ۲Ԫ
ѾһƬɧڵļʵҲǷǳĺˡ
ղôãһĳȥʮ۸ߵҲǧң  һڵ𲽼ۣʵЩֲ  ֮ģȷҲ۸ˣ
˻ӻ֣Ĳ󷽣ĸ˻һŮӶߵ̨֮ϡ
Ůһ׻ɴȥΪ崿̧ԼۣƿԼصɴ
һżΪҫȴһ˿ĵ֮ⷺ𣬸߹°  еֳŮԣһ˲䶼Ǳ֮ĸ׵סˣĿҲܹƶֺ  ̫ˣ  ʵ̫ˣ
ڳĳŮ˽ܹ֮ģôעǽǿˣ
ˣǿλܹõ֮ģĿԴɣ
˿Ҳ΢΢һЦĺöγȥأ  ֻϣܹһ䶯ļ۸ںǸʲôҩģľ֮ĵġ
ԼҲأΪʲôǶһ




1214
 

ڣ
˻ʱĳѾǴڵ
ʵôһ꣬  ҪھߣҲǲ̫ܣϾⶫʵ̫ˡ
ҲǶ֮ģԭҪһš
ѾˣѰ˼ԼʯȻҵţ  ΪֲԼ˽ҳҲǳĲ
ϲȥŮ˺Լţֵĺġ
𳿣벻Ҫ
˿ͷϣոôǮ˵ӦҪʡŵ㻨Ŷԡ
һС͹߻ˣںǮֻҪĵǿԽܵġ
ʮڶѣȻҲһʹΪӣں  һװɬ⡭ҪܶǮİҿ˰ɣ
ȻҲǷǳҪҲǸˡ
ǮһȱôǮ㲻һֱҪҸһ𣿽Ҿ͸һ
𳿰ԼϻǵոձǸӮô࡭
ĸСӣһֿ˰ҵҪСǲôĸǿҲģҶǸŮ˾һʱѣֻжҲģ
Щ֪ܵ˵Ҳ֪Ǹȡ裡
𳿿΢΢һЦ֪İҵģֻҪ㲻Ҳ˵ʲôġ
˿̣  ֮ĵļ۸Ѿĵڣӵʱ䣬۸񼸺һ·  ׺ƺûгֵ˼ǿһԷĺУ  ĵڵһΣĵڵڶΣûнм۵ģ
ƣ֮ǰǵԤڿɲֻĸڰǵԤⶫڳϡ
ھǵԤڣǲĿɲһǰ㰡ʵЩ˵Ρ
û˺ۣҿɾҪ˿˿޲Լȥмȥˡ
ڣ
ԭ˵ǸֵҪ֮ģȴһƺһ㶼
ٳڣûû˳ۣ˿оԼˣ  پȳǾȵļʱ
ղŲ˵֮ĵôƨһˣ
ƺǱ˵ţ˶֪Ե˭
ղŵĶľһ˵ЩϣһԽȥʮڣƱˣ  Ҫ֪ǿɶǮⲻǸԼȥ
˼ţ˼еǮӦһ׼һţ
ھͿղӮôǮļһڸҲڸӲˣ
𳿿΢΢һЦʲôݣĳЩôҸаأҹЩӮ˵Ǯֳ֪ʲôˣ
͵ҷľƻɡ˿һεıQ  Ҫף
Ϊоһ񲢲Ҫõ֮ģҪһף  ׵ԱߣǮຮЦŵپԣظһʶ
׿˿ǮຮȻ̨ϵڣ
ȥˣһ˰кϷˣ
һûаƱҪһ
е߼ҿ϶˰ǲ֪¼Ƕˣ
أǿͺˣҪĳ˸߼ۣһﲻ֪ܲܶסٵַը
ҿԲܣٵı˭벻˵Ҳ֪˰ɣ׻ƻûţˣ
ҿֵĻǲܴ̼һ̼ôоôأô͸ֲҪ˹ȥأ
һƬ˽˻ǺܿϾձ  ȻղôǮ˼ҼҴҵӺ񰡣
׻СӣȥŰ裬ȴҲȽϵĺöѡ
ֲ´  ׳ۣЦһڣСӣҽ쵹Ҫжţƣ
ʮڣ
ʮһڣɫЩǺ죬С̧۸·  ʮڣЦһ  һԵǮຮѾǳ׵ľˣʮڣһﾹȻʮ֮ģ  ˵ʵ֮ĵȷǺöʮһѾ̫ˣ  ʮʮڣ
ԲˣԭΪʮڿ϶Ǹ㶨ˣһԵף
û뵽һﾹȻ۾գһ£̧ۣ
ʮڣ
ƺǳɣҲһ־ڱصõӣʮڶ˵㲻ʲô
㡭ɫɷףһεĶˣ
û뵽˹ϣζˣΪǮˣ  ʮڣѾǳļޣ
ʵϸղʮѾǳļޣֻһʲȥ
ڣʮһȫһƬȻ
ʮһΣʮΣûûг۵ˣûеĻʮڵΣϲλ֮ġ
˵ɫ죬ôһθоԼ۸һôļ




1215̺ҩ
 

ʮڵۣ
ڳ˶ˣҪ֪ʵ̫һ㣡  ֵ˷·ûκεѹһ㣬ⱨವֱӴ˶ʮڣ
˭ǰôûмأ
ǰҲоûмӦ׻˰ɣ
׻ǮˣһûмôǮ
ٶԱˣЩ˰
µ˽ȻһҲûнһʵٶԱˣЩ˿̫ĸо
ڵѪӶĶˣҶԽԽ󷢣ȻԼǿжˣֱǳ谡  ʵϣǲܹںۣںȥһҪۻ߲۵ĻôԵ÷ǳΣ

ʵ̫ˣ  Щ˿ԼĿ⣬һĻһԵɫҲ൱ѿ
ԭʱ̣ȴӲı˸ˣ  Ҷ֮˾ȻصŮˣҲ֪ӦǸأǲأ
˵ǣ˸ԸʵҲǳǿǸŮ˿²ڸˡ
ӵĲˣΪ֮ȫֻһΨһһ  ȴ˸ˣķ·Ϳһ㣬ʧһϮȫ
˿ЦŵλڽǵȽ֮أ
Ȼڽˣ΢΢һЦ
һϲΡΡпȥ׸Ǯˣ˿̵Ҳһļ  ԭһֱΪλûжٵǮڿ˼һǮˮӣ֪Լˣף
֮ǰһΪø򶼿ۿˣķʽ
ϲĴʽ
һϸ׵Ѿ׬ȡһǧʱҲѪš
ڵĺμʤųһϵӣĶˡ
ԭһΪԼ϶Ҫһϸѹȥˣû뵽Ȼӵġ
ϣ֮Ѿ׵УǲԵΪҫۣ
ռܲɫ΢죬ΪĳΪȫĽ㣡  еռܲĸǰȻĸռܲϣ˿̵ռܲŮһ㣬ҫۣ  ޲ɷ
̫ˣ
ŮĺҸ
ҪܹΪŮǸжð
ĽŮ˾ͯһ㣡
µŮ˼жǴĽʺޣҲûκεİ취ⶫһʵѲ𰡣
ʮڣʲôЩŮ붼оЩ  лл㡭
ռܲף˿ҲҸЩĿףҲǱ̲
׿ռܲ΢΢һЦһʲôȷǷǳĲͦʺϵģ
ռܲҸЦݣһ̣оԼȫҸŮˣ  ռܲǱ߲ķζըˣ
ԭӦǣǾȻǸϷˣԼȴӮԼôǮˣ
Щ΢΢ƺһ̾ͻᱬһ㣡  ׵ӣбŷһĺâҵҪһܻܲŻ׻ȥ
ʵֻҪľͺˣҲںЩ
𳿿ȻзҲֻܹԼĴȡ
İ𳿣֮һŪģȵȾͺˡƶ˵
һߣ
׺ռܲһ£ѾΪȫĽ㣡
ǮຮĴָţڵЩ׻Ǹʲôˡ
ǺǣȹһӣǮȻ֪ˣ΢΢һЦ
ŶǺǣıܹķǳĲǮຮ΢΢һЦ
׼Ǯຮ˵֮ʣüͷȻ΢΢  ̧ͷ˿дһ˿ľ֮ɫ
ôˣǮຮ׵Ҳǵʵ
΢΢ҡͷҿһƷɣ
ŶǺǣǾ˵һζҩģⶫ˵ûжôǮຮ΢΢һЦ
Ȼ֪ĵʲôȴȤ  ҩģҵͦȤģ״Ź˵
ڸղţ׸оһ쳣ǿĲֲѰȻһ˿  üͷҲȶ׽ôأ
ָоûдģ֪ûдģ  Ŀǰ˵ħڵа֮⣬ܹĸܵ˻Ҳֻˣ  ĿǰˣչأȻΪΨһһ֪֮ˣ  ͬʱĿⶼ̨֮ϣԭЩ֮ˣƺһǴ




1216ֵ֥ڣ
 

¥Ĵ֮ڣ  ܶ˶һƷҲֻǺ棬һЩȴǴ
˿Щû˼ˣҲһƣ
˵İʵЩ˿  һһζҩģȻ֥ͷ֥ʵ̫ģ  Ұ֥Ǽ۸Ҳʮңⶫó
ЩСˣ
ⶫȻһұֱ𲽣  ֱ˿Ľడ
ΪͷҪڵĻⶫӦõһˡ
ûа취еĹؾ׼ԽߣȻҪԽں棬Ǻʵġ
ⶫڣȻǷһˣ
̨ԼѾǳˣ֮Ŀ۴ﵽ
˵һ׬˸貧ӯⶫֻҪڵĵ׼ܹȥĻǾǰӷˣ
λнƳһƷҰ֥
˿ЩЩȤȻˣҲ΢΢һЦ
Ұ֥˵ǲǶذⶫֵǮǼҶУ
ǰҰֲ֥ʲôϡóǲЩ˰
ҿǲǮ˰ɣҲҪ
ҪѾҲӦ÷һɣҿΪ˺̧۸񣬺ߣǺĵУ
һѾǳ׵ŭˣ
˵оǾʵЩˣ
ǵǮҲǴİɣԾΪ׬Ǯ
һӣȺ鼤ܣ  Щ˶Ȼ볡ˣҲЩп಻
Ҳ뿴ľ氡ûа취˼ҵĵ׼۸߰  ΢΢һЦλϰ壬ʵڵһͷһûκεҪȻۣûҪ˿ͺˣ
һΣ˵ûиղ˵֮ĵǰеˡ
˭ԼоֵǮأ˵Ҳǽںܶ෽ϵġ
УϽİɡ
ǰŵһ˲мһȻֻǴ֮һܶ˶̬ġ
һ࣡  Ǯຮ΢΢һЦҰ֥ȻǺöһҲʵЩˣ
׿ǮຮȻһȻĵģҶҰ֥ͦȤģ
ɵС˰ⶫȻһǼ۸϶ͣȻҲ֪Ǯǡ
ǮຮˣʵҲǵһο
׿Ǯຮ΢΢һЦЩǿҪˣⶫǼֵǧ㲻ҪĻʱһĲֵ
˵ȻǸĪⰡǮຮĻҲ΢΢һЦ
һϿЦŵҪҰ֥Ļҵǿ԰ϵĻ۸񡭡
Ǻǣȿ˵ɡ΢΢һЦ  ֮Ҳһ̾ϢʲôҰ֥ǿǳļƷѪ֥
ƷѪ֥ɽ֮  ׻ЩΪʲôطȻһ˿
õ
Ҫ飬⼫ƷѪ֥ĿǰֻΪĶ  ǼŵӦҲǿⶫ׽֮
ǻصľ⼫ƷѪ֥ŵһ˿Ǹܵ
˿΢΢һЦһƷǵĵ׼ڣ
  һըˣڣĸǮʲô𰡣
лܹںһڣôֱǮǵˣ
ǰڣ㵱ɵƶ˭򰡣
˭˭ɵӣǲģҪֵܹڣҼһһأ
ǲ֪ôģǵˣ˼ֵ֥ڣ
ܶѾվˣǿʵ̫ˣ  ڣǮʲô  ЩεĿ˵λ԰꣡۸ҲܹģλӦ֪ǸҵҪǲŶµ۸񡣲ҪˣڿԾۣҶҪҲ
Ѿĵ׼ˣѾƵĲУ
ڣ  Լģⶫɲͬ֮ĵΨһһζҩĶѣ
һˣҲֻܹŹ˵Լˡ
˭˼ҶǮ˭Լҵֽأ  ֪ӣԸղ֮Ľ֮̽źء
ҲʡԼ˹һ㡭




1217˳۾֪
 

¥һƬ  ˶Ǿ۸Щ˼飬ڣֱͲܹļ۸񰡣
ļ۸˭۸һ϶ֳһƬţ  Ȼһεģ
ⲻĳһΪ˶ôΪ  ıϣȻˣ  壬ôˣ
һֱûע⣬û뵽ԼҵĴܼ徹ȻϢߣ
忴үղŵҶˣү˵ˣмǲҪ¶ݣ
塭ЩƵĿһԵ
ʲôˣĻû˵㿴˼ͷβûаУҲԼ
ĿһһԵף˼ѹҲûгԼ߿
壬СӲ׻һѣⲻҵ𣿡
ߣ׻֮УԻܹ𣿡
˵ֱڽСһ㣬Ҷκε
Ҫ֪ңԼĸĽ֮⣬Ҫλˡ
˵Ƿǳ֪Լԣ  ſףǮôˣʱ򻹲ǵùԹԵĹ³
죬Ҳ̫СĽ˰ɣ  ǰǸ˲׻һ֪ķ蹷ѣҲܹҿ⣿  һӣҲεת壬һǡ
ΪҰ֥
忴֪ԲʲôҰ֥һζҩ  忴⼫ƷѪ֥Ϊ֮˷ˡ
һҪ֥ΪԼүĽһԼʵ׼ġ
͡ҲҪ򣿡ˡ
һԵҲЩ㵵˵壬ⶫֵôǮ㡭
Ƕʲô˵ǲֵǶҪ˵Ǿͼֵˣˣ˵ҲҪ廰ˣ
̩Ȼ֮վߣܹǮҩǾǻģ
ֻ֪һε׻ҪʲôľΪѾ֪˼ɲͬǱ߻
ʹһ˸Ųͣ׽磬ᣬ˼һûԽޣûʹһЩûа취
쳣Ĳпᣡ
죬и̲ѣҲ̫Եһ㣡  ⶫڣľòֵð  ˿һֱֵӣҲҪϽİЩ˸㶨ˣ  Ȼ˵ĻھͿʼɣļڡ
˶ЦĿˣ򣿣  ڣ
һЩӲһ洫˳˶𾪵Ļͷ˿
Ļ˸ҳ۰  ˻ͷһһ𷢱۵Ӷڶ¥һ棬Ͼһӣ
ȥ˳۰ǲɵȱ
ҿɵȱɵȱеսһǲǲ֪Ұ֥׻ƶǰ
ư֪ⶫܹǮĻҲȥˣ
ǰǿǼֵڰǷˣ˹ͻΪͷͷ˰ɣ
ҩģǳԱ˳ŵģ
µһ˽мۣ˼ЦˣҲЩɵȱ
׻˵ĻԲ۵ģ
֮ڶһ̨ϵһҲǸоѪӿ˶
ȻɵӳۣҪЦˣ
ΪˣӵԼְҵģܿ¶һ˿ЦȻλڣûг۵ˣ
˵ǣ֪ɣи˳أ
ǰ㻹Ϊÿ˶ɵҲĴɵۣܳ
͸ϽĴӰɣһ˼ҷ˰
׬˰
µ˿˶̲סЦˣǶоһĲ˼鰡  Ҫ֪ⶫ˳ۣѾǳ˵Ԥˣ͸ǣƶҪˣ
û뵽ⶫȻɵȱۣⶼ߸ǵļֵˣ  Ժܶ˿ЦˣҲһ䳰ȷ˻ζܹЦѰ
ڣǰٷ֮ʮӶɾǧ򰡣
ǧûǧǸȻҲǲһˣǿ⣬ȻҲҪԽ׬Խˡ
ãڵһΣڵڶΣڵ
˿Ҳû׼ۣҲ׼ٵĽս
˳Ƿǳ֪ˣһҪȥһǮ׬  ڣ
ΪҪصʱһһεĴһ




1218ȫ
 

ڣ  ۸һȫһƬȻ  ȻϼӼۣǷˣ˾Ƿˣ
һ澹ȻһˣǸоǲ̫Ǯ˰  ûм氡
׻ԺֱȥڵҰ֥Ϳ˰
ɲզΣЩǲǮյûŰǿڣ
ˣǿˣ
µһԭΪһûһ֣û뵽˾Ȼˡ
ڣ
ʮڣ
ʮڣ
˾ֽм֮󣬾Ȼֱӽ۸һʮڣ
̨Ҳʿˮ˼飬ʵ̫˼ˣ  ̶̵֮ڣ۸Ѿʮڣ
֮ǰǾԲ鰡˼ҵļ۸ѾǶʮڣһҲЩˡ
ѲⶫǸö˿ȥһӣԲǿЦ
ʮڣ
Ϊɵȱʱ򣬴Ǳߴһͳɤ  ʮڣһֱӾ쭵˽߷壬ǿǶʮڰ
֮ǰ֮Ķʮڵʱ˶ѾǾ̫ˡ
û뵽һѾǴﵽ˼ҵķֵһǱΪⶫûҪ£  ҳˣһָʯƾ죡
ߣ  ռܲЩԾ͵ף⡭ô°ⶫ
ǺǣӦǺöҲ֪ʲôöȻ˵ⶫļֵ  ˵ˣԼ˵ܹ֪Ȼǲܵģ  Ҳôռܲ飬лĻҲûʲô
ϾѾռܲԼˣʱ׼¿ϼŵܲã
ûʲôϵ۸Ҳ˰һҰ֥Ҽǵ׻ҲرĹɣ
ռܲЩüͷ˵
һԵǮຮͷ˵ɫҰ֥ǼҲУʱ˵гʮһ꣬Ҷ൱ĹˣǲǮյĻŰ
һҲЩ̾˵Ǯ˵ǻǲ
Цŵⶫڱصã
ʲôȻҲҪⶫһʵǲȰˣΪһȰ
˼ҿȥǳǮԼȥȰ˼һ̣ⲻԼ
Ǯຮ׵Ҫ嶯ҪⶫĻ͸㰡
ƣѾҪĻǺˣ
ֻϧֶȻҲ֪˵ôŪȺöģ
˼ҼȻŪˣóǿ϶ɵġ
װڰֵҾԲҵ˵óѵģǲģҶǺù
¶ݣ  Ǯຮ׵ۣҲûа취飬ûɣ
ɵЩΪĸо
ʮڣ
Ƚм۵˿ǱߵҲЦһ
˿ѾһƬžߵļ۸ǰֻܹ̾˹ʺˣ  ʮڣЦһ
һԵǺ޹˼ɵӣҲƵ˵Ǹɶǿʮڰ
зִ磡ĿѾǷ˵ϡ
ʮڣ
һɫһ䣬Ǳס˿ƣ  ʵʱɣҲ֪ⶫǺöԲŲϧǰģ  յϢģ֮Ҳȷⶫҩ  žѪģ
׽ĽǮҲƵĻѵģȻ׽硣
׽翪ʼƴǮʱҲһǮѵӢۺ˰ɣ
ʮڣ
ʮڣ
ʮڣ
һεַը۸һӴʮʮڣ
ֲ˹  Ѿ±ˣʵǿ⵽ʲô࣡  ҵôûмô۵ģҪ֪λ򣬶ڰ
ʮ֮ƺ۸Եľ
˿ʼڵӣƺʵۺһЩ۸񶨸һٶʮڣ  ۣױȵۣ  ۸˵òҾĸݶΪһٶʮڣ
HKʷΪһμ۸˰ɣ  ˶ĿɿڴĿң
֪ʲôǰһˣһٶʮһҰ֥  ԴŸ˰ɣ  ڱ˵֮£ҲǲΡΡ˵һٶʮڵڡһΣһٶʮڵڶΣһٶʮڵڡ
ָո˵ȴһεıһˣ
׽ԼǰӾķ΢΢һЦһٶʮڣ




1219¼ƷѪ֥
 

һٶʮڣȥǼһﵽ˭
һΪһղŸǶţڿǰ˼Ǯ
׻ɶʱôǮ˳ˣĪǵı׻׸ŷţ
кϷ˰һ׼һٴ
ЩԭѾǾ̾ѣ񿴵׾Ȼһεıۣ˵Ѿֲ˼ı飬һˣ  һٶʮڰ
ھͿҵܲܽ˰  һѾЪˣһεıֵĸ֮ڶˣ
ߣ  ǮຮӶɳˣѾǲǸӰ
ѲԼһҪ֪ǿһٶʮڣһٶʮ  ǲǷ˰
Ǯຮףԭ̩Ȼ֮Ѿʧȡ֮һ𾪺ãȻ  ۾ɵͭһ㣬ʵǲ֪һﵽôİ  ֡ȷһҲ±ˣ
һٶʮڣ  ǿɶԼµİһٶʮڣԼõӶٶ򰡣  ǮЩ˰  ռܲҲЩ𾪵˵ף㡭Ҫ
׿˵Ѿ˵ˣⶫڱصã
ԼҪõһɣҪ֪أͨѾǺѵͣ  ҪڶʱڻָǱҪܹͨﵽһ߻Ч  磬ǱϾģ
ȻҲ֪⼫ƷѪ֥ΪʲôŨѾûʱȥЩˣ  ܹ׽ǮĶ׾õֵͦõģ  磬Ҳ᲻ϧһд۵õĺöģΪģΪܹĺ  Ҫõ⼫ƷѪ֥ΨһĿģ
Ǳߣһ֮ɫ  Ȼû뵽Լ׻ߣȴбɱôˣ
壬⡭Сӵ˭
ҲһһٶڰҲû֧Ȩ
ˣ֪һﵽʲôͷ  忴Ѿ˵ܶˣҪĴУǲһɽһɽߣΪľǮ𣿲
˵ʵҷǵǮģĵλҲǺܸߣ
Ҫһ˲õˣôҿɳԲ˶ˣ
磡  ǿԨıĵطһ¾̽ˣ
壬⡭۸ǻ𣿡ʿˮһԵѾŵôҴˡ
Ѿǳ֮ǰ֮ĵ飬Ѿȥˣ  ֻҪ֪һ㣬յĳɽ۵Ƕ٣
ӵһʮڣ
ÿһεıۣƺںݺݵײ˵ķһ˿Ϣĸо
ڶоϢʲôһ  ׿΢΢һЦոһʮڣ
ۣ
˱ȿЦĻŪˣô˵Կ  ѲǮѾǲǮһʮڣΪ˴ո  һһʮڣ
Щ֧Ųסˣ˵ʵ֮ǰĽŵԤڼ۸Ҳһҡ
Ҳ˵ˣⶫĻڼһһҲǿԵģ  ڣѾҵļˣ  ˿ȥǵûеޣȥǳɡ
һɲõĸоͷ͸ǰСӣʵЩ͸  һ￴ȥߣΪʲôԼҹȥأ
Ѳ֪ⶫֵ
ڣ
׵ļǾڱصãǮ˵ǸֶѣҪ飬׽Ǯʲôأ
壬⡭һôôǮ׻ǮǶ˵İЩˡ
ǿڰһֱҲͺ˰  忴׳¿ҪƲˣڣܹøҵĻҽˣ
ãǺǣûϰߣһʮڣ
׵ʲõĿ壬øǣЦⶫаˣҲõģ  ˵ֻһССҶѣ
㡭úúãƣ
ҲЩˣʵѾǼˣֶ౨ڣ  ʵ֧ˣ
ʵڲеĻǿҲֻˣHKϾ˵㣬ǵı֮ˣ
ȫһƬž
ЩĿɿڴĿһУһʮڣ  ۸һѣ֮УĺЩ΢΢ɬĸо  ǲһ֮󣡣
ƷѪ֥УֻǺܶ쳣ĳأ




1220𾪵Ǯ
 

ҵţǼ֤漣ʱˣ
ѽҸоҼҪΪڸ˰ҼҿкüҰ֥
ΪǼǼҲаҵø̸̸
ٶڰΪֲһˣЩզôأ
ĺҪ֪Ǹʲô˰ôôţأ
ҷˣ׵ķˣģԺǾҵż񰡣ȭˣңţţ
˱һ֮һʮڼ۸ĳ䶨
һƺعƽƽȴǰӿ
۰Ͱ͵Ŀףʿˮڽ׻ǣ
С£ȥˢɡ
׿ųһϣ˵һԵĳһѾЩľˣ  һͨͨĿ浽жٵǮ  һˢ꿨ƺо⿨޵׶һ㣡
ٶһˢָ꣬оûģٽǳ׵ᵽʲôǮ˵ĸо  ʵǱˬ
óһϸеǣڵѿͷϰҲ˵ҪõһǧӶ  ֮ǰ׸һǧһ˳Ȼ׬ȡǧӶ𣬶ͷ֣  һϳ׵ʧˣһθоԼײˣǳˣ  ˵Ѿǧ̼ˣѾôȥúõˡ
ǮຮĴָţҼţһˣٶһ֥Ҳû˭˰
֮˼ȻҪõⶫ𣿡׿ǮຮЦʵ
ĽǳĻ׬Ǯ˵⣬ⶫйŹְӦòʲôѰҰ֥
ǮຮҲԵķˣʵ벻ͨʲôֵ֥ܹڣ
Ѳɳܳɲɣ
ʵǮຮµҲͨ˵뷨˼ҵĲθûдﵽأ
ֻҪ֪⼫ƷѪ֥ļֵĻǾͻ֪˵ڣǮֵõģ  ׿ǮຮЦŵЩûа취͵ģЩһֻǿԻѼڣֻľͼֵ𣿡
˵ҲǣˣȤľݣǮຮЦŵ
ȻҪ֪ǸʵҲ޷΢΢һЦ
һԵǮຮסˣղǲ˵ģû뵽˼ҾȻϸԼˣ
һҲֻҲ۰Ͱ͵ĿףΪʵҪ֪ǰȥϡƽˣʲôͷ  ռܲʵӦɣ׿Ǯຮ΢΢һЦ
ռܲף˵⡭ֺ
ǮຮȻЩϤƺʲôطһ㣡
ռܲҲǿһЦҵƬǮԺпȥĻһҪǱͰ
Ǯຮռܲƺĸо֣
ϤһƺЩ벻ˣ  ӹռܲƬ΢΢ͷһ£ܿ𾪵Ŀռܲաܲãԭϼŵġ
ռܲЦһǮԼ֪ͺˡ
һҲб۾˿ǮຮеƬϼܲ⼸ֵʱоԴ֮Ҳһת
ϼţ
ǿϼŰ֮ǰΪŮȻȥʣɸǱ˰һ㣡  ǵ˹ŵ֤Ȼúܹ  һϵĵһӡǾ׻Сûм棡
óһƶǣ˹ţ˼ҶǴҲ˺Ĵзţпװ磡
һһȻΪˣǳĶˣںμʤԼʱЩ˼  û뵽˼ҵʵˣ
ϼŲHKȫ緶ΧڣҲǾţƵĴڰ  ˼ҾȻϼŵܲã  ǮຮռܲաܲãǾҲµòĻӦþϼŵļ̳˰ɣ
ռܲһЦɲǼ̳ˣϰ塭
ȥ
ǮຮȻҲ̲סı˴ֿڣ  ô᣿
Ȼ˴һ˾ϰ壿Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ǮຮͳһĿɿڴӣҲǰڰֵ߽ˣҲҪȥˡ
õ˼ƷѪ֥֮ҲҪĸƣ  ⶫ粻˳٣ɲҪŰ
һƬ𾪵ĿУ׺ռܲٵ뿪¥
˿̣˹Ҳ׼̷ˣȻӦҪôġ
һ˻
֮ҪάǸ۽ס׵ˣȻǮ򲻵⼫ƷѪ֥ȻҪ÷ǳֶˣ
˿̵άǸۣҼĽѾǸϵߡ




1221Ľ
 

άǸۿڣ  ˹ִֵߵʱѾҹʱ֣ۿҹɫˣƹ貣ȥǳ
HK˵ǴǾ  ף֮ǰ绰ô˵
˵һλȥʮµӣȥȣ
ߵλ߸ǾþӸλʮ㣡
˾HK˵Ҫ곤֮˱ĽվԱߵĴᣡ  ĽżҪͣ˹ţ˵ǸѪ֥ǱһֵĸŪˡ
Ȼ˿Ѫ֥˵Ѫ֥ﰡ״ҪǵõѪ֥Ļǵʱٳ߸ͷһҪѹһͷˣ
ʵҲôģѪ֥ⱻ˹ȥҲҪ취  Ľ΢΢ҡͷûи˵ȲҪֵİ
Ҳǣ˵֮ǰ͹ȥ˼ҲȥǼͣʱ˵
Ҳ֪ۿڶ֣Բʲô֮٣  Ľӹһ˿âѪ֥һҪõҲҪ͵£һҪԶ֪ˣ¾Ͳðˣ
ĽĿ⳯ŲԶ˹ȥ˼װ壡  ǿĽ˵ĵҲǼҴҵܵߣ  𳿿ĽҲΪŵ˵ã𳿡
Сǰɣ߰ɣ߻е顭Ľʱй߷ϻ
ŵ㬵ĸˣĽĸǰһƢҷ
ȻҲǷǳĲˬܹôأ
ǿHK׸һССϷܹġ
˵ʵ˼ҷַӾܹ
Ҫ˵Ľأ
磬Ͼˣһֱأ滹ʹһˣԡ
ʹһˣߣɭ嶼Ѿ˳Ϻ˰ʹûдﵽˣΪǣ
Ľ˿̲ʹһˣܲκߵĴڣ
ΪƵһ飡
˻һʮѪ֥
һʮڣôֱʰ֪׻ƺû֮˰ɣ
Ľʵ׻ƵĸҲ֪ĺģЩȻ׽綼Լ
ЩɸעԼ׵Ե˺׽Ϊ׸ʲôעġ
Ľⷽ浹ǷǳȤΪ׸Ҳ֮еˡ
ղĽ΢΢ɨһȦ֮󣬳˷ʹһ֮⣬ѹҲûзְ  ʹһ˻û´Ѿʧãã֮УǿĽվڸۿڣΪҪ鷳أ
Ҫ鷳Ļ˼Ҹɣ˿¶ҵ׷ɱˣ  ֻĽ˼˵ϣҪѪ֥ڲˣ
״ˣǸ˻ҵ֮ģɵð
һԼĸ˵ĻƺǸΪĲҲ̵
ҪǸ֮ĵĻһʮҲûа䡣
ȻڶףʵӹҲһЩ¡
Լĸףĵ̾ʹ  ĽԼӣ΢΢һ̾СӣƽʱҲˣЩ˲ܹ֪𣿡
ףǸ˼Ҳˣ̵
һԵ磬ҿȲҪ嶯һҪ׻Ǳߵġ
ĽͷǼ
׺ռܲǮຮ˴Ľֱܵ⼸ˣ  ǡ
һ׵ˣͻðɣҪHKĶˣ
һϣͬһˣԼ쳣Ķˣ

Ľ˿ףʵҲͿĽ  ǰڱֽ־ߵϿˣû뵽һοˡ
˵ǸͬΪԼһȻҲߣ  ֮ǰ֮˵HK壬һһңڿǲ  ֻû뵽ңȻĽң
ԭǰŲһ׿ĽЩ̲˵
ЩӦǳHKɣ֪ԺδĽףҪ͸һ
˿ȻȻƺûκεľɫ
Ҫ֪׽ݣĽҲǱȽϵĺ˵ģ
׻ƣ£Ϊ֮ǰĶˣİɣ
ֻҪҸ͡ĽĿ⽥䣬¶һ˿޵Цݡ
ҪҲӦأ׿ĽЩԵһЦ




1222Ϊǵƿ
 

άǸۣ  ĽôףСӵ  ȻսԼȨ
Լ룬ûм˸ҲӦģHKֻҵλҸԼô˵  һ׻СӣȻôţĸԼ˵Ƿˣ  ĳ˿ʵҪȥһôӶɣ
Ľдһ˿ı䣬һʵǲԼӰ  Ļǿɾ͹ֲԼĺ˰  һԵǮຮĽ²̫׵ɣ
˵ķ𣿡Ľ˿ǮຮǹƣǮຮŵҲЩ˵ˣ  ׿ĽǺô簡Ȼˡġȥˣߡ
ţ˰ԼĸһסСӣҲЦһ
ῴԼܵܵӣǳ˵Ҫ죡
ס
ռܲЩµĿǰһУȻߣĹ沢رĺ£  Ͼǿѹͷߣ
ĽHKӪôʱ䣬ǲHKã
ӵռܲ΢΢һЦȥͣǲȥôأǮǺڰɣ
ڣڣ
ǮຮֵԭҪվΪϼŵ¹˵仰Լ治ĽĶ֣
ɵﲻλǰȥˣ
Ľ˼ϼŵֶƺͺ˵ܶˣǮຮ˻ǷǳϿɵġ
˼һļӶûУĽԼ۸
׺ռܲһ۳ԼƺƵĳҵĸֱۡȥ  ⳵ϵĹѾǽǼƷѪ֥ø飡  õ֮һ㣬ԻٶȲϵĻָԼʵ
һHK֮Уջ¾⼫ƷѪ֥ˡ
HKջ  ׶HKһˣ֮ǰЩС׽  ʵ׽磬кܶöдھ׻ôĲɣޱ䣬ôĺöʵҲеġ
ֻܶ׽ĺöһǺѷģ
һεļƷѪ֥һˣΪһҩҩĶѣȥ롣
ҲԼܹ֪Ļŵر¾Ҫˣ
Ҹۡ
ڰɽ֮䣬ҵĸۡȻֻвǧ֮ң
⵹ЩˣӦþǳļҵģٴ֮ǰԶ˵ġ
ҾôҲЩ˸о֣  ϸϸһ֮ҲжHKۼĵطҲɽˡ
ĵط߱ĻǼֱһһ£  ֲҶҪ߿ٽԼļ޽ȵطԭһСȪ
Ȫ˵Ͳֵһˣ
Ҫ֪ڿòʯȪ֮ڸǲϵţ  
ĽһصУѾȫ뿪ֻᡢĸߡ
ףҿֱӡ
һ׾ȻռܲˣǻվһԣЩﲻƽˡ
֪ҹɲΪ˵죬ʲôֱ˵ɡ׿Ľ΢΢һЦ
ҿͦŰ֪ǲͬˣĽʵ
ҶˣȻͬ˰Щװɵ˵
Ľһ㶣ӡУһҲʲôߣ  ΢΢һЦ׻ǿʲôıİһóٶڣ²һ˰ɣı󵽵˭
ҵıȻԼˣЦŵ
ޣԼ׬ôǮŭһ
ĽһȻתͷ׵ӱҹ߻ˣ⻰ڣƾҲ׬ôǮɣ
ϼһ׬ǮܱⱲ׬Ǯ࣬ǼӣҪǮѹңǺǣЦ
Щм˵Ͳ̸ˣ׽ҲĽܱȵģ  ϼţϼŵˣĽռܲϼŵܲã
ҲĨһ˿𾪣һԵռܲȻ
׿Ľܹվ߽͵ְɣСӾȻҵϷϼŵܲãǵӷʰ
ߣ˭Ľ𾪲ѣһֱҪȥϼŵǺηʥ  û뵽ϼŵܲþȻͳߣԱߵ˿ȥƺλߣ  ֶ³ռܲ
һԵᶼһ׻ΪһҵĿǰϼˡ
Ҫ˵֮ǰǻС򽣬ϼȴһɽһ㣬̾Ϊֹ  ԭֲֶ˵ĵȻֶHKվĽĵ̣ϣܹʶʱİе֥Ľ㽻ѣ򡭡
Ľ֪ʵԼѾһҪ˾ͷˣ
ƿؾ棡  ĽԼѾƿ˾棬ΪǵƿʵЩ̫šˣ
ĽĽĵԽԽ˰
ʱ⴫һ쳣ĵͳ
Ľһ˶סˣǼһôˣ




1223¼зݣ
 

Զ
ҵ峤Ҳ׵ˣ֮ǰHKʱǼԶ  ʵĶĿǰҲǾ̫幬ˣ
һԶĽԴӳȥˣ֮ǰ˵ҲȻĳȥˣ
ҲǸоǳ֣  è尡
Զʲô취ܹĵڸۿڴϢ˵Ľ˾ͻصң  ⵹ǸԶһûᣬҸɶѣֻҪĽҲûκεİ취
峤ʲô˼
ĽԶ˽ɫһӾ  һԵ׼ǰĽҲǰڰʾǲҪ  һHKͷż壬Ȼʵ൱
һУ  ΪĽĿǰҲ龳ĳڣԶѾ龳ˣ
ϻˣ
ʶ֮ԶѾһԾͻƵ龳ĺڣĿǰ龳۷巢һֵĳ
˵ҳ֮ΪHKһ壬޿ɺǵģ  峤ǵĹӦ֪İɣ˵ǸղſڸۿץˡԶһܣ  ɵɳϵЩԼ׵ʱ˶ˣ
峤ʲô˼ƾĲ²˵ץˣô˵ĻֻҪ峤Լ˻ȥĻǲʱȥ˰
ĽȻ׵ķģһʵ̫ˣ  ȻĿǰHKĵһ壬ôأ
ĽɲԶͬھأӼ˻ҧأ
ֶ֡
Զ֪Ӧûб¶ԼݣĽʮԴ˼İ  ԭҪģǺԶǺ׽ĳƺ
ţ峤Ҳʶֶ
ĽһԶֵֶʱа̾һҪһеĶǲ̫ˣ  һ棡Զ֮Ҳȶ
ȻĽ֪ĻΪʲôҪأ
ҪǵĻȻûʲôùӳԵģ
Ľһ£Ȼ峤Ȼ˵ĻǲΣ
ף
Զ֪Ľ«ʲôҩҲЩɻĿ˿ĽȻֿ˿һԵף
ʵ׵΢΢ͷӣҲǳȻ峤Ҫĳ׵Ļϴˣ
İɣԲ㣡Ľ΢΢һЦ
ʲôףԶ
Ľ˿ҪȻ峤Ʋǵ԰̸һ̸
ǣʲô˵Ĺɣ˵Զ
Ľһڵ峤һܹʵһΣ벻Ҫ
ϻǣöøң
ԶЦһƺҲµһЩʲôһﲻҪɣ
ҪĻĽ˰  ֱʿֱҵ  峤ȻԸȥĻĳֱ˵ˣղһ׽ϣһѪ֥
ĽԶ΢΢һЦѪ֥ĹЧ֪Ӧò
ҲǸ׽ģ׽֮˲ѣ
ҪĻⶫ¾˺ĺöˣ  ʱܹʵĶ˭ܾģ
ĽţԶԻͷģΪҲҪʵÿһ߷ܶĿ꣡
壿
̸壿̸ľǧ˭ܹľţΪˣ  Ѫ֥Ľ㿪ʲôЦ׽ôܻѪ֥أô֪ģ֪Ļ˰ɣ
ԶһܸһĺըʽѯʣһԵĽҲһ죡  ҪԼõĻ߷ϻ  ԶһԼĻҲֲѾõѪ֥ˡ
ǰλֶ׽СΪ˸ĶӶȻٶѪ֥˵˵ȥ
ĽоһĿϧⶫӦԼİзǳĲƽ⣡  ԶĽٺһЦ峤˼أ
ҵ˼зԭҪһõѪ֥ģȻ峤ˣȻҲܹǣ
Ľ֪һȿ˵ԼĻʱԶ϶ǰһߣ
ȿڣҲʡԶʱװˣ  ϣԶҲҪ̣
ĽȰ㻹˼ɣȻûǸ¾ͱ߶ֶۣߡ
Զ΢΢ϸĽ˿￴ó  һԶĸǰԶҪ̣
ԶĽɵȱģҲһգԼھһһȴӲҪ




1224¹ӭ
 

ԶǷǳΣһҶ˰  ĽΪԼHKԼܹ޷ˣ
ֻϧѡĶˣԵĿǾ̫幬
ʲôˣ˵֪ʲôˣ  ΪHK壬ԶʵǲһﵹùֻϧĽѾѬˣ
ĽӣԶЩ΢΢ҡͷĽҷȰһ䣬Լ
ߣԶʵȻҪǿһЩôҸ㣬Ѫ֥ȷֵģҪƽ֣Ҳ̫ĺһЩ
ĽԶѪ֥ĻԺԶĶ  Ȼǲܵ飡  ⵽ʱԽԽҿҲûз֮ˣ
һԵ忴Զ峤շʵЩף
ôˣ˵ˣҪֶ뿪Զ
׿Զ΢΢һЦ峤ǼȻҪúˣҵҪʲôҵҵĶ
֡⡭ԶǺ׵ݣ  СӣҪҵ㣬ΪţʲôһĿף
һҲ̫һЩȻõԶıӻ  İ쵽죬һܵ棬ʱ򻹼Ķˣ  ž
ײδ֣һԵԶѾһӣֱӱ˦֮߰⣬ѪˮƵ  һԵռܲԶմţӣҲǾȵͣ
ΪղԶ߰׵ľ룬ô˼ôһӣȻʹأ
Ͳͨ  ˿Ŷ̫ʲôˣռܲЩµקקף  ĽԼַռܲϣȻЦŵڣû£
֣ռܲԭЩ궯ĸ  Զ㾹ȻҴǼҶү忴ԶͻȻ֣ƶսƺһ  ĽǺҲ

ղԶ׵ĶһѾһ    еĳƺԶɲʲô࣬һ˵𾴣  壬¡Ľ
һԵף֮ʵ̫ŴˣǴǵ
峤
ĽԶѾǶһԵף˿Щϰµġ
˿ȥ˵ĵȻѲҲ֮ˣ
һ㶼͸˵ʵֻˡ
һ˾ͨˣɻһǾ˵ʵѾǴﵽһԼĵزˡ
Ľù̹ܽܽĶӣһԶɾͲôˣ
ԶĽ΢΢Цһ
峤λǡ
ĽʱѾûȥԼǸˣҪ֪׵ʲôˣ
ԶЦһϽ£ӭ

ҵļ˶ǱߣӭӣⲻǿЦ
ղǻҪȡϵĶһԶȻҪǹӭӣ
Ľ֮ʣԶѾǵϥ¹˫һHKԶӭݡ
峤αؿֲǵһμˣ΢΢һЦ
һԵռܲȵԼͣƺ֪˵ʲô  ʲôôøƬһأ
֪׵İһϰ壬һѧôʲôأ
һͷˮ  ռܲоԼЩˣԭΪֻҪϼŵ֮Ҳɮ濴ɣ  ˼Ҹϼһ£ƺĽǳӣ
ֻм¿ˣԼֻҪһоͶOKˡ
Զվ֪ǸûϢĶھ̫幬Ӧ
ԶһʱȻǹԼĶӣҪ֪ĶҲϣ  ԼײˣȻһȥ˾̫幬
Ҫ֪Ǿ̫幬ˣԺԼĶӻܲˣ  ֮ǰ̫幬ҽȵʱԶѾǾ൱İ  һɽ֮У˸оһϢ  Զ֮˵ĽʱҲǼѪڣ
׿Զ΢΢һЦСӵҲǲĿǰżλУżʱӦÿһɾ͡
лԶһεĹµ
װڰֵؿһHKҲΪ֮£
ŶǹģԶ˿һԵռܲЦʵ
Ҳǡ΢΢ҡͷ
죬һԵĽѾǴľһĿף




1225Ż˵֮
 

̫幬  Ľֵʱ˶ˣ  һԵҲòȥ˵˭֪֮£Ҳˡ
Ľ˶ΪĸȤ  Ҫ֪Ȼ׽磬ȻŸߵգ  һһȻҲΪĹע  պҪȥ磬ʱҲиǣ  ˵ǰֻ֪ڡ̫֮ĳŵĻô֪ĿɲֹЩˣ
̫幬ճ  Ľ˵Ⱥʵ˸оֲ  Ⱥնɱ̫龳̫ϳϼ֮ǵ֮жѾ϶ԺҪȥ磬ҲǼ̫幬Ⱥţ
ֻиŲŻǰ;ֻиŲŻлᰡ  û뵽ڸղţԶȻ˵ǰ˾
ղѾᵽ˾̫幬һǼǸεѡ
һԵ͸ոձ߻صָԼϵܹǳʱ  ȴһǶо˼Ļ棡  ͨ
Ľ˼ͬʱǿһĲΡΡ
ռܲǰһĻˣղŻצȺˣôȻ֮͹أ  仯Щ̫˰˸оһĿϾӣ
ף壬㡭ǡ
ԭΪ϶ǻһսڿ˵ΣҲһȦ  ʲô  ð
Ľ˿ɫɷףɪɪ֪һ޺˼ҷַӾܹƽң  ˼ѹҲûаҷУҪȻĻ´˿ѾǵȻ޴棡  ܹ̫Ⱥŵľ̫幬һССһУ  ǰҵʵǲ֪ݼ٣ʧԶӭˡ
ҲЩ˵ԭΪţ˼ء
һС˼˼Ǳߣ
ԶĽЦһĽĽ˵㻹ǵӹĶ㶼
ĽסĿͷʵǲ֪ʵǲ֪
ɣǵȷҪлһ峤Ļ
װڰ֣ʾĽվȻҲЩ΢ŭվûʲô飡
峤Ժ󵫷ҵȶȻ岻ݴǣĽ̵
ҪľǻŰһЩĶʲôã˵ŲӲ  ׿Ľһе飬ɣһ㵽ң
񡭡
ĽЩҴĿף˿ҲͻȻòˣ  ˣҲЩģռܲԶ뿪ң  ʵϣ׻ĲôȻĹĽȻҶԼ˼ɱأ  ȴһ࣬һǴ׽ȥģһHKʵҲΪ׽飡  ׽絹ЩãҲҽɣ
׺Զ뿪Ľ˵ݲ΢ĺתһЩ  һԵῴԼĸ׺ס壬⡭⵽ôһ°Сôֳʲô˰
ǻĸлԶСӰĽҲǳĺһ
ǰ磬ԶĻҽնˣҲһµ˵
ס壬ôǡ˭Ҳ֮ˣ֪ͷܴ
̫幬Ľһ
̫幬ҡôû
һԵ忪ʼ˾̫幬飬ͷֱð  壬Ҳ̫˰ɣ͡͸ղǸ˾Ȼôţŵ⡭ô񰡣
ʿˮĽƵ˵
񣿺ߣν˲òడ㿴Զ˸ߵ֮ˣʲôʱű¹
ĽЩµ˵뵽ȻǸмԼ˼ʮļһˡ
磬ҿǸϽ׼׼ɣȻ׽绹вҵ֪һHKΪ˸ʲô
ᣬ̸ȥһϼĶһҪӭһҪҿɲô˰
Ľһǵ˵Ȼ֪һιǸʲôģ֪һǱҪϵġ
ȥҲ֪ʲô飡  ǰﲻʲôæˣ׽ܹܹһЩæĲ




1226Ȭ
 

HKң  һͻȻԶҲ֪Ϊ£  ײûΪ֮ˣҲЩ֣Ͼ֮ҪĶģ
ռܲһҲǳϻ̳Ͽ֣֪һе׷ʲô  һιôǰ֪ͨҰԶ΢΢һЦ
֪ͨʲôǺǣһιΪ׽һЩ飬ҲûбҪͷЦŵ
׽飿ȻĻ£ԶЩ±ƣ׾Ȼ׽飿
Ҳ֪ˣ׽ĲҵҲΪӴ  ʵ׽ĲҵҲҵҲ¢ʽ־Ӫ
ţǽΣҲ֪ɣЦŵұ׳֮ˣ׻ƵĸȻǲԶġҳ뿪׽֮ǰȻҲϣǵܹͬٳ߸ͷһ
ԼǣԶЦŵĻԶҲԸһ֮Ȼã׽ҲһЩҵġ
ŶǺǣʲôİʵ
ֺ͵زɣಮ٣HKһЩȨģڵزȻСС֣Ҳԣ
Զ΢΢һЦ
׵ͷĽ˵ɣ
Ľ·ϣΪβͽһԶЩƵʵ
ͽ䣿ǺǣˣҲûɱ⣬ǼöҪ߶ѣ֪߲˵ˣ׽ӰĴʱΣҲҪ
˵Լʵ뷨˵Ľʲô¡
Ӱ̫̫ˣȻЩ˶ͨˣ
׵УͨҲˣֻǿһЩĸһЩѣ
ʵҲˣǳɣȻҲˣ  ֮⣬ɾ񣬷У˺ͷʲôأ
ǵ׵ǿ˹ǲһһɢ
ԣ˵ɱЩǷɵ˶ѣ
ǵ˵ʲôռܲЩܲˣʵ
׿ռܲЦŵһһúõĸ͵ģǰûлᣬȻˣǸʱҲ֪̫࣡һμȻˣȻҲ˵׵ġ
С㾹Ȼ֪
ԶԭΪռܲ϶֪ЩģҪȻôܰռܲأ  û뵽С㾹ȻʲôҲ֪⵹Щˣ
ЦŵɣҸطҰ飬ҪţһĽǰʱڽҲ١
˵꣬ԶҲǵͷȻ˵һƧ֮Ȼȥ
ռܲףΪҪһͣ  ׸͵ʱȴԼѾһط    ռܲط˶ɵˣ⡭ʲôط
ˣܲ˵ҹһӿºѽܡ
ĸռܲһ£һֺĳ治ϵӳռܲԺ֮У  ˴һʱ֮ҲǽŵĽһ飬ռܲЩĿɿڴ  ô˵ˣռܲЩ֪Щʲô
ԺͰɣȴһ飬Ҳҵֵ顭Цŵ
⡭ǲǾǸղ˵ػʲô˰ռܲʵ
΢΢ͷҲôɣһֶǿԻû̬ˣһӲҪ⼫ƷѪ֥ʵϾΪ˸á
ǸϽȥռܲЩǵĿ׵
ЦŵСѾˣһӦúúܶˣһҲ˰
ʦ硭
鲻֪ʲôʱѾվ׺ռܲԱߣͻȻռܲŵЩУ
һοʱҲǳ˼֮ɫ  һHK֮УջĿ¾ǵõ⼫ƷѪ֥ˣվԼĸǰܲأ
Ҫ֪ǸԼͬѵֵܣѾû˰鵱һūͣһ鿴
УԼֵܣֵܣ
ɩӵܶٺһЦ
˵СڿȥɫúܶЦŵ
΢΢һЦȬˣ徳ҲӦ΢ͻһˣҪȻа̫˰
ţ⼫ƷѪ֥ô׿ʵ
󲹣˵ֱǴ󲹰ʦ磬ô㵽ֺöİ鿴ʵ
ʼ˵ʵҲأ˵׽ôܳմȾĶأǡ
ʲôٺһЦʵ
طѺˣʲôɽ屦ٻطɽ٣⼫ƷѪ֥
һҲ뵽˼ֿԣ  ڰֵʦ磬ûбҪȥˣɽʲôĶûаǺǣ
Ҳ԰ɣżܲιһ£һǻóȥе飡
׿һڴռܲҲ΢΢һЦŮӦ»ٶȻͦġ




1227Ͷ
 

  ˿ĽԼĴѾĵȺ  Զûȥף˵˹ˣ֪ܲ  Ҫ˵Ļ˼ҿ϶ǻģ
ҪһǵĻҲ˼飡  峤
Ľ˿ﻹ֮ǰư磿
г˵֮⣬ƺûκ˼ˣܹ  ԶĽҿ˵ǲĶƺˣȣȷӼƽϡ
峤Ҳ֪ҵ֪ݹٰ֪ĻǽʮӣҲҰ
Ľ˿̿Զлһ˿˿ĸм֮⡣
ԶһεȷǾңһʱŭĻҾͿˣ  ЩֵУǲһȺ϶ѣ
ʵҲףĸֵĻ֪˶ٻˡ
Զ΢΢ͷĽĽһỹǵ˵ɣ
峤ĳ֪أ峤ʾĽЩʵ
ʾʲô˼ҲҵܹĦ𣿡Զ 
峤ǲ֪һǹĽΪĵǡ
ദôķϣҲ͸ɣ˵㻹˰ϵˣǴ֮٣һǡ궫ǽΣΪ֮¶
Զ̾һĽֿֿɺޣ  վǶô꣬˵Ҫʧȥ֣ԶԼЩįˣ
Ľĺһл峤㣡
лҾͲˣҾûǵ͵һЩȽϵĺãʹһˣ˵ʵҵȻ԰һ£׻ߡ
ԶĽʵ˼Ľվӣ  峤Ӧ֪ҶҲHK΢һЩȥ׻ƹݶðɣ
Ľ̾һ
峤ûжҵ˼ʶʱΪܣȻɱȣȻҲӦͶ֮ұ֮
ԶĽܹѵĹҲǵˣڽôѡͿĽˡ
ĽһʱɫǺ˵峤óĵҵȶʵ΢̫幬ʵǿ˼ῴСأ
ɽӡɰٴԶҪ˵ʱѾǴ¥
Ҳ˸ղԶĽ˵ĻǾԶ鲻  HKʵȻһ㣬շż壬Ÿߵǿ
Ѳɾ̫幬ֻշЩʵǿţ  ĻҰ
ҪĲЩҪһͳ磬ȻȵȥھԴ
νԴȻ˲ˣ  ֻ˲Խ࣬ʱǰɽ磬ԼеĵŻ㣡
ԭ׿ⲻһ򵥵飬ֻҪʱգǾ̫幬ǿ֮ⲻ˳µ飡
ааĳ֣׵Ĵ׵Ĳ  ֮ǰ̫Уǿг֣Լһɵ  һ뵽֮ǰаǳ֮ս׵лЩµģ
ҪѪվߵľͲˡ
Ľݼɸ
Ľ׵ĳʲôģڼҶѾǲŹˡ
ǣһһ׵ġ΢΢һЦ
һԵԶЦŵղ峤飬롭
ţղŵѾǵĶԻˣҾ̫幬£š壬£ȻҲܵڱӻ
׿ԶĽˣ˿ɿҲһĿģ  һⲻ֣Ľ̵ԸͿءǣ
⵹ҲûôĿţû£пк֮ءһ£ڱӻձ塭
׵кâľСˣ  ͨ
ĽԶȫصҵһѰӻ޲֮ģ
׵ͷ˵ˣҾ̫幬£ȱ뿪֮ǰ̫幬ȡＴɣ
ҺҵͶʵҲǿ˾̫幬죡  ײںǿ߱Ϊһȫ׼  Ͼ磬ҪǰĻǿɢĻᶼһС
Ľ˰ݼ֮˵һΪ֮£




1228˽̸
 

ҿ֮У
üĽ˿Ҳǰ˲٣  ׿ڴӦҳΪ̫幬ĸӹԺ粻˵ǺߣҲûʲô˸۸˰ɣ  Ľ˵һøˣ
Ȼˣ֪˼ƽϣһƽĻԼǸĶӿ϶Ǳסˡ
ǽԴϲ˰ɣ
ԼӣȥԺһҪĿܡ
һǳ¶˳ĻµʱԼҲò˽ˡ
һҴ֣֮Ǻģ
ǣղ峤ӦѾ峤˵˰ɣ׵ĿԶһۡ
Զһˣҡֻǡ
޷˵˾˵ˣʡ˵һ飡Цŵ
Ľ׵û뵽ӸλȻϵףˡ
Щƨ֮ԾͲ˵һHKҪΪ˳ﱸϻױƷHKеˣHKĹƺҲЩƮҡ
׿Ľ΢΢һЦһҪĿľ  ǡ˵Ļռܲطˣء
׾Լȥ˹Ҳ˵ģҪ֪ǼƷѪ֥һ˸ߣʱԼ֪ĻҲ׷Īġ
ѾĳԼĸǰҲһİο
ʽڳһЩѾHK
HKһĨڣΪͷߵңȻ֪ĺܶ࣡  ŶǵĿ껹HK׵Ʈһ˿ɱ
ĽͷÿһεľΣܻһЩ˷ΪߣЩԼ׬貧ӯܿվͨϰհ
ǰǰĿңҲᣬ˾ȻĿ׻ƣHKҲԴˣ
׿Ľ뷨
һԵῴ׹֮ǰͨһЩýı֪׻ƵĹѾ˴ˣ˵ʵڵģû뵽Ĺ˾HKУ
Ǻǣ׻ǱɰţǰڳҾԲʽ׻ƣ׻ƾôķչӯЩ˵Ǯ׻ƹ֮Ҳ˲ʲôˣHKͬ
ЦŵHKϾǳСԱڲ  ͷHKȻ𣬿HKϾСʱǣƲǺܴ󣡣ǳңҲĿHK
ɣ峤Ȼȥ߰ɣһѻ׻ƹѾ˿ʼʽˣҪǸĻҶȻǸصĴۡ
׵Ŀ͸һɺâЩҪĲʶʱĻHKоͽΪǵجΣ  ҲΪ׵ȫ׼ЩڳֻҪʮӵʱ䣬ͿԼĿȻʧ
Ҷڽڷ涮ĻǺܶģκεҪֻҪǲҶɣھͻȥʽʱȺĲǲ
ĽҲ˵
һԵԶҲǵͷѾ׽ĸԶˣ
Զզû˵ءĽԶҲЩʵ
ҵӣҲ׽ܸˣһҲͷ¶ģԶ΢΢һЦ
ĽĴָ峤쳣ĵ͵HKЩҵҲҵӰӣһ㣬Ļǲð
ԶҲʼ磬ȻԶ
һȥʮµ˽һʵҲǸո֪ǰ˵˭ģ  ݼǰݼ峤ˣݼ峤ӡԶܵ˿ŶǸоǳ  ׿˿ԶţҵǸѲ֪ҵݣԵʱǻǲҪһǰĽСǿԽ֣ĳƺԡ
򲻿ɰǶҡĽ̵
ûʲôɲɵģô˰ɣ鳾˵߰ɡ
⣿ԶƵĿס
ʼ˵ˣЩ֪Ϳˡط˰ɣȻ׽磬ȻҸ׵ĵطˡ
ԶЦŵֶ֡ҵ֪һõط
СԴӵͦ΢΢һЦʲôط
ɽׯԶ׹




1229¾ɽׯ
 

ɽׯһĵط
Ҳ΢΢һЦʵɽׯһȼɽׯѣ
滷¡HKߵĶȼٴ֮һ
Ȼˣ˲δȥΪHKǻҪĵطȥȼ
Ȼֶ˵Ƕһٶѣ
ЦŵУȻĻǾȥǸطɣһιҲΪѡ
һԵռܲȻû˵Ѿ˷ܵĲˣ
û뵽֮⣬Ȼһأ
ԼʶˣȻһˣռܲоһĲ˼飡
ͷ룬Ļô˶ݵʱ˴ĳɾأ  ԶЦŵɽׯҲЩӣҵȥһΣ棬ʺԣ
ôõĵطҲЦʵУȻˣ
װڰֵλҲҪֺһ߸ʲôʵ˲رע֮ˣֻҪû⣬Ķ˵
ǣ
Ȼô˵ǶױϾϤһҪǴŭզ죿
׿˻ôС΢Ҳεʼ磬ȻԶ˳žɽׯķ򼲳۶ȥ  ɽׯHKϲﵱ귢뺣񼣣
ʶɽׯ  ɽׯѾǱһڶȼٴĵطȻˣΪ̫ߵҲ㲻̫ã
ǻЩطϾĻıһĵطҪĶĶ࣡
ǣﵹһɽׯһɰ׸֪һ£һЩ֮⣬ûκʵĵط
Զ׺ռܲ΢΢һЦֶַˣǾɽׯ
˭˭ַ˰ռܲɫһ
һԵЦЦСӵ컹ǹﰡȻڻַˣȵȾַ
ףҪ˰ռܲɫߺ죬һ˵ʵЩ
ҲЦЦȻԶЦŵʵɣҵи飬طǿ
ֶĿǰг۸˵Ļطʵ˲㣬۸ߣⲻզΡ
׵Ȼ֮˲ں׽ĽǮɱϾס׽磬ʵҲҪһЩ  ɽׯȻǵһղ·ҲԶ˵ˣطʲô֮أ
㣿ȻǺġ΢΢һЦ
ûԶôĻԹɫ΢΢һЦֶطȷǷǳĲȥ֮һὨǼϰġ
ֶ֡Ѳ桭
һԶҪȻҲǷӦ˹˼ΪôСǮԼȻ䶼ҪԼˣ
ɽׯΪʲô棬Ǿû뵽׿Цŵ
롭ֶΪҵȽ󣡡
Щ͵˵ţʵ΢֪⵽ô°  ˵ҺѡطеģҪ˵˵̸ϣ  ɽׯǹʱ򣬷ȷҪǱҪһЩ  ҺҵνĳӦûùԭ
ǿֻǱ棬ȴܹʣ
Һҹһ΢͵󣬶󼸺Ѿǿݽˣ  طȻ
뺣ǵǾ֮۵ĵطΪҪڴ뺣
ȻһС͵  ȻС󣬿ɶĿǰҺ˵Ҳһʾ޴ĲƸˡ
׿΢΢һЦҺҿ԰ѼǨˣٿɱǧԴǡ
ǧꣿ
Զᶼ𾪵ĿףǧʵЩ̫˰  ׿˳Ծģǧ׵ĵطһС͵˵أǿҪҹõ΢ҪٱΪҪǣһ˵ֵֵأ
ֵֵֵ̫ˣ˼ͬʱʿˮ
ЦŵҲżһʱᣬȽȥסһ˵ɡ
лֶ㡭˹
˼ָһ£ܹôʱ䣬˿Ƕּһ֣  ɽׯſڣͣŵĴǺ
Ҫ֪ɽׯסһǵҪԪģһһ򣡣
ֵطͲʺͨߣλ̫ߣ⵵ҲǺѽȥģϾɱأ  ˿̣ɽׯĴ֮ڣŶʮˣǶͦģ




1230ԤԼ
 

ɽׯ룡  ׵˽ȥʱ򣬿ǰѾΧ˴룬һȺ鼤ܵӣҲһĲ죡  Ǿɽׯʲô˼ԤıΪʲôͲס˰
ǰǺôҲҪһ˵ɣǴԶܵǸûˣ
ǰûзʲôԤֱǸЦ
첻סǾסǴˣ
һȺ˷ĿǰǸþǴþҲһΣ  ˵λλûзˣѾλԤǼƵ꣡
ʲôǼƵ갡ǸǼıòã˵ˣǾǳǾɽׯͷģҪסǼƵҪȥԤ𣿡
һȥӦҲǷǸ
Բûа취ϰͻȻ֪ͨġþΪƣ
ʵɽׯҲǿһʱȥ׬Ǯء
ϰոͻȻ绰˵һ˰ˣ
ǾɽׯһʮױѾȥ˰ⲻ  ʮױȥˣһȫˣ
Ǻð
ϰѾ˵ˣʲô취ҲҪЩȫˣҲûκεİ취
λþҲǱȽϵĳϿңǰΪЩԤ˾Ƶ꣡  ܹɽׯסˣ˼һںǼ  ˵ʵЩǴͨùݸǵǼƵĻǿ϶һõЦݣ
Ҫǰ˼ҴӾɽׯ͵ǼƵĻǾͲһˣ
ֶ⡭ҲױôأԶ
һԵӦʲôأĻҲʱȡģϾɽׯ澭ӪĳҪԼƣ򲻿ӵġ
ȿ˵ɡ׵Ȼ˵
һߣ
Ǵþ˵λλ԰꣬԰꣡Ϊϰʱ֪ͨһδҵԤǳеˣһΪλΪǼƵ꣬·ͻȻλ⡭
·ͻȻǺǣ˹ˣǼȻסɽׯȻҲҪɽȥһٹ֮ǼƵ꣬вɣ˵ˣǲôǮ𣿡
һλŭһѾǮǮˣһ⣡  Ҫ֪ɽׯһϿһˣǼƵHKһϴҲʹ󼸰ٿǮҵĻеֻҪİپ͸㶨ˡ
棬ľһ飡  ˼ҵļƻѾǶˣͻȻȻвˬˡ
֮ǰ˵ģ˼ҼȻܹסһһ˵ı˼һںЩСǮ
ЩӦöǳɹʿҪȻͨļͥҲܻôǮһ˵ģ
þ˵⡭Ѿ˵ˣΪϰʱԡ
ʲôϰʱϰ˭ôţҲûôİɣҪǲ⣬źˣʡ߶ۣ
ӼҲǻðɣƺҲûоЩ
ǣһûеĻǲס˭ҲҪס
һŭһͷܿ˾šһ
ҪУܹǰǼƵĻǻ˵
˼ѹû˼ǴþͷȫϸЩЩƵ˵λҡҲ֪ʲô
㲻֪ʲôǾ֪˵ΪǺ۸ǣҸǣ׻ҲͷˣHKҲǹѵģǹ۸ġ
һӾվͬһϣȥһͬӣ
þҲûа취Ҫ׼˵  ʹһλǶԲˣǾɽׯĸǿ壡
ǰɣǾɽׯô𣿽ǱҪסȥ
ͷӳ
մǿ忴΢΢һЦ
ҫҫӳ
ܣλϰ壬ʵ·ͻȻʵҲλ˵˰ˡǿ
ҲӦǰİɣǲ᲻Ԥ˶ˣǸ˵Цǡҫŭһ
ǿ嵭˵֪˭Ҹ߸λ֮HKպĻʼּܲ巵ĹǾ١
ʼּţҫһ㶣ʼּʵҲ֪һЩģΪԼǸ㴫ýġ
ʼּŲHKʵ׻ʵҵҲѾʼˡ
˵ʼֵּѾڣHKȦĻʵ۰
ҫһЩĬˣԼǵﲻ٣ڵԼҲŪһﰡ
ǿͷʵλﲻ٣ǾɽׯҲǲٷʲôͻԻλ¡
ʲôǵ£ǼȻ˷ӣǽͱסȥ
ЦһһΪݱȽϵУһīһ˻ϲ




1231ֺ³
 

ɽׯ
ǿ忴ŽҫѾϢĵӣҲ΢΢һЦ  Ǿ٣һܹ
Ҳ˵ģʼּŵıҲųģʤǻʼּű֯
ɽׯ˰
ʵҲǱΣɽׯʱҲǿԻؾġ
ΪǾδһҪطɽׯΪֺǾǿеĽԤķˣ  ǿǰ䣬ͬǺٻ  ɾΪѾҪʱ򣬾ȻֱQ˼ˣ  ҸղѾ˵ˣطѾǱ˰ˣӦö˻ɣ
ǿЩŭˣһﻹǲʶʱ񰡣ԼѾ˵ˣȻ˸  ѲĲɣ
ʲôϵֻ֪Ƕױ˾Ҫסȥ
ҲһһĴмһССĻʼּţ
Ҳһ˺º£Ըȥˣɲµˣ
˵ˣʼּŵı󵽵˭ܲ  أ  ԶһǾ֣ЩЦʶǾǾôܽӴõأ
ʼּҵĲҵȻռаٷ֮ʮĹɷݣҲһССǰѣ
һУĸţ͵ù
ôļ򵥣  ٣˳ĲզΣǲСȻ˵ĻˣҲӭ
ǿ岻м˵ҲڸһɫˣȻǲҪΪʲôҪأ  û⣡Ǯ΢΢һЦ
һǧһ죡
ǿ˵һԼò˼֣ҲΪ˺ˣһǧ
ⶼܹסµʱˣ˿϶ǲóǮġ
ɽǺİֱǸ
ǰ洵컨׹û뵽Ȼ̼ң
ǸǮҪסʲô˲ģϱǸǮҲٰɣ
ǸӲʲô⣡
һԭЩϢģһվˣǵһˣ
һԵԶЦһһǧǾɽׯôģǾҵҪǸʲôţˣ
ٹж󰡣Ҹ㣬پ·ϣһҿǲôţƣ
ǿ忴ԶţӣҲǲмЦһ  Ҳ͸Լǰߺģţ˵ʱ򣬿ŵ˫ȶҪ˰ɣ  ῴһ׵ֶ
ҵνطҲһġЦŵ
ֵܣʶʱ񰡣ٻ治ЩܹǵģϣԼܹأ˵ʲôĻʱùĿɲҡ
ǿ忴׺ЩӣҲ
׿ǿ΢΢һЦº˵Ҿøղþ̬ȾͺܲզΣʵҪʲô
ǣ˹˰ͷ˻Ƕడ⣬˵ǣʲôʸ߽а壿ߣǰǣһҪˣ¾Ͳˡ
ǿҲ֪ٵ·˼ţ˵¾һ֣ţ  ԼһƵĸܣûʲôʵܹ߸  ʱ˼ٹˣһ˰ɣ  ȷǱȸղҪһЩ΢΢ҡͷ  һԵԶô˵ҲЩŭɶֱһŴǿϡ
һﵨǷʰȻ˵Ļ
Ȼ붯֣ȴܹӣ  أ
ǿֱӱһ߷ڵأڿлתȦصˤ˵ϣ  ʹŤı˿Ŷоǳۣ
ãúã
ǰҲЩֲ´ǲҶ֣
񿴵˶ˣȻҲͬ飡
㡭㡭ȿȿȡ
ǿƺЩоԼһʹ˳Ҳ̫һЩ  ˵һ飬Ǽÿ֮Ҫǰ첻׵ĻŲҲɽׯ
Զɲʲô࣬ߣǲˣ  Ҫ֪һ׺ַ˹סģһ£һԼҹ˾Լ
ܲŭ  㡭Ǿ͵ɡǿгԹ֮ɫ
ԼϣȫѹǸٵϣ֪һ˲ԭһܲġ
ʱͣ  һ˽ʮˣ




1232Ǿ
 

Ǿ  ʼּܲ巵ĶӣHKֽ磬νһָ
Ǿһ˵ܶŮǸȾġ
Ǿƺ߸߶·ˣڸĳλŮѾǹ¶棬׼˼  ǾԱߣһΪ崿ŮԱߣ  ۿȵĵӾ˶֪ŮⲿŮǣ  Ů࣬һӴߵСһһ߻ĵ
һʼܶ˶֪ൽΪʲôͻȻQ
Ȼ೤崿ˣֽǼʤģ
ףǾôô˰㲻˵ܶ𣿡࿴ǾЩüʵ
ѽ࣬Ұ㻹𣿡ǾӵٺһЦ
ʮֵĻˣжȣǾʵҲżȻʶġ
ֶΰǾŪķܻӭ̬ӣǾǳá
СĻ˿ģǾо߸оԼľǴ˵еǸˣ
ȻˣȻǾûзκεĹϵ  һСʲôĻΪԼˡ
ҪĿɲֹЩԼǰ̣ƴֿǾ  ̼ʲôģǾȻĺԼˡ
ǾһҪȴû˵ȴ˵ıԡ
һǾΪ˸ʶһգɽׯ
ãɽׯʵҲ˼ʮԪѣ
ҿȥΪĸ߶˴ϵΣֶֺΪأ
һߣ
ǿ忴Ǿ˹֮ҲһίƵƵ  ١
ǿվŤŤľͳǾķ˹ȥ
˭أ
Ǿʶǿ壬ֻʶɽׯϰ֡
٣ҡǾɽׯĸϡǿ壬¥¥ϵأǿЩΡΡ˵
Ŷԭܰô°һΪܳСءǾ˿ǿ壬Ҳ΢΢һЦ
һԵǾеˣҪȥϢһᡭ
˵ûŮ˵еˣǾǿ
ǿЩΪѵĿǾ٣⡭˵״
ž
Ǿû˵ȥǸǿһӣһͷֺˡ
˲Ӱʱôû˵״أ㾹Ȼ˵״ΪǾôˣ𣿡
Ǿոǿ壬Ȼһקǿͷ
٣ġ
ǿŵֱӰ˵һ飬ûͼӴף˵ѾǾŭˣ
һԵǾϽ˸߰
úúã࣬ŰǾӣǾ͸̫ʵһ㡣
Ǿ쵽˵ҲǹҵģȻһŮŪڹ֮С
Ǿʮɷ֮ˣЩԭҪָˣҲʿˮƺҲŵЩҴ
ôţղ˵ǲͦţƵHKȻҸǾȥӻǴ󰡡
ǾΪ׵ԶЦһ
ԶҪ˵һԵ࿴ռܲмŵ֮ģ۾ֱˣ  㿴ǸŮĲϴĶÿǲðҲҪһװƷ
ԭҲһĵĿˣԼʱյĵλЩѰ֮ѾԼͬն
ʲôǾ˿ռܲռܲʱҲʿˮ
ɫ֮˵ıܾǿŮ˾˷ܣ  񿴵ôŮߣߣҲҪ԰һԼʵġ
˵ͨƯŮ˾Ҫȥ԰£  ⲻ֪һŮ˿оǳɵƣ˼ŮѾ˵£͸Եɵˣ  ٣Ǽͷ£ߣ֮ǰԤţǹܲǿͰǵԤˣ˵Ҫɫ
ǿΨ²ҵ˵ҸǾΣҪ
ҪȻԼٴǰװˣ  ҰǾϣǰ׵˵ϡ
ǵ͵Ӳ  㣬
Ǿռܲ¶һ˿а֮ɫΪҲʲô
ΪʲôҪ˭
Ǿռܲɲ£ߵǿɶ֮ˡ
һҪҲûа취ˣ  ˵ˣҶѰ֮ˣԼ֮͸Լģˣ




1233·쭵Զ
 

ռܲ˿ΪǵǾҲüͷһ  ȻûаǾУ
ǾԴŮĻеģռܲٺһЦ˵Ů㲱ϹҵǸˣ

ռܲЦһ˳һǧڣҲġ
͸ԼĵһҲⱲһ
Ķ  Щ޼۵ģ֮ռܲ޼۵ġ
޼۵Ķ˼ǳٶǮҲģ
˵ˣռܲȱǮȱǮ  ߣװʲôߣ
࿴ǰŮӾȻԼʻãȴҲԼļ֮һӾˡ
װװ߸ʲôϵܺԼˣҵĶ˵˲ǲ
ռܲҲϬķţһԵ׵˶ĬĿǾıݣ
Զˣײδ˵Ҳûʲôٶ  ǾСһԶᶼѾǴ˹ʶ˵ڵһأ
۸ҡ
һռܲȻʶԼһԼ죬һӾ¶СŮ˵ӡ
ⲻ𣿾˵ںܻһHKŮǰ
һﻹǻʼּܲõĶӰҪȻôܸһأ
ֲɽׯ˺һԭͷĴ󰡣
˰ɣǿѹͷأǻ߰ɣ
½ҫǰ˿ǾˣҴһֹҲǱ죡  ǱϾֻεģҪǵǾĵͷߣԼֻܹ㵹ùˡ
Ǿ˿ռܲٺЦŮȰ㻹ǹԹԵİ㲱ϵĶң㻨˶ǮҸˣ
𣡡ռܲ
Ȼ˵ǾǮⲻЦǾЦ˼Ů˵ͦ·ӵġ
ⲻǸһ֤ԼʵĻ  Ǯ˵ǾʱһĴȣ
˵ǾŮ˾ΪעѣֵʲôǮ
Ҫ򣿡ʱ˿ǾĨһ˿ζЦݡ
һԵԶ׵ֶҪȻȥ
ȻҪɣֻҪóһڳҲν΢΢һЦ
ۣ
˼ڵóһڣⲻǳ
ֵôǮֱǮ
Ǿԭһ˿ЦݵɫСӣˣ
Ȼߺʲôأ˵ˣԱŮ˻ǲⶫ
ҲЦһŭҲǽ˳
ϻԼèˣ
ǰɣúúãǾˣϲҰǼһ趼ʶ
Ǿ׵Цһ
һԵһɫӵ٣İɣ
ȥɣǾһԵӺٺһЦһỹܲ˵ʳ
ǲǲ  ȥԼǳճļ⿴ȥ쳣ǿ׳  Զһ׼׵ķ˹ҲֱӳǰȥһȭǸ˺˹ȥ  أ
ûκεԶ֮ˣһֱǲѴ֮
Ҳ֪ԼˣԼΣ
ԼҲմ
ûݵһҪԭΪеĲҵȻӪ
һֱվĻǸˣҲ뱩¶Լݣ
֪Ҳ⼸˶ѣ

ǾǰⱩԶŵһ£Ҫ֪ǺʤĽƴ֮һ  һȭ̵ˣֱǲб  һϣ
Ŵ̵Ǿʮ˻һ֮ҲǾһ㶨ǰһ
ῴԶҲǼ֮У  һȭһ
̶̵һӲʱ䣬Ǿʮֱӱɷڵأûһܹվ˵ģ
˲Ϣ䣬ǾʿˮǰһУˣ
㡭ǸҴҺʤˣǾɫЩҰףһԵҲһ
Զôڹ¸ֶǸȻһ顭
ҶĸǾû꣡
ž
һĶֱڿתʮȣȻصˤ˵ϡ
һԵǰһţֱӽǾ˺üţ
һԵ죬Ǿֵ˿һĽ  ˿̵ЩʼˣǾʲôˣ̫ˣô˶ܱأ
ǸղűĴվ֪ڸ˭ͨߴһ֮ҲܵǾĸǰ
ֶҪȻͷһ᣿ҵĴҶȻֶһԶ




1234ֱĸ
 

˰  ǾоԼ൱ĶˣԼϲŮ˸ǰ˸ˡ
ԼǰҲˣܲǷŭһƬ  һŭ٣Ѿɸ绰ˣɸһ͵
ɣʤһƴ֣  ˵ɵĹϵǲģںʤȻŲţҪս൱ǿģ  Ϊ̩ȭ֮ںʤĵλҲ൱ĸߵġ
ɸ磿úúã㡭˸ҵţҡҡ
ǾԶˣ˴һֱŭ״̬֮УҪ˹ԼĽ룡  ԼȻˣбٶ˵
һԵ޿ĿǾǾҡѾ״绰ˣһҲġ
һֱǾһԵЦŵ˵֣ʼּſҪܲ˰ⶼʲô˰
ţٶ֮ȻᴦģԶ
ֶһôῴЦʵ
׿˵ôôɡ
ˣײû˿ͬģ˵Щڸв֪  ˺õȫԻһʽ
һֺеģ˸һЩѵȻġ
ܡ
ʱ߽һˣȥʮ£һǿ屻ҲǸϽ˹
ܣϰûУ°
ǿһҲ˿ҲЩҴ
ֽΰǾɽׯĸ֮һ  ΰҪ˵ʱ򣬴ĺ߳һˣ˲ǱˣǾɽׯϰ֣  һֱ֮ӳǾķ˹ȥѽѽ٣ô˰
ܣطţҾȻ⼸׻иˡǾˣҲŭ޴й˵
ô£Ҿӣôǿ壬˵ֿǿŭһ
ǿ忴ŹֵܣΪԤ˷飬Ըٷ˳ͻЩ˾ȻҴ١
Ǻˣֿǰļ˵
Ǻ˸ʲôϵǺǣֻ֪ԤıڹøˣѲǮǮҵǮͲǮ𣿡
ῴŹЦһ
ԲλΪ·ͻȻԡΰǰк
ܹ̬ȣ˵ʵ»иأ
ֿһΰΰװʲô˰ٶˣ㻹ǵǸҪ𣿡
ܣǷҵ鱾·ͻȻǾɽׯľǸڱڱûˣԺ󡭡
ΰŹ֣ǷԷθһ仰ˡ
ľǿڱڱû˵ĻǾõġ
ˣһο͸ˣ˰һοͺˣԺɽׯҪҪ˰  ΰҵĻûôΰֳ
ΰܣʵһʼҾȰȻҲû˵ʲô鱾ǾɽׯԣЩֻ
̸ҿ
ǾΰһﾹȻ˵ҪȥһＸˡ
ⲻǻϽ
ҶְһһεĶô죿  ϣԼܹһʱҪԼĸ׺ͷɸĻ˻ܹŵļʱ
ΰѾܾˣʲô㲻᲻֪ɣھ͸ѡ񣬵һڶ˹ҲʲôɱˣҸһ뷹ԣɽׯҵģ
ĵվǾһߣʵ˵һԭΪΰɣ
һһֱŹǱ˵Ųܹ˿˵ķ䣡  ùһķƣȻһ
ܣղŻӦҪģ⡭
ΰû뵽ֵı仯ȻôĿ죬Ϊٱ˸ˡ
ʵҲû뵽龹Ȼᷢչĵز  ǾŹֳҪһŲľɽׯţ
ǣΰʽ֪ͨ㣬㱻ˣʵѾ˼  һԵԶЩŭΰ΢΢һЦǰɣǿ㣬Ƹ㡭
ǣ
ΰһԶҲǲĺܣѹʶ  ˼ҾȻ˵ҪƸԼΰЩɵĿ˿֪⵽ô£




1235Ԯֱ
 

Ȼ̸Ƚ˵ɣ
Զ˿ҲԸĸΰӡǷǳĲ  ֱ  ԶҪģҲǾ߱ģ
Ȼ˿ΰȥЩᣬԶ˿˾ǼԭһΪɽׯķչŬ
ֻΪϰĹָʲôõ  ߣһԺҪܹHKȥҵֵд
ǾŭĿǰһУڲԶ˶Կΰа취ģ
һȷɸԼĸ֮ĻҪ˵ôţ
ȥ첻ȥ˵㣬˵㣡Զ
㡭ơ
ǾֲҸԶ̫ţ棬Ϊղű˴ͦҵģֲ
Сʱ֮󣡣  һɲ˾ɽׯǰֻʮˣһɷǳЩˣ
ֻϧֳŻŻͨ˵ҲǰˣҪŻ׵˵Ļ¾Ͳˣ  ֮Уĸ˵սɶױȵģ
⡭ǰɰ
Ǹղûڵغģ
֪ղžͲ˰ǻһ˰ɣ
˵ô˼⼸λǰǳͷģԹۣ
˵ɵЩʲôƴҪϺˡ
֮ǰ˶ǰˣһЩߣһЩѾǴùˡ
ʵҪǿΪ͵ʵûж١
ɸ磬˰
Ǿһһͷһֿ˽˾ǼԼ׵һֱȥ
ɿǾҲ˵ү汻˸˰һΪڿЦأHKĵؽϣ˸ҸǺʤȥǣҽ컹Ҫʶʶ˰
ɸ磬ҰһˡǾ̵
ܲҲûҪɣôС»Ҫܲãɿ˿ǾҲǣٿܵͷⰡ
ɸ磬ǣǴҡǾָԶˢһˡ
˶ٵģǼģ
ɿԶȲұôΧţȻ޾ɫҲЩƣһȶˡ
ǿ˼⼸λҪƽʱȥţǾ֪Ҫ϶ٱ  ʵԼҲ֪һһõϵĻ֪˸Ūʲôˡ
˼ҵĳûа취  ˭ЩһͺŽأͬ˲ͬҲûе鰡  ң
ԶŽɣȻЩʶԼСܣ
ΪʤԣλȨأ
˼ԶҲӼүүһ㣡  ˸ܳСӣҲֱܹģӻǹʵİ
û뵽˾Ȼֱ䣬Ҳŭһ
ԶŽɵûôĹ⵷ңңҪСʱ֮ڲҴȣ
ŵĻûмôŵģҵȴ˵
ŭһѾǳԶķ˹ȥ
һֵĳƺǻ治ǰ׸ģ
ɵĶ׼ݣֻϧԵĶʵ̫ǿˣ
䣡
˫ȭԺ䣬ѾǶ
һԵǾŽǶˣҲ˷ܵĻԼȭͷ
˷ܵȭͷûоͿѾʹĹ˵ϣ  һͷѵŶо۰  ɸ硭
ǰҲŵòҶˣΪųƵһֵķɸ˼ҵһжûйȥ
Զղһȭֱӽɵһָֻ˷ԵĹˣ  ɳʹѾǹ˵ϣסİţ  ԶһŲ˽ɵϵ˵һ飬ҹ
£  Ǿ˶һ£һԵĹָдһ˿Ŀ־壡
˭
ǿǻʼּŵĶ³ʤﰡ  û뵽һﾹȻôţ棬ֱ˵˭
㡭
ɵҲһĿ־壬Ըⶪ˰ȻѾǺܶˡ
ҪԽˣ
Զֱó˵绰ͨĺ룬һԶԼɽׯ֮Ҳŵ÷ɱ  ס֣
ʱֽˣΪ׵ǸȥǾĵʮֵƣ  ˣ  ֮ǰԼĶӱ֮ҲǷŭ쳣
֡
ǾԼϵ˿Ѿǲ˵ˣɶˣ˵ɶ  ԼϵҲǰ׸  ˭㣿Ǿ巿ԼĶӵӣҲʵ
֣ǡǣɸҲǸˡ
ǾָָԶˣȻָָڵʹధĽɲΡΡ˵
ɵ̧ͷʱ˶סˡ




1236ӻʼֹ
 

ܣþò
ῴЦһһǰˣһ鶼ûа취ˣ  ᣬ㣡
巿ʱܵΪԶĴ֣  ᣿ĽĶӣǾһ  ͷ֪ģ֮ʵûʲô
ѹҲˣ巵ʶһЩ
ΪʵҲȦˣֻ˶ѡ
׸ĽĶӣֲ˼ôţ
û뵽һɽׯȻܹĽĶӣ
ǰϽĸշȦ
HKطǺСȻܹĽĶӣˣ
һĽ֣һӾ˷
ǿĽĶӾһϰ
ԭΪЩ˸ǰ˵Ķ֣Ϊݣһƺͻصͬһһ㣡  巣ӿ̲ܽϰῴ΢΢һЦ
ô̶ܽҵ飬ֲָֻţҸ㣬첻˭ҵĶӣҶȻú
巿˿Զ˴ڱŭ״̬֮£  Ҫ֪HKҲͷˣԼĶ񱻴ˣ  ҪǴȥĻԺô죿  Ȼû뵽龹ȻйϵɾΣ  ǻʼּŵıҲҳģҾôԼĶӲԼһ  ҵҪôúԶ
ҵĶӣ
ôˣҸ巣ӽ쿪ʼʼּţԶ
ᰡᣬĹӻǻ˰ҽҪôҹʼּŵģ
ҲΪţҪ֪ǻʼּŵĹɶ
ҵĹϵҲǷǳҪãǶ³壬ǸϵǳǢ
˵ˣǻʼּŵĹɶ˭ʸӻʼּŹȥ
ᱳǺţţô  ʼּŸûаëǮĹϵѲһչʼּŲɣ  Ҳ˵ģ֮˻ǿҵˣ  ҿû˵ʼּţûйϵʼ
ߣеûеϣ֮Ҳ˰Ҹ㣬˽ߣҪȻɱǺʤҹȥ
巿ᣬҲ֪Լ᲻ܹô֪Ҫ֪ѶˣǾͱҪһЩܹѹƵסң  һԼǾԲԼĺʤ
ῴ巵ܲðЩͬ㣬㶼֪˭
ߣװʲôβǣҰ˴ߣ
巶һԺʤ˳Ҫ֪ںʤҲǹŵģұֲͣ
˵仰ǷǳĹõģ
ܣȰ㻹˼УЩĿ巵
ŸʲôǺʤҲɣ£巳
һ£  Щԭûжֵ˾ͳԶķ˹ȥ³ȴҲͬң  ԶЩˣȭŵļͽս  ս֮ͣɼһߣ
巿Զ֣Ҳŵˣ
ⲻѧ  ô˴ˣȻ˶̶̵֮ھ͸㶨ˡ
ŵϺ˵ŵˣҲʿˮᣬ㡭ҪǺʤԵˣҸ㣬ˣҲҪǺʤӣ㡭
ӲǸģԼãѾˣֻϧ㲻գֵܹ˭أ
ᣬ㡭
巵ɫѿ˼㣬ִ򲻹˼ң˵ĻǸӵĶˣ  ڵѵľأʤǵһ˵Ķˡ
ʮ˺ƺƵĹ˼˸ɷڵأԺ˵ȥʤ¾ͻΪһ۲۵Цˡ
һԵǾ巵֣ҡҿǻ߰ɣ
Ǻˣ׵ĺˣ
ߣǺǣҿ˭̤һȻ˵ˣӻʼּŹҾҪ˵
ԶҲĨһ˿ɱʤԽԽˡ
ǲ֪嵽ôģʤѲѾΪ˵Ĵֲɣ  ⣬һ˼ݳ˾ɽׯ  ֪ʲô飬Զ绰ǿ൱ġ
ɽׯ֮󣬵ϺŵˣҲǿһ£  ԶŭĿԲʱҲŵøϽǸ˹ȥ




1237
 

ôˡ
֮ʣ徹ȻԼ֮УҲһĲ죡
˵ֱӳԶĸǰ˹ȥӣôˣ
ԶԶӣҵĵλҲǳȻģ  ˵֮⣬ԶĵλǷǳĸߵģҪͺԶҲֵһ㣡  Ҳ֮ˣֻʵһ㣬ӪͷԵǲ
ͳΪ׽ĳҵĴˣ֪Լ׽Ȼţ棬Զ˵ĸǰǼֱǸС䣡
尡壬㻹ţʤΪ˰ҵĿ˶Ҷ
ԶЦһ
ӣҡҲ֪ô°
⶯ǹ˵ģһԶŭֱӹ˵ϣ
۾
˶Ǵ۾֮ǰ˿巺˶³ʱ˼ǲµ˵ݣ  ӦþǻʼּŵĶ³ˣһΪ˵ǾǺʤԣ  ˹ˣҹôȻôͻȻ  㡭
ŵö˵ˣһʵԼоܲ˰
Ͻ£峯ŭһ
⡭
кǲʣǿӣ֪Լܴˡ
Ȼвʣǿǽɱ˰Ŀ⣬ҲԼĶӸԼˣ
裡
巵Уֱܴ裡  ô룬ԶĿˣȻ֪ʲôˣǾ֮ˣ  ˣ˼ҷַӾܹһʲôһ˲䣡
ûоԼѾǻˣ  ӣǡҹܽŲ빫ӡ
أ
Զֱһţϣֱӱһ߷ɳȥüԶ
ܽŲҸ㣬ԭĻҿлˣ
ԶʵԼûôǸղǾȻҶַ˲  ǲҪԼҲȷ  Ҫһ̬󣬾峤˼ҸǰҲ㲻ʲôһԶ֪
˻
˶һ֮ǰЩ˵мֱͲ˿⵽ʲô
巿屻ǽһңҲǹһ˼ڿˮŵò  ˣ
б̾һû뵽Ȼ˱Ҫţ  Ҵˣ𷣣
屻Զһ߷֮ûκεֱͣӹ׵ĸǰ  壬ȻԶ֪߲֣ˣ
ôˣԶȻ壬Ͻлл
лллл
ŭ죬ŭ̲ǶԶģǶ巵ģ  Ҫ˵˵Ķˣ
ԶԺҲڻʼֿЩˡ
ǣӣ̵
巿壬Ȼֿ˿ԶӣԲҡҲ֪
¡  վһŴ巵ĶϣֱӱɷɳȥüԶȻͣ
Ҹ巣ǵɷݸϽҽȻʼ֣֮ǰҿǳʺ͹ɷת飬ǿɾͲҪ岻ˣ
ҡ
巻Ҫ˵Ŀ֮ҲȻֹ
һԵѾɵˣû뵽úõһУȻӣ  
Ҳ֪ţԾ˹ˣ
ں飬Ҳõȸ˵  һ£ԭЩѾʧ·ֹһ㣡
ǾɽׯĹԭҲ׼ĳŻ֮ʣȴǱԶŭһ  ǰɣԶŹ
ӣ֪ˣ֪ˣ͵Ǹƨ
ôҲû뵽ţˣ˼Щ˵ǰǸһ㣡  Ȼ֪˵˭֪ţ̫ţˣ  ŵҪܣȴһεı˸ˣкµĹҲǲΡΡ˵
֪ɽׯǮ
ԶûйڸһСô  ӣҪ򣿣Ҫۡ
нп಻ʱﻹҳ߼۰ܹѾǷǳˡ
ԼĶȻˡԶһԵ֣˵˵
ǡǾʮڣ
Ǹưʮʵļ۰Ҫ֪гۿʮڰ  ΢΢һЦϰ嵹ͦʵڵģ۸Ǻܹ˵Ļǲ˰ɣ
˸ղŵķ粨֮ĹɽׯѾˣ
ŹַɱһߣԶҲЦ  һԵΰ˿Ŀɿڴǰһǻ⼸Ҫùء
һ룬ͻ䣡  ˵ģݣ𺳵ΰˡ




1238±ڱеΰ
 

ɽׯ
ΰսսվԭֵİ칫棬˿칫Ѿˣ
һԵļ˸Ǹ߸ϵ
ȻĿǰʶˣ˿ȥݻмŵǸˡ
Ǹ˵˭ΰɫһĽţ
ԶΰܰɽׯǴ죬Ժ󲻻Ӫҵˣ
ӣǲ֪µ˼ǡ
ΰҲһʧ䣬ԭԶ˴ȫʤΪҪ˼Ҽɽׯء
ɽׯǷǳϤģ˼ѾӪҵˣô߹أ
ΰͲǺܴҲʮ߰ѣ
˵һ֮  Ķ˹ĻôǼҵȻǣɸ浵ζҪ½ܶࡣ
Ҫ֪һһ²һʱܹ⣡  ΰԶµһ̣ҲһЩġ
ԶĻĻ뼸Ѿˣ
ԶЦŵأǿƷǲӦҵ״̬ɣ
⡭ǰɡ
ΰЦһȷҵ״̬ԭְˣѾ¸ˡ
Զ˽־ɽׯԭΪµģûϣˣ
ɽׯԺ󲻶Ӫҵˣ
ԶЦŵܣطǲܴˣҪȻҸ㻻ط
ط
ΰһͷˮĿԶҲ¶һ˿֮ɫ  ԶЦŵǰطʼּűСŪģ塭
ӣԸ
ﻹʲôԹ԰ⲻܳͷѾǼõˡ
Զ已ȱӦûɣ
ûûУӣҸղŻ˵ţҪȻܹԣСҲǼ˵
ǣһﵹͦµġԶ¶һ˿Цݡ
ΰˣ  ʼּܲã
붼һλð˵ɽׯʵνĸܸҲֵǮ
Ͼɽׯһʮױѣ׬ĲǸؼǡ
ɽׯʵÿҲ׬ѣǲ׬ǮĿ  ΰҪ˵ҲǷǳĹʣȥҪӦƸһЩõľƵĸܼûϷġ
Զһ仰ȻҪʼּųΪܲã
ʼּʲôжȨΰʵ̫ˡ
ΰԶӣҡܹ
һԵЦŵֻҪƷû⣬˵ӦҲûİɣǺǣʼּŵȷһҵ²ߵλ󣿡
ʮɡΰɵռܲҲ˲ˣ
Ǻǣ֪ʲôְ𣿡׿ΰʵ
⡭Ҳ֪ΰεҡҡͷȥ°
ЦŵһȻʼּŻļŵܲá

ΰЩԾĿռܲ
һԵҲ΢΢һЦκ鶼ҪһḶ́ϣʼܹԼĸ
ԶҲЦŵֶٶȻô˵ˣܾͲҪƴ˰ɣ
лλܣлλܣΰһúøɣλҵĺ񰮣һ棬ŬԼıְΰ
𣬲Ҳҡ̰ڰֵ
֮ǰܹǳǳ⣬ΰԶԶģɲˣ  ʼּŵܲþ˲Ϣ֮䶨׵ϼܲõ飡  ˵ʵܲõλܹʤεҲ٣Լŵ˰ɣ  ˵ˣ׻úúÿһ飡  µĵ֮ҪһHKߵ⣬ֻеȻȥ֮˵ˡ
֮
˼ӽϵHKĿǰܱߵܵ˽ڷ籩ӰǷǳľҵġ
һҵʱ䣬һʱ徭ûƺѾЩ̫ȶˡ
ָ硭
˼˾ɽׯ׸˼ᡢԶˣ  ֶû뵽ٶҲ˽Զ΢΢һЦ
˼ЦŵҸָʶһˣԺλհ
һһ
ԶҲ̵ͷ׵ܲ
˼˵һҼŸϹأҪһԭΪյһϢ
ʲôϢ׿Ż˼ʵ
˼ݿɿϢHKн¬ǰʽڳӦ׼Ҫˡǰٷ֮ٵȷ
٣ˣ
׵͸һɱ͸һЦЦ




1239
 

ڶ磬HKţ
ͷܶвȣܶ˶Ǳ߹š
ںܶ˵еѾǽҶѹ档
HKİ칫ң
˿̣һǱصĿ׼ĹС
ܲãпӵʱ䣡
һ˰칫ҵϰ棬ԱһŮ˶˵
ӿȥʮ£ŨüۣȥȻ
HKŵܲøϣ
ոո۸ǱѾǴ˵绰Ҫ֤еİȫȶ
ΪʵʸˣҲһΣ
ܹ֤ȫأ
Щʽڳһ룬ʱHKкпܾͻһϵеĶ
ϿԼǰļˣλӦѾ֪˰ɣ
ܲãϢԴɿɿҿкһĶûа
һջƵĸܲÿŸЩʵ
ϣյϢ˵ԭڹʻгϷˮЩڳѾȻĽHK
HKУѾΪǵĿ꣡  ϳôѨδҪõľάHKеȶάHKõȶ
ܲã⡭Щǿ˰ɣǲǹһЩڳǴǮʱǿֻܹ̾ɡ
ƸܲÿŸ΢΢ҡͷȻûκεģ
ǰܲãǿƿصʽҲңֱǱˮн
ܲãĿǰϵ˼֤ȯ˾Ƕҳͷ
ǰĽĻǿӶס
֪ǵĿļֻƱˡ
һԵļҲһΣȻǸƸܲõ뷨Ϊƣ
ϳסҲҪһб̣Ӧ֪ʲôģ۸Ǳȫĳʽ𡭡
ȫʽ𣿰۸ҲװƸܲ΢΢ҡͷʵԭǶû뵽ΣϯHKû뵽ڳҾȻHKĵΪ
벻ǲڣӦÿ˰ɣTXɷݺJYɷֻصעĶ󣡣ֻҪܹסȻҲʲô⣡
Ҳǳ
ˡ
һԵģŮ쳣أ  Ļлϳ
˲䣬ǶĴĻѾл˹нͼˣ  ףûʲôһƸܲ¶һ˿ЦݿŸϵ
ҲüͷϢԴӦǱȽϵĿɿİôأ
ЩӦòɣҪ֪HKɲǺ۸ģ˵ǵ۷ʵӦĿ겻HK
ƸܲóȻҲû뵽һ
ܲã⡭
һλܲõɫһ˵ɴ۾Ļ
˵ܰʲôⰡⲻһƸܲÿԵܸܲ΢΢һЦʵ
ǿָ̡ܸܲŴ̵̵ļ۸񡭡
ɶǹȻˣ
һڷǣӵʱ䣬Ѿ˰ٷһң  ܲãһ˴̵ָȻ۵ĻЩɢҪ֮˰
ܸܲɫдһ˿Ļңֶʵ˵ٺһ  һԵĻƸܲõô̵ʱôܰѴһ㣿Ҫʲô
գ
ŭһ˵ĵҲ̫һ㣡  ʵǹƱгϵһ˵ʵպܼ򵥣Ʊ۸ǴƱ
ȹƱļ۸һ߶֮ǰո߼ˣ
Ȼȵͼ۵ʱ룬ʵܹشHKУ
ΪʵΥģ˵ﻹзɶ֣  ǾͶΪֶܹ׬ȡǳ
HKյĻûǮǾԲܵġ
Щڳҵĵʵʵôһ˵мʮ𣬶һЩм
ЩҪ۵սӴHKУһ
ڲͬ˰ˣǼʮڼڵļܹγһӴ֣  ̵ģ֮ǰڹʻг̩ʱѾ׬˺ܶܶǮˣеֽƸܲó
֮ǰи˵ӦǧԵ䣡ܸܲó
ʲôǧ𣿡Ҳ𾪵Ŀ˿ܸܲã۾ɵͭһ㣡  ȻҲԸţܲãʵӦþˣֵ׼ȷҾӦҲûɣܸܲԼ
ϳ֪ڹһЩѣܸܲã֪һε˭ͷ𣿡




1240Ļ
 

ܲãİĿ׼HKĻ½һѣͷǸҲ˵λӦҲԲµó˰ɣ
ܸܲÿŸĨһ˿ľ֮ɫ
ϵ˻һۣĺ֮зһ  ӻ˹ɣ
ϿܸܲóʵλѪͷӵĻһHKľΣˣ  ûĻ־һζǵĽΣʵϾ̩µһȫΣ
ܸܲ΢΢һ̾ȻҲˣʵôĲпᣡ
ʲôȻ˹һǽгĳ氡
˹ĻôԿ
еֽ࣬һѾƿųǧ⡭Ҳ̫˰
ǰʵ̫ˣҪĻǸ۸ֿҲ
µһ̾Ϣ֮˵ʲôϢӵأ
˹  ˵Ӱ
һˣȦ棬ǶһֲĴڰ  ϳǽҪٵһӲ̰
ܲãӦ˵ǺʤӲ̣Ҫ˹ĻĿǰＯڣģƸܲó
ҲҪȫǵı˭ǵı۸HKУǵУϳ
ܲãǲǽ̱۸ʱɸ۸׻ƳأǱ
ܸܲʵ뵽ˣ⿿۸֧Ǹ˹ĶԿ
ǧ  Ǹ۸֣ܹóѾǶˣⲻ൱ڱ˵İ˷֮һ
ʲôã˵ʲôöûеģ
ȥһЩãò  ˹Ŀ׼ݣǿHKжʱҲͼ졣
Ǯﳤȥ֮˭ܹƵסǣ  ʱ䡢Ǯ
ΪؼĶܹڶ̶̵ʱڴܶܶǮĻֻеķˣ
Ͽ˵Ȼ㱨ڣ
ܲãĻ˰˹ַѲ˽𣿡ܸܲüæȥĻǿɾҩɾ˰
̾һѾǴϢڳʽ𣬵Ѿһ֣
ٰܲãܸܲóʵ
İ𣡣
̾һʵڼеʮո˶ԿʱҲôһ㡣
İôȶסأûϣûϣܸܲó
һԵĻƸܲõûϣҲܹܣ֪ɽлҲƫɽа
ܲããһԵǸŮһֱǶŹпȻ
ʲôһʵ̫ˣϷŭһӵ
TXɷݺJYɷݣ  һڶĹƱȻȫͣ  ̶̵ʮӵʱ䣬ԭ˰ٷ֮һң˲ΪۣԭĴָһӵȥ
µ˰ٷ֮һˣһڳµƸܲó
TXɷݺJYɷȫͣĿǰѾнֻƱ̵ͣƻڼܸܲó
ȿסֻƱ۵ȫϳ
ȫܲãôǮ֮ǰTXɷݽڵĹƱǸߣһȫ۳ûʵԵһԵJYƱֻƱܽһǧڣһ¾ǿһ𰡣
ܸܲ΢΢ҡͷʱֱ  ôǮҪסƸǲܣ
һλܹԵҪôµĻǳԲˡ
ڳ˹ͣУûκİ취˰ƸܲÿŸϳ
ϻƣ˵ʲôأرչУܹ𣿡΢΢ҡͷ
رչǾѡйͣ˵ٺһһɿֻţжҪ̰
ܸܲȻڻƸܲ뷨֮ԱǣʱͣУǸܣ
ҪĹͣˣHKԺͻǹЦˣ  ףڴĳԽTXɷݺJYɷݣǸ鿴ݵı仯
⡭ӦTXɷݺJYɷԼڳԽԼĹƱΪľȶǵĹƱ۸񣡡ϳ
ܲãTXɷݶ³ơJYɷݶ³ֺ˵һ͵ߡ
⣬һ˳˽ĳŸϵ˵
Ѿס˰Ҳã⿿ǵЩΪ̰̾һ




1241еµ
 

HK㣡  ƺֺ˵ִʱǵҲһļ尾
ʵҲǳԲ˯ãгʲô⣡  겻HKˣҲǸϵHKȶԭòûʲô·ˡ
Ǿڽ磬еĶһƣ
ҲˣֺһҲǰֵ
פ㣬ƿֺû뵽ǾȻ뵽һȥˡ
ûа취鵽زѾܹƵˡֻпܲܲ취
һ죬ʧأڹͷѪһӾʹ˰ڵʲǿɺޣŭһ
ֺʱǲܹˣֻܹø۸ַһҲ֪Ҫ죬ҪĻصĻǵʧǿɾʹ˰
Ҿý߲ӲģҿɶHKĶһǱ̣ζHKеı̣ⲻԸ⿴İɣ
Ƴ뷨ȷģ  Ѱǵĵ̫ôǮأֺ΢΢ҡͷ
ƿֺѲ֪Ѿʼˣ
ҵȻ֪Ѿ˿ʼˣJYɷݱյĹƱȫһصʱȥˣӦþǽ۸ɣֺ
ֻҪôһŪӦþͻ֪Ѷ˰ɣ̾һ
ΣǺǣôأѲΪ۸ǱǵĲֲǲ֪ôǮǵϰ
ֺ΢΢ҡͷһθ۸ĳ֡
һزͦȥȥʲô˵ɣЩڵ绰˵㰡
ƿֺ㣬˲гŶĵ˹ȥ
ϵİ칫ң
ʵɵĴйҲ¶һ˿Ц˰
˵ܲðٲĻǿɶҪ̸˰ƿŸҲǰֵ
һԵĻƸܲЦŵǾͲҪ˰ǵʵǿҪǵĻǽĹйƾҪˡ
ЩӦʵ˵ǻҪлְܲҪǽ۵ĹƱعĻǹҲʧذ
ֺ㿴ŸϺͻƸܲõҲЦŵ
ʵϣ˻عƱȶгĻHKлTXɷݺJYɷݣһ֣֮
ţǻعǵĹƱûаɻĿ˿ȻʵԼֻعԼĹƱ𣿡
Լ𣿡ƺֺҲǲĿ˿Էʵ
ǻǻῪЦܹõóôǮҸǣĿǰҲֻʮ𣬸û۵Ĺɷݰ
΢΢ҡͷҲһɻΪǶԷھԼյĽȻûг֣
ܲã˼һβǳֵģ𾪵ĿŸʵ
ԲǣҲܴģοӦҲ֪ǵʵûκεĿԳǵĹɷݰ
Ͽƺֺ΢΢һ̾
Ǹоˣ⵽ôһ°  Ǿа˰Ѳɻеڰǣⲻܰ
Ƴ
ѲԼϷΪǸõձ˳֣Ӷ׬ȡۣ
ֺԼ뷨Ҳ˵˳ΪûиõĽˡ
ɫһ⡭Ӧò̫ܰɣĻǵĿʲôأ
⡭⻹ûа취ͣɼ۵ǲΪɼ۰Ƴʵ
ⲻ̫ܰɣ˵ĻǵЩƱӦûµȫڵȼڳ֣ڳ־ԲǺʱ
һԵܸܲҲǳרҵ֮һˡ
Ҳǵͷܸͬܲõ˵Ҳǲܵ飡
ˣ֪ʲô˷˰ϣܹץһƷŭ˵
Ӧӻ˹Ϊ׵һˡܸܲó
ӻ˹Ȼ
ֺɫһ䣬ƺЩ΢΢ˡ
һοHKҪش˰˹֮ƺЩɥʧ˶־һ㡣
λܣЩ˲ŸոտʼֻĹˣʵǲȶܹȶס̵Ļ˿Ҳ֪ѶˣƵ˵




1242Ԥȡ֮֮
 

ɽׯ  ׺ͻ˼Զỹ˿棡  ǸеĽף  Ȼߣ׽ľоǷǳ͸ġ
Ȼ׽˵û̫ȤһĻһ˿С  棡
׽磬Ҳ׹˵ģ
ֶѾķԸTXɷݺJYɷݱ۵ĹƱȫŪˣῴ΢΢һЦ
׿˵Ŀǰжٵʽ𣿡
ѾסӦвһǧĿǰǵʽӦҲ̫ˣƻиңʼ
˹ǱߵʽӦǧңЩ̫һЩЦŵ
ָ磬һӦҲоֵģ߹Ʊʱ۹Ʊʵϣ˽̣ģĽҲ벻ɣ
˼ҲЦŵ
ھͿ˭ŵסˣҹǺпܻôһְɣЦŵΪǷȱĻʽ𰡣
ʽǡǸֶҪʵڲеĻ취ӦûԳһЩԶһԵ
ҲǵͷʮӦûʲôģЩˮн
˼ҲǵѾһǧٶڣû뵽˾Ȼǻ࣬ţ
Լ취ɣԭҲΪһǧӦǹˣڿƺǲҲ΢΢ҡͷ
ǵ취Ǳ׵ǮаһζķؾԲǰ취Ҳǳ
ǰֶһζķ׬ǮĻǣȻǽ̣ûһγ׵ĻᣬǵǮҲ׬˰ԶҲƵ˵
ʵþܹ֪һֻƱ֪ĻǾͺðˣҲôıˡῴ׳
֪ʵҪ֪ǵĵƺףٺ٣ڲǸѣϻǻԼһèȨǵУǿɵׯˣ
׿˳
ׯʲô˼˿ʵ
տ϶編ƣɼȻ׼׬ۣǾͷ֮׳
֮ԶƺЩ⣬һԵһЦֶ¿Ҳֻһ˸ô˰
ȻˣȻкֺͱϵģʵǵǮֻҪˣĻHKĹ֮Уδ̵ȶ϶һܺõõģΪĿTXɷݺJYɷݣ׿ʵ
ѡѵǡһ׵Ļ̷Ӧˡ
Ѿ֪ˣĿǸԪһַTXɷݺJYɷݲǵ۷ѡ׳
ǡԪղֵĻôԤǣгƱгڻгҪǸ۸㴢ܹϣǡ
ϷǳѿյĿĻôһжǾͽ  ٺ٣ǾǵȴŹµָͷܹӦûڹջȳ²ֵֶΣHKǱҲһӦĹᣬʶʶˣʵ
ҵȻʶ˰Ǻǣǵܲøҵѣֶôúõˣ
ʵ
׿ǵѶĸߣҪнϵĻͲһˡ
ֶ˼ȥʵ
ȻǣȥҲû̫ãֻϣǳѹƹɼ۵ʱܹϬƲһ¡
¶һ˿Цݵ
ʲôأа취ĻҲڱŪڹ֮˰ɣ
Ȼ֪ʵ
ҡҡͷǵĿΪסǰ˵ʽҪɼֻۣн͹ɼˣ
˶ˣʵϾӦϣǰһǮȫHKǰɣܵĻôʱʧҲǻǳĲذЦŵ
һţеԤȡ֮֮ҲǸһͷȴ绰ＯһЩǮʱ
ţ༸ҲǺõİϾһЩʤʹһЩͷ
ǿ׾ǽǮһҲѽ赽٣Ȼ׽Ӧøǳɣ  ״˸绰Ҫ˵ǮĻһʱ뵽Ҳ
ֶ㶨ˣ
˿ЦеĹ˵绰ҲһĳԾʹһ绰ͽˣ  ӳ
ЦŵţӦһͻϢˣ
ʱĵ绰Ѿˣϵ˺ܶҲţֱӸ׳Ｏǧ
ȻˣҲǽüѣջҪȥġ
ǧ׵ĻӦþͻɺܶˣٿ˵ƾˡ
һӳＯôʽԶ˶Ǿˡ
һ뵽׵ݣƺЩȻˣǮڵ˵κε




1243˹ĵ
 

HKĳڣ  ȥۣĳڣȴסһܶŷɥĹʽڹͷ˹  ˹⣬źܶĽս
ѾǳΪ˽̿һĵͣȻˣǷ̲ģ  ˹̫˰
һһ͡˿˹˴ĴָЩ˰еǮ˹ٿأ  ЩѾˣ  ̩ڣڹʽг绽꣬һѾ׬ǧ  ʲôô̵ʱڣѾǽԼʲͳͳķһ  ˹ҡҡͷʵҲλԸԪ
˵˹Ǻˣ
һߣһӿ˹΢΢һЦпأҲעĽڹͷ֮һ
Ҫ֪ܹ˹ƽƽˣЩȻźʱģ
ˣûһǵڰģԻԾڹʱгΪȤ
ܹ˵أҪܵľԼ׬˶ٵǮ
صĻ˹һҡͷ̾һ£˹Ầ£˴ͷˣֻڷȰǶѣHKɲǰHK˰HKǿ׻Ĳ
׻ƣǺǣʵ֮ǰǽҪȥ׻һµģҹӦҲͬ⡭غٺһЦ
˵ˣ׻ƣʱԼ֪Լôİɡ˹ſ˵
׻ô˼ʲô  һҪ׻ƳֵĻ˹ҲҪâģеʽԽԽࡣ
۵飬ɲôɣ
˹Ƕ׬ôǮˣʲôغٺһЦ
һԵ͡ҲЦŵǰ˹Ƕ׬ôǮˣǸʲôأ
ǲ֪ԪȶԱԱȽϵǿһ׻ƳֵĻǵ㴢Ͳ⣬ʱܹĵùˣ˹ʵ
ǿ߰˵ˣHK߷ӦĻˣЦŵ
Ѳûз֣˼ƺѾ˹
ôܣҪжĻǻô˳͡ҡҡͷʾ˹Ļ
˹̾һʵҲûи㶮ͻȻֵһʽ𵽵ʲô˵ģ  ǵ˼ǣ컹ˣ˹ʵ
ԪҪʱ䣬ȻҪHK׬׬Ǯ˰Ϊı̼ӼؿЦ˼
͡ҲǺٺһЦǰ˹һǸӶԲٵģİɣҸǼһ£ϣһѴġ
ʲôǲǮȫѹɣ˹һ㶵
ߵĵѵɵ˰ôĻҲûκεİ취  ʵ˹û̫ʽһԪûжģ
ŵľӵʽ𣬶׬ȡǵӶ𣬷Ѿڲ֮ˡ
ǸȰǵȰҪˣȻ𣬿ͳˣ
˹ɲԼĲطˣ
Ȼˣ˹HKСЩǮѾ൱̵֮һˣȫлƴ̣͡ŵ˵
Ѳûзڲϵ֮ǰ۵ĹƱ𣿡˹
ٺ٣ҲǴ֪ҪһεɼۣӦᷢһʲưɣس
Ҿè壬Ǽλ˼У嶯ħ˹
˹ǲˡļֻƱѾѡˣȫ룬ɼۡغٺһЦ
͡˹˹ĽһͬĽĳĻǾԲӶ½ġ
ðɣȻǼֵĻҾͰǵȥɡһҪһ£ȻǮĺܿ죬ͬҲܸߡǵһΣ˼ҲӦɾ˵˰
˹֪һһٿعеĻôһչƱԼеĹƱסĻǿǿɾͱˣ  ֻǰƺѾѬģ˵ʲô¶ȥˣ  Ȼˣ˹ҲֻĴ㣬ʵԼҲ֪HKҪһˣ
ſص˻ٱҲǼ뵽ǵף֮С
ʵϣһεĶ֮УҲ׬ĿڴĹĵģ
߾˶Ѿ۷ˣھ뿪Ļôǳɹġ
ʱ׬ǮѾ׬ۣ˭ԸĻأ




1244Ӧ
 

ڶһ磬HK
쵽ô°ôͻȻ̱Ȼ󱩵
˭֪˵HKĹаҲ֪ļٵģ
ⲻ̫ܰɣ˭ĵô󰡣˵ǽǲ򰡣
Ȼ˰ȹɣʧذ
һ˸Ǳ۷׷ף˭Ҳ׳ˣ  뿪̻мӵʱ䣬˼ڹҪ쵽ôŪ
֮󣬿̣
һĻϾ͹Ž׼¼ȴûǰıǣ  Ҳ΢΢һ㣡  ϾTXɷݺJYɷݣɷݶHKž޴Ӱ
ǽ˳ֵĶһЩȥЩ΢Сɷݣ  ǵֻҪһҲ׬ȡٰٷ֮ϵ󰡣
еǮʮֵӴ󣬼ǰٷ֮Ҳǰʮ𰡣  ̶̵ļ֮ھ׬ȡʮǮƺҲ̫ˡ
HK㣡  ϵ˿Ųϵ룬ҲЩ죡  ܲãЩĿ̫ɢʱȵסûȥĻܸܲó
һԵĻƸܲҲǳǰȥĻǱȻġڲŹȥʮӣѾʼˡ
ĵ绰ôϳʵ
עԪı仯ѲһǸԪǵľƺ˹֮аƸܲó
һԵܸܲõпܵģǰעǣ˹֮УʵһһĻʱǸӵı
ߣǵĿȷǸԪȷǲ֮ǰھǱѾϢˣʱڴĽԪϳ
עһĽеʽȫѹ˹氡ȻǷɢ˼ֻƱΪܻȻԲ鿴ĳ򡭡Ƹܲó
ǰҲĵطΪʲôҪʽȫѹ뵽أϳʵ
һѸǣʱпɾͿ˰ǻǸϽ취ɣȥ̫Σ˰
ƸܲҲƵ˵ʵѾûκεİ취ˡ
ϳǳֻ֣ܹʱȶסѣҲûа취ˣǱҪͷųһԵźţֻܹάһ´̵ȶ
ܸܲ̾һܲãҲֻܹ¡ˣûйЩֲãǻһЩһ죬Ȼڵķǵʱ򡭡
Ƕȴûа취ǡϵɫһĿдһ˿ĺ
ܲãа취ˣƸܲÿŸϳʵ
ܸܲõܲãҪ׳ʿɣĻǿ˵һǧ˰ٰ
Ϊֻܹܹһˣ˹Ǳߵʵ̫ǿֻһЩֶԸˣϳ
ĿǰľHKشȻʽѹ̻һ㡭ܸܲõ
΢΢ҡͷϸ룬ʵûжôǵһϢѾӰ쵽˰
ʮ֮󣬴ٶƺʼı仯  ˵ɫʮֵأ
һ̽Ƿٷ֮ĻôǵʧȻǲޱȵġ
ʧܽѵ֮Щ˿ŸĹƱҲǸһ  ףƺڻ䣿⡭ôأ
ǰⵥ̾Ȼʼ½ˣ氡ǰ˳Ѿǳǧˣ
ǿ쿴TXɷݺJYɷݱۣӦֻˣ
Ȼǣѵعǰ˳ˣ
һ󼤶֮ɫȻһ̿ʼ䣬˵һϢ
ڵĸϵϣܹһ㣬ǾܹסЩʽ𣡣
ƵǲòԼնԼ  ܲãûᰡȻ֪˵˭ڱҪֵúһεĻᰡ
ܸܲÿŴ̲ϵµҲǼ˵
˲Ϣ䣬һ˹˿ס˾ƣʱɾûлˣ
ԥ˼ܸ֮ܲõ˵ý͸¶˵ѾһεĽڷ籩
ܲãгɾ͡Ƹܲһϳ
Ͽ˵ϢǽϢȽĽ׽֮󣬵ʱȻݵ˵ĲԵһҪHKʧأ֪HKǺǵġ
һHKеϢý¶HKƿؾ棬һʱѾЩֱĸо
ûκԼпɶþ
˭Ҳ֪ʵ׵ӦϵļƲߣҪ˹ò뿪ˡ




1245½ڳǵѡ
 

HKĳڣ
غ͡ǱеľźƱţ  һ磬HKп֮ʣ˹ָԼһ£ʼк绽꣡
ܹ򵽵ĹƱǶһŲõ  ǵĿֻһƶHKд̼ȵǺʵļλʱǻͻȻۣ  ȵɼһµʱ編ƣ
һĻܹڶʱھۼĲƸ׬ǮҲôһˡ
Щʱݷô꣬Ϊľһ̲
˹ʲôˣ
͡HKָǵٶȲûеЩƵʵ
˹Ķ濴Ϊ̵ͻȻǺͱܶڴһԥĽ׶ΣԴһǣ
Ӵȹ򣡣
һԵĿغٺһЦ֪޷赲ƣ
ֻҪܹסĻٹһСʱʱ䣬ָٶȾܹﵽԤڵЧˡ
͡΢΢һЦ˵ĶԣӴȣ
˹һԳȵ˵һҪ˰
ʲôǵʽôأܶ˶ǳֳ˹̬ƣҪɵʲôǺ׵ģ
زǸɵӣǶԼһ־ԵΣ
һбǱǲִӦսһڵʱ䣬̾ҪͿԲġ
˹ǸоЩһ˰нTXɷݺJYɷ֮Ѿһŵǵӣ
ֻпɺϣ㲻ɺϣǿʽҲԿԴӦԣ
˵ˣǿغ͡Ϊ׵ʱԼġ
һβûвУʧˣʵ˹Ҳû̫Ĺϵ
Ȼ翴һεߣʵϿغ͡ЩʵԶԶҪ
˹ԭΪԼԿЩˣ˽Ӵ֮ŷ֣  ʵڿǱƺ쳣ӴӴЩ˹ȴĵز
ʵϣ׵Ҳ֪⿨غͨͨ͡׽֮ˡ
⿨غ͡ļ壬÷¡ЩƣһЩ÷¡廹Ҫǿ
ͬʹһ壬ޱȣΪԽһŪڹ֮У
˹ʼλȻѾˣȻӼλķԸ
˹㲻Ҫʲô̫ĸԸʵǺ׵ġ͡Ʊ΢΢һЦ
ʮ֮󣡣
˹üͷȻЩTXɷݺJYɷݡ
۾۰ɣ㵣ʲôˡ΢΢һЦ
һԵ͡ҲǵǰTXɷݺJYɷHKΪǿɷݣһTXɷݺJYɷݵĹƱʱ̵ﲻڱ𣿡
ɡǵʽѾˡ
˹Ҳ֪͡˵ǺеģǸղǼ̵ʱڻеĻ  ǧ𣬼ͬʱHKУ
ǵȴŵľǴ̵ֻٶʵ̫ˣԼЩܲˡ
ͻȻTXɷݺJYɷݽ֮ǰЩƱȫ۳˹ҲЩɫɷף
֪ζʲôⲻζHKҪдȵˮ  ֻƱ˵һ꣡  ˣ˹ոմڶʮ֮˰ٷ֮ģѾ뿪֮ǰ½˰ٷ֮ˣ
һֿ˹ֻʵĻ㱨
̶̼֮ڣô˽ٷ֮ˣ˹дһ˿
˭ҲϣԼǰɣ  Ȼ֮ǰⷽĵǣȵٵʱвζ  ˹ôûǮأ͡Ǳ취ֻƱԽȥۿǰһе
͡ſصǵʽô࣬ȥǱߵʽĻʱ֮ڸûκεĿ԰
shit!!̲ס˴ֿڵ˹ô죿
ְ취һ־ֱ۹ɷȻ뿪һ־ǼӴͶ룡
˹ֽ֪гĲɱǶ̶̵һ˲飡
˹Ѿưٷ֮һûȵĴʩĻǵʧԹġ
һλֳǼöˣ
Ͼܹ˹ֵˣЩһҵĶ  ˹˵λʱֵˣʲôĻϣλ
ؿ͡͡Ϊأ
ҾϵĹɷݵĻʱ̹ƾͿˣǵʧСġҾǽгϵʽȻTXɷݺJYɷݱȽϺá͡
ߣ׻ƵǣȻҪǹȥĻͳǵɣ͡ҾĽǳĲ
ҲЦһиκεĶ֡
ҵţ˹HKĹ桭
׼ɵʲôʱ˹ææĳŴĻķ˹ȥ




1246ĵ
 

ã
˹һĹ֮˶һ  ͺΪһ㣬һ˵ĻԤһп¶֪Ҫʲôӣ  ˹⡭HKԾĹô
͡ЩŭĿԲĿǰһУֱǸǲɱ  ʧӦ֪HKеʧǵļʮֹ
ԲһԵʱ˷·ҪַǣǲǺǵĴڣ
˹Щ˷
˹Ѿٷ֮ˣĿǰչĹƱµѾٷ֮ߣ
һλֳٷ֮߰ǧһӾʧٶڰ  ŭһǶǰɣЩǮɶǴ׬ģӲҾͲǲ취У
ҵ찡ȫͣ
֮HKһƬɪȫû  ʧ٣
˹üͷЩ˼ĿǰһУ
ĿǰʧʮڣѾǵ޿ɵˣһλֳ
ӣǷӣ˹Щŭ˵
һԵ͡ڻֻѡһ־ǳˣһ־ǸǺĵף
ǸǺģǺĵ𣿺ߣҾͲܹǺĵ𣡣
Щšͣһֱ˳˳ˮѾĿһУ  һʧڣܲŭ  ЩʱľһҲˣ  HKиǺȫĲģ  ȥĻԺôѴ̵ָ
͡Ҳǵͷ˹Ҿÿ˵ûдģHKҪǺģǸܺĵĹǵģ
˵֪ǵʵ̫ˣ˵һǧ˰٣κһҶûѲǻнİ취ǲ˼ɣ
˹еɻǳأҪһλзǳԵ鷢
ȻHKı׻Ϊ֧ţ׻Ҳö֮óڳаɣ
˹ľ飬׻ԼĹжҲû˵
Υгɵʵϲõͬ  
˹ûпԣ׻Ƶĵʵ̫ˣǼǧڵʽȥʵҲӰ̫ĸ֣
HKһ׻ƼȻֱܳôֻԼĻôأ  ˹֣ΪûκεϢԴ֤HKк֣
ǽHKУҲʱľ֮ǰǻ׼ȥ֮ؿûлأ
ԣ˹Լʱģôó׼أ
һпȥʱ飬HKӦǱκĵİɣ
ؿ˹ŭһ˹һͲˣλԼɣǾĵˣ
أǿһսֵܣǵ·˰Ȼģ͡
˹ʱгתˣĺûκεɣһٴԼĽǶʵѾʧˣ
ʧˣʧܣҿɲܸ׻СѾˣҿɲHKܺĶá
Цһٹһ죬HK϶ͦסˡ
ΪǸû̳ʱǳߣHKпҲһ겻  HKõӰ죬Ǿ޷ģ  סУ
Ӧǽ۸Ҫ飬ΨһҪľǵȴ  ȴĵĻٿ֧һڵʱ䣬HK֧ŵõĵ  ˹ſؽڷӣҲֻ΢΢һ̾  ȻҲHKԲʱ⣡  ʵϣǽʧܣģ  HKȻ͹˿صľģȻͬʱҲ߹˿ص侲
ҪһĽڳңһʱ϶ǳߣ  ȴ֮  ھͿ˭ȳŲסˣ˹ȻHKȳŲסĿԷǳ󣬿HKǿ׻ư
ʱʲô黹ǲ˵
ſ˷ӣ˹Ҳ΢΢ʼȻѾҾ˵˵ҵɣţHK߳ŲסĿԴǰٷ֮ʮϣǱ׻Ƴָ֣̫Сˣ
ٷ֮ʮǰٷ֮ʮҶҪһٷ֮ʮѾӮ֮ˣ
ЦһԵļҲ΢΢һЦƺǸſԼѡ񣡣




1247¿˵
 

HKһƬҰ  ˶һĵǣҪôȥĻHKҪ̵Ľ࣡
ʵʱ䣬ܶѾԼĹƱ
Ժܶ˶ǴһĽ׶ΣΪùĿ¾֤ȯ˾֮Ļˣ  ûа취ߣֻܹӲţ
Ȼˣй˾ЩɶҲһƲѣ  Ĺ֮HKɢǴһ̬ȣ
˭ʱĽУ
Ҫ֪ͽ죬ûһֻƱǵģڽȥɾΪ  ֹ죡
ǵͣ״̴̬֮ǰİǧ㣬ֻǧٵң
½ķʵЩˣ
ǧĿǰHK˵һٽ㣬һǧԺҪǼǲ̫ܵ飡  HK  ϵǱ߽ĵȴŽھֵĸĵ
ΪHKڷĸˣҲǼЩͷˡ
ʱ䣡  HKнһڣССıֽڱһϵе飡
ִŶУHKкǰʽڳƺѾîˣ  ⼸ǳ֮ǰһ֮󣬼ûκεĹ֣  HK߲ûжȻû֧һ·µƿ϶Ҫġ
֪ϵ׸ʲô
ҪȥĻȳŲסĿ¾Լˡ
Σˡ
һߣӭȥ˵ֱ˾  ϵվڻҵǰҲЩŭĿŸϵ˵ܲã⽻ϻ찡
Σ˵ģǡЩƵĿҪ˵
ѾǴ˸ϵĻȻܲãھҪһһ׵׵ĽΪʲôģԵ۸ԵǶԵ𼸰HK𣿡
ΣӦ֪һεΣɵģ˿HKУȻڹдҲѾǱǸˣ
ϿʵҲڵѪһֱڿᣬβ
ȥûκһ취ȥβ
֣δ绰˵취Ѿѯˣ㵽׼ôβ
ŭһԼһδָ½ҪصԭλĿԽԽˣ
һĻôHKñȻص˥ˣԺHKķչǻԵĵĴ
Ϊϵͳĸ߲㣬Ҫвжεģ  ⡭ΣʵһʼҲûдôǡЩ֪ô˵
лֱ˵㻹ҴŸʲô
ҧҧʵһָоһڸ˹Ϊ׵ĹʽڳڶԿҾӦHKҵˡ
ߣô֪飬HKЩ̻Ѿֹһεȥ۸Ҫ˵ˣ˵ҪǱжĻȥ𣿡
û˵ϷĻǹģ
ϳǰͻȻӵĽĶĵ绰ʵʱ˹ˣһ֮ǰTXɷݺJYɷݱ˹˶ǽ̵ġ
Ŷ᣿ô˵ĽҲˣҪĻԣȷ𣿡
ҪĿɲǲ²⣬Ҫһ׼ȷĽ
ûһ׼ȷĽĻô˵ôʵǰ׳Ϊ۸˿ɲĲ²⣬Ҫһȶֵķ  ⡭׼ϵȷ
Ƶĺܣʵڵ֢᲻ڴ̵Ļ䣬ֻҪзܹĻھڻһʵҲν  ǲῴһһصĵʧľǻ˹ˣһѪĽѵͬʱܹô̻صԭλã  Ʋɼãô򵥵ĵѲɸԼв  ˵ϰϣ治֪㵽ôģƾһ绰ҪHKڲ˵ˣֻΪһ˽أ
Щоգ  ҲЩƵ˵Σ˵ĵȫûа취ûκεİ취ѲĿ˹˴ӶǵĲƸҵ뷨ֻһǾǼȻҪǵùôҾһù
㡭˵Ҳԣûа취
ҲƵĿŸϣ  ˿̵оԼˣֱǰԼڻϿζʵ̫ˡ
Ρܲãˡ
⣬鿴͸˽ԭǲҪģûа취
ҲǷǳǿƣûа취ֻн㱨ˡ




1248а취
 

׻л˼HK
⼸˳׺Զ֮⣬˶ǰʵʵġ
ϾǹڽΧ˸·ߣ  ǵĳֱȻǻȻ󲨵ģʱǵ͵һȽϵĺá
ҪǱЩ߸סĻʲôҲ첻ˣ
ٶκ͸ܲõڻҵأλ΢΢һЦ
ŶνҲ𣿡ʵ
ʦأٶʱЩԣѵ
΢΢һЦû£ȥ͸ˣ
λӣҲһɵĿᣡ  ڴҶǼĸȹϵһ㣬ǾȻ߿Ц
Ǵ˼ҳģ˼Ҹûκεѹ  Ще춯ʧҲνǷǳأ˼ҿȥûһ㣡  ѲٶҲѾһľ
ڣЩأ  Щƺδȥ˵ϳƲҵ
Σþò
һȥ֮첽ǰȥȻ
ٶͻȻýΪ°
˿أҲûôõ
ѹǳĴԼоЩˡ
һԵĸϵٶҪأ
£ῴŸϵ˵ܲãϵĻǺܺõİ˹Ӧʧذɣ
˵ٶ֮ǰĵ绰ҿǸϵķǳðûа취ճˣ㿴νǰ˸Ѫͷ
ʱ򻹹˵Ҫ滹ʲôԼԼЩˣ  βһʱ䣬飬ǸԼ
ЦŵֻҪ˹˰ˣɾһݵĽHKⰡôŸܲӦǿİɣ
ҵȻⰡôʽȫӿгȥԪĻǿɸӵĵ͵סѾ֮һʱ
ʵ˵ģϾһҲûа취Ͱ  ʲô˹һҪԪļٵİһ
֮ǰT̩ѾǱ䣬һʧǧ̸TҲ֮ͨУշһεĽΣ
˹編ƵĻǵʱôֵǲ֪ء
ΣյĿɿϢѾ׼гˡֻҪǹоĲȵʱڴһʣԡ
ʵϾڸͣΪʲôЩлһֱµ  ͸ܲϵѹǵʵʵҲѧڵģôһ˵ˡ
ǵģһǧˣڼָ죬Ǿ֧Ųסˣ΢΢һЦ
ٶ˵ǿ⣡ʵǡЩƵ˵
ῴ΢΢һЦΣôˣҪǲĻֻܹĿҽг򣬶Ϊʱɼۻǳµ˼ȴʵԽԽǿ󡭡
Σٶ˵еģʵǽһʵ˵ʱһεչУǵʵֻԽԽǿ󣬶ǻͬ״̬
ϿڵҪõһֲ֧а  ٶ˵Ҳûдȴûһĺ֣֪һHKеĴָ6000£֪𣿡
6000£6000£ֻҪǰ˸סҲǿԵģٶ΢΢һЦ
˵ٶʱܹЦóļٵİǶĸȹϵһˣ
ϿʱܹЦóҲƵ˵
ΪʲôЦһ׶ǲʤ𣿲ҪһЩʱգ˹ǳ׵ĳŲסˣǲǳɹ
ῴ΢΢һЦʵΪ˰ĵġ
ͨڲҲ֪ˣҲǷǳԥ
ٲȶһ¾ĵĻʱ»֪ôء
һҪǳ̨еߵĻʱǰڵŬǰ׷ˣ
ٶ˵ĵɣHKо𣿡
Ȼ𣡣ûа취飬۸Ǳߵʽ״ʵҲǺġ˼ҵİ˷֮һﲻΪǿ𣿺ǺǣȶסƵĻʱ˼ˡ
᲻м˵Ҳ֪ûǲ룬⼸ĹҲġ
̾һ˵ٶΪ˸ǳܵİɣ
Ȼǣҿûй򣡣ǲҪ֪ôȶָа취
΢΢һЦʵһǣߴŵ˶ѡ




1249±Ļٶ
 

Ựһ˲䰲  Ҫ֪ղΪĵǴָ½֮Ļ⡣
˵ûĶĻһжǰ׳  ֻڲǽھֻĽǸû飡
Ǹ۸棬ҪڶʱŤתľҲǲܵģ  ǮǼʲ˵Ӱֻ΢΢  Ǵﵽǧ𼶱ʽפHKУ  ǮôܳʱĶطأ
Ԥǣһ˹һﳷĻһѵʱڡ
Ҫ鲻ĵزĻҲ˵Ľˡ
ٶа취
дŵľǲţʲô취ھֵĸˣڶûκεİ취
ʵֻҪһҵΪפHKеĻôڴ̵ȶȻž޴Ӱġ
ῴż˳ǵİ취Ҳǵĵ
֮ǰһֱΪϻױƷҪ׼ڽеģ˼ҺȻתͷHKС
£ȶHKľŲɹõİ  Ҫ֪ڵϻױƷֵѾǴﵽڼһֵ֮ǳɱǴﵽ඼ûпܵģ  ֻһԵǳƣȷһݾȥôҵ  HKеĴҵأѾֲǲ֪
TXɷݺJYɷͷҲѾЩŲסˣ
һTXɷʵĳҵפҲǺѸıĿǰľɣҪ֪TXɷݵĿǰֵǴﵽһǧ𰡣
ǰٶ˵ͿǹˣIPOǱߵŶӵҵϸڲŸոտûʲôʵҵ
ϿҲǳü˵
ǺǣǰûвûаɣTXɷݵȷǺţѲɾûбţҵһֵй˾פHKأHKѲûӰ𣿡
Ϊŵÿ˿ϵˣҲеˮƽˡ
ԽǿϺżЩżˡ
ٶҾЦʵһ㶼ЦHKҵﻹбTXǿģTXɷݻ׻ƵĹ˾ʵ벻ʲôĹ˾ܹʵ
ǰĿǰǹͷҵܰ׻ƵĻŷɷҲֵǧңۺϳԪĻٶӦҲ֪ģܸTXɷݶԿİ
Ͽ뵱Ȼ˵ţҲһ̾ϢԭΪһʲô취أڿҲǴ  ⴵţ̵ܹȶ  ῴٺһЦΣûʵЧİ취Ļһᵽط𣿡
ٶ˵ǲ֪ڰôأ
TXɷݻҪҵôأ
ǰĻ˼ҿڽˣõHKУ
ǲ֪ٶôİϷǺҲûκεĺôɣ
Щ˭Ҳ˵ĻʵĲţ
ῴЦŵȻ˵ĻҸλȽһˡ
˵Ŀ⿪ʼ⼸˿˹ȥղǻûע⼸ˣ  ˼ժԼ֣Ȼ˴˸кλμհ
ٶ
ǰｻҲһĲ죬⻪˼Ǹһﰡ  Ҫ˵ϵʶ˻û⻪˼ʶĶ࣡
˼һҲһˣ
ٶôˣŻ˼Ҳһƣ  ǣ˵Σҿǹ׼Խеİ׻ǱѾ㶨ˣڵȻҪ㶨
˼΢΢һЦ
㣿УٶٶҲҿλǻŷУҲӰ첻˴ְɣ
üͷ⻪˼ҵȷʵǻŷɷѾڽˡ
˼ҸܵHKУǵHKУʵǵֵTXɷݵ֮һ
Ȼ˵Ǳˮнٶ̵Ӱ첢ôĴ󣡣  ˭˵ǻŷ˰˵ԼιɵһҵҪС˼΢΢һЦ
ιɵһҵ
ûһȥѾιɵҵȻ㻪ŷţɣô˵ǸûϷеûϷ
Ͽͻ˼˵λЦЩ˰ɣ
λǿϼHKеǰҿǻǻؽɡ
˼ҲЩһ˵ʵԭҲΪϻױƷ׼ڽеġ
ͻȻı⣬ڿĵǶԵİ




1250Ϲɷݴ
 

˼˻һ˶һɻı飡
ϼţ
ʵܶ˶֪˵ļŵģִֻ˾׻ǿǱһ㣡  Ĺ˾HKУ˼׻Ҳɣ
Ըղ˵ʱѹҲû뵽⣡  ˵ˣϼ֮ǰһеķҲûдôHKأ
ٶǸǿЦİɣ
Ż˼ЩʵȻѹҲŻ˼Ļ
Ȼ˼˵˵ˣϼѲ㻪˼ĳģ  ûⷽĴŰ  ˵Σٶϼŵĵڶɶ˵Ļ㲻ţЩƵ˵
˵ʵһЩţǲҪţǸûа취ţ
ЩεʼȻ˵Ļֶֻ³ܲ˰
ֶ³ܲãЩ
һԵ׺ռܲͬʱժīʵ˻ǲʶ  ⡭λϼŵֶ³ܲã⡭ļٵİ
Ҫʶͻ˼ĻΪһƭˡ
ɼˣҲǸǰһа  ϼţͻȻĳĸҲǷǳţƵĴڰɣ  ³ôأ  һԵĸϿռܲĳƾ־ϿռܲרõģʱռܲһƬ  λŮӡǷǳ̵ģ  ڿռܲıˣƬϼûжټͻ˼ߣ
ȫжϼŵĸ߲ˣ  ֶ³ܲãӭHKϵľٶһԵЩơ
ϼŵʶ
ЩɵĿŸϵܲãʶǣ
Σֶ³һǲʶܲǰϹĳƾ־һƬÿܲõƬһƯ΢΢һЦ
ռܲŸЦŵܲÿˣ
׿΢΢һЦΡܲãףϼŶ³ǹأĿֻһǾһϹɷHKе顭
ֶ³ĴHKУǲҲŰ  ֮ǰһҪڽеģҸı⣬ҵһй˾Ѿ׼׻ˡϹɷݣҲϻױƷĲֽHKУǰ컪ٶӦѾݽ˰ɡ
׿͸΢΢һЦ
ݽҡҺûעⰡ顭
һ̻ͷʵҲһΣ  ܣһλIPOıµģǸȷϹɷݣֻ⼸һֱæڹе飬Ҳֻǽһ£ûʱȥÿһҵˡ
Ҳǹ¹˵ĻǸϽΧˣ  Ͻ϶ùذ졭
˿ΪļϼҪHKеĻ֮ǰ˵ģǶHKеȶһԵõİ
ɲTXɷݺJYɷܹģЧӦܹʮֹ
ܿ죬Ѿǰһѵϱ˹  һϼŵĹ¸棬׻ƸŵĹ¶棬ȻоԼһ
׿Σǿ̸һ̸˰ɣ
ֶ³˵ҲһƽһԼȻ
ղٶ˵ģϻױƷHKУΪ˴Щʽڳҵ棡ϣܹڼּ죬Щÿһ죬ǵʧ԰ڼġЩǮӦûHKڲɡ
׿΢΢һЦȥĿǰĹƺЩʽڳҾԲܳŵȥģ
׵ĵ׵ĸԾԵģ  ΪкˣǸˣ
׳ϼŵĵ˵һĺϢҲеˡ
ϢأҾûҪܵģҪȻ˹֪Ļǿ»ŲˣЦŵ
ֶ³ϹɷݴʲôʱأЩεĿʵ
ȵǳ֮󣬱Ȼ˦ƱǽʱѾ׼ǧ̣ǸʱеĻHKеȶӦû⡭
ʵѾΪHKǺˣҪΪ׵ĻHKҪش
ڿ˹Ϊ׵ǰˣƲشˡ
ǰTȵӶĲƸѾȫHKˡ
ģ  Ϲɷݵļ룬HKУһĵĺϢ
ãǾֶģ
͸ϵ˶ǼѣһԵЩҲ鼤ϼŵеǸһǿļ
ҪЩڳ֪һʲôıˡ




1251
 

HKУ  ⼸죬мΪսԭ˹׼ԹΪնгһʱ  ȴʱѾˣΪǼеʽȫ˹棡
HK׳ʿľģĵף
˹һɱ׳ϢʵϣǴҲû뵽ɽӣ
гµȻĿǰµĻȶһٶȣÿ԰ڼƵʧѾǳ׵ʧȥģ
ĳڣ  صеĺѾʧȡ֮һ
̶һڵʱ䣬ǵʧѾһǧڣ֮ǰ׬ȫӻһգ  ֪˵Ƕôʹ࣬HKоһ̶ˮһ㣬Ʈҡ
ڻҪ𣿡
˹ҲЩȻһһνļ֣ÿʧ˹ĴҲ۲ѣ
ʵ˹ԼҲ֪ЩǮȻˣǶHKĹ֮У  ʱ˼һָԪʱЩǮֲܵõ  HKĴָͣûأٹһʱ䣬HKĴҲĵġ
ɱ˺ĵǺĵ
Ҫ֪˵ʽкܶ඼ǲģʵϾڶڣ  ٲ˵ĻЩǮʱҪѵľ޶ϢҲܹǱˡ
ؿ˹ˣܳˣ
˵үôȥòҪ˰͡ҲƵ˵
ʵϼ֮ʵѾǺˣ
洿ΪصĸԭҪ֪رļʮֵǿ
ȻĿǰֻ׽磬͡ҲòһЩӣ  Ϊ͡˵ظͲһεġ
ʵǮ͡˵νʧɾ̫ˡ
һֱֵڣʵҲΪ˸  ԸʧܣҲʧܣȻ׽ֻݵͣѡ
͡˼ڳˣЩȻ˵
ʵֵڣҲ֪ԼѾǳ׵ʧˣ֮ǰ˹ĻҲڱӣ
˵ʲôѾˣѾˣϵּҲǺˡ
͡ſصҸоһηǳ֣HKûǽа壬Ą̊́һ㣬ү𣿡
֣ҵȻˣ˵HKǼֲôã
صƣһ޴й˿ҲɱƵ֡
֪ⱳ˭ԼȥĻԻȡķʽ˸صĴۣ
صȫذ¶ͺգ
ʹһΪİ¶ͺռĵϵ֮һһǵһţȴҲһӣ  һ׽磬׽İ¶ͺռ嵣׽ĸˡ
ȻˣΪҲʱѣ
ԭҪ֤һԼڿԼǵû֤ȴΪԼľʧأ  ǿؾԲܹܵһʵ
һԵ˹Ӧ֪HK׻ƣ׻ƳֵĻôʽʵ˻
׻ƣߣ׻ƾҪ֣ҲԲĿŴ̲ȣĿֻŵİɣⱳ϶ʲôɸ˵ܣ
֪ԼѾʧˣھҪ֪ԼΪʲôʧܣ
˹ſصʵҪ֪Ļֵ˭ĻҲǳļ򵥣
Ϊڴ˹ʵѾǿǰһУ  ˼ҾڵȴԼ˳Уһ˳Ļʱ򱳺ĵȻȫǸֳˡ
˹֪ⱳʲôˣ֪ĻҶȻô˲úصķŭѾϡ
˹ſصҪ֪ܼ򵥣˳˹У֮ھǿԼģ
͡ſҲǳҿҲЩ˿϶Ǳ̲Żˣ˹˵ǶԵģһǳ룬ǵĵƾԻֳ
ã½ɣس
һԵ͡үӦ֪HK׻Ƶĵ̣Ĵطְɣ
٣͡һ飡HKȻ׻ƣĿǰҺѣΪʵֹʲôҵҪ˭Ҹҿعȥ
س͡ķ˹ȥһֵɱѾǳ֮ڣ
һԵ˹˿ſصӣҲǻһ£  ȻߣȻȫ׼ˣ
Ȼû뵽ԼʧܣѾʧˣˣҪˣ
¶ͺռҫԲжˣ
ҪǻصܲĻԼ˿ɶˣΪʲôһټ֣ԭ򲻾ΪĨȥ




1252ϲĵɻ
 

HKĳڣ
߰˸ΧһԲ࣡  HK¬HKõķչѾǳŸָΣ
ΪHKĸ߲㣬ȻҲǷǳĹע  ĿǰҲЩ޼ƿʩƾĽδ˿HK߲㱨Ŵ£
ġ
οŸ۸ȨҲһε˵Ŀǰеֹۣ
ھǱʱҲûκε˵ε˵ǣҲڽ߾ȫ  ΣƾǸʲôԵģѾĳ̶ȣڵĺõ𣿡
ϵĿŽΣҲǿȥŭĸо
Ľھֻ㱨˵һǵƿ֮УǵǵĺϢͺˣ
δ˿ҲΪƣ㱨ʱ򣬲ûȷķ
ֻ˵ڵȼգ˹Ϊ׵Ľڳ֮Ǳȶָ
ǵĺϢ㿴ڻкϢȫĿⶼHKھֵɱʽ˭
ŽΣʵ
οʵεĻ㱨һҲͬģҪƾ棬ɶǵʱ޷ЩбĽڳǿ⡣ʧԱģǽǵʽҲˣ
ǰھǱѾ˼ˣڳһˣǾԵĳˣգӦþͼֲסˡĿǰǵĿѾǴﵽһǧң
һ˿Ҳǳص˵Ͼ˭Ҳ֪Ƶʲôչ
Ѿ˵ˣڲʽ⣬Ǻȶ⣡ھǱоķ𣿡
κͽĸϸܲһ㱨ˣ˵Ѿһ׷ֻõȵЩ˳֮ǲܹʵʩĿǰҲڵȴš
οȻ˵ȥҲǵûô㣡  ˵зûоķⲻǿЦѲHKδҪνķ𣿡
ĿǰΨһİ취ֻܹȴˡʼ  
̾һʵû뵽HKȻ֣Ҳ֪Ŀǰ̬ƣҪѶʵ̫ˡ
ھҲ֪ڸʲôʵڲУǻ׻ưæ
ǰҾǸûŤתǬҿȸ׻ƹͨͨ
ҲôΪģΣڣȥĻǿ֧Ų̫ð
ҽӦÿһ½ھλõѡˣһôЩʬλزأ
һ˿ʼţʵϴһڴûҲģ
ϾѾµǧ㣬ʲô  Ҫ֪HKľһֱǷǳȶµ˱㣬ȱ㻹ҪͣԺôѴָأ  Ҵ绰ɡ
ͨԼרõ绰Զ׻ƾǵŹϣ
˵ûмӵʱ䣬Ѿǹ˵绰
ֻǴ˿ıӵˣһԵĽοӣҲʿˮϡô˵
ô˵Ź˵ˣѾHKЧӦԼƻ
гɻʵҲ֪Բ˵ġ
⡭Ǻһ㶼ûиоο
Ȼ˵ˣӦûе㶯
ҲЩ̫ȷΪûȷĶ
棡
һģˣҲǵ
ôˣ˿Ǹ˳
г춯Ʊۡ˳
ʲô⡭ѵЩڳѾˣ
ʵΪ֪Եĵһѹؾ
ոմϢʮʱ½½ʼ˴ģĿʼ۸ҵĹƱҲǳ
ס
ѯʵʱ򣬽Ÿֻһ
ôˣΡŽʵһԵļҲǶŽοš
˰ȻģۣǴ̾Ȼȹ˹ǲܵİοҲһĲ죡
̻ȶʵ
ĻôĵĵһⲢûгְ  ֻҪHKûдģˮЩʽȫ룬ʱHKǰˡ
ڴָֻܹԺ취㶨ˣ  ֹȶҾȻЩĸоЩ۵ĹƱ˲ͱ˸Խȥˣγ
⡭⵽ô°㵵ʵ
̵ҡҴ绰Ǳʣô£
Σھٰŷᣬǿֱͨģ㱨ʱĲһ




1253ºճ
 

HK
˿ھһķᣡ
ʲôߣΪеĲƾ߼ۼHK棡  HKҪٿŷᣬһҲǼѰ
ôȥˣÿ춼߸ţҪɼһЩš
ЩƺûκεĹϵгµƺڼ
ڽ죬Ʊۿ񳱣˵Ŀⶼۼ棡
߻ϣ
ײδϯֳʵЩϲμӡ
ϯռܲΪϼŵܲãռܲһεĳҲǴϼŵĸ߲ˡ
ǳļЩĽڳˣ  һߣ˵HKѾûκεΣˣȻνûΣⲿ
ĵĹƱۿ񳱴ĻԴûг֡
ϼųＯ˴ʽǧĹƱǳ׵ס˴̵ľƣ  ͸ϵţһըԵһ֣֪еǸʲôء
ΣٿᣬǲǸ۸ǱʲôµĶأ
ڼ߻ոʼʱһǰļѾЩȲĿʵ
ǺǣѾЩȲ˰λߣϴһ˿˿Цݣ  ô죬ǿԺһˣ
˵ĿⶼϣΪߵĹԱĻHKĸ߲㰡
˿һԵĸϵ뽻ĸܲûشɣ
վһȻλãһʱ䣬HKʽϮڴҴHKǴЩĽڳңͬʱЩǾϢ
ܲã֮ǰѾ˵ֿ𣿡λ߳ʵ
ֿǺǣⲻյ֮ƶѣHK۸ǾԲЩͶߵģҪǣһεĽսȡʤڸոգЩȫȥˣ
ЩĵĻԼȭͷ˵˿Ҳ쳣ļ  ʮ죬ʮʮ죡
ҲΪⱲΪѰʮ죬˹Ϊ׵ǰʳҵ뿪м֮أ
ܲã֪ڰСʱ֮ǰHK֮˶۴ĹƱǷеĹʽڳΪأ
һҲվʵҪĲǲ²⣬ǹٷĻش
ϳʹĵͷǵõ鱨ʾʽӻ³˹Ϊ׵һˣHK˷ˣ֮ǰTΪŸλѾ˰ɣ
ǰǵĲ²ǶԵİǸ߿ŸϣȻʵܲã˹Ϊ׵Щ˹ȻϲHKѾش֪۸߻ʲôӦ֮أ
ǻᾡԼŬ̵ʱڽǵĴָָǰˮ׼ϳ
ܲãνӦ֮ߵʲôأһտƾİ׻ɣĻôܹڶڹأ
һվŸϬʵ
ϿλЦŵ죬ҴHK׻ƵĻױƷҵϼѾǽݽ룬ڰ֮У
ʲôϼţǸ˵еϼ𣿡
ȥҪϻױƷܹHKеĻǿǲ˰
ļٵİҿӦģϾŷᰡ
ֲø۸̨ԭȻѾҵ˺֣̫˰
ϼŰֱּװ
ǰһߴߴеıȴԼıϲϵдʲô
һذϢ
Ͽ˿ռܲռܲҲ֪ԼӦóˣ˵λHKļǣãϼܲռܲ
ܲãȷϼHK𣿡һվʵ
ռܲЦŵǼŵֶ³ԭǴڽеģΪһεĽΣǾHKһ֮ҲϣܹάHKȶͷ٣
ܲãϻױƷĿǰֵѾڣǿĲ֪ϼǷһֱHKأһλߵ
ҷģϼѾHKܲҳŵδʮڣϻױƷHK֮У
ռܲλҲ΢΢һЦ
ͼ˺ܶˣܶ˶Χϼк͵Ǳһһѯš
ռܲҲǶԴһЩϼŵҲǸһЩ
һŷᣬȻֻʮӵʱ䣬ʮԸıHKеĸˣ




1254¿صĿ
 

HK۸ĳڣ  ôĿɿڴĶŵɽĻҲһŵĿǰΣ  ʵ̫벻ˣϼŵϻױƷҪHKУ
ֱһ޴ĺϢ
û뵽ֲСӾȻ˵Ѿڰˣɱﵰ
ҲһĿЩԲ˯õģΪ
ͻȻһظĸо
Ҳ΢΢һֲ̾øղҴ绰Źϵʱ˼˵ô赭дһ׻ưǶɹѹذ
һǿڱ֧е
ǰHKûлع鵽ĻһεĽΣǱؽʧأ
ɲզΣǿŻHKȶ
ϼŵĵ֪ʲôЧڴ
һȺ˵ķѾǱˣ˵Ƕ֪龹ȻĽ
κ˶û뵽ϼžȻHKУ
һϢ½֮Ҫȼȫˣ
ֻʱʱһ۹Уŷ̶̵ʮ֮ڣ  HKѾȫֱָͣ˰ٷ֮壡
ԭǧĴָһӾͽӽǧŽһʼ
ͣˣ
οԼֻоȻѾ΢΢
ôˣÿ쿴HKƱָɹҲһ飬񿴵ͣĵļ֪ˡ
һԵҲǼ˵ðͣ˺ðHKһǿļ
۸һƬڣ˵һõĽ֣
ֻǸոտʼҪ֪ϼŻûʽУһϢܹHKбǣ
ǿģĹƱг붼֪һ  ֮ǰͷ˳չЩƱ̶̵ʮ֮ڣѾ׬ȡ˽𣡣
HKжԣһϼڴУǷǵûʲôʧܹٳ߸ͷһ  ȴҲܹһεɱ֮УԼֱӷ  ˵һ˫Ӯľ棬û֮һ
۸һڣHKһ֮УȴȻͬ
أ
һֱӱһ𷢱۵ֱӾһĵ֮ϡ
˲Ǳˣ֮ǰ˹ֲ֣ס˵Ŀذ¶ͺգ  HKյѾˣ̫ǿˡ
˹ҲǱϢˣǧôҲû㵽׻ǿϼžȻȻ׼HKУ
Ǹ˹һƹ  ʵһεĳʣǻڵȴŻᣬܲڸһ  ΪطǳĲҪȰʽ˱ʲô
ȻѾǳԼһ׶εʧˣ
ǵʽ֮ʣHKһϵеĶֱۻҰ
һԵ͡ҲǷŭӵϼţǸ
ЦһߣϼţҵҪжôռܲŮ˵ʲôͷ
ϼоġ˹ʼ
Ŷ˵˵صӥһ㡣
˹ʵϼŵһ벻⣬ǵĻױƷȷǷǳҵķҲãõ֣ЧȷǷǳĺã
˹ɲΪ˳ģһ
˹׻оŻ֪֪˲ܰսʤ˽ϼţ֡
ҪϻˣҾҪ֪ϼŵܲʲôͷ
ûȤ˹ϻҪ֪֪ϼŵûı  ˹ʼϼĿǰ׻ļ֮һӵʲռܲǽˣһֱԼĸ׾Ӫһҽҩ˾ҽҩ˾ˣȻ֪ôҡһͳΪϼŵܲã
˼˵Ůһֱڽسʵ
ȻҾ˵컹һС˹
úúãŮҿص£͡ǰŮץô
һռ֪ܲŮ˾Բ֮ˡ
֮˾Բռܲ϶˲ͨ˶ѡ
οڻǽӵûжѹˣ
ҺҶ˵ûκεѹҾǼҲġ
㡭ôһHKУʱҪεİ˹ſؾȻҪգ΢΢ҡͷ
Щ˾ԸķˣȻȦӣʧܺͳɹԭһ֮䣡  ȻһͶûгɹǻһεĻᣡ
ץϼŵܲõĻ¾Ҫִ˰  ͡˹Щɵ뿪
ظҲ˵ǲ֪ԼӲ֪֮⻹һ硣
Σ
ڿһЦѣ




1255Ϊӣ
 

HKз粨Ϊ֮𶯣
HKֶΣҲøýһѣΣ
һ˹Ϊ׵ĽڴȫûHKȵ  ɽׯ  ׵һλʱѾǰĲˡ
˼Ϊ£ǰص˹ڣռܲǸHKĶ
ռ֮ܲҲΪĸȤЩһҪĽˡ
Ͼһֺ磬Ƿǳǿġ
ˣһοɶԿҪȻHKĸпܶҡЦŵ
˵Ҳ˵ģܹƽƽĽ̸ţһ˻ġ
Ϊ׽һЩ飬˾Ȼ̸ܹЦǾǲܵ顣
Ҫ֪˵ȼɭϵ£˻׵涼š
һԵԶҲ΢΢һЦ绽꣬СС׽ôѵأ
׿ż˵һHKʱӦҲûʲôˣҪǱУ
ǣˣԶҲûǰƤЦˡ
׸׼˵֮ʣȻ俴Զ  ֶȻɱռ¶˲併˱㣬ռܲԸоһ˿֮ͬ  ֵɱҲŵЩ˵ˡ
Զ׵ӣǰˣôˣ
пˣǺǣ
׵һ˿мЦݣȻ֪˵ʲôˣǵĿѾռܲ
ֻռܲԼ֪ѾǱ˸ˡ
ˣﰡ
ռܲЩɵĿ˿棬ûпκˡ
һԵԶҲǿԶǵʵƺ֪˴ڡ
߸ء׵¶һ˿Ц
ԶЩٴеĿ棬Ȼ˵ˣ˵϶ˡ
HK֮ǰĸɭ壬ûκܹвˡ
⵹ЩˣԶʵզΣֻܹŵû˹
ûӣ𷢱۵Ѿߵ˾ɽׯĸǰ
Ϊ׵Ǹ˺Ȼ֮ǰ˹һĿذ¶ͺգ  վڿصԱߣ͡  ڿصӿȥǳƽ档
үȷҪHK֣صԱߣһӵʵ
壬ʵǿôȴôСأؿһԵü
ү׻ƣ׻Ƹڶ࣬ҵİΣҳݣİΣ
˵ӣʹһǿ֮һİ¶ͺռһʮʹ
¶ͺռ壬ʹһΪϵļ֮һ
ײ֪ǣ¶ͺռ֮÷¡廹Ҫǿٱ˵¶ͺռʹһǿ֮һ  Ϊǿʢʱ򣬰¶ͺռ廹ֹ̻һ
HKܹвҿصİΣܹвõǰҲǳԸɷİɣ
Щŭ˵Ҫռܲ
Ȼ׽ʧһЩǮڿ˵С˼ǽǮС£ȴǴ°
ӣԼԼ  ͡һҲǸ߹󣬲ԼĹϵȻ׽һǸ͡
¶ͺռʹһǿ֮һǲΨһ
¶ͺռֱʹһһǿļ壬˹壡
һ涪ˣҪǱ͡СӴ뵽˰˹ĶȥĻôʹһɾͶˡ
ⲻҪĽҪҪƻԼϼԼʹ߸صĴۣ
˵ˣҲʱɱϼŵܲȥɵɶϾϼŵܲ׻ƣ  ˵׻ƣʹһôĸ֣Ҳ׻Σظ  һԵ͡ſ΢΢һЦүܹ˹飬һε֮ãҲʧΪһ׮̸
ЩΣ֮͡Ȼף  һȻԼһԼûôǰʹһĻԶ϶֮Լͻᱻ֪
ӣһжΪӣ  Ѿ¶˾ģ
үȻ˵Ļֻսپˣ˳
ؿŰ˵ʲôǵʵԸһ׽˻ֵ
˿ſسүӦÿԸ֪ĳλ߰Ȼʵô
ôˣѣиûʲô𣿡
ү˵ϼŲͨļţٸ֮ǣһС΢ˡ
ߣ壬ҿôԽԽȥ˰֮Σ
һ˵֮ǵĳžɽׯķ˹ȥ




1256ߵ
 

ɽׯ
ԶЩŵĿ档
ȻҲߣǸ֪ʲô飡  Ӳ֪浽˭ˣ
˴Լӵʱ䣬Ƿм𷢱۵߽ǵ
⡭ʹһˣʿˮ
һԵԶҲǳӦǰɣҡҲ֪
ռܲ쳣˷ܵĿ׵ף˵ʹһ˰ҲҲûм˵ĺİ
ۣ
ҲЩˣѾ׽˭ųɰⲻ  ռ֪ܲ׽֮ϵ͹أʳĻҲ֣  һԵˣʵⲢǵȻ״̬ʹһĻǵս̬вŻ¶ǵı𣡡
ԭǲǾŮռܲЩʵ
ǰɡ
ҲǲһԼͷϵĺ飬λ˹ȻǷǱѰ
ʶͬʱסռܲԭŵǼһĹѾ˵ĸǰ

ռܲǼѾǳԼĸǰȻ
ȻǸŮ
ؿǰռܲҲ¶һ˿˿аЦ
˭
ԶΪ֮ˣҲHKĳԱ֮һ⼸˵ʵȻҲ֪⼸˲ǣ  Ȼˣĵվž̫幬ˣ֮вδʲô£еֻһ˿ĵǶѣ
Ͼ֪ǰʵΣһҪǴ򲻹ǡ
Ȼֿ
ڣСһؿ˿ԶЦһȽϺãֻҪŮ˼ɣ˭ҪĻɱֱүûǰ
ôĵӣѲǲ֪׻Ĺ𣿵HK䣬֪˭
ԶſҲЦ
˻ǲ֪ôдȻķ˵ⶼҴ򣬻ţ  δ˵ȻܹϹˣ  Ӵǣвİ߱ү˭Цһ
׻HKԶ
ԶֱӱԼ䣬һ˵ЩʹһǺܴġ
񸥸ɭǿ壬ҲHKҡ
Ϊһŭ׻Ƶߣʱ¶ˡ
һҪĴսʱ򸥸ɭ¾ʹһˡ
ԭҵˣôأŮ˵ҿأҪۣ
ز˵ƺһѾƿ֮ˡ
һԵİ˻ң򳹵׵ɨһ飬ûзʲôв֮Ҳǵү²˳٣ǻǰ°ɣ
ߣأûΪʲôҪץܲãԶһ
ΪʲôҪץϼžȻֹHK׬ǮñүˣүȻҪŮһЩˡ
ǰɣǸӲϼŵһܲöѣҲߣǻǻ󰡣ϼžڽôȥϼأ
׿Ҳǲм˵һЩ̫ϡ
˿׵ߣȥүҪ˷ϻˣΪ˷ֹй¶ϢҿǰЩ˽ˣȻŮ뿪ˡ
ðɣһӽ̻ʵǻ䣬һûȥ׼׼ء
һ֪Լһ仰Ȼջ
ô׻ƾضߣ
׵һ䣬ĴӺ˳
ţһǿʶ˲ѹ  ԭֺĿص˼ͬʱ㵵ĳ׵ķ˹ȥ  ǵг˾֮ɫ
ʿˮ׵áǿ
㡭㾹Ȼߣ˭
ȻҲǸɵӣһ֮Ҳһ£
ߵˣ  ˭Ҫղ˵ҪɱңҪҵŮˣĵӻǺܴ󰡣׿ſЦһ  ˳һļ˿ŵãү뿪
뿪û£
ݣ
ǿĽѾŰķնȥ
֮
䣡
ԭҪֵˣѾϤնɱڴˣ
һ̫ͻȻλʮʹ֪ʲô飬Ѿǳ׵ıĨȥδطһ㣡




1257ū
 

ɽׯڣ  ˲סſˮʵû뵽龹Ȼ  ̫ǿˣʵ̫ǿˣ  ְ
˵һʱж˾龳ĸ֣Ҳ൱ʹһʮʹˮ׼  һİûڣʱҪԼڼһµĻ˵үҪˣ
ⱨûгɹһʧʮʹȴʵ̫ˣ
ǰ˸֪˵²Ǹոտʼ
˼ҼȻѾǴɱ䣬ôܷȥأ
֮ǰ˵һնݲ紵
ֻҪɱǣ˼ҾһݣҸ֪ġ
ʱ¶ͺռҪұ˱𣬿¶֪Ŀ굽˭  ʿˮһθоԼ֮
׿Ű˳ʲôҪ˵𣿡
ǿǿߣ֮ǰҡðԭ£
нп಻ôҲû뵽Ȼչز  һԵĿؿ׵ҡǰ¶ͺռĵϵ㡭㲻ɱң
ү
ǰһڣүһҪɱĳ嶯
Ҫǲ˵ԼݣǻһЩ  Ҫ˵ˣǸ˱һɱǵ  ˺޲ֱһǰĿأ
¶ͺռ壿ôû˵ûУת˿һԵԶᣡ  ʵڵԶỹڸղֶ֮У  ׵һԼ̫幬λǿߵĲࡣ
ǰֻǿᵽ֮һζ
ˣ⡭¶ͺռҵ˵ģԶ
һԵῴ׵ҡҵû
׿Զʲôͷ
ʵղŴӿ˵вμӽ̻ʵǻʱѾ֪һͷ϶ǲСġ
¶ͺռӦʹһǿ߼壬ʵǳǿɭӦ֪İɣ
ԶףҲĽ͵
׵ͷɭҵȻ֪ôˣ
Զ⸥ɭڰ¶ͺռĸǰ൱ںһһ֮Ĳɣ
ôһͣ˲ˣ
¶ͺռʹһĵλԱڣȻʹһȨеڽ̲
ڽ̲Ҳɸĸϳģе֮ǰһ㣡  ڽ̲κһȴԱЩơ
һ֪ǰ¶ͺռ壬Ҳ΢΢һ
˰¶ͺռΪϣӦò̫ˡ
ֻһԵİѾǻں޲ѣ¶ͺԽǿԽΣգ
ղǰλǿߣѾնɱλԼĳԱ
ܻȥˣԺ϶Ҫ˼ұĲ  תſЦһԭ㻹֮󰡣
ڷңôһ峤˸ǰλԼ䡭һ׵̬Щת䣬Ҳǳ
أ
ڿΪԼļ屳֮󣬿϶ǵ֮ʣ
ȴԼѾǱһȭϣ
˲䣬Ѫֱķɣ  صصˤ˵ϣʹģһԵ͡ҲһĶ¡
ͨ  ͡һӹ˵ϣʿˮǿߣҡҴˣʵǱȹġ
ȣҿһҲ׿͡Цһ
ǿߣֻҪƹңҸԸΪǿЧǣ
͡Ǻˣղնɱ˰¶ͺռ֮ѾһƬ֮ɫ
񿴵ΣڵϦ¶ͺռ嶼岻ˣоԼѾǷǳĽӽˡ
ʶʱΪ̬ܰҾͺϲ׿͡΢΢һЦ
ʵɱǷǳףһ뵽̻ʵǻڼ⼸ŵеô
Ǹأ¶ͺռʹһһĳĻôݾͷǳ΢ˡ
ǿߣֻҪɱңҡԸҵһУ͡ʱΪѾûκεĵˡ
һԵİ˿͡ӣҲǽĶ׿ţʵܹ˭Ըȥأ  ҪԸΪҵˣҵǿԿǿǲɱǣֻʮӵĿʱ䣬ҪôҪô
׵бһĺǰ˺ٺһЦ
һ
һպ͡ѾǴԸˣһԵĿغͰ˻һۣȻǷǳԥ
һһţеķɽҲѾǻľ
صӲסĲţŵʱЩ˵ǿߣҡҲԸ⣡
һضԸˣȻҲѧˣ  һӣױֶūһѪܿˡ
ȻĿĵģ




1258ɶ֪
 

ۻҵѪ  Զһľ㵲ѣǲ֪ȻֶͨΣ  ֻҪ˾ѪȻܹñ˳Ϊˣ
ſصϹݵӣԶҲǲסĭȻǱһĻˣ  һԵռܲſǲ˸Ľɫģ˸ӵ˷ܡ
һûС˵ַֹǿ֪ˡ
ˣֶǡ
Զһǳ׵ķˣ֪ʲôķ
û˵ģٵĿǰΪֹû˵
ЦЦѪΪĿ̣ҪĻѳͣ
ԭˡ
һԵԭֻҪӵ˾Ѫܹ˱Լˣ  ҪĻ̫ˡ
˵ǱȽϵĿ̵ģҲһҪȻ̫˰
ˣ
ص˿ףǴ˿̶ΪĹֹɢı΢Ǹı䲻˵ġ
׿ż˵˵ɡ
վؿ׵𾴵ˣʲôΪЧ͵𣿡
ʱãҵмҪ㡭׿ż˵
ˣʣһ֪޲޲ϵ˵
ţղ˵¶ͺռʹһλܸߣ׿ſʵ
һԵ͡ƺЩ˼Ͻ˵ˣ¶ͺռͰ˹ʹһΪǿʢ֮һ
Ϊǿʢ壿׵һЩȤʵǿڰ¶ͺռеĵλΣ
ˣʵڰ¶ͺռǵϵ¶ͺռϵ֮ӵʮλ֮࣬ĿǰӦĩλɡ
͡˿أֿ˿Ȼ˵
һԵİҲǸϽˣʵүڰ¶ͺռĵλȻͣǸһЩϵүȣĵλߡ
ԭˣһΪǰ¶ͺռʲô̳ءЦЦ
ɫһˣ¶ͺռϵ֮Уʸ񣡣
ǰˣүʸĻҲԵ޹ʵܵ׽ˡ
΢΢һ̾ԼѾǱ˱˵ˣȻҲ֪ǰλǿߵʲôֶΡ
ԵĸоһֻҪΥ֮˵־ͻٲ
Ƕ˲ڴ˵ķ֮٣ղĪѪ Ǹоһľ֣
׵ͷҲһʧĵϵ˰ҲҪղ˵Ҫȥμӽ̻ʵǻ䣿
Ҳ֪̻ʵǻ䣿һ𾪵Ŀף
˵˽̻ʵǻ䣬ΪȻܹվ߸𣿺ߡ
ǣˣ֮ǰҵ۲ʶ̩ɽ˼£˸Ͻ
ǰλһԲϾҪְ  ׿ſص̻ʵǻ䵽ô£ƺ̻Ѿʧٺܾ˰ɣ
ˣͨ󰡣Ȼ̻ʧ֪
𾪵Ŀ׿ʹһ֮£û뵽ǰ˾Ȼ֪
˿̣˵˶һĿס
Ҳ֪ˣ׿ſ΢΢һЦʵ
ؿ׵ˣʵһ̫֪һɰ˹Ľ̻ʵǻǡǸǰ¶ͺռҲвɣ
˼Ǿ㶼֪̻ʵǻǼٵˣʵ
ˣʵҲǼٵģ̻ʵǻģֻûн̻ѣس
ûн̻Բ˳׿ſʵ
ʹһ̫ãҪһָ˼ǰ̻ʴʧ٣ʥŮԭӦüλ˵ʥŮ±նɱ̻ʧ٣ԡ
ضЩȻôףǴŵ֪ġ
׿˵˼ǣֻҪʥŮڣ̻ڵĻô
⡭ôأݿʥŮѾʧ̻꣬ҲʧѾãʥŮĻŵĻ겻أ
ؿףг˲ŵɫ
׳ǵʥŮȻţǱµģ
ʲô
صѾŵò֪˵ɶˣеľ֮ɫԶ׼
ǻǻطɣʹһЩһЩ㲻ףҴȥһʥŮ
״ż˾뿪ˣԶһȻվһԣ
ԶȥıҲʿˮ⡭Ҳ̫ǿһɣ
˵ᣬǿ˵Ǻ°Զ΢΢һЦ
ԶԶԣǺ£ɡôôǿأ᲻סı
Ƕ֮ˣȻҲ֪еĲף
ǿ˹ӣҲһĳݺĽ
˿׵գ֮Ѿ˾̫幬ʹһˣ֪ڽ̻ʵǻ顣
ȻҲˡ




1259ݿʥŮ
 

̫幬
濴׻֮ҲǸϽߣ  ͬʱĻԲˮˣ
ˣôˣ񿴵ף̬ûκεı仯  ԴһξаĴս֮ǵĹϵѾǷ˸Եת䡣
׿׳ϣ»һˣ
⼸λǡ濴һԵļ𷢱۵ʹһ֮ˣҲЩƵʵ
ʹһ֮ˣҵ˰ɣЦŵ
ˣ⼸λʵ΢˸ʲôЩĿʵ
ЦŵԺǾͻ֪ˡˣռܲԺ׳аɡ
˰ţĳȻЧ˰
泯̧̧üͷҲܹġ
л׳ϣ׹֣ȻһԵռܲܲԺ͸׳һҪ׳ϵĻ
š
ռܲҲ֪˵ɶó˿˷쳣
׿ˮ֮ǰݿʥŮɰã
ţԣĿǰѾˣʵҲˮףҲ΢΢һЦ
˵һﻹĿǣѾΪ׵ŮˣȻҲȫĵͶ뵽˾̫幬ˡ
ɣ㽫ݿʥŮĻɡЦŵ
šˣף֮ǰ׳˵һ㱻аˮЩǵĿʵ
һԵԲҲǳˣаô
ѾûˣԺаҪսʵǳǿ֮ǰ׳Ϻֳ˺Ҳǲһ㡭
Ȼδ˵꣬м˼ѾǱķǳˡ
ǡôˮȻ֪⼸˵ʵġ
֮ǰ׹ҳϺ鳤Ϻնɱ̫龳ڵǿ߼Ҳû㣡  ׾Ȼһȫûֱǲ鰡
΢΢һЦû£һս֮аҲǼɵ֣Ȼȥһġ
֪׽շаȥɽȻһǿĵˡ
ɽڶԲģ
οһаɽ磬ʱȥɽǳΪʸ֮ģ
ǴκνǶ˵а£
ֻڣаҲǶҳһսˡ
ʵ˫ڶǻмɵѣ
ˮȥܿ죬ݿʥŮͿ˾̫幬ڣ
ݿʥŮһ׶ھ̫幬ҲķǳʵҲǰٳ߸ͷһʮʹҲһ֮ң  ˷ʱ䣬ܹڶʱںǿĵҩˡ
Ҳ֪ʲôһָܣ˵ʹһ׻ƵһֱƲģ
˼ҾľˣݿʥŮǼΪĸӵģ

ݿʥŮܣȻ˼֮ͬˣҲһĲ죡
һԵĿ￴׵лЩӵչˣҸʥŮѾˣҵ׼طʹһ壡
طʹһ壿ʲô׿ſЦʵ
һԵݿʥŮľ֮ݿΪʹһһν̻նʥŮϼ縺ʹһʹ
֮ǰǲѾ˵ôݿʥŮ£׿ݿʵ
ҲûвֻǲҪݿʥŮ
ң΢΢һЦʵô۷
ʹһǿʵ˽⣬֪ҪҳΪ̻ʣ²֪
ݿɵ֮ȻϣǿĺԮԼһʼ׾ǸԱõˡ
Ͼֻ׻ĳһŵݿҪԵĿʹһ塣
һ֮ҪԿʹһ壿ڳ˵Σ
ԼľˣݿɾԼֻǰʹһ壬ȻҲ֪ȥһʵǲԸ⿴׵Ѫ  ʹһǿǿ󣬸Һ֮ĺƺͻɣ׿ݿЦŵ
һԵĿûʥŮµ˼ʵʥŮǲһȥðգʹһ岢ô򵥡
ǺǣݿʥŮһǷǳĹĵİЦ
һԵˮ׵ӵףʵҡҾݿ˵ǶԵģ㲻ľôóȻȥʹһɣа֮ҡ
ʹһ壬ȻҪȥһµġ׻ôĵݡ
а
ȷǶԼһвѪаΣ  ײǵС֮ˣ֪ѶȵĻ׻һԶʹһѵĶࡣ
Ȼ˵ĻĿһȻǷʹһ壡
ֻҪշʹһ壬ʱܹȵʰ׻һĲо֡




1260𾪵
 

ҪȥĻǾ·һֺαأ
ݿʥŮЩˣ·һĻ˵ˡ
׿ݿʥŮ΢΢һЦȥҲ·һ
ҡôأұϾǽ̻նʥŮݿʥŮ
̻նʥŮ֮ǰѾ˵Ѿڽ̲˰ɣǲ÷¡͵컻գҪõ̻ҿ¡
׿ݿʥŮ¶һ˿ζζ
ǡǶǹȥˣûǽ̻ҪΪ̻ʣôܣǽ̻նʥŮʱһӦ
ݿʵҲ֪Լһ˵Լ¶ţôܹأ  ˵ʥŮ£Լ˵Ļ𣿡
׿ݿЦʵ֪ʵݿôΪá
һεĽ̻ʵǻ䣬һᣬһݿɳΪ˽̻ʣһͳʹһ˵Ҫ׺ܶˡ
ѪУ  Ҫ飬ĴɱĻ˭ҲԸ⿴  һεѶȣȻҲ֪ģѾȫ׼ˣ  ̫幬νǱǿ׳ʹһȻʵǿᣬֻҪɽ𻢣ݿɵϽ̻֮λ
һѾôҪˣ  ￴׳ǲʶģҪʥŮ¼ֹĻҵԸðգǵʤһЩأ

ݿɿſô˵ҲЩ
һҪǴŭǰλǿĻʱôĿ¶֪  ׿ݿɵĺˣ֮ǰѾ̸˺Ҫһͳ
𾪣  һ𾪵ĲǱˣǸոձĿصˣ
֮ǰǿݿʥŮʱѾ𾪵ԸˣϾǴ˵еﰡ
ʵݿʥŮʹһǺܸߵģкܶ˵ڻڼλʥŮ£  صôҲû뵽ΪֹսݿʥŮȻվԼĸǰ  ⾪ȻδֹͣǾȻ׸ΪŵĻ  һͳ磬Ҳ˵Ļ  Ͳ˵ʹһ壬˵׻Ҳǿ߱ȥô꣬Ҳûп˭һͳ簡  Ұ֮࣬ɹһûУ  Լλˣʵһĸо˵ҪݿʥŮȡ̻֮λǾøܣ  ڽ̲ļʮλʮʹǼǲԽһϰ
ǲ֪Լλ˵ôģ˵Ļ
ѲҪݿʥŮĸǰһԼƺҲ̫һЩɣ
ݿʥŮ׵־Զ󣬿Ⲣһ׵鲻𣿡
һιǸһ´£ԭҪȥһʹһ̽Ϣҵҵʹһˡ
׿ݿɺͿ¶һ˿Сף  ݿʥŮҡҡͷĪΪʹһıôõĴ£ܹ֪ɣ
أǻݼʥŮ£׿ſص˵
¶ͺ˿ذݼʥŮ£ԸʥŮͬڣع£һԵİ˺͡Ҳǹ  ݿɿſ𾪵ʵǰ¶ͺռģ
ǵģʥŮ£س
⡭ô°ѲѾ¶ͺռЭ飿ݿЩ𾪵Ŀʵ
ĻǶݿ˵һǳõϢ
⵹ûУֻҪݿʥŮλǰ¶ͺյĵϵӦ֪ܶڽ̻ʵǻ飬ҴҲΪ˸һһ¶Բߣ
׿ݿʥŮ
صͷʥŮ£ʵһεĽ̻ʵǻǰ˹ģڽ̲ġҵʵû뵽ʥŮ¾Ȼš
¶ͺռ壿Ȼǽ̻ʵʵӵãҲܲ飡ݿʥŮ
Щ˼˵ǡɶݿʥŮʵǰ¶ͺռҲûκεİ취Ӧ֪ǰ¶ͺռͰ˹Ȼʵ൱ڽ̲ĻȨҪԸһЩҹһ޾ĵʥŮҲ֪ģǴ
׿ݿʥŮЦŵⲻҵһͻƿ𣿰˹ѡһλʵ൱ļ϶ǲֵ֧ġǱϵ֧ӦҲ˳Ӧƶѡ
ݿʥŮſصСӣν̻ʵô£
ʥŮ£Ӧüǵһ-˹˰ɣؿݿʥŮ
ʲôˣ
ݿʥŮɫһ䣬Ȼû뵽ӿصоȻ˵˵֣




1261Ѿ
 

̫幬  ˽ǿݿʥŮǶ֪ʹһ֮Ѿ޷⣡
׵ִҲǼʶģʹһǿҲ֪
ݿʥŮҲǱȽϵˣһΪԼҰģ¾ǲܾ׵ġ
ݿʥŮܾˣҽϵ˵һ顣
ݿʥŮ֪¶ȥ飬ûܹ赲
׿˿ݿʥŮʵ˰˹ʶ
ҵȻʶһǵ̻ɪ-˹̻ʵֶӣݿʥŮ
ʥŮ˵Ĳ˵Ÿ߹Ľ̻Ѫس
̻ʲǿ𣿡
ڶû̻ʵǸզ£ԭΪһ̻һ̻ʣôأ
ˣⰣ˹壬һֱʹһĻѪ
ؿЩʼȻΪɶ֪أû뵽ȻҲԼ˲֪顣
һԵİ˿ҲǵˣݿʥŮıӦþݿ-˹
ԭˣһΪ̻˭˭أҲݸһЦ
ʵɪ̻ǡҵĸף
ʵϣֻ֪ܶݿʥŮǰ˹ˣ֪ʥŮݣ
Ǻ֪ݿʥŮϵʵǵʧٵĽ̻ʣ  ʲôݿʥŮȻɪ̻ʵŮҲǾˣΪ鼸û֪
ݿʥŮſص¶ͺռ峤֪ҵݣҸҪһͳҪֹȴֹˣҸ״ʧ֮ڽ̲û˳⣬ҵ̣
ֲҪȥǰӦҲøɣ֮Ӧúܺ˵İɣ׿ݿʥŮʵ
ˣ
ݿʥŮЩҧгݵĿף֪ǷŭԲǳԼġ
ؿݿʥŮӣҲǿ˿׵˵ݿʥŮ걻ڽִ̲м̣Ϊ˳ϴٳɵġ
Ǻǣ
Ҳ΢΢ҡͷڿⰢӦͿ˽̻֮λֻһֱûеõ̻  ݿʥŮ˿׵̻ҪǵҲĺãͱ˸ˣû˽̻ҪΪһν̻ʣǾԲ˳
黹з·תذ΢΢һЦ
ݿɵͷǰҪʱҲףڽ̲Ȼ֪һţѾ϶˰ˣȥĻҿǵĿ϶Ƿڽ̻桭
ⲻǻǺǣȻӵн̻һν̻ʵĵϵŮʣµͽˣ
׵ΪţֻһǲУȻһս
һԵĿ￴׵׻ƵţеҲˣǡ
ݿʥŮҲǵǰҪ˵飬ҵˣϾ׻ˡĹӦҲ֪İɣôߣǿ·һ
ұӭ̤ˣʹһǲǵɽ֣ǣҲҪһ
֪޾ɱ¾ǲȡģҪһͳ磬ǿƤӿû˻Ը⳼  ֺαأҡҲֵðա
ݿɵдһ˿ӵɫֻײδ⡣
׿ݿɵ֮ǺҰԸȻҲðҵԸ𣿡
ȻڣݿȻԸģ
ݿ֪׵ʵǿҲǿ
֪δҪٵʲôǻʹһ尡
ľҪȥʹһ壿ҲЩ𾪵ʵ
׿Цŵϣʲô˵ģ
ˣʵҪ˵ݿʥŮѾ˵ˣʹһǿǼʶġȻҲ֪ʵǿɱϾ˫ȭѵ֡
׳Ȼþƾڵ֣ôܿôʹһǿأ
˵ģڽ̲Ǿǲĳǿ߰
ܴˣƵʱҲᱻĴ˰ɣ  ǰףҾûһȫ֮߰ˮҲΪǵ˵
ʵǰûⷽĵǣԴӳа֮ĵѾǷԹˡ
׿ЦŵڵʵǴ򲻹Ҳȫˣ
ǼˣЦɣ
ݿʥŮֵ̯̯ûİ֣Ϳ⼸˵ĻЩˣ
صһЦȻһ֧صʱǾͻ֪ˣ




1262¿ص
 


ˮ˿ףû뵽׾ȻԼ  Ϊ̫幬ʵҲû̫Ľȥ׽ˣԺ֪ܶʵҲġ
ȵٸɣǻȰ鶨˵Цŵ
㲻ѾҪȥ𣿡ˮƵʵ
̫幬Ҳ׵ļ˸ֱʲôˡ
ݿʥŮʵ˼ǻ԰𣿡
ɣ鲻㵣ˣȻѡ㣬Ҳܺ׼ǣʹһжٵĸ֣ȻҲȫ֪Ҳ֪١Ҳȥġ
׿ݿʥŮ΢΢һЦ
ǡݿʥŮЩ׵Ŀʵ
뷨ʱֱӾڽ̻ʵǻϣȥȻó̻ˣ
ѲݿʥŮʹֱȥһ׼ҪУ
׿ݿɣŮ˻ɼΰ  ҪĻʱվĻǲĲɿˡ
ȻҪȥˣÿһȻҪȫ  ֪ȥǷǳյģܹһʧ
ҪȻأݿʥŮײʵ
ݿɣ׻оϻԤԤϣǾôȥĻ²װɣ
׿ݿɣҲ֪ˣŮɶȽϴ󣬵еԵ֣
ЩƣԹѵڣŮѲɻҪ־
ҵʹһĸȫ٣ҲӲѲɻбİ취ݿʥŮƵĿס
΢΢ҡͷ˵ݿʥŮվԱߵľһõĶôܹԼôûأοʹһҲûиģ
ɶʹһ廹и⡭ôأݿʥŮױ
һԵĿصҲǲĿףʹһ徹Ȼи  е̫˰ɣ  Цŵ˵˵һЩɣʹһ塢Ѫ廹ʹһĸɭ壬Ϊã
ɭ֪ǶʹһѪôܣǵʵ
ݿ֮࣬Ҳ̾һ
ʵϣݿ˵ʹһ嵱굹ǺܲӦѾûˡ
Ѫ壬Ӧö챻˰ɣ
ȷʹһѪûжô̽̽鱨ʲôĻǿԵġڸɭ壬ʱһĲЦŵ
ҵ˼ǡݿЩʵ
Цŵ·⼸طһʧ֮ʱ·
ԼûģҡݿƵĿס
һԵ΢΢ֵδѷڲ֮أҵǾȫ
ʵԭҲǺŵһˣֻΪа飬÷¶һ·ҲбҪġ
ðɣģ
ݿʵҲЩ֪ԼҪȥ  һĵǸλãʱʹһͳн̻Ҳˡ
ȻһֱҲЩΪʲôⰢ˻ٳٲ̻ʵı  ء׿ſЦŵ
ˣʲôԸһ׽ԼҲЦʵ
мҪȥ죬ҷĪЦŵ
һԸҲ̱ĵĵˣ˵ֻҪҿܹ쵽飬Ҿ岻ݴǣ
˵ֻܰ쵽ΪݱȽһЩ׵
ЩɻĿ׵ˣǡ
̻ʵǻ䵱죬Ҫһܹվֹ˵Ͻ̻֮λ׳
˸ȥˣ⡭⡭ⲻ
һ׵Ļûһϲⲻʮһ
Ҫ̽̽ϢʲôģԼУ
վʹ̻ʵǻʱʹһĭӶܹԼˣ
׿ſسİɣˣ㲻һӶѣҪȻݿʥŮôóȻĽĻ׵𣿡
ȻǸʱԼ  ŵĿǱ¶ͺռ尡
һʧܣ¶ͺռ彫ٲĵز  ׿ſؼİɣʱȻһˣ͡ʱһġ
ˣҡ͡һҲɫɷף  ׳ˣŵһ£æˣ
ݿɺȻ䷢֣׵İƺ⿨غ͡ȳʹⰢ˵Ļĵǳ氡
ллݿɿףг˸м֮飡  ΢΢ֵݿɣǵʱLMǼ
һȥݿɲĿס
ЦŵİɣֻҪ鷳Ȼڷַ֮ڸϵһˣһ͵Ĵ




1263ǰҵ
 

³һĽ̻ʵǻֻһҵʱ䡣
׾ڽϼգȻǰʹһأѾĵ֮пʼޣ  Ȼֻǰʵȴڶ龳ĸ֡
Ī̵Ϊ׵ˣʵѾﵽ˿ƿֲĵز
龳ĵѾֹͣǵĿľǹԼڵʵ
Щ۵ߣһѾܹΪ׵ұۣ׵Ϊο
ûΪ̵ĻƾĿǰӵеĸ֣ȥʹһҲǺȫˡ
֪˲࣬ݿʥŮһʤ㶼ûУ  ͬ۴ѧ
׼Լѧҵ˵ʵͬ۴ѧʵѾû̫ˡ
˵ѧУȻܺãѾԽԽࡣ
Դа֮ѾǸıԼ뷨
ľ¾Ҫаˣλɽڶ֣Ѿвˡ
׽磬Ȼͬ۴ѧѾԽˡ
ָ磬㡭ļٵİ־˳ַĿɿڴĿס
Ҫ֪һֱΪ׿϶Ҫѧģû뵽ָ羹ȻҪǰҵˡ
׿ֵܵôˣǺǣͷϵʵ̫ˣԡ
ָ磬ǡԺרϼֵԺӿɾ͡־˳̾һ
ʶ֮ǵҲǸı˺ܶࡣ
һ𣬻ˣ
ָǱϾһˣѾӣҲ΢΢һ̾
Цŵһúѧϰˣʱҵֱȥϼű
ָҪǰ־˳
װһ־˳ֵҶҪһҪɶֻǰҵ˶ѣֲʲô𡭡
Ҳ԰ָ磬ֲ𣡡ַҲЦŵ
һɣȥУǱȥһˣϾⶫ˵˶ǰɡ
ָ磬ֻҪһ仰УǱ߻׵ģַЦŵ
ţҹӦҲû̫谭ˣȹȥˣȵֵپۣЦ뿪ᡣ
ʵϣ߳һɲƺҲһЩ˸У  ͬ۴ѧõĻ䣬Ҫ뿪ѧУһ̣ƺЩᡣ
ѧУһһľԼδ֮ΪõĻ˰ɣ
ͬ۴ѧУң  ˿ڸһǱţȥЩŵĸо  Уоɵøһ
˵ǽڹϵϵζŵƽ  꿴Ŷŵƽоô˰ѧУĹ涨˵ô죿
Уֲǲ֪о⺢ӺҪǿģ˵ˣѾˣֻҪǰҵ
ŵƽųҲЩоֶŮΪڹϵĸ߲ʵһƷѧŵĺѧ
꿴Ŷŵƽ˵϶ŰоƷѧ֪ģֶŮҲ֪ǱϾһĿγûϣǰҵô°
У˵ôܹо⺢ǰҵŵƽʵ
ԭԼֶŮǰ˰ƱģҵӦȵġ
꿴Ŷŵƽ϶ŰȻ㻰˵ˣҲѻ˵˰ɣоҪǰҵҲûпܣֻҪͨ˽ҵԣһж˵
Уڷרҵ֪ʶоûʲôģҲ֪оϰҲҵøǿĽڹѧʿ̽Ľӣֻݺζѡ
ŵƽһ뵽ԼĸŵҲ΢΢ҡͷ
֪ǹڹרҵϸܱҵĻѧУ˰ȻҪǰҵȻеĿγ̶Ҫﵽ׼߲а
꿴Ŷŵƽ
Ҳûа취ҪӿĻǵʱǸѧҪҵͬ۴ѧҪҪˣ
ŵƽųЩ˵УҲ֪оĸױץĸԴһСôܰĵѧϰ뷨Ҳ˵ˣȥҸ׬ǮԼĸβ
˵϶ŰͲһ㰡ӻСƵĿŶŵƽ
Уֲǲ֪ѾͷķǳǿģŵƽƵ˵
ǿѲĸ׵ĲѾͷôеᰡ
У϶һֱҲû㣬⡭ŵƽЩơ
϶ţȰѶойɣһ˵ɣ
꿴ŶŵƽҲ̾һʵΪѶŵƽ
ŶŵƽҴҵ˳ȥҲ΢΢ҡͷæҪﰡֻÿʲôĻҪԵġ




1264¶о
 

оͬ۴ѧѧ  Ϊг˴£ҪǰҵϾѾ˽Ĵѧˡ
˭ҲԸһͷٶһɣ
ΪԼĶͬ۴ѧڹϵϵΣԶоҪͨŵƽԼǰҵ
ֻҪõ˱ҵ֤飬ʱȥźҹǣ
ʵϣоﲻѧУɼڣһһһĴŮ
ⳤֺãɼֲͬ۴ѧУϣҲλõġ
оͬ۴ѧУŮ֮һҲڹϵϵ
ʵֻҪԸĻҪȢؼҵҲвܶǮˡ
ֻоҪǿԸȥñ˵ǮȹԼѹصġ
С󣬶оﶼǷǳǿ˴ѧ֮ҲûùԼһǮ
ÿĽѧ𣬶ܶˡ
ֻڼ飬ЩѧҲԼ֮á
ûа취£о뵽ǰҵһţȻҲǷǳУ԰
ϾѾǴˣöһһ겢û̫⣡  ڹϵרҵ֪ʶѾȫգһЩоĿѾָơ
ϾԼݵżԼĸ׶ŵ֮ǰҲĳ֪ҵĸܲá
İ칫ң  ŵƽŶо˳İ칫ңʵȽϵȻ  УãǽڹϵĶооǵһĽӴͬ۴ѧУ
ȥҲǺܽŵģϾԼҪҵóУǩֵġ
꿴Ŷо΢΢һЦоﰡѾ˵ˣҲӦ֪ѧУѧУĹ涨
Уֻûԣʵûа취ĻǾ˰ɣҪѧһʱ򹤡
овֻһ׷˵ʵһˡ
ΪԼжһϵԲǰҵϣģʵûеĻҲǿġ
꿴ŶоЦŵоﰡҲû˵㲻ܽҵɣҪȻȿԿͨˣȻûжûͨĻ
УͨһŵƽųЩ˵
Ҫ˵һԵĶоѾǳУҪ˵ˣ˵Ҷ׵ģҲܹͨҵԵĻԼҲûھͽҵ˵ѧϰʵ
о㡭ŵƽû뵽ԼֶŮʵЩĸ
ʵӳĻѾóУ߸ѣϾÿ궼ýѧģͨһҲûж˻˵ġ
Ҳһ㶣һЦǽüúúãͬ۴ѧѧӾй϶ŰֶŮ˰
У㡭
ŵƽҲǿЦһУʵ̫ԲһЩڶûиһ׼ţ  о￴ԼĶҾóУ˵ǶԵģôܹΪһ˿ʷȺأҶΪϵöֱӽҵĻˣС˵ѧУѧǲΣ˽ǶԹҵĲΣ
ãͳо仰ҲҪЩɿˡ
оﲢ˽⣬ԭһֱΪоǿŶŵƽĹϵķˮġ
ԸղҪһŮŮʱľŮǳĲ
йав
ŮôҲܲʲôطȥģ  Գһֱڲžɿڣŵƽ˳ĻҲ΢΢һУѲĺܰ  ллУо￴ųҲΪĵ˵
ЦŵҪȻɣȻԵĿĿȽϵĶ࣬һһžͲҪˣô϶ŰҲܹ޶ˣҲ֪У쵼ô࣬ҪǴһﶼôһĻ˵У
УллҴҴȫҸл⣡ŵƽҲ֪ѾԼþˡ
϶ŰһʲôʵղҾҪƷѧŵĶоﵽʲôģһҺⰡͬ۴ѧѧӵİ
ҲǳŶо˴Ĵָ
ǳУ⿼ǲǾ찲ŰŵƽųЦŵ
˼һµɣҾܽУҲøоһ㸴ϰʱʱЩʦҲоиʲôġ
ллУŵƽһĻҲһЦ
ˣ
̸ʱſһ
ЩϵĶ
߽˵ʱҲǵɳˣԭһѾǿˣȡ֮Цݡ




1265²Ѷ
 

ͬ۴ѧУң  ʵĿֻһǾǸ˵һ£ԼҪҵˣ
ʵϾҪҵ֤ʵҲνġ
ҪһϾԺʱҲóǣ  Щűһѡ
С֣ôˣ
һףһӱ˼ǿǸԼѧ
˵ʵⱲӼĳ棬Ҳͬ۴ѧУˡ
Ϊͬ۴ѧУ죬ͬҲֿȵ
ⲻҪģҪͬ۴ѧһӴȫĵʮλȫĵλ
ʽĴȻ벻׵İˡ
񿴵ףôܲأ
׿ųֿ꣬˿һԵĶŵƽ˵Уãп˰ҪȻҵһ
һʲôλǽڹϵĶŵƽΣԱߵλѧ㣬ҲǽڹϵĴѧо
꿴ҲЦŽܵʵ֮ǰҹףҪѧУѧϯְ񣡣  ǳһֱûҵ׸ˣ˼æνˡ
ãѧã׿ŶŵƽͶоҲ΢΢һЦ
áŵƽ˵Щ֣ƽʱѧǼǲЦġ
ΪʲôǻһأѲݣֻͷܴ  Сְôпܵ˰ʾ¡
ŵƽЩԼôʱ䣬ҲûԼ£СӸֱӾµȨˣ
УϾУ˵ĻŵƽȻҲҪġ
֮ҲЦŵУмҪæġ
ʲô鰡꿴ôҲЦʵ
׿ųʵҲûʲôΪʵЩæǰҵ
ǰҵɴ۾ףһϴһô뵽ҵˣ
˼ҸҲںܹʶôţ˵ˣǳȥܶզΣ  꿴ЦŵûⰡʲôʱҪҵ֤飬ʲôʱ˵һ£ǩ㣡˵СְǲڿǿǣһҪѧϯء
УΪЩæµѧϯ£ҡ΢΢ֵ
ѧϯ  ְһѧҪģȴҪѹҲûʱȥʲôѧᣡ
ϵ̯ҲԽԽˣпȥЩ  úúãȻ˵ĻôˣСʲôʱҪҵ֤飿ҪҪĻȥ죿
ҲͶ֮ұ֮ˣ֮ǰװôæԼҲǳŵ˼ġ
Ȼˣ겢һñͨˣһٸÿԱҵ  ҪǳУĻǾڰɣЦŵ
ţ
оԽԽԾʲôʲô
һΪʲôһܹҵˣԼȴҪԣҲ̫ƽ˰ɣ  ûжԱȾû˺νѶ  ׹ҵҶԵĻOK˭˭ҵ  һһô˵仰ܹõҵ֤飿Ҳ̫ɶ˰ɣ  оԿó׾ûпԣûǰк
ҪȻҲķӦɣ  һӾͲƽ˺εºأܹóУ˵أ
оﲻľͷһӾˣ
һԵĶŵƽųҲɫЩѿУ⡭Ǵĵģ
ǴĵĻôþڸҵ֤飬ǰҲû˵  ΢΢ҡͷСǴһأѧУĹ׵ģԡ
Уʲô⹱ףҾþǶѧУйףҲҪֳƽְɣҲǹҵģҿҾĶԡǾҵǰȻö֮ľܹõҵ֤飬Ǵһ
оһıóУЩԼˣҪȻΪʲô˾Ϳأ
Ѳ˵ͷȽϵĴ󣿿ǸղųУԼҲ˵ˣΨпԲܹ  һЩˣղſЩûע⵽Ա߻λȴŲμӿԵء
׿ŶоЦŵ˵ѧ㣬ûбҪɣøҵ֤Ҳûʲô̫Ĺϵɣ
һһƾʲôܹõҵ֤飿ûè˭أ
оȻƷѧţỹǷǳ˽⣡  о仰һԵĶŵƽо񣡡
Ҳɫһ϶Űȴо߰ɣҪС̸飡
Уʲô˼ͬ۴ѧУҪҵ氵𣿡
оŭĿų꣬һԵҲǿЦһ
֪һҲûôˣ




1266һĶо
 

УңЩΣ  ҲЩ£ʵҲûа취Щûа취͵ġ
ôͬ۴ѧΪͬ۴ѧٰУ飬ʵ֪Ҳȼˡ
ҲԼģ鲻֪
Ҳ֪Щ鲻Զо˵ѾͷƢЩ̫ˡ
ŵƽһЩŭˣҲǸϽоȸߡ
ҲߣҽҪһͣһĽͣ
оȽϵᣬиоԼܵ˲ĴҪʡ
꿴ŶоСƷѧţ֪ʶѾˡҵҾǿˣ㹻˰ɣ
УоСЩ£
ŵƽʵҲͶоһ뷨·ʽͶоﲢһ
ϾϽˣ֪Ӧôȥ飡  ŭ˳УԺĹԼֶŮǰҵ϶һĺôûС
ղųУʵѾ˵ˣоǰҵûκεˡ
оԼŵƽ  ʱֹԼֶŮŸɡ
΢΢ͷ϶Űо߰ɣĽҵҾ찲žˣ
УҪ㰵ˣ
оüͷų꣬ɫҲѿ˼㡣
ЩЩ˵޷̵ģоˡ
ǶӣƷѧŵˣǵĲ˵ʲô
ɼôã궼ýѧ𣬿ɵͷȲһССĴһ
ԼļֵˣѲǮȨĿΪ
оŭĿףһͷĸʨһ㡣
׿ųЦŵУĲʱ򰡣ҪȻҹһɣ
С֣㲻ҪߣһͲˣҵ֤ҽ͸ùϾУҲһƢˡ
ȻҲ֪ʵԼôڶоﻹǲƽ
оУҪôĻΪһѧ޻˵ǽڹϵýѧˣҲұȲһһùѧùҿȥԣ
ѧ𣿡ҲΪΣƺûüԡ
ûùѧ𰡣㲻߳Ҳ֪ļʲôģ벻ǺǮǺȨҪȻУҲİɣ
оﲻмĿף˾һйϵߺŵˡ
׿ŶоȻֿ˿ʵУλŮǽڹϵĸ߲
СְʵоͬѧҲΪ飬Բǰҵġˣÿǰҵɡ
ҲǳʲôǷǣоմ׵Ĺˡ
ǶлУ˰׹ֵ
ҼԼҵ飬УΪʲôҪԣ֮ǰڿ˵ҪԵģΪʹȨ֮ţҶÿˣ
šͣ  о˿Щôζ棬ڿȥЩӲת䣬һĸо  ׿ŮһЩȤŮʵֱͦġ
㡭
һֱѪζоʵЩʶô
һԵĶŵƽŶоҲһоʲôУȻгУĵݲ˵ģ
УΣҵǾλѧ㻹Ǻܲģǹȱľָ˵滰ˣ𣿡׿ųͶŵƽ΢΢һЦ
ҲǿЦһСְ㿴ֵġ
ߣװʲô˰ΪҾͻῴ𣿡оЦһ
˵ѧ㣬ҪôܿأŶˣ֪ʲô飬ܹæĻҵǿ԰æ
׿ŶоҲ΢΢һЦ
СְоĸױץˣЩ̫ãԻ㵣һ°ŵƽҲǲ˼˵
˵ʵҲǿˣЩͬѰ
ƽʱʲôˣҲ֪ģǿǲЦϵĺܣǶôһѧ㣿  ⻹һμ  ˵ʲô˵˼ҵͷ϶һĴܹԼĴĻ⵹ʧΪһ°
ǺǣСְ˵оĸʶ϶˵Ǳݺġ꿴ҲЦŵ
һѧôʶŵƽ΢΢ҡͷ
׿ŶŵƽЦŵǺǣʶӦòܰɣӡ֮кûʶնŵ˰
Ұ֮ǰǻŵĸܲãһѧôʶأоҲ΢΢ҡͷ
ֵǴ˵˵ѧ㣬Ҫõҵ֤飬ҪȻǾУİɣһã
׿ŶоҲ΢΢һЦʵ




1267¶
 

оﰡȻСҲô˵ˣҳУҲͬˣҿô˰ɣģûģ
ŵƽоʲô۶ӳ֣ҲŵøϽ˵
оУȻҪҵǾ͵ÿԣԹȻǿԱҵ˵ģŴһ
Уɫѿ˼㣬ȻǲԼӰ  꿴һԵĶŵƽΣֶŮҪҪҵˣ
оŵƽҲЩŭȻҲˡ
оҲִ֮ˣҪ˵һԵװڰֵѧ㣬ôƫƫͶأƺҲûʲôɣȻ˵ĻУҵи飡
ҲΣŮʵЩۣ
ˣҲû  ֻǳˣ׻ðһλУ  꿴˵Ҳ΢΢һ̾С֣˵ɡ
Ȼѧ˵ִţҿһŰɣֻҪˣǾǹΣѧ㣬Ӧúܹƽ˰ɣĲȥôţ
׿ŶоﻹǴһЦݵ
о̧ͷ˿׵һţ㵹ǲһѲɾѧ˴ĵĿγĸϵİ
ĸϵҪ֪ѧǿһʲôأ׿Ŷо΢΢һЦʵ
ڹ㲻һϵİɣҺûм㰡
оҲǺ˵
ȻѧǿǽڹǾͿڹô׿Ŷо΢΢һЦȻҵķѧͣҴӴ˲ǰҵ飡
ãԭҲǽڹϵġо
С֣ǡ꿴ҲЩ죬оĸǽѧĲʿҳڵĸ߼ܲãСܵ׵Ѭգ⡭
Ŷû뵽ѧĸ׾Ȼĸ߼ܲãʧʧ׹ֵ
һᵽԼĸףоƺЩʹʵҪĸͻȻµĻԼҲӣ  оѾˣȻҪȽڹǾͱȺˣ˵Ļҡ
ѧ㻹ǲҪ׵½ˣװڰֵѧ˵ĻǿԴӦһ
ʲôоһһԼףҲʾʵ
ʲôǺǣȻҪӮ֮˵ɣ˵ĻҲ޴̸˲𣿡
׿Ŷо¶һ˿ŵЦݣ
ڹ鼮ԼҲǿܶ౾е֪ʶ˵ֱ練ƣ  оϾǸˣ׵ĸǰܷʲô˻  ˵ʲôоԼһĵһһ޸ѲԼļ޸һﲻɣ
װڰֵѧ㣬㹻ŵĻҾ㲻ӦðνһϰǲмһˣΪĿԺܴĻһԻ𣿡
оΪ𣿾ĻҪӮңҸ㣬ûĿԣ
һԵĶŵƽҲ΢΢һЦУСֻŰֶŮǺϤ
꿴ӣ֪һŵģ  껹ЩӲ˵˵϶ţΪֶŮӮˣ֪찡ҿСӮĸʾͺܴ
УҪȻҲģҼǵһ鷨
ŵƽ˶鷨Ϊƫʵڳ칫ҵ͹һֻ
ǳĺ͸ģ걾鷨ЭģʶһЩҲġ
ΪʲôһֻߣΪǳϲ
꿴Ŷŵƽ˵϶Ű㻹͸ҵأҵı񰡣Сӻǻʱ
УҲռˣӦҲ֪Ҳһ֣Ǿ³˫˭Ӯˣ˭ôŵƽΪŵ˵
ЩˣѾĸʵ̫˰
ŵƽƳһˣԼֶŮ˵Ƴ磬Ȼ֮
һ뵽˼֮ǰԼôһæҲôӶɣ  һҧһţ  꿴Ŷŵƽ϶Ű϶ţһ㲻ɣҾͶСӮ
ǺǣУͶζˣ˵ѧ㣬㲻˰ɣ׿ŶоЦʵ
㣡ľͶģҪˣҪɱҪϤ㣡
оҲŭˣһСӾȻԼѧԼҪ֪ڹϵ˭֪ÿοԶеһġ
Ҫûûв˵Ҫƾſȥõҵ֤ɣ
Ҫ֪ɲŴûнذ




1268Ϲɣ
 

ڣ
װڰ֣ŶоһģҲЩЦŵ
Цʲôо￴Щŭʵ
׿Ŷо˵ѧ㣬ҲЦѲҿް˵ˣҲûжʧҵ£
ţǾͿʼɣо
ôʼУ鷳ȥøԾʲôģ׿ųʵ
Цŵû⣡
һԵĶŵƽųЦŵǽڹϵϵΣҪȻȥɣ
ҲУСӿɱװ꿴ŶŵƽҲЩѵ˵
˵УҲ̫Ҷŵƽ˰ɣһмȥҾˣоҲӦ
ŵƽҲ֪ԼֶŮһ鹢ֱˣҲʼ
˵Ҳǣ
꿴ŶоԼܹȻҲ֪Ů˲ʲôǵĴˡ
ʮ֮
ݻīζԾѾ˹ŵƽҲǼҴҵ˹
ŵԾѡģУܹƽһЩ˰ɣŵƽųЦŵ
ֻҪôУҲνֻҪףӮҲˡ
ʵУǸѾŵƽˡ
ϾǼϵģϵĸһϵĸ߲Ƚڹ֪ʶʵЩ  Ȼ֪׵ôģɲôģѾעˣ
о  ղԼ˵ˣǿýѧѧԼﰡ
ܹͬ۴ѧÿ궼ýѧˣ˾ǲǵĴڰ
ʲô֣оﲢδʼԾǿס
ʵЩ㲻һΪʲôôأ
ѲͲ֪ôд𣿻Լ಻һԼ̣
ͬ۴ѧϵһѧܣף
׿Ŷоһ˿ζһЩŭ˶о  ϵģһϵľȻҴԲѵĸұȽڹ֪ʶʲôЦأУҲˡҲ۸һʲôҲѧܡ
оƺоԼʵ۸ˣһǼϵģһǴһ
ǽڹϵģҪԼȣҲǲܵ飡  οǼϵģһԣֱԼ  оúõôֲأǸֻûõذͱһȰҲܹҵ˰
ŵƽһԼֶŮȻ˵ˣЩһ˵
о￴Ŷŵƽһϵĸұȣ㲻ǸЦ𣿡
˵ѧ㣬ԼûоòƽǸʲôԸķ䣡иë˵ȥĻóȥˮ
׿ŶоЦŵŮĻޱȰȻԼˡ
Ѿˣ֪ϧ
о˼ҲҪҵģҪӮ˼ҵĻͲǰҵˡ
˵ˣһͲרҵģⲻ۸  ŵǲˣ  꿴ŶоΪǶϷ𣿼Ȼ˵ǾǱˣҪôһʼͱ˵
ǡо￴ųЩƵĻҪ˵Щʲô
һԵĶŵƽ϶ţڿʼҸÿһСʱʱ䣡
һСʱ˵УĿСʱİŵƽų
˵һСʱһСʱ˭ķߣ˭ӮСʱֶŮ氡
ƺҲЩˣסˡ
Ͼ˵ԼǵĻҪǵʱһʼͬоǰҵĻҲûôˡ
ԼԼһ鷳  ʼɣ
ŵƽÿ˷һ֧ʣҲǳ׺Ͷо￴˿  ܿ죬׺ͶоͶ뵽ս֮У  ˢˢˢ
±һ㣬˲ϵԾдʲôһԵĳͶŵƽҲǿЩĿɿڴ  Ϊ˵ٶȶޱȣȥƺҪȶоﻹҪϲ١
ĿҲ֪ûпѡѾˢˢˢˡ
˵УһﲻǻϹɰɣٶҲ̫˰ŵƽҲЩ㵵ʵ
һԵĳ꿴ŶŵƽһֶŮǺú˼СϹɣ˵⻤ҲҪô԰ɣ
Уҿɲ˼ҿವҾ͸о
ŵƽʵôΪģоٶڿѾǹˡ
һٶȱȶоҪһң  ʲô
ʮҵʱȥˣоѾһϵĿ
Ķͷ㺹죬ȻҲһЩѹģ  ׼дʲôطʱȴһĿɿڴ飡  ״˿Ѿ˱ʣȻһԿ  㡭㿴ҸʲôоԼױˣҲɫһʵ
׿Ŷо΢΢һЦѧ㣬ⶼˣȻһ𽻾




1269³УˣҰ
 

ˣôأ
оɴ۾ףü΢Ȼ׵Ļ
һԵĶŵƽŶооǱȵ˭ߣֲǱȵ˭ˣ
š
о΢΢ͷôȷأ
оȻֻһһ㣬Լǰٷ֮ȷġ
Դ֪ʶʵЩ٩ӣһ
ƽһԼ֮Уоһεͷʼ  ֹ˴Լʮӵʱ䣡  꿴˿Ȼ˰ɣ϶ţ
ţУǽˣ
ŵƽŵһЦΪղ΢ɨһ۶оԾĿȫԡ
꿴ż˵϶㻨ӵʱһ£ȿûĶоٷְɣ
оһȻԾݸ˶ŵƽ
ŵƽרҵ֪ʶҲǷǳǿ𰸾ǱĸԾ
Լҵʱ䣬ŵƽ΢΢һЦоﰡСʱԾһСʱȻܹ񣬺ܲ
ˣ
ҲЩ𾪵ĿŶоȷЩ˼鰡  һ˵ͬ۴ѧԾԱȽѵģСʱһ˵ܹѾǺܲˡ
ϾǳĴ󣬶ԾģǺ϶ҲǷǳĹġ
Գ֮ǰѹʱٶġ
ôҲû뵽оﾹȻˣҲ̫˰  һСʱʱ䣬һһĿ˼ҾȻ˰ٷ֮ʮңҼˣ  ˵˼Ҹûʱ临飬Ļȫ԰  רҵʵѧϰ棡  ҲĿ˿о΢΢һЦͬ۴ѧڹϵĸ߲ܲ
УҿһεʤӦѾǷֳ˰ɣŵƽųΪŵʵ
ЩĿŶŵƽ˵϶Ű˼СֶѾˣ㲻˵Щ̫𣿡
ʵϾûϣˡ
ѧԼоÿ꽱ѧĻߣ˼Ҳôһ㣬֪  һȻǿѹҲѧϰһ굽ͷûиʱѧУ
Ѳεˣܹó
ںȫˣҪϹɵĻǿɲ԰  רҵ̫ǿɾܹɹصģ
ǣô̵ʱڶˣҲСͬѧϹɵı°ŵƽ׺ٺһЦ
һԵĶоҲЩ΢΢Ŀףղ׵ıƴԼѾǷӵ˼ˡ
һСʱʱͼˣоҲǷǳĿģ  СҲһ°ɡҲε˵
׽Ծݸ˶ŵƽŵƽӹԾҲ׼սپĸԾ
ŵƽԾԭŵӽʧˣԽԽ󣬿ȥΪľ㵡
⡭⡭
ŵƽͨͨţһǰδеѹļ䣡
оԼҪгˣղɨһǰѡ⣬Ȼһⲻ
ʲô  Ҫ֪ѡȻռȲߣҲʮְ
¿Խ¿ԽľսΪûз˼κεĴ󣡣  ˵κεģ覴ã  ôˣо￴ŶŵƽӣҲһãȻ
꿴ŶŵƽСֱͲǽڹϵҵģԾһЩʵҲģôɶ
ǡУŵƽǽһ
ҪǶһЩҲ˵ʲôˣһĸ׼𰸼һģһ  öŵƽܲ˵ǣ˼Ҿͻʮӵʱ䰡
ʮӣʲô  ѧԶоһСʱոռ˼ʮѾǿ֣
ȻˣҪǿ۷ֵĻҲǲԣǶŵƽҲ飡  ʲôǲǵİ϶ţ֪Сһʱˣ߰ɣ
ȻҶģȻҲѾ׼  ˵һֻȻ󣬿ƷӵҪ
ˣǾԸķ䣬ֻȻҪŵƽˡ
һȷǷǲҪȻһϼ¼֮ôôĿأ  УЦˣŰɡ
ŵƽҲһƣⲻǸԼһʵôǿóӦ֪ˡ
ŵƽǽһڰ֪СӾȻôǿ˵ʲôҲĵİ  ϶ţǸʲôԸķ䰡꿴ŶŵƽԴǵ˵
˵УˣҰ
ŵƽˣУҲ̫ص˰Լˣת  ѾȲʤȯˣȻ߸ԼЦ




1270
 

İ칫ң  մ˿Щ죬꿴ŶŵƽӣҲЩ㵣  һ˵ɶأʲôԼˣ
һѲǵ˱ԣҲ̫һɣ
һԵĶооһ˿ĲԼĶôһأ
Ѳһ￼ıԼҪôһ㣿ĻǶ˰
һ뵽ղһôŵЦݣЩԾĵ
û˵˵϶ŰСӸʲôأ
УҸӣԭСֺǰһΪҵ˸ʲôأԭ˸ҸֶŮ
ŵƽɥʵЩ
һԵĶо￴ԼĶ˼ıһҪߡһ㣿
һ㣿ҪǸһҲͲô˵ˣŵƽƵ˵
ȻǸһ㣬Ǿǵһˣ⺿ɥʲô
һʼΪԼӮˣҪһŵƽĻһ  ŵƽų˵У˵ĲǸһ㣬Ǹߺܶ࣡֡ͬѧȻ֣
ۣ
ոն׼һڵĲ裬һȫ˵ذϣ  ɶɶ⣿֣
ˣг˲ŵɫôأ
ǸоСʱʱ䣬ֻҲǲܰ  Ͼ⣬Ŀһ㶼ɷӵģôأ
оһ˶ŵƽеԾԿƮݵѾЩɵǴ𰸵ʱҲˡ
⡭ôܣоɫһףһдĵ̫ˣ
һʵ̫˰Ȼ֣оǣ˼ҽʮӵʱ䣡  ʲô  û뵽龹Ȼķ·ת˹һЦٺ٣Ӧ뵽Сⷽ츳
У佱ˣҿʱĵİöѣҶڽڹҲȤģ
⻰˵ĶооԼ޵ˡ
Լǿѧϰ꣬ڿҿҵ֣ڼԼ׵ָڵӡ
˼ֻǿʱ俴ѾǳԽԼԼ  һﻹ𣿶оҪһӵʲôģ  ҷˣС֣Ҽţѧû֮һ
ŵƽ۷ǳĸߣ˿϶Ǹ˲ţ
˼ֻЩãܹСͣԽڹϵѧⲻʲôأ
װڰֵãã
Сְܱҵˣ϶ܱҵ˰ŵƽĴָķڷУʹ㣡
϶Űҿɾȴ֮˰
ҲãԭΪԼ϶Ҫ˵ģлһЩЩĲᡣ
ڿԼǵû䣬һ֣ôܲأ  ׿ŶоЦŵѧ㣬ǲҲӦ̸̸ǵ˰
㡭ʲôҸ㣬ˣҿԴӦһҪʲôǷ֮ĻǡǾԲܣ
оЩŮһĿףг˽䱸֮ɫ
һԵĳһֵ˵оﰡҪСҪ޸Ļĸְ
ʵҲ֪˼˶ҪˣҲ˵˼Ҷǳˡ
˵öо޸ף궼жôˡ
˲Ů˲ô껹Ƕá
ο˲֪׵ʵ֪׵ʵġ
˼ʶôţˣоĸ׶ŵ˼СֵĸǰҲСһ׮
˵ģ˼СеǮ  ŵΪǮȥģֻҪ㹻ǮծĻܿͻᱻųˡ
Уʲô˼оЩŭĿųꡣ
һԵĶŵƽİɣֶŮأСȻ츳ҪʲôǷ֮룬ҿɵһĹ
׿Ŷо΢΢һЦ˵ѧ㣬Ҿ˰ֳ֮Σ飬ҿɲ
˭֪ʲô˰ֲʶ㣡о
һȻѧ㣬ӸղͳУĶԻȻڴԾҾһ˲ţ
Ǽû£оΪˣĻЩж
һǲƿԣҲһС
ɼˣҲǲܳԼ˵ģ
Ǻǣҵû˼Ҿ˵˵ҵɣϣѧΪҹΣ
׿Ŷо¶һ˿Ц⣬Ů΢Ȼǿɿõġ




1271¶оĸ
 

оסˣŵƽסˣ  һԵĳҲסˣΪ׹ƺ֪һЩ׵飡
ûô𾪣һԵĶоͶŵƽоһĲ˼飡
һﵽôģ
Ϊ㹤оһ˵ʲô֪ôĻ
ǵ˼˵֮˶ڵ  Цŵѧ㣬㲻᲻سŵɣ
˵Сְô׼˾ˣŵƽž㵵ʵ
һԵĶоҲǿ׵ǰ㿪˾
Ǵ㣬ҵĹ˾Ѿ˿һˣǺǣЦŵ
Ŷû뵽СᣬȻʼԼҵˣŵƽĴָ
ף㡭Ϊ㹤Ըķ䣡ɾΪ˹ҡҲҪùʵġ
о￴ףһҪװ׵ĿĻɲɣ
ڶоȱľǮˣ취ȥǮԼĸײܹ
ܹΪԼĸ׻ծԼĸճ
ΪʲôǰҵһԭҲΨһһԭ
˵ʵ׸ܹ˶о»
ѧ㣬ĪΪǻʲɣ΢΢һЦΪҹΪҾǸ֮š
ŵƽ׵С֣оһЩ״ұǴҸġȻˣСҲԸṩһĻᣬҾͲ˵ʲôˣ
Ҹղ˵һЩѧһ״ҵǶѧĸ׸ȤڹϵĲʿ
׿ŶоҲ΢΢һЦʵҪ֪ռܲѾǽ硣
ԭǴڲһܲõѡϼܹ˴ε˻ûС
ռܲԼģҪѡһְҵˡ
ǽڹϵĲʿĻǾÿԳһ
ҲȥѰܲõѡϼȴҲܹûܲõѡ  Щ죬ϼźܶѾǲתˡ
ҪԼҵ֮ڰ飬ˣлĻԸ⿴оĸס
ܹŮĸף˵һ㣬ļҽ̷ǳĲ
⣬оĶŵƽͬ۴ѧڹϵΣһҿɶǸڵİ  ŵƽ΢΢һ̾ǰС֣ΪֱҹǳĲ֮ǰڻŵθܲãСӦҲ˵İɣ
ţһû˵ʼ
ŵƽЩҭˣһԵĳЦŵСְſǽ󰡣
󣿸ʲôİʵ
ǺǣװҵģҪרʽ֣ģǳĴĿǰȫ֪̳ʲô涼Ǻܶҵר꣬Ҽ۸񲻷ƣ
꿴΢΢һЦʵ
װģȻܹɽ󣬿ʵǺܲİҲ΢΢ͷ
̫صˣʵӢFGŵӹ˾һоĸҲΪǵĵ
ŵƽ΢΢ҡͷҪ˵Ҳǳ˸ưͿ
ô°ʵڶоĸ׻ǺܸȤġ
FG׼׻ģȻչһҹ˾˾ķ˹ҵľҴ֣ԭչҹ˾ʱ򣬻Ϊ˱һЩ鷳Ҵ˵չʵϱɻſعɣǡ
ŵƽ˵˵ţоЩ˵ȥˣԼǸ  һԵĳչ˾ڽΣƲˣծʵ̫̫ߣǰͶļǧԪչѾʲծҪ˾ҪвڵĴԻŷˡ
ˣʲô˼üͷʵ
˵Ǿóһʵ̫ˣԸչǧҲԸóһڳ
ŵƽ΢΢һ̾ʵҵĽǶô޿ɺǵġ
Ϊŵ˽½׵ģȻߵġ
ſԲʣҲôԼĸܲðɣ  Ҳ΢΢ҡͷ˾ΪΪʲôҪ˵ͷأ
ʵҴڻŵΣϾҴǱ߸ʮˣһ·ӵײԱɵĸ߼ܲá
ŵƽЩŭδ˵
һڶܲ񱻾ץˣ
ǰǷôǮⷿӡӴûˣһôծ񡣿ȴԸΪ˳ͷŵƽ
ǿȥ棬Ҳûκεð΢΢һЦ
㻹Цо￴׾ȻЦҲһ
ѧ㣬ҵ㿼ǵôˣһεתƻʵ




1272ع
 

ߣҶ˵ˣԸķ䣡
о￴ЦݣڿԼıˣһӾͲˡ
׿ŶоǾô˰
ţ˵Ըķ䣬ҪһıϰɣΪ㹤Ҳ˵һ°ɣѲҸ㹤һӣ
оû˵һѲΪһԼԼһˣ  Ȼǲܵ鰡  һԵĶŵƽǰС֣Ȼоṩ˰Ըķ䣡޺нҲÿһЩɣ
ǵȻѧôܿأ׺ٺһЦ
оһۣѾûпӣʵôǿȻ߸Լڿӡ
ڵĶоȻҲ֪ױǿǲһ㣬ǵһĲࡣ
ɣнʮôϾѧոձҵҲҪҹ˾гȵһܣ
׿Ŷо΢΢һЦʵ
塭ʮ򣿱һߣŵƽͳĿס
ǶŵƽԭΪ׻߰
ʮû
ǿʮ򰡣˵Ͻڹҵеϵˮƽˡ
Ҫ֪оһѧʵһѧһҪǰҵѧ
һʮнǲ̫ˣ  ڶŵƽֱǿŵĲܹڿˣȫĳԤڰ  һԵĶоǵɴ۾׵㡭ղ˵٣
ʮ򣡡
һεȷϵʵϼܲ˵неƫµİɣ  ϼŵĸ߹нɶǰϣеѾǧˡ
ܲĻһ꼸ǧ򻹲Цеģ  ֻܲλ֮ǰռܲεģռܲûҪ׶ٵǮҲû̸н
ҪѰϵܲˣ⵽ʱ¾Ҫ̸ˡ
ȻˣֻҪ׸оĻǮ˵ν顣
㡭㵽Ǹʲôİ⹫˾˲һ꣬Ȼ
оо׾Ǹһ㣬ҪǷӵĻôܸԼôߵнأ
ЦŵôˣѧԼֵôΣϰľֵֵģ
һгܾܹӵôߵнҪȥǹ˾쵼ô
оڶʼЩˣ״̬ҲǷǳĿġ
Цŵǲ㵣ģ㹻ĻʱгܼĻʱнֹʮ򣿡
СְˡҲ仰㡭ɶ˾ôߵнҪôߵĻǻǼͷ𣿡
ŵƽףʵЩ氡  ЦŵҲ֪֪СǺţһˡ֮ǰͬ۴ѧУᣬɾСһֲٰİ
ʲô⡭ôܣŵƽӶˡ
ͬ۴ѧУ죬ǿ˵ͬ۴ѧʷһУ찡
Ӣ׵ӺˣԲһܹĳİ
ʵܶ˶ڲ²⣬ʲôܹôӡ
͵ȻףŵƽСҲǸоҪˣ
һԵĶо￴𾪵ʵǡЩ˶ģ
ǺǣѰæֲǮЦŵ
Ѱæôţо￴ʵ
һԵĶŵƽСְ㵽ǿʲô˾
ױƷΪģ֮ǰոHKУǺǣ׿ŶŵƽЦŵ
ϼţ
ŵƽɫһ䣬֮ǰ䶯ȫоϼŵС
Ҳֻϼ˴ֱܹ붯ЩˣҪ֪һУĹľϻױƷ
ټǰС֣һоһѣΣ
û뵽ȫϼţȻͬ۴ѧһѧģҪĻͬ۴ѧȻ䶯ȫ򰡣  ǺǣοҲ֪ҵĹ˾Цŵ
֡ϼŵˣоԭЩɫһӱù˺ܶࡣ
ϼţھֿȵļŰ  ܶڹϵ˶űҵȥϼǱʲôҵλҪĶҵ
оôҲû뵽ǰ˾ȻϼŵܣĿⶼЩˡ
׿Ŷоѧ㣬ô˰ȵҴȥתһȦΣ
úúãллܡоҲǹ
׿Ŷо㸸ڹҪȻȥ
ܣҪȥҸףоһ
Цŵţȥô£ϾˣҳУͶζúְܲҵˣȻҲЩȤģ
ܣȾҼҴɣˣԺţŵƽһ׵ĻҲЩݺᡭ




1273¶ŵ
 

ĳ
ŵһ˱һƽļ棬˿Ҳһİûڣ
û뵽ԼҳôʱĹ˾ȻԼһ
ΪһڣǾȻԼ
Ҫ֪ЩŵΪźֹһڵ󰡣
ֻʱҵһչ¶ŵģŵһУԼźӶ֪ôˣ
ŵ
洫һȥΪϣ  ŵˣҲɻʵ𣿡
Ҫ㣬㣬ֻӵʱ䣡ǸƷӿŶŵ
ң
ŵЩ㵣Ͻ˳ȥ
ܿ죬ŵ棬ˣҲǱһᣬˮ
硭
ŵƽԼĴ磬ҲЩʵ˵
֣ܿˡо￴ԼĸףҲЩ˵
оֶԲ谡ŵ˿Ҳһİûڡ
ʱӦŵҲûкһϵеˡ
ʵΪΣĻѾԼûκεĹϵˡ
ƫƫôɺϵʱ淢ɺϵ飡  žԼԼһ˶еծġ
֣˵ˣԶҵĽо￴Լĸ׳˵
׿˵˵ǾͲҪ߽˰ɣʶ⡭
λǡŵʵ
װڰֵ˭ھ㼸⣬شҾˣ
㡭ʰɡŵҲ֪ʱȣҲûκεԥ
׿Ŷŵһεǻݺǰɣ
ǰɣŵ̾һ
һһҵĻ˽𣿡
˽ǺǣκһҵǲܵģܹԵĹƽԵĹƽÿ˿ﲻһľҲһһ㣬ֻҪ𺦹˾漴ɣ
ŵھӪҲԼ뷨һ׵ģֻһֱǸܲãûͳȫֹ
Цһ˵ǵͦи԰˵ĵҲģʶڳȥ㻹зĻ𣿡
ȻУλСֵʵĻҲ֪ʲô˼ҶŵһԷˣοΪҵźͺӣҲᶫɽġֻڿûˡ
ŵʵҲ֪һڣ̫ˣ
ԼʮεĻǵȵȥʮˣʱ׳־  һô
⡭ǣŵоԼڼ棬һ㣬Щˡ
һﵽ˭  һԵĶŵƽԼĴ磬㻰˵ˣ
ܣǺǣĪҪңŵʵ
ô֪Ҫ㣿׿ŶŵЦʵ
ҿĳҶЩŮҲһЩΣ˵ǿ϶ǿϣҵҲǹҵ񷿼ģһ
ŵķѾ˵һе⡣
ܲڼ滹ֱܹģʵѵõĺܰҲĴָ
ܣʲô˵ɡŵҲ侲ʵ
ûʲôҾǹôǻȳȥ˵ɣЦŵ
ȥڿɳȥŵ΢΢ҡͷ
ʲô
һԿŶŵλҲǳʵҲ֪ŵ飬ȻΪͬ飬ɱϾְڣ  ЦŵţǺǣ֪߿ԽɱͽȻȳȥģ֪ıͽҪǮ
ͽ𣿡
ǸҲһ㶣ҪܹıͽĻȷǿԳȥġ
ǰѲû涨ˣҼǵúеİɣЦʵ
λһ涨ģǶΪǷծʵ̫ˣⱣͽҲ൱Ĵ󣡡ʼ
ĻӦҲһĿİɣʵ
ȻҪ֪ĻҾ͸ǺˣҪıͽ𣬶ڹ涨ʱڣûаеǷϵĻʱ򻹵á
˿ףǹ涨Ҳûκεİ취
ЦŵȫĻǶǲھͿԳȥ˰
ȻҲЦŵ
ҪĿĻѾǿԵˣҶŵҲûʽأڻһڡ
ｻǮ׿ʵЦŵ̴绰еϵ
ԼһСʱ֮󣬼еѾߣ




1274ˣǻ绪
 

˭Ǵĵ绰
Ǹӣ˽Ǵ󸹱˿Ҳһƣ
ã˼Ҵĵ绰׿Ǹӳ
һ£һԵһ˳λǽŴ绪Ρ
ʵ绪ŴһζѣȻˣںְܶλѾǷǳĸˡ
绪Źǻʲô鰡һ쵽ĿǺæѽͷ󺹵˵ǡ
绪˿׿ʼıݣ
ǻǮҲøһ˵ֱ˵˵
ǣǮŵǮ֪ǷжǮ𣿡绪
Ȼ⣬Ȼ֪Ƿ˶Ǯ׿绪һǻҲЦһ
Ǯ԰绪һ㻹𣡣
ξ˼ʾһϰҶ˵˻ǮˣҲ
ߣСӣǮͻǮŸʲôΪǮûˣҸ㣬ֻҪǲߣͬ
绪
Ҫôأ׿绪
ûô죬ǼԶܹҲװ绪һת
ǰܹһˣǴ㻹ǮһеĹԱױǿ׳ʵ
ǸҲһЩҵ̬˺ʧ
׿⼸˻ҳÿҪǵ졣
һԵĶŵƽ̵ǸСְǶһ²һ£ǹҲȷడ
ŵƽ֪ЩλıҲûа취飡  Լܲܳڱ˵ϣҪĸ˹ȥĻǻǲŪ  £һжûС
Ҫ̬ȺһĻ˵׼ҲͲǼƽأ
绪Цһĸ˾İôţҸ㣬ҪǸҿͿĻãҪȻԲ˶𣿡
֮ǰǸҲǵܲܳҪǵɫϾǷǵǮһ̰ɣ
ҳԲ˶ߣһЩţǷǵǮˣѲ㻹Ҫʲôôɣ
㡭ƲԳԷǰɣߣ
绪ıӶˣЩһһûа
ǷôǮΪǮˣ
绪С˼Ķ࣬˲Ҵ̰ȴϲõô
ʲô̺þưǱģ  绪˶̾ƻǳϲãʱóҲˣúȵҲˡ
Ҳ㲻ʲô̰۸ܰɣ
û뵽ļһﾹȻǸͷࡣ
ΣС᲻Ȼ˼ҪǮǲҲҿ˼ҰǮˣѶܷųȥ˰
ǸҲǸϽԲϾе˱ȽϵǿƣŴ
δ򽻵ҲһˣҲ֪ʲôԡ
ȴҲЩûа취ҪĹ¹쵹Ǻˣɾһ飬ϼ¡
ܿĻǶŵ  Ӣ˵Ҫõġ
绪СӽҪǸҵǸҵǿԿǿǣҪǸôᣬ绪ҲŴġǮ˲𰡣ӼǮ붼룡
С֣㿴⡭
ŵƽһԼתղ˵ҪǮʱҲһļ
ȳ˵ˣǶ˵ˡ
û뵽˻ǳ۶ӣ绪ŵȷˣ˼СĻеǷӦø˲ǰ
ʱе˾Ȼżˣ⵽ǹҵ飬˽˵Ļ¾Բһ̬ˡ
Ʊ˰Լܲܳջǿ˲а  ׿ŶŵƽÿҪˣһأҸ㣬ҪǸ߳ţŲӽй
׿ɲЩһ⼸мÿ춼ﲻϼŴ
ϼǳĲǮоϲǮЩǮҵΪȽϵס
ϼ˵ԴҪǲ˵ǿϧˣ
Ҫ绪֪׵ݵĻ¿žͰˣϧһﲢ֪׵ݣҿѹҲûз  ԭΪ˻ͦˣû뵽ëûгȫСӾȻҸӵţ绪վߣۿôҴӽиϳȥġ
绪ҲһиԵˣ׵Լͬºô˵棬Ȼ˵ĲԼӡ
̣һȻ˵ĲҪĻԼҲøˣ  ŵҪȥ𣿽绪ҪСӺˣ󵽵ǮǽǮ  оＱĶˣһж˼ֶУҲûа취
װڰʾоﲻҪ˵绪ɫ΢΢һȻҪҾ͸㿴ˡ




1275¿ˮ
 

˿̣Щţ  绪˶ĿףһԵĶŵƽҲǽѣ  оﶼѾǿˣϾ¹Լܲܳ⡣
ԭѾǴԼĸ׻ˣȻ֪Ŀĵʲô
绪Ǽ׵Ѫԡ
ȻоҲһˣǳϣܹһ̡
Σҿ˰ɣαظһСһʶأ绪ҲȰο
ʵղ˿׸ŵ̸ЦӣҲǸоͷС
ҲֻǸоѣ֪˵ʲôͷ  ˼ӣӦûǿԵġ
绪СϰûйϵС۲ʶ̩ɽ绪ͽ̽úˣ
ǣСôΪǮ˾ûˣЦ
ǰСӵΣԺҪкӹ
֪Сӵ·ɣֻҪǹ˾ǽĻ϶ǳԲ˶ߡ
Ҫϰ֪߸ţĻⷹҪ˰ɣ
һԼеԱ绪Ƕָʹĳ˽
ǵĿֻһǾΪǶͷ˾绪ƨ
ĵλҪʲôģֺ쵼ǻûġ
ǽȴˣǺ۸ģ  ֻ˲֪׵ݣ
绪ͳֻЦһôû绰˰ҪȻҰгĵ绰㰡
һԵĶŵҲǳСǰɣҲҵģвǺ£ҿǸεǸɣ
ײδˣϻԼǲèǰɣ
ֺȺ֮Ҳ⻨һЩʱһһ
ιҿ𣿡׵ĵ绰˲񲿵ܼҿ
ҿڿᣬԭҪ绰ģǵ׵ĵ绰ŵվˡ
һԲ񲿵Щ˿ҿӣҲǲ֪绰˭ģ  ҿһ֮˶Щĸо  ³ôԴ绰ҿ׼һףҲû֮ǰϡ
׵ܼ࣬Ǳ߸ûҵ
еиǹ˾ҵģֶҿ
ʲôҵʵ
ҿҵʻǷǳĲģ̵ԭ֮ǰеҵȽϵ٣ΪϸгĹϵǵҵϵĿǰڽеĴѾﵽңϸ¿ʼڽдһʼֵʮڵĴ
ҲǺܶడ׳
³⡭ǲֻ࣬ϼ˵ǲ࣬Խ˵Ǿһĳͻˣ
ҿ̵⻹ࣿҿԼоҪˡ
˵ΪϣҲܴӽдģΪֶĹϵǳĽ
˵ֶĸҿҲֺһ׵Ϊˡ
ԭΪ׻ʲôģû뵽ֶȻ˵̫ˣ˱˰
ɣýеĸ˸һXXһˡ
׳֮з·˵ʲôһ㣡  ҿ֮ҵ̹绰ϵегȥˡ
׹绰Ȼ绪Ǿ͵һɣһҿ㻹ЦóЦ
װβǰɣǰгйΣҸ㣬ͳС̬ȣҵҪܰô
绪ΪŴΣСҲǸɲ
ʵǽгˣһֱǸĳλгһġ
ʵǰһʶλгأ
ĺȻҲ˵ģ  ˵ˣˣ˼һΪĳҵСආŴΣ
ȻǾԲܵ飡
׿绪ϣһ컹ôӲҪǲӽйԼʰʰסˣ
ŵƽԭЩţȻһ飡  ǿϼŵ˰Ȼ֪ϼŸɶģǿȥӦҲ˵ϻ˰  ҪȻΪʲô˵оȥأŪöпϼŵĹɶ  ҪķѵĻǰ绪ĲһöԸ  һ˿ĵǣϾֵλǲܹ׵ġ
úúãҵţСӣҽ컹Ͳаˣٺ٣
绪һ¿ˮ̵ӣ˭ĵؽϣССҵ˭ҪһӰ
ǰһǸӯλΣϰԸΪһԼ  绪Ȼ̣ҪȻôôأ




1276ϰ
 

һСʱ֮󣡣
˶ŵ֮⣬˶뵽˻֮ڣ  ϾЩ˶ЩͷģȻҲǲҵˡ
绪˵ݻǱȽϵĲģʲõ  ֨  ҵűƿˣ߽ˣ绪һˣվ
ȻҲסˣȻղ˵гҲ£  ڿԼгˣҲ鰡  û뵽СܹгˣǺأ
С
绪һǰ֮ˣ̴ɳվȫȻû˸ղŵְ  죬ԭJʡегոյ뽨вҵʱ䣡
ΣҲ߰
гǹӵģ֮ǰŵĶŵչ깫˾깫˾ǷһڵĴ
绪Ȼ治죬Ҫİ  ͷ֪ˣ
гǰɣ׿΢΢һЦʵ
ҿ׼кǱ׵ֹˣʵղҿʱ򣬾˵гXXе飡
ʲô˶ҿҲ֪׵ĸԡ
Ȼ֪ĻҲ˵ߴҲͽˡ
ϼǽеҪͻոߣҪͻԼ˵Ļɾǧˡ
ǲԸ⣬ҲҪ  ԭҲܲҿӣýҿϼĲܼ档
ǣһᣬҲ֪˲òĵ
׿гȱ˭еİɣ
ǵģŴĸ绪ͬ־
Ȼ绪Լһ·ӵˣǱϾԼµˣȻҲҪһ¡
֪Ǹɶأ  Цŵгôţ棬֪ô
ţ棿ЩĿףȻôˣ
ղ˵ĶŵİӣŵѣҪǮȻѶܸŪгȴҪǵǮ̬ȼΪĶӡƺҪô˼
⻰˵Ĳ᲻أĶпɾͲôˡ
쿴绪绪̵г˵Ǹӵģ׼ġֻһ̬ȶӣҲ
̬ȶӣǺǣǻɣȻĲҪǮǾͲˣЦһ
Ļһû⡭
һԵҿ绪˵Σ㻹ǹţİ
˭
绪ʶҿϾҿĽɫһ㶼еţǱ
˭ҲûжĹϵҪǽôţĻҿҪǿǷڸǽкˣ
ҿĻֶ̲ѾƪˣȻˡ
Ѳֶǰ棿ҪĻҪЩ˸ʲôأ
˵ǲвʶ˵ˣ˽ľ𣿡绪ЩƵ˵
񣡣תҿܼ࣬ǶԲ𰡣Ц˰
ҿЦҪɱǶ³Цҿ
ֶҲҪ쿴ҿʵ
ҿ΢΢ҡͷгһܵô
ֻҪǮһλ̰죡ЦЦȻǮλܼݣֻҪ˵仰ʱܿȻȥ
гȻǸˣǺǣ˲ʶʱ񣬶ҾȻÿҪҾڽУǸĨڰ
ҿ죬˵ǿƣΪԼϰŭˣ
쿴ҿЩΪѵ˵ܼ࣬⡭αϾевɲȥ
ɣǹ˾Ǳ߻һЩʹɣԭǶ³˼Ҫģڿֻܹ˰
ҿ죬ɲгʲô취
Ǹһ˶³Ǿ
ܼ࣬ǡһҿôúõľͷŭأ  ǸˣȻ뵽һ⣡  ҿԼֲ˵ʲô飬ͻȻͳ绪ѣ  ϶ʲôԼǲ֪ģ
ղŸԼ绪˵ֻһǾǶǸӡ
ĪͷǳĴֻϼŸ߲Ķӣ
һ뵽ߣȻЩȻҿĶǡǸǹ˾ġ
ҿгȻǺҵϰ壡
Ŀɿڴ
һԴҲϰ壿оһĶ°




1277ɵ绪
 

Ż˭Ϊ绪Żİ
绪һļһȻѹԼҲŭˡ
Ҫ֪ڽҲʸˣ˭Ҷ  ҪǶĻñ˺
绪̵ľԼʸ񣬾˿ҲǿͿġ
Щ˾ȻҪԼˣʲôЦʲôλ˵Ϳˣ
ǲԺ󴫳ȥŴĸ飿  гҾһҪ󣬽ǽйȥеҵ̸
׿Ҳǳ֪ݣǸǲҵ  ֮ǰֻΪĳλϼŵĸ߲ĶӶѣ
ڿ˼ҿɲʲôֶ߲˼Ǿϰ尡  ҲΪʲôղҿ˵ʱһ𾪵ԭ
ֶ嶯ҡҽȥٿ飬ٿ
Ҳ֪绪ף
һϼŴӽгʵĻǵʱǽп¾ͲŪˡ
ҪǵʱεгЩгһҲܲˡ
ⲻһϼŲǺ⣬ӦǷǳĿֲġ
гҷʲô󰡣ƾһ֮ʣ˵ˣͲǽѲȱôС˾͵ˣ
绪쾹Ȼ˱ϥҲһķȻ
쵽׼ûм氡㱻һС˾Żһ¾ˣ
һﵽǴСطİĻ٣
С˾ҼϼС˾Ұ绪ΪǸʲôʲô񣿾ΪʸҸ㣬㱻ˣ
û뵽绪Ȼڲϵǰλϼ˵в
֡ϼţ
绪ǰ˶סˣֻͷϣԸûпôࡣ
ǰƺѾǿ˺ܶĶ
ϾǿгֻһڵС˾˼ôܷأ  ϼǾͲһˣǿǳ˾
ֶĶԲû뵽е˸ôĲ㣡״к
ûû£ʵûʲô飬Ҫˣǻʲôľû˼ˡ׿Ҳ΢΢ֵ
쿴绪Ǽ˵ǼŸʲôϽֶˣ
׶ҿܼ࣬깫˾һ°ɣ
ֶİɣ̰ҿ
ţǶǲǿȴأת˿ǸѾЩĿɿڴʵ
ʵСϵҲû뵽˵ͷô
ϼţڿɲһôļˣһνΣ˼ҿӢҵ
ҪϼŵĻ˵HKĹб̶пܵģ  ҵѲɲ֪ȥ  СϿ̵̴ֶ绰쵼㱨һ£һͺã
СϺܿȥҲǴЦݣ
ȥԼ쵼˵֮󣬿쵼һϼŵϰǮѾˣгҲѾͬ⳷ˣ
˼Ҷⲻû𣿼ȻûµĻҲֵ˳ˮˣ
ֶѾˣʱˡ
С϶׻ǷǳĹģȻ˰˸Ҳš
׺гС֣ȻлλİæллˣǶǾȴߣԺлٻᣡ
Ҳǰ׸˳ȥȻų뿪ˡ
ŵƽһԵĶоЩĿɿڴĿһУ  ȻϼŵĶ³⡭ôܣоԼĸ׻жվһ顣
лŨŨ֮ɫ֮ǰҲΪһżٹļһ
˾Ȼ˵Ƕ³һ
ŵƽҲ΢΢һ̾Ҳû뵽ôᾹȻôһ˾Ķ³ôİֲá
ֲʲôŵŶŵƽҲʵ
ֲ֮ǰͬ۴ѧУܹ˵ķˮڿһжԽˡϼŵܣȦ˭ҪӰɡ
ŵƽҲǲסҡͷȻЩҲҪʱġ
⡭ϼŵϰ㡭ôʶİŵҲһĲ졣
ŵƽ̾һ˵ܶŰ磬ֶͬ۴ѧһҪһоȥǰҵԵĻ¶˼Ұ
֣ǶԿֶֶȥǱϰ࣬һʮ򣡡оһǷˡ
׳˸ǰ˹ǻҸط̸̸ɣطƺЩ̫




1278β
 

ͬ۴ѧԵһڣ
ֻʮƽףŴһЩ򵥵Ʒ  Ƕоĸ׺Ͷоסĵط
ĶżѾ޷ĵĸоǶоȴһΪҪǿˡ
ŵƽҪȴоϴʾܾˣԼӦҪˡ
㡭˰
ڿռЩСߵǱȽϵ
˵ЩɳƣǶŵŷ㣡  һֱôãһܵ˶ŵĴ֮˸оҲήҲ  ЩѹԽԽǵˣ  ҪȥҽԺȴûǮһֱţҲΪʲôоҪǰҵҹһԭ
ԭʵ·ߵ£ٸԼĶǮԼĸȿ
ɺף˵ʵһ˶ˡ
ŵԼţҲЩĹԼŵԱߵ㣬㵣ˣѾˣ
ųˣ㿴ԼϹЩŵʵ
ǣֶҡŵ׿˿Цẉ̂İɣڶѾûˡ
û¾ͺû¾ͺãҲЩӯ˵
һԵĶоᣬоԼǰеίһ˲䶼ͷ˳
ŵƽŷɩ˵ǺοذҶо˵˺üˣȥѾͷǾ󰡡
Բҡ֪ˣ
о˿ҲͨˣԼĸҪи̵ĻԼҪǿʲôأ
˵Լñͨǿˡ
ЦŵһԲͺãǺǣҿǺܺð
ëˣûа취ģ̾һǼоʱµë
ҲңʱҸոջعǷһƨɵծǸʱ᲻˴оҵĹæһȥ˲
ŵҲ̾һ
ЦŵΪ˸ĸȻҲкܶĸʿ࣬ѧ㻹ǱȽϵТ˳𣿡
ǰֶĲ֪ӦôлҶŵûУǸֶǿԵġֻҪֶĻⱲҾ͸ֶѴˣ
ŵ˿̷ǳмĿףʲôԼһž۸ӵĿأ
ӹһЩһЩҪ֪֣߳  һԵĶŵƽҲǸмĿ׵ֶԺõҶŵƽĵطܿڣҾ޶
׹һֵ˵λͲҪôĿ˰ʵһξȶܣȻҲҵĿĵģ֮ǰأȿ̵Ĳ飬ʪȻΣȴҲûиεİ취
ʲôֶҲҽ
ŵףг˾֮ɫҪֶҽĻ̫ˡ
ԶһЦŵ
һԵĶŵƽֶǡǸ
ʲô޷֮ûбҪ°ɣ˵ǵʦ׿ŶŵƽЦŵ
ҵҵֶǰҳԼΪʦһѧϰѣֶʪɩѾȥ˺ܶҽԺȥˣҽҽƫ϶һ飬ɡ
ŵƽҲЩε˵Ȼôεú÷ʪ֢״أ
һԵĶŵҲǵͷҴ˵ûĲȻǴ󲡣ȴѸΡһλҽʪûķֻܹš
Ǻǣ֪ûа취ûа취ǰɣʦһλҽ߳ҽһЩ֢ЩоġҪȻһԣ
Ҳǰ˰ﵽˣżҵܹףνĸ
磬Ҫþ̫幬ȣҲǷǳĺġ
˱ȽϿصľԵ֣ԵֵˣǸûκεĹҲԳȡ
оЩĿףоǰѧܣĸ˴档
ֻʲôݣ˼ҿϼŵĶ³  Ҳ֪Լ䲻˼ңҲûʲô̫ķǷ֮롣
֮ǰ˼ǴأƺǳĸЦ
ಣ  ײ֪ʲôطѾŪһö룬ʵʪи㲻ϲ  װװӻҪװģϾԵĿɲ֮ˣ  һţ
оԼϥǱһĸоܿоһůԼϥţָоǳĺã
ףûôˡ㿴ףоǳ档
һѾǰסϥǣֻҪϥǹؽڵĺ֢ɣ
ⷽϥѾܾĥĻָٶҲ쳣Ŀ졣
׺ֻܿһȣ編ƣ  ʵԭֻҪӵʱ͸㶨ˣ̫ˡ
ĥĥģĥһСʱǿջ˽롣
׿ŷЦẉ̂վ԰ɣñһʱ䣬ЩҲûлģ
úúãллֶҸоܲģЦŵ
ԭԴѾһµķ㣬ôҲû뵽Լܹվܹһ·
һԵĶŵ˸Ǿȵĺϲ£죬ôø¾ͺˣ




1279±ڱеĶŵ
 

ڣ
СĿռڼ֤漣ķԭԴһµķһξȻվˡ
ʵվҲûʲôֵģҪԼӲվҲпܵġ
ϾʪԹؽҲûеѾ²еĵز
ʹǳܵģڶоѧŵصڼ䡣
ҲòԼһʲôġ
ǽ죬ոսԼĽŵµصʱԼĹؽڴһĸоûС
Լ·͸ʱûʲôԭЩëһ̾ԼǳңԶ
㼤ˣʵû뵽Ȼһʵϲ
ֶȻκҷ˵Ĳ⡭оôôĲ˼飬Ҫ֪ҡѾ뾡һа취
ŵ˵ЩˣһֱûзΪԼķ˿
һֱǲֹ۵ģĲһһˡ
һξԼε¼֮󣬷оһղһյĸо
Ǿڽ죬ײԼԼķˣǶż˵׿νǶͬ찡
ͨ
оں׵£Ȼˣ  ôһŮˣһ̾ȻˣҪ֪ϵʱ׻Ǳ߻ء
һ̣һᣬһȻľ͹׵ĸǰ
ѧ㣬ǸʲôҲûעоĶȵ֮ŷ֡
ǰ׼ԼͷĶоҲЩΣ
о￴׵ֶ֡ллⱲӵĶˣԺҡһúùֶĶ飡
ǺǣҶУѣҸѧҲԵֻ˵žû˼ˡ΢΢һЦ
ŵ׵ֶолҲӦõİ
һԵķҲˮֶȫҶĶġ
׺һҪҿɾ˰Ҷ˵ˣҾȶҲԼĿǵģڰҲΪѧҽҪǲѧҽҲûа취
ֶղ˵пǵģ֪ǡ
ŵҲ׵˼ӦǶԼʲô뷨ˡ
Ļ˼Ҳƽ޹ʵľԼɣ  ǶŵãԼһεˣܶˡ
Լˣ˼ϼŵϰ忴Լʲôأ
ѲɿԼ  ŵԼҲԼģȵĸ󡲻ңȵ˲Żǲȱİ  ȱĿ¾ˣֶῴԼˣ
ŵ֪ʲô˼ȻѹҲûи룬Ѱ˼ǲϼȱʲôŸʲôģ
׿ŶŵЦŵ֮ǰڻθ߼ܲã˵˶ܵĸ֮ǰڿʱҲʹܼ⣬˵ʵܲҲȷд֮硭
ֶʲôԸֻ˵仰Ҷŵϵɽ͹
ŵǾʿΪ֪ĸоҪ˼Լڿ»ڴء
׿Ŷŵڰֵܣûôءʵҹ˾
ң˾ֶܲ˵ľһ㣿ŵײʵ
ϼŵ˽٣׿Ŷŵʵ
Ҿ֪ϼʵǿֶĴһĲֻ֪˵ܲõˡ
ŵҲԼ֪˵ţϼŻĲǺ˽⡣
׿ŶŵһȻܣΪϼŵܲõĻ֪ǷԼ𣿡
ֶ˵ʲôܲãǿЦİɣ
ŵһһŵƽͶоﶼŵһ¡
ϼŵܲʲô²Ҫ˵֪ˡ
Ҷ֪ϼŵܲҪ˵˵仰Ļ¶Ҫ֣  ͻȻ˵öŵ֮ܲλöŵһûзӦ
ֶ˵ϼŵܲһλŮܲðɣŵƽҲǿʵ
Цŵ˵ǼܲɣҲ˾ĻɶˣϾǸŮˣվ̨ǰԼҲоЩ
ֶĴҡŵǸоԼһ㡣
һоôĵԼЩѲ֪δĸоˡ
ЦŵʵѡԭǴһЩͷ˾ʲôİҿģҲˣ
˵˭ϼŵܲʵνֻҪﵽͿˡ
˵ŵҪռܲģϾ˵㲻һ
ԼҲԼ뷨ŵѣдҵĹ飬ǽڹĲʿ
׾ǸһĻᣡ
Ҫ֪ϼŵܲнǧ𲽰ɣͷ˾Ļ࣬˵ǧǿܵġ
׻һڣƺܶ࣬ȴģȴһŸжģ  ֵãһжֵã
ŵЩ˵ֶҪȻɣҸطԸ߳Աģ֪һҲķ֮꣬ǰڻŵʱ򾭳Ǳ߳Է
Ҳã
ҲҪŵúõһģطҲЩӵˡ




1280²ԩҲͷ
 

ϼŵܲã
λö˵ǱȽϵҪģȻ׽磬ҲҪúõĿһ¡
һҰĵ˵ĻʱԼ϶ҲǷʤġ
֮ǰֹ˾㣬ܹתϼżʮڵʲ
Ҫܲأ  תƸһڵʲҲǷַӵ飡  ɿ
Ϊѡܲõı׼ʵо֮ҲԼλѧĸһжϣ
ٶоһĸӦòʲôطȥ
ڼ׵ľ֮ˣ˵ŵҪԼ͸׵뷨ˡ
ϴƵ꣡
ڽģʵϽ֮ң  ֮ǰŵڻŵʱһֱǰߵ˶ĽӴλ
ƵĿζǳĲҪ׳ԶٷлһҲѡ
֮ǰѾǸŵƽ˵ˣٷöŵƽǮ
ϾԼܲ޷ģסĵطûС
ףܣþò
ŵ˽˽ϴƵʱ򣬴þһŵҲЩ졣
쾭һе飬ԡŵҲ΢΢һЦ
ǹԷǣ쾭ҲЦЦ
ڶŵ飬ϴƵѾǴˣȻܶϿɶŵΪˡ
磬ǮǴү
ŵˣеʲˣһǷһڣϢѾǴźͽϴƵ꣡
쾭Ȼ֪ģŶŵЩװģӣҲ
ŵ쾭ϵطҰһ¡
Ǹܰǲ˼ǵİᶼѾˣ쾭ЩǸȻ˵
ᶼˣôأǽϴİһ𣿡
ŵĳͣ⽭ϴƵİڶ࣬һƽʱܹϸ߰˰˶ѾǺܲˡ
ҪǱĻƽʱûм  ܰһƭ㻹զΰǾ˰ǺǣҪȻǿҸλҲ֪ģǾôˣҲ˷ѣ۸Ҳ󰡡
쾭Ŷŵ¶һ˿ЦݣЦŵһ˿˿֮ɫе˻Ǹоĳ
ŵȻеģҲ֪Լ֮Щôܲڱͷأ
ԭղź׵ʱ򣬾һȡ
Ͼܹ뵽ĵطҲǽϴƵ굵θһЩҲ˱ȽϵĺһЩ
ֶ˼ʲôݣȻܹȥЩСˣ  ֻЩˣطܶʶԼһҪʲô˵ĻʵҲǻεġ
ЩѾˣֻӲͷƤȥˡ
ʵ˾Ƶֱ꣬ȥҲOKˣ  쾭ҲԼĿǣŵǰ컹ŵ˵ŵпҪء
û뵽ͳˣ⽭ϴˣ  һǷôһƨɵծǮǰŸܲõʱǿɶǩ
ǩȨȻûеģ
Ϊ˷ֹһ׳԰׺ȣ쾭Ȼǳһˡ
쾭ʲô˼ŵ쾭һջ
ۿ˵͵ļһ϶ΪԼˣԼԲǾƵˣ  һԵĶŵƽ쾭Ҳǳ˵ô°ǹԷ㾹Ȼ˵ûа᣿ǲҪһȥ
㿴Ҳûãᶼ˸ȥˣ
쾭Ȼ˵Ըǵķʵ̫̫ˣνëķ˲缦Ҳݶŵ˼ˡ
̫ˣҶŵôҲǵǽϴѵˣǾôԴĿͻģ
ŵһ䣬ʵᣡ  ֶǰˣôܹأ
ŵ
ڶŵŭ֮ʣ߳˼ˣΪ׵Ǹȥʶŵ
㣬ַ壡ŵһˣ˶ʱðɣ
ʲôۺ죿  Ҳôˣַǻŵܲã˵ҲһζŵϷʼٸߣ  ֮ǰַҵ˶ŵ깫˾ʱ˽ֹڿʼعɣ
ֻмһΣһԭֻҪǧ깫˾ֱڣ  깫˾ˣžÿҪˣ
üмĶŵ쳣ΣŵΪſ϶Ӳܡ
յĽַ岻ˣҲܣŵұʱ򣬻Ŷûг棡  Ҳøŵźͺһȵȥɣ  ʲôҲû˵ַʲôҲû
ԭǶܰѽôվ߰ù˾߹ܽӴFGŵĸ˹-ɭܲãҪȻһ𰡣
ַƵĿ˿ŵһֱ̫ϲŵԭΪŵԼλв̫̫ˡ




1281ҳҾͳԣ
 

ַ֪ŵ  ʱ绰еˣʵ˼ˣ  ǾǾİһ˾ˡ
û뵽쾹ȻڽϴƵͿ˶ŵ
ŵʱ񣬱Ͼû뵽һﾹȻܹ
Ҳ֣һӦǽ˱ͽ
Ѱæʲôˣ˼ҰæͽѾʴˡ
˭ĻһڵĴ  ŵļֵҲֵôడַ庰ŵԷʵҲ֪ŵҸԼһԷ
ϾѾûκεʸԼһˣѲɿЩͬ  ŵַ壬ЦһܲãСˣû뵽ôľ
ܣ⻰ɾûе˰ǻһǹƽģʱ˵ҪͶ깫˾Ȼǻ׼ǻûü͸˼ǩԼˣ˵ֵܹҵͷϣ
ַЩмĿŶŵ
ŵھƣѾǱQ˼ˣԼҪӣ  һַ֣˵ǼֱĺϢ
㡭
ŵģסˣϾֶߣԺ㣡  ׿ŶŵЦŵλǣ
ֶλǻŵַܲ塭ŵ׻Ǻصġ
Ӵǣ˸ɽǲɵñɱͽ˰ŵ˵ǲ
ַĴָŶŵ˵ǼӵȷЩܲˡ
׿ַ΢΢һЦܣǺǣղ˵ҪǳԷô˼ذûаᣬȻʢֻȴ֮˰
ֶ
ŵôҲû뵽ֶȻҪһһӳԷ˵ֱ̫˰
ַҲסˣһﻹǲҪȻ˵ҪԼһԷ  Щ벻ͨһΪʲôô̹Ȼ˵Щ
ӴǣֶǰɣһС˰ǼȻûԣȻһڷԣ
ַ˵֮ɫȥһָ߸ϵĸо
ȷҲǣַݻǷǳԺյģܲãнǧ򼶱  һܹˡ
׿ַٺһЦǾͶл˰ⲻʡһٷǮ
ַЩѪǽӴ˹-ɭܲõİҪ֪ɭܲÿFGŶ³ķ-ɭĶӣ  ھδĻ̫Ӱֻղ˵ȥĻͬóȥˮҪǲҴӦ˵ĻԺַڶŵǰ̧ͷ  ܲã⡭
һԻŵܼտַЩԥϾΪŵϳӣȻ֪ܲøŸ֮ܲĹϵǢ
ټŸܲñѹȥҪFG֪Ļǲճ
ַ忴Źյܼ࣬Ƕ£ʲô
ʵַҪ˻öŵڻŵ·׵ķˡ
ŵͻȻ֮⽭ϴƵ϶Ҫţ֪˹ܲõĵ  Ҫһĸ˹ܲõ̸ĻԼļƻȫ̰¶  ԣԽ͵Ÿ˹˵
ϣ
Ÿ˹ԼҲһܺõжϵģϾʡһڡ
ַ˳¥˹ȥһԵЦһ˵ܰҪȥɣΰ
ʵϴУѾǿֲм  ŵΪʡһٷǮȥַĻƲˡ
ߣйϵ𣿹
ŵ۵ˣ˺ɫҲ֪Ǹþ
ԼǻƽҲֲЩèԼ
ŶŵһЦһҪȥǾʵı˰
˵꣬ﳤȥ
ŵԼѾǲҪˣһﾹȻԼѲΪԼǻŵĸ߼ܲ  ȥһԵĶŵƽҲЩĿ׵ֶҲ̫ˣǡ
׿ŶŵͶŵƽˣȻˣЩչҪġ۸ϼŵܲãǺǣһǲǣ
ʮ㣡  ׵仰˵ǰޱȣŵԼ׼Ƹܲã
һССĻʲôأ
˹-ɭǸоЩϤѲνFGǸɭĲҵ  ҪĻǽַ֪Լôˡ




1282¶ĵ㵥
 

ϴƵ꣬
ǽϴƵ굵ιߵһ䣬ʮͬʱ
һ˵ʮòͣ
ԭֻˣΪַһ죬һֶˡ
ʮһҲԵӵ˰ָо  ܣ˻ǰ֮ǰģܼտַ塣
һӶôˣҲЩƣϾ֮ǰǵĲӦǲôˡ
ַ忴˿յ黹Ҫ𣿡
׿ַһЦ˵ܣûŵܲãǳԵ㶫᲻ðɣ
㡭㣬ǣ
ַЩŭûа취˲Ҫκεطŵ
ҪԶٷ᲻õĻҪǴȥأ
ǵģܲã˹һҵնַ
ʵ֮ǰĹһֱַͶŵıԵ˵˵ĹϵǳҪá
˶ùҲûʲô취ҵһƽɡ
ֻŶŵ뿪ܼˡ
ַѹҲǸֱܼһСĽɫ
ҵȻ֪ڸ˹֮ܲǰһжҪ׼֪𣿡ַҲЩ
һθ˹ʵҲΪ˶ŵ飬Ȼû˵ڹϣȻΪˡ
տ˿һվԱ߷ķԱȥǼλˡ
õģܡ
ԱŹҲ΢΢ͷȻžµĲ˵ͳ׵ķ˹ȥ  ԱܹڸȻҲһڲԹɫˡ
һԵĶоЩܣϾԼĸƺΪΡ
׵ǡǸֶҪȻǻǻط԰ɣҸо̫ѹˡ
׿ŶоΪʲôҪЩԵҪԣѧϰڹģһӦ֪ɣ˲ֻܹӦҪӦ澳ŻΪһĹ˲ţ
о죬Ҳ֪˵ǶԵģԼԸĥ
Լĸ׸ոձ˼²ŷųΪʲôͱˣ  ЩⲻȥԼĸΪܲѹ
ŵʵѾͨˣ׼ȻΪԼ棬˼Ҿаա
˵ˣſƺӴ󣬿Ǹϼʲôأ
ڣ׼ƸԼ˾ܲãԺԼɾϼŵܲˡ
ڻַĻ  ˵ַ壬ַֻһ֮ˣм֮Ϊѡ
ŵŶоЦŵоֶղ˵ǶԵģⲻ԰ײԣʡһٷǮءҸմ޷ģ˵һҪлһοء
ַ忴ŶŵٺһЦŵ֮ǰһֱװĲͦߵҲ֪ռˣҪ˵һеŮ潵ļһѰɡ
һΪϰˣ˵ʲôʲôɣԷģҲ㶷ģ
ŵƺ̬һЩı仯  ׿˿ŵЦŵܲ˵ĶԣǽֻһǾǳԷԱ
ãҪʲôԱ¶һ˿ǳЦ
Ǯ֮û̫ĹϵֻҪ˾Ϳˡ
ģԼйϵ  İʲôĶˣǸԼҲûʲôϵ
и߸ӶأǲǸ򹤵ģ  һεĿЩŭַ壬Цŵܣҿʼˣ
Ͻġ
ַоСǸͷ࣬һԼ  ҲԼǸʲôҪһ˹ܲҪĻ⼸˿¶ᱻ
ΪܹFGһعˣȻˣҲʱġ
׿ŷԱʲôģϾˣʲôѰһٷɶġ
˸ܳһٷݣѾַһһﾹȻ˵ҪһٷݣҲŭѡ
⽭ϴƵİһݱļ۸ǿɾ2888Ԫ  һٷݣǿǼʮ򰡣
ôˣȻ벻ĻǾͲҪװʲôβ˵ԼȥԺ˰
׿ַӣ΢΢һЦ˿ַ̬ȣ
㡭ľ͵ðȥֻҪܹԵȥȵȥҷ㵽ף
ַоһˣˣ
ɼϷˣأܳܵ𣬲ǼʮнǧںЩ
˵ˣһεĽӴҲǹӴɶ
һٷԼʮǷǳĿţ
׿ַЦеʵܳԶٺȶپͿԵ٣
ԣַѻߣܳԶٵһԲģǽַ忴
Ȼ򣡣
ҲǴ˵ٶĶֻҪԣǶǿԳԵȥġ




1283Ż˵һƲ
 

ã˵İҿͶ̥ܳԶȥ
ַŭˣ׵ŭˣһǰԼԩͷˣ  㲻ҪǾԸ  һٷݱ㣬Ȼֵʮ򣬿Ҫһ˳ȥǹ嶼ܲˡ
һڼȻҪǿɾ͹ֲַˣ
ҪĳԲȥǵʱһûǮˣҲñԼúõһ
ʱҪŵʲôվط
׿ʼˣ
һ˵ķη
ȥܲǼһǲǷ˰ٷݱ㣿ٷѣǿٶ򰡣
ֹһﾹȻôķę́ǲǷ˰
ôĺƣһѲǶԾƾ𣿾ˮȥҲܲ˰ɣ
ҷˣ˵ȥȥǶʮ֮һǶţһ˰
£ŵǼ߲㿴ҲһĲ죬һʵ̫˰  ôĶһﾹȻҵ㣡  ַҲĿɿڴĿǰһУһ˿ʷߵһˡ
һԵķԱʿˮ⡭ôԵ˰
ǺǣĵɣҼǵǵԽ࣬ӦҲԽ߰ɣˮ
׿ǸԱ΢΢һЦǸԱȻ֪
ôණôԵأѲ˵ĶǸ޵׶
޵׶Ҳи޶Ȱɣ
Աǲܵ飡
һԵĶŵҲǵֶ⡭ûбҪɣ˵ĿԼӣֵð
оҲͣ˵ˣһԶоĸ׷ҲǼæֶҿǻ˰ɣ˵һǡ
ǰֵֵֶŵƽҲЦŵ
׿˵ǲȰˣƽʱøӣ˵ȥĻջصġȻҸĶˣҾҪгŵҶ꣬ǮҪǳԲȲ꣬ǾԼǮ
⡭
һȰҲûκεô˼ֶѹҲǰ  ֻôණ˵һˣʮһԣ¶һԵ˰  дθҲжԾƾߵˣ
ɾˣҲ˵ĿŰɣ  ַ忴Ǳ߳ܣҲǺٺһЦ˵ŵŵʶǸͶ̥ҵҪǲͣҪܳȥҸǮˡ
ַЦһܳȥôĶ
һԵķԱһεȷϵҪôࣿǡҵûôĴ
ϴƵ׿ʵҲ֪˹
Ҳôŵ˴кʵϴƵȻǻǩԼ꣬Ϊķꡣ
ϾҪˣǩͬǶŵҲ֪ŵˣַԲܸǩԼġ
Ա𿴻ڻ߳ԷһӻͲˡ
ֻǸղŷԱ绰˵ˣ׿ЩƵĻӲƤͷˡ
׿ܣô˰ڰߵѲ׿Ȼ˹ҲЩơ
ղŸǱߴ绰˵߳ˣûд绰㣿׿ʵ
ƵǰŽˣʵϲˡ
˿ȥȽϵԲʵԲ˸״
Ȼ׿ϲ˵ȷġ
׿׿ܣûнӵǵĵ绰ǲǳˣҪȻһ㶼ֱӸҴ绰İ
׿˵ӴҪĿˡ
׿ܣ֪ɣŵˣһַһ䰡ʵһֱҪȥʲô
һֱûдʲôᣬƺˣҲЩ˵
ܣǱץôˣһַһ᣿Ѳɡ׿һЩϲʵ
ŵȷǱųˣַǿͷһκҲӲͷƤȥģӦкϷ˰
׿ٺһЦ֪ʵŸϴƵжƵ
ֻǵΪŵϲǵĲ˶ѣ
׿ˣҽȥ߳ʲô顭
棡
׿ȥ֮Ҳˡ
һǧĲ˺;ƣǼǳҲԲɣ
ǰɣҪôࣿ׿ףоԼˡ
ֲЩԱ¾Ǹʱ򻹵֪ͨԼ
׿׿Цŵ׿ûôö׬ǮĻɲడ
ҵȻ֪ǡ׿ǿˣ׵Ǹϰˡ
װڰֵˣ׿ܣҪ׬ǮĻôڿʼϾOKˣ˵ˣǮԲҸǮ˸Ǯģʲô
úúãȥ죡
׿ȻһĲ˼飬Ҳ˲ǣ
һƬľ̾ͳЦǶڵȴſ׵Ц
˼֮һεƿˣ𷢱۵Ӵ˽ŵʱǸΪ׵һ㶣




1284¸˹-ɭ
 

˹
ŵһ˹ҲվŸ˹˸к
ַҲվŸ˹Ͻǰ˹˰ҿĵذ
ַ֪˹һ仰ܹǵǰ;  ܡܣּˡ
˹¶һ˿Цݣ֮ǰҲЩ죡  Ͼ֮ǰַ˵ŵΪһЩձץˡ
FGܲ£Ҳûа취׻ơ
˹˵һ˲䣬Ըоһɲһ˾ɣ  ոɭģ˵Ǹɭء
ҪĻֻҪԼһ仰ͿԽˡ
ôڳ׻ǲôˣֻܹʱһˡ
ôַһעҪùˡ
ֻ׻оڵİ֮УƺҲ˼ˣʵҲǲһȻԼˣ
컹˰  ˹ոձųĶܣұһԷˡϾǹ¶꣬ǻŻǽ
ַܹϴһνܹĳȥ
˹ŶŵЦŵܣû˰ɣ
˹ȻˣһһЩҪţҪFGˣ
ŵŭգַ廹Ц滢  ⲻľ׼Լأŵֲɵӣַ֪ܲΪʲôأ
ַ忴Ŷŵ̾һ˵϶Ű֮ǰѾ˵ˣȻˣѾ˸˹FGҲڿ֮С
˹ŶŵͷʵһҹҪҲΪ˵¡ŵĸ߼ܲñץǻ׻ƵҵҲܵ˺ܴĳġȻҲڣ̸һ̸
˹չ깫˾Ӧ֪İɣŵŸ˹
һĲ֪ⲻĸΪ𣿡˹ŶŵЩɻʵ
ҸΪַ˵ѾϱFGţŵ
ַ忴Ŷŵ΢΢һЦ϶ŰӺͿ˰ɣչ깫˾ȷǻŵķԼչʱǻŲιɣ˵㿴ĿǺû뵽깫˾ǷôǮ
˹ͷܣ˵ŸûϱFGţҲĸΪе֤ѾˡһҹΪ֤һЩ֤ݵٶѡ
ҸΪҶŵôڻŹȥչ˾أҲ˵ͨ
ŵŸ˹ЩЦ  ˹Ŷŵͷȷ˵ͨ˵Ǵְġ
˹ǰɣҾ⣬Ĵչҹ˾ҲӦǴְ֮飬ǻ飡
׿Ÿ˹Цһһ￴Щһֻν֤ݣֵʵ
Ҫ֪Ҳ鷢ģҵĹʣȻ˸ͬҵĹ˾Ѳɵ  ˭
˹û뵽Ȼ˸ҲЩ߳ŭʵ
ŵһ˵ˣҲǸϽ˹λҵѣ
ѣŵ֪ĹǿҾĺܲáǻҲûҪ㣡
˹ʱҲŭˣҾôһ˵϶ַ˵
׿Ÿ˹Ҳûָܹܣǻ飬FGҲʲô񣡣
СӣעĴǣ㽫ĺܲң˹һźɫ
ô˵ֲң׻Ƶĵ̣˵ĻЦ𣿡Цһ
ַ忴Ÿ˹˹ЩԾǹҲģǲ֪ڸղ˾Ȼ
˵ַ꣬ͿʼѸղ׵ô˵齲һ飡
˹˶סˣЩ𾪵Ŀףôණⲻǵó
ôණ˰ɣ˹ҲȤ
һ£
űˣʱһƳһƳĲѾߣ  ַ忴ЦһСӣղŲҳ԰
һ׻ܹһϷ˰
˹źļЦŵȻҲʵЩԲ
һԵĶŵ׵ֶȻϣҿǻ߰ɣҲûʲôˣ
ߣ춫꣬˭Ҳߣַ忴ŶŵЦһ




1285¶ˣ
 

˵Ҳ𣿿ʼɡ
ʵ˿ģȻǶΪԲˣǾͳԸǿˣ
ãٷֱ㣬һĿ
ǸԱףҲ˵
˺ӻҩɾ˰ôණڲ²׳ԶٳԲأ
׿վڰſڣǿҲһƣ
ǿ׿ڳԵʱҲסˣ  ȥ⻹ҲܳԵôɣ
ҵ찡һɨ˼ʮ̱˰ҡûɣ
㿴һԵٶȣֱǸȥûʲô𰡣
ǶͶ̥ҵҪһһôܵ˰
һ˿ĿɿڴûһĹ׾Ȼɵһٶݱ㡣
һδĸо
һԵĶоѾǰЩǵ˵ֶۡۻǲ˰ɣȥôܵ˰
׿˿оֿ˿ļЦŵĵİ
꣡  һ̽һ̵Ŀʼţһʼܶ˲м˺ܶѾǿʼˡ
һƿƣƿơ
ٷݱ㣬ɵʮƿƣ˼ӿȥȻ͸ûгԶһ  ׳Եǽһζ·ƾһ㣡  ַԭһЦĿ⣬ЩˣҲ̫ܳˡ
ʷܳܺȵģû֮һ  ׿˿ǡС찡ҡҵ۾ûɣ
ûûа׿ܣҡҽǿ˰Ҳʿˮ
ֹ˰ֱɰ㿴ںȾƣǿǰ׾ưڼƿˣ׿ʵ
ھƿˣһǲǾƾ߰ɾôˮҲܲ˰ⲻɣ
ЩǵĿ׿ʵ
׿̾һȥֹʲô𣿡
Ҳǡ˿һ֮Ķûˡ
һ¶Լ˵ĳʱ򣬱ôҲܿˡ
һСʱʱ䣬һ˾ôһ˵ıݡ
⿴˳ԶҲǱһˣ  ˣַĿɿڴǷԱ
ܣˣҶˣԱҲЩͷ˵
ģ⡭ⲻѧ
ַЩȻ˵ϣһǧ򰡣Щþʵ̫̫ˡ
ûа취˵ȥĻѲڲִ
ԼղŻԸµĸ˹˵ˣҪǲִеĻ˵Լһŵ  ˹˿׹һЦҪȻǽѰɣҿ㻹Ǻ
ûʸɣ׿Ÿ˹
㡭㾹ȻҶүô˵˹Ǹӳ
壬û£˹΢΢һЦ
ôˣҪظղŵĻҲúȰ㻹һЩҵѿɾڸڵİᣬҪ˵ĻǿɾͳԲ˶ˣ
׿Ÿ˹΢΢һЦЩ˸Ҷ֣Ҳûӣ  ˹׵θڣ˵ʵʵ̫ˡѡ
ѣ԰мøҰˣ׿Ÿ˹΢΢һЦ
ʲô飿˹ʵ
׵ŵǹ˾ܲãһǹ˾ܲãҪӻŹ
㡭ʲôʲô˾ܸǻű𣿶ŵŵǴҳĸɵñ
ַһ׵ĻһûѪ
һʵЩôණȻȥȻ˹Ҫˡ
һʵǲʶôȻø˹Լ
˹˿׵㲻Ҫҵ⵱һֹߣĻľúźˣ
þźһСʱ֮˿϶뿪ţˣ鵽˽ɣҿǵ̨ĺϢء
վ׼ȥһԵĶŵҲǸоһĳ
ֻо˶֪Ϊʲô׾Ȼôθڣڿȥûһ㣬ʵ̫˰  ҼֵˣַһŵˣλҲǻģ˵û˵ã
˹мĿ˿ףһﵹŹͷˡ
׿˿˹ЦŵҪȻǴģ˭Ӯ˭䣿
ţʵŰ  ŵҲò׵ţƺ˼˵ĶܹȻ֪˼ôģ  ˹ŭһãҽ͸ˣҪӮˣ͸㶼νߣҪأĹ˾Σ׬Ŷ




1286˵ҽף
 

Ӧ׬˲ŶԣǺǣȻҶģȻӦţĳ˻ûʲôҶĵģ
׿Ÿ˹΢΢һЦ
׬ˣҪҪ֪ǻһ۶Ҹ˰ٸڣǲҪ
ַ忴ЦһʵҲһͻͻܾܣ
һСʱ֮ԼӻŹ  Ҫ֪ĵ˭ǿFGŶ³ĶӰ  ˼ѲɻԼƣǲܵ鰡  ԣַ忴ûκεģһȻԼҪĻǾˣ  Ǻǣ˰ڣͷϲǣϼŰ۶Ѿͻǧˣײм˵
֡ϼţַһ£һԵĸ˹ҲΪ𾪵Ŀ׵㡭ϼŵˣ
ǵȻҸղ˵׬ˣҵϼſɱҪֵǮˣ΢΢Ц
㡭㾹ȻصϼŶ³⡭ôܣ˹Ҳʿˮʵ
ҪϼŵĻһ֣׬ˣ  ˹һļôõôôֿɵأ  ַһ˫ϥأŵ˾ȻϼŵĶ³  ղ˼ߺĿ˼ңǻĴ  һǸɵӣȻôӴһй˾Ƕһţ  ⲻɵʲôأַǱɰ  ŵһô˵֮ҲɫЩҰףֶǾ񰡣  ϼҲóȥģ
ŵ׵ֶ֪˹FGŶ³Ķӣǲǡ
۲۰ײδشŵĻ·˵ʲô
ܿ죬һѾǳ˰֮УҲ΢΢һЦֶҡûҽ
£׿ʥʵ  ֮ǰʥʵȻȥȡ׻ϵλá
ӦѾǳɹˣʥһʵϾǸһЩӲ˹ġ
ֻҲżȻˣΪɭ˽뽭ҲԶһ£û뵽Ȼˡ
˹ʥʿˮȻַ˵ȳȥ
׿ŶŵҲЦŵȳȥɣҸ˹Ѿʼйͬˣ
⡭
˶֪⼸˺«ʲôҩ˼óȥȻҪȥˡ
˶ǵſڵȺǲ֪Ҫʲô  ǼСˣܵ׻ƵľڣҶǰ񣿡ʥŸ˹
ֻ׽Ҳû׻Ƶľڶ֣ƺûйϵɣ
˹ʥҲǳֻҪûΥ棬ܹԼôأ
㡭Сӣ㻹ְϻ⼸Сûа취ҸǣھҰĨȥΪ֪ʥм˵
㡭㾹Ȼĳϣ⡭ôܣǡǡ˹Щһ
Щ˰˾ȻĴϣҶϼŵλֶȻ˵أ˵ʲô  ˵ϼŵֶĵλߣ
˹Ϊᣬʵǲʵôǿ  ˣ˲˵˹-ɭӦǸɭ˰ɣ׿Ÿ˹ʵ
Ҳ֪ΰĸɭ壿˹׳ʵ
Ǻǣ֮ǰʱҾ͸оӦֻҪ֤һ¶ѡҲҿǸɭˣҪȻ컹ǳȥ׻ˣ
׿Ÿ˹ٺһЦ
Կɭɲܹģ˹
ݸɭ𣿺ߣڿбҪ绰ȥˣ˵ҽף峤Ӧþ˰ɣ׿Ÿ˹Ҳա
ⲻ֪߲֣ԭǸʹһͬӪֻ⸥ɭ屻շ˶ѣ֪ȴҲ࣡
˹׾Ȼ֪峤ҲǱв޵뷨˸绰ȥ
ʵϣڸ˹˵ɭĶ˵Ҳңɼģ峤һ仰¾ܹǵˡ
һȻʲô֮ҪȻĴôô  ۺôأ˹ԼӦô绰һһʶ峤Ļǵﲻ𰡣  ˹һͨ绰ܿĴ˳ȥ
ȴģǴĸףȻĸƺʶԣֱȥ˸ɭܲ  Լ˰Сʱҵʱ䣬˹ĵ绰һε
Լ׵ĵ绰˹ܿĽ




1287Ļ峤Ļ
 

һСʱַܲù
ǵ˼FGٶ˵Ļںܶ˿ǸЦ
ǰֵĿȥôĹ죬ַ֮һ˿˿Ļҡ
ղǼһһӳôĶ;һе㲻ˡ
ͨ˵θٴ󣬿Ҳôɣ  ַȴ֣˼İЩȥˣһĵ
ȻˣַȻΪһ˵жôĿţһֱ˵ϼŵ˵ʱŶ
ϼţʮFGżҲϲ˼ҡ
ֲ˼ôţ˼ҵͷôֲ
˵ղŵַ廹׵һСĻԲôˡ
һڵС˵ȥ˼ҿ϶ΪԼǸɵȱ  ַôǽյİţϰ£֪Լһ˿˿ϣҪڸ˹ˡ
ѹҲ֪浽׷ʲô飡  ֪ղžͲŵˣҪûŵĻûô°  ϲûкҩԣַһԲվһԣȴŽ
ڣ
˹ŵ绰Լ׵ĵ绰ҲǸϽ
״ˡ
˹ǱȽϵתģԼĸǼӵžԵȨġ
˹㲻Ҫκεʣ˵κεʣֻҪҵĻɣ˹ĸǳϡ
״ˣôˣô˵ôࣿ˹пһʵ
Ȼƺʶ鲢ûеô򵥰
˹-ɭĸ׳ղȷ˵Ǹ˽ףȻô峤˵ģ
״ˣȷ˾Ȼ˵ʶ峤ҾЩΣԡ
˹Ҳ΢΢һ̾ȻʵҲЩˡ
˹ĸ׳ӣղҴӼܲǱ߲Ż峤ԽӼң
ʲô⡭ôܣ峤ȻԽӼĪҫ˹Щ˵
ȷΪɭȨƹиɭ顣
׽ĲҵǸɭв۵һҵѡ
һҪǸ˹ĸԼԼĹϵĻ峤֪飬ϾļЩˡ
˹ĸ׵һƭ𣿲һ峤ҲӼҰɣ峤Ҹ仰
峤˾Ȼø׸Ҵ仰ô˵峤˶֪ҵˣ
˹͸һӵļ֮ɫʵҲܺ⡣
ʵϸ˹ڸɭֻܹĩҵ˶ѣ
Ȼ׽ޣЩν׽Ǯʲôôأ
ɭЩ߸ϵĴǣΪ׽縺˵Ķӻ֣  žˣĻʹ峤ĻֻҪסһˡ
˹ĸʵҲһƣ˵峤仰ԼĶӣ֪Ϊʲô  峤˵ζֻܹ  峤Ȼոλɭ峤֧ѾǴﵽһ塣
⡭⡭
˹ڵһˣһ߳ܵĺ
ղ׵ĸǰߺģû뵽˼ҾȻܹԼ峤ƽƽˡ
ͳ峤һ䣬ĻʹҵĻ  ܹԼǵĴڣڵĸ˹Щˣ  ˹ĸЩɸֵ˵˵ӰһλᰡҪǵʱֺ˵Ļ峤һˣû׼ܹΪɭصĶ󰡣Լɡ
״ˣҡ֪Ӧôˣ
˹ɲǸɵӣ峤ѻ˵ˣҪڲ֪ôĻһͷײˡ
˹ĸ׵һҪ㣬峤˵ˣ׻ƻҪúõ̸һ̸
ʲʲô峤Ҫ̸⡭ôܣ
˹Щ±ˣֱϵ¸ڱҪܹ峤ӼĻԺڸɭĵλͲͬնˡ
ɭɶǿ峤˵ɫµİ
˹΢΢Ȼ֪ǰ׵ʲôͷ  ǲ˼ʲôͷѾ׼һϧһдˣ  ҪˣԺ峤˵ʱԼĻǵʱ˹òİ  ˣ峤˻ҪأҾǸһ£СӿɵøҺúñ֡ǰFGŶҲ˼Ҹ֪𣿡
˹ĸҵ绰ʱЩ̵ģFGȻҪɸ峤˵Ķȣʲôأ
˹˿绰׵Ѿǳ׵ıˡ




1288˵ַ
 

ϴƵİڣ
˹׵Ѿǳ׵ıˣôҲû뵽˾Ȼʶ峤
׾ǿԼүүһ㣬֪ԼҪǰ֮˵  һԵʥŸ˹ҲЦһСҪǲʶĻ̡
أһҲԼ˰ɡ΢΢һЦ
Լˣʥסˣ˹ҲʿˮǡǸղš
Ѿ֪㸸˵Ļ΢΢һЦ

˹û뵽׾Ȼôֱӣû뵽׾Ȼܹ͵ԼԼ׵̸
Ȼˣ˹ҲûбҪˡ
׵Ȼ֪ˣҲҴˣҡðһ£峤ôʶ𣿡
Ǻǣ峤ǵȵҪӼ𣿵ʱˣлǻټġЦŵ
ҾͰ˵İΣ˹ЩѯʵĿס
ǲ֪׵ʲôͷȻҲо˵ͷƺǳĴ
Ȼ֪ĵӻǱȽϴһЩģ֪׵ͷĻͲô̹Ȼˡ
׵ͷ˹ַͶŵ˽˰֮У
ַһƺҲѾһЩΣУŸ˹̵˹סĵطѾźˣȥһᡭ
ַ塭˹ַղ븸ͨ˵绰ͨһЩѾ֪Ͷŵ֮ܲ顭
˹³
ַһȻоһ˿˿ĲΪ˹ûںܲãǺַ壬ֱȻǲ̫Ծ  ˹ַݸ״˵˼ӽ㲻ǻŵܲã㱻ˣ
𾪣  ַ׻һ㣬ղǼһ˵һСʱ֮Լ
û뵽ȻΪʵҲ̫аһ㰡
ôҲ벻ͨΪʲôһ֣ʵͰǰ˹Ѿʽ֪ͨˡ
Ҫ֪ߵĿɶǻŵĸ߹ܰ˹ô˵˵仰Ȼûдַκε·
˹ҡΪô꣬ûйҲпͰɣ㡭ôô
ַˣоԼѾǳ׵ɢܲǰʵ
һԵļλ߹ܶǱ˽еһĨ֮ɫѾԱˡ
Ǹַˣ˿Ҳһ㣡  ַҪ˵ĻôǻܹȻǲܵģ
˹ַ־͹˲õˣֶҲܹģֶƹϼôӴһţ𣿡
⡭˹һˣҲԸң
ַ廹֪Ǻġ
Ÿ˹Ǿı飬֪Լǳ׵ˣûκεĻأ  ոԼǮ˵˲ʧȥǧ
û뵽žȻ˵ĴĴǳصġ
Լְͱ˿Ȼͬĸ  ĲΣܶǶҪעԼӵġ
ȦĴСС鲻õ˵ڶ죬¶Ѿ֪ˡ
˹ַҲϣڻŻ㣬ַ塣
㡭㡭ǹݰ˹ơ
ַҲ֪˵棬ôȥԼϻʲô  ַȥӣһӱɳ
˹ЦŵֶһθԶˣԺֶˡ
˹Ըķ䰡ҲԴЦ˵
ʵŶ˵ʲôӰأ
ǶŵеһʹҲ֪Դ֮󣬺ܶ˶侮ʯġ
˹Цŵֶҿ˵㻰֮ˣҾ˹һ½ӣһеķöҵģ
׿˿ŵܲá
ֶңŵףǳ֮ɫ
׿ŶŵȻ˹Ըķ䣬ַǳϤŲϼµ˹Ӱɡ
ңŵײʵ
ܲãӦòܾҵİɣ׿㵵ĶŵҲ΢΢һЦʵ
ֶҡҺεºܹϼŵܲðҡһֶǿǰ
ŵҲ֪ϼŵܲζţԼһǿԵġ
ϼôһţԼȥܲãû뵽ôˡ




1289һܲ
 

֮ڣ˿ѾǱԱʰ˸ɸɾ
ַѾǳ׵뿪ߣͬʱҲսԼڻŵһְ
һЩŹĸ߹ǣһľսĿǰһУ  һһ
û뵽ԭΪ˵ַ壬ͻȻ֮Ѿǵ̨ˡ
ΪѾʧƵĶŵȻһεĳΪǵ˾ϼ˾ܲã
תʵ̫ˣ쵽ǸоЩĿϾӣ  һЩƺѾǿǵδ֪ǵ˸ַҲ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪ڽ֮ǵһģнˮҲǷǳĲ
Ĺ˾˭ϣ뿪أ  ַ岻ϣڳÿһ˻ϣԼ뿪š
ǺǣܣȻ֮ǰ㣬δҲǸӵļޡʵһȻܶ࣬ϼŵܲнҲǧʵҪҸ꣬ǵھǻˡ
ЦŶŶŵǧн˵ȥоͦ˵ġ
ϼĳҵнƺܹһܲõݡ
࣡  һĭʵ˵ĺ֮һԵĶŵƽͶоﻹз㶼һ
ǧн˵ֱ˰
ŵҲЩɵˣҪ֪ڻнҲѾǴﵽİ֮ޡ
һӺȻ䷭ʮ˶оһļ  ŵȶסֶǧʵ̫ˣʵģֻҪҸѾOKˣҸûôڹҲֶģҶŵ϶Ϳء
׿Ŷŵ˹öܵô
ǺǣҸʶҲͦʱˣֶҪ˵Ļַ廹Ҫǿַܶ࣬ҲǻŵϳˣȶܻҪһЩԵʱѡܲõʱҲۺϿһ¡
˹ǶԶŵǳߵˣʵڻż˶֪
ŵǿһַΪʲôԶŵ  Ϊŵ̫ǿ𣿷һҲܲһ¶ŵ侮ʯˡ
ЦŵܰȺڵ۾ѩġ
ǺǣǡǸ˹ҵޣʵǳܲ𰡡
ŵǫ˵Ĺְ޷赲ģȷš
׳һɣǰ꣬ÿǧн֮нǧԪôˣ
ŵ׻Ҫ˵һԵĸ˹ҲЦŵܣҪҵĻҪľӦǸлֶʶ׼ԼδĹ
ŵ̵ллֶһλŬɼ
׵ͷȻŶŵƽΣͬ۴ѧڹϵΣ֮ǰУ˵ԽڹҲ൱о
ֶﰡҾ̸ֽѰŵƽҲǫ˵
ЦŵʵҾý˲ʧΪһִУܹ˲šԼͲź𣿡
źʲôźŵƽЩƵʵ
ЦŵѲɾͲҪʵսһ£˵ղŸ˹ҵţȱһܲõѡθֵܲܣӦҲϵĺܺõİɣ
ңֶǿЦɣ
ŵƽŵһ£ȻҲû뵽׾Ȼʱô˵
Լȥһҵⲻ  ŵƽѧ֣ľͬԼ˵ģ̸ֻֽ
ܶҲ֪
֪ʵս֮Уָ⡣
׿ŶŵƽЦŵʵҵ⣬ӦͨġԹͬ۴ѧڹϵôʦҾҵҲһġ˵ˣԽڹҲǷǳ͸Ҿ˻žҪԼһս𣿡
ŵ׾㵵ʵֶĴõƽҲ
ֵŶܲӦöԼĵܵҲ˽ɣЦʵ
˽˽⣬ҵƽʵҲ֪ġֻǷȱһЩ顭ŵ
ⶫʵҲ۵ġΣһ仰ҸΣ׿ŶŵƽЦʵ
ŵƽҧҧֶʲô˵ˣǻи߸Ӷ
ǺǣΣ˭ƣδӦÿһɼġЦŵ
ллֶŵƽҲ¶һ˿Цݣ֮Щڴ
׿Ŷŵƽнʱ׼Ͱ֮ǰַı׼ɣûŵЩ߹ܶڣҲǰϤһ£
׻䣬Ǽλ߹Ѿǰŵƽʼ֣ҽ  ŵǰĳҲЦŵֶҪĻҡ
ܲãڻ˵⻰Щ˰ˣϼż׳ŶŵЦŵ
õģֶһ׼ʱŵ˿ҲЩӳⷽٵĸо
˵Ϊоżҳ׷
żΪѾ֮·һܲã⻹൱ĺģ
˿̣о￴׵ҲѾǱˣдһ˿˿ʧ䣬ĸоԼס
ȥıӰоҧҧԼ촽ֻ̾һ




1290ǰӢ
 

ŵϼܲһְ  ҵҲһƬȻ󲨣ܶûи㶮⵽ôһ£
Ҫ֪ŵܶ˻֪ġ
ǷһڵĴ֮󣬺ܶ˶ΪλڽľӢ̾Ϣ
˼ҡһ䣬Ϊ˾صⷴʵЩܲˣ  ״ϼܲһ֮Ҳͬʱͬ۴ѧѧҵ
˵׵ݣѾͬ۴ѧѧˡ
ҲǾЩ⣬ϾԽԽ࣬׽ʱҲԽԽ١
Ȼ˵Բ뿪׽磬ĸԼĹһЩʲô
ѧһͬ۴ѧҲû̫ĶǰҵҲȴһɣ
һ֮󣬽ʻ  ʽ̤ǰӢ׵ĺ࣬˵һҲǱȽϵĵ͵ˣֱӱһţǸˡ
˭ܹ뵽׾Ȼķʽȥŷأ˭ֻһͨߣ  ŷʮΣ
ʮεǱȽϵĳģǰǰܹһµʱ䡣
ʮεļ۸ȴǱȽϵУǰǰüҡ
ͨϰ᲻ûǮģ΢еǮ߰εˣԸ⻨Ǯġ
ϾʮΣƽÿҿԴϼʱ䣬ܶ˾ⱲҲйһγľˣһʮң
ŴʮңҲǸвͬʮУʮˣȻҲС
ϻǱȽϵƽεռȻǱȽϵĸߵġ
ֵһ˳ģǱȽϵټġ
Ϊλ϶ԼһѣȻȥһ棬Ƿˡ
ܹǮʱεģǲࡣ
ǼҾܺãֻ˵׬ǮȽ϶˲Żá
һθŵĵǸӣҲеȣȥȺûע֡
Ҳǹ۲һ£棬ҲһǳŮͿȥҲǺܴ
Ů˭ϲ
֮˽֮ȻҲ⣬⿴ŮȻҲΪĲ
Żպ͵ǻƣȥǳɡ
һҲǿԵģһ¾ȻûУǸˡ
ԱߵЩ˴С͸Ҷûʲôˡ
Һãһŷ޷ʮεĵκ٣δһµʱ䣬ǽһŷʮķ飬Ҳϣλܹҵָӣ
٣ĹʵΣ
һ˽磬Ӫǹ·ŷ޷ʮθǵɫ
ÿӴοҲĶ࣬ڴţֻеһѡ
ٶ˲ϵĽŸָĹذʲôģ⣬Ҳ֪εĻûдġ
ĻǾ۾ģܿ죬Ǳ˷ɻ̤ǰӢ׵ĺࡣ
һȥҪһ¸󣬱ϾŷһǱԼҪϤ̫̫ˡ
ʮСʱķɻŵȷǷǳˡ
;һ־ϵĸо˶Ǻ˯ӣ׵ԶҲıδ飡
ӢӦûСʱҵʱ䣬ʱɫѾǽ
ܶҲʼŹȻʼĵʱϾһֻҵʱ䣬г̻Ǻܸϵġ
ףɻôͣ˰
ŷɻϵ䣬ܶ˶Щ졣
Ϊг˵ɻӦֱӢ׵ģʱ򿴵ɻ䣬ҲһĲ졣
ҲԸоɻ䣬ҲЩɻ
Ůʿǡǣɻ֮󼴽ʱͣXXԤʱڰСʱԺ󣬸Ĳ㣬½⣡
ڣһöĹ㲥׻Ĺ㲥
ʲô˼˵ֱɵ𣿡
ǰǿĻզΰӢ˵ķɻǲװ˵ͣͣ
Щ˰ȥӢ׺öˣٻûκͣ
ˣСʱѣȵҲνɣ
µǱ˽ֻҪǷɻ˹Ƕ˵
ҪǷɻʲôĻǶܹܰϾֻһΣ  ܿ죡  ɻͣ˻֮ϣеĳ˿ͼû·ɻģϾʵֻжʮҵʱ䣬һҪǶˣǾͲŪˡ
˼ӴһЩģ·ɻ  ʮ֮ĸɫĽ𷢱۵ŷڿճԱĴ֮˽
УǱκĻ˹Ҽ˹Ϊ׵Ǹ΢΢һЦ
Ǹٵӿſ˹˹ǼΪ˺࣬Ҫĺ෵Ӣס
˹Ż΢΢һЦУǶԲǵλѾˡղҽӵܲźţҹֻǡ
ҵȻ֪ҸǴӢյܲÿǺѣҪȻήطҲʲô취ֻϣĸܹڽϻؼȥѾһˣ͸ˣ
ٿſ˹ɫһļʮ㣬ÿ˹ҲΪΪѡ




1291Ҫ
 

˹ΪκĻҲΪƣ  ⻹Сʱʱ͵ӢˣһСʱ֮ǰյ˺չ˾ܲñĵط  ܲڶԻȷ˵ˣļXX˵⣬ϣ˹ܹͣһ£  ˹ûа취ֻܹΪ·ͻȻҲ˽湵ͨղŽɹ
û뵽λֽٵļһΪҪ˿˹ĺع
Ҳ̫˰Ҳ˵һĳɱж  ˼֪ǽԭĻôӢնᱻΪЦġ
ٿſ˹˹а취ΪǼġ

˹ɻɲǻ𳵣ûλŪվƱġ
һλһˣȷ涨ģ  ҲΪ˵İȫǲŻģҲ˵ĸҪκ࣬ôȻм˿ҪʱԵ
Ȼ˵ٹһҲк˼˭Ըأ  ˹붼֪û˻ԸԼλó  ʲôʲôĻ˹ȥЭһ¡
ڣôȥЭأ
ٿſ˹Цһ˹㻹֪ҸܲõĹϵΣǱܲÿҵսѡ
֪Уˡ˹ŻЩΪѡ
ٳһ׻˶ѣˣ첻ǻзɻǰһ²ͺˣ

˹ѾʼˣĻ˶Լˣ
ɲɵһҪǳĻʱɶԼ
һȻͨ˱ĵ绰ܿ绰ͷѾǴһϵ  ǻ٣˹ƺ̫Ըϰٿſ˹Ȼŵ绰
ѵ绰˹˵
ŵϰӵ绰ЩֺĿſ˹֪һеⶼܹˡ
˹ЩεĽ绰ͷܲУ˼Ҹȥ˿ͣȻ뿪
֪ˣҵѣ˵ǴӢյĹԱ˾ǻ˿һ
Щĵ˵Ȼûа鵱£  ˹ܲһ˳˿ͼµʱǴӢյǿǡ
ܳʲô⣿ǴӢյܲãѲ˵ĻҪͬⲻɣ˹Ҫȥҵģ
ıͷԱкܶġ
ܹΪӢյһǻ൱Ĳ׵ģ˹ʧȥĻôǸܹ
ڱͲʲô£˿Ͷ  ˹̾һܲҪֵĻֻܹϻˣ
˹ҲˣϾѾвĹˣ
ûйΪͥͿ˹һ׬ǮңΪһ֪ʲôΣ  Цŵ˹˵ĻʱְнĻỹеٿõֵܣٴ绰Ұ£ɲûӣ
ӣ
Цӣ  ˹ҡҡͷⱫܲûЩ԰ûа취
ľҲֻܹѭˣ
绰֮󣬿˹ЩͷɥĿŻ٣ŻʤһЦݣ޲ȥһţ
˹ӦܹӦҵҪҲҪ̫࣬ĸλþ͹ˣٿſ˹
ҵȻ֪ĸλãͷ۰ƽʱ˶ôģ֪Ϊʲôᱬ
Ҫ󣡣
˹ҲһͷʹҪ֮ǰһÿһζʮλĻôҲҪȥˡ
ǽʱ໨˰Сʱѣ
ٿſ˹Ͻİɣǻøϻȥأ
˹̾һеĻͲȻų˿͵λ𾴵ÿǣǱκĻ˹һҪǴӢյļλԱΪʱӵ֪ܲͨȥᣬԡ
˹Ǳ߽߾ȫƽԼ֪ʱԲܹԼ̼ˣ  ʲôìܣʱҲǵڳʲôõ
һ˹Ļ··ըһ㣬ʲôʲô
ǵĹԱҪȥᣬܹЩǮĳ˿ĶһİĻ  һӾĸˣ˼Ҫĸزĵط
ܶ˵϶Ѿǳ˵֮ɫϾĵ˭أ




1292ը
 

ʲô˼ƾʲô£Լϰ
أĹĹذ׻ƸͲܷ飡
ģ˵ŷôɶأʲô°
ҿ϶ߣŶûУ
һȺ鼤ܣվˣƺҲûУ
²ѣ߸߹  ʵܵǣֻĸˣҲǺ־ɳǵһԭ  ҪЩ˶ᱻ·ɻĻô϶Ҫִˣ  ʵϣ˹Ѿ˵ĸˣ
ĿľìܾСһЩĸҲʲô
˹Ⱥ鼤ܵӣҲǳ·ͻȻλһ£Ҳ漴λ˿ʱͣʳްŵȸҲᰲŵģ
˹ôǶЩǮƱĳ˿͵һֲذɣҽܲҲҪһҪĻ飬𣿡
һ˵һӢģȥһ̽羫Ӣģ
˹ӵǻ鿼ǵģղҿһ£ѡĿһε½Ƿɻţ
ΪΣԭҲΪƣϾŲװ  һһĹ
֮ǰһֱòҪߵˣһʮˡ
ɻһһʮˣóǵĸʻǷǳСġ
û뵽˹һӾͰǵϣ
ι˾ͺչ˾һ㶼ЭģЭ۸ҲǷǳıˡ
˹һѰι˾֣ʵҲǿǵһ㣬ΪǵĻƱۿ۷ǳ͵֣  ʱĻѶҲǺܴ
ϾǴӢյԱʱǻΪԼĹ˾ǳɱġ
ܶʱһһЩ˻һЩֻŵˣ  ʱŵȴըˣʵû뵽ԼȻΪĿ꣡
ܶԭŵǽǿԵӢˣʮСʱķɻǶɢˡ
û뵽վȻһ֣
վſ˹ʵʶģϾڷһߣ  ˹Ǻ٣Ӧʶİɣٿſ˹
Ȼʶǵĳͣϣܹһ¡
˹źҲʼ
ûκε⣬ҵοͿܾͲôˡϾ˼ҳ棬ľһģͻȻеĸ·ɻŵг̶Ҫ仯ˣ
ٿſ˹˵˵ĻǱȽϵίġ
ֻ˵г仯û˵г˶Ǹ˹һˡ
˹źٵ֮䳤ںӦ֪ͻ
˹ͻҲ⣬ʲôҪĲ˻ʲôǶǿõġ⼸ǵĹԱǲΪǵĹԱַǳ˿͵ɣ
ԴǣһԵĺܶҲ˴Ĵָ  ˹źٵѾ˵ˣ鲢ܹġڸղţǹ˾ܲñԸҴ˵绰⼸˶ǴӢǷǳҪġ
Щ˿ͶҲǷǳҪģҲǳ
άȨ棡
ںٿάԼȨ棬ҲάԼ˾Ȩ棬άЩ˿͵Ȩ棡
ʵϣҲ֪пܻزͷΪ֪˵·
Ȼѡڹڳ˵飬Ǿ˵ѾǾˡ
ǾǺٵıְΪӢյͰԼĳ˿׿ɣ  ⲻķҲɣ  Σ֧㣡
ǣʲôⰡƾʲô˵¾°
ǵģʱΪ˴ˣǵʱͲʱ䰡
һ£ܹôǶǸǮģǰоʹ˾ĵף
һŵҲߵĿǰһУ
ԽԽ󣬿˹ҲЩļ٣ľܲϵĻҲûκεİ취  ҪһֱȥĻʱ˭Ҳ޷ճ  һ˹ģҲ֪˿Ϳ϶Ѳġ
Ż΢΢ʼУҲˣôˣֻмˣ˵ô죿
ô죿ߣھȥˣеĸ˹ˣ˭Ļҵȭͷǲ۾ģ
ٿ˿˹ٿǺʨսӵĳԱÿ˶һʮ  ￴ȥеӣǵиûκεս
ҷûκεİ취ˣҪһĻֻܹˣ
˹Ҳ˦˰ӣɲҪΪ鷳ˣ  С
Цһźٵķ˹ȥ¶һ˿Ц




1293±Ʋ
 

ٽǳĲãԭĺǿԸϵϵġ
Ϊǿĳ⣬·êˣ
⵼ûиϻȥĺ࣬ٸϻȥԭΪԼҪգ  ǳż˴ӢյܲñⱫսѣȻǹϵǳĲ
Ҳûоʲô£鷳һЩѣ
ѣǷǳĵġ
ҲΪˣڵһĻ  ˹ΪʵЩ˼飬ֲ˼ͷǰڼ
˹ЩƣǹڱܲõУôأ
ȻнˮһʧȥԴʱùԼ
˹Эˣ
֪ԼЭĺʲôֻܹһֻ۱һֻˣ  ٴżһλսָ£˺ڵ
ã115ŵ146ѡ
λսҲǵõԿ˹Ϊ˹ܷɻӵžԵȨ  ٿλսٺһЦŮڿѡˣ
λսʵҲ֪ʲô£ǿ˹˵ˣڴӢյܲñġ
ܹʲô취أӢյܲãǷַӿԾǹˡ
£òͷ  һΣڱҪתΪʵ
׿⼸ˣüͷ΢΢һ壬ʵЩȻҲǹȥ
һӢףǵ͵ǱУ  ƫƫȻĵ飬׵һŭ
ѡ׵ĻҲһ£ϾһιŸҪ飡  һǰ˵ĻʱĲ̫Ū
ȻҲ֪ԼֵĸʺСǾ̲
ֻԽô룬ЩԽԸ  㣬
ٵһľҫ۵λŮƺ⼸һΪ֮
ƾʲô·ɻǸߵģҲ
λŮŻٻðɣǿóƺҲЩǣϾǿѹͷߣ
ٿЦ˼˵ˣ˵㣡ȥ͵ȥԸڷɻ죬ǻһ˻
ٵӷǳǷ⣬û˸վ
ЩһǻģȥͲʲô࣡  ٿŻٵҡҪͶǣ
ͶߣߣҲҹȥٿźЦһ
ңǵΣұҵš
ɫǺ죬û뵽پȻҲȥⲻǳ
ٵԱߣ˹ĵΣû˵ο¡
ҹʲôβεģʲôϵȥ𣿡бۿһ¿˹  ˹ǽһΰŻٵɣҪǳʲôĻ
˹Ҷ˵ǸСڿ㻹Ǹ۲۵ĵСҵҪ˭Ҹһ£
ٿһԵˣ֮¶һ˿мЦ⣡
ʵϣӢ׵ıҪĻĻΪһͨսѸ˾Ϳĺţ  Ȼǰ˻٣ǱȻǶԼͼôġ
˱ĲΣȻԼġ

һץס˺٣ȻСһЩĺֱӸק˳
ǻٵĶ֣  Ҫ֪ٿӢ׺ʨսӵˣʵӹɵǿ  ˣڻٵϹŸֲһغϰɣ
ô˰ƾʲôǵΰ
ǰƾʲô˰û˰ǿо
ĻǾȫߣ
ˣϾ˼ҵĵϣһ²һ°
мģкµģһЩˣǶȰ˲Ҫ£  Ͼڹ⣬µĻǵʱԿϵĻԼ  ۿһԵļ˵˭
ɨһȦΧˣŵ˻϶վˣɻһһﾹȻǱߣ
СӣͦеİٿΧû˸ҸţҲǰĿ˿Ŵ׵ϡ
ǲǸ˰ȥͦߵСӣǳˣƨһ
ǣ治Ǹˣ͵ˣ
СӰǸ˾ôûһأ
ЩСӰûи˵ʲôأ
ԭЩѾûеطˣڿһ¶⣬Ȼһ˿Ŵ⣬ƺ͵ʲô鶼ûз
ǿ벻̰




1294´˰
 

ɻϣ  λٸָյŮףҲǳ˲м  ŮͼμΣSʡ˵׻ˡ
ͼμνʮ꣬ҲһССĳɹʿһβȥ棬ǹһ֣
ͼμδѧҵ֮ҵĸнȻһ  ͦеģұȽϵ׬Ǯ  һԪһŷ޷ʮΣ֮Уʵֱͨۼģ
֮ǰʵѾԼķø׬ˡ
ҵһʱ䣬ͼμѾ׬˺üʮţܿľۼһ˿  ķ˿ڲϵģԽԽе
ͼμԭҪͨһεֱۼг̰ţǼҪʼε̡
ͼμԼƽ̨ϣҲѾǽԼĹȥˡ
ܶ˿Ѿʼ׼ȴŮͼμεֱˡ
ȻԼʧҪӢ׵ʱ;ȴô۶ӣ  ҪȥĻег̲Ҫˣ  ͼμĵĲǱģԼķ˿ʧҪ֪һԼ˵Ļ˿ʧٶȿԶԶԼҪĶ࣡
˵֮ǰŵһΣһʱۼһٶ򣬿ɾΪһʱûжֳŵ˿ʧʮ
ʲô  ˿ǼͼμĻҪʧڷ˿Ļ˼ҿɲ㽲ʲô͹۵
ڼͼμż뷨ʹһֻҪԼĻǾˣ
ܻ˱еİɣ  ܲңͼμγڵĳ࣬ûһӿ
ͼμƣŻٵɷӣźٿʼˡ
ΪһŮӣȻǺ²ѵģ
ֻΪһŮӻ˵һЩϾĹһ£
ǵţǸ಻ǺܳڵݸкȻ˵ı
ͼμһֱڿˣҲһΪ׾ĺ档
ŭһǹ˾Ϊ̫࣬ԲŽᣡ㻹ǲǸ˰
׿żͼμΣֻʼ粢δ˵
ͼμͶˣûκεİ취
һԵĻٿ׹һЦСӣҷһȽϵʶడ֪һûк³ġ
׸ȻЩⷽ뷨Ҳǻ˻ûʲô̫ľٶ
ҪٸղŶԺȭߵĻ׻ǲˣ  ΢΢תͷ˿٣ûилҲû˵  УһǲǸӰǸưͣٵԱߣһ׳ҲǿЦʵ
һ˵Ļ㡭һ£
ЦЦϾ˵Ӣģ˻Ĳһܹö
ҪЩ˶طԵĻҪθʲô
ٿŻ٣оһ裬ô꣬оԼҲûܹ˵裡  ûа취ٵļһһԲϾͶְ
ٿ˿ףҪ˵׿źٵöĻѲɻҪȥл
˵ʲô
ٿ׾Ȼ˵ˣһʱҲǷǳƣ
ٿ˿ף׿źٵҵԭˣ
˶סˣ
ղŻ˵һﲻˣ˵ĲǸ˰
仰һ˵ȥǲǰѶʲôٵ˸  Щɵ۵ĿףһԼԭ
㡭Ҫԭ˵ģٿʿˮʵ
һԵĻһץס˺ٳСӣ˵ʲôأϽң
׿źٵͽҵԭˣƱԼģʲô
СţղŻûпó
ǰû뵽˼ôţֱӸ˾Ͷˣ
Ҿ˵׻ôûйģ˼ֻǲ鷳ѣ
СҲ̫嶯˰
µһ˻һ䣬Ѿʼ佱ˡ
ûа취Żٵλղ˵ˣλþģҪл㣡
˵ʲô˵һ飬û
ٵɫһû뵽Լһʱ׼ŹСӣҲ׼Ҫµһ
һǵ飬ȻôԼ˵  ٳ˵һ黹
ɿ˺٣׵ķ˹ȥ첻˾ͻԼһֱȥ
һԵļͼμοŻ˹ҲԼĭ
ղ޶ָˣƺҪùˣ  ĽǶ˵ͼμθоԼʲôƺһһ㣡




1295³ԱĻ
 

ڣЩ죡
˵Ŀⶼ׵ϣԭΪһث֣ڿ˼ҷǵث֣ҸԻô
ʱ˭Ϊ׳ͷأһԵļͼμЩ  ŻٴԱ߾ͼμվλϣָŻٵʲôĻǾʹ绰ˣ
ǴɣӢ׵ô
ٿżͼμЦһûаŮ˷У
ֵܽǣǶ׻ˣһٶ˻ֻҪŽһģǡ
ͼμδ˿ҲΪļԼô˵ʲôף  ڻٵɫѾǱֱ䣡  һٶ˸ǶֵĻǵǲʲô⵽ʱһĻɾִˡ
ֻҪɻ˳۸۸׻˶ѡ
ڿͼμɿģҲЩŭɶĿżͼμεΪǸŮҾͲҴ㣬ŲھͰ·ɻ
б£һ㰡
ͼμҲǻȥˣղѾҪ·ɻˣѲɻбҵ  Ҳ첻µزµˣ·ɻΰ
ٿżͼμΣٺЦһвİˣǼ˭ҪǸҶͰ·ɻұҪŮ˵˵˰
ԭ׼׶ȥĻ٣һ˲ͽĿһεĶ׼˼ͼμΣ
һԵĿ˹ŻٳУҾĿ겻ӦһŮˣģ
˹ҵ黹ֲ죬ڲĻŲʹӴӢչ
Ҳ֪˹˵ķԼʵϲǵĹ
Ҳס˿˹ߴ磬ֻܹվԼߣ
˹ЩᣬŻУҪŮ˶ֵĻҾǲҪݹҲҪֹˣ
˹㻹һνʿȣǿЦսŮ˻Ҳһ
ٿſ˹ŭһ
ڲսʱڣҲǾ֮ˣ𣿡˹
úúã˹ǺİҺҵĸ㣬ͿԴӴӢչˡ
Ҳըˣ׻˸ԼȥҲˡ
û뵽˹ļһȻҲҸԼȥ  ȻҪĻôپԼӦҪȫһһﰡ
㡭
˹ֶЩ΢΢Ȼ֪ǲҶԼôģϾԼǷԱ
أһڿȥƺЩɥĲӰ  ͣ˼ͼμεĸǰҲЩЭĿһۼͼμ֮һû֮ǰԼ·ɻ
ҾͲ·ɻܰôͼμѾǻȥˣÿף  ǸŮ˵ķϣʱ㡭
Ҳû˵ԼʵҲ֪һŮ˻𹫷ߵġ
ԭֻҪϷһŮ˶ѣڿ˹ҲʧȥȤ  УСӸղŶǳԲѷҿһѵǳǵ
Ǹ˵ӣŻҲǳ
ٵͷȻЦһСӣŮ˵ĺʲôղ㲻Ǻү𣿳
ҳҾͳ
׿Ż٣˵ǰʮ㣬ԭЩΪǸ˰û뵽һ˵˵𺳣
ٷζըˣĲ˻Ƕడ  Լ̫ʴˣҪȻҲһŮ˺˰㲻
ҳ
ٵĴѾץס׵죬ǵץסһ̣һֻѾץס  Цһһͨ˸ҸǺʨսӵ˹ȥ˼  һקҪ˶קǵ֮ȴǸһﾹȻǱ˿  󴦣ȻһʹУⲻӦð  ٵɴ۾ǰһĻʵû뵽龹Ȼġ
УҪæ𣿡һԿŻپȻûи㶨СӣҲǰʵ
һȥԸôһСӻҪ𣿡ɫǺ죬ԼСӵģ  Ǻ  һεףһֻȭͷѾǳ׵Ķͷк˹ȥ
䣡
ȭͷȭͷȭһѾǴ˵ĶУ  ໡
ٸоԼѾʧȥ֪һ㣬ղһȭ˶ûռκεıˣƣ
Աˣ  ٵ˾Ȼһ֮ǰ뿴һ۵˵ϳԱˣоһŭ޷ƽϢ  ҰСپĶźļ˵
һʱ䣬Ѿһţ




1296
 

ڣ
ͼμεѾ˺˺üףϾȭۣʱĳʲôĻǻǲ˵ˡ
ôҲû뵽ˣȻǸʲôٵУԱˣ
ЩһͲʲôӢյˣӦӢ׾֮ˡ
ֻЩҸͷѣڿ߾ȻվˣܶѾֽкˣ  ˹һҲЩ죬ʲô̫ˡ
ǿǺʨսӵ˰ǰһǸ񶷵ĸ֣ôһ׻ƵСӾͲˣ
˵һٳԱ̳ǰȥ׵ͷһǷɽţ
ܶ˶۾ҿˣ˴ʵ̫һЩ
ԭǱߣɵһǷɽŹʱֱӲĽٵ˹  أ
ʵʵһţ˵ľսѥֱӴ˻ٵϣ  ʱֱӱ߷ڵأȥͦصӣǿʣ  ȫһţҲǴ߻ˣ
˶ĿɿڴĿǰһУôҲû뵽龹Ȼġ
ղŵˣת˲֮ͱ˭ҲûвµĽְ  ɱ
Ҳǿһ£Լ˾ȻԼˣȥԺӿô
СӻǹİȻûΪƣ
Ҳ֣ԻٵʵԲܵСӵĳİɣ
ôڻأ  һӵϣ׵ķֱȥȥҪһڽ׸̵һ㣡  ЦһԸЩö֣  ЩʵЩ̫ȻҲˣһŷޣͲţ
ڿȲ֮£ǲ֣ҲѾ·ˣ  ˵ȭͷ׵кȥ֮һȭѾֱӳ˵
䣡
һȭ֮˵ĿһѪˮѾǵܣ
Աߵ˼״ҲǷŭĿʼȭ  СĿռ֮УȭѾǽ˸ɷڵأʵǺѹ  ĸˣô˵ϣȥ쳣ʹ࣡  һԵĿ˹ŵҲЩ˵ˣ̫˰һһ˾ȻɷʨսӵĳԱ
ȿֲս˿Ŷоһķ  ԭΪԻʩһεĻҾ棬ڿ˹ƺѾЩԼƿˡ
Żٵڵϵӣ˹һҲ֪Ӧ˵ʲôˣ
ʵ˵ףΪ˹ЩճԱԼûʲô  ԭٵ˾ͲӦطϷɻģôһʵ֪ôճźˡ
С˼ѧİ
ߣҲЩ˿׻ƹʲô
û뵽һ澹Ȼôһְ̫˧
ѽҪʦֱ˧Ľడ˧Ҫӣ
µһ˵ȻȸԾһ黳һ׻ܵ黳
⣬ܶʱ׻˲ȻľͳΪһ壬빲ǹͬˣ
һ̣׵ĳʣø˾׻Ƶĳ
Щ˲ţ  Щ˲ϲ۸  ںˣ׻վˣ׻ƵĹչǵǰˣ
ЩôأһҲ򰡣  ּϲãֻڳЩ˲ܹᵽ磬ĳһʲô黳ɣ
ЩѾǽ׵Ӣۣ۲۵Ӣۣ
ͼμο׵ӣ޲ϰһĻҪǷɻϲʹֻĻôˣ
һղԼˣһ̻ĴԼ
ǼͼμξĴҪǶβźء
緢ӣоԼһС¹ײ
ŮӢۣ  仰˵Ļȷģ˵ʵͼμǰһֱ仰Щ֮Աǣ
ƺ仰ȷ⣡  ˿̣׵ҲѾЩˣ  ׿ŻټˣǰŵװˣϽҹӰǵӢ׵ʱ䡭
ʵѾˣö˰  ĸˣĸʨսӵˣȻһӸˣ  еֱһܹأ
޲ԼֱʧߣһԵ˵Ҳ˹ЩΡΡİѻٸĳŻǱ˹ȥ  ֮ʣԹĿ⿴ףѾŭ죡
׸Ҳûа⼸˵£һҪʲô۶ӵĻɲˣ
Żٵȥ˹ҲΪΣϾԼ֪ôȥˣ  ׿ſ˹˹ڿԳ˰ɣ
úúãϳϳ
˹ҲһΣһҲЩĸоˡ




1297Ҫʦļͼμ
 

ɻڣ  һƬڣһڷɻϵһɫ׻ˣ
˵ı֣Ϊе׻˶һ
һ˸оǳˬ  һεʱͼμѾǸԱߵ˻λ
κҲǸ˻λ׵Աߣ  ˣ˵ʵ׻ǿеģ  Σٵһ̣˲ûһȽеˣͼμΪһŮˣҲǷǳĲ  ҪһЩҪǿö࣬ҲЩˣ
Σ磬Ҫǳʲô鱻˴ˣҪάȨ¶ף  Լһ˻ĶԸЩˡ
˲֪֪ЩӦöʷǳˡ
ҪԼЩ˼һ¶ĸ˵Ķ֡
˧磬ãҽмͼμΣͼμεҲ֡
һԵĺҲǳ΢΢һЦãԼͲˣһĸлҪĻǿ¡
⣬˭ҲҪ£ǵԼϣҲܵɣǺǡ
Ҳ£СʱִܹӢףһ·춼Ǻõġ
飬ܶ˶ʼ
ˣҲʼЦ졣
ȻղžյһĻѾȥˣҲ;֮еһˡ
ϺұǾһ˻Ϊ㣬Ҳ˳ˡ
ܶ˿߶Ĵָ֣
ͼμοЦʵǲѧİҸղſĺ
ǺǣҲǸûõ˰ɣҲǰ뿪Цʵ
ͼμοЩ˼˵ҡ֮ǰͿˣǸʱ㡭
Ҫǣֻܹǵùɣңʼ
˵ʵ㱳Թᰡ
Щ˻ײ׵ǹϣŻľ棡  ҪǻˣͲһˡ
ûа취Ȼײˣֻܹ㵹ùˣ  һԵĺЦŵҴôʱ䣬ǵһ飡ӢҲ̫ˣÿ͵˿ҪĻ
Σʹ˹ȥˣҲҪ̫ϡҲΪԼҲṵ̂ʲôģڲ̫ߵ
ȻѾߵˣ鶼Ѿȥˣϣ˵һЩĻ⣡
ͼμһõЦݿ׵ҡиҪ㰡ǲѧ䰡
ţѧ
ҲΣ壬ȥǺǿ׳һӸɵĸ׳ԼҲҸɰ  ڼȻͼμôϣôȻҲǲľͳˡ
ЦŵǰһֱΪѧЩ˶ǻȭȣҲ֪ô£ղȭŵĹͰЩ˸ǲˣĺ˧
ͼμҲǵҪܹ¼һƵ͸ˣϧʱҶûзӦĹ
õõãƵ˰ɣϰ֮˿ɲװڰֵ
ͼμκٺһЦǡûɶͽĴ㰡ҡҲѧϰѧϰ
ͽû㣬˵ˣҿ㻹ǸѧɣӦѧҵΪأЦŵ
ͼμκٺһЦѾҵ˰Լ׬ǮԼȥ
Ŷʲôİ׿żͼμʵ
ҰҾֱģӦ֪İɣҴѧҵ֮󣬸оһ˵ҵҲҷԼҵĹˣ
ͼμβΪֱʲôְҵ෴ֻҪ׬Ǯˣ  ܹ׬ǮǾ˵ʵҵļֵ  һԵĺ̾˵û뵽Ů㾹ȻֱİŮֱӦǱȽϵܻӭİɣ
ЩֱȣҲǸСϺ׶ѣ˼ЩܹʶǣǹǾˬˡЩһҲܼЩǵİ
ͼμҲʼ磬ȥûʲô֮飡  ˼ܹҵʲôģ˼ҵı£Լܹ׬ǮҲԼı£  һҲΪֱˣЦʵ
ͼμĴָǴһξ׼ֱ߱ҲǻһֱķʽɣʵһʼһθһЩҿϤϤأֻΪ죬ԡ
ûⰡҪ㲻֪ģʱһ԰˵Ĳ˵˵Щ羰רҵİ
Ҳѵÿ˸Ц
һ·˾ô죬Сʱʱܿȥˣ  ֮ǰ;һѾʧӰ٣ҲǶԼͼμκͺЩˣоһο  ɻִܿӢףִ֮ȴûκεϢ˶˻֮ڣȴϢ




1298ͷĻ
 

Ӣ׹ʻӢ׵׶࣡
ռȽϵĴ󣬲ӢΪһطĹңǵԴҲǱȽϵѷģ  ǵĻһЩĳʵǲܱȵģ
ô°ôŰ˰
ǰʮˣʲô˼ذ
ԺҲƵطˣǮ˻ûźã
㲻ЩզôţģѲǷ첻ɣһչ˾
ԭڴ˷ɻúõϢһʳʲôġ
û뵽ɻվ˽ʮӣȴһĶûС
ɻϵĹ㲥ҲûвһеΪʲôúܶ˶Ǹо޷ܣ  ֮ǰѾǳֹһ۶ˣû뵽ھȻ۶ӳ֣  Ҳˣ
ɻʻڣ  ˹ĺոյִͽӵ˵ҪֱӶԻ  ԻǴӢչ˾ܲñڵıǳŭ  ԼĺѻپȻûбҲˣһɻϵЩ˸ˣ
ȻҲЩ֣ϾٵΪʨսӵˣʵǷǳĲġ
ǻٻƭԼ𣿱˴˾Ǳ˴ˣ
⻹㣬ɻˣûһԥ
ûطҪǼ˳˹Ȼ׵ģϾԼԱ
˹ô£ŵ绰ͷĿ˹һŭ
Ҫ֪һӢĳĶӰǺǺô򵥣˼ʮ  Լ  ֪Լﲻٵĸ׻ǴӢյĹɶ֮һ
ǵڶɶԼܹλãٻǧ˿Ƶϵġ
ҲΪʲôȻ÷ɻʱͣXXҲҪѻٸӻһԭ  ѲΪپԼսѣͿô
ֲɵӣȻ֪мϵˣ
ʵҲ֪ôеһЩգϾչ˾ȨôֱӺǷǳصġ
ÿ˹µĿҲߣ  ˹ǳûаѻٸٺãһ˻٣ñô˼Ұ
˹űܲÿһŭҲε˵ܲҲûа취УȴˣȻûдĹ˼ң˵ô죿ôÿܲͣ߰ɣҾȻˣ
㻹ǲǣҸ˹ӽ쿪ʼʹǴӢչ
˹ȻҸԼ죬һŭˣ
һǲʶôȻԼҶ  ˹ЩƣܲãĲΪԼʲô˵оҵ񡣰ȫͳ˿͵Ҳҵ֮ǰѾͣǱߵȴǡ
˹֪֪ʲôˣʵ
֪ĺѣ˹ЩΪĺ  ѲĺڴӢվܹôţô
ҵĺѣΪΪʲôôҸ㣬ٵĸǴӢյĵڶɶ
ʲô
˹Щ±ƵʵȻû뵽ⱳȻôһϵ  ҪˣҪȻΪΪʲôô˹Ҹ㣬ĲңҲұҪ㡣ұЩɶ֪𣿾Ҫס㣬Ҳˣ
˵⻰˼ԼûκεĹϵ
ʵǱôĻ˹²  ˹ʵܲӦô죿
ҪڴӢգΨһİ취ǵŻٻѾɳ˽˷ɻȥˣаСʱҵĹӦҲˣ
˹ķɻɵʱҲҪصĻйܹͨ
ȻڷɻֻСʱʱ䣬ʵǵߵʱѾСʱʱ䣡
ɳȥķɻǱ߼ûͣͿԻˣһһصʱҲ࣡  ˹űĻЩҪˣѾɸʲô˽˷ɻû  ⴿľû°
һ·ɻ˹ջЩЭʵ
֮ǰ˵мֵر׵ģһ˷ɻֻҪָһЩˣһ˰ץģ
¶һ˿Цݣ֪ѻٵĻйĻԺͻ֮Ĺϵ¶Ϊˡ
Сʱ֮󣬿˹Ǵ뵽˷ɻĻڣ  ҲһΪôȥˣ֪ǻѾǵִӢף׼ǵ鷳أ  Ǽͼμκͺ٣Ϊˡ




1299겻ɢ
 

ڴ  Żٵվ˻ĳڣǵԱ߻վźܶİԱһȥʲô࣡  ҲܣǼһҪˣ
ٴ˿ɫҲΪѿϻЩ׵ĸо
ôǿˣȻҲǱԻָ
һԵ˿ŻٵУСЩаŰǲѧ˵е׻ƹ򣿡
ôɲҪˣӢףǵ׻ƣһ
һԵıҲЩΣԭһ򵥵飬û뵽ôĸӣ
Զ˹ߣҲʾ˹ӿŲ
˹ŻٵһεվߣҲһ꣬˰
ûа취Ѿˣһһͷôܹôأ
˹Щأٿſ˹
ǰмӾͳˣǰġ˹
ſ˹һȰǰ˴İҰɣ
ȵ˰ңúõʰǣٺٺЦһ
Żٳ٣ҿ黹СһЩԷð
ʲôӢջ˭ҸһٹȥЦſ˹˹һҲҪڿˣ
ЩƵ˵٣˹Ҳûа취ΪķԱ֮һ
ķԱǣǴӢջȱķԱ𣿴쿪ʼϣ˴ӴӢյĵʧ
ٸᱫʵϱҲ֪һ¶ģǸĲ˵ġ
˱ʵ̫˽ˣҲΪ˽⣬ЩŻôƶ  ӹ̻ҪģȰͣʵÿ˹ҲһЩ
Ͼ˹һȫȫǹˣ
˹ŻΪʵ˺𣿡
㺮ôˣӢ˵㣬˵㣬ллָʹ˵
ˡ
ڿ˹Ҫ˵ʱһԵ˿ŻѾǳ
ȥƺ׻Щ£ҪȻҲǸղһġ
Զ  ׿ŻٵѾվǱߣҲһЦ
ԭ׻Ϊһ϶ǻزģȳκʲôأ
Ϊײ̫ط£ϾҪĳЩ˵עĻǿɾͲ̫ˡ
ȻˣҲһСµˣ
飬Ѿˣ
ͼμκͺһ˵ЦҶһŵģδһǼĻҲǷǳĶġ
ֻǵٳǰȥʱŵһӾפ㣡  ֡ǡ
һĿֹЩ˻겻ɢ
ͼμ˳źٵķ˹ȥҲǺзһ๾
ˣˣ  ˵ʵͼμαϾǸŮޣôܵôأ  ʱļͼμҲʿˮ֡֡ˣ
׵ϲûʲô̫ı飬żͼμεû£Ѿ˷ɻˣôǺǡ
ϾӢף׻ơ⵽ʱһʲôĻӢ׵ǰ˾Բܰǵİٵ
һԵļͼμҲǵǰʱһʲôĻ㶼û˵ȥ
ЦŵֲʲôǿҲʲôͨǺǸʲôҪһЩ飬ӢҲûѵģ
ûҵĻҪֵĻ˻ĲĶ֡׻Ҳоϻ˫ȭѵ֣㿴󰲱Ա붼ʮ˰Ȼ˳׼ģ
ٵڿҲһĽ֮ɫ
֪һ˼ҵҪĿܾףһֱ׵Ļ϶ҲΣյġ
ںٿӺɷΪΪ  ׿źЦŵϺżμߣҶ֣ǾҪץҲץңܵǣ
һǾ˲һʵҲǿ鿼ˡ
ֱ˵Ļֻ˵ǵԵֵ˽ˡ
ȻˣҲܹǣͶЩ˵ƣ˭Ҳǻĵġ
ͼμһԼٵ˵ϺҪ߰Ҽͼμο϶ǲߵġҪĻڷɻ϶Ѿùˣ
Ҳʼʲô£¸ʲôЩŵοͿһӲ̫ý
ʲôýİ˼Ҷ۸ͷˣǲæǲѾˣôذ
ͼμЩм˵Ҳ֪Щ˾Բܰǵġ
׿żͼμκͺٵȥʲô˵ɡ
˿̣ǰ˶ѾߵĲˣͻٵһûţź׵ˣٵü֮Ҳ͸һɺ֮ɫ




1300ŵĻ
 

վס
ԱѾס˺ٵˣ˿ȥŵοͶǱߵȴţ
Ͼû˺٣ǶǸûͷĲӬһ㣬֪ȥ
ǵкܶ˶ʶ⼸˵ģ
Żٵ˵ӣǾ֪ûô׽ˡ
һһĳȥ֮˶Ŀⶢ׵ϣ
ʲô
ͼμֱһǰȥȻǼŭ
ʲôǻЯΥƷǼȥȥһ£
Ǹͷͷ׵˳ղѾյ˱
˾ǻҪѰҵˣǲҸɴ߶ѣ
ɣ֤ǶǾϸļŽģƾʲôҪǸߣٿЩ˳
Щǲ˰޷Ѿһĳ̶˰
˵Բ߲֪ǼԲ
ԺҲƵطˣѻҪץǵˣЦ
İ⵼ζץˣѲڻҹ
Ⱥһļȴû˸ǰ
Ͼڹ⣬˭ҲҪǣʱùԼ  ׿˿ٵˣЦһ㻹겻ɢ֮ǰһٴ˸ɸɾ˰
СӣΪﻹXXӢףСӾ͵ɣ
ֱԲ䣬ڵĵ̣⼸˷첻ɣ
ǹεļСӶѣܷ˻  ŵģһα֮ǰҪźܶ࣬Ѿ뵽öַĥԼ׻Сˡ
УҪСӷϻˣ̫ˣǻǰǴ˵ɣһѵ
ϾڴӢյ֮ܲͥ£ҪʲôЩˣ  ͼμε˻Ҫ˵׿˿һԵ˵ȸߣ
ɡҪǸߵĻǡ
ͼμЩˣȻҲ֪첲šȵĵ
֪һߵĻʱ¾Ͳܿˡ
ٿҲǳҪҪǵĴʹݴ绰̫ˣ
ҸѴ绰ɡ׿˵
ٿЦһ绰򰡣ҽ쵹Ҫ˭ܹȵǣ
˵ٰ꣬ĳǰ˹ȥ  һԵĿ˹Ҳ΢΢ҡͷ׳Сӣ㻹Сһɣʲô鶼óѾ߸ˣΪ֮ɣ
˵꣬˹ԼҲŭĳ˹ȥ
ȥһˣȻͱˣ
ȥоһЦһ㣬µһԼ
˼Ŀ˿ȥĿ˹ʵҲܵĳһΡ
ͳ˵绰ֱӴ˸  ʵϣһ׶Σһֱڵȴ׵ĵ֪ʲô  һʱ䣬ϳסӢ棡
ϾܹҵĵطҲֻһǾӢ֣
ó绰׼򣬼ͼμκͺٻ࿴һۣǴӶԷжǿ˵ǣ
һļһӢмѣӢһƺͷĴ󣬶˼Ǳô˼Ҷ  Ǹûκεİ취ֻܹϣЩ˲Ҫ̫Ϊˣ  ͷ룬ƺ̫ܣ  ֮ǰ׶ֵʱû˿鰡ڷˮתˣ˻ôĿ
ˣҪ𣿡
ԭԼİ칫õʱ⣬һ״绰ʱŵòһƱûжס
˿̬Ҫжٰ
׵ѾӢˣڻ顣
ţ飿ʲô飿ʵ
Լ˵ʵʲô鰡
Ҳ֪һ˹ǷǳܵģҪԱܵġ
Ȼ׽磬ɱϾСʻ괬һ˾˵Ҫ飡  ׳ӢյĻץҺҵѣ߶ȻȥȻȻ󲨣㶮ҵ˼𣿡
ˣӢǰɣңӢյĹɶʶġ 
Ŷʶ׿Ÿʵ
ʵӢյĵһɶ˹¼壬ɣ͸-˹һ绰ĵ̾Ȼ
Ҳ΢΢һЦҲ׻ʲôģ˵ҲΪɣ
һҵϢ
˵꣬׵˱Żٵȥνİң




1301ֱ
 

Ӣհң
˵ǰңʵֻһտİ칫Ҷѣ
׵˽ʱ򣬸оѾǲ̫Ծˣ
ܴ󣬼ʮѾǽ׵˸Χס
׿ŻٵЦһһỹ£ȻǼ飬Ǿͼɣ
Сӣ㻹ͦİٿ
һԵЩĿżͼμΣһ¿ˮУҪȻŮȼ飿
٣ãǾʹŮ˿ʼɣ
ЦһĿһĶżͼμεĳЩλ  üͼμڵһͺˣԼǰȻ㡭ʲô
ʲôȻǼ鰡·ˡ˺ٺһЦ
޳ܣåĸôģǲ𣿡ͼμһŭȵ
˼ˣֻܹ˹ˣ˺ٺһЦ
ң
ͼμֻû뵽ʱ˾Ȼ˵Ҫ  Ŀ־壬֪ʱԲܹ
ΪʲôңǼıҪ
ʼѾǳżͼμεķ˹ȥ
ͼμЩҵĶ׵оԼǱˡ
Сӣҹһʰ㣡
˴˿Ѿǹϣͼμǰ͹̣ҲΪˣŮҲ׹˵
ŻٲûʲôԣΪԼܹһ֮ˡ
˿̣ﻹʲô˼߽Ͼ
¶һ˿΢ЦǰɣȰûǲҪô嶯

ֱһ׼׵ϣҪ֪ôˣĵ
Ϊ׸ʱҸԼֵģҲΪˣеȥף
Ͼ֮ǰ״ǵʱΪײУеˣ
أ
˶ݺݵĿףһŷ߹ȥʱԼȲһͷѵ  ǲ  һǹͷѣ˿ڿˣѾǵڵʹ಻ѣ
жĥ  ԭ˾һᣬû뵽˾Ȼ·ơ
һҪԼͼμζֶŵģǿ벻̣  ڿûôʴ֮ģôһأҲǷַӵ飡  㾹ȻҶ֣Ұǰ
ٿʹģҲǱŭѣ
ЦһҲһλᣬڷߣҾ͵ʲôûз
ȥɣﻹһΨһ뷨Ūˣ
ǲ  ٵȭͷոպ˹ֱһץס˻ٵȭͷȻһ
ٵɫ৵һɷף˶ͷ亹ܣ
Ӳıˣ
׵ĳֿ׼ݣȺ֮ɫҲһסڳеˡ
һԵı֪ʲô·û뵽ǰ׻ƵСӾȻôţ棡
ʿˮ㡭ǾȻŹǴӢյĹԱ
Ź򣿺ǺǣֻƵҿһֱ¼أҵҪҹȥôһ
ֻҡ˼£һ׵Ļˣ  һﾹȻطƵĻһƵȥĻʱӢտ¾ͻһ˰  ʱǳΪǧָ  Ұֻ
ûκ뷨Ψһ뷨׵ֻֻֻŷֹķ
һ£ЩԱһӵϣ  䣡
һȭһ׵ĸȭЩ˼һıԵ  ˵ôʣµʮҲʿˮ
̫ǿˣ
ʵ̫ǿˣ  Ѿǿˣ֪Ӧôˣ
ڵɴ۾ǰһУҲǴùġ
֪ùĲܴ򰡣ΪһлƵأ  㡭ô̸̸ΣףЩˡ
Ҳ֪Լʮ˾һϣǵʱЧҲһģ
٣ҲǸ̸̸ָָٳ
⡭⡭
Ҳ֪˻ٵĸЪĻ¾ˣ  ໣
ڱԥ֮ʣһֻѾǲ˻ٵϣִһʹĺУ  ţ֪ͨЪ
̾һôҲû뵽ᷢչôһز˿ѾЩˡ
űͳ绰˳ȥҲŸ  ۸İֱµģ




1302ҪƵ
 

ڣ
նȻһ䣬ղǽŵѾʧˣȡ֮Ǳ˺µ飡  ЪľסأǺԶʵڻԶһڣ  ЪӢ׵ĺλ磡
ǵĹϮģʵٵЪʵҲǿϮ֮λģ  ֻЪӵĵ绰ԼĶڴӢ߱˴˵ʱ˶סˣ
ԼĶӣԼĵ̱˴ˣ
ԼĶǿǺʨսӵʿôܻᱻ˸أ  ЪЩţǱƶӣЪҲһĻң
Ъôһӣôܻ᲻ԼӵĴأ
ʮ֮ЪѾǳԼ˽רִ˴Ӣյİң
׿һ׵˹Ҳ֪ӦþǻٵĸףЪˣ  ʵϣЪһˣӢ׺ܶ嶼Ǹʹһǧ˿Ƶϵ  ЪһˣǵΪ׽һЩΪ˺ġ
ԣ׸оԼĲ²Щ  ԭҲΪٲʹһˣ˿ҲʹһѲ˹ϵġ
ڿ˻ĸʹһûκεĹϵ
١
ЪһԼĶӱ˲ڽŵ£˶ŭˣ
Ъ¡ġ赭дİ˵һ飡
ߣǴҵĶӣЪ׳
ô˰ԵޱߣѲֻ۸˶۸ˣЦһ
Ȼ۸ҵĶӣЪƴҲ㸶صĴۣ
Ъ˿ҲǱŭѣ˵ҲΪǿ
Ǻǣ㻹ŰпһƵЪѲɾûȤ׿Ъ΢΢һЦ
ʵϣЪĲҵҪǴӢգҲʲôƵ
׽Լֻ㿪ӻ˵ҪͼμѹļȵȶһĿȻ  㡭ǡЪɴ۾űЩŵ˵ˣΪٹӡ
ˣ
ЪҲû뵽ԼĶӻ竵˵ĵزӢ⣬ù˿͵Ϸģ
Ъˣ鶼оһɪɪ
׿ЪЪƵĸҲˣ㣬ôúأѲɾΪǴӢյĹɶΪǺҾҪ㣿
㡭߰ɣЪһ˫Щ΢΢˵
ЪҲʿˮЪôˣ
ߣһûиı֮ǰ
ЪڷǶǵһʴȣ  ׿ɲôǵģЪ΢΢һЦߣЪûиıʣʲôʱҲסƵ
㡭ô
Ъû뵽һﾹȻвԼһõĺҲЩһ
ûʲôǹܵЩ˵ĴЪҪִأ˽½أ
׿ЪЦһ
׻СӣʲôطЪŭһ
һԵĺٿ׵ǻ߰ɣطϾ˵㣬һ²һ°
ǰǻ߰ɣͼμοߣͲֱӾء
ðɣҪǿѵķϣһĴ׷ǵΣ
˵꣬׼ķ˹ȥ
Ǹ߳ȥԶʱЪѾǴǵĶУվס
ôˣ׿Ъʵ
ֻ¡ЪҲ֪еƵһʱը
һҪǷȥĻӢյĹɼۻ֪Ҫʲôء
Ҳ֪˾ҪߣҲҪȵƵɾߣ
ֻ£԰⳥˵ʧOKˣ΢΢һЦ
ۣ
ٺͼͼμζǾˣ⳥˵ʧ
ܹ˵óڰ  ѲĿУôļ
𣿹㻹ǸʨӴ󿪿ڰŲӢףЪȻ֪ԼӢ׵ж  ǳĲң˸Ϊǿף  ֻܹȽϵĵù
Ъҿˣôȥأһ
׿ЪѾҵÿһҵֻȻ㣬ﲻҵҪĻֻܹ뿪ˣ
һԵĺٺͼͼμζǾ°Ͷˣţģûмôţ˰




1303ŭЪ
 

ڣ
Ъоһķŭû뵽׻ƵСӾȻҵ˵ķ
Ȼ֮ǰԼĶӣƵ֮ЪҲ֪ٵ˱Ҳûɵġ
ȻҪ˼λŮǿѹԼ·飬ҪǴȥڴӢ˵ֱԵı  ӢЪ׬ǮһʲôĻҲΪ˵ת۵㡣
ЪҶģҲܶģ
ʵ̫ˣҪȻɣΪ˳Ľ£Ը֧ÿ𣡡
ЪѹԼĻô˶ԸǰСӣ
ҲǴŹģ˵·Ҳûо˵սĺǿ  һҪǷ˳ͻĻʱʲôĻôľִˣ
ЪĴǮ˰ɣҪ֪ǿǴôˣû⳥ҽҩѾǹԵˣ
ʵû뵽ЪȻˡ
Ҫ֪ЪӢʲôλƾĹϵǰЩ˹ҲǴ´ˣ  Ź֮ӣǲİ  οٻǾ֮ˣлԳˣ  ôҲû뵽ЪȻԸһóƽϢ£
Ҳ̫Щһ˰ɣиоһĲ  Ъ黹Ҫ㱨𣿡
ЪȻԼɣִΪһִȻ԰ƽǶżӰ졣
˵ˣһǧȻŸоܶ࣬ǶЪ˵ʲô  ƵڱҪɾ  һˣǷ˵ĻǵʱɾͲðˣ  ׿ЪӣҲ΢΢һЦ𣿺ǺǣѲЪڴҪأһǮҲٵġȻˣЪòںĻǷ߾OKˣ
塭ܶ˰ٿЩ˵
ͼͼμλһۣ˵жȫ֮ɫ
һ𰡣һˣȥ˲ǧ̣ϵڱ  Ȼˣںٺͼͼμοһǲܵ飡
˼ֲɵǮ࣬һʲô붼ְ
ʵ˵һˣǶоһĻȻˣ
һԵļͼμοҲʿˮǰǻǼþհɣϾ˼ҵĵϡ
ڼͼμ˵ղĴ㣬ƺҸ̫ͻȻˣ  ЪҵĶӣҲûиƽϣ
ȡǵ鷳ĻҲ鷳𣿡׿Ъ
ЪɫһӦ֪Ե³Ӣ׵ĺֻҪһ仰ǶӢף
׵Ȼ˵ЪѲΪŴ𣿺ǺǣȻҸҴĶӣҸ㿪ۣһû
׿Ъ¶һ˿˿ЦڸЪѣ
Ϊһḥһͻڵ-˹µĳ֣
ҲżȻЪҪĵĻǾĺˣ  ׵Ǵ㾴ƲԳԷˣ
˵ķΪһ˾ܲãȻΪԼ˾ľӪ룬ΪֺùɶѲ㲻֪ɶǮҲЩ˸ѻǹɶĻҵһľˣ
׿űЩм˵ʵҲ֪һ̨ҲԶˣ  ʱڱQQˣ  ׹һЦϧЪǹɶ㲻һ׻ƵСӶѣթЪҾʹ绰ҹʮûκε⡣Ъء
Ъ׵ѡ񣬵һѡһǧˣڶѡǱܲ˵ġ
ҵϣеѡЪһҵѾ͹ˡҿûǵһȽϵĺá
׿Ъ΢΢һЦӢҲЪ˵İɣ  ЪЩɻʵѣƺûκεĹϵɣ
ס
תѣԼĸվߣҲǿʹЪ˵
ž
ЪŻپһͣԼĶӣҲڳ
ףɵðұ𰡡
ٿЪֿ˿ף˿ҲЩ£С̫ˡ
ЪҪ˵֮ʣȴִӢյİҽˣ˿ȥȽϵİ




1304±Թˣ
 

Ӣգң  һУҲǽϵĲŸϹġ
Ͼ˿ɶ׵ūͣ˶ˣҲúúõıһˡ
ǽʱҲ˼Ա

һԱ֮Ҳ
Ӣղ˹¼һСҵѣȻ֪Ҳû
ʱǩԼʱ򣬺ԼĴǩԼġ
˹¼鼸ˣ
ΪѪ峤ײҲ׵֮һȻεľͬΪ˵ˣ  ˭֪ǴӢյİ𣿡
ǰ˿ȥǸˣҲǳʵ
֡
һҲǴȥЦŵ
΢΢һЦλѣþòǺǣ

һ׵ĻҲЩסˣѣ  ȻƺҪ¶ԼݣԼ׽ݶ̫Ҫ¶ˡ
һԵЦŵǺþò˰ҸѾǰź˾Ƶ꣡ҪȻȥƵ깲Σ
ҵߣ˲߰ǺǣЦŵ
˭ңЦһ
ʲôڶҵǴӢһ˰ҲǳǴĸĳģ
ž
һ·ǳļ򵥴ֱһĻֱȥһӣ
ûκεĵɽ
˵ӣЪҲŭһ̫ˣ
ЪҪǿѸߵϣһŲţЪЦһ
㡭ʶңЪ𾪵ʵ
ҵȻʶ㣬Ӣտɲֻһɶ˹¼ĹɷݿɲЪ٣ӾȻǹɶ濪ЦЪѲ㲻Ӧøǹɶһ𣿡
ЪЦһ㹻ǿ
㡭˹¼ˣ
ЪЩ𾪵ʵ϶صļ壬ŷҲԺյĴڰ  -˹£μˣ
ЪЦһݿǴӢյʲôɶҪţ˰  ЪȻ֪һ㣬֪˹¼ҪǸɵʲôĻ̫ˡ
Ъһ˿ЦݵᣬᣡȫᡣҶĵطҡѾ˴󣬲Ը˵׼⳥λÿһ𣡣
Ȼһ㣬ЪǺķϣҿѡ񲻸ƽϣϣԺҪϼӹܽĶӣҪȻĻߡ
ЪЦһһԵĻٸЩľս
ôҲû뵽ǰӾȻ˹¼ˣŵЩҴˣ  Щɣɿ˼κεɣ  ǮҪȻҵ渶һ£ʱϵ˹¼Ĳ˾Ǯ˻ϣ
ЪȻˣȴǷǳľ  Ҫ֤ͨһ£˵ĻǼٵġ
ģǻӦģΪǼ˵ֱëë꣡
ӦĻ˵èˣ
׻ƵСӻͬƭǮĻԲ˵ġ
Ҳûãôˣ֮ڣϣܹǮǵ˻ϣҿҪҺ̸̸ˡ
úúá
ЪоԼڴȥûˣתҪ뿪
ڼȷ˾˹µˣ  šЪҪȥҲǳܲ˭ѡģ
ʱ˹¼ȫȨίֶ»ᣬȻѡٳģǸ
ЪҲһΣ֪һһɶϿܲõĻô˵ʲôҲǰ˵ˣ
˻˼ܲãʽ֪ͨ㣬Թˣű
ɫһ䣬֪֮ҲŵЩ±Ƶĸо
֪ж񱨵ĵ֪Ъ鶼ûˣΪղһ˼ˣ  ЪʿˮʲôʵѡƼĻǡٿ»᣿
һʲôʵѡЪ
һԵ׿Цŵҵһʵѡҿ˻ܷһЩǷȱΪֱϤӢգ
ŶƼľûⰡˣ˭
һƼˣû˵ֱӴӦˣ
Ӧŷ֣˽ʲô֪ء
һԵѾЩˣȥôСӺΪ𾴵ĸоأ
׿ȻһЦǱλٹӸߵλ˹




1305¿˹ľɥ
 

ӢջԵĳڣ  ˹һɥԼص˼УԼոջ·ĶӺڴԼȣҲǲסҡͷ  ˹һԱ֮ǰӢ׻ʼҷжӵĳԱ
֮ӦƸ˴ӢգҲı
ӢյĹʻǱȽϸߵģŬĿ˹ҲԼеĵһױ
ȻˣױǷŽʮĴûл壡  ˹һ㶼ԼܹĴȻ˵ǼͥĿҲǳӴ
ǿ˹ԼŻҪҿ˹ĸĸԼȵĸĸҲҪġ
˹ÿµĹʣһڼͥճ档
лһЩЩܹ֧ŶҲδ֪
Ҫ֪ȫ򾭼ôڵڣĺչ˾ڲԱҪҵһӢȶźĹʵЩѣ  ǰӺͿɰĶӣһӵĲһεӿ˿˹У  ôϣ֮ǰֻһζѰ  ֪ⲢһΣǵģ  ˹˰
ÿһο˹УȶԼɷܹƽ
ÿһεƽȱװһµӣһ
Ϊһ֮Ŀ˹ϣҲĻ
ȿԼɷҲ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ɵԼɷǿһ˿ЦݣҲһĵǡ
˹ЦΪǿΪһˣҪĵȷкܶࡣ
һԼӵĶͷȻȣЩۣҪȥϢһ£
˹ôˣȿſ˹Щʵ
˹΢΢һЦûôЩ۶ѣ
˹ҸһѾʮˣʲôһӾͿԸܳˡӣܷκεҶվһģ
Щ֣µĿԼɷ˼ᶨ
˹ȣֿ˿ԼĶӣ̾һȣʵұҪڸ˵ġ
ôˣ˹ǹʲô˳ĵ𣿡
ȿԼɷҲǳɻ֮ɫ
˹̾һȻ֮ǰ˵һ飬Ҳ֮Լ˶˹  ô
ȵҲǳŭҲû뵽龹Ȼص˵ĵز
Բȡ˹ӵԼӣȻĴԼӵĺ󱳡
΢΢ҡͷ˹˾Ͷ˰ɣҲĴǵȵȼҹͿˣʵһ׶Ҳ룬ǵĶѾˣѧˡҲҪһء
ȡ˹гΣ  Ǻǣ˹֮ǰһֱû¶ģΪʵ̫ҪҵĶӴһˣ¶Ҳͦõأ
ȿſ˹ûκε𱸣һ˿Ĺ֮ɫ
˹ȣƽ飬ҾȥӦƸĸλɣĶԲ𣡡
˹֮ǰһֱΪͥҺͺӸṩġûĻǲôáѣӦùͬŬǵȱҪ߲𣿡
ȿοԼˣȻҲܣ֪ԼǸӵܣ  ܹ⣬ҲܹƽĵԣѾ൱Ĳˡ
˵Ҳԣȣֻû뵽ΪӢյĶȻΪƷǸǡ
һ뵽٣Ҳǻðɣûа취˼ЪĹӣһССķԱܹԿġ
Цŵ˵ǸȻܹ֣Ǳ˼ҵĹ˾ǵܲñôΪǸٵأ
Ҫ˵Щ׻ȣûпǸ׻ĺġٿǺʨսӵ˰˼һ˾Ȼɷĸʨսӵˣһǵһμ
˹׵˵ӡҲΪ̣˿һεĻҲôĲ˼飡
ȿſ˹ЦŵڴӢ߸Ѿûйϵ˲𣿡
һ𶯵  ˹üͷֻϵĵ绰룬ЩƵĿȵǹ˾ĵ绰ȲѲȥԼͲ𣿡
ȿſ˹˹㲻绰ͲӰɣ
˹Щŭ˵ȣҵҪǵô飡
˹гŭЩʵǲԼ˿ԼѾӦ˽Լˣͱ̫˿ˣ
绰һֱţ˹ԥһ֮ŭİеĽ




1306ֵĵ绰
 

˹ı⣡
ȽץԼɷ֣ʾƽһԼ
ϾӢһֱĹ˾ˣմ￴ҲûбҪֵô  ˹һȻŵ绰ͷιǿ˹
绰ûд˹ǰɣ
ÿ˹һĲ죬Զ϶Լû
˹֪绰ǸˣǴӢյĵһɶأ  ǴӢյˣѾӦְˣȥʽֺαΪ˻ٶͱأ
˹ջûסҪȺԼĶһԵĻ¾ûôˣ
ҵȷǴӢյˣҿûҪΪٳͷ˼-˹ºٺһЦ
׽ܵģʵ׽һֻҲƵĴӦġ
ΪģΪǵˣǸʲôҪʲô  ȻˣҲֻ֮дһȷѣʵ׵۹һֱҲǲġ
ܵˣȻҲǷǳεġ
˵˭ӢյܲʵĲǺҪôһʲ˹¼˵Ǯ  ο͸ʵһ뷨׽ĶֻҪ׿ϵģǼֱСͶ볬ر  Ҫ֪ﲻκεæ˼ѹҲҪԼܹɱķˡ
ܹ׵ģǿҲֻ׽ˣ
һµ׽磬ǻúúõıһ  Ϊ˻ٳͷģˣҲǸʲôģҲΪʲôҪ绰ҿȷĸ㣬϶ȥְġҲһ±ܲãҿ˹˵
˹ǻŭòйҲǴһıԵ
һܵĴڶԼδ˻ɣʱӢյ˴绰  Цŵ˹ˣ㻹ǵ֮ǰɻλ𣿡
͡ǸһӴ˻ٵĸ˵Ǹ׻ƹˣ
˹Ȼǵã˵ڴӢշô꣬ӡΪ̵һ顣
ҲΪ飬ԼĹѾûˣ  һЦ׻ƹ򣿹ǰɣ
λʲô飿ף԰ҼǵһСʱ֮ǰѾǱٵ˸ץˣѲɻٻôķߣ
˹⣬ǳĲ⣡
ô˵˵ĻôҲܴӴӢְˡ
ѲǻץȻֱ˼Ҹһ٣  ҪĻ黹Ǿ˰
ЦŵˣԹɣʲôط
㵽˭ƾʲô㰡˹иԵʵ
ſ˹ЦŵֻҪشʲôط
㡭ôڼңҵźӡ˹
ղҲ˽һ£Ҫ̸̸֪˹ûȤ̸һ̸
ʼմһ˿ȻЦݺͿ˹˵ҲǴһ˿ζ̬ȡ
˹ǴӢյˣ̸ʲôأѾǴӢյˣ֮ƺûʲôͬ˰ɣ
˹û̸ô֪ûйͬأȻķ˺ͺӶڣǾһɣһԸ
죬ÿ˹һԻĺѾʼȫ
Ҫ֪˵˭ΪʲôҪԼ  Ҫ֪׻ƹôˣ֪ӢնԼ󵽵һʲôĽ  Ҫ֪Ķ̫̫ˡ
˹Щ͵˵ܵøְɣ߸ʲôطɣ
ӢյİڣӦ֪İɣЦʵ
㡭㲻ǻٵ˰ɣ˹Щʵ
Ц˼Ѿ˵ˣѡȨˣһСʱ֮ҵȲĻǾˣ
˵꣬˵绰ҲҪ˹ǲһеˣ
һе˵Ļôŵö  ȻˣҪһег徢˵Ļ˾Իġ
׿һﾹȻ绰ڿűˣҲĴָĳЩһҪѧϰ
ͱҿЦ˰ҹſ˹һˣҪȻȥӢյĻһʱÿ˹֪ͨһ¼ɣ
΢΢һЦܶ˶óӹһأ  ͼμκͺٴ˿̱׸ˣǲ֪׵˭
ǿѾȻôţŵ˻
ܶɻǵѿȴѯʣ  ٳ׵ҪȻȥһŵ˵סޣ
׿˿һԵȥһ°ɣΣһͼͼμθһԸ




1307µ
 

ӢյĻң  ˿ЪͱҪȥȴȥ
Ļ˵Ъͱ˿ȥĻ⽻ӹôŪ  Ъ֪ԼĶӷµĴǱԼе
Ҫֵ»ȥĻʱԼڶɶԺͲ˴ˡ
һԼ¹˾ãǲӢ벻ˣǵھɶĳ˰
˲·ͬɱ˸ĸ  ԣû֮ǰЪͱߣҲ߲ˣ  ЪãȻʧ𣬿֪Ǯǿ׬ûġ
ǱͲһˣڴӢգѾû׶֮ˡ
Ϊһ٣Լĺ·пν׷Ī
˹Լմ˴ӢգʵѾְȫ׼
Լ֧ԼԼһȻǸӵеˡ
Ȼʧ䣬֪ΪһˣЩҪĻǾҪ̹Ȼԣ
˹ȥ˰ңӢյ˰ѿ˹ȴ˻ң  ߽ҵʱȴЪͱܲûлٶǱߣ  ֻǻٿȥЩҪЦĸо
Ъܲá
˹Ъͱӣ̬ȵҲǲ
ٵ˵Ķ滹Ǹʱ˶Ȧˡ
һȺ˻ܹһŻϣⲻǸЦ
ڿ˹Ѿˣ
˹Ъ˹ˣҲ΢΢ͷ
һԵıһۿ˹г˼֮⡣
һССķԱȻҡһҪΪӢյܲˣ˭ܹ뵽أ
˹ԼҲû뵽Լ쵽һزɣ
˹ּˣķ˺Ư
׳ſ˹кȻſ˹΢΢һЦ
лл
ű˵ĿޣҲǶ¶һ˿Цݣ  ſ˹Цŵ˹Ҹ绰Źȥʮӣû뵽ĶȻô찡
ҵļҾڸ˹ŬĻţƺҲ벻˵˭  ΢΢һЦ˹֮ǰ˵Ҫǿˣ
ҪǿˣѾȷˣ˹˵
٣ղ˵ΪֱֻΪ˱ͻٲűǰɣſ˹Цʵ
λҵ˿𣿡˹üͷʵҽʣְ⳥飡
ǵľҿûоôõԱʧˣſ˹ʼ
û˹ɵƺҲЩԾ
ʱĴһսȻſ˹ķ˹ȥ
˹ôĿ֪һﵽҪʲô  ֣Ȼ˹յ˹ҽ-˹£Ӣյĵһɶ
ǵһɶ
˹ŵЩ֪Ӧ˵ʲôˣû뵽ôһˣȻǴӢյĵһɶ  ˹֮ǰ˵ˣӢյĵһɶ˹¼عɵġ
͵ҽܣһûзӦĹ  ſ˹ЦŵѲҳĺܲ𣿺Ǻǣ

˹ҡҡͷûô˵ЪЩͷɥģȻҲܹ֪˵滰ˡ
һԭҲʶ㣬Ŀ˿˹ķɣղҸЪҲһ£Ƹ㵣ǴӢյܲã
ʲʲôܲãǸҿЦ
˹ŵҲһ£ղӣĵһӦԼĹסˣ  ĻһĻȸԾǵ˵뷨֮˶ˡ
ܲãӢյܲãôأ  һԵҲǴסˣǿ˿˹Ա׼ˣû뵽ȵǹ֮󣬾Ȼ˾ת
ЪҲ֪ԼʱӦվˣĿһµҸղŸһ£Ϊһε¼Ѿ̫ʵδӢյܲˣƼ£Ƽ˹㵱ܲã
ҡҲʶ˹ס
΢΢һЦ֮ǰʶңԺҲҪʶңֻһҪ󣬾ϣÿÿͶܹõƽĴҪڷƵˣ
ҡұ֤񣡣˹һӦף
˿ȵѾӿȣּԱ  ôҲû뵽̶̵ļСʱ֮ڣѾǾĴ䣡
˹סԼĵļֻǣŵ֣΢΢Ĳ
ſ˹ȵЦŵ˹ܲãһԸɣ




1308µļͼμ
 

Ӣգ
Ѿ˶ŵοͽ˰ãʵϵصι˾һжOKˣ  ֮ŵЩ˵ҲӦµĵΡ
˵һֻǹεģʲô˴ǹȥΣνˣ
磬⡭ʲô˰ͼμκͺ߳ȥʱ˶оЩȦ  ˵ʵӷɻϳǼ鵽ڣЩĸо
һԵĺ΢΢ҡͷ˵Ů˭ȥоȥţӡ
Ҫ֪أһεΣˣͼμҲµ˵
һ黹ҪȻǿɶõùأ
ǰŽֱ군ˣҵķ˿
ͼμεЩѪζҪ֪ĿǰΨһԴɾֱˡ
һԼʧԼķ˿Ҳ֪Ƿ˿ͬЩ˿϶ҪԼ
Ϊֱ˵һźǣͼμεĳȻҲ˺ܶ˵ļʣ  ʵҲ֪ԼˬԼĺʲôģ  ׵˺ǳԷ˼ľˣղŻ۸Լʱ˼ͦġ
ԼΪ׬Ǯ˼Ҷ˵ӶĻͼμξⶼ̫ˣ  ԥǾȥ磬˵һε֮ٸԼķ˿ˡ
˿ʲô˿ٿżͼμʵ
ͼμЩĿźٵ˵磬֮ǰڷɻǼٹҰ
ŶŶŶ˵ǸʲôֱǺǣһΪʲô˿˿ءû¡
ٿżͼμҲ΢΢һЦⱾͲʲô˵飡  û£˵磬֪Ӣʱ䣬ߵ㲻Ļ֪ʲô𣿡ͼμһپȻ˵û£Լˣ
ʲôڲ£˵ˣֱɶҲģ
ٶֱ˽⣬ʵֱҲǲҵˣ
ܶ˼ǳԸֱһ¶ܹ׬ǧǮЩܹﵽڵľ֣  κһҵĳ֣ȻһʱĿ  ֱܶ˶һְҵȥӪȻְҵܸߡ
Ҳվڽ˵ЩˣǼˡ
ͼμ֪һٸֱУѾǷǳĲˡ
һǧУҲѲһˣ  ֱǳɣеҲֻмͼμԼ֪
ͼμһʮң֪ԼĹ͹ʱ任ġ
ְֱ֪ҵԵഺһղ٣ʱͻ̭
ʷȻƣԼҵľܶۿֱѾЩ裬̸̸ˡ
ϣһЩʵĶЩǣܶ඼ǮҸȦմߵġ
ܹһЩֱֻԽԽˡ
ͼμοźٵ磬㻹ǲ˽ǵҵˣҡ
ʲôأĵô
״Ӻ˹ʵղҲ˼ͼμεĻֻͼμβ֪ԼܿҪΪˡ
֮ǰЪ⳥׾Ϊͼμκͺȡġ
о˻ǺܲģҸԼҲͬġ
ΪԼĻںЪǮ˸ͷѣ
֡ûʲô
ͼμһҲһ˷ܣ̵
ٿ˿ͼμΣȻֿ˿׵μ˵ߵҪʲôֱͳԷֲ˼ȥ
ֱ˵ǸʲôֱЦʵ
ͼμεһۺ٣Щ˵֡ҪϹ˵ʵ˵ģܲܲԷֱ˰ɣ
ʵϣͼμλǾɣЩʱæûпճԣ  ҪǰԹ󣬱Ҫ˺  ͼμǰԴһ֮ŽĶ  ҡͼμЩ֪Ӧô˵û¡
ǣֱǸʲô֮ǰҲ˵û뵽ǼˣҪɣٳԣȿֱΣ
ЦʵҲǶ˵Ȥ
ģ
ͼμһô˵˷ܵĿҪQˡ
׿żͼμЦŵ⵱ȻˣЩǣⶫôֱѲɾøֻģ
ͼμЦŵʵʲôֱֻֻһֱ߶ѣֱԼԷҲֱӢ׵ţһǹεģһЩķӦõˡ
׿żͼμ˷ܵӣҲǵͷҪĿԴ˰




1309ֱPK
 

ͼμļôҲû뵽ȻĽ
ڼͼμ˵ֻҪֱôԼһδ֮Ӧܹõܶ˿ͬ  ӢĳƵ꣡
͸Ҳվ˲棬һӵ׻ɫȴִһ˿Ӣ׷ζľƵ꣡
Ŀ˾׻Ƶȵأ˼ڹڵǼƵȴ߳һֹ
ϾʳĻǸ棬ܶ඼Ǵ׻ƿ˶Ϊľǵصļζ  ﻹǺͼμЩüĿס
ȻĲܲŸֻطֱɣ  ׿żͼμҲЦʵô˰ֱʲôط𣿡
ͼμοЦһطȻɡôô׻ƵĲ
ǺǣǺð죬һ˾֪ʲôطˡЦŵ

Ƶ궥Ĳ棬ԸӢ׶ķò
һԵĿ˹򸾿żͼμҲЦŵֱӢҲǳУĽһƵϰ
͸Ƕ̫Ȥǿ׵øֻԼǱ˵Ҳ˿
Ƕߣ׽һЩȷǸȤֱģʽǸײ࣬ûʲôĹע
Щ˶۰ǧڼģֱĳҵ˵ʵǲֵһᣡ  ɹһЩԼ飬ҲȥעЩ˵Ķ  ЩܹǴ޴
˹ЦŵֱģʽĿǰȫ緶ΧУҾ˵׬ǮٶȾˣ
Ŷ׬ǮٶȾˣ
һȤ֮⣬İþ׬Ǯˡ
ǵģ֮ǰý屨˵ӢĿǰõһԴﵽǧ˹ҲΪĽ˵
Ѿ˴ӢյܲãнҲرĽˡ
ǧһΪһ׬ʮأ
΢΢ҡͷƺǧ˵ʵûʲô̫
ͼμĻûһǮ˵޷  ͼμε㿪ֻĳֱƽ̨
ոսȥ֮󣬾յһPKϢ
ֱƽ̨Ϊ˻ÿһʱ䶼һεPK
νPKʵϾǻһûоûж
PKҲΪ˸õĵЩʵϽPKǣǻ϶ǿڶʱڴ׬һʵġ
PKôأ
ͼμһƣPKֱƽ̨ȡġ
˵PKǸǰһµĳɼģǰһµĳɼﵽһ׼ĻôлPK
ʲôPKЩƵĿżͼμΡ
һжһеľνPK¿Բ²⵽ʲô˼ҲֻԼĲ²ѣ
ͼμЩ̾˵PKʵÿ¶һΣֻû뵽ҵĳɼȻܹPKPKʵֱƽ̨ѡʮϸ´˺ϸʮǱһͬPK൱һƶȣ
ʲôðһԵĺҲЩƵʵ
Ȼ˰Ǯ˵ûɶáǶЩƽͷСϰ˵дôģ
ͼμοҲ΢΢һЦ
Цŵÿһ׬ǮһΪ׬ǮľͿ׬ǮٵģֻҪͨԼʵʵڵͶļֵǾͶֵصġ
ֱⶫƺǹ˾ҲԸһҲȤЦŵ
ʵҲԸ㣬Դôķḻ϶ûκεģЦŵ
ֻһ׬Ǯ;ѣҲν飡
ǮҲǻĸо˵ˣٹһӵȵĳΪʮʹĻʱﻹйЩ
ͼμЦŵţҪԺڹڸֱƽ̨Ļҵһȥ
ЦŵҲԼһֱƽ̨
ңǾ˰ɣ˵ֱƽ̨ڵͶʣǰҸҲͶʲ𰡣ͼμʼ
ǺǣҲһŶˣղ˵PKƶȣ⵽ʲôʵ
ͼμεʵÿµPKһPKʱվƽֱ̨ӻάλPKʮֽ𡣲Ϊֱ׼ģ־ˣ
׿żͼμЦʵ
ȻǰPKȻǻPKܹǰʮֱƽ̨ҳҳϵģһ۾ܹƼλֱӵͷ񣬾͵ˣ൱ѹˣԿٵ
ͼμγ˿̿óʵҲЩŵġ
μΣ㻹ǵһMCAҪ𣿡
׻׼˵ʱ򣬼ͼμεֻѾлһƵ档
ǸŮƺͼμλʶӦҲһ
׵˿Щ˵ϷƺѾ̫Ӧˣ׵ҲһνӴḶ́Ĺ̡
ԺĲһлء




1310ﶼǱ
 

MCA᣿ô˰⻹׼ֱأ֪ӦֱʲôأС¹
ͼμڳԼֱ״̬֮У׵˲棡
Ѿǵ˲ȣʳΪ죬Ȼд˾ҪдһЩ׻ɫĲȣ
磬׻˻ܹϺⰡʲô׻ƱɫˣҲһοˣ
ͼμҲֱʱֱֱҲӦóԷˣȻ˵˵һԡ
ôأܲĵһ˰ɣ  ݼͼμθղ˵PKʱӦò̵ܶģƶҪСʱʱ䣡  ڲʲôĶûϣ׵Ҳǳżͼμεķ˹ȥ
ǸŽС¹Ůżͼμε˵μΣܲܳİMCAֱƽ̨һ󹫻ᰡ˵һMCAϴǵĹģûмǺŭ
ѽ˵С¹ܲܲҳЩѾʲô취ʱֲǲ֪ɲҪô򵥣ҪŮѣ
ͼμεԽ˵ԽСκһҵԼǱ  ֱûԼǱһʱĵطͻн  ʵͼμζҵ˽ҲǺģΪԼȥ˸Ǳģĵߣ
ʵȥĻһеOKˣ  ͼμƴѧҵȥһȶĹҲǷǳ׵ģֻҪԼӵľһЩѣ
С¹żͼμεμΣΪΪ˸㳶ذPKһСʱʱ䣬ֲڹڣ֪ʲôҸ˵˵ɣ
ðɣлл㣬ҵĺС¹ȥԴͰͼμηһС¹ǱǸŮҲЦЦ
С¹Цŵ㰡Ҹ㣡MCAһһʮĸ˽PKǾ˵ڸһƻ˵Ҫ׵İֱ߳硭
ΪʲôҲûмǹôСǼͼμҲЩˡ
ԭҶ֪ûа취˼MCAĹᣬû֮һھҪȥͶνĵڶ󹫻ᣬǹᶼ㰡
С¹Ҳεʼ磡
ҲŲ£ҵķ˿ۼģǸʲôͼμ˵ʱЩӡ
С¹żͼμεPKĹֲǲ֪Ҫĵ׵ĻǰСʱ֮ͽ̭ˡЩ˳׼˵ǻùĺܶ׼Щ˴ͣ
̫޳ˣⲻ
ͼμһƵĿС¹˸оһı  ƺЩˣPKȻͻȻǼͼμλĵġ
ϾѡʱֻܲҪȥӢ׵ĽͷһЩɫʲôģӦܹۼ
ٲǱ߳Ĳɣ  ׵Ļһж˵ˣЩνĹᣬʵһЩǿѣ
ˣˣıȡ棬ǺǮ
ټǱֱƽ̨붼ǼʮԼͼμҪ˶ûκεĿԵģ
С¹żͼμεһ˵һ顭
˵С¹ʲôϢһ˵ɣֲǲģܹܵ𣡡
ͼμοС¹Կó鲻Ƿǳ
С¹һμν㣬˵ЩǰĴ˺üҵڵһֱۼMCAһҲйϵ˺֪ܶˣ˵λˣÿ˶һСˣ㶮á
Ϊң⡭Ҳ̫Ҫ˰ɣ𣿡ͼμοС¹Ƶ˵
MCA֮ǰûҵҸ仰˵ߵ֮ǰֻҪӦǰʮ
С¹һֱżͼμοţʵҲ֪һξ  ܾMCAǵǷ˰Ļᣬ˵ǰԼֱ·Ӹ׵ķɱˡ
MCAǵǷԼϣԸΪǮū  ԵһѡҲΪʵһѡ
MCAΪҵڵӰǷǳġ
μΣ֪ѡ񣬿ǡС¹żͼμΣ֮ҲΪͬ飡  ߣûʲôѵģܾܾһΣܹܾڶΣúõֱİ࣬ΪʲôҪ
ͼμεϴżᶨʵѡҪѡĻҲڽŻľˡ
ԴԼһξܾMCAԼҲѾ׼  ֻڵ׵˵棬ͼμλЩ˼  û°ɣ׿żͼμν˺ǸС¹ͨҲЦʵ
ͼμʼû£ʵղС¹˵Ѿ뵽ˡ˫ȭѵ֡
˭˵˫ȭѵˣ׿żͼμЦŵ٣ҾǸ󡭡




1311
 

Ƶİڣ
׽Ҳ
ʵһһеֱƽ̨ûʲô  ҲЩĲɣ˼μδ  ʵϣǻһŷޣǲΪ˽̻ʵǻ飡
ֻûʲôѣ
Ȼˣ̻ʵǻ仹һʱ䣬ҲǺż  ң󹧾Ŀ׵
׵ͷţȥҼʵǹ󣡡
еǸֱЦʵ
ǰǱҲԴðײЦŵ
һOKƣ˵ֱС˼
ĿǰԸˣܹ׽һЩС鷳ȴֲ÷ʲô
ЦŵʱҪһЩϾ³ǳЩӦҲҪ׼һµġ
һû£㣬ν˰
һߣ
ͼμδ˿ĵ׼ţ˵ܷһмȥʵ̫Ҫˡ
ʵPK֪ͨͷˣֻļͼμֻһֱڹػ״̬
ҪɻӢףԵˣ  ׼ûôҪ֪ôһĻ֮ǰ϶һӢ׵ı־ԵĽʲôȥֱֱˡ
˵ʲôˣҲ֪ʵֱǳԣҪʱȴҲ̫ܣ  ֱƽ̨ۼķкܶ࣬ʵ򵥴ֱķʽһЩˣ  Ǽͼμû£ҪǴҶܹҵõĻҲֵ̫Ǯˣ
ߵ㣡  ֱƽ̨PKѾʼˣ˿ڼͼμεĻҲ࣬һPK
˿̵ļͼμʮλУ
λֵܽôϺãǼμΣӢXXƵֱڷɻ㣬ǸյӢס
ͼμ֮ǰ򵥵ĻױһȻֻȥԵЩǱ
׵˿żͼμεҲЩΣֱ  ׿Ǹļҳһһл͸ʻһл͸Ķ
⡭ҪȻҲעһȥּ֧֧μΣ
ٵ˶˺棬ͼμԼʵҲЩƣ
ϾԼֱ澹Ȼô˿ţҲ֪Щ˵ͷȽϵĴ
ǸоһЩ˼  ʵ֮ǰһڼֱʱ򣬻ûƺоâڱһ㣡  ׿źٵһ治Ū
ֻңҸһAPPͺˣ
ٿ׵
һԵ͸ҲĸȤĿźٵֻва
ӦҲǿԵģAPPͨõģֻҪӦþûġ
Цŵ
ܿ⼸˶ע˺ţҲǵȥżͼμεֱ
ⶫͦ氡
żͼμֻеӣҲЦŵ
Ǹһ£ͶôͲ
׻ʵ׻ﻹǲġ
ǸҲһƣ  ЦŵһһǰɣǸʻҪǮģǾ͵ʻͺˣ
ôأѣô֧ܲһأôֵףǱǸʲô
ǱдʮҲЩ𾪵Ŀź٣  Цŵʵܹ͸ϵһλóǱҪʮֱңۺ׻ƱӦþǧٿ飡
ǧٿ飿ⶫɶð
Щ׵ʵ
ЩεĿôһϰ壬ȻɶҲЩˡ
Цŵһֱƽ̨涼վֳɵģҲ˵һμεĻôվԵõǧԪμҲԵõô࡭
ⶫֱޱȡһԵĸЦŵ
ٺһЦ˭˵أҿҲޱȡԺҲøĹ˾ǿ˵˳׬죡
ǿҵһʻʻͳȥˣĻ滹ʾ
Լֻһʾ
ҲǻҪּ֧֧μ˰
һ仰飬Ǻǣ
͸νֱǮԵġ
һԵĺҧҧǴϰ壬һ򹤵ģҲ͸λóǱμΣǸӵɣ
Ƶֱƽֵ̨ǼΪģֻҪпʲôĶûκ⡣
ȫκһطֻҪҪѣǾԿ
˿׵ںС죬Ǳߵļͼμǲϵĸ˿ֻԼЩᣡ




1312Ȧļͼμ
 

ʮӵʱˣμΣ20
ʱ򣬼ͼμεһֻֻڵƵ֮һεĳǸС¹Ӱ  С¹Ҳûа취Щ˶ʼˣ֮ǰҺЩˣƺˢ񵥣һӾͳȥˣ
ͼμιرǸֱǱ߷Ŵ֣  ѾʼǸС¹Ůӿʼ
С¹̾һҸղŸˢͧȥˮнЩˢҲ̫һ㡭
ҲֻҪܹǰʮԺһ׬ľǼֹһѭԽǮԽͶʰ
ͼμҲǿЦһʵûʵȥ˼ƴ  Ȼ˵ЩеǮܲܺ޳ܵȥ˼ҪǮɣ  MCAǱ˸ϵˣӦǵӦĻһεPKø㣡
С¹żͼμΣǿֱ氡
ʮֱֽӵ֣ڼһʲôļһ𣬹ֵܼܹʮﵽ֮ޣ
ʵҪһŮˣ¶Ѿ֮ˣ
һµʱ䣬Ϳ߳׬һ׷ӣ˭Ըȥأ  С¹Ҳ֪ͼμεĸԣżͼμһԲҲ΢΢һЦҾ֪Ѿؾˣ
лл㰡С¹ʵǲԸڸMCAȺ˵ˣͼμҲ̲ס˴ֿڵ
С¹żͼμεμΣPKһһûʸPKһҪ˵ĻԺ󡭡
ͼμЦŵҲûʵ˿ģҾҹˡοѾȾոչͬѧҪúܶˣ𣿡
⵹ҲǣͿÿ˵뷨˰ɣС¹ҲЦŵ
ӵʱ䣬Һúõӣظͼһ£
ͼμεȻʲôʧ֮У׵ȴͼμεЩ΢΢
˿̼ͼμβ֪ǣΪԼѾ뵽˵͹ʱʵŸոտʼ  С¹ЦŵμΣ̬ã˵ģҪMCAôõĶҿ¶Ķˡ
С¹С¹Ů԰˶ҲʲôõġMCAһʼҼǵĹᣬڿôõ˵ʲôأ
ͼμҲ֪ʵһģ
òĲõģȻԴΪҪЮȴʵ
С¹Цŵðɣ֪˰ԷҿֱĻǳĲҺƺ˵ء
ţŵļѣһԶٷӢõ׻Ʋ˲ȻڵĺأһҴPKʱҾ͹ȥһ١
ͼμҲǳС¹Цŵ
С¹΢΢һЦҪ˵ͻȻ䣬͵⡭⡭ôأ
С¹ɶһһէģͼμοС¹ҲЩʵ
ǣμԼֱƽ̨ڸˢأ
С¹ЩĿɿڴ˵
УһΪ˵ʲôأ˸ˢﲻǺѲû˸ˢﰡҡ
ͼμǱЦ˵ԼӶŷڴֻʱҲȻֹ  ǰһλóǱԼĸǰƮ۾ƺǰһа  С¹żͼμελμΡȥһӵʱ䣬λѾˢ˽˰ҵθ찡
ͼμκЩٵĿС¹⡭ǲϵͳ˰ôܣ
ܶ˶ǻĵȵٵʱȴЩĸо  ԭ׸Ͳںַһ
ǾèTVֱƽ̨Ȼǻŷµķֲҵŵģ
Ҳ˵ƽ̨ǻ˼СӿģСûиԼ֮ǰҲ֪СǸ˰  ܶĶֱƽ̨֮һҾ˵첻  ƽ̨Ȼǻ˼µĹ˾ӵĲںˣ  ʲôϵͳ˰ϵͳôܻأڸˢһֹһˢٶȣƿֲ˵μΣȷ㲻֪
С¹ЩԺĿżͼμΣҪĲʶĻ¼ͼμεҵǱ˰  ͼμһȵҡҡͷ⡭һǲ֪˭̶̵ļ֮ڣÿ˶ˢһٶ˰
ֹѾǶһPKܰҲһ˰һҹMCA˶ҪѪ˰
С·ҲǹЦ漴Ƶ  ͼμߵĻ𱬣ܿ˴Χۣʱһǰδеĸ߶ȣ




1313MCA
 

⡭⵽ô°
ͼμЩ˿̸ԽԽ࣬ȻλóǱ˻
һܵСǼˢˣ
̶̵һ˲䣬ͼμξʹһPKһһӴ˵һ  ٶȣֱĿ࣡  ڼͼμһȦʱ򣬺ĺپСôˢ𣿻ֱӰǮμˡ
ͼμһٵĻ׵˵ĸǰ  ׵ǲϵĵλóǱ˶
⡭ˢģͼμο׵ɴ۾ʵ
ô˰ѣüģǰˢҲӦõЦŵ
ɡһﰡ㡭һ˶ˢ˰ɵһ붼ֱƽ̨׬ȥˣ
ͼμʵҲ֪ЩǮԼԵõһ룡  ̶̵İСʱһ׬˼򣬿˵뱲ӵǮ챻׬ˡ
ԽԽǸоΣ
ЦŵôǮ˵ʲô˵Ҳʲôûµ
ǡ
ͼμλЩۣʵҪںЩǮĻˢ
װڰֵˣϽȥֱɣǱ߳Աˢһ˸һǧ
Ǯջǻص˻˼Ŀڴ˼ֱֲ˴ˣҲνˡ
ͼμһļǾǧ򰡣  ĳǧĻͻΪֱһˣ
Ϊû˵쳬ģһǰ޹˺ߵ񻰣
ȻǿѲܹģĴѾڼˣ  ͼμĴмȴ֪ôڰ
һݸмԼУȻ֪ôһݶ飡  ׻ƾǣMCAṤң
MCAMCAСMCAСڹ棬MCA沢ûмˣ  ССMCAĸ᳤MCAĻ᳤  ˿ȥᣬȴֱպĴ  ССҲ֪˳Ϊ崿ļͼμΣȻҲϲǱϾһʱ̫ˣо͸һ  ϲǵеĳһ˵Ļˡ
СС˲ϲͼμΣһʹֶѹͼμΣҲ൱Ŀģ
żͼμμҪ̭һ̣ҲоԼеһڶͿҪȥˡ
ߣμξȻҲӦǻ᳤ͷԵģСĻϵļͼμλһҲЦһ
һԵСҲǵͷ˲һЩƣ֪үмֻ۾ǻ᳤һ
һԵλŮҲ΢΢һЦ  ʵϣߵŮĲɺܶ඼ǻױġ
һԵССȻܲ᲻Ȥ  ʵԷǳķȻ˲զΣŮѾǸ˹ϵ  ǳĹһҹ֮ҲǸ˵棡  ˲پԼ˻ʱʱķһЩʲôʣµҲĽ  ɵͼμεһ̣Ķˣ
Ů˺ͼһģһҲоһ˿ζ
ãֻҪеŮˣֻҪȦ棬Ӳģ
ȻǻиģŮ˵ջ£ͷ
ⷴǼ˵Ҫƥֻгɾ͸У
ɲɣ
һμͼμξȻҲPKһһʱ  СС¹ϵô˵
᳤С¹ѾϵˣֱܾˣСЩϧ֮ѾЦ˻
־ܾˣǿҵ˰
ǰ᳤Ůʵǲʶٰ̧ǵļ붼Ѿߵ˰ˣȻ޶ԣѾˡһͨͥС
Сͼμεĸ׺ĸ׶ʦϵ֣ûʲôıҪǲܵģ
һٸС¹һͨ뺣˵һ֮ڲ𸴵ĻǴӴԺèTVûмμһˣ
ǣ᳤
СС϶˷֮ɫѲɲ֪һμεŮӽMCAĻô᳤Դ϶бġ
ĻÿҪʧ֮ޣⲻҪĽ
С׼Ƶ͵С¹Ǳߵʱȴ𾪵ķһ飡
᳤ˡ
СŵĻԭͿĨЩ׵ɫӵİˣ
һĻĲ˼飬·߸һ㣡




1314
 

ôˣ
СһһէӣҲǳʵ
Ϊ᳤ȻǼʶ̫ðͷ˵壡  ΪMCAĻ᳤ҪǲҪڻèTVǾǲܵģ  ҵʵ̫ˣèTVҲMCA
һߵĻʱèTVʧԹģ
ܹѹסһͷڵܵġ
ȦԽԽҲʶ˲Ȧˡ
Ȼܹ˵ֱֻ죬ȴҲֱĿӼˣ
ԿС᳤һ𾪵ģոյȼһ̵Щü  һԵСС˵С㿴ɶ˰
СЩͰ͵˵㡭ǿ
ôˣ
СʶĻͷ˿ԼĵԣɵʱҲǾˡ
һСӣҲһǰʱϵ̶Ѿǵ˵ϣ
һˣôأ
ŭʵоѾԼƿء
СڸˢСһˢһٶ򡭡
ǵˣڷˢǼֵ5200λóǱǮǮ𣿡СҲһĽ˵
ˢЦһ
᳤ˢ˺Ͱ̶һӵʱˢôСЩ𾪵˵
С᳤MCAǳռPKİһα˸ռͷĻǡ
ǰ᳤ԲռǵķͷȻѾ嵽˵һĻǾͼл˰ɣ
СҲǳļ֮Ҳȼգ
ֱһŮ˱ţҪ֪ССֱ֮ˣ
񿴵·ɱҧǵĵһ뷨ȻǰŮ˸ѹȥ  ЦһߣҲҪҶȴѹҵһ
ǣ֪ͨˣMVAʱҪʾˣһҪҶֲһֱӦңҲǱ˰
ЩըˣоԼĵλܵصв
вλˣȻԼ׷޹ûõļͼμΣ
ҲֻԼ֪ˣֱɹ޷ܵġ
һ̣ͼμĵף
һԵССӣҲŵЩ֨
Ȼ֪һΪӵˣҲΪˣ£ķŭпܵһЩķ
ͼμεȻȹ̣ǵˢʵ̫һЩ  MCA˿Ҳ˹棬MCAߣԭPKPK֮
MCAǿһҲʾ˳  һMCAҲǿʼϵʼıƽ˼ͼμεĽ࣡  кܶMCAΪֺʼˢġ
ΪǶMCA£ǶǿMCAŵġ
᳤ǵǺǿģҾͲżͼμЩܹ֧ŶãѾˢٶˣ
СżͼμǱߵˢƺͣҲЦһ
ʵΪͼμڸ׵죬ֻ˲֪
СС̴绰ǵļλǣ˵ҪǺʮһˣסǵСҲԸҵġ
ȦҲһһȫһЩ̫Ľɫ
һЩǣһҲðŵķܾġ
οһǳ鷳Ҫʱ򲻰æĻ˼Ǻޣ
ڽƮľǸӣ  һһܹ㣬ǶǶá
˵ˣǸͼμθһһεƽ̨PK˵ľ棬Ѿ˴Χˡ
᳤Ҿ˹ھڶ֪࣬ھ¼ƽĿС̵
ϣһۺܸ߰һȦĵλȻ⼸ķϣҿ¡
ϣС
ֽ̳ǵֽļͷ֮һ·˿  ᳤ܹϵ֮ǰĳŻվİ佱ϣҵԱߣǻ˵绰֮ǰھǵʱҳԹСЩɬ˵
ɫЩѿȻϲС˵ռһ˿ļ֮ģ
Сգ
᳤ܹѼߵĻӦûʲôġһֱСʱҵʱ䣬ҹһӦÿԸ㶨˰ɣϾҵ棡Сŵ˵
УСͽˣˣҵڸʮĽ𣡡¶һ˿ЦݣֻЦݿȥΪĹ졣




1315°ԼС
 

Ӣĳߵвڣ  ͼμǱ߸С¹Ƶ˿˹עĽѾǼͼμλˣڸĹע˵ľ  ˭ǽPK  ԭܶΪMCAӦǵʲõPKġ
һPKÿ궼ܹ׬򣬸˵ˣ
ʵҲˣôţȻҲĵġ
Ǯ˵  ΪʲôôţΪҲ򸻺֮
μΣϢMCAϣ֪𣿡С¹żͼμε
ͼμοС¹ϣô˰ʵҲϲأ
˵μ㶺˰˼ڿľְMCA񻰾ǰڶˢ˳һǧ˰
С¹żͼμҲǳĽ֮ɫ
ҡ֪
ͼμȫû˷ܣȡ֮һָУôоô°  С¹żͼμεӣû˵˵ˣͣ㻹ôüģҶôϣԼôĳü
ˡ
ͼμοֱҲ΢΢ҡͷ
˵ʵ׵˵Ĵͣ߼ûκεĿԣ  һϵĵ˿һӿȥϰǵĺǳǿ  ͼμε׵ҲǱ߳Ա߿żͼμεֱ
˵ϵϵ𣿡׿Ÿʵ
ЦŵаСʱ͵ˡ
Ӣ׶³ȻصһĵزҲЦ
һЦŵŹȥʮӶСʱأҲᱻ̭Ҫ˵ֱӹԷˣ
⵹ҲǣȹԷأһ˵μΡЦŵ
ͼμκǰķ˿˵һǸȻߵ׵ĸǰ  Ұͼμο¶һ˿ǳЦ
˵Ѿǳ񣬶棬۾һ  ڶMCAҲþȫˢİٶ򣬲ͼμεһǧ̫̫ˡ
ϵĵƺĺܶ  Ҳˢˢˢˣһգ۵Ĺ򣬶Ǽϴܣ
׺ڳŷûпˢ񵥣Ҳͣ
һͣͣһŬ׷ϣ͸һִǾҪϼͼμˡ
ԷɣøԼСǣʱǸֱаСʱ͵ˣ
׿żͼμεЦŵ
ҲҺǰҡҿǲ鷳˰ɣMCAѾǰ׻֮һ϶ˣαø˷Ǯأ
ʵڼͼμ˵Ƿǳھεģ  ̶̵һṦ˼ҾͻһǧԼҪ˵ĻѾʧˣ  û£Լ˾µһЩԱֲûǮø׻Ҳ
νʲô  ʴƵĸ󣬶ԼȻ
ղżͼμοǸ׻ƵǣҪǷںĻǻŲϺŵ֣  ллȥͷ˿к˵СʱڻֱҪԷˣͼμҲΪԵ˵
˵Сʱ֮󣬸ҴϲɣҪȻһڴжûˣ
ϲţģ
ȻͼμҲʲôϲȻ˵ˣȻҲġ
ͼμ뿪ֱĵطҲӳ˼ڣɻϱûʲôʳڿôļ˰ǰĶˣ
һֻһֱûôͣ  ڼͼμθոճ׵ûжõʱһֻˣ  һλС¹Ƶһ̣ǸС¹żͼμһԵļҲЦŵμΣ㶼һԷ˰İ
ƶˣ£ͼμοС¹Ҳʵ
ȻҽһΪ˰ղôûֱºö˶˵ƭأС¹
ƭӣƭʲô˰ҲóԷͼμ˵
˵Ǹʲôϲƭ˵ģMCA϶ĵˣ˿ȥٱˢƭ˿ǮأҹһͻлèTV˸绰ˣ
С¹żͼμγȻѾ֪Щˣ
ͼμЩüʵƾʲôƾʲô˵ƭ˰ƭ˭˰ǵģ
㻹֪ΪˣMCAèTVͶ⾺ĺܶ˿˵ƭ˿Ǯƣ˵ʲôĶС
С¹Ļû˵꣬ʱͼμεֻѾſͷǾǵţҲɫһ䣡




1316ͱ˵ĻèTV
 

ιãǼͼμΣ
ͼμν˵绰ֱӱԼ֣ӦǻèTVĿͷ  ʵѾǵһνӵͷĵ绰Ȼλĺ벻һǰĺ붼һģ
ԼͼμѾȷǻèTVĿͷ  ãǻèTVĿͷСţͼμŮʿǻèTVͷڶʱڽӵ˴Ͷߣ˵Υˢƭ˿ɡ
Сŵ˵ͦģϾһ컢èTVǼͼμһ˺ŵͳһǧ
Ǿ޽еʢȻMCAﲻ𣬵ĽҲС  ͼμγˢʲô֤˵ˢأ˵ˣˢʲôϵ⻨Ǯƽ̨Ҳûй涨ˢˢɣ
ǵģֱ;ȥ⡭
СҲЩƵ˵ȻЩ˵ȥˣ
ͼμεŷ޷ʮΣҸողŵִӢףûüһڣҪʱԿڷǿԵİɣ
⡭쵼ҪͨСų
ιǻèTVĸܲǼͼμС𣿡洫һӵ
ͼμγܲãǼͼμΣ
ͼμŮʿϣֱܹƽ̨ǰΪ˿MCAһͣ
MCAèTVӵżӰͶ߼ͼμζ⾺Ҳûа취Ŵ绰  ˵ӦǸ˲Ŷԣһʱҵķ˺üܲɲ
ֻƺЩ˲ԼﲻMCAˣ  ΪʲôҪǽͣ˵ˣǲٿPKаôȥأһвǣǳвˣҼͼμοɲһף
ͼμҲһиԵˣܲ˵ҲǺġ
ͼμŮʿϣܹΪ֮֮ڲMCA͵ĻôֻܹPKƽ̨ȥˣ
MCAʲô˰ûдƾʲôҸǵǸֵĺܣͼμ
MCAǻèTVĵһ󹫻ᣬǰٷ֮ʮ붼ᣬ˵ʲô˰
ǡͼμλҪ˵ǱѾǹ˵绰  ˿̵ļͼμɫ൱ѿ޳ˣMCAͣǸ  ģ  ǻèTVҲǵﲻ𰡣Ͼǿƽ̨Դġ
һèTVԵĻʱʲôĽǵòʧˡ
ϾĽȨڻèTVͼμλûа취  £òͷ  ͼμȻоĺܣֱ֪ûκεİ취ġ
׿żͼμεôˣΪˣ
ͼμη˵Ǹû뵽ֱƽ̨ǵӣֲôŰ裡
ֱƽ̨ثְҪǲֱǲˣһ¡Цŵ
⻢èTVҪĴ㶼ˣǲҰMCAԽԽҲûκεİ취ͼμγ
ôֱƽ̨˲˵ˣMCAЩҾͲ㿪˫ļǮǲһҪǷɱĻҲף
һ֮ˣֻԴԼˡ
MCA˵ƷʵЩ̫ˣǷɱأ
ʲôûѧᣬȻѧǱˣ˲ɱûˣ  ҪϰĻҲˣȻҪ;͸һͰɡ
ͼμЩͷɥĿףȻЩˣ  ׿żͼμҡҡͷʶǵϰ壬Ҹϰ绰ҵҪôѰ׵Ūɺڵģøʲô͸ʲô
ʶèTVϰ壿֪Ǳϰ˭ǿǡͼμЩԾĿס
Ҫ֪⻢èTVϰ׸֮ӻ˼  Ȼܹʶ˼Ĵļٵİ
˼ڹ˵УǾңɼˣܹһĻ¶Ҫ˵Ϻһء
Ҫʶ˼׸֮ˣ
ó˵绰ֱӲͨ˻˼ֻ˿̻˼ڽأ  һ׵ĵ绰Ҳ
ָ磬ȥŷˣ˼һ绰ʵ
ţ飬ˣǲиèTVֱƽ̨ʵ
ôƽ̨ô˰˼ЦŵѾùˣԼȥӪɣÿҲܹǧҵأ
ţһѽͼμΣǸƽ̨ģ˵飡һMCAвˡ׵˵
MCA˸ȥСʶľȻвָѣˣָ磬齻ˣܰȻܹȥ
˼Ǻԥľ˾׸ҪǶѡĻһͷײˣ
ܿ죬ױ˵绰  ˿̣ѾǴˣҲ߽ǹ֮ˣ  ͼμθ״绰ûлع˿̿⼸ѾסԼͣ  ̫ˣ




1317¹ʳ
 

ڣͼμʵҲ֪׸˭˵绰ǿ˵ķǳĸɴࡣ
Ҳ֪Լĵĸ޼µģ  Ȼ˵ĻôҲֻܹ˲ǣ  ɵͼμҲ׼ҽʱ򣬴߽˼ˣͷǸļͼμһ  JAY-Hȣķ-ܿ˹
һ߳ޣվߣΪ֮ˡ
Ȼ䣬ˣͼμκͺٶڵ
ˣǼһܹгֵ֣
ϰ塭
˿ʱǹĳŸʺá
Ƕ֪һǵϰ壬ʲôʱֻҪϰ庰˵ĻǾæҲóչ
JAY-Hһ׵ʱҲ̶׵ֶּˣ
ǰȥͬ۴ѧһ𣬺Ҳдʱ˰ɣû뵽һεᣡ
׿JAY-HҲ΢΢һЦ
һԵķ-ܿ˹˿ףֿ˿JAY-H˵JAYʶ
JAY-HЦŵֶʶһͬ۴ѧУʱ򡭡
һͬ۴ѧУ죬ϰǴ绰ҵģǸʱûгΪˣҲǷǳź
ķ-ܿ˹JAY-HҲΪյ˵Ҫ֪һμֱﰡ
Ǻǣֶã֪ǵòǵңȡһԵİЦŵ
ȻǵãСôƯ˹Ŀ׿ŰҲ΢΢һЦ
¶һ˿Цݵлֶޣ
ѽѽ˵ô°ֶǸʲôİҲø˵һ²ǣķ-ܿ˹ЩƵĿһԵ˵
ԼҲϻױƷֶϼŵĶ³JAY-HŽܿ˹˿ҲǴһ˿ζ  ϼţ
ķ-ܿ˹ʿˮоһĺˣ  ż˵Ϊ˰һֶѣ֪λΰ
ϰ壬ҲķԸֻҪֶһ仰ȻǺԥ˵ġ
׿Űȵȶл˰λѼͼμΣ
˿̵ļͼμκͺһ±ƵĿǰľǲ⼸λʳ޵ĳ֣  ڵǸ׵ݣϼŵĶ³
ʲô  ںٸоԼ￴һ㣬ѹҲ˵ͷ  ֮ǰΪ˹ºţ棬ûһʡ͵ĵư  Ⱥ֣
ȻبŲ䣬ֻ˼ֶȻͼμСúٵΪĸж
ãͼμС㣬ǰȣܸʶ㣡󷽣ҲǼЩ档
żͼμεı飬Ҳ֪Ƿ˿Ƚϳһˡ
ֻҲЩֶ֣ѣӦòôûмɣ
֮ǰȥͬ۴ѧʱҲǼ׵ѵģ
ãС㣬ҡӰԣĵӰ̫ÿˡ
ͼμҲһƨ˦˹ȥоԼʵ̫λһЩ  һԵĺٿŰȵ֪λܸܲҺӰһ£
ǵΣȻڹںӢףĴҲҪܹİ
һλȥţܹһӵˣ  λʳޣһ˼ƨ˼ҿȥԼ̬ȻǳĲ
һξȻʶϼŵĶ³ԺҪ˵ȥĻǼֱ̫  Цŵ˵ܲа˼ܲһ˼ҹҪǰæģڳ͵ʱ򡭡
̸ֶͣǿľͲæ˰ȿЦŵ
һԵĸҲǵֶǵĳֱ֧ӷԸ˰
ҲЦŵǹ˰μΡ
ֶңͼμδ˿̶Ҳû֮ǰǰˡ
Цŵ㣬ҸҵҹˣɾͿı˰
⡭üλʳ޸ֱ⡭ǲЩ̫ݳ˰
ͼμλΪѿģھһֻü޸ԼǱֱСʱ
ҪǴȥĻ¼ͼμҲţˣ  ȿżͼμεֱֱ𣿡
С㣬Ҳֱ֪ͼμοŰȷ·ҵ˹ͬһ㣡  һԵķ-ܿ˹ЦŵڲǷǳ𣿲ͼμСǴһеģ
ţ䡭ʵҾϹŪģҪ׻ƵһЩȺ塣ͼμЩ˼˵
׻Ʒ˿һûᰡJAY-HҲЦŵ
Դͬ۴ѧУ֮JAY-Hӵ׻Ƶĺü棬˵ʵһȻݳɵõĻرȴޱȵľ޴ġ
ʲôأʼɡ
ҲǺٺһЦһԵļͼμοŰȾȻ˵ҲǼĲ֪˵ʲôˡ




1318İ
 

ǣMCAң
˿Ѿֱң˵ʵϲôæ  MCAĿǰֱĶ·˿
Ȼ˵ϵķ˿ҲǳĶ࣬Ҫܶ࣬˭ӷ˿أ
ýԼĵ϶ܹռֵͷġ
ˣ
ûеڣһȦܹ׬ȡӶܹռͷӷ˿ֶΪأ
ʵϰ˵һ˫ӮĽ
ֱMCAһ󵨵ĳԡ
еMCAССҲǶֱŮҲΣ  ϵĵǴһڷ˿ľۼ˿̵MCAֱңѾǱǵһΣ
ֵܣлл
ϸһӵֱ֮󼴽ʼǻʱģ
ϿЦŵ˵ôúõֵ˰
ֵұ˸˰Ƶ˵
˵ֱ֪ĳ񰡣㻹˸ˣҿɲš
ϿⲻдʣӦΪԼķ˿Լġ
Ҳ֪ϵ뷨ָָĻ㿴һġ
⡭һǧļٵİǮô׬أҲһ  ʵһѾǹˣ˵ǳߵ֡
ôҲû뵽һССֱһϾȻˢﳬһǧ
ǲǱ뻹Ҫ֮ǰȻ˽ҵû뵽ҵȻ˵ķ  ̾һһ֪Ϊʲôֵæ˰ɣ˵ˣһξ˫Ӯ㿴ҵķ˿ѾİٶˣһڲϵӰ
ǰϸĺʵ̫ˡղ߻˿˵ϸҪһӱһٶ˿ŰСʱʱ䣡
MCAСϣ˵дģˣ
ϿСҲǺٺһЦææ
μεŮϲ֣׷춼û׷һԭѵû뵽ﵽҵͷˡ
Щ˵ǲ¶ˣ  ϿЦŵ˵С׷Ů˻ǻ򰡣Ů㶷ջǻġ
ֵܵļ԰΢΢һЦתСèTVǱʲôûУ
СҸղŸèǱߴ˵绰˵ܲԳͼμͨˡèǱҲŪϾͼμһ̫Ӵ󡭡
ûõĶ⻢èTVǻŷٶû뵽Ȼ˵˰MCAЩ˵ȥèTV˵Ǹ㲻飬͵ÿǿˡ
ãǿʼֱȥèǱߵ˹ͨһԵС
ˣСĿϣʵҲ߱¶Լʵ
˼Ĺ˾Ҳǿ˵ɾͲɵģм  ţ֮Ҳһʱ
᳤֮ǰҴ̽һϢǸͼμκҲ˸ʲôͷMCAС
һԵЦŵֱҲװ
ͷ˭˵أʲôͷ
Сһǰ˵Сʱ֮ҴϲȻ͹رֱ˵ܶ˶ѾʼͶˣ˵ƭӣ
ߣƭʲôһ㱳ûУܸʲô۶Ӱ˵ˣҼǵӦӢװɣӢǱܹʲôֱһڿʼͷˣ
ȻϲͼμΣΪˣԲŮ˱Լǿ
ϿЦŵ˵˼Ҳܹʲôأ
ֵܣԼŮ˵İǸʦϵ֡ûκεıм˵
΢΢ͷǿʼֱɣ˿ӦõȲˡ
Цŵͷ֪һˣʱЩǵﻹˢˢˢľˣ
˿̣·ѾһѵǮԼķأ
ӵֱMCAߵֱѾǱˣˮһ  ˵ķ˿ӣױȵģ
ֱûжãԭȥèTV̸еMCAСѾǼҴҵĴ˹
᳤һ£ܲҪͨ
MCAС˿ɫһĲҰףôҲû뵽ᷢ顣
MCAСżæӣҲһĲʹ죬ҪΪֱ¶Сŭˡ
ȥҲǼĸ˿СҲһɻ




1319ǿӲܲ
 

MCA⣡  MCAMCAСһŭʲôֱſʼӣͲǵһȣ
MCAС᳤Ըܲͨɣ̬еǿӲ
ǿӲǹǰɣҵҪ˭ţĹ˭
Ҳһŭ죬ԭѾǵ춨ʤˣҪͨһεֱ˿
ֱʮӵĻôԼĺܶ˿ᱻˣ
ʵȻ˫Ӯľ棬кܶȴûа취˵ó
Ҳﰵ˿ȻϿһź  ˭ڵȴŶԷ˭ڵȴŰԼȵһչָ˿
Ϊշ˿ٶģɾȻʱСˣ
˵ܲҪʧ˷˿Сܹ  İ칫ң  ϵĵ绰ǱߣҲŭ˵绰  ι
˵ǷǳĺãûèTVǼǮۿӣ  ֮ǮĿѾûôǿˣҪأ
èTV֮ǰһֱԼӦһֱڻèһԭ  𣿾ʵͼμǱûκε⣬Լֱ
ܲã㻹ûҵ˼
̫˰
ʲô˼ǰѼͼμε˺ŷɱˣҲǴһ˿˿ǿӲ  ʵ֮ǰڶԴϣ̬ģ
ǾҪסMCAκεĻߣҪ֪ھָMCA׬Ǯء
Ǿڸոûжõʱ䣬èTVĶ³˼ٶһ绰񣡣  ٶѯ˽컢èTV쳣Ȼ˵һ䣬μѣ
Щп಻üͷȥѯ˻ٶ˼  ϾҲ֪ٶԴMCA̬ȣ  ҪԼŪĻҪٶƺϴˣ  ٶһ仰ҲǲƼˣ
κ˲ܶͼμΣͱˣɱ  ɱһԼһ  ʵҲ֪һٶĶŭ˵ĻпܶЩԴ
Ҫ֪Ŀǰ׻ֹ˾ɶڻٶУĸٶȥĻҪ군ˣ
ûа취Ҳ֪һǾǸ첲šȰ
˻ٶ仰˵ҲûôĿˣ˵ˣȻΪܲãҲûMCA
ǰҲֻԼ˵ʱЩ壡
ڷչMCAֻҪ绰ǱȻҪԼ
Լӵ绰Ļô۶ӾƵ
Ϊ˹˾棬סˣҲܹһ̰ɣ
MCAЦһܲãҹʲôķֻһҪǾǽҲڿͼμε˺ųPKƽ̨ˣ
̫˰Цһ
ܲãһܲãӦҲ֪ǻèTVǻ϶MCAŵġ
MCAĻһŭգ񣡣ʵ̫ˣ  û뵽СѾĿ˵ĵز  һҪΪ㲻ɣҸ㣬ͼμβᱻɱԺҲܱɱ
˵ģһĺ£  ˵ôˣһԺʵһ㣬ΪʲôҼȻܹ㣬ȻҲܹɱ㣡
ɱңԣȻôţھ͸㣬쿪ʼҾʹMCA뿪èTV
ҲЩģû뵽һǫǫӣҸԼ˵Ȼ˵ţ  ʵҲ֪Լѣ
Ҫ֪MCAµôˣèTVĺԼ
Ҫ˵ĻΥԼҵˣҲɵӰɣ  ֮ǰ㲻绰 Һźĸ㣬쿪ʼͱɱˣ
һ˵ǿӲĸоҲһˬ죡
ԼҲû뵽ܹģ
ŭˤ˵绰Ȼûим䵽׷ʲô飿  һ׵Ȧˣ
ͳһ̣׼ʱȻ䷢MCAСȻֱҴææ˳
ǱղMCAСܽȥԼʱûʲô
MCAСô˰ģ治ʡģ
ᡭ᳤Թȥɣˣȫˣǿˡ
MCAСоԼҲһıо̫Ĳ˼飡
ΪڸոգͼμεֱһεĿˣ




1320ץMCA
 

MCAֱڣ  С˼ٵĽֱң˿ҲһȻĿСԱߵֱң  ⡭ôأ
ϿŸڵֱңоһʧ䣡  ͷ
ѾûԼķˣЩƳȣԼ׻ƵǿԵġ
ǶǸʲôμεŮǱߣȻλʶǣ
νǾվڽ˵֣иģǾûг˵ˣ
JAY-Hķ-ܿ˹ȡ
ɲǵȦ̳  աղֱ仹İٶ˿⡭ȥһӵʱ䣬ʣٶ˿ˣ
MCAСǼ½ķ˿˸оһ״̬  ʵ̫˰˿ٶǼֱȶʽµ
ʲʲô˿ô
ЩججĿǰһУҪMCAСϵߵ
ҪȻĻ¾ĳˣ
ϿЩû˵˵㻹ǰĺİ֪˼ôţȻģԺĺӺˣ
˵꣬ˤ˵Ӿ뿪ˣȻûͼȴǱߣ
֮Щϵķ˿ҲǼҴҵĳսҲȥֿľǰ
ھȻܹӢĸȵ˻˼ҿﾹȻ׻˵һл  ƻǰǲܵ飬ƺѾǱʵһ㣡
ܶ˶ĽڼͼμεֱѾнһǧķ˿ۼһ𣡣
⡭ǲ˵ûɶ⡭ûɶѾûɶ⼸λҳų氡
żμǱߵֱ֮Ŀɿڴ  ӶĴĶˣ
ͼμεʲô·Ϊʲô˵ĴƸأ  һ˵ٺãҲܺõĳ̶Ȱɣ
зǳƣں޲ֱӽĻˣ
᳤ǡô죿MCAСMCAЩ֪ʵ
ô죿֪ô죿£
Ҳһ㣬Ĳ֪Ӧôˡ
һԵСղܲͻȻǿӲĪμεıǻٶڸ
Сôһѣһ뵽ԣ  ܣǼǲǵ֮ǰͬ۴ѧǸУ죿JAY-HͰȾͱˣһε֮һǻŷŰ
MCAСǵǼ飬˵ֽȥΪԻ͵һξˡ
ܶǽֵ  MCAһɫѾǱֱ䣬ĻǸ˼ȥ
Ҫĸλ׸֮ӹȥĻ˼ǮܰԼˣ
г˿־֮ɫԽԽСĻеģʿˮ죬Ͻܲô绰졭
֪̬ת䣬϶Լ̬ת䣡
һ˵̬ȼת䣬Ҳڶ̶̵ļ֮ڸıġ
ʲôɸ˵֪ģڿҲ֪ʲô첲šˣ  ĺԼ͵ڵĻôеʱ
ĺԼҪ֮ŵڣҪ걻ɱʱԼų׬ƨǮ  Ӣ׵ڵĲ  Сʱֱܿȥˣ߷ֱͬʱȻﵽǧ֮ޣ
һμͼμ׬˸貧ӯˣ
ǧ֮䣬Ҳ˵һηֵ־ܹõǧ򣡣  ллֶ
ͼμοףоԼһҹҸ벻ƺϣ  ·Ůⰲŵһһļѣ
׿˿ʱ䣬ЦŵȻԵ˵⳥ǣ
⡭⳥𣿡һԵĺŵһվ
ЦŴһָȻOKû⣬ЪǮ
׿żͼμκͺٵҲԵ֣һ⳥һݵģǵľǵģЩûгͷ˾ûˡƽ
ֶҡôҪǮأҲҪͼμһһԼҲǶһ¡
֪ǮʵҪ
Ϊ˼ֶĻԼͺθô˳
װڰֵǵľǵģ˵ˣǾǸȱǮǮҲԼ߼˹ĺһЩ𣿡
⡭
һӶ֪˵ЩʲôˣȷҪǮĻֶǲȱǮ  ЦŵˣǾʹ˱ɣһӢЩҪ죬ʱԼȥɣǸεΣøɶĸɶ
˻˼䣬˾ʹȥڵı
ʵϣעص㣬δĽ̻ʵǻ䣬Ϊǲ֪Ҫʲô顭




1321µǵĸ
 

ıڣ
ɳ룬ֱ࣬ʱ˿ɲ֮ǰôĵȻˣ  ˣһŷǡ
̧ͷһףҲȷǷĻԼ˵飡  ЦŵҪȥ
̻ʵǻ䣿׳ˣȥð
ôˣ׿˾ֵıʵ
ʵϸǿǵһ㣬ֻ˵ʱǻǸоôľף  ֻһˣǰ̻ʵǻ䣿
⻹̫һ㰡  ˾ȻľôˣҺôķƵӣʵЩԲ
׼æˣ˴ν̻ʵǻ䣬ĿȻ˵ңҲ֪ͻѵȺǡ
ǰˣʱ򲻵̻ʼˣڽ̲иŶ˹ȥһôӴݰ
ʿˮһʵǲ˼鼫ˣ
Ҫ̶ֻĻôʲôأ
΢΢һЦһεĽ̻ʵǻҲδؾͻô˳Ӧ˵һʲôɣ
⡭ҵȻ˵ˣ̻ʧ꣬һΰ˵ǻȻûн̻ģҲ֪ΪʲôͻȻƾν̻ʣǲôԲְܹ
Ҳ֪һʱͽҪʧȥ
Ⲣص㣬ν̻һλμ廹֪ܹܲ  ν̻һȻϴ޷һ飡  μ»Ĳһܹŵס  ׿Ÿͷ˵ףҵӵн̻ȻҪһˣ
ʲôղ˵ʲôӵн̻⡭ôأ󾪿ֵĿףȻ׵Ļ
ȻҲ֪Լ˴˵ѣҲ̫˲ˡ
̻ʹһ廨ôʱ䶼ûҵõ
ѲԼ˾Ȼҵˣǲܵ飡  һԵҲǳˣôӵн̻أ⡭̻֮ǰʧãҪǸһʧٵĻеʥŮ
ǰʥŮѾڵһζս䣬Ѳ̻䵽׻ƣɡҲϺҪ֪ݿʥŮɴûȥ׻ư
ЩĿףϣܹһĽͣ  ׿˵Ȼ֪Ҳ޷ݿʥŮû˿ӦҲڳķǰذɡ
ʥŮû۾ɵϴĲţ  ʱǾ֪ˣһתӢףʵҲǲǳ̫鷳ǾͲҪˡ
׿Ÿμ廹ûȫƿأѪȻҲܹǸط
ʱݿʥŮһѪǵʱҪʲô¶Ǻѣ  ҪľӢҸطȻԼЩ˸Ūǵʲôˣ  ʵϣ׵뷨ӦѾﵽ֮ˣ
Щ˵ʵѾǳˣ  ֻһֱûпȥ̽Ƕѣ˻ᣬȻúõĿԼŮ˺͵ǵʵôˣ  ˣҡôܹĿȥأ⡭ǲеİ
δذɣŵ˵İɣûк֣ôܻǰǱأ
ˣɡһ˹İ⡭Щҿ˿
һԵŸ˻ѾǽȰҲ˵أ
⵹ûУһεĽ̻ʵǻ䣬ȻݿʥŮλ׳ֻҪݿʥŮǻΪ̻ʣͺһͳˣ
⡭ȷΪ򵥵ķɡҪȫ֧ݿʥŮ̸װѹܰ
ףҲд˵֮ɫ
ѹǺǣһôģΪ̸ܹɹˣЦŵ
ɡǡһıƣ
֪Լ˵ôģк֣Ѳɲ֪ԼҪԵʲô
ǿڽ̲ôλʮʹʱۼǵʮʹ²°λ֮ޣ
ǰ˵ŶҲЩһİ  ׿˵ĵǣЩ˶ԼūͣʵЩҲûʲôġ
ŸЦŵȻЩǣǾʹǿҵİְɡ
ಣ
˼ͬʱʧ˸ı֮С




1322ǿ
 

㣡
˽δ֪ʱŵøо·Щ̫ȵˣ
ˣ⡭ʲôطЩʵ
һԵŨ¸оһ  ҲЩ˵طǼֱ°빦
ǺǣԺлᣬǻнģЩʱҲ͸룡΢΢һЦ
ǡǱˣŶΧźüˣһƺ
֮һѾ۾
Ϲ
Īһ׵ʱ˶סˣ  ȻŹ˰ҵʱ䣬Ѿȥʮ꣡
ʮ갡  ˰ͣĪ̸о֮ƺ첻ʶˣ
ȻĪ̺ףҲǷ׷׵˫ۣ
׿ˣһЦúúãʵĺܲǳĲȻǿ˹
׹ҿЦŵҲû뵽ǵĽȻ˵ĺˣȻʵɱ
Ī̡աϪΡС塢̷֣
˸վ׵˸ǰպͽС֮⣬Ѿﵽ˶ɽٷĲΣ
պͽС壬ҲѾǴﵽ龳ڵĲΣνʵǿᣡ
˵ߵĽɫˣ  ϧ˰ԭһһΪ˵ƽ磬û뵽պС֮⣬Ѿ׼顢̤˰
׿ʣµļˣҲ΢΢һЦ
ЦŵʵҲ飬֮⣬֮һʣȻˣǸС̷⡭
̷֣û뵽㾹Ȼܹƽ֣һ򣡣ǿϲɺذҲЦŵ
⡭ˣ䡭ʵ֮ҲŷִĵЩһֱ뷨˰
̷ֿף
Ǻǣ֣һ򣬱ɽժǳѾֵİ壬ȻҲֱͨɽ磡ɽȻҲ֮أ
׿̷֣ҲǷǳĿ϶  ׹ҵͷֿɽǿ֣Ժи˰
̷΢΢ףȻˡ
װڰ֣Ȼŵλǵɽ磬Ҳһҫĳţǰɽ绹СģݷԴճ𡭡
׹Ҳǵͷǰɽٶ˵£ѾǸɽЩ꣬мҪ͵£ǻҵʱҲǲã
ˡ׳Ͻ̻壡
˳׺׹ҹֵ׹ҶЩҲǼģ  ʵϣ츳׿ȥɽ磬ʱɽҲҪһȷѪˣ
ţԶǸǿĶ󣡣
΢΢һЦ׹ʵȥɽ粻ͬһطɣ
ⶼҪˣõĻ벻ǺԶõĻǾ˵׼ˣ׳΢΢ҡͷ
ôɽĵطǧٹ֣ûʲôڵϵ  ɷͨأüʵ
ɷͨʡʡɣܽϴȥɽ绹ʵ̫׹΢΢ҡͷ޳׵뷨
ʵϣҲԼĿǣ
֮ǰ׼龳ҾͣģЩƺĿ죡  Ѿ˶㣬ҪѹǵΪǲ̫ˣ  ɽ˰׿׹Ҳ̾һ
ɽٲǻ£˵䲻ģЩһֱûܹʲôĥѣɽթҾõǿȥ
׹ҿЩӣҲ΢΢һЦ
Ϊǵ˵ʵҺγأֻǣ׽һӣɱϾǻ죬ҵġ
Ī̿׵ϹİɣûģʵԼҲû뵽һ쾹ȻΪɽɽ֮ˣҵɽʲô£ҲԼ컯𣿡
˵ĻȷʵˣЩ鲻Ҫܹ˵ģ飬ʵӿʼעĽ֣
׹ҵĻ˵ЩĪ⣬ʵҲ֪׹ҵ˼  ֻЩ᲻£
һԵˣûüӰȥɽһ߾ܣΪ˼ɽ翪ٵ·
׿˿ȻһЦ׳˵ȷǴֻϣȴȴطɽ磡
ٺ٣Ϲ㶼ûɽ磬ôأĪЦ˵
һԵһҲ͸˷֮ɫ˵ʵõˡ
׵Ļڻ֪ʲôطܿأ
ֽ֮·ֻʣһǰ˭أ
׹һȦ˵λ츳׿Ƕɽ֮ǰҿҪȥʹһֱȽϵĺã
Ҳд⣬Цŵ
һĪ̵һ˵Ҫȥʹһȥһ֣ҲڴĿס




1323¶ɽٵİ
 

֮У
ŵѾǲ˵ˣ֮ǰһΪ׵ǹƥĹ  ǺȻоҪΪʹһ忪ʼˣ  ôɽٷĸڴˣʵ̫һЩ
һɹǿѹøҴǹӵѹ˸оһı  ʦﰡС忴ҲЩƵʵ
ȻǵʵѾǷǳǿǿ֮
棬һ㣡  ׿˵ӢףļУ
⡭浽ʲôĪȥٲȻǴζ档
һԵ׹Цŵмգǽ̻ʵǻ֮ʱʱһͳ磡
ѾʼǵʵҲǹһ֡
ʵڶһֿܵ״̬֮УҲΪʲô׹˵Ҫһԭ
ЩȻõʵǺܶʵս鶼ûУ  Ȼ׸ǵĹɽ֮ɲɽ֮ﻹĶʵսǱģ  Ҫ֪һЩսǿ֮ˣܹԽս֤սɵҪԣ  ׹ҿһεһʵսĺûᣬԺȥɽ磬ǻܹʲôпᣡ
ҲǳƵĵͷɽ֮ɱϱ֮绹Ҫֱӣƶ֮ʱҪԼȥжˣ
˿̣ҲǴһˣһôˣҲЦе˵ʦ硢׳ϣôҲҰ
Сֲǲ֪ղڿҲô㰡׳Ц
鿴˵ʵʱΪϾ˼ǣû뵽ɩǾȻ˵ľ硣
װڰֵԭҲòף׳˵ûҲӦ˰
ٺ٣ҸղѾˡǾĻ䣬ҪıһǿߣǱҪĥǵ־˻ɢɽؾ֮·ʦԼ
׹ҵĻ˵һģһǶɽĳǿߣ  ǵĻԴɽǿߵ˼ˣ
׹ҵͷʵҲ֪йǣûУ֮ǰ㱻аնɱ置ڣ˵һлκε𣿡
ʲôϹ㱻˭һɱ˰
Ī̺յѾ˹ǿҲһĵǣ  ׹һЦİûˣ׳һﾪ˰ɽԼҲѱ̸ʲôأǳȥҲһֻԵ
ʦ磬ͨ˾ͺã⼸һﻹŰҲ޲ڵ˵
лֳ͡Ҳǹֵ
Ȼ鿴ȥ͸Сûж𣬿ȴ֪
ʹһ飬Ҿûǵ͵һЩȽϵĺãһӳôĸ֣ҿ¡
׹ҿ΢΢ҡͷڶǿͬʱʹһɽ٣ɵ𶯾̫ǿˣ  ֻһˣ˵һЩ
׳ϣЩҪǲֱնɱǣʹһ׻һ壬Ҳǲĳް
ʷҲ֪߰˰ˡ
׹Ұڰֵʵ˵ʱòҪ֣ɽٷûǻص׻˵ʱ˺ͽСּɡ
˼ȥ׹һԼ  Ϊʲô׳ϣǿɻɶûиɹ⡭ͷϷһƵ˵
Ī̵ҲΪʧ䣬ȷȻʵǿƺȥﲻʲôæ  ׿׹ңȻת˵׳˵һĳһ˳ȥȻע⣬ʱһɽƻ밡
ʵһ㣬˸ͬʱɽ٣ʱƵĿֲǾеЧӦģԼǶɽ٣Ҳ÷ֿɽ٣׹Ҽ
ҲǵǰûκεĶɽٻսľ飬ֿɽӦõѡˣʹһ飬ڶɩӺͽСĻǵս˿ɲһΰ
ãպС֮⣬˵ȻǰɨһȦˣ˵϶ǹһʧ֮ɫ
Ȼˣǻ׵ĻϾǿɶһִġ
Ī̶׵ʲôΣգɱӲ˰
׵ͷ׹ҵȼѾ뿪˸ıǰ  ʵҲ֪һεĽ̻ʵǻһѪȷ硣
Ҫúƽֶʹһ壬ͳûκε




1324
 

ڵкƽ뵺֮ϣ
ʹһĴӪʥǴñϿֻһֺΰĳʥ֮أ
ô֪ʥǴõıͨʹһǵأ  Щ죬ʥǴõΧƺ˸ӵĶࡣ
ַΪȴû̫˵ע⣬Ϊξ֮һʥǴȻصǰβιۣ
ԭ׹ҵ˹ΪĿ̫ۣʱԵĽһε뵽ĵ֮У
ֻ׵ٻʱ˾ͻΧ  ˵ǿ㣬׶һɱﵣ
̻ʵǻ仹ʱ䣬ȻοһĴʥǴõΧԸо˲֮ͬ
Ⱥ֮УָϢ洦ɼ
ǽʥǴ֮УƺĪʧˣڵȴݿʥŮĵ  ֪ݿɲһεǣ
ʥǴ⣬ҹɫˣ  ڰ˳ӿϵǰ࣬˿̵ĴڻһƬĵƻͨ
С㣬峤ȥ
ײԶһʮµһʮµŮ
ɭһȥȥûйϵɣǸǵŮǸɭӳ
С㣬Ӧ֪һֵģ峤˵˼ȥطݱһ£
ɭǵΪ׵Ķ̫ʹĻһҪ֪˵ʲôЩѵģ  ΪҲ֪ǵļƻˣһŸʲôǵдһ˿ľ
״һʱ䣬˺ܶ࣬˵ʲôĶУ
˿ȥΪ֣ʶһɨ֪ʵҲǷǳĲģ
ܹӵʹʵ˵˵ͷͣ  ͨļ壬ʹ¶ܹΪһ֮ˣȻǵġ
ɭǣæǵ͵С㣬𣿡
ҡ
һʱ鼱Ҳ֪Լ˵һЩ˵Ļ˿ҲЩĵͷ
С㣬ȸҹѾǱ˸ˣ
ɭоԶżʶԼҲһ
ܿ죬˾ʧʥǴõĸǰ
󣬼ӰҲǳʧķ򼲳۶ȥֻû֪ǣ׵ӰҲβУ
Ƕƺ춯һŮһЩȤ
ʵϣ̻ʵǻ䣬˼Ӧòֹһԭŵʱ򿴿˵  ڼȻˣȻҲҪȥ  ʥǴõĺɽһԱȽϸߵɽܲɽ֮ȴҲʽΪĵ̫ˡ
˼һЩ̽հ֮⣬֮˭Ը⵽ʺĵطأ  ಣ
֮УһӰӯһ㣬Ϳӹ  ܰܰ
ɭһӱ˸סΪ׵ǸɫᣬбĿ⣡  ڽ̲ˡ
ɭʿˮôҲû뵽ԼС㾹Ȼڽ̲˸ˣ
Ҫ֪ʹһ壬һڽ̲˶ϵĻǼǱɰ  ǲ鷳ֻҪҪ鷳ֱ˾
һɭ˵ڽ̲֣Ҳǻһ
ڽ̲Ȼڽ̲  ɭҪʲôǵɫ൱ѿ
ҡҲ֪
ɭ֮ʵǳĵǣΪ֮ǰǵĶԻ˸ˡ
ڽ̲һǲ޵
һз̻ʵۣǱȻǽɱ֮У  Щ죬ڽ̲˴ʹһ֮ˣٶˣ  вһЩ壬ɱ֮Ѿ뵽ʹһ˵С
μˣΪ׵˸ֶЩ֮ɢǿƣ
㡭ô֪ģ㡭㵽˭ɭǸʿˮ
ٺ٣ΰİ˹峤ޣ
-˹ʮʹ۷壬ҲϣΪ˹½ʮʹ֮ˣ  һޱɳִĿֻһһжԽ̻ʵǻ֮ˣ
ʵǺɭֵһ̣ѾǶˡ
޴ǵ̸֮УѾè壬˹ӣȷμҲǲһεķ̻ʵ  ¡˹㡭㾹Ȼǰ˹ĳϡ
һ˲䣬ɭɫҰף˴һıԵΪ֪ղǵĻѾǱ˸ˣ
μȻҲ˷̻ˣ¸£ڽ̲֮һзԽ̻ʵǻߣҵĸǣнˣ
-˹ЦһĵǺĿɭ׹һ㣡  ֺ䣬ƺӹ淢һ㡭




1325·̻
 

֮У  ɭɫ쳣ĲҰףʵһҪĿľǻС뿪
һη̻Ǻܶ´̼ģ  Ϊ֧ͳһΰ˹ҪƳ̻ʣʵҪʹһĿȨ  Ҳ֪һ˹ʹһ壬ʱЩͰ˹߽̻ʼȥЩˣ϶ûκεĺ³ģ  Ȼ˵Ļǻγһսľ棡  ЩȻϣսǻҪǼӣ  Ϊ֪һοǷɶ˻һ㣬ŵƴһ  ֻ̻ˣѾʧ˽һ룡  ڸԭǵıܴʩòƣμǱȽ˵ģΪصĵıȽϵ  һǲĻִǰʥǴõĻ-˹˻Ĳһֵˣ  ֻϧǱˣ  㡭ɭҲ侲ָ޳ƾʲôɱǣǷʲô
ߣǻӲΪ֪̻˵飿ֻû뵽μʹһ幦ѫ徹ȻҲУǿϧ
΢΢ҡͷƺЩϧɸȴһ˷ܣ  ԭЩӣԼ˱֮ҲԴǵվ˳һεĽ̻ʵǻ䣬ǸƭʹһֶζѣΪʲôܷԣ
˵ĺãμС㻹ǺиԵ޿ǹƵ
㡭ʶңһ㶵
Ȼʶк´̼ĵϵȻʶСʹһţȻҲŵģϲǶɱţ
޵ɭһУ  ˹ĳϣʮʹļҪ֪˹ĳ֮ʮʹǱȽٵģʮʹ  ΪʹһΪǿļ֮һӵڶĸ֣
˵ǹ˽Ϊʲôǵν̻ʣĽ̻أûн̻ǲܳΪ̻ʵģһҲûɣ
أ˶ģ
޿ǣż̻ʵǻ仹ʱ䣡
Ҳǹһ֮ǰѾ̵ļң  ڳһļ壬μ壡
˵ν̨̻֮ǹ֮Դòˣ
ҲΪʲôһԭ  ɭǵС㣬Ǹôϻһ֣Ǹƴˣ
ƴˣʵҲһҪɱǣ޿Ǻɭ΢΢һЦ
ʲôǿޣгɻ
˵Ҫʲôö֪ǴоͿԿóһ϶ûаʲôİ  ܼ򵥣ֻҪǴӦһҪҷǵɱǣһʹһʥ
һתƺѾ⣡  ʥ
ǵɴ۾ޣһﾹȻ˵ҪԼʥôأ  һԵɭҵȳԼļ壬ҪɱҪϤ㣡
û̸ˣһѰ˼ʱܹףվָμ峤ǿɾν̻ʡ
̾һƺΪǵִԲЩϧ  ʱڲô£ľǸɵˣ  ҳҵĸףû뵽ڽ̲˾Ȼ˵ıӣŭһ
ӣǻɰֻһΣҸһӵʱ俼ǣһ֮ӦˣǿԻȰμ峼̻ʴˣҲԴ򡭡
ԼҲ֪μƵĺ´̼壡
һıν̻ʲĻڽ̻˹嶼ǷǳĲģ
Ǻ׸ν̸̻׺ȻҲϣܹ˳Ĺһʱ䣡
̼屻Ǹ޾òϧ  Ǻ´̼ǾͲһˣӰͲͬն
һμܹӷ̻֮Ƕ̻Ҳһ޴Ĵ
ΣһɣԲܳԼĸ׵ģ
һԵɭǵС㣬ҰֵסǣϽ뿪ߣ֪ͨ峤ˡ
ɭǿɭһӣҲԥ  ӦҵΨһߵ·ֻ·һܣ̫߳
൱ţ׼ʮʹԸʹֻǷַӵ飡  ݣ
һʥ֮Ѿ޵γɣ˲䣬֮а׹ҫ۵Ĺâ  һ̣޵ʥ֮ѾǳǵĲնȥ




1326
 

˿̣ɭǵΧ׹
һϢѾ˵ΧֲɿܵһϢĸо  ˣ
˸оһ뷨ΪǸûκεĻ֮
޴ʵ࣬һ׸ĸо
ٺ١
ʥ֮ӽɭǵʱҲǷһЦݣ
ղͻҲΪ˿ûĿԣ  ʵҲ֪ҪˮԼĿ΢΢  ˵ĻҲǴһǣ  ûҲòϧɱҲǴһֻûиղŲ߷˵Ĺʹѣ
ǻŻˣ˵ûʲôʧ  ۣ
ڴ˿̣һǿ֮Ӳ޵Ĺ
ԭΪһѾصޣɴ۾ǰˣг֮ɫ
ĹȻ˸ˣһɲԤ޵˵ͷ
ԭǵֻɭǣǳܷԵĿš
ΪǶ֪һںη  ֣  ޵һ˲Q֣Ǹ֣⹥ΪĹ죬  ȻЩʥ֮Ⲩȴֲ̫񣡣  ˭
޵Ķͷһ˿亹ʿˮĺ󷽿˹ȥ
Ȼ֪˵ʲô򣡣
ɭԭΪԼ϶ǱɣɵǿȻ˾ǵʱһֽٺϲ֮飡  Ȼ˻ΪĵǣϣǱûϣҪðɣ
޳ϣҪҪȻ߰ɣ
޵Աߣһ˿ҲŵЩ겻壬Ҫ֪ʹһڵأ  Ƽ˭֪˭˭ǵأ  һŭ֣ǱɱҲǲ鲻ʲô˿
ߡ
޺ԥѾ֪μңʱȻ˴  Ǹ׼뿪֮ʣ  ǵǰһն˹ӲİǱƻԭλ
޸оһķɬ֪Ӳˣ
°˹峤ޣߺˣһ޵ɫΪѾоƺԼߣ  ء
ֵ߳һͷɫҵӣ޵ĶŴˣƺҪǰ֮˵һУ  ôȴԼ˵˭
˹壿Ǻǣҵĸǣнˣ
׵Ļ޻һ£ĲǸղԼɭ˵Ļ  ȥĻĸ죡
ǰĸ壿ΪҪֹҵնɱμȶһ񣬿ʵ
ǲ˼ʵҲǷν̻ʵǻˣҸ˿ԳΪѣȴܹ֮Ϊˣ
ײ˵⼸Ѿƿ֮Уɱɱһ  ޿Ҳ֮һˣ
ʲôʱܹʹһˣ˵˭˭ô˵Ļ˵Ҳְɣ
׿޵Ȼ˵翴һ㣡

ЦһʵҲ֪ԼҪԸͷˣ
Ҫֳ󶯾ԾȵΨһ;
ֻҪǱ߸֪ԼΣźܿͻиǰʱ򼴱ԼҲ뿪
ʥ֮  һεʥ֮һȻóһʥ
ʥǰСģǾ
΢΢ЦһȻ֪޵⣬ϧȴ֪ԼֶΣ  նʽ  ֮УһεѹѾ޸ǿѹȣ˾ȻЩʹİ  ¡¡
˿ڿǱߣһֺĽѾΪģƿնȥ  һ룬ԭ޵ޣǴûһ㣡
׵ʵӲ龳ڵаСǰֱǲһ
һԵļ˿ԼҵĳϾȻǱ˵һ֮УҲŵĴҴܣ  ֻӾܹӵ
ӵĹЩ˾ѾǳΪ׵Ľˣ
״ɱķӣɭһſˮ˵ʵʵЩֲ˹
һ˲Ĺ򣬸ղצļˣѾǳ׵ɢ  ǵĺ淢һ๾ȻǱȲбˡ
ǰǰл֮
ǿŴŶҵףҲǵ
һԵɭףҲЩ䱸֮ɫҲ֪νĽ䱸ġ
˼Ҫնɱǣӵ飡




1327Ҫ
 

ǣ
ԸǽţʵȻһԭǾȻǸˣ
ҲǰԼ˰ɣ  ǵģǰǿ¶һ˿Цݵлǰ֮
ÿҲΪǵ죬ԲŸģЦŵ
֪ǰĸˣԺǿ϶Űлģ
ҡҡͷ˵ҲеԵְɣμĸҵͽܰɣ
󣿣Ǹƹ׽ļһ
Щ𾪵ĿףȻҲû뵽⸥Ȼʶ  һȻûдᵽ˸ȻҲʶˡ
ȻμСƹ׽磬ⲻҪμĸ߲Ӵ  Ӧǰɣ׳
ɭǵû뵽ȻôǰѣС˰
ЩЦЩЩġ
ⲻ֪ĸѾǿҪﵽʮʹʵˣҲʹѣ
ǿ׵ǰ֪հ
Խҽܿɭ
Ҳֱһ֣ȥҲǸڻֶѣ
˵ܺüǣȴҲӡ̣
ܿɭǰӦʮʹɣղſĺʥ֮ƺǵһЩͬ
ǿףûһ˵ģҲЩ֣  Ϊ׸ղŵȻʥ֮ƺȴʥ֮Ҫͺܶ࣡  ЦŵҸ֮ʥ֮ȻʮʹûдﵽСϺܹˣ
ɭҲĽ˵ǰû뵽ʥܹ֮
Ҳƨˣ˭˼Ǿأ  ڶ˵׾ǵĻ
һ֮ʱǵΣǽˡ
ҪΪ׵Ļ½ùĲɭǣǱμҲˣ
׿˵Ҹղ˵μƺʲô̻˵ˣ
ܿɭǰǱǿ϶ؿƿġܿɭҪ֪Ļǿ϶֪޲޲ģ
ЦŵʵҲ֪ܹǵնɱ˹ˣ֤˸̻ǲһˡ
Ȼ˵Ļô˵벻˵ʵһˣ  û׼ǻܹνķ̻һЩսҲ˵أ
Ȼǵڻ֪׵ʲôͷɵʮʹһͷСأ  ãμǲǸ˵ˣʵ
ǵͷʵνķ̻ǽ̻һϵôеģǼΪʹһѡ
ǣʹһ壿ô£׿ʵ
ʹһ̻ϵĴڣɰ-˹Ȼǽ̻ʼ֮ˣϵͳݿʥŮʧ٣ʹһȺףҲԸ⿴˹Ͱ˹֡
ǿҲ΢΢һ̾ЩʵΪǣ  ׵ЩֵƺûжĹϵɣ̷̻ʣҲн̻ʲа˵֪ݿʥŮʧѾ˰ɣ
ǰʧˣ˵Ҳ㲻ʧ٣ڽ̲ѾǶݿʥŮԼˣֻ̻ȴʧˣ˵ݿʥŮʧˣ˵ǽ̻ʧˣ
ǿ׳
ʵμļ𣿡
Ҳ࣬Ҳ٣ʵʵһ㣡ڽ̲Ტۣһμְˣҹڽ̲϶ǵģǰղŵӦҲ˰ɣ
ǵɫÿʵҲΪʲôҪߵԭ  ΪԼĸһ׶༪ˣ
ǻлЦŵ
ǰҲ뷴̻˵ӪǾϲʵ
ôǵģһЩµϢҪЩ˹ͨС㣬Ļ֪ɷ·
׿ǣҲһ˿  һԵɭԥһµǰȻǣûκεɻǡϾ¹غܶ
ɭǰǣôС֮ĶȾ֮أǳ
װڰֵ²£ϸһǺ£ǲŵĻȼһμ峤ǿԵİɣңڼ̸Σ
£ôʹһܹԵĻʱȻǿȡʤģ




1328º
 

ĳųǱڣ
μĲҵ֮һû֪
һҲССĳǱ浽סŵ˭  죬ԭĳǱ˶ʮˣЩ˼ƽʱôõ
ǱĿ֮У
żʮµĽ𷢱۵ӣȥôȻ  ⼸Ǹ峤ǰЩǷ̻˵ĳԱ  вμĺ´̼壬ЩΪʲôҪν̻أ  ʵϣһβΪ֪ܣ
ǾЩ嶼ǻٵĵ˹ˣҪȻҲˡ
֪һ˹˰-˹λǾˡ
ɲ⿴ľ棬һ˵Ļʱǿ¾ͻ֮Σ
κγȻȷѪ꣡  һЩ˱κ˶Ҫ˹屾رС˼壡  λˣǾûʲôĿռģ
峤Ǻ´̣ʹһĸߣô죿
˵һ峤˵Ҳʹһĺ´̣  μķ峤ĵλȻǲͬնˣ  ķѾǹΪʮʹҲڽ̲һԱˡ
ܹٵڽ̲ʵǼһ˫գ
ֻϧյʢ˰˹ĵĸ峤λ峤ҲҪμ壡  Ϊа¶ͺռ廹ܶ忴ŵĻμѾ֧Ųôʱˡ
տ̾һô죿ܹô찡ֻͬ飬ֹν̻ʵǻ˰
ҵʵҲȽϵĵ΢ôǲ̫ð˰
ŷյ
һһĪ˹峤Ҳǵͷڽ̲Ѿˣ֮ǰѾкüλڵļ屻ˣҲ᧿Σ
ǰ̬Ѿصһĵز̻ʵǻҲֻʱ䣬ٲóһĻҿ¡
һҲµ˵Ƿɶ˻ˡ
̾һڣȻǷ½̻ʵǻʹһҲкܶ˸ŭԣʱǵǸһӦһӦ
峤˵ʵɲ⣬˹ʵҲӦ֪ģټǱƵڽ̲ҪǼֱûκε𰡣
Ī˹ŷգҲΪĽţ  ճλӦ֪ΪʲôһǾôһĶĻʱǻᱻ˹֮УռȨ𣿡
峤ôţΪĵʵ
峤Ҳǵ⡣Ѿ˿ʼתˣֻ֮ȴ޴
Ī˹Ҳǳ
һԵЩ峤ҲǸ͵ͷͷҲ
ʵҲ֪ͷٻһϣǾһЩĬ֮˻֣
ҲҪţμôˣôţһűڽ̲֪ʱ¡
峤ҪڳأĪ˹ʵ
˹ˣ㲻᲻˽ǵ·ɣλҷһԣ˵ʵΨһİ취ֻͨŬð¶ͺռͷǸֻһˣ
տ˵Ψһת
¶ͺռ岻ͷĻǿ¾ûܹͰ˹忹˰
Ī˹Ȼ֪
¶ͺռƾʲôΪǳͷأɶûУʱ˵˿϶˵Ѳû˽̻ʹһҪһֱȺȥ𣿡
Ǹֻһˣճûг룬Ϳ¶ͺռûжԿ˹ˣϾΪʹһ󳬼֮һҲĿŰ˹һҶ󣿡
ڵİ¶ͺռʦ̻ʼûܹ˿⡣Ī˹΢΢һ̾
ľô׸ĻǷҲһ޳ɲһ
ˣҧҧƺ¶˾ĵ
ãǶ¶ͺռͷˣиɽǣճ
ǰȻǶģиӮɣҲǰ˹Ķ֣ҿں첫һɡ
Ī˹Ҳⷽ׼
ʱһϹܼңŷյ峤ˣСɭˣһһİ˹ָյҪ
İˣڽ̲˰ɣŷŭһ
ҷվԲңǰᣬڲᣬԺҲᣡ
ߣȻ˵ĻǾ˽ɣڽ̲˷ǣ˽һ
Ī˹Թۣ³˽䱸֮ɫ
һԵ˿ŷգһ˿˿ķ
һΣϹܼҵ˵ʵ̽ûУ
Ǹͨˣ
Ϲܼҳ
һֻЩ벻ͨյŮһͨ˻ɶ˼

üͷΪɭԼŮǾȻˣ




1329¹ͬĵ
 

յɫÿԼΨһŮȻôˣһӾͳ˹ȵף
ڷ˵Լ֪һθ˹ĶԿվǾһ  ˶˽ĵģԼŮʵϾδμ帴˵ϣ
츳ڣ͵õʹļ  ʹһ壬Ҳʢ֮µ  ֻҪԼŮţһμ廹ǻģ
ԼһܹҴĻôҲԼŮһνӻ
ֻϧԼŮȻʲԸҲǷǳִ֣  ֮ǰ˵ҪͬڷյȰο֮뿪ߣû뵽Ȼһε۷˻
ԼŮӰյһ˸оЩλƵģ
״ˡ
һԼĸ׷գҲǰ
æڰֵǣ㡭ô
״ˣμΪĵϵˣʱˣμ廹ܹŽһ𣿡
ǲǲϧԼ˵ʵܹ˭ֺúȥأ
ּ֮ʣʼվԼ뿪һ£  һ𣡣
Ī˹˴ͷֻǴ˵ĻУǸоΣѾǽˡ
˵ˣҲǿǰǸŶ֮ƺһͨˣ  峤Сľû˵ŷչһЦ
Ī˹ҲǵͷǰСĵ
и̲ѣһﻹվ˵۰
ǵĵϵӺŮѾ뿪ˣԼŮȴվߣڼԼѲҪԼŮڴˣ  ճǣ͸˵ˣμ뱣һЩ֡Ѳ㻹ҵһƬ𣿡
״ˣͼ˶ˣһʲôȥأǳʵ
˰ˣȻˣȴһ԰ɣյѾǿס
׿ŷЦŵ峤
˭Ϊʲôߣ㵽ʲôĿģ
յֱףֻǸźɫĶң˵׳ʲôӣ  峤˹ҿĨһ˿ɱ
ʵϣΣأһþпЩȫû  ǱҪ֧ŵ̻ʵǻһ̣ڽ̻ʵǻ֮ǰڽ̲˵˹˷ֵĻ룡  ԣǲܹκε⣡
׵ĵǿһ⣬һǴĵоЩ⣡
ǿŷ̵״ˣ㡭Ǳ嶯ܿɭǰǾҺɭĶˣ
ˣ
˽һĲ죬ȻôҲ벻׾Ȼܹǣ
Ҫ֪ǿ˾һ㲻ϵͨ˰  ǣ⡭⵽ô£յɫЩ͵ʵ
ǵ֮ǰȥʥǴǱߡ
ǾͿʼʼĩǵ˵Լ˹ĳ޷ֵʱ˵鶼Ǳֱ䣡
տ׳ܿɭ㡭㾹Ȼնɱ-˹
ôţ׿ŷ΢΢һЦ
ţţ
һԼĭް˹ʶģǿһλ׼ʮʹ
ܹһغϾɱޣ˾ʮʹǿߣ  ԼʮʹȻ͸˵ʵֻܹ˵һ⣡  һ֣
һǺλ̸ġɱ-˹ŸλӦû˰ɣ
Ȼźɫɴƺоһӵѹ
Ī˹ĺЩɬ˵⡭ô˵ܿɭǰҲʮʹˣ
ô⣡
˵һģɵĻɲʲôʮʹʵ׼Ҳ࣡
˵ĺзһ๾
˵һ󣬵ʱȻǶһʤ㲻ǣ  ÿһλʮʹʹһĹ屦ǾԲᱻģֻߵʮʹĿǰΪֹҲķһ˶ѣ  ֪ܿɭһΪ£ȶһȻʵ
׳һȻ̸ˣǷԽ̻ʵǻȴֵ֧ˣȻ˵ĻǾ˹ͬĵ˲𣿡
ǰ㡭˵ʲôֵ֧ˣ
Ƿһ±ƣһԵ˶һͷˮĿף  ʹһĹأֻ̻ʼʸ̳н̻֮λ̻ʼܹͰ࿹ļûУ
׵ͷȻ֪λûݿʥŮ




1330¼Ϣ
 

ݿʥŮ
ЩĿף֪ΪʲôʱҪἰݿʥŮ  ݿʥŮôܹ֪أ
ڳ˶֪ݿʥŮ飡
ʵϣӵĵ䷶ˣ֮ǰһֱûж˼Ȣӣ
֮ȴԼһöûУ
Ϊμļ̳УҲһŮǡ
յСʱʵҲǼݿʥŮģЩΨһһݿʥŮˣҲˡ
һԵĲĪ˹ף˿ѾǷǳˣ
һɱ޵ǰЩܹأ
Ī˹ЦŵܿɭǰݿʥŮǵɪ̻յļ̳ˣǵڽ̲䣬ɱݿʥŮĻҲڵ̻Ҳɣ
ǰݿʥŮʹһĸߣһҲǳ
յͷݿʥŮ꼫ֹսʴȵĻ
Ҫ֪ݿʥŮλĻҲŪʲô̻ˡ
Ϊ˹Ĳ̣뷨  ΪǲҲ  Ȼ˵Ļôôѡ񲻷أ
׿Ⱥ鼤ӣҲ΢΢һЦֵ֧˾ݿʥŮ
ʲôôأ
ǰݿʥŮǰͱڽ̲Լˣ
ܿɭǰĪڿЦݿʥŮѾ˰
ǰܿЦһȥʥŮ֧ܹôأ
˿ףǶһΣԭǻΪǰܹǴʲôϲأ
û뵽˼ҾȻֵ֧ѾȥݿʥŮⲻǳô
ҪݿʥŮŵĻȻҲҪֵ֧İھûһܹͰ˶Ÿɣ
׿˵ӵݿʥŮûţһεĽ̻ʵǻ䣬Ҳ֣
ʲô
˼Ǿ°һ㣬ݿʥŮţ
ֱ췽ҹ̷ô˿÷¡Ĳ峤նɱݿʥŮ˿̵ݿʥŮôܴأ  յ˸оǰܿɭ˷ˣ˵ź
Ǻǣ֪ǾòܣҼݿʥŮʱҲЩˣ
׿ʼǱߺĿľȡ˵֧֣
Ҫ֪ǿ˽̻֮λûֵ֧ĻǵʱݿʥŮλûǲ
ҪһڻĻôһˣ  ЩʱҲϲģҴڵЩӦò  ʵʲô̻֮λᣬʹһӪȨһѣ
ǰλ˵ʵʱҲпνİ˹Ŀܣ  ܿɭǰĲǿЦ
һĻƺҲĿʼ˵Ļ  Щ˵ˣͲò˿ʼˣ
ЦһλӦ֪÷¡ɣ
÷¡壿ǵ˵һЩƺ̫ճ
÷¡Ѫϴ飬ʹһΪ
Ҫ֪÷¡Ƿǳǿһ壬ȴѪϴƺ÷¡û˵˭Ѫϴǣ  ׵ͷ÷¡屻¾ʱҾڳ
ǰȻˣյɴ۾ʵ
ֻĿ̶ѣ÷¡ֱնɱ֮Ǳ뵽÷¡ĵ֮УȻķݿʥŮ÷¡棡
һԼȥ÷¡壬Ҳ˵  ҲΪ˷ֹ÷¡˵࣬׫һԹ߳ѣ
еͦǿģյ˺ܿı׵Ļ  ǰ˼ۼݿʥŮյ۹֮дһ˿֮ɫ  ݿʥŮŵĻôǵϣǿɾǴ  һη̻ı׶ʲôǹⷴ԰ˣûκοֵ֧
һݿʥŮŵĻͻõԵת䰡  ΢΢һЦǵȻһݿʥŮ˲ݿʥŮӦѾǱ뵽ʹһ˰ɣ
ʵϣ׵ҲûзݿɵټӦҲԼ
յɫ׵ܿɭǡܹһݿʥŮ𣿡
ڻУ죬ȻˣЦŵ
ǰݿʥŮȻţѾʧ꣬ʹһеĵλҲǲϵ½ҿµʱڽ̲ǰһ￴˵Ļ
Ī˹˿ףҲ˵Լĵǣ
ݿʥŮţ˼Ϣ
һǵĽ̻ʵǻ֮ϵĻԤǣʱ϶һȷѪ갡  ڽ̲ǰˣɱ֮ģ  ƺһε˵ͷ֮ϣոϣƺһһ㣡




1331޳ܵ׼̻
 

֮
׸ŷյ˺ƺƵĽʹһǣ  ʵ죬յ˶Щûʧ
Ѿ֪ݿʥŮţһƺ֮ǰӵˣ  ǾǱݿʥŮŰ¶ͺһ˹Ÿɣ
ʱܹγľĻҲͶ˰¶ͺռ壬ȫԼ  ǰ˹˰¶ͺռ壬ʵһսʱʹһ¶սˣ  ֻҪƻ˽̻ʵĵǻ䣬ʵڷյ˿ǳɹˣ  ϣǱûϣĺã
Ƿյ˵뷨ԱߵǴ˿ҲһĽ֮ɫ  Ϊ֪һŪõĻ˿¶ҷˣ
ӿʹǣ˿̿ȥһƬ͵գܶ˲֪Ҫʲô飡
˹壡  Ϊ̻ʴеİ˹һֱͳʹһ壬ʵǵʵҲǷǳǿ
ֻɪ̻ͻȻʧ٣̻֮λûĴȥ  ɪֱ̻ӽλôݿʥŮĻڽ̲Ƕûл̵ᷭģ
Ϊ̻ʵȨϵĴڣڽ̲Ҳûʸ񴦾̻ʣ
ֻϧݿʥŮֻһͿԵǻ̻ʣȴΪؼһͣˣ
ɪʧٺףݿԼûó׼
ˣʲô
һݿɳΪƵŮӿŰˣҲǴڻֲ֮̿У  ݿվߵĻһܹϳ˱Լãޱ  ޱݿͬĸ׽ã˴Сϵͷǳĺã
ڰ˹壬鼸ǺѼģ
еֻǶȨһֿ  ޱӦ֪Ŀģڽ죬ҪϽ̻֮λǴתġ
˿ŰޱҰһ޷εģ
ޣ㲻ǰ˹ϵѣʲôʸϽ̻֮λڲǰ˹һ߹ѣ
ޱŰŭһʵҲǼȵ  ҪԼĽ̻֮λϾǽ̻֮Ů˵Լ׽ݿʥŮˣϽ̻֮λҲӦɰޱ̳У
ڽ̲Щôðޱ̳н̻֮λأ  ԭһֱҪȴŰޱ֮ð̳С
ϾǵŪݿʥŮһޱλʱǾͲ̫ˣ  ǰޱҲ츳֮ˣʵѾǴﵽʮʹֱв˰˵λã  ˿ŰޱޱЩǰ˹Ϊ˱ȫ֪˶ټӵܣ㲻𣿡
ߣҽڽ̲У㹴ڽ̲֮ˣͲ𣿡
ʵޱĲ°ˣ˵ʵĿǰӦҲǲಮ٣
ֻ˫ȭѵ֣ޱҲ֪ԼҪ˹ȥĻʱǸ˾Բǰˣ
ͳԱ߼ʮʹĻͿԼüˣ
ޱ˵һǧһ򣬿ҰҲСҰҲǽ̻ʼ֮ˣΪʲôͲܹ̳н̻֮λѲ㵱̻ʾǺģ
ЩŭĿŰޱ
ߣҿûô޳ܣн̻Ȼ㣡㾹Ȼ޳ܵĸ˹˺ҾҲҪά˹ٹ⣡
һ˲䣬ޱѾǱһ㣡
ʵԭ׼һεĽ̻ʵǻֹ˵ǻġ
ڿƺӦ˵Ҫ󣬸˵ǻֳ
ôҪ֣ߣҿɸ㰬ޱӦҲôӦӦҲôӦ
Ľ̻ΣԲκƻ
Ϊݷô꣬ǽߣʵҪðޱ֧̻ʵǻ䣡
ҲֻаޱĽɫ͵λ֣ܹķڣ  ȨĸܶܶıޱȻǿܶ˵ǣ  ҾҲܸһεĵǻģޱЦ
̾һޱԭҶһˣҲҪˡ첻ӦĻҺźĸ㣡ļ˽ͳͳ̫
㡭޳ܣ
ޱŰˣȵĻ棬һƺЩˣ
ڰޱ˵ʲô̻ʲ̻ʵʵν  Ƕ˵Ψһֻû뵽Ϊ˳ɾԼĽ̻֮λȻԼļвԼ
˿ŰޱЦһκ˶ҪֹҵϽ̻֮λκ˶УޱͬΪ˹壬һ֧ҵǰɣ




1332峤ĽϾ
 

ʹһǣ
ԶȥһƻֺĽȻһשһƺȻɣ˿ŶоһҪĤݵĸо  ǣʹһѾ꣬ѾΪʹһеʥأ
Ĺ㳡֮ϣ˿ӳ֮£ԵøĽ̻Իͣ  ڸ̨֮ϵĽɫΣ˸ȨĹâ
̻֮λȱĽ̻֮λЩصļˣ  㳡ĸ̨֮ϣ
վżʮµӣȥƺԵΪĵȻ
Ȱ峤һɾǽ̻ʵĵǻ䣬֪̻
˵˲Ǳˣʹһ󳬼ż֮һİ¶ͺռ峤׵٣
׵-¶ͺգ  ʮʹʵΪǿᣬ˵ʹһǰλĳ֣
վŵǷȰ-˹Ȱ¸׵˼ΪƣʵҲ޼
ҲƹʹһһҺŰ˹峤  ׵峤̻һҲʹһѲһûн̻𣿡Ȱ¿ſ׵Щм˵
׵΢΢һЦȻǣֻݿʥŮ÷¡У÷¡峤÷¡ȴվԱߣҪʥŮԼ̵Ҳǰ˹ɣ
ʲôݿʥŮ谭ʹһ嶫֮·Ѳɲɱ˵÷¡֮壬峤Ѷѣǰ˹š
Ȱ¿ſ׵ЦһԵĲҲɫЩѿ
ʵ֮еǲѣݿŮˣоԼҪˣ
ڽ̲ԼݿɴԼ̣ƫƫ˼
ҪݿͻȻ֣ʱӦôͣ
ſ׵ټһ˿Цݵ׵峤̻֮λѶҵڵҪǷֹⷢѾڽ̲֮ϼӷˡ
ϣ첻Ҫʲô۶ӰɣҪȻȰ峤ǲճ
׵ЦЦĿ˿Ȱ£ʵͲÿһεĽ̻ʵǻʲôźأ
¶ͺռ˹ȣѾûκεƣ
һ̨ʱֻԽԽԸ⿴飡
ڰ˹Ѿ𽥵Ŀסڽ̲ǲļˣð¶ͺռڽ̲׵ʧȥ˻Ȩ
÷¡ڽ̲Ȩλִ֮һ  ¶ͺռҲͿ׵ٽλִ֮У˹ķȰҲУ  һǽ̻ʼİˣҲڽ̲ĳ֮һ  ʵԭİһֱǴһ˹£˲֮Ϊ£ˣǾȻϧѰλ
һ˫ӮĽ˹Ҫõľǰ˿ȱλ֮һλã  ǾͿԳ׵Ŀסڽ̲ͬʱ˳ΪһεĽ̻ʣҲǹˣ  ׵ô֪ܲǵ뷨Ϊ  ĸ˹忪սڰ˹屾ǿһ  ʲôʸ˹忪սأ
һսܣ¶ͺռӴľһǧˣⲻǿ׵峤Ը⿴ľ棡  ϣܹʲôѾ˵˽˷̻ˣ  Ȱ¿ſ׵׵ٳģ֮ǰһСͼıƻ̻ʴ˵ǻ䣬Ѿҵѹˣ
Ȱ³ϣҿ˵ǼǺĨɱ˰ɣ׵΢΢һЦ
Ȱɫһ㶣޵ʧٺףڶ֪޵ȥʲôط  ߣޱɳȥִˣѲҲҪ׵ٳϻ㱨ɣȰЦһ
˹ĿģȰҪΪʹһףð˹ȡ˹壬ôͱҪиĳľģ  λǵһĿڽ̲ʱȻˣ  ׵ЦһȰ³ϣҾ֪һ㣬ûн̻Բ˳
ô˵׵ٳҪڽˣ֪ƻ̻ʵǻǿ
Ȱµɫ˲
ֻҪ˽죬Ȱ¾ͻֿʼʰ¶ͺռ壬Ҫס  ׵ԭȻɫ˲ǱѩڻһӷȰ峤ǳĽŰǺ찢˲ǰɣôŸʲô
㡭
ȰµɫӵѿһﾹȻҵϷԼҲ̫һ㰡  ʹһ峤֮ĽϾƺҲΪ֮ĳ׷˷ʡ
峤ˣ̻ʴ˺Ͱޱ峤ˣ
ʱѾǵϥسŷȰµķͳ˵
ޱȻˣ鰡ȰµҲ¶һ˿ЦݣĿһۿ׵٣
׵ٿŰޱĵҲһ㶣ԭΪһΰޱпܻҸͶ𣡣  û뵽ޱŮ˾Ȼ˰˵ĺˣƺϻһ˿Цݣ
ôܣޱ
׵ٵǧֻڶһϣôˣ
Ϊ֮ǰȫ׼ޱıĳĻôȻվڰޱһߣû뵽һڽ̲ȥİޱȻЭˣ  ŷȰȥıӰ׵ٵдɻ󣡣




1333´Ļ
 

ʹһǣ
ˣʹһʽĿˣ  ʵϣЩ߲֮⣬ܶСʹһ嶼ǻϲص׼ӭӽ̻ʴ˵Ľ٣
ˣûн̻ʴ˵ָʹһΣķ  ӭĽ̻ʴˣ˿Ⱒ˻ͳϵ
Ͼڰ˹壬ֻҪˣھʹһ֮˵УǾʸΪ̻ʵģ  ĵ·ϣʮλʥʿſͨ㳡ĵ·ϣȥɷǷ
ˣ˿վʥʿĵһ֮ϣӿȺϵĻԼ˫֡
̻ʵǻǿʹһĴ£˵Ĵ¡
Ϊͣ붫ĴǰҲˡ
Ͼһǰ˹ģһʲô۶ӵĻǳҲǺѿˡ
ޱվڰ˵ԣϴЦݣ˸ŵȴ޵ɱ⡣
ֻϧܹʱ֣һ֣ļͳͳҪɥ
ǿǼٺŵޱ֪ԼԼİ˹壬һ׵ĵͷˡ
Ȼ裬ȴòΪԼļ˿ǣ
ȰºͲ˳Ÿ̨ߣھ׼ӭӰ˵ĵ  ׵ٵ͸һӵĲ֮ɫΪ˰ޱ飬֪ޱǱˣǱˣ
״ˡ
ԭ׵ٲûдȻ츳׿̫ϲӣ  Ϊ׵پԼʵ̫СһЩκ鶼ûе  أôܹˣ׵ٿԼĶӳ
һ԰¶ͺռϯ̳˿׵ٵĴӿͼ߳ŵܣ״˲ǲôܹˣ
ؿſ׵ٺͿͼЦŵ״ˣ磬ڼ£첻ǽ̻ʵǻĴҲ
أҲҹͼ΢΢һЦ
磬ʲôҹİ˵ˣⰢ˽̻ʺͰ˹ⲻǰ¶ͺռڲ𣿡
س
˶˵ķ𣿡׵ŭһһˣǰ¶ͺռ塭
״ˣֺαغأôһ̬ĺܿ׵
ͼ߿ſص˵ŵܣ˰ȻҸ״ô˵
ˣСΪԼеСѣǲʲô̫Ƿǳ㿴žͺˣǸҼסˣһ᲻ܷʲô飬ǿɲҪ
׵ٵЩʼոоʲôҪһ㣡  Ҳ֪ⲻĵһζѣʵνĲǺû鷢
һߣȰµѾվ˰˵ǰ
ӭ̻ʴˡ
Ȱ´һ˵ȹȻҲ⣬֪ʱϷҪˣ
̻ʵǻ仹аСʱʱ䣬ȻҪȫ׼  ˵ĿŷȰ£˿ƺһ˿Ӳĸо  ̻֮λ
˺ܾòŵõλãȻ֪벻ȰºͰ˹֧֡
ǽ죬Ǿʹһʹһµ䣡  ̬Ҳã̫ҲգһԼҪʲôˡ
ɣˣȰ³ϣ
˵Ӳ̲ȴоƽһֹ棡
Щʱְλ˴һڲͬĸо
Ȱµ΢΢һУվ̻ʴˣǻ伴ڰСʱ֮Уڽ̲Ѿرκⶼڿ֮У
ܺãлȰ³ϺͲϣ˰һεĵǻѾҵðޱ֡
˿ŷȰ£Ҳ¶һ˿ʤЦݵ
û뵽ޱСܹǰ֣ޱСɪ̻ʵŮĻܹŷ
Ȱ¿Űˣһﵽô˵öޱֵġ
Ҫ֪֮ǰҲģǰһֱ˵ޱ
ҲҶ԰ޱ֣ϾһֵĻʹһĻġ
ޱŷȰ³ҪϲȰ³ƿڽ̲޵ʹһˣ
ޱСˣһжڽ̻ʴ˵ָ֮¡ǰ˹ԶЧҽ̻ʱ£
ȰЩķǵ˵˵ֻһ뷨Ǿȡ֮
ˣֻϣܹ˵㻰ҰޱҲ̻֮λİȵģ
ޱŰˣ͸һӵâ
˿˿ʱޱֻҪˣȻģȰ³ϣҿǲǿ׼ʼˣ
֡
Ȱ³֮һ㳡ѾʼˣЩûλ֮ˣҲվ˸˵ĺ档
ʱһһţ̻ʵǻһѾǽ˵ʱĽ׶Σ




1334µǻ䣬ʼ
 

վ˷յ˵ĺ棬ľĿŰ˵ˣ
Щʵǿᣬֲܹתʹһ壡
ǰ˺ǸȰµļһʵǴﵽ龳ڵĲΣ  ʹһ壬׿˿ʮʹаʮˣ
ֲ֮ǰսʱ׻ڽڰˣʵǶ̫ǿһЩ
Զ׷ݿɻ켣Ⱥ֮Уƺδ˲  Щ´һñܼסòⷴ˲ײ
˵ˣݿʥŮ˵Ѿȥˣ  峤ٹһǽ̻ʵǻˣҶѾǡ
ŷգԿóǳĽš
ճʱ𶯣һǰɣʱǻûг֣һӦҲ١
ȡ壬ɱʣ
׶ԷҲЩĿ࿴ʵû뵽һﾹȻ˵ԡ
ǿԼĸףۿһ״ˣҪҪȻȥɣμ峤μľ䣬һиʲôʧĻ
ǣѾˣʲôʧĻʱҪμص֪
̾һ˵ĳ棬Ҳûκεĵ  ׿ŷ΢΢һЦ峤ҲҪڵģȻᱣȫ
ǰ֪ʵǿᣬӦҲˣʹһĸѾǾۼߡ
տףҲ֪׵뷨֪һ֣ӾͱˣûκεĻ֮
İɣʱݿʥŮҲܿװģʼ
ݿʥŮѾ𣿡տ׼ʵ
ˣһͿˣ׵վһ۵ġ
յ˲δ֣׵󣬴˿ֶ˼ˣǵװ׺ƣ
յ˴˿̽ŵĿ㳡׿ԸܵǳƵĺ֮
㳡ĸ̨֮ϣ
ޱŽ׵˸̨룬˿̵İ滺ĵȴţ  ֻҪޱǻ俪ʼٹĽ̻ʱ
˿Ѿûκελ̫ҹҹھҪʵˣܲ
˵ĿⶼڰޱϣһƬɽХ֮
Ҵ˹ֽĽ̻ʵǻ䣬ʹһͼ꣬죬ӭɪ̻֮һλ̻ʣʹһ塭
ޱ𵤴쳣ʼĽʹһĹ¡
ЩǱҪĳȻʱ䣬ȴûоʱŵĺһԵİЩ겻
ʮ֮󣬰ޱŷȰ³ڽ̲Ȱ³ϳʹһȨĲþȨȣ
˵һըˣ  þȨȣǽ̻ȥأ˵ûн̻ͲܹΪ̻𣿡
Ⱓ˹Ҳ̫Ϸ˰ɣԼµĹذԼµĹض𣿡
ǰþȨȻҪʹһĻǽ̻
Ѳɵ̻ʧôûûҵĻʹһҲҪİ
µ۷׷ףû뵽һƷȻǽ̻ǲþȨȣ
þȨȲǱƷ̻ıƷ
ȻЩ⣬ɸǸо˼飬ϾһεĽ̻ʵǻʵԼԵݵģ  ྲ
ޱ쳣ȻҲϣʧأԼļ˿ɶЩ˵аû  ȰµУþȨѾǽ˰˵У˴˿̵ɫΪѿ  Ȱ¿˳λʹһǣҷȰ=˹ڽ̲λһ飡
Ȱ³ϣûн̻ƺûʸǻɣ
ʱ򣬷մȺ˳ŷȰдһ˿ļᶨ  գҪ췴𣿡
Ȱû뵽һվ̨˾ȻǷգһɱ֮ѾǰŷȰ£  Դǵ˵ֻڳһʵѣ
ʵȻҪ֪ʵҾʹڽ̲һʵ̻ʧ꣬ʹһһֱȺףڽ̲֮žƾһλ²ż汸½̻ѡʹһ۷磡
Ȱ¿ŷգܹɱ˵Ļ·Ѿˣ  ճ˵λˣμ峤-Σ̻ʵǻ£һν̻¹أûн̻ǲǻģ
ߣգѲûн̻ʹһûн̻̻ɪ̻ʴ߷ϽĻʹһӴԺҪȺˣ
ŷЦһղɨһȦδݿɵټ˿Ҳǽķ
֪ݿɴ׸Ļһ˲עĻĺѲ
ʹһôˣ˭йһ̽أ
ҲֻܹǴµĹһ飬Բû̽Ҳġ
л˵
ڲ˵껰֮󣬰¶ͺռǱߣ߳һˣ




1335ǸС
 

ʹһǣĿ
ֻȻڵۣû뵽˸ʱվֹ˵ǻ  Ȼ˶ǵȴŽ̻հ˹ڽ̲ƹ˽̻ֱ׼ǻ
һ˽죬ʽΪ̻ʣʱҪ⵹Ҳһ׵ˣ
ԭΪԼҪ¾սˣҪĴʱɱԼĻԼмֵġ
֤鲻ǣѾ˳׼
ֻôҲû뵽ʱ¶ͺռǱߣȻվˣ  أŹ㳡˹ȥ
׵ٺͿͼ߶Ǿ㵵ĿſأǶ㲻һ«浽ʲôҩ  ״ˣ˲ɣҪҪֹ³çļһͼ߳ʵ
һﾹȻô˵߳ȥˣҵĶ𣿡
׵һֱΪԼӾϲ׽磬Ǹͷڹһ㣡  ʲô飬Įģ˵оų
ö֮ڰ¶ͺռҲΪĵСȻԼʼղϣ
һԼСӾȻô߳ȥˣ
׵ٿſͼߵСӣĹְ
״ˣǡͼ߿ſ׵ٳʵ
ҽ쵹ҪһﵽҪ˵Щʲô׵ٵдһ˿룬һԵĿͼ߼æһҪϹ˵
ߣ˼أ׵ٿſͼ߳ʵ
״ˣΪڰ˺Ͱ˹ʵǿᣬӦҪݱܷâŵ˵ʲôʱ¾޷ճ˰
ͼ߼ˣһ£ʱ¾ǰ˹ǰ¶ͺռ忪ս
׵Цһͼߣ̫ʧˣһС
⡭⻹ǸС𣿡
ͼɫһ죬ſ׵Щ㵣Ϊ֪Լĸ׵Щʲô
˳ߵ˷յԱͣ
Ȱ¿ſأ͸һӵĲмһԵİҲΪĿſأ  Сǿ׵-¶ͺյĵھŸӣҲʹһ߲֮кպĵС  ʲô  ѲҪΪԼļ忪ʼԼˣ
ڰ˿¶ͺռǲҸԼͰ˹˹ȥġ
ǲˣԭ׼÷ȰԼ˷գڿҪǶˣ  ˴˿ſ׵ٵķ˹ȥ¶һ˿˿
׵ٷ˷ۣԼ֪ԼӸʲôһôмԼʲô  ˵ʵЩ˸о}ĻŰ  أʲô˵ǿˣſҲͶһĿ⣡  лл˳ϡ
صͦģֻⰢ˳ϼ˶סˡ
㡭
˿ſؾȻԼ˳ϣǿԼڽְ̲񰡣
˵նɱգȰºͰ˻ܹǿĻ
ôҪڰѸնɱǼǲܵˡ
أǿǿ׵ٵ׶Ӱ  Ҫնɱһ׵پΪҲƴģ  λʹһǣǰ¶ͺռĿأҲ壬Ҹ˵䣡سĺ
һԵķճſ΢΢һЦүʲô˵
ޱ£ɪ̻ʵŮҲʹһĽ֪Ϊʲôûн̻£һ̻ʵǻ䣿
ص᳤磬һԾľͿʼˣ  ޱ˿̾һνһ޾ʹһûн̻ʣм䷢˶ٵۣ˶ٵң˶ٵˣ
عһЦҵҪʰޱ£ɪ̻նʥŮ֮λǽ̻ݿʥŮ£ΪʲôµûἰݿʥŮأ
ʲôݿʥŮһ￪ʲôЦ
ǰ¶ͺռǼһǲǻ㶺˰겻ڽ̲ݿʥŮ´Լ̵𣿡
ǻᷴҧһڰ괦ݿʥŮµʱһԣʥŮµƣʲô
ǿˣھȨֻǸͶѣʲôȨǱ߸Եģ
һ˶΢΢ҡͷһصĻܶ˶ǳķŭ  ʵɽݿʥŮںܶ˵Ƿǳΰģ
أӦ֪ݿʥŮѾǱڽ̲
һ˵ߣޱһЩƲסĲԼĽ㻹ڣҲ氡  Цһ˭˵ʥŮأ˭ˣҾҪߴһܣ
سŭȰ´˿̵ʥ֮ƺʱܹѹһ㣡  ſأҲʿˮ
ĶͷϾȻϸֱðһʮʹȻˣ




1336¿صľ
 

ʹһǣ
˴˿̵ɫҪѿжѿղ˸۸˿׵٣ֹС˵ȥ  û뵽СӾȻǹ̨ģ  һŭڰ˵֮бڶ޲ֱɱǰСӲźã  ֻ֪ʱֻססס  ׵ٿԼĶӣȻʱ˵һƺʲôܣ
ҲüϾûиԼ  ڿ˺ͷȰµӣҲһĳ죡
С˵Щˮƽģ˵ֻǴˣǴ¶ͺռ壡  ⲻԼļɹ˿  ׵ٴ˿֮ҲǶԼӵıְ̾һ
أͻС±Լ̣Ȱ¿ſ
Ȱ峤Ȼûн̻ΪʹһһӣȻȨǵɡҽʹһĴӣвŰ˳п϶Ҳǲ˵ģ
ؿŷȰ£ʵҲǺµĺܣ  ûа취Сλ˵УҪǲԼ˵ĻʱԼ϶Ǹ
˵Ļ᲻ǣ  ʵҲýԼվһۣǳˬ  ЩʹһŮӿԼ翴Ӣۿһ㣬ܲ
׵ٳϣӦùܹ˰ɣʲôӣӦ÷ǳѲǰ¶ͺռҪ԰˽̻𣿡
Ȱûа취ôչȥ̻ʵǻ仹֪Ҫٵ۶ӳء
׵ٿŷȰʼȻҰ¶ͺռˣڽǴˣҰ¶ͺռ壡ҿҲȨ氡Ȱ³ϡ
úúã׵ٳϣõúܣȰıӶЩˣŭһš
ʲôؿŷȰǱŰҲһ  ҰƻĵļһȥϼӿܣȰ¶רе˵
һʹһǣʲôʱ̻ʵǻôҪ飬ڽ̲˵ˣز˵˼ʵڻҪץԺǲ˵ˣ

ȰһȭֱӳŷյŴɱ֪ʱѪֶѹĲˣ  ʱˣǷС㣬ǿԳԵģ
ɽ𻢣
ڷȰҪ飬Ҫ÷յʬ壬ЩҪ˱죡  䣡
ȻҲǳصģŷȰȭӣҲӭͷֱӶŷȰµķ˹ȥ  ͣ  һѪӷյһغϣվͳһ
ס֣
׵ٿŷȰ¾Ȼʱ֣ҲΪʱЩˣ
Ŀ׵֪ʱģ¶ͺռĻʱǾͻᱻ˹Ͱ̻ʸŪҲʣˡ
׵٣ʲôͼڮν̻ʣĿΪڽִ̲ߣѲɲάν̻ʵȨҪȥ𣿡
Ȱ¿ſ׵٣˱ŭ  ׵ٿŷȰµȰ³ϣ˭˵Ҳάν̻ʵȨˣֻһ˻ûʽǻڶǰ˵ǻˣҲʹһ񳼷Ѫѹղ˵һܡ
ǰȰ³ϣҿÿ˵ɣ
ʱһλߴӺ˳ȥҲʮ㣡
ɶϣ
Ȱ¿ɶϣҲ΢΢ͷɶǵɪ̻ʵĻڽִ̲ϣ  Ҳλִ֮һֻɶһֱǲ
Ȼ˿ᵽݿʥŮҲǻһ
Ҫ֪ƴҲûбסݿʥŮݿʥŮ⼸֣ҲҪ֪صʲôܣ  أղŲ˵ʲô˵ɡ׵ٵ˵
ؿԼĸ׵״ˣԭ¶֮ǰĲ̹ϣֻ¹ش󣡣ΪݿʥŮû
ش˻һһƬ䶯
׿ԶĿأҲ¶һ˿˿Ц⣬ЧǴﵽˣ  ֻû뵽¶ͺռ徹ȻҲаæӦǺͰ˹Ǹ˲Ը
ûпôƿʼ츲صı仯ˣ
ʲôݿʥŮûⲻܣԲܣ
ЩʧǵĿſأϢڰ˵һشһ㣡
˵ʲôݿʥŮûɶһץס˿سʵ
سݿʥŮ÷¡ܲ˳ĻݿʥŮ桭




1337ݿ
 

ݿʥŮ棿⡭ôܣ
Ȱ·һѰˣһԵɶ׵˵˶ǷѰţ  ɫҰףʿˮſص㡭㲻ҪϹ˵ݿʥŮܱնɱôܸأ

Ȱ¿Ųŭһ㣡  ˽ݿʥŮĻôɱһˡ
Ȼ֪ǲôˣҲġ
ŷȰµȰ³ϣңնɱݿʥŮģ֪ģǰ¶ͺռ壬ң
ʥŮ¼ݵ
洫˳ΪݿʥŮĻ˿̵һɤӣΧȫóһ·  ݿɴ˿鼤û뵽Լʧô꣬ȻôάԼ
Ȼ֪Ϊ׵ԭ򣬿Ƿյأ
ǼǵԼģҸղ棬ܶ˵֮жԼ쳣أ  ݿɾãԼһλǳɹǲɹֵˣ
һӰĴǵ·Ÿ̨֮ȥ  ݿԼñܵʱһЩڽ̲ѾǾˣ  ǾգǵȻ΢Ц
ǸҪֹսݿʥŮ˿һεվǵǰ  ľ  һ̶ѾǴסˣԭֵĹ㳡һӱð  Ǵ˵еݿʥŮðƻɣ
˭֪˵ݿʥŮΪֹͿ̿Լֹս
ǰݿʥŮĵɪ̻յĽӰˣ
ߣҪڽ̲ǰһǵĽ̻ݿʥŮ
ݿʥŮĻˣҲٰǸԲ˳İҪǿĶɣ
ºܶʵ΢˿ʼݿˣΪҪǺƽҪǰ
Ͼʵ΢һʲô飬ʱǾڻһ
ݿʥŮֲԸ⿪ս䣬ܹȵ˭ԸȥΪЩȨ֮أ
ݿߵ˰ޱԱߣŰޱ¶һ˿Цݵãܿˣ
㣬ûޱݿɣǰӵԼĽ㣡  ǰΪԼĽѾˣ˺Ҳһӣ
񿴵ԼĽ㾹Ȼţּ֮ôܹأ  ɶϣһݿʥŮ¹ӭ£
ɶϣþòݿɿɶҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
ʵϣͰޱɶųģȻǱһζ  ֻϧڲɵʱ滹һ̯Ҫء
£ͺûͺðɶЩݺĿݿʧ
ߣݿɣˣȻطʹһ壿ӹ˲ļ̣֪ûôã
Ȱ¿ݿɵĳ֣ҲһĻң
һ֮ܿȶ񣬿ݿɵĳ֣
ݿɿŷȰЦһȰ£ʲôʸҵУ°ս֤һľǼˣʹһǵõʲô
ߣѾˣȰ
ҵˣǲǲһϷѡҪĻǲ׻磬޿ˡ
ݿöԸ˵ԴǣҪ֮ռˣǾǲܵ飡  һݿʥŮˣһĲ  ͨһ¹´μ峤չӭʥŮ£
̲Ī˹ӭʥŮ¡
ӭʥŮ¡
¶ͺռϵعӭʥŮ¡

һ˲䣬Ȼ߰ʮ¹򣬹ӭݿɵĵһϵ¹ţ
˿ݿɳã㵱ûǾ붫սȥˣҪһٶǰͿԻˣΪʲôһֱϵ죿ղ˵ģ֪ʹһ˶𣿡
һԵĲҲ˵ôǵģ
㻹ǼͰҪҪõ̻͵һİһ𣿡
ݿɿŲЦһ˽ɫһ䣡
˿ݿͱ˵ãʵ΢ѾΪ˰˹ĽѲ㲻֧ҵ̻ʣ˽̻ʣһϽ̻ʵ۷磬ʹһԻ͡
ˣ㹴˹壬ҪʹһΪǵ̻𣿽ݿʽҽ̳ɪ̻ʵ־ΪһʹһĽ̻ʣǻ䣬Ϊ㰢׼ģ
ݿɰ˵ó˽̻
ԵĽ̻ӳԵޱȵ貣  ȻȰºͰ˶Ǵߣǵô˵棬ȻʱǲҶֵģ
ڽ̲ڣȰдһɱ⣬Χļ˳̽ݿﷸʮּܣ̵ܻĳͷ




1338¿׵ٵѡ
 

ǣϣ
һ˲䣬ȰµΧλʮʹѾǽݿɸΧס  󵨣ҿ˭ң
׵ʱվ˳ղݿʥŮֵһ̣ˣ
û뵽ԼӵϾȻоܰ
СԼÿడԼĻҲԼôı
ʱҪݿʥŮĻ³˰¶ͺռҲû˸Ұæˣ
ҪǿǰԼĻٻȡ嵽ʮλʮʹ
ߣ׵ٳϣǽ׼ıˣҿͷһˡ
ȰºͰΪʲô˵ĵ  ʵǾźأżʮʮʹͬʱ׵ٺһԵɶɫҲ൱ѿ  ׵ٵվݿɵĸǰݿɣ  ֪Ѿ߳һ·ˣ׵ֻϣⷨȰºͰ˲ֳ嶯֮ˣ  ̫͹ҰĵȰºͰ˿ݿɵĳ֣Ѿǳ׵ķˣ
ɶϣҹѰ׵ЩЦĿɶݿƵ˵
׵ٳϣҪݿʥŮҡ
ɶҲû뵽ķת飬ҪǰԼĻҲôı
ʹһѾǳ׵ķˣɶԭͲμνĽ̻ʵǻġ
Ҳһ˹ģߵλʮʹһûд
׵ٵǴˣҲǴ˼еλʮʹѣ
ûҪ£ü°˹ͰҲԼô
ֻôҲû뵽ݿʥŮûˣˣȫˣ
ؿſ׵ЩƵ˵״ˣҡҲеĿ԰
ݿɿŻԼǰɶͿ׵ٵˣҲһ⼸һҲ׵İְ
սһƺ޿ɱ⣡
˿̵ݿﻹʲô˼ȥԼʲô̻֮λ̻֮λģ  ڼԵ˼׵ϣ˿֪׵ʲôط  ֪һģһģ
ƨĿԣҶ˸ˣ˰ⲻҰ¶ͺռڲʹһ벻尡
׵пԣķȰ´˿Ѿɳ˴
ڽ̲֮ϵĶǱ˸סˣҷȰһǳĻģ
ݿʥŮͻȻ֣ʵ׵پþԼͷҲûκε˼
ղſǱ˵׵Ҳûκγֵļ
ҪɶֵĻǱһԼӵ˶ѣ
ڲͬˣݿʥŮ׵پкͰ˹ͥĵˣ  ݿɿſ׵ٳ׵峤ǰ¶ͺռ壬ݿɻĵģģҼȻȻҲһ׼ûеģ
ŶݿʥŮк֣
׵ٺɶݿʥŮҲһڴĿݿɣ
תһ룬־ˣΪʹһľֿɶˡ
ЩССϺʮˣҲ޲ˡ
׵١ɶΪڽ̲֮ˣȻһڽ̲Լ̵ˣǻһߵڰ
Ȱ¿ſ׵ٺɶ˿Ҳһᣡ  һ￴ǾԲܻͷˣǿ϶ƴݿʥŮġ
Ȱ֪첻ɱݿɵĻǵȹ˽죬ݿһ֮ͻԭ֮ˣ  һǸʱ򣬻ܶǵƿˡ
ݿս̻ֻҪɹõ˽̻ĻȻݿʥŮͿ׵ٵ˵ĻʱԼͿ̻ˣ
ʲô飿  Ȱ£ҶݿʥŮһµĻǾ͵Ǹǰ¶ͺռ忪սˣΪҿ׵㣿׵Цһ
׵٣ƾʮ۷壿Ȱµɫ¶һ˿мɫ
ʵϣʹʹʮʹǴǰڵ۷壬ĳɫҲǲһġ
ʮʹ˵ɣʮʹֻͳƣ
ʵǻΪĸΣֱӦǰڡڡں۷ĸΣ  ղŷȰ¿еʮ۷壬ʵϾָ׵ٵʵﵽʮʹ۷ʵ
׵ٿŷȰ³ôѲʮˣЦʵһ
ӦˣҲһԵİӦҲﵽˣɶſ׵ٺͰˣҲ̾һ  ׵ٵ۾һɣһɺԼĺð˳  ʮĻô氡
һԵȵĴսƺһ׵Ҳ֪ĶǷַӾͱŪˣ
淨ȰºͰ˿ȥ˳׼
Ȼ˿ʹǵ˷ǳǳĶ࣬ĸֶԾЩʮʹڻиëð
Ӵǣ߻ְ
˽֮ʣɫӰ㳡ĸ̨֮ϣ  ֻͷң˸Щ˵˭




1339ʥŮ
 

ಣ  ӰûвʱѾ˸̨֮ϣ  ԭҪֵˣ⼸ݲ֮ˣҲһͷˮĿŶԷ
׵ǿ׵˷ȥӣҪסǣȴָס  ǵɫΪĽţһԼĸ棬һԼľֳȥˡ
ڵƣ˵ʵûܹö
ԭԼĸõĽѾǳˣǾǰ¶ͺռУ
ȴֲ¶ͺռ峤׵ٲˣһµڽ̲ɶҲѾվ˳
ɿʮʹΧˣǼһĳ뵽˹ȵף  ⡭һǲɵ
Ī˹峤׵˳˳ȥҲ̾һ
֪ɽлƫɽУһʵǿɼΰ峤һԾ̾˵
ʵϣҲһߣ  Ϊ׼̻ʰ˺ͷȰ³ƺѾ¾׼ˣ
һսܹӵó
˫ֺʮ˵񰡣ҵĸ׺ҵĶƽ°ɣ
һԵɭǳ峤֮ǰС㣬ڵ᧿ΣΪμ屣һ˿Ѫɣ
ɭҸ׺ҵľѾǳȥˣȴʱܣһŭ˵
ɡС㣬⡭ⳡսѾǳ׵û˰ɭʼ
һԵĲĪ˹ǵС㣬׷峤Ϊʮֵľ塣Ҳɭ˵еŷ峤һϣΪμ屣֣
ǰС㣬Ҳϣ뿪ʵǲֵð
أڻսҲ߲Ϊû˻ע⵽ǣüͷʵ
ҡһ˵ģߣǲߣΪʹһδΪǼδǶɣ
Ī˹͸һӵıϢ֪鲻ôѾǵĹͷ  ӣ  ܹӵõܹӣˣļأ  ǲǲӣղѾվˣѾûκε·ˣ
ǿ˳λҲ֪ӲˣӳȥˣһʲôأѲƾһ˾ܹΪҸ״˱𣿡
⡭С㣬ϣ𣿡̾һ
λ峤ˣǲ̰֮ʵҲ֪״˺ҵľ˽ܿɭǰûκεϣҲԲϣǣѾ˸׼ˣ
  ǵ͸ŵľһӵľʹһǵһ̣Ѿ˸׼  Լľ˽ܿɭǰԼʵɭѾ˲
һԵɭǵӣЩ۵⡭峤˽ҵ񣡡
ûҸ׵ھƭңģǾ͵Ҹ׻֤ɣ
Ѿûκεԥ˱֮ģǾû͵֮  Ī˹̾һȻǻȮӰɭɣ
˵Ŀһεļ˸̨֮ϣ˿ǿǽܿɭʵ̫ţһЩ
Ǻˣ
㳡ĸ̨֮ϣͻȻֵ⼸˳׵Ĵ˷ȰµĲ  ʵԭҪսپģ
ƾͰ˳ǿʵնɱ׵ٺɶ˵ʮֵɣ  ʵҪһԵ˲֣Ǿܹڶʱնɱ˶ˣ֮ƣʹһ𶯣
ȻڷȰ׼ֵʱȴĶдһг
ЩͷҵˣҲ  ݿʥŮ»ؽӶ֮ˣֻϱ꣬ˣ㴵˸ţµġ
һ׵ݿʥŮҲ΢΢һ
£ܹȻվߣ˵һЩյġ
ݿʥŮף˵ʵôأ  ݿʥŮ ڳûκܹ  ˣҪôʮʹоݿʥŮ
Щ֪׵ĿɲֹǾݿʥŮĻǿҪ°ˣ
Ӷ֮ˣߣݿɣΪҼ÷񵰹ܹˣҸ㣬ʹһܲʹһǣڽ̲ڵأҪҰҴطˣ
Ȱüͷһ϶µĶĲм  ݿʥŮ㡭㲻˵ĺ־⼸˰ɣ
ݿʥŮû˵һԵĿ׵Ҳʿˮ׵ˣоԼһͷԵˣ




1340»Ӱɱ12ϣ
 

ҹӶ֮ˣ
ݿ˫ɳĵҲǲǹӶ֮˵ĻԺͺý͵Ķˡ
Ͼʧ꣬ƵһЩڱ˿ҲǷǳĺģ
׵ٿ׵˵ʥŮ£⡭⼸Ǹɶİ
֪ˣ
ݿҲصЦЦȴһĿЦ
ǰôȳһʮʹоԼǰһ׻Ұ
֣ţȰ⼸˵
Ȱ»ӻ֣⼸ѹҲҪԼְ  ʱڷȰµλʮʹѾǳ⼸˵ĸǰ
˿̵ǣѾս̬  ڵĵطʹһǣҪκεαװ
Ȱ³ϣ⼸˸ͲҪԶְǴС˰
˵˽˹ڽ̲½Ա֮һ
ѾΪ˷ȰµĸƨˣоֻиŷȰ²ܹг·  ԭ˹ð˵˽̻֮˹ֻܹˣ  û뵽·Ȼ۶ӣ
ҲǱŭѣݿɵ˽̻ʣԺĺӲû
Ը÷Ȱ¶Ա˹Ѿֱӽսģʽ  ಣ
Ѹٵʧ˵֮Уܿ죬һɹǿʥ֮Ѿǵɢ  Ϊʹһǣʥ֮൱ŨҲǳʺĳֶս
ˣ󣡣׳һԵһЦ
ݣ
һ˲䣬ջһѾʧ˵֮У
Ӱɱ󣡣
һͿ̨ʮŸλѾǲ죡  ·յָһ㣬ϵڿصƶţ  Ȱ𾪵ĿǰһУƺоһ˿˿ĲԾ  
ԲʹһܹʹõĳģҪ˵ս̬ķḻʣ׻Ҫ۵ڶû˭˵һأ
ߣ
ȰʶãϽ˳ղõ֮УҲΪûʲô飡  ֮ǰȻĲ󷨵Ļڳ֮һܹ⣡
ȻˣʵǴﲻĲΣ  񣬿ҲֻСϹ硱̷ֵܹסڶǿˡ
ֻǲ̷ֳģΪһ̷ֳǾζɽٲԶˣ
һӰʧõ֮Уʵܹǡ
δһδﵽڵĳ֣ĳɳǼΪĲģ  Ϲ󷨲ϣֻϧٶȻˡҪȻһҲܲˡ
տףдһ˿˿Ǹ⣡
ʵҲνʵʱסôˣǰˣǾ͸㵱ƷɣҲϤһ»Ӱɱ󣡣
׿΢΢һЦ
ţԿտһ
һԵĿ׵ٵ˿ҲЩסˣʿˮʵ⡭Сʲô
ϲĻӦǶֶΣѲʥŮһǶߣɶüʵ
֮䣬ʵϸһԱȽϵġ
Ȼ˵ʱƣָʧɱϾҪʱۼƣ  ׵һʥŮ˲ʲôˣֻҪܹΪһεĽ̻ʣҾöûġϾʥŮ˲ɪ̻յͳʲô
ͱ˵ôˣǰλʮʹ¾͹Ǻһˡ
ɶ⼸źɫ֮ҲΪĲţ
ƾҪܹʮʹĻҲΪǷֵһˡ
ʮʹôöԸĻǱ˻˸ɶ  ׵Ҳ̾һ׶༪١
ɱɱ
˹ĸ˱ʮŵţһȻĿŶգ  бǺ˵Ŀ⣬Щֱӣ
ȴ΢΢һЦһӰɱ
šյĿȥʮŵڿγһУ֮ƺ浽׷ʲô
漴һѾɱ֮  ˶סˣΪֻиղŷȰ³ɳȥĸˣѲǾȻɱˣ  ǿʮʹôܻأ  ˵ĿⶼǽǾ޴Уûһ˸  ˭Ҳ֪һ죬׻ᷢʲô  δ֪Ĳµģ
Ҫ֪ӰɱɽҲʵ΢һǵһβٿأ
ҪĴﵽɽٷĲεĻһӰɱ󣬾ܹЩ˸߰˰ˣ  һ֮ǻӰɱ󽥽ֹͣ˿ٿ󷨵棬һ˹ѪӲдİڵϣ  Ŀл߶߶ĺɱɱɱ




1341ʨӴ󿪿ڵ
 

ʲôȻɱˣ
ȥŮ˵ʹʲôǿλʮʹ
ֲ˹̫ˣ
⡭ļٵİǼСӾܹʮʹԼԼ
һĿɿڴ˿ǰһжоԼҪ裡  ǵʲô
˶ǴĿǰһУ˭Ҳ㲻һеʲôԭ  ࣡  ׵ٵĺһĭһԵɶҲǴľĿǰһУ  ˣ  ʵ̫ˣ
׵ٿɶЩ͵ʵɶϣˡ׾⡭⵽ʲô
ҡҼǵһսʱ׻һλҲùƵʹһ֮˻ɱɡɴûйʮʹġ
ɶȿ׵ҲòȥȻƵģ𾪵ĳ滹ǵһμ
Ȼ֮ͬ֮ǰҪ̫̫ˣ
ʥŮ£㡭׻Ƶߣ׵ЩɻĿ˿ݿʥŮ
ݿʥŮſ׵ٵ˭ҪҪܻܲʹһǬ
ɶ̾һʥŮ˵ļǣ÷ȰºͰҰĵóѣĽĺã
ݿɿɶ̾һ̸װҲֻҽˣϾǵʵ̫ǿ̫ǿˡ
ĸϵ֮ҿ½ǰ˺ϵˡվⲻһѪսû뵽ⷨȰºͰ˾ȻѾﵽʮĲΣ
׵ٴ˿лһƣʮ  ǿԼľ磬û뵽һֱԼϾķȰ£ȻԼһﵽΣ
𿴽һССϵĲ࣬ȴÿ׵ôҲ޷ֲ˵ġ
һȰ浶ǹĸһĻԤǣȻǲҰܣпܱȰնɱ  κɱûзȰɱԼô޷ܣ  ߣ׻ߣ
ȰȻҲǼʶȽϵĹ֮ǰɶһҲǼʶ׻ĳ֣
׿ŷȰ΢΢һЦ٣ﲢҪҪݿʥŮǱֻ꣡Ϊɻ
٣ҳ˫
Ȱ¿׳⼸һ￴ȥʮֵĹ죬Ҳ̫ðգ
ղλʮʹˣʣµһ˹Ҳ׵ʧȥս
һӵʱ䣬÷ȰʧʮʹҪôµĻԺԼ첻ˣ
ѲɵʱԼһ˾ɣ  ˫𰡣׿ŷȰ£ζ˵
˵
Ȱ²аֻҪ⼸·ŪߣʱʲôԴŪ
̾һǺðɣһټʥɣ
ۣ
Ȱ²ûһﻹǸʨӴ󿪿ڰ  һټʥѾôԼȥأ  ˵ʥû׼ȰҧҧľԸˣһټʥ
˹Ҳʮʥ˵Ʒʥ߼ƷʥĻǸ֮٣
һſھһټʥⲻ  ôˣȰ³ϣ˵ƫƫŰ׿ŷȰ̾һ
Сӣ֪׻߽ʹһ³𣿱ҪȰ
׻磬ʱ˵ĻԼ𣡣㲻Ǽɵң߷ϻ
⻰˵ֱףȰ¸оԼһ޹⣡
׳СӣԼҪĻǿľ͹ֲˣ

Ȱ²ϣΪ˽ǰף  һһ滹ʲôֵĻô죿  ˵ˣЩ׻ֻǰҲûʲô֣
Ȼ˵ĻֻΪ޳ܵ˺սˣ  ʵãϣľսپ
ʱϵԽãʱԽô򵥵ĵ֪ܲ  Ȱ³ϡ÷¡ŷȰ£Ҳվ˳
һôϤʹò÷¡뵽һˣǾԼǸˣ
У˵Ļôĺûᰡ
ڽ̲ͳһָܲӣϣδһСʱ֮ڣЩȫնɱ
Ȱµгȣڽ̲ʮˣ˿Ҳƴ
ȻҲЩɵյֶΣҲ֪ղԳֶΣҲһΧġ
ֻҪΧôǾǰȫģ  ֻҪʱնɱŮˣν󷨲ɣ
һʱ䣬ѾǾۼ˽ʮʮʹ
ȿֲĵӣ׵Ҳüͷ
ЦһģǻǰԼ̲˰
Ȱ³׵Ķɱģǿɾ͹ֲף  ԭ׻ҪݿʥŮһЩ֣ڿƺݿɵļȨ  Ϲ硭
׵Ŀкһ֣һ˶ЩȦ֣  Ϲ磿˭
Ѳһﻹкֲɣ




1342±̬
 

ʹһǣ
֣֮ԶϿյһ޴ķξʯѾڿն𣡣  ¡¡
Ǿʯ㳡̨ıԵ
һĿɿڴǶ֪ʲô飬һһľʯǱоȻ˲ͬķλ  ԭҪֵҲǱصľˣ
ʲô
ܶ˵д˿̶ôģһʯûйɵ˲˵·
Ȱ³ϣ⡭
ЩĻŵĿŷȰ£оЩԾ
Ϊʯÿһ飬оԼǱʲôѹһ£ȻЩܹˣ  Щ˲֪˿֮УһӰûƶ
̷ֿ·ЩˣҲ¶һ˿˿Ц⡣
ԭΪûлˣû뵽Ǻ  ˵ʵһڴ˷ܵģ
̷Ҳˣ֮ʱֹˮҪ֮ʣҲɫǺЩ
һʯһ㣡
һ飡
̷ֵӰĴ˿̷ֱַ֮µӰ֮ʱ  һʯĸǰ˿̵Ĳ·һ֮У
оԼƺߣȴԶģ  ֹȻҲ޲ڵ˵
һ˲Ĺ̷һѾסʮλʮʹ  ̬֣  ʲôʵ
ڵ̷ѾǴﵽ˷ɽĲΣʵԸ˻Ǵ´ģ
ʵֻҪĻʹһǿ¶ᱻ𣬿ô
Ӱݼˣ
̷Ȼʵǿᣬȴֱ黳
˵˿̵ŻҲǴ´ˣ֪û׾ûԼ  ̷һظˣûΪԼڵĳɹԼģ  в֣Ȼǧ  ôǳԵĵڲĻЩǰ׻ˡ
һãȻЩ裬ҲǿⰡԺȥǱߣҪϰ׿̷Цŵ
һʣԱ죡  ˵˭һʵĻ̷־Ǵ  ˼ҾͿ֣ɽҲǵλȻˣ  ܹ֣ǿҪʱ˺͵ģô򵥣ôɽҲʵ̫ûˣ  ɱЩˣ´̷ֿ࣡Ҳ΢΢һЦ  һԵķȰ²ˣղǼʮ˸ոյû뵽ǰĲȻԼʧȥ磡  
ȰЩĽкţΪǲ˿Ǽʮʮʹͬʱʧȥϰ  ˿ľΧЩ˵һ޴ʯͷ
⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣҲͷ
Щǹ찡Ǹղųˣʹʲôħ
Ȱ¶ˣǿʮʹʮʮʹ  Ҫȥ׻磬ҲܹȷѪʮʹ
û뵽Ȼӵģ  ʮʮʹͱЩʯͷŪûˣ˵ȥ˭Ű
Ȱ³ϣҿ˰ɣ˵ز˾⡣
Ѿɲ˻ǲ Щʵֲ̫˰  ţ
Ҫߣʲô̻ζ˰ҵʱԼʹһЦ
УǼߣȰ´˿ѾЩˡ
ôҲû뵽˾ȻܹԼƵ˵ľ
˿ŷȰµɽڲûգԾĹ𣿡
ߣɱǸոճֵˣǲǻͰȫˣһӦʹ׻Ƶĳ󷨣Ӧ֪׻ƵһֱϡŹֵġ
ȰĽ꣬Ҫ  ˵ζʧܣԺʹһҲ˺򰡣  ǡ
ЩҪˣŲʧоһͷŵװ尡  ûʲôǵģ첻ɱǣɱǣô򵥵ĵӦò᲻װɣȰ¿Ű˳
áðɣ
ʵҪ˵ģӲıȰһǰߣ  ׿̷ֹļһҲ΢΢ҡͷ  ʵ̷ֵʵرǿȻҪɽˣ
ʵĻҲֻ൱龳ڵʵȫΪ֣ʸɽˣ  ȥɣ
ȰһҪ̷׼ʱ̷ֵķͳ˹ȥ  ԭҪһȥİˣ̧ͷ׼壬ɵ̷ͷǿֲ˹ĵ֮һһɲ  Ȱ´˿̷ֻ֣˴˿̷Χı仯  ̾һһҲ̫ùһ㰡  ʲôʱ򲻺ѡƫƫѡڱ˶ɽٵʱ򣡣




1343Ϲ
 

ʹһǣ˿㳡ϿգһƬƣ
̷ֵͷ֮ϣһ֯һΧ֮һɪɪ  һ㣬ϵķ  ѹǣ  һϢĸоʵЩֲ
⡭ǸʲôⰡ
ûмôúõĳأ
ѲǼһɣ
׻Ƶôôǰ˵ʹһȥ׻Ƕȡİ
ǿѹҸоҶ͸˰
̷ֵΧܶ˲֪Ƕɽ֮ǰף޼ɵǱţ
ʵϣ⻹һ²ؼ߸߹˼棡
ʥʹ֮
Ȱһŭȣ˻һ׹⣬ɲǼʧ˵ĸǰ  ˿ֻ̣һĿ꣬ǾնɱǸһ
ʦҪҪæС忴Լʦ׳ʵ
ߣɽٵʱ̷֣ˣ׹һ΢΢һЦ
Ϊ棬Ȼ˽ǳ룡
ɽ֮Уֵܶʱкü  еһǶɽǰΪɽҪֻһǾǷ  ʱ˭ҽĻǾͻᱻΪٻ˵һƣ  ǶɽǷˣܹնƽƣ
ɽأ˵ֱӶԿ٣նƽ֮Ҳȼ˶ѣ
Щһĳǣ
ȰȻʵǿᣬѾǧ˷˭ֿĽأ
˿̵ķȰֻΪ̷ֵʲôѣ£
Ȱ³ϡ
վڷȰµԭһ𹥻ġ
ǰ˱ܵĸоЩԾͣסˣƺҲҪŷȰһͣס
ֻϧڵķȰѾȥκ˵Ļ  䣡
һ׹ը죬׹⼴Ҫ̷ֵһ˲䣡  ֮Уһɫֱǵ׹ϣ
һ˲䣬ǵ׹⳹׵ʧתȥȴԭһİ˹峤Ȱ£Ȼڵһ  սһȰ´˿̿ȥǽһҰ  ȫ¼ǽζ˿ȥĿȫǣǻһ˿΢Ϣţ˶ΪȰ¹ˣ  ̷ֿŷȰһһҲ̫ԩˣ
ʵղ̷ָоԼĹѾܵơ
֣عٸӦҲǺ飬һﻹǸ٣ɼΰ
ҲԶ׼ģϾһʮʵɽٻкһξ롣
̷רĶɽ٣׳
˸ȥɽ٣
׵󣬿˵ĶѾ羪֮һ㣡
׵ٺɶ׵ˣǶʿˮ
˵һ㣬ղǸһҪɽٵĻʤѾûκεˣ
ˣͷˣ̷Ҳ֪Լ̫ʱ䡣
ղʩչ̷֣Ҳı
¡¡
һɫ£·Ҫû̷һ㣡
̷ֺ޾ɫʹһǾʯǾǶԿٵ
ȥһɽҲ̫һ˰ɣ鿴̷ӣҲǾ
ǺǣҲ˰ɣԭֶԿ٣ҲʧΪһƽɣ׹΢΢һЦ
׿׹ҵ̷ɽӦû˰
Ҫ˵ɽ׵ģӦþ̷һˡ֣ȻǶɽٳɵĽݾֻϧÿһ˶ܹġ
׹ҲʼʵҲ֪Щ鲢û̫ĵɽ
䣡
ʱһɫ̷ֵ֮ϣ  ǺǣҪϲ̷˰ƺѾЩˣЦŵ
׹Ҳǵͷǰɽ磬Ҳû̫İ취ġ
֮䣬һĹ֮
ܿ죬ֹ֮Ѿʧȡ֮ϼĽ
ɽƺΪ̷ţ  һǿ͸ƿʼ̷ֵϼӳ֣
Ǵϴӣ̷ֻоһ泩˿ҲǱĿٹһ̣
أ̷ֵѾƮ˿УǽƺЩȲҪ뿪˵أ  ҲҴȥҲҴң
̷ûü׵ڴк˿̵Ѿǳ׵ʧ˵ĸǰ
ˣ  ˵֮̾У̷ַɽ磡  ̷ԼҲûԵøȻǵһʹһǷ׻ߣǰ޹ˣ
һ˿׹ҵ˵׳ϡ顢С壬ȻݿɵİΣ
ʦ磬ɶȥ鿴׵ЩƵʵ
ʱֵؼʱҪȥﰡ  ׿΢΢һЦѲǲȰµļֵܴôٺ١




1344ݿɵǻ
 

ಣ
״ѾǻԲѵķȰʧʹǣ  ˵˾ôĿţ˫ȶЩ
ղһĻʵ̫ģ
׵ٵ˴˿̵ΣǻˣҲĿʼռ
ɶǰľҲ֪ʱѾˣ  ӭݿɽ̻ʵǻ
ɶһǳоĳϣ֪ʲô룡
֮ʣݿѾŽ̻˵Ļ֮£һĳŽ̻ʵıȥ  ˵ɫ˼㣬Ҷˣ  ΪݿΧЩʵ̫죬ҲЩʵһǿޱȣ  ҲҿԥˣҪȻ³ȷȰºõʲôطȥ
յ˿ǰľһ˵ȹ£
ӭݿɽ̻ʵǻԸ̻ʴǧأ
մһܿһЩ֧ݿʥŮѾĹ
׵ٵĨһ˿Ц⣬ҲǻĹ
Щûжֵڽ̲ˣһǴ۵С۵ĿǰһУ
ѡ񣡣  ڳΪΪѵ飡
Ȱ³϶ˣûн̻ҡҿҲֻ˳Ӧư
ǰȥǿ³ȷȰ³ϻҪҰ
ʵ˭̻ʸʲôϵҲ̻ʣ
˵ʵݿʥŮ̻Ҳһǻ°Ը׷ݿʥŮ
ڿĵ˭ʱ˭˵˭ãܿͻӦ
  ܶ˶֪Щ޷⣡  ݿɻĴӽ̻֮λޱܿ콫þȨȵݸݿɣ
ҲǱᣬΪõһˡ
ԼĽûˣ  ٵǽ̻ʱԺ˹壬Ƕһֱ
ŵһڽ̲˹֮Ӧ֣ܿ
һһڽ̲֮˹
ʼնûй£֪һ¹򣬿¾ͻɱ֮
ҪߣԼƺѾǱݿʥŮԱߵǼӶ˸ˡ
һİգݿɾȻţ
ҲˣȻ֪ʲôطôĸ֣⻹ò˻˰
䣡
ڰԥ֮ʣԭĲ÷¡˵ֺȻ  ̷ֵķֵЧӦҲǽĽͣ  ɵ÷¡ƿ󷨣׼ķʱЩ±ˣ  ݿѾǻһԳ˰֮⣬˶Ѿǹ  ʲô
˽̻ʣ⡭ⷨȰ³أеĿŰ˵
ߣ£ӭν̻ʣڽ̲˸ţȰѾݿɽ̻ȻǻȲĻ͹ӭ½̻ʵǻ
׵ŭһ˿ĴҲû֮ǰĵǣ  ΣΧЩҷӣ
Ȼǲ־ܵģ˵ôһ֣
֮ǰѺݿʥŮʱ䣬ͳһҲܻġ
Ȼ˵ĻΨһϣǸɵǰˣ  ʼնû˵֪ڶֿĻԼ  ݿɻῴԼǰ˹ķϷŹԼһȥԼϣûˡ
ҿ˭ң
ڲ׼֮ʣȰѾǳ˵ĸǰ  ƺҲѾתȻȥǱ׵ǿҩ֧£Ļָٵġ
ֻѾΪ׵ˣڵֻ׵һӶѣ
˵ʵҲ֪ʹһʼղͬ壬һͳķʽкܶࡣ
һѡ˱Ƚϻһַʽͨʹһһͳ磡
Ȱ³ϣǡ
ŷȰЩȦˣҪ֪֪ȰҰĵ֮һ  ֻôҲû뵽Ǹ׻Ƶ澹Ȼܹǿʮǿߣ  ݿɽ̻ʸҪ𣿹£Ȱŭһ
Ȱ³ҡҪ˵ŷȰµ񣬻ӲĿʼˣ  ȥ  ıԼ۾ôҲû뵽ԼĽ̻ʵǻ䣬ȴɾݿʥŮ
Ȱµϥ¹ݿʥŮʵ˷Ȱ̻ʴ¾
ݿһ㶣Ȼ֪׵ʲôǿȰϵģҲ¶һ˿Ц⣡  ʵ֮ǰһֱΪĵľǷȰԼİ˹壡
ڰˣҲֻ֪Ҫ㶨˷Ȱ£˵Ǹ㶨һУ  ŷȰ¹һ˵ȿνɽХһĳݿɽ̻ʿʼ  ԥ˰죬ҲǻĿʼ¡
˹µһ̣־ʹһѾǽݿɵʱ  ֻ˲֪ⲻһͳĵһһʵЩ󣡣




1345ִԲİ
 

ǿ׵ˣҲһƬСǣ  һԵɭ׵˵ģҲΪĽ˵ûû뵽ǰ˵
ǰĺҲǼ˵
Сѡǵģۼ֤һε漣ݿɽ̻ʵǻԺμɾͰȫ˰
ɭҲһʵЩС˵ȫǵһġ
ĶǶǽǻŵĻϰ
˿̵ʹһǣݿվڽ̻ʱǰ棬־ٽ̻ͲþȨȣһҲƽ
ʵԼҲû뵽ԼȻܹΪʹһףȻһڽʵˡ
˵Ҫлף
ڽ̻ʵǻȻɣޱ׼̻ʵǻĽ  ʱʹһĲ󷽣Ӱ
޵ʮ־Щʮʹڵǿߣڽ̻ʵǻһ̣ǾȻڿУӻǷǳĴ
˴󵨣
׵Ϊڽ̲ĳϣǰļˣȻҲʶģ  ǰ˵ҲΪڼ䱣׼̻ʰȫˡ
Щǰ˾ѡţֻΪ˸
ʵϣԭѾǳʧܣɵ⼸˵ʱҲǻվ
ղͿˣԼѾǿס˰ޱļˡ
Ⱜޱļ˲ݿʥŮļ  ̻ʴˡ
ʮʹһץһˣƺֻҪһЩ˾ûˣ  ޱһǼˣɫһ䣡
˻վʾǼվԼ
ȥ
Ȼݿ죬ҪûκεĻˣ  ģʵǲģ
׸һ˵ƣҲе  ⼸˲ǰޱ֮ˣʵҲݿɵ֮ˣǶǰ˹ĵϵ
ˣʲôݿɿŰˣʵ
ݿɣҲʲô÷ҵߣ˿ݿ
ܣڷҵļˣٿԱȫݿɵĨһ˿ɱ
ȫҵҰҪ֮Ҹ㣬Σ
˴˿Щ˵Ľ̻Ȼ飬ԲݿɵӰ֮£
ˣٸһλᣬݿŭһ
̻ʴˣ·ϣҵΪܹϢ׵ٿŰЦһ
ڰˣ׵Ѿİ¶ͺռ嶼Ƿǳĳӵģ
Ȱͼǰ¶ͺռ壬Ѿǲʵˡ
񿴵ӣ׵ȻҲ侮ʯˣ  ׵٣ûǰ¶ͺռ壬һź鰡ݿɣΪʸΪ̻𣿡
˺Ȼŭһ
ݿɪϽ̻նѡûʸѲʸ𣿡ɶһŭȵˣҲǰ˹ˣȰ㻹ǻͷǰ
ޣݿʮʹʵƾʲôܹϽ̻֮λҼǵú̻Ҫʵʮʹɣ
˿ݿɲм˵ڻ  һ̻ûе˶ܹ޳ܵȥ̻ʣݿڵİ˹ϵֳֽ̻кβɣʮʹǳ飡ͲҪ㵣ˣɶŭһ
һԵĿ׵ҲǱĵݿʥŮһѺ꣬ˣҵӵݿʥŮΪ̻ʣô֪ԼΪʲôܹΪ̻˰ɣͽ飡
ݿɰڰֵˣˣϣܹ;֪Խ̻ʵģֻҪҵļˣҿԷȥ
ߣҰȻȥԻļˣ˸ݿɵĻ  ҵļܹƽ߳ʹǣ
ݿҲǵʲãȻҲûϵ˾Ȼĺ֣
ʵϰޱܹһεĽ̻ʵǻ䣬ȫΪ˿˹壡  ˿ݿɣȻһΧԼ˿Цҹ
ˣ㵱ִԲ򣿡ݿһɣ˴ڱŭĽ׶Σ
ʵϣԼҲûκεİס
һԵķȰ¿ݿɵ̻ʴˣҪȻס
Ȱ°Ȱ£㻹ҪҪ֮ǰҵ̻ʵҲ㣬ڵҲ㣬㻹ţ
Ϊʹ޵ľǷȰ¾ȻͶݿɣ  ΪĻ˵ıһܹڽ̲ǻл̵ᷭģ  ϾղǸʵǿļһѾǷˣ  ǰɣʮӵʱ䣬Щˣݿɽ̻ͬͬķϣʱݿɽ̻ʴ㣡
׿ŰǱһӣ˳һԵ˶ǿźɫҵӣ  ÿһһ֣ƺһ͸ĸо




1346´Ѷ
 

ߣһ׻棬ȻҲʹһԲѣ
˿׾ҪΪ⼸һĻݿɺڷ̣
ǷȰ²֪һʲôԻ
ھȻһΩǴӣʵðЩ۾  ݿɿ׳ϿɶҺͰޱ֮ˡ
𣿡
׵ΪĿݿɣݿɶ׿˿ƺЩԥ
ʵݿɵԥΪЩԼˣ
ҪԼץĻԥѡԼԼɹΪ̻ʵˣ  ˣԼⱲӵźȫˣ
˵
˵ϵõ֣˵ҪԼˣ  ˵ҪԼΪ̻ʣԼȻ۷֮ϣ  ݿôܹǰأ  ݿɵ񽥽ıüᶨ׳㣡
ߣʹһĽ̻ʣȻ䵽Ҫ׻ߵɫ㻹˰
˲ϵﳰݿɣʵлǷǳķġ
ǰһʵЩ죬ò  Լʮǿߣµĸ˶ʮǿߣ  һܹɱǣҪԼеЩʹʵ̫ɲˣ  ֻҪһЩ˶ûˣ
һܹԼʵ൱Լʵһˡ
ǿ  Ҫ֪ʵѾ൱׻Ƶ龳ˣһԵĸ൱龳ڣ
ǰСӿȥȻ죬һôĸ֣
ʮӹȥˣְɡ
׿Ű΢΢ҡͷƺоЩź  ݣ  ׵ߣĵɫӰĴϬһ㣬˲ʧĸǰ
ת˲֮䣬ͿĵӰͰԵĸغ  һ룬ĸеѾǵĵӰУ
ղŷϻô죬ͷ˼գһ۾ĹѾǽˣ
׿桢ͽСЩִԲҲûʲôôɱ˰ɣ
ײһɱ֮ˣⰢ˺ЩѾǲܻͷˡ
ֻҪһ˿˿ĽңǶȥԣ  ݿɵм䣬Ǿһ޴
ЩߣֱӲʹ죡
̻ʴˣҪҪҵȥæ׵ٿǼֱӳŰ˵ɱ˹ȥҲѯʵ
ȻҲ֪׻Ƶߣǿ׵һʱƵˣ  Ѿ̶ˣҪ׻ߵȥЩ˵Ļ̫޴ˣ
ÿ׵ٸо־ľǸղǸɽٷǿߣһμǿߣ  ˵ǧ궼ûзˣ֮˾Ȼһ˵𾴣ʵ벻ͨ˵ʲôͷ  ͷβ˼ҶûĿʾ˰  ݿɰڰֵˣ
һߣߵλʮʹѾǳ׵ıɱ  ҽķʮغϵͳӣ
İȻһ˾ˣ  ࣡  ˸оĽŲϵٽĸ˵ʵġ
û뵽ھȻôͳΪ˱˵ĵ꣬ʵ˿־尡
㡭ʲôһĭһŵʵ
ᣬûаס΢΢ʼ磡
ಣ
Ҳ֧ŲסˣоԼĶͷһϸ  ܿ죬㻯һ⳯ʹһǵΧ˹ȥ
Ӱɱ󣡣
һˣҲһ漴еѾǳŰ˵ķ򼲳۶ȥ  С壬ȥ׿һԵĽС΢΢һЦ
ǣʦ𣡣Сһ˷ܵĿŰˣŷɽͳŰ˵ķ˹ȥ  Զһҵɱ֮  տų棬δӰɱ󣬰˺ͽС忪ʼǵɱ  вϵıŷһǿϢ
һӰ͵Ӱصһ𣬷
ýСʵڵĶտӦûд⣡
һʱĹ򣡣  ˾ڻӰɱ֮صɱ׿ȴǽΪٵһʵսĥ  ǰ˸֪ԼֻǱ˳ɹ·ϵĥʯ
ǰʱŽСһư˵ĵ
̻ʵǻ䵽һлĻˣ  ˱նɱѺȰ¹˳׵֧֣ʹһȥ
ݿɳΪһʹһĽ̻ʣѶ  ݿʹһ̻ʸۡһȫµʱѾĻ
ֻǺܶ˲֪ĻֻǶһͳĿʼ  ׵˽̻ʸۡݿҪ׵лҲ֪Լ֪˶ٻˡ




1347𾪵ɶ
 

̻ʸۡ
ԭΪ׼Ķȫݿã  еĶǻȻһ£ҪκεĲã
˿̲׵ڴˣȰ¡׵١ɶҲλУ
ȨʱݿҪλãȻҲҪ¹ڽ̲Ȩ  ׵ٺɶ֪׵˵ʲôˣ
Ψһȷľ׻Ƶߣ˶ѣ  ģǸһ֪ʵϣһεĽ̻ʵǻ䣡
Ҳô˳һͳ磬˵кܴһԭΪԲ˳
Ȼˣ׵ʹĪֶΣҲʹһ壡  лл
ݿɿ׵ˣҲǳ˸м֮飡  װڰֵݿɽ̻ʺαظҿ֮䱾Ǻϵ˵ˣݿɽ̻ʵ׻ƣҲ׻Ƶѣܹûдİɣ
һԵɶҲЦŵ׻ĸŵģҶ׻絹ҲǷǳϤ
Ծ̫幬³˼ֵ
̫幬ɶЩªŵĿףȻʵҵû˵
ɶϣ˰û뵽̫幬Ȼ̻ʴѣʧʧ
׵ٿףҲʿˮ
ʵϣ׻飬ǰ¶ͺռ廹Щ˽ġ
ν֪֪˰սʤ  ׵Ϊ¶ͺռ峤ȻǹעĶˡ
̫幬΢ĩٶȴĿģ  ׵ٳϣ֪̫幬ɶЩʵ
ʵϣ˿׵֮⣬ȰҲ֪̫幬ġ
ѾΪ׵ˣ׵ĸǰȻҲǲҲ廰ġ
׵һ֪ҲԼ٣Ǿ˵ˣ
׵ٹһЦ֮ǰ֪Ӧ֪Ұ¶ͺռ׻ƻһЩѵģ
Ǻǣ׵ٳϵĴѾ쵽׻ˡײ̲˵
׵ЩεĿ׵ĪҪ֣ʵ϶һֱҲûֹͣԿľ̫幬ҽȣɱ̫ڵ飬Ѿ˲֪˲ˣ
ɱ̫ڣ
ɶ׵ˣҲһӲ֪Ӧ˵ʲôˡ
Ϊμӹǿ˵̫ǿ׻ĵڶŰ
˵ɱɱˣҲ̫һɣ
ɶ峤Ӧüǵõ̫ڵɣɶϸй֣
׵ٿɶ΢΢һЦʵҲһķ
̫幬ֲ˹Ҳǲ֪Ϊʲôô  ǽ쿴׺Щ˲ֶΣˣ
һﵱţҡҿɲĶ֣ɪ̻ʣ˼Ҳ˵˺ಮ٣Ѳ
ɶſ׵٣üͷҪ֪ǰǾǸ˰
ѲһҲǾ̫幬Ķ֣Ҳǣ׵ٶ˵˾̫幬ɱ
ɱ֣Ǵ̫ѾǱ˸ɵ  ׿ɶ̫̫ͼţҸҵȻҲǳصģһˣֻ˵ǲң
⡭أɶ׼æʵ
ߣǼһѾҵնɱɽɣ鿴ɶһ
𾪣  ɶӵɵϴǰ˾ǿŹһ㣡
һԵĿ׵Ҳ̾һʵǿᣬľ̫幬̾Ϊֹʵ
׵ٵ仰̫ΣʵϣҲ֪׻֮˲ʹһͼġ
ûа취Ѿ³Ŀģ  ֻ֮ǰĿ׵ѾǱˣⲢǻ£ͨһεŬ׵ð¶ͺռ尲ȫ˲
׵ٵ֪ǽ˭ͳΣҲֲ
磬ʲôȰȫҪأĿֻһǾǷ磬Ϊʹ
ֻҪ˭ܹĿ꣬ţҲνİ  ݿɿ˵ı飬Ҳ֪ʱǲܷʲô۶ӳˡ
ݿɶ׳Ժʹһ廹ö
΢΢һЦȻʵսҶ꣬ķչҲǼΪĲԴĿǰҲǼȵѷ׵峤ɶ峤˾ȻʮʵʵЩϧ˰
ǰ˵̫ˣԴԽԽšҲܴ׻ƵⰡ׵Ҳʵʵ˵˵
ղŸλӦҲˣҵŵӶѾзɽˣŸλӦҲĽɣ׿΢΢һЦ
׵ٵ۾ͨ죬ǺֹĽֱǼʣ
ҪܹĻǵţҲİ




1348׵ķ
 

ɽ磡
Ƕ˶Ϊ֮һĿ꣡  Ȼǧ궼ûйɽӣˣҾǰλ·ˣ  ׵һô˵Ȼ֮  һԵɶҲɫͨ죬ȻǷǳļ
ݿɵ˿ףҲû뵽׾Ȼ˵Ļ
Ҫ֮ǰ˵Ļ϶ûԸŵģڲòţ  Ϊۿ̷ַɽ磬ҼǵǸΣ˼Ҷ׻쳣أ  ˵ʲô˵һж˼İ
λ
ǿ׵ΨһɻˣҪܹﵽεĻôΪʲôԼأ  ΢΢һЦǺǣȹһԼľ磡
ԭˡ׵ЩȻ˵
׿ſ׵ٺɶڴڵˣȻ˵ˣȻҲ˷֮ǰϣʹһ塭
ģҵԸΪͿأ
׵һЩ˵֪¼ûԵ޹ʵİͺޣ
˼Ϊʲô㣿ȻĳЩʱҪİ
ʱʹһ飬ĿĻԶ׼  Գ֮ΪһףʹһЭȡԼķ
ڿ׵ٿνģ˲Ϊ  Լķκ鶼ҪҪΪ˻ܹϧԼ꣡  ݿɿףԭҪ˵ЩʲôȻԼʲôҪ˵
ֻҪȰ¡׵ٺɶϤ֧ԼĻôĵλҪȹ̾жȹ̣
һǵĺѾʼˣǺǣǼöҩĿǰ׵ٳϺɶϳΪʮ
࡭л
׵ٲ˿ѾǸܵǼöҩ̺ŵ  ˵ʵʹһνʥ֮׻һʵһ˼
ʹһȴЩƵҩԼķ˵Լơ
Խǵ˺ڣʵʹһ϶ǿ˺սսʤ׻Ƶߵġ
۵ʮʵ龳ڻһЩģȻ಻Ǻܴ
ͬ˵Ҫսʤ֮׻ƵߣоЩ̫ܡ
תͷݿɵݿɣһ顭
˵
ݿڶҲǰ˳ˣҲ֪Լʵס
һ磬ӦòֹʹһɣҼǵúжʹһ塢Ѫǰɣ
ʹһ塢ѪʹһֻѾ𽥵ûˣ
ݿɿЦŵ֪׵Ҫ˵һЩʲô
ЦŵҵǾӦúϲΪһµˣΪ˵Ľ̻ʣ
ʹһѪȻʵǿȴѾǴﵽˮݵĳ̶ȣǲܡ
׵ٿҲ˵ԼҲģ  ʹһѪ壬Ǹʹһ嶼Ѫծ۵Ĺϵ
ʹһʹһ巴ˮһȺˣνް
һԵɶҲ̾һ˵鷨Ȱкܴεģ
Ȱ¿˵ìͷָԼҲεʼΪ׼ʱϾʹһѪ˵в
׵ͷҪһͳ磬ʵûдλı
Ȱ¿׹л
׿˵ҿڽ̲һֱӶԽ̻ʸ˴ִϣͬȺ˴֮УÿȺ֤λã
׵ķҲΪĿǰԼݿɱȽһ
⡭˼öʹһѪҲʹһ壿׵Щ𾪵Ŀʵ
ȺҪݣҪʵĵλزȺѾ֪ͨˣһ͵׳
Ǹʹһ壿ļٵİɶЩ𾪵Ŀף
Ҫ˵ʹһ˺Ѫ˸뻢ڣЩ̫ˡ
׿ɶҺͶʹһѪĸ߲㻹һЩԨԴġʱ˿ɾͲˣȻѾγ棬鲻ãȥҲ̤ʵǣ
Ȼ˵ˣûκġɶЦŵ
׵ٿҲǵֻҪʹһѪûҲûκε
Ȱ¿ף˵ھȥӭѪͶʹһĸ߲㣬ҪǴʱͲճ˰
΢΢ͷԺ֮ʵѾһͳ磡




1349еƵķȰ
 

ײȵ˹ʱҲû뵽һܹΪʹһϱ  ʵϣ֮ǰһֱڼз棡
ʹһѪͶʹһ¾ҲΪŭ  ʹһʵ̫ǿˣҪ׵ĳ֣ڵȺͿײѾǹˣ
ŷȰվǳſӭǣײҲ¶һ˿Цݣ  ѪʡʥŮ£þò
Ȱ¿ſײҲ¶һ˿Цݣ  Χ˶ʹһѪǷȰ£վڳſӭǵҲǷȰ£  м䵹һĿ  ײһδҲǸˣ  Ϊǽӵ׵ֻǽӵʱѾһƬˣ  ֮ǰһֱǵģһ׵ʹһ϶ڽӰ
ǻڵԼǲҪд
ôҲû뵽龹Ȼһչ  ŷȰ³ӭӣǶ֪׷ʲô飡
Ȱ³ϣǺþòҺʥŮǲһûл˰
ײŷȰµӣҲ֮һŷŭĻ棡
һѪڵ˽ĵزأ
һԵȶڷȰҲûκεĺɫŷȰµȰ峤˵Ƕʹһ廹Ǹл㵱ûиϾɱ
⡭ⶼᣡҲΪʹһ忼ǣŲò
Ȱ´˿ҲƲѣҲǳΪ˱˵ˣʲôʸ˵أ

ھһʧߣȻˣҲһ׵׵ʧߣ
ڳΪ׵ˣл磡
ŷȰµӣײжһĳ죬ʵҲɻ
Ҳ֪ǽ̻ʵǻ䣬˵ʵ̻ʵǻɲʹһע  ʹһѪ嶼ΪĹע
ͻȻ֮亰ǵʹһ壬ڻһͷˮأ
ȿŷȰʵʹһĽ̻ʵǻ䣬֪Σ
ݿɽ̻Ȼǻ˿ڽ̻ʸۡλ
ȰһϵĿȣ֪Ⱥ׵ʲôϵ  ҲҶʲô̬ȣ˵ˣѾǳΪ˶ʹһ䣡  ʹӵλ˵ʵݿɽ̻Ӧƽƽģ  ײŷȰµĻʵݿʥŮǻΪ̻ˣ
Ȳ֪ײ֪鵽ôģ
ʵݿʥŮŵϢģһҪ֧ݿʥŮΪ̻Ҳ֪ġ
ײͬĵǣǾôʹһ峼أ
Ҫ֪ʹһڽ̲ǾǼʮʮʹ
ôǿ߾ۼһ׾Ҳֻܹ̾ɣ
Ȱ¿ſײ˵ļͷǽȥ֮Ȼ˸ǽ͵ģ
ǻʲôȣȽȥ׷ʲôɣײ˷ܵ˵
ȿſײţû뵽Ȼôĺͼ־Ѿʵһ˰
ȷ˿׵˵Ҫһͳ磬Ǿøܵģ
Ȼ˵ΪţǿһоǾˮл
һ룬ҪʵǼǲܵ飡
û뵽̶̲һĹʹһѾ˼ҵƿ֮ˡ
񷨱Ȱܹվӭǣ͵Ѿ飡  ײ֪ȰڸһѾǳΪ׵ˣ  Ȱ¿ſײѪʣݿɽ̻ҪҪλȻѾˣҿûбҪ߼ĵˣ
ãȽȥɣҲһȥײ
⡭λǣ
Ȱ¸ʶˣ˵ʵȥҲһ㣡  񿴵ײ˵ӣοһȻʹһˣҲЩƵʵ
-˹£ѪδĻߣλʹһμˣϵǳ
ײŷȰ³ֻҪ׳ϹϵģȰ¶һɷа
ԭѪδĻߺѣȻǿһȥ߰ɣ
Ȱ³Ž̻ʸۡķ˹ȥֻʱܶʹһ˶ָָ㣡
ȻڴѶݿɽ̻Ȼǻ  ͻȻֵĶʹһѪˣҲʹһЩƣ  Ҫ֪Ǹ忪սˣҲıȽϵˡ
ȻѪ֮˺Ͷʹһ֮ˣȻҲüͷ
ֻǿŷȰ³ϾȻԳӭӣҲں治ϵĲ²ţ




1350·Ȩ
 

ʹһ֮Уյһ𾪵ĿŸҡڵĳŽ̻ʸۡ˹ȥ  ǡǲǸСôᡭ
ݣĿǰûʸȥû뵽μһ۵׽縺ˣȻȥˣ  һԵǿŷյ״ˣ֮ǰǰ˵𣿸ͽܰ
СӣǺð
Ҳһ̾ʵû뵽Ȼֱܹ
Цŵ״ˣҵǾǺ°Ͼμˡܹʲôɾ͵ĻҲֻṮμʹһĵλ
һԵɭҲһĽ˵ǰһе㿴Сӣû뵽СӾȻ
ˣɭԺעһԼˣȿ˵ɡ
յҲЩڴ⸥ܹԼļϵٹˡ
̻ʸۡ  ˶ǵȴŶʹһѪǰ
׵룬ܹγΪһĻô⽫ǰ޹˵ģ
ݿ֪׵ҰģҲ֪Ҫʲô  ʹһ𣿾Բǣ  ҪĲʹһ壬Ҫ磡
⿴ңɼ룬Ȼ֮ʵһ룬ݿԼҲǶײһ  һ˵ˣκһŮ˶ջġ
ֻǶݿɻǶȣʵֻǱһֺ̬ȣ  ˵ҪŮ˵Ļ׵лҲֻܹܻƤ۾ˣ
ѪʿײʥŮݵ
ſڣѾ˺˳˵֣ǽ̻ʸۡĹĻǲκ˵Ľƣ

ײȻҲ׵ˣ»Ҫõġ
ףֻĹһ£ѾһԵɶͿ׵𾪲ˣ  ׿ſײЦŵɣ캰ǹ½ǣ
ѪʡȣݿɣݿɿҲ΢΢һЦ
ײݿЦŵϲݿʥŮΪһʹһĽ̻ʰ
Ҳǹϲǰݿɽ̻ƣϣԺܹǶʹһƽദ
ݿɵͷȻսңҲìܲϣʵܺĶǵˡ飬֪λ
ϣĻûֱ˵˵
׵ôֱף  һԵĿײҲЦŵҲûҿɲϣԺ󻹻֮ǰΣѪʹһҲǹϵǡ
ݿɰڰֵλģȻ˵ˣȻƶӦķοһλҲ˼滹˵˵ɡ
ЦŵʵղѾݿɽ̻ʵˣļܹ䣬ڽ̲ȨṹҪһЩı䣡ƾٿײΪڽ̲
ң
ײһ̾Ŀףڽ̲Ǹʲôģ̫ˣ
ʵʹһܹ֯ĺİҲȨĺģ
һҪ׵Ļ˵ʵݿɸܵ˽̻ʵġ
ͬ⣡
Ȱ²ֱӵͷ
׵ٺɶûü˵ŷȰµӣҲһȦ
ԭǿĵӦþǷȰˣһﾹȻһͬˣ
׵ٺɶŷȰµӣҲͬĵͷҲû
ݿɿЦŵȻ˵ĻǾôˣʣµİ˸ִϵλá
Ȱ¡׵١ɶλѾûκεġЦŵ
ݿҲǵͷȻûģʣµλ
ݿɿףƺ׵  ЦŵɣһȻʹһƼһ͸ΣʣµһݿӦҲҪƼ˰ɣ
ȺͶʹһûɡ͸˭׵ЩƵĿʵ
ҵͽܣʶǲġҲǴصģһھءָָ͸Цŵ
Ľ룬Ѫλñסˣҿײڻڽ̲һ룡  ԭͽܣǡû׵Ҳǳ׵ˡ
˭ܸɶأ
ݿɵͷȻ˾ôɣһҾƼޱɣʵˣ
׺ݿɵϿ֮ʹһȨܹѾµˣ  ֻڵĸһĿɿڴһ仰û˵Ϊ֪ԼӦ˵ʲôˣ




1351Ϲߵıأ
 

̻ʸۡ  ˵ĵģǿ¾Ҫڸ˰ɣ  ڸ˵ܹڽֱ̲ǿЦ  Լ峤˷գҲǿǿղŻ쵽һڽ̲ϯλ  ǵڽ̲һϯλִϵݳֱֲ֣̫
˿̣ݿɽ̻ʺ׵İ壡
һЩеĶѾǳ׵Ķ׵ٵûеõʲô̫ĺô  ȻˣԼʵҲ֪ݿɽ̻ӦЩɵȰ£Բûи̫Ȩ
ټҪѪͶʹһ壬кܶ鶼Ҫȥƽġ
ڵĿ׵ֻһǾǸܹ
ܹһĻôжǸˡ
ûʲôΪЩɶǸҩġ
ǽԴϲɣ
ôʵҲΪ˹ʹһһͳڶ˵ʹһǰƽһˣ
̻ʴˡ
ɶ˿ְλûκεı仯ݿڸ߸ϣҲһĿģ  ˵ʵɶǰɪ̻ʵţ  ֮ǰҪϽ̻֮λʼոоô£
ǰݿɣо˳۶ˣ
ɶ壬ûʲôˣҲͲҪҿˣԭһ֮ǰҪģûңһҪʲô鷳ɾͲˣ
ݿɿɶȻڹΪ̻ʣ˵仹ôĶţ
ɶһԼɪ̻ʻڵĻһĻһܿĵģ
ˣɶ壬Ҹ׵Ļһû뵽괫Ҹʧ֮ǰǸһģս˹ؼʱڣô᣿
ݿɿɶʵ
⡭
ɶЩɣΪѾȥˣƺһֱԸἰ  ɶ壬ȻϽ̻ʹһĽ̻ʣҸޱĸװݿɿɶ
һԵĿ׵Ҳǳɶϣǽ̻ʻЩҲġ֮ǰûн̻ʼλǺܺõġݿɽ̻ѾλϽ̻ʵ䣬ɡ
ɶ壬֪˵϶ΪҸ׸ʲôϣɶҲŮġ
ݿЩ֮飬֮˵
ʵǿԿĳɶ˵ǣбضʲô¡
̻ʴˣˣɶݿѾЩ鼤վҲ̾һ
£׿ɶЩ˸Χ˳
һ˵ȳ˹ȥֳ׺ݿɻаޱ֮⣬ֻʣɶһˣ
Ȼǣ̻ʼ飬ôڳԵΪˣ  糱ˮһȥɶҲǷ˴ˡ
ɶݿɵ̻ʴˣҲ˵ʵǹϵش󰡣
ϵشʲô˼
ݿɿɶʵԼĸ׵ûݿҪ֪ġ
һԵİޱɶɶ壬͸ǰɣǵĸ׵ôˣû˵Ļʬʲôطأ
ʬ嶼ûп  ǰޱݿ޷ܵһʵ  ɶ̾һɪϽ̻ʵûһǲ֪̻ʴ˵õϢ˵ĳصıء
ĳ򣿣ĸ򣿡
ݿɶ˵Լĸ׾ȻпûҲһʵ
˵ʵʲôҲ֪ҵϽ̻ôһ죬˵׽Ĵһڣ
ɶݿҲʵʵ˵
׽磿⡭ô׽أ⵽ʲôذ
ݿû뵽ɶȻֻ˵ôһǵĻ־꣬ȻûȻˡ
̻ʴˣľͲ֪ˡ˵Ϲʱ׻ߵı治֪
ɶһۣ˵Լܣ  üͷ׻ߣϹʱڣǴõϢϹʱڵıأô֪أ
궫սϢʵ̫̫ˡɪ̻ȻȫţϢȴɪ̻ʵȤ
ɶҲǳ̹ϣҲ˵ѾȥˣǵݿɵǻĻʵҲݿɵġ
ֻΪ׻ˣʵЩǵģ
ô˵ҸпܻţݿЩʵ
뿪ʱɪ̻ûκε⡣ֻȥ꣬ҡɶ̾һ
ôҸһ˿ŵϣҶġҾɳѰҸ׵䡭
ݿɼ˵Ϊɪ̻谮ŮݿɶԼ׵ĸҲû˵ġ




1352²˼Ľ̻
 

ʹһ̻ʸۡ
׿ݿݿɣոȽ̻֮λ鲻ɲ֮
Լǰ̻ʴˣʱ뿪̻ʸۡһҪǳʲôĻʹһոսĴƾͳ׵ķֱ˰
ɶҲһǵĿݿɣݿɽ̻ǾԲܹߵġ
̻ʣڲȥҿȥʵǲҪȻȥȥɣ
ޱʮʵԼ׵İΣҲǷǳĹ  վҲǺ  ɶͷҪȥĻҺͰޱȥͿˣ̻ʴǧܳ嶯
ݿɵɫЩѿҸ׻ţ˼һϣԼŮܹǰȥġ
ԴɪϽ̻֮ʵһҲҪǰȥԮġǸʱڽ̲ڽ̻ʴҪԼ̣ǸʱĻ¡
ɶΪɪ̻֮󣬺ܿݿɾͻ̳н̻֮λ
ǵɪ̻ߵĺܼƺԼ϶ǿԻġ
ԺܶûнҲ˽ľ棡  ɪ̻ܹź֮ڳĻҲڸӣ
ݿΪʲôʵϻΪɪ̻ʵͻȻʧ  Ҫݿɴ̻Ļµ÷¡Ͷնɱˣ
ݿԥ˰֮Ƶ˵ޱ¹شʵزصνǵõ˱أȫԼҪġ
ǰɪ̻ʵҲΪ˶ɽٷ룬ԲȻȻ׼ǰǱߵġɶ
׿˵ݿɣ㸸׵ҰѰҰɣҶҲȤϹʱڣǺǣҵҪ֪ΪʲôϹʱڵıػǸط
ȥΣذɪ̻ʵѾǴﵽʮˮ׼ʧꡭ
ɶ׳ʵ֮ǰԸ˵һΪʵ̫Σˡ
ɶȻô˵ȴЩڴ
Ϊʲôأ
Ϊ׻ˣɪ̻Ȼ֪˱صϢ׻ߵıأ֮˿ºѲ͸  Ͳһˣţа취Ҳ˵أ
ݿɵɴ۾׵⡭ôܹأոհҶý̻֮λҡ
ǺǣҲ㲻հɣ˵ˣΣգֲɵӣѲҿŻӻЦŵ
ɶݿɵ̻ʴˣҪȥһѰϽ̻ʵĻҾǺܺʵġⱦر׻ϹʱڵߵģΪ׻Ƶĳ֣İ취ӦñҪĶ࡭
Ҹһȥޱ׼æ
ãһԣװڰֵʵϰޱȥܸʲôأ
˵ԽʵԽõġ
˵ˣյ˸ʱǿԽĵסŵġ
ȴܹðޱ֪
ݿɿ׳ڿǿǰɣʵЩΣգɶ˵ģûΣյĻԼܹȥˣ
ɶҡҡͷʵһȥһΡ
ţɶ壬ʲôģݿɼæʵ
ѶҶûҵκεڣһɣνĺ֮Ҳһں棬Ҳп½֮ϣ
ɶݿɳ˵ʵԭΪԼһȥ϶ܹҵġ
ȥ˰죬ڴĺ˸飬ûзκεĿ֮  ɶɪ̻ʵԼ˵ǲģ  ֻ۷Ҳ˵  һѾ޴ӿ֤ˣ˿ǵϣƺҲѹ׵ϣ
⡭ɶ壬ǵ길ΪεˣŸǲƭġҾǵط϶ڸ˵ĵطֻһҲѣ
ݿɿɶҲЩе˵ȻƶΪԼĸ˵Ļġ
װڰֵ鲻ò²ˣʱȥ֪ˣϢĻȻǣûϢĻʱһø֪ͨǣ
ǡǾͷˡ
ݿɿף֮г˸м֮飡
ʵϣΪ̻ʵԼоЩ˼ˣʲô·˼ͷ
ѲԼʵǿӦ  ڵɾʵЩԲסףǾԼ飬ȻҲܹĵĽס
ݿɵд˿һ˵Ρ
Ǻǣ˵ǺϵЦŵ
ǵģԺ󵫷κε飬ʹһȻ岻ݴǣ
ݿɿ˵׵ĳŵҲ֮ǰ̸õ  ݿɽ̻仰Ҳ͹ˣһЩҩٿöʮ˷νˣֻϣܹһֱƽĹȥ
׿ݿɣյ  ҪƽҪϢҲҪһԵĺƽ  磬Ҫľһ˲Ž硣
ΪʲôҪһͳ׻磬Ҫھ˲Žɽ磬ȻҲ֪Īǿġ
ǼôʱԼɽҲǻǿܶġ
˿̣ʹһ룬վ㳡֮ϡ




1353¸
 

ôˣ
ǸҲǼ棬Ͼ֮ǰҲ׽һӣ
ȫ̼Ǹŵģ𿴸μļ𲻸ߣһ̬ȿǺõû˵  ׽һ˵ǷǳĹõģμĺܶȥ׽綼
ʵμҲǱȽĴڣȻʵǿ𲻸ߣɺܻӭ
ԭҪȥմкģߵѾ˹
ԼҵĴС㣬ҲЦŵС㣬Ҳ˰
ǰҸˣҵȻҲ˰˵Ǹ׻ǰҲʶͽܣ
ЩĿŸʵ
ЦŵǰɣСϢͨ
պɭŸ˹Ҳǰ󡭡
峤ˡ
ڷջǷǳصģϾСһֱμ塣
˵նЩҲǲˣҲûɶ峤زǣ
Ȼҡһ䣬Ϊڽִ̲ϣԼûӦԼأ
Ҫ˵Щʵ׸ģԼû̫ĸо  Ǻǣ󣬸ղЩһȥɶţЦʵ
һԵɭŸЩˬ˵峤ˣλǰͽܰ˼Ҷûк峤ˣȴ
ɭʲô˼ɭʵ
ɭŸ˵μˣ׻ߵͽܣҲ㱨ʲô˼
ûԲ飬˵ˣ˼Ҫģʵǿô죿οһ˵ˣμҲһأ
ɭóһЩ֮ĵġ
ʵҲ֪һΪʲôἵʣΪɭϲС˾֪飡
ڿСԼôȺһܲԴװ  ɭһţˣҲû˵ˣ㲻Ҫˣ㻹μһӣ㻹Ҫ峤˵쵼
ɭ¡տɭԽ˵Խ񻰣Ҳǳ
峤ˣɭҪ˵ǷյѾǺֹ
ʵҲܹƵģڸνһˡ
ȻʹһĵλǺܸߣʶԺ϶ˮһġ
Цŵ󣬺㻹ɻɣ
ûС
󱻷ûͷûԵһ仰ʵЩ±ˡ
ЦŵǼҲûгɻ飬ҿҲǱȽϵİ䡣ҿôˡ
峤ˣҪС޸Ϊʲô
ɭһߣ˶ˣԼôܹ֪꣬أ
μ嶼֪ˣû뵽峤˾Ȼ㣡  ɭ黹ҪΪʲô𣿡ճ
ʵԼĿǵģ˵μδһУ
ŻѪʵϣμһܹɻڴѸٵ
Լϻǲˣһᣡ  ǾǸ󣡣  һϵǳʱʹһҲܹ˵ϻ  ֻҪԼŮ׵ĻʱμǻǸŷɻڴ  Ϊһ峤֪ʲôٹ⣬ΪϧԼŮ޸󣡣
һԵҲǱ׵ˣʹһ壬Щ߲ӵܵĻɵġ
˵νλɣȻˣҲֻǴȷѣ
֪Լĸ׿϶ǿ˸󱳺Ǹǰδ֨
ɭŸŭһڲμ׽縺˶ѣҿμľӢӣҪĸҴӦĻɲҪҡ
ɭвˣɭЦһʵ
ɭŸвô𣿾𣿡
ɭҲǱͷˣȻ˵һ  ɭЦһԭʵһҪǿ飬ϾҲ֪СǷѾ׹밮ӣһĲ֮ܶڡ
ǣɭѾճʵ
ǸϽҡҡͷûûУ֪ɭϲңҲûдӦ׷󣬸״ˡ
СҲϲ㣬ǼȻ˵Ļ峤ҴӦ飡
㡭ɭŸŭһ
Ǻǣһ飬Ȼֻμ׽縺ˣɾڸոһµְʹһڽִ̲ϡ
ɭ˺ѷεӣҲǴһ˿Ĳм  һԺĻʵҪֶ飬һʵ̫֪Ȥˡ




1354½
 

Ļ÷յһסˣ
ڽִ̲ϣôأ  Ҫ֪ڽִ̲ϣǿɶ쵱
˵ģ˵֮ǰǼλһʹһ׹Ĵ  Ȱ¡׵١ˡɶ
һʮǿߣҪǵǷǳġ
ڸ˵Ϊڽִ̲ϣǵλǳȻĴڰ  㡭˵ʲôڽִ̲ϣţˣΪһǸЦҲվӿԼʲôʵҶ硭
ɭΪ׼ʹʵμҲǰμĴˡ
ϾɭʮͷܹﵽֲΣˡ
긥ոʶ׵ʱ򣬲ʹڶѣ  Ѿǿ뵽ʮʹĲˣֻɭʵѣ
ûдﵽҶѾʮʹУҪ˵ˣҸҪⴵţ
ĲмȻԼҲԼΪڽִ̲϶о𾪲ѡ
ڵģھˣˣҲִϣ
˵һ죬Ϊʹһĸ߲  ƽʱ붼飬ѾΪʵѵֵø˵
տŸԽԽϲ
˵ĻôμҲʷϵһλΪڽִ̲ϵ
ǹҫ鰡ҪԼŮļ޸˸ĻǶμ˵ǶǸ˰
һִϣھǰ¶ͺռͰ˹ĵϵҲǺԥɣ  ϣɭһúôģû뵽Ȼð
һ̬תҲʵһٰʮȰڿŸһ˿ġ
ŷյӣЦһ峤ˣǰҵ峤ҵ峤Ժһֱҵ峤˿Զҿá˵ˣĺǳ׵ĻԺҵĸװ
˵ҲǣֻΪڽ̲ĳ顭
ԭǿ˸׵Ĺϵһˣ⸥ҪǳΪϵĻĵλҲˮǴ߰  ļٵİڽִ̲ϣôôʵأѾĿɿڴ  ЩεЦŵȷЩʵղŽ̻ʴѾˡźܿͻİɣ
ߣԭûжɭ˵
ʵһμҲĹΪŮˣ˷磡  ڼ֮Ѿȼյȫʵǲһƹ׽ôôĺأ
󡭡
ɭδʱѾǴӽ̻ʸۡ˳ˣ  ʦʦ
Ҳ֪Ӧôˣ֮ǰҲ˵Լ˵ͽܡ
Ҳźһʦ⺰˲ʵҲôˡ
ԺҪͬʹһ壬ȻѾΪڽִ̲ϣʵҲ̫ˡЩҩʮʵˣϣúŬ
׵ݸ˸һЩҩȵһԵķҲһĽ  յ˿׵ǰҪˣ
峤ǵҲЩԵ֡׿ŷҲЦŵ
̵ǰҡѾǼ޸ˡ
һô˵ҲЩ˼Ŀ׵Ǹҡ
ŶǺ°˫ϲ˰ΪʦҲûʲô͸ģɣɽ͸Ϊ»֮ɣ
׵Уһֶʵķɽȥʮ㣡
ƷɽҪ֪ɽʹһҲǹ
ʹһ壬ҲҲΪ׻磬ҲǼֵǵԴ
ʥ
ӵɵϴʵǿеʥ׻߿еһ  ȻˣʹһҲһЩʥǵļַʵû׻ôĳ졣
ҲˣʹһĹ壬ʵ϶ӵһ׻Ϊҫʱ  Ҳ֪׻սУҲ˵ġ
лʦлʦ
һĿף֪׸ˡ
˵ʵʲôף׽ôһ˿˿Ĺ֮⣬ûκεĹף
׻رǿʮ򱶰
ȻǩѪȫָܲ߸ϵĸооԼ׵ĵһ㣡
׵ȥıӰĿоһ˿⡭




1355²
 

ĳ
ֻһ˴ǰǱ̽һȥ
һߣû뵽ջ񣡣
Ϲߵıأ
Щ֣Ϲߵıôطأ  Ҫ֪׻ԣ
ǵʲôıܹʹһ̻أ
Ȼϧڶ翪սʱڣܹȥѰıأԼĽ̻֮λûüУ
˵ʲô˵˵һûԤϵл˵Σգ  ڶ㣬ԼҲûϵԼһȥ  пѾǱ֮أ׵ȤԽԽŨˡ
Ϲʱں粻ͬʵϹʱڵĴĶ࣬кܶɽ綼Ѿ൱Ĵڣ
˵мλѾǳˣ
˲żüõϹʱµĹ屦Ƕջ֮ڣ
Ҳ֪ϹʱڵıصĿʵ󣬻Ǳ˶׫Ҳ˵
ȻˣѨδ
ıҲ˵ʱȥһ֪̽  ֻǵ׻ص׽ʱֻѾǱһѵϢδһ㣡
ϵĵ绰շŵĵ绰ϵĵ绰ԼͶĵ绰  һϵеĵ绰ֱ׶֪Ӧô˭ˣ  ˼һ£ǾȴϣϾһֱԹΪصģ
ԼҲ֪Լ׽ʱ̫ʱˡ
Ҳٹ꣬Լ϶Ҫ׼ɽˡ
ȻˣԼķкܶʱ䣬ĵʱһͷ׽ˡ
뿪׽֮ǰԼܹȻҲǾΪȥ
ϣͨԼ׻Ƹһǿһɡ
Ͼ׻ƣϣԼܹͬڰŽ֮У  Сְǽӵ绰˰
Ǳһ绰ʹ˹ƺȥȽϵż
ϣȥŷţ绰ûдϣʲô𣿡ʵ
СְԭǲӦ鷳ġ·ĪһѲˣ˶ûа취ˡֻܹԿûа취
֮ǰҪ绰ţѾ˾̫幬ѹҲܽӵ绰ġ
ûа취Ŵ׵ĵ绰׵ĵ绰Ҳһֱ޷ͨ״̬  ֪ˣ
ѣż̸ϻȥ׳
ţ˾ھǵ286ҽԺأֱӸҴ绰ߵҽɶǻص˰ҡ
Щ˵Ȼ˵ĹϵӦǷͬһġ
ϣǸʲôİϸ˵˵ʵ
ҵһѣʵ֮ǰһֱǴһЩйġĵ˵ɣ绰Ҳ㣡ڲ飬һΪоһЩ۵˰Ŀһֱֵģȱҵʧ޷
ϵ쳣ĵͳȻѣҲǷǳ⡣
Ǵ飬ǴڶԹҵҪϵ˶ϣһõĽ
ĿǰõҽԺоЩΪˣһЩרҶоûת
ѵ£ϲŽ绰ף  ׳̻ȥɣϣܹڼּ֡
̾һҲҪעⰲȫڹ⣬Щ鼱ҲǼġ
ϲ֪ǣֻҪĻǱҲǷַӵ飡
ֻҲҪ̫ྪ׶ѣҪȻĻͿԻȥˡ
ϵĵ绰ֽ绰շᡣ
շԵü򵥶ˣֻ˵⼸ӦùϷģȴһֱϵᣬҪװæܲϵᡣ
ڼЩеģȻܵSCʡĳ˾ȥϰȥˡ
Ϊһ֦ϣǱЩӬЩ䷳ߣ  ױ⼸绰ŪЩЦãϵĵ绰ҲʱӦðϸŪ̫幬ˡ
ҪȻĻ椿¶Щϲˣ
Ī̵˶Ѿǵ˷ıԵֻпգһ￪ʼˡ
׽Լĵ绰˼ңһθӵоЩЦá
ԼϵﾹȻҪԼŮѻȥԭԼĴ˵ԼŮˡ
ûа취Լϵǿѹ£Ҳֻ˵ٹһӿ϶Ůȥɶġ
ǵкãʼʲôʱܹˣ
һͨͷĵ绰֮׳Żķ򼲳۶ȥ




1356VIPͨ
 

ǹʻ  ׵ﾩǵʱѾǵڶʮ֣  ǵգһƬɵľ  ׸оһ˿ƣ  ׻˵Ϥ˲ܹϤĴˡ
ֻ׻ûмصһʲôĳ̶ȣ  ҲЩĿĵĸо  ҪǻĶӻ֮Уǵôһʹడ
˵ĿǰΪҪĻȥǱߡ
ŶӵȺֱӴһֻмŵͨͷȥ  ãVIPͨʾĻƱ
һԱסףΪVIPͨǻרдõġ
һ˵ֻзɻͷȲաûһЩȺܹʹõͨ
ΪżҪͽһߣû뵽ԼȻûʸ
ҵĻƱ
׽ԼĻƱݸλĹԱ
ĹԱ˿΢΢ҡͷԲǱŶӣͨлл
ɻĴȽϵ٣֮ǰɻ϶ǲôżġ
û߹ʲôVIPͨΪߣ  ǽ죬ΪѰ˼Ҫȥ286ҽԺϣѰ˼ܹһͿһ㣡  ԭѾǵˣҺǱ߱Ƚϵż
ҵĻƱа˼м£ҪȻܲͨһ£׿ǸԱЦʵ
ʵй涨ߵġ
λԱԵЩΪѣƺҲ׿ţ
˧磬ͰæһסԺҸմӹϻǱŶӹƻҪСʱʱ䣬鷳˰
׵̬ȵǲŶСѾЩԥЦż
ǺðɣһΣ²ΪŶ
ǸڵС￴ףҲΪͨ
ʵΪһĵԱЩʱڲæµ£ҲǻһЩԼжϵġ
˵ϣ˼Ҵӹϻ
ڵڵС￴ӦǺܲģҲһֻ۱һֻˡ
ллŮ׳С΢΢һЦȻ׼뿪ߣ  ˵ô°һΪʲôVIPͻأԭǸͨյ˰ƾʲôVIPͨ߰
һ̶׵ߴһԵǸСһҲЩɫͨ죡
˵ˣȥʮͷǿ˵ҲԵΪư
һƵӣЦ  ԲΪм£ԡ
ڵС￴ǰλƱ˵ӣҲ¶һ˿ǸЦݡ
ʵԼҲ֪˽ԷVIPͨΥ˹涨ġ
Ҫ˵飬һǲƽϵģû뵽׺Ǹ˾һǳϲƽϵˡ
ӽǾǺպӪҵϼŵĸܲã
ϼһҵϼҲŰٷ֮ʮĹɷݵġ
ԣҵľʲҲǳʮڣĿһȻȻγɵġ
ŵڵСʲô֣
Բҡ֪Υ˹涨
ǸŮɫЩ̫ÿΪóƺЩҪΪԼӣ
ԭѾǳͨǱ˹ȥǵʱͣ  ŮΪԼűһģȻҲܹӲܣ
㻹֪Υ涨ֵǲϧϧŵЩµӣҲЦһ
ЩĿԲҪȻɣڸ뿪ô
ڸҰһ˷ҵʱô㰡ǸЦһͨյվǰôʱ䣬Ǻ޳ܰ
ʵVIPͨ˲࣬Ȼһĳ˿ͷǳࡣ
ǱϾVIPͻǷǳģΪVIPͻȽϵϿ  ɻͷȲϿһˣϾͷȲVIPͨʵϻġ
ҪǷǰĻǱǻVIPͻʸߵġ
ǡôźأѾˡ
Ҳһ˿˿Ľ֮ɫ
ôҲû뵽ԼȻôѲĿˣҪ֪ӦƸҲһʱ䡣
ΪVIPͻ浽Լ쵼ǱߵĻ붼룬Լ϶ǵùġ
һǱȥŶӣȻҳԶٷһãǿԷˣ
ΪĲθ涼ǷŮı׼
ҲĿ¶а⣬ʼϲϵĴš
оһίҪޣˮۿ֮Уʼûе
üͷӺ˳˿С㣬ôһɻɣ
ң˵İСӣװβǰɣ
û뵽һﾹȻұQԼ
һӣŭ𱻳׵ĵȼˡ




1357°
 

ǹʻ  ׵ŭˣһСȻҸԼװβǣ
Ҫ֪Ƕ٣Сһͨգţȥ
һΪˣݵģһ㣬ͨˣȴܹǸ߸ϵĵһ㣡  ˵еԸѣҲûа취飡  ܶǮҲӵģǿǲģֻΧűǮģ߱Ȩˣ
״ͨͨͨգôһأ  Щʱ򣬳⣬ûҲҵһԼţƣ  ɵȱһ㲻żô߰۸һСʲô£
׿û˵ʵЩᷳ
ҪΪԼľٶܻһλĵСڴ鷳Ļ
Ѿ뿪ˣ  ʲô£㿴ʲô£ǰɣϴ绰ǵ쵼
ŭһΨһ뷨ó  æҴˣҴ˻ˣҪһʶòã
һʶΪǸʲôҽ컹ҪһʶţҵҪӲУװĹ󣡡
΢΢ҡͷ
һʱ䣬VIPͨѾһЩȺڹ
˾ǲҪҲѾˡ
Щ΢΢ǰʵûƷ
Լ˼λˣ߲
ǸʱĻҲĥĥˣڿѹҲʱ䡣
ⲻǰҪҲ
ô°
һӼҴҵĳ˹ȥɫĺܡ
ܣҡһԼܹˣҲЩҿܵɫ
ô£ôôܳ
Ҫ֪VIPܹͨߵˣǿɶͷﰡ
һ£VIPͨǲӦóģϾܹߵˣһʶǺܲġ
û뵽ܸղѲʱ򣬷طȻ˳ͻ
ææĸ˹Ҫ浽׷ʲô飿  ǰɣҸ㣬ǻ첻һҽһҪǸ߲Ͷǣ
ǵˣ֪˿϶ҲҰִ
ܿλôƺһ֪׷ʲô飬ҪȻȥVIPӴȥɣ
Ӵң˵ȥȥҸ㣬߸ҽ⣡ˣҲ׷ҪǽҲĻǶԲˣǽͳͳҪҹ
ԽԽʢԽԽûе
оԼʵ̫ùˣԼһκ£û뵽ȻӵĽ֣  ܵĽɣܿӣ̬ʼһ
ԽôţģоԼԽǲܹﰡ
Ϊ˿϶еģڼVIPͻݣ˵ˡ
Ů˸ҿˣʲôһͨյҲܹVIPͨǻVIPͨǸЩߵģЩVIPͻԺǸЩһˣ
ʲôΪԼVIPͻ͸һˣ
ǣ㿴һȥͲǸöʲô⣡
ԼǮקĸƵãúǼһ
ͨյΪʲôͲVIPͨˣ
һΧ֮ҲȺ鼤ܣΪ˳ޣһܴĳޣ
ԼΧЩͨŶӵ˿  һԵ˷ǳĲˬϾǶͨյˣôı˿ˣúܶ˱ʾˬ
Խ˲ˬҲǸоԼǳţ
ô°ԼҲ֪ԼѰģ  ֻаŭԼˣô£
ΪĹԱȻͷΥĹ涨
Ѳ֪VIPͨǸVIPߵ  Ȼ˽Եͨյߣⲻì
죬Űܰ齲һ飬ȻλҽԺǸϻģȽϵżҡ
ҲܹΥ涨Ҫÿ˶ˣܳ
Բ𣬰ܣ֪Լˣϴ̬ȷǳĲ
ֻ⣬ЦһǰɣȻѾǳϴˣ㻹ڵʲôѲҪǻĸ߲Ͷ߲ɣ




1358ʧ
 

Բһƴ
ۿһŮԼ鷳
µľǱ˸Լ鷳һҪԼȥ
ֳֺõ飬˭Ըȥأ
ŰܵƴǺðеʱ䣬ҵҪô
ˣŰܴϡ࣬Ҳŭˣ
ʵŭĲһԵףֻûط
Ŀ׼޹İ
ʵֻͬһʱĶѣû뵽ôصĺ  ⡭
ҲЩΪѣΪһ˲Լ˵ġ
ŰΪѵӣЦһȥǹ˾Ĺ˴󶫸Һ
ˡܣ
һ㶣˴ǿǾǹʺյĸܲãλȨذ
ôҲû뵽ǰһﾹȻʶǵĸܲã˴󶫣  Űһ㵵ı飬ҲǺԼ˵˴ֵЧ
ôѲҪԼ绰ɣʵ
⡭λǡܴ˿̲ݡ
ƺȴһ̺ܾˣŰܵһƬԴ绰ǹ˰ɣǺѣ
ܿеƬʿˮϼŸܲãϼŵĸܲã
ϼţͷӪҵ֮һ˵ʲǧڣʲҲǴﵽİ֮࣡
ʵۺĳҵôҲû뵽˵ͷȻôĴ
Ը˴󶫸ܲô绰ɡ
Ƶͳֻڱ˿ѣ
ܸϽܣôܹͷأ֪ʶܵĻ
û˵꣬ܵĵ绰ѾǴͨˣ  ãǻڵСװܵЩģͷ˵
ʲô飿˴󶫴˿ڰ칫ڣżڲĶ̺ţҲǽ
ġ
ܿʼҪİһ顣
˴󶫳̹
ûã˴󶫵Ӱͳ˻ͨߣ˴󶫿ȥʮ£ͷߣǷǳľ񣡣
ܰþò
һ˴󶫣Ѿ˸ղһֺǴһ˿Цݡ
ѽѽܰǺþòҸղС˵ˣᰡ
˴󶫿Ҳ΢΢һЦ
Ź˴󶫵ܣ֮ĹϵҪ˵ʵԭҲҪµģСʵ̫·ˡŮľȻһ㶼ҵӣҺ
Υ˹涨˴󶫿ʵ
Բܣҡֻǡ
˿һƬĻҰ֪ԼǱ˵Ķ֡
κεĽͣȥôΪԼΥ˴󣡣  ֻʲôҪ𣿴˾ǴˣĹ涨㲻֪˴󶫳
׿ӣЦһ涨ģǻġСˣѲɲ𣿡
Ȼԣ涨ǹ涨ΥԺô˴󶫵ƸǸܾͲһˡ
Ǻǣô簡ΪʶΥ˵Ļ֪ôأ
׿Ź˴ЦһҲ̫Լˡ
˴󶫵һϧûҲ˵㡣㲻VIPͻǾͱҪͨգǰɣʽ֪ͨ㣬㱻ˣһԼǱȥɡ
ܣҴˣ֪ˣȻ֪һı
Ҫ֪ԼΪǻ˺ôȫҲָԼĹء
ҪʧȥĹȻÿʵ࣡  ˹˴󶫵Ļ׻һ㣡  ˵ûǰɣҪ˵һ飿˴󶫿
ôĹС㣬ȻǿǾͿ£Ҳֻһֹɣ׿
ҡ
֪Ӧ˵ʲôҲ֪ܹ˼ף
׿˿˴󶫵ΪʶˣҾͲʶ̫һЩһСﱻ۸ӣҴ۽簡
Ҿ۸ôΣײм˵ϽǱŶȥС
飡
ֱһŽ߷ڵأһʵЩ̫θڣ
ſڵϣһԵĹ˴󶫵µˣ
Цһһﻹ̫ǷһЩ׸оԼСһٶԲŵľͷ
ͻȻ֣Ҳסˡ
һʵǲ·ư




1359ҵ֤
 

ǹʻ  ˴󶫵ôҲû뵽˵ĺúõľȻֱӾͶˡ
ף
һһȥѪȥǳˣ  ˴סˣסһԵҲסˣ
˷ӦʱѾǼæ׵ְһʿɾͲһ˰
Ҫ֣СʵЩ̫Ƿ˰ʼ
һ£  һҵںܶ˵жǷ  ֻһΧ۵Ҳ֪ǿҲǲĴڡ
˼һˣǶǻĸܲð˼ôȰ
жĥ˼ҶСӲͶ𣿶Ǹɴ䣡  ˸оһĳ죬ֹۿ˵͵ļһǺܶĶ
ȻЩƽʱҸоǳã
˴ָŭһ㡭ȻǻִˣһVIPͻҵҪжı£ܸϽ绰б
ǣȥ
Ҳʿˮ֮ǰΪСûʲôƢ  û뵽Ƣʵ̫̫ˣ
һҪǴԼϣԼһʲôأ
ڵϣڵЩԼûôˡ
৵һȳ氡
Ҷŵ˫һԼʶһԼ쵼
ԼⲻԼ쵼Ҫŭ˵ĻԺԼô찡
ڹ˴󶫵УʵѾǱǸˡ
Ź˴󶫻ðɵı飬ֻҪ龡ƽϢˡ
⹤ҪҲĻʱǿԼ
һ֮߰˸ѾǰΧˮйͨ˿׿Ź˴Цһǰɣ̸ܲܵһ̸
ߣ̸һ̸Ϊ˭ҵ̸͵̸
˴ҲǱղǻһŸŪˣСҪĸԼôһµĻԼ°뱲ӶҪˡ
׳Ź˴΢΢һЦСʶǰɣҲʶ㣡ϣܹԼһᣬ㲻ڵģ
㡭㵽˭˴󶫵Щɡ
ʵλȥλȨأʵ˼ǮȨʲôأ
Ǹʲôطһשȥüĵط
ֵطܹ͵  ǰСһӣҲЩ飡
˼Ҵ٣Ȼôĵݣ˴ܹأ  ֪˭ﲻ̫˵ҪȻȥǱ̸̸
׿Ź˴󶫣óһ֤Ȼڹ˴󶫵ǰһۣ
áðɡ
˴һصˣҲһС΢ˣȻղԴǵҪʵȫǲҪ  һԱ˵ʲôأ
ֻڿ˵лˣһŪͷģоԼеˣ  ĳ棬˴󶫾ôףҲһӣ
Ͼղ׵һţʵЩװ
ܣϣҵܹܣҵ֤
ͳԼ֤ȻдŶǽ⼸֣
˴󶫽ӹ׵ľ֤֮ĵһӦһͰ֤Ū˵ϡ
ǽ⡭⿪ʲôЦ
˴ҲһųʶˣȻ֪ôΪǽֱǲܡ
֤ϵжȥĻҪ棡  ˴󶫿Զһӳ˳ӳһ£
ӳ֮ǰҲǲӵһڹ˴󶫿ӦϤ֤ġ
֤ĻǼٵģʵһͿˣ
׿Ź˴󶫵ܣǻҵˣҸ㣬нʮ֮ϣҿ뿪ߣ
áúúãֽʵǲ˼ҲҪݣֻǱءҪ֤һ£
˴󶫽͵ʵͲһʲôǽ
û֤Ҳ֪˵ĻǼٵġ
׻Ǵһص̬ȣϽ̬ȵķתʵ̫ˡ
ˣǹ˴󶫵׼򣡣
ӳһ·СܵĹˣŹ˴󶫵ܣң
ӳǰǵİɣ֪ʶʶ֤˴󶫰֤ݸӳ
ӳ΢΢һЦǰڲӵʱһʼվڷڵģ֤ն֪˶٣ҿ֪ļٵˣ
ӳΪŵ˵׵֤յʱҲ±ˣ  ǸˣûʲôʣϾͿȥҲࡣ
û뵽һۿľȻǡǽĸ֡
ӳʿˮɫһӽ




1360¡ˡݣ
 

ڴĳ棡  ˴󶫿ӳǾ㵵ı飬ҲΪƣ⵽ǲѾҲʹ컰
Ͳģ  ôĽôܣԼҲû˵Ľġ
һȷĻСӿɾҪùˡ
Ǵϼŵĸܲãü֤ˣ⵽ʱɲġ
ŪýȥʮҲпܵģ
˴ڵãΪһõĺ
֮ǰӳôţ˵ԼⶫԲ۵ģڿӣ˴ҲЩˡ
˵ӳ㲻˵о𣿡˴󶫳ʵ
ӳһķⶫģ԰ٷ֮ٵȷġ
Ȼ뿪˾кüʱˣⶫԲῴ۵ġ
˴һҲдŷǳĹǵİ
ϾҲûпôĽȥŶʮͷӣⲻò˸оһɻˡ
ӳЩͰ͵˵ˡܣ⡭֤񡭡
⣿˴󶫿ӳǽͰ͵ӣΪⶫġ
ǣû⣡
ӳĻԭ׼ŭĹ˴һЩϢˡ
⡭ģôܣ˴һԼﻰ˵˳
׿Ź˴Цһ𣿿һ£
ֽ֡ҡǻȷһݰϾղ߶ִˣ˵ҲȽϵ⣡һȷݣ̷У
˴Ҳһҧһŵ˵ģԼпܱСӸˣˡ
һӳأϾѾھкܶˡ
ڿƼôԼʵ̫̫ˣɲұ֤ġ
ңбʹɵ㣡  ҪСǽĻVIPͨǲǰ϶  ΪʲôҪͨĻƱȥأԼأ
ʵϣ֮ǰǲȷǷܹͨ
ΪνVIPͨĹͲ˽⣬óҪǹȥЦˣ
ڵһˣݿٵĴס
ҪǸŲߵĻҲڷչһֿ̧˿ֱ
鷢ѾȥʮӵʱˣĳĻ˿ǳԲ˶ˡ
ȷҿûôʱƴڻһнҪִУһʲô⣬ҿºܹܵġ
׿Ź˴
˴пһ£ⲻһһһģǳԲ˶߰
ϢѾժ¼С֮˵
ҪʲôĻõʱʰСҲٰ
ӳŹ˴ҲǳǡʲôܣֽҪĻҾûǲҪֽźð
˴һջ𣬿ȴΪ  Ϊжϳ˵ʲô·ҪǵʲôĻҲ޿κεġ
˴̽ԵĿʵֽҪȻвУ֤ߣʲôȥΣҪȻˣǻҲûа취
׿Ź˴ ȻҲ֪һʲô˼  ν˵УȻҪžŰɣҪʲôĻǿɹֲ˰
úúãֽߣ˴󶫳
׿Ź˴󶫵ӣҲǵҵҪܵģòҪ֤ϣܹĻң
˵꣬˵ķ˹ȥ  ˴󶫺ӳȥӣ˴󶫵ӳ⵽ǲİСʲô
˵֤ܰӦģȴھôҲûôĽ
ӳԥ־ģ־øġ
ìܵһʱҲԥ
ˣСӿɣвޣҼǵܼҵһʲôݺھаɣʱæɡ
˴󶫱߱ߵĶһԵӳ
ǹܣղֽ˵ݱܵİҪǱ¶˵ĻǿǳԲ˶ߵ鰡
ӳ֮ǰǵĳȻ֪ϸܵĹ涨  ˴ȴЩΪȻ˵㻹ΪʲôҹƵĲĻ֤ӦǸ߷µġôĽܹҿɲţ
ҲǰȰԸȥ˵ɡ
ӳҲ̾һܵļٵģ˼ǰǸס˲ǣ




1361·ŭ
 

黵˼㣬ʵЩ벻ͨΪʲôӣ  ǵֱһŰ߷ڵصʱƺ˺ܶࡣ
ΪһԵ׿ʼˡ
ϾԼΪ˷㣬˼ȴҲûӣôİԼ  ׵˹˿Ҳ֣  ɵ׵ʱ Ȼˣ
Ϊղǻһʵоһı
ҪһôһŵĻҪҽԺˡ
Ҫ֪ô  ʲôĶֻ֪Լû
ҪȻĻڿ϶һһ  С㣬ȻѾˣǾ͸߰ɣ׿
Ů׻ЩøеģŮͦġ
ģҲҪ̫࣡
˼ҵĹΪԼģȻҲø˼һùǣ
ҡҸߣ
仰ŪһԼǸʲôĶ֪͸ߣ  ˴󶫺ӳ˹׵µĻ߰ɣȷϺˣʱǻϵġ
ã֪ˣ׵ͷ͸оԼôʹĸ뿪ߣ  һйƽ̤ϳ⳵һ̣оԼЩԺġ
ڣ
ɫ൱ѿŹ˴󶫳ܣʲô˼СӴң㲻˵ץֱӾͷСˣ
ȥӴ˵ɣ
˴󶫺ӳаܵ˳ŽӴҵķ˹ȥ
һȺǱŷһҵƺڻס
ıӶˣЩһǷʰ  ˽ӴңҲƲסԼĵһǻŭЩʧص˵ܣӦ֪ҵʵģСӽңǿ϶ҪٱǧĻġôˣǲҪҸ㷭
ܣ𼤶𼤶ϹⲻҲûа취
˴󶫵ɫҲǷǳĲÿ׾ôˣǻĴ氡
ûа취˼ó֤ľΣԼ͵ﲻ𰡣
òߣֲģʵڸôţϣƤһεĸ߻ȥ
ţ  ҪţƵĻԼȥ˰
˴֮ǰҪһ֤ǲģ
Ǻһ룬һҪģʱɲճ  ԣôһУ  ͷϣֵɽһӵһð  Ȼŭһʲôûа취ҿңСʲôͷ֪Ҹ㣬ھû¹˭أʲô
˴ҲЩмѾҪôᣬղΪʲôű˵أ  ڸԼ߽ʲô°  ˴󶫳ܣΪӳľ˵һɣ
ӳͷͰ׵˵һ飡
û뵽һ˵֮İƭӣƭǾȻҲţƭǾȻҲҷߣǹԵİ
ܣҲ֪⾩ǶĹٶаǿɵ𰡣ҪȻ֤
˴ֱӽ֤ϣҪţԼȥ  ҪԼõĻ˴ҲΪСӳͷˡ
˶ģԼһæбҪôæǰæ󣬻ֺ
ֱ֤Ȼм˵ǽΪǴһ˹ܹİĲ֪ôһĳʶһеģ
ܣӳǰվڷڵģ˵֤ģ˴󶫳
ģ˵ľˣҿ۾Ҳ⣡һ
˵ܣʲô˼֤ģԲ鰡
ӳҲǵȻҲ֪ЩҹӸǲĴڣһҪӵ˰  ԼıⲻǻԼʵ  Ĳ˵ⶫ϶ģһӳǿԱ֤ġ
Ȼұ֤˾ģ֤ģ˵˼ҺпҲİ  Ϊֶһ˭ϣڻôҪĵطóأ
۵ֻϲܣⷲûоԣ
ӳȻԼϣҲŭһ㵱˲𰡣Ҹ㣬ҽ286ҽԺοУһ֪ǲˡ
Ȼ˵ĻǾȥһ°ɣҡʵû
˴˸ˣɽҲûԼʲôˣ
ʲô㲻ģԼҲûйϵ  Ź˴󶫵˴ùģҲǳŷŭ뿪˾ǹʻһ⳵ͳ286ҽԺķȥˡ




1362ûҿЦɣ
 

286ҽԺ  һҽԺҲȫǵҽԺ֮һ  ˵286ҽԺβõĲҲûĿˣ
ɼ286ҽԺʵжôǿᡣ
ҽԺһΪ֣һǶ⿪ŵãһȻרžṩ֧ŵġ
ȻˣʵҲ֡
׺³ʱ򣬿Ǯ˳⳵˾ҲΪơ
һҽԺǹѾǶˣܺõʲôطȥأ  ȻԼҲ֪ΪʲôԼ͸׹ˣѾˣֻܹˡ
֡ǣ
³֮ǿˣһ·׼һԲһİȫжûУ  ׿ģһ飬ȹһ£һҰ½һİɡ
½һˣ˼˵⻰ǳԷһļ򵥡
֪ôҵĻҲôĵˡ
ֻ˼ҼȻô˵ˣҲǵͷǡлл˰
Ϊҵ⣬ĹʧӦġɣҽԺĴ΢һ£ҵĵ绰룬Ҫʱ΢һЩ
ҲΪ˲Ż˼СȻˣϤ˻Ǻܶġ
һ漰ĵ˵ƺϸоЩ֮ⱣܹȻҪĸˣ  ׵ĵ绰ҲǷһŸףǸĵ绰룡  ׵ͷȻҽԺ˹ȥ
Ȼ֪286ҽԺĲ֣ѾǸӦ˺ϵĴڡ
ȥıӰлһûн⿪ǳ
286ҽԺһͨоأȥǳϸ  ֤
һսʿס׵ȥ·ʾֹͣǰ  Ҫ֪ڿɶҪȻǷǳϸˡ
Цŵҵ֤˸ˣɣҪȻϴ绰˵Сˡ
ϣǺϵĿˣԵһ£
սʿҲǳ׵ͷȻʾһԵ˴绰  źý֮Ҳǳ׾˸Ȼˣ  ϶ˣǿɲ˼Ҳý
׵ʶɨһҽԺڲĽṹڰڻǷǳĶࡣ
ȻϿȥſڵǼʵһЩǱĲ棬кܶ䶼Ǳġ
ǱţЩ˵Ҳǲϵף
ϴ˿ѾվĲſڣ׵ĵҲһƬĽ֮ɫ
ϡ
׸ϽǸ˹ȥΪоóϵЩҡ
ϸϽСְ˰
ϣλǣ
ϵԱߣվһȥʮ߰ŮӣΪĸ  СҸ˵С֣ҽǷǳĲİϿһԵСŮ˳
ϣûҿЦɣ˾ҵүүɣ
˵ŮӣֽϣֵͦŵģȥȴǸˣ
һʾͷǳĲȻŰ״ӣǻ˵ľУ
˵С㲻ҪôҸˣ˵һẦ𣿡ҲЩЦá
ϱҽĸ߲ܹ286ҽԺ浱ҽ˵ϵʵǷǳĲġ
ʵѾ֪ԼүүˣҲԼүүѾЩ;ƿݵĸоˡ
˵ʵѾǰϢԼļˣ
ڼʵѾʵȻʵѽܡ
ϣӦ֪ģүүڵĲƣƵĻүүԻµһµʱ䣬һƵĻ
ҽзȨģ
Ϊ286ҽԺΪѧߡǿҽԼʱ  ̫ϲţȴ۵ˡ
֮ǰһֱ˵ʲôҽ߳ʵҲӦиʮɣ
ԼСⱾܵϾѾǾòˣ
Ϊʲô  Ϊҽѧһ飬Լȡ˳ɾ͵ˣѾǷëǵĴˡ
һ￴ȥҪԼҪС꣬ҽԼã  Ͼǲŵģ  СְλСϣ286ҽԺҽѧҽѧʿ
Ҳ֪ϺԸҲ˼Ҽͬɣ  ϲһͱ˵ˣǶѡ
˼ŮҪĲͬĻûκεİ취




1363²Сʿ
 

286ҽԺ  ſվźϵȼˣȥĵĲǺ죡  ΪʶϣǺϿųһԵʣϲôλϵˣ  ˵СҲĲɣҲε˵
үүĲѾнˣˡϼԼĹ۵
죿ǺǣȻ˵ĻҾˣҲЩ
ԭΪԼһ¾OKˣû뵽ûֹԼ˿ʼֹˡ
һ֮µҲЩĿʼˣ  һˣҲǿЦһСְֺαظһСһʶأ
СҸСϣɱôƫİãȻ˵Ҿ͸ӣ
Ҳ֪ǺģҲķ˺ϵĺ⡣
Ǿ˲֪ʲôҽòס
ѧҽ˶֪ǶҽʵðǾֻҽļ
νҽƭ˵ģ  ȻˣʵҲ̸ʲôҽҽѾһ˵ⷶΧˡ
ϿףЩѯʵ˵С֣ĺҪҲõ֮һ
ðɣϣǿϣ
仰˵ûģģ˵ĵλ˭벻˵׽ˡ
׾ϣҪȵҲ᲻
ֻǶŮʵЩͷۡ
˭Ҫ㿴ӰҲβãϰ˵
׿ϵԼβõʱǧҪɱ˵ʵһҪκˣǺΣ
⻰˵ĻǷǳĿģҪǲ˵Ļº϶֪ôȰˣ  ֮У  ׿ڴϵϣҲЩˣڳܵôʹడ  弸ȫĿˣҪӦǳڷ䵼µġ
͹һ׾ܹڲŵ£ʵ岻Ѱ
ʲôİ׿źϺʵ
ܣһ㲻ҽҪİɣɲļҳĵط
ϣʲôϿͱ˵ӣҲЩ  ϾСүүүүݱǱܵģֲеˣΪʲôҪ
ƺҲЩºϵŭ𣬴˿ƺҲû֮ǰôĴˡ
ϿϳҸ㣬СֿǶǽԴϼ̬𣿡
ʲôǽûҿЦɣ
ϵɴ۾ףһǽȥûԼأ
ôǽأΪʲôܵϽ
һܵϵԺţʵ벻ͨΪʲôӵġ
Ҫ֪͵УѾǾˣҪΪְɲΪҽѧʿĻ
ҲǸξУٶ
ְɲѾٮٮˣû뵽Լ԰ļ棬һˣ
ôˣ黹ҪСΪ⹱׵ģϳ
װڰֵϣǾͲˣǵģ
㡭
ϱӶЩˣһﾹȻֱƹԼ˵Լˡ
Űһʵ̫ˣ
ǺΪһҲûκεİ취  ϵͷǹҵĹǹƵĿȼĿֵġΪоôϵѾǸ̫ˣյȥˡ
ȼоҪӴĺ˷ܴ𣿡ʵ
ǰоĳ׶ΣܶණҪһЩȥ̽ȥоģڵǲôˡ
ֱ˵˵Ҳǰٷ֮ٵεġ
ͳΪôĹף˼ҾһΪеˡ
׵ͷֲãȷϵѾǵ;ƿݵĵزˡ˵ʵ֧ʱ䡭
죿⡭Сûʲô취
ʵҲ֪ЩǿˣϾСֲ
ֻǺϵ֮лһ˿˿ΣΪ˵ʦһˡ
Ҫʲô취ĻǶڹҶ˶ԣǶһĺϢ
㲻Ҫѧòã֮ǰҶ˵үү;ƿˣظһ˼𣿡ϳûа취Ļ㲻ҪүүϢ
Ͽϳϣүү٣ѲɺүүͻẦүүɣ
үүĲ˼϶ûʲô취㿴Ӿ֪ˣϿףЩǶĸһ㣡
׿˭˵ûа취ˣ
˻һϺ϶ǱߣƺЩŵӣ




1364±Ƶ
 

ϿһļֻҪ˵а취ϣ
˽˵ģ˼Ҹڵġ
ɽ˼ҿˣһ˵а취ں˵ֱһĺϢ
ڿȼĿѾǽ뵽Ľ׶ΣֻҪܹͦȥĻĿʮа˾žͳɹˡ
ȼĿǱߣЩɢϾܹʦˣҲûĹһ㣡
ǺϸˣһԵȴЩȦˣ  ôҲû뵽׾Ȼ˵а취ĻһҪӰ
ôа취أ
ѾԼүүˣ죬·Ҳ޴˰ɣ  ѧϰҽļһ˵а취ʲô취  ϲţһа취˿̣¶һı飡
ţʵ̫ܴˡ
ƵǣƫƫϾȻСӣǲ֪һﵽ׸ϳʲôԻҩ  С֣а취̫ˣ̫˰ϼ˵
һԵϿź˼ӣϣҲͬ⣬Ҽͬ⣡
ϣ⺢ô°үү㶼ˣ
ôҲû뵽ϾȻĻܾ׵ƣҲЩˡ
׿˵ϣ취еġ˼ҲҲûа취Ͼүү
ߣ˵а취Ҿ˰˭㸺𣿡
ϿףҲһŭ𣡣  ׿ϣΣǺǣ㻹ܿЦѲҾ˻дˣ㣬үүмʱ䣬ҳٻһǣҪǲȵĻҲͦȥġʲôΣ
Ǻǣ㿴һﻹûпʼƣͿʼжˡνҽǺܺƺĹͣƲǾ͸ûйϵҽ˭ˡ
ϵͷǳϬͲͬһܹԼүүˡ
ֻͨͨĸðʲôĻϻܹܹơ
ԼүүʲôǼ˶֪ġ
ûκεϣ
ϿϵӣҲЩһ
׵ģܣҲûа취˵óڣ  ڼҲ֪ô죬ϳͬ־
ϣҪȨѹҵĻ޻˵
ϼһ·ˣҲΪԥ
ϺһȻ׵С֣жգ
ٷ֮߰ʮɡ
ʱǫʵԼĺܣǾǰٷ֮ٵİգ  ˼ǰɲܹô˵Ҫô˵ˣָôء
ãȻ˵Ļƣϳ
õģϣ
ʵҲ֪æһҪģΪģΪΪĹס
ȼԼҲ֪ģһƳɹǾһ͵ȾԴ  ʵ׵Ⱦ֮ΪṩһݿȼƼ  Ǹʱ򣬹һͲڳ֮ǰ·ɻˣ  ΪԴȾʵ̫ˣҲ֪Ƿչɱһ̬ƻ
ȼΪңҲΪ
ϣ㡭
һɵǱߣôҲû뵽ϾȻĻһԼүүƣ  ǺѾǿ˵ˣܹ˵ʲôأ
һǧһԸ⣬Ǿ˲ԷΪְ  Ͼ죬ݺݵĵһ׵Ҹ㣬үүҪи̵ĻҾĲ㣡
С֣˵ĳʲôĻҲĴ󵨵ƾˡ
ֱӰϸղŵвˣʵ׻ںŮ˵в  ׵ͷҾΪɣϣҪȻȳȥ
ҳȥҲȥʲôұҪ߼ල㣡
Ͽף˻ðɣһﾹȻҪԼ˳ȥҪʲô
һһﶯʲô˼ĻʱԼ¾Ҫζˡ
Լߣǳ˵ʲôĻԼǿԲȡһЩʱĴʩġ
׿ϵ˼һϰߣƵʱϣߴңͷҪرգǲƵġ
㰮βΣ˻զΣЦźϵϣ㿴ʲô̬ȣȻһԣһҪǳʲôĻ
ʵһʼҲԥһ£һ뵽֮ǰ׾ԼʱҲôġ
˽뷿䣬ҲȻˣ  һ˼ҵĲ֮أЩ˵ģҲġ
ϼȻѾ׸ˣȻҲĽĿʼȨˡ
ϳҸͬ־ڿʼ˵ʲôǾʲôһֱȵһεƽ̳ȥȻϼͷ
ϡϵɴ۾źϡ
ϳ
ǣϸоԼίĿҪˣʵǲ֪Ϊʲôôһ  ѲԼĲʿȲһé®ëͷСӣ
оԼˣûа취
гίˮˤŶһķйɡ




1365
 

ҽԺȣ  Ͽſ޿ϣҲ΢΢һ̾  Ȼ֪ϵҽˮ׼Ƿǳĸ߳ģûп׵ĳ֡
ļʶ׵Ļ޻˵ˡ
Ҫ֪ԼʵҲòʲôطȥڻǻվ
˵ϣҲѾմĲˣҲǰˡ
һ˵ɵģǵڶأ  ˵϶ž޴ĵġ
ɷأΪܹԼүүҪŪõĻԼүүˣ  СԼмѵүүıСӸĻôԼⱲźˡ
ȻҲ֪Լүүܴ˶ãôأ
ԼүүܹһӲ  ϣˣôʲôϳ
үү㡭ôô˭ҸʶרҶѾˣ˼Ҷûа취飬ƾʲôа취
ϳ׵Щˣʱƺúϵ쵼ˡ
ϵĸ첲ϣʵЩҲûа취ͣ˵ʵɣСҼΪˣ
ˣ
ϿźһӣƺҲһЩ֮ġ
̾һҵʱҼǵҰɣ񻹸Ϲ
ףүү˵ҶˣˣүүĲҲѾǶ񻯵һĵز˵ͺˡѲɡ
ϵɴ۾źϣһȻȼ˿˿ϣ
Ѳһʲôɣܰ
΢΢ҡͷҪȵĽ֪Ѿˣÿʹ֮УѲΪŮͲ𣿡
үү۰ôۣԸʹת޵ҵˣûء
һ뵽Լүүܵʹ࣬Ҳһεļ
ΪһҽȻ֪ԼүүǶôʹ࣬ʹȴǱ޷ġ
ϵͷһԼľ׸˹ңʱһẦȲҲֻҪһϣҾöҪһԵģ
ǡǺðɡ
ʵѾЭˣһѾˡ
ֻʵǲһôܹԼүүأԼĦ
Ѳʲôؼɣ  ֮ڣ  ׼һе豸ȷû˼֮УҲǽռ䶼
ʱҪǾԵİκ˵ĴŶпӰķӣ  ȻˣҪ˽˾ҪҲǲ̫ܵ顣
ݣ
ռʼγһУ״˿תΧ  ȻЩ࣬ϻҲǹˣ  һɹϵĿ£Ǳǿиൽڵģ
ಣ
öѾϵѨλ˽ȥ
׵ֲϵڽصĐţöϷҲǲϵðź  Ŷ
׵һҪľųڵĶأֻҪЩضˣڶܹĸٽһָ
ʱһһĹȥˣϵڶؼѹ̫࣬ʱҲǺķѵЩ
˺ķѵʱ֮⣬Ķ˵ûκεӰ죡  Сʱʱһζ
׵ĵһˣ˿ڳĻͻᾪķ֣Լүүԭ֮ɫѾʧ
ȡ֮ǲҰ֮дһ˿ѪɫǺܳʱ䶼ûмĳˡ
ԼүүϵʹĪıҲʧȥһΪܵģ  С  ״Լ֮óһöСϵĿУ
˵Ǵ֮ҩûһ赼Ļпܱ
˵ǵҩþܹõģҩĻпܳһЩ벻
һСʱʱȥˣϵ彥ĿʼָԭеĹ  沢û̫ı仯ֻѾʼһ˿΢΢Ĳ
ˣ  ڻһڵʱ֮ϳ׵˹  ˿̾׸Ѿǹȥ˽ĸСʱʱ䡣
׵Ľ벻ϵԼ֮صĒţҲΪ㵵ĿǰСӣ
û뵽ԼȻһ컹ܹѹҪ֪˽ԼĲġ
İγеĽ룬΢΢һЦϡ
СӣǣϿЩ㵣ʵңǻţ
ǺǣȻǻšҽףǺϵѡһҲǺβģ׽͵
û뵽СᣬҽȻﵽ˵زҵȺհҲЦŵ
׿˿ʱǰѺǺ˵ɣһиڵأ
׺Ȼˣ֮ǰأҲ֪С椻ڲڣüСʱ֣˼ˡ




1366Ŀɿڴ
 

״˲ţźϺ϶Ǳߣ˿ȥɫҲΪĽš
ϡ
С֣⡭ʲôϿװЩˡ
һԵϿŭȵ㡭ǲǰүү
𼱱𼱣ϣҪ侲һ㣬Ҳ
һҪ쭣ϽȰο
˵Ļ˵ʵ϶ԼҲεĺˡ
ϾԼģ˿ҲΪϵ飡  Ҹƴˡ
һĬӣܵľ÷ǳֱӳ׵ķȥоҪƴһ㣡
ϣʲôôԴүүľˣ
ʱ򣬺Ϻ϶ˣ
ΪǿűվһԣղҪ
ڴôʱûлոջָʵҪооصζ
ֻΪʱǱߣһ廹ûôָĹоЩվȡ
ǵվſڵʱ򣬿ԼŮһĳԼľץȥʱҲɫ  ϵ·Ƕһ㣬úϺһӶǱߣ

үү
ϺϴŴ˼֮ǼͬʱϺ
ϿźЦǺǵ˵˵Ϻ鰡İŮϹ֣Ҳһְ
ҡҾ˵Сֿ϶û⡭
ϿϵӣҲǼ˵ʵ֮ǰƺԼҪ
Ҫ֪ϵļֵɲڴ˰Ϊ׻Ʒһ͵Դ
һͶʹõĻǵʱԴȫǲҪɫˡ
һشĿƼͻƣҺпһʷشͻư  үү㡭ôվˣ㡭
ϴ˿ɵˣоԼһ㣡  ܹԼүүѾ൱ĲˣԼүүȻɫվߣʵǷ˼  ǲܷ˼˼ԼүүվߣҸԼ̸Ц  ˣ
ղŻһҪ˼ƴļƣ˼ҾȻͳطʵǲ˼ˣ
ллл㣬ɫͨ죬֪ʲôԼһ飡  
ôڿԼүүվߣ黹൱ļģ
ϣһ£ҪȻɣһȥϣϵѾûˣڳԺҲOK
״һOKƣҪĲһܵĻָѣ
СҩЧѹ˺ü׶Σ
ٹ֮ϵԿԿʱ򣬵ʱٻʮҲûκεġ
˲ţԸȥһܹıԴ״ΪʲôԸأ
񡭡ͳԺһεɣ̬û֮ǰôĿˡ
׵ҲĸŮһʶ㲻ĵĻٸһȫ顣
Ͽ׵С˵ܹԺǾû⣡
ѽ˼ȵģҵȻʲô鲻ҿ˰ɣҲβҵĲʱڸŪڴһ£ҿɵ÷谡
ҲЩ뿪Ц˵Կóٺĸоķǳĺã
׿ϵϣ̸һ̸ɣҪȻǺǱ߼
̸ҲЩƵʵ
ţǸȼĿʱ˵ɣЦŵ
ƺǸоˣһ˵ĿȼʵҲо
оиѶȽϵо֮ǰ˵˵ʲôµķ֣ʱҰϴ
׵ǫ˵ʵʲôѰǶ׫Ķѣ
ϼ˵úúãϾںǱ߹˰ϣ㻹Ÿʲô
һڸоԼԼүүĴˡ
Լүүľˣ֮ǰЩ֣ڿƺʲôˡ
׵ҲûоܾϵУ˲糯˹ȥ
ڵ˵ķǳأ
Ҫ֪׵ʲôԼүүԼүүͺϻкܶ໰Ҫ̸
Ҳ͸׳ǰһֱţҪҸף
ײ֪Ů˵֪ЩʱǺܿ°




1367±ߵ
 

286ҽԺûֱӴ绰ԼνĽ㡣
ϾǴˣȥҽԺ˰Ϊ286ҽԺʵ̫֮󣬼СʱҲ͹ȥˣ  ʱҲ΢Ļһ£һԼǴ룬Ļһˡ
׺ϲУѾ߳286ҽԺ⽻ڴ  ʱϸҪһЩ飬ǵ绰ȴˣ  ԭҪ˵绰ģˣ˿׵˼ҽӸ绰
Ӱɣе飡
׶һ˳ȥתһ⳵ȵϽ绰׼׵ʱȴ˼Ѿˡ
϶ţо绰̫ʱˣ绰ʱҲЩŭ
˵ʲôʲôʱ򲻺ô绰ƫƫʱ绰
Щƣԭû˵ʱֽһ׵ġ
ϾղôĿ˼ңϵڳĻô˼أ
϶ҲҪȥǱߵģֻźϵ棬ƤٺҲԲǸʱֽҽɣ  ҪȻʱϺԼүүЦҪЦԼˡ
㣬ҡұ˸ˣ
һŭӣҲŵøϽ˵ʵ飡
ٻܹ˸ˣ˵ȥ˭ŰԴ˵
ʵҲʹϵνĽ㣡  ǿԱһΪҵԼĹףȻԭҲҪԼĶӳиҵ
ԼĶȴϲ̣ھ̷浹ҲһЩ츳ġ
ھǣϼȻ㲻ǺպҲһġ
ϵĵλǱأǺܶ಻ǵȨǣҲ֪ϵݺ͵λ
ϱ𿴾һҽȨȦĵλȴǳĸߡ
ϼźϼкһȥһҲ˳Ÿˡ
һﵹͷǳҲֵôһСˡ
ֻǽ£ȴһ绰ƻˣ˵ա
㣬ı˴ˣС̫ˡڻĿ֮£Ҹˡھ286ҽԺء
ڵ绰ͷ޿˵ʱﻹһڻֺӣ
һｵһ˵ĻǷǳеģ  286ҽԺҾĴء
ϿΧǸֻҲǹ绰Ǽһķ˹ȥ
һǷ룬ҲǿһЦ㻹ı˰ϡ氡
˵Ͻ㣬ͱЦ˺òðҽǵù˰
ϻǱЦҲһε˵
ھǵͷⱻ˴ˣҲܵ޿İɣҲֲ֪ǵ¡
ϿҲЦʵЩ̿
̾һҪǱ飬ҲͲϽ˰һСʵ̫ţ˰ȻðǲĴ١
ߣ٣Ĺٰϲм˵
˵
ļٵİҿɲ˸ô֪ܵð佫֪Ƿ鰡Щŵʵ
ģǼһ￴ȥᣬǸ˵׻жʮĽ𣿸ܰ
ǰôܡףԣпܣҾʶôһ
ԭҲǾòܣתһ룬ղǸֵļһﲻǸ
ûи㶮ֵΪʲôǽ  ˵Ϊ⹱׵ģȻ֪⹱׵ʲô  ôܣҲһ
˽ʲôְϿʵ
ɶţŶˣ֤ءһҪǷСðģҷǰƤɣ̵ģ۸ӵͷˣ
˵ֱ꣬ӽ׵֤ݸϣ
΢΢һЦǺǣǼΪģ˵ٷ֮ʮŵžžŵðģҵҪ˭ҡ
ϴ֤һɲǣԭЦˣ    оԼԺһˣף
ԭһף֮ǰһֱֻ֪֣  Ͻ㣬ôϵӣҲûһֱӴȥʵ
žž  ֱ˦ϣǻʹʹ಻ѣ  ֮ǰոշõߣ˿ҲһεѪ
顭Ͻ㣬㡭ʲôҡ
ȦˣѾô°  ԭָϸԼأû뵽һֱǸԼ£
ûп⵽ô̶ܹȰ




1368ʧ
 

ʲô㲻а
Ͽɫһû뵽һֱĲˣ
Ϊ׵Ķǽ϶ȷϹģֻһʼѡ
ڿ˼ҵ֤ûмˡ
Ҳ˵ģʹһĪҽ˵϶˼ǽģ
Ҫ֪ײǾ˺ҲԼүүĿԱ  ӳԶǶ˵׵ξˣ˵Ϊ˾޴Ĺס
Ͽ˵ΪĹףϿѾΪʵ
˼һǽҪVIPͨһ²ߣ
ҪǣϴУѾȫжϳ˼ΪԼүүġ
ԼүүŲ죬һǲ谭Լүүȣ  һ뵽ߣȻһݺݵӣ
һʱ䣬ܶ˶Χ
ǽһưϽƺ൱ķѹҲ֪ⷴ׷ʲôط
Ͻ㣬ҡҲΪʲôң
ѾǱŭޱȣûа취ʵǲ𰡣
Ϊʲô㣿ǺǣʵĺãҴΪϹĹۡ
ϿЦһ
࣡  ĭЩί˵Ͻ㣬㡭ôҲװɣ
ףãСӾʹ߲һ϶ף
Щܻ˵Сû뵽ף
һµ뷨ǾǴСȥϵļ壬ٸҲһǸĻᰡ
˵˲ľһ㶼Ҷ  Ȼˣ֪ǲ𰡣ϰӵĻ֪Ӧôˡ
˿ôɵǱվţҲһָָ㣡  ǽһڻ˸ˣ⵽286ҽԺֱԼǱߵĿ԰
ҲֻܹϻˣҲǲǰ취Ҳ˸ط  ʵϣСʱ֮ǰ
ҲطأȺüСʱ˿ûеȵ׵Ӱ
ԼôȥҲǰ취ɣ͸״绰
ɵ绰ȥƺʹͨ绰һֱûźŵ״̬  ĵһӦԼƭˣ绰ִ֮ͨ߰˸绰ȴһͨ  ԭȼһ˿ϣ׵ˣ
˵ʵҲһҪ׸ԼܹȻĹӦҲˡ
һͨ˵ҲǿԵġ
ֻΪ֮ǰѧϰĿճרҵרҵҹԱȽϵѣԿڵĺ١
֪ԼӦôʲôطʼѰҹеơ
ļУصҵʱ򣬼滹żˡ
˰
迴ԼŮˣҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
ʵǾˣֻھǵĽضѣھǵĽطҲǲǡ
ΪϾˣǼҵһʮƽϷӵֵǮˡ
ֻӿȥΪĺᣬΪСʮˡ
֮ǰһֱסڻ棬ϾҺԶ
ԭǴ˰ȥģΪԼ˵еҪԼ
Լ裬һˣ⼸λǣ
ѽѽҸһ°λǸС̣Цŵ
̺ãʵ౾ͷǳĲӿȥҲȽϵĹɡ
̿һЦúúãû뵽⺢ӱƬϵĻҪÿ
лл̵Ŀ佱ģеˣҪϢһᣡ
ڻûʲô˼Ͼ⹤ոնˣ˭˼ȥɱأ
ֻΪпڳܲʱԼԼĹ˰ɣ
Ҳ̫ˣʱڸԼ˵  ʵҲ֪ԼһֱҲΪԼĹ˾˵ԼŮھǹʻ
űĽı飬ԼҲǷǳĿģ
ҪԼ֪Ϣ֪׻᲻
ҲΪʲô׺ߵʱʹľ͸ˡ
ΪܵľͲȥԼʧӡ
£̽Ǹˣ迴Ҳ  ̿ȻָһһЦŵԿǵ˾
裬ʲôҽܶ󣿷˰ɣ
˿ʲô˼Ҷ󰡣Ҫ˵ԼĹڵĻе˼  Ͼд󵱻Ů󵱼ԼĽȦҲ󣬱˽ʶʶҲǿԵġ
أѹҲû뷨˿̵һͷ󰡣




1369ŵԿ
 

ļУһЩ  ԿĵһۣŮܲʻǳ涼ܲ
Ҫ֪ĵλϲʱȵģ
ļҾȻһ㣬ԿԼļҾһȫԺԡ
ҪΪӳӷھҪһһЩࡢʸ涼ĳȥŮ
Ȼı׼ҷǳķϣ  ̿ӣһ㶣漴Цŵ׻˵úãУŮ¼޴ɣھǵĺкԽԽ˰ٲץ㣬ǶǱ˵вˣ
̣ҲŶ󰡣ұҵһʱ䣬Ҳôż
Ҳʼ̸飬Ϊûκε飡
輱æ˵զ°˼ΪЩ飬⺢ӡ
裬˵ģĲ̸飡еƵ˵
ƺΪĻЦŵҪһҲǺҸ˵ԿǿǾǵ˾ܰнʮء
Թԣôô߹ʰҲһʵ
Կ΢΢һЦ̣ǵ˾ĹʱԸһЩԺ󻹻ߵġ
ðԿСҿ˾ͺ̤ʵôҲ˼ɲɵ˵ðɣ
ԾĹǷǳ⣬ȻԿಢڣ˼ҹʸ߰ҵλ˵ȥҲɡ
ۣ˭ϣԼŮĺأ  ԿڶΪŮˣ
ЩΣԿܸʶ㣬ҽ
ҽԿʵǶˣϲһסûа취ȦЩխƽʱҲͦæġ
Կʵ̸Ҳ٣֪ôŮͨ
û̸һԿĻ֪һ˵ǰǰʵҲ̫ϲģʽо̸һ
Ц⺢ӣô˵أʵ˽ҲбҪ
Цŵ⺢ӵҿͦϲġҪ仰ˣҲ֪ǾǵķжߣܶΪһһӶڴƴԿھ廷һ׷ӣǳһٸƽģȫûѹ
СԼ׷ӣ趼Цĺϲ£ˡ
оҪԼŮ޹ȥĻǺֹǲﰡֱ̫̫˰  ǵ׷ӣʲô  仹廷ķӣǳһٸƽ׷Ӽڿ¶Ҫһǧˣ  һǧ򰡣ǰ붼һ֣
Կ΢΢һЦķҰģ廷ķҴġûʲôѹϾҹһºüǧǮأ
ǹôߣԿҲʵ
ʵ˵˵⻰ҲˣȻʲô߲ܷԼĸ׺̵Ӱɣ
ԿһĨŵðɣЩλǸ߶ˡһ²ǧ࣡
ѽѽһµĹ𶼿ǼĹ˰˰Щ˵
Цŵ˵ðͲ֪˰ɣ˾ЩλǹʸߣĸҲ൱Ŀװ˵ҪС̸ԺĻ͵ɣ
ǣ㰡ллǣߴŰҲЦŵ
˵ʲôʲôЩƵĿˣ·һ¾ͺǶһ㣡  ֻǵһμ棬˵仰˵Щ㲻
Ͷˣ˭˵Ҫİ  С㣬˵˵ģ˵ǵģúǾͼò˵Կ΢΢һЦ
ǰҿ˼С˵ľеƵƵͷ
裬˵ʵҽûʲô̸΢΢һ̾
զŮ
迴ԼŮʲô£Ҳǹеʵ
ҡ
˵ʱ׵ĵ绰˹  ״286ҽԺʱɨһҽԺѾ뿪ˡ
Ҳ⣬Ͼ˼ҵ˺üСʱִͨԼĵ绰Ǹ˶ҪԼ˵ʵˡ
ʵҲǾԼûúã֮˳⳵ʹ˵绰  ҲûѰ˼ʱ绰˼绰ƺһЩ
ϾԼ˲ôûģҲǸԼʧ٣
˼Ҳ˵أ




1370³
 

ιã
绰¶һ˿Цݵ
С㣬ǲ˼Ϊĵ죬ʱ䣡ﰡʵ
ڼأҪȻ׼˵ҪȻ˵
ѾʵַҾOKˣмСʱĿʱ䣬ʵһ£

Ҫ˵ʱѾǹ˵绰
ûа취ֻܹԼĵַ׷˹ȥҲЩƣƺЩ̫׵ӡ
֮ȴַԼ뷨ìܵҲһķ꣡
Ƿַ֮ԼҲˣ
ԼڿװҪǺúõһ˵ĻⲻǼì
뵽ߣҲЩڲһ룬ҲǾܾ̺ʲôԿ˵һκûᰡ
ͬ°迴ԼŮɵʵ
ͬ£ʶһѡЦŵ
ŶѰղҪ˵ɶţЦʵ
ģ裬ҵĹˣ
˵֪϶һ
ȻȻŭˣզܰѹأզ°
ΪҷˣԹˣԼ裬Ȼû£һҹģ
ǻĹˣԭЦѾˣû뵽Ȼ飡  ʵҲ֪ʲô˼Կϵģ˳֮Ҳֻиˡ
Ҫ֪Կˣ滹Ǻֵģ˺öĶ󶼲⣡
ΪҪһƯģɱϾƯܹϲ͵Ĳࡣ
׿һԼҲû뵽ŮĹȻˣ  ǰ̣֮ǰ˵ҽû̸ЩΪ⹤նľôѹһ
̵ӣǲΪȻ
˱ĸһʵϲˡ
С԰㿴
ƺҲûģû˹Կ϶ǲͬġ
˾ôʵйûйǳĴ
ԿȻЩԥһҲǵ̰ʵҾСôᣬҸǺ׵ģҵǲ̫⣡
óǲⰡ֮ǰɫ֪ˡ
ʵֶԷϾ˭Ըһûйأ
ֻҲϲˣ˵ĻﲻһЩα  迴ȥЩû뵽ԼŮĹôˡ
̿ʱ˵Щˣ㿴˼СԶҿǻǡ
ԿҲ΢΢һЦʱ϶ǿϸԼˡ
ϾѡҲǳһЩѹġ
ΪйԼİпܻͬ⣬ϾĹȥҲǷǳġ
ûˣԿԼӵĸߴˡ
ҡҡͷʱ뿼ҵĸ⣡
㡭СӣǲǾеķŰǰɣһ֮ǰıɫƺ֮ǰӵˡ
迴̷ŭҲǸϽ㣬С£ټոնˣҲǺܺãԡ
СðҽܹҲˣɻûмŮģʲô°̳Сԣ˵ʹ컰벻̸
ҡǺġ
ԿǺ룬Ժ֮ѾֵܶĿԣ  ʵڲеĻҲԼļ˰ҸһĹ
ԼнҲٹǿ϶ûκεġ
ˣ
һҲһɻ
ЩƵʵ⡭ʱ˭ǼҰ
һ룬пף̵ǸҪ
˵ʲô˼ҸСԿذȻ˹̳׵ŭˡ
һԵԿɫҲǲ̫ÿû˵ʲôΪһԵѾ˵ˡ
̵ѲɲǼ˰㻹˼ȥˡ
㡭
һȻԼ㽲ķζըˣ
Ҳ΢΢һ̾ŮҪ˰ټԼŮ˹
ҲǱߣƺôҲ᲻
ȥţһվǼҵſڣҲЩ˼˵Բҡ֮ǰ绰ûдͨüе顭
û£ǺǣС㲻ҵ׵ЩĿЦŵ
ɣǲ˼
ԼļУһԵ̺ԿɫѾ˼㣡
Ϊ׿ȥͲ࣬ⲻò˻ɰ
ҪСѵĻⲻǰ˵ˣ




1371±ȱ˭ҵĹã
 

׽ļУ  ż滹żˣҲЩ˼˵Ÿλ˰һСе飬һߣ
ҪȻ߳Ը߰ɣ̵
Ӵ˵߰ˣҲ˵ǳԸ
ЩĿһԵԿɫӵѿ  ˿ȥûԼ˧ҴҲǳֱͨɶĶûС
ǲ֪ǿһʲô  ̣ҿûǸ˼Ҳһ԰̵
迴ҲǴ˸кǰɣ
лл̣
׵ͦ˵Ͼڱ˼ңҲһ֮ˡ
ǰɣ֪ʲôѰԿʱڿˡ
λǣ׿ЩʵΪо˵ʱֵˣ
Щ˼˵⡭ҵǸ
ѣЦʵ
㲻ѰɡԿ˵ʲôѰ
ҵֲܰɣҲЩŭ
ԿǰԼ˻զΣʶģô°  ֮ǰһЩӣڿ˾ȻԼ飬ҲЩŭˣ
̿˼СҲǹһ
ҸСͨѰɣʶãΪһЩС˺ܴţҪֲһ¡
׼Ҫ˵һ飬Լĵ̫š
ǧô˵ܹҼңѾܿˡ
ĻԿҲһĲˬȻš
ˣղûʱûָо
ǵˣȻоһΣУ  ҲǻԴ׵ģԿовȻҲǼĶ־ˡ
߾ͰԿ׵ʵ
̸߾ͣ졭Ҳ˵
Ӵǣ죿ҲǸձҵɣз𣿡һ԰ǻʵ
·˵ʵ̫ϤˣȻ֪Կĵ뷨
ʵŮû˹ҪҸҲôѵ顣
ûҵûʲôϵɣ
ҲЩƣ⾩ûзӸһëǮĹϵ  ֲǹ׵ģֻǹܸѣ
ȻûйϵҾʣҲοοЦŵ
Կ΢΢һЦͷӺܲװ
ǡҲƵ˵
˻ǻԼ𰡣Ҳ˵˼Լûʲôϵ
ԼˣѡȨԼϲǣ  ԼֲǸӹһӣջҪ˹һӲ  Ȼ˵ƶް°ȴãһԼˣǾӹһЩأ  ֻûˣԼ˵ġ
Цŵðɣǲ˼ΪĵЩʱ䣬ҽԺװ׵ôã
ûû£ڻҪǸ˲Ҳ뿪ˣѾˣܹ˼ײɣ  ˵ˣ˼ΪͷģҪ˵ӦøмŶأ  ЦŵôҶ㶪˹Ҳ취һ
ԭŪĹզ˼ܵ˼Ҽأ̲м˵ҪĻҶ˼ģ
һԵԿ㹤鲻òģҵʱҰҸǧǮĹھǻǺܺҵģ
ԶԶԣˣ˼СԵĸĸɶǻصλ˰·ӹءҲЦŵ
Ҳһƣ˰ԼŮŪˣզ˼ܹأ
ԼŮҲɵȻڼԷ
ҲЩϾԼŮ飬ջסûпڡ
׿˿ɣṩһλԸĻǾ͹ȥԸĻұΣ
Ĳô鷳ʵĲ׳ϿҵӣҲĨһ˿ĸм
˼ôѾ御ˣԼܹ˵ʲôأ
Ǿͱȱȿ˭Ĺඣ˭ඡ
̹涼͸һ֮ͭζýŵҲⲻ˵ġ
ԿҧҧɣҰ취ŪصλȥȻûбƣǹҲԣһһõǧǮеġ
ɱջǧĸһ˶
Ҫ˵һԵ̿׵ǰɣֵ˰ǧǼȥʲôԱɶİ۶ˣ




1372䳰ȷ
 

ɱգǧһǻصλӣ
Цŵ·ԿĶһ㣡  Ҳֿ˻ҪĻǻûҲˣ
ԿЦŵţⲻĳһˣҰ軹ȫæ
л
Կһ˵еԵģûȷ˵Ҫ
м͸ŵľ˼  ʲôĳһ˾ȫæ  ֮⻹һˣæûа취  ҲǵͷллСԣллС԰
ؿЩԿллĺ⣬
С㣬ȱ˵λʲôܽܡ
ԿҲ֪ҪܾԼŰ  Ůһʼһܻӭĸо
ǳָоҪñ˵ʹԼĿ֡
ҲǵǰҾ˼С˵ĶԣܵǼſڣ⹤ԱСԵҪúüɣ
ֺûֵ֣
⻰˵ǹûʣ˭Ҳë
ýţ˵ԭǿ֣
ײм˵ǰɨֵҲͦеģ㲻Ҫܸɨֵİɣ
ɨֵǲڣиĳھǻܲܣṩһλǿԵģ
˵ĵͦģ֮ǰϼŻܲܲ㣡
Ȼ֮ǰй󣬲ΪΣ޳ˡ
źӶھǣԼϼŻֲ飬Ҳ൱Ĳ
ȻˣϼŵĶ³Ҫǿˣô˵һأ
ӴιĳţɶŰôأ̲м˵
ԿҲ΢΢һЦʵ˽ӪҵȻ˽Ӫҵվǲȶ
⹤ʶٰ
ʵ֮̽ܵУ˽ӪҵòҲкܶࡣ
ʵûԿôų˽ӪҵˣĵǾǹʰ  Ҫ˽Ӫҵһ꼸˼ҹǸʲôأ  СϾһʼĹʿܲߣӦû᲻ġҪ绰֪
Цŵʵܽȥˣٲܹʲôطأ
˶ûϵذҲ£ҪȻھʹ绰̲м˵
Щ̲ס˵ҽܵĹôĸʲôʲôҶ

ԼҹŮô˵ҲǸо۾һڣŮ̫ˡ
нǧɱգǻصλ  ĺȥҰȻ˼Сӣһ˼Ҫȥ˽ܵĵطϰ࣬ⲻ
׿˵ɣҴ绰ʰɣҲ͵ġ
ǣѲɻн򣿡Цһ
ԿҲ΢΢ףȻ̵ͬ˵һ˽ӪҵǸսȥжٵĹʰ
ǵƽʵı׼Ҳô࣬Կ״绰
ڰ칫濴ļԼֻʱ俴һۣ  ʾֵʱ˶ЩȦˣ  ֶ  һ֣˫ֻȻ
ֶңף˸мѾûκεĻˡ
ѾⱲӾ͸ֶˣ
񿴵ֶĵ绰˲ȻվȻ
ЦŵܰиΪʧȥ˹Ǳûʲôʵĸλ
УȻаֶҿЦɣϰ壡ҵλøҲǿԵİ̵
ǵãǺǣԼʲôλṩģнŶ٣һʡ
ôһʣͿʼĦˣ
ϾϰԸ绰Ǻпܾϰݰѣ  ղϰ嶼˵ԼˣλȥӦò̫ߣΪᣡ
λҲ̫Ͱ̫ϰҪһզ죿
̽ԵĿ˿ʵɶֶ߻һܲλã
ܲⲿŵҲǲײһʲô
һ⣬̵ǲнĿǰ򣬸нһٶʮң
ţУô˰ɣѽ֮ǰھǹʻģ㱨׵ͷ
ûⰡʱ򰡣̵
ϰԴ绰һǺѵõİ
ʵǸܲãҲ˵ʲôģֻЩ̫ˡ
ϰԼᰡ  ׹绰̺Կһӵɫǲô⣡
׿ЦŵС㣬Ѿϵˡ




1373нһٶʮ
 

Ѿϵˣ
׵̬Ȼ൱õģײû̫ǣ
ȻԼĹŪ˵ģʲô
˼ҲΪͷˣԼȥҹʲô˼أ
ԼҲˣʲôֻҪ̫ģԸȥһԣ  ȻˣǹʻĹЩ᲻ã  ţϵˣЦŵȻˣС㻹ҪػؾǹʻҲ˰㰲ŽȥġϣܹҵĹ˾
Ĺ˾ղŲ˵ѵ𣿺ǺǣܹţԿЦһ
һԵҲһЦЩ˰ͻԼ˵ðҸо˶ŮĻ찡
迴׵ǡǸΪŮҹģ
裬ô°ҵ鲻ģԼŮôˣܶɣ
ԼŮ̵ܵҲ쳣  Цẉ̂ŮĹŪģȻе˵ˣǸṩһѡǲҪȥҪԼġ
ѡ·С
˵׻ΪԼŮǣʵҲ֪ԼŮ˹Ҳż
ڿѾԼŮҹˣĽǶҲǸмġ
ֻΪ֮ǰԿṩĹǳѵãܵΪṩĹԲܱԿṩҪˡ
׿ղһѣ˵Ŀǰ˾ȱһܲλã
ܲһ
ǰҵԺȥѶѧϰѧϰϾڻɵĹûʲô̫ķչǰ;ҹҲǱȽϵ͵ġ
׹۲һеĻȷǳĲá
ʵΪʲôڵҪҹһԭ򣬾ĸҲҪƵġ
ȻԼĸһֱڸĹش򹤣岢̫á
ϣΪԼļ˷ֵһЩѹ
ǺǣǻװβǰǮһ°ֺɣ̲м˵
һԵԿЦŵǰһһȥӦƸһ˽ĸܣ˼ҸһǮһ£Цˣ
˽ϰǮôõİҲͼͷ̸˵
ҪŭһԵ΢΢ֵѡǸ˿ģԼҸղҲʹˣнһٶʮҰɣ
ۣ
豭׼һڵԿһӰѸյߵĲˮ˳  һԵҲǺòȥ۾ɵĹԲ
·˵Ļһһٶʮ⹫˾ǿӡİ  Կ׵㡭ղ˵٣
һٶʮ򣡡׳
ЩɵˣһٶʮҪڻɵڵĻٵøɸʮõôǮ  û뵽˼һھô࣡  һЩȦˣʵҲʼỳ׵˵ǲˡ
˶ǻỳɵģ
ĸ׿׼ʵǼҹŮɣ
ƭԶԶԣðͷƭӿ̫˰һٶʮôأæ˵
׵ҡһ£⡭Ǹʲô˾ôĹôߣ˰
ЦŵûнӴнһЩҲġҪȥĻǾϰˣǱͨԱһнѾǴﵽʮˡ
ôôأԿЦھһûĸҵнʮ㵹˵һǴţݸڣ
ǰҲû˼СԿǾǵ˾ģһһĺõλһȥҲôǮ˵ȱ²ȱ°һѾǹˣ㻹ƭ˼ң
ߵĿ׺ǳһ̷·ʹ·һ㣡  ׿ϼŻֱֲȥͿˣѵĵ绰ʱ˵׵ѾOKˣһ¾һˡ
˵꣬ĵ绰ֱӾ뿪ˣѾԼ飡
Ҳܹĵˣ
ʵǲ뿴ʲô̺Կû׼һ̲סҪء
ȥӣһЦʲôϼţҲû
Կɫһ䣬ʿˮ֡ϼţļٵİ
СҲ֪ϼţЩɵĿԿʵ
⡭⵱Ȼ֪ˡǿǴŰһﾹȻϼŵˣϽ绰ȷһ°Կʿˮ
ЩͣһԵԿѾǰĵ绰˹ȥ
ι㣡㿴һİҲǳ 
ǡǸղи״绰˵ġԿһͨˣЩˡ
ֶĵ绰ѾӵˣСʲôˣʵ
ҡѣҴ绰ʵġԿ
һɣС絽ϼŻܲɣղѾ³㱨ˣҵְλнҲѾ³ͨˣһٶʮ򣡣ְ°㹤ʡ
лллл
Կ˵绰ԭովһƨɳϣƺûлع
զʵ
ӦӦģ˵ղǸϼŵĶ³ҵθѽ
Կͷ뿪ߣһԵƺҲо˲Ծ˸к׷˳ȥ
һȦԼĸǱߴ۵С۵Ŀš




1374˼ڵĴ󸻺
 

С¥£  ɫҴҵԿһԵҲһƵĿ
Ϊ֪ԿΪʲôͻȻ֮ˣѲʲôϼͷĺܴ  ܹ֮ΪŹ˾ģͷȻҲǲСģ  ǸղԿƶΪͷǳ㡣
Լ˵ƣʵѾ˵һУ  ϼŰ  ĿǰǮ˾  ղǸһﾹȻϼŵĶ³ҪĻﻹļа
˼ҿʶϼŶ³ˣ˵ײһ˾Сܶѡ
ƾʲôȥЦ˼ң
֮ǰ˼ûз˼Ҫ򷿵Ļ°Ƕܹˡ
һ뵽ߣоҲһ֮ɫ
װװ˼Ҵ׸ĸǰˣǲӶ˵ġ
˵ʲô˼Ҹ˰СҪôǮ׷ְ̿Կ̵
ɶ˵̰㻹Ǳ˼ҿϼŵܰԿ˵
ϼţɶİզôǮһãĿԿ
ɶģױƷģϻױƷû˵Կû˵
ļٵİǸǸױƷ㻹˵ҲˣǶǺð
һ˵ױƷȻ˾ˡ
ԿƵ˵ǰ͸ղǸҸմ绰ȥȷˣ˼ϼŵܣڵĳ󸻺
ɶ⣿ڣСɱŻҰ˫һ
Ż㣿Żɶ㲻֪֮ǰϼHKУʱֵǧˣһڼǡǧۺ׻Ʊǿڰ
Կ˿˼Ҷ˼ûˣѾͲһ氡  ˵ȥоһĶˣ  Թԣôϰ壿ܵļܹôأҲƵ˵Ǵ˰˵˵ôô
ղ˼ֶҲ˵Ϊԭʧȥ˹˼ǸоⲻȥȻˡĻЦ˼ңҪ֪ͬҳЦϼŵĶ³ȥǲ󰡣
Կ˿Ҳһ±ƣôҲû뵽쾹Ȼ飡  ̸ϽϽ߰ɣŸɶ˵ⶼʲô°
ҲһĽţЩʵǷǳġ
ýˣȻȻҲ˵ϰߣ  ԿļҾãȻǿԿǸŸоЩˡ
ֻʵû뵽˼ҾȻôϰ壡  ˻ĴС뿪ˣ
˿ļУ
Լĸ׻ûлع  Ů⡭˭աղ˵ʲôһٶʮнĻǼٵİ
ĸ׿˿д˲֮ɫ
⡭֪ӦİɣҾܳϿҵġ˵ˣ˼бҪصܵҼƭ𣿡
ڻףʵϴӸղԿ绰֮ˣѾ˴ˣ
Լôһȫˣ
ԭڷɻǾһβڶѣΪǸļһ˼Ҹͣߣ  ĸܵǱߣǱߵȼ㣬Ȼŵ쿪˰ǿ˰ǼгϢˡ
裬Ǹʲô⻹ûȥϰ˵ˣ⹤нˮôߡҪŮҲǻ첻ȥİ
ʵҲΪĵǣҪԼȥĻǹ˼һƬ
һˣһҪúõѧϰ
Բܹ˼Լֻ࣬Ҳһļ  û뵽һøˣ  ĳڣ
״ļ뿪֮Ҳǳźϵķ
飬ʲôŮΪԼɵĹʧ  ԭǿֱһָԭλġ
ȻˣҲЯһŮûи˶кñ
ȴϣԼ˶ܹкñܹҲֻЩˡ
׽˺飬˵˺ܶĻ䣬ܶԺǵŮҲǵý췢ɣ
״ӱ洩ʵվڷڵʿʶףϵı׾ٵ顣
ֻǵ׸ոմ򿪺Ǳߵŵʱû뵽Ȼ֮ǰڻͻ  ⻹ǹɺϵİֻǼһ񿴵ԼʱѾǶˣ  һ׵ʱͨһѾǹ˵ϡ




1375Ҵˣ
 

Ҵˣ֪ˣ
Ҫжûа취
ȷ׵֮Ѿĵܳһʱˡ
Ͽվ¸ʲôûһжţӲĹͷȥﰡ
һԵҲ̾һڵ˰˿ŮϵĸСܣأҲ֪Լˡ
ҲǿЩǸȻ˵ѾѵСˡԺǶԶԶġ
ˣɣҲٶ˵ʲôˡװڰֵ
óһƬ⡭ҵƬԺ󵫷õСܵĵطܿڣ
Ҳ֪ȻϺ϶ˣԼҪڸСһʶĻҲǶۣ  ʲôطҪõһҲǽӹƬԭСӣ
׿ԺϣܸĵϵһЩëڹǿˣҲԣˣҲ߲Ǯˣ֪Ǹ¸ڵŮô죿
ǡǸһȥǸȻܰ°ŹһùҪǹܲӦĻҾϼϰ࣬ʾԲٵģ
֪жôĵﲻˣ֪ܹǮⰡ
ЩܹǮģͱ˵ǰλүǮܹ˵
װڰֵղҳȥǰ飡ѾȥҵĹ˾ϰˣҲȥˡ
Ĺ˾û뵽ֽԼĹ˾ԺҪʲôҪϼŰæĵط֨岻ݴǰ
Ҳĵ˵
û˵ϼǲиİ
ø磿Ǽŵٶ̵ʶҸ磿
Ҹҵ˻Щ尡Ҳεҡҡͷ
Ͽ׵СôˣϼŻ޷˰
ϣҡҲ֪Ҹɶ˰һԿҲǳĬҲŵøϽ
ôǵôһλɱǰĶˡ
û£֮ǰյʱСеҹȥѾûˡҲƺϼš
ʱǸһŰϲ֮ҪԼ²̨Ҳȡѡ
֪ʲô飬˵ûˣҲԵһ
Ĳ֪Ҫ˼ҽĸԼƽĻӦô죿  Ͽ׵ԺСӵʲôĻֱҡȥǣǷˣ
ϰһŮ˵Ļ𣿡һʵ
ɫһүүҡⲻǰ
Լүүôһ㣬ҲǷֺԼղŵӣһҽѧʿһϵСһ㣡  һЦŵҿϲ
ҲһڨЦһǾ仰Ժõҵĵطһ𡭡
ϼŸǵҵӦҲûʲôɣ׿һʵ
֡ϼţ˵ϼŵˣɴ۾ʵ
ǺǣСϼŵĶ³ƺҫԼһ㣬˵ҲоһԺ
ǸƳȫĻױƷǸ˰ҲǾˡ
ԭΪ׾ǿһҽû뵽׻Ĺ˾Ȼ˼ҿġ
ĿĿףг˲˼飡
׿ˣȻϵѣԺֻҪܹԼʱܺҲῼǵġҸϻһЩҪ̸㡭
ҡҼҲе飬ǡǾʹ쵼̸˰
ѾܵʱҲǷɿģ֮ҲŵЩ겻ˡ
úõ˲ҪȥһЩԼ飬Ҳʹ˼ʹ
һǵһǣ  һһ㱻˸ˣҲ£  һ뵽ǿֲݣоҪ˵仰ĻϼŵǴڲڻ˵ء
ߵʱѾ¶ҪʹǰˣҪһεĻСҲǳԲ  ȥӣҲЦŵϼӦúúõĹһˣһʲô
үүȥҵµ˵̫ˡҲǳ
ЦŵСְǿһûкȾ˰ϽİɣϽ³
ϴ˿̺Ȼ뵽ʲô׵ҲЩŹ




1376¡á
 

ϵļУ  һƲѾǱˣϺλá
׺Ҳķλ
үү󲡳Ȼо㲻ܺȾưһԼүүȻĵ˾ƣҲֵ˵
΢΢һЦȾû£Դٽڵ³ǴлָĿԸһЩ̫࣬Ҽɣ
ܺôࣿҸղŴԼ뱭û뵽Ȼ˵ҿԺȰ
ʱǸСһһøƣ
Ҳ飬һˣϲƵ˲
Ȼ֪Լүүϲʲô⼸ԼүүȾƵĴҲԽԽˡ
Ͼһ첻һˣȻҲٺΪˣ  ׵ۣЩƵ˵ҳҽǳĸ߳Ⱦܹүүõĸ죿⡭Ҳ̫˼˰ɣ
С־ֻΪı£ǰҲģЦе˵
ž㣬̾һΪⱲӿ϶ںȾˣû뵽컹ܹ߸ѳ̸һ治֪Ӧ˵ʲôˣ
ϺαظҿأʵһжӦģЦŵǹ֮Ǿ˺ܶˣ
֮ɲҵСְҾǹ֮ղ˵Ǹϼ˵ģ˹Ҳİ
Ĵָ˭һ˵ϼǲ׻ƵĽأ  ҲǵͷСְ˵Ҫһˣ֮ǰHKѾ۸Ǳ߱ˣҪĻ֪HKǸʲôӰ
ϣĪҪɷ˰һҵҲ׬ĸһ׬ǧ𣡣֪ûңHKҲǿԶȹһεѹصġǵı׻ƣ׻ʮˣʲô
׾ԼľƱϺ϶һ£Ȼһ  þǰ
һε˴ĴָףԽԽϲ  СֶǹҵĹԶԶֹڴ˰֮ǰϲΪʲôܹΪǽ𣿡
Ͽ΢΢һЦ
ǰΪʲôأΪĿźʵ
Цŵġ
˵꣬ϾͰһ˶ԶԿڿͽߵ˵˳
˵ֽ֮ǶAĸϣó˵һͨ
һԵϼֱͳСˣ
𾪵Ŀźϵ⺽ĸĲСָṩģǡǸ羹ȻҲСƳģ
ܹκүүĲҾƳһǲڻ°
˿̣ѾΪ׵ļʵӵˡ
ŮǳӢ۵ģӢù˵ܣ  ΢΢һ̾СС;Ȼ˵Ĳܣֱǿź
ǰС˵ֵֵãϿЦʵ
С֮ǰһֱ׶ǹڻСʱѾɷŭ˳ݣ
΢΢һЦԺ˭Ҫǲҵһվ

ҲһЦݣմ˿ҲǱñȽϵǢ
׿źϺЦŵϺϣһĲʲôܹǿ֮£ȻҲԸΪһЩס
СְɲģΪѾǹ˰Ҳǵ
һԵ˵Сְжû
һҸСѾж˰ϵŮǿһ
ϹһЦһԵҲЩ֮ӣ
źϵſϺ龹ȻҴţǿ˰˵Сְ߻ûʲôûſŮ
үүʲôҵԼҪģ
һŮ˵ʱҲЩʧ䣡
ܿĵԼ״̬ôˣ˼ŮȻǺġ
˵ˣҲʶģ֪ԼȣƯҲһ㣡  ȻҲΪԼǸŮɸһȣֲһˡ
ŮӢۣӢֺγϲŮأ  ˼ϾҲӦõģô˼ҾԼүүǾҵľˣ
ҲǱϺһ
Ͻ˵ϣǵ֮ǰҸ˵Ļ𣿡
ѽ㿴һ˷ܶˣС֣˵йڿȼĿĶĻǼٵİ
һпˣһ˵ȼ˾Ͳһˡ




1377¼
 

ȼĿϣ
Ѿǰ׼ˣʵּڸ߿Ƽ磬ѾǹʱĿƼˣ  ֮ǰĹĿҲԹ㷺õܶ
Ҫ۵ľ⣡
ԴãҲĿǰҪһϾһĹȻҲܹ  ǱϾһЩǲܹģ
ԣԴȻǶƱȽϵĺã
˵ܲܲôһ˵ǲǣ
ЦŶϵȥƺҲѾϰϵӡ
ϿźЦŵһˣԼϰˣ㻹ûϰ߰Ӧð㿴Ц˰
оִŵˣֵ𾴵ˡûִŵˣǵҲܷչĳ̶Ȱ
׿Ҳ΢΢һЦ˿ϸоһǳɰˡ
ѵֵ  Ͽ׵Сְ㶼켱˰ĶʲôطøҿĿǰǵĿȼĿҲǽĽ׶ΣǾһѹ޷˷ȡʱǸоԾ
СְȼĿкܶĹҶоĿǰս˵ĻҹѾǺܶˡҲЦŵ
ϼȼĿһɹδȾԴķչõġһǵԴ⹩ʱĴ緶
Цŵϣ˵ȼĿ֮ǰһ£أ
ڵȷǹ㷺ˣĿǰںܶ෽滹ûг̾һȻʵҲоһⰡ
Ǻǣǹ˾ĿǰƵ쳽һŵأӦҲ˵İɣ׿ʵ
쳽һŵŪģһĴﵽǵָĻǽһ˵ı
ҲòϣĿǰ͵صļԣ̴ﵽ˵ĳ־ãõǹܵĻ  ؽĻһԵĸı䣡
ʵ̫ƵˣβڻȾҲž޴Σġ
׵ͷһǵʱ򣬿Ѿصĸŵǵˣ
Ѿв˵ȫڻҲһѾǵ˲òһ̶˰
ҲҴţʵĿǰѾûΪһŵĻ⡣
÷ˣǶڻҪҲԽԽߣ  һǰҲΪʲôǹҴоȼĿһԭΪȼĿһоɹǾζһֽྻȸȾԴˣǹԺĻҪӰ죡
״ԼĶͳ˼ֽʵЩֽȻȥࡣ
ȫ¼ſȼȡķ˵ȡҪʮ굽һ꣡
ȼȡѾǴﵽһǳĵز
оֳͬɵĶϡ
˵ֻҪ⼸ֽ׻һӾܹԴԴǿ
ҽӰ죬ҲǷǳĿ׵ġ
ʱúȻļ۸϶ǲϵµûȾҳԺǿĿȼὥĳΪԴ塣
ڹʮʮ꣬ҽһó֮ôҵĻҲ÷ǳĲ  һó˼ֱֽˣ  ףүүⲻϻҲԿôϿԼүүȻǱ߿ŽζҲЩƵʵ
٣⻹ϻ˰ҲЦŵ
ܿ죬һԲǱ߿  ùһĴȻֱ̫ˣû뵽Ȼȡ֮֮ǰôķ˵ټķ֮ʵݵĻǵȡЧҲܹﵽ
ʲôôܣ֮ǰǸҵıҲѾǲ˼ˣϾ㵵ʵ
һ˵Ϻ飬һƭⶫҿרҵİ̫ˣ˾һŵ밡Һ޲ھͻȥʵ鰡
ЦŵϣҲüһʱɣҲ̫ˣⷹûгذ
ⷹҾͲˣ̸ϻȥźܿͻнİ
Ͽ׼ĲУں޲һͷʵ棡  εʼϣʵҸЩɣֻҪͼЩ˲ͿʵҲҪɣֻҪȽͺ𣿡
ԶԶԣô˵ĳ죬ֻҪձȡˣҹƵĲĻֻҪһСʱͳ̴绰СΣ
˵ͳ˵绰־ʵ塣
һҵĹ״̬Ϊ˹ڷףľ˲أ




1378½
 

ϼĽͨȫķʽ˿Ǳߣ  һεĳ˷һϵһӱô  ոսٺĿƺµͻƣݲɹĻٸǵо˸Եת䲻ǣ
ôܹأ  һ˷ܣƺܿ¶ˣϵҲǿĵĲУ  ϸоԼ֮ƺûʲô¡
СְҪĿɹĻǵһŹ˷ܵ˵
ϣͲҪô˵ˣоôֻ꣬ṩһЩҪİѣҲоģѹҲ
װڰֵɲҳġ
ҪȻҪСȥʵˣϾⶫʵǳǰ̫̫ˡ
ЦŵСְҲ֪Ӧòоģ˵ôæôʱأ˵˵⵽׳λѧҵֱʰ̫˰
ϣˡҲܶ˵˼ҲҪǱܵģЦŵ
ǣҾֹ֪һˣҲְȻΪΪоͼʲôأҪ֪ĶAʲôҵĻӦɵİɣ
˵һ㶼ţ˵ǼˣǼǧֻҪĿĻǹ˼Ҳգһ۾ġ
δ˵ֱ
ȼûκεȾ˭Ҫ
ÿṩĻã¾һˣ˵ⶫ޼֮
ϲô֣Щ˷Ѿ˼оĶȻװͳˡ
Ǵ˽Ҳûô˽ɣ
оľǿ¾һְ
ˣϲǲţǲŰ  һԵĺҲǵСְ֪ΪѱӦõģĺܺ氡ܸܲ˵˵˲ŹҿǷǳҪİ
΢΢ҡͷҷ˺ϺϵӣҵѾȷ˵ˣ˵ĻѶûˣ
ϧ˰˲žȻܹΪáһ̾Ϣ˵
װڰֵϣҾȫûбҪģȵһ㣬ǻôоĳɹޱķ׸ңѾ˵ˣ
ҲǣһоһĶѾǺѵ˰
ҲĴָҲǳ壡
ҲЦŵǰЩ¾ǵӢ۰˵ʵгԺǹһȺĬĬ׵ˣǺγҲǿأ
ϵЩ֣  ôʲô˶ʶĿƼɹŵ¶ڻˡ
ЩѲľͲںƫƫôʶˣ
˵̫̫ˣһҪһ̽ĳ嶯
ֻԼҲ֪ղģ  壡
һ󼱴ٵĵ绰ںϵļ̧ͷ˿ʱӣֿ˿绰ʾһĺ룬ˣ
꣬ӦǽˡһƣȻ˵绰ιС𣿡
ϣ𣿸ղҷʼʱһأСϵһ󼤶˵
Ҫ֪ǿɶΪϵĲѾǶ񻯵һز  ĺܶ˶Ļɢ̫빤ˣĹûô  ϳʲô˵
Сμ˵ϣشͻƣԵشͻư˰̶̼ʱ䣬û뵽оţݣ֪𣿳ɹˣ
ɹˣȷ
ϾĿԼļʵ
СεЩ˵ɹˣϣĳɹˣұ֮ǰԤڵЧҪǿ屶ϣϣǾӹΰ
ϳעⱣܣ
˵꣬͹绰ϳֳƵļ֮飡
ʮˣڳɹˣ
һˮѾǴʪԼ˫ۣײ˵С֣㡭ǹҵĹҡҪ߲㱨Ĺͣϣ
ĳɹˣ˫ϲŰҲǼ˵
ȻڿϵЦ˶óϵּ֮飡  ϣĳɹˣ޴ĳɹ㲻֪֮ǰԤڵЧҪ屶屶һѾоû뵽Ȼ˿ôಽʵ˺հϳ
Ժ׻ڲÿ˵ɫ˰ҲǼ˵
׿΢΢һЦϣ͵ûʲô°ɣйͣǶͷϾˣ
ԲУϰڰֵ
׿ϵϣӦĻԺĺ£ҿɲ˰
ϿףЩ˵˵СְһͷӺѿⲻ𣿡
׹һֵϣû˸ô˵ֻҪ˵ѺҵĻԺʲôöҿɵһ
ˣһȺ˰
˵꣬ϵѾǿЦջĸоǷǳİ




1379ʧ
 

뿪ϵļѾǵڶ磡
һҹ̸˶ǾӵģϻҪȥ㱨ȼ飡
ȻҲˣϵ飬ûдأ
ӦҲôżģ
׾ȴ绰շῴʵʲô  ֮ǰֻǴŵһ飬շͨĵ绰
ŵأ״ͨշĵ绰
շ˾ھǣΪһεӰǣͻȻʧҲЩƣ  ʵҲûʲôΪⲿӰ󲿷ֵϷݣʵѾˣ
ʣµĲһЩϸڷҪֻûŮʵЩɲȥˡ
Ҫǣʧˣĵ绰ͨ  ѾǵˣЩÿ춼߶ţһʲôģʱӰɾʹˣ  ʵûа취շᣬ뵽ܵˣ
û뵽׻ڹأҲֻиżķˣ
ڿ״绰ԼӦѾǵˡ
շ̵ֶھذﰡ
Ҳھǰңȥ㣡շھǣҲǳ
ûã  һҿ棡  շᣬԸоһ˺ܶ࣬ƺһ׶αȽϵۣ  ˵ˣѾдûмշˣ
ŵǲһֱû˯ðȦɶ˰׿շҲ΢Цŵ
շЩε˵ô˯úأӰҪˣȻŮ˲ˣ˵겻갡ֶԭǲҪ鷳ģǡ
˵ŵ⻰ǾͲ˵˰ᵽôˣʵ
ǰӵһ绰˵˵飬ҪȥҲ֪ģȻʲôǣڵĹעҲǷǳĸߵİ
շῴ׳˵Ҳ֪ҵ׳ʲô飡  һ˸绰Ȼ˾ϵˣ
ҲЩ֣ͨѶôôܳأ
ֲӦòʲôɣ
οҲȱǮǸˣӦòųĻ᲻Ҫɽ˰ɣ
Ӧʲô飬ֻڴϵᣬԺûʲô̫İ취  ǰһֱ˽״̬շʵûа취ˡ
𣿡ʵ
ûУҲֶ֪һĻӰɾʹ˰ỹûгпܱ˵ǿĳΪӰƬ򲻵ѵ£ǻѡ񱣻ġ
շ˵ĵʵܶһҹ⸹ѧǵˡ
ֻһͨŮĻûʲô  ɲһͨŮһǱصľǰ˵ʵȻӰƬûʽӳ
ʵѾǸǹ˺ܶһߵˣⲿӰ˵ڴֵǷǳĸߵģ  ׳Űǲ֪ʲôػҪʵĻأİΣҪİ
ǡڱ
շҲЩͿˣôһ˵Ҳʶԣ  װڰֵڱҲûжˣ
ô찡ֶҡϵϰշῴ׵
ϼʲôطӦ֪ɣʵ
ҡһĲ֪շʱҲǷһص⣬ƺļʲôط֪飡  ˣŵҲһĴָȻӦʲôɶİɣӦǼҵĵַ
ŶԶԶԣֶתÿ찡˻Ӳ˰ǩԼʱ򣬵ȷһĵַеġ
շһ׵ѣҲǼæ
һԲӣշϽʼ绰ù˾˲ѯ
ԼĪ˰Сʱ֮󣬹˾ǱǴһͼƬ  ǸܶϢоͰļͥסַ  ʵ֮ǰҲǸĹǵļƺǳһ㣬Ůܹʲôأ
οͷܹǮƺҲǺܶడ  ׿˵ַȻͲùˣȥɡ
ֶȥҪҪҸŸշῴʵ
װڰֵãԼа취ȥģϢͺˣ
Ȼշûи̫õϢֱܵпܳˡ
ڵ׳ʲôҪϼҲ֪Ӧô£  뿪˿㳯дĵַ۶ȥ




1380ҵ
 

׻ϲGDʡ
GDʡغݣ׻Ϊʡ֮һҲ׻ȸԣһʡݣ  侭֮úܶ෢ҲЩĿȻ
۾öôĵȴһȺ˴ڡ
ļҾGDʡһԱߣӦÿGDʡΪƶĵ֮һˡ
ܹ߳˴ŮҲò̾Щʱ˿̫
׸ݵַļҸӵʱȴһ˿ܲѰζ
ߣһֹһ
׵üͷ΢ͨͨС棬ôߵĴڣ
һֹһѲĳΧģ  ײδожôİ磬һҲԲѡطھסİɣ  κһŻ߼壬ʵǶ׽ȪΪŵĸ  ȻĵҪ׽Ķ࣬ȴһֱ׽ġ
Ȼȥһì壬ǵĴȴôศɣ  ׳ļȥԽٽļУȴƺʲôԾĵط  ЩߵϢȻҵķ  Щ˼⣬Ϊʵ̫ͨˣͨԼоû̫츳
ȻҲɣֻķѵĴЩ̫  ȻûԵֺ֣αǿأᣬһֱСӵһ  ȻҲ֪Լ϶һЩ˼ģҲ֪϶̫ʱġ
Щ鳤ʹʹ  ׾վļвԶ˿ԸоЩ߾ڵĵط
ߣʵƺͣ  Ϊ׵ǸˣʵȻﵽ徳ڵĲΣ
׸ֲѣô˾һ  һ׽缴ҪˣҲֳôĶɣ  ֵĺܣûȥֱӪᣬҪһеô£
ǵҪʲôƾʲô߰
һģ׿Ҳһüߣ  ˵ǿʲôأôͨʣСɣ¶мһ۵ģ  Ϊ׵ˣһȥʮµߣ
С㣬һεҪȥϣСܹǣʱ峤Ҳ˵ˣһ
Ҷ˵ˣҲҪҵʲôС㣬Ҿһ˼ҳǰҰôˣҪĻҡ
ƺЩҪŭȴ֪Ӧôŭ  ˣоԼҪˣ
Щ˾ҪԼߣһˣ
ǷҪ˵ԼǼʲôС㣬ôأ  µʱʼԼһƬ峤Ϊ飬Լһ
ֻΪѧϰɼ㣬ȡ˴ѧ  ټرĺãִ磬̥ǣ
ۿһ˾ҪϺˣһԼĸĸȻ绰˵ˣȻ͹˵绰
һТ˳Ůһˣǻˣ  ææĴֳϻԼϼңһصҾͳ飡
ԼƵҪ
С㣬ֻҪӦߣϾǵĹϵȻǣǸΪ֮ƺЩͱˡ
ȴһֱҶ֣׸ֲѣ  Щ˱ƾԼʵȥᣬǿеİҲǿԵġ
ǲûУƺɵ
ڼɵʲôЩ棡  Щ۵ҪʲôҪǮֻҪеҶǣҾԲᱨģ
ǮǺǣС㣬˵һεͬ£뿪طǣûж⡭
Ǹ߿ᣬҲĨһ˿ĲͷҶ֣  ˵ûжûжⰡô֪Ǹʲôģֲ˵֪Ǻ˻˰˵ˣĲ˵ʲôС㣡ô
Ҳ֪ߵ׽ʲôʲôط
ʱ䣬˳Է˯֮أÿ춼ڸЩĥƤӣ
˲˵һĻǾԲܸߵģ  ˵ˣԼԼĸĸϾϵҲǿó
ҲóЩƺڼɵʲôԶְԼȴȴûô
⵽ôһ£ҲǷǳҪ֪
С㣬ǲֻҪ˵ˣ͸ߣ
λߺɵĿ˿ʵʵҲԥΪһ峤صؽԲܹ˵ǵʵͼģ  峤ȴҪذȥֱͲ˸ɵ鰡
ῴλߵ˵ҲŻῼǣǰҪ֤Ҹĸİȫһ̸
ã
ԥƺԼľ




1381ͷ᣿
 

ļУĴԭĺ±ĵǺͲ⣡
ʵѹҲ֪˵ǹʲôģ
˵״ӺζΪʲôҪԼߣ  ǻԼС㣿ⲻǳô
֪ԼԼĸĸģͻȻQһȺ˵Լģôأ  ˵ٵøǰ˵˭ɣ  ǰ˭Լ㲻׵ĻоԼ˵ʲôҲǰ״ˡ
ǸΪ׵ͬԼ뷨ҲɻĿ˿Щˡ
λǳṰ֣ȻС㣬ūϹ£ϺϹң
ϺϹң⡭ʲôʲôС㣿˵Ϲϴˣƣ
ЩƵĿϹ³˵Լһ֮⣬ûʲôˡ
ͻȻһð˵ԼʲôϹҵС㣿оǸЦǻĵˣ
Ϲ΢΢һЦС㣬ôϴأ꣬ҽ˼ҵģѾǳˣһζʮȥ˰
㡭Ϲ˵ʲôΪĹҾŰҸ㣬Ҳǳˣʧ죬ָܶ˶ءá
ῴϹµӣǸое㲻ԾﲻԾԼ˵
Ϲ³С㣬ΪʲôһأΪһƣҲһ֣ʵϹᣬĸǺպϺл᳤Ϲ峤
˵Ҫ˵ٱǲŰ˵ˣʲôϺУʲôϹ壬ҸҲû˵
ἱĶˣоԼǰô˵˵ͨ
˵ͷͷǵ·һ  ԼʲôǧС㣿Ҫ  Ϲ¿С㣬峤ҲһʱԲľҲЩڰ
ʲôϹ嵽ʲôûʵ
˵Ҹ㣬ȥϹ֮ǾԲڵģϹЦŵʱõ벻Ķܹõ
ˣҲҪҹʲôԻˣҲǵġڰֵ
ϣҿǻȴСȥɣҪǵ峤˵Ĵ£ҿɶǵ𰡣
һӣһԵϹҲǷǳĽ  һֱҶ֣Ϊʲô  ΪԼҲвѵĿ԰ǿ峤´
ʲô취ֻҪܹĻص壬Ǵһ
ҪŷĻصأ  νĴһɾҪɴһˡ
ϹȻ֪Ϲ峤ϹսƢϹսƽʱǳĺ˵Ҫ첻õĻǻϾˣ
˶СҪȥģǸȥģϹ³
ʵϣ򲻵ѵ£ҲԲܳ²ߵġ
ǣϣ
˿ϹһŭӣҲȥ
ῴϹµǾͲҪߴˣҲҸǰ˫ɣҾϷһܿ𣿲ҾˣҲûжǮ𣿡
СˣǷ峤֮ġֻҪӦһȥ׽ҪʲôҶԸŪ
Ϲ¿ӣҲƵĺܣС㲻
Ҫһģһ¾ͽˡ
Ȼˣ̬ȷǳľԽϹµоԽûʲô
Ҳ˵κεĻˣҪܻɱҵĻϤ㣬ҲᷴҲˣҪҸһ׵ߣûţߣ뻹Ҷˡ
дһ˿ļᶨʵҲ˸ԼĥƤʲô˼  ɱˣԼߺžͺôʱ䣿ͼʲô
С㣿Ϻϻ᣿Ϲ壿  ᶼеоԼĳӰ֮еŮһ㣬ֻʵǸое㳶
С㣬ʵڲӦĻҿֻеˡ
Ϲ΢΢һ̾ʵҪǿ峤ѾԼҪǿġ
Լǿ˵Ļص壬˵ҲԼ
һ㣬ǾᾹȻϺеĵϵС㣿
ֻ츳ʵЩ׽
˵ˣҪɱҪУϤ㣡ֻҪ˺ҵļˣҲƹǵģдһ˿ĺ
С㣬ҵѾڴ˵Ⱥգ֮ȴ鲻áСҲģ׵ļˣҲܵʲô˺ġС㣬ˡūˣ
ϹҲûκεİ취ͳһ˹ȥ  ֻǶ֪ǵı󣬻һ˸Ҳͬķ򡭡




1382Ϻ
 

GDʡĳɽ֮УһƬƵϢ
ʤأÿο֮һ㣬ʤ
׻켣Ⱥ֮УȻҲ˷֣Ͼʵһ˻ĺѷ֣  Ϲµһ·ɽȵһط֮ȴһС˹ȥ  СէһûʲôرֻдĸֹֽͨУ
Ȼƺ޶ãȥ֮ûйñʧ˺֮У·ֹһ㣡
˽ȥûжã׷м˽ȥͼӵʱ䣬Ѿˣ  ôôˣʲô
ԭԼôóȻĽȥ¶ĿԻǲСġ
ڿʲô¶¶İطֱгһˣ
һĹ򣬶Ѿǽöˣ
Ƚȥ˵ϾҪȫ
ᵱϹڣȻҲԤҪĻҲԹۡ
һвǿԼ̬ȣǿϹ̬ˡ
ĴУ  к׻ǽˣڤҸԼ֦ͬҶʵԼҲԸ
ϹҪڲԸĻĴоȥе˰  ײҪ̫࣬ЩʱҲûа취  ڵľ̫幬з֣ںͶȵȺܶżͲǾ̫幬ڱ˸أ
Ϊʲô  ΪԴӾ̫幬̫ڣȡʮλ֮У
ڵľ̫幬˿Ŷ£ΪĵĿ¾һˣ
ʮλλôҲȲ̫ڰɣ
˼Ҿ̫幬ǰĿɲˣ
֮˯
ڸоԼͷ֮һ
ڵǿǴӶģһ֮ףһĴ֮һ֮ʵЩ˸оֲ  뵽ЩЩһͷ  ʵʹһ壬ͿǺ˶Բߣֻ̻ʵǻǰӿ˽ѣ
׻磬ǾһһŲ߳İ  ڶλҽɽ̫򣡣  ÿһҲЩС֮ǰ置аɣо׻ҪʹһҪӺܶడ
룬ƺû̫ܵ谭ͽһڷеĵط  طĹģƺҪ֮ǰһЩЩҪ̫ˣ  ϺУ  ׻ķ֮һ˵Ѿܹ֮ΪУԳ֮Ϊһˣ  еĲֻּ֣һסլһ̣  һۿȥССʵ̫̫ˣмɢءסᡢרŴʯĻ
⼸׼ķ֮һˣ˱ڤеһƴ֮⣬ȥҶҷУʵҲߵһ
ȻЩ̺ͽֵľͷȻһţǵŵıһ޴ĻǴ
΢΢һ̾ȻǴһЩλʮſܶҪһЩɣ
ֻЩ󷨣ھ׵ҲǸѣ
׵ʶܿǰŵᣡ
˿̵ѾһƬͣΪоԼһ磬һԼûм磡  Щ˵ĴŴ˹ŴһЩУưĴǣȴжһ־η֮ģ  Ⱥ֮УʽŮУ  ¿ȥŮףֱ࣬һż尡
ôĿŮƺȥһܹΪһ㡣
Ϲϣλǣ
Ϲ´ǵڳ֮ǰڳԿŵϹ֣˵һУ  ײòҲ֪ΧķӦϺеĵܲⱳڳǣӦþϹܲˡ
ſڣһϹзεӣסϹ¶һ˿Цʵ
үô⣿֪峤ǷڳУ
Ϲ¿Ŷӣ㶣ӲǱˣϹĶүϹ𣡣
ϹЦһϹ£˵ȥΪװˣⲻǸʲôðɣǺǣΪܹҵõʹȻһĲ
үҡҪϻȥһ峤˵Ĵ¡Ϲ³
ʲôɶҲˣҶҵǸɵҪϹǸţҪ֪Ϊɵ֪𣿡
ϹƺϹʮֵĲ  үص߾Ϊסҵȥ·Ҫ֪峤˵˼Ҳûеҵİɣ
Ϲ³Ȼ֪Ϲ˼  ϹϹ岻֮һ֮ӣ  ûϹĵĻӦþΪ貵һ飬峤֮λҲֿɵã




1383Ϲ˼
 

Ϲ壬ڳſڣ  Ϲż˲δڣվ˳ſڡ
˿̾ôϹ´һȺվǱߣȴδ˽ȥ
ϹµıЩŭɿȥҵǰϹļһ
֪Ǹ׵˼Ϲ£ɱˡ˱ǸʲôģϹ
Ϲ¿Ϲʲô峤˶飬ĪǶүѾϹ峤˲ɣ
㡭õúܣϹ㾹ȻҸԣϹЦһ
ūңūֻ֪峤˵˼СոջүӦһ¾ɣð
Ϲ¿ϹϹɫѿ˼㣡  Ϲ£ȲݵŮӣ͸Ǽ֮Уҿǻ˰ɣһŻ߼ļϸô죿
Ϲⴿľûˣ
ʵϣϹȻԵϹôģ˵ϹϣϹǸˣ¾Ϲˡ
ϹһУ峤ϹսжŮŸ  ֻŮĶǶӣ
ĿǰϹ峤֮Ѿǵ˰Ȼĵز
ϹǿϣΪϹ峤һλ
ֻϹ廹һ˶в޴
һŮҲϹһ֮У츳ߡʵǿϹģ
ϹΪʲôҪֹһɵϹϹ壿
ĿֻһǾһεҶҸϹĶע
ҶҺϹڼԿУˣ
ʱҵĶעֻһǾӮһȢһŮ
ҶʹˣϹ峤ϹսֻһŮŮϹ츳ڣǱޣ  ΪҪǣһεҶеĵλ  Ȼ˻ϹҲĶ࣬ȴûҶĶࡣ
Ҷע֮ϹսȻԥôأ
Ĵ֮һ峤ʧȥһŮҲᶪӵġ
ֻǵ˵һ̣Ϲսȴֲ츳ڵϹļ޳ȥ
Ϊʲôö˶˵ģᱻץһԭ  ٻΨһļֵǴϹģҶң  Ϲ֪ϹȻҲ֪
ϹȴҪԼвϹļҶңԼԺûʲôвԼΪһ峤ˡ
Ѳ޳ȥŮˣִܹϹ壿ǾԲܵģ  Ϲ˿ҲĨһ˿ɱ  Ϲ¿Ϲүÿ
ҪҲأѲ׼ԱٶֲɣϹЦһ
ūңɶүҪˣϺеķУϹܲŶүӲҪҵĻǵʱ򴫵峤˵ĶУǿ¡
Ϲ²вϹ𣬿֪ʱҪһѡ
ϹλȨأ
Ϲ˭֪ʵϹϣΪһ峤֮ˡ
˵Ϲ²ӦõϹ𣬿峤ġ
˵ˣ峤˼ȻҪϹСҶң˵һ峤֮λҲһҪϹġ
Ϲ֪Ψһѡֻܹʹҳ峤ˣֽ׶Ϊȫġ
֮ѺĴۣҪôǷɻڴҪô֮أ  Ϲ٣ɰ
ϹϹЩŵʱ򣬴ӷеĴ߳˼ˣ
Ϲ𿴵ˣɫһҶ١Ҷ٣ǻǵȲ
˲ǱˣҶһϵˣ  Ҷ٣ҶǺӣҶ٣Ҷǳ
׿ҶǳʱҲ¶һ˿Ц⣬֮ǰЩӴǵһϣһƺԼҲһҰ  һҪһμԼĻܹˣ  Ϲ٣ʲôνԸķϹ嵱λӢ۵˵һ䣬жԼĻҶҾ޶ͷߣ
ҶǺӣȥʵҪһԵҶǳҪǿܶ࣡  ׿˿ҶǺӣȷҲһλżˣˮľ˫
һͲǺܴ󣬿ʵȻѾﵽ徳ڵĲΡ
һӦҲЩİ  ҶǺӣϹȻ˵㻰ϹʵͲҶǺһء
ϹһڵĻǵʱһоˣ
˵㻰ͺã֪Ϲ峤ڣҶǺӰȻʵ
ڣҶ١ҶٲھҪҸ״˰ɣϹʵ
ȻҵȴܵߣѲΪ˹ϺеƺҲûʲôǸȤĶ
ҶǳϹҲ֮һ˿ļʵ
ҶǺЦŵ֮ǰĶһսĶ֮ˣҳ˼ĺ룡Ϲ٣Ժҵȶһˣ𣿡
㲻ܵóԸ˰Ϲ
ҪڲɣҶǳһϹ仰Ҳŭһ
ȻҶٺҶٽˣ粻ɣȥͨ峤˾˵Ҷλٵˡ
ϹһԵļ˳
Ϲ¿Ϲв֪ЩʲôδзϹ
һ˾ȻͬʱϹĻ˹ȥ




1384¿ҪҶǺ
 

һȦĸо  ô˴˷ɾһĵطо֮ǰȥһЩξҪֺ̫̫ˡ
оϸûĵطƺԼһ磡  ǺͺĲ棬һȴʲô£  ῴԼѾǱ˵ʣ˾һѣѲɻбҵ  ǰЩ˵ʲô  ʲôҶңʲôϹ壬ѹҲû˵
ôĸ˽Ϲڲ˿˶վϹĻȴ峤Ϲսĳ֣
ԼĪһĹ֮һθߴӴżѾߣ  ῴˣоԼ˾ȻмֵƣĸоԼһ˿Ŀ־֮ɫ
ѲɸղǸ˵ģԼѲǱС㲻ɣ  Щ㲻˼ҿȥ˵ݻѲɾûԼһ֮
ԼǱĻҲڻȥˣ  ΪѾǰ֮ǰԼ׽ĸĸԼˣЩˣ·еĹһ㣡  ֪ʲôδ˵  Ϲս֮ΧɨһȦʵղŽʱѾǿˡ
Ϲ£ˣϹսʵ
峤ˣѾˣϹ¹óǰϹս쳣ء
Ϲս΢΢׵ţ°ɣ
ҶҶǺӡҶǳݼϹ峤
ҶǺӺҶǳϹսʱҲǷǳأҪ֪Ϲսʵɲ⣬ϾǿΪ磡
ҶҺϹʲôڻʲôĻʱǿϹսҲֻܹˣ
ϹսһЦû뵽λֶȻ죬ɡ
Ϲ峤ЦˣΪҵҪǰδɩӻȥϾҶһοҪһģ
ҶǳϹսҲ¶һ˿Цݣ  ˻һϹսɫҲǷǳѿǻĴϹ  ϹսסŭҶǳ΢΢һЦȻҶϹͬΪĴ֮һҪǲһ㣬Ҳҵġ
ҶǳһЦϹ峤֪ʱܹ߰
ʱ
Ϲս˿̿ϹᣬֻһƳȴתͷ
ֻдһ˿֮ɫԼŮҲһ֮²ͳȥġ
ϹսԱߣһǵŮվһԣɫ·κ޹һ  ŮǱˣϹϹģ
濴ŮʱȻҲһԣ
ôҲû뵽Ϲ壬ȻһԵĳţһ˲оԼһûа
Ϲ峤ˬ죬ĶǲǿԸˣ
ҶǺӳһԵϹ΢΢һЦһ˿ȣ
Ů˲ǳ಻Ǵԣ
һԼȢŮˣԺԼҶҵĵλҲǳ׵ȹˡ
ҶǺӼǣԼϹ˵ϣпܳΪδֿȵķ
ǿǿϣ
ҶǺӿϹ֮Ľϣǿǿϵһְ
ĶǺǣȻҲҵŮҵŮֲֹһֻ˵ҪҵŮ޸ǣȴû˵ҪĶ޸ǰɣ
ϹսЦһҲǳϷʵζ  ҶѾǴ飬Ҫ鳹׵׵Ĵһ
һҶңҲǸо޹⣡
Ǵһˣܲ  ϹսڸҶҶԶĵʱʵѾ·
ֻʱΪԼŮϹĲҶ֮ˡ
ϹĺҶǺӵıȶȴҶǺӵʤճ
״ˣ㡭㲻Ҫü޸ɣϹĿԼĸü֮һĨɫʵ
ߣϹ峤ϹģǱ߸ʲô˫ˣΪһǣãϹĵϵ֮УֻһŮǾϹġ
ҶǺӸղϹս˵ʱһûаԼıӶˡ
ҪĽడ
˵õϹģôŽͱأ
ǧ㣡  û뵽ϹսȻ׾ӵݼƭǣ  ֹһŮⲻǳô  һԵҶǳֱ׵˵Ϲ峤ֶҶҵĻҶҲǳصģ
ôҶѲɻҪϹ忪սɣߣԲѣո㣬վԱߵˣҲҵŮ
ϹսԼδıŮҲ֪Щʲô
һԵϹĺȻ¹״ˣô
һʱ䣬ϹսҶǺӵ˶סˣ
⵽ʲô




1385ĵϹ
 

Ϲսסˣ
ȻûиϹ֪ϹĲҪ޸Ҷ֮ˡ
ΪϹĵϵţԼ۵ŮϹսôһУ  û뵽Ҷ֮˷ҲˣԼŮҲˡ
ԼҲЩˣ
һԵϹϹĵĶӣҲЩ
ƺһϷڿʼһ㣡  Ķô
ϹսԼŮһӲ֪Ӧ˵һЩʲôˡ
Ϲĳ״ˣôһͱˣ׽һѲҪܵ˺𣿡
ģⲻ٣ɵ̫ϹҲһѰ˼ңҲΪð
Ϲս̾һʵΪᣡ
ȻˣҲΪһӣ
Ϲսɲű˵ŮȻʣ
ʵϣҲΪʷģΪһŮʱǿǴԣҲڵϹģ
ڶŮȻƽӹһ֮˶ĵز
ϹսԿ
ΪӣΪϹ岻˳ЦȻȻᣬϹ´˷  ûἰȴû֪  ʵϣϹ˼֪飬ֻû˸ǰ˵ѡ
ϾϹսûӵ飬˭ҲɵҪȥ  ȵȡ
ῴǱֵ˵ţ̲סˡ
ԼΪһˣȻһԵȨûУоԼһп޵ˡ
ֲɵӣȻóҪԼʲô
û뵽˷Ѿ˼ĴԼȻҪԼ޸һ֪ʲôطðˣ  ԼȻһķȨûУ
ɭϵĵȼƶȣվԼǰʲôˣ
Ǵ׽ˣӵŵľǹƽ֣  á
ϹĿᣬԭޱӣȻ¶һ˿΢Ц
νһЦǣ
ҶǺӿϹĵЦݣһʱЩˣ
ҿɲʲôãھҪ֪ҵʲôطǵʲôˣ˰ȻһЩǡ
ʵһЩЩֹ֣ѹҲ֪Լʲôط  ã׽İλĸסϹĿ
ףʲôЦҵĸԼʶԲȻǿڿ˵ЩĻҲҪΨһ뷨ǣܹҳȥҲطˣ
̬ȷǳȷȻĺ£Ӧ˵ĻȴҪ˵꣡  ΪоԼҪǲ˵Ļ¶ûлȥˡ
󵨣ȻӸ״ˣϹᣬ𣿡
ϹϹᣬֱһƳϹķ˹ȥ
飡
Ϲսһӣһ޴ĳһվȣ  ˿̣ɴ۾ˣʲô
Щ˷ǵϵЩָһ㣬֮һܹ֮ص֣  ԭһֱΪ϶ǳǷˣЩ˿϶ʲôͨ˰  ״ˣȻҶ
ϹҪһЩʲôղܹĻȻ֮أ
û뵽Լĸ׾ȻֹԼһĲ
Ů˲Ϲôܼ޵ĳȥأ  ˣ£ǿáϹսĿһɡ
ǡ״ˡ
ϹȻˣδȥⳡϷô׵Ĵأ  ῴϹսҳҵĸףһͽҲˣΪʲôҪһأ
ᣬΪȷһʱ嶯Ϲսһƽ͵˵
һʱ嶯ͿԼŮҪѪ֮ˣҲΪһװɣ
ҲЩߣԼǲŮЩܣ  ᣬΪȻ֪һΪΪ˸һ£ҶҴҶǺӣšΣ֮
ϹսᣬʼҶǺ٩٩̸
ῴϹսЦһǣŮǱ
ãô˵
ϹһԼþȻ˵Ҳŵһ¡
ϹսĲȣϹĵȴôĴۡ
Ϲս΢΢ֵ޷ĶѾͲ˵ˣ
Ѿ״ˣûСˡǲ̫
ĿϹսЩ۵˵
ߣҵľѾҶǺӣһ֮ڣϹ뿪Ϲ壬ֱˣ
ϹսҪ˵Щʲô֪ԼŮһӲ֮ˣ  ỹã϶Ӳܵģ  ĿǣһںģҶҪǸʵļ۸񣬷ҲҪ룡




1386磿
 

ҶǺŭˣ  оԼϹ裬ȢϹĵģȴһûϹᣡ  ׵ŭˣ  ҶǺϹ峤ĪΪҶ²ɣ
²Ҳ֪ܹȷֻһ㣬ǾϹҲϹսŮһǿԲ֤ҲԶţ
Ϲս΢΢ЦԼСӻһ㣡
Ϲ峤ȻǺüƲ߰磬Ȼ˵Ļǻʲôأȥ£ȻϹҵȣҵȻҲνϹ峤ŮϣҵҪ˭ˣ
Ҷǳ֮һ˿֮ɫ  ҲŭˣҶҵӿɶȥˣû뵽վȻһ֣
ʱЦĿɲϹ壬Ҷң
ǿº˵ȢϹģȴϹᣬǵ飿  ѾȢȢϹĸԼҶҴʲôôˣ⣡
Ϲսһǻ  ԼͼһŮ˵һ£
ͲϹкθأ
ҶҪԼŮĻʵ˵Ҳǡ
˻˵СʲôģϹսһεɽˡ
ϹսЦ˼޳ȥŮóȥˮ޳ȥһ̣Ϲ޹ϵ
״ˣôԡ
Ϲ֪ܲԼĸʲôˣ
ԼĸײһʯĳˣôܽոճŮֱأ  ȻԼôΪ˱ȫԼıȫҪģ
ϹģڻϹ峤ѲҵĻҪΥɣ
ϹսһƺЩͷˣ  ԼΪ˱ȫԼλ֮Ůû뵽飿  峤ˣϹһջسԸҶҡ
ϹĿóҲһΪԵˣֻ˭Ҳû뵽ȻҶҵ˵һ  ⲻϹս׵²̨
ϹģǺôĵӣ
Ϲһεվ˳һվûй۲ƣһվԼĸɫѾѿ˼㣡
Ϲ峤Ը⽫СҶңҶԸΪƸ񣡣
ҶǺӴ˿ҲסŭҲû뵽ϹľȻ̬ȣ  ֻܹˣ

Ϲսһ˿̰֮ɫҪ֪κһ˵Ǿջеջ󰡣
Ƕ޼ܹ֮Ǯģ
֮ǰҶǺӺҶǳδ룬ΪǾϹһӦģ
ʵΪ˷ֹϹʱҪƸǰ׼ġ
ȻֵǣҶ֮ΪһԵֵ۵ģ  һĻϹȢҶҵĻǽϹĿ³׵׵ľͳΪҶҵˡ
ս
ʵΪϹĵģһѰѿصҲģ
Ϲ峤Ӧ֪ҶǴʮֵĳġļֵ
ҶǺҲٶ˵ʲôˣֻҪϹսӣ֪ʵϹսѾĶˣ  Ϲ峤Ӧ֪ɩʼҪ˵ġǸһ֮˵ĻµʱϹ峤һҲòɣ
ҶǳҲǶ֮飬֮˵
״ˣֻҪãԸȥҶңԸȥϹĿధ˵
һԵϹǰľҲϲ񣡣
Ϲս״ˣǿνǼֵǰҿ硭
ߣҪŮ޸ǣ֪ΪĶ˶ٵѪ
ϹսԴǵĿҶǺʵ
ҶǺ΢΢һЦϹ峤˵ֻۣҪҶܹģǶȻԹԣ
ı
ϹսĨһ˿̰֮ɫһԵϹĿԼ׵ӣЩŵĿԼĸף
֮ǰֻΪԼĸΪ˱ȫԼ˺ԼãҲΪ˱ȫԼöվġ
û뵽ԼԼ׵ֵֻı  ֻҪıƺԼ޸κһˣѲԼԼֻƷ
Ϲ峤ĪΪҶԩͷɣıҪҶҰǼޣɵĻֻоʹ˱ˣҶǺ
ɡ
Ϲսƺͨһ㣬ЦЦʵղѾǷǳˣ  û뵽ҶһడһϹһ¥˰
һףѲŮĳ𣿡
ῴϹսӣҲǳ׵ŭˣ  Ϲ峤ŮȻʺܲɳ൹ǲҪȻһһ
ҶǺӵԱߣҶǳҲ۷ŹĿһԵٺһЦ
ãȴߣģϹս¶һ˿Цݵ
һΪ
Ҷǳֱӳķ˹ȥõһﰡòϹģϹҲǲ




1387׵Ա֮
 

ϹĻУ
ҶǳѾǶĿֻһǾȥɬޱȣžֵŮ
гŮֿζûгԹ
Ҷǳû뵽׽磬ȻҲȹɫ˵Ů
㡭ҪҡҪ˰
鼱֮£  ᾹȻ˱֣һԵҶǳһͷˮƺû˵ʣ  ߣ㸸ѾңԺҵŮūˣ
ҶǳƺϹսһ㣬ʵҲҪַͨϹսŮʧǲưոݵġ
ֻϹսƺΪһԵϹĿϹս״ˣ롭Źðɡ
ᣬ˰ˣ
ΪҶǳҪһ̣ǺȻһվߣȥʵǺǿ  ִ硭
ᾪˣôҲû뵽طԼȻף  ڸϸ룬һеΪʲôҲҪ֪Ϊʲôط  ڿףƺһ˲·𰲶˺ܶ࣡  Ϲսףüͷ΢΢Ϊ˸Ϲˡ
һԵҶǺӺҶǳҲ㶣Ҷǳƺһϳף  Ȼ֪׵˭ǵУ
һϱڤҴԼ²̨飬Ŀġ
һοˣֱ̫
㣡
Ҷǳ׳˽ƺ˼ɵӣҲǳ
ǳʶһҶǺӿҶǳʵ
˵ˣôʶ֮أ
ǰҶǳȻʶƺһЩԹӣһ˵ȵȤˡ
Ҷ٣ѣ
ϹսҶǳˣҲǲ̲ʵ
ҶҵˣȻҪӵģҶҵˣҲûκεļֵˣ
ϹսЩ֣˵ôģ  ѣߣҿɲʲôѣҪ˵ѵĻҿѻ࣡ҶǳЦһ
ڤҵϹսҲʵ
˹°һУܹΪѣǹͷҲС
ȥڵʱҾСû뵽쾹Ȼˡ
ҶǳһֲԩҲͷĸо  ׿Ҷǳ΢΢һЦҶ٣иһ£
֪ҶˣСӻͦʶȤô㿴ˣֻҪ㺰һүŮҲҪˣ㣡
ҶǳԭͿۣƯһЩ֮⣬ἸһǴ  ھȻлǰԼԹӣȻǾû˰  ִ磬㡭ô⣿ῴףҲǵǲѣ
Ϊ˵Ǹʲôģڸûи㶮ЩһŹֵĺܡ
˵ʲô簡ʲôģѹҲ  ںȻ֮俴׳ߣһӶ׵
û£ᣡĸ첲ȻתҶǳǲˣ
ǳɵӴʲôطðİҶǺ²˳٣ǻǸϽȥҪ
ߣСӣÿ
Ҷǳ׵ӣ׼֣
ῴǼһȭͷ׵˹ŵöסԼ۾  飡
һƵȭͷȭͷҶǳһ˺  ĹͷЩ¸ĸо
ײδ̫࣬ĿɲҶǳһֻǸСආѣ
Ϲ峤Ѳͷһ߶֣Ҷңȿ֮ͷˣ
ҶǺӸҶǳȣҪȽĶ࣡
£ȻȽϹս
Ϊ˼ıȽȫ棬һȻѣͷС  ϹսǶնɱ˵Ļʱǳ⣬ҲϹսù  һʯ֮ƣҶǺȻҲȥģֻԼʵЩ̫찡
Ϲս΢΢һЦʵ֪ǣ
Ϲ峤ʵҽŸһ׿Ϲս΢΢һЦ
Ϻд⣬Ȼǻӭֻ֮ǲ֪ǴķأϹսʵ
ܸоһЩ֣˵
ʵֵֻһ̫ˣ򶨵Щ£ϾԵĿа  Ҵķʱ͸룡ڸ߲㿴Ϲ峤ŮԸıĴۣǰס
״˻һϹսɫЩǺ֮ɫһ˷֮ȼհ
ı  Ա֮ʩ  ӲľͱȸղҶҶһϹļ޸˭Ǽޣ  ֻҪһõóıͷˣ
һԵҶ֮ˣһֱĸоʵ̫Ŀӵ˰·ɱһ̧۵ġ




1388ɬҶ
 

ˣ
ҶҴٺҶɫε˼㣡  ҪƴҪƴĻҶ¹˭  һҲ̫һһ־ı
Ҫ֪ļֵںһĴڰĶôóأ
ҶңõóֵҲᳬʮ  Ҫ֪ҶʲôĴڣǿ縻ɵйĴڰ  ʮѾǵļˣ
ϹսһЦ٣
˻һҶǺӺҶǳɫһεı˱䣬ϹսϺ갡
ҪŮ޸ǰ˱ˣҶóĻҲǺȢϹˣ
Сӣ֪˭
ҶǺӿףЦһҶԣʸ  ˭ҺûжĹϵɣ
׻ȥһƵӣҲǸֻȥǳĽš
㡭úúãϹ峤ҪˣղѾ̸㲻ᡭ
ҶǺӿϹսȻ֪һ϶Ǳһ˿ϣʵ
Ҷ٣ҿɶˣȻһɾǰɣȻִԸóıе̸ˣ
ϹսʵȻܲɿȴһ̵
Ϲĵ¶ʧı飬˿Լһ˿صĻһ㣬Ϲ飡  ԭԼĸŬԼȻҪԼ  ԼŮܹˣʲôأ
Ϲһˣĵоһľ֮ɫ  ִ磬ǡǸ˾Ȼ˵Ůֻһˣһ˽Ρ
׿ЦŵӦôˣϲĻϹ峤Ӧþĸףü֮䶼óȽϵ񣡣
ִ磬㡭ҲôΪɫһף˿һԵϹĵǡ˾ҽ㣿ɡ
û£ˮʯһ죬֮˵ɣ׳
ðɡ
ڿף΢İһЩҲɻԴԣ
źܶҪף֪ڸֲ˵
ҶǺӿϹսϹ峤ѲɾͲ˳Ц𣿡
ЦǺǣҶ٣˵Ļֻ˵Ϊδ伶Ϲս΢΢ҡͷȻ𣡣
һ𣡣ҵǺϹ峤ֱʣȻ˵Ļҵ֪Ϲ峤Ƿأ
׿Ϲս˭Ҳôģ  һԵϹս⣬Ȼ⣡ھܹóıھͿԴߣұ֤ǿ԰ȫ뿪Ϲң
Ϲս˵һ֣Ȼ֪ҶһҲǷǳǿ  ϾҶǺӵأҶδ峤ⱣҶȻҲǲġ
Ϻеķ֮УҶɳλ龳ĸǰ
ֻǲδϹѣ
ãɽ
׿ϹսһЦͬʱѾǶı  һԵо׾ǱħһóıҲʿˮһӲ֪Ӧ˵ɶˡ
ȻϹս¶һ˿̰֮ɫ
Сӣʲôͷ
ҶǺҲסˣû뵽һﾹȻľóı  ıСӻǸ  ҶǺҶδ峤ԼҲֻһټϼһҲѣ
ɬ
һĻҶǺӸоһıưôϣԼܹһ˦ʮ˼СӰ
  ΪһеĴүȻȲ֪QСӣ
˲䣬һ״飬һӹᴩҶǺӵУ
֪ԼļȢϹĵĵ߾һҲûеġ
Сóıûκεİ취
Ҷ٣Ҫǲ۵ĻҵŮɾ͸ִ˰ϹսҶǺΪƵ˵
Ƕôϣһܹ۰  һִۣٿ϶ڿ۵ģ˵ʵ˼һﳹ׵ˡ
Сӣƣϣܹ߳ϺС
ҶǺǿƣ˽ϹսǸʲôˣ
ϣ
Ǿ˵ͨģΨһİ취ǾǼ۸ߵã
ıѾǳҶǺӵȨޣ
ҶǺӸҪ֮ʣһԵҶǳҲı




1389ٴ
 

ϹĻ
ԭҶǺѾҪˣû뵽ʱԼҶǳȻˣ
ͬı  ʵϣҶ֮Ҳֻ֪ҪƥǰСӵļǾռ˾ԵȨ
Ҷǳ˻һϹսЦִ٣ҶһγۣҲ֪ҸǱϾԼȣԡ
Ϲ峤۵ıҷЦһ
һֱǵǮˣ˵ʲôأ
ִ٣Ҳûа취鰡ܹи󵽡ִܹһ۵Ļǡ
Ϲս˿Ѿ˷ļѾǳԤˡ
ȻҲ֪ԼŮ쳣ѵãĸŻ߼嶼Ǳеı
ϹսϹıϾǸŮ  Ѳ޵Ϲ壿Լұ֤Ļ˺õļ۸񣬵ȴһ׮ˡ
һҪϹĿɽĳߣű˵Ļĳӿ¶Ҫء
뿪ˣ˵ǰܹõǲԿġ
ν޳ȥŮóȥˮ  ԺָܹӵĶԼŮһĵôˡ
ϹĿԼĸ㣬ڵѪһ谮ԼһĸףȻ˵飡  ϹĿϹս峤ȻǳۣҲһ
С㣬ʲôᣬֻҪҶܹģǶȻ岻ݴǣ
ҶǺӴ˵ڶϹ쳣ġ
ŮˣƺѾ߽飬֮ڱصá
ϣԴĸ׺һ뿪ߣ˭Ҳܹ۸ҵãϹĳ
ߣϹģɱűΪѾļĴˣ㻹ҪĸƿҶҲԺ
ҶǳϹսŮסҶңҪźţ
ôأ  ҶǺҲüͷС㣬ĸױϾϹ峤ķˣȥҶҿ²̫ʰɣ
ǺǣҴӦС㣡һ΢΢һЦ
лл٣Ϲʵ֮ҪֵߣȻֵ֪˵ʲôͷ
һ֪ĺֵ˸Լʶ۸Լã  Ȼ֪ԼҪ޸˭һͷӣֻһޱ֮ˣ  ЩѾĿǷΧ֮ˣֻϣԼĸ׺ԼܹĸһЩԼãоʵ̫һЩ
ôﶼأҸСӣҶҡҶǳŭһ
Ļܿ챻״ϵҶûк³ǰɣǺǣҲҪһǣԵƺҲûκεĺ³ҶңС
СӻԳƱϹ峤ǰҶôƺ
ҶǺЩ˵
ϹսҲǿ׵ִ٣ٲ۵Ļֻźĸ㡭

ײϹսѻ˵꣬Ѿһεĺһ۸  ٴۣ  
һԵҶǺӵЩ΢΢޲һǰСӡ
֪Ϲڵأܹô
ݣ  һ˲䣬IDEֶһ·ҪǮһ㣡  ࣡  Ϲս˼¿ˮһ˸̰֮ɫ
Сӵϵ״˶ٵƺ᲻С뿪ˣ  ۸ʵѾǳϹսԤƣ۷Źӣ˵  ִ٣ļ۸ȷǺܸˡɣҸҶ֮һΣ
ϹսҶǺӿ˿
ҶǺһ㶣֪Ϲս«ʲôҩ
΢΢һЦϹ壬һϹ峤˼ɣϣϹ峤Ҫñʧ
ϹսĨһ˿ɱ⣬ֻһ˲δ
ҶǺӺҶǳ΢΢һЦ
׵¶һ˿мЦ⣬ϣϹǳʱԼҲ˳ʰǣ
£û£  ϹսҶλ뿪֮ϹҲǼٵܵĸǰ  ã㻹𣿡
Ϲĵˮһӵסᡣ
һΣʵ֪ǰ˵ǲԼĽ㣡  Ȼ˵пܡ
ҡͦõģֻ㡭ǵ˭
εҡҡͷ
ϹĿãĺϷǲһźɫɰ룿ŵĽǲһ÷״ɫ̥ǣ
㡭ô֪
𾪵ĿϹģô˽飬Լ֮⣬֪˲ࡣ
Կ϶ǣЩǾԲ֪ģǰ֮˾Ȼܹ֪
ãΪʱĸ״˾ͿˣЩһֱء
ϹĴ˿Ѿ涡




1390Ϲսѡ
 

ϹὥϹĵĻʵ֮ǰԼϹսΪƵʱѾ񼣡  ϹĵĻȫˡ
Ȼˣ׾ĿҲǳĴ󣡣  㡭ҽ㣿ѵһĭʵ
Ϲĺݺݵĵͷã㰡ˣĸ״˻֪ˣҪ֪Ļ
ߣģѾ峤˹Ѻɽʲô
ϹһϹƺҪϹȥˣ̳ʵ
磬ѾǺþûпĸ״ˣҵҲǿҪ֮ˣѲɻȥһĸ״ˣ
Ϲĵɫдһ˿֮ɫϣͨһε飬ܹԼĸ׺Լžۣ  ΪʲôöԼԼȴûܹһĺӡ
ԴԼó͸֮Լĸ׼ûûҹ˼
Լĸ״ȴֹڼἰ飬ԼĸΪԵİϹսŭ֮£ȻȻĽԼķ˹Ѻ
ߣûи״˵ͬ⣬κ˶ȥϹ˿Щ˵
һϲڿϹĲǸǰֵļһˣǾǸҶҵˡ
˭ˣԺϹֻˡ
Լĸף˭ҶԼ  ֮ǰԼĸѾǷųҪʼչҪʱ峤
ʵһ峤ǰװ֮ǰһЩ峤ǾЩڵ  Խ룬ϹҲ˷ܣ
һԵϹ¿ϹүССϣԭһ£ңղС˵Ҫ˺Сߵʱ峤ҲĬģⲻѾ˵˴˿Աų𣿡
Ϲ£˵㻹˵㣿ҪȻҵλΣ
Ϲ˿̵ĵɱ֮ǰ̫ˣһֱ峤֮λϹģ
ɵҲóѾǾԲܵˡ
ڣѾûκεľ֣֮ǰϹµһ˿Ҳûˡ
㡭㡭
Ϲµؿʵû뵽ϹȻԼԪϼϼˣ
Ϲ¿һֱϹսĸϲү  Ļǳĺһû֮ˣ峤أ  ׿˵С㣬ֺαһʱأҶȻߣĲУֻӲˣ
㣿ǴԲѣϹЦһ׳ȻҲ֪ʲôŵģϹ廹û¹˭ڹˣҲϹ˵
Щ׳յĿһϹҺθɣ
Ϲ³ˣڻ峤˵ңүѲҪ峤ʻȨɣҲ̫ļһɣ¶Ҫ峤Բö
ߣϹ£ҿŵʱϹŭһ  һʱ䣬Щİ
ϹĺԺ֮УϹսҶλ˺֮еһͥԺ֮ϣ  Ϲ峤ʲô˼
ҶǺӿϹսԼԼĵܴܵҲһͷˮĿϹսʵ
ǺǣλóǸֵʲôͷϹսЦʵ
ҶǺӵ˾ֹḡʵƽӹһҲʲôųģ
ǰҲˣСƺϵܶ࣡Ϲս̾һҵĳУƺҲûС϶డ
Ϲ峤һκҸǳ˼ǣҶǺҲǻ̫
ʵѾ˽˵뷨ˣֻ˵ѣ
ҶǺӳסһԵҶǳȴס˵磬ҿϹ峤˼ҪСӰ
סڡҶǺŭһȻϹ峤Ϲ峤ʲô˼˵ɡ
ףǳ鵹éٿ˵ҶǺӰ㲻ҪȢŮֻҪܹСӣҰСϵĴװҵĻǡǴš
ϹսҶǺӺҶǳ
СӣʲôҲóҶǳɴ۾ʵ
ȻϹս΢΢һЦʵڶģСеҪ࣡  Ҫ֪һΪ֮ȷѪˣ
Ⱦ޴ǰ˭ֵܹס˵ջأ
ϹսգʱֻҪС˵Ļ˭Ҳҵ֤ݵģ  ˵ˣһҶ֮˶  ǳʲôĻʱҶҲѲ˸ϵϹҶҵϣһܹԸ
ҶǺԥһᣬһ˫Ӯ  Ϲսһԣ
׷Ϲս΢΢һЦ  ˿̵ҶǳҶǺѾȥҶҵĸǰˣҲΪ




1391Ҫɱ׵Ҷ
 

Ϲսδȥǰ棬Ϊ˷ֹ鷢ʣѾʼϹ峡  ܿ죬Ϲһ˵Ⱦͽӵ˼뿪֪ͨ
Ϲսټµһڸ֣Χ  ʵҪĿľΪ˷ֹ׻ͬһҪǱˣǺǲġ
ȻڸϹĵ죬ϹսҶǺӵ˵ĶԻһֲ˶ߣ  Ȼ׹һ켣Ϲڲδ˷ǵĴڣ
׵Ȼֿ֮֮˻
Ϲսûʲô뷨ϾĸףҪûʲô뷨Ĳ˼֡
֪⶯Ѿǲɱˣ  ʱһһĹȥˣϹƺ쳣Ҳ¶һЦЦ飡
ԼһʱĹϹĻһε  ҶǺӺҶǳλϹܲǿֻҪóϹսõٵԼҲûжĹϵ
ǰװ׵õһλԵŸ֣Ѿ׬ˣ  ֮УҶǺӵ˻Ҫл·ɱףҪĻǻѾǰ϶ˡ
Ʋ¶ף
ȻһҪԼӵôóҫһ£ֻܹϵùˡ
˵ʵϹսһǮۿ˰  㡭ǸʲôҸأ
ϹĲǸɵӣҶǺӺȻ֮Ҷҵǰܵľ쵽һ˿˿ĲԾ
ҶǺӿϹĺٺһЦϹ峤Ҫ죬СӸղŵңûôõ˰
ǲҪϹɱڰɣ׵ʵ
ʵϣѾ֪˽
һԵҶǳЦһɱڣǺǣ𣿸ղѾ˵ˣҶԵˣǾ·һɱڣնħ
նħҶܴʲô֮ʦԼˣҿҪǣϹ壡Ҷҵء
һȻҪϹǣϹսΪԼڱܹˣ  СӣͷôӲΪϹ峤㣿ߣҲ̫СҶҸϹĹϵˣ
Ҷǳм˵
ҶǺӿҶǳСʵһ㣬սپɣģȹ
ҾҲҶҵߵģϹЩһȻ˵
ɲˣϹ峤ѾҴ磬ھҶҵˣĸ׸֮ǵĻȰ㻹ǹԹԵһ¡
ҶǳһЦϹģ¶һ˿Ĳм
ԸŮˣʵ̫оˣ  㡭
ϹһӱŪû˵ˣԿóеֽźԶ׼ġ
׿ϹЦŵС㣬Ȼ˵˴ߣǾǴߣҪ֮ˣûŸվɣ
Сޣ㻹ŵĽλʮţҶ֮ҲҪͿġͲ´ͷ𣿡
ҶǺӵһλߐź룬¶һ˿м  һԵҶǺӹϣСʵǿޱȣղɱˣѽͷ֮ް
һʵ΢϶ѣɱҲɱˣ峤H֮Ǿ
λ϶ҶǺҲǷǳĹʵһ໥أ
յ˵϶ҶǺûбҪɼܲסҶǺҶδ峤⻥ͳΪһֱҪ  ҶǳҶǺӵ磬һ񾳵ĺڣʵȥǿһҿɴԡ
ү峤ҶδȺ䣬һССߣ峤֣֮
ϹһЦ˵꣬Ѿվ˳
ϹĿһԵϹ磬㡭Ϲδ峤ĿϹҰɣ
⡭
ϹҲЩ֣ղѾˣϹһһӲԼĸϹսķۣ  ˵ʲô˵˴ǵõԼ׵Ĭģ  Ҳ˵ԼĸӦǿСӸղó
磬治ˣϹЩƵ˵
ϹЦһߣģѲڻǸ״˵˼𣿡
ôܣִѾǳôߵļˣΪʲô״ҪϹĵûǷȥ룡  Ϲһ˵֮Ȼ䷢ֻô£  Ϲ尡ʲôܹӵùԼ׵˫أ  ܣ˵Ϊ֮뵽ղԼĸ׽һȥ
˿̣ϹɫɷףһƬı֮ɫ
ϻĳ׳дһƬ֮ɫʱףͷһһ㣡




1392ɱ𺳣
 

ִ٣Сġ
ϹѾΪˣ֮˼ȻҶɹģҶǺӾȻôأ֪ʲôˡ
ϣҶҵλǳĸߣ  Ҫ֪У峤֮⣬ǳϾǵĶ
ܹ볤еˣǾǸеĸˡ
ߣҵŮˣȥˣҶǺЦһתŶϵȻ˵ĻϣǾͰ˰
İɣ峤Ҷָͷˣ
¶һ˿ŵЦݣһԵҲЦ
ʿˮǰһУƺ㲻̫ڵ
ЩԼûмˣ˵ָһĴڣ
ǿȥƺִ磬ôźأ
ಣ
ϵĸǰһѾǶһ  ׺ٺһЦСӣô
Щ׳յĿŶϵҸô˵ˣûվŴģӦҲ⡭
ˣƤûκôģһ棬һﲻ֪ĵҸԼô˵  һԵҶǺüͷоЩ̫  Ҷ  һŭȣռΪ֮һҪһԵϹıĻ¶ܲȹ֮
һ˲䣬ڶϵǰĽѾǴ˷ף  ȻȽҪ׵һ˲䣬ʧˣ  ףأ
һ㶣Ѿסһһ˲䣬о˵Ĵڣ  ֣ʵ̫֣  ڶϻ˼֮еʱȻоϷһȵѾǳԼͷ  ɫɷף  ϵɴ۾ǵĽԼķ򼲳۶ˣ
˿̵ĶϸоԼҲǣӦսƺҲǣ
ȥɣ
ŭ죬ʵû뵽СӾȻʵ˵ǿᣡ
Ի
ԼȻСӵĵˣɫ൱ѿ
⡭һﾹȻܹϼսôܣҶǺŵúһĨ֮ɫ  󡭡磬һҶǳ˵ҲЩˣ
İɣϿ龳ĸ֣СӴ̥Ҳܡ
Ҷǳû˵Ȼüͷһ
˿̣ӳһޱȻֺĽһοսʱȴ˳Ŷϵն
һ˷ֳ룡
˻
˽ǵһôĿǰһУ
һУǸȥЩ޺ļһȻֻնɱҶҳ֮һĶϣ
ɱ  ˿ҶǺǼˣѾȫܲϵκϢˣ  ǼŵĿǰһУ˶ûзӦ
Ѿһһʲô鶼ûзһ㣡  ١峤ʵǿ
ϾȻһնɱһа
١峤ҡǿˣ߰ɣ
ҡҵȱ峤뿪
ܿ죬ҶǺӵǰѾǶҶǺγһ͡
ҶǺʿˮɫһһף˲Ϣ䣬ѾǳԤƣ
Ҷҳ֮һĶϣȻǰСӵһ֮У˭  ҶǳЩĿҶǺӵ磬ҡҾλ˵Ķԣҡҿ»Ǵӳɣ
ҶǺӵ۾ƺܹˣҶһλ־ôˣ  ףǶ֪ʲô飡  ҶǺӵЩ΢΢ûа취ǰ֪֮˭  ׿ҶǺ΢΢һЦ˱ȽϵĽҪɱңȻһܹȥ
㡭̫ţɱˣ⡭Ϲ壡ơ
ҶǺԸоЩ㣬һնɱһλ龳ǿߣʵ磬ܹ֮޼  ˣǵǵ棬նɱҶҵĳϣ  бӵĴ
˵ˣֻһλԻ׳
ʲʲôᡭҶǺӸоһһЩɬֿڵĸо
΢΢һЦɱ飬⣬Ϲս⣡
ҡҲ֪
ҶǺӱ׵סˣҧҧ˵
Ϊ֪ΨһܹǵĸǰˣǱϹս  Ҫ֪Ϲսʵǿᣬǿɲһܹġ
ټϹĸڶ࣬һһﶼԸˣ
Ӳô˻ǿϧˣ츳ǲġ΢΢ҡͷҶǺӵķ򻺻˹ȥ
ס֣ǺˣϹɱҶҳϣ˭ĵӣ
һŭ֮ϹսӰ˻֮Уվλ龳ĸ֣  ݣҲ൱ţˣ




1393ʲôǿӲ
 

Ϲսˣ  ֮ǰʵһֱԶȴҶҵ˶֮Ȼڳʰо֣
ܹסҶҵˣҲܹõ׵Ķ  ôҲû뵽õľȴûõķչ
ղһֱ߸Ϲս۰
Ŷϱɱ֮ϹսҲЩΡΡĸо

֮ǰǿˣû뵽ǰ֮˵ʵѾǿֲ˹ˣ
ʱ֣ȻҪס棡  ֮ǰҲЩأΪʲôһʵƽƽȻܹô
֪ˣ˼ҲʵƽƽԼʵ
Ϲ峤ֵĻǼʱ
׵Ĩһ˿ЦļЦȴûϹսжô
һԵϹĺϹ˶ѾЩɵˣ
̫ǿˣղһмֱױȰ
Ⱳӣûм˸߼Ľһһ֮նɱ龳ֵ֣
ˣǶŵЩ˵ˣ
ֻϹԭһƬҵģ·һεȼ  Ϲս㾿ǺˣΪҪʵǱϹ壿
ǣǱ㻹ǻԼ𰡣ССϹܹñǱץҵѣϹս뱾Ҳ⣡
˵Ҫж񣬿ʱ  ҶǺӿϹս̵Ϲ峤⡭⣬ɵΪҶҰװʧһ
סڣƿСҾȥҼ峤һ飬ǾȻѲϹˣ
ϹսŭһȻӣһ˿ŵĻ»Ǳסˡ
ֻϧϹսҶǺӵ̸ģ
׿ϹսڰֵˣҪڱǰϷˣϹսҸһᡭ
ʲô᣿
Ϲս׵ӣΪʵ
ҪɱҶ⼸˵ĻҵǿԿǿϹ壬ĻɱȻҲǳԸɷģ
в
в
׵ĻϹսκλأҪôնɱҶ֮ˣҶҳ׾ѣ
Ҫô͵ֻϹսʵ벻ͨһﵽŰ
ϹսҪҲأ
ղҲȰҶҵλϣϧ˵ˣԵˣûվŴˡ
Ϲս¶һ˿мЦ⣡  㡭㵽˭
Ϲսüͷ壬˼ҶͷʺˣȻ˼ǸʲôĶ֪
ֱʵϹսһҪײǽĳ嶯  һ
׸Ϲսֻۿһ
㡭̫
ΪӣϹսҲǲܴӦϹ峤
ҪǱһ·˸вˣԺ󴫳ȥʲô찡  ҪҪƤ
ϹսҲһûûƤˣʱҶʹɱֵģ
һԼŮܹˣ̸̫Ǻǣʸ𣿡
󵨣Ҷ峤
ϹսߣһѾŭɶĳ˳ȥ׵ķ򹥻  ֻǾӽ׵һɲǣ  ֮Уһ͵Ѿǻ  䣡
ǵ̺֮żǿĹֱ֮λҪ֮˵ϣ
ôĹҶ˶֣
׹Ҵ˵󻺻˳ͷɫң˭Ҳ˵˭
һԵҲһ˹ˣϹŸ
㡭ǾȻ
Ϲսŵ˺ˣ˵ʵ
һ̣ϹսʵЩ
һԵҶǺӼٵ˵Ϲ峤Ѿ۸Ĵеͷˣʱǡ
֪С
׹ЦһһץҶǺѾǱУ  硭
ҶǳҶǺӱץҲŭĿԲĿ׹ңƺҪһ㣡
ǵ˺Ҷ峤Ǿǡ
һģ˿׹ҵĳ֣ҲһƬĺȻ֮ɫ
ʵ̫ˣ쵽ЩνĸֶûзӦĹ  Ϸƽϲв
׹˵꣬һԭҶǺѾǱ濴ȥЩѪȣ  ʲôǿӲͽǿӲ
ᣬоԼܲס³ˣ
Щɱ˲գۣɽ治֪ǵǸʲôİ  ׹ɱҶǺӵһ̣˼ˣƺѾûκοԵˣ
ϹսһģҶǺߣϹ˵ֱˣ
ʿˮ㡭ǾȻĸɱҶ峤
ǣһССҶҪɱңѲվŵҵĲӲɣǾ̫幬ǸһûˣΪ۸ǲǣ
׵˸һâվЩѾǳ׵ıˣ




1394˵Ӱ
 


Ϲսһ£оԼЩˡ
֪Լʵôأ
֮ǰ贫ľ̫幬׵ص㣬ֻϸ˶Ǻϡ
ᡢʵȺɱǿߣ
һнѾֵһţϹսȷŵľİ  ҶҵĴ٣˵ɱɱˣ
أⲻǾ̫幬ǰ
֮ǰɽɣ̫̫幬̨ջøλŵʸ񶼱˸ȥˣ  ֲøղ˼˵ȥˣ϶ûдˣ
ˣһϹսĳӶˣ  Ҫ֪֮ǰ˼óḬ̇ĲĻҲĺ
࣡
Ϲսո֮һԵҶǳŵѾǲ֪˵ʲôˣ
˼ҿĸɱԼĴ磬Ҷҵ峤ɱɱԼһ峤ĵϵ
ԭеĻһƺˣ  Ҿ̫幬֣һƹҶǳԴϣĸоĪĿ־壡  ôҲǣ׿ϹսЦһ
ҡ۲ʶ̩ɽ¡Ϲսʿˮ
ղҪɱҵʱôû뵽Щأʵ
ҡûаҶҵˡϹսǲ˹һҡͷ
Ϊһ֮ҵЩ˿㰡΢΢һ̾
ҡԸ⽫ҵŮ׳ֻܹһҡ
Ϲս˿̾һСһ㣬ϵ׵ԭ£  Ҫһţǲô£  Ǿ̫幬̫б˰ǰλ¶ָͷϹ嶼Ҫֱ˰  ߣȻԼŮίȫҪǿḸ׵ķϣϹ壡
ǣҵԺһϹս׼ģѾǴĻϹ峤˵ĸ׹Ѻˣ
⡭̷ˣ̷ˣϹսһ֣һѾʧ˺֮У  ʱ˴һȥʮѾߣ  ȻѺ񣬿ɱϾ֮ˣŮ˱ĻǷǳĲ
ֻȥЩ㲶ѣ  Ϲ֮ǰ׵𾪣ôҲû뵽ǰˣȻԼݵλ̫幬  һ꣬׵ĹкöˣһֱҪлһȴ˵еӢôҲû뵽Ȼ¼ˣ  ԼĸФcֵʱһӿ޳ˣ
ˣԴһõϹսĶ׼ȥɽ̽Լĸһ֮ȥˣ  ĸ״ˡϹһФcĻУФcԼŮҲıȻĴżģû¡
ҸһϢϹ뿪ФcĻĲԼˮǣ
Сģ㡭˵ʲô
ոճФcԭδĿϣҲЩ֣Ϊʲô˻ͻȻԼ
ɵһ̣׻һ㣡
ã⡭ϹߵĸǰЩ˵

ῴŮ˵ʱ򣬲֪ôΣĸоһУ
ᣬФcϹսᣬҲΪֺõ˵
Ϲս㲻ҪװˣΪʲôŮһ϶⣡Фc˹һѱסᣬȻ
cҡûУοѣҡôң
ھǽϹսʮӣҲôˣ
׿Ϲս˵Ϲ峤ԺϹǾ̫幬ˡ
лл
Ϲսһ׵Ļ˶ڵľ̫幬찡
仰һǴԼԼļû
ȱæлϹսȻϹѾΪҾ̫幬ĸ壬ȨܹҿҲ·һ¡׳
⡭һжģ
Ϲսһ֪ûˣǻʲôأҪ
ãȻϹҾ̫幬±ӻϹĳΪϹһ峤Ϲ˵ȣһϹĽƣǿߣɱ⣡
׵һϹϿţûκһ˸Ҹɣ  ˵Ӱ
̫幬Щ˵УǾϵĴڣ
ϹսһԵЩǣ׵Ļﻹҷ  £òͷ
ϹϹսݼ峤ˡ
һϹսĳŵ¹ݣһϹ֮ҲǸŹ
ϹôҲû뵽ԼӦûзӦĹѾΪϹȨƹߣ
ԲԶϹ𣬴˿ԿԿóЩɪɪ
ھ̫幬ǿ֮£ϹѾһŮɳΪĴе峤ԾϹսҶ֮˵  һʵ̫죬ղŵǣΪǣ




1395׼ɽ
 

˲Ϣ䣡  ԼҲû뵽һεȥȻ飡
Ϲĵķ֮У  ФcŮҲҸЦݣ  ҡʱȻ׽磬ҵ鴦һ£Ȼٻúõ
ῴФcЩ˼˵ͻĸףĲ֪Ӧôźã  Ҫ侲һʱɣڵ˵һӻôϢ
ȻʵΪ׽ܶ鶼  ǱϾϾһͨˣܵѾˣ
Ҳ֮ˣõһܴĻ塣
һԵϹĿãȥɣأ
лл㣡һ̧ͷ˿һŵס
ЦŵϹ峤ԺκֱҾˣᣬ׽һʱ䣬ʱ˹ȥɣ
һҪлҪ֣ҿ¡
һ뵽֮ǰ飬ϹҲһĵ֮ɫҪ׵ĻѾҶ֮˻ȥˡ
Ī⣡  ѾΪϹ峤֮ǰ붼飡
׿Ϲĳģ츳ǳĲϹ峤֮λҲʱġ֪ǷΪµĵأ
˼ǣϹĵɴ۾ʵ
Цŵҵ˼ǳļ򵥣츳ܹ˷ˣԣȻǰ;С
ȫҵȣ󣬱زҴǣ
ϹĶ׳ʵһ׳ֻһԭǿ츳
ʣ  ˵ϡȱԴҪ֪ɽ磬һĸ֣ǵھǶһݱϰ
ɲ츳׿֮ˣ
뿪Ϲʱص˾ǣ
̬ƺһµת䣬˿ҪԵһ磡
棬пܹΪһĴڣ
Ȼˣֻܹ֤Ϊĸ֣ҪĶɽٷѶʵ̫̫ˡ
츳ʵ̫ͨһЩͨԼоһУ  ⶫ;ģ  һЩķܹı˵ʣĻǾԲġ
ҪЩıʵĻǷǳѵģ˵ǿ
Ҳֻܹһһˣ
Լδûг̫ڴԽҲԽܹЩ漣
ĴУ̫幬Ѿ£  ׿евģӦþǶеĶˡ
ⶫ龳ڵĸ֣Ⱥӵڵ
ҪڼħڱɣǵһѲ
˵ֻҪںħڣһͳǼ˵ǰ϶ˡ
ĳɽУ  ׸ߣ˶֪׵ҪЩʲô
ʦ磬ʲôط鿴Цʵ
΢΢ҡͷعϡ棬һĵط
һԵһЦĪҪǶɽٲɣ
µû֮Ҳ˷ʱգѾ˶ɽ֮ڣҵ˼յִɽ磬ҲΪҵ̫幬ǰһ׼ɡ
׿˵ʵͬʱɽ٣Ч᲻ӻǲһ
֪ɽٵԽ࣬ʱԽΣգ
ôǶɽ٣ʱ̫Ļʰ
Ͼɽ󣬾ԻһʱܶǿΧۡ
Ҫϲ۵˵Ļʱŭ٣ùǿ϶Ƕɽ֮˰  һɽٷ֮ˣѰҵĵص㶼Ƿǳصġ
ĿľΪ˷ֹʲôⷢ  Цŵ棬׵ߣǻʲôõĵأ
ʵҲҲ˽ưһǵɵ۵ʵǵǿԵģڡ
΢΢ҡͷĿǰʵȻǿɸ⼸ɽٵȣ϶в磡  Ȼʶ㹻ǿ󣬿ʶڶɽٵʱѹûɶã
ɽ٣ǿӲӲ
׿ʵ棬Ψһĵǣһ˶ɽ٣Ȼ𶯣Ҳұ֤˶ɽ٣ƵЧ᲻ӣһӵĻ
ʵбףͿҲҶˣ
濴ҲЦ⻰лȲ˽֮Ҳǳ˺֮ġ
ЦЦ飬Ҳʵ棬ͱˡ




1396¶ɽٵѡ
 

ӣͿôİһĶɽٷͦ׵ġ
Цŵ˼ʵѾˣ  ׳棬˼һĽҪÿ˶ɽʱҪҪܶࣿ
ЧȴҲҪ̫̫ˣЦŵƵԽǿ;ԺʵԽߣİҲԽ󣡡
ǰʦ磬˵ĺܶԡҪһҲÿһʧܣǾͬʱʧܰ
Ҳüͷ˵Ͼ滹׵Ůߣ
׳֮·УȻһлȻҪƴһѣԺȥɽ磬ҲһԱ֮
Ѿˣʵ
һԵʦ磬ҾѯһԼȽϵĺãϾɽ֮Լ
΢΢ͷţ⵹ҲǣȻ˵ĻǾǵɣֻѡҲǺѡ
ಣ
һӰ׵˵ĸǰ
Ī̵Ѿǳɽ֮ϣ˲䣬֮ƺ͸һ˿ѹ֣
Ī̵˿ƣǳֵһ̣Ҳڴˣ

Ī̿ףƺҲ֪˽Ҫ飬һԵΡͰϪǶ׿š
ϪȻҲҪ˵ֻǿĪѾȥˣǺܺվ˺沢δ˵
̡ϪѾ˽նɽ٣׳
μ˵ģҵȶȻ˵
֮ˣȴľһ̣Ȼ˵ȵһ̣ȴᡣ
ô˵ܲأȻѾ֪
Ȼ֪ڵһ⡭
˵꣬ױ㽫֮ǰĵ˵һ飬ɽٵĺôףһɽٵĺôڵõĸࡣ
һѵѡ񣬱ϾһŪãпȫû  ĪݸһЦɰ죬ʵҴһʼû뵽һҾȻд˼ŴҸҵ뷨һġȻǷΪʲôһսԵأ
ǰһɹҵȵʵһٵԺȥɽҲ൱ĺôİ
Ϫ΢΢һЦܹ㼶ѾǷǳˣҲ֪ܹãҪ٣Ըһȥ
ãȥɽ磬أʲôѣʱҪԼմǰɽ磬ҹͬЯ֡ٴԻͣ
׵ɫҲĨһ˿ĵǣЩǳ֪еĽ˿ȸԶûа취ɳġ
վһЦǺǵ˵λʵҲûеô£ֻҪͬЭλʵӦû̫⣡
ʦ磬Щó£һЩƷʲôģǵʱҲһϣЦŵ
ɽ֮У൱õģ
ǼƷֵɲƽʱǻ  һɽٷҲиӶɽٵĳɹġ
΢΢һЦһӣһżƷ˿ѾǹʶĿƯ˿У  һ˵ôļƷհ붼룡  һ̣Ϫ;ౣأǿ㣬һԼֻлŲϣ
İɣ̰ܻһŵĪ̳
ᶨ˵ܻţǱţڶ㣬̫幬Ҫἰ
ǰ̫幬ǲᣬɽλһĳɵ³ɱ̫幬ǿɽ綼֪飡ҿǻпѰ̫幬ˡ
˵ʱЩҧгݣ
Ҫǵɵ³һ£̫幬ҲڱӣҲû׵õĴôһ˵ˡ
ͷɽڣǾնݳеնݲ紵ɵ³춼û뵽Ȼһʽþ̫幬һεĴɡ
ʿˮ˵׳ϣ⡭ô˵ǡɽ֮ˣֳҲɽ֮ˣ
ˣԺһһ˵ģ̷Ѿɽ٣ԺɽҲиӦɣ΢΢һ̾
ֱЩ˸еģһǰ;δײϲĸо  ȴûκεİ취Щ˸Լһɽ磬ʱܹγս
Ҫ֪ɽĲ簡ǿ֮һ㣡  һȥɽ磬ҲǱһҪǰ
Ī̵Ȼ֪׵飬Ǹ֪ûǰɽ֮ǰǾԲܹġ
ľ̫幬ǿǱɽǿ߸ڵģ鼴Ƿɽ磬ǿҲǽһĴڣ
һ׸һ϶Ĵ𸴣ԶѾǺһƬ٣
˿̣Զһͳս֮Ī̵˱˳ս⣡  ٣һ̷·ҲǸܵ˶ԼƣٶԽԽ졭




1397˶ɽ
 

Ǧܲ
һͳ޵ĺһ㣬Զ
׵ԸоѾµڿռ֮𵴣һ궯Ϣ˲ռ䡣
ռ֮УѾǻһƬ  ǵͳŭ𽥽ıһ㣬ȴһׯصĸо

һִս֮ǰķ꣬ƺÿһ˵У
׺Ѿվһɽ֮ϣԶԶĿǰһУ
䣡
һɫ׵׵Ļԭû׼õĪ̵Ҳһ
ǵ׵ƺڸ˽һ㣬δֱ˵ϣǵΧ˿  壡  ǽƵһ壬˵ʵȷǺѼһ  ҲѾ˷˰һȻƣ搶ź΢΢һЦ
˵棬ƺûмɣ׳ʵ
ȻûмҵǼΣһҪǰһЩ׼
ȻǶɽ٣ǳǰܣҶ׼׳
ǾͺãƺѷҼһΣٵЩֲ̫ˣ
뵽һΣƺҲһ㣡
ֲΣˣüͷʵ
һԵ˵ʦ磬ɽٱ첫ǵ˶ɽ٣ҲǼһЩʧܵĸʶѣ˵ʧܣοˣһʣƵҪС˲˹أ
ǰƱͻֱߵʵɽ֮ҲǷΪŵȣ뵱һλѾǿߣɢƣֱӷʵȻȲɵۼǿߣһҲǺѵֵ
濴׽͵ЩҲֻǲܹ֪
ǿߣ׼ҵƿؽƣҲǲ֮İ  ο׼ֻƿؽƣƱȴǾġ
˵֮ҲҪĲٿأ
䣡
һŽɫ׵һĲϵĪ̵ˣǹĵĵ𺳣һĩٵĸо
˿̣ȳƣҲ˺ܶǿߣ  Ǳرǰװ
˭ܹ뵽ʱȻ˷ɽأҪ֪ô궼û˷ˡ
ܶ˶Ϊûκεϣ˰
һֹĪ̵ƺѾЩ֧Ųסˣ  üͷôһٰ
⵹ҲǸûκεս飬Ƶǿߣһָûжѣֻǡ
ʵɽҲһսǵЦŵ
ͷ㿴ǣֻ֪أȴ֪ǿǿ֮ǰ˵˵λ񼶸ָ֣ն֮ˣƶˡ
ֲãƺҲ˺ܶ࣡
ʵһָĻ֪
ƣӦþ˳һһֵĹ֮ɽپǳɹˣ
ôھȻ˵Ҫٶ⵹˰
ЦŵЩȲҪˣĸŽưɣһƶԿĻǽƱŭºҲܹеģ
Ʊɫˣ
鿴ǽƲϵıɫҲǳ
ȻɫˣǴŭ˽˰ʣҲǱ߿
ʡԣʣҪ϶ƻǱ߱ɫЩȻ߲ʽƣȥ
飬Ҳ̲סЩҪֿˣһ֮󣬾ȻֱӿʼŴˣ  ߲ʽƣȻصĽƣǼֱòݰ  Ǹǻǻ㲻׵һȻԶ֮ụ̆ʹǵǿѧԿƣ
Ī̵˸ŽޱߵѹƺЩĸо
ԭǿɽӦòһѵ飡
ο׻ôļƷֻǸղһֹ׵Щ֮ЩȦˣ  ߲ʽƣ֮ɢҫ۵ɫ֮⣬ȹâ˶Щۣ
֮ϣĵ·ͷʱһ  ֵܽǣղҺնƽƣ
Ī̵׵Ļ֮Ҳǵϵжϣ  ˣ⣬ŽƵķʧ
һʱ䣬֮â
߲ʽƾ˵ĹҪƵһ˲䣬Ҳǻ  һ͵Ĵ׳߲˵ͷ֮ϣ  ¡¡
ԭվŵĵϣ˿Ѿǳһ͵ӣ˿ſֲޱȣ  ȫʧˣ
׵ɴ۾ԶĽƣһĲ  üͷҡҡͷûʧӦǱƾȥˣ
˿ǵ֮ʱԭ֮һεĻָƽǵƿʼɢ  أ
׿žȻûκ˳֣·Щƾʧһ㣬ҲǸоһĹ죡




1398³ɹorʧܣ
 

֮Уƽ٣
֮䣬һٻĸоȻǶɽٳɹװ  ׸о𾪵ǣĪ̵ȫʧ˵ĸǰף
ĪĪǡ
澪㵵ĿԶɢĽƣȻ뵽һԣ
棬֪
׵һĵǣϾ漸ź͵ӣҪǶ˵Ļǽܲ˰
΢΢ҡͷƽ٣ⱾǶɽٳɹװЩûһټӦǽɢͬʱҲɽˣ
ǣ棬ӦòİɣҼǵ֮ǰǶɽٵʱ򣬿ɶǶỹҪԡŷϳ
׸ƲѣһԵҲǰ˼⣬Ǹû  ˵ʵǰƺй飬ֻҵǵһЦΪûм鷢
Ҳǳ˲ţ
棬ͱˡҲЩˡ
ҡҡͷҲӣɽʵֲᷢܶͬӦ֮ýƶɵĴڰ
֮üͷȻ棬˼ǡ
ǰ֮壡Ӧǰ׷˵ʹýƺȻ䣬ǷѾɽٳɹʵҲǺʵġ֮ǳĺԶɽٳӦþԭ򡭡
΢΢һ̾˵ʵҲǲ²⣡
ǵ˵һλ֮ͬɽ֮ʱ˽ƣɸƴһ˲䣬ͬһʧˡ
ȻҲȼףʵ֤˻ţҲΪˣ
Щֻһ˵Ҳǿ׼ҵļԲ֪
ֻʵ̫һЩ  氡ô˵ĻӦǳɹˣҲɻʵ
Цһ˵ʵҲûе֪ĻղžӦһĶɽ˰
û뵽֮徹Ȼܹ˵ĵʵû뵽Ҳǳ
ʦ磬ûϢʵõϢȥɽ磬ʱȻ֪ˡǾǵģҲûκεİ취
鵹ҲÿϾûκεİ취  ͻıʣԭ黹㲻ףһӱЩ
׵ͷţѾˣǻ߰ɣһ»д˹
Ȼܶ˹ðգҿһߣҲܹڸһЩЦŵ
⣡
ҲǵͷϾɽ֪֮ԽԽãһ˵㲻ʲô飡
ݣ
һʵ˾͵֮У׵Ѿʧ  ׵뿪ûж֮һƬѾǱŸסˡ
ղĩ٣ЩΪ֮  ߿ʵķɽ֮һӶըˣ  һѪȷɱΪµɽһε  ˭Ҳû뵽ڸղţ߾һĶɽ٣˶Ͳɽ֮˵  ׷׽磬Ȼһ˿ǣ֪Щֻܹ˳Ȼˣ
ӼᶨԼҪӿĽŲˣ
׳ϽϾ׹һӻҪȥѰʹһɪ̻ʵϢ
ȻˣҪҪνϹűصʲô  ʵԼҲǷǳ֣ɽϵƺǳĽܡ
Ҳ֪ǰɽ߱ʵǷǳĵ͵ġ
Ҳоֵĵط
ĳ֣ȻҲطѾ˵ˡ
Ȼ֪ʲôϵ߲һԵɺϵĴиԼɾȻҲߣɺ  ײʲôɺϣϣҳĲ֮ͬ˵ɽ絽ʲôϵ  ֻҪ⿪ţܶ鶼ܹˣ  ׻ƣSCʡ  ֮ǰSCʡȻҲ֪ϵļסʲôط  ʵյ˵ԼŮˣӦõһ͵
ûôҲǷػġ
ʹһѾһˣװSCʡ  ȥϵʱȴϲڼңҲȥȥϰĹ˾ˣ  һд¥棬ѾǸϵϢ
ֿ̧˿ʱ䣬°ӦҲûж೤ʱˣ׾ʹֱ¥µˣ  ܾûмԼŮˣ׵鵹ҲЩǸոĪ̺ͰϪʧԼǰҲһ֮ɫ




1399
 

SCʡCĳд¥  һ룬¥ըһ㣬Ϊ°ʱˡ
һǣȻҲϣԳ°úõķһɶģ  д¥ǰĹ㳡֮ϣͣŲٵĳЩӦöǹ˵ġ
д¥ŮԷǳĶ࣬Ƿǳ㣬ѰҵаȻҲ
żһЩҲǲڻˣ
ͷǮ˻ǷǳĶģһһŮܳ˴ߵĻǾй֣  ˵ǣҲŮѰ
վ棬׼أٹһҪ°ˡ
óȻܵȥҲûбҪ
һϣʵϾΪҪߣڴ֮ǰȻҲҪһ¼飡
ʵĪ̵˵ļˣѾڿˣֻʱҪǣ  ǵģҲǣ
׿һȥʮ߰СӣһˣоҲǲ
ĳЩܳ϶ǲܱȵġ
ֳˣҲֻһвͥɣ  ǰŮѾ¥ϰ̸࣬ǡ
˵һ̸ףҰ׵ȼˣԼֵһʼ
ллҲûпЦŵ
Ǳ˰Цʵ
ţǱˣϼSʡQеģܸʶ㣬ҽסЦŵ
ҪãҽģҸҰֺȡֵİ
̸֮ڼ̵Ĺͨܿͳֵ
ЦŵҲģеӣʲô
⣬Ůϰ࣬⣿뷨һһƴһȶԺҲܹе㱣ϰ
ףҲ˵ﻰ
˵ЩʱôĸЦԼѻΪֻʲôģ˵Ļ  Ǽİˣûļ䣬ʵˣ  ЦŵǰɣҲCУôظϹ
ӴӴӴСʤ»飬Цŵҿǵͷ߰ҪȻһȶپƣCеĻȫǿһ
˵֣ǺʶӰɣһ̶ûг꣬ҳԷҲЩЦһﻹЩ찡
ˣ׵ͦϲģٿȥһҲ  ʼѶ·˵ˣԸж°
ãлˣ֣
Ҳǳ΢΢һЦȻʶˣʲô
һ̵ˬ죬һһ꣬ͦģھʹ绰λð
ʼ磬ʾԼ
ʱһŮķ˹Ůһֶа죬ְҵװȥǳĸ
ŮҲǷǳĲɸɾģЩڼŮζ棡  ŮƲ񣬸ֶһ֣  ˿ȥͦģ׸оӵġ
ǽȥ԰
ǸŮһƺ鶼ƺŵһĿʼˡ
ЦŵȥԻô
ȥԻ̫˷ﶼַˣ׬Ǯʡŵ㻨ɣ
Ʋ󣬱ſ˵ĳʵĿǰԣ
ƲЦŵҸʶһǣŮҲⶰ¥ϰ࣬øҲ̸ǸմظϻŮѣѰ˼ֵܣԡ
Ʋüͷ΢΢һ壬ܿչţȻֵܣǾһ£ҲҪʶʶλѵŮʶʶأ¥ǹ˾֮һû׼ͬء
ƲһڣŶоһ
ʵԿóƲ񲢲ͣǰܺõıȫӣ  ҲΪʲôƲǳǻһԭŮ֮䱾ǻأ
˵ֵܣŮĸ˾ϰడҲЦʵ
ҡһ治֪Ҿ֪ϰ࣡
ҲЩΣ˵ԼŮѣȻ֪˼ĸطϰ࣬رıŤ
̸ŮѰ԰֣Ǵѧձҵһֵ
䡭
һĺХһɫķܳ˵ĸǰһ
һīӣǳɫɫȥǸʱгһ㣡  ׿ˣҲǱܵüͷ
ģǮ˾ǲһôţҲһƵ˵
ƲЦŵĸʲô˼Ǯ˼ҵ飬ǹԼľˡ
ҲǣҲĽ鰡˵ǹ˾ϰҲ̫˰ɣƵ˵
û취ǹ˾һλŮ˵ǽͬ۴ѧĸ߲ѧߣ˳ĻرƯֻλٹһǳֺð
ƲҲʼ
ֵܣʶʶʲôŮSCŮϱǹ˾ŮǼֱû˵
׺ٺһЦָѾǳԶָ˹ȥ




1400Ůķ
 

д¥Ĺ㳡֮ϣ  һӣÿ춼ŷܳ׷ŮϷ룡
Ⲣпͷģпͷ˼Ůλܳǰ  ׿Զ߹ϣҲ¶һ˿Ц⣡  Ϊͬ۴ѧУŮԽԽζˡ
գʮ꣬ʮ꣬ͨɱ͵ְ  ôֵܣûƭɣٺһЦ
Ͳϱ䰡׿ӣҲЦŵ
ʲôŮȻƯֲҵĲˣϲĻǼҲ񣬾ʮŮҲ
һͨƨĵһԵƲҲβסЦݡ
ƲЦŵѽʣˣ˵ˣشŮƺǹ˾ٻǲȤⶼ׷˺óʱˣһϷûˡһֱִ˲ƣ
ǵȻΪŮϲЦŵ
ǰɣҾ͸ǼҲô˵ţŰ̵
ƲЩɵĿ׵ôأǹ˾˰ɣѹҲûһ˸͹һֻ͸ʲô˽ڣ˵һ˻ؼҵġ
ŮԵĻ޷赲ҲֻܹǷˣ
Զ  ԱߵλӿųԼ߹ϣҲ¶һ˿΢Ц  ֻһĻܶ˶ѾϤĲܹϤˣ
Ϊÿ춼һĻĻλʻǸĴ߹
ƺٴǾʯΪҲÿ춼ִ˲ƣ  ö֮ܶ˱û̫ʸУ  Ƕһ羰ˣÿƺһĻЩ̫ϰߵĸо
˵һЩĽΪľǿλôŮģ
Ҫ֪һŷҳͦ˧׷һŮˣȻ˼Ҷξܾںܶ˿޷ġ
С㡭
˽죬һͱȽǮ֣ƺϰࡣ
ÿҲһ飬Ǿ׷Ůˣ
÷Ҳ÷ˣ
Щ̫ã֮ǰ״˵绰ԭΪܹԼ  Ͼһ˸ڼУΪһ׷Ĵѧɲ뿿
ȻܹܺõҲҪʳ
֮ǰԭҪȥ׵Ĺ˾ģֻʵЩ̫ãԸɴͻϼҸ˾ϰˡ
û뵽һ˾͸оԼ굽УÿΧԼǰĲӬ˵ġ
ЩҲˣ⹫˾ϰĶ׷ԼʵЩܲˡ
Ψһĺôǹ˾ǰӬѾھԼˡ
쿴ϺȻͣסԼ˵һҲûзӦܿЦŵѽѽСǿϸ˵˰
Ҹ˵ǲҵ˷Ѿȷĸ㣬ˣҺܰܰҵѡ𣿡
һڣȻ
쿴ЦŵС㣬ʵҲ˽ˣҰָĹ˾ֵ£֪ܲ𣿡
˽ʲô˽ʲôҵҵ˽飬ô֪أ
УС㣬ɣĿ֤ѵģ˳
쿴Դǵ˵ʵ׼˳ȫΪ˰ԼǱصǸνĶָҳѡ
ʵϣѣܾԼлһЩ  ͷ˭ǮЩˣνİڽǮǰһ  Ҫ֪ϵ˭Ļ϶ǲֶεĶ뿪ϵġ
ǰǣÿ춼߶׵˿ˣûпһ˹ϣ
˭ôһεεĴŮCУ궼һۣ  쿴ǲܵ飡
һƶԼѵģҲ˹ˣ
ϿƾʲôҪ֤ǸЦҲǹ˾ϰͺ˰
С㣬㻹֪ǹ˾ǩʲôͬɣ쿴Ҳ¶һ˿Цݵ
ʲôͬùͬôŰǻҪôΰϿӣЦһ  첻˵С㣬׷ôˣ㲻ʵҲνҵĳܹж죬ҿ᲻ߣ֮ǰ²ǩǷݺͬΪʮùͬΥԼһǧ򣡣
㡭ôô޳ܰ
͵͵İϾùͬһҲֻǴԵĿһ£ôҳܹһҳһҳĿȥ
С㣬ƺҲûпɣнʮCУ˾İ찡¶һ˿ʤЦݵ
㡭
Щŭɶ֪Ӧ˵ЩʲôֻǵʱȴһϤӰһӰ  ԭɽӷ٣һڻ˿¶Լ⹫˾Ժһ˲õЦݣ
һԵ쿴ĶЩˡ




1401Ǯ
 

ЦˣȻЦˣ  ԭЩֵˣϵЦݣǸоһľޡ
û뵽ɽЦʱ򣬾Ȼôǡ
ҲЦˣΪԼвãֻͨʲôġ
ЦŵС㣬İɣ뱲Ǿͳĺİɣ
ֻĻո˵꣬ȴѾǴĸǰХ
һ˵˺һӵĻУһʱ˶ɵˣ
˸ȥشŮ
ǰСӿȥҲզΰشŮôôأ
ǣ˵궼ûгˣȻʲôĶûа
˵شŮͼɶѲʲôѧͬѧ
֪ǿֱֱӰ
˵ʲôĶУǿֲ´󣬶˵ϰһµĻ˵ˡ
ɫѾѿ˼㣬û뵽ϾȻһͶͱ
һɱŰ֮ѾϮּ֮һȼ
Ŭһ̷·һ  ⶪ˶춪ѼˣɫҰ׶ѿ
Ʋϱ׵ĻҲǵɴ۾ǰһУ
ôҲû뵽شŮˣȻԼϹѣ  ˵ڹ˾شŮϵϵǶ˲õ鰡
Ҫ֪ڵشŮǸٹϵܺãʱһٿϣְнǰ϶
⡭ȻشŮ£Ҳ̫ɶ˰ɣ
Ʋǲţǲţ
˵ʵʵҲ̫ףϾо״Ÿ涼һ㣬ҿȥƺߴ򳵹ġ
ܱܳ
ڻϵֳõջмŮֵܹסأ  ҲʿˮȥҸղŻΪǸͷأû뵽ȻǸְشŮ˶׷֣һǡ
ǡǻһԷ𣿡Ʋʵ
Цŵզ밡Ӧ밡㲻һֱ˵شŮùϵǸǽˮ¥̨ȵ˰
ô˵ģ㿴ٵɫƲҲЩǵ˵
ˣȿô°ɣҲʼ
ԶĹ㳡֮ϣ  ӵϣЦŵСϣˡ
ţôҲҴ绰ЩֵĿס
ҪǰĻϾں˵ĿģںЩ
ܹ׵ĻоԼΪҸŮˡ
ЦŵⲻҪϲ߰ɣȥԵ㷹иʶͣĻô
ҲԻһʱҶûкúõһCڵĻأһһúõһ棡
ϿЦҲҸЦݡ
Цŵţһ߶һӣʱһ߰ɡ
ţ
ʵҲ֪˵ʲôȴͦĵģῪһµˡ
ֻҪٺԼĸĸԼĸа
߹һӣǻȥɣЦʵ
飿
ϵɫһĲ֪룬û뵽ʱȻ˵Ļ
ţֻô룬һҹģЦŵ
С㣬λǣ
ɫѿ˼㣬Խ̸Խûб߰
ھȻʼ̸ˣǵԼڻôΰ
죬ȷĸ㣬Ժ㲻Ҫɧˡˣ
Ѷ˵ˣֱ˵ˣ൱İ
λǽһ˵쿴׳
ԣ
׵Ҫһˣʲô۶ӳ
ϵҲǲģ׵ʵ֪ôҲִĶ֣  ˳Զ˹ȥҲЩ棡
ֵܣʲô֣쿴ʵ
ף
ôʶģ̸˼ˣʵ
ѧʶģƺҲûɣ׿Цŵ
ǰɣҽ죬ҵʵӦҲˣһҹһӶ𣡣һıά޷þʮ򣡣
ЩָʹĿףһ߸ϵģŶ˸оһǷᣡ
ЩǮˣ㻹ô  Խˣһ˻ԽǲǣϾо׻Ǯʹĥ  ˵ʲô˵ѻҳԷء¶һ˿Цݵ
һһ֧ƱϣǮ뿪ϣ쿴׵
һ򣿣᲻̫һ㰡ЦЦ˵
ӴǣǮ٣㿪ۣϽ˵Ǯˣһ׵ӣȻоϷ
ɣôǮһǧҿԿһ¡
׿죬¶һ޺ӣֻһԵѾЩĶ




1402ǹƲ
 

һǧڣĲԼ  ԭΪСǼǮۿû뵽СǴ񾭲Ժܳġ
һǧڣҲֻڶѣ
Сӣ
쿴Цһû뵽С˵ĲԼӣ  Ǻǣôоأ׵˵
ŲҴĹȣ
ЦһCлЩʵģȻҲẦһعСӣ
׿΢΢ҡͷֻ׷СϣûʲôľٶķϣҷŹ㣡
ȥѾģ
ֱһȭ׵沿˹ʵǱһŻûеطй
һ䣬ֱһץס֣ȻһŽһ߷ɳȥԶ
Ҳûж˽ʲôģϾСҲܻѡ
סʹſڵʹİţֻ΢΢ЦһȻϵķ˹ȥ  ˸Сͦݰ
ǰû뵽Ǹݽɫٸ˼Ҷֱ֣ӱ˸˰
̫嶯˰ҿ˵CǺڰͨԵ
ɢɢˣҹкϷ˰
˿챻ҲǺ±꼰㣬ϾΧ۵кܶ˶ӵĹ˾ġ
һٸϵĻǵʱԼû˶֪ôء
ȺҲǽɢȥ״Ʋĸǰ
˵֣Ҳ̫һɣǻǸϽ߰ɡ
׵ӣҲЩ˵
Ͼ״ԼŮѵϰ壬ҪǱ˸˵Ļǿɾ˰
ڸֱŤأԼŮѵռ˴ͷ
ҪԼŮѵĹû˵ĻʱԼﻹͬ⣿  ϿƲҲЩʵôʶ׵İ
Ʋ̵һ仰仰Ҳ˵ǻ߰ɣ²ˡ
ϻͷ˿²ܼɣѾߣ
˾к̨Ա϶ǷǳϤģȻǸӵϤˡ
Ȼڹ˾ûְλϰĶӣǱκְλҪҪ  ٣㡭ô˰
ɣһڵϣһ˿Ѫ֪ʲôȻҲǿٵǰѯʵ
ҡı˸ˣ˵̸ϼӰ࣬
⡭
ɣ俴죬һЩȦˣ  ϰĶӲһֱ׷ôͻȻ֮ͱŭأ  Ʋ
ɣ䲻ҺϣֻкվԱߵƲˡ
Ʋɫһѿǳʧ꼰㰡
û뵽쾹ȻôĵùһӾȻɣˡ
ʵҪǸղ˵ĻҲʶƲСġ
ˣԼѾǱܼˣ߶߲ˡ
ɣܼ࣬ңƲɣʵ
Ʋ⵽ô°Ǳ˭ģô£
ɣ俴ϸƲһ𣬶Ա߻վһˣʵѾϲ²⵽ôˣ  ɣܼ࣬⡭Ҳ֪ƲƵ˵
̸ҿ쿴Ʋһģ᲻ÿƲСආȻǺġ
٣ҪȻȵҰˣɣЩһĿ졣
ŭһʲôҸ㣬˿ϣԺʲôۻɣǻнʮĺͬҲ
Ŀɳ𣡣  оԼ춪˶ˣҪҪϺڣҪСӺڣ  Ҫ˶֪³жôң
׿Щ׳յ˵˵ǲǸɵȱߡ
ҡƲףһҪײǽĳ嶯ҲǣҲǣ  һԵȻҲ֪׵ʵЦŵ񣬱ͱ£˴үү
ϣҡҡƲǲôĺ  ոսҪȥҹĻûһµʱ䣬ڰڣһûа취ܡ
ΪھΪѵʱڣ
ȥˣǻͻӭ죬ҪǶ˹涼Щˡ
ҵģǲѲΪCУһҹ˾ˣǸЦЦһ
ЦŵȥԷɣɵԼһֺǰɣʱҸǽܸ߽ܵһOKˣ
ֵܣҡ
һƣԼŮһԼȥģҲƲѣ  ߣǳԷͶĻ꣡
׸ˣ΢΢һЦ
ϣҪߣ͵Ǹɣ
ɣҲŭһԼܼȨƺ˰




1403ε
 

׵Ŀ뿪ߣǳŶĴֱȥ
뿪ӣķζըˣ  ˣ
û뵽ԼһôĶˣҾϼŷֹ˾棡  ٣ô죿
ɣʵҲǷǳı죬ƽʱͲ¡
ڿɣĵһˬ죬¿ɲô
ղǸŮֱӿϾͰҸղ˵İ죡ҾͲܹҵָɽ
٣ȻǩԼʮ꣬ûмӰⶫ˵ȥûõİķҲǲʣ
ɣ俴ʵֻҪϲְϾûκεİ취  쿴ɣ˵㶺˰ǸʲôѲɻҽ㰡֮ǰļٷƱϱѲˣ
һ˼ˣ֮ǰѾ˸̵ֵ棡  ֱȵʱ֮һЩϾͷֻһֱûдʹá
ϾԼϣǿŤĹϲ
ҪԼ׷ֵĻǸоֲһˡ
Ǿڽ죬ϺǸνԼڳԼ  ǿ벻̣  첻һ˾ӣôʱأ  ǵ׵Ļʱ˷·ıͿһ㣡  ͸оԭԼĶ˸ˣ  ʵ뷨һռ˼ƾʲôأ
Ѳ쿴ϵˣǾ˽Ʒˣ˾ܾ  ɣ俴٣ҪĻһ鱻֤ʱεķյİ
ΣӾҪΣȱ𱨾ǲȥǼһھȥǣ
һӵľʵǱﲻȥ  ҪһεҵϣҪѽԼ˸һҪȻýǿ϶û˯ˣ  ٣ôĴ³⡭ɣЩƵ˵
ʲôղһҪʮǽ죬ҾҪ˵棬ֱӽϸߣ
оôһӵľͷ
  ׵һ棬Ʋƺ̫ã  ˵֣ûɵģⷹô԰Цŵģͣ
Ͳ͵⣬֡̾һҵĵǼҲĹⰡ
ҲǸ˵ҪĿŮѣʱҰҹЦŵ
ɣֲ֣ǱˣҸɶͷ˵
һԵƲ׼һ˿ЦݵûµģҲνҲв𡭡
Ĵָ̬һµ̬ǵĹӦҲͰɣ⻻ҲǸµ飬ڡ
˵֣ҪǷǰĻǲûйҲνǡ
һ̾ϢʵǸҲûʲô˵ġ
ϿƲô˰ƺҲ㹤ЩĲɣǲǼʲô˰
ǵģܣƲϽҡҡͷ
ϵشŮʵǹңҪǼҲͬһĻҲֳô
ֲã˵СӿſˣȻأҲǻȻ˵
֮ǰǸϰģ⾭ôȨϰֵУڸˣǾ͵ſҳأΪ˲񣬾ַҲЭģ
ҼҶһľǲ֪ܲѧӦҲɣ׳ʵ
⡭ȻѧԣǡҼ̫ͥãԡƲЩԱ˵
ͥôˣþ£ѲɿŸĸϱӰ˵飬ֲǸĸһǰɣ
Щߵ˵̫ùΪŻ̸֮İ飡
˵ˣƲͬ£ȻǸվһˣ
һơƣȻ׸ϵ֣˵ˣ˵˱һ
ƲһԵǽܳԷЩ˵ˣ˵ģֲֻϼŲйİɣ
ǰǷİɣʶءһҲǵ
ϼţĸϼŰʵ
û˵ϼţǿӪҵʮǿǸֹ˾ѣܲھǰƲЩ㵵Ŀ׵
û뵽׾Ȼ֪ϼţҪ֪ϼCҲһһĴ˾ˡ
ȥ겻ɢˣǺ۸ǲǣ
Ҫ˵ֻſһνˣҲЩŭˣ
۸Ҳô۸İɣ




1404ֱˣˣ
 

ڣ  ɣߣԭϰ֮ġ
оһıϿ¶˯ˡ
ߣһŭ֮ҲǴɣ͹ˡ
ɣһڷûгԣΪȥ׼һƨЩⲻˡ
Цһû£ǳǵģ
ⷹǳԲ˰һûƷ
һԵƲȥЩţʵɣ仹Щɵġ
ϾЩ˶ܹδǰ;ˣܲﻹǲҪĺá
ȻѾǵˣǸ  Ҫĵ̫ݵĻʱҵڶ첻ȥˡ
ϣҳһ¡
쿴ϣɫ쳣䣬һӣ
Ҹȥʲô񾭲Ҹ㣬ԺҲȥϰˣ
ܣ˵ҪΰЩҲ˵̫סɣ
ʲô鰡ǩİùͬȷ涨İһǲɣбǾȥҰ
Ͽͬ۴ѧĸ߲ƤӿǷǳ޵ġ
ֻΪױȽϵǿƣֻԭС˺ܶࡣ
ЦһϣҾ㣬𾴾ƲԳԷƣѴңŲҷַӾΣ
бԿײм˵
ЦСһǽңҿɵ㳢ʲôɣܼ࡭
ܣڹ˾̻ȥܵ飡ɣһٻ̵
飿ʲô͵˻ǹ˾ĶǲҪĹ˾ϸоһĶģЩ伫  һ˿ɫϣ㻹װûǰɣߣüٷƱĿƭȡ˹˾ϰĿһʮ𣿡
ңٷƱôأҲǼˣǲܵ鰡  ɣ·ݣ˾֯ȫԱΣüٷƱʮ򣡽·ݣ˾в쵼ιѧϰüٷƱ˶ʮ򡭡
ɣоһĽЩ˵ÿһʵӰӣ  ϵЩ˵㡭ǻ޳һЩƱԴṩҵģֻ߸ѣڸ˵Ǽٵģɣ䣬Ǹģ
ľ㣡㣬ҲģǮƺҲûеԴϰɣ
ɣ˵Ǯ˽ϵģֱȡָˣ
Щֱ£Щ˾ȻԼģҿȥԤı  ԼҲû뵽Լ˾ʱ䣬ѾôڵԼˡ
ְѻ죬Ҳ˵ģ
û뵽ôѻ죬һСпεΣգ  ɣĻվȻʼ  ʣʵ̫ˣ
ʵû뵽˵̻ͦߣ죬Ϊ׷ŮѾ伫ĵزˣ
ֻǺܿϧĶѡˣ
ףҡ
ϻ׼ͣѾǾԼ֣ȻһĶ
׿ɣղ˵üٷƱô֪ģ
ҡҵȻ֪
ɣû뵽˲ţʼԼһЩˡ
ãҳ֪ΪʲôʱҷأҪȵڣƺÿһ鶼Ĳ룿׳ʵ
ǵȻҡɣЩڲԵ˵
һԵʲôϵһڸˣϸǻȥܵ飬ҪȻǿɾͱˣ
ҿͲðɣ
¶һ˿΢Ц΢΢ҡͷ  ٣˰Ҹ㣬ûã죬Ǿ·һоһĽ
ƺоЩˣЩȷ
ʶɣ
׿죬ʼմһ˿˿ĵȻ
ʿˮ  Ȼʶ˰ǿܲĸܲð첻ҵһϵѣ
ĸܹϼŷֹ˾һܾѾǷǳˣϵıȽϺõˡ
µǾϵɲǶϰĶ
˵ϼȻһЩλǸȣǼֱ
ֻҪһ仰ܹĸ׾̸ˣô򵥣  Ȱ㰡ǱҲڣϵĺͬ͹ҿԲ׷׿
㡭ʶܣ
Щ˼ĿףһȻ˵仰ʱҲǲóȻжˡ
Ȼʶй֮Ե׳
ԲۣˣذЩŭˣһﲻǰԼˣ
ʶ˶ȥˣʶ  һʼΪһأŵղ˵Щˣô˵ŭˣ




1405ɵ
 

ˣˣˣ
׿죬ĵϷһһ  ˲׷ʧ߳ŭˣѾ漰Ʒˡ
ˣȻҲŹˣ  ɣܼ̱࣬
ɣЩȻ˵
ɣʿˮ٣⡭ҿǴӳɣ
ɣԼҲĻŰʵõô
׷εĻ϶ܲ˵ġ
ԸǿģʵԸⱨ
ֻͷϣҲûа취  Ļ벻˰
ɣ䷢֮ʣѾóֻѵ绰
˵ʵԭĲ绰ģøû̫˵ͷ
⼸ҲǱȽϵĹɣԴһθ׷˳ͻ֮͵˺ܶࡣ
ͷţ̫ˣ  ڻһ˼ҾȻǶǽϺ϶ʶġ
붼õﲻ𰡣ûǵ͵˵ıȽϺá
һԼˣʱԼôĿ¶֪ˡ
ֻǵ׼ʰʰ°ʱֻˣ  һİ룬Ҳüͷ
Ҫֻ֪˽˺룬һǸ֪ġ
Ȼİ룬ҲʶĽ  ι
ԵͳΪϾϼŵĸܲãеļеġ
ף׵
ףֶ֡ң
һûзӦܿЩŵ˵
λɱǴ绰ʲô鰡ûʲô  ׶ŵ绰ͷCУ˵иֹ˾
ǣиֹ˾ֶǲʲôҪҡ̰ţæ
žͲˣһʶ𣿡׳ʵ
죿ʶȻʶ̵׵ĻоЩ̫á
Ī˼ֶˣҪĻҪײǽĶ˰
ʶУžǷֹ˾ϰ࣬׷š׳
û˵꣬ѾǼæҲܣСǲǷ˰ֶҡŪ
ŮӺϣҵʲô׳
ֶһ￪ѣһϳͣһϳͰ̱֤
һȷӦϳͣһƷ⣡
ʲô˰
пʼˣҪĸϼŴѵĻ֪˵ȥ  ֮ǰ˼ֶԭԼҪΪһССĻҪ˰  ŮΣ׳
أ
ֻ˵ϣղŵѾǶ  ֲֶ˵һһﵨҲ̫˰ȻֶķȥΣ  ǽʮҲ
һεֻŵĸϽֶżҡ̸һ绰֤һ
ЩɵˣʵǲҪ˼ֽŭˣǵʱʲô  һŭʬ
ײδ˵ĸǰ绰ҴطǳĳӣԼֻǾԶĵط˵Ҳ
ͳʵϼֹ˾Ǹʲôģ
ֶҡֹ˾ҪҵزģϾڷزôãЦŵ
УҰɣ׳
ֶҪ򣿡ˣ˼ֶ  ţɣ绰ϵһϼŵĶܲã˵ҵ˼׳
úúãҡһհ죬ҽϾʹ绰ܲϵ̸ֶ绰Ǹϼţ
ʱԼΪΪȷѡҪ  ϼŵĶ³㱨ģŶ³֮ҲǸԼһµġ
ǵ飬ûκεĹϵǸֹ˾ӦҲûʲô̰֮ɣҿҲԺúò
ƺһ
̵ֶģһָʾ죬ʵǶԲ𡭡
ԭǲ绰ģΪϼʶٸһӣ׳
ʿˮҡһֶ⣬һֶ⡭
˵꣬Ѿǹ˵绰ǻŭ޴й  죬ɵȱ⣬û뵽ȻԼĻ˳
ֱӲͨĵ绰ֻɫѾ˼㣡




1406ף
 

꣡
Ʋ״绰ӣҲһĵǡ
ƲȻ֪ɣ˵Ļϵвж
ϵڴ绰ϵˣǵҲһ̾Ϣ  ױϾǱˣܹ˭أ  ڱصǳĴϼŵķֹ˾CѾ֮ˣνǰͷˣ
ҪĶĻƲҲ֪˭ʤ˭ˣ
Ȼվ׺һߵģ֪վһߣһ߾ܹʤġ
ɣ䣬㹻ְ绰㶼ǰɣ
쿴ɣ䣬г˷ŭû뵽ɣôԼӣ  ɣЩ˵٣ܱ顭
ҲܱǣЦΪʲôܱҸɣ䣬ܹܹˤȥ
Цһóֻ׼绰  ϵϵû̫ĵǣ׵ʵȻ֪ģֻ֪һԵƲ֪  úõһٷͱһˣǻ˵ʲô
ոմֻȴֻ澹Ȼһ绰ˣģ  ܲĵ绰
üͷʱ˭Լ绰˵ˣʵֲϼŵˣ
ü˵绰ιλ
ղ죬⡭һ˵ֻҲǷǳ˵ġ
һû˭Ȼ֪ܲģͷһ£Ҳסˣ  ˭񾭲ɣֱ㶵˵
úúã񾭲ǰɣҸ죬ʽ֪ͨӣ̡ϸҹϼţ
ŭ𼸺԰ֻˣ
һ±ƣѾ˭
ȻϵÿڵģЩҵֵܽöžһµġ
ҵĵϵȻǱܹע֣  ֻһСආˣԵ֮һҲǻˡ
磿ƺϣһ϶Ĵ𰸡
˭磬죬ھ֪ͨӣһ뿪ʼǸҹϼţ
ɫͻ䣡  ˿Ѿǹ˲϶ԸϺ׵ˣֱ˳ȥɣһȥԼɲҴߣ
˳ȥһ㵵ʵ磬ʲô˼һҿǶԹģôúõġ
ոڰҸ죬Ϲɱϼţܵ𣿾Ҳվӣʲô⣡
˵˵ѾЩŭˡ
˭ʲôĪĪǡǸϵѣ
һˣղŲǸһڴ绰  Ȼû׸˭绰ģһմ绰ʹ绰ˡ
Ǽһﻹ˵ԼʶȻʶˣ  ϻҸ죡ڸϵ̸һؾǣϣһҿǣǾ͵Ÿȥɣ
ǻðɣŭЩɳơ
磬磬֪ˣ֪ˣҡ۲ʶ̩ɽɡҸ֪˵˭
ǱʵЩʹ֣  ֪˭ǰɣǺðɣҾףλϼŵĶ³ϼ֪ɣɵȱ
ʵô죬֮ͦͬһġ
Ϊڲ֮ǰԼҲɵȱһˣֻպʶϺϣ  ҪȻĻĲ֪ϼŻ᲻ᱻ˸ǲˣ  ֡ϼţҡȥֶǸҡ
ûҲ֪ϼŵĴˣ
ϼڿνǺϱ˭֪
ǸǸðϽҹ˵ֶں˵ĵǸֶǰǾǸ˼ֶ£Ͻ
ŭĹ˵绰绰֮Ҳ΢΢һ̾  츸ӶϼһЩ׵ģֻһβǽȥһؿҲ˵ȥˣ
ûа취飬ϼᣬصСˣ  ɣ俴Ľ绰ֱӾˣҲһãȻȻȥˣ  쵽ʲôģҲֻܹˣ
ڣ  ׺ϵ˵ͦǵһݵı飡  Ʋѣܹ˵Ȼˣǻûм
Ҫ֪Ҫεİ
⡭һﾹȻˣһֵ
ƲܣСһЩ˰ЩҿԤı
ûµģİɲ񣡡ЦЦȻ׵ϹǳԷҪȻһ극ǳɣ
УҲЦŵ
Ʋ£Ҳû̫ľܾ  ˵ʵҪйһ£ȥһĿԷһ飡  ҪȻȥӿҲƲ¸ڵ飡
ȥһ£ЩնԺˡ




1407´СVIP
 

츮KTV
ΪCֻһ˻ĲĽ
˵ǷǳĸߵģһһǶϡƽ飡
֣ҡҸ㿪Цİ
һĴߣҲЩɵˡ
츮ʣ
ǿǸѵĳȻֻһKTV֪һߣ
ԼһΣɾһࡣ
⻹ûһǸ˵һѸ߰ʮ˴ڣ  ô˰ⲻ˵طõѵǳһθ裬ҲŪôװɣЦŵ
Ϲ֣ǻȥʽɣ츮Ҳǹ˾һ߹˵ѿɲأ˵һƿɶģüأ
ƲҲǼæ˵ȻҲû뵽Լôһ˵׻Ĵǹˡ
һҪûǮˣǵʱ
ЦŵǺǣǳûµġһеġ
ҲЦŵǼ״СҲһϰ壬Ǿͷİɡ
ʵ֪Ǯ˵ʲô  Ҫȥܣ⡭ô˼Щε˵
Ϲһֵǰ˵KTVʲôʲôģһûмʶһιüʶʶ
ۣ
һԵƲû뵽ϾȻ뷨Ҳһ
ЦŵλŮߵĻ˼ҾҪҲ˰
ɶ㻹ȥһ㰡Щζ˵
ʼûȤ
һ츮ʣֵ극ĸ߷ڣǳĴ󣡣  ãӭ츮ֻʼλһӭС㿴ŮҲЩˡ
Ҫ֪츮һ㶼ǳȺӵ˹Ķ࣬ĺٺ٣  ҲӷλӭСҲû̫˵ʲô
λа𣿡Цʵ
Ŀǰֻʣ䣬С䣬ѰǧˣһVIP䣬ǸЩˣ
ӭСҲ֪Щ˾͸нһ㣬ҿģ  ˸ǹһ츳ֵͷϾ츮ʿһֻ
ǧˣôࣿҪǵ㲻ôණأƲһ⻰ʵ
Ҫ֪һµĹõҲǧǮһӾ͸¹ˡ
ղʱʵѾˣʱֻ裬ڵϲˮʲôҲ͹ˡ
ôĻôҲôǮɣ⻨ǮĴͷʲô߿ʲôư
ֻҪҪЩĻʵӦҲѲ˶ٵǮ  λŮʿã츮ֵĹأѹ˵Ļȥʽġ
λӭСһƲĻ֪Щʺϵĵطʽġ
Щ˵˵Ǿʶѣô˵ذ
˵ʵѣǧλӹҲûл˵ˡ츮ѵˣûеڹһģ
λӭСЩֺû뵽ԼȻϵһЩᣡ  ǳƣʵ׬ҪǿƷѣ
ûлʣǿɵģ  ӽ㣬ʲô
һӭС˹ӽЦʵ
СҪȻҸ㻻һ£Ⲩȥӽ㿴С
ʲô״𣿡Сʵ
ǸӽСûʲôȥɣ
ðɣӽ㡭СȥҲЩƣ׵ЦŵãܸΪ񣡡
ۣΪ˵ǧ˹ˣĶûˣƲҲЩơ
ְϣҲǷǳĶ࣡  ղλӽôĿŵģǷǳٵġ
СЦŵҪʲô᣿
ղ˵иVIPǰɣǾҪǸɣ׳
ʲôVIP᣿VIPѿǡ
Сʵ̫ˣӽƽʱԼͺܲ˼߻ʱ䳤ˣҲ㣡
Լһûõˣ˸۸ҲǷǳġ
֪˼ͷϣʲô취أʵ
²òͷ
ֻסˣȥVIPˣӽҲøԼ  һӸоЩ߸Լˣ  ø˵ʲôѣȻǳ棬ȻǮ𣿡׿СЦŵ
ǣҡҾеֶѣСҲ¶һΪЩƤЦݣ  ŶǲǸղǸ˲ԸӴǣΪûǮЦʵ
Ǻǣ˵ʵӽ֮ǰһĿˣ϶ֲεģС䣬Ϊ
СЩ˼˵
һԵƵ˵һλôΪģʲôطйۿ˵͵˰ԼĲզΣ˼أ
VIP888ᣬϿͣ
Сܴ󣬱ϾVIPһ⵹ͦ𱬵ģһVIP888ҲϿˣ




1408µ
 

VIP888ϿˣǼ˵ӽļٵİ
ǰӽ㣬ҲôɣֱøСˣ
ӽǴVIP888һϵǧ鰡
Сһ·˰ӽҲ̫һɣ
Щվſӭ˶һԹı鿴ӽ㡣
˿̣ǸӽϻģôҲû뵽˾ȻȥVIP888İ䣡  ӽߣǰ˴أղСǧ˵Ѷӹ󣡡
ļٵİӽ㣬ֲøСأԭһӭС㿴ӽȻ˵
ӽˣVIP888ֲǲ֪˭һأ
ӽĶǰˣ˵VIP888䣬һõط
淢黹  һʵ˹ˣʱǻùԹԵó䣿  ǿʵ̫͸ˣӽҲЩ˵
׵ԶıӰӽֱתƺʲô˼  츮ֻ¥
¥һֻᣬÿⶼվһǳƯŮ  רΪÿƯŮЩ˰˼⣡  ÿ˵ļֵ۲һһٺüĽ
ϰĻǮƺӵһЩ  ȻˣҲ츮ĸ߶˻ЩϲһǧŻߡ
ЩطŮֵҪҲ൱ĸߵģЩŮһȥǿɶǻͷ൱ߵְ  VIP888֮УټĿռ估ݻװҲΪ֮̾  еĲ϶Ƕװ޲ϣ˵һװޣϣ  Ҳóٸƽ
Ҫ֪ڴCģٸƽζʲôźܶ˶֪ġ
С˵Цŵ VIP888İ䣬ʼλҪһЩʲôأ
ѱ׼ȽǸϰɣǾĸ˶ѣЦŵ
õ֪ǷҪķأСʵ
װڰֵЩͲˣ
Բ߱ҪһרΪλĹСЩε˵
ţǾͰǵĹˣ׵ͷ
ԭſڵλˣҲĬĬ˵λϡ
׵˵֣һҪѪ˰VIP䣬ҿ˵ѿɶʮ򰡣
٣ʮ򣿡
Ʋŵһ£ͳͻʮǮļٵİ  ֪ǮһҪôǮҲЩ˼˵ǸС䲻Űǧһ򻹲
ܣ츮ľ⼸VIPˣǮӵʵĸˣҪһСȫˣǸСҲܴģ
Щһ˵
Ʋһô˵ڶˣȥǡ
װڰֵǮͲÿˣȻˣľһ衭
˵Ķ԰ǮҲúúһȥЩ˷ܡ
Ҳǵţ˵öԣȻǮˣΪʲôúһأ
ֻһԵĹʵЩƣ
Ҳûа취ȰҲûа취öˣ
Ҫ֪ǸӭͲ࣬϶ǿѹӵġ
ûСѣԼҲûж˼ˣ
ֻΪǵĹҲܹõһǧǮСѣԲôҲֻܹˡ
Ҫ֪VIPĿˣһЩơƺͺɶģЩһϿɶܹøٵǧȵġ
ûκεϣǵȤûˡ
׵˵ǲںǹģǸԼﰡ
ʲô趼ܳһƲ񳪸ҲǱȽϵĲ
Ȼ಻ǳȴȽϵһ㣬ϾѧҲûнӴֳ  һСʱʱܿ͹ȥˣĵǷǳĿģ  ʱ򣬰űˣ  üͷǰļѬˣͬʱСǳȥ
Բҡ
СǸΰⲦӽģûзȨ  Сȥ˹ͨһ㹵ͨû˰ýܾõ˰
ʱ򣬸ոո׵˷˲ӽһεĴӺ˳
СӰҼǵú֮ǰ͸˵˰ɣô°
ϰ忴ӽ㣬Ҳüͷ΢΢
׿ӽҲʲôߣǹ˿ͣǾҵ˽˿ռ䣬ҳȥ
Сӣ㹻İϰ忴׽ӻҲǻ˳




1409֣̫ˣ
 

ϰ壬ɲҲʵΪСѾͷƬӲ֪˰䣬ŵİVIP888İ⼸ˣ
ӽ㿴ŽϰһҺ޹ӡ
СЩĿӽӽ㣬ôô˵أҡ
ž
ϰһСڽƱ磬ֱһ˦СϣֱӰСһģˤڵأ  ʲôҵİᣬɣ֪ÿ츮ѶǮ𣿡
ϰָʹĿС¶һ˿мЦݣ  ʵԼúܣûԤVIPᣬΪǲġ
û뵽ƫƫôɣˣ  ΪӵĽϰֻܹӽѯʣܲܵһ䣬ӽȴͼӴ׵˵һͷ࣬۸  ϰǶ֪CһĴϰ尡СϽϰѰڳ
ӽ㿴Сݺݵĵһۣ
ЩȦСŵҲæͷɾ׼ȥ˵ʱȴѾߵǵĸǰ  ׵ԱߣϿǸϰǶģƾʲô㰡
ǣµģĲС椣Сûʲôǰ;Ҳǰ;ֻҪңһ
ϰֱӴԼƤͳһӵǮȻԼ˦˦
Щ첱ӴֵģȻΪǹˣ
ֱϵľƱ˽ϰˣ  أ
ǾƱȻûҵˣ⶯ʵһ
满
ϰŭˣϻĵԼǲè  һҶԼˣǸ˰
飡
ֻǾϰҪʱѾֱһȭ˽ϰϣ
촽һӾ˿ѪǴϵ  ⻹û꣬һεĽսųǰţֱһ˦⣡  Ǹӽ㿴һϵеĶһĿɿڴ
㡭ˣ
ӽ㿴ɫȻһɷģҲŵţ  ׿һ˵ȵ˵һ飬Ҷģû£˭ٸ̤һҴĹȣ
һţ
ӽϽŽϰ壬뿪ߣ  ǽϰһĺݻûзŵĳˣ  ֣̫ͣˣҲǲò׵ĺ
һ֮ǰʱǾúģϾŮˡ
ϰ̫ˣǼһֻװ棬ֱӾͱ׸ɷڵˡ
衭΢΢һЦƺûеһ¡
һԵС̵ǸϽ˰ɡ
ôˣСղǼһﶯִ㣬ǾǴҵ׳
Сͷ֪ĺ⡣֪ǴͷģڲߵĻһܾ߲˰
ͷҲͦͷģ£Цŵ
֣˼С˵ɶһǵ˲õ˵Ļǽ컹߲ˣ
˿Ҳʶԣӣ˭֪˭ͷ˭ͷСأ
СȻˣŭûС
ϳд˵֮⣬ԼǱ˸۸ġ
һԵƲҲǵͷǰҾ˵еǺ֮ĲУǷ֮Ĳް
׵ͷǾ˵˵ɡ
Сһ˿ֵ֪ϰ۸ˣ
ʲô۸᣿
ʿˮŵһ£۸SCʡأǶһĴڰ  ۸᣿ҲüͷһSCʡʱ۸˵йӴ
û뵽쾹Ȼһε۸ˣҲֻܹЦһˡ
ղǽϰ˵Ű裬Ҫ˵ûͷ϶ǲܵġ
ֻ׻û뵽һﾹȻ۸ˣ  ֣ǸϽѾ·ɣ۸ˣҪǱǸˣǿ·һæ
ǰ۸治İǹ˾ܣ۸ҲֻܹԶԶءֻҪ뿪SCʡš
ƲҲһǵ˵ԼһԷһ  ϳԷڽӶ飬ڲϵĴ̼ǵడ
ǸоϷЩ飬ⱲӶڷڶΣ  ô죿ǺǣģȻҲճװڰֵ
Щ۵˵ôôɵҲΪ
еǵ׵Ϲû°ɣ
û£裡װڰֵϵִݺ͵治װġ
һԵС˸ӽˮһ㣬Ҳ̾һ
Ʋϵıǳأƺ˭ҲûҪ뿪ߡ
˵Щ˼뿪ֻǾӦͬе
ûߣȻǵĶˡ




1410ֱȵĽϰ
 

츮ֻVIP888֮У  ƺû鳪裬Сɵɵľվ棬֪ԼӦȥʲôط  ۸ˣǸоȥһ  ۸Ӵ󣬳ǶһӲһҵĻǸң  츮ʴ˽ϰ壬ǲǴ۸
Ǹ˶ܹף۸˾Բǰ״ģ  飡
VIP888ű߿ˣһӿ˼ʮˣ  ȻԷȥЩɷģȴδо̫ӵ
ϰվǰ棬һһģŶоͦ۵ġ
ӵΣղ˭۸ˣ̹һ
һӿȥʮֵ׳˶ĳ׵˵ĸǰһɨЦһ
š̹ˡ۸ĳСÿڵĸˡ
۸ΪТ󱲷֣
ֱֱС  ̹۸ʵҲǸСආӦֱˣ  ϰһҲֱˣƽʱϵһÿڣһѣ
ϰ屻ˣȻҪˣ
㲻Ϊ˵˽˸飬̹˳ҲͻأϾҶ۸ˡ
Ҫ֪۸ΪľǵŽᣬһѰ˷֧Ԯǵּ
SCʡһ˻Ĳ̫۸ˡ
ǽ̹ŭˣԼĺֵܽϰ徹Ȼ˸ˣĵ̱˸ˡ
ܹˣ  ѽѽ̹˸磡Ǹʲô
ǸӸո˵꣬VIPſִܳһˣ˵󻹸Ǹӽ㡣
Ǯܣԭ㣡
̹˿˿ˣǮӣ츮ֻϰ壡
ǮǸˣֻҪܹƾǺ¡
ϾǾӪֳģԺڵ׵Ҫ˵ġ
̹˸磬Ҷ˵ˣ˵һ䣬ᰡǮӶЦ̹˺ͽϰ
̹Цһ˵ǮܣǻỹôΰΪ⼸֪ߵغСӳͷСĳӣ
Ǯ̵̹˸磬ƺưҪȻɣ̹˸˵
ǮӣϹĹ˰ûӱ㿴ȱǮ𣿸㣬ҽ־۰ѻˣЩһȴˣֵд
־ŭһ۵˵Щ©ĸоˣЩ졣
׻ĳŽ־۵ĸǰ˹ȥӴӴ˵˵˼վղ˵ʲôأûҪȻ˵һ飿
һԵһ¶ЦļҲֻЦɣ
ϵԱߣƲԼһԵСǽŵĲˣ
ǿʱȻЦˣǲ˼ĿǴ󰡣
ϡ˵ȴˡ־ۿ׹Ȼû뵽СӾȻôĲ
һ뵽֮ǰСӸӣǱܵˣ
ǲ  ־ۻû˾ͿֱһֻųŽ־۵ķ˹ȥ  ǹͷѵüٵģ  ࣡  һԵ̹˸磬ȳܵĶһ£  ݣ
Сʵ̫ˣ̹ʿˮףһӶҲǣҲǣ
ܹô˵滹ҼֵģҪôɵӣҪôͷܴ
̹˲Ǹɵӣ־۵ĹϵǺܺò  ȴĺܣҪȻ۸ҲܰCôһССÿɣ
ֵܣʲô·
ԭ˶Ϊ̹˸һ־ˣ϶ܻİ˵ļһж˿飡  û뵽˶Ϊ˫һʱ̹˸羹Ȼ˼ˣ
һԽ־۵ʹްƺûκεӰ죡
ʲô·ûκιϵһ㣬۸ĻģԶһ㣡
׿̹Цһ
ǲǾҺúư̹˿
׼ĵ˭Լ˵ôţ
ӸװģЩѣ
һ´ô˹ԼֱһΣԼˣ
Ҳ˵ȥ  ׿̹ˣһСָͷ˹
ʲô̹ɻĿʵ֪һǲҲԼȻ֣
Ӧʶ°ɣ׿̹Цһʵ
㡭ʶ´磿̹ʿˮʵ
Ҫ֪۸һͽ۸ĿǰĴг¹Ƴֵܣ
ǳ¹£ֻҪʶһǾ൱˲ˣ
һͻȻԼ˵µ֣̹˾Ȼʶһ
Լûг嶯
磬հ̹˿ʵ
ף׿̹˵绰¹ƣ˵ߺȱơ
̹˳׵ķˣһװ棬˼װҲ̫ţˣ
ֻ̹ԼӸ۸Ĵд绰
ֱĶѣ۸Ĵг¹أοҲûʸ񰡣




1411еµ̹
 

̹һ±ƵĿף
˵ֱƵĲ˰˼ҾȻԼ绰óϴȱƣ
ǶӲܹ˵Ļ
ڵĳϴ󣬹Ϊ۸ĴУݿνǷǳĸߣ  һҪ붯¹ƣǸǲܵ飡
óϴܹ˺Ⱦˣ˼Ҿ˵ˣ˵ô̹Ȼ  Ƕӹȥ
̹˿һӣҲЩˣ
ǰˣЩķҵŭһ
̹˸磬ϴ󶼱һˣۡǲΪϴ󱨳𣿡
һ۸˿̹Щߵ˵
ǰ̹˸磬ɱСӸ˰۸C¹˭
һ¿̹ҲǼе˵ʵ̫ˣ  Լ˱ˣԼϴȻߣⲻǳô
ԭǿɶѾ׼ø־۱ˣͻȻӵϢһȦ
̹ǸŭѲԼǸɵ  ŭһҪȻϴ󣿸ҹȥ
̹˵ͻȻŭһԵǮӵ˶һãȻ
ǳһ
˸һãĿ۸ˣǸоһ˿ĲԾ  ֵʵ̫ˣǶЩˣ  ֻЩڻ֪ô⿪۸ѾǳȥˣҲʱһ
糱ˮһȥ̹˶׵̬ҲǸӵĹǫˣ
׵ǡʲôϴԲϻҪȻ
ʵ̹ҲЩģҲ֪ʶ¹ƣƶԼҸ¹ƴ绰  ԣȻôıϥҪһﵽ˵ǲġ
һĲ绰¹ƣһʱҲûа취ȥʵ⣡  Ļðմ绰µģʱ˵ˣ˵ðϴҡײƭ
ֻĻеģܹ绰ĻһоͶ˵ˣ
û绰
֮ǰѹҲûд¹Ƶĵ绰ЩӦԺûʲôġ
ֻû뵽һSCʡȻֵˡ
ҪǸղг¹Ƶĵ绰ʹˣ
Ҳҿ̹һûг嶯Щ˿ֵñ׸§һˣ
ǡǸС̹óԼֻ
аɣֻɡҲ绰롣
̹û뵽ôˬľʹ绰ҲǹĲͨ˳¹Ƶĵ绰Ȼѵ绰ף  ʵ¹Ƹû̹˵ĵ绰ֻĵ绰ܶ۸ֵܶеġ
ԻʲôҪֱϴ㱨
Ҳ֪һ飬ܸϴֱӻ㱨ġ
ʵϳ¹õĺ룬ʵƿ£  ¹Ƴ𣿡׿绰ͨˣҲǳ
¿İ룬ԥһ½֮󣬾Ȼֱϴ䣬˭
¹Ƶ
׸¹ƽӴΣԶҲЩϤģȻǣ
³£ϴڸ̸أСӣҲ˭˵ôţ
ǣԭ㰡һ³ܽӵ绰ףһ£ҲЦ
ףѽѽǲ˼һû
һ׵Ҳһ飬Ⱳӻûзˡ
һԼǸˣһԱҲЦ
ɣ츮ֻVIP888һҺȱƣ۸һСֵܶſڡ
׶ŵ绰ͷ赭д˵
һ˭ô۰Ҹϴ˵һ£һǾ͹ȥǾǱ߲ǺԶ
Уһ˵˵˵绰  ̹˴˿Ѿ˫ȶЩˣ˼ʶϴ󰡣˵ӣֱоһˡ
֡աղŵᣬᣡҡҴˣ˲С˹
̹ͨһ¾Ȼˣɵˣ
ǿ۸˰ôһӾ͹أղŵֺľͷһӶʧˣ  ˣʹ߰ɡװڰֵ
һԵ׵ǡǸ֣㡭ղŴ绰˵롭˭¹ƣǲǸƼŵܰ
ǣɲǹƼŵܣҲ۸ϴ󣡡Цŵ
ҵθԹ԰㵽ǸɶİһΪزأû뵽㡭㾹Ȼ㶼ʶǿSC׸˵
Ǻǣǽͽ׸ʶʶ£ԺҲõŲ𣿡Цŵ
࣡  Ʋ˶û뵽ܵ˾Ȼôţ  ԭֻΪһ֪ߵغСආǵУôأ
˼ʼյȻӣ˿̣ǲ֪˼ܲûûΣǸûаѸղЩ˵һ°




1412ּϴ
 

¹ƺһװ츮ֻ
ʵϳ¹Ҳû뵽׻Ȼ֪׵Ǹʲôģȴ֪СͷС  Լµĵһͽ£ҲǰܵһͿ  Գ¹ƶ׿ν״绰֮Ҳ͹ˡ
VIP888棡
־ɫɷ׵ı̧ɳϣĿвϵİţ
ϴ󣬲ǲ㣬̹ϴǳְһ۸˵ͳ˵
־۴˿СȹǸоû֪һ֪ԼĹͷˣ  ۸˻һЩ˵ļ򵥴ڵžȻĵ  ־һ̹˵׸ʲôӶˣ˼Ǽһ̸һĶǲû
ϴ󣬸ղ̹˸Ǽһĵ˵ҹӦСЩͷ˶Ž־ۼ
ͷʲôͷ۸ỹһëͷСӣ̹ǸԺ˵ҵֵܡ
־ŭһʵܲ裡
۸᲻Ĵ֣Ҳ۸˵Ĺߣ
ʱ¹ƴӺ˹ʱҲû̫ע⣬Ͼ߹ټߵƹЩ谵˭뵽ϴأ
˭
־һȻ˸ʱѵԼһͷȥ  ⲻ֪һŵôɳ϶
ϴ¸硭
־ŵɫɷףһԵЩ˿¹ƺµĵҲһͷ
¹ЦһȻڳʰǣ
˵꣬¾ͽ˰֮У־ۿų¹ƺ߽˰ᣬԴ˵һһƬհף  һﾹȻʶϴ󣬳ϴȻܹˣʲôͷ
ʲôͷѾԼܹˡ
ǼԭŽ־˵ˣ˿̶ǳ˹ȥû˸ȥոյȥĽ־ۣ  VIP888ڣ
¹ƺһȥ֮󣬱㿴Ǳ߸졣
Цӯӯ˹ȥȥһҲһ˰ɣû뵽ּ˰
ҲЦŵ
΢΢һЦƺЩ˰
Ǻǣˣ㸣ҲİֵôҲϸк¹ЦЦ
ų¹ƺ̸Цӣ̹˵һ  ýԼѡȷģ޷ҪǶѳϴѸˣʱԼôģ
ʵ֪ԼҲǶģ
ĶʱҲֻԼùķݣҪ״ˣ  ǲܵ飡  ЦŵԭǲҪܵģ۸ʵ޴ڣҳ裬ǶҪ䣬ֻðѳһ鳪˰
ֵܣһһģһǾ仰ҿˣһô
¹ƿʼմһ˿΢Ц  ׿ų¹Ƶ˵ܣ⻹İǺǣҸ²Լɣ
˵ֵֻܰҪһ죬нǧΣһգôϹеϹ˰
¹һֱеʶʵܲ  ѾˣҲҪһԼҪĴӦ˵ĻҲȥΪԼֵһЩˡ
һҲЦŵǰֵܣʵҶĶ֣ϴǺܲģҪȻǿǣ
¸磬Ķ֣̹ʶʵ
ߣһҸ֣˼һоͰҸˣû˵һҲ̫ûˡ
̹˵ĺзһ๾Ҳ̫ǿ˰ɣ
ǿ۸ĵһͽ֮ǰҲ˵۸񻰱ˣֻû뵽񻰵ˣȻǰˡ
һεĸоңҪǶֵĻԼܱ˸Լﶼϲɣ  ׿ų¹΢΢һЦˣϸ磬ҿ˰ɣ˱ȽϵϲɣҸոCһҹ˾Ժ󻹵ܶİ
һҹ˾ĸ¹һ㶣û뵽СӾȻôǮ
֮ǰϼCпһҵزЦŵ
ʲô
Ʋ˶ŵһ£ǿɲϺƲϰĵط
¹Ƶ΢УĴָһΪֵܻĲզΣû뵽ֵܾȻز¶ĸæһ
ţԱߵŮƲԺ˾ͽȥǸܴкԺʲôɵö̳ܰ׳
˿ƲһȦĿףʲô




1413¼Ʋ
 

VIP֮У
Ʋһ𾪵Ŀףϼŵķֹ˾ˣ
һӸоЩ°
Ҫ֪Cĵһҵ㳡ĿҪҪʮڵʽ𰡣  ˵ˣǸоһôĲʵ
ţ׾Ȼܹʶ¹۸УƺпŶȵģ  ܣá
ģȻǼҵĲ󣬿ҲǼˡ
ټһϲ˴򽻵ˣһȫΪԼʶ׵ġ
Ļôأ  ǺǣǾҵѣҵĵ绰ԺʲôĻֱӴҵ绰ˣ
¹Ҳû뵽һﾹȻôǮ  һһЩȤ֮ǰ׵Ĺ򣬿ҲȤ
лܣлܣ
һļԼ·һ찡
˵㵽Ǹʲôİ¹ƿ΢΢һЦʵ
СԺǻлأ׵
С⣿ǫ鰡һ־Ǽʮ˸㳡˵СģĪҵѣ
¹ƿףмı  ׿ų¹ƵʵŪ㻯ױƷʲôģϼųӦҲ˵İɣ
ʲô⣿ϼţ
¹Ƶɫһԭһֱŵִ˿Ҳͣ  ˶Ǳߣƺȥһ㣡  ϼŵˣһҲ𾪵ʵ
ţҾϼŵĶ³ԳҸڣһ治ȱôһǮ
ҲݸһЦƺ٩һ³¹ƣ
¹ɫһˣ˰ֶû뵽ȻϼŵĶ³⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣϼǿ׻Ĺ˾˰
ֹ׻ưҹӦȫܹ֮Ϊ˰ɣ̵
Цŵ˳ܣһоڱаɡ
˵꣬һһ¹ƺҲǸźȥ  ϼţ
¹ƺµʵ̫̫ˣôҲû뵽׾Ȼ˺˵ݣ
ֲ˼ҲӦԼڣ˼⾭ʵ˭Ҳ۰
¹ƺ뿪VIP888ʱѾ賿һˣ
˿Ʋоʱţ
ǻ֮ǰ𾪺ϲ֮У׵֮Ǹо߸Լˡ
û뵽˼ܵ˾Ȼ˱뺷  ׼˵ֶû뵽Ȼǡ
ãҲͬʵڴʱѾǸϼŵĸ߲ϵˣѾͬˣԭҪڸǵģǵıҾǰ˵
׶ƲȲ벻ʾǳͣ
ʵҲȫûбҪԼۣϾԼǳġ
Ҳ֪ʱƲЩĨӡ
ɲô׿ľʵ  ɡֶҸôᣬûй˾ľ飬ľǲڿǿǣһҪǿˣǶԲ
ǱԵĿףһʼȷ˷ܡ
һ뵽ʱûκεģ
ǹ˾רҵ˲רҵ˲רҵ˲𣿡һʵ
ЩȻУƲͷȻ׵ʵֶҾҪҸ˹˾ĻҾİˣȽϵĺʣ
Ǻǣøһȥ飬ȻиҪҪЦŵ
ǰϲֶ˰ϲǡƲһҲЦŵ
׵ǷİɣͬϽȻǵһλᣬͬǶǵһο鲻ϣúᣬúõԼֲԼĲ㣡Źһ֮ǵȵġ
ϿƲʵҾ˾̷ѾǷǳĳˣǿԱ߹ѧϰ
һҲͿԹһ˲𣿡
ллֶллֶ
ʵѾ⣬ԼĺƲΪ˹˾ĸ߹ܵĻԼĸĸͬ⣬ͬǿԻһˣ
װڰֵǺǣһԵְɣˣʱҲˣǻǻȥɣֱȥ˾ˣһϼŵ˵ġ
Ʋż뿪츮ֻ
ǽ첻ǿ۸Ĵм¹ƣĿɿڴǣԼһԻˣȻϼŵĶ³
ȻˣҪ˵ĵĻǳΪ֮ǰϼŷֹ˾ĸ߹ˣ  Ī⣡
Щʱ˵Ҳס  ׺ڸһƵ꣬һҹɽ֮˳ϼµ㳡˹ȥ




1414Ҫ
 

㳡  ׺ԭҪ׼ֱӻؼţȴߣ  Щ׵Ŀ׵ôҹ˾˰ǸƲվ̨ɣ
Ǻǣ㲻˵ҶǽӰˣʵһδΪ˸һЩģ
׿Цŵ˵ʵȻ˼Ůˣ  ûиЩŮһĻĪ̺ͰϪѾɽ磡  ҲѾ˷׶ΣˮռܲҲھ̫幬ţ
Ȼ׽磬׻ϣԸԼĸĸһҲҪһ  һεĻ
ŮˣԺҲǻ취ֲģ£뷨ѾǱ˾ˡ
ҰļٵİҲûжѹ֮ǰҰֻ˸Ĳأ
Ͽףʾ׾ͲҪڻЩǮˡ
ЦŵСϣҪƽʱĻһľˣһβһȥף
ף
ɫһ죬Ȼ֮ǰþҲô졣
Ͼ׻ѧŵҲõѧ˵ɣ  ôˣ㲻Ը⣿Цʵ
У㲻ǻѧôأѲھҪ鰡
ϵĺܼһѾ˺ܾˡ
˵ʱԼȴһӻˡ
ʵôһʱҲţԼΪױŮͦõġ
죬˵ҪԼ׵ʱ˸оЩɵˡ
ЦŵѾǰҵˣͬ۴ѧˣҵ֤鶼Ѿõˣ
ʲôʱ°ô֪Щʵ
ǰһ飬һҹȥȻҪʽһ׿ҲЦŵ
ţǡɡ
Щߵĵͷ֮гϲ֮顣
ԭһ̱ʵһЩ֪ĸо
Цŵţȥ㶫ȻֱȥҰɣ
ǡҪҪ֪ͨһҰҸ簡ʵ
磿㻹и簡ҲЩʵ
Ȼ˰ֻһʱҸ統ʱڼҶѣЦŵ
һΪǶŮأЦŵ
֪ͨҲνҸҲס棬ɩӾ̳ϰ࡭Цŵ
ŶǺǣǿǰȹһˣȥɩӰɡ
ҲݸһЦϾͳ㳡˹ȥ
㳡CҪҵ֮һC㳡ҵжʮҡ
Ҫ㳡ڱ׸Ļ治һأ  ȻˣһҪԭ֮ǰסľƵ㳡ǳĽ  ܣ
ϸ㳡棬׼㳡ڲʱȴЩ㵵  ҲǳǸ˹ȥһʮµԱվһӣ  ӲǱˣ챻һٵ죡  ˿쿴ϵˣҲʿˮ˵ˣ
С㣬ˣ
˵˽ᣬĸףҲϼ㳡ܾ
ֻһдѾǸıˣ
ܣáϿᣬҲĵͷ
ΪȽϵһԵ죬ԿȥҲЩӣ  Ǻǣλֶ˰ɣʧʧ
ῴǰףҲһƬĺȻ
û뵽ǰˣȻӵڲƸϼŶ³  Ѿǽӵĵ绰ˣ׵˵
ֶ㳡ӵˣҲùһĽӹҶ飬ϵĵǸ
˿ﻹʲô˵ˣҲ֪ٵĸ߲ͷԼˣ  Ҳ֪ԼѾȥˣôأ
һжΪԼӾȡİ  ǸͲˣ绹ɰܣȥ鴦һ°ɣµܾѾˡ׵˵
ֶٶȻǿ찡
һĵѪ֪վ»ǻµġ
ΪԼĶӣΪ׷ֶŮˣȻʹôĵֶΡ
Ҫ˼ֶһĻԼӿ϶Ƕ׼ˣ  ̸ģ˼ֶߣSCʡ˶Ҫһˡ
׺ǰ棬ݺݵĵһ졣
ҲЩĿԼĸףڳӶˡ
ƨҲҷһԼ˵̫ע⣬ҪԼ˵ĻľͲˣ
˿̵㳡칫ȴһĻϷ




1415²֪ɣܼ
 

Ʋ˭˭İ㲻֪ǵĹ𣿡
ɣΪܼ࣬Ȼڹ˾֪ķǳ
ƲȷҪģһԵѣʵܶ˶֪ġ
ɣû뵽ǣ٣ƲȻϰࣿ
ԼѴǱߺȲ裿˰  ɣܼ࣬ô˼ƲҲŵˣֲָֻŰɣ
һŮ˹һOLװ磬ȥǳְҵ
ʹĵܼࡣ
ƲרԱ㳡ΪײֹԱ
ΪƲҵҲҵʱ䣬ҪܣٻҪһʱ䡣
һͿɣߺĶԼԱСУ  Ϊܼ࣬ȻҲǿȥˣ
һ̵ˣԼ˼Ƿ˴ҲԼȥ
ɣһܼ࣬ƾʲô鰡  ܼ࣬ƲΥ˾һ˵ˣɣЦһ
ܣȻܣ²ܼ࣬ȨôЩСôҸأ
ɣģϰʱ䣬ƲѹȻǵİ칫Ȳ裬ʲôΪ
ҼǵɣܼźҲɣ
ɣ俴úúãܼȻڳһ㻹֪ѾƲ񡭡
ʲôƲΪʲôгһ˿Ļҡ
Ȼ㳡ûκεְ񣬿ûְ񣬵ϵȴ㳡ϴ󰡣  ô˵ֻҪһ仰ܼҲ꣡  ߣˣϣҲǹ˾һţҲӦܵ²ļල
ɣʱ򲻹Ȩϣͨôһ
ֻϧǲ˽  Ӳɣ˵ȷЩǣϾ漰˾ĸ߲㣡  ܲ˵ɣֺٻӣһֱɣǿλõġ
Ļʲôأ
ЦһÿģҲҪ߹˾̰ɣƲµԱɣ
Ʋʱվܼ࣬鷳ΪҵˣҪɣܼʧˣ
ʧߣΪ˵ĻǸģھͿʽ֪ͨ㣬㱻ˣ
ɣоԼȨܵɣЩŭˣ
ƲɣͬЦһҲԸ㣬ܼԹˣ
˻
һ˵Ŀⶼߣ  ԭǿƲ񲻹һܼܼ಻͵ʵѾˣ
⼸ÿλĹԣϾһЩְȨǳͻģ  ˭ֲҪȨأ֮ìġ
ԭûʲôÿģʧ꼰㣬ǿɲʱ򱻲
ֻ˶û뵽ⳡභĺϷշչΪһ汾  ˵ܼ˹ģûмһССרԱ˼ܼ  ȥƲҲ̫һɣȻɣܼ
˭֪ɣܼٵ˰Ʋǲܵʲô̼˰
ҿ˵ǹ㳡汻˰˵ĺܵѣ
ܵѣƲҲûʲôϵɣ߳ʲô簡
ܾ͸Ʋһ飬ٺ񿴵ֱӵͰƲˣʲôҲ֪
˿̣еԱѾһƬ֮ʵܶǺѽ͵ġ
黹ǣ˾ܵĶӣ˭Ҵ
ֻƲȻ˵ɣΪŮҪˣ  ɣܣα췢Ʊ㻹˼ʱϱôأ
α췢Ʊʲô֤ݰŲھñȥɣɫһ䣬û뵽龹Ȼһ֪ˡ
ץң㺰˹ץҰҸ㣬㳡ܾҵҪ˭ץң
˿ҲӲ˲٣ʵϵڣļһҹûкۣ
˿̣Ʋ񶼾ޱȽ  һҪϱƲģũūѸ質ˣȲ̸ܾԼܲ
ˣȰһ˵

ɣɫѿ˼㣬оԼ裬֪ߵغ֮ˣʵǴŭĵߣ  ˡ
֪˭һܿһ˵ȶǻصԼλϣȴʼû뿪֮أ




1416ܾ
 

ˣ
һԭӵİ칫˲䰲  ڹ棬Ѫ󣬰ԼĲĻǲġ
Ժܶᵽʱжһ˿η֮ģ
һ˵ߣɣһˣҲһļ
ֻûע⵽һȺ˵ıϺڳ
ɼˣҲ̫һµġ
ֲ֪ϵ׷ʲô飡
ô£ϰڼ䳳ֵ𣿡ԭͲã˾һЩ
ɣ俴ܣ˾һְԱһ˾Ȳ裬ɵģ˵û뵽ܼ
ܣġϽ͵
ڰֵýˣ黹εܾͰɣʽһ飬㳡еĿѾʽ۸ϼţ
һ£
˲ըˣĻúܶԭ˵ˣһӴ˻ϻӣ
ļٵİǹ˾˵ˣ
ȥȻϼˣԺ߳ȥҲϼŵԱˣ
ǰϼţǹ˰
ҵθ찡ҵøϽһȦԺɾ˰
ٺ٣ó
һ˵ȿʼ⣬һԵ˵ĻҲ֮̾һ
ԭΪ˻һЩᣬɵϼ֮ƺӵ˷ˣ  ֻ˵ϼŵͷʵ̫̫ˣҹڵˣֵʱҲһĲ  ͷ˿ףֿ˿ԼĶӣҲ̾һ
Ϊ֮ˣôǱ˵Ķأ
ྲ
ᵽ׻ЩȨģ۷׷׵ӣҲǳ
һԵɣ㵵Ŀܣ⡭ôذϼôһҵôῴССĹ㳡ǿЦİɣ
й㿪ЦһߴȥЦһת׵ֶҪȻ˵䣿
Ʋû뵽ֶȻվ̨ˣ˿ǵҲ쳣ļ  ߵ˵ĸǰ˶ָָĿ  Ͼܶ˶²Ӧϼˣɲ֪˵˭  ֻ˼վϵĸǰڼ˿ϴŮƺǴˣܶҲʼֹˡ
֮ǰһЩ۸ϵЩˣжоһĻ̿֡
ߵм䣬ƲͷȻֻǴϼһĿѣĻܾ˵ɡ
ܾɣʶʿˮʵ
Ȼ˸ղ˵Լܾ飬Ѳһģ
Ļⱳһֲٿص  ϵϣ̶̵ʮСʱ棬ѾǷ췭ظı仯  ׿ɣϼŹ㳡ĿְΪó޹˾ܾƲΪó޹˾ܾܾȫȨᣬϱϼű
ʲôܾǡԺʲôһ˵ˣ
ɣоԼһ˶ûˣ֪ǵһˣ  û뵽ԼһֱΪĿɽ죬ƨҲҷһ  Ҳˣ챻˸ˣڴ־վĸǰȴųһ㣬ϵı  ʵ˿𣡣  ׿ЦŵܣͽɣҸϻе顭
Щŵ˵ֶǡҪȻզΣ
ûбҪˣӦûкܶǰ̨ĹԱ֪飬Ҫľ˳ɽӹǿ϶ģ
׿˿ᣬһԵҲǸϽͷ  ɵﲻǰλмﰡҪĲϵĻǾͲ߻첻ȥˡ
ʱ򻹲֪Ҫٵأ
ϼŵܲѾ绰˵ˣֶһǶŭˣòֶԭ£ʱҲͲˣ  ʵ̬ѾǷǳĵˣֻȴΪȻ  Ҳֻôһ˵˭йȥأ
ֻҪϼŲײǹϵĻһж˵
˳ȥԭƲ֮ЩȦ  ֮ǰԼҡһͳԼ쵼ˣ
Ǻѽܰ
ģǷǳĲģѾʼʰܾ͸ܵİ칫ˣ
ɣ䣬³Ȼ̫ã
Ʋ񲻼ƽ˸ԼìܣһֶϱǿصĲˡ
Ѿ御ˣ
׺뿪˶¥İ칫ǳŶ¥רķ˹ȥ  Ϊϵɩڶ¥רǱ




1417µﶼɵȱ
 

¥ʫר
ΪݳƷƵĴʫSCʡҲר꣡
㳡ɹʸҪ֪ʮϰһǺѸġ
ϴ꣬ʮ꣡
ڽʫ߹Ѿʱˣ˵ϵĹƼġ
ϾѧҲҳҲ̳Ҫ
ʵϣһʼﻹɵʫٵרġ
ֻϲҪĹӦƸȥ˺̨  ̳֪Ϲϵ˲࣬ϾҲ漰ӡ
ֻѾ㳡ˣҲѾνˡ
Сϣôˣ첻ϰȥ˰һû
࣬ĵӾͻȥˣ  һ˵˰ҲûеȵϻԷҲǷһŸԼϸԼȥˣ  ɩӣˣԾûлȥЦŵ
ѣ֮ǰ˵ѧУǸ￴ף׵ͷ
Ҫ֪⽭ʫ߹˿ǳϡ٣Щʱһһ˿͹ġ
ϾҪˣܶʱһԿŵģ
ɩãҽףСϵѡ׳ЦЦ
΢΢һЦҽСϱ˵㣬һκǼҶɹѹǰɣʱҸСϵĸأԡ֮ллǼôһæ
֮ͶѣɩӲؿЦŵ
ʵϺĸĸҲûйȾҪԭҲǲϵĸɩʲô̫ĵǡ
ȻˣҲԼĸĸܣʱʵҲرɶ
ϵѾȷϵԵ󷽡
ţһ˾Ͳ˵һɩҲ˰ΪСϵĻ¿ǲĵĺأ
￴ףҲǱЦЦ
ЩƵ˵ɩӣ˵ɶذˣٰܲ׻ȥأ
٣С²а࣬ĵӲ°ذЩε˵
ѽ˵ɩӣͲͨһǵ곤˸Ӧò°ɣ׵һεţȱϯ̫ðɣ
ЩƵĿԼɩӣȻҲϣܹһȥԷġ
ЦЦ˵˵㣬ôˣˣһ绰ϵһ£ˣ
û٣ԺҲϰˣרųԴ󻧣
Щ뿪ЦĿԼɩӵ
㰡㣬ǲʡİԴ󻧰˼Сֲּǿеġ磬ʡģû˵
Ҹզ˵ɩӣǲֳ˰ɣƵ˵
һۣϵСֵһţҾͲ˵ʲôˡ㲻֪˰һŶˣȷҪȥ
ôɩӣϿЩɻʵ
˰ҪͳԷʲô㲻ֺ֪еģЩ˵
Ҹ粻˵ȥϰ𣿡û˵
С֣ҲЦҼǿһֱѧãھ˵Ÿʲô˻ˣһ굽ͷŪǵǮõģ
һǽĸоӾӦ̤̤ʵʵĹ  Ͽ̵˺ˣɩҲˡͷ˵˵ǵģ
˭˵ûãҲˣˣˣһιգԭǲҪģ˼Ҳˣ
΢΢ҡͷΪһŮˣЩû˵ҲǺʹġ
вܹ˵ҲֻܹԼϹһˡ
Ҵ׿Ǹģǻȥ֮˵ɣϿ
һУǹȥҲ߲
С㣬Ǯ
ǱʱһӴһŮ˽ȥЩֺӣ
ڸ׵˵һûӵĻ
ӿ˰㻰
Բ𣬶ԲҸղŸ˵ţʵĿһҲǸ
ԭͦģϵʱƺЩΪˣ
˵ⲻǿˣã
ҲǣϹã͵˵
ô˵ˣ⹤ʱ죬ˣ˵ô죿ƺҲ
ЩŭˣҲ̫ûƷ˰ɣ  ˵Ҹɩ˵һʲôˣܸʲôҲ÷ָ󵽰ɣ
ŮƢƺһζӿ¶һ˿Цݡ
һԵŮһƾСʲôģӣȻҿһ
￴̵˼ᣬƢе壡ɣҸһڲۿۣŵô
ܳӿȥȱǮ𣿡
һүһһԵɳϣ
üͷ΢壬ﶼܹɵȱԹǺնˮҲǲ޵ġ
ӳĿϵһԵﵹЩˣ




1418Ҹоõ۶
 

㳡¥
϶ЦݣʵҲĹ˿Ͳҵô꣬Ҳһˣ
ܶʱֻҪһֱ΢Ц񣬻ûʲôģ
ǽЩˣΪϳĺÿ
ЩǮˣһŮèζһ۷Ź⣡
һӾ֪ʲô˼ϵ˼һأȻϣ»СС»ˡ
ϰ壬հ
￴λӵʵ
һŵ۶³
վԱߵǸ޵Ů
ŮϵʱƺҲоЩɽ󣬱Ͼһϵġ
һţǿCкպĵزŰû뵽۶Թ˰
ӴĴҲǲٵģһĴ˾ϰԹģǻǲ
ʵܶв׼ϲԹѡһ㳬ıǲգ۾ģ
ߣ׽ھô죿ʵ
㻹ǸЦǸʲô˰ʲôô죿ѲɩרŸһ˷Ǯ˲𰡣
ЩһԼأû뵽Ȼ·Ȼĳһˡ
ͳа۹⣬ǰͺӣŶ˸оһĶģ
仰ҺܰһҶһֹǮ˲𣡣ϴ
ЦһŻɩӣдŰɣҿŷģߡ
Цŵɵȱһʶͷ۵ʵ̫̫ˣ
СӣҲڸŮʲôϵȰԶһ㣬ŮҿˣЦһ
ʵѾǷǳĵ͵ˣһŵϰ壬ǰǿǻġ
ֵ»һרǨأ
ֻͿʼתˣƽʱһòȻӣɽһҪռΪеĳ嶯
һ㣬ָоЩСӾȻŮһǱﰡ  УŮǼֱΪǮһ㣡  
׸׼ȥϼһһ٣һԵѾǴӹ̨˳סף
С֣С㲻֪һǸʲôģǲ𰡣
ɩӣûйϵ׳
СӣҺǰɣһʰǡС绰ʹĵ·ܼ࣡
·̴ܼࣿ򣡡
ԱߵǸС˵绰ʼһķܿ˵绰Ǹ·ܼ࣡
֮ǸСص۶·ܼ˵ߣѾϹˣӾ͵ֵ࣬һֱ¥תء
·ʹӪܼ࣬ӪӵżȨ  ӪҵԱиֵһᣡ  ·˵һ仰Ļǿ¾ǰ϶顣
Ͼ㽭ʫڴƣҲ˼ҵҲ˼ҵĹزǣ  һ绰·Ҳǻˣ  ·ܲʶأǿõӪܼడ
۶ҴˣҴ˻кá
һİգҲû뵽ȻûƷԼһСӪҵԱƽϡ
ɩӣ˵ʲôɾͲɣΪԼʴˣ
һԵҲǳߣҵҪ˭Ұɩӿˣ
Сӣһ㿴үʵ
һּڱֵҪﱻǸŮԼ  һԼʱԼһڸ棬ŮϾܱ˳Сˡ
һԲˬǿĽԪ£Щνĸ߸ϵŮĸܹӵóԼħצأ  ȻϷŮһ㣬ǲŮһʶѣ
һǮһİǰʱ򣬾ǹ³ǶһٸԸģ
ֻһƺЩˣ
ҷSCʡ治һʺĵطҡҡͷ
һԵＱæ˵Сְͱ˵ˣ˵ɩҵĹɶû˰СѾˣҪڡ
鼱֮£о޳ˣ  ˵İɩӣڣǾû˸Ҷһë
ѽѽ۶۶ôҲǰ˵һأ㿴ǡ
·ǼԼ׵һ㣬űԼ׵Ҫᡣ
Ǯ
ǽǮܹһôϤ˶˵ĹҲܹһϤ˱ϥ
һжΪǰļһǮкܶܶǮ  ·һ·ܼ࣬㳡ԱԽԽ˰




1419˭˭
 

¥ݳƷר񴦣
·Ϲ˺ЦݣӣҲЩˡ
Ļ·һҲ֪ʲô飡  ·Цŵ۶ô˰˭˰
˭ˣҸ·ܣ̳ķ̬Ҳ̫˰ɣӪҵԱ˽¸Լ죬ҲӴңң˵ô죡
·ܲһˣ
·̵ѽѽ۶۶һ£
ϽģֻһҪǾ˸ҹҿҪ˰
ҲǱȽϤġ
ֻɱţأֻҪ·ӦþͰ׵ˡ
ϾС£ֱӰһ̳ܺЩСˡ
ֻҪﵽĿģþOKˡ
·תͷ곤⵽ô£
Ͻ·ܣңҸղһûзӦû뵽ǵ۶ˣǸǸ
Ǹ̳ȷ涨ϰʱ䲻ܸɷǹ飬ΪǴƾͿ̳Ĺ𣿡
·߶ʮһǰñӸˡ
Ͽ··ܣղʱûˣҸɩ˵ôˣ˵ˣѲҾͲˣ
ܣ첻ϰࣿ
·һϵʱҲֳһ˿Ц  ϣ·ڹ㳡ǱƺһЩͻ  Ըһ֮ҲǴ˵绰ѯɣ䣡
ɣ·ϽһѣܵĶˣ  ·֪ѾϲǸˣɰѾǱɺˣ
Ҳ첻ϰ࣬ԺҲϰˣϿ·
ǹ˾ģһ·ʵ
ǰǰɣ˵ǵܵĹӣҲֵ֪֪࣬ʲôء
·ҲЦŵ˿̶ϵ̬ѾǷ˸ת䡣
Ҫ֪֮ǰϲϵʱŮ̳ǾȨһĴڡ
Щ߹ܣҲǵøŮӵģ˭˼ҳƯܵĶӶϲأ  Цһǣ·ԼŰɡ
ϸһȥһǽʫٵĹӦ̹ͨģ곤ӽ쿪ʼԲˣ
·ʵƫܵģһССиʲô
ҪϻóĻķǳѰ죬ʱֻܹͣˡ
ʧˣʲô  Լôܹһٵƨأһã  ·ܣڸһλɣҡĲǹģ·
֪һ·ĻԼĹӦϰ϶᲻ӵġ
ϾȻʫǴƣǴҲҪ׬Ǯİ  ̳֮УҪǵӪܼĻԺҵҪ»ǿ϶Ƿַӵ飡  һССĵ곤Щ˵ʲôǿɲԸðŵ̳ķȫһССĵ곤ġ
׿ɩӣ㲻ǣ˵˽ʹߣ˭Ҳ㳡뿪ģ
С֣㡭˵ˡǸϵǸͷడ  Ͽɩӣʲôֲ̳·ģ
ߣ·ģҲǿģ˵еģ·
׿·㲻׵ľҪһԱΪǮȻݣǾͲ̳ܵˣǽҪֱģôˣӴҲ÷ָ󵽣
㣿Ҳ˵ʫ٣ļǮʲôһװͷ⣿Ц˼Ȼĵһҿ
ٸǲһйϵʲôʱ򰡣ǸЦڿԸǣԹˣ
ҹС㻹ְվߣҲ˵仰
ЩŭˣǰëͷСʵǲޱȰ  ǰɣϣ֪㱻ˣҪ㻹ѡطˣ·Цһ˶Խһߵ¥¥㾭̸ҵʫٵר
·ЦһһҪСӹңҹߣҿ쵽˭ųȥ
۶ģ¥лһ͵ӦϤǹ·Ǵһ˿΢Ц
͸һ˿ľû뵽һ׮±ڵģ  ֻЩƵǣ׺һνӣЩ˵ᰡ
ʵ̫ʢˣ
ԶһʮµӼҴҵĴԶ˹ȥͷ󺹡




1420Ӳл
 

¥лղȥ󻮲ͨ¥飡
Ǹղȥ¥ϵʱóʷ˼飡  ʹıˣ
ԭѾǳ׵˳ʷ̨ȡ֮ԭһСְԱƲ
ںܶ˶飬лǺܼģ
Ϊʹı׻ļϼŸչˡ
ϼŵʵǸڶ֪  ˵ϼţʹĴӴԺ󶼻ҡֱϣ
ϼŵ϶ܹڶĹǰĤݡ
ֻûдϲѳԼͱӪܼ·ˡ
л׺վǱߵʱҲʿˮΪ֪ǰǿϼŵĸ߲㣡
·ܼ࣬ң
л·ܼҲǱȽϵ𾴣ڻûи㶮ʲô״أ
л֪һ飬Ǿ֮Ĺϵ
ڵνˮǴ߰ǰָܹ㽭ɽϾĹ̨Լ¡
ڣǽлһӣҲˣ  л¥㾭ôİ黹ҪܼƨɣǸЦ
·һû˵ʲô飬ֱͷĶлһͨʡ
л·ΪǱʲôط̵ܼܼ࣬Ҹղȥ¥϶Խһ¥Ĺ棬ԡ
ɣ̸ʫٵĹӦ̴绰
·ЦһһԵҲǵĿ׵ˡ
ƺڸ׵ˣһǮʹĥĵط  лһ·Ļ˶סˣ

·ǲǸɵȱʱѾҿѲӱŸˣ  һ˲䣬лѾԼжϣ  Ǿ·ܼ໹֪ղ¥Ϸ飬վ·ܼԱߵǸʵҲʶġ
Ҳ֪﷢ìܣñ׺ϸˡ
·Ҫƨ  ֻЩҪЦƨ˰ʱ·ôĶ֪ˣ  ղɣӻĿһᰡ
·ܼ࣬곤ʲô𣿡лʵѾû˸ղŵֵӺͺ£  ֮ǰеĺ¶ף뷨һжòһˡ
лҪʵ绰ʫٵĹӦ̣ǳְʲô𣿡
·Ӫܼ࣬лֱ˾Ҫ֪·ӪǿϵȨġ
챻лôһͨɣˣ
л··ܼ࣬곤ƽʱϸ£ҵһֱǶ¥õģ绰Ҳܴ򣡡
лȺ˵һ飡
·ɫһ˲ޱȣһСС¥㾭Ȼ涥ײԼԺԼȨεı֣  л·ʼ˵һ黹곤ҵˮƽͷˮƽǼģ·ܼƽ޹ʵҴ绰Ҫˣ
··°㻹ǷһֱӴ绰ɣ
·΢΢Цһ
·̵۶ң
۶ʶ㣬Ҳ֪Ǹϰ壡Ҳ֪곤ˣҾһϰһССĵ곤ƽϣǡ
лȺǻȥˣ  лȺȥ²ݽĴǳʣʲô·ŭһ
ҿӦлȺǰɣ׿лȺʵ
ʵҲóлȺӦ֪ԼݣǾСͦġ
һʼû˵ԼݣҸ·񶼸Ҷţ˻ǲ  ңҲҪһƲԼˣ
ܹᶨվӣñ׸ϣֻ˵лȺõ˻Ҳס˻ˡ
ǣǶ¥¥㾭лȺлȺ׵
лȺΪʹӪֻܼ࣬һ˸ҹȥԺֹ̤ʹİ벽
ʵЩᷳˣ
ǣֶлȺ·õзһ
лȺ㡭ʲô˼·ȻƺˣЩĿˡ
лȺ˼·Ѿʹĵϰˣ㳡ֶˣڸϽ
ʲôˣôܣ
·֪ʲô飬ɫѿ˼㣬ȥһʧǵӣ
һԵҲǺòȥʱ򱣰ѾˣĿ֮£ӲıӲק˳ȥ
ɴ۾ǰһУоһľ㵣  һ̫ͻȻԼЩûзӦĹء




1421ͷԸͷ·
 

㳡¶촦·˴۵С۵ĿŶԷ
·һȦĿı仯Ҳ̫˰  ǰһԼʹĵӪܼ࣬һԼͱɨسˣ
Ϊ˰ģ
·۶ҡҿΪİ
Цһ·ܣ֪ģİɣʹĲҪ㣬Ҫ㣡㵽һǱҲһӪܼأʾԲߵ͵ģ
лл۶лл۶
·һһ⹤úõĶԼôȥأ  ʵʹģλȨأͻȻ֮䷴ô϶ܲ˵ġ
Цһû뵽СӾȻʹģҵС
۶ʲôۣĴϰ壬ʮʹģҲǴ´İ
·һƨ˹ȥʵҲ߰ʮҡ
CУҲǷǳϰˣ  ֻһʹĻУʮʹģǰʲȫˣҲǲܵ飡
Ȼˣǧƨ·ĻǷǳõġ
͸һȥСʹΣCУǮܹеͨģ
ЦһCˣCӵĳ棬Ǯˣ
ȻǲеģǮҲøղЩ˳ԳԿͷ
˿Ƕˣ˼Ҹϳ˹Ĳ˵Ǳϳġ
һֱУҪй  ·ǲ֪СǴðģ
˵ڴ绰һ£Сӵʲô·̸иѴ绰һͲˣһСӸҸҰ
붼÷ǳķŭûܹ˵裡
֮ǰʹģҲ˸װ棬Ǻ֪֮µļֱһ㣡  ǿСߵλŮĻʵҲûôˡ
ˣɾͲôˣҪ
۶̸ܼɣ绰Ӧ֪ʲôġ
·ʵбҪô˵棬ԼлȺˡ
ԵǱСӸһ  Ϊɥ֮ȮлȺԼλˣ
ȻҪȻͼӴףԲֹġ
ֵȻǷǳĻģ
ڴ̾ʹ򣡣ҵҪ
·̵ͷȻԼĶͳֻͨɣĵ绰
ͨɣĵ绰ûмӵʱ䣬ȴɣ侹Ȼ߳ˡ
·ܼ࣬ô⣿
ɣ˿ȥΪǷϣĹˣ˲һ˿
ϼţĸ־һɽһѹ
ɣܼ࣬Ҫأ۶ʶİɣ·ɣ
۶ҵȻʶ˰á
ɣûˣϰ壬ȻǷǳĿˡ
һɣ䣬˵ɣܼá
ɣܼ࣬۶ոһ鷳
˵꣬·Ͱ淢˵һ飬⼸һֲ䣡  ֻһԵɣ俴·ʼһԲ
˵˲ˣ۶Ĵϰ壬Ȼܵ˵裡СʹôôĿˣ
·ȫվĽǶ˵Ҫ֪񼴽ҪΪϰˣ  ·ҿ˰ɣǶ˼ҵģ
ɣ俴·Ȼ˵ҪɶģҲ΢΢ҡͷıʲô𰡣  ֱǳ
˼˭ǿϼŵĸ߲㰡綼ܹ֣
ھȻҪ˼ϼŵĸ߲㱨  ôˣǵһ˿Ǻܸˣ˼ϼŵĸ߲㿴ǾǸ  ɣ䣬ôô˰ǿˣɣ˵·ң·
һԵǲ˵Ǹߵɵӣ  ɣηηУѾǸоһ˿˿ĲԾ
ɣȻҪ֪Ҿ͸ˣ˼ϼŵĸ߲㣬ȥɣҿô𷨣ټ
˵꣬ɣֱӳԶȥɲ·ȥˣ
֡ϼţ·ʿˮ
һ㶣Ȼ·ǡǸ·ܰҺȻҹ˾е飬ǡǸͷİ
˵꣬ľˣ˿һĸεѣ
ϼ⼸֣ղŲûһĸˤﻹȥ·˵
·ͱˣ  ˼ҲҪ鷳źã·ǲܵģ
·뿪ӣоԼǰһڣһԵڵء




1422Ŀɿڴ
 

ʹĶ¥  ￴׺ϵˣоһĻ㱣ԼϹõһʲô˰  һԵлȺ׵ֶǲ˼
ûʲô˼ģȻˣҲҪúõİա֧ܺܵĹЦŵ
ֶģһᶨƵվܺܵĺ棬ŬɺøлȺ
￴лȺЩɵʵлŶлܼ࣬һ⵽ô𣿡

лȺû뵽ﾹȻôʣҲһ±ƣ  ϾϵɩӰȻ֪Ĵ£
һЦŵɩӣʹѾ׸ˣͷİɣû˸۸ģ
ˣҵιԹԣǵûǮ
һ̳׵Ȧˣû뵽λСүȻôǮ
Ȼﲢ֪ҪǮֿ֪ͷˣ
˿̸оЩȻһ㣡  лȺЦŵ֮ǰѾˣ곤Ժģһἰʱ֤κεί
΢΢ҡͷɩӵݹҲûʲôϧģ
ףʲôɩ߸ɵĺúõġϿЩʵ
ôģʹԭԼŵģù켯ŵ˻ǩתЭ飬Ѱ˼߰ٷ֮ʮŵĹɷתɩӵ£
׿Цŵٷ֮ʮŵĹɷݣǵǶǮ  תøң
ĿɿڴŵòЩվˡ
ϽڰֵʹʹãôҪСĶأ˵ˣҡ
ɩӣͱҿˣһ㣬ɷݲתõǷ޵£תõһ˵£
׳ղѾ˵ˣϵĸЩ̫ѧãɲⶫһѧˡ
ĲѧõĻϵ׸ôأ
С֪ǿСϵķϵģϾǼؽܲСϵ׸硭̵
ԼЩˣͻһݴҵЩͷĿѣģ  ҡҡͷҪĻҲøɩʣҸǸ˾˰ɣʲôʱѧ˵ɡ
лܼ࡭׿һԵлȺ
ֶ˵
лȺҲǱȴֱʸŪۻңһ־ǰٷ֮ʮŵĹɷݣҪ찡  ֮ǰ㳡һʮڵļ۸ǰٷ֮ʮǶ٣
ǻ൱ڶʮڰһӴһнײΪ̣оʵ̫ˣ  ϼŵ˹ǩԼʱ͸˵˵ġʱҵ˼죬֪𣿡Цŵ
ǣֶģϡ곤ϲ㰡
лȺҲǳĽ֮ɫνһ˵õȮ찡
˭˼ôһɫСأһһ  лȺˣ˿ߵʱҲ緢ӽԺҲʹĸ߲֮һӪɱȨˡ
ܼ࣬ǿֶģ˭ֶ˼أ
лȺҲ֪ԼúøɵĻԺԼҲᱻ̭
˿Щϰµģʵû뵽׾ȻôĴ󷽡
һԭԼҲ飬ѾǱʵôܹأ
ϿЦŵɩӣͰŰɣԺҿܲڼҵʱܳչ˰Ҹλϣ
￴ϲʵȥ
һЦŵҴϽ飬ԺᶨӹҲ˵ԡ
úúãɣȻȥǣ￴ʵ
ЦЦôȥҲʰ㶫ٻȥɣ
һͨĹȻһϼҵķ˹ȥ
˿̣ϵļУҲַǷ  ϵĸֺĸ׺ҲڼæĲȣȻϵĸ׹Ҳˣʲô
ԼӵգҲǽôһžһ
ȻˣһҪĿľҪͨЩȰ˵һԼؽܹа  ؽڸű˻죬ȻڼﻹǺĸĻȴ֡
СѧϰͲã֮һʼȥҸһɣǺȥ˻ˡ
˵֪ٴˣÿһζ
ؽܲδȥҲ֪Լռ͵顣
ʱɳϣһ˵Ỵ̈ȥһɵӡ
СܰϽк̡ǣߡ᰿ԼӵӣҲЩƵ˵
ԼֲûгȣҪźǸʲôؽ˵൱
⺢ӣô˵ذգ㲻ȥӦӦ˵ôˣӸʲôΪˣ
ҲǽŻῪʼؽܽ
˵裬㷳Ҫҿ˰ؽһ˵
ˣСᰣǱ˵ˣϾСܵգһؽܵĴҲ̾һ
װʲôˣҿɲһףϽԷһҪȥءؽû˵
㡭
᰸Ҫ˵һѾҲ͵͵ĨһᣬȻȥţ
᰿ŵʱҲ¶һ˿Цݣ֮ǰǸԼҶɹѹصС־Ȼˡ




1423ؽ
 

ϵļУԭЩгգƺΪ׵ĵ˸ı䣡
վſڣҲվϵһԣҲЦ
ЦŵӴС˰ôҲǰ̴к
׿źᰵ̣ðɣҲǸյûж೤ʱ䣬ûдŵɣ
ţţϽɣʲôһЦ
˵ʵΨһָԼŮˣ
ӣ첻ѧãԼҪˣ  ԼŮԼĶϱǳĶ£ҪȻĻҿ¶Ųסˡ
ôˣϰ𣿡
׸սĸǰһ൹ǲվָʹĿ
Сܣʲôգ㻹˰᰿ؽЩüŪ۵˵
ϿؽЩƵ˵磬ǿǻյģɱʶ˰
ߣ˭ѣһؽܿײм˵
ؽܣô˵أСϵѵһεǼʲô̬Ȱ
Ҿ̬ȣô˰˶°ҪҲǰ˵һɣչʲôҷͷ
ؽܱӲǱӣҲģһ˿Żܲˡ
׿ؽ΢΢һЦãҽףϵѡ
ؽܣؽûĿ˵һ䣬ȻܿʼԷ˰ɣһỹóȥأ˭й⳶Ҹ㣬극Ͻȥϰ࣡
㡭һô˼˵ĻɩӸоֵˡ
ϵĸִӳ˳ֿ˿ؽܣŭһТӣҹ̸ҹҾ͵ûôӡ
ӴӴӴŻ˭ذûӣǲڿδŮˣͲ˰һŮǱ˵˰
ؽ֣ܿȻҲ֪ԼϵƢ  ˵ѹҲ£Լϵû¾ȥŻˡ
ÿһβǱԼԼøȰ
ؽΪǼеӣֺͺ֮ǰܵӰ죬ҲЩŮ˼롣
ڹؽڶ˲ɸˣ  ֻûкҩԣؽܳˣûиܹεסˡ
㡭
ߦȣЩ᲻ôȥϾԼĶӣ  һԵϵ֣㵹Ǵ򰡣㿴ڶʲôˣ
СϣգֵĲ
׿һԵϺЦŵ
׵ĻҲЩݺ˵С֣㿴Ц˰˵ҳ󲻿ûϢĶӡ
ûϢгϢǰɣҸ϶ŮţǰɣԺһҶ
ؽŭһ⹷ӵƢŭ졣
ԼĸףȻܹ˵˲Ļ˭Ҳܲ˰
ǸҵϹۼ޸㣡
ֱܵؽܵĸǰؽܾһƣ  Ҵң˻
ؽ־׼ﶯ֣һԵ׿ؽܵӣʵ̲סԼⱩƢˣ  ž
һץסؽ֣ܵϾһϵĸ磬Ҳ˼һε׾Ͱ˸ˡ
ڵ׿νһֵӣڸһ˵
ʲôִǰɣʹһԣؽЦһ
Ҳ붯֣øǸôܹԳ˵Ĳһ
װʲôβǣŲŪ㣿ؽЦһ
˵һ飬Ǹ׵ɫı䡣
һԵ˶סˣؽǸģʵҶ֪ġ
СС֣ˣһʶ᰿׶ˣԼоһΣ  ҲẬۿ棬ԼƽʱҲˣ
û뵽ԼԼδϹԼ͵ʱ򣬾ȻϿһĻ  оһίͶˣ֪ԼΪʲôĸ磿
СӣѾҪǲɿĻǿɱӲˣ
ؽ֪ǰСӸҶִԼҪȢԼǾ͵װӣ
֪׿ɲʲô˳Է
ؽ˵һ飬Ǹ
ɵȱ˵Ļؽû뵽СôôѶѲ
׷ǳĲˬֻ˶ѣ
飡
ֱһȭؽܵǱϣȻȿƵĿԣ˻ǲɱģ
һ˲䣬ؽܵǷɽĭѪգȥЩˣ  ؽֱһӱɷɳȥԶϼҵűߣкߺģƺǳʹ࣡  ʶôЦһ  ֻһԵĶˣո׼ŵݿһĻҲŵĿɿڴ




1424̬
 

㡭˭
⣬˹˿ȥ϶һСӦҲǸոչõ֣  һһŮĿɿڴĿף
ϾԼı羹Ȼˣô˿һ仰ûУյҲǲˡ
еĽζϴ̼ҵĶӣվںζԱߵŮǶ̼ҵŮ  ؽܵգ˰ϵľͳ߸Ϲˡ
û뵽ûнţԼұ类飬ҲǾˡ
ȻԼ͸ڻҲֲ˹ָֻŵİɣ  ζǹûйϵϵĴ̿СҪ׳֣ҲǸϽֹ
ʵ˵ǶǾ÷ǳĽһǻǹͨģ
˭ؽʵǲأ
裬綼ŸˣôҲζһŭĿԼ
һԵĻҲǵǰƾʲô˰۱أ
úã
ֿףĴָ
˵̷˰ǰѱ綼˰۾ͱ˭ζһ˼˵
ʲôϱõѣ֪ͱϹ˵һԵĶҲǳ
ؽܸղʵ̫ˣǴǾҲġ
ӣٴʮǶǲֵģ  õѣѱˣҵθ찡˵ĶʲôʲôоԼˡ
ŭһҲۣ
᰿ؽܵӣҲЩʹӵ  ôĶӣȻҺԼĸ϶ĶҲһǰ  㡭ҵţǧ߰
ؽܺվԼͣȻ¥¾˳ȥ
Сܣվס
ᰵᶼˣ˶Щ֪룬û뵽úõһٷȻֳӣ
׿ֺͺЩ˼˵Բ尢̣Щ嶯ˣ
û嶯ĺС֣
ɩӣ㡭ôҲ˵˾ǲԣʲô
ʲôȻҵô˵溰϶˵òôʵ̫ʧˡ
ҲЩľƣ˵֮ǰֻΪؽЩѧãϣԼŬܹлһ
ѾǲѧõˣǸͲˣ
ˣһֱŻȻҲֺ֪ͺᰰŮһĶԴҪӵؽܰ
ɩӣұô˵Ҳ΢΢ҡͷ̫쵰˰
ζҲ㶵ļٵİҪĻǻǴĺð
ֵӻЩס˵ˣɣСֵһʽţС˵ղҲˣ̺Ͷ̻СǶڣһԸ
ŮţСᰰҲˣϽȥյ裬˫ӸǰСĺͿҲͿ˰ضˣ
һԸϽѵĨһᣬҲǳųķ˹ȥ  ɫ൱ѿۿѾͨһƬ  춪ˣֹǶؼҵˣҲǶˣ˼׸ǰôˣ
ʵ׵ۣȫؽܰ׳԰׺һӣô  ƾʲôͶ
ȻҲôģΪʲôֻѹɷݸȴؽܣؽϵ׸磬ΪʲôҲ
һƺЩĬ  ֿ˵ˣҲ𲻸ˣСϲ£Ǹ˼һˣ
Цŵ壬ҸҴһЩ
ѽ㿴ˣʲôﰡ»ؿɲҲǿһ˿Цݵ
ղؽܵӣʵо޹⣬˼Сֿеλ˰  һԵĺζͻ죬СǰɣϵıǾͲҪˡ
ǣǱ磬ôŵһҲӰɣζû˵Ȼ˵ؽܱϾǵı硣
ҪҪҲЩ˵
˵ãû˼˰ǿǰűİѣһͶ֣Ժ򲻴㻹һأζ
ϿװϵУ
Ҫ˵Ϳ׵оȻó˼װԭҪ˵ĻһӾסˡ
һԵĺζҲʿˮ⡭Ǹǵģ
Цŵ˵ȷҲԣΪТΪȣһԼĳ֪أҲûʲôˡǼΪҴˣҲ޻˵͸ǣϣҪΪҵĹϵӰǵļͥϵ
лл÷򡭡
ζһ˹ǻҲǵʲõһУг˼֮ɫ  һĻ˴۾ղŻߵһգһ۾Ĺ򶼿ʼһһ÷ˡ
ⲻò˸̾Ǯʹĥ




1425ǡۡ
 

°һ־һװһֱ᲻أ
׼˵ֻһӻûзӦĹ
ʵһδĻױƷȻǵͻʺ죬⹫Ҳ൱İġ
һ֧ۼǿǴﵽʮģ
ʶΪⲻһʯװѣû뵽װȻǹ۵ġ
޵ķɫҲʶΪǱʯۼһǧͲεġ
ͲεģǻҲҪҧҧܹġ
ζҲЦǺǵ˵ɶ÷򣡣ղŵҲؽܱϾǱ磬㿴ôԶĹǴ۲ȷʵô¡
ζ׷һŮۿҪϦˣҲϣһöŮ  ǼҵļҾǺһģԭҪױƷ͸ԼҪ׷Ůġ
һĻױƷò֣ϻױƷ˵ҲҪһǧˣ
ζոչ꣬һ¹ҲǧǮң
ƽʱһЩÿʲôģ̸ҪҪǮ̸ǧǮױƷˡ
һǮӢۺ  ζôоԵóױƷ׺еʱǱһһ㣡  ЦŵֻҪǲҾͺˣһأҪΪԼ飡СϸҲҪһܵģҪǲܹúˣҲǰ״һ𣿡
÷ҿ㰡ұڵϻģǰֵûСһ㣬ҹĻһ϶˹ģ
ζʱҲͷųԼ⣬˼ҶôصԼˣҪԼûһʲôʾĻҲǲ̫ˡ
Ҳǵܸʵ˲ûҪǱ÷ܹѱŪĻο¶Цˣ
û˵ҿûˣǱˣǳǵġ
ѽ
˵ҪԷʱ򣬻ȥ·ʲô´½һ㣡  һԵĶ̳Сӣܲȵһ㣿ôˣôһһէĸʲô㿴˼Сָŵá
ζҲǵ˵ɶˣ
̵ζ㡭Ͻ⡭⻯ױƷɶ
ʲôɶһֻզΰղ㲻ѾϻױƷ׺Уζû˵
ǸеģڻױƷоȻǺ
ʵ˵ˣѹҲֻ֪ϻױƷʲôɶҲǺģ  壬Ż壬һ󼤶֮󣬻ԭڰԼе׻ױƷ
ǵϻױƷ׺С֡ۡʱ˶ˣ
ϻױƷΪΣÿһεĲǼֱ֮𰡣
ۣǿǵĻױƷ˵ۼۿʮװ׺УǼһǾʮ򰡣  ҵȻ֪ϻױƷ˰ۣ˵ǸСֹۣɫһĳ֮ɫˣ  ʲôۣ˵ܲ˵˵һ밡ζ
һԵĴҲЦŵСѾͷô°
̣۰ҵθţ÷ǸĴָ
ϻױƷĵȻ˰׺ҪüǧذɣζҲǿЦŵ
ЩĵĿźζǸlowаǧ飿ڸһ飬˵Ū׺ˣ͵Ūһ֧ҾˣҪȻǸң
ţʲô˼ζܵİԼеĻױƷĸˣɵĿ˿
һʿӵǲ֪˰ɣҸǣ÷͸ǵһ׹۵ĻױƷ׺У˵ĲĻӦʮְɣ
ۣ
ζһˮˣĭ㡭ûëɣ
ϻױƷļ۸񶼲֪Ҹ㹫ֻͨģǻʺߵĻǼֱȽӻҪֵǮܶܶˣ
ף˶ѾǼĲˣ  ϿŻҪŵĻҪʺˡ
ҵθ찡һױƷʮ򣿡
Сְ⡭Ҳ̫Ʒ˰
ǰСְôصǿɲհ
˭˵أ⡭˼ҵһţô⡭
ϵĴַ̡̣ڣǻ϶Ǳ۸ŵˡ
һ׷ӲŶǮôĻױƷ׺УһǮˡ
˿̻һο׵Ѿԭĸмˡ
ȻԸϣɺܶʱǮǿ԰쵽ܶ飡
׿Цŵ尢̣ʵһأǴ׵ġ




1426׵ĸĿں
 

һ׻ױƷ̸ıϼҵݶ׵Ŀ  ڼ˶Χתˣ
Ƿ׷׵Ŀʼһ˲ʲôģҲ֪ⲢԼĳһ˲ţԼá
ߣܶʱǴɫ۾˵ģҲ֣  ֻҪǷǳĹ֣ǿԽܵģ
һҪĿľΪ˸ף鶼Ҫճ̵ġ
ף
ֺͺ֮ǰһֱڷԼӵ飡  ǵؽһȥأǺСĸɳʲôͿ£
׵ʵǻֻ֪ΪҪܶû˵  Լؽܺﶼ֪׵Ǹʲôġ
֪ˣؽȴһ֪ҪǷʲôìܵĻʱôճأ  ֻͻȻףַһҲסˣ  ǵ尢̣ҸСʶҲкܳһʱˣͶϣһҹأʵϣ尢ܹӦŮϼ޸ң
׿ֺͺһĳϿңҲԷθһ뷨ˡ
⡭⡭
һӶ֪Ӧ˵ʲôˣ֧֧Щ˵
һԵĺ̵ͷӣôؼʱ̾ͷأСְǼҲǿеģֻǲ֪СǱߡ
Ұ޲ϻȥأأһҸСమأҲοһ³ߵģЦŵ
˿̵Ѿͷ͵ӸǱˣɫͨ죡
Ȼ֪ˣԼĸĸǰ˵ʱ¶˽ߵСŮ̬  ˼С֣ڿǼļһǡ
ҲижЩһɱҲûа  ЦŵСֻ֣ҪСϴӦ߿϶ûġ
һԼĸ׵Ļƺ׼һѿڶ裬Ըģ
⡭ŮãҲЦ
ףһٸ⣬һǧ⣡
ǾԼܹ˼Сֵʮ֮һҲˡ
ֻϧû  վֺͺؾһлл尢̣
Ǻǣڻ尢̰һϵĴЦ
Ȼú尢ˣ˵̷̡ҪǸĿǿǵøĿڷѵİζЦŵ
ԶԶԣĿڷѣЩε˵滹ûзôǮ
ƺε壬һףĿڷѵİУҲҸǣ
÷㶼׼˰أٺһЦ
Сʲô̿ԼŮӣǳ
޷̣ղأζͻұ÷һûиأ׶˶٣Ȼɣڸϣ
СղǵĻױƷѾǹɶˡҲǲ˼˵
һԵĴҲǵǰС֣Ǹղô㣬ˣҪҿ⻯ױƷӦû
Цẉ̶̂ǾɣǸ
Сϣ㶼˵ˣô˵ôûûذ
᰿ԼŮҲǳҪ˼Сֲˣǲã
ĸģҲΪŮˣС¶ģ  Цẉ̂ûµģζͻĺһҪģϾԺһͼѣ
׼ˣ
ɻĿ˿ףѹҲûпʲôʱ׼ЩƵ
û׼ʼ磬һԵĻԭЩһô˵ҲƵ˵˵÷򣬲İһҵĺȥ·أʱòμұõĻ񰡣
ûУֱӸваʵ
ʵ˰÷򣡣㲻ֱӸֽɣôоһϢأζһҲЦʵ
ζͻȱǮˣһ׸һǧһǧǧǧҲǮ
ûֽſŰɣóпÿп涼򣡣
ȥڰɣǧѿǮĺп÷˰ôʱУζҲǹһֵ
ҪҪҪңƵ˵ô˵𣿸ǺǼף
ӴӴӴ˰÷ѾĿ飬СֵõģٺһЦҿжǮ
Сӣпôĸ׿һ꣡  ˣʵҲ֪ڿЦǮǮٲǸ˼ʶѣ
ζ˵ֲǲ֪ǸʲôģֽưڽʱгЯƶPOSأ
٣ʱز鿴ǵϢûҪģѸǷ񣡡
˵꣬ȻĴǸóһƶPOS
ҲһƣԭֻҪ͵һЩпԺ֪˽Ҳν  û뵽Ȼھܲ鵽Ҳ֪᲻ǣ
Ǳߵȥܿ콫һпPOSϣֻǵʱԼܵ۾




1427ȦĻ
 

֮ʵһ˿˿ڴģ
Ͼλ÷һóʮϻױƷ׺УѰ˼Ȼ̫࣬Ҳиüǧɣ  뵽ĿԵģһˣ  ҪǮǶ٣Ҫһȷ֣
ֻǴ𰸽һ̣±ˣ
һĬĬЩ㣬ȷô࣡  ǸƳɵľǳɵĻֽƶǮȻǼΪеġ
ɵôǮʱ˶оһĪĸо
򰡣
˵򣬾׸Ǯĺر޴һˡ
͸Ҫ˵ˣֱ˲Ʊһ˷ͣ  ɵ˰ǸɶأζŻӣҲЩʵ
ʿˮǡǸζ㡭пҲңҡҰ顭
Сעò˼Сֻأʲô
ϵĶ̿ԼŮԼоһĶˣ
ΪԼԼŮ˸оЩǮˣܺԼҲˡ
ھȻҪǲǸһⲻСǼʲô  ҲһҪˣԼŮʵЩϹҲס  ζŶЦẉ̂û£С뿴Ѳɱ÷ǵĻܲһ𣿺Ǻǣ
ζˣһҲǺǳ
̣Сˣ˳㿴һҵҲOKˣζҲЦŵ
ʵζγ֪Լ浽жǮأ  ĺζ׷ŮǼҵģ̼Ҳ磡
ҪǮȥ׷ŮϾҲʮˣûأ  С֣㿴ӣǱҴ߻ˡЩ˼˵
ʵ֮ҲǾرĳԼĶӲ¡
ԼŮǳĸǳ֮ҲǱȽϵĿģ  ˭ϣԼĶŮŮгϢأ  ̶̻Լ׽㣬Ժ᰸Ǿйˣ
Цŵ޷˲Щ
һЦŵ˵㣬ǾͲһ𣿺ôҲõǼڿɣ
ƺû˵һ㣬һץ˺ζепȻһεĲԼPOS棡
ܿ죬ıһε  ׵˵÷㡭пǲô˰
ʲôôˣûǮζŻҲЦʵ
ûǮûǮأǡɫһ䣬ԼЩˡ
ĲпûǮ˼СֵϹҲס
Ҳǳʲô˼СֶôصĻױƷˣǻʲô
ףզ°ϿףҲ֪ײģ  Ȼ֪浽׷˶ǮûǮǲܵġ
ִǳģ˵ģ˵Լɩǰٷ֮ʮŵĹɷݣϸоһˣ
û£ӦǮİɣҼǵ֮ǰǮţҲüͷ
ҪûǮЩˣ
Ҳν˵POSڣҲν顣
ǵı÷ҡҵ˼ǲǸ̫˰ˣ
ʿˮ˫ֶЩ΢΢  ѾǳĳܵļˣȻû˻Ǯࡣ
Ƕڻ˵һĿںȻôǮʵû뵽
ǮǾûôǺǣҵһС⣬ǾŰɣ΢΢һЦ
׶ǮζŻһһէӣҲЦʵ
ˣǹ˰  Ȼ÷򰡣һ־Ȼǹ򣬺ζ֮ѾǮôˡ
źζ塭򣡡
٣
ζоһЩɵˣʿˮŻʵƺоԼһ㣡  Сղ˵٣һԵĴҲĿŻ  ֮ǰΪҵп÷ˣǺζпҲҡΪ÷ˣ
һǵһ˵˳˵֮Ŀ˿ף  ÷򵽵ʲôͷҲ̫Ϣһɣ
һĿڷѾ  ᰿Ҳǵɴ۾ʵС֣㡭ôǮ
̣Сϵı㣬ǵĸҲĽãҲһЩô΢һЩҾҲбҪġײ˵
Сְ⡭̫ˣҡǡ̺Ͷ˶ŵЩ˵ˡ
ϵּ֮ɫԱ򰡣
ⱲǶûмôǮһҸǿ׵һεб仯  Ǻζͻ˶׹¶Ĥˣ
ؼҵƺҲЩ΢÷ĳѾ𾪵ˡ




1428Ľ
 

ؼҵĿڣһ˶һֶݵĳĬ
ϵûʲôʵҲ֪ǶôǮ֮лǷǳĸжġ
ΪײΪԼ濼ǣԼǵˣ
вж֮أ
ף㡭ôôడ
ݵĳĬ֮ȿʵû̫֮⣡
֪ǷǳԼ뷨ģһ϶飬ı䲻ˡ
׿ϵղѾǽ͹ˣʵ˵Ҳ࣬ܰһЩͰһЩϾԺһˡ
÷⡭Ǯ̫ˣҡȻҪҲҪ׬ģҡ
ףʵʵ˵Ǯ˭Ҫ
һC֮ǶǸԣ̫ˡ
ɻ֪Ǯ˼ұ÷ģ֮ǰһ׻ױƷѾǺöǮˡ
Ҫ˼ҵǮԼùⲻȥˡ
ζҲǵͷҸ뷨һǮû˲ϲǱ÷ǮϾ׬ģҲɰ
΢΢һЦ뷨ҵǺοͳȥĶûջصҲû͹
ǾŰɣҵıСǮʱȻ廰
СҲˣһԲʵ
һţ裬ҸС˵ҲҪǡ
ЦŵɩӣҵģɲǸؽܵġҲûбҪʲôؽŽ̲ĵĻͲӵһУ׵Ļڸġ
СְҲǶԵġǲĶӣʹްᰳ
Ȼ˵Լϵһ⣬ôأ
ԼӾȻһϱ磬ʧԱġ
΢΢һЦİɣ̣ؽܲʲôˣҶģ
ţ裬ҸͽװɣҸ϶ĺõģ
϶Ҳǳĵģ׸ޱȡ
úúãԺؽܾͽСȥˣҲʡڱһһӵ
֣ӵʱܲǰ֪ͨһ°ˣԼСһƵ˵  ҲͷоЩ̫˼
һԵĻЦŵɩ÷ɶ˰˵˵¡
԰ɩرȤ÷ˣ㾹Ȼ˵СǮ
ζҲǲʵ

￴˿ףҲ֪ܲ˵
׿˿Цŵû£ԼˣҿԺúζȥ˾æҲͦõġ
ðɣС㳡йȨҰٷ֮ʮŵĹɷݡ
ЩСںζͻǾըһ㣡
ȥ㳡ʲôط˰
һʵ
ζҲĽ˵ɩһӿ̵а
ĵǸ㳡Ҳǿźζʵ
ԶԶԣ̣ǱúͱɩϰǸط֮ǰһҵڵѶ㳡й֪㳡ֵǮ˼˵
ٰ
ҲЩɵĿ˿ʵûжٵĸ  ֵ֪ǮǳֵǮ
ɾĳֵʱûˡ
ζŻû˵˵Ϳˣ㣬ʱ÷Ҳ֪˰÷˵
ҡһǲ֪ǹ˾ڸ̸Ѿ̸ˣûй£
ʼ
ȥ÷ļٵİǿǼʮڵչ۸񶼲ʣζףҲһ
Ǯ˵飬Ǹ㲻  Ŀźζٺ٣ʳûа
ζƵ˵УҺ˰ɣǽͷ㣡
л佱Ȼô֪Ҿ͸߸λɡ㳡Ŀ۸ʮڣ˵
ʮڣ
׼ֵʱҲǸоԼͷһСǣ  ɩӵʮڵʲҵθԹԣ˵ð˼ӵĸȻǼһţı÷򣡣
ζ˿һ˿ʵĶˣ÷ѾǳⷶΧˡ
Ҳʿˮ÷㡭ǼǿеİǮˣڴ̷̺򵽵ôʲôĲ񰡣
ԶԶԣҲҪ
ζһ˶ʣµľ޾ڴˣ
Ǳ֣ĴæҲû׼ʲôϿҲƵ˵
ΪЩ֮ǰģҲ֪ǮҲûˣ  ǸԼĸĸһڣҲԼĸĸûǣ
οѾԼɩôˣˣҲƷˡ




1429²񣬰ɽׯ
 

Сְ񲻲Ǿ˰ɣѾСǺܶණˡ
᰿ףҲ
ʵֻҪ׶Ϻãʲô񲻲ĲҪ
ԼδŮʵ̫Լˣڸоһ̿֡
Ϊ׸Ķ̫̫ˣʱʲô񲻲ģԼо˼ˡ
׿ֺͺЦŵȻҲ׼ˣֻ֮ǰûи˵ѣ
ʵC֮ǰѾίϼŵĶܲCйһɽׯ
ɽׯC൱ĳ˵˵ǹʱķ⽮
ɽׯ½裬ȴһϱԺĵط
ɽׯķݾл԰Сɽȵȣνһһס  ʱ˲ԸϼżǸгһļ۸ղɽׯ
ҪϼҵĲһݺصĴ
ɽׯ׾ͻʮڵۣطֻҪȥǸоǷǳֵá
ף㲻ҪǮɣһ°ǮҰҲҪģ̵
ǰС֣ǮҲǴģǿ϶ǲҪģֳ
ЦŵȻǸǮ֪˵û˵ɽׯ
ɽׯȻ˵˰ǿSC󸻺ܾסĵطζЦŵSCؽϣ˭˲֪˭˲
÷㡭㲻Ҫɽׯɣҿ˵ܵԣκҪɽׯģ
Цŵǲܵ飡
ɽׯѾǻõˣǿSCʡλһ
ֻ÷ͻȻ˵ɽׯЩˣ  ЦŵʹҲȴ֮ˣҸϵĲҲʺ϶ϣҿסǰɽׯͦõġ

ղŻһԲܵӣһ׵Ļ˶סˡ
ѾǱ׸߻أоЩʼˡ
һһ˭Ҳ඼ܲ˰
׵Ĳ񣬹Ȼʯƾ찡
ʣSCʡ˭ҺðɽׯƸأ
ôǰλ÷ˣҿƺֵһһ㣡  ζ׵÷ûЦɣǰɽׯܵİֲȱǮô᣿
΢΢һЦκζļ۸𣿲ܲǿҿĸ߼ۣȻҺǰ
ܲ˵һʼǷǳǿӲ̸Ը̸  ۣܲȻ׳˿Ժϼźôһջ
ǰǷԼ
Ǯʹĥ˵ĵҲǲģײΪʲôõ顣
κζڵͼֵ
ǿǰɽׯҵθ찡÷ĺܺ棬㵽Ǹʲôİʵˡ
׿ŻЦŵ㻯ױƷ
ûп÷㾹ȻҲǸ㻯ױƷİһݵ˵
ζɻʵ÷ĸױƷİ
԰԰ĸİԺһ̵ǣһΧͬ¶ġ
㲻ѾõĲˣЦŵ
ʵϵһ֪׿ľȻϼŵʱҲŵЩ¡
ѾӦˣ׾һ˴漣ĵطԼѾǱŪκ¶䲻ˡ
֡ϻױƷļٵİζ𾪵Ŀס
һԵĻǵǡǸصϰ㣿ǰɣô᣿
ٰ΢΢һЦ
ֲùֲãҽǼ˰ǩҪǩζ
Ѱ˼ԼϼŵĶ³˸Լı÷
һ뵽Լ׷ǸŮҪ֪ӣѾֿ˻  ׿ЦŵλʵôģֻöסڰɽׯĻԵЩ̫ˣɽׯһҿϿ԰Լݺס˴˿Դ齫죬ҲȰ
ҡҲסζͻ켤ӵһˡ
ǿǰɽׯ
˵һֱסܹסһţһӵ
СʱĹƺǾһǵƺѾ׵ĸı䡣
һвǱˣǰ֮ǰǻ˳۵ı÷򣡣
ףлл㣡
ϵб飬ЩԼû뵽飬׶뵽ˣĵĸжѾǷˣ
ſš
ֻǾ׼мȴһӲ֪˵ʲôʱſһž˲Ծüͷ




1430ⲻ˵ؽ
 

ڣüͷĳһ񲻶
׵ɣǰ¥µʱѾ֪ˡ
С
ȥţǱˡζͷȻ÷ҪȻǻȱɣǡ
ҲĹȡ
ֱóһɨ׼壬ζ  һԵĺ᰸ϽסֵôĶӰ
ϿԼĸĸ˵Ҳǳ裬Ǳˣ׽ɡ
ϵͦĵģҲзĵɵġ
ǸսǱ׿ǱԼĸҪǿ̫ˡ
ֻ֮ǰҲԼĸ̫ùû뵽Լʵǲ֪Ȥ  һξȻˣʲô
ԼװѴˣȻҪƻ
ԼĿѲɾôûз
ŭˣ޲ȥԼӣΪʵ̫ʧˡ
ֲǲ֪ǸЩҪĶСԵ̵
һԵĻҲǵͷǰ÷ȥģǾͱð˰ҿǻֱӱɣϾ÷أһͲ˸ҡ
Ǳ𱨾˰ɣǱ¶ȥˣǻŻŻǰɡζ
ң˸оЩͷö  ׿˿ζŰɣϾڼ棬ӦҲʲô
ζô˵Ҳǵͷţ÷ģ
ǵУǾȨһĴڣûа취˼ҵݵλء
أ
ζŴ򿪵һ̣˳˽滹վŶʮˣȥǳ׳ۣ
Щ˼ǲȥʲôģ͹վߣ첲ϵЩ¶Ҳǹ˵ˡ
˭ζȻؽܣǿΪ׵ǸҲ
һȥ
Ϊ׵Ǹӣȥʮ꣬ͷϵǵ̿ȥǳˣ
ؽܿ˵磬ұܣһʶ
ؽܰСӻǳϢڼҶܹ˸ˣ˵ȥ˲˰
绷һܣܿ㽫Ŀͣϵϡ
޼ɵĹâ˿һıŤ
ؽҲ֪ϲŮˣϾãںȻЩڰѹԼļˡ
磬ҡһʱСӵĵûҪֻҪѵһСӾˣؽָָ׳
ؽܣ÷򣡡
ɫɷףҪǺӲקĻ̲סȥСˡ
÷λǣƺײûʲôȤֱָָ̧һԵʵ
磬⡭ãؽܵЩСȥʵͦġ
ðĲ΢΢һЦһԵļҲЦŵ磬ؽСӲصôƯһãȻҴŰ
磬ãЦ˰
ؽɫһ䣬ԭֻǹģû뵽һƺѾǷ˸ı䣡
ãԺСи˰Цŵ
磬ô˵ؽҲЦ
ô˵Ժҿ㶼úһˣ˵ûиЦ˼ƺӵ޼ɵˡ
׾ôЩ˵ıݣһĨȣֻȴ쳣ı䣡  磬Цˣҡöˣ
ؽһɬƺѾĿˣ˿˸оһıƣ
һԼıϵĻӦô죿  ؽǻ򣬿ҲûеɥĲĵزڿԼƺ翴ˣһӻˣ
ʲôϿŹҲ̲סŭȵ
ӴӴӴȻSCʡӰҹϲһڣôŹĺģ㿴Сӵ壬ôأ
ŵЦ޼ɵ˿һҪĳ嶯

ϿŹ磬г֮ɫ  翴ؽһµ˵ؽܰǷҼʮǮذɣӣ˰
磬ⶼܾ˰㿴һٶ˰ɣһǸӵ˿Ź
һٶ˰ҲʱӦû˰ɣڼϽֵʦڵģҲøʮѰɣɣոһʮ򣡡
緢ˣؽȦˣһǱ߶֪Ӧ˵ʲôˣɫ൱ѿ




1431δ
 

һʮ򣡣  ƽʱĻֵ˶ѾǱŵû˵ˣ  ˱Щֱʸҵһһ㶵ģһʮǵĶиûκεĸо  ûκεĸоؽ֮۾һڣ  һʮ򰡣ǵȫ˵˵ģ֮ǰǮ˶ʮ򣬿һֱûлỹ
ΪԼŹ죬ԹҲûдծ  ֻһˣ˵ؽڸԼˣ
ҪѹĻ¹ҲܿԼãԼõĻҲû⵵ӵˡ
ֻһУ̫ˣ  ˵һҩĻɾǺҩ  ֻϧҩмУûĶڣ  һʮ򣿹磬ɱҿЦ֮ǰ˵Ҫһ𣿡ؽܿŹ磬Щʵ
Ҫ㻹ˣ˵ģһٶҪ㻹ˣ㵱ǴƼҰŭһȻһŴؽܵϡ
￴ԼɷǱӣ৵һ¾
һԵĺζŭĿԲľ׼Ҫȥȴ׸
Ͽ׵ĶԭҪװԼĸ磬Ҳû˵óڡ
ûжƺڿ·ֻ˵ܹһ㣡  ײְؽܵԭʵҲΪԼνֵܻߴʲôˡ
ҲҪʲô裡  ȻˣҪһҪؽܵûе  ķù۸ϵĻ׼ǴЩˣҲһģ  ΪʲôΪĵ߶Ѿûˡ
һֱ̲ҪؽܵĹ浽Ǻǻ  ƽʱЩΪľһﻵˡ
ԽԽܹһĵߣ
磬Ҹ˺üˣûйҲпͰؽܿŹ磬ԼоЩˡ
˵Сܰùֲ𣿹㿪ЦȻ¶һƵЦݵ
ؽҲǸ㲻絽Ҫʲô  ŹЦ磬лллл
лңӦøлһðСܰҲ֪ҵʮˣкܶŮҪңҶۡɽһ֮Сͨͨ
Ǳ߻ɫĸؽ˵ȴʼû뿪ϣ  Ͽؽܵ磬˵ĽĴ磿Ҫ᣿Ҷ̫ʧˣڸߣϽҹȥʲô㲻֪𣿡
ؽܣӽԺûӣҹҲŭһ
ϣҵ̩ɽϿɱŭһֵӣ̵
ޣ˭̩ɽҪҿҪ˰ŭһ
㱨ҿץӻץңǹģ粻м˵
磬磬ԺҸǰðɣǸŮˡ
ؽܿŹ簧˵˿޲Լӡ
ҪԼΪ˱ҲֳɽӰ  ؽܣӾ͸ѡ񣬵һһ£ǵһʹڶǾͱִݻˡ
ͻȻǱ˸һ
ؽͷ󺹣ĺԵöЩ٣֪ǰʲôˣ
Ҳ֪ʲô鶼˵óԼð
СѧãԼȴǼĽ
ؽܱԼҲһֱԼĽ
羹ȻԼѡеѡ  ԼˣҲóѵģؽһǰûڲѣ
磬㡭̫ص˰ɣ
ؽԥһ֮ŹɫҲĿʼˣ  Ӵǣѧˣ
ôؽܣĽŲĳؽܵķƶš
ž
һӾǳؽܵϣֻʹؽԼȴһĨĺ֮ɫ  ؽܣǸֻҪǴһ£һʮˣþǳȥһҲһʮɣ׬ˣСӡ
ǸӿؽܣϸֳһĨζЦݣ  ؽܣٸһλᣬӦǲӦ翴ؽܣֳһ˿׺ݵЦݣ  ΢΢ĲһβǱԼĸģǱЩ˵ġ
ؽһ磬㲻壡ؽǸСܣ㾹Ȼõ⣬Ҫ黹û
Ҫҡ
һɫ쳣ѿ
ԭΪؽСӿ϶Ǿͷˣû뵽ƽʱһ۸СӣȻӲ
ʵû뵽еǰ취




1432Ź
 

һ
ײؼ˶ǳĬѣĬĬĿЩŰ裡  ؽܱˣƺҲûͬ
˻쵽ϣʵҲǷǳҵģ  ׿ؽܣҲ΢΢һСһߺԭûɥʧ  Ҫ۲һʱ䣬Ǳ˸ˣʵҲӦõġ
̬ȷǳᣬλһһŮԽⷢӣ
ؽܣдһ˿ζ
磬Ҷ²װɣϾǾһ˱ʱ򡭡
һԵӿŹ磬ҲǲҶ֣ϾҪ񾯵ĻʱҲ˵˵ȥġ
ЦһʲôСǷǮǷծǮ쾭壡ؽܣڸһλᣬӦǲӦ
ǷǮһỹģһʮ򲻿ܣֻǷ㲻ʮϣҪ۸ãŶûУ
ؽʱӲ˶Լĵߣһ֮¾Ͳôˡ
ߣҵҪӲҵȭͷӲҴ򣡣
һ£ѾΧؽһȭߣ
÷ۡǻǱɣ̫ˣôȥĻ¶˰
ζҲǼˣ֪ʲôȴһǱߣ
ҲˮҲϣܹæƺһ
ʿˮ׵㡭ҪȻҸɣ
΢΢ҡͷٵȵȣ
ʱؽȻײʵһ棡  һٱ֮ؽܻǿôֵĻҲ٣  ˵ˣߣСӿ϶ܱģ
żһ֮ǰɹô飬һССĳͽҲǱġ
ϲˣҲ޽Ƶİ
ؽˣϵĸĻ̲סȥš
Ĭ̬ȼҲ׵ĿģɱϾԼĸ磬֮лĲζġ
ֺͺ᰿ԼĶӵ汻˴Ҳݺᣡ  һ󱩴֮  һֻŲؽܵϣȻؽܣǸһѵԺÿ춼ֱӦΪֹóĻǸƵãӶӲ˰
㡭㲻ú
ؽܵĶͷ¶۾ͭһ㣬ݺݵĵŹ磡  һԵһڵʲôҪŮҪĵģԺܵģ
ߣ
Ц˼Ȼ˹ȥžҲû˭ˣ
ζ۾ϵĹԲҪЩʵǴ򲻹Ļȥƴˣ
Ȼؽܣںζ˵УǴĲ  ĿԼıڼб򣬶ȴΪֱһֳ谡  ˭ˣ
ڹ׼뿪ʱһϵӹ˵ı
Ӵǣвİ
ԭѾǴˣϾֳô󶯾һ˱ˣʱҲ鷳ǣ  ֪ؽôһƯãԺ󻹲ң  Ƿǳĳ֣ؽܼҵƽʱǿۿӶܹµó
һʮȥⰡ  Сӣ·㲻ߣ㴳ӻһ²ӣһ  һԵĺζһĭ÷򣬲ֵһʶ
ǰ÷˶࣬ǴӡӳɡҲί˵
Щ˶˭Ҳܲ˰
ղŴؽܵ龰ĿȻǮǮ˴ûйϵ
ȻôʵԺеǻᱨ  ڸôʮӲӲЩֵ  ղţƵǰɣүҺܶ궼ûҸǰôţƵ˰
翴ͻȻQ˳ƺˣһﲻؽõ
ղûüһ鷳û뵽һԼˣ  ׳ǰ˳Źղ˵ҪŮһǰɣ
ӴǣʶడҪӦҲаʱҸһǮô
Ц˼һԵЩҲٺٵЦ
֪ʲô𣿡׿ŹЦһ
֪ϲʲôϲľʶˣ绹ڵ٩ס
أ
Ļ棬ƺͱȽϵĲˣ  һȭ˹촽֮ϣһֻѾǱˡ
˼ٿѾһ룬ҺѪҺĻϣȥЩѪĥϵĸо  һ˲䣡
ȫžһԵӵûзӦô£




1433¸Ҫ³
 

һƬȻ֮  ˱ͻȻ֮ľٶŻˣ֮ǰؽܶŵһһ㶵ģ
Ҫ˵״ԼؽҲˣ
ôҲû뵽Լֻһδ÷򣬾Ȼ˵ֱͣӸɵ˹磡
ʲô˰ǿCһĻ찡  ı۸̹˸ŵģCҲǿӼĴڣ
û뵽죬Լļ棬Լδ÷һȭ̵ˣ
ؽܾˣ  û뵽龹Ȼᳯһչʵ̫ˣ
㡭ҴǴ磿
ӱĳָˣһʧȥĹǣ
Ҫ֪߿ܴģ⧲£ֱӱһȭɷˡ
ʧȥս浽̲˵
࣡  ǼҲǱߣЩ˾ôӣ
Ҫ֪˹磬ǾӸܴˣûĹǣҲֻܹӸˡ
ҪӸߺһҲͳȥˣƺӸҲеˣ  Ǻð  ô㲻׿ӵȻʵ
ܳŪԼʾһϡ
СĿռ֮УһͻƺҪγˣ
䣡
ŵһһȭźü˾Ϳʼ׵ķ߹  ǵսǳļ򵥣ǾȺǰ۸Ҳģ  ÷Сİ㡭
ζŭһڿǵĲү
ôΪؽܳͷΪΨһ԰æ׳ӣȻԹˡ
ֻǺζסˣû׼ȥʱ򣬾ͿһӰѾǳ˹ȥ
أ
ײǽֻصˤ˵ϣȴҲˣ
ļƺҲòȥ׼һȭһս
ʮʱڣΧȥˣѾȫ̵  һ⣬Ǳſˣ
⡭⡭СӺͰ
ţʿˮҲǣƺ־öˣ
ԥ֮ʣһץסӵͷȻһֱӹ˵ϣ  ղһԲѷȥƺҲ˵ˣǾǸɣ
赭д˵·˵һϡƽ飡
㡭Ӹ磬ҪȻ㡭
ſڼЩηη׳ǳǵƺʱ׼·ĸо
׵һۣǼ˿׵Ŀһεˣ  ֲҽֺ¶˵ĸоȥЩЦ  ˵һ飬Ǹ
ɿӵͷȻǳ
㡭֪˭𣿡ŭһҪ
ɽȴһεı׸סֱһؿ֮ϣ  ¡  ӵ֮ϣ۵  Ҳ˭ֻһ㣬ǾǹµǸҵĺޣ
㡭Σɱң
ʱҲƢһôҲҶԼ̫ɶİɣ  һԼˣҴף
ǲ  һͷѵ˵ĶУž˺ѷεĽк
һ仰ҪһЦ
Цˣ
˸оһĹ죬һ¾ȻЦˣǶôǿŰ  ҡԡԲϹˣҵǸ
ʵܲˣǴ̹ǵʹ·ڸҪڲǸĻһԼһֱ첲Ҳһ³  Ժ˭ٸ̤Ű벽³͸һ̧ǵ˹
ҲԸڰֵ̫Щ˸һЩͽҲˣ  ٹһӣϵȫҾͰȥɽׯˣطʱ֮ѣ
һ˵ȵĲ֮£뿪ϵļУ
÷㡭̫һɣ׼ӣͱռȻ˰ζ̵
ɣģȥ֪˴ʲôأû˵תͷ׼÷ֱҵż񰡣̫ˣ
û¾ͺãû¾ͺá
᰿û£Ҳһ˵ʵµľ£
ڿҲûʲô飬ͷˣ
һεĹ˿ؼҸо֮ǰҪػһ㣬˷ǳİġ
ֻؽ֮ܵеޱȣΪ֪˹һʱʹ죬ǹ米۸ᣬǿɲʲô˶ܹǵİ
ؽܣҹ£
ֿŹֱ֮ӾԼеɨѣؽܵķ˹ȥ  ʹðͷӣСܸձ᰸ϽȰο
壬ȱˣҲվס֣Ȼҡҡͷ




1434Ż˵Ĺ̨
 

ϵļУ  ؽܾôף֪һﵽ׽ʲô֣  ǽĻԼģΪӣҲͷϴģ  лˣ
ؽܿףЩޱ˵
Ȼ֮Ѿʶ˴󣬿ȴŲ˵ϣ
׿ؽ֪ܵˣ
ʲôʸ߽ѵңȢҲ÷򣡡ؽܳ
ˣ˼СΪã˵ǷôǮô죿
첱Ӵֵ˵һεɨ㣡  װڰֵ壬˵ɣ
֣׸˵ɣűģͱڡϿԼϺһһӣҲЩˡ
ϾԼ׸磬ϹͷŽ
׿ؽܵؽܣڲ̸ʲôˣ˰ɣ˾ͱˣ磬бˣ˿
֪û˰ɣҾôΰؽŭһ
㻹֪һΪģһҾˣʹǼ¥ȥҲǸˣ
׿ؽһдһ˿ɫ
ΪҲңؽŭһ
ǾʹģҪȥˣԺҾԲ˵һ䣡㲻Ժ͵øҹԹԵҶ㲻
ЦһʵؽϲܵˣĹǴ棡
ƽʱʱһҪӣ˵ͷŮˣ
á
ؽܳŴķ˹ȥһ˽Ŀؽܣɵ£  һΣȴƺһµûȥ  ؽ±ˣԭΪֻҪԼܹȥ϶кܶԼû뵽һһҲûж  Σ  ؽԼоһΣʿˮҡҿ˰

ϵĴ̼ؽܣ
ؽܴ¿˿˫ѾЩˣ  㡭ң˰ؽܴ˿ѾЩˣ˵ƺûʲôˣ
ˣϷˣҸؽܣҳְ㣬Ϊһ˿Իûİýǰˣǽ˭ҲȲ㣡
бһ˿Ĺâ
磬ͻͷɣģɩΪģôأϰ˵
׿ؽ̸ܳģ˵ŻЩˣ㲻Ǿֵ㲻ǾǺ㲻Ǿúţأ
ҡ
ؽЩƿԣʵǺˡ
˵簡÷˵ĶԣȥҲǰ취ζҲǳ
ؽܶ˫ֲԼͷ棬ƺҲЩûڣ
˾ôƺϣܹʶԼĴ  ô飬ΪһҲӦóһЩϵĵҲӦһЩ˰ɣ  һᣬؽվ÷лл㣡˵ĶԣҲôȥˣ쿪ʼҾȥҸϣ
磬ô°ֲʲôϿؽЩƵ˵
иҪ˵һ£÷˹Ӹ磬ҹһǿ϶˹ģԡǻȶһɣ
ؽܿ׵֮лźܶĵǵġ
ʵ֪ĵƦʣµľ޾ɧźĥ
Ȼղ״ˣͼ˸һʱˬ
  ͲҪˣֻҪܺԼˡǡߣҲҿǣһĿϣ
׵м͸ŵľһӵİ
ؽܿ׵ӣ̵㻹𲻵£֪ܴ򣬿ܴһʮ˸㻹ܴĹһǧһ
˵磬û˵ôĿŰɣʲôһǧһģ˰ζҲЩҰοЦŵ
ţҸ㣬һ㶼ţ֪ʲôǿ۸ˣؽܼ
ʲô۸᣿ļٵİζĺһ๾
ҵѽ磬˵ȥǻ죬㿴ڵ۸ᣬԺӹǸϽҰɡ
ǮˣҲЩˣ
۸˵Ӱʵ̫̫ˣ³׺֮⣬жϰµˡ
۸ɲ֪ϵʮˣµ꺢ͯǿ˲֪˲İ  ˶ǽŵĿףҪ˵Сǻûôϡ
Ͼ׵أ۸ǾͲһˣ
˵䲻һģǿɲܹǵİ




1435°εף
 

۸᣿
׿ؽܣдһ˿Цݣ
SCʡĹ򣬸۸Ӱһˣﶼܹˣ
۸ҲһССİɶѣ
ؽܳ۸ᣡ۸ܲڵأԵ˹磬ûа취ճ
ô찡磬ˣ˵úõȥʲô찡ζҲһֵĿؽܵ
ؽε˵֪Ӱ
ͲˣԼƽˣҾһ䣬Ժܲѧã׳ʵ
ؽܿףݺݵĵͷҡһѧã
ˣҲܹʱʱ̵̿Ŀ㣡ҿ㣬ȴܹ㡭׺ٺһЦ
˭ؽʿˮʵ
ǰ÷һĪĺ£ͳŸղӸӣҲһĵ
΢΢ҡͷһ֪ˣǻȳԷɣ
㻹Է
ؽܵĵǸʵƵĺܰ  ˿̣Ͳһ˵ȸϽ뿪˵أҪǹİ˸ĻǾûа취ճ˰
۸һˣʱɾͲˣ  ׾Ȼ˼Է˲Ͳˣ
һԵĺζҲǸϽ÷ۿɲߴ˰ҪȻǻǻطɣҲǾûˣ
ҲǵǰС֣۸ɲİ
׿Цŵ۸Ҳʶ˵ģûµġ
ʶˣʶҲûã۸ϵӵĺܣҪ˵ʶ˭ʶأǹҲ۸µһԱ
ؽܸͬ׵˵˵ⲻǱģ۸и޵еĴڣ
װڰֵؽܣֻԼˡԺӣҲΪˣ
ֻҪɹһأҿ϶аؽܿ׳
˵ǰؽܻܺĻʵѾǳ׵Լ״
һ˷ԣһ˷ȫһ  Ҫ۸ԼõʱԼһˣ  һˣԼļͥչ˲ãԼöˣ⻹ʲôˣ  Լǹģβѣ  һɫҴңҲ֪һҪԵʲôˣ
ֿʵСְһǽ鱨ɣЩ˿ɲЩ˽
ǰ÷һ²һ£ֻҪˣҲҺɣҲǵǵ˵
΢΢ҡͷΪЩ˶ʲô𣿺Ǻǣ˱ҲʮСʱǲ𣿺ˣԷ
һ£Ѿû֮ǰϲ֮飡
׺֮ǰ̸Ķ׵飬Ҳֻδˣ  ƺ˶ڵȴһ̵ĵϾѹضûжȹȥأ
ǻһЩģϾߣ˼һһϰ壡
  һ̶ɲһεĴζһЩɲϽܵǱ߿˿
һ߰ʮˢˢĳߵʱŵȶˣ
ζʿˮ÷⡭˺ö˰
Ͻɡ
ϵ˵ʱҪܹ㵽ʲôطȥأ  ׿˵û£ǲҶ֣
Ҷ֣⡭ôܡؽ̵Ȱ㻹ǸϽɣʱˣҵžˡ
Ǻǣе㵣Ѿ˵齻죡׳
˸磬˵͸죬ͱϹ˰ϿԼĸ绹ҪܣҲҡҡͷ
ãؽƵĺܣһ˿ľ
ܿ죬һƵĽŲڹ治ϵ
飡
žһ󼱴ٵŭ֮  ϼҵǷţľʵ֡
ζײΡΡ˵ǡô죿÷仰Ǹƴˡ
׿źζЦŵڣ˽լ϶ǵǸģ
ۣ
ͺζһԵؽܶѪˣ  һҲ̫ܺ˰ɣЩ˻ʶԼĴ󣿼ֱϹ  ǵǸ˵λû𣿡ؽɫһף˿ҲŵĲ˰  Լ÷򲻻ڰΰɣ  ̹˸ʲôˣؽʵ̫ˣں޲һ˼ʧźء
һԵĺζҲЩʼЩ˸ûеɽһǽ鱨÷򡭡
׿źζˣŰɣҲܶĵǰɣ
ԭ׻ĴʰһСӣɵǸͷ֮˵ʱһЦˣ  Եְ  ЩʱǷǳС  ôҲû뵽ϸոռ̹ˣ쾹ȻָԼˡ
ڴһԼʱı鰡




1436¾Ĺ磿
 

ϼҵ⣡  ӣŶоǳˣ
һԵӸҲòȥĸ첲ӦѾǾ˼򵥵Ĵ
ֻȥƺҲǷǳңƺԼƣһݺݵĿſڣ
̹˸磬һң翴̹Ҳһʹ飡
డ
ÿһζȥ۸ˣ˸۸أ۸ôóܹ裿  ڸоԼⱲӶûܵ裡  ԼļʮˣӲıһ˸סˣԼ˸ˡ
ԺôCԺô죿  Ҳ˵ЩԼݶôţ˵оˡ
˵㰢ǳϢ˰һСܶڲƽҪ㲻Ǻųƺܴ𣿡
̹˿ǰԼУҲһƣ
۸λ֮ǰ߳һЩһֺ¶ݵٲˡ
죬ֲһΣֻһǼţˡ
۸Ĵм¹ƺ£ǶǸ˼ӵİ
˵ʲôͷڻ˵̹֪ѾǱصˡ
һǲܵ  Ҳҿ飬ûж֣ĻԺ춼첻ȥˡ
翴̹˵̹˸磬һҪұ𰡣ҰⱲӻûܹ裬ֻҪ̹˸ұԺ̹˸ˣ
ߣԼǰֵأʮ˱һ˸ˣ㻹ǳϢ
̹ſڣһεĿʼѵ˰  һҲ̫ˣ֪˭Ҳ֪һΪʲôᱻ
̹˸磬ҼҲǸһĶְӦ䣬ررĴ󰡣
һ̰ǻһ˵ҪȻԵǺûã  ̹˿ŹӵˣȻˣȻһ˵һ˵ˣֻǽǮǻ˵ҪаŮʲôģǿɱ̹ǰûик
ҵ̹˸簡Ϊ۸ˣһֱѭصİһ֪ģСǷһʮҾǮѣû뵽Ȼˡ
۾ʼ˵Ϲˣ۸غֵܴͷ
аŮлƶĶ֮Ķǻ϶ǲմȾġ
۸ʵǿᣬSCʡܶĹ̰ʲôĶģǲȱǮ  ̹˸ղ˵ЩаŮ۸ǽˡ
Ȼûǰôϣɶ۸и߲˵⻹һǳĽɣ  ǰ̹˸磬˵ǻǮ˵Ϣ˲ϸȻͶˡ
һԵ빲ˣ
̹˳Ұҿ
ǣ̹˸磡
̹ļҲӦǣǿʼſڵķŷ  ţѾǱˣ  ζǰˣҲǳǸʲô֪Ƿ𣿡
ߣ̸Ҹ㣬ҵֵܲҪߣǻ񣡡
̹˿źζΪ˾֮ǰֵˣ
̹˸磬һСӶ̵֣
ߣ̹Ҳǲˣ˭ˣҾͰ˭̹˳
˭ǾǸЦ˵ˣҲ̫޳ˣȻ˵ұһ£۸᲻ֵͷ𣿾ӣ
ζʵӲ󣬿ɽԼȻһˣ  ЩɷˣȻܹԴǵĸţǰǸ޷ģ
ģ̹˲ûֱӲתͷŰʵ
̵̹˸磬Сں߰˵ҿ𣿡
Ҹˣ̣Ůӻ𣿡
ʱؽߵ˺ζԱߣİŭһ
ҲǻȥˣѾˣǸҲҪһ£  ǸǷǮˣ̹˿ؽʵ
ңֻʮŹȥһ꣬ͱһʮˣ˵һ£˾ͲҪˣϹˣһ
ؽŭһ
ؽܣСӱһؽܺߣҲ
Űɣ
̹˿ؽܺͺζ˵
ΪʲôҪţ뿪ҪȻǾͱˣζ
ǾƲԳԷư̹˸ˣǾȻţĲ˰ƲȻ̹˵̹˸磬ǲ氡ҡҸǵɫ
̹˳ȥɣ
ǽɣ
ζؽЩŵĿЩˣʱ洫׵




1437¿˵̹˸
 

ͦϤ
̹˸о˵ЩϤһʱ  ˵ˣôҲΪ׻ֵطɣ
Ҫ֪˼ҿţƵ˰  ĵط˻˼ҿϼŵϰ尡  ҪǮжǮ֣  ̹֪˼Ҳʶ¹ƣƾ˼ݣҲܹˡ
Ǯ˲£Ǯһ̶ǾͷǳĿˣ  ζ׵Ļԥһ£ҲǽŸ  ֱһѽζؽƿȻ̹˵̹˸磬롭
ǣְͦ˭ҵֵܣ
̹΢΢ɨһۣϵʱˣ  Ŀ˳ϵķһεĳԱ߿˹ȥϤһӳ
ʲôʲô  ԼĵôôȻһεף
˿зǧֻڶжôˣ
̹˸磬
̳׵ķָ˹ȥ˵Щϲ˷ĸоһҪЦ
ֻƺûЦóһԵؽܺͺζѾŵò˵ˣ  Ū̹˸硭
һԵӸҲǼæƺ޲ȥŪԼзϵǸˣ
أ
ֱ̹һȭһԴӵϾк˹ȥ
¡һ  ֮ǰ׳ԷĲ棬Ūķѣ
һԵĹ羪δĿ̹ˣЩ͵˵̹˸磬㡭ʲô
ˣ  ڸоԼ۶߸ˣʵ̫˰
û뵽̹˸羹Ȼ׵ֱһȭǸԭѾ˵ָһ١
һʵ̫ͻȻͻȻЩ˸ûзӦĹ  㣬
ָ̹ŰƺܹѰˣ  ̹˸磬ҡҡɫҰףڽŵĶվˡ
⵽ôһ°һƬ  ģûУ̹ŭһȻһѾŰͷֱӳǽײ˹ȥ  飡
һͷײǽ𣬰ĶͷϺܿһӣѪס
ؽܺͺζ˿ĿɿڴʵǸ㲻⵽ʲô  ̹˸ͷؽҲ˵ģǿCĵһ簡
£϶Ǳˣû뵽ⱨûбֱӰѰһεĸˡ
Ҫǣ̹˸һ仰û˵ֱӿɣ  ؽܺͺζһۣǴӶԷпľȦĸо
ǣ۸һ˵ȿ̹˵ΪҲǸоĪ
ʱ̹˸绹˵ҪﰢţϾ۸ֵܣ
ڰӾȻֱһεıĲʡˣǵԺҲһƬɣ
ԲԲ𣬶ҵĴҵĴֶ
˸оһʱֱ̹ܵ׵ĸǰ
˿̹˼޳ˣ  ׿̹˸˵ǻԵǺǣ£
ǡǵģֶҹϣðֶ̹˿һε˵
ð𣿡׳
ǣţѰӸҴ
̹һһľսֶҪǷĻ²ܹܵġ
˵ڵĵ֮ҪǸԼ޶ȵĵǸ
Ϊʲô֮ǰ򰢹ӣʵڴµ˵ڸֶ
Ҳ֪ԶԶģ  ̹̹˸硭
ӶˣĿˣ  ж᲻ᵯһǵǵĴˡ
Ǹ㲻Ҳ벻һеΪʲô  ԭΪһ̹˸ˣǿԸǱˣֱߣһ٣  £
̹ŭһƺѾڱıԵˡ
ͨ
˱İ˵£ӿȥҲ൱Ŀ
ֶǸԼȶ⣬ȵֶΪֹ̹Цһ
һžܿĴ˹Ȼ֪ô£ǰѾ֪һԼߵˡ
Ҵˣֶ֪ˡ
ϵԼƺѾЩ͵һĺ£һԵҲѧ
ǸоԼƺһһľ
ײδ˵ôŰӵӣ˴Լʮӵʱ䣬Żվʵ˵ҴǷһʮ򣿡
ǡǷģǷġɥ  ˣ˸ϽҹԺ˭Ҫڸ̤Ű벽Ը
ЦһȻףɱϾ׽磬Ҳ̫춯ء
žһε飬һԺû˸۸ˣ
̹һ׵Ļһѣľ׼뿪  š
׼뿪֮ʣһεͣԭΪѾ˵̹ˣһĽп಻




1438̹˵
 

ؼң
˿ǰһУоһĻ㱣ƺЩ̫ʵˣ
ղһΪ׿϶Ҫùˣû뵽Ȼһ  ؽܺͺζǣס۾ƺǰһУ  ֮ǰ˵û׼ǸǾ̫˼ˣ
漣ƺôˣ  Ǹ̹˵ļһǸˣֵǸֱδţ
ҪǱ˵¶һˡ
ؽİһͬʱһεĿףһﵽʲôͷ
̹˸羹Ȼôıϥ
Ҫ֪̹˸ǵȻһĴڣؽҲ֪̹˸۸ᵱеλǳߣ
ôһˣȻǸˣҸоˣ
ؽܲףҪ֪Լ÷򵽵ôţĴڣ
Ϊʲôţ̹˸羹ȻҲһ㣬ֻм۸мŻİɣ
ֺͺƺûеô죬ȻҲǣҲľ
ֺͺǼ׷ǳţʱģ֮ǰǼ飬иҪ쵼ˡ
𾪵ǣ˼иĶǻǳĿ  ̹˴˿һ壬֪ͻȻ֮ͣסҪʲô  Ҳĭֶʲô飿˵һȥ֮һҷźֶģСұ֤ǰ²
һ仰Ӽͬʱǰһڣȥˣ
ʵǲ۸ļҷǵϵôһ  ˵飬۸ܹȻǵ淨ҲԤȴҲܹ۸ᡭ
׵ҲҪΪ̹ˣʵǳ¹Ƶӣ  ҪǣҪִ󣡣
̹΢΢һЦŵֶʲôܹΪЧ͵İһĶ⣬һ⣡
ҺΪһ飬ؽҴӡָָһԵؽܵ
̹˸硭
ؽ̹ܿˣҲһĭϾȴУǽŵġ
Ҫ֪ؽ֮ǰһС죬̹˵ĺܶҲֻ˵ѡ
ڿˣ˵Ǽٵġ
ȻѾڻ콭ˣɱϾ֮ǰһֱȦˡ
ȦмȻǲԾˡ
ǣԭֶĴ˸磬˵ֶֻҪϴ󿪸ڣҲǸһİɣڵλøӣҸо˰
̹һƨ˦˹ΪҪ˽Լչء
̹˵ֱ׾ٵ飡
΢΢ҡͷ㲻ҪԭҾ͸һᣡ
ֶֻܷԸֻҪ̹ܹģҾԲһüͷ̹˴˵
׿һһԵɩӣ
ң
һȦĿף˵ʵղҲǽŵĲˡ
Ͼ˼ΪԼϹڱҪǳ⣬ܹȥ  ֻ֪ΪʲôһɵˣͻȻԼ
׵ͷȻ̹˵һһɩӵĵ绰ֻһҪ㣡
ɩãҵƬ
ֱ̹ͳԼƬͷλǺܶģȥûһ˰ٵģ
ллﶼ֪Ӧø˵ɶˡ
׿һؽܣȻ̹˵Ҹܼ򵥣ҲڵʱҿסһԺҲϣڿ콭ˡ
úúãֶģұ֤Ժ󲻻ˣ̵̹
һȻɩӣֻҪؽԺκβعصĵط㲻ңϰæң
ɩģֻҪһ绰̹˳
ؽŸʵû뵽׾ȻһԼԼ
ƫƫȴΪΪ̹ˣ˵̹˵ĻҲ  ؽ̹ܿҲ̵̹˸磬ҡԺ󲻻ڻˣ
ˣɣװڰ֣ʾ̹˿뿪ˣ  ̹ҲͷҲصĳ漲۶ȥֶһ٣
Լ̫ˣԼˣֶû׷ԼΣԺһҪúõĿؽܣ
ֶ񰡣  һԵĺζͻףҲĴָ÷򣬷ˣ׷ˣ
һҴ˿תһģһλص˻Ц֮У  ֻ˶׵̬ȣ֮ǰ̫̫ˡ
Ҳ֪ϵİ֮ȻҪϾ׵Ҳһ̡
뿪ߣȥҲԼİ˸ˣ




1439ϼΣ
 

״뿪CУǰԼϼQУ  һ˵İţĻǷǳĺõģɽׯûκεĺ֮ǡ
԰ĵĸ뿪ˣʵҲ֪ԼԼ֮󣬺ڻSCʡˡ
QУأ
ĿǰϻױƷĹһֱڲϵģϻױƷͶصGDPʵķԾ
߼ܡ١·ɻڲϵĽ赱Уһոµıؼڷɣ
һУʵϾ׸Լһֻر
ϻױƷֱṩĹ˾ҵλһ࣬ӵĴס޵ȷľҵǲ
ǮˣӲбͷ
˵һ֮׵ĸı˱ԭQΪò
ıѾΪQеһųƬ  ϻױƷҲһĹڷչ  ׽ϰԼļУȻԼĸĸ棡
ѾǿʼŽϸڣʱ䣬е϶ѾǶˡ
88ţ  ״ӣӻдҵʱ䡣
Щ飬׵ǲôģȻˣΪԼ׽ΨһһεĻҲҪʲôź  Ҳǽ绰շᣬٰ£  һ׵Ļ񣬸ӵֵڴʱQп¶Ҫ䶯ˡ
ֻڵ׻Ҫȥ죡  µʱ䣬㹻ܹȥѰɪˣһҲԲɸӣ
˵ǰ黹Ҫץˣ  ǰ˵ûиоʱô졣
ԴĪ̵˷֮ȸԽԽǿˣ֮ǰһ㿪ʼ
ʱ뵽BŮڰӹһֱЧӦòǺܺã
ȥǱ߿һϼڵǸʲô  ǱߵˣʱֱӴӰӹȥѰɪ䡣
ϼ壡  Դһ׹֮Ѿȥܳʱˡ
ʱBBԵЩˣ϶ѾЪˣ  ˿̣ϼ´ڣBüͷϷҲһƬ֮ɫ  峤ˣڵ᧿Σ̫һڳˡ
˵ǱBΪ峤챪ҲBұˣ  Bĸ񱻹Ѻϼĵ֮Уһж峤ƿôġ
ΪľǱȫBϼĵλ  Bϼ˵һˣվ˻ˣ
̫ѾǶңȻǻ֪׷ʲô飬˵B峤֮󣬺ܶ˼  ̫ڣǼֱ޳ܣB
챪B峤ˣҾôǻҪӳ鰡Ȼϼǵһ壬̫ǰʲôǰ
̫ڲһֱһΪҪְBʵ
ǰγ˺Χ֮ƣʵһеıӼġ峤˵ĸ̩ķ˿ɾӼҵĴС㰡һǾǽ̫ڳֵġ
챪ɫҲ൱ѿ֮ǰЩС˵ֵһᣡ  ̫ڳˣĵҲˣ
Bͷ壬̫ѲΪ˳Ϊм䣿Ҫһͳ簡
̫ҰһֱܴӼôļ壬ϼܹλмһҲǺܼɵģ̫ڵĳ֣Ӧú峤˵뷨һҪ硭
챪ɫһһԵĳԺҲƵƵͷ
峤ˣҵͬ챪峤̫ڿ϶Ҫ̲ϼ尡
ǰ峤ˣ̫һ֣ƾͱһߵҪֹɾ˰
̫ڸϼãҾǿɸȥ̸һ̸ЩܸģȻҲܹ
ǰ̫ڣʱʰӼҲٰ峤ˣ
µЩ϶׷׷Լһ㼸һµġ
Ǿǲܹ̫ڿսΪǸ̫ڵĶ֣
B˳λͣ
峤ˣϼ̫ϳƿѾûټ˼ڵĻһ񡭡
һλЩ̾˵ʵ벻ʲô취ܹԿӹһţ
̫ڵͷʵ̫ˣǰһֱôĵ͵û̫˵ע⡣
һεĳ֣ȴúܶ¿ʼʶ͵ǿˣ  峤ˣսͣǴҪģڱҪ׵ǣڵҪʲô
챪
̫ڽͣ޿ܣ
B̬ȼΪǿӲ
һ֮ˣ˿кȻ뵽һˣף  Լһﲻ׵ĳΪ˷ޣ֮ҲûмһƺԼˡ




1440̫ʹ
 

ϼ壡
Bɫ쳣أû뵽ԼżĹ򣬾˵ս  ţʱҪڵĻͿԽˣ
ΪBҲһΪҪǿˣ  B˵üȻԼϼ壬ôҪػԼļ壡  һͺ׹ĻԼһôû  ⲻBҪĽΣգ޿ȥף
峤ˣϼ弴㾡ȫ֮Ҳ̫ڵĶְ
ǰΪһţ̫ڿλ̫ϳ򰡣
ֹˣ̫һֱԾӣǸɵȴǵһŵ飬κ鲻ǵͷеġ
峤ĸ̫ΪеĻʱϼΣӰ
һBǿӲ̬ȣ˶סˣû뵽BȻ˵ľ
˵ֻк̸̫УΨһĿԣ  챪BӣҲǳ峤ˣҾλϵĻЩģûκεʱ̫ڶԿǡ
ʲôBʵ
챪BҡλǰæɼҲзյİҾá
Ӧø̸̫𣿡Bʵ
챪̾һȻܱõİ취
̫ϼ˳أBһ챪ʵ
챪΢΢ҡͷ̫Ӧò˰ɣ
챪δ֮ʣ
⣬һϼεӼҴҵĳ˹  ʲôûпڿ𣿹أ
챪һȻ˲ֱͨӳǵ´˽Ҳŭһ
Bڰֵ޷ʲôôɫæ
ð峤˺͸λϣ峤˽ֻǼ̫ڵ˳֡
˿챪ӣҲŵͨһ£  ɫǳĻţһСֱӱ峤նɱˡ
طǳBĻҲ΢΢һ
ĵطȻҪġ
챪ƺҲǱ˵ĻˣŴ˳̫ڵˣʲôˣ
˵̫ڵһλ峤Ҿ١
˿챪СĻصϼǰδеΣ鶼ôá
ʱҪǨŭԼĻǻùˣ  ̫ڵĸҾ٣Ǽһһλ徳ڵǿ߰ʲô챪ʵ
峤ˣĪǴ˹̸еģ̫Ȼ֣ҿǶҼ廹ЩɵģӦǹǽ͵ģ
һԵһλҲǿBԼ
B˵ҿɲǸʲôģƺûйϵɣϼĻǾҪƿҲô׵İɣ
BΨһʵ
ڴǾ׸ģ֮ǰҲ˵һǹƲ˵ġ
մ򲻹ЩˣʱǶǵͷڹ£  Bˣɹ˿أûʲôµġ
Ψһ뷨ǼоŽϼˣܹʱ˶Կ
ֻ̫ھȻ˹ʵЩ벻ͨ
챪峤ˣ֮ǰ̫ڶһѾַüˣֻ֮ǰܽУһξȻˣȻ̣ȴҲհҪȻǻȡ
˼ǿ̫ҪʲôB챪ʵ
챪ͷǰϼ屻ΧѾˣ⻤ƲˣҵҲһֱɣ
BͷߣǺðɣҵҪ̫ڵҪʲô
ţ
챪һBĻҲǳ
ղǰ̶챪£Ȼڣ
峤̫ʹҾٹɣֻܷһ˽κ˶ܴ챪
ȥBϼΣʱϣλӦͬ飡λܹڵƣҪ־Լ磡

ӦǣB峤˭˼  ´֮ϣBΣĿͶԶ
˿һ̫ڷεϼ´
˲Ǳˣ̫ڵĸҾ٣
һιΪнBģ




1441BǿӲ
 

Ҿ٣̫ڸ
ԭһ̫ڴٽϼ壬κε谭  ϼ峤ƿţΣ  ̫ܹ֮ΪӵһţȻǿʵ
̫֮ǰһֱԾӣǲκ飡
ֻǰŻ߼壬һʲôҪͣģǻҲ̫ڣ
Ľ͵춨̫糬Ȼĵλ  ̫ϲȴô룬ҰԼ󣬶Ҹոյ̫һʱ䣬ȻҪһɼġ
ȻˣϲҲǷǳ̵ܹģһֱȴŻᣡ
û뵽ᾹȻôͻȻ缸һҹ֮ͻ䣡  ϼ崫Ϣ峤峤ȻŮһʵ˵ǷǳһŮˣ
ϢϲһͷˮɽӼ϶ʮ弯ַϼ壡  ϲпϲȴĻû뵽ôĳԼǰ  ̫һʼԵͣ룬ܿӼҾʹһ£  ϼƺѾǰ϶飬ϼڷƮҡһûᣡ
һϼûˣ̫ڵǸһʱǺܿͻΪ䣡  ϲҲϣʱܹһͳӹ磡
ϾֻԴ䷽ܹԣҲֻܹ֤̫ڳʢ˥  ǽϼ࣬һʼĽս֮⣬֮ϼͷڹһ˼棡
ϲŭ̫ڼӼһĶʮ壬ϼ嶼òµĻǶ˶ǧ֮ˣ  ϲԲ鷢һǼˣ  Ҿ٣ϲİ£ϼ׼չ̸У  ϼ´
Ҿ߽ȥ֮B¶һ˿Ȼɫϼε峤B
ݵ񣡣θ峤Ȼ˵Ŀ챪һ
챪챪û뵽㾹ȻǸ峤о˰ҾЦһ
BҾٵθ˼ϼʲôʱֵ̫ڲˣǲһֱڿҲαӶѣ
峤Ȼʲô˵̫ҲССģҾͬЦ
θϼΪˣƤĹĻǻûпմˣͿͣ
BҾκεӣһ۸˶۸Լſڣֺαرϥأ  ƽʱĻĻҾٿͿ  ѾΪϼĳˣ
Ȼ˵սնʹҪǱƼ˵Ļ˭֪˭ܹʲôأ
Ҿɫһ䣬ԭԼĵ϶ϼġ
ӦҲڵȴŸԼ̸еĻᣡ
û뵽BȻ˵Ĳʶ̧٣һջ
ƽϢһԼŭȻ峤Ƿϲ֮ǰ̸һЩ飡
л˵˵ϽߣBЦһʱ̫ˣҿɲܹ֤ܹ߳ϼ壡
ߣĽ峤֮ˣϣԸϼǿǿϡҾٺٺһЦ
˵һ㡭BɫѾѿ˼㣡  Ҿǌ峤ϣ峤¼Ժ峤Ϊ̫ڵˣǿٹⰡ
ƨ
챪ԭΪҾٹΪȰѣܹ⣡
ʵ̫ĸûκε壬Ψݷȵʱ  Ҫϼ嶼û˵ĻԺô찡
û뵽ҾһȻֱ峤˼޸ϲֱǿЦ  ̸˫սڼƽʱĻϼҲ˰
ϼ峤ȻҪ̫ڵţֱϼ嵱ױ
BһŭȻܹȵסҾ΢΢һ̾θҸоðԭֻΪ̫޳ܣû뵽ǾȻô޳ܣ
峤ǌ˵ˣֻҪӦˣʱϼм䣬û֮һ
ҾٳҲ֪BӦĿԲ  һһεĿôΣյBòӦ
B챪챪壬˴Բѣɱˣ
ң
Ҿû뵽BȻ·ƣҲɫһ䣡  Ǻǣ챪壬ųȥ˵ҾͶϼ壡
Bһо֮ƣһԵҾٲһһģŮ̫ˣ  ҪһĻ̫ھǷԼˣ  ǌ֪ԼԩģôļأΪ˱ȫ̫ڵĵλҲŹԼģ  ư
Ҿٵɴ۾BһЩֲ




1442ܣ
 

Ҿɫֱ䣡  ʵû뵽ԼȻһ  ⻰û˵꣬ѾǱϼҪնɱ  ⻹  Ҿ˵ֻлŲܹԼ̫ϵٹ⣬ű˽ɱΣգ
㡭Ͳ±ҿ̫ڵĸ
Ҿ˵ʱ˫һ֪ˣ
ҺθɣԼģԹñˣBһƬ䣡
Ҿвʵ˵챪ľܣôһʵŮˣѲĸԸ𣿡
󵨣峤
챪ŭһʵȻҲ֪ʵΪĵ
BȻʵһ㣬˼ұλʵǿĶܰ
챪ҶģΪҶǸ  Ȼ˵ĻΪϼˣһ˿ϻҪסİɣ  챪㻹һĹĹðɣҵҪ˭ܹɱңһ뿪ʱȻϼųն
Ҿٴ˿ƶȻһ䣬Ҳ֪ϼ岢ǺǵĴڣ
ҾסBһ̣ѾǱΧס  ɱ
BûκεһҪͳԼҲܷŹˣ  ԼⱲҲǻĺܾˣǰԼнĻԻأ  ޺  Ҫľʣѣ  ʵϣԴӸ֮BԼķ׵Щӽɱϣ
֮УΪ֮һ䣡
һҾٵķ򲻶ϵĹȥԭҾҪɱһѪ·
֣Լܿ챻ܧûڳսĺ֮У  ȻˣȻû龳ĸ֣ô徳ǿߣҲܵİ
ݣ
챪ĽѾǴҾٵؿڴʺѪ͸Ҿٵ  ֧  ҾٵӥһĿˣûа취ȥ϶ǳΪϼĽˣ
ݣ
ԥ֮ʣǵصĽһεϯ
֮УĽҾƺΣ  峤ˣҪɱһһϼ̫ǿɾ޷˰
챪ôʱBһֱû˵ƺĵҪնɱҾ٣ҲǷBʵ
Ѿزûлͷ·ˣҴӦ˴˵Ҫϼ廹оҪѪУҲ̫Сϼˣ
BҧҧֻʧһЩ̸еĿԣ  Ѿʧʧˣ޸ϲ  ˵ģҪ֪ĻϼͲˡ
˵ˣһѾ׵߽ģôأ  ðɣһˣ챪Ҳ̾һŽͳ˳ȥ  ԶҾٵоȻһ˿Ŀ־壡  ϼˣ˾һֻ˵ͻȺǵĸо
ţܣ
Ҿ̲סˣŶBһŭ
ܣʲôܣ
B֪һﵽʲôҾҲǵʵ
峤ȻܣȻ֮ͥ˵ɣҾ˵壬B
B˿챪һԵ챪ӦòϹһΪ˱Ҳ˵أ
ãǣǲǶһʱѣûκε壡BҲͬ챪뷨  Ҿ˵ûʲôأ
ܣֶκ˵ǳ˺ĵģBȻҲ⣡  Ҫһܹ˵ʲôϷˣԼʱֻĸң
´챪컢λ峤ҽȺ򣡡
BҲǽһܣ֪ȻԽԽˡ
BҾٵĶ֣챪컢һԿԼҲǷǳбҪģ  ´  BһοҾٵʱһɵ˵ɣ
峤ܣһ˵ǿľǱ̫ˡҾٲδֱ˵ǿB
ߣ㲻˵Ǹ˵лţ˵̫ڲɸ˵ܵĻǵʱȻĵķ㣬ԸҴ¡
BҾٳ
ҾٿBô峤Ļأ
Ǻǣƺڱѡɣ峤ĿǺ޵ģٲǿ˵Ļᶼûˣ
BһԵ챪컢Ȼ΢΢һ壡  챪컢Լķ˹ҾҲһ˵˵




1443˵Ϣ
 

ҾٵĻɹϼע⣡  ̫ڵܣ
BȤҪϸҾپ  ȻһҪܱھɲˣ  Bţһ̰֮ͱѡˣ  ҾٵӣBЦһ˵ɡ
Ҿ̾һ̫ڰǰۣܻ֮һλ˵ߣ
ۣ֮ǲ׻Ƶĵؽ˵Ҿ٣Ҳܣ
챪и̲ѣһΪ˻һĵ߶û
ܻһλ׻ƵߣһҲ˼˵ֱǸЦ
ʲôؾ֮ģܹΪһܣܻһˣһѺ̫ڣⲻǳô
BҲüͷ㲻ҪǣҪ˵ܰɣ
ѲǲҪ֪˭𣿡
ҾٿBûκεȤһҲЩˡ
BҾʲôӣҪĻǿݹˣ
ᣡǵ׻ĳܣҾٳ
ĵƣ  ᣿
BһֵʱҲһ㶣Ȼû뵽Ȼˣ  Ȼˣ˶ɽٷǵ׻ǿ֮һôأҾ٣ȷûƭˣ
챪һ֣Ҳ˾  Ҫ֪Ǵ˵еû뵽Ȼ̫ڹѺֱ˲Ű
ǧȷҾٳʵҲ֮˵ģѾȷϹˡᵽڻѺ̫ڵ֮У
㵱С𣿺ߣ̫ڻ׻ƳֵĶ֣ѺЦ
һԵ컢Цһţ  Ҿٿ˼æ˵Ķģ̫ڶϢΪһ׻Ƶ֪ĻµʱͻΪҰ縲ĵˣ
̫ڹȻǵӺܴ󰡣׻λߣһȷĻҿҲһⰡ
BȻҲ֪ԣһʼûΪһʲôܣ  ڿȷһˣ
һ̫ڻҷܣ  峤һ˵Ӧ֪ҵĳ˰ɣֻϣ峤ܹسŵҾЩĿB
Ȼسŵطסһʱ䡭
Bԭǲ׹ģͬΪ׻Ƶĳǿߣ  ׿϶Ȥģ׹˳һ鷳
峤㡭㡭
ҾٻΪBҪڣĻ˵ˡ
BЦһΪԼŶҪˣʸ̸ΪޣΪ⣬ҵĻһܹ֤һʱ䣬
㡭
Ҿٵؿסˣ  ȷB˵ΪޣԼ⣡  ʲôҵƴأǻŵĲ
ҾٵĿѾǴﵽˣֻ֪һ̫֪ĻҲ·ˣ
BٴҾ٣챪컢λ壬Ҿǰ
峤ˣڿȥ˰ǾҪϵǰ¶û˰
챪γûأǰʵǿᣬһϼΣ˵ȫˣĸǰĺܶ࣡  ֻһеĶ;Ѿǳ׵ıˣҪȥ¶ˣ  ҲǰҿҾٵǿԡBҾٳ
һܻȥĻ¡컢
̫ڣΪǰ£ܹȥ𣿡BЦһ
䣡  Bԥ֮ʣһ޴ǵĶУ  B̧׿ȥ̫ڻ̫ǵ̸ʹ߻ûгȥȻһεķ˽ѲǲǶնɱҾ𣿡
Ǻǣ峤ˣһССĸǵҰȣʲôأ̫̫ϳϵУҾٲһп޵Ӷѣ
챪мĿһҾٳ
ҾɫҰףʱ̫ڶ֣˾ҪԼˣ  һ󣡣
Bವһ¾ʧԭأ컢챪Ҳʧ  Ҿٶһվ´Щն
һ޻·ľ氡̫ڵʵѲɲ֪
ϼվǻᱻ̫ڸ˵ģڸоԼΨһĻ·̫ɱBԱߵˣ  ôܾͽԶԼĶ棡
һ뵽ߣԺ֮кȻһ󵨵뷨һƣʱǾǴݹ࣬һˣ




1444¾B
 

ϼ壬˿ٴһ㣡  Ϊ⻤Ƽ̣˭Ҳ֪һ̻ʲôӣ  ϼ˵̫ںӼһԼĶʮǿΧ  ˵ģǼٵģ  Ͼһپһļ壡
ʱһ̫ڴɱ䣬Щ˿һģ  B˿Ͼ˼Ѿ˵Ҿ٣ѾǷ˻ˡ
ǰһ裡
BôҲû뵽İ˸ػλѾҾٶһ
Ļһλ徳ڵĳأҲΪһڣ  Ҿٿ̫ںӼ֮˲ϵڹŻҲǻ  ոʵ̫ˣҪȫһ
峤ˣ̫ھ͸һ㣬ʼսˣ챪
ôBʵ
ĿǰΪֹģǼˣ챪ѵ¶һ˿ЦݵڹһӦҲ֪Ѷ˵İɣ
λһЩϼϣȫ˳ϵ˰B
İɣ峤ˣҿ⻤ҪֱӹƣԼûУǰ⻤ʵ̫ǿ˰챪Цŵ
һԵ컢Ҳ̾һǰţʵǿᣡҪܹڵĻ˿϶Ҳûкùӳԡ
ţֻҵ޷ϵǰ峤Ϊǰķˣûʲôϵʽ챪ڴĿBʵ
ûУ
Bҡҡͷʲôϵʽ  ֻ֮ǰ˵һԼʲôΣյĻܹϹBҲûе  á
챪Ҫ˵ʱȻһɳĽλرλĳϱɱȥ
Ҿ٣쵰
BһҲǸӦˣɼڸӦˣҲѾǳ׵ˣ
ôҲû뵽ҾپȻʱƻϼĻ
һڲƵĻ˵˲ͻᱻƣ
˸λǿȱһɰ  ҶҪһʬΣ챪ҧ˵
һƺѾˣҾٵĽѾֱλ֧Ŵĳ϶ȥ
Bоǣλϴ˿̸ڲ  ȥɣ
һŭǵѾǽλϸסˣ  Ѫɣ
һǿ˲λΪɢ
ǳϡ
BĿᣬЩ΢΢Ĳ־Ѿǰסӣ
ţ  ǻ·ǱӲ˺ѿһӣҲΪ󹥻Ŀ꣡  ֮ϣ߲ʰ쵵ϵɢ
ӵĹǵֱ  λϼϼѾ֮ʣʿɱ裡Ըսߣϣ
BὣҲǳ˳ȥ컢챪Ҳʵʵİסˣ
ϼΧƺƵĴƺϼΧˮйͨ
Ϊ֮ˣȻ̫ϲӼ峤̫ʣ
θϼ壬ͷ
ϲҾ˵ӣȻӲϼ˺һӣҲпϲ
˵ʵԼ˶û뵽չ˳  лˣˣǷǵûдӦ㣬ԲŶˡҾٳ
Ҿ٣Сˣ̫ڣȻ
BŭɶкһʺĻ棡
ⲻθļıѣôܱ̫ڶͶҪϼأ峤ᣬȻĺܰš
ϲBĨһ˿ɱ
䣬ϼǰǵʤǰ
̫ʿϲ̵ϣʱBͶΪһв  ֻˣŲв
ϲ΢΢ͷϼ嵹ʩŭԹϲնħλһ֮ͬҰһǬɱ
һǵصɱBûü˵ҾٵĻѾǻսһ𣡣
λ峤ͽɣų಻ǿԸˣϲB¶һ˿аЦ
һԵҾٳˣŮˮ䲻˰
ţǱɱˡϲһ  ˿̣һ貵ķɽѾǳϲУʶѾסB
һɫĽԼϮB˲һ˿ͷ
̫ǿˣ  ǵصһֱһ̲˽ǿߵǶôǿ

һ˲䣬BԺĻֻһǾףı۾ˣס




1445ǿƾ
 

һɽԶ  ƺÿһ֣ѹȸоǿһ֣
챪BһߣҲǱŭһֱһƿB  ǵ챪ķ  챪塭
Bг˾ŭ֮ɫû뵽Լһ̣Ȼȣ
ϣ֮٣  챪һ̣ȴһ޷飡
ȻǱͳȫ㣬ͳͳҪϲЦ
ĿֻһǾǳΪ䣬Ҫ̫ڳΪΨһ  һңôĿǽʵʵһ󲽣
챪۾յĹԲŭһҸƴˣ
䣡
ĽѾ챪ֻ˲δ챪
ǵನ˼챪֮⣬ûκε˺
Ҫ֪챪Ҳ徳ڵǿߣನȻǿȴҲ  һﾹȻӲˌȻû£
ļٵİ챪Ѳϼĸ𣿡
һΪһ϶Ǳ⡭޷Ͱ
ɲզΣʵǷ˼ǌɫҲס˰
һƱ˿ǰľ󳹵׵ľˣǶ֪׷ʲô飿  ϲҲǵɴ۾ǰһУҲĨһ˿ĺȻ֮ɫ
ղһǷˮ׼  ϲ֪ʱҪʱЩҸԼԿ忴ʲôĺ  ֻǽʵܽܣǼһﾹȻסԼһ  ϲ־òܣղһѾǳ׵ķ˵ֿôأ
BҲһãȻĿ챪챪壬㡭
峤ˣҲ֪ô°ҡ챪ҲǸʵϵˣڻûи㶮⵽ʲô״أ
챪˵ţ͹ˣ
Ÿʲôɱ
ϲоһĶˣû뵽Լ־ڱصõһȻʧˣ
˰
ϲоԼһķ̣Ҫ棬ҪͳͳĶ  ˭ôĵӣ۸ҷ˰
һԶ᳤磬𣡣  ˭
ϲüͷһȻ챪֣ǸôԶľ뾹Ȼܹȣ
ϲĴȣB챪¶ϲ֮ɫ
׵׵
BоԼϬһͨû뵽ԼһʱȻľˣ
ôͻȻôļʱ
ҪһĻĽվ챪ļˣ
ٺ  챪˿Ҳһֽٺĸо׵ӰĴԶⲽʱ˷֮Ա
峤ˣǰ챪ɫĿB
˿̣BҲǳ˼֮ɫˣˣ  ߣװŪ
ϲԶףüͷĸˣһﵽ˭
Ϊʲôطڰ磬û˵ôﰡ
Bû°ɣ
׿BҲ¶һ˿Цʵ
BչһЦţû£˰
⵽ô£׿ʦڵӣҲЩɻʵ
BۿŶ̫ʵΪһӼҵ̫ңЩǰΧԱߵǸ˽ϲǰһ̫ڵˣ
ŶһţǺǣôʵҲҳ֮ΪһţײмЦŵ
Ǻˣ̫޹أ²Ҫͽϲף֪˵ʲôͷʱҲ˵
׿ϲ۸ҵķˣұܣǺǣ󰡣
ȻҸ˵
һ̫ڵһλϿ˵ֱӳȥҪϲĸǰһ£
ֻһ룬ϱ˵ĸǰ  ܶ˸ûп˭֣ϲҲ˼¿ˮΪһʵ̫ǿˣ
䳡ˣ
Ϊ׵ĳ֣˿˲䳡ˣ  û˸Ҷ˵һ仰˵һ仰ħͷֱӱˣ
˵УȥЩ޺ļһٲȻѾΪһħͷˣ
Ȼλ˵Ҿ˵ɣ΢΢һЦȻϲԸ˳ϼˣҼ̣Ը˳ߣ֮
Ҫ˵֮ǰ˵仰Ļûţ
ڻû˲ˣ
ֻǾƾһ仰Ҫ˳ϼ壿
ֱǿЦ  һĿ¾ϲˣҪ֪̫ǿӵλ龳ĸ֣  λ̫ϳ̫ڣղѾǷѶųȥˣ
ߣԲѣ㻹Ϊ㲻ɣΪƾһˣҪո磿Ҹ㣬ҵȳսܹ
ϲЦһһҲ̫Լˣ
ڻǲôҶ֣ΪԼǰһĶ֣
׿ϲ΢΢һЦ˲̫ϲңһ£Ҷʵж֤ҵĻȷģ
ƿС̫ΪУ·㲻ߣ㴳
ಣ  ԶӰѾǳϲߣ̫ڵĴ龳ǿ߼üһã




1446˲ɱ̫ϳ
 

ϼĸǰ
λ̫ڷε˸ֶ˼ͬʱԼʶס׵ϣ
Ȼǲ֪һﵽ˭ɸղһ˲նɱ̫ڳϵʵѾϲЩʧ룡
̫ھϼ岢Զ˵ǷǳĽ  λ̫ڵ̫ϳϹҲգ֮Ĺ
ϲС΢ϼߵʱѾǿ˺ܶܶأ
оͰһЩֵӦ  ׼õˣ  ǣ͸̫Ϊôˣ
©  ׵仰͹Գǿһ棬һԼ˶ĿɿڴĿļһ  ţʵ̫ˣ  ԵĿ̫ڵλ̫ϳϣǰһĵĳ֣
һ
̬ȾȻܹ˵İ쳣һǲǷˣ
Ȼ׸ղֶնɱ̫ڵĳϣλҲ徳ѣ
ǰλһλʵܹնɱλϣΪ棡
ֻһŵĳ̶ȣѾǳ˺ܶ˵
ߣҪ׼ˣһλ̫ϳϵ¶һ˿ɱ⣡  һԵϲ̫ϳϣϼ嵹ʩǵնɱ̫ڳڴˣֱǲ̫ڷУҿ̫ϳϳɱⲣ
ƾǣ
׵֮дһ˿˿ĲмЩȻʵȥҲǲ  ǸȣǸûʲôԱԣ  ˵Ǹղλնɱĳϣ̫ڵ̫ϳأ  һﵽ˭ȻҸǰһŵ̫ϳ˵
ǰҲ̫һɣԼЩʵǲ֪ߵغ񰡣
˭˵أһŭ̫ڵλ̫ϳϣȻῴôİɣ
СʵҲţҵĻ¶Ϻˣ
£һƬ֮  ˶ףϾλ̫ϳϸ˴ʵ̫ǿˣ
׵ԱߣBЩǵ˵ִ磬ǡ̫ڵ̫ϳϣʵǿĺܣ㡭㻹ʱâɣ
Ǽһǲ׳һԵB΢΢һЦԭһι׼ߵģڿЩ鷳Ƚڴ㵹ǸһЩˣ
䣡
׻δ䣬̫еһλü̫ϳѾһȭ
ռ֮Уһ𵴣  СġBͻı仯ŵѾס죡  ȻҲ֪ʱǲĵ  һԵ챪컢üͷ̫ڵ˻ǲҪ˵־Ͷ֣
նʽ𣡣
ЦһѾǶһ貵ķɽλü̫ϳϺɱ֮ʣ  һΪǿĽѾ׵Χɢ  ߣСӣôͣ
λü̫ϳһ׵ʽҲֿһ˿Ц
ΪӸղ׵Ĺ֮Уܲκεв  ݣ
ɣݲ  λü̫ϳϵ˲ܧû׵Ľ֮У޵ĽӰѹһİסλüϣ
ʲô⡭ôܣ
ΪҪùʱû뵽һѾǷͻ䣡
ԭϡƽĽһʱһ㣬λ̫ϳγ˽ɱ֮ƣ
üϡ
һŭ뵽˵ĶУϲƺоüϵϢ
һĴ㵣һεĿüڵķʱӶѾǿˣ
أ
һ޴ıλüΪԲģԲ֮ڼǴݲĸо  Ҫ׻ϼ֮˵Ļ¾һֱ壬ϼҲʧصģ  գ֮䣬һλ̫ڵ̫ϳϱɱ
ԭЩ漴ʧȡ֮һ𾪺ãȻ  һﵽ˭ôͣ
ǰǿ̫ڵ̫ϳϣ龳ǿ߰
̫˰ɣüһغ϶ûгסͱնɱˣ
ʵǲԸҵ۾ԸһΣ̫ˣ
ɲզΣϼ忴þ
µĿɿڴĿǰһУֲ̫ˣ
һλ̫ϳϣȻ˲ɱ˼ҿȥûþȫһ㣬һ̫ڵǰһˡ
ԭϲ˿ŵҲˣ֮ǰһҪϼ˵ľһ̸ˣ  ̫ںӼҵȼ֮ˣһҲ˳˰֮⣬û˸ڿǰһ
һվ׸ǰϼˣһüˣ  B˿׵˿ҲǱֱ䣬Ҫ֪նɱǿ̫ڵ̫ϳϰ޵һĴڰ




1447¡Č
 

ϼ壡
˿̣ϼһƬڣնɱλ̫ڵ̫ϳϣǸһģ
˸о˼ǣǿɱ  ɱһλ̫ϳϣдԸӵģ
̫ǱߣϲʿˮĨһ˿˿ĺȻ֮ɫ  һԵҾѾŵò˵ˣҪB˶ĻԻŻս֮֮󼪣
ԭƻĺúõģB챪һ˵̫ܵͲ֪ˡ
B뱻նɱһ֮ңѾ˲Ϣˣ  Ǹ֪ðˣʵ̫ǿˣ  㡭㾿ˣ
ϲɫѿ˼㣬׶ͷһ˿˿ϸӣ  һλ龳ǿߣȻһ̽ˣ
δŵ飬ƫƫͷߣ
ɱˣ
׿ϲ¶һ˿â
㡭ϲпһ£һ㾿Ǻźɣ
׻ƣֻһĿģǾǵƽһϼΪ֮ˣ
׻ܣΧЩһǵʹԴ
ܹĸҸ׶֮ˣƺҲûˣ
ԭ޵Ǽλ̫ڵ̫ϳϣҲǹԹԵվϲ
ѾںйĽӴˣ֮ǰǵλͷѣӰӶˡ
ԭ׻֮ˣǰ磬׻Ұ磬⡭Խˣ峤㰵й׻ߣΪ
ϲBŭһ·ҪͨķʽһŽˣ  ĳǰȥϲҸղ˵ҪŮˣ
ûûе£
ϲܵĲ飬һѾǱ׸Ϥˡ
ЦһǺãȻ˵ĻҸһȥĻᣡ
ߣԲѣΪ̫ڵ㲻ɣ̫ڵıվŵǧǧİߣɱһΣѲԽҰͳͳɱⰡ
ϲм˵ǴһǿߣȴҲ񹲷ߵ飡
׵ȻôϲЦŵô˵ôһᶼҪˣ
ˣ˹Ī⣬˵˵Щʲôɣ
һϲԵ
ʵϣѾǿƵʲôӵˡ
˵̫ڵȺ׻Ǳ쵼Ƕ޹ؽҪ飡  ڵĵ֮Ǳλ׻Ƶǿߣ  磬̫ڵȷǾްԼĴڣ̫׻ƵĻȻŵϺţȴһ֣  ǰˣȥһλǿߣ˱û֧ţ  ˼ôĵĹֻ˵˼ҵʮ㣡
Ĺأ
ʵֻΪЩײ׼ģĳ֣˼ҸӹĴڣ  ϲһԵ˵Ļת˿λ̫ϳϣ˼ƺѯλϵ  ׿ϲЦһǺǣԼѡȨǰɣһ
ˣƴˡ
Ҿٿϲ̽
ʵҲΪԼ˵Ļ̫ͶϼҲԻ  ҾȴУղѾ߶ˣ
̫ڵܱˣϼĻҲƻġ
ν߶ˣΨһһУǾǸϼĵף
ֻĵףȻնɱˣҾٲһ  ҪϲѡͶĻôҾٵ³ǿԤġ
ϲбۿ˿Ҿ٣ϱ⣬̫ڹΪһţȻв

׿ϲĵʱһ㣬Щ˵˵ʲô  ҿ»Ҫӳ鰡
̫ڵһλ̫ϳϴ˿Ҳǽ쳣һҪǶֵĻǿ϶׵ģ
ôã״ﵽȲΣǻûлˣ
Ҫ֮ǰǵǰ㣬һնɱ˵ûеط˵ȥ  ԣ֮кԥ  һ治Ͷһֺ´Ĵɱ䣬һһıأ
ʱһҲܲ˰
̫ϳϣôܹ־Լأ̫ڴҵɱһСӸ˵ǵıվǧǧİ߰
ϲ̫ϳϾȻЭ˼Ҳŭһ
ҪĲ룬ʱ֦ڰ  
һʼմŵЦݣ·̫ڲɱǸ£  ߣλ峤ѾҰʱ̣׻ΥĹأȻҰһ磬顭
ϲǱ߿ĶһԵ˵ţʱ˵ѾһƬȻ֮ɫ
ΪѾˡ




1448¼ϼ
 

գ
ԭεմ˿̱һ޴֮ȫţ
ǽ֮У̲Ũҵɱ⣡
նʽ
һȣǵ޵ĽӰѾǳϲĸǰȥ  ɫҰף  ϲоһǿʶסԼ޷ܣ  ڴ˿̣ǵӰҪһ㣡  ϲΪģǿĽգ֮ɱȥ
һ˲䣬ķѣΧ
ǿ󰡣һﵽ˭׻֮ƺûôһǿ߰
֪ϲᱻɱ˰ɣֲ̫ˣ
ѾûˌϢˣҹſĽָ֮ǰλ̫ϳҲǲడ
ԺϼһҶ˰
ΧЩ֮˴˿ѾʵѹҲûа취氡
һһ
̫ϳ˵Ҳ˼ôɱ
࣡  Ҿٸղһ˲ҪԼĿĻҲǱ⽣ˣ  ̫ǿˣ  Ҿٴ˿̸оԼƺҲһ֮ңˣѾʼΪʲôԼղҪƻϼĻˡ
ղһЩĻ˵ڻϼǱء
һжˣ  ϲˣҵôϢһԵλ̫ڵ̫ϳϸоԼˣ  ǣЩ˾ǲа֪λŲţ
׸ϲκεĻᣬ˵ɱǱɱˣ
Ѿһͳһ龳ǿ߻һ龳ǿ߶˵ν  ո׻磬׿Ҳʱ⣡
һμȻ˰磬ô˳ߵһҲȻˡ
̫ҲǵѪùˣƫƫף
ϲնɱϼǱߴĻ֮
ӸղΪϼҪ𣬵ϼҪһͳ׻Ƶ磬̽͹һĹ򣡣
ף˿ϼУȻһĴˣ
B״ɱķ˿Ҳʮ㣬ӣҲ¶һ˿Цݵִ֡磬иҪ㣡
ţʲô£׿Bʵ
̫йأִո̫ڵĻǱˡBЦŵ
һҲЩΪȻ
Ҳô£Ѿûʲôעˡ
BһӣҲϵѯ䣬ֻû뵽BȻ˹ӣ  ⡭λǰ֪ô
̫ڵһλ̫ϳǰȻ׵ѯʵ
ʵѾ˾̫ȻкܾˣѾǵʱˣ  Ψһĳ·Ͷϼˣ  Ȼвʣܹţ˭ԸԼĿأ  ʱλ̫ϳϵ̬ȣʵѾ˵һУ
׿̫ڵλ̫ϳ΢΢һЦϲˣ̫Ҳȱһλ
峤ţҵԸ峤Ϊ
Ǹ̫ϳϵͦԲģ⣬׿ɲҪBġ
ʵϼûжĹϵһΪ˽B뿪ġ
ΪʲôҪϼ㣬ʵһΪһͳĴҵҲΪBûκεĺ֮ǡ
ȫ飬Ϊβأ  峤аţ챪׿һԵ챪
ǰң챪ԭҲǸ̫ڵ̫ϳ뷨һ  ȻѡB϶ûˡ
̫챪ѹҲû  ׿챪Цŵ֮ǰ峤ΪBҲǿеġ̫֮λҴ
ң
챪˶ˣԼεºܣܹһλȨصλã
һԵ컢컢Ҳһ۵˵磬㻹Ͻлǰ
лǰ챪˵
׿Űڰ֣Ȼ컢⣬ϼ峤֮λ컢Σ

ոջһĽ컢һӱЩ±ˣ  ͬʱϼ弤ޱȣԼҲû뵽Ľ֡
ԭǸоϼĸڽգϼٲȻѾΪ˰һ֦㣡
ýֺͷ룬Ժϼ˳ȥǶǺ˰  ̫ڣ  ţҲѾǳΪǵ֮ˣ
׿ɲЩ˵뷨ְBҲǷǳĺġ
׿˿һԵB΢΢һЦ̫Ȼ˳˵˰ɣ
ʵҲҸո˵ģ˵̫ڵ֮УѺ׻һλƵǿߡ
B׵˿ԭûʲôȤҲ˾
Ƶ׻ߣ  ˵ʵѺǿһЩģǰ羹ȻҲѺ׻ǿߣ  ׸оЩ˼飬Ϊʵʵǲô
˭أ




1449׶˷ܵϢ
 

峤㡭㡭
̫ڵλ̫ϳϿBüͷһ
ʵҲ֪϶ǻ֪ģ̫ڶѾΪϼĸӹ  챪ֳΪ̫ڵܶȥģ
û뵽˼֮ǰѾ֪ˣλ̫ϳϸоһĲ˼飡
Ϊ֪˽̫֮һ
ᣬˣ
߳Ƶ׻ǿߣǵϣ  ʵϣǱ˽Դ̫̫ڣһֱûгɹ
ԣȻûзŬ  Ҫ֪˿ǶɽʧܱܻģֻҲ֣Ϊʲô˶ɽʧܾȻأ  ôˣBλ̫ϳϳʵ
ô֪ǹѺλλ̫ϳãȻʵ
˿̣һԵҾ˫΢΢֮ȫǺ  ˣ
Ϊ˵ȥģ̫ѾΪϼĸӹѾûκεˣ  ȻǵԼ˵ˣҾ١BҾЦһ  ͽ
λ̫ϳֱӳֶҾɱȥҾѾǱ˵֮Ѿûˣ  䣡
һֱӴ̴Ҿٵ壬漴һâҫҾٵѾǳ׵ʧǵǰ
ǣ˻Ҫˣ׿λ̫ϳЦһ
ȷȷҪǰɱΪţⲢӰǰ֪飬󣬲֪ǰǷƲ̸
λ̫ϳϳȻ֪ԽԽˡ
һ಻Ҫ鷳ǿɾͲ̫ˣ
Ҳüͷ˵˭ܹ˵Ľţ  ͷǽȥ˵ɣ˵ȫɢˡ
ˣ˵仰ʱѾɢ
ԭɽ˺ϼǰѾ壬׵վߣ֮˶Ѿûټ
ǣ⵹ʡˣǾ˵ɣ׿λ̫ϳϳ
ǰ֪û˵ˣλ̫ϳϳ
λ̫ϳϴ˻һ
ҲһˣѲǹѺ䵱ˣ

λ̫ϳȻ̫ԸʵǹѺĵȷ䵱ˣ
˾Ȼţûзɽ磿֪˺ɽ˰ɣ׳ʵ
ôҲû뵽˾Ȼ˵ǹѺˣʵЩ̫˼ˣ
ûжɽ٣ʵҲ龳ĺڰɣ
ƾ⼸÷񵰾Ҫ˸סˣ  ǲܵ飬׼һ㣡  λ̫ϳϳԵɺϰɣ˶ɽ٣ҵƻˣ
ƻˣʵ
̫ϳϻκҵ׻أǱ߾Ȼһλ龳۷ǿڶɽ٣ʱҵҲŻˡ
λ̫ϳϽľʼ渵  ԭδ̫ڵλأѰ䣬û뵽֮۾Ȼ˶ɽ٣  μ쳣ʱһλ̫ϳϸԤɽ٣Ǹ̫ϳϱڽƺɱ
ҲΪƻ˽ƣҲǱƸˣ
ǵʱڱϢĻҲᱻƺɱ
ɼˣҲѾһϢȫľѾȫѣƾǿ־֧ţ  βѰرص䣬Ǵ˻ص̫ڣ  ΪɵǿʵֻǸȴδĸƣ  ˵ô˳һ֮⣬Ѿͬһ㣡  ĵڶɽ֮ҲҲΪʲôҲ޷ָԭ  ߣǸأЦһ
ƳѾˡ
λ̫ϳƺź˵ʵϵλʵǷǳǿġ
ֻʱѾ˼ޣûκεĴˣ
кܶˣûа취ͻƣֻܹĿʱŶ  ҲΪʲôܶҪɽٷԭ򣬲ΪģΪǴ˵еĳϣ  ɼ˶֪Ƿɽܹϵģɽֻ֮Ǳ׽Щ߶һЩʱѣ
Ҫͬ٣ͬԣΨгΪ񣡣
Ȼߣˣȥˣ̣
ҲǼѣ˵δıȴΪϤǸ¾ˣ
Ϊ˵Ĵ׽Ҳ׹  Ȼ˵Ϣܲأ
һ˵ȳ̫ڵķ򼲳۶ȥ




1450
 

̫ڣ  ϼ岢Զ籾ͲַԱĵط  ׻ƵĵشﲩȣֱһСһ㣡  ˿̣׵ҲǺܼʵ֮ŵĴ˻һˣ  ǧŻҲһˣ
Ȼкܶ˽ӽɳΪһ̫ʦ֮ˣҲΨһ˶
ӢѾ˻ܹȻǷǳļˣ
׸ֱͣӸλ̫ϳϳ̫εķֱӱ߶ȥ
֮УƺֻѺһˣ  üͷʵһ˱Ѻڴˣ
һԵһλ̫ϳϳҵҲй¶˵飬׻綼Ҫըˡ
̫ϳ˵ǲģ˿νǵ׻ż  վǱߣǾǺ  Ҫ׻Ƶ֪˱ǹѺطĻǵʱ϶Ⱥ֮ˣ
һǿ׻߸ϵĻ˼һһĭ¾ܹû̫ˡ
ΪˣǲŽС΢
ټһΣرأȴֻǿһѾһϢ֮ˣ
΢Ϣ
üͷѾȱһ֮У
ԭҲҪȥȴB⣡
B֪ʱײñȥţ  ֮Уס޷
Ҳ˵ɢȥˣǵ龳۷ˣҪƿҲҪһЩʱġ
磬ЩȻǵļ̶̳ȴĿ࣡
⺮ʵϾ꺮ӲȺԶѰĲϿԱġ
ҲΪˣ꺮ļ۸ҲǾӸ߲£
ǿ꺮Ҳܹ֮Ѱٵõ
֪̫ڶ˵ġӡ̶жôĸˣ  ˣ
̽ԵʵϾûпˣȻǰϻݹ  ǱϾǵӣʵȫһ£
һײ˻̧ͷ˿ףʶڣ  ׻ߣ
ͨ׵Ϣ϶ܹжϳ׵  ˣһεʵ
벻أΪҪ̫ڵ߹أ
ֻ΢΢һ̾ȥȻûκֵ˼
ΪѾΪ̫ڵ߹ľȻ
Ҿ㵽ǲˣ׻伶ﰡ΢΢һЦ
ƽȮۣ΢΢һ̾ҲĳԼݣ
ˣ
׶ŭһ
ǰ£
һ˲䣬֮ǰλ̫ڵ̫ϳѾǳ׵ĸǰҲһѣ  򿪣׳
ǣǰλ̫ϳϹ
˿һε¶ЦݵҲ÷Ѿ˼ˣҵ̫ǾԲܸЩߵġȻҲ뽫̫󣬲ı죡ˣȰ㻹ʡʡɡ
ˣѲͲ𣿡׿ʵ
λξ壿꣬ѾǹˣȻżźȴ
˿Ц˿⿪ƺҲһɣ
Ҫ֪꺮Ϊĳأ˵ȴѾһϢԼеľо꺮ˡ
Ϊ˻ҪЩ˵裬һֱһ  ǾǽԼ̫ܹ󣬻ܹôãҲΪһΪᶨ  ɽٷ֮ˣһǴǻۡߣ
꺮ôܹѹأ
˵ĺã֮ѣ׳˵ѾǶС
˱Ͼ龳ǿߣöСǿԿƵġ
ֻ׽Сݸ˵ʱȴ˸ܾˣ
׵ȻҲ֪ҵҩʲôĿģҷȥ֮ҲЧ΢ѣȫѶϣҲأˣŵҩ䲻ǾȴҲǼֵǵģҷãЩ˷ˣ
ˣľ͵һЩ취ģΪûľ͵ҲҪ̼һ£СȴҲܹã׳
㾿ˣΪΰңΪγڰӵ̫ڣ
˿ףüͷʵ
Ȼ׵ɣоЩͷԣΪ֮ǰѾǳ׵ķˣ
ϣˣˣ




1451¿˸һ
 

̫ڵ֮У
ԭλ˽⿪λ̫ϳһε˳ȥ
˵ȻѾǳ׵Ĺ˳׺ϼ壬ôȻҲҪԼλã
Īǿߣ龳ǿҲΪΣ
ҲƲѣղųȥǸ̫ϳҲʶġ
̫ڣһ˵λһ̫ϳˡ
ɾһˣȻһ׻Ƶ߹мӣһ֣  о˼ǣǰһﾹȻó˵ҩ׼Լ
˵а취Լľȫָĵа취  һеĻǼٵģ
ģôΪʲôҪôأ
ڵһͷˮһСܾˣ  ֮Ĳޣ  թ磬Ͻôϵأ
ˣ׻ƾ̫幬ֵһֱ֣ӽּɣ
׶ˣ˵ʵǷǳصģ
һ棬ڵΨһ뷨ǾˣȻܹ˸ԼǾ͸ˣ  ˺ɵĿ˿ףȻ΢΢ҡͷ¾иĿģ
ˣûκεĿģΪ˾㣡Цŵ
ǣΪΪֺαزҴأ˿Ҫҵֻ̫ܺźĸ㣬޿ܣ
ԭǵҪĹɲأĳ˻˵Ϊʲô̫ڣΪ̫ѾҸˣ
ҲǸһˣҪȻʵ޷˰
˶ԼĵʵЩ̫һЩܾƵĻôҲûκεİ취ˡ
ոˣ´ˣ˿׳ʵ
⵹ûУֻҪһͳѣ練׻ҲȽϵĽ˳ոһ£
˵赭дӶˡ
һͳ磿ǺǣĿǲСЩ֮Աǵ˵
ʵϣͲܣ
ĳһžǿҲ绰ȨȽϵĸһЩ  Ҫһͳ磿ֱǳ˵ΰ
ǰСӴţĹĽ
˲ҲǿģѾҵĽ³װȻ˵
ʲô˵ģ
ῴףһޱŵҲЩˣ  Ѳһ˵ģһͳ磿  òܰĸһ㾭ζս˿ĺܵġ
ôһëͷСӣȻ˵һͳ磿  ˶ԼʶǷǳŵģЩ׵Ļ  Ϊһ徳ڵʵԼָͷ¾ܹѹˣ  ΢΢һЦǧȷʹһݿɽ̻ʣѾʽڣ
ݿɽ̻ʣѾ𣿡˺ɵʵ
˵УԿԸоóѾǴһĨ𾪵ɫˡ
ֻʵǽܲһʵܾЩԾ
ǣݿʥŮȷǱڽ̲Լ̵ֻ̣Ĳ÷¡Ϊһ˽͵͵ĽݿʥŮѺˣ
׿ʼ˽飬һϤֲϵӿ˵ĶУ  ˵ʵкܶ˵֣ǵ궫ĸ߲һǾԲ֪ġ
̫幬ƺҲû˵ҵ˵һ칬̫幬ǶŰɣ
˿ףϣ׿Ըһ϶Ļش
ҪС׻ߣȻҲɣֻ״ʲôɸ˵Ŀģ
׿˵ˣľѾˣȻⲻҪģҪĵˡڵֻ𣬲δķˡǲȰˣ
㵱ҪƣͲ¸ƺˣɱ㣿˳
ǣһеȾ˵ɣҲ˵ĺܡǵ˵ֵ٣ȻԼϢĻѾ֮ˡҲЩˣȻ˭ɽٶֲ
ҲݸһЦ˵ʵҲȷ̫һЩ  ɽپȻܹģ˾ǿ˸ĵһˡ
ῴ˿΢΢һ̾Ϸ㣬ֻ״ҽȵﳽ֣ϣҲһ
ﳽѾնɱˣ΢΢һЦ
ʲôﳽǸϼһﾹȻնɱˣҲǵɴ۾ס
׿Ҳһε˵ˣһξ֮󣬵һ𣬲ʲô֪𣿵ʱʻĳһ֪޲޲
ã׻䣬ᵽʱȻ񣡷ˡ
Ҳǹ֣ʾѾ׼ˡ
׵ľһҲĿʼˣֻȴ벻һȾ죡




1452¼̫幬
 

֮󣡣  ׵ɫѾһĲҰ֮ɫ
˵ľѾص޷ĵزײϵȫľ
ÿһ޸ٶʵǱȽϵΪ˵ľѾǴﵽһֵ  Ϊ龳۷ǿߣԭӦǶɽٷģ
ֻΪʵЩ̫ˣԲűӡ
ȻˣеǣҲǵһɽټûзҲûй˵ߣ  νǹĵһˣ  ֻһ˵ͷʵЩƣ  ʱ䣬˵ĸĳͨ˿ڵҲʼתˡ
Ϊʵ̫أֻܹɵǿ޸
һΪḶ́׽岻ϵ޸Ҫָԭȵˮ׼ٻҪʱ䣡
Ҳ龳ڵʵ  ȻˣѾõĽˣףľͷϵˡ
⸣У
Ҳ
ĨһѶͷϵĺ飬˿˶һѵĸо
ϵĵҩǷǳĳģһȥĿСȶסڵ
ֻش
˿̿ȵԭȻһҪ޵ĸо  ôˣһεվ۷֮ϣȻɽٷһξ룬ĸоˣ
ʵϣôֵ̫ĿԣôҲû뵽һԼָܹ糣
װڰֵˣܿҵĻ˰ɣ
ǺǣȻŲɣ֮ǰе˹ֵ
ˣһǰ̫幬Σ׿Цʵ
ã
ҲôȥˣһֱѺҲϣص׻ȥһ
Դȥ֮䵱Ѿǲ£
䵱Ŷ㲻ϣΪһˣ䵱Ϊʵĳţ  ̫幬  ״Bصţ
δ飬絹Ҳ˲ٵı仯̤׻أҲǸпǧ
΢΢һЦž̫幬´˹ȥ  ľ̫幬ѾΪֿȵţֻ̫幬ûʽĶˣԺܶ˶Ϊڴ
ִ硭
û뵽ԼһȻϣ
Ϻھ̫幬һʱ䣬ƺ׽ҲΪǣң
֪Ѿһ磬֮ǰǸǳ׵ĸˡ
ȻвᣬȴҲûκεİ취
ĵҲǲǺǣ׿Ҳ΢΢һЦ
һԵպͽСҲվ׵ĸǰ˿պͽСһ̾˵⡭λǡ
λҷˣС壬ͽܣЦŵ
ͽܣȻ˵ĵزǺŰ֮Դһ˿֮ɫ
Ҫ֪С嵱겻ǽľˮķϲѣ˵ܹ  ѾǹΪ龳ڵǿߣôܹ˲أ
ǺǣʵҲǼƷ֮һֻһ˲֪ѣЦŵ
⡭λǡ˿գг˾֮ɫ  β  ôҲû뵽ǰεŮȻǾβһǿߣ  ֪ģ龳ڵǿߣһϹＶˡ
ǰѾǵ߸󣡣  ˣ㲢Ҿ̫幬֮ˣЩʵǲ˵׵Ļ֮⣬  ΢΢һЦᲢһīسɹ֮ˣҪҼ̫幬Ҳûпܣ
᣿һ𾪣ʵ䵱Ǹ᣿˰
Ͽӣݵ񣡡
үүЩƵĿϣҲϹ˵ˡ
΢΢ֵҵȣַ˵ĻҲ޷
΢΢һЦˣ˲˵ĳ˵ҲҪһ֮
˿ֱ˵ˣһУδ֣Ǿ̫幬սʤ֮ĳ˼̫幬Ȼǲڻˣ
ҲԼĽȻҽȺʵǿᣡ  ȴҲܹԼһսûлָ۷ˮ׼
Ե֣ȴʵ
ʵĽǶΪɵһʦȻҲԸΪŵһԱ  ԼȣҪķʽף
ȻպͽСͬΪ龳ڣʵЩˣ  ãˣ˵ģ׹һЦ
ȻѲʲôֲɣҵҪʶʶˡҲЦ  Ȼ˿ˣǱΪ̫幬ȻԴֽһˣ
׵ĻߣȴһԵĿɿڴ




1453ͬŵ
 

̫幬´֮ϣ
׵Ļһ㶣漴Ҳ΢ЦҡҡͷϷţҽ᲻㣬ǡ
δ˵꣬˵̬Ѿǰˣ
ȻУ׸Ķֵġ
ԼʵνǷǳţνǴ޵֡
徳ڣ  ʵôܸԼᲢأ
ˣ㣿
Ļո˵꣬ʱֳ˼ˣῴҲЦ  üλѼͬʱ֣һֻصȥĸо
Բݳл͡ˮˢˢĳ
ԲˮȻûһԲˮʱҲЦ
ˣ궫սҵȱȴδɱȣҲǲе˰
Բ΢΢ֵôҲû뵽һǿߣȴվǵĸǰ
ˮҲǵˣҿ˵ѾǴﵽ龳۷ʵôȥôʱ䶼ûзأ
ݳлҲǵͷǰǿɶ˵Ѿɽ˰⵽ô°
һʼ˵׻ˣҲǳ´ķ˹
û뵽һʱ򣬾Ȼʧ˰ˣһľ棡
Ҫ֪˿Ѿﵽ龳۷ˮ׼ȥˣȻûз  ʵЩϳĸо
΢΢һЦ˵ҸԲˮľЩ֮ġ
˿ʼԼ飬ñһһ㶵ģ
̾һ紫ô꣬һǵһ˵ܹûжɽٵ£Ȼܹŵģ̫ţˣ
ǰˣడˮҲĴָ
һ˵żһοԼż˷ǼӾЩ˼飡  ׿˵˸ղ˵ˣ˭Ҫսʤ£
˵ĲѾӦսˣ⵹û뵽飡Ҳ¶һ˿Цݵ
ˣʵȺҲСһЩŶԲţһǿǿԻˡ
˵˭ʤ˭Ƕֵġ
ҪܹǵӪ֮еĻǿ绢
ɲһλţܹԴɵ
֪ھ̫幬ļֵжôľ޴
Ҳ֪ȻǰģֻóϷʱܹΪã
ˣһļ˾̫幬ҲǾȻᱳѵģ
ϹŵҲϷţһ徳ڵˣôҵĶأǶҲҵĶ֣
徳ݳл͵ӿֳһĨֵɫ
ҲǸоǳΪҲ͸׵ʲôʵ
ҪʲôʵǱʲôʵ
Ҫ˽׵ĻҲˡ
ѵǣ᲻Լĸ֪д󣬿֪׵أ
ʲôʵһǲ֪˷龳ڵǿ߶ܹɱġ
ݳлͿҲεʼ磬˼㱻ƭˣ
ŶҲǲźöϷˣɱһλ龳ڵǿߣȴҲʲô¡
˵һԵ˸оƣ  ˵ⷬһԵԲһ࣡
Ƕڽ׸һԾǸӵڴˡ
ǵӡ֮УһֱôţǸûмʧܵӣ
Ϊˣһȶøӵп㣡  ˣʵǿˣ֮ŵˣ  עҪˣ  ׿ЦŵҲոջָʵ½һЩҲŻһϣҪǷڵĻϣãˣ
ϣãҲǳ׵ˡ
Լһŵˣû뵽һﾹȻԼҪţ
ѲһΪڵʵܹսʤȫʢʱڵԼҲ̫ܺ˰
׹һЦˣ֮ңܹҾ̫幬֮ҪȻǾͿʼɣ
㵽ֹҲǳȵһЦ
Ȼţȴһڴ  һԼͬţҪ½Смˢӣ  ֻǶ˵û뵽Լ䣡
֯һ˲䣬һâսѾȼ




1454ǿìܣ
 

̫幬ɽĳ
ⷽԲĵط˶ѾǱ˳ȥݳл͵֮ǰ´ˣ˲֪ｫһ֮ս
Ȼˣ̫幬ĵӸӲ֪׻һѾ˾̫幬
˿̣Ҫ׼׽һԶıȶ
Ӯˣػ䵱̫ˣ
ˣ˾̫幬ʱɽ磬ɾͲһԼ
Ӯֲֻͬѣ
Ӯˣɽ˻һε׵ˡ
ֻ׾ãһûᣡ
ҲҪϵĻԼս飬ȻˣҲҪһԼܲսʤλ˵еǿߣ  Լ˵֮ң  ˵ӮôоҪ䰡ǿ׻Ƶĵһ˰
ǳ־Լ簡֣ɹҾӮȻˣҲлᣡ
У˵Ҳǰ˵ȻʵȺԵıϾǵĵһˣ龳۷ǿ߰
ǰ˵ʵ½ɾ龳ڵĻҲһΪѲĶְֻ˵ʤ忪ɣ
ЩȻһ֧׵ģҲûκ˸˵Ӯˣ
οԵĻǵĵһأ
ʵΪ׵Ļһˣ⻰һתȫ֧˵ˣ
ǵУһ޵еĴڣ
׻磬˭ᵽ˲쳣أ  սʱ˾˵ñչУЩлɳã
˵ʱڵĻҲûЩʲôˡ
죡  ׺˷ֱվɽ֮ϣֶ  ʼɡ
˿Ҳû̫Ļ΢΢һƣȴǵһվǱߣ
Ϊĵһ֣ƺѾǸ߳һ  ׿Цŵ˹Ȼһʦ緶ȳ֣
Ȼо֮Ҳ֮е顭
⻰Ǹ˵һԵЩҲЩĿ࣬Ȼ˸˵ԼУ  ׿˵Уһӣ
Ȼʢ˵ȴҲʮ㰡Ĩһ˿죡
ʵϣΪ֣Ȼ˵һӣ  ֱǳĲԼ°ǾˣҲְİ  ˣаɣ
Ҳ֪ǿ߶սЩͨʽûжٵô  ãֱǿɱУ  ˣǱǰˣ
Ͼ龳ڵĲΣỹоϵĲġ
ֻ࣬նʽֲˣ  ֮УһֵӰһɽģ
Ǳɽʵһ㣡  һɻصѹɢĻ꣡
ǿʶ
ԭһĨζѾʧȡ֮һأ  ΧֻʣһΧ֮˳صĺѹȸһִĸо
ѹ֣
ռ֮гҵֱײ
նʽֻ֮
ݣ
׵ԭǱɽѾʧʧı׵壡  еǱɽΪһ壡  һ׹׹һĳ˵ķ򼲳۶ȥ  ĽŰֻ֮ɫ
һһף  ԭĽž˵ľԽԽƲϵţ·Ҫռűһ㣡  ̫ǿˣҸоҽǽ֮оͻ˲䱻鰡
ʲôǰûмùĺǿ
ǿ˵ɫˣλʲôֶƵ˶˰
⡭ڵɶʵ̫ˣ
ΧЩˣ˿̿ų˲Ϣı仯Ǿˣ
ƺҪ֪һ̵׻ᷢʲô  ˿ҲһƬķȻ֪һеʲô  ֪Լղʵ̫ˣ  ǰһУѾоһϢָܹоˣǵһˣ  ֲ˼ܹӵ˵ĳɾͣԭǿ  ˿̵ҲҪһ׵ĸУ  ˫ڿռлһԲһ޵İͼѾǳ˵Χ
ǡˣ̫
ƽǿѧ֮һ̫ľ֮ڣҲ޷ƽĳ๦
ǣҴ򲻹㣬ȴԺ㣡  һ̣ì̵Ķܣ




1455
 

̫ˣνǶķ
˴̫νǿɣ  䵱ҲǺ켫һʱֻԴ뿪֮󣬾Щձɽĸо  ̫ȻҲҪ츳ģ츳׿֮ˣҲǷǳĺ
䵱ûһҪԭǵֻ̫ǰ벿֣  ǰ벿ֵ̫ҪԷΪ
ĺ̫ĺ벿֣̫߱ǿĹ
ֻڹ˵̫Ҫص㻹Ƿǿ
˵һ˼Ҫƿ˵ķҲǷǳѵһ飡  ҲΪˣ˾ײԼĶ֣ƿԼ̫̫ܣ
ɵ׵նʽʽֻ֮ʩչ֮һƺŸı仯
˵Ķͷ֮ϣһӴѹоЩ
Ҫ֪龳ǿߣҪʶĻûܹ
ֻں񲢷ô£׵ѹƺѹ֮ƣ
䣡
ìVS̵Ķܣ
ƿ˵ķ赲׵Ĺ  ʮֵڴ
˵ԣ޴ĽѾǰסˣ  ˿˵Ǳ̫ʩչķŰס
ţ׵ȽķѵǷǳİ磬ֻҪֵסĹܹ֮ˣ
ǲ  һѵ˵ĶУ
ʱһγ˵ĸǰȥʱȴǰǵԲε֮ǽƺѿһ϶  ϶ԽԽ󣬶ֻ֮Ľ͸֮ǽѾǳ˵ǰϮɱȥ
  ôܣ
һԼķȻƣɴ۾ǰһУƺڻЩܲʵ  ȻڼҪ˵һ˲䣬ƺС˺ܶ࣡
Ľ˵Ϊģɢ˵󲻶ϵĽظѣ  ã
еķɽѾʧֳ΢΢׵
ȻӢ۳갡ɽӡƣ̾磡
һҲ¶һ˿ЦʵҲ֪Լմȥһ䡣
ɽһѾĲˣ  ԼΪֵ̫סֻ֮֮ĹջǱƷˣ  ҪΪʱ̸ı˽Ĺ켣ĻѾˡ
֮ǰΪ׾ȻƿķһѾ޻˵  ˣǱˣ
˲һ䲻֮ˣֻЩ֣ΪʲôһʵȻ֮ǿ
ʵ˵֮ҲЩԥ֪Ϊʲôôȴ᲻䵱  ˵ʵӮǿԵõԼҪģֻҪѡˣ
ˣɹƿ˵ķһˣ  Դ̫̾Ϊֹ
ⲢǴ֮ԣնʽǿɽ繦
Լ龳ڵʹãȹҲ൱ˡ
ƾԼĹȻֵܹסɽ繦Ĺ˲ĳɾˡ
Ժɽ磬ǵʱǾһ
˵㻰ԺǾ̫幬ӣˣ
˵Ҳ֮ˣԭԼȣ  񿴵ʵȻҲܹԼ۷˵ҲǲԿ
ҪǲΪ׵Ļνǿ˸һλ龳۷ǿ߿ˡ
ˬ죬ĳȴҲƴˣ΢΢һЦһԵϡ
ˣкηԸ˿ɫҲһļ
̫幬Խǿ󣬶˵ǾԽ
ЦŵȥΪҾ̫幬λڳϣ
Ҳ¶Цݵ
̫幬ʵȷǺǿЦŵ
һԵЦŵλڳʵȷ쳣ǿᣬԲϺˮ֮⣬лһλӦʶģڵ׹׳ϣ
ҲЩƵһﲻһֱôᡭ
˵ˡҲЦŵ
׿Цŵˣ棬ȻѾΪҾ̫幬֮ˣЩҲͲҴˣڶˣҴһǽȥ
ˣ棿
˾Ǵ˼Ѫһ˷ܵĿʵ
Ҫ֪㣬ѾΪǵ֮أ˵һʱ䣬Ѿ˷ˡ
ǻּ  ɽٷǿ֮ǰ붼һ鰡  ˼ӣҲЩƵʵʲô




1456𾪵
 

ˣһؾĺö
һᲢ֪ҲֺǺǵ˵
˵ʵСʱѾʵĵһˡ
ֻΪûټ˶һЩˡ
һοˣһܹ˵ĸǰ԰һ£ȷѵõĻᣡ  һԵҲЦŵ֪˵Ѿλǿ߷ɽˣ
˷⡭ôܣ
ЩĿĿǰˣҪ֪Դȵѷ
ôһλɽ֮أ
ģ׵Ҳǲǫ飬һԵպͽСЦŵһ֮ǰͣĲΡ
һǰѾ龳ˣ⡭ܣ
оԼҪˣоԼ˸ˡ
ҪΪ׵ʵôǿȥȤûˡ
ӣҲǾ̫ܰ
տҲݸһЦˣҷ˵ģȷĺܡư꣬治һѣ
ꣿһꣿ⡭⾹ȻܹŤתʱ䣿
һΣ˵Ӷˣδţ
һʱ䣬һڳڵСӣֱӳΪ龳ڵǿߣֱ˸о̾
飬ǳ
׶׹΢΢һЦ
ಣ  ӰѾǳ׵ĸǰһԵ鿴Ҳ΢΢һЦųϣӭӭ
λǣῴͻȻֵˣҲǸоһľ档
һԵ׹ҿᣬȻѾȡ׹ң׹ҵһ˿仹ŵġ
ǰᣬ׻粻  ɵĳǿߣ  ǿߣ׹ҵһϧĸо΢΢һЦˣΥ˰
׳ϱ׷ɱᣬҾȻͬһţֻǸ֮̾氡Цŵ
׹ҵҲν˵˷â¶вڣΧɱҲ֮е飡Ҳ
ŶҸЩͬĸоɱҵҪܶˣİֲٰ
ῴҲЦŵ
һԵ׹ҿЦŵλ鳤ϣҲʦܣʵɲ֮Ŷ
⡭ļٵİоˡ
ղ׵ȷǿޱߣǰСPȻʵҲԼ֮£
һҪײǽĳ嶯гĪľ֮ɫ
ĶһЩʲô˰  ôоȥأ֮ǰһֱʵ֮ǰԶ׹ңȻһֿĸо  һ˸ԼĸоǾ˵˵Σϵֹˣ
лԳдд裬ʦҪ˵ʲôɣ΢΢һЦֵȻ֮Ҳǲòˡ
׿˵һεҴλУϣλܹУ
ô棿Щ㵵ʵ
һɻ֮ʣȻѾתһ˲һռ֮У
⡭طŨƺûκεϵüͷʵ
ЦŵˣΪԺ˻֪жٵˣ
ðɣֻռƺ֪ͷüʵ
Ȼô˵ɣռٿһϵ԰˵
ΪȻĽģ  һϵ𾪵ѾЩľˣƽԼ飬ҪԼܡ
ÿһ˵Ļһ𾪲ѣ  ˣλڴаɣռܲҲ˵Уھ̫幬ʱ˴ãģ
Ҳ֪ЩѾǲܹˣ  Ѿ˷ڶ֮ȻҲҪĹȥˣ  ɽѾԼҲƺе飡
ֻҪȵˣôһоͶ˵ˡ
˵ͷǣѾѾˣĽ뵽˴ҲĪļ  ΪǲǾʹܹɽٷ
λ֮ǰҵõϢĳƺϹߵżȥ̽һڴ˺úмɡ׿˵
ῴЩɻʵ˵ģĪǴ⣿
⣿
׿ᣬû뵽˾Ȼ֪һЩʲô
˵Ļһӱ㹴׵Ȥ




1457а
 

̫幬
׿гЩɻ  ˵ͼʶ֪һЩ˲֪Ҳˡ
ֻոᵽƬ˾ȻѾ֪ˣûϵ
ˣ˵ǡЩ鲻Խʵ
ːź΢΢׵ҲµûĻеƬӦþǴ˵е⣬ǵط֪ˣΪ̫а
аüͷһ˸һ󾫹ʵôа
˵ʵ⵽Ϊʲô֣Ҳ֪֪Ǹطа粻ûȥ̽ʧ֮ȴǳĶ࣬˺֪طԽԽˡ
˳ʵԼҲıԵǻƺܸоЩף  ԥջǷ̽⣡
ֻǵһ˵Ǹطʱһӱ㷴Ӧ˹
ν⻹治ְŻЩЦŵ
һԵ鲻м˵ааȥһͲˣطѵǣ
ֳϣҷȰһ䣬ɲĵطĳλǰ˵ǵطȥ֮Ҳû˳
ῴ鲻мӣ
΢΢Ц˲ңа򱶵ĵط
ῴӣ¶һ˿м  һﻹܴţ
һֱĽɴڣû뵽һﾹȻԲѵ˵Ļ
֪˵ǿɶǴʵ  Ҫ֪ɽһССܹģ
յĵطɽҲСƶѣ
ο磬ʵƵķǳȻܳɽˮ׼
ЩɽǿߣһǼˣ
˵ôаǵлҲСƣ
׿ı飬Ҳ֪ǴţЩʱ̨ܹ˵
ֻܹԲˣһҪȥģ˾Σգǿأ߻䵱ȥһ
⡭ѾһεˣȻҲֻȷǹĪ⣬Ȱ㻹Ҫ˼
Щĳ˵Щðֵõġ
Щῴðղһֵõ飡  һΣðƺͲֵã
ΪȥˣҲòӦıʲôģδ֪ΣգܹȻҪܵĺã  һԵ˿ô˵Ȼ֪ʲô⣬ҲǸоΣա
׵ִ磬Ҿ˵ĶԵġǧ嶯ǵطŶоǸʲôõطء
뷨ֻһǾ׿ɲܹ°
ҲһȰοϾ˶÷ǳΣգΣյĳ̶ȿ֪ˡ
ֻѾ˵ˣѾȽУҸȥȥͻأİɣûµģ
鿴ҲЦŵǰλô˻ʲôٺ١
ῴʵľˣ
˻ǲ˽ңȻطôа˺أ֪˲ȥһˣǹôصĵط
׹һЦЦдŵһ޾ţ
ͷȻ˵Ļһ⣬ʵҲһֱиźһ¶İ
Ȼˣҵһͬ׳
ῴ׵ڷϲһطë̹˹ǵطͨΨһص㣡
ţ⾹Ȼ½ؽ룿⡭Щ̫ܰɣʵ
һЦ֪˰ɣȻ֮Уë̹˹ĺȴһΪεĴֻҵܹΧ
󣿲ֱӽ룿ɻʵ
΢΢ҡͷȻҲ֪ʲôԭ򣬵ǵطϢǱεģܶ˾Լ̽鵽ĵط⣬ʵˣ
⵹˰׹һЦŵһֻһ㣬ܹͶӰʽ֮ĵطϢģƺһ
׳ϹȻǼʶǷҲڻԵɺ֮²֪ģ΢΢һЦ
׵ͷǿë̹˹ҪȥҲҪǱץϹ⴫׽磿
ʵҪ˶þӦҵˣΪë̹˹󣡣
Ǻãнʱһǳģ׳
˿̣һ˵ӰѾʧ׵ĸǰǳ֮⼲۶ȥ




1458
 

ë̹˹ϷһСң
һĹҿνǷǳĻңսҸڴļ֪
ë̹˹ȴźܶ˵ͶҲһιȺʯȣ  Եһҹ鷢
ڶԽߣ  ë̹˹ΪĲЩһۿ͵Ĺȣ
׳ߵʱȴҲû̫Ŀע⡣
Ψһ뷨ҵͨĴ󣬴˿վë̹˹ĸۿ֮ǰʶϵɨΧÿһأ  ԼжϾǴӦþ뺣߲ǺԶϾں
ǷǳļʱģҵĻӰʱ򻨷ѵʱ䶼֪Ҫж٣
˵˵ǰһ飡
ˣ˧˰
һվǱһۿͣҺ֣ÿһ澹ȻźǹʵĹӶǻš
Ҳֻë̹˹ĵطŻʢˣ
׳˵ķ˹ȥһΪŮԲʱģţȹȥǳഺ⣡  ֻŮط˸оһͻأ  ׿ǸŮ˵׻ˣ
İ簡ǸŮһС  ׿ǸŮƺϾ׻˰ɣ
ѽ˰ЩʵȤĺܣģǸŮû˵
ΪʲôЩɻʵ
Ȼˣط˵ϴأɴ̼ˡŮһĽ˵ϣܹЩ浶ǹĴһ
ûɣ
װһŮŮȥӦǵڣҪȻôð뷨أѲǺӹ˲ɣ
ӲأҸ㣬Сšϴ󵨡ǸŮ˵
׿Ů㵨ٴӵҲ۾
ף˻ְڹڵĻЩӬҾ͸Ҫ绰ôֶʰ
ŮײסĳԶȥƺעҲЩˡ
ЩʱŮ˾ԽԽ
ɵ㲻עʱòþˣ  ׿һŮ˼߻£ҪѰ̼ĻӦһȺ־ͬϵˡ
㻹ǲǸ˰Ůû˵֪һнܹݣǲǹװҵעҸ㣬ɹˣҽţ׻ƾǡ
£ҲȰøϽȥطɲεεĴŮĵطһЩץȥ
Ҳûн˵˼ѾǲԶˣ  ſ׶ŵ㻹ûиʲôأҪȻ绰ǲطԽ߰
޿ɷ棡
˵ͳǰ˹ȥŮʵЩ
źúõӲȻܵһսҵĹѰ̼û¡
ڵȷһЩˣûȤרһЩطѰ̼
ⲻ֪ܶΪ涼ڷ˲ʡĵ֣
ë̹˹ĵطһµĻʱ򼴱˼Ҫȣ¶ûʲô취  װ᣿һεĶţһᣬֱ׵ĸǰ
üͷ֪֪ûò
֪֪ǲǹԽˣҪǵĻܴܲһ𰡣ڴĿʵ
û˵ʲôʱܶܲˣ
ţš
׸ո˵껰ʱһȥͬǶ׵Ӵżǹʵ˾ͳŵķ˹ȥ  Ӷ
׳ļһ֪ЩŵĹ׳ǹӶ  Ѧ㺰ԩذſˣЩƣ
ǸѦӵСţ˰һ˾͸˭
ѣ
ֱԼĸ첲һԵ׵
׿ŵûĳ鿪˸첲˼Ҳʶ
ʶߣС˵ʶǾʶ㣬㾹Ȼһ죿
ѦļһƺЩɵȱĸоҲǲסҡͷ
Ѧҵ鲻ܣҪڲĻԺ󶼲ˣЩŭ
Сţҡڰ㰡
Ѧһ±ƵĿţһӲ֪˵ʲôˣӵĳתƵ׵ϡ
䣡
ԶһըʮŸۿڵķ򼲳۶һ˲䣬ۿڶʱըˣ
ܣѾˡ
ǹӶϽڻѦųֵķ򼲳۶ȥǱһסֵķε˹ȥ
ײ뿪ôҵĳ棬֣
ϾһʵЩ̫ˣ




1459µԵϴС
 

ë̹˹ĺ
׻ƵģͬʱͣڸۿϵȻû׻Ƶ˵ĵ
˿̣ڵһҲѾʼ뿪ë̹˹ĸۿڣ
ϾȻǾЩ˲Լ֣һǳأ  ǰһƺòҪˣ  ſЩǹʵȺпʼɨЩѾҲǴڴڵĴŴ
һڣǹʵɨ֮һжˣ  ɫɷף  ſԶϵµˣҲһܵÿ찡
Сţ֪жôΣطɲʹӵĵطѦţ¶һ˿ĹУ
һԵʵҲóһӦϲŵģ  ֻСѾͷƺѦֵС̫֮ݣ
֪솪ȥģŮһ㲻ӷŶѦƺһֱ̬ȡ
ѦҲӦŵӣҲЩεʼҵģҪȻҾֱǻȥˣ
ѦĿǳĴȴΪȻ˵Һȥӻ˰ɣһû湻أ
ðɣѦεҡҡͷȻ׵㵽˭
ǣˣӲקģ㻹˭û˵
ιôװҲиȺòãҿľˣղҪקߵĻڿ㡭
ſףԼھ׵ľˣ  ֻƺ飬ŵҺûҰɣ
СӣǰɣŲڰӺȥι㰡Ѧ
Ѧͻ۸ˣղſЩǹˣôȥôţأڶǵͬߺģ˰
ϵĻѦһ㣬ǸղǺˣ
Ůʿǡǣոͣë̹˹ĸۿڣһЩ⣡ûиعͨãڸλҪĶû򵽣ΪֵĴѾ鱦ӦϵˣһἴҪҴһ鱦չĻ
㲥洫һ˶ھδ״̬֮У  ˵ӦǷǳǿģΣ֮ǺܿͶ뵽һ״̬֮У  ܶ˶øղŵĳǳĴ̼һЩóֻʼ
鱦չٺ٣˵ë̹˹ʯǷǳı˵ģϧҲȥԽ𰡣һҪǸ㵽һĴʯգ
ŵΪź
һԵѦ̵СţҪʯҸˣαðΣȥŪЩֵǮأ
õõãҿɲ㣬ǼûôǮʼ磬Ȼ׵ιҾ㣬ʾʾ
ôʾЩĿţʮ˾СѾͷûжȤ  ȻҲСŮĳࡢʸ涼Ůģ
һŮʵ̫̫ˣ˵ģǣǶһһÿ  Ҫ뱾СԷ˿Ǵ廷ŵ廷أѵ
ûǮ
ֱ˵˵Էûգ  һ˼ҪѰǸ䣬ԭҪЩ˲עԼʱȻȻʧط
û뵽žȻԼһͶͱĸо  һѦɱ˵Ŀ⣬ҲһΣΪϣʵҲǱһ
СţҪԷ㰡ֶǼҵģʲôܳ԰
ѦĻ¶ʣҲû뵽Զ־ȻСӼҵġ
ֲСӶǮУȻҲһ  ûĿѦѦȷĸ㣬ҲҪͣҲ㲻ҪԤҵ˽ҾϲԷôŰ
üͷŮûۻרŸԼ°
һƣѦϲģƫƫ˵ҪԼһⲻǸѦһԼ  ԼЩʵҪûʵģñŸ
Ѧ͸һɱ˵Ŀ⣬׵СӣҪǸҸСųԷԡ
ҸԲԷҲ˵ģֻҶûȤҲûǮԷ
׿Ѧһνӣ
˿̣ѦżͬʱŭĿԲĿףϾһ仰ֱӵˣ
㡭˵һ飿ſҧгݵ˵
˵һҲģûǮԷҲûȤԷ׳
ߣƫƫҪԷСҲˣһԼԶٷû뵽ԼȻܾˡ
һɴܸȻ  ˣһȥأ˵꣬ﳤȥ  㡭Ǯ׬ǮҳԶٷǮû𣿻쵰
ֱţһŲʮӣѾ˺üˣ
ѦŵӵСţһҰѵ
ҪһҪһһƣ䣿Ҿţ
Ҳ޴ˣΨһ뷨ҪԼӵļһһƣ
ļһƺûʲô취Ҫ䣬žΨһܹһﲻˬľ䣡




1460¼
 

Զһ¥ƹ貣
˿棬Ѿǳ˼ʮװõĹ̨  ÿһ̨ڷһŻŶ䣡
ʵղŹ㲥˵Ϊֲʲô򲻵䶼Ǽٵġ
׼һУֻƫƫѾ
Ȼˣܹĺֳˣۿɶͣ  ϾһԶḷ́ҪķǿɶǼʮϰ֣  ҪûǮˣ˭أ  һ¥ڣۼٺˣһЩΪղŵľѾǻطϢˣѡ
鱦չ˵ҲǷǳġ
λЩʯǲë̹˹Ʒʼѣλÿһʯ涼һ۸ǵ׼ۣǵּǼ۸ߵã
һߵ룬ƺ⹺Ĺ
Զ  Ѧһ𣬶һֱף  СţСһʶʲôҸղŲˣϸûһ
Ѧŵ˵¶һ˿  ν˵ҾǾͦ˼ģûп˼ɱضˣղǻҵӣ˼ʮ֮һ硭
СţҡⲻΪȣϲװ
ѦɲԸԼ˲οôأ
ſѦѦΪԼǮ˲ˣ㿴˼ҿ𣿡
ңһأѦ֪ԼѾŵļƣ  Ųм˵У㣿Ҿ;˼ұǿбһҲŰǵġ
СţҪô죿Ѧ첱Ӵֵʵ
ԼϲŮ˿˵ԼˣѦ˿Ѿʧȥˡ
ʵֻҪ΢һ˶ܹóŵС˼  ѦȴȻ֪ڵһͷŭʨһ㣡  ųһأ
  һΪ򵥵ļѦȴΪԼǸˣһϲŵˣһͷ˽ȥ  ˵ʵһأҪĻԺ󲻹ˣѦ
棿׷ʵ
һԿһޣѦɵ˵
ãѦ磬ҿŶ¶һ˿Ƥݣ  ѦʱƺЩӦ˵ȴӵҪ
ŵСţأҲôӦһ°ɣ
˵Ѧ磬ɣ˼ҺѾǿǸŶ̲
Ѧһ㶣Ͻ׵ķ˹ȥ
˿̣ڶһö俴ȥʵö䲢û̫ص㣬СҲһң
˵Ǻܲ۵ˣ
ȴЩжӣΪı棬Ȼһ㵭  ˵ʲô  ˵ⶫ϶ǳڿԣĵطŻеЧ  Щǲë̹˹Ҳ˵ֻҪⶫܹڵλã
ײµûĻⶫڴĸҵģ
öǮʵ
һһλ˵¶һ˿ЦݣЩӲ׻һ𣡣
һ£ⶫ۸֮һεĿʼѯʵ
𾴵Ŀģö쫷ϿѰҵģƷʷǳĸߣһļ۸ǵ׼ۣҲֻ߲ܹõ˵
쫷Ͽȣʲôط
׸ȤĻɲʲô䣬Ҫν쫷Ͽʲôط  쫷Ͽë̹˹һٶǰγɵһϿȣǰûУʵھۿڲ̫ԶĵطӸۿڿȥҪʮӾͿԵˣ
λЩƣܶʶô  ˵ãȻѯʳо˲Ҫġ
˵ֻȥ䣬ǲܹõɣ
λ˵ֵĹ̨Ͳãһˣܲ  ˹ˣܱû˹˵Ҫǿɣ  õлл׿Цŵ
Ҫһ𣿡ЩƵʵ
˵ŵһܶɨһ۾ȥЩˣһչ֮Ļɫˣ  ܹȥˣͲ̸˾ˣ
УǾһŰɣһǰɣˢ
룬һҲν͵չһλ˵ɣ
ŵǵһ֮󣬳ȥ쫷Ͽȥһ⴫󵽵ڲط  ţҲҪʯ
λ˵׼епʱѦЩֺߡ
ſ׻ĿһףƺڸףҪ䣿룡




1461ϷˣѦ
 

ҲҪ𣿡
һѦȻҲҪ䣬ҲǼʵ
һļ۸Ȼǵ׼ۣ֪νĵ׼ʵѾ׬˲ˡ
һ׼۲ͷѣȻҲ˼Ӽ۹򣬿Ӽ۹ȴࡣ
ͷ˭Ҳɵӣ  г飬ܶͨͿõ
ʲôʲôλһ֪ˣֻë̹˹ҪڹڹҪ˲١
ͱ˵ɫһ꣬ڹڵۼҪһ
ֻҪ֮ļ۸Ϳӵ
ںܶ˵Ҳһˡ
ѦȻĹ涨Ӧ˭ļ۸߾˭ɣ
ǵģ
ȻϣһԼȥļ۸ԽԽˣΪⶫһ׼ͱòһˡ
һȥֻܹõٷ֮һɣҲһ  Ȼһ˵ҲͦˣĻᲢÿ춼еġ
һһôһͿɰٷ֮
Ҳ˵ܹõջһƶĺŮ˵Ƿǳľɱġ
׿һѦ˼𣿡
˼СѾ˵ˣ쵫ҪĶҾԲóѵġȰ㻹ǹԹԵĹȽϵĺã
Ѧף͸һ˿Ĳм
ʹСȥƺҲʲôǮˡ
֮ϣô࣬һӦΪ˵ˣ  СӴߺðˣžҪһûǮĻ
Ѧһıﵽ˼㣬Ҫ˵Ǯ˵ֻǸ֣  ſ׺һôҵ³ǺܲõŶҪҳԶٷһԼ̡
ǺǣҲˡ׿ţҲ¶һ˿ЦݣŮĺʤĻǺǿ  ıӶЩˣ׵֪ʵ𣡣
Сţ˵ˣһˣһսԶûУѦһ֣ƺг˺ܶࡣ
治֪ţ΢΢ҡͷȻһԵˢɣ
һѦǱߣһӲҽ׵Ŀˡ
׿۸ûгѲ˵ͿԲó𣿡
Ѧ磬㰡
ҲΨ²ңղ׾ʱоԼûƢˡ
ͻȻ׸ı⣬һεˣ  ʵҲĸѦСһ棬ǶһʱҲ߲ˣ  ȻҪ˵ĻԾඪһ˺ˣ
ҪˣѦһ׵Ļ̱һ۸񣡣
Ѧ磬ĴָһԵѦ˵һûзСѾ˵ˣСӳǮҶģ
ˣ˵
ȿȿȣ  Ѧ⻰ո˵һûü˳ˣһԵ˵һŵ֣
ôһ⣿Ѿﵽٱ˰  ŵҲЩˣղŻЦţת֮ͱɱ˳׵׵İǸѹˣ
ղ˵٣ҲŵЩµʵ
ΪԼĶˡ
׿Цŵ𣬸ղλѾ˵ˣҲܳǮҶġûаɣ
򣿣
ѦûһϲǼǮǳǮ
Ǯһ£ֻǸղ⺣ѾǿˣȻǲˣ
ſ˿ѦʿˮѦ磬ҿ˰ɣ
ˣΪʲôҪˣһ𣡣ѦЩ˺ѷεŭ
һɤӣ˲佫һԵĺܶ˹
ȥһһ׼һ䣿ɵȱɣ
˭˵أһ˭ǲǮûط˰ȥҲǸɵӣ
ͷǮ񾭲ǼǮҲôɣ
ֲѧĶǵļҵϰܹˣ
Χ˶Ѧָָ㣬Ͼһƣֻ˷˼  Ǹ˶
ҲҪһ໽һٶɣ
ѦǸںްʵгһ̣ԼҲͺˣ
ٶǡ
˿̣һȥʮµѦԱߣѦҲЩɻʵ
ܡѦˣҲɫ̫ÿ
ƽһֵܸˣѦĸǰҪϲֹһͷˡ
ٶղ˵Ҫٶⶫֵһ𰡣һ˸ҼõģǮҿ˰ɡƽѦ
΢΢һЦǲ򣿲ҿɾ˰
򣡣
ѦҧҧŭһѾǶˣɲСӵĸǰٶˣ




1462ٴϷˣ
 

֮У  Ѧ˿ЩڲԭΪСӿ϶֪Ѷ˵֣  ԼˣҸԼа壿  ɽƫƫһѲļһѲ˼֣
ٶ⡭
ƽƣѦƽʱҲǸӵܰ  ƺЩ̫ѦһĵѯһȻ֪ô£  ˵ٶ̫嶯ˣСҲǵģҲĳ˼֪϶㺰͵ýа
ƽѦǽ̫Ͱ
۸Ǹˣ磬ƺκ鶼ֲ
ʹһѾǸˣ
ѦĹĵ˵壬ҾСӿ϶ûǳ׼СŵĸǰᶪˣԲôģ
һǵһǰɣٶ˵ȷǲʲôַֻʽȥ Щ˸оˡ
ƽҲǱһӵĻ𣬾ȻԼĴϸٶѿ
ⲻԼķ
ǡô찡ǲ򰡣ѦҲֻдԼĶʣ  ȻҪ򣡣ô˿أѦϼŵٶ۲ΪٶӸˡǮ׬Ӷ˿¾ͺ˰
ƽǽḻˣһ˲Լľϣ
ſŻƽѦֹģҲЩεĿ˿ԶȻ׵㡭Ҽš
׿˿΢΢ҡͷС㣬㻹ʶԼĴһΪĻѾʼ˼ˣ
ʵѾ˵Ļϴ  ǲ첻ģ  һקʲôקΪԼʲô˲˰ղҪҾĻû׼ڶҲ˵أ
СţҪ˵ˣҲͻˣһСһ㿴ˣҲֵˣ
ѦС˵ҲǷǳԣˣƯҲ˵ˣʧ·ֲһ㣡
һѦ磬ҶԲ㣬һȥԺһ취ʧֲ
СţѦϼ˵ʲôأоϷһЦһʲôأ
Ѧ˿̿ȥôѣһǮ˵ĸо
ҪˣٶĿһ𣡣
ƽҲǳ
ܣ⡭ǲҪѯһϰ壿ҲЩˢˡ
Ҫ֪ϰǰλƽܿǺѣһҲʮʱˡ
ˣƽ΢΢ֱֵˢˣ
ǺðɣǼˣҲ뿪Ҫȥ쫷Ͽȿһ
˭ˣѦףлһûгء
ƽҲǿ˿ߣϷˣٶΪ߾ߣ
ϷˣǺǣƾԸɣõĲӱˣҲҪǲҿɾˣǲҶ໨һѣ
׿ŻƽˣҲǹɢһ˿Цݣ  СӾˣһҲҪˣҪҲڵĻǾ͹ֲˡ
㣿𣿺ߣţ˰Ѧŭһ
һǧ𣡣
øһϻȻѾöһ˲Ǿٶһˣ
׼ˢһ׵Ļһ£ˣ
˿׵ĻѦһûϵ  £һﾹȻϷˣԼ  ƽһСӣ֪ڸʲôŲҰӽι㣿
ι㣿ǺǣҵҪ⺣㵽ʲôζ׵˵
ȥǸǸ˰һǧһ䣿
ҹСӾǶɣôһǧأǿʲôٶٶǲɵ˰ģ
ǰû׼ɵӻڶ໨ԩǮأֵǮ
㻹˵һǸɵȱ˼Ҷ֨׼ˣѾ˼Ҹ˼һ£ڿ̵ģֿ԰
ǰƺվߣϾһֱƺǴһƣ  Χ֮˵֮Ѧؿ  ҪǻƽŵĻһŭһԵĹӶСˣ
׿Ѧ΢΢һЦ˵۳ټۣ㶼Ҷôˣ
㡭̫ˣָףӿȥˣί
׿΢΢ҡͷҹ֣⻰ǵ˵ԭ׼ҪߵģǲߣҲλײǱŴģ
㡭ҽ쵹ҪʲôǮ
Ѧһ϶ǲˣΪɲ뵱ԩͷ
ǰһϷˣԼΣҲҪһѿ
ֻҪһòǮʱеעἯеϣԼҲͰˣ




1463в׵ʯ
 

Զֵһڣ
ԭڿչ̨Щοǣ񶼰Ŀ⼯һССһϣ  ȻֻЩֵǮһ  ȴ˵Ŀ⣬Ϊԭֵһ䣬Ӳıһǧĸ߼ۣ  һҲǮһѣҲǽһһôˣ  ſѦм˵ǼһģѦ磬ǲô죡
һԵĻƽҲǵǰٶҾϴС˵ǶԵģһʶֵ
˵һһ㣡
ѦһˣԼĸ֪ԼһǧȥһЦĻ¶  ΪѦĸһˣ  Ϊ׷ĳŮˣһЩ˵УﱾļֵѾǧǸֵˣ  Ѧ׵Թ֮ɫһֱרɹԼҲʹģ  ʲô飿
һ𷢱۵ӿôΧôˣҲ˳  Ŷ˹ò𣿡ƽһЦ
˹֣
鱦չϰ壬˵ȫʯӦ֮һ
˹ָѦϼŵĺѾãԭһǲġ
Ϊ˵Ѧϼŵٶˣ˹ֵֵۿڵʱˣ  ֻ·˴죬鱦չæһӣ鱦չĻ֮ҲǼҴҵȥԷˡ
ԷôṦҲû뵽Ȼ飡
ѾԹˣܣλѦٶ˹ֿŻƽЦʵ
λѦϼŵٶѦƽ̸˹
ã˹֣
˹ʿԼ֣ȻѦ֣  ֻڵѦʵûʲô˹ִкڵעȫ׵ϣ  ҪͻȻֵСӣԼǶϵĴڣ
һЦˣԼһõѦϼŵٶһЦ  ǸԼСӣû뵽Ȼһ鶼ûУ  İ  ãѦѦָ˹ּ򵥵ա
˹ֿóѦһֱŶǸ׻ӿţ¶һ˿ķŭ  ⵽ô£˹ֿ
˹λղŶöָһǧ𣡡Ҳһһʮ˵
ʵڻһ𾪵״̬֮Уһǧһ϶Ƿˣ  ôһǧȥһһĽָأ  ٣һǧ𣿣
˹Ҳŵһ£һεĳҲûмôǮ  öһչΪͨһöˣ֮ǰ˹ԭûд棬ֻĳɫȷǲ
Ȼ䲢󣬿öƷƵļֵҲͷˣ
û뵽ôһһ䣬Ȼ˺ۣ
ߣ˹ߵĵͷ߰Ȼ˺һǧۣ˸𣿡
Ѧһ˹֣׾ҹҲòһǧɣ  ˹ֿһȻλĴҵ䣿
ôˣߵλ˵ˣҳߵļ۸Ҹߵġֻû뵽Žм˵ڶ֣ͷˣʼ
㡭쵰
Ѧû뵽һεᣬÿһᵽǸоɫһķ̣
ֻ˭ҵ䣬ǵĸ˶Թ֮У
˹ֿһףٺһЦ
˵Ҳ𣿡ʵ
ǺðɣǮɣ˹ֿ˿ףʵ΢һ¾֪еԵˡ
ӦþѦϼŵٶǰСǰСҺۣѦϼŵٶѦˣ  ھͱСӺһǧ𣬶ѦһԿˣ  Ѧͻƽһ˹ֵӣҲͶȥ˸мһƳ
׿˹ֵ˵һΣû˵Ҳ򣬵ʲôʱǮҵ飡
Сӣ㻹֪˹ֵ˭ɣ˹ֿ׾ȻԼˣᣬҲ¶һ˿ɭȻЦݵ
Ҳ֪˭Ҳ֪˭֪һҪùˡ
ЦһΪѾ֪Σյˣֻʱ˻ڹء
˹һˣ㰡ѦһͼӴ׵˵
˹ֿ׵Сӣٸһλᣬ㵽׸ǮǲǮ
ôô׳
Ǯʲô˵ҪǲǮĻܡܣǸСһЩɫ˹
ʱ׳һһѾվ׵ĸǰ׼ˣ
ſΣ֮УҲǸоԼЩˣ  ֻǾҪȰ֮ʣƺܵҵײܶ˶Ѿվˣ




1464ºϮ
 

¡  ҵײֱһĶ
Ҳҿֹ󹻽ʵҪȻĻҵײ㸲ˣ  أ
һͳľ𣬻ƽѾɫҰף
ճûж೤ʱ䣬û뵽Ȼ˴˵е꺣  꺣һᶼΪ֮ͷ۵⣡  Щ˳һʵԶͣë̹˹ۿڵʱҲɻͶ
׻ƵĻĻ񣬶ԭһԤë̹˹ۿͣġ
ֻΪͻȻ֮ѾϮŲò뿪ë̹˹ĸۿڡ
û뵽һδƽһ  һξȻ˴˵еĺƽҲǵһˣ֮ǰΪһֱлԶܹƽ£
һ֪ԼԲôˣΪ֪ͨԮҲҪҵʱ䣡
ʱ䣬ܵûӰˣ  壬⡭ô°ǲǵĴײʲô˰
ѦʵǵһʽĸԶֳȻһֱͬ⡣
ŵļѦղò˹Ϊ˰ȫӶӶԼİȫ
ԣڰȫѦһֱΪԼ϶ʲôģ
˹һѾǱˣղŵǹŵľͷʧӰ٣  Ҫ֪һˣǿʧΪصһ  Ϊһε鱦չ˹׼˺ܳʱ䣬֪׻ڷǳǮǷǳľ˵ġ
񲻵չЩ䣬ķڻټֵһǱء
ܣǲǺ˹ɫҰףһݵĿŻƽͷ϶ĺѾµˣ  ˣӦǵģƽ򶨣ɵֵʱһӻˣ
壬ļٵİ
Ѧɫһɷף˼Ҫ̱˵ˡ
ٶ㡭㲻ǹӶһЩӶ𣿸ϽϴСƽ
ƾʲôǶˣΪʲôܶ
ǣҪһΪʲôܶ
ģҪǺˣӵһͽҷ
ˣҶһϵˣ˭Ҳܲˣʲô⣡
һѦܣȻǲˣ˭ܵˣ
ڴҶΣ˭Ҳܵ˵ģ
˭Ҫ˵ĸǰˣǾͽȻҲϢģ  ſ˵ǲܣЭЩҲһˣǶסſڲǽҲûа취
ǰλ԰꣬ϵ׻ƵĻƽ
˹̵ԶԶԣ׻ƵĺǿЩ꺣һ׻ƺ̾Ҫˣ
Ȼô˵˹ǽŵĲܹڽˣ
û뵽ᰴĽ෢չ
𣿡ƽ˹ֳ
ֵĹزǲôǵ˸ۿǱˣ
˹ִ˿ҲһĺڲֵѾûκεİȫУ
ʵ˹ִĸӶʵǲ  ȭͷڿܹĹӵ
Щ꺣кܶҲ֣лûа취ȥȵģ
ٶأƽ˿ҲǺڲʵ
֪ӣǸʱûֹ涨ˣ
Ѧ۵壬˰ǵ˻ȥ˵лǾ԰ȫģ
ģ֪ᷢ飡ƽӶˣ
ǼӶɫɵϿ  ܿ˹ֵϰ壬ûǸǵĶ֣Ψһֻһ·ˡ
ʲô·˹ϣĿźʵ
ҪĶһЩ˶ɱ˲գ۵ħͷ̾һ
ЩǼֵһ𰡣
ȻһҲҪ˹ֵǵڳ⣬Ѫ
ڵ˹ָо˶Ҫˣ  ΪΪʳ
بŲһ˹ָ֪ˣԼûˣҪǮʲôأ  ſ˵һ¥һڣֻҪסھOKˣôĹӶֻҪһ˽ʱȡǵȻǺŵȴԮҲлģ
΢΢̧ͷ˿ţŮʱȻֳڳ˵侲
Ŀǰ˵ȷһİ취ϾЩӶַǳݣ
ֻҪиһĻҲǲܹõεƣ
ȴͬΪΣԸ  ЩֻƵģһŭǣʱͻݱһɱ
ȻˣߣǾԲܷģ
Ϯ
ԭֵһ¥һƬֻ֮У˶֪ȴǵĵʲô




1465ǸҲ
 

ԹֻۣҲ֪һβֿ²̫ˣ
ЩʵЩ캦һҲΪˣ  ˡ
һAKɨյŵԭѾЩЩˣһ۴  ֲ̫ˣ
һĻһθоֵ֮ٽ
ʱ̫ˣʱҲ̫ˣ
ٶһǧһ㶼ֻǮġ
ƽѾ˵ʲôˣղõƺΪһͨǹûκε壡  ԭǱ٩٩̸ɴ˿ɢȺѾǰ忪ˣ  ŵӣҲ̾һƽʱȥֵģҪˣ׻һûмŮӣ  ¡
վŵԱߣ
ΪʲôҪġʱˣǴСƢ
ʼһҪǱЩ˿׿ˣ㵽ʱ򡭡
ಣ
һ⻰ŵ̶
ƺоЩˣЩŭߣҿɲǣֻúǰѣ
ƺҲ㲻ʲôúɣ׿ţ߶죡  УһǸСһῴ˼ɱŵӣ
ƺо׶ܹһЩһ㣬Щִ˲ƣ  ֮ǰ׸ĸоǷǳĲģĸһԼԷȻܾˣ
д
Żûôһ˸ܾأ˳Ҳһ
ɶǣһﲻӦԼԷҲˣѦ綪˳ӡ
˿׹ԹԵĶطһεĳ
׿ŵС͵Сѽ㵨Ӵϰ
㡭ҷϣ㾹ȻһŮεı㣿أɫͨ
أ
һ¥ű߿ˣһӽʮǹʵĺӣǴŷǳļ򵥣϶ԱΪ
һͷģһԲʷȥƣ  ϴǷ˰
ǸԲʷӸոսһѾǶǹ˹ȥ
ľ׻ƵְɣϵĽԼе˼ϣʵ
ϴ׻Ƶ֣Ѿ̽ˣǵѾˣ
ǸľӺٺһЦ
ĵͷǧҪʲô©׻ƵǾǲҪĺáղ˵ķˣŶ
ϸҪѯʰľɵԶȥʱȴ˾˵һĻ  ʯȫʯ
ϸоԼжɢ־Ө͸ĹǿɶǮ  û뵽˰ֵǣ
ϴһӣбŷһε˷ܵĹâ
λλ
ƽҲӲͷƤվʵʯĸƺûжĹϵ  µԼЩ˱˺һĳĻԺһǧˣ
ΪΪʳ
Щʱ˵ЩǷǳеģƽΪԼǰ;Ҳվ
ˣ˵϶ǰһɨ䣡
ŵΧЩ˲סţźǷӦһЩȻƽԵЩͻأ
ǣ˵Ҷ˵λúҡֵĸ˻ƽ
ƽֱͨͨѾվˣҲֻӲͷƤ˵Żˡ
ˣܺãǺϵҲûʲôҪ󣬵ǿϵĶͳͳߣֻҪϣҿԱ֤ǲµģ
Ͻʵ̫ˣһž͸ок·
û뵽׼ĵһĿ꣬һȿܵ״̬֮С
ͳЩ䣬ǹҲǼֵǧɣ  ʵĺܶԶֻ϶ֻкܶ˵һôûУ
ɽ첻һˣǿ䰡
ܿ죬һ¥Ǽ֮⣬˶Ѿܵ¥¥İῪʼѰҲȥˣ
һᣬ˹ֵЩʯֱҵˣǴ˼Ѫһ㣡  ߣ
궫Ҳ׼ˣʵôˣһҲȥǡ
һԵİľƺ㣬ЦһϴǸҲֵǿûŮ˰
˶סˣ  ΪⰢľָķڵķǿˣ
˵ʵȻᣬǷȴǷǳĲ͹£ȷŮζ
ȻŴһ㣬ȴӰһŮ
Ѧĳôܶôأ
ֻŵһ׵ĸǰЩвͨѣ  ˿̣ŵɫһƬҡ




1466¡ͦ
 

ڣ˶Ǻ䣡  ŵӣѦҲʿˮҪվջûվ
Լܵв£ѡһֻ  ֵܣҸвУѵŮˡ
ƽһϵ˾ȻţŵøϽǰ
Ѧ棬ҪڲĻԺô죿  ҲΪϵôĶ˵  ҪȻĻƽĲǰСҪ
ѵŮˣôЦһ
һԵİľϵһ￴ȥôǮŮǵˣҿץȥһȻڿǮ
ľתĺܿ찡㰡
һߣ˾
ղһӱôʯͷˣʵҲǷǳֵǮġ
һҺְܹطˣ붼ǸǮˡ
׻ˣЩ˵УǷǳǮ֣  㡭ҪǮҡǸ
ƽҲȻżҲûжǮЩ⣡
ŵүүǿǹڶרңڸ߲ƺҲܹ˵ϻ֣
Ҫ֪ԼŮ˸ˣѦϼſ¶Բ˶ˣ
ǧ𣡣ھõóǧĻǾͷŮˣ
Ͼʵ̫ǮˣʵѾ׬ˡ
˭ԼǮأ
ƽһŵЩ̱ڵϣǧ𣿿ɼһˣ
ұ¶ѦѦԼվֻܹװɵˣ
ٺ٣ûǮǿɾ͹ֲ˰
ŬŬ죬ʾһԵȥץ  ŵӲסĲţʲôϴСģһһŮˣ  ԭΪԼ˵ѦһͦģΪ֪ѦϲԼ  ղŵһ˲䶼ѾˣһѦͦȥ֮޸д  ԸΥ
Ѧûվûվˣ
һԣ·ʶԼһ㣡  ƳһѦѦܿĵʹԼƺѾ¶ĳ־ģ  ҪǸʲô
һɫץסԼĸ첲ʱҪѿ  ϾֻһСŮˣֻǯһ֣г˾֮ɫ  Ů˳ĺܲƤܻľһֻץţȻתͷϺٺһЦ
һ˵ƺͿǰһзûһ˸ǰֹ
ŵ֮һƬһ뵽˺ֵܶĿԣȴûκεİ취ֹķ  Щӣһ˵ȶǵԼͷ­һЩ಻Ů˴˿̸ǵ͵ñעⲻԼ  ʵҪñŵǰ棬Ҳûµķˡ
̾һղһֱûж֣ʵһԭǾŮӳԵͷ  ȻˣҲŮﲻҲܼȣ
֮ǰԼ˹ֻѦˣҲ뵽У  ֻҪЩ˳ԵͷΪҲÿһζЩ˵ߣ
š
ͻȻ֮վһ£ʮAKͬʱ׼  Ŵ˿ɫҰףֵʱԭһƬҵŷһ˿⣡  ֻû뵽ǣһֵ̳Ǹ˲ѦǸԼԶٷԸף  쵰£
ϵǹֱ׵֮Ȼŭһ
׿ϵǮԾ
Ŷû뵽ȻôղǸջƵ˵˾ˣ㻹ˣ
ϿףǴһ˿͵׵
׿ϵ޷ǾΪƣֻҪǮκҪŮ˶ܹҪõ𣿡
Ͽ˵Ĳڿɲ˵㣡Ȼͷˣ͹ԹԵİǮɣֻҪֽ𡭡
ֽ𣿻ǲ˼ǧֽװһӰ˭û»ֽطʼ
ˣңȥɣ
Ͽף͸һɱ
ǿɲνתֻʲôΪǸʱпܱᣬǿɲ뱩¶Լпʲôģ
Ψֽ𣬲Ŭ׷ĶֵֽͬĽ鱦
һȻ˵ûֽǲǵˣ
Ҫ۶һ£˶пһʻƺҪʧˡ




1467
 

֮ڣ  ϵгѪζ׾ȻϷˣԼȻǴŭѣ  ˣɱ˶˵ǳôļ򵥣
һΣҪˣ
Ȼһ׬貧ӯôأ
˵ǮԶǲģ
Ǹܲ˵ǣЩǿˣȻǵɵӣ  Ѧгһ˿˿ĶʻԭΪԼվҲû˸վ  ˣоԼף  ǸԭԼΪһСģˣȻվˣ  վ׼ԼİŮţûз˼ԼΪʲôûվȴһϵвǽġ
˭һ֮ǰԼôأ
һԵ˶ǵͷǵȴʼսĶǰҪǰͷ³ʲôģ  ˿̣˶Ϊ˿϶Ǳˣôĺÿжǹ
˭ܹأֻϣ׵ĳ嶯Ҫǲźã
Ե˽һֵ쾡£
ŵɴ۾ףôҲû뵽ȻһزʶԼԶٷСˣͦҪԼ
жһĪĸжϮŵȫ  Ҫֹôĳ嶯Լһʲôˡ
Щеһĳ˹ȵף  ׼ҪЩǹ֮£ԼҪܵЩ裬ѾĴ㣡  ȥɣ
ϵ͸һĹâֻ׾ǿһ㣡
ž
ϼҪ۶һ̣ѾǶˣ
գ֮䣡
ϱ㷢һ飬Լ۶ָͷȻסˣ  סǸղҪԼͻͻף
أ
һֻֿסϵֹ֣۶˱ˡ
һֻѾһȭϵӣ
˲䣬ϵĿбķɳȥ˼ŴѪ˿ݣһȭ˶Ȧˣ    ˭ֻ˭û˵˭ûա
ЩûаղûаգĶϬ쳣ֱȹҼһҪһЩ
ɲ֮䣬ԭֵAKѾǶԼĶͷ֮ϣֻҪ׶ָͷһԴˣ
Щ֮ǰһЦת˲ʧȡ֮һĪ
ԼϴȻ˸סˣ
ľʿˮһԵЩѾȫΧγ˶ţ  Ҫײ̫׵ĻЩ˿˲ͱǲˣ  ſϴ󣬷ɱЩˡ
ľ֪ǲһռ̫ˡ
ֻˣ
׿˺ٺһЦҺθɣֻҪǶָͷǵϴҲoverˣ
ҪҪ
һĭȻʹ˾ҵʹЩʹʲôأ
˵ΨһҪľǱ֤Լ
дĲƸûлӻôŮûܣɲ  ȻЩ˿ȥͽͽһԼܵвǱκ˶
ΪѾֻΪյЩˣЩѾǱָ͵ĺˣ
ϴȥĻǡһ׻ƵĻˣһ߲ˣ
ľŵĿϣ֪ĶŶ˵ǷǳĲ
ϱϾǵϴֲ
ˣ˵˲Ҫģһģŭһ
׿˿΢΢һЦˣ
úúãǷţ̷ˣľʾˡ
űɿһ̣Ҳŵò֪Ӧˣ  ˰ڵϣȻԹԵıͷڵϡ׳
죬˵ȥϵӲסĲ
ϴ󣬲УҪĻһҲܲˡľҡҡͷ
ˣľ㾹ȻҵĻ𣿡ŭһ
أ
׸ľϻĻᣬֱһǹ˰ľ֮ϣԭǹֻѾЩѪģˣ
Űľʹ൹صӣЩǶһľʧ룡
ˣʲôʱɱ˿ʼŪˣ  ͳͳ³һ
׿ЩĿɿڴӣŭһһŭдһ˿ǵ  ʵϣֻǵ˵Щ˿϶ܷǹġ
ϾһǹʱĻᶼûˡ
ڱôһǳ⣬ټãЩһʧأ
Щֱӽе˵ϣ
Щһ˲䣬Ѧ˹ߵЩӶһĽڵϵЩ  ڶǹڶЩȵǷӦʱȴѾǱһĹӶ׵Ŀסˣ




1468ҲȱǮ
 

һӱסˣ
ԭڵϵЩ˿ǰľһӻȸԾ  ˹ֵˣоԼһڶֱʧð
׿ŵǰһڣֱ֣ˣ  ׿ЩӶȥҸʵӣЩ˶ߣȻǵĴס
ƽһףǰѽЩСôأǾˣ
˹ֿҲЦŵǡǸղǶԲˣ
ûʲôԵԲġ׵˵
ǡǸһǧ飬ҡһʱɱˣԡ
˹ָоһΣ˵ʵղѦˣȫΪǺߵĹϵ
ÿ˶ӢۣӢԼôʧ  Ҫ֪һǼֵһڰҪ˼׳Ļһڿ϶ǴˮƯˡ
ʧã˹ָоЩǮ׼һ㣬ָм֮ȻԱˡ
˿ȥϵʲôѦѦģҪ֪˼Ǿһ˰
˵ҪҪ˼Ǿһˣ
ǣһǧ鰡ҿ˼һǧ𣬶˼
ҪһڸһǧֱӰһӵȥ
˭ҪǸ˺׻ƿӢۣǾǸǹȥ
˿̣Ѧ֮⣬˶վ׵ߣ  ˹ɫͨ죬˼һߵӣ̵λŮʿǡǣ˹ֲ˼ҡ
ʲô˼һ˴ĺǳȻѾΪ׵ʵ˿ˡ
ǸҡҸԸóһǧлΪһҺĹף
˹ʵлЩ۵ģʱҵ  Ҳһ֪عϵˣʲôԭ򣬱˾Ǿ
һôʧ˵һǧĲʲô
ã
±һҵ˹ֿ˵ӣҲ¶һ˿Цݣ
Щ˿ɶǱ˰һҪǴһĿ񳱣û׼һλ׬ء
ߣʲôⰡû뵽龹Ȼһ﷢һѣ
ѦһһԵĻƽüͷ  ٶ˼Ǿ˵һ⺣ǿɶƽҲЩˬʵЩѦ
ȻҲ֪ղʱ̣ܶ˶ǻΪԼǵģѦŮ˰  Լٶ˵ûеƽһв˶ҡ
壬ô첲հѦЦһĿŻƽֱӰǼһﻹͻë̹˹ۿڣɲֵĳ˿ͣ
ٶϾǾǡ
ƽЩ˼ĿѦȻ˵Ӳŵкܶ࣬ôԼǵһμ
Ҫ֪˿̵ë̹˹ۿڣǿڴ̰ڰ˼ͻȥǳ
ô⴬ôѦҵİɣŶˣ׻ƻǱϵô˰ұӦÿ˰ɣѦ˵
ǵģУ˵СʱͿԵִߣʱǽˣƽ
Ȼ˸ɢˣʱҴЩұ֪𣿡
Ѧףг˼֮һɲٸСӳͷĻᣡ
ƽ֮а̾һʵû뵽ԼٶȻĵĵز  ˿̣룡
ױ˰ΧҪȥûмýȥڳ˸мҲ֪Ӧø˵ʲôˡ
һ뵽֮ǰԼĵԣŵһĻ̣  ֲ˼ҿԼԼƺЩԼˣ֮⣬ʲôû
һǧ֧Ʊκһҿȡ
˹ĴԼĶͳһֽʵ֧ƱȻˢˢˢһǧ
ãҲȱǮװڰֵ
һǧ𰡣˹Ҳ𾪵Ŀס
ǽǮǼһǧ۾ûգһ¾;ܾģûм
⵭Ȼһ仰ȫΪ֮Ȼ
ͷҪôΪǮҪôΪ˼ʲôҲͼúܶĪ
ţư׻˾й˵ҪǮͲҪǮҪ֪ǿһǧ𰡣
Ӣۣ°ɣҾЩ˶ԱǶĽ֮鰡
ǰǿһǧ𰡣ҪײҪ
ǵأΪһһʯһǧӦøģ
µ˶ҪΪƽˣϾһǧҪײҪ  ׿˵ҾΪǵǮĻҾú壬޼۵ģǲýǮġ
һ쳹֮ڣ
˿̣׵ȥôĸߴſ׵ӣҲ




1469¸еƷ
 

ֵĴ룬һεĻָ  ЩӶǽЩȫѹ˼װ֮ϣô  ЩԭֵĻҲĴѲߣֹĺ֣
һҲһϾǵĵֻ̻Ƿǳȷġ
ʵǿĺǾͶռһЩʵһĺǾռһЩ
һʵеȵģֻһ˸֮󣬺ܿǵĵ̻ͻᱻ˸ʴ
ҪȫĶžЩˣʵǳѣϾһջǷǳĴġ
׺ǰ˵İΧһܵ˼װһ͸͸
ԭһƬǽִ򵥵Ĵ֮һα߲ʰ
һֱףŵ˰Сʱң׳ȥˣҲȻĸ˳ȥ  ֮ǰѦʱѾǱŭ˻ȥ
ģԺǲҪڶ࿴һ۵ģ
˰
ͷҲûлأѾǸ֪ԥӣ
㡭֪˰ŵǳĵ͡
תͷЦŵ֪Ҫ˵ʲôǲҪлҾ㣿

Ҳû뵽׾Ȼôֱӣͷ
΢΢ҡͷʵ㲻ҲǾԼ𣿡
Ҹлһԭ򣬻һԭԭ֮ǰԣų׾һ
ײδֹţȻܹ˵ѾʶԼĴ
žϹ֮Цŵڿ˰ɣĵǸ͸лҶܣ
ллһȻղô˶վΪʲôվأ
ܲĿεεĴŮЩ˸̣˰ɣһɵ
ʵϾһҲûбץߣ׻ǻֵģ
Ϊ飬ԲԹ۵ģ  ֻŴɱ˸ץˣָһʵɶѡ
һпȥôͻأ㹻ˣ
ɡûһ˸վֻվˣ
뵽黹ڻЩڿ˵ϲԼˣȴͷڹһ  νϲͰ𣿾飬Ѿǳ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˺ܶʵ
Цŵ˵ǸѦɣ
㡭ôʲô֪ſһľ㵵
ЦŵҪ˵Ϊʲôվվˣúʧǲǣ
ûʧ෴ҺܸһλӢܹվ
ڲңһ˿˿ĺ£  һЩ˵ħצ֮еĻԼǲҲҪѲƤˣ
װڰֵʵȫùڻѦһСŽ׳Сû飬ǸʱСųһЩ
һֲ֪ô˵ڸоµûš
֪˵˵ϲ˵ǰɣʵҾ֮䲢ͻΪǳˣܾһȻµȥ취һ𣿡
ײԼղžǸӢۣѦ˾ǹܣ  ²һŶۣԼһͨƽˣôѡѦҲأ
ллû뵽ѦôΪȴΪ绤ŵ
¶ѣҲЦŵˣղܵһЩţڻȥϢϢɣһжûµģ
ţҡ㡭ĵͷƺ˺ܶࡣ
ֵģΪСţܹ׷СˣΪʲô֪Сʲôʲôݣ
Ҫ׳Էʱ󴫳һ󲻺г
Ѧļ֮˿Ѿȼգղڶ¥濴źһ飬һôѾŭˣ
뻹ߵӣ׵ŭˣ
Ѧô˵ذ
Ÿղ׵£׶ѦĲΪЩͻû뵽һȻôĵ͡
˼Ϊͺͱ粵Ȼô˵˼ң  У
һӾͼŭţɫ˼㣡  ѦŵСţ˵ʵ˭֪һʲôݣ˭֪ӽǲʲôĿģҪ֪үүǹҵԺʿǹҵĺļ
С֮ĶȾ֮Ѧǿ͸ˣҹŭһ
С㡭ͱļһƭŰɣѦؿ޲ǰѵֱͱǰһ
ұƭҲûκεĹϵԺԶһ㣡ǳ׵ĸѦˡ
Ѧ΢΢ָź׵úúã㡭ǸҵţСӣһÿ
ѦЩףҲǻ
׿ѦӣҲ΢΢ҡͷСӿȥûˣʱ򻹲ܹԼѹλϴС㿴ˣ




1470²ҪFaceѦ
 

ƽװϵʱÿѦȥ׵һĻ  Ҳ΢΢ҡͷϾѦϼģԼү£Ҳֻܹˡ
˵ʵѦӣǺʹ  ΪһˣԿˣҲˣЩ鶼һߵġ
˵ģ˵һξôˣ˼ȵͬѦϼŰ
ѦϼŶԶĿΪģⲻǼеһҺֶѣ
һɱˣɶӵӰĻôѦϼŵʧֱԵġ
ƽɲѦֻŮ˺ͼ֮ĵġ
ΪĸˣҪǵľνʧ͵ͣ  Ҫ֪һ˹ֵһ䱻ߣȻڳµĻѦϼŶܳܵ  ˼ײǳʲôĿģ˼ȵĲǱˣѦǼҵĲҵ
ڻƽ׼ǰ״кʱĵ绰Ѿ
׻ƵĻѾǾ߻мӵʱ䣡  ѦѾǽˣʱֱȥǼұˣȻֱӻ㱨飡  ͲܹˣѦǲڸһﵱӢ۵Ļᣡ  ҪԼһͷϿ۵ʺӣ
׻ĳװ֮ϣ  ѦƽҴҵĳ˹ӴǵѦıУ  Уָӹ٣һǵĻȽϵķء
֮ǰЩѾǰȫı͵һʱĸۿڣȻŸ˹  ˣ˰ѦһУǿһ㣡  У˿̵һװȥޱȣ  ˿Ѧ¶һ˿ЦݵСģղڵ绰˵Ķģ
ģˣ㲻֪ʱжôΣգΣ֮ڴҵĺ֮£Ʒﺣ
Ѧ˵ͱȽϵˣҺ֮ʵ˵Ҳûдġ
ΪֻǿϣʣµĻЩӶǰﺣ
йûĹأ
ΪռȻƷ˺ͷϵĻҲܷˡ
ððСñ˹Ŀ࿴жҪգηǰǿ˰
һεЦǷĵˣ
Ѧ΢΢һЦˣʵҲֵһᣬЩһ͵ǵĴϿ
ͷǵڹȻٳҹ֣ǱȻҪ֮ԷЩ֮Ᵽ˷ָ
ǰˣʵ̫ɶˣлһ顭Ѧһת
ʲô飿 ʵ
ŵ߳һļһ֪ðģ˼Сŵĸǰ֣ҸС֮ĸ飬һǱϵĿмȥģѦ
ϵĿмȷ𣿡ʵ
ڼ֯޿ײ룬⻹ǲò
һ̫ȷּ˾ϲⰡȻһƷĹʹֱ
ѦĻһԵĻƽһĶ񺮣ôҲû뵽ѦȻˣ
˿̵ѦѾ¶һ˿ŵЦݣѾôˡ
ҰȫһУˣȥǸ˸Ҵ
ˣǡѦ𾪣֮һĿģ  Ҳǹ͵ģΪ˲׳ͷҲʲô鶼ó
Ҳ룬Ҹʣ¶֪ʲôˡ
׺һ𣬿ż˺ǹʵĳԼ߹Ҳ񣡣
װϣ  ױ˿Ѻߣһ
ѦվһžӵʱƺһЩʲô
ˣѦ
ֻǵҲ߹ʱЩ㣡  ֪ˣСӿȥҲǸѧ
ҲЩƣΪ˵ʲôʵĵط
棬ѾˣλһҪǸųʶǸͷ֮˾
΢΢ֵţʶûˣ
壬˰һʱһ˵ĻС
ŵĺ󱳵˺ˣϴôС˰һҲԿѦǵͦҪȻǸɾ˰
ѦͦǲҪface
һȻ˵ѦЩһ
ˣҿһһɣȿѦǿдŵĻ
ŸҪ˵һԵѾɫһСţȱ˵һЩ⡣
ˣô˰ǡЩˡ
ڻǼӣǱߣпܻвĿģС㣬ôʶģ
ҡë̹˹ۿġŻشţȻ壬Ǽģ϶ˣ
᣿ĪĳߣĪǵ֣ڻĪѦĹϵúܽΪһ᣿ʵ
׼
ʲôȸҹ˵ǳ
ֻƺûע⵽׵ɫѾѿ˼ˡ




1471
 

ļװϣ
ЩΪѦĻܵΪǼ֯ˡ
ץ˵ʱǼˣ  壬̫˰ɣų
СŰܸӣ⣬һ˸õĻǿɾͲ˰
ұãԸãҲԸѦСΪ飡
Ѧһεתתˣһûи㣬֮ǰǳ֣һƷ˺ͷӡ
ţղô˵ʵ
ˣղ˵ţŵһ˵ġҵʱͻһ顭Ѧ
ʲô˵ɡ
ģһ˸ᣡѦһװ  㡭㻹˵óڰѦŭһ
˵˵ĿǳȺֻܶ࣬ΪһӡʼվЩɣ
׾ôѦԭֻΪһƷզأ˲Ʒզأֱġ
һˣץôĺȻ˵Ǹһģ
ֱЦ  Ѧʴʵ˵ˣӦ֪ЩӲ۵֣ͷĶһЩֱ
꺣ȷǴƾǶǴģսС
һȻǶЩ϶˽ķǳˡ
ҲϿѦĻֻ֪ǣѦҪʲôأ
ѦˣȻҲϿɣǾͺ˵ˣȵһ㣬ʮǹʵĺȻһ޴Ʒˣ𣿡
ȵȣղ˵˺Ʒ𣿡ʵ
Ҫ
ŸѦκεӣʮֵ
СţͻСܶ濴֪𣿡
һΪĹΪѦԼҲǱȽϵѦģ
Ͼ˺һ·Ҳűʵģ
ѦųСţңҲˣͲôһȥ޸֮ļһﾹȻֱӽֱĺͷӸҲűˣôͣ
ҡ
űѦƺҪȥˣôҲû뵽龹Ȼӵģ
һӻûа취⵽ô£
ܾЩԣᶼˡ
ҪҵˣͰɣΨһԭһһﺣһǱΪ飡
Ѧǳ˵ֻȴͲ׻ţ  Ϊ鰡
ȻԼɷǳĳ֣ˣһӰǻ֮ȥɣ  ⼫ĵ׵ĸӢ壬ҲԼ˵ĳɷ棡  ȥȷǲһܹƷͷӵˣһҵЩ벻ˣ˵˸ĻҲڽЩ߰ɣȫлὫЩųȥģ
ˣЩʲôʮҵĺļĸҪΪҪǣЩվǱץסɻعѣǸвˡ
Ѧһ˵ԼѾǷ˺ܶ飬˵ġ
ĿľΪʵԣ˵ʵۿȫ̵ĻƽʱѾѦ˵ǣ  ԭһӵı飬ҲǱɻ
İѦ˵ĻǰĻ̫ˣ˷ʤ
˵Ͳ˵ŵɴ۾Ѧ˱Ļ
ˣ㿴˰ɣһھǸŹԻһ㣡Ѧ̵
Ѧͷͷǵķȥˣ˿ҲһЩɻûн⿪
˿ųСţһúõĴԲԩһˣҲԲŹһˣ
壬ѦǸ쵰ֲ֪ôˣΪѾ񶾵ˣ
΢΢һЦˣ˳ͷӾͲˣţȸҹ˵ɣ
Уǡִһ˵ĻţҾô˷ˣһ
û˵ˣֻû֤ʵ֮ǰҪ֤ǵİȫ
ղ˵޸֮ǰɣײ΢΢һЦ
ӣ˸ЩͬϷһСŵĿ⣬ΪʲôƨӢ۰ޣҸǴ𣿡
ѦָָһԵļʿҪ֪£ǿɶִʵսĺ½սӳԱ
һһʮĺ֣
Ҳ˰˰ŪǷ֮⣬һǴһЦȻһԵļ˵Ȼ֤һ£Ǿһϰɡ




1472ŵӳ
 

Ѧɫѿ˼㣡  ȻԼ֪Լ𣬿ܵľ˵Լ
׾ȻҪ½սӵ˱ԣжЦˡ
һǻ
Ҫ֪Щ½սӵĳԱһһʮĺ֣  ѲΪԼƷһͷӣΪԼţˣ
ԱߣսʿҲЦһ  ԼЩŭˣСҲ̫֪ߵغˣȻ˵Ҫһϣ
Ҫ֪ǿǴ½սһģֻʹһЩˡ
УСᣬԸҲûκġ
µЩСӣкü  ׵ĻȻñ˿ˣֺսһӱȼˡ
ʲô֣һһף  ׿֪ҵ֣ӮȻ㣡
룬Сӣ˲Ҫ̫Ű
У˵еҲ̫͵̫͵Ҳױ۸ɨһȦΧҲ˷ʱˣһϰɣ
ǿֱ
žɵҲֱ֪Ƕôˡ
֪ײ֪Щ˵ݣΪЩ˾ͨĵġ
ֱͨЩʿһǶЩʿ֮оϸѡ˲ţ
ֱ׵Ҳû뵽
в˭Ѿû̫Ĺϵˣ
Ϊڸ֣ǸһЩѵ  鶼ûиףһ֮ԣ׿һҶĿ  ǺǣСǰɣҵȻҿǵжԹϵһͦģ
ʱҲ¶һ˿ŵЦݣ
ųɡ
վԱߣһԲʱĵ¶һ˶ļ⣬ȥʮ㣡  ԣº½սӵһλսӳ
Ҫ˵ԣǿǱģȫֱ˼ܴϣǿǶùǰʮ֣  ôˣܹǰʮһϵ  ߣһСӺܵģû뵽ӳԳˣ
ǣһСȻ˵ţһƴԼʶԼˣ
ӳҲĲˣҪȻ˼ҿɲ׳ְֵ
ҶһСӱĹĵˣҲǻð
ʵЩѾһѦ˵ЩΪΪ׾Ǽ
ӽžΪȡҵһЩļΪʿȻҲͬˡ
֪ѦĻǶѪˣ  Сӣ
ЩӵĿףԼһȭܹսˡ
Իϣһܹ΢ǿһЩԼɽǡ
Լһ֣һ͵ˣ̫û˼ˣ
ſǰЩеĿ壬ͷŹɡ
ҷŹŹ˼ŰҲҪһһЩ
̫ˣ
Ȼ˵ĿµˣЩܲˣ
οѦĻҲ˺пĳʲôҲ˵  ׿˿ŵû£ҲǸдѣӮҪ
ֵģһÿѦݺݵ˵
׿˿Ѧ仰ͬÿ͸㣡
˵꣬Եķ˹ȥеôҲĨȥˣ
ļװ֮ϣ
ѾΪÿһֱҵһȦȦվԺˣ  Կ˿׵ɡ
΢΢ҡͷɣҳˣûлˣ
Ȼǿɾ͹ֲˡ
û뵽ԼСռˣϾԾʤһ
û뵽ľȻ˵¿ηΣŭ

ɫһϬĿףѾһĶˣ  һȭӰǾ׼ĵһ㣬׵ؿֱӺȥ  Ӷã  ԲΪһ׼ݼֱЧĳȭʽǳĸɴ䣡  һУ˿Ʒ׼ֱ׾ٵ飡
Сģ
Լ۾ЩҿˣϾ˵׾ľˣ˶ѣ
ѦְŪǷǵСˣ˵ȫģҲǳĿ
أ
ȭͷײϮŶоһʹ  ˵ĿⶼѾǼڱеϣڴ׷ɳȥһ̡




1473һƷ
 

װ֮ϣ
˵϶һĵȻ˵ʤѾûκεˡ
ֻҪղһŵף˴֮ܲôţ
һ̣˵Ŀⶼˣ
ֻһȭ׵ؿڴȴûпԤеɳȥ  ෴ģֱһֻץԵ֣ȻһתֱӽԵԼĲϣ
ôסˣ
ƽ˵ɴ۾ǰһĻⲻǸղƷǸͷеĶ  һģһ  Եûǰ֮⣬Ķһǳɣûκεˮ  ࣡
ѦԭЦıһˣû뵽СӾȻôͣ  һӾͽԸסˣǿǱİ
ڳ˵УѦ֮⣬ϵˣ˭ûбԸ۸  ǲܵսȻһиƷˣ
Ű  ҲǵɴԼӣֿԣҲӦǽܹʲôرѵҲһȽˡ
ôҲû뵽ǰСһоͰԸˣ
һаȫ֮жûܹ˼ˣ  ŭˣоԼûţղţѾǴȥˣھȻһиƷˣ
ƾöûκεİ취ܹѣ
һӣӣһӡ
ʱһһĹȥˣԭ׼˵ԣҲı׸ĥȥģ  ΢΢˵ҡˣ
ûа취ȻһٸԸ⣬кܶûʹѾˣ  ӳȻˣôܰСӵʲô·
֪㿴ųӳɫһǶ˶˰
ߣСҲ̫ˣ㿴ʱģû뵽Ȼô
ԽԽɣҿǼҪȻһͨôô
Ϊ׵ĳʣѾкܶ˿ʼףǾһпܾĳֹĳԱ
ҪȻΪʲôôӳˣ
ȻˣǸǾӳˣҪȻôܸܰôһСأ
ЩսӵˣһһǶ׼׸һ̣  ôƷǸͷӵ˰ɣ
ҷǸӵĻˣ˵ʲôˣΪʲôıĶ֣㵽ĸ֯Ĵʲô
У㻹Щ಻尡ҴùҾǼˣҪҴ򲻹أһǼǲǣʵ
㡭
û뵽СôҲЩƿԣ
ȷ˵򲻹ԣʱһ֮󣬿»Ҫɼץ  ֶֻһǼɶѣ
ˣУȵһ㣬ŻǸСҸûκεȤڶҲ֪үүǸʲôģ˵Ҳһϵͳˣһùҵ濪Ц𣿡
һҪΪԼȽϾ˵ĻĲЩӣ  飬Ѧ˷˵ĻʵҲô鷢
ԭ׸ԴʵǸһЩѵ֪֪ʲôһɽһɽ߶ѣ
ڿôҲûй߸ˣ  Ѧˣɱߺ߰ôܸһϵͳأë̹˹սҹҡ
һƷ  Ѧ˶ЩˣøӲܹСӲȥˣ  ܵļ֮Ѧһεȼ
Ѧ˵ûë̹˹սҹңĸһϵͳ˵ĻûϹ£ܽġΪܹƭң
һʵһԵҲòϣѦСڹŴٵĻǾһһĴ鳼  СӺڵĿ¶ܹ˵ǰ׵ģ  һЩ˽˵ҪҾǣҲҪǵĸмǿԵĻʱҵë̹˹ĸۿڣҾ޶׳
˼ûи֮ǰ㻹뿪΢΢ҡͷ
Уһ飬ûκ֤ݵ£㹫ȻѺҪεģ׳
Ҳ㣬ӷҰȫֻҪ׻ˣҾʸѺ㣡ûи֮ǰǾԲܷ뿪ġ
Ҳһѻʵ׻û̫İ취
ǼĻİСӸ
΢΢ҡͷһ¡
ų㲻ܸȥһСӹʼʩĻ
Ҫ˵֮ǰ˻ûĵǣڲһˣСӿǸ




1474㵱ǰ
 

ϣЩ
׾ȻУһȥ̸Ҫ֪װ߼ָӹˡ
һĿסĻʱ˻Сû̫İ취
ȻҲ֪ģҲЩ֣  СΪʲôͻȻҪԼҪ̸һ̸  뵽֮ǰС˵ԼǸԼһϵͳģôûпִʲô
ĻԼȥһ̸Ļˣ  ˵ʲôܰҸ˰
ųǰֹ
ûʲôǣǸҴߣ
Ϊһָӹ٣ʾԼƣһԵҲǰ̾һ
ΪѦĻӦһ̸ˡ
˺ǹʵĶףƺ³һ飡  
ųвʣƺ϶׿϶Ҫٳǵųˡ
˳żװһ˹ȥ˶ס
ֻΪʵЩԶ£׺˵ʲôǸ
ſ׵ӣҲ΢΢һ׻ǰȫĲ  һֱʲôˣԼʵף˼Ҹ
һ뵽Ѧӣŵоһ  Զ  ׺վǱߣЩ۵Сۡ
׵СӣǲʲôҪ˵
Ͳҽٳ㵱ʣײδش⣬Цʵ
ʵҲϣǼҲϣһˣһҵ㵽Ϊһ£Ϊ˹棬ҵֵõģ
У黳һҪ˵һ£׳
ϴ
׿˿һ˵κ飬ҲøоȣȻˣҲ֤ΪҲϣǷʲôͻ
ԣ
׵ͷԼĶͳԼ֤Ȼݸ
üͷǣҰȫ㻹ǸһϵͳģҰȫǱһ쵼ǱߣòҪڲң
УҪ𣿡΢΢ҡͷ
ͷȻ׵֤ļʱӶˣ
ǽ  ĸоԼ۾⣬סԼ۾Ȼֿ  ⡭⿪ʲôЦǶǽ
һŭһ᲻֤ҪŪУʲôģû׼ԼҲˣ  ѾƫƫԼǲǾû󰡣
˵ˣҵκҲҪоȣҲ֤ÿ˿֤ǻỳҵģҲ׳
ߣҸ֤ôǽԲܣ
˷ǳ϶˵ôأ  ǽ붼ʮϵģһԼܲ
׳УҪһٴǿɾ͹ֲˣ
ߣҵҪѻܹൽʲôʱ㵱ǲɣŲֻҪһ绰ȷܹ֮͵ǹ㣡
ʵЩˣһĲԼ̲˰  ôɵĶܹõó
ôԼҲڲôˣ֪ʲô
СӾȻóһƭˣʵоܵ裬ⲻǾԼ̲  һ嶯ˣ쵼ô꣬һϰߣǾǷ¶Ҫ֤ݣ
ҲΪʲôղȻǼȴûֵһԭΪû֤ݣ
ҰȫĽǰ쵼һʿʱ򣬽Ѿųˣ  񽭲ѾǽϾҰȫļǷǳߵġ
ɾǰСҲԲǶǽʵ̫ˣ
ȫһصĲţܶ˵ݶǱܵģ֮ǰҲԼ쵼˵
һΣΪ˱ȴֱӴ绰Լ쵼  绰ͨܿ죡
˵С찡㲻˵ȥִлôпոͷӴ绰
绰һͨѾ˽ˬʵЦ  쵼Ӧͦæİɣûдɣ̵
ûûУҸ׼𴲣ϰڱʱǷŵģЦŵ
쵼Ҵ绰ʵҲûʲô飬ִʱһǵˣһðġ
ǵˣ
ǰ쵼һսҹë̹˹һ쵼ûȥë̹˹ִʲô񰡣
ʵ
̵սҹңǲ˹ȥģ




1475𾪵
 

װľͷ
˵ĿⶼǱߣΪ֪ǱʲôһۣȻͿʼ绰ˣ  绰ʱ࣬һ˿𾴣
Ҫָ֪ӹ٣һ绰˵ı飬ܶ˶ڲ²绰Ǵ˭ģ  ˿쵼һϯҲһ
޴ˣ
ǽĻشĿһףȻЦŵѽ쵼ʵǲ˼Ϣ˰
û£Ǳǳʲô𣿡Щеʵ
쵼ǻһҹھë̹˹һٺﴦ˺ʱΪǲڣһ鷳
һʹΣأ꺣ⱣһҪȺڵƲͰȫ
쵼ģǵְڣһδϵЩ˵ҲӢµĺܣܻʮ꺣ҲˬһЦ
Ŷ𣿺ǺǣܲûʲôʧɣЦʵ
棬ûκεʧɻʮѺ꺣һҴʵ쵼Ҵ绰ΪץһƼ֯ˡ
֯Ѿ͸Ǳ𣿡Ǹ㰲ȫģһҲ
ϵŮ쵼ӦϤɣ
ǵ302оϣ𾪵ʵô£
򵥵İ˵һ飬Ȼ쵼ġǻǼ֯ɹӽŵˣҸղŸ绰û˵ë̹˹ִ쵼˵ûУҾˣ˿϶ʲôͼģ
Ǻǣڵ˵ӻǴ󰡣ȻðǹҰȫŵˣðʲô˰΢΢һЦʵ
˵ҲǸЦЩҵûרһʮͷëͷСӾȻǽľ֤ҪСӸʲôУľ֤˵һأ
һЦ˿ѾǸƶΪǼٵˡ
ԭŻ΢ЦɵʮͶǽֵʱһ㶣
ף
ԺһӸǸͨȴǳСӣ  СӲǶǽô򵥣һϵء
Ҫǣ˼ȫӪҵϼŵĶ³
ϼŵĶ³Ƕǽһص㱣Ķ󰡣  Ҫ֪ϼÿΪҹ׵˰գǶ쳣ľ˵һ֣  ټ׶ڹҰȫĹףǹҵĹ  Ĺôܹ˼ܵίأ
̳ղ˵ʲôʮĶǽ
ǰ쵼˵ЦЦʵҲ֪쵼绰Ƕ࣬ҪΪ
Ǳ٩٩̸ɺܿѾǱˡ
СӣҿҴһ绰ҪȻСӿҪùˣ
쵼˵ʲôʲôҵù˰˵һһ㶵ġ
㣬㿴Ǹ֤ǲֽף
ף쵼ͨΪĬ˵һ䣬ܿо˲Ծ
ΪԼ쵼֪˽ʲô֣ôͻȻгһأ  ϰֽ֤ھܣյ˵ӦǲҪ֪ġҾΥһμɣ㣬һҪܣܹ֪
ڲòСˣ  Ҫ֪׵ǽɲģ˼Ϊ˾޴Ĺײŵõġ
ʿˮ쵼ǡ
Ҫ˵һ֤ģļҲġֽΪ˺ܴĹ׵Ӣۣ⣬ֽǶǽô򵥣ͬǹӪҵͷϼŵĶ³Ҫץҿӱ¿ˣ
һȫȷˣ
ҡҪ˵̵ѵ绰ֶ³
ǣ
ƣȻѵ绰ݸף  ׽ӹ绰Цŵþòû뵽ǾȻķʽͨģҵĴҵĴ
ֶҪǸҲЦŵ
һУ̵ʱڸϹϸ¡ֻǱ󵼲ӵġЦŵ
Сӻ֪绰ѯһ£Ѿӿ˰Цŵ
׺ͽôţһľʮӣ  һԵ˿̿ףɫҲһһ׵ģû뵽˾ȻǶǽ̫˼ˣ




1476֪˼ʲô
 

һ࣡
һĿɿڴǱߵô£
ôڱӣ֮ǰǱߴ绰أھͻ״绰
ҸǱߵ˻˵ЦģҪȻ̫̫ˡ
ΪֵĿ¾ŵˣǶ֪׸˵ʲô
ڿƺڳһչ
Զ
װѵ绰ʱ򿴵׹绰׼һԼ¹ڣȻ׾
ڰֻݸһ̣У뽭Ӧ㲻Ҫ¶ҵݰɣΥɰ
⡭ֽҡҪȻֶɡ
һƬķڶǽ˵ʵϼŵĶ³÷ǳ𺳣
ϼţҵ˵ڵϼµҩҵ˾Ϊǵľṩҩ  ҩʵ̫ˣǵʿǷǳң
ԭϼŵĸʮͷû뵽Ȼǰˡ
֮ǰμӷֵʱҲ˵ϼŵѾǹˣ
ʲôԼŶоһͷĿѣְ  㣬ǸǽҲռͷǺǣҲǫ˵
Ҫ۹͵ĻڹҵĹ׾ǷǳĴġ
ֻƽЩ׿ЩʵΪ˹ܹʢ٣
ϣԼ뿪ط֮ǰܹԼͬϸΪ˶Ŭ  ֶ֮ǰô°
Цŵʵһʼǽһ鱦̵ĻΪ˶࣬жǹҲûֻǺЩҪץţҲųֵġ
Σհֶôνȡ尡˵ȻһŭѦ˵Ȼֽһһ
ԭֻΪЩģڿƷʵǲôӦԵͷˣ
ҲһϾɱˣ˱ܵͷ
ʱǲԣξӦ
̵ģ̰СӸץһλɲС
УԼŰ죬ϾУݣԼɣ
׵Ļһĸм㣬ҪϸĻѦһµεˡ
˼ֽǷ⿪ˣСӽȥOKˣ  ˵̸ţȻ˵ķ˹ȥ˵˵Цˣ
ѦԼı˾ȻӣҲЩ˼飡  ˣϽһѦȥ׼ҥ¡
ž
ֱһӽѦȵһתһٰʮȣȻصˤ˵ϣ  һԿΣҲųǡ
Ұץŭһ
˱ˣǸʲôҿô
Ѧ¶һɲŵ飬ôҲû뵽Ȼһ  һԵȻ֪ʲô飬Ĵָ壬Ŀ氡
ѽѽСŰͺã㿴Ҹ⡭ֶ֮ЩᡣҪֶȡ
ѧˣ֪һ쭣ԼҲǳԲ˶ˡ
װڰֵУ̫ˣɣһеҪȥë̹˹һˡ
⡭ë̹˹ңʱȥ̫Σ˰̵
û£ǱˣЦŵ
ǼȻĻȥ̬һĴ۾  ԣû⣡״һOKƣȻ  Щֹ״˿̻Ҫȥ쫷Ͽȿ
һε֮УջǻȷǸλã  Ȼ˷һʱ䣬ʵӦ׬ȡһЩʱġ
״Ҵҵ˿ͧ뿪˹Ҳ̾һ  壬ô˰ſ̾ӣʵ
һԵЩʵųôǸˡ
ʲôǸ˰˼ֲǼû˵
ô֪ǡЩ˵ôץ˰
ô֪ǣ˼Ǵϰ壬׻ˣΪǼ۵СǮȥǡŭһȻǸǾȡݱ˸ôǾôС
ǡǮҲпǼ˭ǮడǲǣΪ˵
һԵ֪˼ʲô˼ڣ˵˼ȱǮ𣿡
ڣҵθԹԣǹҺûСһһ½սӵ˵ʵ
ϼ˵˼ϼŵĶ³еǮ㷢Լһ㣡
ýΪѦ ʵ˼ֽǰ˴ˣ  ԶȥӣҲ΢΢һ̾ôҲһԵְ
һԵźͻƽ׵ݣ˺ܾãж֪Щʲô




1477Ȧ
 

쫷Ͽȣ  λë̹˹½뺣Ҳʮҵӣ
վ쫷ϿȵĶˣԿһ޼ʵĺ󣡣  ֻһë̹˹ʤأ˿սңﵹԵ˺ܶ࣡  ֻطεòΪĸӣսңԸûΣ
׵ʶѾ쫷Ͽȣ  ˵Ҫľҵ쫷ϿȵĴ
˿̣ˡ顢Ҳǳ׵ߣ  ʦ磬طһͿʵ
׵ͷжϵĲĻӦþط
΢΢ͷ֮ǰʱǺܶǰˣط仯ǺܴġǰҼǵúûϿȰɣ
ϿΪ֮ǰһεγɵġЦŵ
ţӦþططһϤĸоֻľҪȥ𣿡
ƺ̽ףϾطʵ̫Σˣ
鿴˵˵ͷôôѶϰ绹ʲôطȥõģ˵ˣɽ硭
ɽ磿˿Щ𾪡
׵һˣȻЦŵȻ˵ˣҾҲûбҪˡ涼ɽ֮ˡ
⡭ôܣһŵĿ棬ѾųһOͣ  黹Ժ˵ɡЦŵ
΢΢һֲ̾һ˵ôţǲһİ˵Ľ
ǺǣʹȻʹȻҲʼܹΪе·ڤڤ֮עһ㣡  ӦþǰԶ氡
кѣЦһ
ಣ
˿Ѿڿն˻һ⳯ź˹ȥ  ܿ죬ǺǱǿеķָһ㣬ðһص״Ĵ

һ̵
Ҫ˵ΪϤˣ¾ˣȷˣǻûκεˣ
ߣ
ȳȥӰվ˴ϣ˲ʧˣ  ԭֿˮĿʼָԭ·ʲô鶼ûзһ㣡
ˣ
һɫĹâҫ׵һ۾ʱȴǰĳѾǱİˣ  ƺһĿռ䰡
ʲôƺЩֵĿΧ

Щƶ˵ѾһĪľ֮ɫ
ԭЩѾʧȡ֮һر飡
ȷ
ҲһѾɽ绹ûȥأԼĿռ䣬ֱ̫˼ˣ
ӦþǲҪˣҾǰȻǰ֮ǰҲǸܹһ˿ģǴ
ȻϧǸղˣһƣ  ȴ֣׺澹ȻЩˮĸоƺԸһƬռ
һԵĿɿڴĿ׵⡭Ǹʲô
СͰɣҲЦŵ
鿴һȦӣҲǺٺһЦ磬һ֮ͳΪɽȻɽ֮ϣų㲻һȺˣȺ˱֮Ϊ񣡣
ǳ˾ͳƵĿʵ
˵Űˣ˭˾ͳİֻǱҪĸһˣ
һõɮģƺ˾һոСһ㣡  ˸̬ȣԴӸղ֪ɽ֮ˣѾǶűˡ
˵·´һµĴһ㣡
˵ôҲû뵽ɽ֮ԼȻ߶ܹʶˡ
һһģ·ڤڤעһ㣡  濴˵Ժȥɽ磬к֪ܶˡǸҲͲҵ뵽һԡ
ţ棬˼㵱ꣿƺҲͬʱ뵽ˡ
ΪԼ޵УջǱһɱҪһƲлĻ´˿Ѿǻҷˣ  ҳ֮ˣ֮ˣֻҲ֪ǲҼ˵Ļһܹʶ
˿ȫ䱸ȥٴеģ  һ뵽֮ˣ˼Ƥˣֲ˵ط޻أϱߵĵطǿɶ




1478ûг·
 

֮˶֣
˵һıǶǿĸֲܹνţȳְ
в˵ҲգλС˰
ԭЦҲ˿ɫأϾ¹磬ǴҲǴ˰  ʦ磬ҪȻǰȥ̽һ£ӧ
װڰֵһȥˣͬ
ҲǼģûһȥðյĵ
΢΢ҡͷĸһȥΣ̫ˣɣȥ
ˣʱҰţĸ˷ֿߣ벻Ҫ̫׳
ͬʱͷʱѾû̫ˣ  ֮˻ţһطĻôԿ϶ǣ˼Ҵǹƾƨˣ
ĸ˳Զһֵķ˹ȥ  棬ȴ̫̫İ׹ǱɢڹŵΧ  Щ˵ĹԿóΪûе龳İһ
Щôᡭ׳ʵ
΢۲һµӦǴﵽļˣϾ龳ǿҲܹǧѣ
ˣ֮ǰʹһɪ̻ƺҲߣôûټأЩֵʵ
ɪǺǣǼһһˣЦŵҵҪϲ٣ҹҲΪɡ
ԭˣô˵ӦҲˣʵ
Ӧãǿ϶˿˿ףȻָԶһѰ׹ǵҲµûĻǸӦþǣ
þ֮ȣ׶ǸϤҲ֪˽̻Ķֻһġ
ɪҲһѲþ֮ʵģ  ϵЩɽʲôһʲƵĲƸֻϧǣһҲûгȥ̾һ
ռƺǷյģûг·
ҲǵղѾ۲ˣǵʶҲֻܹ̽鵽ԲʮķΧ֮ڣ
ʮһﶼЩƵ˵
׿ɻʵһﶼôܣҵʶſԿʮҵĵط
ܣ
øܣҪ֪ʶ֮Ҫǿ󼸱
ڵǣ׾ȻܹôԶԼȻȴһﶼ
Ҳ𾪵Ŀ׵ǰҴҲֻҵķΧ
˰һҲЩ㲻ˡ
طȷǹޱȣ˵Ȼûгڣ  ֲЩ˶Ŀռ֮У
֪ˡ
ƺһȻ˹ƺ֪һЩʲô  ʵʲô棬֪ʲô˰
㻹ǵ֮ǰùݵ𣿡
˵ѪһӷӦ˹  ҲǵͷĿ԰ҸоЩҾȻܹգ
ңҲоܹգȻܻҲΪ˷ܵ˵
ȥ˷ˣ̾е
Сܱܲôզզİʲô˰ҲǱĺһ
ʦ磡Ҫ֪ɽ缸ܳģȻ֮ܶѪеطȥյԽ࣬ԺİԽ󣬰һҲͲͨ
˵ĻԼоЩ߰ģ˼ʵ׺Ѿˣ
׿˼˵ǴػһԽԽãԺɽİԽ󣿡
ֹɽ簡ûչʦ涼յĻұ֤ԺҪȱװٱǧ̲ʱͿռķ򰡣Ͻİɡ
ԼЩˣ˵  ⡭
ҲЩɫͺ죬һܹװٱǧһ˷ˣ
׳ĺô϶ǺܶģǾô󻹲ǳȥûиоƺһյĿռ䰡
˼һµʵҲûеôɣҲ²ĲǶǹӦþǳ·
ҲôΪҲãЩ˶ŵ棬Ȼ֮ôһطԲһ˼·ˣҾһԡ
һԣЩԥЩδ֪Ķ˲ȷԡ
Ͼؾɽ磬ǿɶһˣ͸Ҫ˵ˣ  Χôİ׹ǣܹ֪ô˶ûгɹܳɹ  ʦ磬ҾҲһԣЩȻ龳֮ˣȴ֮ѪʦӵѪԲһѲߵ
ҵ뵽һ·
棬ʲô취
һҲ˾񣬱ϾطҲǰ취
ȥðգʵҲΣ̫󣬼ܹǹţδ֪ΣҲ̫ˡ




1479İ취
 

棬ĸվһţ
׵˾ô棬طͲûдųȥ⼸ˣ  ԼҲû뵽澹Ȼķܹȥ  ⵹һľϲ
Ҫ֪ײ˵ûаյĻģҪ˵ˣǻǰ˾Ųʮˣ
̵ӣƵ˵棬ʲôʱܲһ㰡
Ǻǣʵܼ򵥣ǾǷɽ硭Цŵ
⡭طܷɽ磿ֻ̬ȵĿ档
搶źⶫ˽ģȻĪ⣬Ҫ֪ⶫ֮Ȼܵκζĸţ
⵹ǣ
Ҳǳ˵ȷƻǲκζĿƣ
˵ǵĳŪĶǳţ  ȷһǰ취İ취׳
ˣ֪㻹кܶûɣЩðղֵá֮Ī⣬ҵȹƶûʮİհ
Ҳǵͷǰʦ磬ҾûһЩȽϺãʵ׽Ҳûʲôģǰɡ
˿˿ףҪ˵Щʲôû˵óڣ  ʵû׽ˣôܹأ  Ȼ֪׵ʲô˿ԥӣ֪׽϶ǻкܶûнģ  ׿桢С飬˵鲻ҪǶ˵ͬҪȥɽΪ˸ʦ𱨳ģҲô׵ľͷˡ
ʦ硭鿴ԥҲ̵
װڰֵС飬֪Ҫ˵ʲôֻҪһĻᣬҲȡһµģ
̾һͬСɣǸմȾ飬ǴҲǴˣ
ǰʦ磬ҵĻԲĻܲܲɣЩ۵
ڰֵ⵹˵һ֧ʵƽܣδһ·
ŶҲȤʵ
ѭĵӦö֪硢ɽ磬ʵһֶѣֻ֮ɽ֮˸оӵأ֮˿ҵɽ֮һ㣬ɵеʱ򣬻Ͳôˡ
濴΢΢һЦ
һԵͷĻ޵ҵȶɽǱýɽǾһ磬ƺô£
һ棬˼ǡ
ҵ˼ǣȻ֮ôһؾžԲԵ޹ʣ
棬˼ƽؾΣ̫ˣҲȷغܶܶ࡭΢΢ҡͷͬ뷨
Цŵһ;ûоԵİȫ벻ȫЩʱǻȴһѣЩʱΣȴһԵ
С飬ûĻҲҪһ̽οѪҾÿһ
׵ǲϣʱģֻҪ϶飬ʮͷţҲġ
ʵҲ֪ʵ̫ΣˣҲɿص̫ˡ
һˣšɵһ˲ͻ
ⲻҪ飬Ҳϣ飡
ֻ֪Ȱ˵ƺûκεô  ̾һðɣʦȻѾȰûˣ
׿Ȼһҳʲô⣬ϣԺȥɽ磬ܹһҵķ˺͵ǡ
ʦ磬˵ʲôɥأۿһ죬Ѿǽ°
濴Ҳ΢΢ҡͷ鸣죬Żûµġĳʲô״ԺǱѣ
ʦ磬ģһµģ
Цŵ˵ؾĪ⣬ʲôԶУҵΨȥΪʡ
ʵҲûбҪ߾ܲܽؾ̽飬δ֪أ
Ҳʼ˵ʲôǼٵģ
鿴׵ʦ磬ͬ
ãǾһ𡭡
Ҳûٽ飬˿ǰһĨ˹ȥ
أ
ֱӳŹŵķɱȥǹ˿δƺ͸Сһȭ棬ûκεķ
С飬ȵһ£ȥװڰֵ
ʵȻһƷĿԶûУôԼ߿϶ǸӵĲˣ  Ҫ֪ʵԼҲڲ֮䣬ǿȥ뷨ѾǷˣ
ǹ֮ʱһɹǿƺٻԼһ㣡
Ѫ
ײ֪Ѫڿŵһɲǣ˾ҵĹ  ڵѪӿڣսĳɱʿһ㣡  ׵ǹŽӴһɲǣһĻˡ




1480ϵ
 

ˣ
ڹŵΧɫĹâ  ҫޱȣ
ǿߣȻܲȰɫĹţֱ˫ڵסǵɫĹâ
ŷſڣֱһӽ׸û˽ȥ
һۿʱȴѾʧԭأ
ʦ硭
۾ɵĹԲоһ׳׵ʧȥϵ
һԵҲĿɿڴĿǰһе⡭ô£ȥˣ
Щ˵֪֪Ҳ֪Ҹʦʧȥϵˣ
ʲôôܣ
һʶ̬ԣҪ֪֮ǿǵѪĹϵ  ȹϵһпܻʧȥ飡  򣬾ȻûĿԣ  ڳˣĸоǾԲܳģ׾ǵĸǰʧġ
ǿܣǿ϶⡭Ҳǵһ
ԺзٵתţϣҵһԼͬӣָҲ  һԵ᲻ΪؾԵʣ
ף˼ʶȻǷƺһ뵽ʲôȻ鳤ϣҾ˵ĶԣؾϾ֮ҵɽ֮ﲻܱȡʧȥпܵġ
ؾ
ҲҰοʵʵϣֻܹˡ
̾һҵʱȵһȰɣϾǿ澿ʲô
Ҳεĵͷ˵Ҳֻһ취ˣ
ͬʱ  һĨŵڲ״˿ȴһĻ֮У  ³ս⣡
ǰ棬ƺҲֻһ״Ĵ󣬳֮Ҳǿռ֮ƯһЩһƬѣ
ʲôط
üͷƺҪ﾿ʲôһط  ǣѪҲͣ
һӵ뵽׵ĶУըһ㣬׸оһͷʹѣ
һԼӣ˿׵ӿֳһĨ֮ɫ  ˭
ĴֿһƬռ֮κ˵Ĵڣ
˭Ǻǣ֪˭С㻹ûʸ񣡡
ӶϣƽԶƮ
ҪȷķȴԼȷˡ
ҲüȻûʸ֪˭ΪʲôҪ˵أ
ǣͦй
ģһӰ׵ĸǰһŵ۵ߣֳŷ  һӶ֪˵ʲôˣҲ˼ϸ֮ˣԥһ㹪ףݼǰ
ףֵҲͨСӵЩҹĿ࿴ǵЦŵ
ǰʵ֪֮ˣҵȻôССһطӦһЩûɵɣ
ʵҲǴ󵨲²⣬֮ǰѾˣһ  Լһ֮ˣֻԵɺ֮»Ĵжѡ
ȹǾϤˡ
֮ǰԼеʱȣѾǳ׵Ӧˡ
ӵɽ紫У֮Ѫ㵹Ҳһ˶ǵƺֻ˵һϡƽ飡
˵УЩֵһᣡ  ׵ͷˣϻ̳Ͽ֣
ǵ΢΢ҡͷȻԵ֮ˣҲûʲôֵóƵĵطСӵҲǴȻ֪ҵ⡭
ǰܹҰǰһĻңҲ֪ǿ߲ܹƥеģ̬ȿһЩҲûġ
㣿˵Ҷ֣
ϵ̲׶ûпóһ˿һĳ
ǾǳĴʵ
ǰܣһС䣬ǰûг֮ǰӦҲǾһɣǰˣڵһﲻǰδȴһ
׵гţʵԼҲ֪˵֮ˣ췽ҹ̷  ֪ԼûмֵｫԼľͷ  ϵзΪۻԼлֻһ
СС߾д˵ǣҲС㣡ܹܵסҵĿ飬
ǵ¶һ˿ǳǳ΢Цֻ˿̵׸̧ͷ
ǰԸ
׹ֵпϲڱȸղѾ˲СĽ˲
ݣݣ  ղڿռ֮ƯƬ״Ư˿Ѿǳ׵ĸǰ  ϵ׳̸ܹ
⡭ǣ
׸оⶫʲôգôգ
ϵӰʧ׵Ļ




1481·Ƭ
 

׶ǰƬ״壬˾Ǳ߷㶣
ΪʵǸ㲻ʲô  ̫˰⵽ʲô⣿ϵأ
и̲ѣϵʲôûиԼʧˣ  ôһ䲻׵ĻԼôȥŪ  ׵סһ״壬΢΢ı۾
ʱһһĹȥˣҲ֪ȥ˶೤ʱ䣬׺Ȼ۾
ⶫȻܹԼоʱĿ
׵һһʼĲ֪ĸܵⶫ棬ҲǷ˺ܶı仯  ÿԼ״ʱͷƺԼ·֪ʱţ  һʼײδע⵽ЩⶫĲѰ
׺Ȼ֮ǰʱЩһЩ飡
ܹ֮֮ΪΪѾʱͿռԼ  ȻʱͿռԼôԶ׼ģѾƿʱͿռ䣡
ܵʱĲǻ᲻ʱйأ
Ȼʣ
ƺҵһЩţҲ֪Ҫ׵ⶫ϶ǲܵģ  򣬳ΪΨһҪ飡  ײ֪ǣռŵľɽ֮Ϊʱ䷨ƬͿռ䷨Ƭ
棡  ļ٣׽ȥѾпʱˣɾȻһĶûУ
Ҳ֪׵ǻ  ͷŵĶһЩõ뷨
֮ǰ涨һ£һµʱײĻǾİ취
ڰ궼ȥˣƺҲûκεİ취
鳤ϣȥˣӦô죿
ϾˣҲ֪
鿴˿棬˵Ӧöʦȵİɣ
Ȼ˵ͷ
鿴˼Ȼ˵Ļһ֮롭
鳤ϣҲû˼˵޷
ʦʲôʱұʲôʱȥҲ֪ҸʦĹϵ
鳤ϣҾȥһ취
һԵҲǵ鳤ϣ֮ǰһЩ飬Ӧþȥɣҵ˶ߡ
ɣôɣҵҪȥҲֻİ취ɽ磬ǻ籣ʦļˣ
΢΢һ̾鳤ϣҵҲҪ涨һޣ࣬ҵȴҲܹĺȲǣ
Ϻȣ˼ҵз
鳤ϣ֪أҵȾٴθɺҲǸ취ɣҵһУһߵȺΣ
濴鵽ʱ䣬Ǽ˷棡  ʱȥˣ䲻  ȻԸ׳£ĳˣǾɵǾԲһ취  ˿Ҳǵͷ鳤ϣҲͬ׳ϵĽ飡
Ȼ˵ĻȶУߵȺǣ
΢΢һ̾鳤ֺο˵ִţɣ֮꣬ûѶǡ
ãǾڵ֮꣬ʦ绹û䣬ҵȵʱ˵
黹ǽܲʵʵûȥһ죬˿׵ϣСһ֣  һԼҲ֪ĺģûа취Ѿˡ
Ψһ֧ȴȥģҲֻ׵ˡ
֮оͲҪȴ
˵ʵԴ׵ĸ鲢࣬ȴһǵˣ
˿̹֮ڵ׻һ¶֮ڣ
״ƬΪһ壬Ҫȴ쳣ѣ
״Ƭʼš
ʱ䣿ռ䣿ʱ޳ռ޴󣡼Ȼ˵ĻôʱҲ޶̣ռҲСˣ
ײϵĿʼ˼ʱռĹϵԺ֮Ѿγһķλ  ϵԭֻõ巽λƺЩʵʵĸо  ء
ƺЩˣʱͿռ俴޹Ķʵȴ൱ϵ  ƿһƬռ䣬ռ֮еʱԼ֧䣡
ⲻԭ
ʵϣʱͿռԭղܹ͡
ֻһƷֻһ̶ʱȺͿռȣٿأ
׿ʱ޳Ҳʱ޶̣ռˣ
Ҳ˵ڰʵϾΪʱͿռľԡ
ӵ֧䣡
ͨһ㣬ƺоԼһЩʲô
˿̣ܻһռ䣬ʱ䷨ƬͿռ䷨Ƭռ֮ڡ




1482λػ
 

ʮʱ䣬һζ  £  ƺһоǵָһӼ䣬׶û뵽ʱ侹ȻôĿţ
֪ǣ潹ȴˣѾļ٣
ΪģԲʮڣƺһжƿ֮У  ռ֮еķƬָһ㣬Ŀʼɢ׵֮У
֮򣿣СһﾹȻ֮򣿡
Զһ˫۾Ķף˱Ǹղź˵λϵ
ϵĨһ˿ʣƺ׵ıû뵽ġ
ʵϵԼҲ֪֮ûôĸӣΪֻ˵ҪľʱͿռ䷨
ΪȸӶּ򵥵̬ֱʱͿռΪʼһε  ײϵȡռ֮еķƬϵҲ¶һ˿οЦݣ  Ƽ
ҵԼƺѾʱ䣡  ϵƺǵһվǱߣһĿ
ʮꡭ
ʮꡭ
һꡭ
ꡭ
ʱûһͣԼĽŲ˿̾Ѿȥ꣡
꣬ŶǸоһս
ʱ׻˫ۣںϵ鷨Ƭռ֮еķƬոɾ
ǰ
׿ԶһƬ֮ʱռƺ۵ף
ʵҲѾ龳۷壬оֻҪԼ룬ʱԷɽ磡  ֻоӵĴݺ͵ˣһжĿ֮У  ԤĻҪһЩϵЩ˵
ⶼǰָ㣡
׹֪ܹõλϵ˵ۣѾ൱ˣ  ֮ˣʲô֮أ
ϵҲ̰ڰֵҿûָ㣬ֻû뵽㾹Ȼܹڶ̶̼ʱ֮ʵе㵱ҵķɰ
֮򣿡
һͷˮĿϵϵ˵ʲô  ϵ׵֮֮еı־һ羹Ȼܹд˳ɾͣʵ˾̾Ժͻ֮ĺôˣǺǣ
ǰ⡭⵽ǸʲôЩɰʵ׵˼
ϵ΢΢һЦ˵ˣԼˡɽ磬˭ҪɱҲôˣ
ǰǲͨĿˣЩϲʵ
ǺǣŸղӦҲܵʱ䷨Ϳռ䷨˰ɣֻҵһЩѣգ㵹Ҳҵİͽˣ
ϵ˿ף˼˭Ҳ²͸  ǰʱ䷨Ϳռ䷨ȷΪҲǵͷ
ϵһȻˣѾռڵķƬڲؾܿͻܹ磬ǵʱ򻹻ټ
پۣǰ֮ǰ˵¡׿ϵһ㵵ʵ
ȷһҪϣ˽Ϊˮ磬ǵ˴ػλ֮һô˵ɣԼĪķ֮һ񼶸ֽǳԴ˽硭ϵ˵
ʲôôܣ׵ɫ¶ֹס֮ɫ
û뵽һССˮǣķ֮һĸ־Ȼǳ
С󰡣  ϵ׵ϵ˲õ֮ˣҲ˱ˮػλ棬ˣҲҵػλļ̳ˣ
ػλ棿ǰ˵ʲô˼һʵ
ϵֶҲøо֣ʵ˸λ棬ÿһ֮ػԺͻ֪ˡֻһ䣬ԸԸΪˮػߣ
ˮػߣǰҲ֪ʵ΢׿ϵ
ϵź΢΢һЦҵֻǸѰҼ̳ˣܲػסǾҪԼıˣ
Ӱ  û뵽ǰϵȻԼôһ֣λػߣ  һĲаʵ˵ɽˣҲ˵Լ޵У  ػλ棿ⲻǳô
׸Ҫܾ˿ϵѾǳҸ㣬ֻҪػˮλ棬ʱȥ벻ĺôСӵʱ͵ְɣǻᣬǲܰˣ
ǰ⡭Ϊλػߵ˼ǲλ¾ǰɣɻʵ
ϵͷҲǲһΪλػߣɴλ֮䣬κεơȻˣҲˮλ桭
ʲôκεƣһ̼ʵ
ҪȻΪһܹ֮ߣɽ֮˶ܣҸӲˣһʧȥλػߵݣʱ̻ᱻ͵硭
ϵȥûһ˿ıˣļ֮飡
״˿Ҳˣ˵ʵڲɽ磬ҪľǷĲˮˡ
ȻһλƵջôܲĶأ
ҴӦ
׺ԥĴӦϵüëһһЦƺһıóѵĸо




1483½ѵϵ
 

Ĺ֮ڣ  ףҲӦýˡ
ϵжһһĶȥ޻ƺֻһͨƶѣ
ǰػ
׿ǶѾƯԼĸǰҲЩƵʵ
ϵĿ׳۾ѪѪ
ҲֱȡԼľѪʲϵ֮ϣ
ˣ
׵ľѪʱԼƺѾΪһ壡
ģָоϵţƺˮÿһضƿ֮С
ǰⶫ氡׿ϵҲЩ㵵˵
ϵ׵ӣȻЦ˼ϵڽˣ
ǰǡƺһϵƭĸо
ϵ׺ٺһЦôˣҵİ࣬۰
ۣ
ԭΪԼʲôһ㣬ƺ
ϵǳȥһоԼƺһʲôһ㣡  ǰ⡭ʲô˼Щʵ
˵һʺĵط꣬ʲôоϵƵĿ˵
ꣿǰ㲻˵ɴˮ𣿡ɻʵ
ղϵԼ׿ڸԼ˵ɽˮصİôƺôأ  ȷǿɴ󣬿Ѿ˽ƣ˽Ӱ࣬زȥϵ˿ϸֳһ˿˷ܡ
ôˣһǿԵİɣֻҪѪͺˣ׿ϵЩɻʵ
һΪѪôĺҵİҸ㣬ݣѪĻˮǲ֪²ܹһѪˣ
ϵƺЩԹ˿˷ܣ  ׿ϵƵǰǿҵİɣ
СӾ֪ɣӵػǾλػߣֻҪɽһ󣬵ʱͿˣɽûܹƵ֮ˣֻԺҪе鷳
ϵ̾һ
磿Ƕ֪µˣ˵ˣ˲ζûдﵽʱ̸Ϊʱˡǰҡ˶˰
ƺ뵽һص⣬Ȼ֪Լ˶ã֪϶ʱǳĳˡ
ǰӦҰɣϵ΢΢һЦ
ꣿá
׵һѾ֮Լĸĸǿ¶Ѿǲˡ
ϿɻԼȥذ
һ˶Ȧˣ갡ֱжأ
ôˣϵ׵
ҲҲǰЦҡ֮ǰм׽磬ԡ׳
Ǻǣ޷꣬ʵҲ͹˲ѣ
ϵ΢΢һЦʱǸɽ׽ࡣ
ꣿҲһ
ֻʱĻôһлвȵĻᣬҪĹĻôֱӾͷˣ
СӣƬԺɽһڣҲǰɽһڣߵĴѾúˣôķ
ϵ׵ӣжһ
׽ӹϵĶϵлǰ
ȱæлң֮ҲԵһЩſһ㣬ҲԺһЩ·ɣ¼˺ܶĶпԼо
ϵƺЩ̣ԥһóһ򣡣  ׿ϵӵǰպ󶨵ǰݷǰ
ҲգĿɷ񣬵ʱȻԸӦҵϢϣǿټһ죡
ϵ赭д˵˿ѾǻʧƬռ֮У
˲䣡  һ񱩵ĺ֮Ȼ
ռ俪ʼ漴һĨų׵ʧһټĴ֮⣬ҲûκεĶˡ
ϵʧƺоһĿ䣡
Ȼദʱ䲻Ըоó߸ϵǿߣʵûеô£  ʵԼһҲһѪˣֻǵʵȽϵǿѣ
λػߣ  ϵƺ뵣ΣԼӹҲ֪Ǻ»£
һ㣬׾Լ  ǾǿʱصĻصԼĹ磬ǰǾǲ˼飡  ڣһѾǳˣ  ʦ硭
ǵŻʧӳĲǱˣ飡  ˿̵дŵľһ𾪺Ͳ˼飡
꣬ʵѾʧȥϣ




1484ֵ
 

ʦ磬Ҿ֪û
ʱȻЩӯȻԼĸǰʱһӱQ
֮ǰһֱϥǱߣûһԵķǳĲ
ЩһЩʣһЩ
ֻѾʧˣ  Ȼû˰èģоأ֪ԼѾкöûи˼ˣ
񼸸һֲ׺ɣĸо
ʱЩ˵ʵ滹Ǳܼ尾ģ
׶˵ش󣬸ο˻֮أ
ûͺãûͺðҲ˫ۣ˿жһݵȻʹݣ
գľһεţ˵ʵڵ츳ѾȫԽ֮ǰԼˡ
鿴׼ʦ磬ôһȥôʱ䰡㻹֪ɣЩ˶ѾǷɽˣ
ˣ
ǽһưô˾Ȼˣ
ҲǣôʱˣôԴĻǻˣ  ţҲˣֻҸ治㣬һֱߵţ
ֵܣһҵҲЩԵɺϣЦŵ
ʦ磬ҷһЩ仯ˣƺҶЩ͸ˣЩɻ
Ҫ֪ʶǿǺţģףѾǷǳܹ˵ˡ
ӵ֮һɽ֮ˣҪ͸ǲ̫ܵ顣
׽ЩʱһԵ涼澪
Ǹǿߣλػߣ鿴׾ֵ˵
ǰϵʵ̫ǿˣô˵ɣǰ˲һ˿ͷ̾һ
λػϵ˵ɽˮش󣿡𾪵ʵ
˵ӦģҼڶɹ٣ֻҪҲ뿪ʱҲǿԲ뿪ġ׵
û뵽СС磬Ȼܹ֮ػڿλϵӦþǵɱǸˣ
Цһ֪ô˼Ҷʦˣ⻹ʦȥ𲻳ɣ
Цŵ棬ʵ㷴룬Щʱδؾһ¡ʵɽʵѾˣȴлٳ߸ͷһ⵹Ҳһ°
ǻᰲοˣȷӵġҲݸһЦ
ǻȳȥ˵ɣȥˣһжѾ˷˰鿴׵
˸УϾȥôˣںЩ˿Ѿˣ  ׿Цŵ޷һ꣬治һѣҲ͹һʱɡ
ʲô⡭澹Ȼܹٿʱ䣿濴𾪵ʵ
氡ʲôֵҪ֪ʦ˵ǿߣ֮һʱͿռ䷨ˣٿʱ˵ֱ練ƣ
׵ͷǰЩĴܵȷǷǳˣߵʱ̫ˣ浽ʲô֪أǻȳȥʲôɣ
һд뿪쫷ϿȵǴѾǱ׸
񼴱֪⣬Ҳǲܽˣ
Ϊλػߵףˮ˵ֻˣ
Ҳ֪ǰɽѾü޵ˡ
ô˶ʼɽˣٲȥĻµʱ򼴱ЩΣգԼҲûа취вˡ
ԼõϵһЩֻҪɽ㣬ɴɽˮ磬⵹ҲһĺϢ
SʡQУ
ײûȥطǵһʱصQУ  ʧ˽ʱ䣬ԭĻѾˣּ֮˶һƬ֮У
׵ͻȻʧ٣ּ¶һĿֻţ
Ҫּ֪ģʵϾΪ׵Ĵڣ
׵ĸĸ硢ȵڵˣÿ춼׵ֻ绰ϣһܹϵϣ
ʵʵ̫пᣬϵϣ  ֮ǰ׼³ȥһʱ϶ǻ˵ģһشҲġ
һΣԼõĻڣûа취  κˣʱ򶼻˼ˣ
ԭ׷ǳģҲ֪׵һˣ׵Ļ񣡣
ΪʧĺܳףѾȥˣѶ
ϼʱ޿̶ڸ״ŵ绰ÿһεĵ绰ȥоԼһĳ˹ȵ֮С




1485ͻȻľϲ
 

أּң  Сϰˣ
˺÷ԼδŵϱҲΪĹⲻȥ
ּѾˣԭϲصѾǲˣȡ֮ǳ棡  صķǳãŹ˺÷Цŵ裬˵ģֻǳȥֲǲˣ
ˣСһϢûУҡ
˺÷ȻҲϣԼĶû£֪²̫ˡ
ûµĻʱôһ绰ؼأ  ϿŹ˺÷裬ף϶ûµġ࣡
СϰҲȰ㣬ҲǿТģǸúӰ㻹ᡭ˺÷ĨһᣬۿѾֹסĺˡ
̵裬һ򲽽ĳˣҲĶϱһТϵġ
Сϰ㡭Ǻοأ˺÷̾һеı˻ֻԼ֪ˡ
Ҳۿһ죬ʵϣҲһƬı
ʱ䣬һ绰ûУ˭Ҳܲĥ
ǣƺÿһ춼һּ尾  ǶôܹţͻȻһ׾վԼĸǰ  ʵѾ˱أֻԭ׼ģϸԼĸ׵ĻȻоԼЩԲסԼļˣ
ΪԼһʱ嶯һĻ⽫Լһӵź  ֨
űƿˣΪǼ˭ˣʶ̧ͷһۣ  ɵһԼ˼ҹεӰȻԼĸǰʱһ׻һĶˣ
˺÷ʧǵӣҲǵСϣô˰
ҲͷʱҲסˣ  Ȼˣ˺÷ƺҪϺһЩǾһСףǡǡ𣿡
裬ңһˣԲǵˣ
Ҳǿ첽Լϵķ˹ȥϽ
㡭Сӣȥ˰ˣһϢûУͲܸԼ绰㿴Щˣһ챻
˺÷Уᴹֱ£˷ܡļ尾ƺһӷй˳  һԵϸǲܲˣֱӳ׵ķ˹ȥһֻҪ׵ĻУ
Ͽ׵һ̣ǧ˼ƺһӻΪУ  ҡҾ֪϶ûµġء
ϿˣЦſ޵ģ޵ĺܿģ޵ĺʹ죡
ˮ·˵Լļ尾ˮԼ˼
׾ôϣĴϵĺԲСϣ
˺÷СӣҲԾ˳ȥ  һ֮
ϵĿֹסˣҲ¶һ˿Цݵȥ˰
һЩ飬ѾˣЦŵԺĽ
ţջһ۰ɣϿЩ۵˵Щʹ硢Ϊ飬һ˶ˡ
СϣʵҲû뵽ôʱ䣬֪Ӧǰһˣ
˵ʵԼҲû뵽ôʱ䡣
ʵ֮ǰһΪЩܿ춼ܹģǳţ  ûû£ֻҪͺˣ̽Լָͷ׵촽֮ϣʾײҪˡ
ײһе飬ȻЦŵ߰ɣ
ȥû뵽׸յҪߡ
ȥQСЦŵҲӦóﱸһ»˰
ﱸջôżﰡҺ޼һɫһ
ЦŵСϣҶôˣڵ𣿡
ɡǰְֺʹǻûмأҲǳϲ֮飬Ҳ֪׻кܶ˶ûмء
Цŵǿҽ飬±ʲô˰ɣ˵ˣʹ绰ҰֺҸˡ
ǡǾȥɣЩֲִףҲ΢΢ͷ
˴һ⳵Qеķֱȥ  ׵ҲǹⲻȥԭӦ˵ĸϽ飬˼һȾʱ䡣
һʵҲûʲôеļ尾׾붼ܹˡ
ԣϿʼ  QУҸһǹ˾
Ҹһǹ˾Qţĸ߶˶ƻ칫˾ˡ
QУܶͷ˼аϲ£ǹ˾ơ
ȻˣǵշҲǷǳİ
ͷܶ˵صǲ¹󣬾·񲻵λ
ֻҪܹЩӣǶ໨Ǯ˼Ҹں
һεĻҲûд㾪̫ˣҪ΢͵һЩ
ϾʶˣʵЩ̫䶯




1486ŷ쿴˵ĽӴԱ
 

ӭҸһ죡
׺˳⳵Ȼʹſڽȥˣ칫˾Ȼͦߴϵġ
һİٶƽȫ칫˾ġ
˵ģǿΣ֪Ƿǳĺˡ
Ҳڳ⳵˵칫˾QõģԲߵġ
ʵϳҲѡһң  ϵֻŸ׽飬ųʲôģǲں
Ҫ֪׵ݣҪŪʲôųûأ
ȴãԵᵽԼ׼򵥲ٰһ»ʱҲͬˡ
ֻϲ֪ǣټ򵥣Ҳ̫͵ġ
νļ򵥣ҲǲЩ׵˶ѣĸô컹Ҫôģ
ֻûн飬Ҳ֪Ӧʲộֻܹ칫˾רҵĵطˣ  ׸߽ʱԭվӴԱһûпһ㣡  ʱһȥʮŮĳ׵ķ˹  λˣǺãҸһ칫˾ҶܸΪ񣡡
ҶҸһ칫˾ˣְոհҵʱ䡣
ԭ׸һֲӴģΪǵĽӴйصġ
˵ÿһˣҶġ
Ǹղ׸ų⳵ģһӾͽǵĵΣ  ЩҸһ칫˾ϽӴǣһΪǻ۽𾦣Ҳֵ֪ӳɹĿԷǳС
ʵ˲ֵܹõҶֻҶǰ˸ûг˼  ҶΪһˣҲҪģϾ˰ȻҲѧôȥˣ  ҶϾˣղվʵΪ˱Σ  ãǴڽ飬Ҫ˽һǵĻ칫˾Щײ͡׿ҶҲ΢΢һЦ
һԵԥһ£Ȼ׵ͦİղ濴һ˽˶Ҫʮ򣬺˰
ʵô˵ҲΪǮ⣡
Ҳ֪˵ôһǮʵС˼Ҫ֪͸ԼɩӵĹɷݾͼֵʮڣ  ô˵ȫΪ֮ǰ˽ⷽ飬Ϊ˽ҲһǮ͸㶨ˡ
ǺһЩģ߰Ҳ͸㶨ˣ  ղһʮ˽˶ƣΪ۸Ŀеļ۸ʵЩоЩף
Ҿ˵ɣ˸ܹǹ˾ˣ
ٺ٣㣬Ҹ㶼ûгȥǻ׼Ӵһ˰ɣ
ŮĳĵͦÿģϧΪʲôνİ޸һ⵰ˣ
ҶɵȥӴɣǸˣ۸۸˭
ǼӴԱǱ죬Ȼ󣬿ȴüͷ
ﶼˣΪԼ۹ⲻܴⲻ֪ˡ
ôĻ칫˾ȻĽӴԱΪҵʵû˵
ȴҲһʶҶܣһ°ɣ
õҸϸĽһ£Ҷ¶һ˿ְҵԵЦݵ
Ȼ֪ɹĿԲ󣬿Ҳ֪ԼѾڸ˷ˣòҪеġ
ϺҶ˵裬ȻЦŵ֪λĿеļλǶ٣
λǺǣޣΪ˵
ޣ
ҶҲһ㶣ԭΪ׻˵ģû뵽һﾹȻôװ
ͷСҪҲģҶ΢΢һ̾
ûûУɣȸǽɣ۸ҵûУϿ˿ףȻҶ
ģĿǰǹ˾͵һײײͣеĶQбص̨ĽĿˣͦеεģ
ҶһϵĻ̽һ۸˵
ղǸʮײʲô׿Ҷʵ
ʮǸǸ쳤ؾײͣǻһ֪ˣȻһЩǹ󣡡
ҶҲְҵԵĽܵȻҲ֪ײһ˸ò  ߼۵ģ׵ʵ
Ǻǣ˵Цˣʵʲôļ۸ṩʲôķ񣬾һǧǶԸ뵽Ӧʲôģ֤ĵΣҶЦŵ
Ļ˼һֻҪǮӣ
ʵ֮ǰҪշԼģҲ֪һշȥ죬¾ûа취ճˡ
շᵽʱŪݣ¶ݳˣ
䡭
һƵſһZ4ͣ档
һһŮӿȥеȣԱǸŮ˵ĳ൹ǲ
˻ûнţ֮ǰǸĽӴѾǰͰ͵ܵſڣһū׺Ͻʱ򣬼ֱ֮𰡣




1487޶
 

Ҹһ칫˾
Ҷ̧ͷ˿Ǳ߽ˣҲǿĲ⣬Ȼ׵ײĺʺӣҪһײͻһӣһɫİµϣ
ţͦõģף˵أϿ˿ףЦŵôУȻ׼죬ҲôɣǺǡ
ʵνģϿ׵
ڴֻԼ޸ףּݻĻ
׸ԼĻ񣬿ɾô֮ƺЩѾʧȥȤ  վԼĸǰоһжˣ
˵ˣǶ໨ǮĺһЩʵҲǷǳĴ޷ǶõĺһЩѣ
ҶЦŵβߵĻǻһŵײͣQе̨ͷƣ鳵һɫı۽ͣȫ̸٣
ҶȥǱߣɳһ£
Ҷո˵ʱǸЩNɪĳҶķ˹  ۸Ҳ۸ˣԭԼĿˣѾҶˡ
̸ĵطȻҲҪռ  ƺƽʱ۸Ҷ۸ϰˣڿȥȻӣ·һоӦõġ
㣬߿˻һͺˡҶ㣬Ҳ̫
֪ȥǱ߿˿ĿǺײͣ˵
˼ǲѵģ׿㣬Цһ
ҿɲ˼ֻǻطϹһ˿ЦݣֻȥЩӣ
Աߵӿϣ۾Ҳһ
㿴ǰ޵ӵʵ
ˣǾԱ޵΢΢һЦȥͦʿġ
ֻû֪ǿƯҪϵĸǰһ£  Щ˾ˣǲԼŮˣǿƯģҲ鲻ԽŮ˵ĸǰԼʵ
޶ҪȻطɣվǸ޵ԱߵŮȻҲƯǸȣвСĲġ
ԼʱʱĶһۣܵЩ˵
Ǿߣ޶Ѿķбϡ
ǸŮҲ  ҶԭҪ˵ЩʲôģԼƺһҲûʲôˡ
Щʱ򣬽ӴԱͿͻһģ
ôֺΪʲôӴһǮ  Ҫ˼һ̸ĵӶǼʮģҶ̸ļǮģñЦ
ԣҶ͵һ̸ˣ־ҶҲܽеġ
֮ǰһԼӴĿ̸һģӲıԱһҪʮӵ˸ˡ
Ҳûа취ǵĻ칫˾ӿνǲʤö٣
ͷܶͻԸǮһϥûǮһг
ҶʵЩЩʱǺܱġ
Ϊڳ˵ʱѲɾû뵽㳰ʮ֮һ
˼ûǮֻĿˣɲЩӴԱġ
ֻܶӴԱ벻ףΪܣΪ٣
ǰɣ޶ͳһ۸񲻷Ƶ̣Ȼȼʼ  ֪Ҫʲô͵Ļ񣿡ΪSʡݻĻ˽˶ƹ˾ܹҪ󣡡
Ҹһ֪ģľһ߶ҪȻĻҶˣҵǲô˽鰡ǵʲôײͣ
޶Ʋһ׺ϣȥǫţܸһֹԹԵĸо
㿴˿ҶǱߣȻǸܲʺ
Ϊʲôʺң޶ȥһʲôҲӡ
Ҷ޶ҲӣҲĨһ˿Ĳ죬Ƿ  ⲻǰ˰ԼĿ˸Ū
ʵҶԸоóԼǰ˻пܳΪǱڿͻġ
Ҫ֪һ˵ײ͵Ŀͻôɰٷ֮ҲһǧٶǮİ
ܹȥһʮײ͵ĻһµĹʾܹõˣ
ֻҲ֪ϾǷǳٵġ
һʮ򣬳رǮģ˭Ը⻨Ǯأ  Ҹղ˵ǿҸһײͣ
٣ײͣǲղŽŵʱ˵Ǹ͵ײͰ޶һǹİ  ѽ޶ֲ˭ǼôǮġһ޶ԱߵǸƲһ仰ʵϼ޶ģ
ֲ޶ȢŮŮҲǻʱƵְ  ׿˿Ҷɫͨ죬ƺһʱֵܣǼɣҽܽǿʮġ
ֻǲװѣҪװˣöһ￪ʼ




1488˭ȥ
 

ʮģ
ҶҲһѲԼˣ
һ־òܣϾԱߵŮȥǳʵĶоЩҧ
Ҷ֪˿Ե׻Ǯˣ  ʮģ
һԵ޶Ҳһû뵽һﾹȻһ˵˾ʮһġ
ʵ֮ǰҲ˵ˣʮǿνǺţ֡
˵Ƕܹü֣ȻǵһߣȴҲ켫һʱ֣
һιҲΪ˿ʮģû뵽Լ׼һȴһһ  㿴޶ɫһ䣬ЦŵʵҲûʲôģѯʵҲײ͵˻ûм
ԭǺǣҽҲһĿģΪ˿ʮײͣҪǺҾͶˣ޶Ǳ΢΢һۡ
ƺһֱڹעϣɴͷβϵĿƺûгһۡ
ղ˵ʮײ͵ʱŮ˶ûо㵣ƺУ  ޶¶һ˿ЦݵûбҪŪôðɣϾһ׺װѾһǧٶأ
Ҳ̫Ǯ˰ɣ鲻Խ˵
޶ƺ˵΢΢һЦ˭ҵŮأҾҵŮ˾ӦĴ˵ˣһѣһǧС˼
ģ
һ޶ĵõ˼㣬һεĳϵķ˹ȥ  ϧǣ˼һûгԼһۣ
㵹Ǻϵ˵Ҳͦİɣ
Ǽ޶ƽʱǺܵ͵ģ߰쿪һ˵ĳأ
Ů˷ǳĴ֪޶Ҫʲô  ʵֲɵԼǶһԵǸŮ֪޶Ҫ԰ڡ
Ŀ˵Ե޶ӵˡ
ҵθ찡ߵô࣬ôΪһǵһμ
Ҳϴ˵֮ˣھҪ޶²̨  ֻҪʱԼһǩǵ˻һˣ  ޶΢΢ֵǺǣҪ͵ó˵û˼ˡ
̵Ҳ͵һµ
޶ЦŵǰɣʮǸײҸղŴԵĿһ£Ͷɡ
𣿡
˷֮ԱǮɰ  оԼʵ̫ˣҪԼղŹⲻȥӴ׺Ļأ  ˵ӦҶģڱԼˣ
޶Цŵ㿴ҵǿЦ𣿾ʮ򣬵ҲǷҵۣ
ǣȥúͬ˷ܵʵ
ȥɣ޶ʼմһŵЦݣʱʱĳϵķš
ҶǱߣ  ԭҶҪ׽ܵģҪ˵ȴһεȣ  ҶԼΪΣڽҲǣҲǣ  ֻҪûҪʮĻ춨ƣǾͶ
ιǣʮײͺܲţһҲôһΣ᲻ûǮ
޶ʮײ֮ƺûһĳ׵
׿һ޶ȻҸǮ
һ׵ĻҲǿһЦǵأòûǮûйϵɣΪǣ
ô˵ذϹǺǣҲǮʵô˵Ҳǹģ޶ǵĵжԹϵ
ҲųֵһֻıȽϵΣ  ޶һ̣ʵһĶ֣һﻹΪԼôأ  ǺЦԼܺԼҵ鲻Ǹʶ𣿡û˵
ûǮûǮװʲôβǣ򲻸ʾ˵
Ǯ˵ĵͬǮʵҲŮ˵ĵ  Ϊʲô˵ôеΪԼҵţ
Ǯ
κǰ˵ʮˣ  ֻƺ˶ˣ  ϿϱǮ˶ȥˣˣǮҲûʵˣ
Ӵι̸ʣʸߣᣬԽԽᣡ򲻸ʾ˵
׿޶ȥ
ܳ˭㣿ǹȥǸЦ޶ЦһQиҸô˵˻ûмأΪطǼҿİҵҪ˭ȥ
˿̣޶еĲվһԲϾҪ׶֡
λλ
ʱһӳط˹󻹸źͬ㡭




1489ֱӵ
 

㣬ʲô˰Ȼҹȥʲô
޶ŭɶĿ׺ϣһԵŭ
ԼҪѾʮͲܹǣԼ
һԵҶ˳ͻҲһ˵ʱվϰ塭
ô°С
˵Ҹһ칫˾ĴʼˣҲϰ٣
ΪԼĿͻҲûκεİ취  ֻܹѷŭ׼һԵҶˡ
ղڰ칫ңǸС˵ȻǩһʮĴӣҲһ˷ܣ
ʮײͣƳѾһµʱ䣬Ҳֻһ  ׳ڶȻǷǳӣǩԼ
ֻû뵽Լյߣ˶ˣ
Ǹܣǿͻ֮䷢һСĦҶЩľս˵
ϾҸһ칫˾QĲҶһʼɼҲ߰ǧǮġ
QУΪһרҵŮ˵ʵѾͦˡ
һһӵĻʱһпܵġ
ԣҶǳںԼĹ
޶żٵǰɣ鲻̫ãһҹҪȻͬҲǩˣ
⡭˵һơ
֪ԼܹôһҪǴȥĻԺ˭ҵǻ칫˾  ˭Ǯ˭ǴүҶǱϲ¹ģ˭ϳȥ˵ȥ  ˵˵ʲôֻһҪ󣡣ҪôǹҪô뿪޶Ļ֮гв  һԵݺݵĵһ׺ϣѼӷˣζըˣ  ϰԱ߽ҲҲ죡
ܣ˵ɣײ˸ôһСͻڣڰ
ƣ
ǼҪ飬ʵЩ᲻ôһԼĸǰߡ
Ҳ֪ƽϢܵŭ𣬽϶ûûˣ  ϹȻ˼ҼܶˣڸһʶɣҲһȰο
ΪһεĻҲǲģ
޶һλôǮһ칫˾ôܹأ  Ҫ֪ǸղŽ֮ǰĿɾǻʮҡ
һߵ˽һ˵ʵӦøлŮء
ҪŮ˼޶ĺʤĵĻԼҲ񲻵ˡ
ŮԼҲˣҾʮײҲˣͦġ
аɣڼܵϡ޶һϾʮǮҲ˲١
ͷ˭ǻĸӣ  ˼ϰԼӣ޶Ҳֺˡ
ҲһȻ׺ϵλ
칫˾׿ż
˵ʲô
ΪԼˣЩĿףԼ˹˾
ⲻǳô칫˾һӯǧ򰡣޳˹ɱʲôģӯҲܹﵽϡ
ֱһ½𵰵ĸ
һﾹȻԼĹ˾ûвôأ
˾һεʵ
޶һԵ㶼סˣû뵽һ￪ھȻô˵
޶Цһװëװǲ֪˼ҼܲİһףΪǱŴİ
ôһżٵۣ
ҡ˾΢΢ҡͷ
ǧ򣡣׺һ֣һĻ֣  һԵļжǿһ£ʵ˾ֵǮǧ۸ǵλˣ
ٿ΢΢һЦ߿Цˡ
ǧ򣡣һεĳһԵϵǵĺܣûκε
Ҳ֪ղǰƺЩŭףҪȻǲġ
˵Ҳʿˮ
׿żٵǧ򣡣
ˡǧ򣿣ŵöЩ˵ˣѯʵȷûиҿЦ
˵ܣ㶺ˣҲţҪһسӶѣΪܹõóǧ򣿡
޶ЦһóôǮ
׳
λԸǧҵȻˣһ
ٿף֪һһЩǮƽʱȴµġ
׿ż΢΢һЦͬ⣬תˣʱʣ
ҶĻ׳氡һô˵ҲЦе˵ֻҪתˣе̰
ˢɡ
׵жһп˿һζ˶ߣһԵҶǸѾŵЩ겻ĸо
Ƕ޶ǸˣƺҲǸܵһ˿ĲԾֻںǿš




1490Լ
 

Ҹһ칫˾  ׵п˷ܵĳˢǱȥ  ܿ죬һʽף  ǧֵʱҲϣתܹ̳ɹ
׵ппɶⱸ֣һֽתпϲʵ֣пϾԵˡ
Ž׳ɹʾܿٵֻϾʾһϢ
пһӶ˰ǧ򣬴˿̵Ѿӵʲһ۲۵ˣ  ʵڼ˵һ׬СӹĻǷǳ̹ġ
һӱչ˹˾ó˰ǧ÷ǳĻ㣡  Ҳ˵ǧʵһʼǧʱúܻˣǧֱǰװ׬ġ
ˢ꿨˳ĳ׵ķ˹ȥ
˿̵ļٱȸղѾ̫̫ˣһпѾ֤Ĳ²⡣
ǰȥôˣһ͵Ĵ
һԲϾͰԼĵˣԼоЩ첻ģ  ⡭հٴ˿̲ԼȻ֪˼ҵ֣  ׿żף
ܣ¸ֵãҵѾˣЦСȻһͰʦǩͬʱȥһ·ʲôľͿˡ
ţˣȥɣ׳
⼸ԻһԵ޶ǸŮѾɵˡ
ղŻ˼Ҹǰװ棬ڵǻı˸ڵžĴŴӰ  ˣʵ̫ˣ  ޶˼ǹųҸһĻ칫˾
ͷûиһһ£  ʵжǹҵ֮꣬ǰЩνʲôڿǸЦһ㣡
ϸоҲǷǳĽֻΪһһҵ꣬ʵЩ̫ɶˡ
һԵҶ̬ʵвͬղ䳰ȷ㣬˿̺޲һͷײڻ칫˾棡
ǸղԼˣѾΪǵϰ壡
ʵЩĪⰡ
Ҫ֪ɸҶһԱˣҸһЩ꣬һ겻׬ʮʮģ  ҪȥĵطҹĻ˵ʮʮˣһ׬߰ѾЦˡ
ܡ׸ǸɫǶһԵҶֵ
Ǹ֡ܣң
ҶԼڻûӦɫת䣬ʵתЩ̫ˣ쵽ԼûзӦ
ܣǼ̸ɡ΢΢һЦ
ҶЩ˼˵ϰ壬궼ˣۡ۾ͼõɣ
Ҳã鳵أԼţʲôģҿҲԼһ°ɣɣҪһ»᳡Ĺ׿Ҷ
֪ļҾƵ鰡Ҷʵ
ĻûжQ΢һЩľƵҲô׿ҶȻ߹೤ʱ˰
ǡǸˣܣҶڸ˵ѾǸоһЩѹˡ
׵ͷʲôѧʲôרҵҵģ
ǸܣҾһרҵѧľгӪҶҲʵش
ţ׵ͷȻʵ˾˰ʲôϤ𣿡
Ҹ꣬ҲʶɣҶ
һã֪ˣȫԱһˣҲϤһ¡
õܡҶ̵
һԵ㻹мӴӿȥǳĽλϰһľͰԼǲˣ
˵׬ǮҪ飡
㿴ʿˮǡǸܣҡҴˣԭңҲӦá
ˣǵһ˵˰ɡǱߣ΢΢ֵ
ǼӴһĵǣǴ˿̳Ӷˣ  ܿ죬Ҹһ칫˾˻϶ˣǰǰнʮˣ
֮ǰһֱɼԴģϾҲǰһҵġ
˵ʵϰһ׼ûУ  ׿˵ԺҾǵϰ壬֣
һʱ˭ҲϰӰ
ѹѹ֣Ȼλ飬һ飬Աнʴٷ֮ʮ
׵Ļ䣬ҵһ˵ղһΥĵĻôһξǷĵģ  ˵Цݣ׼ڶ飬Ҷӽ𣬵ǻ칫˾ĸˣȫȨҴ飬ԺĻҵĻ
ܣҡҶҪ˵װڰֵлԺ˵ɣ˵飬ǹǰ̨ӪӴԱĴ⣬Ҷ֮нӴԱһɲнˮҶԿˣԺڷ飬ȫˡ
׵ĻЩƺһ
ܣԺǡҲˣЩϴһһ졣
׿Щ˵ǲҪ˵˵ȫȨҶ𣬺ˣһ¾ˡ
ȥӣҶоȻһ㣡  ôҲû뵽ԼҡһشһְͨԱȻ˸ˣ  ˿̣Щ˿ҶѾǶһ˿ľη֮ɫ֮ǰйġ




1491Ƶ
 

ּң  ׺ϴڼϵļȫQС
ʵϵĸ֮ǰҲǴ˺ܶĵ绰ʼ˵Ļ¡
Ͼؼ˵ǴˣɺֵҲǷ˲ԾԼŮƺЩڵġ
ԼŮҪϢַǷ  ⼸ʱ䣬׵˶æŽ飡  жƵʲôҲæ˺ܳʱ䣬ϾѡǷǳæµһӣ  һţ  ׸ĸӣ˵ָģһƣ
Ҫ֪һǽĸ߷ڣǻƵյĻƵ¾Ѷˡ
÷ۿû˰ɣһΪ͵͵ء
˵ǺζѾ츮㳡ְ൱Ĳ
Ҫǣڶס˰ɽׯҲԼļͥˡ
׿źζЦŵܰ磡һοɵ鷳Ӧһ´Cй˰
һԵֵǰڰֵʵҲûжݣһܹ͹ˣҲǼ治òݣ
ʼ֪֮ǰCеʱ򣬼򵥵İһµˣʡڣ
أ۱÷ݣʱȻҪһζһֵ
ؽܺҲһԵͷؽЦŵ÷򰡣֮ǰһҪл㣬ҪĻڿܡ
װڰֵ磬֮ûбҪôװɣɣƵѾǰźˣͷϵȽ϶࡭
÷ҪҰæھ츮㳡ɵľǷëԼ
УͺζһæɣСϣŸλQ漸죿׿ʵ
ţʣµͽ˰¶һ˿Цݵ
һOKƣһεĻ磬ҲҪһЩ׼ġ
һ˵ȸϳȥ棬ǿųźζͻȥϣٴƵꡣ
Ҳÿ׶һЩʱֻһˣҲҪȥȷһ¡
ζͻбȽϵ˷ܣʵ˵ǻǵһγʡء
һ·ϣߴߴģͦ֡
ϣٴƵ꣡  ãʲô԰ﵽ𣿡
þһ׵˽Ҳӭȥ
֮ǰǾƵ궨һһϽġ׿Ǵþ
Ǵþ̵ŶŶŶҽж˹ϣپƵĴþҵƬ
ã֪ܴܲȥһ׿Ŷ˹ʵ
Եģĸأ˹Цʵ
ӦǱ
ŶŶŶɣ˹ļҲͦġ
ܿ죬˹ʹ׺ͺζ˳ŵݳ¥ķ˹ȥ

ȥǷǳĲԸһ˽黹ԸѡĴ  ¥ȫֻҸһףҲ
˹߽̻Ի͵ĴڣһԵĺζͻһĸ̾  ζЦŵ÷־ƵCУǾһ
ǺǣϣپƵȫǼƵꡭ˹Цŵǵķܷģ
ǲһ롭üͷʵ
QбȽϺһЩľƵһĻ϶ȥˣ־͹ԼԼĸĸ
Լĸĸ㣬˵һǸӣȻͶˣ  ʱҲû⣬ʱѾǶˣҲˣҪڿҲˣ  Ȼ㹻󣬿ͬʱлҲЩ
˹һµܹһͬʱͲͶԵӵԤʮɣ
ţĿǰʮӦòᳬʮûеһأʲô׵ĸҪȻʱǷǳĻң
׿طεȷǿˣֻһϰ죬ܸоô°  ˹Ҳʼʾε˵Ϊ⣬һǵҲֻǸһԤ˵ʵһǵһ
˹Ҳûа취ĸ߷ҲôһֻôһǱҲǸо˷ѣ  ȻҺϰ쿴ȥЩƣڵȷҲǶƵˡ
ζƵ˵Ҳ̫˰ɣ۾ͻһҰɣ鱾ǳֵĺܣһʱ˭õ˭˵
ãһǷųٵӣҽһǻƵգ˵ʵҪΪ߿ճĻȥﶼҵһʮˣʮĿ¶ûˡ
˹ҲΪε˵
ΪƣȻ׼һʼΪǿԸģڷֻҲһĲˬ
һҾٰǰ޹ˣ  ʵķˣһԵĶ˹ʵһҲ͹ȥˣ˹һ̨֮⣬Ҳûʲô
ֻΪ˵ȴоĲզΣһ黹ǻƵգƵԤ֪ˣ




1492Сѧͬѧ
 

ϣٴƵ꣡
׾ԼЩ嶯ˣʵҪΪһ֮Щż
Ҫ֮ǰⵢôʱ䣬ȫԺܴݵİġ
ҲˣҪĿԼĸĸҲˡ
׸Ŷ˹¥ֻˣʱҲֻܽһˡ
ʵһʼ׻һʽڳصҪûôĸˡ
Ҹ԰ԣ  ׵ĸĸ滹һͳˣײԼĸ˼ټҲϣܹԼһЩžھƵС
úζͻȥɴ꿴ϵĻɴյûкأ  Լ׼Ҹطʼ绰˰Ƶ궨ˣһȻͿʼˡ
ף
ߵõʱӭˣеĿȥŸǳǰŮĿȥҲ൱ľޡ
̧ͷԥһ£ȻȺ
ѽ㰡ҵĴѧԣû뵽㾹Ȼǵң
ǸȺӿף͸һӵȥǳĿģ  Ⱥ׵Сѧͬѧ
ʵҪ׵ļȺĻʵŶǵ˵˭ˣ
Ҫ֪С׿νѧУ֮һǼ
Ͼѧϰɼõ֣ױ˸סġ
Щѧϰɼһ㣬ûʲôصˣʮ˭ܹǵأ
׵ĳͬѧ͸ͬѧ϶ǼǵõģСѧͬѧ˵ʵڻ仯ʵЩˡ
׿ȺЦŵ㰡ǺǣôⰡ
һأһ£˻ۣȺźǸŮŬŬ
Ů˿ףܵüȻá
Ҳ⣬ҲûжĽҲ΢΢ͷȻȺɣҪȻ绰Ժģ
ʲôԺİһأߣȥǱ
Ⱥףֱһ׾˴Աߵɳϡ
˹ǰ̨˵˼ǱߣȻһվˡ
ʵ˹ҲʶȺ˻۵ģΪҲǹģ֮ǰϵʱѾϵˡ
ֻû뵽ȺȻʶģ
˵ִѧԣѧϵĺúõģܵɶȺ֮Цʵ
һŽ飬ģ׵Ҳʵʵ˵
ɶ⣿һŽ飿ûиȺһŵĿʵ
ôˣҾͲܽ鰡Ǻǡ׿ȺЦŵ
ǲǣѾȥϴѧҺ˭˵šȺʵ
ţҲû˭涨ѧͲܽɣǺǣǹɶģЦŵ
ˣһҸСҲ飬ǲǸڰɣȺ̽Եʵ
汻˵ˣЦŵ
Ҽǵñһǿİɣ㰡˻һԲ廰
û취ʵǶƵˣֻܹˣεʼ
ǰɣǻóȺЩ㵵ʵ
Ҳô˵ɣ߸ʽѣЦŵ
Ⱥ̾һⶼʲô°˰
˻ۿ˿ףʵǶǸǮһ
ʱɣûء
Ҳû飬Ƕ˹Ҳ˵ˣʲôʱ㶼ԣ  ˵װɵóİϣپƵɲһľƵꡣ֪Ƕ˰ʮ֪һǮ𣿡
Ⱥ˿ףƺڵȴѯʶǮ
ֻǮ˵ֻǸֶѣҲȥ⡣
û£ҲԲ
ײϾҪʼ绰ء
һҲʮʱ䣬ʱҪ׼ˣ
ҲǰȺƺԸǻҲ㬵˵żǿý˾ģ費Ҫǵʱǽȥ˰
ˣѾˣʼ
˻ۿ˿ȺȺȻ˼ҲǾˣһỹҪȥͷأ
ȺΪεĿ׵Ǹִѧԣһǻе飬ʱɣ
׵ͷȻ˹ȥ
ȥӣ˻ⶼʲôͬѧȥˣ㻹Ҫǣ
ţҲôһ˵ȺЩͷ
˻ۿȺҲã㲻˺ܶСѧͬѧʱҵø㳤
ٺ٣˵ŴˣŴôƯҪǴɴһվ˭ܸȰȺһЦ˻¶һ˿Цݡ
ȺԼ˻۳¥ϵףȥ




1493µ͵Ļ鳵ߵ
 

˳ϣûдٵĵ绰
һ绰˻˼һѾûϵˣҲ֪ڵǸɶˣ
˿̵Ļ˼ھǣ֮ǰһʱһֱףûҵ
ö֮˼ѾϰԵĸ״һ绰ˣ
һʱ䣬ѹڷû˼һơ
컪˼ھǰ£ɵԼʾʾֵʱԼܵסˡ
ιָ𣿡˼һ绰ֱ˷ܵŭ
˵Сܲ˵Сһ㰡һ
ȥ㰡ָ磡һΪȥɴɳĮȥ̽ʧأҸô绰һѶûа
˼ȻǿЦ˵ţмĹеó
Цŵһȥ̽ˣȥɣȥ˷һˣ
ޣҵεѽȥĸȥ˰ɣ˼һֵ
׵ˣƶˣһθ绰æ
ָ磬ܲܽһҰæ˼ֺǺǵ˵
ҪǲæҾν˵
ָǾҵ鰡Թۣ˼Դǵ˵ɶ£ָһ仰¡
Сҿʣ¸ˣġװԼҪ˵һ顣
˼ŸоһĲ˼˵ָ磬ûɣҪˣ
ţʱ֪ͨһ»ǣԼȥ롣ٳ˾ͲˣϾӰ첻̫á׵
齻İʱ⣡˼Цŵ
ţǱ߲иֹ˾㵽ʱ˳ǹˣģҪ̫һҪСΧľһۡ
Ҳ˵Լ˼ʵһεĽüһЩͺˡ
Ҫ˵ĽųĻϵķɻ¶ųţоûҪ
ң׽ʱҲˣһЩҪԼȥ
˵绰׵Եһɣ  ʵ绰˻˼鶼һˡ
ںǱߣҲû׼󶯸ɸ꣬˺Ҳûд롣
ʵһҲǺܶ࣬ܶ඼Ϥˡ
һ磡
ּҿνǻϲأͣžµA6Ϊ鳵
һжҸһ칫˾׵ҪƶģʵҪ˵ĻھǺҲǷǳɵġ
ֵ˾֪׵ķ  µϣȻȥһ˵㣬ȴú׵⡣
׵·ϼҵķӸģǰ϶ѾǸˡ
ʱ֣ıУӺƺƵĳϣٴƵ
Щ鳵֮⣬ ĴͳѾǰȥ˾Ƶ꣬һεıǱȽϵĶġ
׽νǴæˣָĵ绰Ӹͣ
Ͼܶ˶Ǵ˷ϵϣٴƵμ׵Ļģ֮ȻòԵĵϲˡ
ң׵Ļ鳵ҲǵִϣٴƵ꣡
ֻһִͬĻһ鳵һ鳵һɫܳȥΪİ
ҪϣٴƵĹ㳡㹻ҪȻƵ껹Ŷء
ףôɰȺ״ӻ鳵ҲǺٺһЦ
ţȷɣǺǣҲЦŵ
Ⱥ˿׵Ļ鳵ȻЦŵ˵ִѧԣ鳵Ūͦ͵
˻ʱӳˣǱߵĿҲǴһ˿ĸ䣡
ܶʱָ䶼гġ
ɾôһЩˣԼĶõıȱ˺ãȻľ;øһȡ
Ⱥ߰ɣһҪŻҪӭأ˻ۿǻ鳵Щмһˣôк
ֻǵ˻۸ո׼ջԼĿʱϻĴӵһɫİµϳ˳  ̫ˣ
ܶԭվſڿ˵ЩΧ֮ˣ˿̽Ŀⶼϵϡ
һɽѩʥϢ˸оһϢ
͵Ļ鳵ߵˣ  ˻۵ɫһӱ൱ѿԭΪԼѾƯˣǵŮ˾ȻԼҪƯüʱˣ
ȺҲĿɿڴĿϣ˻һ뿪Ҳ㬵뿪ˡ
ߣǺÿ
˻۵ɫоԼ˸ȥˣһĲʡ
һԵȺҲЩû˵ǳСӲѧϰɼһȻ󡻹ˣ
ߣȻôϲ˼ңȥ׷˻ŭ˵
ȺĴζ̵Ŵˣ㿴ûǮô߼ľƵ鳵ŪµA6˵ģ
ҲܣҪ˸ұȥҪȻû취ˣµûš
˻Щ˵Ҫ֪ǰһˣΪһŮҪԼòѹƶԷ
ʵ˵Ĳпᣬڵ˻֮иоԼˣĹͷˡ
úúãŴˣǿǿϣǿɶͷοǿǻǮλǰµʱǼ̨ݰɡ
Ⱥҵʵܹһȥ  ֻȺ˻۲֪û߶ãһһĺϣپƵ괩νĻ鳵Ҫǿ̫ˡ




1494º϶ΪһĻ
 

ϣپƵ¥
˿̵ЩţһԵĻΪһεİԵ÷ǳľְ  ߵĿŵǺɫȥѾǹĹĵˣ  ԭ׺ΪҪվӭȴҪȽȥš
Ҷ㿴ȥѾطʱˡ
ܣ˰Ҷ׵ĵҲǹϲַܺˣǹ˾ϰĺ
״Եÿһ£Ǯ
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷǵˣҿ˰ɣʱΪԱľ۲;Ѽɡ
ܣǵһ⣬°ɡҶЩ˵
һԵܣۿɵץʱ䰡
ţʲôץʱ䣿
׿ЩƵʵڽʵҲСһûо顣
㿴׵ܣλǴʡ̨Ŀˣ
ࡢ࡭Ҳֺյ
ܣ˵ﻰܹΪֻҵҲЦЦ
Ҷ׵ܣĻ᳡Ѿ׼ˣ̨ǱΪǹõģǸԷڹͨڱݵĽĿ
û£ʱѻ˹ŪĿʾ鲻Ҫġ
һȻ׵ܣһĿ²ҵľҪ׼嵽ĿһЩ
ţû⣡׿Цŵ
ܣҲԤһ׷ʵڲĻʱҿģ
ҶΪ׵飬Ҳǲ˺ܶˣκ̶׷µʱʲôġ
  ˿ѾһǱ߲ţ  ׺ϵĵǱڲŵ㶱㳯˹
λ£
׿˳Լϵķ˹ҲЩɻʵ
Ǹ˳һЦãҽкسλҵӻš
Բ𰡣ҸϹ֮ǰҪλһ£ֿ̨ĻһԵСЧѣһء
ſ׺ϣҲЩ˼˵
Ȼû˵ʲô飬м˼ѾǷǳˡ
ǵ˼ǹһ̨׿źسͻЦŵ
ǵģҸղһ£ҲҸһ칫˾߻İɣʵҲǣǲһ飬ҲǺٳ˫һΣҲڲͬˡ
ſףҲǳڴ
һԵ鵹ǲҷ÷ҲܹʡȥһЩĿԼ
سЦŵǣһиǰмõǽļ˵ףҲһͷ
ϸо鲻ЦŵףҾͦõģ֮ǰǾкܶһƵҲǸһѳأ
ЦŵȻһﶼͬĻûҪ˫ҳݵİϾ˿ЩԽܣ
سЦŵҸҰѾˣû
׵ͷҵĸĸҲͦģӦòģһССҪ󡭡
ǣʲôҪᣬֻҪܹģһ㣡
سһ״ӦˣҲԵЩ˷ܣϾ˵ͦýġ
ʵҲûʲôϣһεĻһеķãȻҲһλǿΣ
ʵںسͻ˵Ѿ׬ˣǻ֪˵仰ĺˡ
ֻǸ֪仰ʲô˼  Щ˼˵ⲻʰɣôܹǳأʵҲίҸһһأȻǵһ߿ҲǮذ
аɣǻץʱŰɣ
Ҳ˵ʲôûбҪΪЩС¾ȥ
׵Цŵʵһ˺һģҲǳļ򵥣ֻҪ׼öָʱ˵ʯԶһʱóڶԷϾOKˡ
ûˣ׺ͺسͬʱʵ
ЦŵΪңĿȻҪŵĶһЩˣܹ򻯾;ˣ˵Ҳã˵Ҳɰ
ãǾģسЦЦȻЩǸĶһԵһ˵Ϳϧе̨һˡ
ߣͱЦˣҸ־ˣǸе̨һ˿Ե÷ǳĹɡ
磿Ҳе̨ģôûмسЩֵʵһԵ˵Sʡ̨һ簡
ȥʡ̨ģ׬˰سҲһЦ
˵ǵʱޣҸȷϸ飬Ҫ֤ˣҪƼһλðǵͷζҡ
س˵ߵ֤˾и칫ҵһΰɣ
иİ칫Σ𹻸߰źسҲЦЦȻ˿׵أ
ͷξͲ˰ɣ㵽ʱֱ˵Ͼͺˡ΢΢һЦ
ϣҲûаЩֵĿףװڰֵ˵ֵģͽкϾУ
νĵͷܿľͺãλȥſӭɣߵҵʱǾͽ̨׼ߵʮ˷׼ʱʼ
سͷζ˼˵ƺо׵һ˿ΣϽʵ˭֤˶ν




1495̰˵Сѧͬѧ
 

ϣٴƵĶ㣡  ˼ʵѾǵߣĿǰϣپƵ׷档
˼ѵź죬Ҳǵȴ׵֪ͨ
ϾȥĻһɧҿɾͲ̫ˡ
ȵʱ;֮ǲŻĽȥ  ҲҪ׼ʲôֻҪϯһ¾OKˡ
ԭ˼Ҫܶ˵ģҲû뼸ˣϾײҪ̫ߵ
ղ棬˼׾Ȼ˰µA6ͨͥõĻ鳵Ǹоһľ棡  棡  ׺վ࣬سлվҲࡣ
ףվȺ˻ˣȻ˵϶΢ЦƺܸоЩ̫Ծ  ϲϲͬѧ
Ⱥ˻۵ĸǰ˼׿Ŷͦġ
⼸ӦöԼСѧͬѧһν飬еͬѧһû롣
룬ʵ̫ˣ  Ҫкܶûϵʽ׾˭Ҳ룬Ͼ֮ǰû
˵ˣҲΪԼĸ׽һԸѣ
ˡ⣬Сʱһ㶼ûб䰡ȺҲǹһЦ
ȺѾ˧˰ǹɫ㣬˰˻Ҳ޲ڵ˵
ȺзǳĸˣϻǺܿ׵˵
ЦŵСѧͬѧҲĲ˰ϣپƵ꣬ҵθԹ԰
˻΢΢һЦĻ治һǵСѧͬѧ
ţ棿ǵСѧͬѧ˭ЩĻͷ˿׵ʱҲסˡ
һԵ˵ɴ۾Сӣõİ
ȺƵ˵ûûУҲ˶ѣ
ףǱôվ˰Ǿһ𣿡֮ǰμӹġ
Ȼ֪ڲ죬ǲһ
˻һĻҲǿһЦ˵һڰɣ
˰⻹˰һЦ
ߣȥк⿴Ҳ
˼Ҳͬѧǿ϶ǻţˣҲ֪ܲôɣͬѧкҲбҪģҲǵ
ż˳׵ķ˹ȥ˻ۿȺҪǵĻ϶Ҹطȥ
ȺٺһЦСۣҾԸӣİɣ
ܳʲôӣһ֪Ǽ˻۲м˵
Ⱥ˻۵Ҹ㣬ҰһοǰǼұ˶ˣ
Ǽұˣ˭˻ȻȺһˣǶȺҵʶĻǺܶࡣ
Ⱥ˵ôأҲȤ
Ⱥұииİ˺ֹܿƽͻĸУ
ļٵİǼһţݣ˻Ҳǲŵʵ
ȺٺһЦǵȻˣҰѾұ˵ˣ֤ˣ
Ⱥ̫˰иİ˺ǵ֤ˣǼͷݿ¶أ
˻֪ǮʵһڱռݺҪĵλ
иİ˺ߣȻ֪бˡ
ԼϵЩϵһԼϹݣԺҲԼϵӿˡ
ȺСӸҪұˣǰͬѧôĹٹƶܷˣ
˻һϹ̫ˣ
ȺʵղԼϵ˵ҪʱҲû뵽˼֡
Ǳߣ  żͬѧ˹ҲǴӭ̨
Ӵͬѧ㲻ص鶼ǣһףҲʵ
ʵ˵ҲνģֻΣ
ЦŵλǶԲס˰ҪûдҵϵʽһҲû׼죬ԡ
õõãͬѧһһǼưɣϲ˰
Ͼ״ӣͬѧȻҪ䣬Ҳֲ֪ôˡ
׿˿˵ͬѧһͬѧǵȱƣʱһһô
һҲ׼˺ܶϻױƷ׼ǧף  Ȼĵ͵ǸеĶһҲٵġ
һֵô˼أǿֹжð
ûû£벻ż΢΢һЦ
̰ˣǺܶ˶ϲһ飡  ˵ʵҾֻ˵һ㣬˵ǵ̬һҲǺת
ǿĻһǿɶһٿǮ̰
õĶôܹܾأ




1496֤֮
 

ſڣ  سͻվǱӭΪȽϵĻңܶ˶֪Ӧȥıߣ  ſڵǽӡ֣ǰļûӡ֮⣬ֶӡĺúõġ
ڴʱһŰɫɫӳ˹
سһˣҲ̴ԼŻӭȥ
Ρ
سи칫ҵһǰҲ¶ϲõЦݣ  Сϲ˰첮һ⡭
һԼĶͳһȻȥǮǺܹܶ࣬ߣѾ൱ĸˣ  سһµ첮Ѿ˰ôҪĺأ
֣ǴϲӣҲմմǵϲô°ҲΣǱһô°
һսʱ򣬲һûͷת򣬿һ׺ϣ  һΪԼߴˣȵ߽ʱŷֲԼߴˣƺ˽飡
ˣһ飿
⵹оһķ˼μӵĻҲкܶˣѽ԰ͷһ飡  سһһĻҲΪε첮Ҹ·ѮŶƵġ֪Q΢һЩľƵ꣬Ҳûˣһʮԡ
ϲϼϲҿУ
һ󵽵ǰ칫γһӾͻ֮ǰΣ  سЦŵ첮Ұкأҡҡ
ʲô˵ôµİһźسЦŵɹ٣󣡣
첮Ҿ˵˰سЦе˵䡭ʵҸ֤ˣ
£Ǻǣָ˵ˣûⰡֻˡһҲЩ
سЦŵǸǱˣһ죬鲻ҪĸҵĻ˾Ƕϲһˣʱƺ˰ɣ
һ΢΢ͷã˾У
ˡ
һδʱһ߿˳
ףȺ˷ܵŭһ±Ƶá
һüͷ濴ȥ˵ʱҲһ
У
һɫһû뵽Լ˾ȻҲˣֻɫÿ
첮ǡǲǺسҲʶģҲһ
ȥкǼһ  Զ  Ⱥ˻˿źһĿ֮ɫ  Ⱥ΢΢ͷȺϲϲ
ˣ롭Ⱥ˿̸һһɹ١
С
һźĸǰ˹ָա
ǣ찡ôߣ֪˳·һ˰¶һ˿ְҵЦݵ
쵼֪ӦһİһҲЦЦ
Ȼ˲һ·ˣɱϾиˣ»Ҫõġ
һĸݰŪ˳ʰ
쵼ֶ֪Ӻͱһϰģһ΢΢һЦ
ŶǻǻٳɹһһҪѡλòаҪȻʱñ˿ЦɾͲ˰
Ļһɫһ䣬˺ôԼ˼
һ쵼˵ǣ쵼æɣ
΢΢һЦһҵưɣ
ܰ쵼ӦȥŶ԰һ֪ôΪ£ԼҲԼ²̨˼
Ҫ֪سǰ˵һһʱԼվϹϾģϿ¶ЩҲסˡ
һҲ
ڰֵô˰ɣһỹøұֶ֤飬Ǳ費Ҫȥһ˰
سһ㶣֤˶ѾǶˣǾһ󰡣
ںôһ˵˭ҲҲ廰ˣ  ҪǺسڴӦˣǾǴҪǲӦĻǴ𣿣
һʱ䣬ƺ涼Σ
سǵ˵ãСأģһǵĻأʵ֤ǸһߵŵģҪͬĻǡȻǻӭ
س֪һ˵Ӧ߲ӦΪô˵˵ĶԼ  ⽻ףҲΣ֮аһһѣ
ʵҲǸһҸ̨£ʱҪ֤ĻҲ֮ء
Ϊ֮ǰĺس֪λ֤ˣƺͷζûУ
سܵΪӦǼҵݻߵ¸صĳѡ
ԭкſˣسԼܵĻͷ˿Ȼʲô£




1497׵ľܾ
 

ſڣ  Ϊһĵܶ˶ÿһ·
ϾҶó˵Щһ㣡  س˹ҲЩǸȻ˵ǲ˼ôæҪеҪѯһ
ףұҪ֤飬Ͻллұˣ
Ⱥһֺӣһʩһ㣡  һԵ˻Ҳǿ׵ǰϽллǱˣ֪˭ܸ֤飬ĸ
سЩƵĿȺˣȻû뵽˾Ȼʶף
΢΢һЦȺʶ
ˣСѧͬѧȺ˵
Ϊ˻۵ĹϵȺҲЩУ˿ԼĽԼɣ  û뵽һﾹȻԼʵĮģȺˡ
ټԱߵǸŮ˾ȻԼŮ˻ҪÿȺһҲƽ
Ҫ֪ȺСѧͬѧйϵĻõģ͵ĸ߸˧۷ӭȢ׸ʱڡ
û뵽Ů˸ƻ飬ټ˻Щȡ֡
ԭͿͬѧҲǱЩһˡ
ȺԭҪ֤ʱҲΪĲˡ
ɷһ룬ⲻô׵һû  ѲһﻹҾܾԼұ˵飿ǳıӵˡ
ǸҸղžôһ˵Ҳ֪ԸⲻԸأúҷҪ֤һ
΢΢һЦƳһһ
һѿܹѿɫһˬ졣
Ⱥ׳ףô°Ͻģ
ϽʲôҽƺñָָɣЩˬ˵
Լ֤Ѿ׼ˣǿǺ֤飡  ôͻȻðһԼҪ֤˵أ  ҲȺˣҪ˺ϵķͷһԼôĶ֪ˡ
㡭ʶô˻һ׵Ļ
Ҳɣǲ֤˹ͬȻѾˣڸú𣿡׳
У⡭سֳ̯̯źǱεʼ
ɫ䣬һúúãõúܣ
˵ʵʵҪ֤飬ȵǴӦˣʱǫһ°֤˸һ
ܹﵽԼĿģͬʱҲһ֪Լøģ
һ֪ܲеĵɫôѿ  ˵ĹְԼҪ֤˵Ļûɲá
һ֪ĿԼǵʲô֤˵ġ
ô˵һԭɫת磬źȥķ΢΢һЦ쵼㰡һҹȥơ
Ⱥףŭһףһұ˵ʲôⰡ
ǰף˼Ⱥı˿иİ˺ﰡʲô˼
ΪԼϣپƵţˣ͵ġ
ǰ˼ȺҲΪ˸ӣⲻǳô
ˣԼһţȥɣǿɸ˼ҴѧĽŶ
һ￴ֵСѧͬѧҲǲ´Ҳû뵽׾Ȼľܾ˺Ҫ  ǿиİ˺ﰡô쵼ȻһСܾˡ
һСѧͬѧоʵЩҪ
ҪΪ׽ҲĻ⻰˵жôء
ЩͬѧҲ˵̫ˡ
ҲͦƵģղǸ׽ʱ򣬸о˻ͦġ
ǹȥȱƣһ˸УܹǾúܲˡ
ϾȻûдǣ˼ٿʮ㣡
˿̣˲û˵һͬѧЩѾ
Ҳصһ룬һҪ˵֤ˣⲻǴ˵
Ҳֻйٴõİɣ  ӭѾٽβˣس׹ϵľܾҲЦŵǣţ
СӳֺõҰҲЦ˵
سƵ˵֪̯ô鰡㲻ںˣҪȻĻ첮¾ˣ
׿źس鲻Ѿȥ
㻹СһЩ㲻˼ӣʱָҪʲô۶أ¡
سг˵֮ɫʵԺӱµһ̣еĵѾǴﵽһˣ
װڰֵǺǣҲǷģ
ˣһǻ쿪ʼˣǸϽ׼׼ɣس΢΢һЦȻҪȻǱ֤
Уû⣡
һOKƣȻЦЦǹһӦþˡ
úȥ̨ˣ˼һҲ֪Ҫʲôء




1498Ƶ
 


ѾǹģڴſǱתơ
һ˲֪ϵĳУȫȻ֮ˡ
ֻ˽˻ҲǴű¶ѣ
Щϲ˵ķԱźüǰ涼ˣҲЩ֡
Ȼˣ˵ҲûκεӰ죡  ΪˣҲһƣվԱߵҶʦҸոȥˡ
֤ôڻûеһҪʼ˰ҲЩ𼱻ǵʵ
һ˵֤ڿʼ֮ǰȷϺˣһҪУһ̨ʡ
һϸµˣҪÿһڶƿС
ڽĿһûУ֤˶ûء
Ҷʼܸղ˵ˣȿʼʱ֤˻ֱӵ̨ʱֱӺ־OKˣ
ģ
ЩŵʵȻô׵û
Ҷʦ͵һ°ɣ
ǲ֪ܸʲôʲô˰ôһ㣬ǰļǱߣʲôӰ
Ҷò⣡  ȵһ㣬λžͲ⣬ǰţǺְ  ˼ǱߵݶѾˣҲһƣ  ǰ  ô򵥵ĵѲǸ˲  Ҷ̵ʦľͲˣ˵һ˻ġ
û˵ٰôλ񣬽һҲͲ˵ʲôˣӿô࣬ǲЩ˲ӰҪĻǸӵѿ
ܡ
ҶҪ˵׷򸾺ͺسߣҲǸϽк
һ׾Щ˵ܣҿЦвУǰһûˣ⿴ȥҲ̫ɶ˰ɣôʱ䶼ûм
û£ЩλӦûģĿǰҲȷˣӦò࣡Цŵ
̾һ֪ܰǮ˺øӣ㿴ⶼˣ֤˶ûأ̸˵ʲôĿˣǡ
磬Ǳ𼤶ҲǲǣղѾ绰ˣѾ׼ˣһƾͻᵽ̨ʱֱӱĻͻˡ
׿Ҳûа취ͣ  ֱܲӰѺϵ˵ɣҪ˵ɲұ֤һ᲻ŵˡ
һԵĺس˵ǣҲ̫˰ɣһӿһǰţǲе̫˰
һһ㣬ǺǣˣǲӦ׼׼˰Цʵ
ҵĺܣڻôհҶҿʼˣߵʮ˷ֿɻӵʱ䰡
һεȷϵʵûа취ˣ  ԤļʱһҪ˰
ҪǴˣʱͲ̫Ūˣƺһжû׼ã  ׿磬ߵʮ˷׼ʱʼİɣһҪûг֤飬Ҹ˫Ǯ
ͲǮ£ôʱ䣬;ӼǾġҲϣһҪʱ̲Ҫ©źð
Щĳ˵ʵҲ֪ɹɹûжĹϵ
ְҵظҪƾ
Ͼ˼һֻôһΣˣҪźһӵġ
ʵ֮ǰͼһԣΪֳ˲ӣŪĲɢ֣
ЦЦǿʼɡ
ߵʮ˷֣
ԭĴѾһƬڣֻ˵ĸǰһԲιĸǰ
˿ʽֳֻͲĴ̨һ뻺
λ쵼λŮʿǡǣһöҹӭˡλ˧ʿ׺ͺس
Ǳ٩٩̸׺ͺسÿ϶һʻֱ̨˹  һ֮Ͼ˺ϰúܶݶЩƣ
˵֮ǰˣ˵С׽ˣ㿴á
̨һ࣬һΪ֤ˣҲǸسĸĸվһ
찡ҲңسϵҲһƵ˵
һԺسΰѾˣҲͽͰɣֻҪ˲ǼСŵĺҲ֪ˣ
˼ӣҲͦߵģһС˸ʲôҲǱ˰ɣسĸЦŵ
һҲ΢΢һ̾Һϰ죬һҪ׬ģһοһ׬˰
ҪСǺӵĻʹ߰ʮˣ⺢ӡسҲʼ
Զ̨ϣ
һϵеʽϵĽţסϺͺسԷ򸾻ָѾǱһ߳
֤ҪˣΪ֤飬ֿףһӭ




1499º֤
 

Ĵ˲䰲  ֤ˣһ㶼ǶԷλȽϸߵˣ
ֻ߾Ȼ˵һʲôϵˣһо֡
Ѳû𣿻ú棿
ɵ֮ȴǸͨǱ߲û߳
ʵϣղźϺͻ˼ĵ˷ܣһһᣬ˿̵ĺϸոյִ̨
ʲôһ֤˶ܳٵܲܿһ㰡
سϵЩ̲סˣҪ֪Ǳһ˵ĻǶҲߵ˰
һҲݸһЦֻܹȥȳ˰ʲô°
찡϶ѹڵһɣسĸ̵
һԺسĸҲǵǰΣиΣڳҪļαѹᣬ˵ȥô̯ôһԲ׵˰
Ҹղ˵֮ǰ׼ĽĿһ˶ûû뵽֤˶ûưسϵƵ
ɫҲǷǳѿǲҲ̫һ㰡
˼ҽǽ鰡ɹΪ󣡣
Ǹʲôϲϵģİ߽һӵʱ䣡
ѾһƬ˽Ҫ˵׼ȳʱһ߻Ĵ̨һ˳  һһ࿪ʼ𣬽˵
ôϤӰôϤף  ܶгֵˣ˭Ҳû뵽һ̾Ȼߣ
һЩסˣҪ֪ûд֮ǰǿʡ̨Ŀˡ
ǰʵ̫ϤˣϺϣһƺоԼĺʼɬЩ˵ˣ
˼ٵˣͲչһЦ
һ˿ƺֻмܹһ˵ȵ飡  ܿ죬ϱ㿪ʼ٩٩̸
̨һ࣡
ԭǱ˵ʲôĺسĸһ˿̶ɵˡ
Ϻأ㡭һ£ûۻɣǡǺϣһźϵӣӶЩˡ
ǡǺϣҵθ֣ʲôسϰҲɵˣһԺسǾ°Ͷ
һ֮лع𡭡ȥ֤ˣк֤飬Сĸְ
˿̵һﻹְ֤ǿǺϰ
һ֤飿ԼԼرĴˡ
ֲøղǸԴǵľܾ˺⻹ڰǸһﰡ  ҪǺ߿ϵĻ˶ܹˣ
̨ϵĺسͻ˾ôĿźϣҲû뵽Ȼ˸Լ֤飡
̫ˣ
ʵ̫ˣ
ζ飬û뵽һ̾ȻΪʵ  ԺҪ˵ȥĻ¶û˸һˡ
س⡭ô°ŵ񶼿ˡ
ҡҲ֪ʲô⡭Ҳ̫˰سҲʿˮ
ֻ̨ϵĺǱЦӯӯ˵ҹף»졢úϡӣллλ
˵꣬Ѿǳ̨µĿ˹ȥ֮ǰصϸ˼䣬˿һĿɿڴ  ̨£  ׵ĸĸݰϵĸ׺ݶǴ͵ĿǰһУ  ڶһģ׾Ȼܹܵϵף
ҽۿ˺ϵĵµЩֻ׷Ĳɷõļһ㣬ϵĴǲǲĿ  һʱ䣬ƺһݳһ㣡
þòŴ֮лعһԵҶ
ڸղţҶ˿źϵĳ֣ǲûŵ̱ڵϡ
ϰ嵽ʲôͷȻôţﶼܹĹ
˵ģͳôһĻºܶ˶ѾͶˡ
ҶʦղźسǱҪ˵Ҫһ֤ˣ
û˵ҵȻ֪¾֤飬Ҳҳ˰ɣ
ǵģˣղź̨Ϣ˵صĺҪ̨䣬˵ҪҴϲ
ҶҲ֪ʲôϲӵ˺ָ̨
˿̨̣ʵѾըˣһƱݣֱǲμӰ佱һ㣡
ܶں̨ѾǷҪǩҸһ칫˾Ա
ȻǸ߶˻죬һӳôǣʵû뵽
ĳ˵лϵ֤飬ͬʱƣף޽
޽
µ˺ȻеǶ˷ܵĿźǱߣûһܹȥƺһ̶ԾŹء
˵棬һϢ𾴵غѣҪ̨˵䣬ҸҴؾϲλӭ
һ˵Ŀڴ




1500´ϲ
 

״飬˼ͻԭΪҪٴһ£  û뵽׾Ȼ͵˵ĳ̶ȣղں̨˵ΪûжƵ˼Һϰ죡
ʵ׵Ҳûʲôɻ˼ͻѲˣ
ָôܿ׳أ  ղź潲֤ʵʱ򣬻˼ͻѾ̨ͨԱѯ˽ĽĿʲôġ
ʱһЩ׶֪һﵽҪʲô  Ŷ
˼Ӻ̨߳ʱһľ̾
ЩˣϹվߵʱǸǼĲˡ
Ǻϣ׸֮ӣȥ
Ǽ˵׸ʲôİôôţֵ˰
˭˵أ˵ȥǶʮ㰡
ˣСզôأ
ߵѻһЩһߺسҵݾͲˡ
سͻѾǹ˲ôˣ˼ͻ˵̨ʱҲǲһ㾪
һз·һ㣬Щŵĸо
Ȼˣ˸ղźһĻܶҲǵ˺ܶ࣬ĻֳƶƲסˡ
ףҪʲô
վһԣȻʶ˼ģ֪һҪʲô  ׿ЦһҡҡͷҲ֪ҾǹԷ˭֪Ҫʲô
ҲʼðɣֻҪ־OKˣ
ЦŵİɣСзִģ
һԵĺسߵ׸ǰܣ⡭ʲôЩ˶ѣ
ǰɣǺǣ΢΢һЦַƵ˸оһĳݡ
سʿˮҡû뵽Ȼôţ
ҲһԵܣʲôİ
˻û˵̨꣬ǱѾ
˵ĿһӾͼ˻˼ϣЩԭʶǣһ˵˼׻׸֮ӵʱҲǰĿⶼ˻˼ϡ
˭ͷôĻأ  Ҫ˵׸ʵǻңף
ֻһδ󸻺ѹ֪ϼŵռݶٵĹɷݣҲ֪ڵ׶ôǮ  ˼Ͳ΢΢һЦףָɩӴ飬ҲףغسͻС飡ʱϵҾֱ˰Ǹǰɣ
ٶһ˼Ҳ̵
˼ЩǸȻ˵ķ˰Ϊ˱Ǹ⣬Ҹ׼һϻױƷ
лٶлٶ
ﻹʲôƢٶ֣ʵ˻ء
Ǽ˴˵еĺԼ׸֮ӻ˼ˡ
񣬻һϻױƷãһ׬貧ӯˡ
˼תȻЦЦλ˴ӣļֵһ£Ϊ˷򸾣ÿһİ˹ܳ
ۣ
سͻû뵽ǾȻմˣȻҲ֪ܳڻ˼˵㲻ʲô
Ƕ˵Ǿ۵˰
˿̵ĺسͻվƶһ㣬ǸоԼ嶼ЩƮƮȻˡ
ʵ̫˼ˣǸоԼ˲ƱһȽһ㣡  ˹棡
ڼѾЩ˵ˣϵ˸ڱһӾͰǸˡ
һԵ׿ЦһһڻԼһףǻ˼һⲻǣ  ѾһƬ֮İ˹ټֵǧ򰡣  ܶ˶һĽֵֺأ  ϸӣ˼ЦŵȻˣֻǱһСС⣡ΪýhighʱһЩұ߳Ա˵
ҲһĿģϾ翪ʼǰһ̺ܳ˼Ȼ˿ԡ
һЩѾǶĹеˣ˿Ҳӿ
ȻˣǰĿ˻˼ϣϾ׻֮һ  ҲͲ΢΢һЦҺãҽлѣλһõĽղһ£һʮҲǰ˰ˣǴʮλһȽʮλȽһλȽûеõѣҲǵļ
ǣɶ˵ġ治֪˭һ
´һЦһ  ΢΢һЦ˵һ¹ѾϵùԱʱÿϻһ롣ʱǴĻϻһ˰ֲֻҪһͣ־н
Ʒɶ֣µ˹ĵĿɲ˭нƺӹĽƷ
һЦƷлٶɣϾһοɶǻٶԼġ
˼΢΢һЦĳǰ




1501ĿɿڴĽƷ
 

  ˶סĿŻ˼˶֪һǸˡ
⽱ƷǲҪȼȫأ  ʵ˼ͻ֮ҲǾһԭ۵Ļ񣬱ùʶĿ
һпʲôĲ˺Ǯѳ  ˣϺǹһĺø˺ܶࡣ
ǿʼڳ˶Ϊ֮ݵġ
˵һ¼Ϊ׼˼ֵʮϻױƷװУ
˼˵һ˵ȫһƬȻ  ͼֵʮļٵİ
Ȼǻٶ־ǲǻױƷҿ˺ܾء
Ҳû뵽ܹõôõĻױƷ
ЩȽͶȽɶ𣿿϶ҪҪԺһЩɣڴ
µ˽ڵĿͽĶһԵĻ˼ˡ
׿Ż˼΢΢һЦСӣֻȱ𣿡
ָ磬ôϲӣ˵Թˣ˼
ҲЩε˵Уֵ֮Ͳ˵ɶˣ
˼ٺһЦȻ˵һȽȽһһǽı525һȽS350һ
һֵʮı52550ֵһıS350  ⳵ֵֽһڣ  ֹȻǲͬ죬ټ֮ǰֵʮװڣ
⻪˼ΪѪ
һԵĺسͻѾĿɿڴ˵֪Ӧ˵ʲôˡ
һʼĺسͻŻΪһ׬أϾǵ֤˿иΣһλ׼һߵĴ󿧣
ΪһεĻ񣬺سһҲѪ  ڿһжЦһ㣬˿̵ǲ֪ʲô
ҲǷּģѾǳԽǵ󣡣  µ˶סһЩѾǿʼڴһȽʲôˣ
Щ˵һȽƺѾ޷ĵزˣ  ˼һȺ˿ԼӣҲΪĵͷһȽǽQкһֵܼԪ

һȺ˳׵ķˣģûмôġ
ڳľQˣлΪˣܹأ
ҪǣЩǲһǮģ
ҵѽôоЩܲأ
û뵽ǼҺسȻٶҲйϵţˣ
ֹţֱţ˰Ҷû˵˵Ļܹ˵ĳ̶ȣ
ҪܹһȽǾhighˣ
һ˵ԾԾԣ˭ԷԷⰡ
ڶڴų齱ڣЩ˵ƺѾˡ
Ĳ㣡
κʱģȻᣬ˭أ  һģǴ˿Ѿ˷ܵЩƲסˡ
ȫõļ˼Ҳְ  һҪǳһĻǾֱʵ˴С󿵵ĵ·ˡ
ɶʱʼ齱سǱǮǰţһ˼þԼŭ
ƺҲ˵  ˼ЦŵȻô飬ȳһλһȽֳhigh
ѾڴĿ⿴Ż˼  ˼΢΢һЦȻŴĻʼ
Ļϵֳ׵ĹŴһ˰ٵֲͣıãܶ˶Ǽ  ָĳֶĳĶͽǣ  ͣ
Ż˼һ£LEDĻֶ298棡
298ţ˭298ţ˼΢΢һЦ
һμȫΪ˸Լսһӣ  ˵ʵݣһҲǺٳϯĻġ
Ǽʶʲô˵ģ˵⻪˼ݣҲòˡ
οкڳһܶ͵ж͵
һῴûлȥһأ  ֻڵһȻ䷢֣ŮƺٵԼϣ    һǰҲĶƺҪʵˡ
Լ298֣һɫһӱóƺҲü٣  죬㡭298𣿻ϽȥسϵһҲ̰һһѣ
һ̨һЩΡΡ̨ȥ
˼һ΢΢һЦλô߸ʲôҿһеĺơ
һСĽӸ˻˼˼Ѻƾ
ֳĴĻ̰Ѿͷסˣ  ˼ЦŵϲλǱһλһȽ׸һˣȻڼڶֵĳ齱λԺúȺð
һ˵ʧı飬˼ԱҲ΢΢һЦȻǾȥˣ




1502𾪲
 

̨ƹΪ֮һ
Ϊʲôʱһĸ𣡣  תһ  »
Ϥ֪˭һѾǷˣ  سŸո£ϤΪĴʵ̫صˣ
һ֮ʣһˣ
ѧӣ
ܶ˵ֻѾʼƵĹܣһȫ΢ĵƹ⿪ʼĿ˵  ž
̨ƹ⼸ͬʱӳ»ѧӵϣоˣ
һֵ飬ֻ·˸Իһ㣡  ϵ˵۾оЩܲˡ
Һã»ҪϲסϻкسС飬ϣ˺ͺҸ
»Ͳ˻ͲĿųµˣ  һԵѧƺΪ˷ܣ¶һ˿˵΢ЦλѣǺ𣿡
ã
±ŷһŭ쾡µĳƺÿ˵壡  ܶ˶Ѿʼ˸裡
һȸоݳһ㣬һεĻʵ̫ţһ㣡
»ѧӵĵ̨ܿһѸȳƸֲϵĵ̨ݳһ׸ȴ˰λ׻ƶ̳ǿˣ  һϲģһ׷ģ˸ָȺ  ˵ÿһ˵ݳƱǶһǳ֣߰ɽܶͬʱôǵıݣ  ǻʲôоֵõأ
˵ǾеһУǺسߣǸоһ㣡  Ǻسͻܹλû񣬶ﲻһΰ
ڵĺسͻѾоԼڽˣǸоԼڲμһʢİ佱  ׷򸾺ͺس򸾶˺
׿źЦŵϣһЩⲻȥ
Сӣ˵ʲôܲҿûʲôö㣬ɶҲȱ
Ҳǰ뿪Ц˵ǴԼĶͳһֻ
ϣǸʲôôҪĶأװڰֵ
СӣǰɣϹֵʵ
ҲЦЦȻӹҿɾͲ˰
ʶΪĵ˵
һԥ˰죬Ǿƣ˵ģ˵ϵݣҲ  һͬһĻкسĸף˿ɶǵĳ
ǵʱǺϵļѾǺܸˡ
˵ǸϻܹЩϵأ  ֡첮ô˰سΪĽţϵʵ̫ǿˡ
ʵسϣľǿǱ˵Լ˵źء
Լĸ׺첮ˣҲ˵ʲô
Ͽ˿һˣֹͣ˺׵Ľ
˵ʵڻ֪ǸʲôأسǸʲôĶ֪
ϣ98776ĳʿһ
һʱһյ磬ûἰԼڵݣ˵ԼһʱϾ  Ŷ98776ӵģǺǣǱ߻ιְһڵİµĿһʵ
һԺسϰֵ棬88ģسϵҲǾ
ϹһЦúúãû뵽߾Ȼܹҵµı
һƱ⣬Ҹɵһ쵼ףԸ쵼ٰ
࣡
һֱӽһİ׾ƸȥǱƺЩʹ࣡  ĴָSʡ󺺵ľȻ鴫С﹤
Qи칫ҸһЩճһźϹ
ţҼǵˡ΢΢ͷһͺسĸĸҲǺȻ˿ˡ
˿һϵ˷֮ɫԱܹ˼סǶһĪҫ
齱һεĽУһγȽ525γ˲䱻˳ȥ  ֳӱ4SϹܣ˿ѾЦ绨һԵı4SܸҲǲࡣ
һҵ˭ܹأ
ף
Ĳˬո֤ϣͶŸƱ뿪ӣ  Ⱥ˻۽һжС
ԭЩ׼ȥƵСѧͬѧǿźžƱȥˣҲǾһȣ  ϾҲ˺ķͷǣ  ʵȥƣҪĻΪ״ӦǸУռ˵̬ǶʵҲûôķС
ߵ˱ſڣһĳ֮Ҳ΢΢ҡͷ
һ磬̫һЩ
һƿŽĺҲӭȥЦŵ쵼ƣ
ôҾͲɣֱ̨ȥưɣ
ҲҪַʽһݿҪһˡ
ʵҲǶһղǸµСһ־棡
ֻһԵһźĻԳһŹ֮ɫ




1503´Ӳм
 

֮Уһڵ  ЩƣǳڸôĶ
쵼ҲȥڲȥһдĿź
ǣûҺϲ˵̨أοҺܲð
Щŭˣղ׾ܾʱѾǷǳķŭˣû뵽˾ȻһεľܾԼ
ҲƢأοиİ˺أ  ˵ˣڵĺУЩ˾нһ㣬ʲôǣ
ղһ˳鵽һȽᶼˣһûЦ  ԼҵıֶȺֶϱ˻ۼQѾǷǳǮˡ
Ǳ׼һȽǿ̨Ŀǰеֵֻǧء
ҲûмôļȻlowˣ
ǡʲô쵼̫ˣҪȻȳ齱ˣڸ˵һʾúԼһŵһᣡ
һ㵽ʲô˼Ƴ齱Ͳͣһ᣿ŭˡ
Ǹ쵼ڶڴų齱أʱȥɨ˴ҵ𣿡һЦŵ쵼˵ҸղŻ˵ĳ鵽˸һȽڶء
һһ󣬼ǧǮܰ㼤ӣǵϢЦһ
һﶼ˳۰  ˵һҲûж  һԺسĸźĻЦŵ쵼ҪиǿҲüް
УΪҸһˮ˵ҵҪһȽǸʲô
ΪȻܹĿռ֮УղȺǱߵֻѾǷǳĶˣ߱Ǳ߰һЩأ  ˵ˣҺϰģҺһʲôƷ  һ΢΢˵̺ƽĴ쵼ϣǶ˵һҲ಻
ۣ
һûнոպȥĺƸ
̺ıǿQõı֮һǿǺı̺찡
һȽоԼĶ⣡
Ȼǲܵ飬ղȷԼûΪ̺⼸־һĴԼĶС
㡭˵ʲôһȽʲô۾յĹԲһŵɫ
쵼̺ıĿӦ֪İ֮ǰʵʱȥģһź¶һ˿Цݵ
һνӮ֮һμӸԭΪԼķͷ˸ˡ
ȴŵǣԼķͷ˶һźء
֮оԼ˶ЩƮƮȻˡ
ܹۼϣܹȥϺȱƣһһѾǲˡ
ڷǵˣԼ˸һȽǿǱؼֵﵽı̺Ĵ  ˵ģתһɵĵˣһһӸоԼҲûκεѹˡ
ڷǳļҿź˵𾪣г졣
̺ı⡭ôأţš
Ҫ֪ⲻһͨͨĽѣڸôĶ
̺ıֱ˵ĸо
μ˵ĻȫôȴҲû˵ͱġ
һ뵽һֿԣһǲǽԼְλ̰ۣ  Ļĺӿ¾Ҫͷˣ
쵼ģнˡسĸһЦŵ
ȷ̰ܻߣʵ
һƵĿź˵쵼̰ܻߣǱЦˣһȽʮǿɶ͵ģĻϳ鵽˭Ǿ˭ûղһҲǳЩɶͨȺڣҲ̰ܻ߰ɣ
һû뵽⣬ǺȻ˵ˣ
˵ʵһŵĻĿԣϾ˭һܹĺö  һɫҲǺɵʵⲻܰ
쵼ûʲôܵģֻҪߵˣɶнƷġ˰ٸˣεĽƷҲǼֵʮҵİ
سĸ״˿̸оԼӣԺԼǰ˭ҲҶԼˡ
ʵһжΪһݻޱȵĻˣȻϿȽϵĺᣡ
ʲôεĽƷʮҵθ찡ʲôŪʲôƷҲ̫˰ɣ
оԼЩ׵ıˣ֪ôԼˡ
һ˸һȽ֮ԼоһĿ䡣
Ǹ˶һټֵʮĽƷʱ׵ˡ




1504죬Ҽˣ
 

࣬ŵλã
ɫ𾪣һͺسĸףһҺ֪ӣ  һЦŵ쵼ϻױƷеĹϵװһֵ֧ʮ
ÿ˶УȻ֪ϻױƷܲǿɾQУ  ױƷѾǳΪQеĽˣ  Ȼûȥι۹ϻױƷܲǴССĻᵽĴ
Ǽ˶ĽõְĻױƷ˵ʵ⻯ױƷġ
ţÿ˶У˵ûһȽˣᷢһһЦŵ
ҵθԹԣһȽĶȽʲôҲЩʱֵһ䡣
Ƚеϡƽһֵʮı525һЦŵ
⡭⻹ϡƽεĿͦ󰡣
ҡֻڶȽһȽ˵ģ쵼֪һȽʲôӦҲ֪һȽȷ㲻ʲôɣ
һź˿гһ˵ζ˵ǼҲ ˵ǳҲգֵֹġ
һǶȽأ
ȽȽҪúܶ࣬һSĽγֵ򣡡һЦŵһȽ쵼Ѿ֪ˡ
ȽȽжٸЩĽʵ
˵ģҪҲܹиĻ˲˰ֻϧѾûˡ
ȽʮȽһٸһڶ齱Ҳһ㣡  ˭Qƺûмôţ˰ɣҲ̫ߵ˰ɣ
ߵ˼ѾǷǳĵ͵ˣҸ쵼Ҳڳ֪ѣһ˶֪﷢ʲôһ
е͵ˣȥ̨˵ˡ
˿̣رĲãһ˸ֵһȽԺӵĲˡ
Լһӣû˼и׬ö࣬һ˻ǽܲˡ
һ̰ڰֵ˵쵼һ̨˵䲻ģǻûʸ񰡣
һΪ˸ţ˰˵ִ֪𣿡ŭһ
ΪãһҲŭˡ
˺أԼȥҲǲںϵǰˣ
û뵽һﾹȻһֱǺԼ֣ҪȥҲŭˡ
һ󣬺õúܣ㾹Ȼֱŭһ
һԺسĸ׿̵쵼˵ģǲȥ
һǰɣҺҪǾƣǲ֪νԺơ
һŭˣĶ˵Ҫ˵Լиİ˺̨ƵʸûУȫǶԼһַ̰
ԺһҪֵĳ嶯ҪΪǻֳĻͷˡ
ڸҲûʲôˣ  سĸ׿źһ಻Ҳ֪ʱҪ͸¶һʲôˡ
ź쵼Ȼô˵ˣԼһŵһɣ㿴Ǳ˭
˭
һس׵Ļվŵһſ˹ȥ  ղʱ򣬺Ǳ߾Ƶʵ̫ˣԺûп嵽˭
ڼΪĹΪ벻ʲôţ˹ֻ΢΢ɨһۡ
һ̷ҲûйٳǸˣ  ˿̣վǱ߿ȥʱ򣬺ȻЩԾ
ӳһϤӣ̫Ϥˣ
ΪһٳˣĶǱؿĶҲΪˣŷǳģ
һϣ˻һ飡
⡭⡭Ǻϣ
࣡  ĺ֮зһټ䶯˱߻أôҲû뵽Ȼһط˺Ĵ
ҲǺ飬Ϊ˿ϵһ̶ӵġ
쵼ǺϣسĸСԸղ˵İ컹ûʸ񡭡
ҡҡ죬Ҽˣ
̬һٰʮȵĴת䣡
֪һʹĻҪǳȥ۵ĻʱҪڶˡ
ȻһЩͣվ컹һ˰  һź쵼ҿûǿ֤飬ҽһ̨ȥ֤ˣ
һǡʲôǲҪȥϡ
ʵǷǳȥģϾԼ˵ѯһ󣬵˵һͬ⣡
Ͼܹͺ˵һ仰Ժ¶ʱ




1505𺳵ľ
 

һţ
ϵǱ죬س򸾶оԼ岻ϻ
ϣҸСϾһ׸վҲǹЦݡ
úúã
ֺǺǵĿף·ǿԼӽһ㣡  ʵϺ׵ĸЩʦѣǰ׵Լѡ꽻
һԵĻ˼Цŵ˵ָ磬ûмˣһָһը
ǺǣһȥģԵһʱ䡣ûʲô°ɣ׿Ż˼Цʵ
㻹˵£˼׵Ϊָ飬Ҳûи˵ҪȻȹ˽˵
ʲô˵ɡ׿Ż˼Цŵ
ʵҲʲô£ϼǱߵ쳽˵ɣ˵̵ܵܶϴѹء
˼һƵ˵ϾЩҲǸо˾޴Σ  Ͽ׵СװʵҲ˵ˡ
֮ǰԤϵˣϾ˵ĲƷ֣ܵżҲǷǳ飡Цŵ
ǰСװЩ˵ִȽϵĴҲġΪĿǰҵľҵѾǳˡһô˸ܵ¸ڵΣ
̾һЩҲòǣ
ȻǶ֪쳽˹ƷƣгΪȫ̰ơ
Ҳòһʵ⣬ǾǾҵ  οڻ˵г˲ȥҲûκεİ취
˼ĿǰгһҲ򲻿ǶҪţ
ţǺǣΪʲôҪţǹҵЩȽҲûиǹҿŰɣЦ
ЦһЩ˵Ǵ󰡣
Ͽ׵Сְһʲô㰡
׿źϵϣʱûҪǼţǾģ
ɣ֮ںúõ̸һ̸ΣЦʵϾһ°
ϣһ뷨Ҵ㽫һֵĹȨתøңҪôǮҲûжٵãŹҪһǮģ
׿źԴǵ˵˵ʵҪôĹɷûá
ѾĿʼתˣֻ仰ӵ˶°ͣ
ָ磬˵ɶҪѹɷתˣ˼𾪵ĿףǿɶǮ  תøңСְ뷨Ҳһ𾪣ĴתõĻǹҲĵģǻᰴгչΣ
ϣ֪ϼŰٷ֮һĹɷҪǮ𣿡
˼źϣϼǾһһ㣬ǰٷ֮һҲְ  ϿŻ˼΢΢һЦһǲ֪أ٣ϼſһ½𵰵ļǮֵõģ
ϣ㲻֪³֪ϼڰٷ֮һĹƱֵٵǮ
һҲǹһЦѾ˾޳ͣ
Ż˼˵ߣҲһȤ
˼׵ָ磬˵ϼڰٷ֮һļ۸֮ǰ𣡣
Ҳ˵ϼڵֵˣЦʵ
ţžģÿ鶼ǣ˼Цŵ
ЦŵǲٰСҪתõĻұ̬
ϣ֪Ҫ˵ʲô˵ת޳ģֻϣΪһЩ飡׿źϳ
ʲô޳
ϵɫһ䣬Ҳû뵽׾Ȼ˵Ļ
ǵģҴ޳תðٷ֮ʮĹɷݸңҲмҪ󣡣Цŵ
𺳵ľ  һ̿Щ˶ǸоһˮըǵΧѿ  ֳױȵģ  С˵ϵ͸һ˷֮ɫ  ЦŵһϣԭڶϣԺĸרҵְҵˣϣϼŵǮһרŵʽС飬ÿһǮûĵطȥ
Ͽײס̾Сְ˵Ķ԰ҪȻһģ֪˶أ⻰˵ſ϶ǿʵֵġ
˼Ĵָָ磬Ⱳӳ㻹ûз˭
ٷ֮ʮĹɷݣһǧ𰡣  ôҲû뵽˵;ȥˣѾҲ̫ˣ  ΪԼ϶ûȥģڶҲͶأ  һԺس׵ݣҲһ𾪣
ֲ˵ĺ˼ϼŵĶ³
˵һܹһƵϯֱвƱĸʻҪͰ
س򸾵ļ֪ˣһεĻǽΪĻˡ




1506еȦͬѧ
 

ϴ˿ҲһƬľ̾
˵ʵǰ˵ģ˾޴˭Ҳ׵ȥġ
Ҫ֪ײŶʮͷǰǻкöġ
ʱ˼һԼʲôģӴһô׵óȥأ  û뵽ⲻ֮䣬龹Ȼôķˣ
̫ͻȻˣ
ںԼû׼һ뵽ҲڲͬҲȻˣ  Ϣڹ˵һشãôǮÿԸɵʵ̫̫ˡ
Ǿƶɽĵȵ鶼ҪǮάֵģ
ϼÿνһӴ֣
һƣҲǴ˵̸Ҳ̸Ĳˡ
ƵĹ̷ǳѸ٣Ǿ֮ˣ໹ֱͨͨ
˵һεĽƷɻ˼ṩģҲȻˣ
ǿ׸ĹӰҪ˵һڶڱ˵֣ЩǧڼУҲǾţһëѣ
ҲûٻصȺĻؼˣ
㹻ˣٱ֮ʻ˼صһϼŵĻױƷװ
һлױƷҲú˰죡  ˾ƹѲ֮ҲǶŸƱ׵ķ˹һǰĻʮλСѧͬѧ  ʵмСѧͬѧԭǲģΪ˵жãŷҲž͹ˣ
֮ǰ˻صظȺǴ˸кȻȺЩˣҲûа취ֹҪȻԵ̫С˲ǣ
˵ղûпȺǲ㻹Ҫ⿴
˵˵λ˵׻ǵСѧͬѧɣ⾴ҾҲûдɣ˵ˣǵìܸƺҲûʲôϵ
ǰʵҾȻ̬ȸһ㣬ɶЩͬѧǺܿİ
иҲǲ廰ûиоõжٵĵⲻǣ
߰ɣȥƶѣ˼׻˵ҪһŪһУ˵ģͳҲȥ
֪˭һЦȻʵҲǳȥġ
һ˺ƺƵĳ˹ȥ  ̨ϵĳ齱ڼѾλһȽˣ˿˭Ҳûעļˡ
˵Ҫܹ鵽Ҫģ  ô֣Ǳֶ˰
ǰͳ£ҲѹˣϾ˵ĴӦöǴģ
齱ͼ֣˼Ը£
٣Ҫ֪ǶĽƷɵˡȺҲǮЩֻƽһͳȥʮüǮôû˰
˳ǰţһ·Ҳ۷׷ף  ˵ҺϰĻǵƺû̫˼
˸ܣǡ»
һԲ֪˭һ˵Ŀⶼǰڶŵķ˹ȥ
˿»Ǳ־أƽʱ۵Ҳ٣Ҳֺ
꣬ļٵİֹ»ѧӡһѶҵ찡ǴЩģԱҲ̫һɣһЩҲ𾪵˵
һԵ۾㡭ǿԱǸǲǡǸϹ˼
˼
һŮһ˼⼸ֵʱҲ  ЩһֱԱߵ»˿ţЩŨصǶһ֣  һ˼֣˵Ŀһεת˵һ  ˼
ǿǵصصĳʯ弶˰˵ͷǮ˶˵ĳǷǳĴģ  Ǳߣҡҿͦģһע΢أһŵĿ˵
ҵѽôоߴطأҲʿˮ
ʱͷʵѾǿЩ˹ˣ߽ʱվ
λͬѧߡ
վ˴˸к  ˸Ͻ׵ķ˹ȥǿһϵĺϵʱ򣬳мⷽŲʶ֮⡣
Ļ϶סˣ
ϣ  Ȼ֪ģ֪һԵ˺ȻҲʶġ
˿̣ǵ֮г˲֮⣬ƺ֪ʣʲôˡ
˼㰡
һļУײҲһû뵽˼СӾȻôȺڻ  㣬ˣҿǳһ
һһʶϵԼظ˲ǻ˼Ȼܹ볤»ѧӵˣȻҲܹ볤˼ɣ  ˼ŷ΢΢һЦǻ˼ָСѧͬѧɣӭӭ




1507ͬѧ
 

һӸǰ  ˵˶һԲ̫֨ˡ
Ͼǿ˺Ĵ˵ʲôأ
Ҫ˵֮ǰǿףײȺǣڿϵһ̣  ֻһ뷨ǾȺP
ֲøղǸʲôĶžƱȻӰӶûпΪߵ˰ɣ
㿴Ż˼ҽܣҲŵһ£
ʵܶƺѾʵϾ⿴ʵǲ̫Ǽٵġ
ǻ˼ҽ֮һ㣡  Щŵʵף⡭Ǻϣ
š
ֻһȻͷһԵЩͬѧһЩĸо
ǡǸףܸǺϸӰɶ𣿡ŮףһΡ
׷Ƿ棬ЩŮ˾ʱǰصģκһᣡ  ЦŵͿˣ
˼ЦŵȻָͬѧǾǵѰӰûⰡһ˸ָͬѧһС
ȻǱģϻױƷ׺У  Щͬѧǹ۵ĻױƷ׺УǼѣ
ȼŮ˶ϻױƷоǳȻƽʱЩ
ǵŵľһ׼ֵʮĻױƷν콵ư
ڵǸʲôİôţ
˭֪أ֮ǰһΪȺĻţ棬ڸ˼ߵĻֱ
ʲôɱ԰ͺϺͻ˼һվûпɱˣ
ȺղŻ˵ôôģԭ͵˼װ
ǰ˵ڵ׸ʲôôʶôţأһȥȺ˰ɣ
ЩͬѧνǾԵǽͷݼҲûа취飡  ˭ǵԤںǿĶô޴ķأ
ҲΪˣԼͬѧзǵţ棬һصĸо
պӰǩɶģͬѧǳĿ  ⲻиǽӴĻᣬߵʱһ˻˼ʮĶ
ֻһƣԴõһֳ˶ĸо
ף
Ⱥ˻ۿԼĻʮӾͽˣǻˡ
һεĻȺ˻۸оЩ̫ˬ
Ⱥүʲô˼׹һˣǶûоƾ˰
˻ΪĲ죬ղžƱű˹ȥҲû˵ʲô
Ͼ֮ǰЩһһιȥ϶Ҫһسӵġ
ֺ֮󣬾ȻһȥͷˣȻְܸߣɶԼضûаɣ  ҪǸ˺ȱߣ˻ҲһĲˣ  Ⱥ˻ЩƵ˵үиİ˺˼Ҳġܹ֤ѾǸˡ
ӣҿ¾ǿɣ˻Цһ
Сۣʲô˼ҪǿǵĻ˼һ֤飿ȺҲЩ˵Ŀ˻۳
˻ۿȺӣãҾͲ˵ˣ㣬ǰͬѧأô°
ǣǰ˰ɣҲ֪ģǻ϶ûһҪߵĻʱҲô򰡡
ȺҲ˸ɣʵҲǷǳ֣  ЩͬѧȻԼкһ¾ˣҲ̫˰ɣ
˻ۿȺЦһ㰡㣬ǸղŲǸ˵ȥͬѧƭǣʲô˼
һ治֪ղǵȷ˵ҪȥƵģһǻǱʲôء
Ⱥ˻ۣҲЩãȻ  ˣ㿴ͬѧʲôⰡһɵģһô𣿡
˻ŭɶ˵Ҫ֪ͬѧǱߣоһĲг  ղԼİ軹ʣΪʲôͻȻ֮أ  ⲻ˻Լݵǰ̧ͷ  ֪˻ΪЩǴأ˻жµûţ
Ⱥ˻ҲƵ˵ȳ˼ϣ˵ô죿Ҳν˰ԺҲʲôˡ
ñʲôһʲôǸʲô׵ģקĸƵã֪ĻΪжţأʲôⰡ
˻ǰѻ׵ϣľ  ʵҲǼҪǿϱÿ̫ĻҲڷչӡ
ͬΪԭҪѱ˸ȥˣվڱ˵߸һ㣬˻ˣ
ȺҪο˻ۣʱȴףĴűƿˣȥʮӵǰͬѧǻˡ
һ˸߲ҵӣȺ˻۶סˡ




1508ɵ۵Ⱥ
 

ף  ͬѧ߹ʱȺ˻Ҳӭȥ
˿Ⱥ˻۵ʱɫΪĹŹ֣  ˻Ⱥ˻Ҳһϡ
Ʊ΢΢һЦλͬѧղǲ˼֮ǰȷЩæûüкλͬѧⱭҸλǣϣλ½һ°
Ⱥ˵㰡㿴˼һкš
˵Щˣһ׸ȺǱȣԭס˻һӾˡ
˻۳ǱҺϰһ񣬵ȻеĻˣһҾ;ʮеæҲģ
ϣȺŻͭǾ˵һ䲻ǰɣ
ҲЩˣǸо˾޴ȻҲھȺʲôˡ
˻ʲô˰˵ʵ
СۡȺҲЩ죬ȻЩͬѧЩ֣Ҫİ  ˻ۿȺô˰׵ȻдͬѧֲðϯдͬѧֻҪȱƾˣ׬ˣ
ȺⷹûˣһҪ˵ˣûǣ˼Ҷû˵
ȻվԼеĶ׼ˡ
һԵЩͬѧһվһٷԲҲûʲô˼ˡ
Ǻܶ˻ڸղŵ˷֮УղһЩͬѧ鲻ˡ
񿴵һͱȺŸˣȻǸӵĲˬˡ
ˣʲô˼ĵǲǣȺҲ˵
ʲô˼˼̫Сˣ˼׵ţǱϹϾġ
ûжԱȾû˺  ˻һ⻰ըëˣ  ˵Ǻþƺò˵дǣû뵽ǾȻӣǲһУͰǸˣǿ԰
ˣû˼ֱӾͳ˹ȥ  ȺһˣҪ߳ţԺǾͱˣ
Ⱥҿ㻹ǺúõĹ̹ܽܽŰɣǲ֪ν˼׵һֺͷȲϡ
˵꣬һ»˶߹ˣ  ǸվߵķҲǣҲǣ  ʵҲߣΪԼûж˼ֲߣ  Ϊ˻СĹۣҪߵĻԺѶûа취ˣ  ǱҲżѣԺҪǿ˻ǡ
㣬ҲҪߣ˻ۿŷʵ
εһЦ˻ۣʲô飿ôأǶͬѧһҸղ׼š
Ǹʲô˻ЦһԽԶԽãʡĿ
С۰ⱩƢҲøһİÿ˼ûиǼƽϣҪȻǡ
˿Ҳˣڲ֪˼Ƕôţ
ףʲôôôңһ鶼Ҫ˼ҹһļһ治֪ΪʲôôƳΪƯһ㣿ͷƯܵԣ
˻۵ɫԼѾ˱ߵıԵ
ҪΪȺӣҪˡ
ȺŷҲǵ㣬Ҳ֪ղǸгͻʱô˵Щ̫׵ɣ
Ҳ֪̫׵˵Ķʵ֪˼׸ͬѧǵʲô𣿣
㿴˻ۣҲ΢΢һ̾˵
һʲôֲǲ֪ǽĽƷǻ˽ʮǮİܱȵˣ˻۲м˵
Լɡ
㶼֪ô˵ˣҲ̫˼˻ˣʮ飿һеǮ
˻۽ӹеĶȻһڵ  Լõľǹϵеģһһ׵֣û뵽ŵľȻǹۡ
⡭Ǹģ˻ۿŷĭʵ
ɲզΣһݣȥ˶У㼤˵
⡭⹫װǽʮ򰡣ôܣ˻۲ŵʵ
׵һģ֪˼һȽʲô궼ǣ
ǡʲôȺһҲǵɴ۾ʵ
סǸʲô̺ĺլһʮһĽȻǶȽʮֵıȽҲǼֵʮıڳһݡ
࣡  Ⱥ˻ɫֱ䣬Ѿɵˣ  ˿̵ʵǲԸһģǸһ㣬һ㣬鳵һ˻ôǮ
û꣬˵İɣ˼Ҷȥ֤ˣ˼»ѧӡһѶЩʹǶ˺ü㿴ֻƬ
Ⱥ˻֪Ϊʲôղǰͬѧȫˣ˿ǿŷֻƬƵɫһƬң  ˲һ˿뷨ֻϣϽ




1509ºسҵĲ˼
 

׵ĻȻֳǸߵ˺ܶ࣬ܵ˵ǱȽϵĵ͵ġ
سһڶ֪ʲô飡  ׵뿪һͺسĸĸҲ˺سߣ
˿̣ҲʣΪļˣ칫˾Ǯ˼ҶҪˡ
˵ⱳϰҲ˼úسоԼһǮûлװ׵ôĺô
˵İ˹ܳǼֵɶǧ򼶱ģ
ڵĺس˻Ʈգ  衢첮
سˣҲǹ˿̵ϻ˷ޱȡ
Сϲ˰һЦŵ
첮һùϲأǰεͷﰡسҲ΢΢һЦ
Ǽʶˣ˵ʵⱲҶˣǵƵ¼ƺԺ󣬿ɵøһذ
һŵľһõĻ䣬ţȥܴһˡ
سЦŵһģ첮İɣ
سϵ̾һ֮ǰĽҺϰ϶Ҫأû뵽
ǰʵû뵽ԷȻʵ˵ǿһҲ̾һ
Сְ㣬֪Ǹʲôͷ𣿽ݹ˵İҸ첮ں涼ɵˡ
سϵ˿Ҳһļ۷һ㣡  ȻҲ֪ʵûжĹϵԼҽȷմˡ
ЩһˣԭһЩô̳ѣ˿̿ǿ׵һ㡣
԰
سһʮֵĸо  һһҲǵǰС첮ҲЩ֣׺ȥûʲôôʶôţˣQʲôʱôһ갡
һԵĻʵЩ̲ס˵첮ʵ֮ǰҲ֪Ǹʲôģ֪һЩˣ
ţѧ첮ǰɣһ
һһô˵̵첮ܹ䡭ʵݵʱҲһûĻӦþϼŵĶ³
ʲôϼŵĶ³ĸϼţһʵ
ĸϼţױƷǸϼҿôᣬҲһСֱͨͨ
سҲǵͷ첮ɲ֪ǿţûǲ֪Ͷ֮ţ֪֮ǰһʲô˵ľ𣿡
ʲô˾
һоԼھһܰԵŮһѣ̲סҪ֪
ϼűQţҵȫȫţҵΪQдӰǳѰġ
йϼŵϢһȻһִɰʵ׵̬ˡ
˵СˣϽ˵˵ֲˣֲȥ˵ġسϵһҲǲͣ
ղϼĸ֣ĵģ  ǺسĸĸҲѾǱ߻ˣһԻŵĸĸ˿Ҳһľĸо  س̾һղֶ³˵ҪϼŰٷ֮ʮĹɷ޳͸ң˵
س˵꣬һֲİ֮ǰĻ˵һ飡
һ֮̾һ˵ʵһûϼŴӷչҲʱ䣬ѾΪ˾ްԼˡ
ǰ˵ϼźֵǮģֵüǧذɣٷ֮ʮǶǮ
سϵҲһ̾˵ֻ⻰һ˵ͱȥˡ
ϰ֣ܱܲ˵üǧڣʲôЦس̵
Ϲ˵ģҲкüٸڰɣسϵΪԼ˵ˣĿڵ
һԵһЦŵ˵֪ϼŵʲӦѾﵽڹģ˰ɣ
ʲôڹģسϵһŵӿһ
سһԵ֮ǰ˼ٶ˵ٷ֮һĹɷڴ𣡣
٣ڣ𣿡سϵоЩʵǡǰٷ֮ʮһǧҵθԹԡ
ֹϼÿ춼ֵأĽ˵
ֶ³Ȼ󰡣һǹ˵ҲһشϢһ̵
Ȼ̸ףǷԽ̸ƺ˼ҾԽԽԶ
سһҰһˣżһһ뿪ϣپƵ꣬һˣһֲʵĸо  ˿ײδؼңϵǵϣپƵ궥ͳ׷棡  ϾߣҲһЩҪϺúõĽ̸һ  Ȼ˵ҹ׺ϵҲǲںЩ׵ĸĸݰһҵĸĸݶϣپƵ갲ס
Ҳ൱ڶˡ




1510׵
 

ϵķУ
ɳǱߣ˼ͻҲǸ
Ͻ״̬ϺڵҲһ˷֮ɫ  Сװ㲻ͷӰɣЦӯӯʵ
ЦŵȻǣʱ仹
Ǿͺãղ˵飬Ѿ˸Źϴ绰ˡϿ׳ֻ˵ôһ뷨ҪǺڿɻüģ
Źô˵׿źЦʵ
Ź϶Щˣû뵽ģ֮ǰҵ뷨һҲǾùչҵʼ
һԵĻ˼Ǹ˶벻ָôʱҵʱ⼱ɶ˼
磬˼ߴʤǰָ磿ҲһЦݵ˵
׹һֵСһһ͵ĸɶʲôߴʤʵǮҲˣҳԺȲΪǵĹ㹱ҲӦõǮ˷ѣҪˣ
ײʲôߣֻʲôģ
ӳϼŵһʵѾ˳׼ģ˵ϼžΪ츣һҵ  ֻ֮ǰǴڷչ׶Σǵһȶʱˡ
СְղֳҲûк˼ѯ̫࣬˶ӵģʵôվҵĽǶǺ޳ɵģǣе㡭Ͽ׵
װڰֵǣĲ㣬ϣһαһҵ̬ȣֻϣһεΪ棡ȻˣҵǰҪҪﵽҲϣΪ̣ҵĳɹ
һһģǶ㸺ҲǶǹҸ𣡣һ㣬ŹҲ˵ˣСʲôʱҪջɷݣʲôʱǾͻ㣡
˵Ҳǹҵ˼
΢΢һЦк仰Ҿ޻˵ˣɣԪʽʼӣʱ棬ϼһ飬Ȼ쳽һ¡
СְʵҲǳģǹͨһЩ⽻ֶΣ쳽ڽһг
ϿףʵоЩⲻȥˣ
ֻǸرúϸоЩ̫ƽ
Цҡҡͷû£ȥЩ̣Ȼ⣬ǴҲ
ѾжԲˣҲǾ㵵Ŀʵ
ʱûУŹ˶ãӦͽˣ
׵Ѿһͳ磬Щ̵ı϶Щǧ˿Ƶϵ  Ȼ˵ĻôֻҪһڣЩ˿϶֪Ѷ˵ˣ
ֻЩûа취̨˵һԵĻ˼׵ָ磬ҿɲа취ЩЭ
ҹһӻȥһˣÿǱʲô쳽߲ŵŵһʱҲǽġõĲƷԲȱгЩҲ֮ѣ
ţûһϵЩҲǻЭġ
ֻҪѡһ׵ķʽϾǹڣộҲҪͻ·ġ
ǱҲŴԱͼͥȻһʱ֮ǳˬⲢ׵ĳԣ  ˼׵ָ磬ӦûģֻǵĹɷôŪ
ǰٷ֮ʮĹɷǲᶯģ㵽ţ˵Цŵ
Ǻðɣʱţæɣ˼ʵ
һЦŵСװ㿴ΪôĸѾȻҪ棬㿴⡭
ϣ֮䱾ͲҪЦŵ
ϵͷɣ˫£ҲŬҲͨǵŬɣ
˼ЩڱһţһЩչʲôģǲμӣ˵Ȩûа
Ҳܰɣ׻ƿĿǰһĹңռ˽֮һгôһ鵰ǲĶ
ɫһŻ˼Ҳʵ
ؼûһܹվܶ˶ԼСžţϣһεĲ֮зֵһһڵʱ䣬ʳչҪĻˣһλᰡ
˼˿ףʵһλᣬ׻ˣһλˡ
ܶԼоɹȴһ
һεĳչԭǰӿ쳽𽥵ռгǱ̴ѹ  ܶ˶ڵȴſЦأ  һϼµһĻǵʱȫ̿»ӵռ
׿˿˼Ȼ˵Ļǿ鵽ܲһεĳչ֮ҵͻƿڡ




1511
 

У  ߵʱѾ»֮ˡ
˱أߣ׵֮һ˵ȷؾ̫幬
ʱҪ׼ˣѾǳΪˮػߣȥɽ磬ʱǿԻġ
ҲΪĵ׾ӿ첽ɽ磡
ϾѾкܶ˽ɽ磬ҲЩԼŮ˺ͽܵİΣ
һʲô״ʱԼڵĻᶼûˡ
ϼŵܲʱ򣬷ƺ֮ܲǰǸܲ
˭
һģ˿׵ĵҲЩɻʵ
ﲻϼţ׸оһƣûˣһƺѾǱˡ
ϼţϼŵһ֧쳽ܲǸЩ԰˵
ϾھϼŵһǰҲǾñӣ
쳽ܲϼŵܲأ׿λʵ
ҪϼŵܲĻиַϼŵܲߵرԶԶǸ߸ߴ˫¥Ǿµܲ¥
ǸҲͦģԴϼŴ֮߰쳽˵Ǻܶࡣ
Ŷлл㰡֪ڲڣ׿űʵ
ڿأʶܣǱЩɵʵ
Ȼʶ˰ǺǣѣЦŵ
Ǳ̾һԭܵѰԵһ°ɣǿȥ֪ͨ
УҲǺż׵ǲż
ʵκһλıʵλ˽Ƿǳȫġ
ҲҪʵص˽һ쳽˾ȻĿǰ쳽˾ӪվǹϼŹĲ
ŵƹϼʱ䣬ʱѹûл
ҲҪŵϼŸŪôˣ
ͳһ̣ȻݸһǸЦŵ磬հ
ɶ粻İҽȺϼҽũġǸЦŽӹ׵ݹ̣Ȼ̰ϵܣɶ
ףҲܻ䣬ֱ˵Լ֡
СְѣȺײǻˣһôĿҲЦ
ţƭʲôЦŵôžһ˿ţ
ɲզΣǰģڡȺȼ˵е̣Ȼ̾һ
ôˣƣҲɻʵ
׻С㻹֪쵼˵㣬ߵȻǱӳ˵£ȺƵ˵
ǱӳҲһ߰ɣҪ˭ӲʲôģһҲæ׿Ⱥʵ
ˣˣܱסҾˡϼŹҲͣҸҲáȺ̾һ
զ°ơ׵дһ˿ŭ
Ⱥ׵СְѣҸ˵˰ÿ춼æǸӣøôҲٸ°ɣ
ܸʲô˼ʵ
ȺɻʵСְ㵽ǲܵѰ֪ܵ
ƣⲻǸմӹûˣԸҲϵһιΪ˸š
ҵĵҲ޷죬ȺһӾ׵Ļ
׵ͷǰҲǹĴѧҵġҸ˵С֣ɲ֪쳽ڵ⻼
ûôŰɣ쳽治ǻϼϼôǮ쳽ܲôŰɣҾ֪쳽ڹӦûǿԵİɣ
ʵҲ֪ȺӦòᶮô࣬Ҳǿǰ˵׶٣  Ⱥ׵СְͲ֪˰ɣ˵⻼쳽Ĳզΰ
Ҳ׳ʵ
ֻһɣ˵ôǰͶ˵̫ߣȻ󶨼ֵͣɱѿưȺ΢΢һ̾
֪һЩ쳽˾ڲô׿ȺЦʵ
ڲǲôܵĸ綼µˣȺ̾һ
µˣ𣿡׳ʵ
СְѰܵ㶼֪Ⱥʱ򽥽Ŀʼס
΢΢ͷţҸҲʶô°
Ҫһǰʼ˵ɣǰ쳽һƬٰڵЩΣĸоˡǴһԿ֮󡭡
ȺʼĽľԴԿ֮ƺȨܹʼµˡ
üͷȺһУдһ˿ķŭ
һﵽ״ʲôطðģȻʱȨһⰡ




1512±
 

쳽˾ܲڣ  ׺ȺǱһľǰСʱ˿̵ײ֪׷ʲô飡  ƣ˵Ƕܲõͬѧ׳ʵ
ɲզΣһͱΪ쳽˾ĸ߼ܲãֱӾܵ氡Ⱥ̾һ
ܵ棬˵йɷݵİɣ˼ҲǸɶɣ׳ʵ
С㲻֪ϼѾȫչ쳽˾ĹɷݣĿǰҲǴ߶ѣȺ΢΢һ̾
ȫչ˭Ⱑʵ
˭ŵ£˵ģóһԵķ֮չϼ쳽˾ĹɷݣҾ˵۸ѹĺܵͣ
ȺȻֻǸʵҲһרҵˣֻʮˣҵһнʴ涼ĹҲûˡ
ѧҲߵġ
ԿΪʲôҪչϼŵĹɷݣ׿ȺȺ΢΢ҡͷ˵СְҾǸŵģܶϵ˵һЩ쵼뷨ǾͲ֪ˡ
ðɣƣ⿴ŵô£ʵ
Ҳգ֮ǰһܹʱΪҲʶûзУ
Ⱥһƣ֮ǰѾǸɵ˱ӵĸӳְˡ
һӱһߣףΪһŵˣҲһı
Ĺʺ͸̫ˣڼǱְнҲǸԸߡ
Ϊ㡾ְأȻͱְˣʵ
Сְ㻹ᣬ֪ĵ쵼ҪȨġȻ鲻ң쵼֤ӰһССıӵȻûôҪˣҪ֪ǿǼŶܲõͬѧϵ˭𰡣
Ⱥףһ˵̵ģ
һҵչһ׶ΣȻ֮ǰôıֳˣָȨνǷǳĸӣ
ʵҲףϼվҲǱⲻһ̡
ҲΪʲôҪԭϣŬıϼŲͬ
ɹˣܶǺѸıģ
ڵҲˣԿˣ϶Ҫȡ֮
ײһֻ۱һֻ۵ˣȺư㶮Ļͦ
Ϊϲ쳽˾ոճʱ򣬴ǶôĻ֣㿴ڣһƬټҵû֮ǰԤܶ˶ǸоԹ˾Ըн
Ⱥ̾һʵҲôġ
ƣǸȵôµİ׿Цеʵ
Ҹ˵ˣɱʱ򰡣˵
˵ƣ˵Ҹ˭˵ȥǺǡЦŵ
ȺԥһµܵѣҪܵǰĻʱ⹤ܶ˰
ģлģ״ŰƱȻֵһ̹ȥ
ȺƺΪԼ̣ԼҲЩ̫˼ˡ
׵黹ΪԿԿʮˣأ
ʲôϵ
׿ȺһƣȻоϵһ飡  ؕܲò绨Сֲǲ֪ҪлĻС϶Ҳ׷Ǖܲõİɣ
Ⱥףһӵ
ʼðɣ˼ԿҪ滨ѹģ
ɲզأţ۲ݰ˵һʼʱ˽ԼܳԹüηֵ֮ľЩ죡Ⱥҿ˿
Ȼأ׿Ⱥʵ
ȻȻˣһ¥ֱӴԿܣٺſȸܲãô򵥣
Ⱥ׳Ȼǲ֪쳽˾洫ҲǷзġ
ϼŵ˾ͲһܣϼŵӦҲŵİɣ׳ʵ
ֲǲ֪ܿǶܲõͬѧǱֱӳ֪֮ͨǰǰ칫¥ģȺ׵
ʲôʱ°ʵ
ûйȥ೤ʱأҲǰɣȺ
׸׼Ⱥʱ򣬴Զˣ
ȺԭǱ٩٩̸ǿԶ߹ˣŵøϽ׵С֣㡭ȳȥɣ쵼ˣ
쵼˭ʵ
Ⱥʲôأ
ʱŰƷӳȺķ˹ɫȻ
Զӣ⡭ⲻǼ˸СҡҾһ¡ȺЦݿǸͷԶӳ
ݣҿ㻹ûгİָ֪֪ܵʾǶ½ûˣһ̹
ԶӳȺд˲мƿر˵ĸоǳܡ
ֻϧƺҴ˶ˣ




1513Űİӳ
 

쳽˾
ԶӳȺƺһ˿ĸɫʣ
׿ԶӳһЦƺûҲ˵İɣӦ²ſ֮˵ɣ
Ӵǣưû뵽ݻԶӳЦһ
ȺȻ֪ܵѣ쳽˾ҲЩٲά裬Ҳ֪ʱôܹܴ鷳أ
ѾˣԿ쳽˾ȻֻǶ֣˵ȴܻҪã  ˵ڵԿƺ쳽˾ĵˣ
ԶӳҲԿݣսһʱ䣬ѾһССİԱ˰ӳ
⹤ʴҲǷֹνһ˵õȮ죬¾ˡ
С֣ȱ˵ȺЩĿףȻתԶӳԶӳϷϷ
ϷǺǣ̬ȲϿҰ̬ȲϿҵνݵ̬ҸоΪѰ
Զӳһףгӵĸо  ԭΪϼŵİԱҸоǸһȣҪ֪ͨϼŰԱĹʴ൱һĽˡ
ԣܶʱҲǽԼݵλġ
ϼžǱԱƺǸһȵĴڡ
Ⱥף֪ӦôȰˣΪ˼ҿɲԼݡ
˼ܵѣһŵİԱָܲʹ˼ܵѸʲôɣ
Ⱥں޲óԼӣ֪ᷢղͲˡ
ŪԼСֶ²̨ˣ  ׿Զӳ˵ҵ̬ȳϿҲϿңƺֲָֻŰɣ
ãϲ˾и԰ԶӳٺһЦ
һվԶӳԱߵǸ˵ưݻ治֪ô
Զӡӣ¹ҲҪˣ͵ТλӳģλкáȺɫҲ֪˵³
ǸԶӳǿܵݰ  Ҫǵ˵ĻԺԼĿͷأɲҰעѹߣ  ܵݣԼһССİӳ˼һ¿϶Ҫˡ
ڲ׵˭ѣȺҲҵǰˡ
ͦʶӳȺ¶һ˿ЦݣȻһԵԶӳԶӣҲԱˣǾͱΪ˰ɣ
ߣߣ
Զӳƺŭδ˱ˣȻҲˡ
׵̬ȣѹҲûзϣ˵Щ鶼ʲô¡
˵Ц׼뿪ֻǾʱͻȻƿţȻ˵վס
ӴǣСӣ㹻ţİԶӳסˣû뵽ȺЭˣһﾹȻͷһ  Ⱥһ׵ӣҲаһ⣡  ҪİִĻɾҪ˰  ȺףϽСС֣ⲻ飬㡭
Ϊʲôҵ飿˭ǵȨ۳ƵĽģ˭ǵȨȥµĹʵģ
Ȼĺǳֺֻǳڱ˿ƺһЦ

һ󳰷Ц뵽׵ĶУüͷֱ壡
Щ˹ȻӲɽ̰
СӣŲھ²˹ƹΪǸʲôҸô˵
ԶӳһԿò˭  ǰСӲƵһݶѣ֪Ҳûɶ
Կ쳽˾ƺһɣŭˡ
û뵽һİȻܹ˵ſĻ쳽˾չʲôˡ
ֲĿǰгٳûд򿪣ڿеԭҲȫأ  һ͸ˣ쳽˾ھԣǰɣӳ绰²ܼ࣬һˡ
Զӳȷʩӣ֪ĻΪԼǸԿأ  ׵Ŀƺܹɱһ㣬û뵽ڵ쳽˾ȻѾ˵ĵز  ŵ  ״˿ŭԿŭûжڶŵŭأ  ĵİѹ˾ŵĿľΪöŵܹϼš
ֻǿһ쳽˾ܹĳϼڵǸʲôӣ  ֣
ֱǺ֣  쵹ҪܼǲԶӳĻ  ҪĻǿɾͱˣ
ϣʹ绰ƣԼɾͱ˰ӳٺЦһ
ȺоԼһһ̱˵ϣ
Զӳһݹ¶Ѿûˣ




1514ǿƵԿ
 


쳽ܼ࣬˿ڿᣬֻϵ绰ҲЩǸȻ˵˼ҽӸ绰
ٿ쳽˾и߲飬ĿŵĴصĽĹ˾Ƿǳĺġ
Ͼڻǹ˾ܲðɣ  ԿˣȻϼŴֱģԿΨһĿɽ  üͷܼ࣬ڿᣡ
ܣ¥°ŵӳĵ绰Ӧʲô飡һֿ˿һԵԿ
سʲô·ᣡ
Կ΢΢һЦܰǸһǹһ֣ͬҲҪܸղҲ˰СʱӦеˣϢһ£
ܣ쳽˾ĿǰѾ֮УֶľΪǵҵʲô˼
صгŭҪΪ֮ԼĻѾ߸ˡ
ɷѾȫϼţȻϼŵõһǮǮûж٣
Լĸ类֮ҲЩĻ䣡
׻ܹԼƺʧһ㣬ʱûп׵䣡  Ŷ˵ֶ³Ѿ⣬Ҳˣ
һֱǿţΨһ֧Ҳˣʲôأ
Կ쳽˾Ҳϼŵооȥ󻹲Ǽ˵㣿
ܣŵĶܲͬѧܲԼŵſԹ̹ڹܵصȨ
ؼĿԿʵڹгҲٳٴ򲻿һԭΪܵصȨ⡣
ΪڵûеõȨҲʵʩ˵ط壡  ʹԭ쳽ڹڵҲЩٲά裬ϾûôĳȥƷأ  쳽ڲϵţѹѾһǳصĵزˡ
ҪڲſȨչĻʱ쳽ԼҲԲˡ
ܲһֱϼŵʽɣ
ϼͶѾǳһǧˣһڲϵͶǮ
ҪһȵģϼҲôֹ  ʵҲǹףʱȻ˵Ҫ͹ڵ̺ôûκεἰ
ϼҲûһȷĿ꣬ʧôʱ䣬ܶôţ  ȻˣŵԭҲҪſߵģԿһֱԼĹ۵㣬ԿҲģھγһֵľ棡  ԿҪ쳽˾ܲõλãֻҪõλˣʱȨȻͻӲ޳ɵ޳ˡ
ΪɲһҵأֻصλøӵĹ̲
ܣڸܲоҪоʲôǹ˾ƶ⣬ûһϸĹƶȣ˾ķչͲ᳤ãСȽӵ绰
Կһ̫ĸ֣Ȼҵû˵ȨϷ棬Ե÷ǳۡ
˵ΪְλĻܱסԼλã
ι
˵绰ӳ˵һ֮ͨҲʾԼ֪ˣȻ˵绰
ԿСﰡʲôɲи
ܣһŵİԱ˽԰Լҵݴǹ˾ңϰʱ죬Զӳ֮ˡ
СҲҪ绰𣿡
ԿһʼΪʲôأԼҲû뵽ȻС¡
ܣǸȺݲԶӳǸҪ²Ÿ˵ԡʼ
˵ǳҪ֮ܰǰרųһţĲƽ㿴ôһС¾ҪǵĻ飬ʲô鰡и߲Ļ飬óһ飡
ԿɫȻڼҴ˾ǴģȨȻǷǳϤ
ؼȻԼ׷ɾͲˣ  ɫɷףһϰʱ̣ӦǺϡƽɣǸʲôԶӳҲǿϰʱ̵ģ⣬ǹ˾ԱˣҲƸģ˼ݣûеطȥһᣬƺҲ˵ùȥİɣ
ѽѽܰԶӳ̵֪ģڷǰ칫ʱ̵ġ⽲Ҫó֤ݵİСﰡȥһ£Ǹ˾ˣ
Կ΢΢ЦһʵղֻҪ˵һô˵̸ĳ˿  ҿ˭ңЩŭˣһӵ
ҲǱ⺱ķŭһ
ԿǸշһЦŵСﰡǷֹµģҵľˡ
ǿƣ
һܲþȻܲõ˵һʵ̫ǿˣ  ֱӴص  һĸоԼһõĹ˾ܲãȻһССסˣ  ǲһĪķ̣
Ԥ˽´˶ͶԿǱȥˣ
˳ȥһŭ֮Ҳǳ˹ȥ
ԿЦһҲǻ̧ӣĳȥ




1515ŭ
 

¥µʱ򣬾ͿԶӳָʹĶ׺Ⱥ˵ʲô
ɫһֱǳȻŭӿһ
쳽˾һزԼҲεģ  Ϊϰ壬һ߾꣬ҲΪԼڲڣЩŻӣ
Ҳûа취飬˭ԼѾЩأ
ܼ࡭
ԶӳӳĵԶӳֻǳ΢΢ͷ
һ˾İӳȻܼ̬ȣ˵˾ѾǲϹصˡ
״˿һĥĸо  Զӳ£ֵĿԶӳ
ȻҲ֪ԶӳݣǰҪԼܼӰɣ
ԶӳȻǽݹˣܼడ˲̣ܽɣ
Զӳ
Զӳ̬ȣҲΪΣ˭˼ܵأ  Զӳܼ࣬鲻ֵǱȥɣ
ڲڣԶӳ涼Ѿ֪ˣܸղҲˣҵ˼ǡ
ȻõԿָصĻҲ̫棡  ʵֲ֣ܵõ
ϲԿרȨ֮ˣΪͬһ㡣
Ҳ֪ѾջƻûʲôʵȨˣ
ҪȻĻʵԸصġ
ҿ㲻˰ɣصĻҲҪ㲻ʵİ尡
ԶӳЦһȻű˵治Լӣŭˣ
̵Զӳᰡֻ˵
˵ʲôʲô˵İҸ͸Ҹ׼ȺôΡ
Զӳͱ˵Ŀ̬Ȳ֪ĻΪʲôţء
̾һԡȻԶӳư
ܼ࣬㡭ڸһλɣҡҿָҺذȺɫѿ˼㣬û뵽ԼȻôĵù
׿ȺƣαظҡβأԽԽ棡һ˾ܼ࣬ȻһӳģҲǹģ治֪쳽˾Щ⣡
Сӣ˵һ飿ŲӴĹȣԶӳŭһ
һͲţЦһ
ԶӳŶԽŭһֵǶҳ
ܿ죬Ǳߺһ³߸ˣȥǸԵĻġ
С֣㻹ǸϽ߰ɣúǰ
Ⱥ׵ӣҲּ׼ֱǲͨʣһ˼ıˣҲǹⲻȥ
ȺļһҴ򡭡
ԶӳһһԵӳ¶һ˿Цݣ·Щ飡  ֻô׵Ķأ  ȭţ  ׼һȭһԱɷڵأԭ޵Զӳһסˣ
㡭ҴˣԶӳʿˮŭһ
ž  ֱһӳȥȻԺ۾һ㣬ΪиͿϼֻ죬ϼֲԣ
һŭˣŭ죡
˵ΪϼŵĶ³ǲӦøԼ˾µԱֵġ
ǽ̲סˣһССİӳȻָʹ쳽˾ܼȥһ  ˵ȥ¶ҪЦ  ҽΪһĳܲõݣ  ҪĻԺ˾ҪҪˣԼ˾ΪΪĵطˡ
ײ  ԶӳԼ죬ǿվ׼ݻŶǰһڣ  žͨһ˱߷ɳȥü֮⣡
ŵϵѪˮһԵŵһ仰ûи˵
Լһھͱ˸ˡ
ʱѾǴ¥Ͽ첽ǰѾ˳ͻʱҲһ
ס֣
شһһ󼱴ٵĸ߸Ьŵص첽ĴſڵĴ˹
ֻǵֱ߽㶵վߵʱƺ׻һ㣡  ף  û뵽ʱȻվߣֻҪ˵ʱȴҡͷֹˣ
ܣ⡭һﾹȻڹ컯֮´ǵİԱ⡭Ҳ̫Ŀˣ
Сô£˭ˣ
δ֮ʣԿҲǴ˽  Ϸһһ˸оЩۻң
Կһı飬̵ܣ͡ȺҵݾȻִǱӵˡ
̱˶ΪҰĵط𣿡
ԿһоӣҪ֪֮Уɲģ
ԭΪԶӳǱ̬ǿӲתӣЭ
һΪ׵Ķ֣ƺЩɿˣ
صһļˣƺһбûȻʣֻϧԿһʶϰ壡
ΪʱѾǲڽһʱˣ




1516˭
 

˭ұЩ˾ȡã
ؿףǹӱһӾͷ˳˿̵ޱȵǿ  Կصܣʲô˼ǹ˾Ա˸ˣ㾹Ȼ̻ǣ˭Ⱥ
ܣҡǡ
ȺԿʵԿܹʶȺ  ֮ǰһ⹫˾ʱ򣬾Ǳһ⣬ҪǵʱøϵĻһϰඪ˾Ͷˡ
ȻҪȺһˡ
ܺã㣡ڿʼҴ쳽˾Կŭһ˵ʲôˣ
ǡҵһȺ֪ô˵ˡ
׿ȺƣȥæĹȥɣ˭Ҳ㣡˭Ҫǿ㣬ҾͿ
ӴǣǷǺôĿԿû뵽˾Ȼôţ
гм֮ɫҪ֪ıǶŵģ˭ô  һλ˼ˣҲҪԼӵģ
ֻ˼ڹ˾ڲһ㶼ǲôܵģҲûи˼˵Щ顣
Ҫ˵ĻԻ˼ⱩƢͰˡ
ײԿ˿ص֪ͨŵϼŵĸ߹ܿᣡ
˵꣬㳯˹ȥ  ԿЩסˣ֪һ˭
֪ͨŵ˭ΪԼǸʲô
صߵߵĸ˽ȥҲһԵ˭ô񣿡
ܣҡ֪ܵĸоƺЩ̫һ
ԿЦһߣӲйװˣҵҪһ˭ߣ
Ȼô˵ԿɫȻЩˣδ֪ˣܵĸоЩ̫Ծ  Ͼƺ˵ҲЩӲ
˵˭
Կһ˿񼣬û˻ϼŵĵˣ  ܶһȻֶ֪³Ƚϵᣬǰ˿ȥǸӣ
ԿΪĹΪ˲ףҪ֪ϼŵЩ߹֮⣬׵ĲǺܶࡣ
ܿ죬ԿһεĻص˻ң
ֻ˿Ѿصλϣվ׵Աߣڻ㱨Ź  гΪʲô򲻿
׿سȻûзŭһԵȴЩš
쳽˾Щ߹ܣ׵ģ˶Կεˣʶף
Щ׵ˣ϶õˡ
Կ£Ҳľˣ
ͻȻ֮俴׵Ƕ֪ǹصĻǹԿġ
һʱ䣬ԵЩİ  ˿ףһǽͷӶƺѯû֪˭ģ  ֻʶ׵˲˵˸֪˵˭
һЩ˲²⣬ǲɹأ  пܵˣ˵ĶУ  ҪΪǱһֱûȨڵ̣ҲԵЩΡ
ʵܶһ۶ܹ쳽ƣ˼ұϾߣĹϵܺá
ط쳽ҪõʡȨԵЩѣ  ȻѺܿ챻ƣɼԵ޹ʵ˷ʱ䡣
Ѿʮֵĳ죬ôȥÿķüڶ
̶ɱͶʵ̫ߣ˭ҲǳԲ
׳˭ûȨⲻǺ𣿡
ǼŵĶܲãʵʵ˵ûȨ߸вͨ
һ׶ҲǱĺܣ  ҪϼŵȨǾͿԸ̺ˣȻܹṩ֧֣Ĺܶȫǰɣ  һٹгһд򿪣Ҳֻд˹гס쳽˾ܹǰ˼ȥɣ
ֻһиһ㶼һ  ŵ쵰
ŭӣһһŭȲΪŵûȨ  ҪΪĻûô
˭Ƕܲã
һ˿ŭһȻܵԿĶЩ̫ˡ
ֻԼƺûзվ˼ԱСһ㣬˵ϹϾģ
˾ڲԹɫ֣ƽʱŹˣ  ˭ȥ׳
㡭˸Ҫ˵ѾȥûУ
Ҹô˵㡭Ǹҵţ
û뵽ؾȻôԼ˵Ҫ֪֮ǰһֱϸġ
׳쳽˾Ĺҵ˲ĵز˵ϼŵĹɷϼˣ
ţܲø̸ģ˵Ϊϼŵ濼ǣʼ
ʹӦˣ׳ʵ
ؿ׵ֶҲ֪ģϼܹн죬ģȻҪջȥô᲻Ӧأ
øŵ̶ʱ侹ȻϼŸӣҵҪһôҽͣ׵˪һԵѾŵòҿˡ
ֶ  ֺʱ򣬳ʶ׵֮⣬˵ɫǱˣ




1517¡Կ
 

Կ߽ʱֺ  ûʶжôأȻоЩ֣ûⷽȥ롣
̬лȽϵĵ
ܰ˵Ҳ̫˰ɣϼŵߣԿ׾ȻصλϣҲǳ
Կʱ΢΢̧ͷ˿Կ
ҾԿ˭Կףдһ˿ʵ
˭һ֪ˣ㣬쳽˾һССİӳȻҶָֻܼţӳ˭ʲôȨô
׿Կŭһʵ
ԿЦһǹ˾ֲ廰ɣҸ㣬Ѿ͸ղ˵鱨ˣ͵ŵùɡ
ãҵ㣡Ĭһİ  ؾôԿ֪һһȻǲú֣  ŵոսӵصĵ绰˵ֶǵ쳽˾߿ᣬŵҲû뵽ֶһվûȥϼţȻȥ쳽˾  쳽˾ĿǰĴȷЩ΢Ƕŵʲô飬Ȩ  ˣϽ˹  ŵһοɲԼģһϼŵĸ߹ܣϾϴˣǾæҲù  ŵƿŵһɲǣصλϣǰֶڻ˰
ֶ
Կɫһףʵղôһ̣Ѿ뵽ԣ  ƺЩܣǰԭԼߺ˴˿һ˵һı飬Ҳʶ˲á
Կﻢˣ֪Ƕ³ûа취ͷˡ
Ψһ뷨Լˣŵ׵һ̣һ˿ĻԿԺˡ
԰㲻һֱҪһֶֶ³
ŵһֱǳ˸м֮飬֪û׵ĻԼľͶ·ˡ
һֱǸж£ֻԼҲû뵽ԼƸһλҵڸ߹ܣȻ˵Ĳ
ֶ֡ҡԿƺҪģ׵ӣ֪Լûʲô³ˡ
׿Ŷŵ΢΢һЦܰ˵λͬѧ
ǰԿҸܲãǿҵڿڱǺܺõġҹϸ£˲ҲϼҪģԡ
ŵƽʱ߸ϣ֪ıǷǳ١
һЩ֪ˣ´棬ҲǱЩ赭дˡ
Զŵûо쵽ԿʲôףΨһĲ׿¾ȱ飡
ݼȥ쳽˾ڹ˾ȻŹԿ
ϼղľģȵְ
ŵҲǴ绰أѯصô֪ʱѾŭıԵ˵ѣ
ȵϣŵΪԼģ֪鱳ôأ
׿Ŷŵ΢΢һЦܲãȻôãҾҪˣ
ֶҲûʲôҵءŵһЦ
ЦŵȻҪء
ֶ￴Цӯӯӣƺоһ˿ĲԾ
˵֮ǰǩǩʿȣЦʵ
ֶġҪ͡
׿ʲôӵ֪Ȼ˵Ļǽȥ֮һǩʣݻһ£ͻɿԿɡ
ʲôԡܣһҲһ
һԵĶŵ׻Ŀף֪׷ʲô飬ΪʲôֶոջҪԿ
ֶ⡭ǣŵףЩŵʵ
Լ˵Цһ̸Ϊɧءѹ쳽˾ԱôĹǸɲ˵Ǽһ˰ӳȻָܹʹָʹһܼ࿪ҵԱŵŵܲõúðǲǣ
Կ㡭ֶ˵ģ
ŵһһ˵˶ˣǷĸ˾ǶһĴڰ  ԿҲǵɴ۾ף֪׵ǴʲôطϢ
Ȼ˵ĶǶԵģʱԿܳ  ûûУ϶ţ㻹֪ҵΪ𣿡Կɫɷ׵˵

׿Ǹܼ࣬óһﻹûȫıֻκһ˶ѣ
Լվߣǿ˵ĳģ  ֶҡڡ
һ׵Ļվ˿ɫԿҲòȥ
֪Լ˵飬ͱֶأ




1518²Ķŵ
 

оԼΪΪߵˣѾͷֺð  ЩڣҪ֮ǰһǼᶨ֧صĻǹˡ
ֻϧϸûкҩ
֪Ƕ³һ̣Ժ֮һƬĻ磬֪Լˣ׵군ˣ  ׺ԼʱŵѾɪɪˣ
Ϊܼ࣬ϣܹʵʵ˵׿
ŵøϽֶҡ˵ʵҲûа취Զӳֶܵӣ˵ҪǵǵܣЩ˶Ǵ򹤵ģ˭Ը߲أ
Կŵֱ¡
Կ̵϶ţ⡭ǸС˵еȨģҸ֪鰡
ã㲻֪飡Ⱥô£׿
ʿˮǡܸʱΪȺסܵĳߣܵ˼ǰʶȤ˴ӰӸӳλϸһײİԱ
ʲôŭһ
ƺܲѹ˵

Щϼŵĸ߹û뵽ԿƽʱΪƵģȻӣ
ҪֻرҲûʲôأ˵Ϊʲôһ
ھҩҪŵĻ¶ˣɫߺ˵
ΪһŮˣǻûнŮ˵˭Ը˵أ  ΪڳصĵƺôһЩ
㡭ѪˣҪ㣬ҪǷ̰ԿɫҰףЩ۵ŭ
ž
ֱһӳ˹ȥԭ۾һ˹ĵԿһ۾ϡãһʺĶſ
ȴǲΪ飿׿ʵ
ǡǵģصҸʵΪԿǶܲõͬѧҶֶܲģǸжҲûа˵ΪľǸͶܲӡ
Կ˵
ŵֱӲһԵĲ豭ѾǶͷѪԿһεȥ
˵һλǫǫӣڱԿŪö֣ҪΪͷˣҲ  ŵһŭԿһǵ֪
һȱŮΪʲôҪ֣Ŀǰö֪鷢ڶŵƤӵ£оһ
ԼֶΣ˿̵оŭ죡  ܲãҶĺʧ׿Ŷŵ
ֶҵҸԸܷŵѾ޻˵ˣתһԵľϹԲܲãΪҵ۹⵼ȸܲܵ˵裬ҴҸǸ
˶ܲãʵҲ֪ܵԿɱΡ
ʵ֮ǰڶŵڿһʮĶԼǸҲ
׿صΪʲôãĴ£ǾӦеΣһԼеûУԺôͷأ
ֶԸһеĴŵδκεɡ
˿Ҳ֪ԼٶɶûκεôģȻ˵ĻԼ׵ĴͶˡ
׳ӽ쿪ʼŵϼܲýΪŸܲãʻְܲ𣡣Ժٳִ¼ǶܲԼ̴ְɣ
ԭҪѶŵĨģŵ֪飬ҲǰѰӸ߸߾ˣ  Ҳ֣κ鶼Ҫһƺ⣬ûƺֻľ棡  ŵллֶһ˼ԼĴ󣡡
׿ŶŵԼϼŸ߼ܲãֹ쳽˾Ժй쳽˾ֻҪܵǩּЧ
ֶҡʵͻᣬһʲôľӰ쵽ŵķչǡ
زǾ鲻ãʵ˵ӵĺ
Ҳ֪Լ̫ˣһҪǳˣ밡  ϼżҪӭ޴ıĿǰ²̫ı䶯Ժ¾Ͳ̫˵ˣأԺҪѸٵĶԼ׳
˽һĻңϾϼŵĴ￴ȥÿ˶ϢϢصġ
صͷ׿ŶŵǼɣ˵ʱȳȥûлһЩҲҪ֮һ¸λˣ
ϼδױҪ˵ˣ  Ȼˣڵĵ֮Ҫ쳽⣬ϻױƷ죬쳽˺
ԿΪԼѾûȥˣ
ǽƣ
ԿǰӰףܿҪˣ쳽˾ƺЩƼյĸо
Ⱥ֪Ϊ׵һ죬켣ҲһЩ仯  ֻæµ˵ЩѾĹķΧ֮ˡ
˿̣Ѿԭ쳽˾и߹ܻϼŵĸ߹ܣ׽Ҫĵһǲһˤڵء




1519ľ
 

쳽˾ң  ׵ɫһȺһҲׯϣΪǺټ׷˴Ļ  ҲȷǴ׵ĵߣ  Ȼһֱ˶ǳĲڲҲǻġ
׿˵ϣλܹȡѵϼŷչԽԽ죬ҲԽԽࡣһЩӵ˳ߡ
ŵ̵ֶӽ쿪ʼ缼ſͨŸ߹ʼֱͨ䣬ĻֱʼķʽŸ߹ܷزϣԱܹʱԵĴ⣬ܵλдؾ
ܲԼµĴܹʱķʡǲġ
Ҳ֪Щ̲ղѾ˶ŵӣʱҲҪһµġ
ŵɫһҵʱٿŴᣬΪµǸ
ҿǺбҪģܲΪܹˣԱмܹõͶ뵽֮еġ׵ͷ
һԵؿŶŵܲãҡûҪ׷˼ֻ
ܣʶ˲ҵĴҵĴҶŵֶ飬ֶҶĳ˲ҶŵʱյλãȻΪӶԲϼţԲֶ
ŵʵһǷĵ뷨ҪԿ֮µĻʱŵⱲӶѴˡ
һǸʲôأ
ʼ磬ŶŵӣҲ¸ܲû̫Ĺϵ  ֮ǰһΪܲúԿһҪıȡϼš
ڿӦԿĹ  ׿صϼŵĹɷȫϼչˣҲûйĹϵΪѾתðٷ֮ʮĹɷݳȥˡ
ʲôֶ򲻿ɰŵһ׵ĻҲ𾪵˵
һЩ϶ǳ֮ɫֶʲô˼  ϼŰٷ֮ʮĹɷʲôǿһĿְ  һԵĲܼҿ׵ֶ⡭ٷ֮ʮعȨ˭ôθڳԵȥҪ֪ٷ֮ʮĹɷݣмۿ൱һ𰡣
һǧʲô  ⲻǴŹɷݵתãǴϼҪˡ
׿һ͵ˣҲѹѹȻ޳תã˭θڴ˭θС⡭
ҵ찡ֶ޳תãǿѪ
ǰֶٷ֮ʮĹɷݶԾϼŵˣĴ޳תã
ĻԺǿô찡
ǰֶһģǡ
һ˵ɫ¶ǣʵϰ嵽ȥأ
ǻһϰĻҲ̸ϰϲϣʱһһˣ  ֮ǰԿ
һԿˣԺϼŵʲôδ֪أ  Ҳ֪˵ĵǣ˵λĹǣĿǰֻǲƵģֻҪһڣϼŻ˵㣡Ϊҳ£Ժܶûа취Ϊ˵ˣϼŵĲƸҲѾﵽһĳ̶ȡ
ֶǾͲתһЩɷӵлȨİҿʵ
ҴϼŵʱҲû뵽ô̵ʱڷչ˵Ѹ٣Ҵ켯ŵĳԣΪ˸˲Ƹۻھ޳Ľٷ֮ʮĹɷݾңڹҵĻԼϡ
׿΢΢һЦ
ңֶǰŵҲĴָʵϼҲսˣЩǮĿṩҸĻǵĹʵҲһΰ
һ̾û뵽ֶȻô
ңҪôҪ֪ɲΪƶɽʲôģǿǻʵİٷ֮ʮĹɷݰ
˵ģôǮΪ֮ˡ
ȻǺܶ˱ʾ⣬ɸԵ  ֶôǾ֧֣
ǰֶû뵽Ȼ˴ҵػʵǲֶһ
˵ʵֶҪҵĻٷ֮ʮƶۣ
ɲզΣǿһ𰡣ɲһ𰡣
˵޲ӿֳ֮飬ȴһµû˷ԣΪѾǳǵˡ
׿˰ڰֵˣϼŵĹȨתһһʽʱ䣬ǻҪһЩʵ⣬˵쳽˾ķչ⡭
ֶ˵쳽˾Ҿ˵ɣ˾ĿǰǰδеԤڸĲʵ̫Ҫıڹʹڶ쳽ĵƣҪõĳȨʵЩ̫ˡ
̾һѾûʲôˣû  ŵҲ΢΢ҡͷǰҿƺһЩˡ




1520ּԱ
 

׽ԼĹɷݾϼŵĸ߹Ȼ󲨣
˾ʾȫ֧֣ϾҪҲǻϰ壬ԺĹûжӰ졣
ǵһж׸ģ׵ľⲻˣҲֻзˡ
οֶǶģ  һ˼ľ׼쳽⣬ĵʱȻ֪ˡ
ܲã˵ʲôؿŶŵĨһ˿ʵ
ŵ˿أȻֿ˿׵Ȼֶˡ
ֶһͷˮĿŶŵ
׿˿ŵܲõ˼ǲǼȻҰѹɷݾ˹ңô쳽˾ӦýΪǰƽ
ֶôģǽɷݵİٷ֮ʮתøңôӦþǴɶˡٹһ飬Ӧû˰ɣ
ŵ뷨Ƚϵļ򵥣ʵûġ
ֻһʵǾƽ⣡
ҪǵĲǾ棬ҪȶԼܶ顣
׿Ŷŵ΢΢ҡͷܲã㣬ͬſڹڵгôǹҴҵľҵ˿ж٣
żˡŵʼ
쳽Ŀʲô׿Ŷŵʵ
ȫгŵͷһ˿亹
λκ鶼Ǳô򵥵ģйҵĿǣҳ治ʣҲҪ˳㶨ȫгôǿѭ򽥽
ֶĿǰǼѹʵ̫ˡس
ʼˣ
һ󵨵ľ  ɶˣ
һľⲻǳôİֱ̫˰
ŵ׵ֶʲô˼˵ĻǡԺǵĿڱ¡
㣬ǵһ᲻Ͼɣⶫ㲻ë࣬ǲǣ׳ʵ
ȷķʲôģҪԵĥϲֳܹԣصͷ
Ŀǰ泵ж٣׿ʵ
֮ǰһ𿪹һʱĿǰѾĿˣ˵һ˵֣  ѲվڴϿʼ  ҪǴȥĻǳΪһЦ
Ƕ֪׺«ʲôҩ
һҪ͵ģȻϼŵˣΪϼԱĸɣֻҪϼŹϵˣÿһ̨쳽L1ˣԪĵͼۿԹһ̨׳
ֶۡϼżϹĿǰѾǳˣһӿɾͳȥ
Щ㵵Ŀʵ
һԵĶŵֶܻܲ˼·ԱԳ۳ۣһЩʧ
ǺǣʧôһʧϼŻ𣬾ôˣ״˵
һ£һôĸһӾͻΪըԵĴˣ
ؿüͷֶһ泵ȫͳȥĻҲǱˮн
ǺǣǵǸ涼žԵƣڲΪƵ⣬ֻҪƣƽͻƣʱɲǣˡ
׵뷨ǳļ򵥣¿ͷѣֻҪһǿ¾ϻױƷһƲɵˣ  һ̵ͷֶ֪˼ˣǵĿľΪ˴ƽ⣬Ľͳȥ
ӿɽҲЦŵڽһʳչǰɣ
ֶչ֪ģǲδǲμӰƵ˵쳽ҵڶǹһˡ
ǵûй˾̸йأ׿ʵ
ǵȻаǵ̫ˣ֮ǰЭ˻רҵǣԿ̸ģǵĿֻһǾǼû˵ЩҲ̫Ҫˡ
֮ǰļôûиǹֱΰŵҲŭһ֪ģԿҲ̸˵Ǵ򿪹гһֻҪǸĳһʵǿ̺ǾͿѸٵĴгҾܾˣ
ˣǹһ飬Ŀǰ̬ȱȽ͵ļңʵ
ҲԴģұĿǰҲֻΪڳ̵ϣŵ̸еֹس
ЦŵȻҪͻƿڣȻڹڳѰͻƿһεĳչҪֳ󶯾ʱǿҲǶ²ס֮ˣ
׵뷨ǳļ򵥣ʺ͹ڶһͻƿڣʱԸģֵܷһԸģֻȡˣ




1521
 

֮
ʻչģ  һȵĹչʢٿӣÿ߶һʢȫᡣ
һεչǹģӴҵڵʵ֪һ׻ϼµ쳽ġ
쳽ʵ̫󣬹עҲԽԽߣ
ֻϧڲûнͨЩҪѹ쳽
Դ쳽֧ǵνļ    ѾǱˣֽ׶ùܼҹġ
쳽ҪεռҵȨ֮󣬲Ż𲽵ķſܼãԼ˺üֱӷſ
ֻǱ˲ô룬ںܶ˶Ѿ֪쳽Ŀǰ鿰ǣǵĿѹء
Ҫ쳽ϼȻ֧ţѾǿ̨ˡ
ģ  ھ̸쳽֮һβģһεĹչû쳽룬ΪЩҵĴУ쳽Э  һоƷгǵĳʵ̫̫ˡ
չĵ⣬ʽĺСͽγȸʽչ̨һоУ  ܶ̽ҲƳһЩԴͻ춯
۸棬ǰЩֵƺҲú
չĵĴ֮УһԷȵĽۣҲ΢΢һЦ
ãûȤ˽һ¿ıC7
׵ǰ棬һС㿴ǰҲǳЦӯӯ˹ȥ
⳵Ҽǵ֮ǰһʮҰɣ¿ôֻҪʮˣ׿λСʵ
ǵСЦŵȫһ廯ǱΪӦ׻ƵгҪϵĽǵģһ֮ǰϿC7ֻòøǶ˺ܶ࡭
Ǿһֱ仯  ʵ쳽УڵҲЩԭ׻׬貧ӯǿʼһֵıˡ
ײδطͣĹչȥ  ҪĿģΪԼ̸һ±һλˡ
ȻˣɲֹΪ˸ģҪչϸ㶯
쳽һֱ˵ĳţһȻ֪ġ
ã
׿ǰλϤŮҲ
һʼʶλŮˣҲϵ
һοʱ׵Щоˡ
õߣһλ˧ӸȥͦģӦѡ
ԥһ£Ҫ׼õʱȴְƺ˺ڿһ㣬ͷ׵ķ˹
һ׵ʱԸ׵ķӦ࣬Ҳסˣ  ãôˣ
ԱߵӿԼŮһ˿ɫΪļҲɫЩ̫ÿʵ
ҡҿһˣһ¡
ԱߵӽոսӴһѣûа취ߵ̫ˡ
ֻû뵽յչߣȻ˺üûмף
ɫĳ׵ķ˹ȥҪһ˿ֵĻľȥˡ
ף㰡ôⰡÿ˵Щˡ
˵ʵû׵İĻǰ׼ҺĴ񷻿¾군ˡ
һֱĵģֻƺ׾ǲ硣
׿ŰЦŵܣֱƯ˰ҶЩˣ
ֿЦˣƯҲߵŮÿɣúٺһЦ
ˣҲһ£˼˧Ǳ߲̫ðɣ΢΢һЦ
ʲôѰԹٷѰɣʼ磬ʱѾߵ˰õĸǰ
ãλǣ
ŰãȻϴЦ׵ȴһ˿ĵ⡣
ףҺѣйÿһЦ
ʱѾܲã
ǲĹƷû뵽ᣬȻǳĸܲãȻΪ
˵Ǹһ㣬ڹЩ̫ĸо
߾Ͱ΢΢һЦ
ÿŹһ־Ĺţһ㣬Ҳû˵˼һǸѧأףҪȻһȥչ
ԭǸѧС֣ҴȥʶʶչΣһ׵ûʲôвЦŵ




1522¹
 

С֣
ĻҲһЦҲûôƽϣ
ȻһʼԼЩ⣬Ϊϲã  ˵⵹Ҳʲô˵飡  ֮䣬ܶҲΪŮ˲ŷĿɳģֻҪƷвʵҲǿԽܵġ
ÿŹʲôСֲСֵģ˼ҽ׺òð
úúã׾ףҲ꣬㺰ҹУͱܹܵĽⰡ
΢΢һЦڵҲǷſԼΣ
ÿŹ֮ǰôû˵ʲôĸܲð
ã㲻Ҳû
оԼеˣһֱûиڰøǰἰ
һξƻʶģӴ˫оҲǲ
ȻˣǹԼôΪģֻ˵оУѣ
ϾΪһŮǿˣżı׼ҲǷǳĸߵġ
ʵҲ֪ʵǴ񷻵ʵˣ˽ӴʱνǶɣ  ҪǸղŹΪѹԼġСףҲᱬԼݡ
ʼðɣ㲻˵Ҳνչˣһû뵽أ
Цŵü궼ûмˣͲܸӰ
ûû£ϰˣһֵչüأŻʽʼҲһʱɣ
ǽͿʼ𣿡׿Źʵ
ЦŵףͲ֪˰ɣ⳵չʽʼˣŻͷϷʱ½½ܶŶ
ɻ˿չǲ̫Ϥ
ƺǳϤýˡ
ͷĳչɲͬĳչǰĳչһЩ˾ҲǰһЩƷ㵽Ȼر˹ǽƺҳһ£ÿһҹ˾Ĵж
ô֪İÿŹЩɻʵ
ҡǼҲҲŪǸǼҵģͷƭ˰ƺЩⲻȥ
ѽԭһΪǼҾͿ˸4SأþС
Ǻܺô񷻵ŵٶҿͦʵЦŵ
ã㡭Ǵ񷻵ܣ㲻˵Ϳһĵ𣿡׵ĻҲЩȵĿŰá
ɫһ԰񷻲ĵûƭ㣡
׹һֵǰ԰ܰһ㣬ΪʲôôĴμһεĳչ
ԭϰûи˵˵Ǹͦص飡˵һιЭĻ᳤е󰡡
΢΢ҡͷȻԼҲ֪һεΪʲô  ÿЩʵףʲô򳵵ģ
ҹ䣬׼̸ġЦŵ㻯ױƷʲôģɶɡ
ԹԣһѧȻʼˣԺǰ;ĸѧУİʵ
ͬ۴ѧİɣУɱװ˼ССۿɲŶúٺһЦ
ҲЦŵǣԹӢ۳ǾڸĹͲϵˣҪҵĻھǸ򹤵ģ
Ȼô˵ȴЩΪȻ
Ҫ֪ǹڼ֮һǿǴﵽڵ֣  һССѧܸԼᲢֱۣǿЦ
˭ùϲأ֮ǰЩüҾһ㣬˿²ͬġ
˵þȻǴ񷻵ˣѾϣ˲
ȻˣҪԼļͬһ£»Ҫۣ  ǲϲּʽˣҲΪˣԼҶš
ΪľǿǼʽֻյʲôĽ֪أ
Ҳһһˣ
׿Űú͹ЦŵҽˣͷϷ
װʹ˰ͷϷûжĹϵҪʶһЩѣԸͼۣҪǲż򳵵ĻҪȻҴȥʶʶһεᵽ˼ʶʶ  ҲôͷߣǿףôʱûˣܵҳԶٷɣɲ׼߰
У״Ů˵ˣȻ͵ģҲЦŵôһߣҳβǲе㲻̫ʰ
ͱøҿЦˣɣҴȥһҵѣԺкô
Ըµ˵˭ҪԼŮ˸ǰһ£  ȻҲ⣬ûеõõϿɣȻӵҪϽˣ
׼üһԼĸĸҪԼĸĸͬĻԺӿɾͺùˣҲôĲҴˡ
һùʵҲԼеСžŵġ




1523еƵİ
 

ʳչַǷ
ڼѾΪһֱƷ׻ӵΪӴһң˳չڽٰ죬Ҳ֮е飡  ڹ˰ȸأԭֻҪʮҵĳ׻Ҫʮ  ԽǺƺԽ֮ͣΪһݵ
ȻˣҲǷڹڣʵҲһ  ֻΪֵ̣ľֻ΢΢һЦΪһжǵĿ֮У
̣ٵһ޴׻ϼŵļѹ
һκ̵ܶľͷ۽ΪľǽһԲߣܹϼŴЭ飡
ںϼŴЭ֮ǰҪľԼЭ飡
׺Ͱô˾ʻչĲԶһ棬漸ûӵĻȴ֣
һϿĺͣߣʵЩۻҵĸо
ⶼʲôǲһȥӢ׿չҲûһЩʵ
ȻʵǿŵЩ𾪵ĸо  ϰĶӵģ˽˶ƣȫһ̨һﵽﶼǴҲΪԼҴˣ
ЦЦóһӦûҲ
ȻֻǹǱ׻гʵĽѰ  ȻǺҪ˵ĸϲϳ
ЩĽ˵ҪһȫΨһῪڴϣ̫˰ɣ
ãҪҪĻҿ˹һҲһ໨ǮѣӦǻԸġ
Ȼô˵Ҳ֪ⲻǮ⣡
Ǯܹṫ˾Ϊһ̨⼸ǲܵ飡
ܹ˵ĻȫΪͬУȻǳ͹ĺܶƷҲźġ
ҪȻĻҲܿ˵ĺڣ
üʵİҿɵлл˰
֮ûбҪôɣЦŰڰֵ
׿Ź˵ܰиһ¡
ףõǾҵѣʲô㾡ʣһȥʱǻ˵һ㻰еɶЦŵ
ʲôɶлֱ˵û˵
Ҫ˵ñǷǳŵһŮӵʮڵʲܲ
ֻò֪ЩУʮʲôأ
ͺñһӵˣһֻʮˣǾǿֻʮ۵˵ġ
ǲ࣡
Ȼͨ˵УЩ˶ģҲԵĵȼֵġ
˭ܹ뵽һӵʮ۵˻ᱻ˿أ
˵ȥƺЦһ㣬Цȴʵڵġ
ã˵Ҳ⣬ʵʵ̫Ǯһ߸ϵĸоԡ
Ҳ֪ЩǰǣҲһ׼
ʱˣԼҲˡ
ЩˣԼʮڣȻ˿⵽˵ȥ
װڰֵ£һһҲǮɵ磬ȻǮ˶࣬ͨ˸಻𣿽ǮǺһ˵Ψһ׼
ϵܣҺͬһŵˣǴǹһѣҲûʲôġ
ʵҲǴںģ˵ֳǼˡ
Ҳ֪ø׿϶ûмģһαֵĻҲʱ˹ˡ
׿Źܣǽȥ
ףղŲҪʹô˰ÿײںҲν˵
ЦŵȵʰɣչһʱأҲǺż
ԭ׻ʹ쳽һЩ飬ڿ֪δض࣬Ƚȥʲô˵ˡ
ЦŵУǾʹ˵ɣǽȥһ棬˵
ģ
ÿŹЩʵΪȻ֮ǰ׸Լͷسѵĳ  ʱ׿νõ˼㣬Ӯ˲Ǯأ  ʵҲ˵ģܸоױȽϵأ֪׸Ǯ
ЦŵǴһ촵ţһ¸ĵطȻˣʽĶУǮŮˡһȱ
һΪǸʲô˾ءúһ
ЦŵܣͲ˰ɣӦЩʱҲǷ곡ϷСҲǳΪһȦӵĻᡣ
ףû뵽СС;ȻͦҽˣԺ¾ңƬ
Ƕ׹Ŀ࿴Сǽȼĵ䷶  ðһ۵߰ɣҲʶʶ곡Ϸĵط
˳ǸûӵĻķ˹ȥ




1524º¥
 

ſڣ  쵹Ƿǳϸ񣬲˹컹ла죬˵Ҫκ˺Եȥǲ̫ܵ顣
Ӧʶ˺ܶ࣬Ҳû˵ֱӾͷˡ
˽˻һ㶼ΪضȺṩģЩǮҲܽġ
ΪЩֻǮõģҲǮͿԽģ  ׵˽˻濴ҲûʲôеڹŴֽ
ǰȥЩٹ˵ĸۡĸо
ӭλ¥
ſڣһλ˧ӭһг㣬˧Ӽ˵ǸǣҲŵġ
ֻһˣȻֻߵһſӭķʵЩ˴۾  ô˧ĸһȻߵ
𾪲ѣȵǸȥʱЩ̲סʵ
ᳵ·ҲҪЩ·ŰЦŵãɱСһͽľۻᣬ׬ʮеġ
ļٵİʮ򣿼죿ɶ
ЩȻЩķʼţϾϵǮҲô׬İɣ  һССķȻڼʱھ׬ʮôأ  ҪĻÿ˶ȥˣ  ȻһЦʲôģ֪ں¥һһ׬˶Ǯ𣿡
һ죿ʮ򣿣
øղ׬ʮһľ˵ʮ֣
˵ʵһһ׬ʮֱǿЦ  ʮҲ̫С¥ˣЩ˳˧ѧǳĸߣкܶ඼Уҵĸ߲أ
΢΢ҡͷȻð˵Щ̫ˡ
Уҵ˧⵽ﲻܳ㰡ЩѲһ׬һҲ̫˰ɣһҵĸ߹һҲżһôࣿ
طƽʱ϶ģһҲͿΣһǿ˲ˣЩ˻ƽʱԼĹһ¥ٻǾͱҪЦŵ
ͱ˰ɣһĵ׬Ǯ
ûǱȤʵЩ벻ͨЩ˾·׬Ǯ  ֪һһ׬˰˰򣡣
ۣ
úûбԼĿˮǺ˰ʲô
Ǵ񷻵ĸܲãнҲ
һһ˰ʵЩֲ˹
׿ŰЦŵʵҲڿܹӦöǷǸ֣ѹƶʮĸҪ˭ӮǮõĻ˼һ룬ƾһˡ
ðСɼʶȴͬ찡ȷģǸСǺõˣһһһӮʮڣ˼˼С߰ˣ
ЦŵһԵİŵöе㲻֨ˡ
ʵ֮ǰһҲģһֵǧҲġ
ǮףԼҲǲôں֣  ֻǰʵЩܲˣϾʮܹ⣬Ǽǧĸое̫ˡ
þ㵵ĿŹӮʮڣҵ찡ô󰡣
ڰõ֪Уһ׵ĶĲѾǷǳķˣڵӮ
û뵽һε֪  ʮڣ
ǼȫҰʵֲ̫ˣ
Ҳ˵һ棬ͿȫҵףЩ˵ǶǮŻôɰ  ʵҲϾһ棬ĸǧ˵ûʲôоģʼ
ЩƵ˵ðɣ֮ǰһͦŵģڿһŶûˣʵ̫ˣ
һЦŵʵ㲻ҪǱȣҵǾðͦõģ
ţ˵ĶԣЩ˲汲ǮѣֲԼƴģʵûʲôֵý飡
Ȼô˵ǹְûǸܵĳġ
˼ȥ濴ûʲôǵ뵽ʱŷȷͦġ
һ֮󣬼һɫĽ֮С
֪˻ľԼԽ˹ŴأſӭЩŮһǹװȥ
ȣþò
׼ȥ֮ʣӲһӣȥʮ£ʱӭ




1525汻˿
 

˹Ǻþòһζȥ˰ɣ
˵һģ˽Ҳûκεϰ
˹˿һԵ׺ͰãЦʵǰһһһΣλǡ
ҵѣðܺܣ
Ȼ֪׵ǸʲôģǽܵʱȻҲ˽ܰɣ  ϾҪ̫۵ĻԼҲЩ޹⣡
ԭǹȵѣ̫ˣҿɶʲôʱأ˹ŹһִֻļϣӵŹͽ棡  ÿ˽ȥЩƵ˵һָоǲӦط
û£׻Ƶĵ̣ǻ۸ôΰЦЦȻҪ۸㣬Ұ
˵İҲ˳Ÿ˵
ЦŵȻ˵İѾػİˣҿûˣ
ðһ׵ڵЩоһ·ˣʵһʼҶеоģо̤ͦʵϽһˣڡ
ôˣҸоܵͦһˣ˼ûмӶҶزĵģ֪˼ҺжŶأ
׿ŰãҲԴЦ˵
û˵˭ϡǵģҵǮҲǲ
ðɣѾˣҪߵĻЩ̫ʰ׿Űʼ
˭˭ֲҪģ߾ˣ
Щǿ˵ʵ֮лЩǣǸղ͸һϢ  øоѾЩ߸Լۺͼֵˣ  ֻҲЩﻢ£ҪһʼͲҲˡ
һʼԼǴ񷻵ܣеʮ㣬ΪԼʲôĳûм  һֱղţʶԼƺЩ̫߿ԼǰЩνľۻˡ
׺ͰãֹӣҲЦŵãýţûµģ
˭ˣҲûйϵʲôýŵģó
һԵ˹ŰõСĸļ̳˰
˹һôһ˹ȻֱӷʣЩ  Щ˶˵ǳֱӣܶʱ²̨  Ǿѧ᲻׻Ƶӹ֮˵棡
ȣҲʽһ£
˹ԱߣһµߣΪúˣ˲˵ע⣡

ǲҪܣǲ֪ôܣ
õļһ˿ȷǷǳĿˣ˵еİ׸Ҳǣ
Щ˵Уʮڵ۾ǸСѼһ㣡  ÿŹΨΨŵŵӣЩʲô˼ҵô֪ǲǣǼǿģ
ꣿʲô˹ͷʵ
һǸһǱܿŵ˵ȣ𣿺Ȧӵ˰ɣ
˹һܱܲλҵѣȻȦӵģҺܺõѣ𣿡
ȣȻѣҾͲ˵ʲôˣҲ֪ÿ˶˹ôƵģ
˹ṫ˾ٶ۰ڣ
һԵǸ˹½˾ٶ۸˹ࡣ
˸ĹϵͦõģֻڳŶʮˣƺÿ˶ԼСȦӣ  þò
ڼʱһ׵ӶһƱŹڵķ˹  ȫ˵ʱɫһ䣡
ȫ᱾׻ƺʹ˾ɶĶӣһҵһǲôã
ΪƷƵĳ᱾ĳһ򻹴żҵľ
ȫ͹ƺһֱԸ൱˭Ҳ˭Ҳ˹˹ÿһ  ǣҲˣ
˹ȫҲǷǳĿȻĹϵƺһЩҲȫĹϵҲ
Ͼ׻һ󵰸⣬ȦҲôˣ֪ܶƷҪ뵽ǿɶҪ·ܹġ
Ѷ·ҶΪ棬ƺ˲Ǻܶ࣡
˹˹ӭ׻ƣȫһӵȥġ
ȫ̸飬鷳رһ¡
˭ôûмŮˣȫû˵һ㣬ԹԵĿŰüŮҪҪǸȱư
ȥЩģһ˻Щܲˡ




1526¹ج
 

ȫʲô˼ǺȾƻҪ룿
м˵ʲôľûкȹʲôľһﻹ
ȫӣʵЩߣ
ٺ٣С㿴ĲǵˡȫȻһεĿڵ
㡭˭
ûǲʶȫƺôһӡ󣬿һʱ룬ܹأ  񷻵İðС㣬»ʶģŮǿСǹ˶°ҿǰϼŵĹɶǰиʯչҲȥһ£ʱͱСķ۷
ȫŰãȴ͸һ˿мĹâ
񷻣ʲô˾˹ȫʶʵ
Ǻǣǹڻζ˰ȻϲŮǿˣԼпˣҲ㲻ʲô˾Ҳͼڵ۰ɡ
ȫúȾƵİµġ
ˣҪʲôŮûУ  Ȼóʸ涼û˵ȦŮȴҲвٵġ
ȫĿǹʶãԲôһ
ڣҶһأȣôһŮˣҲ̫˰ɣ˹Щ˵
һԵ˹Ҳͬĵͷȣĺͬ㣬ҹ㸸ĸӦҲǲͬİɣ
⼸˵ĻԭΪȫʶԼҪԼȾţ
ٱҲ鲻ԾˣԭһԼ̵ġ
õ˫΢΢ǱһŮӦе֣  סס
õĲϵĺԼԼܹ侲ԽԽǶµûţ
һԿŰЦŵܣ⹷ҧһڣҲûбҪҧһ
˭˵
ȫԭΪԼռϷ磬ŹͰ˫緢ӣǷǳĵġ
ɾʱ򣬾ȻһЩгȫǲгģ
û˿
ȫһܣڰõĺ濴ףߵ׵ĸǰСӣղҷ͵ǰɣ
ǽ΢΢ҡͷȻŹܣȻ߲ӭǣҾˣ
ףɵһʶҵҪ˭Ҷһ£
һĻڣ˵ǽ
һߣоһˣȫзǳ  ȫЦһԺ㣬ҾͲǹĸƨ棡ߡ
ȫװʲô󰡣㶯ֵһԣҲŭһʱԵЩţ  ȫŹһֵҿԽԽȥˣڶЩһˣֲǳڲˣ
˵˭ˣȫΪ˭
ȫ˶Щøһ㣬˿ŶЩ̿
νᣬʵҲˣ  ֻƽʱװıȽϵĺöѣ˺һġ
СûпŰϾŵӸոٻʮ꣡Ȼˣⲻ˵飬˵ǳٰڵĳ󷣵Сڻ˼椣
ȫƺǳ˵о˶˺ܶ࣡  㡭˵ʲôɫһ䣬ֲ֮ǰԼ׵ĵ绰ûдͨѲģ
ȫԲ֪鿪Цģ
ڷʮٻأĴóἯźпƮҡ
Լֻ㲻ῴȫм˵
ЩĴֻȻ˳ˢˢˢٻغͷϢǵһʾ˹ĸǰ
˿ȥЩʧˣ  ϽȥɣԺ¥ûʸˣȫŭһ
ÿȫС˵־ӣҲǧʲΣģнİ취ģ
ҡ֪ɫЩȻͻĴһЩ޴롣
λΪ˻ӭǺ¥ϰصóһƿһʮʿɳ
߷ͻʱ򣬲Զһ̨棬߳һŮһƿɫǵƣ΢΢һЦ
ԭЩŹ¼Щˣ˿ҲǽĿ⼯棡
ҵ˥ǿֻϡƽѣƺֻһ෹̸ʣ
˸ĿĶȻǽĿתˡ




1527һƿĳͻ
 

¥  ˿Ȼ࣬˵Ŀȴһƿ档
˽һʮľƣЩ˿ζǷǳ֣
һϡܿ˾һ㣬  ׿һԵĹܣʵڵҲûãøʲôǸʲôĵ˲ʰĵز㸸Ӧò᲻֪ͨģ˵һлڿɿصķΧ֮ڣ
ţôӣҪȻȴ绰ȥʣ
лЩĲ£ϾһʱôԼҲûе
׿ŹӣҲǵͷʵҲУҲûʲô飡
ܿŵ绰ͳȥˣ˿̨λŮҲϸĿ˵ƿʿһ߰ٺǷֳʮķݣ˭ԸƷĿԳۣ۸ߵã
¥Ϊʲôܹһֱ  ȫЩĲõӪֶΣһǿԱ֤ǣóĶǻʵģ  ͱһƿҾƣЩ˴ûлɹ٣ֻǻļ۸  һǮûи׼ۣѲҳһԪܹƷ𣿡˹к
Ů΢΢һЦûе׼ۣûԸ⹺Ļϰʹ͸λƷֻ
ֻʲôһԵ˹зŹ
һþ֮ˣôõҾƶ˵ֱһּµջ
˿̵ѾЩȲˣ
ǹװŮһЦֻڳһнʮˣʮƿ²λֵģ
ǮʲôֻҪкþƣȻҵһƷˣ˹
˹󰡣һƷǻ㣬ǽȰͷɲ㣡
һ˹ͷһȻǱ۹˾ٶͨ
ͨһܶ˶ǳ
ٺ٣ͨҷ᱾һҲϣԳһƣ
ڱ֮ͨʣſ߽ˣһǸղųȥ绰Ĺһλ˵ġ
ԳǷ᱾һɵļһ  ᱾ôҲ绰ȫһ᱾һɣǰ
Ҫ֪᱾ǵȫһӦ̣
ǻһĹ·з᱾ԤǶôţ  ͨıҲţƵĴڣֻҶţĻǾϲˡ
ʱǵһưĿаһλã  ʵҪ˵һѲɾǵһˣ
Ȼǣ
Щ˶ǰȻ֣ǾһƵǷޱȣǾֵ  ¥ƺʽһ㣬ǸЩͷ϶Ϊġ
˵䲻ģҲ¥ϰ忴Щ˵ıʣ  ᱾һɿȫ¶һ˿Цݵɣ겻ɰϣǵĺܹһ¥׻۽ڽҪҲǵİ
᱾˵ﻰⲻӦҵøл᱾ܹǼĻᣬһúŬٴµĻԻͰ
ȫŷ᱾һЩĵ˵
˵Ǽܹ˵󣬻ŷ᱾ĺ  һѰұĺ̵ĻǼ̾ͻϢģ  ڵǼǾʵѾﵽһܸߵĲΣ֮ҲԽԽǿ
ȫūԣƺЩĸо  ᱾һɣ㣿ͨŷ᱾һɣҲüͷ
ʵҲǷǳƣԭ쿴᱾һûй˸֡
û뵽Сӻ겻ɢؼʱ̾Ȼˣ
˼ͨҲһþ֮ˣôõľȻõһȽϵĺˣ
᱾һɵǷԹģȻӲߣȴ쳣Ϭ
᱾ҿǲֱӰһƿ˰ɣҪλСһΪаƺˣ
ȫ⳯Űõķһۣ᱾һҲǳǸ˹ȥ
ӴĴΡ᱾һɿŰĴָ͸һӵа֮
᱾Σȫŷ᱾һɺٺһЦ
ôŮʿҵȻҪһˣ᱾һɹһЦвزסſ֮ɫ
һԵЩ˿⼸˶ûʲô  ǹоԼܵ˾޴裬оЩڷ
ԼģпԼδŮѣû뵽˾Ȼ˵˵Լ  ЩΣΪղǸ绰ùгһ룡
Σˣ  Ǿ޴ΣùоһĻң˿˼߶




1528µķ᱾һ
 

ڸղţ
ȥ绰ŵ֪飡  ˵ģAѾǵͣˣҺ鷳ǳĶ࣡
ʹӸմ绰ԼǱȻǼô군ˣҲ˽ˡ
ڼ弱ʽԸһεΣҲ֪ԼʮҲһˣ  ҪƽʱĻûôĹǣ  ֪ΣھԼΣԼĸĸûиԼȻǲԼģ
ȫȻǮ鿪ԼҪƽʱĻͺˡ
ڣһɸΪ֮ĸо
˭úǵľơ
ÿȫǸ᱾һɣһ˵
᱾һɹһЦᣬϲҵģŮ
ȫŰõܣɵˣ˷᱾ǴҪ̨Ƿַӵ顭
ƾҵҪôҵĹ˾գ
ŭһ飬ô񷻵ĸˣֲǱŴġ
һǮܰԼôΰ
һһƿ
һƺõĻӿȥһ裡  ʵЩ˵УһССĴǲֵһᣬ˵Ϊ¶ˣ  õȻ֪˵̬ǵӵһ̣ȻһУ
һɣ㻹ΰһȻҪһƿȻҪһƿҲͲˣʮһƿ
ֱͨӽ۸ʮһƿƶѣȻ󣬿ʮҲ൱ˡ
ʮ𣡡һɸ۾գһµģ
һԵ˹ƺҲǸоһ˿ԾŷһɺͱͨȻλƿƣǾͲˡ
˹İɣҪƿƣʱȻһһɵ˵
ʮ𣡡ͨҲɫɵ˵
۸һ·Щƺ黹ǱȽϵĵ  ÿ⺧˵ļ۸ҲŵЩ֨ˣһƿƶѣ۸Ѿ  ˰ľƣ˭ܹȵ𰡣
˾ڲгײһ㣬⺰ļ۸գ۵ģ  𣡣
ͨɫЩѿϾһƿ⴫ȥµˡ
ȷĿ࣬ݳ޵ĻĲ
¥ϢһǲܴȥģҲЩ޼ɵ  ͨҲǸɵӣҲԼλһԼλʱֹͣ  Ǹʱ᱾һƿƣҲʧ̫ӣ  ֮ǰҪѼ۸һף  ˺棬۸ԽԽ᱾һɺͱͨƺЩĸо
ʮʮĿʼϼӣһԵ˸оһ
Ȼˣ˶ڴջһʲôļ۸ܹ£
ȫŹķһε˹һȻ겻ɢ  ȫﲻӭ㣡
ƺ̫ҲģС㣬˵㻰һ᱾ⱭƣҲóһֵ󼸰ľʲôζ
ȫ˵дһεĴ  ȫߣʲôҪͣ
˭Щأû취ֻЩˣҿܻǶĹǼҵĳɣƱ̵Ķ쵽ͷˣ
ȫùһҪĳ嶯ǹ֪ǾԲֵܹġ
¥Ҷ֪һطĴڣ
ȴ֪˵˭ߵˣû˸Ҷֵģ
˵¥ıĳĴڣȻˣ⵽ʲôĿǰǲö֪
ĿǰΪֹҲûп˭طµģ
㡭
ҪǱһԵ׸סĻпܱˣ
׿˿΢΢һЦ˭Ļûжأô֪Ǿأ
ǣʲô⣿Ǳ˵һ˼ҷͣҲŭɶ˵
˵һ飡ȫ
һǧһΣһǧΡ
ȫŭ֮ʣͨƺѾǴˣһƿƷ᱾һɾȻмһǧʵǾòֵã
᱾һɿЦһͨ㲻а
ߣһϼһϡͨɫҲЩ࣬򶨵˵
һö˰᱾һɿЦ׼ǰȥ˵
һǧһ𣡣
ʱһԵĽ֮ȴһ˸оЩ̶




1529ף̫
 


˷һ̾Ϣ֮ԭѾǳ̨ߵķ᱾һεͣ˽Ų  û뵽Լڳ֮ʵıͨȻ˸ҳԼ
ⲻʲô  絶һĿԶ˿΢΢ǰһ
һ˭ȻҸ᱾һɽа壿
һ¿˰û뵽ⱴͨոʧܣҪԣ
ҪǷ᱾һһСĻǶ˿ɾͶˣ
Ϳ߷᱾һһžˣϣһܹɵϣǺܴ󰡣
ΧЩѾ˽ûʵ᱾һɽа壬֮ǰǲ̫Ҳ廰
û뵽ʱ򣬾Ȼһվ᱾һɽаˣȻֽкˣ  ͷ᱾һɹϵģʵôϲŵļһ  η᱾ȫӰʵ̫ˣΪķҲúܶ
Ȼ˹ĺҲһЩɺվڱȽϵĵͣ  һ۶¶ϲϷ᱾ʮ֮һľ͸ӵĲ̸ˡ
ͨףҲһ  ղԼòмЩˣ˵Ŀһӱ׸ˡ
˵׵Ǹͨӵĸо΢ĹϵһñͨײĳֺøУ  ף˰
һʼΪ˵ֻΪľȫء
ôҲû뵽׾ȻĽмˣһӾһ
һǧһ𣬾Ϊ˶
ǹ¶ɲЩˣ
׿˿ȻӻʾҪ˵
һԵİÿ׵ףܲУ
˿ɲ˵ԼУŮңȻ˰Ҳǰ뿪Ц˵
ɫһ죬һڵûͰ㣬Ҳŵ㣬ɱɵҽмۡ
Ȼ֪ǮĲ֪׵жǮ
Զڰ˵ܶ鶼ǽС΢ģҲ֪׵ĸԣ  ƽʱȥ͵ĺܣҪǷĻ˭Ҳס  ˿þ㵵ʵôǮ
֪ʮڰ˸еģҾͲ֪ˡҲʼ
ֲãɡɾҲΪҳͷһһ
֪׵ĳȫΪ˰Լڿνɬ֣
˭ǼͻȻأʵϹ֪ǣһ֪Ķѣ
Ϊһǰṫ˾Ѿˣ
ȫ˿Ѿܵ˷᱾һɵԱߣû뵽ղǸһﾹȻĸҽмۣ  ӹıӦҲʲôǮˣ
˿׵ķȻŷ᱾һɵһǳṫ˾ѣӦмڰɡ
˸£ھ͸Ҹҽа壿ҵҪôģ᱾һŭһ漴ߺһǧ𣡣
ǧ𣡡΢΢һЦƺûаһﵱ¡
ҪǮĻڳ˼׻еһƴ۵Щ˸Ǹ  ǧ᱾һɸҪ׼̧ۣһεĵǧ𣡣
㡭
᱾һɳ׵ĸоЩˣôм۵  Լ۸ûкһﾹȻһǧһǧϼˣôһṦͷ
᱾һɣղŲǺ𣿹
ͨһԹЦֳĿ÷᱾һɸоһ
ͨ׵ķ˴Ĵָʾɵúá
ҲǳűͨķĻӻ֣ʾԼյʾá
᱾һŭһǧ𣡣
ˣ  ˸оһķһƿǧ𣿾ʯҲûôɣ  οⲻһƿƶѣһǾûˣ  ǧһƿƣо͸ɵһ  ǧ𣡣׿ŷ᱾һ¶һ˿ЦݣȻ㣬У
ǧ𣡣
᱾һɳ׵ı׸ŭˣһ׻˾Ȼ˵ԼУһô˿أ
ϲ㣬᱾һѽ㺰棬û뵽ôϰӰ
˵꣬Цʵ̽һĵߣ
ǧһƿƣ˿˿ĻĲɵȱˣ

ͨЦǰ󷭣ղһǧʱʵ˶оЩ޹⣡  ɼ۸ߵһ̶֮ƺһжòһˣ
ֻΪ᱾һǸɵȱûΪǮǸ  ˵᱾һɻǧľһͷβЦ
ף̫ˣ
Ҳ̲ס˴ĴָһΪ׷ˣڿһﾫأ
Ǽؿ׵ףҷˣķˣ
˸·
᱾һɴ˿û˼ȥһƿƣһ͵Ĺâ֪һЩʲô
˶֪һ϶Ҫһسӵģ




1530סǮ
 

˶ˣ  ᱾һǺţĻǧ𣬿һ㶼ûи˵  ǸղŻһǧʱֳɾ͸ѾĴˣ
ǧһɵȱͷʵЩף
ʵѾˣǸװŮЦӯӯ˵Źϲ᱾һɵʱɫѾǽɫˣ  ȫŷ᱾һɵ᱾ˣ㰡
Ѳҿ𣿰˸£Ҫ֮أ
᱾һɵгɱ⣬ûôķŭ
û뵽׻Ƶϣһĳַŭζһһֱ׻˴ġ
ȫ˵᱾һﾹȻ˵Ϸˣ㣬ҿǲǻһַŪ
ɣкð취᱾һɴ˿ҲһֲͶҽĸо  ֻҪܹһﲻúʲôԸ
ȫҲǷǳľϵЩ˵ìܣԼҲûжʧ
ӮˣԼҲй⣡  ˣ˵ֻǷ᱾һɣ˭ôһСආأ  ȫһתһͨиľСӽǮĶļ̣ûǮʱԺݺݵһһ
ò˵ȫһƲ߻Ƕƣ
Ʋߣνǽɹ˿أ᱾һȦڵƼǳġ
ȻͨƼҲǲǸ᱾һȣϴʮҪߴΣ
ͨҲԸⲩǰٷ֮ʮĻᣡ  Ƕͽ̬ƼٺãЩʱҲҪ˵Ĳ  ͨĵľԼ˱ȷ᱾һɺãľֻǰ᱾һɸͨµġ
Լǣһں¥һ  ľֲȷģһ飬ľƺЩ޷ˣ  һΣͨüҲ˴ţӮ˵ʱ򻹿᱾һһ  ԼƼ᱾һɣĵľѣ
᱾һһתôû뵽ȷǸ⣬ҪǲӦô죿
᱾ӦĻǸðˣʱôһͿôһ
ȫŷ᱾һɴӦˣҲһ˷ܣ
ղҲǱǸСĲᣬ֪Сӵʲô·⽻˷᱾һɣ  Ӯ֮ǰһ˵û̫ʧ  ᱾һߵ׵ĸǰҲΧȥ
һԶ˿ʼ˿ڣҪ᱾һΪ鶯ֵĻҲ̸ģⶪ˾Ͷˣ
÷᱾ٶȻΪǧ֣ԳƵȦڵĶˣ  ҲҲμҸͨĶľ֣
᱾һɿһһԵЩ˷ˣ
ȥ᱾һɺͱͨĶľ֣ھȻμˣ
᱾һһǱ׵ļŭˣҪӶľһӰɣ
Ӧǵģ˼ҪǲӦҲûа취
ɲһҸоСпܻӦŶһҪӮ˷᱾һɣЦˣ
һ˵Ҳǵţ˵Ŀⶼ׵ϣ
ײΪ֨ʵղŷ᱾һɺȫĵ̸ڶеġ
ȻŹһ᱾һɵĻᣬֻҲõһһ
ŷ᱾һ΢΢һЦΪʲôҪμӣ
ǲˣߣһΪжı£ԭ׻ҲϹ
᱾һɵĻЩŭڳ׻ˣƺû˸Ҵǻ
һԵ׵Ƕĵ̫ˣɱĵһļţģ
ףϵǺúǰûбҪ
ÿҲ̵˵ҪǴӦˣǿ¾²̨ˣ  ׿˿ЦŵܣҲûİ
ֵܣҲǶûģǸֵһʶһĵûС
᱾һɿһų򣬲ҵĻ߹ȥ
һ䣬ŹܣжǮ
һԵİÿʿˮʵ
ңҸǶģ
ײûԼǮʵҲҪһӦĻҲûа취ˡ
ԼѾǸˣ
ף㡭Ĵģʿˮʵ
ܣʶʱ䲻Һһԣҵһܺá΢΢һЦ
ϤĻƺʲô  ŹҪȻԣ
ã㾹ȻҲʵЩˣþȻҲŲˣ  ȻܲԸ⣬ҡ׸׼˵ԼǮʱҧҧֵܣɶҲ˵ˣһȥ
Σ  Щʱôһ˲飡  𽻸ףҲһķ֪ΪʲôԼ͹ʹóˡ
Ϊ᱾һɵͱˣΪȫǲмֻΪõ飬ô˵ˣ  ʵ˵֮󣬹оԼӷЩˣ  ʱܺ𣿾ǺڣҲֻܹ˸ԼĶˣ




1531µͲ
 

᱾һɣ  һȻǸĸİȴ˲̫һ  ᱾һڹѧʱ򣬾Ȼصػؽǰȥʦѧգ
ѧĶǱģǶ
Ҳ֪˵һ۹ûǺöģǿ᱾һӮµǮֺֹʮڣ
ǵˣ᱾һȦڻǷǳģ  ֻҴһƣܶʱҲ⣬֪᱾һƼ߳ôأ
ƣĲһƼ߳ЩʱǺҪġ
Ƿ᱾һɻǧĻҲܿӮġ
ֵܣжգ
Ǯ֮ԼҲԵЩţϾڣԼ˶ʮڵĻѹҲǺܴġ
Щﻢ£ȫЩķң
ô˵ΪȫĻڹԲܴӦװǮóġ
ȻΪͿ̨ɶʮʲô  ÿһǮʽڵĳ˵ǶҪġ
׿Źʼģ
Ҳǣʼ磬Ȼ׵ϵܣȻҰǮóˣͷĵȥģҪҲѹľǿСӺȫʢ˵ӣ
ܣ˵ҵһܺõģ
˵ĺҲǷǳţɹ֪
ⶫֲһֱðɣһһõĻԼǾԸͷ
ڲΪ˴ȫΪԼϲŮ˰߳ӣ  Ѿ޿ˣ  Ψһλײ̫Ҿˣ  ÿŹأһҿ˶ģӮ˲Ǯأ
ŶðɣһҪ㰡ϵܣǸ᱾һ߳ĸ֣ʮܹӮ߰˳֣
ƺЩ֪˷᱾һɵǿ䲻һף  ÿŹЩֵ˵㡭ô˵
ʼⲻǲһҲ̫ǵһɸͨһֱԸһʵΪȫ޹ǹģ
᱾һɴ˿͸ɱ⣬ĳ߿˹
УԼ˵ļһһκεĺ³ģ  һԼ໨ôǮҾȻһ˶˵ľ棬׵ŭˣ
Ψһ뷨ҪЩˣ
ڷ᱾һɵУѾ֮ˣ
ԼƼ൱ţ
ȫߵ׵˵ĸǰСӣȻҪģǾͱôĥĥģϽġ
ֲǸģлʲôЦһǮˣǳˣǸɵȱ
㡭úúãһҵҪ컹ܲ˵ʲô
ȫԭڹŭգ֮ǰֳ˿ûкɫˣ
һ뵽һһҪùҲֿ˻
ȻЩһʶˣ
ڵȴһῴ⼸һǮ֮ı鵽ʲôģ  ˵߹ƨ棬Ȼ˼ҺϹл䣬ʵǲ֪ʲôģ
һƲļһǲ֪νȫŭһ
ʵ˼ҪƲˣ˼Ҳܹһأ˵ˣҲһ𰡣
ΪҲңȫҲǱ׵ļŭˣ  ʱԱ߿˿ҿ㻹ǲңˣҲûǵ棬ÿɣ
㡭ȫŭŷ᱾һ̵᱾һɣ
᱾һɵȻ⣬߼û˸ҸԼˣͻȻ˼ҸԼƵˣȻҲǮɣ  ͨף¶һ˿ʿЦݵԺʲôʱң
ݸһ̽ɫƬתȥ¥ϵİ˹ȥ
׿űͨҲǿЦҡҡͷЩһǲװװϰˣ
ȥǱͨһһĸ˵ԼƬ˵ֻϿɵѣŻôˣ
ԼûеõͨϿɣ˵緶ΧǶʢ֣
ͨȦҲ伶
Ȼˣ᱾һʵҲˣֻ׻ߵûϲ᱾һɣ  ЩˣǶϰԵĺӷ᱾ǽͨһλã
һƬѣ߰ɣ׵˵
׳¥ϵķ˹ȥŰҲ΢΢ҡͷһװ治֪˳ɶء
ÿŹЦŵһǲںҾûм˭̫¡
΢΢һ̾ˣǻȥɣΨһ뷨һܸҲͰӷˣ
ԭֵһ¥ѾǱðΪ˼˶¥İڣ




1532°ټ
 

¥¥ᣡ
ƽңһС͵ľۻ᳡һ㣡  мһ˶Բ֮⣬ΧŲٵӦڱϢġ
ڵķ֮УѾЩΪĸоˣ  ͨͷ᱾һǱߣȫǵǸϡ
˶ûô˵ƺڵȴ׵ĳ
ԭһˣ˿ٲȻΪеĽˡ
᱾һɸղŶôˣһο϶Ҫ˰
˵ʵҪǸղǸֵܹ˵ĻҲˣڿ¡
ţǼһӦûʲôǮģǮ˽裬߻ǵһμ
ǺǣҿһҲˣһЩСѣҿܿԭα¶ˣ
Ҫ˵Ļǿѩϼ˪
һ˸ףϾ᱾һȦǿĸ֣
ܿ죬ѾһԵĹͰűָָ˵ţǵɫҲ൱Ĳÿ
ͨ΢΢ͷȫһ  ȫ׳ʲô
û˼˰ɣҿ绻һ淨ͨҲ֪ߣʵȴ᱾һɣ  һĶӮĸʻһЩ
һ淨ˣͨ
᱾һƤһҪǻһ淨ĻҪˡ
ͨȼһѩѣһڵ᱾һɣ㻹İԼ̫ˣ˭涨ֻܹˣǾһģټ֣
ټ֣
᱾һɫһټֱּǴĶĶ
ټֵĹطǳļ򵥣ÿ˷ƣ˭ĵӽ9㣬˭  KQJ10ȫ0㣬ĶȻ  ҲһKһ5Ǿ5㣡  ȻˣһǾǲƣ  ǾԼƲʱ򣬿Բһʤʣ  ʵټֵ淨Ȼ򵥣ĵ
ⶫǾû˵ˣ
ôųƶķ᱾һɣȻҸˣ̫źˣ
ͨһΪˣһͿԿóʵͦġ
ͨʲôҶ㵽ףΪټܹӮңߣΣ
᱾һû뵽ͨȻʱ⣬ҲЦ
ʵǣһ˲֪ݣǾܹѵ
ǿпټ䣡  Ƿ᱾һɺԺֶΣڶʱڼסһƣǺǿ֣  ֻҪϴƵʱעˣʱ򻹲ôô棿  Ƽһ棬ûе㱾Ҳ֮ܳΪȦڶˡ
ֻ᱾һƽʱмЩֶΣǽ첻һҪʩչһΣ  ΪоԼܵ裬Ҫһس
Ȼ˵Ļǲһ˷أͨ˳
ٺ٣¥רŵĺɹٷƣǵ˰Űɣ᱾һɳ
ܿ죬һλŮ˳΢΢һЦĬ
Ϻܿһƣ˵֮Ȼһһһ£
ʾû⣬ľ־Ҫʼˣ  ׿ŷ᱾һͻţЩ֣  ܿ죬㷢һЩԾĵطΪһʼնλŮеƣ  ˲ûзص㣬Ϊ᱾һƵʱһֱǷǳרע
ΣҲû̫˵ע⣡
һƷ֮λŮɹٳ΢΢һЦһȷׯһмң˭˭ͿԳΪׯң⣬ҲѺעмң
ҲԲ룿ǲ̫ˣ᱾һɳʵ
Ͼ̫ңҲ̫ң
ģλҲԼƶׯԽܱ˵עͬҲԾܾģ
Ůɹٿŷ᱾һЦŵ˼ֻҪׯǾоȨ  Ǻ¥ߵ淨ׯôȷģ
᱾һɿŮɹ٣ΪټָصĹضһ  Ůɹٿ˵ׯҵȷ淨ɸλԼֻҪλˣҵϣλôҶϾ¥ѣЩϧˣ
ŮɹٵĻʵһ˷ܣʵ˭Ҫ  ֻǾһӻľЩ̫ˣҪܹѹһѹĻôӮ˵Ҳһִ̼ˣ  ˵ˣЩӮôСأ
᱾һɿ˵ͨ˼أ
ͨЦŵνȻҶ˵Ķľ֣ϾһҪȻģҲԵùƽһЩ
ģãĵľǸҲν
᱾һɿɲںЩΨһ뷨ӮǮܹӮ㹻Ǯˣ
ʱֻҪӻˣһлҪ  ׯУܹȵӮǮ  һ£ΧһƳȻҵģҾ˵ˣׯעͬ棬ͬҾߣ
ߣûôףȻҪׯǾ㵱ׯˣҪⲻأ᱾һЦһ
ͨŷ᱾һɵҲһӵˡӮ˵ɡ




1533¶ľֿʼ
 

᱾һû뵽׾ȻҪׯ  ʵԼҲϣԵׯģΪׯҿͨɱңʱܹӮܶǮ
һΪֱ˵ׯˣ
᱾һȻǲһˣһԵȫѾԺԲˣ  ΪǷ᱾һɵһƨѣ˱״̼֮վϣĸûκεã  ˷ܵĿɲϵЩˣϾȼĽЩҲѲ룡
˲ĻᣬһҲĦȭƣȴȥ׬һء
ŮɹٿЦŵȻλͬ⣬ôھׯңǻͬʱԱλע㣬ʱǻרͳƣ
˽ǵͷֻעOKˣ  ģɺ¥⵹Ҳʡȥǲٵ鷳  ⡭׾ȻҪׯ˿ɶǳ˲¹ͷְ
ԭϣܹ͵һЩϾׯȻӮö࣬ǷҲǺܴģ  ЩʱһѶܹˣҪ˵ĻǿûзĻ˰
ΪҲôǮˣһ𣬹Ҳڼˡ
ÿŹȻǮףǾҪһҪӮأ
ʵҶˣ㲻֪᱾һɵĶļĺţ̾һ
Աߣ˹ŹͰ죬ٺһЦȣٸһҵϢɡ
ʲôϢ
üͷһжʱڲõϢѾǹˡ
û뵽ʱ˹ȻһεĴɫȻѿˡ
ҲǼˣڵܹȵס  ˹Ź᱾һɵǲ֪һ֪ġΪҵ
˵˵ҲǼæ
˴˿̶ѾǿˣԥҪעǮء
֪Ϊʲôһֱûи᱾һɶĹ𣿡˹Źʵ
ΪʲôɫѾѿ˼㣬Ȼ˹û˵ѾǸоЩ̫ˡ
һԵİҲЩŵĿ˹Ҳ֪һ˵ϢԲǺϢ  ˹ŷ᱾һɵע⿴᱾һǲڷƵʱһֱƿΪųǿļҼǵҵĵ鱨Уһģ᱾һɵʱһ԰Լʱʮڣټһƣһ󣡣
˵ʲô
ɫɷף˿֪Ϊʲô˹˵ҪԼһҵϢ
ϢֹǲҰֱǾˣ
Ҳǵɴ۾˹ⲻ
ֻܹ˵Ƿ᱾һ츳ȴܹ˵ף㶼κεë
˹΢΢ҡͷȻԼҲ᱾һɵΥһĹ
©ƫҹ꣬쿴עҵùһ죡
һ˿ľʮڰ  ǿܹܶİʮھǴˮƯһľҪûˡ
ʱҪ˳Ѿˣ
ȼңˣ  ʮڴˮƯˣǮҲǱҪȥģ  ÿŹ֮ҲһĲ
ôҲû뵽ǸСӾȻһ棬ֲøղ
һ״ȥ  ÿŹⲻǻĳɷ𣿷ǵҲνģ˵ˣҲһܹڶ̶̼ӵʱסôưɣοƻǴɢ˵ġ
ѹһǧ𣡣
ڰǱ߰οһԵĹʱ򣬴˿˹ѾǴȵ
ܿ죬žһȺ˶ʼѺעˣ  ֮ϣ
᱾һɵֿһ˿ЦݣͨȫǱ߼ע᱾һ߾Ȼעͳ  ܶ˶һ̬ȣδ֣һЩѾʼؽעˡ
ٺ٣һҪˣׯҿ¶ȥˣưɣ
᱾һȻǵƣɸղٶʵ̫ˣҲֻܹǵø߰˰ˣ  һƣ
ѾǷŵ˸˵Уܶ˶סĿǰһĻ  ĶעЩ˵УҲǱȽϵĴ̼ˣ
᱾һɿԼһ֮ܿķԼĵڶƣ¶һ˿Ц⣡  ΪƸĲ²࣬һKһ7
7㣡  ˵ѾǱȽϴˣ᱾һɷʱ򣬺ܶ˶ǻ  мȿƣǹأ
ȫͱͨ6㣬˶ûѡڲƣҲ˵˵ĵѾȷˣ
ٺ٣Ҫ5ĻͿԹˣ
᱾һɷǳţΪûв´Ļ׵ƾ5㣡  ѡƣҲܳ7㣬ΪûмǴĻһӦǷƬJ
Ҫ֪ƬJϷ0㣬Ҳ˵յĵ5㣡  Ļǰ᱾һ̲סĿʼ̼ף
׿ŷ᱾һЦһһûпƣô֪ҵĵСأ
˵꣬ѾȥʼҿԼǰˡ




1534²
 

ڣ  ˵Ŀⶼ׵ϣǺҪ֪һﵽõһʲôƣ
Ϊ⸱Ƽֵ𰡣
ͨȫ˸עǧ𣬼Ϸ᱾һǱߵ
۾֣
һ3һ2  5㣡
׷ûôīֱӽƾͷˣ  5㣬һӾͳ˵ĸǰ
ȥ᱾һȻ5㣡
Ҳ̫һɣҾ˵СӲУղϷˣ˷᱾һɣڿҪԴͷˣ
˭˵أҲˣټֿǻһβƵĻģֻҪûг6㣬ǿһβƵĻģ
ߣƣƵĸֻаٷ֮ʮңǿ᱾һɵӣѾȲʤȯˣ
һȺ˺˷ܣΪѺע˶ѹķ᱾һɣ  Ӯô˭˷أ  Ϊעٵһ˿ɶһǧĳ룬ŷ᱾һһӮǮˣ˵ֱλÿְ  ֻǺܶ˿ϧһֻĳ룬ҪȻܹŷ᱾һɶ׬һЩأ
ǡǼһȻǿղûпƣƺ֪׵ĵˣô˿ҲǸоϣãĺˡ
᱾һɲǿƺҲվߣ
Ҫ֪һˣĻᶼûа  ΢΢ҡͷˣǾ߰ɣ߻е飡
κεϣ֮ǰһ˿˿ϣҲѾˡ
һ䣬ľ̽
ȴĿ϶ȫĳڿ࣬Ҫ߶ˡ
ֻһ׼뿪Ѿǵ䵽˼㣡  ƺһ㡭
׿ƣ΢΢һЦ
ߣֲǮֲ˻ЦôĲã󰡣ȫ̲סķڿ
᱾һɺٺһЦղ˰
ڷ᱾һɻƿƵ飬Ϊƿ˶׻ˣԲ̵ܹ飡  ҪһڶȻǻŭ
һ仰ѾԱղжôˡ
ͨҲЩͬĿףʵ浹رìܣ  һϣӮһֲϣ䣡
ȻҲԴﵽľ磬һֿ϶ûϣˣ
Ϊʵ̫ӽˣȫӮϾȫľˡ
ͨҲʼ㻹һβƵĻᣬȥƵĸҲ󣬲Ҫһˣϣˣ
˵ͨ㻹ⰡѲϣӮ㣿᱾һɲмЦͨʵЩαˡ
ͨ˿᱾һɵϣҿӮӮ㣡
ҪӮңҿȷĸ㣬ûлˣ᱾һɵޱȵǿ
Ϊ֮ǰƣŲߣ
ĵھƣϲĻǾһ10ҲǴ˵е0㣡  ղѾ֪ˣ˵Ű裬̵ڿף
׿˿᱾һЦһƻûнЦƺЩ̫˰ɣѾûвƵĻˣ˼һһηΪʤĻᣡ
ΪʤҵҪôΪʤ
᱾һɸһʵΪʤӮһѾǰ϶ˣ  ׿˿λŮɹ٣΢΢һЦŮ㻹ŸʲôҺһưɣ
ǵչһβƵĻᣡ
ŮɹЩ˼ĿףȻҲ棬ǺüĶľں¥ʵҲ
֮ǰͨͷ᱾һɵĶľ֣Ҳǧ£
ֶľں¥ѾǷǳĴˣ
ľֽĳ̨֮ϣŮɹٳһЩʵҲġ
һƣܿ׵ĸǰ
ܶһεסϾǲ֪᱾һпټı£
Ȼ֮ǰһֱڴ̣վһлҪ˵Ĳ
˷᱾һ֮⣬¾Ҫ˹Ϊˣ  Ϊ֪᱾һɵı£ڷ᱾һ˵5㣬Ȼ׿5֮˹һŻЩŵҲǷˡ
Ͼ֮ǰ֪᱾һɵܲô̵ʱڼסôƣ  һѾ˴𰸣
᱾һɲǼסƣ׼ȷô˵ױذɣȻǱذˣ
ʵȻҲ֪һʲôڸղŮɹٷƵһ˲䣬Ѿ͵컻ˣ
ȻûнӴƣѾ֪һƻ˵ˣ
ǹܵģһȻҲҪɹƿˣ
׸ȥƣŹ΢΢һЦ
˿̵ĹѾǳֳ˿ɫ  ʵЩƣΪһѾǱˣԼֺαȥأ




1535ͨɱ
 

ɫÿ˵ô˶ǿļһ˿Ц  ʵϣ  оЩ̫ˣ֪ԼˣԼȥƿԼֶһˣ
ΪʲôҪô  ֮Ϊ֮ѲҪԼ˲ɣ  Сûʲô˰Ȼùȥƣ
һ֪ҪˣⲩƵĸʱСڹԼƣҲ˵ǹðɣ
С˼Լȥˬһѣڿβԣѹȥ汳ģЦ
СҲ֪ҵôһǿ˲Ҫ
һ˾ҡͷȻǿǱװһݵģʵǸоԼҪˡ
ˣҲŹһ˰ɣ
ΪѾ˵ˣҲ֪һﵽôģ
һԵİҲЩסˣΪղŴ˹Ǳ˵˷᱾һɵţ棬ҲǸоˡ
ʱǰѹһεķڻ濾
ǰãҲǲ̫ܹ׵
Ѿô˵ˣﻢ£  ŹɫҰĳ˹ȥҲǲ֨ˡ
𰡣  ǿǱԼеۼҪ࣬һƾ;ôǮĹ붼ô̼  ֮ϣĹضԼģ
Ҳں˭ƣҪľһ
һóǮˣһ᱾һҲ֪ģԸκεס
ղŷ᱾һȫǶףͷβûпơ
ԣҲ΢΢ĿŹ  һԵȫŹִһ˿ĲЦһ˵ֶʲô˰óٶȻΪ˵ȥ˵İ
˿ɫȷǽŵĺܣֶкܴһԭΪġ
ײӦʱԼˣȫҲһΣ
֪Ӧôȥˣ
ֻžİƿȻֱӴŰú뿪ط
ǮȻѾ̶ȣҲҪڼƽˡ
᱾һɿЦϽģһǻҪȥȾأǧľƣ
ġ
ҲŭһֱӽǰƸˣ
˵ӮѾԼܹƵˣ죬ôˡ
ֱƳ˵ĸǰһ˦ǺΧ۵Щ˶Ѿվˡ
ȻҶΪ׵ӮϣǳãɱϾϣӮĲ
һź3ӳ˵
  һ̶ĬˣһԵķ᱾һɸǵɴ۾һУƺЩţ
Ҫ֪֮ǰ׵Ѿ㣬ڼ㣬ǲǰ˵  ˵㰡
˵ԼһѾǳ׵İ  ţ  ᱾һɵӶˣоԼƺ˸ˣˣ׸ûһƣ
ףǿųģ  ᱾һɵ͸һӵĲ˼飬˸оһѪӿǱ߶Щͷ˵죡  һߵȫԭվŵģѾһ̱Լλϣ
ˣ
Ȼˣȫܲˣ
ֻƵʱѾ޻˵ˣ˹๾ʿˮ֮⣬ƺûκεˡ
ܣܲ΢΢һЦ
۾ͭһĵź3ЩƮƮɵĸо
ЩģӮˣǾȻӮˣ
ףӮˣӮˣ
ЩЦĿף˷ܵĻԼȭͷ˲һĸо
λŮɹһ£ܿ˵ׯҰ˵㣬ͨɱ
һĳ˲ѾǶ׵ĸǰ׵ʼմһ˿Ȼı飡

᱾һɸоԼļЩˣӦǼΪżĳ
Ϊ֮ǰİǿһ㶼ûдģżһųоҲпԭġ
ϾղϴƵʱ ۲첻ϸҲпܵģ  ׿ŹЦŵܣԼɡ
ңҾ˿ѾһӮĸоˣǿ׵ϵܣǮӮģȻ
΢΢ͷȻŵʱޣһѣ
һѾһѣҶеĳ룡᱾һɿף͸һɹɵɱ




1536²Ҫķ᱾һ
 

֮УԭַǷҲǰ  ӮˣǰѸղЩ˵žž죬ЩҲڲϵİš
˹Ź߹ʱҲһƵ˵а˰û뵽㾹ȻӮˣ
Ҳû뵽˷ܵ˵
һԵİ΢΢ҡͷǸ᱾һɼǴˣһĵĸݣֱҪ𰡣̫ˣ
ڷ᱾һ˵Ҳرĳ˹һҲ̫˽ˣǧˣ˰
˰ɣ˹ǧ˵С˼˿ȻĻǺܽţҪ֮ǰɺܶˡ
𲩵  ҪôȫˣҪôӮʮʱ̬ƺֲһˡ
ȥ𣬶ʤ忪ѣ
öŹһİɣҪʼˣ
֮ϣ  ͨȫ˸ǧ֮Ѿ˳˶ľ֣
ǧڱͨ˵ֱëë꣬ȫ˵һԳ֣ܵ
ƺǱȥ汳һ᱾һɺ׿ȥĶԾߣ  ô棿᱾һɳ
˲ô棡
ڱһ棬ǹؾ͸ӵļˣǱ鷭ҳ붼ǿԾʤġ
ԹֻҪͬ⣬رǶˡ
ô棿Ǻǣ㲻棡᱾һЦһ
¶һ˿Цô׾ӵļ̼ңѾ˵ˣֻҪ˵óֳӮ淨Ҷ㵽ף
ֻҪֳܹʤɣ
᱾һһתȻ˵ĻôȻҪǿˣ  СԼǾ͹ֲñˣ
׻˺ӣڿȻһ㶼ٰСӮԼһ֮󣬾ѾЩ֪ߵغˣ  ǺǣѾӮһˣ㻹ôţǷ᱾廹ǹİͨ
Ҹڶģƺֲ˵ɣ᱾һ̧ͷ˿ͨЦһ
ϡ
ͨһ䣬һԵķ᱾һɫһ䣬ƺԸڴͨˡ
׿ŷ᱾һɳ㵽׶ĲģĵĻҿɾͶһˣ
ȻģȻ˵ʲô淨ԵĻǽͻһʵ淨Σ
᱾һɾǺСһģһĽ뵽Լǿ֮ϡ
ֻ׻Ǹ߹Լˣ  ׿ŷ᱾һɵԣ㣬ûôйˣ
㡭úúãȻ˵ĻǾͶһļƣ᱾һһЦ˵ģֻҪֳʤԶģ
ףҪ
һ᱾һɵĻ̾е
᱾һɵĨһ˿ɱ˿ãֿ˿һԵŮɹٵҪ
λŮɹٿΧ˵ԲλڿʼڶϵλԴ˵˵ܹŵλǾҪλȥˣ
£ϸ֮
᱾һһ¶Լʵ˵츳Ӧù֮ڵģԺ󻹻˸  ǽǱĲᣬڸܲˣ
Ψһ뷨ǰСӣȻһԼ˵
ģǸǷ᱾һҪǵ飡  ׿ŷ᱾һŵӣҲ΢΢һЦνҶ첲ȣѲɻһСӲɣҴӦ㣡
ã֣
᱾һɸû뵽һﾹȻӦô죡  ֻ״ӦˣͰõ˵ɫѾЩѪɫĸоˡ
ôҲû뵽׾ȻһоԼˡ
ùû뵽ǣһӦҲ̫˰ɣ  ҪܹһµĻôǲܴӦģ
һԵ˹Ź΢΢ҡͷû뵽᱾һɾȻô޳ܣҲû뵽ǸѾȻӦѲͲһ룬Ϊʲô᱾һɻĶķ𣿡
˵ʲôѾˣǮȥģֻܹһ֣
Ȼô˵Ǿʵ̫ϧˣ  ʵղҪǲ᱾һĻôһӾ׬Ƕôһ鰡
ֻѼҪˣһӵ䵽˹ȵף
ȸղֱҪ䣬֮ǰĺƺɢȡ֮ĳƲҵ
ټ䣬ǿǷ᱾һɵǿ  ⶫɲǿĶǵǿʵ
˿̨̣ϵŮɹѾó˺üƣɢ˷Ǳߣ׸᱾һɵĸǰһ壡




1537¶ʮĶľ
 

᱾һ˷쳣  ǿȻǵոʵʱ  󻯣Ƿ᱾һϣģ߾ֻ
о̫ˣ  ͨղŲǶҪҪһһ£
᱾һܶ׬һЩԲ׬֣  ͨͿߣȻǿʼһˡ
ͨϳֳһ˿ԥ֮ɫ֪йŹ֣ǿ᱾һŵʱ׵ˣ  ᱾һԭڼƷŶ츳ֲǴӮǮ
ͨЦһ᱾һɣΪ㣿˵ô棿
ҵ˼ܼ򵥣մոʮ𣡣㿴߲ôСǲЩû˼ҪȻڼӸҲǴոʮΣ
᱾һɵĻǹڵģ֪Լһ¶ԼĿټ䣬ԺƵ˿¾ûˡ
ôܴһһ  ͨʵҲ֪Ǯóưٷ֮ʮǴˮƯˣ׵ɫʼյݣЩ֡
ͨ˿׵ҿ𣿡
ǮԼֻԶģʣµѡȨˡ
׵Ļ˵ľ͸û˵ûжĸ
ͨãҳˣ޻˵ӮǶ԰Σ
ƺԿ׿űͨ¶һ˿Цݵ
ֻͨĵͷȻŷ᱾һɵԿʼˣ
ʵͨԼҲڶģû˻ЦǷ᱾һɺԼôǮҲЦ
Ҫ֪ʲôźܶ˶ģ
᱾ͱȷкܶܶǮɾǮҲôİɣ
óôǮȫΪ
ͨ׵ӣƺһ֣˶׵£˼ҾȻӮˣ
ͨ÷᱾һйŹ֣ͬоЩŹ֣  ֻĹŹ֪ʲôԭˣ  𣬾͵Ǹղ᱾һɵˣԭҲǴҪһﲫɱһµģ
̨£  ˹ŹͰ΢΢ҡͷһȥģͨôһˣȻ˷᱾һɵĵ
ÿ˹˹ҵǾʤûо֮ǰһжпܣ
С㻹ŰӦְ֪ҵͷְҵ֮𣡷᱾һɽܹѵܻġ˹
һһ㣡
òľͷҲˣ˹һҪӮأ
С㻹棬ҪӮ˵Ļſ̨רΪҶƵܳˣҪ֪ǼֵǧŶ
˹ŰúٺһЦҲתš
ģ˵İ֮ǰǿ̨ܳû뵽˹Ȼô˵ⲻ»  ֻǰЩ̫ˣ
˹һԵİúٺһЦСҪأǲҲøһͷأ
ͷ
һЩסˣû뵽˹Ȼߵء
˹֪᱾һӮĸô󣬾Ȼô޳ܣ
ðɣȻܺͰСˣ͵ʲôû˵˹΢΢ҡͷЩм˵
˭˵ˣľͶģһ㲻ɣҾ;Ӯ
һָоЩƲܵƺ⣡
֮ǰһʯչԼ̫̫ľϲ
û׵ĻڵİѾʲô񷻵ĸˣ񷻱øչ¶пܵˡ
񣬾һأ  ͵ǻرһ׵ˣô˿ľôġ
һ˼ҲƵĿ˹Щһ̫޳ˡ
˹һõĻһЦС㻹ǸˬˣҲ۸㣬ǧܳǧΣ
˹֮ǰǧڳһ£ðԼ˵ĸ  ԭΪһҪԼóǧأһǧҲǳã
˿̣˵ĿⶼѾ˶֮ϣ  һʮĶľ֣˵Ŀ⣡  Ůɹٿ׺ͷ᱾һɵλƶĹǾóĸƣȥСһƣĿǰѾǴѭ뿴ĴĻ
ŮɹٺLEDĻϣĳűҵƣһţ  λʮʱסÿһڵλãʱһ˵ڶʲôڻϼɣκһǰ䣬λΣ
OK
׺ͷ᱾һɶһOKƣⳡľʽʼˣ




1538׵ͣ˸
 

Ե쳣أ
Ļһεʾ208ű״ҵƣ飡  ܶ˿ֱ֮ҡͷʱڼסôƣֱǲ˼鰡  ׿Щƣ΢΢һɨ֮ѾȻأ
ԹԵĳŹķ˸кһԵķ᱾һǶͷһ˿˿ĺ飡
ʮסôƣȻЩģ
ļʮסһʮƣ۷¼  ǿеԼļ¼ڸղһ̣ĻʾӣҲסʮƣ  ʮʱ䣬һζ
᱾һɳһʮûмס֮⣬Ƿǳĵġ
ֻҪһǰĻôӮˣ
᱾һţò֣һ϶Զˣ  ǼһͿʮӾͲˣǲǷ˰
ҵ찡ôô̵ʱôܼǵסأ
ɲզΣܼסʮѾܲˣ208ƣʵ̫ˣ
СҲǹûûεİ治֪ͨôģȻѡСӣ̫˰
ǰҲÿһζվһߵİɣοһαȵĿɲ
˸ףΪ᱾һɿȥӵʵǷ᱾һģȻб
ŮɹٿŴĻϨ֮Ҳǻߵǰ棬Ȼ׺ͷ᱾һɵľʽʼλдʮʲô
ˢˢ  ˺ܿڻдΪĴ𰸣  Ůɹƣ
˽ԼеĻдŵǺ6
һԵķ᱾һһ㶣û뵽СӾȻˣΪĴҲǺ6
˿̣ƺоһ˿Сܹסô࣡
߸ĴǺ6᱾һĴͬǺ6Ļ𰸡
ŮɹҲ΢΢һЦԭҲΪײǷ᱾һɵĶ֣û뵽˼һôĵ  6
ĻϺܿʾ˴𰸣һߴһƽ֣
ܿ죬ͽ˵ڶ֣
ԭΪǹ͵ˣ˿Ҳòһˡ
֣˫Ȼ׼ȷ˵˳һԵıͨԭŵƺӵĽˡ
Ҫ֪һʼıͨΪǱɣȻдһ˿ϵϣ  ֪ϣ֮е룬Ѿ᱾һɵ׼
ʵϣ᱾һɵʵȷǿ  ǱͨôҲû뵽ֹȥˣ׾ȻȻͦǱߣƺΪӣ
֣  ͨ˿ֱжһǸֲ֣øղôɵľʹӦ˷᱾һɣ  ˼Ҳǳصİ  ̨£  ÿһο׺ͷ᱾һɵĻɫͬʱ˷ܵĻ˫֣
ԭûϣڸоƺôһ˿ϣ˵Ҳʼ˾޴ı仯  ֹȥˣƽ֣  ˴˿̶סĸоʵĶԾǺ¥ʷΪʵһζԾû֮һ
ܶ˴˿гһ֮⣬ֿʲô̬Ѿ׵˾ˣ  ߾Ȼȫȷ˸оһľ̾  ˹ʿˮȥǸֵľȻҲһְû뵽᱾һɿߵ˰
û˴ǻĽûзֳú͹һĿǰ棡
˹оЩûȤҲһεĽĿ⼯棡  ŮɹٵҲΪ𺳣û뵽˵ʵȻôǿǼڰ֣ʼλ˵158ʲô
158ţ
᱾һɵüͷһ壬һģһΣ158Ժ֮һ˸𰸣  Ƭ7ͺK
ƵУ϶һȷģȷһƣ
ԥһ˲ֵԥƱЩ̫ˣ  ˢˢˢдԼĴ𰸣д֮󿴵᱾һɻǱûжʣ΢΢һЦ᱾һû˰Ȼ˵Ļһ´𰸰ɣK
  ըˣĻʹ𰸵ģ
˱ܵĻ𰸾ǼٵģǶǶµʱ׵Ļ׵ĸ˷᱾һɣ  ᱾һһ˵KʱܵķӦһڿԼ  ôĵĸԼ𰸣
ˢˢˢ  ᱾һɸףӲд˷Ƭ7  ڰԼųһܵĴ𰸣
Ůɹ᱾һĴǷƬ7ĴǺ7
ˣ
᱾һɸоԼЩתһ˵ԼĴ𰸣  о˲һ˿ϣ
Ҳըˣڵһθ˲ͬĴ𰸣ƺյһ̾Ҫˣ
˭ţ˭ˣ
Ϊҹ𰸣뿴Ļ
һʱŮɹٵһ  Ļ𣬵˿Ƶʱ򣬼˶վˡ




1539ףӮˣ
 

ʱ˵ĿⶼǽĶǰĴĻ
һΣҪֳʤˣ  ˭ʤ˭ܣ  սҪˣ  K  ˿ĻǸKʱ򣬼˶Ǳŷһ֮̾
ȻǺKȥֵһҪ찡
һӮʮҵ찡
ѣѣ˶ʮǺ¥ʷϵһΰɣ
ǿ᱾һɵɫȸղǧľƻҪѿǶ˰˼Ҹ𰸶䣡
һ˲ϵĿʼţôҲû뵽˶õ£ֵļһܹط  ʮһӾͲ˰ڼ𰡣  ܶ˴˿̿׵ıѾǲһˣ
᱾һɵɫѾ֮ɫղ׸ˣѡ˲ţ
û뵽ΪţԼˣ  ڵһ͵Ļ棬ҪҪһ֮أ
֪¥ƺأҪ֣ҲԲѡط֣
Ҫ֪쿪ʼ¥Ҫٰһ̳ᣡ  ν̳ʵϾǺܶİۣһΪ˵ϼŵ쳽
бһɻ޴й  ߣ
᱾һĿһȫҪһ⣬ԼҲʧǧ
Լʧʮʮ𰡣᱾һԼ붼һʹ
ҲΪӮʮģҲԹñˡ
ô˵棬Ҫˣܣ
ϾԺҪȦ죬Ҫİǵòʧˡ
ʮ
᱾һɻģЩ˵Ҳ½½Ӯ˲߰ˣ  ڵһӾͻ˻ȥ˼  ȫôŷ᱾һˣʵû뵽᱾һɾȻǿˣ޻˵  ˼ҶˣԼţֵܹ˭أ  ȫ֪ǣ᱾һƵҲطֲκˣűŻأ
ŷ᱾һȥӣҲ¶һ˿Цݣ
һԵıͨ΢΢һЦϲ㣬
ҪϲҲҰɣӦùϲͨһ׬𣡡΢΢һЦ
˵ˣӦ֮ǰѾ˵ˣҵģӮǶ԰֣
ͨ˿Ҳһ˷ܣ֮ǰ᱾һǰǰҲһˡ
ڵһӶ׬ˣҿŷ᱾һиǿģ  ҪӮ˼ҪĵĶ࣬⣡
ͨɹѺףԺ󿴵᱾һɣԾˣ  ֪˷᱾һɵ֮ҲѾнڲһڶǮˣ
װڰֵǮҾͲҪˣԺҪͨæĵط
޶
ͨ㶣𰡣˼˵ҪͲҪˣǻҲǲġ
˼Ҿô˵ˣ˵ôȻôϣɲ㲻˼˵ˡ
˵ҪͲҪˣǼһʲôذ
ҵ찡Ҳǵ֮ǿ𰡣
ˣҸղ𰡣һҹ
С˰˼ҵҲأ
һ˵ײҪԭѾЩȺһ궯  Ͱô˿̻Ǳߣǹþòܻع  һӱʮ
оһ㣬ԼǱ˵½Լŵģ
ʵͰǰɲţ  ŰЩʧǵ˵ã㡭һ¡
ϣ  ֱָͷһ󣬶Ź;  ŹһʹĽкƺعˣ  ӮˣӮˣ˷ܵĻԼ˫֣һֵǧܳѾԼУ
һԵ˹ˤԼеıӵ쵰᱾һô
ó˹ĲᣬȻǧ˵ʲôǸղԼǱߵϷŰãⱻžžġ
Ҳȥ˿̰ƺûпմ˹
˷ܵĻȭͷҲǼ˵ӮӮˣӮ˰
һּҳ  ״˿ҲǳŹķ˹˷쳣ĹҲ¶һ˿Цݣ
˵Ӯһ᱾һʵЩС˼  ֻǼһΪǹˣΪ˶ԲŻĴܣ  ȻˣôʵҲΪһεĳչ֮дһȱڣ쳽гŻǰǣ




1540¼Ĺ
 

ȺɢȥҲѾǿˣ  ¥ʣ˹ͰûһԵıͨˣ  ˣ϶ߵľ⣡  ͨûߣʵЩⲻȥΪ˼İѰ˸ڵĳԼ  ʣµʮĳ룬ֱӴ˸ղŹ˻ϡ
Ҳ˵˼ľΪһ棬һǮĳͶûã  ͨôܹȥأ  ˵ʵһӮô࣬ȫ˼ҵĸ  Ҫ׵ǿĻܹӮôࣿ
һһ⣬ǼʮĲడ
ͨ£׼˵仰׿űͨ΢΢һЦ
ͨ׳Ҫҵı꣬ʵЩⲻȥʵǲ֪ʲô԰æģ
лģϾлˣֻǲ֪ͨʱ᲻æҾͲ֪ˣҲν
׿űͨν˭  ۹˾ȫʢĿԸĻʵһ˫Ӯľ棡  Ϊ˴Щ˵ˣ׻ĲҹƷƺ
ֻûа취ҪѸٵĽ⣬ֻͨİ취ˡ
Ҳ֪ǺҲһӸܶ˺
ֻҪһҺʱȻ߽ˣ  ͨףЩɻʵʲôҪ˵𣿡
˵û˼ˣҲܹģǺǣ׵
ҲܾͨһֵĿס
ЦŵٹȻͻ֪ˣűͨӦһס˰ɣ
ðɣȻô˵ˣֻ˵һ䣬ֻҪܹæһæͨϿҵĿ׵
׹һЦʵæ˵Ӧһ£
£Ҹӵڴˣٻᣡ
ͨ΢΢һЦҲ߳䣬˵׬ˡ
˵ģԲǸСĿ
˵Լʲ˺ܶ࣬ͨԼǳ⡣
Ѿ˸׽ѵͷֻЩһԼݣȻôҲ֪ôģ
űͨȥӰֱȥһӵȻף̫ţ˰
ǿͬԣҪǻɰܱһ£ǻǿԵġ
Ҳǰ뿪Ц˵һԵĹͰöǹЦ
ĴָףҾһֱӮû뵽Ӯˣ̫˰
Ǻǣ˵һȽϵĺãһҵǿֻܹùɣһ˵
ټǿþ㵵ʵ
ҵѧԼټ䱾ҵǿ׺ٺһЦ
СʦүˣǽףѱңʣµǮԼţˬ
ѹҲû׬ǮֻҪײǮѾǰӷˡ
װڰֵǮģҲͣӮȻҲģ
𰡣ףǮɶӮģҪҲʰ̵
һԵİҲǵףҲ̫˰ɣҸղŻ˵ţ˵ҪͲҪˣǡ
԰ףͨΪɶҪҲһƵʵ
ЦŵһҪæš
ʲôæֵܹ𰡣˵Ҳ̫һɣþöѾǸˡ
ֻߣĲɶ  ˣ˵ˣղѾú¥˰Ǯ˻ˣҲǿ۳˰ٷ֮Ӷ𣬲Ҳûж٣
׿ŹЦŵʵһҲǴһһġ
ףǮ˵ʲôҲҪģҪȻɣǶ԰ô׵
ҲȱǮֱһ仰ûùҭ
ǡǺðɣҲˣǼһȱǮԺκεҪֱңһ岻ݴǣҹˡ
ףгһĸж֮ɫ
׿ŹЦŵԺ԰ܺһˣ˵ʲôҲҵѲǣ
ӦõӦõġ
˿Ѿ׵ˣԼ׵ĸǰЩСˡ
Щ껹ûһܹĸоǰ׾ȻĸоʵЩ  ɫһ죬û˵Ҫ˰ʲôʱ˵Ҫ޸˰
ðɣʲôҲû˵ʼ
ףп𣿡ʵ
ôˣ£Цʵ˵ҳԷ
Ҳǣü˵飬ȥһˣȥǼ͡
Ǽһ㣬ȥʰɣ΢΢ҡͷ
ʲôʵģ㶼ǼӮôǮˣôҲóԵóԵİɣʵҲڰŹ˵
׿ŰõӴӴӴ⻹ûн˼ҵţʼ򳪸˰ðɣûҲû
˳ź¥ȥڴſڣ˹һݵվ⡭




1541¹ȼ֮
 

˹ˣ  ˽˶ƵģһܶѪųɹġ
ÿһγ˹Ҫװŵģ  û뵽ѪȻԼݸˣİ  ˹ûôһ̣֮˵ѹⲻǮ飬غһе⣡
˹㻹ͦõ
һͿ˹ųԿǰȥȥʮֵᣡ
˹Ź΢΢һ̾ȣܲһ£ҸСǮ
Ҫˣû˵ȱǮ𣿡
˹ɫѿˣ  ˼ҵȷǲȱǮֹǲȱǮ˼ҸողӮʮ𣬾⳵ʮˣ
᲻ðԸǮҲԸڻʱ䶨һ̨
οҪǱ֪ˣҲǶ˲ǣ
ȣܲһ£ˣҡ
˹һװӵͦģֻ˿̲Ųͬһ  һԵ׿˹⳵еζʮ㣬Щ̫ʺϰܿҿеİ취ˡ
ޣҵϵۣллװ֣˹һ׵Ļ˶
˿׵˵ףֺαظأղ㲻֪һǧ𡭡
ǣܸҲǳ
һ뵽˹ղƭԼӣҲһ
˹ЩĿף׶һԵİЦŵ˴˵ǲҲûҵǾò˹ȥڶһʺŮԿġ
ףãһҲЦ  һԵĹ˹ˣҸ㣬Ҫ͵ϵĻǵʱҿɲӦ
ԲᣬԲᣡ
˹һҲϲֻҪߣʲô˵  ע̫̫ĶȥˣοѾˡ
öһʲô⣬ٺҲòǧ
˹ȥҲƵ˵һǸǽͷݣ
ǺǣҶһˣ׬׬ˣȫΨһ붼˷ܰ
Ҳ˷쳣˵һ뵽ԼҪӵһĳôܹأ
HNʡZУ  ֮ǰ˵绰ѵһ˽˷ɻϼң  Zнһׯ԰ܶZеı˶֪طHNʡ׸ȼҵĵط
ȼѾ˽ʮˣƤֵѾǴﵽ˰ٱ֮ޣ  ȼҵıһӦǹȼҵĵϵڣ  ڱ࣬һС͵˽ͣƺΪľǸЩֱɻͣã
Ұ̫˰ɣ
һ·ɻǰһƬҲһȻûмݻĵط
аɣǼҾסһǼסģЦŵ
ЩطǼģûһ𾪵ʵ
ţ߰ɣ΢΢һЦ˹ȥ
ĸڹȼϴҲĹɶռ˰ٷ֮ʮĹɷݣ
ļݺҲֻռ˰ٷ֮ʮĹɷݣʣµİٷ֮ʮĹɷΪͨĹƱ
ԣȼҵĵλǷǳĸߵģ
ֻǼҼҶһľڳ֮󣬸أ  ȼҵı⣬ѾдļߵȴţȼѾǱ
ҪǹֱɻĻҪ߶ˣ
飬ѾΪ˽㣬βŷŵѾΪ˺ܶ˹עĽˣ
Ҫǳ벻ʲô·ĻǵҵҲƿ  ڳһ⣬ǾǷ⣡
֮ǰİڷΪһڵķûϸ  ķֹһڣһٶڣ  һʼΪһڵķԼǶʮڿܴá
֪Ƕʮʮ֮һﲻǱˮн  ļпڣ˿Ϊ  ÿһ˵ı鶼Ƿǳ࣬˵Ѿ˹ȼʷΣˡ
ѾĹͷϵȼÿһ˵ˣ  ĸףҲγĶ³ڼĿ棬ǲԼЩʱٿŷݣ
ʱȫý弸ȫ۽ϣİͷƺһЩ  ٶʮڵķ˵óʷԵĴ鷳  ܶ˶ѾԳṫ˾ҪƲˣ
ɳṫ˾ǹһִСģע˶ٵĸôܹ֪أ
һβŷŲ꣬ʵΪԭΪǽڵ豸⣡
ѾȥˣҲֻܹ˸ԼĶˡ




1542´ͷԷ
 

ļУ  ɫأǹ򸾿ȥɫڣʵ̫ܴˣ  쵽죬Ѿһҹû˯ˡ
ϴ˵ôɣٶʮڵķһõóôǮ
˵˽ţǹĶܣҲǳĵڶɶ
ܵܺһãжܼռ˰ٷ֮ʮĹɷݣܺüҸռ˰ٷ֮˵ĹɷݣĻһЩɷݣ͸ԼǱߵݣ  Щܹǰٷ֮ʮĹɷݣ
Щ˵ǳʱ̣ǴұŽ
磬˵ĵɣٶʮǿɲһСĿҿ黹ÿ簡ų
һԵĹܹùҲΪͬĵͷ
ĸ죬൱ٿ»ָоˡ
ǰ磬Ҿö˵öԣǼҵƶˣôǮҲòùҲ̴ùĵ
һԹʵЩȥǼûпǰҪǼܹõóǰҲܸ˿ڵģʵǡ
ɩҲǣ˵ǮôǮһҪǵˣǿ޷˰
￴棬ҲЩҪһ˵Ҳ룬ҪǹĻܹм𣿻ڵֵأ  㡭˵Ǽҡûһϲ  ЩҲʵ̫Ҫ˰ɣԼѾǾȻ˵Ļ  ͷԷɣ  ݾƣֱһȺǣ
ɩ˵⻰û˼˰ɣڳʮ꣬ûйҲпͰɣȻ˵ҾôôûǼᷢչôã
һԵĹ͹ҲƵƵͷ  Ҫ֪ǵĹɷĻÿҪóʮڳ
ЩÿٶʮڵĽˣοһֱԴԾӣһ㳤ʲô飬Ǯ  ȫܹóʽҲڣǼϵĶʮڣҲܹոһٶʮң
ʣµһڵĴô
ļǻ񣬹֪ҪɣҲӣ
һӣʱ򹤳ͣʱʧֻ  Ļɼµǻٵĸ  ڵĵ֮Ҫȹһεѹأʱ豸ûпܵġ
Ʒƣڹڻ쵱ģ  ܶ˶ڳỹиģβŷ鲢ûеĶ糱
Ͼ֮ǰĵǸ֮УصͻԼΪ豸ķ  ܶҲһµĶԹЩ˾豸ָ
˵ֻҪʱ򳤷ȹѹأһж˵
ֻǣѵľ
ʱҪȥдѾǲˣڶԳ϶ǳֹ̬ȵġ
һιֻܹϣԼֵܽˡ
ѾóΪܹóǮֻǻ֮ޣԭĵΪԼĵܹܵܺԼɹѹأ
ʵʵ̫пˣ
ǰ٩٩̸ĵܵܺãʷһξۡ
ڰֹķйŹŵ˵ܡܡã֮ô꣬ʵûа취ˣܹյһٶʮھһֲٵóϣλܹóһڣһҲС
磬ܵܵĲ㣬ʵҲѰЩͶʵĿأѾûжǮˡ
һѱһ˵˵˿͹
̰ڰֵ磬ҵҲȶõȥܹõóģҲͼǧҪǴҪĻҶ˵
ҲóǧȾȼ˳ӦƵ˵  㡭ǡ
Щ˵ˣоԼЩðǣ˸оһת
һԵĹɪɪоԼԼͱһ
֪Ͷ׬˲Ǯû뵽˹ؼʱ̣Ȼ飡
ʲô磬ʵмҪ˵ˡ
ſŹԥһºȻ俪ڵ  ˵˿дһ˿֮ɫ
ǡǸ롭˳ԼƺЩ˼ˡ
һԵĹ͹˿ҲǳĬĵͷȥ˼ƺһ
ϾǶ磬Ӧõģɹ˵ġ
㡭úúãǺİȻվɺܿǰһڣ˹ȥ
ȼһҳһţ˿Ѿǳˣ  Ҫ绰ȻʱſڳˣеһѾŭĿԲĿǰһУڱߵıԵˡ




1543ǵĹɷ
 

ZУȼң
ԭʱ黹ǲģ
ֻǵ׵ߵſڵʱפˣΪһҵĳ
лԼĸϤԼĸ˺ѷεĽкܲʹ  ԭ֮ǰ绰Լĸʱ˵ѾˣԼҪģ  ŷ֣ûнһڲϵķ֮С
Լ׵ļֵܽãڳ˹ؼʱ̣Ȼ˵Ҫ˳ṫ˾ѩϼ˪Ϊ  ĸоõһ㣬оԼĸĸԼҪĺĸо
ʮҵĹʵ̲סˣֱӳ˽ȥ  һԵ׺ͰҲЩϾһ飬ʵЩβѣ  ѾˣڵİӲͷƤŹļУ
һȺǿԵ쳣ΣҪ֪һݿЩͬ
Ҳ֪һǰԼŮѴġ
ȻǺܴ󣬿ҲʻͣҼߵҲʵҲĬˡ
һκ¥֮УʵڹҲǲһ˿˿ĺøУ  ڹȼ˵ƺְﲻʲôæԵЩִ١

漸ͬʱ̧ͷԼվǱߣǵǴž㵣
һصؽ͵˽չΪľǲУ  ȻҲ֪ԼĶտ϶ǻ֪ġ
ôأ
֪֪˼֮ϣԼĶܹԶ籩ģ
¸ĸģ
ֱһ̣Լĸģ  Ӵ˰
һҲ΢΢һܿЦ
ȻЦԵһЩΣҲк
˵ʵȼҵĵλ൱⣬ҹпܾδˡ
ԼڸҸԼĴ߽а壬ȴ
֮ǰһֱǷǳ𾴣ֻǽ쿪ʼҪıˡ
һ۹ǳԼĸĸ˹ȥһ˿Цݵ裬飬ôҲ߶Ӱ
㲻Ҳ֪𣿲鲻ܹģǸҲûжãʡˣ
濴ԼĶӣЩۣϾô飬пܵӰľԼӣ
ƴô꣬ϣԼĶһõĲҵ
ֻ첻ԸҲһݣ  ΢΢ͷ裬Ǵѻһģλҵֵףλҡ׷Ůá
˵õʱ򣬹Եôһ˿˿ĺߣ  ȻʽļҳҲˣ  ˵ھȻȥ׷ŮģųҲʲôʱˣ
Ҷӵ鲻İɣһžȻʱ򻹽ԼĶӣҲЦһ
ɩʲô˼ΪãʲôӰ˵Ů˶ڼ⵵ӵ¡
ſҲǳƺĿĲֹڴˣ  ŹųҰ趼û˵ʲôƺûйϵ˰ɣ
úúãûйϵǰɣУȻûйϵǿɱҲˣ磬ǼĹȨԼŰ죬Ӧ֪ҪȨĹ˾вٰɣ
ſŹʵϵļ۸ԽԽͣܶ˶Ҫûѹ  һеĹȨȻһԵĿֻţʱ»Შ
ŵҲǿһ㣬ھҪЮ
һԵİʵЩһûмݣˮů֪
˭Ϊһ˹ȼҾǹȼҵϱ˰Ҫʸ֦޺ţ㹻ʸ𣿡
ԭһƵı˲ʧȡ֮ݣ  Ҫ˵ҲһΪǿ֮ˣ  һߣҲ̻ػһǹŮѣֻѵ˵ġθղǵĻҲˣǵһжĸ׸ģǲ֪飬󷴸ֱ꣬Ǳ壡
Сӣ컹ͦİҽ쵹Ҫûǣ㻹ܲϺŵ̫磬мҹ˾Ǣ̸Ȩתõ飬ھȥ
ʵҲ֪ʱ˲ϵѹۣĳȥģ
֮ǰѾǱĻԣĻһĶ  ǵĹɷ򣡣
ǰ⼸νݣ׵ŭˣ




1544ҵĿɲֹʮ
 

һＤǧˣ
Ļڳһ˶ݵĳĬ
Ĭ֮ȴһƬЦ˸оһͻأ
磬Ҳţ˰ҪеĹɷݣͿеĶʮڣҵĶ
Цû뵽ʱȻ˵ĸЦ  һԵ濴ŹҲǸϽ˵ʲôأ
裬ҰֵѪǾԲܹùɷ䵽˵У
ǮҲǽ˵
ԼĶӣоȻ˸һ˿ĹâԼû뵽ʱԼĶӾȻ˵Ļ
˵ʵһֱƢ²ѳɴĸо  ǾڸղţԼӾȻŷ˾˵
ȻҲ֪ܣԼӵĻоһο
Ҫʲô  ǵ  һеˣܹһҵ  ٴӽԼӵĵͬԼӶԼТģ  ǵĹɷݣ԰ǹȨ鶼ѾˡֻҪܳǮ˭
Цһھ⼸˵Ĺǣ  ǰٷ֮ʮĹɷڹҲֵʮڰɣЦһ
ʮڣǮŭһ
Ǯ˸ĻûǮҪǿֶӵķϣŲʮڶ㣿飬ٷ֮ʮĹɷݻжʮڵǷΪֵǮ
Ļ˵ûдģڵĳǷٶڣ  ۺϵٷ֮ʮĹɷ棬ǾǶʮڣ  ˵ĹɷݲľҪյʮڣһԼҲ׵ġ
㡭
û뵽ʱȻôĺݣԭԤǶʮң  һӾͱʮڣԤ̫ˣ
㲻ÿңĿǰĹɼѾǵͣͣҲǿԤģҸͬͣƣһ
ЦһҪǹôĻôǰٷ֮ʮĹɷݣڶʣˣ
һпν˵һǧ˰ٵһ˻ǲá
ѾǱɽˣ˭ָұ֤ķأ  Сӣû뵽ӻݰŭһ
ż˵ڿóʮڹеĹɷݣֻһΣ֮ǲӦĻǾͲҪҲˣڳҲѲ֣һ군ˣ

Ҳ֪ô˵ˣ֪ʱԼӵ̨ǲԵģҪ˵ЩʲôҰҰû˵
ͷβֻ˵ô仰Ҳ˳Ĭ֮У
磬Ҳ˼Ļǿɾ͸̸
һôҲû뵽ԼֶӸѹţָоʵЩ
׿Źŵ˵ڲһ䣬һծΣʱǵĹɷݻᱻᣬҪҲȥˣвΪĿԲ󡭡
˭㣿ǹȼҵֵõ𣿡һײ廰Ҳŭһ  ˭һͻ֪ˣֳⲻˣҲǷǳʹޣ
ĻЩҵ
硭
һԵĹ￴ԼĶţѾԥˣһߵĹʵҲѣҲѾǻˣ
ųĬ˼ӵãֻҪǮλھͿǩ֣
˿ˣȻֿ˿ʦ˹תˣ
ס
ԭǴ㻨ԼǮЩ˵Ĺɷݵģ˼ǲԼĸɶĸ  ٶڵĹ˵ǿԳܵʮڵģ
ϾոײŸ׬˾Ÿۺϳ׻ƵĻңҲǽʮڣ  ǻѳȥʮڣϻܹʣʮң
Ȼվ뷣һĲ࣬ǻİ취ǣ  ڵĹŵѾˣǵûκεָûȡǵĹȨʵڣ  ĵȴƺ˳Ĭ
׸þ˹ȼҵɳ֮ϣȴźʦͲԱĵ  һתǩԼͲ֮ȷҰԼӡ  ̳˽Сʱʱ䣡  ǮˣȨҲѾս˱չ񣡣
֣⿨еǮȻԽ̫⣬ҲԽһȼü֮
Ź˿̹ŵ˻ûȥ
ŹĻЦһʮʮڣһٿ϶ǹȥˣҿǻԺôɣ
ʮڣǺǣô֪Ҿֻжʮأǲ˼һοҪʧˣҵĿɲֹʮڣǰʮڣ
˿ǳһȻҲ֪ʮڲܹӸϽ⡣




1545¹ȶ㿴߿Լˣ
 

ʮڣ
˵ʱ򣬲ǹŵˣһԵĹ涼һ  жǮô᲻أ  ϾЩǮǹԼӵǮǲ˶٣Ǵжٻġ
ʮңһЩȥҲ̫  Լ˵ԼȻаʮڣôһԵĹˡ
ŵȻҲ֪жǮ֮ǰǶѾˡ
Ȼʮ֣ҲǲȻĻһ  ʮںͰʮڣбġ
Ҫ֪ڹҲͲһң˰ʮǾͲ˶ʮ
Թʱյĵλոʮڶ˵ʵҲʲô£  Ȼ˵֮ǰڼڹ˵ǳļѣƺһⶼӭж⡣
ùŵܲ˵ǣǽٷ֮ʮĹɷһûˡ
ʮڣû뵽⼸첻ⴵţĹ򶼼˰
ǣʮڣӡҲûôɣ
ҿΪһǣ˵ѧʲôãҪѧ˼Ҵţ
ˣҲûжϣ
ŵǱһһģԭ׼ȥǣھȻһεվǱߣ  ʵϣڶ˵Ҳûκεˡ
Ϣ֮˵ĺһӾͱ
ҲҪǲǴţȻһΪǴţţ
֣ҵĿòһ£ͳԼп
˿оԼܹΪԼļһЩ飬ǳļ  ȻǮǿ׬ģ˼׸Լˣ֧Ȩǰɣ  ԭǲҪǮģڿǮǲܲҪˡ
׵֣˵ֱ컹ߣȺ
Щ㵵ĿԼĶӵ㡭㲻ǸֿЦɣ
֣ʱˣܸʲôЦ֪𣿡̵
һԵ׺ͰöǴһ˿Ц⣬ǰã˿̲Ÿо׸ղŵİﵽ˹ļ壡  ЩΡΡվһԵĲܼܼ࣬ҿ
ǣ³
ܼҲһϲʵΪĲܼ࣬ć徳ҲǷǳƵġ
Ҫ֪ڳȨǳĴ󣬶ҹҲǳĸߡ
ҪǳˣһʱȥôõĹأ
˵ˣܼעԼĸģӳʼѾ˶ʮʱˡ
˭Ҳһ׬Ǯÿ˶Լй
ǳܼйڳ鷳ҲϣĹܹ
Ȼ֪ĿԲ󣬿ΪһԱΪ³ţϣܹ漣
ܼ̽п뵽ԼPOS棬Ȼһ֮һ˷ܵ˵³нʮڣͲһڣ
аʮڣ
͸һӵľȣ𾪣  ʵ벻ԼΪʲôôǮ
˿ӶɻһԵĳܼݺݵĵͷǵģٶ˵ģѾȷϹˣ
ܼҲϾʮͻȻ֮˰ʮڣҲ̫ˣ  㡭ǮģҲǼʵ
ʮڣǿԽԼȼü֮Ȼһ㣬ѾڹĿɿطΧ֮ˡ
΢΢һЦʵ˵ҪлأҪ׵Ļһûôõ֮ǰȥ¥˷᱾һɺȫǰٰҪǶǮˡ
ڶôˣһǶǮӮģЩŭ
ȻԼĶӰԼңڻĸ
ôԺһСľܹѼҲȫˣ
ҲǳҲ֪㵽˭ΪʲôӮôǮȴҪȷĸ㣬ȼҲԺǼԶһЩ
δеôˣ˿г˵֮ɫ  ǮһܹҲһַʽ  ԼĶӾȻôû뵽飬ӮʮڣҲͿʮڣ  һԼĸ̵֣ҡԺ󲻻ˣ鲻ף
ȶ³֪뷨ҲûзУһҸʵҲΪ˼һȶ³˳̸һ̸飡
׿ŹһĵȻ
Ҹƺʶɣο֮ʲô
һԵĹſЦ˼һҿǸƭӰɣ磬û뵽澹ȻǿŶǮӮô࣬Ժⳤ֪Ҫܳʲôذ
˿̣ŵѾ¶һ˿ЦݣԭȻǿӮôǮǲûоǺ£Щֻ
׳֪Ѿ۵ҵʲô飿
ҪǸǰͺˣ  ڲһˣһ˿ᣬҲҪȡģ˻ô˼ȻΪ˽ӽԼҲҪ˵Ǹʲôģ
׿Ź΢΢һЦѾ۽ӽ㣿ȶ³ƺ̫߿Լˣ˱ȽϵԵҲΪԲŹģ
㡭ǺôĿ֪Ǹʲôģô˵
˿ĻҲЦһʵ




1546ҵƬ
 

ףôҰ˵أ
Ҳû뵽׾ȻôԼ˵һֱΪֻǸͨСӶѣ
ȻҵԼ棬Լϰֵ˵Լϰ̫߿Լˣ
Ȼܸм׵İɱϾԵԼϵ  ȻˣʵҲ֪Լϵ˽һӵף  ֻױϾǸ  һԵİҲקק׵ףɶ
Ǻǣ˵ҲûдһССĳ治ֵҷѾ˼ӽǣҲæģûôʱ䣡
˵ȻǣȻѰһͻƿڣ
ĵȥˣȻǲܵģ
쳽һ飬ֻҪӿһ½ȶѣ˭Ҳ赲쳽ġ
һ㣬Լĺܣ
Щν̣ƴֿѣ
Լʵǵ  ֻĸô˵ҲʵЩԲˣ  ɫȽϵѿԼһӪҵǿʮǿĶ³ȻһСӸˣʵЩ벻
ȻǻƽҲûеʲô˶ܹ۸ĵزɣ  һԵĹҲǺٺЦһ磬ӶʲôѣֱǲܿҲҿǼӢϣԺ⹫˾ǿӶʣ𣿡
͹ҲЦֻǹ⼸ˣ  ȻԼĵܵãɵ˽ҲĿЩ˵ʵһҪײǽĳ嶯
ô˵ԼΣ֮ʻǰԼǣ
ȻȥǮˣЩǳʱҲҪһЩǳֶΣ  ڹԼĶ֮ضǣ͵ġ
ܹܵǣָʹԼĶôɵģҲϣԼĶӳڴˣ
ԣղŶײ˵̬ȣףڸԼĵܵã  Σ֮ʣԼֱһ˶磡
Ҫ˵Ѿбۿ˿ŵ˵ȶ³߿Լپùȶ³ԣֳ⡢ļˣ˸ûˣȥ
ĳСӣŲھͺӳȥʲôҲʸѵӣ
źü۵Ŀףû뵽СӸո˹ھȻԼ  Ҫ֪ȻǹļңǼļҲߣ  İֲΪһҷģڻʸ˵Ļ
Źŵӣҿ˭ңûеһǹȼҵƶˣҸţ˵ĵûдǼʵ̫ʧˣԺֵ֮
û뵽ʱ㻹ôſü㵱ţôʱ䣬ûйҲпͰɣ㾹ȻһСǣ㰲ʲôİ
ſŹм𣬴˿֮ƺѾǳ׵˺ˣ
磬ǲһʶǻΪԼܹһ٣ҿò˶ãǾ͸ծˣҲ
һԵĹҲǵͷǰҿʱСӾȼǼȼǣ
ҾǶҲģҹŭһ
׿Źȶ³ҲôŭֻҪҺᵹգҿԳΪȫ˾֮һ
Сһӣֻ֪˵
׵ĻһûЦ磡  ųܹΪȫ˾
ǲţǲܵ飬ǳԻ͵ʱڹڶŲϵһοأ  üͷǰȻ涼ڳˡ
ߺҴţ˵󻰣ҿ϶ŵġ
ڣŵ˶ᶨΪСڴţǹȴм䷢һЩͬѰĶ
˵ĿȻ󣬿֮ǰĶӹ˵һǰᣡ  ǰ˼Ӯ˾𶼸ԼĶӣһ˶գһ۾˵Ǹʲôأ  ԭҲҪǳ׵Ĺһ̱Щ亹ˣ  ˲Ǵţô˵ͷķǳǳĴ󣡣  Ĭһεʵ֪߾ͣ
ҵƬóһƬݸ˹
ɻĽӹ׵Ƭֻģ́ͷʱ˶Ȧˣ  ϼŶ³ף
׵ˣһʼϼŻǲô˽⣬Ϊ쳽ԭ򣬹ϼŵ˽ѾǷǳˡ
񿴵׵ݣӡ֤Լ뷨ͬʱǱ߻أ
ֲøղ˼˵Լ̫߿ԼˣȷԼ̫Լˣ




1547𾪵Ĺȼ
 

ϼŶ³  ͷһȼҶΪ֮𾪣ŵѾǳ׵ɵˣ  쳽ֵķзܶ˶ϼҲǷǳľ£  Ҳô̶쳽ˡ
ƣܶҲ൱ĵǣϾϼ˼ҸǮ
ǿɺĲ𰡣
ЩĿΪ˸쳽ڿ˼Ҹ¿  ԣ滹ڽ֮У  ˿̣ϼŵĶ³ͻȻߣҾȻ˵ᣬû뵽
ŵ˺Ȼһֻڲĸо
ҲЩɵˣӲӵƬʵǲ֪˵ɶˣ  ϼŶ³  ͳͷ˼ҲǴм
֮ǰ˼˵߿ԼԼ߿ԼˣϼŶ³ǾҪԼʲôĶ³ҪţĶĶˡ
ֶ֡ҡû뵽Ȼ⡭
Щ״ε˵ţԵЩΣղŻҪ˼ߵģڿ˼ݣԼеȦˡ
Цŵ˵ˣ˱ȽϵԵððҵѣָٶʶ
ȥ㡭ϼŵĶ³ļٵİЩ˵
һԼĶӾȻô˵ϼŶ³ӢţһȻĺܰôֶ³˵أ
֣ҡˣһֱô˵İ
װڰֵû£Ҹѣ֮䲻ƽЩģ
ô˿̿ףЩɵɵĸо  ϼŶ³ôҲû뵽겻ףȻԼ˵𾪣
ϼŵͻȻ𣬰ҲоģʵϵʱҲ˵ϼŵĶ³ƺף  ѹûȥ룬Ϊøܣ  ôϼŵĶ³أһѧѣҵʱʱ򣬶洫Ϊ֣  ͻȻ˵ϼŵĶ³׵Ȧˡ
ʵû뵽ԼȻôһţأ
ÿɻʵףϼŵĶ³ֲ𶼿ϰ
˭˵ҿˣǺǣֻڲ˸ӵҪ𣿡׿˿Цŵ
֮ǰҪǶô죿׷ʵ
׹һֵҲνµġ
ллֶллֶһ׵ĻеһʯͷƺһʧӰ٣  ϼŶ³һ仰ֵ𰡣
ο˼ǵԼ˵Ļأ
һԵĹŵ˴˿̳ӶˣƺǲԸʵ
׵ϼŵĶ³ߣҡײƭİɡ
ҾҡײƭҲƭģ׵Ļһ䣬㲻ٴЩˡ
˵Щ˸ûκεģ
ֶ֪ղ˵ĺʲôʿˮʵ
ȷͷ۳ṫ˾⣬ΪβŷŲ¼ѾǴڷ˼֮ˡ
֮ǰһҪϵԼ豸Ǽҹ˾ҪǼҹ˾  Ϊ֮ǰںͬȷ飬ֻ˼ҸƺԸԼ豸⣡  ﻹ˼߳ƤϾҵĻҲ豸Ӧ̣˵ġ
׿˿΢΢һЦȻ̸ˣΪҵ£ȶ³ӦҲ˵쳽İɣ
ǡǸȻ˵ģ˵ʵӼǶȷһشͻơҿԤǣ쳽һУܿԹҵɾ޴ĳѹǵռ䡭
ȻҲף쳽ǵвʵ̫̫ˣ  ʽΪвԲŵͶ쳽У  ǹ⣬Ҳģ
׵ͷҲ֪һΪ˸ȶ³̸һ飬κ鶼һеİ취һ취ǾΪڵṩܵغͷȡһķá

׵ӣƤһʵ
ǲܵģԸṩصĲƷΪԴһĹף쳽Ժ𲽵ѭ򽥽չλĹ˾ұȶ³һĹɷݣĺʽֵĲɣ
ṩķǷǳĲģṩƷҵȥȵһʱչ  ҲͻأһЩɷݣ˵ѾǷǳźĴˡ
ô쳽ţǻǲܵ飬ΪԺĵù쳽ȴһĵùϼţ  ׵ķڹ˵ȷʮֵˣ
οڷ˼֮ϣҪʼתͰгֱ½ģ  ˵ǸƼһλᣡ




1548Ҫ
 

ȼң
׵ݺ֮ܿ˼Ϊˣ
Ҳûа취飬˭˼ҵôţأ  ϼŵĶ³ĳһݵˡ
ֶ˵˼ҶˣʵķҵǿԽܵģֻҲ֪ڵ
Щԥ˵ں̶ܴϻһεΣ
ộԼ˾Ļǵʱпܱ
һԼ֪ѲɾͲ֪
ҪƱҪͶ룡
ԭ׼ѡǱϾǸԴģӦҪκһҵԼ
˹ͰãҲͺԵȼ̸ˣ
Цŵȶ³ĵȻ֪ģԳĿǰŹȶ³ӦҲǹ˲˰ɣ
⡭ȷҲǣ񳤷ѾĹؼʱ̣Ҳϵ 
е֮ضЩ鲻ȥƴһ£ô֪أЦʵ
ֶ˼˽ˣܲҿһ£Ұͷȴһ£Ҫͷ鴦ˣʱҾֶΣܹܲȥһδ֪ҴӦ˸ֶҲȻ
˵ĵҲʵ飬ھǺϼźⷣûнأ  ԺĻʲôҪһεĥѣ̸ܹһ飡
ĿǶǼٵģΨȶɹѹزġ
Լϵ̵֣Ҿһûᰡϼµ쳽Ǳ޴ĻǾǵһзˣҿδĺ
СӣѲɲ֪𣿰ˣһε֮Ҳǿˡ֮󣬰ѳ㵽׸ֶˣ
˵ʵˣǵԽԽ࣡  ֱӰ⽻ԼĶˣиɾģ
׿˿ЦŵǺǣһùϲٶ˰
ףŶֶͱҿЦ˺ðɣֻǾֺͦõģ˵ˣ쳽ҲǹҵƷƣûΪ˹⳧̵棬Լ˰ɣ
Ĺ۵㵹ǻ׵ͬ
׿ŹĴָҵԽԽ͹ٶˣǺǣȶ³ղ˵Ľ˵ǰ֮˵飬ΪԤףǺɹҲó˰
ֶ⡭ôʹðĿϲǱϻһܳӡ
΢΢ҡͷҲλ˵ʱȽϵޣϣڳչڼƶĳΣԽܹ飬Ҳϣϵ졣˵ˣҸöѣ֮æҲûʲô
˲һ֮ˣͳͰ֮Ĺϵ
û쳽飬Ҳǻæġ
ֻ쳽˾֮Ҫӿȶѣ
ֶɲһܹɵġ֪ǳĸӣ  ΢΢ҡͷΪڵʲôط
ֶȻô˵ˣҲ˵˵ɣڵҪ⼸棬һ˵Ƿ⣬ĿǰܹճǮֻһʮң뷣ĿٶʮڻһĲģ
Ҳ֪׵İæܻúܶࡣ
׾Ȼ˵Ҫڶʱڽ⣬ҲǹףЩ̫ܵġ
Ǯ⵹ǲ̫ģʮҲʲô̫ĿҲҲν飡װڰֵ
̵ֶллȼһĵġ
˵İɡ׳
ڶӰˣĿǰһΪΪ˽ͳɱһЩͼ۵豸ŵµķǹ豸Dĳ˾ڲԸ潻棬һ۵ķչҿ³ͻٵˡ
̾һǮȷǸ⣡  ǿڱأҲһΪҪ⣬ڱû˵Ļʱʲôûˡ
ҲһΪ̶ܴľǿڱ  ֮ǰĳڹڿڱһֱǳĺãӰ죬пƲΣա
ǣڱһҵǶôҪˡ
׳ʵDʲô˾
μµɭ޹˾˾һ֪Ĵ˾ǸǲƷ⣬Ͼһˣʱܶصĺ⳥Ҫȫе
׳Ҳ֪ûеط˵ȥ  Ͼ豸սڻûͶʹõĻܹ˵
豸ôʱˣ˭ܳϵģһ豸ҲйĶģǸӲܳˡ
μţҲüͷⲻǸĹ˾




1549²ţ
 

ֶҲμţ
ףμȻܳһ㲻һе˻Ĳ̫֪
һֹӣҲЩֵʵ
΢΢ͷɣμǱߵ齻𣿡
ǴԲѣҿͲʲôϼŵĶ³ɣμŵΪ˼ɵӰϣ
ŵ˿ô˵һε˳
ŹŵҵܵܣҲûкȥһֵݶûˣͺúõĹۿˣ
׵ݣƾ׵˵һȣ˼Ҿġ
˵ˣ˼ڹƭԼʲôǮ  ˼ҶҪˣƭôһǮ  ŵŹĻɫ࣬Ǿǲߣ  Щ˵̬ʵҲ˽ģԸʧܣҪԼЦֺϼŵĶ³ǿҪ
˵Щûп֮ǰǾԲ뿪ġ
ԭҪЩ뿪ģ
Ȼֶ³ģôҪ˺ڵӣЩǣҲҪǺһӣ
׿ŹôЩˣһЩͶѣԺȹȶ³ϼźĻʱ˵࣬ǧڵӦеģǵĹɷݼʱڵֻǡ
ͷҲԣ氡ȻҪ֣ǵ
裿ԺһˮҲǼҵõ
̬Ѿǳ׵ıǵŵһǾôվſ  Ĳ࣬Щǻûʧϣ׾Ǹƭӣ
ƺ־ò񣬲ʲôǾҪƤ߿꣡  ڴЩˣ׵ֶʵҪľ⣬һǮһۣܹĻǳоˣҪ˵Ļֻ˵ʼǱ߻е⡭
ʼ죿ôˣʵ
ûǵɣǲܹˣԸղûֱӴӦֶһԭΪһҸֶʱڹʼǱʹӵĻʱǿܾڵͣͣˡ
֮ĵǵģϾЩ֮в񳤷˽Ӫҵ񳤳Ĺҵ  һҶԳпĻʱѩϼ˪Ҳûпܵģ  һûг֮ǰǾԲܸϼźġ
ʱпܾǸ֣֮
ϳɾȻһˡ
ЦŵʼǱҹϵͨһ°ɣ
ԶԶԣֻҪһΣĶɹȥˣ
׵˵һǮԱȽϺý֮⣬Ѷȼߵġ
ĿǰǮֶĳŵѾûˣ  ֶֻ˵飬ľòǺܿף
ҪܹеһĻڳ˵ĵĺϢˡ
ɣɭ˭˵㣿׿Źʵ
ɭǺ÷˹ܲ˵㣬Ѿε绰÷˹ܲã˵ĻᣡɭǱ˴绰ȷı̬Ϊ豸ûǵרҵԱάޣԼ⣡
ţһҴ绰Ӧòѣװڰֵ
μŵǱȽϵĺýģϾμŲǸ˵  ֻ˼ǹʼǱߵӦ˭
ҲѾˣʵڲеĻҺˣ  ϼһ붼ǹҵˣҺҲԵôͻأˡ
ţ÷˹ܲѾ绰ˣûκεĻأƾһͨ绰Σ
Цһʵϣ÷˹ϵ֮ǰһֱɹġ
ǣ豸̸ģ÷˹ܲõĹϵǺܺõġûа취㣿ϼŵĶ³μеģҲǰ˸ӴţҲЦһ
ǿ׼ֱǴţƵĸְ  μſǿ֮кܵ͵һҵ˼ҵǮܹˣ  ô˼ҿΪһĳı˼ܲõľ  Բܣ  ź͹ľǸƭˣ
һԵĹЦһҪΪԼ첻˾Ͱ첻֮ǰҲôΪģֶһһεĴҵ
ߣɵˣ˼ҵʱˣ»˼ǮذɣмһЦ
׸ˣֱ绰Ͳͨ˸ֻ  򵥵˵˼䣬Ȼ͹˵绰
Ϊƺ˵ʲôһ㣡
ˣ׵ӣЦˡ
ȶ³һͻе绰ģǽˣ׵˵
ôװβǴ绰ͽˣ㵱СŲмĿףȻתŹ磬ҷȰһ䣬ƭʵ̫ͼһЩɱ𡭡
ڹ˵֮ʣһԹĵ绰Ȼ




1550¿ҪĹ
 

һ𣡣  Ҳһ㶣˵Ŀƺϣ  Լֻ˿ɵֻϵǸʱЩȦˣ
÷˹ܲã  ŵ绰ôǱߣһԵĹſŹã㷢ʲô㶰˭ĵ绰
磬ǡǺ÷˹ܲõĵ绰һҲˣ  ÷˹ܰɣ֮ǰǴ绰ôܻ绰أŵʵ
һԵĹĭȻѵ磬᲻ǡ˴֮󡭡
ܣԲܣղŴ绰˵͹ˣ⻹ûӵʱ䣬绰ʹˣʶ÷˹ܲãܵ飡˵Ǻ÷˹ܲʲôأ
ſŹ
ǡҽӻǲӰŹţϾһֱԹΪĵġ
ӣΪʲôӣʱֱ˵Ǳ壬øʲôǻǸʲô˰Ҫʼա
˵ģֻ֪
ֻǹк÷˹ܲõϢҲˣ  ûа취ҲεĽ˵绰
÷˹ܲãǹ
һ͸÷˹к˵ڲڳǶں÷˹Ҳһֱܵأ
Ͼ÷˹ǿŵܲãʵ͵λǱأ  Ǻ÷˹п𣿡÷˹ôĳȡ
ʲô÷˹ô˿ҲЩҵ˵Спյģ֪÷˹ҵʲô𣿡
ģǹһθһ豸飬ǲ˼֮ǰǲΪûеȡ֤һص˾Ǹš
÷˹̬Ⱥõ˱ըһûгȥ  Ȼɭ˾ܲԴ绰Ǹʲô˼  ź÷˹ĻЩƵʵ÷˹֮ǰѾ˶ôڡ
ܣ֮ǰҵĻֻɭ˾黹ǷǳĽԭģһܷġ
÷˹̵˿̵Ѿǹ̫̫ˡ
ڸոգ÷˹ĽӵѾʧ˺üĶ³ĵ绰
³ڵ绰ֻ˵˼仰͹ˣһǲϧһд۰ʧ  ʲôϧһдۣ  Ҳ˵ɭ޹˾ôҪ˼Ҷɹѹأ
÷˹̵ģֻǸ³ΪʲôͻȻעһ˾  ѾǺ÷˹Ҫ֪ˣֻ֪ҪԵķӣ  ˭μ˼Ҹһأ
˵һСС˾ܲãεμܲã˼˵ҲùԹԵĹ
μŵʽһжɶ³˵㣡
Ǹ³µֻҪִоˣֲһǮ
ˣ
ʲôడ÷˹ƺһСһ㣡  ôأ⻹ʶǸǿƵĺ÷˹ܲôоԼڸԼ˵һأ
÷˹ʵǲףΪʲôͻȻĸı⣿
ڹû뿪ʱϢҪ
ĿɬֻԼ֪ˣ  ֪һɭ޹˾еһ⣬ôڳζʲô  ǾζѾжȥٰٷ֮ʮΣʱһȽļΪɾͿȥˡ
ͬʱҲ۵ȵһӽ͵˱㣬ЩվʳƷȥվ̨
һĻ˵һεΣǹȥˣ
뵽һԣǾǳķǲɭҪеһЩأ
÷˹ǵˮ߳⣬ŵ˹˾ʼ췣ǶԴǸ⣡ⲻͻȻı⣬Դһֱڲиĵ飬ڸղų˽
ǡǺ÷˹ôһĳ˹ȵףȻ䷢ԼĹɷ̫ˣ
ǰӵϢĻ´Ҳ˹ɷˣ  Ҫ֪ĹɶÿõǮǷǳġ
ڰ˸ˣҪһͷײˣ
÷˹΢΢һЦתһ¹ȶ³ɭ˾ԸеȫķڵǸȶ³ģǵĲƷҲһһԺǾԻᱣ֤ǵȫ
Щƣ˿ĺˣ
ܣ鷳ˣ÷˹һεĹ
롭ģһһתȶ³
˵꣬˵绰˿̹ŵ˶ǽĿΪ֪÷˹˵ʲô
ڳģ³׻ûܹöDԵˡ




1551һһּҳ
 

ɬʣһ˿ķŭ  ˵绰÷˹ܲõһһһԼĿ֮У
˿̣ʶûôļ򵥣  ÷˹ΪʲôͻȻ֮ı̬ȣһڵ֮ϣ  ȻղŶǸԳϼŶ³ļһŹϵ
ҪȻôôĴأ  һոմ绰ûмӵʱ䣬÷˹ĵ绰ʹԼߣ  ֻǹʵЩ벻ףΪʲôһһ绰ܹһŵľأ  ϣһ𰸣ƺԼԶ֪ˣ  Źį飬һԵĹЩʵãô˰÷˹˵ɶ˰
ǰãʲô鰡ѲʲôõϢǶѾ뿪ˣҲӰɣ
һԵĹҲǰο˵ϾҲǺٿӣ
硢磬һδˣҴף
ˣʲôˣ˵ʲôأɻĿŹо˹ַ
ֻǹŸź÷˹ϴҪ֪ǼŹ˾ӰǷǳľ޴ġ
Ǹղ״˸绰Ǳ߻Ҫһ°ɣҲôн˰ɣ
ٴԼĶ磬Źķ˹ȥ
Լãʵ÷˹ܲһֱϵģǾ鷳һ°ɣ
磬㡭㲻ҪôġЩε˵
΢΢ֵǿһЩãҪȻָⱳֱԼͱһŸԼӹ֮أ
̾һ֪ԼԼѺѾ޷ֲˡ
ղŵǹŵľͷѾʧô̶̵ļӵʱ䣬ѾǷ˾ת
磬÷˹ܲѾͬǸҳûйϵŵе⳥ɭ˾е

һʱ䣬İ
˶ˣʵû뵽Ȼһ  ȫ⳥ɭƼеⲻ˵һӾʡٶ  ֵķзķ粨֮⣬ĸûκεʧ  ֱһ˼Ľǹ˿̶ѾЩɵˡ
ã㡭˵ʲô⡭ôأ
ŵɴ۾ԼãоԼ˵ĻǺһ㣡  ɸղУʱѪҺ٣оþ
ҪĻôǵʧֱ޷ģ
ŸղʮԼĹɷݣĻʮڣһڿ¶ֵ
Ϊһǩ֣ʧ˽ڣֱҪ  ڵ׷ŹһԵĹҲЩѵĿԼã
磬Ƶ̾һȻҲţȷģǺ÷˹ܲ׿ڶ˵ģἴ̶ǰ׻ƣȡڳչ֮ٿŷᣬ׻Ƶýڳ£
ҵ찡⡭÷˹ǲӱŸ˰ŭһ
һߣ
ܵ׵ߣϵ˵ֶлл̫лˣҪĻ
Цŵ鱾ǵĴֻǳϴѣμŵĶ³ҵˣҵĻŵġɭ˾μµĹ˾Ӧòѡ
ף̫ţ˰ɣһ仰Ȼ͸㶨ˣһҲĴָ
ʵղЩʱ򣬶о쳣ѣ
׵ǰƺһжⰡ˼ҽ˸ʮĵ绰͸㶨ˣ  һһȸԾǺ÷˹ĳŵһӽʽ⣬ڳǾ޴ã  ҲͬĴֶָҾͷ㣡ģԺָҴģôԣҸ쳽˾ĺѾǰ϶ˣһγչԾͰ鶨ˡ
ҲǵͷֶҵǷˣԺ󳤷ṫ˾ͽȥһɣҲˣҲӦЪһЪˡΨһԸһŪӳ
һĻҲĪɫͨ죡  ҲЦЦҿʱˣ
ǰҿ⺢ӻ治ͦϲģһҲЦ
Щ˼˵裬ûûдӦأ
㻹ϽӰѾð͸̵Ľμ氢Ҳûʲô͸ģɱϰ
ԼͷһȻݸ˰ã
Щ̫˼ԥһ»˹ʵҲǾһġ
׹һЦǽԴϲ˰
ô֮գֶһҪЦŵʱֶɵøĶӵ֤ˡ
ȶȶ
ڹǱ٩٩̸ʱһģӳŹķ˹




1552·ŭ־
 

ȼҴ֮УǺʦͳܼ˶˷ܵЩԣ  ˹ŵʧ֮⣬˶˷ܵЦݣ  ʱѾǼҴҵ˹ɫԴһЩŵĸо  Сôˣ
Щ˵񾭶Щˣںܶ鶼ǳĽţ  һЩ紵ݶЩզզģ  Թ˵ҲϸģǰҲһŭˣ˵кܶ˾ϵĹȶ
³ǡǸʼˡ
һᵽʼ죬ܶ˵Ӷ˵Ϊʼ˺ܴľԵã
һҲפרŸ£ֻһǱȽϵѲѣ
ˣ밡
̵ֽ־ȻֻһССĸǵ˵طϣзĺܡ
ҵأ֮ҲǺóԺúȵд־ϣ־ܹԼ˵һ˵û
־ҲΪܵ˹ĺ£ĵҲԽԽߣ
ÿȼ߻һȦ˸оһͷۣɹҲӴ
ܿ죬ʹһȥʮµ˽  ǸһɨһΧˣȻֵͦֿᰡ
쵼˰Ҳǳ־Цŵ
Ӵǣȶ鲻ȻʱЦĳ˵ȶɳ㿴ٵļߣ
־һǻˣζʮ㣬Ź˵ֱ꣬ӳŹ׵λȥ  Щ΢΢ü쵼öˣǼıȽ٣  ֻû뵽һССĸߣȻҲôţ  ˵־ӦǻĽˣʵЩ˿Ų  һ˿ƣЦŵ쵼Žء
ǼڼʲôҿɸȶЧʵ̫˰־
ǣ쵼ҪȻڼԶٷ취ָأʱ򻹵쵼æ
־ҲЩƣ־оͲǽˡ
ϲˣ˲һʵµ֣
־һĻô֪飿ʱȻָߣȶĻǴ󰡣

һЩסˣѰ˼ΪʲôҪ֪أ  ־־һһΪ˳鱼ߣû뵽㾹ȻҸ㶫ģҷҸ㣬ûҵͬΪָܹΣ
쵼ҡҲ˼
һ֪־ΪʲôͻȻô
ʵЩµôһԱƿȫأͣͣڳͥżӰģ취ָҲûдɣ
ӴǣСǴðİ˵Ǽһûһ˰־׾Ȼ˵ԼҲһ
Ҫ˵Ѿǿڵ˭ҪҸʲôҲҪҪҪóİѾϳɹˣĿǰҲͲʼָͨˡ
һ첻ȶ³ļ˸˰ҲҪǸı˰ðɣҽ쵹Ҫ˭ܹùʼָǵͣͣ
־ЦһоԼܵӣ
ԼǹʼפලˣںȻоһڹȻˣ  㿴ȥƺϣָˣʵ
־Цһûҵͬ⣬ǾͲУ
ֶֶǧ𡭡Ҳһʼ˿ɲܹﰡ  ϾֻһˣֺαȥЩأ  ʲôֶֶģҿɲʲôҿھͺܲ£־
Ҷ²ҪҪܹóָ
Ҳøһϻˣһ鶼ˣֻŹʼָһҲͳˡ
־׿һп޵ˣ  ־Ҳһš͵ˣŭһ湻İҲѻߣһǳҪУķɣһ潨飬ͣꡭ
𰡣ǰ·ϱưһ
Ȼ׺Ҳܸʼ˶ɣ
һԵĹҲǵֶǺúǰҪȻ͡͡
ҲЩ˵ȥˣܲԼ׸־Ǹɣ˵ʵ鱾׾ûɶϵ  ΢΢ҡͷ׼׼ȥμĳչڳָ飬Ұ㶨
־׵Ļ׵ŭˣ  ŭһСӣҪܹóֵָд




1553ºϵ
 

־ŭˣ
ùʼĸ쾹Ȼű˵ӣ  Ǵûй飬ʵҲǷԳָǲˬûͨ
оԼûʲôڸˣ  ҲΪˣ־ڼȵĿ񱩣Ҳ˵ˣǰСʵ̫ܴţˣ
鶼ûнأóָ
Ҫ֪糤űʼͣİǲܵ顣
ƫƫֲܵ飬ȻһСӸö֮˵ˡ
ⲻǴоԼȨܵ˼ս  鼱֮µ־˵Ļ  ֻ֪׵ݣӲ֪׸ϵĹϵ
֪ĻͲˡ
ȻˣΪŵһԭǾΪɭ޹˾Ѿ׼ԼĴˡ
һǰᣬϰȻˮɵˡ
˲ǲףǾ֮ǰμŵΪֶǡʶμŵĶ³
ɹʼ첢һǾһλ˵Щˣ
ǱϾǰԼˣ˼Ҳʱ̨ɣ
ڵĹһң˵ȴ׵ĽѾ·ˣ־ǵˣ  ͳֻͨ˺ϵĵ绰  ϴ˿ھǵı棬ҲǷǳæµϼҪ޳תðٷ֮ʮĹɷݸҵ飬ʵЩģ
Ҫ֪ٷ֮ʮĹɷǾζţÿ궼Էֺ쵽ǧڵ  ʲô  ǧڿ˵ܹùܶԭЩˣ
ңǾǰһģڵڹУҲˣ
ĸ߲ΪҲ𾪲ѣ  һܹԼҵ۷ʱ򣬼ˣʵΪ֮һ̾
˾޴ջ˸о׵ĸ˾綼ǵõһ  ׵ĵ绰ҲЦŽСְô˰
ϣHNʡء
״˿Ѿܳ⣬Щ绰Щ绰ǲЩ֪Ϊã
ܹĻǷǳĲģ  Цŵ㻹ϺôܵHNʡǱ
ϣ֪û˵飿Цʵ
ţ˸һ㱨ˣеϧôһӪҵ
ҲЩ̾Ϣĸомϧ֮飡
һѾƴˣDμҲѾͨˣǳˮ߳⣬ŵ³Ըһеһεķ׻ƵڵǸ
ʲôС˵ģ
Щ𾪵ʵҪ֪ĲǳǶԹһɣ  ӹҴȾͿԿóҶЩҵҪǷǳߵġ
Ӳϸӵ˵˹Ҷڳһֺɸֵζ棡
˵μһеĻôͿԴ۵ķ˼֮˳
ʱýʷĶͱμţ  ҲǺϣ飬幤ҵܹһε¼֮а  һϣμŵĶ³ҵĺѣѾĸ˳ŵͻɭ˾Աִд¡
ǺǣС绰ǵҪ̸İɣҲ΢΢һЦ
ֺǺǵ˵ʲô鶼ϰһγչҲڼѰͻƿڣһͻƿڣڵгǿдƣƱºܶĿ࣬ӪҵֻҪҸǺʱ˭Ҳ˵ʲôġ
뷨ܺð̾һȻϼŵҲרѯҵɣϾϼŵĶ³
ϣӦ֪ڱʼͣͣ˫ĺһϰܲ
׵Ҫʵ֣Ҳûʲô˼ġ
ϳĬһСְȷǸɭ˾Ǹҳееķ
ϣһҿԱ֤ŵ˵ƴӵ֣
Ȼûκε⣬ҺƤȥʼɣ
ҲЦʵֻҪǳĴһжûκεġ
ЦŵǾͰкˣ
˵꣬Ҳǹ˵绰˽ȥԺϵİЧʺܿͻнģ
־˽ȥҲһδ˵  ӭȥֶ
ȶӦûˣ׼׼ȥɣ΢΢һЦ
ߣûн֮ǰҿ˭ߣ־ŭһ
ӱܣ϶Ųߵģ  һԵĹŵǱ߿ֶֻ֣ܾʵЩ죡
ʱһһĽţ˿һǵѾǴ־ֻ֮ϣ  ־ԭŭĿԲҲüͷⲻԼλĵ绰
ֻ֪뵽ǵλĸöѣ
־ӵ绰һ̣ŵòûаֻˤ˵ϡ




1554ǰһ̬
 

־һŻ
ûüйߵĵ绰͸ˣ
绰һ죬˶һ飡  ΪղŹҲô׵ģžž
ѲڻݸղŵһĻ  ʼμűϾͲһˣ˵ˣҪĻҲܽɣ
Ϊʱ򶼿Ҫ°˰ҪҲõȵɣ  ǹҲǾӦòڷˣοһԵĹŵأ
ǾȱһףϼŵĶ³ô  ѲĹ㵽زҪ֪һСᰡ  ־ͬ־ǰɣٱ󣡣绰ͷһϵ
֡ôԸҴ绰ˣ
־һٱ֣ŵöһ£  ٱ󣬹ʼȨ˵һ˵ɱȨ֣  Ȼû˵ôţٱ־Ķͷ˾һûġ
Ѿʱ־ӵٱĵ绰Ҳɻˣ  ǶСʶˣЧҲô߰ɣ  ٱ־ͬ־ղҴ˵绰Ǵ˵HNʡһγͻ¼ǰɣ
ǣ쵼һֱڴģʲôָʾ
־̬ѾǸղôǿᣬȡ֮һӣ
ٱһµϵ棬κһҪ֮
쵼ģĿǰǵĵѾʵԵĽ׶Σ
־һ˵Ҳûиʵڵģļġ
ٱɣһ³ͣͣԼָôһ˵ͣͣҲǲεı˵һγΪ豸ǰɣ
˵ȷô˵ģĿǰɭ˾ûиκεĴ𰸣Ӧòģ
־ڴ»˽ģɭ޹˾ϵĻô鶼ðˡ
һҹ˾ԼڼԵشʧӦûԸϵġ
һ豸Ѿˣܳϲ˹أϾ豸άǳṫ˾Լˣ
ٱѾյȷеϢɭ˾Ѿһεʧ󣬲׼ȫ뷣ڵǸԴӰ죡ԷһˣֻҪȴˡ
֡ҡûܵκεϢô֪ģ
־оԼĶͷЩתʼ쾹Ȼȡ˶ԳʱͣͣĴ  оԼһıǸһﵽ˭ôܰЧôأ
Ѳıиˣһ뵽ߣ־ͷ亹ܣ  ٱղ쵼˵绰顣ǹӪҵϼŵֶ³ҲǱߣֶ³һá
ϼţֶ³ûûа
־ЩƣЩʶİ˸ղŸԼСӲʶ֮⣬Ļ϶Ǵġ
ѲСϼŵֶ³ôأ  ־ո뵽ߣȻ˸ղŹǸСӽֶ  ˾ϼŵֶ³ɣҪĻˣ  ڿֶ³ֳҪְֵ
ôܲڣղ쵼Ѿ˵ˣˣһҪ쵼㱨
ٱҴҵĹ˵绰Ҳư
ղźϵĵ绰ֱӴߣصΪ飬˵ϼŵֶ³Ǳߣ
ֶ³ݼΪ⣬涼ǳĹעٱҲǲҵ
ˣҲܹ΢Ĵˣ
ô쵼ԺϵʱǸоԼŵĲС
ȼң  ־ϳֳһĨ֮ɫ̽ԵĿ׵ֶ
ղŶǸˣλϼŵֶ³ֺ֪ӣ־޲Щˡ
Ҫ˵ҲֳӰ
ϼŵģϼǾǮ˼һϼŵĶ³ˣһʡķ⽮¶Ҫкİɣ
οԼһССĹʼĸأ  ѾǵõȷеϢˣȶȻĻҲҪ˷ʱˣ߰ɣ׳
ֶԡԲ𣬸ղҡһʱ嶯ðϣܹ½⡭־Щ˵
׿˿־ϣһ飬ȨҲԣϣԺΪϰհʵ£ǻҪȥƺ鷳ˡ
ӦõģӦõģֶߡ
־Щɵˣײδ󶯸ɸ꣬Ҳǰһ
ҪǸղٱֳĵطӵĻ֪Ҫʲôĺأ
˿׵˵ȥǶһζӳµĸо̼һ١
֪ļ죬׻綼Ҫˣ




1555·᱾̫
 

¥
ڶ磬ۼ˴İԱ
ΪҪһֵ̳ᣬĿľҪ쳽һϵеĲ𣡣
ҲӦŹ׵˽˺¥
飬Ȧ洫ǷзһֵļһһӾ˷᱾ٶ᱾һɽʮ𣡣  һĿ࣡  ֻĿǰڼȵ֮УԹ˿̳Եò˴
ܶʱ򣬶óŲˡ
ףǸ˼һ
᱾һɿ׵ķĮԱ߻վһʮµİӣ  ӮôǮ㻹ûðȻһ׻ˣ
˵˽᱾̫ɣǷ᱾һɵĸףͬҲǷ᱾ĵˡ
ʵϣ׽쵽ʱѾǸоһ˿ͬѰϢ
Ϊ֮ǰʱδܵжٵϢڣһȴһ
һɹϢȻǿ󣬿ȴҲʵʵڵϢ
᱾һɳ˿ȥΪĹ죬ҷ·һо֮УҿѰ֮ˡ
ߣѰ֮ˣҿǸѰˣ
᱾̫֮ˣֻΪĶӷ᱾һ츳㣬Բδ磡
˵֮ҲȷǸоһ֣  ȻԼĶӲ֮ˣҲǰԼĶţҪѰǿ١
Ȼû뵽ԼĶӾȻһͨˣΣ̵ܹġ
᱾̫ҲԷǳĵ͵֪׻Ƶĵ̣ûյĶ֮ǰܶ黹ǵ͵һЩȽϵĺã  ҪСӵ鷳ҲõһƫƧĵطﶯ֡
οֻҪЩ˽׻ƣͻ׻˶ˡ
᱾һ΢΢һ̾ȻףӦô죿
Ƚ˵ҪľͬԸ쳽治֪쳽״ĹʦȻܹĹܶأ
᱾̫ɴ˿ҲЩͷöΪ쳽˾飬ԼϷæҵصܵ׻
һֱڶûһյĶۣķɱ쳽ĻԺƱػᱻȡ
Ѿǿ̲ݻˣ
᱾һ΢΢һЦ״ˣҾõģ쳽׻ƹڵ黹ûи㶨οһأò˶ãԼͻˣ
ߣҲ̫ˣΪһιΪ̸ɱ쳽𣿡
᱾̫ɿŷ᱾һ΢΢ҡͷ֮Ѿһ˿â
Ŷ״ˣһβΪȷɱ쳽Ѳɡ
᱾һҲһ˷ܵĿŷ᱾̫ɣʵҲ֪ԼļǸʲôļ壡  ֻЩεǣ츳ʵ̫ˣȻܴǿġ
Լļ廹ǳڴģ׻ƣΪ׻Ƶ߸ȲǼߡ
˿̣ҲǶһݵڴ  ᱾̫ЦǵĿɲǷɱ쳽˾ϾϼŵıӦй֧ţ쳽ڹڻǿԷˮ𣬴ѹǵгԡ
ףĿ겻쳽Ǹܶϵͳļɣ
᱾һɵĨһ˿ɫˣ  ҪܹõĻʱ쳽ɣ  ᱾̫΢΢ͷİɣΪҵжһǷ᱾ҲǴ˺ܶĸ֣һСС쳽˾ô赲סǵĲأ
ɡϾ׻ư״˵
᱾һɻЩǣһҪǱ׻Ƶ߷˿ôأ
ȻΪԼʵǿ󣬿ǿѹͷߵĵҲǶá
ҲһԵľˣ  ᱾̫ɳˣ˶ӣ֪ˣȥһǸȼҵˡ
ףȥǸʲô᱾һЩƵʵ
Ƿ᱾ں¥ôˣú𣿡᱾̫
ǣ״ˣ
᱾һɵ˸˷ܵĹâԼĸӳһȼҪùˣ  ʵϣ᱾ͳҲһЩģҪ֪ĿǰĶϵͳڳ׶Σ
ܶ༼涼죬Ծ⼼ôһ  ĶϵͳȻȫĺͷ᱾мҲһļǷ᱾ġ
һĺҲ˭ѹ˭  ֻеĽڵ֮ϣ᱾ͷѵĻ˿ɶԳһγصĴ  Զ  ܶ˵Ŀⶼǳŷ᱾̫ɺͷ᱾һɵķȥ黹˽ֵһЦ  ᱾̫Щ۵ʱҲǱӶˣ  ֪ԼҪסҪʵ֤᱾ɲǱ˿Цġ
ȶ
᱾̫ߵ˹ĸǰδԼ֣ǵĺһ䣡  ᱾£ͬȻͷ˿Ѿ˸Ϊе׼ˡ
˵ˣһ᱾̫ɹûаʲôģ  λһҪ
᱾̫Сĸ˵껰֮ȻΧ˵
һʱ䣬ܶѾǳŷ᱾̫ɵķ˹ֵȻǲ´ˡ




1556
 

¥Ĵ֮У
˿̳ἴҪٿ·ӢŹڽҪһЩ飡  ҲһЩһ׶ҵֵһЩ飡  ڣ˵ĿѾǾ۽˷᱾̫ɺ͹ϣ
Ϊ¥ľֵѾǴķз
ܶΪȼҳô飬Բطˡ
û뵽ˣҿȥƺǳĲ
᱾̫ɸȻ˹˵ǿֵӣ
᱾ɲ̫ãҪԳͶʰɣ
һ˿ŷ᱾̫ɣҲ͸һɳЦζ
˲ǱˣǷ᱾ľ֮һĶ³ʩ͵£  ʩ͵Ӧ˽ҵԸ񣡣᱾̫Цһ˼˵⣬ҵǷ᱾ȻҲ֮ҽ볤ֹһк
᱾̫ɣʲô˼ǿкͬģ
һ䣬СӻǱļǿ
Ϊֶ³ЩĻҪһˡ
ͬǺǣҷ᱾ںôһСǮ𣿲ôһΥԼΣҿҲŲ˰ɣٺ٣
᱾̫΢΢ЦǼԣʲô³ġ
ڳֻҪ֪֪Ƿ᱾ѡ
벻ķۣĿֻһǾ쳽
᱾һݰ׳н
ǰʵ岢Ҫڵ
һýعĻʱ򳤷ڹĵλǾû˰
»ӦɣϾ˭ҲԸ᱾
û뵽᱾ıôÿ죬ôͻȻһˣ
һ˶˾Ȼǿó᱾̫ΪʲôʱôһƲ۵飡  Ͼϵͳһ飬ǲ᱾ܶ˾Ժ
ʩ͵¿ŷ᱾̫ɵӣ΢΢һЦ᱾̫ЩܰȻ㲻ԸǿǿԸˣ
ʩ͵Ҳ˵飬ԼĶӱͨһӮ
ӮǷ᱾һɵģʩ͵üЦ
᱾̫СӹУʤٵģҲǰһˡ
ʩ͵ͬʱ֪ˣԼӮ˷᱾һɵǸǳٶѣ
ʱ򣬼Ϊʩ͵ҲҪһѳˣ
ʩ͵Ǳ۹˾ֻǷ᱾ʣµĶοһٵյҵ
᱾̫Ҳգֻ΢΢һЦѿ֮죡  Ҫ÷᱾̫ʧˣǳõúܣЦһ
ܲɣոոɭ˾ܲú÷˹˸绰úõչչǳӦøܵչ˵˰ɣ᱾̫΢΢һЦ
׿ŷ᱾̫ɵӣҲߵǰҿ㻹ǹܺԼĹ˾ˣ˵㶼ôģǲе㹷úˣ
ӮһǮǸһ᱾̫׵
ҵģܹ˭أ׵˵
Ҳǳˣܿϧ˵ĻҲʧҵˣ˵ζܰɣ
᱾̫ɵĻ˵ҲǱȽϵĶ񶾣ֻ̼ף
׿ŷ᱾̫ɵİɣᵹգһᷢչĺܺáɭ˾Ѿʽ׻ƵĹںýǸˣԿҪʧˡ
ƾ㣿׻ǲǶôϲţ
᱾̫ɸ飬Ҫ֪᱾̫ǹЭĻ᳤λȨأ  һζԸ쳽Ҳģźܶа˼  ԭҲֱ鷢
Ϊط᱾棬Ըɭ˾ܲú÷˹˸绰
Ȼɭ˾̣ǱϾҲǸйصزҵҿ˵ͬУ
ֻǺ÷˹ӵ˷᱾̫ɵĵ绰û̫ãͽӵ˸ĵ绰  ڵĺ÷˹ѾǳԼ˽˷ɻִ˽¥أ
ڳôˣȻǸִһʵĻǲͶĵʲôῪʼжʮӣҲš
׵ĹҲǷǳ֪᱾̫ɵݣ˵ôƶ׸ܷŹ
һ㣿᱾̫ɷǳԼ÷˹ĹϵȻ÷˹Կˣ»ϾͶˡ
һԵķ᱾һЩǵĿԼĸ׵״ˣֹթСӾء
ߣһССĳôܹ֪Ҹ÷˹Ĺϵ÷˹Ѿ׿ȷ飬Ϊһ˾ܲãΪ˵Ƿƨ𣿡
᱾̫ɵıŷ᱾һҲڵĽ  ׿ŷ᱾̫Цһҿûôй߳Ļǲģ




1557¶ķ᱾
 

֮У  ˵Ŀⶼڷ᱾̫ɵϣֶģ
Ҫ֪֮ǰĶľֺܶ˶ûпû뵽һη᱾̫Լȥָ˶ˣ  ģǲģ
һѵѡ񣬲ӷ᱾̫ɵĻоͿԿóţ  һԵķ᱾һɵİΪ׵ϳԹοˣ
ڿױܵľһַ
һҧʮ¾  ֻԼƱˣ˱ƵϣʵЩˡ
ʩ͵¿ŷ᱾̫ɵӣ΢΢һЦ֪᱾̫ЭĻ᳤ǧڼôܾأǰɣ᱾̫
˿̵ʩ͵ҲһĻЦһˣ  ԼԱҲǿˣֵķ´
Ȼ֪׵˭Ҳ֪˵ʲôʵȴ֪˺ţ
᱾һĳ˼Ҹ
Ҹ᱾̫ĳжŸɣò˵˵ȷһⰡ
᱾̫ԭоŭһʩ͵µĴ̼⻹ˣ  ʩ͵³ΪãСʵǸҪҵҪҶʲô
ǺǣͦҿǲҸҶģǲ㺦ˣ
̼˵˭Ҳܲˡ
ο漫Ϊϧķ᱾̫أ  ᱾̫ŭһϻûҷ᱾̫ɲҶĵ飡
ŶǺǣǽͳˡײмһЦСӻŰ
ʵҲһĶʲôֻҪСӶ˶ѣ
˵һʲôЭĻ᳤֮׸ӵˡ
ӦþСߥ޵ģҪȻ쳽Ҳߵ˵֣Ȼ˵ĻɾͲˣ
Ҿ͸һģ̫СҿûȤʮڰ˸ڵľͱˣ
᱾̫ɵıⲢҪô󣬿ھҪǮѹס
᱾̫ҲԼĶӷ᱾һ˵ˡ
ǸһԼӶĵǮǴӳٶǱ߲ġ
һˣھȻҪԼģ
ΪҪԼ׬һ㻨Ǯأֻ᱾̫ɸڸһˡ
᱾̫ɻǺݰʮڰ˸ھȻģ
ҿҲǿ׼ֵһûǮɣ
ҿ˵һ᱾һɶĵʽǸأ
һƺЩˣȼȱǮʱôܸðգһóôǮأ
ǰ÷˹᱾̫ɹϵǱأ˾Ǯ治֪СôİѲμò
µһĺ棬ʵǲΪʲôӣ
ע˿ɲڣЩ˭עķչ
˵Ҷ֪ģ
ܴܲǸ⣬ڿߴţ˵鶼ˣ˾Щ
ԼԼƣԴȶĵģ  ڳľ棬ܶ˶Ƿǳڴ  Ҫ鵽Ǹʲô  θڻͦģ׿ŷ᱾̫Цһ
һԵķ᱾һɳСӣ㻹ΪӮҼھţˣߣǵСǮҲҴƵǮѣҸ׶ģʸ𣿡
°ܽѣ᱾̫ɣӻͦ󰡣׿ŷ᱾̫ɳ˵
᱾̫һˣƤʲô˼ʱ䣿ǺǣҿҶĵɣ
Ȼ᱾̫ô˵ҽҪǲĵʲôеⲻȥɣҶǷ᱾ͦȤģҪȻǶһķ᱾Σ
׵ĻһýԾ
ķ᱾ǻΪԼˣҪ֪᱾ʲǿǴﵽ֮ް
ҵķ᱾ںһ񾭲˵
᱾̫ɺûһϲһﻹ޼ް
ȻԼǰԲѵ˵Ҫķ᱾
᱾ʲôǿǿǰʮĳҵ
һʲôԼģֱǻȡ裡  ᱾̫ǲҶˣײм˵
ߣʲôҶģֱǲλȻȡ֣ҿҲûбҪڸˣʵʧԭΪ׻ֻˣˣƤӣû뵽ΪӾȻҪˡ
᱾̫΢΢ҡͷʱȻЩˣ
һʱ䣬֮Ҳ۷׷ף  ˭Ҳ֪Ϊʲô׻úõ˵һ˵¼ǿƺֲ˵ģ
ѲһвΪûĻӦǲ˵Ļġ




1558º¥ݼ
 

۽磬Ǵ۽簡׻ǲҪ˼㡭
ְҪ˵СǸɵӵĻɵҲӮ˷᱾һôǮɣ
ǰһﾹȻԲѵ˵Ҫ᱾ֱǿ֪
˭˵أ᱾ǿȫһ˾ʲôİ
ºܶ׵ĻҲǸоһıһʵ̫Ҫˣ  ᱾ʲô  ˵һ᱾Եֵ׻Ƶı˾ܶһЩ  ο᱾̫ɻǹЭĻ᳤ֱǻ֮
ʩ͵¿׳ȻҺܿЩ鲢⿪ЦģҪ֪ʲôǵ棬˵Ҫεģ
ʩ͵һ˵ĵȷǹһȻ׻ˣ˵ȻԷ᱾̫ɻ᳤ֱǹҲ磡ҽֱӰȥˡ
һ᱾̫ɵ֧վ˳˲Ǳˣ֮ǰȫĸףɽ
ɽȥ֮˵飬ô
ʵҲǱֺһ·᱾ˡ
ڿ᱾̫ɱķʽЦ䣬Ϊ᱾׻ƹ˾ܣʱôܲ᱾̫˵أ
˵ֲøǮˣ
бۿ˿ɽ΢΢һЦҼȻ˵ˣȻҪĵģ
᱾ģʱ֪᱾ֵ𣿾ƾ裿ǰȫҲֲ˼ұɽһǡ
ɽȻû뵽һﵽʱ˵Ӳ  Ȼ֪׳Ǯ˵ĶԶûм
ûʲôоΪǱӮޱȵģֻɵӻ˼ֶڹ
ֶûʱ᱾̫ɶģǼֱЦ  ֶ⣬Ҳ֪᱾̫ղȥĵģֶҪһ²̨  Цһ᱾ֵ٣һ治֪
˵㣬Ҹ᱾Ŀǰֵǧ𣡣ɽ·˵ԼҵĹ˾һ㣡
ֵ⾢˿ŶоһĲˬ  ʩ͵¿΢΢һ̾᱾ȷҵڵͷҵǵֵȻ߹ˣĿǰֵ۸񡣡
ʩ͵Ȼϲ᱾ɲò˵᱾ĵȷǷǳǿ߶˵Ͷ˵ĲƷһֱǳĳ
ߣɱһ᱾̫ҲЦһ
ǧǰɣҶˣ᱾̫֪ûȤ°׵ȻһЦ
˿̵ķ᱾̫Ҳǽĵ֮ǰıŭΪһ˵ܽܡ
룬ⲻһ̼Լһֶζѣ
᱾̫ɱϾǼˣܿ͵Լ̬˿ָֻ֮ǰЦݿ䣡  ҶģOK㲻ļҶİɣ
᱾̫ĿףһҲòôǮġ
ʱǳţһɭ˾Ǳ߾ԲܻѼ˾Ĵ
ɭϰ÷˹Ц滢ôȻᣬοҲԴ绰ȥȷϹġ
һòôǮƾʲôԼȥأ  ֱЦеЦ
㣬᱾̫ɸоԼ̨ڿ׾ǿСһ㣡
ǧ𣿺Ǻǣ뿴һһòӰ
⻹˵ҿǿˣΪõóôǮ
Щ׻ΪԼЩСھʵǰ
ǵģһΪԼ˲ʵ֪ԼǸЦ
ΧΧ۵˿׵ӣһҲӿһĨ֮ɫ  Ͼ˭Ҳϲţˣ᱾̫ǵлľһǳʵˣ
״ˣǻ׼һҪʼ̳ɣʮҾ͵Ǵ򷢽лˣ
᱾һҲΪĿ׵ڵһһļ  ǰ᱾̫׻ƾûܹõóôǮˣСҼûмžҪŻŻ㡭
ɽҲǳڶһҲǳ˳ӡ
᱾̫΢΢һЦȻҪҶģҪóӦĶʨӿԲãҪʨӣҲ̫ˣ
Ȱ㻹ǸϽСӹȥһҪǺȥĻʱɱǶСӲɽ
Ƕǲ˼Ұ첻Цһ
㡭úúãҵҪǵӲʲôʱ򡭡
ɽ׵ı̬ȸŭˣͲȻ³ɺһˡ
ǰɣ
ʱһŮಽĳ׵ķ˹ֽݼȥǳ次
׿Ů˵ЩסˣΪŮȻһλߣ  һߣ¥ĸˣʲô  ¥ǲ򵥰
˿̵׵ûйЩҲãҲգжһģ
Ůǣ׿ݼҲľߵ٩Цŵ
¥ݼݼŮһ
ݼǸ֪ݼСʲô飿΢΢һЦ
ʲôֻҪȥȻˣҲһߵİ취ݼ¶һ˿ǳЦ
Ů̫ʰɣƺûΥǵĹ涨ɣ׿ݼһۣ  ΪģֻҲ̫ϲ㣬ΪҲ̫ϲţˣղŵѾˣҪ£ܹóһЩĶڶ׻˵
ݼĨһ˿ĺ⣬ȻɱⲻŨҲǱ׾۵ף
һߣȻܹ׽飬ʵЩ벻ͨ




1559¡족ף
 

ݼ
Ա֮һݼֲһŶѣ
׻Ϊ֮ܲһȻҲвٵĸݵصģ¥Ĳҵ֮һ
Ͼ֮ҲиŵĵطɣҲǽЩͷһ飬Ǳڹˡ
һιЭٰ̳Ҳٿ
ΪģΪЩ֮кܶ඼֮ˣ᱾̫ɣԼǸߣ  ݼԭ֣ϾҲһߣֻǵǱҪ᱾̫ɲʱҲЩ֣  һֳϰ᱾̫ɲ׽ʵΪǿͬҲһλߣ  ײһͨͨķ˶ѣһ֮ǰѾҹ᱾̫ɵĶӷ᱾һɵ鷳ˣ  һݼڣǺļƵҲˣ
ڿһһǳˣ
ܹμˣ֮⣬ʵ϶һƬ൱ĸġ
ǵְҲΪ˱׻ƵȻҲϣ˶׻Ƶˣ  ڵݼ;ڶ׻˵÷ǳƣ  һﴵţ͸ҪǮһģʲôţҴȻԼ߶ˡ
֪Ƕôܴľ氡
ݼСӦ׻˰ɣ׿ݼ΢΢һЦɫʼƵᣡ
һ㣬ݼʵҲ൱ȻͬǴţ˼ţǽһŰ
ԼߣҪԼиʯ¶죡
ԣĳЩʱݼ滹Щء
ҵȻ׻ˣΪ׻ˣҲſӣȻ˵ǿͣҪ˵ǾͲˡ
˿̣ܶ˵ĿⶼǶݼ᱾̫ɵһЩȴ˲һĶ
һ壡
壡  ֮ʱ֣Ǹף˵ڱԼˣ
Ϊһ˷᱾ˣԲʱʱ̵̿ػ׵ģͬлɵӣ
ܹ»СС»˵ĻҲǱסˣ  ֻڵݼ治ôģǾЩˡ
ݼҲҪһ˵ѵǰҪ֤
ڸ᱾̫ɶģƺݼСûκεĹϵɣѲݼСҲҪҶһģĻ㣡
׿˿ĶǼƷݼҲǺٺһЦ
һЦԵЩˣ  ݼһ׵ҲǰһͽӣȻŭһǾƲԳԷˣ
ݼС㣬˵ûиɹʲôΥ涨飬ݼСҲȤ¶һĵĻҲ˵ˣ㣡
׸ûκεĽ֮ɫϷһŮУ
᱾̫ɿ⡰ӣҲֳһ˿Ц
ʲô˵
ݼδȻװһǳϳӣľҪĥġ
׳΢΢һЦȻݼС˵ҾͲˣܹ֤Ҹ᱾̫һ֮Ļһ¾ˡ
㡭˵ʲô
ݼɫڵһºһ£å˵óڰ
һ˵ˣҵô˵˵˳  վݼԱߵĵӽüһ׼֣ݼǱһЩǣѹǸ˵ʦ磬׽磬Ī嶯
ʦãһﾹȻҵҵϷ㣬Ҳ˺һ죡ݼʦ磬ҲһλߣȥǸģ
ãҴӦ㣡
ݼף˪Ȼһ׽СӸϷˣ  һֳ裬ͷβĳ谡  ݼ˿лðɣ޲ôǰ۵ļһӾһﲻõó֤Լʵ
Ͼ׻ƵĹ˽ģ׻Ƽûпó᱾Ტ۵ʱ  ѹʮֵں˵  ׹һЦãݼСȻˬ죬ϣݼС㵽ʱɲҪˬԼŶ
İɣݼ˵ҪأݼҲŭһ
ˣݼСôˣĳ˾Թԣ׵Ҳǹĺܡ
һԣݼһ
׺ܿӻһޣ
ãھͿô֤ʵҸӵʱ䣬Ҫ֤ˣǿɾͲҪҲˣ
ݼ˿ŭգѾ˱ıԵѾʼһôȥĥһˣ  һNɪӣĺ޲ðǸЦޣ  ͳһпȻ˰ڵҵп֤ܿ˰ɣ
᳡Ĭ֮󣬺ȻŷһȻЦ




1560²ѯ
 

һǸɵȱɣһп˵Լǧ𣿡
˵ʵⱲӿţһˣģûеڶˣ
ҪȥƷ᱾̫ɵĻжʮпأ
ʵЦĶ۰ǧ˵˭п氡һǲⰡ
һѾЦˣΪĻ׺͹ӻһԵİã  û뵽ǰ׻ʵͽģھȻѧϷ˼Ůˡ
ȻҲ֪ӮɿӣǾúЦ
һеǮ˭֪жǮأ  ǸϻױƷ׬ǮٶȼֱӡҪѸٰ
᱾̫ɿףŭһǵ𣿡
ݼҲЦһ㲻һĽɱҲˣ
˵ݼС㣬Ҷпóˣ֤ҵĳѲôֽķɱɣ
Ҳ¶һݣݼüͷһЩϷζ棡
Сӣ
ݼԱߣʦƽŭһҲϲݼģֻûб׶ѣ
Ͼݼ츳ʵʵҪ߳һģ
һڵϷԼʦãǿ벻̰
ݼʾƽͣ£Ȼʱ仹һְӣ㻹รɡ
ݼСҲûа취ˣûУô֤أʼ
ߣԭôģûǾûа취֪㿨ţȥҰѲҹ
ݼף¶һ˿Цڿһﵽ׻ʲôҪ˵
᱾̫ɿݼݼС㣬ҾøûбҪ߸ϻˣֱϳȥιҿһѡ񡭡
᱾̫ɣҿ㵹һϹҪȻϳȥˣ׵˵
㡭
᱾̫Ҫ֣ȴֲҶָ֣оʵ̫ˣ  ׿ŷ᱾̫ɵӣЦһʲôߣҲҪ᱾ŵģ
һףСӲ
СӺˣȻҲˣ᱾һҵ
ݼˣСӼֱ첻µز°ͷȻôſ  ʷԼǱȲˣ
ܿ죬ԱPOSѾߣPOSܹȴܹڣ
ΪڣҪܼģȻضһЩпҲǿת˵ģ  пĴó˵ɣ
һǹͨÿָıֶǿԴ洢ģҲʱȥһúܣ
˭ǳVIPͻأҲûжܹܵõ
ת˸ƣ  СҲһ˵ĿжǮݼŲС
СһȻӹ׵Ŀ
ܿһѾ׼ϣСİȷϼ֮ҲǶPOSϿ˹ȥ  ǵʮ֮POSȴʾɲѯ  ϰ壬ѯСʼ翴ݼ
ʲôѯôܲѯأһûʲôԭ򣿡ݼԼŭʵ
鲻ֿԣһ˺ıܳ򣬵ڶǽ˲ѯơ
Сרҵ֪ʶǱȽϵǿģһӾͻصݼ⣡  ׿ݼ΢΢һЦݼС㣬˰ɣѯˣܹ֤һҵʵ˰ɣ
СҲѯǶǮ𲽣ݼһۣȻתͷʵ
ÿжһֽеĿ֮ǰʮڣ֪һڵģ
СݼҲʵĻش
һôǮ
ݼҲһԭΪһǸҡײƭļһ
û뵽һϾȻеǮģԼСһ  ںǧűʵģ
һĿϾԲôǮֻҪǧֱӾͷˣ
ҲûдŪһϾݼһɱ֮ˣ
Աߵʦƽóݼ  ҪΪһ仰ɱһˣҲ̫Υˣ
ûа취֤ſ浽жǮݼ
֢ͼ׵ſϣǸݼģǸ᱾̫ɶģ  տĲûʵ
Ȼˣ᱾̫ɶģҪɭ˾̬ȣ  Сݼʵܼ򵥣ֻҪͬĻֱӲеĿͷߣVIPˣ˹̨VIPרֱͨӵԵģ
һ绰ˣݼС
ǵģһ绰Ը㶨ˣСݺݵĵͷʵҲǵһҲǷǳȤ
ǶǮȻ޲鲻̫ˣ




1561ֱ±ƵС
 

ݼףһ˿ζЦݣ
һССķ˽СӣȻҵϷԼȴԼʶԼݵʱ򣬿ŵö֨ˣ  ȻݼŲС֪Լʵݵģ  ݼС㣬ҿǸϽİɣٹһ̳ᶼҪĻˣǻҪҪأ
᱾̫ɲԸľŵԼиҪҪ
СѾǼˣ϶Ҫʰġ
ݼˣȻҲ֪һʱᶯСӣԵЩȻζ
СҲܶĹԼģڶһʱɣ
ݼŷ᱾̫һϲߣ޲նɱһ  ϾսһֶμΪĲ̣  ʦڶߵϵģֻЩ˹ʱ˶ѣ
ݼЦһû˽֮ǰỹ΢һȰɣС
ϰ壬˵
СֻǸͨˣȻķǳ⣬ϰ巢ˣҲҶ˵ʲô
ݼղŲ˵һ绰͸㶨Դ绰𣿡
Եģϰ壡Ҫһ֤ź룬ҪȻĻҲûʸѯġ
СҲ˵ʵϾ֪һžͿ֪˿Ϣġ
Ļ
ݼʱһ¾ˣĵ绰򣬰Ҵ򿪣
򿪣⡭ĸ˽
СһϰĻҲʶ˵ϾԱһ㶼ǺϽġ
ݼ˿׳İɣ
ΪʲôûҾС˵ĺܶҵĸ˽ȻҶģȻ㿴˵Ǿˡ
׿ݼ˿ÿһ仰ƺݼŸɣݼһƣ
򣡣
ݼɫҪѿжѿһλ߾Ȼһ˱Ƶ˵ľ磬ҲǺİɣ  ˿̵ף޵ģ
СֱӲͨ˽еĿͷߣһʾֱ֮ӵ˹̨
VIP˹Ժܿ˽˵绰ȥ쳣
𾴵Ľйã0222ſͷܸΪʲô԰ﵽ𣿡˹λŮԼ׼ְҵʵ
ǡǸѯһ˻СЩŵ˵
Եģ˺ż֤ţǱߵһε
С˿ףֱӽԼ֤ݸС  ܿ˺ź֤ŶѾϣСһ¾żʱһγλ˹Աλ룬ż
С˿ùֻ룬ȻһεݸС
Сͷ˻Ƕ٣

ͷЩƺЩǰʵȻԥһ£  Сã𣿡СЩơ
ڵڵģڵǧİٶʮڰǧİʮǧһʮԪԡԺǽԶŵʽһθ֪
绰ͷ˵Ȼһ˿֮ɫȻǱ⾪˵ָŵˡ
ڣ
ͷѾŵı˲֨ˣ  СɫһһףоԼĶҪQˣ  ̫ˣ  ǧİٶʮڣǺļǧͷÿԺԲˣ
ʵ̫ǮˣⱲӶûмһ˵Ŀ澹ȻôǮʵ̫ˣ
Сڳ׵ľˣʵſǵʱHKйǮ
ֻǰǮתˣҲΪˣԵһſǮʵǶൽըˣ
Ҳҿһ˷᱾̫ɣܹܶǮˡ
ҪôǮϸʲôʱԼҲҪ뿪ߣҲһ˰ˣ
һ뵽ߣҲ¶һ˿Цⶫ̫Щʱǲ̫ע⣡
С㷢ʲô㶰ѯ𣿡
ݼСŸ绰ǿȥСӦѾǴ绰ˡ
ֻСʵЩ̫ˣݼҲЩɻʡ
ϰ壬˵ʲô
СƺЩ֪ĸоҲԼϰںԼһ
Сƽʱͦصһô°Сӵ˵ҲŻһ°
ݼϴһ˿֮ɫһǮҲǼ˲
ǧֱ˲Ľడ׻ƵĻңǾ൱һڰʲô
ݼǮ˵ûκεô׽ϰҲ֪ôǮһͨ˵Ƕôţˣ
ϡϰ壬ǡǸܲܽһ˵࡭
С˵⻰ĺȴһ๾ȻҲ֪ղϰĶģһϰ˰
С˵ҲݼԱҲðԼϰһ°ɣ
ܲݼ̫˰ɣ




1562߷߽ӵݼ
 

֮Уܶ˵жģ  ʵͰõڣҪ֪׵ĿϵжٵǮ
ӸղǸСУѾǲ²־Ǿ˵ˡ
ֻǵжôľˣö֪
˶ǽĿСһֻڱڶ
ЩڵȴſЦЩڵȴſ֣ôҶڵȴһĳ֡
ǵ˹ؼʱ̣СȻݼԱȥˣ
᱾̫ɺͷ᱾һɻ࿴˿һԵɽҲüͷʲôⰡصģ
ǣʲô˲ģСҲûм棬ƼھܹɵˣȫһҲǳ
᱾̫ɳƵĵͷܾ鲻ô򵥣  һԲĶݼķ˹ȥ˿ѾȫעǱߵĶ
ֻҪĻϻǿõġ
ֻղԳݣ׵ĿԲжǮģҲȥˡ
СӣǼ˷᱾̫ĵһ˿ǣ  ⣡  ݼɫ࣬Сʲôܵ˵ҪܣҪ˵Ǹһﶪ˲źã
ǵϰ塭С˵
ʲôǲǵİûֱӸ˵ˣݼ
Сһݼϰ壬Ŀ澹ȻС
СĻû˵ֻ꣬һ𣬶ʾ  һǽзֻСֱӼϰ壬Լɣ̫ˣ
ݼһֱùֻ˿һֵʱҲüͷֱ壡
׹˼ӣݼ˹  ǧڣЩͷͲˣ  Ҳ̫˼ˣ˶оһתԼȻˣ  һ߾Ȼһˣǵô˵ˣ
ʵ̫ˣ
⡭ôܣʲôİôܻڣ
ݼɫҰףһ뵽ղŵĶԼɫڵһֺȥЩֵĺܣ  СҲһϰ壬˵ʵ̫ˣ͸ղǸ˹˶ŻˣоЩ˵ˡڰǿеҲûôǮɣ
쵰Ȼˣң
ݼ˫ֲסĲںӮһԼĵľȻһ
ߣȻҪ͸һһ£  裬ܴ谡
ݼں޲ýȥɱһܣ
Ҳ˵ģʵϾǱ׻׽ģôܸɱˣ  һ֪Ļߵĵλпܰᣡ
˿̣ǽݼһٸӣҲôģ
ô飿ѲҪ˵棬һһڣ  һ뵽ߣоһȣ  Ҫֶ֪ûбһµˣ飬ԺôȥǸһ
׽վбģ氮ָʵҲЩײģ  ݼ񲻶ϵ˸ţСϰǾӣҲЩ΢΢ʵϰ壬ǡô죿
ô죿裡ˣǱǸһʲôİ
ݼ˵ֱ꣬ͦͦĳ˹ȥֻЩֱȥоôıŤ
׿ݼˣ΢΢һЦݼС㣬Ӧó˰ɣӮˣӮˣ
㡭쵰ݼŭһȻӮˣ
˿̣һ߷߽ӵĸоһֳ裬ȴһ˿ĸо
ʲôӮ˰ӮӮ׹һЦ˶һľ  ʲôһӮˣҲ˵һĿôǮ
ҵ찡Բܵ飬һôôǮذѧ
˲ǳ˫ɵĻҸо̫ܣ
ҾҲܣŷ᱾̫ɿ϶ҲԲܰɣʵ̫˰
Ǹӣ˵пܰڵЩ֪˵˭ˣ
µǰ˿ָָ㣬ϼƽʱ̫͵׳ʵ̫ᣡ  ⵼˺ܶ˸ûطȥ룡
Ҳû˲µ׾ϼŵĶ³֪׵ݵĻҲˡ
᱾̫ɿ׺ݼҲǿһ£  ݼԲܸһһ·ģ᱾̫֪ģΪݼߣһֻǸͨˡ
һﾹȻҵڵϷһλߣҪôǲ֪ҪôԼ̫ˡ
Է᱾̫֪ݼĻģ  ֻһﾹȻôǮ᱾̫ɵ֮ɫ
ںҲǸоһĿɬΪоԼƺ˱趨õһ棡
ݼС㣬ӦǵŵԵʱ˰ɣ
һ۵ʱһһǷЦݣݼЦ˹  ݼ߹ӣŵֱˣ
һߣһ׽ųҲǹ˵ˡ




1563¸һࣣ
 

ݼѾ֪Լɫ˶ٴˣ
һ˵ϷʵǸоˣǵô˵Ĳܹʲô
Ըķ䣿  ݼ֪һԼôˣԺһЦˣ
Ҳ̸磬飬ʱԼҲǷǳĶˣ  ᱾̫ɵԹۣľ쳣Σ
֪ʲôط˵˭ΪʲôôǮΪʲôֳط  ˿̷᱾̫һɽҲɫɷף  ܶ˶ǿ֣ɸȴҪ֪ǸЩ޺굽˭
ʲôͷأ
㡭㲻Ҫôߣ
ݼһɣƺϣԼһεĶԼ
һԵƽݼʦİɣŪ֪ߵغСӣ
׿˿ƽһ¥˶Ĵ·Ļֻ˵һźˡ˴ǿȱ˸ʲôԼҲݼС׿ӦУǱвȵİɣ
СӣҲôҷȰ㻹ʶһ㣡ƽŭѡ
ݼףĬ
ϣԼ׳׵ķһƺûκη˼  ȷҪôݼףгһĺ⣡
ݼС㻹ԸķĵȻݼС䲻Եûľֺˡ
ҲЦЦСﵹҲǷǳĺ棡
ҪԼЦҪˣʲô¶ռ˵ĵأ  㡭ݼɫһ䣬һƽԼĵĲΣ˰֮ݼһεĳݼҲ䲻ˣȻˣȻŵԣɡ
ôĳһĸоݼӪҲǾˣ  ƽݼô˵оԼӶЩ΢΢·ʲôİĶ˸һ㣡  ıͿյĸоһȵҪʧȥǣ  ݼƽӣʦ磬ݼȻᱻôһС˿ģȻϣ
Ȼô˵ɿݼҧгݵӣ˻Ǹо״϶Ҫùˣ  ƽ˵ͨݼת׵СӣֻҪʦһ£ҾԲ߳ţ
вң׿ƽ΢΢һЦ֮ǰûдôֻҪһĽѵ˻ǲ̫ϲвңȻһٶв£ǿɹֲˡ
˵꣬׳ݼķⲽȥ˵ĿⶼǼ׵ϣ  ֲ´  ȻǶ֪¥һЩ֪¥ı
ǰһֱһСС׽֮ˣȻ֮ˡ
֪η  仰ƺǸһ㣡
᱾̫ɿôӣҲ͸һӵζ  СҪԼˮ⻨ӣ÷᱾̫ĿЦѣ
ֱǹҧһ㣡  һ
ÿһǰŲݼľѹһʯһҲǽıü
׾ݼһ֮ңʱݼҲܲǳĿ⣬һ̱۾  ԭĴ۾˿ֻܹǽë΢΢Ĳ  ׿Ըоóݼԭɷ״̬Щֱˣߣ黹һģ
˵ǸŮˣ׿ݼӣЩ̫˺
˿̵ݼһƷһ㣬ʤգ  ߳Ľëȵ촽ļͦı
һ̿ҲЩ˱˴֮ƺܹܵõֳƵĺ
ݼ֮ԥ˿ѾԼڲϵţ
ɱһ  ľϵںԼһԼǣһҪɱǰһ  ۾ΪһͣԼĸǰһӵʱ䣬û
Ҫһ裬һվԼĶĵһ㣡  10֣8֡5֡
˵촽ԽԽƽ޲ô˿ֱӰγԼķһһ  סˣ׵ӣоһ裡  ԼİŮ˾ȻˣԼʲôã
1֣  ׵촽ݼ촽һֵʱ˼ܹܵ˶Է¶ȣ
࣡
ھݼ촽һֳķһ
һ̣ҲͣǱߣնݼһ
ݼ۾ѾǽԼ˻ȥ
ˣ
׳ݼ΢΢һЦֻЦݼһƣ
ݼͷȻһûԽ׳أôأ
ݼ˵Ѿ˺
У
˷һоЩȻζ
ȴҲνЦЦܿһԵķ᱾̫ȻݼСѾȷҵʵ᱾̫ľֿԿʼ˰ɣ
״ˣҡҿ˰ɣ᱾һʿˮ
ڸо̫ˣ쵽Ѿʧȥ˵ֿģΪÿһζԱ񣡣  ᱾̫ɿףѾĨɱ⣬ЦãҵҪǲܷ졭




1564˵
 

᱾̫ɵ˼ѾˣһҪȡ쳽Ĺܶϵͳ
ģǶǹѣ
ֻû뵽ԭһ۵ĳṫ˾Ȼô۶ӳ
ǰֵӣƺ񲢲ۣ
ɾôһ۵ˣѾǰ̳췭ظ  Ǻ¥λһγֵŮϰ壬ӵ鱳ŮˣҲǵһĶԼ֮£
ӲͷƤϣ
ڷ᱾̫ɵʵ״ʵҲǸоһ˿˿Ĳ  ʲô취أѾǷչزòϰ  ҪԼϵĻǶĿ᱾棡  ᱾̫ɾԲ鷢кɲѾȫ׼
ˣնɱСΣ  ӮڲǷ᱾̫ɿǵ飬ӮˣȻǸã  һҪˣҲ˵ڶӦԵķ
ԣô̵ӦԼʵѾЧˡ
Ľ᱾̫ȻģӹԼɹȥ쳽˾ǰ˵ôˣ
׿ŷ᱾̫ɵӣЦŵտƾʩ͵ǹЭĸ᳤ҪȻһݺͬ
ͬҷ᱾̫˵ĻǾǰ϶飡᱾̫ɿɲԸǩʲôʲӵĺͬ
ʩ͵¿Ц˼һɷģ᱾̫˲ŵԵĻԺҲΪЦ
ǺãȻ˵ĻҲͲǿˣһ
᱾̫Цһߣһ֪ûʵҶأӦùһĶע˰ɣ
ҵĶעĺˣԹƽС
׿ǸС΢΢һЦ˵Ʋ¶ףȴں  ڻ˭ҹԼǮզΣǲܵ飡  ˲ҵ飬ȴĺѹ  ֮ǰ˵˲ֻǵϷһݼѣʵ᱾̫ԼŰĻһкηأ
֡ң
СףԭΪײṫŵֵģڿȥô£  ݼһ׺СҲֱţ  Ȼղû۸Լȴ۸ԼҪܡ
Ů˵˼Ǻ룬ݼĻͺۡ
ûУݼȻ˼Ѱ˼һǾԼզΣ  ԼôһεεĴŮվǱߣȻˣ  ڻеⲻ˵ָо  ׿СȻ᱾̫ңͰе˻ĶŸһ°ɡ
СһþԼ֪̫𶯣
飬ӦǴҶ֪֣
Сóֻݸ˷᱾̫ɵ᱾̫ǮҾͲ˵Լɣ˻ǳǧڵģӦǳ᱾ֵҲ˵Ӯ˵Ļ׬ģ
ҵĶûгɣǧڣ
Ҳǧڰ̫˰ɣ˭
֮ǰ᱾һɶǮʱһΪСӾǸأû뵽
ֲ̫ˣǿǧڰ˵ôˣһֻиǧҶţ
Сس֣һȦˣ  ʵ̫ˣ  һڣǼֱ׹ĸо  ΪѾǳԽļˣ
᱾̫ɺͷ᱾һɵ˵ӶˣȻ׼ǿһʵ̫Ŀˡ
⡭ôܣ׻ôǮˣ
ɽȫɵˣǸղſǸСϵֻʱ򣬸оһı
᱾һҲʿˮ⡭һôôǮҲû˵һﰡ
ߣ˭Ƿ᱾嶼к³Ҳˡ᱾̫һĨ䡣
Ƿ᱾壬һҪٲҲ̫ûˣ  ״ˣɭ˾ҲΪһССĳԼĹ˾صģһ϶ˣɭ˾ûĻ⿨Ǯɾǵˡ
᱾һɵг̰  ׿ŷ᱾һЦһ14Сʱʱ䣬ϣǺ˰ɡ
ݼС㡭᱾̫ɿݼ΢΢һЦ
᱾̫£ݼŷ᱾̫ͬǳĲơ
һĿҿڻȷݼСϰɣҪͿǮɾҵˣڳô˿ɶ֤᱾̫ɿЦ
û⣡
ݼŷ᱾̫ɳֻǷ᱾̫ɲ֪˿̵ĺ÷˹ź¥ķϹأ




1565¸ˣ
 

̳ٿ  ᱾̫٩٩̸ĿֻһǾڶ̶쳽дѹ  һԲղѾ˵绰÷˹໹аСʱʱͻ¥  ߣܹܶӭж⣡
ھ᱾̫ſһᣬҪһﻹôſ  Сʱʱһζ  飡  Ĵű߿ˣ  ڷ᱾̫ĭӺɵʱԭӵ绰ķ᱾һɼҴҵ˽ҪǱжǱ  ᱾һɣʲô
᱾̫û뵽ԼĶӾȻԼʱԼ֪ǶôĹҲסˡ
ǿʩ͵µ˳ӣŭ
״ˣ⡭桭ˡ
᱾һŵЩ겻ĸоΪղ˺÷˹ˣ  ÷˹¥³ʱоһת
÷˹Ե޹ʵܵģѲľǸֵ˵һǹǸģ
Ȼ᱾һɲԸţʵͰǰݲŰ
Żŵĳʲôӣôˣ᱾̫ɿԼӾȻ˵Ļһ
ӣԺôӰ᱾
᱾һʿˮ÷˹ˡ
ˣ
᱾̫ɸоԼԴһѣΣ÷˹ˣôܣ
÷˹ĵĸԼ֤ǾԲòģھȻѾǳǰ
ֱǲܵ飡  ʵһβǺ÷˹ˣҲˣ  ĸϢһֵɣݼ˿Ҳǿ͸ˣ  ôܡ᱾̫ɵһĻңȻףվǷǳ˵һ鰡
Ҿ׸ˣµʱҲԱĸо
᱾̫ԭΪԼӮŻôϢɫĺܣ
һԵݼƽҲĿףһţˣ
һͨͨ׽֮ˣȻĵϷߣѾڶ޴ˣ
һţˣݼԼûмôţģ  ܿ죬𷢱ѾߣǰǸ󣬶ںǺ÷˹
÷˹ʱôҲû뵽³Ѿһִ˽
³ѾˣҲһ
÷˹ܲãǡ
᱾̫ಽĳź÷˹ķ˹ȥź÷˹ָָһԵĸʵ
÷˹ŷ᱾̵̫᱾̫λμŵĶ³
μţǿǱȷ᱾Ҫߵҵ  ⲢǷ᱾̫ɽŵĵطΪ᱾̫ɻ֪һ飬Ǿμŵıʹһĺ´̼֮һμ壡  μʵҲҪȷ᱾ʵҪǿϼ֣
ϰԵıϥ  ᱾̫ɿʶĹȻ³ӭĵ
÷˹кһ·᱾̫ɣ
᱾̫ɴкΪģΪڳ
ڸУκ˿ɶǱȲ׵Ҫ԰
ܶһĵǳŸ󼷳һ˿ЦݣΪҪ۵λĻ˼ҸĵλǱҪߵöġ
ȫǿҵĵμţǷ᱾ĳǿʵĳ˼ǰҲֻһʲѣ
³ּˣɣ
ʩ͵¿ŸҲ¶һ˿ֿЦݣȻ˼治࣬ҲǼģ
㲻ʲôˣҲʩ͵¸Ϥˣ  ʩ͵Ҫȥһ𡭡
ڰ֣ھܲһ㣬оôĲ׽  ˵ĿⶼǼ˸ϣ
ֻһ̣˵°Ͷˣ  Ϊ׵ķ˹ȥһ֮ǰǱɽӣô㣡  ֶþò˰
ô˵ҲǿԼ飡
ôƣЩ̲סˣˣûһ˿˿Ϣ
øһƣ  һμףһӯ
븥ּȣȴԵôĵȻյɵһɣҰ¸ˣ
ţģӣǵ˵۾һأ
һĿɿڴĿŸǴ˿̶׵ݸӵĺˣ
һﵽ˭
Ǹ᱾̫ɵĶԼЦԷǣ漴ȴóĵ˻ڸȫǮ֮һ㣡  ˿̣˶׵ԵǷǳĺ棬ѾһЩȲҪ֪ˡ




1566쳽鷳ˣ
 

÷˹ûżɭ˾ľ
Ӹ׵ĹϵƺѾ֪Ľ
ŷ᱾̫ɵӣܶ˶ǱͬĿ⿴һ
Ȼһﵽʱˣƺڱ˿ǲŵı֣  Ȼˣܶ˶֪᱾ǲĸԸľôټһҵóȥģ  ϷҪʼˣ  ܶѾĿˣǶź÷˹᱾̫ɣ
᱾̫ɵɫĻҲ˵ˣһǿҪľǹ̷쳽飬ϣλܹᶨ
һΪǾýĺϷʼ  쳽ƾҲ䣿
ΪһεĻҪʱ״˿̻վ
ղһֱ᱾̫˵Ҫһﵽ˵ʲô
ˣЩ˸ûκεĴʩҲֻܹӵս쳽ϣ쳽֪Ѷˣ
쳽ϼôǺţܹĵ
ףһô쳽˵˰
ǰأ쳽ǴҹͬԵ𣿡
Ѳһ쳽Ҳй֪˭
ҵѽһ֣˵᲻ϼŵˣ
ܶѾʼϼŵķȥˣƺҲֻϼŵ˲ܹ˵°ɣ  ᱾̫ɿ׳㵽˭
˭Ǻǣ˼ϼŵĶ³쳽ҲҵĲҵ۷ǳĲˬ
ɨһȦΧˣ˿̺ܶ˸оһֱ׽ڴζ棡
ղŵ˼ϼŶ³٩٩̸Ҫεķɱ˼ң
˼ҾվߣǷ᱾̫ɵҲסˣ
һϼŵĶ³ô᣿
ϼŵĶ³᱾̫ɻЩŵʵ
᱾̫ɣȻǲʣǿɾͲҪײˣӽʽ쳽гѾѡ˺Ķ󣬳
׳һ仰úܶ˶Ǻ亹ܣ  ֶ³Ҫͳʩ͵¿ףҲ׵ݣ˿ҲЩˡ
һǵıݱƣô쳽̻ˣ
ʵҲڹӲдѣΪ֪ʷǲ赲ġ
᱾һˣҲҪȡܶǵҪɱ쳽
Ϊ˭֪ķɱ쳽Ǹܵ飡
ֶΪǳ̫̫飬νĹЭĻ᳤ʲôҪǣȻһ·ӽ쿪ʼʽ쳽սԺԺǵĶϵͳͳһ쳽һŹܶأ
˿Ҳվ˳ԭΪ˵Ļѣ  ƣоԼ˵һһֽ
᱾̫ɵıӶˣо²˳û뵽ԼҪɱСӾȻϼŵĶ³
һȻֻǸˣǵλȴͬն
һԵݼƽ׵ݣԭҪ׸ɵʲô˿ҲҪⷽͷˡ
ֶ³ʵҲķ쳽ԼĻǻԸġ
ʩ͵Ҳʵʵ˵ʵǮ˭Ը׬أ
ʩ͵ǻ˵ЦǱķ޳ṩʹ𣿡
׷ʵһ仰ʵʩ͵ѣ  һҲǵͷϾа׳Եأ  ǡֶǸʩ͵»Щĵʵ
΢΢ҡͷʩ͵ˣȻҪ֪ǸôҾ˵һ£
ϴʩ͵Ҳǿףв֪һЩʲô
׶һµ쳽Ŀǰڹѡļ̽кڹҲѡʮҽкںķʽṩ쳽һŹܶϵͳ
ֶ˼ǣȻԸṩƷǰɣ
ʩ͵ҲǰһĻôһкܴĻ·ģ  Ȼ·ڱ˵УܱȱӲļǿɣ  ˼Ȼô̶ڣѹһĺ̵ľȨȶڹһ顭
׿Χ˶ڴĿ⿴Ҳͣ
ôһѾЩˡ
ḷ́Ҵ㽻ʩ͵ǹЭĸ᳤ҷģȻˣǰǱԸǺʩ͵ҿԸʮĿʱ䡭
׿ʩ͵΢΢һЦ  ʮ룿  ʩ͵жЩˣоԼɽ󣬴˿ĶͷҲ亹ֱð
ʱ䵽ʩ͵ѡ񡭡
ǿƵķʽԼĵСžţʼЩˣ
ֻҪʩ͵һͷ֮ǰ쳽νˣǱģ  ʩ͵ɫǺ죬ΧˣȻֿ˿׵ֶ죡
أ  쳽鷳һ̻ǽˣ  ʩ͵µЭĳͷǽڹͬʱƿ
ʵҪ֮ǰԼʵԼп˿Ļ˻зͷģ  ׼һĽЩķ߸ʳˣ  ʩ͵µͷͬ⣬Ҳ¶һ˿ʤЦݣź÷˹΢΢һЦ÷˹ֵˣ




1567޳ܵķ᱾̫
 

쳽ǳ׵Ľˣ
ں͹Ʊ֮Ѿ֣ʩ͵µͷͬһ̣Ѿתˣ
еŵģ¶εȥȡʣµļ
ܶϵͳҪȫѾ޷赲ʵˣ
ʱ˵ĿⶼǼں÷˹ϣ
ܶѾǿˣ⸥ͺ÷˹ĵƺѾԤʾŷ᱾̫ɵĶľˣĳ׵֣
÷˹̨ǰ˹ɭ޹˾Գֵ߳ȫȨ
ܶһʱҲը˹
ȻǶ֪ǳˣɵ÷˹ģ˻һ󼤶
ǿ᱾̫ɵˣ
ҿûô򵥣᱾ôĹ˾ΪһԼ˵ģ
ǰھͿ᱾̫ϹǲԼˣ
أϼ˭ҵǷ᱾Ļأʱ򻹲Ǳ˼쳽ˣ
µ˶ǿϼѾǳ׵Ŀס˾棡
ʱ᱾ûйܶϵͳⷽݣʱ򻹲·һ
ڲѣ
˵ʵ֮ǰܶΪ᱾̫ǹЭ᳤ԲŶмӵġ
λѾûκεˣҪ֪һʩ͵ƿţз׻Ƶ̶Ҫʩ͵ϼŵɫˡ
᱾̫νĻ᳤иûʲôأ
᱾̫һһԵɽ˵ߣ
᱾̫ƺһɣ׿ŷ᱾̫Цһ
ҵȻûǣֻǸ˵ҵķ᱾ѣҲû˵ʲôʱŵ԰ɣ
᱾̫ɴ˿ʾԼ޳ܵһ棡
ȷղŵĶԼֻ˵˶ķ᱾ѣȴû˵֮ʲôʱ򽻸
᱾̫ɵ˵Ȼ޳֮һʱỹûܹô
οϼһﻹǸԼһ·ģûиǩԼͬ
Ȼˣǩ˶Լֺͬͬϸ˵ҲûκεķЧӦġ
Ͼǣʵ̫ˣʵһ˵Ļ·᱾̫ɾͻҪ󵱳ˡ
ҪģûмôҪġ˵ˣһССķ᱾׻ûзҵĶҲܲˣ
ʮ㣡
׵ĻԵǷǳŶǿӲܶ˴˿̿׶оһ˸
һԵݼƽҲЩвһλߣһﻹǲ֪Լôİ
ݼһĸоΪһϿЩɵġ
ʵ˼Ƿǳŵ֣ڼλĸǰԱ
׽֮Уܹ˼ûа
᱾̫ɿ׵ӣҲһĨ֮ɫ
˿֮Ѿŭգ޲ý׸ʬβźá
֪طǲֵܹģϾĵ̣
Ȼĸֲһκε״·᱾̫ɵҪ뿪Ҳǲ̫ܵˡ
Ǻͽطνϳڵأĵطһܵ͵ʱԲߵġ
СӣϣΪԼ˵Ļ𣡣᱾̫Цһ
ǺǣвңµľǱвοһôҪأ׵ļ÷᱾̫Щʧȥǡ
˸·᱾һһԼĸףҲŭˣ
ð˾ˣжԼ˿ŶоİһԿŷ᱾̫Цһ
ҸμԹ޳ҪǷ᱾ȥ𣿡᱾̫ŭһ
ǰɣզΣ󵭵Ļһ䣬һһûаѷ᱾̫ɸǺ
㡭úúãǲҪжԼ𣿿԰᱾̫һ
Ӵǣ̫߳ҲЦЦϼһﻹܲ˴̼
ٺ٣ڶĹ֮ϣǩ᱾תЭΣ
᱾̫һתоȻ¶һ˿ײЦ⣡
Ӧ
ݼԭһֱڿ֣᱾̫ɵĻ֪϶թģ
ܵĶ׺ǳһһ˹͵뿪׻Ƶľأ
ʱǷ᱾̫ҪɳʲôĻʱ˶ֻܹĿţ
ݼС㣬˼ҷ᱾̫ôִҪĹ˾͸ңҪǾܾĻǲЩ̫ò׿ݼ΢΢һЦ
ʵҲ֪ŮҪԼһЩ飬ֻո˵ôأ
ֶ³Ȼˬ죬ǾһΪ
᱾̫ɿף˻һɣѾǴӦˡ
׿ŷ᱾̫ЦһʱǰѺͬ׼˾ˣ
ŷ᱾̫ɵȥıӰ׵ΧһΧ˺üӰ




1568Ƶݼ
 

¥
Ӱɢȥ
˿׵ΧȴΧżˣһݼ
ʵϣݼ֪᱾̫ɵĵϸ᱾嵱ս֮ɱ¾Ķ࣡
ݼڵžкܶ˲ݼ˵ļкܶ඼ǲһεĴս֮У
ԼĸҲһεսˣԼ֮У
ҲΪʲôոݼ᱾̫ɵʱûκεĺɫһԭ
ݼ˵޲ʳ⣬Ѫ
֪ԼΪһԱôġ
һʱΪ֮Ħʱο²ܹġ
ʵݼҲΪʹޣһΪһ׽ˣȻҵô˵ϷԼҵˣ
ǴϻǴϣݼҲϣһﵹùһ£
ɵù£ݼ֪ϼŵˣǸҪĶˡ
߼Ļ֮УϼŻͻص˵Ҫ
εĴʥҲἰϼţԵݼϼĸֵʱҲˡ
һŭʦƽҲĬ
Ǵǰ˻ܹյסģ
֡ס
ݼ̽סϾĿһȥİɣ
ݼС㣬㲻Ѿ˰ɣ׿ݼҲǹһֵ
㡭ݼɫһ䣬һԵƽЦһҪҪϼţͳղŵϷʦãҾܹ֮أ
ֶҲйŹ֡վһԳһԵĹҲ̵ͷ᱾̫ɸղŵЦʵЩ죬ҿıҹҹĹϽΧ֮ڣ⵽ʱҪǳʲôĻֶɵ˼
ҲǺݺݵĵͷǰףǸϹһͲʲôƲ磬ôɵľʹӦˣǵʱ϶ѷ᱾ģ
ʩ͵һҲǵͷǰֶ᱾̫ɵͷҲ˵ģĺôԲҪ᱾㣬һпиεĿģ
Цһİɣ᱾̫ɵô˵溰ҹȥڹȻɱƵģ
ʵܷ᱾̫Ҫʲô׵жô£
ҪɱˣܹɱԼʱⲻøԼһô
ʩ͵̵ֶ֪ĵɷ᱾̫СҲò
װڰֵû£κβҵģ
ߣ㶮ʲôΪ᱾̫ɾһôʹˣ
ݼŭ˰Ҳ֪ܹ˵ǰ¶Լݡ
Ͼʵ̫ףż
һҪܹȥĻʱ¥˿¶Ѳ˸ϵˡ
ĹǿǷǳϸģݼΪ¥ĸˣԲĿȥġ
һԵƽʦãһﾴƲԳԷƣҪҪȥֲֹܹ
׿˿ˣ΢΢һЦȶʩ͵ȳȥɡ
ֶ⡭ΪǵĿס
װڰֵû£ҸݼСеҪ˵һ¡
Ǻðɣ
Ҳ֪˼Щ鲻ҪԼ֪ƺҲЩ׵
ܿ죬¥Ĵ֮Ҳʣ׺ݼƽˣ
ҲǸŹȥˣϾҲûԼ¡
ݼСղŻлڿԸ˵˵˰ɣ׿ݼ΢΢һЦ
ʲôлҸףڰǰֻ·һ·ǹԹԵĴ׻ƾڣǻ㰲ȫһ·ȥҷ᱾̫ɣҿԸ㱣֤㲻Żģ
ݼĵ˵֪ⷲ˸֮ĲһǵһԽģ
ǮΣɷбûа취飡
ƽ׵ʦ˵ĲǲƽѾǶʴˣҪȥһͲأߣ
ȻƽǻǸһﲻܹ£
߲㻹صؽڽԱҪеıϼŵˣԲܹϼų¡
Ȼ֪ΪʲôͻȻһСС׽ҵȤҲòӰ
ҷҪȥأ׿ݼ΢΢һЦҪȻŮһȥ
ңһȥݼɴ۾ףһӲ֪Ӧôشˡ
ʦãӦƽҲסˣ
޳ܰ
һﻹǹ޳ܵģ
ݼƽ֪ôؾһԭΪĸ߲㻹˵һ仰ǾһϼŵҪİҪϧһд۵İ
οϼŵ·أҪݼûа취ؾ
ײ֪ʥһôһֵֻҪϷһλС椶ѣ
ɿݼӣҲˣһ֪һƺʲô֮




1569Яͬ
 

㡭ôʦһȥ
ƽףг˵֮ɫ
˵Щ㲻ˣ׿ݼ϶ǲͬ⣬ܸԼһȥģ
ûоܾһǸƢ𱬵ƽҲûоܾ
ԼΪʲôҪݼԼһȥе˼ˣ
ЦŵֻǸѣǿѡȥ
ҡҡ
ݼĿ˰죬ȴ֪ôؾף
һԵƽŭһ治֪浽ΪʲôҪȥһϲµСӡ
ңǺǣ⵹е˼ˣ
׺Ȼʥ鵱𣿿Ӧˣ
˾Բ˵ԼֻģҪı
ʥıӦǳڵʱ򣬱һԼ׽ĲҵѣǱˣ
ˣȻҪȥǾȥɣҲǴһݼû˵
ƽݼʦãҪȻҸȥȥȱΣ
ʦ֣Ȼҵʦ֣Ǻ¥˵ɣݼ
Ȼ˵㣡ƽɫһʦãЩ˵ʱԲĴģν㡭
ôˣҸνҼ˶Ǳ˸кģҸڻ֮УϿء
ݼһ˵ʱ鶼˾޴ı仯
ţ
׿ݼ̧ͷʵ˿̵ݼƺҲһ
׳ʵ鲻ҪʣôˣҸȥ
ʦãУƽǳִţݼҡͷ
ݼ˵ҸȥҸȥʦ㣬ϵǽܲ
ʦáƽЩҧгݣϣԼİŮˣݼǼᶨʱҲǸоһ
ŮͬУį˰׻Դ٩˵
㡭Ų˺ͣݼŭһ
ղǺ˵ҪǵİɣЩװɣǺǣ
Ƿ⣡
ڵı黹ЩǷĸоݼƽĲҶ֣
֯ȻȼǺܸߣȴܵܶŵӣ
һԼŵӵĻʱ˿綼֪ˡ
Լһ֯˭ҲҲ߲ϾǴĿɲԼǱŻǱˣ
ݼҲǲ˺׵ľٶΪϼŵˡ
һҪǱĸ߲֪ʱ˿ɲʲôԭ

׻֮ʣƽƺҲܲ׵Ȼ߹
أ
ݼֱסƽȻ΢΢ҡͷʾ⣬ȻҲŭգ
ҪסҪס
ԼĸĸҪԼصĸףΪԼŻĻһͱɳˣ
ƽŷŭ뿪ߣҪҪȱ
᱾ʵȻ֪ģһ׻ƾڣǵʱɾͲ˵ˡ
׵ԲܣԼʦõأҪˣ
ݼų˽ĸۿڣһ·ϳĬ
˸ۿڣݼѾǷ˷᱾һվһ棬ǵķ˹
֡ףĲڿһ£ҿɸ㣬һȥǺΣգ
ݼȻʹһﾭԵĵϷԼʱǳѵ
׿ݼ΢΢һЦǺǣи߸ӶţЩһûз
㡭Щ֪ġݼ׼е˵ҪȻɣ㡭ٵһȣǵ˸һȥвУ
ҪòҪʲô۶ӣʱ˭֪أ׵ԴԼǿʵ
˵ʵСӲأԼĻЩȥ
ҪǶֵĻ׿ɾûôθˣ
ݼŭһףôô񣿣ΪǺ𣿡
֪㲻Ǻңڰң´ҲзִģİŮ˵ˣҲһλôεεĴŮղǣ
׿ݼʼմһ˿֮ţ
һԵݼҲһʵЩ㲻ףһĵǴģ
˵Ѿ˵λˣԼѡˣǵ˰˱ӵùˣ
ݼоԼһǴ˳ҲˣھȻԼյأоԼǲ˼ˣ
ƫƫһϼŵģҪǻ˵ĻľͲôˣ
᱾һɿ׺ݼ˹¶һ˿Цݣ




1570¶ı
 

ĳڣ
˿̣᱾̫Ѿ֮ǰôţǹԹԵվһԣ
ʿӣȥһɫ
᱾̫ɣ峤𣿡
˵ֽ᱾գǷ᱾һ׻Ƶ쵼ߡ
᱾׵λãֱˣ
᱾̫ԵõλͷǳĵˣʵǷ᱾׽һ˶ѣ
᱾һΪ쳽ĹܶϵͳȻ˶λ֣ҲǷǳĺģ
һεĳҲǷ᱾ı⣡
ϣ̫ʵЩ̫ףΪʲôһҪϼŵĹܶϵͳأ
᱾̫ɴ˿ЩƵĿŷ᱾գʵǼ˼ǲ
ǼٸԤ׽飬һεȷЩ֣
Ȼ˵׽ĲҵһЩãɶڷ᱾δչܹκξԵã
һμ徹Ȼɳôĸǰ᱾ĵڶ֣Ϸ᱾նˣֱǲ˼鰡
᱾տŷ᱾̫ɳߣȻҪ֪ҸҲ޷ǶνĹܶϵͳûκεȤһҪˮˡ
ţ
᱾̫ˮˣʲô˼
᱾պٺһЦǷ᱾ȻǸ׻ƵЩȣʵʲô
׻Ƶ߶𣿡᱾̫ɴС˼᱾ô˵Ҳסˡ
Ҳô˵ɣ׻һ䣬Ҳձֻ׻ƽĲһ̫幬ڽơ
᱾ն׻Ҳ˽ֻ̫ܶ࣬幬Ҳûô
ǶϣϼŻ˵쳽˾һ׽ҵѡ᱾̫ɵʼմһ˿ɻ
׽һҵǵõ˿ɿϢ׻鶼ѾӵϼţûһĹŹ֣᱾Цһ
Ź֣ЩŹ֣ǸϼŵĶ³ᣬȴܹΪ˴һ˾Ķ³ֱ˼鰡
᱾̫ʵѾⷽɻˣܾһ׽ҵûбҪӰɣ
峤˰ɣ᱾նſ
ʱһӳ˵ĸǰվߣȻϳһ
˲ǱˣǶ峤죡
֮ǰɽɣһ㱻նɱҿһܵĹ죡
һζҲʧأλ龳ĳϱնɱǴǱӴˣ
ҪȻĻԼҲûκεĿվˣ
᱾ϣǻŵԵİ쿴ŷ᱾ճ
峤ı峤˶֪Ӧôܾˣ᱾ҲЦ
˿̣˵ĿⶼǼ˶ϣ
𣿡еĳŷ᱾յλ˹ȥʲõ
᱾ҲϾݰأ
˼׻Ĵе峤λ֪ҪԼߵȥأ
ʵ˼ҲԼҪ߳һأ
峤ڰ죬ܵøһɰɣ᱾ճҪ֪׻ƶ֣ʱ߿¶ûôװ
ȻҪ֪ҲͲˣ׻ƵҪϼţҪľǶϼ֣
׻ĴеĶ峤ôʵЩ޷⣬׽ˣֵôĴ𣿡
᱾տŶʵʵһʼ;ЩԾ
ȻҲҪ᱾̫ɽһ£ԼҲ벻ͨˡ
Ըղö˵ڿҲֻжܹĳˡ
ȻʵǿȴǺܶŵĻ壬ҪľЩţҪһɣһʥ̨ɣǶʣɻǾͺˣ
ʵⲻǵһѣ
Ĵ綫ڵڵһŵλѾЩϦĸо
ǸѾľ̫幬ǳУΨһĿ˾̫幬
ܶǴڹĽ׶ΣҪһᣡ
ǣһǲ̫׶峤˼᱾տŶ΢΢̾һ
¶һ˿Ĳм
ŷ᱾дһ˿ҪԾ̫幬նɱŵĳԱô˵㶮νȡʲôģһӶѣЩ˵һʯֵ




1571ŵķ᱾
 

֮ϣ
ʱߣҪ֪ĻҲһ
ѹҲûȤȥɨΧĻΪûаЩ߷У
˿̣Ǳ߸ݼ죬ò
ֶ
׸ݼʱ򣬷᱾һѾ˽¶һ˿Цݵ
Ӵǣǵĵ̣ˣ׿ŷ᱾һЦһʱޣ
İֶͶ̥Ҳżһʱɣ᱾һɽ¶
׻δ˵һԵݼѾǳҾ㣬òҪ򡭡
ݼС㣬˵ʲôڻ׻Ƶĵϰɣ᱾һɿЦ
أ
ʱѾǱƿˣ᱾պͷ᱾̫Ѿ˽
˿Ѿ֪һΪϤӰһӶһ˿ײЦݣ
죿һô뿪
׸оһ˿֣ⶫǶ峤ȴһϣһѲеĵۣ
Ҫ֪ԶʵҲҪЩϣǵʵѾǹǿˣ
ʵЩֵĺܣ
Ⲣ׹ĵ飬ֻû뵽ԭһԼ򵥵ƺЩˣ
ϼŵĶ³
᱾տ˿ףǷһ˿ײЦ
˿̣ݼƺܵ᱾յǿĺ֮вϵķ๾
ȻˣȻ֪ǰ˵˭
֪᱾̫ɵʵǼһԼʵ࣬۷壡
һڴ˵ǰǱϹϾ֪˵ʵҪֹһǰô򵥡
ΪεľԼʦƽܹ˹ԮΪһֿ֮ûˣ
˭˭᱾ѾϼµˣϣǸϽתúͬŪãһỹأ
׿˿᱾գû뵽᱾ҲǹѪġ
Ϊ׽һ飬Ȼ龳ڵǿߣҪĽడ
飬ʵǿҲ徳ʥ
˸£Ҹǳô˵£
᱾̫ɿŭһףȫһӣ
˿ѾжȥαװھҪþ̫幬ȥնɱ֮ˣ
ܹںͶڶŲ̫幬
ն⽻Ҫϼţڵ׾൱Ǹնһ㣡
£˵Ǹɵȱɣ׿ŷ᱾̫ЦЦ֪Ϊ˸֣֪Ϊ񾭲Ժأ
ͣ
ݼнţ׵ĻһЦ˳
ϣɱ
᱾̫ɶ׵ĻԹѾǷǳˣں޲ֱһǰһ
֪ڵǸնڻɱһ

᱾̫ɵӶЩ΢΢ˣ
᱾յһ䣬Ŀ֮ƺŵһ㣬бۿ˿᱾ղм˵ҳô˧
ǸʱȻ뱾Ц᱾ԭɫȻڻһ㣡
ֻеǹɱȴôҲزס
᱾ողѾǵõ˶ָϼŵһ֮˽вɱ
ҪҪݵǾ̫幬ˣ
ߣøһ㣬ڻ׻Ƶĵؽϣ
ݼ򶨣ʵҲǽŵĲˣоһһӣ
Ļһ˴ɱ䣬ʱ˭Ҳܲˣ
׻Ƶĵؽôˣɱһֻôļ򵥣᱾պٺһЦҲɱǣΪǻһЩüֵ
ߣ᱾ˣǸˣһǺܶ˶֪飡ҪĸطֵĻʱҲѲ˸ϵ
ݼŭһȥƺЩ㣡
᱾̫ɿݼһЦǼȻɱǣȻΪ̺·ˣ
˭˭˵ĵӣɱ֮ˣ
ݼɫһΪ̺·ˣ˵׻Ƶ߰аæ
ʹ߿飬ôôأ
Ҫ֪׻ƺͶߵߣǼƲĴڰ
᱾տ˿ݼЦһûл֪ˣ׻߶ȥͦȤģ
ϣֵһһɱǰ椳ĵΪˮ飬ҪȻٺ١
᱾̫ɿŷ᱾գֿ˿һ¡ĻݼҲ¶һ˿Цݣ
᱾Ҳ¶ζЦݵģǱݱҲһȤ
лϳȫ
᱾̫һƲס˷뼤Ҫ֪ȻͬΪĺڣԸоݼʵҪǿԼһ㣡
ԽŮˣԽгɾ͸а




1572¸жݼ
 

ݼ˿ɫɷף
ɵҲеĲԾԭֻΪԼп֮ݣ
û뵽Ȼ˶ĵ飡
Ǹ᱾̫ɿȥǸͷӣʵһĺܣ
˵һ磬˼˶Ҳûж˻עġ
᱾̫ԭǳĺɫֻƽʱαװĺܺöѣ
һҲǿ˳ԷҲ֪᱾һΪ̬֮ˣһ뷨
û뵽᱾վȻһͬˣҪֱ
᱾̫붼ǳĴ̼˿̵Ѿʼȥ£¶һ˿Ц
㡭ʲô
ݼȻţһ֮˵ϣпԿóŮ˿ǶôĿ־壡
׻ƵߣһûƷʲôζء
᱾̫ɵд˿ȫݼһĶӷ᱾һҲǿֱˮ
ǿ׻Ƶ߰ԼûƷԼǸûлƷ
Ļᣬ᱾һȻҲǲŹġ
ȥɣ
ݼҲܲ˷᱾̫HֱӰγԼһն
һ˳ŷ᱾̫ɵķֱӲ˹ȥ
⵹÷᱾̫һֻݼոշȴǷ᱾յһӣ
ˣ
ݼɴ۾ŷ᱾գΪûп˵ôеģȻԼǿһͱˣ
ʵЩ̫˰ɣ
⡭ôܣݼ˫ֶѾЩ΢΢ˡ
᱾̫һ㶣漴Ц˼ݼˣǷ᱾ǿ֮һĶϣӵ龳ʵƾ㣿
ơ龳
ݼûһϵ⻹ô򰡣ֱһ㷴ͷûУ
˵ʵʲôǸֵʵ
飬ܶ˶²ʥʲôʵ
ܶ˶֪ʥʵӦ徳龳һǿɶŵ̫ϳϲеʵ
Ȼһ龳ǿߣݼ֪Ӧ˵ʲôˣ
̫̫ˣһ־ĺ蹵
ݼã֮˶ˣҲ˵Ķˡ
ߣҷ᱾ʷ龳ǿߣ㻹ΪˣҸ㣬ҪźźˣһԿϷһ򡭡
᱾̫ɾ͸оԼǸ龳ǿһ㣡
ȺٻƵӣһַǳǷĸо
ݼЦһΣҾҲǵóѵģ

ݼ˿̵ӿֳľһĨ֮ɫѾԼԼϣ
ֻ뷨Щˣ᱾ԼĺûΪܹ𣿺ߡ
⳯ݼķûʲôɱ
üͷԭҪ֣㿴϶ܸɳʲô
ݼ˿̾Ǳһ㣬оԼ˶޷
̫ɣȥɡ᱾պٺһЦ
ϣҪȻ᱾̫ɿ˿᱾գ¶һֺ֮ɫ
ˣֻϲͣ᱾΢΢һЦ
ʵϷ᱾յûûж֪Ҫһȥ׽᱾̫е֪Ļ֪
лϣ᱾̫һǷˣݼǾʹ飬Ҫˣ
ڵôϣһܹһ˽أ
һȺ裬Щ˻Լĳˣܹܵˣ
ǺǣǰһֱΪҪһߣҪǸˣǽ쿴ǣҸоʵЩ߸ҵ뷨
ݼһ֮ʣȻǱߴʴʣ
ʵղžôһĹ᱾Щ˵Ѿ漰ˣ
ݼһЩӦɪɪŶԣ
ôҲû뵽һﲻ£߲ϵĴ̼ŷ᱾պͷ᱾̫Щߣ
ⲻϵԼ
˸·
᱾̫׵ĳбһɱ⣡
һԵķ᱾΢΢һЦ׻֮Ƥӹ򲻴̫ɣش
ҵ棬۸ҵŮˣǻǵͦʵİ״˿Ҳǳŷ᱾յķ˹ȥ
ף㡭㲻Ҫ˵ݼһʱȻΪԼͷ˵жǼٵģ
ǸжжоһҲʵЩ̫Բˣ
ǿ龳ǿ߰ҲûжǴ˵Ķ֣Ӳ˵ǰԼˣ
˲ɱףʱлţ
ȻݼҲ֪ΪʲôԼҪţôġ
ôһŮҳͷأǺǣڣ˭Ҳ۸ģ׿ݼ֮еţݼЩȦˣ
һﵽأ
Լĳ̫ɣȽ鷳˵ɣʵ벻ϵȻҲģ
᱾տףоǰֵļһʵЩ룬ɱҲɱˣ




1573ʲô
 

ݼôף
оһľԼϦҲˣһﱾԻúúõģ
ڿԻĺúõģȻΪԼ
˵ʵ˾һɵ⣬ݼȻһεĲһֱ˱ĸо
Ȼ˽һ׽֮ˣָоȴһޱȵİģ
оԼı仯ţҿ׼Ҫ᱾̫նɱһ̣ƺһֿ̹һʹ
ײδע⵽ݼı飬˿᱾̫΢΢һЦ㲻ҵĶ֣
ʲôԲѣ
᱾̫ɻΪ׶ԼҪ˵ʲôأû뵽һﾹȻ˵ôһĻ
ԼĶ֣һҲ̫СԼ˰ɣ
ڻûԼ˸ղŵ쵽ôһ£
һͨˣȻһ˵ԼĶֱ֣Ц
᱾յҲһ˿˿Ц⣬һﻹţʱȻôĵ
Щļһˣ
Ȼһﲢһߣ׽Ҳһ۲۵ǿˣ
ֻܿϧעǻ̫ʱģ
ಣ
һһ᱾̫еʿѾǳ׵ķ˹ȥ
ٶ֮죬ݼоһľ
ѣоѾˣһ׾Ҫͷˣ
ݼı۾Ը⿴׾ôԼǰ
ݣ
Ӱռ֮Ѫ֮ɫѪͻȻ䱬ģ
᱾պͷ᱾һɵԭһ˿Цݣɵһɫ˵ıǷ᱾գ
Ϊڸոһ̣ѾǸо᱾̫ɵϢˣ
أ
һ֮᱾̫ƺûгֹһ㣬ռһƬžţ
ݼĶͷϲ˺飬˱֮Ͻ˫ۣɵǰľʱȦˣ
׺ö˶˵վǱߣ᱾̫Ѿʧȡ֮һ̲Ѫˮһʿڵϣһ
֡ף⡭ô£
ݼ۾дʺţҪڴһ·᱾յ˻أ
׻ߣ
᱾յ͸һ˿Ŀ־֮ɫΪܲ˵Ϣ
˼߶ûжϵĳ˶ˣ
һ龳ǿߣȻԷĵϸһҲûһӵˣ
Ҳ׿˿᱾գʼմһ˿ȻЦݣ
㡭㵽˭᱾˵Щˣ沿ǳĽţ
ԭΪס˿̲ŷָģ
ݼдӾ֮ɫ˾֮ɫȻ׾Ȼ׻ߣҲɫһ죡
֮ǰԼ׸ǰӣ޲Ҹضȥźã
ֻһﾹȻƭԼһ֣ȴԻǻ͸˰
Ļ˻֣ݼ˲оԼһɣѾ׵
ǰǰ㡭ԭҲ߰ݼɫͨʵ
ƺû˵Ҳ߰ɣŮݸһЦ
᱾Ϸ᱾գ֪ǣ᱾Ҳ
һ￴ôᣬӦòʵôǿɣ
һϢԼܲǾֻֿˣһ־ʵԼٸΣ
һһʲôϢı
᱾ǸԸ׵ԼϢıΪܵľһﲻ龳ĸ֣
˭㻹֪㣬카ᣬΪһ
㡭ô֪Ҹ峤顭
᱾ոоԼƺûܿˣԼһﶼ֪
Ҫ֪ⶫǽĺܣ벻ͨһﵽô֪ģ
ʵϣ׸ղҲ֮̽鵽˶Ϣֻû׷ȥѣ
ڿ֮ǹģ
Ǳ㣬ʮ֮ڱĻش
飡
˿̵ɱƵ֣Ѿжȥαװ
ݼ׵ӣоʮ㣬Ҳһﵽ˭
Ƿ᱾Ҫ֪ݼʵҲҪ֪һ˭
ߣҪ֪ϷܣǾҪûˣ
᱾վöˣһô᱾˿أھҪЭҲûκε·ˣ
ڷ᱾մ׶֮ʣһֲѹѾǵصĳǵķϯ
飡
᱾ոоһǿѹԼЩɵΧЩѾһڵϵʱҪˣ
ʲôϢıﰡ˼ţư
𡭡ɱң˵
᱾Ǿģ˿̿׾ǿһͷħһ㣬˲κεķ֮
ʲôڷ᱾ѾµĶ壡




1574ɵĸ
 

һλ龳ĸ֣׶ûж־Ѿ˵
ݼһԿĿɿڴٶ˵ѾЩⷶΧˣ
˵ɣ׵Ŀ˿᱾ա
᱾յɫֳǼȵľ֮ɫƽʱţģ
һΣǲݼľ
᱾ղΡΡĿ׵֡ǰġ
˵꣬Ͳһ㣬ȫĶ˵ˣ
ߣϼŵ֮ˣȻð̫幬壿Ʋͦ
׵Ҳǳ˺⣬ԭΪԴһεɽ֮ⶫܹͣһᣡ
û뵽һﲻͣȻļƲߣ
һԵݼɴ۾壿ϹϹ˵ʲôôܸɳ֮£
һ㶣СӿȥԶΪذ
Ҳû˵ʲôΪÿһĻһ⿴ĽǶȻҲһ
ҡҶ췢ľԲϹ˵ģóһʯ
᱾ﻹѰС߬ڱ˵أҪҲ
᱾տûԼΪ˻ʲô鶼óģ
ҵţһʯݼлһĲţ
ۣ
ڷ᱾˵֮ݼֵķڷ᱾յĵﾹȻ̴ˣ
һ˲˿ռ֮У
ŷ᱾վйƤһ㣬Ǳˣ
ⲽǰͷЦһ᱾գɱ㣬Ϊ㻹еôˣݼ
ǰҡ
ݼʵǿᡢɱϵףҲǽŲѣȻҲ֪׸ɱԼ
ݼ֮ǰ˵᱾˸ƺг𣿡̧ͷһݼʵ
ǰ궫ս͵Ϯڣүүǵ£ҸΪ˱ҵĸ׺ͼˣв֮𣡡
ôʣݼҲҧгݵ˵
ﶫߵȷĳˣ޲նɱǣֻûʵ
΢΢һЦȻˣҲʱϼһ֮⣬˾ɡ
ңǰЦɣҡҲǵĶ֣
ݼȻҪ𣬿˵ʵʵ̫ˡ
˿ǰҲѾ˵ˣ龳ĶϾȻֱӴ˵ǻз֮
ɷҲҲ
ǵ͸һӵľ֮ɫȸղݼҪ
ݣ
һɫâݼϴ˿ѾǶһʵķɽ
İɣڣֻȥˣ
ݼԥһὣ𣬳Ⱥ֮еǰ᱾֮˶ȥ
ԭݼڵԼ˵Ķ֣ƺ˸޷ĸо
вˣ
ݼڵΪǲΪǸղŷ᱾պͷ᱾̫ʹ޲ѣ
նɱˣûκε˭ǼǲɱԼ˵ĳˣҪðԼĵأ
һһ᱾˵Ѫ֮УݼоԼδйˬ񣡣
ɸݼоûκε谭
һߣ
᱾տǰһУкڲǧʯ᱾弸֣֮
ֲöҪ᱾飬Ҽ۸ĻôĸߣΣϵҲ̫ˣ
һ᱾֮ԼУݼһ˿ᣡ
һֱĵ˵ҪԼĸױ𣬿û뵽ȻôˣԼûһ׼
ǰһ̣ڵԼ᱾۸Ѿ׼
һ̣ͻȻת
׵ӣݼԺ֮иһ޴ʺţ˵˭
ݼڿ׵ʱȴַ᱾Ѿʧ
˿̵ѾǱ׸뵽֮УϼһԭҪնɱţ
Ҳ𶫷һɣ׻һͳʱ⣬ʵںبǰľһڶѣ
ֻҪڣ׻һͳǾ˳µˣ
ǰǡϹأݼŷ᱾ʧҲһ
Цŵİɣҿסˣ
ðɣǰǲǻȥأ
ݼףƺЩᣬȴҲ֪Լײһ·ˣ
˿̣Ѿתˣ
Цŵ飿
ҡһˣϢҵĸףݼЩ˼Ŀס
ŶǺǣĸŵİЦʵ
ҡˮڵģڶһţݼ˿׼ղǸϹ˵年Ǹɳ飬ҡʵЩš
ˮڣ壿Ǻǣ⻹е˼û뵽ݼŸ徹Ȼһϵ
ǰɲȶԱġݼҲˡ
Ȼ׿ȥݼ˫ȭѵ֣
οݼʵ֪֮Ĺϵ˶ǿ϶ûкùӳԵģ
壿Ҫȥʶʶ˳·ˣ׿ݼҲһ뷨




1575ƾɲˮ
 

ĳ֮У
֮ǰȻֳֵ׵ʧһƬ򣡣
ʱӰѾߣΪ֮ɫŵĿƽĺв֪Щʲô
ƽأΪ֮˳
ӦþߣɡǡƽҲһƣ
һһλ󻤷ҿӦˣ߾ԲҵȻѰǵ鷳ģ
Ǳߵ˼أλ󻤷һλ
󻤷ոյõϢϵ˼Ǿ䣡λ
䣿Ҷˣ󻤷¶һ˿ȻЦݣ
νľ䣬˼ǲԼˣ󻤷֪ϼڴϵĿһЩĵλ
ʵһμҴҵĸϹҲΪʥԭ
ߣӰӶûпô󻤷һƲѣ
ϵҲһҪǵ˴ԺӿɾͲùˡ
󻤷һҪȾʦðƽЩˣ
ʲô䣿ֲɵӣȻһӾˡ
ҲΪˣˣ
ҪԼʦʧٲȥѰҵĻǵʱľ׶༪ˡ
˵ķ𣿡λƽһ
ˣȻҵһƬѰһ£ѰǻȥȺµָɣ
󻤷Ļǳ׵ķƽ죬ҲңҲˣ
ҲǾˣ
ҲҴȥҲҴңΪǸһƬûҵκߵټ
Ȼ󻤷ҲǸо֣ͷһ²һ£˭֪ⶫߵɳʲôݹ
óȻĻʱ¹˭־δ֪ˣ
ֻǲ֪Ǹոմĺ˲ͬѰ飡
ˮڣ
ڶ֮Ⱥɽۣ֮׻Ĵ֮һأ
ˮҲһţҪȻݼˮҲһĵλˡ
һڵߣҲֻŲܹҵһЩڸˣ
ҪΪݼ츳ǲĻļѾǱϳˡ
ĲпԾڴˣ
Ȼݼĸڵ붫ߵĶԿˣһСȴеߣ
ΪһѵĴۣ൱λӵԴ࣡
׺ݼˮڣȻݼ֪׵ʵǿȴǲѣ
Ҫ֪ˮڵıǿǶ壬׿ȥǺͶ岻ͣ
Լţһ˻£ʱ۵Ŀ²ԼļˣпԼţ
ݼȴҲܾףΪ֮ǰ֮ҲǾԼģο֮һЩ֮ݼЩ
ˮڣ
׿ǰЩ׵ţҲüͷʵ
˵ʵˮڵֵͦģһЩƲţҲЩˣ
磬ûм˲Ƶţ
ǰǵţˮʵ΢벻ǰķۡݼЩ˼˵
װڰֵ㺰׾ˣûбҪǰǰĺ
ǰǿΪʵȺȻҵǰݼ
㺰㺰ͳˣ׿ݼ
áðɣҾͺǰִ֡ˣݼڿɲֱӺ׵ˡ
Դӿ״ɱķӣоѾǷ˸תˡ
׿ݼЦŵ˵ʵҲȥ˲٣ˮڻǡ
ˮ㣬ҲΪÿҪʯҪȻĻҲӡ
ݼ΢΢һ̾ˮСţûжıӻĻͱ˸ˣ
˼ұ㣬ҲøӦĻرɣʯڶ˵Ǿţһëѣ
ֻǶȴ᲻ҪˮҲҲ
ҲΪʲôˮƾɵԭʵŻǺܶġ
ʯҲ
׿ݼҲ΢΢һЦʯ˵ǲࡣ
ɶһС˵һˣ
ݼÿõʯŶʮʮʲôĵҩ
ʮʯȥԼĸ׿˵ݼܹȡڵĳɾͣȫǿԼ츳
ǰ˵ǲ࣬ɶ˵Ǿǲŵˣݼͳ˵
׿ݼЦŵ߰ɣȻѾˣȽȥ˵ɣ
˳ƾɲĴȥȥƺһ˿




1576¿¸ĸ
 

ˮڣ
̫ˣ˸оЩֱӣ
֮˶ûУײĿݼΪſƺ
ݼЦŵִ磬֪ŵشƫƧǰǧһֱӡ
Ǻǣ⵹Ҳǣûпŵ˵Ҳν飡ЦЦ
ݼ׳һƫƧĵط˹ȥ
԰״̣ﻨ㣡
ȻطƺƾһЩɾɫȴһ㲻
ִ磬סĵطݼָָǰһСԺӣҲЦŵ
׿ݼŵĵλӦҲͰ
ִ磬ЦˣˮڵŵӣλȽϵĿǰŸҷ˸طסϾҸĸߡ
ݼ΢΢һ̾ʵĿҲֻԼ֪
Ժˮڵһαȶȡģ֮кܶ˶ҪռΪУ
Ҫݼ츳׿ͱǸ۸ˣ
־ͽݼ׿ݼʵ
ݼҡҡͷִ磬ݼ׽һƺѣҵֽ纣
纣ֵҲǲ
׸ݼı߳ȥ˿˶һĳ
纺׻һ֮Ѹٵĳ˹ȥ
ǲδţפ㣬֮˵죡
ǻǰȥɡ
˵ŮЩͳóһλŮ˵
ܿŮ˵ִ֮һͳ
ǧô˵ЩѾ֪ˣֻҪܹһһʲôأ
˵Ů˲Ǳˣ纵ĸ˵ֽ纵ĸף
Ƶ̾һŮ׽磬Ѿ´ͨ뿪ˮڣܹȥأ롭
˵ĺ뿪ˮڻܹôΰǧҪ벻
̾һǸŮ̫ѹˣҲˣٻҲˣҪȻ߰ɣһɽҸƧľ
ţҲôģô꣬ѾݲˣѾˣǾҸطʱ͵͵ĿŮۡ
ƺҲѾǴ򶨺⣬纴˿Ѿ£
ˮڣʵ̫ˣ
Ҫ֪ԼĸҲΪ˵ֿ߲˵Ĵѣ˵ܾͲˣ
׿纵ӣ纵ⲻǻ𣿽ȥɡ
˭
׿֮ʣѾǴһŭȣ
ҴҵĿţԼŮһİվߵʱ˶ڵ
£һӱסԼĸף
Ǹղŵļ仰絶һ㣬û뵽ԼҪȥ׽磬ôõʱ⣬û뵽ȴôĶԴԼĸĸ
ŭʣȴûκεİ취
ΪһŮܹԼĸĸԼߣ纵ʹ಻ѣ
纶ôˣ
ϽһԼˮȻ纾ͻص棬ŵʱصس濴˿
õ𣿡线ԼĸףҲȥԼĸҲֻѯˡ
纶û£أԼΨһܹƶ֣ԼŮ㷢
ǸղŵĻҶˣҪߵĻҸһߣЩ˵
֣纶츳ܺãŵҲ֪ġˮǰ;ҸⱲҲˡ纳
ˣŮôܴһĵطأ
ˣҪˣ⻹أ纶λǡף沿ҲһЩΣ
׿΢΢һЦף纵ѣ
ף㲻ˮڵ˰ɣǰûм㰡ЩɵĿ˿ʵ
ִ׽ʶһѣɲˮڵˣҲ̵
纶ڸϽ׽磬Ҫ֪֮ԻĻʱźǱ߿ɶûа취Щ˵
ҡһλҪǣҰˣ纴˿ѾЩˡ
ʲôұˣ⡭ôܡЩ𾪵ĿԼŮŮмＸ
ԼĳǿǶĴ᱾壬Ůڵʵ¸˼춼ʸģ




1577ûϣľΣ
 

纶ô°һҲǼĿԼŮʵ
һ׽ִ˷᱾ˣִңնɱ˺ü᱾֮ˣ
纾ԼĸĵһˣҲð˵ķջصˮڵġ
ΪǱй涨ģҪţǱҪͬ⣡
һҪԼĸ״ϲҲȻ׼һˡ
纶лл㣡ԺǧðΣˣ᱾Ķ󳬼壬ˮҲǵĶְ
ĳĶ˵л᱾Ŀǰ纻˵ˮܹġ
纶ĻϽ߰ɣ˷ˣԺɡ
˿ҲǽѣȻ֪ԣ
ԼŮ£ôܹԼŮðôķأ
¸ĸģ
ڵϣԼŮܹϽ뿪طҲֻԼŮ뿪طǲܹĵ뿪
׿˿΢΢һЦ壬˿ɷҿ
ԶԶԣִ磬ʵǿܸܲҸ׿һ׵ĻҲǼ
׵ʵ֮ǰǼʶģǿĲвˣ
ͻȻ˵ҪԼ׵ˣȻֵļ
һԵһ㶣΢΢һЦСְѾܶˣûĿˣҪĿĻˮѾˣ
ǰС֣ĺˣҵŮ飡ҪȻһ鷢ֵĻ̵
װڰֵ飿޷ʶǵĳϡ
С㾹ȻʶĳϣǿǴﰡ
û뵽׾ȻʶĳϣҪ֪λǷǳƵġ
壬ҶҽЩоģҪȻҰ㿴һε˵
˵컯̫ˣ
Ϊף˵ʵ׸ղҲˣһ˻Ʋˣ
ҪǸո˵ʱ龳ĸֻǿƣ
ֻϧˮʵ΢ҲһС龳ĸôỨôľȥΪһСආأ
һô꣬ܶྭѾǱͨ˵ûдĵҩƾ͵޸ͬʱеĻѾûȬĿԣ
Ѱ龳֣Ѿ޷ˣ
ԼҲ֪ԼƵģʵѾ¹ˣҲǹӲдѣ
ţԴ˭أ
ȻҪԼҲһҡͷֻûк˼׵ĻԶѣ
ԼǸϣܹԼŮ뿪ߣ
ϣǱûϣҪðɣҲЩ˵
һԵƵ̾һ纶֪궫ҽѾ¹ˣοȥôأ
ɡҲҪ԰ɣô֪ûϣأ
һĻʵѾ˴ˣ֮ǰһֱŬ׷ѰҪԼĸҵһƵķ
ҽѾۣǼûϣ
ʵˮڻǶΪӣϾ츳Ҳ൱Ĳ
Ϊˮڻص˹ϵȥ˶ҽλҽ֪龳ĸֿ϶Ըġ
ԵʱյоҲĲûϣ
ԺҲûҪƵ飬ֻǿЩҩǿնѣ
׿ҲЦЦ壬纶˵ǶԵģϣǱûϣҪðɣ粻ɣҿڰɡ
ڣСûпЦɣЦʵ
ʵĲԸ˷⹦򣬿ɾ׺˵ϣǱûϣҪúܶɣ
壬㿴ǿЦҸղŴԵĿһ£˫Ⱥֵľѣʱ䳤ˣѾǺѻָˣ׳
ǰϣѾǸˡС֣ҽȷһ۾ܹҵĲҿҲҪ˷ʱˣ
ףʱ˵Ҫƣȫľ˷Լʱ;
壬˵ֻǼûϣȫûϣ
׿ʼ磬ʵҲǶķһЩʱ⣡
线Լĸ̵һЧǱûƵҪðɣִģ԰ɡ
Ǿҽ˰
ϿͿ׿ó˼ѹҲûбκεϣ
Ҳ΢΢ҡͷʵǿϣѾˡ
ֻкܶûиԼŮ˵ѣһӣҲεĺܣ




1578𾪵ݼһ
 

һ˿ϣй
ᣬȻмôȴЩΪȻ
ԼôĺƵĻҲͲô鷳ˣ
ֻҲܶİ취˼һԼƻ϶ҡͷգûκεİ취
纵ʵԼĸĸҲ࣬׵ʵǿ
βãҲܹһЧɣ
Ǳ̬׵ģڳļ֮УҲĴһЩϣˡ
׵ǲŲæЦŵһ֣㸸׵ƶһ£
õģִ磡
ĵͷ˵Ǵ֣ʲôԸ⣡
ಣ
ȥתԼ׵ʱ׵ѾǶһö룬ڻ谵ĻԵԣ
֮ϣ˿˿ƵѾЩʵʵĸо
ݣ
룬׼ݣ
˿̣еĽѾǳĳѨλ˽ȥ
ʹ
ЩܲʹͷѾ˶ĺ飡
ȴһԵ̾ѣĿȻ֪
Ҫ֪ΪʱĶѣѾǳ׵ʧȥ֪
ɾʱȴԼɷȻгҲһϲ
סִ磡Ҳ֪ôˣʵ֮ж׻Ǽȵεģ
ҩȻʼܵתڵ
ھҪԭѾõľʼţֻʱܹܺõ
һ󹤳̣ΪڵľСС۸ӣֻҪһνӲԵĻʱɵĺǷǳصģ
ڣ
׵ĵҩ֮оһɾΥԼɢ
ܿһֵҰһ㣬ںֱײ
ÿһεĳǳ忪һֵѪ
ȼ׵סľҲۿɼٶȲϵķţ
Ҫ׵ʶΪǿ󣬿һ˻Ǹɲϸ
Ҫ֪⾭ѾǶ̫ˣҪָ֮ǱҪзǳֶΣ
һʱʱ䡭
Ѿŵҩ˿̵ҲǽĻֱָ
һԵĸоԭѾȾȻܹˣ
ȻʱĲһİĸоϤİо֮пϲѣ
û׵İ£ȾȻ΢Ķһ£
һԵѾǾ˳线Լĸ׺żˮҲһƬĪ𾪣
׳ɹˣĳɹˣ
Լ׵֪ˣܹԼˣ֮ǰǸ޷һ鰡
ҪִβȻҲǼѣżԼĸ׵
ŵסԼͣˮѾ޼ɵĻ
ʱһһţȴδ̫ĳʵѾ쳣ǿ󣬾һ߶˵
ĸʱ֮װγ︽λ룡

ҲһȻЦŵҲûʲôˣʣµľһָڣöҩ֮һʱ֮ӦþָܹĲˡ
ǰǰ߰öҩԼ֪ǣԼʵҲѾһĽ
û֮ǰ񾳳ڣ˿̵Ѿͻ񽫵Ϊ龳ڵĸ֣
Ҫ֪ˮڣʵǿҲ龳ڵʵѣ
ˮܹﵽ龳Ҳ˶ѣѾ˵ˣ
һʱϥϵѭԼǱڵһǰΪĳ죡
䣡
̫ˣҪйһԼɵ֮ŷԼʵƺЩԼĿˣ
龳
㵵Ŀףû뵽ԼʵȻֱ찡
׿΢΢һЦ壬ǺɣȻˣЩûж
֡ҽ˵Щҳ˸ָİ취ȻûôָʶȴһЩֻû뵽⡭
ˣһüĸо֪һжԼŮѴԼģ
һԵҲʿˮԼŮѾͷ㡭ѿ
纴˿̿ףѾðСˣ
ԭΪûκϣˣͻȻվߣһϵڱԼĸо
𾪡˷ܡ
ԱһӶ֪Ӧôˡ




1579鷳
 

ˮڣ纵Ժڣ
ʱļ϶˼֮ɫ纣˷ܵѾǱסһԵף
ԼĸףڽһεվԼΪǸ׸ˣ
ôȥˣ纵һοԼ׵ЦݣϵЦݣ
׵ĵʹͼ尾Ǹܵõģ
ִ磬лл㣡
ˮ׵ĻУͷ
׿纵ӣҲЦŵûˣûˣԺһжģ
ҽ⡭Ƕ֪Ӧôлˣһݣ
ףĿг˸м֮飬Ҫ¹һ̣ȻԼȥ
ƾô·˸סһ㣬ɫǺ죡
΢΢һЦֺαؿأҸ纶ѣæȻӦõˣ
Ļ˵꣬üͷȴѾ
Ϊʱһڽ纵Ժ֮УǼٵĽŲ֪߲ƣ
ҽҪ˵Щʲô˿Ѿһֵ
ղ˭ƻ֮ǲǸзϣ
˵֮ˮƱɽĶӻ꣬ʵЩ纵ĵҲˣ
ղҾߵʱصһʱһҾ͸Ͻ㱨ˡ
⣬һթͲǸʲôö
ߣϼһˮڵģˮڵģҪʯô궼֪ˮڶٵʯˣӾǺ䣬ҲҪǸߣ
ЦһĹƺ纵ĸĸźĳԹ
϶ſ
ǸթһεȺٻСˣҲʲôطȱĻɫ
ȻˮڲһСţ׻˵ĺãС
𿴾ôһţڲĶ쳣ļҵġ
ΪԴѷܶ˵˼Ѿ棬ǷԴˡ
֨
ſˣŭĿŻ꣬ð˿˿ĺ
纣
ԱߣһΪ޵Ůӿ纵ʱӵɵϴ
Ůʯƣˮŵ츳ԱȽϳڵһ
ʵϣˮ츳ڵĵӲܶ࣬ҲΪʲô纵ĸ׶ˣȴɻܹߵһԭ
Ϊ纵츳ͷûһŶϣԼܹһЩ츳׿ˡ
ΪֻҪһܹһɳ죬˵ľŵڷɣ
ˮСţҲģǵгһܹһɳ죡
纺ʯʵ츳൱ȴǾϵ
ŵһ˵ͷ纡ʯ֮չ
纻˵һҵõһǧʯĽһӣʯֻܹӵڶ͵
˵ĶӣռԴƣȴֻܹӵڶ
û˼֮飬ڼʯһһļϣͷŵˣ
ڵѾʯƸŪȥˣôҲû뵽ʱ纾Ȼվ
ꡢʯƣʲô线˾һ
ҪΪԼĸף̲ȥˣԼĸѾܹվˣȻҲڿˣ
ߣ纣㲻𣿾ȻûܻˣҿɣҪ鶪ˮڵͷԲ˶ߡ
꿴纣¶һ˿Цݣ
ЦһҵʲôʱֵŵĵӲˣִõģŸ߲㣿ҹ
纣ôĿҲ˵⣬ƾԻһҾִܹõ˰ץͻ飡ʯһ
ı㣬ȥҵԺӡҲˆ£鲻Ҳø˼ƽϣ
꿴˿һԵʯƣתЦһ纣ʽ֪ͨ㣬ԹԺˣ
ƾ㣿ʸ񣡣
纲мĿ˿꣬ǽļһﻹĺܣ
ԺԼ˹ھģҪ֪Ժǿǳϼϵ˲еġ
۲Ҳһˣ纸һ
أ
ʯЦһվ˳ϵǹ֮ǰûйģ
㣿ûʸˣ纲֪뿪ǰʱʯƵѾǷ˺ܴı仯
纰纣ǺôĵӣʯʦǼҪΪ罣˵ˣҪ罣ڹȥ
ƺоԼһʲô˲һ㣬һNɪĶ֪ˣ
ʯƵĿ纵纣Ҹ㣬ҲùҲù
罣ڣɫһ䣬ŭһҵĽҵ˽أҪջȥҲ˹˵ǣ
úúã纣Ź˰ҵҪôˮڵģ꣬˺
ʯƴ˿̸ǷʩˣһԵĻ̬ȾͿԿóڵʯѾǷ֦ͷˣ




1580һǶ
 

ʯƺȻ֮ĸ˽ˣ纶û뵽飡
罣ڣ
Ƕ徳ڵһŰ˵ŵʵ쳣ǿҪһǾǸĹϵǳ΢
˵罣ںͶĴѾǲΣĹϵ
˵罣ڣǶһʱصĶΪ֣
ȻҲ˵罣ڵģ֪罣ڵǿ
˻ʯƵ֮Ҳüͷ壬Ϊˮڸﲻ罣ڰ
˼ҷַӾܹˮʮˣ
ҲǣҲǣɫ쳣֪࣬Բ˵ģ
纶ߣˮڲҲգ
ղһУҲĺӶˣ
ԼŮΪԼôĿѣû뵽ʱЩһ裡
ȻˣһʯƵݣ
ʯƸ罣׵ѾǴˮڣҲΪˣ֪ԼŮѾʯƵĶˡ
Ȼ˵ĻҲҸԼŮԶǷ֮أ
㡭㡭㾹Ȼվˣ
ʯƿͻȻ֮ԼĸǰҲһ
Ҫ֪˭֪ͻȻ俴ϼһվԼĸǰʯƶоһĻ㱣
ߣʯƣȻǷ罣δޣҲδޣûйذɣȻˮݲǸŮ߱ǣ
ҲĻ˵ģҲ֪ʱʯƽ϶ǳԿģ
ҲԸ⿴飬һˮڵĸ߲ǰʱ¹˭Ҳδ֪
ߣܹվһû뵽Ůң¸ʯƵǸĻǽ˭Ҳ뿪ߣ
ʯƵĿԴʶ˷罣ڵ֮ĵλͷ˷츲صı仯
ʵΪ˸罣ڵʶʯƵ̽˵ϢȻλ;мˣ
ʯƭһһ㶵ģʯܻӭܿˣ
Ϊǵõ氮ɲһжʯֲ߻ģ
¹ʯҸ㣬Σ
ŭһĵģûмôĵģ
ԼϯӸ¹һ
ʯƻǸʲô˵Ҳ´ͷ
ʯƿһЦ纣Ҹһλᣬ㲻ϧĻǲ㣬ĵҲҪˣ
ߣҾͲŻԵ޹ʵɱ޹ѲɾΪǷ罣δޣҿҲϹˣȢô񸾣
ҲһŲãԭʯƸͲԸŮ˻ҪԼ¹Ǹŭˣ
ǿеķŭʯƳʯִ£Ů˵£뿪
ƾʲôҪŮ˵ɫ纳
н֪ԼŮƢ֪ʵ
ڵˮѾǵˮڣˮǿҪ罣ڵɫµġ
ֻҪµĻҲһ仰飡
϶˵ʲôãھҪ˸ҹ£һ
ʯḶ́ڿɫĪһֿ⣡
ʯִ£ĪҪ̫
Ҿ̫ôˣҰʯƿӣƵ˵
ž
ʯƻδ֮ʣһΪĶӵ쳹
ٿһԵʯƣѾ˰ߣеݵһ룬ȥΪң
纵ɴ۾ԼϵΪԼϵŭˣ
ɵԼϵҲһãĻܵʱһӱ뵽һˣ
ף
纻ͷЦеĳԼţæִ磬㡭
Ҳûа취һͿһ˴ŮˣƽʱҲϰˣҲһ¸оЩⲻȥ
׵˵ɴʱʯƵԱҲը˹
÷罣δޣȻ˸ӣʵЩо־尡
罣һŭˮھҪʬǧˣ
ٿ˿̵ʯƣӲסĲţĿһҪ˵ĸо
ɸղ˭ֶûпͱ˸ˣ
ŭ
ʯƺ޲ھȥɱһ֪Լʵһ纶磡
ڵȴȴŻĵ
˴󵨣ˮұڵӡ
ʱһȺ˳纵Ժ˹ͷǸȥҲޱȣ




1581
 

ǿᣡ
ƱɽΪˮڵȻʵǿҲ
Ȼ֪ʲô飬ɿʯ˵صӣҲǿһ£
ʯƣǿǷ罣δް
Ҫˮڱ˸۸ˣʱŶҪùˣ
ˣǳҡ
ʯһƱɽˣ৵һӾ
ղһˣû뵽ǾȻĸҶ֣ʯѹҲû뵽飡
ŸʲôϽʯִƱɽŭһ
һԵĻ˸ϽʯƸ˿еĿⶼϣ
㡭㾹Ȼվˣ
Ʊɽһ𾪣Ҫ֪ƿǶҽ˵ûа취İ
һôվԼĸǰʵһľ֣
˿ҲһıھҲ߲ˣ
ҽȻǾԼҲ´ˣǵ˷罣ڵ˰
罣ڵıǿǶ壬ǣһȫֱ·һĸо
뵽ߣҲľ֮У
Ǹ˿̵ǲˣֻǿԼŮˣ
Ʊɽʦֵһû뵽㾹˵ݲңһǿˡһ
㻹˵ƣҪˮ㣬Ϊܹ죿㲻лŵҲˣںˣȻߴʴʣ㲻𣿡
ƱɽҲһŭݵĿϲʦ֣
ʦ֣ĺˣ
һߣһµҲһȻĿ֮ȴһ˿˷ܺͼ
˽֣ˮڵĸʦܣȻˣһݾ纵ʦ
ʦ𡭡
һ֣ҲЩίĿԼʦ
纶ôˣ𣿡ֳ纵
ҡǻҸ׵ģʦʯҪҸ׺ĸףղʯƻ¹Ǹҡ
ҲǸֽһֱϾֻǸ
ָҪ˵Ʊɽһڸǽһͽִܰúڣ
ˡƱɽĺ棬ִ
̸纣֪ͨ罣ڣ˵ˮ£ķˣ
ƱɽԱߵִǸִõһԵֹ䣬һ˳ɽŵķ򼲳۶ȥ
黹ûеץǲ̫ˣ
ִõҪץˣֶŻƱɽЦһ
ʵֶڻƱɽҲԼͽԼĹϵַͬһ㣡
ֵĻ˵ͱȸϳˮˣ
ֻҲ̫˵ϾʯƵԽԽˣҪǵŮˣʱ²ǱסԼΣˣ
ɽ죬ѾתƱɽҪ赶ɱˣȻǿȥˣ
ڸҪиĻҿ㻹ǸʯִȥҪɣʯִ£ҪץЩˣڸá
Ʊɽһֺʯƣһ߽赶ɱˣһĿ׼ŮǽĿֵϣ
ˮڣΨһܹҲֻˣ
Ҫܹʯų켺ĻڻƱɽ˵ҲʧΪһ£
ʯƶ񶾵ĿڸҪƫ̻Щ֮ˣ
ʯִ£ƺûиɣм˭ģץ˭ܿ˰ɣܲΪˣ˶ܵǣɣ
Ҳûа취ʯﲻֻܹ˵ˡ
Ҫû罣δһݵĻƾʸԼ˵
ƱǿʯƵǰҲҪעִģ
⼸˱ʯƸ֣תͷ˻Ʊɽ
ʯִ£ڸãҲҪڸƱɽ΢΢һ̾
ʲôһҷˣҾ˺죡ʯЦһת纵ŭȵ죬뿪ִǰɣҿڻǲһ֡
ž
һ죬ԭǰʯƣ˿ߵҲ
˶סˣ
ʲôȻ˸ҵŻʯƣ
ʯʲôݣǿǷ罣δްҲûм˸ôɵģ
Ŀɿڴ
˶ǲŵĿǰһУһͷвİ
״纵˵ĺ˳΢΢һЦ˲˵Լû֣⻰ʵľⰡҪһ£Ƕ˵
ͣ
Ȼ˿̽ţ纻̲סЦ




1582Сѣ̫嶯ˣ
 

쵰ԹŮҪǲú
ʯƴ˿˵Щˣ˶ǿԿóŮķŭ
ʵҲŮ˵ģֻŮʵЩ̫ˣ
Ȼ˵ĻѵѵҲ飡
ȻˣŮҲΪ£ûеطҰأ
Ů˾ôǰоʱˡ
纣㾹ȻҴݵڣ˺ڵӣôĵӣȰǻǹԹԵ־ܣȷ罣ڵ
ƱɽҲû뵽˼ֱ޼ް
ԼվߣЩһﵱ͸Ŀһ㣬ֱ޷죡
һԵҲʿˮףǳţ»
֡ףʯǡҲ֪Ӧô׽ˣΪѹҲһˣ
Ǹ˼ҽҲͲ˵ˣڽͻ
˶ˣѲɻָܹʯƴĵķŹԼˣ
һ˲䣬һԵҲǽѣ
壬û£⼸÷һûз΢΢һЦ

̾һԼոպãûֵأֱˣ
Լ˻ʱпܱΣգһƣ
线Լ׵ӣ಻ҲǸʲô䱻˸ϰأ
线׵ӣҲ¶ĸ׵ˣ
Ҳǰ׼ģҪ׳Ļ֮ԼѾˣ
ܹһᣬܹԼĸһεվùˣ
̬ھɱһ׬һɱ׬һ˫
׹һЦ˵ĺã
ҰˣƱɽ⼸˵ţ֪ԼҪڲһʲôĻʱ罣ڵ¾ʲôҲˣ
ŭһԼȳȥ
ʱѾĸǰƱɽɱ
Ҫ֪Ȼ龳ĳڣľǱ׸ģҷõĶϳ˵ĵҩ
ȻʵҪȻƱɽһСΣȴɱѷѽⲻಮ٣
ײδ֣˵ڻûд֣
ĿɲƱɽλ罣ڵ̶ֻܹͨˮ
Ҳ
쾹ȻҪͨɱķʽݺ̫幬ȻҲҪб˵ҵľ
ֻöû뵽ǣһ᱾յץ!
ҪһĻǸʱѾ߲ˣ
Ҳҿ׵ʱû׷ȥʱĶѾȺˡ
˵ͣҲǻߵ纵Աߵ纶㡭㸸ǡ
ʦҸһ£λִ磬ִ磬λҵʦ֣线ԼʦҲ¶һ˿Цݣ
ֿ˿׵֪СѴӺζ
Ǻǣǰ״ʵ˵
Сѣ̫嶯ˣֿҲ̾һʯʵһ㣬Ʒһ㣬ȴǷ罣δޣ
Σ׿΢΢һЦʵ
纶һסƱɽСѺͼ˸Ͻ뿪ɣֳ
ʦ㡭ʲô˼纵ɴ۾ʵ
̾һ罣ʲôͷӦ֪İɣһ罣ڵˣʱ򿴵ʯƱ˴ˣˮڱ𶼲ûпܵ飡ߣǾ
ʦҪһߣǾԲʦϺģҡҡͷ
׿ֳڸѲɲ
ǺǣС˵Цˣνţвĵأʦ֣ʵҲоҵĳɷ֣ױκãĿأֲ¼ҹһǣ޹ҵνˣ
¶һ˿ȻЦݣһ
ʵҲ֪ԼǲʱҲǸ
ˣһ˻лĻᣬעǸˣ
Ŀ˿ֵڸ˹Ŀ࿴ҵҪһ罣ڵ
ۣ
ֺһûϵԼ¶˾ģһﲻ飬ҪԼ
ЩƵĿ׵СѣĪǿЦ
ҿЦƺѾ߲ˣ׿֣ȻĺŬŬ
ɫһ䣬ԼȺ˵ʱһı
Ʊɽֹͣ˴򶷣ʱĻƱɽļ֮һεˣ
ˮڵ̳ŮҲˮڰμ֮ˣ
û뵽һô꣬ȻʵǸԼಮ٣뵽߻ƱɽҲ¶һ˿ɱ
Щ˽ͳͳҪ




1583ţ
 


Ʊɽǻ˸һ㣬Զһļ
罣컳ȵΨһӣ
Ҫ˵罣ھˮڵ·̷ǳĽҲΪˣʯƲлż
ʯĻЩŮӣ䲻һװ߰ıɽŮȻߵ
ǴӮȡûݺ͵λŮӣһĴ۾
ʵʵѾŷ¸¾ʯƵĴ֮գ
ڵʯƻˮڵʱˣ
Ȼڸոգ˵Լδ޾Ȼ˸ˣŭѣ
˰
ڶĵϣΪµһŵķ罣ڵŮˣ˸ˣ
˵ȥĻҪඪ˾жඪ
أ
ΧɨһȦȻûϳԼŮѾǱǸˣ
ƱɽʿˮȻָָһԵʯЩֹ˵١
ž
һֱ˻Ʊɽϣ˿ͷ¶ȥѾŭĵĸо
˭ôˣûҸŻӸɶ￴ŻƱɽŭһ
ƱɽǽһίѾԼŶʶˣ㻹أ
ʯʵǵùĺܣѹҲûԼʶ̽飬ܵĿʯһķθ
ϾͷģŶ˸оЩθڣ
ĿУʯǿŮ񼶱񿴵ŮȻòԼŮˡ
Ҫ֪ڵʯ˲٣ӿȥҪªжª
ʯڿԼӵĻ˶Ҫˣ
ǡš
ƱɽҲҪˣֱ
ҷˣʯƣ
ɴ۾ʯƣƺʯƺһһģһ·
ֻǰŮ˿ȥҲ̫һЩɣҪ̬ȥĻ罣ڵˡ
ʯƱûκεıʵеĲļƶѣ
Ҳһߣ񿴵ʯôĵθڣȻҲ˸񣡣
أҡұ˴ˡ
ʯһ˾ҪĻ˹ˣʱȴʾߵסʯƣ
ʯƳ˭㣿
ɱɱ
ʯƺþָָǰףں޲һҧһ
Ҳ֪ʵӦúǿҪȻҲΣûκεķ֮ˣ
ЦһƱɽ㻹аҷ˶˴ˣ㾹ȻûвȡһĴʩˮǲϻ˰
˵˲֪ðģ׼ץ֮ʱȴ˵ƴֿҡҵʵʵ΢
ƱɽҲƣҪһлὫָ
ôһǰô᲻ϧأ
ߣˮڻв֪ʯδ޵ģ˳ģڴҷ罣ڵŭһ
ǰҲô˵İЩ˸ҵġ
ƱɽĿ˿֣һ˿ĺ
ҲЩп಻һʵ̫ˣȻʱ˵
һŭĻڽˣ
ֻһۣѾԼʱ׼սˣ
һս⣡
Ц˼ССˮڣҷ罣ڹȥ˭ﵹҪĸԼˣ
ˮڸֹʦԼղ˷˵ˣƱɽһˣϽ
ﲻʣҲ˵ҪȻԺᱻڸ
ˣͲһˣ
Ʊɽǹ˽ų켺㡭㲻ú
ֿŻƱɽҲŭһ˿Ҳ֪Ѿǻزͷˣ
⼸ˣţһЦɱ޼ɵɨǰˣ
ڣ
һΧ˲˼ŷ罣ڷεӣһᣡ
ȥȰǸ˷˵С˵ץסﲻܶ˶Ѿҵ˭˰һСӶ۸ҵͷˣ
ЦƺѾǿһ׵³һ㣡
ִ磬㻹ǸϽ߰ɣһҪǷ罣ڵĸˣʱɾ߲ˣ线׼æ
ڱնɱȴһ罣ڵĸֻ߶ĸˣľܲˣ
ܣΣһɱ
ƾЩСϺҲɱңǺǣöɣǻ񣡡
ǷƵ˵ⷬȴһ𾪲ѣ




1584Ҿµģ
 

죿
ＸЦˣһǲ񰡣
Ȼ˵Ҫ峤棿Ϊ˭
Ǹ˶Ļô峤ÿɣ
һССˮڣȻ˸طʴʣҲǹˣ

ԭЩҪֵһ㶣Ͼǣ峤ˣҲЩˣ
˭Ҳ֪ǰһﵽ˭һҪʶ峤ɶģǾмԴ
ߣԲѵļһɱ
бһɱ׵ĿԹ֮ɫ
ݣ
˼ͬʱǱߣȻǾնɱ˶СҲν飡
һʱ䣬׵ΧӰأ
ߣ
һݣƺûж˿Ѿм뵽˵ĶУ
ţ˾ͿӰѾǵ˵ϣ
ң
ҲʿˮղŻվԼǰЩˣ˿Ѿһ˵ϣƺѾû
˶ĵϣҲûٴʲô֣
˶ڰ
ԣֱɱУ
һԵ˶ĿɿڴҪ֪ǿǷ罣ڵĸְ
Ϊ֮˿徳ڵǿߣû뵽ǰһĸǰȻһжûгŵסֱӱɱˣ
࣡
ĺзһĿɬ֮ŵʱʲôǱķ罣ڣ
ǰȥƵļһȻЦ֮նɱԼλ֣
ֲ˹
ֿȭնɱôĸ֣˵ʵǶôǿأ
㡭㾹ȻҲɱҷ罣֮ˣ㡭
Ѿû֮ǰţ˵ҲǲΡΡĸо
ò˵ʲôӵĶˣҲ¼ŭɱ
һ˲Ĺ򣬳ݼһ֮˵˶ǲڷκε
氡ѲҪɱǣǻվɱɣֱЦȻˣҽµģһ
㡭ҵţߣһ˵Żһ߳źȴ
һͰԼǲˣ
ƽʱȻŰ裬ȴһ̰֮ϾΪ罣ڵǿǳĺģ
οٹһԼɾҪ˰ʱܲ£
һʱ䣬ռЩ̣
ƱɽĿǰһУҲ̫˰ɣ
ôĸֱ֣Ӿͱǲˣ
ŵö֪ˣæȥı˵˫ȶʼˣ
һԵֵҲһȴɱķɵӣҲЩѪڣ
ǰ̫ˡ
һӶ֪˵ʲôˣԭǱСʲôĺš
ҺˣСѣҲʸ񺰲ǰ
˼һ־ɱ˰徳ǿڵ˰ֱɱת
΢΢һЦǺǣڸˣ
ִ磬㡭ôǸһ˰϶ǻȥȱ˰
线ףǼż֪׵ʵ
֪ƾһˣôܶԸ罣ǱĶأ
Ҳʿˮ֡ǰҿǻ߰ɣ˵ز˾
ǰǰν˫ȭѵ֣ͻܲסȺǰ罣ʵΪǿҪǱĶ壬ǿǡ
Ȼ֪Ȼ֪Ѿһ龳ڵǿ
ɾƾŶĿǰʵҲǴɱķû˸ǵ𰡣
ȻˣȻҪʶһ¶ķ׵ν˵һרµġ
ϣⶫĿһЩϣⶫ쿴Լʱ򵽵һʲôıأ
ۣ
ֵƵĿףһǲǷ˰Ҫʶʶʵ
ⶫʵǿĿõİ⻹Ҫȥʶ
ֳǰʵǿɡ
ѾǾͲȰˣǺ£ߡ
׿˿ֵˣʵ϶˵Щ߲ߵν飡
ҲﲻʲôæĺµĻҲģ
ֿ׳ǰ˵ЦˣǰʵǿĻҵȸղſѾǱɱˣȻǰ£ҵȱ֮кξأ
ǰǰȻѾˣôһȻˣֻǡҲǱ̬˵곯ԼŮҲǿһۣ
ʵĲµľŮˣ
线Լ׵ӣ̵ǲҿ϶ߣοִ粻ҵѣҵľˣҪǾǲʲ壡
̾һû˵ʲôԼŮ˽ġ
׿ЦŵȻпգһˮڵ顭




1585ǰˣ
 

ˮڵ飿
ЩֵĿףˮڻʲôҪ
ǵĵֻз罣ԼⱳĶ壬һ罣ڵĸˣʱˮڿ¾Ͳˣ
û뵽ǰȻйЩ飿ĵж󰡣
һԵҲǿ׵ִ磬˼ǣ
ЦŵղǼ˲Ҫɱ𣿡
Ʊɽ˿ͻȻ֮ĿۼԼߣҲŵöһ£
εľǷ罣ڵĸܹѸٵĹ
ѾˣЦЦĿ⣬пһ£
֡ǰҡ⡭
Ʊɽ֪ Ψһİ취ʱ䣬ԽʱԽ
׿˿ƱɽЦһԺˮھˣ𣿡
ǰ˵ʲôʲôƱɽʿˮ
أϲʶʱˣҪǸңҶ̣׳
һԵֵǰƱɽǸˣ㡭ǧ
ڸ㡭֮ǰһЩᣬԺ󡭡ԺһúõЧǰ
Ʊɽи̲ѣ֪ʱҪװӣ
ֻҪȵ罣ںͶˣʱ򻹻⼸Сӣ
׵һ˿ĺâҲǸ⼸һһλˡ
ŻƱɽڿʼ־ʽΪˮڵˣ
ǰԸȥҵ֮λʱһľĸ
ƱɽһһǽͷһҪ֪һ˵֮λô˵汻˸µǾǷǳ˵һ飡
Ʊɽȴı˭Ҫλ͵ĸо
ֻǳ֮⣬ƺûע⵽Ʊɽǫ£ŭɱ⣡
ǰڿ²ʱ򰡣ǻȵŷ罣ڵ˵ɣ
̾һʵͲʲô˼أ
һ罣ںͶ˵ĻʱԼˮʷΪһλˡ
粻أƺӵĶˣ
׿΢΢һЦǸǻǻ㲻ԺҲҪ룬ˮڵˣ֮벻ջأ
벻ջ
ֿûھϣԼܹžˣ
ԸֿƺѾǳΪһţô
һԵЦŵʦܣʱ֣һӵҲ˲𣿡
ʵҪ˵ѵĻǱҪѵĺܣ
ڵĲʹĥľĥķǳǿܹ˵̹Ȼ
οһҪԵĿ֮ǰ붼ķ罣ǱĶ尡
һܹ֮һҲ֪ˣ
ƺȾˣһЦʦ˵ļǣǰлл
׿ŻƱɽ˵վһ԰ɣ
Ʊɽ׵ĻҲǴʯƵ뿪ط
˿̵ʯһƬı֪һ֮󣬻ĻѾûϷˣ
ʹ纣ҲʹǸ֪ʲôͷļһ
Ҳ룬һе׾ԼҪһٶİ纵ĸĸ˼·ϱȵĻҲӵġ
ǰл˵ֿŻƱɽȥı
һԵǰǻƱɽԲͶɵá
޷ѾˣղסĻǿɾ͹ֲñˣ׵˵ټˮڵӣɡ
ڣǰ֪ǻƱɽˣʱ򡭡ʵνҲ֪ʱ䡣
׾ȻҪȥΣҲЩˣ
Ҫ֪һ罣ڵ˿ɾ˰ǰʲô˼أ
ЦŵǾ͵ŻƱɽλǸã
ǰһҪǷ罣ںͶˣǡҲΪǵʵ
׹һֵҾҪǵֳΪ
һĴ㵣ǰǲǷˣ
ǴҲûô򷨵İɣŷ罣ںͶ棬˼ҵСܣ
һ˿ĲôɣҪô˵ĻǾǲݵľ氡
˿̣ˮڵѾŷ²Ż
ˮڵĵѾǳŹ㳡ķ򼯽ᣬǻ֪ŵ׷ʲô飡
ֿףҲϲ˳ݣΨһһҪôʹ˰ɣ
ˮڵĵǶ֪׷ʲôǿ֮λϻƱɽѾվһԣλǰ澹Ȼվֵʱ򣬵һƬ֮




1586¡Ƥ
 

ˮڣ
еŵӶ֪׷ʲô飿
ڸôվ֮λǰ氡˵ֻʸ𣿡
ǿ쿴ôվԱأ
ֹǿǷ罣δʯƣôȥ˸ͷ˰
ҪҰɣҪĻô찡
·һϸ˭Ҳ̫²Լ
ֻǶЩ̨Ͼô£
һټȫڵӵѲҪд鷢
׿˿һԵĻƱɽֵˣ
ƱɽǸһһ罣ڵˣԼҲˡ
ô裬ô罣ڵ˵ڻûκεĶأ
ƱɽֱɱȻĿ⣬Ҳǲòǰ˹
λˮڵӵӼһƱɽٵˮڵλָ
ƱɽȻвʣȴûκεİ취
Ҳ֪ǰ˿϶ǲģӦúܿͻվ
ϣܹվͷͿԽʡһЩʱ
Ȼ
Ʊɽ⻰䣬ҩõĳϾվ˳
һˣֺεºܹ쵼ˮڣǲһﱳţͼҪЮˣҪֵĻҵһӦ
ԣҲӦ
ǰƱɽ˺ܿľһûƱɽǳ⣡
ֿһףʵϵһû뵽˾Ȼô룡
µǰһǿֶѣ˵ʵ˭ظ棿
̱
Ӳʵ൱һֵ֧ģٻƱɽչ˵Ķˣܶ˹ĶǷǳĲҵģ
Ʊɽ˿ǿЦһĿ˵ӣʱҪĻҲֻܹ̯̯ˡ
Ͼ˵뷨ҲܲˣѾŵˣ
λѣҴλһŵ
׸ģλ˹
λҩϿֱŭһǺˣҲˮڵ飿Ҹ㣬ֻҪһ죬ӵҩһҩ
ҩãˮڵĺ࣡
λҩſҲˮΨһһλƵҩ˲ţ
ȻˣƱɽĹϵǳĺãҲǻƱɽģˮڵĵλǳ⣡
˵ǻƱɽҪõҩҲÿſɵɫ
Ʊɽſɼĵڻҳ˳Ǹˡ
Ҷأ˿ɲԼΪֵģʵſɸֵĹϵһֱǺܺá
һţݲõǾȨ˲ԣȻҲԣۿſ
ƱɽˣҪɱſɵĻֿ϶ǲˣ
ߣſѲɻһëͷСӲɣҿʦϷͰѻߣɱң
ſȻΪ˸ˮڶԼ֣Ҫ֪֮Ƿ罣ҲҪȥְġ
ֻſΪڻƱɽĹϵϣûдӦѣ
ĵλɲһ˿ԱģſˮǼ첻µزµ֣
ɱ㣿һҵ֣ˮڿʼҸλһѡ񣡣
ѡ񣿹Ҹ㣬û˻ѡֳΪģſɿеˣҲǸӵĵôˡ
üͷ˿ſɣȻ¶һ˿΢ЦųǰɣҪȻǴģʲôǿˮڵӵѡΣҪˡ
Ƥ
һԵЩ̫ƤһЩҪ֪óʯ͵ҩѹΪǵĳˣ
罣ںͶ˶û
͵Ǵս֮ǰһθ˰ɣ
ҪˣҹڵϸֿͷȻΪҪأſŭһ
Ҫˣ㴦ãЦһ
Ʊɽ׺ſˣֿ˻ֻҪȵ罣ڵһʲôͳͳҪ
ԽӶԼԽ
ſɿˣ˵ˮڵλˣֻҪǻѡſɽ֤߱ÿ˿ԵõŻ鵤
ʲôŻ鵤ܹõһŰ
ǰųǲǷ˰Ҫѹ׵Ĵó
ģû뵽߲֮ǻ̵ܹ
ҿ϶ѡˣŻ鵤ҵ찡
˲䣬·һ֮Ȼ˶Ǳ⻯鵤𾪵ˡ




1587䣿
 

ˮڣ
еŵӴ˿鶼Ƿǳļ
̵ְǻ֪ģǶĶˮ˵ЩΨһı׼
Ȼ֮ǰƱɽΪʱһԼĸЩνĸҲΪĹϵ
Ҫ֪ŻƱɽԵõһЩôЩôǲϵĽġ
ˮһСţڲȡһЩԴĻǻôأ
ΪʲôſˮܹţΪԴˮΪḻ
ڣſͻȻ֮ó˶Ļ鵤һѪӿĸо
Ż鵤ǿܻõ
ƱɽſɵӣǳųϣʲôѾλָⲻǳĸ
ȥƱɽһŭݣЦܹܲ
֪ƱɽĿľΪӣ
ſɿŻƱɽֵˣȻ֪׷ʲô飬ǵҵԸͿء
ˣųϣһ飬ҵ֮λȻˣƱɽ
ˣҸһĶԼ
ſҲǵ˵ʵҲ֪ƱɽӦʲôԣ
ĪǱȺ˸вˣϾˮڲһƺЩ㲻ϵСš
ȥɣ׿˿Ʊɽ΢΢һ
ǰ⡭
ƱɽϹڳһЩΪѵӣ˿Ÿоһǳڰ顣
ǰҡҿǡ
Ϊ˿̵ɫǳѿ¶ҪƱɽƴһƴû뵽ʱƱɽȻԼôһ֡
ʵϵû뵽ſɾȻ˴ֱʣ
Ż鵤ʲô
˵ÿŻ鵤൱ˮѹ׵Ķˡ
ΪεҲ֪Ψһܹ֤ԼĵλĶǾԴ
һԵҲǵǰҿ˰ɣÿŻ鵤Ҳ̫һЩ
鵤ߵĵҩƺ̫΢΢һЦ
ǰֺαظһأÿŻ鵤Ҳ̫ˣ线̵
˵ʵ滹ûмˣ
νĻƱɽˣȻһЩ棬ǵ漸ʯѾһˡ
ҲΪʲôſó鵤ͨĵҩʱ򣬻ĵһˡ
ҲЩп˵Ż鵤ܹˮڵĵ˵ļˮҲ˰
ǰ֪Դȵѷ鵤ΪֱĵҩǼ۸ҲˮǴߵģ线Ҳǽ͵
⻯鵤添ʯһţ׻Ƕֻĵҩû̫˽⣬ʵ
һԵֵֵҩڷǿʮöʯһţҷǳĳ
ʮöʯ׻ΪⵤҩôֵǮأû뵽ʮöʯһš
ǰʮöʯǿǶʮöʯҲ̾һ
ôˣ׿ʵ
线׾㵵˵ˣŵĵһҲŶʮöʯ
̾һǰʮöʯ˵ȷǱˣɶЩͨĵ˵ѾǷǳĶˡ
ҲǵͷˮڲŴɣڼз֣֮ǰ
׵ͷ׼˵ʱǸſѾԵЩͷˡ
׵ЦһֵģҿûйĥĥģϽġ
ǣżͷ˰׵ȻһЦ
ĳǰ˹ȥܶ˲ʶ׵˭ԵҲ۷׷ף
ϣ׸ųܹƴһƴǲŻõĺôԴ
ѾǲԿˣ˭ĺô࣬Ǿ˭ģ
ſɸŻ鵤ںܶӵУѾϵ¸ڱˡ
ǶҲʲôϣˣ׳ǰʱ򣬵Ҳ
ſɿֵģҵҪôӮҵġ
ŭˣ׵ŭˣ
õʦû뵽һС˵Ŀ𣬶ھȻҪԼƴʵ
ſѹ׵ĶвٵģôĻ鵤һҲǸоЩԲ
Ϊ׶ˣΪ¶ػƱɽ֮λҲǲܲˣ
׿ŵµ΢΢һЦûʲô˵ġ
˵֮׶˶٣һЩըˣ
һʧˣǸ鳰һΪǸţˣû뵽
ɲզΣҲΪһţأȻֱӳʧˡ
ˣõŻ鵤Ѿ׬ˡ
ǰָǴҵ˰ֱǲ׵ˣ
һըſɿѾ¶ЦʱѾ˺ܶ೰ֵļһˡ




1588
 

ֺ˵ĻҲһı
ʲô
ԭΪôţ϶б
һ俪ھһƣʲôûʲô˵ģ
˰
˿̼һԵ纶оһƣȻĻ翪ʼʱͲҪſɶأ
վ֮λԱߵЩ˸оһ̧ͷ
ֿ׳ǰǡ
װڰ֣ʾֲҪ˵һԵ纸׼˵䣬ɿҲǱԼͣ
ſɿ׹һЦȻˣǲ˵ʲô͵ʲô
ʲô׿ſɳʵ
ԭҪ˵ģſҲ̫סˣԾͿһﵽô˵ˣ
ſɿЦλˮڵֵǣղֵļһҴģ˵ƾҴãȻˣҾ㵱ȫ˵棬ѧУѧΪֹ
һ޼ɵЦݣһԵĻƱɽ¶һ˿Цݣ
ʯƿѾˣѾǱɰһɫȻ¶һ˿ЦݣȻЦݷǳѿ
ǾųΪԼˣжĿˣ
ѧУѧΪֹⲻ΢΢һЦ
ȥһǲǷ˰ųѧУȻⲻ
ǰûʵҵˮװ棬Ҳ֪һﵽôģ
أҸųˣʲô³˼ҿǷ罣ڶҪ˰
ָһˣûûƤܲˣ
׵ĻһεըˣҪҪƤ
ҪЩΪԼܹ֣ɱҲϧ
ǰˣղôţģھȻѧжǸ⣡
ˮڵĵӸоһĳЦҲ̫ɶˣ
ſɿ׵˵Ȼ˵ĻͿʼɣҿɵıء
׿ſֺǺǵ˵ż
㾹ȻˣƤſɫһ
׸ſɣǶǰˮڵӳֳΪˮÿһλӿɻһǧʯ
ž
һ˲䣬㳡ƺһֹİ֮У
ܶ˵ĿⶼѾǼ׵ϣһԵֵҲĿɿڴĿף
һǧʯʲô
ȻҲ֪Ҫ֪ղſóŻ鵤гҲʮöʯѣ
Ż鵤ļֵҲǶʮʯһӾóһǧʯҲ̫һЩɣ
һǧʯôܣ
ſɿףɫ৵һ²ҰޱȣܿǺ
ţһܹõóһǧʯ
Ҫ֪ˮȻ࣬Ҳǧ˰
ǧˣһһǧʯҲʯΪ˵һóʯⲻǳô
˵𣿡
ʱһһЩĵѾ˳׳ʵ
׿˿λӣȻѾǶһűڤеʯ
ſɿ׵ӣŭһóһʯܹʯˣλˮڵĵǣҪһĵ
֡׿һſһ֮ڵ
ǰҡ
ִ˿ҲһĽ֮ɫλǰνѪ˰
ǴţĻôˮʷţһˡ
ղˮڵʱ򣬿ƺһеķֵꣿ׿ֳʵ
ǰǡǲеķֺţһСӶѣһСƹߣҶҲǺܶ࡭
ʼ磬ˮĵطҲֻܹŪһ
еһСݵ㣬Ҳˮڵȥ˼Źġ
˵Ǳ߿ǴеĻˮҲֻܹһȽȱС꣡
ţǸ̺˭ҵģ׿ּʵ
ǶеһСݵѡֿ׳
ʯӦǿͨõİɣ
׿ЦʵʵЩԭΪʯֻڱڤá
ϾⶫǱڤе˸ģɺ˵ⶫǱڤпã񼸴е˶ţ
ڸȻ˵ôĵģǲ붫ƹ֪ˣ
ſɴҲһΪһСС֮λȻԸ⻨ôʯ
Ҫ֪ʯǿһ޶ĿʯԼúء
ſɾã׵һӶѣ
ղûһﵹԼⶫеСݵ㲻
ֻҪλƹ񺰹ֱӾͿԴһˣ




1589ţĹ
 

ԭȴųЦ׵λˮڵĵӣ˿Ҳ¶ʲôˡ
Ҫ˼ܹóһǧʯĻǼֱһĴڣ
ſɲó˶ʮʯȳ룬˼ҿѹ
ЩʵܹóһǧʯԼǵһǧʯǾ˰
ŵӣҲҪʮĻ۲ܹóһǧʯİ
纾ôĿףоԼĶ䶼Ѿǳˡ
һǧʯǰǲǷ˰
ˮΪڵĵӣɼһҲʮʯĽѡ
ںܶӵѾٮٮˣҪ֪²ĵһʯ
Ҳ˵ںܶˮڵŵ˵һǧʯ׬ˡ
ܶ˴˿ǳļǺǼٵģϣġ
ìҲ֪ôݲźã
ûʧ̬Ƕ֪Ӧȥ֧˭ˣ
ȥ붫еĶۣȻˮֻһСţⶫȴǶˡ
ĵλˮҲǷǳĸߵģֻǿһССĵѡ
ⶫÿСҲ̵ܹٵĺô
ԣ붫۹ʱҲûκεԥ
Ȼ֪׷ʲô飬ֻ֪ҪˮںԼµĻǱȻʲôôġ
ϲ̵ĳˮڹ㳡λ˹ȥղҲˮڵĽԭҪ׷ʲôأ
ѾˣҲʡȥ̽鵽׷ʲôˡ
ƹ񡭡
һ۹ˣҲǲҵӭȥ
Ȼƺ岻ôԸȴ֪ⶫ˲ܹﰡ
οҲ֪׸嵽жìܡ
ۿ˿΢΢һЦڸЩӲ˰ɣ
ƹ񣬽ǡһҪ
ֿ˿ףɫ΢ʱҲЩ֪ô˵ˡ
ۿ˿ֹһЦҸڸĹϵȻܰľ˰ڸ˵
֪ƹ֪֪ʯ
ʵ֪ⶫô֪ܲʯأԼûмʯ
һ㶣漴һֵ˵ڸеô֪ܲʯأ΢һжʯһ϶ͨõģ
ͺͺáҲһ
˵ڸ㺰ҹΪ֪֪ʯİɣһƣΪֺԼҪʲôء
ڿûκεĴ£ΪԼ֪֪ʯⲻǳô
ſɿŶ۳ƹһ˴Բѵ˵Ҫÿλӷһǧʯء
ʲôļٵİˮʲôʱô˰Ҳһ
ˮǸʲôˣ
ÿкܶˮڵӶᵽɹҩˮô꣬ûһεӳһǧʯġ
ȻϢҲһãȻĿſɣ
Ҫ֪ˮǮˣ¾ҪſųĪˡ
ģƹ񡭡
ſ˵Ϳʼ˽飬һԵĶЩ
˿ѾǰĿⶼ׵ϣҲҪ˵˭
һﾹȻҪ˵ÿ˶һǧʯ۵һ뵽ľ˵ĿһʯǸСˣ
¶һ˿Цݵʦ֡
ǣƹǰɣȻѾˣҲͲ˵ʲôˣȥȡİʯ
׽Լʯݸ˶ۣҲǻһ
İʯⰡ
֪ʦֺźɣ⡭ƺӦǱڤеĿɣ۶׵Ŀʵ
׳
ʦֵſҲ²ĲĻӦǱڤеĹɣһǧʯǲܰ
ۿеĿʵѾһƬ֮ɫ
ССˮڣû뵽أ
ҡҡͷҲ֪Ҫʯûɣ
ûû⣬ʦּȻйֻҪһǧʯ˶ǿԵģ̵
ܹӵĿˣʯ˼˵ֱСһ
ͳſҲֹ۰
ԶһӾжǰ˾ǵ֮
ˣһǧʯƹ㡭ûɡ
ſŵЩɫҰףڤеĹһǧʯ첻Ŀ
ߣſɵĶͷ亹ܡ
ԭָŶ۹ܹһƺȴԼ
Ŷ۵ĿһƺӵмʯӦõһ
ųϣʦֶģûʸ񣡣˶Ⱦһǧʯ۶ſЦһȻ׵ʦ֣⿨治֪жٵʯ
˿̣Щˮڵĵ˶۵仰˶
ǻ֪羹Ȼֺö
һǧʯܹˣһĺȻ
۵ҲѾǲϵתˣƺڴ׵⣬ֻ˲֪Щʲô
ſһ̱ڵϣѾûעһˣ
߿ܣ
ſһǳ׵׵ˣ۶ô˵ˣˮڵĵھͲڵɽХӭֳΪˡ
һǧʯ˵϶ֳһĨ֮ɫ




1590ʯ
 

ˮڣ
ۿף֪ܹõóĿ϶ȱʯ
Ҫ֪˵жٵʯأ
ڤеĹܹӵȲƸ˵ʲôӵܣ
ڶۿ϶Ҫõ֣Ȼ׵̬Щ̲ȥһס
װڰֵҲ֪
ĸһըˣԼжٵʯȻ֪
԰
ʵ̫ˣ
ЩÿһʯָͷŵģȻ俴һԼжʯ֪ˣܲأ
ʦǻῪЦ
ҲǸоһƣΪеˣҲǼġ
ɿǰףǸо̫ţһЩ
΢΢һЦҿ԰ʦֿһģ˳ȡһЩʯ
Ȼ߿һС꣬ɼʯõĳġ
Ҫ֪С꣬ǵʽҲҵģڼóİҲǿԵġ
۵һרˢĶȻԼġ
̽鵽жٵʯҲӻ߿۳ʯ
׽ݸ˶ۣЦŵȻ˵Ļȡһ°ɡ
õģʦ֡
ۼ˵ִͻȻҪġ
ù׵Ź̿ʼһϵеĲܿϵǿ鷽ʯͷѾһ⣡
ȥ
۶һʯʱ°Ͷ쾪ˡ
ʯҲ̫˰ɣ
ʵʯ֮ǰǲֹôģԼһЩҲͲôˡ
ΪҪõĻԼһʯ
ʯκߵп¶һˣ
ƹôˣ
ֿŶ۵ɫֱ䣬ҲЩʵ
Ȼаˡˡʯ
˵ЩˣʯʲôȻ˵ӵŲ°ʯʲһ尡
ǰϾȻŰڵʯʲô
ҵ찡ûɣʯ
ļٵİ⡭绹ôǮİ
һҲ˰ɣѲλǰǡ
ǸղŻΪ˼òʯڿǸЦ
ʯôⱲҲûмôţ˰
˲ըˣʯһΪ𺳵ֳ֮˶ˡ
˴˿̿ףѾǴſȣ
Ҫ֧ˮڵĻγˮڷչأ
纸Ů˻࿴һۣ˶оһֲ˼顣
ʯ
ƽĺˮȥһʯͷֱֳ˴󶯾ˡ
׿Ŷ۳ɣȥÿ˷һǧʯˡ
֡ʦ֣ҡһãһã
ɵˣڻϿȷǣǰ˿϶һţˡ
ֻԼ֪ѣǷǳڴ֪˵ݡ
ſɳ׵ȦˣһԵĻƱɽҲŵӶɳˡ
ʯ˵˭
εľǷ罣ڵܹǰһ뵽罣ڵˣܹԼܹǰʯõ֡
ֱһҹ
ݼˣ
£֪˭ͻȻ¹򣬺ܿһˮڵĵѾȫ£
һǧʯѾǳ׵ĳǵӾ漴İʯǽ߻أ
ǵǱֵʱˣеˮڵĸԸĹˡ
еǹӼ֪ˣÿûϣʱλǰܹ޵ϣ
һΪҪſɵʱʯѾ˱ˡ
ȻҲ֪һ罣ںͶ˵Ļʱ򻹲֪Ӧôճأ
һ̣Լˬǳˬ
Ʊɽɫ쳣ѿȻ䣬ԶһӰǵķ򼲳۶˼ˣ
һŰϢǵصĳˮкһ㣡
罣ڵ
ָҪ׼˵һЩɿЩӰĵҲʶĺ
ҪģûǸ˼أѾʼתˡ
ӭ
֮ʣƱɽѾǵһ˳ŷ罣컳ȵķݶȥ
ǽͷݣıߴһıߵ
ղŸ׻ôĿλͣһ罣ڵˣһһˣ
ղ˭նɱҷ罣֮ˣվ
컳ȣ罣˿ִɨ·




1591ûʸ֪˭
 

컳ȣ罣
ڸոգŸ߲ٿ֮ʱȴԼĶӻŻŵĴ˻
ԼĶ˵Լˮǿߣҷ罣һ˵Ϥնɱ߿֪ˡ
컳һС΢ˣڶĵϣȻ˸ҵնɱ罣ڵˣǶԶһƣ
˭֪罣ǶͷСܣ
컳ԭ׼ֱӱɱһ뵽˾ȻˮڵĵնɱԼӵܣѾЩˡ
컳ȥ屨ţԼǵȴһŹ
ΪľǷֹķֻҪĸֳ֣ʱ򼴱ǿг֣ҲԴӦˡ
ˮЩ룬Ϊ˷ֹܣ컳Ҳǲòǰˡ
˿̣Ѿָףϵ컳ִУһҪɱӣ
ˮڵ˿컳ȵͻȻҲŵɫֱ䣡
Ʊɽ㣬ǲնɱҷ罣֮ˣ
Ҫ֪컳ȿǷ罣Ψһһλ龳ĸ֣ҲΪʲô罣ܹڶĵϳΪͷСܵһԭ
ֻƮҡ컳ȲŻ˵СĽҪǻɼǰĻɱˡ
ҡǱƵģҪЮóˮ֮λ
ƱɽһѱһĿʼԼıңղֱϥȣڵĻƱɽѾǽ˵ʮˡ
ߣǺˣ
컳ѾƱɽǱ߸Թһ߶߶ˣǺĿֱָף
֪˭Ǻǣ㻹ûʸ񣡡΢΢һЦ

ʵ̫ˣ
÷罣ڵһﾹȻ˵Լûʸ֪˭
Լ˵ĻˣҲᳬٰɣ
컳ȵɫԸӵǴҪҷ罣ڹȥˣ
Ǻǣ˵ˣûʸ񣡣öɡ΢΢Ц
󵨿ͽ峤Ҳܼ𣿡
컳ȵԱߣһ׷߶ŭһֻȻܴ󣬿ȴǰһ
˱Ƿ罣ڵĸҲǷ罣Ψһһ컳пͻ龳ǿΰ
ֺѾŵò֨ˣǰ̫ˣ
ԭΪǿŻôţڿ컳ȳǿվߣ˼ҾȻҲôţҲǷˣ
ڸһλᣬǺźɣ򣬱ֱˣ
컳ȵ΢УʵҪˣܾЩŹ֣
Է罣˶ĸ֣Ȼܹ˵ĵǸɵӣҲ̫ˣ
ˣ˷ʲôҿֱնɱǣΰ컳ȳ
˿ûǰ˼Ͼ˭Ҳɵӣһܹڶ̶̵ļ֮նɱ罣ôĸ֣ʵȻҲ
ҪΪնɱĻȵĻ´˿ѾǴˡ
ˮڵЩǣһĿɿڴĿһУ
Ҫ֪罣ǵУǾ·һĴڣ
֮ǰǿ׵ʱЩ˻ԴȻǿֲİʯ׵ĸıЩ˵Ŀ
ǿҲͣǮϣ
񿴵׾Ȼŭ罣ܶ˶ѾǸоһĲʵĸоˡ
ڷ罣ڵĵϣ罣ڵŸɣоϵԼ
ţɱҵӣɱĻԺԷ罣ڰ
˿̺޲öװƤôûжôء
ԼŮ˱ˣԼҲǻˣ
һ뵽ĪһҪɱ˵ĳ嶯
񿴵ԼϵȻһĥĥĲ֣ҲЩˣ

컳ԼӵĻԥһǺһԵΰ
ΰ컳ȳˣҿͲýʲôˣֱȺ֮һ±ǡ
÷罣ڵĸȻԼĵҪȺŹǵ
ֱ˶Ѽˣ
컳ȶˣΰʵ֮ҲҸ׵˲ģ
˭ΰǳ֮ʵǿأ컳Ҳûа취ֻܹΰ̽һˡ
׿ҰһǺǣҿǲҪ˷ʱˣҪȻһĿɲǣ
ţ
Ҳ̫˰
ɱţɱ컳ȿ˵
ΰһᣬԼеķɽѾ˳
˲䣬ˮڵĹ㳡֮ǰѾÿһĵ̣
ֵ˽ĿǰһУƺ˵һ̾Ҫʼˡ
ǲ֪ǣһĻĻⱲӶˡ




1592ף
 

ˮڹ㳡
˵Ŀⶼۼ׵ϣʵǲ֪һﵽǴʲôطðģ
һˣȻҵ罣ڣǺεȵǰ
һԵĻƱɽҲЩһˣͷȻô
ĻŵҲ˵أ
ΰĶͷһ˿˿ϸʵǳǿ֮ȴŲѣ
ѡģв徳ĸ֣
ȻЩԼҲնɱɾûôɡ
ȥ˵ֱǿвһ㣬ûмӵʱЩѾǱն䡣
ΰоֲǣ˵Լ˸ûκεķ֮
ʲôΰΪһȻ֪ġ
ڹ£ҷ罣ڵĳͷ㻹л·ΰףջ˵һȽйĻ
Ǹʲô·˼óΰĽˡ
ʵŵҲֹΰһ컳вΰö١
ҲܵôòŹˣҪ׵˵ĻĻȵ˹ˣ
ˣ׿ΰ¶һ˿Цݡ
˭˭ˣԲѣΰһڿƾҪֵģ
ǣ㻹ҵĶ֣죬Ȼֺαضزأ
׵Ȼˮڵĳɽ忴˹ȥ
׵Ļ˼ǳ׵ķ˹ȥ
ɵ˳׵ķ򿴹ȥʱȴɽ֮ƺӰҲ
ߣװŪ
컳ȳɽǱ߿һ֮ˣҲŭһоԼСӸˣˣ
ôԹأΪ峤ΪһСܳͷأ
컳ȸоԼҲЩɵˣȻһĻ
׵ôԶգҲǲòСװĹ
ʱСӾȻҸԼ·
ʵ컳Ȳ֪ǣˣһһ˹ģ
罣ڵĵڶ߲ʱ
ˮڵĵ̲ɱ罣λ֮󣬶Ҳһŭա
žžĴ
ԼҵĵϣȻ˸ҶԼС֣ܶǻˡ
첻ľ͹ˣ꣬ҲƵĺܣ
̫幬ֱ㶵ĴǸطȻûκεİ취
ҪԼĴ磬ԼԾ̫幬ֵĻҪ
ֻǵˮڵʱˣ
Ϊոսˮڵһ̣оԼѾǱ˸ˡ
ף
˿гӶˣôҲû뵽Լ߸ո׼Ծ̫幬֣СӾȻ͹ˡ
Ҫ֪һһ㰡
ܣ
Ѿܲˣ˿̵ĶҲǳף
˸컳ȵȴ֪Ѿˡ
峤겻ѧᵱͷڹˣĵ̣ƺЩʧŷ緶ɣ
׸˵һ㣬ûôĽţ
컳ȴ˿ŭоԼˣ
û뵽һﾹȻԼ˵ԹԵǱһ˳˫ɣӶһĲȻǱˡ
˵˭Ǳ˰
ǰ峤ôأ峤ʲôݣ
Ҳ˵˼ҿаʯģû׼ʶ峤أ
ɣʯǿǴ֣˼Ҷ峤ҲСһ
԰Ҿ˾װŪɣҪǼŭ컳ĻǳԲ˶ˣ
µһ˿ǱҲЩˣ
ȻͦҪͦ׵ģһΪҲ̫ŹһЩ
һߣ
线Լĸ׺ҲЩüִڸɶذ
Ƕ峤˰ɣֿҲһ纵纶֪λǰʲôͷ
ҡҲ֪֪ʵǿ̵
ʵǿҲ֪ʵǿô
ֶĿǰоһľһֱĸо
线ִֵ֪ʵ컳ǿ
ʲô纶˵ļٵİһ龳ǿˣ
ôĳǿЩֹ
ģҲ֪ô˵ִһƺҲǹҪҶ鷳ģҾͲ֪ˡ
ʵҲһͷˮأ˭֪׵Ǹʲôģ
ʵ֪˻Ǻܶģ֪ٶôˣ
ɾ˵֮ʣȻ䲻֪˭̾һԶɽ֮۾ȻһƮݵİӰ




1593¹ȻǶ峤
 

˿̣
ˮĳɽۣ֮һӰֶ
ۿȥ񣬺촽ݰףһ˫ǰ͸һϵĹâ
˲ǱˣպĴ֮һĶƶ߶졣
˵ʵڳ֮˳ܹʶ֮⣬ܶ˲֪˵˭
Ҫ֪ݼΪûˮڣ
ƱɽֵҲȥμӶһЩŻԶԶĿλǿߣ
峤
컳ȿǵӰѾǾղûпκǣڶ쾹Ȼĳߣ
ʶģ컳ȳ󲻶ϵȥΪ˿̲ŷԼǰλֵļһ಻һĴ
컳Ǿ֮̾Ѿըˣ
죬λľ쵼ߣڳˮСС֮УЩѾǳ׵ķˣ
ɣǶ峤⡭ôأ
ǡǸ϶ʶ峤ģҪȻҲô˵
λǰ˭أղһΪλǰʧķأû뵽ȻǶ峤ٰ
ˣ쿴кϷ˰һǵһμĴﰡ
еˮڵӶˣôҲû뵽һֱײβĶ峤Ȼˮڣ
û뵽ǣȻ컳ȶûзֶټȻλǰˣ
Ҫ֪ʵ쵱Ĵڰ
˵ĿѾǾۼ˶˵ϣٲȻΪ˳еĽ㣡
ˣ˭
ΰлֱͨͨг˺¡
ڸղһΪǸɵӣȻſǱ˵
ɽ֮ûˣһﻹǱװŪһ̵Ӱʱ򣬲ûһƨڵˡ
컳Ҳʿˮ˭˭֪أ
￴컳ȳһһˣû뵽峤Ȼǰ
һȥ
컳ȴ˿̿Լӣ޲һͱ
ΪڲŷԼӵˣ罣ڶﲻġ
˼ָյҪҶ峤һεˣӣ
ҿ峤ֵļʱҪȻ罣ڽͻ֮ˡ
΢죡
İ΢Ĵ֮£ҲǰƮƮ
˿̣ӰҲʧɽۣ֮ܿˮڵĹ㳡ǰ

˺ܿÿһӰ˵Ѿ˶һֶĤݵĸоˡ
ֻ˶²͸λ峤˿һʲô顣
쳯ǰ˹ȥһֱĶףÿһΧ֮˸ܵƺһǿѹȡ
ֺ˶ʿˮһԵЩʵ⡭Ǵ˵еĶ峤
ҡûм΢΢ҡͷӦþˣ
΢΢һ̾ʦ֡纶Ƕ峤궫峤ʮٵʱҲԶԶļһ档
ǡִΣˣ纲û̫ǵף
Ҫ֪еźͼ֮УǼ޵һĴڡ
ĵʵ̫飬Ѿûκεĵˡ
ֿ纵䡭ȻҲϣɡɿǰĲһǶ峤Ķ֣һ򲽽ǰӮ˶峤һаʽϾǶĵ̰
ûпѰȼһ˿ϣʵ
ΪղŴ˵ĶԻƺӦʶİ
޿ܣѵĻǰôܵնɱ罣ڵأҪ֪罣ڿǶĵϵŰ
ֵһ仰ǳ׵Ľһ˿ϣˣ
̾һ治֪Ϊʲôǰô벻ҪҶ鷳Ҳһǰɣ⡭
΢΢ҡͷǰ˼ҵȿԴĦģɣܹ˽Ŀ峤Ѿ޺˰
线Ŷ׺ͶĿԣҲǼִ磬㡭ܣ
˵ķ𣿡
컳һ纾ȻҪܣҲһһѾ纵ķɱȥ
䣡
컳ȵҪ֮ʣһ޵ĴѾס컳ȵơ
ԣһ޴ڿΧѾǳˡ
峤ǡ컳ԭΪ׳֣û뵽ֹľȻǶ죡
쳯컳ȵһ£
ǣ峤
컳ȵдһ˿ĲʣʵҲǿ˶ĵڲŸҳֵġ
쿴ףҲһ
һƵӣҲ˵ݹ٣Ҷ԰




1594ºɫź
 

ԣ
Ȼ⻰ôΥģȴо˶һ˿Σ
ܹöεˣǻûм
컳ȶ֪ΪʲôղŶͻȻֹԼǸСŮ޶֣
ƺһЩǰ˵ͷҲĴ󰡡
峤ɲ갡װ뿪ЦĿŶ죬˿Զʲô֮ɫ
ɽһҲǷɰֻͻȻܵҶĵɱˣǲ̫һЩ
ıˣ˶ڲ²ǰ˵˭
Ϊʲô峤Ȼܹ˵ĵݣ
Цŵ峤ӭңһεĽѵ峤Ѿˡ
ǹ鷳ˣΪǶ㲻ɣгһ˿˿㡣
˵ʵЩˣ
̫幬ʵ̫ˣָ̫֮ڣʵĪ
ȻҪ̫幬ɿͻȻţҲǺ°
Ϊһ׼ûУ˼ҾѾˡ
ղŶΪʲôڹ۲׵״˶Ƕߣ
۲һʱ䣬ָûˣˣ
ʱһ֣Լܶûа취ˡ
ղ컳ȶҪնɱǸŮӣĸֹˡ
˵κһ˶Ҫնɱˣ֪ܹ̫Ľڣ
ң㵱ȻˣҪȻҲڶҪ߼޻ˣ
׵дһֵȻȴɱȻ
㡭տƾ
һȥŶ೤ʱ䣿û뵽׾Ȼ֪ˣ
һﲻδ֪ɣҲǵɴ۾ף˵һ˿Ķˡ
һǹµİ
տƾߡ
һ˵䣬һΪӰѾǳ˵ĸǰ
᱾գ
Ѿļһһ̣ŶҲŭĿԲ
ҪΪһգ᱾ձڷ᱾ĺúõģأֱǲ˲
ңоԼѾԶˣ
ףΪҸ˹ܹݺ𣿡쿴ŷ᱾Ҳסˡ
һô׵ϣǿ׽鰡
˿̵Ķ֮ѾһƬоһսǱⲻˡ
лں޲ֳ֮һָ
ݣ
䣡
һɫĹձȥһ޴̻ڿţ
Ƕźţɫ߼źţ
֪ƾʵҪսʤףѾǲܵˣΨһпܵľĸף
ֻǰΨһס׵Ļˡ
һ˺ʱ¾̫幬ѹ嵽ǸʱΣˡ
峤Ѿˡ׵˵
Ǻɫźţ֪ѾǻˣҲνʡȥһˡ
֪źţ컳ȵͬһöĶ
ǶеźŵҲֻжڲ֪źŵá
컳ȵϲһɫźŵ˿ֶ̿ûУֱӾͷ˺ɫźŵ׵±ˣ
ɫźţǿ߼źŰ
˵ʱ̵ĻԲᷢźš
ǶԼΣ֮УҲܷɫźţҲǸɫźš
һ컳ȵб˭ҲΪˣų׵ľˡ
峤⡭ǺɫźŰ
컳ȿŶ죬һãɫźζʲôΪ罣ڵ̫ˡ
컳ȣһֱĶס
˵ԼѾˣ֮λ޴ǣĵҪҶ忪սˣ
ǣһССĶһûзڱȻҶ˲֮£ԩͷ
׿ŶЦһдһ˿֮ɫ
ⶫ컹ǻװӰ֪һԼôǵ㣡
ҪܹնɱԼĻԼѾǻˣ
ȥ⡭ʲô˭ôţƣ
ССĶ壿˵ʵôһôţ
ҵθԹԣԭΪ峤Ѿţˣƺһȶ峤ţˣ֪˭
˭ҲҪ֪˭Ҹ峤ô˵ģƺҲûм˰ɣ
׵Ļ׵ըˣ˶ڵĲ²ǰһУ
һԵĻƱɽѾﲻ˵ˣΪǺȻ䷢ЩԾˡ
ֵ˿׸˵ĶԻǸһͷˮǰ˭
Ժ֮жһɻ󣬻ǵȴľǴ𰸽һ̰ɣ
һԵ线׸ĶԻѪҺƺڼӿ죬ţȻԺ֮ҲһŽ




1595˵
 

˿ɫĿ£
׶һֳıӰҲ֪˼ʸ
̫幬ͷһʱ޶
ȳҲҪâ򶫷Ҳ϶ˣ
ֻû뵽׾Ȼ׷ĵû뵽ֵô磡
·꣡
ɴҲһı֪һս⣡
ֻ¹˭ֻδ֪
Ҫֳһˣ
峤Ǹˣ˾һߣҾһɣ㶫ڱڮڣǽˣ
׵˵ʵնɱ罣ڵЩ˿ʼעܹˡ
ҸղѾ˵ˣ֮λ޴ǣ̫幬θҲ̫һ㣬ҪҶ壬͵ÿûˣ
Ҳ֪ڸںԺѾûκεıҪˡ
᱾յһ̣Ѿ֪Ľˡ
ҲôᶨĽɫźŷȥ
Ҫ֪ǺɫźſΣʱ̣ܹʹõġ
ղŶ峤˵ɶ̫幬Ǹ˵еľ̫幬ɣ
ȥ˵λǰôţأ˼Ǿ̫幬
ģΪ峤Ѿǹܴһӵˣû뵽쾹Ȼ˴е
ֲãֲãҸ峤ô˵ˣҲ˰ɣ
£һӾըˣ
̫幬ѾΪĴ棬Ǻܶ˿в෹̸ʣ
ֻˮС̫幬ʵǾ̫ңԶ
û뵽ڽ죬ǿ˾̫幬صʵǺܶ޷
̫幬ǿǸ̫ڵĳŰ
˴˿̿׵ĿѾǱ쳣𾴡
磬һǿʳ磬ǿÿ˵ϰߡ
һߣ
罣ڵ컳ȺһԵΰѾŵú󱳷
ڡˣǡǾ̫幬ļٵİΰоԼ˵ġ
ҪǸղһ嶯ͳȥĻԼʬ¶Ҳˡ
컳һ뵽ղŵҪ˼ҵѣҲһĶ񺮣ҿ峤ֹˡ
罣ڱ𣬿¾ǵָһӼˡ
̫ڣҲǷַӾͱ˵ţ罣ڸ̫ȣֹһ𰡣
һ뵽ߣ컳ȵĭ̲סڣ˸Ĺâ
˿Ҳŵֱ£ǵ㱳Թᰡ
ĳȥװ棬û뵽˴֮еľ̫幬˵ȥ¶ûŰ
˿̣Ψһо˵Ŀ¾Լˣ
罣ڵ˶оһѹƺǸܵΪʲô峤ţȻôǰ֮˵ˡ
̫幬ǿɱһĴڰ
ҡҿǻ߰ɡ
ߣǣûߵ𣿣컳Ц֪ǵѾԼˡ
ŵæ̫幬𰡣
ҵȻ֪ﲻ𣬿Ҳ峤Ѿû·ˣǻʲô·𣿡
컳ȵ֮ûκεս⣬֪ǵֻܹڶС
һУֻܹˣ
ˮڹ㳡ĸ̨֮ϣƱɽӺûһϲ
ôҲû뵽ǰ֮˾Ȼ糬ž̫幬
֪ˣоԼ˫ѾֹסĴˣҪǸղԼôȥ˵
˿ܹǽͷݣ˭ʤʱ͸˭
ѾûκεĻˣղΨһĻᱻԼ˷ˡ
ԭΪʤǰ϶飬Ϳôʰһˣ
һбòͬˣ
ƱɽĬһԵֺѾ𾪵°ͶҪˡ
֡ǰǾ̫幬ҵ찡ҾȻǰСѣ˵ȥ¶ûŰɡ
һ뵽֮ǰԼСѵģֶǸоһĺ£
ҲʿˮһֱΪִǵûû뵽Ȼô
˿̵Ҳˣ֮ǰ׽ʱصġ
֪˼ҵ֮оԼҸطȥˡ
¶һ˿Цݵû뵽ǰȻݣ˵ҲǺ£ǻȥϣƺԽԽˡ
ֹǴ󰡣ʦ֣ǲ֪̫幬жţֳ
纶˵һЩ̵֣纶ֻ֪Ƥëк֪ܶҸ˵
ָʼ˵˾̫幬֮·Ѿʲôˡ
ֻ纱ϾֻһųСӣкܶණ֪Ǻġ
ɼֻ֪ЩѾ㹻ˡ
Զ׸ƺսһܶ˶Ѫȡ




1596̫ǿˣ
 

һ˵˵Ҳһı
̫幬ͷʵ̫ˣ׶оǳĳ
֪ԼԼĵ̣
Լô˵ĻԺôԼĵϻأ
֮ǰɽɣնɱҶһλ̫ϳϣһΪ㵥ǹƥܹ뿪Ҷ𣿡
ЦһܸоЩ֣
׾Ȼֻһһ˾Ҫ
ʵϣ컹ĵƵģĵƾĸ׶룡
Ϊ缸龳ڵǿߣ׵ʵױȡ
̫幬ǶȻһ֮սһ
Ȼĺܣ
׿Ŷ죬΢΢һЦ֮ǰɽɣƺû̵峤ĸУһοлˣ
ߣ㻹ΪҶ֮˻㲻ɣ
ڵһ£
Χ˲䱻һգһɼǿɫϢѾΧӿ
һ־ɱУ

Ƕ峬֮һӵżǿƻ
˿̣Ѿγһ޴У֮ƺ̲һɼΪۻ
ƴ
бۿŶķⶫô꣬ĵİ
ȷͦģؼ汸
ֻϧһΪ̬ף
ȭ
׵Ŀȳ˼֣һȭĹʵֻдﵽһļܹӳĹЧ
ڣҲֻܹӳ书һѣɼһԻˣ
֮УһɫϢ̿
·һɫ£ȭͷһ㣬ԣ
ȭһȭǧţһȭǺӣ
ȥɣ
ƺܵȭּµѹȸЩ
˲䣡
컯һɫӰ׵ķɱȥռ֮γһɫۼ
ռƺЩŤˣϽ𽻴޲ɷ
׿ŶķһЦ֮Ϊ֮һ䣬һ޴ĽɫȭӰѾǳŶķŭҶȥ
һнһ˲Ĺ˻
¡¡
֮Ϊ֮һǿϢѾںһ
ɫͽɫâѾܧû˵ĸй٣ȡ֮һ
ɫɫཻһ˲ĹϢһθԵķ룬ΧĴѾѳ˼룡
ǲϢ˸оҲһĿֲޱȣ
ۣ
ӰոնͣǱѾһѪˮԭɫ˿ҲԵ쳣ĲҰף
һغϣʤѾǳأ
żǿķԸղһһǿѾǱ˷ˡ
ⶫ컹ܹվߣ׵ĸǰѾһ漣ˡ
ⲻҲǶ໨ѵٻѵ飬ڵĶȻûȫʧȥսѾǴɱĸˣ
˰⡭Ǹ֮Ľ𣿡
ҵ谡߿Է𣿸ղһ˲оԼҪϢˣ
ǡǸҲ̫һɣ̫ǿˣ̫ǿ˰
˵ΪۼΪʵô仰ˣ̫幬Ҳֲ̫˰
һУһа峤Ŀе޵аģԺҵżˣ
ºܶ˿ʼˣһиУ
һУȭԾ˿ƺûþȫ
һбҲûκεĻ֮
ԭΪҪùˣǿսһĿеСѾǲϵ˸ˡ
罣ڵǰ˿Ѫһ̣Ƕˣ
ǿö峤Ȼ˼һ֮Уֱֲ̫ˡ
컳ȵ˴˿ҪѾӾܣ
˵ʵҲײЩΪѣĻ˿ǳ鳾ˣ
һ壬ĿֻһǾǶЩ֣
ֻҪЩˣȻͺðܶˣ
һߣ
纴˿̿ף˶һĪļ˷֮鼸ѹƵġ
ǿ̫ǿˣĿɿڴĿ׵ĳ֣ѾЩɵˡ
һԵֿҲǾ°һ˵֡Ҳ̫̬һЩɣ纶㡭զʶİ̫ţˣ
ʼҡ׽ʶġ
һ뵽Լʶ׵Ḷ́纶оһĶˣԼҲ˵
ԷİȻڹ㳡֮ϣһŮҲĳ顣
ֻԼҲ֪׵Ĳʵ̫̫ˡ




1597¶
 

ˮڣ
˭Ҳû뵽̫幬Ͷ֮սһ۵չ
⽫ˮʷһսֻںܶ˵鼫Ϊĸӡ
һˮǱū˺ܾõţһǿˡ
֧˭
׸ˮڵôʯⲻ֧Ҳûɵİɣ
ɶϾǸôõļ壬ƺ˭ʤ˭Ƕźôġ
ֻôһǾϵģһϵĶѣ
㳡֮ϣ
ڴڵĴŴ˵ʵһֱԼ֮Ĳô
֮ǰɽɣҪ׵߸ƣҪɱˡ
ԭΪģڿ˼һ˶ܹɱԼüˡ
ˣ
ԭΪԼԸ׺һʱ䣬ʱķ׵Լĸ׹նɱǸӵɣ
ڿԼûкķ˼ҶٵԼҪȥˡ
Ĺһӵĺ⣬ΪһҪˣ
ȿȿȣ
ҵĿԭӵ˲ð
˵ĿⶼǽĶǱߵĶ졣
ףûû뵽㾹Ȼô
ǿĳԼ壬ɼҲЩվˡ
׿Ŷ΢΢һЦе棬ҸǶƺԭûʲôìܰɣ
ߣףҰ̫ˣ
׹һֵҰ̫ˣѲΪģŲҰģ
ΪܹһͳΣɱңŲ綼̫幬ΪУ
쿴ŭһԲ㣬ȻղЩ̫ˡ
ǻͶˣ
׿˿죬ҲĨһ˿ɱ⣡
ˣעΪԼѣԺԼ뿪һ磬Ϊ׸
ԣ׿ã
һͳ磬ȻҲԼĿģ˵ˣˮػߣһͳȻӵķˡ
ţĻͦ죡
ԭҪ׼֣ʱоɼǿϢѾǳԼ˷
졭
һۻ쳹ЩԭΪ䶨һһεɤߣ
룬ƶˣҲһλĳǿߣ
ףˡ
쿴ǰλߣƺЩŲסһɫӰܿķס˶죡
񣬶ãҲݳлӣ
磬ôˡ
ݺݵĿһףȻתŶ˵
ɫź㷢ģ뵭Ŀһ۶죬ֲƺ
Ƕˣɶȴƺעһ㣡
쿴Ŷ룬״ˡ
ʾⶫ첻Ҫ˵˿׳Ǻˣ
һεĶֵͦ󰡣û뵽ǿ߶ˡײδش𶫷⣬΢΢Цһ
룬龳ڵǿߣȻǴģ
˵ô˵˰ˣ
״ˣɱ̫ϳϣóл뿪ҡ
ԼĸŭһЩһֱҪѰһﱨ
û뵽һﾹȻվ˶ĵϣö⼸ĿһӶйˡ
Ǹʲô̫幬ף
Զһ˿ɣֲԼӻᷢɫźţˣ
ǣҲ׿Ŷ΢΢һЦ
ƤӵĹͦģǲ֪ϵĹôˣ¶һ˿Цݡ
壬Գˣ
ԭЦݽɢȥȡ֮һᣬĳע˽ֻһܹ߳ȥ
׿һ϶Լ
ƾ㣿»ʸҵǰ˵Ļ
Цһ龳֮ޱȵǿڵ龳۷塣
ףСģԭҪһ¶룡
ڸղţоһޱǿоǰһʵҲ龳ڡ
ԭԼĸǰٷ֮ٵĵģɾ˸׵һս֮Ҳֻʣ˰ٷ֮ʮˡ
ٷ֮ʮûˣ
ˣ־Լ磬㻹峤һȥúÿһ
˵ĿⶼѾǼ˶ϣȻŶһλ֣ɺ֪λ־Ƕ룡
ŶʵûжҲдŶǿ߾Ƕ룡
û˼֣Ҳû֪ʵжôǿ
ֻΨһ뷨ǶλĶ峤ʵԲڶ֮£




1598ǿԾ
 

״ˣʵпҲﵽ龳ڰ
˿ҲǲܲˣһԼĸҪˣնɱĻͿ̨ˣ
ðűķգҲҪԼĸײҪа
Ȼȵ˵˻ʱ򣬶ɫҲǱֱ䣡
ĵʲô
ĵƾû֪ʵʵʵʵǳǿ
ԼĶӾȻԼ˺пҲһλ龳ǿߣôܵˣ
Ҫ֪ô꣬ҲŻ쵽ڵӡ
ǰëͷСӾȻҲԼͬʵ
ôأţһɼ֮Ȼ
˵ղԥҪҪ̫幬˺ĻѾƶ˾ˡ
Ҳ龳ڣ⡭ôܣ
뿴Ŷʵ
ֻǶһ仰׵ЩСըˡ
龳ڣ
ֻһ֮ңͿԴļ˰ʱɽٷͽǰˡ
龳ڣǡǸôİ
ǰ̥Ҳɣֲ̫˰
ֹ峤ĻԼҲ龳ڵǿ߰
ѽҴӽûмô𱬵ĳ氡ԺȥܴһӰ
µǰ˳׵ķˣλԶ֮Ķ
ǾܹĻأ
ôǳ׵Ҫըˡ
ղ׸ıƴ˼ʶ˸֮ıȶڻи͵ģ
λڵǿһսҲǼΪĺ
죬һϣˮڵ˸оԼ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪Ħ֮ıȶǽһĲƸ
˿̣纵ѾЩľˣһһЩĿϾӣ
߻Ƿ罣ǱߣǵĿⶼѾͶ䵽λǿߵĶˡ
ΪǾδ˵һս

һм׸Ĵս֮
һЦҪʵ̫Ҳûʲô˼ñһλ֮еľ̫幬ľֵʲôĲͬɣ
һ̤
ˮƺŻζ˶𾪵ĿŶ룡
̫ǿˣ
Ʊȸղ׵ƾȻҪǿ֣
һ̣ƺʤƽŶǱбȥ
׵ƵᣬŶʧģ
â
ǿԾһƺѾʼˣ
˵һϯԤʾһεĴսҪʼˡ
䣡
ţ˿ΧǱָһ㲻ϵʵԼľ֮У
ٶԽԽ죬ǹʼʵʻ
ɫɫ
ӦþǶĿҾѧˣⶫһȻҲͬ
֮˻ֻ֮ײӹǰת
֮ǰ첻ͬǣɫзǵû󣬶ǽСˡ
ۡѹ
ƺڷ֮ɫбѹԽԽСȻ֮ϡ
ǵɫȻ۳Ϊһɫ״֮˿˿֮ζ
һɻصɢһĺȻ
ݣ
ǿԭڶ֮ϵɫգ֮Ѿǳ׵ķȥ
͸һ˿֮ɫ
Ȼǿһȴö֮˳Ծͷˡ
ռ֮УһɫĹ켣գɸ˸оȵǣ׾Ȼ˿
ţ
һʵ̫ˣ
ɴ۾ףҲû뵽ʱȻѡ˲һֳӰ
ȥɣ
֮г˿ȵĸоȻ㲻Ǿ͵ɣ
һʵ̫ˣҪ֪Լ龳ڵǿߣһͬΪ龳ڵǿΣ
ǿʤһ֮䣡
һﾹȻԼĸǰװ棬Ȼǿѧɹʵ
һܹӲԼһ벻ţȻһҪʲôɲһȥأ
䣡䣡䣡
һĨɫ׵ĸǰ˲佫ܧû
ΪģΧһɹѵı֮
ȹҲǲڳֵˣֻƺڹ֮˺ܶࡣ
ߣһΪʲô֣ҲǸèȻһжӲס̫ʧˣ
¶һ˿ЦΪѾǳ׵ĸ֪׵Ĵڣ
һĻ纵Ǳһ㣡
һƺôˡ




1599纵ġס
 

ˮڵĹ㳡֮ϣ
ʱ˶ס˺ֳһƬž֮
ղһмŰ죬˸ųֵǿ
ڶĳBOSS룬ԾǿһҲڹʲôһʤ
ף˿Ѿʧ˵֮У

½Ŀʼɧ̫幬һףôˣ
ܶ˶ܹһʵΪǾȻһ춯صĴս
ڿⳡսƺѾĻˣ
׾ȻûУֱӾ͹ˣܶ΢΢ҡͷ
쿴Լ׵ӣҲǳ˼֮ɫ
״ˣӢ޵У
˿Ҳ֪ʲôԼĵļ֮顣
̫幬ǿѾǸ˼Ӱɾڸղһ̣ƺеӰѾɢˡ
뿴ԶյһƬҲ¶һ˿Цݵ죬˵龳ڣ
ҡҲû뵽һﾹȻǿиɣ
ʵ컹Щ֣Ȼ˵龳ںͺܴ󣬿ȴҲûдﵽ֮ûеĵزɣ
һԵĶŶŭ˵ôһˣʵ̫ˣ
СӵҲţСС;Ȼܹﵽ˵ĳɾͣҲϷְ
˵ĤݣһоԼƬصף
峤ҵ컳ȿһгأҲǳĺһ
˵ʵһֱΪ벻һ׵Ķ֡
ĽҲû뵽һǷԷθģ
о־ʰɣ
뿴컳ȣҲ˵˾̫幬õĵλﵽһʲôĳ̶ȣ
峤Ǽ˶׵ˡ컳ȿŶѯ
ɱ˱ǣ
Ʋһۣ㲻ڿ纵ǱߣЩ˲϶ѣ
ŶĻ纵Ҳɫһ䣡
ˣ˶û뵽飬һһ˵ĸǰ
ЩܲˣֺЩܲʵ
Ʊɽǰƣһεľ
ղŶû֮ǰ״̬ȣڵĻƱɽνѪĸо
Ʊɽ컳ȣµһᣬҴ⼸ˣһ塢罣һ
㣿컳ȶڻƱɽʵǺʧġ
Ʊɽ컳ȵ⼸ˮڵͽҪ˻Ż
ãȻҪᣬǾ͸ˣ컳
ƱɽСˣֱǽͷݣ
ֿŻƱɽҲ֪ԼӲȥһˣʱˣվҲ
٣ֻ֣ܹԼˣʲôڶ峤ĸǰƨ㲻ϣҪ峤
ƱɽʵҲǱ׸ˣһַй
ҲˣҲĶƨˡ
线ŻƱɽŭһƱɽԭҶ㾴мѣû뵽㾹ȻֱСˣ
ұСˣ纰纣㻹ǹ˰̫幬ɱͬ˵ö֮ƱɽЦһ
ղߵʱô˵ˣȴߴʴʣСһ
ŻƱɽӣҲһ

ױնɱһ̣ʵѾ֪Լˣ
ƱɽЦߣղҲǻ֮ƶѣڳ
㡭
ָŻƱɽ˫ֶЩˣһֱ޳֮еĵ䷶
ⲻǳôѾˣڻô
һ￴Ҳǿ㣬Բеġ
线ŻƱɽһҪɱɱʲôһˣĹûˣ֮ΪһˣƱɽΪһеģ
ߣһִ磬һִ磬㻹Ƕħͷ˰ƱɽŭһȻôϲħͷҿǹȥһԧˣ
ҾϲִôˣǸӢۣأʲôһĵ־СˣԶܴﵽִĸ߶ȵģ
һ֮»˵ԼԼҲҪˡ
ŮӢۣʲô
Ʊɽ纵ô˵澹Ȼ˵Լԭ̵סӵ׵ıˣ
һĽѾǳ纵ķɱȥ˿ûκλתأ
ɱһӰ٣
ǻƱɽҪ飬Ҫ˵Ѫϴˢ֮ǰĳ裡
纾ı۾֮ʣоԼƺקһ£һ۾ʱȴֳѾǱˡ




1600㾹Ȼû
 

ףأ
Ʊɽɴ۾ǰԼķﻹи˰ӰӶûУ
֮ǰѾס纣ǷɽҲѾǳ纵ಿλ̶ȥ
ɵȵһն֮ȴ纵ûˣ

һ֮̾ˮڱ˾Ȼûˣ
˸оһĹ죬ʵ̫ˣ˾ȻúõĻûˣ
ʦ֣⡭纶أ
ֿҲһĲţʵ̫һЩ
ҪǸղǱ˸ƵĻͳֺͻƱɽˡ
ҲһȦĿǰľ󣬸ղһѵĿŻƱɽҪɱԼŮ
Ϊһףôܹܵ˵նɱԼŮأ
ʹ֮ʣȴԼŮȻʧˡ
ԭһƬϲĶͷ罣ڵˣ˿ҲѾϡͿ
΢΢ҡͷҡҲ֪ô°
ƱɽʿˮһԵ컳ȣ
ƺע⵽ǰľЦһо̫幬
Ļ˺ܶ˵ľ
ȷΪ̫幬ôֻǰأ
״ˣǲ̫幬Ĵûᰡ
ߣҲã
벢׻ţ˿ΪƵǣȻ֪κ˵Ĵڣ
֮һƣȷղһ׾κδĿԣ
̫幬ڶ࣬Ҳ˵ģ
ֻȺףǵĴûᣬҲû̫飡
Ʊɽ㲻ֹһεĻᣬֻϧ㲻֪ʲôϧ
Ļû˵꣬ˮڵɽ֮һ쳹
ƴӰ˷ȴƮ첻
ߣ˵ڴװŪ
ԭڸ˵Ҳüͷһ塣
ƺЩϤȴЩİ
Զɽ֮ϣ
һʵ˳˵ĸǰ˫ֱűһŮŮ˫ֻ˵Ĳ֮䣬һ㡣
纸ղһѾǾ͸ɵקһ֮󣬾ȻһֵӰ
ףִ绹ţ
ʱʤ
纾ô׵ǰ˸оôôаȫУ
Ȼˣ˵һԭǸղô˵棬Ȼ˵Լϲף
ΪԼѾ˵ԭ
ڿ׺ö˶˵վߣΪһŮȻѵˡ
ԭڿһȺСǱԼɵƱɽȻҪ纳ֵʱҲסˡ
ֻԼҲû뵽纾Ȼᵱ˵һ
Ů˹
һһЩжһŮΪԼ˵ŭԼ
ҪԵģһֳ̱飬ݣ
룬֮ŸոտʼôżҪҾ̫幬
һѾǱ纳˸ǰ
ÿһƺشһû˶˵֮У
û
ɫˣжɫˣһԵֺ˵ȴ˸˷֮ɫ
ȥһΪôأС˰
ܹ̫ȳŵôô׵أ
кϷ˰ղǲ񫰡
ǿҵ찡ղžʲôô㿪ǵǿĹİ
ܶ˿ףж
˷ܡŵɫǵһţ
΢΢鴤һ£ղնɱһһȻö˶˵ĳĸǰ
˰
ղԼô˵ףԼƺ˼ҵëû˵һ
žžģ
㡭㾹ȻûӿֳһŨҵɱ
˵ˣ춫
һظԼĻҪ˵ǰһκܶ˻ţһκܶ˾Ȼ֪ˡ
Ľ纷£Ȼ΢΢һЦ纶ȸǱߣ
š
纺ǹɵĵͷķ˹ȥ
һԻƱɽɫҰף֪Լһοˣ
ôĿҪ㵽ʲôͣ˵Ĵʴʣ
һϲû̫຦µɫƺʮ㡣
׿ŶЦһת˿һԵĻƱɽ֮ǰһ
峤ȡҰƱɽһ׵Ļ˻һ
ħͷϣƱɽԼʮĸо
ŻƱɽģЦһߣҪɱҵˣǾҪûˣղŽӹһ٣֪һǲǻôˣ
¶һ˿мҪɱˣûɱ˵ģ




1601»а֣
 

ʮ㣡
׵һ仰ǰ©ĸо
Ʊɽ׵ĻһɼΪζ
Ȼվ׵ĸǰԼܾʲôԾĵط
ˣ
׵Ͽգһ޵Ĵ˲˵ĸǰ
˻ûü̾Ϳֻ޵ĴѾǳŻƱɽķѹ
û뵽־Ȼף
ʶĶһ£ɵתŲ֮ȴһǳԼģ
໣
ȵ뷴Ӧ֮ʣѾһҵĺУ
ɫѿ˼㣬׻ǲư
ղһʱһﾹȻһһﾹȻֱӶˡ
׵Ķˣ
ΪԼһûƱɽ˵ĸǰ
ܴ裡
ղԼ˵ˣҪնɱƱɽǲܵ飬һƱɽѾǲ
ž
㳡֮һƬžκ˶û뵽ֱӾͶˡ
벻ǣ׸ӶĴڣ

һεľۼԼŭˣ
ô˵棬ôһˣܲŭ
˵ĿУѾ˸ǲĴˣ˵ɱɱԶţ
˭ʱɱأ
ߣͬʽѲûʲôµˣ
Щмһͬʱſ
˲䣡
һɫָӵʿһ㣬׵С
ǿ߶һƺʽʼ
ȭ
һȣͬʱ붯һһɼǿϢ˲佻֯һ𣡣
޴ĺ쳹
㳡֮У˿Ѿǳһ޴ӣ
׷Բʮ֮⣬ûκεķӦƺ˿⽫ǵĴѹʮ֮ڣ
䣡
׵ȭͷ붫ȭͷһ̣ڿв֪ѾǺ˶ȭ
Խ򣬶ԽľΪƺԼƲסˡ
ϵѹƣЩ
ɫ쳣ѿ龳ڵˣΪʲô׾ȻܹѹԼأ
ԼĽƺܵĳ谭
벢֪ǣ״˿̵һĿʼʹ֮
ֻʹõĻϤɼˣ֮׸оһˬ죡
Ƭ֮У뼸˵Σ
ڣʮغϵıƴ֮׵ȭͷĺ˶ǰ
ÿһȭΪ֮һ
٣룬ûе־ˣ׿Ŷ΢΢Щʧ
һֻղһĻôսƺѾҪˡ
ףҵģ
ԼؿڣоԼһƣԼǵ͹һ
̫ǿˣ
ڸղŵһαƴ֮УоԼûռݵκεϷ磡
ಣ
һɫĽӰѾǳ˶ϣ漴һѵҩУ
䣡
ƵƵӶ֮дһ￴ҪƴĽడ
׿Ŷӣ΢΢ҡͷҿ㻹İֳɣƾ㣬ƺûʲôսԣ
֣
µ˶סˣλǿĸ֮ıƴôܻаأ
Ѳ˼Ҫö˶ȥ
˶Ѿ龳ڵʵˣٶȥҲǰ״ˡ
㡭㾹Ȼ֪
ɴ۾ףû뵽һﾹȻ֪Լıһ֣
ǶĵƣҲڻսʮһ
ڶǰ׽ʱ򣬶Ĵӣڳذδ˶壡
ذδ룬ڵһ֣龳ڵĳǿߣ
һݷö룬ʵҲǴдһϾΣǺѰٵһܹԼһս֮ˡ
ּįҲذδͣ
ڼϾ̫幬𣬶ҲҪصһν̫幬
ֻɸ˶췢ĺɫźţϾǶڲ飬ذδֻԶ
ʵذδ뱾˶û뵽ԼϢε֮ãȻǱ˸ˡ
ԹӢ۳갡ذδݺǧ꣬ǵһμôţСӣֻĺܰ
ಣ
ӰѾԶĳ˶ĸǰʱɫһͨ죡
Ҫ֪Ϊ龳ڵǿߣȻҪ˳æ˵ȥ˵ģ
ԣ֮ǰҲذδѡսѣ
ֻڣƺսѾˣذδȻ˵һЦݣȻɱȴôҲڸǲˣ
һɽݶ̫幬ڱȻһᵹ£
ȻˣѾǵ˲ݵľˡ




1602¡ɢɡذδ
 

ˮڣעʷһ죡
һһĴߣ˸оԼ඼Щܲˡ
˿̣һһλݺǧϹ˵ĸǰʱ˶Ϊ֮Ŀ
ǧݺᣬζŴ龳ĸ֣
οڳ֮˻ϵöģ
컳Ⱦ֮һλڵһλܳӢܹʶأ
ףǡ˭
ﲢδϾļܼ
Ȼ컳ȵĶӣ컳ҲżлԵܹһ棬οأ
ֻǿŶȻվ˵Աߣ컳ҲǺȻ뵽һˣ
Ҳ̫ȷ֪Ǹ˭
컳ȿŶҲĨһ˿ϣڸղѾЩˡ
ԶĶ֣ȥ֦ͬķ罣Ҳ군ˣ
һԵķ罣ڸΰҲǳˣǸ浽˭
ûпĻλӦþǶ
컳ȿΰ˵
ڵĶΰЩʵ
ţǰˡ컳Щ˼ʵѾһˡ
ףȻǶĻڼ϶壬Ǿ̫幬Ҳÿվ˰ɣ
ＤĿԼĸʵ˿̵ﻹʲôҪױ
ֻϣǰĶܹ׸ˣܹǻҲ֪ˡ
ǰˣһļ֮һ⡭
ΰҲǱԼĹ۵㡣
컳΢΢ҡͷߣǾôȷǵǹƥأܹ̫֮ڣ˲ɱ̫ڳּˣûôļ򵥰ɣ
ǡ
ΰɫһĲҰףƺʼڱ˵С
Ҳûлᣬûв´ĻӦڵһ֣Ҳǵڵذδ룡
컳˵һ֡
ذδ룡
ݺĺ޵ֵĴڣ
˵ܹĳΪһţܹѹ̫һͷľذδ룡
ɺܶ˶ΪذδѾˣдذδɽˡ
ȴû뵽죬ĳ֮оȻܹذδ룡
ذδ룿ǡǲǵһ𣿡ΰʿˮȻ˵Ѿɽ𣿡
ڵĸҶΨλûмҴϺΨһϱ׼Ҳˣ
컳ȵĲ²ȷģΪذδѾԱˣ
Զ
ذδߵ˶ĸǰŶ΢΢ҡͷ˵˷ڵεڿҲһǰˡ
ذ֣һ
⵹Ҳ̸ϣ˵ʵⱲһֱѰһ֣ħڵаܹҴһЩ鷳֮⣬ƺҲû˿ԸҴٵ鷳ˣ
ذδ뿴Ŷ¶һ˿Ц⣡
а֣ʲôʱ򣿡׿˿ذδ룬Ҳüͷ΢塣
ħڵаȻҲ̹ģҪһμаģǿҲֻа·ķˣ
꣬ȴѾѰаˣ
СӦǷɽˣֻû뵽ذδ뾹ȻҲа֣ȻӮˣ
ǰذδ뿴ף˷·ʶ˺ܾһ㣬΢΢һЦֿһñ֮ˡϣһ᲻Ҫʧ
٣٣ذδ룬С˰
׿ذδ룬һ˿֮ģ
Ϊһκ˶һԭûϸȥ̽һ
ɵȵ֮̽ŷһﾹȻһλɢɣ
νɢɣʵǶɽٷʧ֮屻٣ԪȴһϢд棬ܹɾ͵֮·
ɢһ⣬ܹɽٳɵģνǷëǣ
Ϊÿ꣬ɢɶҪһٵĿ飬һŴΣ
ⲻҪģҪճ̶ȣνһαһţ棡
˵ھŴɢ֮٣˿߲ʽƵĳ̶ȣȻˣҲɽһ˵
ɽ磬ܹɹɽٵľŽɢɶǵλ൱ĸߵġ
ҲΪʲô׺ȻЩذδԭˡ
ǰذδ룬Ӧһţ򲻿ڶ̶̵İʱܹɽٵģ
һﾹȻѾǶɹɢ٣Ѿеˣ
ν龳ڣⲻڷų˶Ŀһѣ
ô˵ֻҪذδܹڼɢٵĻôһλɢɷ֮ˣ




1603ôĿ
 

ɢɣ
һּΪĴڣΪɢҲͦһ£
Ȼ㻹ôﵽһΣǾǶɽٷֻжɽٷʧԪδ֮ˣܹ֮Ϊɢɣ
Ҫ֪ܹﵽɽٷεˣһ̳
ذδܹڶ̶̼ʱʹﵽɽٷΣ˵˴˵츳ˡ
ذδֵʱҲ͸Ũҵ֮ɫ
ɢ֮أڵļλ߲֪˲֪
˵ʵԴذδɽʧ֮ΨһǳΪŽɢɣɽҵλ
һ;죡
ɹ֮һûУذδһֱǼᶨԼ

ذδ벢֪Լܣӵĺһô֪Լɢɵģ
ѲʵôǿԼʵ̫ܹ͸
Ҫ֪ɢɣ龳۷ǿߣҪҲǷǳ֮ѣ
ҲΪʲôذδаȤһԭ
Ϊаһ龳ڵʵȻһնɱԼȷš
ΪʵϵĲ࣬սʤаȴδնɱˡ
ǸʱаȻҲǿԼʵȻ֪Լʵôаġ
һԼʵˣذδһһͷײĳ嶯
˵Ӱʧ˵ĸǰ
ͬʱԶɽ֮ϣӰͬʱǱߡ
ۣʵһ͸
ףоϡƽʵʵȴĿࡣ
ذδǱ߶ԻҪ֪˵˵Щʲô
ʵˡ
ɽۣ֮
׿ذδ¶һ˿Цݵذϳϣкδͽ̰
Сˣ֪ô֪ҵݵģذδ׳ʵ
ذϳָǡЩ֪ʵЦŵ
ֺαװɵֻ֪ô֪ġذδ΢΢ߵ
Ҳ˵أ׿ذδӣǴ̫ˡ
Ȼ֪ݣӦҲ֪ɢɵʵɣͲ±߲ˮڣ
ذδдһ˿вȻҲ֪вѾû̫ˣ
Ǻǣذϳϻ˽ңײӲĻһ䡣
ôǲԸ˵ˣҲֻǿ˿ˣذδŭһ
ãֻҪذϳܹʤңȻԸ㣡
׿ذδ룬Ҳһת
Ҫ˽׵˾ͻ֪϶׼˭ء
ֻϧذδ̫ˣ
ŵΪϸûԼĶ֣ԼΨһĶֻ쿹
˵ĶֻһǾɢ٣
ףȻѾվ⣬ذδУ㲻ʲô
˵ĻذδЦˣЦôĿģ
ʲô
ذδ뿴ףҲǴһ˿ζСѲɻҪսʤԼɣ
ϲŵˣ츳ߡ
ˣҹذϳӦҲӦġ΢΢ҡͷ
ǣһǲáذδ΢΢һЦ
׿ذδЦŵˣȻ˵Ļǻֵ¼°ɣ
ԣҵǺܺ棬Ҫ˵ʲô
ذδȻ֪ǸȻҲ˵Լһף̲סʵ
⵹һ㶣Ҳ΢΢һЦ˵ҪӮذϳϣϣذϳϿԴӦһ飡
ҪӮңа˵˵
ذδ·һǳЦ飬ֻ˵Ц죬濴ŵһã
׿ذδ˵ذϳϲӦҲϲǿѡ
Сӣǵһ֪ɢɻҸô˵ˣ˵ʵһͦġܹսʤ֮ҴӦһǣ
ذδ뿴ףҲǴĺܣ
Ϊû뵽Լ䣡
Ҫ֪ɢɣǿ޵һĴڣӮԼΰɣ
ˣҲӦذϳϣӮңұذϳô֪ɢɵݣͬҲذϳζɢɾŽ٣
ҲǺģʵذδȫԳΪϵ
ǺôĿͦҵθڣȻĻͳְɣҵҪʲôʸ˵һ
ذδоʵЩ̫һЩ
׿ذδƾҲսʤа㹻𣿡
䣡
ذδϾҲֳһ֮ɫ֪аʵġ
ԭһ˿ζ̬ѾǽΪоǰСӻԼľУ




1604ˣ
 

ɽۣ֮
һ֮ϯɽ֮ϵȴƺڵȴŶԷĳ֣
ذδԭΪ׻֣ɵ˰ȴ׻˿δ
Īʱ䣿
ذδ뿴ף¶һ˿֮ɫ
׿ذδ΢΢һЦûȳֵϰߡ
ҳûлˡذδ뿴ףɫҲЩˡ
˭ȳ֣˭֣ʵڸֵıƴ֮Ҳһ΢ı仯
ڸֶԾʱȳֵ˷Щ³ˡ
˵ҪռȻҲǶԼʵһֲš
ҲΪʲôذδЩ֣׾ȻȲֵһԭ
Ӧ͵ϮԼŶԣɵ˰һﾹȻҲ
ȻذϳִȳֵĻҾͲˣʱذϳϿɱ˵ռıˣ
׿ذδ룬ҲԴЦһ˵
ĸˣΪ˭ȳֶۣǲܵġ
ذδһˮ̵ǲֻϧһףȻ㲻֣ǿɾ͹ֲˣ
ȣ
ذδŭһѾǶһ񵶣ͨȥΪţ
ȣƷ
ذδ֮żȻ֮Ѿʱˡ
Ϊ֮ǰɽٵʱʲôĶٸŪûˣذδΨһı
ΨһıɱǷǳľ˵ģ

ɽ֮ѾǱһˮ֮ˮһ㣡
أһƬˮʼ˰סˣ
ˣ
һǿҵĲ˳ذδ붯ˣ
һˮɫĵڻһ壬׵ķɱ
Цһ˫ֺʵһƣԼĸǰһԲͼ
ԭһĨˮ֮ɫ赲ĸǰģ֮пʼ˿˿ɫ
ûãõɫƺסˮɫγһרĿռ䣡
֮
׵ŭһһĽ֮չ˵ĸǰ
ֻϧû֪⵽ʲô
Ҳ˵磬ǵɽ磬Ҳûмܹʶʲô֮
ֻ֮Ҳֻܹŵǧ׷Χ֮ڣƺҲôȹ̣
֮ذδҪ綼ǲ̫ܵ飡
ղŸ뽻ֻ֣Ҫһ֮һѾǱһҪϰߺܶˡ
Ϳʼ˰ղ˲˵Ц𣿡
֮䶯־ȻôⰡ˵־Ͷ֣ҲǷˣ
ԸղŶ붯ֵʱ򼶱һҶоһĩյζˣ
ǿڵĵһְ˵ذδһǿߣǿܲ𻨣
ǰ˿׺ذδ֮ǰ˵ЦһѾǵɱľأ˸оЩԲ
һˮ
ذδĺһƺоЩ̫Ծ
Ϊղδоκεѹ
һ̣صĽɫռԼʱԼЩٻˣ
֮ĽǾǺ֮䣡
Ѿݲذδȥ˼ˣָǾԼĿ꣡
ˮɫϵĳ׵ķĨȥŶĵƺҪɫһһ㣡
һˮʵذδϵľˮɫ
һνѵأƺҪˮһһ㣡
ΪģǵǾȷƵһ㣬׵ĸǰХ

ײ쳹ɽȣ˿ٿףѾǶһնɽ
VSƷ
ɢɺ龳۷ǿߵȫһ
ĿһĻˣ
׸ذδһغϹƺλã
۵
ֻӰδסεʱɽ֮ϾȻһ󲻺г
˵ıˣ
ذδ˿̵ɴ۾ŶףҲòǰˡ
ղһȻƴȫҲѾԼ˾ųɵĹˣһﾹȻɵľͽˣ
⻹ؼģؼԼı˼Ҹնˣ
ľˣ
ǿǼƷȻжܹնϼƷ
˵ʵǰһĻѾЩذδ֪ˡ
ڿףʱҲòȥȻʵѾȴɢɵʵǺǿ
ҪǸղ֮ذδһĳɵʵĻҲЩԲ
˵ڲ龳ڳڶѣ
ȻŸָվʵǲɢһ
Ҫ֮ǰذδĻ¾ĻҲǱˣ
ڣεȴذδˣ
ûˣô찡ȻֿȭҲǲԣ⼫ƷǿԼսİ




1605һжʤ
 

ذϳϣƺǸðƻ
׿ذδһһ׵ɫҲ¶һ˿Цݣ
ȷذδȱ飬Щ̿
ذδ˺þãû뵽׾ȻܹסԼһû뵽ԼΨһȻˣ
ǿǼƷȻܹնԼļƷ
ذδɫ൱ѿϺⰡ
Ľʡޣ
ذδϣ˿û˰
ذϳϣ֮ʤܿҪֳ˰
׿ذδ룬ҲԸľ
˵ʵԭǴ˶ڵģڿذδı⣡
ɢɣ
ǿģһɽ磬ǾǼʱս
ȥɽ磬δ֪ʵ̫̫ˡ
ɽɲ磬Ȼ׵ԺװŵĶɵۡɻʼɽȴһ嫵磡
ɵۡɻȳǿߣҪ֮ӴҲһһŲ߳ġ
ѲԼһȥɽܹɵۡɻʣ
Ҫ֪ɽĵȼƶȿҪҪɭϵĶ࣬ÿһÿһϸĿƵġ
δ֪ʵ̫̫ˣҲСĽ
һλ֣δͶһݱϣ
ûԼܹȲʤȯˣ
ذδҲЩŭˣûԼһ
ȻѾûиղôļᶨˣΪײĶ֡
Ĭذδ΢΢һЦֻһУذϳܹסǱˡ

סһоӮˣذδɢ˵ֱ谡
ذδ뿴ŭһףʵ̫Ŀˣ
ˣ
һͳ֮ɽȵܽ𣬶ԭƺҲЩҰ
֮УԭĽɫѾǱһĨڰ𽥵ȡ
ذδ뿴׸˵ֱӾͿʼˣҲһ㶣
һ˵ôģذδҲҵˣȻƤ˶ǻá
˾սʱ̣Ҳ֪һԲеô򵥵ģ
նʽʽֻأ
ȳһһϢʼѸٵӣذδǹɱϢƺԼ޾
ֻ꣬ʮܻ֮֮࣬ˣ
ƺһ˲ذδЩ
ذδһҪΪڵ𣡡
ذδһҪΪǧһλɽٷǿߣ
Ⱳҷ㲻Ȣ㲻Ҫ뿪ң
ΪʲôΪʲôΪʲô춼ҶɽٳɹΪʲôҪɢ֮ʹ
ذδʹԼĶͷƺһı֮У
ܿԭ۾׼صذδһЩʧˣ
նʽĵʽ
֮ǰҲֹһΣɾһΣɽаɶֵˣ
οһССذδأ
ܹܿĵǿĵֵס׵Ĺ֮ǱӴܣ
ذδ¾Ͳˣ
ΪʶʵʵкܴĲ࣬һѳֵıжûУ
Ѫ֮൱赲סնɽ޿ܣ
һ˲䣬ذδǧ֮ã
һ˲䣬ذδ·һֻأ
նɽһǧţ
ݣ
һ޽Ĵ׵ð˳裡
ڵһ£
׸оԼڵ˲䱻һգһ޵ĽĿʼ
˿̣ذδƺʹ֮У˿һĲ죡
ֲѹֲĽ
˴˿̶¶һȻ֮ɫ
뿴׵һУĶͷҲ亹ܣ̫ǿˡ
оԼһ֮£һ˿˿ķ֮С
һﵽʲôﰡ
ڸ˲׷ͷһܹǿ˹˵ʲôأ
˼ҸղŸԼ򶷣ΪԼǲġ
ĿӦԼذδ룡
һĸ̣ذ϶ɢɻǿֲ
ݣ
һ𣬳ذδǱ̶ֱȥ׹һ㣡
֮·޾ĺڰһ֮·һ㣡
ذϳڸʲô
˿̿ذδ뾹Ȼڵϣϵı쳣ʹ࣬ҲЩˣ
ĵ˰һذϳϹˣڻǶ壬Ҫ类˸׵ĳˡ
ӦǱĳֻþסˣǡʵôܣҲ
˿̣ǵɢһ㣬ذδķ򻺻նɱȥ
˶ˣ
ƾеˣôأ




1606ذδ룬䣡
 

ɲ֮䣡
ǵӰѾذδͷ֮ϣţ
ͣסˣȻͣסˣڸʲô
ǰݣôܹؼʱͣסأ˿
ѲԼӮˣԹذϳϲɣ
ô˵һξ̫幬ʤ尡
ºܶ˿ĪĳҲסˣ
Ǵ۸ˣΪһǿ˸ֵָĶԿ
ǿֵĶҲǿˡ
ױֿȵذδǿеǿߣ
˵ĶԺܳһʱڶΪźͼ̸ʡ
죬ڳ˿ɶǼ֤˰
ֻǵǸûи㶮ΪʲôʱͻȻ֮ͣˣ
ѲǱд裿һ
֮ǰһҪ˶ļư⵽ô£
˲ֺ纵˶⵽ô£
˶Ŀ⼯棬˿̵ĶѾЩһĸо
ѲɽǶ֮ʱ
һ뵽Ķ弴ԼлĻҲӿֳһĨ֮ɫ
ذδ뻺۾ԼͷϵУҲ΢΢һ̾
̫ǿˣ
˿ֻ̣֣
λ龳۷ǿ߶η֮ˣҲòԼ߰ͷ­
֪֣
Լλɢɿľ͵Ϊֹˡ
ذδҲЩ֣նɱԼȴΪͣأ
ҡˣ
ذδ뵹Ҳǹĺܣ˼ѾԼһСˣʱҪǻʶʱĻľɵˣ
أ
һ˲䣬ǵӰڿռ֮ʧԭǵɫ֮Ҳǽɢȥ
ذδоһ˿ǰδеɣ
ҲǸоһֲͬѰʩչǵɫĿռԼȻƵã
Ȼ֪ⶫʲô֪ⶫ֮ͨ
ذϳϣˣ
Ҳ¶һ˿Цݣʵϣսʤذδ룬Ҳûκεĳɾ͸У
ΪˮػߣһѾûܹΪ谭ˡ
Ŀɽ磬ˮ磡
л飡ذδ빰֣һЦˣ
׿ذδЦŵҪذϳٶһɢ٣±ҲذϳϵĶˡ
ʵϣ֮İ˿̵ҲذδĶ֣
ذδ΢΢ҡͷ˾ˣǧУɢ֮壬Ķ֡Ƕ߽ΣҲδĶ֣
ˣǾˣ
ذδҲԼκεĽڣ
˵ʵһսķڷûκεɣ
µ˿˰ɽۣ֪֮˵˵Щʲô
Ȼ˶Ǻ棬ǿóƺһ㣡
Ķˣ
Ҫ֪ԭԼذδ룬׻һս֮
֮仹ʲôսսģ
Լȥܹһˣ
֪Լذδ֮Ĳģ񿴵һͽذδסˣȲǼαġ
ذδ뿴׳֮ǰԼȻˣȻӦһ
ذϳϣ֪Žɢɶɽٳɹ֮󣬻һʲôľ𣿡
ײδ˵ԼǸذδ뿪ʼˡ
ذδЩ㵵Ŀ׵⡭һǲ֪ݴ˵Ƿɽ磬ӦøЩֱӷɽĲɣڵɽΣͲܹ֪ˣ
Ǻǣͷɽ֮һŽɢһּΪĴڣһɽٳɹɽ磬ҲǺ䶯쳣ģ
׿ذδ΢΢һЦʼչһ˿ŵЦݣ
Ǻ⣿Īͨɽأⲻܣ
ذδ뿴ҡҡͷֱǿЦ
֮ˣȻͨɽ֮£Ե췽ҹ̷
ذδ뿴ףڸо׾һƣ
׿ذδЦŵذϳϿ֪ɽȼλֵأ
˿̵֪Ҫذδ뽻ģǾͱóһЩֵĶ
ҲǴһӷɽ磬һҲ˿ǣ
ذδ뻹мܹӦʺϵѡ
ȴҲҪϣǣ
ذδνǽĶ̸Ȼˣص̸ȴҲ֪
һӣذδҲǽŽɵʵ֪ɽ֮£ô֪ģ




1607ɽȼ
 

ذδһ̶֪Ӧô׽ˣ
ΪоԼײһˣ
ڶ˵˵ĻţȴҪ֪һеô£
ɽĵȼ֣
һﾹȻ֪ò˼飬˵̫ܣ
֮ǰһ˵ĻǾòܣǱžžˡ
֮ǰһ˵Լһжʤذδ뿴Ͳܣ
һУ
һоҪԼôܣ
ǴҲŵ鰡
˼ˣһУԼûл֮
һ˵Լ֪ɽ£ذδ벻ţף
׿ذδЦŵȻҵ֪飬ɽȼ־ŵȣ
ŵȣļٵģ
ذδȻţһ֪ӡ
׿ҲǾЩЦҪΪĴУԼ֪Щ飿
ǰĻ˵
ѾòһˣˣҲֻǸذδ˵һ˵ѣ
΢΢ͷһŵȣÿȼĵȼһҲǧ𣡡
ˡðǡǵľŵأ
ذδɽĿӸղֻصӾͿԿó
һֱɽ磬һֱųҪͨɽ翴ܾܲȻԼİŮˣ
һеǰܹţܹٵɽ磡
͵ȵľɣҲżˣ׿ذδ΢΢һЦνɣһ㶼ɽӵеļ𣬲Ǵ½֮ˣûֻͣɼģ
˼˵ͼɣҵȷҲֱӹˣ
ذδģϾɽ粢˽⣬˵ĵͨ׶
׵ͷģذϳϵɹĻӦǵɳڵʵ
ԭˣǻĵȼأذδ뿴ʵ
Щ˵ĻˣΪоһ˵ĺͷͷǵ
Ҫ֪ⶫǿ࣬ǿǱ಻ģ
Ȼ֪׵ͨʲô;֪ģΪӦûڲƭԼıҪ
֮⣬ǵɣҲҸղŸ˵ģ֮ǰҪԴﵽĵȼ׳
ô˵ɻϾ൱ɽżˣذδʵ
½֮˵ģ֮󣬱ɡɡɡɾɻʣ˵еɵˣ
һɽĵȼ˵˳ʵذδȥɽ֮Ҳ֪ġ
ǰ˵ֻΪذδһ·ѣ
ذδЩĿɿڴĿ׵ǡɽҲǳ˵ȥɽͿԳ𣿡
Ǻǣ˭˵ģ׿ذδʵ
⡭ⲻô˵
ذδҲһƣ飡
ܶٻ˵˶ˣȻΪˡ
˵Щذδо˺ܶĲͬ
ɽҶĻҪΪôĵȼʲô
ǺǣЩϻֻܹ֪ܸ˵ɵۼĴڣҲǳģ
׿ذδҪ֪ɽ֮ϻ磡
һɽ磬ôܳأȻײ˽磬ֻ֪ܹܲﵽȲΡ
ɵۼǿߣȻܹ⡭
ذδЩˣԭΪɽ绹ҪŬŬܹ
׵Ļ˶ˡ
ɵ嵽׺ڣ
һ˲䣬ذδоһ˿˿ã
Цŵг֮·Ժذϳȥɽ磬Ȼ㣡
ϵܻǺܶడذδ˼Ŀ׵
ЦŵذϳϲҲԼ𣿡
⵹ǣҺܺһ㣬ղ˵ɢɶɽٵ飬ľŽɢɶɽٳɹĻǡ
ذδ뿴ףԼǷǳġ
ʵڵѾʼ׵ĻǿŵˣŶȷǳĸߡ
ȻˣջҪʵȥ֤ģ
׿ذδٺһЦذϳϣŽɢһǷͬ죬һַϳɹɽٵĸʣ
ʲôĪڸҿЦ
ذδٵĿף˿ﻹиղŵǹžͷ
ȫһѧСѧһ㣬ȴʦ֪ʶ
˿̵ذδһļĽʶ
û뵽һܣȻԼǳ
˵ĻԼĸ˰
ĸʣʲô




1608¾Žɢɺţ棡
 

ذδоԼһѪţ
ˣ
ûиܹļ飬ѾЩľˣ
ǽĻĻһֱľȥɣ
ɢɶɽ٣ÿһεĴڸʱһ㡣
ذδڶɹɢɾŽ٣ʵûκεš
Ҫ֪֮ǰɢɵٵʱǿֲ˹Ľ׼ѾԼξ
ҪǵʱذδԼһ˿־֧ŵĻڻѾûˡ
ɢ٣ģ
ذδ˾ŽٵʱԼ᲻һ¾ͱٸˣ
Ͼɢɶɽ٣ߵĿɲѰ·
ڣȻ˵ԼĸʣǸԼһǿļ
ذδ˿ϳֳĳ˼Ǽ
ذϳϿһֱ£֮ĽƺҲûҪ˰ɣ
׿ذδ룬Ҳ֪ʵͷ֮Լġ
ΪԼ˵ĻʵЩףһ˻Ĳš
׸оô˵ʵЩѾţҲһ°ɣ
ܲԼÿ˵ôһ䣬Ҫûɵ۹ѯһԼ
컹ܼ
ذδһ׵Ļ̵ҡҲǸ˼ʵ˵̫ף
Ȼ֮˵֪ɽ֮£һֻԵ𣿡׿ذδ
ܹҶɽٷذδԺˣ
ذδҲһᶨ˵
׸ԼϣٲϧĻȵ߽ɢɵʱԼѾˡ
ȻϣˣȻҪץס
΢΢ͷذϳϣ֪ΪҪ˵Щ
ҡҲ֪
ذδҲһãȻڲΪʲô׵û͸Լ˵Щ
ӮˣǸԼɽأ˵Լɽٵĸʣ
ЦŵΪҿذϳϵ츳ϣذϳδԸһȥɽƴ
ذϸղѾ˵ˣֻҪܹҶɽٷԺҵˣΥģ𣡡
ذδԻǷǳĺǶϾԼĺ·
ѭӦˬ
ԣҲˣ
ذδ뵱˵ԣһΥҪ췣
һٷԣΪĺġ
ذδӣ׵ͷȻذϳˣҲҴˡҾͻشĵһ⣬Žɢɶɽ֮󣬷ɽ絽Ǹʲôĸ
ذδʿˮҲڴ
ϾþŽɢܹ򲻴һĸʣ
ɽٳɹʱǰող˵ĵɼĻЩܣ
׿ڴذδ룬ŽɢɣһɽٳɹʱɽֱӾɣһЩʵǿֱܹ֮ﵽɼ𣡡
ذδ𾪵ĿʵҵθԹԣֱ磿ֲѶô󣡡
֪Ҫ˼ˣɢɶɽٺţƣ
˵Ӧ߶ɽţһˣԳƵǾˡ
΢΢ͷȻŽɢɶɽ٣ɽӦҲǺܺ䶯İɣ
ذδ뿴׼ʵǱȽˣ
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Щִ˲ƣĽ͵
ǡɵأ
ذδ̳һһĳ֣
ǵɽ磬ȻҲǰĿŵĳԶˣȻɵ˭ųΪɵۣ
ֻΪɵô𣿸֮Ÿ֮ʤ
ﵽɵۼˣм
ЦŵɵۣǺǣֻܹ컯ˣ˵ʵɽ磬ܹﵽϲεģҪ컯
ɽ磬ʲôࣿذδ뿴׳ʵ
龳ɣ٣սβ룡˵ʵûдﵽɽ綼û̫ĵλģǱޣɽ֣Ǵӽɿʼġ
׸ذδĵҲͶ˵һЩ
ʵЩ鼴ذδ֪ˣҲ޷ģɽٲɹȫҲûá
ɽٳɹʱȥɽȻҲ֪ġ
ɽ磬ϲ֣ǶǴӽɿʼġ
˵ɽٷ֮ʮŵŵˣɼһµĲΣ֮Ȼ𣬿ǧ֮һռݲ
ԭˣлذδһ̵ܽı顣
˿̣֮ѾǷҪ֪ŽɢһֱӳΪɵġ
Ҳ˵пһɽ磬ͻΪֵС
һ뵽ߣذδҲһƲס˷֮顣
׿ذδЦŵЩֻҪ֪ͿˣҾ͸˵һ˵ζŽɢ֮٣
ɢҲҲз
ذδ뿴ףҲļ֮ɫ
ʵûеΪÿԲ
ֻǿô˵ˣܾƺôһ˿ϣġ




1609ذδ˳
 

ˮڵĳɽ֮ϣ
˽Ķ׺ذδ룬ղ˾춯صĴս֮һƺƽ
̸һ㣬ذδ׵Ľ̻壡
µЩ̫ˣ
ߣ
Σһ֮ɫ
磬ǡذϳϲ׹ɣ
еǲѣһǲĴڰ
ҪĻ׻¶Ƿַӵˡ
Լĵܵܵôܣذϳʸϵĳϣһѱţذϳ϶ѱŵģ
һЩɵ˵Ҫ֪˵̸ʲôⶼȥһʱˣ
İɣ״ˣذϳӦø̸У̸ʲôҲö֪֮Ҳǵǲѡ
ղһĻʵ̫һЩ
һƿֲҪնȥĻذϳѾǻҷˡ
ײûпȥʵ֮Ҳⷽĵǵġ
ڵô˵棬ôܹ־Լأ
˵ɣذδ붼ףҷȰһ䣬ʶʱΪܣ
벢ֲñͨˣʵѾˡ
˼Ҿ̫幬һһ𶫷岻֪ٻˣ
Ҫǻ֣κε
״ˣǡͶ춼ĿԼĸס
ƵֺοأȻһѾ֣ҵȻúõаɣ
ƺЩĸо˵һ֮ȻԵЩ
ղذδûгֵʱ򣬻ĻսɳҲԲͶ
񿴵Ϊɢɵذδ뾹ȻˣʲôŲأ
ذδ̸ֻУʱԼȻҲ׷̫幬һ£
ذδԼ׵ĻôּȻǺˣ
ղŶ˵ʶʱΪܣ
֮ˣΪ׷ļ£
ο񶫷ͶˣڶɽٷʵϽһ֮ңأ
Ҫǽô׵ϣΪź飡
״˽̻壡
ͶԼĸҾ
ʵϣѾͬԼ׵Ĺ۵㣬ЩҪŤתܹŤתĹġ
ɽۣ֮
׺ذδȻϾ˼˵뷨ڵذδһȡ֪ʶСѧһ㣡
ʽҪԼ̸ڶɢ֮ٵķȻǼ֣
׿ذδЦŵʵɢ֮ٸѰЩͬѰҪɽ٣ɢ֮ȴԪɽ٣
Լǣɢ֮ΪʹĵطҲ⣬һʧܣǾξ𣡡
ذδ֪ͬһ㣬׵ĻΪͬĵͷ
׿ذδԣɢ֮ҪľԪ֮˵Ҳ֮
ԼǣԪ֮ʵЩ翣˵ʵҲƾ
ذδʵʵ˵
㻹ĲʵԪ֮ķкֻܶ࣬ܶ˲֪ѣпԪ֮ĵҩԪ֮
׿ذδ¶һ˿Цݣ
ΪʲôôܹذδʵʵϾΪЩҩ
ȻˣһЩרõ
ЩıӻųɢɾŽ֮⣬Ӧûж⡣
⡭⡭
ذδ뼤ˣû뵽ϾȻȵҩ
Ȼ֪ذδ뷨ذδⵤҩҿԸ㣬⻹㼸Ʒɽ֮ʱ֮УӰٷ֮ʮĶɽٳɹʣ
ллذδԸΪǣ
ذδһǷԷθ˵Щ˵ʵ֧ôһ·ֻһǾŮˣ
лֻϣذϳܹŵԣػ꣡׳
˼ǡذδ뿴ף˿̵ȻΩǴˡ
Ϊʵ̫ˣ˼ʵİԼ
ûκεɾܾף
֮ڷɽ磡ϣذϳϷ֮ǰƹ磡׳
磿
ذδɫ쳣𾪣ԭ˵׵ʱ򣬾˵Ұļ
û뵽Ȼ˵һȻ֪׵ʵ˵ĻҲԵöôͻ
Ǳһƹ𾪵ˣ




1610ʶʱĶ
 

ôذϳкʣ
׿ذδһ𾪵ӣҲЦʵ
ذδ뿴εЦЦĺͼ־ǿģ緶Χʵ̫һЩ׻绹˵һҲѱ
磿ˣѾҵˣ׵˵
ʲôѾˣ
ذδһѾʲôʱ鰡ôһĶûأ
Ҫ֪ʹһҲǿޱȵģʮʹ֪жˡ
̫幬Ҳʱ䣬ʲôʱ׳ٵİ
׵ͷǰѾˣֻҪڵͷһͳ׻Ӧûжٵ⣡
⡭Ȼ˵ˣвӵĵ
ذδʵҲûжٵų
ȵһ㣬׸ԼɽٷϣͳԼ˶ֵ֧ġ
оǣ̫幬ֻҪڣһͳʵǺܼ򵥵顣
οһŭʱ̫һ
ʱڿ޿ɶûеطȥ
Ǻǣ֮ĺѾʼˡ׿ذδЦЦ
˵֮꣬ѾǶ˼ƿҩͼڿУ
ذδѸײڶֱ֮ԼĴָ֮УһĻ˿Ŀɿڴ
֮ǰ˻֣ôһ˶ʼˣ
ذδ빰ֵͷİɣϣгһգҵȿɽ
ôһģ
ҲŰЦ˳ˮڵĹ㳡߶ȥ
ذϳϡ
һذδϽذδĸǰ˹ȥ
ذδ벢δǶ׵룡
ЦŰڰֵذϳϲؿеǲʶ

ذδ뿴ŵµĶҪ˵֮ǰ׽飡
˵ʵղŸһ̸ذδνǳ
ɽһЩض֪ˣôܹأ
οĵҩû˻ɣ
ذδǸ˾Ȼûзõҩɵ
׸ǼƷǿԵĿóġ
ǾٰļƷ
Ʒǿǿ˼Ҳ˵İɣ
⼫ƷȻˣǵҩпǼٵ
ҪƭԼĻҲ˵Ѫɣ
ذϳϣк£Ը
ذδڵĵλھ̫幬ĵλһģһģ˵һ
ҲΪʲôղذδӦôˬһԭ
ذδ뿴ŶѾڹ˳飿

סˣȻ׼ذϳϻ״ĳЭ飡
Ҳ̫˰ɣֱӹ˳
ɲذδƢͷ˽ģܲ˵ǾǱ˵ѹơ
û뵽̶һʱĹͷȻڹ˳ˣ
ôĶˣû˵
ذδԴ׵̬ȣڵ˶ûпġ
ɶԴ̬ȾĶˣھڸλһô˵һġ
ذϳϣҡԸʶ˳
֮ʣһԵĶѾǴ˵
˵꣬׵ķ˿
Ϊ֮ǰ˼Ѿ˵ˣǶ֮ʱ
ɲɵӣ˼ذδĳֶܹ㶨һССĶʲôأ
֮ǰôţΪò
Ǻǣ峤Ҫ𣿡׿Ŷ΢΢һЦ
⡭ⶼһʱͿһʱͿ˲С˹ҵԺ󶨵հ
Ҳһ֮ˣҪţĻľͷˣ
ǴڶԼıǴƵжϣԼѡǲġ
Լĸ׵ӣҲ̵ذϳϣû飡
ذδЦ˼ãȻȥ֮ұ㷢Ѹ£
΢΢ͷذδͶҾ̫幬ŽһпŽͬӪһµ
˵ذδ
׳ӼѡӢţѧԺ
ѧԺذδ뿴Щ졣
׵ͷδ˵̫࣬黹Ҫӳ飬žѧԺЩûԴĺ˵һǿļ
һʱ򣬵Ѿըˣ




1611¾ѧԺ
 

綼ǸΪս
ӹˣҲΪʲôҪѧԺһԭ
ʵɽѧԺȴûУ˲ŵòһӵĿռ䡣
һͳ⵹ܹٵƽ飡
Ҫ֤糤ʢ˥ǿɱɱûκεôġ
뽨һƵĻƣ֮ǰҲ˼⣡
ڹ˳ǴѾǳ׵䵽˾̫幬С
׿ʱѾǳˣ
ѧԺǸʲô
ȥģֻҪ츳㹻ܹѧԺ±Ҫð
ǰӦ˼οѧԺǾ̫幬أ
⵹ЩڴˣԺܶߵĿ겻ǽĳŻ߼壬ǽѧԺ˰
±һҵʵʵߺ͵ͣܶ˵ļʵǲġ
ѧԺĺôԶ׼ģ˵һЩ⣡
纵˴˿̿ҲһĻȣ֮ǰֵĵһѾǳ׵ĻΪС
״ɱķľ֮һ˿˿ʧ䡣
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ѧԺ纵Ȥ
ʵ׽ʱ䳤ˣҲһѧԺһĶƺûãɾ˲ŵĵط
˿̣ܶ˲Ҹ˵ûǣ
Ҳʵִ磬ǡѧԺǲǴҶأ
ʵԼܲϵģﵱô˵ʵĳڣ
ʵ⣬ҲǺܶ˶Ҫ֪⣡
ʵһԵذδͶҲһƣǲ֪Ϊʲô׻ҪһѧԺ
ֱӷھ̫幬Ǹã
׿ЦŵѧԺÿ궼¼һѧԱÿһ˶ӵлġ
ѡһɣҲǷſˣ׼ʵ
һЩưɣѧԺصһ˵ǱڵʵֻҪͨѧԺĿˣͿԽѧԺˣ
һô츳أ²֪˭һ
׿ô˫ڴǵʱȻƶһϸĿ˳аĲ־ĲĲԼģ
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ذδ뿴˾Ȼֱӣŭһ󵨣
װڰֵذϳϣȻҪŽ磬ǾҪɣҾĺܺã
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ذδ뿴ҲǳϾûнȥȻֱѯʺôʵЩ˵ȥˡ
׿˵ȻҶھѧԺôĸȤҾڶ˵䣡ѧԺϸûгʱԾѧԺĿ˱׼Ϊ׼ղʹڽѧԺʲôô⣬ҾӦǾ˹ĵɣ

·һЦȻˣɺܶ˻ǵȴǽһ飡
Ͼȥ˾ѧԺԼŶ磬˭Ըȥأ
һЩѡ֣ǿɶǸűĶȥ˾ѧԺûкô˭ȥ
ԼүأŶǻǷǳӵĲǣ
׳һ£ȻһѧԺѧԺÿѧԺһǧʯڶÿңٰ첻ͬȼĹھǰĽƷֱΪƷѧԺӣҵ֮Կɷְذϳϡ
Ҿúܲ
ذδǿˣǸЩÿ궼֪Ҫȥٵʯ
ȻƷΪֱ˰
Ҫ֪ڸŵҲδһƷһ֪Ʒļֵˡ
˼ҾȻҪóذδȻǾ㹻ˡ
ҵѽÿһǧʯǿܶĵҩ
ʯƨҪǶùھǿ
ǰһֵǧʯడ˭ҪǶһھǼֱһҹ
ȥҪ鴫ȥĻ¶Ϊ֮ˣ
ǰйʲôĿֱ˽װ
µѾǾ̾
Ȼֻ˵㣬֮һɶǺܶ߼İ
˵ʵЩ֮⣬˶Ķˣ
ûκεıżֻҪ˾ѧԺϾ͵Ⱳܹɻڴˡ
Ҫ֪һҵְܹ
ջںܶ˵޷ֵģ˿ѾܹĳһѧԺ֮󣬵һʲôľˡ
׿˵ѧԺĺô϶ҲֹЩҪǻͷ˵˵һµڶ顭




1612ذδְ
 

ѧԺ
׵һ룬ѧԺĿĿɲΪбʲôġ
Ϊһ˲ţʱɽʱŻࡣ
ʵɽͲϵȻǣ
ɽǱҪŵĶ࣬Щźʹ֮⣬ѧԺɹȵȡ
ЩǿԳ֮ΪһҪ֪ɽǿļλɵۣǿɶһ֮Ĵڣ
Ⱦ̫幬ɽĵλȻҲܸߣȴߵġ
ɹ緱ǵ㣬ЩɽĻܹ
οɽѾķѣʵ֪Ҳɽĳһѣ
ɽ֮ĳǿߣ֪Ҳֻʮ֮һѣ
ɽ絽жˣ
ȥɽ磬Ȼʮ㣬δ֪ʵ̫̫ˡ
Ҳû̫ĵǽӴ֮ĵǸ
һɽѾˣǱǸӵĿţοɽħҲǻ񰡣
аΪɽλڶǿߣʵҲƫһخѣ
ɽ磬ǿ֮꣬ʵ̫̫ˡ
˵Ŀ⣬Ҳ˼һ¼ڶ飬̫幬Լذδͳ
ذδû뵽׾Ȼ
ԭΪոǣͿʼŵĲΪľܹϵٹ⡣
û뵽ǣ׾ȻɶҲҪֱӾͰȨøذδ룡
ʲô˼
ҲЩ㲻ˣ
׿˵ˣ飬̫幬Ȼһһ֪λذϳϡ峤ҪȻǻطһģ
ʵ̫𺳣˺ܶϢûüȥ
ذδҲû뵽׾Ȼᵱô˵ֱԼΪ̫幬
ȻҲ֪æŷûչ̯ӣ
ֱӽ֮λ˦ԼˣҲ̫һɣ
Ȼˣ벻׵ΪʲôⶼҪˣҪЩأ
ذδõ׵Ѿˮػأ
Ĵռ䣬صˮǣ
׷֮һʱذδҲһġ
߾Ҷ岢ңԶɷƲ壿
˿̾ǸԱһ㣬׵̬Ǹû˵ˡ
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ֵҲһļҪ֪ⱲӶûôķ
Լֵܣ֮ǰֻ붼룡
Ĵڣ
ʵںܶණļӵܶ쳣Ľţ֮ǰǺɫźǸоһΣյĽ١
񿴵˿粽Ҳһļ
ֻǸ֪ʲô飿
Ǿ̫幬⡭ǲе̫ͻˣ
ذδ뿴ףоЩ̫˼
Ҫ֪ڵľ̫幬Ȩʵ̫ˣܶԴ䵽ʱͻˣ
ЩŲ߻ˣĻֻҪ㻹ǾͱҪӾ̫幬Ĺ
װڰֵذϳϣڿɲʲôˣֻһ϶ѣϣذʹ
ûκε⣡ذδ
ˣȻûǾȥɣֻϣذϳܹƽԭҲֻܹúƽķչȥ
׿˳
ʵһͳھײ˵һ£
Ҳ΢΢һЦ
׵ͷȻҵĿľҪø˲ӱλذһ°ɡ
ذδһ˵Цˣ
׿˿һԵ纣ȻذδЦŵذͽܣ
йһͽܣȴһҵҪһͽš
ذδʵѾ֪ôʵ˼Ҳ֪纸׵ʲôϵ
纶ôЦеĿذδ
纶ʷǳֻҪúʱնﰡذδҲ΢΢һЦ
һԵ򸾼Ŀ纵纶ݼʦ𣡡

Щ׻һ㣬û뵽ִ羹ȻԼ˸ʦôǿһʦ
һʱ䣬Щסˣ




1613
 

纵νǳ׵ĸıˣ
ʵϣҲ̫ĹϸΪɽٷڼ
Ѿûô˼ȥ̸ˣ
ȻʵŮоһֱǷǳĲϧʱ䲻ԡ
Ժлһλʱ򣬻ǸʱǿԵġ
ڣֻܹԼļʲôĶиذδߡ
ȥɽ磬δ֪
ڶ߶һ֮ûɵʹ
׻ơǣ
һǵʱѾһԺˡ
쳽ĳɹƱԭϼһӭ˻Ի͵һҳ
ȥˣϼѾȡ˳ĽҲ֪һʱϼƽȥˡ
ӦɵʹҲˡ
ԭڽԪƽףҲƽȥ
Ժ׽ȻɵʱʱҲٺܶˡ
ң
׾һҵʱѾ֮飡
ԼǸɶ憴Ҳ֪ôˣ
һǣҲǴȥ憴ֻǸյң㷢Щ֣
ţôһ˶ûУЩֵĸӦҡ
ߵҵſڵʱȴǼұſھȻһ޴ķ
סˣҪ֪ǰһһʱǸزĿ
û뵽֮Ȼӣ׶оһƣ
ǳ飬Ҳһ绰ûаɣ
˭
ʱһɢߴţ׶ҵſڿȥҲǳʵ
үãԵѣǼǡ
׿λүҲЩֵʵ
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ʼүմӹǴһϲģû뵽ȸһţ
ŶŶŶԭǹѰǾѹˣСȥӦһʱ˰ɣ
ϴүҲǵͷƺΪʲô֪ԭ
һȥ꣡
Ǿѹˣϴүһ̾Ϣ׿ϴүʵү⡭ҵô°
˵ϴүʼ渵
ԭG42ǿ֮Ҳ׼һġ
˭룬ҹ˾ǸܼྐྵȻЯˣһҴʽѵ״̬
ˣӦòܰɣôʽ𡭡üʵ
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ǸϴүףʵҲǰһ£
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Ǿʽ⣬ҲƣȻʽΪʲôԼ绰أ
ײ֪ǣԼ״绰
նǴ˽״̬Ҳͷˡ
ײӵ绰ǰ˾ǲԼһôġ
ٺԾƲˣȻͱˣ
ʵϣ׵ʱػߵĴУǸʱӵĵ绰أ
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𾪵ĿǸүôҲû뵽үӾȻѾˡ
ǶĴܹһ˸ǿܲĥ
Ҳˣ֪ˣһȥμءȥɡ
ǸϴүףҲ΢΢һ̾ƺڸ̾ıĪ⣡
үǡ֪Եźͺȥ𣿡
һھ֮飬û뵽Ȼᷢı硣
ҾͲ֪ˣҲΪ鲡ˣƺֵĲأ
үԵľͦģ״˿ֻҪ֪憴ʲôط
ԥһµллүɣԼȥҰɣ
ͻȻˣ֮ǰԼ͸憴һ壬ǿһҪҵ憴ʵѣ
ԼղһүȥϢҲЩתˣ
ֻҪҵ憴һеⲻ֪
λϴү׵Ҳ΢΢һ̾СˣѣɵúúõİСƽʱǶͦģ
һ˿ʶѾʼɢˡ




1614¼ҳ
 

ǵһʵСѧ
憴걻׾ʱѾˣ憴һĺһѧ
憴꼶ҲҵˣҪ֮ǰѾѧУҵ憴ϲ˾ǵһʵСѧ
Ҫ֪Сѧھ൱ţ棬ѧѧУġ
˵ÿƽ׵ļ۸Ѿʮʲô
Ҳ˵ҪһѧУѧĻʮƽҲǽİ
õѧķۣ
ǾǵһʵСѧͷȻˣĽҲ൱Ĳ
ʦǸѧУʦеأ
ϾҪû˭ҲܳѧУõѧУġ
죬ǾǵһʵСѧ꼶ҳӣÿѧҪͬҳ׼ģ
憴˿һһţһſϣ
ԼĸӦûҪһܹأΪԼĸϰࡣ
ҲǱȽϵĲңΪҵļҵ䣬̫̫һȥ
Ƿ˼ʮڵдԼɷڴ棡
ȴûκε
ԭȥͶңû뵽Ĵ羹Ȼʱˡ
Ϊ飬۵ĸ׵JLʡķ⽮Ҳǲˡ
ݲһ࣬ŮоͷôıʣڼԼӸŮ˺һĺġ
ԭҪŪĽϣҲΪԴ
Ϊ˲ԼĸѹҲΪԼʵ
һ֮µĽԼԼĽλİ˾ǮھʵСѧĸ˸ӡ
һķ⣬Ѿǻȥ飬ԼöָʱҲʣ޼ˡ
ûа취£ۿʼȥӪҵԱ̸¸涼ǳĲ
ҲǿǿԶˡ
ھǣۿԼһ߰ǧǮĹʣάͥճ
٣Ϊһٿ۵ĹǾٿǮ
ٿǮǰĽ˵ֱëë꣬ǶڵĽ˵ǾһʲСĿˡ
ԣǿҳᣬҲȵ°ܹ
ҳĵӾͿʼˣȵ۹Ļ¶ѾҪˡ
憴ǼҼҳأ
憴İһʮµŮӣĵͦഺġ
ʦеҪһأ
憴ϾǸӣҲʵʵ˵
ɫһûн𣿽ļҳǳҪǵļҳزҪȱϯǰҵĻԷǰɣ
Ҫϰġ憴һҲ֪˵Щʲôˡ
ԴӼ﷢֮憴ҲһֱǺܺá
濴憴˵ô°˻ǰɣ
ʦҴˣ
憴ҲίļҽĵǸȻΪԼд
ˣߣվȥʲôʱ򵽣ʲôʱ˵
ЩĵĿ憴ʵѧУЩӵļָ̬ͥƵġ
Ͼܹѧĺӣĸǲģ
憴ƲϢҲжˣ
ԭһ꼶տѧʱյ憴ĸ׸Լһš
Դһ꼶һѧڸ֮󣬺Ҳû
֮˵憴ƲˣҲĲ憴ɫˡ
憴λҲԭĵһűڵһţҪ֪憴ΪȱӪ֮ǰͷһֱǺܸߵġ
ڸһѧȻһţⲻò˵ʦԭˡ
憴ͷȥ
ԿóСǳίܶ˶ָָ㡣
ǾǰǸӣƲˣ治֪߶鰡
ǣǰ˵ҶӰһǮģһգ۵Ĺˣ
ҪĸĻ˼Ѻ͵ط飡
ǰ⺢Ժ󳤴˵öԱˣѾʦкˣǼҶӿɲһ𣡡
ЩҳһȥҲΪۣ
ھһʱҪһûƲĻ˭ҵ˶Ҫͷ֣
ֻڿ²̫һˣ
憴ȥûмͽһӣһɫз
ֻżȻ¶ǵȥЩֲ
ӵԱҲվһЩ΢ֵкһ憴ͺٺһЦ֣
Сģ
Ǹɫзӿˣһںܶ˶֨ˡ
ǿĸףһˣҲЩ
ʦɣҵƬ
ͳһƬȥǳİԵ
زŶ³磿ŵòһûаƬˡ




1615
 

磬زŶ³
ʵһز˾Ķ³ϡ棬Ҫ֪ѧУνǸ·ۣ
кܶܵĶӻӣһЩƱһ㣬ʵϺۺһЩˣ
ԼҲ֪Լϣʲʮˣ
憴ǺǮˣҪûƲĻ׸ˡ
ǼұϾƲˣ
ҲôɫкˣҲ̲ʲôĺôǣ
ǿ憴ͬ
ʵǿļͥӰҲرΪ֮ǰҳʱһֱǿĸġ
ĸ׵ְҵдֻĳ˾ĲԱ˾ֶûУ
ǿĸ׵ְҵֻдһ廧
ټǿһƽһֱƤĺܣͰƤͷ˺憴һ
һҲ憴ǿˣ
ôҲû뵽ǿĸ׾ȻǺزŵĶ³
زǸʲôģھǵȦʵܶ˶֪ġ
زŵıǿǺŵ˰
ǸʲôģǿΪĵĴֻЩת˶ѡ
ձزŵĶ³ǿ൱ţģ
³ҡǿİ棡
ЩΡΡָ֣ɫȥЩŵġ
Ͼ֮ǰһֱΪǿԲչˣȴҪԼɫ֡
ֻ˼ҵݣЩ׵Ȧˡ
ֺգ˵Ҷڰ༶һǰɣ
ǡǸ³ʵǿͬѧģԸģ
ɫһ죬ղŸ憴̬ȣȫǻһһ㣡
һˣʵһνһҾҲûʲôҶӱСӸˣСӻһ㶯ִҶӣô˵
Ҳɫһ
ļҳԭǿĸȥģǿȴԼϵ˵ԼѧУ۸ˡ
һ⻹ˣɾôһӣҪǱ۸ˣǲǳô
⡭³ôأ̴Ʊ鷢һദģ
ǣദôദЦһ
³Ҳ֪С֮ĿİʵҲġЩɫѿ˵
ӣ㵱ʦ˵Сôģ
翴憴ɫһ
ʱյĵλҪһ˻Ǻɵ飿
ΪСӣ绹ˣ
Ҳڵȴ憴ļ˹Ҫ֪֪Ӧô
ɵӣǿ憴˵
˵ǿҪڱ˵ǰչһԼϵǺţġ
ȴҪԼнڼ̤ϵĻϡ
憴ǿͬѧĻ𣿡憴ŭһ
ģ
ԭΪ憴϶ǴҲϵģû뵽Сһϵôˬ죡
СӣҶӻôֱ׳ҳأһ˵ģ
۾һɣ憴ҲЩµˣ
憴ǿҰְ֣Ҳģ
֣ҲûأֱǸεģ
ǿ憴һԼϵҲ¡
ӴǣԭǸͷĶӰҲ㵹ùˡҶӣǲǣ
Цһڱ˿Ҫִ憴ˣ
濴ӣҲǸϽ³⡭ѧУļҳᣬҪҪȻһῪ˼ҳ˵ɣ憴ĸ˵Ҳʶǰŵܾԣ
ԭǸƲļһﰡ˵أ˲ӻôţ˵
С
ԭҳģʵҲ׼ġ
û뵽Լϰ˵飬Լϰ徹ȻΪԼҵͬԼǰһ°࣡
ý۽ϵĸҳᣬû뵽ſڣͿԼĶӱ˽棡
衭
憴ʵرĺ£Ǹʱȴַǳ
񿴵Լˣ˵Լĸ׵Ļȥˡ
Ӵǣ˰мû˰ⶼɻˣ
ʶ۵ģҪ֪۲ԵţԭһԺյݣ
۵ĸ֮ǰJLʡķ⽮
Ѿˣ߲ĵ˭ȻҲĺܡ
Щ㵵Ŀ磬û뵽߾ȻһһʱɫҲǺ




1616°Ե
 

³ҸƺûʲôԹɣ
۴˿Ҳ˲ˣ˵ƲˣûƲʱʵزҲǲĴڡ
Ϊ֮ǰ˵Ǹʲôģ
زǿǺŵĲҵſһɼΪǿ
ֻû뵽Լطܹˣ
ǰһЩԹϵģһǶԹⳡϵĶԹԲǣ۵棬ǡ
翴Žɫ˵
ʵҲ֪ҽҲ˵Ȼ
ߵĿֻһǾԺѧУû˸۸Ķӣ
ڿۣҲǸһĻᣡ
ǰۻнһһҲûˡ
ȻǸӵɵˣ
ӵԼĶӣʲô
ĶҵĶӣҪҶӣ²ô׽İɣ
ȻˣȻҪԼ̬ˣ
ۿԼĶʵСô˵ģѧУҪԵأôܹأ
裬ǿְֵģ˵ְǸˣ˵ְˣ
憴˵ΪֻǸӣȥˡ
ڼͥıʣҲֻ˵˼һЩѣܿͻõġ
憴ȻЩɻ󣬿Լĸס
Ȼ˵Լİְˣܹܵأ
翴ȥһ׺ݵģҲŵò֨
ҪԼˣ憴ǲѯء
ûе£Сְֻȥˣ㲻ҪЩϹ˵৵һ¾͵
壬ֻԼвܹף
ĸףҪѧǿ
翴ŽЦһεֲʲôܣƭ˼𣿹ֲôдʣǲ֪
磬Ǽҵʲôϵ
Ҳŭˣֱ̫
С֮Щ죬ҲѧУֵطðɣ
Ǽǵ¸һëǮĹϵҶӣ˵ôɣ
ۣȻҪȣȻҪһȵף
ԺǸ˶пԼͷʺˣ
ô죿ʵ
ӵȫͬѧҶӵǸȻϽѧУҹȥ
һĹݵˣҲ˵ǸɶӰ졣
͵ѧУȥĻ۶ܲˣ
ΪһӾʵСѧȥĻʱѧûУ憴ôѧ
憴ѾѧУѧˣСѧ׶ǲҪˡ
۳磬ƾʲôҶӸӵǸƾʲôʵСѧתѧСӳ죬Ҳܹ
ˣ
˵䣬ʵѾ˺ܶ࣡
Ͼһʱ̫֮ҪˣЩأ
ѲɾͿǼǧǮһµĹܹ򷿣
翴ŽۺٺһЦҾ͹ܲôˣκ鶼Ҫ۵ġСҲһοĶӣ
磬㡭̫ˣ
֪ӦôˣΪôԼ磡
ĲԸ⿴ԼĶӸǿǸԸ⿴ԼĶ뿪ѧУ
һʱ䣬ˮѾǴʪԼգ
憴ԼĸڿҲˮΪƺ֪һЩʲô
Ҿ۸ôΰ˵ˣôΰҸǣ˵飬һǿɾͲô򵥵ˣ
֮͸һŨŨвζ
ҡҾͲһ졭
ҧҧķǳ
ûа취һĸףʱҲֻܹͷˡ
ȻڽĺԼĸףȻԼɷ򣬿ò顣
ʦ
翴ŶӣѾЩŭˣ
³ң
Ҳ쳣ƣⶼʲô°
ĵﲻλŵĴмǿҪ鰡
˵Լô࿴ֵģ¶ﲻ˰
Сӹ˵ӦòѰɣ
濴ӣҪ˵ѶȵĻԼᵹù͸ˡ
ʵЩ̫ϲ憴СӸҲûжĹϵ
̵³ҡҸǽ̵ηһӦÿԵİɡ
ɣˣϻиҪμӣ
憴ǸǸʵ˵һ㶼Ҫ
Ҫñ˿Լļ⣬ˣʱԾǵȥ
۵͸һӵľôҲû뵽쾹Ȼ飡
״˿Ѿվ棬ֻûнɫѾ˼㣡




1617
 

ʵ۲ʱߵģ
۵ʱԭҪǰкģۼҴҵĳŽҷ˹ȥ
ԵʱҲûж룬ֱӾ͸ȥ
û뵽ԼȥȻһĻ
ߣ
׺ôߣɽķǳߣ
ҲһЩΪүӵΣɲʲôĺ
һСӣһŮˣȻ˸˾·
׻˵úãӼ˻ҧأļһﾹȻܹ˱Ƶϡ
Ϊľν棿ȻôֵǮ׻ҪƤǲǽˡ
С
׵ϲһ˿ɫʣŽ˽ȥ
ְ֡
憴һ׵ĵ۵һ¾Ϳ˳ƺеһ̵õй
ţְ֣Ǻǣţ׵սȥ˾Ͱ˸С
˵Ҳǲأ
һԵĽ۸ûһﵽʲô
ΪһԾˣףôҲû뵽ʱ׾Ȼˣ
ʱѵʱҼѰףΪǾǿ԰Լġ
Ҳ̸ģͳ憴ĸɵӦҲǻİɣ
սϢǣԴĵ绰û˽ӣһص綼ûУ
һ̣жҲһƬң
ףΪپԼĶӲ𣿸ǰҶȹһѹأ
û뵽׻һεĳǵǰûУ
죬۾Լһαһ죬г˾֮ɫ
ղŻȥԼĴ磬ԼĶӰһѧУΪĴ
֪ԼǸԼˣΪһˣ
ʢʱҲǷһʲƣɵҪʱȴ飡
û뵽Լ˾ʱ̣׾Ȼˣ
С£ְأ
ױ憴ǱѾǿ磡
ʦϽȥŸʲô
һĻҲŵøϽˣ
ɩӣˣ
תͷŽǱ߿˹ȥ
㡭㡭ȥ˰һףҲ৵һ
ЩǸȻ˵֮ǰȥ꣬үӵҺܱǸ
ǹȥˣ
ʵ֮ϣõ׵İѾһ̡
Լ˵һ׾ܾԼľûκεϣˡ
ѡ˳ĬҪǼҵĻȻԹۡ
֮ĻԼ˵ǲȡ
٣һҰҶˡ翴ףֿһ˿Цݵ·ɱҧˣ
һȥ˵ķ𣿡
׿˵
Ӵǣ˸İ絹Ҳգ˾
һԵĽСĶ׵ǡ
Ƕ߲ǸûκεĹϵСҳǰɣ׿Žʵ
ţѧУҳᣡҲǵͷ
΢΢һЦȻҳᣬǾ£ӵѧҵҪȿ̸ɩ¡
˵꣬ʾҲǱ憴λϣ
һԵЩˣղôţıôʱ䣬ڱ˸ˡ
оԼ񱻺ݺݵһƵĸо
ζ̬Ѿǳ׵ʧȡ֮һȻ
Сӣվ
翴ף͸һɺ⣬˵ǸŮ˼ô˵涯ֵĻ
ôеģǺѹˣ
ΪŴмʵǷǳĲģѰ߰˸Ҫ̫ףҲΪʲôһߵԭ
ֻû뵽Ȼͷˣ
ܴ谡
ҪҪҰɵȱ⣡׶ԴһﻹûһĲ
Ȼʵǳǿ黹صסһߵġ
Ҳ˵һ׼
˵һֵͨأôͻǳأϾˡ
Ҫ˵ݵĻ翸ӵݿǷǳţģʲôطӦʲô飡
ǰ磬Ѿͻ׵ĵˡ
ټүӵ׷ǳھΣһǱȽϵùˡ
ײ׵ǹˡ
ܳѾġ
ֱӳһԵһӣֱӾ׵ķ˹ȥ
ͻɽֱӽһԿֵЩ˸ŵķɢ
Сİ
ۿǰľ󾪺һڿбŵ憴ŵҲ۾յĹԲ




1618ү
 


һŵֱӱٹͷԸоһӣ
һһǲҲǸˡ
һûҪԼ߳Ұ
ܶҳѾǽԼߺӵ۾סˣϾһĻȥЩѪȵĸо
¶һ˿ЦŶҪֱ棬οһ·Сأ
һ뵽ղСһ㶼Լӣŭգ
˿̣еŭ𶼼棬ĿֻһǾҪǰһſ£
֮µŵӣЦһ
ֱһѽӸݺݵס绹ûзӦʱ򣬾ͷŵѾԼƣ
ţŵӾΥѧԭһ㣬Լĸǰ˹
׻ŷִģҪȻǱҳˣ
ײԼĺǰ̫ѿ˲ѵһʵЩԣ
飡
һ죬űһͷѵ
һﵹҲǹ֣Ȼ۳ӣȻûпһ
ͨ
类һƹҵֱӵϥأһֻԼĸ첲г֮飡
ʵû뵽һﾹȻĸһ֣ҳ־Ȼ˵ĺ
һƬž֮
ƵĴϢ֮⣬ʣµ˼Ŀɿڴ

׳һɢһӵɱ֮
Ҫǿ憴СڳķϵĻԲһġ
Сӣߣ
ҲԥԼôĿܹأ
ԼѾôأҪǰһһһĵĻʱ˵Ŀ»Լ
ҲЩһ·ˣѡΪ׵ķʽ
ΪĴм֮һܹôλãݱȽϵ֮⣬Ҳһ棡
úǰ
ô򵥵ĵܹأ
̧ͷ˿ڲߵĻǿɾͲǶһ첲ô򵥵ˣһ
ôһһֵţҧҧֱӴԼĶ뿪ˣ
˰
˿бжôıˣ
ûоԼܵ˵ܴ裬úŴмȻһͷ൱ô˵ˣ
˵ȥ˵ģ
һԼĶӸǰ˸ˣܲ˵飡
ֻԼҲ룬ûĹأ
˿̣ܶ˶ǵһ
˶Ǳſֵ̬²Ѹ߸߹
Ժܶ˶ǸӵڴҪǴźŵ˹СǲҪˣ
˶ǲ̫СӣСҪ˭Ļᶼûи
ĵȵ֪ݵʱһӵģ
ۿףҲʿˮҡҿǻ߰ɣաղǸǲ𣡡
ûµģΪ̫æˣЩСˣΪҵүѣѾܹⲻȥˡû뵽쾹Ȼ˸Ҹɶӵͷϣǲ۾
׵Ŀмһ˿ķŭ˵ʵ憴ʱҲһܣ
С憴ǶֶѰչϺûмĹ򣬾飡
ĸûйϵǹǣҲͻˣ׸ղŴֵӣҲ֪Լˡ
̾һ憴ҵĸɶӣΪҲܼȰɣɩİɣԴҵϣһҾ˰ų
㡭а취һᵽԼϹ˶
Цŵţ취ǱѶ࣬İɣȥú˯һһȥ憴ˣȴ绰
һԭǹҺţҪĿľΪ̸һϼŹɷתõ飡
Ҳ˼鷳ϣ˵ʵҲֻкܹôЧĽ⣡
ְ֣а취Ұְ𣿡憴˵Ļƿһ㣡
˽ˣ»ǺӦ˵ʽ
ױ憴ЦЦţİɣְǳ㲻֪𣿡
Ͼְܹ𣿡憴ͷЩʵ
ţİɣһ
ֻͨ˺ϵĵ绰˵ʵϼûж೤ʱ䣬Ҳ֪ϵڲھǡ
ھǵĻҲ˰ˣ
Ե鿴ҲǲˣԿóʵѾЩˡ
ײ绰۵һƺĿʼƽ
Ȼ۴û׵ʲôˣ֪Ҳһˣ




1619ţ
 

Ͻӵ׵ĵ绰ʱھǿᣡ
ߣ˵ҪҪԼ˵ҲǴǰ飡
˵ʵںϵĹѾתƵ˺ϼŶԽˡ
һеص㶼Χϼչġ
ҲЩ֣Ϊʲô׻ھǵһʵСѧߣ
ǵһʵСѧ
˽˶꼶һĽ棡
֮ǰ滹Щ£ôҲû뵽ǿĸ׾ȻǴĺزŵ磡
Ҫ֪Ƕŵģ
⾩ǵһʵСѧȻ˵ֻһѧУ˵ʦǶ֪ģ
磬šү
ǿǾǴ֮һҲΪʲôղȥ憴ʱû˿ԥһԭ
ȵһүﲻ𰡣ȻˣһԭԼҲһѾƲ˵ˣ
˵ʵѧУܶʱȻľͻһ׸Ƶĸо
ܶ˶úѧУãЩʱѧУúǰһ㣡
ǺܿĻѧʱȣǺܿѧɫ۾ˣǺܿѧûͬģ
ԣκһںӵĳɳʵб׵ġ
죬İ֮ǰľ鷢չȥĻô憴СɾһصĴ
С³أ
˽Ϊ׵Ǹ˿һ쵼ģ
˵˽ܣǾǵһʵСѧĽ̵Ρ
ɱС̵ΣѧУʵȨɵ
ٺãСӵİɣ
ֻҪСھǵһʵСѧѧǾͱҪܵӡ
ֱ쵼ȻܣȴԾˣ̬ܵ쳣ĺõġ
̵Σղ³أ˰ɣ
ղ³˵ǸС˭
ɨһȦȻʵ
ָָһ׻е憴ΣǰԵĶӣ
ȥ걻ץǸ
ܶ˽ҲǷǳĹ㷺ġ
λãкܶ㲻òȥ˽һ¡
Ȼܱܵܶ˵أҲɵӣ˼ҵСԼ༸ʱ䡣
ʶһϰĻԺҲܶˡ
ͱ˵ܼеЩݣܶ඼ǿܰŹġ
ֻҪܿڵĻ϶ûġ
ЩϰһҲҪӵģԼĶӱҵˣŵԺһиֻ̥̥Լɶأ
ȻܹôЩ˵۹ŵȻҲǳԶġ
Ҫ֪ܽʮ꣬ǵݻжʮʱ䡣
ʮ꣬˼ôҲ·İɣֻ棬ʵҲһͶʡ
ǵģ
濴Ž۵ӣҲ˵һģɵĻϾֻ˵ʵͦ˵ġ
ҪڵĻܻ˵ķǳĿ϶
ϾڣҲЩӣǣ
׿첻ǿҳ𣿼ȻǿҳᣬǾͺúõĿ
ʲôʱ򿪻Ҫָ˭ܿ
Ψһжϵǣ憴ʲôģ
Ȼ憴ݻˣô³϶һ·ˡ
ǳŹģȻҪƨˡ
ΣΡ
ʱ򣬰༶һҳվܺ
ӴǣܣҳᰡܻͷһҲЦǺǵǰֵ
ĵܣ
ʵ༶ĺӼҳ棬û憴Ļõˡ
ȻˣƲ֮󣬳ҲǳΪ˰༶ţļͥˡ
Ҫǽ֪ǿϵȻǺزŵ維³Ļ治֪༶澹Ȼһء
ʵҪֺһģȻˣɳȴ֪϶ġ
ϵģزִţǿǴͻ
ڼһϵǵĳҧҧվ˳
ȻˣҲǺʺùϵĺʱ
Σҿҳǿ˰˿ףȻܳ
˵ܰγ԰һ㶵
Σղ߿Ƿ˴ܶŹ¼λղŰ³ĸ첲ˣ
ʲôȻ飿³أ𾪵Ŀųʵ
³ˣӦûɣ
Ŀ˿ףֻ׵ϿκεĲ
СӲ£û뵽˾ȻҲ̰ѧҿҳҺȥ
һĻҲǳŭһ
һӱýϾ̵һĻ¾ûصˡ




1620ε½
 

꼶һ࣡
ڰ༶ţҲЩǣ
ʲô̫֪ˣȻûм磬ŵͷ˵ģ
ˣ˭ܹ𰡣
ھȻѧļҳֱӰˣⲻ
˵һܻҪ֪һˣ鵽ʱͲðˣ
ԣһݣ³֮ǰ³һ̬Ⱥˣ
ǺǣκôĹʲôɿҶأ
׿СһϴҲЦһ
ЦһЦǣʲôɣҸ㣬ҿҪκεɣ𣿡
ҪκεɣΪѧУ㿪ģǹѧУɲأ
׵ҲǲżҲڵȺϣ˵Ҫһܹ
Ȼ˵Ļеʱǲ
ţ
ڱ˿һ𣬿Լеġ
Ͻģʰҹ
ĺˣҶҲСѧˣʦָܹ̳ʲôѧأ
ȻòˣѧͼҳѧУҲҪܸˡ
׿ܵڿԹ˰ɣ˵ΪʦҿĸԵˣ
ҸҪΪʦȻִˣʲô˰
ǰɣղ˵ΪҴԲſҶ憴ǰɣ
׿ܣ¶һ˿Цʵ
ǵȻѧУԲûʵļҳڣ
Ȼ˵ָ֪ˡ
һãҺεۣȻĻǽô˶ˣǸղǸһȶִҵģֻڻѣǰ༶涼ͷģȥһ¼Ӧþ֪ˡ
㡭
ܱ׸Ǻòһ˵ˣ
׿ܳβ˫ر׼ɣ
ʲô˫ر׼ҿû˫ر׼ڳ˭³ˣȥʿ˵еģ̿³Ķӣ
ܰһ׸Щҳˣ
Щҳ˵Ҫ˵ĻǵΣǸǵ簡
ԺҪԼ鷳ô죿
Ŷһ²һµԭ򣬴˿̾ȻûһҳΪ֤
ɨһȦˣ˶ǵͷ
׿Ц˼ǾõѧУǸӵĽһʵ˵ǻӣ
ٷϻҸ㣬ڴţСҪˣҪ³Сһ𿪳ǰɣҸ㣬Ҽˣ
ֱӸ׾͸ˣҪվһˡ
ǿİְȴ憴İְֵġ
׸Ǻʱ򣬴Ӻŵһ洫һŮ
ԭֵĳƺһӾͰˡ
ʵ۵±˸Ҵһ㣬һʱܵɫͨ죡
˭վ
ܵɫǸƨһ㣬˸оһĸЦ
˼ΣǼ½¡
ʱһӿܣվкɫ֮俴ŷǳĻţ
½Σҿ㲻˰
½εŮ½Ȼʱ˵ĻҲ΢΢̾һ
ְ֣ղģΪʲô˵
½½Σͯ½һЩƿԣ
С˵ţ½㣬㵱˵˵³ղûжִˣɵ˵ʵ
ܵɫ൱䣬ʵû뵽һ
ҪҪƤҲһҪˣȻŭˣ
½Ҳһıʵ֪ԼŮ˵滰֪ʵ
½˵ʵزʲôĸûκεĹϵ
Ҳһز˾ĸܣȦһЩǲǵġ
½ԼѲɲ֪
˭ǿǺزŵĶ³˼һ仰Լְλͱסˡ
½ڻķǳĲ˼һ仰Ҳ԰ԭΣ
˿̣˵Ŀⶼ½εϣ
½ε֮һʹ࣬һԼƷѧŵŮһԼǰ;ͼͥΣ
֪һԼ˵˻ѣԼŮ˺ǳ󣬿ڼѵľţ
½ʹģҲû˵
ҲѾ˴㣬ֻҪ½ôѡˡ
½θҪ˵ʱŮһεקקԼİְֱ֣ܲˣ
˵ʵ˵ʵȷղ³ȶ׼λģ
˵꣬½αԼŮ
½Լİְ֣Ҳ˴Ĵְָ֣
½μһ˿ЦԼŮʵЩ̫ʹˣòǿջЦΪһף




1621´Ӽк
 

½̾½θоһʲôֵˣ
Ϊһף˿̳˺ܶܶѹ
ɿŮĴָǸһһжֵˡ
ȻбŵԼŮܹġ
úúã½ܣΪƾһ֮ʾܹʹڳô˶ûпһ˿ˣ
ڵھǺˣ
һصģνʣһͬʣû˵ɾӣҿ㣡
ߣҸ㣬̸ҳȥС
ŭףһﾹȻԼһε²̨ǸԼף
Ѿ߳ŭˣѾìܿǰһ֮ìˣǿԼһìܣ
Ρ
ŵҲЩ֨ѾЩ㲻ʲô״ˣ
ǰν憴İְôôţأǷ蹷һ˾ҧ
ѲͲıѲĲ
һȥϵһУ칫ǱߣСʲôġ
憴̲
ԶԶԣ憴ģǸʲô½ǰɣѧ̿ܲҪ憴Ҫ½
һԼҪ½৵һˣ
½οԼŮڿҲǳ׵ŭˣ
˵һʵҲĲǸ˰ɣ
½γܣʲô˼
ʲô˼ҵ˼ǿŮ˵ʲô˼Ҹ㣬ŮԼҲรɣ
֪磬Щһú
ѧУһ˾ͿԸ㶨ѧУȻҲǿԸ㶨
Ӧ˫赣ܾ֮ҲЩ޴ģ
ƾʲôʲôȨǼҹŮ̵εʵ˶ģҾ˵һʵѣƾʲôҸ㣬Ȩ̵ȡأ
½οܣҲǳ׵ķˣ
ԭ½ֻǵԼû뵽»ԼŮôӰ죡
ƾʲôҸƾʲôƾҽܣ𣿡
̬ܵʵ̫ˣԼţǽŭ죡
׺½˲Լӣû뵽ʼûվ׺½εĽǶȥ˼⡣
һľεĺƨȥ˵أ
žž
ƣֱ˦ܵϣ
һѪˮ֮бĳ˼ݣֱӱƸƷڵأ
¡
һڿϵ⶯ֵĻǷǳĴ
ֶˣһôĸɴһԵ½οǽһ
㡭Ҵǽ̵Σɴ۾ףһҲ̫ţ˰ɣ
Ҵ磬ԼҵĽ̵ξȻҴ
Ҫ֪˭ǼβǿͿģͻȻ俴ΣһӻоЩܲء
˵ʵеǷ飬Ҫ£ҿ죡
Ĵ˴Լ֣һµӣ
һԵ½ο̵˵Ҳ̫嶯˰ȥ鶼ûص˰
ҲûдصأҴ˸ղǸ֮󣬻صֻһʵ̫ʶ̧ˣҪ
׵˵֪½֮еĵǣ
ǸϽ߰ɣٲ߿ˣ۴˿ɫɷף̫ˡ
׸ղŴʱѾŵò֪˵ʲôˣְѽ̵θˣ
ҪԼ𣿽ôоϽ͵أ
һԵ½ҲǸϽǰúǰҿ㻹ǸϽ߰ɣ
ǣأ׵Ҳǲż½ʵ
ңҲ߲˰½΢΢һ̾ܵ˺ܲ
ߣƺҲûʶף˻طҪҲô򵥵İɣ
ֻǺŵôӴҪҸʵ̫ˣ
һﵽ˭ҿǸӰɣ˾ʹأ
ֹǷӰֱȱ˺üֵģ
үҴˣǿҲҲ˰ɣ˹Ʋˣ
ƺ˰ɣһүˣҹСӾǹĶûˣ
ǣĻʵһƾҪү嵥ˣ
µЩҳ۷׷ףܱ˷ʱߵѾ׳˷һ㣡
ԼҪ˵Щʲôʵ̫ˣ
ءΣſ˺öˡ
ʱһнʦ˽ɫǳĽţ




1622¾
 

ôˣ
ǸʦŻŵĽɵһܵӵʱҲ±ˣ
ܾȻ˸ˣ
Ҫ֪ǿҳᰡҪǱ˸ˣǶ˿ɶѼȥˣ
һ̵Լĵ̱˸ˣ˵ȥӶ˵ġ
ﻹԼôһ˺öˣҲǼ˵Ͻ˽
ΣǡǿɶԱ
ʦܣ㲻쵽ôˣ
ѧУ
ܿǽ̵ΣһﾹȻ˵ȽҪǱУ֪Ļǻˣ
˰ǽͽ˻ôΣ
֪Լľˣ
˿̣ܹҵôߵģ绹ܹ˭أ
ֻҪһҪүִԼСǲǻôţƣ
һСӿ϶ǹģ
ɾǹأ죬һҪСӲҲѲƤ
үˣ
֪ĸҳſڴϿһۣȻ󾪺
ѧУٳ棬ʮźɫɫվ棬˿ϴʯվ룡
ۡô찡
۽ŵĿףһԵ½ʵҲ࣬Ϊûκεİ취
˿̿ΨһȽ򶨵ף½ξԼʮ󼸵ˣȻһС򶨣
ЩԳʱﻹô˼أ
ܿ㡭͵㣡
һȥһȻŽ۵ɩӣˮڣûµģİɣ
áðɡ
ɫŵĿףȻҲϣû£֪ʵ
ܲǻǾҪǵĺðһˣʱܾͺѰˡ
Ǳˣʱ
½ʿˮҪҪȻҸһȥ
ȥΪʲôҪȥҪҲˣҿûй⳶
⻰˵һԺܶ˶оƣʲô
˼Žүܹô߶Ҳڶˡ
ʵܶΪΪţҲΪʲô׸Ҵ磿
ѲûȻǣ
ֻܶ˾Ѿǻƽ׾ţܹţȥأ
ҪĺţĻҶˡ
ֵģ
¥£һŭ֮˿ɫ쳣ѿ
򡭡³ˣô죿½ǼˣǵﲻЩ˰
½θ֪˵̩Ȼ֮ġ
׿½ε½ܣѾ˵ˣøʲô͸ʲôôǡǷᣡ
㡭Щ˻̸ǿɶǡ
½Ҳ֪Ӧôȥݺˣ;ЩӲĸо
ղ㶼˼ˣڷҪ˼ҽɣⲻǳô
ֵģڸһλᣬҹȥ
˽˿ڶ꼶¥棬Ѿкܶ˿ǰһУ
Ƕ֪׷ʲô飬ѾǾ˵һʵСѧУ
ǵһʵСѧСѧУ־ǽŸոУְġ
ΪõСѧУҲ緢
ֻѧУ֮ŷֲôļ򵥣ѧУĹϵʵ̫۸һЩ
־оԼѾǵУˣԼǽһ㣬ָӵ¹ϵҲһơ
ܽһ㣬Ǿܲ˾ЩǱҪסģ
־ڰ칫ڣЩɫ˳ѧУ洳ʱҲǸϽ·ص˹ȥ
־һˣûи֮ǰԲģ
꼶һ࣡
˿̣ҸǰΧˮйͨܶ˶ʶģ
˶֪˭ȻŭλŵĴУ
翴׵˾ȻһĶûУҲʵŭ
ϴǼһﲻ˰ɣҪȻǻȥɣҪҴСӵĻҷǰƤɣ
ԱߣһԲ׳
˸ȥСҪˣڵҲøҳ
һŭˣԼһμҳᣬԭ׼ţһµģ
һͱһͷˣ
ûˣҲˣ
ΪŴмʵǹҲסˣҪһ
ֻǵߵʱСӺö˶˵ǱߣеĿԼ
ţ
綼СǸˣ
ܹԼôƵߵˣһֶֻܹĹɣ
ǣûȤˣ׿ӣҲζ˵




1623ֶˣ
 

ûȤ
糹׵ıˣ˭Ű
СӻţƣȻҸԼô˵ֱҪˣ
ϴ󣬾Сӣ̫Ŀ˰ɣ
Ǹ׳û뵽ԼϴľȻôһȥ꣡
翴һԵǸ׳ϻȰһ첲ˣ˵
⻰˵һΧЩΧ۵ļҳֱӳſ˹ȥ
һԵ̵ܿ³ɵøұ𰡣
˭Ӹ㱨𣿹һȥ
翴ֻӸһͷķһ㣬Ҳһֱһȥ
¡
Ǹոպվһεı˸ˣһοȥң
Ķͷֱײ˿֮ϣͷѪѾ˳ˡ
³⡭ǽ̵ΰ
濴ЩײϣҲŵøϽ͵
Σ
һԼˣҲЩΣ
ܿһΣ˭Ӱ
ǸưѾձֵСӸһ٣ûվˣֱôһ£
⵽ʲôط˵ȥڲҸšͣ˭
ǿǺŵĴмһαҲֻܹҧ˸ԼĶʣ
ԼĶͷһ˿ȹҪЦݵ򡭡³͡СӴң˵㶼û⣬ҾСһ
Сô˵ģ
ˣģûмôģ
֪ĻΪСʲôӢţӢ۽ҲҪСӴɹܣ
үȥСӵ˺ˣ̫ˣȻǺŵүУ
һµĵһּ汣ϻŭһ
ϻȥɣǧСӸŪҪȻɾͲˡ
¶һ˿Цݣ׾ǿһһ㣡
۱憴еǹӽѾǳ׵ĳ
һԵ½ҲǱԼŮҲһֵģ
Ǹǻǻ㲻
쿴һǿ϶㲻˰
ǲǲ
ϻҡԼԴ֮дһĴ죬һǸӣ
˵ʵǹȷһЩɸϻȳ¶ȣǼֱͲʮǧˣ
ϻһû˵飡
ҪϻĻЩ¶˺üˣϻΪε£ȻҲսǿˣ
٣ȴأأ
ϻףϲһĥ˵ĸоһ˵ֻҪԷʣµľǻֵ̿ˡ
ֻһΣϻԼоһľȣ
ΪСѹûκεĺµɫ·һͷһ㣬ôԼ
ϻܹôˣϼûеģ
СǲǸɵȱ
ϻЦ˼Ҳûţ˿һȭѾǺ˳ȥ
ٶȡ
߼ϻĽһ𣬶״˿ҲǶ޿ɶ㣡
¶һ˿̵ЦݣϻȭͷҪ۵ʱҲЩѪӿ
׳գ
׵Ĺһ˿΢ЦϻȭͷҪԼĸ첲ʱǯһѾסϻȭͷ
ʲô
˻ûüʱ򣬸ĿһĻˣ
ֱ߬ϻ֣Ȼһϻ屻׵Ūڿֱһʮת
漴ص˵ϣ
¡˲䳾ϻ˿ҲǷһʹĺ֮
Ϊĳ˸ǾʮȣѾˣ
⻹û㣬һεץסϻһֱ첲ͬĶ
ԭſŵϻһαĽųĸо
ϻǲҰ׵ɫͶͷϸϸĺֱðҲʿˮ鲻Խ˼
ĸǰѾǲΡΡĻ
ֲ̫ˣ
ǿүµĵһϻôǴ˴Сһأ
׵ĳֱּ͸ڹҼһ㣬ϻϿҲϵôðɣ
ֲøղ˼һֱôĵ
һ̲ų׵ʶԼһܴӲˣ
ܴܴĹԼôĵ
粻ԱŭһֵǶϣŪ˵
糹׵ķˣ
ڶζ˰
ͬһܹ˶ôεģǺ
Сˣǻִ
ŭˣɲԼѧУأһҪһ




1624ͬ
 

Ŵеӣ
϶ǱֵǮ֣Щ˿صľǸӣ
ֻҲЩͷˣ
ҪǲһһЩɫƵĻԺԼںſ¶첻ȥˡ
ǵһʵСѧУ־飬˿̾ͻ켣Ⱥ֮У
Ҳһƣ磬Ȼûм
δˣԼѾ˵ˡ
Ȼ󣬿ţҲô࣡
ԭҪվģȳ֪Ӧôˡ
վɣԼһ٣ղɵһ
ɲվɣϹȥ
ԥĲУ־Ծһƶˣֱȿ̬չʲôز˵ɣ
ʱԼʰо֣ʮOKˡ
־ͷŴ˿̵ľƺЩܿƣҲԥ
־ԥԥ
˿̵аԥ飿ʮСһӾͳƵͦ˵ģ
׿Ҹһλᣬȥ
̸ӣ
ŭһĴһӣЩ˾Ƕʳһĳ˹ȥ
ʱ˽ĸӺ½θŮټ֮⣬˶Ѿǳ˳ȥ
Ⱥܣһ˺Լǿɾûˣ
ʱ˵ĵطûУѲ㻹ܹȥ˵
ӣҲ֪˲һˡ
СҪù˰үˣȻҶ֣
ϻʶģ˵ڵͦģСӴүȻִϻ磬ǲ֪ôд
ôҲûи˱
ɣүˣʱ˭ұСӾรɣ
µȺ֮ҲǱһ֮ͻʵЩ̫ͻȻ
ܶ߶֪ôһ£ôͶأ
һµĳ
˿̵׿ǰľҲЦЩһŵʲôľ˹
Ҳŭˣ
Щ˲ĿԼӶŹ
ĵ߶û
ֱһץסǰȳһˣֱӾķ˹ȥ
¡һһƬ
͸ոհںãȴһ޴ӰѾ˹˫һڣžͱ˸ҵڵأ
ž
һ˾㵵ķ֣ǸֵļһﾹȻվţϴ˿ѾżʮǱߣ
ȥڰ
ɴ۾ףոձ˷ɿʱҲסˡ
Ǻţƺûô͵Ĵְɣ
һ̣羹Ȼһְ֮⣬ҪһԼ˶ˣҪȥˣ
ԭֵĳһӱƽʣµǰ˴ҲǣҲǣ
ǶˢˢĿ磬Ҫѯϴ˼
ԼҲһ±ƣ֪ԼӦô찡
ءΣСӿ𣿡
оҪôȥĻԼ˶ˡ
ɱһĿ⣬ҪڲһصĻԺûûˣ
ˣ
ܴ˿̶֪ôԼ飬ָԼء
أ𲻵ûбˣҿȥԼֲ֧סˡ
ѾʲôŵĴѾţĺ
Ĵô˹Ϊô۵ģ
ƺһֻڶжôѹˡ
Ǹ憴СӸˣԼ˶Ҳ̫һЩ
ԺѧУô찡
ڵᵽһ͵ʴ׵ĸоΪֺ磬ŪԼⲻˣ
ҪǵʱԼ̬ȲôƫĻҲ˰ɣ
кҩûУ
ҶӣߣҿӦÿ㣬ȻΪѧУĽ̵ΣȻ˵Ȩ˵乫С㶼Źһʦ𣿡
Ȼ˵ڽʦ棬ǾǺȺ֮
ȻҲ֪ᣬʵкܶ࣡
ʵ˵飬憴½Ǹӣ˼ֻǸӣ˾Ȼ͸ôɣ
ܴ򲻹ˣҸ㣬ҿˣ
ܿףҲҧҧȥˡ
ʲôҪǸε鷳Ұ㶥ţ
лү
ʱҲǳ繰֣ôʱ䣬Ǹоҵһ
ֻ˿ȥһͬĸо
־鿴Щ˴ҲĲˣ׼Ҫֹ֧߳
ʱȴģӻһ߳˽
ֻǵ־鿴Ǹߵӵʱŵòһȶˣ




1625ºϼݵ
 

꼶һſڣ
ܶ˶ĿɿڴĿλ˽ܶѾǲԾؿʼλ·ˣ
ϣҶϤӳ˵ĸǰʱ򣬼һ
־鳹׵ЩȦˣʲô
ôԽԽأ϶ˣ
˿ϵʱҲЩľһ㣬ȥΪ𺳣
ϣôˣ
־һӴȺг˳վ˺ϵĸǰ
ϳǰһеô£ѧУǽ˵ĵطЩ˶ʲôطģ
ǡǸϣҲǸոյߣ
־жεĹǷǳţȻ˵ԼǸոյִߡ
ʵѾվˣֻҪ׼Բʱȴһվߡ
־˿лֱƺǰһУ
Щסˣ½Ҳסˣ
Ƕ֪ΪʲôôͻȻأ
Ͽ˿˳ֻǸպ·ѧУôΧۣҾ˳·
ȻгԼ׵ĹϵҲ̫ʡ
׼Լķ飬ڸ׵飬ʱ绰ϵˣ
ϣ
־ֱӰһúԭڵϵǰ˶Ȼ˳ȥ
ϾҲɵӣôһߣֻҪģ˭Ըվߵأ
ϳ˵˵ɣô£ǵһʵСѧõѧУҾȻôڴܶŹô°
ܴ˿ŵѾЩˣֱ
־ʵҲ֪׷ʲô飬˿һվŵһʦʦ
УҡҲǸյģʦЩŵ˵
Ϊ֪ô˵Ҫʵʵ˵ʱľΡ
Ҫ˵ٻһϸ˵ĻǵʱͬԲ˶ߣ
ڳô˶أ֪ΪʲôУ͵ĽԼ
̾ԼЩ簡
ҲǸģߣʱͿվˣ㾹Ȼ˵Ǹģ
־ʵһˣȻǿʦվ߱Լʱ仹
Уҡҡ
ʦǽһưΪʲôԼôù
Ѿվˣ֪Լٲ˵ĻʱУԼˣ
ˣҪŤŤģʲô˵ʲôҸ
ʮ㣬˵һְȫУ
ʦʿˮźϵϣʵЩ˵ġ
ˣֱӽˣҲϲٻ
ϿŻʦҲǳ˽ף֪ײһµˡ
οҪµĻЩ˸Ƕ֡
ײûôҪԼˡ
Ϻܿһ㣬ΪҲ֪׵սǿŵô˵һС
ǽģ⻹ҪԼ
ʦʼĽľһЩղЩ༶ļҳģ
ӵʱ䣬ʦѾǰľѾ˳һ飡
˵ȻһЩϸСĲ𣬿ǲ𲢲Ǻܴ
Ͽ׻е憴¶һ˿Цݵ憴Сǰɣ
үүá
憴ǳĹɣȻʶϣҲ֪ӦǴˡ
׳źҲ¶һ˿Цݣδ˵ֻ憴ͷʾ憴ȥ
ϱס憴ɫѾǱ쳣ѿ˭ǸΣǸʦ
ϣҡܣʵСѧ̵Σ
ϣҡ棬憴İΣӵġ
˿źϣǱҪ˵Щʲô
־鿴˵ķ𣿼ֱǰ࣡ѧУʲôطʸȨĵطǽ˵ĵطǾô˵ģ
ˣУҲҪߴСˣЩȺ֮Ϊʲô֣˵׻Уְ
ϿŸ־
־̵ǣģֻҪµˣѧУļжߣûк̨һദһദ
ðɣһҪã˺ġϳָָһԵ½΢΢ͷ
ʵ½ε飬ʦȻûѾ˽ˡ
ֻǸˣΪ½θζԿ
˺ϵһޣ½θоһ˷ܣлźϡ
һʱҲпһ£
翴źϣҲ¶һ˿ЦݵϣҵĴȻ˰ҴˣҲӦôǸ
֪㣬ҪΪеǮе˾ţˣǷᣬĳ˵ĵ̣´ΣҿɾͲˣ
Ͽδȡʲôʩʲô
˵ףϵӰеģ
ʮӵʱ䣬һ˵ȶѾɢȥܺǱ׵Ǵ憴뿪ߣ
Ȼ־һٵǸƺ飡
ֵһˣ󿴵Ľ֣Ҳǲסҡͷ˵ùĪܡˡ
ֻǲ֪ǣĻưոݣ




1626һи㶨
 

ѧУſڣ
ϲδȥԼĳϣ
׵ĵ绰һεĲ˹ȥۺ½ε˴СһȺţ
½θоһ֣һ籩û뵽վȻķʽˣôҲû뵽ġ
Щô棬ϾȻĳߣ
ԼŮѧУԼƺҲȫ˺ܶࡣ
֮ʱǸĻ½Ӧûǳĺá
˽磬֪˲࣡
Ȼкڳ̨棬ɺܲܶʮСʱԼɣ
Ҳ֪Ҫù˿ܾԼˡ
ҪһµĻ˿ѾǴԼŮ뿪Ƿ֮ˡ
½ЩںԼҳˣĻûķˡ
ԼһǱ߿Ǹ
һߣ
׿źȥͨ˺ϵĵ绰Ҳ⣡
ϾǹϣʵѾڰԼˣȻˣҲˡ
ϣ鷳˰Ǻǣ׶ŵ绰ͷĺЦŵ
С֣ҿʲôǸС˭Ҳʵ
Ҹɶӣ憴Сһ֮ǰڸԺġЦŵ
һһûмأû뵽СӶиɶ˰
ʵ憴⹫Ӧʶġ׶źЦŵ
憴⹫˭ҲȤʵ
ǰJLķ⽮ϡ
ӣԭС𰡣Ҳ˰û뵽Ͻӱ۸ˣȻæģпջȺȾһأ
ҲˬʵЦû뵽׸֮侹Ȼйϵء
һȻһҪǰϼŵĽ̸һµģҿܹһҪ£Ҫ뿪һʱ䣡
ǰ˵Ԫ𣿡ϳ
ɣǳԷĵ㣬һҶõطڸϴ绰Цʵ
ͷûи飬ɣɶӲϽҵֱɱϽȥˣȥҰ˾
ƺЩŵ˵
һϣܲڰһæأ
ô˰ôʲôЩɻʵ
ҲأҸɶӵİְҲǽϵŮ֮ǰǾǵĵزŵܣΪ˾ƲˣԱץȥˣ
˭ϳʵ
ԣǷмʮڵĴ׵
ʵԼҲǺ֪鲻˵ĻҪ˵ġ
ҲǾİֻҪǮ˵ĻӦûж¡
Ƿ˴ûΥΪɣʵ
׵ϣҿԵûκεΥΪΪԼ˾ĲˣŻ˹ģ
ţȻĻǾûˣھʹ绰Ƿˣ
ϸҲûǮ飬Ϊ֪׸ΪǮȥĵġ
ЦŵǾлл˰ڽϼҵʱɣ
úúãô˵ˣ
ҲЦеĹ˵绰ʵ˵һ仰飡
ǺϼǸװ£ҲԼĵߺԭġ
Ƿ˲ˡĻôǺҲܴӦҪġ
һ۵˵ߵʱҲǳ½ЦЦ
½οףҲǿ˵Ҽ͵ˣ
һԵ½ҲĴָ憴ְ֣ղſˣ
ҲݸһЦǰЩСϺҲûз鵹Ǹл½ְ
ͱˣ˵ҪŮĻҡ
½λһʵϵˣҲûдشԼ顣
ʵҲǿóģҲûʲôôĶ
Ǻǣܹѹ֮һѾǺܼˣͳһҲøл㰡ɣһҵĵ绰
ױһ֣½Ҳóֻ棡
½ЦŵԺпվһ۰Ѷ·
ǺǣԣҸ绰ΪԱʱ֮ģ׿½ε
Աʱ֮裿˼ǡ
½θоԼʵЩ޶ۣ֪˵ʲô˼
׿½εɫһỹ£Ժھۣ鷳Դ绰
л
½ҲûƴǣҲ֪ԼĻ鷳
ȻˣʵҲϣܹԼһϾʵûжĹϵ
ֻЩ߹ػˣ
½ȥӣ׶ŽЦŵߣȥǱ߲ٷ




1627ƵĽӷ
 

ĳĺԺ
ĺԺǽӵլʵǰĺԺǺֵǮ
ȴһˣҪ֪ķۣھӵһĺԺһĵضΣ۸ˮǴߵ֣
֮ǰ˸һСĺԺ۸ڵģ
˵ֵǮҲǽӵˡ
һһŮ۾ǽӵСŮһӽܣ
ӶһŮĽǷǳϸģܲûпԼϵԼһ˾ĵײ
ܺͽ֮ԭϵǲΪҵƲҲЩĿɳĸо
һʮʵˣҲһȨ֮ˣûдԼĸ̵κεĺô
ѾǹΪĳ˾Ĵܲãɸܶ󸻴ȸܹᲢۡ
˵ףõĲǸʶѣ
ֻĹʱһͨҪߺܶѡ
ʵһʱҪҵ˸ɵģϾԼҵ̡
ԼøܾˣҲǴǸʱ򣬽ܵһӵķŭ
ұϾǴ˾ϰڵĲҵ֣
ҲʶʱΪܣ϶ҵ˻Ƿǳء
ܽԼҲû뵽žȻһȻôûԤף
Ӻŵһ̣˶˷ˣ
ҵ˵̨Ǳκ˶Ҫ˷ܵģԼҪؼҽһ°ܸϴʾܾˡ
ΪסԺźһЩ
˭Ҳ֪Ϊʲô׻ӣҲ֪Լ˵ļǳ
ϴ˿̸ԼϰڼУһֱǺܺá
ÿ˵Ļ⣬ƺΧŽۺͽһŮչ
ʵ˵컹һȽӣΪϽգ
ƺŮһû
Ͻ𰡣ͱˣѾˣж︣
ϿŽӵӣҲ΢΢ҡͷ
ԴԼͷ֮Լɷ񶼲ǰˡ
һǼͥһǾ
ǹٳݵһͨɣƻԼһԶŮ
ͷһƵϳ°գ㿴ܣȻ֪绰ǵģ
ǹĺþˣˣһ׶Ϣûд绰ϵϵг˵ǡ
ѾͷƢ㻹֪һһ۵ˣҪǿĺܣ϶ǲͷġ
ĨһῴŽܣԿó˿Ҳʮֵĵ䡣
˵ͣĲ֮
ӿҲҽ컹գ
ϵһĸо
һС¶ǣȻʵЩһֱǲû˵
ͷӣôˣϿŽЩʵ
ȻҲˣӵƺǺܺãȻϿ
ǳϸôķˣôһĬûеĻôЩǰ׹ˡ
֪Ϊʲô𣿡ӿųϳ
ǰϵͦõҲ֪ˣ΢΢ҡͷ
˵ԼƶĻҲǲôʵ
Ҫ˵ǵĻʵ벻ʲôԭ
ԼĶӣҲԸ⽫ԼĶˡ
̾һ㻹ǵǰ˵ҪְɵǼ𣿡
˵ҪŮһɵǼ飿ϲʵ
ҲµòĻӦþ顣ֻû뵽СӵıľȻôǿʵҸ˵ģ
һ뵽оǱʲôסһ㣡
һ£ܿϽ𰡣ǶԵģʱӸλȻܹ˾ˣʲô˼Ҷġ
ӵͷǰҵʱǵĲ𣿿ƺ̫ңҲ֪⺢ӴСľͺܴĸ˴򹤣ôõƽ̨־ܾ뷨Ҳġ
̾һһˣҪʲôػⷽ滹ǲ˵㰡
ǰԼöݲ£ڻôӳ
壡
һ󼱴ٵĵ绰Ѿ㶣Ȼתȥ˵绰
ܿ죬ϱֳһ˷֮ɫ˼˵绰
ϳ°˭ĵ绰ôˣ
ӿųϵӣҲ¶һ˿ЦʵþûпԼôˡ
Ͻ𰡣ϽģѱóĲ˶ó׼ǼǮҲó
ϼĿŽӵ֮ж͸һ˿˷֮飡
ӺɵĿ˿ϵϳ£ʲô
ѽ˵һԷҴСһأ㻹Ÿʲô
ϴ˿ԵöЩ޴ĸоˣƺҸ̫ͻȻ




1628ټ
 

˵Ҫ䷹Ҳ
ʵڶһѣԼĸ׵գѲɲ֪
Ȼǣ
ԼһֱɨسŵĸоˣҲһҪǿ֮ˣӸ绰
һΣ׸һ̨ףҲҪȥԼĸĸˣ
״˸ŽĸֱӳŽϵס˹ȥ
ȵǵߵʱѾǰСʱԺˡ
Ȼƽʱֻ߰˷ӵĳ̣Ϊ߷ʱڣӲĶ˰Сʱʱ䡣
ˣ
һ֮󣬳Ͽ첽ĳſ˹ȥ
ֻǵ۴憴һԻһӵʱɫһӾ
á
ײʶϣֻǸЩϤѣ
ڽˣݷҲԵôͻˡ
˵ˣǺϷԸģҪȻߡ
ֻǳϿŽ۾Ȼһ˻֪Ƕôˡ
Ըոδʱ䣬ԼŮˣҪñ֪˵ĻΪôأ
ְ֣ȥ⹫
憴ŵſڣҲǸûüϣͼеҪȥҽˡ
ְ֣㡭㡭˵ʲôأԲŽȥ೤ʱ䣿ôܹ
ЩˣԼŮӦò˰
ԵĸǳĺãҲ취ȳȻʱû뵽ʲô취
ʵ취ûУǱҪɱͽһʲƵְ
ΨһܹõóǮˣֻԼǸˡ
ĻǾͱҪһ׷Ӹˣ
Ȼ֮ǰҲӣջǱ۸ܾˣټԼĸ粻ЩĻĸо
ۿԼ裬ɫҲЩӲ裬ģ
ˣȽȥ˵ɣҪְ̾һ
Ϊ֪˱ԼҪŰͷ⽨һ֪Ļ»ԼҪ
ҲĽͣҪ͵ģһˡ
֪ʵͽѾʵԵĽӴˣ
Ӵ˿ԼǱ߹ţôûм憴ˣΪһˣôܲأ
ϡ
׿Žӣ¶һ˿ЦݣȻ֣
ӿ׵ʱ˶סˣǲϼŵֶ
ѽѽôˣǿкü궼ûм˰ɣ
ӽԼе憴ȻЦǺǵĸ֡
һԵĳЩĿ˿ӵϽ𰡣⡭˭
ϳ°㻹Ͻݲ谡ǼҵĴ˰Ǽ憴ĸɵװ
ӿųϹһ֡
һӷӦ˹憴걻ȵʱ򣬵ȷһɵ
ȥüˣҲûжӡˡ
ʣټϸղ憴䲻ĺһְ֣óһЩᣡ
ɫһ죬ЩǸȻ˵Сְǲ˼㿴̸ղ⡭
ûû£ҿ憴ĸɵҲ
ҲЦЦ
С֣ôأӿɻʵ
ЦŵɲҪģһ˵ҪϼҲ䷹Ҿǰվ
ѣʶ
Ӹɻˣ֮ҲôӴˡ
Ҫ䷹ĻҲǰкɣ
Ȼʶˣϣӣһ֪ˡҲЩص˵
ǺǣӣڵԽԽĬ˰ӵҲν
Ӹλ֮ˣʵνѾǼ߲ˣǲҲνġ
һҲ֪ˣҪľǵȴͺˡ
׿ŽЩǸȻ˵˵ʵû뵽žȻ˵ıʣû뵽үӾȻ
ⳡϵԶ׽͸ģҲûа취飡ܹģֻоˣĺԺô
ӿͻȻʵ
ЦŵھǵһĺԺǿֵǮĺܰĺԺһ𲽰ɣ
ܲһ飿ӳ
һԵĽ۵֣ʲôѾ취ˣͲҪˣ
׿ŽӵϣԴ憴װְ֣憴ĸɰְ֣˵ӲүӵѾǺھˣԴԹۣ
һ׵Ļ΢΢һ̾Сְ㲻֪һεжذ
°ͷİɣֻҪǮ⣬Ƕ⣡
װ©˵һ仰ó˺þã
һԵĽҲ΢΢ͷҪ˵ǮĻǲȱϾ
ϣһ𣿺ǺǣܲСû˸װɣʼ
ʿˮ˿׵С֣ǸɶİҲģ
ʱſִһ󼱴ٵ




1629ԣˣ
 

ӦĿˣ
ҲЦеĿףʵǷǳĸˣ
׿ŽЦŵпܣ˵ľϲأ
ľϲѾľϲˣ
ӿҲǹһ֣һҲơ
ʵҪ׵Ǹɶģʱˡ
ۿ˵ȥŰɣЪţ
ܿ죬۾ͳſ˹ȥ
ſˣ

ۿվŵǸ˵ʱ˷һС
ΪΪʲô飬ǳſڱ߶ȥ
ֻһЦǺǵĿһУȻ֪Իˡ
û뵽ϾȻЧôĸߣֱӾͽԸ˹
ӦǰרҪȻҲôģ
ԣ⡭Զˣ
ϿԼŮҲͣ৵һ¾͵ˡ
Ҫ˵Ůû֮ǰǮҶԼͽӷǳТ˳
˭뵽ᷢأ
֮ǰһȵôȰԸȳû뵽ھȻվ˸ǰ
ҲǼǿƵķǳĲ
ĶԣԺͽӵ֮Ҳǳ˹
裬ǵˣ
ԿȥЩݣеƺûĨȥôо
ͺãͺðС԰ôİ
ӿԣйӦװæģٶҲ̫һɣ
ղʱ֪Ҳʱ֪ҷ˱ʡ
ԾվǵĸǰʵЩ̫˼ˡ
⽮ˣҪԸȷųҲûκεİ취
ԿŽӵ֣Ҳ֪˵˱ңҳˣɳҸͻˣ
ɳ㣿ǡ
ҲЩȻʧЦǷˣǱӦҲûκεҪԻġ
û뵽ǷǳԻģ
磬þò
ʱ״˳΢΢һЦ
ף㣿һף쳣ĸӡ
ԼΪѵʱ绰ջ˽״̬
ԶԴ˷ǳʧ䣬ֻû뵽Լճȴһεף
֪Ӧһʲô̬ףԹޣ̫ϣ
˵ʵ׵ĻǺſ֧Ųסˣο˼һĶأ
׿Ե磬Բˣ
֡ףûµģ鶼Ѿȥˣⲻ𣿺Ǻǣ
ҲǼһ˿Цݡ
һԵĽ˵ԣҪҪȻ
ôˣԿŽ۵ӣҲһ۵ʵ
Ǳվˣȥ˵ɣһȻ
ҵĿڣ
Ž۽Ž飬Ҳǳ磬˵Ȼ۸Ǽͷˣ
԰ȻǺŵˣҲûʲôѱټϺѾϴˣûʵ֤ݻǲöġ
ӿԳ
ˣԣѾǴǸһˡ۳
ӿŽ۵ôǱߣҲ̫һ㰡
ǰҲû뵽ϾȻ·ǱߣһȥˣҲЩƣ
ЦŵˣǾͲ̸Щĵˣ磬һõģںҲ°㿪ġ
⡭Կףʵ֮ǰҸ˺ܶĵ绰ɶͨ
磬ɩѾ˵ˣǻڰһҪ飬ĵ绰˵ĵ绰Ҷûнӣ
Ҳʵϵ˵ȻҲ˵װʲô顣
̾һʵҸ˵ûʲôֻҸ
үӵҲǳźҪڵµģܲһֱڹȥɣҾү֮ҲϣܹõĻȥġ׿Ե
лл㣬ллԼˣ
ڵҲ֪ˣԼףҲЩǸΣϾ˼ҸûԼ
Եһů⣬ǸмҲǸܵõġ
Եӣļһжġ
ˣ
һ΢΢һЦְǺǣ
ϴ˿ҲǲЦŵɣȥţǺúõŪ
ֻûãͿűˣ
ϿԶˣǸһ£ɺܿͷֲˡ
ΪԼĶӽܻˣԼգһһ绰ûУֱӴһ˹ˣ
Ҫ֪һĻϾӦһ׼ˡ
֮˿¶÷ǳεġ
裬տ֣
ܸ֪۷棬û뵽Ի
Ͼǣ˼ʮڵĴ󰸣ظʮľҪˣ




1630²Ľ
 

ĺԺ
ϿŽܷ򸾺ԼӣҲЩεЦЦܣôǴ绰
裬գӵôأ΢΢һЦ
һԽܵڷҲЦŵǰ裬һҳôıʣڲĻǿɾ͡
ǡǸء
Ͽڷ㣬ҲЩ̫ϲϱ
˵ϱϵദ⻹ӦǾ仰ʵϽܺͽ˹ϵ˵ĽӲҲڷһЩ͵ġ
ʲô
ڷһˣɫ৵һҲ
ŮգһҲɣ
ҲЩ˵ԼŮ˻ֵõϱ˵ģ
ܳˣǽȥҸ㣬ѷӸȥ˵
ô˵أôҲǾ˾ˣͲе֮ģϳ
֮ģ裬㻹ǸЦԺͽôǼܵģǼҪҪѧѧǺϻôˣǼȻǣҲԿǣ
ڷһϵĻҲһӻðɣ
˼ڻ׼ȥˣ
һ׷ǿһڰôǮýȥˮƯڷȻǲˡ
㡭ôô˵ɫѿ˵
裬գҾͲ˵ʲôˡڷ㣬ǽȥ
˳˽ȥԿó⼸ƺ鶼ôã
ܣôˣ
һ˽ʱҲЦľϲǺܶడ
֣ٲĻҿ¶˰ɣס
ܸ׼Žӷ𣬿ɵǱߵʱҲһľ档
˸磬ã
Կ˿ܣҲǳ
֮ǰ飬Ѿ֪ˣȥʱʵܶ鶼˵ˡ
ԼźͺܵĿ࣬Ȼһ
ԭ˸绹ǳĲ涼ǿͿģȴˡ
ҸղҪԼ飬ûоܾ
ҪһɽĻᣬеϣԼźͶӹϺӡ
ߣԣû뵽ôͳˣܿԳ
ʧ˰ллôۺСչˣݶһеģ
Եɫ˼㣬ճ黹ûƽ˼ӵ˵ĸܣ´˿ѾǷˡ
ʧߣ㶼ƲʧʲôҸ㣬ҲƽϣҲôģҴȥ
ԵĻû˵ֱŭȵ
ʲôСԸճ㻹ûһˣɫĿ£
ӡŮ
ֱɶⰡ񿴵еľ棬Ȼŭӿ
׿Žӵϣ˰ʵģìܻ⿪˾ͺ˰
ǸʲôֵǴʲôطðİ
ǱŵĴһ˭˭
ǣǼ飬ֵõһ˵𣿡ڷһҲǰǻ
סˣ
ԼǺĺȰˣû뵽˻ǹҧ
ҲЩŭˣȻǽϵĶӣ˵ҲǸӣ
û뵽˾ȻԼ˭ֱ֪ӿʼԼˡ
˶Ǿ憴
ֱ־һƣʵûоȹ憴ƾ˼ҵݺͱ£ҲԼĶָֻܹŵġ
һƣ˲䰲
סˣڷҲסˣû뵽ӻΪһ˾ȻԼ
֣憴أΪôһң
ߣĶܱ𣿡һ
ôܱȣ·Զ˾Ĵܲáй˾ĸܲãҲܸһȣ̫Цˣ
ܵɴ۾Žӣ˿һת׵Ѿܹɱˣ
裡
ڽܿһǳĹ̰ԼļҵԺһ澹ȻԼĸ׸ˣ
Լĸ׾Ȼ˵ĿԼҪ֪ԼŬɶǿԼʵȡģ
׿Žһ鶼˵ˣ㻹ǲұȣ
ߣȲʵͿʼǰɣӴʲôУɶţƶҴҿɲ˭ϽҹҼҲӭ㣡
ŭĶ˵
׿Žܵ΢΢ҡͷǸʲôܲõλһǲϡҲһ䣬λϹַӵ飡




1631²аĽ
 

ӿóЩˣ
ʵҲˣ˼ǹ͵ģͷıһܹܣ
ԭӻҪһԼǿʤĶӣľһҪˡ
˵ĻԲǴţ˵ģ˼ֶҵڵĵλǿɾͲһܹģ
һԶ֪Ϊʲôӣ
ҲǶԼӺͶϱЩˣǸϱ¶
ʵǰڷ㲢ԴӺƲ֮ڷƺһӵλ˺ܶܶ࣡
˵Ҳǰôͻˣ
ԺͽһԣΪ׳ˣǶԼҪ˵ʲôˡ
Ժͽ۵Уû׸㲻飡
ӴӴӴ˵Ҳ´ͷַҴӴܲõλΪ˭֪˭𣿡
ܿŰӣҲһ
СӻܹţưԼ·ԶĴܲð˾ϰ֮⣬Ѿǵڶˣ
ĽܣнһרͣԵҵڴм
ϰɶΪרҵƺоרҵֹ˹רҵȡMBA
۵һ˾ĻǶλԴ֣
ֻ·ԶܲھǣҲȥˣ
ǣΪԼǳ˰Ҹ㣬ҪΪϹ㻹ʮǧأ
ڷ˵Щ̱ʵЩƽ⣡
Ϊ֮ǰǽۻԵĹ⻷һֱѹԼϹܣ
ԼϹҪԼһĹɷݶܾˡ
һҪΪ̫ڷֱˣ
ȻɷÿĹѾǷǳˣҲһˣ
ԼϹĹһ򣬿˰ӰõҲ򲻵
Ҫʮ겻ԲȲܹ׬һڣ
˼ɰһ¥׬ʮڰ˸ڵһⶼûС
˶ʱȣڷ϶ܸЩһ¼ǧ˱ˣĻǱȽϵҰģֱŵ˼ˡ
ó̬ѾЩŤˣ
׿ŽܵǿڽϺԴϣŲƽ϶ѣû¡
׻ĲôϾ˵׻ǽϵĶӣ
ϵΪ׻ǷǳģȻˣһ˵ҲԼ憴ľ˾˲ǣ
ϹͷŽôܹôأ
𰡣ţƴ죬һôأҾߵ㣡
Ҳһš͵ˣҪ
׵ô˵˵ַӾܹй˾ĸܲøˡ
һĶϣ޹⣡
ھҪҲԲܷ
һԵڷҲƫƫװβǣŻ˭ذ
裬ôأ
ЩҪˣʵǿȥڷ̬
ڷ㿴ŽЦһôˣҸ㣬˾Ƿ
㡭㡭
ʵǲ֪Ӧô˵ڷˣû뵽ԼһֱصĴ边Ȼˡ
ʲô㣿ǼܾҪǼԸɣأǰɣҸ㣬ԺǼһǮĶ
ڷǱˣҲǱ׵˸ըˡ
ŭһҲԸģʲôϵ
֣ʱ㻹ǣŮǼҽܾͲĶҲʣֱɶ⣡
ڷ˿Ǽ˾ƽʱΪصĽҲǲܹ⣡
ڷ㣬㲻Ҫ˵ˣҾҪһﵽܰôߣ
ǾԲĻˡ
ʲô憴ĸɰ֣Ʋ𣬳˴ţܹʲôأ
ȻСԼӣھҪڰӸһ
Կ׵ӣһιİǣ
˵˭ǰ˵һ飡ڷŭȵ
Ҳ̲ס˵ǲǰʲôǼҵױ˭ģ˸µģΪܹһױҸǣȥǧ߰µģ
ߣǸʱ򷿼۾ͲߣŸģڷԵĻЩ˸
ʵʱӵȷ̫ˣҲǴһ²֪ġ
ΪܵʱΪʲôܹȥ·ԶΪʱҰֵĹϵڻˣȻźӶܣĺڣ
Ҳˣ˵֮Ҳ
ǣԼڵʱ䣬ԼźͶ˶ί
ɫǺ죬ŭһѾģӿԼĲŻѧʶϵɣ
磬ǲʶģ۳׵ʧˡ
ĥĥģûй˵Щ֥ùӵ飬ֵģϽģ
˵ʵԭһ㱧һ˿룬ڿ˻ǲֵã
΢΢ҡͷȻ̬ӵĻǲ
óֻͨ˳³ĵ绰




1632¹̾Ϣ
 

³칫ң
ھ׻伶Դ֮ǰϼź֮󣬳һӱֿȣ
ҵעʲô
Ǿǹ˭̸⣬ĿǰһҹڵŶû̸ء
ֻҪֵĵطýǵص֡
ֻҪ˭棬űȻǹٻƵġ
ֲ²ⶼУ
ܶΪ˲ȶȣԼ
ùЩ䷳һֱҪѯףΪҲ
ȻѾǰȨԼʵϵǸԼһ󵰸⣬Ⱑ
Щȴһֱôͨ׵ĵ绰
׼ڵһµʱ䣬Ҫһ֮ڴͨ׵ĵ绰İһ˵
Ҫ쳽ĳ̣Ҫѻף
һʲôֶɶģǺܲý
ֶԼ˵ҲǷǳģҸҺ
ҲǼңҲǼңԴһεļ֮󣬹Ҳûмף
ǳ꣡
Լİ칫棬Žʮҹ̵
ҪľЩѰһЩ飡
³ĵ绰
һε˽һʱ䣬ĵ绰챻ˡ
̧ͷ˿ҲǸ˵Сһ˵Ҳڣ
绰Щ⡭
С鹤ģ˱Ҫ֮⣬ҪԹɫ
ʵԭֱӲֻģڹֻѾǺתƵСǱˡ
Ͼ֪Լֻʵ̫̫ˣҪǽӵ绰Ļÿ绰ǽӲġ
ЩѾʼ˸ֹزԣĹҪЩ飬˶ܹһ
ԹЩ䷳˰ԼĺתƵߣ
ʲôⲻģ̧ͷ˿Сʵ
˸ʲôģ˵ѣ˵³϶᲻ĵ绰ġ
СŹҲʼ
Ӵǣ˻еڲͬҿ϶᲻绰˭
ҲˣҲпܣϾһЩ˵˽˹ϵǳĺá
˵˾֪ˣСε˵ΪŮˣܵĸоԷ˵ǹţ
ҪΪӵţĲܵİ칫㱨
һǹȶ³ĺѵĻʱԼҲе
쵼ĻСԼĵõģ
㱨ûдģʱ򼴱ǲӣҲǶ³Լ˼ǣ
˿̵Щģ鵹ҲǲЦЦҵҪ˭ôţҿ϶绰
˵꣬ϵ
ǹ
Щͳ˵Ѿѧˡ
ŶĹ΢΢һЦȶô绰ûдԷɣ
ֶ֡𣿡
ԭȫǷɵģһ׵ƺһӾǱһһ
һԵСŹȶ³ӣҲһ
ڻܹùȶ³ӵģ˿һʯͷҲ
Լһλ㱨Ƕˣ
ŵ绰ӾȻЩţ¼ϼһ̬
ȶ֪֪֪һ·ԶĹ˾
׶ŵ绰ͷ
·Զ·ӵĹ˾ôˣͦϤģЩɻʵ
ϤУһܵʶ𣿡ʵ
ܽܰʶ·ԶܲҲǹ˾Ķ֣˵ǲģôֶҲʶ
Ҳ֪״绰Ϊʲôʵ
׳ϣҵˣ
ʲʲôֶ˼ǡû뵽׾Ȼ˵һɱڵĻ
ҲһҲǹ˰
ôֶأǲ֪ʲô
׳ȶӦöҵ˼ɣѶ˵Լ취
ûûѶȣ
ĵλν죬Ҫ˵һ仰൱Ĺõġ
ȻûѶȵĻҾ͵ȹȶĺϢˡ΢΢һЦ
ǡǸֶһ¹ڸ쳽顭͵컻յʵ
׳Ѿ˵ˣͺã
ֶϣʲôʱأѰ˼ֶӦҲἱһʱɣ
ڣ
˵Ѿǹ˵绰
ŵ绰ͷཱུҲ̾һǸ˥˰һԼΪţأϧˣ
һ̾Ϣ˵̫̫࡭




1633±Ľ
 

ܿװģĴŵ绰ҲǱǿ׳Ŀף
һҲ̫װˣ֪Բܰ˵ģװβǣ
ʵм䣬Ҳнӻܹõ
ҲνˣԼӷâ̫Ѿ֪ߵغˡ
ʱѵһ£ԺԼŮĹϵҲ޷޸ˡ
ȻԼĶӣɽӻһ㶼ۣ
ˣ
ܵΪƣһԵĳϵЩ̲סˡ
Žܵܣ͸ϸ˰ɡ
ϴЦƾʲôϴƾҴ˸绰ûдҶ֪
֮ܵ͸һӵĳ
һԵڷҲǣǼƾʲôǸ˵ˣţȻôţŵ԰ҵҪǼǲôĲҪʲô
㲻Ҫǲ£
ϲ֪ôȥ˵ʼնģɽܱϾĶӣ
΢΢ҡͷ°̣ҲΪġҪԵͷҪȻԺеĿͷ԰
ӴӴĽˣëûгļһʲôʸ˵İ
ܵоǲһ˶һƾʲô
ټԵŭûзй꣬ôкɫ˿أ
ԭúõһ磬񱻸ӣʵЩƣ
һʱ𣡣
㿴ҿ㣬ڣһԵڷѵܣ绰
ҵģ
ܴӰͳֻʾҲüͷ
ڷ㿴˿·ܵĵ绰Ӱ
һȥӰɣһġܹ˵׵
ǿҲڶ̶̵֮ھܹ㶨һаɣ
˵ģ·Զĵλ˭Ҫ˼У
οǿô˾ܶ˽ϵԼҪһµĹǷַӵ飡
ι·Ұ¶һ˿ѵЦݵ
иҸ˵һ°绰ͷƺЩͳ
ܰ뿪Ц˵˵·ҪҼӰɣڶİ˰գ⡭
ŶŶŶǲĸհͺúõհɣİɣԺеʱ㣡绰ͷ˳
·ʲô˼
ֲǸɵӣһ˿Ծĵط
ʲôԼԺеʱ㣿ԼĹôæпԼĸװ
ģ˾صоĿǰͶϵ
ͷıñ䣬֮ıǵ绰ͷǲһµĹҵ绰
׻
ܴ˿̸оһ±ƣԼôͱأⲻѧ
ɸղǸ绰Լıˣ·
·ԲóЦģ
һԵڷ㿴Žܵɫֱ䣬ҲǼæʵô˰ܣɵ˰·˵ʲô˰
ҡұˣұˣ·˵Ȼҿˣţư
ƺǲԸһʵԵЩʧǣ
ڷ㾪㵵ĿŽܵ㡭ı˰⡭ôأһ
ڷָָףܣ£Ҳ̶̵ܶӾܹġӦǹ˾Ѿõľ
ߣ㻹֪ϽǸӿԼӵӣŭһ
ֲû˹˵ˣҷַӾҸһ˴үү
ܳ׵ŭˣ
׿ŽܵӣҲһȻô֪ˣڸһ䣬ҵѾ׵İɱˣ
׷ɱңʲôţƣ
ܻŻŵĿʼԼĵ绰Ŀʼŵ绰
ιǻǽܣ֮ǰ˵Ҫȥǹ˾
ž
δ䣬绰ѾǱҶˣ
ιǽ֮ܰǰ
绰ֱǱ߸ˣΣ֮ǰܽӴЩˣǱһһ㣡
ý˶˷֮Уû뵽ǰ˾Ȼôţ
˿̣һֳױĸо˵˭
׿ŽܳԺκι˾㶼Ҫȥ˵ģ⣬ҪڷԣҪԼȫ˵ͬ⣬Ҹһ֣صǸʲôʱЧ
㡭Ϊ˭ҾͲ㻹һˣ
ܹܵһ㣬ŭһ
ˣ
һ֪ˣſ˹ȥ׼ţ
˭ҹʲô˶Ǽ𣿡
Щ޴йŭһɵ׿֮˶ˣ




1634𾪵Ľ
 

ΪҪȥе飬Եһ£
µһ㶼ûе飬Էųһ绰飡
ʵ׿ˣȻæ
οֻ漰һ⣬ں˵ǿԽܵġ
ϸոյ˽ӵļеʱȴ
Ҳסˣ
ͷô۵ģȻԼ
ʵŭĲ˵ֻģϵһ̣˲ûƨ˵ϣ
һԵڷ˿ɫɷףо綼Щ̫ˣ
ʵѾûʲôȥʲôؿˣģԼöˡ
Ϊһεʱ츣һģ
Ѷϼ£˵ĹȻǲġ
ڵĽǸоʵûˣҪȻҲȻֶЦģ
ֻǵϵʱҲȦˣ
ϣôˣͰ
һϣ˶ӭȥ˫ֽźϵ֡
ϿŽӳС𰡣ǲӭͷǼҲ䷹Ȼ涼ҹ
˶ҹ
һǳ׵ŭˣ֮ǰǿܵġ
СѾ޷쵽һĵزǿǺϰһô͸˵Ļ
֮ʧҲﲻģ
ϣҡҲ֪
ʿˮоԼûпһ˹û뵽˺ϡ
ľȥƱҲһнʽɣ
ž
ֱ˦־һӣȻ⣬֮ǰֶҲƽҲˣû뵽ھȻ䱾ˣţ˰ҹ¡
ˣС𣬱Ͼӻأӣ
Ȼ֪ʲô飬˵ɫ֪϶ʲôˡ
Ҳûиʲôӣֱ˵
һϣ׻˵úã̸֮СֶҲǸһѵҿԼˣҪĻ֪
ô°Ǻǣ֮ǰСָҴ绰˵ҷһˣûŮⲻٷһ
Ҳ΢΢һЦóʵû
ʲôҡǺ绰ųģ
һߣۿһ죬ӽֻδᣡ
˼ʲô񰡣߷ڰҪǺ˵Ļڹأ
ֻ˶û뵽׸ϾȻϵôã
˿̵ĽѾϰ£׾Ȼϵ֪Լ׵Ըͷˣ
Ȼ֪һﵽ˭ɸϳϹϵģǿ϶ţ˰
д˵֮ɫһ뵽ղ˵Լ׻ƶ첻ȥ˿֪˼ҾԲ˵ģ
ϣ̫ԲˣҡҸǸ
ӺźϣҲǳ֮ɫ
Լ飬ȻҪԼƨɣ붼ñ
Ҫ֪ԼӶʮ˰ʮ꾹ȻУҲǷˣ
Цŵϣ϶ˣ۾ͲҪ˵˰ɣ
Сֵģ
һ˸ǳԾѣϾȻ̬ⷬȣ
׿źϵɲô˵黹ö˺ҪȻ
õõãСҷԽԽǫ˰ԹĹףҰһСæ˵찡
ҲǸ̾˵ʵ֮жԽԽˡ
ܹһλΰˣ֪Ƕôľз
ϣǽ˵ɣҷ˼СˣҪȻǡӿźЩѯʵ˵
ȻʸˣںǰԶǸһ㣡
ЦŵҺҲе飬ԽϳһӶ˵˰ɣ
Сְ֮ǰ˵ǰô°ϺһԵ˶ǲ
Цŵϣû̫ľڹ˾ߣҲҪΪһЩסǰ
ǰǹ˾ʲ̫ӴĿǺˣϻЩȷʵ
һԵĽҲ𾪵Ŀ׵ֶҪҪʲôĹ˾ɣ
Ǻǣϣ֮ǰ˵ˡ˾ѾγɹģˣЩǮҵҲûжãʲôģҲһЦŵ
Сʲôİ֮ǰҪţһֱûлᣡ
һԿŽӺͺϣҲһɻʵ
ԭʵ׼ȥģɺҲҪһˡ
׸ϻԼɷ̸ҲƵʵ
һԵĽܺڷҲ˶䣬ҲҪ֪һﵽ˭
Ϊʲôһôţأ




1635ȫ
 

Ͽ׾Ȼ϶ʶҲǳ׵ˣ
˵ʵһԵԵҲû뵽׻ʶϣ
뵽ԼղôɾͱųˣԲԭһеı˼װæġ
ʵ֪׵ݣų¶һ˿Цݵ裬׻ƺպĴ󸻺
󸻺ô󷨰
ҲûмʶŮˣϾ֮ǰĽǿǷ⽮
һЩ̼Ҳǲģ
ôĸûʲôĸܹú˵Ĵ
ϿųҲЦŵϼţС˵ɣ
ǸױƷģ
ΪһŮˣЩȻ֪ģȨȦΪеҲֻױƷ
֮ǰĽЩŹ󸾣־ǵĻױƷװ
ЩǮֱ۾գһ£˿Ŷۡ
Ҳ֪ǻױƷЧȷǷǳĺãԼһ׻ױƷ֮󣬸оԱ֮ǰҪ᲻١
ֻϧûĻױƷ
ǰСױƷǲ˰Ѿǻȫ򡣡Цŵ
ϣǡСϼŵʲô˰ϵɴ۾źʵ
ȻǶ³˰ϼžСֵĲҵˬʵһЦ
һԵĽӿ˿ϵϳ°⻹òǳԷ˰СֵһҸ㽲
΢΢ֵ°ֻ̣˵ǰǰɣԺɾͲˣҲѾǵ³ְˣ
ǵֶɵĺúõôǵ˰Ҳһʵ
ҴϼеĹɷݶңͻȷķչ
ԭǴһ֣ɶڵ˵ȫ;һʵ岢
ԣȫˣⶫԼҲûá
ȥɽ磬Ҳ֪²ܹһεĻԼֺαվéӲʺأ
ȫС֮ǰ˵ֻٷ֮ʮôһΡ
Ҳһ̾ĿףȻһǳԤ룡
һԵĽܺڷɴ۾Щ˵ĶԻҪ˵˶пƭԼ
ǺϵĻǾԲƭԼģ
ǵ֮ԱҪ֪ϼκһ˵УǶȻһĴڣ
ο⻹ϼŵĶ³أ
ôҲû뵽ǰȥļһȻϼŵļ̳ˣ
ˣ
ʵ̫ˣϢȻ𾪵˽ܷ򸾣
֮ǰЩνĲһ̣ƺЦһ㡣
ǰһӣΪ·Զܲãܲŵõһ𾪵Ϣ
Ǿϼµ쳽ҵϣʽʼҵĵλǰˡ
쳽Ǻ绽һĴڣ
Ҳ˵ڣҵ˵ڶǿϼŵɫ¡
⻹ˣ
˼ֶ³ղ˵Լҵ˵ȥǾԲ˵飡
ܺڷ˿гӶˣû뵽һұȻ˴Ŀɽ
Ǹû뵽ԵĶ憴ĸɵȻôţƵĴڣ
ϼŵĶ³Ҳ̫ˣ
ƾһݣжø·ˣ˵ǷʮڵĴ
ϼŶ³ʲôۣǿڰ
ʮ˼ǰֱëëһĴڣܺڷɫɷףҲǣҲǣ
ЩûͷĲӬһ㣬֪Ӧôˡ
׿ź΢΢һЦϣʵҪǮĻһ׬Ǯ𣿡
⵹ҲǣСҪҪ׬ǮĻǷʵ̫̫ˡ
Ҳǲò̾˼ҵʵСֱһˣ
׬ǮȷǺףֻϼűϾڼҵǿ
ھȫĸˣ
ҲҪһİ
֪ܹѵʵ̫̫ˡ
׿źϵϣҿɣһε飬ϣԽ֪Խãʱһ߱һ¾OKˣǩԼĵص㣬ϣҲ͵һЩҸʲôƵˣ
΢΢һЦѾˣİɣʱǻһ̵ġȻС㲻ҪĵĻǾʲôƵ꣬Ȼڰż߹OKˣ
лϣ
׿źҲǹֵ
΢΢һ̾Сְ˵ҵøлǰǰǺܴæҹ÷չĹ׾ǼΪͻİҶ֪Ӧôлˡ
ϣ֮仹ҪôĿǺǡ׹һֵ
⵹ҲǣСְѾˣϼŶ³λһֱ㱣ţκεѣֻҪǶȻᡭҲǳ
Ǻǣϣ֮ǾƵǩԼʽɣ׿źϵ
һãôˣ֮ţ




1636»Ľܷ
 

ӵźϺ׵ĶԻҲһľ̾
֮ң֮Ұ
ӽ֣˶һָ߶ۣ
ʵЩһУʵǷǳľġ
һԵҲ̾˵ֶⱲӺ㣬оǵһλģ
װڰֵʵҲΪæѣ˵ˣܹΪǹ飬ҵǾͦõġ
ӿһԵĽܳ˼Сڿ㣿Ϊţذ˼Сֱȣʲôȣ
ǣڷ㣬Ҫ˵㣬˿ʵ
һԵĳҲŭ˵ϱԽԽˡ
ܺڷһĸоʵû뵽鵽Ȼһֽ֣
кҩ
ɫһ裬֪ˣԺҡ
ˣڿ˼С֪ˣҪС־һͨأ㻹𣿡
ӿԼӣһֺɸֵӣ
ϿŽҲǳ飬ûгɹǲûػ֮ˣΪһ磬ĵûа
ϣҡ
ѾʶԼĴ󣬵Ȼˣһжǻ׺ͺϵǿ
ý˷ʡĻᣡ
Ϊ׵ݺͺϵݵĻһﵽڻһ߸Ϊǵء
ʵⲻǽܸ˵⣬Ҳһͻ
һеλˣ˵һ仰ͿԷʡһƽ֮ˣǽеЩ˿ֵأ
׿ŽܵܣʶҺܿģЩ鲻ʶͿԭµġʵԭ²ԭνϾҸûжĹϵ
ֶ֪ˣڸһλɣ
ҲЩ˵ֿ˿Լĸף
ʵó׻ǷǳԼĸ׵ģ˼ûжԼ̫֣ΪԼ׵ԭ
׿Ž΢΢ҡͷ֮ǰѾ˵ˣЩҪԼıġȻҲûԱ˿ԭ㣬򡭡
Ҳԭǵģ
ԿŽܷɫ˵ΪһˣԼŮ˺ͺӱ۸ԼĴ˸羹Ȼ޶ԡ
κεıҪȥ
ӿԵС԰ǲֵģʵ̫ʧˣҲΪˡ
һԵĳЩԥϾԼĶӣҲ֪ڲ˵仰ĺʱ
׿ŽЦŵϣҿ侲һʱɣ
һã˻ȥҺúõķʡԺȡСܹԭǣԭҲûκεİ취߰ɣ
ܷ˿ǰ˵̬ȣҲǴԼĺӻˡ
ȥӣҲ̾һǲʶôĶ
֣ʵҸղ˵ҲҶģ
ԿŽӵӣԥһҲ˵
ʲôҪһЩѵȱǮҪǹһʱ˵˼Ұкܶ඼ΪԺҿǺӹˣĲ㣡
ŭһһֱˣԼĶӺͶϱҲ㣡
ۿŽӵ֣ԣϾǴ磬ҿ͡
ɩӣҿ㻹ĳӲһȽϵĺãЩϸͿԻͷЩϸͿԻͷġӦǳԳԿͷǸ߰ģľˣʲô˵ɡ
׸۵һЩ˲صĹһӣԶ֪Ϊʲôôǡ
Ҳ֪֮ǰ۵׳˶ѹʹ࣡
һʼԷٷԵĻǷǳĿģǽӷ򸾡
ʵ浹ϣһ棡
ǲϣԼĶŮͣҲϣԼŮץ
׵ĵǳ׵Ľ⣬ֻҪ۷ĻúͺǺܿ飡
㷹֮
Ҳ뿪ߣǸһпЩ˵֣
ײδƻһҸԭֻǹ憴ˡ
ֻû뵽Ȼô飡
ߺֱھƵ꿪˸ס֮Ҫ߸ǩԼ
Ҳѡطס
ڶʮ֣ͽӵһİĵ绰ʱҲЩסˡ
û뵽绰ȻǸھʵСѧλ½Ρ
֪Ӧ½ʲô鷳ˣֻû뵽ôĿ죡




1637¾½
 

ĳСڣ
СھǵĶ൱ĺˣһܹСӵһԼƷǾǧ̼ˡ
ֻⷿסģϾǻʲôǮĶ
Σ˶ô˵
½ԱߵԼӹãһͨϰ壬һʮҵнھǿν൱ͨ
½εķչ൱˳ǰҧھһķӡ
ÿµĻѹҲǿ֪ġ
׷һµĴҪʲô
Ҳ˵һ²ԲȣҲó
½εĹʻǷǳĸߵģھĳķزҵһ˾ְܣнʮ
۳˰Ǯͱ֮һõҲиҵ롣
ھʵҲǻķˮˣϾǵȻߣнʮĻĲ̫ġ
ɾ죬ʵСѧ½ֱҪ¸ڵķա
һʼĲôأڿԶԼҪصĶࡣ
Լڹ˾ʮˣҪˣ½Щ
Ҫ֪ⲻǹ⣬źҪûһȶĻǻ治ȥġ
ѲͿԼһ΢ĹʣȻǲܵġ
½οԼһӣ΢΢һ̾ȥ˾ʱٶҵңϾǹ˾Աˡ
ô쳣Ľ
½γƵ̾һٶȻû˵˼Ѿˣϣҿְ
ְΪʲôΪ𣿡
Ҳ֪飬ȻźܾĶǣɱϾкϳ֣ҺϻԼɷ
ѹûа鵱£Լɷǳţ
תĹԼɷҪʧҵˣôܹܵأ
زŵʵֲǲ֪һǰ򶭸ˡһССĵز˾ֹ˾ĸܣ˼һ仰ǲ군˰
½οŹ΢΢ҡͷȻҲ֪ϵ
ûһSONOԱ˰
ÿ½ΣɫѾ൱ѿˣƽԼ̬
ţĶԲ𡭡
½Ҳ˫ֲԼͷм䣬ȥЩʹ࣬һ˿˿ľ֮ɫ
ѣѾһ˵ˣ
ϾΪһˣҪصѹʵ̫̫ˡ
飬ѹȻǸӵĴˡ
ÿԼɷϽ½εΣҲǸ˼ֻǾʵ̫ûƷˣ
ûпĻ֪жôˡ½̾һ˵ʵʱԼ÷ǳĽֻЩ̫ˡ
ÿ½γΣʵڲеĻǾȻϼ¡Ҳ̫һ㣬Ȼ˵ҪھǷɱ㣬һôϰһСԱȥҲǷˣ
½οЦһӦܻ˰ɣǸһ취ûСȻֻܹŭҵˡ
Ǹث֣бȥ˼ҲƵ˵ô°
ţѾˣʵڲеĻҾȥϷչɣ
½Ҳ֪磬ھǻô찡
ڵزҵô꣬еϵʲôĶҵҾҲǱȽϵķḻġ
һҵͷʼĻʵ
½ξԼѾͶ·ˣûа취ҲֻܹԼ̯ˡ
ԼŻǱȽϵҪһͷԷɵ֣½Ѿܹˡ
ÿ½ΣһתΣ㲻˵ǸţҪȻ취
ʵǶʶ˵óȻȥ˼ң˼ʲô취ֲǲ֪ڵزҵοǿǺŵĴУҡ
½οŹѾû̫
ÿ½εҵǲôΪ˼ȻҸӣ˵˼Ҳʵ˲𣿶Ѷ·ϣҪȡİɣ
쵹Ǹһ绰ǡ
½ĲΪ׻Լ˵ܹԿ
ֻǸƺ̫ˣ֮󣬾Ȼˣ
˶û뵽
ʲôǲǵİǴ绰Ҳ°ɣ಻ҲǲæлᣬĲҪ뿪ôĳУǴӱƯھô࣬ΣľԸô𣿡
ʵҲ֪ҽ
һ·ôĿ࣬Ĳôˡ
½οԼεҲóԼֻͨ׵ĵ绰




1638Сһ׮
 

Ƶ꣡
½ηߵʱѾӽң
׽ӵ½ε绰ʱҲûж˵ʲôֱ½ιˡ
˷֮׿½Цŵ½ܣּˣλ˰ɣ
ãҽйãǺεš
Щ㵵Ŀףʵû뵽׾Ȼôᡣ
ʵЩˣ
΢΢һЦɩӺã֪½ܺɩӴ绰ʲô鷳
Ҳ֪顭
½θоЩݵĸоĿû뵽Լôĵùˡ
΢΢ͷ½ǲʲô鷳ˣ
ѽЩ˼Ұ˵ɣ
ÿЩһʵ
ЦŵɩӣҴҲܹ֪ʲôˣǲʲô۶ˣ
ǰ֪жôĶİôһϰ壬ȻǼҺιȥǼҺεϰѺθˣ˵˵ǡ
ҲЩһʵǱЩܡ
½ο׵ʵ֮ǰԤϵֻû뵽ôľ˴˵Ժڵزҵ첻ȥ
½δ˿̵ǳʹģʵǸоЩСˡ
ѾǳˣҪЩʲôҲõһʱɣ
û뵽һ羹Ȼ飬ܲ
׿½ε½ܣѾ˵ˣѿʱҡȻˣҿ϶Ҫġ
ʵǲ鷳ģھǵܴ󣬶ҲǾǣںܶطǳӴ󡣡
½ЩǸȻĿףϾǰ˼ڻϿ
ΪԼһεĻԺ󻹻ôõ
ÿһζܹϵģ
һ½ȻҪκ˶
ÿ׵ǶԲˣͶ·Ҳ鷳Ҹһ뷨ΪѵĻ͵û
׿˿½Σֿ˿ãʵҲó˵뷨
Цŵû£Сһ׮Ҳֻģ
а취
ЩĿףа취Ļǿɾ̫ˡ
׿ʵ½ĸ˾İ
ǹ˾Ӧ˵ģSONOţһȽϴĵز˾
½οףSONOȫزҵҲٮٮߵĴڡ
΢΢һЦǺǣѧ˶Ǹ
Ҳʶ˶½Щ𾪵Ŀףг˼֮ɫ
㲻ʶɣֻǽӴ
ˣ֮ǰĵصʱԼҵĺźSONOŵйһν档
Ȼڹȥܳʱˣ׵ļǷǳľ˵ġ
һᵽSONOţ̾뵽ѧǸ㡣
ΪûԺܶһ仰仰ܹġ
Ҫ½һڻŷŵĻֻҪһ绰ͿԸ㶨ˡ
û뵽Ȼô㰡½漴һƨȥˡ
׿½μʵ½ܣSONOŵĸܣ
˵ЦˣҿûôʵSONOһֹ˾ĸܣ龪ϰ壬ҡ
½Ҳһƣ鼤˼ŵĸ߲㣬Ҳһӡ
˵˶ѾˣǻϾˡ
һһ㰡ҶЩһˡ
ʵ֪ͦΪѵġ
½Ҳ֪Ӧ˵ʲôˣ粻ܶǶС˼ҵĵλء
Ȼ˵ʶ˶˶δػʣ
½֪˶һǻʵģΪǺزŵĶ³֮⣬ǺŵĴм
˵˶ӣаٷ֮ʮԭΪݡ
ҪǼŵĹģĻȻ˵൱SONOҲδؾͻ˺زţ
׿½ЦŵΪѲΪҵ飬½ܣ㻹SONOţ
˵ҸǴƴѾöˣSONOиģԵĻҵȻԸڼˣ
½Ҳʵʵ˵Ȼ֪ΪʲôҪôʡ
׵ͷɣһҸȥһSONOţȥһѧԵĻSONOšеĻڸһõĹΣ
õĹһԵĹЩ𾪵Ŀףܿɫһڣǿºѻȥ˰
ЦһЦһûзˣȥѧǱ߿ɡ
ֶҪȥŰˡ˶ѾȷıʾҪҳ׵ʧSONOˣҡ
½΢΢һ̾Ĳ֪λΪʲôôţ
·ܶ˼ҵииһ㣡
΢΢һЦСһ׮߰ɣ
˺ܿ쳯SONOŵķ򼲳۶ȥ




1639ѧС˼
 

SONOţ
ѧ˿ڰ칫ԼĶӽţڽزŵĶ³Դ绰Լоһ⣡
û뵽ѧȻԴ绰ԼһҪ󿪳Լҵһܣ
ѧЩˣʲôݣ
ô½ιȥأѧһķ˼
С㣬ôˣ
ѧԼĶӣûдĵľˣԼĶȥʡ
㿴Լĸ׳֣ܶ벻ĶӸ½εŮһѧУ
ţʲô˼
ѧԼĶЩԾʵΪСӵĴְɣ
ĻĸҲ̫һ㣡
ΪúŵĴмΪС֮Ĵ־
ѧֱǲ˼֣
΢΢ҡͷԶֹô򵥣֮ǰȥһѣĶҲھǵһʵСѧѧ
Ѳ֮仹гͻɣ½ӦûôɵɣӦúܣԲܹġ
ѧ֪ݱʵ̫ǿһЩ
½Ҫӣǲܵ飬һǷˡ
΢΢ҡͷ֣ȻģʵԴ½θûκεĹϵġ
˵꣬㿪ʼ飬ȻûҲǸоţ棡
ҵθԹԣ˭ôţ
ѧ𾪵ı鲻ԼӵĽ˵ɴӡ
˭Ҳ֪˭˵ȽϵᣬҴܷǳͣô˹ȥ˸ϡﻩġ
Ҳһε˵ȻҲû뵽˭Ҹŵ˽а塣
ôȥأҲ̫ɺһЩɣѧֲôĻ½ûվǱߣվǸǱߵİ
ǰףʲôҲǺˡ˵ˣһҲǸ˾½˰ɣ
Ҳǲ룬ʵ˵֮⣬Ӧû֪ġ
ʵ½SONOųھѾҹ˾Աˣһɾʮ꣬ϧ˰
ѧҲ΢΢һ̾˵ʵΪĹϵĻĲʧȥôõԱ
½SONOһֱڿҿңȴ
û뵽ҵڣȻ˵Ļ¬ѧҲһĸп
һ֣ûбҪΪһСС½ε˺زţҪ֪ǱǺڳ
ҵȻ֪Ҳֻܹ½ʱ˲ðɣѧ̾һ
֣ҾôǲЩ̫˰SONOֲǵҵƾʲôǸŸǵİ
ʵҲЩƽ⣬ȻǲҪزţܾòô£
ƾʲôôָֻŵأʵ˵лЩ硣
ѧ˼ǣ
֣ҾҪӣһĴ۶ĻǶԼˣʱҪǴȥĻԺôSONOأ
ҲǳбҪز̸ʲôˡ
ѧ΢΢ҡͷС㰡㻹ǲ˽ˣ
ܰôһزȻǵĹģ˺ܶ࣬SONOҲǳصģѲҪǶֲɣ
˽ͣڱϣ˵ѧʵ˽Ҫ̵Ķ࣡
ѧ΢΢ҡͷ磬ﲻ𰡣ܹԸҴ绰Ѿˡ㻹̸Ļ顭
֣㻹
Щ𾪵ĿԼĸףû뵽Լĸ׶˵ĵӣ
ѧ˽⣬Ҳ˽⣬ΪһССSONOܹͺزԼǱĺᲢΰɣ˼㶼ѹˣ
ôţɴ۾Լĸʵ
Щ㻹ǲҪ֪ĺãסһ㣡ûǸʵòҪȥǺţΪ֮ǰ˺СĻʲô³Ҹ㣬ʱǺ˻ҿСͺʬͷˡ
ѧԼĶ΢΢ҡͷȻǸƺţˣ
Щ˵ǡǾôԹԵĻȥ½ΣԺǵԱô룿
ˣһƵĴģ½ԺԲܹڹ˾֡Ҹ㣬һкزŵ˹ѧ
Ѿ½Σǻʲôǵűŭһӵ
ˣҪ̵סܹɳɴ£ȻҪǾǿˣҲжʧʱźزһһģ
ѧʵҲһҡͷͦ˵ģ
ԼԱˣʲôϰأ
˶¥˵ˡ
ʱ򣬶³Ѿ˽ˣѧѯʵ˵




1640½
 

ѧİ칫ң
Щ㵵ʵô˾ˣӦǺزŵˣ룡
Щԥǵ³һˣһSONOֹ˾½ܣ
½ΣôˣšüͷǸ
ٶ½ܴһһŮģǸе˵˶ˣȥᣡǸҲʼ
˵ҰѾҰ˰ûӰŭһ
ѧڰֵˣɣ
ȥˣʱЩˣ֪Լϵôģ
Լϵ̵֣ղŲ˵Ͼǿ½λߵĻǡ
֪ˣѧ¶һ˿΢Ц
֣㵽ôİ˲˵ҪSONOſ½Ѿһ֮ǰĶǰˣ
ʵЩԼϵΪʲôҪô
ѧٺһЦ˾ôһҪǿ½ǹ˾ôˣ
֣Ǹ㲻㵽ôˣղſԼ˵粻ܹģڡ
ЩƵʵ
ѧĿ΢΢ӵ½ѾˣǺôѲ˼ҾͲҪʰһԼĶˣ˵Ҫ½ξͿˣ
֣˼Ҫͨһ̨£Ҳϵҩ
ƺһ׹ˣȻֻһ΢Сϸڣɴϸ֮ȴԿóԼϵǡ
ˣһ½ˣҲҪҴţֱ˵ˣѧȻ֪ǾûбҪڹĨˣ
֮󣡣
״½κ͹SONOŵܲ
½δ˿ǳĽţԽǵԼϤĵطЩˡ
Ҳ֪֮֮ĵ
˳ѧİ칫˹ȥ׵˿ŵһ˲䣬ѧ˶ˡ
ǡ㣿
ѧȷӦ˹ôҲû뵽Ȼֵļһ
һԵҲʿˮ֡ôˣ
˸ǵӡʵ̫ˣΪ֮ǰھĵصʱǾͼһ
ֻҲЩƣôţȻúŸˡ
֮ǰѧ㻹۹⣬һҲǸϲţĲݰѣ
ټĺôΪһСС¹ʾôĵأ
û뵽ֿһˣ뵽֮ǰһֵ˳ͻֺᣡ
ǵԺкܶ໭ѾǶϺˣ
״ǵĳѧԱߵɳȻѧ΢΢һЦ˶һѾкü˰ɣ
Ѿʱˣ֪һιǡ
ѧʵҲ֪Ȼһйأ½ЩҲͿˡ
һԵ½οѧҲǵ³ٶ
½ܲظǿʵҸղŸҶӻۣǹֲǣǼŵԱˣҲϣĽ
ѧֱӾͰ½εĻˣͬʱĻһԵף
׿ѧ΢΢һЦ˶ҹҪӣܲ½ܲҪʧȥأ
֪췢ʲô飬½οǵү
ѧЩʼ磬ʾԼûа취
ڵǽѣʹҪ磬ǴҪף
Ҳһıƣûа취ѡʱܺģ
һԵҲǵͷǰʵҸҸҲǷǳƣ̣½ܵүҲǲү
ңҸ֮ìܣԼȥġھϣ˶ܹһӣ
׿ѧҲ¶һ˿ײЦݣ
ѧ׵˵ҿ϶Ҫģɡһزŵ˾ҪҪǿ½ߵĻ
תìܣ
ѧ˿̾תìܣһëǮĹϵûУ
ҲҪ˻ˮڿ׵ʵҲ뷨
ҲǶˣز֮ìܣ
ȻҸӣ˵˼ʵġ
ȴãײĶ֣Ҷİ
ϾԼѾǵﲻˣڼһﲻˣSONOŽ֮ˣ
˶ҲΪˣ׵ɫһ
Ұ˵ʵ飬ûа취زűǺų˵һССľ̵ҵôҸŶԿأ
㿴ҲЩε˵
ѧӣҲǰڰֵȻ˵ĻҲΪˣֻи½ܻˣ
ǡ˰ͨ졢ʵǷС½õĽ
ѧҲһʵ˵ʵڶ֪ʲôݣ
֪˾˼磬˵˵ͷСˡ
飡
ʱѧȴһ߿ĿԵʱƺЩԾĸо




1641ҸȥŲι۲ι
 

SONOŶ³칫ң
ѧû뵽ԼĸǰȻֱŶ룬ʵЩ̫ˣ
˵ʱԭɫҲǼһ˿Цݡ
˵򶭣ôҲ˵һ
ߣ˶ҵĻɶ߷簡
Ҳסˣû뵽طһε׸½Σ
һֻðɵĸоԩ·խ˵Ļһ㶼û
֮ѾǷ˺ŵѪɷ
Ϊľҵֵļһû뵽ңһѾѾǳԼĸǰ
翴׵ʱҲΪĽţ
Ϊһʵ̫ܴˣѧֻǴ˹
񿴵棬Ҳĭ
ȻϵĺܣʵҲЩ¡
һҪٶֵĻǶ˶ˡ
򶭣˵
ѧЩƣôҲû뵽羹ȻԹˣһҲЩ֪ˡ
˶ҸղѾ˵ˣҸìܣûбҪͽ
׿ѧ˵
ѧһͷѾ˵ɵĺܣƺ˭Ҳﲻ𰡣
Сӣ㵽˭
Ҳһƣʵȥ˺ü顣
벻ͨھϻ˭ҸԼȥ
ŵǿӹɵģԼҲ֪һ㣬Щ޼ɵ
СԼȻ͸ҶִԼǵ̫һЩ
֪˭Ǻǣ㻹ûʸ񣡡
׿磬ǿǱ˭Ҫŵġ
ŭһĸҪǰɣǵصĲɣҸ㣬Ȼˣͱڳţš
ϴ󡭡
һԵ˿
ȥ绰˵Сˣ
ǣϴ󣡡˵ͷһѾǲͨ˵绰
׿΢΢һЦ磬Ҳô鷳ˣ˽鷳ϲһݣһҪȥŲι۲ιۣǺŵǲͷۣ
㡭˵ʲô
סˣһղ˵Ҫȥţ
֮ǰһֱһһεĶԼ֣ȻѵĻûʲô취
СӾȻ˵ҪֱȥţԼǲˡ
򶭲Ӳʹ俴Ҳʹ˰Цһ
㡭־͸ȥţģ˺ܽģǲɱģһ
磬ƾȵʵ벻ʲôֵҺµĵطƾ㱳ĺţҿ㣬㻹治У
ײмĿ磬ֻһŶУȫ֣
ţͨ˵оصĴڣ
˼ҾȻѺŷУʲô
½η򸾿׸綼ѾˣҲ۰Ͱ͵Ŀţ֪Ӧ˵ʲôˡ
̫ţˣ
ǵҲһ𺳣ֱ첻µز°
úúãҾ͵һغ̳
类ֲм׵ļŭˣ¶һ˿ȻЦݣ
СӻΪԼжţƲɣΪž͸ϵô򵥣
ô룬Ǿʹشˣ
ţԲôļ򵥵ģΪ׽еʵܴţˣ
׿΢΢һ̾ȥţҸ½˵顭
㡭
ˣһʵ̫ˣȻԼţ
°СӶȻˣ
ĻӶ֪Ӧʲôطˣ
ײٴ磬ǶһԵ½ε½ܰϼŻֹ˾ܵĵ绰ֱȥǱϰɣ
ʲʲôϼţϼŵˣ½һ𾪵Ŀʵ
һԵѧҲʿˮû뵽Ȼϼŵ˰֪ϼǡ
ҵƬֱӸܾˣ˵˵ģ׶½γ
˵꣬Ŵŵķ˹ȥ
½ο뿪ıӰ׵ݹƬ˹ȥ
ϼŶ³ף
½һ𾪵ְ֮һο׵ʱѾǾˣ
һԵѧ㿴ңҿ㣡
ƺΪʲô˼ֶôţˣ˼Ҳĳ
˼ҵУԼССSONOʲôأ
Ҳ¶֮飬Ҳû뵽һͷȻô
˿Ѿûô˼˼ˣھҪһ︶ۣ
׾ȻĸԼҪȥŵܲҲֹһﵽʲôأ
зҪ




1642µ벻
 

ѧ˶𾪵Ŀ뿪
˿̣֪׵ݵʱҲһãȻ޴룡
֮ǰ׺ţ棬ôҲû뵽ôţ
һȺ˸뿪ˣ
ʿˮ׵뿪ЩǵʵΣֶ֡ɣ
½һݵĿԶȥıӰŵ˵ûôϼŶ³ʲôݣӦûµģ
ΰǶԲ𰡣һҪϲ㣬ܹϼְǺܶ˵밡
ѧ˿̶½ҲǿϾ˼ڼˣ
ϼţǾ˵׻õĵλû֮һˣ
нʴǸǶǶˮ׼ģ½ôһȥ⹤ʷ¶û飡
ο˼Һֶ³ʶˣƾһϵҲǵﶼţˣ
ѧʵҲЩڣ֪ݣղžӦһӦġ
ʱҲҲи߰ɣ
ȴûкҩԣȻֶ³ûȴһκܺõĻᣡ
½οѧ˵˶ллôҵչˣˣ
ǡǸһλİɣΰ˵
ѧ֪ⲹȻˣһ˼ƽƳΪϼŵĸ߹ܣԺÿ˼ҵɫأ
ٶѾ˵ˣûв𣡡
½οѧ˿̬ҲǷ˺ܴı仯ܹϼŵĻһ㲹ʲôأ
̵½ܣ鶼ҵĴΪǺµˣԡ
ˣ˶ٶǺڰɣ
½Ҳٶ˵ʲôˣʵлЩ׵İΣġ
ϾΪĻҲ
Ȼײʲô飬ҪΪԼ˵ĻҲǻЩⲻȥġ
ѧҧҧС㣬ȥתΣҶԺεһ㲹ɣ
½ҲûоܾԼų˹ȥ
ͨ飬½ƺҲѧԼ̬ȣ뿪ˣȴڣ
Ȼ᲻һУ޲ɢ֮ϯ
ȴδһƬأ
Ǳĳɽڣ
Ǿ뾩ǲļӳ棬Ҳĺܣ
⵹ƵĲУ
ղSONOŵʱ;һĲԾڿһﾹȻ˺ԹԵƷҲˣ
Ҫ֪ȥŵ̳һİԼ̲˻զΣ
ʵ벻ͨһﵽŻôţ
ѲɾΪϼŵ˲ɣһСС׽ҵں˵ֱеѣ
ƾʲôôĿ
翴ףջûסʵֵģһ㶼£
ΪʲôҪ£ҿǷطĺù񣬶Ҹղô˶ˣҺʲôѲɱҲɣƵǲ
׿΢΢һЦƺ˵һ㣡
ǰ󷴲ʵЩ̫ң綼Щˡ
㻹ŰǺУһ϶ѣ㻹รɣ
翴ƷƣҲ
ʵЩʱԼôҲѱôĲ
΢΢һЦ
ϣһܹôӲ
㲻˽ˣǰ˵ֻ̫̫ˣһǺúõվ˵Щȴûһܹҵĸǰ˵һĻˣ
ޱߣ
׵ĻȻ˵źƽƽ֮ȴ͸һźͰԵ
һ㶣漴ЦԭΪҹţڸС׼װ
ʵ㣬ҲǴȥһ⣬˵ʡȥ˺ܶ鷳
׿磬˵һԼĻ
翴ǹŵĻҷȰһ䣬ܹͷǰҵĻڿ̵ͷȥҲƤ֮࣡
׵ĵĲ˿γĶԱȣ
ԭӦǷɫƺȴķˣеŭ֪ˡ
ţΪһͷġ
ڿһﲻͷΪԼǲιˣСӵĻ󰡣
ƺѾЩˡ
ָǰĺ̳Ҳ¶һ˿Цݣ
ֻ粢֪ΪʲôЦЦôĹ죡
̳
һŹϵĽӳŵʷľɽ֮У˭Ҳ֪ŵ̳Ȼ棡
˴׽̳ʱȴ˸棡
ǺŵĴмں棬Լ֪Լ׽һ֮һѣ
ĺţǿɲô򵥵ģ
׻ôţҲһϣһһﲻŵӲźã




1643غ
 

ϼ֮䣬ǸƬɽһɫ£
˿̣ϼӳ֮£̳ȴһӵɱ֮
ţ϶صһһεĸ׵ĸǰ
ʵײûи֮˽Ӵڼ֮ǰȥʱϼֹصĲرͼ
Ǹʱ֮ƺ͸׷ͻֻ׵Ļ˶ѣ
һε˺̳¶һ˿Цݣ
ҲΪ˿صмＸ
ϵܣððʧʧĴһɵ˽̳ûоɣ
ĸǰһסȥ·
˿ﻹʲôŴеָоһ֮ˣ൱أ
ǰ֮˵ʦ֣ͨһҸף˵鷳ˣ
鷳㻹ǳϢ˰ôʲô˼
ʦֵ˿ʵ
͡ҵ鷳
˵оһĶˣԼ鷳Ȼ̳
οֻһˣֻһ˰
鷳㶼ܹץȻܽ
ʦֿҲһȻû뵽ԼҪġ
̾һһ仰仰˵ʦ֣
ˣִµķϣ㴫ɣ
ǸʦɫƺЩ̫Ը飬ƺЩ֮
лʦ֣
ʦֻǷǳĿġ
һԵ׿ҲǾЩЦʵƽƽһ֮˶Ѿˡ
Щ絽Ϊʲôܹλϵģ
ʵϣײ֪ʵķǳһ㣬ĸںĵλȴȽϵĸߡ
ҲΪˣʦֶǿ磬ȴòӣ
̳ȥֻһ֮ͨأʵɺŵڣ
֮һ֮˶ߣҲΪطŲ˽롣
ţҲһΪصĴڣ
û֪ǵʵʵȴ쳣ĵ͵ܶ˶֪ǵʵǳ
ǧ֮꣬ǿҲ̾Ϊֹġ
ܿ죬ǸʦֱȻȥˣ
̳
繪ӳ˹ȫȻû֮ǰǹӺŴүƣ
һԵȴȻǰ֪˻Ϊ׿ء
ʦ֣ҡҸأ
̾ԼǸĸףҪȻʵûʸߡ
ʵĺ̳ڴˣ̳ʵϲ̳
ֻܶ˲֪ѣ
ϵܣʵѾΥ˺ŵĹ涨֪ʲôطִµҲͲ˵ʲôˡ
ʦҲһƣĸǺŵִ¡
ҲǺŵСв֮һڻʦŵӿĸְλͺܲˡ
ô˵ɵְλÿԹܵʦǣòɫԷ
粢ߣ׽ЩìܾȻõ
ʦ߲ѣֱɱţָо
ʦ֣ˣ֮ǰҸ׸ҵĵҩҪǻʦֲĻ
ԼĶͳһƵƿӣȻڻʦֵĸǰ˻Σ
ʦֵ˲¶һ˿һЦݵ˵簡ֵ֮仹Щ˵ȥ˰ɣ
ʦֵȴһ㶼ûͣ£ǵҩѾǱһѸײڶ֮Ƹ
׿ЩЦҲ֪׽ʵûʲô
κεطǳľֻҪĵطнĴڡ
һ˺һߣֻҪĴڣҲǿԳֵܣ
磬ôˣ
ڻ֮ʣһȥʮµѾǳ׵ĸǰ
񾳣
̧ͷ˿ˣ츳Ҳǿԣ׶ںŵҲЩԾ
һССִ£Ȼӵ񾳵ʵ⵹˲õһ°
һ˵񾳣ܹȥְˡ
ףҡæģ
˿̸оǷǳĶˣڶû˵ˡ
֮ǰҲǱ׸ˣŽֱӴġ
˵ҪһЩѵӦȥһŵ̳
ΪϼŶ³ݣҪ飬ټ֮ǰֵôǿһ͵ˡ
ʲô£ҲûµʱҪ𣿡
˵֮˱ĸɣ˿̵˵棬Ҳˮ
һԵĻʦЩֻĿɵִ£ղϵ˵˸۸ˡ
ô£ŭһ
֧֧Ľ˵һ飬Ȼָ׵͡ңһ˵ҪǺŵмＸ
ǣһˣ˵ʺôΣΪǹҼأҹ
ɱĲһѪˣΪԼ÷ǳĶˡ
û뵽ԼĶ׽λ֮ߣȻֶ֮¡




1644¡šļһ
 

ףĺ
ʵҲ÷ǳԼĸףղǸʦֵʱʵѾˡ
ҪҵһŷɣҪȻ׹һˣĳ˲ιˣ
ңҪǲ˵һĳŲҴȣ
ԼĶ˵Ļ֪Ѿܻʲôˡ
Ҫ֪ĶѾΪŵЦ֮һˡ
Ҫȥȡһ׽λøһĻڶ֪ʲôأ
ҪʵûʵҪͷûͷԣ
ɶǳʧϾΨһĶӣҲΨһ롣
ټҲˣɴԼУ̬ȵҲǿԵġ
ǽʵ̫ʧˣһˣȻŵ̳ˡ
Ҫ˵ȥԺﻹվںŵأ
˰
ʵǶ˰
ԼĶӣ澡ʧˡ
ɵĻ̵ףģһܹǺöأ
ֵµǰֻˣЦһ
һԵĻʦָոĵҩҲĿߵġ
Цŵִ£Ȼ˵ĻǾͰϵһСæҪȻ͵֪
СưЦ˰
ɫһ죬ʵղʦֵҩʱûп
ǿôԼĶѾˣȻϣ֪ԽԽˡ
ִ£˵ĻܹΪִǿҵҰ
ʦֱһƨ˦˹ȫȻû֮ǰְɫ
һŵҩԸıһ˵̬ˣ
ټɵĵʦֿνܹɵĸǰ¶ҲܹõôֶΪأ
СưŵӵҰ㿴ŵɣ
Ҳ֪ΪԼ棬ҲȥֺһԼ¡
˭ôһĶأ
ǸʦһɵĻ̵ִ£ллģ֪֪֪֪ҾԲõ֪ģ
úúãĶߣ
ɿ磬ҲŭһϾԼӺһˣҲѯѯʲǣ
Ҫ֪ѾǺü궼ûˣԭΪԼ֪Тˣֻû뵽Լôһ
ףɡˡ
ָָһԵףʵҪľ׵ù
Լĸ״Լ뿪ôһﵹùأ
ɿôΣСư㻹İһﻹܹȥɣ
ǣ֪ǼôҸǣҿеλˣ
ЩζĿǰļˣЩЦ⼸һﾹȻҪԼˣ
еλ˭ʦפ㿴ס
һԵɿһһ㶼ţҲЩɻʵ磬˭
ףҡҸղҲ˵ţһȷͷǿ׻׽ҵܰ
翴ɺͻʦֳ
׻ƵĴҵ׽ǰɣʦֿһȷʵ
ǰʦ֣ܶ˶֪ҴˣһˣԺҡ
еĵڴˣʵ֮رϣ
֮ǰǵѧӺ½η򸾼˵һ
һҪ˵ĻԺԼ׻ƶѻȥˡ
ҪһҵУϼĿǰӰʵ̫̫ˡ
ûϢӣˣͽСƾˣʵڲͻغ̳ˣ
ɿԼûϢĶӣҲһ
׿⼸΢΢һ̾ǼҪҵǲʸ񣡡
ףһֱôţ˵Ҫأ
һһˡ
ҲǸԼһᣬ֤һȷ̫ˣԼŴһġ
ڵϣܹһЩҲ֤һԼһûдġ
СӻҪҺţǴԲѣЦһ
ǸʦֺٺһЦȻôҾͷ͵
ۣ
ڻʦֻ֮ʣ縸ӾͿʦ۾һգͫ˲ʧȥɫʣ
Ѫ漴̱˵ϣûκ
ˣ
ʦָղŻҪɱˣ˿ȴϢ֮Ѿ˺ֱ̳һַ̰
ȻˣͷҲȷǱ磬ɱߣبɱ֮
һʼûҪɱ׵ĻֿܾͲˡ
ֻϧɽû
ɺ翴ջƵͻȻ䱩˶ɵˡ
Ȼ˸ں̳ɱˣǳıӵˣ




1645ִ
 

Ǻǣûаѱ͵죬ԼȻ͹ˣ
׿ڵһǸʲôʦ֣Ҳ΢΢һЦҡҡͷ
һԵȻҲǺŵĴм￴˹ĳ棿
Ȼ˵ߺǿϾûо
ԵǶԴɱɱҲಫ֣˿̵ҲſˮףһƬȻ֮ɫ
ͬģҲˣ
Ҫ֪翴ܹġ
Ͼ֮ˣɸղһĻԼùޱȣˡ
Լһ񾳺ڵɱˣԼȴȫȻ֪ô£
ʵ̫˼ˡ
г֮ζ㡭㵽˭ҺкĿģ
ǺǣɲҪģҶҪġбۿɵ
ɱģ
ʿˮЩܣһĻʵ޷ˡ
ЦŵҪ˵ǵĻǲǲţȻ˵ĻǾɱİɣѲֻɱңͲɱ
㡭֪ʲôط۾쿴ֱˣ
С̫ˣȻں̳ɱˣѾǲԼ̫һЩ
һԵѾǳ׵±ˣղΪ׿˵ĳ϶ŵˡ
ӵ˺ԼǸһƺνһ㣡
о־ǣǰһֱļһƺЩ߰
ѲԼһֱһǺ᣿
˼ûɱԼǶԼϻˣ
׿ɣ΢۾һֱƣ챾ȻҪʶһºŵжôأ
㡭㵽˭ŵӶɳˡ
Цһ˭һȻͻ֪ˣǺŵң
ۣ
ɺûһϲһ̫ˣһ˵ܼģ
οһﵱԼնɱ˺ŵŵӣû뵽Ȼ˵Ҫ
Ψһȷľǣһһߣ
˭ҲǷǳҪ֪
˵ˣǺŵң
һεظһƺŶʼ
ಣ
ӰѾǳ˺̳Ŀ֮Уһɹɱ֮ѾϮ
ִɲμ᳤ϣ
һͷ֮ˣҲһŷЩѾܹƵˡ
񿴵ŵ᳤ˣҲǸϽ£һԵҲŵЩҴˣ
ɣ˭ŴСУ
᳤ϿɣɫÿǿϾȻһ˵ʱüͷѾһ֡
᳤ϣŰɱŵӣײ
ɿף̴·ʲô޾ίһ㡣
ҺŶɱŵӵģ㻹ǵһ
תзһм֮
Ϊ忴ʵǿҲ徳ڶѣѾ徳۷ʵ
ʵǿ֮࣬һСС徳ȻǺŵĵҰоЩ˼飡
׿Ҳ΢΢һ̾˵һΣǺŵң
Բѣڴˣţŭһ
ݣ
䣬һĽѾǳ׵ķϮȥ
˺ƶûпôֵģǵȵĽѾ׵ĸǰѹ
ЦһõҪԼһɲǣ
ʧˣ
⡭һأ
ʿˮ塣
ʱҲɫֱ䣬ŵĿܣΪǼһʧ֪֮˵Ĵڣ
Ϊųϣᵽһ˿Σյζ
䣡
Ѱ׵ټʱ򣬾һ
ԶͨŷеڴѾǱ俪һȱڡ
ãǼһȥˡ
һӷӦ˹СӿҪֱӽڲ
Ȼûи⵽ô£
һľôˣҪһѲҪŶŸɣ
׳׵ʧߣɶһ𾪺ͺ֮ɫ
ԭΪһǸʲôˣɱ֮죬ڿ˼峤϶а
׼ȥ׷֮ʣȴֺȴһ죡
ɫˣԼų˰Ҫĳ飬ʱԼ¾ŵ˰
ץסǼһ죬ҪǾ̫ϳϺ˵Ļǿﰡ
ŭһὣѾǳ׵ķ˹ȥ
ɵȵŵʱЩɵˣΪһжѾˣ
֮ƯŵļӰ弸ǰһڡ
һΣִˣ




1646ձǵ
 

ڣ
׸Ķʵ̫̫ˣһֲõԤУ
ΪųϣҪ˴ڵĻñ̫ϳϸŪ
ǸһӲĴԼƤӵ´ڣ⣬ǻҲİ
ɺ縸ĿɿڴĿǰһУ
̫ˣ
ǸоԼ۶Ҫǰһ߸ˡ
ǡǼһﾹȻֱӴǺڣ
ɿɫҰףˮģҪǳκεǳԲ˶ˡ
Ȼ֪Ǹ˭øŹȥǾ·һ
˿̣
˵Ŀⶼں֮νӴ֮еļӰȺҲһɧ
˭ôĵӣȻǺŶ֣
ǰҲ̫һɣǲҪõط
ǿ쿴ǵǶˣСˣ
ٺ٣óʱûпô𱬵ĳ˰кϷˣ
һȺ˿ͻıʣһ˷֮飡
˵ʵų񣬴һֱ൱ĵ͵ܶ˶ôһţƵŴڣ
ɾڽ죬ȻɱϺţںŵŶ֣ҪƿŵĻڴ
ֱĽడ
忴ɣĶͷҲһ˿˿亹ʿˮֱ֮ӳڵķ򼲳۶ȥ
塭
һӿƮ˹޾ϣ
֮ͨһǰ֮˹ɪɪ
ų幧ӭˣޣʵ֮˽
ϴ̬ȻǷǳĿģ˿̶Ѿǲ̧ͷλӣ
ɣ
ҲǺǿƵļ֮һ
̫ϳ֮⣬ɿνһ֮֮ϣ֮˭Ҷ
ʵϣŵʵ֪˲࣬ɱ˵ʵ֪˸֮١
ΪżһֶϾĸо
ߣΪųϣȻ˹ҺŻڴ֪ʲô𣿡
ɸ壬¶һ˿˵Ϣ
ˣ֪
ﻹ죬ں޲ðСӸǧ˲źá
ΪСӣԼŶ̧ͷҲǱŭѡ
Ҳ룬Ϊʲô˼Ҿ͸£
ߣԼȥִðɡ
ƺ˵һ޹ʹ飬һԵѾŵɪɪ
һִֵʱɫɷףϵĳźɿͷ¶ľ֮ɫԱ
ʦܣȻЩҲﲻ
һߣһ߿ź¶һ˿ЦݵȥߵĵλҲǷǳĸߡ
ʦ֣ΪųϷϳͣʱ¡
ļˣǿɶǺŵǿս
ȻɹΪɶ⼸ǶмӣҪ֪ܹΪ̫ϳϵˣʵɼһˣ
ŵ̫ϳ֮һʵǿᣡ
й´ˣȻᷢ飡Ȼܹĸǰߣ͵Ϯһڴ˵˻Щʵģ
ǿףҪ֪徳۷ǿߣҪĸǰߣǺѵһ飡
ܹĸǰߣ˵˺ܶˡ
Ҳǻһ㣬ȰοɣҪΪһ˶ʧŵһԱġ
徳۷壬Ǿ龳Ҳһ֮ң
һﵽ龳ǿǾԵս
΢΢һ̾Ȼʦô˵ˣҾ͹һɡ
˵꣬Ѿǲڹע壬ʵ뷨Ҳǲ࣬ôɱأ
ɵĿ⻺ĴתƵ׵ϣ˿һƵĿǰһУҲЩסˣ
С̫ˣЩˣ
ɵҲЩɻһҪǿ̣ŵˡ
¾ˣôڣɱӵܣһڴ󣿡
ҲûֱӶ֣ΪһЩ죡
ҪŪǰһﵽ˭һĳŵĵӻʲôģʱʲôìܿɾͲˡ
Ͼڻû̫ʧ
̧ԼͷһԵĺɵձǵģ
㡭˵ʲô
ɺûб׵ĻҭձԼһǲǸӰ
磬ڿ¶ûʸ˵ձţΪû֪ŵʵжôǿ
û뵽СӾȻ˵ҪձԼ
Ȼûҵǲ鷳Ǿ˵һɣ챾ձǺˣ𣿡
֮ǰ˵Ҳֻ֪һĻ֮˶ˣ
һʱ䣬һƬȻ




1647˵ĺ
 

ձţ
״˻һȫһƬЦ֮һҲ̫ˣ
һˣ
˵ȡ׳־ʵ˸оһķ˼
Ҫձţǿһʵһ̫Цһ㣡
ŵʵ˲Լŵ˻֪һЩġ
Ҳ̸ģ˵ĳҪҺŵ鷳ŵ³أ
οһֻһˣҪձţ
ͷʵȻզΣȴԽԽˡ
ɵİһȰ
ɲզΣĻҪձǺţҲգԼǸʲôԣ
ˣҲ֪ηһֺܺõĽͰɣ
ĴЦЦһҵġ
ҵθѽһﵱ˵˵Ҫձࣿһ᲻֪ôأ
һȺȺ鼤ܣǸоһֱζ棡
һһȻܵԼ¾ˣҪձԼţ
ΪŵһӣЩȻǾܵ˼裡
˿׵һǻһ㣬ƺܹһŰǧٱ飡
ɺĺҲǱ⻰ҭĿ˵ˡ
ձţ
ĵҪܹ˵Ȼ
ⱲһΣɵһĳ˵ģǳѾΪˡ
ңҲ֪ǸŲһ㱻ˣ
ֻܶ˲֪еԵɶѣǾڽ죬˵ҪձԼţ
һθӵĿţСӾһˣ
һ˾͸վߴԲѵ˵ҪձԼţ֮ĶѪˡ
ǿǺţҲûôİɣ
ַŭú˲һԵļΪŵ̫ϳϸһֵ飡
ɵӺܶ궼ûмˣ񿴵˸оͦʵġ
˵ʦܰǲǺʵ̫͵˰źɹһЦ
һһλ΢΢һ̾ߣֱǴԲѣȻӵ츳ܹﵽ徳ʵΪǺžӣ
ʦ壬ȻСҪҪСӵʲô£
ŭ죬׵Ļȫһ£
ΪŵŵӶڳ£Ȼ˵Ҫձ࣡
鿰ܴ裡
ٶں˵Ⱳӵĳˣûб뷨Ψһ뷨Ūǰһ
˭ͷٴ󣬸ǺŵͷʺˣǾĵˣ
źɳߣɱţСһ˶Ը㶨ǶЦ
ţɱִ֮óϺڣ
һ΢΢һ裬һԵ·Ѿǳһӣȥͣսʮ㣡
˱Ǻִóϣ
徳۷ʵ֮ǰʵಮ٣ֻһųϣһִõĳ϶ѣ
ʵܶ˴˿̶ѾǴΪִõĻиŭ죡
һʵ̫ŰһЩλ̫ϳϵ澹Ȼ˵Ҫձţ
ƾʲôʲôʸ
ҪΪɵڳĻ»Ͷˣ
˽Լսʮĳ˵ĸǰϥ¹ڣ
ţɱҵӣõ
ŭһɫȻһɱ֮ռ֮У
ҪǸղźȰĻºѾǶɱˣ
ҪǸ׶ֵĻ̫ˣ
źλ̫ϳϡˣɵ
ǣ˵Ǻ˫ɳĵֻͦϧ֮ˣǵڹ˵͸ֽûʲô𣡡
ױζ̬ţҲ¾ˣ
ֻһʼҲû뵽žȻʵ˵ǿᣡ
˵ʵ֮ǰһЩʵڲŷŵʵκһţ
󵨿ͽ
ףὣѾ˰У˿ѾǽԼսȼ˶㣡
ಣ
֮ʣѾǻһɫĽӰ׵ķֱȥ
֮УǵɫĽӰһΪΪġ
أѾǱɫĽӰסˣƺ⽣ɡ
¶һ˿Ц⣬ƺһӣͻˡ
ߣһΪСжͣҲ˰
һ¶һ˿мı飬֮ǰйһ˿ĵǣһ˿ĵŻĽΪˡ
һƬڣܶ˶ѾʼȸԾΪһЦ
һԵɺҲһСȻһЩվŵĲ໹̫ˣ




1648ºɸһս
 

䣡
һɫĽ׵Χѿԭڵķ򣬾Ǳһ㣡
ֺ˵ĳ棬һЩûмĺŵӸһĽѣ
ŵǣԼʱܹ˵ʵأ
СˣǿйٻԳְ
ǰղҾ˵ˣСӱڿϰ
绹ǿʳ磬⿿ţΪԼ޵ˣ
ǸǺװ³ΪǺӣ
һ޵Ļᶼûˣǿϧ
ǵϵĽɱףҲһľ̾Ⱦ׵ĽҲǲһֶĤݵĸо
ʵϣڸֵУȽҲһ㣡
ȻΪĻȥʮ㣬ʵȽʵã
ɵ¶һ˿ЦǺԣ
ڹˣҲ£οһССأ
һνţڸǺ
ɵķŭȻǿ֪ˣҴ˸Լ˵ʱ̬Ȳ̲
Ϊֲ̲̬ȣúɲɱ⡣
ˣԺ֮ˣֱɱ
Ϊ³أŻ˵׼תȥ
һԵĻЩֹΪоԼղһƺʲôҲûдš
Ѿܲ˵Ĵˣ˵˱Լնɱˡ
׼ջԼķɽɾҪջԼıʱȴһޱȹ飡
ղԼȥǵɽȻԼɻˣ
Ҫ֪ɽƾƣǳǿ
ǿķɽҲҪƣӹɵġ
⡭ôܣ
ݣ
֮һɫĽӰƳգŻֱɶٶȸǿ쵽޷
꣡
ɽ׷ٵһĴ̴˻壬ƾôضûô
ͨ
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ԭΪ鳾صĺŵӣһǾ㵵ĿǰһУ
˼
ʵ̫˼һֲʵĸо
Ҫ֪ղһΪѾûκεˣɾ׼ɢȥʱȴѾǺʡ
йٻһѾˣڵϣϳֳʹ֮ɫ
ɴ۾Զ֪׷ʲô飡
ʵǸоǳ֣Ϊʲôӣ
Ҫ֪ǿԼķɽ
ԼķɽܹԼŪˣ⴫ȥǸЦ
һֱڣûʶԼ˸֣Ϊаŵԭء
ô£
ɵתѾȥɵǸո뿪ʱ򣬾һ޴ĺ
ǻͷȥʱ򣬷ֻѾǹڵϣɫһ࣡
ԼķɽȻ̴Լ壿ѵǸһû
ҲһͷˮĿǰΣûиܵǸһϢ
ƶΪѾˣڵη·𲢷ġ
ٺ٣ոտʼҪ˰ɣ
׵ӸղǱѴ˳ѰԴҲǿ˹ȥ
˿̣
֮У׵Ӱһεĸ˵ǰ
˿׶оһĲ˼飬һﾹȻû
Ժ֮еľһ뷨
㾹Ȼû
һ䣬΢΢̧ͷԶףв֪Щʲô
ʵ˿Ҳ𾪲ѣû뵽һﾹȻû
ϢΪʲôղһʧӰأ
ǣҶ˵ˣձǵģ㲻Ϊɸ˾ܹɱҰɣ
׸оɷǳĿЦԼţѲûһ˼
Լǲ֪˵ˣѾ˸ɱˣ
ߣԲѣʲôʵΪʵ˻ʸ˵ˣ
ɵ¶һĲм֮ɫѾ˪
Χλ̫ϳԭЦҲǽҲûζ̬ˡ
ˣе㼬֣
ǼĿǰһֹʶǿҲЩֶѣ
׿ź΢΢һЦǲǴԲѣɵһ£ɸһս
󵨿ͽ˵սսģ֪ܣһ׾ȻսҲŭһ
ʵͦҲΪֲһԼ֮ǰĹʧѣ
ֻѾǱ׸ˣ
ɵָһ¸һԵĺʦܣɣҵҪһʲôʸҺҰ
ʦ֣ˣȻҪԼսңҾԸɣ
΢΢֣Ϊһ֮Ȼŭɶ˿ѾЩɥʧˡ




1649һȭ֮
 

Ź㳡룡
һ̤Ϊ֮һ
Լû뵽һССߣȻԼļſڣԼˣ
ɸһս
Īķ̰Լ˭ǿõĺСӶ֪ðġ
ȻԼĵԼҲҸһսⲻǷʲô
ʱҪڵͷڹĻԼŶû˼ˡ
οСӵȷǹĺܣ
һ˵ҪձţھȻҪսԼҪʲô
Ѳı˲ɣ
ɶһԵĺʦ֣鷳̽һ£ǲ춯
һԵĺ΢΢ҡͷҵȸղѾ̽ˣԲ֮ڣûߵټӦֻһˣ
һˣһ˾͸ܵҺҰҲ̫Һŷˣ
ŭĶһԵĺ˳
΢΢ҡͷе㷴ӴӽھȻû¶һ˿ĵ֮ɫ෴ľȻһϷ˼̬
ǰʦ˵Ķԣ˲ɵӣô϶ʲôư
˴˿ҲʼףΪ˿϶ɵӡ
һɵӣܹô˵ĵز
Ѳħ֮ˣħ֮ٹĺܣֶΪġһ
˵ǴӺζʲôĿģҪҺҰҲÿû¡
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ףȻԿ϶ûмһܾ治Ծ
ﲻԾһʱỹ˵ֻܹһºˡ
ʱĺɣﻹܹýȥ˵Ȱ裿
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ո˵
˵ľڵĺɣŴȻûвĴɱɱ̵ĺôȴһ㶼ȱ١
ô꣬ſľ󷢲ƣ
񣬱۸ſˣʱҲòЩС֮չһºŵʵˡ
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˵ĶԻҲһЦ
ʵȷǺǿ˵֮ʵΪǿļ֮һ
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ಣ
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ɣ
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׵һЦ֮úɵһͷ
˶ǿǰľʵ벻ͨСӵţʲôţ
ǻ˻ô
ȣ⵵βĿɲһǰ㣡
ߣΪƤӾܹձҺŲɣȥɡ
ݣ
һӰ׵ķֱܿǵӰķ˿
׵ĸǰƺĺɣÿһӰϵıŹķʽ
һ
ǺŵľѧʵֹкܴĹƻԣΪ˶ݵ£һ˸ֵܷĸĸǼٵģ
ĽӰ˷Ϯ׵ѿһ˿Ц
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֮һȣǵȭͷֱӳԼϷĳһӰɱȥ
ȭ硢ȭɽӣ
ǿȭ
һĨ֮ɫһԹսȭ˵ĺˣ
һԵĺҲʿˮ⡭СӵôİʵѾǲ˰
ʵϣȻǺɵʦ֣ɺȴȽ龳ڣ
ֻͣ龳۷ľ棬˵ɻŲСĲ࣡
ڵѾԵĸܵԼʵף
һúо޾Ĳ֮࣬Ҫ̫Ķ
һĪ⣬ҪҵĺʦֶҲǲܵģ˻δ䣬һεľʲôⲻܣ
Ŀɿڴ
˶ĿɿڴĿ֮еľ
˿̣ߵЩӰѾʧҲǿ˵׷ʲô
ɵۣѾǱһȭϣҪüʱĻº룡
ֲ˹
һȭ֮Ȼܹƿ龳ڵǿߵķ˵˺ɣ
˼ǵһ
һʱ䣬£Ȼѻȸ
׵ΰȻںŵ֮У˿̣Ϸ·Ϧͣսһ㣡
˵Ŀⶼϣ
˵ƺһ⣬˵˭
һȭúˣֱδŰ
Ҫ֪ɵʵǿǴﵽһ൱ߵĲΰһ˱˵˺ɣɶǲ̫ܣ
ɵǿѧһ˿˼ҵǰǹҼһ㣬޵ֿ




1650º鳽
 

⡭˭ôôͣȻ
ֹһа
ʲôʱô˰ֲ̫˰ɣ
ģղŻôЦˣû뵽ھȻ
һƬžžģܶϵһĨ֮ɫþδɢȥ
˿ѾһƬƲҵû뵽ղΪɵļһﾹȻ˳ʹһ
ʧܲ£µ˼ҽһоӮˣ
ѹķʽӮһ֣֮ǰֿȥ·һЦ
һߣ
ɺ縸վ濴һУ˸оһ±ƣ
㵽ǵ˭
ɿ磬ѾɪɪղԼҪɱ˼ҡ
ת˲֮䣬˼Ѿǽ£ֱֲ̫һЩ
ҲǺɬ˵ˣԼ׵ӣҲǽͰ͵˵״ˣҡҡҲ֪˭һΪ
Ϊ֪Ķ˼ôûһƺ۵ļһﰡ˼Ҵţһ͵ɣ
ɿΨΨŵŵӣоһ
ʱ˵ʲôѾˣ״ɱķӣ޲Ҹطȥ
֮ϣ
ɫҰףղһһֻĸо
һǿԼǿѧ
һ˾ѧҲǲϣԼڶĵӸǰˡ
ɾôҲû뵽һһȭͺԼǿѧ
ԼѾǱˣ
Լʧۣɵ¶˾ҵľ֮ɫ·𿴵ʲô˼Ķһ㣡
һеǲֻϧǷȱһЩ򣡡
׿źɣһƵӡ
˵ղ˾һﲻ֪ĻôѾû뷨ˡ
˵ȫһƬž
㡭㾿˭
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ҪҺűձ࣬θҲ̫һɣ
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ಣ
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׿ż΢΢һЦôţУҪȺŹˣҵǿԷ㵽ףǺλƺЩס˰
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һԺǼλ̫ϳϵɫǱֱ䣡
¹ҺţҺȻֻµֶδ̫һЩɣ
ˣ
˸оԼԴһѣֻ˸оһֳƵѹȸУ
һ޷ĸо˶̧ͷ֮ǵӰʵʣ
ǣŵĵ̵ͦۺ񰡣Сϵģ㵹ҲܹסЩĿˡ
μʦ𣡡
ɺͺ˿ˣǶŵֱӹ
˲ǱˣǺŵ鳽
ȻǺ鳽˵Ѿȥôᡭ
һʦǿߣû뵽ȥˣȻţ
һСӿҪˣǶǿ߰
ǰŵ龳ʧҪǻŵĻǣ
ԭĺλӣһ鳽ĳ֣˲ըˣ
Ҫ֪鳽νŵżҲΪ鳽
ʵ֪ܹн죬ǵ̶ôۺȫΪһţ
ĺֻܹһţΪ鳽ĳ֣һжıˣ
񣬺鳽һεվ˵룬˶һֶĤݵĸо
񣡣
鳽Ļһ֣ȴѾǿף
׿ź鳽΢΢һЦŵʵڵеһƴ
ǺǣڣȷǷǳҺδؾͲǵĶ֣鳽Цһ
㣿һ㣡΢΢ҡͷ㲻ذδĶ֣
ҵҪһذδʵֻϧһֱûлᣬ¾ǺˣձҺţ鳽Ҳһ
ȻˣҲ޷Ѿձ࣬һűȻҲڻ£俴һۺ鳽Ȼһεĳ˼֣̫幬ף
˻һȫԾ
Ӱ˵




1651Ľ
 

˵Ӱ
鳽û뵽ǰ֮ˣȻǴ֮еľ̫幬ף
̫幬Ѿֿȵˡ
ţһĴڣ
֮;̫幬֮Ѿһƣ
Ŷһŷɥ
һﾹȻǾ̫幬ô᣿ǲ˼鰡
ǰֲǼһ˵ţԭһﾹȻͷô󣡡
ǺſҪһƽ˰Ǿ̫幬ɶɱ˲գ۵ħͷ
ǿ̫ڶ˸ˣǺżǸ̫ڲ࣬ôǱ˵Ķأ
£ŵĵһľ֮̾
̫幬ͻȻ˺֮Уһĵ
鳽ЦһߣԭǾ̫幬ݹ٣ʧԶӭ
ӣǲӭˣ׿ź鳽ȻһЦ
Һ̫幬Թ޳ͱǺ⣿
鳽ҲЩ֣̫幬Ҳ̫˰ɣ
˿̵֮Ҳ𺳲ѣԭ˵ᣬվߵʱȴޱȵ𾪣
Ǿ̫幬Ļô²ˡ
׿ź鳽΢΢һЦҾ̫幬ֻϣܹһĻѣ֪Ƿ˼أ
Ļ˼ĪҪ綼ھ̫幬Ľ£
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˵ģ͵˼Ұĺǣһ붼ˡ
鳽ǵĸ֣ô׵ľͷأ
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ֻ̫ڵǰ֮ú鳽гƬ̵ԥ
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һѵľľ̫幬ձˣ϶ǼȵĲġ
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׿ź鳽΢΢һ̾ҪôҲǿԵģΪԵֵסҾ̫幬𣿡
ĳˣôĶҵ᲻֪أ
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Ϊĵһţôܳأ
ں鳽Ҳ˰
һӦö׹飬֮лһ˿˿ϣ
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׵Ҳǲ鳽֣Ϊ鳽ȷҲţ
ľԵʣ
ú鳽Ϊ֮ӣȱҲ˲ţ
ο鳽ɽٷʵһ֮ңѣ׸᲻ɱͷˡ
ȻˣһִԲ򣬷һжǿ̸ġ
ʲôذδǾ̫幬ˣǡأ
鳽Щסˣ֪ڵǸʲô
ذδΪǰʲôһŲɣ
΢΢ֵʵƺЩˣҪ֪ĻֻҪӦҵɣ
ԥ
˵ʵڵĺ鳽ԥ
˵ͷͷǵһˣһ̫幬ձڡ
˵Ǻţ¶ϵĶ֡
鳽˵һԵĺŵӶǲ֨
Ǻɵ˴˿̶Ŀź鳽ΪѡȨں鳽һ˵У
ֻǺɵ˴˿̶ǵɴӿǰףΪǾһʵЩ̫һЩ
鳽Ȼ˵׵һЩ飬֪ĻǺɣ
ڵĻǾ̫幬׵ǿ󣬸ղ׶֮ء
ʲô˾Ȼ˵ǿ
˿Ա֮󣬺Ҳһ
֮ǰһĿǸˣû뵽Ȼͷˣ
ͬ𺳵Ļɺ磬ʵھ̫幬˽Ĳֻ࣬Լĸ˵
Ϊִ£Ҫռ鱨ԼһЩ飡
̫幬ĺܶ鱨ɶͨɵֳ洫ȥġ
ʵԭǴռڵ鱨׼ϱģΪѾõȷе鱨ڲս㷢˵Ǻ;̫幬йصġ
׵֮ǰһڣ˹ȥ
̫幬
ǲĴڣѾǸŴ˾޴ѹ
һԵɵ״ˣȻǾ̫幬ǡô죿
ɣ˭ãƫƫǵǿŵ
ɴ˿̶Ѿûκε뷨ˣΪ룬Ҳûκεôˣ
Լ׾ӣҲЩ
ֻҪɱĻȵڣ
֮ϣ
鳽ףԥƺ˶ڵȴľ
Һ鳽һδ˭츳ʵġƺЩˣֻҪҺ鳽ĳǡ
鳽΢΢¶һ˿Ц⡣
֮䣬ϧ
һԵ׿ź鳽ͬ¶һ˿Цݵ˵޷
дһ£ӮˣҺ鳽ԺΪǰԹԣ
鳽бһľ⣬ҲǴۻս⣡




1652Ұˣ
 

鳽һ˶㣡
˱ս⣬ǹŶΪ֮һ
һɼǿѹȸѾǵصĳ׵ķѹ˹
һԵĺɵ˶ǸоЩܲʶѹȡ
ȴǸûһĿź鳽΢΢һЦȻ˵ˬ죬ǾͿʼɣ
һأ
鳽ǸưһѲΪԼӮԼ
̫幬ʵȻǿᣬɽɵϢܶ˴׵ΪǿİֲŻ˵ġ
˵ʵǷǳǿȻղѾ֤۶Ǵġ
Ǻ鳽ŰҪ֪龳۷ʵһ֮ңͿԶɽٷɾҵλ
ʵ鳽һֱѾûԼĶˡ
ͻȻðһ˼ҸûаԼУ鳽һֱӵĸо
ҵֵ棬ûһ
׿ź鳽Ե˵ȺҲֻ׺ذδ˵ˡ
Ҫ֪鳽ʵ˵ǹھˡ
ߣǺôĿֻһɶɽٷΪԼӮҵҪţ
鳽Ǹ˿ԣѾҲô˰ɣ
֪ԼӮˣҲøӰɣ
ûпӮ鳽ʵŰٷ֮ʮİտӮףֻΪ̫幬ͷڵͷЩı̬ȡ
ϾҪǵĲԼԼĺţ
ɲҪŵҵԼϡ
Σ
Ҳø鳽ڶƤˣĽ˵һý
䣡
һ̤
˲䶸ֱѹס˵ĺ鳽
˿ٿ鳽ɫһɷף
˲һȫûκε׼
鳽û뵽׵ʶȻȫѹԼѾǽп಻
ղһΪԼܹǿѹףڿȫһЦ
鳽ʿˮԭİٷ֮ʮģ˲ʧӰ٣
оԼٷ֮һϣûˡ
һ
鳽ԭ뷨Ѿʧȡ֮һȻ
֪Լһûа취Ӯ׵ĻôһԿûκεˡ
һУ
鳽һ˱һƬɫ֮ǰɵɫһƺһεĻһΪĴ
һɻصϢ𽥵˿
䣡
һı֮鳽һΪΪġ
أռ䶼ź鳽ӰһӰϵ׵ߣ
ƺһ̾ҪǿĹƣ
ʵϣһȷǷǳƽ⣬Ͼһûȷ鳽ķλôͻ᲻ϵıģ
׵ʶǿ˹ôƽⲻأ
ݣ
֮УӰѾǳ׵ķ򹥻ƺһҪռ˺һ㣡
ȭ
һһʹ֮ǰɶսʱȭ
Х
һȭӰĳѾǺɱȥƸͻɽһ㣬޿ɵ
գۼ䣬׵ȭͷѾǸ鳽Ӱӽ֯һ֮ȭӰͽӰص
¡¡
һѵ֮ӿɫڿнӳ
أԭռɫʧ˿̵һεĿʵʱȴ׵ȭͷ˿Ѿͣ˺鳽֮ǰ
һ˲䣬·𶨸֮У
⡭Ͱˣ̫˰ɣ
ǰǿǱȼ缸ֵﰡȻҲ˼ҵһ֮У
ֲ̫ˣʵֲ̫ˣԺ󿴵̫幬˻߰
ǺԺҪž̫幬ˣҲ̫ǿ˰ɣʲôʵ
µ˶ĿɿڴĿǰһУʵǲ֪׵ʲô磿
Ҫ֪ղź鳽Ѿ˵Լɽٷһ֮ңˣ
ǰƺǾɽٷֻһ֮ңˣǸоһı
֮У
鳽Ķͷ亹ܣû뵽ԼĹ׾Ȼûκεã
˿ڶ鳽Ķ׵ȭͷȻҲ֪ԼԱܿ׵һȭ
ȴѾսˣ
ΪԼǿѧѾ˸ƽˣ
ҪôȥĻԼҪ˸ĥ
ԼĹ˺ף׵ĹȴһԼҪ
У
ԼһЩνĵֿܹôأ
ʧ䡢塢
ź鳽Уһ֮У
ĿףһȻҡҰˣ
ʶʱΪܣԺΪľе˵ģ
׿ź鳽Ҳ֪ԼѾûκεĶˣֻջһλ˵ĸ֣һĿģ
鳽Ըķ䣬кŵΪ̫幬ţܾ̫幬쵼
鳽Ȼ䵥ϥ¹ƺ⿪ĳĽһ㡣
ź鳽еĺŵ˲һɽХѾǳţ




1653¼ĺ鳽
 

ڣ
˺ɵλϣһԵĺ鳽˷ֱ֮䣡
˿̣˶׿ǲ֪׵Ҫ˵Щʲô
ŵļ룬׻һͳӦָտɴˣ΢΢һЦ
鳽¶һ˿εЦݵи벻ףΪʲôذδΪ˾̫幬
鳽ֵĵطߣҪһͳ磬ѲɲΪϵٹ⣿
׿ź鳽ڰֵҵ׷ѰΪӦȥɽɣ֮£ѾȥԽذˣ
ػ㰡ҵˣ鳽Ҳ΢΢һ̾
׵Ļ֮󣬺鳽һС˼ƺûˡ
˼һͳ磬Լȴøڵˣػȵܱȣ
׼һͳԴ·䣬ѾѧԺøܹжɽٷĻᣡ
Ѱ
鳽΢΢һ̾ɽٷȷһСջ󣬿ô궼û˷Ѿʧȥģ
׿ź鳽ͻȻʵ޽˰ɣ
ô֪ģ
鳽һ𾪵Ŀףû뵽Լ޽׾ȻֱӾͿˣ
ʵϣ鳽ô꣬׳һ㾳磬ȴȻֹ
ôȥˣǿһؿ֮ûκεĽ
΢΢һЦ˵ˣΪľе˵ġŵҩӦÿͻɾɽҵλ
ʲʲô
鳽ĶеǿŵҩһѪŵĸо
ǿŵҩ֮ȵ鳽Ҳʿˮ
Դѷ߼ĵҩѾǾˣ
Ժ鳽ҪͻĹؿҲǷǳѣ
˿̺鳽ļ֪û뵽˰ǿŵҩֻǸ֪֪ԲǷƷ
׿ź鳽ˣ˵Ҳһһţ߰ɣ
ߣ
鳽ЩƵĿף֪׵ʲô˼
Цŵ׽Ұһ£Ȼ׼ȫ龳۷壬ɽٷ
⡭ô˵ڻûдﵽɽٷĲΣʵ
鳽Щ׵±ˣһҲ̫һɣ
ûдﵽΣȻһһоԼˣ⻹
ɵҲһƣһ㷴˼ûˡ
˵Ȼжɽٷİ취һҲð̹⣬һļ
׵Ŀʵܼ򵥣ɽ֮и۸ӣ
ҪĽԼƱҪδѣ
ЩˣһԺɽǾǲСһս
ҲΪʲôҪѧԺһԭΪֻܹԴԴϵΪ˲š
׻ȥߣȻȻĻšһ
ԣ׸һЩҩʲôġ
һЩ˻ᱳԼţ˻ǻԼһصġ
ײɵӣȥɽûеôɣҪǰø׼
ڵĺ鳽ȻҪ£Ķ
ľԣǾеŰ
ˣɺɵȥذɣһǣ
΢΢һЦҪľǽ׽һЩ˶˵
ԺǾԺ˵ˣ
׽磬кܶҪҪԼļ˽ӵ̫幬
ЩûѵʱӦòܳڽ͵ĻʱȻúõĽһ
׽磿ãȻĳȻ岻ݴǰ
鳽һֱԼܹͻƣƺǰôŹأ
ɺ֮ϵʱŵȶЩˣ
ɻûлأһǿڴ֮ϣͨһ¾͹
׿΢΢һЦ򶭣һƺʧ˰
࣡
ĺзһĭͨһµҡ۲ʶ̩ɽ롭Ұɣ
װڰֵҪɱ㣬ҲȵڣһЩԺϣܹչչˡ
Ժ׽磬˼Ҳܴ磬Ծ͸Ҳ·ˣ
ӦõģӦõģ̵
ܹףǾ˵Լðˣ
΢΢ͷǵĳ˹ȥɴ˿̾ǹ͹һĸ׺ͺ鳽
ҪΪ˵ɱһĻһɵ˶Ҫʰˣ
Ϊ磬һŶûˡ
˳׽ķֱȥԵ˼ʻԱ׺ͺ鳽žǵķʻȥ




1654ʵµĸ
 

Ƶ꣡
鳽ѾǱ֮У鳽ԼҲû뵽׵ϾȻ
ѾʼˣǿԴú鳽޵ĸп
֮ǰ֣·һЦһ㣡
ʲôţʲô磿
ں鳽Уֻṇ̀Ҫľһһܹɽٷ
ĺ鳽ѾǰģһҪúõĸף
ֻҪһܹɽ磬ʱױĶˣ֮һ߶һĶˡ
鳽ֲ֪жˣȻű̫幬ձˡ
Ⲣһ£˵и׻Ƶ߷ɽҲ˵أ
磬˿̳Ϊ׵רְʻԱ
˭Ҳû뵽߳復ǵүһʻԱǷǳĵ֣
ʱҾ͸κҪܿڣ
׵ƨҲҲİΪʵ̫һЩ
һƿԼˣǵţҲǺԹԣ
׿׽磬ʲôģ׾ˡ
⡭ʹð
ֱ׵ְҪǰĻʲôֶ塣
ɾ˺ŵ֮󣬾ǽһٸӣҲôĺ
׳㺰ʲôʹõģѲĹ㶼˲ɣ
˵ļǣǡҾͺɣ
ôҲҺ׵ֱ֣ӺΪҲʡ¶ˡ
Ҳøһڷϻôһġ
Ƶ꣬ױ¥ȥлȥ
һȥͲ׾ͰԼء
һ֮
һ¥ʱ򣬷һﾹȻߣҲˣ
СӿˣԼߣˣ
糯Լķ˹ЦŵȥϢ𣿡
û£Ѿڳ˯һˣҪȥ
̬ȣֱȷӶҪְ
˼һµҲȥʲôطһҪ˹̸飬׽һЩҪҪĵĻҲԸһ𣡡
ҡҲԸһ𣿡缤ˡ
΢΢ͷ˿̵վھƵſڣϿҪҲӭһ£ǶԺϵһأ
ˣ
һ󷢶ĺХһɫķͣƵſڣ
СӿʵЩ̫һЩҪ֪ղƵſڻվǱߡ
ǿļһһײˣ
һⷨڿⷨĳĸ֪Ӧǲˣ
ôİûһ㹫İ
ʱһʮŮӳŷĳһŭ
׾վŮĲԶŮٵҲǾ£ɫţп㣬ҲһΪ۵Ů
ԿóǳĲã
һ㱻ײˣ˭Ҳòȥ
ͣƵſڣӳˣһһŮ
ǸŮһŮʱɫӵĲÿˡ
Ӵҵʱ˭أޱˣ
˵ŮӳѷɫޱŮǸǧɣ
ֽʱļߣޱͬˡ
ޱ׻ʱļߣһϵǴѧͬѧѣ
һֱǾϵ켸ͬʱǽӵϼ֪ͨһ
û˵ʱϵƵ꣬ʱ˸Ǽϵġ
ޱԭͲãΪ֮ǰһֱڸһţۿҪˡ
˸ŵˣԾժˡ
ֲһ㱻ײˣײ˻ѵĳ
ȻӵĲζˣ
ѾֹһεԼĸǰҫԼǸǮˣҲ·ˡ
˭ˣ氲ŵţʲôģҸ𣬽ǱҵǸ
ޱЩʲõĿȵ
ǸƾʲôǸǸõſԭǲģԼվĲǵطҪǸǸΰ㣡
ҲһˣûκεǸ˼
һѿֿ˿ޱϽү֪ʲô𣿡
ʲôʰһײ㻹ˣ˵ܷܲŸɾ㣡
ޱǸѣҲһʲô°
Լһ㱻һײˣȻԼ
ŻޱЦһߣҲǼ˼̸ʣƵ껹ŵ̯ǲǻ¸·ذ
㡭Ǯ˲𰡣ǱҵǸ
ޱһʱ伸еίӿͷˢˢĵȴޱȵľǿ




1655¹ײ
 

Ƶſڣ
ޱбһӵټĴ̼ӾЩܲˣ
Լ˴µĴţҪɼˣ쵼һӸ˦
ԼһСʱĹ͵ߣȴһ㱻˸ײˡ
ײ˵ˣȻѣ
˵ʵ˾ôûôķŭ
˽Ͼôֱ꣬𣬻ޱоԼܵļ̤
ѾΪ˵Ǹ߲Ǹˣľһ
׿ǰһĻüͷҲ΢΢
ΪһϿҪ鶼ѾǰźˣҲ뱻Щš
̫̫Ĳƽ£һ£˻һܡ
ɽʱ䲻ԣҲûд֣
ܶѣЩʱ˾ҪһЩۺĥܹϵĽġ
Сˣ˵Ǽǰɣûײ㣬ã
˵˽˼һ֪һ͵ĸ
֮УǮĸʵ̫̫ˣԼһЩǷǳġ
οǾݻƵأ
һЩ߸ʲôģʵһ㶼ȡ
𿴷ĳںܶСǳƵ꣬Щ֮ͯģҲǼЩ
ԣʵţʲôǳӱӣӵĺ룡
ĸĺ룬ھǵĳеȷǱȽϵĺ
ޱŷ˼һſڶͷʲô˰ҪҵǸͱˣ
ޱ㻹ǰɣ
𿴵ޱеһ򵱹ص֮Ҳŭˡ
Ů˻ǲ֪˰ֵ
ô˿أҪҶĿǾײˣһǸְɣ
ޱǼߣҲ֪ͨԼ
ʵϣΪһŮˣܲ
ΪӲҴôΣӴŮ˲Ҳһ
˵꣬˼׼ȥ
һԵ״Ͻס˷˼˼һһвɷأ˵ͦҪģҪȻȽ˰ɣ
ˣҸ㣬ҪڸǸ֣Ҵﶼʶ㣡
˼ݺݵ˵˿ƣҲһҡͷ
һǹݵģŮ˶Ҫ򰡣
ŷ˼˼ѳͣһ°ɣȲɷ˵ҪʶĻҪǲʶĻͽ
ޱһô˵ֱվǰ棬һԲ
һԵ׺翴У׻δ˵絹Ů޵ǸҰ
㿴ǸˣǲǸ񣿡ЦЦ
ҡԺһˣһˣ
о˵һûţȷ˵ƺԼӰӣ
ˣ
ȻƱƺҪǿɹĲͬ
ʵϣҲÿ֪ޱŮ˸˵Ķ֣
Ůȴƫƫôľǿжһ˿飡
ģӵĳǰɣ
˼ŻޱվԼĳӸǰסԼǰ·һӱŭѣ
ޱȰ㲻Ҫ
һޱǵ͵ĸҪ
ޱ˿Ǹ
˸ۣ˵ǶԷǰɣ
˼ŭһŭ˳ţȻԼĳ˹ȥ
һ
һͳĺ
˼˼ţǵͳΪ˿־壡
ʵ˼Ҳһľ͸ײޱţȷǸһְʾ
һĹҵ֮ȥĻޱô¾Ҫûˣ
컯֮£
˼ĸô
ȻңŭźֱײȴɿɲŻޱ
ӻǰޱųӶˣҲЩ
ʱܹµ̨Ȼǲܵģ
ˣòãŲһźѾģ
˼ڳ棬ڲϵĿޱľ롣
⳵Ӿޱֻжʮҵľˣ
ֻҪ˼ɿţܿ⳵Ҫװڻޱˡ
Ȼˣȴһ˶޷ܵġ
ܶ˶룬ǳĻôأ
һôǮǮ¾ˡ
׵üͷ΢壬ûд㶯ֵ˼һԵҲǿǰ֡
ڿ˼ʱȻǸԼôᣡ
أ
΢ײ˵ĶУǷ˼ȻĿײ˻ޱ
ֻӴһޱӵײŪһƺСȶҲǲһЩ
ȻײȲأɱϾǳײˣ
ЦһٸһλᣬϽˣҪȻŭǼ˼ûк³ģ
λСǸ
ڻޱһʱ򣬴һдԵɤ




1656ҪҺ˾
 

ſڣ
ܶѾʼפΧۣϾһ˸ǱߣһǸŮ
ܶ಻ˣΪʲôأ
֣ǹ˵һְãҲһϰߣ
ܿ죬ֳΧŲٵˣ
˭Ķ£
˼ʵҲײˣϾôߣҪײĻʱҲһ鷳£
û뵽ޱŮˣȻôĹִ
ûطһʱȻ˸վޱ˵׼ĿתƵһ˵ϡ
Ϊһ˵
˵ʵڴŮˣ˼ԼҲЩݣȻܹɵó飡
ҪǴеģǺѹ飡
ԣ˼ֱӽŵĳϨŭĳȺ֮к˹ȥ
ԭǲ飬Ȼûһ˸վ˵仰
Ҳ΢΢һ̾ⷨĸĳƵȷ̫ˡ
ҪƽʱһѰĳҲ˵˶ûаɣ
û°ɣ
Լ֣ޱԥһǽԼַ׵ϣ
ܿ죬㱻׸վ
ʵϳ˲һƤ֮⣬ûʲô̫ˣ
лл㣡
ޱղһ̸оǷǳ˿̵վӢ۾һ㣬еһ˿
ûϵ˭Ը׳ŻޱҲЦŵ
Сӣ˵˭أ˵һ飡
˼վ׵ԱߣΪ׵Ա߻վһ˸磬ûи̶֣
ǲ֣ȴ
˼˵ˣһԽУ
ԽоԼ˶߳һͷ
׻˵úãǮ˵ĵ˼ĵԼǮ
Ȼˣʵиֻ̣мЩ˵ѡ
Ժİ˵ɣҶоڱ㣡׿ŷ˼Цһ
翴˵ݣȻ鶼ҪܣԼû뵽
СӾȻҶ㣬Ҳǳ׵ŭˣ
û׵Ҳֻܹţһ㣬׽ƺǸͨˣ
Ҫһ￴ɱķĳĻ¶Ҫˡ
˼ԱߣԼѱ˸ˣǰô˰˵ˣһëǮĹϵǹúӶ£
Сӣ㹻ֵİ˼͸һӵâ
λСǸ
һεظԼղ˵ĻҲøӵڷϻ
һϿܾҪˣҲûôĹ⳶
Ǹҵոһʰ㣬Ͻӹ
˼ҲŭˣһﾹȻԼޱǸ
ʵһʼһײޱǹģΪʱڳͿ˻ޱˡ
һֶԻޱưɣֻû뵽Ů˾ȻĸԼˡ
ֱQô⣬ȻԼȻŭɶ
ԼǸ
˼Ц˿»䣡
Ǹ͵ǸôϻģŲӰ㳵ˣ
һСӾȻԳӣҲŭˣ
˼ԭ֪ô죬һľȻҪԼĳ˶Цˣ
ӴӴӴðĴβǣҳҰ첻ӣ
˼֪Լڸ˭˵Ȼ׵ĸǰʲôھǿӼ
׿һŮȥҽԺɣ
õģ
һ˵Ͻͷ˵ūڷ˼һЦˡ
ĻΪţأһ˾Ҫҵĳ֪⳵Ǯ˵㣡
˼Ϲ˳֮ɫԭģĻΪǸʲôϰ壡
û뵽ȻǸ˾˼ͬʱͶ˱ĵĿ⣡
ллһһйС˾ͲȥҽԺˡǻ߰ɡ
ޱԼһ˵ʱûôĺ£ڶԼˣùⲻȥˣ
ҪʱҲһ
ɵҲ֪жǮˣ
ôˣˣ˼磬м֮ɫ
籩ŭѣ֮⣬û˸ҸԼô˵ģû뵽һ۵ģ
˿ףüͷһ壬ĵ˵ͷ
һ׵ͷֱӳԼĳ˹ȥҪӺøֺúõźһ
СӣʰҲٰ




1657±Ʋү
 

ԲûйϵҸ֮ìܣҪȻ߰ɣ
ޱ׺磬һסȥ·
˼ӣһʲô
Ͼ˼ֻǸ˾ⷨǮޱȻҲԼĸǰ԰ڹġ
һǧķҪˣզⰡ
ײδ˵ֻͷѣʣµϾͿԽˡ
ȻԼͿΪʷԭġ
ˣҪǿǲ̫ܵ顣
翴Żޱû£
˵ͷ֪ʲôֵ֪ǮǸ˾أһʶûУ
ŭһǾǺţ֣
ǣܹӵ˸߼۳ˣҲǼΪĴڣ
ĸĳƣǰʮ㣡
Щ˵ʲô컹Ҫ˭Ҹҷ˼ھϣһûҸҷţƵأ
˼š١ھǻǱȽ֣
ʵΪ˼жôţļھǷǳĲ
Ƽţ
ŲôļţھȦǺţġ
Ƽҵģ˼ϵڽҲһĵλ
ֻϴˣ˷Ƽţ
٣Һ˵ְ˵ţĸˣ
ǰ˵ǷƼŵٶ㣬ʶٰ
ƼţүķƼţֲһôţأ
ǸС˾ǲҪǷƼŵķٵĻ¡
ΧЩҲûм棬ʵϾǵȦҲô
ǺܶûļʶƼŵķү⽭˵Ȼٲ˵ġ
һǷƼŵģҲЦһԭǷĶӣ˵أ˵ƨһ
˸ۣղ˵Ұʲô˵һ飡
죡
Ƿ˼׵һڻʵûг֮ǰһֱ˺Ƿ죡
˭ĸǰ֣˭һү
˼ˣһ֪ôҵİ
һСӣүҾͽ̽ôˣ
˵꣬糯Լĳ˹ȥʵȻţȴԳһƫã
ϲԽҰڿһԽҰһJEEPˡ
˿ɲôļ򵥣ٶɵġ
Ҫ֪һһ˵ҲֻҪʮңװͻٶҲû˭ˡ
ŭĳԼĳ˹ȥ˼𶼿Ц
ȥ⻹ţذһˣ˼ӼεĳҲң
˼г˱ģһαӵĲ磬һԵף
Ϊóϰ壬һϰҲͿʲôϰ壿
ʮϵĳֵܣ
˼ǽͿ˵ôţģҳӣ
ҲôΪģЩһ˵ҳѲΪ⳵ҪǮզΣ
˵ҾңѲ˲Ҫ⣿
һǧĳһҪ˵ĻɾкϷˣ
ڵϣ֪ߵغ˾ܹѳˣҪ˵Ļ˿һҲܲˣ
˼ó˵绰֪˭˸绰Ȼˣ
һԵĻޱֱӴԼĺóһ֣ҲŵЩ
ղ˵Ǹһ㶼£
ΪǲռҪİ˼ҵĳ˵Ļǿ³Բ˶˰
һǧĳޱԼ㣬ԼнʮҲòԲʮܹǿһ
ֲ֣
Ϊһ߳ǵСһ뵽һǧ֣˶
ϽȰȰɣǸǼֵһǧ򰡣
ޱˣԭǸм׵ĳ
ôҲû뵽׺羹Ȼ˻𱬵Ƣ
һԲϾҳ
ûޱоԼҪ̯ˣ̯ϴˡ
׿ŻޱʼںѾǵìˣûйϵ㿴žˣ
ܹǰҵģҡôҲܰưޱ̵
ŻޱӣҲǰһ۵ղŲͦţ֪ˣߣҰ
ƣȵƣ
ޱҲҧгݵĿ𣬿֪ʱܹ嶯
ŭ˹ޱһѽסˣԲܹܵĴ̼
Ҫǰѳˣǿľ͵ˡ




1658ʷţ˾
 

ֵȻ´
һŭ˹һЩҲ
ŭҺνĺ
֮ЩһνĺǼֵǧְ
ţ˾
Ҫ˵Ļ»Ҫ䷢һţ˾Ľˡ
ҲҴģҲһ϶ң
˭˭ɵӰôĳҲ²ѣ
ǰ㻹ΪĸҰ˵ȫˣһ鲣¶ܵˡ
ǰǿһǧĶֳȫҲûж
Χ˿ĿȻһ־ͳŷ˼ĳ˹۷׷ף
˶ŭҺ
Ͼ⳵ʵ̫ˣֻΪ׸ͷ²̨ˡ
ŻˣͷȻǺܶģ
Ҫֵˣ²ж١
˵ıԣҲ˺ӵһѣ
ޱ磬嶯ȻӣϽס磡
Ůûйϵһȥ
ʮ㣬һǧ򼶱ĳѣҸʮģ˵СCASE
ɻޱֻ֪ۣǵİ統һ˾ˣ
һ˾нʮһǧĳҲԲһٶˡ
ȻҲ˼Ǯѹˣ֪嶯ħĵ
λˣǧҪ嶯ô˰ɣ
ޱҲǳ׵ˣҪǸղŵĻԲưոݡ
˼ҰһĸоڻϽˡ
ֻҪ粻ҳӣоʵǻġ
֪Ǹ˼ļһںĳ˵Ļʱµùľˣ
ɾҵҲⲻĳ
ЦһС㣬ղѾ˵ˣûκεĹϵ˵ˣСôţүҲý̽ôˣ𿪡
һǴ³ˣƿ˻ޱ
ޱϾǸŮӣﾭܵһƣֱӱƺԶ
׿΢΢ҡͷԴŮôô³أ
һ죬׵鲻ˣСӲ֪ߵغҡ
ȥɣ
׵ȻһЦҪҸǻɵ飿
˼׺Ǳװ棬ҲǇNɪ˵ӿ㣬ҵĳ
˼Ѿȫ׼ں޲ÿһһ٣
ûǸʵ۴϶ǲеģ
ղѾǰѵ绰Լĸף֪Լĸ׽ڸڵĳƵμӸ顣
ȻֳѾۼôˣ˼ȻҪ⼸֪֪ԼھǸʲôĵλ
뵽һԼ׹ӣ˶
˼һϲװˣӣȻŹĳ档
ղǸԼϵ˵ˣƵҪԼĳ
ĸ״СԷ˼ǳĺܣһԼĶӵĳȻҪڱ˸ˣȻסˣ
СǷҵǿǴ°
ۿŷ˼һһʰ˵ӽĳôΣ
˵ֻ꣬صһѾ˴ֶոµķŭȥ

˶ǵһ
ΪľٶѾǵ߸ǵۣһﻹǸҺ
飡
ҵĵǷǳĹ񫣬һԵķ˼ɫѾѿ˼㣡
ȻǶҪͷԼĳȵҵʱ򣬷˼ŭɶ
ÿһȥͷֳϺһ㣡
ôܹܵأ
ӵʱ䣬һѾĿȫǣκκӰӣ
ǷҲѾǱ˺üӣ
Ҫ۵Ļܱҳˣ
ʹѾǲܿˣ
ŴſôƬһȻ׹һЦ̹˰
˸ۣĸҰ
˼֮󣬾Ȼôĵһ˿΢Цŭˣ
翴ŷ˼үһȥԼ̲˰ŲһѾġ
˼磬һҶִԼ
ɾڷ˼ôΪʱеİѾ˷˼Ȳ
ԣ
ֻһͷѵ˼ѾǱԼĴȲϵİ
ȫһƬž˶Щ񿴹һĿ磡
ʷţ˾ľǼʷţ˾˰




1659Ȧķ˼
 


һֵһǧĺڸոձ˸ˣ
ҵֻǸ˾һȫڣ
˾ţ˳㣬˼ҵȸˡ
ҪһﾹȻһĻⶼûУ˳ӵ˻Ҫţ
Ȼܶһʼʱ÷˼Լ˼ͷ󰡣
Ƽŵٶʲôݣ
Ƿ˼ǿǵļ˶ָҪԲ˶ˣ
ŷ˼ȱˣһӶ±ˣ
Щпܻ嶯û뵽˾Ȼôĳ嶯ڿ˱ˣһЩ֪ˡ
Ұִ绰
˼Լȣ˶ͷ亹ֱðΪʵ̫ʹ˵оһĳ
ҵ˷˼ֻɸõֻʱͱһŸ߷ˣ
㡭ʲô
ŵһƨ˵ϣϵİԼ
ھǸӣһ۲۵ķӣ
ʲôҪںһ£ӰһҲˣ
ݺݵĿŷ˼һҲ̫ˣ
ûе˼ȻˣҪã
뷨ʲôƼŵķүһëǮĹϵҲûУ
ҪǷҹĻǰȴˣ
˼ɴ۾磬ʿˮԭҪ˵Щʲôģջû˵óڣ
Ѿǰѵ绰ϵˣڲ绰һԼϵ϶Ҳˣ
֮бһŻϣԼϵ̸ܹϹ
һ˵ĻԺҪҵĻͿɾˣ
˼ûдҪ˼֪һҲûжİ취
Լļ˴飬ֻһԼĸˣһ첲ȫϣ
һţǸӰɣ
ϰ忪ˣôҲǸ񾭲ɣҲǿˣ
ǷƼŵٶƼһ֪ģǿǡ
ɲզΣִ˰ղһǸٴ绰ţһкϷˣ
û뵽쾹ȻŭҺǹ񫰡
һ˾ϣִһЩźãǿֲҪǮ
ϣƼŵܸϽǲžкϷԿ
׿ˣһѵҲˣ߰ɣ
õģ
Ȼ׵Ļ˿̵׾ôҲûж˼ԻȥȺţ
ʱߵأ
ƵİԱ˿ѾǸеߣǿڵϵķ˼һͷİӳѾվ˳

һסԼȥ·ȻǰڳһŴеӣ
˭ܹ֪λ˾ȻǺŵĴУزŵĶ³أ
˼ֻһ˾ѣ
ţʲô˼ҵĳ˼ҵ㻹ߣ
ǸӳҲŭһţƵģûмôţƵģ
һ˼һǧĺھȻ˵ҪˣֱǶӳһĪ谡
ѲԼǲڵĲɣ
ʵϣ绹ǵ˲ڵģϾݣЩССϺ
ڱ˿Ǿ֮ţ
ѾͦϽү
翴ǸӳסԼȥ·ֱӻԼеİ֣׼ҹȥ
ˣ˶оˣ
֪ĻΪһʲôͷأ˶֪һֻǸ˾
׿ǸӳǸ飬ûйϵ
ӴǣͲ󣬿СƵˣ͸йϵӳŭһ
ǻǰɣĻղ˼һС㱻ɵײ˵ʱʲôطǸʱǾͲǰˣڸװβǰɣ
Щһ˵ղôΧţҲǿﰲԱſڵġ
ӲľǲڹˣϧѾŭˣ
ǵ»ֵܣСϽƼŵķ붭³绰Ƿ߱˸ˣϽģ
ǸӳһԵһСආ̺ǳ
ۿǸӳСӣǷˣȣ
ӴӴӴ͵ģΪ˭ӳ¶һ˿Ц
һԵĻޱѾŵݲҰף֪Ϊʲôᷢչһزģ
˺䣡
һϵĴ˵ĶУԶһ˹˹߰ѾƵߡ




1660ϵ
 

뺣
ƼŶ³ŷү
ھǵһЩ֮У뺣Ҳйŵ֣
ȻѾϴˣⲢ뺣ڽĵλ
˵ʵ뺣ھҲ죬˼Щ֮⣬һĲ
ڽ죬ȫھٿΪ̳֮һ
뺣ȻӦϯ⳵տ·ϣ뺣ԼĶӱ˸۸ˡ
ھǣһľǸӣ
ھȻ˸ԼӵĳǲԼĲʺ
ҪǴȥĻԺ뺣ô죿
ԣ뺣һϢȻĻ鶼ٵҲðԼĶӳ
Ҫ֪뺣һŮôһӣ
ǱĲܹڱˣǺ»ˣˤˡ
˼ڷǼ˵˵һҪȻ뺣ҲܷôҪĻ鲻μӣԼĶӳųˡ
Ȼ˵浽ֻҪԼĶӱ۸ˣ϶ǵһֳˡ
ȻҲ⣡
뺣һԼĶӳҪ˸ˣҾƵֱ꣬һ绰һƱ˾͹ˣ
һȺ˺ƺƵƵ꣬úܶ˲Ȼľÿһ
һԵĻޱһȺͻȻߣŵЩ֨ˣ
ΪҲ֪ѼҵӷǳʵҾ˵ǳ
һϴҴīӴӳѾûޱо˰أ
һ̾Ϣһ군ˣ
ղ׼׺ţǸϽ·ȻҲ֪ܿ϶ܲġ
Ͼ˼һǧĳҪǷϣȻ޴ĺ䶯ģ
Ⱥϵӿס׵ˣ
˵Ľ㶼ڷ뺣ϣЩʼٸƺһ㣡
˼զ
뺣һԼĶʹڵϣһԵǱ߱ŷ˼ϵĿţҲǳ׵Ȧˡ
ԼĶӱ˸ˣľжϣһȱ˸ˣ
ŭգ
뺣оԼһŭľʹ
壬˼ȱ˴ˣҲ˸ˣء
ʵҾһ㣬ĹǳĲҳΪĲ󷽣
뺣ԼĶϱҪѧߡáã
ǮǮģںνŵǳ
Է˼̸ʱûзԣ
ֻЩŭˣ
뺣ô°˭ĸҴҵĶӣıӵˣأ
壬͡һ˾ˣҸ˼˵䣬ֱӾͰѳӸˣһ˼ҡûס
ⲻȥѧݻЩϧˣǽ̬˿ŶΪ棡
ܶ˶ǿղĸϻһ㣬ڿĿҲһĳ
ô࣬оԼ̫ˣ
ǻޱȻһҪûޱǸ˶ˣ׵Ķˣ
Ҳ֪ǸŰǷһȥǣ
ڿ뺣ˣ˵Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
˵أأ
뺣˶ˣתȺп˹ȥ
ŷ뺣εε˵壬Ǽ
ֱӽָ˷뺣뺣˳Ŀ⳯׵Ǳ߿˹ȥ
Ҫŭʱȴһ˵Ӱ
磡
û磡
뺣һǱߣүô⣿
ԭ׼ɱķķ뺣˸оһĺ󱳷ԼĶǵ˰ɣ
˾ԼӵķĻҲ˵ʲôˡ
ʲôˣ뺣̫֪ˣ
ŵǷǳĴ֣뺣ѾǻģĸǰҲֻܹӱ֣
Ӽүү뺣ҪɵʲôҲҸ˰
һʱ䣬Щž
ܶ˶ڵȴŷ뺣һ£ȻһĻء
ɵ˴żʮʱ䣬ȴַ뺣ǸһվǱߣһ
壬ɵø
ŷ뺣ȻǱ߷Ҳ֪ʲô飡
оԼбҪһ·뺣ʱɲǷʱ
˵Ǹ˴˼뺣ĭʵ
ûз˿̵ķ뺣ƺЩɫԾָѾǱȺɢ֮͹ֳﻹŰأ
ž
һȺ𣬷뺣һѾǳ˹ȥ
һӳֳ˶оһ±ƣ




1661´۾
 

һİ쳹Ƶſڡ
ԭΪֵˣǽһʡ
ǻûи⵽ô£Ϳ뺣һѾ˦һϣ
ǽһɴ࣡
ˣ
һ̳׵ˣʵ벻ͨΪʲôͻȻӵģ
һԵķ˼ʵԼʱѾ۵Щܲˡ
ҪֿǼ˵ôùģ
ֻǵ۾׼ԼϵŪ⼸һʱȴԼϵȻһƲһ㽫ԼŮ˸ڵأ
ԼͣίĿŷ뺣Ϊʵǲ֪Ϊʲôӵģ
˼˺˼£þȫĶԼϵŭ֣ʲô
뺣ʲô˵֪ǣΪŮ˵˶ˣ
֣˰ɣȶ˴ˣھȻ˵
˼׵±ˣϵȻʱ˵Լǣ
Ҳ̫һɣ
ղһĵ˵ҪԼɶģ⾿ôһ£
̸ӣ㻹죿
뺣ȥԼĶӾһţһŵġ
Ϊ˼һѾǶˣܵһεʹ
˼ˣ
ԭΪԼԼϵ϶ǴɱķȻԼѵﲻ֪ߵغļһġ
أԼϵǳһ㣬ȻԼԼŮˣ
˼еı֪ˣ
ûи״Ҫ֪Ϊʲôӵģ
Ӱޣӹ£
뺣ʵҲǷǳΣΪǶ˸ܹǵĴڰ
ŴУ
ʲôʮƼżһ¶ģ
ǰһУ˿Ŷоһۻң
ޱΪҵһˣղһΪԼԼ˿϶Ҫùˣ
ѾˣʱԼԼߵݳǣ
Щ˿Լ׻ʱļߵķϣӦûԼɵġ
׼ˣǱȴ˵״
ǷƼŵķ뺣ѾûޱоЩˡ
⻹ûй೤ʱ䣬Ǹ˼ȻҲԼϵˡ
ⲻѧ
ޱΪ뺣ʲôаأɿȥ񰡣
˿̣ҲҪ֪Ϊʲôһлӵģ
Ѳ黹ᳯһȥչޱЩ˼ˡ
һı˵ʵ붼û
Ϊ뺣İݼڣԼһǷǳĲ
͸Լһ׷ӺһܳƽʱǮʮʮģֱ͸Ҽһ㣡
ľԼǳˣڸоԼѾޱǸεˡ
һοޱǴҪúõһŮˣ
ֻû뵽֪ðļһƻˡ
ԼҵĺԼҵˣ
ΪԼδĹҪͦʱȴķչѾˡ
أ
뺣ܾǿվһԣɫ粻ֱһžкȥ
޴ĳһӹ˵ϣ৵һ¾
ʵϣʹ۲Ҫԭ
ԭΪ̫̫ܵ裬ҳȻԼ˱ԼΨһ̵ĹҲԼ

˿̵ᵽһ־ĸо
ʼղ֪Լ״ʲôط
ûУ
뺣һŭ˼һʵ϶Ϊֺһ磡
̫ĵùˣԼĶӺδϱȻү
ҪǣүڻͷϣһЩ̬ĻԺƼſ¶Ǵ粽ˣ
²òͷ
뺣ھΪһԭ£˶ѣ
ģʱҲ벻ҲҪȥ룡
ôǰ棬ĺ쳣ļ٣һɱƵĸоƺˡ
Ҫ֪ΪʲôᷢʱȴԼδĹѾǿ첽Ŷķ˹ȥ
ЦĳŸղǸߵķ߹ȥʱ򣬲Ƿ˼𣬼˶סˣ
Ҫ֪뺣ǴķƼŵĶ³ھ쵱Ĵڣ
粻һ˾ѣѲɷ뺣һ˾
ֱЦ
Щô벻˿̵ķ뺣Ҳˣֱֳķ˹ȥ
򡭡үô⡭
뺣̬ȣЩ֪ݵ˶Ǿ°Ͷˡ




1662˭
 

뺣ȻŸղŴԼȵǸЦˣ
˶סˣҲ̫Ĳѧ˰ɣ
뺣Ȼȥһ˾֣Ҫ֪һǼһǧĺǴӵȰ
һﵽǲǷƼŵķү⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣ
϶ǷүҪȻ㿪˹˹
ǰүǷ˰ɣȻһ֣
ҿ鲻򵥣Ѳ˾ͷүƺ˵
ҿҲǣҪȻôĳҪĻкϷˣ
һһ۷׷ףʵ벻ͨΪʲôᷢչΪӣ
ΨһĽͣǾҷţ˾Ӧͷġ
ү
ƺЩϤܶ˸оƺЩ˵
ʵڳ˻һЩͷģֻ˭ܹһ˾ŵĴϵһأ
ӵԼϵİ֣˿뺣һ˵죬ǲΪǾҵˣ
үҴˣҹܽ޷ҹܽ޷
뺣ʿˮʼնЦݡ
Ҹ㣬첻ǸһССĽѵС˵ҪԺڱĻӷǵøƲɣ
ë
뺣һķо˿˿ð
˵ǿɲ˵ģһˣ뺣Ȼ֪ġ
뺣ҹ
塭
˿ƺҲһЩʲôˣ˼˾ɵ˼ұǸţˣ
˭壿ǸɨǣϽүͷǸ
뺣˿ԽǿԽǲ˳ۣȻԼϲŮˣŮ̫ã
ҪȻԼĶôô㱳أ
뺣ȻܰĴӵϣôʣµȻҲֻŮˣ
ЦһΪҹţˣû뵽һţġţĻ⣬Ůˡ
ҹԶԶأԺҪҿĻӴĹȣ
뺣һţһŮǴˣ
ǿĿŷ뺣ƾƾʲôҰ
Աߣ˼ҲĿŷ뺣֣㡭̫ʧˡ
ʧӣѾ֪ү˭𣿡
뺣ֱӶԼĶһţͷϡ
֪ڱҪһúŴУԼĶӸˣ˼ܲû
Լ֣Ҫùŵ˳ְɣǷ뺣ڵ뷨
˭֣ھǡ
˼úܣһֱԼϵھʲô鶼ܹ㶨
һСС˾ϵ͸㲻ˣ
˼оԼܵĵ߸һоһ㣡
ټϷ˼ȣǴһȫʧȥôһ״̬
ԣҲǿģ
뺣ŭһŵүĶʶ˵ӽ쿪ʼҴڼʲôʱˣʲôʱڸҳ̧ߣ
ǣϰ壡
뺣󣬼̧ŷ˼׼뿪
˼ƺһӱˣЩȻǺү⡭ôأүô˿أǡǸʲôͷ
֮ʣ
˼ЩΡΡĳ׵ķһۣ֪ԺЩһҪˡ
׿Żҵĳ棬ˣһǻҪ죬ôߺ𣿡
˵ǣ
ĵһ£Ȼŷ뺣ŭһ
뺣סˣһʼΪ˾ڿƺڸ˼ҵ˾
統˾ʲô˰
뺣Դ죬֪Լ綼ǲôǰ˵ͷ¸Ǻˣ
Ƿ֮ز
뺣ԭˣԼǺһ¾͹ˣ
ҲҴȥҲҴң
һԿֵ˴˿̿׵񶼱ˣǸӳͨһ¾͹˵ϣ
ֻ׺粢δһ￴СආǷ۵ʸûˣ
ޱ֪׷ʲô飬ʵ֪Ǹɶģ
ȥƺͦţĸоƼŵϰ嶼أ
ޱΪһߣְҵƺһӾͷˣ
գǿסԼ֮еûʣ
ޱóԼֻ˿ЩǸȻĶ׵ĶлˣһλԷô
ӴǣԷ⵹ǸĽ鰡Цŵ
ǿҪ΢һᣬΪһҪиɷãǱ罻ûа취ȥ
ޱЩǸȻ˵
ЦŵˣһҲе飬Ӧúܿģʱ򿴰ɡ
˭Ƚ˭ڴſڵ£
ޱ¶һ˿ЦݵȻ֪ǰͷ򵥣һŮҼҵļԷҲƵĵطġ
˵֮󣬻ޱ¥վڴߵȴźϣ
㻹һӵʱ䣬Ӧÿ쵽ˡ




1663¸ߵ
 

Ƶ꣬
ǳĴαλøԵ÷ǳĸ߶˴
αλһɽ׳ͼֱλ
˿̣Ѿý壬ǹý壡
ڵýһһңһʱһ׻ʱ
ʱļȻղܵĪ裬֪ܹʧȥһݹ
Ϊ֪Լ˼Ѿǲˣ
ֻ˶ⲻ֪Ϊʲô飿
ÿѶ
ΪӢý壬һιɷõˣǵƼ˹ŵ
˹ŵһƽʱΪ쳣ĸߵһЩⶼǷǳļЩʱ²̨
һ˹ŵ߱ҲΪӵ׻ߵ֪ͨ
ѯ˹ԱҪʵʲô飿
˰춼ûʳ˿˹ŵбһӵĻҪй
һļĳϣС֣
˹ŵһŷΪļߣһ׻ҲΪóߣ
ԭ첻˹ŵģмŻӢף¾͹ˣ
û뵽֮󣬼ûλƴ߸о޹⡣
Բ߲лл
˿̣һŹƵŮ˹ŵ˵Ա˹
˵ʵ˺Ϻ֮⣬û֪쵽Ҫʲô飿
ҺѾʽеУǷǹٷһβɷá
ЩԱɶǹҵĹԱȻҪˡ
ǽӵǳű֮⣬գ
˵ʲô񣿡
˹ŵԭǻʮ㣬ǸԱ˵Ȼ񶼲
Ȼѣ
ǸԱͷһӢļǲҲգֱֻлл
ߣֱģҪģ
˹ŵһƢ
һ·ļ߿λԱҲǵã·ļķ֪֪ͨһαҲˣգǵıô˵أ
˼Ĺ涨ҲΪǸԱʼ
ޱ˽ɵʱȴЩţ
ˣǲˣ
˹ŵŭһʵһα˵ν飡
Ҫһ̬ȣһȱĴ
˹ŵ֪ļߣһǺǵĹ涨ϣԿһ
λԱĿ˹ŵֻԼְѣ
˹ŵҪʲô飬ĿƷΧ֮ڣ
shitȻûгǰǾûа취ˣ
˹ŵһȻɳվ
˹ŵš
ǸԱҪ˵һ߽һˣȥӦһ쵼
ΣǲǵҪǸŮεҲεʼ
Ǹˣ˹ŵ˿Ǹγ
˹ŵĹ涨Ҳûκεİ취ʱҿ԰ʼ⡭
Ҳûа취Ͼʱûм߲Ļǳˣ
УұҪһƬҵƬһҵͬ뿪
˹ŵһ˷ˣȻ˳Ÿˣ
⡭˹ŵЩΪˡ
ο˹ŵȻűҲ߲ѣ֪ʱҪƣ
ȻҲ֪쵽ʲôĻ飬ɼȻ潻ˣǿ϶ǱȽҪĻ飡
һý壬ɶ֪Ĺʹڵý壡
ȻƵ͵ʵ֪϶͵ȥ
֮û̸ˣ˸ߣ
˹ŵҵǴм֮һˣʵϾЩ˲ߣҲҲ˹ŵߣ
Ҫ֪˹ŵÿѶĵһƼߣҲǹʼЭ¡
ʼЭûʲôȨһȨȴǷǳĴġ
ǾҪɷõĻǱɹʼЭᷢһ֤ûʲɷ֤ĻԺЩʼֻܹڹڲɷˡ
һ£
˻ޱ֮⣬˶վ׼˹ȥ
˹ŵ˿ޱһĸļߣ
˹ŵҡ׻ʱļ߻ޱ
ޱһ˹ŵҲһݵż񰡣
С㣬ȷ㲻ߣĻԺҵǲܻȥģ˹ŵЦһ
ޱһסˣⶼʲô°
ԼҲйϵ
ο˹ŵȻҪȫļ߶ߣˣ
ҪĻǳԲ˶ˡ
˹ŵвһƺסˡ
ʱƿˣ׸˽




1664²ɷãԹ
 

Ϊ³Ը״˵绰
ȻˣԭӦõˣΪһЩˡ
ںȻˣɸ黹ǺܶģȽϵæµ
׵Ҳ⣬ǵһҲν飡
ԣ˾¥ˣҲǺϵ˼
ԼҲЩ˼׼ĵȴԼȥȵġ
ֻ׸սͿЩʰʰ׼뿪ˣ
ҲüͷǰһУ
ףôˣ
ޱ׸ߣҲЩʵ
׿Żޱеģô°
ԲһҪл飬ǡ
߲ѣ׸ʱ򣬻סʮֵڸ˵
Ͼ˼ûжĹϵ
׿εãҲμӻġ
ŶǡһҲǿ
׸Ҫ˵˹ŵѾǰͲסԼС㣬㵽߻ǲߣ
Բ˹ŵҵ񣡡
ޱ׵ʱȻᶨģȻԼҲû뵽һεıȻйأ
Ǹղ˼ôһæȻҪͶ֮ұ֮ˣ
ԣ˿ޱȵļᶨ
úúãޱ׻ʱǰɣҼסˣ
˹ŵ˿ޱһû뵽һСС׻ʱļߣȻԼӣ
ʵϣľҪߣϣͨԼʵˣҪĶûеòġ
ҪϽģʲô˶õʲô⡭
ҲǸƢ𷢱۵ĹӾȻв˻ޱ׻̬ȣȻˡ
ο˹ŵ˹ŵһᾡЭģ鷳ڿһ¡
Эҵ̬ȺȷҪǵ飬Ǳգ򡭡
˹ŵԥԥӣҲǳ
ɣ˹ŵǹ֪Ĵߣǿ淴Ӧܵĸʱɣ
ҲЩˣϾǣЩ㣡
Ȼ֪Ҫʲôˣ氲ûдİɣ
ĵʱ򽻰ɲ˵Ļôһ˿ɾԼˡ
ҪȥЭͨĽͲܹ֤ˡ
Σ֮ǰѾѯʹˣ̬ȺܼյġԱߵǸŮ
οǸŮ责ȷҪȻҴ绰ʾһ£
ֻӵʱ䣬֮ûҪĴ𰸣Ǿˣ
˹ŵѾЩҲǵű˵
ӣ˹ŵ̴绰԰ꡭ
ο˿Լֱ鿪ʼʮӵʱ䣬Ҳ֪ʱȣ
תͷ˿ʵΣô£
˹ŵҪգǡ
Ҳʼ磬ϵĵ绰ҲһҲûͣЪ
׿εȻҪǾǹˣ˺αҪأ
ɡһεĻӣûвɷúͱԱĻǵʱ򡭡
οɵһ𰡣ҲεĿ׵
˹ŵ˿ȵ˭
ҾǲμһλˣǸŵģȻǲҪţǿԹˣ
׿˿˹ŵˣѾļ߻ôţˣ
߲ΪʲôԲܲ˵Щļ߻ΪԼ׻ƾͿΪΪˣ
ȻպȻǲ
ʵ׸ģΪֻҪ鹫֮ھͿˡ
ԼҪôعʣ

ξˣеĵ绰ûаȥѾǷѾǲɵˣ
úúãߣ
˹ŵˣҲŭһ
׿˿εҲãʡ룬һǹϼŵҪҲûǾͲеģСƲ
˹ŵ˷Ȼ׼ɵ˵ϼŵҪ⼸ֵʱ
Щ˱ܵĶͣ
ķ׼ʵϼŵ𣿶һϼŵҪ
йϵЦһ
ǡǸղŶᣬҡҲˣ
ķһﻹǷǳʵģϼ죬ϼŵҪĻôҲ
Ǻǣ㻹浱ǲг߾ߣȥ
һ̬ȷǳļ
˹ŵɴ۾ףЦһҲҪһﴵţ֪ʲôĻҿǸƭӣ
ֻ˹ŵô˵˾װһĸȥ
ŵľ׸ղŵǾ仰Ҫ֪쵽ʲôϼŵҪ
׿γ˻Ƽ֮⣬˶ȥҸ𣡡




1665ɵ
 

˹ŵ˱׸˳ȥ
ҲһΣϾû뵽˾Ȼôǿƣ
Ǹո߳ʱ򣬾Ϳ˺ϴһ˵Ѿߣ
׿źˣҲӭȥ
ֶ³ǲ˼·϶³ٵ˰
ʵûгٵھӵʱ䣬Ǽʱϵˡ
ֶ³
οźЩ㵣ʵϵʱѾ𾪲ѣֶ³⼸֣ټ׸ղ˵ϼŵҪһ뵽ʲô
Ͽôļߣ֪׷ʲô顣
ǺЦŸ˽ܵǺܶͬ־ǻͬ־Ƕ֪С˭ȻĻҸλһ£λ׻еϼŵĶ³

˹ŵɵˣ
ķɵˣ
һȺոձ˶ɵˣ˾ȻϼŵĶ³ףǴ˿̶޳ˣ
ԭǲ֪׵Ǹʲôģ
ڸղ˵ǹʱΪµ˹ŵľ׼˹ŵһ뿪ˣ
˭Ը뿪
ϼŵش⵽ʲôºܶ˶Ҫ֪ģ
һ˼ǹȴΪԼţ棬Ȼв
˼ҺˣҪ鱻Լҵı֪Ļľˣ
˹ŵһ㣬Ͼߣأ
ǿû˹ŵôţڵ˹ŵˮˣЩ˻ΪҪʧȥ˹
һ뵽ߣķ˶ó޵Ŀ⿴˹ŵ
˿̵˹ŵܺõȥôҲû뵽Ȼϼйϵ
غϼŵĻϢҪ֪ϼӰ൱ľ˰
ҪϼйϵĻôһҪ뿪ÿѶʧҲ޷ġ
ҪĻڴˣ˹ŵҵλҲܵӰ죡
ϵĻԲƭ˵ģ
ϼŵλض³һֱǺܶ˽ֵĻ⣡
ɻϳ˼˵ģһ㻹ûĵ׵գԹ׵Ҳһ˷Ļˡ
ϼŵĶ³
ޱ׵֮˶ɵˣ
ϼŵĶ³Ǻεȵݣ
ޱû뵽ƵſڰԼˣȻ׸
˿쳣ļֲ֮ǰôĵʹݣһһǧķ͸һŴײһ
׳ŻޱЦŵƼߣǵԵֿҪҵҲû뵽ǲɷҵģ
ޱǽһ׵ֶϼŵĶ³û뵽ôᣡ
΢΢һЦǺǣ˭ɲҪҪ㻹Ƿһٷء
һ룬һ룡
ޱҲЩΣϾ֪׵ݵȷЩ֪˵ʲôˡ
Ӧ׸ԼЦģ˼ôǮںԼһٷ
ֶǴˣĴˣڸһλɣ
һԵķ˴˿Ѿǹ˲ˣֻܹٸһλᣡ
˵ֻһСķ˵лء
˼ϼŵĶ³˵Ȼ˵һˣ
˼ǹҪ˼ջسֱȵ컹ѣ
ϿЩƵʵЩôˣ
һԵε˴˿׵ݣҲǸоֱͦ
źϳϣġ
˵꣬ͽղ˹ŵͷµ˵һ飬ȻղҲǱòᡣ
֮ɫ쳣ѿ
׼Զģû뵽ļΪǣȻԴҪЮԼߵˣ
Ҳ͸һӵâȻǲҪǾͲҪǱˣ
ķһҲǵ϶¶һ˿Ȼӣ
˹ŵΪ㣬쵰
ķ׺ͺϣϾ˵ҲԼģ
ʣµǰѾǰŭ𷢵˹ŵͷϣղŻŲһ˹ŵֻܹŸԴһȦ
Щļߣһĸȹϵһ㣡
ֳЩȴ÷ǳĹ񫣬κһԵǸŮмֱֿ˻
ԺҲȻ
ϿһԵεС찡Ŀǰмý尡
ϣĿǰһý壬һʱļһԱߵλ׻ʱļ߻ޱС㣡
οźϳ
ǻһأϳܿ˿Ҳѯʵ
̹ϣղϵС㣬˵Ͼ͵أ
Ǿͽȥ׼ʼɣС֣Ͽѯʵ
΢΢ͷҲ¶һ˿Ц⣬ǸһῴҲ˰ɣ




1666
 

˿²ױ֮Ѿſڣ
֮ǰ֣˿̻£ò״̬ӭԼĲɷ
˵֮ǰɷ񵱳ϷĻôɷԼķˡ
ԭ߸˵ĳţȴ³ҲƵĺܣ
ֻѾûʱôˣղźü绰Ѿ
Ȼʹˣ֪˵˭
ǧε˲ɷõص㣬ſһڼǱߵţҲЩɻ
˹ŵ
Ҳһҵ̳û뵽쾹ȻҲˣ
Ϊʲôվأ
˽ȥӣ˹ŵķһĺڲ
ҪǴŵĻǳӶܹˣ
żߣҪľشţԽԽܹҵڵӰ
ڣ
˽οС㣬͵ˣ
ԲΣҸղšղе顭
һרſڴԼҲЩ
ȵ̧ͷѾǰĺϺ׵ʱסˡ
ô
ȻʶϵģһԵǸһﾹȻƽƽαλϣ
һЩˣһԵĻޱδ˵
飬Ҫ˼ֶ³ĻᱻǸ˼
˻ˡ
ױĿһŮȷͦģҲְˡ
˼ѾǵõӦеĳͷŮҲõӦеıӦ
ҪڸϾɱĻԵػˡ
Һµµı飬֪Ů˻Ժܶɣ
ϲ֪֮ǰ飬Цŵļͬ־ˣڿʼɣ
û⣡Цŵ
СְĺͬҪȻ㿴һ£óݺͬݸף
ʵҲһʽѣΪ˺ܶĺ·
ǵһҪջعȨĻʱʱԣ
ײδͬźЦŵͬͲÿˣϼһаٷ֮ʮĹɷݣԸ˵ȫң
ʲôȫ
ûɣֶ³Ƿ𣿡
Ϣʵ̫˰ҵ찡ϼŰٷ֮ʮĹɷǵǶǮ
ҵθѽֶ³Ҳ̫һɣһʾ˰ɣ
ΧȻ࣬ɴҶ˵ϼŵģ
ȻϼŵĶ³׾ȻҪԼеĲƲңһʱ˶ǳ׵ˣ
ˢˢˢ
ϻûпʼ˵ѾݺͬǩԼ֣
ݺͬһεĵݸ˺ϵϣߡ
ֱӸ¾ͿˣСְлл㰡ԭ켸λ϶ҪģΪ·أԻҴ桭
ЩǸȻĿ׵Ҳ֪ԼҪ͵еģ
˵Ⱥ䶯Ĵ£ǸʢֱΪġ
׵˼ܼ򵥣ֱӼ򵥵ľһǩԼʽˣ
ЦŵϣһɶֻһЩܼѣҵϣҵľ԰Ҫˣ
С㾡ܷģÿһʽ𶼻ר˹û˭ڷ֮ϵģҲǴһ˿ɱϵϢ
΢΢ͷˣȻ˵ĻҲͷˣϣԽ˰ɣ
ⶼˣ
ҲһƣСֵİЧҲ̫һɣ
ӵʱͽˣ
ЦŵҵԸϣĪϻҪҳԷɣŮҪҳԷİ
ϹһЦշһȥ㱨顣ȻСûʲôҪ˵Ļҿɾͻȥ㱨˰
ϵҲǺصģ϶ûʱˣ
ԭΪҪһСʱǩԼʽû뵽Ӿ͸㶨ˣ
ͻޱǱߣ
ž缶ţ˵ʵΪߣһԻеġ
˿׼ֱǵ͵˷ָĵزˣ
ӣ
شľǩԼʽˣֱǸϷ
ڿףѾǵսľˣôҲû뵽Լָ˼ˣȻϼŵĶ³
ʱ׳Żޱķ˹ŻޱЦŵС㣬Ƿһٷ߰ɣ
ֶ³ҡҡûرȥһˣǸǱиСݻͦģҪȻ
ޱҧҧףڵĵһҪǻر㱨£
ҲôһǮ߼Ϳ϶벻ˣ
ǵɫģǱ浹һҲСݡ
׿ŻޱЦŵû
˿̣棡
˹ŵ˿׵˳֮ѾǽĿ궢ں滺ǰеˡ




1667µ̳˹ŵ
 

׸ޱ뿪еڻϰµġ
ƺоԼôĵùôһǴˡ
ҪǸղ˴֮˵ĻԼ¸ҲԶˡ
ϾΪ˲ɷŵģڿҲǺȥһ
һ뵽֮ǰ˼ֶ³ǱţϾһûţ
ϼʲôҵ
ѾҪڹ˵ˣھżҲõ׵ٻԼıˡ
ãÿѶ˹ŵ
˹ŵվǱ߲ûȥļѾΧ
ҲϰµģҪϿܹܲõʲôϢ
˹˹ŵá
Ȼ֪˹ŵģ˹ŵ˱֮⣬ҲЩƣ
˹ŵ¶һ˿ЦݵС㣬̸̸ܲ
̸̸̸ʲô
ܵЩΪ˹ŵĽƼôܸԼɫ˵أ
֮ǰ̫æ֪ߵ׷ʲô飡
֪Ϊʲô˹ŵվ⣬ȥɷñأ
Ҫ֪ܹ䶯˰
С㣬ģղΪǵһЩССĹʧȻֶ³ʧȥһαĲɷûᡣ뿴ܴܲ߷һһεأ
˹ŵ˵ļΪί񣬿ĿʵԶ׼
ʵϣ˹ŵҲﻢ£ղôţĴˣ˼һ޲ó
˵ذֵܾĻԺڼҵڣ¾ͷˣ
ҪǰµĻԺ¾ǳԶˣ
κһҵȦӣʵǷǳʵģνĽƼһǻӣ
ƼרŸû׵飬谭ߵķչ˼һ
˹ŵЩ䱸˵˹ŵҵĹ᲻֪ɣԼɷõģ˵ķʲô˼Ҳ
˹ŵԥһ£С㣬Ը⻨һΣ
һ𣿺Ǻǣ˹ŵҲ̫Сһŵļֵˣ˵ʵž㻨һҲģ
Ȼ˵أЩ裬ְҵʻеġ
ΪôһǮԼ˸²Ϊ
һ𣿣
˹ŵûһεļ۸񣬶иһƬİ֮
Ȼܹ˵һ֤һεŵļֵǶôľ޴ˡ
һԵķС㣬ҡҲʲôˣҡǾҪ֪֪š
֪Ҫ˵ʲôȻûвɷõҲֻ˵һźˡžǺ䶯ţٹһСʱңǾͿʱĹϿһˣлл
𲻱˵ʲôƼߣʲôÿѶ
ڻһĹԹԵԼ𣿣
żߣ˵׾˭д˭ţ
ǰ˹ŵ˻Щأɾ֮һص˼ûˡ
˹ŵǼͬе
ô˵ţҲֻܹóɣ
˹ŵ̵ʮô
˹ŵұһ˿غ𣿡
˵꣬ſҲ˹ȥҲǲסҡͷ
˹ŵ˿ȥӣһȻɳϡ
ʱһһţ
˹ŵ˲ͣˢԼֻҲҪŵʲô
ܿ죬˹ŵѾˢ˳
һű֮˹ŵ˶ɵˣ
ȥϼŶ³׾йɷݸˣ
ҵ찡ȻŰ
˹ŵ쵰Ϊ㣬Ǵôһţ
ҵϵۣѾҵϰҵ淢֪ͨˣ
˹ŵԱߣһƬҰ
ķ˵ɫѾѿ˼ޣ˹ŵ˿ҲǱͿһ㣡
ԭΪûʲô£ʵҲҪ뿪ֻҪʾһԼҵеĵλѣ
˹ŵ׻ƣ׻ϵۣ
ɽŷ֣˼׻ƲԼϵۣΪԼˣһδƣ˹ŵ׵Ĵ̳ϵȥ
˹ŵĺܣȦӿƺܴʵϲ
ò˶ãĳͽҪˣһ뵽ߣ˹ŵ˶ˡ
˶ʮཨû뵽һ˲侹Ȼ߽ˡ
ȡ裡
˹ŵһı뿪ˡ
뿪ʱ򲻴һ˿ɫʣ֪ԼһһͿˡ
ȵĻᶼûУ
ϼţĸֻΪԴļһԶʹ




1668ժ
 

׻ʱ칫¥
׻ʱΪ׻Ƶý֮һ׻ƵӰҲǷǳľ˵ġ
ޱʱ뿪ѧУ֮Ҳǽ׻ʱʵϰ
ΪʵϰڼɼͻټҲǿλ
һʼ׳־Ļޱ˺֪
ʱ䣬һЩɼ϶˸ˡ
Сƣżæŵĸʲôⶼ°ˡ
˵˽֣ǿǻޱĶͷ˾
ޱոսԼİ칫ң°໹вӵʱ䡣
֣ǿôææĻҲǱܵǰѯʵ
࣬ҸողǳȥɷиҪһ¡
ޱʵϲԼ࣬˵²òͷҲûκεİ취
˵֮ǰɣողɷһλ½ĵ̾ͷȡ˺ܳʱŲɷõġ
Ŀǰλ̾ͷ׻Ƶ֪ҲǷǳĸߡ
û뵽ԼȡĻᣬȴ֣ǿøԼͬԷ壡
Է壬׻ʱܱ༭ֶӣһϵʵ֪˺ܶࡣ
ޱʱҲһƣΪǵﲻ֣ǿԷ壬Ҳֻܹһֻ۱һֻˡ
ֻԼҲû뵽֣ǿԼһλᾹȻҪá
һܹӴԼһֱҪɷõϼŵĶ³ܹл˼ֶ³Է÷ǳ㡣
ֻû뵽һ֣ǿ
ƴŮôôͻ˰
֣ǿԱߣԷҲǳŻޱĸǰ˹
ԷһıƱҵҿȥݰûж
һȴ걻Ϊ׻ʱ༭Աùͻ׽ʲôġ
в֪ͬ¶ٵĺôɺܶҲǸŭԣ
ޱ˿Է壬˵ǳĶ̣Ӿ͸㶨ˡ
ƴŮִʲôŰ˵ȹƤһ°ҲǸոմZJʡŻɷõ̾ͷѹ󰡣
˱ԣ
ʵǳᣬɺܶʱȴûа취
֣ǿŻޱҲЦŵСưСոջһŸһ£
һ᣿˼࣬һỹأޱε˵
ûѣʲô鰡׻ʱȽҪһβɷð֣ǿһһ߶ȣ
ļͬŶҡҡͷȻѾ˾ռˣ
Ҳûô򷨵İɣ
˼ҵţҪ˼ҰдŸ壬µĺǶԷռˣ
Է忴ŻޱٺһЦǰллƴŮ˰һԷ
˼һҪ˳ԷֻܵˡڻҪһѶȥ˾վϣ
ޱø˷ϻˣʵ˽飬Ȼ䷢ԼЩʱǻף
ıʲô鰡֣ǿ˿ޱʵ
ȴó֣ǿıƺЩ̫ÿˣһܾζʵǲôã
ȻҲΪԷƨѣ
ϼžȨҵ顭ޱ
ʲôϼžȨң
һӶQԭΪһƽţû뵽ھȻ˾һţ
ǵģҪϽϸӣޱҲ¶һ˿Цݵ
žģ֣ǿţҲø·ɣ
֣ǿĻȴûޱһЩŭˣ
Сưزùҿ֣ǿŻޱЦŵ
࣬ʲô˼
ޱһҧʮ¾һҲΪ֣ǿԼɷõ̾ͷձԷժӣ
û뵽֣ǿƺҪʼʩޱȻСˡ
֣ǿԭǰСȥģֻСΪæûȥĳɣСˣȻҪСⷢ
޳ܵģûмô޳ܵģ
˼ҵĶȻܹ˵˵ĹûʣһҲǸ˲ˣ
һԵԷһ㶣漴ͷǰ֮ǰ˵ԭҪϹȥģƴŮûи˵𣿲ҲҪллæͷԷ
ޱһŭˣԷԷ壬㹻˰ɣ֮ǰǸѾøˣ㻹ô
ƴŮ˵ʲôʲôøҰⱾԼŬȡĻ𣿡
ԷѾǰʲô֪ﵽ˼ˣ
֣ǿҲǵͷСưʲô̬Ȱҿɸ㰡̬ڵλҪõİ
ҲģޱҲ˵ģΪǿ˵
ޱôô޳ܰҵıȻôдʣ
ԷҲŭһʵص䶯ţ
Ҫ֪ƾţǷյһ֮꣬ǰɷõĵ̾ͷƺϼŲעĽ㣡
ϼҪȨңǾǺ䶯Ű
һս
ԷѾ뵽ԼƾڼȦһսˡ




1669º޳
 

ޱЩˣղӦ˵һţ
û뵽˳˫ɣѾ޳ܵһز
һԵЩͬȻţɿǵıҲ֪ƺЩֲˡ
ϾЩ˶Ҫ֣ǿأ˭Ը֣ǿأ
²ѣǿԸ߸߹
ǻޱȴܣһ١ٶı˸ţеŭͷǳĸߡ
ֳô飬ƺҲǸһЩĺ
ޱ˿ҲЩС汬ˣ
ԷԷ壬һţű֣ȥġȻȥˣǾҵţô򵥵ĵ㲻𣿡
ߣű˵ģǾֵܱǱҲ㣡
ԷΪţѾǲҪˣ
һţ߼ذһЩţʵν
Ͼɷ˵̾ͷһʱЦȺˡ
ڻޱȻõˣϼŵȻܹ㵽
ԭԷȥģԷȴ˰취˻ޱš
ڿޱеżֵҪԼżֵҪߡ
һεŵ뷨ţһְн϶ǰ϶ˡ
ܸģ˼ھҪˣ
ޱѾǴԼĵԣѾʼ׼ŸˣϾѶֻм򵥵ļʮֶѣ
ȻǼʮ֣ɾһţ
ʱֻҪԼģ˭޷ĵ飡
ҡ
ԷҲŭˣֱӰѻޱĵԸǿйػˣ
֣ǿǰ־磬ŭһޱֹûУһǲ쵼ˣ𣿡
ޱҲŭˣ֣ǿ쵼𣿡
ž
֣ǿŭһӣŻޱҸ㣬ҪִԲ͸ʰʰ̸Ǿˣ
֨
űƿˣ֣ǿҪŭ䣬ɿˣһϾͶЦݣ
ɫ
Ѿһڵıɫ
Ϊһν׻ʱܱϼ͸ܱ
°ĵ㣬ϼİ칫¥ϣΪԷɷ˵̾ͷ飬Ҫϼһˣ
ϾԷԼֶӣȻϣܱҲܹ֪ԼֶӺã
ϼҲ֪ԷһϵϾ˶׻ʱİӳԱԺϼҲøһЩӣ
ֻ˶û뵽һͷЩŵĸо
ܡܣôˣ
֣ǿһϼĵĵ˵
֣ô°ⶼ°ĵˣӣ⹤渺İ
ϼ֣ǿӣҲ쵼˵һЦЦĻ
֣ǿ̵ܣ⡭߳һС״
༭׻ʱΪҪĲţ߿ɲܳӰ
ܡܣ֮ǰԭ㰲СȥһģΪСɻ㣬Ծ͵һᣬʱޱСæǡ
֣ǿźϼƤ˵
˵˿һ죬Ȼûģ֣ǿ˵Ļޱһȵġ
ЩɻԼֶӵΪĹעġ
һﲻǸողŴZJʡʱӦòܸʲôɷɣ
ƫƫ֣ǿô˵ˣְҵһоûô򵥣
ϼûô֣࣬ǿ֣쵼ôҲͿֵȷǲ㣬æҲǾеģһ²ֵ㷢ôĻСոմػ㻹Ź
ܣ鲻ģޱҪԭСţҲϹ黹Ҳŷŭģܡ
֣ǿƺоԼܵʲôίһ㣡
һԵĻޱˮһְٿĪĸо˾ǰƺԼ˵ʲôԵôĲ԰ˣ
ˣʲôðģԭ˭ľ˭
ϼԥһ£ŻޱСǰɣȻСģǡ
ģܡ
ޱ˿̵͸һӵľǿԭžͲԷģΪʲôҪأ
һΣܲһֱɣ
ҲһˣҲϣԼܹΪҵٮٮߣƾʲôԼͶҪΪأ
ţô£ϼɫ˱仯һԵ֣ǿɫһ㻹߽Ʊ磿
ޱźϼ͸һӵļᶨܣҲͲ˵ˣǽǾԲóȥġ˲ô޳ܰɣ
˵˭޳أԷҲһ
˭޳˭֪ȷԭӦȥɷõģZJʡǸô˼ҲŴӦġã֣ǿҪֺ㣬ø㣬ҳˣһأ㿴żֵܴ޳ܵ˵ģҸˣ
ޱ׵ıˣһƺһӶ˳Ĭ
Է˵ɫѾѿ˼㣬ôҲû뵽ޱȻҰͱˡ




1670±Ļޱ
 

׻ʱ༭
ϼɫ쳣ѿʵΪһ쵼Ȼ֪ޱ˵Ǽ٣
ӣȴֱʲô۳
Է飬֮ǰһЩԷڷ飬ɫȻǺѿˣ
Ȩ
ϼҲǳķԣϾԼͬ£һ׻ʱˡ
һҪģ˼һƵϣԷ̫ˣ
𣿡ϼۿ˿Է
Էһ˿־壬ӲͷƤܣ˵֣లģҲǷӶѣһССļȨ
ԷԷ壬֪ĹԲ˶ߣ
ܣôܰڱ༭ѾԱˣǵλҵĹͿ϶һЩ˼ʵҲİ
Էһѱһģ֪ĻΪǸܺء
ʵһԵЩͬ˭֪ʲô
źϼܣɣ˻֪Ǳ༭ͬ־Ӧ֪ģҿ粻ɣʱ༭ͬ־ôԷСӵĴҾϢ
Ϸ
ϼһĨӣܹ˵ʵ
ϼֲɵӣȻ֪ôĿģ
˵Էģʱûж飬һԺأ
ֻҪɵӣ˭Ҳ˵Էйϵɣ
ȻôˣϼȴܲӦ
ͻڸ飡
ޱһ飬ɫɷף
ϼǺǻۣδش飬ǶŻޱСưɷõĵʲôŰ
ǡϼŶ³׾ɷݸҵ飡ޱ
ʲôϼŶ³װѹɷݾˣ˶٣Ͻ׼Ű
ϼһߣҲǼˣīɶأ̫Ҫ˰
ɡ֣Է岻á
ޱźϼЩε˵
ϼãΪʲôãΪһĸ˶ԹҪ׻ʱʧ𣿡
ɫ൱ѿһԵԷ֣ǿһ˿ɱ⣡
ޱһǵǵĺˣ
ܣҵи飬ѶĺŪ˵ɣ
ʵҲ֪϶Լֶժˡ
һˣԵǳĴˣԼֶϻһţټҲ㹻ˡ
ϼһУͰܵ˼ɣС㿴أ
ޱɫһ粻źϼܣЩԭ⣬ǲõģ
㡭
һޱȻôĸҪҲɫһ䡣
һԵ֣ǿ̵ܡܣԴļһˣʵ̫Ŀˣ
ͿһأѲɲ׻ʱһޱܶɣԷ壬ԲУҪи壬Ǹ
ޱˣѾǲˣԴ˿ҲйԼŭ
ޱ㡭ӡ
Է屻˵࣬һԵЩͬ£ǱЦ
ȻǺͬޱɴ˿̵ĻޱǵƺһŮӢһ㣡
˵һֱ˵Ļ
ӾͷӰɣ㲻Ҫȥɣ㲻ϡֻϣԺô޳ܾˣ
ޱΪѾǱ˺üˣ
Ӧһһֻ
ȻҲ֪ܺãҲҪԼ̫ˣ
ȻĻһ㣬ƾԼƴѧҵѲɻҲһù
ܶʱ˾һ뷨͹⣡
Щľʱ򣬷Ե÷ǳɣ
һ̣ޱԼɣǷһ޴İһ㣡
ϼסˣ
סˣ
˶ڵôҲû뵽ޱѡ
Էһº쵽˲Ӹ棬ޱĻǰǿʵ۵һ㣬ĳª׵չʾ˺ϼǰ棡
ϽжԶԶΪ׻ʱ뿪㻹תˣ
֣ǿŻޱҲΪԷһ̨ˣ
ޱ֣ǿм˵ƨĵҲǹˣΪǶԷҸ㣬Ǻ
ϼ΢΢ҡͷޱЩ̫죡
ѾزҪΪޱ˵仰ҲЩˡ
ޱ뿪ˣϼҲǸ뿪ˡ
˼ͬһ뿪ߣֻǵϼոյִ¥µʱȴһϤӰ




1671򶭣ô⣿
 

׻ʱſڣ
ϼԭɫҲÿŻޱӣġ
ΪޱԼˣҲûκεİ취
Ҫ׻ʱĻҪŮСЬġ
Ϊʲô
ΪղŵһϯǴԷʵϻ
֪ϼȻû˵ʲôӦöԼҲˡ
ҲЩɸ֣ԼֶǼôҪϣ˼ҸƼˣҶ²̨
ϼΪ˼ԼӲģĻԼֶӿҲܻȥˣ
Ȼ˵ĹֱͣǶԼҵһ̤
ϼҲǷǳߣΪһ쵼סˡ
ȻԻޱоһĿϧޱȷʵûס
ͻޱ֮䣬ϼѡͣϾӳԱͣǴȥɾͲ̫ˡ
ޱոճ˵ݣûƽ
Ϊ֪׾Ҳûи̫ĵϾ˼ײϼŵĶ³
ʵϣޱл׵ԭ˼֮ǰƵԼ
绹һվ׵ߣ׽绹磬˼ĿɶǱԼ̫̫ˡ
οǿǿӼһָɽֹĸо
׵˾ǸоһĿİ
ףǸ˿ȥЩϤ
翴˺ϼʱҲɻ˵һ£
һԵ׸ոһֱڽӻ˼ĵ绰һ˵׽ǣСҪ
һιҪΪϼŵĹȨ⣡
ܶ飬˼ԼҲǲô˽⣬ҲûиЩ飡
ͻȻ֮ȨôȥˣҲǲ֪Ϊʲô
Ƽ߲ǳ߰ɡ׿
һȻСƺ˰
ˣ
Ҳ̧ͷȥޱӦǸ˲Ŷ԰
Ͼ첻ûб˼۸һõһôţ
ޱȥӦ˾עĽǣ
ΪһߣôŲһǳĵ
֮ǰһֱڸ˼ͨδע⵽Χ飡
ô˵Ҳ˳Ŀ⳯Żޱķ˹ȥ
ȷǿˣ
򶭣ô⣿
ϼѾǳķ˹ȥźϼٹӣҲЦ
ϼʵҲй֮Եģĵλϼ֪ġ
ȻˣЩص㣡
ص׻ʱ糤ǺѣʱҲ糤Լʶġ
Ǹʱĺϼ࣬ѾǹΪܱˣ
ǡ
ƺŮЩӡ󣬿һʱỹ벻
ǰյʱҸ糤һȥġ
ϼ˼ǷǳĲЦŵ
һԵҲЩ㵣û뵽ǰͷȻô
ŶŶŶµһ֧ʣҼˣأ
ƺһˣҲϵôƵԼߣҲȥ
ϾҪǷ̺ףĶҪˡ
ϼ̵򶭣Ȼ˵ĻҪȻһȥɣ糤ӦһˣҪȻ
һֱǸæ˰ͲˣǳԷ
΢΢֣Ȼźϼʼ磡
ǲаǴӦλСŮͣĶǷ׵ˡ
ǺðɣԺл򶭰ɡ
ϼҲݸһЦʵ˵һĵλȻȻľͻܵ˵أ
ʱյĵλǺϼҲҪӵġ
ټ糤ǿ֮ѣҪעϸˡ
С㣬ߡ
ϼк֮ŻޱǱ߻ӻ֡
һԵĺϼЩɵˣѲޱһȣ
ޱԭΪǹԼģҪ׼ӭȥû뵽ԼҵܱྐྵȻʶ
Щ˼绹ǷǳС
ϼкޱδǰΪԼ鷳˼ˡ
ŵǣǴк֮ڹȥ
ֻû뵽˼ֱӾͺԼ
ޱǱ˹¶һ˿Цݵҵˣ߰ɣ
У߰ɣһܻһѹǸС𣿡Цʵ
ǸСҲһأѾˣޱЦŵ
ϼˣ
Żޱ羹Ȼô죬ӷٵת
Żޱ׼ȥ̵ȵ򶭡




1672±ߵԷ
 

ϼЩˣ
ޱıʵ֪һǴ߳һС
һ㣬ĸҲǹ˳ĵװдŵġ
ҲΪˣԺϼ֮ǰûеһ¡
ɾڽ죬ڻޱ֮󣬺ϼȴһЩսľ飡
ޱȻʶ򶭣ʲô
ԭϼŻޱǲǸһȣڿ
Դޱ̬֮Уһ˿𾴵˼
ѲԼˣ
ϼѾЩϰµģ֪Ӧôźã
ҪһޱʲôĻǺϼоԼ첻ʹˡ
ԥ֮ʣ
ϼһӺͣ磬΢΢üܻ£
򶭣Եһ£ҡһ»ޱǡ
ϼһ˿εЦݣ֮ǰոշô飬ͻȻ֮Ҫ˼ЩԼоЩ˼ˡ
һԵ˿ɫҲЩɷףȥŵúܣ
Ȼ֪ô£ƺڷת
ƺûʲôϵɣ
翴źϼ˵Ķ£ҲЩ̫ġ
ʵޱȷûжĹϵҪ˼ҳԷ
ޱҲǲһҪǱˣǿɾһ˰
ǣ˵ǣޱһֱ׻ʱصӣֻû뵽йϵ
ϼֻܹ˳Ż˵ˣʵڵĻޱѾǱ׻ʱˣ
ԥһµҸãôˣ
ã
ϼһޱҲ̫һɣ
ޱҲסˣʵҲ֪Լô򶭵ĸأ
Ϊʲôô˵
ޱ׿ôˣ
ûʲô߰ɣ
翴ףҲ֪׵һҪˣ
ϼһҪߣ̵򶭣ǶԲסˣղޱ¥ϵʱһίԭúõĴģû뵽
ί
ɫҲĳԸôô۶Ӱ
һʿˮоԼĺһķɬ
ޱ̵ûʲôģҸ˵飬ҲûжĹϵ
ޱҴĲ׵ӦõһʱվġϼһޱȻԼ˵ҲǸжĪ
һ˵ĻʱԼҲǳԲ˶ˣ
Ҫ֪һޱʲôⱳǳһ˵ˡ
ϼҲ֪ǸʲôģҲǲܲˡ
ô£
ϼԥһǰ˵ˣʱȫվ˻ޱһߣ
ѾǷ˸תϼʵ֮Ҳֻ֧ޱġ
һ˵ϾȻ˺޳֮ˣϽʲô⣡ȥ˵˸ôأ
нп಻˵ʲô
ʵϣԼ޲ðѹϵƲˡ
ϼ̵򶭣һƴһƴ
ʱ֣ǿԷҲЦеĴ˳˵Цƺδܵղŵţ
ȻԷɻޱѾˣһţȻǿĲѣ
˽ϻҪȥףһţֻû뵽˿׼Ⱥϼȥȴ¥һƱ˶վǱء
ϼͻޱ׻ʱĴ¥ǰ
ŵݵ˼ʶĻͷ˿ԷһޱȻڸϼ߿ߣ
Ҳŭߵ˻ޱߵޱղǱߺҾûд㣬ǲڻҪܸ״֪ܰ
һԵ֣ǿҲǳܣޱƽϲС棬û뵽
סڣ
ϼ˿Ҳһŭͷ⣡
һԵ񶼸ˣҪһҲôı
Լֶӽ׻ʱûѾҲΪΪɣ
򶭴˸ţҲǹҲס
翴˿ǸԷ壬Ȼźϼ
˭
Էԭϼǳһ£׼ԼͣһԼֲˬˣ
һԵȻǱʹ˰ɫҲֻ֣ǿˣԷûгط
žž
Ķ֮һǷ⡭
˭ƾʲô˰Է屻ͷת
翴Է徹ȻԼҲŭɶ˵Ӵľɵȱ⣡
˵꣬һεĳԷ壬һȭߣ
߶֣ûһ˸ǰ˵ҲֻܹһԿţ
򶭣򶭣Ǹʲô
ʱ򣬴Ӻܹһʮӣ羹ߴˣҲסˡ
ܿ죬ͳĸǰ˹ȥ




1673ϼŵĶ³
 

ƣո°࣡
ʵ˵첻һͨһѣ
Ϊ׻ʱߴԵ׻ʱ糤Ѿˡ
׻ʱȨνܱȡ
˿ƵĵҲڵ
Ϊ׻ʱͷͷƵĵڳԭҪŭԷҲסˡ
Ȼ֪׻ʱԼҲܵĴڣ
糤ֻڰѵһǱ޳֮ͽѣ
翴ѾǱ׵Է壬˵
һԵĻޱ磬ʵҲ֪Щ˵ͷĴ
ƿ򶭣һ˵
˭ѾҪ˵ʲôˣ֪粻Ե޹ʵĴ˵ġ
ƱϾ쵼Ҳñ˿Լ˵ӡ
Ǻ絽һ˵ˣ
ܿ죬˾ͳһ˹ȥ˵һ顣
ƵŭƺѾǱˣȻָָߣ˵沿ڷž޴ת䡣
ȻõǱʲôûбҪľ
ûӣѾһ·Сܵĳ׵ķˣҲѾˡ
̬ȿȥҲû˭ˣúϼҲЩ㵵Ŀף
˭Ҳ֪׵ʲôݣ
ƿ׵ֶ
ĸ֣Ȼ糤߻е飬Ժлİɣ
׸ƲϤ˵ˣҲҪƹĿ
ȴһôţֻ˵Լ߻飡
ʵֻǲЩľȻޱˣôԼ綼Ըṩһְλ
ǸԷҲѾǱһ٣ѾԽˣ
˼СӦùһ͵ˣȻϣʱ˷档
Ϊ˼ǻһЩҪ
ʱأ
ױҪץʱ䴦׽飬ľԼ뾡ǰɽ硣
ϾԼŮǶѾǰɽ磬Ҳ֪Ǿɽ絽Ǹʲô
ƿײ̲ӣо׿϶ˡ
û˵Ѿ˳ӣޱ״Ҳϳˣ
Ǹư
Ҫ֪ϼŵĶ³ǿɲ˭Լġ
˼ҹˣû뵽Ȼô˵飬ŭ֪ˣ
ﳤȥӣѾǳźϼ˹ȥ
糤ҵĴҴ
ϼƣѾĳ˴
Ȼ֪׵ݣ֪ݰﲻ𣬸οأ
⵽ô£˵
Ƹϼ͸һɵ
ʿˮһһ׵ģȥ쳣Ľš
Ƶ糤⡭ҲҲǸӵġ
쵰Ѳ˼򶭻ԩ㲻ɣԩ㣬˼ֶʱȥԩ𣿼ֱǳ˷°
Ƶŭһӱȼˣһڻ˵
⸱ܱ࣬㵽ʱ򻹴ֶ̻֮ǰǸӲ̫ѿֶҲ̫Ǹˡô˼ŵ𣿡
ϼ˿Ҳվˣһŭ˵
һ֮ǰֶӽʱѾ˵ˡû뵽ֶǱ䱾˼ֶЦ˵ô죿
ֶĸֶ
ҲưʲôֶѹҲʶ
Ҫ˵ͷģ糤ڸֶᣬֶһﵽ˭
뵽ղ糤ǰ˼֣̬ȼΪ飬ѲǸվԱһԲʲôֶҪ򶭻ͷ
Ҹ㣬ӽ쿪ʼ㱻ְͣˣһ淴ӦģֶӺ֣ǿˣ̿
Ҳøһϻˡ
糤Ҳװɣɫѿ˼㣬û뵽ƾȻͣԼְҲЩŭˡ
һǰɣǽҾף֪Աߵ˭ǿϼŵĶ³ף𣿡
ȻϼŵĶ³ǡСôֶһŶˣšϼ˵ҲЩ״Σ
ʲôţһ˾ʵ
ϼŽٷ֮ʮĹɷݾ˹ңѾǹ˾վȥ˰ֶǩԼģϼ̵
һ漴ŭһڲְͣˣ͵űɣ쵰
Էɵˣƺûп糤˷ŭ
һѾΪרҵĵ䷶ˣ˿̺ϼôͬһأ
һ仰ȡ
ʱ׸Ѿ׻ʱһС֮С




1674ºμǷ
 

μǷݣ
Сݾ׻ʱ棬رĴ
СھȴȽϵĳ
ȻȲЩԴ͵ĵطھǵСǳĿǰ
ˣμǷھ֮ҲǱȽϵĳˡ
һЩǡȨĽԺܶ˶˵ںμǷ棬ǧװ棬һСľпһţˣ
һң룬ھô껹û˵ôطأܳ
翴ŻޱҲЦʵ
һԵЦŵҸ˵óԵĵطһɶЩСӣȥǼķ꣬ԵĲǸκͻѡ
ֶĻҳͬʵ˵ˣλǸ߸ϵɾȴʳסء
ޱҲǽķſˣһЩ֮Լ̬Ҳ仯ˡ
Լֲͼ׺ʲôҲһԷôѹֵĻ˼Ҳϲ
ŮӣȷⷽһЩȻƣ
ʼҪǺóԵĻԺƼƼˣ
򶭣Ӧ֪ˡޱЦŵҸμǵϰȽϵϤҪȻĶλˡ
ˣ綨ܹҲЦŵ
ޱ˵ٺ٣ֻðɣ
˳˹ȥ滹ǱȽϵСһ¥ÿһֻһֻʮƽĵط
Թԣվôˣ
ҲˣЩ˿ĽҪȻҲԸǱŶӵġ
ޱЩ˵ֶҸҵҳԹóԵһҵˡҺμǵĲÿһɶǾأ֤Թ˻»صġҪǣ󣡡
С㻹ĬҲЦ
ޱ˵Ǯ⣬ɺܶѧʲôģһٷüѾ˰
׿˿ʱ䣬ȻȽȥɡ
ֶǻи𣿡ޱףȻҪȻڵһȣ
ˣǼһġЦЦȻ˽ȥ
ͻޱֻܹ׳˹ȥ
μǷݣ
ȥ֮ӵһЩŶʲôĶǾȻģ
μǷݵ¥һ䣬ĻޱȷҲǱȽϵˣ䲢û˶
˼Ҷ֮ոˣñޱ˶ѣ
ĻǿҪǱŶźܳʱˡ
ϰ壬ǵİỹڰɣ
ͣһ¥ǱߣޱһȥʮЦʵ
ǸǱ߳ŲˣһޱҲЦŵС˰ܲ΢һᰡ֮ǰӵʱһ˽ˣҸ˵ֻܹһСʱʧΪѾˣ
˼õߵ£
ޱɫһ죬ʵҪƽʱĻҲ͵ˣϰĹϵһкηأ
ڲԼȲȵԭ򣬶ء
磬ޱھΪ壬Ƣ쳣Ļ𱬡
ټ˼ݡʵģ˼ҶָҪʲôɵ֣
ԣޱһҪڶֵĻҲҲס
ô˼İỹܸˣ
ȻţˣǳĴһԵҲЩָָġ
ǸϰҲգһ߳ŲһЦŵֵܣС⣬һ£ҪȻɣȵôһȸΣ
⣬ľǸƣ
׿ӣҲǳȾ͵һɣھߵҲжʮң
ⲻ
ԼﻹƢżɶģҪǵľ׵飡
Ը˼ţĲƯˡ
ޱףͷֶллˡ
ֶֶĽˣ׾ˣԷǸģ׿ŻޱЦŵǶңֻǲ䷹ġ
ޱɫһ죬ֶ˵Ĭ
翴׵ҪȻ¥ȥ
ǸϰЦŵλ¥Ȱɣ¥еӣǿһٹʮңȥǼһ¡
ϰ壬鷳˰
׶ԴЩ˵̬ȷǳĺãȻ磬ȴЩԼͶüֵˡ
֮ǰķ˼Է֮ϰ׵ĿпܵλҪ߳ܶ࣡
¥Ǳߵţ
˼СƺгٵϰߣڼѹҲʶطҾͣҲ쳣ѣһεĳٵˡ
һ֮󣬺ϰЩٵĿŻޱǸȻ˵˼Ůڽȥ
ϰ峯ǰ˹ȥһűƿˡ
˵ϰ壬˼ٹһСʱ׼ʱߣղҲǵš
ϰոսȥ⻰û˵ڣѾһƵ˳




1675ԵС
 

¥ᴦ
׵˾棬ʵ˵ᱻռˣҲûʲô
Ͼ˼С⣬ռҲռˣ
ֻҪߵܹõᣬ˵Ҳûʲô
˵ˣνİʵһССĿռѡ
ҪҲΪڴ֮ͥ죬ϾǣЩ˽ܣ
ңڻ˼Ҳ׼ӵĲڹԷˡ
ϰ˰ᣬΪߵѾˣΪ˸ʱ䣬Ѿǰ˲ˣ
һҲһСʱˣҲˣ
ںȾƣһȥǳ˷ܣ
ϰЩνʵʶ٣ϾֻǸġ
һЩȽƵʶһЩСеʱʶô˰
棬һ˿ŶˣһǿŮģ
ղһ˽ʱ򣬼Ǵſ֣ˣмһߵС⣡
ЩٳЩԴĸо
ǾãֻҪǸ˾ӦʶԼǿϰӦҲʶԼ˵ġ
Ϊ׵Ǹ½˵Ϊϵ½պԵʣ
½ȦУνһһĵһһͿ
Բ𣬼λԭǸŵģΪ˼Ҷ㣬͹ˣ֮ǰŸ˵ൽߵӣѾЩԲסĿˣ
ϰģ⽲ľǸţ
ղŻޱ˹ʱҲʵʵ˵ûޱҲΪ⣡
׸ʵҲû˵ʲôϾ˼С
½˿Щ΢źϰЦŵϰ壬ӦʶҰɣ
ʶ
ϰһ㶣˵ʵȻЩǣô࣬һʵͽʶôأ
ԣ˿̵ĺϰԵЩΣ
һԵһŮ˿һЦ½̫˰˼Ҹʶ㰡
ϰЦλһǴǣһͷҲɶģǺǣϺҸλô
ߣϰ壬Ǽ߳Եĺܿģɣһӣ˵ǿ϶ߣΣ
½źϰ壬¶һ˿֮ɫ
ϰһҲһƣ
Ѿ˵ҪĻôĻС㻹˼ҵĿ˽أ
⣬ľǸô˼һС㽻أ
ǴǣμǷݵĴֲһˣĴҲġ
ϰҲûмˣĴˣôô
ֻ˼ʱǰ˰֣Ҳûôľף
½һʱģҺϰҲΪȡһˡ
½˼Ҷʶ㣬ҿ˰ɣˣȥΣ
˵ŮһƣȥҲΪľ£ֻӦòǣǸֵġ
С㣬ԷûгԾˣôأ
½ȻǴƣСĻƺʮֵ⣡
ҿó½ƺСġ
Сʼ½Ҳˣ˼Ҷ˰

С˵ȻЩ̲ȴܹ˺ʤ
ڵ½ƺѾǱŭˣϲÿ
ҲЦǶ½˹ȥ
½ϰһ治ûǮ˵飬ϰ壬һǮ
˧磬һһǧ˰һǧˡ
ϰ廹Ϊ½ҪأҲ˳˵
ֻҪ˸ˣԼ׬һʵҲν顣
һͲӦóֵģֻԼһ¡
½ٺһЦҸ򣡡
ۣ
ϰԭΪ½ҪǮأһǸǮˣһӸúϰҲǿһ£
з
һʲôĿĵģ
ô꣬ϰʲôûм
ȻСĴٹ˿һ㶼١
е͵ģиߵģһ㣡
ǵһ֮ҲЩڣ֪ԼͲЩ˰Ҳˡ
ˣǸ˻ˣ
λ˵һǧһǧҲҪ
ϰԭԻǷǳǿġ
½źϰһǮԵֵʮǮôΣ⣿Ҹʮ򣡣ҾҪ߳Էˡ
λǮ˭Ҫ׬˲û˵ߵ㣬ǿɲ͵ߵ㰡
ϰȻҲ֪ǮҪԣ˶ĻҲûа취ˡ
Ȼʮˣ˵ĵȴܹʧȥ
ߣϰǲˣǺðɣö˹Ҹ̸˰ɣ
½źϰһȻһûа취ܾǮջġ




1676װʧ
 

μǷݣ
ϰɫȽϵѿЩߣѱ˷У
ǮôˣѲͷԸҲ˭Ǯ˭Ǯ
μǷݲǸСݶѣôĽأ
Ҫı˭ǮĻȫȥƵȥȰαһСأ
С겻Ϊ˱ѣ
ҪǸװɴ󷹵Ļ³ԵҲˣΪ³ζ϶Ҳǲһˡ
ϰ忴½ϰ壬˵ܲɣ
˵˵ôΰ⣬߳Էûзɣ
½źϰһ
û۲˵˵ߵӽ
ϰҲš͵ˣ½ǮˣҲЩŭˣ
ҪǺϰԼҲһǧˣںǮһһ㣡
Կ½ӣԼоЩˬˡ
ϽҲ߷ϻǸ˶˹
½źϰӣҲô
ûдҪߣǶСߣҪԼʵˡ
˵С㣬ǿǾǵ壡
½һֱ׷С㣬ʵϳ˿Сò֮⣬ҲǿСļ
СǺż壬½˵ֻǸϷӶѣ
ҪĲᣬǾͱҪ׸Ųϣġ
һԵĶСƺҽ̸ӵĲźϰ΢΢һЦϰ壬ҪȻͰѶ˺ɣһ£еĻǾô
ô˵ҵǿһ£αҪǮѹأ
ϰ忴һ½ҲЩ˵
½ҪŭһԵĶСѾ˵½ǻ԰ɣϾǹǿɲǺŶ
½оԼһװʧˣ
ѾǰԹ޼˺ϰϣǺϰˣ
⣡
ϰҲһǸȻ˳ʵѾ淢һУ
ֻδ֨ѣϱ£ӹ֮
ЩϰԵİԼǽ㣬Ϊȫ綼ӦΧת
ʵأƾʲô㵱ǽأ
ֻܹţһﲻҪˣѾǺܺõҪŭˣ
ӶЩĵ飬ԭͦõҲǱЩˬˡ
ϰ壬ʲôʱ߰߿ɻпذ
ޱźϰ壬Ҳ֪ʱҪϰϽˡ
ҪȻôȥҪ˼ֶ򶭵ˣѾЩⲻȥˡ
ϰ忴ŻޱʼС㣬ǼˡҪһ¡
ʲô˵ߵߵ㣬ѾһСʱˣƾʲôռǵİᰡ
ޱʵҲǺܺãˡ
ϰЦһҪȻλȥ˵˵Щ˵ͨ
ϰҲһΣļÿҲ֪ӦͷС֡
˵²ôŰ衣
ںϰ忴Щ˿϶е֣
ޱźϰΪʲôҪ̸ֲϰ壡
ϰ̾һʵ˵ɣСƣЩ˸ߣ˵ҪҶ̸̸̸£ߣҿӿҲ񰡡
̸ҵҪ̸ʲô
ޱԸҲǷǳĹֱģҲ׻ʱôһϷˣ
ϰŻޱ˰ᴦ
翴˿׵ҪȻȥ·ţ˰
ãţ
װڰ֣׵ѾһЩζ
ڸ˼ôҵʱƺҲûӰ
಻ˬһҲЩᷳˡ
ڣ
½ŻޱʱҲһ㶣ϾôһŮ˽Ҳ̲ס࿴ۣ
ޱ½ʱҲһ㶣ѿڶ½
Ӵǣҵʶҵİ½ЩԳЦЦ
һԵĶС˵żʶҲ
½ŻޱЦŵҾ½Ůôƺ
ޱ
ޱĻЩģ˵μǷݿǣ
û뵽Ȼһǣһ˼ǵʱּǿ֪ġ
С㣬˲ĨǣڸҼҪһԷ㿴ǲܹڵһ᣿
½оԼڼԼŮӦڴӦ֣
ϾԼNCۻǷǳĶ࣬ЩΪԼѰٻģ
Բ𣬲У
ڻޱѿڶֵʱһԶΪޱڴӦһЦ˳
½һζĶˣҪ˵֮ǰϰ岻ʶҲˣڻһʶҲôĲӰ
½ɫ쳣ѿŻޱߣҼˣҪʲô˵ɣǮ
ԲʲôҲҪֻҪҵİᣬΪҲҪĿҪд
ޱĲ½оԼѾǳ׵û˹âˣ
һʱ䣬ΪΣ




1677ھ
 

½ŭˣ
оԼǲûп
û뵽챻˵ӣҪ֪ÿһǶӵĳ档
ϰԼھ۹µΪǸ˶ӦԼ
ûУ˼Ҹᶼø
Լ׷Ů˻ߣⲻǻĴ
һԵĶСƺЦĶˣŻޱ˴Ĵָţ
½ŻޱһҽҪˣֻҪѰøңҸһΣ
һ򣿣
ޱŵҲ˫һһһǮҲ̫׬˰ɣ
ƽʱĻ˵ޱֱӾˣ
˭ǮȥզΣɽ첻а
ǸǮ˼ֶ򶭻˼ҵһɾҪˡ
ЩǿɲǮġ
Żޱԥӣ½һıӣǮǰ˶Ǵġ
ĿŻޱС㣬㻹ʲôһ򰡣ھǽһ׸˰ɣ
С㿴ŻޱӣҲ΢΢һЦƺ˶óޱĶˣ
ޱԥһ˼ǮȻҲȱǽĲУ鷳ǰѰøǣлл

С㿩ЦȻҲû뵽ޱȻ˵ľǿ
һ˼ԥһ»ûдӦ
½һ򣡣
һ׬ڵ½˵򲻹С˼ѣ
ҪľڶСǰһ棬ȻҲܷŭҪԼ棡
ǮûãҲ͵ģ
˵꣬ޱѾǳ˹ȥԼЩƲסջ
Żޱ˹ȥ½ȻһӣȻͳ˹ȥ
׺翴Żޱ˳ҲǱһ˿΢Ц
ţ½Ҳ˳һȺ鼤ܵӣ
ˣһĴ󣡣
½½ǹ£
СҲó½һŭˣҲһȰο
翴ųļˣЦһëûгȫأŻ˭أϽҹ
˭Ҹô˵֪˭𣿡
½һ磬Ҳŭɶ˵
ӹѾ˭ѾǹˣĸҪ
ƢһôĻ𱬣ڿЩˡ
׳ǰ˹ȥǮ˲ˣǮڼ̤˵ϣ
ǣ컹˰ҾǮذҰ
½ףҲŭȥ
һԵĶС㿴Ҳ̵˼½ҲģǹգǾ۾ۣǸճôһʱߣҲʰ
Ƕ󵽣ȻȶģҲӦ˺ϰߵ뿪ǾҪϷǰɣ
׿ŶС㣬͸һӵİ
С㿴ףλȻ˵¶󵽣ҲýͨɣǮҲǵĴҾκ鶼Կ𣿡
â
СԭЦݽɢȥ˿ҲΪ½ͦˣ
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ǣۣ
ЦһȻһҪװǾװˣ
ҶҲŴģһҪˣ
꿴ףҲǱŷһҵĹâƺ׷ǳĲˬ
Ͼᣬһ˵ģöҲһƣ
翴Ů޾Ȼ׶ҲŭһǹûУ
ô˵أ֣ûʣ꿴һıġ
װڰֵ򶭺αظһСһʶأȻҪǵİᣬǸˣ
˵ײҪǮеǮ
½һ׵ҪǮҲǳ˱ӡ
ǸղԼۿ̫ˣЩ˸ˡ
꿴Ҳг˱ĵζǣȻλͬҵĹ۵㣬Ϳ۰ɣֻҪǮܹ⣬Ƕ⣡
һԵĺϰ忴ҲĿɿڴΪһ
Ǯ˵Щ
ҵôˣһοΪһӵġ
׿˿ޱЦŵС㡭
֡ҡޱĿ׵
㶨ģ벻׬ǮЦŵ
ޱ̵ԷǵǮҲҪ
йĴָȻתŶЦŵɣ˱ȽϵҪڵĻøҲû£
ۣ
ڣ
½Ͷ궼סˣһﻹǸҿڰ
һʱ䣬μǷݵ¥˲ž֮⣬˶Ŀɿڴ




1678¡족˼
 

ϰ屻׵仰ŵòһûˤڵϣ
ڣ
ǰԼμǷݸˣҲòʮ֮һ
½Ͷɫѿ˼㣡
ǶоԼ׸Ϸˣ
ڣѲһΪǮֽ
Լǿӡģ½꣬һҲ׬ڶѣ
һһӾҪԼڣֱʨӴ󿪿ڰ
ⲻǴҲʲô
ڣߣΪǸʲô½һ
һԵĶ꿴Ҳֱǲ
Լ˵ģȻǮǿˣ
׵͸һӵĵȻ֮ɫҪһˣ˲̫ţ
½ͶУ׼ֱǣ
ЦһҪǲأ
ߣɲ˵ġ΢΢ҡͷһûз֮ǰϽ
ǣھǻûм˸Ҹô˵ΪǸʲôͷҲʶ٣ûмôһأ
ᣬʱôܷأ
һԵ½۲ôǣԷǸţҵҪһô𷨡
½ǰɣ׵Ŀ½
ǣǴүôΣ
½ţ˵һǣܹվ߸˵Ѿǿˡ
ôΣ쿪ʼͲٳڹڵҰˣ׵˵
ţģΪ˭׻ƻû˸Ҷ½˵Ļ
½ţҲеģ׻Ƶķ˿ѾӴһĳ̶ȣ
ôӴҲһϷӶѣǮȣʲôأ
ϼ£ǿ׻ֹ˾ģ
ָ磬ƵطһĺҰ
׼˵֮ʣһſֵѾ˹
˼һΪطҲͣ˺üγʵûа취ǿŵ˳ġ
ͻޱͷ˿һ˳Լķ˹Ҳ֪Ӧþ׸ղͨǸˡ
Ȼǻ֪˵˭ܹ浽һˣܹʲôط
ڵĻޱ̬ǷǳĺãǵС˼ϼŶ³ĸǰʲôأ
˼ֶڲϼŵĶ³˼ҵʵҲӹɵģ
׻ͷ˿˼ǲŵİ֪ҪԷǰɣ
ָ磬ҵطʵ̫˰˼дһ˿޹½ʱҲǾһµ½
Ҳʶ׿Ż˼ʵ
˼һֵǸҪݼûݼҪʵûʵļһԷģ˵ڸϼŶɽҵŮ̸أҿǿ˶ҵȨƺ͵λɡ
˼⻰˵ľ൱ֱˣ½ŸоһĻġ
ʲôţֻϵЩŶǱ½Ŷӹˡ
϶ǳ˶굹׷½ţ
ҲǱĸ½ϴˣֻǻ˼һĴ졣
ܶȦ˿ŸǻЩȴϣõ˼Ĺע
Ϊһʵʵ˵
ܶʱ²̨½֪һǻ˼
˾ըһ㣡
㡭˭
½һô˵ôʹĵ㣬˲Q
һԵĶ꿴Ż˼ҲŭһҸʲôϵһëǮĹϵ𣿿ۺ죿
ԭǶɽŮô°˼ƺ֪ʲôһ㣡
׿Ż˼ҪǷϻˣǳԷ½СӣԺҲϣڹҰ֮У
ָ磬ˣһкġ
˵꣬˼ҲǸ׵˳˹ȥ
½˿ЩһקĸƵãҲŭɶ
Щ˭͸ҾԼˣ
ʲô½ֱһץס˻˼·
˼ۿ½ȻժԼĿֵɿ
ٶ
½˼ժֵһ̣ʶɿ֣
˼ȣ˸ʲôأ
̸ģڻ˼ƿ˴Ȧµֹ˾Ŀǰ׻ġ
ټϻ˼ƸѾǸɵйվߣֱǴɱ
꿴Ż˼Ҳ۾ɵϴԭЩ½һ׼ֵЩˣͣ˽Ų
һЩѾһˣƺ¼˻˼һ㣡
ȷ˼Ѿһˡ




1679ûһǵ
 

½Ͷ˿Ż˼Ӱǻһ
ǾǵĶϼԻŷѾ˼ϼŵʱǶһСˡ
ο½һϷأ
ղŲһ½˿̸һɵĹβͲһ㣡
ǽȥɡ
ڸ˷ϻʣµ齻˼ȥˣ
һԵĺϰ廹ЩȦô˼ͬʱ˵ˣҲסˣ
ܿ죬۾һĻѾǳˣ
ٶҡҴˣ۲ʶ̩ɽ
½˵һˣԼǿˣ˲Щˡ
һԵĶҲŵЩ˵ˣղΪԼļЩ˳
ڿԼһҵ˼ҵиʲô
ҸղŸԼҪڵǸˣ˼һٶ磡
ʲô
Ҫ֪˿ȥȻٶҪᣬ˼ȴ簡
˼½Цʵָ磬λǣ
磬Ӧ˵İɣ׿һ磬ȻŻ˼΢΢һЦ
û뵽زŵ򶭾ȻҲڣʧʧ
˼ָֻʱЩˡ
ֵû뵽ٶȻѣԺֱӽңκֻҪܹ쵽ģһˣ
⻰ܳǺŴУҡ
˼Ҳ𾪵Ŀ˿磬Ҫ֪ݺʵǰǱߵġ
ŴУ
ʲôģǻ˼Ҳ֣
оǸСһ㣬û˼Щˡ
ȻҲ֪˼ҺŵĴҲǳصİ
̵ѽٶ˵ʲôǾĹ˰οѾˣԺֻҪ£浽
仰˵Ļ˼һһ㶵ģ浽
ǿǺŴаȻԼ˵浽
˵ȥ¶ûмܹŵģ껪ŷŸյǵʱԼĸȥݻ綼Ǳ֮ġ
û뵽쾹Ȼˣ
һԵĻޱҲ˼˼һﰡ
ң˼иص㣬һٽýĲɷãû뵽Ȼһεţˣ
ޱԼⱲͷһһôƽʱ˵еȻҲǼΪĸˣ
еһĨҲǲϵļأоЩˡ
˼óŻޱЦŵλŮǣ
ʶһѣ׻ʱļߣޱʧҵˡ׿Ż˼Цŵ
˸ȥʧҵˣָѻʧҵ˼Ҳŭһ
ʼ⻰˵Ҷ֪ôˣ
翴ףЩ̽ԵѯʵҪҪȻûСȥϰࣿ
˵򶭰ͲҪ˰ɣָϼһְλܹ㶨ˣ˼Цŵ

½Ͷ˿ɫѾɷףָϼţ
Ѳǰϼŵļ̳ˣĻһƺ͵ͨˡ
˼Ϊʲô˼ôأ
ǺҲΪʲô˵Ƴ磿
һеԭ¾ǰǴ˵еϼŵļ̳ˣֻ˼ҾϼŵĶ³
ţϼŵĶ³ĺܣڿƺһжˮʯ
Խô룬˵ɫԽѿҪĻǡײˡˡ
ʼϰ壬鷳ʰһ£
ϰ忴׵ˣϽúúãԵȰ
׵ͷΪİȽϵңҲֻܹ죡
ȻˣҲ±ݣܶ鶼Ѿ֮ˡ
׿Ż˼Цŵǰٷ֮ʮϼŹɷѾǾˣҵһҸˣʱϼŶ³ְ񣡡
ңָЦϼҪû㣬ǻϼ𣿡˼һ׵ĻϽҡҡͷ
װڰֵһ˵ģԺûжʱ׻ˣأܶ黹ҪţİɣԺпһġ
׵Ļ˼һԵ֪ġ
ǿ˼ǿҪɽǿ߰׽Ȼ˼ҵĿǷΧ֮ˡ
˵ϼŵĹɷݣϡĿ¾ˣ
˼Դðָ磬ԶϼŵĶ³Ǿһˣ
ЦŵˣŤŤĸʲô
˳Ű˹ȥ½Ͷ˿׺ͻ˼˽ȥıӰ˵ˡ
ˣûһܹǵģ
һӵ֪ˣ
ż˽˰ᣬ½ͶһȻ뿪ʱɫأȴ½ǱȦ׵ķɱ




1680˻ޱ
 

μǷݵİڣ
ĸǱߣޱЩš
ĸ˵Уǿɶ߳ƵΨԼһСආ
˵ڻһҵ꣡
ָ磬զطԵİôƫĵط㶼֪
˼֮ҲǶЦŵ
ǺǣɲǻСЦŵ
ޱЩ˼˵ҡҲǾҵǳĲԲš
ѽѽָ磬һϧ˼ûаһŮͣЩ̫ʰɣ
˼ŻޱӣҲЦ
еĳԾˣĵģ׿Ż˼ҲЦ
һԵ翴ЦŵٶǽСҲԵ֣ҾϻСΣ
˵򰡣㻹ţ͸ˣ˼һֵ鵹ǲ

ޱҲǾȵͶϲ£ˣ֮ǰô˵ʱԭֻΪںϼǰ˵һڣ
û뵽˼򶭻İ鵱ˣ
ЦŵͦõģѶ·ǽҲǹѹˣ
ҲܻޱôģֱϵĺƣȻһ˵һޱⱭԺΣ
򡭡򶭣ҡʸð
ޱ֪Լ˼Ҹһģ˼ԼʵЩˡ
ֱһ˵ʲôʸʸģϽģ
˵ǲǺŴϰ˰˵ô³˼ҲЦ˵
Щε˵ҡⲻǡ
ˣС㣬Ȼô飬͡׿ŻޱЦŵ
ޱһҲһѱĺƶɵˣ
׺ͻ˼ƣôˣ
Ҳ˷ܵ˵ޱԺֱҸˣһ׻ʱİʲôȥϵİֱȥҺزű
򶭣ҡޱһ㶡
˵ʵ˸ȻǺܿĵġ
˼ǵزţԼһѧýģȥܸʲô
翴Żޱ򶭣
硭ޱĽţȻ磬Ҳȥ˵ʵһȱһݹɡѧϰýģزģ˸Ӵŵģܲһ˰ɣ
ʲôˣãôܽأ̵
˼һֵҿ˼һС˵ҲеרҵѹԿڰ
ô죿һ˵
˼ٺһЦⲻǻYHǻϿɶǸýйصİ
YH֣ǵģ翴Ż˼Цʵ
˼ٺһЦǵȻˣ滹ָͻѵĹɷءСרҵԿڵȥһŰĸܲãӦûûģ
ܲãٶܵ߾ˣʲôܲòܲõǾˣҲûǸ£
ޱԼＸģܲã֪ɶģ
翴Żޱӵ˵ֽ˭Ҳһʼͻģѧϰ߳ɳɸϤˣ綮
Ҳǵͷ⵹ǣֻҪѧϰ϶еģ
˼Żޱһֵôˣ
ƾޱôƴǣƺ˶ѾˣޱҲֻεĽˡ
ʵľԼޣԼɲñ˵
ɻ˼˻ںЩΪޱʶ˻ޱõĻ˼ѲɻҸȥܲã
ޱӣ˼̤ʵˣ
ΪŮȥһ̤ʵˣôҲȥģ
׺ͻ˼Ǳ죬ϼŵδչûĶ١
ϼѾ棬ʵһ׸˼ļ棬Ǹ˼һγ׵ĸ
һξ֮к׾ʹԼļ˽ˣ
ʵϣ׻кܶ黹ûднɽ˵ˡ
ԺܻܲǾͿԼ컯ˣ
ϾԼˮǵػߣĲܻĻ˵ٶҲ޼µģ
ܹĻʱڴҲż
һĵʮֿ࣬˸䣬ǳҹδߵţ
ڶһ磬׸˻˼ˣѾǳԼļҼ۶ȥ
׻ص˱أû˵̫ĶֱӽϺͼ˶֮УȻŽķǰ
ԼŮռܲһŮڽѧҲǴܰ½֮У
һȦѾǶʮˣ
һﶼĿɿڴĿǰһУҪǺŵ̫ϳϺ鳽Ǳ߸˽ţ׵ĸĸ˶Ҫˡ




1681׼ɽ٣
 

̫幬
ذδ̫幬һʱˡ
缸ѾǱ̫幬ȥˣ
ڼʹһ壬׿νǽһͳˣ
ȻЩСʲôģδһһ˳ѾǱѡˣ
Ѧ˻ص̫幬һʱ䣬Ƕһ׽͸ĸо
״Լ˻صţذδ밲Լ˿ʼС
ϵİţʱ㲻ɽ磡
ȥɽ磬Σأ
ҪһԼչ˼ˣ
Ȼ˵Щ̫ƽȴһ˼
Լɽ㣬Դͨǰˮǵɷͨ
ԼɽѵĻǼǴôȥأ
ڵѾЩԼǰɽˣ֮ǰȷǰɽ̫һЩ
֮ϣ
ذδͺ鳽վ׵ĸǰ߻ϸڤҵˣ
ͬʱҲڳˣ
ģļһƵıذδ֣µĵ
׿ذδͷذЩ鷳ˣѾǱ֤
֤ѾˣҪĻǿɾͻزͷ˰
ذδ̾һ
Ǻǣذα˸УԵǻټģ
׵Ļ˵ζذδ뻹Ϊ˵ɽ绹л棡
ذδ΢΢Цǰ·ϣгһܹɽٱʹ
Ȼô˵ذδ֪Լɢ֮ô׶ȹأ
׸Լٵĺöɢ֮ʵֲ̫һЩ
˵ѾһĲˣ֮һĸʣذδҲûбϣ
һԵѦ׵Ļһ𾪵ʵĴ⡭ô𣿡
Ҫ֪ɽٷѾкܶûˣĲ֪ţ
ǺǣҪҲøһ
Цŵ
ǣʵ̫΢ˣʸһ
ѦҡҡͷԼûţ
΢΢һЦһӣȳһֵգ
˵ӰѾ˲ʧ˵ǰ
Ѧȥһŵı飬ȵǱ뵽һ̣ƺһжʼˣ
Ũڼ޾ĵҩƺǵҲ
ֻһԵϿףһıܼ尾
ף㡭ǲǾͲˣ
Ͽ׵ӣҲǺۿ֮У̲ס˵Լĵǡ
ǰӵ˵Сϣ֮ǰӦҲ֪ˣİɣúһǻټģң
ţ㣡
ĵͷбᣬ˼ᶨ飬Ҳǳģ
˶֮пʼ
һߣ
׵ĻǴ˿ɫȻȥ쳣أ
Ҫһ̣ǵĻǷǳļġ
׵ǲż˿߻棬ذδ룬Ѿ뿪˴
ذδǸ˾֪׸лҪ˵ʱԼվߣƺѾЩˣ
ʦ磬ľ˶ɽٷˣ
Ȼû˷ܵĸо
һԵ濴ҲǳƵ˵ȥɽ磬δ
˵ǰɲô˵İôһôûأ
׵̬ɵĺܣȥɽȻҲ֪Σأ
ʵȻõĴУкܶ鶼Ǳӡˡ
Ͼ磬ܶɽ֪ʵҲδἰ
кܶ鲢ҪĻкܶ黹ڹء
괫УʵҲûбϣ
ԼĴ֮趨һӡֻͻΪɽ֮еһԱЩŻ֪
̾һʦ磬ʵǰкܶҶûж˵ӦҲ˵˼ɣ
ʲô˼
Ȼǲ֪ɽ֪˵ʵǶǸ߶˵ģ
ſڱտǿɶɵۡɻʡεģ
ʵϣɽôļ򵥣
̾һΪܹҵһ˸Լʦ紫һЩɽĶЩʵЩ翣Ȼ֮ǰ˵׳־飬ɽȴô򵥵ģ
Ҳ̾һ˵⣬Ҳ֪Ӧôڸ˵
ɫЩ̫ÿȻңʲô£
ʵϣɽʮֵĻң˸ļҲһЩ߲飬ȽϵͳȻЩ߸ϵɵۡɻʡ𼶱ǿߣһȥɽܹӴġ
Ҳʵʵ˵Ҳ֪ѾˣкܶҪ֪ˣ
΢΢һЦҲҪʵ֪ҲûжӰ죡
ʲô˼
׸о鲢򵥣ʵ֮ǰǰ̫ˣ
ĻкȻһֲ̫õԤˣ
Ҫ֪֮ǰȥɽǾǲϵȻҺ˱
Ȼֺǿ󣬿һֱģ
ЩйĻ׵üͷҲǽţ




1682¡ƭ
 

֮ϣ
ı黹ôأ
ȻһԹɣ֪һﶼˣԲô򵥵ģ
棬ǿɽɵۼľǿ߰ûģ
οҲǵɽɱķĳ飬˶ôıۣԼȥë߰
׿û˵Ÿʲô˵ɣҲиɣ
ͷͳ˵ʦ磬ҾٸӰɡʵ磬ʦһոսߣܹӴõ綥Ĵڣ
ϻǵȻܣҪǶܽӴЩŵĸֻû˵
΢΢ͷʵοɽĵȼƶȿҪҪӶˣҲʮֵң
˵ôɽһЩϢأǸʦûиҰ
ҲƵ˵
εʼʦʵҲΪʦãҪȻʦǰ֪ɽļѣ˺ʦûжȥˣΪҪԵĵķǳǿ󡭡
ҶӦȻҪģ˼𣿡
ЩˣԼһ˼Ÿ𣬵ͷ˼һԼˣۣЩ޷ˣ
һֻ֣Ǹһĸҿȥƺǳף
׵ȻҲû٣
ڻͷ룬Ѿ̫幬˸ˣʵ˵
濴Ҳ΢΢һ̾ҲİɣҪ֪겻ɻʼʵѣ滹ɵۼġ㼴Ƿɽǲײ˶ѡ
һеģ
ҲĻ˵׾ԼĶѣ
ֻһʵЩƲѰ
׿˵ҲȻɣذδ룬ɢ֮ٵĻɽɾǸ˰
֣ǺǣĶɽٳɹõĻҲǸɶѣ΢΢ҡͷ
ɣҲͦţ˰ɣ׿飬һȥǽǲһ
һ˵ǺţɽĽһץһѣǾñ˻𣿡ʵ
Ҳ΢΢һ̾ɽʵûʲôɽעصʵһ˾ǿҲսɽģοȥҪĵɽǿߡ
ɽɵ۲Ҳкܶ浱Ҳɵۼİɣ׿
ɵҲֺܶ࣬龳ǿһȲܱۣȴҲֹ̫ۣ
˵һӵĻ
ҲǱĻ𾪵ˣʵϣһֱԼ֮У
ټԼɱķڵǱģ
鿴׵Ҳǳ磬õɽĴУȻʵǷɵɽأƺܿͻᱻĨɱ
ôһ˵һȥʲô𰡣
û˵оԼͷƭˡ
ڿʦ㲻ȥҲ˰
̾һ
ôˣҾ߻˰
׿ʵ˿һƬĻң
鿴ʼȣʦɩǿɶɽˣѲʦ粻ҪˣΣһɩΣգʦܵþȰɣ˵һȥɽһʱ򱨳ĻҲһְ
飬СӶҰû˵
̾һʦ磬Ĳ㣬籾û̫Ѷȣɽǳ飡ǲΪ˱ܵɽɣ
˵ļǣҵػɽ磬׼ҲһңɽĶǱҪп̫ˣҵȷȻһ𣬵ʱǸΪս
СӦòˣĻ׿˶٣Ȼ㲻׼ңҵʱ򻹵ָ׼Ұһ°
֪ˣɽԲô򵥣
ɵһŭʬ
ǾȲЩν龳ǿܹġ
ɽ磬׾ʹǿһӱ˺ܶ࣬ܶΣգ
ܹﵽɵ۵ĲΣô׵飿
ɽô꣬ҲûдﵽȲΣ
Ȼ˵׵õ˲Сɽ֮Уϵķǡ
ÿʱÿ̶ҫյ䣬ҲΪʲô֣µһԭ
濴׳׼ңȻҪȥġԲʱ򣬼ҷɽ磬ڻȥҲ·һ
̫ˣ׼ҿѾǱ˵Ȩˣ
˭ֻԸȨøһոշɽأ
ԼĻҲնɱˣ
鿴ЦŵҸʦӦǲֿˣһټʱ򣬿¶֪Ƕˡ
ϣɿҫɽ磬ʱһϢҶȻһʱϵ
Ҳ¶һ˿Цݵ
ʦ磬ɽɽȥɽ磬ʱϸĸ˵˵ɣڵĵһҪǶɽ٣ɽٶʧܵĻһ˵Ҳûˣ
˵Ҳֱӵĺܣ
ͷɽټɣѾﵽ˶ɽٷĲΣʱԷΪǰȥ̽̽·ɣϣǿԷͬһطʱһݺɽ磡
Ϊ˵ǹɵ۵ǻڣ
ֻҲ֪ȥɽΣտǱȵԼɽʱҪĶˣ
׿棬ĿҲǴһ˿ᶨ˵棬һɽģʱǰԵ
ͷҲû̫ķϻ
䣡
һɱǿѾ̫幬ӿ
һɹ֮ƣ˳ž̫幬Ͽպȥ
֮䣬Ѿһͳ
ԶһɫƲƮȻ
̧ͷ˿Ҳ¶һ˿οɽ٣Ǿ춯ذ




1683ɽ
 

ɽ٣
һھ̫幬ɽ٣Ҷ֮
ʵϣذδˣʵ׶һ˿ɻ
Ǿ׵ȷǷǳܹﵽɽ֮ڣǻһ˿Ļ̬ȣ
ϾǶûпߵܹɽ٣
Ȼ˵ǷǳɣɶΪۼΪʵ
һɫĽƮȻ̫幬Ǻѹһ㣬һ޷Ϣĸо
״˿Ҳüͷ΢΢ȻƸ֮ǰЩƲһ
ಣ
ذδѾһε׵ĸǰ֮ǶɫƴĿֲѹҲһĺȻ
⡭Ҫɽ٣
ذδдһĨ֮ɫ˵Щˡ
ΪоǽƵĿֲɢ֮ٵʱƺҲûȵѹ֣
ذδǶɹٵģٵʱƺһʼоǳɣ
һֱоЩֲֻ٣ƺû濪ʼʱ㺧ˣ
ײδذδ뿴ȥĵͷ
䣡
Զ֮һɫѾǱϮ£
ǵƺҪһ㣬Ȼصѹ˸оһĿֲ

ոջ䣬յɫҲΪ֮һ䣡
ÿĽװ
ذδĿɿڴĿһУΪÿһν׵ļһ㶼һҵʱ䣡
ƺЩ찡ϣ
һ֮ף˿ǵƺһ˿ɫʣ
ʽƣҵ찡
ذδˣʽ֪ģ˵ʵɽһ㶼ǴͬС죡
ܹﵽʽƵĲΣ˵Ѿ൱ţˣ
ǺǣذС֣ʽƾԲյ㡭΢΢ҡͷ
ʽƣ
ǸոտʼһζɽٿҪ춯ˣ
һ뵽ߣҲһĿЦ
Լʱɽ٣¶ҲСϾԼѾѪΪˮǵػߣ
ǵǣԼѾӵһ˿֮򣬵ʱԼǶɽٻǶأ
ֻܹ˦˦ͷΪǶʲô٣ѾܹƵˣ
⡭Ѳ滹Ҫ٣
ذδһĲٵĻ˵ĳˣ
߲˵еľŲ٣Ǽǲֵܳģ
Ҫ׸߲ŲٶѾֹĻͲôˡ
Ľ׹£
̫幬Ѿĩһ㣬µλ̫幬ĵһǵսľ
⡭Ƕɽ𣿺ÿֲ
û뵽澹Ȼɽˣ֮ǰкܶ˶ɽ٣İ
ҵ찡ݼأǿǺţĴڰ
ǰѰ֮˱˵٣ɫٿ¶Ѷɹȥ
ȥֿʼɫˣʡԣ߲ʣҵ찡߲٣
̫幬ĳЩһŵĿգ
ҲûôĵǣϾٲ˼޹
ٹ󣬽ƺЩŭĸо
ֱ̽ȡһĽٸɢˣһĻŭ٣
˿̵浹Ե÷ǳɣ
ذδʱ涼ܹȥһˣĿɿڴĿǰһĻԼδĶɽٶһ˿ģ
߲٣ֲ˹
֮ϣһٲһ׳·ʱҪһ㣡
Цһһ˿ĳףҲԳƵˣ
䣡
׽䣬·Ҫһ㣡
һ̣˶ˣ
澹ȻתŲĽ߲ٵĽ׸Լ˫֮䡣
Ȼ׵ڣ
״˿̿ǰһĻҲĿɿڴȫһƬž
ԭӦϵǵףƺһ̱סˣ
ˣ
ƺһ֮˿һֲѹѾϮ
һΣɫһ˿أ
Ų٣ȥ
涼Щ̲סҪˣû뵽ԼȻܹеľŲ٣
Ǹǻ
׿֮ĽƣҲ΢΢ЦһȻǾŲ٣
ʵϣһʼ;ٿҪѰǲ¶ˣ
ϾǿɵۼǿתȾŲҲǶһϿɰɣ
ϸ룡
ǵŲѾǳķඥһ㣬
׵ܧûֻѾǱһ
ȴҲǳصģԭƵǵ߲ҲǳŽƵķ˹ȥ
¡¡
֮Уһ׵֮֯ɣѾǱϡãһ˿ս֮ζ
˾ǱһѾǲʡˣ
һƺﳤȥ·ûһ㣡
˸оһɣֻȿ˸Ķɽ٣һĿѣ
û°ɣ
ذδѾǸܲϢˣҲΪǵʵ
˵Ŀⶼ棬ܶ˾ѾǱ׸ˣ




1684¶ɽٳɹ
 

ž
̫֮幬Ѿѻȸ
˵ĿⶼǽĶ棬Ϊǲ֪һ
һã֮ʣ
֮һתƳдһ˿Ʈ죡
٣
Ƕɽٷǳı־ԶһŲƮȻ
ʵľͷһ崺һѾǰסȫ
ģ̥һ㣬ɢһɼΪǿƣ
Ͷ֮䣬һ˿صϢ
ˣ
ˣ
Լ˫ۣ¶һ˿Цݣδ˵
˿̣ǶŲʽѾ滺ʧ˵ǰ
˻δӦѾʧʣ·ûгֹһ㣡
ҪǾ̫幬֮ϲŵһ˿ζ˭Ҳ֪طո˳ɹĶɽٷˣ
鿴ӣҲ΢΢Ȼɣ
׿һԵһͷȻǿ
ɣ˵ɢ֮ٲܹﵽɵĲ𣿡
ذδ뿴ףҲ˵Щģֻû뵽ۼ֤һλͨ߳Ϊ˽ɣ
ѾЩ߸֮ǰ˵ˣ
鿴ذδ΢΢һЦΪɵҲûʲôֵģɽٳɹҲɼġٿɲĲҪɲһˣ
׹ô꣬Ҳûпʲôر𰡣û뵽ĶɽپȻ˵ĺˣ
ذδǺ⣬ֻ֪ʱ׹ѾǸ׹ˣ
¶һ˿Цݵɽ٣ڴɽ磬ĺ
Ȼ֪ɽ裬ȴ쳣ڴ
Ҫ֪׽һͨ˶ѣܹл磬˵Ǽٵģ
بǰĻһ⣬ǾԼ٣
٣ײҲ֪Լٿײȥ
ɽټ򵥣Ϊ汾ɵۼǿߣټ׵ڰ
ʵϣɽٵʱǾǷǳĺ˵ģ
ǰɽŪһһ㣬ҪľŲʽ˿һ˿ĵǵĻľ͸һˡ
ŲʽƣӦʷɵһζɽٷˡ
ذδҲ¶һ˿ĵɽ٣ҶԼɢ֮ƺҲûôľ˰
ΪͬĿذδ룬û˵
ɽɣɲһɽپɰ
˵ʵһ˶٣˲֪ٻˡ
׿ذδЦŵڤڤ֮עֺαӹأǱУǿʵӭ٣Ƕأ
лָ㣡
ذδףҲΪĹ֮ǰҪܶˣ
˼ţ
˷һ¾͸ôĶذδ붼ʼڴ׷ʱĳˣ
Ҳãÿһ˷ܹôĶģ
ҪҲȳĻǾʷϵ״ˣ
ɽ٣̫幬Ȼ󲨣
ܶӿȳ֮󣬶Ѿʼܷͼǿ
˿̵Ѿǽ֮УʼԼУ
ʱۣ
ǵڶʵϣ˵һʵûжѶȣ
Ҳû뵽׾Ȼ˵ܹ龳֮ʱܹó֮ȳɱУ
ɽ磬ҲǺܹ˵ţ棡
ԽǿԺ϶ԽΪ
ת˲ţ
֮УҲԼʵһĽԭѾǴﵽ龳ڵĲΣ
Ѿһ׼ֻȳӭԼˣ
鵹ǲö٣ʵҲǲϵţֻû̫Ǵﵽ˵ĲҲ޼µģ
ڰѹŹһѣ
֪ԼӻѾͷˡ
Ȼˣлģ
ԭЩˣ϶ѾǷɽˣԼЩҲѾ֮·
Ȼ·ôĺߣɹ򲻸˲ǣ
˵ټʱ򡭡
һ֪̾޲ɢ֮ϯֻܹڴδˡ
ȻĲᣬ֪ԼԼʹ
ʰԼ飬Լ֮ϺԼĸķ˹ȥ
ʱһ𣬲֪ʱ
δǶˣÿһо쳣ĸӣ
ֻǣԵվҪԵģ




1685
 

ڣ
׿ڱչˣЩ̴ţ
Ŀ˼죬ϣԶһᣬ¶һҲǺõģ
ʱ
ԼҲ˵׼δļʮͿֻǧ֮󶼲
֪ԼľǷȷ֪ԼԲܹעȫѹɽ磡
磬ԼļҲܹõһƽ
磬ѾԼ֮֪Լĸĸ߲̫Ŀѣ
ɵɽأһжδ֪
ѱѹ棬뿴ԼΪԼȫξ
ʦ磬;ǧһʱˡ
˿֮Ҳһļ׶ɽ٣ʵϱ׻Ҫ
һ죬»صɽˣ
صϤĵط
׿΢΢ͷǰɣ
һ̾
׵˼·ص˴ǰ֮ǰܣѾһһĸǰ
ЩĹξһ㣡
ף㡭Ҫ𣿡
֪Լ˻Ҫ뿪ˣ˿̵Ѿ涵վߣ
׵ĸĸԼļ˾ôףеĲҲԱ
׿΢΢һЦֻǰȥɽ̽̽·ѣҺˣģ
СװЩҲǼֲˣȻһʱỹԽܣִ󺣿ףҲ΢΢һ̾
ΪһͨͨˣȻЩʵԽܣ
ǻǽʵȷЩ̫˼
ԭΪЩǼٵģɽҲǽʵ
ִ󺣵Ҳһˣǻ˽ʮʱ䣬˽磡
ҪһĵָĻǻĺ⣡
Խ˽֮Խ֪׵ĲףվԼĺӣ
׿ִЦŵ裬ǾͰĵĴھ̫幬оͺˣȶӰǵģ
ο
˵ĻҲֻǰοˣȻ˵һģ
ɴȥɽ磬Լ֪ǻҲֻܹοԼ˺ϵˡ
Ͽףһ˵׵Ļеףһչ˺ü˵ģǧҪԼ
΢΢һЦıϵСϣʵҲǲˣʲôΣգһҪúõıԼöָкܶ൤ҩȥɣ
ҡҲҪ㲻𣿡ϵǵ˵
΢΢ֵǺǣȥɽ磬ЩĶҲòˣҲѾذˣʱȥѧԺְͺˣЩԺ϶õŵģ
ָ棬ĵҩ
˵ڵϾһżˣֻʱЩأ
ΨһΣ׵ʱܹ
ȻҲ˽ˣһɽǲܵˡ
ɲ֪ΪʲôһĪΣ
Щ飬ȻҲ˵ʱĿԻԵһϲɣ
û̫ģĻ֮û̫ˣ
οһεĶɽҲδ
˭˵ɽپһɹģʵϣһ٣׵ҲǷǳģ
֮һֱɣԼٿ²ôļ򵥣
δһжδ֪
ĵͷףһҪ
һ
صͷһһǰԼӵš
⽫
ֻ⽫ոµĿʼ
Σ׶ҪδܷһУ֪Լش
ɽ磬ôڵԼ֪һǿĳڵȴԼ
鿴׵ӵʦ磬ɽ֮ʱľһҪȹ̣ҿ
Сף£Ѷϣȥɣ
ִȻֻһͨˣӴʱҲࡣ
ΪһףȴԼְ
ԼĲᣬɿĳпܻӰԼӶɽٵʱʹ¾ĵ˵
׿˵ˣ衢Сϣȳȥɣúñأ
ҲҪúñذ
ҲǵͷȻжǳŨŨĲ֮飬ǳʵ
һᣬ˶Ƶ˾̫幬Ĵ֮ϡ
˿ֻʣ׺ˡ
һı˫Ȼϥ
ľ
ҪľǵԼľӭӼ٣
̫幬
ذδڴ֮ϣѾˣҲǵϵķ˹ȥ
ˣѾ׼ˣ
ذδʵѾһжˣֻҪ֤һ£
ϴ˿滨꣬ذδĵͷذŵȫ˵֮ɡ
ϻδ֮ʣһӰѾƮ֮ϣ
ʤѩ
ףһ̣ԼҪһ




1686¿ֲ
 

̫幬
˿ذδΧѾǳӰŵ̫ϳϼ̫幬Ѿµʱ䣡
Դһɽٷ֮󣬺ܶ˶ڴ̫̽幬Ϣ
˵ҲʱЩ˾ʹסھ̫幬ˡ
һϵĹܶŶѪΪˣΪ˾̫幬ӵã
ذδҲǲòЩ˵ӣ
ΨһʵҪɽ٣
ذδûа취׵ô̫ϳϣҲûκεİ취
գҲֻܹͬЩ˵Ĺˣ
׶ɽ٣ѾΪʢ䣬Ȼܶ˲֪ʲôʱɽ٣
ѾɹİǰȻҲڲԶĽҪˣ
Ҫ֪ǿǴɱķ
ʵѾǹھȺۣ
֮ǰսʤذδѾһΪ֮ڱȻ
ҲֻӵЩ˿Ҫȵĵˣ
ӵҲǺķ˰ʱ⣬ȹԼľ磬ﵽ˷ɽĲΣ
ȻˣҲΪѪԵʣĵѾѶҲǿ֪ˣ
װȻھ̫幬ۣ֮
һ˷ð̫̫ǿߣذδҲһεĿף
˿̵ﻹʱȥѯЩأ
һ˼ľڵȴż٣
˿̣֮ѾǷͻ䣡
Ųʽƣ
ѾǻĴ֮ƮȻ
ŲʽһѾ̫幬ЩѾǾ˵ˣ
⡭һǾŲʽƣ
ȥʷҲûгֹ׳۵ĳɣ
ҵѽȻڲͬƲǷ˰ɣһģ
ӿȶˣ治֪ôŵסģ
׶ɽٵǰһĿɿڴһǾŲʽƣҪĽ
Ҫ֪ų˾ŲʽƣһʼҲͨĽƶѰ
ŲʽƵĳ֣˶ǵһ
˿̣˽ŵĿ֮ϵףΪһѺ
߶ɽ٣
ʢ磬ʱߵļ֮ļѾûˡ
ΪܶɽٳɹʧܣʵϸǶû̫Ĺϵˡ
ҪǣÿһζɽٶһѧϰĻᣡ
Ҫ׵Ķɽ֮мȡ飬ʱȻҲ˵ʲôˡ
ذδߣϿ֮ʺѤĽƣһֲ׳ƣ
ɵЩһʱСɷɷ׵ˣ
ذ⡭ƺ𣿡
ȻҲ֪ô£ϾӴʱǳĶ̣һûи˽
ЩһһէģҲŵæʵ
ذδ붼֪Ӧôشˣʵ֪Ϊʲôһʼ˵ͣ
Ųʽư
Ǽֱûл·Ľడ
ذδһϵƣ֮һ˵ĽҪһЩϾǳ˿ɱȣһЩҲǿģ
Ȼô˵ذδҲһֻڶʵĲ˼ˣ

ܲɫʰ쵣
̧ͷ˿֮ʨŭĽƣҲüͷ壬ٴУ
֮䣬һ֮΢΢
أ˵ĶдԪҲʼϵĹ
̫幬ʱ·һεƸѹĴ
һЩ龳ĸ֣Ҳоһ˿Ũصѹ֡
֮ϣ
װ죬ֶ
ɣҳŲʽƵʲô֮ͬ
׵Ļһｭɽ˭ζ档
ĶǰĽƣһ̣ǾŲʽһ㣡

һɽһ׳ľŲѾעˮкһ㣡
ٶȣ龳ǿ߶׽
ʵ̫ˣ
¡¡
֮һŲ˵
ҫ۵ĹâһЩʵ΢ѾڵסԼ۾ΪǾŲʹʵ̫һЩ
գһ۾Ĺ򣬾̫幬屻Ŀɣ
ţ˲䱻ĥƽ·ûһ㣡
һǳɣ
ûκһ˿ˮ
ȿֲΧȺϵȥ˵жԿóһĨ޾𺳣

ױ֮£
û˸ҿƣΪһþ꼰㰡
Ųʽƣֲ˹
˿еĻ˲ͻᱻŲѹˣ
˶ڵ
һ̣
˭Ҳ֪׵




1687ֽ
 

棡
һ޴ѾǸ˵ĸǰ
֮£ڶһƬ
ذδԭҪʶȥ̽飬ʶոսӽƵͱ˲ˣ
ۣ
ذδѪɫҲһɷף
ÿֲķɡ
ذδû뵽ƾȻ˵ųԼĿ̽Ȼ˵ľˣ
ذû°ɣִ֡û°
ϿذδˣҲǹһ£
Ըܵĳذδ˲޴󰭣Ѿû˶
һ׵ĸĸ˶ǿǰһУĶˣ
ǸЩ֪Ӧȥѯʣ
ϻܹסѵͷԣܹذδ룡
ǽһϯһ͸
ذδ΢΢ҡͷҡҸܲϢ
һߣϢܲˣذδȳ־Ȼܲ׵Ϣֱ͸һ㣡
Щʧǵľ׼ȥһӾͱذδסˣ
ذδַˣ򲻿ɣһεٲͬգֵúܣҪʶȥ̽飬ȴˣ̸鲻
һԵԭҲҪʶ̽һ׵ɿذδ붼ˣֱӱˣ
Ҫ֪ذδʵĿõģ
ذѾˣ˻ʲô˼룿
һֻܹʵʵ׵ǲǻˣ
ӵʱ䣬·ǹһ
Ҫ֪ʷϼأ
Ƽʱһ㶼һڣĿǰλûûгһӵģ
˵ƵļʱԽ̣˵ƵҲԽ
һǾŲʽƣѲֱ٣Ȼûˣ
ĻҪôɢȥҪô٣
ƻղδɢȥ˸оһֲϢϮ
ȴֲ֪ӵʱ䶼û̫Ķ
⵽ô£û˶Ҳû˿ö
׶༪˰ŲʽƸо˵һûл֮
Ȼҵûм˵һɿ˵һҲ˰ɣ
Ǳ簡һǾŲʽƣǶɽûп
۾ͱ˵˰ɣһҪҵȶɽǿ³֪ҪҶٱ
µȻ΢΢̾ϢѾ𾪵Ըˣ
ŲʽƣǿҲֻܹ˰
˿̣֮У
׵·ѾǱϡã˴ϵҲ͸һӵĽζ
ȥ쳣Ĳң
ľŲʽƻǺᰡҪǸ˿ף¶û취վˣ
׿ԼѾǲƲ˿ףҲ΢΢һ̾
кöãǾ˷˰
Ȼʧ˿ףⶫҲΪ׵˺ܶĹ
ŲʽȻξ𣬿Ҳòȥˣ
׳ջһ·һԼĺһεĳտȥ
ֻʱЩ֣
Ϊʲôƺûжˣ
ʦ磬ɵС˰ڱأ
׵ԺдŵҲǻһ顣
Уô֪׿ʵ
Լɡ
ԭƺ׼˵ЩʲôģʱѾҪˣ
֮УԭľŲʽѾǽıû谵
ŲʺһƱ쳣ϣ
ְղŻŲʽأֱɫˣ
ǰѶϵ½ģһǵһο
Ӧû°ҪȻƲһεļģӦǸܵţ
ǰɽ֮˲û֮ǰǲɢȥģ
̫幬һλɽٷǿҪ˰
µ˿ѶϵˣһҲЦ
ֻͬ
˿˿׽üͷӵĻǿ¾Цˣ
ಣ
׵Ӱһεĳһɽ֮ϡ
֣̫幬˿ѾɽХ
׵齥ɳһ˿ȻЦݿԿóţ
һһɽ֮ϣ
δʣ
һǿĽѾɢΧ۵˸һϵϣ

һȣ˽δĿ߶ʲô˿׵ΧѾǳһĽɫռ䣡
ɫռ·ռϵ֮⣬˿һĿɿڴ
԰ڣʵΪΪɽ֮ˣѾǸŽǿֲı仯
һǾŲ٣һεʲô
׵֮һ˿˿ڴҪƵжôţ棿




1688¿ֲƻ
 

֮У
һĨ˱ɫһ
·ס
׵Ľɫռһֵʱǵƺܵһ˿һ㣡
ȻλȳҲһı
ƺˣ
ֱǲ飬Ǳ½ƣʲôʱƺ¹ɽ֮ˣ
ʵϣⲻ˵һֲ²ѣΪһ£Ƶλǲᶯģ
һΣƾȻˣ
¹ۿҲһľƺû飡
еĹɣƺһ̶׸ˣ
ƱþȻ״ˣȥô˼
²֪˭һ˵ĿⶼǽضǰĽƣ
ƾȻ̬ˣһı
ƾǱ˸ٿһ㣬Ȼ֪̬
ģǶɫĽƿʼ

ƻ
˶ס˺ƻʲô׳ĳ
¶ɽٵף˿̶Щ±ˣ
˸ۣʲô
׿ŽƾȻûһɫ֮צҲǸоһ˿Ĳ
ʦ磬ǽƻҪСˣ
Щ٣׿Եһ˿Ľţ
ƻʲô⣿
׿֮еɫҲһĪȻӿȥЩˡ
ѹҲûиоκεѹ
ƻеٰǽƸܵΣ֮ʶ̬⡭֮Ѿ̺һ˿
дһ˿Ŀ־壬κζйϵɽ飡
οأ
ҲǵΧ֮˲ʶѣĻǵ°Ϳ¶Ҫˣ
Ҳʿˮе٣ʶ̬̺
һȥƺôţư
οߵЧһأѲǽƵǿ̬
һڵôͷ𣿡
ʦ磬ȻҲϣһˣεʼ磬⵹Ҳһλᣡ
᣿ʲô᣿׿ʵ
ʦ磬֮Χʵ̫СˣһλԴһ֮һٶɹʱôȻҲģ
˿̽ŵĿգȴ˼ӣ
׺޲ýŪСӣû˵Сڲ˵һ˵Ļᶼûˣ
ٺһЦʦ磬ԭΪɽһ˵飬ڿʦֵֵʱ˰
֣üʵ
һȻƻҲܹ˵ĳλǿɽٵʱƻӲĽԼıȻҲ˰
Ⱥ£׺ٺһЦǸǻǻ㲻պͻǲģ
Ҳ΢΢ͷŽһȵϻƣֵǳˣ

һͬΪɫı˵ǰԽԽ
˿չʾ磬һγ磬ҲΨһһγ׻Ƶˣ
һһһ
֮趯ƺûκεη֮ɫ
ȥǴİôţ棿
ģ˼öడȥƺǼƷ
Ʒҿпǰ˰ɣ
ǰƻҵȻδǲ֪Ľʲô
ɣþ͸һǾŲʽ˵һһ漣˰
֮Уһľ֮̾˷
֧׵ģҲп˥׵ģ
ô˵¶ܹƵסˣ

һ쳹ʣ
ŵЩԭ˵˶ǽıԼͣ
Ѿƶֱܹ̫һЩ
ԪʼһĹĵ֮ɫ죡
ĪҪźã
׷һЦеĽҲѾƴ
ݣ
նɽһ𣡣
նʽһ˿ѾǺХ
׵ĿֻһǾŵĽƣ
ûᣡ
׵Ӷˣ˻һӰʧ֮УеĽѾɫƻûɵƿնȥ
֮ϣϽɫ˲佻֯һ漴һҵײѾǴ˳
䣡
ֱӱɫײ˳ȥʧʣ
ţһ޴ĽӰҪռ룡
նɽӰ࣬Ľĳɫƽɱȥ
򣬲ľ
⣬Ҳ
һһգ֮Ѿǿٵķֿ
ס֮ʱǽȴѾķѿԭ֮гֳһɫĽƣɢ֮⣡
㻹Ųţ
ֻǾ¶һ˿Ц֮ʣԭķѵĽȴ׵ķѸٺ£ֱӽ׸סˣ
һ飬ΣҲĿɿڴҪԱ




1689ɽٸȥٽ٣
 

̫幬ɽ֮ϣ
ԭΪѾն˽ƣɽٳɹΪʷϵһĴ棡
ɾʱ򣬷ͻ䣡
ǽƾǴСǿһ㣬ڹʲôǿ
ҲǣôױնƵĻҲˣ
֮У
ʱһԭӦҪֵȴδԼ
䣬ԡűưף
ⶼУ
Ҳһƣ⵽ʲôɽٵ׳ɹûгɹأ
˿Ҳܲôˣ֮мɱĺûᣡ
ֱӴ뵽˽Ƶ·Ŷɽ֮
ǲɶúûᣡ
ɲԸΪ΢Сᣡ
Ҫ֪ҪĳΪΪ򵥵ˡ
һȥȶٵأ
Ҳףɽ֮ԡ˶ᣡ
ֻĽΣԼҲ֪
֮ϣ
ƺǣǱưסף˿Ҳ崺ϴӣ
һһ⣡
׺鶼ڽٹɱ䣡
һĹԭԡʧ
Χ۵˼ͬʱһ
ֻǽƺھףͲ֪ʲô˼ˣ
ۣ
֮е˿̹âȥԭɫֱʣ
׶ɽ֮ԡΪ֣Գ֮ΪԴ֮ȻЧõġ
˵֪ҪƽʱԼҪöٱ
ȻΪ˿̿ʼɱˣ

Ƕε鰡˿ҲǼ֣
ԭΪ׳ȵƺˣҪˣ
ĻԺԼΪ飬ֺ͵λɾͲһˡ
ʱʱ䷨Ϳռ䷨ҲһĪİ
ֻҪΪô򵥵һ飿
ڴ˿̣Ѿ٣
һĿɿڴɽ٣Ļû˵
Ҫ֪绹ûгֹɽٵĴţ˵ֻĳΪʱŻɽ١
һ˵ܹΪѾʮ˵ˣΪǲܵ顣
һ˿صϢ̫幬
ϤĳϤζ
ֻԭ׵ɫƣʲôһ㣬ֱӵɢ
ȥô˼ֶɽ٣
ǿ˰ղǽƺǱܵĸо
ǧţǧŰһôãʷ飬δй澰
Ѳɾǽн٣Ҳ̫˰ɣղ٣˾Ƕɽٳɹı־
һ±ƣܹԳ֮
ݣ
˲ʧ˵ĸǰڽɫĽȴһε׵ͷ֮ϣ
״˿ҲһĿЦͲڶɽ٣һڶɽٰ
һղһֺǺǵԼɽ֮ͷŵѾɱ
ɲٵϴ񣬾ôܹ֮Ϊأ
һҪɽٵʱľȻĻصԼϣ
ҪԼĽడ
С飬һʲôҪҰ
׶ڵҲһŭһҲ̫ص˰
Լոնɽٳɹûüζأ
Ȼһε٣ȻƺȥȽϵº͡
֪Ȼ٣ǾԲģ
ʦ磬ɲܹҰҸղҲǾһûпɫƻûҪͬھǼһҪԱ
鿴ףȻû˵ɸղһ̣Լܵѹ
ֻǽƱٸˣ
׷ŭһڵ˼ҶɸٶǰȵģӶɽôԱ޻̸֮ǲذ
˵ʲôˣʦ磬ֲ̫˰
ЩΡΡ˵ܹΪ֮ɫĶǵ֮ˣ
Ҫ֪ٸһëǮĹϵ
һֲٵĸоС鵽׻ǸԼһ
ɸɽٸøػһ㣬ٻ
ɽٶٸˣǽһư
㱳Թᣡ
״˿ֻӲͷƤ֮ǽЩֲ٣
̾һʦ簡ҲµòĻΪϵѪٵע⣬ҪɽˣĻأδ˵ٵģ֮ǰ˵ǸƺҲֻǸʱԼ˰
ˣ̶ȣҪ˿ǲˣ
дŨŨս⣬ǰĻᰡ
˫У
˳ϲ۰
ٽ٣ع
Զؽ紦һɵ̫幬
ɽٲͬǣٸΪĴ⣡
ڽɫĽƺδ׷У᲻һ˿Ȥĸо




1690¹ʧ
 

̫幬֮ϣ
һڽƺһжƿ֮У
˿ֱղŵɽٲܱȰ
»࣡

һɫĹâ˵֮ͫУ
ڽֱӳ׵ķȥϸ緢˿˶оһС
䣡
ĺֱ׵ըѿ
ΪɽסٵʱȴѾص˳ȥ
ײʮɽ֮
ձǧ֮ɽ֮У
ۡ
пѪʱɫҲɷޱȣ
һĿɿڴ
һ֮ȻȸղǾŲʽƻҪţ˶ڵ
ȥûɣ⡭ʲô⣿
⡭ղǾŲʽƸܱȰɡ
ǲղˣԲŻ
ˣҲһϸȵٸŪ˰ɣ
йŹ֣ҸоƺȸղŵĲҿȥΪɰ
Щ˶±ˣ֮ǰѾ޷ˣ͸ӵûа취ˣ
ǳ˿ܹɶأ
״ͱ֮ղһѾǸܵǹӴ
֪һҪΪһ˾󲿷ֵĻԼͱٸѹˣ
˿̵ƺҲòȥ˵ѾЩˣ
ʦ磬֡ҵǶɲ˰ȿȿȡ
ڣ鲻ϵĿţѪҲ˵Ĳᣡ
ղһٰٷ֮ʮĴ
˿̿ȥЩƲ
صĻͱ֮׸ˣ
ֻ˲ٷ֮ʮҲ׳Ծ˿ͷ
͸һӵľǿ
Ѿ̶ȣ˾ûõģ
ϣӢ۱ɫ
䣡
׵һεĳһֺĽӰ
Ӱʶ
áƮ죡
նʽ ֻأ
׵˲䱬ﵽ˶㣬Ѿûκε·
䱻裬ƴһ
նʽ׵ǿɱУҲĻˡ
ʦ磬㡭˰
鿴׾Ȼ٣оԼӶˡ
ԶǵƺҲͣסˣ
ӣǳʲôһ㣡
Ĭǵ޴ĽӰڲϵ죬·Ҫһ㣡
һɱϢѸٵ׵ǰӿ
ˣ
նɽһ֮ײĳֹ˵˷ܣ
ֻһһֻأ
̫幬ƺϢȾ˶һĪ֮У԰Σ
һ˲·
һ˲·׺ɣ
һɻɬϢĴ׵ð˳һ˲䣬ոձԡ֮зͿһ㣡
Ǽᶨ־´˿̵׶Ѿ֧Ųסˣ
֮䣬ĽӰסٽƺҲû뵽һȻ֮
նɽһ
˿Ѿٽƽ֯һ
ʱһ׳ڽͬʱ
ۣ
һ˲䣬ƺ
˶ǶǱߣǺȻ䷢֣ǽʧˣ׺ʲôĶѾʧˣ
죡
ʵ̫ˣ
ղŻ٣Ͷɽ֮һʧ˵ǰ
ִ硭
ϿԶʧף̲סĿ˳˺ѷεĽк̫幬
˿ʼѰ׵䣬ȴûκټ
̫幬ѾǱ˸飬ûѰҳһ˿йصϢ
ƾʧˣ
ȻһʧˣѲ⻹ͬھ
ִ󺣵˵ѾԼĶӲӰǵҲһı
׵ǻ˭Ҳ֪
ɽٵûɹأ˾͸ӵĲ֪ˡ
Ϊûһɽٵı׼
׵һζɽӦǳɹˣϾ١ǳɹı־
ɺͲˣΪеĶ֮ɢˣ
û˿ԽһεĶɽٵô£
·һиûзһ㣬Ҫ鵽ô£
ذδ뿴ϣ࣬һţѾɽҲ˵أ
仰˵ذδԼоЩˣ
Ͽذδ룬дһ˿ᶨذִ絽ôѾǱУȡշҪȥɽѰִ硭
ذδ̾һҵȶҪץ˰
̫幬ȺѾɢȥ
ŵ׶ɽٵĴ˵Ѿֻ̫̫İ汾翪ʼˣ
˿̵׵

ѾΪһˣ




1691ɽ硢ף
 

ɽ磬
λɽ࣬嫵ɽ֮Уֻǲ׺һ
ɽ磬ȼʮֵȷɹš塢
ҲǴ۸ӣ
ɽ֮УȺսÿʱÿ̶
塢塢ħ塢ʹ塢壡
Ҳǻãγɽ֮ΪӴ
Ⱥʵ൱Ҳɽγ˼ݵľ棬ÿһǻӡ
ɹɽĻ
ɹַΪʥʳ۳ȼ
ССϺףҲγɽȨܹ
شɽ綫½࣬½ȴҲĴɵۣ
ֱΪϱķɵۣ
ķɵʵȺƿ½ȴϵһֱզΣ
Ϊش࣬ʵϾɶ۳ƹܡ
ɭϵĵȼƶôڶ۳ĵλʮֵĵ£ĩ
ɽ磬κҪȥǾͱҪӵʵƸ͵λ
ֻõԴŻԽ࣡
Ҳֻܹͷأһ۷壡
ʵ˵ףκҪκε飬ջҪʵ˵
һλɵۼٴǻʲôƷΣƿУҲҪɵ۵Ľ£
˵ַǳȷֻҪʵ㹻Щǿߵжõģ
Գǣ
Գǵһ壬Իϼ壡
ϼڴһеȼ壡
ϼ峤ֳϼͷˣ
ֳΪƷɹ٣ΪݾڽԳطȴҲһЩλġ
ΪֳԳǵĸָʹƿŽԳǵŵķ
ϼ壬ռ޴
ӵӴĴȣͲֵһˣ
ȻˣɽһЩʵȺļ壬ҪһһʥռҪܶ࣡
׸磬ô͵
Ǵ˿׻ǿڴ˵ĻǶȻİ
Ϊǰļһ޵ľ̫幬
׿ǰСɰãҲ΢΢һ̾
ʱҲҲ
ͷ飬ʵǲ֪ӦôͲźˡ
棡
׵ãһﾹȻɽѾˣԼˣ
ҿû͵ôпܸ˰Цʵ
濴׺ٺһЦĸ״˵һḸ״Ҫ峤˻ˣ˵һαʹ˲ٵʯأ
һ뵽Լϵһ
Ǹһı
Լͬھĳ棬ǵٹԼš
ļǵõʱԼһͬʧɹĶɽ٣Լնɽմ˹⣬Ϊ˰
ԼǶʱͿռ䷨ǰٳ߸ͷһ
ɾΪԼٵʱȴԼնٵֻһȻԼˣ
ֻһȻԼֻˣּҵһԱ
˵Ҳɣ֮ǰǸ֮˸ԼྐྵȻҲһޣ
ֻԼ֮ʱ֮ǰ׵ǸһﱻֱӸŪʧˡ
Ҳп˵Ѿˣ
Լֱ֮ϣԼʵ·˷ӡһ㣬ûκεķӦ
ԭǴԼʵָһЩ뿪ʲôּҵġ
˼ദ֮ҲǰﵱԼļң
ȻûѪԵϵһֻؾȻӦԵֵģ
΢΢һЦǸðҪʯأ
濴׿Цһ磬ҪôʯʲôôˣʵͣڵĲΣҶɽأ
ʵɽУҲôĿʼ
ûֱӾ˵ģֻɽлһٸоʮŸܹɡ
ЩɽȻƣ
׿棬ȻҪΪˣҲ΢΢һ̾
׿Ƶ˵ҲҪļʯ
ðɣһҵҲ㣬һҲνģһЦ
׿棬¶һ˿ЦݵԺŪܶܶʯô
Ǹ˵İּҲֻ峤˲ӵһҪⱲһĻҾ֪ˣ
һᵽҲǼ
Ȼ֪׸ԸԼ˵Ļ
ʵϣϼ廹һţַ
ʮˣڵĲΣֱһЦ
ΪԳЦˣ
Ҫ֪ϼȻǺż壬ڽԳҲСģڳô˭Цأ
ҲΪʲô׺ٳȥ˴򽻵һԭΪûʵ
ϰΪǿߵףķǳı




1692ַ
 

񼸺ʵȫޣ׸ˣ
֪ҪͨԼԿԸоõ֮ڲϵɱ䣡
ԡʵĸı䣡
ֻʱЩļӳһ߻ֻҪܹŴĻһӭжˣ
ҪĴǱҪӵһ
״˿ּҵʯʵ̫̫ˣ˵ʯҲ࣡
ʱ䣬׶νĴҲһ˽⣡
ڶ֪Լ֮󣬵״ﵽһʲôĲΣ
һлҪȵʵָܹ֪֮
ֻҪɱɣһо֪ˣ
Ĵ׳ϼĴȥ
һ·ϣһԲ
һδսֳҲ˲СĹף˲ŵõ˴ıʹͣ
ֳȻ׵ıϵһεսҲս׿
֮У
׵ĵһĺЦ
Ӵַôпչ˰Ǳͻ˰һΪһμ㣬Ѿڵǿأ
׵ĸǰһײѾס׵ȥ·
ΪŰ裬Χͬʮּҵӵܣȥĸ࣡
˽ֻϼ峤ֳĶӣ
ĬûʵȻҲûƢ
һּúǰĵǶã
⼸һֱ̲Ҳ൱ĵ͵
ǷԺǧŰʡּұԳǵĴЦ
ֻף¶һ˿мЦݣֹɢĳǸ˶ܲˣ
濴Լĸ类裬ҲǺСֻ׼۸Ҹ磡
ӴӴӴڶԼóͷǲǸ˰
ֻЩ޼ɵ˵׶һﲻô˽⣬ɾʹ⼸仰ѾǷǳĲˬˣ
׿̣ƺѾΪϼһʱУ
˭Ҫǲ׼仰Ļǻǲܵ飡
Ҳϰ׵һԲ֪ĻΪһǸưء
ϼй涨֮ͬ˲ûɱ
ҲˣȻܶ˶򣬿ȴû˸Ҷ֣
ֻ
ΪֻյʱͻȻ俪ˣ
Ӵǣڲװưˣֻ׺ٺһЦ
ʮӶʮԼ·ɣ΢΢һ̾
СӻǰԼ̲˰
٣ʲôʱһҲҸô˵ˣսҰûطأ
ֻףгƵζ
ԣ
˵һʱ䣬ĸоԼĵ֮һĪĴ
ҲԼźͽģľֻ龳۷廹ûͻɽʵ
Ҫ˺Լ»ǲ
ǵʱûһԼʵҲܹڲ֮أ
˭ܹ뵽ڵ׿ɲǵǸ˳֮Ϊףֻʵɱ֮жѣ
磬ĵ
һԼĸ羹ȻҪֻսЩˣ
Ҫ֪ԼҲֻĶ֣οأ
ֻΪּδļ̳ˣҲּҵﰡ
׳
磬ʲôһˣôܹ龳ǿȥȰ濴ף޳ˣ
ֻЦ˼ףҲҿһΣʱɡ
Ҽǵ֮󣬺ּһȶɣǸʱɣ׵˵
ȶûʸμӰɣֻЦһ
׿ֻȻûʸμӣɵڸһҲǲ԰ɣ
ãһԣ
ֻף·𿴵Ϲһ㣡
һﶪּҵˣȴһûһİ취
ΪһּһֱǴŲŲ֣˺ȥ粽룡
ֻ˻ᣬȻǼˣ
Ȼ㲻ǾӣһҪ˵һ䣬׷
׿ֻ˵
֪ĻΪǸô˲õĸˣƾһȺʹݣֻѾף
Ǹʲô
ʱһϵѾǴ˽ֳֳȻѾл˵ķ˹
ղŵһֳֳȻѾˣ
ֻ˸û뵽׾ȻĴӦֻȻҪڼȶʱ
ɲǶϷ
Ҫ֪˽µıȶͼȶɲһŪÿҪİ
ֳȻŭһϣȥ
ֳȻЩˣΪԼΨһĶӣɲΪһʱĳ嶯ֻУ




1693´ͻ
 

ϼĴ֮У
ֳ㿴һֳȻֿ˿ף
˿оһֻ֣һڵСȻսԼĶӣ
һ￴Լжһ˿
Ҫֳ֪㣬ǿɼǿߣҲǸһĴڰ
Ϊβɰ죬߳ж̤
׿ֳȻ˵̬Ȳ
Ϊ׻ǿߣİͷɣ
κ˶Լģֻ֮ǰһֱ̲ѣ
̲ԶҪͷϣ
ϡúúãҽ컹ܲˣ
ֳȻһӶ֪˵ʲôˣҪ֪ǰ׿ǵСų֣
ǸԼ˵ЩΡΡģ
⼸ֳȻսҲûʱԼԼĶӣ
ԭΪԼһŭֱӻŵɪɪ
û뵽СӾȻԼˣ
ֳ㿴˿׳ף֪˱ȶɲȼȶ
ҵĻظڶ飡
׵ĻֳоЩ²̨Լ峤СӵлԼ
ȻԼ˵ôţֳҲЩŭˣ
ߣƲԳԷƣˣǱ峤ȫ㣡ȶֻһս
ֳŭˣ
ʵϣһʼҪֹţԿóǱԼĶӱˣ
Լʲôԣϵ֪ܲ
ֻȻԲСԾӣͿֱԼˡ
׻һ⼸ΪԳǵЦ
һĶԹֳ㲢δϣ
û뵽׾Ȼ˵Ű裬ȻԼУ
ȨܵսֳҲŭ
峤ˣ򲻿ɰ
ֳȻֳǰֹ
ܣǳϢ˰ȻҵӶߣȶǸһЩѵɣ
ֳ㿴ֳȻֵĸ鵹ҲǿԵģ
ֳȻֳ峤ˣ´ͻҲ֮󰡣
´ͻ飿
ֻЩĿɿڴĿֳȻҲһ±ƣ
ֳüͷͷСӸͿˣҶһˣ
ף¾Ȼͻף⡭ôأ
ֻеĶʻһ¾ˣ´ͻ飬ʲôٹⰡ
û뵽Ȼôһˣ
ֱǲ
ȴķһϣֻˣһԼ˶Ľʺ޵Ŀף
Ҳһͷˮ
ԼôȻҲ˴ͻ飿
ıʵ벻ʲôˣ
ֳüͷĸˣĨһ˿ǵ´ͻϼĴң˴αΪϼ壬ش֮Ů飡
ʲôŮ
ֻɴ۾ԼĸףüͷҲԭһ˿ʻѾʧ

ƺҲŮ֣˵ǴһһĴŮ
Ⲣص㣡
࣬ҲһȽϳ˽⣡
ϼʵǸŻģĻʵ۾ȻԼŮΪ϶£
ֳȻ̾һ´ͻ飬ݾּܾûйϸ𣬲֪Ϊʲô»㣿
ֳЦһЩսۣȻ˱µע⣡ҵȼȵְֿɶУȻϣǲҪվӲźãֻϧ׵ļԼŮ
磬һ߾óƸġ
ֳȻȥҲ磬ԸջͿ׷룬һ
ڿν⻼
ԼĶһҲͰˣҪһﰡ
Ƹ񣿶ܻΪô򵥣һϼҪǰδеΣˣ
ֳ㿴ż߾ȻڶҲ̾һ
Σ״ˣǺ°ѾվڻˣҪܹǡ
ֻ˿Ҳû˼ڸ׾̵ֳ
ɣܼãΪôĺҸ㣬ǶϼվӲˣ
ֳɫһ
һԵֳȻ΢΢һ̾磬Ǵһһ֮ŮҾ˵ӺͽԳǺܶſҲǶĽмѣһмֱּҸڻϿ
ֳ㿴׳һҪ׵ȫԲܹ£
ǰҪһʱ˰㣬Ա޷ϼҲҷİ
ֳȻȻҲ֪ԣԼĶӾԲ
ⲻΪԼĶӣҪ֮ǰغϼδ
΢һ룬еԵɣ
ֳղ˵ҪԼֻȶֻǱԼˣ
ǱԼأһ뵽ߣ¶һ˿Цݣ
һתҪԹԴּҲ£ҲǲУ峤ɵôӦһ




1694¡ű
 

ʲôű
ӿ¾ˣ
ھȻʼϼ峤̸ˣҪ˵ȥĻ˭Ҳţ
һ峤ǾԵȨ
ûܹв˵Ĵڣֳϼĵλˣ
˵ʵԼҲû뵽׾ȻʱҪԼ̸
һѲɲ֪Լڴһʲôĵλ
ȻʱвԼ
ףôĵӣ£
ֳȻһ׾Ȼ˲֪أҲһϽ
ֳȻԼĴ磬ϼ峤ȨǾԲðģ
ֳĿ絶һĿףЦһ룬ǰС˰Ȼʵã⵨һһģ
峤ˣͬһϣһپһ𣡼ȻҪȢǸôҲòһҵʧɣ
׿ֳ㣬͸һӵĵȻ
һԵֳȻ涼Щˣ⻹
С󣬵СųѾΪ׵ĴʣǸԼĸ˵ҴھȻ峤̸
ֻһŭһף㻹ǸҪиʲôʧǽԳһһĴŮҪȢ֣˱ĸ֣״ˣֱӽһصΣһ˰ˣ
⵹Ǹİ취
ֳЦһϲвԼ
׳ֳ΢΢һЦ峤˲δҵ˼´ͻ飬ҼҪΪŮʱ峤˹ңʱ¡
СӣȻмֵɫּҵĺˡͳΣĵǣҴӦ
ֳԭЦѾƺһ˿ĸˣ
һԵ˶סˣ
峤ǲǷ˰ҪǷǰĻһǶˣ
磬СӺ֣Ҳȡ
ֳȻȻô˵Щ˼飡
ԼҵĶھȻҲѧʱˣ
ֳ㲢ΪҲһ
׿ֳһƵЦݵ峤˾ͲҵҪʲô
ܰ쵽ģȻ졣Ұ첻ģǿҲûã
ֳ˵͸һӵĴ֮磬⵹Ϊ
ǸСǼĶȣʵ峤ĸоǲġ
΢΢ͷҪʯԽԽã
ʯСӲּҵʯ·ɣ
ֻС֮ģȻѾصڸ׵ĽˣĻɣ
ֳ㿴׵ֻܸһƷʯϼҲò̫ʯˣ
ãһʯһʯ峤˾ͲΪʲôҪ
׿ֳ㣬ʵ
ֳ΢΢ҡͷҴӦ飬Ȼᷴڡ¶һȣȣǾǹˣ
л峤
׳ֳ㹰֣Ҳϵһθֳкˡ
ּ꣬һֱݷѾǱ޿ɱˣ
ԭżŵɱ䣬ֻƺּҶҪ֮ˡ
ҪûһΣУһŪˣҪˣ
һƷʯ
ֳѾָͨ˦ף֮ʵףϣ㲻Ҫʧ
򱶳
ײδ˵̫ܹ࣬ģҲܹʵֵģ
ʵϣɽ֮ɽĻҲһµ˽⣡
ʵ
ΨʵõĶ
ɽ磬һܹȱ٣Ǿ
ʱѾȥ
ҪɸļƻôҪԽһԼ
ˣԼɽľʹӴʼ.
Ǿĵһ壡
Ҫϼ֪׾Ȼ˵ҰĵĻ¶ᱻˣ
ֳ㿴ף¶һ˿Цݵ򱶳Ǻǣ˼ҵϣܹɹȢҲǱҰɣ
׳ĬȢû˼
ļûмԼȢôŮˣ׸ģ
˽ɢȥ
ֳȻϣ֪ղʲô
Ȼ֪ȡѣ׵˵
СӣȻѧҪЮ峤ˣ˭ĵӣǰôûôأ
ֳȻŭһ
׿ֳȻʼˣѾˣ˵ʲôأһҪ
״ˣЩһֱڿء
һױԼĸҲǸϽ
ֳȻû˵㵹ǸͻưˣһŵҩҴӴĳλѰģӦϳ˵Ԫûã
˵ֳ꣬ȻҲ̾һ˹ȥ
įıŵ˸оһᣡ
׿ֳȻӣҲ΢΢һ̾ʵԼĶѾˣ




1695
 

ּҺɽ
ɽ֮ĵطּҵĺɽΪ˹
һϪˮԱߣ
׽ԼõЩʯȫ˳ҽ֮ǰֳȻһöԪҲ˳
ԪȻʶģ
ԪȻƷɵƷɵҲǱȽϺõˣ
Ԫڼ
δ̫ԥֱӽԪԼĿУ漴һѾϮȫ
һЩӦ
ľ㹻ǿ׵£ԪϵĳԼĵ
ѭ
ײϵĵڵŵķ򲻶ϵĳţ
׵ĵ֮󣬾Ϫ۵˴һ㣬ûжĸо
θǴ󰡣
΢΢ҡͷȻоⵤһ˿ɶƺԼƵƺһңԶľ룡
ʱʱ䣬һζ
յöԪƺ׵ʧȥ˹Ч΢΢˫ۣһԵʯ
һƷʯҪûõĻǿľҪ·˰
׵Ը·ҪԼʵָܹĻ·Ѿڱеѡˣ
ϾʵҪԿǸǲܵ飡
һ뵽ٽ˵޳ܣ֮оһı
ΨһҵǣԼţҲڣ
һ治֪ʲôȥˣⶼʱˣһﾹȻһĶûУ
ҪǻָĻǺôԼҲ˵׽ɣ
ּҵǰС꣬Ц꣬׾ƢٺҲЩˡ

׵ȻſԭЩƷʯеʼľۼĿУ
أЩڶʱʵʻ
ԼĪĹһʯѾʧȥԭɫʣһͨʯͷ
ʯ֮еǱ׸˸飡
֮У
׵£Щϵӿ˵֮У˿׸оϲǣԸо˵֮һ״ĶȻѿһӣ
Ȼֻϸ΢һӣоһ־޴Ľ
ȥôǸоһ㡭
޹ʯ׸оһı
ҪٸԼһЩʯĻ˵ĿԽΧһ㲻֪ʲôĶȥ
쳤Х
׵Ʋѣû̫İ취
һǮӢۺ
׾ôһָо֪Լʵ͵¶͵һʯ
ɶǣ޼£
ʦ磬þò
һİ׵ĶУһʦһϤĸо
ֻȥӦһ˵
飿С𣿡
׼ʵԼ֮Ѿһ˿΢ϵ
ٺ٣ʦ磬û뵽Ҳбʱ򰡣
˿Ѿǳ׵ĸǰֻòѾ˾޴ı仯
黢Ŀüѵһ˧磡
ҿȥ£
ȥѾ˰˵СҲ̫ǸˣȻʱŸϵⶼ֪Ǹʲô
׵һƣ֪ԼʵΪʲôʧӰ٣
ʦ磬Ҫղ˴Ļ»һӲܸϵˣΪҪУ
εʼ硣
ˣͺã㣬ҵʵΪʲôֻͣڣ
׿ҲǼæʵ
Ҫ˵ɽ飬ȻҪԼĶˣ
鿴׵ʦ磬˵ҲңʵˡڵѾǱҳһգΪǸʱûɣԡ
εĿ˿ףʵϣղоգ
ʵϾǱˣ
ֲǸоԾأ֮ǰԼûκεôԼһͱˣ
ԭǱˣǱˣ
ȥⵤﴦһ㱡״ĶɶƵ˵
Ϊ˱ʦõĸֻû뵽ҽʱЩˣ
εͷʲô׵ĶŪĶ
˸ۣ飬СҶڲһ˵
̾Ͷʦ磬治ģһ尡ʱұˣʱ򣬷ѾɱɹˡѰ˼ýɱ䣬Ҳû뵽ڻôǰתʱҸҲôɵİ
ɣʱʲôʵǿɻʼǿ߰ôһոշɽˣѾҸǿȣ˼İ
׿飬޲һ
̵ʦ磬ʦ磬Ѳ㲻֪㵽ʲôʵ𣿡

ױһôһ˵ҲˣԼʲôʵ




1696׵Ŀֲ
 

Լ֪Լɽ֮ʲôʵ
Լոն٣ֱٸˣȻ˵оԼǶɽٳɹˣ
ǵԼѹʱԼѾʲôϼˣ
֮ǰ飬ֻģļ䣡
ڸ֪ʱԼǸʲô
СҲûиԼʱ俼ǣԼ
Ψһ뷨ܹ֪ԼʵΣ
ٺһЦһӵƣ
ԭ׵ﴦһ㱡漴ɢ˿̴Ųϵͨ׵ľߣ
״˿ҲȻķת䣬ʵڽ


顭
ɡ
ʵһţһڿٵ֮У
ԼĪʱң׵ľȹһ棡
ɾڣ
ԼҲĿɿڴˣȥЩ˼飡
ֱ֮ӱɾڵĳǿߣبδе鰡
ļ֮УƺҲûĴڣ
鿴Ҳ΢΢һ̾ʦ磬㻹Ǹﰡ٣ֱӱɾڵĲΣ֮ǰҶһ
ô
׸оӦģɾڣҲһĸˡ
΢΢ҡͷʦ磬˵ʵҲûа취֮ͣǰٵʱѾǽɺ۷ʵˣӦٵĵЧɣ
أǿˣ׿飬ǿʵ
ôװʦ磡ֻ˵ɱ䣬Ϊ黹ûдﵽӦĲΣĿǰҲڵʵ
Ȼô˵زס⣬׿ŸоСǷᰡ
˵ˣʵǿ⵹аһЩ
׳СҪٲֵĻĶҪ·ˣ
ʦ磬Ȼϵ㣬һ֪ģ
鿴ҲЦ⼸׻Ǳĺܣ
ʱǿǴɱķû¹˭أ
ɽ磬ԭӦҲ̳ģֻױԼһѣ
ȻҲģվǷˣ
ˣԺڸ㣬СӸҺúõɣƵ˵Ȼٽ͵ߣҴ￪ʼ
ʦ磬ˮûʶңɽȴв֪ҵĴڣ׻ĲܳԺֻܹʦˣ
鿴ףҲʼ
ҲǴڶ׵һֱҪǱ˷ֵĻµʱ׿϶Ǳ޾׷ɱ
ɵۣ˵ʵ벻¶Ѱ
ȻеĵСҲָϰˣԺûҲеģ
ʦ磬ղ˵ҪطʼҪԼɹ𣿡Цʵ
̫幬Щ̫ۣ˵ģһ˷֣¡
׿Ҳǳ
ͷǰǵʵûдﵽЩ˶Կĳ̶ȣ̫幬ͷȻ۵ĺܣɽܶ˶֪飬һҪǱЩ֪Ļ룡
Ȼʱ޷ɹһѡ񣡡΢΢һЦ
ٺ٣ʦ磬ɹȷǿٽԼһټӵŵ̫幬еĲƸٽһʳûκģ
鿴ҲЦŵ
·ҪһһߣҪһһڳԣ
Ҳϣײ֮û㹻ʵ֮ǰҪķչԼʵźã
΢΢ͷȻ˵ĻǾʹӴʼɣڶ˵һĺϢǾҵݡ
ҲǣҲ̫˵ĻɣҲЦЦ˵ʦ磬ʵɵ֮£Ѿûܹնɱǣ򲻹ûģҲ̫ģ
ˣЩˣɾڣ⵹ʡȥҲٵʱ䰡
׵ҲǳĲǼһ飬Ҳ֪СӲǹġ
ںɽһ!
һλصϼʱѾȫˣ
磬㵽ȥ˰
һ״Ӻɽķ˹ҲǼææĳ׵ķ˹
ԱߣֻҲЩ׵Ŀףг˷ŭ
ô£
׿ӣҲɻʵ
ģΪù⡭
ֻû˵
濴̵㡭Ͻȥװɣҵ˸ˣֻ͡ҲǸˣ
Ϊͻ飿
֪ͻ϶Ѳ˹ϵģ
ɲզΣǼһ˶öȥ˻飡
ֻ׳
ǸĳĨһ˿ɱ
ɲյ𣿱͵Ĵ飬ôȥ˻أⲻǴµ𣿲ֱӲˣȻڴϾͶԶ֣Ҳǵù·ȥæˡ
ֻףҲֵ˵
ֻСȻƤӱȽϵķɴȴǲͿģ
ԭ׼Լָʵ֮󣬸һֱԼļһһЩѵ
ɵһҲǱı׵ӣЩɻʵֻ㲻һֱΪʲôҪҸҸأ
ֻԼЩ۵ƵѾּҵ˰ֻּδ峤ȻּǸּҵˣ




1697׸
 

׶ֻһﵹЩĿ࿴ˣ
һ֮ǰϼĴڣԼϵơ
ҪǵʱԼʵָĻ϶ǴСӻ
ɵָʵʱȴһһ棬һﻹжĵģ
˵˽ⲻܹڱ棡
ֻ׸֪Щʱûпȥ˽һˡ
ҪŭˣǿǿƲסģ
ֻһ֪Ϊһεİȴıһ
ֻʱֵģоԼܵĪίһ㣡
ۿףһ֮ǰ޹ģ
ĸ㷢ˣȥô°ɣ
ѽϽȥɣΪģСȻ˳𣬿ҲȥТİ
ֻҲûʲô̬ȣ
лˣ
׳ֻ֣ȥҲûжĳ⣡
ֻһ׵ֲΪ㣬Ϊּң˵ˣҲûаʲôæı˸ˣ
ͣ
׾ȻЦ˳ˣһ˵ʵڰ
Ǳ׵ӣҲЦŵİɣһٴ򲻻װģ
ӴӴӴѾЦư͵ģͷڹϽڼɣʡıЩ˿ʱûˣּңˣ
ֵֻĳԶˣȥǳĲá
˭Ͻȥ㶫ܹһ٣Ҳǲܺõģ
濴ԼĸȻʱܹЦ
ҲǾС磬ôЦóˣϽȥ峤ѾǱˣ
׵ͷȻֳȻԼϵɱϾڱϻǰɣ
׻ýּݣӦȥֳȻǱ߿һɣ
ЩĬĳֳȻס˹ȥ
ΪϼȨ֮һֳȻּҵĵλҲǷǳĸߵġ
ϼߵһͥԺڣ
ֳȻҡ֮ϣɫһĲҰף
Աߣֳ鿴ֳȻƣɫѾһƬ࣡
Ʒ佫ȻֱӴ˴ˣֱûԣ
ֳŭ˵еĲ豭ѾǱ÷飡
ֳȻ˼µ˴磬ʱҲ°ҪǱСף飬ּҿ¾Ҫˣ
ֳ΢΢һ̾ѾزҪּҰ
磬ʲôϢ𣿡
ֳȻһȻһʼ´ͻʱҪ༤ж༤
ѾǳΪּҵİˣ
µĴͻ飬һɽһ㣬ѹּѾ͸ˣ
Ƹ飿Ҳ֪£ΪзȻҪȥ̸Ƹˣɡ
ֳɫ࣬δȫΪֳȻ飡
ΪҲԱˣ
峤ס
ֳ㻰δ䣬׺Ѿǳ˹
ֳ㿴׹ˣ㲻ҪܵأҸղ˵ֲˣ
׵ƿûʲô󰭣ǻļūƺҲûиְƲһ֮
װֳȻ
׿˿ֳ峤Ҹղ˵̸Ƹ飿
ã±йϵҲãֳͷȻƸʵЩ̫һЩ
˵
׵Ǹүһ㣬ֳ㱻̬ȸŪҲûƢ
ʱһ峤ôܸһʶأ
ֳȻһҲǶԼһλоһǻ˸һ㣡
˵ˣҪּңҪóһƷʯΪƸ񣬶һҪ׸ֱ̫
ֳһȻĿһԵļˣ
ɽ磬ʵϻŮ飬Ϊǿ߾ˣ
ķɵۣԣ
ɽĵλԱȽϸһЩģ
˵ҲˣȻŮԵλҲͣվֻȢŮȴŮȢеģ
׸
κһ߸˵Ƕһֳ裡
׸ҪּˣһƷʯּҵĲƸҲˣҪʲôֳȻŭһ
ǰ˲ޣֲΥʥȻޣһȢأ
׵̹Ȼ˵ֲȱŮˣ
ֳ֣ȻΪǶϷ𣿾Ϸԣ
ֳҲǵͷףڼҵ̬ҿԲƽϣȥϵʱ򣬿ɵСŵ㡭
ȥǣҲãҵҪ׸Цһ
˾һߣҾһɣ
˲ԼӵĻǿɾ͹ֲԼˣ
ֳ㿴׵ӣҲ΢΢һ̾Сӿ»пܳΪϼѰ
ȴСûа취˭ñ´ͻСأ
ֳԼҲû뵽СӾȻôĻ룬ֻ첻Ҫʲô۶Ӳźã




1698ӣ
 


ΪȨλ֮һνս׿
ⲻҪģҪӺͻǿɶɾǿߣ
Ҫ֪Ȩλʵ۱£Ҳɾǿ߶ѣ
ټλǰڴеţǴλȨߣҲǶɵ
ɻʼұϾлʼҵϣ
Ǿǳ
λʵ۱ΪǵҲˣһּΪ壬ʼôλˣ
ɽ֮еȨ׽
ɽ磬Ҳϵĵط
Ȼ֪ҵ˼ԼıŮ޸һԳǵķƲѣ
ȴ֪ĴǱ˵ĳӶѣ
ӵ鷿ڣվһȶ˵Ůӣ
ŮһϮذɫĽ֮һŭŵĺ÷һī̵壬İ͹ȥ¼ˣ
ٿŮ˫ˮڷᡢ£һһ¶һ˵ζ
ֱѵһ뷲Ӱ
ŮӵıŮ˿ڸԼүүء
үүûа취׮£ҡ˵ǡ
ƶ֮ˣֻô֪һ
Ϊ֮Ů
ʵͷǳǿᣬԶʮ;ͳΪ˵ɵʵԳǿ¶ܺ
ʮ꣬ɼʲô
˵ϼֻּҵ֮ˣʮͻأ
ӵĿ¶⣬үүѾϼ˵ˣһǱ´ͻ飬ͬϷ׳ʲô⣬ֻּ֪ѶˣǶȻܾܻģ
үүҲǷһ£֪¶ҲѾãһЩĻǿ϶ǻñ¶ҸӲֻҡȥҪһǸһ
ӣ˵Լ
˵ʵԼŮ˵һ֮ȻЩݺᣡ
ĳˣίˣּҵǸҪȢ㣬׸
ӵϴһ˿ȻʵϣһΪּҾΪһ̬ѣ
µּ沢δ˵׼׸Ļɣ
ּǴͻѣ
׸үүּȻλߣֳֳȻλսҲΪҴºͣȹѫ壬Ƿʧأ
ЩĵĿӣ
ޱ֮ˣȴһ֮ģ
һĴСȵµĻ̲סˣ
ʱܹƽ͵ĸ˵еף֤һ˼ϸ֮ˡ
΢΢һ̾үүȻ֪ʵʥ㣬Ϊ˿һ¡ĸΥʥϵּ⣬½ҪӴʧˡ
үүʵ֪Ҫ޵ǲǷұҪ޹ȥǾΥʥ⣬
ӣҧ촽
кâһһ˿ǳֽ鷳ŻҲͲˡһʱұȥʥŻѧԺ
ôܳɱأҲǸоЩ˼飬ǵүүϾ´ͻ飬ҪȼˣǽǱȥɣ
һôܿУţõɳڵǿߣ
һһ뵽ʵһı
ⲻǴĿԼЦ𣿾ϼĵϵҲˣ
ΨһϣȻǷԼһֱĶֻˡ
̾һ˫Щ΢΢˵Щʱ˲òˣԭΪⱲһһǵˣֻϧ컯Ūˡ
ϼ峤ֳЯµ
⣬һӵĶУ
һ֮ԵЩʧ룡
ǸѾԼδˣ
һֳţǸ׵ģ
Ĭ˿ЩŵĿ棡
ʵϣһߴΰӰǰ
ײָߴΰ͵ģȥһ˿ͨ
ּףݼ
Ṱ֣ӲȲӣȴҲֺ̫ã
ȻˣҪԭڻҪ£
֨
ſˣӴѾǳ׵ķ˳
׵ôȥĳ൹Ƿǳľ£
ɽӣƺЩһ
㿴ʲô
ôĿԼɫ˲Щˣ




1699±в˵
 

ڣ
ܿۼһǱߣʵܶ˶ûмף
ĴѾﳯ
ּҷѾ˽֪顣
˵ּҵķΪ˲̫˵ע⣬Ѿܾûгˣ
һγţҲ˿ˡ
ּҵǸﰡ氡
ļһȻ˵ı´ͻ飿ϻ°
ߣĻҵףĺܡ
ɲզΣڵСӣҶӵʵǿ֪١
˱˰СӵãСǺεȵ㰡
һϵһߵĿǰף
һﲻʵƽƽǷǳͨ˿ŶоһĲˬ
⣡
ſڵ̫ʦϣĿЩϬĿףһԲ
ףֻҪ˵û֪Щʲô
׾ôӣҲǵȻһЦĬ
֣
˾Ȼһ̽ƺ˭Ҳƴʱ״̬
֮ӵĨһ˿ȣû뵽СӾȻộ
ף
ƺЩﲻסˣ·ֻҪ˵Сӿ϶Ҳ˵һ㣡
΢΢ͷ£
ƺֳѾ˵ҵ˰ɣЦһǴӦˣ
ּжǲܴӦģִ˵Ļǿɾ͹ֲˣ
׿ӣһƵӣ
һԵ˶ѾǾ
һȻҸ˵ǵӹʵİ
ܶ׵Ļжһ˿в˼
һ㶣һּСӣȷڸ˵
ΪǸ˵ǱǸ˵׿ӳҪ׸޿ܣ
һԵЩˣ
һССϼӵܣһһļһȻҸԼүүô˵
֮仹Ũصв֮⣡
һǲҪˣԼʱ̫أ
Ҫ֪һ˿ԼүүѾŵɪɪˡ
ǻԼүүҲǺòȥ֣
Ϊעװɣ˿̾׺ͱ˻Щڲͬ
Ѳǹڳ̬ⷬԼעģ
ȷȴıǵݵˡ
ߣ׸֮˱ּܾǱΥʥּ⣡
ЦһĪԼǹͿϼ岻ɣһеĻ׽ͿԸ㣬Σ
úúãּȥʥǱ˵⻰СӣΪץסӵˣҸ㣬ʥǱұּҪ˵ϻ
Ҳһû뵽СӾȻ˵ľǿ
һܵʥǱߵĻʱȻּҪùҲòȥ
˵һǧ˰ٵ飡
һôˣʱҿҪʧˣ
Ⲣϣ飬ֻϣͨ׸ʽһ׺׵Ӱ죡
ϾԼŮһţһﲻһѣ
սҵ𣿣ʥϣˣһǾ仰޿ܣ֮󣬰̧Ȣʱ򣡡
Цһת㳯˹ȥ
ҲøϻǸ׿ЩĶ
ȷһŮ
һŮûеֿ
ʵҲǿŮ˳ɶӵģҪǳѿ϶ǶȻܾģ
ĺÿ˳ˮۣ
ǿΣ
أ
ǰ̫ʦѾǱ˷ĩ
Ϊ߾ߵ𣿡ӳ׵ŭˣ
˵ʥϣû˸ҸԼô˵
֮УӻЩСӹĿ࿴ˡ
һ˵Ǹ⵨ܼ
ҸԼôˣһֶĹ
ͷҲأǰߵҲǱŴģҷȰһ䣬ЩֶλŸ˰ɣһǾ仰֮ټʱһΪС׼һƸġ
쵰ССϼ徹Ȼڱͷϣֱдд
˼˫Щ̲סҲҲ֪ԼڶǾԲһܺõѡ
ˣǾɱУ
һ𣿿һҲǿƣԶԼˣ
ֻ˿һڵҸùţʵЩ޹Ⱑ
ԶȥķʼҲ˵ôһ仰
˼ֻǿԼһ۾ͲԼˣԼôıһƲ
үү⡭һʲô̬Ȱ
ӣҲɫһ죬һﵹһ˿ڴ
ĺӶЩˣһҪ֮һôȢߵģߡ
˵꣬ҲǷȥ
ǽһһŪ²̨ҲǶ˶ˣ




1700ºаԵС
 

֮⣡
ֳɫŵעǰ֪浽׷ʲô飿
׵룬ǲ׵İΣ
ϳκε⣬β˵Ҳˡ
ʲô۶ӳ
ȵ׸֮󣬵ʱϼ廹֪ôѹأ
ڵֳֻܹϣ׸ùϵ
򻤹ˣˣּڴľǹԮˣ
֨
״ˣȥҲ͹ȥ˼ӵʱ䣡
ֳЩĿ׵Сף㡭ôˣ
˵Ѿ˵ˣ׿ֳҲʼ
Сӣ˵ԽԽûûСǰɣֳ㿴׵ӣҲЦ
׿ֳ֮ҴȡӭȢŮ
׸顭
ֳĵһ׸飬ڶƸ
˵ʵƷʯϼҲǷǳĳġ
ȻòҪóҲڵѪ֡
̸ˣ
״˵ʵǵľȻ֪ӱƵҲûл˵ˡ
ɱϾǸģ
Сӣû뵽ŮǲһҲ㣬ǱѾǻزͷˣ
ֳ㿴Ҳǳܹ˼
زͷǱ㲻ͷˣҪˡ
㣿ˣ˵ûëɣϼҲ˵Ȼƾ㣿
ֳ㱻׵ӸЩҪЦһŰ
׵ĿһֳҸ׵ǲܵģ
Сװǰǿˣֻǿϧ츳ʵһ㣬򡭡
ֳʱ򷴶Щп֪Щûа취ġ
˳ϼķȥ
˿̵ֳȫעĿΧ·ʲô鷢
ԽǵģȴԽҵǣ
״˿Ѿͣ˽Ųֳ㿴׳Сףһ۷ʲô飬㾡ϼķߣҪң

ױֳӸŪĶ֪˵ɶˡ
֮ЩжֳӦҲѾ֪Լ˱˸ˡ
ߣ̤Ьٴȫѹ峤û뵽㻹£һʹôˣ
ಣ
ӰѾǸֳ׵ĸǰΪ׵Ǹһӣ
˲Ǳˣǻ
ĴѰףֳ׳ĸȥ
Ȼ˻ؼҵĵ·ϵˣ
СּһԹĹСܹҵһ·
ֳŭֶǰ
һ·ҵأСİŮˣ²ôĺýİɣЦһ
ֳ̹СǱµ˼ҵҲǰּ£
ٺ٣ֻ飬ҵˣֻίһˡ
¶һ˿ζЦݣѾ뵽һȲΥּ⣬ܹĺð취ˣ
Сô˿ţǶֳ֡ŭһ
ߣϻ˵ߣ
һڽԳڹȻŹĽҲ׵ĸֳȻʱ򣬾һ𶯣
ǻѹȥĻܴķ졣
Ҫ֪ԳǴĳȻڴ˽ɱһλͬҰ
һҲѧˣİ״ȥֳôɹܲţ
СˡĳԴ
ֳȻܾڵ׾Բܹ°
峤ɲҪƲԳԷƣֻһ̸ѣİɣȻһǱ´ͻ飬ҲҪһģ
ֳһ˿̵Цݣ
ֳ˽ԳǸָʹСĪҪҵˡ
峤Ҹߣ
׿˿ֳ㣬ûлأû뵽ɵȱԼˣ
ȻҪĻǿɾ͹ֲԼˣ
ף㡭˰ֳҪ˵Щʲô漴峤Ӧˣ㲻ɣţ峤úġ
ߣһֳĸǰĬԣ
ֻǳɱֳ㣬Ҫ߹ȥЩˣ
׿˿ֳİɣҲµģ
ֳ̾һһʱҼ㣬һɱǡ
һ壡
ֻƺûκεô
ֳЦһʱӣ
״ԼĸǰʧŽԳ˹ȥҲһŭ
ûа취ǿǵһƷԼƷѣ
ʵλǱһǱȲ˼ҵģֳ㲻ܸɶأ
ҲֻܹҪɳʲôźã




1701±С
 

ԳĴɽ֮У
żλĸֳŴɽ۶ȥ
ǴףʱȻǲŹһˡ
ɽ䣡
פ㣬бŷһ˿̵Ĺâ
ַǴûм˰ɣû뵽㻹ôķ
ףǿ׳˵
΢΢һЦֲŮҪʲô
һסŭʹ飬㻹Ǹ˶Ǵһһ֮ŮΪŮˡ˻飬ҿɱϼһϢд桭
Υʥ³ӦñǻҲʴʣƾ㣿
Цһһﻹ浱ԼС
Ҿ֪㲻ϴӦһһ취ֻҪϣҵҲǿԷ㣡
һЦдһ˿֮⣡
ʲô취
׵ϵĿ
ٺһЦֻҪ㲻ǸˣǶ˵ûʲôˣ
⵹Ǹ⣡
ҰҰ죬ʾͬ˵
ʶʱΪܣʡȥԼ˰
ףҲû뵽ôϣ
ϼѾⲻˣӦòӦ
ԼȴҲһóѵģ
ֻҪ׳Ϊ̫鴫ȥʱͿ˳ĸСӷֿˣ
Ҫǣһ̫֮Ա֤֮
İ취ҲĿǰΨһȴֲΥʥİ취
Ȼˣ취УΨһҪ˾ף
ַݵ˿Ǽֱһһ㣬ϣ
˵һ⣬Ƕ˵ģ׵䣡
Ʊۣ
ȻԼǿʵ½ľͱһϵˣ
һˣ㣬ǾĪ裡
һ˿ɱѾǳ׵֮УȻһҪԼǿɾ͹ֲԼˣ
Ҳڱٵǰţ֣
Ĩһ˿֮ɫΧ˳
˶ɼʵ˵ˣѹϼκˣ
ôţ
ֻϧ̫ãף
Ǿ㿴һܲܰˣ
ЦһһɱǿѾɢ
ɴ۾ǰһĻһĿɿڴ
Ҫ֪ҲһˣССѾǴﵽɵĲΣ
ȻĵɳڻһЩ֮У츳Ҳǲˡ
ȻˣҲԴѻ
ССģǸ֡
һǸԭмɣ˿ҲŵЩƨĸо
Ϊ׵ѹˣ
㡭㡭㾹ȻԼʵ
ʿˮһоʵЩ⧲
ԭΪѾǿס˾棬û뵽һﾹȻʵ

ڿһﲻǷȻһλ֣
ʵѾǳԽɵĲΣѲһﾹȻǽɼģ
ⲻܣܣ
ܲʵһΣѾȫ
ݣ
׵гһ˿ɫĹâ
䣡
һ룬ɽѾǴ˼֮
Ӱ
ɫӰѾĸǰһ˿Ʈ֮
ֻûзӦʱλԼѾǱ׵Ĩɱˣ
ɴ䣡
ûһ˿ˮ
˾ͳ׵ʧ˰ɽ䣬һɱ֮Ѿӵȫ
һɪɪ
ԭʵҪǿ̫ˣټеնɽѾǰ
ɱɼǿߣ˵ɲˡ
ͨһ£
ʶĹһ̫죬ûзӦĹ
Ҵˣ֪ˣϹ˹ۡ
סţ˿̣ĵһθоʲô£
ˣҸ׵һ̣Ѿˣ
ҡҡͷɱˣ˵ټ򵥲һˣ
ֻû뵽ɽĿθˣȻ⼸һ
οధֻϧѾǲڸκεĻˡ
ҡкöָ滹һҶԸģһмʯȥˣ
ףסĿͷӿŵ൱Ŀ
ֻǿ֮˱пɺ֮
׿ЦһĶȻҪϣԼһʱҪԼ𣿡
ɽ粻ͬ׽磬طûô֮ģ
һһ磡
ղ׵ʵãôҪ˿϶Լ
㡭㲻ɱңղźܶ˶Ҹȥˣ㡭ɱңүүŹģ
ãҲŭһ
ǺǣҲУοһסɱبɱܹ֮ҵϣҲĿˣ
ЦһеնɽѾͷ
һ̣
Ѿǳ׵ʧϣֻϧֱ֮ʣ֪ԼΪʲô
Ӳ֪Ϊʲô˶֮ΪһȻô
ֻϧûκεĺҩԣ
ĵĴڻϵĻܹĳһЩ




1702˵ʵû
 

ϼ壡
ֳصּҵʱϳ˵֮ɫ
ױߣһӰҪһ׳µĻ
ĻҲûּҾͻΪ
磬Сأ
ֳĹδ̫˵ע⣡
һʱ䣬ּҵϲ󣬱Ͼʵ۱´ͻ飬һϲ£
ֳ㲻Ʒְܹõʹ飬ֱǰ˱ĸ
ֳҲδĺ֮壬ûеһ֪ȻԽԽˡ
ֱֳֳȻߣҲֻиԼܣ޻̸ġ
ˡ
ֳ㿴ֳȻҲǴ֮ɫ
ֳȻʹЩʵǲǻˡ
֮Ǿͱ˸ˣڰϾͱСӴż˸ˡ
ֳɫҲǷǳѿ⻤˻޷죡
֮ǰԼһֱŻģû뵽˵ķ飡
ʵǿԭ
ʵǿĻҪǵɫ
Сײ°ɣֳȻȻǹԼĶӣϾΨһĶӣ
ʹɱ֣һⲻ˵ģҾ׵ӹǣס˵ô򰡣һǸһȥټǷӵˣ
ֳҲ͸һӵľ
磬ҪôǻǱߡֳȻָһ˿ǵ
ڹܲôˣֳһӡ
˵֮ʣһӰѾǳǵĸǰ
ף
ֳ㿴׵Ӱ۾ͭһ㣬г˲˼飡
һԵֳȻҲǼԼĶӣСף㡭û°ɣ
ʲô飿Ǻǡ΢΢һЦ
ǡСûΪ㣿⡭ɲԸ񰡣
ֳЩɵĿ˿ףȻҲЩ֣
ѲͻȻĴˣֳ˽һģ޿ܣ
׿ֳֳȻʼҰǸɱˣ
ۣ
˺ûһϲѾţĹҲ̫ţ˰ɣ
Сɱˣ
Ҳ̸СǼλɼĸˣСʵѾǴﵽɶĲΣ
ϲһʵܹնɱС
˵ȥҲ±Ц
ˣСףڲǿЦʱ˵ô¡ֳȻ׵ʵ
̾һǲţҾͻ˵ɡǼһȥ˽ԳɽϣͻȻһλ֣Ǽ۸ңȻͰǼ˸ɱˣ
֣ǽɼĸְСߵλɼǿߣܱնɱֳȻ
һԵֳһ𺳵˵ף㡭˵иֳ֣Ȼ㣿һնɱС
ž˼ɣ׵˵
⡭Ҳ̫˼˰ɣǧҪ˵ȥʱʱ˵֮Ȼѵһپˣ
̶ֳ׵Ҫ˵Ļǵʱ򻤹»ὫﵽԼϰ
ֻ׵ʵԲնɱߵЩ֣
ֻҪ˵֪黤ҲǵͷϣϾּûʵ
ʼðɣҲȥǰ׼һ³׵ɣȥ׾ͺˡ
СӣԸ峤飿ֳȻڵӦ׵ûûС
Ѿֻȥˣʱ͸ֻȥףʱּһɳǿһ·ǵģֻҪǰȫִӦþûˣ
ֳ㿴Ҳǳ
׿˿ֳƸ鲻Ҫˣ˵ĴָñҸˣöһЩģ
˵꣬ﳤȥһ㵵ֳֳȻЦѣ
ʵָף˿ҲĴ
ɽ縴ӵľأҪһ׶֮أ
ĿǷϣ˵ʵһССϼԲθڵģ
Ҫ˵ҲڶɹһСĹҶѣ
ȸСȫ
׿صĵطȻ￪ʼԼɽ̣ôĵһȻǳΪˣ
οӵɾʵףȫʵ
նɱѹҲûзϣ
Ҫľһһܹ˶
׾ãڼ֮ĳ״֮ϣǵʱû£ҲҪⷢһ£
Ҫ֪ڰ
ʱҪʵĿ겢ǲܵ飬һʥһЩѶȣ
һ׿ѶȲ
ƺѾΪ׵вֻͣǷȱһʱѣ
ֳֳȻȻ֪׵뷨ڻôܹɹһεѹأ
ȴϣһε飬ɽԼĵһǹˡ




1703»
 


ʧٸ˾޴𶯣
룡
һϵ߶м䣬ǴȨƵ֮һ
ɾڵʵҲǶĴڣ
Ȼɽ磬ʵֻеȶѣһʵλˡ
һʵΪǿĿҲɾǿˣ
κһܶڣǵȻűɡ
֮䣬ʥʥ֮սһһġ
ǻʳ͵۳ʵҲǲϵıųͻս
ΪľɽİλԴ
κһλ˶ԼҶλȻҲԼĶλ
ΪɾǿߣѲɲҪԼ
ɮ٣û㹻ʵƷ֮ǰҲǲôġ
״ˣѾʧٺüˣǺð
˵˱ĸףҲĶ
е־򣬷ǾǾֻûлµģ
ΪʵѾ㹻ǿ˱ˣ
һ֣ܹʲôأ
ȻһЩɻڲ֪ôɣϼҲûʵԸ
ǰҲôΪģԵ޹ʵʧ٣Ȼϳ
д˵֮ɫϾôһӣҪĳʲô⣬Լѽܣ
Ǹ׵ķŽߵˣǸһأ
ŲŲ֮ǰ˿ּңȻʧˣ
ɫѿʵûа취
ϾȣҪȥһҪ˵ĻǼֱǶ裡
Ƿ֮ʱúùܽһƫƫ֣Ҫ˵ҵĴ£мԴ
Ҳǳֳһ˿ɸֵζ
֪ˣ״ˣӦþ̰棬³ȥطˣѾȥѰˣ
Ӧûд󰭣ȷһţձּӵŮĴ֮գͷϷ
ɫֳһ˿֮ɫʱ̣ԼӾȻˣ
ΪһǿߵеҲһ˿ļɻ䣡
״ˣһδҰҪôǣǾôˣȥһ֣ҲΪ˸һЩѿ
ϴһ˿ŭ
ߣҲQ˶೤ʱˣƻҪΪѿǱ²̨
Цһгżζ
ýƻѿ״ˣҪˣ
ϸֳһ˿ɫ
ⲻǵһѣѾڻʮɱʱԹʹɱʱ⻼Ҳǵĺûᣡ
ǹӶȴ޷صģ
Ǹףʵ൱ƻϸ˴桭
ĵҲǶԵģ
һʧܣǶǽְ֮
עʵЩ̫ˣһҪԼŬһҲҪ֧֣
ߣѾʹ׸Ŵ̶ˣʱһñʮǸÿ껹ṩһǧƷʯ
ȻһЦ
⡭Ժǲ׵ľͻᱻԵ𣿸οǰ滹д
Ƿ˼ԼĸƲƺЩʧĸо
ߣǣҲûʵǣΪʹֱʥǴһ֮أǾ޿潻棬ǵ֮
ƺ͸⣬һԵҲЩȻ
ɻ˵ףԽƻڴĵλֻҪǸһǺгµĻᰡ
ԣһýƻɨأٺ٣ΪԼŮô˳ܹ޸Ǹּҵķ˵׸֮￴أҪ֪ǿһһ֮ŮӴ˰
¶һ˿ζЦݣ
𾪵ĿԼĸףЩŵ˵ף˵
ˣձкϷˣƻղҪȥ𣿵ʱҪʲô鰡һȻ˴׸Ӳμյͻ䣬
Ŀ⿴Զ˿ѾǰеǲΪľٹܹ˳ĺʹӦˡ
ʵϣԭûдô£ڴƺѾ
ѾͨͻķʽʼնԼı۰һ˿ŨҵΣУ
ֵڣȻҪһˣ
¾㱸ֻǷ磡
ֻδϼ˵׵Ƕ֣Ѿעʧܣ




1704ºϷʼ
 

ϼ壡
״˿ڰ֮ϣһͷžԺɫ
칬Ѿּ⣬ּĳ״䶨ĸϣ
ʱƶߣʥϽƻҲȥ
ֳֳȻŵҲǲ֪룡
ʵû뵽ҾȻ˵Ŀһ
ѾһͨĻƺǳõ
һж˵ûʲôûлᶯţ
֪һεĴȻ˵˳
ɽ翪ʼĵطҪһ
һڴ
ǻڴʵ׶ڴҲ־ڱصã
ολ÷ǳĲʥĽɽ߻ʵԶˣ
ףСӽɹҲͲ˵ʲôˣһ˵һ䣬ǲŹʺ˰
ֻ״ĹʶĿӣҲЩ˵
׿ֻǺǣֻ㵽߲ߣҪǲߵĻҿ˰
ߣ첻֪˵ĿҪأֻ̾һ׺ͶѾǰĳ״ֻܹ˰
Ѿ𣿡
׵˵ע̫ƽⲻϹ£Щʵ̫ƽˣ
ǻоЩˣ
ʧ٣ȻûѯʣȻǲģ
ճ˵εģ»˹һɣ
˵İֻ˵һ㣬иҪҪ죡
ֻСӣһʥ٣Сӿɱôţ˰ס
˵׳
СקקӣҾһ٣˵ʵզôţأ
ֻţӣһãȻ
ּҶҸԼĸô˵һ͸ң
Ѳ¿ˮֻ̣ΪΪŮ
׿ֻЦŵΪʸ񣡡
ޣСҰǰɣΪŮ޷ˣֻû˵
ˣ߰ɣ
קק˵׵İѾǳǰȥѵѾǰ
ӭ׵ĶʽĿʼķˣ
Ҳһ׵Ҳֳ࣬Ȼصġ
ΪƺЩ첻µزµģֳȻԼŮվСӵߣҲΪ˷ֹСٺ֣
һ·ϣܶ˶׶ָָ㣬ûʲôĻ
׵ѾǳˣҪŤתıȽѣ
Щ˴̶ۣҲǰ׵磬ɱ嶯쵱ʥϿڹϣҪǡ
зִ磡׵˵
һԵֻһ̵ӷҪĻҵҲᰲˣ
ǺǣܿңЦŵ
㷸֮ǰһѰֻû˵ʱѾʹˣӸͷأ
ޣֻ磬Ҹϲӣ;͡
һֻĻ˼ƺЩɻ䣡
׿ƤĶҲݸһЦɽҲں⼪Ļ
һ·ϣԭΪ⻤˻ţ
ָԼԤƺ̫һֻȰʵЩ죡

ڸ׼ţΪյʥҪĻҪˣ
ʥˣһƺˣ
ӻûɵʱĻʵ۽ƻȥ
ϾǳǾ
б𣬾ǹϵٺãɻǾ仰Ǿǳ
үүǱ߶Ѿ׼ˣ
ʵδ׼ʲôֻǴ˷ϼžʽˣ
ĶоԼҪκε׼ԼҲǼ޸һԼϲˣûּ˵ļͣ
ϣղҪٳʲô۶˰ܸо̫Ծˣüͷ
үүʲôձǰĸֿǶ鲼ܣ˲Ҫ£¶ˣ
һȻ˵ҪǱ²п£
ɽ٣˭£
̾һδȻɣϣֻҵĵǶѣһοί˰үүܹ
үүҴϲӣǲ˵Щ˺𣿡
Ҳ¶һ˿ЦݣֻЦ֮˭óôһ˿ʧ䡣
ʥϼݵ
һ𣬴˿Ѿǹ
һһѾǴ㳡֮ϣ
ӹӭʥݣԸ꣡
δ¹򣬿ǹǫӣ˭ó˭˭ˡ
Ҳһţ͸Ȼʵ࣬ɵλȴһ
ɹҲһʽŻ߼Ĵڶѣ




1705´ʵۣƻ
 


ƻԼ֮ϻ˳ȻΪɾڵǿߣʱ̣ѡ˲У
һۼͷڣ
ƻһɽХ
һ󼤶ĳ֮ҲǴ˷ȻˣҽѾأѾˣ
ɽ糯ǷǳĿ죬ͨʮңһͽڣ
ʥĸǸ緭һ㣬һۻң
ƻһصǰʵҪӵģ
һƵƵ춯ƺ£ģýƻвһ˿õĸо
һս֮ʣ
ҵڴͻϼô۵ļ壬Ϊʲô
Ϊϼλͻ֮ϵ
ƻҪһҪʵж߻ѾԽˣ
ӣƻ¶һ˿Ц⣡
ʵǷǳŵùģɼŵùҲò
һҲǶһο飬ܹϣǾ˵ǿŵġ
ƽ
ƻһȣ˵Ķըһ㣡
лʥϣ
ӵҲǻλҲЩϰ£
ƻ΢΢һЦɫ˫츳׿һȻ鴫
лʥϿޣ΢΢
׸ΪΣƻһһɫٷ΢΢һЦ
ʵ۱£ʵһ鱾һֱڿڣ
Žƻдһ˿ЦЦı
׸Ǵ׸һ֮֮ϣѰڿڵĵ
ƻһδɳʹߣ˵̸𱱲ʮǵĹ⣡
ʵϽƻ֪ΪսҪһˣ
Ҳǵһηƻ֪ԼҲóѪ
ǰлҲʳѰ
ΪʹʱͻȻҪƻȻ죬ҲûжȻܾ
򣡣
һԵȵ
˿ƺĹ˵ϵƷνݼʵ۱£
λǣƻǵһμ
ʲôӣΪʲôʱͻȻһ׵˸Լ¹أ
Ǹ½ˣҲӣ
ƺԼӷǳ⣬ȻŽƻô˵ȴһҲû˼
Ȼһ˲ŰƻҲǲòһ£
ϾڲܹһҪ˺Ļǵʱ˵Ŀ¾Լˡ
Ӽ˵¡׸뼸λΣһĹ򣬼ʱҪˣ
ӹ֡
׸ҲǶѾð΢΢һЦ
Ҳӵʵ࣬ҪԸһ˻ǷǳĿ
׸ȥû˵ɣ
ƻ֪ϺԲʲôģָŻء
򽻵ôʱ䣬ƻǲֹһεһϳ˱ˣ
ôҪĳϣȻ
֪ǿ϶㲻ȥˣȻ˵Ļֻܿʲôˣ
ֻҪرĹ֣ܴӦȻҪӦģ
һԴ²ѣϺͿˡ˵ɡ
ţйأҲʱĲ廰ʵ
ݼ¡ݼʵǰҲΪȴһ׮ҵԸ꣬ڴҲǼʶ˺ܶķףǶһŮѾá
˵ѵĹҲĲ֣
ʵϣõ飬ֱϹƪ
޵ʲô飬֪μŮŽİޣ
ƻΪʲô飬ԭӿǴĳ˼ҵŮˡ
⵹Ǻð죡
ڴҲһ֮֮ϵˣǿԼŮʲôģҲǿʹģ
ȻͨȫЩˣܱȴҪǿĶɣ
⡭ʵݡ
Ǹýƻ˾裬֪һҪڿأ
˵ǱŽ˵ǡ
ƻһʲôرѵ飬Щ˵
˵ģл³ȫҡҿеŮԶ߽ǰ
Ŀֱӣһʱ˶ڵ
ƻԭ΢Цӣ˲̣Χ¶ƺѾǽ͵˱㣡




1706ǵ
 

㳡ĸ̨֮ϣ
ƻո£ûмӵʱ䣬ѾɫһƬ࣡
׸Ǻ⣿
ƻЦһⲻǵڴԼ
Ϊһ׮£ƻҲǳﱸ˺ܾãҵ˻ᣡ
û뵽󣬾Ȼ״
׸֮֪Լʹ£ȻԼĸǰ˵һ
ֱǶԼһ£
Ϸԣ
Ѳ˵
ͬɫĪĻӣһֱϣ£
û뵽ӭ׵Ķ黹ûеȻ飡
һȻЦݣ֪һǹġ
º붯ŭӴСǱҸ߻ˣԲŻᡭ
Žƻ΢΢һЦȥһĴݲȣ
׸ô˵ǳĵˣҴҰĵط
ӱ佫ֻĵλܸߣһֵǲ׵ĳֵġ
κ֮ս϶Լ׳ɵĲɳĶ֣
Ϊ˵һǧ˰٣һ󻹲Ǳ˱ˣ
˭Ҳɵӣɽôɹźͼ壬׵ĵóأ
ʲôݵľ棡
ˣλǷŮ޸ҵӣǴʹ֮ϼװ
һ۽ƻҲ¶һ˿ײЦ⣡
׸ǴʹǴ㣬Ǵ˼
ƻɫ쳣䣬˶оһ΢
һݵ¼ȻôˣҲԴǱ´Ӧˣһк˵
޲Ӧأ
ƻЦһһĲԿóŬѹԼ
ӦҴҲԸսһŮ˶᲻õĻǾǶҴһ裡ҴȻ΢ȴҲһս
һ˲䱬ԼƣɾڵǿߣȷǷǳǿ
ߣΪҴ㣿ԣ֤Ǵ޻أ
ǲᷢģʱȴһĵ
ͬɾڵʵȻҲʾ
ƻɫȻһԲĿ
˿еŭѾǲȫֻһֱţ
ӣЦһҪද𣿺ߡ
г˱֮ɫһȻб
ûʮİգ߸ƻҰ
ֻǻûе¶ƵʱȻ׵չʾԼʵ
Σ購ΪҴӲɣ
ЦȻǴϲ֮գʱȴ˲ôˡ
ҪµģֵԽԽã
ҴʮɱѾڱᣬǱ²ӦǴԻƷӦΪһŮֵ𣿡
ŽƻҪȽƻıԼּ⣡
ʵϾǱŽƻԼԼֱɱ˽ƻҪܣ
£ǧܴӦһϷԸҴ֮ʦƽ
ӹŽƻǿû뵽ġ
ʱҪһ
ƻؿ˼׸Ȼϼ壬Ϸԣ
ô˵ǲҴˣ¶һ˿ɭȻ

ƻɫһƬ䣬֪ڲǸ˺ʱ
ȷ˵ΪһŮˣ𸹱ܵУԲԸ⿴飡
Žƻ¶һ˿ʤЦݣѾԿóƻһʹı仯̣
ʤڼ
һЦµ޷ֻҪⲻԸҵԸ̸֮ǰһЩ
£򲻿ɡӿŽƻѾɿڣҲǸоһĪ裡
ĵô㵨С£
ѲΪھڸλѾû˵׳־
ǴĻʵۣǱǴĻʵۣ
Ϻ꣬Ȼ̸רңһֱƿԣ
ƻԶеף΢΢һּ̾ûˡ

Ҳ;ǿǽҪӭȢԼŵˣ
Ȼûз֮ʵ֮ѾĬԼּϱʵ
û뵽ԼҪŵһּ̣ҾȻڷ֮Ҫˣ
ǵң
û뵽Լۼ֤ʲô黢
ӵ촽΢΢ջû˵óڣ
Žƻ¶һ˿Цݵл㣬ҵˡ
һɺϮƻı۾
裬
ֻһȴ֮ǰĹּңʵЩ˺һЩ
һµ׳˽оȻһ˿֮⡭




1707澡ʧĵ
 


ֳֳȻ˻֪淢ʲô飡
ȻǶڹ۲죬ϧʵ̫ԶˣЩɾ֮죬ɿ͵ģ
ֻǴ˵ɫƺ̸ݲʲôõģ
ֳ㿴Ϊ˲ԼŮ޸ףǱ߱Լ̬ȶѣ
ôҲû뵽Ѿµķչ
ϼףǰף
׵ܴ󣬼ڳ˵Ŀⶼǳ׿ȥ
Զƻףޱ飡
ǸַﰡǵһμСײ˰
ǰû뵽ַﾹȻܹȢҴҫ۵飡
һʻţϣϧ˰
ģСԺҪǳţĭӶܹɣ
ºܶǱ˽ȴΪȻ
ϼףǰף
һεĴֻǲû˳
֮׵Ŀ˸̨֮ϣǻۼĽƻüͷҲ
˵ƻʹ飬ұ˻ڳôҲøλĵһ˿Ӱɣ
ԼӾȻ޷Ӧ
״ӵıУһ˿ķȻһﵽڻûнʵ
ʵϣӵԸԼŮ޸ַ
ʵǲԸ⿴ͱˣΪһ佫һ֮ĳ裡
ƻѾּңΣ
²òͷ
ֻܹװ֪һԼ˾Ҫˡ
ȻһҲףΪϼоһϧ
ףʽ֪ͨ㣬Թˣ
׳㳡ĸ̨֮һ߽
Ҳ¶һ˿мЦݣ
ַ֣커ʱҲ˵ˡ
Ϊ֮һ츳ʵϱҪһЩ
֮ǰ׾ȻֻǸڵķʱѾЦǰˣ
˿̣һôŵվߣҲǻĴӸ̨֮

һ֮
Ŵʵ۱µ棬Ȼ˸ʱ׹
Ҫ֪Ǵʵ۽ԵĴͻ飡
Ҫ˵λ棬׹
ⲻǻĴ𣿶Ҵһλ
Χ۵˲ըˣ
Ⱥˣڳԣš
ĸף
Ʒ佫ɼʵ
ղһֱٳԼŮĻ£Ȼ˵ҲǼķԡ
֪ԼĸףһƷ֨飬ܹΣ
ֻзӵķˣ
ֻû뵽Ȼһۣ
ˣȻ˸վ谭ԼŮǰף
ǿףҲðһεĴͻ˰ɣԺΣԺ飡
̩ɽһʸȢŮʵ۱ѾǴӦүүŮң
ܴ󣬺̶ܴ
Ϊ֮ʵϾΪ˶ҵҵ棡
ƻŭգЩֻ᲻Դ
û뵽Ȼ˵˳ⲻǻĴԼ
һ㣬̶Žƻ£ʢ˵ûзִ磬Ȼصһط¼£
ߡ
ƻֻѾǶˣڷڣǼȶ
ûлͷ
һʼͲӦҲûˣ
ŭһ󵨿ͽȻڴ˴ʴʣʥϣ
ס֣
ӿԼĶӣƵ쳹
ֳֳȻĿɿڴĿǰһУǶ֪׷ʲô飡
仯ʵ̫ˣ쵽ǸӦ
˿̣Թۣ
˱Ȼ֪ǰͻȻQСӵ˭
ɸղĻȴһλĵƺܵλ˵ĳвȣ
״ˣ׵Ļ£ʥϡ
еĵһλ佫ûʲôƣ
ʥϣҲǺǳסڣסڱǣ
Ǹ״ˡ
Ҫ˵ЩʲôɵԼĸűӣҲǽԼĻȥ
ӿŵڵȺף΢΢һ̾ϼ˺ڣ
ĩֳ㡢ֳȻݼ
ֳֳȻվӵĸǰ˵ģǵ佫䣡
ӳǴȻȥջ£ݻڡ
Ψһܹ飬̿ϼԼĹϱ˸
ǽƻĬϣӻԼܼ飡
Ժ󵽵ôѾĿǷΧˣΪԼûüأ
ߣ㻹ûʥϵ˼ȻˣǾɣ
˿Ҳ¶ԼΪƻѾ޷ˣ
һ£
ΧѾǾۼλ֣˲佫ϼΧס
ֳֳȻ֪ʲô飬˵ΣʵΪʲôˣ




1708´
 

б
ͻȻֵλ֣ýƻɫ䣡
Ѿûа취ˣô棬ƺһ֮Ϊ޴һ
һ׸ȻڴĳԳǣڴҪնɱ佫ңϼ壡
һʱ䣬ȫȻ
⡭⵽ʲô˼
ֳ㱻ͻı仯ЩȦˣ
ԭּ˵ӦǴϲӣƺԾ
̾һЩǸȻĿֳʥΪ˴ȹ̣Ѿͬ׸֮򣡡
ʲô
ӵһЩڳ֮˶һı
Ϸԣ
ǽƻڳ£Ȼڹ֮˸Ĵ
ⶪĿɲǴҵˣǶ
佫һβμɻģȻǴ佫
Щʵƽƽȴڼıĳȣ佫ɹĵλɱĳҪ̫ˡ
˿̣λ佫Ļһ˫ɺ죬ս֮ŷ˶㣡
ֻǰڽƻĴڣһֱ̲
Ͼǳ
ֳЩʧǵ˺û뵽Ļּң
Ҫõʥ϶ˣʧȥǣ
ɵʥϾȻôˣ
ڴѾ᧿Σĵزˣ
ֳһ̾Ϣ㣬ʥҪδּңֻϣʥּܹһѪ
ж᲻ᵯֻδĴ
ֳ˫֮Ѿǻᣡ
ӽƻûκεͿԿóѶ
ӺٺһЦﵽǴĳһ׸Խˣɹͺˣ
һʯ
Ͽʵ˼ʮֵĴ
ոôĵ棬ȴӷڻϿˣ
佫еս񣬿ô佫棬նɱһڴй֮
Ǻ佫
Щ˿ɲ㵽ǲΪκεԭǿľΣʱûΪǳͷ
ɫ࣬ȻŪȨһѺ֣
ؾߣñɱҴ룡
ֺαϷأûͬ⣬ҲǺѳͰȻ̶֣ĳֻԽ޴ˣ
Цݿ䣬Цݵȴž޴ɱ
磬ô£
гų֮⣬ûоЩ
СһֱǵţһЩѣҲּڲһЩѣ
ɾڽ죬ƺĸо٣
һԵֻҲŵɪɪˣˣּ군ˣ
ϸĿЦŵû£أ£
ǷˣʱˣѾοǣּһˣ׵ˣ
ֻдһ˿Ŀն֮ɫһɾζ
ǺǣСӻûеּҵ峤أʲôꣿּڣͲ꣡
Ŀ֮дһ˿ʮζ
Ҫ֪׻磬ǿǶĴڣȻȻ˵Ǵһɸֵźͷ緶
ֻǸղû뵽ԼûҲ磬˾ȻôϵİԼʼˣ
İ
ĺƻλ׸˵ôһ䣡
ŮӦױ˰ɣ
˵Ŀȫڸ̨֮ϵ˵ʱ򣬾һ·ð˳
ܶ˶ǳǸ˹ȥֻ׶һ˰ǰ
һﲻǷ˰ɣѲɵڻƣʥ϶ѾˣȻϱ
ҿһŮ˰ɣǴһοǶ˶˰
ϧϼ壬ַ￴ˣʱ򻹵Ůأ
Ƿ˾һٱ飬Ҳ๼
˿ʱ򻹵˲ŷһĺͷŭ
ֳֳȻǱ֮ɫȣ׼ֱǲ֪
ƻסˣ
סˣ
ӺҲסˣ
һĪǸ岻ɣʱܹ˵óĻ
˿˵Ψһġ֣
ӿЦһףĶѲǰ𣿸ղҵĻѾ˵Ĺ˰ɣ
ϼոܵҵļνɣƺһεĴͻҲΪϼսս׿ɣ
״˿̴һ˿ͱ˵ƣѾ˸̨֮ϣ
һԭҪ׵ˣ֮ŵ˱ᣬ׳˹
ǡȻ
ӵĶͷϾȻ˵ðһ˿ϸ
ƻף΢΢һ̾дĿ࣬ǰɣϼᱻǣڴģϼҴ񹩷󣬹׷⣡
Ǻǣ˵ıȳĺ𣿡
׵Ŀһ̣չ¶ţ
ǹӰԵӣ˿һѪڣһһﾹȻܹ˵׳ɽӵĻ
һԵӺ˿Ҳ
ϼ챻𣬿׵ȴѾǸȾ˺ܶ˵ˣ




1709·նţ
 


仰ֱôĵƻѪɫ
һƷķȻٹٵ˵ϼΪ
ΪһȻŭɶ
Ҫ֪ڴ׸ߣƻоԼ߶ڶˣ֮ɱƵ֣
ֻǼҪ֣Ҳ֣
Ȼ˿̺Ҫնɱ֪ߵغСӣΪԼĽ
ףƺȾڳĺܶˡ
ӿףǵһףСȻʵһ㣬û뵽ӾȻ˵ǣ
ͳǣӾ׻ԼŮ
ף
ƻޱ飬ĴλվĿ͸һ
׿Žƻм˵˵ǵңǳ鰡Ȼˣּһźأ
ֳֳȻ׿ӣǲδǰֹ
ûϼʧ
ĹֳֳȻþһ㡣
һΪǣûڴϣȴҪԼ˵ϣγһֱأ
ȻҪˣҪôھôڰɣ
ƻȻ¶һ˿Цݵܺã޵ǺƢ޿ԴӦ㣬ֻҪ޻ϼ˵
ʥϣȮӣԸܹ
ֳȻĳ׵ķ˹ȥҪ˽ƻĸǰ
ˣ¹򣬸οҲϼ
׵һԭѾҪµֳȻȻվ
е֮ɫԱ
Ҫֳ֪ȻɼǿߣôԼأ
Ҹղſ׹ԼʱֳȻԼͼһ¡
ȻǱ׸ˣ˿ֳȻһƬĻ֮ɫ
ʲô
ԼСӲǸ
ʵ۱£СңϣǿĴﰡ
Žƻ¶һ˿Цݵ
Ϲ˼أ
׿Ļͦʵġ
ϡϹ㵨ࣿҲû뵽һѾˡ
Цһľ϶ҪּҸϹҪľ򣡣
һҿڳԣڡ
һЦһԵһ
¶һ˿ɭȻЦ⣬ͷԼ촽үүɣ
һߣ
ףϼûث֣Ǻģϼ֮
ֳ㿴ףŭ
峤ˡ
󣬼ʮλϼ֮˵Ҳǽıˣ
һԵֻҲȼһ˿ĻȣҪһ̣ƺҲôˣ
ֳҪּңҵΨսϣλܹΪϼ϶ս޺
۵ԲȽС˵
ԼףҲĨһ˿⡣
һССƷ壬ǿֵһᣡ
ݣ
һ
һ̣ԭ̼˲䶨סˣ
֮кȻֵǵɫâֳҲû뵽Щ˾Ȼ˵־Ͷ֣
ֳ˵ߣһȺѾסֳ˵ȥ·
һ̼Թߣ
뵽ɱֻһǴ׸һǱ˳֮Ϊף
СӻǱ簡ղǿˣɽ군˰
һҪǿڲڲõĻû˰
ҵͦСӵģȻʥ϶ܹô˵
ǴҲͱˣͿˣҪǿڱڳĻҡ
һ˼һ㣬ʵϽľ滹û˸ҳ
Ϊһ֣ǵھŭ˴ң
ͬĻд׸ǵòʧ飡
֮У
ƺŪԼʵΧѾط˺üȦ
Ӱأ
죡
һƺǲ̳һȥף
ԼĪ֮һ٣±Ͷ̥ʱǧͶһϡһʹġ
֪һıʲô𣿡׿Ȼʵ
ʲô
ʶĿʵû׵ͫѾ
ȭ
׵һ̶ˣȵһּȵѹȸУ
ǿǰ򣬸ΪֱҲΪǿң
ȭɽӣ
һ޵ȭӰѾǳķȥ
䣡
˲䣬ҫ۵Ľ˵Χŷ
ǵ޵ȭӰʧ˵ǰ
һ̣ѾǱ׵ȭͷֱӺƣﴦ˲䱬˿
һûȥǲŵĿǰһУ۾յĹԲĿף
һıԼɵ棬Ϊȫ綼һɵ棡
ջԼȭͷ˿̵ѾǺȻأ
һ̶Ŀɿڴ
⻹Ǹǿеķ𡮣һﾹȻ˵նɱһλţ




1710ҪĴ
 

ȫԾ
һȻնɱԴţ
ڴɲʲô֮ȻǳţڴаУҲǰéﰡ
ɾһλţȴַһȭɱ
һȭûκεˮ
ʵֲ̫һЩ
ֳֻĿɿڴĿǰһУ˶ǻ࿴ŶԷ㵵Щ˵ˣ
⡭𣿡
ֻŵҲͷ֮ǰһףҪһЩѵ
ɸոտһĻʱһֱ
˵˼ǷڿԼûͻƵɵ˲Ǹﰡ
Ҹ硭Ҹڵôᡭ
Ҳǵɴ۾ǰһУƺЩʶԼĸˡ
ֳЦһֲһһֱôţģһֱƭǰ
ֻʿˮ⡭һҲ̫˰ɣ˳ӣȻûб¶Լʵ
ʵҲƣҪǻӵ˵ʵĻֻ˵ĳԼ
Ҳֻ˵ãҪȻĻּҿͱ׸ƽˣ
ˣ
ĺף
һ̶ڵ
ԶûзӦԼӾͻԼļ֤±˸ˣ
ѣ
˿̻³ŭû뵽һȻԼˣ
أ
һɱǿƳֳɽѾǳ׵ķɱ
Կóں޲ý˺飡
ϹҲס׿¶һ˿ɭȻЦ⣡
Ȼʼˣ
һĿ꣬Ȼλɾ֮ˣ
ಣ
ʱ򣬴ЩѾǽΧס
ŭһҪ֮أ
ƾ㣿ߣûʸ񣡡
һһ˲䣬ԼѾǶһɽ
նɽƻֺ꣡
˲ǵףҲһ
һʵԲԼԿԸоóһҪǿԼ
ԭŭյһ˹
ȴг֮⣡
ǰһ㻹׼㵽ʱĻᣡ
˶סˣȻĻڽ̸
ĳ״䣬ûֻû뵽Ȼˣ
һӰ
ԭƺΧˮйͨ
ƻǰĳҲһҪ췴𣿡
ƻݺأȴ˥ˣֻ˳Ӧѣ
ˣ˿սףֳؽ
ߣɱɽƺѾ׼ˡ
һʱ䣬Ҳ
ȻһȵдʿȫΧɱң
Ȼ֮䣡
棬ֶλ֮ˣЩ˶ǽɼʵλɾǿߣ
ƻѪɫĿǰ龰û뵽ԼȦף
ѾǱѾˣ
ѱ䣬ýƻһִȥĸо
һ׼ֵĴԼĻһǺ׼Լˣ
ʵһĿȻ

ƻӣ׼ʩΨһİ취ȫֿ
ȵԮʱ򣬻Ҳƾ֣
Ӹ׼˵׿Цһĵֵ׷𣿡
ף֮ǰ޴ˣֻҪҷΪ
ƻѾûκεİ취棬ܹϵˣҪϣ
Ц˵ˣ䣡
㡭ЩͽȾ壬ݣ
ƻ˿ҲǱŭ˼㣬֪ڿ˭翿Լˣ
׿ŽƻһЦ죬ǳȥˣģĽ㿪أ
㡭ּһССƷ徹ȻҲҪıλ
ƻˣж˶Լλð
һƷĵӣھȻô˵Ҳ˵ҪıλǺεȵĳ谡
һ̣ƻЩˣ
û뵽ּ֮оȻһλ˵ţδΪһŤתǬ
һԵӵҲ㵣
ԭֻΪҪıλû뵽Լ˵ŮȻҲ뷨
һʱ䣬ƺǱߣһѵľ֮У
˿̣ѾǻսһƬڸĵϵϵĲɱţƻǱҲΧ˴ʿ
ƻϴһ˿ľȻ֪һսֻܹˣ

һ¶ǵԭйỤ
ЦԼڹһֱϢӿ
ֻǽƻԼҲ룬ղôԴй֮أ
˵һ̣ƻѾǳ׵ʧȥ⣬Ϊʲô
Ϊڹؼʱ̣й֮ɽƻ粵ĻᶼûУ
ּҲô
ֻּͻȻѣ
𣬷ӿ
ƺɫѾʼˡ




1711ľ
 


ƺǳȤ
ƻǱ߿֧ţʵɾڣһδƺб
Щ֮УȻλɾڵǿߣ
ʣµļλɾںɾڵǿҲǲϵŽƻ
ƻЩѾǱЩ˸û
ÿʱỵ̈ƺнƻߵ˵£
ڿǱߣҲǴɱķЩϵڿ֧ţ
ϼߣƺǳΪһȫ֮أ
ݺݵĿףΧҲǳλɾǿߣ
ɱҵҪô߳ط
һֻЩ֣һΪʲôʵôǿ
ɾǿ߰æˡ
׿ЦһһҾֵʼٸߣĵһǶġ
ݣ
δ䣡
Ѿǻһʧǰ
һ̣
ѾǳĸǰһЦ
ӰΣһ֮˻δӦѾըѿ
飡
֮ٿԱλɾ֮ˣﱻƣ̱ĵ˵ϣ
ԭ˺Χɱ׵ľ棬⻹ûпʼѾˣ
˲ɱλɾڵǿߣԭʮйƤһ㣡
㡭㵽ʲôˣ
࣡
ʿˮҲ̫ǿ˰ɣ
һѾǳɾĲΣ˼ѾǴﵽĲˣ
Ҫ𼶱ǿߣĻô氡
һǿߣ˶ٵɾҲǰ׳
ɱˣ˵ˣҪּңҲľ򣡣
ײ˵ʵһжѾƿ֮У
ֻڵȴնɱǽƻѣ
ףĨһ˿ӵҡǿԺҿΪĵ
ǣҺ㻹ûʸ񣡡΢΢ҡͷȻңӽ֮󽫲ˣ
ûû뵽׼ôʱ䣬˼£
˿Ҳǻָ侲
û㣬ĻҲûзУǸѣĴò˶ãҲΪɹеһ֣
׵֮иоһĿ־壡
Ϊλɱң
ʵҸͦģ·ѡһľѪΪҵūڶ
׿һﵹһıĺ֣
κһɹĳ佫ȻǲɻȱģȻ
׾ҲʧΪһ˲ţ
ֻҪԵĿƣΪԼǼȵΣյģ
ǳĸӣ
Կóǳ
˿̽ƻǱڲϵɱ˭뵽ʼٸߵڸ̸Щأ
ҡҡ˻ڴ
Ǹˣ֪ĵ
Ȼǰ֮ɱԼӵĳˣ²òͷ
ûһллᣬ˾ûκεĻˡ
а취
׵Ŀһ
ѪⶫǱҪԸſԣĻǿȡûκôġ

Ҳû̫ԥԸţ
ֻû뵽׵ֶξȻ֮࣬ȻܹͨѪƱˣ
ʵϣֶɾ֮ˣǲܴõġ
һξѪ
Ѿǻĸ׵ĸǰ
״һӣǾѪѾʧ˵ǰ֮У
飬Լȥ
һԿҲĿɿڴ֪׸˵Щʲô
ֻǵӿȡԼľѪʱҲסˣ
ûãƺ׵̬Ҳǲһˣ

׿˿˿Ѿ
ڡһĹ
Ӧ֪ô˰ɣ
׿¶һ˿ЦݣĻôڴߵɾ׶ˡ
ף
һΪϻ֮ˣȻ֪Ҫʲôˣ
໣
׽̸֮ʣƻһҽУǱƺҲѾǽӽβ
Žƻλɾǿߺ֮׵ʧϣ
Ųʺ;
һӴ˲ڣ
ŽƻҲļŭƻǻνĵֿ𣿡
˿̣Ǽģ
ֻҪƻˣôҲûκԼ谭ˣ
˿̼һ̶ֹͣ˴򶷣Ϊƻˣ֪Լĵֿ׻û壡
׸ܰһң޶л
Ҳ¶һ˿Ц⣬˿ѾԡޡԾӣ
ֻҪһǾȵˣ
ҪĻͥ˿˵ƺҲӲһЩ
ɫܸоڵЩԾĵطһʱỹ˵
㵨߱޾޸֮ˣҲΪһţ
ԭѾֹͣսǰʿҲסˣ
Ȼˣڳ˰ӵҲסˣ
ۻң
ʵǷ̫̫飬ǵ˼άоЩˣ




1712´𡢴׳
 


˵Ŀⶼ˴׸ƺһеıǳһ֣֮
û뵽֮ǰǸĻš
ת֮ͷˣ
Ҳľ֮ɫû뵽Ȼ˵ķ飡
㡭㾹ȻΥǵԼ
ŭһֻƿȥҪ˺ܶ࣡
˿Ѿ֮ˣﻹ˵ôࣿ
˲Ϊ
Ȼ׵ĺܣЦһҲҪΣɱ
Щ㶣һιΨһϼ
ʲôľǶǱģ
ȻЩʵǿʿϾʿǴɱ˻ѣ
һʱ䣬ذ
ʱߵƺҲǸоȥΪԭǵžԼǹӴ
Ļʵ۽ƻոձնɱŴ׸ѾǷ飡
Ҫ²ô׵ˣ
Ҳҧҧǰϵһŭıλ߱ڽɱ
˫£
ӶɳˣǰһУһı
֮ǰֵ׼һ̻ΪУ
ЩѾǹͶĵϵǣҲǳŭ
һеնɽѾʣ
ݣ
һɫĽջĽ˼Χ˶Ʒˣ
ָ
ûжĶһҪ׵൳˼
ѾΪ˹ȥʽɱ൳ǵǰΪҪ
ֻҪһʱƲԼµǰ϶ˡ
ʱ
ĸʱײδӹĲ룡
ԭ򣬻ǵһҪλִ֣
׼غϱն£
˿ѾһƬžΪһеһ׵ĳƺ׵ĸıˣ
ڽ죬ѾΪ˹ȥ
˵Ŀⶼվڸ̨֮ϵף˿еնɽɢѪĹâӳ£â¶

˺һֻǻ̲ס΢΢
һǺ
ԭһССƷ壬ȴʵЩо𾪣
δ·ô
˭Ҳ˵ãɴ˿˵ֻһоǾʵ̫ǿˣ
ֳֳȻųϲϵı仯˶ˣ
һԵֻҲǺòȥǵѾ֪ʲôݴ˿̵ˣ
ƻնɱնɱ
ƺһ뵽һ־֮У
Я˵ȣɾ𢣬ҵˮ֮У
˼ܣȻ֪ôĿĵʲô
ѾȺף
Ҫ˵ʵˣҲֻˣ
ȻһֻԭĳƷһϵӶѣ
˼չֳʵѾȺˡ
ʸ񡭡
׿ӾȻԼķ£Ҳ΢΢һЦȻǰˣ
ֻһԵȴǳصģ
Ҳǰɾʽƻ̻ؿɼɱǴģΪ
׸ʵ̧̫ˣ
׻һǫ飬˿Ѿǳ˵뻺˹ȥˡ
֪ЩʽҪģ
Լ˵ͱ˵ǾԲһ
ԭ˵ģû뵽ȴ˼磬Ȼǰһ˵˳
λϵȻ¹һ޾ɾ𢣬ˮ𣬳ȶ߾ȫѣ
վ΢΢һЦɾѾǷֱƻҲѾǱɱΪ³;ҴҲԸ֧ɾ³Ѱ
ȿɾǻ꣡
һεĴͷѾǶһĵˡ
ʵôһԭǾ׸ԼŮǿǶ׵İ
һҪԺ׵˻ʵ۵ĻҲǸ׹ˣ
һ˲䣡
ȫ£һɽХ
Ȼƴˣԭûôʵʩļƻɼƻϲϱ仯죡
Լû뵽ȻϷԵĳ棡
׿Źµˣ΢΢һЦȻ׸Լλʿ˳ģҪƴǾԵЩˣ
š
ӿΧļ˺Ȼ
ĩڣ
λɽѾǰǱȭŭ
ǸԴһǰдץ񣬵Ⱥʥϲþ
һֵҲǷǳƯȥ˺ܶĿ࣡
Ҳ֪һ֮һ֮Ҫɹ٣ڱǷǳҪģ
ҲԼһڣ
𣬴ڣ³šס
׶˿ﻹи˵ʲô
ôĸ֣ȫ
ΪҪǣƻն
Щ˸ͷĲӬһ㣬˭ҷҪ֪Ǿζпܱնɱ
һ̣ĽӹԭĴΪɽڶɹ֮еһӣ
һµƣĸ׵ϣ




1713ɽ
 


׸׻ȡģҲǶԼĹһֻˣ
ֵҲƣ
׼򵥵һ仰ѾһɽХ
סף
ڽʿһͳĺʵ϶˵ǴǴʵν
µ۵ǻ
ȻҪڳǵ̬ˣҪλµʵʵЩɲ⣡
Ȼ˵ɽ磬ԽǿԽã
ھԵʵǰκεıƺЩһ㣡
Ȼײͬ۵㣬ɵȷӵǿʵܶҪʡºܶ࣡
һüıնɱ˽ƻôӵҲȻԼΪµ۵ģ
ӿ׳£ձǻƵգյǻοҴ׳֮ģҴ׳֮ƣ׳Ҵ׳֮
ȿµǻ
ھǷ꣬˵ʲôһƱ˾͸Žк
΢΢ͷάֺýԳǵҵЩҪһ£
ʥƬ̣ȥȥ
ӿ׸Լ˵̬ȣ֪Լһεƨɹˡ
ʵϿնɱһ̣Ѳɾûж˼
Ҫ֪ƻɱôȨƵˡ
ɸղ׸쳣ľٶ˲侲
Լ˵ܹصסһƬ
ͿԼɾڵʵ
֮ҲǿЦ޿ܣ
񿴵Ѿ˳Ϊµĵһ
ĲʺϳΪһ֮
ȻˣһǾǰŮǿ͸
ʵǰ˼ҵҲû߼غϾͱնɱˡ
ԼˣҪȻӻǶõĽˣ
ʱףֻСһɷף
һʱĹ
ѡǬŤת
ԭΪԼ޸һôҲû뵽Լ޸Ĳһһλţ
ֻ˼ƽʱɽ¶ˮѣ
һˣ
׵ֻۣԼЩˣ
Ϊһ̻˿еķһѾǳΪµĿߣ
ɫתһʱԽܣһԵֳԼϼ嶼һ±ƣ
ֳڶЩҳ׵ķȥˣ
ԱߵҲһԵȺţ
˼ҵݿɲһˣԭΪĸ߸ϵĵףҲǸоһ㣡
ϲʥϿ³
˿ѾдʿԼ˵һȺȫ룡
ȴߣϾǳͷβ׵ˡ
׸ˣǵ鷿һɣ󲮡סֻҲҹɡ
׿ǼηηļˣҲ¶һ˿Цݣ
濴ף˹ȥѽ磬֪㲻ǵģ
֣
ֳȻ棬̺ǳ
޷ôǾôЦЦЩĿ˭Ҿôһأ
ʵϣԴɽʧȥ֮׵İģ
ҪΪĻԼ»ĵñ۸
ԼʵָˣȻǱ۰СѾͷˡ
ּ
ֳȻ佫ɹȨ൱ľηģ
εҡҡͷһԵֳֻҲЩҴĸо
ӵ鷿ڣ
˿׶ӵλϣʣµЩһҲΣ
Ͼβһˣ׵ݺ͵λҲһˣ
׿΢΢һЦŸλ֣ΪʲôһڵСӾôأ
ʥ֣΢΢һЦ
컹ǷſһЩɣǶԼˣ̫΢΢ֵ
бҵԽӵЩϳɳصĸо
һԵ׵ʥϵʵҵ˵Ҳκ˵׵ĳֻҪ֪ʥϵʵɲ⼴ɣ
ǽף˵ķʽͺ˽ˣ
ĻҲ΢΢ͷʵԼ˵ȷһЩô
ҪǱһظУӵ˾η
ӿ׵ʥյǻ֮£ѾҶͬ˾ȥˣڴЩ
ȫˣΪѣ׳
⡭ʥϣŻɽ亦ӵĨһ˿ɱ
֮ûеĻҲˣ׳
ʥլʺʵѰ֮˰
һǷԷθ˵Ļ˵ʵĳûһ٣Ҳʮˣ
ÿһεĳǼһɱ
ɽףȴҪд˸ˣƻĶӺӶˣ
һûۻǰ
ػ
ʵһĸоʲôػ
һԵףҲĿŮӢۣبŲĵ
תͷֳֳȻ˾нӣҲ˷ſĲźá




1714һ˵õȮ
 

鷿ڣ
ӵжҲͶأ
ʵϣѾĥ׼Դһʹɱ֣
Żɽл
û뵽׾Ȼ˵ľ
һ̣ԼҪǴ׵λûˣ
װڰ֣ʾȲҪ˵ֳֳȻ΢΢һЦ󲮡ס
ȡ
һ׵Ľкʶľ׼¹
Ͼ׵ݲͬˣȻǶûиһΪʲô
׸Ǵ𺳣ʵ̫̫ˣ
׵һӣԭҪµˣƺЩã
¶һ˿Цݵ󲮡ף¹ĵأ
һԵҲǻ˵ʥϣƣֳʥϳӦʥ֮Ϊ̫ϻʣ
ֳֳȻһĿɿڴһ˲䣬˵ĵλƺθߵһǰδеĸ߶ȣ
˼ͬʱʿˮһӶ֪Ӧ˵ʲôˣ
״Բ˵ԺǴ̫ϻʣ׳
ʵԭҲйϾֳȻԼĸףҲҪôһݣ
ټһвδκεӰ죬ֻһŶѣ
ʱôˣԺл˵ʵĻǵʱ˵ˣ
ߵ̫ϻʣ
Ҳһ꣬ǰԼĲ£Ϊ̫ϻˡ
ֳȻȻǲӦԼݣԼôͳΪ̫ϻأ
Ͻӵҡ
һȻ˵й塢мҹ棡ʥ֮Ҵ̫ϻʣ
׳ֳȻ΢΢ͷֳȻ̾һɡ
׳ʼ磬תһԵֳ޾ΪҴر
ʥϣҺεºܡ
ֳû뵽ԼһܹΪү˵үˣǶƷĹЩˡ
һӱүһǻ׹ݣҲһĻ֣̿
תʵ̫ˣ
󲮾ͲظڿˣϼԺǴĻ׹ݣϼһپ١һ
׳ֳЦŵʵϣΪεҲֻϼˣ
ҪֲԼԼİͼ
ܹĵĳȥѰԼŮ˺ͽǣ
ɽ̫嫣Լ󷽵ĻأȻҪõģ
Ȼˣ׵Ŀɲǽһôļ򵥣Ժʥʳǵ۳Ŀ꣡
Ҫɱ̫幬˱ûе۳ʵ붼ˣ
֪ܴ˼⳵սҲǳԲ
ֳҲЦŵνһ˵õȮ죬Թɹˣүֺαؽ黳أĴ֣
ɡܾøһֳ㵽ڻûлء
Цŵ˴ܹ³ҲǻԵɺϣİ
ڡ
ӹ׵
׶˶ٵȻҴϷɾ͵ÿˣ
ʥϣ⡭һļ
Ҫ֪ԼôĺպսҲһķţ
ȻķҪȺҪ߳һЩ˭Ҫأ
κûܹҲӵһźˣ
ˣҴ׸ոտ³ܶ黹Ҫү
ʵҲ֪ӻԼΪεˣ
³ոսٷϴˣȴҲܹԼȶġģ
ֻҪɹڣһжģ
˵ˣӵʵҲǷǳĲʱδزиľ
ӳҾߵлʥ¡ԵϹѣ
һӲүҲȷǴֱˣ
һԵֻЩ˼Ŀף
ǰ죬Լףո֮ǰΪɶôţ
һƺˣ
˼ҿɲŵʱǹΪ³۾
˼ȣԼֱ첻Ŀˡ
ֻСڻô𣿡׿ֻҲ΢΢һЦ
һԵ̵ֳʥϣСƽʱ˵ûиŵģҡһȥ֮һúõĹܽ
󲮣ԭһҪһһЩѵģΪҸ׵鱻СӸһٵʱҶҲǹĿ࿴СӻЩġ
׿ֻ˿ֻҲʵһ
סǡ˵ֻ˵Сʵ̫һЩ
һԵ濩һЦֻ磬Ҹ˵ˡ
ЦŵֻСڻǷȱһЩʵ̫һЩԳǵָʹλã뽻㣡ϣάԳǰͬʱܹŬԼʵ
ҡһʥ϶ҵֻһϲ
ָʹλãȻֻǶƷȨǷǳĴ֣
׿ֻҲ˵̫磬ָʹֱָӣҪ֪һЩؼĻҿһˡ
ңֻӦоͦġ
һվֻߵԲ˵ˣȻΪ׵һλˣ
ֻ˼۹ˣһԵȴûҪһ㣡
Ҫ֪ûд˵ĻôڶѾ׵Ůˡ
һ쿴׵ǡأ




1715ԹŮӢ
 

ӵ鷿ڣ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôԼʳ仰ʳ仰ʱҲǸоһ죡
Ůأ
Ҫ֪һǳԸˣڴҲ
Ϊ츳ڣΪΪŮΪ˺ܶĿеŮ
һŮ񣬲һΪһƻĴͻ飬ıԼˣ
֣ƺҲΪһεĴͻ飬ĸıˣ
˵֮ǰûһܹ۵˵Ļ
ôףȻĶǸˣ
һ뵽׵ʱŭƻĳ棬Ѫڣ
׵һ䣬䣡
Ǽ£ĸַɣԼҪǸӢۣ
ԹŮӢۣ
Ҳɽڶ࣬ڴһطδ̫棡
ʵϣɽ磬ſ֮һ㣬ʤ
ֻһܹжٵأ
Ҳ̫ˣ£
һԼŮȻǰҲһ
Ͼ֮ǰνĴͻ飬ǰĵ
ԭĴѾǸĳˣǸԼŮҪɻˣѾǹΪĵ
֮ǰǽƻĴͻ黹
Ȼʱĺĺˣ
үү¾͹
ƵĿԼүүҲĻԼΣ
ղһзͣʵҪ׵׸Լˣ
Ϊݣֻǿˣ
׿ҲǺǺһЦʵ֪㲢ҳףֻڽƻѣ
ʥϣ
ʵ˵ʱԼǳĻġ
ΪʱԼһͰ׸ȥˣֻΪʱԼҪ񣬶ֲ¶ѣ
ȻֻǽӴһΣΪԼ׸ˣ
˼ҲǰӣԼٳ߸ͷһΪ˴ڶλү
׿ɫһһ׵ӣҲǹһЦ˵ʵҪվλϣҲͬԼôŮһ׵ģô룬ϼҲô롭
һֻ֮ǰһЩ󴫣ҥԺ˰
΢΢ͷȷҥԺˣҲǱܶ˿𣬲⵹Ҳĥҵǲ𣿡
Цŵ̳̣Ҳ֤һֱȻʥǳɴߣȻСˣ
׿ЦŵӦҲҸղ˵İɣӦҲԸ޸ҵİɣ
ɫһʥϣҡ

׿΢΢һЦһԵҪͣƺԼ֮ǰôġ
ΪҪ޸ףҲһҪԼүү͸׵Χ
ֻôҲû뵽Ȼ㣡
ӿ׵ǫʥϣ׮֮ǰƻʥѾΪһ֮Ȼˡ
δദɣ֮Ը⣬ǵʱ򡭡
ʭӶ˲ծ˲
Ů˶ˣʵڵҲЩˣ
סˣû뵽׾Ȼô˵һЩסˡ
һԵӸǵɴ۾׵ʥǡ
ˣô˰ɣԺҲ˽ҵģ
˵ҲʵڹΪĵôأ
׻ƣΪ̫幬ƺûжȤ̫幬һֱҲ˹
ϲǾǵһ˦ƹ
ڵ˦ƹ֮ǰôΪĴڰɣ
ּ
Ҳ֪Ȼ׶ˣԼҪʼݵģǾǲʶôˣ
¶һ˿ɬЦ⣬ȥţȴǳˣ
׿ӵͷ׵ĹΣ
Ȼ֪һЩƻûһȷжϣ
ʵҲܹףȫΪ֮ǰԼľǷһԼʵϣ
ʵûлָ£Ҫȥ˽ЩҲǳ
ʱȥ˽Щˣ
Ҫɽ㣬ǾͱҪһܱɵɹ
׶ڵĿ꣬ҲֻԺܹڳȥطѰԼ˰
ɽʵ̫̫ˣɽĳǿߣһνЩţֵһᣡ
Ϊżֱϵķһ㣡
ʥϣոսĸкܶ˲֪ԳѾ˵ľ䣡˵ҴףдսдĥڴǴʥĵ̣
ӿףüͷҲ΢΢
ȻոսԼȴ֪׵Ҳù
˷ܹҲĨһ˿ĵ֮ɫ




1716ƲĴ
 


׵аһ룬ӵ鷿֮УƳȣ
ղĲӺһĿġ
ĵԼԼ޸һԼĿеӢۣȻһΪǸܣ
ΪǿҵķͶԱȣһӶĲĿ
Ӹ˵ȻǸӵĳˣһϵԺɾǻ׹˰
ԣӶڴ׵Ҳһжϣ
֮ǰƻĸʥģ
׿ʵҲúúõ˽һһˣ
һԵЦŵҴʵһʥ֮أڴ֣ʥڴʥ
׸ҵЩˣ˿ʥ𣿡
ЩɻĿûе
һʥȫǿѹĴڣΪʲôԼĶһ֣ʥĴأ
ϵ
Լĺ΢΢һЦʥϿ֪Ҫлߵɽˣ
ɽҵ֪ɽܹ赲ɱɽĽ
׿Щɵʵ
ʼȻǲܣɽȻ޷࣬ȴδ˵ʲô޳֣Ҫ赲һʥɱɽȻǲܵģ
ޣɽҲڳȺĴڣ
ֻⶫ½Χ
ɽ缸½֮У塢ѾвˣȻ󲿷ֻǵжԵĺܣ
ȻˣûдﵽɼϵޣҪлȥҲǷǳѵġ
ݸһЦ׸Ϊΰ
ʥѲɲ֪ɽīhԺ
ӿףҲһƣҪ֪֮ǰĴһֱܹôöʥûˣ
ȫΪɽҲΪhԺ
Ҫ˵hԺͷΪĲСǴʥҲǲҵִֵڡ
hԺһû
ȻûԺ֮ǰ˿ûκεĹϵ
ʱ׿Ǳŷİ
hԺǴʳΪӢţԺڴʳֱӹhԺԺǿǴʳΣλѰ˿Աİ
ֲôܹȻԭôһ㱳氡
¶һ˿Ц⣬ʳɲܹģ
ǵľ̫幬ҲǴﵽ˻ʳʵѣ
ĵ۳ǻһ൱ңԶľ룡
Ҳˣһ۳Ҫһţ˵ʵ̫ˣ
׵ʥϣʱɲصģǱ˵ʵҲǿ̸УʱǳսϾ¸ոս³֮ǰìܿνһʹˣĵķhԺķԺ
׸ǳͶ˰
Ǹоһ֣͸ոôһĹ򣬵׷ʲô
ڿȥȫΪ룬ѣ
΢΢һЦ۲ΰԣȻԸڴˣԺүЯ
ɲҵ׸ǴĶܹҴ𣬳Ҫϲ˰
ҲЦʵһ㣬ȴǳ˿ɱȣ
΢΢֣Ȼ£ͫhԺ֮Ĺϵҵ֪һЩġ
׿һԵʵүɷ֪hԺ֮һЩϵ
ʵҲûʲôɣ֮ǰһֱǸhԺѾʲô˰ӿ׵
һǰÿ궼hԺʯһЩҩ֮Ķ˵ƻͫhԺĳλ߲㱣ŲĹϵ
hԺĸ߲㣿
üͷһƻҲǻķˮ𰡡
ҵһϢȥĻhԺʱʲô۶Ӱ׳
ˮڣֻǸhԺһССķԺѣֲīhԺʲô
ЦһȻѾΪ˴ףͲڽκ˵вˣ
ӿ׵ӣҲǵʥϣ΢ãܹhԺǻǲҪǵĺãϾǴʳĵһԺһĻ¡
˲ҲˣhԺĵôߵĻĳҲǳصģ
׵ĸʮֵǿң˵ˣʵҲѾǿᵽһĵز
ɵʲôģѾӾһ£˻һܹô
ǿܹͱˣ
£СҴıոս˼ǣǱǰhԺһЩϵĻ
Ҳû뵽׾ȻhԺ£Ȼû뵽飡
ʱɣײδϡ
ӿײĴ˻⣬Ҳǵ£ɷƼݻʹյǻ֮ǰһЩҪ׼ġ
׵ͷ˱㳯˹ȥ
ֻǽ飬ƺѾͨܶ;˳ȥԳҲǳ׵Ľˣ




1717µǻ
 

Գǻʹڣ
µ۵ǻڶ
ľɫĻѾڽ֮Ʈ
ԭһŴӡǵĶҲѾǱĸɸɾȡ֮Ǵӡǣ
ǴҲ˴ĥģ
ʽʼ
׻ۼͷڣĴһĳż̨ķ˹ȥ
꣡
׳ֵһ̣ǽ֮һɽХڳ
»ʵǻ
λ۵»Ѿǿһµĳ
һµ׵ɢ
վ˸̨ǰ棬ˣıĳ֣ƽ
ǻ俪ʼ
ĳ佫ʼأ
̲û̫谭Ϊ쵽ӽһ֪İȫɱҡ֮У
֮³Ѿɣ
Ŵ׵׵ϣǿʱ
һ˾˳׿һۣ΢΢ͷ
λ˾̫ʥּ˳һɤ³ʥּ
꣡
£Ӻֳ˾˼ҪʥּҲٹٹ
λ˾˿룬ֳʥּĿ΢ˣʵگԻ⣬ִǬȡ֮ʵ֮»ʵǻٷϴˡ
һʱ䣬ܶ˶Ѿˣأ
֮ǰǸѾʧ˽Գǣ֮ǰĻңȻҲǲˡ
ǵȥʲôطҲ˵硣
ӽ³ڣҲ͹ȥ˲һʱ䣬ܶ˶ûзӦĹôأ
һЩ߾ݱսˣΪյĴս
ⲻ֪Ѿ͵컻գ˴ˣ
ܿͻᵽλģȻҲӵϢġ
ΪƷ佫ֳΪֻΪָʹ
˾Ǳߵܶ˶ĽĵĿֳˣ
ʵϣҲĽϾ˼֮ǰһ֮֮ϵˡ
ֳǿɾͲһ˰˼ҡһΪ˻׹ˣ
ܶ˶ԭǸôͱôţأ
ǻ䲻ϵĽš
ʵνĵǻҲǸʽѣ׼֮󣬾ʽΪĴĵˣ
·ܶ˶ԼְλŲ̶ͬȵ
֮ǰӵЩǣ϶Ц˻һ㣬ٷƵ˭أ
ϣٹܹΪҴķչһԼ
׻ܣ֪кܶ˲
֮ǰǵ𳯶һҡһΪµ
֪жĽʺأЩ׻
ȶΪ׾Ϲѣ
֮һɽХ
Ʊǿ
׹ΪĹ˭Σ
׸ҲǺ죡
ߣԲѣһ֮߱Ҳ˼Ϊµĵ˭
˶Ǳ˵ʱ򣬽·滺߽˼ˣ
Ǽ˿ȥһǿ׳죬һ˷е̬˿ŶоǳĲˬ
hԺ
˿Ǽ·Կ̵ĸС֣ӵҲһڵ
ߣҴ׹ƺλɰɣ
ȻҲһķסӶż׵ķ߹ȥ
ӣ㻹ǽͷݰıߴıߵ
Ϊ֮ˣԼĪʮӣȥʢ˵ĺܡ
Ҳйһ֮Եֻ֪˵ʲôݣ
㡭
ɫͺ죬ҲǷζըˣhԺ˾Ȼô˵棬ڮԼ
ȴ̫Ͼ˫hԺԺ޾鷳
׳˵Ҵ׻ʹȺˣ
ǣףҺθɣʥϽƻ֮ǲİɱˣĽɽѲɲҪһ𣿡
һȻЦݣҲ˵İ裡
ԱߵЩĳ佫ȴûһվ˵ģ
hԺ
ͳĸ֣ǾǸﲻĴڣ
ǰĴﲻĴ͵
Ҫ֪hԺıǿǶ۳µĳʳΪܵġ
ܶ˵Ŀⶼͣ׵ϣû뵽λոյǻ»ʣһ˵⣡
һҪˣԺڴǿɨأȫޣ
Ҫǲˣǿɾǵ˫hԺĳ
ô˿׻ľǱڻϿһ㡣
Ҫλ½ĵĵ˫hԺĻνĴҲֻǹˡ
һССôлʳīhԺԿأ
׸ֶĿдһ˿⣡
⻹˵ܲٲܲٵո˵hԺпܳ۶ӣû뵽ˣ
⼸һб
̧ͷ˿Ϊ׵īhԺ֮ˣֶ¶һ˿мߣҪǽ𣿡




1718ֶ
 

֮ϣ
״˻һ
ʹڼžΪѾ֪λµѡ
ǼhԺӿףҲһһ죡
û뵽һССȻҸǫhԺôţ˭ĵӰ
Աߣ
΢΢һ̾ʥϣǺοذһʱƽ˾
һԵҲǵͷʥϣ׸ԼǣҴ׸ոսٷϴˣʱ˫hԺʵٰ֮
׵¶һ˿ɱ˲ҲˣhԺһ֮ˣвޣҴ׵δ棿һɶѣȻ޸ô
׿ν飬ʵҲһʱѣ
˵ԭҪһ½֮ھǷԼ
ѾԼˣȻҲίȫ
磬׾ǴмĴڣɽ磬ܹ֮£
ǽ˸ɵۣ˵׻Ҫ΢һ̣
һССɣΪԼ֮ǰĽƻһܣ
ӿЦҡҡͷµĸʵ̫ǿһЩ
ֻҲûκεİ취˵ȥĻóȥˮ
Ϸ԰
ֵģ㻹ְȻҿҫhԺ
˿ףгһ˿˿ɱ⣬ԳôΣһܵ˵裡
֮ǰĽƻҲǰԼhԺ˵һĹŵġ
ڵŰ裬ЩѾϰΪ
ͻȻֲӵģȻ߳ŭˡ
ƾҲܴhԺԼ𣡽Ҵ׿³֮գȵðš
׵ͳһվߵĽѾĸǰ
ЩһɫĽʵΪ׵Ǹɾڵʵ
Ƕ֮ǰ𱣻ƻĽڳΪ׵Ļ˶ѡ
ĩڣ
λɾڵͷ֮˿ףϥ¹ûһ˿ı飡
ֵģҽ쵹ҪҪʲôҿ㣬ӽվߣʲôҹĿ࿴
˿ףʼճ˲м֮ɫ
ƺ׸ܸɳʲô
ףһεԵʥϣhԺ˴ʳֱԺҡҿЩȥʱһ׵İ취Σ
ҲǼæʥϡ
׵ʾӺ˲Ҫ˵ˣ
˿ѾӣҲһıưǳŲ˶ð
Ƕ׻˵˵Ѿûʲô̫ˣ
׿λǿ׳īhԺЦһ޸һλᣬ£ǿԻ
£һСС֮ˣȻҫhԺ˹£
ЦһԼĶ䣬ƺһ㣡
Ϸԣ
׵ɫıʵҲ֪˸ܻģ
ֻҪ̬ˣҲĵһڳ֮ˡ
ʥϲҪɱhԺ˰ɣ
˭֪أʥﻢ°˵ˣhԺƺҲ̫һЩ
ǰʥϱϾһ֮һССѧȻҴ㣬ʵЩȥ
Ҫɱ˫hԺˣ½ҲŲȥ찡
hԺǴʳĵһԺڴʳĵλҪɱ˵Ļǿ֮ﰡ
һȻҲ֪hԺ˷ǳᣡ
ɱϾ²òͷhԺɲܹĴڣ
ǼվɱֻҲû
Ͻͣ
hԺ⼸һҲǷǳľǿѾţ
ȻҶ²̨Ļǽֳֻܷһˡ
һӣЦ˼Ȼ˽ޣһhԺɱǣɱ
һ£
ЩȻԥһ£ɻ׵Ǽ˵ķɱ˹ȥ
˿̣һĿɿڴ
ǫhԺͷ֮Ҳû뵽һﾹȻ˵ķ񣬴ʱҲǳһ£
֮ǰǵ̾ǫhԺ
½ƺѫhԺУ
ɱ
һ˲䣬Ϊ֮ߵλѾˣ
׵ֶѾڳеˣ
׿ūhԺΪ֮ˣЦһʣһˣ
ʣµ˴˿һο׵ʱѾЩ̲סɪɪ
ĻǸɱһӾնɱλhԺѧͲ«hԺ𣿣
ţ㡭ǲɱңǴʥ̫ٷ磡
ٷԭԼǫhԺѧﶼǺаԵģ
ʵϣܹhԺˣһֲأ
ղűնɱ֮УǿɶǴʥĻ׹ݰ
ʥ̫ӣ
˼ǵһٷ˴ĳһǵô˵汻նɱģǿɲ˰
һʥҪһǼֱͲѴ֮
׿ٷ磬ЦһΣ޲hԺֺξʥ
˶о׷ˣ
hԺѾǵﲻˣһĴʥǼֱѩϼ˪




1719´ףΣӣ
 

֮£
ٷǱߣﻹ֮ǰŰ裿
ȡ֮һ̰ļ
ױ£ҡҿԸ׺ܶʯֻҪɱңʲôԸģ
ٷǺˣʵû뵽ԼȻһӣ
ǫhԺǴʥһԵġ
һǸҶ֣ҵԼնɱԼˣ
նɱhԺˣһﵨӿɲһķʰ
׿ٷ¶һ˿Ц̫ӵҪô˵ǲǾûô
ԼǣǡǱ֮ǰ³çˣ
ٷģԼ˸նɱĻʲôأ
Ҫľ뿪Ҫȥȱ
̫ӵ¹Ȼ尡޵Ҫ̫ӵڴͼգ֪̫ӵΰ
׿ٷ磬Ĵڣû˸ڶˣ
ͳնɱhԺ֮ˣѾסڳеˡ
ױ£ٹձҵȥhԺӣûȥĻʱ¡
ٷû뵽׾ȻԼߣ˿ϰµģ
һ֢Լܻܲȥ
һԼȥˣʱֻҪ΢ͼӴ׵˵һĻĸ𼸺ǽǰ飡
׺γ֪һ뷨ȻԼߣһ߿Ҳôˣ
ֻȻ˵ԼǴʥ̫ӣٶڴʥ˵һһʲ
ţ̫ӵѹȥտţ
һ䣬ɲǸٷʲôȻѾ˫hԺڶһʥأ
˵ˣ˵Ȼ죡
ֻû뵽Щ˾Ȼô죡
ٷ类Ѻȥӣ˶Ǻģ
Ȼû뵽λּҵķΪ˵Ȼ˵Ĺ
ǻ䣡
ΪhԺ֮˳֣ʹ˶һӰ
״Ӻ뿪֮󣬺ܶҲ۷׷ף
һЩѾǴ뿪ˣǸоѾ˾ͷ
Ҫ淨˭Ҳǿɽ
ǿΪոմȨգ֪ߵغı֣
׵Ҳǲ⣬Щ֮Ϊɵһ
ֳֳȻһԵֻȴһǳüӣ
Ǿɵ˿ҲӦ֪鵽׳ʲôķչ˰ɣ
鷿
׵һټ鷿棬ĸҲֻӡֳˣ
ʥϣҴһεĿɲǫhԺ
ӿĬӣЩ̲סĵһڵ
Ҳüͷû뵽ٷ羹ȻǴʥ̫ӣһӿɾѰˣ벻Ѿû۵ˣףΣӣ
˶֪Ϊʲô׻ôĳ嶯
֪ɽлƫɽУɲһǵĵٰ֮
Σӣ޵Ҫǵжı£
׵һ㶼ģʵѾӦ֮ߣ
ʥϣhԺʹʥɶѿеĹͷҿڲâ׵
׸νıâ߰ɣ΢΢һЦʵ
ʥϣҲֻ취ˣһʱٳµĻǿ¡ǵ˵
װڰֵȣhԺǲܴģĳģϾǴʳԺΪĳһѧ飬ʹѹɣ
ʥԼǣhԺȻڴѹѧԺڸƣʱһɳָʲôɱ֮ĻҲҵܹԵİ
ӿףܹ뵽ģ϶ǱĽ
Ӹһ׾ڽӣǵսԴʥûκεʤ㰡
ǰ磬ǲ֪ǫhԺжأһЩǳţҼǳۺҿҪȻǻûзӦ֮󼪰ɣ
һԿףİ취İ취һޣ
Ǿܣ
΢΢ֵİɣѾԳǲûǴЩӣֻҪЭҲú󷨾ˣ
󷨣ʥϣҲ赲סʥɣ
Щ˼ĿףʵǸ㲻λ½ĵôģ
飡
׳ĳһȣ˿Ѿǻĳ˵ĸǰ
Գ׵ĴӪǱҪ̺õģ
죬׸ѾǴˣһ˵Ųǣ
Ȼ󷨲̫幬Ļڴ󣬿󷨣ɻ֮£˵޵еĴˣ
ҲΪʲôҵնɱhԺ֮ˣΪѾѺ·ˡ
ٺ٣ʦ磬þĲѾ׼ˣ΢΢һЦ
ͻȻֵ飬ӵҲһ
Ϊ֮ǰܵõĴڣȻʵҲǲСﰡ
ʥϣλǣӿҲʿˮ
ʦܣ飡˽һ£Ȼ飬þԼҪ೤ʱ䣿
ԣ
ŵĿ˵




1720ǿĻǴ
 

Գǣ
һӰ֮Уڵǻ֮նɱhԺѧϢѾɢ˿
׸ոս³Գǵ˶û׹ô£
˾جģʵЩԽܰ
˿̽Գǵĳǲ֪ǣԳѾǱ׸׵׵ĸˡ
׵ʵҪһЩѣ
Ҫֻǽһɻʳڻ¼Ĵ󣬻ûжġ
ľ̫幬Ļڴǿɵ۳ڵǿ߶ѹƵģ
֮
վǵĳ֮ϣҲ¶һ˿Ц⣡
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һԵӺ⼸ææµµӣҲ΢΢ҡͷ
Ǵ
ǵȻ֪лǴûлǴҪúܶģ
ϾԳǳҪһǴĻ˹ƵļʾҪСܶˡ
ӿŪֱù
Ϊ׵ǿǫhԺʹʥˣ֮ǰĴߴССϺ
Ĵߴ㣬νĻǴҲ൱һ˰ɣ
ʥϣ⻤ǴȻҴһЩɡӿ׳
һԵֳҲЩ̲ס˵ʥϣԼǣ
ǺǣΪ⻤ǴôŽأ¶һ˿Цʵ
ʥϣðѯһ䣬֪ʥϵ⻤Ǵ˽ɼǿߣӳʵ
ɣǺǣ˵أ׷ʵ
׵ĻҲǵʥϣ˵䲻˵Ļܹ赲סɼǿߣɫhԺʹʥɾǿ߿Ų٣𼶱ǿҲУ
ߣɻʳ֮£Ҫҵľ󣬲ҿǣ޿ܣ
鵹һ۸ڶˣǰ˻ûм氡
Լʱ첼µľɴѾȻ˵ֻܹ赲סɼ
Ҫֻܹ赲סɼǿߣ粻Ūأ
ǰ˵ʲô
Ӻͬʱ⣬ղһԼоһۣ
ɻʣǶôңɼĴڰ
ʦ󷨸֣ɲһͨ󷨣Ҳܴ۵Ūһ󷨣
׿Ӻ˳
⡭ܹɻʳ֮µǿߣ´ʳĳܹӵд˵ȴ󰡣
ףϵ֮ɫԱ
Ȼô񣬿׶ô˵ˣҲȤ
ΪۼΪʵȻλţòһ
鵹ҲҪһ£Ͼ»صɽ֮һβ󷨣
Ҫĳ⣬ǿܴˣ
׸ȻȲţ˳Ƕŵķ򹥻˿ôɡ
׿ӺҲЦŵ
˿̣ӻһЩˣǶǴ˵棡
ʥϣȻ˵Ļ˿ɾͲ˰
Ӻ׵ĻҲ¶һ˿Ĳмʧ˵ĸǰ
ǿȥۣͬ˵
ǿɲţ
ԶӺһһֳ
˶ǵ෢ǵǿһ˿ҲҪκεĺ֣
ǿɲ׵νĻǴ˵ĹЧ
䣡
Χ
ܶ˶ĿɿڴĿӹǵĴţǶ֪ô£
һһĽӰڿл
ǽǵΧʯͷӽ˴֮У㽣
ֻӺôǴ˿̹
Ҫ֪˿ɶɾڵǿߣѾ˵˲ٵˡ
ʥϹɲⰡ
Ӻ˿Ѿǻǳ֮ϣر˻ǴĻҪ¶ܣ
˿̣ӺһԿŵֳҲһ̾ѣ
Ȼĺܰû뵽׸ϹȻ˿δǴʥͫhԺˣֻҪҵȲر⻤ǴҲ
ֳ㿴ףҲһļ
Ĵ󣬴ڲ֮ˣ
Ҳ̾ѵ˵д˵ȳӻǴʥٳ£Ҳֲ֮ʥ֮ǰǿӲ
׳ǴȻѾͺˣǾͿŰɣֻ
ڡ
ֻǳָʹĴſɶڿأ
ǴѾ޿ɾͽˡ
׿ֻ¶һ˿Ц
ּһʥС
ֻµ
ʥϣhԺ֮ӲҹţǡҪ¡
£˾˹׻ֵ̿˵
Ϣԭھϲ֮еˣһӱ




1721«hԺ˫
 

ʹڣ
˿̣һڽΧżˣһŵӣ
⼸˵ĴžͿԿóԫhԺ
Դǰµ۵նɱhԺļλѧ֮ƺ˶ڵȴūhԺǰʦ
ֻҲû뵽hԺ˾Ȼ֮죡
ʵϣ׵˲֪hԺںܶԼ
ϫhԺһ˲ŵĵطʵϺܶ˲֪hԺһְܣ
ǾǼʳھţ
ֳȻΪ̫ϻʣڹеĵλĸߣ
ײڣֳȻȻͦˣҪ֪׿ԼĶӣ
ȻҲ֪˫hԺ·һԼĶѾôˣҲֻһߵˣ
κ˶ԱԼĶӣΨȴԣ
λһΣ
ֳȻūhԺ֮ˣ̬ȵҲǷǳĹǫ
Ϊ֮һλŮӣȥԼĪʮ߰ˣ´һŵϢ
ĿֳȻǺˣ
Ҵ̫ϻʣ
˾һλ£ŵµλŮӵ
ʵϣūhԺʦڵĹ˵ǶǼٵġ
֮ǰѾǰѫhԺ˺ˣҲֻܹӲͷƤˡ
Ůӵıһ˿Į̫ϻʣһССʲôаŴ¾նɱҫhԺѧд£
ȷд£
ֳȻ֪ôĹȥأ
Щ˼ȻѾߣ϶Ѿͱ˫hԺǱȥˣ
ߣǵǹĺܣҫhԺ񣬻ûĸʥ֮˵ҵնɱԺ֮ˣǺôĵӣ
һɱϢӴŮӵðǺƺ˲ʹ¶Ȼ½
ֳȻϾֻʵǰλŮʵЩ
Щǰ֮˵ŭһҲŵú˼֣
ϣѾǲ̫̫ˡ
ʵϵľ޴⣬˸оһľ
ֳȻ׵ԼŶɽһŮ˵ʸǣ
hԺ˫
˫ֳȻ³˼֣һƬƲʣ
ʲô㡭ǫhԺʮλ˫ǰ
ֳȻ˵ЩˣԿóʱ֮һĨ𺳣
hԺǶ۳ĴԺ֮һ۳ҲȻ
ԺۼſÿһʱһЩ֮ųһЩ񵥣
˵Ű֮ģʵϾָīhԺŰ
ܹŰˣһܻʳ̳
˵ӫhԺҵֻ֮ҪܹǰʮˣһǷ֣
ɼǰʮһʥЩ˵Ƕôľɱˡ
Ҳѹֳ֣Ȼһ˫֣Ҳŵһ£
½СǶǫhԺһЩ˽⣡
˫һ˿Ȼ֮ɫɿȥǱ˲ҿһ㣡
ǰhԺѧǴѣȷһ׮磬ɡǡ
ֳȻϰµģ֪ЩվҪһµġ
˫΢΢֣˪ֻͣ˭µǸһ̸ҹҶҪô׻ʹѪɺӣ
ǰҽ͡
ֳȻһҲ֪Ӧô˵ˣѾǸܵ˶ǰϢ
˫ȥҲ˶ٵŮӣû뵽ʵȻ˵ǿᡣ
һֳȻѾоԲˣ
ݣ
ֳȻ֮ʣ˫һһֻѾǽֳȻ
ֳȻɴ۾˫ĺ֮вסķһҵĿ֮
һ飬˭նɱҫhԺѧҪףˣݲ׷
˫ֳȻɶֳȻȴЩĸо
˫ߣhԺ̫˰ɣ
Լ飬ҫhԺֲһСС˵ģ
˫¶һ˿Ц̬֮ǰٷȫһ
ֳȻ˵µȻҪǾʹߺˣ
µ
˫ǻķֳȻ΢΢ü
ʦ㣬Щ˷ʲôʲôȻҵնɱҫhԺѧֱǴԺ
˫Աߣһµ
µֳȻȻ˵
ȻҪĻҾͳȫ㣡ǴҵնɱҫhԺѧҫhԺҲȻͶұնɱ㣡
˫оһж֮е飬ûκεĲף
кξ壿ǿҲ㲻ʲô£ֳȻЦһ
Ǵսɱˣ˵ʲôúµأ
Ӳ
˫ѾǶһɽֳȻȻ˵ĴʴʣҲһ䣡
ɽѾڿն𣬾׼ֳȻķնɱȥ
ɾʱһϵѾǴ˳




1722°
 

ס֣
һϵ˫ı˳ŸоһĲ
˫üͷԶȥ
ʱλسѾǳ˹
ߣһССǾȻͷֱ
˫ԱߣλʦҲЦһ
˫֮ǰţλ½ĴնɱҫhԺѧİɣ
ʦ㣬ǵ˵ȷô˵ģԳǣһﲻҲô˵𣿡Ǹʦܳ
˵ɣһأ˫Ŀף
СףϽߣ
ֳȻ˿Ҳ˲ʲôʥϲʥϵĺˣҪľǰ׸Ū߰
hԺǰʮʥ¶ﲻɣ
ϾǿɶǴܻʳصעĶ󰡣

׿һԵӳ
ڡӳ
ʹ޵Ҫ˭˷ҹţҸףֱ޿ˡ
׵ĻһԵ˫Ҳһ㶣
һǲǸӰѲ֪ԼǫhԺ
˫׳󵨣֪ҵǺˣ
ԭ˫ҪΪǲնɱǫhԺˡ
ɻûеȵ׼ãͿһֱӷˣҿȥһ޼ɵӣ
˫оǳĲãʵڵĸо֮ǰٷĸоȫһ
Լܵ裬ССĴӦǣ
ֻϧһˣ
ߣhԺһ١ٶ޵ϣΪ޵Ƶģ
׿˫Ҳһ
ȻѾɱ䣬ʲô֣ǰŮǸεεĴŮΣ
ɽ磬Ůʵ̫̫ˣǸŮҪŹĻԺɽҲû취ˣ
˫סˣ׵㡭֪ǫhԺˣ
Ѳǵ·ûдľΪǵˣǲǾӦΧתȶӾʹ
׵֮г˼֮⣡
ôĵӣȻҸʦô˵Ų̫
˫ԣǸQʦܣ˿һεվ˳
ʦܣ£
˫һ£Ҳ˵˿׻һЩȤ
һССȻǫhԺУ
ѲһǸӣոսͲ֪ߵغˣ
ʥǫhԺҲǹԹԵĸǶ˲ˮ
Ҫ֪ǫhԺ˻֮⣬Ҫˣ
ڴܻʳٷ֮ʮϵԱګhԺ⻹˵ǵжô
ʦ㣬˻Լ̲ˣƣ²ֵ֪ôдأ
¿ףеɽѾʣֱָ׵üģ
ߣýָʦ磿ӻǷʰ
黺Ĵ׵ǰ˳ǸµļһҲЦһ
˫Ĭ֪ģ
һһֱҪԼĸǰһ£˫ΪʮˣҲǺܴ
˫ʵѾﵽɾڣҲѾǴﵽɾ۷ĲΣ
ʵϣʵګhԺ֮ǰĴǶǷǳˣ
ϾһʵǿߣҲɾģһЩͶһЩǿ߲ɾڶѣ
Ҫ֪Ǵ֮ģҲеƫϵˡ
ʦ㣬ʰʰﲻ֪ߵغļһɣҫhԺδ氡
һ̤׵ĻʹҲ΢΢һ
˫׳ٸһλᣬһثhԺҿԱ֤Ǵ˵ǣ
ֻhԺҴ׶Ҫǽɱ֪ĶҪǻȥǰԼ̫ҪһЩ
׵ĻѾǳ׵İ̬ȣ
ʦ㣬Ƿϻˡ
ѾЩȲ׼ȥˣ
˫ףЩ˵΢΢һ̾ұԸ󶯸ɸ꣬κʵ̫ڤ粻ˣҫhԺΪУúˣ
ΪУȿú𣿡Цһһµƻĸ˳
仰ֱ˫оЩˣ
ŵģûмôŵģ
һŵҲ̫ͷһЩɣһССȻҸhԺ˵Ļ
ߣǻزͷˡ˫΢΢ҡͷ
һԵѾǳ׵ķɱȥдһ˿⣡
ҲǱ̼ˣһ˿Ƕô˵鰡
Ҵߣɱ⣡
׵Ŀбĳ˼֣һԵѾµĸǰ
飬ԺΪhԺһجΰĴڰɣ




1723ǿ
 

Ҵߣɱ⣡
׵ĻһĻص׵Ļʹ֮У
ô꣬˭ҸhԺô˵
ûУ
ûһʥĵҸhԺô˵˻ǫhԺǰʮ
˫˿ҲĨһ˿Īľ
һ̫ˣŵһʱᶼûа취ػˣ
Ҫģûм˻ǱߴԲѵģ
׵仰νǳ׵׵ļŭ˫ҪǲǼֱûˣ
һССȻ˵ר裬ܻʳһѧԺ˶У
Ҫ˵ȥĻ¶û˸ǰʵ
Ҳλ֮еֻϧֻʮң
hѧԺÿһڶʮˣֻעǰʮλĴڣ
Ͼڶ࣬˭ֻȥЩĩأģ
Ϊĸ֣ҲԼĽȻǰʮĴȻһЩࡣ
һĶ֣ΪѾǴﵽɾ۷ĲΣ
ʦ㣬ȻҪұȫ
һһ˲˵ѾǱŷ
ɾ۷ʵȷǺޱȣ
ֳȻһԿףǵҲǳ˵֮ɫ
ȻɾڵʵǸһݣ
ټһ˫λǰʮڣǵиӵûˡ
Ѿǵ˲ݵľˣ
һ̤¶һ˿ЦݵĵһССҲҸʦҪ㵽м
¿ģһһȥҲҶ֣
µָһ̧ʳָѾָ˶ף
㻹޶֣һѾǳŴ׻ʹλ˹ȥ
ţ
¶һǿţ·ǰЩhԺֻĳѣ
˫Ŀ֮УȻҲĿתоѾЩǰһˡ
ߣСС֮ˣ֪챾Ҫ㿴ԼǸʲô
䣡
䣡
µѾǷһѵΪģâѾǱ
򣬺ɨǧ
Ž彣
µĿĺȳһʽ֣ΧЩһ㣬裡
ʮ֮ڣѾγһǿĽ籩

籩Ƿһĳ׵ķХȥ·Ҫ˺ڵķ
ŽȻ鴫ӲҲЩû뵽¾ȻѾܹ߶Žĵ彣˰
˫Աߣһͱ˫Դ
ʦ֣ͱǫˣĴڣŽôܹķأ
˫һǸȥ˹
˫»û֪ǸȥƽһļһȻλ˫ʮĴڻҪ߳ܶడ
˫Ҳ鳤㼸ѣʵҪ츳Ļ֮ϣ
ҿԶ£ҲЦЦ
֪ðĴʵ̫һЩҿȥһһţֱ̫ˣǸԺֻץնɱԺ֮ˣû뵽ǾȻҸǶ֣һ˵ĴԲѣ
˫Щܹأ
һССôҸأ
һ˳˳ˮ˫һξѾ͵ļޣ
¶ֵʱûֹ
ҲҪ֪֪ǫhԺ
һ̾Щ̶֣̼첻ľͽһһɱ˽ƻҲǲģֻ⼸ʢ֪ߵغˡ
ʦ磬ȻΪ˵Щ·ϣҫhԺǾ
˫УhԺ˴ܻʳĻ֮⣬ǶҪӵġ
һССܹôɵĻԺܻʳʲôλԣ
ҵǰǸһ˵ûзܹȴҲЩıƺʦ°ɣ
ҿ˿ףƺҲһЩȤˣ
˫ЩĿҵʦ磬˼ܸұȣ
⵹Ҳǣֻ˵츳ҲѣûԹ˭֪أҵĶס
˼ƺûһۣҲһգ
ǿıԼĵ͵˵滹ûֵأ
Ҳţ滹ֲ
Զ
µѿһ˿̵Ц⣬鵲׵ĸǰĨһ˿䣡
ȻҪǱͳȫǣǸҫhԺԵ³
µĿŭһǽ籩Ѿǿٵĳķƶ˹ȥ
ˣ
֮䣬һ֮ѾǾۼߣ
֮лĳһ޵޽Ӱ֣
֮£ȴһֺ˵ѹ
鿴΢΢ҡͷúһҺܶ궼ûùһɡ
ݣ
һƻĽѾǵֽµĽ籩ܿײһ飡
ɵǵ޵ĽӴ籩һ˲䣬ǽ籩ǿʲôµĹһ㣬ֱ޽֮У
䣡
֮УƵǵµĸǰ˿
˲䣬֮µ߸ѿ
ѾǱεĽгƬһ㣬ɢڿռ֮У
̣
˱ֶθ𾪵°ͶҪˣ




1724¾Ӻ
 

һ
ղŻҫ£һ˲ܧûȺĿ֮У
֮ɢһ˿Ƭ¶ûܹ֪ղһ˲䣬һλɾ۷ǿ߸ոջڹ
ˣ
ĺףȴ˸оһĹ죡
һĿɿڴǶ֪λ鵽˭
ոձΪǳ֮߼үˣ
ֻֻ֪м˶ѣҲ֪ʵԹ滹Щˬ
ӣԼôʵǲŻ쵽һ
ȻҲүȣǲһΣ
ǿү֮мߵģү֮еڶȵĴڶѣ
񣬵ӺһֱӺɱ˫hԺʮλµʱǶˣ
⡭顭ʵ𣿡
ӵĺ֮зһ๾ʵ̫ˣоԼûмһ㣡
Դ׳֮ԼɽĹѾЩ׵ĸıˣ
ܹһնɱɾڵǿߣӾѾǹǿˡ
û뵽ǰλողȻҲˣ
һնɱĻǺųƴܻʳΪӢīhԺɾǿ߰
ҲǳƵ˵ò˵ʵѾҵҹʵӦôﵽɾ۷Ĳΰɣ
ɾ۷壿⡭ȥŶ󰡣ҲˣʵЩⰡ
̾һֲ֮ǰʥһֱѫhԺ˷УҿʥϾȥ˫hԺҲһһŰ
ʿˮģ׸˵ʵⱲӶûиоôˬǿǫhԺ˰˵ɱɱˣ
ʥӢţĵҲֵõģٲҪڶЩ˱ϥ˰
Ҳһ˵˵ʵղһȻΪء
ڿȥƺһжʥϵƿ֮У
ڼϻǴԭоhԺԿûһ˿ĵȴıԼ뷨
ҪĸhԺֵĻһӵǵ˵
үʥϸhԺһܻҲԲ׵ĸԤģϾҲڴܻʳֻҪвܻʳʥϵĵλû£Щʱĥδǻ°
ڵ֮˽ķǳ͸
hԺȻǴһССڲƽҪܻԳ棬Ƕ˶ˣ
Ҫһ㣬Ȼڴ֣
ɴ֣˵Ҳڴܻʳģ˵ϵ֮УֻЩֱȴǴܻʳˣ
ѲɴܻΪhԺˣǳȥ˴
޿ܣ
ûһ㣬Ϊ֮ǰĴֵôܻʳȥע
ҪǱܻʳעĻǴܻʳȻԤУ
hԺһ˳˳ˮϰˣܵһЩۣҲȨĥǵˣ
׸ԼǰǴ׺õҲڴܻʳܲܺ˱˰ɣҪǸʱ򣬶˵ķǫhԺ
Ҳ鼤ֻҪܹ˫hԺľʱҲֻܹűϵùˣ
˿ˮף΢΢һ̾ʥϻͿһ㣬ʥӦҲŸҸhԺԿĵƣһкϷ˰
ϣ˰ɣնɱ˶λhԺ֮ˣѾǲݵľ˰ӻЩǵ˵
ͬΪ׸ȴһֱʥhԺӰ֮Уһ˿׸ĵλʥɱϣȴҲڸҵλ
Ҳ΢΢һ̾
ҧҧģ죬꣡ȻѾ̤һǾûлͷ·ˣҵĻţɳһЩ춯ص
ҲǴ⣬үҵ뵽һȥˣ
ӣҲ¶һ˿Цݣʵڿӣ
۹ΪĶһѾǿ˺ܶĶ
ӵ죬ҲǶһµ
˵ʵЩҪ̵ȻʵҪǿ
ıԻǣĲһϵλ׸ˣ
˿̵һߣ
hԺǱߵļˣȴһ仰Ҳû˵ó
ɴǵ֮У˾һ˿
Ǻˣ
µ˫ҵ˴ĳʵ̫̫ˣ
һղŻǱ߸˵ˣѾǱնɱڴ׻ʹĹ㳡֮У
һ̣ƺѾʼˣ




1725ʮ֮Լ
 

׻ʹ
ʹĹ㳡֮ϣ˿һƬɪ֮
ڸոգhԺʮλǿ£һ֪˸ɱˣ
ʦ磬ʦˣ
˫ڻܹһʵҪ֪ǿǹʦģ
ɽ˰ʱĹ򣬷ͻ䣡
Ҹ˫⼸ˣһ֮еٮٮߣ
ȻλߵҲңɾҲǷǳ˵ϡ
ݣȥһ𺳼ݣ
Ҳôģһֱղֵʱǵ
ɵȵ֮Ҳɵˣ
£
ԼȻоЩСʦܣıնɱԼĸǰûü֣
ʿˮ⡭ЩǲǷˣ
ʦ磬աղǸ˵ʵǿҡҸоûпôеģʦѾǳĽˣ
˫ԭ׾ӣ˿̱ûһ˿˿Ѫɫ
ʦãǽ鷳ˣǴ鷳
ҵҲǴһ˿ǣ֪ԼӲˣ
Щ˹Ȼڻʹ֮ڣĿ֮նɱhѧԺ֮ˣ˵һУ
ʵϣ֮ǰǶĵ
ʱһıŭ
ֻȱŭղŵһѾǱ˿־壡
鿴˿Һ˫˵ǣ˭Ҫʦģ
ҿºˣ
˴飡
鵹ҲǲЩˣǴǿ٣Ҳһս֮
˵СආˣЩνиֵһᣡ
𣿡
֮ǰƺûĻһ˸У
ɽ֮һֻдﵽɾϼǿߣܹ˵ĳƺ
˵ɾƺԼΪƺԼΪ
ȻɻʺɵȻҲһĳƺǴŴ˵ʵ

˵˵ʵѾǴﵽ𼶱ĲΣ
ǿɾѾһˣ
ɽ֮УԽϣǾһ㣬Խ٣
ɾɽǱȽϵӴģɽɾıҲٷ֮һѣ
Ҳ˵Լÿλɾ֮вһܹﵽĲΣ
hԺһȥţģǾ˴ﵽɾĲξͺд
ɾﵽĲΣĿɲкܶزУ
˵ʱ˺ȱһɣܹҴɾΣ
ǰǰǿߣ
ԭһ˿սѾǳʧӰ٣
Ȼɾ۷壬ɸǼֱǴ˸Сڴһ㣡
ĳţɽҪԽսǲܵ顣
һǼˣʦ緢ɣ
˵꣬һַ緶ӣ׵ķ˹ȥȻվ׵Աߣ
£Ѿһ̾Ϣ֮
λȻ𼶱ǿߣʵֲ̫˰
û뵽ҴȻҲ𼶱ǿ򣬼ֱ̫˼˰
Ǳ˵̫ˣhԺɲǺǵİ
ǰhԺԺǿǴܻʳ׸ǿ߰
˻ϲǣ
̬ҲǿģϾܻʳʵǲһ򵥵ܹġ
ҿףһҲ֪Ӧ˵Щʲôˣ
һԵ˫ʦ֣ۡӦô찡
һῴɫƣҵȻزȥĻǿֻ֪ͨ˻ȥ˰
ҲǲҵһЦܻܲȥûе
ڶ˵Ѿ׵ɥʧˣ
˫Ҳǲ̫࣬Ҳϰµģ
һҹԭҪhԺͷģû뵽ͷûгѾǱˣ
״֮վҺ˫hԺðҴΪҴûһս֮ޣڴhԺҴһպҴ׵ĵˣ
㡭㾹ȻëhԺһСС㡭Ҳ̫˰ɣҵȲǫhԺ˶ѣɸɽһУ
ҲǸƢˣֺӣҲǻˣ
ֻҲ룬֮ǰhԺԴй֮޲ģ
ʮ֮޶ǰɽָ˵ʮ֮ڣ֫hԺ֮˳Ҵ׳ɱ֮
һҪɱ䣬ɱ˲ѣ
ʵϣҪԼһӸʵġ
㡭㲻ɱǣ
˫Ҳǵɴ۾ʵ
Ϸԣʮ֮ɽԻǰȥ
׵˵ԽԽ򵥣ԽҺ˫ԽЩ͸
תŹȥһԵ˵Ϳͣ




1726İʦ
 

鷿ڣ
֮ϣһԵļλԱߣ
ĵλѾ·˽֪ˣ͸ղһγѾһĵˣ
ԭ׵Զ˵ڶŵλϣһŵλø飡
һﵹҲûκεǫ飬ֱȥ
磬ǿ߰
濴ŸԼͲ飬гСģ
ٺһЦҪҪΪʦѽ̫ãˣ˰
飬СӾͲеа
׿ˣӣҲû˵
ٺһЦʦ磬˵ʵ㿴ֽӣҪΪʦҿ㿼ǵİ
ͰΪʦˣҲں׺ٺһЦʦɲôõİ
ʦ磬㻹˰Ƶ˵ǿЦѣ
ҪոͽܣֲͷԸ񣬿϶Щģ
ӿʵǷܹ湫ʦҲ鰡
ǰҵʵû뵽ȻǿߣʵҴ֮Ұ
Ҳǳ˵һ𼶱ǿߣ
ֱӾôʹᰡ
½ĴȻǿĻԺǻǹĽࣿ
һжҪȵhԺԺˣ
Ȼһλ𼶱ǿߣµҲ᧿Σ
ڿĲ׵ǿƺһոðѣ
һɽǴ֮Ҳ֮еˡ
ϣͽһݣ
浹ǻĺܣֱӹ˵ϣ鿪ʼаʦ֮ˣ
鿴Ҳ̾һҡһûչͽء
һͽܣֱӵ
ʦ磬ҡҸղžǿЦһͷ
Цŵ㲻᲻øɣ
ʦͽ衭
ЩƤĶ˲豭Ȼ鵹ɲ裬˫ϣ
΢΢һ̾ɻȻ԰ˣҾƸոͽܰɣʦ磬ɶǿϰ
ʦϣͽһݣ
һĻֱӽ豭ݸ飬Ȼڵϣͷ
񣬲ͽܣҪóԿͷ׼Σ
ȻʦģͽһʦŬΪһΪõ˲ţ
ɶ㡭ҪɶʦȻԣɡ
װı»һһģ
׹һֵʲôƷʲôľˣֲҪø㼤ʲô
Ʒ
ӵ˵°Ͷ쾪ˣ
һԵֳȻҲǿЦһСװɱΪˣ˼õóƷ
ⲻֳȻһô룬ʵڳ˳׻϶ôġ
ֲȥгײˣƷ˵ˣʥҲóһѳ
ȻƷǲ٣һƿЩֵϣ
ƷǼֵ¶ֵܹϰֹˣ
ǰ磬ⲻΪʦʦô֣˵Ҳע㰡ҪˣǴ׿ɾһ˰
СӻǻΪ׿ǣֻκ˶ܹ·ˣһҲܲ
˭أ
һԵҲЩŵ˵ǰʥϣǰʵǿᣬǿɵá
׿һܵӣû˵ǻһƽҿӦøúõĥһĥûʲôöԼõģ

׵һϯһȦ
Ͼɽǿߣǿǻеģ
ֻڲ֪Ϊʲô׻̬ȣ
Ҫ֪ʵڴܻʳǿҲ൱ĵλİ
𼶱ǿߣڻʳ֮ǵλǸܸܵģ
ɸЩƵǣô׼ң˼һֱɵǺǵģһ£
׵ʵ鰡Ϊʲô黹һֱƺΪʦأ
벻ͨ
ЩʵЩ벻ͨѲʲôѱ׵ϲɣ
һµɶϾͽܣʦҲܹ̫ײǣȻʦ˵ˣȻҲиʦƷˡ
仰ҲһƷҪ˵;ͣǻ
ɽ׵һ仰һĿɿڴ
鿴ͽƷҲòˣϾʵ̫һЩƷɼ׵ǿԸһԵһнɼ¼Ĺ
˵꣬һ˿ɼѾҫ˵ǰ
˿˿һɼףһӶ֪Ӧôˣ
̫˰
Ҫ˵ɽ磬ƷǱȹ͵ҪӵֵǮ
ղǻһΪòƷһ̣óĶѾǳ׵ĵ߸ǵ˼άˣ




1727ɽ
 

Ʒ
ж˿ɼףһΧ۵ļ˿ˮˡ
ǲ˵ˣȻ˶ΪʹȨ
ɼĺöҲǸŵ֣
֪ҲòһƷʲôƷˣ
οһƷɼף

һһӵһ˵䱦ɿƹˣ
ɽĺܶණʵ֪
׻˵úãûгԹ⻹ûм
Щ˵ǱûмƷɶģû˵
˵˵˸ǰʱ־޴ĳʵЩ˲Ѱ
ʦʦ⡭ļٵİƷҡ
治ǲţһġ
Ʒôһִڰ
˵ʵ֮ǰԼĸ׻ǴӦһġ
ֻû뵽ȸԼ˾ȻԼʦ𣬸ЩĿǣһε̫ˣ
ֳȻҲʿˮ⡭ƷĻǡҲ̫һЩʹã
ƷɼװǳڴܻʳҲҪС𶯰ֱҲ̫һЩɡ
Ӻ˶ú۲ˣں޲ɼ׾ʹԼϣ
ƷɼװֱĽĽ࣡
һ˵һƷɾƷҲǷֵֺܶģ
ϵ֣Ʒˡ
ʤޣ
ܶΪһƴأȻҲˣ
Ҫ֪ǵ׻ԴѷɽԴʵ׻ǸʱҪѷĶ࣡
ܹӵһȵ۳һʵľ̫幬ŵԴֱǴ̰
Ȼˣ̫幬ǵǿв۳ĵزҲһ³
⻹Ǳˣ
鿴ˣƨһƷɼ׶ѣ㲻ʲô
⡭⻹㲻ʲôʲôϰ
ӶѪˣҲ̫ţһɣⶫ㲻ʲô
ɽ绹м˸ôţ˵Ļ
˼λ۳ĵ𣬿º˸ôţ˰ɣ
һȻ˵ĻӲ֪ӦӦˣ
飬ѾǱֺˡ
һԵҲ΢΢ҡͷʵ̾Ϊֹ̾Ϊֹû뵽֮꾹Ȼܹɶ칤Ʒɼף
һµͽɼѪˣŶˣﻹмƷƷΪʦţΪʦ᲻ãƷŻƷʹΪʦʱȰƷãʵˣʱ򡭡
Ѫ
Ѫ
Ļ·ֱӵ˵ģһӣôԴײŸ㵽һƷ
Ҫ֪ʱõƷʱǽһ
Ȼ˵ƷګhԺһЩط˵ϡƽһ֮УƷȷǺö
ֻû뵽˼ҸԼͽܵĶȻֱӾƷƷһǺüѿѡ
ʲôͷ
ôôأ
ѾǱԼΪġʦ𡯸׵Ļˣ
Ҳһϰ£Ҹ̫ͻȻֱӰˡ
оԼھһ㣡
ʿˮʦղŸҵɼʵ̫ˣҡôܻҪĶء
˭ҵͽأʱҲǵЦ
ಣ
鷿Ŀռ֮Уɫʮѣһȥ貶Ŀˣ
˺ĳ棬һ죡
˼Լ⻹˼ó
Ҫˣʱº޲ðԼҸطˡ
⡭զôԣأ
ӵĺ춼֪ȥٵĿˮˡ
ҲǿǰЩɽ֣
СɽԵĺܣ֪ԼⱲӿ¶ӵһĶˡ
û뵽ڽ죬ԼȻܹӵзɽԼѡ
ҾҪʦ𣡡
ѡһɫɽȻȥСȴ͸һݵĽᣬȷŮϲ֣
һ£
˸ղչʾķɽֻһɽ
ֻɽָһ㣬Ѿĸǰ
ϲӣҲЦŵԺҪʲôʦ˵ˣҪǲ㣬ˣ
磬лл㣡
һ˵׵ĻУһǸжˡ
ӵҸĶɣôлʦأ
ҲллʦŶ濴鰦̾ӣǺСһ㣡
һԵļ۾ˣ
ȻҲӵһʵҪ




1728¼
 

鷿ڣ
һһϲҳľѾγɣ
ֿ֮⣬˶Ÿ
׿УʵôΪ˸һЩô
ʵҲҪ˻ᣬȰԼߵװ
Բ˵ˣȫȫԼˣ
ֳȻֳ㣬ǼֱǰԼеˣ
ΪԼȥҲǲڻµ֣
ˣúõһȻҲ׵ķ
ԼЩͽܺŮһҲѶ
ڱҪһԼˣԼȻصĶˡ
ھ˲ţǵʱȥ˫hԺ˵ˣ
һңҲĹٴ⼸ĸıҲǿԿóġ
֪յıģ
״ֻҪԼ΢ôĻǻҲǳɹˡ
ԴΪķḻһЩָǲڻ£
ҪľģƾѪģʵδķչҲǺܴġ
Ϊոɽ磬Ҫά־Ļ׻治
ҲǸԼṩ˲ٵİ
׿ż˶Щߵģһµ鰡üƷң
û⣡
ֱ˦ȥ˺üƷȻ֪ôĿģ
ղŲϷˣҲ֪Ҫʲôˡ
Ҳûκεã
ѾƯ˿УԭûǼˣ·Ⱥһ㣬һ˷
׿Ǽ˵ӵÿһɣװҲӦûһˡ
ʥϣҡҲУ
һ飬ҲǼ
׿ЦŵңȻҲʧģ
⼸ƽʱǿͿģһǽһѸ٣
գһ۾ĹЩѾǱϷֵĸɸɾˡ
ÿжһɫʰ쵵ķɽĸŽ·ڸԼİŮһ㣡
˿ŶоһĺЦ
Ҳûа취飬һĵܹӵһƷѾܿɹˡ
νǿȵˣܲ
ֳֳȻ֮ǰƷûУǴ˿ҲǼ״
ʥϣְ̿
ЩݺĿףһǼˣ
ôˣôˣһδƷΪһ죬Ǿǵ
׿˫ӣҲ΢΢һЦԸλʵƷʺϵģԺλܹﵽΣƷҲĵģ
ʥϣϷ԰
ӿףɴ۾ף
׳Ϸԣ
˵үȲҪôôﵽĻɽҲôˣǱؿʥ
ӾȻ˼ҲЩЦŵ
ʿˮǲΪ˴ﵽߵĲ
˵ǣȻǳߵĿǰԼԼûģǻʲôأЦŵ
˿һԵͷ˵λʦĸҲͰλˡĲ˵øλﵽһģ
˵ʲô𣿡
ʵԭҲ˵˵ѣôף
ʵ֮ǰ˵ôôﵽĻҲͲôɾĵ·ˡ
ֻΪղ˵ܹõƷһӼ˳ѣ
鿴ӵĪǱûģ
ǧҪᣬҡҲ˼
Ȼô˵ӵıѾǳ
ǲܹﵽǲʵû
ɲܹﵽĲξܹñ˴ﵽĲΰɣ
Ҫô˵ĻɽҲ繷ɻˡ
һЦҾ֪ǲţ˵ٻȻλţֻܹ֤һҵʵˣ
ʵ֤һƨѾˡ
ڰֵǵ˼Ȼ֪ǿɡ
ݣ
һƿ֬ƿѾǳ˵ĸǰƿ֮ڣһֲɽ鼴һ㣡
⡭ʲôҩ
һľ棬ԽǸ߼ĵҩ˴ѹҲԽ
һɽĳʶǸ֪ⵤҩʱһ϶¶˾֮ɫ
֮ǰѾǸ˼𶯣ͳƷɼ׺Ʒ˼óĶ¾Ͳһܹģ
ȿֲ˹ĵҩʱЩȻǾĪˡ
鿴˵ӣԪ




1729¾Ԫ
 

Ԫ
Ȼʵӣƺϳ˾֮⣬ȴһ˿֮ɫ
Ԫʲô
ӵҲǺĿ飬Ԫһƺͷǳţ棡
ϾֻҪϹϵģǱȻǲĶ
ȻɵۺɻʵУԪʲôʥƷͨߵУԪǾĵҩ
ɽԴѷǼƷҩǶǿģ
ûôĻۣһĻʳҪóһЩöҲ׽ģ
ȻЩʳĵһ㶼ǷǳۺǲЩһЩʥһ㣬Եľ
һʵԽǿɹļʾԽС
Ĵ۳꣬ȴȹɽۺ
Ҫ˵ȴ΢΢һЦԪǺ˽ⰡһЩżϿԪ
Ŷ׸Ⱥ飬û뵽һ鴫
ҲЩ棬׸Ǵĳ䣡
ȴһλ佫֮вҲǺ飡
Цŵ¾׳ˣ˵ĲĵطʥϺָ㡭
ЦŵҪ֪ĻҲʡ˵ˣ
ɤӣȻ֪Ԫɾͻ𾳽Ĳҩ
ʲô˼
ĻʵѾ˸ţǾĻ֪
һԵֳֳȻҲǼȡ֪ʶѧһ㣬ŷǳϸ
ŵһЦһ˵ɾ𾳽磬ɹʲǧ֮һԪ֮ʿɾʹˣаٷ֮ʮĻԳ𣡡
ٷ֮ʮ⡭ôܣҪĻԪˣ
ӵͷǲ˹һҡţһ̫˼ˡ
ǧ֮һٷ֮ʮٱ
ĵҩܹﵽĲΣֱƿֲ
˵ÿŵҩܹһ
ǰٷ֮ʮֻǱص˵ѣӦûһЩɣ
ҲǿĹżϾȸ߽׵ҩصľͱȽϵ١
ټһЩûκεĵ̣ܹżѾǷǳ˵ˡ
ɽĶʵ̫̫ˣ෱ӡƷַ࣡
ǶҪ˽ĻǸкܴĻۣ
΢΢ͷԪҲΪƷƷƷͼƷ֣һ˵ʷֱΪٷ֮ʮ塢ٷ֮ʮٷ֮ʮͰٷ֮٣
˼ǼƷԪֱ˳Ϊ𣿾Ȼĵҩ
ӵһ۵Ŀ飬ǵ˼Ҳʼ
΢΢ͷȻԪɻԪɵԪʵҲһֻɻԪɵԪѾʧҪﵽɻɵ۵ĲΣǾֻܹ˵컯ˣ
֪еöԪǡ
ﻹȥʲôɻʰɵ۵ģ˵ʵ̫ңԶһЩ
ĿǰΨһܹ뵽ľԼܲͻƵΣ
ѾɾڵʵˣԼʼͻƲ÷ţ
ҪܹͨһŵҩĻǼֱ̫һЩ
ʵϣ⣬֮ĻҲǿֱӷԪͻˡ
ֻϧͻƺҪȱ˷ºܶ࣡
ǺǣƿҩʮöƷԪûǳΪأ
鿴ӵӣһ¶˵Цݣ
˿̣֮⣬˵ϸֳһļ֮ɫ
·һ㣡
⡭Ҫǵ𣿡
ԭԼǵ˰˱ӵѪùˣ
ոԼүȴ˫hѧԺԼҪΪɽʷΪүˣ
Ҳû뵽ԼһܹӵһƷҲһ飡
أһеһƺڵ߸˼ά
Ʒˣ
ʵȻûУͻƵĵҩĸǰ
鿴˵Щµģ΢΢һЦȻȻʦ˵ԼˣһҴŸʲôֻҪԺǶʦһһ⣬кôȻҲٲ˴ҵģҵи顭
˵
ʱ飬˵̬ǽһǫ
΢΢ͷȻ׵ʦ磬⼸֮УʵѾﵽɾ۷ĲΣҲһ֮ңͻһΣ
ңͻƣĪҪƭҰ
׼ûأһڱѾˡ
׿ӳ޾ⲻҴֵ֮ʣͻƳΪ𣬶Ҵ˵Ҳǰһ飡ͻ֮²ݶϷȥڹɡ
ֳһĽĿӣôõĻȻӸˣ
ܹĽأĳɹˣǶ˵һ
˳ڹ˹ȥһɫĺܡ




1730´ףڶλ
 

׻ʹ
ԭƻĵطһƬĿأ޴
ɽ廷ƣмһСķ϶ܹȥ
׵˽֮󣬿տ䳡ֻһ˵Ӱ
˿̣
ҲΪŵһˣ
𾳽磡
ɾǿ˵Ϊһջ
κ鶼ǰٷ֮ٵģ
ǼƷԪʵҲǰٷ֮پͿԱ֤ɾΪ
ֻܹ˵ԳΪǾ԰ٷ֮ٵĴڣ
׼𣿡
鿴ӣҲ¶һ˿Цʵ
ʵ֪ҲûõģܹõĸԴѾǶӵһֶˡ
ڴﲻĻֻ˵һǽĸоˡ
ȴãֵӦǲڵģ
Ѿ׼ˣ
һĿ͸һɼᶨȻˣȻӵԸ
ݣ
һɫâ֮һţһԲεĵҩǷӵһӵУ
ڼ
˲䣬ռҲΪ֮һ
һɼΪǿҵռ䣬ƺҪռһ㣡
֮·ŵҩǣҲǻľۼӵΧ
ϥ
ؿڴоЩҪըһ㣬ʹ˺ѷΣ
ס
ҪľҪס֪ôһʹסĻҪΪֱǳ˵Σ
䣡
ӵΧһѵΧը죬һ㣡
˺
ϰ·һ˲䱻ƣ
ӵϳһǺ֮ɫǺ֮ɫıɫ
ۼ뾭֮µһ׵˵Ե÷Ƶ
ֻһԵֳֳȻɫȻ
⡭ôˣֳȻһʵ
鿴ż˾ʧӣҲЦŵҩͻѰͻȻһѰͻ䵽ʱһ̣̺ҩͻƣǾ൱ڷ֮ˡ
Ҳ΢΢ͷҩʱھۼ˴뾭һӦҲǺģҪľڵѸٵĽ뵤Ѹݣõɱ䣡
δ䣡
ӵһҵı֮űһͷƤ飡
ʱʱ䣬ƺһڸԼžҵĶ˷벡ħһ㣬Ե쳣ʹ࣡
һʱ֮ĺת
ԭɫҲĻָѪɫԸоһ˿˿ı仯
ӵԭɫĿʼתɫ
Ҫ֪ɽ֮УɫҲŲͬȼ
ɾһ㶼ǳɫ
𼶱ɫҲ𽥵ķ˱仯˳ɫ
ҪǵɻʼǱǽɫɵۼ𣬸Ǵеɫ
ԣԿһʵģʵɫ
ɫҲǿԿƵģƩ˵ɵۼģҪԼʲôɫԣ
ɾչֳľԲǴɻʡɵεɫ
ֻɡɡɡɺͽɫǾͿ֧ˣ
ɫ
бһ⣬Ȼһ˿ĳɫۣȴ򻨴һ̣
һӱ㱻׽ˣ
ɫǴѾʼ𼶱ˣֻҪȫĳΪ𼶱𣬻Ҫʱĳ
ֻҪݣǵһֻžѾ̤Ĳˣ
ʱһһţԭŵҲǷһľ֮̾
¡¡
һ֮ΧȫΪ˳ɫһ˿ɫȻڸ翹ѾӰˣ
΢΢һЦڶλ𼶱ǿߵ˰ϲүˡ
⡭ͳɹˣ
Ȼ֪ѾɹˣôɵľͳΪ𼶱ǿߣʵĽѰ
ͬĽȻֳֳȻˣΪߣ˭ϣԼΪǿ֮أ
鿴΢΢һЦ׸Ҫ֪õĿƷԪôõĵҩҪ첻һǿ߳Ļⵤҩǰ׽𣿡
⡭
һʱҲЩƿԣ˵ĵȷǶԵģ
鿴˵ӣǷĺˣɻʼҲұ֤ǳΪ۷ǿߣһаյġǸӣʱ䣬ͿǵŬˡ
һʱ䣬˵жðһȵĿ⣡
𼶱𰡣
һ뵽ߣ˺޲Ͷ֮ˣӳ𣬾ͷԼʱҲǼѣ
ףһλ𼶱ǿߣˣ
Ҫ˵ǰǶڶԿhԺûһĵĻǾôлhԺһҸˣ




1731崳
 

ɫ
֮УΪģһӴĳɫȻȡ֮ǰĳɫ
ƷԪЧʵ̫ǿһЩ
ǿӶʱʱ䣬һԾΪ˴ڶλ𼶱ǿߣ
ɹˣ
ʿˮ֮еӣѾǱĿˣ
΢΢һЦҸղž˵ˣλлᣡ
׿֮е΢΢һЦоΣ
û뵽һȻܹΪ𼶱ǿߣΪⱲѾǲܵ˰
ӵЦдļ֮ɫ
ڣǣƵľ磬ѾǴˡ
ŶǴ׵ʵǿ˲ٰ
Ҳһ˵һλ𼶱ǿߣ׾Ͱȫһ֣
ʮ˸𼶱ǿߵĻǴ׾Ǳǿ׳֡
´ܻʳҲҪϵˣ
ͷʵȻӣûʵֻܹ׸
Ϊʲô֮ǰĴhԺ˵ıϥȴܹӦأ
һлΪʵ͵
΢΢һЦ׸ǰhԺ˵ר
ʥҪȥhԺ
һ׵ĻҲһԭΪⲻ׵Ļ֮ơ
Ҫȥ˫hԺǵʱΣأһΧˣʱǾ군ˣ
ĳӵо󻤳ǣhԺҪƣһʱҲǺѵģ
Ӵ˿ı׸hԺȻǿ󣬿ʥϺҲǳصģ
ոճɾ֮λǺ¡ɫhԺѲ㲻֪𼶱ǿߣ«hԺԲڶʮλ
һԵˣ֮ǰΪ湫ʦ飬ӶһЩеķӦ
һֱûлȥhԺ飡
Ȼ״ӦǾ裬Ϊʵûģ
׿˵ˣϷԣȻ˵ҪȥȻͻȥ
ǣһССīhԺѣ¸ë߰
ں˵ȥأ
̾һʥϺʵȺͻѼȺǰ
׸˵㰡hԺʵȻǿ󣬿ɽǫhԺһԺѣǿܹǿﰡ
ںĸоǱκ˶Ҫã
ȻˣոճɾҵλҲͣҪȥҸ˴һ
׿׸鲻ˣҲ˻ȥ׵Ĺһ
ּ
ӺҲΣ˵ƺûиı
һԵдһ˿İ磬ҡҲҪȥ
ڵֻһǾǾԼʵȥʱʵǿˣɽȥã
׿棬Ҳ¶һ˿΢Ц
һԵֳȻҲǵͲҪСˣһοǰȥˣǷȥɣҸڣҲˣ
΢΢ͷԳǵĻǴѾֻһ˿мܡ
ʥϰģҿأ̵ֳ
׿˿飬ͷԼͳһЩҩȻݸף
ЩҩݸֳȻ˵Щҩ㹻ɾ۷Ĳˣ
ֳֳȻȻҲûƴǣ
ƷɶĶˣõ㵤ҩһζûˡ
֮
崳ǣ
崳ԭ򣬲崳ǿ˵ΪȫһУ
Ϊ￿ɽɽϿūhԺĴڣ
طսݱȴʼվǸһ㣬û˸ɽ֣
׼Ǩ崳ǣֻϧûгͣ
崳ѾΪ˴׵ĵˣ
ʥϣ崳ǣҲѾкöûˣ
ӿףҲЦǺǵ˵񼸸һȴҲۣ
Ǻǣ崳ǸоȳҪΰ
Զ崳ǵʱ򣬵һоƻֺ꣡
ʵɽҲڽԳǴһʱ䣬طûȥ
һ崳ǣǾ崳ǷչҪȳ̫ˡ
Цŵ崳ɽӵżʥ֮ķа
ţ崳ǷڵأΧļʥhԺһЩɢ֮ģ϶ｻףνǵ˰յҪԴ֮һ
Ҳǵͷܹ߲Ҳ崳ǿ˰գ
ɽ׽ʵҲûжֻҪӵ㹻ʯɵۺɻʼǿ֮⣬ǿöģ
ְôһ⣬Ȼ͸˴ɽΧӦ˼ǰɣ
׳ʵ
̾һһҲΪ֣˵ǫhԺڱͦĹϵ
ǿɣҲҴ׵Ĺ
״ǵĳ崳ǵĶŻȥ




1732ζ
 

崳ǣ
ȻشƫԶһЩȴȳԳǻҪĶ࣡
ǼʥĽ紦ӵŴܻʳhԺķԺڴˣܶҪhԺҲߣ
ԣﳤҲʹ崳Ǳķ٣
׵崳ǵǽ֣ΧĿ̣ҲΪĸп
崳ǣ֮ǰֻ˵ȴû
崳ǣҲǾɽȷҪ緱̫̫ˡ
ʥϣмղŵhԺӣҪȻ崳ס£ȥϵһ³ɣ
Ϊһ൱һ֮λ
ӵĲȼټ٣ӭǻǰ϶飿
ȴ΢΢ҡͷҵǰΪhԺ֮£нˣʦڣ
˶ǵͷЩ˵ν飡
ǳԳأ
Ȼײ㾪崳ǵĳҲνˡ
ʥϣǰ崳Ϊľ¥ζ֪ʥϡӿʵ
ζЦŵŵҲ£ǳͲҪһһʥϵˣ

һЩ֪ˣʥǺɶأ
׿һŤӣЦŵֱӺ־ˣûôĽ
⡭ʹðʥϣһֱʵ̫ɶһ㣡
鿴Цŵʦ绹ûôĽʵڲҿͺĴһ
ЦŵкѣֱʥϵȷЩףҿֱӳƺʥΪӼɣҲðȴҲԲô
׸ѧʰ
ҲǾúӵȷǱȽ׵һЩֱ׵֣ľòף
˵ǰĻӻûʲô
ɾЩĽӴľʥϺʵĪ⣬֮ҲǱ۷ˣ
ӣ룡
һƣȻǰ棡
˳ǰζ˹ȥ
ζһŲ㣬ȥЩΪӣ
ζ˻ͦడ
׿һԵЦŵ
ӵͷ֪ζɽǿɶ൱ģֻҪ΢һЩķлɳǣζӰӣҲһζѰ
ûʸ񣿡Щ㵵ʵ
ζ꣬ǿǿطģǳƺĲ崳ǣʼ
ҪǸʲôİʵ
ЦŵӣʵǸԷĵأɽ֮ʵڳԺѾпޣζĶȴ⣡
׵ͷҶˣ
ʵνζʵ֮ǰһЩ¥Ҳ࣬ӦöһЩʳ
ܹԼڸ֮ͬʱܹԼвСİ֣
ӣζĶʵЩǻǵǳֹɣһ
һλʵҲԣ
Щ塢кʥʳ֮ıνʵ֣
һٷѣܳԶ٣ں˵ˣڻнɽɽ֣
ڵʯˣ˵ҲǸɽˡ
Ӻ˵Щʲô֪׵Ƣ
ζǺܹ󣬹ЩԳܣҪΪ߿żʥͫhԺĻѵ˻Ĳ࣡
λɣʱûλˣ
ſڣһλСģӣ׵˹ҲЦӭ
һλöûУЩƵʵ
¥¥µİᶼˣλżĻĵĵȺһ£
λСҲǿĺܣϾ⣬ȻҲǺˣ
ɽ磬Ҳˣ
ӡӿҲѯʵ΢΢һЦҲżȻζôôҲóһ
λҪȵİɣǺƣǰ滹ʮĿˣרŵϢСóƵݸӣ
ˣվŵȼɣװڰֵ
СЦŵǲ˼˰λɣпһ׼֪ͨ
λ𣿡
ſڣ߰λ»Ů˵ЦĳŵСķ˹
ǵСһˣֺǺǵ˵ӣֻʣһи롭
˻һЩڵȺ˼ǵɴ۾ǵС
ģղСӲô˵İ
֮ǰôѯʣС˵ûеطˣ¥¥ȫԱˣ
һﾹȻ˵һ䣬ⲻ
ǿˣҲ˵İɣ
ܹζԷģ˭ûеʯأ
ʲô˼Ƕôʱˣһôأ
ʱһ񾲵Ůɫ΢ĿŵСһ
ֻȥʵû̫ɱ




1733°ĺҷ
 

崳ǡζ
ſڵ˶Ƕˣ߸֮УΪ׵λһǷǸ
ɽ֮УƶҲ൱Ĵģ
Щײ֮ˣΪ˼Ʒʯš
Щϲ֮ˣӻʮʯ۾գһ£
һʵǿʵ͵λģλϵ·ʾݣ
ѡ·
ɽ˭˲֪˭˲
ÿһ·ǿɶǼֵȻΪͨһ·ҲҪǧʯ֣
ɼѵ·жôĺˣ
·ֵѾһֲˡ
һ֮˻Ĵѵ·֮Уܹ·֮ˣ̫̫ˣ
λɣСȷûеطˣиǸ⣡
СҲǲŲæλһ¡ͨĿɰŮҲ¶һ˿ζЦ⣡
Ȼеطٵø֮һɣŮŵСЩһŲõ˵
иʲô˶ȥĵط𣿡
Ǹӿ˿ǸĻŮҲ¶һ˿Ĳм
С΢΢һЦɣиѿƷʯԡ
˼ˣ
СЩˣֻǿŮӵĴű֪Ӧûжʯ֮ˣ
Ʒʯҵ찡ζǺڰ
ʵиҵ֪˵ζõһᣬȥ˺٣
ƷʯҪôʯĻ϶ȥҩ˰
ŮҲûмʶһɵ˰ɣζЩŷ濴ˣ
ΧΧ֮ЩƷͷ飡
κεطʵϻŮʳ˺ܶ˵
һиһҪʯҲǷЩתˡ
ŮһƷʯʱһһף
֮ͬеһλҲɫȻƷʯΣҵȲȥԣҲ֪֪ɣ
ߣԲʹбۿ˿ŮЦһ
㡭
üͷһɣȻҲЩŭˣ
˿⣬ǸҲòȥˡ
үүҪ
ŮһԼүүȻҪ˶֣Ҳʶ˵
ӴӴӴ϶Һҷĵ̣ȻҶֲɣҽӣĳԲҪ˸ʲô
ҷЦһȥǰλߣ
ҡҸƴˣ
Ȼܲס̼ˣֱӳźҷķ˹
ĳλƺҪ֣
崳ԼĹأ
κڳڲö֣ᱻ崳Ǹץߵġ
ףһ崳ǵĳǷץߵĻǵʱҪɾˡ
أ
ҷЦһֱӶ߾һţ
ֱӱһŸ߷ڵأžʹ
϶ʲô㲻֪ϽǼԷˣ
ҷԱߣһµҲǺüԵ˵
үү㡭û°ɣ
ŮԼүүΪԼͷȻ˵ڸˣ৵һ¾˳
˿̣жЩںˣ֪ӵĻղžӦòȥСˣ
û뵽ԼĽȻԼүү˸ˣ
ҷ翴ŮϽϲĸٹѧԺżټ죬û뵽һô϶
ͷŸɾһ㣬㻹崳ǵĳǹǲ׼ֵģ
Ůźҷ磬һεȥ
˵һֻĻһЩˡ
СŮҪΪмɫҾͲˣٵĿ޶ȵġ
ҷ翴λŮҲ¶һ˿֮ɫ
㡭үүһóǷץ㣬ô˶㶯ˣ
Ůƺ崳ǵĳǹ滹˽һЩģ˿оǹΨһľˡ
óǷץңߵˣҷ翴ǻŮ¶һ˿мЦȻҪҪ֪ͨǷ
Ű裡
ҷ˿ЩĿںЩ
㡭ţǷѾˣܣ
ŮԶסս˻ڴϣƺһ˿ϣ
Ҳܵģ㻹֪˭崳Ǿ˵㣡
ҷ翴ŻŮЦһŹˣ
һԿȥûʵûбүǲˡ
ȿȿȣ
λղűߣ˿ƺһ˿ĲԾ
ԼŮĸ첲꣬˰ɡ
ֻǻŮƺĵҪȥˣųǷķܹȥʱ
վںҷһԵŮҷ磬ǸմѧԺǵ͵һЩɣһǷ
Ƿץңλʦĺˣ崳ǻû˸Ҷң
ҷƺڼŮǰ԰ţųǷ֮ϲ




1734˭˵û֤
 

¡¡
սĽŲڵ֮ϣһĵͳ֮
Щսɲͨսɽޣһ˵ǷǲУ
֮УҲֻ崳ܹݳ޵սˡ
֪崳ǵǶôĸˡ
崳ǵĳĵλ˵֮ǰӵҲǲµ֣
ֻ˴崳ƺûиܵ𶯣
ŮųǷζ
ǵСһ֮ԱǵĿǰһĻ˲ʶҷҲˣʶġ
ҷ磬ǿ崳ǵٳ
ͳ˼ȵλζҲҪ˼ӵģϾ˼ҵĵͷⲻǣ
˵ˣЩһѲʯ֣Ҳûÿһ˽ܲǣ
Ȼ˵С̬û⣬ӹҲǴɫ۾˵֣
үү
ŮոߣͶļָŵ
ǸǷͷ֮˿źҷ磬Ҳһ£ٳʶġ
ֻǳǷҲгǷĹ涨ٳ£Ҳѯһ£
򣬵˽׵ĻҲǳԲ˶ˣ
ĩμٳ
Ǹͷ֮ˣһҷ磬˵ϥ¹
١ٳ
ŮԭҪ׼˵ЩʲôɵЩѾǹ˵ϵʱҲˣ
崳ǵٳֲãֲð
ǰ˻ôţģ϶ͷСֻû뵽Ȼ崳ǵٳ
ԭһΪǷкϷأѾһߵ˰
үҲǵùˣȻٳŸɣ¿ɲ˰
ΧЩˣһҷݵʱǶǾˣ
崳ǵٳ
⻹ʲô
ҷ΢΢⣬һԵļʦ㿴źҷҲЦǺǵ˵ҷ磬ԭˣǰ崳ǻĵ̰
λʦԭʦҵһȥѣÿλʦ·Σ
ҷƴ֣һҲںʯҪľӣ
ѣٺ٣һɵôѪ˰
Ůһ·ʱҲߴߴ˵
˾͹Ǳߣ˺ð죬ҷŻعͷ콫ûˣȥæİɡ
ٳ⡭λ˵
źҷӣҲ֪ʱȥЩûȤ
ְڣòӲͷƤǰѯʵ
󵨣ûУҷһ
ĭźҷٳκ˸崳Ƕ֣Ҫץȥ
ߣ˼Ҫץˣ
ҷЦһԼӵЩˬˡ
ٳĩȻңĩֻҪ˽һѡ
Ҳ̧ͷ˿ҷ磬ȻҲнп಻
úúãһ㡾ְصūţڱٸ㣬ûдˣ˰ɣ
ҷЦһû뵽һôˣ
һܺܶ͵ģɺҷȻ˵ˣ
оѾЩˣ
һ⻰Ҳǳǣٳ
Ҳ֪Ҫҷ˵һҲ̫ٹ˽ˣ
Ȼкֻܶӹ̣ӹҲҪĲǣ
콫աղô˿ˣ͡ƾһ仰˵ûоû𣿡
ŮҲǼˣȻҲ֪Լô˵ù
ľ̫ˣԼүүˣ˵˾Ȼ赭дһ仰Ĩˣ
ôܹʵȥһأ
֤
Ҳһƣ￴ȥԼҪһЩ
Լûа취Ͼְڣ
ҪǻŮԼԸȥٳĻҲʡˡ
ղһҷ¹ԭҲϣͨԼжλŮʵԼǲǰ֮ˣ
λŮеĻӦҲԼĿˡ
ֻŮ񲢷ˣ
ҷɨһȦ˵ߣ֤վơ
ҷɨȺƺ̧ͷҷ磡
崳ǵٳһ˭ǵ
ǲǹԶٷѣΪһٳǲǳԱ˳ŵ
콫û֤˰ǲҪҸλʦԷˣҪȻɾʹˡ
ҷ翴һԵǸŮһ˿ζЦݡ
˭˵û֤
ںҷ׼뿪֮ʣ󴫳һ
ԭΪ鼴ҪˣһΰĿ⼯еߣ




1735ٳ
 

ζǰ
Χ֮˾ۼԽԽ֮࣬ȻҲ
崳ǵٳ˷˳ͻ⵹кϷˣ
Ϊλ崳ǵٳѹ֮ƳɹĽүɨصʱ
Ȼһվ˳ҸߵıʾԼ˸ղŵ飡
ⲻǻĴٳ
֪Էٳ£Ȼ˲֪ʵôΣ
ʵϣ˵֮˾ף
ղĿȫḶ́λŮվҷŭĻҲվζҪ˵ġ
ʵڲʲôΪ
ۿ˵ͣκʱκεطʹ޵ġ
ζԸ߱ˣԼһ䣬ҲԸ߱ѡ
ҪһѡȨ
ûУһԸľΪѲ
ìܵĵ㣬ʵ׿ҷ粢ɺ޵ģɺ޵ľζֲ𻯵Ĵŵķ
ҷɣҲ൱Ŀ˳ۣ
崳ǵĳҲ֮˵ĻȻҲὫһˣ
֮Ī
崳Ȼţڴ׵ĹϽ֮²
˭
ҷԭ󣬿ɾת׼ζʱȴһг
ٴĽǶ˵ǲгģ
ŮԭһҲ֪Լλٳģֲκεĺôġ
Ů꣬ԭ崳׼ȡhԺģ
ֻhԺĿ˷ǳѣʱҲǳĴ
ո崳ǵԼүүĴ£ҲҪһ֮еζ
ĴĳСǵС壬㲻ʲôȨ֮ˣĸ֮ǰڴҲһλƷ佫
ΪԼĸ׾æһҲǸԼүү崳ǣ
һ꿼˫hԺĻǼĵλҲˮǴˡ
hԺ
ǺܶСԾŵһݾ
ȻҪȡhԺǳǳѣûʲô̫ϣģУҲǻġ
콫ǰɣҸղſ˴λŮүүˣճǹһӦܵİɣ
׿λҲǵʵ
ʿˮ֤Ȼģӷͬ
ôĹҾʹ϶ôΣץң޷ȥҶ
ҷҲ֮ˣ֮ǰһΪû˸ҵҴ
˿ڱ׸ҴЩ߳ŭˣ
ҷĶ崳ǳǷָʹڳĴڣ
ٳ⡭ѾˣҪȻٳи»ȥָʹ˾ڶǴӪߡ
Ҳһ׵İ취ʵǴ˵ġ
ΪֻгܹεԼӲǣ
˭Ҳ²͸˵˼Ҳǻ
ߣҶ
ҷЦһ͸һӵĲм
ٳΪˡ
ҲһΣϾô˿أҲЩϲòĸо
ҷĨһ˿ɱȻָϱ٣ǻ
žž
˿̺ҷѾǱķ
ڿת߰ٶʮ֮صˤ˵ϣ
ӳˣ
ԭֻǿֶѣҷСʱһΣ
һȻҶԵʥϳԲѷǶġ
үӵͻȻ֣˸оһȦôͶأ
ƣֱӽΧ۵ȫĿʼˣ
Цһ֪Ķ
Ǳߣһ㡭㾹ȻȻŹ崳ٳ
ôֻˣͲ˴ˣһ
ȫȫȥ
һԴһ죬ⶼʲô鰡
ľǿˣһʼĵôԴҷ硣
ںˣԼÿôԴλٳˣΪѾ崳Źٳˡ
Ҫó֪Ļǻˣ
Ψһİ취Ǵ˻ȥȻ󾡿Ľˡ
󵨡ŭһ
΢΢ֵ콫ְΪҪǸߣ
ҷ类һƴϻģΪ崳ǵٳоһĪ衣
Щ˻ǵԼͬѧģ滹ԼĽŮˣ
úҷоԼˣ

һ̺ҷֻ֣Ǿǳ׵׵ıǣ
NNN
һ󼱴ٵ𣬼ʮƥսԶХ
һҪͳͳ
ҷ翴ˣ΢΢һӿֳһĨ֮ɫ




1736ָʹʲô
 

˵ĿⶼǼ˵ϣΪ֮һɫս׿ȥƻֺ꣡
˵˾ǺҷĶ
崳ǳǷָʹ
ڸոգ˺ҷ޷޷ںǰһ֮
޷崳ǸĶӣλҲǲͣ
޷Ժ˵ҷζ˸۸ˣҳǷ˲ҷӣ
һ⻹ˣ
˵ʵԼҾһŮԺҷֱ׶ӶҪף
Ϊô˳谮ҷҲôŰ衣
Թ˭أ
ֻǵ޷ͺߵʱ޷㵵ķ֣ҷ羹Ȼıˣ
˵ӿǷʰ
ųǷ棬崳ǵĵϴ崳ǳĶӣ
壬ҡ
ҷһﵹҲݼɵĴղӴѾˡ
ĻֱնɱҲڻ£
Ҫ֪ǿ𼶱ǿߣǺҷССɿԱģ
ҷ磬㱻˴ˣ
һ㿴ҷԼͣǱ˸˵
ҷ翴ź壬˰ɣ֪ݵ£Ȼűһ۸ң
ĩμָʹ
жˣԼɶʱ۸˰
ٳ۾˵Ϲʵ̫ǿһɣ
ԼҪ˿ִѣ崳ǵͷǣ
ֱȥһŵһȥʰ˵
æָʹġ
һȥ
ɫ쳣ѿ˿ԼֶӾȻ˴ˣҲŭգ
崳ǣǿպģ
ҷ翴ź壬Ǵң
̧ͷ˿ҷָŵףҲһЦҷģ
Ҵģ
׻δ˵ѾǴ׵˳
ʶӣ崳ǣñɳȥս
崳ǵָʹҲǴ͵ģϾһûôȨ
ȻˣȨһ´Ҳܾġ
ʵԭΪʶԼģϾԼ崳ǵʱ򣬳¼ԼҲǲٵġ
ûҲʶԼİɣ
֪걻ɳȥսأ
⵹Щˣ
Ĩһ˿ɱߣȻˣǾͺðˡţЩ˶ץȥ崳£ǾҪ׼
㡭㾹Ȼץң
ҲסˣһﾹȻʶԼˣⲻܰ
ץ㣿϶ȻҴңȻȥҲŪ㣡
ҷ˿Ҳ˲ʲôˣڱ˴ˣһҲ
񿴵ԼĶˣȻǸӵĿˡ
ֻϧһעҪģ
žž
СӣҸô˵ָʹʲô
ֱȥƣһΧ֮һľ㵣ͷǲǷˣ
崳ǰ
ͷȥʵƽƽȻζ֣һθǵ崳ָʹ涯ֱ֣ǡɼΡ
ҲǵɴԼţۣЩŵ۾
һŭѾȼļֱ̫Լ̲˰ɣ
Լ棬ϼһﾹȻһεĶִԼֶӣ
һ̶ɵˣ
꿴ǰĳҲųһOͣоܹһż
䣡
ֱӶˣеĳѾǳӵķŭնȥ
ЦһһȻ۲ʶ̩ɽǿɾ͹ֲˡ
˵һСС崳ָʹǳΣ
һĿɲԼǵʥϣ
ͳźҷղʥϣһҷˡ
һﻹڹʥϼȻѾĬȻҲҪˡ
ʵһԵѾǿ׵˼
׸ոսܶ˸֪飬ײδֹ£ȻҪ崳Щʲôˣ
źֵӣҲ΢΢һЦ·ϣﵱ
һ죬ǵ֮أ
Цһ𣿣
䣡
ռƺΪ֮һȻѾ˼
עǸ磡
ɽ磬׿Ǳ׻ƵʱҪɱϵĶˡ
Ҫ׼նɱ֮ʱȴԼƺѾǱˣ
ţһŰѹ޼ɵѹ
֮У޴ȭӰûԭɱȻĺ
崳ָʹұֱۣӱһȭķ飡
ӵȭͷûκεͣЪ
һ룡
ĵﴦйƤһ㣬˲˼ʮһ㣬̱˵ϣ
Ѫ
Ҳѣ
˲䣡
ֵѾǰֻʣһ




1737Ľ
 

崳ǽֵ
˿һƬȻ
Χ֮ҲԽԽ࣬Ͼ崳һĴڣ
ݴ崳ǷǵǴһǣιУ
崳ǵλԣ
ʵӵ˶֪ǱڵĻ˵֪ĻǸѾڽԳǱնɱĽƻˣ
崳ǵĳǷһֱ߶һ壡
ǳ֣ɼǳ֣һҲΥ崳ǵĹأ
ϾɹľǸأ
ֻڣ崳ǵĳǷͳ˧ָʹ
Ȼڱ˺ֱ۲˵ھȻ˸Ϊǲݵľ氡
⼸˵ǸʲôİĪǷ˰
ǰ崳ǰǾȻҵڶԴָʹ⡭
кϷˣŪóҲ
һģʱ⼸˿¡
һָָ㣬ȴҴ˵ϾЩĸҶְ
ζ
ǸԭĵСڿ崳ǵָʹȻ˴ʱҲĨһ˿ľ֮ɫ
⼸Ʋ۵ˣû뵽Ȼôֱ̫ͣˣ
ү˿ѾǾκˣ
˵ղ˺ҷ缸Ѿ𾪵Ļ񿴵棬Ѿŵò֪Ӧ˵ʲôˡ
ҷһԿԼĶͫҲ
ˣ
˿̵ĺҷĸܵһ˿в
ղǾ裬ĸоѾʧӰ٣
ȡ֮һĨ£
ڴڵĴŴ΢΢ɫһƬҰ֮ɫ
Ϊϣ
˵ֱɱҪܣ
ǼһνӣþԼеŭɱ
ЩǷҲָʹʵǿɶ֪ģ
ǿӵŽ۷ʵ
ɶ涯֮˽һоָʹ׵ʧȥսЩǷô֣
ϾָʹĻǾ
ȻΪˣȻ崳ǵָʹǣ
˼һһ崳ǵĳ
ٺųǷ׵Χˮйͨ
ӿźЦһ˹
ЩԭҪֵһӵĻҲһ
λָʹˣѲɻҪ뿪
˿ȻЩⲻˣϾ崳ǵĳǷһԱټֱԸʹһεվ˳
Сӣҵ㣬Ϊƾ⼸ܹסǣ
ӿСӣҲĨһ˿֮⣡
СȻʵһ㣬ȴϸ£ҲǸ˲ţ
ӵ鷳λҵһȥǱߣҵȼսҲȻܺ˰벽ģ
ӡ
׿ӣҲһƵĺ
ӣкηԸ
ӿ׺Ҳ̹ǰ
崳ǵĳɣ
ǣӣ΢΢ͷȻú
㡭㵨ó㣿㡭ЩˣЩʲô˰
˵ֱ˲ܽܰ
˴˳Ķܣû뵽ȻҪ˹
ЦһúһĹĶӿܾͼ̫ˣ
в
ľګ˿ҲŨҵζ
Ҳ֪˼˵ĿɲǼٻͳŸղһвһɱָʹ㹻ˣ
Ҳ֪Щ˸ûн
ó˹⵹ʡȥǺܶ鷳
ҷ翴ŭһȥ㻹ȥϽȥ
˿̣ҷҲ΢΢ЩЩһԸľͰԼɱˣ
Ӧȥ
ҷ磬Ҳ̫ûϢһɣôҲǳĶӣҫhԺѧĸɱ˲ɣЦ
ҷԱߣԭǼߴߴŮҲɫȻ
һźɫɴȹŮӣҲվ˳൹ҲΪĲ
ҷ翴ŮĽƣҡҿɲǺǣֻǡ
ǸĽƵŮҫhԺ崳˭ҶǼ۸ĽƵͬѧΪǾûˣ
׿˿ǸŮӵǫhԺhԺĸҷ尡
ôĵӣhԺҲȿԵ٩𣿡
ĽƿףҲЩüԣ
ȻŮƺҲʲộף
˵
ǸĽƸǺ֮ʣԶӰٵʻ
ҷ翴ԼӰʱһ˼ˮ
ĽƵһֱĶףĽƵԱߣԭǸŮѾȻʧȺҰ֮У
ȻһĻҲô
˿̣ĿҲǼ崳ǵĳϣ




1738崳ǳ
 


崳ǳ
һ׶ΣҲر
ԭǴƻţû뵽Լңڵûе೤ʱ䣡
ǰһͻȻӵϢ˵˸ˣ
ѾǸĳΪһʲô
Ʊǿ
Ϊˣڽ죬崳Ǿͳˡ
˵ԼĶܾȻ崳ǵڱ˸ˣҲǸоǶ֮ﰡ
֪Բôļ򵥣
崳ǵĳȥޣʵϲˣ
Ͼ崳ֻһСС֮ǣЩʥͻʳĳǲܱȵġ
οʵҲɾڶѣ
Ȼ֮УʵǱȽϵĲվҲֻɾڣ
״ˡ
ҷһԼĸߣֱ˹
ɨһȦڵϵĺҲ˹
ֻǵԶӵʱ˶סˡ

ɻĿ˿ӣЩȷѯһ
״ˣﹷģǡ
ҷȻûԼ׿ĻһԼĸˣΪǿɽˡ
Цһ㻹簡磬ӿȥ㻹Ҫܶడ

һ Ͻӵķ˹
ӣǿĴ
Ȼĳ˵ѾǱΪүˡ
ȻˣӺϰˣһӻûиıԼĳƺ
ҵζԸŶӣӵǲã
Ϣŭĩ̵޷ˡ
̬Ѿ˵һУȻ֪ӵΪʲô
ӱϾҲÿһЩ
Ȼ˿ҲŭգϾԼĵܱܵ˸ӣܲŭ
ûи֮ǰ
磬˭
źԼˣȻ˵Ŀ
һҲЩ±ƵĸоĹֻ
ҲԼĴ˵ģѾնɱҲʣһǾˣ
뵽ղǸ˺˽ӣҲɫһ䣡
⡭Ҵӣ˿Ҳǻعˣ˵µݣ
ǰһڣĻԱߵǸأ
ҷҲһģû뵽龹Ȼתľ棡

ǿǱԼ׻Ҫţܶ˰
ӳΪ崳ǳȴ㡾ְأԼĶӺ͵̲ܵܶܽãҴ񣬸õ
ĩ֪
һҲ̵ϥ¹򣬳ӳ
ߣ֪ͺãոսû뵽ͳ飡ȥ崳ǳ֮λ
һźҲĨһ˿
үǺ⣿
ԭΪԼϸôȥˣ
û뵽ԼˣӾȻ׷ʹ򣬾ȻҪԼĳ֮λ
崳ǵĳǿǺܶλð
γ⼸ʮ䣬ǿ׬貧ӯ
ҪλȥɾͲһ׵ˡ
ɲǱ˼Ҵʥϵ˼ôҶʥϵּ飿
һˮĿź
״ˣЧҵǴҲ֪ðģȻǲӣֺӣ
ҷһ˻ߥ
Ӳͣתţ鵽һǰֻѡ
һǷԼľӪ崳ǣһǽҸͶ
崳ǵĳʱȥͶˣҪԼأ
Ͷ˵ʱûˣ
ӵͱˣжһ˿ļᶨ
Ц󵨿ͽȻȻ췴Ԥıһλᣬı崳ǣ򡭡
ͬΪϳȴ˴ңܸģɫһ
ߣһССĳʥ⣬ʥģʥϵģ
˿Ҳһվ˳
ǴĸʯͷQģʲôͷΣһˣ崳ǵıǿūhԺʹʥĹɷݣҪǶңǾǶ˫hԺʹʥǸ𣿡
һ˿Ҳǹǽˣ
ߣɱ⣡
Цһźвһ˿֮ɫ
ôҪˣ
ֻû뵽Ҳϵĺܣ




1739
 

ּ
ӵϥ¹Ǵĵһμ崳ǣ
Ϊڳôϳǻۻеġ
崳ôһ⣬ʥôǱأ
Ǻʮֵ׻ģ
ֻѾҪˣɱѾˣȻǴһĿʼˣ
ּ
һ㶣ף¶һ˿֮ɫ
һΧ֮Ҳһû뵽ǰȥƽˣȻ½ĵ
һʱ䣬崳ҲǾ̾ѣ
䣡
ӵѾ¶һ˿ȻѾǶһɽ
գ֮䣡
ѾǺɨ˺Ǳߣ
磡
ӦĻᶼûУͿǵѾ
ڿӵһɫѾǱ
ɡǿߡ
Լֻǵ⼸ֱQʱѾǱһնϣ
Ѫ֮Уǲŵʼӳ˵ĸǰ
һ崳ǳǷʥϼݵȻӭѲɶҲ뷸Ҳɣ
ҷЩѵĿԼĸ׵Ѫ֮УӲ
һǸĽƵŮҪƴˡ
һԵĺҲһƬң
ȥ
ǺıԭΪԼĸܹסơ
û뵽˲Ϣ䣬ԼĸѾɥȪˡ
ԭЩ׼ֵĳǷһӶڵ
ʿˮʲô
ǰһ̣˸ոոϵһѾΪλĽˡ
ֲ̫ˣ
ЩԥˣҲ˳ߣߣ壡
һ
ԭЩԥˣķԼеıһʼĹ
һ˹£žеڶˣ
ǶŵЧӦһ£ܿ˶ǹ
꣡
վǰ棬ԭʵͷǳ޹ֻǳǷһСආѣ
ΪղŷԼйأ׵Ĺǰ棡
ЩǷЩΧ׵Ҳһ
ԭֻ˵
û뵽½Ĵʥ٣崳ǵĳ
һ̣崳ѾǱˣ
׵ȡЧԭЩ֮Աǵˣһǹ˵ϣҿ
΢΢һ̾ƽ
һ£Ҳǽ׿˼ּ崳ǳңӷҷ磬ն˵˳Ҵף޼̣
ߵл
ӿˣҲŭһ
ȥѾǸˣΪû˸վ˵
ףҲһεĹµ崳˴׵崳ǣʥ٣ҵԵΪ׸𣡡
ãǰɣ׿˵Ǻܲˡ
˱ȽϵĹֱ
Ȼ˵ʵǳһ㣬ĿǰҲɼʵǱǺܴġ
ҪʲôҪģ
ĩμʥϣ׹
׿˿콫ֵ֮ʣ֮λʱȱΪ崳ǳǷָʹݸ崳ΰȺγ£
ʥϣҡʵ΢
һʵʸΪǷָʹأ
Ȼ׵ĻмѣְλҲҪİ
ûн۷弶ʵҪסǷˣҲס
׿˵УǱУ
ĩл¡Ǽˣû뵽ȻøΪָʹ
ҷ翴ףҲǲΡΡŭȵ㡭ɱҸףҡҪҪ֮أ
ʥѾҺ
ಽĳźҷĸǰ˹һĨâ
һʵ̫֪ôˣȻƶ
ӳ䣡
ţҿ˭ͬѧ
ӼҪ֮ʣһ֮ѾǴ˵ĶУ
ĽƣղŸŭ֮ˣһεվ˳
˵ʵĽƴ˿ҲЩƣôҲû뵽˾ȻǴĵ
һĵʲôأ
ҷһֱΪԼԼ⼸ͬѧ崳ǣԼظУ
ⲻ֪ϲŮĽƣͷŸΪľˣ
òҪҴ飡ӿĽ
ĽƸӣĶ׵Ҹ˵ûУͬѧ㲻ɱ򡭡
崳޵Ĺ޵Ĺ޲飿һ֮ˣûǣѾǶԵˣ
ЦһĨһ˿ɱ⣡
ӳּ
ĽƵ¶һ˿ŵЦݵΪһСС˲ˣĽƽͰѻߣҪҶնɱҷ磬ұ֤ҷ𣡡
ôĿ޴а
һ䣬ӳ֣ѾǶһɽ




1740Ľϼ
 

ݣ
ʯ֮䣡
һ᳤ĽѾ˳׵ĸǰ
ĽƵɴ۾ǵԼķɱҲһ˿Ļң

֮Уһײ
׵ǵѾǱ˸ȴδκ˵Ӱ
ҷʵ˿Ѿǻŵ˼㣬ΪԼҪˣ
û뵽ؼʱ̣ԼϲŮȻΪԼͷˡ
ҷΨһ̣¾ԼhԺѧˡ
ƺݶǰʲôĵûκεô
𣿡
׵üͷһ壬û뵽ŮıȻ𼶱ǿػ
ʵϸղһĲǳĽȥģ
Ȼɱϣȴɱ޹
ĽƿһЩҲΪͬѡ
Ľһ֪Ӧм֮˰бԼ
һεĻָŵߣѾ˵ˣߣ㶨Ȼڵģ
޹
׸ĽƣĿѾסȺ֮еһλߣ
λҲһΪղѾ֪ǰλĵɾڵʵѣ
û뵽һɾ֮ˣȻԼ
⻹Ծ飬Ծǣһ﷢Լ𼶱֮󣬾Ȼĳƣ
СѲǷˣ
˶ǳ׹ķȥֻһλһѾĽƵķ㣡
׸ղֻǱѣδźǿĹԣ
ѾվĽƵԱߣҲЦһȺˣɱѵ
ߣһССĵȻҶĽҴС㶯֣ɱѾ׼ҪնɱҼҴС㣿ҪǼСһͷᶼ
λü֮͸һӵţ
Ľүү㡭ô⣿
Ľһˣ֮Ҳǳ˾ϲ֮ɫ
ĽпĽҲ¶һ˿ȰЦݵС㣬һ͵͵ܳ峤ܷİ
ллĽүүĽ¶һ˿ɰģܿĽүү۸ҡ
С㣬ѾˣĽпףҲ¶һ˿мЦݵû뵽һССȻ𼶱ǿҵЩСˣ
𼶱ǡǸһˣĽһʵ
Ľ΢΢ҡͷȻǣһǸʲôӾ𼶱֮ˣӣҲǸոս𼶱𣡡
ǺˣҴĹ˷
ӱĽ˵ҲһƣȻԿó˵ʵǿ
ҪȻҲһ۾ͿԼʵģ
ȷҲǸոճΪ𼶱ǿߣҲǰѣ
׿Ľе˳޲֪˭Ҳ֪˭̴޵ǰʧͲҪ޲ˣ
ҴܻʳĽϼ壬ֲһССָֻţ
Ľһ̤ţ
һΧ֮ҲϾ𼶱ǿߵǷǳԵģ
ҵ谡Ľϼ壿ôôĽϼأ
ǰĽϼǴܻʳĴ֮һʵνף
ǴʥҲǵùոѾû뵽˸Ľϼ壡
Ǵλ»ʣƺȥҲͦİ
ɣܹ˼ĽϼĽϼ尡ʥҲĴڰ
ЩȻʵǿ崳֮У˵ĶǺܶġ
кܶǾˣϲ̸һЩĳĳǿĳĳɹǿ֮Ļ⡣
Ҳ룬ʵǿҲԼĲǣ
Ľϼ壿û˵Ҳһ仰Ҵ׵Ĺ޵Ļ죡
ĽеĻ
׵Ļǵس˿ڸղĽУ
úúãõúܣССȻ˲ǽ챾ҪǴףǲʸĽϼ˵Ļ
ĽЦһҲֳһ˿мЦ⣡
ʥϣĿǰ̫࣬Ľϼ˴Ĵ֮һʵۺǽǡ
һĽϼ壬Ҳһͷ
hԺ黹ûи㶨أû뵽ȻĽϼ壡
ôôأ
Ѿ˸ŮޣȻĽϼĴС㣿
׵ɫƽˮ΢΢ҡͷ޾ȻԼĹϣ޵ͷϵģ˵Ľϼ壬ǴܻʳҲУ

ĽҲû뵽һﾹȻ˵ĻһսѾ޷ˣ
ʵĽҲƲѣ񲻹Ϊ˱һĽţ
û뵽ĽƲhԺûжĹ򣬾Ȼǳ鷳
ȻĽϼ岻ںһССأ
Ľгϡʥϣԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬɷҷҶһ𣿡
˽֮ʣһ϶ӵԶƮ
ĽҲһ㶣Ȼӣô⣿
״˿ҲǽĿԶüͷҲ΢΢ڵǿߣôأ




1741·Ҷеı
 

ĽеĿдһ˿ľȣ
û뵽ӾȻ崳СطʵЩԾ
Ҫ˵ҶУǱνǿ
Ҷɽʮ֮һǵķֵνǱ鲼ɽ磡
ҪһҶпɲ崴
ɽʮ֮УռаڽɽʣµʹȺ
ҶоΪǿ֮һȸһ
Ҫ֪ȸһеĵλ൱ڵ۳еĵλ
ȻˣҶ쳣ĵ͵£ԷҶеҲǷǳĲġ
ʵﵽһľ֮ʵʲô廹壡
峤صֻһǾǿߣǿߣ
ĸ壬ֻҪʵﵽηĵزǱһˡ
ײ֪ҶеıҪ֪Ļ뵽һˡ
ʥϣû뵽ȻǷҶе˳ˣһҪ
ף˵ǰֻȰ׵Ļôһǽˡ
Ȼ˵Ҷв£ɲ˼ǲ£ǴܻʳҲǲҶе֣
οһССĴأ
ܹĹȸһ
ɵۣҲøȸһӣΪ˼ʵǱء
׿Ľϼìһкιϵ
ʥϣ׸˵ļǰѲʥϻ֪Ҷеı󡭡
ӿףԭΪ׿϶֪ģڿһãȻӣӦҲ֪Ҷеıˡ
׵ʥϣҶеıΪǿ֮һȸһУǿǲ𰡣
ȸһ壿
סˣȸһ廹ЩϤġ
׻磬ԼһԳȸһ峤ɵĶӷ
ʶɵģͲʶˡ
Ҳȷ˵ĵ滰Ǽٻ
׿ӦҲûбҪԼ˵ٻİɣ
ʥӦ֪ĴȺɣȸ׻䣡ĴȺҶ½Ĵ۳νǿֲ֮Ҷоȸһģԡ
ĵĽ͵Ҫ˵hԺĽϼ巭ⶼпԭ
ɸȸһĺԿĻ·һǿ϶ġ
ԣΪԼİȫǣҲȰף̫
¶һ˿Цݵȸһ壿Ϊʲô忪У岻ǡ
ʥ֪Ȼսңһµ۳ٲУһֱǻͨ޵ģϾҩ֮ĶϡȱԿЩ׬Ǯ
ЩǰһҲʡȥ׺ܶɻ
ʵҲ֪ЩģֻԺ֮гһЩҪϢ֮⣬ĶǱĨȥˣ
Ҳ׶ɽܶһ֪
üͷʵҲ⣬ôܴɹʶأְһĲɿһȴͨޣ
ʥ֪ˣڵĶ½ʵԴΪƶһ½ˣڵ½ǲĸڵҩʲôȴһϲͨҲǸȡɣ
ףĵĽ͵
ʵڵĿҲֻһǾǲܹôĳ嶯ˣ˶ѣ
һԵҲǵͷʥϣҶб̫ǿ󣬼Ȼǵ˳ˣǱҪӰ
һҪ
ײ̰ȸһ廹ԨԴ
ʵϣϻһȸһȸ
ֻҲ֪Сӵ˵ǲģ
һȸ˵ԺɽʲôѶ
ȻˣھȥҷҲЩ˼
Ͼװƭˣ
ʥӢ
֪ôģ״ӦҲһ
׿ǷҶУǰȥһλӰɣ
Զ
Ľп׵˳ŷҶеķ˹ȥҲǷһߣ
ߣãû뵽ҶеķӳϾȻ崳ǣĽϼѾˣƣ
ĽȻ㶯ˣǺǿģ
ӵŴܻʳĴ֮һĽϼ˵ҪûʲôĻ̫ˣ
Ľһγ֣ȫΪҪԼҵĴС㶯֣
ĻҲֵһݵľ棡
׿Ľ΢΢Цһãǣ㻹ţޱڴĽϼ壡
Ӧ
׸ʲôĽϼ壬ֻȤǷҶУ
Ҫ׷ɽôˣ




1742·
 

ҶУ
վڷҶеĶ㣬˿ѾǶˣ
ӭĽгϺʹ׵۾ǷҶа
ӵʼմһ˿ЦݣȥһڼүүģüĿ
ڴܻʳܶ˶֪λȸһǿƹܻʳķҶУλߣ
ĽкͷڴܻʳķҶʶӵġ
ȻˣҲʶѣ
ĽȻȷӵĳ֣֪ȻӿˣҲҪҶһЩӵģ
ֻĽк׶׵ǣһôµķҶУΪʲô֮ìأ
Ľ΢΢ֵô⣿
崳ǵķҶҪٰһᣬȻùкˣ
ӿĽҲǻشȻӦҲʲôܣ
᣿ôһĶû˵أ
ĽҲЩֵĿŷӣϾһٰǿɶ˾֪ġ
ɷҶеƺһǵ͵ĺܣܶ˶֪
ЦŵȻϹˣĽгӦҲ֪ǵֻѡһЩʵҹĽϼȻҲ֮УĽгѲɲ֪
һǲ֪飬֪嵽λһԡ
ĽҲЩ㵣崳ǣû뵽ȻԼ֪飡
ҪְǱĽϼĴСĽƣƺҲûκεĹϵ
Ҳסˣ漴һЦԭΪĽгϹμᣬŪˣ
ԭֹһʵϾΪΪĽμԼġ
ЩˣΪˣ
֪ĻľͲֹĽϼ֮ˡ
ϾǷҶеƢԵĻһǲֵġ
ĽеͷǸˣһûյϢ
΢΢һЦ޷ԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬҷӾϣ֪λɷҸӣϢأ
ȻҪģֻССĴʵ̫ŰһЩ
Ľпŷ˵ĻҲһƣ
ĲܲϾȸһǿߣ
ӣǾͲҶе
ټĽϼͷҶҲЩģӦӵĻ빫˽ʵǲ̫õġ
ĽвҶģҲӣ
еȴȥ˵ĻҪ˵ġ
֪ʥϹգ
ӿףҲĨһ˿ʣ
ǰȻȥͨͨȴܹܵĳ˵ǹɰţ
׽³ʵҲǸո֪ã
ǰλ½۾ЩȤˡ
ף
ûκεķϻ򵥵³֣
һ㶣漴һЦʥһ֮ϣɷͣĽϼ֮أ
ȻˣȻҪһЩӣڴӦ֮ǰϣԻشҼ⣡
׿ŷӣⷬһǷӶסˣ
СڸԼ̸
ԭڷӿԼ⻰һǰ֮˵̬ӦøĽв࣬Ҫӵı΢һЩ
Ͼĳ棬ʵڻ׵Σ
ӾԴʵôֵܵסܻʳĴ֮һĽϼأ
Ȼǲܵ飡
ĳ棬ʵǽ˴Ľϼһ㰵
ϾĽϼոձ½Ĵĵˣ
û뵽СӾȻԼȻش⣬ʵ÷Щˬˡ
Ľпŷӵҿ㻹ǲҪȰˣһȻӶ
ɫЩ仯¶һ˿Цݵֻǻش𼸸ѣ޷
ʵϣһԵѾŵЩˡ
Լλʥϻ۶ƵһҪǼŭ˷ӷĻôǿľ군˰
׿Ľе˵ֻҪ˵䡭
㡭
Ľû뵽СӾȻԼôһ֣ҪԼȥĽ
ʵЩҲסĽҲŭָף
ҪΪߵĻѾҪˡ
ԣĽгϻмλƬ̣Ҳò˶ãһһλǷҶеһЩأ
ȻʵǿᣬϾˣƵĵǶã
Ҷеıȸһ壬һ˻治Ҹ
ҲǿˣһСС۾ȻҸԼ̸ˡ
ҪһҪԼʲô
˵ʵӴ˿ѾǱ׸סˣ




1743ʶ峤
 

Ҷж㣡
ԭ߸˵ķ䣬ֻʣ׸У
ӵһֱףƺҪ׿һ㣡
׿ŷ¶һ˿Цݵ𣬲֪ȸһ壿
ʥĪǾҪ˾֪⣿
ӿףҲ¶һ˿Ц
˵ղ崺һЦݵĻôƺ߾źһ㣡
ԼıףڷǳĲˬ
׿ŷһƵЦŵҪһһʣ㲻ȸһ壬ҵҲˣ
ʥϹȻڲ֪ͬȸһ壬ȴҸô˵ˣڴܻʳǵһǴܻʳʥϼңҲˣ
Īһ¶һ˿Цݣףо¶һ˿͵ζ
СӻͦƢģ˵һֱǲģ
ڱУţ
ڷӵУоӦһţһڹţ
ڵķʮֵҪ֪Сӵŵʲôطģ
ʼ𣬼Ȼȸһ壬ұ㿪żɽˡʵϣйһѣҲȸһ壬ֻҪһλôˣû˼
ʲôѣȸһģ
û뵽׾ȻʶԼˣҪ֪ҶڴܻʳһҲɳôһλˣ
ڷҶµģȸһ֮ˣ
ΪȸһˣҪ߸ľȫֶѣ
Ͼȸһ壬ҪɽûΣҲҪﵽһʵģ
ȸһûôɳȥһʳܹɳȥһλȸһĳԱҲҪܶܶȸһǿģ
ÿһҷҶжһλȸһ֮Ļ
ǿȸһҲøɱˣֱӾˡ
ҪĻȸһ廹ڵǿ𣿾Ȼܵģ
΢΢ͷǺǣҲżȻʶģ
֪ʥϿɷ֪˵֣ϾȸһҲзǳˣҵҲһʶ
⻰˵Ҳûģģ崳ǵ˿¶ʶ͸ˡ
ֻΪʶȸһ֮ˣһԼѣ
÷Ӷ׵ĺøжһӾ˲ٶѣ
ЦŵȻ֪ôʷأûмǴĻλȸһ֮Ӧý
㡭ղ˵ʲô
ӵɴ۾ףһ˿֮ɫ
ʶ
׿ŷӵӣҲЦʵ
ʵ֪ȸһ峤ɵĶӣôʶҲͲˡ
Ҫֻȸһ弫ΪͨһԱĻ¶ˡ
ȸһֻһλˣǾȸһ峤ʥĪڿЦɣ
ӿףһĨɣܿɫҲ
ʶ
ֻǷȸһ峤ֵ֪˻ǷǳĶࡣ
峤ʶһССĵ֮ݲν֮𰡣
⻰ʲô˼
׿ŷɫͻȻҲüͷʵ
ʶˣԼҪƭȻǲҪģ
ңʶⴵţҲûκε岻ǣ
ߣ֪峤֮࣬Ҳʲôֵ飬峤Է֮󣬴δءŴʥӦҲûȥذɣ˸Ӷŵطڸʶ峤
ӸоǰԼСˣ
Լôɵ
Ҫһʶ峤ĻôҪء
Ͼ峤ʲôݣһ仰ȸһ嶶˰
Ŀǰ峤ĵλǿǽ峤˵ģʵȸһλڶ
δ
峤ǺпܳΪȸһǸˣ
ˣһʳϵģ
ҲѹַҪˣΪоǰ׵ļһȻҿԼڲŭĻǾûˣ
һ㶣ȷҲǣ
Ϊʶǿ磬ɽ⻹ЩͲͨ
Щʱûа취ͣϾڵЩˡ
ŷ΢΢һ̾ȻţǾ͵û˵ɣ
û˵ĪǾҷƢ̫ãȻ׾ӵĻƭң֮ǰһֱΪֻЩû뵽ȻҶҿ̣ǿɾ͹ֲˣ
ɱ˸
һЩŭˣǴܻʳĵҲôԼ
û뵽һССȻˣ
׿ŷӳĶˣڵĻ㣡ˣԭǲóģӦÿ֤˰ɣ
׵У˿ѾǶһҫƣ
ƵȻдšȸ֣




1744ȸ
 

ȸ
öȸЩƽ棬ȴһЩ棡
ԭǲ˵飡
ɷȴΪԼϷˣΪ˲ȸһ巢ͻ
Ҳֻܹѡȸóٿ֤һԼȸһŷͬһĹϵǣ
ȸ
ӵյĹԲоһ㣡
Ȼû뵽ǰλʥϾȻóһоԺĶ
ȸһΪܵѣǾԲӵȸġ
һӷǳҪ֪ȸҲֻȸһĸ߲ʸ񷢷ţ
Ҫǣÿһλֻ߲öȸҲ˵ȸһȸԲʮ
οʮöȸ񷢷ųȥҲ޼
Ȼ֪ȸҲȷǼȸǵһĴӷȸһпöȸ
׿ŷӵڿ֤Ҹ峤ʶ˰ɣԭʱ˵ҵȷǺ峤ʶöȸҲҵģ
࣡
ʿˮԭһ˿ɱѾʧӰˡ
ȡ֮һЦ
ûа취ȸȷǧȷģΪֻȸһ˲ܹ֪õȸĴڣ
ȸУһ˿ȸһߵϢ
ӿ׵ȸһӼʥϣ桭û뵽ʥϾȻ峤֮ѣʥԭ֮ǰ³ç
𲻱ˣʵѯЩֻҪȷһ·峤ôˣԺлᣬҶȻǰȸһ壬峤ɰ
Ҳ΢΢һЦڿǷȻûƭˣ
ȸɽûжôȴܹȸһ֮˳׵ĸıԼ̬ȣ
ȻˣһҪȶһҪǿĶɣ
峤ǧ꣬һֱڱչ״̬ѲɴʥҲǴˮǷģ
ӿɲɵӣɽֱ֮ӽȸһأ
ȻͿʼչˣǰλҪʶΨһ;Ǿˮǵʱ
Ļô;Ҫˣ
Ҫ֪峤ػˮǽѾ꣬ʶһЩˣһЩ֮Ҳˡ
׿˿ӵЩ֪֪ӣԺ˷峤ʱڸ㲻٣ϣ㡭
ʥģ֮޹أֻҪ֪ʥ峤Ѿ㹻ˣ
ӿ׵ӣΪʲô׻ô˵ˡ
ڿǰλʥϻǸԼ峤ˮʶ
Ȼ峤ѣȻȸһѡ
Ϊǵ峤δпܾȸһµߣ
׹һЦܿüʵղ˵Ѿǧˣ
ӵͷǰӦһǧˣһеˣ
ǧꣿ⡭ôأ
ҲһҪ֪Լ֮ǰˮҲ͹ȥ˼ʱѣ
ڷӾȻ˵ѾǷǧˣѵɽʱˮǵʱͬ
ǧʱ䣬峤ҲѾΪɻʳڵǿߣ˾֪鰡
ӲʲôܣԴӻ֮󣬱Ϊ˹עĽ㣡
ȻûһɾôĿţ
ɽ֮ҲǴﵽɾڵĲΣʵķ٣
ҲˮǰУҪһξĻ»Ĳǧ֮н֮죡
ЦŵðɣҲЩˣ
һ뵽ɽһˮǲһʱ䣬еĵҲС˺ܶ࣡
ϾԼĸĸϵ˿ɶˮأ
ɽǿɲһɽıչؿνǿ֮˸̾µţ
һɽʱˮʱһĻ׻Ĳ̫ء
һգһ۾ǧĻǿµԼصˮǵʱԼûʶˡ
ӿЦŵʥϼȻ峤ѣȻȸһѣԺǴʥҪҷҶж߾ȫ
ˣҪȻҲƴǵġֻˣһ»Ĳ̫ϲ鷳ˣԼìԼͿˣ
׿ŷ΢΢һЦ
ӿ׳ʥϣȻô˵ɱϾɽǷǳĲпģ峤֪ûбõĻǡ
û£澳˲ϵĳɳ𣿡׿ŷŵ˵
ЦŵȻ˵ĻҶʥϵ˼ˡǵͷҲʥκεĹϸ𡣡
ã׹һЦ
һһţȫȻʱһһţ
ʱ佥ıƽӶ׵ʥϣܲһЩöǷҶеǷǳģ
ˣ
ҲûƴǣŷӵĽŲҲ뿪˶¥
ֻǵ׸˵Ц߳ʱĽеѾǿĿɿڴˣ




1745Ľ峤Ľף
 

Ҷеһ㣡
Ӻ˵ЦһԵĽпǰľҲһ±ƣ
Ҫ֪ղѾǸоӸЩҪͻļˣ
һССȻҸ𼶱ǿšͣⲻʲôأ
ɵȵ̸֮Ƿ·һ㣡
Ľܲ
һ˹ϵˣʱ򼴱ĽϼҲøһЩˡ
һԵĽƿ׸ǰ棬Ҳһ̾ĿĽеĽүүǡǸһôϵôأ
Ҳһͷˮ
ĽпĽƣҲ΢΢ҡͷҲ֪ΣӵҪġ
ĽƺһǸ㲻һССôôţģҾǿקקӡ
С㣬˵㿴ߣҲ߰ڷҶУЩ黹ǵȳȥԺ˵ɣܵ˺ܲ
ĽЦһĿһεľۼ׵ϣ
С֮ǰ˵Ѿǳ׵ļŭĽУôܻʳĴ֮һĽңȻһСС
˵ȥ¶˵ģʵˣ
ĽȻҪһﵽţʲôط
ߣҾǿˬлһҪúõĽѵһĽƾ
ʵҲɵģԼͬѧһﵱô˵۸ˣ
ⲻǶǫhԺһ
ǣһﲻ֪hԺӣĽҵҲ
ʥ۾ڴˣhԺĽҿҲҪ˼ˣ
ƾʲôôĿԴأ
Ľʼ벻׵һ㣬лᣬһҪһ
С㣬ȻҶ㶯֣İɣڴû˸ҶǼ֮˶֣Ҫǽ棬СӿѾǻɢˣ
ĽЦǼһʵ̫ˣֻҪڴˣĲܲӣ
Ҷеĵһ㣬˿ѾǾۼһЩڴˣ
ǷҶоٰӣҪ˵ҶеᣬҲǷǳĳģ
ԣ崳ֻһĳУɽȴۼ˺ܶĴڴˣ
һЩеҲУ֮䱾ǻͨ޵ġ
Ҫ֪óĶɲƽʱ澭ֵĶ
Щǿɶϡ
һЩԼʶҲźܶǰֺĹ
ɽԱ
ѾһʱˣһƷʯԵһƷӿνǱȱȽǣ
ȻûôĿţһЩ˵ȷõģ
һƷ֮ĺöѰ֮˼Ҫ̽鶼Ǻѵġ
ΪڼƷûзӳʵʵ֮ǰɻʼǿߣҲ
ָʱͷǳ٣
ϾɽļƷҲô࣡
ĽкĽƳ˹ȥǸûмʱ򣬴ſֽһˣ
ĽƵɴ۾һͱҪ΢һЩ˽ɫ쳣ļ
˱ıľͳǸӵķ˹ȥ
磬ôˣ
Ľƿˣһ˷ˣ
ôҲû뵽ԼĸȻ崳Сط
Ľף
Ľϼ峤ҲĽƵĸ磡
ĽңĽ׵ݼΪ󣬶Ҳܻʳպ֮һ
δпĽҵƶˣ⼸ݼԵޱˡ
ĽһĽƳԼķ˹Ҳ¶һ˿ЦСƣѾͷôߣѲɷҶлⲻ̫ܰɣ
峤
ȻĽֻɾڵĲΣĽжλ峤Ҳ쳣أ
ĽгϣˣСӣĽг϶չˣԭҪμһεģǵĽƵأүүˡ
Ľ׿ĽҲ΢΢һЦȻ崳ȵطԼˣҲǺܿĵģ
磬ұ۸ˣ
ĽƿĽף̿ʼԼС棡
СҪ˵ΪԼģԼүүԼ磡
Ľ׶ԼÿνӦ֣ҲĽĽϼĵλǳĸߣ
ǣ˸۸㣿ϲּĽһĽƵĻҲˣ
ĽЩί˵磬ģ
ŶĽгϣСı˸۸ˣĽһĽƵӣԭЦҲʵ
峤ġ
ĽпĽף򵥵Ľ֮ǰһ˿Ľ׵ɫѾЩˣ
ʥϣһСС۾ȻҶö֣Ƿ˲ɣ
Ľ׵ɫѾǳ׵˿ҲӿֳһĨɱ




1746Ľ׵Ľ
 

Ҷеһһڣ
Ľ׵ɫΪղ˷Ҷеķ棡
ԭֱӱŭĽҲ˲侲
ΪδĽϼļ̳ˣĽ״Сų˵侲
ʵϣķչԶֹˣ
ֻΪǣĽƣĽҲֻһ⣬Եһ˿˿ļ
侲Ľ׷ǸӵĿһЩ
һ𵽵ʲôϵĽгϡ
Ľ׿ĽУҲһ˿ɻ
Ľ΢΢Цһ峤˵ʵ֮ǰһֱڹ۲λ׵ĵ۾ȴδκε쳣˵֪ôһЩĻûʲôص㣡
ףƺû˵崳Ӧڴɣ
Ľ׵ɻһССԲôŵġ
ƫƫĵȻhԺĽϼӶ
ʵ̫һЩ
ĽƿĽ׽һ磬Ǽһɿˣ֮ǰ˵ˣҪҸĽԵĻ֮أɡǼһ
ǼһôˣĽ׿ԼõӣҲ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ĽƶŵǼһﾹȻҵĻ񶼲֪ĽϼʲôĴء
ĽҲ΢΢ͷ˵ոȡ˴Ϊһµףġ
ĽЦһĽүүרעڱСƣȻ֪ЩĽҵ˱鲼ҸʱǣĽϡ
峤
Ľ׵Աߣһͷҵ
Ľϣôˣ
ĽԱߣĽһĽֵʱҲһ£
Ҫ֪ĽĽҳ峤֮⣬Ϊǿһλˡ
ĽĽͬΪĽϼĳϣĽֻʮҲһλĳ϶ѣ
Ľ룬ȴĽϼλһĳϣʵǴﵽ۷ĲΣ
ĽҲ֣ϾһǸ𱣻Ľ׵ģ
ĽժЦһʮϣΥˣ
ϣû뵽СС崳ǣ˿峤֮⣬ȻһǴ׵ĵ֪ôˣ
ĽһıοһҪһﳹ׵˭ǲܹġ
Ľ΢΢һЦ峤һСС֮˶ѣҿûбҪȥ˽˰ɣˣ뿪˷Ҷ֮ҵȳһǣ
ϣԲӰĽ׳ûзһɱ˱ɱˣӺһţЩ˰ܻʳƮҡĽϼǵ˷ҶеĻ
峤˼Ȼף˸ҶеĹϵӦҲòȥ֮ǰӦǸʶǸһ
Ľ뿴ĽҲǵ
һҵȻ֪ǸղĽгҲ˵ˣǼһӳ֮˵ЦһЩ˼ڴܻʳľȸһ壡
Ľ׿ĽˣҲԼĹ۵㣡
Ĺ۵ȷǾʱҪȰһĵϸˣʱҲ٣
Ľ΢΢һ̾Ȼ峤Ҫˣǵ˾⣡
ܿ죬һźµӱߣһĽ׵˵ʱҲǹ
СĽ¸峤Сλ밲ˡ
Ľ¸ĿɲǴһƬ򣬶ǸɽΧļ
еīhԺ˵һƬ֪ĶǳĶࡣ
ĽƣҲıΧ֮ڣ
ֻĽ֮˶ĽƸģרɳĽĳϡ
⵹ҲĽʡȥ˲ٵ˼
ʵ飬ĽҲǵ֪ģΪҪԭΪ˽Ӵ峤ʹϵ崳ǵģ
Ľ£Ǻǣû뵽ȻһĽһĽ£ҲЦ
£Ȼʵ͵λŲСĲ࣬ɴС˻һġ
ֻǺĽԽԽĽҲɳȥִˣ˲ŽЩԶˡ
СС崳ǣû뵽һεļˡ
Ľ¿ĽҲǼ˵峤һʮʱ˰֪峤ǡ
Ľ£ҲͷˣǴСһ𳤴֮Ͳʲô峤峤ôĿˡ㣬ڸʲô򣿡
Ľ׿Ľ£Ҳ֪ǼÿһƬһˣ
ĽҲǼİϵĵλӦòܵ͵ģϾĽ֮ˣ
Ľ¹ֵ峤񲻿ɷϣһ峤ҲĽе峤峤ȽϵĸӣΧļԼhԺɽԺҲڼܣ
Ŷ컹Ҷ˰ỹһӵĹİɣ
Ľ׿Ľ£ҲҪ֪Ǹޱȵļһﵽʲôͷ
ûʲôͷĻɾͲˣ
ɽ֮УǽȻʵͱ򵥴ֱ




1747Ľҵľ
 

ڣ
Ľ׵ɫû˺ܶ࣬һԵĽǹȴĽ׵ѯʣ
Ȼʱ飬ҶѾǳˣȻҲȷˣ
ô£
ĽȷʣƵľνĴôðģ
Ľ¿Ľ΢΢һЦ峤˵ܲţ͵ڰ֮ǰ
֮ǰ֮ǰĴأĽɻʵ
۾ƻնɱڽԳǣ峤͸λ벻ǣһεĴ۾ǵԳһƷķϲģֽף
ĽµϢҲǽڲĻģڵһȽֱ۵˽⡣
ϲģһϲҲܹΪĵĪǸҿЦȻ˵ʵãǽƻƺҲɾڵǿ߰ɣ
Ľ֪һĵûʵĻǿ϶ǲܵģ
ƻҲ˽һ£ƺɾڵǿߡ
һɾڵǿߣڼôֵ㻤ôܻһϲĶȥ˽ɽأ
Щ˼
Ľ¿ʼĽܵ飬ȻԼ࣬ȴҲһƣ
ϲϮˣǺǣСǺǿİֻ˵ʲô
Ľ׿һϲôܱһλǿأ
һԵĽЦһ׵Сǵõʲôöֻ˵͵õˣֻһֱ̲ѣǲһˣ
ǰһҹˣ׿
ĽҲǵͷǾ֮ܶѣûм棡
Ľ£ϼһСˣǿһʹңŵõôһ᣿
ĽһţԼ΢һҲܹ֪⵽ôˣ
峤ӦģһȷЩڲͬ
Ľ¿ĽҲ΢΢һ̾Ϊ֮飬ԼЩĿɿڴ
ڲͬĿ˰ɣ
ĽƿĽ£Ҳ΢΢һѾǽ׸λˣ
Դ֪
ĽƸյĶ壬ҪŤת׵ӡ󣬼ǲˡ
Ľ΢΢ҡͷһʼռЩϢʱҲô̫һЩɺȴִӦûЩʵģΪǻĵ꣬мλhԺѧΪƻĹϵȽϺãǰȥң
hԺ˶ҵɣĽҲȤʵ
磬Ǹһĺܣҹƿ϶ңָʲôأ
ĽһȻָԼѧԺйأվԼѧԺһߣ
Ľ¿Ľ׵ֹǸҰ׵նɱλhԺѧһλʥ̫ٷ磬Ѻ
նɱhԺѧ
ĽҲһĽϼ壬Ҳɲ
ҲǸhԺˮˮ
Ľ΢΢һ̾ǰҿϢʱҲǲϢˡɺȷϢ
ߣһССȻҵնɱhԺˣⲻ𣿡ĽЦһ
ϣ⻹ûأhԺ֪ɳ˼λĸǰȥ
Ľ¿ĽҲǳҪ֪Ľ׵ګhԺҲĸ֣
Ȼ뿪˫hԺǺϤģ
ĸְ˭
ĽƱĽƺӵ˷ܣҪ֪hԺһᵽû˲˷ܵģ
ҡ˫µˡ
Ľ¿ĽҲǻشѾʲôˣ
Ϊʱ򣬾ڴ׵Ļʹ֮ڣ֪˲
Դ̽Щ飬ĽҲûл̫
ʦֶȥ𣿻ʮλ˫ʦ㣬ɡǼһôĺúõأ
Ľһ⼸˵֣ҲǼ
ܿ뵽һ⣬hԺɳǿݣôǼһﻹĺúõأ
Ľ̾һʮλҵ£ֱӱնɱڴ׻ʹ֮ڣʣµҸ˫ˣ
ʲô
Ľ׵ɫһû뵽½Ĵĵ۾Ȼ˵ķ
նɱѧԱǸѧԺս˰
Ľµǰ峤ҲҷǳֵĵطʵˣҲֹһ˷Ϣٹգλ׵˵Ҫ٫hԺëhԺһ
ۣ
ԭոһڲĽףһӽԼеĲˮ˳
ģɻûмôļһ
hԺһһǲǱ¿˰
Ľ¶һ˿㵵ı˵Ľ£㲻ڸұ°ɣһСС۾ȻëhԺһȻҪ٫hԺôôأ
˵ʵ
Ľ˵ôãĽ׵˵һ¶𾪵ı飬ʵ̫ˣ
ǲ֪Цһ֪Цһˣ
ΪȻ˸ɵóʵĲа
峤ǧȷһ崳ǿףҲ²ӦþǸ֮īhԺ֮йأ
Ľ³˵ľʵȻԼΪԼƺЩ̫һЩ
Ľ̾һĻǸ˲ŰȻhԺйڣǾˡ
ˣ
һƵûĵѾվ˷Ҷеһչ̨֮ϣ
Ҫʼˣ




1748Ʒ棡
 

ᣡ
ɽʵǴͬС죬ҶеԸ߶һЩѣ
Ϊû뺯Ļǽģ
Ҳ˵û뺯ʸûУֻǷҶбȽС͵һѣ
Ҳ̸ʲôΪһ뺯
Щ䶯ɽᣬ
һβμᣬδʲôϾеĺöǷǳġ
˵ˣҲеģټЩ߼ҩʲôҲȱ
ҲûоԼʲôҪģǿԵģ
һĿ㣬˵һƷ
ϾƷɽҲǷǳţˣܶȻƷſȵ׷
һʮܶ˶ΪƷһѹᡣ
û뵽˵ʮżƷʱƷɽѾóˡ
ѲɻиõĶҶлǸ˾ϲ
˵Ʒڵڶλ˿
˵Ҷлкöûչʾأ
ǾɣһεƷǵĿ꣬ģǺöȻҲŹ
İ֮Уһ洫˳
ܶ˶һƷǱһЩڴ־Щܣ
ϾкöĻǷҶӦǰ׼ʯ
ӴῪʼ֮󣬾ûվ
Ʒ֮һεվˡ
ƷҲֵ÷ӳˡ
˽Ϊ棬ǳԵĳλɵ֣֮ҷҶл˼Ĵ۲ŵõģһóҲԥ˺ܾã
ӿһĿѾסϵ潣Ҳ΢΢һЦ
𣬲֪׼۶٣
ĳ֮Уһ˳ȥΪǿᣡ
ӵҲգЦŵȻƷȻǼֵǡ׼һƷʯÿμӼ۲Ʒʯ
һƷʯһٿƷʯһƷʯ
Ҳ˵Ʒĵ׼Ѿﵽ˺˵ʮƷʯˣ
һСС˵ʮƷʯóһƷʯ¶Ƿ
Ʒļ۸Ƕôĺˣ
ɽƶǽһЩΪ˼ʮƷʯ
ЩȴӵƷʯһлΪʵ
˵ɽˣǻʯٶȾǳκ˵ġ
Ȼ崳ǾٰᣬһĶǴܻʳĹԱͼ壬ܱһЩʲôģҲλУ
һƷʯⲻǵ׼۶ѣ
յļ۸񣬻֪Ҫڶأ
ܻʳϼ壬һһʮʯ
һٶʮƷʯ
һʮƷʯ
һѾǴӰڴƷʯƺʲô
Ҳˣ
ż۸񲻶ϵıƸߣһЩƺѾǼֲסˣ
Ͼ򼶱Ʒʯܶ¶Ҫҵˣ
ܻʳĽϼ壬Ʒʯ
Ľ׵ӰڴһٶʯѾһˣ
۸һܶ˶˽
Ȼ˵Ʒ޼֮ôܶ˶Ŀһ۸ģ
۸Ҳǳǵߣ
ǾԲԸ⿴ĳ棡
Ʒʯ۸Ѿǳ˺ܶ˵Ԥڣ
Ʒʯûиߵˣ
Ӷ۸ҲǷǳ⣬ȻƷ󣬿ƷʱҲǻһƷʯѣ
ת־׬һƷʯ˵׬ˣ
ֻҪǼƷǶм۸ģ
ƷȻɽҲϡȱɻûеֺĵزֻ˵ϡٶѣ
ȻˣƷڴܻʳĴҲǺܶ࣡
һ۳֮УֵĴǲٵģ
ܻʳϼ壬һʮƷʯ
˿̣Ǹ֮ǰѯʷӵ׼۵Ǹ棬һεĴһ
ϼ壬ܻʳĴ֮һĽϼ൱ģ
ҲǽͷϷˣ
ƺϵһֱôΪƷƺҲԸ
׿⼤ҵľҲԼİ֮п֣
²ؼ߸߹ǳȵĺܣ
ɽˮҲû̫ĲֻͬǶѣ
ֻһ֮УĽϼɫ쳣ѿ
ôҲû뵽۸̶ȣϼ˻ҧŲţ
Ʒ棡
Ʒɲʱĸ϶ܹӵеġ
һεƷԭߺܶ࣬ƺһЩѾǷˡ
ϾƷʯκһ˵Ƕһʺŵֲǣ




1749ϼ峤
 

һʮƷʯ
ѾЩĽϼļˣ˿Ľ׵ɫȻЩҲסˣ
磬Ǽһǲǹİ
ĽƿԼĸĿ£ҲЩƵ˵
һԵĽ׵峤ĽϼһҲֻ峤ӵһƷϼǲ࣬ƷȥĻԺҪѹĽϼһﰡ
ǰ峤ƷɲκʱеģһηҶܹóһǿɲǸһﰡ
ĽеͳҲǴ˳ֻҲ֪ĽЩ׽ˣ
ĽҧҧܻʳĽϼ壬һʮƷʯ
һʮƷʯ
ѾǿҪĽϼļˣһֱʮʮĵӣǱĵӣ
ƷʯǿɾڵƷʯ
˵һʮƷʯѾĽϼܹóļˡ
һʳĴ壬ܹóôƷʯʵף
ϾĽϼ岢ǿ֮׬ʯģһϼҧŲš
Ľ֪ƴɱȥĻֻзҶ׬ȡʯˡ
ܻʳϼ壬ٶʮƷʯ
յһεĴ֮еһ˿˿İ˭Ҳ൱Ĳˬ
׵İ֮У
ӵĿɿڴļ۸Ҳһɴ۾
ʥϣЩǿ°Ǿ֮ҲóôƷʯ
Ҳ΢΢ҡͷٶʮƷʯʱͷƤ
һԵҲǵͷǰЩֲ̫һЩʲôʱǴܹﵽȲΰ
ЦŵǺǣֲûƷûϢӣ
԰ǿǡ
ƺһ֮ǰʦĳԼͬЦ
ЦŵʤѶĽϼӦǰˣ
죬ҹ
Ǹ֮Уһ˳ԭһ˿Цݵ˲Ц̣
ܿ죬׺ʶͬʱǸɨ˹ȥ
ϣ
׵ɴӿһԵ飬ôҲû뵽ɽ֮Уĵһ˾Ȼ죡
ʵϣ̫幬֮Ķֻ֮࣬һѣ
˵ʵû뵽ڴܻʳܹԼˣɽʵ̫̫ˣ
һյĻ˶Щˣ
֪
Ǵ˿׵̬ɣɽ磬֮⣬Ҳûһ֮ˣ
ϼİ֮У
Ŷȣжһյ豭һԿȥӵʵ
ǵ̫幬ĸ죬ֻ֮һˡ
ƺţ峤ҡ
ūţҪ²ܺ㣿챾ٸˣһƷʯϼûУʯ
յĻȻ˵ģĿȻҪһѾǵһĽϼ壡
Ľ׼һӱЦһգ֣
ĽףƷҵģЦһʯĽϼǲһ㣬ƷҪˣ
ߣһϡأĽ׵ӵı䣡
գƷûˣ߿֪ˡ
ȻѾ׼յһūԼĽ׻û̵ס
ɽļūʵһĴڣ
һЩǱƳΪ˼ūһЩȴĸԸΪū
ЩĸԸΪū֮ˣΪľܹʯԼ
ȻˣһЩƳΪūˣǴսߣ
ոɽʱ򣬲ң
ʱһС壬ҲǻñȽϵ󣬿ɺΪϼ壬ȻûбնɱȴΪϼļū
ٺ챻տУΪߵū
Ҷеһ㣡
ӵʼչһ˿΢ЦԶҪпĶ࣡
ȸһڲ뻹ǷǳŽġ
ܻʳĴ֮䣬ǶĦϣΪǸνһλãѾǵˮݵľˣ
ٶʮƷʯûиˣӶ۸൱ˡ
հŴˣ߳΢΢һЦ𣬿Ʒһˣ
Ҫϲ峤ˡ
Ҳ΢΢һЦֻҪʯ˭߶ν飡
ٶʮƷʯһΣ
ٶʮƷʯΣ
ţ
ڷ׼ٶʮƷʯεʱ׵İ֮дһ




1750±
 

ԭЦ˲
ۿǸڴ˵ЩѪ
ʥϣҪۣ
һ㶣û뵽׾ȻҲҪۣ
Ȼ˵ˮǵʶԼҵ峤ɽ磡
Ҫ֪Ʒɲʲô˶ܹӵеģ
һССҲǷӿףҪóٶƷʯǲܵ飡
ʱ򱻽ͣˣ˱֮⣬Ӧûɣ
ϼʹǶǰ˸Ӵŵ֣
õطأ
²ҪۣҪѯ峤һЩ顭
װŴˣյ֯һ𣬿֮ƺһ˿Ļ𻨣
ʥֺ뼱һʱأ
ӿףҪΪ״Բ˭ȸһ峤أ
Ľϼİڣ
Ľ׿׵ĳ֣Ҳǳһڸʲô
Ľ磬ǲΪǣȻҪϼΪɽˣ
ߣұ֮
Ľ׵ɫѾѿ˼㣬ʱľٶ
ѾǴĵߣзڴˣҲնɱ˵ģ
Ľϼ壡
ǿɲģΪδ峤Ľ׵Լߵһ׼
ĽĽһҲǵͷˣӵҵҲٸ
Ľƿ׶ǱߣЩ㵵˵˵ˣҪֺϼ壬ѡʱǡʱ
ĽҲǳɣ
˿̣ڵҲǷ׷׵Ĵ˰ᣬû뵽󣬾Ȼ۶ӳˣ
ԭҶΪõƷѾǰ϶ˡ
û뵽ͷȻ˳ֹ
ֹҲʵЩҪѪĸо
ʲôֻҪ峤һЩ飿ʲôʱʣ
տףЦһøһõɣҲڲ˶ˣ
ݸһЦ峤ֺأֻҪʣߵλūʲôǮ
ūɽ֪ǿģ
ֻҪǮʣΪʲôأ
һ£ŮūǷǳĶģмūмģ
һ㶣ָָһѾۺ죬ҲǾ㵵ʵĴңΪһﵽʲôǮ
ǵģ
ĵ˵ͷܲͻ£ȻҲǻú˵ġ
Цһ㿴ȱôʯ𣿹һȥ
峤һθҽӴ˽ˡ׳
ôѲҲ㻹ӲҪ߲ɣҿĵΣ
ΪƵĿ˿ףУһĵ۾㲻ϸʲô
ϼԺգʵӹɣ
һСС۾Ū鲻ãȻҲˬˡ
׿΢΢һЦһƷʯ۸Ӧò˰ɣ
һƷʯ
Ҳסˣһɳ֮˶ѣһȻҪһƷʯ
Ҫ֪ɳ֮ˣڼūгҲֻǧǧƷʯѰ
ȻˣǧƷʯۺƷʯǿǧѾǷǳӴһˡ
峤ֻҪͷһƷʯ峤ˣ峤Ҳǽˣ
׵ϻǴһ˿ЦݣֻһԵѾ΢΢ˣ
ף
û뵽Լǳˣ
ɽüˣЩǽһ
֮ǰֺ绽ȣɽǻɽ൱ΪһĴڣ
λþ̫幬ĸΪ˱˵ļū
Ҫǰ֪ĻǶԸˣ
ɽ磬ԭһ˷ܵ飡
Ҫȥɽ˵ţĻ˭ҲԸˡ
ɵȱǴðİȻҪҳΪѣһƷʯߣΪٻϽ򡭡
ΪеľҪõƷҲΨһ
ھõƷֻʣһ֮ңˣȻҪˡ
ʱѾǱΪҲˡ
ֻȴһҲȲˣȻŬĿԼּ֮飬Ѿˣ
ΪʲôҪѡʱڵ棿
Ȼǿ׼ʱģΪһһƷֱӾͻʧˣ
ʱȥѶȿҪһЩˣ
׿΢΢һЦ峤ǲˣֻҪһַʽ˵ˣ
С治ǰɣҲ֣һūѣһ￴ȥǹҲġ
ղ֮ıһ峤ӦҵĻǿһƷҲˣ
еʯҪһĲʶôĻ
һĴһĽϼˣ
Ļˣɫ粻
һھʮӣҪһĵһµĻԼʧԹģ
ԡ
״˻һǶĽϼҲһľ㵣
ǵа治֪һﵽʲô̡
ǿκһҪʵ̫ˣ




1751һƷ
 

峤ʱ˽֦ϼûκεĺôһĽϼ˴ᣬǵʱ򡭡
յԱߣһ΢˵
ʵǿ֮ˣ¸֮ڽʲô
յϣôˣⲻǴϼ𣿡
ߣȻܣǷַӵ飬һССƷȣء
ҴϵĻҲƵƵͷ
ʵϵ˭ɾҪ˭˵ģ
˵ģȻһСආ˵Ļջ治һˣ
ߣһūѣһƷʯҲǲļ۸ʯҷ˱ǡ
յҲ̵סȻʱ£ôȻҲҪ֦ˣ
óһƷʯյķ˹ȥ
ͬʱҲѾǴյ׵ߣ֮й֮
ˢһ
ίһĳ̶ȣҲڵĳ̶ȣ
Ľϼİڣ
˿Ľ׵ҲһãȻĿǰһУȻ˿ƷѾǵյУ
ƺҲһЩΪղһһͨң
ƺҲǶ˶ˣһСС۾вˣȻˣ
峤֮ǰһΪĽ˵ĿŶȲߣɡҲˣ
Ľ뿴ĽףҲסˣ
вϼ壬治һܹɵó飡
Ľϼϼ˵ˮݣǱϻǸӣ
Ҳһ˵в֮ģ
һһ²̨ѡʱǡô
ĽҲ¶һ˿Цݵһǿһ㣬һεǿĺܶθڰ
עãһūѣ벻ͨһﵽЩʲô
ĽҲε˵ȻҲ벻ͨΪʲôһ·ôĹ죡
Ľ׳һƷȻһλȻӦҲȥǿ˵ɡ
˵Ŀһεľ۽˷ӵϣ
˿յһεĿڵİᣬһĨ֮ɫѾԱˡ
ȻողסˣԽԽòô£
ڱһССвˣҪǴ뵽ĴĶУԺͻΪһЦ
ֻǵ֮ҪȫĽƷͻȥ
ҲѾǱУҪԼҪνĴȻѪɺӵģ
ȻҲΪһūΪʲôҪôסˣ
λһƷһȻֻһʯͷʯͷЩ̫һӦĳϡƷ֣
΢΢һЦһǵҲܹ˵һ
𣬼Ȼ˵Ļβҵȼһ
һҲЦ·ҲǷǳϤˡ
һԼҲĶǶôĽͣ
ʵϣЩȻ֣ЩһҲûа취ȥھǸƷ
Ҳֱ˽һʯͷõ룡
ʯͷͨ巺ƣ޹
ȴһ˿δ֪ƺЩأ׽
Ӧ᪻ʯɣƺֲ񰡣
᪻ʯӦòܵģ᪻ʯϳ˵ҩģ۸˵ĺܣ
ǰҪ᪻ʯĻҶӦҲǿԼĳġ
᪻ʯĻǾͲ֪ʲôˣְδӴ
µҲ˽ʯͷľ˵ƺЩ֣
ɵôַҲû˿˵óһȻ
ǿҶУҲû˵óһȻЩȻӲˡ
΢΢һЦʯͷ᪻ʯҷҶѾˡڵʲô˵ʵҷҶҲһʱ͸ʯͷֻҪһƷʯɡ
ⶫܹһЩɣһʵ
΢΢һЦ˵ĳλǿߴ֮ĶڵλǿǴĸؾģҲ޴ӵ֪
ôһ׵ĶһƷʯ¶Ƕ˰ɣ
Ǹʻ֮Ҳ΢΢ҡͷֲ׵ĶһƷʯЩˣ
ȻĶںһƷʯҲܲ׵ĻԩǮɣ
һʱ䣬Щ䳡ˣ
һƷʯ
֮׵İ֮ǿˣ
һ˲䣬еĿⶼڵİ֮У
ʯͷļֵûа취ȥ˭ҲܽԼʯˮӰɣ
û뵽ոΪһūвϼ峤ףȻһεĳˡ




1752¡Σķ
 

ҶУ
ԼҲЩƣⶫȻǸδ֪ĺö
ĲǺĥ͸
Ӳûн͵Ҷܲȥ
óĽǱҲ֪ʲô
ЩˣôĴۼȴʲôҲ֪
Լһʣȴƺղˡ
֮£ֻܹˡ
û˳ۣ
÷һȸоǳΣϾ𲽼۸һƷʯ۸Ҳǲˣ
һƷʯǿ൱һƷʯһƷˡ
ʯͷܶǿ֮̽Ҳ΢΢ҡͷ
ȥ裬˭Ըأ
ȻĶǲʯǰʯˮӣһﻹǷǳۡ
ڷΪⶫҪԼʱҲû뵽׾Ȼмˡ
ʥϽмһƷʯ
Ҳһʵû뵽ⶫȻĻ
˵ĽϼϼĴ壬һⶫпǺö
ôҲû뵽׾Ȼ
ΪһССܹʲôʯأ
һƷʯǶһ˵ҲһʲƵľ޿ˡ
һǸɵӰɣҲֻɵӻ˰
ǰҶлܹͷղҶ̽ˣʲôö
԰һ˿˿ûУǺöҲ̽鵽һ˿ɣ
ˣһ￴ȥͲ֮ǰΪһСūϼ峤Ҳˣû뵽ڻǮôһ⣡
µҲǳĿ˵ȻһǲԸ⻨ԩǮ
ɵʱ־ñɵӣ
˵ʵҲìܣһЩΪпǸö
ԼûԲǲǺöǶ˵Ǻöģ
ӿҲû˱ۣҲ΢΢һ̾ʥϣϲ˰һƷʯʯ͹ˣ
кָ̣
׿ŷֹӣȻҪʲô
ʵϣҲֻԼ֪ʲôˣҪ֪Ҳǲ̫ܣ
΢΢һЦʥϳ۹ʯĳֻҪ֪ʥǷ֪ⶫǺأ
һʣܶ˵ʶѾ̽˹
ʵҲҪ֪ⶫʲô
ǺöĻʱǶ᲻ϧһд۵ȥˣ
ҲǺһϲѼһЩϡŹֵĶⶫȥҲЩأ
׵˵⻰˭ŶоһΪܼ֮ˣ
΢΢ͷ˵˵Ļǽᵽ˽һپۣ
յ˵һ߳˰֮У֮ʳ׵ķһۣ
ûκεǱһۣ˿һ}Ļţ
ɢȥ
Ҷ֮ҲֻʣⲨ˺ĽϼⲨˣ
ӿЦŵʥϣ֪ɷ¥һ𰡣
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Ľ׵ӰѾǴӰ˳ŷӾȻһε׵¥ϣҲЩסˡ
Щ飬ҪҪһ˵
ȻҲ֪ڲǶֵĺûᣬڷЩһˡ
ɱϾһ֮ǰҪնɱԼãԹأ
£
׵ĿĽףȻ֪һǸĽƵĸ磬ҲĽϼ峤ˣ
֮ǰĽϼĳͻѲһҪ߶ֲɣ
ӿĽ΢΢һЦĽ峤ҷҶУϣλܹһЩʥҲҷӵѡ
û뵽һȻѣĽȻҪһˡ
Ľ׵͸һɱ䣬Ķף
׿˿΢΢һЦһеˣ
ʥϣҪʱߣ
Ҳסˣڰ߾ȫģû뵽׾Ȼѡʱˣ
շԵپۣ
Ҳνʼ磬ǵС֮ˡ
ĸĽϼ˶֣Ҳ
ο컹кܶ໰Ҫ˵ڴڷҶҲ̫ʣ
һԵĽ׵Ҳסˣ
ԭΪһ϶ǺԼˣڷҶ!
û뵽һﾹȻ뿪
ⲻҪһû
ʵϣ׵ֺֹĽϼһأ
ʵѾ׼ˣֻ˲֪ѣ
뿪ߣĽ׵ҲǸ˷ӣ
ӿȥıӰҲ΢΢һ̾ҲȻĸȥ
˭һ峤أ
Ȼˮѣ˼ȸǾȸһˡ
׿ȥΣķһСľͻᱻˣܼܲȰɣ




1753߳
 

崳࣬ɽ
ɽҲΪhѧԺķԺ߶
ոϵõǿʯ֮ҲǼ֣
˲֪ʲô֪ġ
ɫһ̺ʯ׽𾳽൱
ʵϣ׵⣬ûĴ߻Ҫ𾳽Ѿǲ̫ˣ
ˣǡ
֮еļ֪ˣףоԼǻؼһ㣡
Ҳÿϼɫˣļѣ
׵һ̣֮Ҳǳ׵İ
֪Ϊʲôһ͸оûʲôǽ˵ġ
΢΢һЦЩѾǶˣȻĻҲð鷳˵
ǸղǸĽ֮ˣһԵҲΪǵ˵
ʵϣǱĽ֮˸ϵĻǽһ鷳
ǣĽҵȻǹȥҸղſ˿Ľ峤ϲδ̫ɱ
΢΢ҡͷ˵ȻĽ֮ˣ
ĽȻԼҲӣһȴɱƵ֣
ǡǵ˭
ӵ˲֪ϼǼ˲δȥ
ЦһǾ֪ˣߣ崳ڶ̫ҡˡ
֣
Щ±ˣղųĽϼ֮⣬ΨһҲϼˣ
Ļǻ׼ܻʳĴż֮һϼ嶯֣
ⲻǳô
һʵϼѹҲһϰ
ಣ
һӰɽķ򼲳۶ȥȴһ·ƺͻ
׵
Ľ֮Ҳͣס˽ŲΪǷָһ·׷һ
峤Щΰ
ĽĿһ䣬ȥķ
ôˣϣ
Ľ׵ʵԸ֪õҵλϣĽȴܹԶԶĸܵõ
Ľϼ˲δ뿪׷ǰˣҸоֵǣ׵ǰƺǰߣЩŹְ
ǣƾǣĽ΢΢ҡͷҿ̫ܣ
磬׷ǲҪɱЩһﰡĽƿĽҲЩɻʵ
ɱǣȻǣhԺìܣȥһŲ˷ķҶУʱҲǵëhԺģ
Ľײûж׶ɱΪһ۸ԼãҲȥһ˵˵
ֻû뵽ԭ򵥵飬Щˣ
ĽϼӦΪ˸ղ鶪ˣҲ²⡭
˾ŲʮϼرԸǾԲܷŹ⼸˵ġĽҲǳ
峤ô죿ҲںȻĸš
ĽƺҲܵ˷ӵϢֻǺȷ
ȸһϢʵ̫ǿˣĽʵȷӸ߳һȴֻܹоӵĴڣ
ʲôȻҲˣҶôһСС˵Ĺϸ𣿴ϣȻϼȣǾɣ
ĽԼľȻԭҪȥʴǰ˵ģ
Ӱɽɽķ򼲳۶ȥ
ɽɽĳһ֮У
hԺڵǷΪɽΣķ
һ£ɽĺɽҲǺ˻
ǹһҲŹ
ȻˣhѧԺѧǾԵĻŹƺڻûзʲô˵ټ
׵ѾͣĳվǱߣδ˵ƺڵȴʲô
ӺһԵҲɫţ֮⣬ûܹݣ
ʦ磬ˣ
¶һ˿ǳЦƺ˲δϣ
ǣȻҪһ߰
׵ҲνЦЦ
дһ˿ȻþûжˣֶЩˣ⼸
֣ǵ˭ʿˮʵ
ٺһЦղǲѾˣǸʲôҵȻ۸ϣһԼҲŪǣ
ʲôϼˣֳϣǡЩʵǿᣬڵʵ¡
һϼˣӶɳˣ
ɽô꣬ɽ˽ģֻǺɽ磡
ʵǿܹǿȥأ
οײǳһѣʳĴȣǸͲһϰ
ҲһĭһӶ֪˵ʲôˣ
֮ĸоһֱһ߶Ƚŵ״̬֮У
˴鷳ˣ




1754ŵϼ
 

ɽɽ֮У
һĨҫԭЩɭ֮Уһ˿ɫ
ɪɪҶһɳɳ
ɽ
׺֮⣬ƺ˶ܵһ˿ǿѹ
ಣ
Ӱ׵˵ĸǰ
ǻΪԼѡһǵĺõط
տ׵վ߾ȻˣҲ΢΢һЦһƬֵ˳
ǣ峤Ȼ˰Ѳɲúۣ
׿գҲ¶һ˿Цݣ
ЦһߣһССĴȻҹȥղûж㣬ѾǶһˣ죬ūžȻľ͸ˣԼʱ䳤˰
峤ղѾӦˡ׼Ҫ˵ЩʲôѾǴĻߣֻΪ˲֦ѣ
峤²˳٣ǻҪ潣ؼ壬򱻱˶ϡ
յԱߣһλ߳
ʴϣ⼸ҲҪ̫ʱ䣡
յֳһ˿Цڿǰ˷·һ㣡
׿յҲЦҴϼ微ˮˮ峤ǽ㲻鷳ԺܳΪѣ
ѣҲҳѣ
Цһʵϸˣ
ܻʳвһĴڣ
Ҫ֪ϼǴĴ֮һ󡢵λԺգ
ϼĵϵ峤ĶӣܻʳҲ쳣ģ
Ȼǲм׳Ϊˣ
ˣ׿գԭЦѾʧ
ʴϡϣ˾ͽˣսپūţŰɡ
ƺ쵹жӣùˣһӾȻ֮ģ
ʿճһѾģµĻպ»Ǹ鷳
һԵҲǵͷ֮ˣı죡
Ȼ˵Ļһɱ˰ɣūʹĻͦ˳ֵģɱ˵Щϧˣ
ǱƺЩ
׺Ѿվ˵ĸǰսһ
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Ľ֮վ˾ߺԶĵطεǿһ
֮ȻҲ֪Ľ֮վǱߣ
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֮ȻûĵǣĽ֮˾Բʱ֣
ǾǶϼ忪սĽȻʵվһЩ
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ΪһսʱǱҼ
磬Ҫ˰ǡǵװﲻǸһﰡ
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ǣСƣ㲻һֱʹļһ𣿡
Ľ׿ԼãҲЩסˣ
û뵽ԼþȻʳ⣬ɲеһ
˭ʤ˭˵֣ͦ
Ľ΢΢ҡͷȻҺʹһǸҵ˱ԸӮ
СƣǺѲ֣ұʤɣǿˣ
Ľ׳Ҳôˣ
Ľ뿴Ҳǵʺǿɶĸ֣ҿʶ֣һ¾͹һǺһˣ
֮У
ϼһƵվǱߣƺǾйһ
ϡ
ʿһԵҲһ
ϣһҪ֣ǡ
ȻҲ֪ʵ˼ϾҵĴϣ׳أ
׿Цһ٣ҵĲˣ飬Ǹͷͽˣ
Ŀɿڴ
˵ⷬʱ򣬼˶Ŀɿڴ
һҲ̫˰ɣ
Ҫ֪۷ǿ߰һﾹȻԲѵ˵Ҫһڵ˶֣
Ϊ˶ó׵ʵɾڵĲΣ
֮ǿһ簡
Խս
˿ǾȻûпܵ飬οʿڵǿߣ
׾ȻһԵǸһʶս
СӣܿЦһǲȽ˵ɣ
أ
һɳ˲䳯Ŵ׵
ǹɾǿƺҪ˸ѹһ㣡
ǹ׵ߵʱֱʧ
һԵɫһϣеŹ֣вУ
δʣǳһССɾڣȻڱǰҶȻϣ
ˣ
˿еǱɽѾΪһ壡
һŰĽ׵ķŭնһƺҲЩ׸ˣ




1755µ
 

䣡
׵ΧԭվߵЩѾǺ˺Զ
ɽ֮սΧȻǺܹģ
׿ĽѾǳԼҲ¶һ˿Ц
ಣ
һԭվŵĵطѾǳһ͵ӣ
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ţȻҲ֪𼶱ǿ쳣ǿ
ӵ֮ɾǿߣȻҲһս֮
һսҪӵ˳׵Ļָģ
һսҪЩԭҪһЩ۶ӵ
նɽ
һ׵ѾǶһɽ
һ̣
֮Ѿǳһ޵Ľˮʱȣ
ʹնʽѾĺܣ
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һĶ׵ķƺЩţ
ղһѾǷ˾ųɵĹû뵽ȻСӸˣ
Ҳˣ
û뵽һ̣СѾǳԼķ򹥻
ߣССɾ˵ң
Ƿһ˿ЦԼ׸Ͳһεģ
Ǽһֻɾڶѣʲôأ
𣿡
׵Ԩһ㣬һëȻζ
Сġ
ԭΪⲨ϶ɲ˶˺
ɵǽǰƮȻʱȴܵһŨҵɱ
Ź֣
ʵ̫Ź֣
ԭСԽսʱоһ˿뷨
ĸоһ˿Ҳ˲øֵķ緶ѵ
ֻʵĻӹͿǰˣ
ݣ
ֺ룡
նʽ
׵ĿһȣҪһﵽжôǿ
û֮£ȴδ·磡
һ˹Ŀ࿴ˣ
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ǽ֮ѹڵĵطŰɨȥ
䣡
ڵķһɹɾ޴ĽѾϯȥΧѿ
֯һž޴иһ㣡

ɽײϵڿ죡
ݣ
ܿ죬һ屻˵˵ĶУ
ˣ
˶ĿɿڴĿǰһĻΪ˵˲ɾڵף۷
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֮У
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˿̸˸оǣ׸ڵĿռ֮оȻһĨľ
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ʩչ֮Ȼղնʽɱ˸ֲ
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ղŵˣ
ټնʽԭǿޱȣնɽǰ
ôؼһΪ𼶱һˣ

׾ԲܸһﷴĻᣬ߲亦
Ѳɲ
ѾǸϼ峹׵ַˣ⼸Ȼɱ֮ˣ
£Ҿ
ȻҪԼʲôǻأ
֮ĳ֣ʸܵһ˿壬ǿռ֮оȻѹƣҲ֪ˣ
û뵽һԭΪɱȴ׵
ԼҲûиһеô£
һСС۾ɾʵ֮ˣȻܹڵ϶Կ
⻹㣬ȻˣѾΣ
ʵ̫˷˼ˣ
ϣǡǼһﾹȻܹ
ҲһҲû˼ڿ׵ˣ
ӣҲŵÿʡ
Ҳǳ峤ʵŹֵĺܣȥϣǻصڴӳ飡
áõģϡ
տ׵ҲЩˣ
δ֪ǿµģ˿ƺ۸ƺȴô£
ѾĿƣֻܹϣʵˡ
ʵʵǳǿҲû̫ĵģ
أ
ԶһƬδ֪Ľɫռ֮У
Ѿ˺ۣ˽ǿԿóֻҪٹһᣬͻΪ׵Ľˣ
Ȼ˸оҲһĿֲǻǽĶųУ
Сӣ
ʱҲ˲νĴϵˣȻĽ֮˻Ǳ߿ţ
ҪһϵĻǻص峤Ҳŭģ
ٺ٣Ķң
ڴ׼Ӫ֮ʣѾվĸǰ
ȭ
޿ɵ




1756±ŵĽ
 

Ľϼڵأ
˿ѾͶܷһĽ׿ųеľ󣬼ˣ
ôҲû뵽Ǹ֮ǰԼһֱĴʥϣȴǿ̬˵У
𾪵ĲĽһˣ
һԵĽĽеҲг˾֮ɫ
ĽУ˿ЩҵʱֹǸ˵
ʱԼĽֱӵĲң
Ҫ֪ͬΪ𼶱ǿߣʵҪĽҪ߳һģ
ڿ˸ѾһϢӣ
Ľеĺ֮зһĹȻǱŵˡ
峤ǡһĵôô
Ľ˵ЩͰˣһǱ𾪵Ĳء
һԵĽû뵽Ϊ۷ǿ߾Ȼɾ֮˸ûл֮Ҳ̫һЩ
ֹϣǿʣȻһһЩСӸסˣ˭ܸҽͽͰ
ĽҲƿڴʵǲѧ
һԵĽƿ׵ӣҲʿˮԭԭô
Ľ׳ϣô죿
ô죿ɣ˵ʵϼ˱˸նɱĻĽϼһֻǡ
Ľ˵ЩֹΪԼ˵Ļƺ֮ǰֲмЩгˡ
ϣʶ㣬ͽ̡
ĽʱҲòŵԼΣʱע⻹ôð
Ȼ峤ɱϾ峤
ĽеҲǿףЩҴζ
Ľ̾һԭΪǲ֪ߵغ񣬿ȴ߸ҵĹǵĿǽʵĻ֮ϣԼնɱϼ壬ҵҲֻʾá
ʾã
Ľ׵ɴ۾Ľ룬û뵽ĽȻ˵Ļ
Ľ峤о仰Ҳ֪
ϣʱʲôİ˵ĽҲǼˡ
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˼ǣĽϼҲǲˣĽ׳ʵ
Ľ΢΢ҡͷһвҵĲ²ѣҪҪܹܲնɱʺˡ
ϣˣǱʥҪǿĽҲ̵
Ľ΢΢һ̾ƮҡԭܻʳˣͻȻأ¡
ϣѲĽϼҪȥʾһ⡭⴫ȥĻ¡
ĽŲµģνĴӶѣ
Ľһ峤ڻһͨǴشˣ
ǰʵԲʥ֮ˣλԳƵǿˣ
ĽҲǳλ𼶱ǿߣǾǿԽһʥˡ
λλ𣿡
Ľ׿ԶλʥϵĻҲ˶ѣ
ôλأ
һλվԱ߿ֵģӦҲѾͻƵڣӦǸոͻƣ
Ľ뿴˿ӣʵҲǿԸ֪ĳӵʵģ
Ǵϣأүүǿɻʳڵǿߡ
ĽʳҪʵĻֻȴ⵽Ľһͨ
Ľ̾һ峤ʱͿأ峤ɻʳڵǿǲϼѲɾûɻʳڵǿǸ߶֣˵ʲô
ǰ峤Ҿô˵ĺܶԣ˿ǲ𰡣ο峤˲ڴˡ
ĽҲʶʱΪˣǰľޱȣ
һѾǳˣ֪ӦôǰһУ
һԵĽҲʿˮҿûиͻھͱĽˣ
˿ƽ棬ɹֿһţȻһ֪˵Ϊʲôôţ
ĽҲ΢΢һ̾һεĿ˳룡
˿ѾǶˣ
սνǾ춯أ
һʱ䣬ɽ֮УѾǾը
֮Уɫã
ʱƺһɫ𽥵ռȨ
ϣǡСӾȻǿеѹʣ̫̬˰ʿ۷ǿ߰
Ľп֮زݵĴսҲ۾һգգ
Ѷ
ĽҲ̾һʵû뵽ôͣ
ɱķ
ֱڿнڽڰˣܿʾͱѹһСĿռ֮У
˿̵ҲһĽ꣬ΪôƺӲ˵ʶ
ԽԽ
ʵ¶һ˿֮ɫ뵽һֱ֮У
䣡
ʻڸ翹֮ʣǱѾǽս
֮һѪˮѿˣһѪܿ챻紵ɢ
·ûг˵ĸǰһ㡣
·ŵŵһƨ̱˵ϣ
һиļֱ֮𰡡




1757»ԭ䷽
 

״˿̰ȻվȺǰսһ㣡
ĳյĸǰ˹ȥһԵнѣûκεİ취
ʱʣĶţ
׿Цŵսپ
սپ
ĸ֣ȴ͸һݴݸѣ
ҪɱһڵǿߣһȻбսپ
ʲô
ǳĿ˵Ľడ
˼Ҿô˵ˣ˵Ȼ
΢΢һЦõģʦ磡
֮У
һ޵ĽӰѾȻĳĸǰ
һһնޣ
ΨһɱУҲǿѧ
ǵֲĽ˵ж΢΢Ĳ
ÿֲ
ĽҲʿˮԶǵļµĽ֮γɣ
һԵĽҲһĭ⡭һﵽôİȥôᰡ
׺飡
һˣѾǵ߸֮ǰǵ
һɾڵʵնɱڵ
һȻ֪ʲôεʵѾӵնɱ۷ʵˣ
ֲ˹
ռ·˳׵ķеĿ־Ѿ˵һУ
ˣ
һ֮л֮ݲ
ŽĺУķѣ
ĩգ
ָоĩһ㣡
޵Ľռ䣬һ룬ʳ׵ı˽ȥ

һֿ֮֮ȴǸΪҵĽبڿռ֮У಻
һ
ʳ׵ľˣ
գ֮䣡
ռƺƽһ㣬ŵһ˿һ˿˴֮вһּ¶
𣿡
ǳ׵ķˣĿɿڴӣһԵƺҲòȥ
ʿˮǡǿߣҡҿôɰ
û뵽ʥϺʵȻѾֲĳ̶Ȱλ𣬾ˣ
ӵг˾֮ɫ
˵ǰһֱΪսĻôһһѾг׵ĸıˡ
ͬıĻ˿ѾǷ
ѾòʲôԼˣ֮⣬ΨĤˣ
ɢ
ովս֮󣬴˿̵ɽѾһƬǽ壡
ҪһƬطĺۼ˭֪ڸոգ﷢ʲô飡
쿴׺ӣͬǳ˼֮ɫ
ϤĸоϤζ
ԭ䷽
˺ֳôңѪţ
ԭΪֳɽҪ͵һЩǰ죡
һӣԭѾݾ³ģ
һߣ
ҲѾϵߣֻǽһĻʵоһ
ԭˣȻȸһ弸飡
˭˼ȸһ峤أ
֪ЩҲǲѶΪ֮
ԭҪǳԵͷģϾһƺǲ̫Լأ
ҪԺһֱĻǷӰһΣܲһֱǰɣ
Խ࣬Խ죿
Ȼڸոգ׺Ĵ֮ˣȻնɱ˴ܻʳϼĴϺϣ
ۼĻǱ˸˵ŵģ
漣
ڷӿѾǴɽ漣
˶õ£˼ӲĽԼžž죡
Ȼȥ֪ЩѾ㹻Ա֮ҲҪˡ
ֻʵ벻ͨһﵽΪʲôôţ
յ³ȻҲ˵ˣ
ȻɱˣȻǲݵľ棡
Ѳ׻ָŷһȥϼ˾ܹǹȥˣ
뷨ûУԣܹɱϼһˣǲĴģ
ս
ӷ֮л˳Ҳ¶һ˿Цݣ
óʱûôˣɱ˸Ҳ˲٣
ĽҵļλֵͣˣôӦҲ˰ɣ
׵Ŀ⳯ĽϼǱ߿˹ȥ
ķ
˿̵ȻᣬɶĽϼ֮ȴһľս
̫ıˣ֮ûУ
ĽϼˣʵҲϼǿҪֵĻҲĽ
˿̣׺Ȼ֮佫Ŀ˵ϣĽҲǻһ
Ǹղſǵ׺ӣô˵ѾǶˡ
ֻƣѾݲǶˣ
ʥ˵Цˡ
ԶĽ׵ѾǴ˳ӰҲѾǳ׵ķ˹ȥ
ֻ̬ȣ֮֮ǰǽһͰװ




1758³֮
 

֮У
Ľϼ˶Ǵһ˿εЦ˳
Цݲñ˵žͷǳΣ
֮ǰĵҪ˼ңת˲֮˾ǵʵ
ⲻòĽ֮¿ʼʵˣ
һССȻֲ˹
ҲƷǳ˼ֱѰ·ĸо
׿߳ļˣ˵ޱԸΪУ崳Ǵ׵ĹĽ֮ȴ˽ԸҴ׳ǷԽˣ
ҡҡ
Ľ˰ҲûҳһȻ˿ҲЩˡ
Σ
Ҳǲ֮壬Ҳǳ
ҲмɵҲк£
켫һʱʣѾնɱ
Ľ׿ԼõӣĽ֮
ǺǣҲɱ޹ĽվûҴ׶ֻ֣ǽǿЩ
ʵҲǴһ˿ζ棡
ʵϣɱĽ֮Σ
ʥϵģϼĽϼԭƲҵֻ·Ȼ͸֣
Ľ׿Ҳǳòͷˣ
ҪĽ֮ҲȫûĻʱԼ˼˿Ҳǰ
Ҫôأ״һ˿ζĽ׳
ʥк⣬ҵȻ֮
ĽʵҲ֪һǽϢ뵽ϼĶУʱ׺ϼȻһս
ɵһǳ⣡
һеǰ˼ҵ÷߰ҪһֱΧɱǵĻʱ¾ͳΪһ׮ˣ
СС崳ǣϼĽϼ¶²ССȻ˵
²òͷ
¶һ˿Цݵҵһ⣬ֻǲ֪λܲܽܣ
ʥͽ̡
Ľ׵ף֪׵ԲǺܵġ
¶һ˿Цݣóһſհ׵ƤĽ峤ʴϻۣӦ֪Ҫʲô˰ɣ
⡭
Ľ׵гһĨ֮ɫһҲ̫һ㣡
ĽڸѪΪ˵Ļǵʱһǳκε¶˳ĽҶܲˣ
ⲻӲİǸ
һԵĽ뿴׳ʥϣҵٶƷʯ֪ɷʯ棿
ǣ֪ɷʯ棿⡭⡭Ľ׻Ϥ˲ʽ˿¡
Ľ׺Ľ˿ĺԶ֪һʱƺҲϴˣ
ǴʵǿᵽһĵزҲ޿ɺǵġ
Ȼնɱϼλ֣վҲնɱ𼶱ǿ߶ѣ
ǶʥĿǰ˽һǰͱƸ¶ǲڻµ֣
ҪĻԺĽǸһ
һԼӡĽҵӡ£ľܲ˰
΢΢һ̾ޣֻĽҺѣȻĽû뷨Ǿ˰ɣ顭
ʦ磬ǻһһ
Ȼ֪ƣһĽϼΪͬ˵Ļһ˲ǣ
ҲֻܹĽϼĺһģ
ΪһģζžĽϼĸ
˵һУɱĵĴɱˣ
ţ
Ľ׵Ķͷź飬ĲӦǸӦٻһ˿ϣǣ
˿̵Ľﻹܵô࣬ҪԼûˣ̸ʲôأ
Ҫ֪ߵ⼸ˣ˵Ľǿʵ֮һδϣ
ĽҲɫԾִ٣Կóǽˣ
һԵļ˸ǲ˵ˣ˭Ҳ˵Ĵݲȣ
ȥĽ峤ƺͨˣ
ͱ˵ӣĽ׸оһ
Ҳûκεİ취Ⱥ˵ΨлŲϣ
ǰλʥϣʵЩ׽͸
Ľ׵Ӵһ˿׳ʥʵǿᣬĽ׺Ȼǿǿϡ
˵ĻǱĽ峤ɣ
׽ԼеƤӸĽףĵȴĽƤдԼ
Ľ죬ֻóʣʼдͬ˵顣
ɱССС飬ɶдĽҵӡ£
ʱĽ֮Ҫ¶ǲܵ顣
֮ˣ
ĽΪһҳĽȴòô
Ľд֮󣬸Ľҵӡµʱ¶һ˿Цݣ
ɽ磬ǿΪ
֪ĽҲԸ⣬ȴﵽԼĿģ
ĽңӴԺҪѴ¾Ͳһ׵ˡ




1759¡Ѫף
 

֮ˣ
Ľ׸оһɳУȴûκεİ취
һĽ֮˸ˣȴҪǿջЦ
׵¶һ˿΢ЦĽʥϣ⡭˰ɣ
Ľ峤ˬ죡ԺҴ׺ĽȻǹͬˡ
׿Ľ׵ӣ¶һ˿Цݣ
һӣȷĽ֮Щֲ
֣
һο֣ʵЩ̫һЩ
֪Ļѧŷһ֮ˣ
ȻˣӲߵģǾѾҪˣ
Ľ֮˵ĺģǸ˲صĴۣ
ԼĽ
ûǿеĻǻʲô
һǿУʱֻҪһóԼĻʱľͲǴһˣ
˼
Ľ׵˸׵Ķ壬һûһ˿ˮ
Ȼˣ֮ǰնɱϼҲģ
֮
Ǻ޵ģĽ׻Ǳһ侲ģ
֪ʱԲܹףǵǲܹףһһ
趼Ѿˣ˺Ļ˷۱
ĽҵİҴȻһ¥Ժп޶ȻǰĽң
׿ĽҲЦĽ֮˱Ҳ֮һЦ⣡
Ľʱӭʥϼ٣ڣǿ˰ɣ
Ľ׿ף֪û׵߿Ҳ߲ˣ
ԵǸļһֱǸɱһĴڣ
Ľƴȫ³ҲǸϼһ
ǲҶģҲĲ𰡣
һ뵽ص֮ԼүүŭĽ׵оЩп಻
ɲôܱϼλϵǿɣ
ߣȻǿߵģĽҼȻҴˣô
׿ĽףĽ״˿̺޲ȥҧڣ
һﲻԼǩȿɳܵĳ֮ˣھȻ̰ĲĸҪ
޳ܰ
޳֮ˣɻûм޳֮ˣ
ϴŵĿĽ֮һĲƲһӸȥĻĽҲԪˣ
ǼȻ׿ˣв֮أ
Ľ״˿ǱĻˣڣ
û飬ܲô
ʥϣҵȸղѾ˵ˣԭŵٶƷʯȻҲǿһʥϣҽ֮ɣ
˵꣬Ľ׺ݺݵĽԼеһöָ˦׵ĸǰ
׵ԱߣһǴָѾʧӰ٣
׹һЦĽ峤ˬ֮ˣ޵ЩĽ峤ˣ
ǿޣ
Ľ׵ȫһֳķ̣
ĶˣȻίȫĻţ
ʥϣǿ˰ɣĽƵ˵
Ľ峤ֺαؼһʱأЦŵȻĽҶҴȴҲǻռ֮ˣ
Ŷ
ĽЩˣһѲɻҪ񲻳ɣ
ɿȥһﲢ˰˵ˣѪӣʲôö͸Լأ
潣׸ոմյĴָ֮ó潣ĽѾǶȻܾ潣ϼڷҶá
Ľ峤ˣ΢΢һЦ
ĽһѪûԼˣ
ⶪ˿ɶѼȥˣ
Ǵʥϵ˼ǡĽһһԼ̬ʵ
飡׳
һ׺֣ĽѾǽŵ˷
װڰֵλؽţ飬ȻĽҴδѣҲ̫õöǣҲǱһǵĳɣ
ѣʵģ
ʵϣһӸ棬ҲһֶΣ
ǴԲĽĸԼĿǰҲҪڴһΪ֧ţ
ʥϣĽһЩҵףֻҪ뿪ʲôҲҪ
Ľ뷨ǸϽ뿪طԼֶѰ
û뵽ȥĽңôܲأ
װڰֵҲⲻ޵ķ񣡡
Ǵʥϡ
ĽˣĲҪˣ
ʱһóһʲôƷɶģʱٹԼһ£
ĽҲˣ黹пܵģ
Ѿܵô裬оԼںôһˣ
׿һԵ˵飬Сܱܲôĥ䰡
Цŵʦ磬żɶ
һ£
ǰʮɫʰ쵵ķɽѾ֮ԣ




1760¾ϲĽ
 

֮У
Ľϼ˼סˣ
Ʒ߱ƷѾǳ˵ǰ

˿̣Ľ֮˵УһٲȻѾĴˣ
һóôܻʳ֮УҲֻдܻʵ˰
һԵƺѾЩֲˣ
֮ǰڴ׻ʹʱѾǼʶȳˡ
񿴵Ľ֮ҲǸһԵʱǵ˲ƽˡ
˿̵мͬʱоһң
ĵСӹĲ̹

һָоǰڴʹʱ˭Ĳǵսľģ
ֻڣѾǽˣ
ĽʿˮԭѾǶһﳹ׵ˡ
ȴʲôԼɺһ³ôѪҺٶҲڲϵļӿ죡
ʥϣǺ⣿
ĽţǲĽ֮ѡһأ
˿̣ѾǽĶеƷˣ
ĿѡһƷĻ˵һǶˡ
Ȼǩ˳֮ˣǵ˼Ѿȫ⼸ˡ
ûʲô˼޸ղ˵ˣ޲һ̰˵ˣȻǵʯȻҲøһЩôǣҴ׺Ժôܶģ
΢΢һЦ
һԵĽ׵˼һ𾪵Ŀ׵ʥϣĪҪЩĽң
ҪȻóʲô
׷ʵȷʵҲʵĺܣ
ҵ찡
ĽһԿҲĿɿڴ˵ʵղ׵ĳѾǴﵽ˶㣡
ȻҲ֪Լ£ֹĺ޲
ɵ˵Ҫô͸ĽҵʱǹӵĺһʧӰ٣
֮ǰʧ̫̫ˣ
һתĽҸоԼǼ˶ٵĺôһ㣡
ĽЩŵĿףд˿ѾǶһ˿صʥϣ棿
ϷԣѲĽ峤ǸԶ֮ˣʵ
ҡֻû뵽û뵽
ĽҲǼĲ֪Ӧ˵ʲôˣղеĵһƺȫΪУ
ԼôȥĻʱԼүү²ԼάԼأ
Ǹ׺Σ
ɽĸУ¶ϵ֣
ҪǻԼеĻ´ѴѵļԸǺ
ȻҲֺ֪ḶصĴۣ
΢΢ͷˣԺϣĽܹ빲벻ֻҪĽҲҴף޾Ľң
ʥϵģĽҲȻף
ĽһЩĵ뷨ˣȻҲ֪һεȷЩ
ڱѾΪʵ
ϼȣضˣ
Ʒ߱ƷļֵĽҲӦÿˣ
κѣҲĸ߼ˣ
ЦŵȻ˵Ļޱ㲻ˣڣ
ڣ
Ľ׹֣һ˵뿪ߣ
ֻ֮ʣ֮лһĲ˼飡
˵ʵһֱóЩ֮ǰǶǾܾ裡
ķתȴһһӴӵõĸо
Ľ֮뿪ıӰҲЩƣ
˵ز˾ǻ崳˵ɣ
׵˵ӰҲʧһƬ֮У
뿪ԼһĹ֮λ𼶱ĸѾռһƬط
Щ˼ǴūhԺķΣ
Ϊ֮˿ǰһƬǽ壬Ҳüͷ΢֣Ӧ𼶵ǿڴ˱Ի߲ɱ
ԺȷʵˣƬռ֮еǷǳľҰ
һߣǸҲǵͳ˵
˶ǫhԺԺֻһһѣ
Ǹ֮ΪԺˣǫhԺɽԺԺֽ
һλӣǫhԺļԺ֮һ
ҵжϣ˵ʵڰֻǵ˭أ
һԵʵ
΢΢ҡͷͲ֪ˣֵ֮ﰡٹա
ǺǣһССѣֵôСְɣҵǵĴܻʳʳ֮Ҫ˰
˱hԺǴܻʳһԺ
Ǽϱѹ֪ˣ
ŵĿǽӣҲ̾һЩ𼶱ǿߣɶǴܻʳмʱֻԼɱɱǲ֪νʹİ
ͷٹǴĵ۾ҪҫhԺ˵ǼһƺҲᣬ˵ҲһλǱ޵СӰ
Ժ˲ֶ˰֮˰ɣǼһɶͷˣɱѧԺѧ
ӣЩƵ˵
΢΢һܻ̾ʳҵģһȻΪ˴ܻңΪʥ˼ҷǰ
һ·ųūhԺķ򼲳۶ȥ
ֻǲ֪ǣڸոմܻʳϼĴϺλ𼶱ǿߣѾǱ˸նɱɽ֮ˡ




1761±
 

崳ǣ
˿̵崳Ǽȫ֪˴ڵʵ
崳ǵָʹն֮ˣ
ѾǰָʹĸУ׵˻ص崳֮İ˳
ĳѾǿտյ֮ǰµĶѾǱһһǼǣ
׶崳ǵĳ֮ڣ
Χһ˵ȵϲӵ˸Ǽѣ
Щ֮Ѿǰ׵ˡ
ֻʵǲףΪʲôʥϻϼһūôĸȤ
°ɡ
׽˳µĲƲˣ
Ͼ֪ԽԽã϶νˣϾԼˡ
ߣ׻ЩԥҪҪ֪أ
ּ
£ָܹʹλãѾǳˡ
ԼָʹλãǵʥϸģҲɵӣ֪˲ʥϲˡ
ү
תͷӣдһ˿ԥ֮ɫ
ڣ
ҲǷǳ磬Ѿ뵽˴֮УΪһλӣ
ֻһ仰޿𣿡
׿Ŀ罣һɼǿƣ
ʥϣǡ
û뵽׾ȻôԼҲһ
һԵЩԾʥϵʲô˼أ
үʥϸողģôھβεĸ߶أ
Ҫ˵飬¹޵ĻܣҲ¹δ֮ˣүԼҲҪȫ޵ĻܣȻ£үԼϣԻرһ¡
ײǲӣֻ¹ش
ǣĶʵЩ࣬Ժһ֪̫幬˻ڣ
ʱͲôˣ
ӵɴ۾ףȻµԸЧұ£Υģ𣡡
ɽ緢ģ绹̫һ
ΪɽΪѭľֻأģֻҪĵģʮа˾Ŷģ
׿ǼᶨҲ֪֮ǰնɱϼǼλֵ˼ĳ
΢΢һЦ˵Ļү޿εˣ
лʥϣ
ҲһļֻҲǷǳĺ棬Ҫ˵һЩʲôأ
֮ڣ
׿Цŵϣɽˣ
֪ЩƵĿס
һԵӶЩƵʥϣ⡭һֱΪΰ
ɻ֮ǰǾˣһ㶼ĳƺ
״ĿǴɹ
ɹŵĳνȻǲһˣǶ֪Ϊʲô׻ʶϼһūأ
Ҫ˵Ļܣʵϣ޲ϼ壡
׿Ҳ
ʲʲôǡʥòһأЩƵʵ
ϼ֮ˣǰ϶鰡
û˻ɹʵݣ
ʼܶʱһûа취ǽͣҲԳƵϼˣ
ǡʥϵ״Ӻζ
ڷЩڴˣϾһϼٳϢܹϢȥأ
΢΢һЦҵȼǴ½Щأɽһʧȥһֱȵָѣ
½ߣֲðҲǾ̾˵
ͬ磬λ֪ΪҪϼҪ˰ɣ¶һ˿Цݵ
һԵҲЦŵ˵ϰû뵽ǵһ㰡
ˣҡҾ֪оˡ
캱ЩʣɽǸʲôӰ
׿ϣǷ˴ܻʳ
һѾԭҷһʳı֮أΪһСĳϣҲǻѰ˼ʵǿһЩʱ˵ϢҾȥͶˡ
΢΢һ̾˵ȥоƺЩ
ʳЩɻʵϣôᵽϼأ
ܻʳʹʳЩĦϣЩ֮ȻǵùˣڵǸգ֮ͱϼˣΪ½֮ˣԳϼļū
ϣȥͲˣϼĳ裬һỹģ
ˣʥϣҵз˵Ϣ
һ仰ԭЩףһ۾




1762ˮϢ
 

׼ˣ
һֱѰԼŮ˺ͽܣо̫幬һڷɽ֮ˣ
Ҳ˵ģɽûж೤ʱ䣬Ȼ֮оҵ죡
ԭΪԼŮ˻ҪԵɺϵʱû뵽֮ϲˣ
üɫӣҲһʧ䡣
ԭΪԼŮԳΪ׵Ļʺ֪ԭʥ½֮ˣ
ԼŮʺ֮λ϶ûˡ
Ȼˣĸо̫أԺʵָҪʲôĳ̶أ
һĻʺ˵ĲɶҪʥ߻ʳأ
һΪ˻ʳǻʳĻʺλ֮ߣַһ˿ˣ
״Լλվ켤ʵϣ˵ĸ
ĸ
һҲǿЦһ
ڿλʥϵҲһλﰡ
Цŵˮˣ
񣿡
һ뵽ˮҲЦ
ˮɽӦҲмʱˣǲ֪ôˣ
ǵģʵҲ̫ȷǲǷˣ
ҲЩԥ˵˵ʵֵʱҲΪļ
ֻûüȥ֤ʱ򣬾ѾΪϼļū
Ϊ˼ū֮Ҫȥ֤ʱѾûлˡ
ԭҲ侲ϢܱûϢĴײĺã
֪ʥû˵Ժ
쿴ʵϾɽʵ̫ˣʽļ塢ѧԺʵ̫࣡
˭ܹʲô鶼֪أ
һѧԺĸֵʱҲ΢΢һЦԺǴʳһѧԺλӦҴܻʳīhԺɣ
׸֪Ժ׿Цʵ
ͷ۳֮У˵۳еļԺ֮⣬ڶʳ֮УΪļԺ棬hԺԺӦǱȽϳ͵ˣ
Ժʲôط׳ʵ
ʥϣȻڴʳĳˣȻˣhԺһҲŷԺģ
Ȼ۳ĺܶ鶼˽ġ
ʵǿȴϲоЩֵĶ
ͷ֮ǰҷ˴ʳʱҲҪԺֻϧûȥ͡
ô֪ԺģЩɻʵ
ʵҲϼ˵ģܻʳʹʳ֮һֱϣԺȻǱܹעġϾԺǻʳмҲǴʳδ
֮ġ
׵ͷô֪
Ӧͦõģ˵ڴ֮λеһλ˵
һЩ֪Ӧô˵ˣƺЩԿڣ
׿ֹӣ˵ɣ
ˣϼ˵Ժһ֣˵ʳ̫ӵ¶ҲΪ⡭
ҧҧ˵ˮ飬ֻǵո˵꣬׵ɫѾǱЩѿˣ
ԼŮˣ˿ˣ
ȻΪĲˬ޲ֱȥԺˮźء
ʦ磬ҪȻھȥҲóЩƣ
װڰֵӦˣǼȥк壿񲻴ӦұȥһҲν飡
ʮһȵѧԺλҪˣĻ
λǸʲô
üͷ죬ɽĺܶ鶼Ǻܶ
ֻϼ˵ˣ˵ʳĻҷǳλ˵ǣ˺ܶĶ
쿴׵ֻǾĲǺ
΢΢һЦʥϣλҵ֪һЩʵϾǼʵǿĻʳһ̵ͷѣ
λôţ׳ʵ
˵ֻҪǸԺˣǶԲμӵģ˭յõһλõĻʳеĶעõһĻʳУӦþġ
ʵҲ˽ⲻֻֻ̫࣬ƬѾ֪е˼
ʲôʱ򣿡
֪Ȼ֪ˮϢȥˣ
ЦŵûмǴĻӦº󣬾ĻҪʫhԺ֮˲ܹ֪
һԵ鿴׵ʦ磬ڸhԺֵˮݵģҿ¡
޷ûԶĵˣֻԶ棡
׵Ĩһ˿ζЩڴˮԼμѧԺλʱֳԾıˣ
֮׸Ѿֻǰɽ
˶ಢδǺ£󾫶࣡




1763«hԺ˼
 

ɽhԺԺ
ɽУһռؾ޴ԺУ
hԺԺΧһһ㣬ģ崳ǵķв̫Ĳ
ĲԵþЩˣ
ܶ඼Ե̯ư棬һƬhԺıؾ֮·ϣ⵹Ҳʮֵ¡
׺˳ūhԺķԺ˹ȥ
ʮ֮Լ
ֻǫhԺƺδ鵱ʲô£ܶԺĵӶ֪һ飡
ʦ磬ڽȥ
׿Ÿʵͷ֮ϺȻдūhԺĸ֣ҲЦʵ
΢΢һЦҲûǽȥȻҪԼȥˣ
hԺһЩɹʲôĲһ
ĹģʽԱȽϵĿɣֻҪƾѧԺĳƱɳ룡
Ȼˣ˴ŵĻǵҲǿԵģ
ֻ׺ȴûĺƣȴҲҪӲȥ
׳һԵȺ˹ȥһҴҵĳԺܹȥŮ
סŮЦŵλѣɷ
Ů׺飬ҲЩɻʵλ£
ģҶ˵ģûԺĳƣ֪ѿɷҶˡ
ֻѯһ£ĲýĻҲֻܹӲˡ
ŮЦŵǺǣ޷Ǹ
һŮҡڵľͽȥˡ
hԺĹҲǷǳɢֻҪ˴˽ȥ϶ǿԵģ
Ժ֮ŮЦŵλ֪Ҫ˭˵һԴǹȥأ
һ㶣û뵽hԺ˻ô飡
ԼǹҵİŮЩаӣҲεЦŵѿ˰ǡ
˼ϣ
һӼ˵Ķ
Ǹ˼ϵŮԻһתһŮѾǳԼķΧ˹ҲǱܵˣ
ߣ˼ϣ㻹ǲҪҶѾ㲻Ҫڽӽʦˣ㾹Ȼô֪ܣ㲻֪ʦ÷𣿡
˵ŮӿȥӦҲ󣬲ȻūhԺ·ȴЩޣ
һԵĻ˼ϣȥΪ崿ˮܽһ㣡
һ֮ǰҲΪ˼ϳܷθڣԲǰѯʵġ
ηɣûУǸӵġ
˼ϿȥЩţӦǶŮ˲Сѹ
׺ҲΪƣԭΪhԺͦгأƨ㹦ˣ
ǸηɵŮߣ˼ϣʲô㸸ײǴŶӦýʲôƨһѣҲʸʦ֣Ҹ㣬ҹ¿ͷҾ㣡
ҡҸĶƷ
˼ϿŻηɣɫǺ
ȻګhԺѧ֮˵ĺɻ˼ȴԼΪ
һĶƷɹ٣Ҳ˼ó˵ǻƼҿ¾ǸŹŹûҪְɣ
ηɵĻû˼ɫɷףһԵҲŭˣ
ĴѲhԺĳͲɣ
ʲô鶼ܹǴҲǱеЦ
ηɣҲνۣ˵һ£ҸʦûκεĹϸһ£Ҫˣ
˼ϿŻηɣƺҲԸŮľ
ʵ׿ó˼ѾĲˣֻһжͣ
ֻѧ֮һĳεĻʱ򲨼ıѧļͼˣ
˼ôã϶Ϊ֪ӮˣùĿ»ǵļ壡
ԣòԼΪļ壡
ߣ԰¿ͷС뿪֪ġ
ηŻ˼ϣ
˼ϾǿĿŻηɵɱңҲܸµģ
ɱ㣿ΪԼԺѧҾͲôǰɣҸ㣬үүԺĸԺȻɱ㣬hԺǿԵģ
ηһ
˼ϻһŻηɳ㣬ߣ
ѾǵһαηôΪˣ֮ǰŮ˻ûĹ֣
ΪԼļ壬˼ϲѸηɶǸˣ
ǻ˼ϲЩɻ˼ϲϲң
һӵԩȥ崳ǴϢţ
û뵽һǱηɸ˸š
΢΢һ̾ҲΪ⼸÷񵰵ģ
Ż˼Цŵҵˣһιһһҵģ֪ɷ·
Ͻͣ
˼һ׵Ļһı




1764Ժڳͻ
 

ԭҪֱȥhԺԺġ
û뵽·ȴʳˣԭЩС˵ǲܵġ
Ѿ˲òܵĳ̶ˣΪʲô
ΪȻǣǴ
Ϊĵ۾ȻȻԹˡ
Ȼ˵˼ǫhԺˣǴһӣ
Ҫʦ֣
˼ϿףĿЩͣ
ո׼Ȼ뿪û뵽ʱ·˸ˣ
˼ϺȻ֣ƺģ
ԭҪ˭ʱ֧֧Ĳ˵
ڳ״ǾȻ˵Ҫȥʦ֣
ⲻǳô
ôɺϵأ
йһ֮ԵӦڵذɡ
׵˵˵ʵ˵Ҳûд
վʮ֮Լ
ҵ˻Ժȴ׵ĵ
ǲ֪׵ʲôʱȻӲȥӭӰɣ
ǸʲôģȻҪҸ磿
ηɿ׾Ȼû˼ϴȥѰң⼵֮һˡ
һʯĹϵ
׶Ůˣǰģ
ηһ׾Ȼ̬ȣŭһôĵӣҫhԺȻҸô˵
Ҫҧ˵ĹһʶǴҲмһʶݣ
ЦһŮҪ˵ĿȻǲ⶯ֵġ
ûдhԺɫ
ȻˣҲ֪hԺԲܸԼɫġ
ȻˣǾֻܹʵ˵ˣ
ԭҲǸģһѰ
ηɼЦ˼Цдһɴ̶
˼ϲηɣЩɻĿ׵ʶʦ֣ʦǱߵ𣿡
ޣǼҸǱߵȺҲԼʲôԣߣ˼ϣھ͹¸ҵǸ򲻵Ź㣬Ǹʲô׵ļ壬ҲҪһᣡ
ηȻ֪˼ϵߣhԺֻҪմߵŮ˶ɧŹ
ǼʵǿᡢǿŮ֮⣡
ЩŮӦҲҲŶԣ
ΪֻҲһԣ˶У
ףǺǣҲ㲻ϰЦһ
һһٺõף˿Ҳǻðɣ
ҪΪǸŮ˵Ļ˵Ѿˡ
ҸԼ𰡣үүǫhԺĸԺʲôηЦһ
أ
һȭӰѾǳŻηɵϺХûзӦĹʱ
ѾǱȭӰɳȥʮԶ
¡
ڻηһʯ׵ײϣ
˼ԭŭӴ˿ѾǱóԾѣ
Ƿ˰ǫhԺǾȻﶯ֣
˼Ͽ׾ȻګhԺ֣ҲŵøϽǰ
ҴףûɱѾǸhԺˣ
װȻ룬дһ˿ɱ⣡
ҡǴ׵ġ
˼סˣû뵽ȥԼһߴСˣȻǴ׵ĵ۾
΢΢һЦĸҴְ֪ǡ
׵ٹ٣ʶĲ࣬ȻһЩֵģ
Ů˼ϲμʥϡ
˼ȻګhԺϾڴûκεĹְԳŮҲӦõģ
˭ҫhԺˣ
׼˵֮ʣӰѾǰΧڵĵط
Цһ˴֮
ĵ۾Ϊ֮һ㶣漴ЦŴޱȣҵնɱҫhԺѧû뵽Ȼ죬ҫhԺ֣ҫhԺţǾ͵ҫhԺĹأţ
ӳ
Χ˺ȻӦ
ЩǫhԺִӵˣƽҪάhԺİȫȶ
ګhԺǿǿԵĹ涨˲Ժڶ֣
ֻǽ죬ر׸ˣ
ץ䣡
Ǹӳƺף˵Ҳһֺӣ
˼һЩĲ֪˵ʲôˣ
ǫhԺҲ֪hԺ
ôҲû뵽׵ʥϻΪȻ˻ηɣ
ηʲôݣʵ̫ˣ
׿ǼΧˣЦһhԺ̫Ǹǰ̤һޱȻöѪ岽
Ż˭أץ
ǸhԺִӶӳ׵ŭЦһ
ˣ
׵ΧһɹѾʼҵĶ
ƵĲԭЩǰŵִ֮ˣѾŵˣ
Щִ֮ˣɶǽɼʵ
ס֣
һ𣬴˿ڻͷȥʱȴ˫ѾǷɱһߣ




1765ǿƵǳ
 

hԺԺ
ԭhԺĸ߲㶼ڵȴ׵ĵ
ǵ˰ȴûи
ԺԺҺ˫ʶ׵˳ȥһǲûеˣ
ֻǵ˫ҸոߣͿګhԺˣ
ҡ˫ôˣ
ǸӳˣɫҲǻһЩ
Ͼ˵ݱȽϵ⣬Ҷǰʮ̬ȻȻҪúܶ࣡
Ǯӳ⵽ô£
˫ִӶӳǮԪʵ
һԳʲô׵ĵ۾ȻҫhԺˣǴ˻ƸԺŮȻҪץˣ
ǮԪ˫Ҳǳʵ֮ǰնɱhԺѧԺҲֵ÷з
ܶ˵Ҫȥ˴
ֻҺ˫Ҳǰ˶֮һӾ˺ܶ࣡
ЩνīhԺǿߣǲѴУ
ǿһСС׸ģ
ʥϣʮ֮ԼҫhԺҫhԺĹأǹҲˣ
ҿףҲЩζӳµĸо
ԭһССȴһӰ
Ҹ硭
ηɱ˷ţ˿֮Ҳһ˿Ѫ
ղһ£Ծ˿ͷ
ҪֵĻŮ˾Ҳˡ
ηɣȴһߡ
ԭͲϲŮˣֻҵĹϵ
ϲ˻˼֮󣬻ηѾǶĳӣ
ټϻ˼ƺΪηɵĹϵԼһֱǱž룬ӵˡ
˵ʵŻηɱ״˵ӣġ
ֽȴܹڱϰɣ
Ҹ磬Ҫұ𰡣Ǹ˼ϺһǾǻ˼۸ҵģء
ηɵڻ಻鵽ô£
Ҳ΢΢ҡͷͻ˼ܹöλĴʥϣ
Ҳ˼ϣĲܣ
ǮԪ˫ҳλذɣǮԪΪִӶӳҫhԺ£ҶȻ£
ǮӳԺڵŴʥϡ˫ǮԪˣҲǳ
ԺĹǴܻʳµģԺҲȹִһ˵λȥͨһԺˣ˵˱ǮԪˣ
ǮԪ˵ΪִӶӳʵȻС
ʵϣǮԪ𼶱Ҳһ֮ңѣ
׷У
Ǯӳʲô˼ҿǮԪȻһ㶼ãҲˡ
ǮԪѲһĿһСС֮ҫhԺҰɣҸ㣬ǮԪҪΪhԺе
ã
Ⱥ֮бŷһҵ
ΧΧ۵ԽԽ࣬ܶ׵֮ߣ
ߣhԺҲеĸ֣ССԺѧҴף˸ҵ޵ǻɱΣҴߣ
׵ñ䣬ȻhԺУҪԼĲʺ
ûбҪڸôĿˣ
ӣҿʲôʱ򣿡
ǮԪһ˲ŷ˼ΪǿϢķɽѾУбųһ˿ĺ⣡
Һ˫нȴûʲô취
ǮԪܹ׵ҲˣһҪأ
ǶĿhԺ
οǿʥϸګhԺ֣ⱳѲûк֣
ȥɣ
ǮԪеķɽҫҫ۵ĺɫâһ˲ΧѾǱһգ

Х
һ޴ĽӰѾ׵Χѿռ֮У
˵־Ͷ֣ûκεԤף
Ҳط浱ҴǫhԺɣЦһ
˿ѾǶˣ
һɸΪǿѹǮԪͷһ𣬿ɻûеȵӦʱ򣬾ͿһȭѾǺɱ
תŲ
֮е׺֣ΧȭӰѾ˲ûǮԪĽӰ
䣡
һȭͷϵ֮вϵĴͷоһĲ
ЩΧ֮ҲǷһľ֮̾ΪǮԪ˿϶Ѿ֪˶ȭˣ
м֮ûˣ
ǮԪӶɳˣԼҵʹ
Ǽһƺûκֵ˼
һȭϣоԼûһˣ
أ
׼ɱкɱǮԪ֮ʣһ޴ȭӰѾǺХ
ֱһȭȥ
ڵĵطѾķѣ
ʥϴݹ٣ʧԶӭhԺɽԺԺ
׵ĸǰһȥüĿ߳ǰ
ֻ粻֣ƫƫԼҪնɱǮԪһ˲֣ʱѿصĵ൱ĺã
һޣhԺָҸ֮hԺ˵ȣ˭Ҵߣޱɱ֮
ССɾǴԲѣŮϷ֮أ
׻δ֮ʣԱվһ֮µͷȥͷƺĲᣡ
˱ǫhԺɽԺĸԺƲΣ
ղֹɱˡ




1766´ʥޱ֮
 

hԺ
սţ
Ǳ۸֣ܶѧߵĿף
һҲ̫һЩ
һССܹګhԺ߲ɣ
ʥĵߣҲùԹԵվһߣ
СС˿𻹲
ֻԺѾվߣֻܹΪǸûʸϰ
Ʋοףܵŭ
ԼŮԼƤӵ±˸ˣⲻǴԼ
˿̣ΪԼӣҲҪվ
ƸԺԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬҿǴӳɣ
ŻƲΣдһ˿Ĺ죡
˵ǮԪˣӦöŭ֮
Ȼ̵ܹסһȰοƲβҪ׶֣ʲô
ƲԺǺ⣿ѲҫhԺһССɣ
ƸԺ԰꣡
׿ԺhԺεܵҴ׻ʹң޵ǻܵøһ˵ɣ
ʥϾǫhԺһʲôĽΪأ
ʵҲЩߣ֪һhԺҪ˵ִӵĶӳ
ǺˣοСʲ
ѧԺλҪʼˣhԺһϣҲҪӴܻʳطûʲôˣ
½Ĵ׵۾һѡ
ղ۲һһӦѾﵽɾڵĲΣ
hԺ֮УܹﵽɾڲεһҲֻ
λÿѧԺҲֻܹ˸ˣ
һ֣ȻͶһϣǣ
һʵ̫ѱԼ²̨ҲЩŭˡ
ЦһӦҼɣ
Ӧ㼸Ȼԣһ˿ŭ
Ժˣ㡭ôܹӦأhԺδ氡
ƲοȻҪӦСӵ˶оһĲ˼飡
ǫhԺʲôʱ׹
׿Ӧôˬ죬Ҳһ㶣漴Ժһ˰
ֻ
ףĨһ˿Ȼ
׾֪һûôĺģղһ£ܿȻˣ
ֻʲô
ֻ֮ǰʥҪȽһԼˣ׸
ಣ
һӰ˵ĸǰһĳɹٷվ׵ĸǰ
ֻӿȥǳĲƣƺǷʯһ㣡
׾ôʲô׸Ȼʶˣʱһɵ˳ʵЩ˷˼
Ǵ׵ף
׸۸ڶ˵һ߸ϵӣ
ֽɣǴʥ׸һ֮֮ϣ
ֻʥ۾֮ٷǰȥףȴ˵׵ĵѺ
hԺȻҲʵĸ֮˴ʥ
Ժ˵ǿԲѴ֮ôʧΣ
Ҳǿʵ̫ţɳˡ
ԭͣһ£׵̬Щ߳ŭˡ
׿¶һ˿ЦޱǴ׹Ǻˣ
ʥ׸ɣ
ɵ³˼֣ԭΪ֮϶һ
ֻû뵽ԭڴһûг֣ȴһЦ
¶һ˿мЦݵʥǸʥһ̫ӣȻаԵ޵ǻ޻ûйǴʥأ

һƬ˽
ܶʼˣhԺҵڴԱߵĴʥȻҲҵ
ѲһͲ«hԺһֻ۱һֻۣôʥ˴
ʱһȻ˵ţֱ֪
׸ʥʹìܣԺǵͲˣԼ˽½ɡ
΢΢ҡͷ׵дһ˿Ϸʣ
׿hԺĳ⣬ûп˿ǿɾͲҪˣ
ǲ֪ߣСҴʥмֱһ㣡ʱ䣬֮ڼҴʥ̫ӵµĻ͵Ҵʥ̤Ǵװɣ
ɿף¶һ˿⣡
˿̣Ѿɱ׷Żǲ̫ٷ磬ʥǰ֮˵ģ
õˣھ͸㣬ʥޱ֮ޱ죡
һһԵѾĨһ˿Ц⣡
˶û뵽hԺԺʹʥ׸ڵ£
ССĴȻˣ




1767¿顱
 

hѧԺ˿˵Ŀⶼۼ׵ϣ
һµƴ׵ϱ
ɽôĸ۾ҵ˵˵Ҫһʥ
׸ң
׸ң
Ȼܶ˶һЦ
˼˵ڳôˣȨ֮󣬿ȴû
Ц죬
ԣܹ˸оһѪڣ
ΧѧԺĸԺ
ʵǲ֪ǰһﵽ˵ȵسĻģ
ʥޱ֮
˸֣ƺһֱصhԺϿգ
ȻɹתìܣƺԼʲôһ㣡

׵Ļԭɫ˿ҲǱ֮ɫ
Ʊǣȥһɽնɱڵ
ߣޱ㣬ҪŴʥɾʹʥ֮λ
׵Ļޱߣ˸оһĲ
һҪһʥɾʥ֮λǺεȵǣ
Ҫ֪һܲһӣ
ʥô࣬ҪΪʥΨһİ취ϣ
ʥ֮䣬ŵһ蹵޷Խ
׵ĻŭһԺձҪնɱⲣҴʥ֮ƣ
ʥϣԺٸһλᣬ˴ʥ̫ӣһ
ףʵҪֹһ
ʵϣղɳ棬ʵϾҪѴ֮鷳
Ȼ˲ѵãɫhԺӵҪ
ҪëhԺӦһССǾԲܵ飡
ޣhԺһϣԺ˵㻰
׵ĻָղѾӦ
ǰҪʥʹ֮ìܣ
ìôڿΨһİ취ˣ
ڵǿߣȻ֪
նɱôĻ׻ᣡ
Ժ
ɿҲǴһ˿Ĳ죡
ɵ׸ԺղѾӦϣ׸ΪҫhԺ氡
ڻϿ
һˣ֪ʱɺѾ޿ˣ
ʵϣһӮˣԿģ
ɳԺΪƾҲҪӮ˱𣿺ߡ
ȥ
Ѿǳ׵ĸǰӿȥȲʤȯһ㣡
׵ĿһϣԺ˵㻰ɣ
˵꣬
գҪģиҪļһվȻǸòˣ
֮ǰѰ˼ţҪĸhԺֵĲɵ͵ĻʱֻܹԼȥʳȥѰˮˡ
ֻĻȴ಻Ҫ鷳
ɱɣܹɽ𻢣ܹëhԺӦԼ
ֶΪأ
һУ
һ˿Ц˳һָͷ
ˣ
һ˽֮˶סˣ
ȥ׵Ҳ̫˰ɣһУ˵óڣ
ǣһ￴ȥҲɣһоҪܴʥ׸
ģûмôģ
ߣţԽ󣬵ʱҲԽݣ
ԼǴܻʳɻʼĸˣһУôȥأ
ģȺ֮бһ֮
ȷѾǴ˺ܶ˵񾭣
һоҪʥ׸Ҫ֪׸ǿǿ߰
ͬ𾪵ĻͻƲεˣ
ƲһŰӣһ
Ҫ֪ʵҪɸ߳һأ
ɲڵǿߣƲǿڵǿߣ
ɻƲΪԼҲһоͻɣ
һУ޿ܣ
Ժˣʵ̫ˡƲ
һԵҲǰССǲ֪
˫ҾվԱߣ
ԭΪһǹ͵ܶ࣬˫ĺϣ׷ʲôӣ
һʧˣԫhԺʹʥ˫ѹ֮£
Ҳûκһ˷
ڿȥһһţ˵Ҫһʵһʥ
ӵĿţȻ˵ֻҪһоͿԻӵʵ׸
˫Ӷ첻ˣ
һԵףüͷҲ΢΢һһУ˵ĻҲ̫һЩ
ƲοųеҪһеĻҰͷߣܴ




1768¡һС˼
 

˿̣
Ϊߵ˭
˵ˣȻǴʥλ׸ɣ
һҪʲô·
ȻǴʥ̫Ӷץ
ĵ֮ŷԼǰǾ֮ˡ
Ѿǵ߸ǰ֪
Ҫ֪ǰȥʥЩʱǼֱЩĵҪ
أһСС۾Ȼ˵ҪǴʥ
ⲻҪģо˵ľǰСӣ
ȻһָͷȻԼ˵֣һУ
һлԼ
ڳ˲ţԼ˸ǾСӵţѾǴȥˣ
һлң
쳤ХоԼһЦˣ
΢΢ҡͷһл㣬㲻Ҫˣ

ǰĻҲһҪһлɵĻǺˣ
ǰ˾ͷһ󳰷Цݣ
ģԭǸţĻӻΪжôţأ
ɲһΪжأû뵽ôˣ
𼶱ǿߣһоʹˣŶòܣ
һкϷˣҹһﲻ˵ֻһܹŰɣ⻰ҲǶһ˵
µ˺ôЦղŵĻҲǸоһĺЦ
׵ĻҲ΢΢ȻҲǵ˼ҵҪһеʲô˼
Ժˣ˵ıµǲСƲҲ¶һ˿ѵЦݣ
ԴӸղԼŮ˸֮ҲûЦݳֹ
˰֮
ɿŶ㻹һ֪֮Ͷ˵ûܹһ·
ҵ˼ˣ˵Ĳһл㣬һɱ㣡
ĻȻᣬѾըˣ
ղЩΪǵˣоϷϷȥģҪˣ
һﾹȻ˵һնɱɣǱһлɻҪŰ
Ѳɽ紵ţѾǵĵز
㡭Լ
ɫ࣬ҲʲôݴԼĸоˣ
ˣˣ
һСС֮˸ˣˣǵūhѧԺô˵棡
Ҫ֪hѧԺһЩ£ܿ춼ᴫ뵽ʥᴫ뵽ʳ֮еģ
ҪĻԺ־ͻΪЦĴˣ
˿̣ɻɢһǿҵɱ⣡
޼ɵ
˲䣬ΧѾγһǿҵ
֮սһ
ƺ׺ͻ˼֮⣬˶ܹնɱ֪Сӣ
ԭ˵Ľ㶼Ƿ׵ϣȫǱ˹
ϴһ˿ȻЦݵƤ˵㣡
ˣ
һĴΧɢȥƽ棡
ܶ˶Ľ֮иܲʲôɱ
һ
νƽĺܣ˭Ҳ֪ƽ֮Уȴ̺ž޴ɱ
ǱĻֱоԼЩˣ
κһ𼶱ǿ߱˵ĳҲǲܵ˵ġ
ֻǫhԺɸˣ
첻նɱһԺڴʥԼ׶֮
䣡
֮УӰѾǽΧסÿһӰһλǿݰ٣
ӰԽԽ࣬ʵԱα
˿ɵӣҲ΢΢̾˵׸ʵȥ־һЩӦþֻһˣ
ǰҪһɱ̫ܣɻʳڵǿߣҲǺѰ쵽
ƲһʵЩȥˣ
Сʵǿûб߼ʣֻ֮ȴһ˿һԼͬʺţ
ǰСӵŵǴأ
׺˵ϣδһ˿κεĻ֮ɫ
ɣ
¶һ˿ЦݣŶԼûʲôɱ飬ҲǷһĵŭ
ݣ
˷Х֮бâʵʵ
һߵƺǱһ㣬·ȴ⽣ٵԼϣ
֮裡

ѾǱû񱩵Ľ֮У
¶һ˿ЦԵĸܵԼĽѾӡǣ
һ̣Ҫ˿ţƵļһﵽôһ³
ôˣ
ҲǽüͷȻҲͬʱɵЦݣʼվһ˿֣
ΪɵĽ֮£鵽ǻ
Ҫ֪ڵǿ߰




1769ǿɱ
 

˵Ŀⶼ۽֮ϣ
ŽţεĽ֮йճһĻߣ
ԭûӰɴ˿ҲԪλ
ΧӰʧ˸оһѾǽˣ
һԲɽһԵĻ˼ǽĿף
ȻǫhԺѧһ̣ƺףŴ׵ţ
ԱߣƲЦһһɱ׸ҿ׸һɱһﻹ࣡
׹Ȼпð
Ҳ΢΢ҡͷΪ˿Ϣܲˡ
Щɻ˵˵ϢƺһҲܲ⽣ȴΪɢȥ
ԺˣѲΪʱ򻹻漣СӴţĹͷˣɱ֮Ҳʵ
Ʋ֮Ҳĺһ
һ뵽ԼŮ۸ˣЩһ
񿴵ţƤˣʣµľν׵λ۾ˡ
һԵ˫ŻƲ˵ƸԺҵΪսûнѲɸλûз֮޵Ľô
̧ͷϸƺѾȴˣ
ǵ޵޽ƺһֱب˵ͷ֮ϣֻǵ޵ĽѾǱ֮ǰ
ѵǡ
ͫһʱ֮ƺʼɫ
䣡
ԭϵѾ𿪣Ӱһεĸ˵ĸǰ
޵ĽӰһƺʵʻһ㣡
ƣ
ΪģһƺhԺһ㣡
һ뵽һֲ飬ǰɽ࣬Ҳܵ˿ֲѹ
һԵҲĿɿڴĿǰһУһۣ
˶ӶжһĨ𺳣
֮ոһ㣡
ֻ̳סһԫhԺѧ
˿̣
ɵҲǳһĨ״ľ֮ɫ
оһɻصϢԼķֱ
Ҫˣ
ɵҪ뿪ʱȴǱ˿һ㣡
ɵﶼ㲻ȥ
ΪģǵΪһ㣬ֱмȥ
ݣ
ǵ޵Ľûɵ֮Уû˷һ󾪺֮
֮ѾɢһѪ꣬Ѫɫͷף
һ̣
Ѿǻ˵ϣ΢΢һЦ㶨
¶һ˿ǳЦˣ°ɣ
ڱǰ׻Ǳ׵˿ģ
鹰֣
ֻʣһ˵Ŀɿڴӣһжðһ뷨Ǿ̫ţˣ
ˣ
Ǳ˼һиɱˣ˵µģ
˲ϵĴŴղһĻǲһ˿
һսĻһʲôľأ
һ뵽ƺһЩ

һΣhԺܻʳˣ
ԺҲûκһɹڴĹҰˣ
ǿߴ𺳣Ǹղһɱɴ壡
ɱǿߣ
Щʥ֮˳ΪԼˣȻҲڵģ
Ҫľ˵ɫĿĴﵽˣ
ɽ֮У
Ҫõ˵أǱҪʾ㹻ǿʵֻʵ㹻ǿκ˶ÿɫ¡
࣡
һʿˮ˷
׻ĴȺ˹ȥŻƲЦһƸԺղƺҲҴײ
ûûУ
Ʋλûдһɱ֮лع
񿴵Ѿǳķ˹ҲǱܵһ
Ȼܶˣܱȶǿɣ
ãظһΣҴߣ˱ǵ³
ɨˣ֮⣬˶ǵͷ­
֮ǰЩ֮һҲϢˣ
Ϊ׵λʵ̫ţˣţѾûκεҪȥԿˣ
𼶱ǿ߶ɱˣأ
˼ҿ¶óˣ
ܻʳһµѾûκεˡ
ֻдһ˿뷨ľַش֮ߵܹ߶Զأ
һԼĺ֮ǰȣѾû֮ǰְ
ʥĶԹʱһ䣬֪ԺղŴӦҵǷأ
ǿƣ
ͱˣ
ѾʱˣǫhԺķԺΣ
ղһĻѾʧȥһЩģ
ȻҲ֪ҪԼȥȴ׶֣һ˵ĻǶĿhԺǴܻҵ
Ȼ
ˣ
һ̣ĳһ˷ˣƺڳ˶ΪȻ
ǿߴǵĳ
ǿߴĸı䣡




1770
 

˿̣Ժ֮˵Ÿղŵ飡
һȻɱһʥ׸פګhԺЩߣҲѾж
Ļһ̾ѾǴȥˣ
Ȼܶ˶˽⣡
֮ǰЩ崳קĸƵõīhԺѧԺȥ崳ǵʱ򣬿¶Ҫβˡ
ĵﲻ𰡣
׺࣬Ա߻Ż˼ϣڻ˼ϵǳΪһ󻬼ˡ
ʥϣ˵˰ɣ
ףЩˣղŲӦôӦôˬ찡
˵ȥĻóȥˮ
ҪСӱնɱˣʲôҲûˡ
ɶˣҲûκεİ취
ɲ⣬ǫhԺҲðȻУϾҲ˼ɵģ
׿ȻԺˣ޵ȻҲҴţҵֻ
ֻ
Ķͷϲ˺ߣ٣
ѾʱˣҲòӲͷƤȥˡ
һ֮ǰĲеĻƲεˣ˿̸ޱǱߣ
·hԺ˸û̫Ĺϵһ㣡
˲Ϊ
ͷҲһİϧԼëģ
׿΢΢һЦԺ٣ǡ
ʥЦˣѾˣҫhԺԺô꣬һԺ㣡
ɫÿ˵ʵףҪ֣
׿һԺhԺκҴףҪҴ׵Ĺأʱնɱɱ飡
ֻܾϾhԺɻдܻ֮ˣһ֮ˣǿǴ̫ܵү
ףҲʾЩΪ
΢΢һԺвˣ˵ˣκˣ
һ˼һ̫үתģ
治вףֻô̫ү˵أ
ǣһͷԺ˵ˣŲǾͻģ׳
ã֪ʥڶֵΣ
̾һһ¾Ҫˣ
ȴֲҲӦֻܹǵȻȥ˵ˣ
СҪĲ֪ôŭ̫үĻµʱĻĺܲң
ϾܻʳɲһССĴʥԱģţǶ߰˸𼶱ǿߣأ
ʳܹ֮֮Ϊʳʳɶɻʼǿģ
ڶǾͼˣϣ׿ګhԺļһ˲ţ̫ģ
׿ȻhԺϲ
ܹԺģ׿ǿ˲ţ
һ㵵˵ʥϣ֪hԺǴܻΪܻʳ˲ŵĵطҴܻʳǽ𣿡
ˣ
׵»ʻһһղŵһѾǺѰˣ
ڶƺӵˣһ뵽еͷˡ
hԺǧˣֻѡ˶ѣ˵ˣȫƾԸ
ʵҲ֪ǲܵ飡
Լˣ˻ҲĵĶԴԼģ
ּһȫƾԸ
׵ʥϲ˵㻰ɣȫƾԸĻһҿԴӦ㣡
һԣ׿׷
ֻҪԺҽǰʮ˸ҳˣľͲԺˣ
׿΢΢һЦ
ǰʮɽԺǰʮ֮УֻвʮˣеĿɶķԺ׵
ʮʮɣ
󾫶࣡
һ׻Ǻģ˵ʵڼľ˲ţ
ܹǰʮ˲ǰĻǵʡȥٵ鷳
ֻһˣҲ׬˲ǣ
΢΢ͷû⣡֪ʥǡ
˿нŵĺܣʵǲ֪׽ʲô̵
һҪ̸£Ļ֮ǰǰ̸ˣ
֮ǰʵһֱ˼ţ׵ʲô
Ҳ֪˵ģ
ǰλʥʵЩ׽͸
£һλĴʥϣϾǫhԺЩʵЩզΣ
οղһɱɣ˿̻ţ
׿¶һ˿Цݵϣȥʳμλ




1771ĵ
 

hԺ֮У
˿ףϾ㵵ı˵һУ
ղ׵һϯʵҪ˵ģ
ܻʳһβμѧԺλhԺǴսġ
hԺʵļʳȣƺô
λھͷΣhԺһĶûС
ĿǰһǿǴܻʳ̫ӣѧԺҲ˲ű
ҲΪʲô֮ǰҪ׶ǿһҪԭ
Ϊ֮ǰĴʵ̫ŵĻǺʹʥȫԵȵһѧԺλ֮˵ˡ
Ҳû뵽ʵԶֹϿô򵥣
һɱ׸
ѾǴңҲǵԼ߰ͷ­
ֻû뵽մףȻҪμλ
˵õһϢˡ
ʥϵʲô˼
׿Ȼ˵ԺӦİɣ
Ϊʲô
Щ֣λ漰Ķܶ࣡
ȻҲϣײμӣҪףҪԼǿɾͲһˡ
׿ЦŵʵҶλҲǺ˽⣬ҿһŮˣ
ŮˣĸŮˣ
ɻĿףҪ֪һȥĿĵʲô
ΪʵǵôŵףȥѧԺλпܻܶˡ
׿ŴʳѧԺˮһλɫˣҵĿȻˣ
ۣ
һڲˮѾ˳һĿ꾹Ȼˮ
Ҫ֪ˮǴʳݴʳ̫Ӷʮֵģ
Ůʳ֮ҲǷǳĳģ
һĵ۾Ҫʳ̫Ůˣ
оһƣһĵӻͦʰ
ʥϹȻڲͬ
ЩŹֵĿףǿǲܵ飡
׶ȡһΣ
һĵһʳ̫ӣ˼ѡ˭ǽֺͷܹó飿
Ժô˵ǴӦˣ
׿Ҳ¶һ˿΢Цʵ
׵ʥϿ֪ˮ˭ϵŮˣ
˭ˣնҵŮˣŵ˵
̾һˮǴʳһѧԺԺһĸ֣ʥΪʳʳ˽Ůߣ
Ըأ׿΢΢һЦ
Ը⣬ȻҪúܶ࣬ɼԸ⣬ʱʳҲŭʳһѧԺֱҴܻʳһĵ۾°ˣ˵أ
ǲ֪һﵽôģ
Ƿˣ׵ķˣ
׳ԺӦøе˲ǰɣŴܻʳʹʳ֮ϣǴìͷָҴΪܻʳ˲Сѹ𣿡
ʥϻŵĺܰ˵ʵǴʥܹҫhԺմıҴܻʳһַˣʱͿ̿
΢΢һЦʵҲ֪Բеô򵥵ģ
ǣһȫ
ܹһĻʳҲ޻˵
ЦһԺ²ҲڸղôʥҴнìˣֺ֪αίأ
˵Ҳһ죬һ£ԼΣ
ͱ˵ӣһµҿԴӦ㣬ֻ
޷
ҪľһݶѣμӵʸҲûУ
óhԺĴܻʳһελʮֵӣ
ȴֺΪԼĿģܻʳ鷳
а׳Եأ
ֲСȻ֪һԼˮƱػܻʳʹʳ֮ìܼӾ磡
ʳս׻˵Ŀǰʵ治һܹסʳĹ
Ҫڼϴܻʳأ
׵˲˵Ǵʥ϶λĹھʳĽƷȫܻʳУˮ飬ǾͿʥϵıˣ
ԺǴһֺ̰׷ŮԼ׷ôȫˣ浱ɵӲɣ
һŭȣҲâһ
Ҫ̬ȻڸԼ̸飬Ǿ˵ܴһЩ
΢΢̾һʥӦ֪һ¶ˣҴܻʳҲİɣ
޶᲻˹ھȴִˮأ׿ʵ
һЦʥϻıﰡΪԺһλĸ֣Ӧ𣿡
ãhԺǾЭϣʱܻʳҪʧ
ҲŵһЦ˵ʵûжԿܻʳߴʳʵ
Աȴûжģ
ҪľǾĴԼԼԽ죬ҵ׻ƷЩ˿ԾԽ
οҲ֪Ϊˮ񣬿һֽҪֵĸ췭ظˣ
ãһ֮󣬴ʥǰܳʱһͬǰʳ
΢΢ͷȻԺӦÿЩ֮˹˰ɣ




1772˲
 

hԺ֮У
һӾۼʮλԺŸ֣
Щ֮УһЩǺӵܣһЩȨ֮
Щ˶һͬ㣬Ǿѱ
ֻ׵ǰƺԵЩִ٣ղնɱ𼶱ǿߵʱҲèһԿŵġ
浹мױȽϤģ˫Ҿ֮
ֻǲ֪һΰǺΪ
ʵϣҲƵĲУϾЩǫhԺΪʵԴ
ɾΪˣǻǺϵЩǲòô
֮һ
˵˵ܹ΢һ֮⣬ôԸ⣡
ӲԸδ֪ĲϾ˸оЩɱ˲գۣ
ټǿƵԸһԲϾʹ֣ҲûƢ
ʥϣЩҫhԺȫѧԱ
Ȼû˵ʲôëhԺôõЩ˳ӱŸˣ
ôhԺôʵԴȥһССĴأ
ȻĿǰЩĸоɱϾֻһ
hԺǴܻʳĵһԺмʮǧء
˵ˣȫƾԸ
ֻҪһŵĻĵڶˡ
ɨһȦЦŵ㲻
׵ۣΪĲˬȴҲ˵ʲô
ܹhԺˣ˭ٮٮأ
ǲ
ʶ׵ģ׳ʥϣղүү˵ҪǼף
ǺǣҴװٷϴˣְλ࣬ǸλȤĻҴ׵ĴȻΪλģ
׿Ҳ΢΢һЦ
û˵׳õְλܶǲɴʥΪϡҵȴӫhԺȥ֮󣬴ܻʳְλҲλԴһͻʳаɣ
Ҳף˵Ҳʵѣ
ʵګhԺټǱţҲѱģ
ȻҲ׺ĴȷǹĿ࿴ˡ
ɾôĿ࿴һʼվǳΪʥأ
ܻʳȣһϣ
ɨһȦˣ΢΢һЦǰɣ
ǽңhԺЩȻ˵
׵ͷ޺ʵʵ˵һ仰ӦҲ˵İɣ
ʲôʥʾҰͷ
׳ΪͷβοҴԺǰ;ԲֻһѣʥȻҲڻ£ǽʳҲʮ㣡
ʳ
һѾܻ
һʳ˵ܹⲻǳô
ţ׿΢΢һЦɽӿԸޣ޶㣡
ʥ÷ֹʵıµǺܴ󣬿һʳôý𣿡ҳ
һԵҲǱ׵ĻŪķǳĲˬ
һȻҪţ˲ţҲ˵ģôԸܲܺúõĻŶǸ⣡
һʥֵסǣɻʳʥԱأ
һôţҪhԺȥμӴʳٰλ
ҪūhԺĴܻʳԿʳ
׵ʵҲͣ𼶱ĲΣ
߲εɻûа취ģ
ͿŴţҪǫhԺѧߣ
ЦˣһԵͻƲεҲЦ
ǲܵ飡
΢΢һЦʥϣһĳⶼûУҿǫhԺЩſ¡
ǺǣԺֺαżأЦЦתҵղ޸˵ǰ;㽲һЩʵʵĶΣ
ʵʵģʲô
ҿ׵ӣҲһɻ
һСС۾ʲôԼأ
΢΢һЦλǫhԺŸ֣ҴȻҲԴģ
ԴʥĪΪ׵ԴԸǫhԺȣ
˫ҲЩɻĿף
ʵϣ˫ǺųΪܳĴ֮һˣ
˫ļͥǳһ㣬hԺֻ֮еƫ£
ҵϣǼϣ
ҲɹܹΪԼļˣɼګhԺǰʮΣ
ڴܻʳûκεıʱһŮѲȥ
˫ʵ϶࿴ֻ׸ղ˵ĻʵЩ̫ˡ
׿˫΢΢һЦ֪ҪʲôſϼҴأ




1773ºĴ
 

˫ЩĿɿڴĿף
ԼԿ
Ҳ̫ţһɣ
̸һߣǲȥɵˣ
ܹ˵һĳ̶ȣǱûˡ
΢΢һЦʥϣĪЩԼ
ǺǣԺԼǣȻҴ˲ţǱȻҲһλǣ
׿Ҳ΢΢һЦҪһ˲ţ
һ˲ҲͦʣκεĲף
һЦʥϵͦŰҫhԺΪܻʳһԺֻҪ֮ˣȻҲǷģ
װڰֵԺԣȻڲҪһ
ʥϣҪҵ𣿡
˫ҲǻȥˣҲ֪ײܸԼģҲûжĸ
޷
׿˫Ҳ΢΢һЦ
ʥϣӦ֪ʲôʵɣ˫ʵ
׵ͷȻ֪ɾ۷壬Ӧþֻһ֮ңˡ
֪ʥΪ˿ʲô˫Ĵ۾ף·۾˵һ㡣
׹һЦ뿼޵ĳ⣬㾡˵ˡ
˫ԥһ˿
΢΢һЦȻʥ˵ĿҪֱ˵ˣ
˫һ׵ʥϣҵĵһǣҪһ
û⣡
ֱӵһѣһҲ֣
ʥϻû˵꣬˵Ʒ˫ףҲһ˿Ľ
Ʒ
ǿǼֵǵĶhԺѧԱ֮УƺҲֻӵƷ
һǴܻʳ̫ӵ£
ƷĻǼǲܵģһλ̫үпܣ
Ļûκεϣ
hԺ˵ֻԺԺҲǴܻʳһƷ
ˣʵҲһƷѣ
˫ĻһԵЩԺѧԱЦˡ
˫ʦǸ׳һˣ
ЦŵʥϣʵҫhԺѧԱ۽綼Ƿǳߵģԡ
˼ѾˣǾ׸ܸƷģ
˼һ뷨Ҫ֪һƷһѧԱջǾԾ޴ģ
ǿ˵СС
ǴܻʳҲȻܸЩѧԱ˷ģ
Ʒʲô
׿ԴĿ⣬һЦ˵ˣû⣡𣿡

˫һ±ƣԼ˵ĿƷ
һﾹȻ˵û⣿
˫ԼоԼˣ֪ԼӦûģ
׿˫һƷѣҴ׻ûĻԺҴ׵ˣ
˫ɴ۾ףϽһ
˵
׵ϲǱ˫
ǴŮϷˣԼĻƢҲ̫ãĻ׻ǿԽܵģ
˫ĭȻǴʥĴӦҵһֻҪӦʥϴӦǨ׼ɣ
Ȼû⣡
׿Ǻ°
Ҫ˫嶼ǨּҵĻǶڴ˵Ҳһˡ
һãȻĿףһﻹǸҸ
Ϊ˵õ˫ȻóһƷ
ӶˣһԵЩѧԱһЩѾ¶ԥ֮ɫ
˫Ѿ޿ˣ
Ҳ֪Ϸˣף´۲СҪӵһƷĻôüǼҲǿԵģ
ګhԺмʱҲҪҵˣ
ʱȥδӻδ֪
ֻ˫ļΣķҪ׵üµĻ
˫ʥϣ˫ҲҼڴܻʳĳǷ˾޶ծ񡭡
Ҫ˲ţȻҴף鷳Ȼ޵鷳
׺ĵ˵
ԴԼˣ״ûκεԥ
ʥϵ棿˫Ŀʵ
׿˿һԵ飬ԼóһƷɽȻԱǴ׵ĳ˰ɣ
Ʒɽ
յĹԲеƷɽһĨ֮ɫ
ǴӳɫƷɽԼõǸҪð
û뵽һѧԱȻѾӵ˺ԼģԼҪõƷ
ܲ
ͬĻЩѧԱǣڵЩѧԱǣһҲ۾Ʒɽˣ
˫ӹеķɽǸԼĺһ㣬гϲúͼ֮飡
ȻЩͷԵľͳΪ˴׵ĳӣȴõ˸࣡
һʱ䣬ЩѧԱҲЩסˣ




1774ҵѡ
 

ש
ҪľЧһ˫ЩΪ֮ȻĶˣ
˵ʵ˼ΪĴ󷽣
ֻ˲˽׶ѣοյԴһССĴܻʳܹģ
ʮܻʳһϵף
ľ̫幬в۳ĵλôᱻأ
˵ʢһʱľ̫幬ʵԴѾǿϵһ۳ˣ
Ҳˣڿνǲ۲۵ĳ
ټôһߣ˵˼Ʒ֮⣬Ļû̫⣡
Ҫ֪λУЩͨ˵ɵģ
ƵҪһ˵Ҫúܶ࣡
Ϊһ˿׵ʮĵط
ڻûʵȥԿ۳ĵһǾôΪ׻ʳ
ҪǲǿԼʵȻѰҵԼˣ
ֻеԼչһĳ̶ȣʱܹȥΪǣ
ЩֻҪԼʵܹ׳ν
ȻˣΨһһ˲ϲѣ
ЩԼˣԺԼǼ׷ĺǣҲĹЩ˵ģ
ʥϣǡǲǿҲᡭ
д˿̵뷨֮ǰѾȫһˣ
˵ʵһʼ˴һԸģ
ɶ
һʵǿһЩ֮⣬ûõóֵĶ
˼һ־ƷȻѾǼң
ɽɣ
Ϊľ޵Դܻʳôˣ
ҪŶӵĻҲ֪ԼҪõһƷҪΪܻʳƷϵĹԱ
ӫhԺȥҲǸƷпƷ
ҪƷѹ֪ˣ
ôһݾߣЩȻǴˣ
׿΢΢һЦλдҲˡɣ˵һЩԸ⣬ǱԼ룡ǲԸ⣬޾ǿ󣡡
ʥʾ
Ҵ˿̶ף̬ѾЩǫˣ
һƺѾǰ϶ˡ
׿˵ǸλҴÿһƷɽپӶƷϮ棡ǹѫ׿Ȼ಻ڻ£һ
ҵ˺ݺݵĵͷֻһ㣬ѾѪˣ
׼Ǹλܹﵽɾ۷ĲΣ޿λɾ֮λ
ʲô
˶ˣ𼶱ĲΣǧдһ
Ҳ˵һǧλɾ֮лһԳΪ
ҲΪʲôǿôֵǮһԭ򣬿˵ܻʳмЩ
ֻҪΪֻܹ˵ˣ
ڴʥϾȻ˵Щ˳Ϊ𼶱ǿߣôأ
ʥϵ棿
Щ⣬Ͼ黹ûгΪʵ
׿΢΢һЦϷԣҲ˵ˣһѡ⣡ޣޱԴϵٹ⣬ޣҲûйϵһеѡȨǡ
׽˳ȥʵ϶˵ЩĿƷΧ֮ڣ
ڴ˵Ļ»п˵ΪɾڳΪһӣ
ײǿκ鶼ûоԵģ
ӦЩܹΪ𣬵ٷ֮ʮϵĻҪЩ˵Ŭ
ңμʥϣ
ҺȻ¹ѾȷԼѡ
һҵүүԼӣ㡭ôܹ˵ϡ
үүҶԼѡ񣬼ѡǴģҶҲԹ޻ڣɽɣͲͨ;ҶԸ׷ʥϣɽ磬ս޻ڣ
ҿдһ˿ļᶨ
׿Ц˼ã˭
Һ˫ѡѾȷˣ
ǺܶȻ룬Ǳȴɼ
˫ѡҲѡ񣬵Ǿ˶޷ѡģ
Ǿúܲ
ǲҶģΪǻȥ֮ǲһʼ
Ȼ׿ѾǷĲˣճ˫ңҲû˸ҹȥ
ֻһʧǰʮλѧԱҲЩƣ
˫Ҹ׵뿪˫hԺ
ګhԺνǲһˣ
ò˶ã׵־ͻܻʳϿƮˣ
׵˻ص崳ǣǰȻĻˣ
ҲǼ֣˵ʵһȵһȥ޻ء
Ȼ֮ǰնɱϼ֮ˣģ
ɱϾhԺҲǲԻ֮زǣ
崳ǳĴ֮УѾʼıķչˡ
һθˣҺ˫֮⣬һŮǻ˼ϣ




1775ط
 

崳ǳ
˵֮ΪҪļеĻ˽Գ֮⣬崳Ǿһ
ֻ֮ǰĳնɱڴˣ崳ǿȱһλ
ҡ˫ߵʥϣ
˿̵Һ˫ǵһߵף
˵֮ǰǶƫĻǴ׵ˡ
һԵҲһƣ֮ǰǿҺ˫ʱЩˡ
񿴵˶׹Ǹһͷˮ
ʥϣ⡭ȥǴ׵ҵôô
Щ̲סʵһԵҲǿгɻ
΢΢һЦ׸ԺҺ˫λλͬΪˣǰǹȥˣʶ
hԺѧȻϵǴְ⡭ļٵİ
ӵɴ۾ףȻЩ߸֪ˡ
ҿ¶һ˿΢ЦҰݼ׸֮ǰĳʦ¶֪˸λλ
ӹһЦȻͬΪ٣Ͳ̸Щ˰
һҴ³λԺֻҪͬЭŴò˶þͻΪɽһ佾ϣλһı£
Ե߾ȫ
˹Ȼÿһô˵ܹǸоһѪڣ
׵ͷȻŻ˼ϵ
ʥϡ
˼ʵһֱͷǻģоЩһ㣡
֮ǰҪҪԼһش׵ʱʹĴӦˡ
ʵϣ˼ϽhԺҲǧŽȥġ
ͻȻ֮ͷ֮ǰŬףҲϰµġ
ױϾǴ׵ԼļڶΪЧģԼҲûʲôúڵġ
׿Цʵү֪ʶʶ
ʥϣ׾֪ǡ
ʶʲô˼ϣʵᵽ˼ϵĸ׵Ļʶ
˼ϿӵүҡǼģ
Ŷʥ죬ϳǡͷĲʶŮ
˼Ҹ׻ǡ
գƹգüʵ
ҸףҸѾˣ˼ϿҲǵ
˭׿ʵ
ӵʥϣƹˡϵһʥûѾǷ⿪ˡ
ĵϵǺǣҴ׵ʲôϵϵİЦŵ
ҵˣǴ֮еȷмԱĶŮ˫hԺյŮ֮һֻû뵽ﾹȻƹŮ
ҲΣʵϻĵϵ
Ȼδ˶ǱԭĹְЩӿ쵳
˼϶׹µʥҸ׵ȷĻĶ࣬ɵʱҸײ֪֮£
ǺǣֻҪҴףѾ˵һʹ΢΢һЦӵ
ڣ
ӿףҲ³׵һЩ˼
˵ƹյʵΣ
ʵһǲ̫Ӧǽɼʵɣӵ
Ҹ״ͻɾһʱ䣡˼ϳ
΢΢һЦɾڣҲǲˣھͻسɡ
سӱŪһһ㶵ģ
ߵǵʵҲСĹ͵ˣ
ЦŵҺ˫ĹְԺ飬Ŀǰ˵ĵ֮Ǳûдﵽ𼶱ʵ֮ǰʱž
𼶱𣿣𾪵Ŀף
һԵҲһĽ˵𼶱ľ簡
Ȼ޵Ŀ꣡Ǻǣ޾Ҫ˴ʥʥǲһЩ𼶱ĸ֣ôأ
׵Ŀ͸һɱ֮
˵ʵʥλǳϲ
滷ɽʱһ˴ʥĻͻὫᵽʥǱߣ
ҲΪһô㣡
ֻҪס׵ĸͷϵֻ̫ˣ
ʵУòϵ
Һ˫ȻҲãɱϾɾʵʼû
״˳ŽԳǵķĵһվδػʹǳƹķֱȥ
ĵĺûᣬܴ
ҪʵжߴˣֻҪһһΪףǾԲǰӵˣ
Գǣ
ƹ
˿̵ƹǰۼ˴Ŵ׾ӣ
Ϊ֮սǰֻǣӳԵøҫۣ
ŽǣǴ׾Ʒ佫ĵȼҪ֪ƷǺ
˼ϵĸ׻չΪƹҲǶƷѣɼƷҲֻһˣ
ƹǲӦ
һŽǵӶǸŽǵӹֵ
ǰŽǵȥһλᣬǴӦˣһҲʥϸǰԼ䣬ǲӦɱĲƹӣ
һʱ䣬ƹĸʿѾǽţ
ֻƹЩƺȥЩΨΨŵŵƺһȵĸо




1776ƹ֮Σ
 

ƹڣ
ƹպԼķ϶ǳֳһƬ֮ɫ
үĿүֶӰҪǲӦĻ¡
ɫԲҰףʵһֱջĶ
Դӻ췴ɽȴּ֮֮
뻤Ͳͣ
ȻӵŮûм޸ʥϣɴӵʥϲΪʱƹ֪ǵӲùˡ
ɫȻĿǾԲܴӦĵģ۸˵ģûмô۸˵ġĵĶӶŮˣȻ֪ܵҪŮΪ檣
˵ҲǣΨһϣŮˣļ޸ģǡ
ҲЩ
˸ƴ˱ǣԺŮûشˣһŴӫhԺطȥ
ͷ˵ʥϺүǰhԺҪ˵ǿ׼ʱ
΢΢ҡͷ³ɻ֪ܳŶأ񵱽ʥֻӣֶӾȻҶƷ֣Ĵܹ֧Ŷأ
ӱӻʥ֪ˣʱһͨԺиΪֺΪƹ
ĵʵҲǻյĵǣûа취
˾ôһŮѲԼŮҸȥΪע
վԲĵóѵģԼŮ츳ڣԺָܹһ˼أ
أ
ƹĴű俪
һս˻շ򸾵ĶУɫһ䣡
Я˳ϳ˰Ȼ֮ɫ
һ
ĻѾ׼Ĳһ֮ˣǰʲô
ֻǻ֪һ֣ʱǷһƹ˲䶼ҷ
Ĵһ˵ҲĿŻգ
Ŷ룬
ȻҲдĹأƷԱԴƷԱڵġ
ģڴɷ֮У·һ
ɽΣɷһ𷣣
ԹأɷԲ
ɹȻҲɹĹأֻԼ޹˼ɣ
ү̸ɷôһѵҲҸ̸գҸһƹɱţ
ĿŻգҲǼΪˣ
ʵϣĵлһ飬յŮ˼ϿhԺ
ԼĶȴûпϣʱյĻļǵã
лᱨˣ
ҪȢ˻յŮҪûտŮΣ
󻹲Ǳĵ
˵ʵһֱĵǣ
ԼӣΪ˴үλǿǽڵʥϵġ
ĸ֪Ӷڵ껤ЩϲһҲǽ¡
ΪľԼǰҲΪ˳һ˵ĳԹ
ģһʥ׷ĺүڲȥɱ𱾺򲻿ˣ
գҪΪʵҸһЩҾ㣡Ҹ㣬챾ҲбӦˣһк˵ǰԼ䣡
ĿŻգֵܲȻᶯ֣
ǶֵĻҲ
ʱ˵ƹҪң͵ʱ˵Ǵһء
ֻİҲ̫һЩ
տĿЦ˼ƾҲȢŮҸ㣬ɱңΣŮǫhԺѧԼ
ߣʥ϶«hԺնɱhԺѧΪһ˵ˣŮګhԺǸʲôһ֪
ĵ͸һ˿ĲмȻˣͱи˶ϣ
պ޵ģŭһģı򣬼ǱˣҲܻ
ڽ
Ҳԥʵֻ˳飡
ǻմӦһҲνǻղӦԲˮ
һǷˣʱҲ˵
ĩڣ
ĵʮλƷĵĸǰϥ¹
ĵ¶һ˿âƹգͼı֤ȷ䣡ʥϲڳҵֻնˡ
㡭ݱ򡭡
û뵽ľȻ˵ĺҲ͸һӵľ
ҪҪԼĻʱʲô֤òأ
ֻĵ˲֪ƹϿգ׵˵ɫѾѿ˼㣡
˼ϵһȥ
Ҫȥֹĵʱȴ׸סˣ
ֻӸоһ־ǣʥĵдһĨŨҵɱ




1777´׵
 

ƹڣɱ죡
ѾǱսһ
ջԼķˣеķɽѾ졣
֪һսԼһһսˣ
ʿԼıУʱ׼Լʱ
һ̣Ѿ
ڻվǰλүֶƴ֮ʣһӰѾǳԼķ˹
˼ϣô
סˣҲסˣ
Ҳû뵽ԼŮȻʱˣ
Ҫ֪Ѿ׼ϣԼŮϣ
ģԼŮһΪԼġ
Ȼڣ
ԼŮһû鵽
״ˡĸ״ˣ˼ˡ
˼ϵˮղ崳ڶයһᣬԼҪԼĸĸˣ
ǻ˼ϾԲԸ⿴ĳ˿ģۺ죡
˼ϣߣϽߣߵԽԶԽã
ԼĭĿԼŮ
˼΢΢ҡͷûˣ״ˣˣ
ߣãû뵽СӵǳԽԽˮ˰
Ŀ˼ϣҲĨһ˿аĹâ
˼ϴ˿ģ
Ҫ֪׵ʥϾ濴һУֻҲֶ֪ӣ
ڻ˼Ͽʱ򵱽ʥϿ϶Ϣ˵ģ
Լĸ׺ĸףʥϲĿԼĸǰɣ
Ի˼ϲ˵û£
ҷȰøϿ뿪ҿԵʲô鶼ûз򡭡
˼Ҳǵ㵽ΪֹȻ׾ʵ
˭һȻô˵ԼĸףҪɱԼĸأ
ΪһŮ˼Ҳһɱ죡
ôߣãգͼңһҶˣҲʡȥhԺһˣ
ʵ֮ǰЩģһ˼֪飬ʱһļһ˼ҵĻԼ֮ݣ
һ˴ˣʱֻҪĨɱˣhԺҲ˵ʲô
ϾңǿǴ
κһɹˣնɱ˼ϣһⶼûеġ
ݣ
˼Ͽŭһ
ĹһЦݣ˭ˣɱǣʱǱ˵㣬㻹֪ҵݣүĵֶӣʥ֪飬ʱҲһͨѡ
𣿡
һŭ˳
ĻΪǻ˵˵ǣǱǣţɱ
⻰֮ȴûһ˸Ҷ
ΪǶŻ˼˵ʵǱŻյ˵ġ
Щʿǿɶǿ˻յ󣬵ʥϺɶأ
ʱɵҲóʥĶŭˣ
ĿЩ˾ȻЩܻ˵ǡ
꣡
һžıص뻮һĹ
˿̣ĵǰͬʱ¹
пһ£ȵһλͷʱȴֵʥϾȻվԼ
ͨһ
Ĺ׵ĵ˶ͷһ˿ϸ
˵ȫ£
ЩŭģӶôһŪ
ȻԼֶӣĿҲӷɣ
Ѿ֪ʥҪƹˣʱôҲû뵽ԼֶӾȻ쵽ĳ̶ȣ
һ£
˳ƹֻʣһ˵ȹ·
ﰡ
Ҳǹ˿ЩҴ˼
Ӷ׵֪ѾһʵķԾ֪Լǲ𵱽ʥϣ
ղǸɵӾȻ˵ʥҪԼ棿
ԼҪ棡
ĿӣʿˮȻʥϣյܱ֪ƹͼ
סڣ
ŭһһеĹʥ϶ѾǿһȻ֪ܵ˵յʲôܱ
׻ǰȻĵޣֻһ䣬޵ĴףĴף

ɫɷףΪѾо˶ʥϵŭ
ӳ¾͵֪Ķ
壬ҡҿֶӰֱӹųӵķ˹ȥӵĴɪɪ
䣡
ֱһȭĵĵﴦȻһȭ
˲䣡
ĵĵѾǱ˸󶴣ڿб˿
һȭ㿴óӵķŭ
ΪһĻԩ
һҾô㶵ĿǰһУƺûôع
ԭΪʥϻˣҲǻĵģϾͬΪѪĸӵֶӰ
û뵽ʥϻδڣѾǴˣ
ʵϣĿԱסģӻŬһ£
òףʱĿ¾ˣ
ƺδ鵱£Ż¶һ˿Цݵƹˣ




1778ƹְ
 

մ˿ӯ
û뵽ͷʥϾȻˣ
û뵽ǣʥϾȻǸԼŮһģ
տף˵գμ£
ƹһɣ
ƹĴ£˿֮ڣ˿̻շ򸾵ɫѾǱúúܶˡ
˼ϿףһεĹŮ˼ϣлʥϾŮĸ
ﲻؿ³ЩҲǷǳ飡׳
ڣ
ЩΡΡվǶ˶ˡ
ȻݣȴҲҴ׽ӷͬԺپ͵飬ɾˣ
׿ӣʵ֪֮ҲһӰ죡
ı
׿ӵϣʱҲԲ
ܶ˶ǿ˳ԷģһΪĿˣҲЧµġ
һЩ˿˭Ҳˣ
Ȼͣ׳Ҵ׾
ƹںδְ
׵һ䣬һεĿ˻Цʵƺղŵ鲢δӰ쵽׵飡
տһӣȻ̸ְ֮ʥܹҵһ·ﳼѾǸмˣ
³ʱѾ˵ˣǰ֮һʹ˵㻰ģ׳
ԸΪЧң
մ˿ôģʵҲ֪ǰλʥػ
ͳ֮ǰŹô֮ˣͿˡ
˿̣Ҳ׾ģȻˣ
Цŵãֵ֮ʣƹŮҲԵ֣ϣƹҪʧźð
Ȼñʧյϥ¹򣬳
΢΢ͷȻ崳ǳͼıѾ޾͵Ŀǰ崳ǳһְȱ֪ƹܷ񵣴ΰ
崳ǳ
ҲһȻҲ֪崳ڴĵλ
ʵ崳һӵĵطˮǷǳġ
˵һ˶Ҫȥķ֮أ
û뵽ڵʥϾȻҪԼǰȥûһӶ֪˵ʲôˣ
΢΢ͷhԺ̸ףԺhԺѧҴףǱҪҴ׵ĹأǫhԺκҴףȻҪҴ׵Ĺأ
࣡
˵⼸仰оһĲ˼飡
ССʸhԺ̸ʸأ
յּɳǰ崳ְ
΢΢ͷãиƹȥ崳ǰɣع
˵꣬״һ˵뿪ƹ
崳ǳ֮λˣ״˿Ҳûʲô̫飡
ûȥоһ֮ǰӷҶеõһöʯͷء
׵ȥıӰ
Ҳ㶵˵ʥ׽͸˼ϣѾͷôʥϡ
˼ϿԼϵҲʼ״ˣʵҡҲګhԺʥ·֪ģ
hԺô˵ʥ֮ǰ˵ĶˣhԺȻһССӣ
տŻ˼ϣҲ͸һɲ˼ı飡
״ˣ˵ܶţġ
˵꣬˼Ͼͽ֮ǰԼګhԺ˵һ飡
˿̣
ȫһ͵״̬һԵҲǲϵſˮ·ԼŮղ˵Щ
һɱʥǿߣʥԱߵλôҵĹԹԡ
ŵҲԼԴû뵽ʥϾȻ˵ţ
˼΢΢ͷǰʥϴɱķԺòЭˣӦҸղ˵Щ
ǴҪ˰ҲڿЩʥɫˣĴףʥϣ
յĹҲ͸һӵĺ
ĵľܹǲ۸ǣ
ĻѾǼᶨ˸׵ģ֪׽崳ǽԼǾǶԼһΰ
һ뵽ʥĪʵͿֲԴе׳־Ҳǽȼ
鿴ŻյӣҲǳʥϴҵȲҵҲܹʥϵһƬȭȭ֮İ
ģȥ崳ǣҶȻ߾ȫӯ׹⣬Ϊս
ճһ˿ĺү崳ǵĳ
ԼĸĸһƬЦݣ˼ҲǸӼᶨԼѡ
ղ֪ǣΪһε¼׵ŽҲﵽһµĸ߶ȣ
ܶԭã൳ǩĽ죬һεıã
ףгڶף
ūhԺ¼ϵɢԭЩ½׻Щ뷨ˣ׵û뷨
ܱ߸ǰϵĴʹҲѾɳʹڣҪ
˶׾֮⣬˿ڴ׻ʹĺǱţ




1779ͻƣڣ
 

׻ʹĺ
˿ֻ̣֮һվ˶䳡֮ϣ
һĿǿܲͨԼõ̺ʯͷһ𾳽磡
ɾڣվһЩ
ʵҲ֪ΣķֻвϵǿԼܹ֤Χ˵İȫ
ԼʵָԼٻض֪ˣ
ԼʵǿᣬҲѾ֪˶ٻˡ
ɽ磬վĻǵĸʵ
ģ˵죬кأ
ʦ磬ʯͷӦģ̺ŵȻرĶ࣬Ҳ²Ӧÿųһ£
鿴׳Ҳϣ׾Լʵ
Ѿ𼶱ǿߣֻһˣǲôգ
ȻڻûٵѣԺأ
Ժ˵׼飡
˵ҪȥǸʳ֪жٵļڵȴǣ
ʵ˵ǿᣬջǱ
Ҫǵɻʾﵽɵ۵ĲεĻҲ˲ǣ
˵ף۳Ϊʵ
׿⾳ƺɽĹϵǺܴ󰡣
ǰҵĲ²⣬ͻɵ۲ΣʦڵҪͻƣҪѰҸйصĶ
ҲƵ˵֮ôѰҵģ
Ȼ˵׵죬ɽûжþ͵õһйصʯͷ
վĸԺأ
ÿһͻƣǶҪ㹻֧ţ
ҪǣԽǵҪӦԽԽţ
ֻܹһһˣ
ҲüͷȲˣԿܲͻƵ𼶱ɣ
أ
һʯͷѾǱ˵ϣܿʯͷֻĸ׵ĸǰ
鸺Ϊ׻ȻҲ֪ʲôһأ
ϥ˵ϱŷһɫ
ǳɫϵĻף˿
һϸ
ǿʯͷ֮лϸĸ򣬻ĺѷ
ɽ֮˵ȥǳĲ
ȴһʳ֮ζ֮ϧζ棬֮ѪҪ֮ǲܵ飡
ӵѪھûеõһ̶ȵǰ£Ҫ֮ҲûκεĿԣ
һ˶Ϊˮػߣǽǿߵָ
ܹó򵥵֮Ȼǿߵ֮Ტۣ
ɽ磬ѾǶһĵĴڣ
ٳΪΪû㹻ʱ䷨Ϳռ䷨Ƭû֮
ڳҲֻܹһͼĴڣ
ȵʲôʱ֮ĻǵʱſԳ֮Ϊһ۲۵
ǹϸĳ׵Ŀн룬ıգ
飡
һž׵ӷ·ܵʲôһ㣬ϵķƵ
ϴӣ
׿ȥǳо飬ʵյĿ궼ǵ
Ȼ˵ĻҪľǽ뵤֮У
յٶʵ̫̫ˣ
һʱʱһ졢졭
׾۾һֱǽţһֱѭ֮У
׵ĵڣ
һһɵϵĳˢڱڣƺҪ˺һ㣡
䣡
һڵķ򴫳Ҳüͷڵķ
֮򣿡
û뵽ʱȻһεʹó֮
һƬ֮У׷·һ㣡
ԭ׵Щŵһ˿˿̾Ǳʲôǿһ㣡
һԵȫ׵ڿ񱼶ȥ
໣
ƺܲǵȾſʹ࣬˶ͷȫǺ飡

ŭһǵĺһ㣬Ȼıѿ
֮У
ɫһĨεǣܿһĨɫĳ֮У
ģ֮ƺһָսһ㣬ǳɫɫһεɣ
ڴʱ
Ҳۿɼٶȿٵţ֮ܿеĳɫŵں϶ʧˣ
˫
׵͸һϲ֮ɫΪԸо֮ǰҪǿ˲٣
ʦ磬ϲ𾳽磡
鿴ףҲ¶һ˿΢Ц𼶱˵Ѿǽһˡ
һεͻҲŷ֣ԭⵤﾹȻѳֲ֮ǰͻ޹׳
ҸղŹ۲һʦƺֻһﰡ
Ҳüʵǵһ˵
٣һⵤ֮ڻһֻԼܹܵõɣ
飬Ҳֻܹ˵˵
ͷڿʦͻƵ֢ҲҵˣԭǵĻֻͻһȻͻƣ
׵ͷţ¿˵İͻһȻͻ˰µʱ䣬һ˫ҲӦóˣ




1780Σ
 

ܻʳܳǣ
ܳǴܻʳĳʵ̫ңԶһЩ
׵˵ʵĹҲͿԸϵˣ
Ȼ˵·;ңԶ˫ȴжۣ
Ͼ˼ӣ
ʦ磬ǲ˵hԺǸԺһȹǲǡ
鿴ʵ׵ľֱִеġ
Цŵǿ϶ҪģżʲôǾڴܳǣʱǵȲǣȻҲֱӹˣοƹŸˣŴ˿ӦҲյϢˣ
ֲءЦЦȻʦ磬ȥﰡ
Ȼȥˣ˫
׻ͷ˿˫ֻ˫˿̲֪Щʲôȥ˼صġ
ʥϣң˫׵ʵ
װڰֵܳǣͱʥʥϵĺˣֱӺֹӼɣ
ǣӣ
˫Ҳǹֵ׾Ĺǣ
Ѿ˳˫hѧԺѾǵְˣȻڻûκεְλ
˫ȴʮֵ̤ʵΪЩǼʶʲô
ǵҩ͸ҪǮһµĹ˫ȻͻƵļˣ
ǰٶȥĻòһʱ䣬ͻ𾳽綼ָտɴˡ
ҪܹͻƵ𾳽Ļ˫ĸɶһˡ
һ·ϸ·Ҳһֱû㣬֮ǰ˵Ǽ顭
׿˫ʵȻӦ˫ֻ֪һŶѣ
ĵʲô飬ǲ֪
ӣʵҡԭǴܻʳǲһ壬ֻϧҵˣһشܳǵʱҸ״Ѿҵ峤ǧٿף졭
˫һҲ֪ʲôط˵𣬿֪Ѿձɽˣ
ֻǾԼĸȴһֱûиԼ˵
ܹܵĳԼ׵ѹҲ֪һεΣʯйأ
ھôǷµʯǷ˶ٵʯ
˫ûҲΪʲôʱ״ӦԼ֮ԥľѡ˸׵һԭ
ΪԼļ˶ˣԼʵٸܹôأ
װڰֵţǻȥ˵ɣЩ۳Ͷ٣ҲҸطŲǣ
ǼҾڳϲԶһ͵ˣֻǹӲҪźá
Ҫ˵һԻ͵ʱҵĸլڴܻʳȻ㲻ǰμģҲǺܲˡ
˫үүڵǿߣڴܳҲͷĴڣ
ֻ˫ĸ׳ٳٶûͻ𼶱Ҳϵ˥ܣ
ɽ̭ǷǳĲпģ
һҪʢ˥ûκεţΨһһҪǿʵ
𼶱ɾȻһǧˣ
ܳǣҸլſڣ
С㡭
˫ͻȻ֣ſڵһҲɫؿ˫
壬ô˰
˫ǰֵߣҲǳһʵ
ֽǵ˫үүҵĵλҲǷǳĸߣ
ֻʵ峤ٷʵҲ࣬ʼûͻ𼶱
һҵλ֮ˣû뵽˿֮ˣȥ꣡
ʵɾ۷ǿߣѾʵһɹˡ
ֻɹɲƾһ˾ͿԿٵģģȫһ
ߴˮʹ
ڴܳǴϰ˵Ļ˭Ը⵽ȥһɹأ
΢΢鴤һµҷҲλǣ
׹Цŵףλʦ飬ѣ
ӦǴСͬˣӭӭ峤£һ峤ˣȥ֪ͨ峤ˣ
ƺڱһЩʲô֮еһ˿ȴҲûܹӹ׵۾
ֻ˫ƺʮֵΣЦŵ壬ҴֹȥƫȺ״˰ɣ
С㣬߻һЩʯҪȻλȥζȥԵ㶫
˫ЩѯʵĿǣƺ̫Ը˫صԼļУ
˫Цŵ壬Ҷſˣȥʲôζ˵ˣζԤλð
ζ
ʵϾǺ֮ǰӴǸζһרɽʳĵġ
˵Ǿǿ¥ģ
ʮг״Ԫ
ζζҵеٮٮߣһɽ֮ʲôӦɶģҲǻѡеһЩģ
Ͼζζɶǳʯĵط
˲ӣȻǣ˵ɽ֮˺ӵĳ̶ȣ֮֮й֮޲
ԥһС㣬ʵ֣ҵ峤֣ң
֣
˫һĻɫһӾͱˣ
һЦӣ׵Ҳǿó֣Ȼʲôˣ




1781޳֣ܵ
 

ſڣ
Ǳߣµľ˫嶯
֣ҵǰԿ֣ҵҾǴүһ
Եɻô˫ĸҹ峤ʱʼ˵
ʱҹΪͻ𾳽磬֣һԪȻƷԪɼ۸ȴǳĲƣ
Ѿձɽ㾡ȫŹһĵҩ
ɾһŵҩȴҸ˼ΪصĴۣ
ҹͻʧܣԼŵҩǼٵģٶûа취ȥ˵ˣ
Ϊܻʳɽ綼ǳĵҩô׵ľأ
˫ӵ֪Լĸ뵤ҩһ̣һֱΪΣ
ֹ֣ʲô
˫ɫǷǳĺÿ
̾һС㣬ӦҲȥ峤ǱߵĻҸǣҽɡ
壬зִģ
˫ң׺Ǹں棬ϵûʲô̫صı飡
˵ܹʯ鶼飡
ҵһͥԺڣﻨ㣬ɫˣ
˵ģ׾ɽʲôطȷҪҪ̫ˡ
һͥԺǷ϶ںˡ
ֻɽ磬ֵطƺϡƽ
С㣬λӣʾ⼸£ȻС㣬ѾˣЩʵ֪ҲΪ峤һֱܵԭʵҲ֪
״ǲϣҷЩɣ壬ʵкܶҶ
˫ֲɵӣЩǱ˲˵ѲͿ
΢΢һ̾С㣬Դһι֣ҵĵҩ֮Ҿ鷳֮У
֪֮ǰ˵Ƿ֣ʮƷʯǰɣ
˫ʮƷʯ۶˭˵һʾ޿ˣ
ܻʳĴ壬ʮƷʯҲһʲƵĿ
һС㣬֪ˣ
˫΢΢ͷڴܳѾǷзȻ˲ڳǫhԺ泯Ȩɣ
Ҳǣɽ֮Ув͸ǽأ΢΢ҡͷ
˫ĸ״һ˵ˣѾʮƷʯ֣˰
Ϊ˴ʯ֣ң˵Ҽеһ鶼ѾǵѺ˳ȥ
˵ʯһڻϵĻҵķؿɾûˡ
֣޳ܰ
һ̣˵һʵ
˫壬⵽ô°һѹǰҶɹѹصģ
λֹˡϷªţǴܻʳ֮УƺҲûֵļڳС
Ȼʵһ㣬Ƕָܳƣ
ȻûˣɶȴǳҲΪˣŸо֣
ѽ壬⡭λǴܻʳ֮ˣǡ
˫ҪͣȴԸⱩ¶ݣһҲЩˡ
˫Ǳ¶ݿ֮Ҳϣ
ΪһĴڣڴܻʳĳ˲κε˻
һССʵǺ˴ܳЩķۣ
΢΢һ̾ˣֹӹҲǺ⣡λĺѰæλĺĳ峤ллˣ
Цŵ岻ؿȻҴӦС㣬ȻһĭһڶˣʵڰﲻæҲʵ嵫˵޷
΢΢ͷС֮ǰ˵ʵǶԵģ֮ǰ峤֣ҵǿŵҩ֣ҿʮƷʯҵʱܹóҲǶʮƷʯǷʮƷʯ
ǷĲѾ𣿡
׵üͷ΢΢Щֹ⻹˲ˣ
ЦһҪĻǾͺˣղ˵֣֮޳ܣǾ޳طҴʮƷʯǵʱǾȻ˵ҪϢ
Ϣ֮ǰ״ûи֣˵𣿡
˫ɴ۾ʵƺһ˼飡
ʵɽ֮УϢһʻĺ˵
ΪһĽ׶ֻףǷծĻǲ࣬ɹ֮⻹ԱȽ׼ģ
ֻǼǷ˱˵ʯֻҪԼڼڻϣҲûģ
ʱ֣Ҿ˵ʮƷʯԹһӻɵʱû˵ҪϢ
壬ҪٵϢ
˫ƣϢĻǿԽܵġ
ʵղҲڿţǳ͸͸û뵽С㣡ҲǱ֣ҵ峤ˣǾȻҪʮƷʯϢ
٣ʮƷʯ⡭ҲŹȥһʱɣһʱ䷭һ
˫ĿɿڴԭŵȻ˵֣޳ܣ֣ҿ϶ʱҪһƷʯ
һƷʯ˫жѾһʾ޿ˣ
˫΢΢һ̾ڻ˵㣿οСֲǲ֪֣ҵıǿǴܻʳĴ֮һĽҳİ΢ᣬ׵ﰡ




1782εĻ
 

ס
һҲ˸ţ޳ܵģûмô޳ܵİ
з
Ȼ֣ʨӴ󿪿ڣȻͼˣ
ֻǵ˵ĽڱʱûһЦˣ
Цʵ壬ֻ֣ҪʯĻҲɸ峤ɣҿǵĿӦԶֹڴ˰ɣ
ֹӹȻϻۣ֣֪ʱòôʯһΪ޳ܵҪ󣡡
Ĵ˿ؿҲЩȥĲᣡ
˫֣ҼȻ޳ܣǡҲ״Ӧģ˵ϢپͶˣô˵Ļپ͸٣
С㣬ЩǽʵģǴܻʳĴĻΪ֣ҵ˸ҸϢ𣿡
ҲݸһЦ˫Ȼ츳ʻЩһϲͨĸо
һ֪ĸоֹӵȷҪǼҴС첻ٰ
˫ɫһ죬׵ӣǡô찡
΢΢ֵ֣ҵҪ˵֢ҩ
һ˿ƺӵԸ׽ˣֹӣǼҴСȻͬӦҲ֪ǴСګhԺ֮УҲǰģ
ʮʵܲ츳Ҳ
׸һȽпϵۣʵϣ˫һ֮ģ
˫ҧҧԼ촽ԭԼǺŵģ
Դһȥ˫hԺķԺ֮һӾͲˡ
ֹӼȻ֪֣ҵ˻᲻֪֣ҲǫhԺѧֻûнȥ
ף˼һӾˣ
ȻҺ֣һĺܲңһĺܺã
ʮӶʮ˫츳ʱʲôǲ֪ء
ڿ֣Ӧǰ˫ˣ
׿һ֪ˣҪȻɣȥһҵ峤
򲻿ɣ
һһﾹȻСһĳ嶯Ҳһ
ȻҲǳ֣֮ˣ֣ڱϾҵծ
һҪŭ֣֮˵Ļǵʱɾ鷳ˣ
һ²һ£
峤취֣֮˵ɣ
˫Ҹֹӵ뷨һģ˾һǺαҪ֣ίȫأ
˫ӣС㣬򲻿ɣԲܹȥ峤ǱߣҾҪ뵽֮˰
壬ˣһ˵ţ˫
̾һе𣿺֣
׿¶һ˿΢ЦҪһķ𣿼Ȼ֣ȣȻҲˡ߰ɡ
󵨣
û뵽׾ȻҲôľǿŭһѾ׵ĸǰ
˫һ֣Ȼ֪ҪĶ˵Ļǵùָ
С󣬻͸Ůһ㣬ŮҪ׵֣
ҲҪܵ˺ȻҲ֪˺ĿԲ
˫Щ˵壬Ӧ֪ҵԸ㲻ȥĻұضѪ岽ҲԲ֣֮ҵͷϣ
С㣬⡭ǺοأСƢ峤һް
Ȼ̾Ѿǻƿˣ
˫Ȼ֪ôȥĻ˫пʲôɵ³
˫ΨһϣĳʲôĻǵʱԼǳΪҵ
ĲҲҪģ
ȻҲ֪˫ɱĿӦҲ󣬿һأ
˵ˣʵ˫ҲŸϵϵշչһ¶Ҫ˫ġ
Ȼ˵ĻҲֻܹһֻ۱һֻˣ
Ҳҿ֮ǰԼſ˴С㣬Ļ˫Ѿȥ˿֮ˡ
лл壡
˫һĨĿ⣬ʵڰϣǷ׵ϣ
ĪģľګhԺնɱʥ׸
ż˳һķ˹ȥҲƵ̾һ
ԥһ֮ҲǸ˵ķ򼲳۶ȥ
ֻܹϣ֣ҵܹķˣ֣ҵĻˣ
ԼҲţ
һȽϵɻǾ˫ļһ
˵ʲôͷ֪
ԼС㵽˰æң
ȷı˸õĻ⻹пܳΪѹҵһˣ
˿̵һڣȴҲԵЩţ




1783ҵ
 

һ
峤ҹĽѩڻ֮λ
ǵһ࣬һˣǸ׻ȥĴߣ
Ǹ˱Ǵܻʳ֣ҵ峤֣
֣·ŵı֣ҵλ֣ǹȻΪѹţ
峤ҪôóʮƷʯҪôʮƷʯҾ͵ʱƸˣĵߣҲ֣ĵߣ
֣ʼմһ˿ЦݣȥȴЩͱˣ
ҹ򸾵ɫ൱ѿ˫ΨһŮǫhѧԺǰʮĴڣ
˵䲻ģĴĵϵҲϵģ
֣ȻڴСվǸҲ֣
ֻΪҼҵ䣬Ϊ֣ǵĵҩΪҡ
ҹԼͻƲ֮ѾǰϣԼŮϣ
֣ҪȢԼŮȻ֪֣ҵĿˡ
޳ȥŮóȥˮʱԼ嶼Ҫ֣Ҹ̲ˡ
֣ҹȻǴһֺư
峤ʮƷʯѾ˫ַϣ֮ǰ̸õļǮǾǮۣҹܴӦģ
ҹЦһѾǽ˽ʱʱ䣡
ûκεɿڣ
֣Цһ峤ʯɲ֣ҪģĽҪġĽҵӦ֪ĽҵĹذɣʱ֣һϵĻֻܹĽҵ峤̸ˣ
㡭ֻвˣ
ҹֱ£ûκεİ취
ԼϵڵʱĽҲһԽĴɽ͸ˣ
Ǳĺܣ
״ˡĸ״ˡ
ҹŭʱһѾǴ˽
˫Żķܶȥ׺Ǹ
˫
ҹĽѩ˶վеһĨ˼Ա
ҹüͷû뵽ʱԼŮˣ
״ˣһˣ
˫Ҳûй˵֮ʻ֣ķһۣ
ֻȥǳˣ
ҹ˫úõĴګhԺܻʲô
˫Ϭһͨո㣬ͻˣҸ˫Եע˰
֣˫ҲǴһɳİռ֮ζ
֣Ѳɲ֪˫
Ϊ֪˫ګhѧԺĳɾͣԲôһУ
ڻѾǳɹˣҹǿ֮ĩӲȥѾǼֲ˶ˡ
˫֣Цһ֣֣һ޳Сˣ
ߣҴС㾹ڮ֣ң
֣Աߣһ߻˫ۣƶȻһ䣡
ƺ˲併˼ȣ̲סĴһ
֣裬֣ҵĶϣڼʵ
֣һλ𼶱ǿߣ峤ʹ֮⣬ǾҪ֣ˡ
Ҳѹ֣ˣΪĿǰʵǿˣҲɾڣ
𼶱ǿ߿ֱһ
ǡ
˫һ֣跢ŭҲǺã
ֲûпɽԼʥϺǾĿɽ
Щ޼ɵ
˫ݵ񣡡
ҹһһֱû˵֣趯ŭˣҲЩп಻
ԼŮǸ֣һ
ҿС˵ĵǲ޳С֣ңҶЩ佱ˣ
ߵ˫ĸǰŶ淢ŭ֣Цһ
úúãõúܣ峤ĵҪ֣ҹȥ˰
֣ϵҲ֣ͦģ
֣ԭЦѾǽЦһǺˣ
˭ҪҪҵˣԹˣ
Ϊİ˫˴Ҽˣ
˵˵⻰ҲûдӽԺҲǴ׵һˡ
ֵ֮ʣ͸ղ۲һǰҹ֮ǰʵǲ
˶Ҫǰɣϣԭһǲ߶ֵģϾҸ֣Ҹıˣ
֣͸һɱ⣬ɲǰ֮˭
ܻʳţɶʶģȻԺ֮У
֣峤ʲô˼
ҹҲӲͷƤȥԵ֣λ𼶱ǿ߰
֣һҹȻ峤һֱԸ֣ҴЭ飬⼸֣ңǱ峤ձҪǵƤӲ֣ҵȭͷӲ
Ҷ֣ݹҹ
ҹ֣ĸǰ֣
ϣȽ֪ߵغСٸ̸ҿȽϵĺʣɱۣ
֣δҹ˵꣬ѾǴһ
һԵҹнѣҪĶˣǵʱǿɾͱˣ
ټ˫ͻȻɱһֲһЩסˣ
䣡
ҹԭҪֹһ£ɾʱ֣ʶѾǰΧ




1784±֣Ҷ
 

Űѹ޼ɵɨˣ
֣迴ǰļˣҲ¶һ˿Цݣ
ʵϣΪҹͷ
ղһ֣֮֮ͨܿҹ˼
˫ûҸײǵǹ֮ϣ
ø֣֮һֵɣ
̲ң֣ҪĽ
ͷѾˣ֣ȻҲ˼ɣ
Ƕ˵ȥĻҲ˰Ҫɱ֣֮ˣοǰСӿȥô
СӣԺ𷸼
֣迴ףЦݽıĮһѾƿؾĸо
ֻϧһţƴ˷
׿֣裬¶һ˿Ȼɱ㶼ҵ֣
˶
֣û뵽ʱһ컹ôļ
һŭ˲Ϯȫ֮УɫĹѾɣ
˫⡭
ҹͫһ֣һɱУǰ֮κεĻᡣ
ֻҹδ䣬֣Ѿʧ˵ĸǰ
һЦŶѾǳԼ֣裬һҲʧ˵ĸǰ
ҸۡĹ㳡
֣迴һεĳ˹㳡룬Ҳסˣ
ղԼһδ֣СӾѾʧˡ
ԭ֣ҲסˣСӵٶޱȣԼδôʧģ
֣
֣Ƥһڼϲò
Ѿǹܲôˣ
֣ŵǣСıԼһЩΣ
ǱվŵĿĽңĽܻʳĴ֮һλԺաʵǿᣡ
Ǳ𼶱ǿߣڵ֪֣ұĽҵ£Ҳֻܹˡ
ɽ֮УЩʱȵĲʵ
ոոϵߣֻǵ׼ʱȴѾǶˡ
׺֣һһҷֱڹ㳡ĶҲһ
֣裡
֣ĸ֣𼶱ǿ߰
仰Ĺ֣ѾҪˣ
֮У׵ΰȻڶֻѾǽؿʼȥ
ˣ
׵Ʋϵ˿֣̾վδ֮ʣһɫѾǳ֣輲۶ȥ
ƿ֮쳹ң
һûеȴֱӳˣ
ȭ
ĿһȣȭӰ˷ʼ֣ķϮȥ
ʶѹ
֣辪ķ֣Լʶ޷׵λã
෴ģǼһʶƺʼԼԼҪΰûκεĽ
ǿƣѲһﾹȻҲ𼶱ǿߣ
֣֮пһ£ôҲû뵽ԼˣȻһ
𼶱
֣ôҲû뵽ȥļһȻ𼶱ĸ֣
ֻǵȵ֪һ̣Ѿˣ
顭
쳹ҵϿգһȭһȭʵʵڵĺ֣֮ϣ
˿̵֣Ǳľżһ׸
ϣôְ
֣ɵˣȫû뵽һսһߵս
峤⡭˺ǿ
һ˵֣ҵϣʵɾ۷ѣ
֣
֣ʿˮȫû뵽һ
ԭΪϳһж㶨ġ
ڿԼƺҵĶư֣Լأ
䣡
֮У֣ƺѾЩŤ׸ûκֵ˼
ոͻڵʵڲϵӦԼʵ
иһʱһֶоЩԲסԼ
֣һԵѾǷ˲ԾѾȻĳſڵķ򼲳۶ȥ
׺ȻȻߣǲûȥ׷Ĵ㣡
ˮڣ
׵İʹȻʲô֣ҰĽҵأ
ۣ
֣ôҲû뵽ԼĽֻ˵ıң
һѪˮѾ
˿̵֣ͷɢȥǵ˼㣡
簡
֣ôҲû뵽ԼһңѾ˰ˡ
λɣסְ
׼նɱ֣֮ʣҹͬʱ˿ڣ
֣ҵĶҪҵĻǾǲݵľ氡
ȻҲĿɿڴĿǰһУ˶ûзӦĹ֣Ѿֻʣһˣ
ͣסԼȭͷСһĽ֣
¡
֣˵棬˿ɥ֮Ȯһ㣬ſڵϣдųƵĴ
ֹӣסְ֣Ҫңʱǻ¡
ףг˼У
ղԼ̫ʲôֹӣ˼һγѾǾˡ
׿˿˫Ȼתͷҹ˵޷СϼҴԻỤλȫ
˿ֻ̣ҹһȦĿףƺѹҲ֪һﵽ˵ɶ
˫˵˳ҲǳԼ׵ķ˹ȥ
ľԼĸһ֧ľġ
ֻ뷨ƺЩ̫ˡ




1785Ż˵ҹ
 


ҹƺϤ
һ֣ҹɫЩ̫ÿ
һܸɶ
ʥҪ֣ǱĽҶԿǲܵ飡
֣˿͸һӵĵ֮ɫû뵽ǰ֮˾Ȼ˵
˵ʲôʱҲһ֪֣Ǵܻʳļ壬һССȻҡ
ǣʱ򻹸Ҹ˵
Цһδҹ˷ӦĹһҵϢѾ
䣡
գ֮䣡
֣Ѿǳ׵ʧ˵ǰƺδֹһ㣡
׳֣ʯ쾪ɴ䣡
֣軹δȷӦѾˣ
˵ʱˣȻвףֱˣ
ʵϣԭûдɱһ
һԭҪɱԼģټƣûеˣ
⡭⡭
ҹ˰Ҳû˵Ȼ
˿̣ɫѾǱɷף
һǱ׵ľٶŻˣ
֣ҵĶϲǼ壬ǸǴĺ󻼰
֣Ѿ뿪֪һὫʲôĳ
һԵףҲЩĿɿڴ˵Щʲô
Ϊ˼ʵǿᰡ
һڵǿ߾ôǵĸǰǾ˵ЩʲôҲ޼£
ֹ֡ӣһ¿Ǵ˴˰
ҹ̾һһȻӣ
׿ҹˣ¶һ˿Цݵ޷޸ղѾ˵ˣȻѾҴȻøλȫ
һԵ˫״ˣⲽأǲ֣ң֣Źǣ
峤ˣС˵ļǣ֣һι˵ҪȢС㣬ʵϾҪ̲ͨңһζãͷǳ֣ҵвͰ
ʵҲⲽأҲ·ˣ
ҹ΢΢һ̾Ȼô˵ǡ
׳峤Ѿ˵ˣ޻ƽġһСС֣޻δ
֣ҵıĽңʥ֪Ľҡ
ҹʵղſ׵˵֣ͣһǲһɵĹ˼ҡ
֣Ȼ£ǱĽأ
ǿһ
ܹλдܻʳĴ֮һĽҵĵ̿Ƿǳۺġ
һҹķĽѩҲǵͷұĽ֮ˣĽҵǲԵɵġܻʳĴˣ֪֣ҳ£ʱԲԹ۵ġ
״ˡĸ״ˣѾһΨʥϲܶɹѹأֺαس־Լأ
˫Լ׺ĸ׵ĻҲȰο˵
̶ֳȣ˵ɶˣ
ҹƵ˵˰
Цŵ겻˵㣬峤ͲҪˣû˵군ҾǺúõģ
׵дһɳȵϢֻҹ˲׵˼
˫ף֪Ӧôźã
ҹʵʥϣĳǡ
״ˣͿǫhԺɽԺĸڣǰǸ˫΢΢һЦ
ԭǵǸɡǡҹףƺֲʡ
׿ҹЦŵ峤ǲǵһ֣ҲᲢۣ
⡭ʥˡ
ҹϽڰ֣Ȼôġ
˼Ѿնɱ֣ҵĶϣ˵Ļ
ʵһУ
ԵʵܹӵоԵĻȨ
ҲΪʲôҹڲҶκβһԭ
Ѿ֣ǱĽңѾľˡ
Ҫ˵ĻǵʱǹԮˡ
׵峤زҴֻ峤ҴǷǳ˽⣬޼Ȼô˵Ȼа취ȫ׼׼ɡ
׼ʲô
ҹףҲЩɵʵ
׳Ȼ׼ǨҴˣҴ³ֵ֮ʣ峤˹ȥȻίΣ
⡭ô죿
ҹ±ˣܻܲ춼δ֪أʥҲ̫˰ɣ
ѲĽҵ˶У
ҹʵ̫ˣ
״ˣʥ˵ˣˣ˫ڶ׳ĺء
ǵȹһ˵ɣá
ҹһȻ˵ڰڣĻ̻̣ûκεģ
ҹ
ҹδ֮ʣԶǿϢᴩҵϿգ֮˵ɫѾǱˣ




1786һϰ
 

һƬֻ֮У
֮У߰˵ӰѾǸ˵ĸǰ
Ϊ֮ҷǳϤ֣峤֣
վ֣ı֣ҵĴ֣书
ǿߵĳ֣һӰ
һҪù˰ղǸһնɱ֣ҵĶϣǲݵľ棡
֣ҿ𼶱ǿ߰һҲûУ
ǰҿǻǸϽ׼·ɣȥҾҪ׵ڴܳǳˣ
ֹ֣ҵıĽңǱɰ
ȿʲô˵ɣҪĻǿҪ˰
֮һƬҰ˭ܿҶԿ֣ԼǱĽأ
˵Ľң֣ǰλǿߣҲһ׿ԶԿİɣ
Ȼ˵ղնɱ֣һĻĿ
ܴùһڵǿΣ
ܻʳԻһ𼶱ǿ߿еĵطأ
֣֣书Աߣ֣ɫĿ£
֣峤
ҹĭһ¶֪ô֣˵ˡ
Ҫ֣軹û˵û̸ȥĿԣ֣ѾǱնɱˣ
һѾûκ̸ȥıҪˣ
֣ɫ࣬ҹҹ֣֣賤Ϻڣ
⡭֣
ҹ˵ЩˣĲ֪ôش֣
֪Ǿ˵ʱˡ
ʵĵԶֹڴˣΪλʥϴ֣֮ˣɻĽ֮˵Ĵڰ
׿ҹ΢΢һЦ峤£
ʥϣ⡭
ҹڳ˵ӵĻ֮⣬ѾûκεķȨˣ
Ǻˣ
֣ףɫΪղѾԼĶ֣˵ˡ
֣賤ϾǱ˸İģ֣賤ϳ׵ʧ˵Ѿˡ
Ŀ罣ЦһѾҴ˴۾ڸղǸͷѾǱ޸Ĩɱˣ
㡭ɱ˶ϣ
֣ȻѾ뵽Ŀԣǵ˵ʱҲˣ
֣ۿףĹﶼһ˿ĺ˾ͺãһССȻҸа壬ձҪͷ峤ϣ
峤ˣʵնɱܣ
֣Աߣ֣书˵
֣ŭɶһԵ֣书ȴԼ侲ͳš
ǰ֮˵նɱ֣ҵĶϣһɹˣ˵˴ʵԲ֮£
ڿһȻı飬и
϶Լ̣
֣ȻҲɵӣ֣书ôһ㣬侲
֣书һԵ֣Ľ֮˺ʱ
Ӧÿˣ
֣ղȥ֪ͨĽң
֣Ľҵ֮һһֱǵĽҵıӻ
֣ҵĶϱնɱȻҪĽҳˣϾǵʵ治һܹνĴԿ
ҹһԵˣг˽ͺ£
Ľ֮˾ҪˣǼǰһڵĸо
һĽҵˣǵʱĻᶼû˰
֣򻺻ת׳㣬Ͷܹȫʬ
Ҹô˵ˣѾʧˣ
֮ǿӲǶ֣֣书֮һķ
Сӵʲộ
֣֮Ѿںˣ֣׵ȻҪĻǾ͹ֲñˣ
֣֮һߣϾϱնɱֱѪ𰡣
һϰɣ
׵˵ֻһ仰Ѿըˣ
ȥСʲôĵ۾ôţ
ֹŰֱɵӰһϣΪԼһĵ۾ţˣ
֪ηʵǿᣬ֣ҵ峤ʹǿɶڵǿ߰
СطģΪԼɱ𣬾Ͳ֪Լʲôˣ
֮׵ĻһĿɿڴ
ܿ㱬һľ֮
֣֣书Ҳסˣǵ뷨ûôļ򵥣
˵˭ʵôǿ
һϣ
Ƽ򵥵ļ֣Ҫ˵Ҫܴİ
Ǵ˵ʵѾǴﵽڣĻôһϿ¶޼£
ɴ˿ȥΪᣬôڵǿأ
֣һ֣ɱӣΪϱ𣡡
䣡
˲䣬ҼǱǿʶˮйͨ
ֻ֣˲δ֣ʵҲЩϾŵЩ̫ˣ
ԼĪĹƺЩֲ£
׿Զ¶һ˿ŹֵЦݵ˰֣ҲӦó˰ɣ




1787Ľ峤Ǹ
 

Ⱥ룡
װȻ˵ĸǰֿԶ͸һӵľ⡣
ʵϣڸո֣ҪֵʱĽ׺ĽѾǸϵߣ
֮ǰ֣֮˵ȥҵʱĵֿǵĶ֮ݣ
ĽұɳĽ׺Ľǰƽ飡
Ľ˵ɳһ峤ѾǷǳĸˡ
ֻĽ׺ĽиոոеߵʱȴһΪε飡
Ϊǿף
ֲ֣أϼĴҲǱ˼Ҹնɱڽ£͸һ֣ҵĶ˼ҵĸǰˡ
ⲻʲôأ
ĽײҪŤͷߣ
һĻ֣ҿ¾ҪڴܳǸˡ
ȻһСС֣ңĽ˵ں
֣ұϾǸĽҵģ˵ĽǴͬˣ֣Ҳǰͬˡ
ֻĽ׵˲֪׾Ȼôÿ죬ìܳˣҲ޷ˡ
ĽԥҪʲôʱѾǶߺˡ
һԵĽпĽʿˮǡǸ峤ô׵ʥϾȻˣ
⡭֪ǻȥһ鷳˵ɣ֣ңư
Ľ̾һ֣ǳ黹ĽҲƨɣ
ʵЩоˬ
Դһ崳ȥ֮ĽڶصĴҲ£
ҵĹ㳡룡
֣֣书ף˶֪һ˵Щʲô
ֻǵ֣֣书һεĻͷʱȴȻˣ
Ľ峤ʮϡ
֣򿴵˵ĵҲһ
ҪìתƵĽҵϣΪоǰЩΣգ
Ͼܹ֣ɱ֮ˣʵѾӹˡ
һʱڵǿߣǿ޶ûеطȥˡ
Ľҵ峤ʱϵҲĵӭȥ
Ľ׺Ľվ˳УһӶ֪ôˡ
ҹĽ׺ĽߵʱĶһ
࣡
ҹʿˮһԵ壬Ľҵˣô죿
˫һԵĽҵҲɣ֣ۣҲá
˫㶮ʲôɽǿʵ˵ģҹ̵
˫ʵ˵ôˣʥϵʵɲ⣬ҲûбҪ£
˵ܹɱһڵǿΣǡĽֲǲ֪ǿӵɻʼǿ߰
ҹһ뵽ɻʼǿߣѾûˡ
ɻʼ
ܻʳҲǿߵĴڣ
˫һɻʼǿߵʱҲƵĿ˿Լĸף
ʵͲȻǣ
Ѿ̶ȣڷĽҾͻŹԼ
ȻҶǸ
ΪʲôվЩ˵ĸǰҡβһȥأ
˫Ĺ۵㣬ʱȥѾûκεôˡ
֣峤ʲô
Ľһ֣ѾǷǳĲˡ
޲ֱӽ֣֮˸ȥźãߣҲΪΣ
ĬĿĽף
Ҳû뵽СӾȻҪĽɳʶĻ˿ѾǴɱˣ
׷ǸĽ׻˵ĽһӣϾǺˡ
֣Ľ׳峤˸ղѾնɱ֣ҵĶϣֱǲ֣ҿУǲĽϼﰡ
ƨ֣ҾͿ֣ңϳĽҸʲôĽҸжĹϵ
ĽƣͷΪԼɵӣ
ղҪֵĻ֣Ͷˣȵǹ
֣һĽ׵ĻҲ̵峤ˡʵɲ⣬ҡҵҲ֮²İ
ǸҲˣԼܹ˭
Ľû˵˵Ļʵ
ҪİλʥϸŭĻĽҵĴߣҲˣ
Ľ峤ʲô˼
֣ԭΪĽһ϶ֱӵͷȰǸʲôĵ۾
ֻû뵽˼һ˵ԼҵĶҲǰ
⵽ͷİ
ʲô˼ҵ˼ڿԹˣĽƵ˵Ȼת΢΢ֵʥϣᣬӦöᰡ֣Ľҵһ壬Ǵˮ
Ŀɿڴ
˶ĿɿڴĿĽף
Ҫ˵Ľ˭ʶôܻʳĴĽҵ峤ǿҪ÷Ҫﰡ
ֻôҲû뵽Ľ峤һǸ֣ҳģǸλνĴʥǸˣ
˼




1788Ȧ֣
 

ϼ壡
˶Ľ׺ĽУǸоһĽ׺ĽоҪˣ
˱ĽŪĿɿڴ
Ľϼ峤Ȼ׵Ǹˣûп
Ǹ׵Ǹˣ̬ȿȥǳĳϿң
ˮ
ѲĽϼ峤֮ǰʥʶģ
ɼˣҲӦĽϼ˸һССĵ۾Ǹɣ
ϼһըˣ
ȥûпɣǿĽϼ峤
ǰȻһССǸδŰ
ҵ۾˰Ǹ׵ĵȥƺЩмӣɽʲôʱôţˣ
ҲͦţİȻܹնɱ𼶱ǿߣ
һ˷һľ֮̾ʵǷһΪϼƺˣ
ϾĵĽϼĻôùĻϼˡ
Щ˳ϼ壬ôϣԼɢأ
һԵҹ򸾺Ŀɿڴ˫ҲǾ°Ͷˡ
ղһӣ·ҪĽϼƴ̬ѾԱˡ
˫Լˣ
û뵽Ľϼ˾Ȼ׵Ǹˣʲôࣿ
˫⡭λ׵ʥϵ˭Ľҵ峤ȻǸˣ
ҹ˫˶ˡ
һԵҲǾ㵵˵ǰ̫˼ˣһΪĽҵ峤Ҫأ⵽ô°
ҹķĽѩһҲ΢΢ҡͷĽ峤ǳƢӲôܻӵأ
˶ǲ⣬˫ô˽еԵأ
΢΢ҡͷҡҲ֪ô£
˵ʵ˫ҲԹ˵ģҲҪ֪⵽ôһ£
ȴд˽֮飡
֮ǰһȵԼĸײԸԼȥϾһ
˿һţҲȲһʥ͸˵ǻʳˣ
Ϊˣ˫еĵǸ
ֻĽϼ峤ͻȻ׵Ǹһƺü򵥶ˡ
֣ҵһԶˣ
֣֣书Ƕ֪׷ʲô飡
ԭǺĽϼ˹ǿΪ˰Щһ鷳İ
ڿȥԼҪƿ֣
Ľϼʲôʱôˣ
֣жҪˣңĲң
֪浽׷ʲô飬ҲǣҲǣ
Ľ׿ףϼ·˹ȥ
׻ǸֶվǱƺڵȴĽ׵ĵ
׿Ľ΢΢һЦǴˮѾ˳Ҵ֣Ҫ̲ңʹͬⲻͬ⣡
ʥ˵ﻰҪ֣ҵˣĽұȻʧڴܳǣ
Ľ׶ݺݵ˵ĽϼҲ˵Ļ
˵һСˣ
ʥϣ崳һգɰã
Ľе̬ȸ˴۾λĽϼʮϣƽʱ˶Ǹ߸ϵ֣
ʲôʱ̬ôù
ɽȴĽе̫õٺˡ
еԭҲֻĽԼףֵֻܹռһ㣬ʵһԭ׸ĽṩЩƷƷ
ĽҲѾǻ˳ֵƷôܹлأ
˵ģ˵׶ĽҵĺôѾеĸܵˡ
Ľгϣ޵ǹĽǷ񰲺ð
׵Ļָ
ϼ峤ʹϺȻʧϼҪﵽĽҵˡ
ĽпҲ΢΢һ̾ʥϣ峤ԭҪԵţû뵽ʥϾȻ˴ܳǣ֪ݿɷпȥĽһ𣿡
ȻȥȰٺҵ˵
׿˿ĽҲ΢΢һЦ
ʥϲͷ֣֮ĽȻƽԺ˭ΪңǱǺĽҹȥ
ĽҲ̵ӿȥЩֺף
׹һЦˣҲҪĽ峤һЩ飬Ľ峤ǣ
һ֮ɫ
˿̣֣֮˸һ±Ƶӣ˿ŶоЩۣ
Ҳ벻һеΪʲô֪Ժҿ²ܹǵˡ
ССȻҪĽҵ峤ǸоһĿ־壡
֣ҵ峤֣ҪȥһĽҵ峤ǶǷǳѵһ飡
˼û֮ǰĽг϶Ѿ˵Ľҵ峤Ҫȥһ棡
ʲôࣿ
֣֮ɥ֮Ȯһ㣬ǵҲϰµġ
һǿ߾Ͳ̸ˣǶ֪ΪʲôǻᱻĽҸͻȻˡ
Ѳһ֣һϲһҪ
Ժ֣ͻ֪Ľ׵ľٶ侮ʯڰ֣ˡ
ŭλ׵۾֣ҷַӾҪڴܳǱˣ




1789Ľ峤
 

ϼĻ
֣֮ѾǻˣϵһĨ֮ɫԱ
˿̵ҹѾǲҲ廰ˣǲ֪ԼŮʶʲôˣ
ֻһĵ۾ҹţ
Ǿ׵ı϶ʲô˲õĴڣ
ѲɽһСС۾ܹĽ֮㣿
ҹ˿־ǣ׸ղŵһ
Ľϼ峤ôܣ
Ľ׺ĽɫЩѿӣҹҲһĳݣ
׵ʥϻЩ˰
ʥϣ²װɣ˴ܳǣôҲȥĽҺȱɣ
ĽЩп಻Լүүʲôݣ
֮ǰصеʱԼүүѯʹ飡
үүԼĽ׻ĺԼүүһŭˣ
ʱһֵĻǿ忴ˡ
ңĽ׿նɱǿߵҲЩǣ
ȻҲԿ϶ЩûдﵽɻʼĲΣ
װڰֵҪĽҵĳˣ
ײǲĽ֮ˣҲҪΪĽҵˣôҪĲĽҵһ̬ȣ
׺ĽҵˣǷˣ
Ľҵ峤Ӧº֪ģ
Ľҵλ峤Ը˵Ļ϶ǰġ
Ľ׿˿ĽУĽгϣȥүү
峤⡭
ĽҲЩǣ֪Ľ峤Ƣһŭλɻʼǿߣʱĺճˣ
׿Ľ΢΢һЦߵűǣ
Ľ׿ףɫЩѿ˵ʥϣôĺӦ֪
ǣĽ峤вˣ
ңֻүүӦ֪˼ҲǸƢˣ
Ľ˵ʵȥĽңʱһЩ
ԼүүңֱǶԼүүǿһ裡
׿Ľ׵˵ϲƢˣ
һʱ䣡
ҵĻһƬƣҹЩп಻
ղ˼ĽѾܸλʥϵˣƫƫʱλʥϵôߵľȻҪĽҵ峤
Ľҵ峤ʲôݣ֪˼ҿɻʼǿ߰
ɻʼǿߣܻʳҲô࣡
ݣĻҲ̫һЩ
ҹĽ׵ӣҲЩƣ
ĽѲʲôѱλ׵ĵ۾У
Ľϼôᱻ˸ǣűأ
ʱһһţƺڵȴĽеĵ
Ʒ֮㣬ȥʮֵĵݣ
峤
ԼĪĹĽЩٵĵߣ
Ľгϣүүô˵ĽҲվдһ˿ǵʵ
峤峤ֱ˵һ֣
ĽҲ𾪲ѣȥ㱨ʱҲǽŲѣϾ峤ǿɻʼǿߣ
һŭĻǵʱ´Ҷûа취ճ
ʵĽеҲϣĽôַˣϾͬˣĽҵõ˲ٵĺô
жĥɱ¿飬ĽлľЩ
ȻҲһķǳĹ֣
ֻû뵽峤ȻӦôˬ죬ûһ˿˿ˮ
һ֣ȥ
ĽеʱҲûзӦĹ峤˵ҲǱ̫鷳
үү˵ļٵģ
ĽҲסˣԼүүӴô꣬Ȼ֪ԼүүƢ
û뵽ԼүүȻˣҲüͷչ˿
Ľкݺݵĵͷģ峤ٹһӦõˣ
ãǾߵүүɣʥϣһ⣿
ĽҲû˵һ£ΪʲôҪŪôأ
ԭĽ׿ԼȥĽңӦ˾ˣ
û뵽м侹Ȼ۶ӣ
ֻǿһĽףδ˵Ľ׻̫һЩ
鿴Զ΢΢һЦʦ磬ˣ
ĵͷȻķ򻺻˹ȥ
ҹǽĸ׵ǵ˵Ǽȵּ
һҪɻʼǿˣϾɻʼǿ߼Ǽġ
ǸӵĵǣĽ峤һŭʱ˲ͻᱻΪƽˣ
Զ
һλ߻ĿȥΪ⣡
λߴʮֵأǸո֪Ľҵ峤ҪĻ˭Ҳһλߵģ
豹棡
λ߸˵һָо
Ľҵ峤Ľ⣡
ɻʼĳǿߣܻʳҲ쵱
үү
Ľ׿ԶѾǵϼ㳡룬ĳ߹ʱҲǼĺ
䣡䣡䣡
һɼǿƻѹˣ
ÿһƺ˵ѹʹһ֣
ɻʼǿߣѹ֮УһĳԲ




1790³ͻ
 

ɻǿߣ
Ҳǵһɽɻʼǿߣֻƺûʲô̫ĸо
ΪʶѾǴﵽɻ۷ĲΣ
ɵۼǿߣܹ״һ˿˿ѹȣ
ɻʼǿߣϻĲô
ֻѹ֮ƺЩڲͬ
һĽ⣬ȻƺҪһ
΢΢һЦȻϾҵӦЩˣ
Ľ׿׺飬Ҳεҡҡͷ
һడ
һ˿Լүүŵò֪ôˣ
˿һɫɷ׵ҹˣŵǣһӦе״̬
׶ĽС
ĽԵЩϣȴ͸һۻ֮
μ峤ˣ
˼ͬʱ¹ȻղĽ׺үү֣ɵʱҲҪһԼүүˣ
Ľ΢΢ֵЩľͲҪˣλСѱǴӴ׶ĵ۾
ޣף
׿Ľ⣬ҲǴһ˿ȡ
һԵ鵹ԵЩνҲ
ǺǣλСѹȻڲͬȻñǰǵɼΣ
ĽϽˣĽи㱨֮²˵ͼ
ȻҲǷǳŭǾǰ
ǿǲĽ׺Ľ˵նɱǿߵ
һССȻұĽǩ֮ˣǺôĵӡ
ȻˣĽ⻹һȽϵɻ
ǾһôôĺöҲǴʹǰһҪԭ
ĽҵʮϣεҲƷ
֮о͸ϳ壡
ǳԼ֮⣬λϻƷĽڿν죡
ֻһжĽҵǰ;ģĽȻвˬˡ
֮ǰҪȥһĵ۾û뵽֮һȻ˴ܳǣ
ĽΨһ뷨ҪûԼ֮ǩ֮ͬԼ
ɵĽп׺һ̣Ҳɻĺܣ
׿Ľ⵭˵Ľ峤ĴҲǾˣһ𣿡
Ҳã
Ľ׳Żķ˹ȥʣµһ˶ЩΣ
Ľ֮⣬֮˶Ǵ棬ȲεĻ棬ƺѾûʸ
Ȼ˶ǺҪȥջ⣡
ڣĸԶ
ײû׵λãʵҲǹ˼Ľӣ
ϾղĽѾռȨˡ
ʥϣ׶˵Ľǩһʲôͬˣ
Ľո£ڵ
׿Ľ΢΢һЦĽ峤Ѿ֪ˣαضһأ
ʥϹȻǹֱӣĽ峤׶Ľҵһ峤ѣʥǩͬˣȴҲĽң
Ľ˼һ㣬ֱף
ЦһĽ峤ĪҪҴ˺֮ͬԼģ
ʥϹȻǴϻ۹ˣ֮ͬԼĽҲ̫洦ʿɴӦףĽ䣡
ĽҲ֪˼ҵĶܵʲô
׹һЦĽ䣿Ľ峤ĳŵ𣿲֮ͬԼѾǩˣĽ峤ΪҵƷƷôƺĽ峤ҲѾҵƷ˰ɣ
ʲδϣʥĽңյϢǿԵİɣ˵ˣǴʥĽ֮ͬԼʿʥϱ֤ϼԻҵĶ棡
ĽǸŵвף
׿ĽĽ峤˼޲ӦϼҪѸˣ
δɣ
Ľ⿴ףĨһ˿Ĺâ
Ϊһλɻʼǿߣô׵ıвأ
һССʵѾﵽʥļʥҪߣ
ĽұϾǻʳĴ壬һ֮˱ȣ
ô˵Ľ׼˺ôȻˣ׵Ƿһ˿Ц
Ľ΢΢һЦĽҿ˴׵۾նɱϼĴϺ峤յڷѣƺҲӦõİɣ
֮ûе̸ˣȻ˵ĻͿͣ
һ˿Ҳŭˣ
Ľһ˺ԼȻǲǷУ˺ԼȻҪĶ
Ⱥ£
Ϳͣʥƺһ飬Լûóأ
Ľ¶һ˿ʤЦݣֻõԼ֮󣬽ɾ˵׼ˡ
ɽ֮Уϣ
ĽôȻҲˣֻΪԼѾƿȫ֣




1791ºνǿƣ
 

һ̣
Ľ״˿ɫҲòȥ֪ԼүүôõƢ
ڿԼүүһͷоҲһⲻˣ
֮ǰԼүү˵ԼʱѡǶԵģһ̾Լ
һ̾Ӱӣ
·ԼľĽҴ˾޴ĳ裡
ҲΪˣڶ֪ӦôˣֻܹĬĬĿţ
ŭģĽĵһ
һҪǶˣǵʱɾ˵׼ˣ
Ľ֮ǰĵһǰĴʥϺǿӵնɱǿߵʵ
ɻȻһΣһأ
Ľ峤޵Ƣ㻹˽⣡
׿ĽӣҲЦһ
ɽ֮ǿΪ׺Ȼ𼶱ʵɼɻʼǿߣҲᷢ
Ϊһս֮
Ľһ㶣׵٣ʥĪҪʶֲɣ
ǣĽ峤Ѿ۸Ҵ׵ͷˣǻ˵ĻҴ׵ͷɻʼǿߣ޵ԸⳢһ£
׵ĻеһĨᶨ֮ɫη壡
ĽһЩ仯˵Ǵʥɵˣ۷ǳĲпᣬ㻹ĳܲ𣡡
޵Ҫôпᷨ
һ̤Ľ¶һ˿Ц
ôˣû˸ҸĽ˵λĵ治С
Ľ¶һ˿ЦݣҲǱһˣ
ԭĽ˵˷ǳǿƣĽ⻹Щ֮ԱǣȻնɱϼĴϣԼʱ򣬾Ȼ㣡
ֻǽĽЩ뷨ƺͳͳ߸һ㣡
˲ԼһλɻʼǿܹǣҪԼ֣
ֱδŵ鰡
ĽڻǾǰ;
ĽңҲḶпĴۣ˭˵׼أ¶һ˿Ц
Ľ⿴ʥϵҪʶ֣
Ϊڸ㿪Ц˼޴ѵ˿Ц㲻޵ѣ
׵Ļ֮͸һĪɱ
һ𼶱֮һɻʼǿߣȻܹ˵ǿƣҲû˭ˣ
үү򲻿ɣ̵ְ
Ľۿ޷ͣҲǼæ
Ľ΢΢һЦʥϣȻ˵ĻǲʤӢΣ
ȻĽ⣬Ҳأ
ʵҲ֪λĽҵ峤ʵĳ
ղĽ̬ȫΪҪѹ
ҲΪʲôղִҪĽ⵽Լԭ
ãͳŴʥϵҲһˣĽӮأ
Ľ֮дһ˿Ϸ֮飡
ԼӮǻǰ϶飿
ЦһĽӮˣȻĽ˵㣡
ĽһֵȻʥ˵ţǱʿɾͿˣĽӮˣǴԺĽҵĴ֮ءڴ׵жǱ㶼ĽС
Ľθʵ̫һЩ
Ҫ֪ϵĶһٸĽҿ¶Ȳϣ
ĽôȻҲǿ׵ļҵӷǳĺʵ
˸ףžȥ
һıԼ̼ĴӦѾֿ˻
ĽѾŵʱĽǲڶٵƷԼƷˡ
ϾһܹóƷ˻Ǻܺġ
üͷһ壬ĽҿǿԼĶֲĽһͱˣôˡ
ĽȴֲΪһԼ֮ڵĻʱ»ǿ죡
ĽνΪ׵ˣ
ϵϽĺܰ
ֻ˭˭Ȧ׻˵׼أ
ȻĽ̬ȣȻҲҪĽҼɫĽ⵱ΪԼ޵ˣ
Ӧ㣬Ľˡ׳һ£
ĽĺƺЩ٣׵ʥϾܿڣǱˣ㿪
ˣ޻Ľһ𣿡ЦһĽ޳ܣˣޱĽң
νǿƣ
״˿ѾǽǿƵ˼ڹ͵쾡£
㡭ֱ
Ľһû뵽˵ôĻȻ֪һ
һﾹȻӦԼҲĽзһ˿ɻ
׿һԵж֣̫󣬻طɣ
ɽһ
ĽЦһѾʧңֻһԵĽѾڵ
һ
ԼүүĶŭˣܾЩ
֮ǰϼĴҲôţأ
ʥûһĺ֣Ļɶ˻
һʱ䣬Ľ׵飡
׺ӰѾʧ˵֮У
Ľ׵ʧ˻֮УĽкһԵҹҲһͷˮ
Ľ׵ĳ֣ƺһɽĺûᡭ




1792¾
 

ҹ㳡֮ϣ
ܶҵӵܿĽ峤ȥҲһ
ԭǿλĵ۾˵Ű裬ҲƵĲУ
һҪǲǣ̫ԩˣ
峤峤ˣ
ĽкĽΪ׽ʻȻҲһͷ
Ľ׵ɫѾñ䣬һ˿Ұ׵Ϣȥɽ
峤ȥȥɽʲô
ĽЩɻĿĽףɽشܳϲ࣬ɲǸʲôȥ
˵ɽƣһҲֻɽΧǻ
һɽڲʱܻܲųǻÿˣ
Ľүүʥû̸£ҪҪһսˣ
ۣ
һԵҹһѪû
һս
һĵ۾Ҫһλɻʼǿ߾һս
ΪԼˣа
峤㡭㲻ῪЦɣ
ĽһԴɽնɱϼĴ֮оһӰ
ȻĽڻΪ峤ܹˣѾû˵
Ϊĵ۾ƺһ漣ĵߣ
ϻ˵ǸϽߣ
ĽҲû˼ߵˣΪղһҪĽңʵ̫һЩ
Ľ׵˵뿪ҹҲһ
ǲҸȥҹϼѾ˵һɲ
췢鶼Ҫȫڶ棡
֮У
ҹɫôѿղŵһĨ˷֮Ѿʧˣȡ֮һأ
˫һ˰Ͻʰʰ׼ߣߵԽԶԽã
ҹ֪ҪѾǲܵˣ
˫ҵϣֻҪţҾϣġ
׸Ľҵ峤һΪ˫뿪ȡһЩʱ䲻ǣ
״ˣ˫¶ĸʥϣ˫ڣ˫
˫ҲǲܣȻǿƣɱϾҪֵɻʼǿߣ
նɱ֣裬Ȼ𺳣
֣Ľǿһ
һٸ֣Ҳ˲ĽһͷȲʵ̫һЩ
˫⺢ôôǿǲΪ㸸׸һ룬ҲΪһɣѾˣ㻹ᣬ㻹лᰡ
һҹķĽѩҲ̾һ
̰
οһѾ֮أɼˣЩʱҲɼ
ǰΣܿͻᱻ壡
ĽѩȻǽˣԼŮȻŲߣжˡ
֪Īĸ
ĽѩȻ֪ԼҵŮʲôԸһ϶ʱһߵڣ
ǴλʥϣȴһĴ
һԵԥһµС㣬Ҿ峤˺ͷ˵ļǣϣ֮ˣߣҲһϵ
壬ʲô˼
˫͸һ˿ķŭ
˫ǴʥϽʤС㵽ʱڻҲٰǴʥĽ峤УǴС㡭
壬˼Ҳʥϣǿ֪һʥΪǵĽҳ׷ңʥϻĽ֮˶𣿡
˫ĿԼĸĸѾ
ȻѾˣҲоκεĿ־壡
ҹƵ̾һû뵽ⲽأ˫Ҳ㣬Լѡ񣡻˵ˣ˵ȷֵ׷ġ
Ľѩк˵ҾҪô𣿿Ǽ˫
˫Լĸĸ״ǲʥϣȴʥϳģ
һĵ۾һλɻʼǿߵĶ𣿰ҿעдһٰ
ҹϳȻ֮ɫ
˫˸һľ⣬Ҳǵͷ״ˣĽʤˣһҷ𡣿ɸ״ûʥӮأǲǻӭһ
ҹҲ¶һ˿ЦȻСִⲻ뿪ȥΣ
ҲǣǸǻǻ㲻ȥƣҲĿ
ҹҧҧκ˶Ҫ֪
ȻҲ֪עˣ֮лǻһ˿ϣ
һأ
ֻҪûȷκ鶼б
˵ӰʧҵĹ㳡֮ϣ׵ĵ˴ܳǵƽ
˭Ҳû뵽һСС۾ܻʳôı
׵ĵҪıĲĳһʳ۳ĸִӴ˶ı䣡
;ֻǸոտʼѣ
˭Ҳ֪һССĵ۾ҫɽ磡
֮ȻҲ֪ǾѾ٣˿Ǿǵȴű̵ͽһ㣡
ζ




1793¶սɻ
 

ɽ࣡
￿ܳǣϡ٣ΧһЩҪ׽һЩ֮⣬ɽڲʲôӰ
ɽ֮Уǿ֮⣬ҲһɼΪǿ
֮䣬廹ռϷ磡
ǿԴǿͬﵽɻʳڵ޺ȱȣٶȡǷҪѹͬڵ֣
֮Уɽǿޱȵޣ
ֻһҲᵽأǽأҲǻûΣ
ɽǺƽʢҲûеˮݵĵز
һЩǿ壬ĵλǷǳĸߵġ
ɽ
Ľһ·ǰƺѰһԾսĵط
ڣһɽ֮ϣĽͣĿ⳯ȥ
׺ƺҪһģܿҲִߣ
ʦ磬Сĵ㣡
ߣüͷҲ΢΢ΪмʶѾɨӵԼߣ
׵ĿҲɨǰüͷɽȻЩͬ
ɻʳ۷ޣ
ʶΪǿֻһɨ֪Ľĳ
ֻĽƺδеĹŹ֣
Ķǰ׺飬Ϊ˲ǵĿ꣡
벶ȸں޵ҲǾĺܣ
׿һλɻʼǿߣǻܹӦ
ڼһλɻʾ޵Ļǵʱ¾ͻˡ
ʦ磬һϼһϻϣ
ǣոͻڣҵҪһɻʾʲôͬ㿴һԵĳֹʲôʣ
׳Ѿǰͷŵˣ
ȻͬΪɻʾǿߣĽȣǲһ
ߣʥĪˣ
Ľ⿴׺վԶֹҲ˵˵ʲô
˵ӣĽȻľΪǺˡ
Ҳ룬ǼȻѾˣµʲôطȥ
Ľ⣬޻֪ôдȻҪһ޵ʵԸ
ˣ
һѾ׵Χɢ
𼶱ǿߣȫҪ֮İ
ԵɻʾǿߣҪԼǿս
黤ţһ̿ˡ
ϾƴĽ⣬ʱҲǳΪ˳вͣ
ʲô⣿
ĽⱻɫĿռ䱻סˣüͷҲȻ֮򵽵Ǹʲô
ֻ֮УоһĲ
ЦһһɳѾǳ׵ı
նɽ
һһѾǰȻĽһߣ
Ʒ
Ľɴ۾еնɽɢߵϢ
һļ¶ԭΪһһЩöġ
û뵽֮еļƷȻУ
Ľһĳȣ
һЦҪûͣ
ĽһЦ𣿹ĽעҪһʺˣ
֮䣬һĹĵ
콣
ĽĿһȣǼƷѾ׵Ķݣ
Ψһ뷨ǾĻףܹõеĶ
һɹɻʾĽɫѸٵĽΧۼ
ԭҰ㵴ɽ˿̱һɼǿĽɫɷϣ
ݣ
ĽɫƷɽѾֶ
Ϲⱬ䣡
׵۾֮УĽǿһĳķɱ

׵Ŀ³һ֣ԭٶȷɿĽ⣬˿̾Ǳǿзٶһ㣡
֮֮У׾ף
һƬռ֮У׿ĲٿʱͿռķ򣬶Ľȴ֪׵ǿ
ʲô⡭һﵽôģ
ĽĿԼƵķɽŻٶȣȴ׵Ķ㿪ԼĹ
ĿɿڴһĲţ
ĽֻԥһһѾ̸ˣ
״˿ҲԵЩ֮Ǿ޴ģ
ʵֵܹʱҲǺܳ
Ͼǿ߲ܹʹóĶɽѾĴڣ
䣡
׵θոȶǿĽѾӰεߣ
Ľ¶һ˿Ц⣬ղűǼһҶһΣһǼһҲûôõĻˣ
ƺϵ˺ſռ䣬֮б
׷Բ֮ڣ˲䱻Ϊƽأ
ߣСС𾳣ƱʣĽ⿴׵ʧҲЦһ
ӦѾǳ׵ıĨɱˣ
Ľ⣬ҲȻ˵ĻǱ㳢޵ĽΣ
ûüˣ׵һεĴ˳
ĽȻǱ׸һôҲû뵽ղԼƴȫһУȻƤëû˵Ǹһ
ôȥģ
ĽҲ




1794¿ֲĴʥ
 

˿̣
Ľ׺Ľе˸ոոϵߣǿ֮ѾǽҲǼæͣס˽Ų
һǱǰҲǲ̫
죬ҹҲߣǾĽ׺Ľĵطһﲻ
ﻹйǳƤ
ΪĵľǽǴ۵۾Ľ峤Уָ군ˡ
Ѿʼˣ
ҹ˸ղѾǸܵһɿֲѹʱ򣬸ղһսѾǽˡ
ҹռ֮е̫ǿңӦѾǽˣû뵽ʥϾȻܹɻʼǿ߿Ⱑ
Ҿ˵ʥϺɣǻţ˫Ҳǳ˼֮ɫ
ҹ̾һŸոտʼ˫ΪɻʼǿôöԸ𣿡
Զ
Ŀ罣ĽҲǳ⣡
ɻʼĹȷǿޱȣ
ҪӲҲǺ
˿Ҳڲ֮أΪ֮ĹϵȫԴݵĶĽĹ
ʨӲȫ
ĽԲܶԼкֵģóնɽ֮ĽѾǺˣ
ջ
Ľ˵ջ
ƷɵۼǿߣҲһּµջˣ
ôȥµĴĻûлˣ
׵жһȶԼжϣ
ɱ
ΨһĻ֮ƣɱǰĽ⣡
һӮϣ
Ȼ飬֪ڻŸΪҪ
ǾǷһԵĳĽǸвĻôһԵĳв
ֻһ
׵Ŀȳһ˿۾Ѿı
ˣ
֮УնɽѾ׵Уı
ƺҪһƬգ
ɪ
֮һĪı׳Ϣڿռ֮ӿ
ֻһ׵ǿѧ
Ҳ׵ɱﵣ
ֲѹѾϯ֮򣬶˿̵ĽҲüͷ
ʲô
Ľгɻһо̫ɻʾܵĸ֪һ˿ΣյϢ
նɽŷһҫ۵Ĺâ漴ʧ
ݣ
һ⻮ƳգٶΪ֮̾Ϣ
ֻһһնֻأ
һ֮䣬ռƺ׵Ľ

֮УһײϵĴ˿ֻһ׵ʾĺ֮
׵Ķͷϲϵ亹ðһʩչֻһ˼е
ӵŴĵҩ´˿Ѿ֧Ųסˡ
ɼˣҲԿԿó׵ɫɷף
Ӱ񱩣
ĽΧĽƴĵֵţ
ֻһֻһʵԷǳǿ
ΨһĿĽĽĵһ̶֮ԼʤҲ͸һˣ
־ıƴ
Ľ⿴ȥΪĳǲϵĵֵնɱĽ
ʥϾȻܹɻǿ˵Ǳ
ҹԶ֮бŰĽҲͷ
һԵҲĿɿڴĿҹ򡭡ֱ漣ôأǴʥϿȥɻʾûдﵽȻԽս⡭̫˼˰
һԵҹӿһϣڿʥϻϣ
˫˵Ҿ֪ʥϲʧģ״ˣһܸ˵Ļ˰ɣʥĺ
һߣ
Ľ׺ĽŵЩ겻壬Ҫ֪Ľ峤ǿɻʼǿ߰
׵Ľѹƣһ˿Ǳӣ
ҪôȥĻǿĽΣˣ
ʥϵǲ˰
ĽһİղһʤˣĽҿɾ군˰
峤峤ôᡭ
Ľ˵ЩˣһǱŵˣԭΪһûκıƴ
෴ķչĽܲأ
Ľʿˮʥϣֲ̫һЩÿһҿĶΪޣÿһȴ˲һĶϣϣүүиýɣ
Ľ׵ͷѾһɲԤУɱһģһѾᵽɤˡ
˾ôճյĿų룬ʱ֮УƺѾһЩʣ
ۣ
ĽƺЩֲ֧סˣ޴ڼϵĵҩȽϵϡ٣һĴ
ʵϣԭĻûôĿ죡
ʹóֻһյ˵Ҳôġ
ɻͻ׵֮Ľ̫죡
Ľƺ˵ֿ֮棬ԲĹѾǸоһĺ
ݣ
Ľ壬ĽͷɢǱӣ˴˿̶ˣ
ҲЩվȵĿĽ⣬͸һȻɱ⣡
ֲ˹
һ̣սһ㣬˵ѣ




1795Ľ˳
 

֮ʧ
ĽڴڵĴŴֱһ̣Ÿоһ˿˿ɣ
ղһƬռ֮УоԼʵܵƲ˵ĵٶȼƽʱļ
Ļͽǰ׸նɱˣ
ĽһֱڶɫĿռ䵽ʲô
Ѿûôʱ˼ˣ
ĽУ˿ѾǾκˣ
һȥƽĴʥϣû뵽Ȼܹŷ˵
ղһоһϢ
Ȼ֪ԼҪ뿪ǰ׸ס
ɸղһ£ȷĽһβһŨҵΣУ
Լˣ
Ľ⣬ˣ
׵ĿУ³˼֣ȥ˿̵Ҳòȥ
ĽĿһԼϵļҲ΢΢һ֪̾ʥôģ
޹أ
׵ñޱȣʵҪĽң
ҪϵǿΪҲ֪ԼҪʲô
һҪǰʳ˵ʱͻʳ
ʱָܻʳ
ܻʳͲʳƴһأ
ʥϣ˵
Ľ׿ԼүүҲǹ˲˼ô࣬ѾǷ˹ȥ
Ľ峤ĽҳΪûа취գޱĽң
׿Ľףƺûκεɿڣ
һԵĽ̾һĽҶڴʥ˵ûκεĺô
ȷûкôȴԸ⿴֮ˣҴײҪҲӭȻ֪ԺǵˣΪҪ֮
ЦһҪĽҵһӰ
ҲֻԺĽҲŻĹ˳
ʥϸղǳʤ׷ĻѾˣʥϲδôʥҲǾĽЩôɣ
Ľ⿴ףҲ͸һӵľ⣡
˵ʵҪܵĻûʲô⣡
ȻˣҲԼôΪģ
׿ĽĽ峤ĽһʱĽǲóһЩĻ޻Ĳϧۣ
ԺĽΪհ
ĽҲһʶʱˣ֪ǲӦ׵ĻĽľ군ˣ
ĽҲûôĵִˣ
֮ǰһΪһССѹĽҵͷϣֱһֳ裡
ڿ˵ǿᣬһҪնɱ
Ҳǳ׵ķˣ
׳ĽܲǨΪҴĽΣ
Ǩ
ĽҲĿ˿ףȥЩԥ
׿Ľ޲Ľ峤ȻĽҼҴףȻҪȥҴ׹ˣ
һԵĽ׿ף˿Ҳһ
׵ʥ֪ĽҵĲҵڴܳǣ뿪˴ܳǵĻĽôĲҵ
ǣĽܲǨףЩҵ޳ͻֲȫǨ룬ǲǨѣ
׿ĽĽһǨףǴ׵ʵһʵķԾ
һλɻʼǿףǶκ˵һ壡
֮ǰĴʥ˱ûˣ
ҴӦǡ
ĽҲһ̾һĽǨףǲ˱
Ҫ֪ĽǴܻʳĴ֮һһССȥоǳĶˣ
Ʊǿ
ĽҲ֪ӦĻԺҪӦҲûлˣ
׳һ޿ûôĽңϣĽҿóһ
⣿Ľóʲôأ
Ľ峤ɵҩɡóһͨĺĵҩĽ΢΢һЦ
⡭ʲôҩ
ĽҲʿˮû뵽׾Ȼô
׿Ľ˵ûκεĺĽұҴףǵʱɵҩȴҲĽ峤Ϊˣ
ʥϣ⡭¡
Ľһߣ۾ɵϴ˶סˣ
ⲻǰԼ˱
׿ĽޱԸ²ߣκĽ峤ȴôĽ峤Ӧ
ҡҴӦ
Ľ⿴ףԥһ±˵
ҪҪֵĻղžͶˣҲڳŵڣ
ˣһγ׵ˣ
һδССĵ۾û뵽Ȼչֳ˿ֲ˹ս
ڼһµĻԼܴɽ֮
ֻĽ⵽Ҳû λʥϵսô˵Ŀֲ
Լһ޵Ľɫռ䣬ʲô⣿
٣û뵽ɻʾǿߣȻԸΪ˵ūţñʴ۽簡
䣡
Զ֮Уһɭ뵽˵ĶУһĲ




1796¼˵ĳ
 

ʣ
Ľɫδû뵽ȻִһϢ
ɽڣһλʼǿߺبУ
Ǻܶ˶֪飬Ϊʲô֮ϣ
ʵϾΪڵž޴棡
嵱겻ϵĲɱǿߣǵڵҲ˵֮һս
Դһս֮ƺϵ͡
Ͼһܾ˵ľ棡
֮Ȼû˴ģսСΧȴһֱûֹͣ
ΪڵջʵЩ
лᣬ֮ƽദڣλǿͻȻ֣Ѳǹֵģ
Ȼǣ
ڵ˵ջǳĴ󣬶ĵҩȵȶ˵Ҳʮ㣡
ɽ֮ϣ
һλźɫ¡ü𷢵վ˵ͷ֮ϣ
ƿȥΪˣ

һǳˣղһֱڹ۲׸Ľս
ǵó˼Ʒ֮󣬳Ӷˡ
Ǹʱǳ֣ʱͻγǿһ֮ս
ȴһˣѾǿ֮ĩˣ
ĿϵЩö
һƷó߶ˣ
Ҫ֪һƷҲǻķˮˡ
еʿ뿪
г޾ɱ⣬뿪²ˣ
Щ뿪ʱ޾ɱ¾
ɲɱ¾֮У
ֻҪ׵İ취õЩһеĺö
û뵽֮л޳֮ͽˡĿ࿴
ЦһղѾǷųˣ
֮в
߿ν֮е࣬ǳĺ
Ҫ֪ҲɻʼʵؾȻܹˣ˵Ĳ
Цһ޳ܣ޳ܣҪǳƵڶ»û˸ҳƵһ
ʥϣʵǳǿ¡
Ľɫɷףղ׵Ĳɱľ
˶һֵĸо
ʱһĳֱ֣Եġ
׿Ľ΢΢ҡͷҶȻĶˣȻǲ֣ܶ
ʥϣѡѲҪ
Ľ¶һ˿ĲᣬϾƷأ
ҪǲȥĻǽǹȥˣ
¶һ˿ааЦݿ׵ٺ٣Сӣʶʱ񣬽ǵϵĴָʴȣȻԷǣߵˣ
Ƕոսȥͳ˰ɣЦһ
һ֮˸Ȼ˵ûһģ
һԵĽ⿴ҲǵͷʥϣֵߣĽҾͽˡ
ǿ֮ĩһ֮ҪĽ⣬Ϊʲʶ㣿ܻʳĴɻΧ˱ʣһɣ̤Ьٴȫѹ򰡣ȻǲϽǱֻȡˡ
˿ҲǷǳļ
ЩеĶ׬һˣ
ʵԭһֱɽԼĵ̣ΧΣʧܶգ
ȻҲϣص壬ֻʵ֮⣬ʲôҲûУ
ȻЩĨɱ˲ĸ֣һЩĶ
أ
һƷûУҪ˵ȥĻԼɻʼݣ
죬һӿôĶȻǼѣ
ĽվҪӢ۵ӣҲ¶˲мЦݣ
һߣ
׿˿Ľ⣬Ĩһ˿ʣ
û뵽ĽʱȻѡ˿
ȻĿûκεı仯⵹׶ЩĿ࿴ˡ
׵Ĳ󷽣ҺĽҵ˶ǻĳſ
ֻǵǿɻʼ޵ʱҲǾ־
С飬ˡ
׿һԵ飬Ҳ¶һ˿Ц⣡
һֱûж֣ΪľǸһ׼ġ
׸Ľ⶯֮ǰѾǸ֪һĴڣ
ֻһ̫Ϊ˶ѣ
ɻʳڵޣ׾ûа취
΢΢һЦ٣ʦ磬ǸöһһԣǿǴ֮ﰡ
ۣ
ԭվǱޱȣɵĻ֮󣬺ûһѪ
⣿
֣ȫļŭ˳
ߣƲԳԷƣʶҪʬΣ
ܵĴ̼Ѿ˾Ȼܽˡ




1797»ʼҩջ
 

ɽ
֮ǰ׺ĽɻʼĴսոĻȴҪӭһпĽ
VS
ֻĽѾǿˣĽ⻹֪ģ
ûεӣĽûм
ղųᵽ˵ܻʳĴɻʼĸΧɱ飬ĽһҲˡ
Ȼˣǳĺ
Ľ˵ʱҲ֪ߵʲô࣡
Ҫ׼ʶǷĻܻʳûܹ֪Ĵڣ
ɵĽ֪һǵΧ޵ʱһ˿ϣѾˣ
֪֮ǰͲɽˣ
һĽһĺڣ
ĴɻΧߣ˼ΪصĴۣһˣ
黹ĽеһӰ
һߣ
ҹ˸оǱһ죬ԭѾʤȯգʼԺõˡ
⻹ûл뿪ʼĳѾǳ׵Ϣˡ
ɻʼޣ
ͷǳĿֲĽڶ״̬ĻôǾǴ򲻹һӦûġ
ɸղ׺ĽеıԣҲĿ
˿֮˺Ľҵ峤˶ǼڲǽĶ飡
飬ΪΨһϣ
ʥϣ𣿡
Ľ⿴ףüͷһ˿ɻļһǸղһֱվԱߵǸ
Ľƺˣ֮ǰĽ׸˵׵һ֣
֮ǰϼĴϾǱһնɱģ
׿Ľ¶һ˿Цݵ֪ǿ԰ɡ
ʲôǡʵʥ𣿡
Ľпһ£ҪĻ֮ǰžЩ̫ˡ
ղԼ׵ıԣӮˣҲǹһء
Ҳ˵ʵһʼˣʱѾˣ
ֻԼԼţӣһ뵽ߣĽɫͨ죡
ӵϣı׻Ҫֻǲл뿪
׿Ľ΢΢ͷʵӦñǿǿ٣һǲ֪ǾͲҪ˷ʱˣЩҩţϽָ
һƿҩѾ˦˳
Ľӹҩ򿪵ҩһ̣˶ˡ
ʵ
ĽЩɵˣһƿҩֻ֮һŵҩŵҩǡǡĽ⵱
ʼҩʵ
ǾԵƷҩֻû뵽׾Ȼȸ߼ҩָԼ
ǺǣĽ峤ļʶǷǷָɣĽ峤ɻʳ۷ʵ˵ûлͻɻأ
׿Ľ⣬Ҳ¶һ˿Ц⣡
һͻƣʱ׵߿ɾĶһλǿˣ
ҪͻƣʵЩ̫һЩϾͻƲҪ֧ţ
˵Լôͻƶûͷ
ʵĿǰԴͱҪֲԼˣ
ԼԽǿʱԼֵĻ᲻Խ
ɽ֮УȺŹģȻᵥˣ
ǴﵽɵۼĲΣɽżλɵۼǿߣ
֮ڣܹﵽɵ۲֮޼
Ľ˫ۣϥ
ǷʵѾڼһŨҵϵڻû
ѭ
ĽΪɻʼǿߣȻ֪ȵҩ֮޴ˡ
ʱĻʱԼľľҪ߻ħˡ
ҩǸöòǲĺҲһ˿Գܵˡ
ԭѾ׼ˣ
ɵҪֵʱȴᵽһɼΪǿҵ
ʵ
ⵤҩȻ֪ʲôУѾ֪ⵤҩǿ
ǻʼҩ
Ϊͬɻʳ۷ޣҲǿԼܹͻƣ
Ľµҩһ̣Ҫˣ
һĺöǲٰ
飬עѾǷ׵ϣ
鿴ųǹӶӣҲǹһֵҪҪ˵㲻˵ô֪Ҫأ
㡭ɣ
ǆЩ٩Լӣ׵ŭˣ
һɫдһ˿ɫȭͷѾǳķϮ
ֻոնѾǶһƿղͬĵҩ
ų˻εٺ٣СߣҪҪһƿˣҪǲҪĻҿɾͳȥˣ
գ
׿ųԥӣҲǴסˣ
ȻΪһƿҩֹͣĹʵ̫˲˼ˣ
֮Уҩİ̶ȱ֮ǸǺޱȣ
ָߵȼĵҩֱме֣
ڵҩЩ˾ռߣǻ˽һ㣡
ǳնɱǰ飬ֻǵһ˵һƿʱԥˣ
һ£˵ⵤҩͳ׵ûˣ
оèһ㣬ʿˮš




1798ƭ
 

Ķˣ
׶Щƣɻʼǿ߰
Ȼһŵҩֱֹ֣ˣ
ʵϣĲ޵ʹ࣬ǵһ󲿷ǿŴУ
ǿʼʱԴ֮ѷ̾Ϊֹ
һƾԼĴ۷ʵ
˵ֱͳΪǿߣ
ֻǴڵɻʳڣʮʱ䣡
ʮ꣬һ˵ֱʹĹ̡
ҳ֮бȽı࣬һ޻ǺѴﵽΣ
ΪʲôҪū壬ǿ
˵ʹ
ĽһŻʼҩĶˡ
˵߻ʣһţԭ׼ǿᵤҩĳоһ±ƣ
ƷȻãɶ˵ڼĿ¾Ȼʼҩˣ
һǰһ̣˵ĻԺҪĵҩ¾ϼˡ
Ϊĵҩ֮УҲǼΪģ
һֻǿ߲ŻӵУʵϲµޣҪ׵Ļûʼҩûж
οҪ½һҲǲеģ
ȸһǿ壬ǲʸУ
ĻҲһֱɽˡ
鿴ųٺһЦСߣⵤҩȻֻһţֻҪӦһұԸ㣡
ģ
飬Ĩһ˿֮ɫ
֪ôģƭҵĵҩȻɱǰɣ鿴ųЦһ
ûûУֻҪ㽫ҩңҿԷŹǣǵҲԷ
һ˵͸ƨһ㣬֮ԭûκεĳſԣ
һֵ˹ˣ
ˣң
һ˲ѾǱǵ˶㣬ʶѹ
һԵҹܲסǿѹȣѾǰ˵ϣ
ֻǵʱȴԼʶȻһô
һûеȵعʱ
һΪǿʶѾǵصѹ˲䣬ʶǿɢ
䣡
ʶֻǶ׼ų˸ܲѹĴڣ
࣡
üͷ壬Ĩһ˿Ȼ֮ɫ
ôܡ
һɾκˣ
ǿߣǿߣ
ԭЩһû뵽ʶȻѾǿ󵽿ѹԼĵزˣ
ֲ˹
һ˲䣬ӶѾ΢΢
벶ȸںΪԼһֻȸû뵽ĻȸȻһ
ߣɱͬһֻһ㣬һССɻʳ֮ˣȻҪҶֱ֣
ıǿ׳죬ų¶һ˿мЦݣ
ҪʶǸ˭ȣڳĶ
пһ£ԭǹŵľͷƺһӶûˡ
ޣʱûκε
ҲҲܺ
ղųΪ˾棬˵ţ
ͻȻ䷢֣鲢ôã˶ˣ
ɻʺڵǿߣ
飬˶ˡ
˵˸Ͼ鲻̫֪Լܣ
֮⣬ҲֻгܹԼ˵ˡ
΢΢ͷСǲģڱʸѡ񡭡
ǰǰ뽲
ӿûôĸӣ֮УǿΪĸѾģ
ѹҲûֻʶǿ󣬶ʵδﵽȿֲĵز
ټһлзʵȻʼҩջڳ˵Ųˡ
ǿߣôӵ˵ĺöأ
ֻǳƵĺܣΪʲôǿ߸ղŻô۵ҪĽ⶯أ
鿴ųҪôűʣĲ˵ɻʺ۷ʵʻǿԱ֤ģ
ɻʺڣǡǻһѡأ
ֲɵӣȻö˼ǲǵ˵ɳ
֮Уɳ貢
߼ɳǾͷǳĺˣΪһﵽ𼶱ĲΣЩ޶ǿԻûΣ
ֻҪǲĻû˿ǳΪɳ裡
һ㣬ǾǴһֻǿʱڿʼ޵̣򲻵ģ
鿴ųЦһѡӦñȱʸΪʲϲ˾ܾ
һװĿɲһ
Ҳȫװģʶƭ˵İɣ
ĳǸʵϵˣ֪ôһأ




1799±ߵ
 

ɽ
Ľ֮˺֮˶֪ǰ׷ʲô飡
ΪǸЩ˵ʲô
ǿһʼŰ赽ϾȻֳһĨԥ֮ɫһȦ
ڸʲôĽ̲סʵ
ҲǶְڸɻʼǿ̸УĽпĽҲһɻ˵
̸УҲ̫˰ɣ
Ľʵ󲻳⵽Ϊʲô
ǰλʼǿߣʵ϶û˵
ԥʲôأ˵ҪɱЩ˵Ļһ˰
ϵĺöȫǹλˣ
ƺˣ
һԵҹĽ׳Ľ峤˵λǿ߻᲻᲻նɱ֮ˣ
ǣ峤㵱ΪЩǿ߻˵ļɵҲ֪ģܻʳôĸΧɱޣλɻһˣ˵᲻նɱ֮ˣ
Ľҡͷ濴ȥȷΪĹ죡
ĽпĽ׵峤ҵǾλǿߣƺЩɵĪʵѾﵽɻʲΣ
ôܣҹĽеĻҲһŵ˵
пܣ
Ľһε뵽֮ǰɱϼĴϵ飡
һ뵽ߣȻ뵽ԼһֱΪʵϼĴ΢ǿһЩ
֪ʵпܣ
ĻʵѾǿֲһĵز˰
Զ
鿴ų¶һ˿Цʸһӵʱ俼ǣʱ䣬Ժɾûлˣ
࣡
֪ԼǵڼԼĿˮˣ

ڰǰѡʵ̫пһЩ
ûа취ǰλɻʺڵǿߣܹģ
ֻΪɳ裬ȴǳĲģ
ϾԼһλʼǿߣҪǳΪɳ裬Ժ󻹲ñ˸Ц
ԥһµǰܲһ£ҡҡ
Ѿ֪ѡɣ
һ˲䣬ʶǣ֮ԭȸǿһ֣
ʵ鲢붯֣ڲΪӪΪ˱һͷ
Ҫһļˣʵ϶ǿһֹ
һĿռ仹Ǻܴģ
֮࣬ӵܹĿԣ
ȻֿԲߣҲûлᰡ
һﵽɻʺڵĲΣǿԳΪģ
ǰţ
ѾƴҲǼæ
Цһʶһ࣬һҲ٣ΪʿʲлĿԣʲŲԸ˷ʱ䣡

ĿɿڴĿ飬˶ˣ
µջ󰡣
ܹǴ˵
еļ֮Угɾɵҵλûʵ
ջ֮ԣһ˷磡
ˣϻ˵ˣʽձԳԣ˵ǳһ⻹Ǻܾİ
ְֳóŲѣ
ҡԸ⣬ԸⰡǰ
һҲǸʵӣ師һƣֱֶûУҪΪ˵ɳˣ
ʵϣ
ǸղĶˣ֪鲢ôǿ
˭ղſ׸ĽǷʵ֮һأ
ղҲ˳ƶΪҲû뵽Ȼֻûʧļһ
ڣ֮Ѿֿ˻
װ׵õһɳ裬Ժ˵ֱǰװ׵ĵõһ
ǳ֪е뷨ĻҪˣ
˵ʵǺս򲻹Ҳǿܵġ
أ
ҪΪ˵ɳˣԼģ
ԭһգǹɰѹѾʧӰ٣óͶأ
ֵķ緶
ǰɶҡܻ𣿡
ȻˣΪƭ㲻ɣȻܰٷ֮ٵı֤ǰٷ֮ʮĸʱʻǿԱ֤ģ
ǴţҪǮǿɾĺƣ
ǿʶѹ£ټȺ֮ʣҲǳױɶĳ֮飡
ǡô
⻹·ӣֱڱ
һµʵܼ򵥣ȡľѪȻʲôҲˣľͲˣ
ݣ
һγɫѪҺĴӳĶͷ𣬿ǾѪӳ˸Ĺâ
Ҳһ¿ˮһȻǽƽеװ

ԼţҪǳô׻ĻҲ̫ûżˣ
ֻ׿ɹܲô࣬һսǰܹأ




1800ɳ裺
 

ɽ
˵Ŀⶼɽ֮ϣֻʵЩ⵽ô£
ųȻȡԼľѪҲһĿɿڴ
˵ģ⾫ѪһλߵҪѾǲԶˣ
ʱ˳ûסľѪɶһĴ
ΪʲôʱȡԼľѪأ
Ľ׵ҲһãȻǶ֪е׷ʲô飿
Ľɮ붨һ㣬ȫԼ֮в԰Σ
˿̵ָٶԶ֮ǰôһṦѾǻָ߰˰ˡ
սһҲпܵģ
Ľ׵ĲϻָŵһҲķ
ϾλɻʼǿߣҪʲô۶ӣҲǲ̫ˡ
ôԼľѪȡˣҪﰡ
ҪʲôҲҪ֪浽׷ʲô鰡
ҪɣŻȡԼľѪ
㿪ʲôЦһҪһɻʣ˵
Ҳ̫˰Ҫ֪澿ʲô鰡
˵֮ʣԶ֮һҫ۵Ľ˸ţ
ɫģ
֮ķĲϵİһԵĳ
һĲϵʧ˳ڣ
ݣ
һѪ֮У˶һƣ׵ľѪ
ںϣ
ŽɫĲϵڳľѪ֮вƣ׵Ŀзһ֮
׵ľѪ棬һ˿ѪϢ
ƺܵһѹѹ
ԭ۾ĳ˿Ҳǵɴ۾ǰףг˺Ȼ֮ɫ
˵ʵ֮ǰڻֻǱһ˿ϣ
Ȼ˵컨׹ɳǸԼһ̨¶ѣ
ѲΪܹ
֮ˣҲһܹ쵽ϸܲκϢ
Ȼģɺţ
һҪװ͵ɻʺڵǿ飬ԼʱǷǳѿ
оԼܱߣ˵ɳ裬Ҳ൱Ķ˵ģ
Ʊǿ
ǲ˵ɳ裬ʱԼŵĻᶼûˡ
ֻôҲû뵽ھѪںϵһ̣Ȼܵһѹ

ó˶ǻһ
֮ʣѾںϣ˿̳Ҳںһ˿ѪҺ֮еѪ
ʵϣҲ뵽һ˿ѪպǰһĴæˣ
㶨
ɳ裬
ЦЦԼ˼ˣЩʵ̫һЩ
û뵽ɽ磬ȻһʳڼǿΪɳ裡
ԺҲǶһ˰
ٺһЦʦ磬һﻹǾסư
ƣǰʲôЦϽ
鿴׵ʦ磬Ժһ͸һˣСߣŸɶأϽɽͷҿǺö궼ûСˣ
顭磿
ǽһưǰԼ磿
׿ųҲ΢΢һЦʲôְ
ˣҽҽ𣡡״˿Ѿǹ˺ܶࡣ
׵ɳ裬һж׵Ŀ֮У˲κηͷ
ҽҿͽСˣٺһЦ
ݸһЦţʲôǸŶѣ飬ȴСȥɻʳڵĲܸоǺܱհһԺɻʺڵǿߣǿɺܱ
顭粻ɻʺڵǿۡҲú°ɣ
ЩɻĿ˿ףղʵѹԼĴڰ
ɻʺڣǰ϶İ
׵ĻܸоﲻԾ
ȿȡԺͻˣˣڵǸϽͻɻڣ飬ʱùˣ
Ҳʼ磬ʶʵԵȱͱȽϵĺ
ټϻźܶܣȻҲԣ
ԺСȻһｲģֻǵ齲֮һﲻҪѪźã
ҲˣһҲԿģʵϾһʵķԾ
齫֮УΧ۵һľ̾
׺黺ĳĽķ˹ҲǼ

Ҳ˵˶ȫˣĽ׵һҹǼĲ֪Ӧ˵ʲôˡ
׺鲢δˣǵĿȫľۼĽϣ
ɻڣ
Ľ˿ȫɻʾڣɰڴһ٣
֪ΨһҪľǸĽ⻤
ɽݺᣬʱĽʱ
Ǳƻ߻ħĻǵòʧˣ
һ졭
졭

ȥʮʱ䣬Ľ֮вŽĲһ˿仯ǵ֮һ
̶ǳĽķ˹ȥ
ͻڼɹORʧܣ
Ϊĵ飬Ľ׺ĽУҲû뵽Ľλ峤ȻøҪͻˣ
Ҫ֪ĽͻɻʾѾ֮ãһֱǻɻʾڲ䷨
ԭΪĽһ֮Ϊһ죬ֻԼ¶û뵽ɻʾڣһ֮ң




1801¾̾Ľ
 

ɽ
˵ĿⶼĽϣ
ΪɻʳڵǿߣĽڴܻʳĵλȻǷǳĸߣ
ÿһʳ֮Уɻʼĸֶв٣
Ͼܹһʳֻһɻʼĸ֣ǲܵģ
ڻʳ֮УɻʳڵĸȻܶ࣬ɽɻڵĸȴΪĺˡ
һ˵ʳĵҲɻڵʵ
ȻˣһЩΪǿĻʳǵĵԴﵽɻʺڵĲΡ
۳֮УĻʳ
Ľ˫͸һӵļᶨ
ƣ
ĽһȣҲǷž˵ı仯
Χ纣һ㣬һһ
鿴ЦŵӦû⣬ʵȷϳ˵Ļʼҩ
ţⵤѾ˱仯ĽϵľҲǱøӴ׳һЩ
׵ʶȻûǰǿ󣬿ҲǴﵽɻ۷ĲΣ
䣡
ĽʱԭЩĻۣһʱ䣡
֮УԭĵƺһЩ
˿̣ĽҲƺ֮ǰҪӵǿ
໣
ĽڿвϵĻţ
ڶһ̻ʵϣ⵹Щ˷ˣ
ʱĽƽϢ
ֻ֮֮ǰƺһݵȻʹݣ
׿ĽӣҲ΢΢һЦܶǿҪֻһ
Цŵⵤҩνɮ٣Դķ̶ֳȵĻ˵ɽ绹Ҫܶɻʺɵۼǿأ
Ǻǣ⵹Ҳǣ͸һҲǵͷͬ˵
μʥϣ
Ľһǻָԭģֻһο׵ʱѾ÷ǳĹˣ
һλɻʼǿ߶һĵ۾˵Ĺ
Ҫ˵ȥĻ¶ûţ
׵ĿĽϣ¶һ˿ЦݵϲĽ峤ˣ
٣ⶼǵʥϵľˣһεĻԵ
ĽʵҲǷǳļɻʾڣԼľ磬һʵˣ
Ȼ˵Ϊ˴ˣɽ
˭ܹʵ˭ܹΪǿߣǸűأ
ȥ˵۳˲㵱Ҳһ
ĽⲢֲñͨˣ˵ˣǲͨôأ
Сڻ˼Ҵʥϵأ
֮Ľ⿴ˣ
ĽҸŴףҲһǻ²
ԴĿǰʵ˵ˣʥأ
Ȼ˵ʳɹʱԿˣǻʳһ£ԿЦȺˡ
οĽҲ֪׸ոս³Ŷ೤ʱ䣿
ǰٶȷչȥĻʱܹﵽһʲôĿ̶ֲȣδ֪أ
׳ܳǣǵһЩʱ䣬޻飬ҪȻ߰ɣ
ʥϣǡǸأ
ĽЩ֣˷ʵ֮ƺѾĸţ
ʵ֮ǰ뷨ǳļ򵥣ǾǾĻָʵֿ
ɵȵͻ֮ȴѾʧӰˣ
ѲǱʥǸɱˣ
ĻĽп¸ҪͶˡ
׻δ˵һԵ΢΢һЦ˵С𰡣Ǽһ￴ҵȷΡٷ磬ҵȵ˧۷ѾļҴˣ
ۣ
ĽһûһɫЩŹֵĿĪǸҿЦɣǳɱ˰ɣ
ǺǣûУȻȫ滰ѾΪ޵ɳˣ
׿Ľ΢΢һЦ
ĽЩؿ׵ʥϣ˵ģǡǳȻԸΪɳ裿⡭Ҳ̫˼˰ɣ
Ľˣ
ȻͻˣͻƣϢƺӵģ
һʼǿߣȻԸΪ˵ɳ裬ֱǲܵ飡
οĽ⿴ǵֲĵûİɣ
׳Ľ峤ֻҪ֪ʵˣˣȻλߣЩҲͽһ°ɣ峤أ
ʥϣҹڴˣ
ҹ˿Ѿ𾪵Щľˣ̫̫ࡣ
ôҲû뵽Ȼһ
ԼŮѡȷİ׵ʵν죡
һۣ
ױջλɻʼǿߣĽȼļ壬û뵽ҲǳΪ˴׵֮
ԼʲôԵأ
׿ҹ˫΢΢һЦҼҴο峤վټǰҴ׳ʱ޻Ϊҿµļأ
лʥϣ
ҹ˴˿Ѿǹٿ׵Ѿǳ֮⣡
ʵ
Ψʵܹ˳ɽ֮Уʵ㲻׷
ʵǿᣬҲŻˣĽһʵأ
һԵĽ⿴ЦŵҵͬУĽҽܲǨ׳ڴܳǣһЩտɣ
΢΢ͷĽ峤йȥ޻ȥ֮ԻᰲŸλ޴˴ǰܳǣ񣬾ʹ˱ˣ
ʥϣ
˼ͬʱҾȥķĽҲǼҴҵĸ˴ܳǣ
ĽҺǰ׳飬Ҫִˡ
˿̣ǳūhԺķ򼲳۶ȥ




1802ɽҲûʲô
 

ܳǣhԺԺ
hԺΪܳԺڴܳǵĵλҲǼΪġ
hԺڴܳ򣬲ռȴǳĴ
˵֮У֮һΪʹڵ֮⣬ʣԼĪķ֮һĵطΪhԺ
֪hԺĵطжôӴˣ
ߵʱͳѾǻص֮У
˿̵ףȥЩᣡ
ȻǴĵطɱϾɽ磬ϵ·֮ǰּʱģ
hԺԱߣһɫĶǸС¥ȵط
ҲǴܳķڵأνǴ
ѣ
ԭҪֱӽhԺ룬Ǿȥ򼸼Ѵһ
˿װ
ȻرעԼǱһ뵽ҪȥʳܹԼŮˣ
Ҳܴôĺװɣ
иѣҲǳǸ˹ȥ
ӭɹѡ
ſӭŮӣȥʵһĺܣӦֻɲΣ
ɣɽ֮Ǹոˣ
һ·ĵطֻҪ̬ȹã಻ĻҲ͹ˡ
׿˿ſڵŮЦŵ򼸼·
ר˰ģ
ſӭŮҲЦЦֻǸſӭģӦҲ漶͵ˡ
߽ѣطȷǺ쳣һпҲôˣ
ոսУһ׵Ů׵ķ˹ȥǷǳ
ɣҪһЩʲô
ǸŮףҲ¶һ˿Цʵ
ŮԱߣһ൹ҲǷǳŮӳǸŮ˹ӰôҲǫhԺѧô˵ü鶼֪أ
ǸӰŮһˣ̵㣬ҡô
һףĨһ˿ײĳ֮ɫǵԲɣҸ˵仰ɺã
΢΢ͷҵҲǲż
ǸקǸӰŮͳһ˹ȥ
׵ҲЩ棬Ǳ߶豭Ȼ죡
ոǸ˿ڣЩŭˣ
ɽ׽绹ûʲôʵǿһЩľһЩȴһֱû䣡
Զ
ǸӰӰôôɵأ
㣬ôӰЩƵʵ
㺰һ㣬Ҳ㣬ɵһղǼһһž֪ǳĵͶˣܹѵ·˷ʱ䰡
Ӱһֺɸֵĸо
ӰӰҲǸոսѲã
ʵһݾǫhԺѧhԺ֮ҲǼҾԣѧ
кܶhԺѧÿеʱһЩаʲôĸɵ
ǷǳһˣֻҪɵúãɵҲܹòٵġ
ϾΪhԺѧҪͻƵĻǾҪԴ
Դϵɣ
ԣָֻܹͨķȥȡԴ
һЩѡȥΧȡʯһЩѡȥժɽҩȡʯ
ȥժҩȥΧ޵ȵȣΣԶǷǳġ
ԣһЩѧΪʵѡҵɸɣ
hԺѧǷǳܻӭģ̼ܶҲЩѧ﹤
ҲǻݹӮһֺʽɣ
ӰŮ㣬˵Ҷǽǿˣǲ÷𣿡
ɵӰһ㣬ô˶ǱߣΪʲôˣ㲻еԭأ
һ˵ĿǿӰ
Ӱ΢΢һ̾㣬лл㣬Ժһעģ˻Ǳߵء
㻹ȥԼˣ㿴Ҳܹ֣Ҽˣǵװ·Ȼˮʲôġ
ԶԶƳһףʵҲۣκεطˣ
ɽ֮ˣ׽绹Ҫأ
Ϊɽ֮Уܶ඼ǳ潻ף˸һ̱ĸо
㣬ʵҲ֪Ƕԣ˼ҸʵһǺαأ˼Ժδ𰡣ҾһǱڵͶʲ𣿡
Ӱ۵һЩ֪Ӧ˵ʲôˡ
ӰĻҲһ˿ʣ
û뵽СѾͷȻܹ˵ĻǫhԺģۼͲƺЩһĸо
Ӱ׵ķ߹ʱſֽһˣ
Ⲩһѵ·ȥӺݻ
֮һ̳˹ȥ
ǰ˿ǸŮȥǵĿ֮Ҳǳ˼֮飡




1803ԩҵ·ôխ
 

峤ô˰
һˣЦӭ֮ǰ׹ʱֱ
뿭
ϼ峤ϼȻǴܻʳĴ壬ȴҲ֮ǰ֣ҺҲ࣬Ƕ壡
ɱСܻʳĶ壬ܶļ嶼ӵŴܻʳķصģ
ЩȻûдܻʳĴôǮɹҲ൱ľ˵ģ
ѣǸ·ĵط
ĿͻΪмĿͻˣҲǱڹΪǿĿͻ
뿭΢΢бһ۾ȥ˰ܴСڴˣϽźţ
뿭ԱߣһŮӿȥ쳣һɽһ㣡
ȵµӣһֲҿĸо
ܴС㣿ǴܳĴ֮һϼܴСɣ
˶ܻʳǴܳǶǷǳϤ
ϼ壬Ȼ֪
˸֪ϼıǴܻʳϼ壡
ڿ뿭ǰλŮôĿ붼µ˽ˡ
ǣûôĳɣ
ǸܴС΢΢һЦȥƨĵǷǳľ׼ˡ
ܴСǴܻʳĴ֮һϼ峤Ůͩ˳Ư˵ȻҲû˵ˡ
ͩЦŵܴС˵ﻰһվѶо԰ղҵʵЩԲλֱܴ࣬С㰡
Ѿͷǻ˵ĺܣ·ɣҿɵ͸Ҽأ
֮ͩ䣬һӵ⣬ƺеǳҪ
֪ܴСҪʲô·أ
վſڣһԵӰѾȥ׵ߣ
ӰƺЩԸڳǰȥƺڻرʲô
峤ĸͷ󣬾Ͱ׼ɣͩ˵
뿭ǿɼǺˣΪ̫ӵѡ·ǿɵϸŵ㣡
ֵͩĿһ۵˵˱ܵģô֡
ֻȥû뿭˼ƺǳ뿭˵ԼǸ֮Ĺϵ
Ȼ֣һԵ˶óһҫ
̫ӵ¡
ҲһҲǼ֣
˰
ԽˣԽ׺ƣԽϲ򰺹Ķ
ףⲻӰѧ
ո˵֮뿭ƺǷ´½һĿӰ
Ӱ뿭¶һ˿ǳЦѧã
Ӵǣô·˰뿭Ӱ¶һ˿Ц
һԵͩ뿭ЩƵʵʶ
С㣬֮ǰᵽǸŮأǲʶ̧٣
뿭ӰȥǳĲˬ
ͩ뿭һЦǺǣǸҪ׷ȴ˸ܾ˺üεǸŮ
СЦˡ
뿭ĿЩͩĸǰˣһӰĺһ֣
ԩҵ·ôխ
׷Ӱ鼸ΪһЦˣ
ȴӰ鷳ûˣ
׷˼ңȥұ˵鷳
⻹һ˵Ϊ𣿼Ϊӣ뿭Ҳֻڶ棡
ӰεЦЦϲ߲ϲ뿭Լ뿭Ͳһ·ˣ
Ȼһ·ˣôʲôҪһأ
Ӱĺӵܣ츳ǳĲګhԺҲԼı½ȥ֣
ֻ˷ǳѣΪǵıûôԴ
Ҫȱ˸Ŭܹǿĸϵ˼ң
ҲӰΪʲôҪһԭΪhԺÿ귢ŵʯ֧
ûʯԴֻܹԼʱ䣬һЩʯˡ
ˣҪôԼͷأҪô޷ͷأ
Ҫżһ˼ȥͷأǲܵģ
뿭׷ԼΪȢԼӰֲɵӣúܣЩ˾Բܵģ
쵹ˣȻôԵֵĻǲѧø·ɣ֮ǰܾ㣬һܲھܾɣһ׬ȡʯĺûᰡ
ͩҲɵѵĹҲģ
ΪܼҵĲҵҲƵģֻûôĳѣ
ɲܳӪģʽһģ
ЩߣΪľǵõԻԼ
뿭һͩĻһЦ٣⵹Ǹ⣡ӰǷˣ
ԲѾΪ˷ˣΪǷĻֻеλ뿪֮󡭡
Ӱ˵֪ЩҪΪԼ
Ҳ֪ȻԼѣ˵ԼԼͱΪǷ




1804֮
 

һ㣡
һƣղԼӰ
û뵽ԼĿ˾ҪСӸˣҲ֪Լûõġ
ΪȥƺʲôϵӰ̵ӰϼĴСϼ峤ܸǷǿҵҰϽİɣ
㣬ȻѾѡλˣǱҪȵλ˷֮ҲŻѡĿˡǺҲѵĹذɣ
ӰһѹҲҪ˵裡
ҲǿЩ˰˾۸Լ
Լȴûʲô취Ψһĵƣ¾ˡ
Ӱû˵㰡㣬ôӻתأҰɣܴС峤ӣ㻹ܲ𣿡
ݣ
뿭ӳһʯһʯ֮˶
־һƷʯֻǴ󷽰
С㣬Ǹһͽˣ߰ɣѧã
뿭ӰЦһҪúõĳڶ
Ӱ֮ǰ˺ͦģ
ͩһЦǺǵ˵뿭뿭һûǮûƵСѾͷҪҪŮ˵ĻҵǿԸܽܣ
лС㣡
뿭һͩĻҲ̵ģ
һߵľŮ·ߣ˵ʵܹн죬һĹҪ뿭ϣ
ΪһʮֵĻͩģҲǰͩƢ͸͸ˣ
ΪˣϼǰعʼߣҲ˲ٵԴ
ҵ𣬿˵뿭һĹͣ
ܹϼô֮ӱҲġ
Ӱоһ裬ĵҲûˣĬĬĵͷܴС㡢峤֪λҪѡʲô·ѡ
ӰʼеԵĽѵЩ·ʵͩ뿭ܹ֪ѣ
Ѷ֪ѾٴˣֻһǡÿӰģ
ϻôʲô㲻ȥ
ͩӰƺҲΪ뿭һ㣡
뿭һͩĻҲܴС㣬ɵóԲ˶߰Ųھѹ
㡭ǡ
Ӱ֪϶ù
ôҲû뵽ЩһͶԼЩί
ѵĹȷǷǳĲģūhѧԺ׬Ҳ٣
ֻû뵽ûһµĹ򣬾Ȼ뿭
Ӧȸҷɣܵи󵽣ʲô·ҲûпأˣҲ̫˰ɣ
ԭһֱĬʵЩû̫Ĺϵ
ֻ⼸ʵ̫ˣ˼һСﶼѾôˣǻ˼Ϊ˼ң
ЩһʳģԼɴүˣ
ʵЩˣְһСҲν
ȻˣʵԸ֣һҪǰƷԻǷǳĲġ
һ£
˶׵ķ˹ܴСҲ⣡
Ҳ磡
˵ǰҲ
ͩ뿭תʱһǺӣһûЦˣ
ӴǣӢ۾ذ뿭һ䣬ĶףĿдһ˿мɱ⣡
׿뿭΢΢һЦλ˵ЦˣӢ۾治ҵֻʵʵ˵ѣȻѣȻǿˣ
뿭ЦһһƷʯŸϽұĵȥûʰ㣡
ʯҾͲҪˣҲȱʯղѾ˵ˣģ
̬쳣ļ
ǰɣ뿭ЦһһԵͩĿһҸǰôŵˣûлģ
˵ˣģ
һεظ֮ǰĻӿȥЩɵĿɰˡ
С㣬۲˸ɵӰɣ
뿭š͵ӣҲǺɵĿ˿ͩ
ͩһЦҲɵװɵھɾͱֱС㲻ˣ
ѽѽͩãô˰
֮ͩʣ¥һ׿Ůˣ֮ͩһϢ
ƽ㣬ҿɶ˰ˣ㶼ӴҰ
ͩһˣԭ粻ɫ˲ҲǱô
ƿѴܻʳ֮ˣ
ֻѵı󵽵˭ûֻ֪֪κεطܹ
ⲻողͩõһôСλ˵˵Σ
ƿ˿ͩȻֿһףҲ¶һ˿ǳЦ
ߣСʵЩʶ̧٣ͩƽ㣬ѣҲ£ǳȥ֮Ǿ͡
˵ȥԺҿɹܲţֻҪҾллͩˡ
ƿкЦȥһѵˣ
ѾôģվһԣƿӣҲЦһ
ƿ΢΢һЦλɲҪ֪ôƺº
ף
˵Լֻ֣˵ʱǳļ
ףҪҵ˾Ȼһ֣
ƿüͷ΢΢ֹ˼䣬һĨɫܿȥ




1805ƿ
 

һ¥
ͩ뿭ۿȥĺܵף
ǵ֮оͿԿóһıӣ
ɽ֮У
ʤϾֻҪЩݺ͵λˣϴĻõĶԳǵݺ͵λ
ɹ֮УЩǸӵԣ
ͩΪܻʳĴ֮һܼҵĵϵȻ۸ڶˡ
ڰԼС뿭һڶʱû뵽Ȼһ赲
ȻǷǳķŭˣ
ܻʳҲԼӵ˻ûм
һ£ֻҪ֮󣬶ǻˡ
һȴӲҪӰⲻǻĴԼ
ɣ֪ҿɷΪأ
ƿףһ˿ʣ
ȻҲֻ֪ԼҪҵֲ֪࣬˾ԲҪҵˡ
Ҫҵˣôһأ
˵ˣ˿ȥͨͨƽ棬Ӧþѣ
΢΢̧ͷһƿǺˣ
ɣѵƹƿΪɷҲûɰɣ
ƿף۾Ķף
ƿȫΪìǣǵѣҲš
ͩҪӰ鷳ǾȥҺˡ
ӰҲѵˣûȥӰ
ѲѻΪһССīhԺӵʱԱܼļ
ǲܵ飡
ͩƿƽ㣬ֱӰ˺ȥˣҲֺαظأ
һԵ뿭ҲǵͷƹҪ㲻ĻֱӰ֪ߵغļһȥˡ
ͩá峤ѳ⣬߽ǿӰ
ƿͩЦŵ˵һεĺӰ
Ӱ죬ƿƹ񡭡
ϽȥܴС峤Ÿʲô
ƿʵԸ鷳Ȼ鷳ˣҲֻܹ취ˡ
ȻҲ֪鷳ʲô鷳
ӰЩΨΨŵŵ˵ǣƹ񡭡
ߣҪˣԼ̲ˣһ뿭һЦתһԵӰȥ¥һοҪ̫ӵѡ·һ¥·ôܹ̫ӵأ
ƿ΢΢һЦͩã·һɰۣ
ƽ㣬ͩɲǸȱʯˣͩٺһЦȥ˰
ƿͷ׼˵ܿɫѾǱˡ
һ࣬׵һεĴ˳Ӱһûأ
Сӣǲǣ
뿭ԭѾת׼¥һ׵Ļ˲䱩ŭ
һǿ˲֮У
׸뿭ֱӳ¥ϻ˹ȥһԵӰǱߣ
׿΢΢һЦѾȻж¥ﲻȥ𣿡
õģɡ
ӰҲǿһ£֮ǰҲЩ׵Ƶ˼
Ǻˣƹ֮Ȼôˡ
ֻҲû뵽ƹ񶼳ˣһҪΪ£Ȼ
ɣǲѵˣ
ƿоԼžžģԼԼղѾڸһ˵ˡ
һҲ£ҲǲܼҺͻ
ȻˣҪһǾͩʹܻʳ̫ӵƺҲŲ岻Ĺϵ
Ȼһͨ·ĵطʵǳӴ
ǵּɲǵˣƿЩŭˡ
һ˵ĲԼӣѲΪԼƢã
ֻƿӵһԭҪһﵽǲҪҵˣ
׿ƿЦһֻ·ѣ󵽵ĵƹӦҲǶİɣοҵĶ仹ҵĻһġ
ƽ㣬㲻ҪһʶˣҪǰɣҵҪܸʲô
ͩҲŭˣһԵƿҲ
ƿһȻ˵Ļͩã¥ɣ飬궫˵ɣ
ãٹҪȥʳˣȰҪᣬҴʰ
ͩΪĲˬײӣܹƹһ
ֻиҪҪѣ
׸ӰѾ¥ˣ¥µƿͩ뿭ƺվһϡ
ӦöǱ׸Ĳ֣




1806Ͻ𻪷
 

Ѷ¥
ӰЩϰ£֪ε˿ǷͬСɣ
ǲôģϾǫhԺˣ
hԺѧԺı뿭ҪĶҲǲ̫ʲô飡
飬˻Ǻܶģ
ʱһԼĳʲôĻѧԺһ飬ǻԶ׼飿
hԺܻʳǿĴ֮ϵЩҲġ
ֻǰȥΪԼͷˣӰЩ̫ܡ
Ҳó˼ƺڰԼ
ӰȴζΪԿó˲ʲôǿˡ
ܼҺĻʳˣʱǳԲ˶ˡ
ɣǸϽҸ߰ɣǰǲġ
ӰüֻԼܹü׵
׿˿Ӱ޷ֻΪѡ·ɣ
ɣһ¥·Ͷ¥·ɲ̫һ¥·
ӰĻȻδ˵꣬˼ѾǷǳˣ¥·ǿ뵱İ
һ˵·˺϶¥ģ
Ϊ¥·۸ʵܣ
Цŵһ·һģ
Ӱ΢΢һ̾ðɣǾ⿴һɣʱɿ֪֮ˡ
Ӱǿףף
¥·̫ˣһ·Ʒʯ۵ġ
һƷʯǿɾ൱һƷʯ
ûôӰ˵ֱһˡ
ણ
һĽŲ洫׺Ӱûһᣬƿͩ뿭¥ϡ
˿̣¥ϳ׺Ӱ֮⣬ֶˣ
ֻ˿˿׵ǷǳĲˬ
ƽ㣬Щῴ۸˰ɣ
ͩЦһд޾ĳ֮ɫ
ỹѵĶ¥ѲΪѵ·Ǹ˶
Ҫ֪·ͩȴˣҲǲ̫õ֣
ƿֻǴһ˿ЦݣĹҲǶ׷ǳĲˬ
Ϊ֣ƿ̫֣
һҪҵˣ̫ԩˣ
ƿҲָ֪Ƿǳĵ͵ģҲìܵĺܡ
ƿӦòɣǵģ
뿭׵ķ򣬿Цҽ쵹Ҫܹʲô
׺Ӱ⼸ˣ
ȻӰЩе˶УҲΣֻܹװûˡ
·ȥ
ָָԼһϽɫĻ·ȥ߹֮дһ˿Ӻݣ
⵽ص㣬ص·ܹѶ¥·룬Ȼζ棡
Ӱһ׾ȻǼ·ȥҲһɣǡǡǿǡ
΢΢һЦ˵ʲô
ᵹҲ֪˵ƽ㣬·ȻҲҪԭǴǼһģ
ͩ¶һ˿Цԭǹѡ·ġ
Ҫ֪·ϽƲ˿ƶɣ
ϽƲϣ
֮һּΪ壬ûκεĹ
³˿ȴ쳣ļͺ
˵ϽƲ³˿ܹµκι
Ȼ˵ȲɼףҲ൱һƷˡ
Ʒ
۸쳣Ĳƣټ⻹ѳƷһ⴩ķ
۸ôĺ˾Ϳ֪ˣ
뿭ͩٺһЦСӿ»֪۸ٰɣҪ֪Ļ
ҵҪôߵģͩЦһ
ƿҲסˣû뵽Сô֪ô
Ͻ𻪷
Ϊ·֮һڴܻʳѣɾһ·ˡ
·˵ȷǷǳ٣Ϊʲô
Ϊ·ֻܹһƷ۸ȴͨƷѾǱ˲ʲôطȥˡ
ƿҲ¶һ˿΢Ц׼һЦ
˭һ֮ǰԼأ
ͩЦŵͩã·ʵ֮ǰһֱûйҳ۸ҲΪǽϽ𻪷֮Ȼˣ۸ҲǼΪİ󡭡
ƽ㣬һ˵·ҪüƷʯذɣ
ͩٺһЦüƷʯ۸þȴˣ
һԵӰҲһüʯƷʯѾеˡ
֮ǰһֱҪ·ֵǮ
ƺ涼û֪·ļ۸Ϊƿ֮ǰһֱ˵ǷƷ
ƿЦҡҡͷͩãʱֻһ˵Ͻ𻪷ҵΪļ·֮һɽҲֻǧǡҵ߾ͷֵһ˵ôֵֻأ
ǡ·׶ʯ
֮ͩҲһ˿Ļңƺԭ׼ʯˡ




1807ˣ
 

Ͻ𻪷
ѵ֮ͳ֮⼸֣·ļ۸¶Ǻŵģ
ֻ֮ǰƿһֱ˵ǷƷ
Ҳûй۸񣬵Ȼˣܶ˶ȥѯʣ
һͩ¶˾Ҫ·ġ
ҲҪƿǷԽ·Լ
ȻˣҲûб̫ϣϾ֮ɲġ
ֻǵƿĻ־꣬ƺһӾʧȥˡ
ƹ񣬴СһֱҪ̫ӵ·̫ӵ´ҫhԺѧԺλ֪ƹɷ񡭡
뿭ƿҲǹ˵
ƿ΢΢һЦ·ѵƣȻ⣬ȻҲʯ׬ǰɣ
ƽ㣬ô˵·Ǵˣ
ͩƿĨһ˿ɫʵ
ƿ΢΢ͷǰǸλܹǮ
Ǹĵط
Ȼˣ֪ѳ·֮⣬ܹһЩʲô飿
ƿʵô˵Ҳ˵˵ѣһϽƲ˿Ƴɵ·Ʒʯļ۸۸ѾǳܶĳܷΧˡ
ͱ˵վǰ뿭ǰ嶼ˣҲղƷʯɣ
Ҫ֪·ȻƷɼ׵ãɱ֮ЩƷɼȴһ֣ǹǿ˺ܶࡣ
пõĶʯûеطõˣһ˭ֻأ
ƽ㣬⡭·׶ʯ
ͩ˿ҲЩңϿȥǺ򶨵ӡ
ȻͩҲҴˣϽ𻪷ۼͳһģʮƷʯۣ
ƿͩȻ˵۸һŶҪһɣ
࣡
ͩ뿭ͬʱһ¿ˮ
۸ѾǳǵĳܷΧʮƷʯֱ̫б˰
Ҫ֪һõƷҲ۸ѣ
һЩȽһЩƷļ۸Ҳˣ
Ͻ𻪷˺ÿ֮⣬ʵüֵʵ̫һЩ
۸һȫž
ƿ˵ı飬Ҳ΢΢һЦ˺ˣͩãʵѻкܶ·ֲֻһ·𣿡
ǣƽ˵ǣֻҪһϲѣֻǡ
ͩĳȻܲ𣬿֪Ͻ𻪷ļ۸жôĺˡ
ܳǣҲǻҵܹˣ
֮һȴҲЩϾǵĺöʵ̫̫ˡ
ʮƷʯ
üͷʵ·Ǿͦġ
ֻ۸ȷЩˣ
ɽôʱ䣬һЩļ۸Ҳһֱ۵˽⣡
ʯ˵
·ˣȻͲںٵʯˡ
Ҳʼ۸񣿹һ浰ȥ
뿭һ׾Ȼѯ۸ʱŭˣ
Լߵ˶һܹһ׾͸оһ
Уʲôǲ˳۵ģ
׸뿭һƿ·ˣ
ۣ
뿭׼ŭһ׵Ļ˲һûԼĿˮ
ˣһȻ˵ˣ
ֱǿЦ
ˣ
ƿҲһĨ֮ɫ
ԭԼ˵۸ʱСӦŵɪɪˡ
û뵽һﲻûˣ˵ԼҪϽ𻪷
ⲻǳʲôأ
һȫϷˣԼ
ͷһҲϽ𻪷˰
һ㵹˵úã˲ò࣡
ƿδñӵףΪģһЩɻ
˵ˣһ˼𣬵ʱԼǹۿ˵
ƿ֪Լ˵Լ뷨һԵҲ˵ġ
Ȼ
ͩɫͺ죬׵Ļ·ܵʲô̼һ㣡
¶һ˿ЦݵƾҲҪϽ𻪷ҲվӿԼǸʲôɫ
ǰƹһҿѵҵģϽҪȥʡǿŵθڰ
뿭Ҳ˵ȻǾ׸
һ۵ܶϣ
ƿҲǳɣ֪ҿЦĺ𣿡
׿˿ƿ⣬ô򵥵ĵƹ񲻻᲻֪ɣ
ǿǰʮƷʯ
ƿһεȷϵ˵ǰʮƷʯˣǰʮƷʯһò
׿ƿ˵ƹĶ仹ǲʹҸղѾ˵ˣˣƹӦ˰ɣ·Ұ
Ѷ¥һƬž
žž
һƵ
˿̣һȥΪ˻׵˵ķ




1808ܻͩ
 

¥¥ݿڣ
˳ǹƵķ˹ȥ˵ʱҲӣ
ײ࣡
ĸ͸ǰλ̨ӦΪʲˡ
һȻ˵ģ⿴ȥЩЦԷǵĸо
뿭ˣŭһߣʲô˶ܹ˰
˶ܹʲôܽģ˵ˣѳ⣬ΪʲôܽѲҿĲɣ
Ůӿ뿭һŭŵ˷ǳĳ죡
ƿ˳֪λǡ
˭ҪղҿЩѣƽϲľǹۿ˵͵ˣڿλ̨·Ҿúˬ˶ѣ
Ů˵ȻЩ⣬ȴǳĺ
ӦװģʵԲӵġ
׺Ŀ˿ŮȻŮװȴǳ㣬ӦһɶõĴŮˣ
ŮװһһЦ֮䣬һ˿ģ
ߣֻ۾ˣͩ
ŮٺһЦ˼˵Ȼܱǹۿ˵͵Ҫúܶ಻𣿡
˵һ飡
ͩŭղˣȴ˸ˡ
ΪܼҵĴС㣬ôܹŭأ
˵һ飿ҿûйλֵܣɷһһ
ŮףƺҪһֺ緶ĸо׿ΪıŤ
Ȼ֪˵˭ȴҲûоܾ˵Ȼԣ
ζ˸ӣ̨٣
˵꣬Ů뿪ѣ
׿ԿóŮʵɲֻ˭أ
ܹڴܳǵĴϵˣӦòʲô࣡
ģ
һ̾ȻҲһЩģŴӦŮǰ
һӦþ֪ˣҲȥˡ
һߣ
ͩ뿭Ůȥӣгŭ
뿭
ͩƺܵĳִ̼һԵ뿭
С㣬Ů˿϶ܵ˵ģ
뿭׼¥
׿뿭΢΢ЦһҲֻ۸һЩԼˣȥұԼǿˣ
Сӣ㻹ְԼʱ̫ˣ
뿭ԭǴȥǸŮȴͣס˽Ų
ͩҲǱ仰˹Цһ죬Ҫܹ߳ѵĴţͩ䣡
ƹ񣬰⼸·Ұɣ
ָָǰʮ·Щ·ҲûκεĻ
ɽս·ʵЩã
ʵһ·Ҳһѡ
׸Լͩ뿭ˡ
ƿһֱЩ㶣׵Ⱥ˼˿ûֻңһ㣬Ѿǰͩ뿭ȥˡ
Ȼƿ֪˵ǸʲôģѾЩı뷨ˡ
ԵȡӰϽ˽·
ƿ̬ȷһЩ仯һԵӰɵˡ
׿ƿʯ
ɣϽ𻪷֮·ǲôɣһһƷʯΣ֪ô֧أ
ƿףҲЦʵ
˿̣һ˿뷨ԭΪ׾ԲҪҵǸˡ
ֻ˻Ĳһ
̽һףһﵽʶʶԼ
Ҫҵ˵Ļʯ¶Ҫˡ
öָ֮УһƷʯһ¼ɣ˦һöɫĽָ
ƿ΢΢ͷӹǴָȻԼʶһɨ֮һʯ٣
ʲʲô͡Ȼôʯôܣƽ⡭
ͩɴ۾ǰһУţ˾ȻܹôƷʯ
ƿɵĴָ֮еȷһƷʯ

ֱǶԼȰ
ղŻһһᣬ˼ҶѶˡ
ԽУһӾʧӰ٣
ͩʣµҲֻǷŭˣ
뿭ټ֣ҵҪܳǣ˭Ҹܼҹȥ
ͩɫͺ죬ȥ
ŭգȴûκεİ취ȻЩܻ
ΨһܹûӵĿ¾ץסԼӵˡ
ͩ뿭˵ӰһʧѵĶ¥
ͩ뿭ȥӣƿ¶һ˿Цݵɣ鷳ˣ
鷳Ǻǣǻ䣡
׵˵һƿоһãȻ
ƿһ㶣漴ЦŵɻҹĿ࿴һ֮ǰһֱҪɣ֪ɷ񡭡
˵
׵ͷҲûôй⡣
ƿɣ֪ɷʶһأ




1809Ϣ
 


׿˿ƿıһĵȻƺȥʶһ㣡
ɲʶˣ
ƿʵѹҲûָʶ˿׵ıӵȷһ㣡
ʶ
׵˵֮ȴЩκˣ
˵ˮȷǲԼҪҵŮ˵Ļȴȷ̫幬Ӱ
ֻΪ֣ɽ粻ǧʱ䣬ôܽӴɽҵ۹أ
ѣǿɽΪֿȵһ·ĵ갡
κһҴҪĲ˵ɽӦΪǮ֮һˡ
ƿ
Ѳĸйأ
ɣʶ
ƿԭΪӲʶôҲû뵽Ȼӵģ
ƹʲôˣ
׿ƿ֮ȴĨһ˿ʵ
ƿԴ˵һشɵ֮ǰ֪ɿɷشҼ⣿ǻشȷˣұɣ
ԣ
׿ƿҪܹʳԼʲô⣿
ƿһ׵ʵɣɽ֮ˣ½֮ˣ
½
ײδѣһжĿƷΧ֮У
ʵϣƿҪԸԼĻ˾ˡ
ҲΪˣ˵ûй˼ġ
ƿĨһ˿ɫ׼ʵǡǲ֪ɴһ
ˮ磡
׵ĻشɵȻƿ۾Ѿǵɵϴˡ
ļҲ
̤Ьٴȫѹ
ƿôҲû뵽һֱѰҵ˽ᱻԼˡ
ǰ׵ܹڻشԼһĻԼҪҵˡ
ʵܹشǰ⣬ƿѾжӦþԼҪҵˡ
ɣû뵽Ȼһģǡǲ֪ɿǵʶˮ֮еκְ
ƿ׼ʵʵڵȴȷһĽѡ
׿ƿӰ
ƿμˣ
ƿ֮г˼֮ɫһӹȥȴ׸סˡ
׿ƿǵˮڵĸţ
⡭⵹ûУֻǸ𰸶ѣҲ֮ҵȣҵһ˵Ϣ͸
ƿʵҲ֣ΪʲôֻֻƬȴĶأ
΢΢һ
̫幬飬ʱûнã
Ȼ̫幬Ѿ𣬿Źȥ೤ʱ䣿
һ֪̫幬ĴڣʱԼδ֮ǰ֪ٵѹɾҪ̫̫ˡ
ЩɵۼǿߣΪһѾ˵ľ̫幬ȥɵ
Ӧǲܵ飡
׳ӦǴ½֮˰ɣôΪѵأ
ҵȲ֪Ǳ峤˴ġ峤һӣΪ峤˵Ů
ƿҲ֪Щģڵô£ǲ֪
Ͼӵģ
΢΢ͷʲôط
ڶ۳ƼңҲѵܲƿ
üͷ۳ƼңԺлȥɣлҲУ
ˡƿҪ˵װڰֵҵǴĵ۾Ƚ˵Ҳû£ֻˡ
ǰҵԻעġƿ΢΢һЦˣ崳ǷֵǱߴϢ˸hԺ˷ͻɣ
ѵǲ򵥰׿ƿЦʵ
ƿٺһЦˣԴǰѣ㿪ʼ˰ӰѲһ·ĵطʵѾݱһѼɽ鱨ĵط
Ǻǣ˼磬⵹ǲģ΢΢ͷ
ƿ׹˵ˣ˵ĻҪϱ֪Ȼعɽ磬Ȼἤѣ
Цŵɽ粻һʱ䣬˰
ƿͷ˼ɽ磬յϢ֮һٸ
ЦŵˣһʱһȥʳμλҲңߵȰɣ
ƿ
˳ȥֻѵ⣬˿ѾǱΧˮйͨ




1810صġС㡱
 

ζĶ֮ϣһټİᣡ
֮һλµŮѵķȥ֮һ˿޵΢Ц
Ůӵߣվһ˫ް߰׵ߣ߿ȥŮĳ
ֻǵ߿ڵʱȴЩ˴۾
С㣬ǶôʱˣӦ뿪˰ɣ
Ȼ˵֮䲢δ̫Ĺ֮飬һ۾ͿóӦˡ
һκ׳棬ôҲɣڹҶˣ
СŮЩĿˣ
ҪڵĻǺȻᷢŮӾǸղŮװȥѶŮӡ
΢΢һ̾С㣬ֺαЩ΢֮ˡ
ңҾǿСͦһඣ
С㿴ЩƵ˵
ЦһС㣬Ǽ㰡һСӴ֮ˣǶлԾС㲻֮ˣ
ѽߣ˭۸Ұһ˼ҪˣɲŸɨ˰
С˿Цŵ
һĨɫϣҪԾСκεͼģ
ҪӵĻԺҿɲ˰ҳôãһѽ
СЩֵĿǸˣԹ֮ɫ
һЦˣС㣬ǼһҲܹˣ
Ϊʲô
Сüͷһ壬ɻʵ
˳Ŀ⳯ѵķ򿴹ȥʱ֮ǰ׷ͻЩˣѾǰѸΧˮйͨˡ
ѾС˵ˣʵκɹûʲôҲãʳҲգ˵˾֮֮ѣСӿȥᣬûκεıȴƴܻʳĴ֮һܼңСӦҪĴۡ
ǡȥ
СһߣѯһĿŶ
ֻ΢΢ֵС㣬Щ˵ǶҪܵĻҵԶزȥ𣿡

СЩˣʵƺܹǰȥֹȴһֱ
Ϊƣ
΢΢ҡͷС㣬ϳĻֻûбҪ֦Ǳ¶٣µʱ򡭡
ߣҪ㲻ȥĻҿȥ˰СƺЩŸɵ˼
ЦһǴܹƽµĵζұ㲻ԤСκ顣
棿
СһȻ˵ĻҲǵɴ۾ʵ
ŵЦЦȻ棬ֻΪл뿪𣿴ܻʳܼҲжţ
ãһ߲ѣǾˣܹ߳ǲκ鶼ܣ
СҲ̧ͷ˿г˶ζ
ȥСӦǱﻵˣҲ˵淴ġ
΢΢ͷϳ˵㻰
˵Ŀ⼸ͬʱѵſڿ˹ȥ
ѵſڣ
ͩ뿭ܼҺҵλѾǽΧ
ţ
ͩ뿭ɫ˼㣡
ڸոգͩһˣһ֮ǰԼһֱϵ֣
ַתͩһֱĴСôܹܵأ
Ҫһӣ
ֵģҹ
ͩ쳹ѣֻܼ֮ѵſȴֹǰ
ѣǶ۳һ
ܼҾںᣬȴ
ֻܹѵ棬ȴס
뿭ͩС㣬ҿһǲҳ˰ɣ
ߣùһܹùʮ岻ɣѣͽȥˣ
ͩɫ쳣ı䣬Χ֮ѾǽĶ
ܶ˶Ǳָָ㣬ҲҪ˭ôĲۣȻҵܼҵĴС㣡
С㣬ҪȻȻȥߵһҿһʱ᲻ҳҪǳ̴ץȥ
뿭ͩЩʵ
ͩһأһϻǼϽ𻪷ǿҪĶ񡭡
ͩҪܣҪϵǼϽ𻪷ҪĶ
ֻȴոմѵĶ¥ſڵͩ뿭ĿɿڴǣһﾹȻƿһ·˵Цġ
ƿȻʵôĵλȴء
ƽ㣬ǸһҪץȥ
ͩƿѾȲ˵
ƿ̧ͷһͩȻڴƺûκεĹϵ




1811Ӱѡ
 

ѵ⣡
ͩԼȻƿˣɫԵøӵ
̱
ƿȻˣֻͩû뵽ǣƿ龹Ȼ˵ľ
˵һ˰ƷʯĶôأ
ܼڴܻʳĵλƷʯԱģ
ôҲû뵽ƿȻԼǸһǱƷ裡
ŭˣ׵ŭˣ
С㣬ǡҲ̫ˣҪȻǳȥ˴ɣ
뿭վһԣһŭݵͩɫͬĿ¡
˿̣ͩȻŭģûɥʧǣ
뿭ĳȥˣʱˣ»ǻܼҵͷϡ
ͩ͸һɱѵıǶ۳Ƽң۳ļǻʳܹģѲԼ̫ˣ
С㣬ֻǽȥ˶ѣֲǸѹȥһһֱ棬Ѳһֱطɣ
뿭ΪԼ˵еͩȴôΪ
ͩĿĨһ˿һлÿƿ̬ȣ֮ǰĻǿôֻҪƿһֻ۱һֻۼɡ㿴ƿ̬Ȼ
ѵҲ̫Ǹˣֺֹû뵽һᣬȻƿһһ𡭡
뿭ŭҲֻܹΪʵûκνİ취
ǳ˵ȴܸʲôأ
⣬һƽһĿƷŲףǷǳϣһܹ
ֻƺżǱеĺܡ
һ㣡
ƿףԶһЩ
ֻǰƺԭģ
Ȼˣ˭ܹ֪Ȼһϵأ
Ӱ
ƿԴӰ̬ҲǺ˺ܶࡣ
Ӱ׺ƿҲҾƹֹӡ
ֹӣӰôƿЦʵ
һĹ
ҲЦЦӰĸоҲǷǳĲŮĵش֣
Ӱ׵ĿޣҲɫһлֹӣ
ƿЦŵӰһǧƷʯš
һ£
ӰĸǰȻôƷʯ˵ĸǰ
һԵӶɳˣƹһǿų֡
ǽƹȻôĴˣ
ƹǲǷ˰ǿһǧƷʯ
˭֪أҲ֪¥׷ʲô鰡
ӰĹʺҲ̫һɣô꣬Ҳû׬ʮƷʯ
Ǹֹӵ˭ȥŸһ㣬ѲɻǸɣ
£ѵЩһֹ˵
ǵ֮жǶһǧƷʯ
Ҫ֪ɽ磬һǧƷʯǾһʾ޿ˡ
ګhԺһѧ˵һǧƷʯֱԺʲôҲˡ
ӰǰЩʯҲһļͲ
ôʯƹֱӾ˦˳ԼǣԼȻЩ޹»
ȻҲ֪ôĶҲԼĹͣ
ƿǰԱɨһۣܿǱ߾Ͱ
̧ͷӰЦŵֹ˰ƷʯĶҲѵĹ涨žǣ
ƹҡ̫˰
ӰƿҲЩⲻȥ
׿ӰЦŵ֮ǰҸƹʱҲ˵ˣ˵ıԲȻѵĹأš
лֹӡлƹ񣡡
ӰԼĴЩƷʯֻǰһˮӡ
ǳӶ˵֣
ǸԭͻԼȿģҪʱװûйĻҲֲӰ
ֻ˵Щʲô
ͩǱʲôҲûţӰһƱġ
˵ʵԼһĻ뿪ңȥˡ
ֻϧû
ۿ˵ͣվҪʹĴ۵ġ
ƿӰЦŵӰһ϶֪ģӦԴܻʳһƷ佫֮Ұɣ
ƹô֪ӰЩ𾪵Ŀƿ
ƿһ۵һ¾֪ˣӰһѣ֪ûȤ
ѣҡҲ𣿡
ӰһãʵԼѵı˽Ĳࡣ
ǺǣȻˣΪѵˣԺƼ֮ˡƿ飬ʱҲ˵
ӰƿĻһԥ
ѣ
Ѳ󣬾ͳ·
ӰоһΪѣƹôܹأ
һʱ䣬Ӱѵľ֮У
׿˿ӰЦŵѣԺкܶ벻ĺôµĻ
ӰΪˣ͵֣
ټԵ֣ӰѣȻҲԵõѵã
˵һ±ıӰ켣
Ժ˭Ҫ۸ӰҲõԼ񲻹ˡ
ӰЩԥһ֮ĵͷҲһȨ֮ˣȻƹֹӿңӰȻˣ




1812±˵ͩ
 

һ㣡
Ӱ֪ѵжôţ
ߣʵϻΪ׵Ȱ˵ղ˼ͦӰ˵жǼٵġ
Ȼ˼˳ĵİҲûкĵ
˵ˣȻӰ֪ѵжôţ֪ѻǷǳġ
һԵĽĿӰ
ΪǸѵԼˣ˵ڣҲֻƿѵˣ
ͩ뿭Դƿ̬ȣӦþѵĵλǷǳǿġ
Ӱѣνһ죡
˼Լ˰
ƿԭ˼׶Ӱܲ˼
Ҫ֪׵ݿǷǳģ
ԼҵƺǰҲ׵һ¶ѡ
λ˵ĹģȹԼĵλҪġ
еĵλжôҪġ
һˣƿҪٲõĵĻԺƼһô죿
Ҫ֪Ѿȫƹˣ
ܹǰλ˵ĹϵĺһЩĻԺƿƼҿҲƽˡ
ԣƿŶ˼
ƿӰЦŵӰԺѵˣڴܻʳ˭Ҫ۸㣬ǱǺѹȥǸ뿭ֻҪ˼ҿҲǳܲģ
Ӱɴ۾ƿȻʱ䲻һοԼƹ˵˵İԵ
Ӱĵͷллƹģ
ԺƹĲƹˣҿˣȻƼ֮˱ԽƼɣӰãҵûһܲѵɾͽˣ
ƿڿɲںʲôܻʳѵĸ˵ְλ뾡ĸϻȥ
׵ĳ֣϶Ǽֵģ
Ӱһߣ˶ĿɿڴƹҡͰ
ƹ񣿺ˣӰϤһ¾ͺˣһֹӣһڸ˵
ƿ֪滹һȺڵأ
׸ոշҲ֪λ˿»ܼһҵĶ֣
Ҫͦ
һҪԼĵؽϳʲôĻʱǰԼƤˡ
õģƽ㣡
ӰҲǵͷڻЩأ
ͳŸղƿĻƺԶԼҪǿĶࡣ
ܿ죬ӰͻᷢԶҪǿѾһܶ˶֮У
׺ƿſڵķ˹ȥ
׺ƿ˳ԭͩ˵һͷ˵޶Լһ㣡
ƽ㣬ֵҿɴ˰ʲôɣ
ͩЦһ˿ƿҲ̬Ȳôˡ
һֱƿЦӭ
ֻǽ죬һѾҪʼıˣ
ƿͩ΢΢һЦͩãɷһӣ׻˵úãԩ˽ⲻ˽
ƽʲô˼ĪǼҶ㻹ñȫɣ˵ܼңڷԺܼڴܻʳȥ𣿡
ͩȻ˿̷ǳĲˬ
ƿɫıڲڸѵڸ˵ǽǸҶֹһ£ǱΪУܴСҲǳܲİɣ
ЦеĿǰͩ뿭Ȼѳ棬Ҳʡ˲ٵ飡
ͩɴ۾ƿ֮г˲ŵĹâƿ㡭ʲô˼ѲܼһȲôһ᣿
᣿Ķ𣬻˼˵᣿ֹѵĹͣƿѻߣֹڴܳǳκ⣬ǿɱѷˣߣ
ƿŭһ֪һ׳κ⣬ԼҲԶˡ
ǲΪԼǰ;ǣΪԼҲúúõıװ
ƹ㵱Ҫܼҹȥ
̣ͩô죬û뵽ֵļһﾹȻѵƿ㶨ˡ
ôƣ˵ĻܼҵͷǶѼˣ
һԵ뿭ƿӣС㣬ҿ»ǴӳɣѵıǶ۳Ƽңǿɿﲻ𰡡
úúã֣ΪһᾹȻܼҹȥƣ
ͩ΢΢ջסˣΪǻǵﲻ
ȻһֱѲδκͻȴҲҶκεͼ
ֻͩ벻׵ǣֵĵʲôķ
ȻƿԼƼҳСӣ
ʵϲ벻ףһΧ۵ĺܶ˶벻ףֻǺܶѾǶ࿴һۣ
״ҡڵĳζķȥʱ˶һľ֮̾




1813¹溷
 

⣡
ΧΧ۵Ⱥһ֮
Ȼ֪׷ʲô飬û뵽һȥһ㶼ڵӣȴܹΪ֮ͷ
һﵽ˭ʲôͷ
ܶ˵жǷһɻ֮ɫܹ֪׵˭أ
Ӱڣƿͩ뿭ʱҲһĻȣ
ѵı󣬹Ȼƽ˵ǿ󰡣
Ӱˣǳ˫hԺҲõ̫ã
ϾЩҲǿ䱳ԴģûкõԴĻҪչǷǳѵģ
ǰʮ֣Ҫͷķǳѣ
ɽ֮Уݺᣡ
ӰȻǱȱȽǣȴҲֻǱһҪ΢һЩ˶ѣ
ʵϣֻǼѵĻ»㲻ʲôõĹޣ
ϾƼǿһӴļϵ
ϵԱʵ̫ӣǼƼңһҪõƼҲǺѵģ
Ӱ֪ǣΪʶԺĵ·ƽ̹̫̫ࡣ
ܹƼһ˵ѣ˵ӰõĹˣ
һУԺӰȻȻľͻˣ
ζ֮У
С˿淢һУ˵ıȴһ
Сı쳣Ŀģ˻һ㣬Ŀɬ
ղͩ˱ˣͬĻλ
ղĵ˵벻ѣΪ˻ľС˶ģ
ĿӶʣˣ
ղǴĶ㻹ǵôС㿴ٺһЦ
ɫƵ˵û뵽Ƽ֮˾ȻΪ棬˰
ٺ٣Ҿһɣҿ˻Ǻ׼ģСЦŵ
ðɣֻҪ񡭡
ô˵أҸʲôɶܸԤŶСƺЩôߵ˵
΢΢ҡͷĬƺһֻ۱һֻˣ
ζ˳֮ǰλŮװŮӵϢһĳζĶ˹ȥ
ֻһ·üͷǽŵģ
֮ǰһֱΪԼŮֻǵƤѣ˵Լ·ƽԼЩ͡
ɵطʱȥŮӵƺ򵥣
ΪԼҪ֮Уһλɻʾڵǿ棡
һСŮȻ˵ĸֱͷȻ̫Сģ
ɣվſڸʲô
һ˽Ÿоһ
ƿţĿⲢδŮӵϣбۿ˿һԵ
ƺЩӦȻۿ˿ף
ܿ죬һεı۾
λزʶ֪Ϊ°
վſڣ˿ľСʵ
ͣ
С㿴ף΢΢һЦ
׻ŮӵĶ֪գ
溷ƣ
溷ƿףҲǺܴ˵Լ֣
ŹزʶɹͣһҸˣǾʹ˱ɣ
׵һ̽ϵľƺѾУ
๾࡭
ܿ죬һƱ׵Ķ֮У
֮ױ㳯˹ȥֻǹ溷ȴЩĵ˵ףҲƯ
ǣǾŮ
⵹Ҳʵʵ˵ղŮװʱ;ŮһǸŮ
ղŽ֮󣬿溷Ůװ֮ҲЩʧˡ
ܹʧŮ˻Ĳ࣬溷Ѿһˡ
ʲôطֹˣ溷ƵĿףһȻֱӺһƾҪˣ
оԼǳûӣԲʳĻ
ЦŵȻûУѾ˵ˣزʶοһ£
ǲˣҲиص㣬Ҳ˭ߣ˭ıߣ
溷ƿ׵ӣ
ıֻǸ׿ЦѣϾһһһ۵ģŷǳĲ
Ȼˣ溷Ҳ͸֣ʵǽţ
Ҫ˵׻˵ģǸǲܵ飡
ֻû뵽ԼһȴЩŭˡ
ȻŮ̫ĸǰұĻҲܸЩӵġ
ο˵ʶŮˣ
ͻȻð˭֪Ҫʲôأ
׿Ź溷ҲĻһǣ
ֻǵҪ뿪ʱѾ۾һɽƳ׵ķѹ




1814뱻
 

䣡
Űڿռ֮ըѿбһľ⣡
ɻʾڣ
Ȼң׵ȴûκεô
ҼСûߣ㾹Ȼߣ
֮дһ˿ѹȸУһ˿¶Ѿǳܲסˡ
öЩǣԼʶһﾹȻû̫ô
Ǹһӣг˺棡
һԵĹ溷ƺٺһЦ֪ҵ˰ɣֹӣҿ㻹ǹԹԵҺȽϵĺã
Ȼϧﲢҵѣ
Цһдһ˿ĺ⣡
溷ƿһЦɵÿûŶ
﾿ˣ
׿Ź溷ʵĲʶǰ֮ˣ
ȻҲ֪溷ƵͷԺܴ󣬿ԼӦǺ޹ϸŶԡ
ˣôԼȤأ
溷ƺٺһЦﶼѾ˵ˣֻǵֹӣֹֻƺԸ͹⣡˭ڿɲܸ㣡
ѣȴ̹ѣ˼»ҪǹôߵĻɱҲˣ
Ҳ御ˣ
ѲΪһɻʾڵǿߣܹסԼ
ֻײط˷ͻѣ
ıԼֵĻôȻҲġ
ʲôˣĵˣǱأ
٣ҵҪô
溷ЦЦŭӣǸӵĿˡ
Цһ֪νҪΪиֻ㣬Ҿûа취뿪ߣǾ͵ʲô¶ûз
˵꣬ת뿪
ȵŮˣҲǲйĽӴҲϲŮˣ
˵ˣ״ҲûҪκһŮԼ
ԣΪǵŮˣκεǨͣ
ͦ˵ϲֹֻһʽչֹһֱô۲Ļ¡
溷ƿףҲǱһЩŭ
һȻĸԼǺˣȻĸоȷǷǳĲ
һҲ̫Լ˰ɣ
΢΢һ̾ѣˣҲˣǹһеĻ
󵨣
ŭһҪ˵ʱȴ溷Ƹסˡ
溷ɫֹӣǲ֪ҸǰôĲ񡣼ȻֹӲҹһֻҪأʱߣ
С㣬㡭
һ㶣û뵽СȻҪˣ
ֻһ￴ȥȻֻڵʵҲʵǳĲܾﲻԾ
溷￴׵ʵ
ҲΪ׵ʵƣ
һ֮ˣȻԼǰ˵һֱϵԼ
Ҫһﵽ
溷Ƴ֮ǰӦҵģҸԼɣ
С㣬ϡôܹأҪ
ҿûôĽ˵ˣ˵ң
溷ЩмĿ˿ףȻ֮ǰһ˿ıֳӲʯͷĥˣ
׷ĻҲڷչĵز
ƫƫ溷ƾˣҪ׷
³ɱ֮⣬ûеڶ·ߣ
˵ˣ׼ȻǸǰȻ൱ĵģ
С㣬ɱ嶯
̾һʣµĻҲ֪˵˸˵ûʲô
ھߣһжƿ֮Уûм˵ȥ
溷ƿֵģˣҪôԹԵҺһˣܸöҪô㡭
˵һ飬㲻ҵѣ
׵Ļ̬ȣȻǰŮȥǳˮ飬ôأ
Ů˼ֱںһֱͼҪѹԼ
һŮԼͷϣŮ˵ıǿ֧ţҲǲܵģ
溷ɫһǾƲԳԷưҪ߳䣬ǵùһأ
С㣬ɲǶֵĵط
Ź溷̵ϾܳǴܻʳĳ鷳ʱ治Ū
溷ƿ׵ҲҸҳһս
ҿ˰ɣӿ²ҵĶ֣׵˵
˵ʵһвһֱĿϣ
ڹ溷ƣһ㶼ûзУ
ڣ
溷ƵŭһӴڵļһﾹȻԼ۷֮ˣ
˵
úúãֵĻѼӲĺܣһ䣬ҲӦս
溷ŭգûһ˸ҵ棬˵
ԼǱһڵ˸ˣ
ǿ벻̣




1815ҼޣҾ͸Ȣ
 

ζ㣡
ڳŭ⣬溷ƴС֮Ů֣
ûκ˸ǰ˵Ļ
Ȼôأ
һʵǿ֮˵ĻǿԽܡ
һ·ϣ·ƽȷһЩ֣ΪЩ˶Ķӵ֣
ɽҲǳʶˣһڵļһȻ˵ԼĶ֣
裡
Եĳ裡
Ҳѹֹ溷ôƣͬĶУҲҳ֣
Ͼϵĺöʵ̫̫ˣң¶ܹЩ˸
˵һڵǿߣ¶ǹ溷ƵĶ֣
ǹ溷ƽĵط
ȻڣһнǰһŪķ飬ҲѹһŵĹ溷ƾȻЩʧ̬ˡ
Ź溷ƣҪ˵Щʲôջסˣ
һǵһǣ
λźľС㣬ǲԵĻ»ĺѳɳ
ɽɽ¥¥
ûǲᶮġ
溷ƱϾһ泤Ľ˿ȸҪĳɳҪһЩĶ
Ϊʲôһԭͨһε溷Ƶĳɳǿеġ
һε飬Ǵù溷Լ
׿Ź溷΢΢һ̾Ѿ˵ˣ㲻ҵĶ֣ҪΣ
溷Ƶ˫ЩһɵҷҪأ
˵֮䱾ûгԹҲظôŰɣˣҲûκεʧ𣿡
׿Ź溷ƣʵǲԸѾͷ
Ȼ֮ǰ溷ͼŭԼҲԼ̬ȣֻڱѾͷҲεĺܡ
溷ŭ˵㻹ǲǸˣ㲻Ǻţ𣿲˵ҲĶҿǺ˰ɣ
ΪǺˣǾҺаɣܿ˰ɣ
׿Ź溷¶һ˿ЦֻƺѾЩˡ
ԭ溷Ҫ棬û뵽Լȴ׸Ļðɣ
УҲ߲ˣҪôҾҪôѡѡץߣ
溷ƿףвƺûôеӣ
׿Ź溷ʼǹȲ裬Ҳʶʶһȴ㣬ҸûкôӮҲģ˵Ҹʲô˼
ôúúãҪôӮңκ㿪
溷ƿףֵ˵
κ㵱Сװһ۹溷Ƶ
ҹ溷˵һһǶ
溷ƿŭһѾǱ׸
֮һԭ򣬾ӹΪԼף
һţ
ҲǸղΪʲô˵溷Ʋֵʱ򣬹溷һԭ
һҪˣţҲ
ۣ
һԭе׵Ļ֮˸ոպȥĲˮһ棡
㵵ĿףӴģûмһ˵ģ
СʲôݣһﾹȻķǷ֮룿
󵨿ͽ
ԭѾʧӰٵƣһһε˼㣡
һʶ֮У޾ɱ⣬ȻǱ׸ŭˣ
׿ҪֵӣҲû˵Ҿ˵ŮûǱ¾ͱѧװβǣԺ˵ʱҪϽ˿ӣʱڶ
ҽѵңҹ溷˵ľóȥˮ㿪ãֻҪܹңҾţ
溷Ҳһ¿״̼֮ټ׵˵̣һӳ׵ļİ
С㣬㡭㡭Ҫү֪ˣǡ
ĪԭĵѾʧӰ٣
£סԼĻɣκԻҸ׽ģܣ
溷Ƴȴһ˿Ĳм
һԼĶ֣
׿Ź溷ƵӣҲסˣǰʯͷԼĽţ
ԥ֮ʣ溷ƵһεղŲţֵģҲ¸㣬ҸţҲҪ
ȢŮ˵ûеĻԺҲɽˣҼޣҾ͸Ȣ
ҲǱ溷˸ˣʲôԼͲҪ
Ҫ֪״˴ɽ磬ǿΪ˸ţԵĿɵۼǿߣ
Ȼ֪ǰѾͷıӦòҲǱŴ֣
ûʲôģһŭ֮£Ҳȥ




1816ŵĹ溷
 

ֵģҪǸȢ͸Ҽޣ
溷Ҳŭȥǵ˵仰ʱɫͨ죡
ϾΪһŮӣ˵Ļȷǹ˵ģ
ʶһﵽ˭Ժη
ԭһֱݵû뵽һȻһԼ˷ļһ
һԵ⻹ԼϤǸС
Ҫ´Ž췢飡
Ҳ⣬溷ĸȻǲ֣
һߵˣƺҲǲǿȨˣ˰ҲʧΪһӣ
ֻ˷ţ༰ˣȴŪһ
һͷ
ҪһӮ˵ĻԼȥ֮½ûа취ˣ
֮£
׼һεĿڣֻûڣ׵ѾǴˣ
׿Ź溷صʱҶ
ƽĺܣصѡɽϽ֮Σϡ٣ʺϱȶ
溷ƿףƺһ˿ѯʣȴַ·߸ϣ
׵ͷԣʱҿԸѡ񣡡
ѡ㲻Ҫ·ɣ溷ЩĿס
Ҫ¶оʲôԼһ㣡
һˣһŮ˶ģ׳
㡭ߣ˵ɣϣܹһ溷ŭһ
ҪôڣҪôҰ»һһ£ڡ
õˣڣ
溷ǸŭһԼ°
ԼôҲ۷ĸְɣһﾹȻ˵һỹ£
ⲻ˵Ӯ
źأ
Ĺ溷ҪһȻڵϹĵӣ
ɱף
溷ƻûϾһԲϾɱˣ⻹Ĳǹ溷Ƶɣ
һʮ⣡
ڹ溷ƿǲɱһʱһٴⲻ˵ˣ
ã
׿Ź溷ƣȻô˵Ҳֻ֪϶ǲģ
ֻ˶ͷ϶ѣһȥľǸѼϼˡ
ȴʱǸ˶֣
溷ƿЩŭôһ¾ôأ˵ԼǸˣҿôأл˵ƨţ
С㣬ע˵
Ź溷ƾȻڵȵ֮ԣҲǿ಻ԣ
һθλҲǵ˴ùˣ
ȥ֮󣬻֪Ҫôѵأû׼һŭԼûˡ
Ҳܣ溷ЦһȻ׵Ͻģﻹûйأ
һҸһһһϣ׿Ź溷ʵ
ȻҸһһˣ㻹Ҫ
溷û˵治ףһܹ˵ģ
ܻʳܹ֮ˣҲôѣ
׳Ǻã֮أ
СӣǼС㣬Ϊܹߵ𣿡ʱЦһ
溷һĻԥһӮңұţҪǶ֣ҾͰһԸˣұѳ飡
ʵ溷ȫ˵ģɲռʲôˣ
Ӯһǰ϶飬˵ʲôûġ
һС΢ӣˣ
Ź溷ƵĻӶˡ
Ź溷ƣԭҪֵƺһӾˣ
΢΢һЦǿ͵ҵ˰
ûĥĥˣϽߣ
溷һɽķ򼲳۶ȥ˿׺Ҳǻ⳯Ǹţ
ɽϽĳɽ֮ϣ
׺͹溷վ棬ԱߣǸֶƺǲһ㣡
Ŀԣ׵֮¶һ˿Ȼ溷Ƶ¶һȲ
ʵϣ͹溷ƶΪԼס˾棬ȴ֪ǣ׵ĺֿѾˡ
ʱ溷ƻ˵㻰Ļǵʱ׾Բϧ
Ͼɽ磬һ
浽˾治ʰĵز˭ں˭أ
ಣ
溷Ƶжһ߲ŵķɽǷɽĳ֣ƺռ䶼Ϊ֮һ
Ʒ
һ־ƷԿó溷Ƶˣ
Ʋ¶׵ĵ溷ƲȴǶģ
ûи溷Ƶ˵֮ǰȻҪ͵һЩġ
룬öǲ׵óģ
ݣ
һ׵ҲǶһֻõֻһƷ
Ʒҿ㻹˰ɣ
溷һеķɽһûЦˣҲǵ٩˵
׵üͷһŹ溷΢΢һЦԸ㹻ˣ




1817Ҳ
 

ɽĳɽ֮ϣ
溷Ƶг˲м֮ɫЩ߸ϣ
еģϾԼ򲻹һԻڲ
׶սûκεĸ
οײһڵ߶ѣʵǱ߼ֱǶţëһĴڣ
ҷ֮ͦ⣬һǴ
溷Ʊ״̼ĲУҲǱ쿴׵
ƺڸ״һЩĸоǻһ֮˿ʱͶˣп߸˷ϻ
׿Ź溷Ƶȶְɣ
ȶ֣У˵۸㣡
溷ƿ׵ӣΪŵ˵
У
ڹ溷˵õģϾȫװһԵǺȣֱǴ󸻺ˣ
У
׵΢΢鴤һ£ǻ
ɲôĿҲ̫¶Լʵ
ȻҪԼУǾúˣ
Ů˷ǳԸȻǴСһֱǱųġ
һԵŹ溷ƳС㣬ɱвɴУ
׿Ź溷ƹһֵȻŹҪУҹ˰
޳ܣ
溷ƸղĻҲ֮ǰĽ
ɽɲԼĵ̣ɽ֮һЩʵƲǿ֮ˣȴŸıƣ˷ʤ
ղһڣ溷ԼҲͺˣ
ֻû뵽ףȻһӦ
ˣ
溷ƵĻδ䣬һѾ׵Χۣ
ǳɫγһССУȥ˾̾ѣ
üͷܾЩԾ
һСС֮ˣսһڵǿߣ޾ɫ
Ҫô㶺ˣҪôز©
ܹ֮ˣôǸɵأ
ȴҲôĵģϾԼǱأʵҲߣǷҲʲôָɽɣ
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һȣеɽϾ̫ȭͷԺ׿һЩ
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Ź溷ƵķȥȭӰ˸оһĿ־壡
˳֣
溷ƵĶףֻһ˿˿Ĳм
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䣡
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Ʒ
һˣôأ
ڿŮ˵Ķǲһˡ
ʦ磬ҲµòĻӦǹżҵˣ
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żң˵Ƕ۳ĵ۾
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鿴׺ٺһЦ
Цŵôʲôû˵
ղ溷ƵĻҿɶˣʦ磬Ҹ뷨һģ˼ҸҼޣ¶һȢ
뿪Ц˵ȴûκεĵǣ
׿û˵ʵڲУ㵱Ƹܹ˰ɣ
ȥʦ㲻ôҪ˰ɣ
鿴ף˱һĿţ
ˣû㿪ЦˣǴŮǶɵ۵Ůҿɵôӳˣ
׳üͷҲ
鿴û˵ɵôۻ䲻Ůզΰʦ磬ģ˵ɵ۵ŮɵҲϰ
ӣСиôʵ𲽽׶Σʱǵ˶ɵۣʵǲ֮٣
׿û˵ڲҪǣ̫鷳
ٺһЦûôĿţǶɵһŮŮɶĶ֪жٸˣҪÿһôĵĻʱ˰
ðɣܶ㻹Ǿһɣ
״˿Ѿ¶ˣǴʱ溷Ƶ˽ݣͼһʱ֮ˬ죡
ʱº
ûðʱǲֵõģ
ģذ
溷ƿǱ߷ӣҲһᣬܿʹ׵ĶУ
Ź񹦸ʵǷˣ׿Ź溷һ˵
ۣ
溷û뵽׾ȻˣȻˣ
һʱ䣬溷Щ㱣Լɶûжذ
һôأ
У㲻䣡
溷ƴ˿ЩԵСģһɵ
仹У
׷˷ۣŮ˻ǲź򰡣Ӯ˻⣿ѲɷҪ䲻ɣ




1818ܸ˰ɣ
 

溷
Լûдһأû뵽һﾹȻˡ
ôܹأ
ҪһһвܹһЩ
ԣ溷ҪʱȻǽܲˡ
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溷ĿףֻҲ֪Ҫɶײˡ
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㡭ûȫ
溷ƿף·𿴵ǰԼĵϣЩԼǰˡ
ǰ˴ӮԼÿһζǴԼʲô񹦸ɶģ
һʼ溷ƻΪԼɺŷֺܶ˶ΪԼԼġ
񿴵ģһ
׿Ź溷ƵٴȥҲ䣬ȻҶǸ䣬ǰǿԵİɣ
һԵ֮Ҳһ˿Ĳ죡
ʼնδϾǾСԼ飬Ҳò廰
ֻӦûôļ򵥣
溷Щŭˣ׵ҪٲֵĻҿɾͶˣ
䣡
δ䣡
溷еķɽѾʧУܿ׵ĸǰǿĽ
֮ɽ
ಣ
ڽҪִӵһ̣Ѿʧԭأ

溷ƸڿвһԵȴ֮ɫ
֣
ٴֵСӾһ֣
λжԼҵľС㲻һ棬ٿ˵˵ʵԲڹ溷֮£
һԲһֻʱԱһ㣬Ķף
һĹ򣬹溷Щ
ղŵһ񹥣ƺֻƵǣǰһﾹȻһ¶ûУ
׿Ź溷ƹֵŹ¿Ը˰ɣ
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溷ƴ˿ƺһЩʲôղԼƴȫȴ˼ҵ½󶼲
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ҪôӮңҪôҹģûе·ߣ
溷ŭһӸŭˣ
ԭΪĴ򲻹Լűһһ
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׵ҲЩŭˣ
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ݣ
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һ
ǷɽǱĻһ㣬ڵһʧĸǰ
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Ҫ
΢΢ɵҪֵʱȴѾˡ
Ǽһĳʵ̫ˣ
һն䣡
溷ƵĶͷ֮ϣһĨ˳ƶ£Ʋɵ
һ̣
溷ƻҪ类Ĩȥˣ
ֻɽҪն溷Ƶһɲǣͣסˣ
ͣ˾溷ƶͷֻвһֵĵطǿ񱩵Ľķ˿裡
ɫɷ׵Ĺ溷ƣһƺܵĿ־壬Ǳ߾þûлع
׿Ź溷Ƴ£ܸ˰ɣǣ
С㣬û°ɣ
һѾ˹溷Ƶĸǰ˿ɫҲһĲ԰ף
ղһĻʵЩŵˡ
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溷ƺЩع׵һֵĸ֮ɫ
ˣ
ûκ׵£Ȼˣ
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˾ˣ
溷ƿףɫЩӵ˵ҡˣ
̵С㣬ⲻǸЦѣ⣡ֻҪɱ˴ˣ
ȵΪ޾ô۸
һ䣬֮ҲһĨ˵ɱ




1819ɱ
 

ɽ֮ϣ
״ǰһɵϻֳ
һ٣
ļһһٶвԼΪԼûа취ɣ
ֻղҪ¶ѣ
ߣССʥ۾Ҳҷٹ
Ź溷ƻվһ߸ϵӣ˿ŷǳĲ
ޱλΪѣȴһٶҪɱޣΪûа취
׵Ĩһ˿ɱЦһ
һСС𣬾ȻڱʵǰԲѣʽձҪʲôͣ
һ˿мһԵĹ溷Щԥ
ֹӵĶԼӦ֪ɣ
С㣬㡭㲻ᵱ˰ɣһôܹأʹð
ŵĿŹ溷ƣȥҲ൱Ľţ
Цһȱԣһ
Сӣʿǻˣ
һҪΪ溷ƵĻ˿ѾǴˡ
Ϊ溷Ƶԭ֪Ӧôˣ
Ź溷һĳ׵ķ˹ȥһε֮ǰ溷ƶ˵Ļ
һʱСĺСһԸԼľˣ
ȿķչƲס
ǵ˾С㣬ҲҪСӶɱҡ֮У
ʱ򶫷۾ŭҲǳԲ˶ˡ
溷ͳһö׵ֹӣҹ溷Ըķ䣬ҵ壡
ŹǺ⣿׿һ۹溷Ƴ
Ե֪𣬻עԵɣԵǳԵͿǵ컯ˣ
溷ƴ˿̸һƸеŮӣ΢΢һЦ
£ں֡
̲ס̣Ź溷Ƶӣ˶ˣ
Ƕﰡ
Լû뵽ŵ¾Ȼһسŵ֮ˣ
溷ƿ΢΢һ̾ҹż֮ˣ˵㻰֮㲻Ȱˣ
ŵ£һУǿݹūµּܲˣ
ͻȻ֮еһ˿ɱȴ˳
溷Ǻεݣ
Ƕɵ۵飬Ǳ۾֪ԼıŮȻô׵ĽԼиһСӵĻ
ǵʱµ۾ĻŭˣڵҪ黹ѿ״̬׵ĽĨɱ
ǴСҳģӦ֪ҹ溷ƵΪˣȻˣȻԸķ䡣Ҳ˵ҵݣһѰ֮ˣ˼ҲضԼģ𣿡
溷ƿ͸һӵļᶨ
׿˿溷ƣû뵽С椻ͦǿģ
ʵǹ溷ƳҲǺ顣
ϾزʶˣĻô˽أ
οڻҲ֪˹溷Ƶݣ֮ˣǶϷأ
ʵ׻һӿµĲ²⣬ǾǴŮѾǱʲôԼ֮ġ
ҪҪ˽ɣ
ĻԼʱⲻҪͶɵһˡ
һ뵽ߣ׸оԼһͷ
£Ӧ֪ݣһǲܵ飡ūһֻ۱һֻۣô۾һأ
Ź溷ƣҲǳƵ˵
֮˵ѾܻˣһѾһˡ
ǱߣʵʱԻҪɱֹӣǱһɱ˰ɣ
溷ƿһףĶͷҲšһ֣ƺǳļ֡
΢΢ҡͷŵ£ūūܿһ̶ū֪пƣЩվҪҪԵġ
֪˼Ϊֲأ溷һ̾
΢΢һ֮̾󣬵ܹȥʲôطأ
ҲҪȥʲôطֻǲڸ׵ȨֻǼ޸һͨˣȴҲ޸Ǹһ
溷ƵĻпһ£ʲôʲô
ȻһѪľ飡
ֻԼȥôӹ
Ӧ֪ūְڣһƳҲɱƵƵ
溷ƺδ죬һֻϣԷŹ
£µѾ̫ˣ
΢΢ҡͷܾ˹溷Ƶ
Ϊʲôһ޹֮ˣ
溷ƿɫ൱ѿ
һЦµѾ˵֪ūµҲһǴɵ۵ĶУʱʲôĺŵӦñһɣΪôܹ£
ưȫԼλ
֮ǰһֱûв廰ԵΪʵԼû̫Ĺϵ
溷֮νĶԼԼЩЦ
һλɵ֮Ů׵ļ޸Լأ
ֻǵɵ⼸ֵʱҲһ˿˷֮飡
ͬĵ˰
ԭΪĴɵһ飬ڿˣ
˿̣ѾСȻĳˣľѾעǲˡ
ҲڿǲҪ㣡
׵׹һ㣬˸оһ⡣
ԭǱ˵͹溷ƣͬʱͷת˹




1820սɻ
 

ɽ֮ϣ
ûаǰ׵һ̲ˣ
ղҪǹ溷һԺĻͶնɱŰļһˡ
һγҪĿǱ溷Ƶİȫ
ڿŵ¾ȻҪһ鶨ɱ
ǰ֮˱
׵Ķ壬ҲǼҪ飡
ֻǵŵ֮ʣû뵽СӾȻһεܳ廰ˡ
ѾһҪ֮ˣȻ֪һЩ
ȻҵԼ˵ҪնɱԼԭһ˿ѾǱĥƽˡ
溷ƿ׵ӣҲǶŽһôô֪ô
ԭ޻ĲԸ˻ˮǿˣԸҲûа취Ȼޱƿؾ˰ɣ
΢΢һ̾Ĳ֦鷳ˣȴ㲻ˣ
Ȼ㲻ˣȻҪΪǿˣ
ССǴԲѣ
Ҳ̲סˣһԹ溷εİܷŹСˡ
ԲѣߣǾһλɻʾڵĸ֣ǲǴ֮еô
׵˲䱩ǣдһ˿ɱ
â
ĿԣһҵĻ𻨣
İɣʾʧ
һеһɽѾУ
һ̣˵ӰѾǳ׵ʧ˵ĸǰ
溷Щ֪ĿͻȻֵˣ֪ҪȰѾˡ
ֻܹรˣ
˵ҪԼԵĻҲֳһز
ҲǷǳպǰһҪһֱôĲĻҲֳӣ
ʱһĻ˱һЦˣ
ֻһжֻʵȴѾ˲ݵľˡ
溷ƿӣĲ֪һŵ״ʲôطðģ
ŵǣһ֪ǵݣֵû˰ɣ
ɹ溷Ʋ֪ǣѾǲµǵݣ
֣ȻҲԼֵɵģ
䣡
֮УһѤĽӰ
һһ£ͬĽѾ׵Ͽɱ
ɻʾڵŵµ׾ȻܹסԼĵһУҲ㶣
ֲôĺᣬȻЩڲֻͬ
ףһ˿м
ܿ죡
һ޴ĽӰĸ˿Уɻʾڵĸ֣κδϢĻᣡ
ոսһףûվȵһǿĽѾǺ
˪
ͣ
¡
ԭ׽µɽʯѾ˲䱻飬ڵǵɽҲѾǱƽ
˪
зһ˿̵ζҵһȣ˲䣬֮Ϊ֮ʧɫ
溷ƿ˵Ҫ
ֻϧĺѾǳˣ
溷ƴĿ׵ķһ˿įһ֮лĴԼ
Ļǰһôܱɱأ
Ļ˼һźúõģһоΪԼļЦ
׵üͷ΢ͬʱоԼһǿʶˡ
ɻʾڣȻģ
˵ʵҪʶҪǿĻ¸ղѾˡ
ǰһУƺ֮֮ǰҪǿһֹЩ޿ɱܣ
·ʤ
նʽʽ
ֻһһնֻأ
ҧҧĿǰܹǿѧҲɱС
໣
׵ŭλΪһɫĽɫĽɱȥ
һһ
֮һĽ֮
ײ̵ɽ֮һ㣬ɷǶ
ܿ죬׵һĨɫĽͱɫĽûˣ
ʵĲֲ࣬
ǿԺɻʾڵǿ߶սܹսʤ֮ѾǼˡ
ɻʾڣǾԲɻʾڿԱġ
֮䣬ȻֻһСϵĲ࣬սУǼֱǵ蹵һ㣡
ۣ
׵ϣɫһ˲佫Ӹ˺ѿ
˿Ѫֹ
˿̣оһķȻܵҹĽ
˲ᣬ֮Ҳ
û뵽һﾹȻܹסԼǿһȻܹ˵ԼȻֻ˵һ˿
Ҫ֪Լɻʾڵǿ߰ʱȴҲûǰǰˣ
һԵĹ溷ɿԼŵ˫֣ŰڵЩף˶ˣ
һ֮ˣӲǿһ
һﻹ
ѾԽսˣԽһ󾳽˰
ֲ˼֮ǰôĿԼڿ˼ҵȷпԼɰ
һ̾ȻǸӣֻǿϧ˰
ֻ֪׸ҸȻ˺ֵģ
ȻװˣɲӮˣ
Ǳ˵ӣЦһҲˣ޻ΪɻʾжôĲսʤأ




1821Ȧ
 

ˣ
ĸԭ׼׵һεŭգ
һһţ˵һŻҪţܶ࣡
˵һôԼΨһһܹ𾳽սɻʾļһ
ôأ
˵һ𾳽ļһ
ڣԼʱһϣ
ֻֻϣ֮ǰЩҪѲһЩ˵ӵļһЩ˶ѣ
һԵĹ溷ƿ׵ӣף㡭ô𣿡
ŹĪҲ˵Ϊͷͻң׵ʵ
ҡһᾡȰҪ˺ġ
溷һ˵ʵڶЩΣ
úõһˣӲıļЦƵͶ·ˣ
ȻˣҲǹ溷ĵز
һˣɱҲɱˣһӿ鶼벻ˡ
£ظ˷Ѵ࣡
һεὣԭûдףֻ̼ӿ˶ѣ
Խ˵ķǾŵ¾Խûɲնɱӣ
ٺ٣ɻʾڣñһԣ
ݣ
һɫӰѾǰȻ˲Զһɽ֮ϣ
Ȼ
֮ǰһֱڳɻʾڵʵѾǰٳ߸ͷһ
Ϊɻʾڵǿߣ
СͷȻҪɱʦ磬ҲԼʲôɫ
ҲǴһͷð˳׳ֵˣпһ£
˿̣ĿѾǷ׵ϣǷСˡ
㡭ǡ
ʿˮųҲһ¿ˮ
ͬΪɻʾڣԸоԼһأ
ͷҪɱҼˣ
С˵ɲˣıƢȥ쳣ͣ
㡭ˣ
±ˣôҲû뵽龹Ȼᷢչһ
һɻʾڵʣȻˣ
ҾȻһڵСΪˣоԼˡ
Ҫ׶ĻǴҲġ
һɱ
ֹӡ
溷һΣһǸϽͣף
׿Ź溷¶һ˿ЦݵŹҲҪȻ˺ϼһǧټƵҪɱңһ
㡭Ǻôĵӣ֪ҡ˭
˿˵ȻûκεĵϾղһҪնɱˣȴ䵽˱˵У
Ψһı¾Լˣ
۳ˣѲ޾Ͳɱ𣿴ˣɱȥ۳չˣȴڿ̫
׿֮зһĨ䣡
ɱߣبɱ֮
ֹӣ㡭Ȼ֪ǵݣǡǡ
溷һӲ֪Ӧ˵Щʲô֮ǰ׵ĶעȫΪԼоױȽ׵Ϸ
̽ԵĵϷһ£ֻû뵽ǣôĶ
ͷһûиһȴû뵽ѾǱһˡ
Ҫҷϼһ׿Ź溷ʵ
ֹӣ˵ģԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬ֮ǰĲףҿǸ
溷ƿף͸һӵǸ⣡
ü۵£ôܹǸ󡭡
Сųģܹ㣬Ǹкηأοȷҵˣ
溷ʵЩڣԭԺѵģ
û뵽վȻչӣѾ˲ݵľˣ
û뵽飬ȴʵ
ߣΪǣһҵҪ
ʶǵصĳķѹȥ
ԭ׵׻һĿ飬һ˿ţ
һɻڵǿߣ
ˣһ￴ȥƽ棬ô˶ĸ֣
ƺҲûôһﰡ
溷ƿӣ׵ֹӣ֪ҪʲôſϷŹֻҪģҾԲһüͷ
Ȼǻȥͨ籨ţ鷳Ұһʵ
ֹˣҹ溷Ե۳Źģҡ
溷ƾ׼Ǳģû˵㱻׸ˡ
װڰֵǾŹֻǻʳĹڷҲνڵһλ۳ĹҪǳǺܲң
ֹӣΪΪ⣬ȻӲҵĻǾ빫ʾ
溷Ƶʱȴ侲ֵ۳ķ緶Ҳ˳
ҵһ취ǲ֪ŹԸԸˡ
׿Ź溷ƣҲ¶һ˿Цݣ
֮Ĳޣ
ǶԷǵ۳֮ˣȴҲһݵľ棬ҪĲʱѣ
뵽취Ҳֵòһ




1822¼ʱ
 

ɽ
Ѿƿ˾棬ҲǱ¶Լĵƣ
ڸѡҲֻ·һ·նɱǰˣһ˰ˣ
һ·ײȥѡϾ溷Ƕɵ۵ŮһҪǵ̫ݵĻԺ¾ǲݵľ棡
ȴҲҪ¶Լֻܹѡڶ·Ǿǿסˣ
ȷһЩգȴٻһЩ
һԵһ£ǧҪӦһūϧ¿ɲҪΪū
ߣ㵱ȻϧǹŹĻڱɱΣ
׿ȻǱߴģҲЦһ
Ҫ˵溷Ѿǳֹӵ˵ɣ
ʵϣ
溷ڻеѡ
ղԼΪţǿƷɱ
˼Ѿƿ˾棬ҪǱҪ˵ġ
׿Ź溷ƵӣҲ΢΢׵ŹһöҩֻҪ֮󣬽ޱ뿪
ҩ
溷üͷ֪׺«ʲôҩ
֪öҩԲôļ򵥵ģ
һóһͨڵĵҩĿŹ溷Ƶ£ǧҪСӵĵ
Ҳ㣬һҲΪҵȵİȫǡ۳ʵǿᣬ޿ɲôף
׵һӣһöҩ˹溷Ƶĸǰ
溷Ƶĺ֮зһ๾
ʵֹӣĪҪֵҩң֪
ǵѣҲҪƹŹֻǲöȻȥˣλȥֲֻĻöҩȴҲԹŹκεӰ죡
׿Ź溷ƣҲ΢΢һЦ
ʵϣöҩʲôҩֻ׫һöҩѣ
ĸ溷Ʒ¶ҩĻ丸׵ʵҪƽⵤҩȻûκε⡣
ԣ׫һֵҩǶв
ʲôҩֹӼȻҪҷµҩ֪ܵⵤҩʲôɣ
溷ЩƵ˵Ҫ֪һԼµĵʲô
׿Ź溷ƵöҩĵɫζΣڹŹûκε˺ǡ
ʲô
溷һĵ⼸ֵʱ򣬾͸оһĲ
һͲʲôö
׿Ź溷ƵǹŹϼһڶɵ۸ǰǿɾ͹ֲˣ
ⵤҩƺû
溷ƽʾ֭Ҳ벻ĵҩڣ׶׫ģȻ֪ˡ
΢΢һЦԼƵģɵۼǿߣҲ뽫ⵤҩˣȻˣŹҲģֻҪǲ˵ⵤҩȻᷢ
ô˵Ҫһֱˣ
溷üͷ΢һĺɣ
ⵤҩ˵ôҲЩ̫ţ˭Ҷģ
ǹ溷ԼˣԲ˵ġ
ʵϣ׷Ź溷Ʋ˵һǸ̫ˡ
׶׫һöҩľǹ溷
ŹҲôţöҩҩǧѣǧ֮ԶɢֻҪǧ֮УŹܹسŵĻ
׵Ļδ˵ǹ溷Ѿˣ
һԵӲͣתţⶫһֱžŵµĻĻƴֿ
һ̫ˣ
Ȼһǧ޳ʵǧһ˵㳤
ɻʾǿ˵ɣٰʮʵС˼
ǧꣿһգ۵ĹҲ͹ȥˣ
ԣʱҲ侲
溷ƿüǧꣿʱ䵹Ҳô˵Ļأ
޵ţôẦأ
׿Ź溷Ҳ¶һ˿ζЦݡ
˭˭ţԴŵ𣿡溷ɫһ죬һε֮ǰĶԼ
û뵽һʱȻ˼飡
׹һЦ޲İѣҪɱǣ޻бҪ߸Ƿϻ𣿡
ãҴӦ㣬ϣ˵㻰
溷һ룬˵һҪɱǵĻֱ練ƣ
һԵҲû֨ΪĿǰǽΨһ취
˭ϧ
ɻʾڵǿߣȻҲϧģȻֳһηģ
Ź溷Ʒµҩһ̣ʵĺһ䲻Ҫ
ɸ֮ǰǷŭģȣһοȥֻ߸ѣ
Ź溷ƽҩ£¶Цݣ
һУƺǰš




1823¹溷ƵĻԼ
 

ɽ
溷ѾǷ˵ҩڼ
һů֮⣬ƺûиоκεĲʡ
˵ɫζ
ҩƺɫζ溷ƶоԼһЩ
ֻǵҩʵЩˣһͲʲôö
溷ôкܴһԭΪϾǴСԼˡ
Ȼͣɹ溷ƲôһŮҲЩĿ࿴ˡ
ôȴҲûа취
Ź
׿Ź溷һӣЩˡ
溷ƿף֮дһ˿ֹӣѾ˾ĵҺ뿪˰ɣ
뿪Ҳǿ뿪뿪֮ǰмҵҪʣ
׿˿溷ƣҲЦŵ
ʱʣ
溷ǽһЩһԼˡ
Ҳ֪ѾǱ˸ˣķĻǿ˶ûκ֪
һĬƺѾڵĴ
ǹ溷Ʒ˾ĵ֮˿ȥЩȻ
׿Ź溷Цŵղͷ˵ʲô˲˵飬ô£
ҵƺûйϵɣ
溷ҧҧڿ׵ŵĶǷŭ֮飡
ö۳ĹȻôһļһŪ
Ҫ˵ȥǿǶ˵Ľడ
ԣڵĹ溷Ƹ˵һ˿ζ档
׿Ź溷ƺٺһЦ˵Źˣ˵ղңӦҵ˰ɣ
Σ
溷ƿףһڵ
ɫһŹĪսҵģѲҪϼһˣ
㡭
溷ǽһƣһ׵ĻҲ˲ûƢ
һЭģ
ѾЭӣ׻ûа취
׿Ź溷Ƶֻ˽һ¶ѣ˼һܹæҲ˵أ
㣿Ҳ޷֪Ҳ
溷˼һҲǲΪľ
ֻܲͱ˵Ӷѡ
׿Ź溷Ƶϴ
鲢ܣ۳ɵ³֮ӶлԼ˶ѣ
溷Ƽ򵥵һ仰͸顣
üͷ΢΢³֮ӣʲôʱɻ飿
Ҳ֪
溷΢΢ҡͷҲֻ֪ѣʲôʱ仹δ
ֻѾǰ϶ˡ
溷Ͼϣϸ϶ǲ޵ġ
˶ĹҲգ֮顣
룬һ΢΢һЦˣ֪ˣ߰ɣ
ǿˣ
溷ԭΪҪʶģû뵽һﾹȻֻһԼȻԼˣ
һ˿ɻףƺЩţ
׿Ź溷ƵŹĪǻҪҲɣԵԻع
ޣ˭㣡ߡ
溷ƺһ뿪طֻǽ췢ȴһֻ֮ȥĸо
ȥķͳҲǿٵĳ˹ȥ
üͷһԵĳҲǺòȥ
ʦ磬Ҫߣʵ
ЦŵߣѲɻɱǰ
ǿǶ۳۾ŮˣͲǱ𣿡Ҳһĵ֮ɫ
鿴Ҳǵͷʦ磬ǾĵҲǸٵģһ
ʱ٣ЩԽǼٵģԽգ׵˵
ǸղɱǵĻ
Ĩһ˿⣬ֻɱ˲Ϊյġ
һйܣʱǱΪ۳׷ɱĶ󣬿ɽҲû֮ˡ
׳Ҳûױ¶˵֮ǰͱ¶ˣֻⶫɵۺ滹кֵĻ·ûɵۼǷˣɵ
Ҳԣʦ磬ô죿鿴ʵ
Цŵôô£Ǹǻǻ㲻֮ƣֻǿΨһĳ·ҿһ㣬ⶫɵƺ³ɵ⵹һϢ
ܹԸɵ³ĻҲһЩ
һᵽ³֣Ҳŭգ
̫幬³ʱۿŵġ
㡭ҪԸɵۣ
׸ʱһԵĳѾŵЩ䡣




1824±ף
 

˿ŸоһĺЦ
һһҪԸɵ۵ʱоʲô˼һ㣡
Ҳѹ֣κ׺ĶԻ¶о˷ˡ
𼶱֮ˣζԸɵۼǿߡ
ӦɽЦû֮һ˰ɣ
Сɵúú˰ԺǶԸ³һս
鿴ųӣҲǿЦ
ȥһս˵ɱЦ˼һָͷܹҸŪˣ
ͷǲ˹һҡţȻǺµ˼㣡
׿ųӣҲǹһֵ飬ͱһˡΨһץʵܹʲôʲôڶԸ³飬ĿǰҪǣ
ǣʦ磡
Ȼ˵ļ򵥣óһĨ֮ɫ
вһ۳ĹⱾڵ裡
һп̽䣡
ΨһľǲϵԼʵ
ͳʧƬ֮УܿҲǳŴܳǵķ򼲳۶ȥ
㵴ɽĳ֮У
溷ƺһ·Ŷȥĳͣ
Ъһɣ
溷ƵɫȻƺδղŵϣ
£ܻʳȫοоĵ֮ūǸϽ·ȥʥϿɣ
Ź溷Ƶȫ䱸ģȥЩţ
ղ׵һĻνһеĳ裡
֪ɻʾڵǿߣǻһλʣûκεĻᡣ
ǹ·ǾĵѾˡ
溷Ƴ鵽Ϊֹ͵ûзɣ
£⡭ôˣʥʵǿʥϲ£
жڶɵۻǷǳŵġ
ں޲̻ص۳˹ϵĶȻŪղ⼸Լ˵ļһ
溷ѲҪǼһȻ֪ҵݣôΪûʲôĻղô
ԼǣūĻյľɱˣһʱԲܹǣϣϾһʵص̫ˣ
ҲòϣһҲ̫װˣ
Լˣοأ
ߣһģһ˻治Ķ֡
һ뵽ߣҲ亹ֱðܹ뿪Ѿ˰
溷Ƶ۶ԴѾ˾ȥɣ˵Ҳûκεʧ
ǼһȻ۹£ﰡ
Ϊ׸溷ƵĶԼڻҲ룬ͷβ׶Ǳġ
溷¶һ˿ŹֵЦݵ㲻Щ𣿡
֣Ź溷ɻʵûʲôֵİʵЩŹ֣
ǰ˵ʵһʼǿСе㶣Ѱ˼û¶ӣû뵽һﾹȻҴôľϲ
溷˵֮ϾȻһ˿Цݣ
һԵŶЩɵˣڵĹӦǱײŶ԰
Ź溷Ƴµ˼ǡ
ǵɵ³֮ӵĻԼոնµʱȥˣ
溷ƿ¶һ˿ĪЦݣ
Ȼǵã˵ʱҲû˵ʲôЩɻ˵
溷һ֮ʣĵĸ˵֡
£˿ǳӰ˵ʲôˣ
ҲǱ溷ƵĻȤֻ֪溷ʱ˵ĻǺ⣿

溷ƵĿ֮дһ˿ϣȻ֪˵˵ʲô˼
ȴ֪ԼĻԼ֮дű
ʲôԼҲ֪
˵˼ǣºɵ֮ӵĻԼڱǡǵʲô
Ҳһ뵽֮ǰ溷Ƶһ˿ѰѲղСйأ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
͸ղСܹ۳Կ˵ȥҲûŰ
溷̾һͬʣֻ˵й¶ֻǱǶ
µ˼˵ղֵǱ⡭ôܣ
㵵ʵ
溷΢΢ҡͷȻǣϾܹ˶ɵ֮˱Ȼͬ죡ǼһȻ˹Ŀ࿴ҪԿɵۻ̫ܡ˵ʵֱղҲ˵Ļ
ū֪ˣµ˼һūԻУбɽҪȷѪ˰
֮ǰ׵ڵķĿҲǱһЩ
˷ٵʧɽһƬ֮Уɼǹ溷ԼҲ׾
Ͼһçôܹ۳Ტأ




1825Ժ֮
 

hԺԺ
һߵʱѾǵڶ硣
мҪӫhԺǰˣΪڴ
ϾˮϢҲһĿģټϢҲһЩ
ֻ溷ƵĲЩоѪ
Ѿˣ׵Ҳһ֮ˣֻԺҪһˡ
ȻĽ˫hԺǰȥķڵķ
ס
˿̣Ҳһƣ׵Ѿ˵ˡ
ֻԺ˻Ҫһף⿼ֶǲ֪
ɾ뿪λʱ䣬һӰӶ
һջ
󻻽
ǱҴɣҲԸ⿴ġ
ο׼˺ܸߵ׿ԸһЩ漣Ҳ˵ء
츱Ժ˵Ǽһǲ˰ɣһСС֮ˣ治֪ôӦȥμλģѲɽԺûˣ
УĶ滹ˣһķһ
hԺķλǺнģһ۱ԿګhԺʲô
ɫݾǫhԺĸԺ
һѧǰɫΣѧһ㶼ǴɫΣÿһɫݺ͵λ
֣Ժǲú𣿡
Ŷ֣Ժ¶һ˿Ц
֣Ժ֣ɷ磬ǫhԺλһĸԺֹܵǫhԺܲ
ʵ֮ĹϵͬһѧԺĸԺô򵥣
ﰵһֱǶȥ֣
֣ɷ粻мһЦɽԺǵʵһ
˶ûмţֺα¶أҵǶЩġ֣ɷ絭˵
ģһСС֮ˣҿԽԽȥ˰Ȼһȥμλ
֣ɷŭһ
֣ɷӣҲǲŭĪ֣Ժ䲻ɣ
䣿ʲôʸұȣǰʮ߸ߣΪ㻹л᣿ҪĻˣ
֣ɷЩ߳ŭȻ˵Ĺϵƺ̫á
֣ɷӣЦһȻ֣ԺΪѾˣֱӿͺˣ
ԺҪϣһСС֮ϣΪӦûǵ֮Լɣ
֣ɷ翴Ҳ¶һ˿Цݣ
ҵȻ֪һδʳ֮УԺѧԺ˭λߣô͵һԶԺѡ˵ʸǰɣȻҴӦ֣Ժһĭһڶ
˽ţȻԵɵģ
ʵһֱ֣ܵɷѹƣһʱ򣬸֣ܵɷ䣡
һŭ֮£ŭ֣ɷ磡
֣ɷȴһƺȴĶľ֡
ʱһȣӦ֣ɷ磡
֣ɷګhԺɽԺǼǰʮȻ֪ġ
ЩҪǰʮЩ˼ǲܵ飡
ֻȻǴӦĶľ֣ȴһҪ
ҪҪһ˴ܻʳhԺμλ
˱ף
Ҳ֣ɷҪһˣ
ãϣܹŵԣһҹǸ㣬Ժ⼸£Ͳ׵ˡԺ˵ˣ˶ҫhԺʹܻʳ棬ǡ
֣ɷЦһ
üͷԺ˲ô˵ģ֣ԺֺαسƤأʱǹʿ֮ʣѲԺ˻һΪһ֮˽˵˲֮
㡭
֣ɷɫǺ죬ʵǲӰ
˵һȷǳƤ죬Ժֻ˵ǾҪ̫ѹ
Щ֣ɷΪ˸Լѹô˵ġ
֣ɷ΢΢һ֣̾ɷ磬˶ԹͲҪǣĶɣǴʳɣͣ
ߣϣһλ㻹ôӲ
֣ɷ翴һĨ⣡
Ϊʲôһ֮ôģ
Ѳ̫ӵ񵽵ʲôʵ
Ҫ֪һhԺеϣǼ̫ӵµϰ
Լļˣ
뵽ߣ֣ɷɫֳһ˿˿Цݡ
һ뵽֮ǵùģоͿĵĲС
˵ĵط
ɽ硢绹׽磬ʵ׿û
˵ĶԻҲ΢΢ҡͷͷԼͦİ
һƵӣҲǳ˹ȥ




1826±Ƶ
 

hԺĳԺڣ
һҷ˱ǣһڣɽ棡
ʱվԼĿ֮ڣɫÿղű֣ɷôһ̼ҲǷǳĲˬ
ʵһѺѹľλ۵۾ı
ֻҲ֪ϣȽϵãȻսʤ˴ʥλ׸ôأ
ʵϣλҪп̫ˡ
ֻ֣ɷ統ڸŪ²̨ҲֻܹűӸѼϼˡ
ֻлɽһ·ˣ
ֻһϢûУƲѡ
һϣû˵ĻûгѾˡ
ǰ
ܻʳʥǰhԺʿʥּܹλǱֱӷ
Ҳ֪hԺΨһлùھˣǱǵ̫ӵ£
ֲɵӣҲ֪һԼˡ
ֻ֣ɷСˣзǳĲʶѡ
츱Ժþò
һƵʱ׵Ӱ˳
ףǰһܿ˵ʥϣҲ̫׼ʱ˰ɣ
·鵢һ£ûгٵɣ
׿Ҳ¶һ˿Цݵ
΢΢ҡͷٵȻûгٵһЩʱҲǺõģʡԺ˳濼ˡʱ䣬ұǰʳǣ
Ҹ츱ԺЩƵʵ
Ȼǣ֮⻹ˣɽԺ֮ˣ
֮ǰ츱Ժ˵hԺһ𣿡Ƶʵ
ԭǴһģֻ֣ɷ硭ˣ˵ˣڴʥֻҪ֪ɽԺԺĲһ߾ˣ
Ҳǲڽô࣬ء
׵ͷһЩǺһЩԭһһ˳š
˵ʥ׼ôһҿǷ˺ܴ˵Ժ˰İɵøҳ
ףҲû̫ĵ
׹һֵİɣ츱ԺλĹھ־ڱصã
־ڱصãʥϵĻǲһ㰡ֻǴʥϿ²֪λжôĿֲ
΢΢һ̾һҲ̫ܴ˰
λκ˶˵ԼܹӮΪÿһƺǵĵƣ
˵ѧԺһЩһһǿ˹Ĵڣ
Ȼ£Ǳ츱ԺһжֲඣȤĻϱˮ񡣡
׿Цŵ
һˮ֣ƺҲʲô
׸ϽϱҵѽԺȰ㻹˼ɣʳǿ׳ˮԺһĴڣ۸ڶ׷߿Ǵʳ̫ӣ˵㡭
ƺ֮ǰѾ֪ˣ񲢲ʲô°ɣˮҪˣ
׵˵ˮŮˣǲɸĵʵ
ֻǽԼŮ˴ȥѣ
ɻʵʥϵĵϸҲˣƺˮûκεĽɣ֪ʥΪȴҪçײ֮£
ȿȣϲһŮ˺񡭡
ײǲ˵ԵɣЩڻ˵ѡ
ʵϣһҲǻɽһ·ûκѡ
һʥ£Ȼڳ˰ֻǰ;գʥ˼а
װڰֵ˵ˣѾ
Ǽᶨɫԥһʥò裡ĳֻЩѶѣǴʥһеĻǡ
츱Ժα£ƺҲû˰ɣ
׿ֹӣҲЦŵ
ʥϣҿ˵ǰ棬ʱƴʳǱĸΪܻʳ²Ϊģ
Ҳȴ˸Ԥˣ
ʳڼʳ֮ʵΪǿ֡
ʵһֱڶûиګhԺĸǰ˵״е뷨Ŀģ
֮һˣ
Ժߴʥ֪һҪȥλȥµĻͶɱѿ֮ˡ
Ҳҿסû˵ܻʳǲðˡ
׿һ΢΢һЦ츱ԺһȻ֪Ϊ츱ԺġĳҲи֮롭
ʥ˵
ôҲ÷׵ӡ
ЦŵԺûпǹҴףΪҴ½ѧԺԺأ
ȥ׵Ժ
һסˣһﻹĸ밡
ԼúõīhԺĸԺȥһѧԺԺ
˵ˣһҲ˼ѧԺ˵İɣ
ʼ츱ԺҪڻشҡˣǻ˵˵λ°ɣ
֪ʥҪ֪һЩʲô
пյ췽ʽŪЩͷת
֪ǵ˹ھʲôûУ
׵ĻûһĸˤȥһﻹûȥأȻŶڣ
Ƕô׵ĻһҪȥأ
һеȥ˴ʳ֪ˣȥʳһƬ̹;
ü޷֮֮
һûһǱţ˵ʵڴҲǲϣ
֮
׺һһṲ̊ǰʳ̣




1827ɽ
 

ܳǱſڣ
׺˳ű۶ȥһ·˳Ĭԣ
һֱһǳصʱ˸طϢ
ζ¥
ĸһĵط˿ҲһװǫhԺ֮ˡ
Ͼ⣬hԺڴܻʳʹһЩ
ȥĻʳĻǿ»ǳܶ鷳
˵찡ôʱˣҲһ£׿һԵ˵ʵ
ʥϣ«hԺȻ
ȻƺЩϤȹֵ
ȻԱߣǸĽСɰŮҲ¶һ˿ЦݵYʥϣ
⣬мǵ͵ԺǼֱɡ
׵ͷû⣡
ȻYҲǵͷʾͬ˵
ʵ϶ɽԺѧ˵ڶ׻Щɵ
Ͼô˵նɱһλڵǿߣһ˻ǲ˼ȴң
˼ССѾ۾ȻǲɸȻЩࡣ
ȻYѾǲȻĽ׵ǵĴһˡ
ģ
΢΢ͷ׵˵ǼˣȥǴܻʳǣڴܻʳ߾һɽΪ壡
Ҫɽ
Ȼɫһ
ȻȻɽϤˣ
츱ԺΪβߴأߴĻȻһЩ·̣ȴܹܿɽ
Ȼüͷϴһ˿ɫȻɽʲôŹֵĵط
YȻЦŵȻǸɽ
ɽYʦȻ֪Ȼ̾һ
ȻȻһ˵ɽ飬˵һΪʲôҪɽ˵֮оȥ
׿˵찡զڴܳ˵أôԶ˵㲻۵ûţ
һףȻȻYӦ֪Ҹ֣ɷ֣Ժ֮ĶԹɣ
ѧ֪ĵͷ
֣ɷԸһرҵ֮ͬУ»δʳѾǷˣҲͬеҪԭ򡣡
ֲãԭΪ˷֣Ժɽǳн޳֮ذ
ȻɫҲǷǳĽţ
н޳ЩˣֻҪɽΧߣҲû£΢΢һЦȻ˵ѡȨǣҪȥҾ
ҵȴhԺλк֮Ȼ
YҲǵͷҲᣡ
ǺãǼ̳ȡһ㵽ǣҲõһ״̬
˳
ЩƵ˵˵죬ôҲҵɣ
㣿ߣҲøһ𣡡û˵
ȻYͬʱЦ˵Ĺϵһε֮ҲǱøӵĽһЩ
ֻǶǰ;δ֪Ҳǳ˵֮ɫ
ʵϳ֮⣬˶Ƕɽһ˿ļɵ
ײδɽǲ֪浽ʲôµģ
ʱ֪ˣҲҪʣ
˳һЩȻ㳯ɽķ򼲳۶ȥЩ˵ٶȣɽҲѾǼ֮ˡ
԰ش̡ص
ɽѾǸ˵ǰȺɽĲΣӿȡۻ׳
ƺ֮Уһۿͷ
׵ʶɨɽܿüͷȴ΢΢
ȻЩ죡
Ժˣô߰
ȻҲʿˮɽǿɲİ
ѾɽΧˣս׼
ս׼
Y۾ɵϴȻʲô˼
ȻYЦһYʦãѲΪǹĲɣɽǳ֮ذ
֮أҡô֪
YǸŮӣһ֮ĸ֣ƺܵЩˡ
Ȼʦãɽų֮أɲΪ۳ΪصĶ֮һ֮Ĺ
֮ĹɽΧӦû°ɣȻʦ֣
YȻҲ˵֮ĹǵطӦ߲
Ȼͷ֮ĹȻ߲ɽȴħڳûħڵͷYʦӦ˵ɣ
ħڣôܣǸڵ۳˷ˣYŵĿȻʵ
ħڵΪҲӦúͿ֮Ĺйء
Ȼ֪ħΪͻȻɽһ
֮ĹԶ⵹õģħ֮¹죬СһЩɣЩħ֮˲ô
һԵǶǿ֮ĹȤ֮ĹҲ֪ġ
ֻǵѾǹΪɻ۷ľ磬ȥǿ֮Ĺ
񻻳ף˻ᣡ
һɽΧǰҪ뿪ɽҪһʱ䡣
ҹɫ
˲סĳɽǰеʱȴͻȻͣ˽Ų




1828ˣ
 

ɽĳ֮У
һ˻ƵѻƺƽҹɫһĨϢ
ףôˣ
ȻͻȻߣҲЩɻʵ
һԵҲһ㶣ܿ˳ǰ˹ȥɫҲ
ɣ
ǰ˼˵ĸǰû뵽ոսɽǱ鷳
û뵽Ȼ˸ʱɽ
ӰĸǰЩһɱ֮ȥһĶ񺮡
Ϊ֮ˣһɽӣд޾â
˫hԺԺȸҴܻʳľң뿪ǲ
һ̤˵Ϊ֮һ
ɽӵ¶һ˿мЦݵhԺɱǣ˭֪˭
Ⱦˣ
üͷ壬˵ϴһа֮Ҳ
ųϣ磡
һ˿аЦݣǰ֮˷·𿴵һٴȴԼ
ţħ֮ˣߣǺôĵӣȻҴܻʳΪУǻ˰
ȻֻѾǶһƷɽ
ССhԺҲҸҾ˵ķš
һԭžĴ֮УһӶ˼ʮλͬźµӡ
һϸֳһ˿ɬ
ţ
ɽ֮Ϊͷ۵ħ֮һû뵽Ǹոսɽŵˣ
磬ҵȲ·˵أҵȥ͵ûз顣򣬫hԺʵӦ֪ġ
ɫ൱ѿʵԼ൱߲ĸ˶ѣ
Ǳߺһ³ôˣһսȻѾûκεˡ
бǿԼġ
ߣϣôϻʲôɱ˱ǣɱǷڵļƻ
˵֮˲Ұ׵ûһ˿Ѫɫ
Ǽ̶ҲԾĵһ㣬һëȻ
ǣ
Ǹ˵֮˹˵
ţ
һԵüͷ΢Ȼһˣаɣ
һﲻǵɽħھŵ
û뵽Ȼһˣԩ·խ
ֻûüϸ룬ŵѾǴˡ
ЩٵĶŵף㻤ȻY뿪סǣ
һ㶵˵죬ȷ
Ѳɻ赲ǲɣˣ²˳٣ٲһ߲
Щˣħɱ˲գǳģټ϶ԷôˣǰŴŵġ
Ѳɻָ
ߣǾſϵˣߵˣץ
һѾɱȥ
ܿ죬һսѾγɣ
Ӱ˷ָ˿
ţȻYڵʵǵҲǿֵܹһ
ֻû뵽ǣһһǹ֮һʧȺ֮У
ˣ
׺Ȼʧˣɴ۾ȥķף˵
ȥǼһȻˣҲ̫޳˰ɣ
ȻҲĿɿڴĿʧķһЩʧˣ
һYҲ˾֮Уû뵽һֱţĴʥϣȻʱѡߣ
ģȻСӸˣ
ɫ쳣ѿڵǿߣȻûпסһڵļһ˰
漴һΪҵɱ֮֮д˳

֮УϵĴײ
ųǸ֮⣬˶նɱ˵Ĵ֮У
һĹ֮ȻYѾǱ˼ţ
ֻʣһԿ֧ţ
ǿ֮ĩ
һһͻսȺǣһһĹҲǲϵ
ĳһ̣͵Ϯ֣Ҳ̱˵ϣֻ֮дŵһǿҵĲʣ
ʦδ
һıڵѾЩڴɽˣ
ڵ֣ɷĺҲڷ飡
һжˣ
翴Цһܿ㹧תͷաղһһˣ
ߣϣڰԽԽʧˣô˴򼸸ˣȻǸһˣ
Ǹɫ쳣ѿ
Ǽһٶ̫죬ҡ׷ʱѾסˣ
ʵҲЩ֣Ǽһʧ֮ʶҲ׽Ǽһˡ
˵һڵļһ粻Ӧò׽һټǣ
ƫƫȴ飬ҪȻĻ׷ȥ׽Ǹһˡ
ˣǸһȥȱƻ˱ٵļƻĻϾ͵ܵڹĳͷɣ
һ飬ֻǵ˵ڹͷ⼸ֵʱҲǻһ
ʿˮ֪⼸ˡ
Ůӵǲʣµɱˡ
˿Y͸һӵа֮ɫ
Yŵ˫ҲһɫȥǸҪ˲٣
ףҲ¶һ˿аЦ
ֻȴ֪ʱѾһǴͬεĺ֮ˡ




1829ȥ
 

֮У
һ˿аЦŸոմϽɻƷȻķ˹ȥ
ӣһߣ磬Ѿӳȥˣɱǣʱ۳ĵˣ
ҵȲɱ㣬Ѳɶ۳˾ͲǾŵ鷳𣿷İɣСֻҪһұ֤Ǽһȥǣ
еɽԼ⻬дһѪζ
ף˵Ȼӣ
Ȼ˿ҲŭɶȻ˶˵һ£ٻ˻ȥŲǣ
һ֮ǰһ빲ģһ̾Ѿ·ˡ
Y΢΢һ̾˸־ԺˡȻʦ֣ȥһˡ
Yʦá
ȻɫǺ죬ܹɱ˵ĻΧ֮Ѿ˺üˡ
һŭݣ棬YѡҲǶԼһˣ
˵ĿⶼYϣ
Цһû㾹Ȼ
˿̣ѾǶˣ
һֻѾǿסY
Ҳ֪ŮϵˣҲֻܹѯ˼ˣ
纰һȴ֨
ˣ
ЩֵĿֻǵһοʱȴ˺˵һĻ
ĵ֮Լ÷ɽأ
Ұ׵ðһϸϸĺʱ֪ˣ
ȻҲһﵽ˭
Ϊʲô켣ǵм䣬Ѿȥ˼ôˡ

翴ǰĳҲпһ£
ԼҪǳĻԼȥҲˣ
ϣǲ˰£
Ǻ֮˿ڵ˲Ǳˣ֮ǰʧף
ԭҪһ뱩¶ԼʵԵʱı˲ԣ
ʵϣΪܵʱѾնɱһλħ֮ˣһǵ·ӽλ
׵ʵЩգһ۾Ĺ
ʵףȻҲˣ
Ȼˣ׻һԭΪŻЩȤġ
ͻȻ϶ʲôĿĵġ
㡭ôĵӣϿ򡭡
Ҫ˵ȴԼ˵Щ㣬һƵĿ׵
˲̫ϲвңһЩѵҵĻ˰
ݣ
âһ
еǱɽѾû֮Уֻĵ
ֱӴƵĻľͷϵˡ
û°ɣ
翴ģҲֹԭЩҪΧȥˡ
Щ˵ϣġ
ѾǷסһľҪҲˡ
һսľģ΢΢һЦͶȰǼ˸ˣ
˴˿Ҳһ𾪣
׵Щɲ
ԭǻΪһأû뵽˼ȴ͵컻һĳǵĸǰ
ķʽֱ֣˷˼
ȻYϷ·һ־ĸо鼤ǿ˶ô˼һ㣡
ҪڣҡҡͷɫʳҲǺԶˣǺڣ
㡭
ˣҪסħڵ˰
ԭ׵ЩƫһͳͳĲˣ˵жһ˿֮У
֪׵ʵ뷨ĻҪѪˣ
׳²˳٣վ
أ
˼ͬʱ׵ķ򹰹֣ܿǱʧҹĻ֮У
ȻҲ֪ĴۻȡǵȥҲ֪ʱԲܹ׶ǵһƬ飡
˵ھ˵ľˣ
Ⱥŵħ֮˿ǰѼӾôˣҲϾ˼ˡ
Ϊĵľǵ
翴׳Ӧ÷˰ɣʲôܿ
û˵ɣ׿磬ժԼ֣
㣿
ɴ۾ףû뵽ǰ֮˾ȻǸղ˵Ǹһ
ȥ
һ۷ȻǶûпóҲɻ
ңϧ֪Ҳûˣɱ
һߣӰѾǴ˳
ݹ࣡
ͳɨһ㣬ǰ⼸ʮ֮ˣ˲ǱɨҶһ㣡
һϢ֮⣬֮˷·ûгֹһ
࣡
λǰľӶɳˡ
ԭΪѾס˾棬ڿǳ
ţ֪ǰΪĳܹƴǣ
˿Ҳ˵׾ǿһ㡣
ʲôҪ֪һЩ飬˭شˣǿɾͱûˡ
ײδɱ磬Ŀĺܼ򵥣ܹɽ϶ʲôܣ
ҲҪаɵûɽ磿ɽҪʲôɻ




1830ħ֮
 

һɱ֮Ƭ֮У
λ͸һɾ֮ɫɫ쳣Ľţ
ħڣ
ʵħڻκʱһġ
ħȻ¹죬ɱ飬ɱ˵ʱգۣԼܵвգ۵֡
ͳĳ֣Ѿһ˿ϣˣ
˿̣ǿ׵ɱһ㣬ܵ
ʲô֣
׿ԴҲЦһʵ
ħ֮ˣûôõƢ
ԥһµУ

üͷ΢壬ԭΪһаɵʲôˣڿˣ
ѲѾˣ
ǣǰǼȷ
˿̵ﻹһʲôħ֮˵ӰӣֱǸ͹һ㣡
΢΢ͷҺǵþźųħڵһţӦǺųаɰɣ
ǰ˵ûǾŵȷа˼ҡ
ݺݵĵͷǰìܵĻҲЩ
һһȻǾŵΪ
ԭǰʵʵǾкܶţʵҲǾһţǡǸƽʱʱǴžŵŶѡ
ɫһʵҲʲôܣ
ԭˣٻ
ЩȻЩ˲ð֮˶ѣΪӦŻЩɽ˵ġ
û˵Ϊʲôط
ģʵһҪΪǡǸ
Ҫ˵ЩʲôһԵǸʲôĿһĵ硣
ŵϽտڣ
һǲˣ
㻹Ϊ㲻ɣǾ͵Ǿŵķ񱨸ɣ
кȻ֮Щ˵¶һ˿ģ
Ҫˣ
翴ģʶĶ׵˵
ӣҵҪӵʲôطȥ
һֻǵҪץסǼһʱ򣬾һ죡
䣡
ɫѪˮڿУ˿һĶģ
ʧĵطһ޵ѾǻɫĹâʧ˵ĸǰ
ˣ
ڴ˿̣׵Χһ޴Ľɫռ䣡
ǵɫâ·˷һ㣡
֮
״˿̼ԼΪľǷסǵ֮
ܿ죬һǵصѹѾѹ˹ǵɫĹâʲôһ㣬һε۷˻
һһץ
ǵɫâ˲ʧ˵ǰ
һнգ֮䣬һԵ翴ǰĳҲǱߣ
ħ֮£ȻƺȻҲ˵ܣܻС
üͷ΢ղӦĿĻһﻹľʧˣ
ղҲʶļ֮ûЧҲǺ
ʵѾ֤֮֮Чİ
ǰǰԪ񡭡
ĺҪ֪ȥʲôطˣҲˡ
׿һܲˣֻҪشҼˣǻشĺãҵǿ㲻
ǰ棿
翴ףҲǻһ˿ϣʵ
ЦһԶһģ
ǰʡ
Ҳûκεİ취ҪҲֻʵشˡ
Ǹղŵ⣬ǴеĿĵʲô
׿磬һȤ
λǰһҵǰΪ֮Ĺ
֮Ĺÿǧſһΰɣĵȵ֮գħ֮˻л룿
鿴磬һĨɫ
̾һǵȵǧ꿪֮գħȻлᡣɡǼ
֧֧ʲô˵׳
Ǽֱܹӽ֮Ĺİ취ĵʲôҾͲˣ
˵Ŀʵ׿ʵ
⡭֮ģΪѾɻʾʵֻʸ룬һҵȾǻ֮Ĺġ
翴ף˵Ŀɶ滰Լеǵܶ˵ˣ
飬ˣԸ˳Ըɱˣ
ҲøڷϻˣҪ֪࣬Ҫеµ㹦
ʱԽ֮Ĺİ취⵹൱˰
ԼҪ̽ſ֮Ĺ»õϸ꣬ȻֳɵģȤ
ʧߣҲŵò֪˵ɶˣ
ܿ죬ġָ㡱֮£˾ѪΪ׵ˣ
᲻ɱ磬ħǱ߷һöӣԺõţ




1831¿
 

ڣ
еԪһƬռ֮Ʈţ֪ʲôط
ƺһһ㣬оһľ
ಣ
ʱӰͬʱ֮У
㡭ʲôʲôط
д˿̿ףгżȵĿ־壬һбľѧȻʧˣ
Ǳϵһ⣬ʱضԱ˸ˣ
Ȱ㻹ǸֹӺúúɣҶѾ˵ˡ
Ѿǹ˳ףǵ˵ͣҲһ±ƣ
磬Ŵ㲻û뵽㾹ȻͶЩˣ㲻ú
ֱתƺʲô˼
ֻ׿еӣѾҵĵ̣ӣͲҪˣ˵ϵܣҿʹһ㣡
ܣҿûʲôܣҶǸ
пףǳӲ
翴еԪ΢΢һ֮̾ǰ˵죬ñˡ
ʲô㡭ôܣ
ег֮ɫЩʧ̬ˡ
Щε˵ðɣ䡭ʵ˸ҵģͶϡ
ͣ
߲һûЦˣѾϵͦӵġ
ղŻЩ֣粻ڵʵôһλɻʾǿߵأ
Ҫôλɻʾǿ߹Ϊ֮ҪôʲôʵֶΣ
ڿȻǲѰ·
磬㡭Ҫɱ
п磬˳һʣһ˿Ԫ֮ôвأ
ЦһУʱְҵ˿ҳ㣬ҲǸİˣ
һˣУҲӦ˵˵֮Ĺô˰ɣ
Σ
пףһı飡
鿴ƯڿеУ׺ٺһЦʦ磬ǵһԪķ
ȻǵãǷ̫а˰˵ǵĳλħڴµİɣԪ󷨡ɣ
׻˵ôһרƱԪĹֻ֮һֱ⹦Ϊаħ˵ö֮
кһԵƺ˵Ԫ󷨣
⼸ֵʱ˶һĲ
ٺ٣ԪߵûС鿴Цŵ
ĻƺһûеȵͣϣĻһεĴ˳ҵһԪƵģͱȽϵˣԪҪʮꡭ
ŶʮꣿԪʮĥҿ˵⹦֮Ԫй֮޼һһܲˣ
׸һһͣһԵҲǲסĴ
Ԫ󷨣
ĸֲĽɣʵϼħڣһҲǲ֣
Ǹš
ߣЩܲˣ׵˷ŭ
û£ʮʱ䣬ǵȵ𣬷Ҳż΢΢һЦ
ҡ˵
һԭһ̰֮֮ǰ壬ҲΪзܹԪᣡ
ҪȻĻҲ˵ĺ
ֻһʵЩ㱳ˣ
ðɣôϵķϣҲʡİɣ˵ɣ֮Ĺȥķʲô
׿гʵҪľһ
̾һ֮ĹǧܿһΣɺܶ˲֪֮ĹһţֻҪӵ˿ɵ۵ƣɽ֮Ĺ
ɵ۵ôħ֣֮׿ʵ
Ҹ״˵۳оһλɻʾڵĸ֣˳ΪѣһҸżȻ˵н֮Ĺķ
Ϊ˲ܵԪļ尾ɶ˵ɶһҲû֮ǰӢţ
üôд˵ȷĪǡ
˵ҲˣȻʱľʵտݣǿɵ۵ĵϵˣг
㸸׾˴⣬Ȼ˿ɵ۵ƣ
˼·ȷЩ˼
ܹһ׳ܣЩԵɺϣһԼҲû뵽Ԫûܵõ
óǿ֮һҲߵ˾ͷ
ɲĵط
бɱ֮ҲʿˮˣҾеĻɲţȴҲȫţһ֪ԼˣȴһܣСթ
Ҳǵͷʦ磬Ͼɵ֮Ĺ϶ΣأǻСΪ
ЦŵûлҲˣڻǰ飬ҵȥĻҲͰɣ
ٺһЦֻʦСһЩû˵ʦȥɵ۵Ҳһλ߳Ƶﰡ
ĿһȻˣǻʲô飬ߣ
˵꣬˱ʧ֮У




1832¿֮Ĺ׻
 

ɽ
һ޴ĹƬ಻Ⱥɽ֮УԶȥһ֮һ㣡
ֻǴսȥ޴ĹȴԿһɷһĴ֡
֮Ĺ
ĸָĹ˵ĵλһ㣡
֮Ĺȴһƺţ֮أ
ʦ磬ҲҪ֮ĹֻǺΪ;ɻʾʧȥһξõĻᣡ
鿴ǰĿ֮ĹҲ΢΢һ̾
ǣǰĽ֮Ĺֻһ˰
Ҳ΢΢ҡͷطܹ֮Ϊ֮أȻ֮
ʦ磬ȷҪȥϾǿɵ֮Ĺ
ЦŵȻˣǲȥпЩͰ
һЦʦȻҪȥǱȥһ⣡
˿֮Ĺĺ棬ǿĹ·һ鰼ݽȥİۣ
ŵǿƸպϣ
֮ǰ˵˭Ҳ֪һ鰼۾Ȼһִ򿪿֮Ĺķ
ݣ
ײеǿѾǷǰ֮У
â
һǿֱӽ׺ǰ֮Уȵ۵һɲǣǷԼѾһ֮У
Ũ˸оһĸо
׺ĿԣֽܿעһƬռ֮У
ȻԳһƬĿռ䣬ɵ׼
鿴ףҲüͷʶϿԽһƬռˡ
׵ͷǰֻƺҲûʲôͬһΪʲôر֮أԭ˰
ʦ磬СһЩйŹֵģ
üͷһ壬Ȼ֪Σʲôطȴһֲõĸо
䣡䣡䣡
黰δ֮ʣƺʼ
ޣ
üͷһ壬û뵽ʱȻһͷޣҲ̫һЩ
鿴Żͷޣʦ磬Ȼ׻
׻üͷ޾Ȼɵ۶֮УֲЩ˶ȥ޻ˣ
Ǻǣ׻ȥͦ˵ģȴпãƺĳֽƣݸһЦ
ƣǺǣ۷ʵɵҲɷѿ˰
׿ǰ׻֮Ҳ¶һ˿Цݣ
Ҫ֪׻ǰ׻һߣʵǿᣬսҪһ޸ǿ󼸱ֹ
ǰ׻ʵȴܵѹƣ׺ĸǰʵǲ̫
ȵ˽֮ʵĲ׺Ķ֣
𣡣
׺ǵ٩׻֮ʣ׻ƺоһ裡
һ£
Ѿǳķ˹ȥƺһҪûһ㣡
Ѫڣأ
׻ͷҲǰ׽еģ֮ڳ˵ķϯ
ҲЦһС׻Ҫʰүү񣡡
˵꣡
һֺ֮Ѿǻʵʣ
׻ԭ׵ķ򹥻һƱ˵ĽӰ
ҲһæźȥƺܵʲôֲĴһ㣡
ΪĴ֮һİ׻ԤΣյҲ޲ͬնġ
һﵹͦ鿴׻Ҳ̾һȻЦŵС׻ǻʽһİɣ
𣡣
׻ŭһܿûΣ
ǵ׸鿴׻ģʱҲһĿɿڴ
ȻǸĸģ
ǲ˵ĺô˵ƣ
׻ŵһࡣ
û֮׻ȴҲЩνŮü֮͸һӢ
֮Ĺÿǧ궼һ𣿷ҶԽôĺҲûʲôϵɣ
׿׻Ҳʼ
׻ȻйϵǽĹѨĵڶ㣬˵ĴеģЩûƵˣҲֻܹһĹѨ
У
һ֣Ҳһ˷ܣ
Ҫ֪ܹΪһߣҲǵõĴ
׻ˣҲʲôģѾͨ˵һصĿ飡ҾҴΪ˵ˣҪõ˵ĶΨһİ취ǰ
ȥɵۻţһؾȻ׻Ҳ̾˵
׻û˵ˣǿԽһˡ
׺˳׻ָķǰû߼ȴǰĳһεת䣡




1833±Ŀɵ
 

֮Ĺ
׺鳯ΧȥǰľһĲ죡
һӰ޵ĳ˵ǰ
鿴׳ǿϢ
׵ʶ׽ǵӰλãνĵڶأӦòôļ򵥰
ڶأѾһˣ
߻˫ۣ¶һ˿Цݣ
׺鶼һ㶣鿴ߺٺһЦҲµòĻӦþǿɵ۰ɣ
ɵۣ
׵ɴ۾ǰ޻ߣʶߵϢΪ߱һ֮ͨˡ
ǣЩ۹⣬һ֮ˣȻܹӵɻʾڵʵǳ飬ȻǸ˵ˣ
߿һ֮Ҳ¶һ˿Цݣ
׿ߣҲǹֵװݼɵۣ
ݸһЦôȥˣһܹҿ۵ģҲףʵصĺܰ
ǺǣԵɺ϶ѣ׵Ҳǫ˵
΢΢׵õЩؿ˵Ѿû̫ˡһ֣ڳɽϢ֮⣬ƺһɸΪǿϢҲµòĻӦøйذɣ
ɵ۾ȻܹóڵĲ֮ͬ
һĻԺɵۼǿ߿ҲǿԿóˡ
΢΢һЦһ˻ĿҶǼ¡Ϊ걾ʢǱһλǿ߸նɱġ
ʲôɵ۵겻Ϊǿնɱ𣿡
鵱ҲµһЩ飬ֻû뵽顣
΢΢ҡͷޱߵ˵ƾҲҪնɱۣǱۿǣֻҪ۲Ǹκβ˱ۣ
ǿӦòɽİɣɵô
ҲüͷȻҲǷǳ֣
¿Цһǿߵȷǲܹɽ֮Уɽ֮ȴһط⣡
üͷɵĪ˵ʥɽ
ǺǣɱλһȻ֪ʥɽĴڣ΢΢̧ͷһ飬¶һ˿̾Ŀǵ
΢΢һЦʥɽǿɽʥأ֪˺ٶѣɵܹ֪˵˿϶ǽܹʥɽˣ
ʥɽǸʲôط
׸֪Ϳ¿еʥɽǸʲô⣿
ɽ֮УŴ󼶱ǻֵĺȷ
ɵۼѾǶˣȴͻȻðһʥɽ׸оһĲ죡
ʦ磬򵥵˵ɽ֮߼Ĵڲɵۼʵɵ֮ϻʥĴڣҲҸᵽİ񾳽磡
鵹ǲ˵ֻĿǰ˵û̫֪ıҪ
ɽô˵ļأ
΢΢׵ҲǵɵڵĲΣ֪ʥɽĴڣ걾ǰʥɽȴδʥɽ֮˷У˵һλʥǿߣ
ʥǿߣǿӦûкܴĲİɣüʵ
һλʥǿߣñˣǱ۵ӻһ˿лĻ֮ĹҲֻһյĹѨˣ
µ֮дһ˿ľ֮ɫһ뵽ʱΣĿ
磡
ԿԱΪɵ֮һˣ
˵ĻʵѾ˵׺Ͽɡ
ͷʦ磬֪ܹ֮ΪʥǿߣʵѾǴϣǵʵȻǿߣȴͨɵҪǿܶˡǵ֮ĻǱԶˡ
֮ǰɵ١
ʶĿѯʣܿʶЩԾĵط
Ϊ滹һ⣡
Ȼ
һٶֵʱ˶¶֮ɫʶܿ쳯ķѹȥ
֮
ºȻɫµĿ鹪ϲǰ޳
ڰֵֻΪʵҲֻǸѵɵ۾ͲҪЦˣ
ǰαǫ飿ֻ֪Ҫɹ磬ΪҲʱⰡĽ˵
΢΢һЦˣһһ۰ο٣ҪĻǻҪУɽ硭
¿΢΢һЦ֮ɽ֮˻ǺôʥɽЩ֮⣬һ˸ϵ֮ɵĺܣ걾۱նɱʥɽȴҲõһö
Ŷ׺˼ͬʱǰһ
ʵͻƻã׵ͻȴҪſԡ
ԣҪ֮ˣף
ڸλ֮ǰһ֮룬λܹӦĻ
µɫԵЩŹ֣ʵȻϵĺܣ֮ѾǷһ㣡




1834ոɵ۵Сܣ
 

µϳϣ֮飡
ʵϣԭ֮ĹΪľܹԼĶȥ
˵ĲȱԪӲд֮⣬Ѿûκεˡ
ɵ׺һɲǣˣ
ЩνĹؿֱӶƹˣֱӽյԼĸǰ
Ϊľ֤ʵһԼ뷨
뷨õ֤ʵ֮ôܹأ
ɵۣͬΪɽ֮ˣҵȻ岻ݴǣ
ײδƴǣʵϣڿеĶҲǷǳĸȤ
ֻһĵĹ̶ѣ
µϴһ˿ĳϿҵԭѾǲκεϣû뵽޾֮·ҾȻһ֮ˣڤڤ֮עҲֵڰ
ɵۣ֪ҪЩʲô
׵֮ҲǴһ˿ķɽ֮Уթ
һСĿ¾ͻ˵ȦףЩɵۼǿߣһ˾Ȼǲòˣ
¿֮е㣬Ҳ¶һ˿ЦݵСѲؾţ˵£Ѱȴ첻
ɵ۵޷
֮еһĨ֮ɫδȥſ³
µͷλӦÿԿóԪѾأʮ꣬Ҳɢˣ
̵ɵ۵˼Īʦ޸Ԫ񣿿ʦʵ
ǰȻΪ֮еȴϡĺܣԭҪǰæڷ֣ҲֻСܹˡʧܣ޻ڣ
³Ψһϣˣ
ÿǧ꣬¶Ὺſ֮ĹΪľǿûʲôϣ
һҪһʵĴߣ֮лϣԼûл·
һֱڣлһݼأݼأ֮Ĺʹиˡ
ôȥˣ֮ĹʤɿնǷˣ
Ϊɵǿߣһ̣ĲҪ
ڽ죬óȻˣȴ˿¾޴ϣ
׿ſ³ǰ˼Ҫ޸ȱԪȻԪᣬı
λѾ֪ˣȻѶȺܴ󣬿ȴҪһϣȻˣһеǰܹ޸ȱԪ񣡡
µıƵᣬ׺鶼ܹоµһ˿֮⣡
׿ſ³ǰ޸Ԫûκεľ飬ſǰӦ֪һԪſʱֻҪһͻɢˡôң
ǽ֮ˣСҪÿĳξ𣬿ĳҲֻˡֻ
µҲ͸һӵĵȻƺһ׼
ֻʲô
׽ŷʵҲ֪ǿΨһϣˣ
һλɵۼǿߣȻܽ˽һʶһʱ˵ϵġ
΢΢һЦֻСôˣ͵òҵĶˡ
ǺǣǰΪӪǲôĻǾ˲ˣҲǵһЦ
ЦŵһоͿСѵѡˣ
鿴ſɵЦŵ֣ȻѾ˵ˣǾ̸һ̸ɣ

µ΢΢鴤һ£򶨵Ŀʵ
΢΢һЦ֣޸Ԫ񣬵ʱҪɹĶᣬҲҪǵİɣ
ǰʲô˼¿飬üͷҲ
ȷ˵ǳɹ޸ԪǲһԪѣ
һԪǿܹǿʲôطȥأ
ɽᣬͲ֮ǰǰ㣡
Ҫ֪ɲǴУһ˵ԪɣʱǸξҲһ³
ⷽȻҪҪĶܶˡ
ſ£¶һ˿Цݵ֣˵ʦѪ֮·һƬ̹;ʦĻʱԪ޸֮Ԫ㲻ڻ£ΪҪǣ㻹лΪ𣡡
˼һɵ۸һﵱСܣ
²ŵĿ飬ôҲû뵽һﾹȻܹ˺޳ܵ
˵£ҲǸĲԪʱ̸ɵ۲ɵ˼ôô˵Ļһʦ統СܾͲˣǿǳԶ
һȻԼӣһԵĿ¶֪˵ɶˣ
ܾ͵һʱЩԶԣ
Ȼ˼ŶĿµ˵ղҲ˵ˣѪҪ޸ǰԪ񣬼ѪľѪҲ°빦ɣ




1835Ԫ޸ɹ
 

˿̣׵ҲǼ֣
˵汻շֽ֮˵͹ϵΪĻ
ôɾûôĸɽˣɽ磬һܱȶһҪðɣ
ο֪ԼôܣǻȥĻʱ·ˣٲ֮У
ſԥԥӣ׵Ҳǲż
ΪѾ·ˣղŵһҲ룡
Կ˵Ļÿһ˿ԥѣ
¿̾һˣҲûʲôѡ˰ɣ
ЩĸоȻˣ˫ɳҲǷǳĺá
Ҫһǿ¶Ѫ
΢΢һЦǰҲعڻôΪ˱ȫԼѣǿǰĳΪǵѪҲȻȻʧ𣿡
·ң֪վüģϣҵѡǶԵİɣ
³Ƶһ֪̾Լѡ񵽵ǶǴ
ܹ֮ˣڿ¿ȻҲǲ֮ͬˡ
ѾǱѡ
ݣ
һεɫѪҺ˿ռ֮У
Ѫԥһ±ԼԪںһ
޵ԪڴѪһ̣â
ˣ
֮
׵Ŀһıȣԭ޵Ŀռ佥ıɫʣ
ռ֮УһɫĿռס˿µԪһξѪ
һɹĳƬռ䣡
µԪ뾫ѪںһԭЩ޵Ԫ񣬴˿̾Ƕһ㵭Ľɫ
ǲƵԪŸһ㣬ޱȣ
½˫ۣԪڷſյ״̬ԪҲǲϵͷų
ҵģ
ڵԭͲǺܶ࣬޸һλɵۼǿķѵǸ֪ˣ
ʱһһĹȥˣ
µԪ໴Ӥһ㣬׵Ķͷϲϵϸ
ʦ磬㣡
ڵȻ࣬ʱĳַǻ׵ѹ
а߰ʮ
׿ԸоóǿµԪѾǲϵıǿ
ˣ
һɢ֮һҵĶ
ֻ˲䱻µԪգ
׵ɫѾǲ԰ޱȣľԼе֮⣬ѾǱЩˣ
໣
ڴʱǵ֮󣬿µԪһһõĺ
ƺڷйʲô
鿴ǰľҲǼ˵ʦ磬޸ԪʵϾ֮ǰֲ֮֮˲ԭȻԪ֮ͨ
Щվȣµǰû뵽Ȼ˵ã
ʦ磬µԪӦ۷״̬ڶĻӦҲİ
鿴Щѵ׵
׵ͷҵȻ֪ȥҶ֮˰ҿȳȥ֮Ѱɣ
ʦ磬Ѳһ飿֮ǰɽյǸ磿
鿴Ҳ¶һ˿ѰζЦݣ
磿
һҲĶˣȷûʲôãҪħ֮ˣ
ԭ׾Ǵɱ֮ģȻҪħڲڿܹÿ³ɹĻ彫󰡣
ʦ磬ˣͬĻûκηĻᣡ
鿴Цŵߺ϶Ϊһֱ޷찡
ҲãҲʡȥ˺ܶ鷳
Ҳԥֱӽ˳
δ˵ױ磬ſ
׵ĻҲֻܹȻ֪ʲô飬ѾǱ۾
Ԫᣡ
ʵ϶ؼһԪںϣ
ֿĻµԪԪбɵΣգ
ȴû⣬ѾΪ׵ˣ
ҪҲͬأ
һɫԪٵİ壬ܿûУ
أ
ı쳣ʹ࣬Ԫ᱾֮£ҪȫĶɹôף
ûκεĵֿµԪովϴӣҲ쳣ǿ
ʱĹ
µԪѾǳɹȡȨ
Ԫ޸ɹᣬҲͻһʱ䣬¶ûзӦĹ
һʽˣ

ϲã
ˮ
ָһÿµζӳ£
ˣлˣ
¹ֶ׵ܹ˳ɹҪлף
ȻҲΪ׵ˣ֮ϲãһл
ײһ¶ͷĺˮԺֲغˣǸоֵֹģ׼ɣȻĳȲѲȡѪĩֶΣԺҵȻֵƱȽϵĺʣ
ֵƣ׵ĻҲЩ˼飡
һԵЦŵ˵֣ҸʦʦֵƣҲҪΪƭ㣬ʵҵҲΪ㱨ģ
棿
һʱѾΪ׵ˣ˼ҲûбҪˣ
Цŵ֮ǰ˵վüģȻɽթ˻ǺֵܽġʵϣҲǵһΪ˵ɵˣ
˵ʲôҲǵһ
׵Ļ˶ˣСӵʲôͷ˰




1836ƽĿ
 

֮Ĺ
ɵҲǺ˺ܶ࣬û뵽ڲ֮䣬ԼѾһػ
ȻЩң׻˵úãţ
ɽҲһֻлŲϣ
һѪϻˣƵԪѾ޷޸ˣ
ʲôԪ֮ĻˣǼֱǳ˵һ㣡
ǿԼԪɹᣬôأ
ɵۣѡ֮䣬»ѡ棡
ɵ۵ӣ
ô£µѾǱĥƽˣ
һһſӿֳȻǷǳѪȷɽ磡
ֻΪɵۣ˱˵ūͣʵЩʣ
Ҫ֪׵ʵڣܣأ
˵ףһ𣬽˶ѣ
ÿûҪǣǰһﾹȻ˵ԼǵһΪū͵ɵۣÿ𾪲ѣ
ܹūͣѾ붼ˣǰһѲ֮ǰйƵ׳٣
¿ףг˲֮ɫ׵дʣ
һԵ鿴ſµ֪㲻Űȷģ֪ɷǵõɽ켫һʱ׼죿
죿ϼһȻǵãͻɵ۾û꣬ҲͻƵɵۼֻǺһʧˣҲû˼ȥʱ׼֮ҲȥѲɡ
Щ𾪵Ŀ飬ָоһĲԾ
֪ܳģ
ǰˣԿóǳᣬѲһҲɽĳλܶɹ֮ģ
Цŵ½ż棬һޣʱ΢һЩǣԪδ𣡡
ȥ½Ȼܹ²ŵʵ
ЦŵͬҲǵ㱳һĳ̶ˣʱȥ½Ҳ磬
ȥһһҰҺôŵģǵ㱳ĺܰ
ƺһ˽Ϊʲô˵Լǵһˣ
ԼҲ࣬ԼҪһЩ
鿴ſµһɵۼСܣǻɿ֣Ƿ÷أ
ʲô˼
µɴ۾飬˵ʲô˼
鿴ſµ˵ʵһʼǩѪڵǳơֻǺҸˣҲûбҪѪĩֶάִҵĹϵˡʦԾͽѪˡ
⡭ļٵİ
𾪵Ŀףǿһλɵۼǿ߰˵ͷˣ
ǻɿԼĻ֮Ҳǲôȵģ
Ѫ
һֱϰʱһԼΣѣֻҪһ£Ѫ֮˱ϵɽ»𺣣ҲҪȫԼİ
ûѪأ
ǵʱֻܹˣѪ֮˷һҲǲܵ飡
鿴ſµǺǣҾ֪㲻ţ˵ʵʵʱҲţʦôˣ
׿ſЦŵǰ̫죬ҿǰҲ֪һЩܣѪΪ˱ȫԼ޶Կǰð֮⣡
֡ף˼ǣһ죬֮ĹϵˣҲҽӴѪ
һļȻ֪ôЩôˣ
׿ſЦŵȻ
ºݺݵĵͷˣлˣ
ЦŵԺֵƾˣиͬͬҲûбҪô
ǰԼǣҲ¶һ˿Цݵ
ٵĿǰΪֹûп׺κε쳣ԺĹϵദȥĻ⵹ÿܹܣ
Լһɵۼǿߣ˵ĺһ𼶱ǿߣԼҲñŤˣ
׿ſЦŵ֣Щ̫ˣ㻹֪֮ĹѾΪɽض֮һԺȥܵøĸˡ
ҵȻ֪ʵʲôǸŶѣʼ
ѾΪǰˣԺұֿݰɣԺƼɣЦŵ
ֿݣֵҲ΢΢һЦ
˵ֿݰǿɺһ˰ⱦҲӦøǿ˰ɣҸʦҲҪɵۣʲôñأ
鵹ǲǫ飬ſֱӵʵյĿľΪ˿µıض
ֻû뵽ǣûõ֮ǰֱӽ˸ߣˣ
΢˿ƺҲǱ֮ǰҪúܶ࣬Ͼı֮оԼǸΪùɵۣ
Ȼ̫Ӧ壬ȥѾǱһʼҪȻˣԽӲЦݵӦòλʧģ




1837¾
 

֮Ĺ
ֿݴ׺һʯͷĸǰʯͷȥ޶״Ҳ
⵹һԵЩ֣ʯͷĪǾǿµȫҵ
ĻλɵۻҲ̫һЩɣ
˵ֿݰʲôⰡ
ҲǶʯͷʼоһʱỹо͸ⶫʲô
ҾΪʯͷλʥǿնɱҵļƷΪҵס˵ǿһĻԪѾξˣ
ֿһ뵽ԼʥնɱΣлһ˿Ŀ־֮ɫ
ʥɽĶ
ҲȤʶʼʯͷܿ죬üͷ
ͬˣʶƺ飬ոմǿʯͷʶ㱻赲סˡ
ֿݿ̾һԴһص֮ұǱоʯͷооȥûͷ
˵£㲻˵ѾôʯͷɣƵ˵
ֿݳʯͷʯͷܹʥɽ˳ˣû֮ͨ
΢΢ͷǰҸղʶɨһȦҲоЩ֣ƺ̺ҵʶҲԱʶ
Ҳ΢΢һ̾ˣȽⶫ˵ɣҲӦˣ
ȵȡ
ֿݿףҲ¶һ˿Цݵ
˵ֿݣָʲô۶Ӱ鿴ֿƵ˵
ֿЦŵʯͷʱãȴûĺöƷʲôġ
õõãǶҪҸ٣һƵĿֿݵ
ֿ΢΢һЦ飬Ʒȷǲôǰأ
ɱϣǰҲûмʼ
ֿݵͷɱףǺǣĶôܴصɽȫأ֪λû
ǿڰǰʧĶѲɡ
˵ɴ۾ֿݣ˵ղǸصʯͷ֪ǸʲôĻ
ôֿݿеľľһţİˣ
˵ǾһĻô¶Ҫµһˡ
ҲΪʲôôݵԭ
Ȼˣû̫ѹˣΪѾˡ
ǾԼĸǰҲСܣ
Ҳű֣
ֿ΢΢һЦҴһɵ԰żȻõһֱûóѣΨһһó
ӦþʥɽһΰɣҲþľҪʥɽ˰
ҲЦһ⼸֣ҲǼ
һԵһƣԺ֮һӡҲûа
ʵϣܶĴжûף
Ͼײһӣǹ˵˺ܶ׿ûõĶ
ΪķʽϢݸף
ҲΪˣɽܶĶҪ
׿ʵǸʲôǱߵһģ
ʲô
ֿһ˰Եޱߵ֣Ҳ㶣
Цŵ˵ʦ磬ֻܹǸʱȷǺĶǵɽ磬ڴϿ¶û˼ְǾͲһˡ
ðɣҺû˵üʵ
ֿЦŵ֮ν֮Ϊʵϲжôĳڣ鶼С
鶼ûУ⡭ⲻ˵һﵽƷĻ㿪ʼ𣿡
׿ֿݣԼҪһ֪ʶ˰
ֿݵͷ˵ûһ˵Ʒ飬һЩĳ⡣һĴڣ
ʦ磬һ׬˰˾ԺǾ˰
鼤˵֪֮
Դ˵ܲһ˵ꣿϸвУ
˵ɣһ˵޴ãɶڽɹЩ۾˵ɾͲһˣ
ֿݿ΢΢һЦ
Щɻʵһ˵ûãǿǰΪʲôûأ
Ϊǣˣ
ֿĿ֮һ˿ľ⣬Ǵ˿׵ū͵ĻԪ֮ȥĵһ飬Ǳǽɹ
ֻȺҲֻܹøˣҲ֪ԼóһĶĻԼҲûеطŰ
ˣʲô˼
ױֿ˵Щ֪˵ĵɶ
ȥţȻóȥսȻû뵽ġ




1838ǿİ
 


ʱ򣬻Ϊʲôǿս
ֿݵ˵֮ͻȻԶҪӵĶࡣ
ֻ˵ʲô˼
˿̣֪Ҳϵǿš
һЦŵʦ磬˵˼ǣñ˵˵ӵϣʱս
˵˵ӵҵϣ𾪵Ŀ飬֮
ֿݵͷϹ֮˵֮Ϲʱڣλܻɽ֮ʱ㿿ɱķ
ô޵ˣ
칦Ч֮˶ˡ
Ѿֲ
ֿЦŵҲû˵ôţֻܹһСֵһкܶƵģ
Ҳֻ˵ֿӦø˽⣡
Ҳʼ磬ֻ˵֪顣
ʵģȵһֻܹ֮ӳЧһ㣬Ǿɹʥּв֮ˣܹˣÿһν˲Ǻܶ࣬ʵĸһЩ
ֿݶ׽͵ʵϾȷ죬ȴҲûдﵽΪΪĳ̶ȡ
˵ģ
ǿҲֻڶʱܹѸٵԼʵ
ĿɿڴֿݵĻҲ൱˰
ǰҲƵģӦòᳬˣҾóر֮ˣǲҪ׵Ķþˣ
ֿҲףⶫȻƵˣ޵ˡ
ÿ˽һҲܹ춯صģ
Ѳһʵ֮ˣܹ˵սһɵۼǿߣ
ǲܵ飡
˵һķѣڶսУӮĸʻ÷ǳĴ
׵ͷȻǸö
ֿЦŵҾˣҲһ£
ݣ
һɫĹâһķɢһ˿Ϣ˵ĸǰ
ܵľͼ˸оһϣ
졢
̧ͷ㿴˸ֻĳ˾·
ȡѪ
ֿݶ׳δ֮ʣǾѾɢһҫ۵Ĺâ
漴һѪɫӡǻ˿ռ֮У
ֿǿеϾ͹ϵľһ֮
ײ
ڣ
һξѪѾǻĵ뵽˾Ķ
ԭ֬һİ֮ϣһĨѪӳͨ죡
Ƭ֮
ǾһĻȸԾ׵ķֱȥ
˿̣׵УѾǶһƴС¶һ˿Цݲסİţ
лˣ
׳ֿݹ֣ôõĶ˼˵͸ԼˣҲЩ˼
ĹЧ֮Ҳһļ
ķ׻˵˲ֹһ̨װ
ֿ΢΢ҡͷ⵹ãֻײ¶棬Щ۳۾һҪˣ
ЩصĵͷȻ֪ⶫôð
ֿ΢΢һЦûнɹȻûõģ㽨ɹʱӵɹʥּ֮ͻᷢ֡
ɹҵСЦŵ
УֿҲЩĿɿڴĿʵ
ಣ
һɫʥּѾ˼˵ϿգǵտҲʥּֿҲЦ
׵УǱðˣֻҪʥּ֮ϲ֮ˣڼӸǾԺԵЩ֮˵ˣΪҲûùԾ嵽ʲôԼᰡ
˵Ļұһ£Цŵ
ֿݿ׳ʵ˵ǾãҵõʱʯԱ߻дžһã
бģ
׺鶼ĿɿڴҪ֪ЧѾĺˣ
ȻˣֻʵѶȾ̫ˡ죬ŵˣأǿһ̶ȣسֻҲ֪ļٵģ
ֿ΢΢ҡͷʵ̫죡
׾ֿݵĻҪֿһõʧˡ
΢΢һ̾ǿʲô̶Ȱˣǻһһɣһǲôð
䣡
֮еʥּ֮ϣѾӿֳһСֳ
ˣʵگԻ֮ʦ飬ս湦طմˣ
һԿ̵СֻĸֳüĿһ
еľѾǳǵдõʥּصѹ˹ȥ




1839ֿ
 

䣡
׵ĸǰʥּǻһ㣡
Ӳĸʥּ棬ӡǳʥּ֮ϣ
ϱһ⣬ܿʧ
ʦ磬˵氡о
鿴ףҲס̾˵
ָоǳ΢֮ĳϵһ㣡
ܹҪߣ˵֮ǿˡ
û뵽Լһ飬ȻܹãҲ̫һЩ
ֿ¶һ˿ǳЦô˵ӦþǳɹˣʱҪֻҪɣ
ô򵥣Ҳоһ˿˿Ĳͬ·֮һϵе˵
׸ĸо࣬Ҳһ̾Ϣ˵
ֿһʯϵļأʱҪˣҪǵָ֣ڵλãӦǽĳϵһְ취ΪʲôҾͲ֪ˡ
ֻֿǽ˵˳׵ʱôãǱˣ
ʵϣֿҲҪǷô棿
׵ͷҪ˴أⶫǿе˽ɣ
һӦòᣬ֪Ӧһ˫ѡļܰɣҲ˵ҪǲĻҲ޷
ֿݽ͵ΪӦģֻҲûһжǸʯϵļ˵ġ
΢΢ͷԺҪһ£һҪǴˣʱºֺ
ҲǵͷǰĿǰ٣ԺҪ˶Ļָ˭ʲôģҪĳʱǸ
ֿݵͷֻеԹԺ֪ˣ
˵ʵҵǲϣõ⼼ܵһ죡ǺǣֿݣޱҲһɣ
΢΢һЦʵѾһķԾˡ
˶ݵʱڣѾǳɹôǿߣ
ȥڵĴʳԿҲһĵˡ
ң
ֿһ㶣Ҳ΢΢ͷ˼ǿҲ״
ԼȻɵۣɵۻһľ룡
οܹˣɶΪŵˡ
ǿǹؼʱܹˣʱһҲ費ǵ
ѡˣɾΪŵˣ
ֿݵЩжĿǰΪֹԼǰٷ֮ٵεġ
ԺһַʽദȥĻֿݵǲʲôεˡ
ܿ죬һʥּϸ˾ӡ£ֿݵҲǵʥּ֮ϣ
ƽƽ˰
ֿݶ׸ķŵǷǳ⣬ȻԼɹǶɹ֮еְλЩ˽ġ
ǵ۾ְλˣ
׽ְλԼͬ˵˶ԼϿɲ
ݸһЦɽֿɽô꣬ʵ鰡
лʥϣ
ֿҲǹ֣˵ͦӦԼĿǰݵġ
΢΢ͷҪʵ޸ոսĶ࣬ʱⲻҪһս
⵹Ҳǣʥʵ鷳ҲǺ飡֪ʥϻǵ֮ǰǸսʱǸ׻
ֿݿҲ΢΢һЦʵ
׻Ǹ椣Ȼǵ˰ʵһ㣡Цŵ
ֿݵͷ椣ʵʵһֱѹţΪôһֱػңʵҲû̫ľĿǰӦɻʾڵʵɣ
Цŵ׻ǰ׻һ࣬ɳԷǳĿ£ʱŪҲһɵ۵ӰϹĴ壬ɲġ
ֿݿԶ΢΢һ̾ܿˣҲûиʲôõĽǿԳˣ
ڻ椴߼ɣɳ裬ɻɳ衣ֿݣ֮Ĺΰ
׿ֿʵϾ֮Ĺǧ˿Ƶϵ
ֿػȻҪ֮ĹƲϵˡ
ֿЦŵÿǧ꿪һٹһҪǿ֮һЩؾ͸Ե˰ɣҲǸЩڿ֮Ĺɽһ
һεĿ֮Ĺʱ䶯ɽ˰
׺ҲЦֻǶЩĲƸȤǸȱЩ
Ϊ˸ֿݴڻЩȻҲŪʵһЩ
һɵ֮Ĺʱ͸һƷⲻǸЦ
ֻкöԽ࣬ʱ˲Ż϶Ѿʵ
ɽ
׵ӰѾǳ˿֮ĹΧŴʳķ򲻶ϵǰţ




1840ŮǼٵģ
 

ǽ⣡
״ӿ֮Ĺ˴ǵʱѾʮ֮飡
ЩҲǽϵ˴ǵĳ֮⡣
λдҵʱ䣬Ҳ¶һ˿ЦݣֻҪûпʼͺã
ؾ磬λϾҪʼ˰˵ԺܲӮ
׵ǰ治ԶһɫȹŮӿһԸ
Сã˵׼һλɱһεĿ㻹ڸԺһϣ
ǸؾӶһԵŮ΢΢һЦԭƺҲЩڻˡ
磬Ժˮʦ㣬ҿһεĵһһԺģ
ǸؾСÿԼĸŵ˵
ؾ΢΢һ̾λǲǻʳ֮䲩ĵһϷѣҲûбҪ̫أһɱڳϹ˰
ô˰
ŮС죬Щ̫˵Ŀؾ
ؾ΢΢һЦʳĵ۾ͬʱٴǣ˵λʳĴѾڱ߾սһ
Ҫ̰ɣҪ̵ĻôҪǰ˰
ؾСг˲ζ
ؾ΢΢һЦؼҳԼ˭أСãԺúö飬һҪ˸һελֻҪɣҪǱԼ
ͮס
ŮͮҲԺ֮һ
һ·˵ƺЩ̫ðɣ
֮ͮʣؾһε
һѾͣ˽Ųź벢ǺԶף͸һâ
ڸ˵
ҿ˿ȻؾȻһԼ˵ֻװɵѣ
ȷղ͵˵ô벻Ҳа
˵˭˵Ȼ͵˵治Ҫ
ͮӣҲЩһ˵
ǰǴǣҵȺͬ·ɣ׿ؾͮ
ͬ·ȷͬ·ǸƺǺܾˣ㵽˭ΪʲôҪң
ؾɫһ䣬׳
һưСӵķҲ̫ǿ˰ɣһ̫ࣿ
ܵýɣҲȥǵĺòã˵ˣ˵ҲûʲôɣǴ벻а
׿ؾͮҲ̯̯֣ʾԼġ
ˣ
ؾû˵һԵͮѾǳ׵ķɱ˹ȥ
ǽ֮һ˿˿ɱУѹҲôֱ㶵Ŀͮ
ǿĽ׵Ӵ˼Ӱ漴ʧ
ͮЩߵ㡭㲻Ϊʲô㣿
û˵ΪʲôҪ㣿Ժѧô³çģˣһ¾ȸˣ֮ǰλŮһ䡭
˵
ͮףѾû˸ղŸԼ˵Ƥȡ֮һ˪
Ҫ֪ͮԺǰʮˣĸ߰
ȣŮԺܱܲŻ˰
ײһûЦˣŮõľȻһѼٵƷ
ղһڹ۲ͮеΪʲô˹Ĳ
ŷ֣ԭֻһ
νİҲļƷɽٵϴһĸʳΪƷ
ָʲֻͮеΪʲôһֱûзأ
Ҫ֪ǰλŮڵʵ
ôʱǼٶ֪ɣ
׵Ļͮһ㶣漴Ͻ鿴Լе
һԵؾɫһѿЦһƷһƷʯģ㾹ȻҺ
磬ûģһǱϹ˵
ͮףһɣƺҪὣ
ˣ
ԼֻǺһ¶ѣԸžţԸžͲţ
һƷƷʯˣ
һǲⰡǵ͵̰˳ԴӰ
˵ֻһ£žţҲûа취ǡ
׹֣˵Ŵǵķ׼ȥ
ûͮӰѾһεĸǰҪ˵Ϊߵ𣿾Ȼ˵Ҹ͸ҵǼٵģҿûģ˵㵽˭
˵λʵڲŵĻǿҸмһҿԱ֤ǲǴģǲǣ
׿ؾؾһ˿ң
ϽͮеɽһεĿôɽǸٵİ
Ҳİ
׸ֶһģ΢΢һ̾ǻ̫ᣬ鲻㰡
㡭˵ǼٵģǼٵˣô֤
ͮЩܲˣļٵǻ
һװŪģѾĲˣ
һ˵ʲôȻĻľҪֽѵһһˡ




1841ߵؼ
 

ǵĽ⣬һŮվڵ·һԣ
ؾͮףһŭ
˭˵ԼеǼٵģҲ˰ɣ
οͮеǿԼ͸Լμλ
ΪһƷһλܹȡһβŸӵģ
һǸԼĸȥƷġ
˵ʵƷʯһƷﳬֵˡ
Ҫ֪һƷֵʮƷʯϣ˵һ򵽾׬
ɱôɵ
ʵؾ֮ͮǰҲɻ
ƾô飬鲻浽ʲôè壿
ǰԼ̫ˣʲôʲô
Ҳ룬ǽƷѺκһУʮļ۸˼Ϊʲôͻأ
˵ƷǼٵģһӽܲˣʵҲģ
׿ؾͮã˵Ǽٵģǲţǲȥмһºˣ
ȥȥأ
ͮһץס׵죬һɣ˭Ҳó˿̵ŭж
ؾſھ˵ǵĶǼٵģк֤ݣ˵ȻĻɱֱеķɽˣ
˵ܲܺú˵ҿǺǣʱóʱڷ֣¾ͳ˰
΢΢ҡͷ˿ȥܲʵ
Ҳܹ⣬Ϊ˿ȥرĸԣ֣
ĴģҲ̰ͼıˣ
ֻܹ˵ЩȴǷǳĺöѡ
ͮЦһãҵҪ˵ʲô
΢΢һ̾Ůеϸ˵ӦǼƷܵٵϴ֮ӵģӦ֮ֻһЩ
ʲô˼
ؾͮ˵б۵ģҲǽʵ
׳󷨣Ӧ˵ɣɽ˲һС͵ľֻõıȽһЩǲĽڣһ˶󷨲˽˸ֲˡ
ôܣ֮ǰһ£ɽ̺֮ȷǷǳǿΪƾһ֮ʾܹƭ𣿡
ͮףҲŭɶ˵
һԵؾɫϣ׵ǲ˵ԼһƷɽȻҪǻֲһֱǣԭĻϲ⣬ҪƭǵƷɽôĵӣ
ƭɽ
׵ɴ۾ˣǷḻ
˵ƷɽǼƷɽ׿Ҳмȥɹƭ
ƭӣҪƭǣ磬ǰһﾾȥмһ£еļʦ֮һҲ٣
ͮղȻӲҲϰµģ
ϾԼĸ绨˼еĻһƷ
Ҫı˸ƭ˵Ļ˵ĳӶҪˣ
ڸ˵ģһȾҲǸƭӣ
վҪ֤һµģ
ؾͷãô죬һˣ
ûɣЩƵĿˡ
УǸƭӣþ͵еˣһü۵ľͲʲôöߣ
ͮף׸µĵһӡʵǲ̫ã
Ҳײ˵ʲôһﲻˡ
룬ԼҲҪȥǣԱãҾ͸һ⣬˵ǶԵأ
ܣ
ͮκεĻᣬױ㳯Ŵǵķ˹ȥ
˶ԣƷʯôһͭĻǿ޶ûطȥˣ
ͮ۵϶ԼĶģ
׿ͮؾûκǲܵģο˵ԩأ
ԩ㣿ԩĻҸǸ
ͮףм˵˵ʵһֱԼóĶġ
̾һǸģҪɱңǼٵľǸҶǲ
ؾһǼٵģϵƷɽˣ
硭ͮһ㶣ؾڰֵǼٵģ˼ұѵĶԣǸЩҲֵõģ
Ǹ磬ԡѪΨһǸ
ͮؾдһ˿Ĳ
ؾԼãһ˿صô֪ǵĶǼٵأҿ˲ںԶѣ
׿˿ؾҲǶһӡ΢һЩ
˿ȥһĺӣ
ʵˣ׻ͦ͵ģ
˳Ŵǵķȥֻһ·ԳһЩ
ؾãƺ˼һĺС




1842ԩ·խ
 

ǣУ
λʮ֮УɽҲǷǳ
ڶ۳пνǱؿ쵱Ķ۳һУ
䱳ȻǶ۳ĻΪ֧ţϾҪΪ۳ĵһУûе۳ҵĵͷôأ
κɹǼȵȣҪʢ˥ǱȻҪпɳչ
ҪԴļȡ棬һпƺֵһᣡ
ôеһǱǾɳˮɺˣ
¥
˿̵ļЩΪĸӿǣҲǵķд˲
λȹע
ϾЩ˿ܱδ⼸ʳ
ټλÿһ춼ǷǳľʣܶҲǲԶʵŵҲһѧϰ̬ȣ
֮УռصĻǴǱص
Ҫ֪λÿٰܹһΣܲһʡأ
ӣ
ĴǣӦǲΪģ
ɽУŶթʲô˶еģ
ؾͮ˹еļó˿ȥʮֵĽţ
磬ҪȻǻǻһСаɣеļѿǲͰ
ͮԼĸ磬Ҳԥһ˵
ãƷʯˣҲôһˣ
ؾ΢΢ҡͷĿһף
һԽǵоԽǽţ
ҲǿûлͷƷǼٵĻһѪˡ
ǿԼȫĻ
ҪǱ֪ԼһٵƷĻԺԼڴʳȥ
ðɣһһ۾ǵǲģߣ
ͮڶ׵ӡѾһĵز
Ǳ˺ţȻĵȴţ
ԼĪʱĹǰֻʣһҪˣ
ֻǾʱſ߽˼ˣһ°ȥǸ
ָ߸ϵ񣬷·κ˶еĸо

ؾʶ̧ͷ˿˵ʱҲǱŷһŭ֮
磬ǧҪ嶯
ͮһؾӣקԼĸ
ӴӴӴⲻش󽫾ôشŮ˵ǼҶˣذ
ͮקؾʱǱߵѾһȺ˳ؾķ˹ȥ
һȥ
ؾƺǰ֮ˣԵñƽʱҪܶࡣ
Ǹӿؾ΢΢һЦҿɲᣬҪȻѧһ

ؾһƺһֱŰ棬һԵ׿Ҳ΢΢ҡͷ
ٴӲųǸ˵ؾļһҪ̫̫ˡ
ؾҲûеɣ˵ˣǳҺڸһֵļһʶأ
д̣ؾɫѾѿ˼㣡
һԵͮӲؾĻ涼пܶˡ
һֱؾΪĿ¾ؾĵ
ʲôͷ
ǿǶ۳µУ߶ֵĻǹе˿¶ֱܹӳؾˣ
ѲɵʱʳΪһСС佫ʹУ
Ʋ²𣬿ȴЦصҲ΢΢ҡͷһʵȻУȴЩͣ
һλ
еļһλ߳΢΢һ֮󣬱ŸƤϸ˵
λߺһӣؾͮƺûʲôӦ
ԭżģԥˣ
ʵ˻治֪ôģҲֻ֪ôˣ
ļƷǼٵĻǵʱؼö˿ɾͶˡ
ļһȺ˸ؼԲԸ
ϣҿǲҼˣ¶ˣȻĻϰҼһΣ
ڼǸߣ̬ȷǳĹ֮ǰԴؾѾȫˣ
Ǹ΢΢һЦ峤֪Ҫʲôأ
ϣҸ׵һλ͸ҵĶȻ֪һƷƷҲиߵ͹֣֮ǳҶⷽ滹ûԣҪϰæһ£Ĺۡ
Ź¶һ˿Цݣ
һԵؾͮųĻǵɫǸӵѿˣ
ǹĵͷϹأƷһǧƷʯ
ϣ룡
΢΢Ŀ˿ؾһƲסĵ֮飡




1843Nɪĳ
 

м
Ҫ˵е
Ǿеһͷˣ
Ҫ֪Ʒܶ࣬һ㲻Ǿ֮ͨҲͿʲôƷ
˵ƷƷƷǼƷ
ƷѲʵغͼ۸һȻǣ
ҪֲܹĿˣԼ֪ԼеƷһҲ֪ǵļֵǶ٣
ʦʦʲôģǾԲ֪еһЩϸ΢Ĳ
רżģһԻмҩ֮ģ
ڼļʦߵǶռͷ֣
Ϊʲô
Ϊɽ磬еΪӵĶǾ
ǲǰķҲǺܶ߱رĶ
߳棬ˣ
óԼһɫķɽ֮ʱһĨ˲Χ¶½һЩ
ǹüȻǺö
¶һ˿ЦݵϣҸ˵ʮģҲ֪ļٵġ
ḧһ·ɽĽ΢΢۸⵭Ľ
ã
۾ȷʮ죬ɽƷɽ֮Ҳϳ֮ϲ峤ˣ
ϣȷ
Źϣƺожô⣡
ϳų峤ǲжˣ
ᰡҡֻ̫ˣǡǸһ£ɽĹ۴Ƕأ
Źϣɫ֣ƺһ˿֮⣡
ǹ϶̬ȻǷǳģų΢΢һЦۣ֪峤Ǵأֻѯһ¹ۣ
⡭⻹𣿡
ŹЩɻʵȥⷽҲǺܶ
һԵĺܶ˶ڳѾ¶Ľ֮飡
Ҫ֪ƷʳҲǱȽϵĺˣϾƷ١
ʵǿһĳ̶ȣԲӵеġ
οʵǿ֮ˣҲδؾͻӵƷ
˵ܹӵһƷǾǷǳĽһ飡
΢΢һЦ⵱ȻΪҪУǼ۸ȻֻгۣҪĻ۸߻ͣлȡһֵӶ𣡡
ϣֻҪһɽĹ۴Ƕ٣ʱ
Źϣ΢΢Ҿ
ϵͷֻѯһµĻʱӦڰʮƷʯļ۸񣡡
ʮôࣿ
۸ƺѾǳ˳ԤڣϸֳһĨ֮ɫ
ŶʮƷʯƷҲǿ˰
ǰһ˵Ʒļ۸ʮʮ򲻵ȣһЩԸһЩģʮƷʯ
ҹȻǴʳ½Ĵ֮һˣ
ؼҵλҶĴλò˵ȻҲ˹
ΧΧ۵ƺڳҺؼҵ൱˽⣡
еķɽȻֵʮƷʯʱҲǵһ
ϾʮƷʯɽ磬ҲһʲƵļ۸ˣ
Ͽų΢΢ͷʮͱȽϵĺƴ˽ַҲΪĶأ԰ʮƷʯļ۸Ҳ޿ɺǣĻƷʯҲڻ¡
лϣ
ĿŹϣŵķɽҲ߬øˣ
ϰڰֵһ峤ֵˣ
ϣҡ
ؾɫǳѿеķɽȻֵʮƷʯʱҲˣ
˵ʵ˵һ㣡
˭ϣԼõأ
ֻؾﻹʸӵƷأ
ԴؼҵĴ֮֮ؼܵ˳ҵżĴѹ
ؾүүҲһ겻һжǳҴģ
ؾڴʳйְҲ⵽ҵϴ
ȻˣؾͮͬΪԼѧԺѧԱԲܹȫԼ
ؼѾǵǸؼңؼҼڴѾûκεռˣ
ΪһͮҪμλؾǧĸϻ
Ͽؾ峤벻Ҫǵʱ䣬ķѾˣǽ첻ĻÿɾͰ׽ˣ
ؾһЦ˵ؾǿҳߣ㺦˰ɣ
Һ㣿ͮó
ؾܲóĴ̼һԵͮ
ͮ˿ɫҲǷǳѿΪʲôأ
ǼϲòһǧƷʯǰ׽ˣ




1844Ǽٵ
 

м
˵ĿⶼǼؼõϣܶ˶Ƿһ֮ԱǵЦݣ
ҸؼҵԳҵʤգ
ؼڴǵλѾ᧿ΣгΣգ
ɽ磬пĲ飡
ҲɽһֱչԭǿľЩʼձųǿľ
ʤΪ
˿̺ܶ˵ĿУѾĴ壬ڱ˵ĿеλҲǿģ
ؼЩ˵ĿУɥ֮Ȯһ㣡
ڳ峤ؾã˿Ҳˡ
ߺâת
ͮó֮ǰԼĸ͸Լĺɫɽг˽֮⣡
ʵҲ֪ҪѾǲܵˡ
һƷȻܹ۴ﵽʮǷǳĺģ
Ʒģ¹Ҳᳬʮ
Զ׼Ĳడ
ߣȻƷ
ͮŵҲǵɴ۾
ôҲû뵽Ѿ˹ؼңȻܹóһƷ
Ҫ֪ؼҼеĶǱҺϷˣ
΢۾üͷѾ
ͮϣǿһ
΢΢ͷӹǺɫɽ֮üͷĸһЩ
ʱҡҡͷ峤شС㣬ĪڸϷЦɣ
ϣô°
һϵĻ֪ƺʲôһ㣡
ŹҲЩֻʵ
΢΢һ̾ʲôƷ㲻ϣӦ½֮ܵɽٵϴѣ
½֮˵ؾǹˣϷǿ𣿡
һߣ޼ɵЦ
磬Ǳƭˣ
ͮһϵĻ˿һ˿ϣѾʧӰ٣
һԵؾҲɫɷףЩʧǵЩ૵ʵϣ⡭һ˲ٵƷʯİôǼٵأ
ϳ峤һǸĽѣɽ汻һС͵ľ󣬶ʱܹŷ˵һԵģ
󣿡
ؾЩɬĿ˿ףһ֪˼ҸƭģǸ˵ʵ
һԵͮЩʧؾҲǸϽǰο磬һԺһˣ
ؾЩһֱ׵ֵܣҡ
ˣȻѾ֪ˣǾˡ֮Լǣ
׿ؾӣҲ΢΢һ̾
һ￴ȥƺҲǸ֮˰һܵĴԺҲɼĳɣ
ؾؾ˵㻹ǸùߵİȻܱƭҲֻ˰ᣬҲƷɣñƭ
Ȼؾô֮䣬ȴΪˣ
ֵ
ؾгŭ𣬵֪ʱ˵ٶ࣬Ҳı䲻ǰʵ
ΨһȳҪֵýǣͬΪڵǿߣ°ܽ
ʸ𣿵һƷٿԿһ£
Цһм˵
ҲҪЩ飬ؾͮλǺڰɣ
Сӣһǵؼң㶼Ҫȥƨǲǳҷﰡ
Ҫߣ۾һбԵļѾס׵ȥ·
ɫһʶ𣿡
㵱ȻʶңؼƨɺˣҲʶ٣
޼ɵףֻ֪ԼĶˣ
ؾͮм𣬿˭ؼǳҵ°ܽأ
ǿױ䣬ؾҲŭһ飬ʲôͺˣ
ѽѽЩ˾ǲ֪ߵغŪƷǼٵģò˶ã峤Ҫʳ˰Ҳøϻߡ
ƺҲûʲôȤԭǴһؾ
һ뵽ܿҪʳҲνЦ
ĿѾﵽˣ
ؾһĻƺҲƲסˣ³ɺ޼һ𣬿ȥҪ
֣ҲøһʶѣȻۣǾۣ㲻ǻһǾͿ˭۸ߺˣ
ؾ֮ʣ׵һʯͷͶ˺ˮ֮У
˲䣬˾޴˻




1845רҵ˵
 

ҿۣСӣΪǱŻģؼҲҪû뵽ؼҵҲһĲҪ
׾Ȼ˵ĻҲǲмһ
øۣ
һʵ
ڳȻûУкöĻǻҴţ
ؼҺôҲǴʳĴ尡ô˰
ǰȻΪӿʼƭˣҲ˭
ɲզΣ峤ղŵƷǿǼֵƷʯǿƷе̳ˣ
û뵽˻Ǵţ󰡣һ¿кϷˣ
ΧΧ۵˱ŷһ֮
ֻҲ룬ֵ֧νĳ峤ղһһᡣ
Ѳ˵Ľؾ
ڳ֮ˣ¶ˡ
ٲȻһ̬Ǿ˵ľͲǶѣ
ؾͮҲǱ׵仰Ū࣡
˰
û뵽׾Ȼ˵˶֮ǫ̂
ؾͮףȻЩ˵ˣ
ĻһӲ֪ôӦԣ
׿ųЦһõóֵΣ
õóǣõóϵʮƷɽΣ
ֱһⴵţ
ҪܹóĻ߶˱أ
οؾͮӣ;ûӰ飡
һ嶯֮ˣĳǸ
ɳǸȴҲ׸Ūһһ㶵ģΪؾͮѹ֪Ҫóʲô
ǵʲô֮ǰǵֻǱܷӦѣ
ɳȴ⼸һģȻһģ֮ĵϸ˽Ĳ
϶ѣѵɲΪνӶѣ
ҲǳΪʲôеĸ˵ⷬһԭ
ã㲻һ˵㻰ˣ
׿ų֮Ҳ͸һζЦݣ
һﻹľΪԼĶǺõˣ
һССĻʳӵܶѣܹٵĺö
׵ڣŪһƷֵϵʲôʮĲϣ
Ҫ֪ɽݺ꣬ʲôĺöûУ
ʵϣľ̫幬ȻֻһţǵʵȴС
ɻʾ۷ʵ͸սɵ۳ڲεǿߣҲǴġ
ЦһߣҵѾˣأ
ҵ
Ҳһ㶣һȻЩĻǵʱܹ侲
ЦƷ㣬ƨɾˣ²ʰɣ
ؾͮɫǺ죬ʵǸʶף
ʱúǸѾǰһһˣֻܹĿ׸ˣ
ô΢΢̧ͷ˿
ЦһôˣҲҪʲôˣΪǿ϶ӮȻ˵ĻҪؾҹ£溰һү
ɱ㣡
ؾɫӲų˸޾ɱ
ˣǻֱһԼʹ죡
΢΢һ̾ؾǿؼҵˣ˵İɣղŲǺţڲˣ֪ؼҶث֣ȻҵĻǻԹԵĹȥ
ҴӦ㣡
׵˵ֻһԵؾͮŭıѾԱˣ
ãϣǼ֤˰
ʱһԵĹΪľǲؾκηڵĻᣡ
һԵĹҲ΢΢һ̾ܵľǰСڴţ
ټ֮ǰؾͮóһٵķɽڸЩʧ͸
֮
ԭǺ飬ϼЩ飬ҲЩľˣ
˳Ǵͷļ壬Ȼ˵ˣǱûлͷ·ˡ峤
ϣҡ
ؾȻŭûɥʧǣ֪ʲôܹǣʲô˲ܹǣ
ǰĹϣǲ
ֻһˣҲܴ裬ؼôˣôҵﶫ۳Ĺأ
ϸֶ׵СӣҪҹˣжóûжǾҵˣ
׵Ŀһ۹ϵǣ֪Ͽ峤֮ǰżȻõɽ׹۶أ
ݣ
֮ԱǵʱһɫĽӰѾǺب˵ĸǰ
ǽֳͨһĨĵĺڣ
ԭЩм飬˿ѾǷ˱仯




1846°
 

У
ؾͮ޲Ҹضȥ֪һĻǵʱ϶ֱˣ
ںҲˣԭ˼ǺһǹƷɽǼٵġ
Ϊ˼ƭˣ
֤ʵ˱ûƭˣһȴ²̨ˣ
ؾͮҲʳĴ֮һؼҳġ
ǼʶģǿɶǱһ˻̫̫ˡ
ο͵ѡֻ֣񱻳ҴѹЩѡ
ǣûмʶɣ
ȻܹóȺö˵ⶫļֵơ
һͨƷɽ³Ҳˣ
һ˵һõķɽܹʮɵķɽȥ

ؾòܣͮȻҲǾòܣ
ƵǣһҪˣؾǿҪ½гһүģ
ⲻؼҵ˿
ؾĹˣԺ涼Ӱˣ
ɵؾͮ¶֮ɫʱǼһﾹȻóһɽ
ؾͮܵĳɽһƷɽ
ϣ
ǿĲƷɽϣ
ΪһƺڷɽоѲɽˣ
ȻϣãؾͮɫѾĿʼůˣ
ͭҲ˼ʮȣ
óɽʱ򣬳һ㶣
Ҳмʶ֮ˣϸ΢ĸһɽ֮ҲЦ
΢΢üɽԥһλСѣ⽣ǴӺδ
΢΢ֵɲҵģ峤ģϼȻǼʦǾϿʼɡ
ŹϵӣϣȻҲǸƷɽɿȥ쳣ͨʲôõĲʡ
峤ܿóƺҲòŵ˰ɣ
ϲ̲Ļһ䣬һ䣬ȴóоһ²̨
ҸϷƢ
һʱǳƺҪеĻ׵˵ϣ
ֻûпڣһεתؾǱЦŵ峤ɷһɽ
ؾǽһư
Լ֪ⶫǴģǸղǸһŪ
Ȼһ£пΪ˵ͱˣⶫϾ˼ҵİ
ؾûа취ֻ˵սɱ֮ʱżȻõģϡ
Ҫϲ峤ˣ
ϹһЦЦ֮дһ˿ˬʣ۾ȴû뿪Ʒɽ
ȥҲǼΪϲƷɽ
ؾЩεĻֵ́ˣԭΪⲻǸͨƷɽ
ͨɽͨĻƷɽҲֻܹ֮Ϊˣ
ϵĻһȫסˣ
ۣѾǸˣ
ô˵ǳôˣһʱ˶ĬĿŹϣ
иͨͨҵţ˿̻ûлعô£
ֲɵӣϵĻôܹأ
ɫһһ׵ĿŹϵϣղ˵ʲô͡ɫҲܸҵġ
ǺǣʮȷǱȽϺɰѾǾˣ
¶һ˿ЦݣֻЦ֮УһĨ֮ɫ

һʱЩɵˣǼô꣬Һٿϳ˵ƷǰҵĹ۵ĻӦһٰʮƷʯɣϣͻƷʯҲ֣ΪƷļֵѾһͨƷˡ
Ϻٿ˵ôֻ࣬һ˵ˣ˵˺ܶ࣡
ȷƷļֵҪȸղǸҪˣ
۸Ҳǳĺʣ
һٰʮ򣿡ʿˮһֱ˺ݺݵһӵĸо
ҵţȻĴ壬е̰
ǰû뵽ؼ˹ȴز¶
峤ԭΪԼӮˣһ˷۱˰ɣ
ߣǣˬ
ΧΧ۵һӷͱˣʱվؾͮ׵ߵڴȵ
ؾͮŹһЩ˵ۣ˻һۣо˶ԷеһĨ˼飡
һﾹȻӮˣʤ
һֱӵǴ˳
񿴿ǳɫ֪Ϊʲô˵ôĳޱȣ
˿̣ǿ׵ҲѾǱˣ
ˣ
˵ǰһǻҧгݵĻôһ룬Ѿǽ׵Ƕһˣ




1847˵ĳ
 


ɫ쳣ı䣬Ҫɱǰˣ
֪ڹж·һ
ҪǣؾͮǶл
ǶһĻôҵ鷳ҲСġ
мڴˣ
Ŀ׵ϣֵʳλڼ䡣
Ѿǽֹκ֣Υڸɱۣ
ڵĴǣȫһ̫ƽʢ
һ
ϿǳʤѶȻ峤ҵ֤ˣǳ峤ϵķɽˣ
ϣҡҸղŲЦѡ
Σ
˵ⷬʱԼһΣ
ʵǶ˰ƷɽǿǼֵʮƷʯ
ؾЦһߣ֮˻ǲҪӮ˱ؼңȴҪˣ
Ͽ˿׵˵ǽǳ峤һеĻҹȴҲУ
ϣʲô˼
׵ɫ΢䣬Ȼȥʵϲǰһ
˻ǰ簡
ؼһձɽ֣ȽȽ
΢΢һֻ̾Ǹ֤ˣοСӦҲ֪ҹдԱ
ãȻҲ޻˵ɽҺ峤Ӯģ峤Ҳԣ
㵹ʶ࡭
ףҲ͸һɲм֮ɫ
һﻹʶʱ񣬾ȻʱҪֺԼˡ
ǺǣֻҪ峤ող˵ģ峤һүôˣܿΪǵһЦɣ
׿ųһҲ̫ΪǣԼˣ
Ķˣ׻ûлҸͻƿأ
Сӣ㾹ȻҸǳҹȥ𣿡
ķζըˣû뵽һﾹȻԱ֮ʩ
Χǰ˵Цݣֱ
Ȼ룬ȴǼ֤ˣǳĶأҲ޻˵
һƬ¶һ˿ɭЦݵúúãСӣϣܹ뿪ǣǳһ治ȱôһߣ
ֱӽеķɽ˦˹
׻δѾһƣһѾУ
ߣǾ͵ɣ
ŭһоԼеŭ޴й
ֲʱ֣һʱ߸ûκεİ취
ڴطǸӵĶˣ
峤
Ͽų֮ؾҲǳ
ϣ£ؾŹϣ쳣ء
ϵͷղλСóǱɽ֪ûȤۣǹоԸһ߼ۣ
˼ϣɽʱûг۵Ըĳȸˣ
ؾͮ׷ɱһľͳ˹У
Ȼ˴˿̶ǳļڸҪ֪֪һﵽ˭
ĳ䣡
ؾͮôֱ㶵ĿףƺҪ˵ɶЩ֪ôڣ
˵קΪ˿˧ɣ׳İ˸͵
ۣ
˶һЦ֮ƺϵҲǸһЩ
ؾЦŵλֵܣղŵǶл˰
ǰҪĻҸҸղžͱǼһˣڿǸһԱЦ찡
ͮȥǸԸˬŮˣ˵жг𱨳֣
׿ͮؾݸһЦòҪе𣿡
Ĳ˼ֵܣҡҲһʱͿһʱͿɣֵܵҸһΣ
ؾףгֿ
ЩȻǺϤɣǵͷ֮峤ֺι˿أ
꼴ԵοؾĶˣԺвǲؾǣ
ؾȻԴǣȴøж
ͮҲЩ˵˧磬ֲˣ˵ˣȥؼҲϱ
˰ܲ˵ľŮʢʱҲûеطȥȻλô飬ҹˣ
׵Ҳǲ󣬷˴ԭ׼ǵģ
ڳôһӵ飬ҲǸı뷨ˣ
ʵҲǶؾͮ˵ؼЩȤ
׿ѩ̿
ؼҹΪĴʳĴ֮һʵӦҲС
оԼʳҲɶýҪؼҵûʲô¿
Ȼ˻һ㣬ǾҪˮ




1848±
 

ǣؼң
ԭظطֻΪܵ˳ҵż֮ؼѾһղһգ
һʢ˥ȫûʽٶݣ
ǳң֪ʲôԭͳΪ˴ʳĴ壡
ԭĴ֮һؼңȴֻܹǿյĽࡣ
ؾڴʳйְĻؼѾǸˡ

һЩҲϣؼҾʹ½ĳǱؼҵһ
峤ô˰
ſڣһ߿ſؾͮҲ¶һ˿Ц
زүүô˰
ؾһڱԼүүһڼУؼҷ˵ľ䣬Ҳ𾪲ѣ
˵ʵؾ⣬ϻһЩʯĻؼѾǽҲˣ
ز˿ؾСûи峤˵𣿡
ͮɫһزҡҲ̫ø絣ģû˵ôأ
峤Ѿ˸֮ڣزĨһῴؾ΢΢һ̾
ʲôزͮ˵үүˣȻһЩֻҪ޴𣿡
ؾˮһ˲䣬˸о׻һ㣡
ͮۿͨ죬ؾЩ˵磬Ͻȥүүɣأ
˷ɱһĳؼҵöȥЩƵվſڣ
жˣȻ˵пԭ飬һҲ̫˰ɣ
Լ˾Ȼˣʲô°
زͣԭأЩǸȻЦλӣʵǲ˼峤Һüˣһûл롭
زؿԼͺã
Ҳǳز֣ʾԼû¡
ز¶һ˿Цݵӣ峤ʹС峤žۣǹӲĻҪȻſ΢һ£һ㹫ȥ峤ʹСΣ
ԣ
Ҳεĺܣ֪ӣȥĺء
ѾߣҲֻܹˣ
زסĳԶţƺڵʲô˹Щֵʵزڵˣ
ӣǲ˼峤˵һҪſӭһ£ùӾõˣ
زҾȻҲЩǸ⣬˼ȴ֮ϡ
Ǹ˵ƺЩĲɣ
޷
øŵһҲƲѣ
ʱһѪ˵ͣظſڣֻǴһԿó˵Ӧòͣ

һһ٣߿ȥɷǣһʦȣվԱߵλŮȥס޶ˣ
׳Ů˹ȥѵһŮվڸǰҲķ񰡣
ߣʲô
Ů޼ɵĿԼϵһĨ֮߰ɫԱ
褶ݵ񣡡
һŮ̬ȰҲǳ
үүǼһǶҿǸ褶ŮЩĶԼүүǵ
ݸһЦŮΪüغþò˰
ǰ˰
زһǰλߣƺڴתҲǼ
ӣ
۳ҩʹȸҲǶ۳Ѿõҽ֮һ
Ӹؼҵ峤ؕDʶѾܾãֻⲢӲԶߵһԭ
ؕD峤ô˰ӿزҲǳʵ
زڲĻ³Ųһ˰
ôأô£յϢ̴褶ϹˣƺҲ֪ԣزʵ
˵ǵȼ峤峤ʹС˵ɣ
زæҾ
ӵͷԭЦҲѾʧȡ֮һȻ֮ɫ
زӺ褶첽ĳؕDס۶ȥ
ҪԼŵĻֵñ˸ˣ
΢΢һ̾쵽ؼҾһ󰡡
Ǳؾͮ׵ļһˣزӦĺúõģһְԼˡ
ȻˣԼովͿǸ褶Ů£û뵽Ҳ˸ˡ
ؼ֮ǰоԼûп
Ƚ˷УҲǱ
Ϊҩʹȵĸӵҽ۳ҲǱȽϵĳġ
ȻҩʹȲɽҽɣǵʵǹϵġ
үү
ؾͮһӵĵ˶ʱЩµĸо
ӣǸоǿϣһ㣡
һͣƣȻȳȥɣ
ո߽䣬һĶЩȥˡ
Ƶ˵Ҫȥǳȥǲȥ




1849޲ߵ
 

磬һ˭ôô
һ⸱УҲЩһһȻŲˣ
ؾͮҲסˣǻĲ˼ڸˣ
ղǼڼԼүүȴ˼棡
Ҫ֪˼ڲǰոյİ氡
ؾЩǸȻ˵ֵܣҪȻɣȵȥȱ裿
ǣүүүү㸺𣿡
褿ΪĲˬ˭һղſǶԼأ
׵˵Ѳߺȱ裬ҲӰүүˣĻҲ̫ܵӰ˰ɣ
һ㶣û뵽ǰ˾Ȼ˵
ϸϸһ룬ʵҲԣ
ΪԱһ˾ʩʧܵĻǶҽҲһ
㡭
褿ףŭһ
΢΢ֵˣȻԸ¾°ɣ褶үү֣
֣үүҿɲЩ˸Ǳ߿Ϸ
褶ЩԵ˼Ȼ׸ղŵĻʵЩ̼λСˡ
ؾͮףҲҲǣ
ɫ΢˵̫ԲˣֵƢЩ
ӿ˿׵޷ЩԸҲǿģ
ȿȿȣ
ӻδ䣬֮ŵλѾһεĿѪ
ҵĿ죡
ӡ֮ĺѾԽԽˣ
ؕD
ӵһ裬ѾǳؕDڵķȥ
ˣ
ӵʳָָؕDѨλϲϵĴ㣬ƺҪؕDľ
үү
ؾɫɷף֪Ϊʲôӣ
ɫһؕDɵҩʱһ˵
˵꣡
һɫĵҩѾǳӵУܿûؕDĿУڼ
֮
ؕD۾ҲЩ˵һοֵ鷳˰
ɫȻ˵ؕD⵽ô£Ҹղþתʱסƣʵ̫˰
ǲûϣ˰
ؕDЦһԼ廹Ƿǳ˽ģһε˼û
˭ô֣üͷʵ
ؾһһŭݵ˵үүǴʳĳңΪҪؼĴλãһˡүүʵǿĻѾ
һ壬Ҫλô˵ĴأǱûָʹԲô˳ģ
ؕD΢΢һ̾ؼҿˣһΪҽңҲ֪ҵĲѾûлͷˣһ֮룬ǧҪӦҰ
ؕDֵʮֻ꣬ҪܹõģȻ
ɫҲǲ̫ÿΪҩʹȵĸҽȻǲ˵ˣ
ɵؕDһ۵ʱüͷѾ
ղιؕD¾ת𵤵ʱŷؕDѾ˼޿ɾҩĵزˡ
ΪɻʾڵǿߣؕDӦҲǶԼһԤУ
Żôľģ
ؕDмƳһӵϣþͮȥҩʹȱһܷͷ
׷ʲô飿һ㶣ʵ
һԵؾͮҲǲŵĿԼүүǸ֪ʲô飡
ؕDλؼȻжд̣Ҫǣʳĳʥ϶裬ǱȻؼҸϾɱһвʱ⣡
ҼǵؕDڴʳйְɣǳҲüɵְɣ
ӿؕDΪʲôؕD˵ľ
ȿȿȣҵ廹ܳŶðһҵ£ʱְҲͲˣ
ؕDӣ˵Լĵǣ
İɣؕDһᾡȫģֻҪƸԭˣʱؼȻû˸۸ļ尡
ӿؕDҲ͸һӵļᶨ˵
ؕDӣ¶һ˿ҵЦݵ˵ʵҵǲûþˣ䲻ҽȴҲܹ֪һţ
үүүүܾܲȰ
ͮЩ̲ס˳óԼүүİҲԱġ
һԵ褰ο˵ͮİɣүүڣûʲôǹȥģ

ӷһƵ̾Ϣ֮пһ£
ؾͨһүүһҪȾүү
΢΢һ̾಻ʩȣһؕDеɻʾ۷ǿߵһأɵۼǿԳ֣¡
ɵۣ
˶סˣɵۼǿߣǿɶǸ߸ϵ֣
˼һΪһССɻʾڵ˶Գ֣
Ҳ˵ģѹҲʶ
ǱߺŲ裬ʵҲڹ۲ؕDơ
ԥһ֮Ҳ΢΢̾һȻؕDķ˹ȥ




1850԰
 

ؕDķڣ
ԵЩأΪҩʹȵĸ
˵ĻǻϾ൱Ȩˣ
ɵۼǿߣ
⵽ȥҰһɵۻβܵ飡
Ҫ֪ɽɵۼǿȻȴǸ߸ϵĴڣ
ЩɵۼǿߣһײβĴڣ
˵ǸӴɵۼǿߣǽӴõûһĸҪ˰βҲǲܵ飡
˵ɵ֣ǻϾ൱ؕDһ㣡
ؾ涵Ŀӵүүǡǻûʲôİ취
΢΢ҡͷɻʾǿߵǿһѾ˼ûоԵѹƣЩҵʱԳүүĵֻнһ֮󣬻һ
֪ղŵľתֻʱѹһЩҵϢѣ
α겻α֣
ǡҩʹȵĹأ
ͮҲλ۳ҽǿߣԼүүΨһĻˡ
ؕDؾͮ΢΢һЦүүô꣬ʵѾˡֻҪܹúõķչؼҺγûи˵ϣǾͲҪΪүүˡ
ӿؕD΢΢ҡͷؕDҲ˰æǹĺ֪٣Ҳûκεİ취ȥѰҹ˵ټοǹ٣Ҳ޲߰
ҩʹȹɻʾڵʵѣ
ȻҽǿᣬǿҽҲûа취飡
ؕDͷ֮һµ֣ʵ㲻µͻᱻնɱˣܹŵǰҲȴҵһ׮˰
ͮ飬ĽҺˣһʱ䣬һظţֻҪǻϣĲ𣿡
ʵѾЩ˼ˣʳȻܴ󣬿ʳҲҳһɵۼǿ߳
ټһؕDˣʳĻйأ
ʳӲܾľˣ
ؾۿͨ죬д˼նһԵͮҲǺòȥ
ӵĻһ˿ϣ
ʵҲһƣԼؼãоһ㰡
ȻҲһιҪձؼҵġ
ɻûеȵ׼ձ࣬һѾǰǰ
ȣȣ
һͷ۵⣡
Ǽȣ治׵ķҲֻܹ˵ؕDǹð
ɻڵĹ
һ˵ȷЩѶȣɶ˵ȴѶȺܴ
VS
һģ
Ȼ˵ĿǰʵɻʾڵĶ֣ȴ൱ã
òǶԪ֮ĶãĿǰʵ˵ҲԻ߰˳ɣ
߰˳֮󣬵ʱʲô̫Ѷ
ôˣ׿ɲԼӵ鱩¶ԥ
԰ɡ
˵һ˵ʱʱ򷢳Եþͷǳͻأˡ
վؕDĸǰ˹ȥûѾǱ˸ˡ
˲ǱˣӵŮ褣
ԭҲǷǳˣɵһﾹȻ˵Ҫȥʱ׵ŭˣ
㿴ʲôүүûа취ˣװʲôβǣΪܹ˵עˣ
˵λС㣬ûжĹϵɣֻǿ峤Ĳ飬ôʲô
׿褣Ҳüͷ΢壡
褲м˵ﵹæ
ﵹæܱȲæĺðɣҲͨһЩ֮᪻˵Щ취أ
׿褣Ҳż˵Ͼæ뷨ġ
褲ؼ֮ˣҲŸһʶ
ֵܣ㡭Ҳҽ
ؾһ׵ĻҲЩŵ뷨ҽ
׵˵Զһ
һԵ褻Ҫ˵Ѿǳ褶ݵɽ֮λСѼȻҪǱɣ֪Сմ
ף
׿ӣ֮нǵȻ֮ɫ
ӿ׳Сѣ֪ʲô취ؕDأ
ܣ
׵ĻԵúܾһǷĸо
һ̲ס˵Ÿʲô˵硢ͮ˭
ͮؾҲһƣһ˭ʵҲҪ֪ء
ֻؾͮĿǰΨһȷǣ˾Բǳҵˡ
׵ĻҲЩŭˣ
ֻأһ𾳳ڵļһȻҸԼô˵
ҲúúãҵҪʲô£
׵˵βõˣһҲβã
һ仰ڵĻҩζһӾˣ




1851ؕDľ
 

ײǳȥģֻһӵŮʵоЩ̫ˬ
Լ֣ʵϾǿ޲߲ġ
ܹκؕDĲ飬ҲùЩ鲻
һ׾ȻҶԼүү˵ҲŭһֵģҲԼʲôԣ硢ͮҲܹܣ
ؾЩΣһԵͮһʱҲЩˣ
ؕD׵ģҲ̧ͷƳһ۵ˣλͲҪΪˣλǡ
ؾүүλֹ֮ǰжؼң
ŶֹӴ壬ĳģ
ؕDʹӲĽԼ˫̧׹ֵ
¶һ˿Цݵ峤ؿҲǿȥǳ֮˵ɶѣ
ң
ؕDüͷؾʵ
ؾʼүүĲȶһЩڸ飬ҪǺúõֻһ˿ϣҸͮҲᾡȫġ
ô˵
ؾѾһƬĻҰһ˿ľ
ɵۣ
ǵʵôܽӴĲأ
ĽӴõĲΣֺο䵽ͷϵ³أ
ؕDЦŵʢһЩҲǺ££ҵȵǶ챻ĥƽˡȻֹӺŮľˣҿ硭
Ȼ˵а취ȻҪһˡֻһŪãĲ¡
ĽʲôؕDЦʵ

Ҳǲò֮ˣ֪ƣһƲľҷӦǷǳĺ˵ġ
໹ܻãؕDЦеĿӡ
ӳƵ̾һԭֻܻһ£ҿΪ꣬ǰ֮ڻҲİ취ǿ¡
ꣿٻ𲻴λֹжؼңؕDҲ֪֮ˣȻֹͨ᪻ƣҵԸֹӳһ
ؕDǿÿʵ֮ҲѾǾˣ
ܹţ˭Ըȥأ
Ҳ֪Ӷûκεİ취ˣܹʲô취أ
ꣿ
ؕDˣҲûж
ʮˣؕDں껹ٰ
ûϣһˣٲؾͮǣҲ
ӳأԼģȻԼˣ
̵үүүүΪ꣬ǻаĻ᲻Ǹһʶ̸ϵˣʱһ顭
үүǧҪ嶯ͮҲϵԼүүѿڶ˵
׿һ˵ǺǣúҷҪһȻ˵Ļ±ˣ
ߣû¾ͱ˵󻰣֪ҪˣϽ߰ɣٲҿҪ¶ˣ
褿ʱȻ˵ĻЩ䳰ȷ˵
ţֹӣͽˣ
ؕDתҪߣҲ̺סף
ǲһΪԼڵȥˣ
ԼȴҲβõĻؾͮԲȥ
һκ˶
Ҫһ¾ģȻҶ²ĵĻǵ罻涼ûмˣ
û⣡
׿ؕDᶨȻ֪ؼҵ峤ΪʲôԼ
ȻԼ˵ˣ˼Ҳͬˣæˡ
ؾͮгĵ֮ɫҧҧջû˵ʲô
ؕDؾͮЦŵɰ죬үүôҲôһүүˣҲҪֹӣ𣿡
үү
ؾͮĿᣬ˼ͬʱؕDķ˹ȥޣ
ؕDĸؾͮĺԣЦŵ𣿡
ܣǾԲΪֹӣ
ؾĿᣬ˿˵Ӷ΢΢Щˡ
ӿ׳ֹӣһԴûİɣ
ԭĲӲУɺ룬һҲ֪
ԣҲûڼ֣
ûһԣЩ˿Ҳᰲ
ӵԣϣʩȵĹУҪţ
㡭үүҩʹȵĸ
褵Ļδ˵꣬ѾǱӸˣ
׳Ȼ룡
ԭһ׼ѾǱؾͮһԵز˳ȥ
ȻɫǱ˲ѣΪӵļ룬Ǹо̬Կơ
˿ֻ̣ʣˡ




1852ʩ
 

ؕDķڣ
ӾôŸֶף֪״Ҫʲô
׵ȴ᲻κλҽĺۼ
һﵽҪʲô
ҪӺؕDĻȴԼˡ
ֹӣ룡ӵһε̧ͷ˿ȻֵҳֵʱȻ֣
ʺʱǳ֮
ЩƵĿ׳ʵ
ȻǾתҩʧʱתȻ峤ĵȴҲһǿıʩȴ˾޴Ѷȣ
׽飡
Ҫ񽫾ת𵤵ҩɢĻһĶ
һˣڽʵҲ̫˵
֮ѹӦûκεġ
ֻҪκεʧõİ취Ҳֻܹˡ
׵ĻҲһ㶣ܿҩЧˣʱûһ㱣ǸӵΣգ
ͬҲýͣ
ײǲӽͣʵûа취飡
ؕDҲ΢΢һ̾ȻֹӣֺαضһأѾĴˣ
ء
ӻ˵ЩʲôҲûа취ҽؕDûκεĵ
׿ؕD峤ֻҪ̬ɣһеʩ֮飡
ŶֹӶһεʩȾôаգؕDҲЦʵ
ǺǣβãһԵλҪˣݸһЦ
ã
Ҳûʸڷϣܸо⣬ȴ֪⵽
κؕD
Ӿǲܵ飬ֻǰЩ̫ܣ
ʱһһĹȥ
ת𵤵ȷǺǿ󣬹ȥ˴һʱ䣬ҩŽɢȥ
Ҳˣ˵ҪؕDӦþİ취Ӷѡ
֮⣬Ӧûʲôõİ취ˣ
ݣ
ؕD֮ʣ׵ѾǶһö룡
ӵ۾͵бһľ⣡
ײδӣ벻ǸӶѣҪý뽫ԼڵתƵؕD֮У
ڣ
ûؕDѨλ֮У׵ֲϵؐ꣬ȥһҽķ緶
Ѩλ񲢲ʲôѨλһҪʲô
Ŀ׵ĶһвԾĻҪˣ
ֻҲûпóһﵽﲻԾ
һЩֵϢö룡
ƾþ˰취ƺڴ֮ҲзֺĴ
ɻʾǿߣȻ͸һڵСӣ
ӵһɾκˣ
ֻƺûκεİ취ֻܹ۵С۵Ŀʩȣ
ˣ
׿ʼˣԭϪһĿʼӴȣ
ؕDüͷƺܵ˾ҵʹ
״˿ڹ۲ؕDĵﴦһɱŰӳֵ֮ƺԵøΪı겻
׵ѾǽһűŰĹס
һ㣬һ㣬һ㣡
ײϵļӳƺ̰ԵСһ㣬Լŵϵţ
ǿԭŰıûƢ
䣡
ʱ֮ؕDںȻŷһ
ȻվеļöƺʱпҪ׵
ܹܵؕDϵĽһε
ֻĶͷҲķǳĽһﵽڸʲô
Ժ֮ʺţ
һѲĿԾؕDĻ˵ҽҪ߳Լֹһ˰
ʵҲڹ۲ӣΪһԼЩ
ҲҪ̫ľһϾһﲢһ嶯֮ˡ
˿̣׵г޵ϲ֮飡
Ϊڸղһ̣ŵһűŭѹ£Ȼŷ˷֮⣡
ֻǵһ֮ԭҵƺѹһ֣
ֻҪôظȥĻò˶õĻһźبؕD֮еͻǵϻˡ
һʱ䣡
ڼؕDѾǷʮ׵ĶͷҲðϸϸĺ飡
ĵȷǸ
ӿףԭķ֮ҲʧˣľΣԸоóؕDɫȻЩˣ
Ǻתļ󰡣
ұ
ӵо֮ʣȻ׵Χһͳŭ
䣡
ؕDڣһɹ˳˿̵˽룬վ




1853𾪵
 

չ
׵ĸоҲãȻľʲô
ؕDĲһ˵ȷѶ൱Ĵ
ϾҪһΪǿסݿ񱩵Ϣ
ֻ׵Ϊ⣬ĽɻʾڵĿϢѹƵûƢ
ҪʣɻʾڵΪʲôҪɵ۵ܹѹأ
ʵϣҲǳļ򵥣
ɻʾڣҪȫȫĿסȱŰϢҲǲܵġ
ؕD״̬£ɻʾ֮˿
ϾЩ˶˵ҲǿԳ֮أ
ڲһˣؕDѾǵΣڵϦʱ̣һ⣬˵Ĵ
ǱģǾǵ
һ𣬵µõĻô룬ؕDʮľ棡
һߣû˵ǵû˺һ㣡
ȻԼеĽ룬̽һؕD壬ЩѺ۵ĵطҲǱ׸ȻĲˣ
ؕD˵ֻҪһʱ䣬Իָǰʵ
ӣҲû뵽׵ЧȻܹõ˵ľأ
ԭؕDڵıŰ׸׵˳Ҳǻ뵽ؕD澭֮У
ҲΪؕDٻָṩһ
ӵüͷԭоؕDѾ˿ȴоؕDĵ֮з·עµĻһ㣡
ؕDڵԽԽǿҲסˣ
ֹӣˣ
ӵһθ˵֣ԭĲмһ˼أ
֮᪻Ϊʦ
ʵϣҽɽ֮κһˣ
΢΢ͷˣΪ˾޴Ĵˣ˺ܶྭҪʱڻָҲЩѣһ££Ӧòˣ
һ׵ĻһѾǳؕDĸǰ
ȵ鿴֮㵵ķ֣ԭһűŰѾǳ׵ʧӰˡ
棡
Ӹоһľ棬һֱûգһ۾ûп׵ʲôķģ
ֹӣôģ⡭Ҳ̫˼˰
ӿף֮һļ
ڣ
ȻɻʾڵǿһһȲбϢ
ʵϣɻʾڵǿһĻȻҲ֪Լö˶˵ġ
ֻϢؕD֮У㹻ʱ׼
װڰֵֻҵĶطѣҪҽĻҿܻĲ㰡
ֹ̫ǫˣƾղһֽ֮ҿԶ϶ɽҲûм˸վ˵ԼҽֹҪ
ǳ׵ķˣ
׿ӵһԣҲ᲻ôһܹ峤ҲҶ˵Ĺͣ
ĳʲôҲûߣ̰ؕDҵ֮ѣֹһݣ
ӿףҲǳ׾һ
Цŵ㣬峤Цˣ峤ȻѾˣֺαװ˯أ
ֻǺٿģҾ͡
ؕDҲ¶ЦݣѾûˣ
ֻΪʵûȫĻָѣ
˿̣ؕD֮ޱȣӵҽ֪ܲأ
֮ǰ׾Լȫһҽ뷨
ԼκεϣϾʵѾԼ˰
ֻû뵽ǣӶѾ̣˾ȻľԼ
ӿؕDһεĻվߣҲЦذȻҿҵЦ
ؕDҲݸһЦܿԼݣȻ׵ķ򹧹ľһؕDлֹӾ֮
װڰֵ峤øҿʵҾ㣬ȻҲҵ뷨ġ
ֹк뷨ʾֻҪؕDܹģƴǣ
ؕDףڻ³˲֮ǰ޿Ѿȫ
ֻˣҩʹʳԨԴ
׿ӳʵ
ҩʹȶڶ۳֮Уʳ޽һؕDˣҲܵʳ
Ӳ֪Ҫ˵Щʲô˵ĵʵ
ؕDҲǵͷǰҩʹʳ
װڰֵ峤ʳؼƺѾ첻ȥˣûط
طֹǡ
ؕDû뵽׾Լ֮󣬿ڵĵһ仰
׿ؕD˵ҵݵʱ峤Ȼ֪֪ؼڴʳѾû֮أ
ֹӣǴʳ֪Ļ
ؕDһҲ֪ôشף˼ұϾǾˣûֹӣؼѾǲˣ
׵ŴǵĻʹķȥǷһ˿Цʳңֻһܹվš




1854շؼ
 

ؕDķڣ
ԭգ׵ĻЩѹ֣
ؕD֪ǰλͻȻ֮俪ڣ϶żȻ
֪˵˭
ԼѣԼ֪˵ĵϸ
ؕDҪ֪ǣһﵽ˭
ؕD׳ֹӵĻؼûжþͻᱻɵҲʣˣ
ӿ׵ֹӣʳŲֹ֮Ӧʳڶ۳֮ҲΣȻǼʳʵСﰡ
Ȼֻ֪ѯһ峤ѣǿ󣡡
׵˵һݴݲȵʣҲЩסˡ
һﵽĵ
ؕD׵ҵֹȣΪֹӸҲǣĳӦֹӱǣֻǻֹӸ֮ĳǡ
޵ɹ
׳ȷ˵ȥûɶ
ײģôˣֻҪʵ㹻ǿһ𾴱
ס
ؕDӵ϶͸һ˿ĹŹ֡
Ͼһĵ۾˵ҪһʳƴһʵЩ˷˼
ô峤ϣʵ峤ڷڣü˵˲ϲǿˣϾǿŤĹϲ𣡡
ʥҲ̫СĳˣĳȻӦᷴڣؕDЦֺҲͦȾ˵ġ
һԵһĿ׵˵ʵɽô꣬ʥҼһˡһССҪսʳʵ̾Ϊֹ
Ǹо̫ˣ
һССȻҪһʳһսⲻ۵
ɴӸղ׾ؕD־ƺʲôطԣ
ȻǸɵӣûһĵô
ؕDҲǹֵʥϣˡ˵䲻˵Ļʳʵһ˽ġ
Ǻǣ峤ӣ޼Ȼ׼սʳûһôأԺ֪ġ
׵ŹϣƺҲԴȾ
ؕD˵˾һؼΪĻңҲڱҶĴλá˵ҾĻĺ֡
üͷ֮ǰ峤˵ǻɣһôᡭ
ʥ֪֮ǰ˵Ŀ϶ԾͮƢһ뾡취ΪұôĿأ
ؕD˵ҲʵֻʵҲûκεĵ
ؼҴڴʳò˶ûǻᱻҸʳĸɸɾ
粩һ·
Ȼڿȥ·ƺҲЩãٱȴڴʳҪһЩɣ
ӿ׳ʥϣ֪ʲôʱ֣ЩλҪжɣ
Ǻǣ޶Ļ׳氡
΢΢һЦʵҪ£Ʋʳˡ
ΪǣʳĻңһδʳĵ۾
İɣ
ӾֵĿףλǰλĵ۾Ҫʱ£
ŶоЩ}Ļţ
΢΢һ̾Щ飬Ҳ£Ͳģ
λʥҲйϵ
ؕDλȻϤѣϾԼŮҲǲμһελġ
ؼͻȻʵĻһελؼһϯҲ˵ء
Ͼؼ֮ǰǴʳĴ֮һ
չִʳǿʢʱ
׿ؕDЦʵ֪峤ʶһˮŮӣ
ˮȻʶǿѧԺһٮٮߣҲʳĽ
ؕD죬оЩпգ
úõô˵ˮأ
׿ؕDɻӣҲҴŵˮҪõŮˣ
ۣ
ؕDһѪûʥ˵ô벻
ǲ֪ǰλʥΪλţ
Ҳ˵ˮ᲻ϲλʥϣϲǴʳҲͬⰡ
ⷻ䴫ԣˮѾ̫ļȶѡ
˵ֻһλ֮󣬴ʳĵ۾Ҫگͻˣ
ʥϣĪڿЦɣˮѧԺΪĵӣЩţҾ˵
ؕDҲһλ£ûʲô
һһʳѾبδе飡
ڻʳƣֱĲˡ
ҪԿʳҲôɣ
ؕDŵǣѾǱ׸ȻˣҲֻǶѡ
׿һؕDЦŵ˵ʳ̫Ҳλˮǰɣ




1855Ƿ
 

ؕDķڣ
˵ⷬؕDӶǾˣ
ʥѾ֪ˣΪλִţ
ؕDЩ˼⣬Ҫ˵Ҳ̫˰ɣ
һҲǵͷҾ˵Ķԣʥ̫嶯ʱ򷴶ǵòʧ
׿ؕD΢΢ֵ峤̫꣬ǴʳˣȻʳǲţǿɹֲˣ
ʳ˵Ŀ΢΢ѧԺһǿǱеǱɰʥΪ˲Ŵʳһ𣿡
ؕDһʵҪ̫ˡ
ȻҲóΪļ֮⣬֮һΪԼǳŻ
׵ͷ峤˵Ĳ޵һҪ峤ؼҼҴ֮£ʱǵǨɡڴǵ飬ؼҲ֡
ʥǺ⣿ؼҲ̰֮ʳȻؼңڼȻؼҼ˴Ķҡڲأ
ؕDԴǵľܾ׵飡
׹һЦ峤ģѾܵˡֻ޵ʱǴʳ˳ͻĻȻİ취һؼҵĻ͡
ӿ׳ʥϣİ취֪Ǵʳʵûиֵҿ¡
Ǻǣˣ黹λܲźãһؼٲ
׺ĵѵ
лʥؕDЩж˵
Ҳһɻ˴ĵҪˮʲô취أ
ʵеɻɲֹЩ֪׵Ϊˮأ
ǵʱ͵ʴף˷۱
֪ˮһЩ飬֪峤ɷ֪أ
׿ؕDЦʵҪ֤ǣˮ񵽵ǲԼҪҵǸˮ
ǵĻҲûбҪ˷ʱˡ
ؕDЦһ˵ʵˮˮҲֻ˵ŮˮӦǱȽϤģͬΪѧԺǰʮˣЩ߶
Ŷã
Ҳˣ֮ǰؾͮڴʱһ졣
ֻײ֪ͮȻҲѧԺǰʮĴڣ
ؕD׵ʥϣҰǺʻ
΢΢ͷǵͲҪɢˣһվɼɡ
ӿЦһʥϣൣŮСҸ߻ˡ
޷һӶѣ
׵˵оһΣ
Ͼ׿ȥԼŮҲȴֻõ˴ʥۣʵЩЦԷǵĸо
ظĻ԰ͥԺڣ
ؾͮȼѾʱˣǵȴʼչһĨ֮ɫ
ؾͮڵȴǱʱشجģ
֮ѾεסˣΪԼүүĻֱӳȥˡ
˵磬ǸһⶼȥˣβӦҲ˰ɣ
褷ǳĲȫ˷ʱ䣡
ؾ褶ãȻүүѾˣǾүүİŰɣүүĳˣүүӲɣ
Ψһˣ
ЦһСóǽүүһһ㶵ģүүĻͰСӺȥˣ᣿οôȥĻһǿɾλ˰
Ұ鶼ˣͮϽȥϢһ°ɣΪλ׼ܳʱ䰡
ؾԼãҲǷǳۣȻ֪ʱԼûû˼ȥμʲôλˡ
Ȼ
ͮЦһ磬ڻбҪ׼Щ𣿡
һжǹǼһҪܵĻͮȫ԰ĵȥμλȻȡһΣүүҲܸһ²𣿡
ڶ׵ԹԽԽѾ֮ŭĵزˡ
磬˵үү᲻ᡭ
ͮ˱۵ĻһҲЩȻˣ
ؾͮĺ󱳵үү࣬һûµġ
ֻ˵ʱ۽Ѿǹһ˿ˮ
˵ж᲻ᵯ
һؾǵĴˣ
ߣǸһǸƭӣ磬һһҪǧС
ҧгݵ˵ɾδ֮ʣ
Ѿǳ˵ĸǰ˹ԼŮĻ˻ԭЦѾʧ
ͮѾ棬һҲƲסĵˡ




1856ҸҴһ
 

ظĻ԰ڣ
ɫʱ򲢲ÿ˵һӳ˹ȵף
ʵԭʱܺãȴԼŮƻˡ
һֱף˼ѾɹˣԼĿ࿴
ԼŮȻ˵ҪǧĻӶоûš
үү
ؾӵӣ৵һҲ˳
һԵͮزҲǺòȥǱı֮ɫŨ쳣
ؕDΪؼô峤ؾͮүүһ˭ܹܵأ
һԼүүӣǰүүǲǸ˰ѡүүҽˣҾ˵ǸһΣƫƫţ
褣
ӿûκεı飡
һ㶣Щʵүүôˣ
ôˣһ쵽߶߶ĸʲôѲû˵һ˵ĵ𣿡
ŭһ˶𾪵Ŀһʱ䲻֪˵ʲôˡ
زǼ棬Ҿ֮һҪḻܶࡣ
Щ˵ѡѲֹ
ߣȽȥɡ
Ӻת㳯ؕDķ˹ȥ
ʵҲǻģؼҶѾ˼Ҵʥϸձˡ
һڵСӣȻ˵ĵʶȷΪĺգ
ؾͮವһ±㳬Խӣ˿ҲѾǹ˼ʲôˡ
ŸղӵĻƺоһ˿˿ϣ
Ȼǵ֮иܹκԼүүϣܹϣ
ӸղŹû˵Լүү˲
ûκʵҲһƽĶȹȥˡ
ؕDķڣ
׺ؕDǱߺŲ죬˿̵ؕDѾû֮ǰӣ
أ
ֱӱƿˣؾͮȳ˽
ֻǵǳʱͬʱסˣ
ͮôôĻŻŰôˣҲ֪һЩ
ؕDԼӺŮҲǳ
ؾͮĨһᣬǼĳ嵽ؕDĸǰϸļԼүү
ؕD΢΢Цʲô°ɡ
үүôȲ˰⡭ô°
ͮ˵ЩˣǰһĻԼĸʵ̫̫ˡ
ԭһѾһµˣȴߺȲ裿
ֱ˵һ㣡
ؕDһ׵ݼֹӡ
ֹӣĴؾûؾһݣ
ؾ̾Ҫ£һԵͮҲǸ׼£
ȴڰֵһнԵ֣ˣ
үү
׻δ֮ʣҲѾ˽ֻǵؕDö˶˵վߵʱҲһ֮ɫ
ؕD΢΢׵褶Ҳһɡ
ЩĿɿڴʿˮүү㱻Ǹһκˣ⡭ôܣ
Ǻǣֹֻشһҽ
ؕDҲǲͣΪһɻʾǿߣȻ֪κԼжôĲˣ
ȻѾǼ˴ӹ沢ף
ֻǵһεβˣ׵ȷЩ͸ĸо
УһҽҿϹèӰɣ
Ȼ𾪣ϻ¶һмı飡
׿Цһﻹǲ⣬ƺҲɣ֪˭֪ʲôʵô¶ۣԺҪԿģ
˽褶ԽԽˣ
үүֻʵʵ˵ʵҶ磬˵ʲôҽҿһξɣ
褲ĿӣһûκεĺøУ
ҲһƣſڿСһۣôǳأ
һؼҵĿѾǴﵽˣѾͷҲøһʶˡ
ҲǵһΣҾһΣ
ӳ֮ܣΪʵܹ涪𣿡
˿̵ԼҲ֪˵ʲôˣ
Ѿͷ͸һĸ׶Ÿɣһθ׵Ķ̰˵
ʵ
ȻŹ֣ʵڣǿΣ
ԼŮѾ۷壬ֻһ̤ڵĲΣ˵׾ԲĶ֣
ǰɣҸҴһ𣿡
һԼүүô˵֮һ˷ͷ
֣ݵ񣡡
ŭһҪǸԼŮ˵Ļǵʱ濴ˣ
ΪʲôҪ򣿡
û˵СǻǻűԼʵоҪԼ䣿
զԼأ
ֻ״˻һϸѿһ㵽ǲǸˣ




1857Ҳֻ
 

ؕDķڣ
˿̣ؕDؾҲһĿЦһԵɫĺܣ
׹ֵֹӣǲ˼Ůҽ߻ˣ°
үүɻʾǿߣڵļһǸ
ЩŵĿԼүүоǿһЦһ㣡
ǰɣΪʦĵֹҽȻǳԽңô򵥵ĵ𣿡
Խүүɣɶѣ
褸һҽѾǳԽԼүү˵ʲôֶζѣ
ҪҽĻһôԼүүĶأ
׿΢΢ҡͷҿӲһʶǻĵİɣ
ؕDҲǵͷǰĵģĵģͮˮӦʶɣ
ʶүүͻȻʵˮ񡭡
ͮû뵽ԼүүˮͻȻ֮ȤҲЩƵʵ
ֻ⻰һ룬Ѿǲ廰ʲôģףҪǸ˾͸ҴһҪôͳ㲻Ǹˣ
Ǻǣ֪ǲ˺ܼ򵥣ǹȴȻ֪ˣ
ԭԴŮͦƢģŮʵЩ
ǵ治ʶôĻѵһҲȻģ
΢΢һ̾ԼŮûκεİ취ѲɻԼŮһٲɣ
Ҳó飡
ֻʵ̫ˣҲ褣㻹㣬ɱүүˡ
үүֻսѣдⲻǺ𣿡褸оԼ൱
褣ֹүүľˣôأ
ؾ褣ҲЩˣ
һֱ褻ǱȽϵĶ£û뵽褾ȻôĻ룡
褿ؾ磬ҾǲһҪôҴһҪô
ΪʲôҪķһӮҲûкôҲûкôֲ˵ˣ컹òμλ˷ҵľ𣿡
׿褣ҪǿӵϣһӾȥˡ
ڣ˭ҲóѾΪĲͷˣ
㣿μλǰܲˣ
޼ɵĳףֻҪռݵϷ͵
΢΢һ̾үү˵Ǿ֮ܣȻ
㡭쵰Ҵ򰡣Ҵ࣬㲻ҪôӮңҵƷɽˣӿ»֪Ʒɽ׳ʲôģɣ
褼̣Ϊľ׸һ
һԵؾͮһûЦ˼еƷǿ൱ġ
еƷɽȻҲҪ˼еƷȽϵĻ˦˲֪ˣ
磬˾ȻҪһƷĻĳһĸˡ
Ʒ
ѹҲϣֻŮһֱ룬ʵǷ˵ĺܣ
ȻԼԼ棬ֺأ
ҲƢŮ˲ɫһƣ찡
ֹӣһʶ
һ׾ȻӦˣҲһ
ҪĴӦĻ׵ʱˣϿɾ͹ȥˡ
ӻ뵽һƵ⣬ӮˣԼŮҲӹȥˡ
˭Ӯ˭䣬ò̫ã
õİ취ǲƴڻһĽȥõġ
һ׵Ļ̵ãѵÿһˣȻӦˣھͿʼɣ
ؕD׳ֹӣɲ褶ǸӰ
үүôҵӰһﵽʲôΪʲôҰ
ԹĿˣһ̣оԼƺһ㣡
һѾǴӦԼҪ¾ģһһҪúõĸһһЩɫ
װڰֵҪƷɽв֮ɣһһҪȥйһȦ˳עأ
㡭㾹Ȼҿ𱾹
۾ɵϴʱף޲̻һźأ
Цŵˣϻ˵ˣȻҪ򣡡
úúãҵҪʲôͣһҪ㸶ۣ
褶ݺݵĿףڿӣ˶оˬ
ظԺڣ
Ѿȵվ䳡ϣҲǽķ˳
˿˽ŵӣҲ΢΢̾Ϣһ˹ȥ
ʵΪƵľؼˣҪ֪׿ǵĶ˰
ȻˣһҲǵ֮ѣһӮʵ̫á
ؕDϣӮͣһᡭ




1858㶪˶Ļ
 

һĨߣ
һɫվͥԺ֮ڣЩ޷Զĸо
褿ף¶һ˿ŭĳ
ӿ褶̫ˣ
үүҴСҲûôǽһҪһ︶ۣүүֹĻԺҡҡҾͲˣ
Ҳ֪ӦôвԼүүȥΪƤ
׿΢΢һЦȻҴӦˣǱȶһҲνӮҲҪ
ߣھԼ·ˣˣУ
褵ҲǱȽϵƷԼ֮ǰһ䣡
ɱĻ¾ûˡ
ֻͨıԶѣȻԣȴûдﵽְ״̬
ؕDľˣͳһ㣬Ҳֵġ
Ҫģ¾ǺúõĽѵһˣ
ݣ
һɫĽѾǳ׵ķϮ
˿̵褣ѾǻһϯһƬռ䣡
Цһ
⵹ӵһĲ죬һҪʲô
ӵ˵ǲΪϾǴ褵ϲδܵɱ
䣡
ǵѾ׵ָܷ·Ҫһ㣡
ûˣ
褵ɴ۾ףһȻʧˣ
ɻûȵ֮ʣоԼͷƤһķ飡
ȭ
׵ȭͷ׼ݣһǿϢѾ϶µѹ
أ
Ʒˣ
׵ȭͷֱӴ͸褻æ֮ĵֿһȭ˾ųһֵĵط
ХȭͷΪΣĹͷͣ
һǳɣ
ֵĻ褵ϿѾǱһֲȭͷˣ
ӵĹ˻ûüϸʲô
һѾǽˣôͻȻ
׹ֵлƷ

㶣֪һﵽôƿԼķģ
Ÿղ׵ȭͷԼıǼһֵľ룬һ̸оһ裡
һﵽôģ
褴˿ԺϸĻŸղһУǼһûģڻ֪Ϊʲôģ
ˣ𣿡
Ӹղǿ׵ģȻڣɸղһȭԲڵʵ
Ҳ˵ղһռ˾ԵϷ磡
Ȼеĳɷ棬˼Ӯ˾Ӯ˲
õĲȭͷ˼õķɽأҪһЩ
ֻչʾԼһʵѣûеͷֺαظһʶأ
һУܹƷ褾ѾǴﵽĿˣ
үү͵Ϯ
ʵû˵ˣԼԼһɣ
һԵؕD褶ҲиߣȻֹӴӦ㣬Ӯ㣬Ҳع𣿡
˵ѾͷûгԹǱԣֹõƷɽ㻹úõվ˵𣿡
ǡ
褻ǲ͸оһɵģ
ӳ˼ֹκүүĲûһûȴ˵˼ɵģ˼ʵ㻹Ҫ˼ұ䣡ڱˣ㶪˶ĻӲǲ֪ν
褶ֹӱϾүүľˣȻǵ㵽Ϊֹ˾£һлӮ𣿡
ͮ褣Ҳ뱻ӰԼ飡
ѾˣǽԴϲ
ߣһǹõģ
褻˵ֻ֪׵ʵĻ¾Ͳôˣ
΢΢һЦҵƷɽ
ҡû䣡
Щ᲻ˣƷɽԼĥԼүүþòŪġ
ɽ褿ЩͷˣҪͳȥĻЩ᲻õġ
׿΢΢һЦĪǲˣ
ߣӵƷˣôķϣ͸һƷ͵Цɡ
˵ֱ꣬ӴԼĴָóһƷ׵ķֱ
ŭһ褣ȻˣǱˣҪӵ𣿡
үүƷ
褵г˲ζ׸һĲˬ
΢΢һ̾ȻˣҲǿˣƷҾͲҪˣҶǡ
ʹĴΪҪҾ͸𣿺ߣƷ㻹ûɣ
ɫףиֳһ˿Ц
һԵӸоҪԼŮըˣ
ֻҪ˵һԵѾǳؕDЦŵ峤ΪףؼҴˣ⼸ƷҷҲûɶãǷ˰ɡ




1859¼ؼ
 

ಣ
ļƷѾǸ˵ĸǰ
ʵķɽ˵ĸǰɢҫ۰Ĺâ
ƷɽҲǷǳţˣһҪӵһ
ʲôƷɶˣһóļƷνһݣ
ѾϹ˵۾
Ʒ
һӾļ˭˶оһۺ죡
ؕDǿЩ˵ˣǰƷɽʿˮֹ֡ӣҵҶûóл⡭ⲻʣʰ
һԵؾͮزж¶ľ⣡
Ʒ
ǿĶؼҹΪʳĴ֮һƷȴЩŵġ
ǵĶϱҸӶһգ
˵ƷھƷҲֻܹһˡ
֮ǰؾóǼƷʵǷǳһ֣
ôأ
ؾǱԼΪֵǮĶˣ
ҲΪʲôؾôϵƷʯҪƷһԭ
ΪʵûʯһҪúһЩĶŵǼ
ȻˣһǾΪǸжҲϤ
һŵһٵԭ
ؾҲһĭֹӣ⡭ҵܡ
޷ȻҰóˣȻҵԭġԺңҲǱ֮ǰؼҵĲģҸؼҵһɣ
ԭ˵ؼҼ飬ھҲν
Ҳ͸ȥʲô̫Ķ
ֹӣ
ͮһ֮ҲףȻֿ˿һԵؕD
ؕDһ㶣漴ЦŵѾؼҼԺǸʥһɽˣ
ףô°
ؾסˣҪ֪ڿǴʳһٰôһ¾ͱ˴أ
һССؼڿ¶̲ˣ
죡
ؾǳĹ죡
׿ؾЦŵԺ֪ˣʱ˵ȥһվɾͿˡһελ֮˵
ֹӣǸʲôĵ۾𣿡
ͮףҲû뵽ȥļһȻһĵ۾
ȻһЩʳļ˵ʲôɱϾһɹĵ۾ǻҪһЩʵͷԵġ
׻δ˵ؕDѾǳȻؼҼԺǶʥһҪ
ǣүү
ؾȷӦ˹ȻԼүү¶˾ģôҲֻøˡ
Ҫ֪ؼ֮УؕDΪһҵ峤žԵȨġ
үүȻѾļҲֻܹһˡ
ǵѡ
װڰֵţȵ˴֮峤ƷҵʱȻҲĵģ
ʥϣȻƷؕDҲ𾪵Ŀף
⻰˼׿ֹܻһƷ
һԵѾǳ׵ɵˣƷڿǸЦ
һ϶ǹģ
ôƷȻϷԼȻһжԤıõġ
οһһͳļƷ۾գһ£Ȼǲֹôĺö
øղԼ˵˼Ҽûмڵ褸оԼ˴žžģ
һǮ˿һˣȴ˱ԼǮֹ
ָоʵ̫ˣ
ɫͨ죬Щ΢΢Ȼһҵײ֮У
ӹЦʥϹȻ찡ذҿһǸˣ
ؕDҲ̾һʥϣ˿
ݸһЦԺῴģѾ˵ˣȻǸޣ޾Բʧģ
лʥʹͣ
ؾͮȻЩӦɫϵת䣬Ҳòʵ
ؼڴʳѾǻ첻ȥˣ
ͷβ
ؾͮҲԼүүǶԵģϾڴʳгҵѹƣǾԲܸؼҷĻᡣ
⻻һδһֺõѡ
΢΢һЦʥԺҪĳæģ֨ǣ
޵ϣܹҴֻϧҲ֪ʱͬģҲͲȤˣ
׿Ҳʼ
ӹһЦʥ϶ĳãһĳͶʥϣʱʥϿɵҰ
ӲЦѣôȥͶһĵأ
ǰλʥϵӼܹܲпɽȥһδ֪أ
¶һ˿ŵЦݵһ
褷ߺ޵ĿףҪ˵ЩʲôоԼѾǹ˵ˣҰһ컹û˵
Ҫ֪ˮϢҲøһʶˡ




1860ɵؼ
 

ؕDķڣ
ҲΪ֮һɣؼ񶼵õԼǵƷǶ׸ӵˣ
һеǰᶼؕDľؾͮΪ׾ȺؕDŵµĽ
ؼҼǾؼҶ׵һֱ
ԺǾͻ֪ؼܹһôҪľ
׿ͮ΢΢һЦعҵиҪ㡭
ʥϡͮ˵ʥ֣װڰֵڴףʥϳƺֱӺֹӼɣҲԣ
⡭ֹӣʡ
ͮǲ֪֮ˣȻ֮ǰǰ飡
˼һٶİؼҶȹѹأԼϻԼƷ
ͮڲ֪ôĻľǸ褲ˣ
أ
˿Ѿǲ֨ˣ˵ĻǱ˸ͮɲȥ
ؕDһЦŵֹҪʵıˮ顭
ˮʦ㣿
ͮףҪ׵ȷһµǲ飿
ҲǸоһ֣ˮʲôϵأ
΢΢ͷȷҪʵıˮ飬֪عˮ˽жأ
ˮʦ㣿ֹΪʲôҪأ
ͮһŰ֮ȼգҲҪΪʲôҪˮأ
Ҫ֪ˮʳǶ˾֪ĴŮ
ȻˣŮΣϾɽ֮УŮƣǳʲôŮҲʲôֵҫ飡
ݸһЦˮǴʳһһĴŮ˱ȽϲŮҶЩȤ

ͮһЩ޻˵ŮӺϣȷǸɣ
һԵؾݸһЦֹӹȻˣֻǹ˵ֹӾͶˮȤ
ʼҲͲҴˣһʳΨһĿģǴˮ񣡡
ʲô
˵¶֮ɫˮⲻǿЦ
ͮ׻һ㣬ʥϻڲͬ
ʲôɶ˵
˵ģԺ˭Ҷλˮʦ㶯һ˼
ʵǵ仹ӵܣ˭ˮзǷ֮룿
أ
˭ұ¶һ˼˭֪ʳ̫ӵ¶λʦǰĽѾأ
ؾףӶˣ
ֹӣǸǿЦɣ
ЦǺǣ㿴ǿЦ𣿡
ҲûʵֻҪԼ˵Ļһ˶ķӦ
ҲӦˣֻҪ֪һˮĽѣ
ڵʱߴˮȫǿˮԼ˼ˣ
ղԸԼߵĻҲˣ
ֻҪˮϸԼߣʳһս׿Ҳν飡
ֹӣѲɲ֪ˮ񵽵˭ˮʦ㣬һǷȰֹһ䣬Ҫˣ
ͮΪ׿ǣˮǿǲܵ飡
׵ͷΪ
ֹӣؼǴˣȻҲҪΪǣҾôʵ̫嶯ˣ
ؾףҲǵȰο
ǳ嶯ֱɱΪ
ؾֻǹ˼һ׵ӣ˵Щίѣ
װڰֵзִ磬ʱ۷ʲô飬Ҳó棬͵ûзκһ㣬øʲôǸʲô
ǡֹΪʲôһҪˮʦأκһ˶ϣԺŮƣֹӿ˭Ҹ˵ȥǣˮʦǿǡ̫ӵ¿ϵ˰
ͮ˵ԼҪ˵Ļһ뵽λ̫ӵ£Ͳסҡͷ
˵ˣ鲻ǹܣˮںδ׳ʵ
ˮʦȻԺ׼һελˣ
ͮ
ЦʵҿԼһ𣿡
ˮʦ㣿⡭²̫ܰͮʿˮˮʦסǿɶɴ޻ҵĸְأҪˮʦ㲻
ǺðɣȻ˵ĻֻеȵλʱˣݸһЦ
ֹӣλˮʦĺߣҲ͵ģҡҺҲ֡
ͮһ飬ֲ֮ǰ׵һϤ
ͻȻˣֲ֮ǰλϿ
΢΢ͷҵȷҲμλղ˵Ǹʲô
ǸһھʰҲʯߵȼ۵Ķעѹ˵Ļǵʱ
ͮ׵ӵתţҲǽ͵




1861¹ھʰ
 

ھʰ
ʵ˵İ
ɽĶҲǷǳˣ
ڼȻ˵ˣǴ׬һʵĺûᰡ
ʯҲûл𣿵ʱÿ׳ԼĶ飡
Ȼ˵ײȱʯʯҲǶ
ؕD˼ӣЦŵֹӶҲȤֻǸиһͷѣ
ǰֹӣʳ֮УܹжʵҲôǽ꣬ˮʦ㵱ʲõ˵һƺǳС
ͮǳעЩϾǴʳˣһδʳлڣȻǸӵĹעˡ
οԼҲǲμһελǾԵȥʣ
ЦŵǺǣⶫЩ˼֪ˮǶٰ
ֹӣȰǲҪ˰ɣˮʵǵ͵£һǧƷʯ⸶һǧʮƷʯûУһĻˮһĲ㣡
ͮԭҲҪԼĸעģɺǾʵ̫ˡ
һԵؾҲǵͷǰ֮ǰͮоҲǷˣ
ؕDҲǵͷЩи˾ô׵ĿأЩûʵˣʼߣЩһʵ͵ĺܣ
Цʵ֪ҵǶٰ
ֹӵʣҡҵʱûע⣬ʮϵʰɡ
ͮЩε˵ôܹעЩܶڵ˵أ
˵ˣʱ׺һλ֪ڶλģûϣ֣
ʮ
΢΢һЦԽߣԽϲ
ֹĴעؕDҲסˡ
΢΢ͷΪʲôأ˱ȽϵţעĻҾ͸Լעµһ
Լעͮؾ˶ЩĿɿڴ
ǰλʥϵأ
ؕDҲסˣܿЦŵҲǲԣҿֹӵʵǳǿҲܹ漣أ
漣ǺǣүүΪλǰҼ𣿡
Щ̲ס˵λÿһ춼Ǿʷ׳ʣ
λϻֹɻʾѧԱҪλӱǼǲܵ飡
ղһȷǽҵӮԼҲԼûз£
λˣһʵǷǳǿ֣
˻ûκεķ
ʱ򼴱㲻ɱǺɱҲѾûκεˡ
һεûԼŮҲǵͷֹӶԼĹȻǺ£λĲпҲ˵ģԻذעһ漴ɡ
ǺǣҲһ
ҲԸ˵ʲô֮ǰ˵ҪˮҲûκţ
Щ鲻ȵһ̣ܶ˶ǲŵģ
ؕDҲǹһЦСҿֹǲһӮ˵ĻǵʱҲС׬һעһǧƷʯʲôģʱܹ׬üأ
ˡ
ӿؕDҲʼ磬ĻЩҲû˵ȥ
ԼҲоЩ֣Լһ𼶱Сӵʱ򣬾ȻЩ˼ˡ
ǰǲ飡
Ͼһλɻʾĸְһ𾳼ĸֿǲΡΡģ
˼ܹԼؕDǰܹ࣬ȷҲһֱ£
װڰֵҪ˵ʲôĳȻףҪȻȥһȦ
ҸͲȥ˰ɣҸкܶ궼ûмˣһѵɣҪȻһȥ
ؕDҲЦʵ˵ȥ벻ȥҲûʲô
ⲻעѣ׹ȥҲһ棡
ţ峤ɣҸؾһȥǡ
׵ͷҲô˹ȥûʲôҪ鷴ԽԽã
Ҳȥ
ȻһȥӲԼүүǴߣ
Ͼʵûʲô˼
ӿ˿褣Ȼֿ˿Цŵ褶ӣֹӶ
΢΢һЦ褶ȻЩ٣ȴҲ˴ţ
ʵҲȥȫǿӵϣ
˼һɻʾǿ߶ԼкˣҲ̫˲ǣ
͵Ǵһƿˣ
һ˵ȳŴʳ˹ȥһǵĿλд½ʮ֮һ³У
ΪʲôҪѡһУ
ȻĵΪһǿ۳³ҵĲҵ
ҪӣȻѡԼĶˣ




1862³ĺ
 

³У
Ϊʮ֮һڶ۳֮ϣǵȻǱȲ϶۳ĹУ
ԭ˶ΪҪȥУȴû뵽ֹӾȻȥ۳У
˸оһĲ죬ǱϾҪעҲû˵ʲô
һ·ϣ˶λ飡
ֻ褶׻ǳɼҪһﵽҪʲô
ѲһҪԼע
ҪĻ͵ſһЦˣ
ֻ׵Ҫִ³еſڵʱӭȴ˼ˣ
ԩ·խ
仰˵һ㶼ûдؾ˿ˣҲһ

һεļؼ̳ļһ˿̣Ҳǳ˼ۺˣ
׵Ŀһۣ³У
ԭЩӦòҪ³еģؾ˽ȥ֮Ҳǽȥˣ
˵ʲô
Ϊ׵һˣȥλ֮Ҫ߳һЩЩ֮гӦֻĩ
ҧҧһԵ˵峤Ǹһ
ߣؼѾįˣǳһ˲ʡİ
˵˽ĳǣؾȻҲʶģ
ͷЩӸ磬һʶ
ֻؼѾǼ˴ҲǵǸؼˡ
Ҳ֪ھҪ£Ҳûʸˡ
ҲֻܹûпףѹҲὫЩ˷У
Ĳۣʱɲ̫棡
峤ǲ֪ǸһһƷ֮ǰҾΪԶģԲһƷʵʮƷʯǳ˵ʲôӡ
ڲֻǺƷ˸ˣǾϹȥ
峤ߣȻҪҵʵѹһˡ
ӣǺǣ˵峤㲻ҪǼһӰɣ
ĳǿų¶һ˿мЦݣ
Ҳ½Ĵ壬ҿɾͲһˣǿƵĴ塣
һֱĴ֮ʵΪǿǸҲΪʲôĳǣ˶ԭ
ңǳҲǲ𰡣
ʵĴ֮еңԭҲ̫ĽӴ
ֻΪڵĵλˣڹҲһĵλ
Щ˴ų棬ȫΪϵҪ⼸˸ó̫¡
٣ֻҪһӣʮƷʯˣ
֪ҪЩƵĴùϵǾͱҪʯ·
һԭҪ⼸λԷţ;ˣһӼ
һ˼ľôؾһźã
ʮƷʯǺǣǱȻҪͷ˰ǵĹӦҲɣǲˣ
ĳǿųʯ˭Ҫ
ȻҪʹܲţ
ʮƷʯȻǺܶ࣬ҲһʲƵ벻ǣ
ĳǹάĵٿĴһȻİ취
Сӻ˵ῴǸʲôɣ
ĳǿų΢΢һЦƨҲһ̹
ֻ뵽һжǳƺõأ
³У
׵ߣһԵؾֹӣǸһ
ͮҲǳǰ겻ɢһκ峤ҲڣǻǲҪΪãЩ˵ﲻ𰡣
ǸʲôҲǸƢͮĻ̵ʲôʲôϵ
һ²һ£ؼѾǵؼˣ֮ǰĻһ治ǣؾ񡭡
ؾƵ̾һؼȻ˼ۣҲˡ
װڰֵǵˣģǾͲùˡ˲Ҳˣ
λӣ³С飬³еƹ񣬲֪λʲôҪ
³иȣҪСˣ
ȷⶫ۳ĵϣǵҲһ㣡
ǵĵȷûôĴ
ƹԽӴҲ˵ҵ⵽һʲô̶ˡ
׿³С˵иλʰ뿴
λܹѡ³עʵ۹³еǿʮߵģ
³С˵Ϊ³ע˱Ƚ٣ǿĵʣ
³еҲע֮Ķ࣡
ŶҸÿˣ׺ٺһЦ
³СóһŰȻ̿˵ĸǰǰʮ֣ʶ棡
׿һʣˮȻڵһλ
ʵûʲô仯һһ
Ҳ˵ѺעһƷʯ⸶һƷʯʤ޵֣
Ҳǿ˿ǰʶǺܸߣ
Ǵܻʳ̫һʵҲǷǳĵ͵ġ
Ѿ˵λˣ
˵ûʲôϷˣ
³СٺһЦλӣ֪ҪѺעһλģ




1863¹ҧһڣҲҧȥ
 

ǰʮλߵʲһң˿Щ޾ɣ
ȻҲѺעЩҪѺעԼѣ
ȿ
ȻҪȫѺעʰ񵥣Ҫĳˮ֮⣬ǾԼˡ
³ƹ񣬺þò
ĳǵ˵ı׵˻ͷȥĳǵ˵ãֻ֮ǰǸĿ¶׹⣡
û뵽ڴϾȻһҲзߺ޲ѣ
ǰ챻ӲŪȥǼƷΨһʹ㡣
ֻΪ⣬ûлᱨ
û뵽һεڽˣ
óʮƷʯҪìתޣʱĳĸ˳ͻ
ʱ򼸼϶֣ʱҲöˣ
Ȼɵ֮ˣһλʯҲ˴㣡
³СԭڽӴ׵ˣĳǵ˴˽Ҳ¶ĵЦݵӴӴϡϡͣĴλ峤ˣ⵹³԰
ĳ΢΢һЦǼһ˭
³Сһ㶣漴Цŵ峤Цˣ峤شС峤᲻ʶɣ
Щˣ
ĳΪľǸӣһؾͮǲ͵Ǹ
ؾֻͮǵĿһĳǣҲû˵
³СȻ֪ӵܵ޹أ
Ψһ¾˽ԼСˡ
³СЦŵ֪λ峤к°
Ҿ͸оǼ˱ȽϵϤ뿴ǵ˭ղž³ƹôһҵˣؾͮ
ĳǵӿȥҪô޳ܾжô޳ܣ
װʶؾͮʵϾΪؾͮ
׿˿Ȼؾͮˣҧһڵʱ㲻ᷴҧһڰɣ
䣡
³еһ¥һѾǱߵķ飡
ĳɫĿףһȵĻ棡
ĳû뵽һﾹȻôԼ˵һʱҲûпƵס
³С鿴ĳЦһ峤Ǻ⣿
³ƹҡһʱ׼³ƹ̸̸š
ĳ֮ͺˣ
³ʲôطǿ۳ĲҵҪûзʲôĻ³Ҳô
ղûס³жˣ
һ³Сץס˰ѱһ˵֮˽Ǻơ
³СɲһΪĴ϶Ǻ͹бе
³УǻϾһЩСѣͬûе֣
³СǵɫڴŻᣬȻĳǺÿˡ
ĳǻ֪Ȥֱӻһת³СҲǵһЦŶʲô⣿
³ƹ񣬲֪Ǽǡ
ĳǿ³С飬鲢һȻõˡ
˽Ļһ򲻳ɵġ
ǸĻĳҲ׼Ҷ֢ҩ
ʮƷʯ
ҲһʲƵ֣Ȼղ嶯һ£ʮƷʯҪõˡ
˷۱
³С鵭˵峤ǹҪעš
λע
ĳһ㶣ؼѾձɽˣʯעأ
ҪþǸᰡ
³СͷλӦҲѾע˰ɣ
ĳҡҡͷûаһЩ̫ʣʷҲǺܸߣעеûаգ
Ŷ嶼ûע³Соһʵ
Ȼ³Уǲµעôܹȥأ³ƹ˵ǲǣ
ĳ˵ˮ©һΪ˰³С飬һΪ˴һؾ
һã
ĳôܲȥأ
ԩͷʯؼʮƷʯ϶òġ
ǾôطѾǽؼҸϾɱˣôôʯأ
Ŷλ峤ע
³Сһ⼸ô˵ҲЦ
һԵĳ³ƹǶ峤ģǴ簡
ĳǹһֵ˵峤ʲôʱǴ˰ֵǸӶ
³С΢΢һЦ峤ĸû峤ǴĽ
ĳǹһЦҵҵ³ƹǰ˭ҳ֮ΪȻ³ƹô˵ˣǾµעɣ˲ҪעȻǱǶˡ




1864׵
 

ƣ
ĳǵ˵Ļ˵رĴʵֳ֮ѾǷǳˣ
һԵ׵ǻãؾͮѾЩҲסˣ
褣Щĸо
ĳǵ˵ĻҲŭһǮ˲𰡣
ӴӴӴλŮ˭Һûмٳʯûʲôġ
ĳǵ˵꣬ѾǹЦ
ıӶЩˣ˼˵ĻҲǸоһı
˿̵Щˣĳǲм˵ˣ
ˣ³ƹȥӴǰɣǲż
ĳ΢΢һЦھҪ˳ܣȻʱóʯԼֱҸʮʮʯˣ
³С΢΢ҡͷȻҲ֪ؼҵĽ
ôҲһⲻǣܱûеĺðɣ
ҲƵĺܣֻϣؼҵܹ΢óһЩʯ
ҵܹһЩ
ʳ³е̺ſ¶Ҫرˣ
³С鳯׵ķ˹Цʵ֪λѡ𣿡
ѡˣ
׵˵ղһʣԼʹȻһ
ʿȥЩˣȴ쳣˷ܣ
һ⸶һ
³еʵȷǱȽϵˣ
ʵЩʾŪ˵ģȻʷǳĸߣȴûע
˵ǰģҲǸѧԺһ֣ûע
ÿһʵҲ
³Сرļǵãһһնʳһ
Ǹ׬貧ӯ³е׬˺üǧƷʯ
֪עȵж
Ȼ³еһ㣬һע֮ҲǧҵƷʯˣ
ϾǧƵߣǿһʾ޴
ٳɶĵ³СȻ֪ģ
Ӯˣô⸶أ׿³Сʵ
λӷĺˣܹӮ˵Ļʱʱ֧ȡ³ͯ۵ģ
³Сĵ˵Ҳ˵滰
³ɽܹλʮУûĻǻʲôأ
΢΢ͷǸղźϼһ£һ֮ˣ
ۣ
³Сûһϲһ
Ӫ³ô꣬ǵһ˵Ҫһˣ
ûУ
ǰûз飬Ҳѽ԰ͷһˣ
˵ؼҵ˷ˣڿ˰
һǲǱŸ˰
٣Ҳһ°ؼҪأ
һǴİɣǼһûǲǸɵȱ
Ĵ峤Ǳ޼ɵţ֮⳰ˡ
ĳֱӶ׽
ʵ˵ĵҲû׵ͷû˵
˵ˣܻʳ˴ܻҵ̫֮⣬˸Ͳ
ôҲû뵽Ȼȡѡһ֮ˣ
ԭһЦ
³СҲЩüȷҪ׵ˣ
³ƹ񣬳⣬ҪʲôҪܰɣ׵Ŀ³Сʵ
ȻǣһǺһ£һεĴȿԺˮǿҪǺˡǲˮҲǺϣİ
³СһεѵʵʲôҲûκεĹϵ
һҲǲһ˿ɻ
˽֮ˣΪʲôҪˣ
з
ЦŵҪô֮ˣҪô֮ˣһǱţ˵ߵġѹһƷʯʱԵõһƷʯ
߷ζŸ߻ر
ǶԺܶ˵һջ󣬵Щֲ֮ɵӣȻ֪߷ռͬڴˮƯ
Ȼ峤ȷЩҲ޻˵ˣ
³С鿴ؾ׵ˣҲʼ
ؾһЦŵ³ƹؼһҲǹѣС
峤ԼǣС鵹ǲǲ֪峤Ҫעأ峤ͳ峤ǿǶλעذ
³С鵭ʵ
仰Եľڴ̼ؾˣֻ֪м˵Լ߲пи߻ر
οҪע֮ǿһ
³С鿴Ǹ³аװʯ
СҲ⣡
³С֪Ȼǳ⣬һʯҲҵ
ؾʵҲ֪Ҫעٲʣֻǽ춪˿Ƕˣ
ȻбЩԥĿ˿ף
ʱ򣬳³Сָͷ




1865´̼ע
 

Ƕ٣Ʒʯ
³С鿴ָͷҲЩɻ
򣿹óƷʯ³ƹ㻹Ǹ߿˰
ĳЦһеֲм֮ɫԱ
ؼóƷʯ
һԵĳ٣ǻп֮ܰǰƭһƷǿǼֵʮƷʯ
ȥҰ˰ʮƷʯΣ
ĳЦһ
³СһĻҲЩˣؼܹóʮƷʯһϢ
ЦŵҲۼۣ³ۣͯ۸г۲̫ĳ·ģ
׵˵ʯ
˻
˶ǵһԱߵؾͮҲסˣ
һԵ褸ĿĿף
ʯҲΪƷʯƷʯƷʯɣ
ƷʯʵҲ൱ٿƷʯѣ
Ȼŷǳˣĳǵ˵лû̫⣡
ǿһ϶˵Ʒʯ
ҪƷʯƷʯҪ˵ʲôʯǹͷ۵İ
ĳЦһ¶һ˿мЦ⣡
³СҲǵͷλӣ˵ʯǡ
򡭡Ʒʯ
׵˵ƷʯûôĹ߳
Ʒʯ
褼ѿڶʵԼĶǲǳʲô⣿
һղžȻ˵ҪóƷʯԼ
ǶԼжĲܹļǮ褸о𾪵ǣһﾹȻӵƷʯ
Ʒʯ
Ʒûˣ֪۸жôĺˣ
һԵؾͮɫǺ죬ֻһ֣Ǿˬ
̫ˬ
ôĹǸо˲ϣܹǴ޾ľϲ
ؼѾǸŴӵ˵ľ޿ҲһЩ
δӿǮˮ
Ʒʯĳʵ̫޴ˣ
˿̣˵оӲ˺ܶ࣡
һԵ³Сʿˮʵ⡭λӣҸղû˵Ʒʯ
ô³ƹ񲻻Ʒʯûмɣ
Ҳ¶һ˿ĳ֮⣬³֮ûκεĺøУ
ʱɵ³һսⲻˣ
ֻȡһϢѣҲûоʲô
ûûУֻ˰³СҲһЦ
ʵƷʯҲûмֻղԤڻûгʮƷʯ
һôƷʯҲһѣ
˵ҲЩˣ
ĳǵһѾЩҪĸоˣôҲû뵽һﾹȻܹóƷʯ
Ʒʯ
ƽ̯ÿҵͷϣǿɶһʲСķð
һʱ䣬峤ЩˣֳĴؾһˬ
ףʵ̫ˬˣ
֮ǰֻǸĻôһĸоǷǳʵˣ
٣ҡô죿
ҵ峤ҲЩΣȻЩ²̨˰
ǼɵȱȻһļһ϶䶨ˣղŵĻѾ˵ˣλ᲻ĳӰɣ
ĳǿ˵ʵ
ҧҧٵĻȻ֧֣ҳһʮƷʯ
ã峤ȻǴĺܣԺپǵֵˣ
ĳ¶һ˿ЦݣһԵҲҧҧʾͬˡ
ÿһʮƷʯǾƷʯ
һԵһ峤٣ǡ˭
ԭЩ߰ѾǲˣǴ˿Ҳ쳣ĵǡ
Ҫ֪һʮƷʯǶǼ˵óɶǷǳʹİ
ֻĴںΪҪ
Ĵһûļ嶼Ȳ˵ĻԺ󴫳ȥǸЦˡ
Ȼĳǵ֮аѳѾ˸飬ҪסԼķȰ
ȻˮˣǿǴȰϲǹھˣ
ĳ΢΢һЦʵþǻƷʯʵջҲûġ
˵ͷĳǵѾǰʯ룬Ȼ󽻸³С飡
Ĵ峤ؾˣҲ¶һ˿֮ɫ
һ̣ǾռϷ˵ģ
ֻ׻ô
ƷʯǲǸθ˶ѣҪ׵Ļǻ




1866ҵԸǲ
 

³һ¥
ĳǵ⣬ղ˵ĻȻҪֵģ
Ʒʯ
ȻоǳʹǾղ
ҪǣΨһĿҪؼð˸ûˣ
ֻǵԤȣʵЩ
ԭΪƷʯܹ㶨ʱȴƷʯЩֲ
ǣ˭
ǿǴǺպĴ峤ؼõĻǼֱžž
ôأ
ĳǱϿǸʵУ
˼СĴ۾壬һʮʯʹؼң
֮ǰûԤƵģȻһʮƷʯȥЩ࣡
ڳһжֵõĲ
һԵؾͮϲûκ˵ʧУ෴ģǵе˷֮飡
һƷʯļҼҲƷʯ
֪ʱĴʵڲʲô֮٣ѡ˳Ĭ
ȻǳĬһȴĬ
˱褣
褵죬ǿǳôܹܵأ
ĳЦһĴ壿ĴǮҲŸոպӮؼңʲôֵø˵أ
ǣǲǰĳһҲŭһ
ЦһôҪֲɣﻹ㣿ҩʹȿɲĴ壡
ҩʹȣֲؼеԭҩʹȵǳ
ĳЦһһĨԥ֮ɫ
ҩʹȵȷһɼΪǿȻʳȴԶ֣
ֲýؼ˵еҩʹȵˣ
ֻҩʹȸǴʳҲ£ҩʹȵˣǻ㾡ҩʹȵǴʳĴԿ
ĳǿǾԲܵ飡
ؾ˵ĳǣǱ̫ˣؼҲδǣһٶؼңǲѣ
ؾĳǲģҽҪÿ㲻ҩʹȳţ𣿼Ȼҩʹȵôţǿ԰ĳǱȥڼӸһƷʯҩʹҲʲô°ɣ
ĳǹһЦ֮еһĨ֮ɫչ¶ţ
ֱţôʯ
ʲȥ˵ﻹмƷʯˣ
򣿣
׷˷ۣĿǹİ
ⲻǵű˿Ц
Ȼ
ȵ˵仰ʱĳǵѾǺȻЦ
Ʒʯҩʹȵ˻ǹİ
ĳЦ֮ǰǺҩʹȵóܶʯĻֻܹҼæˣ
ȻһʮƷʯ˵رĶ࣡
ҲǸоʹˣҪ֪Ƽ壬ܹó߰˰ƷʯΪҲѾǿӽˣ
һʮƷʯȷһӴ֣
ϵһƷʯԭҪڹƷãϾڸƴĿɶƷȸ߶˵Ķ
ֻ;ҲЩƣ
ҲˣӲܶʱȥԼүүһӦû̫⣡
٣ǵҲòʲôʯģҲûбҪ˷ʱˣһ뼸λζԵɫģһݣ
һĳ죬Щ棬Ӧõģ
³СҲǼ֣Ʒʯ⻹ûյƷʯܼƾһǧһƷʯ
ˮնȡ˹ھôҲ׬˼Ʒʯ
Ҷǲģã
ؾ΢΢һЦ峤Ʒʯô֧
ţʱȲ֧ˣ
׿³С鵭˵³Сһ
³С鿴׳λӣĪˣǰɣ
³ƹǵ찡Ȼ۳˶ˣ³ƹ񲻸һЩɫƵĻҶоЩ˵ȥ
ĳʱѡȻǻϽˣ
׿³С³ƹ˵ԸǾǲ䣬Ȼλʲôƨ峤ҪұʯĻȻҲ˰
Ŷλ롭
³Сһ׵Ļ˶켤ˣ
ĪҪսˣ
һܹӴͶĻʱԼȻҲԽ׬Խడ
һͶעһǼֱǰʯ
ЦŵȻ׷Ͷעˣ




1867ȥȱĳ
 

һ¥ڣΪ֮һ
׵Ļһɽһѹ˸оһ޷Ϣ
Ʒʯ
ȻҪ׷ͶעһǲǷˣ
ؾôΪһԵĳǵҲĿɿڴ
ʵЩǸо޷ʵ
³СЩ°͵ĸоȫ콵ư
ʯоϵһ㣡
ֻҲ룬һҪأʵһöʣˣ
ֻڵ³С뵽Լأ
ŵľԼһӮûκĿ԰
³СЩĿʵλӣȷҪ׷Ͷע
һԵĳЦһ׷ͶעӿȥҲ̫׷Ͷעɣ
Ȼô˵ܸоԼƺһƺõ֮У
ֻѾǿûлͷˣ
ʱҲֻܹӲͷƤǰ˭ղŰţ̫أ
Ҫͷ峤ĵλҲѾǲͷˡ
׵˵߰Ʒʯ
ֹӣģ
һҲֱڿʼΪֹˡ
⵹һԵ׸оЩЦʵǿһĳ̶ȣҲǻͷİ
ԱߵؾͮѾӶˣؼΪʢʱҲò߰Ʒʯİ
˼һ־߰Ʒʯֱ̫ˣ
Ѿ֪ʲôˣ
ţ
ֶףΪѾԶԶǵˡ
߰Ʒʯֹȷ
³Сھǰ׵ĿһĹţ˸ʯҪڲúõдһ£ɵˣ
ԭΪ϶겻ˣû뵽ͻȻ˸ڱһӾԼˣ
׿³С鵭˵Ѿ˵ˣ˾ǲ̫䣬ȻˣҪӮҲǲ̫ܣ
ţ
ҪĻļ˿¾Ҳǲܸϵϵ֣
³С鿴Ĵָû뵽ֹǴĺܰڴǼţһλˣ
ȷ
һӳ־߰Ʒʯģǵһμ
һԵĳŭһСӣҪĴԿˣ
ȲңѲɾвˣ鷳ˣҴˣҺö˶˵ߣҪұȵģ
ЦһǻĵԼ˵˵Ҳˣ
ǹǣ
һʼҲûҪǹȥֻһҪ˵ʲôԼȥ
ȻҪȥôʾͺˣ
ܻʲôأ
ĳˣСӣֱߣҿһһͲˣߣ
ܿ죬ĳѾʧ³УǼڻȥҪȨȥˣ
Ĵ屻˿ǻˣ
һ㶣ͦģìѾԼؼҵìˣ
ڵìѾĴǰֵļһìˡ
ôĿǴﵽˣ
ĳǻȥһȥҪʯˣߣúܺã
ʱóôʯ
һٶʯȻȥˣʯֻҪˮܹڵĻ׬أ
ؾǼ͵Űɣһǿûһôĺˣ
ؾֳһ˿Ц
ؾųĺˣؼʧȥĶһƾԼıûģ
ƾ㣿ǸϲүүӦҲ˰ɣȰ㻹ǲҪôˣϽ׼°ɣʱһȥϼһǲǺң
ʹ㣬
ʱؕDĲûкתĻؾͮĻϳĵ
˵ʱ߶Ҳпܵģ
ڲһˣؾүүĲѾǳ׵ĺתˣؼҲǼ˴
ط֮ˣȻһжհˣ
ؾĻظһؼҵ黹ֲǳģһΪǳжıأĴȲǣ˵ʲôأ
㡭ؾ˵һ飿֮ǰǳҶʵ̫ʴ˰һλ֮ؼҾ͵ɣ
Ҳ֪ڶָǲܵ飡
ѲɴʥϻʱɱⲻǸʣµļʳЦ
ԣìܣʱҲΪάҵ϶
׵ѹֻڵȴĳǵ˵ĵ
ʱؾȴһߣʵ֮Ҳһĵǣ
ôʯõó
ҪòĻʱɲǵĴ˰
³УҲǲܵ




1868´̫ӣ岩
 

³ſڣ
һʱʱܿȥˣ׺ؾһ̸Ц
ɫÿȥֻܹȴĳǵ˵ĵ
һ֪ĳŭˣ˵һ£
һĴؼҵʱҲˡ
ڳؼ˵ţȻ޶ˡ
һҵĽŲ洫˹
ĳǵȥһǹʱ򣬵ƺӵһЩ
ĳǼݲ֮ˣ׵ֻǵĿһۣ
Ϊ֮˺ʹͷͦŽüü֮ĺҹеӥһ㣬ȴһ˿ʢˡ
ŵɫķΣֻ֮ŵһͼݵ
岩
ǵʳ̫ӣҲǴʳδĵ۾
ʵϣĳǵԭǻȥҪҼ飬ȴ;˴ʳ̫ӵ£
ĳǵǰ̫ӵ´к֮׼ǰ壡
岩򿴵⼸ɫҴңҲǺס⼸ˣѯԵɣ
ԭ岩򲢲뵽Щ֮УؼҵĸȻ֪ô£
岩һ㣬Щ峤δʳĴҲδҪ۰
ģ
һ岩֪ĵĺʱˣ
ȻˣҲҪ˭ǴʳĵؽϸҸĴа壬ʵЩɻ
ӭ̫ӵ¡
ԭ³еĴ֮Уɵ岩˵ʱҲӭ
һԵ³С鿴岩ʱҲһ㶣
ܿЦӭ̫ӵ¹³У벻
³ƹˣҲ֮峤ǣ﷢һЩ飬Թ
岩ɨһؾͮǣ̺һ˿ζ
ؾͮ岩ǲ岩ͿɱϾڴʳĵϣ
ؾֵμ̫ӵ£
ؾôĵӣȻҶ̫ӵ²
ؾЦһﻹֲ廰ɣ̫ӵ²΢˽ãֻҪ廳⼴ɡ
峤ȻҴʳս֮Ҳʮֵġ塯
岩ü֮һĨŭɫؼһǲԼа
Ĵ峤ԼҲǹġ
û뵽⼸һﾹȻ㣬Ǻ˶ûԼһ£
ţ
岩У˻
̫ӵ£֪³Ϊ°
³С鲢λ̫ӵ£˵òһ㣬Ŀ۳
ĵĿɲʲô̫ӵ߲飬ĵעĽܼܲ߸ߣ
ʵìǿԵģҪ岩˻ȨĻ鵽ʱǲ֮ˣ
³Сɲϣؾ˱岩ŻˣҪĻʧأ
ȻǹЩŰ裬ȻҸҴʳĴƴȻҲÿǵûʵˣ
岩ԭ㿴֣ؼ֮һҪԼһ
Ϊδĵ۾岩Ȼŭѣ
Ȼ֪ؼҵԹӺζҪǴҵĬؼҲܸ
ؼѾӣǾȻҶԼ
岩Ȼһ˿նݳ˼ɲϣôһڱ
׿岩һĨɫ
һҪԼŮˣ
ԭΪ϶Ҫȵһλпܼһ
û뵽ȴ֮е̫ӵ£
һ̣һᵽԩ·խĸֵ֮⣡
˳ϲ۰
³С鵭˵³п⣬̫ӵ²ǲ³пŰɣ
岩һ㶣ܿ³С˼
ȷԼڳв֮ԣʱʧĿ³У
Ȼ³ڴʳľڣôأ
˼Ǳó۳ǿĴ۳֮ΪǿƵһ۳
ʳһ۳Ļʳѣ֮ĲνǸǵ蹵
³ƹ᱾˼ˣȻ³УȻҪͶע
岩һ³С飬Ҳ¶һ˿ǳЦԼΣ
³С֮Ҳ΢΢һЦ̫ӵǰΪͶעôСȻǻӭѰ
ؾͮǿף֮еĵѾ¶ˣ
֮ǰ׿˵˴ˮİȻҪˮ⣬Ҫ̫ӵһأ
ǰ棬ؾͮҲһԸ񣬿½鲻˰
ǣҵҪû˵ͶĶࣿ
岩򵭵ĳؾ˵ķһۣһֱûн׷У




1869治𣬿Բ棡
 

©
岩Ļ׵棬һν̵˱Լ
ĴĲƸȻܶ࣬ɸʳȣǻǲ˲ֹһˣ
岩ܹ˵ⷬȻĵģ
Ϊδʳĵ۾Ļȷǰޱߣ
³СһĻȻüͷȴ쳣ĸ˰
ֱԼǮ˰
ϣ־ԽԽҲźãֵĲҪˣ
ֻҲֿ֪Բ
ĲҪˣǿ²Ҹ岩ȥˡ
ղŲЩ˵𣿹ǵҪô䷨
ٺ٣Ҹ̫ӵ±ȣҲվӡ
ǣ̫ӵӵ£һССؼҲܸ̫ӵ±ȣ
ҿǹԹԵĹȽϵĺʰɣ
Ĵ峤һһ䣬ǵʮ㰡
ĳԼҲû뵽;оȻ岩򣬲Ǽĺܣ
ոĴܼƻƷʯҪ岩Ļ¼ǻȥܹʯҲ̫ˡ
岩ǾͲһˣǵ֮мΪǾؼҸҸҽа壡
ֻ̫ˣ
һСС岩׸УǴʳĵ۾٣أ
ԭһιûдܹ飡
ֻǽĻǰˣ˶ѣ
ֹӣҡҿǻȻȥɣ
ͮһǳ׵ĺˣʳͻȻǲ֮٣
ؾҲǵֹӣǿѹͷߣ岩Ǵδĵ۾ɵйĴڡ
һԵ褴˿ƺҲЩоԲˣ
ղó൱İ岩⻹ôأ
ǿǴʳ̫Ӱ
Ȼǵ۾һĵ۾
һĵ۾ôܹһʳ̫ӵᲢأ
褲ײǽҲͷˣ
Ҳǵ׵úǰûбҪΪǹȥҪȻҿǻȥӳɣ
΢΢һЦȥǺǣȻˣΪʲôҪȥ
ǡ
ؾЩˣȥʱûа취ճ˰
װڰֵûʲôǵģΪһˣ˵ȥĻóȥˮȻ˵ҪֵףǱǼֵס˭Ӯ˭˵Ϊʱɣ
֣
岩ףһע⵽һ
ԭΪؾ֮ˣû뵽֮˾ȻһԵȥΪ۵ļһ
岩͸һɷâ׾ȻҪԼа壬ҲһЩ飡
ʳû˸ҵԼа壡
ʳΪλӣӦòǴʳˡ
˭ҸԼ˵ţ
̫ӵ£ղһѾе߰Ʒʯǡ
ĳʱһ岩Ӧýмˣ
ǷǳϣܹĿ׵ɵ۵ӣ̫ӵ¶ʸ
߰ƷʯǺǣҵ׻ͦʲô֣
岩һ߸ϵӿףѿһ˿ȵ
׵˵ף
ʲôף
岩û˵һԵ³СѾǵɴ۾ף
һղע˾ͽףѲԼ
Ļôôأ
ô˭涨Լ𣿡׿³С鵭ʵ
ûûУֻû뵽ֹӾȻҲǲμλˣǡ
³СЩľλǴ඼оġ
ʮϲǵоΧ֮ڣôҲû뵽һļһﾹȻӵ˶Ʒʯ
߰Ʒʯǵʲôļܹõó
³СЩϰ£оһ˿˿Ĳ־Լ죡
岩ߣԭǹμλģһһ治֪Լ
˭ƺûκεĹϵɣЦһ
岩һҵȻûйϵҵǺ棬ܻʳʲôʱôǮˣ
Ժͻ֪ˣǵص㲻
׿岩򵭵˵ȻսˣԲһЦ뿪ģ
ãǱñ㵽жͣ˰Ʒʯ
岩ףдһĨ֮ɫ
ȫȻ׷УΪһͲԼĶ֣
׿岩΢΢һЦ˰һƷʯ
豾
岩ŭˣһŭˣ
û뵽һĵӾȻôȻֻһƷʯ
Цһ治𣬿Բ棡




1870ǧƷʯ
 

³еĴڣ
׿岩͸ŵһɷƵ
ֻƵӣ˭ҲóһǰĴ̫ӣ
³Сиʦ˾κˣ
Ҫ֪ܻʳʲôʱ
һ֮ԿʳĲδŵ鰡
³ڴܻʳûзֵ꣬û˵һֵļʲôģ
³С˿ҲܲôˣѾһֻܹչȥˣ
׵ʲôܻʲôģֻеԺ˵ˣ
³СȻ׵һĶˣʱ³ܲǱҲܹԼģ
ֲԼģʳôеʶ࣡
Ȼˣ³СҲ֪һﲻڵĲΣ
ҪڼûκοԵģ
³С鿴岩򵭵˵̫ӵº붯ŭǶһʯҲǱ̫ӵ¶ˣ
岩³С龹ȻվߣҲ³ƹǺ⣿
ҵ˼ǣ̫ӵ¿۸
³СŵľʯԽԽãҲû̫Ĺϵ
ⶼԼҵ
ΣͲܹˣ
岩˷ۣ֪³СʲôҲûκεİ취
Ͼ³ﲻ𰡣˵ˣ³ҲֻǵҪ׬һЩʯ
³Сãұ³ƹӣŰƷʯ
ŰһƷʯ
׵˵ֻ۸һһԵĳǵѾʿˮ
һﵽжٵʯ
ĳǵҲЩԲ׼ˣһԵĳŭ
ؼһǹ˰Ȼܹʶһӵ˶ʯ֮ˣ
һǧ򣡡
岩û뵽ԼȻһѲĶ֣
ƽʱĻ϶ֱɱһˣ
ܣ˻Ǵܻʳμλļһ
Ӳôˣ
һôˣǴʳܻʳһ߲Ҳˣʱս±ⲻˣ
Ϊʳδĵ۾֪ǲܵģ
һǧƷʯ
׿岩Ȼ˵һԵؾѾǱ˵ָ𾪵Щľˣ
һԵ褿׵ֹӣ˰õóôʯ𣿡
ߣҪòĻ¾ͲҪ߳³ˣ岩
³Сͷ³Ҳˣģ
ЦһõóòⲻҪĵ飬ǺۣǱ
岩˿֮ҲǴһ˿ķŭ׳һǧ򣡡
һǧ˰򣡡
׷ҲνЩʯ۳Լ򵥣
Լھٶ࣬ʱ۵Ĳ۳ѣ
³нô꣬ʮƷʯ˵Ҳʲô£
ֻǿµʱҪһӵˡ
岩û뵽һﾹȻôšͣ˵ʵڲ̫Ӷѡ
ĿǰԵʯҲǧƷʯѣ
ǧƷʯһ˵ǾһˣһѾǽ۸̫ߵһǧ˰
ĶͷϾȻһ˿ϸϸĺ飬Щײ
̫ӵ£˵ĻʱΪʳЦ
ǧƷʯ
岩дâ˿ЩϣǸһͣסмˣ
岩ʱôأ
岩򵭵һЦǧƷʯ
̫ӵ£ۡǾͿһﵽܲóôʯҿò
ĳһ岩ӣ֪岩ҲЩԲˣ
Ͼ岩򲻹̫ӣʳÿĿô
ɹҿʯʵҲǷǳĶ࣬ϾҪάһҵת
ĳ֪ȥʱ̫ӵһŭ֮½Լ
³С鵭Ŀ岩΢΢һЦ̫ӵ²мˣ
岩³С³ƹ񣬱ҪһǲõóǧƷʯòȻҪѪ岽֮ڣ
λõóأ
³Сһƣ˼õóǧͲˣ
岩΢΢һЦҵδޣӮȻģǧƷʯȻһֲٵķϣ
³СһЦã̫ӵ¹ȻһǴ
岩һҪʯǼٵģǼٵģˣ
ؾͮΪĽţ
ǧƷʯǶٵǮ
ⱲҲûмô࣡
׸Ū̫ӵ¶²̨ʳҲǾ޽еˡ
ֻǵģһòĻ½ľ߲ȥˣ
׿һ³С鵭˵³ƹ¥һ𣡡




1871¼³ƹ
 

³СЩĿף
һﺰԼ¥һʲô˼ѲһòôʯҪߺŲɣ
Ҳֻܹóôʯ岩ܹó
ǧƷʯ
Ҫ֪³һӪҲô࣡
³СһòĻҪһҪ˵
岩һ¥һ𣿹ģã
ǣò͵ҴǵĳǷץǰɣҸϷˣ̫ӵ£Ǿ
һҲ
Ȼ˾һòôʯ˵³С¥һʱǸӵƶòôʯġ
Ťͷһһ˵õóòʱ³ƹȻǵģ
ãҪõóǼٵõó
岩ʵҲһܻʳhԺѧôõóôʯأ
õóĻʱ˱ȻҪµģ
õóòҪ߳ǻǲˡ
ֻȵλһʱŪʲô
һﻹҪӹԼָɽǲܵ飡
³С鿴岩ȻֹȻӦˣ̫ӵ԰ǣ
岩һϣһﲻҪʧ
׿˿岩°ܽ£ʧ˲ң㣡
󵨣
ĳŭһҪ׼֣
ʵ˶ǿóһﲻӶѣ
Ҳﵽʲôط³Ұĵط
һԵؾͮ褣϶ǹ˵֮ɫ
Ҳ׸ղֻΪҪӶòĻһԸͷˣ
岩ǻʲô·
褻һЩϾиҩʹȵݣؾͮӶˡ
Ϸˣ̫ӣĳĴﰡ
ֻǿһȻ飬ټŴεĴ漣Ҳһ˿˿ڴ
³еĶ¥
³Сһ䣬󷨸ģ˵˿
ÿһ涼ĳϾܶණǷǳ˽ܵģ
ÿΪ˱֤ͻ˽Ҳĵ̸
ֹӣó˰ɣʵֹûбҪӣϾֻҪóˣҲûκεİ취
³С鵭˵ʵҲһò
ǲ֪ΪʲôڶһҲһЩȤ
һܻʳˣȻڴʳĻʳƵ̫ӣͳһ³СԼоЩ֪ߵغļһˡ
׿³С΢΢һЦʯһһӻûô࣡
ֹӣ㲻Ϸˣ̫ӣϷˣ³УӦ֪ôذɣ
³СƺûκεĳԾоԼ֪𰸣
˿ҲԵЩбһɱ
׿³С΢΢һ̾³ƹ˰ⷭȷ黹죬뵽ǣӮˣ³л᲻ᵱڷ
ߣʯò˵ЩÿЦ³нô꣬ʮƷʯǻˣ
³СЦһʵ֣õҲЩսľ
ʮƷʯ
³˵ȻõóҲΪʹ
ϾɲһСĿˣΪҲòó
ɽ磬ôУ
һ鴫ȥĻʱ³лҪҪˣ
׺ٺһЦ³ƹôЦ𣬻ֱĺܰˣԹȻòôʯҿ
³Сʵ
ݣ
³С֮ʣһƷѾ˵ĸǰϵţ
࣡
³Сĺ֮зһ󹾹Ҳһ
ಣ
ܿ죬һƷɽѾǳ³СУΪרҵļʦ֮кܿųһľ⣡
ɵƷҵιԹԣû뵽ֹӾȻôĴ
³СȻüɻ󣬿Ҳ̲ס̾
׺ٺһЦ˶ѣõĳλɻǿߵûУƷмʮѵģҲǰ׼ģóҲóˣ
˵ںĻȴ³Сˣ
ΨһĿҲǵõʲôأ֤ʵ뷨Ҳǲڻˣ
ֻ³С֮е֮ɫԱ
ôƷȷһʲƵĲƸ
׿³СЦŵ³ƹôӦù˰ɣղֻǲñ֪ҵõص飡
϶ˣ˵ֹΪҪҵ¥һԭ˰
³СҲǼĵͷһ֮󣬱㳯·˹ȥ




1872¶˶˵̫ӵ
 

һ㣡
岩ߣϾЩһֱ۸˵ˣ˸һ
϶ǲģرԸտ϶ûκεĺ³
ֻһڣǻһû̫İ취
̫ӵ£ǼһԲõóģĳǧƷʯĴҲͲ
ǰ̫ӵ£ҿһǳ̫ӵ£ĪǴܻʳΪ֮
Ҳ˵һﵹǺܿˮ
岩ЦһòǣܻʳҴʳưոݣ
ߣ̫ӵ£ؼҸܻʳ岻ҿһʲôè壡
岩Ŀһؾ峤ϣһλ֮ؼܹǴһ
̫ӵ»˵Цˣ鱾ɳҪìתƶѡؼҴûƹκˣĴѹؼңѲ̫ӵôǲ̫ԵһЩ
ؾôʱ䣬һǱˣ
Ҳ͵ˣؼϾͻټǰʱΣҲܸʳˣ
ؼһֱԴʳĹȴ˵۾һŮ˵ϣ
Щɱ̾
Щ˶ֻ֪һֱղĲ˵ѣ
Ѿľ棬˵벻˵ʲôأ
ؾôʱ䣬һӲ̫ӣҲǸоһˬ죡
岩Ц˼ؼҹȻǰҪһλ֮ؼһܹܲű˵ⷬ
ƣ
岩о챻˸Щ²̨ˣ
ԭǸܻʳСԼһû̫İ취
û뵽ؼҾȻҲˣֱö
̫ӵ£ҳԸǣؼң
ĳһĻ֪һ⣡
̵ҲԸ⣡
һԻ峤ҲѧȻǻûзӦ⵽ô£
ʵһǷǳģеĲؼң
ڵؼѾûݵϻж
еؼǸףһȻܹǧƷʯĸ߼ۣһû
֮ǰĳһֱǹ۲ףһͷβǷǳĵ
ʵЩȷһһصҲ˵أ
Ȼ˵Ļʱؼң˳ץסһַһ
岩򵭵˵ˣ鱾аţȿǸһﵽôˣ
岩ܹΪδĵ۾ӿɲô׾ģ
ĳǵ˵˼΢һ۲֪ˣ
ҲڵǸһﵽܲóǧƷʯóôʯġ
Ǵ¿ˣ
һܻʳˣܹóôƷʯ˵ûè˭ֻأ
ȫǽ׵һ׵ĸһ㣡
ʱ³С˵Цĳķ
³Сı飬岩ɫ
³С³ƹһ
̫ӵ£ǧѺעܲ˰λֹӻóǧƷʯ̾Ϊֹ
³С˿ΪļоԼǰ׼ôƷһ
ǱϹϾó³еĳף
Ժκһ³еķֺţܳĴ
Ҫ֪ǿкܶģ
һѳǧ򼶱ƷʯܹӵеĳȻʲô˶ܹõġ
óˣ
岩һ׾ȻóǧƷʯҲסˣ
ܿɫֱ˦ԼĳȻݸ³Сǧ򣬸ǣ
˵ֱ꣬ˤŶ
岩оԼһĻż峤һ˭Ҳܶһλ֮󣬱ȻҪʬΣ
ǣ̫ӵ£
岩ĻҲһƣ
ôһͱ̫ӵ¸ˣôܹأ
ûа취˭鱻̫ӵ֪أ
岩˷ȥؾͮҲһֳƿ죬һǸобˬ
ֹӣǲƴְ
褴˿̿ף˵ҲЩˣ
һʼĿ𣬵ڵоԼ첻ʶˣ
һﻹذ
˿̵褶׾Ȼһ˿˿Ȥֻ׶û̫Ȥѣ
Ҳû߹ͣ³еƾ֤֮뿪ߣ
λˣǷǳڴ




1873𾪵峤
 

ʳؼң
׵˻ʱѾǰʮ֣ؾԼ褼֣
ǻһ˷ܵ״̬
ؕDͥԺںŨҷɲ裬ĵǿģ
׵˻ˣؕDҲǶ΢΢һЦֹӻˣǵпİɡ
ӵͷţԺɵĻ¸ˣ
ƺЩᣬ֪ؼҴȥҲ֪Ǹǻ
Ǹоһα̫֮Ĳͬ
ؕD΢΢һЦ޷ˣԺǴ׼ҩʹҲ̫Զ
⵹Ҳǰ΢΢һЦȻǵô˷ܣĪʲô£ǹȥ
ؕD΢΢ͷǺǣþûпô˷ˣҲã
˿첽׵ķ˹ȥ
׿ؕD˹Ҳ¶һ˿Цݵλ̸ǻİ
ֹӵĸ໹ܹ߸Ȳ裬Ǻǣ
ؕD˿̵ǷǳϧʵҲ֪ӶѾˣܹ͵Ǽһˡ
װڰֵһнԵ
ӿƲס˷ܣҲЦŵ褶ôʲô
Щ̲ס˵үүȥ̫ˬˣⱲӻûôˬ̫ˣ
Ŷ⵹ˣ֮ǰɲ˵ֹӵģ
ҲЩ֣ԼŮ̫ˡ
ֻҪ϶飬ʮͷ¶֣ͻȻ֮׸ı̬ȣ⵹ϡˣ
ӿ褺һؾ˵ӣΪɻ
ؾһЦʥʵ̫ˣүүүүǲ֪ؼҺʥϿǳ˰
ˣ
ؕDЩɻĿؾʵһҲЦ
ʵ׿鵹ûʲôֵҫģȻ˵˵ˡ
ؼҵ֪һЩԼʵԺ£ǵҲзǳĺôġ
ҲЦŵ˵ǼСѧǰɣ
ؾЦŵҰǸʥȥ³ͶעˣһͶ˺ܶʯأ
ǺǣôҲĴ峤ھįˣҲΪʯɣ
ӿؾҲЦ
ؾǲΪ̫ʱûпʯˣ
ô
һԵ褵ǿɲ֪һǲ˴ʳĴˣ˲ҪĻ˴ʳ̫ӣӮˣ
ʲô̫ӵ¾Ȼˣ
ؕDҲһû뵽Ȼᷢչһز
ѲǸ̫ӵ·ʲôͻ
ؕDһ֮ˣʱ̫ӵµĻʱؼҪǿ¶ˣ
ؾġ
˵֮꣬ǰ˵һ飬м滹˷֮ɫ
ʲô̫ӵƴʯʥʥӮˣ
ؕDؾ˵Ļ׵ˣ˿֮г˾֮У
һԵҲĿɿڴĿʵʥϣһóǧƷʯ㡭ôʯ
ӲûмˣǧƷʯǶһɻʾǿ˵Ҳһˡ
οײһĵ۾ѣôһóôʯأ
о˼ǣ׾ȻĸӲ岩
ԭһֱΪ˵ģ⾹ȻģѲһҪڴʳ鲻ɣ
ĻؼҿҪְ֮
׿һЦŵͲҪʯˣٶʯҲ𣬲ؼҲʱ׼׼ˡ
ʥϵ˼ǡ
ؕDһ׵ʵ
ЦŵǴ̫֮䣬Ѿǲתˣŵȵһελ֮󣬿¸
ʥϵ˼ʱҪ׼ǨƣؕDʵ
΢΢ҡͷֻҪкҪߵ˼ɣʱؼҴˣʱа취ǳǣ
ɡؼ¿źܶ˵İؕD֪׵Ҫʲô취
װڰֵʱȻа취ֻҪʱУ
ǣʥϣ
ؕDлһĨ֮ɫһ뵽׾ȻӵôʯҲ쳣˷ܣ
ԴɽɵĻ
ֻҪӵ㹻ԴҪһǿɹҲʲô£
һҹ̸˽û˯⣡
ڶһ磬ĿλҪڴʳһ䳡ʼˣ
׵ҲѾǳ䳡ķˡ




1874´ʳǱ
 

ǣ㳡
㳡ѧԺ࣬ԭѧԺӵе䳡
ֻΪҪٰλʱԵ˺ܶĿ̨
ϾλΪһʢǿӵӵõġ
ʳĿǰΨһչֳԼʵģ¾λˡ
һλĿ
Ҫ֪֮ǰλܹۼ۾
һΣʳĵ۾ͬʱԸһελ˺ܶŨصɫˣ
ʵϣŸϵĲϽţÿһελƺΪ˽ìܵһط
ྲ
һ϶ӵϢ뻺Ĵ˳
ԭӵȺ֮У˲䰲
ģһӰԶ䳡м˹һɫмŰ׻ͼԵ÷ǳ
˲ǱˣǴʳһ֮֮ϵة꣡
겻Ǵʳة࣬ԺԺʳ֮У˻֮⣬νǵһˣ
Ϊλ֣
ɼʳһλӳ̶ȵжˣ
˵ĿⶼǼ˸ϣǶڵȴŸһλĿʼ
ʳ۾
겢δȽҪļ˸
һδʳٰλصʳĵ۾ƺҪԼĹһ㣡
һ޴ĸ̨֮ϣΣȥޱȣ
γֳ˻֮ƣֲ˭˭ͣ
һģǴܻʳĵ۾֣
𺳣һη֮飡
ʳ۾Ȼǲͬ죡
ܿ죬ʳĵ۾ҲѾˣǴʳĵ۾һǳ
Ϊʳĵ۾ǱĳһƬɽХ
꣡
ܿ죬´һƬ˶Ǳ߹ӭҲһЩȴΪ
һͲǴʳ֮ˣǵļ˿ȥҲǱȽϵͻأ
ƽ
ǱĿ⳯濴ȥһɵ֮ð˳
ʥϣλڽʽʼȿ
ڻǽøǱǱ΢΢ͷҲһ
֮ģĪ⣡
֪Ȼһ֮֮ϵة࣬һȴλ۾ġ
ȻܸȻҲܹջأκСĽ
黢
ô򵥵ĵ֪ܲأ
ǱվεĸǰΧļλ۾Ҳ΢΢һЦλѣ֮ǰǻϹأ
۾ҲǵͷȻϹأǴʳٰ죬Ӧֵʳ˰ɣ
λѣޱȴ֮ˣ
ǱƺѾ׼ˣνϹأʵҲ֪ġ
λЩ۾УǲһϷѣ
ֻǽһϷһֵĳضѣ
Ϲأ
ʵϾλʼ֮ǰڵʳóԵĶע
ǰ˺ܶ࣬ҩȵȶǿԵģ
һЩӱĲõĶֻ⼸ǱȽϳĶѣ
ʳһΪ췽ʵҲһ淨ƶߣ
ֻƶߣʱʲôĶÿ۾ö
Ȼ
˵ͷȴһ˼ӣ
ΪעȴЩֵˣÿһλ˿ھ˭֮⣬Ҫľǿʳ֮óĶעˡ
ʥϡ
Ǳƺżһ۴ܻʳĵ۾֣¶һ˿ЦЦı飡
ֵĿһǱʳаٷ֮ʮϵĹܻʳ
ԭͬˮ
ֻһ߲ûбƿѣ
ֿǱȻһЦʥϣʱƺӦýްɣ
ǣԭ޵ǲȴ֪һ飡
Ǳɫһֳ
һ㶣ǱͻȻ֮䷢ѣʲô˼
Ѳ뵱۾棬ҪԼֲɣ
ĻɲԴУһʳ׼ʮֵĳ֣
£ޱ˵
޵̫岩³һλԴhԺѡֵƣ֪ʥ϶Դθ밡
Ǳдһ˿Ҳûʲôɱ
һ̣˭Ҳ֪Ǳ«浽ʲôҩ
Цһǣʥϻǻ˵ЦhԺѡղδţֺ̫һ˵
Ǳ˵Ǹ˺ף




1875¼ˮ
 

ף
һܶ˶һͷˮ
˹עĶȻǸһ֮ˣ
ĸϾעϾܶ˶ע˵ģȻϣܹӮһЩСǮǮ
׻Ϊսˣúܶ˶Ҫһ˵˭
̨·ĳط
ԭһƽģ·ӽһʯͷһ㣬˲
һԵȻYǼѣ
Ǻܿͳķ˹ȥļλѡЩƣ
Ͼ׵ͷֻ˵񱻴ʳĵ۾⻹벻
ֻĳ²ʲô£
Ժˣûû
YĿҲ̫
һԵȻҲǼǰûӦþȺ֮У̫˰
Ҳ΢΢ͷףҵȿɽ֮УһûȷǺ°ֻǡ
ǰԺˣʥϻ¾û뵽һξȻ˴ʳ̫ӣһʳĵ۾ڵǽӦô죿
ȻҲüͷ˵ȻµǷǳġ
һԵYЦһ̫ôˣѲֻ۸ǴܵˣǴܵ˾Ͳܷˣʳĵ۾ǽ鰡
Բô򵥣ǻǾɣҪģȻˣ϶ߵģ
ƶ˵ͽ£
һ뵽һĿģҲһͷ
͵֪ˣʱһҪǳʲôĻҲûа취ȥæ
ϾһССīhԺԺԺЩ۾ĸǰֵһᣡ
ڴʳԺһߣ
һŮʳ۾˵֮ҲЩʧΣ
ʦ㣬ôˣ
ͮˮȻ֪Ҫʲôû뵽ˮ׵֮󣬾Ȼ˶ݵʧ
ͮʦãûʲô
ˮһͮҲ΢΢ֵıѾǳ
ͮһˮʦƺ׸Ȥ
ˮĿбһͮ˵˵ˣûʲô
ֻǴ˿̵ˮ֮ѾǼ֣֮ǰһֱûйע飡
ֱһ һλ߽λø֮вһ˿Ĳ
ף
һ־Ȼߣˮ񲢲׾Լķ
Ϊ׵ʵҪԼĻҲʵôɣ
ɽ粻ͬ磡
磬ױ죬һ֮֮ϵף
ɽȴһˮϣ׿ҵԼȴϣ
ˮһ֪ԵŮˣûֲһеĳ嶯
Ϊĳ嶯ẦԼẦף
ûоԵʵ֮ǰϣľĪ嶯ҲΪģ
ˮĿǰ뷨ҲϣײҪ
ԼҪҵ˵Ļϣȵӵ㹻ʵڹ
Ͼʵ̫ˣʳǿʵǿĻʳɹ
ˮ˵ݣû㹻ʵԿʳ
ͮһˮʦ㣬мҲ֪
ͮЩ֣һҪ㵽Ҫ˵Щʲô
ˮͮоͮһĹŹ֣
֪һеô£ͮĻҲʶ˵
ͮʦ㣬ҡʶǸףҲᵽ㣡
㡭ʶʲôˮһ㶣漴ʵ
ͮ˵оͨȴܰ˵Ҫߣҡ

ˮĨһ˿֮ɫּȻϲֵǵɫͮҲһĲ죡
ͮˮ񾪿ֵ˵ʦ㣬Ҳʶֹӣ
ôʶģˮδشͮ⣬ǵʵ
ͮٵĽ˵һ飬ȻҿԿóֹΪʦֻҲ֪Ϊʲôġ
Ǻǣ㵱ȻҲ
ˮͮдһ˿ᶨ
ʦ㣬ɱɵ
ͮɴ۾ˮһʱҲ֪Ӧ˵Щʲôˣ
ˮͮͮʦã㲻ùˣȻˣóֵҲûа취赲֪Ը񣡡
ˮ֮иһ˿Σ֪׼ȻˣԲ˰벽ģ
֪ײһ׼ûУֵֻܹסʳĳˮ
ˮȷҲȥ룡
ΨһεľǣܹƽĶȹһεΣ
˿̨̣֮ϵôĶţ֮ƺ֪Щʲô
ףǣȷҴܻʳѡ֣˵Ѿɽħ֣֮׿ڣ
ɨһȦˣ˿̵׻ĳ䳡ķ˹ȥ
ܶ˲ȻѾÿһ·ֻ֮𡭡




1876VSǱ
 

ףǣȷҴܻʳhԺɳѧԱ
̨֮ϣֿǱ˵
׵Ҳ˵һ£Сһ֮hԺɽԺ
ǱhԺĸԺμһελ
ֻʵƺô
û뵽СӾȻҵӲʳ̫ӣ⵹Ǹ
ֵһ˿֮⣬˵Ǹ˲Ű
һһܹȻ뿪ʳصܻʳĻԺȻҪܵõѡ
ǱЦһϾͺãȼ£
ߣʥϻؿ㣬һССѡ֣Ҳֵôʥ˵ʦڣ
ֻЩ֣Ǳ컹Щ
Ҫ£Ҳ˵ȼĻˡ
Ǳһελ֮󣬴£޲֮зˣ
ʥϣҪѺҴܻʳѡˣð˴̫ӵģ
Ҳվ߸Ǳ
ӣ
ֵ̬ҲҪ飬Ҫ֪ЩѡڴʳǴŵıǴܻʳ棡
ǱѺʱ򴫳ȥ˵ܻʳƾʳˣ
ֻһ򵥵ĿѺѡֵ飡
һ߶ȵĻǾǹ裡
ȻҪʸף׵ʲô飬ҲŹһ
ϾڴʳڶˣǶıܻʳˣ
ߣȵ˵
ǱƺԸἰ£Ҳû뵽ֵ̬ȾȻôľ
һСӣԭΪֻԼһӣ
û뵽һﾹȻɰʵף
˵ʱ˵Ŀ¾Ǵʳˡ
һǱĻǾЩè壬ЦһȻʥϲԸ˵ޱ׳ʺˣ׺ڣ
ɨһȦˣ˿̵׻ĳ䳡ķ˹ȥ
ܶ˲ȻѾÿһ·ֻ֮𡭡
СӵͦʰȻƴʳ̫ӵ£֪ôİ
ҿ϶дܻʳڱ֧֣һôأ
ǰҿҲˣܻʳʵʳֻܹʹЩˣ
ôСӿ³ΪɹƷ˰
һ˷׵ƣ֪һжΪأ
׳滺˹ȥ
ˮһۿ֮˸žӨ͸⣡
ɽǧ꣬İһεĳɽ磡
ȻһΣ֮УȴԼ˳ģ
ôţôĵȻô
һ̣ˮƺЩˣ
ߣΨһĿľԼһ̣оԼɽΪҸŮˣ
ˮҪ׵ΧûĽã֪Լ׵һҵŮأ
ף
ֿЩƽȴ浭ӣҲüͷʵ
һԵǱЦһʥװĿ񰡣һ֪ܲɡ
˵޻׾ӣƾܹǴ̫ӵ£
㡭
Ǳ֮͸һŭ⣬ȷҪѹһ´ܻʳ
Щܻʳʳ֮䣬Ħϣ
ǱһλɹìܣȻһҩ
ֻû뵽־Ȼһˣ
Ȼŭգȴʲôûзһ
ֿ㣬ƴ̫ӵµģ֪ݣ
ǺǣȻ֪ҵݣ˲Ҳˣֻ̫³иұƴʯˣô̸ܹأ
׵ҲҲΪ˷ֹ³ˣ
˵棬Ȼеķʸˣ
ߣΪ޻ôô̫ôʯأ
Ҳˣû뵽Ȼ飡
ߣ֮һŰ֮Ҳȼհ
ʳ̫ʯԼܻʳĳ˵ĻǲԼ˵ѾǶˣ
ֵõ˵£
ǱȻ˵Ҫ˵ĻǰʯͷԼĽˡ
ЦһѲɴԩҲɣǷйۣ³ɽʮ֮һȻΪҵɽֹ֮³ƹһף
³Сվ棬ĹھȻȤŨˣϾһǷǳģ
ֻҲû뵽黹ûпʼֵ˵ķз
ֱӵյĺԼ³СҲ΢΢һ̾һﻹǰԼϿ
װ³иһǲԺ³Ҳûа취ˣ
ֹӣݰ
³С鿴ףֿ˿һԵǱˣҲεʼ磡
˿̣ǱɫѾ˼㣡
һﻹȻ³и˳
ǱǲҲ³СӣȻΪʳĵ۾




1877ε³ƹ
 

ƣ
׵ĳνλһֻ𱬵Ϣ
ʳɹγ˶ŵľ棬ĵﲻǱˣǸ׵ˡ
һĹʵԣ
ȻֱƹֺǱ۾ǣ˱ǿ³У
³Сɱøίߣ
ûа취⻹ȥ
³С䳡룬ԭλĻ䣬Ūӣ
ǱѾЩڲˣ
֪Ӧð²źãֻΪо׵ļһЩͬѰ
Ѱ֮ôóôʯأ
ǧƷʯ
Ǳһ֣ɾĴΪǿңʲҲˣ
ܹõóʯҲֻһǧң
СһӾóǧ򣬶һ㶼ȻһϿ϶ʲôܣ
ҲΪʲôǱڷѵһԭϣ˻Ὣ£벻ջҲ˵ء
ֻôҲû뵽һﾹȻһľ
ôʳ۾棬Ȼ³Сţ
һѾЩʧˣ
³С鳯żλ۾ֵλʳĵ۾³С飬³дʳܸˣ
³ƹˣ˴ܻʳ۾³ƹҲҪ鵽ô£ǲҴܻʳ֮ð˴̫ӵ£
˵онڣ³СҲǲ
ûΪ³С۳ˣūʮ㣡
Ǳһ³С³ƹ񣬴ϣܹʵ˵
ʱǱ廰ĿѾǲԶˣ
³Сôܹ֪Ǳ뷨أ
ȴԼ뷨ڳ֮У˴ҵ֮⣬ܶ˶ͨߣ
ЩʵͬһЩߣ³ĵ飡
΢΢һЦȻȻʥʵ˵Ȼʥϵˡġ
³С黹ʵ˵һ飬ֻθǧƷʯһ

³СѾһƬ
ǱƺЩҲסˣ³С黹һӶԼ
ȴһûκεİ취
ԭô°̫Ӹ˱ʯˣ˴۾
զأһΪʲôأһôʯ
ȥһԼİȻԼǧӮùھ󰡣
ھЩͷˣһӮ˹ھ³пµÿϹ˫۰
һ۷׷ף˿ѾǳΪ˹עĽ㣡
ܶ˿׵ѾǱˣ
һܹóǧʯļһ˵˼һӾͻ
ЩѾǶĲ²ʳΪ׵ʯȵһˣ
˵ʲôĶУһʱ䳡ƺЩʧص״̬
ֿǱЦһǺǣҴܻʳʳǱǿͣǴʳǵۿͰ̫ӵ¾ȻǴССѧԱ㣬Ҳǿˣ
֣һƣôıƴأǱһ
֮ǰʲôìܣ¾ͲǺˣ
³СҲܹǱˣģ˵ʵ˵Ϊģ
Щ˵ģЩҲ˵Լ֪֪
һ·ҲڰԼϣ
˵տƾȻǴʳô˵ˣҴܻʳ֮ˣȻҴܻʳģǷ˴ȻҴܻʳͲδʥϷˣ
úúã֣ǲˣ
Ǳ˿Ҳɫһ䣬֮Ĩһ˿ɱ⣡
ֵĿӭȥִҲ磬Ҳ㣡
˵λһοʳλӣȻìܣȻˣ
һλ۾棬Ҳǳ
ʳʹܻʳ֮һֱǼңҲεĺܣ
ɲΪ˽ҼëƤ飬λص㰡
ǱһȻ˵ĻޱһλĹأ
룡
ҲһƣǸֶ֮ǰѾûκεĺɫˣ
ĵһϲǸ׵СӵһصĶ󰡣
ֻǽ飬ѾԶԶĳ̫˵Ԥˡ
ֿǱ˸ҲЩǣ
һ֮ǰôһҲ֪׻᲻ʲô۶Ӱ
ϾһаϵĻʳͬ⣬ôµϹأͻʵ
һûаܹһεĹھ
ȻԼĶӻЩĵģ




1878¶ԳƱ
 

Ժ䳡ĸ̨֮ϣ
ʳ۾ǱĿ͸һɺ⣬ɨһȦˣ
ԭһƬ֮䳡ڣ˲ð
һŭʬ
ЩȻеĵղŴʳôˣǱܺõʲôطȥ
񿴵Ǳŭ˶һֺζ
ǱΧ۾˿˵һελҴʳԸó߾ĴǳΪע
Ĵǳأ
ֵ͸һɾ⣬һ˵ʳ֮ȻҲԹΪע
һóĴǳҲǴûй飡
һΣҲóǳضѣһΪԼӮĸʼԲŻ㣡
ôʥϲǳҲ治ɣ
Ǳг˳֮⣬ղ˵ǰˣһȻҪһ
Ǳ֮ǰ֣˵Ķע
ʵÿһھĲ߻֮Уֻ׵ĳǸ⣬һȻ³СԼӣ
ڣǱ룬δһ£
ԼŭĻᣬѹЩʳĵ̣
ͬʥϵ飡
Ҳͬʥϵ飡
ԥ֮ʣѾλ۾͵˵
Ȧף
ֵ̲һ˿ɱ⣬Ǳ׼ˣ
һвӶѣ
Ѿͬ⣬ǵھаͬˣһͬ⣬ôɾͳˣ
ַԣҲ޲
˽浽׸ǱʲôĽף˭֪أ
ַ֣ǱƺԼ
Ҳͬʥϵ飡
ͬʱҲѾͬ˴ʳ飡
֮УȻͬǱķи𾪲ѣ
Ԯ
ִ˿̾һ˭Ҳóܻʳûκεİ֣
ǱЦ޵鵹ǷϴҵĿζ
һ۾΢΢һЦʥϲһЩڲͬģǼǲʥһ棬ǳضѣνˣ
Ǳ΢˫ۣ͸һɽ֮ɫ
˿ֹһЦʥϣ㲻ͬҲͬ˰
ߣǳضѣ޻У
ЩѪʵ⼸ελȥĳǳѾˣ
ҪĻľвܻʳˣ
ֻ棬˹Ϊܻʳĵ۾ôܹҪأ
Ǳʥϣղ֮ΪһССѧԱֳìܣ˴һ֮Ȼ˲˵и顭
˵
ֵ۾ĶǱ֪һ϶ʲô¡
Ҳ֪ԼѾһıһǰߣ
ԼĲĻʱܻʳ򽫳Ϊ˵Ц
ڸոգǱԼĴʳĵ۾һǿ׳һɲԤУ
ֲɵӣ
ַֻܹ˵һ⣬ǾЩ˻ڴʳܻʳѾԼѡ
ֲ֮ǰɳʹüʳ׼˵ܻʳϣȴӶĳԵŸ
ڿһжǱڱС
Ǳ΢΢һЦλһֱǼʳìܵĵطȻ˵Ļŵǣʳ֮ìҲλΣ

üͷ壬һԭڿذ
ҪһﵽҪʲôʳĵ۾Ĭ֪²ˡ
ǱȻҴִܸһʣŵǣҺβǸ׵Ϊעأ
ף޻ǴܵΪע𣿺ߣ룡
һ㶣û뵽ʱȻ˵Ļ
ԼһӦûκεĹϵΪʲôҪʱԼأ
ѲɽΪӣ
ǱȻ¶һ˿ЦݣһתȻʥҴҲǿ޽һ飡
ҲסˣһͻȻ֮׵עȴַˣ
Ǳ«浽ʲôҩ
ʵǱѾˣڽìܼܻʳƻռһЩ
ɵȵһελ֮󣬵ʱìܵʱ
Ǹͬ⽫һµĻǱȻܻʳսˣ
һελܶѾǿһŨصĻҩζ
ǱɨһȦ˵ڼǰոսӵ۳ϢλĹھһõһŶԳƱ




1879λʼ
 

ھĴ
һǱ˵ıǻñλھĴ
ʳھκһǿ
һһλ۾΢΢һЦʥϣЩ߰
ҴʳȻаһελȻҲҪóһЩģ
Ǳ΢΢һЦʵھˮĪˣ
ˮѾͻɻʾڵʵȥ˭֮ܳΪأ
ֻˮͻɻʾϢûɢܶ˶Ϊˮʵͣڣ
ǱŻ˵
ǲκһԣһλ۾ЦŵλھҪΪ̫ǴʥҲӦ
ǱһЦȻ޼˵ˣǱһԾŶ
ʵˮǱУѾԼδĻʺˣ
վ·ЦһһﻹǻԼڿӰ
ֻµʱһڶ֪һڴʳҪɵ뿪Ѿǲ̫ˣ
˵ûһѪս
أ
Ȼˣ㲻κεĻͷ
ЩǱ˵ʲôԳƱ
Ǹʲôأ
ǱԱߣһλ۾΢΢һЦԳÿǧſһΣʱӦɶ۳նһֿô
ոյõϢλӦ֪ⶫԳƼ˸ʳһĶ֣һЩ۳һĸֲμӣܹ붫ԳѾˣ
Ǳ˵ʵһεĹھܹõĶǷǳĶ࣡
ⶫԳƱǾһҫ
Ҫ֪ܹ붫ԳˣֻҪʱܹõεĻ
˵˾һ֣
ܹμӶԳţѶҲǲԶġ
ͱ˵ʳλĹھʸⶫԳ֮С
Ҫ֪ʳжˣô֮ҲֻһܹС
վ·ˣʱĽӹλѧԺһֱӽʮǿʮʣʮλʮǿϯλʮǿ֮󣬿ʼֱ̭ھ֪λ۾飿
ûУ
˼ͬʱشЩһֱ
ֻһζһЩעһǰԳƱѣ
Щƣû뵽һȻжԳƱǺö
Գ
ǿǶ۳žۼһʢᣬֻҪܹõԳƱˣǶлİ
Գÿһοְλ
۳ĺүʲôһʳĵ۾ҲȲ˰
Ͼβһ۳ͻʳ֮Խĺ蹵ġ
ΪҪǣһΪ۳ˣʱ˭۸
΢΢ͷȻλ۾û飬ǱλʽʼһֳǩʽҲʽ
λĹʵܼ򵥣
ѧԺһǱѡֱ֣ӽʮǿ
˵ھռʮǿе涨ûһκε飡
ϾܹΪѧԺһˣǾ̳
ĺɱһ˵ÿһĹھҲЩһѡвģ
ôʣµʮѡ֣ʣµʮʮǿˣ
Ŵʳսλʽʼ
ԭ˵Ľ㶼Ƿ˹ھ棬ȴҲΪһ㣡
һһԼôʯӮùھܶҲ֮ԱǣΪǸ˽˼ˮһЩ棡
һǩܿˣ
׵һ鵽ѡ־ȻԼˣҲ΢΢һЦ
Ȼ
ôҲû뵽һﾹȻһԼˣ
׳ԶȻȥֻСһĳüû뵽һǴܻʳɱ
ǩһ
ܻʳʣµľŸˣа˸˷ֳĶɱ
Ҳ˵ܻʳһְ϶Ҫ̭ĸˣ
˵ǴʳΪ֮Ҳˡ
Ƕƣ
ǿԲٿرĻʳҲν飡
˵ĿֻһǾǹھ
ֻҪʵȻǹھ
Ϊ㶼ͶȡɣǹھԲǰųǩͿԵõġ
Щ۾ܺЩ˵ǵпҲֻйھǸˡ
׽ɱ
ԭǵһֿսӣ׵ǰ棬ܶѡѾ˱
λܶѡֵĲ໹Ƿǳģ
׺ȻǵʮһԳ֮ˣȻЩ鲻ԸҲݸһЦȻּˣ
ºܶ˶ڴ׸Ȼı
ԭһƽıΪ֮ǰ׵˴ʳĵ۾ԵøעĿ
˿̣еĿⶼ׵ϣҲҪһǲһ˼
һһͱ̭ĻҲΪһЦˣ




1880¾ô
 

䳡ϣ
׺ȻӶ
ֻ˵ı鿴ȥвͬ
׿ȥһķƵȻǳüģ
ȴҲ˵˵Щʲô
ףлл㣡
Ȼ˵ģȻɽ飬ȵĻҲûлվˣ
ѣл
׵ҲûнϣοΪһεǵõ˲ٵĺô
еõһλ׼ɵۼǿߣֲ
Ȼͷʵ֪ҲĶ֣Ҳﶷھûָˣ
ʲô˼
ЩĿ˿Ȼһ￴ȥЩ̫Ծ
ûʲô˼͵һľ֮㱣һ˱ɣˡ
Ȼ֣Ȼֱӳ䳡ķ˳ȥȻʾԼˣ
ʤ
Уһۻһı
׿ȻȥӣҲǿЦҡҡͷĵһˣ
Ȼ˵ĻҲͦõģ
ȥǼһﻹҪҪȻˣ
ǰǧĸϹͿѾֱ䣿
Ҫڵļһﵽô̭أûֱӽˣ
ǰû˼ҪǶǴܻʳôĻԺλʲô˼
ܻʳһѪԶûУǱ۸
·һ˵Ͼڴʳ
ִ֧ʳȻǷǳĶ࣬˿׺Ȼıڸ쳣
ֵҲ
׵ûʲôӮ˾ˣ
˵һƬУ뿪ߣȴһļһˣ
ףʥ㣡
ףԭҪţΪһԻ̫ӵڣסˡ

ֵĶӣҲǴܻʳ̫ӣ
һλܻʳϣ
ԱߣλhѧԺĸԺ֣ɷ翴ǰףǸ¾츱Ժ˹Ǵܻʳ⡯ˣ
ﲻ˵ĵطڵأ
ĵͷȻ뿪ߣ
ǵһֵıԣЩʳĵ۾ȻûκεȤ
ǱˣʣµЩ۾ȻҲܴǱߣ
ΪҪ׵Ļ˿뿪ˣ
ֻ֣ɷΪĲˬѾԺλãԼһëǮĹϵ
ӸҸ̫ӲѾô
ʳĳլԺڣ
ӦǴܻʳڴʳµһԺ䣬ȥȻرĴ󣬿ݻ̶ȴڴܻʳĻʹ
ں԰Ʒʵɲ裬һվżˣȥ磡
⫞أô
ֳһһλŰ׻εʵ
⫞أܻʳة࣬ͬʱҲǫhԺԺһ֮֮ϣ
һǰʳļҲǶĸ֣
⫞زǻ۹ˣʵҲǲС
⫞ؿֳʥʥϳΪʳҴܻʳһս
Ǻǣ㻹ûϺͿ΢΢һЦܿһ˿âȥ֮׼
ʥϣҪ忪սڿǸܵа
⫞ֵĻҲһ
ߣ࣬ĵӵһ˰
ֿ⫞صӣЩһ˵
ˣʥָǸףǼһﲻǳţ»ѣʥϿһսǴܿҪְ֮
⫞ؿĵȰοŸǰ֡
ֻվ⫞Ҵܻʳʮ꣬¹κ˵ƣ
ϳףֻʥϽӦҲóʳ̬ʮҿѾǴĳֹʶˣǴܿҪԵĲֹһҰ
⫞Ҳֻʵʵ˵
ΣǸ׵ļһ𣿡ֳ˵˭ôû
ϳϳҲǸոյ֪ϢҴܻʳĳһСС۾ҴܻʳhԺɽԺɽԺԺҪ˲μλ
⫞Щˣ֪һֳ˵Ķ֮ǰӦúúõĹ۲۲һ
ʱΪҪǰʳ⫞ݳУ
Ҳûмף˿Ҳһĺڲ
ʥϣ̫ӵһɤֵĸǰ
Ŀ⳯Զӣ
̫ӵ
Ŵ˻һ׺Լ֣ɷ糯ֵķ򼲳۶




1881
 

԰֮У
ֿԶļˣҲĿ΢
ĿһֱͣǸ֮˵ϣڣ
ǲ֪һﵽҸʳĵ۾а壿
Ѳǿ׼˴ܻʳʳ֮ìܣ
һҪһĻǵʱҲ̫
ܻʳƮҡսһ
Ҳûκεʱȥ˼⣬Ψɱϣλ۾Ҫ飡
ߵʣԸ꣡
ߵ֣һԵ֣ɷҲǹ
ֻȴûйݣһվֵĶ棬ȥһĵȻ
ף۾£
һš͵ľͷˣҲпЦһ
һﻹ˭Ҳ
Ŀдһ˿ɱôĵӣ޻¹򣿡
ΪҪ㣿
׿֣ͬŷһȣ
һ㶣漴һֵСӵЩ˼㲻ֻǵӴ󣬶һʶʱ񰡣
СС۾Ҷʥš
⫞ؿ׵ӣҲŭһ˿ߵļλѾǴ
׿ЦһǴʥϵĴ֮
ͣǺǣСС۾ĴҪƽƽˣ
һƣСӵǲɵ
ǲɵĻʲộ
Ѳıֲ֧ɣ
׵˵ʥϣ֦ͬŹͬĵˣΪβ̸һ̸أ

仰һԵ֣ɷ綼ǸоһĶ£
Ҹʥ˵ˣﻹҲڶ
֣ɷ磬ǲһﾹȻܹ˵Ļ
ѲľͲ´ʥϵŭ
ݸһЦʸ𣿡
ʥϾûʸ񣿺ǺǣްʥλĹھûʸ񣿡
׿΢΢һЦܻʳ֦ͬ
ʹӽܻʳӦҲԼĴòȥ
ʳƴܻʳʳ̲ܻʳ֮ƣһ˵ˡ
˵ĵ˾ѣ
ȻӦþֺʱ
ҪʲôչԼʵ
ƾ㣿һڵļһҲ˵ҪλĹھ޻ŵĻĪΪ꺢ͯɣ
ҲǱ׵ĻЦˣһȻ˵ҪλĹھ
ֱǴԲѰ
׿΢΢һ̾ʥϿɷһ˵
ﶼԼˣ˵޷޵Ҫô˵ޣǲĻĽտ¾ļˣ
ǣǴʥϲԸ޽̸Ļޱˣ
׿һ֣㳯Żȥķ˹ȥ
һģҲһЦСС۾ȻҶҸʲҪʵǲǸһӲ
䣡
һŰϢں԰ɢ
׵Ŀһ̫ӵҪ޶ˣ
ΣѲɱһСС֮ˣˣ֪һﵽ
ȻҸԼа壡
Ҫ֪𾳺۷ǿߣһͿ̤ɻʾ
ȻһǳѣҲŷǳǿţ
ֻ֪֮ˣΪαҪţ
ѲһĲֵ֪ôд
Թֻۣ㵵ķ֣һԼӵʱ򣬾Ȼû˿ķ
Բ
ӣǷף㲻Ҫ޶ԻսʤޱӦ㣡
ʥϣĿ޾ϳƲãЧȣ
⫞ֵĻ̹µ
ֳϷԣ
׿ãȻʥϿˣұҶ棡
棿
һѪûһҲ̫ˣ
ԼڵǿߣһﾹȻ˵Լ棿
бһɱ⣬һҪ˭˭棡
ֵĿΧһ۵ȫ£
ǣ£
˸Ҳ廰Ͼ۾ѾڣһٶĲ˵۾ӣǿɾͲ̫ˣ
ǰɣŵˣɻûмôŶһ֪ˣԼ˵ɣҪô
ԼʵǷǳŵģǰ׸
׿һаɣ
úúãȻִѰͳȫ㣡
Уһâ
߳߳ѾǽУһ̣ѾǶˣ
һλڵǿߣŭȥɱһλڵǿߣ˵Уκε




1882𾪵
 

ݣ
ڿУӰأ
һ̺֮ž޴ɱЩ֯һ𣬷·Ϊױ֯һ֮һ㣡
̫ӵµĹоڿͻɻʾָտɴ
⫞ؿԶҲ¶һ˿Цݣ
΢΢ͷȷЩ֮츳һֻԻҪĥ
Ǻǣʥֺ뵣أ̫ӵ껹Сʥ죬Ȼеʱ̫ӵ°
⫞һ΢΢Цȷһλţ
hԺ֮УҲ츳ߣһȻõھĿ΢΢
΢΢ȴûĿԣ
Ǹ׵ļһȻ޵Щְֿ⫞΢΢һЦ࣬㲻𣿡
ϳһﵽΪʲô˵ţһͷҲ˵ԼЩʵΪ̫ӵҲǸһѵɣ
⫞˵ǳʵ֮Ҳֵĺܣ
Ϊһ϶ʲôֻ֣˵Ҳ˵
ϾǴʥϵĶӣδĵ۾
ֻܹźû˵ˣĽôʵҲû̫Ĺϵ
ֵ˵ûʵôţǱ๼
ʥϣսʤ̫ӵ£ѲҪƽƽɣ⡭
⫞ؿ֣ҲǾ㵵ʵ
ЦһƽƽкβɣֻҪչֳܹŷʵսʤǱǿ
䣡
ָ⫞֮ʣɫĽѾ׵ķը˿
ֱײĽ·ǧսϱһ㣡
֮һƬϢ
ȥɣ
ѿһ˿ЦΪԿԸоǹɽѾǽ׸׵
أ
һ޴Ľײ˵Ķը죬һ̣
ɫĽѾǳƿķ
ʲôôܣ
۾ɵϴ󣬿ɫĽѾǳԼϮʱܵҪһ£
ʶ
׵ʶȻǿޱȣĸɫĽǳ۾һĸ
䣡
Ҫɫ֮ʱıͻȻ
һɹǿıϮ޿ɱܣ
ֻǽڼҪһ˲䣬ʧˣ
շ磡
һչֳǿĹףշĽڴڵĴŴ
ȻղһҪҲǸˣ
һغϵıƴ
Ѿȵռ·磬ǸղûֵĻǺľͲˣ
棡
һ뵽⼸ֵʱΪʲôһô˵ˣ
һĴܸӿͷһĨǷ֮ɫ
һڵļһȻһоԼʧȥģ
Ǵûй飬ƫƫȴϣ
žžžž
һ΢ĹԶֺ⫞صӰҲӰ
ʣˡ
ֵĸǰһ̣оԼϻģ
ֱĿһ֮ ΢΢һЦƽɣ֮⣬˶°ɡ
ǣ£
֣ɷĿɿڴĿǰһУƺûлع
֣ɷ磬ղŻΪԼˣ
׵ĳУûпһɱ̫ӵµֶΣһͷƤ飡
һ뵽֮ǰԼٰף֣ɷ˿̸оԼĲһ쬣
Ҫ֪֣ɷȻҲڣʵʵ
̫ӵڴҲǵвοأ
ǸӵԣԭֻΪ׵ʵӦñһҪǿһЩ
û뵽һﾹȻڵ˶ܹ׾ٵսʤ֮
λĹھһﻹлᰡ
֮ҲһĨ֮ɫппŵ
ΪɻʾڵǿߣȻŵˣ
Ȼղ׵Ķޱȣǿ׵Ķ
˵һʵҪԼĶ֮ϣһﻹûþȫҲ˵
һ㣬˼˵ҪλĹھǾԲһջ
ʥϹȻز¶Ѿ˵ˣֻҪսʤʸ̸̸
ֿ˿ףҲǳɻ
׿ֵʥϣһβμλֻһĿģ
˵
ֿףһεĶһһڵ
׵˵Ȣˮ񣡡
ۣ
һˮֱڵϣ㶵Ŀףʵû뵽һﾹȻ˵Ⱦ춯صĻ




1883º
 

Ȣˮ
һľκˣ
ˮ˭ڿǴʳĹﰡ
Ժһǿǲɶ˲ţ
Ȼ֪̫岩ˮѾ·˽֪飡
ͳŽǱǻδʳĵۺ󣬿ҲǷˮĪ˰
׾Ȼ˵ҪȢˮ
ⲻ
ǱҪ֪飬ֱӵܹɱǰλ֪ߵغˡ
˵·һôȻ
Īڸ޿Ц
ֿһӣҲЩʵ
һԵҲ˵Ҽǵ֮ǰǴ̫岩ʱ˵һλ֮󣬾Ҫʽˮ֮Ĺϵˡ
⫞صͷʳѾǽˮΪһۺ֮ѡʱ˵ⷬЩЦ𣿡
׿΢΢һЦʥϺ̫ӵԼ಻üˮǶȻܼ޸岩ģ
ŶΪΣ
ָо鲻ôļ򵥣׵ʵ
Цŵˮ֮ͬˣ½磬ҵӣ
ʲôԭ»ֿԿ˰
㶣ܿЦ
ĻǴʳһζ˿ɾĶˣ
ԭѾնδۺû뵽ȻǱ˵ţ
岻ˣ˭أ
ʥϣȻô˵ɴôưոأҵȳ棬ʱ֮䣬¡
⫞һֱĵľ⣡
ʵȻۺ񣬿ɸ廹һĲģ
Ҫǣʳ˼ʳܻʳΧУܻʳĵλþУ
Ƿʤ
ֻԴʳҲеһƴ
һʳΧͻҲмȺǵĹư
Ҳǵͷ׵ȷлùھղһսĲѾֳȴλھˡ
ֿһ׵ϵ˵ѾˡΪĵ۾ŲôһĵɣҪ֪ǣʲôʸ顭
νʸʵҲ˺ʸ
˵ʵ˵ҪȢˮ֮ҲΪ𺳣
֪һ㣬ûʵ֧ŵĻ׵Ƿɶ˻۵ܻʳ
־Բܲ飬ʧ̬չԼƲסĵز
ʱҲὫìͷָף
ϾҪȫܣĳһСС
׵˵ȻʥֱףҲֱ˵ˣṩʥϾ񡭡
Ǻǣ޻Ҫһѡˡҵ
Ҳ΢΢һЦܸоһЩäĿţ
Ҫ׵ľһŵģ
һıֵ֧ĻҲδܹ֮
һҴܴӴûκιϸҴԼԴʳ׿˿ֵ˵
һֱ׼ʵʩķִߣ
Ψһķˣ
˵Ȼ޻֪ʲôطɱϾҴܵĹڣҲҴܵõʱ򼴱ҶϾϵʳ˵˵ĵڶ
΢΢һЦȻʥ̸һȻǲ̫׵ҲԵû̸ıҪҾ˵˵ڶʳʳ
ʲô˼
һ̣վʳʳôĿ
ʥϺα֪أбһ۵
ȻӢ۳갡û뵽ʥᣬȻ˺֮־޺հ
ֿЦ˼Ц֮дһ˿ͣһ˿ĲмҲһ˿𾪣
ףƻ£Ǻξģ⫞һ׵Ļ̱׵˵
ʳȻһβμλʳˣ
׿νʳ⫞вҲ֪һ˼ˣ
û뵽һССȻҲ¹ԭҰģ̫Цˣ
׿һ⫞˵һة࣬ʳ˵ȻȻϸˣ
ʥϣҪҲóһЩܹŷĶɣ
ֿŰޱߵףҲЦ
Ѳɹƾ˵ܹʳ
׿˿΢΢һ̾Ҳ֪ǲչֳһЩʵʥ϶ȻҺģȻˣҲҴˣɣ




1884׵ĳ
 

԰
ô㶵Ŀףͬͣ˼ѾȺͼ־
Լأ
ȴΪһССλĹھղѣ
ѲɾǴ˵еĲࣿ
ڵףǷǳ
һԵ⫞ЦҲҪһﵽܹʲô˳ܹõʥϸı⣡
սʳ
Ƿˣǿ϶ȡ
Ӱ׵һ£Ѿǻĸֵ˵ĸǰ
μʥϣ
顢ֿݡѾǳ׵ĸǰ
˵㹻ǿ
ֵĿֱɨˣоһǣûһǿԿ͸ģ
ֿݾͲ˵ˣ˵ʶѾǿһĵز
Ҳɻʾڵǿߣֻܹܵ˵ϢЩͬѰѣ
һӳԼˣˣ
ض񣬴ʥϣûʸ̸أ׿˿΢΢һЦ
⡭λʵ
ʿˮһɹʵƴʲôǾǶֵʵ
ʳʹܻʳ֮䣬Ǳȵʲô
ȵĻɻʾֵ
ȻɱɽҲвСİƴǾǶֵʵ
Ϊɽʵ̫ԺܶʱҪЩɱɽܶģ
ֻӵɻʾԽ࣬ʱԽе
˿̣⫞غһĿǰļˣӰȥ٣ʥϵЩ˶
֪ҪֶʥϲĻǺǲˣ
׵ĿһֵˣʥϿѡһԣ޹ӦòУκһĶ֣
ʲô⡭ôܣ
ֵϳ֮ɫһôôĸֻأ
ԼҲûдﵽ簡
˭Ӻζ
ִ˿ѾǾκˣҪ֪׵˭
׿ֵʥϣܲܣʵѾǰˣ޻ǴʥϲԸҴ׺ޱԶԿ壬ֻһ
ţʥϣ֮ǰ˵ǵڶʲô˼
һЩ̲סʵ˼ҵʵǰɲ㲻
ʵҲŻŻֶѣ
ʵϣڳߵļ֣ĻʲôûУ
ӵдܻʳĺĻǽȻǲһˣ
ܻʳӵϵȫԸܲȡһֺķʽ
ڿģǾṩֵ֧ţ
Ǵ޺һΪһ룬Ҵһ룡
׵θȻС
̬һֱҪôҪȻʯƾ죡
ô
ֿ׳ʵҪ֪ĺ
ʵϣѾ׵ɸʲôСС۾ˣ
ƽƽ
ģ
˼˶ôţ棬Լ۾װʲôװأ
ֲСӸƴʳ̫ӣ˼ҲǸţﰡ
֮ǰЩмͳһ̶ѾǻΪӰˣ
⫞غףҲһĿɿڴ
ȻʧߣǳΪ˸̸ʱ
ˣһεĻص֮У
ֿʧӣҲܹ۲ţȴһ˿Ҳ
׿΢΢һЦҴױϾһɱɽʱڿ϶ṩ̫İҵǿṩİ
Ŷ˵ҵҪһСѵĸ߼
Ҳ΢΢һЦ׶ԳˣȻҪǳ⻹Ҫеģ
Ȼǳƺϵı仯ҲǸܵ׵ĳ⣡
ЦŵһǿսҴٿɳλɻʾǿиղλʥӦҲˣڶҴ׿ṩʮƷʯΪ裻ڵǾ͸ˡ
Ŷе
΢΢һЦǰѾʮˣ
ʳܻʳսʳ̲Уǹѣ
ǴܻʳռϷ磬ʱ˿϶ǽͷݣ
һ̫ˣ
һṩôıϣûأ
ֻһȻ˵ͣȤ
ЦŵǺһֻǴʥϻһϰ
ܹʥۣѾǳҵԤ֮ˣʥϸһǴ˸
Ҳһļһ뵽ṩЩ֧֣Ҳ
Ҳû֮ǰЩˣʳϴɾƨɵǰɣ




1885½
 

˿̣
⫞ѾĿɿڴ
׸ֵ죬һľ̾ѣ
ղǼλɻʾڵĸѾ𾪲ѣ׾ȻܹṩʮƷʯľ裡
ʮڰǿǴܻʳľ谡
ʮΪ֧ţټЩֵĻ
ܻʳʵһϣǴʳҲĪˣ
ʵƽһƺѾܻʳбˣ
һеˣǰһλȥۣȴܹıʳֵˣ
һ뵽ߣ⫞ҲЩգ
øղҪɱ˼λ׵۾أô˵Ļ
µʱ֪Լôģ
͸ղЩˣһܹԼٲľ˰ɣ
йأ
ף֪˵仰˼ʲô
ӦþԼһЩʲôģ
Ҳȱ
ԼѾӵһƷˣȻҲ棬ȴҲû̫һ£
΢΢ͷȷ̫ӵйأﵹһöɻԪ
ʲôɻԪļٵģ
ԭһƵɫһǺ
ɻԪ
ǿļƷҩҪ֪ɵԪѾʧˣ
ɻԪɽ绹һЩ׵ԭûɻԪġ
Դһڿ֮Ĺֿ֮ϵĵҩǶ˲٣
µһλҩʦҲһλ֣
ܹﵽɵ۾磬ʵͲ˵ˣȻɵԪƲ
ɻԪвٵĴģ
˵һϢȻˣɻԪҲһöһö
ϾֿǱֻдҪɻԪٵȵﵽɵ۲˵
οϿɲôҵģ
ˣ׾ʱóһöɻԪҲֵõģ
ҪܻʳԿʳҪһЩ
ҪܹʱͻɻʾĻ˿϶ǸӵĹˡ
Ͼδܻʳĵ۾
ֺ⫞ؿףǵҲǳ֮ɫ
ɻԪǿϹ֮ﰡ
ﻹ˵ɻԪ
Ҳ˵ģɻԪǷڷ֮Ļ¼۸ҲǼΪĺ˰
ڵļ۸񣬾ˡ
ʲôͰֱǴ񰡣
ǺǣȻǺҴ׾ԲԿѣοһΪҵ飬ܲǱǣѣ
ʵҲ֪ΪĻ´ܺʹ廹治һֵز
ڲֵز
ΪԼĳ֣ǰˣ
Ҳǵ޽һ˰ɣҪɽ㣬Ǳ뿪ҲֻܹһĽԼǿ
ȻɹǿҪǿĸ
Ҳһ⣬ɹԽԽ࣬ʱ򶥼ֵĸʲҲԽ
ֿ¶һ˿Цݵʥϲ˽֣ȻҴӦ׽ˣǱ֮ˣ벻ʥ˴ҶǱһֵܣǴʥϲҽΣ
ݣ
ҲһΣֻ˰
ɽĽݺ׽ǿɲһҪ֪Ҫĵģ
ΥԣǶԺпҲżĲ
һ˵ɽֵܵ˷ǳĶ࣬ĵ֮١
ͻȻ֮Ľ飬׵Ҳסˣ
ʥϲǳҴܽ˰
ֵ֮һ˿ʧ䣬ղһ̣ûе֮ģΪ嶯
ҵ˼ˣֻ̫ᣬֽݣʵǸоЩͻȻԸݣҲǽ֮ˣ
ҲǴֵ˵ѵһˣͦĵģ
ɽ磬ûʲôѣ
ֽܹݵĻҲһ£
⫞غĿɿڴ׺ֳʹҲǸŹ
Ͼһ۾ΪӵĿ϶۾վŰɣ
֣ףӼΪֵܣͬ벻Υģǲ֮
žžž
λƣһεĽݾˣ
Ȼʽ򵥣ȴˣ
ǿİԺұֵƼɣ캰壿ֹһЦ
ۣ
ǸưһԼһ壬˰
Ҳûа취˭øʸ˽أ
ЩƵĺ壡
ɶɻԪǶļɣ
ҲһЩ̫ӦܾƺЩŤ
ݣ
һ̴ѾǵУ˿̿ǼɫҲЦ




1886²пĶԳ
 

ɻԪ
õöҩʱѾǸŵҩ֮ǰ
ּ֪
ɻԪһΪϲɵ
Ȼ׵Ĵ࣬óһŸûġ
˭СҡһֳΪԼֶأ
⵱ģƺҲ˵ȥ
һԵֱֿӽҩԼĶӣҲǹһЦܣݴô纹հҲˣ
ݸһЦ磬һԴʳţܻʳݷɣ
Ǻ⣿ѲɻǴʳ
ֿ׳Ȼ׵鲢Ǻ⣡
Цŵ磬ƲʣҪߣʳҲδܹסڼϴһȺ˵ĻǵʱĿʵ̫ˡ
ܵ˼綮ˣǴʳҶֵĻǴҲȻԹۣ
Ҳǳ˸һ˿ɱ
׵ͷ磬ʱ̬ķչɣǱǵ˵˭ܹùھǵʱԴӦһҵҪôˣģ
ҪǱʱӣܣаܹùھҪ֪ˮѾﵽɻʾ
ҲЩǵʵ
ʱֻŽܳǳؾͺˣиҪʴ硭
׿֣ҲһЩⲻ̫ף
Цŵܵ˵޷
ǱᵽĶԳʲôüͷʵ
ԳǺǣʵϾλһģʽֻԳĹһЩ
һ׵ʻҲЦŵ
һԵ⫞ҲǵͷʥϣܹöԳ볡ҲôˡЩβߵĻʳʳһһЩʳһ
࣬ǲǾǶ۳ѡ˲ŵһַʽ׿⫞ѯʵ
ô˵Գɲλôºͣ⫞Цŵ˵ⶫԳǶ۳ٵһɽӵŸʽޣʱǴʥĲμ˶ԳĻǾͻ֪澺Ĳпˣ
ֵͷܣʵԳĹ򲢲ӣֻ˶ԳǾˣ
ǵ˵Ƕ۳ҲЩǵ
üͷȷǲпһЩ
ܹΪʳĳţǾ쳣ѵһ飡
Щ֮以಻ȻҲǺģ
ķĻµʱҲģ
λ
̨ϴ򶷵Сƣôĸֻ󣬻ǲģ
ֺ⫞ô˵֪ԳҪνλҪп̫ˡ
ֵͷⶫԳȷǼջĵط˵ҲԻƷǼƷлڶ۳
۳үǺǿ
׿Ҳ𾪵ʵҪ֪ܹμⶫԳ˾ˡ
Ȼˣɽνˣһ㶼һǧڵͣ
ǵȻԳÿǧſһΣһοѾһǧֻ꣬һǡ˶ѣЦŵܣҲ̫ģⶫԳǿ»Ҫкܳһʱ䣡
λ֮Ϳʼˣ
֮ôʣΪڶԳϤ
ϤⶫԳĻͻ֪ⶫԳ֪ͨʼҪжʮҵʱ䣡
ȻǣһжҪȶ۳֪ͨҼǵõһΣ֪ͨμӶԳտм仨ٶʱ䣡ģҲʮʱɡ
ݸһЦô˵Ҳ˽ⶫԳһЩ飡
׿ЦŵлΪҽ󣡡
ǺǣΪ½֮ˣԶɽһЩǷǳ˽Ҳʼ
εЦЦɽҪ˽Ķܶడ
ֵͷǵ˶ԳӣܻҪһЩǸʱܹᵽɽĲпԣ
һȥȥ˵أ鵽ʱɣ
׸Ǳ̸߳ţؼú褵ǶΪĵǣ
ϾױʥϸˣҲǵ׵İΣ
ֻ֪ʥѾǰݰӵֵˣ
֪ĻҲǾ°Ͷ˰ɣ
ڶһ磬λ
׺δһͬУΪڸҪμӱ
ǱҪȵʣµĶʮ߸ȷʮǿλ֮󣬲Ż
ǩʽУ
һεĳǩʽ˸оʳƺûκεè壡
Ϊ׾Ȼ˵ֿˡ




1887Žǿ
 

ʮ߸ˣ
ʮԣ׽ɱ
ȴҪʣһˣ˵ĳΪֿߣ
ܶ˶Ϊ׵Ĺʺ˶ѣȴ֪ӦǴʳΪ֮
ΪԽǰԽ࣡
ŽԼӦþͻʳһЩˣ
һΪλṩĴʳʱԼҲƿˣ
ֻЦʳһ㶼䣡
ȥһȻֿˣҿȥʮǿȵ˰
ɲզΣһûдֱҪʮǿˣ
ҪǲμλˣµѪ
Ѿ˱˰˼ǱƴƴģŽʮǿ
һֵģΪһֱڴ׵ļһܹһչ֣
һֱѾҲûκεĻ֣
ܿ죬ĽҲѾˣ
ڵʮĸ֮УֻҪѡʮˣʮǿˡ
죡
ǩʽһεĿʼһ׳鵽ĶȴҲоˣ
ļֱŽʮǿĽడ
ͮ
һȻ鵽ͮʵͮΪԺĴڣһܹȫΪ׸Ʒ
ûƷĻˣ
ȷӵһǿܹԼʵӲ٣
ͮһҲΪĸɴ࣬ΪоԼѾߵͷˣ
ֱͮ䣬Ժըˣ
ѾǹϵĴʳĵˣû뵽ΪʳĴĴС㣬ͮȻˣ
ǿ벻̣
һƬѾǰؼ˸飡
ѧԺһЩ߲Ҳŭѣ
ǲ֪ؼ׵ĹϵһҲֻܹŭȴΪ
Ͼ䲻Ȩ˼ѡԼУ
λ涨ڱģ׾ö֮Ľʮǿ
˵Žʮǿģ
ЩĿǰע˲Ǻܶ࣬Ͼʳһ˶ûг
ʮǿǿעȻ᲻һˡ
Ϊ⽫Ǹʳλһѡֳӣ
ܶ˶ڴһܹһʺˣֻǲ֪ǣ׵˻ڼ
죡
ǵǳˣһʮǿǿı˴ܻʳλڶĻ⣡
Ĵܻʳʮǿֻ֮ʣˣ׵һԼˣ
ֻǻԼ鵽׵һ̣ҲƵĿ˿ϵף
֣ȻҺһɡǡ
⿴ף¶һ˿֮⣡
ȥҲǷǳźȻԼܸӿǰһЩ
׿Żʼ˵㲻Ҳɣ
ûа취֣ʥϵ˵ô죿ԼС׽ţ
Ȼ֪Ϊʲôӵģ֪ʥϵǿɾʥּ
ܲΪһλԼ嶼ɣ
һƬҪĿ׳֣ʵһεǸо˾
ˣ
ֱӽǿʳЩ̭ѡѾʼˡ
Ѿ˶ٵƷܹһ·ʮǿߵ˰ǿ
Ժ䳡һ࣡
ةʹ̫岩ͶǱߣ˺Ų죡
ľЩ۾Ȼڳˣ
еһж岩ٿţ
̫ӵ£ʥϻ᲻ᶯŭʵ
岩ٺһЦ࣬һжƿ֮У̧ԽˤԽ
һѾ˰ǿ˰ʥ֪굣ǵʵ
岩࣬񱾹֮ˣǱ߱ԻͣӦÿóһԽߣķԽݰɣ
۲̫ӵ¸
ʵ֪岩˼άֻСһ·ֱЦһĴڰ
ǿǿѧԺڶǸһ䣡岩ٺһЦ
ʲôԺɾֻʣһ˰ʵ
岩һЦôܵ׵ļһﻥɱǸãʱھ֮׾ٵľʤˣ
̫ӵΪȻɷѿİǸ׵ļһ˾ʱȻǸ
ҲǺٺһЦ
岩Ŀһˣôɣ˰϶ĿʱͿǴﶷɣֻھΪ𣿡
ʱƣǿϯλȫ
ֻ׵ĺҲԽԽߣ
ǿǿԺλڶ֮ˣȻҲˣ
һƺһıһ㣬˸
׵˵ŽǿڰĶҲѾȷǱǴ̫ӵ
һƺǰϾ̫ܵӵܲİɣ




1888²šʺף
 


ˮǿƽһ̣ܶΪʲôһˮΪȣ
Ϊʵ̫ǿˣ
ʳ֮һĳʳԺһ۷ǿߣ
ˮһֱɱһҲ˿ɻʾڸֵķɣ
ˮɻʾڣ
⼸֣Ҳ˶һλûκε
ɻʾڣ
ڶ᲻˹ھĻǾûˡ
䳡ĳ䣬³С鿴ײϵĽҲһƣ
СӴλڣȻûжһ֣
죡
ʵ̫ˣ
ý׿϶Ҫ̭ˣСһ첻̭оһ첻Ȱ
ǧƷʯĶע
Ҫ˵ĻǿǻʮƷʯ
һӴ֣ѹ³СЩ
ԭΪС˴ʳ϶Ǳƨһģ
ʵʳ˶ˡ
һиڹҼһ㣬ﻹһλ԰
ڵ³СЩľƣĸо˼ǵȵ˰
ΪhԺһǴܻʳ̫ӣǲӮĻǶ˶ˣ
³С鿴˿ˮһǿƱ֣һŵĳ׵ķ
ֻȴһδ֪һ˿ĵǣ
ò̫ܣ
СĶˣʵû˰
ڵֻϣ׸ıܹĿʼˮ񼴱ӮҲʧһƷʯѡ
ϾǱأСӾͲһˣ
ʼֱǸߵ˰
ͮؾúվһ࣬ǵǹЦݣ
ڽǿѾǳǵԤ̫̫ˡ
磬˵̫ܵӵ»᲻䰡ҪĻҿ涼ը˰
ͮһԵؾҲЦЦʵ
ؾʼӦòܰɣϾǴܻʳ̫ӣһ˾ǱлȡھϾ۷ǿߣֹܱҪһЩģ
ҲǵͷȻʵɸڵǿȣ϶вСĲģ
ǿλѾ൱Ĳ˰ͮҲǵͷ
ؾ̾һֻЩϧǧƷʯôԵˮˣ
磬ǲҲǴ岩Ҳͦţˣͮһֵ
ؾһ쿪ʼˣǿʲôɣֻϣֹӲҪ̫Ҳźð
ؾͮ褵˲֧ף
ʵ׵ʵޣ
ڣ֮ǰ͵ϮսʤڵһֱЩڻ
ڶ׳廹壡
׵ĵӹҲˣ
һڵǿߣ˭Ӳʳ̫أ
˼Ҿ͸ңҾôˣ
ƾһ㣬褾ԼҲΪ
˵ʵ褺ٶһӵŨȤƺѾΪзǳҪעһˡ
£
׵ĳһըһ˶Ǿһ϶Ҫ̭ˣ
ڶ˵ȴ̭Ҳһʱ⣡
ƺӵĴһЩĳҪһЩ
һƵӣܶ˰һּȵţ
ȷΪhԺһѡ֣һ֮˵ʱȻӵ޷һţ
˵Ŀһ̶䳡룡

λʷ˹עİˣ
ϾһһλʼҪˣûĳ֡
Ҳ˵ǰ޹ˣҲǺߵˣ
ˣһֱĳˣ
Ǵҵ֪Ҳ֪飬ԵʼҪԣ
λܻʳhԺͬԫhԺף
һۻڳ𣬺ܶ˶һڴĿų룡
΢΢һЦȻ׼𣿡
ĬĿСӿȥЩ֣ܵĻСӿҲѧҪˣ
Ϊʳ׼⼸׼һʱ
˼һΪ֮һ仰
ֻһЦݵĿ׼䣡
䣿
ˣ
⻹ܲˣˣ
׾Ȼһʼһ·˸䵽˾
ʷǰʷǰ
꣡
һ𣬴˿ʳΧ֮Ⱥ鼤ܣ
ǸоԼˣһ㣬һﵽ׺εºܣܹôأ
һûֱ֣ӽ
˱һʵ




1889Ƶ
 

ǣԺ䳡ڣ
ˣ
ʵ·ЩǰΧ۵˵ݺݵĴһ
ԼҲˣӿʼѾǱüˡ
һαһθоţ
֮ǰǸԺڶļһ׼úõĸһһ٣
ôҲû뵽ǸһٶȾȻ˿ɶã
ʵϣ
һ䣬Ѿ׵Ԥ֮ˡ
֮ǰѾй֣ʤѶټԼΪĶ壡
һ϶ٸԼһˣ
ǽˮҪĻھľˡ
Ѿˣ׵̩Ȼ֮Ľˣ
ಽĳųؾ˵ķ˹ȥ
˿̣
ؾðһԵ褵˶ѾĿɿڴ
찡
ǵּѾǲԶˣ׾ô˾
ֹӣ̫ţ˰Ȼ̫ܵӶ˰ôİ
ͮףϳֳһĨ֮ɫ
ζžһĸʳΪھ˰Ȼǿˮı֮ҲʼͬûС
չ飬Լ뵽׾ȻܹΪһ
ʼҲûпǶ䣬ô죿Ǳҵ嵽ˣ
˵㻹˰һҲЦǺǵ˵
ʱ³СҲǳ׵ķ˹ǳüӣҲ˸оһĺЦ
³С鿴΢΢һ̾˵ֹӣ㻹ǺȻֶûжһ¾ͽˣλʷҲûгֹ˰
³ƹĪǵˣ
׿³СҲ΢΢һЦʵʵھڱصã
ֻķʽҲû뵽ģ
һʼȻ䣬ΪֻǸ󣬿һ·ƺĺ죡
ȻˣڼϱҲһЩ⣬˵ֽݵȵȣ
⵼һ·ͷβȻǲö־ͽˣ
³СݸһЦĵڣֹô죬ܹˮﶼĻ³ԣ
Ǻǣ³ƹȥЩԸ׿³СЦŵ˵أ
ֹҲ̫ˣ֪ˮǴ̫ӵδֹ̫֮ǰٰ̫ӵ£ΪˮĹ㣿
³СЩΪȻǰһﻹΪԼٷ˰ɣ
ˮǺҲ
˼ôʳһδۺѡһ
ҪΪ˻кϵ³СƿڴײҪˣ
׿³СһֵЦ³ƹα⣿ǣ
ǣ
³Сɫһ˿֮ɫôҲû뵽׬ǧƷʯ˵ľ
˾ˣһﻹûб̭
ƵҲֻ³СԼܹˡ
ǵʱĳĻ۳ǱҲŹԼģ
һѾǽԼ³עŪǽ֪
Ҫһˣ
³ Ҫ⳥Ҳ⳥ˣ⳥õ˵棡
ʱ³еǿɾͻһˣ
Ҫ֪³еǱʮƷʯҪֵǮ
׵ȥıӰ䳡һƬ֮˿ûͣЪļ
ܶʵۺ죡
һָͷûжžͽˣ˭ÿûŰ
䳡һˣ
岩ĳǡһԣĳǵ˿ȥǳĲã
̫ӵ£⡭һҲ̫˰ɣǡǾôͦ
ĳߵļҪˤԼϵıӣ岩ߵĻҪˡ
һԵĳ˵峤̫ӵ۲ΰԣȻѾ˶Բߣ
峤ǶϤ˼ǿ֪ΪʲôԺ˶䣿Ϊľܹñδ̫ܹһЩڣ
岩˵һж׼õģ
ֻԼҲû뵽ˣҲЩ벻ͨ
ڱţҲֻܹ˵һж֮ˡ
䣬ĿǷΧ֮ڣ
ܻʳ˷˼
ĳǺ޺޵ĵͷȻҲ˼ҪĻһͷײԺĴˣ
岩򵭵˵ձǾˣǾҴһ϶ӣ񲻻Ϊһ
̫ӵԼǣ̫һΪ̫ӵ³ͷСӲҲѲƤˣ
ĳһ岩ĻҲǹЦ
岩΢΢һЦƺĹάЦŵ֮󣬸ʱĻ¡Ѿ֪ͨ˻һλЩˣǸ׵Ӧûˣ
ǾͺãǾͺð
ĳǵҲдһ˿Ц⣬һǶôˣ
ǲĻʵΪĲˬ
ֻܹڴĳˣ
۵Ѿ϶ˮԻ׵ļһģ
ܶ˷ܵڴľս




1890¾ñط
 

ǣԺ
ӭŶһĨ⽥أ
ڽ죬ʳλѾ٣
Ŀ˿
һ̣ܹȫһӵ룬Ҫ֤ʳھĵ
ˮ
дʳУȻǻʷģ
ôʳѾǶ˼λĹھ
һΣȴΪڴһΣ
ΪλĹھδĵۺ󣬴ʳĻʺ
˵ԣ
úܶʳڷ׷ߣΪˮҡź
ֻΪ˵ˮһȻ·κĸһ㣡
Ǳ
ʳ۾һһγ˵֮У
һΣϲ
죬֪״ʱҲǴ
̫岩ϸĽ֮ƽϢ˱ŭĸԴ
ǱҲǲ޵ģ
ܻʳ̫ľֱӷˣ˵װ͸˴ʳһھ
ף
ǸڵСӣǱһк³ģ
ҪԼʵжʳˣǴʳǱ·һ
ʥϣλѾ׼
ΪԺԺҲǰһ
ǱһԱߵ֣Цһʥϣ֮仹Եû뵽Ǵܳ˸˲ţ
ǺǣҵҴһֱ˲ű
ֲ̲Ļһ䣬˵ڲǿЦѣ
׵ʵȻ֪һʵӦòͣ
Ϊʲôһ￴ȥֻڣͲö֪ˡ
ֺѾǽֵܣһǿ׳
Ѿ˶ֵ׼Ȼڿȥһź
֪ʥǳ׼ûУ޿Щ˰
Ǳţ
ΪˮʵΪģѰ֮˸Ķ֣
ټһĲ࣬Ǽֱʤȯգ
ֵ˵ûпʼʥϾ¶ۣСĵʱ
ʥϻϲЦ޵ڴһλšܹԺһδ̫أ
Ǳ֣ҲǲмЦһ
ǲܵ飬ҲӸˣ
ҲûйڴǱһͱQɣ
뵽һܷΣֶЩǱо۰
ʳλʼ
Ǳ͸䳡ʱ򣬵Ѿһ󻶺ȸԾ
һʤĻ
һ̣ʳѾΪھǵ֮ˣ
ߣǸ׵ļһҲͷˣһ̫϶Ǵѽ
ǰһϲľȻֱܹǶԺһ谡
ˣעҪˣǾ͵ſϷɣ
һڵļһܹǸ漣
Ǵ壬һιҪӶʮǳˣ;ÿİ
һǱ죬ǵ϶͸һӵЦݣ
˵Ѿעˣ
׿϶ˣͿʱʲôķʽˣ
ںܶ˿׷ǳĲˬһһָͷûжͽ˾
ܶ˾һֱǲȵʺˣ
ˮ񣬴˿пֹ
ԶԶĿףǧĵȴһƺ˼ˮ
ƵĺãеˮѾǻ

ˮĴ۾֮У˿ﻹݵˣ
ôһֱĿף״˿̵Ҳȫˮϣ
׾ûãϾˮֿʵҲͼʱ䣡
һεļ棬ȻҲǳļ
ˮǧĵȴ¾ֻԼвܹ֪˼֮ˡ
ÿһ·ǧֻһ㣡
ܶ˶ǲĿˮӣҪ֪ƽʱˮʦ㣬ǿǼ򵥸˿κҵİ
ǵ̫ӵԼҪ׷ˮʦʱ˼ˮʦҲֻǵĻظһ֪ˣ
ôȥˣ̫ӵƺˮЩ޼ƿʩ
ܹܾ̫ӵµŮˣŮ˾Ƿǳţ
ҲǴһ˻ǰ棬ԭϬˮ
Ǿֳ
һԾñطط
岩ˮĿ׵ӣ۾ֱˣ
ΪһˣȻ֪ˮʲô
⣡
һ̣岩ķ·һشУָоһ飡
ˮȻˣ
Сӣ
岩оԼҪˣ޷һʵ




1891Ļ
 

䳡ϣ
ˮվ̨֮ϣֻһҵľ룡
ǱüͷѾǽ壬Ϊ۾ǳǸ
ڲ֪鵽ô֮ǰûκεĶ
岩֮⣬ʵҲûôУ
ֻܶЩ̫Щ
ֻ岩ѾǿԳˣھλĻĻ᲻һеĳȥɱǸһ
ɭֲѾ˵岩ڵ״̬
׵һӣһѾǽ˰У
ڸ̨֮ϵļ۾ͬʱüͷƾôĶ
ǱһԵĸô£
£֪
Ҳ亹ܣ֪׵ʲôֶΣ
һССڵļһȻܹǵʶ
ȹֶΣʵЩ۾Щˣ
ȻҲɻ󣬲ǵ˵λľʥϲ˼Ҫ˵仰Ҫɣ˼Ҳǡ
㡭
Ǳɫһ䣬
Ǹ׵ļһԽʹЩֶΣԽܹһ뿪
ˣŪԺǴĸ󻼣
Ǳһ˿ɱֵķ˿ֵҪĻһʰˣ
ʳѾǽܻʳԼ֮ˣ
һߣ
³СҲǿһ£ΪƺһЩԾĵط
һ浶ǹĸ˵ĻлЩ
ˮ׵һ˿ɱⰡ
³Сɻʾڵĳֻ֣һԾӶѣ
ȻǸ֣ȻǿԸܵĳˮ񵽵ʲô״̬
񿴵ˮȻЩĿףôܹأ
˿̣
ϣˮܹεضֱӸ׶֣
ȴ֣ԼʶȻСõϡ
һɲԤѾӿͷ
ģСӵڸʲô
ǰˮʦ˵ʲôҴ֮ˣӦɱ˰
СӻǹŹְû뵽һɽˮʦ㾹Ȼһˣ
ҿˮʦǲǿһﰡȰͶ
֮˿ǰһĻҲƷǳ
Ǹ˵˵Щʲô˶
̨֮У
׿ˮҲǱּˣ
㡭ôҶһǧˣ
ˮЩֵĿףȻδĸȴѾЩƲסˣ
ʼ֪һֵɽһ꣬ҾǸһˣ
ʲôɽһ꣬粻һ죿⡭ļٵİ
ˮϳ˾㵣ĻܹΪʲôôˣ
׵ͷȷģֻҲǲ֪ģ
ʲôʱİĽ㶼ҵ𣿡
ˮףЩеʵ
΢΢ҡͷҷһʱѣ֮⣬֮˶ûҵ
ʲôˮ׼ʵǲõϢˣ
֮ǰոյ֪Ϣ΢΢һЦ
ﰡЩҲһֱڴǵϢɡһֱûУ
ˮ΢΢ҡͷȻһɽ磬ȷҲûһ˵Ķˣ
ЦŵңվǵϢģҾߵġ
Ҫ
ˮҡҡͷֱӺһ䲻Ҫ
üͷҲһ˿ŭ㲻ҪǴ̫С
ף쵰ôôأˣҲڸڶ˵ģˮ˲
һˮᣬҲЩ۵˵Ҵ˻𣿿Ϊʲôһߣ
Ϊʲôŷɽһ࣬ȻʵﵽڣӦ֪ʵڻʳһץһѣôܹĿأ
ˮҡͷȥǲ˹һ㣡
׵дһ˿ĸж֮ǰЩƫˣ
ˮ΢΢һЦӦ֪๫Ҵûаյ̰ɣȻҽˣȻȫ׼͵Ÿ߾ˡ
ǡ
ˮףҪ˵Щʲô
Ѿǰڰֵ𣿡
ҡҵȻˣ๫
ˮ̵ͷûףзɽĻأ
׳˼ȻңҵľͺˣһҶλĹھʱǴ۾޸ңԼ˵ģھǿһܹģٺ٣




1892
 

̨룡
˾ôֱ㶵ĿˮǱ̸Ż
ƾôǾɵһ㣬Ļһ㣡
κѡԵˣ
ûа취
۾Ѿ˵ľʼˣ
ܽΣ췴Ҫֳһʤģǰ浽̸ЩʲôҲ˵ɰ
׺ˮһε꣬Ҳǳ湻ˣ
ʳĵ۾֤ͬ˵ط꣡
ȻˣҲֻһЦѣ
ˮ˿Ϲ˵֮ɫ˷ḻı飬˿Ŀɿڴ
ıɽŮ·ǻ˸һ㣡
ʱˡʱ졢ʱ
๫㡭Ĵ̯𣿡
ˮףϽֹ
ЦŵﰡʳȻֻһܹɽ磬ȻˣΪҪأ
ڴʳҪȻɣѰҵ˺ʵĻᣬȻȥܻʳΣ
ˮʵǵ׵İΣôо׵ƾʲôܹԼߣ
ǰǰĻ۾
һ׾ҪˣˮΪ׵İȫҲԼĽ飡
׿һˮЦŵҳԿģ
Ҳǣֻһβͬ
ˮûмһԿϾɽ磬簡
Ÿ̨֮ϵЩɻʾǿߣļǿˣ
׿ˮ΢΢һЦˣ˼ҵҲȵĺܾˣҪڲȥĻʱ¶ܹ˵Ŀˮûˣ
λʷϵһûж־Ͷڵˣ
ˮҲǿЦһû˼׶֣
Լ๫֣ԼǷˣ
ѾزˣѲ岩򣬶
ǲܵ飬Ҳѡһ
һˣҲһˣ
ܹɽһ⣬ˮѾˣܹһ𣬺γһҸأ
εʼʵҲ밡ھҵ֮ֻھЩѣ
ʹɣ治֪ţҶ򲻹ôȥЩ˰
ˮЩֵĿһף֪Լһڴ漣ˣ
ȻеǣȴҲһ˿ڴ
׿ɲǸɵӣ֪ҪȻȥ
ĻȫԻһַʽ治
Ȼѡ﹫ǵĹϵǾ˵һѾȫ׼ˡ
׺ٺһЦ๫ңնɱһλɻʾ֮ˣ˾Σ
ļٵİնɱɻʾڵǿߣ㡭㲻ǲ⡭⵽ôİ
ˮһסˣԽսȻڣ
Խնɱһλɻʾǿߣǲܵ飡
׵Ļˮһŵķ
ЦŵˣԺп㽲Ժеʱ䣬ʱһܴˮȥתһת
ˮ۾ɵϴײŵʵˮǣ=๫˵ʲôأ㲻ɽһЩûи㶮ɣҪȥѾǲˣ
Ժ˵ɣʼ磬ʱ˿Ҳýôˣ
Ժеǻˮ˵Щ
ҪģǾǱ˵ʳ
ϳȥ
һ˵ĶУ
ˮɨһȦˣŸ̨֮ϵǱ˿˹ȥ
꿴ˮ޶֮⣬ҲǸϽѵһ˵ʲôʥϿǵĺϢذ
ˮЩӵĿһ۸꣬˵ԼǷǳĲ
ֻϧͬΪı
վҪģ
ˮ࣬лôչˣû
ѽʱ˵Щʲô֪һս֮Ҵδĵۺһ֮֮ϰ
鼱֮£ҲǶˮ˵
Ǳˮˮ޵ĺϢһλĹھޱѸ£Ļ£
ͣ¿ʹҵˮһǱ
ˮ󵨣
ǱˮȻײԼһŭ֮Ҳɱ
岩ҲǷ˸̨֮ϣеĿˮ񣬱һƬģؿɼ
ˮһ岩ȻתŸ̨֮ϵĸ깰ֵһελھѡ񡭡˳
䣡
̨֮ϣǱֱӽԼǰʯ輸ķ飡
һ̶ǲŵĿųˮ
ˣ
ףȻӮˣ




1893´ľĿ
 


һ󳩿Ц̨֮ϴ˳
ЩŵЦһĳĬ
ܻʳȻˣ
˭ܹܵˣ
Щûһܹܵһʵ
ľ
ĸݼ˶ǡģ
һ˲䣬䳡ϿգصǷŵЦݣ
Ȼ֪ˮ񲻿֣ܶϾӡ
ǵɽ֮ǻģ
һҲұ֤ˮľԸߣһֱղˮȷ˳һ̣ŵһĲų׵ķ
̫ʹˣ
ʳΪǵһ̱׵Ĵˣ
ЩܻʳʳѹѾû̫ռ䣬Ǿڽ죡
һڶǳȥˣ־ǳ۹һ㣡
ַԷθĿĵЦݣʳ۾ǱγĶԱȣ
ʲôˮô˳أǿǴʳδĵۺ󰡣
ҵ찡һﾹȻͷβָͷûжһ¾Ӯˣ
ţʵǲŰǿ쿴ʥϵ
ܻʳ̫̫
һʱ䣬䳡ΧѾըˣһǰͲסˡ
ϣһ̱ɵĸɸɾ׶ˣ
ûκףڲκ˿õ£һˡ
һεĶǾǰ޹˺ߵֱ֣Ƕ˵̵һ谡
һȭδȻˣ
ôܹЩǰķڷأ
Ҫ֪Щ֮о˿ɶˮʤİ
ôһ䣬˵ʯȫˮƯˣһëʣ
Թ䳡
³СĿɿڴĿǰһУԹһ˵ġ
һֱûл
׶ˣһﾹȻˣ
ýֺͷ붼벻һڣһһַʽڣ
ʳǶ˸ӺͼǳضѰ
³һονʧأʮƷʯǿµ³Ԫ˸ö갡
³С²סĲţһǱ׻˵ˮӲˣ
ں޲ֱȥնɱǸһźã³бϾ۳У
еΪҪô˵Ļʱ»˵
̣
ڶ³С˵Ψһ֣
ŭգɸ֣Ժ֮мѪ
һֵܹ˭أ
ֻĽ֣ʵоһı
ڵֻܹϣѾǱŭѵǱˡ
ϣǱܹնɱһȥܹһ
Ļʱ۳ˣ³Сľ֮ˣ
ʮƷʯ뵽³СоԼ첻ˡ
ȻˣȻ˳ȻҲ˻ϲˣ
һߣ
ؾͮѾǼԸˣ
磬ֹӶˣ˰
ͮվ̨֮һȻӣ˿̸׷ǵŮһ㣬֮гСǣ
ҲǲסҡͷǷˣһﻹˮĹϵɲһŶ
褶ôһЩζأͮһЦ
ؾҲǳ˵ֹӹȻǺȻѴ֮һελĹھ½ĴҲҪʳ˰ɣ
ǻǵĵһܻܲ߳ȥɣ
褿׺ˮоȻΪ׿ʼ
Ҫ֪֮ǰ˻ͬˮһ㣬޲öԷźõ֣
ͮһ褵ĻҲǵǰֹǻȥȣҿǻİɣ򡭡
ؾǰȻҲ뿴׷ʲô飬ǻԴΪأȻֹ˵а취ܹǾҪ
ţ߰ɣ
ͮҲǵͷǼڻ˭עأ
ǵ뿪û˿˻
˵עѾǷ׵ϣ˴ܻʳߵ˼֮⣡
֮Ͼ¶һ˿ɱ⣡
Ǵʳߣ˶Դ
ЩΧ֮˲ԸɢȥǾҪ׷ʲô
ûмǴĻλ֮ǰʥƺ˵ôһ仰˭ڵĻǱھһǰɣ
ܹɱ׵ʱͻȻ֮俪ˣ
˿̣Ҫʵжתˮϵѹ
ǱףѾǴβסɱ⣬˵ޣ˵
ǺãȻʥϳˣҲͲˣҵȢǰλ޶˵ˮŴʥϲ˵ɣ
׿Ǳ͸һ˿֮⣡
֪һôͬأֻѾǱڻϿˣ




1894Դ̫ӵս
 

Ժ䳡
ˮվ䳡룬˿̵ȥһ֮ˣ
һССλĹھȻƴʳĵ۾
Ѱ·
һƬ䳡ϿգǱм棡
֪ڵôһˣ
ʧ䣡ŭ尾
ǱǱ˰ǹ·һ㣬оԼһĳª
ӦǴʳΪʳ֮ףˮڵӣ
ƫƫˮȻˣ
Ϊ䣬˴ʳӱһɶ
ףɸһս
ಣ
һӰѾǷ䳡УǱû˵岩ѾǶʻգ
ԼϲŮˣȴվһ˵
֪׵׸ˮ˵һЩʲôˮƺĬ׵飡
ѲˮĶСһ飿
Сʲô岩СʵǷչǰ;ûԼǿ
ΪʲôˮƫƫѡոճֵСأ
⣡
岩ѾҪȥôˣ֮ǰӣȻɱģɻû˵ǿң
ֻڣ޲ýǧУ
Цһ岩Ǵʳ˵ĲҪҼȻѾλĹھǴ˵ĻͲܲ㻰
ߣھǱŷĹھ𣿡
岩ЦһŴ˸Ϊھ˻ֹһ
ǱһΧļλ۾λ۾˵˵׵Ĺھǲʵ飿
⡭
һȻ˵ھõ൱Σ
ɱϾ˼ǹھǴʳһڶˡ
Ǳھǲʵ飿ѾԼΪʲôҪԺء
һλʳĵ۾΢΢һЦʥϣ޴жϣһδȴ˹ھ⴫ȥҲǸЦ
ǰʳλûгֹӰһλ۾Ҳǳ
ʵʳ֮ҲǴĳЩ˽µĺģ
ֻЩ˶˾ôܳԼȥʳأ
һǵĿǴܻʳܹܻʳҲһ¡
Ǳ󲻵ûг´ܻʳǶ˶Ѽˣǿɲڲˡ
룬˼ҴܻʳѾռȻˣ
һнΪǴʳ
ֿ˿Ǳһʳ㣬ǿɾ͹ֲ޲ˣ
ʥϣѲɻҪҴ忪սɣ
ǱҲǵʲõ˵ҪͨһЩ¶ˣ
ôܻʳôʤĹʵߣ
ǲܵģǱĲôãΪѣȻΥĳԣ
ְȻ˵սҴֺξǴ壿
䣡
һƳְڸ̨֮ϣһ̣֮չ¶ţ
ޱߡڣ
ֵбһɾǿս⣬ǱҲǲʾ
һʱ䣬սһ
׿һֺǱ΢΢һЦʳҪĹǼʶˣǲһ岩򣬾ͿԴ񣿡
ҴʳԽû˸ҵҴ壬ǵһ֪һʶܹսʤھҲʵ飡
ǱףԭıΪ֮һɣ
ҪľǰӣһĴӦԼӵıȶһоͺ˵ˣ
ȻλĹھǶԳƱƺӦҵİɣ׿Ǳ
ಣ
һɫ׵ķ˹ȥ
ǱǶԳҲ޷۾ô޽ھ
ҵĹھҪ𣿡ЦһȻǴѾҪ̶ȣôҲֻ÷㵽ˣ
ãǱ㿪ʼɣ֮
Ǳ˵ӿֳ޾ɱʵ˸оһĺ⣡
֮Ǳ㻹ǲҪһҲǷŭ˵Ǵеˣ
׿ǱҲһϣܹ˵㻰򡭡
ôߣӮ˲˵ɣ
Ǳֶӿȥǳᡣ
ڴǣھǸ׼һ
еڶױҪһܹߣһָͷˣ˿¶ᱻģ
岩״ӦˣҲǳСӣһҪ㳢һʲôζ




1895Ӧս
 

䳡ڣ
˲̣ʳⲻҪȴõڳ˵һ»
ЩʵǶһεĶڸоǳı
ƵǣΪʳδĵۺѧԺһˮ
ȻҲˣ
ڶʳһλĴΪ
δ̫δĵۺ
Ȼ˴ܻʳôʳǰˣ
Ϊ˿ǲԭµģֱǱѰ
ǷŭǣһͷβһָͷûжȻӮһεı
һЦ
λʷûгֹôǱأ
ԭ˼һΪһεĹھӦǷǴʳĪȴˡ
ܻʳʳ֮ԭһľ棡
ֻɹûĶֶѣϻ߰ĽȴӲͣЪ
һλڴʳĻʳǴǽеλ
ʳôˣôܲ뾡취ֲˣ
ҲΪʲôǱ᲻ҪԼĶ岩Ҫһˡ
ߣһﻹ󰡣ҵҪǴܻʳǲôĺˣ
ǣһָͷҪǴԭǵĹھҿƨأ
Ǹˮǿǵ̫ôأ
ˣ̫ӵŭˣҾ֪̫ӵͽɻʾڣһ͵ɣ
һҪŪһǴʳ˿ɶ˰
±һ飬ܶ˶ߵĿףǷǳҪ
ʵľͬ
ʵѾû̫ĹˣϾȻ죬˼վǹھ
ֲ˼Ǵʳģһڶ˶ˣ
ʵˣҲ޻˵
ֻ岩Բ˵ſ οԼһֱϲŮҪ˵ڸˣ
Ϊ̫ӣںεأ
Ψлɽһ·ǱɱŶ֮޵ļһ
ֳǲĳް
ة꿴ųеƣҲɫһһף
ԼΪĵˮ񣬾Ȼʱˣ
оûеطˣ
˿̣׸岩Ѿǳͻ𣬶ҲϹˣ̵ףΪһλĹھսҴӵ£
ǲڲսǴҪƤĲҪˣ
׿Ÿ֮꣬ҲǼ̣
һ̣Щһ䲻ģͼͨķʽ棡
ֻ׵ֲм֮ѾԱˣ
Ҳ֪Ǵ߲򣬽ǶҪɵ뿪ˡ
Ȼ˵ĻҲٸκεϣˣ
ҪɱԼ
ǾҪľ岩ʳսһʯ
ߣھҲ
ɫȻΪة࣬ȻǺڵ˵ɰ׵ģһҲġ
׿Ÿ㵽ֹ
ˣ˾͸¿ļͷһ˻һ·
岩һ֮оȻһ˿֮⣬ǰ˵
һԵˮ岩ЦһѾλĹھˣôǲ˵㻰
ˮ񣬱һƬģû뵽Ȼô岻ҲΪҴ̫Ҹ㣬ӮҲҪΪΪۣ
岩һƬĿˮʵ֮лһĲᣡ
ϾϲôʱŮˣϣˮܹתġ
ˮ¶һ˿ЦݵϲˣȻǶصˣֳ֮Σ֮ˣ㲻䣡

һƬ֮ˮⷬǳ׵Ľ׺岩ˣ
˿һ̾ǲݵľˣ
㡭㡭
岩ˮһشҵ߻أ϶һ˿ŵɫ
ԭһֱΪˮҲϲԼģֻԼ̫ӵݣ˼Ҳһ£
ôҲû뵽Ů˾ȻŴ峼˵һ֮
׿һ۸Цة࣬ҵ㻹ûлشأǲǵ㵽Ϊֹ
ôǵ㵽Ϊֹأ
Цһ˿ҲûκεĹ˼ˣˮĵҪһˡ
ʱǴ뿪ǵĻô۳֮УʳҲΪһЦˡ
ȻˣӦսֻ岩ɸǩ״
׿岩򵭵˵ν״ʵҲûκεô
֤ݣ
ʱǴʳĿסǵĻô״֤ݣ
£ȻǲΪӪ
֪ǸѾûκλĿˣһЩʱĻô
Ȼɹ֮УȻҪʱʳ֪Ҫٵ۶أ
岩˿̣ŭһ࣬״




1896̨
 

ǱųУüͷҲǽ
ԼĶȻĺܣһȴԼĶǩʲô״
һѲĲ
ֻǱƣһڵļһʲôʸԼĶӴһ̨أ
Ÿó״ԼĶӸԼӡҲǩԼĴ
иǺɲ
ǩǱγˣ
ǿ֮ˣҲûа취ֹ˵ľˡ
״һǩ
Ǳǲݵľ棡
˵ֻһ̨ܹ߳һ֪ԼʵԼĶӣǩˣ
ǱɵӣһǸоʲôԾĵطˡ
δֹǳκε⣬ʵԿֹġ
״ǩݣ
Ŀףûг岩ķ򿴡
֪岩ʵģɻʾڵʵǿǱˮҪ߳һЩġ
ɣñλĹھʲô£
岩˿һĳ죬ľɱһ
ҲǼ򵥵һ֮ǧе֡
岩УѾ˲֪ٵķĥףҪˮһ֮أ
ˮЩǵĿ׵ҪҪȻɣ
׼Ůˣˮ񱾹㣬Ǹǩ״ɲ㣡
岩еĶʻû뵽ˮȻԸΪһ̨
ûһ̣ôı
ûһ̣ôҪɱһˣ
ˣɹļŭԼ
ݸһЦû£ĻɫϹһС
ţǡСĵ㣡
ˮʮֵţȻҲһﵽΪʲô
ѡףΪӡУ״ûǽʧ
䣡
岩ζҪըˣһģûˣϽ
˵꣬һѾǳ̨֮ϣ
ˮһ໺ȥѾǶ˼ˣ˵ĿȴδǱߣ
ʱ˵Ŀ궼ѾǼ׸岩ϣ
ˮˣҲǾȵͷܿ㰲
֪Ϊʲôһ̣ĸӵİˡ
̨
岩Ʒɽд޾ɱ⣡
ֻȴһ̣ҪʼıΪˡ
ಣ
׵ҲǻƮ䵽̨֮ϣҲǶһƷɽ
նɽʱó
Ͼɽ˶ӣ׻ǿǵķǳȫġ
꿴ųУһȵʼ
䣡
岩ξʧ׵ĸǰ֮һȵڿըѿ
һɱУ岩ȥҲʮֵļ
Ʈѩ
岩Ŀȳĸ֣ţĽѩ׷һ㣡
ԳľȻǿѧȴҲ
ʥϣû뵽̫ӵ¾ȻҲܹʩչƮѩ˲ð
ǰ޼ǵǿǴʥϵĳѧɣ
Ʈѩ޿̹ģû޲ĹСӿ϶ûϷˣ
һʼûоСӻʲôϷǳ飡
岩ոһ̨֮ʣļһʳĵ۾ѾǸǱ
Ǳ΢΢һЦλ۾ȿô°ɣʵֻ˵ԡ
Ȼô˵ȴ͸һӵĿ֮ɫ
û˵Ÿոտʼô˵ĳ𣿺ߣ
֣ø޿һЩɱ޷飡ǱЦһ
Цߣ˶˵ĻʳҲҪ޸
ⳡ̨֮ںúõĸʣ
ǱмĿһ֣һҪ뿪ǣ
ȻˣûдٸܻʳκεĻᣬȻ֮Ѿǽ˽ϵ״̬
ֻܶ˲֪ѣóսҲý˳׵ڴǣ
У
ĽѾ׵Χϵըѿ
ɻʾVS𾳳ڣ
ԭһûκıֻ˾Ҫ׵ôģ
ݣ
׵ĸǰ޴Ľ䳡ڲϵĴһײ
䳡ɣɻʾڵĹҲûκεĴ󰭣
һĵطѾǱΪƽˣ
ȥɣ
岩͸һЩĿɿڴӣҲһɱ֮⣡
ļһȻҸԼа壿ȻҸԼǩ֮Լ




1897ǿѹ
 

䣡
׵Χը죬һŽ·Ҫһ㣡
ȥʮֵĺˣ
ˮһͣг˺Ȼ֮ɫ
鿴ˮ΢΢һЦİɩӣһﲻʦĶ֣
ļٵİǡǼһɻʾڵĸְ飡
ˮĻŽɵĿ
һԵֿЦŵҿʥӦӮˣ
ǣʥϣ
ˮһͷˮĿǰ֮ˣҲһȦӡ
ЦŵɩӣԺڸͣǱȻǲݵľ棬£ֱӽ֮бɣ
áðɣ
ˮһ֣Ҳжһ£
Ͼǻһ֮ҲڵʱŲǣ
˵Ŀⶼ̨֮ϣ岩ɱķĳܶ˶˷ܵĻȭͷ
һоͱ̫ӵ¸ɱˣ
һΪһе㾪ϲأǸɫ
治֪ôõھģǹʺ˰
ɲզأ챻̫ӵôһŪҪֳԭˡ
´ĳǽ¶ЦݣǿһӦþʬˡ

Ѿûκεķ̻ˣ
ǱҲ¶һ˿Цݣԭ֮еһĨǣ׾ӵıֶ̩Ȼ֮
һԵĸҲѾЦŵϲ¡
ֻǵ⹧ϲĸֻû˵óڵʱ򣬳еѾʼ仯ˣ

һ׵Χ˳һɳɱҲǰ׵ĳıǿ
ʲô⡭ôܣ
ո˵꣬ǵͷеʱ۾ɵϴ
ǰһĻƺЩţ
ֻһ
ֱӼԼǿɱУ̨֮У
һĨĽɫռҲѾӿ岩
֮
׵֮һ̴һƬռ֮У岩ƺоԼжЩ⣡
֪һеô£
ˣ
Դ֮иоһתŵĿǰȻϵף˴ľ
һȻסԼɱУҿʼˣ
岩֮пʼѡ˷ֻ׵ֻһҪܹס
ֻһһֻأ
Ժ䳡֮ƺǿϢϢ𺳡
˿׵ı仯ɵˣ
ֻһʱ䵹ֺƲ׺ɣ
һɻɬϢĴ׵ð˳һ˲䣬оԼ·Ϳһ㣡
¶һ˿ȻЦݣĿ絶һֱָ岩򣡣
֮䣬һǿĽӰ׵
ѹȣ

겻
ָ岩һһĨɫ
һﺦˣȻˣ
ǵɫĽӰĳԼķնɱȻ˷һ㣡
䣡
ǵӰ岩Ϊģмһ⣬֮䣡
һ˲䣬ƺ
ɢȥ
һһ̨룬ٿ岩ѾǵѣһϢ̨֮ϣ
ǱĿɿڴĿǰһУһӾȻԼҪʲô
ԭΪԼĶɻʾڵʵܹѹס
һЩʵɾԲܶԼĶɶ˺
֮У
ΪƺоԼĶɢȥһ־Ŀ־壡
岩֮ǲʡ־Ǳֱ׼볡У
ֻһ룬Ѿۼֹֿˣ
ߣʥĪҪ̨ɣɽĹأ̨ݣԼģҪڲɣ㵱ΪǴܻʳ۸ɣ
ҲŭˣһҲ̫Ҫˣ
ѲɾΪĶӣΥ
Ҫˣ˭Ҳܽȥ̨
岩ҪˣǴʳͿԽȥĻǴܻʳһûˡ
֣ޣ޽㣡
ǱᣬҪȥԼĶӣɱ˸ǰ
һʱЩסˣ
Цһʳ䣬޾޿ܿǴʳ֮ǴܻʳѧԱǴǱ裡
ţ
Ǳŭһ˿ΧѾǳλɻʾĸ֣
б
Ǳԭûд˻뿪ţҲŭˣ
һʱ䣬Ȼ˷磬ֱЩ˶ˡ
ֿЦһǴʳȻҰģȻҪӺޣΪǳصˣ
Ȼ֮䣡
ֵҲǳλɻʾĸ֣Ȼǰǣôûκε׼أ
䳡ڣһƬž
һƺ̫죬ǶоһĿϾӣ




1898³˺
 

ʳʹܻʳһ̣˺ˣ
ֻһЩĪ
Ͼʳ˺ԭģΪ۾ĶӸ˼̨

Ӿȶӻпԭģ
ܻʳǾ벻ˣܻʳڴʲôְ
Ҫ֪ǿڴʳĳǣʳνռʱ˺ͣ
ֻҪЭһ£ôʳ׵ìܽˣ
ʵʳʹܻʳҲ̫ģ˸һ
ɴܻʳĵ۾ȴûѡôѡǿΪ޴һ
Ѳܵ۾˲ɣ
Ϊ˱ȫһھȻϧ֮ǿĴʳս
һԵļλ۾ҲǿĿɿڴȻû뵽ջᷢչһز
Ͼǲ͵ģʱʳҪնɱֵĻôҲΪĵˡ
һʱֱ𣬿¾ֵ˰ɣ
Ȼ⼸۾֮ǰǱЭ飬ôҲû뵽Ǳ˵ļ
ټʳһελ˶Ǵ˿ҲҲǣҲǣ
ѲҪ͵ʳ֮У
ɲҪĽ
ȻǵҲҪܻʳǾ̲ܻʳĿˡ
ֻǴܻʳ𣬿Ҳֻôʳӵǿˡ
ʱʳ⣬ܲܺȵҲǸδ֪أ
ǡǸ׾Ȼô
ǡǰû뵽Ȼսʤ̫ӵ£ֱֱ̫˰
Ǽһڵʵ֡ôôǿ󰡣
ҡҴʳܻʳ²ݰһ̫ˣ
˿̺ܶ˶ǳڵϵ岩ȥǵ֮׷ף
ӶˣҲˣ
˵Ƕ˶ˣʳκһ˿ľ¶оƵģ
Ҳ򲻹Ҳ
˼ռأǻ˵ʲôأ
岩Ӯףʱô˵ԣڴδĵ۾񻹲֪ǻأ
ǱǱ߶ţܶѾȻ׼ˣ
Ŀսʱǵˣ
һߣ
³СһһֱУǿ챻Ѫˣ
岩ɵȱ⣬Ȼϣѹһϣ
ֻǸоֵǣ׾Ȼô
һӦԼʵȻ֪һﵽʲô취ǾǽԼҲɻȥˣ
һѪһ³ˣ
ȻӮˣҲ̾һȻ㬵뿪ˣ
ʳɲȥͣҲͲ
ֻܹ׵ļһ˲źãĶʮƷʯͲøˣ
ǺȻ䷢֣ûԼô򵥣
ÿһо׿ҪеʱȴһЩĶڰ
һжһƺõģֻܹ㱨۳ˡ
ڶʮڵƷʯǶҪ
Ȼˣʱһܲиܣˡ
̨֮ϣ
˵ĿⶼǱֵϣƺ
Ǳֳ֣㵱ҪҹȥҶи̵ĻǴܻʳҪһᣡ
ǺǣǱҲ̫ˣҵҪһôǴܻʳģ
ҲЦһһڱ֧֣
ҲǴﵽһ㣡
ǱɨΧļ۾λܻʳҴҰǸλնɱ֣޵ʱλͬϷִܻʳ
ͬϷ֣ƭƭСǿԵģΪС𣿴ʳҰģ̲Ҵܻʳǵһɣ
ڿɲЩҲɵӣȻһ͸
ȷ˵һǴܻʳ𣬵ʱʳͻֹͣǵĲ
һܻʳĹ뵽ʳ֮УʱʳǸӵıǿ׳
ʥϣǴ֮ĶԹҵȲǹμλġ
һ۾ǱҲ¶һ˿΢Ц
Ҳ΢΢ͷѾԼľ
̵ְ
ôǳԵĵǻ᲻
ǴʳʹܻʳĿսˣʱǸл᣿
ֵЩҪľ⼸˲֣ʳҪסѶȾͱ൱Ĵˣ
Ǽλ۾ͬıǵĹ۵㣡
ǱһԵĸ࣬ɱף֣Ǳк
Ǳ㻹ûаʲôİŭһ
Ҳû뵽ǱȻҵô˵棬˵Ļ
׻ĿǱ޲壬ĲΪˣǱĶӱǽ³
δ䣬岩֮дһ֮
䳡ʧˣѪ䳡
ǱԭѾᵽ׵񣬴˿ӿֳŨصɱ⣬һӵɱ




1899»ս
 

׹ӿ
һʱ䣬Ѫ֮ζѾǳѧԺ
ͻıʣúܶ˶ûκε׼˿䳡ΧܶѾɢȥ
ȡ֮ȴǴʳΪĻһӣţ
һɱ֮Ϯ
ǱԼΪһӽߣѾʧȥģ
˺αװ
ֻһĿģǱ֮أ
Ѿǳ嵽˸̨֮ϣɫأҲû뵽ᷢչز
һֵȷֱ̫ɱ岩
ɱҪôκε֮ͬأ
һ
׵Ŀ͸һӵȻ֮ɫʳĵ۾˺ʮվһԿʼս
ǵ˵Цƺ²ؼ߸߹
ҵɱƺֹһ㣡
ڵ¹ţǺڳڵɱһ㣡
˿̣Ǳź֮һ˳׵ķɱ
ɱ֮𣬲죡
ֿ׵ķһףϽߣ
΢ֵۣʥϣͻΧɣסǣ
Բѣ޽յҪжͣ
Ǳ˿бһҪԼնȥԼɥ֮ʹ
Ӱ죡
ǱӰδѾǳ׵ķϮ
һɿ񱩵ĽҲ¶һĨ֮ɫһʵȷǺǿ
ֻǣǿΣ
飬ס
ЦһǱΪԼкֲɣ
һĨҪִ׵ĸǰһɸΪǿĽѾǳϮɱ
ֻһĨķ򲢷ףǱ
ԭӰѾǵִ׸ǰǱڸܵǿĽ֮Ҳŵһˣ
ѾЩˣ
Ľ磬ֱǳǱкȥ
䣡
޴ĺ쳹䳡һЩ֮ԭ׼ֵġ
񿴵۾׵ĸǰԱҲŵò֨ˣһĻǿʵЩ̫һЩ
Ӱֵ˵ĸǰǱ΢΢һЦȻҶҼʦ磬㻹ʸ񣡡
㡭˭
Ǳɫһ䣬ͻıҲɫѿ˼㣡
飡
NɪĿ˿Ǳȥͦ˵ģ
ôû˵
ǱһıƣЩһﵽǴðģ
һССȻܹƥеսʵЩ˰
ֲףһԭĵ۾
֮ǰǸһԳ޵ʱɻѣڿһж͵ͨˡ
ֻΨһЩͲͨľһô˵ǿ
ѾûκεʱǱԥˣǽסЩˣȵǻصܻʳĻ½͸ˣ
ǰ˵ʵٸԼ࣬ϡĸоԼҪǿһЩ
ֶս
һһʽͿԿֵĲͬˣ
ղһУѾǱ֮⡣
ֻʹǲܵ飡
Цһ޽ҪȢˮ˭ҪǱǸΪУǱ޲Ը˺ȴƫƫʶʱ񣡡
Ȼ
׵һϯúܶڳͣսĴʳĳҲ𾪲ѣ
һʳĵ۾һﾹȻ˵Ļ
ֱǲ֪ôд
һ˵ȴ˸о񲢷ôͻأ
һССĵ۾ҵŭȻʳ۾
һǹĵһ˰
Ǳ׿Ц˼ǹ񣬾ڲͬɱҴ̫ӣ޾Բǻ뿪
ǺǣҪޣǱҪûˣ
ҲǲʾֱʳʮλɻʾںڵĸֱӽʮΧס
Ȼ˫ʱѷֲ٣ʱˣǳսʱֵ˻ҲԲ
׻ʱʵڲеĻҲ뿪ߣ
ֻڻûеɽˮĵزѣ
ڳɱĵ۾һңܻʳͿԴݹ֮ƣɶԴʳĺΧˣ
޹ҴӦˣմܻʳ֮ˣһ
Ǳдһ˿֮⣡
ãʥĪҪԼ˵Ļķ¾
һԶվƶ֮ϣȴַ·ߡ
ֻķ¾⼸֣׵Ҳ΢΢ü
䣡
Ǳδ֮ʣ䳡ĸ䣬Ȼ֮䴫
˲䣬䳡ڴһŨҵɱ⡭




1900ǿϮ
 

ķ¾
׺վǱ߻һۣ
˿ֵѾǱʳ֮˸䳡֮Уǽ䳡һ̣
˶˵䳡棬ֻ´ܻʳһ˵У
Ǳʲôָһ£
ֲʲôķ¾ķ¾ģûе£
Ǳѿһ˿Ũҵɱ˵֣ԭҪһ·ֻϧϧôڣǴܻʳ˾ͺúһɱ¾ζɣ
䳡֮У
һɱŰĽֵƵƵü
ΪǶ֪׷ʲô飿
ֻǸ̨֮ϣǱȴһȥʮҵӣֻĴȴ𾪲ѣ
۳Ĺٷ
ǷǳĺģҴһĴԲͣ
Ʒٷ
֮Ϊ޹ӵļһﵽ˭Ϊʲôڴʳ
֯
ԭ䳡ѾǱһΧһǿ谭֮
κҪ䳡֮߳ȥҲøΪصĴۣۻ
ֻķ¾ƺδʽΪֻǸоһŨҵɱȴδоκεĲʣ
ʦ磬Ȼķ¾󣬶۳о󣬷ɻʾǿ߲ʩչ
ĻȻ򵥣һԵֵѾһɾκˣ
ʲôɻʾڲʩչ
ѲɴʳȻɻʾڵǿߣ
Ƕ۳оս˵˴
ܹ۳ǣϹϵģǾǲСﰡ
ɫ˵磬۳й涨ֻʳɣ
Ĵ۳Ĺ涨ôڣ۳֣Щʳʥɵ۳ȴûйʹһ䣡
̵ͷ۳ǲֵĻ´ˣ
Ĵ۳Ѿγ˹ʶǿĳʳţǲŻԳ֣
ҲѸµ֣Բڱ͵͵
һλŶ۳ԱεӣͻȻվ߶Դܻʳ֣ⱾͷǳΣ
ٺ٣ļһﵹǶǶ۳ĹضĲ٣ֻǱһο˽ģοֻҪɱǣ۳ΪһССﱾ𣿹
Ǹ޹ӵˣȥһսթӣ
Ǳһ޹ӣǶ۳ة֮ӣССĴܻʳҴ޹ӵ鷳ձǵڣ
ةࣿ
뺧Ȼ֮ɫĶͷҲ¶
ôҲû뵽ʳ֮Ȼܹ͵۳ǣϹϵⲻǳô
޹ӿ΢΢һЦֻܹĲʱ򣬱ӿûеǴܻʳȥɱ˷ŻֻʳʥҰæ˶ѣƺûΥ۳Ĺذɣ
޹ӣҴܻʳ޹Թ޳Ϊζ֣ǴʳܹӦ飬Ҵܻʳһ
֪Ǳʲôŵ޹Ӳġ
ɵʲôĳŵܹ۳ة֮ӾȻΪһʳأ
Ҫ֪۳ة֮ӣҲһ֮֮ϵף
ʳ˭ǵսľģ
޹¶һ˿Цݵ˼ܻʳҵ֮УҲǴ޼ҪˣԽ죬ֻˣ
ߣǴ޼ͼңҪвɵ۵Ļλˣ
ԭһֱδ˵ϸϸһ֮󣬱һЩ
뷨ֻ²ѣ˿̣䳡˶ѾǱ˳ȥ
޹ƺҲ
˼ɣǱͼ
ȻѾǵ۳ة֮ӣ˼ɵĻֻжɵۻ߶۳Ļˡ
ô飬Ȼ϶йأ
ټղ˵ܻʳ벻ķֻۣ˵һ㣬ټʵǿĻʳͼıʲô£
ǹֺزأ
Ҳ˸ղ˵Ĳ²⣬ֻĻոѿڶǸմ޵ĹӺǱѾ˫˫ɫˣ
޹ӿ¶һ˿ЦݵСС֣Ĳܹ㰡һ飬󷨣
䣡
Ŵ޹ӵһϯķ¾Ѿˣ
׿Ǵ޹¶һ˿Ȼ޵Ҫǵʲôıƣ󣡡
ƾˣҪƿҵķ¾ҿʡʡɣԹԵȥǺ
޹ӿһף֮дһĨ޾ĳ֮ɫ
ʳ֮Ҫƽķ¾󣿼ֱǳ˵Σ
󷨣ʲô
ǿǿʶ˵ʶܸλɻʾ۷ǿأ




1901±
 

䳡ڣ
Ŵʳʮλɻʾĸվķ¾֮ϣѾˣ
Ǵ޹ӴһӣԭЩƺָ½γʮͬķλ
ÿһλһλɻʾڵǿ
൱ʮλɻʾںڵǿЧڲϵĵţ
ͨԼʯγһޱȵĽ
ÿһһλɻʾڸֵһ
˵ÿһ֮˵ϵģ
ӵʮλɻʾڵĸ֣Σ
ֻҪ󷨲ƣǾǵ֮ˣ
ķ¾
ܹΪ۳Ϊǿо󷨣Ȼģ
ݣ
֮ڣһŰĽѾǳϮ
ֱὣ𣬳ǵݺݵ˹ȥ
Ȼ赲סǵΪľ޴ҲǱӲҵǵʯ֮ϣ
¡
ײʯ֮ʯƺǳļ֮ͦһ˿Ѫ
ôܻʳĵ۾
֮УһУ˲֮أ
֪󷨣Ƕôǿˣ
ʡ
ʥϡ
һΧȥ˿˽¶ɫ
Ǹղһǿ赲ǻ˵Ļôôһأ
⡭⽣Ҳֲ̫˰ɣ
Ĩһ˿Ȼ֮ɫǾ
ȷǾ֮飡
ԼĸʣɻʾڵǿߣҲһбӣ
أ
׵мֵܹһӣҲǵֵѣ
º֧ܿˣ
һͣƣʾ˲Ҫţ޷ʲôķ¾ǹĺܰ
ֵֻ֮нǿһĨ֮ɫ
ûʳ۾һ̾ȻҲЩʧأ
֪ķ¾Ŀֲˣ
鿴˿֣¶һ˿Ȼʥ֪ķ¾Ƕ۳󷨣Ƕ۳ĺһǲ֪󷨵õġȻ˵ûƭˡ
ǰ۳֮Уܹ֪󷨵ˣԶ۳
Ҳ¶һ˿΢ЦȻνķ¾
ֿ׵ܣӦô죿
ܣ
֮⣬˶ĿɿڴĿֺף
ʲôʱ˰
ף˿˶һĤݵĸо
λʥԼûпȻΪʥϵĶܣȻǲͬ찡
Ҳ֪˼ƾĿʵ
նɱɻʾڵĴ̫岩˼ʵĻ֮£
ֻ˱ѾûӳȥĿ˰
׿¶һ˿磬ķ¾Ҳɻʾڵǿ߲ܹʹãղմ޵ûĶ֣Ӳղһ¡
ȥҲǰ취Ʋ󷨣½ľͽ˰
Ҳ΢΢һ̾ԭҪ״ɱķأ
ڵľ棬̸ʲôɱķܹӳѾ˰
׳а취ƿǵ󷨣ֻҪһЩʱ䣡
ʲôа취
ַ·ǿϣһ㣬֮еĻ²ʱǿ϶ǱʳҲʣˣ
΢΢ͷʱλֿݴָӾˣ⽣ûжܵİ취ҵʱֿݴƶķߣҺʦ縺ƿ󡭡
л
ֳֿݹ֣Ȼֿݸоһ㣬֪ǰ˵ʵԲ֮£
ֿҪͷ֮ʣһǿĽǵķϮ
ֿݵȻһЦ֮󣬱ͣ
ֵҲѧȻǶ㿪һ
˿̣Ĵ޹ӺǱЩסˡ
޹ӣ⡭ǾȻܹ㿪
ȻǴ˿˵Ľ̸ǵȴܹһ
Ȼи֣ûпɻʾڶѣȻܹ㿪ķ¾Ĺ
޹ӵ¶һ˿Цݣƺ⣡
˿ȥһķƵ
ǱЩļʵ޹ӣǲߵĻǿɾͱ˰
ǺǣӣӣûǱɣ֮飬㿼ǵôˣ
޹ӵĿһǱ¶һ˿ζЦݣ
ǱŴ޹ӣЩ΢΢޹ӣҡѾӦˣ㻹ң




1902´޼Ұ
 

Ժĸ̨֮ϣ
޹һȻĿ·ķ¾ڹӲд
ѹҲûзУ˽Σ
ƾʵЩҪҲôļ򵥣
Ȼ˶ķ¾ڽķֻǿպʱѣ
ĵ֮Ҫʳ̸Լ飡
ˣʱǻǻһ仰
޹ӵ˵ҪĿɲ̬ȣʳҴ޼ҵĹ˳
޹ӣо仰֪ʲʡ
Ǳɫ¶˳֮ɫлЩצĵĸо
޹ӹԭֻ֪ͨԼԳƱ飡
Ϊֻѭһѣ
ôҲû뵽Զֹôļ򵥣
ⶫԳƱһӣĿľȻҪģ
Ǽ򵥵ģǱȻҲǻˬĴӦ
Ͼӵһ۳ةΪǴʳԺڶ۳Ǻ
ֻô򵥣Ҳôľˣ
޹һ䣬Ǳʰɣ
֪޹ִҪҵѪΪΣǲԵɣС
Ǳ֪һѪԼͲǴ޼ҵ£ūˣ
˵ʳеԴԺǴ޼ҵԴˣ
޹ӵ˵ԭǲ˵ģȻˣǸкηΪǴ޼֮ˣԺȴ³ˣǴ޼ȻѪ
£ʲô£
Ǳ֪һ֪֮Ӧ㲻ܻţ
ҪȥȻȥ֮ѾûκεĻͷ·ˡ
޹ӿһǱҪ֪
޹ӣѾӦ㣬ǱԺǴ޼֮ˣôҶҪ֪޹ӵҪʲô£
ǱҲǼеʵȴоԼһԨ
޹ӵһЦ۳߰ٶˣʱӦøĳˣ
ʲô
Ǳɴ۾Ŵ޹ӣг˺Ȼ֮ɫ
ĳ
һʳĳ˵ʵûʲô˵ġ
ͷʳĸĳȻôƵȴҲеģͱ˵ڵĴܻʳ
ʳϣܹΪܻʳˣ
۳ĸĳǾǷʬѪɺӰ
ֻ޼˵Ļأ
Ǳ𾪲ѣ˿ѾЩ˵ˡ
޹ӵдһĨɱԭҪȵѪ֮ڸģ̫һЩȻѾزҪôҪôѾûе·ѡˣǴ޼ҵĴ£ԲòԼ֪ġһӦñɣ
ǡ
ǱĶͷǺ飬оһ֮·
ǿĶ۳˵ĳ͸ĳģ
ǲܵ飡
˵ǲܵ飬Ǵ޼ǿҲǶ۳һةѣ
Ҫ۳ĵ۾Կʸ
޹Цһ֪ЩʲôǴ޼ûʮİգǻᶯ𣿡
޹ӣɵǿɽĳǿ߰
Ǳ˵ôһ䣬ʵѾǱһĨĵ֮ɫ
ȷ޼ʵ˷˼
ԭǱ²⵽ЩͬѰĻʵǸоһ㣡
ȡ۳֮λǿ찡
޹һЦİɣɵѾ춫۳ܾˣҴ޼ҼΪ۳ϹᣬɵͷʲôأȴǶɵ۵Ĳ
޹˵ة飿
ǱŴ޹ӵʵȻֻǻʳģɶڵ۳ҲЩоġ
ⶫ۳ǧǰͻȻةְλȻ޼һռةְλةʵϱ֮ةλҪ߳һЩ
ѾǴ˶ɵ۶ڴ޼Ѿɵˣ
ߣЩͲҪҲ²ˣֻҪľǳΪҴ޼֮˱ɣԺٻԲġ
޹ӵ˵ղ͸¶ɵ۵飬ʵϾΪ˸Ǳģ
ǱȻ֮ˣɵ⼸ֵʱƺҲһ
Ͼһ޼ңܶԸ۳
Ǳͷ޹ӷģһᾡľة˵ģ
޹ӵ˵ĿǰҪľʱȴҵϢɣ
õģ޹ӣ˾Բ
Ǳų׵ˣ͸һӵĺ֮ɫ
޹ЦһǾûлŵȨһССĻʳ۾ѣɱ˱ɱˣ
ֻǵʱüͷѾ
һɲŵɫѾչ¶ţ
Ϊķ¾ĳƺһҡҡ׹




1903²аĴ޹
 

ķ¾ڣ
׺鲻ϵıΣʵҪҵʵ̫ˣ
ֻ֮жһĨǣ
ǲǱˣǰλ֪ðĴ޹ӣ
֪˴޹ӵ۳ة֮ӣǾԿģ
Ҫ֪۳ة࣬ǿһλɵۼǿߣ
׺ʵҪԿɵۼǿɾǳ
ĿĻҪʳŤ
ǽɽŶ೤ʱ䣿
飬ҲֻܹǿնɱǱĸֶѣ
޹ˣҲֻܵķˣ
޹ӵĳ֣׺Ҳһĺ󼹱ҪǱϣԺûкӹ˰
ƿףɳȥ֮ô죿
׺飬һҪӳ죬¶Ƿǳѣ
ϾɻʾڵǿߣٶȻ涼ǿԱġ
ʦ磬ȫ֮Уʣµ齻Ҿˣ
͸һɼᶨ֮ɫ˵ʵʵҲûжģ
飬㲻ҪܣǸմ޵ĿɻʾڵǿߣҶĶ֣
΢΢ҡͷԺ֮вϵţ
ڵҪһ֮Ϊ۵Ļôʵ̫ˡ
һ뵽ߣ׵ҲǼڸʱ䣬ǰһɱ֮
ڣҲܹնɱһλɻʾڵǿߣ
˵ǰλɻʾڵǿˣ˵ɻʾڵǿߣҲ뿪˵ġ
ȻʶΪǿ󣬿ǿʵҲҪʵϲǣ
ʦ磬Ӧ֪ҵʶѹǰһֻҪˣҪ׷Ҳ̫ܵġ
Ȼ֪Ǳأ׳
ԥһûʱˣ˵Ļʱ϶ˣΨһİ취סȻ£
ڿҲֻôˣ
׵ͷȥĻʱ򲻵Ǹ޹Ӳ飡
¾ԼҲжˣ
ʶţַ֮ǰȷԲˬ
ɽ֮вҪ֮࣬Ҹղ׵һѾǸ޹˱ɱ֮ġ
һƴֵĻǿ¾Ҫòʧˡ
ûᣬʦ磬ǵҳȥ֮̽У
׼ᣬĳһһ
ķ¾ʱҡβѣһ޴ڴ˳
ԭ󷨸֯ĺ޷϶ķ¾һ̳һСڣ
죬ҳ
׼һܿһӰ
¡
ԭķ¾һ̷·һ㣬ֻҪһ۱ƣϾ͵󷨶ʧЧˣ
޹ӺǱǾ㵵ĿǰһУ
Ǵ޹ӣͶųһOͣȥôţ
žž
һƵӴ޹ӵддһ˿Ȼƿҵķ¾˹Ŀ࿴ϧˡ
ߣ޹ӦҲƴưɣҿصҹҵĶľźˣ
׿Ŵ޹ӣҲ̽Եʵ
ʵϣڵ˵ҲǺ޲ֱնɱǰ˲źá
ʵ㰡
˶ԸԸʳ˵ǿԵģǸǰλ۳ة֮ȵĻǲܵģ
ǱŭһҪģˣ
޹ӵϲһ˿ȷķ¾ӹĿ࿴Ҳ
ƾ㣿
ʶŴ޹ӵķѹȥ˵ƶȻһ䣡
֮˽ûиܵǿʶѹǴ޹Ѿɫͻ䣬ȻǱǿѹһ
㡭Ǻˣ
޹ӿ飬ֵ֮ȴһĨ֮ɫ
鸺ֶһɣߣˣֵõָֻţϽʧɱҡ
㡭㵽˭ǰͽ̡
޹ӵĸѹȣоһ֣һʵǿᣬհͶˡ
߸ԼƤ
Ŀһ۴޹ӣһЦ㻹֪
ߣ˶۳ة֮ӣΪƾҪȥοһҪ֪֪㵽ǲǼٵģ
޹Ϊ۳ة֮ȻǼʶ㡣
˵һЩǿת֮ʶΪǿ󣬿ʵȴǳһ㣡
ǰ֮˵Ļȫͽ͵ͨˣ
Ͼڴ޹ӱ˵˷·ǵһ㣬Բ»ڵġ
Ҫ֪޼Ҫıλһɵ֪Ļô޼ҵ³жôĲýֺͷһ֪ˡ
ԡ
ʵ֮лЩ鰡ĶֵĻûĶ֣
ֿݣ֣ҲһĶ֣
Ψһİ취ֻܹһҪһﲻϵĻǻûа취ˣ
ٻǲаһʶǿ֮ˣǲҲһǿ᣿浱ɵӲɣ
޹ӲδϵĻֱ׵˵ĳ˹ȵף
Ϫû뵽㾹Ȼһʳ˹Ŀ࿴
׵Ҫһս֮ʣһ˳




1904
 

֮У
ӰȥƮݣ
Ϊ֮ɴ棬ֻȥһЩĸо
ϪҲǶ۳ة֮ӣ˳ķȻعͷȥ˵ʱҲסˣ
θɣû뵽Ƽҵ˻޿ײ밡
ȻϪô˵ȴѾĴߣҲĨһ˿־֮ɫ
ǰ֮ˣҲЩп಻
ôҲû뵽۳˴֮һƼ峤Ȼط
׿ԶӰҲǳһ
û뵽쾹ȻߣһʱҲЩסˣ
˿ϪЦһߣȥʲôطѲɻҪָֻ𣿡
޹أҴ޼ƼҲ̫ľȥӿԵʲô鶼ûз
ϪɫأôҲ벻طƼҵˡ
ɺϣ
Ψɺϲܹ͵ͨˣ
Ƽ֮ô͵֮أ
ڳ֮˳׺黹ˮ֮⣬Ҳû֪ˡ
ʵҲû뵽ȻôִߣԭΪȵصܻʳŻء
ɴ΢΢һЦ޹ƺҶ۳ĹأƼΪ۳һӣȻˣȻҲԹۣ
ߣʳĵ۾Ǳӵĺѣѣҳƺûвװɣ
ϪɫĿڸҶ
Цһ۳Ĺأʳ֮۳֮˲֣Ƕ޹˵ǰ𣿡
㵽ʲô˼
ϪȻ֪Ϊʲôߣ֪ƼҲʲôǵ
ҪıƼҸϵĻԺеķˣ
ҿûʲô˼ֻѭɵƶĹضѣҿԵʲôûпǶˣĳֻʵ۾ˣ
˵ͷβûп׵һۣ
֪ˣôҲܻ׸֮κεǣ
ʵϣȴεĹϵ
㡭ƼǺõúܰ
ϪĿһֿ˿ǱЩɲ
Цһ޹˵Цˣһˣ
ãշ
Ϫҧгݵ˵⼸֣ѾһƬ˪
ԭǰѾ֮û뵽·Ȼɱ˸ҧ
ǴϪûа취ҪĶˣ
ʱһɵע⵽Ǵ޼ҵľٶǵʱΪǴ޼Һ֦
һССĴʳǴ޼˵ֻǿп޵ġ
ԲΪʳӰ쵽ƻģ

Ϫֵһ֮ѾĴ㣡
ֻǱѾ֪Ǵ޼ҵļƻǽµĻǱһҪǱ°ѱĻʱ޼ҿɾ군ˣ
ŴϪϻǹһЦݵߣͣ
֮ǰһһ飬ʳ۾Ǳԭҵ֮ѣֻϧҶ۳۾ӼȻˣȻҪΪ۾Ż
δ䣡
ϪѾǶˣȭͷһ㣬ֱӳǱķɱȥ
ɻʾڣ
ϪʵѹǱ
ǱŴϪĨһ˿Ȼ֮ɫָŴҪ˵ȭͷѾǱƽԼ
¡
ִ֮£ǱȭͷϪȭͷѾǶһ飡
ܿ죬ǱİӼϪң
޹ӣ㡭Ǵ޼ҡ
ǱǿԼ壬г˺Ȼ֮ɫ
ϪͻȻ֣ʼδģ
˵ʲôѾˣ
ϪǱκεĻᣬ˿̣еƷɽѾǳǱķնɱȥ
ɻʾڶɻʾڣγѹ֮ƣ
ټǱ⧲Ϫ˾
ôŴϪֻҪ˺׵ˣȻҲùˣ
ǿûҪæġ
֮УϪԴݹ֮ƺɱǱǱҲû뵽һελȻǴʳƪ£
ŴϪŭĿԲȥֵһĿɿڴ
仯̫죬˸عƺҲҪ֪һеô£
Ϫ뿪ˣ֮ʱĿһף޾ɱ֮ȥ
ҲòϪһɱϣȻ֪ϪǱ֮䵽ʲô
ɴϪϧɱڣ˵Ӧøİ˾Ųʮˡ




1905¼˴˵
 

Ǳ
һ̣۳ĵ۾ڵͻĽҲû뵽
ʵѾǰǰʳѾڷֱ״̬
ټĻʳȻΪ֮
˭Ҫһأ
ֿԶļʳĵ۾Ҳ˵ߣҴܸ֮ĶԹ۾Ǳ۳ة֮նɱǱǱӦõ³ɽۻҪժӣ²˰ɣ
ʥϣǺ⣿ǱǱ۳ة֮Ӵ޹նɱܻʳʲôϵأĴ壬Ǳ˿Ե֮Ҳ³ô
һλ۾ЦһҲǷ͸Ĺâ
ʳ
ǿʳ֮ΪǿһʳѲɾܸˣ
ǾԲܸĵģ
ҪǴܻʳ˴ʳĻǵʱܻʳ죿
⼸ʳĵ۾֮ǰһ㺦ĴܻʳʱôôܻʳһҶأ
Ϊ
ǾԲܹԼվġ
һλ۾Զֵ峤Ϊ۳˴֮һ峤ȻȨ
Цһֻǿ˿ʳ֮£ƼҲ֡
ǲҪ¶֮Ĺϵѣ
Ͼ£ʱҪʱܹǿֲ֧
֪ѾȫԿסˣ
ղֹϪֻΪǻѡ
׻ĳǰ˹ȥǰǼҪֳɵļһбһ֮ʳԭǲݵľ棬ǱȻǴ޵֮
ôĿһССĵ۾ҲȾָʳλ˭ĵӣ
һλ۾Цһ
׿λ۾˭ԣ
ʵҲû뵽鵽ȻôϷԵı仯
ʳȻѾ;ƿݣôʲô
׼ľԼԼߵķ⣬ø˳
ְЦϲʥʳ۾֮λҴܻʳһִ֧ʥϣ
֣㻹ǲҪһԭֻǴܻʳһɹ۾ѣҡһȻƽƽҲܸģ
ĿɿڴĿ֣һҲ̫Ҫ˰
ֲֵĻôʣµļʳĲ̫ð죡
һǹɶûд㹻֣ȴôɻʾǿߡ
ڼ׵ļһƺҲмλɻʾĸ֣
ǶֵĻʱ¹˭δ֪
бǼ޳֮˵˵һ飬ܻʳ½׻ʳһС֦ͬ˭׶֣ǱǸҴΪУݣ
ݣ
⼸֣ڸǰ⼸ˣ
ҪֵôǲܵˣΨһİ취˻ԼĻʳ
úúãǵҪ½Ĵ׻ʳܹ֧Ŷãߣ
۾뿪ǣ
ʵǲ֪ڸжʱ򣡣
˿̣
ʳȺס
ةΪ׵ǰˣǰͻıʣһĿɿڴ
һ̣ĵ۾ھԵƣԴܻʳҲһ㣡
һ̣ĵ۾ѾǱնɱڴˣת֮Ҫɱ˵ˡ
Ľε˭
εĪھǰԭڴʳĳˡ
ղǶְ׿ɶµְأûˣ
˶۰Ͱ͵ĿŸ꣬Ͼ󲿷ˣǿɶǸһִġ
ѡ񣬻ǵѡ
ûˣѲǸѳ
ǲܵģЩ֮ǰڴŶѣ
ǱǴ˾¾ѣѳɹ֮еǷǳĺ
ʥϣﳼꡭ
꿴еƣӿֺ֮Ĺϵ
һһ͵ģҲ֪Ӧôˣ
Ǵܻʳĵ۾һӦ˵㡣
ֿŸ국˵αﳼԳأֻǸΪѣľܣѾΪ˹ȥʽˣȥδӸ໹ԼһЩɡ
ﳼףʥʾ¡
Ŀиоһĸɬ֪Ʊǿĵ
ǲӣ½˵һɱˣ
΢΢һЦ޿ûʾµȨʥϣʳ˴׻ʳλµӦ˵ɣ
ޱ㲻ˣ
׺ǺϵȻжôĿ
Ȼղô˵ȵ˵ⷬʱǻһĿɬ
ԭǸһֱļһȴĳΪ³ĵ۾
ȷʵЩо̫ǿһЩ
ﳼ꣬ߵ£
ͨһȫ
ȥ׳
ȻҲ֪ǰλNɪļһﵽܹλ֧Ŷã
ŴܻʳΪµĻʳֻ˳ˡ
׵ĿŸ꣬͸һɾּʳϲõ۳֮ģ²ó֮ģԴ֮еȡ֮˳Ҵ׻ʳߣһ⣬ߣɱ⣡
ɱ⣿걻ȹɱ¾֮ҲŪһ
͸һɱǳʱڵзǳ֮£νߣֻǴͷ֮ˡ




1906еµ
 

Ժ䳡,λ˵Ŀɿڴ֮г׵Ľˣ
ֻǺܶ˶û뵽ǣʳһҲǺȻ
ʳ۾̫ӵ£һϦ֮Ϊɢ
ԭλھףƶ𣬳Ϊ½ʳĵ۾
еĽô𺳣
׿νǼ˸ֳɵģǱıϪնɱлΪ˴¾
Ҳᳵ·ˣ֪ʱ򷴶׳µʱ
Ȼֵǿ֧£ʳѾΪ˴׻ʳ
ܶ˶δӦ֮ʣѾʼְˣ
һϳӣҲòתͥ
Ҫƣ
ʱ˺ʹܻʳЩ˿Ҳʣ̫࣡
ο˾ǷӮֺΣ
ʱεĵ۾˭أ
Լ
ԼҲоûʸܹеλðɣ
࣬ڿа֮峤Ƕ۳ĹͣΪ׻ʳ¾Ӵ
׿һԶȻʵ
ʥϣ׳ٷϴ٣ʥϲĻȥϳϡ
ʵ벻ʱҪĵطȥң
ʹ
¼㲻ѪɺӣҲǷǳ֮ң
ĵطôܹλ¾أ
ȥ뵽Լĸϡ
ֻҲ֪ͻأ룬ȷԵЩ̫ͻˣ
˼һ£΢΢ҡͷˣ޽Ӵ峤ĵطͲȲˣȥҪǱϣ֮ҲӰӣ
ɱȻ
ױˣҪôȻҪˣҲ
Ȼʬ򣬿ɷǳʱڵȻҪ÷ǳֶˡ
ֻȵʱ֮ʳҪҲûлˣ
ּ
꿴ף֪Լ׸ǰĵһλᣡ
Ȼ겢һƬϵķչ
˼ھ¾Ҳû˼ȥ
湦Ҫõİɣ
׶һԵĳֿЦŵСҲȥɡ
ֿ΢΢ͷȻ֪׵˼ǵͷã
ЦŵɣҴҲһ࣬ǶŴ׵͸ȥɡ
ּ
ֵߣʮλɻʾǿͬӦǣ
Щ˵ᳵ·ĺܣϾǶǻʳˡ
׿ųֵֹ˱лʥˣ
ݸһЦ
ʱ˶ӣֺ׶˫ƣ
·
׵˳ؼҵķ򼲳۶ȥһŴʹķӱޣ
һ·ϣֱӳĳ򼲳۶ȥ
ֵЩ֣Ͼ붼һ
Ѳ׾Ͳ
ֿɻʵܣ֪Ƽҵͷ
׻ǲֻ̫ЩŶѣ΢΢ҡͷͷӦòСɣôܹ׵ĺ˵۳ة֮أ
֪ͺðƼǶ۳İ˴֮һʵǿᡢΪƼҵ峤㲻һº𣿡
ֿףҲһƵʵ
ղҲѾ𣿴磬϶İ
׿ҲЦЦһԵЩˣ
û˵ܣҲ𣿡
ʵֹϵǴϪǱ֮Ĺϵ
Ǳڻʳ֮УΪ۾ȷǷǳţģ
ʳĵ۾ڵ۳İ˴Уʲô»ʲôҲ㲻ϡ
ɻҲǺģ
ΪƼ峤õ۳˴֮һ˵仰˼Ҿƨƨߵĸˣ
ʼ磬ͷİɡ
ֲװѻ˵꣬ܣǴ˵㰡Ѿ˵۳ة֮ӣٵƼҵĻ´׻ʳҴܻʳ˿ɾ͵á
ǵƼ峤ô
¶һ˿ŵЦݣ治ı֤ţ
˵ˣǧϹΪʲô
ײҲ֪ˣֱӳؼҵķɱȥ
ԭ׻ĲؼңϾ߻ԼĵطȫԵҲǷǳĸߡ
ؼ֮˶ڵȴϢҲûеطȥ
Ծͽһĵطؼң
ֻͷһۣȻĸЩ㵵ʵףܡƺ峤ĸ˰ûɣ⡭ܵʲôħȻ۳˴峤
˿̵Щˣ׵ɿǰӣƺˣ
һҲЩ޷ˣ
粻֪𣿡
׹˹ӣҲ֪ƺʲôܣ
ȻôƶָоԼΪһװײˡ




1907ؼ֮
 

ǣؼң
ؕDһصĿԶǶڵȴŴʳǱߵ״ʲôϢ
ؼѾǼʱ׼ǣ
ؾͮ˻˵׶֮ؕDоһ˿Ĳ
ЩҪ˵Ϊ׵˿³ˮ֮⣬Ҫؼˣ
һپ٣һ
ؕDԶϢ˶ûУ
ֻܹߵȴŽƺȴ˵С
ؕDĵдϣҲˣ
ԺǱ߳ٳûϢ׵Ҳûл
ؕDеĵǸ
ÿһӣƺͶһݼ尾
ϣܹԼǰʱȥôˣȴӰûг֣
ؾؕDүүҪȻȥԺǱߴ̽һ£
򲻿ɰʥϿߵȵģǵʱĻǾɾΣˣҿҸ褶ȥһ˰ɣϾǲǴʳˡ
ҡҡͷʵȥӦ
ؕDҡҡͷλȻѾ½Ѿǿˡֹĵڴ۾Ļ
ǰǻʱֹˮƺѾͷˣҵʱ̫ӵµˣ
ͮҲǵˮ֮϶Ҫ𻨵ġ
ֻ𻨵ʲôĻ𻨣Ͳö֪ˣ
ͮİĽȥչĻôֹ׶༪ˣ
ؕDʥˮһ̯ƣʱǱǶ˰ǱӵСǼôĹʥأ
ֹλĹھ۾׿˵ھӦһģ
ؾԼүүҲǳλھȷкܶȨ
ȨǽʵĻϵģ
һεĹھºܶ˶ŷġ
һ̾϶ҪɶԸʥԶ׼ģھˣδ̫Ҳ˶ˡǻ̵ܹסĻǼˣ
˼أ
ؕDüͷһ壬Ļؼҿʱضпܱʳ𰡣
Ϊ֮ǰؼҸߵķǳĽ֪飡
ӿؕD˵ذΪ֮ƣֻؾͮ뿪ˣٿԱסؼҵѪ
Ҳãʥϵʱ֪Ҳġ
ؕD֪ʳĻ׶༪ٵģ
ȻĻҲҪΪؼұסһ˿˿Ѫɣ
ҪǽؼҾô׵ı˸ɱˣʱ¿޶ûؿȥ
ߣ
ؼҲܹһɣ
ؾؕDĻԴǵ˵үүؼҳҪҲ߲ǣȴʥϱǣ
֣һûأؼֵõָֻ𣿡
ؕD΢΢ŭʵҲ֪ԼĶǺģҪµؼҵϣ
Լ츳涼ǷǳĲ
ֻҪʱգδؾͲܹԽԼ
ؕDѾһεˣЩν
ǵʱĳʲô۶ӵĻԼһ֮ǣ
ͮЩ涵˵үү磬ǾͲҪˣؼҪһҪһ
ͮүүһ仰ڲµʱǻؼҲŻϣ
ӳƵ̾һڽϣ׵ϣҲЩ̫ʵˡ
ʵϲӵô룬ؕDͬôġ
ʳǿӵλɻʾֵĻʳʥϾ
ͻҲѵȺǰ
οһԻʳǻ
峤ˡ
۲֮ʣز˵ĶУ
ز㵽ȥˣҿɶ㰡
ؕDһزҲЩֵʵ
ʵһΪزԼˣΪؕDѾؼҵӵܱؼߵȴ
زȴԵ޹ʵʧˣظһȦ֮ûҵ
ؕDҲزʧʱĸһߣ
زؕDˣҲ˵塭峤ˣҡǰԺ̽Ϣš
֣ѲҵѾ𣿡
ؕDزȴ˸м֮ɫԼڲˣ
ؼ֮ǰԺǻðżķյġ
ز̹µ峤Ϣŭҡֻǵ峤˺峤СİΣ
زͲҪ߹ȥˣ˵˵Ǳߵʲô
ؕDزҲһε˵
ֲ̫̫ˣ
زؕDеڻЩδĸо
һֲ̫ˣúܶ˰Ķᵽɤˡ
ؾ̵زֹû°ô
ֻܹԶԶĿ淢飬ȴʳĴŸˣ
زЩӵ˵
˵زҪǰ
ͮزҲС죬ȥȵĲģ
زֹֻ֪ӵնɱ̫ӵ£ȻһƬս
㡭˵ʲôʥϵնɱ̫ӵ£
ؕDԭѾǱȽѿϣȥӵѿˡ




1908𾪵ؼ
 

ؼÿ֮У
زһֱ˵϶֮ɫ
նɱʳ̫ӵ£ǲݵһ氡
ֻ˻Щ̫ţ
ؕDزɻʵز⡭ôأۿģ̫ӵǡǿɻʾڵǿ߰
ǰūȻ֪̫ӵµʵūֹնɱ̫岩䳡֮У
زƶ˵ȷۼʵ
ȻڵҲž޴ĵ֮ɫϾ׳µĻؼҿҲܺõʲôطȥġ
ɫصĿؕDأڻԥʲôؾͮҴȻҩʹȱһ˵ɣ˿¾߲˰
ˡ
ؕD΢΢ҡͷ˿Ҳüͷ壬濴˹ȥ
ǿѾǳؼҵķ򼲳۶
ΪɻʾǿߵؕDӣȻǸӦĳ˵ʵǳ֮ߡ
˿ؕDٴһɫ¶˾ı飡
أҩʹȵˣǴʳҪҩʹȵˣԼҲõ
ɫĿ˵Ҫ׼˵֮ʣؼҵĴѾǴˣ
˵Ŀⶼǳķ˹ȥֻǵǿǰ֮˵ʱҲסˡ
ôֹӣ
ؕDԼ۾ЩŵĿ׺ߵȺˣһЩȦˣ
ԭΪǴʳɳɱؼ֮ˣû뵽˿Ȼ׻վԼĸǰ
һʱ䣬ؕDЩˣ
ףȻŻˣ
һףҲЩĳ׳˹ȥ
׿ҲݸһЦ⻰Ƕϣ˲źð
ֹ֡ӣղز˵Ժնɱ˴̫ӣ
ؕD˵ЩˣϾնɱ˴̫ӻܹȵĻŻģֱǸ漣˰
ֹһЦǴ׻ʳĵ۾Ժˣ
ʲô׻ʳ
ؕDһԵˣһ𾪵Ŀף
ʳ׵ˣôأ
Ҫ֪ǰһǴʳĵ۾Ǳǿޱȣһôأ
м䵽׷ʲô鰡
ؼ֮˸浽׷ʲô飡
һʱỹ޷ͣ˵ĻɾͳˣټҪһģ
ûոؕD˽ˣ
Ժ͵Ļȥˡ
׳ؕD΢΢һЦղŴʥ˵ĵȷʵʳӴԺ󲻸ڣҴȡ֮ؼҲҪǨˣ
ʥϣ⡭̫ˣ
ؕDһҲ֪˵ʲôˣȻлǲȷ˼ҶѾô˵ˣ
ʳֱӸˣ
ĻôؼԺǿ϶Ƿ˰
ؾͮһҲĿףǴ˿֮Ѿǽ׵һĴˡ
ɿ׺ʹʥ϶ߣҲֻܹסмˡ
׿˿ؕD˵˴ʥϺǣ°ɣҪӴһ¶۳Ƽҵ峤
ؕDЩ𾪵Ŀ׵ּ
Ȼ褵˺ҪߣƺЩ̫һˡ
һ˼ҪӴĿǶ۳֮ˣǿǵ۳Ƽҵ峤Ժյĺܡ
ʵϣһؼңгڴͼ֮ɫ
ôȥˣһοǸ˵ʱôܹסԼĵļأ
峤롭
׿΢΢һЦҲĵ٩һ
˵ʵȽϵĺðȻڵ۳˵ķˮ
һ뵽Լɽӣڿ˼Ʒ׾ԼƷƺЩⰡ
Ѿ׼ϥ¹׳΢΢ҡͷ˶ӣ峤ˡ
峤ʹʥʶ
һԿҲƲѣʲô
Ƕ۳Ƽҵ峤Ƕ۳˴֮һ
ղ׵ʱ򣬾ȻҪ¹ˣ
һӵ߸ֵ۰
Ǵһ۳˴֮һƼҵ峤Ҳܶһʳĵ۾Ļ
˵֮ǰĴϪɣ
ǱϪǵͷ֣ܶ鶼ΪϪհ
ʵֻʵƺ̫ʹ˰
˿ֵˣλǣ
Цŵҽݴ磬ܵ۾֡
μ
һ׵Ĵ磬Ҳǹ׼
һģҲŵֱһ峤磬˰
ģһĺЦݸһЦʽһ£½ŵӡֻҪгϢĻûء
һҲǾ̾ѣ˱˰û뵽ԼܾȻôţŵӣ
Ҫ֪ǿǶ۳˴֮һƼҵ峤
ˣҡֻöѡ
ЩĿףϹ˺֮ɫ




1909˼
 

ؼҵĺ԰
׵֮ϣƷɲ裬˵Ц
ˮ֮Ҳߴߴ˵ͣ
Ͼôûмˣ֮˭أ
ˣɽһʱ䣿
ʵҲǸоһĲ˼顣
׵ͷǺǣ˵ʵ֪ϢһĲμʲôʲӵλ
ܣһࣿ
ָоԼҪˣɽɼˣҲ֪ߵļ
ȻܶĴﶼ½֮ˣ
ֻ½֮˺ɽȣмȷкܶĲ࣡
½֮ɽܹͷصģĲǺܶ࣡
ΪɽѾǱֵװף½֮޿ôɹԿأ
Ψһİ취ǼЩɹǲпܳͷأ
ǰԼλܣǼֱһ䰡
һʱ䣬ȻѾΪ˻ʳĵ۾Ȼʳĵ۾ĵȷкܶɺϵء
ҲΨˡ
ڿ˼ҷСܾȻôãֻǸпһ£Լǽˣ
˵ģͳݣԺǼʳҸΣ
Цŵ磬ʱ䳤Ҳνİɣ
š
ƺоЩԾԺ֮ڷٵš
׿һֵ˵磬һһէĸʲôôܿɶǱ֪˰
ʵϣҲЩ׼
ԼһҲģԼλ֪̫ĻʱһԼˡ
׵ҲһۣϾնǣ
̵ֿҸղž;ʲôطԾˣܣ㡭ղ˵һࣿ
԰òҲƭλɣ
׿֣һʱҲǱֵӸסˡ
̵һʱ䣿ʹﵽڵĲΣ㾹Ȼܹɻʾǿ߶սܹնɱɻʾڵǿߣ⡭Ҳֲ̫˰ɣ
һʱЩŪˣܵľԼһɾڵĲκġ
ֻû뵽ڱǾһＶˣ
ݸһЦۣԺпڸλϸ˵ɣֻܹ˵ҵá
ҲǿҲȷʵ̫һЩȻڲ˵Ǿ͵Ժ󷽱˵ɡŶˣǸոռ棬Ӧкܶ໰ҪģҲȥһ´ǵķ⣬ǰһֱûлᣬһ˵ʲôҲúúÿ
磬Ǹʲô
֪ҪԼڵطϾӦҲóԼЩڱ棡
ʵֲףȻˣɱϾֻǽݶѣ
˼ܲͷεİеܶɣ
һ۾Ҳûɵĳ̶ȡ
ԺǵĹϵһʱ׻Լ˵һЩܰɣ
˼Ѿô࣬һĹϵˣ⻹˵
ЦŵһǷλ˵һЩĻôҲǰɣ
绹ǻῪЦˣǶܱл˰
׿ҲǹЦŵҲûƴǣ
ߣȷһЩ˵˵ղԼʵ飬Ҳоһĺ󼹷
ǻ֮ˣһȥʱ밡
ȥ
ˮƺӵķſһЩҲһ
ˣ㡭ôǸܻʳĵ۾أЩʵ
ЦŵҲ˰ɣˣȲ˵ˣ˵˵
Ҳûʲô˵ģˡԼҲʼ˵ҲͦѪģҷɽ֮޹ΣڵϦ֮ʱһȡ
Ƽҵˣ׿ʵ
ǰƼҵ峤Ҳҵүү¶һ˿Ц
Ҳ̫һЩɣҵɽ磬ײŸ㶮ɽ絽ôһ£ȡԺһǽǧ갡
ˮҲЩ˵ÿ˵ľǲһ
̾һ㣬ҵȷǺãЩһֱڴ̽ǵϢʵڴʳ֪ˡ
ǡôҰһΪǡ
ˮЩֵʵ
̾һʱҲûʲôΣȻҲƻ˰ҪľǷѰ˵ˣһѵ˵˵Ϣûûҹľ͸ϹˣҲüʱɡ
׿΢΢һЦһλǶҿ˵ѺϢǳ֪ͨû˵أ




1910Ī̵Ϣ
 

ظ԰֮Уﻨ㡢飡
ʵϣ֪ˮڴʳֻûκεĶѡ
ʼǷ˵ϢȻ֪޲޲ˡ
ϾƼҵ鱨ϵͳǷǳǿģ
׵ͷˣȷǵ˵Ϣ
Ŷ̫ɽʵ̫ҪҸ˻ǲ̫װ
Ҳ΢΢һ̾ɽôɹҪҸ˼˵Ǵ롣
ټϴ½ˣһҲû̫Ǹӵˡ
ڵ׾Щ˻ʲô⣬ϾɽɱϣһСĿ¾غˣ
˵ˮɣһĻʱʳգӦúȥδأ
ˮͬܵ˵ǰɽʵ̫嫣ûҪ˼̫ˡ
һ˺ԼǣѵǿҪҲǷǳѵġ
ڶ˭Ϣ
׿ʵҪ֪ľԼ˵Ϣ
ˣĿǰֻ˵ϢһϪϢб̽Ϣ
Ƕţ
ƺһʯͷ΢΢أȻֻ˵Ϣܺùһûеǿɣ
ͷӦöţҶѾϢʱһһʱ֪ͨҵġ
֪̺Ϫﰡ
׿ҲЩʵ
ĪǴʣϪ˿־֮壡
ʵҪ˵ΪĵģӦǰϪˣ
Ǳ֪ʣҪɽҲôס
ΪһʲôĻǵʱͿ̿
׸ղĺϣ˵֪Ϫ䣬аϪ䣬һ
̽ҵ֪ڶ۳Ķ´Ժ
׳׵֪֪´ԺôǾͲö֪ˣ
´ԺڴʳԺģ
׿ЩɻʵӦơ
Цŵеưɣ۳ӵԺ´Ժ֮һӦԱȽϲһЩְɣ
Ŷڶ´ԺҲѧԱ׿ʵ
΢΢ҡͷǰѧԱӦѾΪѧԺʦˡ̽ʵȺѾﵽɻʾ۷ĲΣʦҲûκġ
㲻һֱڶ۳ôûм̣
Щƣһֱڶ۳ӦΪעЩİ
΢΢һ̾ƼΪ۳ĺļ֮һʵһֱΪ۳ģΪƼڵ֮ˣһһҲǱܹעΪ˲𲻱ҪķҾûи̽ϵ
Ϊ۳Ѽ鱨ģ׿ʵ
ͷǰƼһֱģֻרųһӰ˲κˣֻΪã
ĺܺáʵĿǰʵǲңҲԻķˮġ
׿˿ʵһܹôϹҲû뵽ġ
Ҫɽĵλ׿»Ĳ
˼ҷˣҲûκεĻ˵ġ
ף¶һ˿ᶨˣͲ֪ʲôطˣ˵ˣ˵Ĺ
׸оһůĻҲǸоһĿģ
ԼˣĿǰΪֹûһıѹԼһ׻Ǹоܿĵġ
ĻҲͲ˵ˣӦòʲôΣհɣ
׿ĻһתƵ
΢΢ҡͷ̽Ǳߣר˰ӰȫעţԳκε⡣ͷİɣʵ̽ЩƣϾ绹ɽ磬˵ĲӬǺܶģ
ˮЦһɹиİ
׹һ֣ӵˮЦŵܹӵǣ׵ĸ֣
˲˼ԼĸܣҲɫһˣǲ֪ͨ̽㣿
ʱãֻҪ֪ţ֪ʲôطˣ߻ûȶ֪жٵĶս̻ڶ۳ĺá
׳ȻҲҪỊ̄õһѡ
ͷһ˷Ը
ˮЦŵڶ´ԺǶҪȥģǻҪȥμӶԳ𣿡
жԳƱ
ЩԾĿʵȻҲû뵽
׿ЦʵôһƱ𣿡
ʼĻ˴ȥµСһЩ
׺ˮһͷˮĿ׵Ƿʵҵһ˵ղŲ˵ϪϢ𣿡




1911°Ϫټ
 

Ϫ
֮壡
ʵΪĵһˣΪǱ˿֮壬ֱӱɱĿԺܴ
ȻһֱĴҵΪϪ࣡
һĨʼǻ֮ȥ
һֱ˵˰ϪŵϢʱų׵ķ
ϪϢ
Щ֧֧ģȥǸղôʹˣ
üͷղŲ˵ϪϢô£
һԵˮҲЩǵĿͱˣǺǻܵ˵һ°ɣ
̾һϪܶˣ
⣿ô£
׿һƼе
ˣӦ֪Ϫʰɣ֮壬ǿɽҲǽһڵʰ
֮ȷǷǳĿֲҲûа취ɾȰɣ
׳ȻѶȺܴȴҲһ˿ϣûв
΢΢һ̾ԭһĲ֪Ϫ䣬ڶʮǰ̫ɽһ֮巢
ʲô֮巢ˣ
𾪵Ŀ֮һ㷢׶Σһ׶ξʱһ׶ξɽʱ
ϪʱΪ׵˵ı£ס֮ı
û뵽ɽ֮Ǳˣ
ǰʱǱѴϢ˵̫ɽĳһƬ򼸺һ㣡
ôȷϪأ
׳ʵ֪ӵ֮ʵ̫ˡ
ķ˵ĴڣѾһϣȷǰϪˡ
׶ͷһ¶ӣˮ֪Щˣ
ΪʱһƬ֮У
˲һɽɽʲô֮
ȥΪͨɽڴϿ¶ȥ֣
Ϊɽ½֮
Ȼ½ļƷɽ磬һͨҲҪȼƷҪ̫ˡ
ǵ蹵һ㣬һһ£
Ϫķɽ
ˮһɽʱҲǾһ
ʱ򣬻ÿ˶һļƷ
ÿһ˸ɫ״ɫǲһģ
˵ΪһƷ
Եóɽһ̣׵ۿоЩʪˡ
㡭ôõɽģ
ĸɽдһ˿ʵ
̾һϪ֮ԭܣȻرĹעϾ֮ɽ磬ҲԤʾһѲ𣿲ҹעɽ綼ڹעɡ
Ϊ˵֮Բȥעģ׼ʵ
ͷǰʱϢʱҵһʱ͸ϵ̫ɽǱߣֻǱ֮ʴһƬ˸ҽһЩӴĽȥ֮󣬷һɽҵʱˡ
ûнȥϪ׿ʵ
΢΢ҡͷΪҪȥ̫ɽǱߣɳλֱңֻܹΧţûлȥ
ˮ̾һû뵽Ϫ֮嵽ɽȻֱˣһΪ
ҲΪǵ˵ɽ磬ΨһĵľϪ֮塣ţǸϢ
ˣϪıҵɱ˵Ļҿ϶յϢġϾնɱһλ֮ǿˣһ˾޿ܲҴţ
ΪʲôᶨΪϪûһԭðϪһţ
Ϫ˵ĻôϢͻᱻˡ
֮壡
ǿǶʣһˣҲֻжķݣ
׿̫ɽʲôطôδ˵
ˣھҪȥɣ
ЩԾĿףҪ֪׻ʳոսܶ鶼ûȶء
֪Լλһ˵ġ
ôĽǶһƬĵԭɣ
׿ˮκһҶǻ޷˵ĹȥģϪδȻ֪Ϣ֮
㲻Ҫ˵ˣ֧㣬ҡҸһȥва
ˮδֹףֻҪһȥ
΢΢ҡͷ׻ʳ³ҲϤ飬Ƕˡ
Ǻðɡ
ˮ񲢷Ǻ֮ˣȻг˵֮ɫȴûһᵽҪһȥĻ
ȷԼȥһܹæܳΪ׵׸ء
˾ӣ˼һ±ͷİɣڵʱ䣬ҿԱ׻ʳƽ¡
ŶĻʡĲ˰
׿˿Ҳǳ˸м֮ɫ
ͷ˷ģֻҪطסЩӣЩĻʳ֮˱ȻȴֻҪȥ̫ɽ




1912ŻĿ
 

Ҳǳ˵֮ɫ
̫ɽʲô֮أײ֪طʵҲǺ飡
ΪϪ̫ɽĻǵطҲᱻƵġ
ǵ׵İΣķ˰ϪټĻǵʱȻܶע⡣
ţϪǱߣȻҪȥһ
ͷԽ˵ô϶ƺԽǾء
ͷ˼ȻѾˣöƼҵ˾Űɣʱ˵ҲһЩóء
Ƽҵƣ
׿еƣҲЩƵʵ
ЦŵܶطƼѵĴڣʱҪ̽ʲôϢֱȥѯʼɣöұ𣡡
ʵϣóԼƣ
ƵȨǳĴ󣬼Եصѵĸ֡
һˣô׵ĽôϵĶأ
ײһˣԼһж׵ģһССʲôأ
׵ҲǲǫãµҲǷһЩֻ̫ɽںδ
̫ɽʲô֮أû˵Ҳģһ˵̫һʳɣ
׳̫һʳϷ۳֮Ϊǿһʳ
ɽ磬ҲǷǳĴڣ
̫һʳȻ
üͷҪ˵̫һʳļ֮ôһʳ
̫һʳɽ֮г˵۳֮ΪǿĻʳ֮һ
̫幬Ҳ̫һʳͷǹ˵̫һʳ
̫һʳش۳Ϸ۳ĽҲϷ۳ǰλĻʳ֮һʵ֮ʳǿֹʮ̫ɽ̫һʳı࡭
ȥ᲻Σհ
ˮһҲΪǵʵ̫һʳ
˵ˮѾǸо޵ѹˣοһֻǰأ
ΣȻеģһԼӦҲ֪׳
׵ͷΣҶǻȥģֻܾ°ɣ
ܹҲֻЩˣ˶԰ϪսΣ
״˴ɽ磬ʵΨһ뷨ǰɸԸ
Ҳ֪ܶ鲢ģɽ֮УΣķ
ָԼһغ˵أ
ܹģǾԼߵˣȻ󲻶ϵķչ׳Լ
Ҫһһڳԣ·Ҫһһߣ
˵ʲô£
ͷĴ۳ϵһֱ΢Ҷ۳Σķ˵Ĵ۳֮Ϊӿһ
ŶǺǣ֪ʶʶһ溷ƵŮӣ
׿Цʵʱ֮ǰڴŮ
溷ƣŹôʶŹأ
ЩԾĿʵȻͻѯŪЩȦ
ʼ֮ǰڴܻʳʱģǶ۳ĹЩ˼ˣ
ˣ⵽ô°׵ʵ
ЦŵʱѾͷΪţҾ˳ָ˸ģˣΪҵŮˡ
ۣ
ûһϲ
溷ƵʵЩ̫ˣ۳ҲҵϷ
渵ˮɫЩҲסˡ
ˮֵĿ׵㰡㣬ʲô㶼ǣǿǵ۳Ĺ
ݸһЦ۳ĹΣѲһùɣ˵ˣҲ˵˵
˵˵ѣǡ㻹ù·¾ĵ
ˣ˻ʲôҸɰ
Ҫöɵ֪˵Ļ·֮׾Ҫʮˡ
ǲ֪׵
ˮҲƵ˵ף㡭Ҫǳˣǿô찡
װڰֵνľĵʵǸٵĶѣֻƭƭǸСѾͷţʡʱ
ˣҪǱ¶˵Ļ˿ɶ˰֪Źµδǿɵ³֮Ӱ
ף˿Ķᵽɤˡ
λˣǹ̼ġ
оԼûаȶ೤ʱ䣬ͱϢˡ
Цһ˵ҵĿҲ۳أ
ˣǿЦɣ
ڴڵĴŴһ׵ѾǱ˾֮ɫ
ˣЩ黹˵ʱ򣬵ȵʱǾ֪ˡ
׵ӣˮ˵Ҳ˾κˣ
Ͼһ˵Ļ𾪵ɽˣ
һʳûվ֮ˣȻ˵ȿ֮Ҳˮ׵Ļˡ
˿̣׵ĵ֮ǣſ԰ĵǰ̫һʳ
Ҳãǰ̫һʳٻҪһʱ䡭




1913ؼ
 

֮
ѾΪ׳ǣеϢȫȡ֮µ֣
ȻܶĴʳĳûзӦǽɽѾ
ѾѡĬĬĽˣ
Щ֮˽ѾǱѹµ۵ǻν£
׻ʹ
׶ڴ׵Ľǵ֮ϣΪ¾ĵһгᣡ
ٹ죬Ҫǰ̫һʳкܶҪ
Ѿǻص˴ܻʳҲ㵽ʱ·ܻʳʱ򣬸ֵ
ֻҪǽ鴦ãȴҲ˿ã
ֿݵʱ϶ǰ̫һʳܹεˣֻˮؼ֮ˣ
࡭
׿·Լĸ꣬Ҳǵ˵
ڣ˿ҲЩ粻Ŀס
˵ʵ¾ǻһӻЩ̫Ӧ
ةͿ๦ߣΪҴ׿³˺ͣǲ͸࣬ҲԷڰ
׿˸һۣ΢΢һЦ
ة֮λһ֮
λϣǲѡԼˣҲ˵ùȥ
ôܹ֪ⷬأ
ײ˵ʵҲѾ׼ȥԼة֮λ
ֻҪܹǸ߼һ·ǱѾǸмˡ
һһ
굱Ȼ֪ⷬʵҲԹס
Ͼǽͷݸû̫ķգ˼¾֮λǿɱ֮лõġ
㼵ʣ˼ҸսǱ
̹ʥϣϳΪǹٶ
ǹ٣ǺⰡѲҴ䲻ϸô
׿˿꣬˵ȷ˼磬Ȼ²⵽˼
һ㵹û뵽ģ֮ǰ뷨Ҫܿλةࡣ
Ȼ˵Щ֮кܶҪҲû̫˼ˡ
̹ϳ޴⣬ֻϳԾʤة֮λֻؼҼУΪ¹
˼޸жּ׶һ֮˳
ǣ£
һ֮Ѿִʶס
׳ةΪҴ³ºͣοƽϮ棡
ƽ
ƺøһƣȻһϲɺص飡
ƽʵЩǰ
Ҫ֪ǰԼǴʳةడ
ҡһ䣬ѾΪ˴׻ʳƽȷ֮оâڱ
ϳϳߵлʥϣ
һȻǰλȥĵǳ׵Ľ·ˡ
ǸҪͶˣ±ҲҪˣ
ƽƺʵЩ̫һЩ
֮һƬ֮ܶ˶ǿλ½ĵۣ
ʵϣЩ֮еǵֺֹһˣ
ʳĴ壬һľս
ϾЩνĴ׵ͷϵģײǽĶˡ
ˣƽ°ɣؕDڣ
׳վĩ˵ؕDЦһ
ؼҲǷ̩ˣؕD˿Ҳһļ
ԭǻΪҪ磬ƺҪˡ
ؕDĳǰ˹ȥ֮ѾǳؕD΢΢Цֲɵӣ
ؼҸε۾֮ĹϵҪ˵
һؼҿνˣԺָҪؼҶأ
ؕDߵ£Ըʳ
ؕDʮ㣬˿Ҳļ
һεվĴǵ֮ϣҲǺɡ
΢΢׵ؕDΪ׻ʳة࣬ƹܱ
ϳߵл¡
ؕDһƹܱ⼸ؼҴӴ˳Ϊ׻ʳֿȵļˡ
һνة֮λΪңҲΪ˽λã
ة֮λʱȱҲΪ˽˲ţ
۹ͣ
ؼѾָտɴƹܱؕDȻҲΪ׻ʳһ
ؾͮһҲǷֱ˷ͣˮҲǳΪ˴׻ʳʺ
ĺܶ˺Ĵ壬˵Ļһ㣬һıһ㣡
֪ǵ׵У
׿˼ٹ޼ǰܻʳһЩ飬ڵڼ䣬ɶʺƽة๲ִͬơ
ּ
˶ǹѶҲ֪ѾǼȶʵ
οʥ⼸պͶ۳Ƽ峤ܣܶ˽Ҳǲ²¾峤ǲǴĳЭأ
׵ı󲻵дܻʳ֧֣Ǻ͵۳Ƽǣ壡
ԭʳЩˣ˭վ׿أ
Ҫ֪ǿڵĲΣս۾ﰡ
Ҳֻ˳ӦΪ˴׻ʳһˣδôһֻܹ˵İˡ
֮뿪׻ʳû֪һλ¾ΪͻȻȥ




1914ֵܣô
 

׻ʳȴҴȥ
Щ룬֮ǰʵҲѾǽ˲ٵ飡
ڰȴҲʡȥײٵ顣
˿̵ף̤ǰϷ۳̫һʳ·;֮У
ԭ״Ƶܻʳ뻹Ǿֱȥ̫һʳ
ʱ䲻ˣ
ʮȥˣҲ֪Ϫ񵽵ǻ
ôһȥ϶ǻҪҪʬġ
˵ǰ㣬ǰϪĳʲô״ĻӦҲڵڻûдʲôϢ
Ͼ֮ɽ磬ҲǿֲĴڣ
ֻǴ֮ǰ׿жϣϪЩӦûôͻƣ
ͻƵһľ磬֮ɾͲôһˡ
һСС̫ɽôܹ赲ס֮ɢأ
Ϸ۳߾
׶һߣ˿̿ȥЩ糾͵ӣ
Ϸ۳۳һǵڶ۳ҪΪı뺷һЩ
Ҫ˵Ĵ۳֮У۳һֱǿޱȣʣµ۳֮УϷ۳ͱ۳൱۳ĩ
ҲΪʲô۳һֱһԭ
٣ֵܣô
׶һɽҰ֮УʱʱĶһЩɫҴ֮ˡ
⵹һЩȤϷ۳۳ȣԱӵΪεԭɽݺᣬθӵĸӣ
׳Ϸ۳ķ򲻶ǰеʱһȥʮӳ׵ķ˹
ڣ
üͷǰ֮ˣʵʲô
˵ֵܣװɵôΰ㿴Ǹʲôİ
ǸӿŵҲǿԵģȥɷһˣ⵹׸ӵˣ
ֻ֣ôŶоЩô£
ӵĲԶ׿Ը֪õǱӦ򿴹
Цһǣҿɲ֪ǸʲôģҸʱ䣡
ѽֵܣҿʵʱԷ㲻ٵĺöأһ£˻Ǿ˵
Һöϵڱô
ԭҪ뿪һһֱੲݣҲͣ˽Ų
ֵĲǼٵĲѪŵģֻҪѪŵĻԺ֤ĺİ
˿ףһţѾǴ
̫ɽţ
ѲԼѾ̫ɽˣ
һ·һ·ѯ˲ˣӡ̫һʳһξ룡
ֻ̫ɽôᵽأ
̫ɽȷ
׿ˣ¶һ˿֮ɫ
˺ٺһЦ˵ֵܣûиɽǵ̫ɽ㶼֪㲻ߵ˰
ǲ̫ɽ
׳ʵһҲǹīģţݸġ
˿׵ģʼҶ˵̫ɽ㻹ңⲻǶһ
ǺðɣȻ̫ɽҾͼǰɣ
׺ԥ˵ʵߣԭ׼Ҹ򵼵ġ
ֻ֪ԼѾ̫ɽ
֮ǰ·һֱʵ̫һʳ⵹Щԯˣ
̫ɽ̫һʳıȴٽ۳
ôʹ죿ʲôʵҿʸֵܽǣҪ˰
һ˵Ҫǣ˹
ӣȷͦ˷ܵģƺһܵĴӦͦġ
ɣڵˣ
׿˿һ䰡
֮ǰԼʱƺúȱԼһλɵȵӦһֿʼĵˡ
ѯ֮ʣ˵ĸˣȥͶ࣡
ҽг¿磬ڣֻҪʵﵽɼǾͿ
˳׹ֵֻʵǿ׵ʵΣ
ɽ֮УϢĶʵ̫࣡
ʵﵽһĸ֮⣬һͼ˿Էʵûʲôֵ̫ĵط
׿ų¿ףɳڣ
Ҳôһ˵Ͼ֮Ҳ¿ļһʵǲ
Ļ϶кڼʵνҲʵ͵Ŀԣ
ֻ׿صǶһϤ̶ȣνԲԣ
ɳڣֵ츳ܲᾹȻֻҳ¿ôһСΣһѪſҪһ
¿ʵЩоܲˣ
һһ˷ܵĲеӣʵ벻ͨǵ齨Ű
ӭ
Ҳһһĳ״кȥҲΪĽ׵ʵ
׿ų¿ЩƵʵ˵ﵽҪʲô




1915
 

̫ɽĳɽ֮£
ѾֹͣǰĲ̫ɽҲǵִյ㡣
̫ɽȥʵ̫̫Ҳòͣ£
Ǳ»һʱ᲻֪ˣ
Ѫţ
ѡòţʵҲĿǡ
ϾĿԽСҲ˵ע⣡
ѰϪһڵḶ́Ҳûдڼ֮ھܹҵ
ڽӴһЩ̽һЩϢҪȷһϪʲôطֹ
˵ţڶ۳Ĳ̫
Ϊ۳Ǳߵ޻̫࣬Ͼ۳ƽԭΪɽȻҲһЩɲرĶ࣡
̫ɽڶ۳ǻܹŽǰʮˣ
ǷϷ۳ǸͲֵһᣬ̫һʳĻ¾͸ӵĲ֪ˡ
޳ûΪƵĵطɽ֣Ϊֻ
ϾϷ۳ҲȺΪռ䲢رĴ
Ϸ۳ܶ塢Ϊ
Ƥë⡢ͷѪڵʲôģǷǳֵǮġ
Ҫ˵֮ΪֵǮĻҪ޵ˣ
ŵĿЩޣһֻͨޣֻҪܹնɱҲܹһЩջ
Ϸ۳֮УҲ൱ӴţһЩŵʵѾǴﵽ˿Ȼʳǳʳʵ
¿翴׿Լ΢΢һЦѪųӣܼǣǾѪŵԪϼˣԺѪųΪɽһŵʱ㽫ܵϵٹ⣡
ƣ
ľһư
׸ǰڵļһһ壬ʵ̫ܴţˣ
ʵͼΪɽһţ
ѾȥˣѾðˡ
ֻһԵļ˿ų¿磬ǶҲòСӵĿڲˡ
׿ų¿У̫˰һ̫ɽ˳ųδɽ̳
ֵܿɶԺұ֤ˬᰡ¿ٺһЦӻͳһƷ¶һ˿ı˰ɣԺܶĿ꣡
ϴ㡭㾹Ȼ
¿һָ߸ӿ¶Сǣ
İ̾һһﻹûм氡
¿ĿǺָ߸ӵԺҲеģǼеģ
ǡھȥնɱްɣ
ƺǳļǿ¿Ʒ֮ǼԸӣ
ʵɽԴôĲƽ⣬Щһǧעܹµǧڣ
ЩȴΪһʯڲϵŬţ
ɽֻ˵Ǳӵԣһǿʳ磡
׿ų¿΢΢һЦԺ󻹵øųϴ󷢲ưϴвУ
ʰɡ
¿ǳ˵ĳ֮飬ЩûмˣǷǳгɾ͸С
ھ̫һʳжԶ׿ų¿ʵ
̫һʳ㡭ɶ¿׵ĻҲһ㶣׼ʵ㡭̫һʳ˰
ǣҡҡͷֻҪʣⲻǵһ
һһΪ̫һʳء̫һʳرԶֻҪ̫ɽȻҲ͵˰ɣ
¿翴ףҲǻش
ˣ˵̫ɽڶʮǰֹʲô飬֪
׶ʲôѪŲûʲô̫ȤΨһȤľǰϪϢ
ʮǰϴˣһ治֪
¿Щε˵⼸ʮǰ֪˵ˣѹҲ֪׵˵ʲô
㻹ϴ󣿡Ҳˣһﲻ˵ճѪ
һԵҲǿų¿ϴ㲻˵Ÿճ㲻ϴôϴ󰡣
ȿȣȻǵϴ󣬵ǡǵϴҲϴ󰡣ԭ׼һڸ˵ģȻ˵ˣһҴȥǼϴ󣡡
¿ɤӣȻ˵˵
׿ų¿Цŵ˵ܿ𣿲ǿɾɢ˰
ѽѽŰֵܣⲻǾͳϴڹ˵ˣʵȥëްҪ˵ϴǿɾŶ
¿Ͻס׵ˣһţҪɢˣôԼϴ󽻴
˭ϴ󰡣ﰡ׳ʵɲط˷ʱ䡣
ǰ治ԶĴǣϴǴͷﰡ
¿翴ˣҲ˵
ҲһԽԽһﲻװøƷɽͿɾĺƣ
һᵽǰĴǣ˴Ϫ飡
ҪǸ¿ļһϹⱲҲҵԼŮˣ
˸ų¿糯Ŵǵķ򼲳۶ȥֻǲû뵽ǰ׵ˣǴôĸı䣿




1916º
 

ǣ
̫ɽ࣬һʥɹ
ʥ̫һʳһʥʵǷǳĲ
Ϸ۳뺷̫һʳϷ۳붫۳Ľˣ
Ͼ۳Ľ紦һЩͻҲǳе飡
ܱߵһЩʥ֮侭ԵرãҲ˵Ϸ۳Ͷ۳֮Ľ紦ʲôط
̫ɽϷ۳Ͷ۳Ľ紦֮һ
֮ǰӴʥĳһֱߵ֮شǸ¿ˣ
ط̫ɽ֮žʲô
ڵǱһƵ˴֮У
Ǻ
¿żͣĸǰǼ˰ϴļңǼῴϴҪͿ֪𣿡
ϴ⡭ǴǴĺϴǺ𣿡
źҲǾ̾˵
¿ٺһЦǵȻϴǿĺأǼ˾֪ˡ
˵꣬¿糯źķ˹ȥֻſ֮ͣסˣ
Ҫһﵽڸʲô˰ȴһ̽ͷ濴˼֮⣬ƺûиһ
һĪҪȣ
ҲǷˣԭΪһʲôϴϵǳĲ
ڿӣҲˣ
νĸϴȻ͵͵ģ
ʱһһţ
׵˾ںԶվţҪΪزĻˣ
Ȼߣ̬ƺҲû֮ǰôĽˡ
¿ͷѣ
ֻҪ˰ϪϢǵʱиһĿԲ
ԭҪһҿطûѵĴڣֻǿ˰ƺҲûз֣
ʱ֮󣡣
ſڣǳһİģ֮ˣ
˳¿֮Ҳװģĳһ˹ȥȻ¿֮Ѿйˣ
Ůװ
һӾͿŮӵװ磬ҲƭƭԼ͸ǰǹôſҲǸ˰
¿ᣬתͷ׵˵ķ˹¶һ˿ЦݵϴȥǰĲһ
ƵĿų¿˵ϴصĸʲô
Сӻ࣬ϴʲôݣôСһ˻أҲϴƽ׽˲ġ
¿û˵˵ľͳǰ治ԶĲ˽ȥ
ҲǸһˣ֮ǰǸʮֵľ̾ӦҲЩλɣ
Ҫ֪̫ɽһЩأȻҪһЩ׵ˣ
ҲҪ¿еνϴǲ֪һЩʲô
磡
׵߽ʱǸŮװŮƺŲܿǰ棬ȻŶ¥İ˹ȥ
ܿ죬Ǳһռ䲢ܴİ֮У
¿һŮӣ㼤˵ϴԸѾĲ
Ůӿһ۳¿Աߵ˵ţҲԣʵ̫һЩ
ϴѪſǸո𲽰Ժϴ֧֣ǻϣϴΪɶҪȥŰ
¿Ȼղ˵컨׹ǰλϴʱҲһ
ǸϴһµǡǸҳȻҵˣԺǾͺҺͷˣ
ͷƺЩ֪ĿǸŮӵ
Ůһε˵˵¿磬ⶼҵʲô˰
¿԰ʽǽһ£λҵϴҲǵĴͷ
¿˵
أ
ڳ¿绰δ֮ʣһѾǴ˳¿ĺ׵˵¿ԣҿ¿Ҳòʲôطȥ˵˶ٱ飬Ҫ¶ҵݣôأ
ͷѵǡ¿εЦЦ
һ۳¿磬Ȼ˵Ȼһﱩ¶ҵݣҺҲҴˣҾǴǺҵĶСһγѪŵĿģǾΪǺҸһ¥
ͷҲѾ𣿶ǴҲǺպ
һʵҵȷҲҵģڵλҲ͡
ɨһ˵ǺҵģҺͨԼŬһҵţҪҵѪųΪõţ
һֻڶ椻밡
ֻûôʱǺźĺͼ־ĳʵĺܣֻܲʺＸ飿




1917
 

磡
￴˿һԵļˣΨǰԼ˵ļһȥƺ鲻
ףҲЩ죡
ɳڣ
ҲǲԼŸո𲽣ܹ˼Ѿǲˣ
ʵϣŲһʲôò£ǿԴ飡
ȴҲһֱһҹ񻰣
ԺܶûԴ˶Ҫƣȴ뿿ơ
³ģ
ֻԭ˵ĸǰ˵Ÿû˵ûκε
¿һ׼Լϴ󣬾ȻǱȥһףСܲͣ㣿ϴʱܱ֪֪
޷ҵЩգﵭĿףȻʲôʰɡ
Ͻġ
¿оʱӦѪſδʱ
һǲʱ˵Ĳ죬Ҳһıƣ
ҪΪʵв˵Ļһ￴ȥʵǿԵĻҪˣ
׿һۺɷ֪̫ɽʮǰ飿
̫ɽʮǰ飿ʲô飿
ƵĿʵ֪׵˵ʲô
Ҳһ㶣˵Щ鿿ߵӦ֪Ŷ԰ôǰŮ޾Ȼ᲻֪أ
ҲƵʵǵ̫ɽһ£˵дĸǰǷʲô
ŶŶŶ֪˵ʲôˣǲ˵ǸħŮ飿
ƺЩȻ˵ͬɻһʲôأ
ħŮӦǰɣҲһ˵ġ
һħŮܵľ뵽˰Ϫ⻹ԣ
￴ʵ˵ģ̽Ůħͷʲô
ֻЩѣ΢΢һЦ
֪˲࣬ǡǺҵ껹Ǿүү˵
Ͳһ˵ţƺ׵˲ûκεķ֮ģ
һƨ˦ȥԭˣֲúܹΪļ֮һȻǵ񰡣¾Ȼ֪ô
һԵĳ¿ЩԺĿ׺ͺϴһ˵ʲôʲôħŮôû˵
û˵ˣ˵ˣ˵䶯ɽ磬ҿɲ֪
ʲô
׿źг˼֮ɫ
ﱻȳ˵һ۾ô󣿡
˼˼ֻǶܸȤѣԲǧĸϵΪŪ¡
׶ź͵ʵں޲˿Ů˵Ͳźء
ڰֵ֪֮٣ͱˣǺҿҲүү֪һЩɣ
Ŷô˵峤֪£۾һʵ
֪ô֪ô㻹ҪܹȥֱүүǺ֪үү˾ֻһ
ٺһЦףӷһתţ
ģ
Щźʵ
￴׵˵㻹ҪүүҪүү֪˵飬ǵðҵƤɣ˵ˣȻҵѪţزʶ˵ЩѾǿ֮˵ķˣһҲô
ǣ˵ô߰ʲôҲûһҪ̽Ǵͷܣ㻹ǹԵİ
¿ҲûĿ׵Ǹ㲻һﵽΪʲôһֱǶ鲻ţ
֪Σʲô֮ĻҲͱ˸Ӷˣ
ܵȼʮ꣬һȥѰô
ɽ֮һȺӻأѲɲ֪رĵ
ҲǾԼЩ֮ˣȻպС椵үү֪飡
ôͺðˣ
ҪѰҰϪ䣬ݺҵ껹飬Ӧǿ˵ĸϸһЩˣ
ĿѾˣǾҪүү
ڽ飬ǶҪŶˣ
׿źﹰֵǶԲˣղҲһʱ鼱
ˣǰɣʲôϵ￴ɻʵ
һתҵİ˾ʧ٣ҲŷѾ˼ߣҪѰټ
ŮҲһε֮ɥ𣿡
һ׵ĻоȻ¶һ˿֮ͬģ
Ŀ֮¶һ˿⣬֪Զ˵ҪһЩ
Ҫ˽һЩ֮£үүһʼ
Ϫ޿ܻԭأĻôܹùô˵׷ɱأ
΢΢ҡͷֻʧ٣δȷԭ¸ղŵĳ嶯
ֵܣҲǿ֮˰ɣٹүүͻˣʱҰȡһ£ܲܰҵŮˣ
ﾹҲǸˣ֮ⷬȻӦ˰ף
Щϲ˵ĳлˣ
µʱ䣬˵㳤
ֻǾ׺ͺĵĺܻʱ򣬰űƿˣ
ſվŵļŮŮôź¶˿˿Ĳм֮ɫ




1918¶ĵͼ
 

İ֮У
ΪǧѰ޶жѣԿóŮĻͦġ
ֻ˵һţӦæûϸѯʣ
׶ںЩĿ࿴һȥֵŮһЩøС
ֻǾĵĻ֮ʣžȻ˸ƿˣ
Ҳ΢΢üһǳźġ
Ϊǽ֮ûпκˡ
ӴӴղһΪϴأû뵽㰡
Ϊ˵֮ҲһŮӣȥЩ欣еһĨм֮ɫôҲزס
￴⼸˵ĵҲɫһͼƣ㵽Ҫʲô
ʲô㻹֪ʰǺһҪͼҸ㣬Σ
ǸͼƵŮӿźд޾ıĵ
һ⻰˾Ǳŭĸʨһŭͼƣ޸磿ͼ׵ĺðɣͼһǻᵹһҰҸ㣬Ҳܼ޸ģ
ͼЦһҪӻҪƷ㹴Ҹ磬Ҹôأ
ۣ
һҲǷˣѾףȻ˵˹
ĵϣԼ֪
û˵ô㣬£ȥ
Ӵǣ£ʲô鰡ͼЦһ
ԱߣһӵͼС㣬վԱߵ˽¿磬ǰҵһ˵ڳţСʲôš
ţûɣҲܳţҲվԼǸʲôɫ
ͼһһԵļһ˵ŵ飬ֱӿЦֹ
ƺһʲôǳЦЦһ㣬˿Ŷоһ
ɫЩǺ죬ô㶵ĿͼƣĬ
ȷ
˶ԳģⱾûʲôɶ˵ģ
ɻͻںѾˣڴҲǶġ
ֻǺҵǰͼƣ˵ͼлǲһЩġ
Ҫ֪ͼҿǴ֮һ
ǣҲֻǰѣǰ֣
Լţû뵽һӾͱͼƸ֪ˣԼоЩˡ
׿źȻЩˣҲҪһѾͷ
Ͷ֮ҡ֮
һֱΪԼʵǿȥ۸ˣҲΪʵǿͺˣ
һУжһߺͱ׼ġ
źĬĬĵͷӣҲ΢΢һЦ˳ţƺҲûжϵɣ˵ˣҲû˹涨׼ŰɣѲеŸճʱ򶼺ţ𣿡
ǣͼҵǰҲǸĩĪ
һ׵ĻƺҲЩĿͼƵ
ǳ׵ķͶ˸мһƳ
ߣһҲҸͼҵıȣͼһ
ţ˼û
׵˵ʵ˵Ҳģû
ҲΪ˰һѺѣûб˼
￩һЦȻû˵һԵͼѾըˡ
ͼƶݺݵĿź׵ѼӲǺҵѪŶȲͼҵıţЩСҪͼұȣ
ٺﲻֻ˵ǲͼҵԴʲôأ
׿һǸͼƣ˲̼»治֪жߵж񰡣
ͼŭһ㡭˵һ飡
ͼҵвͼҲֻ㱾°
΢΢һ̾Щ˾Ͳܻ·
ͼһúúãҵҪжͣҲ˺죬ҾͲͼ
˵꣬ͼƱ׼Ҫ׶֣һԵļҲԾԾԣ
ãס֣
ſڣһ״󺺻ĳŶ¥ȥͼҲһ
磬ôˣ
ͼƿǰӣҲסˣ
ͼ磬ͼƵĸ磬Ҳͼҵ峤ͼұŵĺĳԱ
׿ͼӣҲסˣ
ｿСɰǰһֵģ˵Ƕԣ
ֲøղźһͼ˵ʱôܻˡ
׿ͼļһԿһ˿а֮⡣
һԲʲô񰡣
ͼֵĳ߽ãʲôأδɩӣôôӶأ
磬۸ңͼһԼĸˣҲǽ˵
ﰡСƿҵðôҲ̫δ˰ɣ
ͼ翴һۺҲǱЩϬ
΢΢һ̾ĿȥЩӰ
ɽ֮Уʵ̫һЩһЩΪҲòӦǿļĻ£
ɹ֮ҲΪĳ
Ϊɽ磬ʵӲΨһ׼Ƕģ
һǰһײÿҲ֪϶ǹˣ




1919įĺ
 

Ķ㣬ѾַǷ
ֵҪȵҪ࣬Ѿһˡ
ͼǣԭǷǳĳģ
ͼ磬ѾǽɺڵʵǶһĵ
ֻͼýҵĶСΧ磬ܶ˶Ǹ㲻ף
ҲһЩ֪һЩĻ
ͼҼܣҿǹµİɣ
ɲզΣҲǹšİͼǴʲôʵ͵λǾȻҶŸɣ
ҿһͼǳźҵĶСġ
ǰͼǳķﰡѾȢķˣҲӦȻΪǲԼҵĴСȥ檵İɣ
˽Щ˵֮Ҳ˸ţ
Ҳӡ֤ԼһЩ뷨ɣ
ԭ;ͼ粻ʲôˣһѾȢķţȴҪףȷЩǸˡ
Ȼˣ˵ȢŶ˾ͲǸҪȻԼ
ȢһٸţҲ˼Ըɣ
ȻͲϲǰͼ磬ͼͼƵͻȻ֣Ӧþһı
ͼ磬ҸûκεĹϵǵҪʲô
׵ĸǰ⻤ӵӵû뵽
ͼЦһ٣ͼǴǵһţҲͼδļ̳ˣ֮ίû뵽ȻΪһСȻҶţ
һͼ磬Ҹ㣬İɣҺԲܼ޸ģ
ٺ٣⻰˵ĿɲҪôѲǺҸͼ֮Լ𣿡
ͼٺһЦ͸һɲмĹâ
ɫһߣͼ۸˰ɣô
ôǺˣǵʱһķؿɾͼҵˣʱҵԸǺһķҵĶС㣬ź峤᲻Ӧɣ
ͼ֮дһĨɫʵ鲢ͼ˵ô򵥣
һԵͼ磬ΪʲôҪȢ˰ǴŮƣҲһɫѣ
ҾϲڣҿصŮ˱£
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ͼƾ磬Ǹ۸ҵСô죿Ѳô۸ˣ
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ͼ翴һף·һ̾Ǿйһ㣡
ЦˣЦĺܿģ
һﻹǲ֪ôдȻҪĻǽôþһˡ
׼֮ʣһε׵ĸǰóһѷɽԼദҪǸҶһëҾߣ
㻹ǸСһȰҸͼñˣҵҪжͣ
ͼһ䣬Χ¶ȷ·½˼һ㣡
ͼ磬Ҫǲſԣ˵ĻǺҸͼұȻƣ
ҲһиԵŮӣֻ׿Ѿͷʵ̫嶯һЩ
Ҫ˵ԼʶֺιΪԼЩƴƴأ
ĺ˵ԼԸ㶨ˣ
תһ룬ԼԼģҲҪ֦
סˣ
ͼҵҪĻǵʱɾͲܹˡ
㡭õúܣȻΪһСø㣿֮ҵҪǺһţʲôţ
ͼָո̧Ȼԥһַ
һԵͼҲ磬֮Լˣ߰ɣǳʱүү¡
ʵҲͼҵаԵΪС¸úҸͼƵĻǻǲֵã
ͼŭһСϴɾӵҰɣߣ
ͼҲҴȥҲҴңҲüͷ
һѲɾΪһºģҪĻ̫ô˶ˣ
ͷ⡭ͼҵ׷ʲô谡¿翴ǰԶȥҲʿˮ
дһ˿įһжΪң
ô°Ҳüͷʵ
̾һͼӦö֪ɣǵһ壬ֻǸͼŴĹףүүһֱûдӦ󡭡ͼҾȻҪǺһԣ
˾Ҫһķأɻʵ
ݺݵĵͷҵʱȰүүҪӦүү˵ˣһķҲҼ޸ͼģԡԾʹӦˣ
̾һǺҲ̫һ㰡
㶮ʲôүүΪ˱ҲŲò²ߣҽѪţʵҲΪ˰үүǽѣɡʱЩִ̫ˣ
Ҳǳ֮У
׳ǺӮˣͼĻὫһķظ𣿾ͳŸղ˵ӣҲܣأǺһķûˣʵһ롭
ˣүүҲ˵˾ԲҼ޸ͼģᶨ˵
ҲţүүҲܴӦˣûһʵʱͼȫһĲʳǺңǸʱֵõ˵𣿡
ͼôǼ򵥵һνⱳΪҪɣ
ǡô죿
ɫһһʱɫЩҰף
׿źʵΪ֮ƣֻ취ӮˣҲܹΪ
ܣͼҵʵԶҺ֮ϰ
ɫ൱ѿ֮ǰǴŵļѾȫûˡ
Ϊ
ͼң䶼̫ܰ




1920³ְæ
 

׵ĲγĶԱȣ
˿̵ĺǶܵĹһ㣡
ֻײ˽νԵĹҲʸ
źʵǸͼ֮䵽ױʲô
µҲͲˡʵ֪Ȼ࣬ͷļҲ֪ģ
￴ףҲ΢΢һ̾
׵ǾͦεģǳŸղŭͼõԵʰɣ
ֻҲ֪ԣһ뵽׸ղ˵Ŀԣ˲Ͳˡ
ͼһĲʳǺҵĻ˵ΪԼҶ
׵ͷԸ꣡
һͼײɣ߳ŭ˵ҪǺұԣˣӴԺ¡ӮˣֻҪһķأԺҲ׵£
߳ŭǺǣҿǹİɣ΢΢ҡͷ
˵ûмͼĻ߳ŭڿЩ˺ǡ
ǳ嶯֮ˣղ¾Ѿˡ
ͼֻ֮ƣûκεĶ
׿ͼ֮˾ԲΪ߳ŭʲôٶ֮ˡ
ԣӡ֤һ㣬ͼұǳźġ
ֻҪ˺ңʱ򲻵ǿŮҲͼˡ
һʯ֮ƣȻõĳ뻯
֮˿ˣֻȴòӦΪӦĻôͼҿԴΪڣʱ³ң
ɽˣ
ʵǿΪΪʵС׸ˡ
̾һԸղһ˵Ҳ֪ԣֻǼϲòˣ
Եıʲô𣿡ʵ
ͷһʵûʲôֻҪǺŶԲμӡ
ҺͼҲֻһ𣿡Ϊʵ
΢΢ҡͷôأֻһֻһԱȽϳŶѡǺҵѪʵǿ齨ѪţֻҪԹעǺҵģҲԲμӣ
ҲԲμӣ
¿һ˷ܵʵȻû뵽ոճžȻԲμıԣ
ͷֻҪǺҺͼҵŶԣֻǾȥأֲǿȡʤģ
ͷ˵Ҳԣȥ˵ڻҿ¶񣡡
Ҳǵͷ
ǡǸͷҡǻ£Եپۣ
˳¿֮⣬ļ˿ƣҲεĳźЦЦȻҴȥ
ϾͼңԺڴǻеĻ
ֻǴոֶѣڿǳô¶˳ҲϹˡ
Ǽȥӣ¿ŭһһ飬ղ˵ĺúõģͼҾˣ
̾һ¿磬Ҳɢ˰ɣѪŲһʱѣڿûдãʱǺǸʲô֪ء
ͷʲô⻹ûбأ˭֪˭Ӯ˭䰡˵ˣɽ翿Ŀɲʵأ
¿һ˵ĵҲûɽ翿Ŀɲʵ
Щʱ㵲Ҳס
ҲݸһЦ˵ûⶫҪˣһ˱ޣĳɼͱǺҲ˵أ
֮мһ˿ЦݵǾͱοˣȻҲҪϵܹмأ
΢΢һЦɲһ˵һͷǳĺã
ڰֵ˺ˣҲҪҿˣҿ϶취ġʵ֮ǰƭģүүûгԶţڼء

û뵽СѾͷȻĻҲƵĿ˿֪˵ɶˡ
ʼҲҪƭģֻүүڷ׼һأʵԿóӵġ
ϵǺıԣȻˣ
ҲƵ˵Ҫǻӣֻ˵үүȱˡ
Ȼ㻰˵˵ĶԡˣҲ߶ˣҲҸطغˣɱͼҵˡʱͼͼĻ˵Сˡ
׵ͷֻѾְһŮˡ
һΪĵزΪͼҵҲߣҪĻΪ֪ϪϢ
ź뿪¿Ҳǻ࿴һۣ˵ܿͬʱף
˵ףô찡ͼǿǡ¿Щǵʵ
ȻȥԹ˰ô˵Ҳðһɣ׵һЦ
ɶȥԹ᣿ȵҰ
˳ŴԹķȥȻ¿һ·ϵǲѣͼҵʲôʱɱ




1921Թ
 

Ȼ˵뿪磡
ں˵һˣĻᶼûˡ
׿ԿóͼҵҰģ˵Ҳν顣
ֻҪĻ¸Ͳ£
Ե޹ʵĳ֣ʱȻע⡣
ϾǶ۳ˣǱ˷֣ʱ𲻱Ҫ鷳
ֻҪʱһЩͷ
źҵ˱ȻͶұĽ֪Լġ
ڼеҪ֪ϪϢ˵ԱȽ׵
ǣԹᣡ
ʵϣνԹɽҲǱȽϳһط
۳ǱԹỹǲࡣ
ҲôעνԹᣬֻǵϷ۳ߣŷԹ˵ǷǳӴ
һССĴǣȻһᣡ
׸оȵǣԹĳģҪԶԶĴ֮ġ
ȻˣΪǱȽϵƫƧԭеҲǱȽϵϡ٣Եùģ
Ϊȴ͹ԳԹĻֺ룡
ԹſڣȺǳĶ࣬¿׵ĴҲǽԹᣡ
¿磬ϤԹ𣿡׿ų¿ʵ
ҡҲǵһν
¿֮ǰţƤ죬˹ؼʱ̣ȥ˵ĺܡ
һԵƵĿһ۳¿磬Ȼû˵ó¿ѾǸоһ
һղ˵Ҫעǰɣʵ
¿һȷ˵⡭Ӧǵİɣ
ӭԹᣬԹԱַƣʲôҪ𣿡
һŮӳ׵˵ķ˹Цݿȥǳ
ַƣ
һ㶣ԼҲǽ֣ڿŮһĳ࣬ѾЩ׽ˡ
ַƿҲһ㶵ʶң
ʶֻЩϤѣʼ
ַЦŵɽ嫣֮Ķ࣬ҵּΪͨҲǺ飬λ롭
׵ͷǱַƳŴһȽƫƧλ
˿̵ĳ¿׵ĸˣ
ȻĽɫתȥôȻ
ַ֮Цŵλǹ𣿻ǡ
ǺǣҪһţûעᣬ˵Թע𣿡ʵ
עţַƿһЦʵ
ô𣿡ʵ
ַݸһЦǲԣŵ͹ģˣһ𣿡
ţĿǰ׵ͷ
ַһעҪõԹϿɣҪעĻֻҪһٿƷʯעˡ
Ҫʯ
¿һҪʯЩùĵˡ
һԵƺҲЩԥȥһƷʯƺһСĿһ㣡
ҲɻʵԹʲôãֻʯûӦķĻԼŹȥ޲𣿡
ַһһ㶣漴ЦŵɣԹỹ˽⣬ԹᵱȻṩӦķˣٸӰɣԹĳԱԵĶչһҪ߳һЩʯ
ǺǣԹᵹǻⰡ
һ֪ΪʲôԹ˵Ӵ󣬸ǵԴǳȶ
һʲôģҲ֮ƥУ
Ͼ޵ļֵǿ൱ĸߵģռȻҲǷǳĿɹˡ
Ҵȥһɡ
ַƳЦЦȻ׵Ǳȥע
¿㶵Ŀ׹ȥҲһѲɻʯɣ
ʱַ֮ƺǽеĶˡ
һεĻصλϵʱ򣬳¿еĻ£ޱȵļ
ȻֻǳĻ£ҲǴһݲǣ
ַЦŵÿ˶ÿԼĻ£»ɱߵȼȷǵŵĵȼɽ綼ǿͨõģ
׿ַƵֹǿʲôʯԹ̶ʱǷʯ
Ȼˣ׬ȡʯǿӶҲʲôܡղעһţұԵõһƷʯӶ𣬾ġ
ַҲʼʵ뷹óԣ
ЦŵҪȻɣΣʱʲôҲ̣
ַƵɴ۾׵ῪЦɣҡҲǵɳڵʵʸŰ
˵У㵱ȻˣʵΪַ֣Ů˱ĸо
ôһ˲䣬оŮԼСһ㣡
㣬
ַ鼤ʱһâѾ׵˵ĸǰ
һδԼеĵַƵķָ˹




1922ç
 

Թᣡ
ܶ˿һĻƺ˾ռһ㣬ֻ̧ͷһۣ飡
Թˣ϶ԽԼŻõޣ
Ͼļ۸Ҫļ۸Ҫ߳һЩʵϣҲֻԹŻרҵķֽʦܹ޵ļֵӵ¡
һЩУҲǲܹԹȣ
ɱԹֻһᣬǱҲһֲڣ
ԣԹȻɢȴûĸҺ͹а壡
ǽ𣿡
ַһǺâ˸Լĸǰܵһվ
ϻ˭ȥжһҩ⼸Ʒʯˣ
ǴֱӽԼеļƷʯ˵ϣ֮˲м֮ɫ
ַƵ͸һӵУ
̬ܿ¶һ˿ЦݵõɣԵһᣬΪɷء
ǣɫ£㿴ʲô
ǸԼȥ¶һɫ£Եøҫۣ
ɫ£ŵˣ
ַŵøϽʵǻıͼ˭˲ֹ˭˲
ߣȻ֪ˣǻϽҹȥ
Цһ˿̺ܶ˵ĿѾǳλ󺺵ķۼ
ţ
ڴƺǴ˵һĴڣҪ֪ԹĻһΪɫȼ
סڡ̡ơࡢȡϣ
ÿһɫǴһʵ
ʵɫҲǸھŷɫ趨ġ
ɫ£
Ǵŵľǻɱɾεް
ɾΣǾǺǿˣ
Ҫ֪ʥûгֹĳɫ£
ΪɫǱҪɱ𼶱ް𼶱¶ÿֲ쳣ˣ
ɫ£ŵĲһݣϷ۳һ
ַƿȻµʱҲŵûһ׼ϵʯȴһѸסˣ
ַתͷףʿˮִ磬ҡȥȥ
ŵˣԹˣ
׵ĿһַƣȻ
Ȼ˵ַƲԼãΪȴһֲһĸо
ڼǰһʵ̫ţǱŵˣӵĲһˣ
ȥкϷ˰һոճžȻŽа壿
ͷ֪ߵغ˶ȥˣɱŻǺúõģ
ǿǴͼҵŰ
Ҳ֪һ³жôˣ
ΧļǱ죬ǶߵĹעȲǺܸߡ
ֻŸǲɵ飡
м棬ѾǶ׵ĵһյĽжϡ
ַƿŵõִ磬ŵһ˵Ǳŵ˰
ǰǿɵﲻһﰡ
¿һҲǵЩηĿǰç
Ȼ͸һӲľͷȴҲףʾڲµʱ
˭Ҳɵӣ
ţǿǵĻ¾֪ǵʵжôĿֲˣ
ɫ£
ʹǱӵٿնɱɾǿߵʵ
Сӣһȥ
çףĵѾתף֮еŨصĲм֮⣬ƺ׷У
ȷ
в׵˷еĵϾǿųԱǺĳԱ֮һ
֮ǰ˵һÿһʵֹһš
Щģļ壬ӵмʮŶġ
ÿһ嶼Ǳ־ԵţҵѪţڱͼҵıţ
ܶҪǼ屾ҪĶ࣡
׿˿Ǹç²֪ʲô󵽵ĵȸǷģ黹ûأԱôΪʲôУƫƫҪǵأ
룬ҾͿôΣұ黹Ҫָֻ𣿡
ç׾Ȼ߸Լа壬ԭոµҲһεվ
ַһ̶çϢŭϢŭ֮ǰȷǸǷģˣȻˣ
ССı
ʵַƵѴģҲַ֪ʱ˵ĻΪҪȫǣ
ϾܵľͻΪԼûŽа壡
ԽȴԽǰһɫ
ç˵񣿺ðҪˣǾͿˣ
СӣȻҸô˵ҪȥͶ̥˰
çֱһ׵ĲӷѾǿɱ
ͻıʣ˶Ŀɿڴ
˵־Ͷ֣
ԹỹǻᾭԳ״һԵƺҲ˾ռˡ
ַѾסͣû뵽ոջҪԼŵļһͿҪһˡ




1923ֱնɱ
 

Թڣ
çֱһƿնռ֮бһ£
ţһɫĺâѾǱ׵ķɱȥ
ָۺ
¿ɺҲǵɴ۾ףҲû뵽׻ôĺ᣿
ǿǱŰ
һﻹ첻µز°ȻʲôҸɣ
Լ̫ˣ
Ǳô׶ԸĻǺҴͷҲڼĸȹϵһ˰ɣ
ԭǻС˵·ͦ׵ģͷҲǳ
û뵽һȻô׵һˣڻп۵ǰ
¿һ̳Ҫ֮⣬Ѿûκε뷨ˡ
ֻҲ֪ԼͲӵߵģֻܹç֮󣬾ͱǵ鷳ˣ
һԵ֮¿ɵйˣ
ӣһҪȥ׵ĳ嶯
ַһѾǱ۾ʵǲԸ⿴һμԼҪԼΪٵһԱԼĸǰ
ղѾǽ߾ȫҪȥìܣ
ǲԼȰһˡ
ȣ
֮ʣǵѾֱ׵ĸǰ
ɾΪһҪѪĽʱȴȵķ鲢һ£
ǳһ˶۾һĻ
׽ָͷͼסç˿˻
çסˣ˵ǳ׵ɵˣ
Ȼû뵽Լһţˣֻûп֮ʣǵѾǱ۳룡
жһΰص
ݣ
ڿռ֮ҫ
ǰĵѾǻçĺһ̣çֵɫУˣ
¡
ç˺ȻأܶǱߣһҲĿɿڴ
ߣ
ҲԸ߶ǷǣҸͼҵı֮ʽʼ
ֻҪԹע֮󣬵ʱʸμˡ
ȻĻôڴ߻ʲôأ
׳ǰȥ¿ɺֱַӳˡ
һᣬ˱ʧԹĸǰ
ֻǵ뿪֮ԹҲǱŷһ˵֮
ŵˣȻԹᵱնɱ
һδ
һһε˺ݽɫ˰û뵽ǹӾȻô
ǰǼһǽڵĸְȻһиɱˣ
˭ʶǸһﰡǰûôɣ
һζ˶ˣҪǲҵСӵĻԺڴҲûа취ȥˣ
˵ˣⱩӦõõһЩѵˣѹĿռ䶼û˰
һ˻һתѾ˰׿ʼ˵ˡ
һ죬˵Ҳģ˵ҲģʵԿηȴҲôҪ
ϳſڣ
¿ɺϻǾδһԵַѾŵЩҴˣ
˺ܿıˣΪǸоڳʵ̫ȫˡ
ǣﲻǱŵأ
һֱߵ棬Եһ˵ɫǷǳѿ
Ȼˣѿ棬ȻŵһĨ˷֮飡
֡ϴ̫ţ˰û뵽㾹Ȼʵ
¿ɴ˿ҲҸˣֲ˼ôĵ˼һְ
һԵҲǼ˵ϴ㵽ʲôʵ
ַƿ׵ִ磬ôǻȽ̫ɽ˵ɣźܿͻõϢһȫǶǵͨ˰
ǰһϴɱǱŵˣǿ϶ϹҲסڸϽ뿪ǲİ
¿ŵĨ͵Ĺǲһ뵽ľߣ
׿ų¿΢΢һЦΪʲôҪܣ
˵ϴǰ£°˵ˣɱ˱ŵһˣܶԸͼ𣿡
¿翴ףҲǶäĿŸŪޱȣ
ݸһЦΪʲôܣ
ҵθ谡ڣҺڻǸϽ߰ɣٲ˰¿綼ˣŲ
ַƺҲǲסĵͷ˼¿˵еġ
׿˵˵ߣǲܵģ
ʲô
˿ףǵҲһڴ֮ɫ
΢΢һЦȻѾˣǾȥ̫ɽһȦɣŸոճܵеŵӰɣ
ϴȥ԰ɣ
¿˿ˣ˵ʵⴵţʱġ
ҪȥԵʱҲ˫ȶӴ֣
Ҫôףÿ˻ͷȥ




1924̫ɽ
 

̫ɽıԵش
¿һԸĿǰףȻ׸ղŵʵЩԾ
֪ԵΣԣ
ֻѾûκε·Ŵ˿̿ڴѰǵټ
شǣ
ѾǲܵˣΨһѡ·ط
ֻԶǣǲһ
ɽ磬ܹȥʲôطأ
Ϊ׼뿪ʱû뵽ǰλز¶ϴȻ˵Ҫȥԣ
ǳ¿סˣһԵַƺҲ
ִ磬ȥԣ
ַҲʿˮѾǻزȥˡ
ãַƹ¼ҹһҲǣ޹ң
ֻҲΪʲôҪȥԣ
׿ų¿ַƵ˵¿磬Ӧ֪ҪʲôɣұҪҵ峤
˵ϴǸذڲߵĻǱŵˡ
¿̾һûˣҪŮذ
ʮȥˣҪȥ
һССıţһУ׵Ŀһ۳¿磬췴£ǳȥʶʶҲʶһ
׻еģڴҲ˷ʱ䣡
ԣ̫ɽ̽̽飬̫ɽʵЩ̫ӴһʱҲ̽
֪ߵòϢҪԼȥ̽ġ
ϴ¿羪㵵Ŀ׵
˽ΪǺӣϾ˶Ǻӵ
ַƵִ磬ȻѾˣǾȽ̫ɽɣֻҪǲߵĻӦҲûж飡
ַȻʵ΢ȴ֪Ķ࣡
ԹᣬҲǶĿȾ
ҲǵͷǻȥҲϴȥԣҳôûĲμӹء
ðɣ˵˰Χתһתͺ˰
¿ҲΣѲԼһߣӵĲȫڸȥʵļһﻹһ㰲ȫвǣ
˵ʧ̫ɽıԵش˿̴Ѿըˣ
ŵԹſڱնɱֱǳư
׵ѾΪ˱ͨĶ
ֻ˿̵׵Ѿ̫ɽľڿʼǵ֮ã
̫ɽĳ
׵ʶϵķſϷ۳۳Щ
ӦǸӵʺ֮ǰڶ۳ʱȷҲһЩޣһЩǿޣ
߰ٷ֮һϲϣ
Ϊ׷ﶼΪ޵԰ˣֻߣҲֻб¾ˣ
һЩǿޣǲԱ
ķˣ壬ѲЩС޾Ͳᱻնɱ
Ȼǲܵģ
Ǳ߻ɱ֮й֮޼˵ľԶҪļ򵥴ֱĶ࣡
ôʢ˥һԭΪҪԼͱ벻ϵԼʵ
ϴۡǲ˰ɡ
¿翴ףҲʿˮΪһ·ȥƺûͣ˼
ʵϣһ·ҲֻʵǺǿޣ
ɾڳ¿˷ܵ׼ǰʼǵ֮õʱȴһֱͷǰȥ
֮£Ҳֻܹ׼ǰУ
΢΢һЦ벻ҪööȻΧ
áöֻûȥð¿ɥ˵
һҲĭϴҡҲòˣһҪǿޣǡǡ
ַƸСһĵͷǰ̫ɽһ֪ģԽԽǿޣһЩţһǶǺ°
ϴҿǻۻȥɣղǲǷ˼ɲεÿ׬ʯ
¿һ˵ǰˣʵûˣ
ΪڶѾ֪жԶˣоѾһΣյ
Цŵڣ֤û£
ˣȻִ˾ҲǵϴǾִġַƿų¿Ҳǳ
Ҳǵͷţϴģ죬˾һܹʶЩǿޣⱲҲûź˰
¿ɥһûȢذ

ͣǱ֮ʣѾǴһҵĴ
ƺս쳣ļң˻һۣѾǳǸ򼲳۶ȥ




1925Σ
 

̫ɽĳ֮У
ҵĴϵĴһƬҲɱ졣
׵վԶ˿ѾʶסˣΪľǲǰ˵ע⣡
ϴǡǰ˺Ͱ
˿ǱʮΧһͷЩӣȴߴޱȵ޵ʱҲǾˣ
͵ޣǻǵһμ
·ЩȴĳǺӲϵıŹ
ɫĽڴ֮裬ΧһƬ򣬼ݲ
վԳ
׿ޣҲһֳ
˿ЩԾʵϴ㡭ʶޣ
΢΢ͷվԳǾԳһȽϺޣʵرǿ
⡭⿴ȥ¿翴Ҳʿˮ
ֻԼҪޣսûˣ
ַƱȽϸ·ǰŵĳԱҲǵִ磬ǸӦòߵģ㡭㿴ǰĻ¡
һԵһĽ˵ɫ£ǲǱǸŸǿ󣿡
ǿ϶ģɫ£ǿǴնɱ𼶱ް̫ˣ
ַҲͷЩȼ¿ָƵģ
ҵ谡𼶱ޣÿֲ
¿һ֣¶΢΢һ
ЦŵվԳʵҲѾǴﵽڣʵǳǿᣡ
ɶɶ⣿ڣǸһ𣿡¿ŵòһһʼΪһﶥҲǸɼʵ
ôһ˵˲˵ˡ
𼶱ޣ֣Ѿܹŵ̱ڵˡ
ַһ⼸ֵʱҲŵò֨ˡ
֮
ַƲһϴǡǻǸϽ߰ɣһ˷ˣǿ¡
Ǻǣ˻Σˣ
׵һĵվԳȻڣ֮Ҳһڵǿߣ
˵һսӦűʤɣ
ȴ˵ΣˣȻ滹δ֪Σգ
ΣգϴҿǲǺ𣿡
ЩĿףǶ׳˳֮⣬ʣµĻǳݣ
ΪǸ˼ҿˣ
˵ʲôȻ˼ϴʵҲ
΢΢һЦԸһվԳ˵ȻǿԵģأ

˳Ǹ˹ȥ޵Ӱӣ
𣡣
ǲ֮ʣһĺռ䣡
Զ
ԭǱ߳˿һսŵųԱЩˡ
Ϊ֮ȻɴɴͱԿóһŮˣ
һ׼վԳʱôҲû뵽⣡
ϴ󣬲ã
һ߿ǸŮӣ֮Ѿ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ǸϴŮӣҲǷһɬ֮һֵѸٳս
䣡
Ůӻδ֮ʣΧѾǴ˾޴ı֮
ţŮӾͱĽվԳȭͷķɳȥʮԶ
ȿȣ
ŮԭѾЩ͸֧Ͼ޵սҪһ˳־òֹһ
ƣֻܹսȥԸǣ
ڳޣǵѾǳһƬ֮ɫ
ǿߣҵסǣ죡
ŮȻˣͣеķɽѾһɫ⣡
ಣ
ֱֻվԳķɱȥ
ĿֻһǾΪ˳һ޵ĽΪԼֵӮñĳʱ䣡
ϴ󡭡
ЩԱųеŮӣһҲɱۣûκҪߵļ
ǳǽվԳķѾǱɱ
Ҫٲߣûлˣ
ŮһĨ֮ɫеķɽȴͣڿбŸʽĹ
ϴҪһǾԲģţûӱ
Ůӵһ˱ŷǿս⣬һֺηľ
һ̣ҲЩ㵣
ɽ֮УѾǿ壬һжϣ
һ̣ǰľƺЩ߸׵Ŀ˷ɶ˻ȴľҲΪ֮ݣ
ֻվԳƺǳ˷ܣ彫޵ǱѲɾûкô
Ȼǣޣ޳ˣ൱ĺôģ
Ҳ֮ͣҲ˵˷ˣ
˿̣
Ůӵг˼֮飬һһݺ˴ҡ
ֻǻδ䣬ֻվԳѾǱɱ
ǵпûκεͬ飬еֻǲпɱ¾




1926±뺷
 

ţ
ַƵĨһ˿֮ɫȻ֪ŵģ
ַƣ֪ţ
һԵҲЩʵߵ鲢Ϥ
ַƵͷ̫һʳҵţҿ̫һʳĴ֮һ
̫һʳţôأ׳ʵ
һ̫һʳˣ˼ҲǸӵĻˣ̫һʳ̫ɽ
ַôһ˵ôӦҲ֪ģ
ҪŲ飬ǵʱȻǣ̫һʳϾ֮ɲʲôһ
Ǻǣ̫ɽ̫һʳΧй̶ĵطṩأնɱ޻ȡԴⲻֵطģִ磡
ַҲʼ磬Ϸ۳˳ߣʵҲ֣
ԣ
Ϸ۳һַǿﶼܵ˵صģ
˼˵ǴߣȥǰɣҲǽѣ
ۣ
׻δ֮ʣ¿˺ˮûֱ³
ϴȻ˵Ҫȥæղ˵ͷ
ǿڵްϴһѲҪȥͷ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ֻǾ֮ʣ׵ӰѾʧǵĸǰ
Զȥ
ͷɫңһһѾǳŵĸǰ
𾪵Ĳֹг¿ˣŵһҲĿɿڴĿǰ֮ˣ
ʵû뵽ڴΣ֮ʣȻ˹ǣ
֨
ԭҪֵͷվԳƺܵ׵ĳ֣ǾȻͣһ£
Ҳһµͣ٣ݺ˴ϢĻᣬǳźȥ
ǶһεĹ
ڴڵĴŴݺ˴˿ɫɷף̧ͷ˿֮еףĨһ˿֮ɫ

Žһվͷ޵ĸǰŭһ
ʵϣҪ֣ɱɱͷ޶˵û̫壡
𣡣
׵Ĺһƺŭ˸ǰͷԳϵëѾȥЩ񣡣
Сģ
ݺǰǵףҲǵǵף
ֻһ̣оһĿɿڴ
ݣ
ѾǳǽվԳϺɱȥ֮ݺҪӵǿ
ۣۣ
Ѫע
ͷվԳĸ첲ѾɫѪƷˣ
Ҫ֪޵ķΪľˣʵԺƷ
ݺ˹ôã֮ǰһֻվԳƷ˼һУֻվԳѾˣ
࣡
һôԣ
ڣ
ݺ˸һ˿ʣǰλǰʵѾﵽڵĲΣ
оˣ
ݺ׵һȻ֪ǰ˵ǵѣǵޣ
ΨһȷǣӦò޵ˡ
׵ֿûͣ£ǰͷޣҲ¶һ˿â
ǹǲ
ǿɾ͹ֲˣ
ݹһ㣬ױŷ˾˵ս
գ֮䣡
Ѿתˣս٣һ֮ޣݺҲʿˮ
䣡
޴ĺͷѾǵ˵ϣ׵ûϢ
лǰ֮
ݺ֮дһ˿ѪȥЩѵĸоղűǽվԳУ˿緭һ㣡
ǿţܹѾˣ
׿˿ݺ֮Ͷѣ
ݺŵģ֪ǰǡݺֳ׵
΢΢һЦףѪţ
ɫ£
ݺЩȦǰһöɫĻ£ɫͨ죡
ǺǣŸոճѣҲʼ磬¿ԴʵʵȴһҪû
ǰݺһݣ
ݺ׵ĻҲǹ֮ɽϵĶˡ
װڰֵ˵̫һʳ֮ˣ
ǰ֪ң
ݺ¶һ˿ɻҲһ˿֮ģ
΢΢ҡͷ֪
ǰ
ݺоһͷˮǰոջ˵ǵݣתͷ֮ȴˣ
֪ɷﵥ̸һ̸
֪ʲôҲҵģҲĵص㣬ϣľܹ֪ϪϢ
ЩУԼſ֪ˣҪһ飡
̸̸
ݺɫһ죬Ҳ֪׵ҪʲôܸоЩ֣
׿ݺӣҲݸһЦﲻصģֻһЩ˽£
˽£
ݺɫӵĺˣǰ˵ɳӰϾǸŮ
һԵŵ˿Ҳһĺɣ




1927±Ϣ
 

֮У
ͷڵϣŵǰһĿɿڴ
̫ôǿˣ
ڵĽվԳǿնɱƺѾǳǵ֪Χˣ
࣡
˶Ǻһĸɬ׸ԼϴĶԻһûиҲ廰
ǰ˵Ҹϴô˵Ļͱˣ
ֻǰƺվԳȤǶǼϴȤ
ѲλǰǿǼϴ
뵽λǰ˵ЩǸƶ뷨
ǿݺ쵽Ӹƺӡ֤Լ뷨
Զ
׺ݺߵһƧ֮ݺЩĿס
ǰʲô飿
ݺͨͨţԿԸоóݺ˿Щ٣
ݸһЦʵҪһ顭
飿
ݺһҲסˣһλ۲۵ĴŮȻɴȴڵסǾգ
ʵϣݺղŲΪͷԲôǣ
Ҫ̫һʳǿһλֿȵ
ݺʵһʼҲǻˣҲΪν˽£Ҫ׷Լ
ϾԼľˣټΣʱ̳֣
Ӣ۾Ϸ룬ȻܹӮݺķˣһݺλǰĿڵĻῼһ£
ֻû뵽λǰһڣȻֻѯ飡
ҲεһЦǰʣ
̫һʳĴ壬Ӧ֪ʮǰ̫ɽɣ
׿ݺڼ֪ıǰϪϢ
ʮǰ
ݺüͷ΢΢ƺŬĻʲô
ʮǰ̫ɽ˵ֹһλŮӡ׳
ħŮ
ݺһʵƺħŮѾΪ˰ϪĴʣ
ĿһӦǰɣ
ǰʰħŮʲôݺɻĿʵ
ȤʹȻ
׵˵ܲ˵ŮӾԼŮ˰ɣ
ҪĴȥĻʱԼҲûиͣˣ
ݺ鼴Ϸ۳ǽ֮£֪Ȼ֪ܶ࣬ʲôȴ֮٣
Ŷ֪ˣ
׿ݺ͸һӵľʵ
ݺ΢΢ҡͷǰо֮Ҳǰֻ֪һš
֪ɷ֮׿ݺƺԼҪһЩ
ݺ΢΢ͷȻԣ֮ǰǰɷ֮ݺǰΪʲôҪ£֪ǰɷ֪Ҫ۵ģ
ۣʲôۣ׿ݺʵ
ݺ̫һʳҲû˸£Ǻ֪ܶ飬˵ʵʮǰǵһˣ
û˸ἰʲô˼
׵üͷƺԼҪӺܶࡣ
ݺ΢΢һ̾ʮǰ̫ɽȻһλŮӣδܶɻ󣬿ɺ顭
ݺʼ֪飬ʵܼ򵥣
ǰħŮͻȻ֮һҹͷ˵Χκﶼ
һЩǿ޽ӽ֮Ҳ쳣Ĳң
ݺʱŵǣһλɻʾڵҲɥ˵пǴ֮е֮壬Ͳ֮ˡ
֮
׼ʵδõԼҪĴ𰸣˵ݺ֪֪ĸûκεĲ
ǰٺ̫ɽ˰֮ã飬үү֪Ҳүү֪Ҳѯʣ
ݺʼ磬ʵ֪ܶ˶֪
ֻݺ֪ڻûٸҹ飬Ϊʳ˷
ϪϢǱ˷һ㣬˿Ϊ֮
ǲ֪ܹܲһүү׽ӿʵ
ݺ΢΢ҡͷҲǰֻүү֪Ҳܸǰ˵ġղѾ˵ˣ̫һʳ˸ἰ£ƺһɡ
ֻϣܹһ£ڽΣȻһе
׳֪֮ȷһɰĴڣ
ϣľܹҵϪ䣡
Ϫ̫ɽ֮ȥ
ǱץˣԼˣǱնɱ
̫ɽǱ˭˰ꣿ֮е׷ʲô飿
һе׵У֮ȥ
˻ԷԲܷϪģŮˣԲĿԼŮ˽ߣȴһ㣡
ݺһȻԣ




1928𾪵ĳ¿
 

֮У
ݺϵ̸ţݺҲǴӦ׵
ʵϣݺľΪ˱һ׵ľ֮鵽ʲôҲұ֤
˳˿ǵɫЩ֣
⵹ݺ˸
׶ų¿Ҳǳǻ㵽ʲôʱ򰡣ɣ
˭
ݺЩ֮ĸо֮ǰƺûзߣ
ܿ죬Ǳ㷢ˣʵߵҲǸɳڶѣһɡ
ݺһЩƵʵǰ⡭ǣ
׿ǼҲЦŵѪŵĳԱ
ǰɣ
ݺЩ±ˣһֻϻֻè
ŵãǵһμ
ЦŵոճѣԺһЩģǼ벻һӭ֮
ǣ
ݺףΪǿЦġ
ЦŵǿϵĻǾˣ
ûпϣʵҽģǸղǰֵĻŶѾȫûˣ
ݺףϽڰֵ
ֻͻȻ֮䱻˸沢ˣһʱỹЩԲ
Цŵ벻սһ¸߲εޣ
߲εģǰ˵ǡ
ݺһһԵҲĿɿڴĿף
ԭΪܹնɱڵޣѾţĲˣ
û뵽ǰλǰȻҪս߲εģ
ĻԺĻ£Ǹǿһ
ϴҪȻǸǰɰɣ
ǰϴǰĿԴս߲ε޵Ļǡ
ҲԸǰɣĳɹˣǿɾͷ˰
ǰĳɹˣԺԴɾͲóˣ
ŵ˼˸˷ܵĹâŻǼʲôģһлΪԴ
ɽ磬ԴһУ
Щ׷ĿҲǳΪϵɵۣһЩӵŸ߲ε׷
ţʵѾߵ˾ͷ
ȻˣҪһǲһȫûǵв˺ܴĴ
ڣһԸõδǺֶΪأ
Ϊʲôݺ˼룿ʵϷ۳ҲҪһݣ
ԴӸݺ֮ѰҰϪ鲢һ򵥵顣
ҪѰҵܣҵϪҪһܳĹ̵ġ
ԶҪӵĶ࣡
ţһܺõڻڼݺλ̫һʳĵϵܶ͸׽ˣ
ݺʵҲԥһѪ
һ棬Լֵһð̹⣬Ҳ֪ŷչƿ޷Լ˸ˡ
ףǼ֣
ݺ֮żΪӵ˼붷һѡ
ΪԼѡ񲢲һȷģ
ǰҴӦ㣡
ݺ죬Ȼ
׿˿ݺЦŵúɶ˻һʲôǺǣİɣԺŻģ
ҵģ
ݺЩĿף֪˵ʲô˼
ʵϣֻԼߵĹͶѣҪص۳ġ
Ųһʱ𣬻˵ڻԼݶõĶ
ǣȵ˺үү֮뿪ߣȥ̫һʳˡ
һеĿֻһǱѰҰϪټ
װڰֵˣԺҲҪǰǰĺˣҽףǺϴˣͷվԳţ
ǰϴͷվԳģôܡ
ݺ̰ڰֵ
׿ݺЦŵԺ۴κεޣһﶼƽ֣ȻǼѪţȻƽˣȻˣСҪմմˣ
һԵĳ¿硢ַƴ˿̻ŵЩ˵أ
̫ˣ
ϴʵ̫ˣ֮ǰϴɱ˱ŵ˵ʱǻһľʧ룡
ǲˣҸûµıҪˣ
һɱڵޣǱˣǿҲǿвһɣ
Ǹо𾪵ǣţǿ̫һʳպҵŰ
û뵽ŶҪˣֱӼѪˣ
ѪŻǰɫ°
ǿǳɫ°ڳ¿ǿǲ飡
ƫƫͷǵǰ
ͷڵޣǵ÷ֶٵʯ
һ뵽ߣ¿ѾǼѣǸоԼ˶ʼתˣ
һнΪһˣȥզΣȴĿɿڴˣף
ʱ䣬ѪżԲбķʽΧʮﷶΧڵһ򾡣
ΪǺҺͼҵĶԹĻǿ»أ




1929ʼ
 

ǽ⣡
ͼҵʮѾǼüһã
ЩŷֱͼҺͺңȻˣΧ֮˸
ͼҵ峤ͼ׵飬ֵҲǷз
ŴľܾͼңѾʲôˣ
˵ͼЩ޹⣬ϾΪǵһ壬ӵŴΪǿţ
ھȻ˸ܻ飬ҲֹһΣ
ҵסأ
ͼҺͺҪһ˶ϣ˿Ƿǳ飡
ͼرԸ񣬳ľҲо֡
ͼ峤ͼ峤ʯ˿Ҳǳ˴ǵĳ⡣
ͼ峤ͼߣһͼҵĸҲǽңͼͼưȻվͼߣдŵ޾ţ
ʵϣͼϡһŮ
ͼɫȷ˽֪飬ɽŮƣ˭Ҳһϵ
οȻ໹ܲҲǵɫ
ͼΪʲôҪһٶƺأ
ܶʵԿóͼұȻͼ
ֻֻ룬ȴڲ̨棡
ڵ̨ľͼұҾܻ飬ǶҪһ
ҸͼҵĶԹѾãһͼҿҪд˰
ǰ˵ҺͼҵĶעܴ󣡡
˵˭ˣǿҪóʥ͵һأ
ҵιԹԣҪ˵ĻǿκһҶе𣬾Ԫ˰
ҪߵͷˣһαͼҴᣬ벻˰
ºܶļ嶼۷׷ףʵһͿˣͼҶԺѾ˾֮·˽֪
Ⱥ룡
һλŽӣϵɨΧˣ
˲ǱˣǴʥǵĳѩɣ
ѩǴʥ͵ĳĵλڴǿνǷǳġ
ѩǴʥҵˣǴʥĴ֮һѩɵĵλӵˡ
ͼһصؽѩʵϾΪ˲κη̵Ļᣡ
ͼѩɣ΢ЦŹֵˣһͷˣ
ͼ峤αظҿԹнҲ֤߶ѣ
ѩ΢΢һЦδ鵱£
ͼһθĺôҲ٣ûر£ҲҪ飡
ѩھ͵ͼӮһεԱ֮ȷʯˡ
ʯҲǹֵͳˣ
ѩɵĿһۺʯ峤ԱԵĶԼ㿴һ£ûĻҰӡЧ
ͼˣͼû飡
ʯҲҺҲûκε飡
ѩһһεĹܼ򵥣ֻҪԹעͼҺͺҵŶԲμӱεԱԣھĹЭ̾ˣ
ͼһЦԣϷ۳ĴͳˣҾֻҪ֮У˭õڵߣ˭Ӯ֮Ϊ䡭
ȷʵòҲ֪ˣʵŵľһʵ
ѩɿźʯʵ峤飿
ǻõڵһأʯʵ
ͼǻõڵһȻҪóж˭Ѷϵˣ
ʯ忴˿ѩɣʵϴͼѩһͬǰԤЩ
Ǻ΢ǵﲻͼңӵﲻӵұѩɣ
ѩɿһۺʯǺ峤ŵù£±У
ȻŵùȻ˵Ļͳˣ
ʯ΢΢һ̾ʵһҲûҪӮ
һ֮󣬺ʯź뿪ǣ֪ǲ뿪ҶᱻͼҲʳ
ɽǿʳҲΪΣ
ѩ΢΢һЦȻ峤ͼ峤ŵùһεʼĿ귶Χ̫ɽ֮ûеõڵʱеŶ߼ϣɼɣ
ѩɻδ䣬ҺͼǱ߶ѾǴ
ΧΧ֮Ҳһ˷ܣ
ڴѾõͼҺͺҵԱԼҪʼˣ׵ǻ켣Ⱥ֮У
Ѫſע˺ҵ£
עʵǿԸĵģ׵ǾνĲĶһģ
ԭȥҺүүʯȥѯһ°ϪϢ
ֻҲ֪ȥѯʣʯûԼ̸Щ飡
ԣǱȵ֮˵ˡ
ЩһʧԼĸǰ׵˵ǲż
ЩǻõĶܹӮȡһεıˡ
׵ҪȴĲʱѡ
ҲҪ˷ʱ䣬ʱ䣬Ҫݺȥء




1930¾
 

̫ɽĳɽ壡
Ѫŵһ˵Ѿɽ֮£ɽɽƣƺЩ̫
¿˴˿ҲΪ˷ܣ
һʱ䣬Ǹ׺ݺЩǿߵ󣬼ֱˬˣ
Щջ񣬿ܹó¿紵һӵţˣ
ǿ״̫ɽҲǼѣ
ϴһιǸɶѲɱ𼶱𣿡
¿һ͇NࣇNࣵģѾӦˡ
֮⣬û֪׹Ҫʲô
ݺҲǲ²ѣ֪׹Ҫʲôģ
ԣ¿ʵǺ˼˵
𼶱ģ
΢΢ҡͷһĿɻʾڵһޣ
ʵϣײһҪնɱͷޣܹշ޵ĻȻǸòˡ
һӶһģȱջԳʵЩ࣡
ɾģ
¿ڴĿףΧ֮ѾЩ΢΢ʧˡ
ʵ϶˵Ψи߲ε޲׷Ŀꡣ
ںһ˵ͷ𼶱ǿ֣߳ȻҪɱ߲εˡ
ţ
ǵĿԸ߼ޣһ
أ
׾Ȼ˵𼶱ޣǵʧ֮ȻԱˡ
׹һֵȻҲɾˣ
¿ЩƵ˵˵ϴɲεûɶս԰
һڵļһ˵ⷬҪһ˿ĻҪЦˡ
Щһ¿˵ȷǱǸ߻ˣ
ɼǰǾǲԽĺ蹵Ŷ೤ʱ䣿Ѿˣ
ǳ¿翴ϣΧһ˵ҲǸоЩ
ݺȴоһ˿ͬ˵ȥ棬϶βܵ͵ġ
˵ʵһʼݺûɻȥ룡
Ҫ֪նɱһͷɻʾޣǿǳŸɵ鰡
˵ǿţΪֹҲֻնɱһͷɻʾޣѾ̫һʳǰʮˣ
˵ʲô
һ˵ɻʾ޵Ŀֲڶ˵ɻʾ޵ϡ٣
ɻʾŵϷ۳ȱȽǣ׸
ݺһ¿ˮЩΡΡʵִ磬ѡѵɻʾޣ
ʲôɻʾ
ݺδ䣬ЩԭЩͷɥųԱһ¶˾֮ɫ
ɻʾޣ
ǶôֲĴڰ
Ȼ֮ǰȷ˵ʱҸɻʾһԣҲ˵˵ѣ
ɻʾޣôɱĻ̫һʳǱضǳˣ
ܹӵнɫµţô
˵ֶܹĹ
̫һʳжٵĺǿѾǲҪڹˣɻʾ޵ĿֲǸӲˣ
׿˿ݺЦŵ˽Ұɽ֮ϣӦסһɻʾڵޡʲôҲǺ
ɻʾڵޣҵ谡
ϴۡҪȥǿɻʾް
ǰһŪǿҪŵİ
ʲôϴڣɱһɻʾĻС˼
¿֮⣬֮϶¶˾ݣ
ɻʾޣǾɱ񼶱Ĵڣ
ôܹأ
¿粻ǳţ»Щ̵ˣǽˣ
ݺг˾֮ɫִ磬ۡǲǴӳ飿ɻʾ޿ɲ𾳣ǵսǳĿֲ
¶һ˿ȻЦݵɻʾ޵սȻǲСҲ̫ģа취
ϴĪʵѾﵽɻʾˣ¿˺ȻĿʵ
ܣִʵǿԿóģ𾳳ڣ
ݺʵҲ޴ţ
һڵôֻɱֻڵأ
˿Ǿ޿ܵ飡
Ҫ֪һͷڵޣǼ൱ڵǿߣս־Ŀġ
ѲԼˣԼоʵֻôࣿ
΢΢ͷ˵ûȻҵĵƣˣҿɲһս
ִ磬а֣ݺ׵ˣ
Ҫ֪ôʱ䣬ɴûпʲôְ
΢΢һЦҵʦϾͻʱǾʹ߿žˣ
ʦܣ
ݺɻʵһǶһϣģ
ֻɻʾ޵Ļǳ˿Ҳûκεˡ
໣
۷׷׵ʱһ߿֮쳹ɽȣ
ǺԭΧŵЩޣһɢ·ʲôֲĽһ㣡




1931½ǻ
 

ɽ֮ϣ
һڵӰĸ˳׵˵ĿһӶӰ
˿ɽ֮һͷͺǣֻǺǵıȴһɫëȥôͻأ
˶ǱǰһĻŪסˣ
׿ͷǣҲ¶һ˿Цһ￴ͷǣ
û뵽ɻʾ޾ȻֱԼı壬֮гɱ¾֮⣬ûκεڵ
ɻʾҪûǷǳ򵥵ġ
ڵһǲûεģΪûαǵ
Ҳֻ¶ʱǲܾмǿ
˵ûε޺ûлûε޵սһεģ
ɽ֮Уһ㶼Ǵڱ״̬
ЩȺɽ֮УǸˣ
ϾҪԺܶŵΧɱҪޣֺγҪʳҪɱǵأ
һ޽⣡
һ£ֻһܹţ
ִ֡磬⡭ǽǻʣ
ݺûɻһѡ˿϶
ʵΪ̫һʳĴ壬ݺļʶȻҪȳ¿Ҫ̫ˡ
ǻʣϴ⡭ɻʾޣ
˶ǵһ˵ܲٲܲٵ
û뵽׻δ䣬ɻʾѾǳ˵ĸǰ
һӾ͸ܵһǿʶסǣԶǻʾԼͷһҲŵö׵
׵ͷȷǽǻʣһֻͻﵽɻʾΣܹΪǻʡ
ǰݼأǻʹΪǿһǱǲݵľ氡ݺף֪ѾӲˡ
ݺһƬıȻ˵Ǽʶʶ
ѾǼʶˣһŪǱȫû³
Ψһָ¾ǰܹԸһˣΪʣµЩȥҲҵġ
䣡
׻δ֮ʣǽǻʵӰѾʧ˵ĸǰ
ܿ죬ǵǰһĨţ
һĨ֮צһĽ˱һĻˣ
ٶ̫ˣ
쵽ǼûκηӦʱ䣬ɻʾڵޣȻֱǷͬ찡
ȭ
һ˵ĸǰǵȭӰצ֮ӰѾײһ
Ӳɻʾڵޣ
飡
һһڣӰӽ֯һײһҵ
໣
ǽǻȻû뵽ǰȥļһȻڹؼʱܹŷ˵
Ҳʶĳ˼˿ȫµëѾ
ɿԼȭͷԼʹ˴ǣƤ񰡣
ǽǻʰȻͦĿһĿף
ٺ٣ʦ磬һﻹͦ͵İ
ǽǻ׼һηʱԭۼһεͣˣ
ΪԱ߾ȻһһȻûз֣
飡
һǳˣʵ׵ʵҪսʤǻʾǲܵ飡
飬һоͱ÷ǳļˣ
ܹѪŵߣȻΪĵ
໣
ǽǻʷһͳĺ֮ȴЩɺ֮ɫ
ܵΣĴڣ
˿̣ȫעĿ飬һԵ׺ˣƺѾעĿˣ
ˣ
кȻ֮һϴСĺɫʯͷһԲεĶ
ֻǵոóʱǽǻʺƷһֱӳķ˹ȥ

һ󾪺Ѿ˴˿̵ΣգǾôֱ㶵Ŀ飬жΪһѺ
Цһֱӭǽǻʵķͳ˹ȥ
ǿǿԻ
ȭͷƴ֮ǰӲһ޶
¡
ȭͷ·һ֮ϣɼˣǽǻҲǱƻֺȭͷ˺ײֹͣ
ɽ֮һƬž
˾ô㶵Ŀ飬һǷ·𿴵һλս
ǽǻʸͣЪһÿ겻
ݣ
޴צ裬ǲŲæĳӦսһһޣò֣
ݺ˿ųеΣǵ۾һ´ʲô
һʱ䣬ɽ𵴣ԶЩţ̫ɽǿҵĲҲŵĻ̻̣
ǲ֪̫ɽ׷ʲôֻǳƺڸǣڷһҵ
ǻƺ,һԵ׿սپ飡
֣ʦ磡
¶һ˿⣬ѾǶһһķɽޣ
ǽǻʿ飬һƺҲǸܵвѾǿʼ˱仯




1932ǿնɱ
 

֮У
˿ĿɿڴλνϴʦܣȻǻʣ
ֲ̫ˣ
Ҫ֪ǻǿɻʾڵʵֱǿֲ֮
ףǽǻʵĺôղֻһСëڱôˣ
¿˿Զ޴ĽǻʵıӰҲǿЩĿɿڴ
ݺų¿Ĩһ˿Ȼ⡭ǽǻʵռս״̬
ϴʲôռս״̬
һԵҲЩʵȥʵЩ߼ĺܣ
ݺνռս״̬ʵϾһЩ޵ʶ̬ǻʣ״̬¾֮ǰǸӣ󱳶˽ɫë˵Զǿѹȣ
ǡϴʦôذ
˿һĽ˿ǿ׸£
˵ǰ
鿴ǽǻʣҲЦһﻹеèĹҪҶ
໣
黰δ֮ʣǽǻѾǻһɫӰӳ׵ķֱ
ݣ
֮У޾צռǰһƬռ䣡
ȹƺЩ˿ǿ
һ룬еķɽצ֮ʱ˲ŷצжôľˣ
䣡
鲻ϵţÿһצƺ൱ɻʾǿߵıǿһ
Ȼռ̬ĽǻʣȹҲûûţ
һɻʾڵʵȻܹȹѾ˹Ŀ࿴ˡ
ɻʾڵ棬ǻӦҲʵˡ
㹥ˣֵ˰ɣ
ɵĽסԼǿǽǻƺһЩ֪룡
ԭΪԼܹɵսǰ֮ˣһƺŷչţ
໣
һۻĺֻǺ֮£ȴһ˿Ϣ
ǿ߽棬һʵѾ֪ˣ
һ
ŭһ֮һ޵Ľĸ˳
ֻصѹ˸оһĿֲ
̫ɽ֮УеһƺǸ˹ȥ
ֻû˸ҽӽط
һﻹ԰һ£⽫ͳӣȥԵ÷ǳƣ
ɻʾ۷ѹԭдһ˿ŭĽǻһ̾ȻЩɪɪ
ǰ飬ʲô
һҲǸʲôʡ͵ĵƣһѾֱȥƺκһ˿ɫʣ
ֿ
ǽǻһ̾ȻǷ˵ֿһķоȻ¶һ˿
䣡
ֻЩˣ
׿ǽǻʵ֮ҪֹѾЩˣ
еĽ˽ǻʵĺ֮ϣƺһսѾǳ׵Ľˣ
⡭ͽˣ
ݺҲǵɴ۾ǰһĻҪ֪ǿɻʾڵް
û뵽ȻӮ˵ɣһ뵽նɱɻʾޣѾһĻ
Ҫ֪ɻʾǿǼֵǰ
΢΢Ŀݺˣһ￴ŮȿʲôҪ˷ܣ
ÿһǸ飬ҪȻĻҲ֪ҪŮأ
׵һӣԭϵͷǻѾʧ
ҪģǻѾ봢ָ֮ˡ׳
ݺ˷ܵĵͷִ磬⡭λǣ
׿ЦŵҸλһ£飬ʦܡ
ʵҲǱﻵˣи䣬ǷǳԸ⣡
ֻֿ֪ݣһŻĳоЩҪ谡
鵹൱Ŀҽ飬Ժλհ
ǰ˵ﻰԺǻǰָ㡭
˿ɲһĸǰװ˼ǿɱɻʾڵ޽ǻʵĳţ˰
ûĿһСܲܲҪ⳶˰ˣ֮ǰΪʲôǽǻͻȻ㷢谡
ʦ磬㲻ɣⶼʶ
ҲˣʵҲܹףĺܶ鶼ļ䣡
ûļĻɽŶ೤ʱ䣿
ЩʶʵǺ飡
⵽ʲô
׿һεͳһںڵԲεʯͷҲüʵ
һԵݺ˿ʯͷɴ۾ǰ⡭Ī޵
λŮǺҸղųȥǻʵõһ޵
ҲǳݺЦŵ
׿ЩŹֵ˵ǿе֣ˣȥǻʵϳɣ
˽˷ܵĵͷ޵ȾѾûˣ
кöġ




1933һҹųԱ
 

̫ɽĳɽ֮£
һ޴ĶѨ˵ĸǰݺͳ¿˶ǵһο˴ĶѨһĿɿڴ
ͽǻʵס𣿺ô󰡣
¿ҲʿˮһԵЩҲǺò˶٣
ܿ죬һɢʼǵԱ֮ã
׺黹ݺվһ
׿ݺЦŵﲻȥûʲôö
ݺʼʱһﶼƽ֣ȥһڿҲûж
̬ǺܲЦŵ
ݺ˵ʵִ磬ŵֵ׬ˡջѾǸϵ֮ǰ齨ʮջҪĶ࣡
ݺǷĵ˵ⷬ
ʵϣڼѪϣһֱԥ
ʵ֤Եһˣ
ٴµֵѾ׬貧ӯˣ
ϴǿöʯ
֪˭ŭһɽһ֮УѾǺܶפǱ߾ֹ̾ˡ
׵˳Ǹ˹ȥʵЩ˵û̫Ȥ
ܹס׵ʲôΨһЩϡı
ʯ֮Ķûɶ
ѻɽ
׵ߵߣǷǻʻЩ˽أ
ǰЩȥսƷһ㣡
Щ̫ˣʯеҩйؼ֮ģνһоУ
ݺ˵һ°ɡ
ܿ죬ǰ˾Ͷ뵽ЩսƷĹ֮УǻѾǹֵǮˣ
ڼǿŽǻʵ޵˵һεջѪ˵һҹ֣
ȴ֣Ĺ̻ûн
ǰЩԵһ£ֵǳǧƷʯġ
ǧƷʯʲô
ĿǰѪżҲʮˣƽĻÿ˶ܹ䵽Ʒʯ
ǿһʲƵľ޿
ƷʯһСʳļ壬¶òģ
ӵôʯĻԼȥ嶼ûˡ
һҹİɣ
ÿ˵дŵĶʯ֮Ķ
ϴЩôְ
һ˵ʻ˼
˿ףǵҲڴı飬ʵǲܹƽ֣
ֵֻһ㣬Ҳ൱Ķˣ
װڰֵЩǷ˰ɣ䣬ƽɣҸ飬Щ˵ûã
ִ磬ⶼǰĹͣǡô˼
ݺԭЩģȫߵĻȻûл˵лЩζ
ȫ˼һҪ
¿˿ףҲ̵ϴҪǲҪôð
ַҲǵͷִ磬ǶմĹ⣬ʵҵı£ⱲӿҲӵôʯģʵ̫ˡ
ЦŵǺǣõĶȻҲɣö޵ҸˣʣµǷ˰ɣ
ִ磬⡭⻹һƷɽ
ݺףҲһɵʵѲƷϣ
ʵԽԽӦøĶ
˵õֶ̧ˣ
װڰֵﲻڻõƷԺҲڵĻŵĹǣƷ͸ˡ
ȻûκεݺҲǼ˰죡
ƷôҲû뵽ԼƷȻôĵˣ
˵׺֮⣬ڸǸ͵֣
ʵ̫ˣ
һǷЩͷһʱ䣡
׺վɽ棡
ʦ磬ϪɩӵϢûУ鿴ʵ
һﲻ֪ĿǰûϢȵʺҵ峤ǱʲôϢ
׳ҲһĨڣоԽԽˣ
ͷ֮ǰǸ˵»ûеô򵥣֮Ȼ֮壬ǱõĻǾһɱ
ҵȻ֪굽׷ʲô鶼֪˵ô죿׳
һôǱ뾡ҵϪɩӣ룡
˻һۣʵ֪ϵԽԽأ
ɽ֮Уһϲ̵˳
ʱ˵ǳĿ졣
˿̣ѾǴһѪӶŵѾǳɽµķ˹ȥ




1934ʧĺ
 

ǳǽ֮⣡
ͼҺͺҵ峤룬ǳѩվ˵ĸǰ
ǵƺǱȽϵأ
ѩɣһֱǳ̫ɽķȥüͷ
ˣǰ̫ɽдΧɱޣ
ͼѩɣҲǳ
ѩɵͷ֪ĸʳǱɱͦ󰡣
ǰ˵˵ǸطֻǱ߳һЩսĺۼ֮⣬Ѿûκ˴ڣ
ͼҲĽ˵ɱޣÿһŵ룡
νĳޣָľ𼶱ϵޣ
ͼּļǼֱǲԽĸɽ
һߵĺʯͺƽɫѿĺܣ
Ѫţ
Ҽϣţ˿̿ȥɫ̫ã
ĿǰѪŵϴɺͺƽϵΡ
ֻǴıһεĽȻǲ⣡
״ˡ
źʯ壬дһĨǸ⣡
һԵĺƽͺﶼǽĿźʱﻹ˼ȥأ
ֻԼĸܹǴϲ
ʯ΢΢ͷȻ֮дһĨɫɱȴǳĵȻ
ǻˣ
ǵģ״ˣЩֹĿźʯ壬ƺЩݣ
ʲô
ʯ忴źĵȴԼĶ˵
״ˣҡ׼һѪǱ̫ɽһЩĵطѰޣɡƺǾ֮һ㣬ս
أ
ʯ򵥵ʳ֣Ҫľǽ
̾һҡֻɱһͷɺڵޡ
ɺڣ
ʯѾ׼ɺ⼸ֵʱЩ˲̲סüʵ
ɺڵޣʵ̫һ㣡
˵һѾˣһԵĺƽͺ˵Ũصľ֮ɫ
ɺڣͼóһҲܹӮˣ
״ˣҡҶԲҵ
Լĸף֮г֮⣡
ʯֹ˺ĻҺԭûӮϣǱˣ
һں֮˴ͷɥ
ʧһӵҵм䣡
ȻҲ֪伸ǰ϶飬˭лûһϣأ
ֻϣˣǵĻҲǱˣ黹Ǽȵʧģ
ɫҰףһ뵽ΪԼܵ˾޴Ĵ˲Щĸо
һߣ
ѩɿͼһЦЩ߼ŵʵҲû̫ĹϵǻǽͼҺͺ֮ɣҪģ
ͼһ̬ҲЦŵӦһͻˣˡ
ѩݸһЦĳȻǲУϾԵıԣҿ϶ҪһЩȨ˹ˡ᳤
Ⱥ֮Уֿһ·һλߴüĿһͷ׷ѩɵ˵ĸǰ˹
ȻǴԹ᳤û뵽˼˰
ǰ᳤ײɽİû뵽ͼҸҵĶԹȻ᳤
ʵСѹҲҪ᳤һ޻˵ˣ
԰᳤ǳĸһغҿûƢҲû˵ˣ
µ˿Թ᳤ѩɵ˵ķ˹ȥҲһ۷׷ף
᳤Թĵˣ
Ҫ֪ԹϷ۳˵УǾһȨԵĴڣ
ѩɽ뵽ߣǺǿҲ޻˵ˡ
һѩɺͼΪľúҳ׵óԼĵ̣ǵĿǷΧ֮ڣ
Ҫģֻ֣
᳤ˣ
ѩɶ᳤ҲʮֵĿȻڴʥǲ
ǸԹȣһССʲôأ
ͼҲǹ᳤Цŵ᳤ǿǺþò˰
᳤Լĺ΢΢һЦĳͼ֮ĶԹĳܲͼ峤к峤Ӱ
ѩЦŵ᳤ӦҲ֪ǰ˰ɣ
жţνԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬͼҺͺҼȻҪķʽìܣĳȻ£λģ
᳤һЦĲǹƫܵģһóһƷʯ֤
ֶֺΪأ
ΪԹĻ᳤Ҳһλ߲ǣ
Ȼߣ˭ҪõԴأ
˿̣ͼҵ˶־ͼͼƿҵѾǱˣ
űŵ˴̫ɽķ˹˵ǿ˱ţ




1935±ŵǳ
 

ǽ⣡
ͼ֮жǴһ˿˿ΣһαŴӵͼͼƵĸͼɽ
ͼɽɾǿߣȻͼһЩ࣬ѾǺܴˡ
Աһʵû̫
ǾͲһˣʯɾǿߣĶӺǽ۷ʵ
ɾȻֻһ֮ңһȴ֮
ɾ֮£ǳ
ɾ֮󣬲οɾͲһˡ
ҲΪʲôͼѹźһͷԭ
ͼ峤峤
᳤ͼͺʯ΢΢׵
ͼͺʯ˶᳤Ȼǲ̫˹᳤
᳤ڰֵλ峤ڴǧأҵʱ仹ҪһЩûбҪͷôˡȻҹұ㵱Уλ˭
ʯ忴һΧ֮ˣƵ˵᳤Ǻɣ
ʵϣʯѾǳһεʧܣ
ʧˣԼҲܶҲơ
һԵͼɽЦһߣǺҵѪŻҪͼҵıűȣ峤ҿ㵹ֱʹˣ
һͼɽҲŭһͼɽʲô˼ȻûбأΪʲôҪ䣿
ӴӴӴҵʱ˭أԭһǧ궼ûͻɾĺɰ
ͼɽѾɾ𣬰˵ҲҪǳصġ
Ͼɽɭϵĵȼƶȣ
ǣĻһоͱòͬˣ
ŭһͼɽ̫
۸ôΣѲҪŲ̄ɣ
ͼɽĿȫǷϣǲмúһ㣡
ͼɽĶ֣һλǲҰܣһ̺챻ˡ
ʯ忴һԼĶӵ£
״ˣͼ̫ˡԼĸ׺ǳԼҲЩ۵
£ҵĻ𣿡ʯһת᳤᳤ʼɡ
᳤˵ȻҶû飬ĳ㿪ʼˣһеŵ˶ҳ
һ£
Ⱥ֮г֧Ŷ飬β룡
ǵƺЩ޹⣬Ѫŵˣһ˪һ㣡
ÿ֧鶼ϽǵսƷɣֻ޵ڵ
᳤һЦʵһεзǳļ򵥣⻹пɲռġ
ڵһҪǴ˵й޵ڵʵҲǿԵġ
Թרоģһΰ᳤ҪǼ޵ڵǷնɱȡġ
޵ڵһڶʻģ֮ıü
Ȼˣ⹦ЧҲһЩֻ𲢲Ǻܴ
һţɺڵһö
ţɺڵһö

ſʼϱԼսƷʵ⼸νŲĶѡ
˵ŵľǺʵΪǿѪŵս
Ѫţɺڵһö
ͣ
Ⱥ֮˺ǵ֮ͼǱѾ̲סЦ˳
ɺڵⲻǿЦɣ
˵ͼܹӮˣ
ͼΪͼҵ峤Ѫŵս֮˶Ц
᳤ҲɻĿ˿ɺڣȷ𣿡
ȷ
ǺȻȷʱ˭йЦأ
˵ʵô˵Ը˵أ
ղŲǇNɪôNɪˣɺڵ߻ĸأҪҪ
ͼɽ©Ŀźһ˼Ҳǳ׵ķ
һԵͼ翴Լĸ΢΢һЦ״ˣѾǰ϶飬ҿҪȥˣ
᳤΢΢ҡͷ˿һԵͼɽͼҵó֮еõõڵ
һ£ͼʮʼ
ɼ֮ѾǺô̫̫ˣǱŻûгѾͼŴ򵽽ɼڵˣ
˵һͼӮѾǰ϶ˡ
ͼɽ˵᳤λǵǣǱһʱִ٣Ҳûдʲô̫õĶܹóҲɾڵڵһö
ɾڵڵ
⼸־һҵϣ˿̵ĺҸоһ߲ѾǱҿˣ
һûܹõóֵĶˣûеĻĳһͼҵıʤһǣͼ
᳤ոҪ˵ͼֵʱ򣬺ȻȺ֮߳˼ˡ
Ϊ֮˿˿᳤˳š




1936Ǻҵ
 

ǽ⣡
ͼ֮һȻı飬һһͿأ
ͼҿ˵ʤң᳤ֻ֮㿪ʼҪֺҵĲҵˣ
ȻֻǽһĲҵ˶ףҺܿΪͼҵ֮
ͼҵԺǵһĵλҪԽԽȹˡ
ͼͼƶԺ䳰ȷǼ̵Ǵ̼˺ˣ
Ϊ֮һĺзζըˣ
ûа취˱ˣ
ֻΪԼԭú˴ѣôܹİأ
һʱ䣬˫£
ʯɫҲ˼㣬ǧĻۣһȫɢ
Ѳɲ
֪ĸûκεô᳤ͼʤϢ
֮ѾŤͷ׼뿪ʤ߽ܱ˵ףأʧȻȻȥ
û˻ͬʧߣȴкܶ˻׷ʤߣ
ΪҪ䶨ʱȴ֦ڣȻ˿Ĵ᳤ӲĴͼҺͺҵ
ܶ˶ǿףҪһﵽ˭
Ϊʲôʱ᳤ֹ֣
Ȼ㣿㵨Թ¸ص᳤ǰ˼˵
ͼɫһ䣬ϸĿ˿֮ɫ˼㣡
һﲻһǸһ
ԩ·խ
仰˵ĻûдһԵͼƿҲŭһû뵽˻Ե
᳤˵˲ǱˣһֱԱ߿ŵף
ʵϣһҲ˳ƶΪҲ˳顣
һݺ˿ǰ˾ȻҶô˵Ҳŭˣ׼վ֣ȴڰֹݺ
Ҫ
⶯ɱһû˼
֡ף㣿
ҵҲפ㣬Ͼ⣬ҲҪ⵽ô£
һף˾㵵Ͷϲ£ˡ
ôҲû뵽һͼҵ֮󣬾Ȼһ
ҲˣһȻͼô˵᳤ֹ
ڿһһNɪĳ¿ˣҲЩ֪ˣ
ʯ忴źʵλǣ
׸ͼ֮ˣźʯͺǱߵķ򣬹ֵףѪŵϴ󣡡
Ѫţ
ʯ忴ףĶͷҲһ֡
Ѫŵʲô
Ҳû˵ŰֻǱ˵İɫ£Ҳһ
ɫ£ǿ͵ȼĻ°Ÿոճã
ɴ۾׵㡭㻹ȥ˰
ǺǣΪأûʲôص㣬˵ȻҪ㻰ġѪעʱǹ˺ҵµġ᳤ȻѪǹ˺ҵ£ǲҲһαԵһأ
׿˿תͷֿ˿һԵ᳤
᳤ʵзǳĲˬԼǱŽһﾹȻԼ
ʵԼҲûôһЩͣҲϸϸġ
᳤ҲǸϹӣѲɿϵĻ
һոճţŰɫĻ£ڴԼʲô˼
ѲΪԼԸ˼Ҵǵһű
ֱǺ֣
᳤ͷ̬ȴûôˣǺҵţǵȻǿġ˭֤أ
ǣðһž˵ǺҵģԻҪҪˣ
ͼ翴Цһϸûκεĵ֮ɫ
˵һոճֻӵаɫµţʲôвأ
ǱǿǴǵһţ
һſɲǰ׽еģ
ЦһȻѾ£ǼѪǲǺҵţԹҪˣ
᳤ǺðɣȻô˵ˣҲƻ˹򣡡
᳤ȻȷǸˣ
Ȼ˱仯ҲһεıԱòƽ
ͼ峤ͼһԵ᳤Ҳ̫ˣǿɲܹë
᳤ڰֵͼ峤ȻǱԣǹƽȻҪõϵġȻ˵ǺҵţǰչҲӦһεı֮У
ѩɳ᳤Ȼô˵ˣǡ
Ȼµı仯ҿȥԹᴦɣͼ峤ͺ峤û飿
᳤뵽һеİ취طֲ鲻ŵĵϸ
ǵصԹᣬԼҲҪȥģⲻһ
û飡
ͼͺʯ弸ͬʱ˵
ֻ˵ıвһͼ˿̿׵񼸺ҪԼĿɱҵļһ
ʯһɻ֪ͻȻֵ˵Ǹǻ




1937ֻɱһ۵
 

ǣԹᣡ
ƺƵȺһεԹᣬܶ˶ǳ᳤Ͽ˹ȥ
ԹߣԼϴˣһҲվſӭӣ
᳤ˣˡ
˵Թһλ᳤𷽣
᳤ָעǱ߲һ飬ûһѪŵģǵһ
᳤վſڣδԹ棡
ϾԹĵطʵЩСҲܹôΧ۵˶ܹõ
ͼҺͺҵĶԹǣ˷棡
Ǽеڹע飬
ܶʵϣ䣬ΪǱһأ
ǸӵĲҵͼҵˣͼӴֻܹͼҿԼļźã
ҲһЩͼҽõǷǳеϣͼǳưԣ
ΪԺڴǵӿɾͺùˡ
̵ͷ᳤ˣղѾǰ˵飬ѾΪλϡ
˵ɣ
᳤ĿһףȻ
𷽳ѪǰעģڴǺҵ
ŶǺҵģ
᳤Ҳ΢΢ͷʵ׺ܹѾ˵ӦþǺҵ
ǵģ᳤ˣȷģ𷽳
ʲô
᳤żֹӣҲǳʵ
𷽿˿᳤Ȼֿ˿ͼ˵ҲǰŵһĳԱնɱԹᣬƺҲйأ
ʲôɱͼ
ͼɫһӾ֮ǰնɱǸһͼ
ͼҵϵ츳ҲǷǳĲ
ͼǱŵĺĳԱһεĲñŷѡ
ΪҪμһεԱԵĻҪȫ̳Ѱɱˡ
ֻû뵽̤Ьٴȫѹ
ɱԶ߽ǰ
֪ģͼ峤𷽿˿ͼʵҲֻǲ²⣡
ڸղѾǻ㱨ˣǸ׾Ƕ֮ˣȷ˵һ£
үүСӾȻɱǱŵˣǿɲܷŹСӰ
ͼڰͲһأһ￴ȥǸԼñӵˡ
￴Ǽһƺ̫һ
һԵĺ֮Ҳסˣɱ˱ŵˣҲô
Ҫ֪ǿǸŲݵһ棡
׵˵ɱһ۵Ķѣ
ˣúúãȻڴɱͼ֮ˣ㹻ְˡ
ͼŭģ˿Ѿǽǰһ˱ɱ֮˵
ֻ׵Ҫɱ˱ܹɱ˵
ͼ峤
᳤ɫһû뵽鵽ĵزԹɱ˵ȷǲҪʲô̫Ρ
һ˭Թأοô˿ء
ͼҺͺҵ飬ٵһεı֮ڽɣ
ڵɱɱģʲôӣ
ͼɫ᳤᳤ֵ࣬һɱǱŵˣͼҾԲŹһ᳤ȡ
ˣͼҸ֮ĶԹ᳤ֻһ飬ǾǷֳͼҺͺ֮ʤ˶ѣ
᳤ͼɫҲһ
ŭ𽥽ĸϣͼҲ᳤֪ǿǲ֮٣
ͼ᳤˼ǡ
ҵ˼ҵ˼ȷҵʤǵìܵ뿪ԹȻôˣ
᳤˵ּ֮ìܣɲǣ
ʯҲǳͼЦһ᳤֮
úúãҲСˡͼҲŭ˵ͼҵ˰һԵıţ˿̶ɱ˰Ŀ⿴ף
ƣȥǹ˵ģ
᳤˿׵ȻѾ֪ѪŵݣڵȻҲںҵϵġ
ЩһﵨӻǴ󰡣Ȼɱ˱ŵˣ
ҸͼѾǲݵľˣһǵù
ùʲôԼŵ˶ɱǻʲô鲻
ҿܻˣȻķʽͼң
ϧˣĺֻܹŭͼңҿһ֮ڿ¾ҪǴǵİͼʧˣ
ΧΧָָ֮㣬ǿźҵ۵֮ͬɫ
һ壬ΪɱһˣҪˣ
ͼһҲŭȵϽģΪӾܹ𣿱峤Ͱѻߡ
룡һ᳤Ѫŵڵ
˵꣬׵Ѿǳһöڵöڵʲôġ




1938²ʶ᳤
 

ڵ
˿еڵʱҲĿⶼ߾ۼ˹
ֻǵ˿ڵʱ򣬶Цˣ
ΪǸܲڵ̲֮ص
ڵǴ֮
Ϊ󲹣
ʵϾǷڵ֮󣬶ʱڿԼͻƣǱһĵҩҪǿܶ࣡
ʵϣһЩҩʦǽڵƳɵҩ
۸ҲǷǳĸߣΪڵľĶͻǷǳõġ
һ˵ڵļԽߣ۸ҲԽ
ԹרžǴģǵ۹ȻҪһҪõö࣡
᳤ͼ᳤ָһƳڵ֮Ҳüͷ
ڵʵ࣬ҪڵǻҪͨĴ洢̺жϣ
˵жڵ򵥵ķǸӦڵ̲ص
ֻ׵ڵ֮󣬸޴̽飡
ֻеȵһܹĸܵڵǿ
һҲ̫Ц˰ɣǵǲɱް
ǰ޵ڵ֮оȻûҲǹ˵İ
ǿһİɫ¾֪ˣʲô
⵹˰һܹնɱͼ˵ҲЩʵİôܣ
Χ۵һһǱ߲²ţ
ɲô²⣬ڵû̺ʵɣ
һﲻǺĶȰɣʱȻ鿪Ц
᳤һеڵĪǸڿЦ
ͼ̵᳤ҿСӾǹҵģҿ᳤ͼҾ͵һ
ǰ᳤СôԹ
һԵļ᳤ָҲЩȻûʲô
һԹᣬΪԹĸ᳤ȻҲĲˡ
ʯ˿ףҲ¶һ˿ʧı飡
ԭڴ漣֣漣һ֧飡
һܲڵôܹӮͼأ
ʯ΢΢̾ϢһԵĺҲƵĺܣ
֮ǰ˵ͦƯģʵ̫˰
ҲЩֵǣǳ¿˾Ȼһֱӡ
̫˽¿ˣһһֱǵСµ֣
û뵽Ȼһյ磬ʵЩְ
¿統Ȼеˣûп֮ǰ׵˴ɱķ龰Ҳһ
ǽǲͬգ
۲ʶ񰡣ǿǽվԳڵֵǰ
˾Ȼ˵վԳڵڳ¿翴ǰ˲
˼ϴʲôָͷ¾ܹɱˣ
ҲΪʲô¿һֱԭ򣬸Ÿ־ˬ
᳤ˣҿˣ
׿˿᳤΢΢һЦ᳤ʶ֮˰
᳤ЦһóǸ˶óɣóʲôõĶǿɱҲˣ
ͬЦһһΪԹ˻۽أڿҲˣʶ
㡭ʲô˼
᳤һ㶣һô˵ʲô˼Ѳ˵Լʶ
óĶǸղʶ̽һȴʲôҲû̽ĳ
ΪԹһʦ᳤ΪԼļʵǺǿģ
û뵽һﾹȻ˵ԼˣһӾͼ᳤ŭ
ߣûб£ȻҶ᳤š
ѩΪҲǿǰһ
һ·һƿԼеӣ൱Ĳˬ
ֿһﾹȻϷ᳤ȻҲܲˡ
˵ˣͼһкģڵ͸˳ˮͼңԼúҵĶҲ̫˼
᳤һţҵҪһ˵ʲô
һԵݺ᳤ҲЦһ᳤ΪԹĻ᳤ȷǲôΣ޵ڵǾȻʶ
ڣΪ˶ɵ𣿿ǺҪӮѾ伫˰
ͼһݺĻ˿ŵЦ
ڵڵ
治ˣʲô˻ûиذɣ
ݺЦһȻСطǲʶ
᳤üͷ壬ĸֵʱҲһ㶣
ʵöڵǴӴСɫͨڵ
ֻûиܵõ
ڿ˵˵ƶһҲЩɻˣ
֪ɷһۣ
᳤˿ףüͷһε
ЦһȻ᳤Ͼǲ
ݣ
׻δ֮ʣеöվԳڵѾǳ᳤ϣ
һ᳤̣ɫҲ৵һ±ˣ




1939¸߼չԹ
 

Թǰ
ܶ˶ǳĿ׵ˣһҲ̫ҪһЩ
øڵ˵ڵģ
ѲΪڵڵǴײһڵڵ
ǣĿǰû˵ĸܹնɱڵأ
һŸɫĻ£ܹնɱڵޣ
ĻǴųɫµıܹնɱɵۼˣ
ֱǳеĳ
׾ȻĽڵ˦᳤ͼҵ˶¶һ˿мı飡
һԺҵ΢΢̾Ϣ粻ҪһĻˣ
ⶼ˵İ
᳤ʵһʼҲôΪģڱ׵˴̼֮Ҳģ
һӾܹ𴩵飬Ϊʲô˼Ŵ˵
һ˵Լʶأ
Ҫ᳤֪ǱڵǿߣԹʵǿʥԹǶڵʵ𲽵ġ
ֻǺһ㣬Ҳһ᳤
ɽ䣬Ҳڵʵ𲽣ò˵ԹỹһΪӴ֯
Ⱥ֮Уһɧ
Ѿǳ˶ߵ˿ڵ֮еҲǻɢ˿
᳤о֮һ˿ѹȸУ
ܿȷڵļ
ʵѰɾޣôܻﵽԼѹȸеĵزأ
ɫޱ䣡
᳤һ̵ɫѾǱó죬ĸоһĶˣ
ôԹĵһʦղžȻˣǸղԼһ£ҪЦˣ
ֹ֡ӣڵǴӺζ
᳤ף̬ҲǱùǫ˺ܶ࣡
׵˵Ȼɱģô᳤⣿
ûûУɱʱûгһڣӦþڽնɱģ
᳤ףҲǵ̬һԵ˿ЩƵĲѣ
ѩɺͼЩƣ᳤ղŻߵӣôˣ
ͼɫ΢΢Щ仯᳤᳤ǡ
᳤ͼ׼ֹӣ֪Ƿö
ȻŴģȻҪˣźƽ
׵˵ʵ˵ν
Ҳڵļ۸񲢲֪ȻʱҪϷ۳ԹһȻҲҪˣ
᳤ˣ⡭֮ǹỹҪ
𷽿᳤Щɻʵ
ֻǵʶһ̽鵽ڵʱ˶ˣ
᳤һۼ𷽳أ
ҪҪҪҪ᳤Ӣϣ𷽴˿˵Щˡ
ڸղһ̽ڵʱһȵƺʶԴ
˵ʲô˵ڵ֮еǾǳʵ
ֹӣҡԸʮƷʯļ۸öڵ֪۸
᳤̽ԵĿ˿ףʵöڵļ۸ԲֹʮƷʯ
𼶱ڵܶʱма
˵ɻʼڵúݣɵۼڵþˣ
ϾҪնɱɵۼޣǿȥǲܵ飡
ҵθѽ⡭᳤˰ɣʮƷʯ
˰ҡһǵһοԹῪ˺˵ļ۸񰡣
ǰ֮ǰԹߵչ۸ֻʮƷʯɣ
⡭ڵĪڵģ
һ˿ǰľĿɿڴôҲû뵽᳤Ȼ֮Ṻڵ
ƺˣⶫӦˣ
ղŲǿˣǵһʦ᳤ˡ
ǿǺ
ͼҵһһʱˣһԿ᳤׵Ľ̸жϰµģ
ԭõľƣһƺҪΪӰ
ݺڵļ۸ǱȽ˽ģ᳤΢΢һЦ᳤ǽվԳڵվԳӦɣǿǱľԳ۸¡
ȻǽվԳ᳤һ¶ۼĿݺ֪λΪٺأ
ݺЦŵʮƷʯ۸ҿȽϵĺ׬ͷҲ
λǸеˣǺãʮƷʯʮ򣡣
᳤һӣѾͬʮƷʯǻʮƷʯʮƷʯ
ֲֶΪأ
ֻһ۸ڳɫˣͼңѾǽӽĸоˣ
׿᳤ʵ᳤𣿡




1940ɱͼ
 

᳤˿ˬ
һöڵڵҲһݹͰ
ȵԹῼʱǲ۲۵ҵ
ԹʵеӪģʽֻ࣬ǶһЩ񷢲͵ȼȹ棡
ҪĻ׬ȡɽԴΨԴĸ
κһʵˣǿյĿĶΪ˻øõԴ
ʵһҲ޿ɺǵģ
ϾɽɣҪΪĸ֣ûԴôأ
ԹҪһֱôǿʢȥôҲҪֶͨάǵĲ
ѩɫ᳤᳤⡭⵽ô£
һǺܿĵİһֹܹӺѪҲĳ˵ҵøлһ
᳤Цһ˵ⷬʵѾǸѪʤˣ
㵵ʵ⡭ڵڵ
Ȼˣ಻ţһ㻹ǿԱ֤ģ᳤˵ֻü֮ȴһ˿Ĳ죡
ղѾǹˣ׿ˣȻһεĻԼ
ȻǷǳĲˬˣ
һԵͼ᳤֪ڵǴģǿɲǵĵ
᳤ŭһͼҵҲóһҿ˱ˣʽʤͼóһķظң
׺䶥
ͼɫ䣬ǵȫһ
˿̣ͼѾӿֳһĨŨҵɱ
һжΪǰСӣҪĻôܱأ
ɱ
ͼΨһ뷨ֻѾŭˣ˼ҿɱ޵Ű
ʯһҲ¶һľݣʵ벻ͨȻôϷԵı仯
һԵĺ°Ͷ챻ĵˣ
棬ʵ̫ˣ
û뵽һȻɹϮˣ
ڵڵһ뵽ߺ˷ܲѣ
һ˷֮УʧõɫֳһĨƵļ֮ɫ
ͻıʣǸоһѪڣ
᳤˽֮ԴҲһ֮
ȷ̫Ϸ绯ˣ
ͼ˵նɱұųԱͼ֮Уɱ
ͼѾǹ˲ôˣͼһķظң
ֱȿԼһܰ
ͼͼΣ״õĽɽô׵Ĺأ
ֻܹܵкҸһķأȻĲʳҡ
ǾԽܲһķأȻչ׳
նɱͼĻᣬͼھҪѰһڣȻնɱһܹ
ڵʱעʲôʱʵ֣Ȼͼ˵㣡
Թ᲻Ǹ֤ߣҲܸԤʥ֮У
ͼЩ᳤ˣĻʱ򼴱Ǻ۶ӣֱӲ˲͵
ڴǣͼҵҲǶˣ
ǣ峤ˣ
ͼ֮˺ȻӦǣڿɶһӵĻأ
һ峤նɱףҲǼĲУ
׵ûʲôŭͼѾԤ֮С
ûʲôһԵݺѾŭɶ
޳ܵģûмͼô޳ܵġ
˲Ҫ
ɽ磬Ҳ֣ϾɽûɷΨʵı׼
ݺһҿ˭ң
ͼЦһߣЩ˶ǰףһɱˡ
𣿿ûҶԵط
ݺЦһǸոյõƷɽûеطء
û뵽һﾹȻˣ
ݺǿڵǿߣȻ׺ĸǰʲô
ҪǶԸЩССϺǼֱ練ƣ
ݣ
˷ӦݺķɽѾǳʣ
һ᳤ĽͼɢѾǽͼиһƬ
ͼûзӦĹͿһĨѾǽԼ׵ɣ
졢׼ݣ
ûü˾ͱû
һı֮ͼ׵ıݺĨɱ
ڣնɱһɾ֮ˣһֻôļ򵥣
ɲ˶ȱ̬ܹԽսģ
һϵĲ࣬ɽʵǺֲģ
һ̣ݺɱһվǱߣһͼ׵ʧɽ֮У
ֻһ˵ĿɿڴĿԼѪţ
ܹնɱڵţȻǴİ




1941˵
 


һ֮̾ΧԭַǷԹᣬһ̱쳣
ʣµֻ˵
ܿ죬±һ˵֮
ͼˣҵ찡ǵһ峤Ȼҵĸǰ
ͼҲǻð˼ҶܹɱڵޣҲ롭
ǰƽʱͼҾһֱһº˰ɣ
˵˼ҺҲһأǿ
˵ʲô˶УѾʼһתˡ
֮ǰЩҵˣ˿һ֨ˡ
𾳽ǿ߳˼ôûеأ
ͼ֮˿Լ峤һնɱһ̼סˡ
ܿѾɢˣ
ͼңܿͻֱѾǺռϷˡ
ݺûţղͼҵԾԾԵļˣѾǱ
ܿ죬㱻ݺĽˣ
ףǿûʲô³֮ǰǽϵͼˣһѾǳΪݺ˵Ľˣ
úõͼңڽǳ׵߽ˣ
ʯ˱һۻҵĶ׵ŪȦˣ֮ǰŴ뿪ǡ
һ̣ͼѾǱˣǻҪ뿪
࣡
ǳѩɣݺ˵ӣҲʿˮ
һﵹǸ˾źʯ̵峤ͼ֮Ĳԩû뵽ǾȻԼǶǴǵ!
ǡ
ʯ忴˿ѩɣϾѩɵıǴʥң
Ҳ̫ʵҲû׵˵ôأ
Ū˵Ļûôľأ
ֻڣĲ֪Ӧôźã
ѩ̵ͼұ壬˵ö֮ѩɵһվҪǡͼҵķأҿҽ֣ļӦûκεɣ
ûûС
ΧΧ۵Щ峤һҡҡͷ
ʱ˷Եǲ
ѩɿźʯЩĵ˵峤ڴǷȥͼңǺ峤пգһ𽻽һΣ
⡭ˡʯһӲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ѩɹһЦ峤ʲô˲˵ģԺͺѩɲʶô꣬ҿһֱ峤ҵϸ簡
ǡǺðɣ
ʯ֪ѩɾԲǿԼϣҲǺٻˣ
ɾôǺҲ뿪ˣ˵һõϢ
᳤ЦŵֹӣղѾΪѪŶ˳ɫ£š
ðɡ
ԭҪȥ֮ǰնɱɻʾ޵ڵóȻ󻻸ɫء
˼ҶѾǰѻˣѰ˼Ҳż
˵ˣɫĻµȷЩ̫ˣԾȲˣ
᳤ЦŵֹӣʲôķԸ𣿡
ɣѪأ֮ǰǹ˺ҵ£ѪҪתļ壬֪Σ
׿᳤Цŵ˱˵ĳ˹ȥ
ʣһںҵſڣҲǣҲǣ
ʯֻܹȰѺߣϾֻԼŮʶ˼ҡ
᳤ķڣ
ֹӣתõҲһɵ飬֪Ҫת˭أ᳤Цʵ
ָָһԵݺЦŵתɣ
תңִ磬ǡ
ݺһҲһԼûгھתԼˣ
Цŵ֮ǰ˵ҪҲûɶãºˣ
ðɣִ磬ֻǹҵ°ϴ󣡡
ݺǰˣһεĵ
˵ʵʵû뵽׾ȻתԼĹԼӵһɫµţ
ʵϣ֪Ժļ²ڵͣпܴﵽɫ¼
˵ĻǿǸǿƽƽ̫һʳҲǿ֮һˣ
һĻôǾӵɫµ
һ뵽ߣݺȻһ˿ļ֮飡
ҪԼүүԼļ˿Լŵʱôһ飿
᳤൱
ֻǵݺ̫һʳ⼸ֵʱҲһĪľ֮ɫ
ңǿ̫һʳĴ֮һ
û뵽˾Ȼ̫һʳҵģһܶͽ͵ͨˡ
ͼһҶ˰ҵǶҵĻǲԩ
׵˰£ȥźſεӣҲЦеȥ




1942ºҲ²
 

Թڣ
ﾲǱߵȴ׵˳һԵĳ¿˸ȻϤѣ
źǱߣ¿ֺǺǵߵ˺ߣ
ϴϴȥˣǷҲ£
ϴϴأ
¿һҰˣһǳĺˡ
̶ôʱĹȻһб˸ɵйĳ̶ȣҲǷǳĲˣ
¿磬㡭ôᡭ
ʵ滹һķֹԽԽˡ
¿ʲôʵˡ
ȻҲܹΪɱ޵ųԱһӦþ׵Ĺˡ
˵ϴɲ֪ϴ˰
¿٩٩̸˿һᵽ֮ǰ˷ܵĲС
¿ĻҲʿˮ֡ôأ
һ뵽֮ǰԼó¿Ѫţû뵽Ȼĸּ롣
֪˵ĻӦһȥԼүү
˵ܹҶȹһεΣˣҲЩһֱĵġ
һֱһ̣һ
ֹǼֱһĴڰ
¿һ˵һֱôĿţҲôһԡ
ľ͸һûʲôˡ
ڵˣܹʶɻʾĸ֣ѾǷǳĲˡ
¿磬СӾߺǰɣ
׺ݺѾߣų¿һЦ
ѽϴϴ˰ϴһֱڵء
¿Դ׵̬ȣǽһϹϾ
Цŵþò
֡ǰ֮ǰ֪ǰ٣еǰ
Щ̧ͷˣ֮ǰֻǰ׵һɳڵСආ֪˼ôţأ
װڰֵ֪߲֪峤Ƿпգ
ппա
̵ͷ˼Ҿңһͼһҷȶôܹסأ
ǲ֪Ƿԡ
¶Ǻܽģ֪Լǰڸӣ˼Ҳ˵ʲôġ
һñзǳˣʵǿ֮ˣǲˣʵĽҲ̫õġ
ٱ˲ĸȥ
һ˵ȺƺƵĳźҵķˣ˿̵ĺǻϲصʱ
ҿڣ
ʯԼĶӺԼӺƽǱߣ
˿˵Ϊĵˣ
ʵֵĺܣʯ忴źͺƽô
״ˣѪžȻǺҵ£ҿ黹ǻɣ
ʵҲȷóڷǳļ
үүǰ˺ÿֲ֮նɱͼһңƽһ뵽ղŵĳЩľսġ
ʯüôʶǿأ
״ˣ֪һ֤ľǣǰǺҲûʲôˡ
źʯϹЦ⡣
ƽԥһµ֮ǰ˵һΣ˵˸ţѪţĪǶá
ܣʲôʵܹô֣Ҫ֪ЩǿɶǸеĸְ
ҡҡͷȻҲ㲻һеô£
ʯ̾һǺ˰һҪѪŵĻ¡
ǰѪŵĻǺľͱˣҲѡ
ʯͷԸȥ׼Ʋˣﻹܹ˼Ҳ˵ء
֣ЩƺڰǣĪǶǺʲôͼɣ
ƽһҲЩɻȻ뷨ȻЩɣҲΨһܹ뵽ˡ
ͼСӻǺҿǽɽɽ˰֪˼һöڵͱҵĲҵҪӴˣ˼һͼ
ûЦСӿ߰
ʯҲݸһЦƽ㿴ĽǶȻдߣҲ˵ģʵģ˼һСָͷܶǺҪǿ˵˼һῴǺң
Ѳǿ϶ˣƽһµͷ
⡭пܣҲЩȷ˵
ʯ̾һ˵ĻǾĸˣҾҲǺܴ󣡡
峤ˣСһ˵Ҫ
ʱһҵ˳źʯ߷ɱ
ʯȻվƽҳӭӡ
Ǹǰ㱨˻֪ô£ô峤˴ԼĶﳯſڵķȥ
һ㶵վǱߣЩ֪롭




1943Щʧ
 

Ҵſڣ
ʯԳӭӣҪ֪׵˿ҵľˣ
ʱǲӭӵĻǾǹˣ
ڴǻǲЩֵʲôأ
Ȼ֪ЩΪʲôҪң˼ѾǰˣǻǾĲ֪ˡ
ĽǶʯ廹Ĵм;η֮ġ
￴ԼүүǳˣҲǿ첽ǰȥүүס磬Ҹǽһ£λǰ
ǰлǺңҽˡ
ʯ׼ǰҾȾ֮ܲʾأ
΢΢һЦ峤ˣҲѣȻǺ̸л
ѣ
ʯЩĿ˿Ȼֿ˿ף
ԼŮţ˰Ȼܹʶôţѣ
Ҳɫһ죬ʲôѰֻһ֮Եѣ
Ҳû뵽ĻȥʲôѪţʱ̰Ԥ
￴ԼүүǰеҪѯһүү֪үүп𣿡
ȻпգȻпգǺĳ֪Ե֪޲޲ǰ룡
ʯһƣ֮һĺɣ
ѯԼһЩ飿
˵ʵ֪Լ֪ʲô飬ܹ𾳽ǿ߸Ȥġ
һֱڴǣҲ֪ʲô֮£
Ȼ˼ҿˣôܲӦأ
һ˵ȳźҵĿ˹ȥ˽վ棬ֻкʯסݺ߽˿֮У
ʯԸ׺ݺ˱裬ȻǰƲѾ׼ˣǡ
Ʋ˾ͲˣҴ˴ǰǣеҪѯһº峤ϣ峤ܹΪĳ󣡡
׿źʯ壬ҲǺ̹ϵ˵
ϪһֱԼҲûָʯܹԼõϢ
ݺĻ֮УܹܵõһǱѰ
ǣ֮壬鱾ûôļˣ
ʯ忴һȻӣҲǳǰʾ
ʮǰ峤Ƿ̫ɽ
׵ΪϬ絶һĿźʯ壬ϣλ峤ܹԼ˵ʵ
ʯһ㶣漴ɫһʮǰǰ˵ĪǰħŮ
峤ȷǾˡ
΢΢ͷһǸʱǵ˰
ݺһҲȤţ˵ʵѾǵĲˡ
Ѿĸɸɾˡ
׵̽飬ҲȤ
ǳأҲҪ֪澿ʲô飡
ֻһССɾ֮ˣôܹ֪ôĶأ
ʯɫ䣬ǰΪҪ飿
ʵҲûʲôҵŮ̫ɽʧ٣ȻҪ֪ʼˡ𶼲֪ˮȥ
˵ģɣʵ˵ľǰħŮ
ֻ仰׵Ů˾һε֮Ϊ˱һ֪Ů˶ѣ
ݺʵҲûΪ˵Ů˾ǸħŮ
ʯһ˵ʵѾ̫һʳ˷κ˲̸۴¡
ҵȻֻ֪ǵĸ峤棬û˲𣿡
׿źʯ壬֮дһ˿Ŀ֮⣡
ʯЦŵǰǰңҲ˵ġϾ˵ȥĻһ֪Һҿ϶ˣҶǰȣȻҴš
л峤
ҲǹֵڿʯѾ¶ҪԼ˵ˡ
ʯڰֵǰҴѪŽ̫ɽʵһЩ·ˣǺȴһֲ飡
ʲô飿׷ʵ
峤̫ɽǸܵһϢϵĳǵķӿΪʲô͵ޣȴһˣһŰͷ׷Ůӣƺǳʹ࣬ǵֲϢҲΪ𽥵ɢ֮ݲ
Ŷ״һ˿ɻֻɻװġ
峤̾һ׼ȥʱ˼Ƚǿţһ˾һ֮壬ҪǰʱűǵϢ֣һʵֲ̫ˡ
أЩʵ
ǰħŮܶΧҲˡ
ʯ΢΢һ̾һ뵽ĳвһ˿Ŀ־塣
峤Ͳ֪ˣ׵дһ˿ʧ֮ɫ
ǲ˼ǰҵʵ΢ڴȥĻ϶·һʯǸȻ˵
ðɣȻ˵ĻǱл峤ˣ׳֮ȴһ˿˿ʧ䡣
˵ʵôʱ䣬ΪľҪҵ峤ܷ֪һЩ֮¡
֣Ҫ֪귢ʲôǲ׵ģ
ֻȥ̫һʳпܽҿɣ
ţǰʵȥһ̣һԼһ仰ʯѹļͣ±һ㣡
׿źʯ壬Ҳ¶һ˿ϣ֮⡭




1944ɵ۲룿
 

׺ݺźʯ壡
ʵϺʯ˵ľǰϪ֮ոշʱ򣬿֪˲
ֻҲǿ֪һ
ԭΪʯԼ̫õϢںʯ˵Ļֲһ˿ϣ
ʯʿˮǰȥ֮ʣ˵Ҫɵۣ
ɵ۲ˣ
üͷֲú̫ɽ
鱳о޴飬֮úˣǱǴɱ
ǰϪı˿ƵĻǵʱɽˣ
ʱߵ̫æûҲǵʱڳűȽ϶ĻӶӲ
ʯ˿̻µ˵ȻԼ˵ġ
׵ͷл峤֮£ģĳԲ¶ֵģ
ǰ˵ЦˣҶǰȣĳô᲻ǰأ
ʯ岢ǿ˵Ҳʵ飡
˿ľƷ׶ԴԼǳĿ
úʯҲоһİȫУ˵Ǿ仰
ʵǰ˵Ķ֪˲
Ǿ仰֪˾Ͳˣ
ǣɵ۵飬ǾԲʲôСµġ
׹ֵôҪл峤桭
ʯ忴׵ʵǰо仰Ҳ֪
峤˵Ҳ΢΢һЦ
ʯ֮ɽǽһĴڣ̫ɽȾ壬Ѿ˺ܶע⣬ǰɲҪĴһ˶ϵĻǺ
Ǻǣ֪л峤ѣ׹ֵ
һԵݺҲǵִ磬Ҿú峤˵ǶԵģ֮屾Уһ峤ԣѾǣɵۼǿߣѾܹ̽ˣ
ұҪ֪ɣ
׵˵ϪԼŮˣǲ׵Ļôܹưոأ
ɽ磡
ԼŮ˶ˣΪʲôҪɽأ
ѲɽΪҪ
ҪֻΪĻǱͿˣֺأ
аϪϢ׾ԲܷŹģ
ڵʱʲô鷳ⲻǺ󻰶ѣɲں
Ȼǰ˼֣Ǻĳ㲻ٶԣϣǰܹ࣬ҵԼķˣ
ʯҾǷԷθ˵仰ġ
ֻ֪׵ŮˣеǸħŮ
֪Ļ¾°Ҫˡ
һԵݺҲʼִ磬˵Ļݺһȫִ硭
׳ݺЦЦĶ飬±ضУ
ݺɫһִ磬ɷݺĻݺһغˡ
ˣ֮Ͳôȥˡ峤׿˿ʯ
ǰ뽲
ʯ忴׽ԼҲǹ
׳峤ϣҲܹ±ܣ
ȻǰһģҺĳ޿˵ȥģ
ʯֲɵӣ˵ȥǸʲôأ
ʥǻʳ֮ͱ´˷κ˵ۣǱɱ⣡
׹ֵˣĳˣ
ǰҪˣ
ʯ忴ҪߣҲһû뵽ھˡ
׿ݺЦŵ̫ɽĿľΪ˸飬Ȼڴǲ鲻ʲô䣬ֻȥطˡ
ʯԥһµǰҪĻֻȥϷ۳ˣ
Ŷ峤γԣ׿һۺʯʵ
Ȼǣɵۼǿߣǿ϶۳Ѳ˹ϵ֮岢С£ԶҡɽɽҲǼΪעȻᵽɵۣʮа˾ŸɵۼǿѲ˹ϵ
ʯȻʵǿҲԼ뷨ġ
׵ͷڿҪ⿪ŻĲǺװ
ʯ˼䣬ױݺ뿪˺ң
¿ʱ˺ңַǱ״ˣ
˵ʵַƵڻоԼһ㣡
˿̣״ݺ˳̫һʳķ򼲳۶ȥ
̫һʳǱߵϢӦǲ˾Ųʮˡ
Ȼһܹ֪ȫ࣬ӦÿԴϪǻϢɣ
ԭΪϪڿ鲢ô򵥣
ǰϪţҪ취ȥӪȣˣҲҪҵɱߣԼŮ˱
ô򵥣




1945̫һʳ
 

̫һʳǣ
̫һʳ̫һʳĳΪϷ۳ʵΪǿĻʳ֮һ
̫һʳϷ۳ΪһУ
ν̼ƼǵȻʳǸȣҲֻ˵һеһˣ
̫һʳռ൱ǣפ˿ҲӴ
ʵǱ֮Ҫ֪߳٣
ʵԽǿɹĲԽߣռҲԽ㣬ԴҲ֮ԽԽḻ
ɹһ飬˿һжӦõġ
׺ݺѪŵ̫һʳǣݺ˶̫һʳѾǷǳϤˣ
ô󰡡
ַƵһطҲǱۻǵĻʳǸסˣ
ݺЦŵַãԺϤҲϰˡǾߣûʲô̫ĸоˡ
ʳǵȷΰ׳۰Ҳò̾һ
˼̫һʳȣǴǻЩˣ
ݺЦŵִ磬ҪȻȥΣ
ھȥ
׿ݺЩѯʵоôðȻǰȥЩˡ
ݺЦŵִҵľˣȥȻû˰ֻǲ֪үүڲڡ
Ȼ˵ĻǾˡ
Ҳ΢΢һЦҲҪĸ顣
ݺݸһЦִ磬һʲôֻȥܵʲôίִൣ
ί
Щƣݺҵĵϵ
ȻǵϵĻôڼĵλӦҲǺܸߵİѲɻ˸Ҹɫɣ
ݺЩǸȻ˵ִ磬ЩҲݣִ£
ҡҡͷû£ȥֻҪ˽һ¶ʮǰѣ̣
ҲҪ鷳ɲǸµ
˵ôߵĻɾͲôĿˡ
ݺȻкԸôأ
˵ˣԼǰֲʶƾʲôԼأ
ݺȥЩأһ㶼ֽӵ״̬ü֮һĨǳ
Ѫŵһ࣬һ׳ݺķ˹С㣬Ҫȥ
Ƕ̫һʳˣôҲûȥһ˰ɣ
ݺȥЩĲɣ׵üͷҲø
֮ǰҲûĴݺ飬ʱ̫һʳǣŷЩԾĵط
С㣬һοǱϳģڻȥͲ¡
˿ϴһĨߣҲһͷˮ
ݺô£
ݺ̰ڰִֵ磬ûʲôҶѣһִм£ûйϵġ

׿ݺԲ˵ô򵥣
һԵֹʲôЩ̫ˣ
ô°׳ʵ
ݺŭһǵļ£ִûйϵô°
С㣬ҡ
ЩᣬɿݺҲһʱЩ֪ĸо
׳ΪѵĻҿǴӳɣ
Ϊѣִ磬ҲΪѵģ
ݺڰֵԼȣʲôأ
ִѰԼ˵ϢԼôܹΪԼӶִȴأ
οִ绹ԼľˣֶԼֵܷǳĲ
Լܹô˽
һʼ͸ףи׼
ݺ֮齨ţȻ뿪ߣΪԼҪԼļˣ
ǺðɣȻﲻ˵ĳʱǣ
׵˵ˮڣ˵ѾǼҳ㷹ˡ
һԵЩֹƺҪ˵Щʲôջû˵óڣ
ң
̫һʳӴļ壬ڲӵìʵˣ
ݺңӦҲԼɵģ
Щɣȴ赲Ҫ֪ϪĲ
Ȼݺ˵Ҳǰ֮ˣֻܹһһˡ
һԵַƵ˿׵ִ磬ôһȥǲǲ̫ðҪȻ̫һʳǹһ䣬ϴȥɣ
һַƵ飬Ҳ̵ַֽ˵Ķ԰ϴҿǾȲȥ˰ɣҪȻǰȥ
ݺû˵һﲻһȥ𣿡
ҡһǵȵȰɣⱩƢһݺô˵Ҳҡҡͷ
ݺʵҲǳԥ֮ɫܿðɣȴȥ䣬ʵڲҸطϢϢ
ǣС㣡
һһ˵ȱʧݺĸǰ
һԵ׸ݺǳҵķ򻺻˹ȥҲرңԶ




1946峤ٳ
 

̫һʳң
˿̵ŵƽʣƺӭһϲ£ϲ±峤ճӣҲδ峤ȵĺѡ٣
ʵϣɽ磬ҲǧΪλģ
˵ݺȻȥĺܣʵҲѾǧˡ
ɽǧ꣬ǻһ۲۵׳ꡣ
ֻг꣬ʵϲĲ뵽꣬ʵǳ
Ȼˣɽ֮Ҫֲ̫ˣǧ궼Ǻġ
ЩΪͻһ磬Ҫǧʱ䣡
ʵԽǿ֮ˣԽˣ
⣬ɽʵΪȻˣҲΪ׵ʵ̫һЩ
峤߮ӣϴʣµӣһ趫һϣ
֮䣬ƺΪ峤֮λҲЩ
һ峤٣ȻҲ˸ĹעϾΪһ峤ĺѡˣҲǱĿġ
ңȻ̫һʳĴ󳬼壬Ĵ֮£Ҳֵˣ
ҿ˵̫һʳΪֿȵļ֮һ
Ĵ嶼Ҫȡҵĺҵ̬ʵһ̶ҲǿԾĴ˵ġ
Ĺϵ۸ӣ
Ϊȴ۸ӣҽʱյĵλ
һεңȴûдĵ̫ˣϾûгΪ峤·ҲǷǳĵ͵
٣ֻڲУδ
ҵƫ֮У
ƺǳĸˣҵĺĲȫ룡
峤߮ΪĳЩ鵢飬һʱز⣬֮˶ǵˣ
δ峤ֹԣ
Ͼ峤֮⣬˵õ˿¾λ峤һ˳λļ̳ˡ
磬Ĵ٣Ȼ˵ĻҿúǱʾʾТİɣ
˵Ķ趫һ˵Щȥ˸оһĲ
ֵܣԸ
ϴԵޱȣ϶趫ĻϾԱȽʵһЩ
׻˵ĺãƱۣ
ڼ֮УҲǱ۸ıȽҵһλˡ
λϻһݣǱݺĸס
趫΢΢һЦܣҿͲҪôƷ˰ɣ
˵ﻰȻ٣ЩܱܵʾһҲӦõģοЩأ
趫ûһǰѻһ˵ģ˵֮Ǵһ䣡
趫ɻΪԼôĺĸԼ
Ҳ벻ôʲô˼
趫¶һ˿Цʵʲô
趫һЦ磬٣ȻûҵҲܶ˷ݰҪȻҵЩ֧˵ЩϵСأ˵ǰɣ
ܣл˵޷
üͷ΢趫ԽЦеģԽǸоûʲô£
ӻǹղٳȻʱŭⲻǸԼȥ
ڵֻܹЦӭ
趫ɫ˲ûһ˿ı磬Ȼô˵ˣܵܵĿɾ˵˰ֵܣһֱǾŽᣬΪֵܿģһδ٣и顭
趫ֵϳ磬ʲô˵ĨǵǸʲô
٣ܿż˰趫Цһ磬ҵ˼ǣǿ˭ҵóãļӮˣҿͷΣ
趫һ㶣趫ĻܸоЩԣ
ʶʵʲôͷ
ʵϣڻûô趫Ϊʲô˵Ļ
֮͵Ҳܹô۶ӣ
һﻹһϲ˷˵ļһﰡ
Ҳǳ磬㻹ǻ氡͵磬ǲһѣ
趫ЦһĪǲģûĶ׼ô
˵˵⻰ʲô˼ҵȻ׼ˣ
ãȻˣܲҸҺʹ̼ˣûйϵһǵСǲ棬Ҳģ
趫Ļ˼ֱûа취μӣһ˵ʵ̫һЩ
һϷ㵽ף
ҪĻϸ绹ʮǧء
ʵѾǿһЩԾ趫ɽţı»
ֱӼϲμν棡
ǲμӵĻʱ򻹲Ǳҵ˸Ц
˿̣һֱ˿ӵĸоҲ֪趫ʲôıڵȴԼ
ˮڣ
ֿһ˿ЦܣȻȤĲ棬治ô£ʲô뷨˵ɣͷʲô




1947ʯ֮
 

̫һʳǣң
ҵƫ˽ǿΪһĶ
Щʵв֪ĵ
кܶѾǲˣҵĹϵǱȽϵĽˡ
ֻ⣬һֱǰ״̬
ﰵɴûֹͣ
ԽģֵҲԽ࣬Щ·Ǹһ㣡
ֻΪ峤߮δֹЩЩҵơ
ʵ߮ҲԼ뷨Ҫڼ׿һЩܺùȥԿ
ݺʵϾһƷ
ҲΪʲôϸ趫֮Ĺϵǳõһԭʮȥˣìܲδ
磬ҿ˵һε۾һʯ󣿡
趫΢΢һЦǵֱתС۾˸оһԲʲôʡ͵ĵƣ
ʯ󣿵ȷô£
˵֮ѾһƬŭʯǼΪҪԴû֮һ
ԭӵһʯȻǺܴ󣬿ÿҴʯ
һ̫һʳĵ۾ֵõһʯ
ʯֻͬһ΢͵ʯ󣬿ɶһ˵Ǽֱǽɽɽˡ
֮ǰһʯһֱƹܣϾΪδ峤ôҪĶȻǹˡ
һһֶһʯЩͬˣ
Ϊʲô趫Ҫȡʯʵľ棡
ᣬ˭Ҳ֪ʯǴʲôطˡ
ӵʯ󣬼ֻȡһЩҲõˡ
磬ҿ٣ǲõ۾ʹ͵ʯΪעΣ趫΢΢һЦ
ʯǿҵԴôܹעأ
Ȼ֪趫뷨
ֻû뵽һﾹȻߵԼأ
趫΢΢һЦ˵һע˵һͷһΪ٣ҲȡһΪĻᣬ粻ֵһССҪ󶼲Ӧɣ
㡭
Ҫˣһﻹ޳ܰ
ȻעˣڳôˣǲӦĻǱȻˡ
趫Ѿǽ˵ˣΪһᣡ
Ĳʯ˹ȹϣ趫ֽó˵Ȼһ˳׼
趫¶һ˿ЦݣЦ֮ûκεĵ֮ɫ
ʵѾˣǲɵĻ϶Ӧġ
ΪһʯѾúָָܶۺˣ
ʯҪԼ˽̵ĻԹصˡ
ϣӦأʱҵɣʱԼϵҲǻĵģ
峤֮λһڵḶ́
趫ҲûҪһԵҲʵ
Ͼʵֵ֮λһ۳Ҳռơ
ʵֻҪʲôĻ峤֮λѾǰ϶ˡ
ֻ趫ЩǻۣܹҸһˣ
ôˣ磬Ը⣿
趫˿Щͱ˵ʵ
ɫЩѿǺܺõĿסԼһһԵϵܣ뷨أ
һ㶣ʵҲû뵽趫Ȼʯ⣡
Ȼʵɵ
ʯҪԣκһԶ׼ġ
Ȼû̫ĺͼ־ҲڱĲʺİɣ
趫һһֱ̫ϲ
ϸҪ˵趫ƺ쵽ЩԾ̵ܸղѾӦˣھͿ˼ˣ˵ǰɣ
㡭ҸղǴӦˣ
΢΢̾һղ̫ˣЩˡ
Լʲôû׼û뵽ؼʱ趫Ĺƣ
ڿ趫һбԼĴǱһһֲ
ôأǴ˴ֲҲֻд˸ԼĶʣ
趫˿΢΢һЦ磬ǵĴ٣˵ĶӦòΪѰɣ
ȻڣʯȻʥʹͣѾҵĶˡȻ˵ҪΪǽᣬóͷɣ
˼һ֮
һĻ趫һЦĿɶǼ֤˰٣ЩСǻʲôҵϵ֧ΪϺ˭ĺֵߣʥʹ͵ʯ󣬾͹˭ˣ
һĻѾǱŷһĦȭƵ
ܶѾǷ׷׵ͷС




1948ͱ׼
 

ƫ
趫ϹЦݣһ̴ӦʵоѾȡ˵һ׶εʤˡ
ʵһʯ֮Ϳʼﱸˣ
ֻǺܶ˲֪ѣ󹦸ɣôܹأ
ĶʯĿȨʱвˡ
ЩʯԭЩˣѡع
ϾЩʯǿĵģ
ƾʲôô˵֧أ
趫ֲɵӣ֪϶һͣ
͵ĹؼʯĿȨ˼ʯǾе
ɽ޷Ǿ֣
峤֮ΪĲԴ֧Ȩ
Դ⴫еͲһ߸Զ
趫ôƴΪĲȨΪҪΪĶӺŮ·
趫Ҫʲôҿİɣ
˭֪أҵûֹֻͣǾˣֶѣ
ǰֵ֮˵ûл𣿡
ڿ趫õʯĿԺܴ󰡣ĻԺ󻹵øάֺùϵ
һ˽ʵܼ򵥣
˭棬Ȼ˭ã
һ峤֮λȷʱ򣬵ʱڳҲ٣
ǲҵСආ˭ǺôǾ֧˭
ô򵥵ĵǼĺ֪ͯЩ֪ܲأ
ǰľȻ˵ĻǾͿʼɣ
ʵϣ뷨˻ǲ̫һ
趫ҪӮ
ȻҪӮǱҪóһЩĶʯԼʯ
Ǹ趫ܹԼͷ
Ϊⲻ趫һԸѣ
֮ǰҲԼĸ˵飬ԭ뷨Ҫµõʯܻ
Ϊ峤ԼĸôԼĻأ
ϿܲԸʵҲЦ˻
趫õʯĿԭͼ󣬱Ͼ̫ʵû̫ı£
Ϊ˵õʯ󣬻ôһͷ
Ѫ¶ǲˣ
ڸոգѾǸԼĶʹһ񣬶ԼĶѾˣ
˿̣˵Ľ㶼ѾǷλϵϣ
Щ֧֮ˣôܲ뵽֮أ
Ӯ˵Ļµʱ˵֮⣬ҲܵõʯĿȨ
Ͼ֮ˣΪεĻǵϵ
ϵֻҵ֮¹Ӳдѣ
ӿһˣվ״ˣٳΪ׼һ񣬻״Цɣ
ĶӣһӻһŮ
ʵһ϶࣬ÿҶһһŮ
ݺڵĻʵҲһһŮֻԼŮϳңҲղѣ
ҲΪʲô趫ûкɫһԭ
ԼĶӣ΢΢һЦӰȻһʲôͷͷģʹ򿪸˿ɡ
õģ״ˣ
ֱӴǳĽУ֮Уһʵķɽ

Ʒ
Ҫ֪ƷĴ壬Ҳǲģ
΢΢һЦ״ˣ˽ǺżȻãո״˴٣ΪɽǺһƬТģ
¶һ˿ЦݣһЦúúãȻǳ˰
վԱߵգҲӵֽҲվ״ˣûдĴֱʣһö޵ڵ״Цɣ
úúãǵТѾܵˣ
Ŀ˿趫һղŲһćNɪ
ԼóҪӮԼҲܹƷɣ
ʯǴܵģȻŪôͷǲǱԼ׬һ
һҪӮ˵ĻǵʱԼĸ׿Ҳ޻˵
趫ԭΪԼռ˶ıһ㣬ʵ֪ɹ˿صˣ
һı׼Ѿȷˣ
Ҳ˵ûƷǸμӶòμˡ
ҲҵĵϵܹӵȺֱʣЩ֧ӺյĺҲƲѣ
ֱǲĽడ
ƺҲûд棬ֻǿֶѣ
趫ɫЩֻ֮дһĨŵЦ⣬һ˻ǲײ
˿Ȼת˿཭ȻӴѾóˣҲӦֵˣ




1949µ趫
 

ƫ
˿ԵЩ죬趫ϴŵһĨţЩ׽͸
һԵƺЩį֮⣬趫֮ƺܵĺܣ
཭
趫ĶӣҲδϣ֮һ
һԼĸһϷĿѾǲԶˡ
཭һЦŵӴƷ˸оһѹ
཭ֺαڴǰأȻкöóɣҲЩûм˼氡
ӵдһĨЦҪ཭ܹóʲôö
Ʒ
ѾƷеƷˣһ˭ܹõƷأ
ҵƷ˵һֶܹĹ
һóƷǺˣ
཭΢΢һЦڰֵɲҵǼء󲮣٣ֶûʲôöõó֡
˵꣬཭Ĵָ֮ðһУȻǾĴɵġ
ǽ֮ϵļö䱦ѾǼֵˣ
Կóһ趫ĻǷǳĵġ
治֪浽ʲô
཭үӣӦòʲôεĶ
ɣ϶֮ǰүҪãҲ˼Ҷĵʲô
ɡүѾƷ˰Ѳ཭үõǼƷ
ӰƷҲǷŵȵİǻǿʲôɣ
һϵ֮˶Ǳ죬ǵ۾һĶŸոմ཭нӹеӣ
˿̣ɫأƺҲҪ֪浽ʲô
཭΢΢һЦ཭ֶǫĺܣҿ
ݣ
δ䣬ǽƺָһ㣬У
һɰһǺö
ء
˽Уֻǵ򿪽еһ̣ҲЩסˡ
Ȼһ͵Ʒ
˿̵Ӷˣ趫Ѫ
û뵽һﾹȻóһ˿ףϲ⣡
˵ⶫǼֵǵĺö
磬˿Σ
趫¶һ˿Ц⣬ö˿׿˺ܶŵõģóˡ
΢΢׵ȻǺöȷҪӵǼƷʤһ
趫һ㶣û뵽ԼĴ羹Ȼôˬ죬Щѣ
ܹõۣⷬҲû཭ЩŬ
趫۽֮вزסЦ⣬һҪӮ˰
˵ʵǽЩõȥҲӮġ
ϾƷƷ͵ȣƷǳԣ
ΪһֱǱȽϵϡ٣
ϡΪ
ͬʵķǿҪͬʵĽҪٰ߳ٷ֮ʮʮļ۸
ɾӵĵûа취һжģ
趫֪һӮˣʤ
ʵôΪһԵЩ֧ôΪġ
ϾζϣһﲢûʲôۣҲûʲô̫׼
׼ˣܹõóôõĶܵģ
ϵĶӣݺ׸磡
˿̣ɫЩǺ죬Ͼ˼óĶƷԼȴò
ȻҲ֪ԼóƷҲӮˣ
Ϊϵӣ˵ǰóһƷĻЦ
һϣȻЦŵ˵ţӺ཭ɶˣڿֵ˰
ǡǵȻ
ϴ˿ɫ൱ѿ֪Ͷ֮ìܵĻΪһһһ͵ǹԼѿء
ֻΪΣϾһƷǻԼ
ѲɽԼøΪԲܰ
趫΢΢һЦܰʵҲӮˣҿøʲôƷɶĴո͵
趫ոĽ֮ռϷ磡
һһεĽĿϵϣ磬Լܣ
趫һξҪԼ½Լţټµʯãĵλ϶վģ
磬ʲôƺûйϵɣǧͶëأǴգ͵ľǸѣ
ѾԼԼ̨׼ˣ
ǿ϶ˣԼֺαظһϾأ
󲮣Ҹĺ񡭡
޹⣬ֱͳһƷȥЩεĺܣ
óһ̣趫Ѿ¶޾ĳ֮⣡
ڴʱ׺ݺҲѾǵң




1950ݺ
 

峤ݺСˡ
׼֮ʣſһλѾ˽һԵ
һʱ䣬ЩĿɿڴ
Ҫ֪ݺҳʮ꣬Ѷ˵˸ʲôţ
û뵽ȻˣһʱЩ㵲ѣ
ݺˣȽɣ
磬ݺǵҵ峤Ǳ֪һλصĻҸûа취𣿡
趫ЦһݺʢҵˣȻǲݺ׵Ľˡ
ϴ˿Щ΢΢Ϊһףһ֪ԼŮϢܲأ
ߣ趫ҪҪ̸ʲô飿
ŭɶԼŮ޸ҵһԼŮӦдˣ
ֻΪ̫һʳĴ֮һȷʵǿᣡ
ԼŮҵӣǸʱ趫һŭ֮ݺɨسţϼȴҲûа취
ԼŮǻˣôһεųȥأ
ܣǱߣѾǺͽˣֺαأ
ʵҪϣֻ˵һܺõ£ܵĻᣡ
趫ȡԼ˼ȻҪһˡ
û뵽ʱݺˣֻҪܹݺǾ͸һݴ
û̫࣬Ψһľڼ֮ȡ֧֣
˵϶Լûжв
ú˵ĻԺԼһ֡
Ļ趫˵ǸԸԼʵܺ
һô˵ҲͶмһƳл磡
ڰֵ֮ǰһЩᣬ鶼ȥʮˣѾǱǰˣ
ʵϣ̫һʳĴ徺ĶҼҲʱţ
һݺȣʲôأ
趫Цһ˼ǣɵңҲҪݺˣǼδļ̳ˣ˵Ȼܷ
ܣˣ
һ趫˵ģŭ
ʵôһ㣬ǾݺԼĸףҲǵҵ峤߮飡
ݺ뿪߮ҲΪ˴ֿǲŲôġ
ҵҪ׷Ļʱһӵı
ԣΪϵģΪһԼ׵ƨ
ֻܶ趫֪Ǵһ㣬Ժǿ
úúãǵʱҹǴǲҪһеΣ
趫ʱ޿̵Ĳ˼ȥڿӸ
ѾǽΪԼǿľˣӽıȫǿԿóӴˡ
ЦһߣȻ˵ˣȻһеţݺҽнҵĴ٣Ҳһ˵ˣ
ǣ峤
λҲǸϽͷѾǸоһŨصĻҩζˣ
磬˰ɣ
趫Ĩһ˿ŭԿó˿ԼԼƺγһȻͬˣ
Цһ绹ǼаΪʯû¹򰡣
㡭ϣ㲻Ҫģ־͹ûб£òöܹõóʯҪҲհ
趫Цһг˲м֮ɫ
ҪԼֱΰ
һƷҲҪӮ
趫ǺＱӣǸӵĲżˣ΢΢һЦѽѽܰżʲôվܲ˵ģӣ˻ΪΪʯأ
磬ʲô˼
趫Цһ֪ڷԼûʲôɣ
ȷһľǳʯģ
ԭӦѾˣû뵽·ȻݺͻȻˡ
Ȼݺڴɲ̫Ӱ죬оǷǳĲˬ
˿趫΢΢һЦݺ׻ˣôҲõȺӻ˵ɣҵĴ٣ݺҲ
ݺǺǣĪΪݺܹóʲôǵĽ˿ɼ׸Ϊǿ󲻳ɣ
趫ڿڱտھǹʯʵϺܶ˶óֻ˲˵ƶѡ
硭
趫֮ʣݺ׵ӰѾǳ˵ĸǰ




1951ϴҲܺ
 

ƫ
ݺԼĸ׺ĸ׻Լĸ磬৵һ
Ϸ򸾺Ҳۿһ죬ݺһ뿪ҳȥʮ꣡
ɲǳȥ߸ʲôǱϳţ
ݺСƢͺܾǿʮ֮УûиԼļϵ
ɽն
֪ԼŮȥʲôطǻ
ԵԼŮţһʱôܹأ
ǵ趫һϯԼҲڸԼŮֿôʱ䡣
Ըղ趫Ǳ˵ŷʱŭɶ
鲻Ůվ˵۰
ݺ㡭ȥﰡ
Ϸ򸾸ϽȥûпһһԵף
ݺЦŵݺ֪ҵٳ粻ɣ°ɣ
󲮣ϲٳ
ݺȻ涣ǶԱȽϵأ
ԼǸ֮⣬ݺ˲ûʲô̫
ԼҲԣܹģ
ΪԼĲۣ˱֮У˵ʵݺҲЩڣ
ɵ޸һҵķһһѧķܸأ
ԼСãҲ¶һ˿ЦݵݺϽ°ɣλǡ
׿΢΢һЦϴѪŵϴҽףҲѪŵĳԱ
ǣгϢˣȻ˸ţ
趫Цһ֮һ㲻ʲôûĸо
׵Ŀһ趫΢΢һЦһţƺҲûʲôֵ˲ɣ
СӣҸô˵
趫һ㶣漴ɫĿ˿ףû뵽ݺһﾹȻҵԼ
Ҫ֪ҵĵϵ
һССųԱȻҶԼ˲
׵ĻҲĨһ˿Ȼ˵ܰ㲻һСһһʶɣЩݰ
һǰɣݺԱߣҵҪ˭ҶǶ֣
˿̵϶趫ŭѾǴﵽ˶㣡
һʲôмĻ̾ͻΪֱӾܹͻˡ
һε£
ݺԼĸ׺ԼĸǱߴߴɵ죬˿ƺЩ쳣أ
֮趫ƺƽԼ̬
ЦһܣݺոջýǴٳô˵ҲøһТİɣ
Тģݺոջ֪Ǵ١
Ͼ֪趫ԲܷŹԼģûн
趫˵仰˼ʵҪȻõʯĿȨ
ô˵ݺǷˣ
趫һжν飡
ݺöΣóʲôأ
ӮѾǰ϶ˣ
趫ھҪϳҪ˶֪ԵˣǾԲк³ģ
ʲôТģ
ݺҲЩƵĿԼĸʵ
ݺٵĽһ飬Լ࣬Ǿģһʥ͵ʯǾҪΪУ
ʯ󣿾ú𣿡
ݺоһĪܿе˼
ҵҲֻԼ˲ܹ˽⣬Լĸ׸󲮺Ͷ֮ѾѾˣ
ԼĸһֱΪƵһ״̬Ǵ󲮺Ͷ֮以ʤ
û뵽һԼĸҲǱ޹ǣ߲ѣ
̾һ״ΪأǸòЩö͡óһƷ
ˣбôܶùأ
ݺڰֵһҲûд㳤ҪԼүүڲڣ
ԼүүڵĻʱҪԼүүף
Ͼ˼Լľˣ׵æڻ˼ҵĶء
Ƕõʲô
һĵʵȥƺûʲôϵһ㣡
΢΢һЦϵܣõĶ˵ܶһһõƷɽһõľȻƷ
ƷǷģ
ݺҲǵɴ۾ʵҪ֪һջķᣬȷӵ˺ܶĺö
ǽǻʵϳҲֻһƷѣ
ݺ֪ƷզΣٸƷǿ϶ǲܱȵģ
ϴһȥԵʱ򣬲ҲһЩö𣿼ȻǶˣҲܺײǣ
׿ݺ΢΢һЦһԵѾǵɴ۾




1952»
 

ƫڵϣ
ݺҲһͷˮĿף֪˵Щʲô
֮ǰѾˣھݺһѣ
ǲ˵ע⣬ڸû˽׵̲ˣ
ҲֻܹΪϵܣƺǽĿ⼯˵ϣ
֡ף˵ĸɽ
ݺҲ֪ͻȻô˵϶ʲô뷨ˡ
ֻҲ֪׵Щʲô
ɽ
ôͲ֪һλʲôķɽأЩĿף
΢΢һЦϴ㲻˰ɣһ̫ɽʱһܶ治һƷɽ𣿡
ݺ㶣ɶʱܶˣ
ɵ׸Լգһ۾Ѿ˵ŶŶŶ㲻˵һûոջʵЩˡ
ǰɣǱɽϴ˵ȷڼȻõʱҲӰ
׿ݺҲ΢΢һЦ
ݺһĸжʵѾ֪ڰˡ
˼ǴԼĶԼ˵ǰԼĸ档
һ̣ݺ˵жǾǼٵģ
˵ڵ֮ѾǸжϡﻩˡ
һԵЩĿݺݺЩ굽׸ʲôȥ˰Ѳɻʲôɣ
ݺ΢΢Ц˵Ļ׻һ
֮⣬ûʲôˣһ̫ɽ
ֻôܹ˵óأ
ԼĸȷһЩһһܶӦĳλɻʾǿܶȷһЩö
һһͣһԵֱǱһһ㶵ģ
ݣ
һ׵ѾǶһŰķɽռΪ֮һ
߳ߡ˸
һʱ䣬еĿⶼǱ˹
׹˵ϴĶ
ݺֶЩ΢΢Ըɽ̲֮صľǿɽܹһϸ΢Ĺ֮
ݺǡ
ԭڸ趫һһţһݺóɽȻֹ
ݺվ΢΢һЦ״ˣݺĴæ֪Ǵ󲮵ٳЩݺ룬ҲЩۡɽ͵ֶŮ󲮵ˡ
趫סˣ
Ҳסˣ
˶ǽĶһԵݺǶҪ֪ݺǴŪһƷɽ
ʵ趫ҲЩ𺳵ģֻĲûκεĵ֮ɫ
Ʒɽ
ƷȻǰһͷģ
ѾóƷƷɽĲҪԶԶĺǵĶпܻʤ
ܹõһƷѾǷǳ׵ˣ
㻹ָƷɽܹûզΣ
һɽƷɽ˿Щü˵ѽѽݺôóƷɽأ˵ôҲõóİ
ϣ㲻Ҫ˱ԣܹõóƷɽΪأ
趫ЦһȻ͸һӵĲм֮飡
˵ܣȻƷȻҪһλʦܹ֪ɣ
ʦҿûҪ˰ɣǼ཭óǿƷ
趫һָе飬Ҫȥ֤
ⲻǳô
һЦɲһҿ⽣Ҫǽ˿ɼ׵ĲҪһֹأ
ϣ㻹ΪץһݾͿԾ𣿾ҲʯĿȨҸΣ
趫˿ЩˣͻȻֵҲһ˿ĵ֮ɫ
ԭȵܹʤʱȻҲȵ⣡
ЦһβΣƺҲ˵İɣ磬ΪӮ˵ĻҲֻܼΪӮˣ
ʵҲ֪ӮĿԲһԵҲ֪
ǲǼʦȻҲ֪ɽļֵ׼ˣ
ֻܹһ趫ǵоͿģ
ҪõʯĿȨҲõķǳĲˬ
趫˵úúãҪʦǾˣҵҪһʦˣǻʲô˵
趫һŭǿݺŭɫ
һҿ趫ȴ˺ܶ࣡
ݺˣһɻأܹһ趫ֶΪأ




1953ݺž
 

һƬ֮У
һ»кϷˣԭǶΪ趫϶Ӯˡ
û뵽ΪҵŮݺͻȻع飬ʹµı仯
ݺȥʮ꣬ȻܹóһƷ
Ҳ̸Ʒǲܹ趫ƷѾΪһĹˣ
ʵҲ쳣ĸˣ϶֮˵Ǻ°
˶Խܹɽۻ
£趫û뵽ȻЧ
ݺĻع飬ʵʵ趫žžǼƵĸо
ҵ֮ˣȻȥʦŷˣ
ʵϣֻҪļ۸ʣЩṩķԶֹЩ
ɽ磬һжǿʯ˵ģ
ϵϣݺԼĸĸ͸Ǳ̸š
ף˽ûзϣ
ϾֻһѣȻ࿴ȥЩƢܳ壬ȴܶϵƢ
״ˡĸ״ˣЩݺڣǻ𣿡
ݺԼĸĸҲЩε˵һ֮¾ˣȴԼĸĸף
ϰڰֵİɣݺ鶼ȥôˡ˵ˣҲôСļ壬ܲɱҵ˰ɣ
һԵҲǵǰȻ̫һʳĴ壬ĴȴҲҸôΣҪ£ҵģ
ݺһλͲҪˣһŮʲôŰ
ϿݺƵ˵ʵǲݺʲôŷУ
ݺЦŵ״ˣſϷ۳ĴͳҳȥҲ治ǣ
ӴŵȼҲܲɫ£һɲҵŲ
΢΢һЦҲû뵽ԼþȻﵽĵȼ
ʵϣʵܹﵽ𾳣Ϳȥɱ𾳽޵ġ
ɱʵһǳΣյ飬һŪúпܱŵ֣
ݺųɫ£ӢˬϺЩĿ࿴ˡ
ݺЦЦһſǱȲŵģٺ٣
ĿҪñһŶ
Ҳǰ뿪Ц˵ʵǿЦѡ
ݺǲԼĸ磬ڵĻԼŸûӮĻģ
һ뵽֮ǰ׸ʦɱǻʵǳǵڻĿأ
ݺٺһЦңѪ֮⣬ſ²ѪŵĶ֣
ȥһȦţ˰˵ܰŮڿͦİ趫Цһ
Ѫ֮⣬ŶȲϣ
Ѿͷܴţ
һ趫Ķ཭Цһ״ˣͷţҲʯɾĴ£
һ཭ĻЦһ཭û£þôһ˵ֳģôһ
ǣҾͼñҸǰ཭һ
ݺԼĸ΢΢ҡͷ磬ǵģûйϵ˵ˣͷɶǿʵ˵ġ
ôŰȻȻ཭ƵĿݺ
ݺû˵˶Ҫһ£ѪŻǴ󲮵ٳҿɲôɨˣ
ϣݺȴƣ
ҺܿѾγ˹ͬ˵ļƣ
ҵ磬˭ٸµĻɱҲˣǱ߳ԱߵȰɡ
Ļ˶ֻʣС֮
˶ڵȴǼʦĵ趫̣Ҳû˵ʲôˡ
ŵǴʦȽԺ󣬵ʱһˣ
һߣ
ݺԼĸ׵ʵ״ˣүүأ
Ҿ֪үүǰɣүүѾչˣӦÿˡЦŵ
ݺһߣҲǵͷҺóʱûмүүˡ
һϵĻҲ΢΢Щʧ䣬ĴϪϢ۰
ѾߣΨһİ취ǵȵ֪˸Լˣ
һںҵʱ򣬺ʯԼȻû̫ôеһϢȷǶԼЩô
ɵۼǿ߲УӵСĽˣ
ûļݺүү֮ǰǾԲܽ͸¶ġ
һүү֮󣬵ʱ㲻ͼүүҲأѾֹһεѯϢˣ
ݺ׿һۣҲǸ֮ܵеһ˿ʧ֮ɫ
мʦɵ
һ۷׷׵ʱſһ˵ĿһӶ˴ſ߽Ǹļһϣ
һҲ΢΢̧ͷ




1954żʦ
 

󣿡
̧ͷȥʱüͷ΢΢
ƺ˸ʶǿΪᣬʵȥҲһ㣡
ɺڣ
һҲܵʦ
ʦͱ׼ҲڵĲΰɣ
ûʵôܵʦأ
ʦҪͼʶ֮⣬ʵ֧ŵĹؼ
һԵ趫ЦһҿǳеĴͻоȻһɺڵļһǲЩ̫ҵˣ
ų΢΢ֵ󣿡
ǳļʦ֪ʲôΪλЧ͵ģ
ӿȥһĵȻƺûн˵Ļһ£
һԵȴһֱĶǰӣ
ɺڣ
һﻹװĹİȻᾹȻѾǴﵽɻʾڵʵʵһ𾪣
Ȼ֪˵ʲôݣɴӴ˵ݾԲܵ͵ģ
ߣɡ
趫˵Ȼ󲢲ʮֵ⣡
ֻҲ̲˵ǻϷ۳а
򹷻ÿأ
˼ֻǽɺڵʵ˼ıǼΪǿģ
΢΢һЦǳεļʦΪ֮꣬лλգ
֮ǰĳʦأ
˿ʵʵҲһ
˵ˣǳеļʦ
ƺӣȥЩӡ
˭˼ҵĺ̨Ӳأ
ڱ˿ֻһɺڵļһҿȥǳǷᣡ
Ĳ̫̬棬ֻ˵Ȼ˵ĻǷһ£
ҵշѺܸߵģ
żǿ˿˵
˵СӣˣһССĽɺжˮƽҶ㵽ܲܿó
趫ЦһһҲʵ̫һЩ
оǳԽܣ̲ס˵
ЦһҼҲǿԵģҼȻˣǱҪշѵģ
һ̫ˣҵ˶ˣ
֮ǰǳҲûôŰ谡滹Цеģ
û뵽һļһȻȳ绹Ҫţ֣Ҳɫѿ˼㣡
סˣǿǲҵİ
˼ұǿӵϷ۳ı棬Ҫǵ˻Ժҵ鷳¿Ҳٵģ
֪ӵշѱ׼Ƕ٣
Լڸ˵һﵹ׵һ˿Ȥ
ʵŰ裡
һ϶ѰģȻ֪˵ݵʲô
Ϊһǵ֮ҿ˵棬һİ
ְǳڳɳһصĻ֮£Բʵġ
շѱ׼һһƷʯ
ӿȥʮֵǷᣬ̬ȷ·ˣҾǵԩͷ
һҲסˣų˵ûиɣ۸ƺѾʱʮֹ
ǵȻñŷ۸ѾǱ˵ˣ
󵭵˵ʹ֮˶Ŀɿڴ
̫ˣ
ʵ̫ˣ
޳֮ˣûмô޳֮ˣ
һھҪһƷʯļѣֱǿӵ
ǲҪˣţֱӸʯ߾ˣ
趫ҲŭһųŭɣΪһǳеˣͶˣ
ССĽɺڣȻɻʾǿ߿Ц
ѲһľͲ
ǾƷʯ
ǵ˵ƺ˶ǵϷˣһ㣬ַƵӣ˾һз·ôȻ
ֱ̫̫
趫һǱŭˣҪȴֲҶֵӣ˿һĺЦ
Ʒʯ󣬻ּ
˽ֵʱ״һվųķ˹֣
һɻʾڵĶǿߣܹŷƷʯĲ
Ǻǣλֵܽʲô
˿ףǾһ£˿ҲЦʵ
ף
׵˵ɻʾڵǿߣҲҪСĵģ
׺ֿݵ˶ǲϵץֻֿҪû¾
ΪڹûãҪϲܹͻƣ
˵ֿݶѾͻƵıԵʱܹɻʾڵļһǾǺˣ
¶һ˿ЦףǺǣҺ㣡
װʲôβǣϽˡ
趫ųǱĥˣ
Ʒķ˹ȥıǷƵ




1955³ļ
 

ƫڣ
еĿⶼ˳ϣ
һ￴ȥЩҪ˼ұвȻգȴҽô
ںܶѾ
һʲôⰡǸһɺڶѣôʵҲ˼˵ԼǼʦ
ͷĳʵ̫ˣû뵽оȻҲ鰡
ǰҪȥĻԺһôк
أҿǴͻвǺǻøǺأ
̬ȣԺǲںˣ
һȺ˽ȴ̫Ϊ˼Ҽҵ׺񣬱
̫һʳĻңҲҶԳʲôľٶ
ֻɺڵļһʵ̫ˣŵܶѾǿȥˡ
ݺߵǸһһĸ֣
ȻʱһɺڵĳţҪ֪Ǽһڵĸְ
ȻĵȥǸɺڵСüȥģ
ҲһĿףֻҲҪЦɺڣ
һﻹĿ԰
ļɺڵôŵģɺڵôţƵģ
һߣ
Ͽ׳ף㲻ҵˣٲ廰ʱ鷳û˰㣡
ݺҲ֪ΪʲôͻȻվǰ׵״ˣҾ˵û
ûϷ۳ҵУǵȷǵﲻ𣡿Ҳ룬ҵ˵ﲻأ
Ͽ⻹Ǻܵģ趫ѾǽΪждˡ
ѾΪһǹҵģרŸԼȥģ
趫׵񣬳ɱ
ݸһЦνˣȻ˼ǼʦҲҪֳʤΪʲôҪ˷ʱأ
СӰԿ֪ۣˣȿɡ
϶׵̬ȵҲͦõģϾԼŮˣȻԼŮǱˣ
ǵʱʲô飬ľͻ𣿵Ȼܵģ
Ҳĸ첲ףҪСˣ
ݺЩǣȴҲرĺ£趫ҪԸף
ǻǰ˭ʤ˭һأ
Ʒķ˹ȥ˿Ʒ֮󣬱̧ͷ
ϻƷܲȥˣҪľһƷһƷļֵһЩ
趫ʵûĸ˵̬Ⱥܲͷ
ƺ̬ȸûκεĸо˿趫ɽ
ɽ˵ɽļֵҵƷҪߣ
趫ɫǳѿһεʵ
Ķ⣿˵˷ɽû
Է̵һ˵һֱӣ˶оһܲˣ
һԵȴˣ
Цʵӣȷ𣿡
ȻҹѲɻǳеʵ𣿡
󵭵ʵĨһ˿м֮ɫ
Ը˵һ֣
Ǻðɣ¹ҵĴ£ȻȷˣҲðˣ
пĲѣû뵽վȻӮˣ
Ҫ֪Ը趫Щ鷳оûжвˡ
趫ɷѿĵôһ֣ȴΪѣ
뻹ǺЦĺܰѾˣҲһȻȨ۶Ҿˡ
Ҳû뵽ĽӵģʵһֱΪԼӮġ
ʯĿȨ
˵ԼҪǾƭˣ
ôǰֲɵӣܹȡĻҪȡģ
ֻ֪Լϴ϶ֻܹˡ
û뵽еļǳ֮⣡
ǾȻӮˣ
΢΢һЦһεĲͷݺ
ֻû˵꣬һѾɫ趫׵ŭˣ
վĸǰһССĽɺڵļҲܹΪҲ
趫˵ƨһ𣿳Ϸ۳У㾹ȻɳеȨ
ʱȻˣȡΪʲôȡأ
ϣҿʯ˰ɣΪһļܹһûпһֱۣǺҼ཭
趫ɫѾǱһƬԼĶŭһ
״ˡ཭Ҳǰ
ȥ³е³ʦ
趫׵ŭˣһֱоǸһ㣡
Ҫһε֤³ʦѣԭҪ³š
ֻΪһеˣҲû֨
һҵʵ̫ˣڣԼأ
ţ趫˵˼ͻ˼ˣ³ʦ˵ӵĶŮĶǲǻڵ㰡У
̷趫飡
趫һߣҪô
׿趫΢΢һЦȻ㲻ԸԼʧܣ֮Լһ£ӮˣӴԺʧΣ




1956¸˵ֵ
 

ƫ
׵Ļ˶Ϊ֮һ
뿪ң
һ˵ǴԲѰҪ֪趫ҵĵϵλȨأ
Ȼ峤ѡδûԣ
ô̼趫˶Ŀɿڴ
һԵݺҲסˣҲû뵽׾Ȼ֮£
ѲҪԼүүʮǰ
ôףĨһ˿֮⣡
ڣҲ׶̬ȻǲóһһЩøУ
ҲǺøжѣô׵ȥ˽أ
ֻҾȻҲôᣬһЩķ緶
óһﲻڵĲζѣܹŪһˣûһ٣Ҳʮ
ƾʲôôأ
׵ȤԽԽŨأֻһֱûвִ£
ҵļ£ǿϣ
趫Цһ˵һ飡
Щ˵Ķ仹ǲʹȻҪ˵һ飬һҪˡ
׿趫֮ҲĨһ˿⣡
仰ˣղ˵趫Ķ䲻ʹû뵽һεĲһ
ֻܹ˵һĵȷƯ
ףʲô
ϿףɫҲǵͳϾ漰ĶɾͲܹصˡ
仰Ͽ˵Ǻ趫ˣ
׸ûгϵķ򿴣Ӯˣʧ
ǴԲѰʲôʸҵ飿ݺСѾͷ齨ŵһԱѡ
趫ЦʵҲЩƣ
Ȼû뵽һԼôľ
ݸһЦȻôţΪʲôҴӦأǺǡ
㡭ְãӦ㣡趫Ĩһ˿ɱ⣬ŭһӮֵΣ
׿趫ӮˣӦ
ãӮˣһұңô
趫ҲǱ׸ʧȥǣʵ˵ĶעװëǮĹϵûУ
ƺ˭Ӯ˭䶼ֻҵˣ
ܣҪ֣˿Ц
ҲǵͷˣҿΪֹɣ磬أ
ߣˣ
趫û˵޲ֱɱײźء
ŭһ趫ҲΪ˼忼ǣʲôҵģΪ㰡
ϣ֪ͿҲ˳ˣҿҲǺ˳ۣǽһ˶ϰɣ
趫Ĩһ˿⣬ʵһʼľ׵ǻ쵰
ϸ֮ȴע˵û̫Ļ
趫ҵĵλΪΣ
һ˵ĻǵʯĿȨϵУ
϶ӵһʯĿȨôأ
һУ
ʱһʲô˼
ԼӮأʱ򲻵õһʯĿȨܹǱڵľ֣
ֶΪأ
趫ԽԽһ飬Լǰһ
ֻղûͨѣͨˣ¶ˡ
һʼ״̼ڱ̼ˡ
Ҳһˣ趫֮ĳԹͷǳĴ
ݺϣ˿˵ˮݵֹϵ
úúãȻ趫Ҫи˶ϣұи˶ϣ˭Ӯ˭£˭˭
Ҳһľ߸ԵˣҲ̫ܲĴ̼
ټ趫һﱾͲϲһȥֱӾʹӦˡ
ղŻǳǵϣѾǳ׵ı׸˽ˡ
úõһ磬ӣҲĿɿڴ
ļٵģ
֮в֪ǻϲǳ˵ϲɣҲһЩģϾĻһ֣
ͬʱҲҵʵֻ˵бף
磬Ѿ趫Ҫ˶õŮҲҪ˶ϣڻѾ˵ˣҲûκεĹ˼ˣ
ǸֱӣȻѾ˵ˣûк˵Ļ˵
ߣ⣡
趫ҲһŲõ˵ѾˣǾȥʱˣ
˵ʵԽԽеèˣ
һССĽɺڵ˵ԼƷǸȥҲһƷɽ
ⲻǳô
Ҫ֪趫Ʒǿǻ˳Ʒʯģ
ô߸оһǮֵأ




1957³е
 

̫һʳң
ΪĹ죬ԭַǷĳѾʧ
ȡ֮ȴһƵ֣
˿̣һΣⳡΣʼٸ߾ȻǸո߲õף
˿̿ϵûκεƺһиûʲô̫Ĺϵһ㣡
ֻǺܶ˶Ŀ⼯ϣ
һӮ˻ã˵Ļҵ˿²ʲôġ
һأʱ϶֮ˣ
˶ڵȴ³еļʦ³ĵ
ٹһӣ
ͻˣʱ͵˾˵ʱˡ
ݺףг˼֮ɫôҲû뵽׾Ȼʱ
ȻҲǳĲϲԼĶ趫ȴ֪Լɲʲôʡ͵ĵƣ
ɰ񣬵ʱ׿¶Σ֮У
ʱһһĹȥˣ
ʱ֮һӰѾӳ˵֮У
ɻʾǿߣ̫һʳ³еĸˣϯʦ
һţ˵ǲСģ
³۳ҵУȻϷ۳λС
ɽ˵к³ʵλ࣬³Ҫѹһͷ
λӣˣ
³һֵܣҲ΢΢Ҿ
Ȼı³гʵֵܵʵ֮ϡ
ֿбҪģ
³̬Ѿ뵽˸ղų̬ȣ
趫³ϵǲֵ³ʦô˻ʵЩ˼һֵҪԡ
ֺأ³п⣬Ȼˣ
³ǿĺܣȷһӦеķ緶
ǾԺΪ
ӵ۳ıվ⣬Ͼͷʵ̫ˡ
趫΢΢ͷ³ʦȻдʦ緶ĳЩˣ治֪ôģһССĽɺڶָֻˣ
еˣ
³ЩɻĿ˿Χܿ㽫Ŀ˳ϣ
ɺڣ
ȷˣɳвǳĵ˭
Ѳǳͽܣ
΢΢һЦ³ʦλǳεļʦ֮ǰĳʦˣ
λǳеμʦ
³֮еɻһȻҲǼʦ
Ҫ֪ʦְҵ˵Ҳ򵥣ֻҪ֮ḻ⻹Ҫһʵ֧Ű
ǰȻǲϸģǲ֪еôģ
³ʦҿǲҪ˰ɣһҪƷʯǹԵأ
趫³Ȼֿ˿һԵĳ֮ɫ
Ʒʯ³Ҳһ
Цһ
ӹȻи԰³һĻ˼Ҳǻ
һֱеҵĹϵƺѾ˱ıԵ
ȴһ󻧣
һ뵽ߣҲһܹȡһͻĻǵʧΪһ°
³ʦһҪһµġ趫³
³΢΢һЦ鲻æȻ˳εļʦ͸ˣҵĸλӣҲһҪ֮λ
Ŷʲô飿
ȻȻĽӹʵϾҵһ֮Ȼֻʱġ
³΢΢һЦ֮³оʮһȵᣬʱкܶĺöμ
ŶѾȷˣҲ΢΢һЦ³еÿһοɶоϲİ
һȻҲˣ³΢΢һЦѾǶ˺ܶ뺯
λȤĻ뺯
³һ뺯һԵϣ΢΢һЦ
ֱһ̽뺯ѾǵУ˵ϣҪʧ
Ҳ뺯һԵҲһţ
³һףҲЩ֣֮ǰûмġ
Ȼ˼ˣҲö˵ʲô
³е뺯ǿɲһܹõģֻΪ⣬ײõ뺯
³еᣬȻóʧϣʱ׼ʯźð
³˵˵ҲǴһƵ˼
΢΢ͷҵһǰֻ³ʦ顭
ǺǣΪλӼһ¡
˵꣬³ĳƷķ˹ȥ




1958Ǹ
 

ƫ̨֮ϣ
ȻڷƷƷļֵҲ˺ܶĶ
Ʃ˵趫ҵȥ
Щ鿪ûлͷȻ˵ĻǱóȥˮ
ھҪڣҲѾûκεĻˣ
ڳ֮˵Ľȫ³ϣ
һϯ͵˵˭ˡ
ֻ³֪Ϊһβһļѣûô뷨
ң˭Ҳûи鵽ô£
ԣĽʵ߲οֵģ
³ǰȥ趫ǼƷ˿ɼף˵˿ɼ׵ȷϺõĽ˿ƳɣƷ֮У
³ʦ˿ɼ³лյĻҪʯ
趫Ŀˣ³ⷬ˵ĶǸöˡ
³΢΢һЦƷʯ

´һ󾪺֮
ҵ谡ƷʯֲöôŰ
ǰһǺˣƷʯǿǼֵǰ
⻹ǻյļ۸ǷĻǿ¸Ǻ˰
Ҿ˵ֲöôţڿ˼ɵİ
һ˽ȴ𽥵ı
Ʒʯ⻹ǻյļ۸ֵǷǳĲƵġ
һƷռ۸񶼲ᳬƷʯģһλ趫Ӯʮþȵˡ
ϵɫ൱ѿʵղǱ趫ļŪκˣ
˿̣Ǻ
뿪ңԺӿ¾Ĳùˡ
Ҳһš͵ˣȻ˵ˣҲκεĺڡ
趫˿ɫӣһЦܰǲ˼˰һοʰʰŶ
ߣ趫ⲻǻûʲô
ϴ˿̸˵ĸоѼӲϱԿóʵҲǺܽŵġ
΢΢һ̾³ʦﻹһɽҪȻһ
Ǻǣɽȥǲ۸Ȳ˿ɼס
³Ŀһ֮󣬱Цŵ
ʵϣҲΪΪһĽ͵ҪһЩ
ҲûϸȥϾõƷȷ֮١
ɫķɽȥû̫ʵĵط
˵һ£һҪĿΪҲμġ
ڼǸ˳ֵ飡
³Ҳû̫һ£
³ʦȻǴʦǱЩνļʦҪǿܶడ
趫³ĻǿŵЦ
ǺǣһΪ³еļʦʲôˮ׼ˣڿʧ
һεĿˣ³ĻҲ¶һ˿мЦݣ
ʲô˼
³һֵˣɫҲ
˿³˵ĺһ㣬ˮƽдߣ˵Ĳһ㣬Ǹ

һҲΪ֮һ
еҲ̫ˣ˵˼³ʦ³еĸ˼ϯʦ
Ȼ˵˼ѲɾΪ˼³ʦûͬĹ۵
趫Цһǳеˣ鲻ƽϣû뵽㾹ȻôߣΪǺúŪ𣿡
ǣ˵д𣿡
˿趫ӻôķƵ
ʱҲվ˳˿³Ҳ΢΢ҡͷ³еȷʧ͸˵Ҳͬ
㡭ǡ
³ɪɪû˸ҵԼ˵Լ
ɽǳʶˣ˵ˣһ˵
ǳأ˿̣˫ҲȥѾŭıԵˣʱضпܱ
˵ǿˣΪ³еϯʦ³еδеǰ˼һÿ
֮м̣
к³֮䱾ͬк;ϵ
ڴôᣬŪ
³ŭһСӣϷ᲻£һʶôߣݹϷˣ
飿Ǻǣûµ˾ϲְҷ㵽ף
ɲһף˿³г˲м֮ɫ
һԵ׳³е˾ôûƷôԼˣѲɻñ˸ɣӸղѾǼˣҽˣȴѲǱ趫˲ɣ
󵨣
趫ŭһѾǰε˶㣬ƺһ̱Ҫ׸նɱڴˣ
ֻ³˴̼֮ҲһεĽĿ⼯Ǳɽ֮ϣ




1959
 

ţ
趫׼֮ʣ³ĶͷѾһ˿˿ϸ
˿̣ɫǺ죬ƺЩʲô֮һ㣡
³ǱɽѾЩˣ
趫³ӣ³ʦЩ˴ԲѣҺΪҷǲɡ
ӣ
³ʿĭɫȥһЩ
ԭѾûκϣϵˣ˿ҲһεĿ³
ǵҲһ뷨Ѳ黹лأ
³ʦ˵¹ҵĶӺӵȥ⣬ԻһЩ
Ӻӵȥ⡭ô£
³ƵĿ֮ˣҲû뵽ġ
΢΢һ̾Ȼ˵ҳ󲻿顭
˵꣬Ϳʼ˽飬Լ࣡
Ҫľǽһ趫ϵĶע⣬Ҳ˵ļֵվȥı׼
³һ¶ͷϵϸҲ΢΢һ̾ԭˣղŵȷЩ̫ء
³ʦʲô˼
趫³ƺһֲ̫õԤУѲ黹ʲôıɣ
ȿȡ³һ£ȻաղֻǴھжϣЩʧ󣡵ȷ׾ˣҸոϸļһ飬ƷɽļֵҪԶԶ˿ɼס
³ʦ棿
ϵбĳһ˿ļ֮ɫеʵ
³΢΢һ̾λѣ˵ҽ컹ҪЦˡ
³ʦ⡭⵽ô°
һ趫ĿԽԽ˰
趫ˣ˵ȷһ£
ղһΪˣ߶˵δؾǺˡ
³˵ǣҲǼʵ
³΢΢һЦɽէһȷͦͨģȴǳĺҿĲĻӦǳɣ
ҲЩĿĿ³
˵ˣǼֵѾǺˡ
ꣿߣİϡ
˿³м˵ۼʶ³̫Զ
һҲ΢΢ͷöɽӦɵģֵӦòƷʯ

һףʵҲֻܹóİ꣡
û뵽һﾹȻԼӵľ׼
֮ǰֻЩȤĻô׵ȤԽԽˣ
ĻƷʯļ۸񶼵ˣóȥĻпܳ˰Ʒʯ
³˵ķǳпϣϾķɽȷǺܺ
Ʒ֮УҲƷˣ
˰򣿣
ˣû뵽ԼֶŮ͸ԼĶȻֵˣ
˰ƷʯֱһƶĽɽ
趫ɫĿ£û뵽Ȼķת˵ʵĺ޲ɱǰˣ
³ʦȷ𣿡趫дűʵ
һ治ȷҵʵĿǿԱ֤ġ
³ô˵趫ˣ
ϹĿЦ˼趫㻹ʲô˵
úúãϣԸķ䣬ҵţߣ
趫Լ뿪ҵƫûκε
һԼľ֣˶Լ˵кôġ
趫һֱҵĻ»÷ÿȥһء
λ֮ᣬ뼸λ׼ʱμӡ³ĳһˡ
³ɫͨ죬Ƕ˶ˣ
СһﵱԼĳˣ滹һԼľ֣
ﻹأ
ǷǳƵģΨһ뷨ǸϽ뿪ط
ȻˣҲˣǰɣ
һף¶һ˿Цʵ
£
׿˿Ҳ΢΢һЦʵ
գУĳֹӴݣ
󹰹ֵ˶ûеõĴȴ׸õˡ
һԵ˿ҲƲѣֵѾǹܵˣû뵽ճĸӱ䱾
΢΢ֵһ
ˣߵʱһƬɱ˵Ŀ֮뿪ģֻƺЩĿѾߵЧˡ
˿̣֮˵Ŀȫ׵ˡ




1960ϵ
 

ףԭֻΪ˼һ߮ġ
߮ûмȴǳôһѵ
ȻǳΪ˹עĽˣ
Ϊ飬˳Ľһ֣ϲĶ֣
ȴûκεԹһЩһˡ
䲻ˣ
һۣ˿ҲЦеģ
ֹӣ
΢΢һЦ˿ûΪ趫ȥòã֮֮ǰҪӵĺһЩ
û̫Ĺϵ֮ǰµ趫µף
Լĸ׷һëǮĹϵûС
̵ְĵߣ
в˵ĵ
΢΢ȻһϯԵ
ܿ죬ЦȥˣͳƷҲ˺һӵˡ
Ҫ˵ƷʵҲǸ߳һأ
ٳоԼջķᣡ
ϵķڣ
˿һҺ״Ǳߣһ˵ҲǹЦݣֻЦ֮ȴһ˿˿ĵ֮ɫ
˵СãλֹҲ̫ţһɣССڣȻҵƶ壬Ƶ뿪ңţ
ԼãȻֿ˿ףҲ˴Ĵָ
һԵҲ΢΢һЦ趫Ϳ˳ˣҪһĻǼݺҲҳ߲ǣݺˣǱŪˣһһ
ݺݸһЦһжִأ
ЦЦҸݺѣ֮以ҲӦõģ˵ˣ۸ͷˣǲһôأ
ֹӣǶԿ㣬ɵСһЩҲǵ
һԵҲǵͷҶ̫ܲ˽⣬Ըرһα뿪϶뷽跨Ҫ㱨ġҵˣôֹ㲻ҵˣҿ¡
ݺҲΪǵ˵ǰҶ˳Ǹģִɵá
ˮһװ˵
˵ʵ׹Ϊ׻ʳĵ۾ôὫһССļӵܷأ
ֹӿǲСҲǰ뿪Ц˵ɲã趫ɻʾڵǿߣɵСˡ
ĻִӦû⣬Ͼִʦǿնɱǻʵǿأ¶˰
ݺһСľͽ֮ǰ˵©죡
ʵҲϾԼļǰ˵ûһķ
ֻһԵ׵ЩˣЦһݺǿ˵˵İ
ִ磬Բ𰡣ҡûע⡭
ݺ͵ȻҲʶԼĴˣ֮ǰ׿Լܲ˵Ҫ˵ġ
ղҲ˳ôһ˵ϾԼĸĸ͸磡
˿̣ϺĿɿڴĿףҲǵɴ飬ƺʲôŵһ㣡
ݺ㡭ղ˵ʲô˵һ飡
Щ𾪵ĿԼոջŮʵ
һԵݺղź˵ֹӺʦնɱһͷɻʾڵĽǻʣ
ҡҡ
ݺЩ֪ˣҲ֪˵ûǲ˵ˣ
̾һȷˣ
ҵĹԹԣֹӿʵˣɻʾڵޣɻʾڵǿߣҪնɱҲǺѰ
֮ɫ
˵ЦʵϵȷܹΪɻʾڵѾǳ׵ĳˡ
Ǹ֪ΣյǳǿҪնɱʵǿһЩͿģ
ϣеѾԸˡ
ЦŵҶѣ
ңֹӻǫ鰡֮ǰС˰û뵽Ȼ˵ʵ
֮ɫɻʾ޵Ŀ£Ѳɲ֪ԼŮѲǵ֮
װڰֵҴ̫һʳҪΪһЩ˽£Ҫһҵ峤֪λɷ
Ҹ״ˣ£ЩɻĿ˿ʵ
΢΢һЦ˽£ʱ棡
ݺ̵״ˣִĻѾͷվԳˣִҵľˣܲܰһִ磿
ʲôֹӾŮĳһݡ˵Ҫϥ¹ֻסϵಮÿֻǻԵɺ϶ѡ
ˣֹӣȻ˵ˣҿ϶ǻæġֻҪ㲻Ҳ鼴ɣ״ڱչ֮УֹӻҪһЩӡ
Ҳǵԭһ˿ԥԼŮһϯҲǳ׵Ĵˣ
ֻлЩɻֺ֮Щͣ
ڶ磬״ݺ뿪ңǵĿǳУ




1961̫һʳ
 

̫һʳǣ
׸ݺȥҵĴѾˡ
ƺû˲ˣ飬⵹׵ĵλˡ
ԼҲû뵽Ľģ˵һ¡
ʵϣҪĻǵ峤߮
ǲܹԼһЩ飬⻹ҪĽˡ
׵Ҳǲܹ֤үӾһ˵
ϴӦ˰Լٶ˵ǸϢ
ִ磬ȥУ
ݺף̧ͷʵȥƺЩԥ֮ɫ
Ǻǣ㲻֪𣿡Цʵ
ݺ˼Ŀ׵ǡǸЩ뿪֮󣬾ûʲô·ҪҪȻȥ·ʲôİɣ

һЩסˣȷݺĴЩ̫ҰһЩ
ֻǼû·ΪʲôҪأ
׵ǸˣɽŮǶ·֮ĿҲ൱ִŵġ
ݺ¶һ˿Цִ磬ҺܿģǰһѣҡҿǺþöûйˡ
ðɣʱ仹ĺܣż
ԭҪ̽һ̽ĵϸģʵ̫һʳǣҲЩ֣
Ͼ˵ʵֻɻʾ֮ĻĲ׵Ļɡ
ƫƫᣬȴѾﵽɻʾڵĲΣ
ͲòЩ뷨ˣοһ˳С
˭
˦˦ͷҲҪȥЩݺһڴӣֻܹӦݺҪˡ
˵ݺȷһλ۲۵ĴŮ
ֻǳţЩŵĸоǵյĻһŮˡ
Ż治ʺŮ˴ôһλɫŮ߶ˡ
ִˡ
ݺʵ׾һɲǣѾ˲
ȻײûʲôʵԵĹϵݺȴԼƺرϲ״һ
ŮΪüݣ
仰ǾûдģݺͻȻҪԼʵֻԼ֪뱻״ȥʱˣ
֪ݺôĻҲзˡ
˳ѵķ˹ȥ
ҲΪݺ̫һʳ϶ѵĴڵģ
ֻҲû¸ɣԭŵпյʱһµġ
ھϤһ°ɣ
ѣ̫һʳΪĵضΣʵվǱߣԿõеģ
λɣҪһЩʲôǵµһЩԴ
һŮӳ׺ݺķ˹ȥһ˵̫һʳͷһЩˣǶܹеŵġ
ǰˣƺôʶ
׾Ͳ˵ˣҲǵһ̫һʳѣ˲ʶԼǺ飡
ݺ뿪ʮ꣬ЩԱôܹ֪λҵĵϵСأ
ϾѵԱԻǷǳģЩҲǺģ
·һнܵ𣿡
ݺЩ·˵һ㲻ǵһط
Ȼеģ֪λҪͨһЩأҪ
ǸԱҲˣѵĵһֱǷֵķǳȷ
ֻ̫ͨȻûеģѵ·Ҫٵʯġ
¥ɡ
ݺȻһ㣬浹ǷǳϤ
ǵԱЦŵСһǵͣ¥Ǳѡ·ɣ
ɽ֮ˣܶ࣡
ܶ˲Ըһһͬ·ԺܶԱʱ£
ݺʼ·ҿûôĽ
С㣬롭
ǵԱҲಽĳŶ¥ķ˹ȥ˿Ҳ͸һЦݣ
Ͼܹȥ¥ѵˣǿɶһЩҵӵġ
Ҷ¥ȥһ·ɣǱһ¥ȥһ·ҪĶء
˳Ŷ¥ķ˹ȥ
ʱѵĶ¥滹ŮˣһΪ˽ʲô
¥ˣ¥ϵȻҪעһ£
ֻǵŮ˿ݺʱǵЩסˣ
ݺȻ㣿
һΪŮӣݺüͷʵ
ݺ̧ͷҲɫǷǳĺÿ˵ɣ
Ȼ㰡㻹̫һʳ
ɿݺ֪ݺѾعˣŮ˵ȷǷǳ
λɣ̫һʳĴ֮׵ҵϵ
ԭɸݺ̫ĳԹһжΪݺ굱ҵϵҶˣ
ݺԸ޵һλǡþɵĸ壡
νԩ·խ⻹˵û
ݺһɵʱʧȥȤˡ




1962¿С
 

Ѷ¥
ЩԱЩȦʵҲʶìܵġ
ֲ˶ȻĹĵˡ
ͬҲϲĳΪ˶
һ˶ʱ·ֱ糴һļ򵥣
ݺɣҵƺֲС˼ɣ
һޣƾҲ䣿Ҹݺҵ޸ҸģһȻˣΪܵ𣿡
мС㻹Ǽ峤ɣʲôʱҵСˣ
ݺ˵ıҲͦߵģɸû˿ã
˵ߣӲãҾͽϢҸ磬ʱ͵ſϷɣ㲻ҿԵûзڻˣΪ㻹ܺù𣿡
ݺɫһ䣬˼·ģ
ʵϣ֮Ҳĵǣͱ˵Ļʱô죿
ȻҲܶʲôʹʲô۶ӵĻԼɾΣˣ
˵·ߣ˭·㣡
С㡭
һԵԱˣ·ǵְ𰡣С˵ⷬЩԽˣ
ݺЦһɣ㻹һİԵǶ۳ƼҵĲҵѲѾҸ𣿻Լ£
ݺ˵ȥĻǾóȥˮ˵㣬Ǳǲ㣡
ƺҲǳţ棬˵ʮ㣬һе
ݺҪ˵һԵݺԼԼľˣоӣԺҪҪˣ
׾ɾǸɵȱ⣡
Ů˲һʳĵϵѣţȥ
ʵͱѿҪţ̫̫ˣһȼġ
Ѳѵ˻ܹҵָӲɣ
ݺͷִ磬ȥǱ߿ɡ
˸ɣ˿ɵü֮Ѿһ˿˿ɱ
ݺߣһ˹Ȼ֣ݺ㻹ĴԵװҰѻߣҪһߣûб£
ݺŭһɣ㡭̫۸ˣ
ɿЦ˼Ҿ۸ˣôΰɣӻǻҵģ
װ׳һĿɣȻһԵݺˣǼɣ
ɿɣǲ㰡
ɵ֮͸һӵĿ·ڿʲôЦһĿǰ
ʵҲôţֻѵƹģĺѡ
ôŻеģֻһƺţƴ˶
׸ݺǱ·ǸԱ׺ݺЩӣ
ǡǸλɣҪȻλڹɣ
ǸԱȻ֪ɸԼҵƹʶҲЩ
ŭһߣҿǲ˰ɣ˭ҪǸˣԺǸԣ
ɵȱ
û˵һ䣬Ů˵ĲѾˡ
˵ʲô˵һ飡
һ׵Ļըˣ
û뵽̫һʳ֮УȻ˸ҵԼɵȱ
Сǲǲˣ
׳ҪʲôҸ㣬ԺѵĶǲǣǲ̤һ
̤һǴ󰡣˵ݺҰ˻˵´ͷ
ɵĿ˺Ϳܼ·ʲôЦһ㣡
𣿡
ײٴŮˣݺһ·ҲЦЦʵ
ݺ˿׵ִ磬ҪҪȻɣ
ΪʲôȻȤȻ·ˡ׵˵
ǡǸ㲻֪ɡݺ
ʵѾЩˣɼȻ˵ĻǾ˵ĵ
Ȼʮ궼ûлع̫һʳˣ̫һʳʵ˸һЩҲġ
ο֮ǰ˵ˣѵƹǹۺѡ
Ļʱĵ˸ǮʱǶ˵ľִ
ֱݺе·ȻһԵǸԱʯˣ
ǡǸɣΪˡԱЩε˵
ѿ⣬ôģܹµ˹
ǡǸƹе飬ֻƹ⣡
ǸԱ˿ףҲ޿κΣǿˣͷܵﰡ
οɴܣֻСѣ




1963ƹ£ɷ¥һ
 

Ѷ¥
бۿ׵ķ΢΢ü֮ȴĳ֮⣡
ƹ£
ƹ֪̫ܲһʳǵ̫һʳܲ
طƹȨǳĴ󣬶ΪܲĹϵ
֮Уһƹ֮⣬һºһЩְλ
£ǽƹĶ
ȻǶƹͷѽ׿϶ǲܱȵġ
ܹģҲƹģ
ֻһ£ƹĺ͹֮ǲʲô̫ìܵġ
ȻƹĲڣǹµҲԣ
׿˿ǵԱ쵹Ҫ·ʲôģ
ǵԱ׵Ļ֮Ҳĭ˿ɣ
ЦһȥɣҸʲô
ǵԱһ̵ľˣʵм仹ͦΪѵġ
ΪҲûа취ɱܹȥ˵ƺѶõˣܹﲻ
Ϊ֮ƣֻƹĻ߹µˣ
ʱǳʲô۶ӣҲи߸ӵĶŲǣ
ݺ׵ִ磬ǸеĳԼҪҪȻȥаɣ
ӴӴӴ֪˰Ҫߣ
ɵĶ໹ôϬݺӣоǳĽ
˵֮Ҳ͸һӵİɫ
ݺʵЩˣ֪ղô˵ʱֱӼװȻ뿪Ҳûôˡ
ڱ䳰ȷģҲŭգ
ֻЩⲻȥϾִûκεĹϵ
ֻǲ뽫սȼյִϣ˶ӣִͲ
ΪԼ飬ִ綪ӵĻпҲǹⲻȥġ
˭Ҫˣֻ£
ݺЩӲͷƤӭȥȻʱ˵Щ㡣
û˵ݺݺ㵱ҵȥˣ֪ˣߣǸϽɣ
˭˵Ҫˣеȵ˵ڼȻ·ˣ·һأĲҽͲ꣡
װޱߵ˵ҵô˵˵Ҫѵˣͷһ
žž
һƵ˹һȵŮӻĴ¥
ǿģЩˣ
ٿµӣȻ֮ݺƺһЩɸһԵȣȴʤһ
ɸݺȥ»һԭΪݺ̫һʳĴŮ֮һɣ
¥ŮӽѵĹ£
ƹƲ³ȥĳ̸ڵҵȥˣֻߣ
ղ˵Ա˵ɸ˷˳ͻÿ
ЩŭգƺֲҲְɣ
ȴЩԥΪɸƲµĹϵʮֵУƲµĹϵȻһ㣬ɻûе˺ĵز
λɺѹˡ
΢΢һЦѿȥΪˡ
׿ƹ£·ʯˣ
Ǻǣ·ɲˣûмǴĻӦǧƷʯɣѶ¥·涼ǿԱ֤ģ·˾й֮⣬滹һС͵Ļ󷨡
ףĽ
ǧƷʯҲˣ׿˵
ԣ
΢΢һЦֻһԵɵɫһӾѿ˼㣡
ɿһ˿Цݵƹ£㻹֪ʲôɣ
ǺǣСʲôİûпأ
˵д̣ȴҲûʲô취
֮
˵˺ӣŮ˾Ͳ
ղɻڿ˵Ҫݺһ򲻵ת֮ˣ
ֱǱžž֮Ȼ󻹺ݺݵĴһŰ
ɵƹ£˵ңҿ˵򲻵ѵ·ģ
Сʲôʱѵƹˣѿ⣬ƺûвĵɣ
ʼմһ˿Цݣֻ⻰˵ȴ
ƹӦ֪Ҹƹ֮Ĺϵɣǿ˼ʮѼùۣƹǰ˵仰õģ
ɲ֪֮Ҳжģһָǰƹѹƣֻʵ䷴
ԭͲ̫ϲɣҲ̫ԵһЩ
ѵҪ֣ѲɾΪʶƲ
ЦһʶƹôˣʶƹĻԺѻҪҪˣĪСǲɣ
㡭б¾
ɵָұƺЩ
ôҲһš͵ˣʵҪǺú˵ĻĻȵƲ»˵
һƲѹˣȻǲˬˣ
ƲһֱѹԼѲһ۶ܹ
ƹ£ɷ¥һ𣿡
׺Ȼ˳¶һ˿Цʵ
ɻвѵˣҪһЩˡ
Ǻ⣬Ǹδ¶Ʋ£ѾЩʧˣ




1964ͱ˵
 

Ѷ¥
ѾˣƺЩ಻
ɣڴܺܰ
λӣ£
ףĿ֮дһ˿ɻ
һԵǽİЩ˵ĻһƹҵˣӦ֪һһǩĿƷʯɣ
С㣬ʲô˼һһ룬ƺѺûκεĹϵɣ
һ㶣û뵽ɾȻʱ˵Ļ
ƷʯǰǧƷʯȻǲܱȵġ
ƹģһ֮¾Ͳˣ
滹ƹģĳʲôĻʱԼǵˡ
ߣƹ£úˡ
ɿɫˣ֪Լвɹˡ
ʵҲ֪Ӧ˵ΪڵûκεĹ
߰ڱ˴ζʵǲܣ
ɫҪڲˣǴľԼˡ
ҪˣǵʱƹĹĻԼҲԳеġ
ƣ
ڵϵ֪֮ˣԭļᶨ֮ɫѾǱЩԥˡ
оԼϹҲסλӣ룡
ھǴһʱ䣬ٿӵõһ˿Ļ͡
ҪȻھϵĻһŭ֮»һЩõ
׺ݺףʱճ¾ˣ
ϾǵƲƹ飬ҵĴ󶩵ҲпܱŪûˡ
ʱܲĻԼҲԲ˶ߵģ
ԣղҪ̸̸Ծˣ
׸¥˹ȥֻɺݺ棡
ɿݺЦһݺȰ㻹ǹԹԵĸҹɣʡ￴ķ
ɣΪ˭ֲҿģƾʲô߰ҽ컹߸ˡ
ݺҲһǿˣ㲻ҪҲˬҲ㲻
ȻݺҲóѾ𽥵ռϷ磡
ôأ
ռϷռϷ磬ƹ»ԥ
ʱĽˣ֪˭أ
ڵݺ˵ǺѹԵģ
˵ӲҵҪӲʲôʱϽȥҰƲƹҺˣǾ˵ѱ۸ˣ
⡭С㡭
ԱҲЩ֪룬ΪղǾͿԿóСƹ²Ը
Ǽм仹ǲ̫˵ĸо
ôҵĻ˻ôΣѵˣǿ̫һʳıˣѲɻǿˣ
ŭգ˭ҪĻǹҩһģ
С㡭ԱΡΡĿɡ
ʧ꼰㰡
ɲͷĿˣֱ˦˼ʮƷʯڿ𣿡
лС㣬лС㡭
һ̵ľʧſڣʮƷʯҲһʲƵջ
ֻȥ˶ѣôԸأ
ɽ֮Уԭϵĵط
ֻҪ棬ðк֮ܶ͵ġ
ݺɵӣҲ¶һ˿мʯ
ɿݺ˵ϣһƹǻܹӲʲô
ߣƹˣѲǹĻдˣǲ֪ν
ݺҲεҡҡͷİԼ֮ŮˣΪ˶Ҫ
ƲµĹϵãԼ飡
ݺû˵ˣڶ۳Ϸ۳
ɿݺ¶һ˿ˣСøϻӦûԹԵĹѵģ
ɵžƲµĹϵȻˣѸһдĿĺ
ߴյһȻĵģ
˵ʵڿݺһ㣬Ǻ޲һͱźء
ҪĻԼĸô˵Ķأ
˿̵¥ϣ
׺֮Ըһ裡
ֻǿЩĹĵģ׵ҲЦ
׾ȻԼЦҲǳʵλӣƺǲʶɣ֪ҪҵԼ̸Ϊ£
׿ЦŵȻǻˡ




1965¼
 

ǻ£ǺǣԸ꣡
ףҲ¶һ˿Цݣ
˿̣ǰҲǲһ˿˿Ȥ
ʵ֮ǰδףȴ˵иܵһţ
ţ
˿ԼٵҪԼ̸ʱ򣬴ʼնûһ˿Ļң
һָоƺǰ˺ռһЩ
׿ƹ¼⡭
ԣ
Ҳǲãֱ˵
΢΢һЦƹ£ɸƹ񵽵ʲôϵ
ƺûκεĹϵɣһ㶣漴ʵ
ֻҪ֪֪Ϊҽ˵йϵЦŵƹ²شĻĳҲ֪ô˵ȥˣ
ֹӣȻҪ֪Ļ˵˵һ޷ǼƹĹ۰ɡ
ʼʵҲʲô˵顣
˵ˣֲ֪һ
׼ʵۣƺǸĵطѲɾΪƹҵҪãͲǶ𣿡
˵ʵʵҲ뿴ĽƹĻĲǶ
ʵʵ˵ʵûн͵ıҪ
ɫһⶼӵĻǻôأοҺǵڸһ㲻ط̫ɣ
ֹô֪ģ
ףüͷʵ
΢΢һЦΪҲǴӶ۳ˡ
ԭֹҲǶ۳ˣֲһֹһ֮аҪֹʧˣȸֹӵǸ
дһ˿˿Ǹ⣬˵ʵ鷢չزѾܹƵˡ
ɼȻ˵ĻǾͱʾѾĴ㣡
΢΢һЦδأ
ֹӻŰֻֻǸ£ûȨղҵҪǿ·ĻֹҲӦ֪ҺΪѰɣ
ףΪ׵ǿġ
Цŵƹ񲻻ôɣƹƺҲΪѺãѲɾΪƹһ·ңƹҪ飿
˵ĵطǺ飡΢΢һ̾
ҿƹ³Ϊƹأ
䲻ðһ仰һЩȦĸо
ֹӣ˵ʲô
ЩסˣԼΪƹһĺܴ󰡣
ಣ
׵ѾǶһöƣȻдһӲӵ֣
峤ôϣ
һƣŵһ£ֱӹ
ֻ֮еһĨɻ֮ɫʼǻ֮ȥĴ۾һֱǰס
΢΢һЦ峤ҵģ
峤ģֹ֡ӣĪǡֹӣ
ƺһһ֣ףǸ峤ηˡ
˿̵ѾǴԼĴָͳһŻ񣬶Żǰƺ߷ƣ
ǺǣƹµķӦͦ찡΢΢һЦ
࣡
ĭ̹μˣ
Ǻǣ񣡡
ҲЩˣû뵽ɽ磬˺Լˣ
ȻˣڼȻˣľνˡ
һģ΢΢һЦƹ£ɡ
лˣˣѾ峤𣿡Щʵ
ţѾˣôأϷ۳Ҫģ׿
ˣ߾ܣˣ
֪׵Ҫʲô飬׵ݾͰߣɲΡ
峤Ҫ𾴵ˣô֮أ
΢΢ͷ˵ҵһЩҪ˽һ£֪ûʲôϢ
˵޷֪޲޲
˿̶пļ֮鰡֮ǰ׺Լ̸̸ʱЩ֣
׽֮о˻ɣ
ߣɻҪΣ
һ뵽ղɾȻЦˣ
׵ͷʮǰƺ߰ɣ
ǵģˣʮǰ峤ͻȻ̫һʳǵѣΪľǵ귢һ飡
׵Ҳ֪Ϊʲô׻ͻȻᵽʮǰ飡
׳ʵǸйأϣƹܹϸĻ䣬Ļشң
ǣˣ
ͷôܲĻش׵أ
ֻҲЩɻ󣬵峤ͷǳĸȤû뵽ҵ˾ȻҲȤ
ѲʲôΪ֪鲻ɣ




1966Թ
 

¥
ѾǷ˱仯˿̶ҲΨΨŵŵĸо
ݵת䣬ľǽɫת䣡
״˿Ǳߣһֱǹ
Цŵ˵ɣվſ۵ġ
ˣЩ˵
Цŵ㻹ʲôİҪһһ˵ģֱӽֹӾˣ
ǣֹӣ
ֻ˿ȥЩŤȥЩСĸо
׿ʵҲ֪һʲô鷢ˣ
峤һֱҵȹע£ֻǰħŮ֮ûã̫ɽͱ˰꣬ϢѴ
̧ͷ˿ףʵ֪Ҳǳޡ
֪֪٣
׿Ҫ֪ľ˭̫ɽ浽׷ʲô飿
ûа취֤һЩ
ףЩνΪûȷ֤ݣҲûи㱨
ֻѾǵſڣǲ˵ʲôܸоô£
׵ͷʲô˵
νѨδ
Ҳ֪ҪϢһҲǺѿ֤ġ
׵ֹӣ˵Ǽǿ̫ɽ
ǿ
üͷʵνǿ˭
΢΢һ̾޴ӵ֪Ҳ²Ӧòɵۼɣ
Ϊʲôô²⣿׷ʵ
׵Ϊ̫һʳƺûʸ̫ɽҪ֪̫һʳϷ۳֮бȽǿĻʳ֮һǵ˶ûʸ룬²²ЩʵӦ̫һʳ֮ϡ
̫һʳ˶ûʸ룿
׵üͷĸԭҪͨҵ峤߮ѯʴ¡
ĻҲǿһ£
ķչĻ߮Ҳ֪̫ˡ
ǰ̫һʳϢǻ϶ǿԵõġǰ̫һʳҵ˶ûһϢΪҪǣ̫ɽİ̫꣬һʳĵ۾û뿪ʹ֮ڣ
ףڽԼ֪鶼˵˳
ЩǶûл㱨𣿡ʵ
峤ԸֹӦ˽ģû֤ݵĺҲ²峤ǲҪġ
ףҲĵĽ͵
׵ͷȷˣЩǲ²ѣṩЩ鵹ЩȻˣ
ֹӣһЩ
ףҲǵ˵
׵ͷʲôϢֻҪǹģ㶼ṩңαʱԼжϵģ
ǣֹӣڷ̫ɽʱ̫һʳĻҽӴһͣЩ˵Ϊأ޴ӵ֪˵
׵Ҳ֪޲޲
üʵݣжأô֪ģ
ֹӣղѾ˵ˣ̫һǱӦֻļͲθ֪̽Щ飬ֻܹ˵֪ķΪʲôأΪ̫һʳĵ۾˵Щ˵ǰûʸ£
˵꣬Ҳ¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫ
һֱУû֪Ҳ˵
ֻܹƾԼ˼άȥж˵϶ǲ򵥵ġ
΢΢ͷлƹΪҽ󣡡
ˣô˵ɷСˣΪӦ飡
վ
ʵõ峤ƣ͵峤
ολ˾峤һֱҪѰҵˡ
˼ҳˣλȻǱ֮峤ܶͰ
ԣ飬Ǿ峤飬һжӦõİ
׿΢΢һЦˣֻҪܾˣһ취̽ģ
ͷԼҪСһЩ
һˣȥɣλСӦҲȵĲͷˣ
ǣˣ
˿̵ҲΪţ׳ɲٺˡ
˳¥ȥɿü֮Ҳ͸һӵĲм֮ɫ
ɿôòΪ˻һε
Цһƹ£ڿ˹˰ɣ
С㣬ѣֲЦһ
ײñ¶ݣȫȨĽɾͲˡ
ɿŭһƹ£ҵĿ޵ģ
ȻûģҿҲԹˣ
ɵ˵ֻһ֣Χ֮˶Ŀɿڴ




1967˵
 

㡭˵ʲô
ɱ仰ŪĿɿڴɴ۾
·û˵ʲô
Ͷ䣬Ȼŭһ
ɵӣЦһСƺûҸղ˵ĻȻĻҾظһ飡
С˵һΣ
ɻǲаˣû뵽Ȼǵݺ˵Լ
ţ
Բ仰˵ģ
Ҫ֤һ£һ˵ĵǲģ
Ĩһ˿ζС㣬ˣʽԹˣѲӭ㣡
ˣ
ɸоһתԼûȻԼˡ
ʵϸղ̬ѣΪܶԼ˵Ļ
Ƿ֮ȷˣ
˵ˣҾǸԼô˵ģ
ŭ
һɵǸӵģû뵽ᷢչһز
ԭΪ׺ݺ·Ѿǰ϶ˡ
أ
һоϷԵķתһľͱˣ
㡭
һЩȦ֪ôӦͻǿˡ
ЦһɣΪ˭ѿɲҵأ˭ѲɻҪͬ⣿㻹ǰԼ°
Ҹһλᣡ
ҧгݵĿһ޲ֱɽһҿźã
֪Լܣ˵׻ѵˣ
Ҳ̫һʳһ壬ǿǶ۳İ˴֮һ
֮Ŀɲһȼôļ򵥣
ҪһΪʲôҸ㣬ֹѵĹͣĿԹˣ
ǿҲǽŵĻϵģڸоԼзǳˬ
֮ǰΪɵвһЩ²̨
ڲһˣˣ˵ĳһССʲôأ
ݺһԹһЦһΪСжţأǱ˸ȥ
ݺǸҵţǲú
ܻûκεİ취
ߣߣ
ڴһʮεľأϣѵƹƲܹϽĻ
ֻҪƲ»ˣҪôţ
ɣвˣǴҵ˼
м˵ɾͿһѣʮֵĲм
бµĻֱȥ۸˵ˣ
αҪأѲˣЦ
ɿ֮ǰһֱǿƲƹϲһʶû뵽㡭
˼ƹˣǸ·Ҫģ
Цһڿɲٰɵвˡ
ݺһҲǽҲǰǻ˵Щ˰˼ߣǲ֪߳ܶôд
ݺҵš
ŭգϾѵĵֻ̣ܶզΣ
ȻǲĶֵģʱ䣬ҪȵƲ¹
ɿֻҪƲ¹ˣʱһоͻ˸Եı仯ˡ
ֻҲ룬ΪʲôͻȻ̬֮ȻôǿӲأ
һֻǿţҪƲǲҲôĲ
ԭһС£
·ѣ
ѿ⣬в˵ĵ
ΪɣѾ˷˰ʱĹˡ
ȻҪҪԾ͵ȵ˵ˣ
ݺ΢΢һЦС㣬Ҫʲô·ֻҪϵģߣ
ߣøʯݺҲǰ뿪Ц˵
Ȼˣ鱾ѴĲãֻҪС㿴ϵ·ߣ
һ˵⵹һԵݺסˡ
ֺ£
Ļζըˣ
˱˰ŵǣƲߵĻôҲֲˣ
ھָƲ»Լأ
澡ʧҲ߲ߣ
ݺȻ̬ȣ޲ȥҧһڡ
ΪƺǹԼġ
ߣҾͲһĹѲ𣿡
ʱſ߽һ糾͵Ůӣһ˫񣬿ȥΪǿޱȣ




1968ǿƲ
 

Ѷ¥
˵ĿⶼǶϻŮˣǱˣ̫һʳܲĸƲ£
Ʋ֮ǰ̸һҵʵѾ̸ˡ
һȥʵΪƷʯģһпȥǱȽϵ˳ġ
ոմҳʱȴԼԱҵſ˵ʲô
Ǳ߳۶ӣ˵͸ϻˣ
ֻǵոս֮󣬾Ǿ仰˵ݺֻҪϵĶߣ
һʱ䣬ƲҲǷŭѣ
ԼͲʱĹ򣬾ͳ飡
ǹţİԼĹ۲˵ҪԼĵ͸ˣ
¡
ɿƲµĵˣ
һ̣еıͷŵĿռ䣡
Ʋ¿˿ɣ¶һ˿Цʵɣһ׼ȥأôⰡ
ҡҽԭµģҪ·ֻû뵽ҵݺˣ
ɿƲ£ҲһƵ˵
ݺǵھǸƲɻʵǱϳôᡭ
ƹǲ·ЩƺӦòĵɣ
ݺҲЩŭˣŮ˻ǰ԰
ԼԼƺûκεĹϵɣ
ʲôʱܵôˣ
Ʋ¿һݺƺҲûи˵ɣ
㡭
ݺһЩᣬ˿Ʋ£ڻǳĬ
ɿƲµ£ģֻߣȻ˵˲·Ůˣǡ
һѱһĿʼ飬֮·һܾί֮ˣ
Ʋ֮һǸʲôΪҵѣҪҶŸɣ
ƹģҿûôѿ⣬˵ͲˣҲûɣ
Ʋ£ҲǳӦԵ
ߣǲΣҿǸҶŸɰƲ
΢΢һЦƹģ⻰˵ĺûе˰ɣ˼Ҫ·ǲѲɸйڵǶԺҪ̫һʳ˸ҶȥǲҪˣ
ˣƲŭһﻹֲ˸ҺȥҾͲôΣ
ƲҲǱˣ
ʵΪľԼԣȻǳĲˬ
ټԭһǿƵˣڵԼ۵汻ӣʲôɫģ
Ե
һ̵Ʋ¿ȥȷǰԵޱȣ
׿ƲЦһƹҪߣ
˵㣬Һôˣ⣡
Ʋ˵ˣԵĿʵף
Цһƹģô˵Ͳ´ͷ𣿡
װβǣҸ㣬·Ͳˡɣίˣǵ¥˵ɡ
Ʋһ߰οдɣһ߳
ɵĿһݺһбжôĿˡ
Ȼ
Ʋ»Ŀ찡
ɣŶ˷
ɵĵڻûסݺǴ̼
ݺ˵ѻǷȷ黹찡ִߣ˭ϡЩ·
·Ҳ㣿б
ɿݺһ
һԵƲƺоЩô£ϽɣĥƤˣһ˵أ
£Ҹ˵ҪǿһƷʯҵҲһ͡
ɿƲҲдһ˿ŭ
Ʋ¹һֵ˺ˣɣˣһ·ô
ǲҰղĳЩ˻Բѵ˵ĳأڴţǲҪʯ
йߣһ˭˭Ĺһ㣡
Ʋ£л˵
ɵӣһ̲סˡ
⣬ֵõŰ裿
ƲΪԼ߻ʵԶûܹܵԼˣ
˿ƲƽʱôŰģ
Ʋ¿ʲô˵
ȻܣǸ߶Ȼܣ㲻Ҳǿ󣡡Ʋ˵
ƲЩɻƺЩ
ӣƲ¶һԵɵɣԵһᣬȥȥ
ݸһЦõģ£ҵȵ𣬾Щ˵Ȳ𰡣
ƲºʧѵĶ¥




1969±
 

¥
ƲµɫÿȻԼԼĹۣ
һʾ
Ϊ̫һʳѵƹȻҪעԼȨˡ
ԼĶȻȻĶƣǴԼ
ҪʲôܸԼ˵
ѲԼԼҪȵָԼɣ
˵һЩҲȥ峤Ǳ˵˵
Ʋ¿Ĩһ˿â
ƲЦһƲ£ԼƹģܹΪΪɣѲΪ㣿
ǺǣǺðȻ㻹̬ȣɾͲҪˣ
Ʋֿһ˿ЦݣֻЦ̺֮ž޴⡣
ܹ֪Ʋµ˼
˵Ʋ£֪Ѿ´ˣ㻹߇Nɪо
ʲô˼
Ʋ¿ǷЦҲǿһ£
Լ´ˣʲôԼô֪
ƲµԺвϵĻŸղŵ飬ôûоԼʲô׵İ
һŵӣҲЩû˵ˣ
Ψһ벻ľԼ˵ʲôˣ
ĪЩ˵ͷҲС
ݺҵ𣿾Լһ£ҵܹԼôأ
ŻԼ
ƲĿҸΪǱŻ·ϣһεһʱܲģ
⣬ʱܲʱǧҪ˸峤һ˵˵ˣ
мĿһƲ£ʱŸ״
ԣֱӰף
ˣġĸˣ
ƲµĨһ˿֮ɫһᵽ⼸ֵʱȻ뵽һ֣
ף峤һֱҪѰҵ峤е
ղǸ棬ƺվһӣǸӸϵǸ˻Щģ
˵ĸˣƲҸ㣬ѾˣҾͿһСղ˹ȥһˡлС
˵һЩƲѾЩ֧Ųסˡ
ɫɷ׵ĿСʲô
ߣ˵Ͽ峤ƣӦ֪峤Ƶζʲôɣ
ŭһ˶ȻƲһЩʧǣ
ƲЩΨΨŵŵ˵ζ峤
㻹ûкͿϧǣѾˣ
¶һ˿мЦ⣬Ʋһֱǿޱȡ
ô꣬û뵽ȴ飬оԼеһڶǳ˳
桭ˣ
Ʋ´˿ЩסĲ˵ĻǿǱ峤ƺҪҪһЩﰡ
ȣԼһССƹģʲôأ
ߣ˵˼٣Ϊʲô˿峤ôοû˵Ļ񣿡
ŻŽƲ£Ҳŭһʵ
Ʋһƨ棬дһĨն֮ɫв֪ϸ˵ʲô
Ȼ䣡
Ʋ·һĳ˳ȥ׼Ŷ¥ķȥ
ƺ֪ƲҪô˿ѾſڵƲ£ʲô
ҡҪȥ˵ǸҡҴˡ
Ʋ´˿ϰµģ֪Լǵò˵ԭˡ
ɼҲҪȥ취һ²
ƲȰ㻹ʰһԼȻȥ˲Ҫ¶ݣԱߵС㣬ҲҪ¶ݡı¶˵ݣ¡
Ļûм˵ȥ
˼ѾǷǳˣƲı¶ݣʱľ͵òԭˡ
ڵƺƲµڵʱôãҪ˵˼ˡ
Ʋ³ƵĴŴͳȥôһصĹû뵽ᷢô飡
ɣ
˿ƲµЩҧгݵźôôأ
Ƭ֮
Ʋ´¥ˣƺûκεı飡
ƲȻ˵ˣ˲Ҫ¶ԼݣôԼֻܹºˡ
ɣԼ˸ǰ˵ļһѾٸʲôνĹˣ
ɿƲ˳ҲЦеǰȥ
˿ȴƲ¸ڶأݺȥƺôһĸо




1970¼
 

Ѷ¥
ԭί֮ɫѾʧ
Ʋ¸ȥ¥ôһĹѾǶݺ˺þˣ
ֻ׵ڶ¥ϣƺǿЦһ㣡
񿴵ƲºˣȻǸӵĿˡ
ˣ־
֮ǰӣ·ʧ
£ƹ黹ǲװôϽ˹ɣ
ɵһһŭݺЦ
ɡ
Ʋ¿˿ɣɫ쳣ѿ˵
£㡭ôˣ
üͷһû뵽Ʋ¾ȻֱȻЩסˡ
Ʋ³ղƹ˵Եɣû뵽㾹Ȼָֻŵģʲôʸ񣿡
ǣ£ô˰ɰ
ɿƲǳԴҩһӣ׵±ˡ
˭ܹôһ°
ԭѾ׼ñϳȥݺ˿Ҳסˡ
ҲһͷˮĿǰƲ£һǰһķӦҲ̫һɣ
ݺһֱԱߵĻΪղŽȥƲºͳƲͬһˣ
Ծ
ҵȻ֪ˣ֮ǰһֱ㵱ѣû뵽ΪԼһ֮˽ȻѵΪ˭ϸҹȥԺҪڿ㣡
Ʋ仰˵ĵǳ׵ĸɾˣ
ʵϣƲҲǱڻϿˣҲûκεİ취
ôǰˣǿ峤Ҫҵ˰
Ȼ֪Ϊʲô峤ôƺΪˣ֮ǰ峤̸˵ľֹ֮Уܹеĸܵ峤Ƿأ
˿̣ƲһҲλδı˸ǰΰ
˲Ҫ¶ԼݵĻƲ¿¶Ҫлˣ
ͳղŶ׵̬ⷬȣֻҪ峤ĻƼˡ
ƲµĶ棬ɳ׵ɵˣ
ղԼȥʱлӵһ˿ϣġ
ϾֻѵĶѣû뵽͸ոսȥôһĹ򶼱ˣ
Ʋ£㵽ʲô˼
ɵɫˣһεĻǵڶαˣ˰
ľ̿˭Ʋ²Ըأ
ԼĹۣԼΪε˾ȻҲԼˣ
ܲŭ
Ʋ¿ɵɣ˻˰Ѳӭ㣬仰𣿡
úúãƲ°Ʋ£ʹ㷭ǰɣҸ㣬Ժҵҵ񡭡
ɿƲ£˿ƺܹвƲ»ѵģҲҵǵҵˡ
ƲһЦԺҵκҵѶӵģ
û뵽Ʋ龹Ȼ˵ľȻȥ
ݺӣŭ𳹵׵ıȼˣ
ûκεİ취Ѿһе𶼹ﵽݺϣ
ȥӣݺЩƵĿƹ£⡭ô°
ݺЦŵС㣬ʵƹһʼ˽Ȱ֮ƹ֪ǰ
ǰС㣬ǶԲˣԺ̫һʳѵѹ˿ֻͣҪϵ·
ƲҲ׵ƨˣô˼а
ݺɴ۾Ʋº⡭᲻̫˰ǸղܹɸߣѾܸмˣʲôѣҡҿɲҪ
С㣬ſţԺǵֻҪʾſͿԲøʯˡ
ƲֱӽݺϣݺһȦӣҲ¶һ˿Цݣ
ֻƲһο׵ʱ֮ҲǴһ˿İ֮ɫ
ݺ׵ִ磬ҪȻ߰ɣҡôоԾأ
˼Ҹѣ㻹Ծ˰ȻʾԼĳ⣬ҲŲ𣿡
׿ݺЩɵӣҲ˾ϣ
ʵ˵Ʋã̬ٿ˵һ⣬Ǿײ̫ôġ
ڵʱ򵽵ôãһлõһλ֮˵ˣ
ƲһС㣬˵ĶԣǲҪʲôĲ𣿡
ݺҵİʱǿɱҰ
һЦŵɽ翪ô꣬ôأ
˵Ҳǣ
ݺЩ˵ƺڰοԼֻеɻӵһЩ
׺ݺδڴ˶Ϊ鵢һʱ
׺ݺеʱѾǿ쵽ʱˡ




1971VS
 

У
̫һʳ֮һУΪϷ۳УϷ۳أ
Գĵλڶ۳ĵλһ޶
κһ۳ǲܾ룬ȴҲķչ
νĵطˣ
ΪϷ۳УȻӵ޿ƥеˡ
һ˵һֱͥУõĲУ
ƺҲ⣬Ķֻ࣬׺ݺߣȴûпӰ
ִ磬Ǹɺڵļһﲻ˵ߵСˬԼɣ
ݺףҲЩƵ˵
˵ʵǸɺڵļһݺʵҲû̫ĺøС
Ǽһʵ̫ˣ
ֻԵĶһȿӺԼ趫ҲǿԽܵġ
˵˽ߵִģû뵽һȻڣ
΢΢һЦ¥أ߰ɣ
ִ磬ô֪ģҡҺ֪
ݺɨһȦûзǸһټȴ˵¥ء
ɺƺȥЩ찡
ݸһЦһɻʾڵǿߣһҪ֪֪ĳ
ĳ¥˹ȥе¥Ȼд
Ǹʲôģ
׺ݺߵ¥ȵʱѾǼǿĿסף
Թ۲һλɻʾкڵǿ߻ң
ӣôԴ˵ģ
׿Щɻʾǿߣֻǵ˵˿ûκεĻš
֮֮
Ȼ˳УǾѾǿǵ
еģֻ̽һ󵽵ʲôݣ
񿴵һΧ˶ǿ߻˵һݾԲͣ
ڸߵʲô̶ȣҲûе
ΣңǿֹӡС㣬롭
ʱ洫һȥһ˿޵Ц⡣
δ䣬Ѿǿˣ
һ֮УдЦĿ׺ݺΧ֮˵ȫ£
ǣ
ЩƺڳĻĪҲӣ˿׶Ҳһµжϣ
ϵĻһϷ۳ҵϵǲϷ۳̫ģͲ֪ˡ
ܿ죬ЩӰѾʧ
׿ų΢΢һЦּ֣ˣ
ҿЩڲͬȺȱ衭
ףҲֿһ˿˿Ц
׺ݺһԣݺųЩ˵ʵôͣôΪеϯʦأ
ĻʵЩΰ
¶һ˿Цݣ˿жôΣ
΢΢һЦֺΣҲµĲĻӦʵ˰ɣ
Ŷ㶼֪һЦ
ʵݺƺû뵽Ŀܣô˵ҲǴסˡ
΢΢һЦǳˣ
ҶԽԽˣ㶼µʲôɷ˵˵
ףõʵôǿأ
׿ĻҲǶһˣľɽ֮пºеˣ
ֻԼ֪֪
һߣ׷룬ȫΪһﾹȻԼҪţһЩ
ԼʵҲ࿴Ǳɽİȴܹóģ
ԣҲǲһЩȤ׹ʵҲҪܲΪã
԰ִ磬㶼˵ȦˣϽ˵˵£
ݺҲǶԳЩˣ˵ʵѲһֲɣ
ݺԳƺһĸûУڵȴ׸ء
׿˿Цŵ֣ҲµĶΣأ
Ĳ¶˵ĻǾˡ΢΢һЦ
ǲ²أ׿ųʵ
ʼǲµĲԵĻֻܺź˵ǻΪҵѣ
ʲô˼ѹڽģǻԸ㽻أݺЩŭɶ˵
׿ųҲ΢΢ͷҵͬݺĻǳΪѵı׼ĻˡҲˣǣ
ߣߵ𣿡Цһ
˵ͷ
׿ųӣ˵Ȼ˵ҧгݣȴû˿ɱҿΪ⻹ڿô
֣ڶԽԽȤ˰
ףһ֮ȻЦ
׿ųȻ¶һ˿ЦҲµòĻֵʵӦѾɻʾ˰ɣ




1972ʧ
 

𾪣
ݺϸֳ֮ɫ
ɻʾڣ
ǺεȿֲĴڣԼүүôʱ䣬ҲŸո̤ɻʾڣ
ǰλȥᣬô˵ʵأ
ɻʾڣɽѾǽ˵˰
ɵۼǿ֮⣬Ǳɻʾڶ˰
ݺԱ
һԵĳɫɫһ䣬ֱĿףƺҪһﵽô֪Լʵģ
һ˲䣬ռ֮ڵƺ˱㣡
֣²Щ췽ҹ̷˰ɣ
δϣǿЦһ
׵˵ֺαزҴأңôɻʾڵĸûһֵܹʵѾܹ˵һˡ
ҵʵǽɺڣֲεĲ²ƺЩǿɣ
ʸڷϣֻѾһƬ֮ɫ
ȻֲԸϣǿѾû̸ȥıҪˣղ˵һѹڽġ
׵˵ʵϼǳΣ
ܹһѣȻǺ£
ѣ˵Ҳν飡
ʵûҪ˭ȥԼ鷳ֻ˳ҲҪ˾ʲôݶѣ
ųʸڷϣҲû̸ȥıҪˡ
ǸúԼҪճһ㣿׿ɲôģ
׺ݺſ˹ȥ˴ſڵһ˲䣬ǿڵֵԸǹֱô֪ɻʾڵأƾĲ²⣿
ô˵ǳˣ׷ʵ
ʼ³ˣʲô˼أֻʮֵĺѣ
׵һɺ֮ˣҲţûʵ֧ţҲȻǰƵΪ
ǣ㵹ǹ۲ϸ㻹ܲ³ʲô
ȤƺӵŨһЩףҲǴһ˿ζ˵
Ϸ۳ֱУûɣʵ
΢΢ͷȻûУǹ飡
һȻ˵ĻҹųӦϷ۳ҵĳԱɣ
Ŷֲ²ƾ޾ݰɣǻ֮ˣûҵһʳְһοҪ´ˣ
һЦֻ֮ȴһεĨһ˿֮ɫ
Сƺ֪Լĵϸһ㣬һĸǰ·ǻʵ۵װһ㣬ûκεܿԣ
ٵ˵һ˵Ļ϶ǶԵģ
Цŵ֣ղôǿѾˣ
ֵĶϸĺܰҵȷϷ۳Ļң
˿Ҳֱ˵ĳˣôȥҲûκε˼ˣ
˼Ѿ³ˣڲϣԵûз
׼ֵݣϷ۳Ļ֮ӦòͣҲµòĻһλүпδϷ۳ĵ۾
δϷ۳ĵ۾
Ҳ˵˿̾Ϸ۳̫ˣ
׵޶˵Ĳ²⣬óһЩëȻ
׵֮УҲӿֳһ˿˿ɱ
׿ų΢΢һЦҲ¶ˡ
ôţ
ףһƬ˵
ʼǺţǸղ˵֮ѾǿԸֵܵɱҵжѾõ˳ֵϿɣӦǲҪҵĿڰɣ
ֵĻ޻˵ƺ˵Ķԣ
Ҳûһε˵Լݣֻ˵ײ²ĶԣȻѾǺ֮ˡ
Ϸ۳۾Ķӣڵǲ̫ӵ£˼Ҳ˵Ҳ֪ˣ
֣ҪɱڵĻҵҲֻƴһˡ
׿ųҲ¶һ˿Ц
ĶֵĻӳĿԲ
ֻ׿ȴҲûлᣬӵ֮
΢΢һ̾˵ʵղĲ²Ҷɱģȴϲѡֻǲ֪Ƿֵأ
ֻཻ֣ĳȻóʧǳҪҵĻǿҪóʧˡ
׵˵ʵҲ֪ʱ˵ⷬĿģ
Ŀ׵֪ҵݣȴҪ뷽跨ĽӽңΪ棬Ϊʲôأ
ЦЦ棿֣¸ˣ˵ʵҲҪĶ
ΪһĵȻ˵Ļ߰ɣ
Ȼ俪ڵЩǰһﵽǸʲôģ
׿ų󹰹ֵڣ
ϣˣ
󵭵˵ЩƮȴû˵ʲô
׺ݺȥüͷҲĸˡ
ʱ򣬳󻺻ĳһӰ




1973²ĵ
 

ж㣡
δתֳһĨӰʵƺҲǷǳǿᣡ
ʵϣ׸ղžѾ֪ĺ棬һˣ
˵ʵƺѾǴﵽɵۼ
Ȼɵ۳ڣʵȴѾһ亹
ɵ۳ڣ
ȼηֿݵѣ׻Ĳ֪ôһˣ
̫ӵ£Ļôأ
һλ߻ĸǰ
¶һ˿ζЦݵе˼ͳ첻𣿡
ͳ΢΢һ̾ȷЩ˼֪˽ӽ̫ӵµΪɹļϸֵأ
ҿ񣬴ᣬʵȻһ㣬ȴǹáϷ۳֮ѾȻˣҵߵȱôһλ
΢΢һ̾ƺҲǴһ˿˿ĳݣ
̫ӵ£ҵĵϸҪգƺЩϷ˰ɣ
ͳ쿴ųüͷҲǽ
̫ӵʱ˼أһˣȻҪ
һָоҸԵԶûнأ
΢΢һЦʵ׵ĸоҲЩƮ죬о׿Ʋˡ
ԽԽЩͣ
ղ׵һĳȣֻ֪׵һв²ǽǿľĻϵġ
Ȼˣ㲻ʵҲԲ²һų
ͳ̫ӵ£Ҫ֤֮λɵۼǿߵ֧֮⣬û̫·ߣ
ǰһ̫һʳԭҲҪȡ̫һʳ۾ֻ֧֡ǡ
΢΢һ̾ƺ鲢Ǻֹۡ
λӦҲ֪̫ӵµĿģһǵг̿»ܼѣͳ
˳Ȼɣ³оӣһε˵вٵĺö
΢΢һЦʵһγȡ̫һʳ֧֮⣬ҲҪɢɢģ
ͳ̫ӵ£Ҫأ̫һʳ˼ʵǿĿǰ֪·
Ŷ³еһƺƴһЩҲˡֻͳ춼⵹Щ˼ˣ
ƺδϣ˿ͳЦŵ
ͳҪ˵ĿѾųеĲԶ̫ӵ£ǸСһƺһЩ鷳
ŶףǺǣְɣ
˶Ĵ·˹ȥ
˿׺ݺѾǱһȺ˸Χסˣͳͳ춼ȤĿ
е·
׺ݺһȺ˸ΧסˣΪ֮˺Ȼҵɣ
վԱߵһλɻʾڵĸ֣ʣµЩˣһ𾳼ǿߣ
֮ǰѳȥ֮ԽԽ
ټݺǳĲϲǺ۷Ұȱȥˡ
˿̣վԱߵģҵ֧ĸ֮һţ
ҵҵĻӳҵİΣ
ɸսҰȱʱ򣬾ţΪֺλҵϵĴС㣬Ȼ岻ݴǵĳˡ
֮ǰصصѯһǰ˵ʲôʵ
ڵ֪һڣһ֮߰˸ҵĻ͹ˡ
ӳǡ
ɿ׺ݺ֮Ѿȼŭ
ݺһɣɣ㲻Ҫ̫ˣҵΪǺ۸Ĳɣ
ߣһŵˣҲƤ죿ҽ쵹Ҫɱ֮ǲҪұ𣡡
ɴ˿ѾʧȥǣһɵĻҲһ
նɱҵĵϵҪҵĸ߲ĻԼʱǳԲ˶˰
ſ̵С㣬ǽѵһ¾ˣǳʲôĻʱ峤˹
ţų򡢵Сκεһ˵š
ɿ׺ݺӣ޲ʳѪ
ɱأͲҵ˻Ҫҿս
Ҳ壬õľǿ󣬵ʱҲֻܹ̿
ˣԼʱȥҵǸ
οɸոջȥ˽⵽һЩҵĶ趫ѾͶң
ңʵѾˣҵʵǸһˡ
һɳ׵޼ɵˣ
εĿɵС㣬ҡȻǲǺ£ֻҪСһ£ұɱ˶ˣΪСһڶ
VSң
һʱ䣬Χ֮ѾǶ˭ϲأ




1974һֻ۱һֻ
 

еſڣ
ƺЩƣҵΧ׺ݺһԺܶѾָָˡ
ⲻҵݺ𣿾˵굱ңϳҰ
ǰֲС˵ı壬ƺܾľĸɣ
˼ۺ찡һ¿кϷ˰
¾ҵնɱ˵ĻҵҲҳŸƨɣ
˭˵أݺͻСҵ鰡
һ˽ǿ׺ݺ΢΢ҡͷ
ҵΪǾȻѡĬϣ
Ҫ֪̫һʳǰһ£ǿǽֵֹġ
ҵĵλ⣬¾ǶˣЩǷҵĴС㣬Ҳ˵ʲôġ
ɽĹأΪ֮ͨƶģ
һЩǿżðڱ˵Ҳһʸ֡
ڣܶ˲ôʲôͻأ֮
ţȻ˵Ļھ͸ɱһ
ѾǼˣھҪں飬ʱȻǻ취ġ
֮дһ˿ԥƬ֮ƺ¶˾ģ
ô˶ˣǴС
˵ײҵ֧ҵĻӳΪҵĵϵǽҲְڰ
ݺЦһɣɱڣ
ҺڣĽգһȥķͷϼݵģ
Цһڣκεĺڣ
ͳŸղԼѵ裬ɱݺʮΰ˴Σúڣ
ڣҪ̫һʳ˵棬ݺ֮أ
ΪֻܹĽԼеһ
գ
һ̫һʳǵĳǷ˿̻˹̫һʳΪĵط
ǷڸȻפģ
طΧôˣô᲻֪أ
Ϊ֮κҹ̫һʳǳǷһͷ죬ǸżʮųǷ֮ˣ
ɢ
κҹһף֮ϣֳպϣ
ǷͨУǾϵĴڣǴ̫һʳȻҲޱȣ
ЩУǷֻ˵һڣȴûκεľη֮ģ
κ
һǷʱܵüͷ
һݺ˵ĻԺͻӵķûκεĻˣ
С㣿û뵽߰
κҹֱһȻɵķ򹰹ֵ
κΪֹҵİɣɿκҹ˵
κҹһ㶣漴¶ɫС㣬ӦҲ֪ɣЩġ
ϣκ͵ûп飬Σ
˵꣬ɵѾǶһƷȻƷֵǮ
ɶһǷ˵һʲƵľ޿
ƷٲֵǮĻҲֵƷʯɣ
С㻹ǵһҷǱߵƷɽ
κҹҪӣʤ
Χ˶ǱӵĿһҲŶСǱߣ
һô˵ǾͲöˡ
΢΢ͷǰκƷȷߵģˣҲԭˡ
СʲôԸ
κҹ΢΢һЦ˿ѾȫȻû˸ղΪѵˡ
ɿκҹζǱ߶һЩʱûͻȥ֪κܹҡ
û⣬ûⰡΪСµٹⰡȥ
κҹֱӷ׼뿪
ڸɱݺڵطˣһͿˡ
ֻΧҲʵκҹܹôȻ񣬻ǲ
ţ
׿κҹҪߣҲЦһ
ʲô
κҹ˿һĿʵ
κЩͼҪնɱҵȣΪǷĽѲɡ
ɱǣǺǣôûп
κҹ׵˵ƺǵûκεĹϵ
κǲˣʱҵʲôĻɱûκ
׿κҹ͸һɲм֮ɫ
κҹһЦСӣС㣬ȻһľûУ㱯ߣ
˵꣬һޣκҹһȺѾǳ׵ʧȺ֮У
Ľף
ͷǵǰݺζըˣ˻ǹ޳ܵİ
ſųǷ˾ôˣҲಽĳ׵ķ˹޾ɱôҲزסˣ




1975²
 

ж㣡
ͳͳ˿·ƺûκҪְæ˼
̫ӵ£㿴صƺЩΣ˰
ͳ¶һ˿Цݣ˵ʵЩ׵ġ
һڵļһȻܹ̫ӵµķۣ⻹û뵽
ֻ̫ӵ¶һƺЩжӣҲЩΣ
ͳҲ¶һ˿ѰζЦ⡣
ųͳͳ죬ֺαظأǲģ
̫ӵһӱ㿴ϳ˼ʵϳհ
ͳһƨȥȻɵۼǿߣĵλʵǲͬն
΢΢ҡͷͳ˼ףôѶԸ˵ĻƺҲҵĻŰɣ
һȻ³̫ӵµݣȴ뿪ˣֻֿԣһ־Ƿųߵ㣬һ־ǡ
ͳ˵һ£ƺ޴˼
ͳεһЦȻһ־һǣױһƺ̫ӵ¶̫á
ǽţΣιСʣһζʵǿͿˡ佫ȴҲҪĳ
ˣɴᣬͳ̵
󵭵˵Բ飡
ͳ̾һˣҿҲûҪˣ̫ӵ£ܹһأ
ͳʵųͳ΢΢һЦ
̫ӵʾ¡ͳֵ
̾һʵҶһܹɹѹûκεģҪһղţӵ׻ܼܲȥ
ô˵̫ӵҲһˣ
ͳ쿴ųҲ¶һ˿ЦݵһԼƺ̫ӵЩˡ
ʼɲ֪Ϊʲôܾܻ
ϳҲ֧̫ӵɴˣͳȥƺܿҪˣʱҪˡ
е·
ݺףЩǵ˵ִ磬һӦ𣿡
˺ǣ
׿һݺҲֿһ˿Ц
ʵʱǸʲôΪУ֮һٶ
ɾͲڿˣ
ɵЩŤŭһţ㻹ʲôɱһ
źݺݵĵͷɵĲϴ̼£ǰһ
˵ɣԼˣҪʶ֣
ŵ֮Уһ˿ݿܵζ
ǰˣһڣһڣ
˵ʵһϣ·ַ֮䣬ͿʧԼĸǰ
ŲҪնɱݺȶֵĻʱ˵һЩ
ݺ׵󣬲ȴûжٵĵ֮ɫ
׿˿ų컯գǬĶ֣ɾͲҪҲˣҵȲǷͻ
֪ˣղأ㣬ˣ
ɿƺЩ˵ģЦˣЦЩĸо
˵ǣҵҪôСӣȰ㻹ǹԹԵˣʱ򱾻ʻԸȫʬ
ȻҪֺ֣αôķϻأ
ڸ˷ϻǷҪĻǿɾ͹ֲˡ
ȻѾǵˣԾ͵ĳһЩ
Լʱ·ˣ˶۳ԼĴ׻ʳҲɣ
ɻʾڵǿߣҲǾòսʤ
ֻҪľһʱѣ
ֿݶѾǵҪͻƵıԵʵڲеĻҲԵֵסɻʾڵǿһӣʱˡ
ӣȻ׵ķ
ٺ٣Ȼ㲻ʶʱǾȥɣ
ŵһѾʧ˵ĸǰ
һ£
ΧΧ֮˶ȴϾǿ֮Ľ棬˼޹Ǿϵùˣ
ҵˣΧ֮Умܹǵأ
֮У
һ룬ԭʧѾǳ˵ͷ֮ϡ
ԶԶĿȥ·һһ㣡
ܿ죬Ѿı˿֮ʣȴŹѾǻûĽ
ԭĹ㣬ı˹
ӳ£з·һ佣֮ͣر仯״
ɻʾǿߵĹȻǷǱѰ
һһжӲסɣҵ֧ҲޱȰ
Ҫ̫һʳһżҶ˵㰡
Ҳǵ㱳˭ãҪλĴСأ




1976Ŀɿڴ̫ӵ
 

е⣡
һ̾Ϣ֮ܶ˶ǿš
Ȼˣ˵ǿʵǰ˵һɻʾǿߺһ֮ˣֲԵȵսʤǰ϶
䣡
˵һ֮ĽѾ׵Χն䣡
һɢ䣬ֱΧЩɺʯ̳ɵĵ·һӱķѿ
Ҫ֪ʯɽ֮ڱȽϼӲһʯͷ
һɹ֮·ʯͷúʯû뵽ŵȺ˵Ĺֱӽʯͷ飡
˻
Ҳǵһ˿ڿ棬ȴָû׵Ӱӣ
ףأ
Χ֮һĲ죬ղһߵģת˲֮侹Ȼûˣ
ɸҪֽкã׼һεĽĿݺϵʱȴԭݺǼһﾹȻʧˣ
ɿŵأᱻӳ˰ɣ
С㣬йŹ֣
ſɣԭ԰һЩʧȡ֮һأ
ʲôŹ֣ţɻʾǿߣ˵һڵļһ㶼Ʒˣ
ɵûţоԼֶˣ
Լһȱ˸߳һǿ߳ûб˳ĻǶ˶µľˣ
С㣬ģһС
ŵʶϵţʵ̫ңһӾȻ޷׵ںδ
ʵϣҲܹʶҪѰףǲܵ飡
Ȼˣˮأ
ݣ
ԥ֮ʣͷϿգһ᳤Ľһ䣡
ٶ֮죬һĿ࣡
ţСģ
ɿһĿɿڴĳܿʱȴǽѾǱƽţ
ŵͷƤһķ飬ƺоΣ٣
ʱѾˣ
׳֣ԲܸκεĻģ
˵Žɻʾã绹ʮֵȹ̣
ˣ
ǵģһ޵ĽɫϣĽŸ
֮
ֱɱУ֮ûʶ
⡭ⲻܡ
ſͷ֮һĨ˵ͳϴ
һ̣ΪʲôһڵļһȻӵǿս
䣡
ΧΧ֮˵棬׵һֱӴͷţֱӶţ
ԭһλɻʾڵǿߣ˵ǰһڵļһնɱˣ
Ŀɿڴ
һʱ䣬ſΧ۵˶Ǿˣ
һƺѾǲǵⷶΧ֮ˣ
⡭ļٵİǡǼһѲʵˣ
̫񰡣Ҹоڣƺûκεʵ
ǰ͸ղɫҲеĳɫôʵأ
ܣԲܣһﵽ˭ԽսҲܳԽһɣ
£һƬ֮ܿ
˶ĿɿڴĿף˿̵ɱһһվ˵ĸǰ
ԭֺɣ˿ɫһƬң
־壡
һ̣ƺ̫̫㡣
ǰһ뻹۸ı˲һͶ·һ룬ԼƺѾͶ·ˡ
Щʱ·ô棡
еĶ֮ϣ
ͳͳԭǱ߿źϷ˶ûгֵĴ㣡
ʵϣ״ͷβûκεĻңһֱΪһ϶ʲôصİ֣
ʵû뵽һԼȻһ֮նɱţ
Ŀɿڴ
˿̵ĳƺûлعֱնɱţдԸӵġ
˺ܶĿԣΨû뵽һﾹȻԶնɱš
̫ӵ£⡭һﾹȻ
ͳҲסˣΪһλɵۼǿߣǼԽսĸֵġ
ŵģҲ𾳳սڣܣ
ǲܣ
λԽսĸ֣Լǰλ̫ӵ£
׵ļһսɻʾڣնɱˣ
а
һʱ䣬Ѿóͳ쾪㵵Щ˵ˡ
Ҳ΢΢һ̾ͳ죬ţΪãһս
ͳʿˮˣ̫ӵºշ
ǲܺҲѲ𣿡
󲢷Ҫնɱ׵Ĵ㣬˻ǸҲ˵أ
ͳͷ̫ӵӦô̽һ´˵ĵϸˡ
֮ڻʱ֮
˴Ѿǳ׵ȤձᣬҲҪף
ͳͷϳȥ˶
ˣҲµòĻһӦҲȥģ
һ쿴һҲһһָоһԲʢġ
ֻǳͳͳĻѾǱֿݸһˣ




1977顢ֿݵͻ
 

еſڣ
ɴһ֮˲ֻߣ飬ڳ֮һҲ߲ˡ
˿̵ѾŵЩɢˣ
һ죬׵ĳΪħ
Դݺһ̣Լκε鶼Ƿǳ˳
˵ߣ
ݺѵ˸ϳȥˣ
һȥ˰ֹԼҵĻӳ˵նɱ
ҵط˵¶ûеط˵ȥ
ΪһɴڴƱˣ˸ɱ˵ġ
һٶĻɾͳˣ
۸ˣҲû۸İɣ
ѲԼǿͿΪΪ
Ǹôɣ̫һʳĻҲԲ˵ķģϾҪնɱǿҵĴС㣡
ԭ״նɱɣջûô
£ʱڵǳô鷳
Ҫıҵ峤߮ʵһ̣Ҫһˡ
ֻ֪ڻΪʱ磡
׶ݺݺЩҪһ£Ȼң
ִ磬㡭һ˿ҪСİ
ݺδ˵ʲô˼ִ籾Լġ
׵ͷİɣЩ˻κβң
ݺһƬĿ֮лȥ˽Ŀ⻹Ƿ׵ϣ
ֻ׵ӰѾʧߣ
ķǲԶѣΪ˿̵ֿݶѾǵ˹ؼʱ̣
˶ʼͻˣ
һͻƿǴڵɻʾֿǴɻʾڵɻʾڣ
˵ʵȴಮ٣
̫Ĺ⻷ԽսҲ飡
Ҫ֪Ƕٵ
ֿȻԶɵۣϾܣҪľͻƣ
ȻˣΪʶǳǿ󣬶ڵ˵¹ʶѣ
ֿݵͻû̫ѶȣֻҪӵ㹻ɵͻɻʾڵѶȲ
ȻˣߵѶ˵ֿ֮ʵҲ̫࣬Ͼɵۼǿߣ
򣬵ôɻʾ۷ʵɽ˵İԵأ
һʵһҲԼĵʮ㰡
¥
Ʋº׼ҴҵĽ֮󣬱㳯¥ķ˽ȥ
ûü״к
ѾǽŹҲֻˣ
ղڳеһĻǿʱҲĿɿڴ
ڣ
׽ʱ򣬳һƺΪֿݻ
׽֮󣬳ҲǵϴͿݸͬʱҪͻưĽ
ֿϥ˵ɫƺЩ֮ɫҲǼ˵
΢΢һЦһͻƵĿʱǺ°
ȷʵԼҲżĺܣԼʵͣͲǰҲƵĲУ
ȷûа취
ûϣƾ޷ͻƣ
⣬ǻԵ
˵ͻƾͻƵĻǵǺˣ
䣡
ֿݵ֮ȷһƵȥԶı֮
ɱˣݸţͻƾ͸Ƶİ
ףҲһĽ˵
û˵˵ĲǷϻ˼ҿɵתһɻʾôܹѵֿأ
δ֮ʣƺǸһ㣡
ĵ֮ҲһƵֻƺֿ֮ݻҪһЩ
Ƶ˵ϴǷ簡֮ǰ𾳽ܹҴûл֮һͻƵɻʾ˰
ǺǣûôţȼԽߣԽսѶȾԽΪսʤɻʾڣ⵽ɻʾھܹսʤɵ۳𣿡
׿ųӣҲЦ
ֻ˵ͻƺǳĻȻղ˱仯һ仯ֹڳţ
ɽ֮Уͻ֮ľȹǷǳҪģ
ֿȳ֣Ҳ֪ȹ̵ʱԽãԺͻԽ
µʱ䣬һζ
ʱһĻ׿ûй߸Ǻţ
ᣬԼҲһᣬȻҪͻƵӣû̫ܣ
ʦ硭׵ĶС
ۿһԵֿվԼĸǰҲ΢΢һЦڵһЩ
΢΢һЦɵ֮£޵֣
ֿҲŵ˵ɵ۳ڣҵҲһӣӦûģ
һɻʾڣһɻʾڣ׼ģ
Ϸ۳ΣأλػҲǰ˲٣
׳顢ֿݣǼ̾磬ʱ׼ˡ˲Ҳˡ




1978ͷ
 

¥
ֿݵͻƣ׵еҲǸӵһЩ
ֻڱȽǣԼûʱȥѰ̺Ķ
һƣ
ûдΪ֧ţҪͻƺһޱѵ飡
ֿ˫˫ͻƣҲнѣ
ǳʱ䲻ͻƣʱһݱʶƣµʱְ֮
ֿݻгڽУֿصĶǳ
һһͻɻʾڵĻǵʱǵսɲֹһΰ
¥űˣ
˿Ʋº˻վ⣬֮ǰ˽ȥ֮ǵҲһ
˵׽ȥʲôˣ
ǳĵȴ֮⣬ûκεİ취
ˡ
˿֮ǵҲԵΪļ
׿˳һֱߣ
ˣҡҵȲ֪ʲô飬ԡ
ƺ֮Ʋ¸ӵһЩеⶼشġ
׵ͷеѣѾˡôˣ
ָң
һʵһĻ̵ӡ
λڵˣʵҲЩɻģ
ֻΪóƣʹŲɣ
峤ѾɻʾǿߣΪʲôһڵôأ
飬û͸֣ʹúܶ˶Ʋѣ
񿴵ڵľǿնɱɻʾڵǿߵʱǳ׵ķˡ
̫ǿˣ
ⱲӶûмֵ߸ս
ԽսȻܹôǿģôҲͿǰλˡ
Դ˿̵Ʋ¶ףҪ๧ж๧ˡ
ţӦ֪˰ɣ
֪ѱѼ鱨Ļôܹ֪أ
ƲһߣҲ̵˵ʵȺۡɲ⣡̫һʳء
ǺǣһγŻõ͵һЩ
ڿɲʲôҲˣֿݵͻƸ˼ǿģ
ɽ磬ʵǾеı֣
ֻǶһ²һ£
ƺûκε춯ǲ˵ɣ㳲ĻҲǳصģ˷ģ
װڰֵѾͲҪˣȻа취ȥģƲ¡
ˡ
Ʋһ׽гԼ֣Ҳǻһ̻ش
ʵϣƲҲǵǣ
֮ǰΪԼƫɣ˺һϵе鷢
ΪԼĻҲҪ¶Լʵ
ҪǱ峤֪ĻʱԼǳԲ˶ˡ
˿̣Ʋµĺ֮ҲһĹĶ
׿Ʋ³Ʋ£һСΨף֪
ˣ֮𷣣
Ʋֻϣ׾ܹԼʱ峤ͲڴԼˡ
Ҫǵȵ峤ĻԼľ군ˡ
׵ͷйҪͣйҪԹزɷԲɷ
𷣣
ƲȻǷģʵڶ̬ѾǷǳĿˡ
ǻһƢĻնɱԼ¶пܵġ
΢΢ͷȻǴӼ㳷ƹְΣ
лˣ
Ʋ¼ͬʱ˵ǸмƲһ
Ʋ˵ֳͷʵǲֵһ飡
װڰֵϣܹͬЭƲʱȵһ°ɣԺֵĺãʱ򻹻лġ
£лˣ
ƲЩϲĿףʵֻǺ˸λöѡ
ĴƲһٸⰡ
ײԸľˣȥæǵɣˡ
˵꣬ױ¥ҴȥȻһ˵
ȥӣҲǴһ˿˷֮ɫһֶϱŵĸо
ֻȴںǸʲô뷨
̫һʳԸܹõϪϢ
ȴ֣Խ˽⣬ķء
񣬴һʥ鵽һʳЩܣ
ƺһɣҪľɵʲô
Ҳһܹʲô𰸣ԼȴԽԽˡ
ֻ֪˭Ŀвܹ֪ൽʲô




1979жĥɱ¿
 

̫һʳǣң
׻صҵʱѾǵ磡
³ڻһģᣬ˸·ǿǰ
ȻûйҪʲôܹôǰᣬȻʲôģ
³ÿһʱ䶼һᣡ
ֻصȴԵı䶯ÿ۳УҷֲԱȽϵľȡ
ԣÿһ³ʢᶼܶ˲μӣ
кܶطϹ
һ̫һʳᣬƺرĴ󣬲һжΪ˲֪³һε˭
ϴ˿ҵĿ֮У
飬ҲյϢֻûлҲҪȵ׵֮˵
ݺϽе˿״˿Ҳ˿棡
ĸԶȥɫЩŹ֣
ֹӣ鵽ô£
ǿˣ֮ǰִһ˿мȣڵЩһˡ
ܹնɱɻʾڵǿߣʵҲΪ֮һ
Ͼײڵʵ
峤ӦѾ˵˰ɣ׷ʵ
һնɱһӳֹӾû
ǺǣѲֻܹɱǣȴܷˣ
׿ӣҲ΢΢һЦʵ
ȻǣʵѾݺ˵ˣҵȷЩֹ̫ӣţܹնɱšҵһϵѡ
ףҪ׵ţ
׵˵ˮڣұΪУƫҪҲŵĻǿɾ͹ֲˣ
ŶĳһɻһֱҪѯֹӣֹ֪ӿɷ棿
˿ף֮ҲǴһ˿ѯʵζ
峤ʡ
׵ҲνܹشģȻشġ
ǲܹشģҲشģ˵һѻ͹ȥˡ
ͷֹӦ֪̫һʳһż壬ҪҰҲǲܵ顣һֹնɱɻʾǿߣʮֵıֹ״Ӻζ
ʵʵ׵ݺͱ
ǴͷĻֺαؾأ
׿ȥƺûκεݣҲҪ˳Է
׿˿峤ǲԥҪһöأ
ֹ˵Цˡ
䲻ʻһԵΪΣ
ʵϸղһȻôģһңһףҲҪȨ׵ġ
ֻǱôһʣԵˣ
Ȼ峤û˼ұ˵˵Ҳ޷Զ۳һʳ
׿΢΢һЦʵܿԥ
ɽ֮Уϣ
Щ뷨ʵҲֻ֣ڲûôѣ
һôˣʱ׾Ͳڶκε֮ˡ
뷨УǸʵжǾͲһˣ
۳ĻʳףҲüͷʵֹ֪Ϸ۳кιأ
ֻеȼ峤ʱҲ˵
׿ǲҪشǶһ֪ʲô¡
ǰϪ飬ƺѾΪһɣ
ǺðɣҸڸϣԡ˿ס
װڰֵ֪峤ΪѣҵԻᴦ峤ˣ
磬ֹӱϾǰҵŮϿ˿
һԵݺҲǼе˵󲮣ִ
ڰ֣΢΢һЦȻֹ£ұ㲻ˣǼҸˣʱҵԻֹ֪ͨӵģ
׿һ΢΢ͷǣ
ʵϣжĥɱ¿ȷЩ˺ġ
ֻ׼Щ飬Ҳͱüֲˡ
ҵĴ֮ԼԼԭ򣬻ԺݺܹΪѣǸƺѾǽнԶˡ
һϷ۳һʳļ壬Ŀ
ԺȻǳӶҪ˵ģôأ
ԼѡѡЩʱܹ۷壬ЩʱҲܹڲ
״ҳ֮ݺѾǸ
ִ磬Ҹˡ
ݺĵһ仰¶һ˿Цݡ
ٶŮ˺һЩ˼һǶøжġ
ݺЦŵ߰ɣ
û̫ЩʱһԿ϶Էˡ
˳³еķ˹ȥһ·Ҳ˵Ц




1980³
 

̫һʳǣ³У
³̫һʳǵ򣬾нһ֮
̫һʳǵ³йģҪСΪϷ۳ΪǿĻʳ֮һ³̫һʳ˹ģ
׸ݺ³еʱΪʱ磡
Ϊ³еǶϾУ뿪Ļаҵʱ䡣
ԭ״ݺȥƬ̵ģɺ뻹ֱȥ³У
֮ǰڴ׻ʳʱӮλĹھ³Ǳ߻˶ʮƷʯ
ڵףνǲ۲۵ĳ
ǵ۳֮ˣҪױƴ¶ҪЩ׽ˡ
ֻײ֪³浽ʲôöʲôǵĶĻ϶Ǻԥĳֵġ
һһĿģǾǳ
ʵϣڷ֣ҪڻʳϻȡϪϢԽԽСˡ
ǣķԽԽ࣬Ҳľ鲢ôļˡ
ִ磬Ҳμ᣿
ݺףĲôš
Ͼ߼ᣬԼʸμأ
ЦŵʶʶǺõֻǲ֪³еģж󣿡
ҵ֪ģҪȻҲִˣʵүү˵һ³Ҳμǵᣬһǧ֮ǰ
ݺףҲЦŵ
һ㶵һǧǰôã
ǰ³вǸһʱ;ٰһģүү˵ֻеǾۼһĺöŻ
ݺף֪ⷽĵǱҪһЩġ
ʵϣļҲǺܶ࣬鼸Ǳ˵ġ
ҲЩһ֪ĸо
Цŵ³б鲼ɽ磬ӦҲϡƽɣһιȥҲǼ棬ʲôöĻδһЩ
ִ磬Ϊʲô뺯֪𣿡ݺ׵ʵ
ҵǲ֪
΢΢ҡͷһ˵֪˲ӦöԲμ
ݺЦŵּһǲͬģ˽֮⣬֮ǲԲμӵġƾ³е뺯ܹڣһ뺯Ҳֻܹһ˽룡
ôţüʵ֮ǰ뺯Ļھǲܽˣ
յ˵Ӧģ̫һʳܹʵҲᳬʮҵģ
ݺ֮ǰҲ˽ֻһԼүүô˵֪ġ
浽ʲôͲö֪ˣΪÿһζǲһģ
΢΢һЦǻҪȥˣҵҲûмᰡ
뺯볡
ײûһӣЩˣ
³еſڣ³бյ꣬ӦרΪһεеġ
³еĴѾǳ˺ܶĶ˺ܶλ
ЩӦǾΪμ׼ģ
λɣλǷ³е뺯
ſڣһ³зεĵԱվſڣӵһĹǫ֮ɫ
Ȼеģ
ó뺯ǵԱһ֮֮иǳ֮ɫ
һƵλɣһ¥£ҲԤǵİϯλ
ţʲô˼
׸һԵݺһЩҲǸӶѣ
֮ƺԼүү˵Щ󣬲ܶණûۼ˭֪ʲôӵأ
ԼүүǸԼҲܽ㵽һ֣
ǸԱ׺ݺһãӣЦŵλӦǵһ³вμɣ
ǺǣǱ˵ˣǻǵһΣ
Ҳ̹ȻĳˣȷһβμᣬȻ˼ˣԼҲ˵ˡ
λģ³еǵĲڣĲĴ¶ΣҲаΣ
ǸԱ¶ӣҲĵĽ͵
³вûʲôˣҲеʱ䡣
ҪǵĻʱ˾Ͷˡ
ȵã
׿ǸԱЦʵ
ǵԱ΢΢ҡͷȻǣǰޣһ¶Ǽ۸ߵáĿǰѾĸᶩȥˣʣµԶ
Ԥô֪ǵļ۸񲻱Ǹأ׷ʵ
ǸԱЦŵĸĹͣԡ
ʲôͣ׳ʵ
ǸԱʼͲ͸¶ˣλҪʣµĻǾˡ
㣡
ǸԱδ֮ʣſһԱż˽
ǼһݺףжѾ޾ŭ




1981º
 

³һ¥ڣ
ԭ׽̸ǸԱڽӴ׺ݺûйãĸˣ
Ϊ֮ײʶֻ⼸мһݺòİ
ɣ
Ůˣû뵽Ȼһεĳˣ
ԩ·խ
ݺһɣֿԱߵǸӣѾ
壬ɵĸ磬Ҳǵ趫ݺݺܾǸˣ
ݺɰ
ɵ¶һ˿⣬׵ʱЩ㣡
һҪĻѾ˳еſˡ
ÿÿ飬ɶج
û뵽Լ̫һʳ̫ӵµ˵£μӸᣬȻһεݺ
ݺЦһɣ㻹겻ɢǲҪ˹ɱǰ
ݺҵնɱһӳ߮ҶȻҪָ˵ģ
忴ݺҲŭ
ŮΪ̫һʳЦҲЩ귢ͼǿ
˵ԭһѧӵܣݺĴ̼£ΪȻҲͻͽ
һﲢ츳У෴츳Ѱ֮ҪϺܶ࣡
ͼεѾΪɾ֮ˣȻݺ֮ͬ˻вСĲࡣ
Ǹʮǰȣȡⷬɾ;˹Ŀ࿴ġ
ֻݺôܶһʲôøأ
һαҼ֮Ѿǳ׵Եļ壡
֣ҵȽǰΪ³еᣬҸҵìܾ𣬻ȷһŰɣ
õм䣬һԳһЩӿɵ
ǣ̫ӵ£
幪վм˲Ǳˣ̫һʳ̫ӵº
Ŀһ׵Ǹնɱɻʳڵˣȥһ
̫һʳ̫ӣɻʾڵǿߣ
ʵϺһθһҲΪ·ġ
ƺΪ׼
׿һۺ˭
̫һʳףҲǳһ˷֮ɫ
ԭ̫һʳ̫ӣȻΪ̫һʳ̫ӣǾһôܹӵ˻һأ
׿ź˵˵úһƣ
ЦһǺǣƺ̫ܵһЩɣ̫һʳ黹ֲ죡
Ȼ˵Ļ̫ӵǷΪܵҲ̫أ֮ҪɱǣǲԱѣȻ̫һʳķȹܲˣֻԼԾˣ
׿ź֮г˳֮ɫ
ɫһ֮ǻȻƽϢСӣܲ񰡣ҲҸұһ
ң
׵ĻشֱúıӶˣ
ΪĿɲײңһֲмĲм֮ɫ
Сӣ֪ҵĺ
ЩŭˣһֱǾƲԳԷư
һԵ̫ӵ£̫һңҿֱóǷ
Ǻǣһǻ밡Ҫǵ̫ӵ£Ϊ˼ҿ
׳Ŀ壬һ仰ֱƿԣ
̫ӣ
ɵ𰡣Ȼֽ֮赶ɱ˵뷨ɽһ뷨Ѱ
ڱһôֱӵ˵ɫͺĿź̫ӵ£ֱ˵˵
ڰ֣˿׳סˣ³еᣬҲƽϣ˽գͺΪ֮ɣ
΢΢һЦ˲Ҳˣ
³еǸԱǰһ󽣰ŵӣҲε˵λǿͣλ³Ĺͣ룡
ǰΪ˰飬ﻹаİɣ
ȻûԼʹǸԱʵ
ǸԱ΢΢ͷĸᱻ³ֱˣĿǰʣᡭ
̫һҪһ
Ҫһ
һǰһ˵ôǰΪ˰֮£
ʵ̫Ҳûжãͺȴġ
Ԥˣʱ˿Ԥ˻Ͳˡ
̫һʳĻңһ˭أ
ֻ¾ûôıˣΪ漰ģǲֻһյĿռ⣡
ŵǵλӣ
³Ѿȥĸ֮⣬ʣµǾӵˡ
̫һʳΪȻҪӵһģ
ֻҵİ¾ͲôˣǸ׹ȥ




1982
 

ʣµᣬλӦ³еĹذɣ
ǸԱɲ˵ʲôݣǿɲϷ۳ˡ
³еıȻģ˲ǻӶѡ
Ҫʲô۶ӵĻ۳˻Ầˣ
Ĵ۳֮У
۳νΪǿһ۳³ڸ۳֮еλʵǳߵġ
һ£˭Ըһӵ۳³أ
ǰƷ٣
³б۳ȻȻĶǾøһȣ
˵棬ҲԵ÷ǳĴݲȣ
Ȼ֪۸ߵ
ֲǵһβμӣһǧǰμӹ³еᡣ
Ҫ֪һĹģҲǿǰİ
۳ة඼ԳǰһĻǼ£
һǧȥˣ³һεľٰᣡ
ҸղźҲ˵ǰĸᶼѾˣ˵ĸ˵ʵжôǿˡ
ǸԱͷȻˣǼλֱӳ۱ˡߵ֮ǰһۼɡ
ɣҵȳ۰ɣʱߵűˣ
ǸԱ΢΢һЦ
ǸԱЦŵҲãǼλڳۣԽ֮еȺ˵ĵˡ
׼۶٣ǸԱʵ
ǸԱ΢΢һЦʮƷʯ
ʮҼǵһʱ򣬺׼۲һ򰡣üʵ
³лǻ׬ʯʮƷʯǺ׬
ǸԱһЦ̫ӵ£ʮƷʯڼλ˵ëëѲ𣿡
˵ҲǣҾͳʮƷʯɣ
δ̫࣬ʮƷʯԣ֪̫һҵĵλһ˼ʯҲġ
ᣬ˵˾һ⣡
ʯһЩͿģ㹻ʯҲõ˲ǰ
ҲǶǸԱЦŵҲʮƷʯ
λȻۣǱȥȺˣû˱Ǽ۸ߵĻǵˣ
ʵЩԱ˵ķòص㣡
ʱûĻԭӦþ̫һҺҵġ
ҳʮһƷʯ
ǸԱ䣬׵
ŶλɳʮһƷʯ֪λɴҪĸ䣿
ǸԱһ㶣Ȼгͻû뵽ֱָˡ
ָָˣ
СӣǸĵˣ
ɫһ䣬ļֱǵڴ
Цһҵ۸۸ϰ˰³жµĹض֪ˣ۸ߵãûʯǱڴˣ
㡭õúܣҵҪжͣʮƷʯ
屻ôһ̼ټһݺһӱ㼤˵
ƺҪ˵Щʲôɿ֮ʼûиҿڣ
Ϊһ֮󣬾ûйʲô·
ʮƷʯ
ʮƷʯ
ʮƷʯ

ÿһΣĵӣܿ۸ѾʮƷʯ
һѣѾ൱һƷͨƷˡ
³е˿ҲһĿɿڴ
սƺڼ׿Щ壬΢΢һЦһƷʯ
һƷʯ
˵ʱɵǶ΢΢鴤һ£
ԭ־ڱصõģǶ벻̫һʳ˭ܹȥ
ôҲû뵽߾Ȼ֮ǰնɱһӳǸˣ
³ɺޣ
һƺ֯ɵӣҲ֪׵ʵ
֣
³ж֣Լ
úúãƣҵҪܲƽ߳³У֮ʣһݻ
׿ŭӣҲ΢΢һ̾˵仰˲ֹһ
һԵĺһۿʼˣ¶һ˿ЦݵСӣ˵ʵĺֲҪľ񰡣
͵̫ӵ¶ҵˣˣ׵˵
㡭ţ
ӣһǷˣһҪôͷܴҪôǸ
ʱţ׺ݺȥ˰֮У˵ЦĽ̸ţ
˿̣ῪʼаʱҵĹ
½½Ⱥʼ³еĲ
ģĲ
ֻΧ̫һʳǸ֮һλ֮⣬İƺǿŵģ




1983ֺŰͷ
 

³У
ԭĴַǷ˿̸ǿǼˡ
֪ЩһǸ߸ϵ
ң֮ǰ³оٰᣬǳνǾ춯ء
һεᣬȻ˺ܶ˵Ŀ⣬ֻܹʸȴࡣ
ܿ죬ڵѾˣ
һŰڣΪ֮һˣȥȲһɫ
ڵֶŰᣬǳеλУ
ʣµźĺŰᣬ涼ɵۼǿߣڵ˭׻ǲö֪
Щ֮Уƺ˾ۼ⵹һɻ
Щ˵ݶͰô̫һʳ۾ǰأ
Ҫ֪̫һʳĵ۾ƺҲѾͻɵۼˡ
˶ָָ㣬ܶ˶ǲ²˵ݡ
һŵĺŰˣǶǷ׷ײ²ŵ˭
ֻϧƺûʶ
ǰ棡
ҵ峤ȼһĿŰᣬҲĨһ˿ĺ⣡
˭
ȼɣҲĨһ˿ɱ⣡
үү֮͡ǰڳſնɱһŵǸһɿԼүүҲΨΨŵŵ˵
ȼĿƺŴ͸һ޼ɵʶŰϿղϵţ
һ˿Ũصľ֮ζ
彫齲һүүһ⵷ңһƷʯһᣬʵЩ
ߣһε֮ҶȻҪÿȼŭա
˰
оǶ˶Ѽˣһֱڱصõġ
û뵽Ȼ˸ˣ
̫һʳĵһ壬ڱҵȻټ֮ǰڳеǰôˡ
ȼǻŭŭ𲻵ǶŰݺףŭѾȼˡ
һߣ
ߵʱҲǶֺŰڵЩΪĸȤ
ֻǵǿǸļһֶŰᣬ׽ŰʱǶɵˣ
磬ǡǸһﲻ֮ǰȥǼҵǸеļʦôᡭ
ϿҲֹѣ
Цһ˵ܰ˭ȥ̫˰
ǰǸŰӦΪ׼İɣôֹӸݺˣ⡭ⲻŸҶŸ㿴ȼƨƵˡ
ϴ˿ҲһĿЦѾǿˡ
΢΢һֻ̾һһˣܸоһεҪ鰡
磬ҲĸоҿһεܻС
ƺͬĸо˼ͬʱ׵ķ
ʵıƺһڵĵط
ɣǸֵСǳʲô¶˳Ļʱֻܹˣ
磬ݺ
ϿŰᣬϳֳһĨ˵ɫʣ
Ȼ黹δƺѾоһ˿֮У
ֹŵʱ³Ѿ˳Ϲһ˿ݵЦݣ
ȿֺŰ˹ֵλһ³еᣬɽ۳̫ӵԼ٣һεԣ
ʲôһ澹Ȼ۳̫ӵ£ҵĹԹԣ
һεһŰ治۳ةˣû뵽һξȻǱ̫ӵ°
һ³пƴ˰Ȼ۳̫Ӷ˰
ǰһεºܿɽ˰ɣ
һߴߴ˵ͬ˿̣·ѾǷ
۳̫ӵͻȻ٣úܶ˶û׼Ͼֻһʳѡ
ͻȻôһôܹ˲أ
ʵϣ³ˣҲǲ֮ǰոսܵϢֺŰ䣬۳ֱ۳
ֻЩ˵˭³ѹҲʶ
Ҫ˵ʶĻҲֻ۳̫ӵܹʶˡ
³˼Цŵǻӭһ£Ϸ۳۳Ͷ۳ĴǷֱֶšźĺţ
һƬ֮Ĵ֮еѾǺ֮ˡ
۳⼶ӦҲǺܵˣοҲ鼶İɣ
Ҫ֪ة֮£ǱΪ
³һۣһεĽŰ̫һʳ۾ȻҲһƬɽХ
Ͼ̫һʳĵֻ̣ǵ³ܵŰʱ򣬺ܶ˶ǲ첻ף
ʵϺܶ˶֪Űڵʲôˣ
һʱ䣬֮ڵʶȫڵķѹֻ̩Ȼ֮ƺûܵκεӰ죡




1984µһƷ
 

³¥
ԭ³ֻǰչһֺŰڵˣ
һʵЩˣ
ŰᣬǼǵľȻҵݺѲҪô
³ոȥңȻ֪ҵһЩ
οǸ滹һˣһԼ䳰ȷļһ
ʵ֤˼˵ûԼˣ
ֻҲ³Ÿ̵ӡˣһССڵļһȻҶԼԲѣ
ȻǶԵģҲ³ǳĲˬ
ڿһö֮ŰڣҲˣ
³һµǻӭһŰᣬ̫һʳҵݺС㡭
ȻǸݺ֮ǰΪ·𣿡
ⶼʲôʱϢˣǲ֪ڳſնɱŵ𣿡
˵ƺһŰ
ǰ˵ǸڵĲΣȻһλɻʾڵǿն£ʵǿֲѰ
һҲ˽ỹûпʼѾǱ߻ˣ
Ҳǿܽһǣǳ֮ң
ֻ̫һʳĴ֮еңȥƺҲЩֻĸо
ҲԸôǽȡҵĻṰø
˭ֻ֪ҪܹңܹΪ̫һʳʵǿļ壡
ΪĴˣ˭ԸΪͷأ
ŵİ֮У
ױĿֻ˲֪ǣʱֿݵ˽ʲô
ʦ磬ԩҲͷû뵽߾Ȼ۾³Ķ³۬
Ŀ֮͸һŨҵɱû˿Σ
飬ǡ
ֿЩĪĿ飬Ȼ֪Ϊʲô˵ļ
һԵֿݣҵ۳в֮𣬲һ
Ӻ˵𰡣
ֿҲҰҰ죬ȻϢ׵ˡ
׳ֿݣһͰɣʵϸЩƣһЩѣ
ðɣȷϵġֿݵͷ
֪ҵץһδǸϵģŪСҲа
°ɣǼһΧһλɵ۳ڵǿػҵǶԿɵ۳ڵǿߣ㰡
΢΢һ̾ʵȷд߰
˵һŪϵģŪСģǶ۳ҲһСĴ
ֻϧƺСҲŪ
ֿݳҹѣСΪףĪ嶯
ʲô򲻹ֲܲǣƾЩˣҵȥҪҵҲܣ
ŻеģֿݵľҪʵڲһѵ飡
΢΢ҡͷܲ¾Ҫ£˵ʵҲû뵽ܹһڵȷʱ򣡡
˼֮Ҳǳ
ΪҪʼˣҪûԼȤĶ
۳̫³۬Ҳ֪ûлˣ
³վ̨룬ʾ˰Ȼ΢΢һЦ³еᣬѼɽĹ屦ͳһ³ҲԲμӾģ
³ʦʲô˼ҲԲμⲻϹذɣ
һɣǺ̧۸ĻǱû
³΢΢ҡͷӦûвμӹ³֮ǰᣬ³еͯ۵ġһбϵģһеĶġ³ҪȻҲҪ֧ģ
ԭˡ
һԭЩҲ΢΢ͷһΪЩ³еģ
ʵϲˣ³ֻΪЩƷṩһƽ̨ѣ
Щɽ֮˵˽أֻҪóһʯˣ
֪ļ۸һҪͨչҪߡ
οܹ³Ȳεᣬ䶫ӦҲ̫ģ
Ĵ۳һοɶɳģȻƺʲôǰμӣ
˸λϻҲͲ˵ˣῪʼһӵвƷʮвĹҩǼƷ
³Ļĵȼ˵֮˵飬⼫Ʒĸֵʱ򣬼˵жһ̹⣡
Ʒǿ챦ﰡ
Ĵ۳ӵеļƷҲָģ֪⼫Ʒջ󵽵жˣ
ԭ۳ǴֱӽƷ£ȴͬ⣬Ҫμᣡ
ԲǰһĻ
³ʦϽİɡ
Ѿ˸оˣȻֻжʮƷǵڴȴ쳣ĸߣ
³΢΢һЦһƷһöҩɻԪλӦ˵ɣ




1985»֮ľ
 

˻
³˵һƷʱ򣬵ѾһȻ󲨣
ɻԪ
˵İĶЩ˵ֱǷ
ƺֺŰڵЩ֮⣬ƺ֮ѾһƬķڣ
ֺֻŰڣƺһȤûУ
ԭЩΪֺŰ֮һֵģŪԺȻûһ˳֣
öɻԪձ֮ˣƷʯߣ
ܶ˶üҲֵõİ
Ʒʯһɻʾĸ֣⻹ֵ
ײδ֣˿ѾĿˣ˵ĿĻֻһǱ³۬ˣ
ң
ƺÿһۣ
һһƷϵĳֻϧûһܹ۵Ķ
һʮƷ׶ˣ
ڼ䣬׸ڵŰõһƷ֮⣬ƺĶǱ˸Ϸˡ
ЩȻǺöɶڶǿߵƺǲ
ЩҩܹЩ
ǵ۳Ļʹ֮ڣ֪жĺöأ
λƷϣλܹץˡһʮ˼Ʒ֮ľ
³ɫȻֻ˵ʲô֮ľһĿɿڴ
³ʦ֮ľǸʲôȻܹô棿
ǰˡҵȹªţ֮ľҵȴδ˵
ǰ³ʦΪҵȽ󰡣
³ʦΪҵȿ۽磡
һȺҲȿֺ˵ȥЩһ֪൱ǿҰ
³¶һ˿Ц֮ľûҲΪǳ⣬ҲǷǳĺ
֪֮ľʲôã
ȼ˴֮УһҲ׬貧ӯһջö
˿̵֮֮ǰҪ˺ܶ࣬Щԭֹˣڿҵǿ֮ҲһΪ֮Ŀ
³Цŵ˵ʵҲ֪ʲôã
Ŷ³ʦĪǸǿЦɣ̫һʳһָļʦĶ
ȼҲЩԾ³˶ⱾЩְ
³΢΢һЦ֮ľ˵Լ֣
壡
һƬЦ֮ȻԼ֣
ⲻ
ôᣬȻĶԼøȻԼȡ־ó
Ƶǣ³лǸϹ֣
Ȼ˵ʮλҲ˵ĵ׼ѾһǧƷʯ˰
˭ôţ棬ܹóһǧƷʯһĶ
ֱǸЦ
ȼһֵ³ʦЦЩ˰ɣҲʵЦĺܣԼ־ó֪ʯкر֮
׼ۣһǧƷʯϲⶥ³ԼҲ¶һ˿ĿЦ
һǧƷʯ˵ʵоģ
Ȼⶫȷһ㣬ûдģΪоⶫʲô֮
³֮ľٻеģɾ±˲Ȥ
Ϊ³УԭһƷûʸóģ
³о˰νĻ֮ľûо͸ǲžó
Ҳһͷǣ
ЩƷȻһЩȴû̫ص㣡
ⶫһȽصһˣ
ȼ˿³ӶɳˣһǧƷʯ⡭ٰ
³峤ô˵ƺЩ̫׵ɣ
³ʦʲô֮ľص㶼û˵ȴһǧƷʯЩ̫׵ɣ
ȼ³һơ
³ʵ֮ȼҲòȥ˵ȻλҪ֪֮ľ֮Ļ³ĳҲͲҴˣ
³ʦͿɡ
һ˼ˣԭǾͲ֪֮ľʲô
һǧƷʯܲأ
һǧƷʯʲô൱ͨƷ˰
³ͷ֮ľԴڶĳС֮ϣŨɴءΨ֮ľΧ֮أϡƲë֮أȴΨֻôһŻ֮ľ
Ȼ˵棿
ɻ󲻽⣬ⶫȥȷǷǳĹŹ֣ƺӦǺصġ
ȴԸóһǧƷʯȥһ֪Ķ
˵ǲֵõģǿⶫƺӦû˻ȥɣ
ֻǲ֪ǣ״˿ѾһĶ̨֮ϵĻ֮ľ
˯ͷ




1986±˹Ŀ࿴
 

ʦ磬Ͻְ
ѾһĽ֮ɫôණûȤ
ȴ鳹׵ķˡ
һԵֿݺͳЩɻ󣬳鲻ĵ磬ǸɶҸղſһҲûɶ
ǰ飬ҶľҲûпκεر֮³е˵ĵģ
ֿҲһ˵ɵڼǿߣ
һ֮£֮ϣ
ɾʶô˵ļأ
Ҫǣֿݸղһֱ֮̽ľ̽鵽ĽֻһǾǸûʲô
Ҫ֪ɽ簡һûĶʲôأ
飬żʲôҪ֣ҲҪ
׵һдһ˿Ļ֮ɫȻǳĲ
鼱æʦ磬Ҹղ̽һ£̺żΪǿҲ²ĲĻⶫĳλɽĶ
񡭡֮
ֿһŵӶɳˣɫֱ䣡
Ͳ̸ʲôˣɽʥɽǰ˸ɱ˵ģЩ˿ɶûгذ
ûгô֮ܲ
֮һоƸͷǳĸ߰ȻǶ֪֮ﵽôã
ͷһʱͲô˵ɣʦͻƱҪ֧ŲܹͻƣûκͻƵĿԣ
ֲ֡øղʶ̽飬ָ̽鲻ˣ棡ԭð
ֿݴ˿̷·ܶ鶼ͨˣ֮ȻǷͬ찡
ֲøղ³е˵ⶫΧĵطȻǴݲϡ
ȻЩǱ֮ľ֮˰ɣ
ЦŵȻµģҲûʲôʶ⵹ʡȥҺܶ鷳
ͷҲǣҲżǱȥҲ
٩٩̸
ֿݺͳ˿̶׵𺳣Ѿһ߶ˡ
ܹ糶Ϲϵˣ˾Ƿǳţģ
磬ܹɽ糶Ϲϵ㻹ţ
³е̨֮ϣ
³ܣ΢΢һЦλӦѾ˰ɣλʼ۰ɡ
ţ
֮һƬ֮ɫ
һǧƷʯ˳ۣûж
֮
һŰڣһȻλǱ֮ľˣһǧƷʯ
Բ
ܶ˶۳̫ӵ㣬ֻΪҪ䳡ѣ
ԣܶ˶ΪⶫҲ³ۣ۬Ȼͽˡ
ܶڶڵȴƷĳ֣ǻδֵļƷҪĶ
ʲô֮ľ
ǿⶫ߾һѣ
һǧһƷʯ
Ϊ³۬ı۶ʱһ˳
˶Ŀ⼯Ű֮У
Ȼ˳ˣһҵˣ
Ǻǣҵ˻ϲԩͷⶫȻأɲûʲô֮
ǰҵôһǵ۳̫ӵ£
˵ѲҪһӸ۳ɣ
֮һƬ֮˵ʲôĶУ
ɺܶ˶֮ɵ㶵ǵģһǧƷʯЩʯҲôİɣ
ܶҲǾ֣Ϊҵ峤Ӷڴš
ŰȴֻҵһСѣ˲òп
ŰһǧһƷʯûиߵĳˣ
³û뵽⻹˳ۣ֪̫ӵ³۵ԭӦǲҪⶫ䳡ѣ
ڼȻ˳ˣҲƽ
ȥ
һŰڣ³۬ƺЩ費˵һǧƷʯ
ֱӸϵһǧƷʯ
棡
̾
ܶ˶û뵽ԭǶΪĶȻһҲǸˣ
³۬˵ǧƷʯ
ǧһƷʯ
ÿһζǶһƷʯ֪³۬Ӧ̽Լĵߣ
ǧһƷʯûиӵļ۸ˣ
³̧ͷİ֮У۸Ѿǳļ㷶Χˡ
ģ³оǶ׬ģ
һΡΡΣ
³ܿԼеС΢΢һЦ֮ľŰУ
ܿ죬ݺóһſˢ֮ȡ֮ľ
һʱ䣬ŰҲǻ˼ߵĹעȣ
˽û뵽ССŰᣬȻҲչֳױȵĲ
ҲǶڵİĿ࿴ֺܹŰˣʡ͵ĵư




1987µڶƷ
 

ֶŰڣ
ͳͳ˻һۣҲĨһ˿֮ɫ
ǣһεĿˣһﻹǸʯ
΢΢һ̾ԭЩȤȤôŨ
ǿˣСϵܻǲٰ
ͳ΢΢ͷ³֮۬Ȼܹ³۬һĵǲС̫ӵĿ棬˵ȷǸ˲ţ
΢΢һЦ֮ľ֪ͳǷܹкر֮
ˡϳ׾ʵǿⶫк֮
ͳҲ΢΢ҡͷĿһεĿŰ֮ڣ
һ˵ʵʵҲоⶫܹŹ֣ʵ̽鲻ԭҵҪⶫġ
̫ӵ£Ӧ֪ǵĿǽĶ
ͳ쿴ųҲǲ֮ǰոսӵϢ˵³д˴λд
ڿνĴӦþǼƷˣ
Ϊʲô³ûԼҴţó
һ۳ûף
Ȼ⼫Ʒóˣ۳֮ôԹأ
ǿǼƷǶڵ۳֮˵ǼΪˣ
һƷ˵ǶһΪǿĸ
΢΢ͷҵȻ֪۳ûг֣ǳôأҵû뵽ǼһﾹȻˣ
̫ӵ£ԺлĻѯһΪʲôҪ˵ʵڵǺһˣ
ͳ΢΢һЦƺǸڵļһҲһЩȤˣ
֮ȫƷǼƷ
˿һεĽĿתص³ϣϾĶĺö
֮ľȻںܶӡ
ɱϾⶫһ˸̽鲻ԴҲû̫ķϣ
֮У
֮һ¶м֮ɫҵ峤ȼг˳ͼ֮⣡
үүǼһǲǸɵӰǶʲôҲûУȻǧһƷʯȥһɵӣ
ݺݵĿһŰᣬŰĵˣҲеһ̣
һԵҲǵɴ۾ôôʯ
ߣʲôԺҵĶھڱQһ˰ɣ֮ҵҪʲôطӣ֪֪ͨͨ𣿡
ȼɣͳʵ
үүһжѾ׼ˣүүѾ³еΧ޵
дһ˿ϸ΢Ĳ֮ȥǳļ
ãǼסץľץģ
ȼ̧ͷһŰᣬһܵŭ
һóǧƷʯȥ֮ľʱ˼Ҳǻ
ԭһ˿ԥѾʧ
Ϊȼ֪һ˿ɲֹһ
һߣ
ҲĿɿڴĻ࿴ŶԷǸղſݺһɽͨõʯȥˢʱҲǾˣ
һӾóǧƷʯʵ̫һЩ
ҼҲǼǧƷʯ˼һӾóô࣡
磬⡭СôôǮ
һҲЩˣ׳֮£Ӷɳˡ
Ҳʿˮҡ֪ܣСӿЩͷ˵֮ǰľǲ˰
磬峤ҾһµǺǿľӦûд
ϴ˿˵Ȼǰ˵Щˡ
΢΢һ̾Ѿزˣ˵ʲôҲˣܸоһҪ°㿴Щ˵񡭡
磬ҡֻһ顭Ͽ
ͷܹסݺԵȫԸǸ׵Сӣҿɾͱ֤ˡ
̾һˣϾ֮ˣ
˶Ÿղ飬³һεĳ֮󣬺ܶ˶һεĽĿ⼯ϣ
Ҫ֪صᣡ
³һóĶƺЩأ
һԷɽ
˵ʶͬʱɨ˹ȥܿһ֮̾ѾǴ
Ȼ³õĶǼƷϵһԷɽȴѾǷǳ˲ˡ
³λ΢΢һЦλƷŴ֪ǵ֮ҲİˡȻλ˵ĽҾֱ˵ǵˣһԷɽֽƷ׷ƽ
³˵ֵʱѾһĿɿڴ




1988¹Ѷ
 

Ʒ罣׷ƽ

´һľֺ֮ŰˣĿҲǽĶǰ֮
ʵƷ׷ƾ˵ԭһ֮ܵ󣬾ȻͻƷΪ뼫Ʒ
뼫Ʒ
ʵǽƷͼƷ֮һ
˵һֵҲǷǳ֮ߵģ
ȻˣⶫƷȻǲܱȵģ뼫ƷҲûһƷļֵߣ˵ǵ˺ܶ࣡
ɶڻʳ˵뼫ƷѾЩңɼĶˣ˵ǼƷˡ
ƥﻳ
뼫Ʒڵ۳ջ󲢲رĴֻƷ׷ƽܿɹĵطһ֮
³΢΢һЦƷ׷ƽǰ뼫ƷһҲҪ׸ˣֱӱĵ׼ۣ뼫Ʒһģֿ۸ҲһЩ׼ǧƷʯ
ǧƷʯһǾǷǳĺļ۸
ǵ۳һЩ棬ЩŻ֣ⶫһʳ֮Уǳѵã
ȻǻʳڵᣬһȴĴ۳Ĵ
һεľҲԲ̫ģ
ǧһƷʯ
³δ䣬ŰѾǴ
̫һʳĵ۾һǳˣ
˵ʵ̫һʳĵ۾ӿʼһֱûг֣ƺҲڵȴʺĶ
˵һεĶȷǷǳʺ
Ʒ
ⶫԼҲ֪ԲԼģ
뼫ƷûмƷľ޴ֵѡʱ֣ҲԵôͻأ
׿׷罣ϸֳһĨ֮ɫ
һ˵ֻǰ뼫Ʒɶ˵ȴŲͬѰ棡
ΪƷ׷ƽǾ̫幬λУ
ʦ磬⡭˭Ī塢˪λ
˿Ҳǵɴҿף˿̣֮ղſ֮ľʱҪ
ҲҪ֪飬ɵ˪λʧ𣿡
׳ʵ۳Χ˾̫幬λʧˣ
ǸʱɽҲһͬʧˣ
ôȥˣɽ³˵֮Уôܹ׼أ
ʦ磬˪λŵĻǡǡ
˵ߣҲǳֳһĨ֮ɫ
Ʒ׷ƽĳ֣ƽĺȥһʯͷ˲
׳³۬⣬᲻ǵı
ҿһֱڰмǱߵĶһŰƺҲ顭˵ˣҵȲǹߣ̫Ļɵģ
ЩͻʵλóĻô˵ǻ᲻Ǳ֮У
ʦ˵
˵ʶѾʼɢ˪ޱȵϤ
˵ʵ³۬ڴˣҲܷ˪ģϾ˲Ϥ
ټ˪ʵѾǴﵽɻʾĶ壬ҪֶȻ٣
³ڣ
ʶϵ󣬿ȴûҵκεټ
΢΢һ̾ί˱Ҳ˵أֻǵĺ󱻱˷ֵĶأ
üͷʦ磬˵Ļпܵģ
һԵֿݺͳѾǳ׵˽ľҲ֪׺֮䵽˵Щʲô
ȻЩ˼ѾΪʵ
ֲǸ۳Ʋһǵ̫幬˰
̫幬걻𣬺䶯ɽ磡
벻֪ҲǷǳѰ
Ȼֿݲ֪̫幬𣬿ɵҲ֪̫幬Ǻǿһŵģ
ֿݳ˪ĻҲܴ³УϾ⼫Ϊױ¶һȺ֮Уھ벻ԶĵطעߣҿλӦ¹򡭡
˵Ѷ
һЩԴ˼Ȼûֿôȫ棡
һֿô˵ʶһεһʶѾǳ³Χĵطɨȥ
ζ¥
ȻԼ˫ۣһĨ֮ɫѾǳ׵ĸǰ
ûɡΪʲôǻƷ׷ƽأ
׿飬֮Ҳǳɻ֮ɫ
Σյĵطȫĵطһ㣬۳Χ˾̫幬֮ǿѾûκεռˡȲΣҪҪĵԴ̫ˡ
ҲǷֻһĨ֮ɫôҲ֮ȥ
ּ֮飬Ա




1989ٴγȫ
 

³ڣ
ʶѾ˪һôҲʧˣ
׺鶼û뵽̫һʳ֮ڣȻˣ
ⲻò˵һջ񣬼׿ⶼǱջ֮ľҪ˷̫ˡ
˿̣Ʒ׷ƽļ۸Ѿһ·ǧƷʯ
۸ڲϵ֮УȴҲûż
Ʒ׷ƽ˪ĶԲֵ֮ġ
̫幬ĳһҪģ
ֻû뵽ľ̫幬ȫ̸£Ȼִ
ⲻò˵һϲ£
һŰ֮У
̫ӵ£Ʒ׷ƽǵ̫幬˪Уû뵽һξȻֳˣĪǵ˻ţ
³۬վһλߣȥƽ棡
ߵ֮ȴ͸һӷĹâһǲǵ
³࣬ҿЩ˰ɣ
³֮۬ˣǱˣ۳ة³ף
̫ӵ֪δԲΧ˾̫幬Ǿ̫幬ĸ˪õƷ罣׷ƽϳΪ
³׵Ҳ˪ҲǷǳϤ
ȷ˪̫һʳǣ˵ˣϾϷ۳ĵ̣
ǴѲĻҲʵʣ
³۬ЦһǾ̫幬ΣѾҵԼĵزˣö۳жٵв³ֺαأ
̫ӵ£ˣɴ߲亦
³׿³۬УɴɱҲԲܹŹġ
³۬΢΢һ̾ϾϷ۳ĵ̣ǵƾ²⶯֣Ҳʰ
³׵ͷֵ֮£
ˣȻ³Ѿ˾ϣǾôɣһεǼƷĹ
³֮۬һƬĵȻ֮ɫ̫幬ҸȼĿԶûУ
Ǿ̫幬ѾǱԼĸնɱ
о̫幬һֵأ
һֱ͵һŰĶߵʱҲһ
˿̣Ʒ罣׷ƽļ۸Ѿ˰ǧƷʯ
һξ˫̫һʳĵ۾֮⣬۳ǱƺҲǶԴΪĸȤ
۸һ·ѾЩȴˣ
³Ѿǳޱȵ̫һʳ۾΢΢һЦ۳۰ǧƷʯ֪ûԸߵļ۸ˣ
һڣ
ΪǧƷʯۿ϶ɽʱŰᣡ
һǵĳѾõµ˳׵ķˣһƷʯ
һʳһóôƷʯҲЩİ
̫һʳΪϷ۳ôһʳǧƷʯ˵ѾЩˡ
Ⲣ˵̫һʳòôʯֵòֵõ⣡
ϾһɹҪʯĵطʵ̫̫ˣ
ʵڣ̫һʳĵ۾ҲòһӶôʯ̫һʳǶˣ
ȥ⡭ôʯǿһڰ
ҿһǷ˰ɣ뼫ƷҲǧǧ֮ļ۸񰡣
ǰ뼫ƷҲǧƷʯˡѾЩˣ
ҾȻҸ̫һʳĵ۾ȥֿ˰
˿Ű֮һδҲˣ
˵ղǧһƷʯѾǾ˵ĻһѾоǵⷶΧ֮ˣ
һڵƷʯһܹóģ
һһΡһΡһΣϲŰƷ罣׷ƽ
³۸Ϊ⣬ԥĽһε
˿̣˶ҪŰڵļһ˭ôôʯأ
ܶ˶Ϊһòôʯ
ҪҺĻʱҲܹܵģ
ݺһεĳ˵ĸǰѾǱ𾪵ľˣ
ʵϣһκۣСֱͨͨ
һθӵĿţ
ֱӺһݺҪļ۸һڣ
ֻǿһεóһſԼʱҲѧһεȥ
˵һƬ̾УݺһεˢһſȻȡ뼫Ʒ
˿̵ŰᣬѾǳ׵ıˣ
ܶ˵ĿѾǲˣϾһϵĶֵ̫Ǯˡ
ҪǣһӦЩ֮۸һ
ֻںܶ˶Ŀ⼯һƷ֮ϣƺŰ᲻Ųʡ
˭֪Ű˼ˣ²




1990¼Ʒ齣
 

³У
ۣ³һεվ̨֮ϣ
ŰỹܹǴϲû뵽͵ڶƷĳ벻ļ۸
˿̵³ϲЦտ
ֺֻŰڵҲǽĿһεͶŰᣡ
˵֮ǰ֮ľʱǻûƹŰ˵ĻôѾǳ׵ͬ˴˵ʵ
ɽˣ
ֻҪʵ˾ͻĿ࿴
׵³֣Ѿ˺ܶˣ
ʱ˵ĿҲϾ׵̫ãжŵľһƷ
Ʒ
Ѿ˶֪ˣֻ⼫Ʒʲôأ
ʵҲ֪ʲôĴ۳֮һˣ
һڵļ۸񣬾Բǽϵ߼ۣ
Ʒļֵֹһڣ
³˿ҲЩ΢΢ƷҲһĴƷ
һλ˵Ʒǵջʵ̫̫ˣ
ɼɵۼǿߣҪӵһƷҲǷǳѵ飡
Ҫ֪⼫ƷԴȵɵۼǿߵսⶫֱǹ֮
۳֮ıƴƴʲô޷Ǿɵ۵
һƷ˵ɵ۵һ֣Ĵ۳Ѿã
ǶϣͨһεᣬԼҵ۳ʵ
ݣ
һâǷɽѾǳ³У
⽣
ã³۾λ³һһƷҲλڴѾõļƷɱеʮλĳɱ齣
ȻɱǰʮļƷȻǺö
ǰֻʮҲ˵Ʒļֵ˰
һҪһ˰¿ˣ
ֱǲ氡ֻܹĴ۳֮ˡ
Ѿ˵ĲǷϻȥҲ޸ܰ
µȻĽ֮еһĨ֮Ѿǳ׵ʧˡ
ʣ
Ҳʸ񰡣൱һǧԼǧһڵģ
㼵һӵаʲˣԼ˼ˡ
һൽһļ֮ǾͲǼˣֻʱĪˣ
³˵齣Ѿڹˣλ۰ɣ
³ʦûе׼ۣ
ȼ³ҲЩ΢΢㵣ⶫӦи׼۰ɣ
һ˸͵أֳЦ
³ȼĨһ˿֮ɫ齣ߣǾǵ׼ۣ
ѲҪüʯ𣿼ߣ±ҲӦġ
֪Ʒԭǲһģ³оϲͷ
ǲܹʾ³еǿҲܹĿͻǣ
³˵׼ۣûе׼ۣλۣ۸ߵã
Ĵ۳˶ˣ׼۱עʲôأ
ֶŰ֮УϳֳһĨ֮ɫ
Ȼ֮ǰһֱƷʲôȵ⼫ƷʱǰͲסȼ֮飡
齣
κһ˵ž޴İ
ǧƷʯ
ȼ׼׷֮ʣֶŰѾǴһ˵ļ۸
ǧƷʯȳֵȷǷǳ°
ǧƷʯ
ڳδ֮ʣ³۬Ѿˡ
һĿɿڴĵ׼۵ȷûʲô̫塣
˿ȼǱĶһ㣬һӴ쵽˲Ӹϣ
һڣ
ŰڣҲǴһм֮ɫ
һڵļ۸˻ûüĺŰļ۸ѾǺ˳һǧƷʯ
Ľмۣ
ǰҲǸŷһֵĽмۣ۸ѾǷˣ
ٶȣһҲܲ˰
ܿ죬һѾǱеǧ򣡣
һƷһɱļƷ۸ѾǴҪˡ
ۣҲǲϵţ
Ϊⶫóͬļ۸񣬿ҲӵͬĶ
ма
ҵθ찡Ĵ۳Ҳ̫˰ɣм۵ٶҲ̫˰
ղһΪһڵļ۸ˣû뵽Ŷðֱӿ˰
⼫ƷôֵǮһǵһοôĽмۣ
ɲզΰǿ˰ֻܹĴ۳Լ氡
Ҫ󵽵׻˭Ұ˭ӮˣҶҪģ
һʱ䣬³У




1991عĳ
 

齣һ˸߳׶Σ
ż۸񲻶ϵѾ۲۵ˣ۶ٵˡ
һļƷļ۸񣬴ԼҲҵƷʯ
ȻˣⶫҲһûνļ۸
ϾƷʵ̫ѵãɽرĶࡣ
меǷǳģ
ǰ齣ǲһ㣬ΪѾɱڵŵϺŵļƷˡ
۸ͻǰ϶飡
пܻͻڶ˵Ȼ۳ǿޱȣ۳Ҳ۳չİɣ
һƷȻԸı伸۳֮ĸ֣ʵǿҪȱ˵ʵǿҪһЩɣ
һŰڣ
³۬ϳֳһĨȻ֮ɫûĻԼ϶ǿµġ
һ㣬Ʒһڵڣ
һԵ³׿³۬΢΢һЦ̫ӵ£۳ҿӦЩ֧Ųסˡ
۳˼˼ѾǼɶֵ飬Ҷ۳Ĵ۳֮ʵҲҸ۳Ͼ
³۬Ĩһ˿ĵȻ˵ĶֻϷ۳ͱ۳
̫ӵ£ڵֶŰڣƺϷ۳̫ӳ󰡣
³׿³۬
³۬΢΢ͷʵҲģ³еᣬɳ˺οϷ۳ĵ̣
ǧ򣡣
ֶŰڣɫԵЩ̫ˣԭΪ۸Ӧòͻڣ
齣ЩĵģڿͻӦǳ飡
Ĵ۳Ȼûһ֣
Ȼû뵽飬Ҳó۳ƺ˳˼ˣ
ܿ죬۸񲻶ϵۼӣ
ԭļһмۣ󽥽ıҿʼмۣ
۳ͱ۳ɳˣƺһЩȨɵһĵ֮ҲûκεĴ
˵ˣǵľȨȻܸߣȴҲһ޶ȵġ
ֻˣ
³۬ͳƺ˭ҲԸ֣齣ļ۸Ҳһ·ˮǴߡ
Ѿǵǧļ۸ˣ
ֳһƬأĸ߼ƺѹûһ˿˿ĴϢĿռ䣡
󣬺þò
³۬һŰڴ˳ֻ֮ƺûκε˷ܡ
һЦ³۬һѾнǧûм˰ɣû뵽Ȼˣ
齣ԭ۳֮УһӦҲԭ˰ɣ
³۬Цŵ֮дһ˿Ĳݾܾ
һЦô˵ĻΪλҪٰ죿Ϸ۳ȻˣȻҲῴ⼫Ʒӱ߰ɣ
ȻôŵĻǾͿ˭ļ۸һЩɣ
³۬ûôĿڴڱصã
³۬Ҳһߵģ֮ǰԼĸѾǸԼ˵ˡ
κζһߣ͸оֵˡ
۳ҪӵƷɽ³۬ҲҪⶫʸԼĸΪ
ỹڼ¹˭ֻδ֪ǣ
³۬﹥ƣƺҪó
һߣ
̫һʳĵ۾ڰ֮ڣɫǳѿ
ϾԼҪƷ׷ƽҵ˸ˡ
Ϊһ۾вĵأ
ѾǶ˼ֻһʱʹסƷ罣׷ƽļһ
ֻû뵽һβ۳̫ˣȻϷ۳̫Ҳݵˣ
һʱ䣬Ҳɫֱ䣡
̫ӵ´ݹ٣ȴû֪ͨԼⱾЩ֣
³е·֮УϵɫѾǱһƬ֮ɫ
̫ӵ£
˵ƺҲһ£˵Ļ³ӶҪˣ
磬ǵ۳̫ӵ£ϾֵĿ
ɫΪѿ˵Ӧǵģû뵽ǶǱƭ˰
ǡ̫ӵ½ӼǸ׵ģۡǽǸ׸ϳң⡭
ϴ˿һɲԤС
ʿˮǡǸײҪ״𣿵ʱǾ޸޸ϵɡ
˿̣˶һȻ֮ɫȴһֱڼ
ݵع⣬һ˵Ŀɿڴ˿ԭķ۳̨ϷϷ۳۳ĶϷˣ
һ·۸ҲѾֲƷʯˣ
˶ڴ齣󵽵׻˭Ұ




1992³׵˫
 

ڣ
˵һƬ֮У³۬һĿļ۸
Ʒʯ
۸ɽΪ֮˰ȻǼƷڵļ۸Ҳ̫һЩ
ӶŰڣ
ɫҲѿ˼㣬һԵĳͳϾôʯˣ
̫ӵ£һͲڵƷʯ
ͳҲޱȣʵƷʯѾǷǳ˵һˡ
ԭǿƷʯʲô򲻵
ڿƺǲһ˿˿
ǿǲ齣۳һֱϷ۳ͷϣڵõ齣Ļǡ
̫ӵ£һ۳ǹҪģǾȻ֪ͨҵȣڸϻϷ۳Ҳ˰³жµĹأǵ֧
ͳ΢΢ҡͷȻûκεָˡ
³۬ӣҾͷǳĲˬҪĻԺ󻹲֪ôأ
ͳ̫ӵ£СҴıΪϷ۳̫ӣȻҪֵİ
̾һҪ˭ҵʯͺˣףǼһ
̫ӵ£ʲôذҪǸһʯɣģҲû
ͳ쿴ųǰλ̫ӵµ뷨𾪵ˣ
Ҫ֪һԵĿ۳̫ӵ£
۳۳֮ʵǿҲΪˡ
ײĻľûл뿪طˡ
ڳͳ쿴ҪȫԼĻȻܽʯ
ΪǱһʱȴһ
ôܹ֪أ
ֻǳδ䣬³ѾųһӲ˵ˣҲ΢΢һЦ£ɷӼۣ³һΡ
³۬ƺҲǸܵ˳Щ;΢΢һЦϵܣ㲻ûʯ˰ɣû˼˰
³̫۬ˣЦһŰ׳ס
̫ӵ£Ҫ֮ǰҵʯ
⻰˵ľˣһǿеҪ󣬶Ҳȥˣ
׵Ļ֮ЦŵϵܲµûԭΪϵʯˣڿƺһЩ
΢΢һЦ̫ӵ¾쿪۱ǡ
һô˵ҲǺ죬Ȼ֪׵жٵʯ
˼ҼȻ˵Ļ˵ڵʯеġ
ĳ棬ô˵˰Ļأ
³۬ٺһЦ³۬һҪʧˣǧ򣡣
أ
ڳ󺰳۸֮󣬾һŰڴһѵ
˿̵һŰڣ³۬ɫ˼㣡
˭Ǹһﵽ˭
³۬ɫ䣬ɹһ֮ңû뵽·Ȼɱ˸ҧ
³׵ɫҲ൱ѿһƾճ֣̫һʳƺ̫ʶһ
飬ҳ飬ó˲齣Ҫһ֮أ
³۬ԭĵݣһѾʧӰ٣
ݣĲǳ
³۬һϴ˾ŸڵƷʯһƷѾǰ϶ˡ
۶ӣȻҵһ֣
ϳ̫ӵ
³׳ֻᣬôܳȥһıأ
ⱲҲѲ鵽һı
ףףôôϤ³۬ڱŭ֮кȻع
³һ³۬ĻҲüͷƺʲôط
³۬Ժ֮зٵţȻ䣬ɫ˵֮ǰ۳³дϢƺһӾ³жʮƷʯǸ³ǵýʲô
̫ӵ£ҡǵòĻǸһӦҲǽףѵǡ
³׿³۬˵пĶһĨ֮ɫ
³۬ŭһǴ˵ĻǡǾ̫޳ˣӮ³еʯȴʯԸǣֱ
̫ӵ£һжõȵ֮˵ߣǶֵĻ¡
³³۬۳ĻһѾǱ˸ˣ
ڣ
³ֱ۬͸һŰᣬ쳹
֮ͨ³֪۬ǸһƴѾûϣˡ
϶һӦþ֮ǰӮǶʮƷʯˣ
򣬳Ĵ۳֮⣬һܹ˴ݲȵóôʯأ
ԣ³ֱ۬Ӿ˵ƣ
˿̵˼ѾǲǷ˲齣֮ϣԱߵŰᡣ
һĨ޼ɵɱ⣬³У




1993²齣
 

ŸƷʯ
۸ѾһĿɿڴ۸زѾǼ۸ˡ
ƺĽϾ
ֻǺܶ˶û뵽һεʤ־ȻǸһȿŰǸˣ
֮У
峤ȼɫޱȣѾǴһ˿µ飡
үү⡭һﾹȻʶϷ۳̫ӵ£
˿Ѿǳ׵ûһССôܹԿϷ۳أ
˵ˣ̫һʳԸˣ̸۳
ο˼ҵ۳̫ӻʯһһǺüڣʲôϵ
²ò£ܹ֪˵ͷҲС
࣡
ȼһڿˮ̻֮ؼңʱһҪ͵͵ٵ͵
үү
ƺЩϾ֮ǰָԼүүܹԼֻ棡
ȼŭһôѲܹԿ۳̫ӵ²ɣǡ
ŵýԼͣ˿Ҳһĺ£
һ뵽֮ǰڳеʱһɱԼĻڵԼүүҲֻܹʲô鶼ûзˡ
үүһУҵĶ趫Ǹϡ
ȥ
ȼ˿Ѿǹ˼ɲˣڵ˵ԶǷǲǹؼ
үүǺȥĻļҪ趫Ļҵķչ¡
ʱ˼ҵķչȼ׵ˣ
ЦһҶûˣ̸չСڰų£Ǿǵ۳³¡ʱ³»ŹһѾֵܹˣھߣ
ھߣ
˻һۣΪǴԼүүǱѾǿ˿־֮ɫ
ȷǣԽԽҵʵҪԸףڿѾǲܵˡ
ҪԸһҲֲˣ
֮ǰЩ룬ֻܹˣҪռˣҲŲϺˣ
֮˴ҴȥȻǵʲô飡
Ű֮У̫һʳĵ۾ƺҲϸֳһĨ֮ɫ
ǴݲȣΪһʼڣֻЩ뷨ѡ
׻˵Ϸ۳̫ӵ²δʵԵĽӴ
Ҳ΢΢һ̾ƺֻܹһˣ
ǻʳĵ۾ڵ۳˵Уһ֮ѡ
һĳжٵأ
֮У˵ĿⶼۼֶŰڣ
̨ϵ³ƺԼ̫ӵ޾ŭ֪̫ӵŭˣ
³һΣΣ
ҪֻһεҲǱİԼ̫ӵӮһεļƷ
Ϊˮܹóˣ
ЦһһǧƷʯ
³ֱӱˣǸλû˵ѾǸ³д
³۬ЦһƷˣ
л³̧ȻĻҾȴ֮˰
˿ãȻ˺ܴĴۣ۳һɵõһƷǷǳĿĵģ
³С£һεǳˡ
һƷԾһǧƷʯĺ˼۸ճɽ
õƷģϷ۳̫ӳ
һ̴Ӱ˳
³۬ĿѾ׵ϣĳ׵ķ˹ȥ
һʱ䣬˶׿ȥ
һﾹȻҲ۳ҿǻ˰
ɲզΣ۳Ľտ¾ļˡ
ɲһϾϷ۳̫ӵµˣҾͲ۳˸ǵĵ϶֣
ǰҵǾó»׵ģǻһʱ»һ
֮ˣ׶ǴһĨ֮ɫ
ųףȴųܹһӣ
۳ôһôһˣưոأ
ǰɣ
³۬ףе޾ɱû˿أ
һ̣۳߲ĽӴˣǺηȴҲúܶΪ֮Ŀ
ܹ۳ˣɽҲûжٰ
׵Ŀзһ˿䣬ҪΪʵĻ۳ѾǳΪĽˡ
³££
׵Ŀһ³۬ҲһĨȻʵ




1994ɱʮ³۬
 

۳Ȼ˲ű
³۬ף¶һ˿Ц仰ȴúܶ˶ǲ첻ѣ
۳
˿ףҲһɵʵ
³۬ųЦһ󣬿ǺϤʲôط֪˫ɵǳĲԣ
³۬˱ˣѲ۳䲻𲻳ɣ
ʲõ˵ȻװȻܹɣ
òܹ̫ĵǣ
׿˿³۬΢΢һЦ³£Ѿ֪ҵˣ
ϣƽƽ뿪̫һʳߣ
³۬Цһд޾ɱ⣬ȻˣļѾ
³۬涪еķŭ֪ˡ
ΪĴ۳֮Ϊǿ۳̫ӣȻڱһ֪СӸӡ
⴫ȥĻԺ³۬ʲôأ
³֪۬³жֵĻǵʱеɾûˣ
ԣҪ֣ҲԲʱ֡
ֻҪ׳ȥˣʱ·һˡ
һ˲䣬׾͸оʶѾԼ
ֻһЦ³֪۬ܰȻϳԼȴû˵ԼӮ³ôʯ
һҲ³л˵۳̫˰ɣ
Ҳ֪³۬ѾǶԼأ
۳ڶ۳ҰģǶ۳һʳ۾ֻҪԼص׻ʳ
۳˾ҪɱԼҲֻܹ£
ѹ൱ڸ۳ս
֮ǰڴʳǵʱǸ۳ةĶӴϪ
Ǽһƺ֮о˵Ǹ۳й飡
ᣡ
׺Ȼ뵽һļƲߣܹö۳ԼվͬһսĻʱҲڲ֮ˣ
лϷ۳޽ͬˣ˵벻Ϊˣ۳ξ֮أ
չĻʱʱˣ
һжǺ󻰣Դ׻ʳʵҪ۳󣬼ǲܵ飡
³۬ȥӣҲ΢΢һЦϵܣҵѾ¶ˣƺ̫һʳĳѾû̫ˣ
̫ӵº⣿׿ų΢΢һЦ
˲齣һ˵
ˢ꿨֮Ҳ˲齣ԼĴָ֮У
ֻ˶ԸȥƺײȥǾͲȥһ㣡
ʵҲҪյ³ʲôģ
Ͼ۳ϵˣܹʲô³أ
ϵܣʯ
ףЦŵ
΢΢һЦЩʯ˵Ҳû̫壬Ȩ͸ˣ
ϵܻǴãҳˣ΢΢һЦ
׿ų΢΢һЦһЩɻ󣬲֪ǷΪҽ󰡣
ʲô⣿ʶʵֻҪ֪ģȻ˽˭ôһæأ
˶ӣǻطɣ
׿ų󣬴˿Ѿûôʱȴҵ峤߮ˡ
ο˵߮Ҳδܹ֪Ķ
뿪ߣ˲֪ǣʱѾǼȺ֮˳ȥ
ȥķζΪ˪װǱ߳Ŷأ
У
׺ݺ˳ķ֮УѾղˣȻҲûʲôҴŵˡ
ϵܣЩ棬㵽ʲôݣ
˿̿ףҲǳһ˿˿ɻ֮ɫ
Цŵ³۬Ѿ˵Զ۳
۳ǣ˵֪ⶫ۳ƺûôһɣҸ³۬ڽаˣҪܴġ
¶һ˿ЦݣϾ³۬ݺ͵λǱء
׹һֵֻǻ˵ЦҸ۳أֻղ£ʱңֻôˡ
ô˵Һϵˣ
ףҲ¶һ˿Цݵ
ʼѲɾòǣ
Ȼ˵ĻҪȻϵܸһΣ㵽Ϸ۳Բģ
һĶ׷뺯
ʵ϶ڳ˵һ使޵ѾǱˡ
ڣܹնɱɻʾڵǿߣ
ѾǸͳͳ˼𺳣
ɽ飬һεˢ˳׵֪һļᶨ׽ӽԼԲΪ棡
Ϊ˼Ϊ˰Լõ齣ǿǸ˺üƷʯ
˵ģЩʯԸɵйˣ˼һȱԼǵô
Ҫձô׿ųЦʵ
һԵĳͳֹӦ֪³۬³ʲôûҼ̫ӵµıӻ̫һʳǶˡ
ҲǴһ˿ЦݣѾ·ˣ
ҲΪʲôҪձ׵һԭΪʱأ




1995³˵ĳ
 

еĶ㣡
гĿף׳ʱ⣡
Ȼһ￴ȥʵһ㣬ɳȴ˲ǲۺ˼ܣҵʮ㣡
֮ǰ³۬ʱһ˭Ǹʱ۳֮أ
һ͸ң
Ҳڳǳ׵һԭ
ڼϳͳһͼӴף׷˵µơ
ھ͵׸Լ¹ȻԼշһء
׿ų˼һ֡
ţ
һһﺰԼֵʱƺ͸оһ˿Ĳ
ʼųֻ죬ȷǿԱƽֻ
ֻʲô
ףɫһʵ
׿ųֻͲϲȻҲԸ£
ŶϵܻĬڲڶ۳𣿡
ףҲЩɻʵ
ʵϣô˵δ̫ջ
һӾʹӦˣ³Ĳ̫ˣϾõЩ̫ˡ
׵ģʵѱӵԸ
ȻҲҪ׸֮ȴǳìܣ
΢΢ͷ˵ûȻǷչҪһ̵
ϵܹϷ۳ҿԱ֤ϵٿԳΪһʳĵ۾ǵȱλĻ۳ةλԴ
һóľɱˣҲܹõĳŵˡ
һ۳ة࣬Ǿһ֮֮ϵְλˣ
Щͨ˵УǾջ֮Ķ׵Уȴûκεô
ĿͶλͷǳĸߣһϷ۳ة࣬ôܹ۳أ
װڰֵֿܻ֪ѾǶ۳׻ʳĵ۾ֿеة֮λȻˣ־ڴˣ
ֹӣǾƲԳԷưûҼ̫ӵıӻӦ֪ڵĴİɣ
ͳһ׾ǲʶٰ̧
Լ̫Ӷŵة֮λʷǰģû뵽̶ˣһﾹȻǾܾˣ
ڰ֣ʾͳ첻Ҫ˵׵ϵܿǶҵ⣿
ҲֵĺȻ֪ɳֺ񰮡ֻǼϷ۳ǴĲǺ£
׿ų΢΢һЦ
ʵϣҪͨԼȡͳϣڳɲɹԳ̺̣ԲܳԼģ
ϾǣǼ۳֮ɽۻǵѡ
ϵܣǺ⣿ףҲʶʵ
˻׶豭һڵ֣ЩҲ˵ΪǣһЩ˵ܡһҿ͸¶һ¡
ϵܣûˣֺαضأҳʲôûм
ףȻ֪׵Ҫ˵ʲôɶ˵˵ʲôҲܾİɣ
һԵĳͳҲ¶һ˿м֮ɫΪЩҪˡ
Ȼ˵һһʳĵ۾ʱҲЩԾ
ʳҲʲôʵǿĻʳˡ
׿ųͳͳЦŵܹλ͸¶ľǣ۳Ų֮𣡡
ʲô
ԭм֮ˣ˿һӾվþûز
ףղ˵ʲô˵һ飿
ƺоԼЩûһղ˵۳в֮
׿ų˵ֻô࣬ԭʵҲܼ򵥣ҵʦŶ۳ˣô˵Ӧÿ˰ɣ
ֲãֲ֮ǰᣬƺ׼һ㣿룬ǹҪ³۬ѿˣ
ף֪Ϊʲô׻ᵱڰԼ
ҲףϾðźпʧȥΣհ
΢΢ͷȻĿǰûʵܹ۳ΣЩѿҪġ
ֹ֡ѲɾͲ۳ķ񱨸
ͳ쿴ףʵЩ⣬ûбʵ֮ǰһ˲Ӧѡ͵
Ҳ̸ϣϾڶ۳۳ȻܳԱӦûģŵ˵
ŶԱû⣿Ǻǣϵǲ̫һЩأҪĻΪ㻹л𣿡
֮иţȻЩ档
³۬ǱߵʵɲǸǵİӵɵۼǿ³ײ㣬ɻʾڵǿ߿¾Ͳĸ
׿ųЦŵ³۬˾棬ֻҪһȥĻʱȻ׷ɱңʱֲ֪ҵܲӳ𣿡
㡭ȥ
׻һӣҲǳ׵ˣһﵽŰ
˿һ±״̬ҪģûмôҪˣ
ǿ۳ǿ߰




1996ºĻ
 

׵Ļ׵Ȧˣ
һＴǲԸ׷ԼҲѰԼıӻɣ
ڿȻѰԼıӻǵǹƥĳȥ
ĳȥĻʱ۳˴Χߣ˶Ҳˡ
ǳҲ˼ˣ
ΪʵΪǿ۳Ϸ۳ǵĸǰҲһЩ
ȻϷ۳ĵ̣أ
Цŵղ˵ô࣬Ӧ֪ҵ˼˰ɣ
ϵܣлֱ˵
ʵԼҲǲµһЩҪԼ»ʸ
ԭǴձһģһѱƺշ
ѲΪһһҪ۳
ʵã׻Щ䣡
׵˵ּȻ֪ʣұֱ˵ˡ۳ֻһɽ磬ҵĿ۳ƺҲԸһֱ۳ͷϰɣ
ֹӣʵǼ̫ӵƽƽϷ۳ʵﵽ㲻ɸ˵ĿģǺǣҲ̫һЩɣ
ͳ쿴ףҲǷһ˿˿Ĳм֮ɫ
һ˵ô䣬ҪƭϷ۳۳ս
ѲԼôҪ
׿˿ͳͳֺα˽أοȻ˵ĻȻһĵġ
ϵܣȻңһǲܹӦġͬ⣬Ҹ¶ͬġϾǣ̫㣬ܹӦģֻ㱣ܣ
󵭵˵Ҳôɵģ
˵ԼܣһҪæԲܵģ
οǣĲ̫Ѿܹˡ
һο׵ʱҲǶһЩĶ

˵ʵ׵ģ
׿ųֲذѻ˵̫˵ԺҵȻкĻأǺǣ
ϵܣҿ㻹ûʸ˵顣׷ңҵǿԱһĽֻܹˡ
ףҲ¶һ˿ζЦݣ
׹һЦֶûİ
ҿɲܹ³۬Ƥӵӳȥʳͳ죬ǳеΧ³۬Ѿǲ޵ǵʱҲ֣Ϊл𣿡
ͳͳʵΪײʸҪԭ򣬾Ϊӵó³۬ģ
ͳ΢΢һЦڳе棬λɻʾڵǿߣ
ɰ죡
׵˵˵ʵڵѾǸӵĴݲˣ
Ц˼ϵܹȻ񣬼Ȼ˵Ļǵĺտʼ
ĻѾȷ˺ĻǱܹ۳ӳ죡
̫ӵ¡
ͳһĻҲһ
ѲԼ̫ӵҪļһһ֣
һ۳ͳ죬˵ͳû˵Ļ𣿡
տʼ𣿡ͳƺЩᣬ΢΢һЦϳͿˡ
˿ЦŵϵΪΣ
׹һЦֿǲӲӥȻҪûʸȻҲֳһЩⲻ𣿡
ϵܣ㵱治Ҫ㰲ȫ
֣һǲ̫˽⣬ֻϣֲҪԶš
׿ųҲǷһ˿ЦݣֻЦ˿ϲǱ
΢΢һЦһԿһޣҳȻ˵ĻǱһĭһڶѲΪС˲ɣ
΢΢һЦ⵹ǣ
ܹ³۬ӳȥĻҳȻϵʸҺʱ̸Σ
׵ͷȻ˵Ļô֮ɣҲǷҪֺֻ˵治ǣ
ϵܻǰҵϣܹһεļϵܣܹӳȥĻǱϷ۳㣡
ףʵҲҪ˼һ飡
Ͼ۳Բһ飬οڵ̫֮λҲԱȫأ
Ҫ̣Ȼ˵ĻϷ۳۰ɣ
ԭҪʹڰϪĻڿʱѾûбҪˡ
Ӳ³۬ƵĻܹôأ
ӳ³۬ƣǵʱܹӵһЩ
ĳԼźܶķ֪ԼҪչʾһЩʵܹȡأ
ղԼ˵һһҪ
ֻڿ³۬У
ȻҪһпϵˣ




1997¹
 

ݺ˳ߣȻҪͬ
ջǱ׸ǿе
Ҳû̫飬һŮ˶ѣ±ˣ
ݣ
׵ӰӳеĶֱӷζ֮Уԭ³۬ҪΧɱףɻûеȵǷӦһѾǽζ֮У
̫ӵ£ǡǸһôȥζ۳˿ҲζְСӵҪʲô
ͳ쿴ųҲ㵵ʵ
ԭΪ׳ȥ֮󣬿϶Ҫ۳˷˳ͻ
Щ۳ƺҪûκε׼
һʱѾǽζ
ζɽľ¥֮һı
³۬еҲԲζ¥֣ϾŵĿ۳
һĶˣʱɾͲһˣ
ɽ۸ӣ
ܶʱ򣬸ң㣬Ҫķñ˼˱ˣ
һﵽҪʲôȻܵζȥˣ
ζأ³۬ҲҶ֣һȥζΪ˱Ѱɣֻ˵йϵ
ͳ쿴ųҲЩɻʵ
ͲˣıĻҲδɵ飡
δʲôֻҪܹ³۬Ƥӵߣ֤˷ͬһˡ
ͳǵʱ³۬Ķ֣ǲǰһѣϾ֮ǰǶ˲齣
ģǴ˱³۬նɱֻܹ˵Բǿ԰һΣѲɻܹΣûģ
Ĩһ˿ĺȻҪͱҪóܹ֤Լʵ
һ³۬Χ˶㲻ȥĻ̸ֺ۳֮أ
ڵңȻһѪģ
ҪӮλ˵أô׾ͱҪóԼʵУ
̫ӵԼǣǾ͵ſϷɡͳ΢΢һЦ
ڵһգһﻹĻǾͻص۶ɣ
ϳ
ͳ쵭˵ͳһ̶ѾǶڵķ
ֻ˵ȴҪ鵽εķչ
ζ
״ӳгζΪֿѾߣ
ζĳ֮У
Ѿһĸţ˿ĸ˴۵С۵ĿŶԷ˪ɱڣ
ǵ׺ˣ
忴ֿݣɫһı䣡
ʵ岢ûм飬ֻӣǻûм
ʵǿᣬòȴҲżı仯
飬òȻûмġ
ҲǲҶ֣Ϊһ̾ͻע⡣
һ¶ʱ¾ٲľˡ
΢΢һЦ塢˪ǵαװǲ
㡭㾿ˣ
򸾵ɫͬʱ˱䣬Ҳû뵽ǰ֮˾Ȼһӽгǵ֣
һĪľ֮ɫѾǸǵϣ
̫幬Ǿǹһ˺
ʵҲû̫Ĵѵ£ֻܹԼԴȡԴ
Ҳֻܹ͵͵ģ
ϾƷ罣׷ƽɽǳĳⶫ˵ע⣡
Σյĵطȫĵط
վԼĶõ³Ǿھ³вԶĵط۲ƣ
ȵǶȥһ̣ǵвų׵һ
Ȼ۲ѣҲǻ˲Ƶʯ
ԭҪ³ȥʯģڱĪס֮еһĨ֮ɫԶ׼ˡ
һǾ֪ˣԵƬ̰ɣ
ֿһԵ˪ƺҪ֣ȴԥ
ЦŵǾͲҪŶˣȻ˵ǵ֣ǾûбҪ𣿡
㡭ǵ˭Ȼ֪ǵݣǾӦ֪ǵ³۳߹Ҳ޻˵ˣ
ЦһȻݱ¶ˣôҲ˼ôˡ
һԵ˪Ҳ˵ô꣬û뵽ջûӵ˰磬ԽǾƴƣܹɱһҲ׬һ͵ǼǾ̫幬ȥλֵܽˡ
˪Ƣһ㶼ûб䰡һֵ
㡭ʶң
˪סˣһᣬûмô֪ԼƢأ
˪ۿֿ֮ʣʱһӰѾ룡
ǰһλİӣ򸾵֮з֮ɫӵŨˣ




1998طϲ
 

ζ֮У
򸾿׵ĳ֣һεסˣ
ˣһҲʶ
ƺǳĹ죬һЦݣǸƲѣ
˭
Ҫ֪飬ҲҪ֪飡
Ͼ۳ˣ˿¾ͽˡ
Ҫ֪ҲǸոյõϢ۳̫³۬ߣôûиأ
ʦ磬˰鿴ףҲЦŵ
׿СӸʲôأոô
ⲻǵʦ˵ҲЦŵûп˪һӣҶЦˡô겻ǻ˪ǻƢ
ǵ˭
򸾿Ӹûκεĵ⣬Ҳһεѯʵ
Цŵҽף飬λֿݣ
֣
˪ҲһĲ죬ѲҲǾ̫幬ˣ
˪ʵ㡭ҲǾ̫幬ˣ
˵塢˪үǶʶˣ
鿴򸾹һֵȥЦֱˣ
үҡȥ㡭飿
ϤĻ˶סˣ֮еһĨ֮ɫԱ
һԵ˪дĿ㡭ү
ү
һڣû뵽һǰھ̫幬Ȼĳƺ
һЦʲôүүģǺˡλþò
㰡˪ץֵǡô˵˻ţ
ˣ΢΢һ̾
⡭ôܣ㲻ǻ𣿡һƬͨʵȻѾǽʵ
ɵǿһ̣лȼһ˿˿ϣ
̾һҵʦ磬Ҳǰס
ˣ⡭⵽ô£
˪飬Կóǵ֮ҲǴż֮⣡
ġ
鿪ʼĽľʵЩһһ㶵ģ
ƺҲĽһʵ֮Ҳͨ˵ûû뵽˾ȻĲ˵ϣҡ۳찡
Цŵλȷһ°
塢˪μˣҲɵӣȻ˽Լλôףô׾ǵˡ
΢΢һЦλѾˣ̫幬ͷǲҪἰΪáϾʵǱ۳֪ĻҵȿҲ˶ã
ǰ۳ȻҾ̫幬Щһֱ׷ŵӵ䡣ղҲΪ˺ү۳ˣ
Щ˼Ŀ˵
Цŵ֮ĲޣһλûдġƷ罣׷ƽλŰɣϾôˡ
⡭˸ˣ
򸾿Լİ֮һεĻصԼϣҲһļ
ЦŵȻˣԺǵͰҵˣĳȻţλԼ
һŻеģοӵų޷ƥеԴأ
лˣ
ҲǼĿףǾҵ֯һ㣡
׵ͷʱȽɣǵݲ˱¶Ψһͻɵۼ𣡡
ǣˣղһֱעᣬ˵۳³۬ɣ֪ڿӦ֮ߣǲеĻҵɱȥǣ
˪ף֮ҲǴһ˿֮⣡
΢΢һЦУʱ˳棬οҵȻ³۬˵Ķ֣ǵĿͻΧ
ˣҸ˪ɻʾ۷֮ˣҲܹһ
˿ҵ֯Ҳ緢˵
װڰֵ˵˲ñǲãǺǣ
˵꣬ױ㽫˪Լ֮С
˿ֿ̣ݿף˵͸һӵ˷֮ɫ
׳顢ֿݣ۳ѾǶˣΨһİ취ͻΧ
ʦ磬۳УǺûᰡٺһЦ
һԵֿǳʥϣ֮ǰҹ۲һ£Ψһ谭Ӧþ۳λة³ˣ
°ɣЩɻʾ֮ӦѲǣҪӦþλ³ˣ
׳ڸľǺ飡
ֿݳ˶ǣ۳̫Ӻة³ʱǸϹҲǷǳĿ죡
Цһʦ磬Ȼ˵ĻǾɱȥ˵ˡȡ³֮ǰ֮󼪡
²˳٣ȻڻãǾ߰ɣ
Ҳ²˳٣ζĴֱӳ̫һʳΧͻƶȥ




1999ǿƶ
 

ݣ
Ӱһӳ̫һʳϳŵķ򼲳۶ȥ
ʱֳ֮Ӱ
˿ȥƻֺ꣬ʹ̫һʳΪ֮𶯣
֣
׺ԥʱǱҪ³۬³֮ǰ
ܹȡһϢдĻᣡ
һ
ûκεԥһʩչһʱѾ൱ǿˣ
ɻʳڣȻֻһ֮ң
һȴı
һǿʶܿסˣԭҪ֮ŭ׵ˣ
ûеȵ˵ǵͷƤһķ飡
ǡǼһǿʶ
һλɻʾڵǿߣĹѾǵصĳǵķҲǿһ£
䣡
֮Уԭ֮ɫѾʧӰ٣ȡ֮һĨصĩ֮У
һ֮м۶ϣһĨֱӽ֮еλǿ߸׵İ
磡
˵м䣬ԭһ⻯Ӱγ˽ɱ֮ƣ
һλɻʾǿѾԵЩǱ
ɻûеȵǷӦֿݵĹѾǽĸ
ľ괺
ֿݵĿһԭҰΪ֮һ䣡
ǻɫսıôⰻȻֿݵĽƺҲķ羰֮У
뽣ںϣ
һֿ̣ݵĽֳĹǿһɢ
һĨɫĽƽؾһ㣬ڵִʱһεŰ
籩
һ̣һľ괺γȻͬĽ籩
ڿռ֮д󿪴ϣһٽǰ˵˼
ӵʱ䣬ֿѾֵĽǵĽƲɵ
䣡
ǰλ۳ɻʾڵǿߣѾˣҲǴӿֱ׹ڵأ
ʣµˣ˿֮Ҳ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ԭΪץһڵףǸСӹҼһļ򵥣
ɵôʱȴһжǼ
Ǹ״ʼնûж֣֪ðİ֣Ѿǽеһɵˣ
Ҫ֪ǿɻʾڵǿ߰
ƺ˵ĸǰ֮ûУǸоԼһԤеˣΪµģ
޴ɶ㰡
ϡϽ֪̫ͨӵºةˡ
һλɻʾڵǿߣ֮Ѿ¶˵֮ɫ
鿴ˣһƬɺ֮ɫ
ô꣬ѹôˣлܹ۳ǱһϢˣ
٣ܣˣ
Цһеķɽһεľ𣡣
ֿݿһһսپ
˻ԿһۣһһѾǱɱ
λɻʾڵǿߣŪĸɥ֮Ȯһһʱ̫һʳеĿⶼѾǼеߣ
ȥҲ̫һ㰡Ǽ˺۳̫³۬°
ǰ֮ǰ³еʱҲǼ˵İ
۳̫ӵµĻĻǡôЩ˵ʵ϶Ƿǳǿ
˵˭ô۳˷ͻ
һƬ֮ͻúܶ˶˱ᣡ
ɻһЩȴվԶƷͷ㣬ƺһϷ
ֻⳡϷȥûôĺÿ
ֿԭǳ֣λɻʾڵĸ֣ȻʵҲǿԡ
ʵʶȣҪ˲ֹһΣ
ټֿԭսͷǳķḻЩΪ³۬ĻʵҲûо̡̫
У
֮У⽣Ӱ
һɱ̫֮һʳǣһѾǳΪ˹עĽ㣡
׿ֿݳɱبɱ֮۳ԩ޳ȴҪأͿɾ͹ֲˣɱ
ݣ
׵£·һ㣡
еķɽѾǴλɻʾڵ壬漴һը֮ը죡
һѪλ۳ɻʾڵǿߣ׵ʧ˵֮У
ȽսֿȴҲһǰһ
˾ڱһ㣬ͬʱһҲǴһը֮
λɻʾڵǿߣָ֮䣬ѾǱնɱ̫һʳǣ
𾪣
ţ
֣
˹ۿǰս֮ˣϽǸֳһĨ֮ɫ
Ҹ۳˺һնɱ۳̫ӻˣ˾ţĴڰ
ʦ磬Ͻߡ
鿴ףҲǵǳֻǾ׼뿪֮ʣ
Զǿʶ׵İסˣ
ֿһʥϣǹȻһ




2000𺳵ĳ̫
 

У
ͳͳ˿ĿɿڴղһΪ׻ζ
ΪվڳеĶ¥֮ϵһʱ
ҲҪһﵽô³۬˵ħצ
׵˻֣ҲǾһˣ
ڿϷƺŸոտʼ
˵˭ǿ
ͳ쿴ֿݣƺҪһ۽˿͸һ￴ĸо
˿ĭһֲôţԭкְ
ˣһʵƽƽ˵ʵҪΪʲô˻׷ȻЩϺ£
ͳҲ㶣˵仰ʵҲǳҪʵġ
̶̼ӵʱ䣬նɱλɻʾڵǿߣ³۬˵Ļ»пɴ˴
ͳĻ۳¾Ҫ̤뵽۳˰СӵĵӿǷʰȻҾɱ۳ˣ
һ֮ǰ˵Ļٰ
˼ĳǰ˹ȥһĨ֮ɫδɢȥ
֮ǰС׵ļһ
һֱΪһЩ̫ˣôˡ
ʵ˵һУ
չֳʵѾиԼĻˡ
ͳǴӳ죬²Ҫɣ
Ϊʲôأ
˿ͳ΢΢һЦ
۳ǿǲ𰡣Ӧ֪۳ͱ۳ѾǴˣڶ۳񡭡
ͳ쿴ųҲĨһ˿֮ɫ
۳Ȼʲôٰ֮
ųͳ΢΢ҡͷݺĵųͳ첻᲻ɣһζ̬Բܸı״
־Զϳ
ͳ˳һƨ˹ȥֻ֮лǽĶһУ
Զʵͳ죬ϣָ۳Ƕ۳ôһ˵˭أ
⡭µϳȻ񶫷۳ʵƲӵ״̬۳ͱ۳ûĶԶ۳֣ǴʱǸϣһ۳֪²Ϊ۳ͱ۳תǹڶԸϷ۳𣿡
ͳ쿴ųĵ֮ڣ
𿴴һ˭Ҳ˭ôûأ
۳ȵĲǸ߽ǿߵʵ
۳ƣȻǶһˣϷ۳Ǵʱ룬³ȶ۳Ҫöٵġ
ѲǾ۳ͱ۳̤ɣȻΪ̫ӣǱҪΪϷ۳δǣ
˿ᶨĿųУһı䲻˾ƣȴΪԼҪһ
ͳ΢΢һ̫̾ӵ£Щвɲ֮
΢΢ҡͷͳԲӣ״ѱǲ٣ûзִ¿³çʵÿһļ֮㿴Թ𣿡
ûУСӲӹãΧ֮˵ʵҲĪⰡ
ͳ쿴ųҲǿЦһ
΢΢ͷˣųͳԿһҶ˳Σ
£ǵʵȻҸղҲǿһ£ûһﵽɵۼʵĪΪͿܹͳ³׵İɣ
ͳƺţϾɵۼɻʼѾͬһˣ
˼ҲһλɵۼǿߵĶ֣
ͳԼɵۼǿߣô֪ܲϵأ
ͳȻôţǲǶĵʲôɣ
ųͳ죬ûĶ
ͳһЦ»Ǻ°ǵӮˣҿ԰˵۶ǷͳΪá
ͳ죬֪ô꣬仰ĵһ仰
Цͳ쵱Ȼ֪ԼҪʲô
Ϸ۳Ķ֮Ѿǽ˰ȻĽ׶Σ˭Ҳ׵վӡ
ȻͳƺվԼߵģϾԼ׵ˣֻڳͳԳӺһЩѡ
ɶڳʵԵİûж٣
˳ͳ仰ȻһĻˡ
ϳҲϣܹӮҵҪһô³׵ֵߵģĪк֣
ͳ쿴ףһ˶׵ȤѾˣ
еǰ³׺³۬Ѿ֮ϣ̫һʳĿҲǼ˴˴
ż壬ǱǰһĻˣ
³۬ף˿Ѿǳ޾ɱЦһף




2001²ɱɵ
 

³۬ұͲ£ҲΪûе㣬ȴɱңھȻҹ㵱Ϊ۳ɽİ𣿡
׿³۬˿Ȼ֮ϣޱߣ
仰˵ĵ³۬Ե޹ʵҪɱԼ⻰˵ǽ۳һελˡ
³۬Цһʲô۳ֵõָֻɱһƾһ㣬ţ
ЦҺҪɱ㻤ˣֻҪɱңҲԱѣĻ۳ǿ𣿡
û˵һ仰ǽ۳ϣҲǷǳԶ
̫һʳкܶѾָָˣ
һ˵Ķ԰ʵȻȥᣬɻûɶֵ飡
ǰֻ֧һϷ۳̫ӶѣҪɱˣ
ǵģɱˣʵñɱˡھȻ˵Ҫ˼ţ̫˰
ԭ֧ͦ۳̫أڿҲǸԼ۳̫۸˵ˣ˶ѣ
һʱ䣬̫һʳǵɢ˵
³ۣ۬ɫǱһƬеɱѾΧ¶ȶ½˼֣
һԵ³׿³۬£ն񰡣ڰܻ۳ǱóѵĻҵ۳
ף㻹ĺҲ͵ͷˣԵ޹ʵɱҵ۳֮ˣΪܵ𣿡
³۬һѾһ
λɻʾڵǿ߱նɱԼܲ£
Լ߻³ڵĻҳˡ
Ҫ֪û˵Ļһжǰ׳
ԼĸԼΣʱ۳۾λã
³۬ɲǸɵӣ³׵ĴڣԲŸ˵ķ
³֪۬³ڳĻ½ľܲˡ
ô뵽ģѲɶ׾Ͳô
³۬㲻ű֮˶ѣõ۳̫Ҳֻܹڱ˵б¿ɸҵ
׵֮вϵĴ̼³۬һﲻǺܵ
ҪԼ˵ⷬ᲻оأ
³۬ɫǺ죬ŭһ³࣬ɱǣ

³۬û˵ⵥֵʱҲһĸо
ȻǷıˣ
³׿³۬£ԶһЩ
仰̫һʳ˱ŷ˺ȻЦǳĴ
³۬ݺݵĿһ³ףһԵ³Ҳһƣ
ֻǴ˿̣ﻹôйȥ³۬еôģ
ˣ
һϵڿţİס顢ֿݺף

ɵۼǿеı־̫̫֮Ĳͬˣ
ʵϾɵۼǿԼǿƿһռ䣡
ռ֮УǵսԷӳ󻯣
ĻսҲҪЩۿ۵ģֻܹ˵бˣ
ಣ
һɫâ³׵ѾǶһɽӳ֮£Եøҫۣ
ߣ۳ߣ
³׵˸źâеĽѾǶ
ݣ
һʱ䣬˵ΧҵĽѾɢף
ֿݱϾĳǿߣӵųʶ
ȻĿǰʵδﵽɵۼ𣬿ǵԤƺҪһǿ̫ˣ
³׶֮ʣƺͬʱʧĸǰ
ֻǺܿ죬³׵ѾǷһ˿ЦΪͿԶڱ۵֮УǾҪӣҲҴӦӦ
һʱ䣬֮һƬСĿռ֮Уɫâ˲Ƭ
ˣ
һԭ³׵֮Уƺ˸һһ㣡
ɫ֮ʴ³׵
⡭ôܣ
³۾ɵϴǰһиоһĲţ
֮
һʹԼľУ֮
³׵ȣһЩ࣬Ȼ𽥵Ŀʼռ
ͣ
׷ֻ֣ܹ֮³׵Ĺȴûа취ֹ
ݣ
һѾǳ׵ķϮӣһľս
׿֮ʵһ
¡
׿³׵ĹǰҲֻܹƴֵ
һѾˣ
ɵۼĹȻһ£Ķˡ
ǽٶʵ̫ˣһ˲㻮׵壬Ȼʱܣȴˣ
ۿȥ׵ؿ֮ѾһĽۣƤӣ˿Ŷһĵʹ
ȿȿȣ
׵ԼؿڣѸٷһŵҩ˵³Ȼĺܣ
³׵ֳֽڰݷƺҪԼֿݣ΢΢һЦҵСˣڵʵȻܹŷǿսʵȻǿɽȴҪڴˣǿϧˣ
³۬³ϧ֮Ľŭһ³࣬˵նɱҵ۳ͬ۳Ȩ֪ӦΣ




2002²ԣô֪߲ˣ
 

ɵۼǿߣ
ĵһ֪ɵۼǿߵĿֲ
ղŵ³ײδþȫȴѾˣΪԼ֮³׵Ļ
׶пٲľ磡
д󣡣
һ̸оԼЩдˣ
˴ΨһҪ飡
ӱʮ겻ڸӲӲԲһǵѡ񣡣
ʦ磬û°ɣ
鿴³׹ףȻҪֵȴָûκεô
³׵ĹֱӾ˵ϵֿݵһЩױϾʵ̫ˣ
ȣ飬£
׿飬¶һ˿ŹֵЦݣ
ݺݵĵͷһԵֿҲǳ
ߣ£ھԵʵǰκεıƶûôģ
³׵͸һӵĲм
˸ղնɱɻʾ˵ʱ򣬵ȷչֳ˾Եǿơ
ɵ۾ɻʾͲһεģοҲɻʾڵʵ
ܹǿնɱɻʾڵǿߣѾ˹Ŀ࿴ˣ
ҪԸɵۼǿߣôأ
һУ
ԼеķɽǷɶ˻һĳ³׵ķɱ
ƣ·Ҫ³ͬھһ㣡
ߣ
³׵¶һ˿м˿оԼѾȫƿ˾棡
Եʵ³׾Եţ
ݣ
һƣ³ҲһһѾǻ˳ȥ
Žײһ
֮бŷһǿֱΧΧ֮ˣ
ȥɵۼǿߵĳʵ̫˰
ǰղǸһնɱɻʾǿߵʱ񣬿û뵽ɵۼǿ߾Ȼ˵Ǳ
۳ȻǿޱȰة³׵ʵɲⰡ
ǻ˵⼸˵ȷеţֻϧһܲˣ
һ˿׵˵ӣһЩֳϧ
ȷղſ׵˴ɱķĳܶҲѪڣ
ֻǷڹȴһʵǾǸ۳ȥƺ³ҲǷǳҰ
䣡
֮ʣԭ֮ŵĽѾǻʧ
³Ȼ
³۬³ֱӽɱҲ΢΢һЦ
³üͷղһȻٰ˳ɵܸоЩ֣
ǼһƺǱԼˣȴȷ
һɵۼǿߣûдУԼȻܹȷ
˿̣³׵üͷѾšһ֣л̫ӵ̧
³۬΢΢һЦ³࣬ˣǾսپɣҪϻص۳ȥأ
ϳ
³׶³۬Ҳûκεİ취
˭˼̫ӵأ³֪³۬Ļһ³̳۬е۾֮λĻµʱǼͻΣˡ
ڵһУǶΪԺ·ѣ
ԼǱ۶֣
³״˿һĨȻ֮ɫΪɵ۵һţ
׺ֿݣվһ
׿³΢΢һЦ³ʵȷ̾Ϊֹҵȵȷ³Ķ֣Ȼ˵ĻǾ»սɣϣʱ³໹ܹţ
ޱȣ
׵Ļúܶ˶һľ㵣һʲô˼
⻰˼һﻹܹ˲ɣֱǿЦ
ɵۼǿǰҪܣ˭òܰ
³һ㶣漴һЦ˵ʵҵжԣ൹Ƕϧ֮İһСС𾳣Ȼ˴ʴʣ죬Ǿ߲˵ģ
ԣ³ô֪߲أ
׵һĨ֮ɫֻ³׵ЩΪȻ
ԼƤӵ£һҪߣ
³׿ˣľһĿԶеġ
ж㣡
ͳͳǶĳͳ£Ѿˣˣ
Ǻǣͳ죬ô˵Ϊʱɣײ˵˵Ժսܱ֤ܲˣ
Ҳһɻһﵽôܣ
˰죬׺ԱߵǸһҪܼǲܵ飡
ͳ΢΢һЦ£㻹Щ˵ʢ³׵ʵ֮ϣҶĽ˶£³Ӧøаˣ
΢΢һܾ̾鲻ôļأѲҵĴ
£һʵ̫ˣʵϣɽ֮ʵΪûʵߴʴʵĻǱǲˣ
ͳЦһ˿̿ףҲ΢΢ҡͷ
ƺͳ˵ûģ
Ǳ߸ͳ˵ʲôɻ˵һ룬֮ѾǳһĨ֮ɫ




2003¹ʧ
 

̫һʳǵϿգ
ڿ׵׼۳Űɱĳ
һ룬ĿɿڴһĻˣ
³׵ѿһ˿ЦݣеķɽѾǸ߸ߵľٹͷ
һ룬ɫѾˮһ㣬ڶ
ɱ죡
磡
һĨƺҪǰ˱ɽһ㣡
ֻǾɫҪ׺ֿݵһ˲䣬׺ֿ˾Ȼʧˣ
ǵģʧˣ
ȥأȥ˰
ǰȻƾʧˣ⡭ôأ
ǿɵۼǿߵĹǾȻܹ
ǵȥʲôطأѲɵۼǿߵƤӵ£Ƕܹߣ
ĻҲ̫Ĺ˰ɣ
һʱ䣬̫һʳǵϿգ֮ɫ
˿ǰһĻĿɿڴ
ֱǲ鰡ɵۼǿ߸ˣһȻܹˣ
ʵ̫ϳ˰ǰѹҲǲܹⰡ
֮ϣ
³׺³۬ɫֱ䣬˰ʵ̫ˣ
ԭѾǱΪɱˣû뵽ȻǵƤӵˡ
ⲻòһ겻ѣ
ˣ
³׵ʶ˲ɢƺѰ˵ټ
ղնɱʱЩ֣ΪûиоԼնɱ飡
ָоЩ΢ҲЩŽɣ
һΣԿԸоĳԼĹҪﵽһʧˡ
裡
һλɵۼǿ˵ܴ谡
³׵ʶΧķΧһɨÿһطûзŹ
оһʧǣȻûзЩ˵ټ
ԼƤӵ£˾Ȼʧˣ޼ƿʩ
³׵ķŭ֪ˣֱǶԼһ°
ţܿɽͻɵۼǿߣȻ˶ˡ
³۬ɫһƬ³ŭһ³࣬øһͣ
£ϳϳҲ֪ô°
³׵ɫҲÿȥǣ³۬˼Լ˲
³۬Цһ³ɵۼǿߣȻüֻèˣѲ³಻Ҫһ𣿡
£⡭
³׵ɫѿԼô
Լڹأ֪澿Ƿʲô飿
³ûзЩ˵ټ³ʵʶӦóɣ
³۬³׵ӣɫѿ˼㣡
ܴ裡
³˵ܴ裬ɶ³۬˵γأ
Ϊ۳̫ӣԼĻ˸ɱˣԭѾռ˾Եƣɻ˸ˣ
³۬Ӻڣ
۳Ӻڣ
³۬ûеطֻܹ³׵ϣ
һ˸ˣ¶ʱǺڳԸһ
۳Ȼʵǿ󣬿ԼĿ꣬Ȼǲ¶۳Ⱦָ۳Ĵ㡣
ҲΪˣǸӲܴٶԶ۳һЩ
³۬еһ·޴й
³׿³۬ӣҲǳ⼸ʵǹޱȣ£ϳܰ
ܣһܾܹ³࣬Ӧ֪ĶˣǱǶĸˣ۳ˣ
³۬ŭһ˵ⷬʵϾ͵ǲ³׵ӣ
³֮Ȼƣûа취£
̫ˣ
ڶ֪һﵽȥʲôطԼĸǰʧˣ
ǵôʧģǵʲôأ
³׻ջԼʶһһɸ飬Ҳǲһ˿˿ã
³׹£ϳ֪
ߣ³˸˰ñʧ͸س
³۬ŭһҲ뿪³ףϾȥĻСҲͲˡ
ȴ³ûκεİ취
ֻеȵص۳֮Żһ˵ɣ
׵˵ʧƺҲӵ۳ڲìܣ˿˶֪׵ΪʲôͻȻʧȥʲôط
³۬³뿪̫һʳһεľ³۬˵ʵЩף
齣˶ߣԼĻնɱ
۳Ϸ۳Ҳϴˣֱ˷۱Ľడ
³۬˻ĴϷ۳
ĻǱ˸Цˣ
޾ɷ³۬³׳۳ȥ
˿̣̫һʳըˡ




2004³ĳͬ
 

У
ͳͳĿɿڴĿǰǹһĻһĻʵЩ
̫Ĺ˰
ڻûлع
ãͳʿˮų£⡭⡭ϳʵǡ
ͳ죬һοǱӮˡ
ȻҲɻĺܣЦȴǳĿģɲİ
һ׬˰
ʵղѾǳ׵ʧȥģóͳ˵һԼϷ۳׵ĹԼĵλ
û뵽һ̣ͳƺѾҪӮˣ
һױ³նɱԼͳ֮ĶԼǾͲˣ
ɾΪ׺ֿҪ³׵ϵʱ漣ˣ
ʱĵԸӣ
ˣˣ
һ̣׵ͬѾǴﵽһǰδеĸ߶ȣ
˵׵ͬԼʵʸ
ͳ΢΢һ̾ҺհСʵһ⣬ҡҶ֪ô˵ˣôģ
ͳ죬ңһҪأϾɵۼǿ߰Ҳɻʾڣ㶼飬ܿ
Ҳû˵ͳǲ㶺ˣ
Լ׵飬ȻԼ
Ҫ֪Լʵž޴Ĳİ
ͳݸһЦ£˵ǰҲ֧һĻô֧ˣ
ŶΪǴ³׵ˣųͳЦʵ
ͳ΢΢ҡͷȻǣҾ״˲ԴʹʵҲǲܹۼôĸߣЩʵǿѲɲһ𣿡
ͳ˵ǣʵ˵Ҳ
ʱҲЩԳ˵ųͳʼ
ͳһЦºαԷƱأ
ͳ죬Ҳ˵Цʲôݣ˵ʵҶû˵֣ʵͳӦҲ֪ʵÿһƺռƣɷ·ÿһ
ҲǶҷʡˣҲ΢΢һ̾
ͳͷʵ£˵ģֻҺ´£
ͳ죬ܴôܹɳأʵײϸҵʱҶȤԽԽŨˡ۳Ϸ۳񣬼Ȼˣǵ粫һѣɹʣ
͸һ˿˿ľ⣬һƺϵ˾
ͳ£ҪҵҲ˲֮¼Ȼ׺Ҳǿͷ󰡡
ͳ˵Һγ֪ĺǾǽĵĺ˵ĺͳû־𣿵ʱ򻭻ɷȮһ÷ء
ųͳ죬͸һӵļᶨ֮ɫ
ͳ΢΢ͷ̫ӵδĴҲϷ۳δ䣬̫ӵξϣҵȶȻ׷棡
ˣлͳˣ
ͳͳ쿴û˵ʲô˵Ѿǳ׵Ľˣ
һ̣ͳϵĶԳˡ
ڳ˵ò˵Ҳһ£
ͳ쿴ų̫ӵ£׺ʧˣҲˣҿһվпܾϷ۳
ͳ˼ǣ
ųͳ죬Ҳɻʵ
ͳӦ̸Ϸ۳̫ӵӦ֪Ƹӣһսɽǿ϶ˣ
ͳѵǡ
ųͳ죬ͳȷǿԼҪܵһЩ
Ϸ۳̫һʳԼľʵЩ࣡
֪Լʱ۳Ȼʩѹʻôأ
ͳ̫ӵ¼Ȼ׺ҲҪܰ
ǰصϷ۳֮Ҳֻܹܽˣ֮ǰһû뵽һܹųȥ
˿Щˣ֪Ļߵ׺ˣ
ȥϷ۳֮󣬳ʵ̫ˡ
ͳЦŵµʱҲ벻ջأ
ݸһЦһȥ˵۳治ֳ֪ܹʲô³أ۳ɲȻʳʵ̫̫ˣ
ͳͷ̫ӵԼǣҵҪص۳ǰְ
ݺݵĵͷͳ˵ǣ׺ǺǻжϡĿǰΨһܹģ׼
һЦݺ㳯Ϸ۳ĵ۶򼲳۶ȥ
û뵽ǣһε鳹׵óı뷨
ĳѾǾ֮˵һϢ
һѣܺùһ˰ɣ
飬Ƕ
飬Ϊʲôȥأ
ܹϷ۳ĻڶԸ۳ϣֶһĲ
ֻںδ
ɵһˣΪ˲³۬³׷ϣһ·쭣Լ֪Լʲôط




2005̫һʳѡ
 

̫һʳǻʹ
̫һʳĵ۾繧һƬ㵣һԵ̫ӺҲЩҴӡ
ôˣ
繧źһԼȻʵ
ͬΪɵ۳ڵǿߣ繧ʵ֮³׻кܴĲġ
һʳ۾ܹӵɵۼʵѾܿɹˡ
繧ŵģɽȴˣ
ɻʾ˼һ𾳵ˣȻ³׵Ƥӵˣʵ˷˼
˼ûƽ
Ϊ̫һʳ̫ӣҲ̫һʳδĵ۾繧Ƕźܴġ
ҲûԼʧѾǴﵽɻʾڵʵȷ츳ǳĲ֮Լ껹ҪһЩ
ź繧µʣǡǼһʵЩ찡֮ǰ׵ļһﻹйһ֮Ե
ŶӴ
繧źüͷҲʵ
֮ǰȥԤ³ʱ򣬺йһ֮ԵʱĿһʲô
ǣ֮ǰ˵һڵʵնɱҵĻţд£
繧֮ǰʵѾ˵飬ʱҲЩ𾪣
һ֮ǿնɱһλɻʾ֮ˣȷ˺Ȼ
ɸȣǼ·С׼ˡ
̵ȷд£ҡҵʱһﲢûôû뵽ȻҸ۳ԿʵҡҺհ
ҲһĿֻţ˼۳˶ɱ
οԼһССĻʳ̫أ
֮ǰԼ̫Լˣֲм
ҪսףԼȨ
룬ҿʱ˼ûдӦԼε˿¾Լˡ
繧էһޱȣÿһ˼ܣӳĹҲҵĪ
ʿóôߵģ
ϹһĨɫɫȴöĺ繧ǳΣ
һµȣʱûп
ʾȻûпǡǸһôĿֲ
һߣ˫ҲŵЩˣ֮ǰԼģǺ޲óԼӰ
ˣ㲻ùˣЩƺǴѹĺɣ
繧źҲǳʵ
֮ǰң̫һصֵļ壬ԡ
Ҳ쳣Ļң׵ĳֿ˵ı֣
繧֪Ϸ۳̫ӵµĹϵ
⡭֪
ܹ֪˵Ĺϵأ֮ǰһһ͵ģȥϵͬһ㰡
繧΢΢һ̾һ˲ʡİû뵽һѾ˶ʮСѾͷܹ֮ơҲЩѰ˰
ʣָҡ
Ҳ˺繧˼ʵԼԼĸʣڽ鴥ǷǳĴġ
ûпԼĸΪĳһ˵ԥ
ˣһ֮ɽ綼÷ǳĻҡ
ԼĸɵۼǿߣȻҲˡ
繧̫ӵµĹϵ岻ݺҵĵϵǸ׵ĹϵƺǳĲ
ǰ⵹ǳһˣӦ֪ѡǻӰ쵽ܶ鰡
Ҳǳ
繧һңǵھڰף׸Ĺϵ΢úܣ
һ̫һʳκεľٶʱ۳ǱȻ
繧̾һ۳Ʋʣ޺ΪѰһ޳֣ʱȻȻľ̫ӵµıǩˣοһ̫ӵ̫һʳ쵽ʱҲ˵˰
ʵôĹǣ̫ӵڶƺܴͶʱ򡭡
ź繧ܶѾǲԶˡ
繧̾һ޺γ֪أԭֻ̫һʳƽȹɶѣѡѾǰ̨˰
ʣκεľ֧
˿һεĹ£ҲǱ̬ȡ
繧һЦȻᣬҲǳĳ嶯Щƺ޻ҪһЩ˵˵˼
˼ǣ̫ӵ£ʾһ£οɱ˲գۣǵʱ۸ң˼һĻ̫һʳǸӴˣȻڶģĿǰõѡˡ
ź繧
繧һּΪ󽫾ҳʮһҪ񣡣
ּ
ƺҲһ̫һʳǱԼ̬ˡ
׵һ֣Ϸ۳ѾǸű仯ˣ
úܶ˶û뵽飬ǳҲû뵽뺫繧ûл棬ȴõλʳ۾֧֡




2006ҵĳ
 

̫һʳң
ȼ˿ЩįԼҵĿ֮УЩȻ֮ɫ
ɿȼǴ˿̵Ҳǲ̫ܰ
үүǡǸһﵽ˭
ɴ˿̶ЩˣǸ׵ļһʵ̫ţˡ
Ȼ۳˶ɱ˰
ȼ֪ǴʲôطQģ۳ôһŵĻҷַӾͱ˼Ͻˣ
ȼԭʱ򣬻һʱһҪնɱԼһļһһЩɫ
أ
ȼѾǰӷ룬ҿԼûôɰ
׺ڶ̶̵ļ֮ڣɱλɻʾڵǿߣȼһûȥ
˭ܹ뵽׵ıȻİأ
֮ǰ֣ȼкֵܶҵĵط
ǰӺŮһûƹ˼ңһû˵Ҫɱ˼ң
Ҳ˼ҲԼһʶĻҾҪԼˡ
ʿˮүүǸһﱻ۳˸˲𣿡
ߣˣΪ۳˻һֱ̫һʳҪǸһͻȻô죿
ȼɺŭһʵ
үүڵĵ֮ҿ趫鰡ǿɲһ˰ȥ¾ͻɻ
ʱףΪʲôԼүү֮ǰ˵Ҫҵλˡ
ȼҶһˣҽг
үүôԺ˭ͶҰ
ɿȼЩǵʵ
ȼŭһҪͶңѲ㻹֪Ǹһݺ֮ĹϵҿŪþ¹ϵ
һεĿȼǡǸүүݺ顭
ɣ趫һ˵ҵĴӺӵһˡ
ȼһת뵽һ취
軨׷
趫ԭҵĶӣıߵҪԸңڽͻҵĻܹ
趫ҵңڻ֪ʲôأ
һ׵ĳ֣Ѿ̫һʳǶҳһˣ
ʱ֮
ϳҵĸۡʵϸղŵһĻҲǾ㵲ѣ
ʵҲŵǰ
֮ǰԼ׸ϳңȻˣҲ˵Ǹϳȥģ
ݺҲųȥˣʱճĻᶼûˡ
Ȼ˵׵ʧˣ˭֪˼ʲôʱ
Ҹҵ뷨ʵһģ۳ֲʱʱ̵̫̿һʳǵ׵˰ɣ
ȻĻǾҪΪԼĽǺ·ˡ
´֮УȼѾվſڵȴϣ
˫ĵλ˵ĻʵӦóһĻȼǿ̫һʳλһļ峤
̬ǰӭҵλӣѾܹļˡ
һȼȻӭӣҲЩ˵峤Ǹʲô
峤һҪ鰡
ȼҲ΢΢һ̾ƺЩ˼ĸо
һҲû뵽ҵ̬ȾȻ˸һٰʮȵĴת䡣
ϸϸһ룬ѾܹеԵˡ
¶һ˿Цݵ峤˵
һ֮ǰΪҵĶ趫ҵԧףҲΪֱˡʽ˵һ£鴿УԺҲԲڷƵ顭
ȼѾǳ׵Ľ̬ŵˣֱЩ֤鰡
峤壬ˣ΢΢ֵ
֮пɲôģ϶ǵˣôȫǿǸߵϵġ
ȻĻҲǿԺٻ
ڶ
ȼŭһĶ཭ѾǱһ˵ȸѹ
趫֪׷ʲô飬ͿȼԼ㡣
ҲŭĿԲĿȼ峤Ǻ⣿
ȼϵҶΪ׼ײߣҶ죬ȲҲТʲĶأȻҵˣǾдðɣ
趫㡭㾹ȻôҴȥ
ҲŭһȻ֪ΪʲôͻȻ趫ŭգ
ٴĳޣͬͬɣȻ˵Ĵ
趫֪׷ʲô飬ôҾ͸أ
趫֪һ֮ҲǾ°ͶˣⶼǺˡ




2007˱ȵ
 

ɽĳأ
׾һ棬ȥɫҰ׵ĺܣһȳ˻Ե
ʵϣʱױ³֮Ҳǿţ
ֿΪ赲³׵ĹҲ˲ˡ
ֻǺĹУֿݼľԼڼԼϵˣʹ˶֮бչˣ
׿ֿݼֲסҲǴ뿪ˣ
ʵʱΪӳ죬ҲǲѲһǰ취İ취
취ģΪ۵ģ
³ף³ȫԸӲ³һ֮ʧ˵ĸǰ
˲֪׺ֿܹӳؼһ
ĳطƾǿʶ³׵̽顣
ţ³׶׺ֿݷʱ׺ֿ֮У
ǣ׺ֿݵʱ˾ͺأһӣʹƱӵˣ
֮ʣ
ֿݺľڵΪľܹ׵õϢ
Ϊʱ̫ȣΪܵ³׵һҲǷǳأ
󲻵ѣֻܹҧԶ̫һʳǡ
ֻȴһ֪ʲôֵɽ֮У
һѹʱȴԼһڣ
֮оԼһʹǰ˿ƺһ¶о޾ʹ
ɵ۵ĹȻĹ
Ҳǲò²һ£˵ʵˡ
ǵһȾʱ򣬻ʱа
û뵽ɽ磬ԼһƷ˲һ㱻նɱζ
ҺԼӵ֮ҲҺֿݰԼֵһ£һĻһغˣ
ʵ
ᵽʵҪˣûʵ֮ǰȥ۳ʵûж
ֿݼ㾫׼³ǿеʱЩʱѾûôˣ
Ȼӳˣֻ˵Ĵʵ̫ˣ
˾ˣ˵һʧˡ
Һãӳˣ
һĻ׿ҪڵײǽˣֿҲǻԵӣˣ
ڿҪĲһָĹ̡
Ӧòܿ죬ȴҲ̫ģ
֨
׸ո׼ʱ᷿ѾǻĿˡ
̧ͷ˿ӭѾһλ
ˣ
ףҲ¶һ˿Цݣ׿Цݸоһܰ
ЩѵĹֵ࡭лȡ
ĺܣڵһգҪҲһָĹ̡
ǺǣɲҾ㣬ҵĶӾ㣬ֻȥˣŮҲЦЦҪǾһо͵˵ɡ

׿ŮЩɻʵʵֻҪʸֶѣ
ҵĶӣǸŮ
·ˣлˡһ£ǡ׿Ǹ·ˣҲɻʵ
˵ʵ֮ǰһ··ҲǷֹ۳׷
֪طʲôطˣ
·˿һʹģҲЦŵ˵Ķ֪ɽ£ڵĵ̣
ڣ
ɽ磬֮ˣ֮ǰڴʳӺڵҩʹȣҲһţ
ɽ֮ɹΪһ˵ԱȽϵ١
źɹʵû̫ʵϾӪģʽһѡ
㲻һˣ
·˿˿ҲЦЦɽ֮ȥ磬㲻ǱҲǺ飡
·˲µòһ治ߵˣʵڶ۳
Ҳûֻ̫ʱܹ¶
Ͼʲôطûиء
Ȼǰȥûʲôģɺ֮ĲУ֮ȴޣ
۳ǿʮǧﰡλôܵأ
·˶۳⼸ֵʱȻҲһ㶣
¶һ˿Цֻһƺǣǰ˿ڣ
ȥԵЩʹ࣡
·˿׵ҲǼæҪ˵ĲᣬҪ
л·ˣ֪Ϸ۳ĳжԶ׿ų·ʵ
ͦԶģϷ۳ĳҪϺԶܹ߾۳ǸһЩ
·˿΢΢һЦ
ðɣл·ָ̣ڡ
һ㶣ԼѲǷƫˣ
ʱűƿˣ߽һˣȥ׵¡




2008±ľ
 

ڣ
ڵ᷿ȥҲǱȽϵĲģһ£ԼڵӦҲǲ͵ģ
Ļһ˻òôõĶ
ֻһֱ˼̫ĶϾԼʵδָһʳʲô۶ӳĻǵʱҲ鷳²ϣ
˰
·˿Ǹ˹Ҳ¶һ˿ĵЦݣ
ƺ·˶ԼĶӻǺ簮֣
ԼĸףҾĸ״ˡ
ˣͲҪôˣȵˡ
·˿ԼĶӣϽָָһԵ׵
׼һ˿Цݵ࡭л¹ȡ
ҲɺϣлȥأһףǾԼ˵Щ̫ŰˣֵúˣҪ顣
ô˰·˿ԼĶӣЩƵʵ
һףȻĸ״ˣû£
ͲҪƭˣ㻹˽𣿡·˿ԼĶЩһĪչӣҲǳ
һ˿Цݵû£ͷİɣ
ҳ·˿ųƺЩףȻ㰲ˣµġ
׹ֵл·ˣл¹ӣ
ȥҲ俪ʼıܿԼѲΪԼ飿
ڣϾһţ
ԼһͻȻҪǲӭĻʵҲǺ顣
׵Ҳν˵Լˣһоͱ׶ˡ
Щ˺ԼߣʵҲνģ
ỳģϾ˼Լľ˲
᷿⣡
·ɫÿԼĶӵﲻ˵￴Ҳܡ
ĸ״ˣҡû¡
׻ᣬȻ˵û£ϵıȴ
㸸ײأȻոսĵӣû㸸׵İǳĺܡʲôĵ飬ʵҲġ
·˿ų۽֮Ѿһ˿ˮ
һЩ˵ĸ״ˣ䡭ʵΪ
ôˣ
·˿ԼĶӣҲǼæʵ
ұ
ǵŮҲڵĺĵ֮һһƺһЩ鷳
·Ȼ֪Լӿеıﵽ˭
һԼĶ㣬ҲǽĿԼĶʵ
ŭһ޳ֱ̫Сˣ
Ҫ˵һ֮֮ϣôܹô˵أ
·ɫһ䣬ϽȥԼӵͣ
һСˣ֮ǰҸ˵õģȴˣ
ʲô˼˵ͱĻ£
·˿ųҲɻʵ
ͷĸ״ˣ޳ǻǸʱΪֺҸ׵ʱž˵ҪҸףǸʱҲڳİɣ
ڳôˣ㲻Ǻúõ𣿡
·ʵѾǾ˲Ծȴ̫ΪķڸڲԶ᷿֮У
ԴӸ״ˣλ޳ǾһֱΪѣЩҶûи˵Ǿǰգ޳ͻȻ˵ñȥڣ
ȥǺ°ڵλţȥǱ߲иõķչ𣿡
·˻ǵʵǴ֮пԿóŭ
ԼĶίԼĸ׵ܹܵʲôطȥأ
ǰһʼҲôΪģһƴܹɡɽȴҵҡ
ô£
·ȻģϾˣȴǷǳĳţ
ȥûһ˿˿Ļң
˵˵Ҫڸ֮ӳףĵġ
޳ǾȻô·Ҳһŭ
ҲţǱ˵ģҲҲŰɣԡҽȥ޳ǡ
˫һƬɺ֮ɫȻʱһߵ״̬֮У
һȥ޳ǵ̸У˳
ȥ޳ˣ˵ٴˣκ鶼Ҫ£ֵģʱԿںأ
·˿ԼĶӣԿóҲǷǳĲܣƺӵĵԼӵİΣ
ȥģ
ˣȻѾȥˣ˵ʲôҲûˣСһЩǾ㸸ǿǺã㸸ᣬ㻹Ҫ²ɣ·
֪ˣ쳣ʹ࣬·˿ԼĶӳʵ޳˵ʲôˣ




2009
 

ĳ᷿ǰ
·ѹͣƺǲҪһеô£
ɾʱ׸ڵ᷿֮ѾǴһˤӵ
״ˡ
Լ׵᷿洫ɫһ䣡
·Ҳ̾һ㸸ȻˣʶȴڣЩˣˣȥɡ
ղų·һҪܿԼķԼһ⡣
˲ѣ˽ȥҲ֪һĸ֪¶ĲҲǷǳĲģ
ĸ׳ڲ֮ϣĵѾķǳأ
ɽ磬ܵص˺Ļǻ϶Ǻ͵йء
ΪɽҲǵ֮ˡ
Լķ˺Ͷ˽Į˵ֹĸʲôʲô鲻ܵ˵ģ
״ˣ˻ûãҡ
ԼĸףҲ֪Լĸзǳᣡ
ΪԼĸһ
ΪƵĻڵĸףأ
Լ׵֮λûˣĴҲһٽ
νǷǳı
һҵʲôϵ޳ǵ׸ô˵ģ˵
ɱˣĻָɲ̫ð
·˿ųɫѿ˼㣬ҲǸϽȰο
ڰֵ£ҵҪ޳Ǹʲô
ҧҧ״ˣʵԭǲ˵ģɲ˵ʵ̫ѹˡ֮ǰ˰ɣ
ţ͸˵ȥ޳ǣô˵ģ
ų֮вϵ˸ţƺƺŭ
һԵĳ·˵Ͻ˵ɣ㸸żˣӡ
״ˣȥ޳ǣΪʲôҪ͵ȥ˵λţﵽǱиõķչҴĻԣЩ߳ŭˡ
һ뵽޳ǵĶţ˶ˣ
ԼİŮˣҪ޸ˣĽԼôܹܵأ
ȫܲһ
߳ŭѲҶֲɣŭһʵ
ֵûУɡ˵Ļʵ̫ˣ˵⣬˵
˵˵ŶЩ˵ȥˣΪԼ׵ɫѾ˼㡣
·һ̾пܱ
˵ʲôɫ࣬ŬԼȻųŭһʵ
˵ȢŮԣҪóһƷһ𾳵ڵƷʯƸŻñ޸ң
˵˴Ҳһֱĸо
ڣһʲôţڵ޳Ҳ𾳺ڵĲΣɻʾûдﵽ
Ҳˣ
ǲὫһССŷеġ
ֽţ΢΢˫ȭͿԿó˿̵ŭ
޳ⲻΪƷ𾳽ڵƷʯһʵְ
·˿ųѾڿĿˡ
¸ĸģ
ΪԸǵһʱ䲢ûпǲ޳ǵĿѣѡ˼Щûֿԣ
ֻ֮һϣҲģ
ŭһֹΪˣ˵ģʲôʵɾڵʵ𾳶ûдﵽôȥŪ𾳵ڵѲɿڴϲ𣿡
״ˣҡ
һԼ㣬Ҳ̲סˣˮһӶ
ԼĶӵж᲻ᵯʲôһ˵޳С˵־ѣǴˣһһǽͷݣıߴǱߵ
״ˣǺûãһνصĻûȡõܹлصĻ׻һϣҲ˵أ
ԼĸףҲǲ˵
кأǺǣ˵صˮƺһЩЧɵΪô֪ܲЧΰ
΢΢һ̾ʵؿãʵߵĺܣ
һֱ⵱һͷ˵һֹӽķʽ
Ҳ֪ҲʲôЧ
·˿ų˷ǻɣ޳ǰԧ죬ǶӿǶԱ
ĺδ޷ݣж־ķҪȢﲻɣ
ףҺͱѾ˽ˣôĸأ
ųҲɫһ
ΪʵڣͲᷢˣͳ·ҲһĪչ
޳ûʵֵĿܰ
򡭡ҿ԰ǡ
ڳһ֮ڵ᷿ڴһͳ




2010¼ĳ
 

᷿֮У
һǱһĪչ޳ǿǼһﲻ
Ѿ뵽˾ľأû뵽ԭһ˳˳ԼΪʲôЩһֱôĲ˳أ
ƺԴԼĸ֮ڵĴǰЩ̫һˡ
һ׶ΣоǳĲã
ұҪȥڵ飬һĲԼ
ΪʲôףʵҲǻԵɺϣһ֪Ϣ֮󣬳Ҫȥйһ£
ɵɽ֮ȴ˵׻һԣ
ԥһ֮󣬳ջǽ׸ڣȻɽ֮˱߾Ӷࡣ
ɲÿһ˶ģܶʵǷǳʵġ
ͱ˵˱ĵؾͱȽϵҲûʲôֵֵˡ
ڿ֮ʣ˸᷿Ȼ˵
˼ͬʱ׵ķ俴˹ȥ

üͷһ壬ȻѾ֪˭˵ˡ
·˵ǡǸ˵
֮ǰµǸˣ˵ɡ
ƺ̫ܹǣΪǿһԼѱˣ
׸ղһֱ˵ǱһεʱҲǾְæ
ϾԼľˣ˱жر֮ˣ
ܿ죬ͽ̧Լ׵ķ䣬
Ȼ׿ȥĺܣΪӵŴĵҩãڵױ֮֮ǰѾҪһЩ
λӣհǱ߿ԼˣҲʵ
֡
ײδ˵Լ֣ʵԼЩ̫У
˵һʵѾˣ֮Ĳ
Ǻǣֹӣղ˵Ļ㶼ˣףһϧĸо
Ϊ˶ˣֻ˱֮ҪӵһЩҲϣ
˸ţѾˡ
ʵֻҪ΢֪ˣһе֢ǳǸ޳ǵϡ
һ˼Ҫھóûκμֵʱϵķʸ֦ˣ
ô򵥣׼Ļ
Щֲֵĸоˣ
ղֹ˵԰ǣʲô˼ֹڸǿЦɣ
׵ӣҲʲô󸻴֮ˣҲЩɻ
Ͼ޳Щֱǿˣ
һܴﵽҪأ
ţҪõһƷǼǲܵ飡
ǵΪĳҲֻӵһƷѡ
¹ĳľˣĳôܿЦأ΢΢ҡͷ
ֹӣȻˣǾӦ֪޳ʲôɣ
ףҲǳʵ
׵ͷƷڵƷʯ
ֹӣȻ㶼֪ˣӦ֪Щһô׵õģ֮ˣǷǳĽġ
ݣ
Ҳϻֱ˦һƷͼʯ
ڵڵڻûа֮ǰĶѾˣ
׽Щ˵ĸǰʱ򣬳һ˶ѾĿɿڴˡ
˵ʵôҲû뵽ǰ˾Ȼܹóôĺö
⡭Ʒ
һʶ֮ˣҪ֪û֮ǰҲڵһλǿ߰
Ȼˣʶȴڣ
ƷǼٲ˵ģ֮ɢѾó˷ܲˡ
Ӧʶ֮ˣ΢΢һЦ
һԵĳʿˮִ֡磬⡭Ǹҵ𣿡
Цŵˮ֮ӿȪ౨ο¹ӾȵҵЩ֮ῴأڵڵҵûУЩʯˣ
Ʒʯ
־Ƿǳˣ˵Щóһˣ
ִ磬лˣлˣЩҡҾܹȢˡ
˿̵ĳ쳣˷ܣôĶһҲı
ĺڴ޳ǿЩӣ
һ뵽ԼܹܿԼİŮһˣǹ˷ܾǸ˶Կó
Լӵӣ㿴˼ֹӣڿ㣿ʲôӣһ㶼ס
ףҡֻ̫ˣЩҾͿȢˣһεظ˵
ԴӻɰƵ̾һ
Ҫ˵һ˿ЦݵΪΪʳ¹ĪΪЩȥǸ޳ǾͻὫŮ޸㣿




2011һݵİ취
 

ִ磬޳Լ׿˵ģ
׵ĻЩ˵
˵ʵĳЩ棬ΪԼֻҪó˲񣬵ʱұܹ޸Լˡ
ôļ򵥣
ֹӿĿɱˣɣ
һԵĳ·Ҳǵ㸸׺ֹӰѻ˵ꡭ
׿ų¹ӣ޳ǵƷԼӦó˲񣬿µʱ򲻽Ǹ㣬ͳ·Ҳɱ֮
˼Ȼܹô˵Ѿˣ
óóôĶһóôĶ
뷨ɲԼŮ޸ЩǴģ
ʱ޳ǻ뾡취ɱ˳һңȻȡ׸ǵĲ
ɱ֮⡭ôܣҸ׿һ޳ǾĵӿҲҰɡ
ףЩʵЩΣ
һЩɸֵ˵ĲţѾ֮λʮˣѾ޳ǵƿ֮УһóôĶΪռΪУȻɱˡô򵥵ĵѲ㻹𣿡
ǡ
һߣɫ৵һ¾ͱĲҰޱȣ
ʲôŭһ
ЩƵ˵ǡҸ͡ûпˣ
硢ӢڣȻ˵ĲǺǣЦŵ¹壬Ҳ͵ֻ͡鲢ֻһİ취𣿡
ִ磬а취ҪܹҸһԺҸţ
һ׵ĻԭһƬҵ֮Ҳȼһ˿˿ϣ
װڰֵ¹ҵľˣֺţһ˵أ
·һԿ׵ֹӣлܹ֣ѾôĶˣôܹ鷳أ˵ˣǽֹӸ̧ѣʵĲҲ޴֡
Ҳɫһִ磬⡭ĸʵЩ𡣡
ǺǣˣЩ׻ҿŵ˵ɣЦŵ
һԵĳЩɻʵֹӣ֪ʲô취أ
˵ʾ֭Ҳ벻׵ʲô취ܹǰ⡣
޳ƴҪ潻漸ûпܵ飡
ô޳ҪŮĻȶҪͬɣ
ԼͬĻô˵ʲôǶǰ׳ô
ԣĺ֣˵İ취ʲô
¶һ˿ЦݵóȥӮȡұҿⲻ֮ߡ޳ͬˣʱأ
ǰһҷǳֹͬԣ޳Сˣʵ벻ʲô
ʾͬ⣬׵һͬУǰλȥԼӲӣ˼ҷǳĳ죡
һԵĳ·˵ֹԼǣ޳ǾԲܰʲôĵġѾûʲô취ŤתǬˣܹóͬʱҲܹڣһЩɣ
Ǻǣ·˵ĵЩҲ֮ǰ¹Ѿ˵ˣ޳Ϊʸ֦ǳ¹ӽڣʱ޿˵Ǹ֮ʲôĻὫ¹Ϊждأ
΢΢ҡͷ·˵ĻȻͬ
Ϊ֮ƣѾˣֻԼȨŻӸϵõı䣡
ִ磬ҲҲУǡǵӦô찡
ӶұղһΪԼûϣˡ
ֱóƷôʯһӾ͵ȼϣ
ϣոյȼȴֱ׸Ľˣ
λִ絽ʲô˼
ڼľ͸ȹϵһԼӣҲŭһСӣֹܲܵӺǰѻ˵ꣿûұͲ˻ôΰ
ףû˱ҡҲˣҲƵ˵Ա̬Ƕôļᶨ
һһıŭ
ЦŰڰֵ¹壬ΪǺ£鱾ֳ¹Ӳ𣿼Ȼ¹µľˣҾñҪһһݵİ취
һݵİ취ôأ
ף⻰˵Щˡ
һݣ
ܹѾ൱ĲˣѲ޳Ǹı⣿
ڳ򸾿Ѷȿһ㲻ԼóƷɽЩҪͰ
ɴ۾ףҲҪ׵ô˵ģ
һݵİ취ǿɾ̫ˣ
ͻȻֵף·ץһһ㡣
׵˵˵һݵİ취ǾóΪе鲻ͽ𣿡




2012
 

ķ֮У
׵һڳ˶һĿɿڴ
һֱǷϲѵĳĻ֮ҲǴʣ
Լĸ³Ϊ⻰ôоôĲʵأ
ǳһ˲ţ仰ĿŶʵ̫̫ˡ
Ѿʮˣ˵Ĳλǿǵﰡ
˲ܹκõĻͺˣ
ڵĸǰΣҲֻ̾
һϣĻҲ˵Ƿϰɣ
֮ǰһйɱ뷨ҪԼķ˿ȰĻ³֪ԼѾ˶ˡ
Ȼ˵Լ³ΪĻ˶±ˣ
ֹӣЦɲôİɣ
ף˵ĻʵЩ٩Լ
ҪǿװԼĶӵķϣĻὫ׸ˡ
˿̣ɫҲǲ̫ÿ
ʵΪʲô֮ǰͻȻҪһѡһأ
ǵȵʵָ֮Ǹ𣿺αҪʱһأ
ʵϣڹ۲⼸ʱһо㵵飡
ǾϾȻһ˿Ϣ
׻ǣƵĶû뵽һλ˺ŵˣ Щˡ
Ȼƺܵ׻ǿԸܵĳģ
ֻƺֻǱϴһ³ĽǶѣɼˣҲ׵һ˿Ȥ
ټ֮ǰǿ˵أһ׾͸ӵĸȤˣ
ҲΪʲôͻȻ廰һԭҲҪ̽һ̽һĨǴʲôطðģ
ôĶΪ˸Ц
׿ųЩЦˣ
ԼȻ˵ˣЩյİɣԼ˵ˣֱӾûˣ
Ҳܹˣˣһ˻ǺѾΣ
ֻһֱܹӵڵԭʵϾΪһĨļӳ֡
ⲻò˵Ҳһ
ֹӣѾ˶꣬ҵһܹκòɣβõĻ֮λôûأ
׳ʵһ˵Լ飬ƺҲЩˡ
һԵĳ·̴кֹӣǲ˼ҼҷΪܹܴĴ̼һᵽ¾͡
Цŵǰɣʧȥϣʱһӱ̬ܵ棡
ֹӣҪԣҲûԵڵ˶ѾƹˣջûгɹҪ֪ǿɻʾĸְ
˿е˭ܹأһ־˻
Цŵô֮꣬ȴûȫѾ漣ˡ
ֹӵ˼ǡʵ
׵һ˵һʱòʱľΣܿͻ񻨶һĿήˡǳⵤ֮ȴ֪ͬǷõʲô
⡭⻹ûС
ʾ֭˰죬Ҳûνʲô
˵ʵڶǰͰ࣬ʲô
ЩˣŶˣ֮ǰ¹ʱ˵һطСʲôţ
׹ʵʵ϶һЩȤ
ִ˵أʵ
ôְɣղҺ˵ƺܹβ׿ųɻʵ
Ǻǣֹ֪أʵûн֮ǰˣطڵĺɽѾӡˣֻбڵܹС
ҲЦŽ͵
ԭˣŨǸ֮𣿡ʵ
ǡǡ෴ʵЩĺܣûκεˣǶ֮һҪǿ٣ȻҲ֪ô£
Ҳǿʼ˵Ҳ֪صô
̾һôأҵܹһֱݵĻĻָЧأ
΢΢ҡͷΪ֪ܲصãصһνȥ֮󣬵ȷЩôɵڶԺ󼸺Чͬ㡣ڼǽȥΪأ
ϲػһصĵط
֮ǰſʶȴûҵص䣬ԭǱˡ
ڣӵƶҪָʱҪǲǸԼĲ࣡
΢΢һЦˣлĻҵҪȥһҪĻƳĲ顣ǳΪָܹһ¥Ļʱ֮λǿԶİɣ
ԭڵ֮λҴ޳ǣʵָʱҪû֮λҲ£ֻⵤ
üͷԼѾǲκεϣˣ
΢΢һЦɣȻ᷿֮ˣƺת֮а취Ϊơ
׻ص᷿֮УҪָԼʵ
ȵʵָˣǸʱƶ˵ʲô




2013Сͻ
 

ڵ᷿֮У
û˹ţ˿̵Ҳǽ֮н
ϾڵʱԶҪͺܶ࣬Ҳܹٻָһɱ
ڣ
ֿǱ߲ϵĻָţ֮ǰȣڵƺѾǻָ˲٣
ӦûҪһЩ̲ܹ׵Ļָ
ɵۼǿߵĹȷڲͬ
λǴ˵еɵۼǿߣôأ
³׶սһ̣ǵʵȷǵ۳λة˵ġ
ϥ
ѭ
׾Ǳߣ֮еľϵıˢԭЩľҲʼĹ
һһ졭
׷·޾ĵȴвϵĻһḶ́
ڵĻĳѾǰͲס˰ɣ
֮׵ǻָ߰˰ˣ˿δ뿪
ˣ
׵ǰһ֮̽ǰ³еõǿ֮ľѾǳϣ
֮ľ
׵Ҳ͸һӵľϲ֮ɫȻ֮ǰѾȷⶫŻеĶ
ĸܵһӴ֮Ǽ֣

ûжһεĿʼԼ֮ã
һڣҲĲУܾûôһˣ
ƺƽһ㣬׵֮صţ
ɲͬϵĳˢ׵ľĹԵ쳣
£
һ˵ĻûȻɽ֮ܳҲǷǳĴġ
һ꣬꣬ꡭ
ʱͣЪȴһֱڽ˫ۣ˿̵ֿݶѾȫĻָˣ
׵ӣҲһĲ죡
飬ʥأֿݿ׸ǰĻ֮ľҲɫ˵
΢΢һЦǰҸоʦŬͻأķ֣ͻӦҪ׺ܶˣ
ֿݿɻʵ
Цŵ⻹ǲýͣԺ֪ˡʦÿһεĽЩʯƾĸоÿһͻ֮ʵһʵķԾ
׺һ˻ǲһģ
ϾȻǰûм¼ѭİ
лһǴĵѾҪͻˣǾͻؾһ
ֿ΢΢һ̾ʥϻĺܰҵѡȷˣ
һֵ˵ֿݣڻŲȷѡ񰡣ɵۼ𲻹ֻһ֮ң
˵Ҳǣףʥжˡ
ֿݸҪ˵Щʲô˿̵ȴѾжˣ
ˣ
һ󾫹ⱬ׵۾˲
ԭ·Ļ֮ľ˿Ҳ˰֮Уһۿɼİɫ׵ϰ
ƣ
׵ͳŭţѿڶʱ˵ҲǴһž
ڴʱϾȻҲǷڳһЩɫ۹ȥЩˣ
ܿ죬ױ㽫ԼϵЩŪ֮ȴĨһ˿˿ϲɫ
ͻˣ
ײͻжôѣΪһֱɻʾ۷壬ͻƶû̫ϰġ
Ψһϰ¾ѷ㹻Ļ
׿ܹӲĲϵͻƣжԴ
֪Լϰ¾ͻڴɻʾɵ۾ؿ档
۷壡
һͻƣڸоԼ֮֮ǰҪӵǿᡣ
žͻƣ˻³
Ҫ֪ÿһξͻƣ൱һѪһ㡣
ʦ磬ϲ鹰Цŵ
һԵֿݺͳҲǸϽϲϲʥͻơ
׿ż˵Щϧ֮ľЩٰ
˵ǰĻҪͻ϶Ƿǳĸˡ
ȴһˣ۳Ѿǳ׵˺ˣץʱĻʱ»Ľ֡
ɲϣĽ˲ƿԼУҲĻŰ
ʦ磬ⶫֻǻԵɺϰźʵԽԽǿᣬͻҪԽԽడ
ʵҲЩǣҲԴĻͻƾǸⰡ
˵ʵڽӽźأͻǵģ
΢΢һЦİɣܻĲ𣿡
ͷʦԼģǾİʲôط
ڣҲ֪ʲôط֮ǰ³׽֮ҲǻһԵɽ֮Уһȡ
׽򵥵Ľһ飬Щ
ĲǱģ׿˵أΪҲоصĲ֮ͬ




2014øĳ
 

ڣڵ᷿֮У
׽᷿Ѿµʱˣ˿ѾǶȹ˶ʮʱ䣡
ôʱ䣬ôܻͻأ
ʵϣһδ𾳽ͻƵڣôһʱҲǷǳĲˡ
𾳽µͻƣ˵治ʲô£
ڵ֮Եķͻķѵʱ伸ǳֳαġ
򸾺ͳԭڵȴףɿôʱ䲻Ҳͱߵȱ߸Լˡ
żҲûκεİ취
Ϊ֮ǰ˵Բܹ᷿֮дţԳ˼Ҫȥ󶼷ˡ
Ȼˣµʱһ˵ʵ
ֻڳһҶڵ׵ϢԵЩĸо
֨
·ɨŵأʱһ˿ĶȵͷȥʱЦеվ
ֹӣȬˣ
·˿ף֮Ҳǳ˼֮ɫ
ҽΣҲȬˣǲ˵ҽǲ
׿ų·΢΢һЦţҲǻָıȽϿ죬ô
ӣϳһֱֹأ
·һеϣǼ׵ϣʵóƷһ̣Ƕˡ
Ȼһ˲ûѯ׵ݺͳ˼ȳ֣һЩСط
΢΢ͷ²˳٣ȻңҲܹóʧ
ҪҪ֪ͨ·ʵ
ʱ˰ɣӦҲҪһʱģʱ¹˵Ҳأ
׿ų·Цŵʵҽγʲô£
ڳҲûκεӰ죡
᷿ڣ
˽Ҳһļ
ȻҽԼûб̫ϣֻҪϣǺõĲǣ
·ˣſڿһ£ҽεĹò˴ţ׿ų·˳
·ɫµĵͷôأ
׵ֹӣۡھͿʼˣ׼׼
ԿʼˣֻҪĵȴɣ΢΢һЦ
ݣ
δ䣬еĽѾǳУ
ĶеĽ룬ҲҪ׵ôҽԼģ
ܿ죬öû˳ͷ֮ϣ
һĸоڳϲϵĴҲһĿף
һо
ҪѾǱ÷ǳˡ
ôˣҲֻܹˡ
ˣ
ϿգһͨеĽ룬뵽˳֮Уܿǿ·ȷһ㣬ֱ˳ų֮еľ˵֮

ĵѾǱסˣڵΧزϵţ
ףƺһ㰡ֹӡ
𾪲ѣ֪׵ʹʲôֶΣ
оԼĵƺһ㣡
ֻ֪ⲻǼѣ
ס˵൱ڸΧΧһϣóһִ
׳ȥĻǵһεγľ棡
ҪóָǱĻ֮ϣһϵͻƣܹ޸ĵ
֮ǰؕD̫һοԭҲǴóʵҲһȵ
ЩӦùĵ飬ŵҩȫԸɻʾ
׵˲ŵҩһűɻԪ
һŵҩҲǳŨҵŵҩ˲óڵﵽһֵ
ɻʾ
һӴżдɵˣֹ˵ĲǺɣ
һ룬۾Ѿǵɵϴôˣһθܵۻڲϵıڣ

һ̾һλĺͯһ㣬׵ָ㲻ϵĳµľ磡
ʱһһĹȥˣһֱ֧ţ
ڳûͻ֮ǰҪֻһǾǻסһĵ
һͻƣʱԼֻҪȥ֮Ǳ󹦸ˡ
ֻҪͻƵɻʾҲǻᷢ츲صı仯
ʱܣҲʱˣ
֮УϵĳˢŸһһֵĳЩҲǱñ֮ǰ׳һֹ
˿̣ĵ֮Ҳǽű仯ɻԪó˿Ĵ⣡
飡
һ֮׵۾еĽҲѾֳ룬ʧӰ٣
ųı仯Ҳ¶һ˿Цݣ




2015¿ϲĸ
 

᷿⣡
Ѿ˺Щˣһȳ嶯Ҫȥ浽׷ʲô飿
·˿ԼĶ˽ӣʵıԼĶҲѶã
Լûı£ȫϣѾǼ׵ϣ
ʱѲɻҪȥ˼
ΪǽȥĻǿҲҪھһӵġ
·˳ԼĶӵܲһЩֹھĸףҽ˲κ˽ȥ
ĸ״ˣǾ߸ɵţⶼȥһµʱ˰
żĺܣÿſڻȥ
ڶ˵ÿһ춼Ǽ尾һ㣡
ʵҪȥʲôҪ׺Լĸ׵ʲô
ôʱأ
·һ֣ǳ⣬㵱𣿡
ĸ״ˣҡҡ
ɫ൱ѿлЩѣϾԼĸס
һҪǳʲôĻʱôأ
·ȻҲǵǲѣڻ˼ֹӣѾûκεıҪˡ
ڳ·˿ԼķҲûκεĽ˼ƾʲôԼķأ
˵ˣ˼ôԴԼķʲôûУ
˼ͼʲôأ
·˲ûҪԼҷԣջǱԼųˡ
²ѡ߸߹
ϵԼʱǾǹˡ
·˵ˣܹģҲĵȴˡ
ĬĬĵͷһǱܼ尾
ֻҪ׺ԼĸһûгǾһ첻ᰲġ
ʵϣ·˺ͳ֪ʵƸҪôʱ䡣
ĿɲƣǴﵽõЧ
ʱһһĹȥˣ
ת֮䣬µʱһζ£ȷеģ
᷿ǰ
ÿͳ·˶ػߣϣĳһܹ򿪡
ϣĳһ̣վԼĸǰ¶Цݣ
ɼÿӭĶϣɵĶʧ
أ
᷿֮Уһȭͷӵ쳹Ժ䣡
ͳ·ǰһǼҪȥˣ
ţ
·ʱ̻סˣԼĶӸǰ
ЩһĿԼĸ׵ĸ״ˣҡһҪȥ浽׷ʲô飿״Ѿûг˰
֣֮ǰֹԼ˵ʱ򣬲Ҳǻµʱж˵һаò𣿡
·ʵҲϰµģ֪浽׷ʲô飿
̵ܹסǰ㸡꣡
飡
Լĸףֱһƿ˴ţ·ҪŭʱȴѾסˣ
Ŵ򿪵һ̣·˺ͳǱߣ
⡭⡭״վˣ
Լĸ״˿վ棬ȥƺ֮ǰЩһˡ
ųһֹ֮ǰǲҪʲô
״ˣҡֻǵİΣ
ĭԼĸӣӶЩ΢΢Ĳˡ
ϸֵһϲ֮ɫѾԱˡ
׿˿·˺ͳǵҲ⣬ҲҲˣ
ףֵֹӣܳĳһݣ
˵Ҫ£
ҡҡͷҿɾҪ˰¹ӾһֻǾ֮Ͷѣ
ֹ˵ﻰǾ¼ҰûĻҡ
˵Щʣı
Ҫ֪һײκԼĲԼͻƵɻʾڵʵ
һ뵽֮ǰ޳ǶԼӵ֣ĳһũūĸо
λ׵ǾȵģԺҾͲҪ˵Щ׵Ļˡ׿ų¼˵
ΪԼĻôóɻԪأ
ΪأԼѲɸ߾ͽȥ
·һϲôˣǿԼķ¶˿ĵЦݡ

˼֮ʣſһѾǴ˵ĶУ
һɱһ˳ȥ
ͳ·˼ͬʱڵףôˣ
·̾һǰһΣҪ̽ģֻڸֹơٹһӾȥˣҿЩһΪ飬Ϊ顭
΢΢ͷֹӣҪȻһȥ
ĳ˿׵Ѿˡ
˳˹ȥͿһ񾲵ŮӸӵδСһ㣡




2016ĳ
 

¼ҵԺڣһСӵȥЩĸо
׿ųұˣҲǳų΢΢һЦδĶϱǲ
޳ȣȷǸ¶겻ĺúӣ
Ҳ΢΢һ̾
΢΢ͷȻôõĶϱӦȥװ
ֹԼǣдⰡ
ôһ㣬Ҳ΢΢һЦȷһķ
ŵľܹҵһìܵı㣡
׽ֻƬܹì⵹һĻᣡ
ݼ·ˡ
ұͳƺҲǸо˵Ŀ⣬ܿұ﹪ų򸾵
ұ֮УҲǿԿóһĨ֮顣
Ͼö˶˵վĸǰҲû뵽飡
¶һ˿ͰЦݵﰡҪȥˣ
ǵģҵҪȥҸȥ
ұ￴ųҲһΪѵ˵
ЦŵӦ֪Ҹ㸸޳ǵԼɣҲӦʱ˰ɣǺǡ
¡ҡҵ
ұһ뵽飬Щ̫ˡ
Լĸ׳Ļô˰ԧأ
ұΪʲô˹ܵ滨ģ
һвǰԼĸ
ԼĸسŵԼ޸Ļﻹôأ
ұﲻûзķͽ͵ģ
ڰֵҸ޳֮飬ûκεĹϵͰĵĵż޸ˡҾȥ޳ȥ
򲻿ɡ
ұһҪôϽǰֹ
ұֹԼĸǰȥףҲɫһ㡭ʲô˼ѲҲҪ𣿡
ŭһСӣ㲻ҪСһʶ˵˵ô£
ұһȻʵƺ𣿡
Ѿûʲôˡ΢΢һЦ
ұͷһΪҵڵ̸飬͵͵ܵģ֮ǰһֱǱҵԺ档
ڵˣʲôģ
üͷ΢壬ǿұѯʵ
ұҲ²ĲĻӦΪҵģҲЩûпעҵĹҲܳġһҪһҪ̽һ³˵ֹڰء
 ղֹǲΪڵڣ΢΢һЦʵ
ĳʵ֮ʤһ
ڵǿǰǿ󣬸οһλôصֹأ
ұͷǰƸոոԭǱҵЩ֪Ļʱ¡
·˿һԵĳǰҾñ˵ĺеϾֻһˣҪԵĿڣڰҿǻһȨ֮ưɣ
һԵЦŵɷΪΪȻָԼļ˶˵Ļҿ粻ָĺء
ֹ˵ߣ
׵ĻҲһȻ˵Ҫ޳ǣ
˵ˣʵռĲ
޳Լô˵棬˵ҪԼŮ޸ԼĶӣ
Ҫˣ
ЦһڷѾˣ
״ˣǧ嶯
˵ʵڳ֮⣬֮˶ͬô嶯뷨
ȥ޳ףⲻǴ޳ǵ
ΪڵǰĻǸӵĶˣ
ο޳ѾҪԼŮ޸ڸ֮ӣڳôðƻļƻܲģ
㻹벻Ȣˣһ
ųֿ˿׵״ˣֹӣͶڵߣǵǡ
һԵĳ·Ҳ̵ǰǰǻҪӳ鰡
չֳŨŨ֮ɫЦһߣ޳һǲɡ
˵꣬˵Ŀ⣬ֱӳ˹ȥ
һ˵ȿųš͵ƢˣҲֻܹȥˡ
ӳɫԿóǶһγĳ嶯Ϊǳĵǣ
һ·ϣĳڵĺ䶯
ǵȺҲԽԽ࣬ųķ˹ȥָָܶĿʼΧ
˽û뵽˾Ȼˣҿȥ͵ӡ
£ƺҪˡ




2017֮
 


˿޳ڽӴڵĻڳС
ڴ棬һһƷ㣬ȥ˵Ц
ΪλţһڳϵĵλʵϸڵѾûжĲˡ
λŵϾһ֮Ҳǻĸӣ
˵ˣһй޳ǻǷǳĿģΪģΪ޳֮ŮұпܻΪڸ¡Ķϱ
¡ĶἾƺ޳ǵŮжӣ
һйʵҲΪġ
ϣղ˵ĺˡ
޳ǿУҲֿһ˿Ц
п޳ǵḱصҸ仰СڵһУḱѾǰźˡֻСڣʱͻᰲṫӺСĴ顭
ŶϷˣЩʯĳһЩЦɣ
޳ǿУͳһöָݸУ
еһӣöָѾʧ޳ǵУҲ¶һ˿Цݣ
йһЦǿȻĳˣĳôܹľأ
޳Цŵϣ޿ҿֻܹܹչһƤŮ˰
˵ﻰСϻ쳣ȥҲκ˲ġҪ˵չ˵Ļʱ»СչҲǰ
п˵˵ֶ̣ʱȻҲǺûˣ
ϣ֪ʱ̰޳ǿЦʵ
гƬ̵һ磬ұС뿪ɣḱṫӶϣСܹڡ
޳ǣҳ
лδ䣬޳ǸҪ׼˵Щʲôʱ򣬴֮һһ˵Ķը죡
޳ǺжһֻۣһӰѾǴ룡
޳ǿΪ֮˵ʱҲһ
㡭㡭
޳¶֮ɫôҲû뵽ǸôļһﾹȻö֮վԼĸǰ
̫˼˰
һԵȻҲʶųͻȻ֣Цһôˣ
ϣþò
УҲ̧ͷǴ˸к
޳ǿԼŮͳĶһ𣬶滹ųķ˺һûмļһҲɫĿ£
ڹϣû뵽ƾȻˣ
޳ڵһһɲõԤУųڸҪ̣°ɣ
޳ǣֻһ仰
޳ǣһҪ֮λ
޳ǲԧĻĲ˼ȥ޳ǵλãϾʱǶŮ׼Ҳ
ƺһвǰճһֱ⣡
޳˵ˣʲôҸϽ̸˵Ӧ֪ڵĻڳϣ㲻𣿡
޳Ȼ֪һΪʲô
ڳ޳ǷѾ˼İḱĹӸԼŮ棬ḱĹӿԼŮ
ôΪͷԼľӪôõļƻأ

޳ѾˣΪܹԼŮΪĶϱԺķչкôġ
ԼŮѾ˻֦ͷˣôԼŮ޸أ
ἾṫӾܹ
һλŵĸ֮ӣɻʾǿߵĶӣһ˶꣬ûκελĳĶӣ
а
пųҲ¶һ˿ڵڲìܣɵñ֮˵ڽḱ顭
в֮
΢΢һЦϣ֪һιΪ°
ȻΪСḱĹἾȵг
޳ǳҾڵŮＴҪḱĹӳףأ
޳ǵ仰ʵϾųҪеĸǰ˵
ʱһʲô۶ӵĻļƻ¾ˣ
״ḱߣôܹ׵ķأ
˵ḱδĵһѡˣĸḱΪ׼ҵĻǵʱԼڵĵϺߣ
޳ǺУһЦϣɱһƭˣŮѾҶӡ
֪˵ʲô𣿡
ɫһ䣬һʱƺЩ




2018ƫܵ
 

⣡
˿ѾǾۼ˲ٵˣܶ˶Ǳſֵ̬ڿķ
µͨŵӣ
˶ҪΪʲôͻȻܶ˶Ǿ֣
ֵķ´
޳ҪЩˣҲ֪ҪЩ˼ǲܵġ
ⲻӵԵԼй
ָָ㣬޳ķŭѣѾ粻ƫƫʱǲǴĵģ
޳Щܲ˵ǣԼŮȻҲУ
Ů
ڿȫһջ޳ǸоԼʧܣŮȻԼһģ
ԭ֪Ҫʲôɵ˵֮Ҳһ
һǷ
ղԼѾ˵ұḱĹӵĻ£֮ǰ޳ǸлԼҲӦʱưɣ
û˵ȫԲᣡ
ڳȻ˵ˣҲڵʲô֪ˣ
еüͷ𣬱Ͼ֪飬ͱҪŪʱκḱ¶ҪԼͷˡ
ϣҵȻ֪˵ʲôȮף޳ֻڵһڳ϶ѣΪ⣬ټ޳ھ֮ҵʱŴӦû뵽
ɫȻɵģ
ʵ֪˵ʵϾ˼Ҹҵô˵˵Ͽȷˡ
ǳ֮ΰ
һḱԼǾҪұߵģûɵĺõĻḱʱôԼ
ڳҲֻܹ˽ˡ
п޳ǳ֪Ǽ٣
ϣȻƺ֮Ե棬Ҳ˰
޳ЦһʱȻܳϵģҲûзԼ˵顣
Ͼһ飬ܹܿġ
޳ҲǼԵ˵ҪͽһĻ
ڳѾûκεôˣҲҪڰͽˣʱ˵ԼǾƺ֮ԣǵҲǷ޳ǵһ磡
ףôأʱǵô˵˵Ļ
ұＱˣһƺ֮ԾܹЩ
޳һԼ᷿ȥû飡
п˿޳ǣֿ˿˵ⲻľƺ֮ԣƺ֮ҿ㻹°ɡ
Ҿ֪޳ǻô˵Ǿƺ֮ԣΪʱܱһųϷˣ
Ŀ֮¶һ˿⣬Ȼ޳㣬֮λͱҪˣ
㻹ΪڻڵҪҲڵ
޳ЦһԼ°
ڳĻѾǶˡ
пųһЦʶʱΪܣϣܹ顣ϿǷḱǰСġ
˿еϣӦý󵽰ɣ
ô˵ǲˣпųʵ
ϻǻ˵Цڵҳĳôܹأֻǹغӵ⣬Ǳˣưոݣ
ȻҪڣѾĵزɹܲôˡ
ΪɻʾǿߵĳȻҲĵ
޳ǿгϣڵļ£Ȼʶ̧٣ȻҪŻ֤
Ȼڵļ£Ȼǲʣ̬ȣʵϾڰ޳ǡ
һԿĳ
֪޳ǺһǻΪڵԼôĺ۸أ
Цһгϡ
һУҳϿҲ԰ˡЦһ
΢΢ҡͷϣҲֻҪ֤ԭڵֻΪˣŽ֮λʱĴ޳Ƕѡ
ʲôʱǡ޳ǿųŭһ
һЦ˵ʱʱģʽ֮λ㣿ǲǱڵľƺ֮԰ˣϺ޳Լ˵һƺ֮ôܹأ
㡭㡭
޳һʱ侹ȻЩˣû뵽Ȼ˵޳ܣ
ʵҲ룬ΪղôԱ֮ʩأ
Ȼϲѿ֮Цһһ޳ǼȻ˵˵Ǿֱӵķʽ֮λĹˣ
ϵ˼ǡ޳һжԼüŪۣҲʵ
ȻλִһʣҿλһϸԾ֮еŵӶûɣϾλι
¶һ˿ײЦݣֻô˵ʵϻڰ޳ǣ




2019¾Ȼɻʾ
 

֮ϣ
еһϯõһƱ˶ˣ
Ҫ鰡ʵ޳ǵ飬ܶ˶֪Ϊ
Ͼ֮޳Ϊδ׼ңȻȻܵ˳ʶ
޳ǵ굱ҪԼŮ޸Ҳ֪ģ
û뵽ھȻĿɳҲ겻ѣ
û뵽ⶪ˶˰
ǰһǰһλŮ׼Ŀɳ˿
ҿʤ㲻󣬾һǰһ˵ڴء
Ȼ֪λָģոջָҪս𣿡
ڵһǸһ·ϵģֻܿϷˣ
һ˿ųڴ֮ϵĽ֮һҲҡͷѣ
ʵ˭˵ν飡
Ҳֲǲ
˻ǿ޳ǣϾ޳ڸڵĹϵڼϻڵһ԰æʤƺѾǶˡ
пųɫǷƵ
ʵҲЩͻȻ֮ĳ֣Ƶôܹ޳أ
޳ҲЩݣȻ޳Ǹͬһսˣ
ֻҲֻܹ޳ˣϾһпδḱ׼ҡ
ͳһ㣬ĻʱḱҲǳԲģ
иܶ˵뷨ʵһģ޳һֱǱѾ۷ǿˡ
ȻҲ۷ǿߣôһֱδܷݳ
һ˳޳ֻҪ˳ʱ鲻ɵĽ
֪ڽΨһİ취ˣ
ֻҪ޳ӮˣһоͶ˵ˣ
У¶һ˿Цݵд⣡
޳ЦһȻ˵ĻǾһսʤɣ
޳ԼţʵֻйоأԴԼΪ֮ԴĽҲǷɿģ
ҲȻҪĻɲ飡
һʼǸ
׵˼ɲ棬һĳԼķչҲ¶һ˿Цݣ
ΨһȤģ¾浽ʲôˣ
ڵ̨֮ϣ
վ̨룬޳Ƿֱҡ
·˺ͳ˶ǽĿ̨֮ϵĳ󲡳ܲأ
ĸ״ˣǡ
֮г˵֮ɫ֪Լԣû뵽ԼĸڻΪԼһҲۿ֮кˮ
·Ҳ۾һ㸸ոջָ»޳ǵĶְ
ĸ״ˣҪҪȻøɣڴӳ飡
ų·ˣϹ֮ɫ
һԵ΢΢һЦİɣģ
ֹӣô֪·׵ĻҲǺһЩ
Ϊ˵ĻϾվ̨ԡѪɱĿԼķҲԼϣ
һԵĳҲ׵ּеʵִ磬ҸĲ䣿
ݸһЦҿڵҪǸ޳ˡ
һԵұɫӵĿ̨ϣȻԼĸԶţԼһƷһ㡣
վԼĸײǣ
̨֮ϣ
Ѿ뿪̨룬ֻʣ³޳ŭĿӣ
ݣ
ûκε޳ǵķɽѾǳʣһ־ɱУƺκεĻᣡ

̨֮ѾһƬӰ֣ƺһ̾Ҫ˺һ㣡

һײ˵ĶУܶ˶ǽŵĿ̨ϵһУ
غ޳ǵҲǿһ£
ʵ̫ˣվԭؼûжԼļѾǱˣ
ˣ
޳ǵΧһɹʵһᣬ뵽޳ǵ֮У
Ŀ¶׹⣬¶
޳ǿųҲֿһ˿̵ЦݵȻҪǿɹֲˣ
ֻĺһ˿ȴѾǶһƷɽ
ãƷɽ
е֮¶һ˿ľ֮ɫҲֻһƷ
ҪֹȴѾǳˣ
ݣ
޳ǻδӰѾʧԭأһе۾ǵɵĹԲ
Ȼɻʾ
е΢΢鴤һ£ɫѾǳ׵ıˣ
䣡
лδ֮ʣѾǻһ⣬ֱӴ޳ǵ壡

һ֮󣬳һһվ̨࣬޳Ǵ˿۾յĹԲƺԸǰһС




2020³ı
 

䣡
޳ǺȻ£һ̶סˣ
Ƕû׹ô£
·˺ͳĿɿڴĿǰһУȻ֪޳ǵʵġ
Ϊ֪޳ǵʵǲŻֳϵľ֮ɫ
Ҫ֪޳Ҳǽ𾳽ܳʱˣû뵽󲡳ĳȻһͺɱǰλ
޳ǵﱻ٣˷·һӲʮӣһԵұɵˣ
ϾԼĸףұһӾͱȥ
ͳ·ҲǸϽȥĿ޳ǵ޳ǣڱϣ㲻
࣡
һԵк֮һĭ
˶ˣɻʾǿߣ
û뵽ھȻһλɻʾǿߣһӶ֪Ӧôźˣ
޳ǷˣпųԭϾȻӲļһ˿Цݵϲٵ֮λ
μˣ
лδ֮ʣԭսһ˵Ҳͳͳ¹
񲻹ǳϲϣѾΪ˶֡
ȻǱ߻бڳһεĳΪǵ
޳ǱϣǿƸһѲɻ˵
ɨһ۵λŵʽڣϣλܹΪһεĴٹ⣡

һЩҴΪһǷƺЩͬˡ
תͷеϡ
µԸ
ҲЩ°֮ǰѳҪΪݣʵ޳ǲಮ٣
˼ת˲֮ϵ޳ǣʲôŵĵأ
һ鲻ãֱնɱԼǵʱԼ˭˵ȥأ
ȻҲ֪ĸʲ󣬿һķأ
΢΢һЦϣҶˣһεӦҲˣ޳뱾˵ŵ鷢ˡҶͱĻ£Ӧ֪ôȥḱ˵˰ɣ
֪֪
Ȼ֪ô˵ɲȥô˵̬ȷǳõġ
ʵҲһЩ֮ɫѾزҲûκεİ취ˡ
һԼĶӣһڣ
ҲֻܹһһˣѲĿԼĶ
΢΢ֵұ㲻ˣϾոս֮λŻһġ
л𼱻ǵ뿪ˣֻ뿪֮ǰ֮ҲǴһĨ⣡
˵ĲḱӣѲḱŹһ
գò˶ҲͲôˡ
һģ
ͳ·һ԰οұûиϾɱ
˵޳СˣɱҲûκεĿϧ
ϾԼδϱϵɱ֮ұҲһִ
棬Ҳδһ£

һλصߵʱ֮⣬Ѿǿһˣ
ֹӣܳĳһݣ
һξǷĵģԼܹվܹ޳ΪԼҲΪԼĶӳڶһв״
װڰֵһнһҾ˳һҲƱɣǺǣȻˣҲ˵֮ԭӦôһԵֲ𣿡
ֹ˵ǣЦЦ޳ǵĴָ֮óһöƼֹӣ֮ǰһֱغܸȤͨصԿס
ƺڵġ׸Ҫһ£ѾǴ׵ĻȻڵĶʵûʲôİ˵ôҪĻͱڵ˸ռ𣿡
뷨ʵҲǶԵģѾǱڵ˷ȥо˺ܶˡ
һֱڶûоһ
ЦŵҵҲǶЩϡŹֵĶȤ
ֹܹصܣҲֹӸԵֲ𣿡
˵ֱ꣬ӽе˦ף
Ҳǿ͸ˣ˼ԼһƷɽֵԵ̫Ķˡ
ڼϻмƷʯѲЩֲһ
οҲǳΪһֱʽɣ
׽ӹƣҲǹֵ˱лܹ׵ĺ֮ˡ
ֹӻҿҵľˣôĺöҲûʲôñֹӵģֻϣֹܹЩɣؾںɽԼȥһ𣿡
ѯʵʵ׼ȻȤǾȥ£
ô˶ûоĶѲһ˾ܹо
Ҷо͸˼ֹأ




2021½
 

ںɽ
ײδóһͬǰһǳոմ󲡳ֽλãҲǾóʵûж
һ·ۣ׵ʶҲǲϵɨ·
ܿ죬㿴ǰԶһ󷨣󷨿ȥЩȻγɵġ
һ壬Ȼɣ
׵ʶ㹻ǿһ㻹ûע⵽
񹤣
Ҳò̾ɽ˱ڵʷϿ϶ǵܡ
󷨣ɻʾǿߣҲѲ˴
Ŀ
Ѱ֮˿ȥﲻһƬ޾ɭֶѣ
֪ⲻ󷨵Ŀֻ֮Ҫƿ󷨵ĽƣŻỹԭʵľ󣡣
ʱ˳ôʱĻָҲԵͣ
ʦ磬Ѿоһ˿ڲͬ
鿴ףҲ¶һŴпȥ쳣˷ܣ
׿ЦŵǺǣҵĸо࣬ǽȥ֪𣿡
ٺһЦǸоڲͬһأʦжǶԵģطȷпҪĶ
˿ڿ飬ĿѾǽĶǰ󷨣Ѱ󷨵ڣ
ֱӽƷһ鿴ƼΪ۵ʯ֮ϣԭһƬ޾ɭѾʧȡ֮ľȻһȪˮĳ
ȥǺܴ󣬿ɢŨ׺һĿɿڴ
ԭǽߵʱ򣬾ѾǸоһ˿ζ
ƺֻһЩޡ
ǿ󷨵ʱ򣬲ŷˮкһ㣬ע
ʦ磬󱦲ذ
˾ɳĮ֮мȼʵһӵ޺ˮԴһ㣡
˷ܵľͷ˿Ҳ̲סЩȾˣ
׵Ҳ˸˷ܵĹâ͵ӽ̸ƵʱͷһЩ֮ͬ
մŵ˼ٵģڵǰһֱûо͸
ʵҲǺ飬ϾһôܽӴõأ
Ҳֻʥɽǰ˲пܽӴõЩһ߸ϣôСطأ
˵ˣؼǳҲɽһѣ
ɽ˺嫣ڼɶ칤󷨣һֱڴˣҲˡ
û뵽ھȻŨ
ҲǼ˵˵ʵ챻Ūĳˡ
Ȼ֮Ũ·ϵ¸ڱ
Ȼ׸ո𾳽ͻ𾳽ڣδǿܹжİأ
ֻǻ֮ľܹ֧ͻѾΪˡ
ʦ磬ڿ϶йŹ֣طŨҲɢ˵пͷԴͷ
ͷԴͷ˼ʲôܹɣ׼ʵ
ܹõĶĻǶԺ˵ֱһˡ
ӦôʱҲһֱĴڰɣü
ʵҲرȷϾʶȻǿ󣬿ҪֱӴ͸ҲѶȺܴ
׿濴ȥϡƽķǴ棬ҪȻǽһ̽Σ
ͷʦ磬Ⱑ
˻һۣͬʱ֮С
һ֮׺鼸ͬʱоһֲͬ
Ƕ˵ǿգָо൱
׺ڴһ֮˵Ӱʧڣ
ص·ƺЩ׵ĸо
Խǵ·ʶ̽ķΧԽԽС׺鵹ûоʲôǲϵߣ
ʦ磬طƺЩװ
׾ôţҲڽš
ȷӦö֪Բܲ׵ġֻԽ£ʶѹԽʶķλҲԽԽͰ
׸оһЩֵĵطһʼ棬ǵʶܹһĻôڷľѾǲʮˣ
鿴׳ʦ磬ԽԽ˵ѾӽˣȻˣҲÿ浽ʲôö
ԸҪʧźð
׵ϸֳһĨЦݣ̤Ьٴȫѹû뵽һˣȴԼ˾ϲ
˿̵ףѾطúõˣ
ֻҪһ̽Ϊʲô֣
׺·ţʱԭڵĳˮ·ҲӿֳһĨɫ




2022ǿ
 

ص·
׺鲻ϵĳߣǿһĨɫ֮Ҳͷһϲ
ʱʱ䣬ߵ·
磿
ǵֵŹεǰʱҲסˡ
׵ִǽʱȴƺû̫
ಣ
˵ӰһӱŹ֮У
˿̣ǰľѾǷ˱仯
վƬСĿռ֮УһֵһΪֹ˽룬ڿ˰
ȻҵǾӦ谭˵ãֻǶȹٵˣҵѪá
׿ҲĲ²⣡
˵ĻʵԽͰ
ҲǰֻһƬռĲʵЩһΪǷʲôأɡ⡭
鿴ǰľҲһʧ
Ҳһɻ˵ǰǴʲôطģЩְ
˲סĹ۲ΧΣڵȷҪŨ٣ƺ֪ǴӺζ
ʶɨӣ
ײס̽ռ֮еÿһطֻǷȥȴûпκβ֮ͬ
δ
˱ʧ֮ʣǵǰǸʯ֮ϣȴӿֳһΰɫҺ塣
ǰɫˮ״Һӿһǿ˲ϯռ䣡
ܿ죬ǰɫˮ״Һ뵽·һɫʯͷ֮ϣ
ʯͷйŹְ
һΣҲǶ׼˵
׵ͷʾԼˣʶɨһɫʯͷʱҲȻ˵ȵ
ʦ磬ʯͷȻ֪ʲôİɫˮ״ҺӦøĪĹϵӦþصܰɣ
鿴ףҲüͷ˵
ϾǶĶʵ֪ĲǺܶ࣬ǰЩҲѹʶʲô
Ȼǿȷɫˮ״ҺźܴĹϵ˵ȻĲˣ
ʯͷӦòɽ֮һƬռȻǺܴ󣬿Ϊʱ۵ԭƺǳŨ
׿ҲΪ˵
ԥһʦ磬ԽʯͷΣ
뵽ڣˣȻ˰
ҲüͷһȻ˵Ѿ
ܹʯͷ뵽ڵĻԺʯͷϵĲղصҺ壬ʱԴԴϣ
ͷĳǰ˹ȥǿʯͷȥرĴֻһ˶ߵӣҿȥͨ
գ
ŭһþȫ˵֣
ǿɣ
¡¡
ģǿʯͷƺ˶һ㣬ʯ˵棬˰֮У
ٿ飬ƺڿϵĽӽصʯͷ
ĺ鸡Ķͷ֮ϣȥǳĳ
һʯͷû뵽龹Ȼ˵ҲǾ㵲ѣ
һ飬㣡
ȻҲǰסǿʯͷֱӽʯͷ뵽֮У
ǿصʯͷΧǼɫСʯͷʧռ䷢췭ظı仯
ȥƬռڲϵʧ
鿴ףҲǵɴ۾Զ϶ԴӦþصʯͷˡ
׳һ飬Ȳһ󷨣ֹʧˮ࣡
ͷһɫķѾƬռ֮вϵҫ
ܿ죬ʦ磬Ѿɣô죿
һƬռ֮вȫսȥǽУ
׿飬ƶ˵
˵ûʲôʵȤˡ
˴Ϸ۳һУû뵽ǰ۳ˣһ˵ĳͻ
ڣʵԵΪҪ
ûʵ֧ţǺܿͻᱻ۳˸ˡ
ɲԸ⿴飬ʵ
һױ³ˣɽһĽѵ
˲ƿԼеĸоǳĲá
ԣȻᣬôܲúõԼʵأ
֣
һOKƣȻȽ֮У
ԭһֱϵ˿Ҳչֳıģ
һ׵ĸǰ
Ҳֻ˵Ļ£ײŸҽ׵ķų
Ļ׺ȻҪһ˴ԭĿռ֮У
ֵһ̣ԭռ֮еһɢȴϵš




2023
 

ڣ
׿ٵϥ˽״̬֮У
˵ɽʱ䲢Ǻܶ࣬һѾ¶ˡ
ֿݺͳ飬ǵ֮Ҳһɻ
ղŵǲֻ֪ǵ齫صʯͷһ̣ǲĿʼע£
磬⡭ʲôһЦݵӣҲɻʵ
׿ʼУǵԵЩµĸо
Ӧ֮Ҳ֪ʲôھͿʦͻƵһʲôĲ˰
ҲΪĹעҲǴʱúõĿʼˡ
ֿݾ̾˵ʯͷȥƽ棬ҵȵʶȻ͸ʯͷ氡ʥһοҲѰ
ֿʵ˵ĽǼٵģǸ˰
ֻҪײϵķչʱҲͲԶˡ
˵ʵܹɽ˻֮ˣֿݵҲͷôһλ
ˣֿɵۼǿ˵Ҳûǵͷ
һʼֿݵȷеִԽԽӦԼˡ
鿴ֿݺͳҵҲҪúõ˰۳Ѿʼ ҵȻͣͲǰʱ򡭡
ȷ֮ǰ³׵һսҵҲǱʥϲһͳ⡣ø
ֿ룬ĳĻôǿҲòȥ˰
ٺһЦ磬ѾͻɻʾڵĲˡ

΢΢ҡͷɻʾڵȷǺǿ
ҪǸ۳ԿɻʾȻǲġ
һ޹˵磬⡭Ѿҵļ˰Ҫͻɵ۲εĻǡǿɾǻ˰

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һεһʱỹĲ֪ô˵ˡ

ΨһĿԣʦˣ
һԵֿЦŵĶȷɻʾڣҪô׵鰡һŪãǱٲ
㾡ɣʦ˵ֿϸ磬Ҳץ˰
鿴ֿݣҲɫµ˵
Ȼʵǿᣬɸ۳Щɵۼǿȣֵһᣡ
ֿݳΪɵۼǿߣӦΪɵˡ
鷳ģ¾ǳˡ
ͻɵۼѶһһҪߡ
ȻĻȥѶȺܴ󣬿ɸ׵ͻȣ»ҪһЩ
ҲҪԼʦͻɵ۾֮󣬵ôǿһڰ
һޣ
ȫĽ״̬֮У״˿ڽϴ
صʯͷȥû̫Ķ׵ΧǼɫСʯͷȴѾ׵Χ
ѭ
׵ڣ˿ɲͬڲϵĳţ
Ǿŵĳ̶ȣɻʾǿ߿ŶҪһ
𾳵ǿ߿һĻĻҲǾ°ͶҪ˰ɣ
ɫСʯͷϵɢǿ
ƺһֳ˯״̬֮У֮вʱĴһѵ˶Ϊ˯ˣ
ʱۣ
׵з·𶨸һ㣬ÿһεѭ·徭һµϴһ㣡
һδѭǻҵʱ䣡
һ꣬꣬ꡭ
긴һӣƺգ֮͹ȥˣ
״˿̲δκεı仯ԭΧǰɫʯͷƺҲСһȦ
ڴ˵Ļϸĵ˿¾ͻ֣ᷢ׽յ˫۲סĶš
ţ
ڼ䣬ʱʱ뼸ŵҩԱ֤Լĳ㡣
ʱʱ֮дһѵҲʾڲϷŵı仯
£
仰ȷ˸пѾʱ䣬һֱδйĶ
ĳһ̣
׵۾Ȼ֮бŰľ˸оѾǵͻƵıԵ
ƣ
ٶȥˣ׵һ˵
Ļȴֻһ֣׻δ֮ʣ˵ѾǷž޴ı仯
䣡
һƵ׵ڴײϵľ׽ŵҩ
һһǿ˳ľĵﲻϵĳ
˿̣׵Ѿǵ𾳶ĲΣ
ҪǱɻʾ
ı仯׵һϲΪǿԼĵ￪ʼѺۣ
Ǳǵɱı־
а߰ʮ
˿̵Ȼܰ;ϣɵϵӿ׵֮Уһ˸߹һ˵ĳĵ
䣡
һ֮׸оԼĵȫıſ
¶һ˿΢Ц֪ŵһ룡

ǵոձƣΧǰɫʯͷѾǱһգ
һ˳žֱ£ֱӽסˣ
ϵĳŵ֮ӿ룬ⵤڲ׵һҲǻĳ˱仯




2024ͻ
 

ڣ
׵ɫԵʮִݣѾ˼ͻƵľ飬һοȥԵõӦ֣
ͬڱ˵ǣ
һǴĵһǴĵ
Ҫͬʱͻɣ˵ͻƲǳ׵ɡ
ղϵĳɽǵΪֻнⵤܹ֮뵽ɽ絤סǴ洢ĵ
洢ĵﱻƣ
ϵ뵽˱ס֮У
һε˳֮У
һͣοڻԼǻٶʱ䣬˵ǿԳܵģ
ϵһĵ֮ߣÿһײʿһ㣡
ʱ䣡
飬ҪƣȻĿʼɱ䣡
һѵʱ䣬֮֮ǰƺҪ˺ܶ࣡
ĹѾǴϣ
ƿ
һεŭȻ˵ļԲȶϣܹһԳɹ
ԭΧİɫʯͷıֻһСˣ
ٵķѵȷǷǳӴ
˵ʵһܹôʱ䣬Ҳǵ⼸ССİɫʯͷ
ȻѹҲ֪ʯͷʲô֪϶ĶҶԼǳа
ֻ⼸ʱ䣬ʯͷİɫˮ״Һ壬йɿѭģ
ÿʮҵʱ䣬ƺôһΣ
γһɫʯͷûиʮϿ¶ǲ̫ܵ飡
õһԭõЩʯͷǿʯͷ˶γɵ⼸ʯ
ֻǰĵٶȣЩʯĹĻҲٹʱˡ
飡
һƵı׵ڴϤĸоһĿϲ
ܲһһֵǿѾǴﵽͻƵıԵˡ
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ﲻϵѿһ޴ĺ쳹֮У
һ˶˫ۿǰһУ
˿̣û˸Ҳ廰ΪǶ֪ѾǵͻƵĹؼʱˡ

³һԭʹ಻ɫҲıůǺһܵı飡
ϲϵӿһĨɫ۹һζѾǴ뵽˵ı֮У
ÿһεͻƣǱǶԼһθ죡
ųıڵʣһοȥЩˡ
ϾǴͻɻʾǿԽͻơ
ϲʦͻƣ
鿴һε˫ۣҲǼĳ׵ķ˹ȥ
ɻʾڣ
Ǳ־ɻʾĽɫڿռ֮Եøҫۡ
׻˺üʱ䣬𾳽ͻɻʾڣѾֵˣ
ֿݺͳͻƣҲǼԸӣ
Ͼ׵ĲԽߣδǱԽΪǿǸųϵ˰
ܹߵˣǿɶ൱İ
׳΢΢һЦͬϲͬϲɡ
ʦ磬㻹Ҫ鿴ףҲЩȻʵ
˿̵ҲѾͻɻʾڵĲΣڵһνӡ
ֿƺΪһЩ谭һֱɻʾĲΣδͻơ
׿ֿݵʱͻƲˣͻƵĿռ䰡οһңʣµһŸʲôѾˣȻܰ;˰
Ȼɻʾڵǿߣ֪ʵԽǿɽȥĸʾԽ
̫һʳ³һս֪֮ʵҪԣ
һˣǱûκεĻͷ·
ԼΣԼˣĳˣǺܶɶɽ簡
Լˣʱô죿
Ϊ֮ƣǾǲϵʵܹӵбԼ˺նɱ˵ĵǣ
ֿݿҲǵͷҾʥ˵ĶԣǵʵȻѾǲˣһɵ۳ڵˣǶѶԿοأ
ɵ۳ڣٺ٣ҿԲһˣٺһЦ
ɵ۲βͬɻʾɽ綥˵ĲΣڵĿܹ꣬նɱɵ۳ڲεˣ׳
ʼɵ۲ΣҪնɱΪװǵʦĺúͻư
飬ֲǲ֪۳ӵжλɵۼǿߣ³ʵǺޱȣһʵҲǶһݱϣҿɲϣ̫һʳһεķ
׿飬ҲǿĵȰο
СʵȷǺǿ󣬿һҲɹˡ
ɻʾͻɻʾڣЩͲסįˣ
ðɣʦ磬ǼɡƵĿףôʱ䣬оЩȤˡ
ʼɡСѾɻʾ۷Ĳˣ
ϴҡѾˣɡҲͻơ
ף֮Ҳǳ֮ɫ




2025³ѡ
 

ڣ
鿴ףҲһ㵵ʵ˵ʦ磬㲻ҪڰСͻưɣһͻƿ»ٰ
٣
׿ҲЩɻܳʲôϵأ
һԵֿ΢΢һЦȷп٣ֻһٶѣڳ˵Ӧò̫ѣؼӦܲڶɽٵĹл
ҲǣһĸʿԶɹȥģޣҪȴѶȺܴ󣡡
ֿݵĻҲʼʾֿͬݵ˵
ôһҲֿ˵˼
֮·Ȼٽ٣
߻ԭ֮·ɽҲ֮еˡ
׳һؼǿܷڵѰ
ųΪᣬֻԶҪǱҪڵ꣬Ҫ깲ǿɾˣ
ֿһ΢΢ҡͷȻΣԻǷǳĸߵġ
һԵҲǵͷʦ磬һܻʱ»ɣڲͻƿҲԭ򣡡
ֿݣһƵ˵ǰȷһģȼʵ̫С̫Сˡ
СӣСӵʦ磬ΪܹлĻڻˣôͷɥأ
û˵Сһ־ûа
һȻ˵磬治ǴͷɥǸ̫˰˵ˣʱҸϴǡǲҲΪ˻
СӣǴȻĻ˵İŭһ
ˣ
׳ЩҲûκεľѭ
ꣿ
Ҫֿ˵Ļ֪ô¡
ԼΨһܹʵֻĿԣԼڵѪˡ
Ѫǿ֮Ѫ
֮ˣ˵Ѫ֮˿¶Ҫ֡
ϴҡҡ
ԥ쳣һӶ֪Ӧô׿ˡ
׿ųҲҪ˵ģԼӦñǸӵɣ
ϴ֪һֱôȥĻǵȷǿٻܶ꣬ʧˣǱٲ
Ȼ֪ԼĴҪԼͻƻԭ̤⣬ȻΪŵһˡ
׵ͷҲȥģĳɹˣӦ֪ӭľһƽ̹֮·пܳΪǿ߲𣿿ججȥĻⱲѾûκεϣˡ
ֿһҲǵʥ˵ĵûСӣʥԣѡȨ㡣ҪĻӦûᲩһѡ
СӣѾǲǸ˰뿴ڶһֽԺǿֽȥݰ
һ仰ֱЩ緹ĸо
һȻĻʵ׷ǳϣܹѡͻƣ
һͻˣʱǱԼһǿս
Ȼ֪ܼѣǳԼһضȥĻ̸ʲôͻأ
ֽ
һЩŹˣ˵һ㶼ٰ
Ƶ˵ĻǺеİ˵ǰɣ
ֿҲЩε˵ȷȷСӰ
˵ˣѡͻƣ
һһĻ֮֮еļᶨһַǳĸо
׿ųСӣȻˣǾͳһɣ
̾һϴʵ֪һιҺпҲϴˣϣϴԺȥĻܹҵĲкͻ壬ҲҶˣ
СӣѾ˵ʲôɥذĻûпʼô鿴ųһƵ˵
磬Ȼһֱֵģ֪ĶҺõˣ
˿̾˵һ
׿ųСӣȻû̫İգΪҲûκεϣҵľѪڵġ
ϴ˵ʵΨһȥͻƵˣ
Ҳϵ˵ΪѪĻ˵ʵҲͻư
һǼֱ͸ûκεˣ
ûоԼһһκ鶼ǽһʵ⡣
ôСĸʣôܹȥأ
׵ѪҲͷȥһ
ɹʣ
ʵϣһԭ
ǱڲͻƵĻԺ⼸֮еĵλԽԽˡ
ΪޣҲԼӺϰ
ȻˣǱ㿪ʼɡ
׽üͷɫ쳣ʵҲûб̫ϣ
˵ڵ˵ȫһƷ




2026ٴͻƵ
 


˿ȻԿԿóһǳĽţͷ϶ðһϸ
һͻƣһ˵Ǿǳɹʧܶѣ
ʧˣʱ˻лĳ
ɶڳ˵ ֻһΣ
һλһʧܣǵʱξ޷֮ա
ҲΪʲô˽ŵԭ򣬱Ͼֻлɽһ·ˡ
Сӣ̬ɣȻˣȻǱųɹȥĲ𣿡
׶ųҲǾİҲ֪ԼĻҲ
Ͼֺ̰οɻʾ۷ǿأ
ʵϣǳѡͻƵĻҲǿ󣬿ҪѪھ굽ûô
ôĻǵʱԳһ¶һ޴ĺϢ
ףʿˮϴǡһоͿ˰
ˣ
䣬ԭûѾʧȡ֮һS͵Ӱڿţ
ʱռ֮һҫ
εľ޴ͷʺһһ˫¶һ˵Ĺâʾһ㣡
ı壬ȷȥЩˣ
׵˵ϰΪųӣһСӣѪںϣ
ݣ
׵ĸǰһɫѪλĳ˳һĨϵϣ
Ѫ·һĸ߹
˻˻
ͷţƺҲһ˷֮飡
ɣ
ſڣѸײڶ֮ƽ׸ǰһξѪԼĿУ
ܿ죬ҲǳһĨϽ֮ɫ
ԭͨɫѾʧȻղ׵һξѪѾ˾޴ı仯
ʣµһо͵ÿ컯˰
ҲǸоЩۣ⾫ѪȻǵҪܳһʱĵ
һȻѪڳ֮У˳Ļָ׼
ڵףҪѪ뵽˳֮Уûʲôô
֮У
һֱھֹ״̬׵ľѪ֮󣬳ɫһЩ仯֮⣬ĸûκεı仯
ʱһһľôȥˣ׺顢ֿݵ˶ϥ
ʱôܹ˷أ
˭Ҳ֪Ҫ೤ʱ䣬Ǽǧ꣬ѲǾһֱڵ
ʱһζǶһ㣬ͻ˿Ŷоһķ˼
ʵϳͻƣһɻʾǿͻƵɵΣôľ춯أ
ͻֻһ·ǾǾ꣡
ֻҪѣͱ־ųʼɱ䣬ʱȻȻľͻɵۼޡ
һΪɵۼޣǼǻص壬Ҳǵλ
ΪʲôҪģ
һڶ۳Сߣ˻ܹΪɵۼǿߣֻһ˿˿ϣҲԸ
ʱһһţ˲δͻƣӭһϢ
ֿͻˣ
˰ʱ䣬ֿͻƳΪɵ۳ڼǿߣ
ʵ⻹ΪֿԭɵڼǿߣĻ˵ǰ˰꣬ǰ¶ͻƣ
ֿͻ֮ûжãͻˣ
˿̵ƺӵĳһЩȥҲΪأòһЩı䣡
ɻʾڣ
֮Ҳǳ˼֮ɫͻƵɻʾڵʱԼͻԽԽˣ
ɹ٣ֻҪʱ˵ʲô¡
˵ֻҪ鲻Ļ볡Ѿǽˡ
ǰʱȥûκεϢ
״ɻʾҲǰٳ߸ͷһΪɻʾڵǿߡ
ͬھϵͻƣһɻʾڵɻʾڣȻķһЩʱ䣬ȴûڵɻʾڻѵʱ䳤
ֻذʯ˿ѾǱһգ
ǧʱ䣡
״֮УûҲ֪ڴȥҲûκεˡ
ʦ磬Сӿһʱû˰鿴Ҳʼ
һԵֿЦŵʥϣҵ濴ţ
׵ͷСӻţֻҪžϣһʧôʱ䣬Ҳóȥˡ
ǰǧ꣬ҲǹʮˣʦһʧʱҲ̫һЩǳΪ㱻۳˸նɱء
鿴Ҳǹһֵ
׳ǱһҪȥģҪ֪ϪϢֻе۳˲ܹ֪ˡ
뿪ڵķ򼲳۶ȥ
֮У޷Ӧ
׿ֻܹԼˣǾͿ컯ˣ




2027ڵΣ
 

ڣ
ʧô꣬˽ΪѾ뿪ߣ
˿̵ڣɽŽգٴһ㣡
״Ӻɽڵʱ򣬷һƬɪ˶ὣУƣ
ҲЩƣڵ׷ʲô飿
׶ڵЩмˣûأҲܴﵽȿֲĲΣ
֮ϣ
һڵĸ߲㶼ǶԵıȴϾѡ
ˣȥĻھ˰
ǰˣλţǸڿսֱǼʯͷ
һδεĳڴ󣬳ǵĴ϶Ǿܲס
ˣҿǻǸں̸ɣ
һ˿ųǿȥЩĻɢǱ֮ɫ
һЩ϶ˣӦǾս֮µġ
˵ͱˣʱЭȾڻŹڣѾ
״ˣʵǿᣬȥҲǰ취
ԼĸףҲǳ֮ɫ
ʵһеĸԴΪԼԼŮұ
Ϊǵ飬ڸ¡
¡óӴұȥڣ󱻳Ȼܾ
֪һȥڣµʱһˡ
ԣͽɽţڳ׵ĶϾ˹ϵ
һӱڵˣһλŸҲλŵĻǲͬ췴
ڴѹΧˮйͨ
ڵĻڴ쳣ǿ󣬿ѾǱڸ̤ƽˡ
ʮʱ䣬Ҳ˲٣ȴһֱٳδˣƺвڲݵƣ
ҪǳѾﵽɻʾĲΣԲٿػڴĻڵĻڴͱƿˡ
ڼָӦûκģһҲǵ֮ǰµôƷʯ
ֻҪʯǻڴҪƿ;£
ҲǳĵڣҲǱѡһͶĻʱһҿ¶ڽˡ
ųûа취ҲҪȥûлͷҪҲûôļ򵥣λǷ棬ﶯҡġ
һ̾ϢʮΪ尾ʮ꣡
ڵǿڵŵӶҲû뵽һγΪ֮Ȼ˵һ
ԣ³ǿ϶ǲԶģ
ˣ
ڳһŭ֮ڵĵѾǽˡ

üͷ壬Щڵ뷽跨ĶҡڵˣŴ˹ȰǱܾˣ
ǲҪ飬鵽زѾԿƵˡ
ǡ˵ס
ǸڵĵӿһŭҲǸϽ˵
ֹӣ룡
һ׵֣ҲһѪӿʵЩˡ
һԵĳ׵֣ҲǼ˵ִˣ밡
һָָ㣬ǲ֪׵˭
ɿ˺˼ӣҲεĿ棡
߽һ̣˵϶ǳֳһĨʧı飡
˲ǵųһǸôˣ
ǰ˿ȥϡƽĺܣһΪʲô˲õأ
ôӣһΪǸء
ˣڴ˴οڽ˰
Щڵĸ߲㣬ȥһȻĺܣܷκεϣ
ֹӣôˣ
˲һ׵ĵ·ǿ˾һ㡣
˵ģƴֵӣó˺ܶࡣ
ڵĽսս
ʵ֪Ǹڲ˿ɲһǰ㣬Ψһֻܹлڴˡ
ڵĹûڴʯٶȲϵļӿ죡
ûʯˣɽŴ󿪣ʱ¾ֻܹڱˡ
׿ų΢΢һЦ֮ǰЩ뿪һӣû뵽ھȻ顭
ֹӣΪһڵḱ񡭡
ʵ֮Ҳǽ겻ѣϾøڶԿûκεĻ·
ݸһЦڣ޷
ֹа취ףҲǼʵ
Ǻǣôģ͸ôȥ𣿡׵Ц
ߣֹǰɣ⻹վ۰ڿڵλţ䱳ɽ糬ڣǾ·һ
˵˽Ѳڵĸ֮һһֱŵľǸ̸У
ڣʲôţ׿ŹѲЩƵʵ
ʦ磬ھ׼Űƹɽ׽١
ЩƵʱѾǴ׵ĶС




2028׼ңڣ
 

ڣ
ɽ糬֮һƹɽ׽٣սʮֵǿɽҲǶһĵĴڣ
Ȼ֪׼ңֻڲ
ҲֻܹµɽĶʵ̫ˣԼҲûָôķչ
˵ǺϢ׸ܲ˰ɣ
һԣԺܶ鶼ܹΪ׽
ô˵׵ϾȻֳһĨײľϲ֮ɫ
һ뵽׼ң뵽Ǳ棡
ߣڶ֪㻹Բѵ˵Ҫڵˣ
ѲҲǱ׸Ŀû˵ˣǰһһͷడ
ڣǿǷԲʮڵĳţҲɽΪǿ֮һ
ֹӣ֪ڣ
ףҲЩ㵵ʵ
ڿɲǸһСţȻ˵ڻ˵׼ҲĴ۳Ĵ۳ҲҪ׼ҵӵİ
ƹ׽٣ǿӵŷŵư
Ϊ׶ɽٵʱٸŵĻڵҲǻᷢĴڵġ
Ǻǣڵû׼ҵ׵˵
ں׼Ҳûбʵʵ׼ڡ
Ȼ׼ţҲ׼ǿû֮һ
׼ҵ峤ڵ
ˣһǽǸ̸УȥĻҪһ˰ѲϣڴӴԺɽİͼĨȥ𣿡
Ѳһ˵ӿųд޾
֪ǳô̲ĻʱùǿɾЩ˰
ЦһѲ㼸ĶҡھģǺξģ
˲ڵ˹ƽΪһ˽˾Ӧ𣿡
ѲһҲǳ׵ıˣҶǸҲͻȥˡ
㡭Ѳ𣿡ŹѲŭһ
ʲôò˶೤ʱ䣬ʱڹɽţһҲѲŭһ
ȻĻھͳȫˣ
ŭɶĿŹѲʵҲһܣѲ˵ĵȷû
ͱˣǱķѣ
ţ
ڳҪ֮ʣ׿ų
ֹӣ˼ǡ׵ʵ
ҵΪ˵ûΪ˾ȷһΪ
׿ųһϲƫˣ
ôȷǷǳĳ嶯˽ģǳԼľˣԼҲôΪġ
б£ǱĶԿ
ûб£ҲԴԼĶӺͶϱ뿪
ֹӣҡֻڵˡ̾һ
ˣѾˣ̸˭β˭Ѿûˡ۸һλţȷҲһλӦó飬ѹʵ̫޳һЩ
׿ųҲǰڰֵһ㣡
ֹӼȻͬҵΪʲôȰڽأ
Ѳ׵ĻҲһЩ
׿ŹѲֲСΪڽͻʲôλʼλţ
Ǿôţĵǲ·һǼڣʱǸûл·ֹʵǿܹЩˣڱϾڵλţҵͬ·һ
ѲĻһ˲˹
ߴߴҲǴ׵ĶУûϣ֮Ļ
׿ŹѲ˵˵ڹúõĻŲ𣿡
ֹӣǺ⣿Ѳ
׵ҵľˣȻᾡڶɹѹصģˣڵĵ֮ڵȥ
̸װѲ
΢΢һЦˣλʹ߰ɣҳȥ
ʵԭֻҪڶɹѹأʱó˸Լ߱ǣû˱ĶһȻҲͽˡ
׼ҵϢǲżˣ
Ȼ׼ҵĵ̣ȻҪ浽׻عûлع飿
ǻع׼ҵĻҲһݵĽˣ
׳ɽŵķХȥ˶ЩĿɿڴǺܿ׵ķȥ
Ȼ֪Щɲ⣬о׵ʵ̫ǿ
ڵʵ
ЩûüֹˣϾа˼Ҵ˼ҵҲĲˡ




2029һ˵
 

ɽ֮⣡
ڵһ˵ƺҲǼֲֵվ档
ôˣ뾡˺ܶİ취ȴƲڵɽţ
ǲδһÿһʱͶڵĻڴը
߳ڣһվڵǰ
Ŀ棡
ɨһȦ֮֮˺ڣ
Ǻˣ
׳ֵһ̣ǱҲһɧϾʮȥˣǴûмһ˳
죬ǿһ߳ڣ
Ἶȣڸ¡Ķӣ߳һ̣Ҳһ
Ǻˣ
׿ἾȣϸֳһĨЦݷʵ
ڵ˹ȻһޱȰȻʱ˭ἾЦһ
¡ĹἾṫӣڵڣóһ
ἾȵԱߣһһ
ƺδڰɣΪλţǿƣѹˣǹԵİ
׿ἾȣҲӿֳһĨ֮ɫ
ڱ壬ǳ֮ӳ°Ůˣֱ޿ˡ
ἾΪʲôǰΪұﱻŪˣ
ԭڵ˻ûжڶֻ֣óͳȥһˡ
Ҳ¡˼ûеȵӣǵȵ˳ұ뺯
һӱ㼤ŭ¡Ἶȣ
ҲһĿȻˣԳΪɣڣֻܹ
ҵľˣұҹлԼṫӿɷһӣ˱أ
׵˵ʵѹҲûָǰܹ˱
ɽ֮ڣ
˭㶺˰ɣ
ǰڵҪƾһ仰˱ǸӵĶˣ
ǲ֪һﵽǴðģֱǸɵӰ
һ˰ھǲҲˣ
һȺ˿Ǳ߸Ἶȵ̸ǲһ㶼緹ˣ
ȥһ˾ùʮڵ˱һﻹǴԲѰ
οڵѹ֪˵˭Ҳһƣ
͹Ѳ˿׵ӣҲһ֮ɫ
ǹѲԭΪһʲô汾»ʲôıء
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ֱЦĽడ
˽һҡͷһȥȥһ㡣
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Ἶ׵Ļ㶣漴Ц˼ֱǲ֪νɱ֮ˣ
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ڵˣڵһ˵ȿҲǷǳˣ
ݣ
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ἾȿףҲĨһ˿мЦݣ
СС֮ˣҲǰ񣿵ȴô꣬ڿɱ˽ޣἾȵҲһĳ죡
âҫ
ߵĹȥǳĺˣ
˲䣬ĽѾǵִ׵ĸǰ
ֻʵ֮ˣ׵ĸǰʵЩ᲻Ȥ߸ûжһ£ֱһȭ
ԭ󣬿ɵܵһɾ޴ѹ˲ȽԼʱ˶±ˣ
һ޴ȭӰѾǳߵ֮У
һ룡
ѾǱ׵ɱ˿ûκεˮ
ԭȸԾĵһ˵ȣһʱ䶼˳Ĭ֮У
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ἾȺûһֱӴӿиˤڵϣȻ˸ɱˣ
֮һĨ֮ɫѾԱˣ
ṫӣܸܲһӣ˱أ
׵ЦǷƵֻһĨЦݵıž޴ɱ
ɱ޹֮ˣڲû̫Ȥ
ֻҪڵˣԼȥ棬֪ԼϢã
㡭㵽˭Ἶŵ
ף׵˵
Ἶŭһúúã㲻Ҫߣ
˵꣬Ἶʧ˵ĸǰἾȵʧԭڵĴҲǽʧڵɽ֮ǰ
һУΧʮ֮õڴ˱Ҳ൱ţˣ
ʵϣһʼڵ˻ɳɻʾĸ֣Ϊù£ЩɻʾĸҲߺˡ
׳նɱڵǿߣἾȻˣǿ֮˶նɱˣܻʲôأ
׵ĳֱ֣ӽڵΣڵɽѾһƬɽХ




2030µǵڸ߲
 

ɽ֮У
˿ƺ˻ֵĺ׵ǿǸоһļѣ
ΧôãҲǳһڶˣ
˵ôΧҲǸڿڵ˱ɱǰһǻȸԾġ
Ժ飬ǲܹʲôأ
һʱ䣬ⶼǳŻЦʮıһƺǵõͷһ㣡
͹ѲǰĳҲһȻ
ʵϣû뵽ȥսڵɻʾǿ֮һֱǱŲˡ
֪һԼˣʱҲ군ˣ
ˣ⡭ֹʵǿ
Ѳ˿Ҳʿˮųû뵽׵ʵȻѾǿ˵ĵز
ҲǲסĵͷġȷǺǿֹʵ˰
ǿڵĻڳϣû뵽һȭͱֹӺɱĪֹӵʵѾǴﵽɻʾˣ
Ѳԭһ˿˿أѾǳ׵ʧˡ
ɽ֮УǿߵǸٹ̵ġ
ǻȻش˵ɣһնɱڵĻڳϣ½
ϻд˵֮ɫʼƵӣҲѣ
ʱһģ

һ˵Ȼص˴֮ϣ˿ȥôϲá
ŵЩӲͬЩ˿ɶϽˣ֪ԣ
ȻҲ׵ʵǸǵǣ
ֹʵǷҵ岻ѰѲ˽Ҳվֵ
ˣǺǣǱڵ˹ɣ׵˵
ֹӣ֪ڵ˲ưոݵģΪλҪնɱأѲףЩɻʵ
Цŵ˵ȻѾǵزˣΪλҪأ
ֹԼǣȻǲݵľ棬ûбҪô࣡Ҳǳ
׼Ȼҹ飬ȻһġˣλҲ̫ǣˮڣССһУ
ССڡ
Ѳ׵ĻҲǲһ㱻ԼĿˮǺˡ
λֹ˵ǰޱȰǿڵλŰ֮иɻʾڵĸ
У
ӣѲʵЩ̲סʵֹӣ֪ʲôʵ
ɻʾ
׵˵ɻʾʲôʵͲ˵ˡ
׵ʵҲܹɻʾʲô壬ϾԽսʵ̫ǿˡ
ֹӣڵˣɡǵĺϾڵ˳Ķڣʱ¡
ѲĵԶֹڣ֮ǰ˵ģֵܹסڵˡ
أ
ڵıǿڰһڵ˳ڿµʱʣˣ
ǺεţǿɽǵĳŰ
ݸһЦڣһλų˵飬ڻˣھͲڵλʵΪʲôһҪأλŵĶ尡
԰ֹԼǡ
һ˵׵ĻǺȻһֻȻʵĸо
˵ûǿڵʵѾڣ˼ΪʲôҪأ
ţ˭˭λڿһ
ֻҪʵȻõڵĿأ
һ뵽˴鵹ǺһЩȻҲ֪׵Ϊʲôôܹսʤλţ
ڿϣƺûбһЩˣ
ʵǸʤǰ׵նɱڻڳϣֻܹڵ˸ӵķ
ˣҲ֪ھԲưոݣѾûлͷ·ˣ
һεĻ»ǻôɣ
Щһֱס棬ʵڵȴĲڵˡ
˵ʵССôȤأ
ڣΨһȤĿֻˡ
ҪǴܹõĻһεˣֱһһˡ
ȥҲν׬貧ӯ
ͻƣΪɻʾڵĳ֣ǵõһʯͷʯͷڲϵĲҺ塣
Ȼʱܾãܱȵòκεǿɣ
ڿȷǣֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬ܹͻˡ
ʮ֮󣡣
׺ͳ֮Ӧڵʱ򣬹ѲѾǼҴҵ˽ɫԵ÷ǳĻţ




2031
 

ڴ֮ϣ
׿ŹѲҴҵ˽ʶѾǳڵΧɨӶȥ
ѹѹȺѾռɽŵΧ
ƣڵһ˵Ѿһֺѹǳݵĸо
ң
׿˿Ѳӣ˵
ʵڵѾˣ
Ѳ͸һɿ־壬¶֮ɫ֡ǰ⡭һˣ
ֹ֡أʲôҲЩװ򶨵˵
ŹѲӣ֪һεûôļˡ
׿ŹѲʵγ԰ˮڡ
ǰ⡭һĲһˣڵ˶ˣ
ѲɫòҰޱȣ˵ֵʱԼоЩˡ
һԵĳɴ۾ŹѲʵѲ㡭˵ʲôڵôܻأ
׵ˣڸλŵĹϵںλŵĹϵ
֮䣬үүְֺͶӵĹϵ
ھ͵үүֵˣԼ⻹Ȼڵˣ
ⲻǳʲôڵҲ¶ˣ
ҡҲ֪¡ԱǸ˵ȷǴڵķΣؿϷ־ҡһǼġ
ѲôҲڵĸһļʶеġ
Ȼǿ󣬿ȴʲôص֯ܶʱڵ˻ǰλȥμһЩ
ڵ·ʵֻҪЩʶˣҲǼģ
ҲΪʲôѲ֮һԭɲ
һѾļɥʧˣڵ˾Ȼ˽ǲ
ˡ
ͨһԼϣ֮ҲǴһ˿˿Ŀն
֮ǰȻ˵컨׹Ҳڵġ
ڵ˸ڵ˽һ۸Լôһӱţ⵽˵ȥ
׿ųӣ˵ڵλţǾԲ׵ĲģϾⲢʲôʵ飡
ֹӣǡӦô찡ףҲûˡ
ԭ뷨Ǹĵ׵ģΪ׵ĳ֣Ѿǳ˸ת
翹
Ѿ⵵ӵˣɱڵĻڳϣǱǲݵľˡ
ֻǳôҲû뵽ھȻô͵֮У
һ࣡
׵Ĩһ˿ϲɫҵڵ˷ء
û뵽ȻͿڵˣֻҲ֪˵֪֪䣡
׿ųϹذɣҳȥǣɽ֮ڴ󼴿ɣ
򲻿ɰǰ֮ǰǲСС֣⡭һڶ˴ӣһ¡ҲԹˣټڵĸڳȥǿ׶༪ٰ
Ѳһ׻ǵǹƥĳȥ׵
ҲǳֹӣԩͷծԭġҵܹȡڵİΣĻԸǰڲҪҵ˶ѡ
дؽ󣬵ҹĿ࿴ˣЩĿųû뵽ʱ˵һ
ֹӣκҵĲҶҲȢ˱ΪޣܹսɳҲһ¡ֹֻܹҵļ뿪ߣ뿪ĵط
Щ飬ҲѪڣٴһ˵еһλҼȻ˵ǱҲȰˣ
ѾὫЩ˷У
͹ѲҪǳȥˣʱԼ»ùǡ
ҲܴǳȥģһҲжһЩ
֮䣬ÿһ˶ܹѡģ
ɽ磬ѡҪѡ񿶿ҪĶĶ࣡
ֻһ˷ɳ˴͹ѲҲһĸж
ˣǰǡǹ˼
ѲųҲǸ̾һ
ŹѲƵ̾һֹκε鷳ڵʱһȥˣԺھͽˣ
ˣô˵Ļ
ѲһĻҲһ
ڰֵ˹ѲҪȰˣѾ鱾޹أڵҲܸϾɱģֻҪˣͻһˣֻҪƼɡ
򲻿ɡ
ѲĻδ˵ӰҲʧ֮ǰ
׺ͳһǰһķ˳ȥѲϽɽŵķɱȥ
˿̣ڵɽ֮Уһٴеģ˵϶ž֮ɫ




2032Ҽ
 

ɽ֮ǰ
һοǳ׵ĶŭˣҲôķģ
һڵһҲδĵһѡ¡Դǰ
˵ڲĲݵˣ
ʹ
¡ߣλڷεӿȥһĵȻ
˽Σڵһλִ£
ʵʵǺǿɻʾڵʵѣ
ʵû¡ɾͳϵƤ¡εʱҲֻܹǷϱ
һȻ˵ḱڲڵλŶѣ˰
ʹ֪һֱ̣ܽȴûʲô취¡̾һ
ڻǳϢ˰һλžȻһλ޲ߣֱЦ
ο¡ҲǹЦ
һ¡ĶἾȿΣҲǵһǿߣǰһӡ
˵նɱһλ۷ĳϵǸǰɣεʵ
ʹ۽𾦡ἾҲ̵
ŵ飬ǲܲġ
ʹһССڣҵͷԳأ¡̶Ц
һǵȡλŵĽţÿڵ㳲
˵ȤȻҲ͸Źôˣ
ɵߣһھȻǴô۸ԼλţҲǸоһƣ
εдһ˿м˵Ȼ˵ĻҾ߿ڵ˴˰
λδ֮ʣ
ڵɽһεĴˣһεĳ˵ĸǰ
ӿȥǷƵƺһжƿ֮һ㣡
״ˣ
Ἶһ׵Ӱߣ˾Ǵ˼ѪһĿ¡
΢˫ۿԶף΢΢һЦһ򵱹أд֮簡
¡΢΢鴤һ£ε仰·ǺݺݵĴһ㣡
һ޵ݵĸо
һλţǰǸȥļһ裬ֱһֳ谡
ߺˣ
¡ףһ֮ɫ
׿¡˵˭ҪΪλţȻ˵֪ܣЦ󷽰
ߣڵ·ϣֱﲻ⣡¡ЦһСӣڲ˭ڣ
һʱ䣬ӿ
¡֮޷Զƺһ̱Ҫ׸һ㣡
ɽ֮У
˶㶵ĿԶĳ˵϶д˵֮ɫ
ڵĸ¡ôܲʶأ
ɻʾڵǿߣǿɱﰡ
һ군ˣڵҲ̫Ҫˣʵǿ۸ǣ
ǰֱҪ۸ǣǿ
֪ǿҲôϢ
˾͸ƴˣҶǸɱ׬һ
˿̣ڵһƬŭ֮ó֮еһĨ֮ɫ
ǿڵҲУ˲ò̾Ѿˡ
ɽ֮⣡
ο΢΢һЦСӣ㻹ͦһ˾͸ڣ
ССڣһ
׿˿Σ֪һڵˣ˵ʵȤҲˣ
ֻԸʧǣһʵһ㰡
úúãõúܣڿĲ֪Լʲôˡ
¡ζըˣʹ棬һﾹȻ˵СС
ֱǳư
εĿһ׵ǣѿ֮ƺܹڵΣ
ĪǶԸһڣҲҪͶڵ˳ˣ׿һ 
أһ仰ССڻҲһ
仰һ¡κεӣ
ΪĳţôܽһССڷأ
ֻһҲ£ɽˮˣ
׵˵Ȼ˵ĻǼڣҲ޻˵ˣ
СӣҼһˣⱾڣʾ֣
ҲǿЦ˼ֻĲм˶ó
һԵ¡ѾŭɶװģûмôҪװġ
ѲһΪԼ˵仰ܹڰȻˣ
ֻܹǻϽͣ
һʱ䣬ǱҲһƬ




2033Ŀɿڴʹ
 

ȥС˭ôţ
ǰȻ˵Ҫڣֱǿ֪
ҿһǲǸɵȱҪڣ
֪ηҼˣΪԼжţأ
һӾըˣһǹΨһĿľڣ
֮ȴû뵽Ȼһӣ
Բѵ˵Ҫڣ
ʲôλ
ǿڵλŰһ仰˿ȥôͻأ
׿ΣҲǵһЦǱڣںúõ̸һ̸ɡ
̸һ̸
ο׵ӣҲһɻ
Աߵ¡һǳ׵ıˣҪɱǰ֪ߵغС죡
Щûû뵽ڵѾǿĵز
ôС˵ĻǸӵ˳
ݣ
һѾɢŵ泯׵ķֱ
ɻǿһŭƺƴ
¡ڱŭ֮µһûκεı
ľܹնɱǰСӣΪʵǿ׷ǳᷳ
˵־Ͷ֣
ڶݣǱ֮ս
׿ǽԼĨһ˿м
֮Уһ޵Ĵֱӳ¡Ľץ˹ȥһʱΧ֮˶Ǿˣ
οŵֶΣҲסˣ
˵ʵ¡ʵǿɻʾڰԼҲĶ֡
ΪԼڵʹĻ¡ĲһԼУ
ԼôţƣȫΪԼλţ
Լʵֵ¡أ
ǰСӣֱӵȥץ¡еķɽǼֱ
ɻʾǿߵķɽһܹץסģ
ץסĻһöôǿ󰡣
һʱ䣬ռ֮гŸ־㵵
ڣ
ˣ⡭ǰҪʲôȻȥץ¡Ľ
ѲͻĶ˶ˣ
һԵĳУҵøϽȥ
ˣڳȥҲ޲Ѳųæ
ҲһĨ֮ɫ˿̿׵ѾǽӴ¡һĨ
أ
һ֮̾ʱǸΪĿɿڴ鷢ˣ
׵ָͷֱӼס˶¡еķɽһĨһɢ֮У
Ȼסˣ
¡Ҫ׼סķɽԼôɽȻ˿
£
¡һ֮еľ֮ɫѾɫòҰޱߣ
ݣ
¡ҪһжʱеķɽѾǱֱӸ˳ֱӲڵɽ֮ǰ
ɫǺ죡
¡˿̵ɫɲҰ֮ɫͨޱȣ谡ֱܴ裡
ɻʾǿߣȻֲǰָ֮ͷ⴫ȥֱЦ
¡֪ȥƽļһʵѾǳ֪
һУ
¡Ѿֱ֪ӵĲ࣬ҲǣҲǣ
׵Ŀ¡𣿡
ҡ㡭
¡ףһʱ᲻֪Ҫ˵ЩʲôˣĺѾĶͷ˳ջ
ʲԸɱԺ˭̤һǱ뱾ΪУ
׵Ŀһ¡Щ˸һЩв֮ʵѾˣ
ڣܹôأֻǶһЩɱѣ
˲޳ԹҲԸľ
һоͿ¡Լѡˣ
ִԲĻǾͲܹˣ
µǺˣ
¡˵δ˿̶ѾǲȤһо¡׵Ъˡ
ڿǰ֮˾Բʲô֮
ڵĵͻȻλ֪ǿߣμȻȻҲҪٸʵˡ
ʹαż˵һһʹú̸̸׿ε˵
š
Դڵˣ׶ܹ˵ڵ˻ڵĶһĿɿڴ
֮һ˿ŭЦһݣ
֮¡Ĵ»ȥ˿̵¡ѾǾκˡ
ںʱ֮ˣ
Ǹ֮ǲʹµĻҪڣ̸ֱˣ
ԸղŴ˵ʵҲǰ׸
һоԼǿԼѿ²̨¡֪Ժǲܵˣ
ڵˣȴҡڵĳڵɽ֮˹ȥ
˿ڵɽѾǳ׵ĿţһƬ׶




2034¶Ի
 

һƬ֮У
һο׵ʱѾǳ׵ıˣ
ְ
ɻʾڵǿǰƺһǿ֮ڣôܹǲأ
¡ȥǳ׵ĽڵΣ
ʲôܹҪأ
ףٲȻѾΪڵľ˴˿ҲĿɿڴ
ǰ⡭Ҳ̫ǿ˰ɣ
Ѳһ·ȥ˿̻Ǽѣ
ܹΣʲôӵļĵأ
ûϣһϣ˰
Ȼʮʱ䣬ʮʱ·˾ʮһ㣡
ҲǼ˵ֹӾŰû뵽ȻѾﵽĲΣ
ѲҲ̾һǰЦ֮ǰһǰＥǡ
˹һζɹѹأľֹӳԺֹӱڵĶˡ
񲻵ô룬еڵӿ¶ôˣ
Ѳ̵ǰԺǰκεѣҵȶǣ
˳ķ˹ȥǴ˿ĵɵļţ

Ҳ𺳲ѣȻӲʵҲǰԼݰˣ
ϾڵˣΪţȻĽ
׵ʵѾǳ׵۷Σ
ֻЩ֣˵ҪԼ̸̸̸ʲôأ
Ӧ̸йڵ飡
æסڵĻ⵹Ҳһ¡
ڵĻڿҲûڵ鷳ˡ
һףô˶ȥˣǿʵѲɻ
Ѳݼʹ
͹Ѳ˽վһԣҲǹε
εݣҲò
ڵΣոսǵڵĻǿɾͲΣˣ
Ƕο϶мˣ
ζڳ͹ѲûκεȤһ֮󣬵˵ˣղǸֵأ
ǰһ͵
ղҪȥӭףѾǱŵĵӸΧסˡ
룬Ӧúܿͻģ
Ȼڳδ֮ʣ׵ӰҲǽ֮У
ο˿¶һ˿΢Ц֪κְ
ǺǣҲ֮ˣڶжֱˣ˳ֽһˣ
׿˿ΣҲ¶һ˿Цݵ
һԭˣ˵ʲôʱôˣ¾ˣڵĵϲλŵ飬ƺӦøһɣ
ʹͱˣǲҽˣ˵
ʹʹлú˵һҲǴ۵
һСӣҪΪһЩʵͿԲڿɲ±˵в
֪¡򲻹ףԼ͸ûϣˣ
Ը׵ĸǰӣϾڵʹ
ǱǴڣˣ
ԣЩԲκεЭġ
׵˵ʹƢǻ𱬣ҲʹһЩѣʹֺ뼤أ
Ҵ飿ʲô飿
α׵ĻˣʵҲҪһԼʲô飿
ڿһԲΪڵ飡
Ҫ֪׵Ҫ֪ʲôˡ
ʹڣ֪׼ҵ峤ǡ׿Цʵ
Ǽ峤˸ʲô
ε֮Ĩһ˿ɻʵⲢʲôܡ
ʹÿһ⣬㶼ҪΪʲôɣʱȻ㣡
ǷƵҲƵĺܣ
ÿһҪ̸Ľ࣬˼ҸͲ
ֻû뵽һﾹȻѯ׼ҵ飬ҲǶһۣ
ο˵Ҽ峤ҲʲôܣӦ֪ɣ
ҲµĲĻӦƷ峤ɣ
ʵҲ֪峤֣ϾЩҲǺܶ˲෹̸
ο˿׵֪飬ȴܹңǲЩЦ
ҲЩȻȷӦòʲôܣԼһڵӦþ֪ˡ
δ֣Ȼǲĵģ
沢δȡ׼ҵ峤֮λ浽ȥʲôطأ
֪ʹϲʶһ׹ҵˣ
׿Σ˿һ׹ҵ֣Ҳɫһ䣡




2035¾Ϣ
 

׹ңʲô
εɫһ䣬һԵɫžͱˣ
һʶģӦ׹ҵֽ׼ң
ֻ֣Ϊʲôɫأ
һйŹ֣
׿ΣҲǳʵʹ׹йһ֮ңԡ
һ֮Եѣ
οʵϳֳı£
׵˵ǰɣ
£
οų͹ѲһӣҲ
͹ѲεɫҲŵøϽɳ
֪׸ε̸Ѿһ棬ѾûκεĹϵˣ
˳͹ѲҲüͷ΢΢ôʹ˵Ľţ
׹ҵѣһεʵ
֮
׿εӣԾ˵һЩ
ף֮ˣһӹɵġ
Ϊʲôλʣ֪Ҫȷʲôô˵ġ
֮ǻǸϽ뿪ɣ
οףȻ̾һ
뿪ǺǣʹǻῪЦһڵĵ̣ȻҪһ׹ң
ʵһطҲһɺ϶ѣ
δ뵽ڣѾǿԿ϶ڣ
ԭҪԼչǿһЩ棡
Ͼһֱڶ۳չ׼Ҳڶ۳ͷҪ뵽׼ӦҲҪһЩʱյģ
һ۳̫³۬ͻ֮󣬿Լֺܿɽǿҷˡ
˿һ飡
ȴô룬⵹ܹԼŮ˺ܹõԼϢ
ο׵ǰɣȰϽ뿪ɣҲֻ㵽ˣҿң˵Ļ¡
ʹ˵ĻҵԽԽˣ׹ӦҲ׼ҵ˰ɣ
׵üͷ׵֪ǳˣ
ǰθԼ˵ЩѾ֤һУ
ֻԽԽ뿪ģ
γҲ֪˭Ҳ֪˭Ҹ㣬׹ѾǱѺҲܹ׹ҵĶݣҲġҿɾͲұ֤ˣȰ㻹ǸϽ뿪ɡ
׹ұˣΪʲô׿׷ʵ
֪Խ࣬ʱԽ죡γ
ʹضԣ׹֮飬Ӧ֪ô°ɣ
ο˵ôôִԲأ
ʹкַܹܶ˵ֻǸղΪ׹ҵҵȱܣҲǿֻϣܹҵ׷ʲô顭
׵ҲĨһ˿ɫˣ׳ʲô飿
еҪ֪ô£
һĨ㵵Ҷҷɣ
ʹ㲻Ҫҵģܹ׹ҵĶݣҾá
׿ΣҪ֣Ⲣʲô֮٣
οθ׹Щʱܹõء
̾һ׹һЩϵȻҪ֪ҸҲ޷Ҿ㣬Ҫ׹Ҿǲܵ飡
룡
һƣȻε
γƵ˵׹һǧǰڵģ֮һȽȽǡǧʱ䣬ѾǴһλɺڵǿߣͻɻʾ۷壬ֻһɵۼĲˣ
Ȼأ׳ʵ
γһǰ׹ҺȻó׼ҵ峤ƣ˵ǵ׼ҵ峤ʱ׹ѾڵĻڳϣ븱Ҳһ֮ңɾΪ飬
˵ܲһ˵갡
̾һ׹ҳϾΪŭ׼峤Ʒ磬֮峤ץ׹ңҽڵΣ
ûˣ׿ΣѾܹĳʱˡ
滹ǼһЩܹΪɵ֮дµĻҲڱץ
ο׳񻹹Ѻ֮У˵˵пҪ׳ϣȰ㻹Ǿȥɣһ㱻׼֪Ǹ׹йϵĻΪ㻹л뿪
ʲô
׵ͫһһԼڣڤڤ֮ע
˿̣֮ҲһƬ֮ɫҪɱ棿׼ҵ峤Ҫɱڰ




2036һ
 

ڵĴ֮ϣ
׵һƬ֮ɫεϢ𾪲ѣһŭյĸо
ȨȷǸö
ܶʱȨȴܹʧ
Ʒν׼峤ӦúѪϵ
ҲһΪ׼һ峤
ǻعɽ磬ƷԲ֪ܲ浽˭
ַʽܹ֤ǵ׼ҵ峤׼峤Ʊ֮һ
ɵó׼峤Ƶһ̣ȴץˣ
˵ʲôֻܹ˵ƷѾϰԼ׼ɱĴȨա
ͻȻĳһ˸Լ峤֮λҪԼ˵ָӣôأ
ģôأ
ܶʱǰһжǸƣ
ĸƤ
Ѳ²ĿҲˣΪԼعɽ֮һжúܺá
֪صɽ֮󣬵ȴȴ޾ɱ¾أ
ǰܹ˵ʵһңƭԼǰ׼ңʱҲɱԼһֲȴҲȲء
׿Σʹȷ׹һᱻ𣿡
˵ʵǺȷֻҥɰγ
Ѩδ׹ҵʱó˵Լ˭𣿡ʵ
ʵǰ׼һɵ峤ͻȻʧɽҲ˾֪飡׹˵Լɵ죬Ȿ˷˼ʱȥõĻпܣⶼȥˡ
̾һʵ֮Ҳʮֵţ
׹ҽ׼֮󣬶Ƿǳչ˵ģֹ˱۸Լ
һݶ飬ֿ׹ҵ֮ķϣҲ˵׹Ҫ£
Ͼǰ֪˺ܶ࣬׹Ҫ飬֮Ļº֪
׳ʵ֤ԼݣӦòǺѰɣ
Ǻǣ׼ɽ糬֮һµڸɽ磬峤λôģֹʵȺҲӦ֪ɣ
οףҲ΢΢һ̾
׵ͷȷˣһǺ׹ҵġܴܲȥڿ
ʲôҪȥڣ
οףһֱǲʵǿᣬأ
ɵۼǿߣӪȵ׹ң
ΪҪǣȻ׼ҵܲҲǸư
׹ұѺǱߣһǰܹʲôأ
׵ͷֻҪʹܹҽڣʣµͲʹˣ
ֹӣҪ׳ϣ
һɫͳ׻Щȷʵ
ӴģûмôˣѲһҪڻڶʳɣ
ʹҪ滰Ǽٻ׿ʵ
ֹӣʱˣһ˼߿Ц𣿡
ˣ׻ʹðѲΪԼսʤһССڣܹʸڽа
һٸڼҲûһǿ󰡣
ȻҾȥˣҪΪԼֵЩʲôɣ˹һ̩ɽںëʹҲϣһںë˰ɣ
׿ηʵȻӣҲ
֮Ĵָֹ屡죬һ֮Ҫټٿһȵڴᡭ
ڴ᣿
ЩɻĿ˿ΣϾߵˣ֪ʲôڴأ
εͷνڴᣬʵϾµŶȥμӵһʢ硣ʵҲΪ˹ڵİλרһδᡣ
У֮粻˳٣һ׹ҳʲôô죿׳ʵ
΢΢ҡͷ̫ܣ
Ϊʲô׿ʵ
γ׹ڵĻڳϣǴҲܴ˵׳ҪϢҲһεڴйأƺ峤ɽ𻢵˼桭
˼ǡ׿ʵ
γҵ˼ǣڴڼ䣬ӣ׻ڡֹҪ˵ĻҵǿԳһʧˣҲߣ
Ǻǣʹܵ׿ΣҲ΢΢һЦ
̾һʵ֪ͬڱѼ壬ʵǲ׹ҳϾôˣҲΪ׳һЩװɣ
ˣлʹˣ׳ι֣εĻҲʾ˸л
Щֹ˵ŶˣһϢֹܹӡ




2037´ֹ
 

ʹл޷
׿ЩԥԥӣҲǳ΢΢һЦ
ʵұֹӶģɿֹΪ׳ȣڲҴҲͲôˡһ˿԰ֹӡ
οףԥһҲǿ˵
ɻĿ˿εʹ˵ǡ
ߣ
λ³֣˵ֵʱҿ˿ƺ±һ㣡
ߣʲôˣ
ѹҲ֪ߵʲôˣ˵ÿζ˵һ룬ҲƲѣ
εֹӣǵ׼峤Ů
ŮˣĶŮأôվأ
׿ΣƺҲˣ浱ɽ粻ʲôҲû°ɣ
ЩӡɶģӦʵѾǲ˰ɣ
׹ҶȻʲô׼ûֱӾͽ峤óɣ
׿׹Ҳôûӵģ
ο΢΢һ̾Ůһ¶
¶
׳ʵȻʲôΪ֪顣
εͷ쵱ĸӺŮԴƷ峤λ֮󣬼ˡΨһһİɡ
ˣҲ̫˰ɣŭһ
ҡҡͷļ˾˵Ѱ;˵ģҲһЩִмʱ˵ģľͲܹ֪ˣֻ֪ΨһѪˣ
ߣƷŮгµģЦһʵ
⵱Ȼûˣ̵
ˣԺߵ˵ɣ׼Ǹʲôģ
׿ЩɻʵʵôҲûκεʵȨĻǻ粻Ůء
γ׹ұץɣĸ߲ѹȥˡΪĴˣҲΨһĹѪ׼ҵĵλҲˣ׼ҵĳ֮һҲڵĸɻʾ۷ʵ
ڸż̫߰׵˵
ֹӣ֪ˣڵ峤ԼεġԸʵһ㶼Ǽĳְȥڵʱͻ֪ˡγ
ðɣ˱лʹˣ׹ֵ
οһֹӣ黹ڵ˺úñܣʱҪ׷Ļ
ҲСĽ׷ĻʱйӴ˶ᱻ꼰
׾׹ңˣ
һ뵽ߣҲоЩղôһǽԼѵľ֮У
ݸһЦʹصǣʱصֱϱ¼ɣ鲻ҽ˰ɣ
⡭ֹӣ׹ҳϵѣô˼أ
ƴҡͷʵ׵Ǳӵõķ
ЦŵղŲ˵𣿻һ¾ڴˣڶҸȤǻʱ鷳𣿡
˵Ҳǣ˱лֹˣҲҪȥˣϣֹܹһ˳
ʵҲЩںޣԼߵߵܵʲôʲӵ֡
û뵽һͰԼˣ
浹ŪԼǳΣһ治˵ĸо
Ǻǣʹֺαżһʱأ
׿ΣҲЦεϢǷǳа
οףɫһֹӣʲô˼ĪҪжĥɱ¿
ʹˣ˾һҾһɣ֪ʹʹõʲô׿΢΢һЦʵ
⡭ƺֹ޹ذɣγɻʾǿߣҲһƷ
ʵϣڵǿǼΪϡȱġ
׼ҼҴҵ󣬺ܶöȻǽŵϵǰˡ
׼ҵϵǰүСǣĸûиƷ棿
ɵϵ֮ˣɻʾˣֻҪﲻɻʾڶӵһƷ
ݣ
һϹ׵ѾǶһɽ
΢΢һЦʹл׹ҳϵϢȻ׹ҳϵѣǱ׵ѡƷɽҶıɡ
ε۾ĶеǱƷɽˮֱ
ɽ磬ǱԼŻҪĶ
⡭ҵģ
θоϵ¸ڱһ㣬ǸоЩ̫ʵ
λֹǴ
Ʒ˵˦˦ˣֱ޻˵ˡ
˷ܡɻ󡢲
εϣôֱ㶵Ŀס
Ҹ̫ͻȻˣһʱƺЩܲˡ
΢΢һЦȻϣʹܹؿƿʣ˸ĻĳͲ˵ˣǣ




2038ɽǣ
 

ˣ
ߵʱ쳣˷ܣƷĶ
û뵽һξȻװ׵ľ͵õһƷ
ȻˣʵԼҲ֪νİ׵Ҳô׵ġ
׹ҵȷһֱ棬Ȼ׹ҳϵֵܣֻ˵һЩԼӦ˵Ļѡ
񿴵㣬׹Ҹоˡ
ֵܰ
ɽܹеֵ飬ƺѾǲˣ˶Ϊţ
߳ڣǻͷһڵķ
˵һѾ˵ˣʣµҲֻܹԼ컯ˡ
֪׹飬˵Ǿһ
ΪɻʾڵǿߣȻ֪Լʵףδо׸Լ˶ѹȣ
׼ӦҲɻʾǻ
οֻһأ
һˣ͸Ҳ磿
뵽ߣҲǳƵ̾һһʧڵɽǰ
ڵ֮ϣ
Ҳ׼뿪ˣ֮ǰȻҲҪ˸
е˼ѾǷ׹ҵˣﻹʱط˷ʱأ
˿ЩңԼʱϸһصĻľ͸ˣ
ľʱ⣬Ƕɹ
⵽ɽҪô͹ˣ׶Ҫ̾һ˵Ŀɱˡ
ֹӣʹˣףҲǵʵ
ţˣӦʱû鷳ˡ΢΢һЦҲˡ
ֹҪˣ
֮Ǵһ˿Ĳᣬûü׺úõֽˡ
֮ǰһֱ֪׵жôǿʵ֪ˣôҲøʵǿֹֽֽ̲ǣ
һԵĹѲҪߣҲ̵ǰסһʱ䣬ҲǾһ֮갡
ԶԶԣ˵ĶԡҲǼæ͵
޲ɢ֮ϯԺǻмĻҲ˵أǺǡ΢΢ֵ
⡭ֹҪߵĻǡǹֹУ
ѾҲ˵ʲô
ҡҡͷԺлȻټûлֵҲͽ˸в𣿡
ֹҪȥﰡҲʵ
ڣҲ˵
ڣҺ͹ҲҪȥμڴᣬһ𰡣ϲ˵
ڴҲǣƵʵ
Цŵʵ룬ֻҪƾŵƣԴһ˽룡
׵ͷȻͬ·ȴͬСһȥڣʲô¡
ǰȥ°ɣǿɲǿЦĵطѲһ׵ĻҲŵһµ
ݸһЦʲô°ˣͬУʱ»Ǻڰ
ǲ£˵ˣڵҲʶǵʱ¡
׵Ļ֮Ҳһ׻ǹͰֱҪȥ²ɣ
΢΢ҡͷİɣûӣڡ
˵꣬׵ӰʧڣһӰȥٵĸо
ԶȥıӰ͹ѲҲЩҲ֪ȻǰѾˣҲܸıǰġ
ο˼ǰΪǺõģ
ǰȥںڵ˷˳ͻǰˣûط¾͵ָˣ
ɽ
ɽǳһɽɽʮνһ޼ʣ
ɽɽһ֧ѣ֧ɽǧ
˶֪ɽɽΪǿصļ֮һ׼ҵڵأ
ɽ֮Уһ޴ĳУǳΪǣ
ǣ׼ҵܲڵأ
ʵռѾǲһʳռˣ֪׼ɽĵλǶôǿˡ
ܹĴ۳֮⣬һģ
׼Ȼ׼ԼĶ֮
ǵʱѾ֮ˣһ·ҲǴǵġ
ԭΪ׼Ҳһѣڿô򵥵ģ
ʵҲ׼ҵģֻһμ䱻Ĩȥˡ
״˴ǰ൱ǵһǣ
֮Ҳһ·ͣЪĳǵ뼲۶ȥ·;ҲǷǳңԶ
׼ڴ˾Ӫô꣬Ƿչ˵ĹģҲ֮е飡
ǷΪǺڳǣڳǲ׼ܲڵأ
ʵϺ׼ҵܲһҲǵڳ֮У
Ҫǵڳǣһ׵顭




2039ūг
 

ڳſڣ
λڷεſţǵڳǱ֣
ſڷ·һһ㣬ǹرڵĻҪȥַ֮£
׵ߣֿվһԣ
ʦ磬ҪƽȷЩѶȣֻҪһЩʱջǿҳģ
󷨵ǳ֮ټʵѾǴﵽɻʾ۷ĲΣʶǴﵽ֮
ǰ󷨣Ȼɵۼǿ߲£ĸǰȴû̫Ѷȣ
һԵֿҲЦŵǸһЩʱ䣬Ҳƴ󡣡
׵ͷֿɣʱֱӽǵڳǱǡҿǲǵŪݰ
ʦ磬ʲô뷨ʵ
΢΢һЦҿץڵˣʱǵݽǸӵĲĿ
٣עⲻ
ͬ׵뷨ȷǶʱ򵥱ݵһˡ
һԵֿݸһЦǻƿ𣿡
ȻҪƿʱǳΪ֮ô׳
ҲǵͷȷʱǾĻǻ·
׵˵ʵȷ˳Ľڻ˵׼Ҳǳصģ
һǵİտɾʹܶˣ
Ǵ򲻹ӦҲûģɽڲûգ
ֿһǺãƿ󷨣һڻһ£ʱͲױ˲ˣ
ãҸ鵽ǰķйһȦܸܲ㼸ڵķΣ׿ֿݵ
ֿ΢΢һЦʱϵ
·
׺鳯žڳǲԶһ˹ȥֿʧȺ֮У
ΪɵۼǿߣֿݵһһȻҲ˵עˡ
֮У
Ŀĵ̿һΣڳǷǳĽⷻеĹģҲǺӴ
һ·׷ӦһС
Ȼˣڳûнȥֻܹ˵֮ⷻˡ
ⷻеĹģȷǺܴ󰡣ȻںŶ߿˷ֺŰ
鿴Ҳ֮¶һ˿
ںڣʲôŰ
ɽ֮׷кܶһ֪
֮ǰɽ̫һЩɽ֮ŷָô°
ڻôһߣĻԼºܶҲһĨڰ
ۡʦ磬㲻ǰɣƵ˵⡭ⲻǶи𣿡
еĶǲ٣ܶණҲǲ֪ʼ
ںڣʦӦ֪Ǹʲô˵İɣ
£ҵȻ֪ˡʵǣʵôʵ
ͷĴ۳δֵʱ򣬾Ѿˡʵ͸ӵĲ˵ˣǵĵλ׼Ҳ࣬Գһɣʵ֮׼һҪǿϲ١
֮ǰôûмŵķֺأʵ
΢΢һЦʵҲйںڷǳĵ͵֮ǰ̫һʳʵҲǵķֺţһ㶼档ֻǵںƺҪߵһЩ
ҪȻȥҲûнȥȻǺʮˡ
ʼʵȥҲûж˼ʦ磬ȥūгȥ
ūгָʲô
ĻЩһĨڵĸо
ɽܶණ֪һЩƧĶҲ֪û뵽ڰƺЩĶЩ֪ˡ
龪㵵Ŀһ׵ҵʦ簡ūг㲻֪
ڲ֪СӴСֵĸʲôû˵
ٺһЦⲻǾһ˰ҲװһΪʦ֪Ķܶأ
㣬ūгʲô˼Ѳɽ羹Ȼūڣ⡭Ҳ̫˼˰ɣ
ʵϵ˼ѾǿһЩˣЩ̫ܹ⣡
ū
ɽ羹ȻūҲ̫һЩɣ
ɽū⹫ȻóƺһЩˣ
ңڴڴʳûмūг
ôǣ۶ӾȻôأ
ڵһнǵĸоˣһЦӣ޲§һһ٣
Ȼ˰ɽūʵк֣ܶһʳˣܶʵǿɱ˷ǳĿϧͱ˷ūг
ūгҿ⣬˼Ҳܰ׳ʵ
΢΢ҡͷūгĺ̨֪˭ô
˭׳ʵ
̾һʵ֪ܶǱħڡֻħڲϣūȷ޴ҵūгеطеġǱɽǵūгڵ֮һ
ˣǽȥ
׿Զ̽ɫĸ֣Ҳ˼




2040ūļ۸
 

ūг
Ƿе࣬һвͬūгռǳĴ
ūгſڣվһЩͳһεӣЩʹкš
ȥǸһ㣬ūгҲǷǳĻ𱬣
Ⱥﲻ׻ֱܹżǲǺ˾뿪ߡ

һûκʱʵ̫˶һЩ
ʦ磬ҲûбҪӰūгһˣ
鵹Щ˾ռһ˵
ɫĵͷţڼǺȻҲᣬЩٲܹġ
һҪӸԴЩǾͱӵ㹻ʵ
λɣϺõūָĶУŮˡܼңֻҪҪﶼУλҪȻȥһ
һӿ׺Զ˹Ҵҵĳ˵ķ˹ȥ
׺ʱһ¾ͱȼˡ
ʲô۸񰡣
Ǹ죬Цʵ
ʲô۸ĶУͿλܲܳǮˡӿٺһЦ
ͣʲôĶУɵǿ߻ôû˵
⡭⵱ȻûˣɵۼǿôءӿһҲƵ˵
ⲻΪɵۼǿ߱˵ǿˣץסǲܵ飡
ʲôҪʵģǵҲԿǿǣ۸⣡
׿ӣЩƴֵ˵
һιҪΪӪģ֮ǰԲǵġ
ȻūгҲǴ㿴û츳ˡ
λɣ֪ǿʲôλģҪΪ֣һ־Ǽ۸һƷʯµģڶ־һƷʯʮƷʯģֱʮƷʯʮƷʯģʣµһֱʮƷʯϵġ
ӿ׼æֵܵǰʯֵġ
ȻҲ֪۸Խ߿϶Խˣ
ʮƷʯϵģҿ׿ӳ
⡭
ЩԥĿףƺڵȴ׵ѯʡ
׿ӳôҲУ
Ȼǣɣūгиأǰλ㿴ūгľҼ۸񰺹ԡ
˺üӣɾǲ˵Ҫʲô
Ե÷ǳĲͷ˵ҿˣ
ɡʵֻҪūгԤʮƷʯɣұԴǹȥˡ
ӿףͷɽҲ
ūгͺȥ
ȻūгǳĻ𱬣ɾҲǷǳļҵġ
ūгˣмٺţȥһ˵ɵ͵ˣ
ԣҲǺܺ׺תͷߣ
Ͼ˼Ҫ߼ˣĳɽһʵĻǵʱҪùԼٸЩūأ
׳˼ˣ
ǲǣɣūгĹأԡӿһĲ˼ŵҪȻĻȴģ
ˣԤԤɣһûʲôȤ
֪ūгԲɵӣ۸񶨵ôߣȻǵĵ
˵Щ˾ֵ۵ģôʱȥһһĿ
ԣֱӿֵǮģҲͿ˽ūгĵ˲ǣ
һ֮ˣҴȥԤһ£ȻֱȥΣ
һ׵ƨȻ׺鳯ūгڲ˹ȥ
׾ãԤ治ԤҲν
ʱ򿴵ʵľˣǿʵģūгҲԼЩʯɣ
ҪǣЩʯҪ̵̵ܹ
ӿˢ꿨̬֮ѾǸӵˡ
ܹӵаƷʯˣ˵ǳֵˡ
֪ӹհСŵ²ţūгĵŵ²ſףһıϥ
׵˵ҽּ򣡡
ּ򣬻ʱù֣õҲǺʵĺܡ
ֹӣ롭
ŵ²һ·ϲϵָ׺鳯ȥ˿׺ʶҲǷſҪ浽ûʲôʵˡ
ֻǿ˰죬Ҳûôʲôõģ
󷨣
ߵūг棬Щüʵ
ŵ²һ׵ҲǾ㵵˵ֹӹȻʵǷȷһ󷨸ˣϾūгĵĵط
ŵ²еƷһʯ֮ϣ˵ĸǰҲǳһӣ
˲ʧūг֮С




2041
 

ūгţ
һЩŵ󷨣׵˵û⣡
Ͼǵһط֪ȵطȻҲأ
һ֮У
ŵ²ſ׺ЦŵλɣǵĿ¼λѡ
˵꣬ŵ²óһ˱һ鼮
׿ӣҲݸһЦǣ⵹ͦ
λɣūгô꣬ȻҲγһϵġοĵҲūгľλҪ˿һоаɫŮǡ
ŵ²һЦţĻܿ㱻׸ˡ
׳ˣȿһ
ȿľǰ۸ĸߵЩˣƺɫ
Щ˴ʵҵģʯȡһ۷пܽɻʾĸ֣⵹Ҳһѡ
ֻ𾳵ǿߣĿǰ˵Ҫ
Ŀ⳯Ŀ˹ȥֻǵһֵʱɫҲǱ˱䣡
ռܲ
׿һ飬ҲЩϸ΢ı仯
ŵ²΢΢һЦŵ²ţŮֻнɺڵľ磬ΪʲôҲƷʯļ۸񣿡
ŵ²һ㶣漴Цŵλɺ۹ⰡռܲŮӣūгϳ˻ɫ
ôˣ㶼֪׵Щ䡣
էһֵʱͫҲȻһ
ռܲԼŮ˵Ļһεūг֮Уˡ
ŵ²һ׵ɫϽֹӣ֪ˣλռܲЩⰡ
Ŷôⷨôģ׳ʵ
Ϸ۳ռҲ֪λûУŵ²ſ΢΢һЦ
ûУ
ҡҡͷϷ۳Ǳʶ֮⣬ûʲôʶˡ
һԵ鵹ЦŵϷ۳˴֮һռ𣿡
λӺüʶռҵȷϷ۳İ˴֮һŵ²ųͷ
ռܲôģ
׵ɫ൱ѿڤڤ֮оһָоռܲԼŮˣ
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ŵ²ſ׼æһԵɫӵѿˡ
鿴ŵ²ŵռܲŮӸϷ۳ռʲôϵ
ʲôϵҲ϶ռҵġ
ŵ²ſ̵Ҳ֪Ϊʲô˶ռܲôȤ
ռܲȷһūƷǳǵߵ
Ϊ۸ߵĻǱ˸ˣ
ռܲѾˣ׿ŵ²ųʵ
ǵģΪŮ˵ļ۸ߣҲΪĹעҲΪ۸ߣԺܶȻȤȴóôʯ򣡡
ŵ²ſ΢΢һЦֻǿ׵ɫԽԽҲЩΣ
ô׵ģ׿ŵ²ʵ
ˣֱӿȻǮɣŵ²̵
ãȥ
׵ҲǼֻŮ˲ԼŮˣȻҲҪȿһ˵
ŵ²鲻һ·˿ڣ
Ϊ֪һĳ˸ȤʱôɽҲͲԶˡ
ռܲȻʵһ㣬ֻҪǰλɼ˵Ļʱͻᶯˡ
Ȼ˵ɽŮƣ⼫ƷȴǺܶ࣡
ռܲȻڼƷУ
ūгڣһդֱӽÿһ˸Ŀȥò֣
ƺ֮ǰ濴״̬Ҫòٰ
׽֮󣬶Щ˵ĸйٵȷҪ֮ǰҪúܶˡ
ֹ֪˰ɣūгΪʲôֵΪʲôĵļ۸ôߣΪĵ϶ԭ֭ԭζġ
ŵ²ŵĿ˿ףô˵Ҳϣܹˣ
ԭ֭ԭζüŵ²š
ŵ²ŸϽ͵ֹӣʵһ͵ڶǻ϶ֶεģЩȻǳʬûʲô͵ĵǾͲһˣĵ϶Ǳԭġ
֮أ׼߱ʵ
⡭ֹǺЩūߵĻҲṩһЩķ񣬱һЩҩǵꡭŵ²һЦ
˵ôҲãһȥ˵ɣ̸
׿ŵ²ţҲǳ
ܿ죬ŵ²žʹ׺һ㣡
úúãһжֹӵģźŷھǸռܲŮӣ֪濴ҸŽȥŵ²ŵ
ţҽȥ£
׳ʶѾ̽ռܲǱߣ˫ҲЩ
һѾȷˣ˱ԼҪҵˡ




2042طˮ
 

ūг
ĵƺ˲Ǻܶ࣬Ͼļ۸Ϊĸ߰
һҲģʮʯȥһʵ㡣
Ȼūгôʱ䣬һ˵Ļ𱬣˵ʲô˵ūгкܴг
ʵϣɽɫɫ˶У
ūܶʱܹǵһЩ˽ҲΪ˺ܶ˹ūһԭ
ΪֻҪūôûκεģ
һЩūΪһЩϡŹֵĹūгһֱǳʢ˥еĵܶ˲⣡
ŵ²ſţЩηһЩĲģɻʾ۷ǿҪ򿪼Ǻѵġ
ɵۼǿߣܹĴ򿪣
ȥɡ׿ŵ²վһԣҲǳ
ֹӣ⡭ΪСˡ
ŵ²ЩԥˣȻҲװ˸ߣֻʹʲôġ
ֻƺЩ̫Ϲأŵ²ŻЩԥ
飬ȥˢŮˣ׵˵
ŵ²һϲĿ׵ֹӣˣȷ
ϣʧҵǰ𣿡һ
úúãߣߣ
ŵ²ȻҪˣ˼ҶѾҪռܲˣԼҲ͵ˡ
ĻʲôأЩͼľǱ˵ѡ
Ʒʯ
˾Ȼ۸Ҳһ£ȻȥǮˣ
һ뵽Ҫõɣŵ²ŵҲ̵ġ
źŷڣ
һŮŰɫ£ЩնĶǽڿţһжûκεĹϵһ㣡
ֻǾľ˿һ겻ѣ
ռܲԷ֮Ѷռܲ
֮УռܲҲһļ尾Ϊʲôģ
֨
ſˣռܲһѾǵһˣ
ԭ֪ɽ羹Ȼ׾ӵĵطԴطجһ㣡
һһ˻ܣ
ռܲеּ尾֪ˣѾˣԼı˵ĻͻѡΪ˵ķʽԼ
Ȼźûüڼһ棬ҲûüڼԼŮһ棡
ڣʶ֮ȷǱ÷ǳľʣ
֮ǰ붼Ķһ̶Ѿʵˣ
ɽ磬ҲѾһǧ꣬оԼⱲѾǹˡ
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һͳдԵ˵ռܲĶУ
ռܲԭһĮȻϳһĨ֮ɫ̻֮عͷȥ
·Ҫӡ֤һԼǲǳ˻þ
ͷˣ
׻վԼĸǰʱһ˲䣬ռܲϳˮ
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ռܲ͵̧Լ˫֣ȻԼ۾ȷԼûгֻþһ̣ҲǴŲ㡭𣿡
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֣˵
׿ռܲг飬ЩʱܴЩʱȴС
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ңԼûūгҲԼռܲ
ռܲı˸ߣȻЩϢɾĻҪҵ伸ǲܵˣ
׻ĳռܲķ˹ȥԼ֣ĲռܲϵˮһҲһĴʹ
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ѾЩЩзˣĻʱȫһַʽɽ磡
ĻǱԾۼԼߣƽȹɲ
ʱûô࣬Լٶʵ̫³çһЩ
ռܲˮģһ˵׵Ļ֮У˾һʧ˷ĺһ㣡
ĸռܲ㷢ûˣˣ
ףҡһΪⱲҲˡء
ռܲˮ׵һ̣·һ첻µزµĸо
ƺֻҪߣϾûκǽˡ
һţ
һäĿţ
ߵŮˣߵƺһָо
˺ˣˣԣҸطǺúõİɣﲢʲôĺõط˶ӡ
׿ռܲռܲһ϶
ռܲһۿ֮еˮӻ̲סЩ׵ͷҡҶģ
ڵܰģ֮ǰ־֡һѾͳͳʧˣ
׳ռܲ뿪ūгԼŮܵ˵ˣūгѾûκεĺøУ
֪ڲµʱиҪҪ
ֻռܲҪ뿪ʱҪ˵Щʲôɻû˵ó




2043
 

ζĳ֮У
׺黹ռܲһֿݻûлһռܲ״˿̵ǳĺã
ɩӣҸʦҿūг ҪҪȻ»ֲ㰡
ȿڵʵҲôģ
ʵҪȥںڵĵ̣Ҫ׵ūгĻ׻治һء
Ļʱռܲ׿¾ʧ֮ˣ
ȷ
һ֮䣬ҵռܲ׸оռ֮ܲԵ֡
׵ͷҲµʵܲôūгأ
ִ磬㡭ܾܲȾǼС㰡
ռܲҲЩ̲סĿףղһֱûи˵ΪԼԭͱȽϵУ
ڸղű˸˵Ļôʱ»ǳʲôҪĻ˳
ţܲʲôǼС㰡׿ռܲʵ
ռܲ̾һ͡ռҵĴС㣬һռҲʣǱ˸ūгġ
ʲôط׿ռܲʵ
ռܲ⡭һĲ֪Դӱؽȥ֮ҾǼСʧȥϵ
ǿǻٻһūгˣ׿ռܲ
ǵ¥ȵһֿݰɣһȥǣҲżһʱġ
鿴׺ռܲѯʵ˵
׵ͷУǾζſڵȾˣ
˳ζ·˹ȥ
ζǰȺԵζ¡
׺ڵȴֿݵĵһǵص棬Ժܶ鶼ǰ棡
Ůʶһ£
ռܲĸǰһֺСӿռ֮ܲҲǴһ˿ļ֮ɫ

׿ӣҲüͷһ˵
Ҳ֪ðļһȥҲʲô
ѽѽ˵λ˧ɣҽ˧֮ˣֺαͱأֻҪλŮʶһ¶
ӿףһ˵
ԭҪŭģһӵĻҲˣ
һԵ鿴һЦҪģӣôҪһûм
ֻǼλŮЩΪˣȻλԸҽѵĻīҲͲǿˡ
īǿ׺ˣҲʼ
ӴӴӴīǣ㲻úõĵţҲѧӳˣӣǲԸ˵ʶ㡭
īǸҪ׼ȥʱ򣬴ֳһӣ
ӵٷ硢εĸо
һȻʲôƷ
Կó˵ͷ϶ǲСҪ֪ܹôҡڵҲǺܶ࣡
īiҲڣ㲻ӷһӷأīǿŶīiӣЦһ
Ϊ뿴ͷⷻоô˭ڱӵĸǰεôھȻϲūˣ׷Ůˣʼʳ˰
īiīǣϸһĲм
ĺīi˵һ飡
û׵˱ŭīһӾͱŭ
īiīЦһô˵𣿴Ůϻūгӡǣ۾Ϲ˰ɣīǣ
ôһʯĹϵīǿźīiгŭ
ٺ٣ӵİɣҾҲֻܹǮȥŮ˻ȥˣ۹⻹ǲŮ˿ҶЩСĸ
īiһռܲҲЩŹ⣡
ֻһԵһԵ׺飬Ů˪һʱҲֻǲмЦЦ
īīi˵һĻŲ̴ƽڣ
ƽڣ㣿īǣΪǸʲôƽڣǰɣ
īiīǸΪռܲĹϵ˵ĻԹȥǳ
һֱǴ̣ƺûκζֵ˼
ҲЩֻܹ˵˵ͺãĶֵĻǵʱͺѻͷˡ
߰ɡ
ԭҪѵһīiˣ뻹סˣ
СҴı
ӸǸһ֮ìܣȥˣ
īǸīiߴڣȻҲûκεȤ
һҪ֣ɱ׵ֹˣ״ռܲūгķ˹ȥ
վס𣿡
׵˸ո߳ȥûжԶʱǵı˺īi




2044׵ĳ
 

ζſڣ
׵Ҳû뵽վߵȸ˶ܹȳ
ʵϣǼһëǮĹϵûУ
ȫΪӸǱߺ¶ģһֱڼʲôҲû˵
ײҪ£Ҫ뿪ߣ׼ǰūгȥռܲеλռС㵽ʲô
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ͣ˽Ųһۺīi£
µûʲô£ҾǿԱūǲôΣ
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һԵīǿźīiŭһīi㻹ҪҪˣ
ôͲҪˣŮҴˣߣҺīiܱȸҪðɣ
īiмĿһīǣϳֳһĨŵɫ
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īi׵˵۸㿪ӱʲôûУʯ
īЦīiīi֮ĶԹǣҲ
īǣӻīiЦһתͷ׵˵ŮҪˣһƷʯô
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ΧΧ۵˶ǵһ
һſھһƷʯҪ֪ɽܹ֮óôʯģǻ϶Ǵͷ֣
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Ʒʯ
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ҲԼʲôʸ
īǳ׵ķ˹վ׵ĸǰֵܣ£Ҫʲô飬Ҹ㶥ţ
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ôҵȻǹܲˣ㷸ɱңŮ˱ūȻūǾǿʲô׵𣿡
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治֪˭ʵЩ̲סˣһۣҲǵͷպصģҪҪ
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īiףҲǰףû˿ľ֮ɫ
ƺҪķףԼݷǳ
īǿ׳ǼϽ߰ɰɣסˣԺǲҪڳˣߡ
īǰīǣµëûиĽǽţǿɾͲҪҺīiˣʱҵķɳԲ˶ߡ
īiīǣǷһ˿Ц
īһЦʲôԳ
λǾӰǣ
׿˿ˣҲ᲻κεȤǸīiʵǸоЩ
ڵˣ
ڵƷҲ߯һЩɣ
ִϵ競٣Ҳȳܹˣ
վס˵ʲôӣ
īiףһЩסʵ
ߣӶڲ
׵һ䣬һôҲǸˣ˵˰ǲҲˡ
㡭СӿȻҵڳңλϺڣ
īiŭһѾǳˣһһңȥʵǳǿ

˽ɻʾڵʵ쳣׺
Ҳһ㶣һи˾Ȼܹгôţ˳
ֵʱҲЩȻˣ
ֻҲЩɻǰںڵ
Ӧò̫ܣ
׼ҵĵ̣󳬼ŵĻô׼ҵĵأ
λϣɱ֪ߵغļһǸŮ¡
īiŭһīǳʲôģʵѾϰˡ
˼ܣīǿԣ˲У
ˣ
һɼǿʶںīiԵλѹȥ
λԭҪִкīiɵǸո׼شīiʱ
Ǹܵ˼ΪǿϢڣ
ɻʾڵǿߵʶѹȰ
ǿԺĸоʶķǰǼˣ
򲻿ɡ
ԭҪͷǣѾǸ˪һ㣬ˡ




2045¸ī׵
 

ζĸǰ
ܶ˶פΧۣϾǰλɶͷﰡ
ںƺûһȥ
ÿһ˼֮󣬱ȻһЩͻ
һ˵ҪǴ̣ѣ
ֵʱ֮٣ǶҲֻд֡
ʵԭһҲīiīϲԩ֮Ǻֵġ
ֻǽһȺˣȺ˱׵ˣ
˽Ϊ׵֪īiīǵ֮Ҳŵֱµ֣
˼ұǰƺ˼ҸûнλʵǺǿȴ쳣˷У
һ£ҪкϷˣ
ΪЩҪùʱλֱֹ˺īiһĻЩ۾
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ȻΪ󣬻ʵǿĻˡ
ԭΪԼ֮ļһܿԼλϵĽ¡
û뵽ǣλϾȻԼס֣ⲻǳô
ڵ˲ɣ
˵ز˾ǻǸϽص˵ɡ
λɫҴңһ˸ǳ׵˵ķ˹ȥ
ֻ˴۾ǣλ߹ȥ֮׵˵ˣ
Цһɣ
һ˵˹ֵʱǵҲʷ׳ʣ
ǻĴźīiˣ
λϣ㡭ǾôĿһ𣿰
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Ǹ𱣻īiģ
ǳ֮ǰīiĸ׾Ѿǽˣ£žȨ
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λϲǵĺȥλɻʾпǸǿǿߵĻǺأ
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οѹ֪ǰ˵ʲôͷ
˼Ҷֱ֮ӿˣʱɽ֮󣬿ҪҸ˶ҵˡ
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ѲǼҲǴͷɣ
ôҲҵһοīiǱ˰
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ղһĻīǿҲһһ㶵ģ
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ֻΪʲôͻȻأ
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Ǹʲô
׿īһֱԼūгͣʵ
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ҽһ£ڡīǣǼλĻΣ
īǿףҲ΢΢һЦ
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еǵ˵ĵ˾ѣ˹ͬĵ˲𣿡īǿЦŵ
ˣ䲻ϣ׵˵
ȥ磬Ǻ죬ȻڵīiУīǿ׵Ҳ˴Ĵָ
׿īǵôһֱǣ£
Ҳûʲô飬ʵҾҪǸղŵô°˽īiģ˲ôĸԸľ뿪ģ⡭϶ʲôҲ֪顭
īǿףҲЩ͵˵
ݸһЦƺҲûɣ˵ˣǺ𣿡
⡭һ磬͸Ұɡ
īһֺǺǵӣ˿ŶһĺЦ
Ҫ֪׿ī΢΢һЦ
ȻīڴĿ׵
УܹӮҵĻұ㣡׵˵
ҴܲզΣʮа˾䡭īƵ˵
һˣǿҲԣ
׵ӵֱתֻһԵ֪׿϶Ҫ׼˭ˣ




2046
 

ײ޵ķʸ
ǰ֮Ȼһ㣬ʵһıȴǿı
ڣ
Ȼ֪ŵжôǿ󣬵ǱѾǵ֪żǲ׼ҵһŵĴڣ
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ټСһֱԼȻǻᶯһЩ˼ˣ
ԣīǸԼһһӡ
ǾͲ׿ԿƵˣ
£һʵҲûʲôܹһΪԼˣһ£
ֵܣ˵ʲôҵǿҲԣ
īǿףзž⣬ԼǿĻЩˣ
ڣǿʲôǱƵҩˣ
׵ĵͷȻӮˣԺҹд磬˵ҾԲ
ִ硭
ռܲһô˵ҲǾˣǺϽֹף
װڰֵôī
˻棿ӮˣҵģīǸоһӰ
΢΢һЦİɣҸʦܶɻʾʵҲȸղǸīiߵЩʵ͡
⡭ļٵİ
īǳ׵ЩȦˣƺоһϵڱĴԼҹ
λɻʾڵǿߵĻҪǲӦżء
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ȻʵǿܹﵽɻʾڵǿҲǺܶ࣬ǶĻǸܹڵˣ
˵˵׿īǣҲݸһЦ
ãȻֵ˵ôĳҪҲӦĻ̫һЩ
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Ӧʱǳˬ죬ֻǵĻ䣬һ׵Ѿˡ
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ǱԵĶѡīЩɵĿʵ
Ȼ׵˵
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ʵϣҲ֪ˣ˼ҵʵѾǴﵽɻʾڣߡ
īǲɻʾڵʵѣ˵˼ұԸѰ·
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һԵ鿴׵ӣЩˣλʦ绹Ǻݰ
ǰīǿīҵĵϵīҵɽҲһɼǿڣ
û뵽Լʦ羹Ȼľ͸һôһˣ
Լ˵ʵΪնȻīžš
īǾǲӦҲѰ
Ͼֱ͸ûʲô𣬿ʵ
֣ڵ˶Ҳмѵ֣
׵ʵѾﵽܹ֮Ƶĵҩ׶ǿˣ
ǰīǣȻʵӦǷǳĲ
ҪǸȵĻǻС׼ˣ
ǵ̫еĻɵ۾ôܴﲻأ
һߣīϸĻһղŵĶԻ
ô룬оԼ׬ˣ
ֻЩ֣⼸˿ȥҲǺɵΪʲôôأ
׿ī΢΢һЦīȻ˵ĻǲھͿʼɣһһء
ڣȷīǿʵ
Ȼֻǲ֪īҪʲô׿ī΢΢һЦ
īԥһֵܣȻҺҪ㣬ɼȻѾ˶ԼҿɲˡǾͱԱɡ
īȻĳκεĻᰡ׿ī΢΢һЦīǸҪ˵ּȻ˵ĻǱ㿪ʼɡ




2047ŵī
 

ڷֵ꣡
īǽڵķֺŵʱѾʱ֣
֮ǰζīiĳͻҲΪĲˬΪ׵ĳúīiֻߣһЩ
׺黹ռ߽ܲڵķһſڱһλӭ
ȥˣ
λ߿īǵʱҲһ
īҢϣֻȥζԵ㶫ٺ٣þûˣ⡭
īǿŶλīҢҲǺٺһЦ
첻Ǹȥ𣿡
īҢӵĺߣ͵͵ȥΪ˳ԣЩˣ
ʵϣīǵʵȻرǿ󣬲ԱӦûжġ
˵ˣīǵķкüʱˣʶҲǷǳĶ࣬Իϵİȫбϵġ
Ͼڵأīǿڵλǿɲһ˿Աġ
īҢµĲīǵ鷳ֻǵڵԼ鷳
ֻԼλʵǳĲèһ첻ȥζƺоͲζ
īǺٺһЦīҢϣİɣô
ʱûǱߣȥƵҩīҢīǼʵ
īʵֻǿԣļҲǷǳǿģ
īҢȻҲһλ֣īǵĸǰЩ
ֻλʵЩ裬ߺüˣֻһεҩ
һѾǷֺŵһ˵ȶѾǰݷˡ
īǣ
ǱڵδҲڲ֮һ
īǵ˵īҢԼˣҲͲˣҸλֵҪдһļ

īҢףüͷʵ
ȻīҢû˵ЩʲôɾѾ˵Ĳм
׿˿ī΢΢һЦīȷһССĶԼ
жԼǣºˣҳӣ
īҢףҲ¶һ˿Ȼ
ʼҳӿɲҵīԼԸ⣬ұҲīԼģ
īǿīҢ˵һ
ԭīҢ׵˵ɫѾǱֱ䣡
ǣĪΪǼ۸ɣҲǼΪǵСܣ
īҢһīǵĻ˱ŭѣ
ֱڿԼ
һԵīǺīҢϣô˵ǶԱûˣҵǾ˼ֵôûʲôף˭˺أ
ɡҪһʲôĿأīҢϾϽĲӮһأ
īЦһΣˣҲīǼˣҽֵһ磬ҲǺ顣īⱲҲûзˣܹңԸķ䣡
󡭡īҢīǣҲ׽˵
ǲԸ⣬Ҳǿ߰ɣ
׿һīҢһΪ
īһ׵Ļ̵ţȻ˵ˣīҢϣӦ֪Ӯˣλֿɾڵˡˣֲڵĺֺʲôأ
īȻ֪īҢʲôо׵˲ʲôˣ
Ȼ֪׵ΪʲôҪԼԣǸҸԼԼǿҪӮҲһ׵飡
ʵī֮лһΪ֪뷨ǾһԼˣ׵ҲԼô
Ҫ֪ıڵĶЩѲΪԼܹڳΪǵˣǲܵģ
ԣīǾԼǷǳĳԿοԼӮĸʻǷǳĴģ
īҢʼվЩΣ
īǵ뷨࣬Ϊīǵ֮ҲΪŵġ
ɻʾڵǿߣӲĿ»治У
īҢ̾һ֮Ȼ˵֮ˣҳ˵ǰ棬ǼλҪһЩɸ˵Ļʱɱڲǻ·
ǺǣīҢ϶Լûκεİ
׿һīҢ֮͸һϷ֮⣡
ֵܣϻǾͲ˵ˣīҢڵϣʮ־տīҢΣ
īǿѯʵ
һԵռܲҲЩ̲ס˵ִ磬Լˣۡǻǡ
ԣ
ռܲĻû˵꣬ѾǴӦīǣ
īڵһӣ˼ҶˣʲôӦأ
īǵˣС˵Ļ˵ʲôҲûκεô
ѲҪͨīǴﵽһЩɸ˵ĿģȻǣ
һǾīٻһɽӴҲȥȡһҲЩϧ
һѣǱȶһҪðɣ
֪īˣҪѣ¸߰ͷ­ܹ׵ķ
˳ڵ˹ȥһʱҲǷ




2048㲻ǿЦɣ
 

С˭ȻҸ
һһ֪ߵغȥҲϡƽ
˵ʵǿ֪ǲһأ
ָƨ˭ɽ˸ڵǶ
ǣοǸأǿڲŰ
ڵһɫ֮дһ˿˿Ĳм֮ɫ
ʵǿ
֮Уʵǿ˵ʲô
Щʵǿ֮֮˵ǰǹԵĸһ
ҲǵõкܶɵۼǿߣΪѰĵҩŵǿ߶Цݿģ
ĵطôܷأ
ںţʵĲҪġ
οǵ۽綼ǷǳĸߣɻʾǿȻʵǿҪǸǵ˱ǻ֮Աǵġ
ҲΪʲôЩʵһ㣬ȴҶ׵һԭ
˼Ű
ľڱ˸ҪԼ
ֱǶڵһư
ԣڵȻͬ飬ױ͵һǴˣ
ɻʾǿΣ
ֲǱȵɱȵǿ

һڵӱ⣬ϾĹ̷ǳĸӣ԰Ҫġ
м˽
īҢ֮һһͬĻī̺īǨλϣ
ԭһǣߵķֺţǿǰżλǿ
īҢī̺īǨ˱һǿݣ
ֻΪīڶīΪ
ʵīǳէʱҲǱ⼸ӣ
ǿīҲǿԼүүĵλ
ī֮ǰڣһֱԼһ˶ܶ˸֪ʵ
ֱǰīһչ֮ﳤϲų׵ķˡ
īܹڵķֺнʱյĵλǿʵ֧ŵġ
ɽ֮У
Ψʵܹŷһ׼
īҲһӵܵĻЩ˱Ϸ֮пҲܵķġ
īҢϣ⼸ʲôͷҪ
ī̺īǨԭڶϢҲΪ˶ǲŸġ
ֻǸʱ׵Ѿǳķ˹
īҢͷҲ֪⼸˴ðģ˵֮ǰڵĺͻǵʵǿ
ʵǿΣǿһһģҵҲļһҪӮī̳ʵ
һԵīǨҲǵ˵ЩҪˣԺɾˣ
˵ˡīҢ
Ƣֲǲ֪׼ʮͷҲҵǾӮӦûġ
īǨīҢҲ΢΢һЦȥ˿ûκεĵģ
ϣ˰ɣֵֹܾģҲӦаٷ֮ʮĻӮīҢ
ٺ٣Щ˿¾ǰͶڵģҿֻһͷѣǿ˭ҪοʲôݣҿӦǿݡ
ī΢˼һȻЦŵԼ뷨Ӧûġ
īҢ̾һˣ߲ȥʲô˼أȻѾˣǾͿ⼸˵ʲôţ񣡣
׺īվ¯м䣬īƺǳ˷ܣ
Цŵ֣ϣ㲻ҪʧҲ۸㣬Ǿһ¯ˡ
Ǻǣһռˣ
׿¯Ҳ΢΢һЦƺںĸо
֣ʵռ˵ңȻǶľ֣ҶģǾûбҪЩˡڿԿʼ˰ɣ
īƺЩͣϣûʵ෴ģǸӵϣܹԼ
¶ܣ
īһĸо֮УԼүү֮⣬ƺҲǺҵʲô֣
ȻҲбԼģǲΪǵʵԼǿ̫ˣ
ͬһ֮ͬУû֣
ȻûиʽıԹүүѾô˵ˡ
ʲô׿īʵ
ȻģôʲôҩΣī΢΢һЦں˵
ֻҪžԵģ
׵ͷռһˣȻ˵ĻҿǾͱȱƾɵΣ
ۣ
׻δͬʱīҢλϼԼĿˮ˳
һԵīҲĿɿڴĿʵ㡭㲻ǿЦɣ




2049
 

ɵ
ɽΪͨһֵҩ˵ôֵֵҩ
ɵʲôñȵģ
Ƕ˵ƾɵǼֱСеСƣ
ͺñһѧһһһڼⲻǱ
˼Ҿ˵ˣ˵Ȼ
īһεĿʵ˵֣㡭㲻ǸҿЦɣ
ôī˵ѡƺֵҩҿɵͦõģ
׿ī΢΢һЦʵʲôҩν
׿ҪľǾɵƣʱ仨ѲǺܳ
ī쳣ɵʲôƵģ
ʵϸղѯ׵ʱҲǿһЩ
ϾԼǿ˼ҵȣЩʤ֮ĸо
Ҳһ ԼӮҲԼϿԹȥ
û뵽׾Ȼƾɵ
һԵīҢī̵ΪУҲüͷīҢΪ׳ֹӣ㻹ˡĿ࿴ɵʲôĵҩҾͲ˵˰ɣһ֮ˣ¶ĺܣ

޾ĳ
īҢǰһʵ̫һЩ֮ûκλأ
׳īҢϵ˼أѾˣֺαѡأ
īǿīҢ˳λϣƾɵҲǲԡǾɵҲǷΪܶĲΡ
ɵûκεѶȣ֮УֻҪ΢һЩĵӣǿԽɵƵ飬ʤʵûʲô塭
īҢǾƾɵãֻƵѶʵ̫СһЩ
ЦһɵȻ򵥣ȴǳĿУ֮˵Ĺ
ãҴӦ㣡
īǳȻƾɵȥȷЩ
īǿƾɵҲȵʤһġ
ɵĵηΪܶ࣬ʵҪľǿöɵ̺֮ж٣
ɵΪɽĳҩɽʵǿ֮˵׷
ƷɵǸɾӣ
ϾҪʵ̫̫ˣԽǺõĵҩǼ۸ȻԽǰ
˵⼫ƷɵļֵһЩõĵҩ
īҢЦһȻˣɵ;ɵˣһεĹܼ򵥣ͬͬĲϣ˭ܹƳ̺ǿľɵǱ˭Ӯˣ
ͬ⣡
û⣡
׺īǼͬʱ˵ѾǷֱ¯ķ˹ȥ
ī̵ľԼļ˵ƾɵĵҩ˭ӵռƣ
һʼīǻΪռƣɺתһ룬ʵԼռơ
ԽƵͼĵҩھʵҪԽͣ
ɻʼĵҩҪ֧жͿ֪ˣ
Ϊͨĵҩ⼼ԵñʵҪҪˣ
ôһ룬īҲǺٺһЦ
׾͵ʴװ
ƾɵĲѾǷ˵¯Աߣÿ˵涼Ǻܾ׼ģ
ϾɻʾǿߣҪǲܵ飡
ڣ
īǵб˼ƣǰ¯˲ðһ˿ɫĻ磡
𣡣
ÿһʦ߱ļܣʵԼһڻ״Ķ
Ҫ۳ǻҪ츳
ÿһ˶ܹ۳ģȻˣ۳УҲǰ׳
һżܶҪضȱһɵģ
ܿ죬īǵһӣԭǰЩһӱڿն𣬳¯ķ˹ȥ
ЩϾǳ۾һ㣬¯֮бʧǽɫ֮У

Ƭ֮󣬽ɫ֮ѾǱŷһ𿾵
Ĳٿַ찡īҢīǵӣҲǐź΢΢ͷ
һԵī΢΢һЦ㿴ֵСӶЩĿɿڴˣ
īǨ΢΢׵ɵʲôѹѶȣƼʵȴ򵥣СѡɵĿĵİ
֮ǰžɵѾǴﵽ˼ƷĲΣǻһɵƷɾͲ˵˰
īҢٺһЦһīǵӣķˡ
īҢ˵ҲǣƾɵֵҩӦø˲ǰīǨҲǹһЦ
Զ
׹۲һīǣһȷǷǳĲ
˴ԼһĹ֮Ҳ۳һ˿ɫ
ɫʵǸʵйأϾԭųһ̬
ֻǵ׼ʼʱīǱ߶Ѿˣ
䣡
¯֮зһ΢ı֮īǵҲ¶һ˿˿Ц⡭




2050¸еĵҩ
 

ɵ
ûκεѶȣǶī˵˵СеСƣ
һĹѾˣ
īǶƾɵҲԼķ
𿴽ôʱ䣬ȴѾʮϣ
ÿһε൱һȥʡḶ́
ʮεþɵһδεĵõᴿ
ΪڲϣīǿľɵѾܹﵽƵ۷ˡ
Ʒɵ
ôĲĽһŵҩŵҩһѰľɵЩͬ
Ѱľɵһ԰ɫΪžɵıȴһ˿Ľɫ
ǼƷɵı־˿īǵҲ¶һ˿Ц⣡
һԿʼƵףЩеӣ
һεľɵƺͻư
īҢʶѾӹīеһöʳ¯ľɵҲǳ˾֮ɫ
һԵīǨҲǼ˵Ҳ˰ɣ
īǨĻ˵Ǹīһߵۣ
ī΢΢һЦӵĵǲöɵҩЧӦ൱ͨƷɵĶʮ
ʮ
λϿīǣҲǳ֮ɫ
Ҫ֪һļƷɵҩЧԼƷɵ屶ңϾǾɵѣ
ܹﵽ˵ҩЧѾ̾Ϊֹˣ
֮ǰīչʾԼʱҲƹ⼫Ʒɵģ
ʱöƷɵҩЧѾ൱ƷɵʮһЩ
ʵīҢ˶ھɵƣҲĵã
īҢܹƳļƷɵҩЧҲ൱һƷɵİ˱ң
ǶīǷǳ
û뵽һīƳļƷɵȻܹƷɵҩЧĶʮ
Ѿǳǵ֪Χˣ
ī΢΢һЦӦǴﵽ˼ˣȥĻǵʱҩķͻƿһҲðһ£Ҳ
ʵϣīԭƵʮ屶ƷɵʱѾҪˣ
գһε˼Σ
öƷɵﵽ˶ʮƷɵЧʱҲȥˡ
ѾǴﵽöҩ۷״̬ˣ
Ȳʤȯ
īΪʲô¶ЦݣΪһӵõһΣ
ڳˣ
ϲٳ߸ͷһ֪ҲҪˡ
īҢīǣȻûм˵ȥ˼ѾǱĺˡ
һԵīǨ˿ī΢΢һЦǰˣ
ǰһ￴ȥϡƽĺܰ㿴ƵַȥҲǷǳһ㰡
īҢҲǵͷȻǿ׵֣
οڵīѾǳӣƳ˱ƷɵǿʮļƷɵ
ʲô
ղ˵ĿɲǼٻ¼īǵүүڵҲˣ
һܹƵĳ˵ļƷɵأ
ī΢΢ҡͷʵǿλֵַҲ쳣ҿƺ֮ҵĻҪһЩ
﴿ɲҪ־Լ簡ǴĽɫ㿴֮лɫһͲ⣡
īҢף˿ЩϣϾҲǽɫ
ǿ׵𻹲ȥǣôܹᲢأ
ī̺īǨҲǵͷӮˣҰ¯ȥ
Щţīһչֳʵʵ̫ǿˣ
ֻǲ֪׿ƵΪʲôɫأ
ʵϣ֮ˣû˿Կó
֮г˽ɫ֮⣬֮ҲǼһ˿
Ҫ֪žԵЧģ
ҩ̺֮Ϊʲô˵İ磿ǻΪᴿЧ
Ǽ˵ѹ
ʮǼޣ
׿ⲻǸʼѣ
ײϵĿʼƣԭŵҲǽ˱仯
īǾô׿ţԼӦӮˣױû˿ı仯ҲЩ֣
һΪʲôͻôأ
䣡
īǵ˶׵ʱ׸ǰ¯֮ѾǴһѵ
Ĺ׾Ѿ˾ɵƣ
ǾɵȥīǵľɵСһ޶ɵīҢ˽ʶ̽ȥʱȴֻһ˿ƣ
īеöƷɵȣֱͲһεİ




2051ҩī
 

ڷֺŵڣ
īǵһҩƶ֮ıǵĿ⼸ͬʱʳ¯öҩȥ
Ŀ棡
˵ʶͬʱɨ˹ǿ֮㶼¶һ˿˿Ц⣡
Ҳоɵ
֮һƳĵҩҪһҪǿɣ
öҩȻֻͨƷɵ֮һҵҩЧīҢ˼ǿЦֹ
һŵЦ֮īҢ΢΢ҡͷһΪֹʲôʦڿǹӵİ
׵ĿһīҢ⻹ûԹⵤҩҩЧô֪أ
ߣԲѣ㻹ӲɣԺǱĸˣīǨŭһ
ĵҩҲ˼ó
ԼĻˣֻһﾹȻ˵Լû䣿
ĲһĴ󰡣
īǰڰֵλϣ˵ҲЩӮΣҲҪҩЧ֮˵ɣ
⡭ⲻԵİɸﰡҳʵȷǿԣҪĻǿ˦ʮְ
ī̿īǣ֪Ϊʲôīǵʱ򻹰ף
ѾǸˣ
䲻ǰ϶һƺѾûκεˣ
һԵЦһǺǣڵ˿Ҳǲʶ
ȻܹܵõƵĵҩ֮ڵȵŵҩԱ֮׵ĵҩҩЧīǵ
ʲô
ֻΪһİ˺̽õΣ
˵һ飡
īҢ飬Ҳŭһ
СӵʵǿôһЩΣ
ǱڣѲɻ˲ɣ
ʵǿ֮ˣǼˣ˭˵Ű裿
ɵۼǿߣҲǿͿģοǰλɻʾ֮ˣ
Ҫ˵װڰֵѿ֮û壡
īǺɵĿ˿׵֣ĪΪ㻹лӮҲɣ
ô֪أ׵Ļش
Ǻǣֿһŵˣκ鶼ôĴ䲻ҵǺôӮңȻҪһҹˣ
īҲЩջ׻Լˣɣ
Լľţʱں
ɳϱջҪŵİɣȥīǾѹ䲻Ľడ
īҢһȻ˵ĻǾֱӵķˣ
ãŵҩͬһãʱֱӵȽΣ
īǿף
ŵҩϣǽĵӿ϶ǲ֪ŵҩ˭Ƶˡ
һܹʤ
ν
׵˵ʵҩֻеȵڵһ̣ܹĸܵ
֮ǰһвǱѣ
ܿ죬һڵӷεѾ˽֮ҲЩãĿ˵λϣ֪λǰǡ
īɣΪ˼һöҩҩЧīҢīɵӳ
ʵǳܡīɿżҲǾʧ˵
ʵīǺ׵ıԣҲֵЩзܶ˶Ƕ֮Աǣ
еʱīɻǷǳĽţ
Ҫ֪īɵĵӣɺڵʵѣͷǳᣡ
˼ұԣǵҩ¶Ǹ߼ҩȥ鰡
ʵҲûŰ
ֻǾɵҪΪɵĻһأǷֺߣɾʵˡ
īҢһҲǸīһᣡ
ȻҲ֪Ƶɵͻƣȴܹһ¾绹ǲģ
īһǾɵҲһ͡;ɵǡûģ
˿̣Ҳǳĺһɵѣû̫ѹˣ
ŵҩֱֹƵģ˭ʤ˭һ֮˰īҢЦŵ
īɿīҢʵġĸĵҩ
ԼȥжϣǸˣ׵ŵҩҪȳһţīҢ
ȳɣ
īɿǵҩͨ嵭ɫһɫͷǳĲ
һԵǸҩƺϡƽĺܣȻõˡ
ݣ
īһ̧īǵһöҩѾĿУһǿֱĸըѿ




2052īǣˣ
 

Űīɵϱѿ
˲䣬öƷɵīɵڷɢϵɢ
īɱϾɺڵǿߣܿȶ񣬿ʼöƷɵ
īɵ֮£ϵĴľɺڵľϲϵȹ̣
ֻҪٳ߸ͷһ⼸ǲܵģ
ϾֻǾɵ
ٺõľɵҪͻƶѣ
οīƵöɵѾǷǳˡ
Լʱ֮öҩҩЧĽͣīҲǻĻع
⡭ҷùõľɵˡ
īɲǴţƷɵͲ࣬ΪڵĵйԵġ
һȫȷǼƷɵߵļƷɵ
ţһŵҩ
īҢīɵĻҲ΢΢ͷϹЦݡ
仰Ѿ֪һεıԼӮˡ
߻һöҩôҲĽɣ
⡭öҩͲ˰ɣֻһۣ֪öҩ
īɲ֪öҩ˭ƵģѾԿ϶ԼղŷµöҩԼƵġ
һöûзõĵҩʵ˿Щ᲻Ȥ
ʵҲϣҪĻҩĲôΣ
īɣīҢԣôϻûʲôҩЧΣٻЩҩЧĲ𣿡
īǳ֮Ѿռ˾ԵϷ磬Ϊ׾ûκεĻܹӮԼ
üȻǱԣضֻбҪģ
ԼʵǿǾͲر˵ĻǺīiʲô
īҢҲǳīɣݵʲô͸ʲô
ǣϣ
īЩΣڵʵɵʲôأ
ǸղôõľɵȥҲǹһԼľѣ
ҪͻƣǱҪмǿΪ̼пܳΪɼǿߡ
ЩڣҲȥҩģ˵ڵ˾ܹķõҩ
ϾôˣҶƾ³Էģ
īɵӿֳһĨмɫֱһ˦ǵҩԼĿУ
ڼ
ֻǵīɵһĨм֮ɫո¶ʱɫ˾޴ı仯
һҵݷԼϵһ㣬ֱԼ֮
˵ղŵľɵѾǺĻôöɵĸǰǼֱͲܱȣ
һɹɼǿֱīɸоԼ嶼챬ըˣ
ϥ
ѭ
īֱ쳣£ȥǷʲô˲õĴһ㣡
Ԫǿڲϵţ˵Ŀⶼīɿ˹ȥ
˿̵īɸڼ֮УΪĸоԼҪͻˣ
漣
һöɵȻܹԼͻƵĸоָо쳣ǿ
īǿīɵӣüͷѾһԵīҢҲһ۵С۵Ŀǰīɣ
⡭ô°ôоīҪͻأīҢȷʵ
ҺҲĸоǸղĵҩЧɣīǨīҲʵ
īǳ֣ⵤҩƺЩŹְ
ʵϣ׵ĵҩһ˿Щ޷
ɷµҩīȴܹܵ漫ǿѾǽԼĵ֮Уʱ׼ͻƣ
ʱһһĹȥˣīƺ˳֮У
䣡
һͳ뵽˵ĶУ˼ĿɿڴĿǰīɣ
ͻˣ
ɾֱͻ˽ɳڣɫ˻ɫǾͻƵı־
˵ڴ֮£ī˫ۣһֲŵɫ棡
⡭⵽ĸĵҩ
īȻͻˣͻ֮ĵһ仰ѯ
īҢīɳⲻӦùܵ飬͸ңղŵĵһŵҩ͵ڶŵҩĸһЩ
ԡȻǵڶŵҩˣ˵һŵҩ൱һͰˮĻôԺŵҩ൱ͰˮһЩҲܳҵĵĹ˳ͻˡ
īһ˵ʵڻȻ֪öɵĸƵġ
һЩĿ϶Ƶģ
ֻīɵĻһѾһƬƽ
īǾˣ
īҢ˸һͷˮĿŶԷ֪׷ʲô飿
ȻˣʵЩܲʵ
īɿ϶׵а˼ͻˣʵ
ԴīɷƵĵҩһ̣ǿīɵӣǸоһ˿˿Ĳ
ֻһ˿ĲתΪʵˣ
˵Ŀⶼ׵ˣǰˣĺҪ֪Լôʧܵġ




2053īǰʦ
 

īɵĻ
һԵռܲڵԭΪ׸ڵƴ϶Ǳɣ
û뵽׾ȻӮˣӮôĸɴ࣡
ʵϣһֱ״ûаյ飡
һοŵףѾǳ׵İˡ
ǵ׷ӵɽ磬׻ôԼݵǸˣ
īɿˣʿˮҡ˵ʲô𣿡
û˵ֻȷƵľԪҩЧҵ𣿡
īЩŵĿīʵʵ⣡
ƽĶȻӵ˺˵
ôأ
ղûиоĴڰ
ֻ˵ʲôѾûôˣѾ£ѾˣǲҰܣ
⡭Բҡ
īЩľԭһĨϲã˿ҲǱ֣
īǳûʲôԲҵģǼˣֻҪȷһ¶ѡ
ǡǵġ
īɵĻīɫͨ죬һԵīҢֱЩˡ
ϵ֮ɫѾԱ
īҢЩ֧֧˵⡭⡭ôôأ
ûʲôܵģǿǿ֣һɽһɽߣȻɽǣɽ첻ҲԺǻǲҪԷƱˣֹ֮
ī仰ǳ׵ĳʧܣ
׿ī΢΢һЦô˵īǳԼʧˣ
ҳϣһһ֮룬ܹӦ
īǿףҲ˸һ˿ε
£üʵ
īǵǰϣһݣǰܹΪͽԺͽʦ̻壡
⡭򲻿ɰ
īҢ˾ˣԼҵȻҪʦˣҴ˵ݲԥûԥͰʦˣ
ǴǵжԵأʱǷǳΣ
λϣǾͲҪȰˣīһ׷ľļ£ԭΪҿ϶ܹӮǰҷǰĲѾһǰˣүүҲƵĳ˵ľɵ
īԶΪҷǳиԣ
ڣƢҲǳģ󰮺ãһǾǳԣڶ
Ϊīǵ츳ʵ̫ڣҲĸԸİݱΪʦ
ԼүүҲֻѧϰѣûΪԼүүʦ
ΪԼֻҪŬܹϳԼүү
ɾڽ죬׵ıˣ
öɵ׵ûκεƢ
īǿöҩΪһӿ¶޷ԽƺѾǳ֪
īǳʧˣĺҪ֪׵ôƵģ
׿īǵһ㶣ʵҲҪͨķڴϹϵ
ʵīǣԼõģ
Ҳû뵽īǾȻֱӰʦЩסˡ
һԵ鿴ף׵ͷīǰʦѧվһ£ٶ˵һ£
׿īǳīǺ⣿
ǰǰΪͽԺͽΪʦЧȮ֮ͣīһεĹ
һԵīҢһΣ»ǹޱȰ
׿һīǵͽܣǿɲһɵ顭
ǲ³Կ࣡
īǿȥǷǳִţʵ׷󣬾ҲǷǳľ壡
ʵû֧ţ治һīǵĶ֣
ᣬһҲˣ
΢΢ͷȻ뷨ұҵͽɡ
ʵҲɽ磬յĵһͽܣ
ֻͽܵͷ治һĴԺ󵽵ҪһЩʲôֻܹʱ˵ˡ
īǵ˵ߵŰݣȻŲˮݸף˰ʦ֮
īҢȻҪֹȴָֹ
һʱ䣬īҢԵޱȣ
ԭǿǸˣҡһѾΪʦ̫ˣ
ʦ𡭡īǿףЩĿһЦ
׳ԺлᣬҶȻȥ㣡ֻΪʦҪҪ죬㻹ǲҪˣҵĹϵҲҪ
֡ǰĪҪʲô˵ɣīҢû˵
īҢϣôʦ˵أīǳīҢƵ˵ʦ˿ɻûͬⰡ
ҵȻԼүүкιϵī
׵˵ˣԵĻǿ϶ټġ
ʦҪɶɶҸһȥī̵
ҡҡͷҪμڵڴᣬǽ֮ûĻȥϷ۳ңʱȻȥ㡭
ڴ᣿ʦڵˣ
īǿףҲЩɻʵһԵ˿Ҳüüͷ




2054𺳵ڷֺ
 

īǣǿڵ
ǴڵˣһЦ
һڵ˳Ϊʦϵɾ͸ˡ
׿ī΢΢ҡͷǣ
ţʦڵˣôܲμڴأīǿЩɻʵ
һԵīҢ⻹ҪôǱȥģҪô˱ȥµģ
ʵīҢҲǺһ˵˭£ⲻ
Ϊɽĳ֮һһܹȥµĵط
ʱҪȥµĻ±ڵ׸ˣ
׿һīҢ΢΢һЦīҢϵǲ²Ĳ
ŶԭʦȥĿ˰ҾͲˣҲܵڵ룡
īǿףһܹԼλεʦһˡ
ʵīǴطѾЩˣԼ͸ˣЩƨĸоˡ
ҵȵʱ򻹿һȥ΢΢һЦ
⵹ʡȥܶ鷳ԭҪŪ·ڵģҪǸīǽȥĻǸӵһЩˣ
õΣʦҪȻϢһӣȵʱһȥ
īǶ׵̬ǽһȻˣ˱īĶ׵Ȥ
ΪһˣȻҪѧϰ׵ˣ
״ӦΪʦ˵˷ܣǿ϶ǲܵġ
īҢƵĺܣҲûа취
ֲţߣȻһ˶ˡ
΢΢ͷǻһЩҪ죬Ȱڻɡ
ʲô°ī߻һЩӵģʦҪõŵĵطĻīǿڵ˵
װڰֵʱãԼԽ
⡭
īǸоԼ̬ǰλʦͿϰ
ʵڰʦ֮ǰԥģϾ⣡
ʦ֮ԼʦһЩҪ󣬿˼ѹʲôûᣡ
⵹īЩ̫˼ˣԼͽƺʲôæҲﲻϰ
棡
״ռܲŶūгķ˹ȥ
˿̣ڷֺŵĵһָָ㣬Ƕ֪׷ʲô飡
һôˣղīɽȥʲô˰
ǿһɫһҹƾˣ
ǰƾҲȣӶʣ˰ɣ
ٺ٣ڱһﻹҪһЩ
īɳˣǸϽȥɶīС׬˰
һߴߴ˵ͣ׵ȴδЩ£ֱ뿪ߣ
īǵĿ뿪֮ҲһεĹţ
īҢǼīǣƺīеβĸо
ոմīɣȴѾǳΪ׷ѰĽ㣡
īɣ
һ˸ļһվīɵĸǰЩָʹ˵
ƺͲֵܹĳԼһ㡣
īɿҲǱϹϾҾīչʦ֣ҡ
Ӵǣȥһ֮˵Щͬôţͼλ˵仰Ͳ֪ߵغ˰
īչī֮дһ˿Ȼ
īչʦ֣ʲô飿īʵлǶԸղŷ֮飡
Ȼûʲô˼ȥشīչʣʦֵܵĹϵǶīչȽϵĿ
ߣǾҪʣղǼСôǼģ
īչīɣܶ˶Ƿǳţǵ϶ǱӮɵģֻҪ֪ôӮģ
īչʦ֣Ȱ˵ʱעһЩ˵˭أīɳ
СӣҾ˵ղǼôˣҪȣǰɣҪͼλŵĻҴ
īչЦһһԵЩҲǹЦ
˼ǿеЩӮҲѾλǰΪʦˣһĻ
īԼûĹˣڶīչҲûʲôƢˡ
ղīչʵһ뷨ģɵǰƵĵҩ֪֮˼ǲţˣ
ЩˣʵЩ˾óЦ
īɳǰȥֻīչĿɿڴĿǰһУһ̼˵Цݶˣ
Щ˶סԼͣԼһС˵ʲô
ɢֻеһĨȴþûɢȥ




2055ռҴС
 

ūг
׺ռܲһߣۼŵ²һӾͿ׵ˣ
ֿݴ˿ѾǸϻˣֻĬĬĸ˵󣬿ȥ͵ĺܣ
˭֪׵ŵһλɵۼǿأ
ѽѽֹӣôֻˣŵ²ſ׺ٺһЦĪֹӻһЩū
ŵ²ţҹеģϣܹشң׿ŵ²ų
ŵ²Ѿ֪׵ĲĽôܹأ
׵Ļŵ²źٺһЦֹʻСȻ֪޲޲
ţ˵һθһͽģһλǰɣ
׿ŵ²ʵָȻռܲеռҴСˡ
ŵ²һ㶣Ҳ̵ͷȷôˣֻǡ
Ѿȥ𣿡ֱʵ
ǵûУֻŵ²ЩԥĿ˿ס
ֻʲô
һԵռܲĿŵ²ʵϽ˵磶С㵽ôˣ
ŵ²ʼ⡭ɵǼҴСˡ
ǼҴС㣿˭ʵ
λ֪ūгĺ浽˭𣿡ŵ²ſףҲЩƵʵ
һԵūгΤҵĲҵ
λ˵ļǣλ磵Ůûм죬ͱСˣڵ׸ʲôǾͲ֪ˡ
ŵ²ʼЩΪˣ

׿ŵ²ʵڿҵռҵλС㣬ͱҪҵǸΤҵСˡ
⡭ҸֹϤĻСǾǲ͸ġǼλҪǼҴСĻǵǿȥķȥǴСֽΤϦ
ŵ²ſ׵ŵ²ŵĻҲ΢΢ü
ɽжķҲ֪ģʵУʵܶطеġ
ֻ׶Ȥѣ
׵ȥķķ򼲳۶ȥֻռܲƺķƺûκεĸ
ɽ֮УʶѾǿһĵزôȥأ
ռܲЩ̲סĿʵףɽ绹жķ
Ǻǣôˣ˵ĵطЩÿһ˶ǶͽֻЩ˶ĵʯЩ˶ĵѡ
׿ռܲҲЦŵ˵Ѿ磵Ϣˣ
ռܲõİɣֻǲ֪ǵôķЩֶѣǼҴСǸΤϦŮ˵ϣܾܲȳ
֮ܲǰռҲһѾߣôôİ
֮ǰռܲûô⣬Ƿһ·£Ҳ
һԵ鿴ռܲҲǵǰɩӣʦķ˰ȻǵѾʹǸʲô
䡭ʵҪռҵĻһɽҲ˵أСķǳĺãĻʵҸ׽һ㣬ԡ
ռܲ׺飬ԭĵؾͺټ磸Ĺϵôܷأ
΢΢ͷԭˣȻǼܲĶˣҿ϶ǻȵģİɡ
ҲǵͷɩӵĶ˰˵ɩôôأǵʱҲȥϷ۳ʱܰľͰһѰɣ
׵ͷҲǣøһݴ񡣡
ǡǲϷ۳̫ӵ𣿡ռܲ𾪵Ŀʵʶ
ǺǣԺ֪ˣȥķ磵˵ɡ
׿ռܲҲЦŵĹϵЩ˵
ڻڲĵĽ׶ΣҲ̸Ĺϵ
ֻеȵһȥϷ۳ʱ򣬻ܹһ顣
Ƿеľͷ
һߴĽŵļ֣ԶԶıԿĺ
ķɽȷһĴڣ
ʵĶķӵļһЩЩ׿ӦöǴ½ġ
ҪĻΪΪⶫȴҲֱӵһ淨
ɽ֮Уÿһ˵ʶǳǿֻܹһЩֶβܹ
ײ֪ӵʲôɵģ
ֻҪǶģǾͻܶˣ
ɽ֮УԴѷķȻܵ˺ܶ˵Ļӭ
Ϊֻ棬һҹĻᡣ
ȻˣȻһҹĻᣬҲҵ
׵˳˹ȥŶķͷܶӣҲվſڡ
ܿ죬һλķ·Ѿǳǵķ˹




2056ķ
 

ķſڣ
׵ҲʶǸΤϦŮӣôˣҲפۿţ
λɣ
˿ףҲǹЦݣһںƵĵ䷶
ֲЦˣ
׿Ҳ΢΢ͷһǣȻҪĶķʶʶˣһ𣿡
λ˵ϲȻλô˵ˣǽ÷ǺӴżλתתΣ
÷Ǻӵӿףʼմһ˿Цݣ
׿˿ǰӣһʵȻﵽɻʾ
һλɻʾǿ߾ȻﵱһСˣרӭͣ
ķʵǲСﰡ
΢΢һЦ˶лˣ
λӹհ÷ǺӿЦЦ׳֣
ֹӣķ淨ܼ򵥣Ӳ´С̵ǲһ֪λģ
÷ǺӿףҲǴǰ⼸ˡ
ʵϣ÷ǺӲʲôСˣķ֮ˣֻһ¶Ϊ
Ȼ֪÷ǺӵݣΪ˵źһ޶ֻʵȥ֮һҪ߳һЩ
Цŵ󶼿ԣ
ŶֹӵĿǲСҪȻһȥ¥÷Ǻӿʵ
¥ɻĿ˿÷ǺӣҲ֪ĶķӦòֻһġ
ΤϦȻΤҵĴС㣬ôܸЩ˶ļʯôļأ
÷ǺЦŵ¥ķĹ涼һЩͷֹ֣ӼȻ˵󶼿ԣǲ֪
÷ӣ֪ʶʶһΤϦˣ
Ҳû̫أĿľҪΤϦġ
Ȼˣ÷ǺȻһ㣬ȻĿȥһС˲̫һ
׾һӦûʶΤϦģȻĻôֻҪΤϦҲ¥Ļȥкηأ
ΤС㣿֪ΤСǡ÷ǺӿͻȻʵΤϦҲһɻʵ
׿÷Ǻӵһ˵ΤСһڡ
ֹӿĽΤСķĳֹҪΤСĶľô
÷Ǻӿף֮Ҳ˸һ˿˷ܵĹâ
ΪķĸˣսΤϦˣȻǸһ޶˰
׵ͷҵ룬ֻҲʶΤС㣬˼ҲһԸǶİ
ֹ˵ЦˣȻ˶ķͼľһֻ̼ǽΤСѾ˶ľֹ֣ӼȻˣҪȻȽȥ
÷Ǻӵȷǻ⣬ҲûдӦ˵һܹμӣ
ȴȥʱкʵĻҲһ£
÷Ǻ£ɲҪһӵ
Ȼ¿ͣһǴͻȻͼһˡ
ý׵ȥȻһ죬ʱڸΤϦһĻǾȻˡ
ǹˣ
׵ͷ÷Ǻһ˵ȳ¥˹ȥ
һ·ϣܶഩŸ÷ǺӷβС˶ǳ÷ǺӹȻһݲͣ
ܿ죬Ǳ㳯¥ķ˹ȥ
¥ƺĵط治һ澹Ȼһ󷨵ƺǱжһ㣡
¥µЩ֮ѾԶĸεˣ
ûĻһҪ¥ЩѶء
ķ¥
İ䣬ÿſڶмţ
÷Ǻ׵˳һ˹ȥ֮һ÷ǺӵʱѾǽŸˣ
÷ǺȽǰ֮У׵Ǹһ䣡
ӳǺʯƳɵİ˸˸оĵβһ㣬ټĿռ֮Уڷһ̨
Ǹ̨ΧˣŮȥĺܡ
ÿһŵ˺棬վūһˣЩ浽ĸо
ռܲԶĳ֮һ;˳
ܿ챻׸ֹˣԶЩҲ̧ͷ׵˵ķ˿
÷峤ô˽Ҫɨǵˣ
˵ŮӾΤϦʵҲǴռܲղɨȥķ֪ġ
ΪվǸŮӿռܲʱҲǼѡ
ֻƺܺõĿԼ¶һĨŨŨ֮ɫȻǲӵù׵۾ġ
÷ǺӿΤϦ΢΢һЦΤС㣬ôأĿɶǹͰλֹҲҪѣ⡭
÷峤ûиɣǸҪѶܸһôǸЦ
ΤϦ÷ǺӣҲһɣƺǳĲˬ
÷ǺһЦһԵ׿ΤϦ˿壬С椵ġ
ֻû뵽СƢͦ𱬵ġ
̤ǰһȻǶķ˭ĲǶأ
Ҳ䣿
ΤϦЩԣƺǰЩ˴·ǳĲˬ




2057һܺ
 

ķ¥
ΤϦ̬÷ǺӷǳΣȥΤϦĶ˲̫ãƢҲ
÷ǺЦŵΤС㣬ҪȻҾֹӵһɡ
ΤϦ÷峤ʲô˶찡
ΤСƢƺôðȻǶķȻѰӣĪΤС㺦ˣ
׵֮гƵζΤϦ
ΤϦһߣ̱ŭһվƾҲС˵ĻҸ㣬ֻҪõóǧƷʯұ¡
ǧƷʯ
÷ǺҲһ㶣ΤС㻹˵óڰ
ʵϽ¥İ֮жԶģķҲǳһЩɶѡ
һ£ֻҪӵаƷʯͿԽ¥ˡ
һӣһ۹ڵ
Ѱܹ֮мʯѾǲˣǧЩǿˡ
ΤϦԱߣһҲЦһϦôõóôأҪǶģ»񣡡
ΤϦһһԵӵФһ㣬ҪϦϦĺҪĻɱΤϦˣ
õõãû˵û˵
ǸФƺŭΤϦЩ˳ĸо
ФʵҲǴͷ
ȻܹߣܹΤϦһ棬Ȼ͡
ǧƷʯǺǣǿˣ
״ҡڵĳ̨֮ȥֿǳź˹ȥ
ռܲףΤϦԱߣҲվ׵
ֻĿΤϦǸŮӵϣ֮еһĨ֮ɫ֮Ҳ˫΢΢
һĻ˲ע
ΤϦһ㶣漴ŭһ˭µģôĵӣ
÷ǺӸϽΤС㣬ֹǿõóǧƷʯ
ȥһҿ
ΤϦŭɶܵľǿһ㣬ȥʵҲһ֮ˡ
׿Χļ˵֪ڶһƺЩ̫˰ɣѲôһķ˲ɣ
ֹԼǣչأҪһһƷʯĳ룡÷ǺӿףҲǵ
һһѣ
Фվ˳¶һ˿Цݣһ֪һҪΤϦͷˡ
ֻΤϦƺ飬ȻҲûκεķԣ
Ǻǣһ붼ʡ˰
΢΢һЦĴݺţΧ˵һ졣
ܹĳϣֵܹ˴ŵ˱Ͼ
ҾϲäĿŵˣФһܺãѾӮһǧƷʯˣǾͶһΣ
Ф֮䣬磬ȥΪ
һǧĺһ˻Ǹϲϣ
ֻϧһȴһҪݵĽɫ
׸ղվķʱʵѾǹ۲淨
ӣ
淨ǳļ򵥣׽ʱҲһּΪ淨
ֻһֱ벻ͨɽ絽ǿʲôֶЩӵޱ߷жϲӵǼ㣿
ɵķʱһжûȻʣЩҪЦˡ
ɽĶķԭȻǿĲƳɵ˵ʶ
ЩϲǱģʵϾ֮
һЩڻ֮ľѰ֮˻ĺ͸ʶжӵĵ
ΪãҪ͸ȥ۲죬ǲܵ飡
Ĳʣܶ˸֪ʲôֲȴãƳ˶ľߣ˵⵹Ҳ֮һֱĲõ淨
һʼѾռ˾ԵϷ磡
ΪǾϴˣ˿͸ĶԿûʲôѶȣ
ڳ֮У³֮⣬˻Ĳ߱
һǧһ֣
÷ǺӿФӣҲ¶һ˿֮ɫ
Ҳ֪ƽʱôģ쿴Ҫλֹѿˡ
÷ǺӿӦǲҴӦģ
һǧƷʯһ֣Ф𣬱δ𰡣
ΤϦ÷Ǻӳ÷峤Ҫ棬ֶľֶҲμӵĻҿҲûбҪȥˡ
÷Ǻ̾һ׵ֹӣľȫƾԸɵÿǺˣһ˶ʱɾɼˡ
÷Ǻʵ׵һЩøеģȻˣܶԭΪһʼ˵Ļ÷ǺӷǳĿģ
ԣһף
Ҫ֪һĶķϰ壬ôѱЩأ
Ф÷ǺӹһЦ˵÷峤ƺЩ̫һȻЩͽˣ
׵Ŀ÷Ǻ΢΢һЦ÷峤ҵһȱ˺ã




2058ϹΤС
 

ķ¥
׵̬һĲˬ÷ǺӵЩ
һһʼﳰڸ˶ս˼ʼձһС
Ϊ˲Ķͽ
÷ǺΪһĳϰ壬ʵһֵĽ֮УѾԿóײˡ
΢΢һЦѡȨֹӵУֻ˵Ӧ˵Ļѡ
ФһЦԭһֱΪһŵˣڿ˱Ҹӵţõúݰ
峤ǲ֪ʱ֮ǲǻôĵأ
һԵһӿФҲ΢΢һЦ˹ϵƺǳĲ
ΤϦվһЦһͷӵ˿ɲ
ΤϦڷŭʵ׿ó䣡
ȻԼðǰǸФӸͷ۲ѣ˵֮䶼͸¶
÷Ǻӿ˵Ȼλ˶У÷ǺӱԸλΣ
Ŷ÷峤󣿹ҲǵҰ
Фֵ˵ȥƺĺܣ
ʵԭΪ𣬶ǸһӦ䲻ġ
ФҪΤϦĸǰչֳţƺΤϦֳĶûκεȤ
׵ߣռܲקק׵ףۡҪȻ취ɣ
ãžˡ
ռܲС֣ʾ԰꣡
ռܲȻδķһһǧƷʯʱҲһ
Ȼ׿ȥǿ󣬿ǱϾһǧƷʯ
ҪȻڿʼ
Ф˿ףҲǵʵ
÷ǺӿҲѯʵֹӣûĻǾͿʼɣ
ţ
˵һܿľ˵Ĳ
ΤϦǵһ̲ס㡭ʲô˼ˣأ治͸ҹˣ
һԵФҲŭһСӣҲ棬Ҳ棡Фˣܹˣô
ֹӣղѾӦˡ
÷Ǻûκεвֻ߳һף
ʵϣʱ׾ǷڣҲпԭ飬˼ҸղŲδȷĴӦ
ֻФɲʲôʡ͵ĵƣĲĻһؿ¾ͺѹȥˡ
λ˵ļһǧƷʯĶľʵЩ
׿˿Фüͷ΢
ʱ˵ûʯˣˣûеĻǾˣФЦһ
ҪǸλӦĻľȻǿԼ
һﻯΪ̫ǿˣһԵ÷ǺҲò̾һһĲٿʵ̫ǿˡ
һʼФΤϦҴ̼ףҲ˳Ӧ
ɵȵҪʼʱ׽һ䣬ʼµˡ
ФΪֺΤϦ϶ҪΪΤϦһȻ³˵ġ
ڶķöȻõˡ
ȻФ׵Ļ֮ŭһл˵ƨţ
Ҳŭ΢΢һЦһΤСȻûʸǲһֱҲ
ôʯ𣿺ߣеĻҲ⣡
ΤϦף֪ҪʲôҲûκεķ
׿ΤϦ΢΢һЦʯȻΤС㵣ǣֻӮˣҲҪʯ
ʲô˼
ΤϦףһƵʵ
ŮӺϡ׿ΤϦĵϷŮһѡ
һԵФᱡӣŭһǲǣ
ΤϦһֱĿԼûɫһ죬Ȼŭһ㡭ʲô
ΤϦղһֱǴֵģ˹ؼʱ̣ƺһ㣡
׹һЦΤС㲻ؾţֻǿūѡ
㡭ΤϦһӾ͸оԼ˸Ϸˡ
׿ΤϦٺһЦΤС㣬ΰǴӦˣұһġ
Ӯˣ磹û⣬Ҫأ
ΤϦһɣղһĵϷԼȻһ˿˿Ļҡ
񿴵һﾹȻ˵磣ߣ
ˣΤСҲ΢΢һЦ
ΤϦŭһãȻҪˣҲҪˣˣԺҵūɸң
ΤС㻹ǱĺǿΪˣҵȻԸⲩһ
׿ΤϦӦˣҲǺٺһЦ
úúã÷峤ΤϦ÷Ǻӳ
ΤС㡭÷ǺЩƵĿΤϦΤϦ̸־ݳ˵ʱˡ
ķûв˵ģһΤС㾡ܷģ÷Ǻӳ
ãȻһū㻹ǰ䣡
ΤϦףҲŭһȻͦϲūģɽǱ׸̼ˣ
ߣһأФһԿףʵ




2059˭Ż˭
 

ķ¥֮У
˼ֵ֮⣬ƺ㶼ѾǼ׺ΤϦФˡ
ΤϦФһף˶ΪһӼŭǰˡ
Լȥһūǻǵһ
ֻǿһһƵӣҲǱſϷ̬ȡ
ЩϷ˵Ҳûжʧ
ԭĲФһղ˺һ峤ʱ˼
峤Ʒˣ
һ뵽Σգһ
ʲô飿
ԣФԼ鷳ɲһù
һȻΪ峤׼ˣ峤ҲĽĺܰ׿Ф΢΢һЦ
ФȻҲݸһЦСӻͦʶȤ˵ɣʲô
ΤϦһ׸ղŸԼԣڶФȻһ̬ȣ
¶һ˿мԭǸƨʲô⣡
ԽԽˣʵղûдФܹ˿һӣ
أ
һﾹȻ֪ܵȥФĴȣΤϦһֱϲФȻҲ׵ļˣ
ФΤϦ΢΢һЦǶ׼ҵĵطһ֪Ҳ֣ҿɲһĵϦģһڶ
Ȼô˵Фȴôĵˣ
ΤϦЩѪĸоһ˭ҪҳԼ
ФһֵˣСӵҪʲôɡ
׿Ф΢΢һЦ峤󡢺졭
ˣҪǲ棬ϽҹΤϦ׵Ļŭһ
ȻʵЩܲһӣ
ͣһ£Ȼ峤һģ²ܹݰɡ
һ㣿
˶סˣԭΪһƨҪʲôģû뵽һ֮ǰô̵涼ΪҪһģ
ФסˣΪԼˣ
һﾹȻ˵ҪԼһģⲻǸЦ
ΤϦ׵ĻҲڵԭΪһФһЩ֮Ķע
ôҲû뵽һȻҪһģ
÷Ǻԭ׼תӣϾҲܹٳһЩ
ֻ׵仰һûλ÷峤Ŀˮ
̫Ĺ˰
һ˵˰쾹ȻҪע
˵һ飬û
ФɫһСӾȻҪԼ룬ȻںܾñһϷˣˣ
һԵΤϦЦտ˵Ф˼Ҹղ˵Ҫһģ㶼ûǲ̫һЩ
Ϧ㡭ФɫһΤϦǲԼһӰ
ΤϦղǲ˵ҪһЩģ
ΤС˵ĲȻҪˣǾ̼һģ̫С˸λûκεļ鲻ǣ׵˵
ռܲѾĬˣΪһֱôţ
ԣҲͲˣѾزǹܹأ
ФŭһСӣ㻹ְ챾پ㣬·ţ񰡣
ʼ·˵ضѣԵȻԵ֣ҿǲֱһָͷˡ
һָͷʲôһָͷФһ㶡
÷ǺЩ𾪵Ŀףһָͷ϶Ǹһйˡ
һǧƷʯ˼ֹӶСˣôһָͷֻһֿԣǱһڣ
÷Ǻ֮࣬ҲʶѿڶʵֹӣĪҪעһڣ
Ļ÷Ǻζ׬ɵģǧ֮һĳɣһһڣǼǶأ
һڣ
ΤϦעʱһ
Ȼϲģһ£С֡
ЩˣÿһεĶעҲǼʮƷʯʱҲһƷʯ
ǽФӮôʯҪһԼŵĻôҲԲһóôƷʯĵġ
ϾˣҲһǧƷʯ
ڣﻢµ˭ǱФԼҪ˶ģʱ˸Ҳң
˼ҪעˣֵԼҲˣ
˭Ż˭
Фʿˮ֮һƬɺԼ˵һڣôʯô
׿Ф˵÷峤˽ⰡȻ÷峤ˣһھһڰɣ




2060ҰֵФ
 

Ŀɿڴ
ڳЩˣԭνԽУһ˲䱻
ФΪ׼ҵ峤ȻҲǱ׵ĳָˡ
һڣ
òЩʯԭһֱһϷѡ
û뵽һҪˣ
һڣһĪǷ˰ɣ
Ф۾ףҪһﵽʲôͷ
һ˭ܹóһڳأ
˵ղЩ˵ûʸĵĻôǿҪǿԼûʵ˼Ҷˣ
峤СĪˣ㣿һڣõó
ФԱߣһ˳
ߣ˵ҲǣҪҶģóһ˵Фһ
׿ФЦ峤ĪŲң˵ĻһŲ峤ء
ʲô˼Фܿ㲻ɣФŭһ
ղһƨھȻԼˣȷҲûдôʯ
˻ȥȡһ֪ĻʱҲԱ
ФһԵ˵ȥҰݰֵܺ
õģ١
һФҲǵͷ뿪ߣ
÷ǺӹһЦ˵٣㻹ǶһֻٰҪ־ݣһƷʯ̸ȡ
÷ǺӣҪǶķǷǮôФ˵ûһڣ˻ɰ
÷Ǻӿ׵ֹӣôĶע¡
÷峤ȰҶһһڵĳɡֱóʯ˵
ΤϦ˿˵ݣҲǱĳһ˿ľ⡣
ҲǿˣһԼӦǶɶФƺǸˡ
һڰ
ԼĻ»ĲһӦСӡ
ԭΤϦʮֵĲˬôһ֮Ƕǰļһһ˿˿Ȥ
ԸһӮˣֻҪФԱͷǳĿģ
Լ䣬ҲһūѣʲôӰ죿
ֻФǸݰֵˣ滹ĲճΪǸһҲһŰ
ҸΪҪǣǸһʵ̫ǮһЩ֮ǶҪǮĺܣ
ܿ죬÷ǺӾͶһһڵĳ룬׸ǰһ룬ΤϦ˷˷
Ϊ֪ФǸݰֵܿ϶ܹõó
óһڵʯǽһĺϷ϶ܲˡ
Ф׸ǰѷŵĳ룬Ҳӹ޾ɱ⣬һĵ£ǲҪ
ԼĪʱĹ˾ǱƷŲ裬ǵȴȻФλݰӵֵˣ
׿֮ǰȥǸ˴һ˽ʱסˣ
һ
仰Ȼ԰Ҳû뵽ФİݰֵܾȻ֮ǰԼйͻĺīi
īiһҲǿףȸФк׸磬ôˣ
īiʯôФһ˵ҪҶһڵʯûôʯ
׸磬һȥԩ·խīiŭһ
׿źīiЦһôѲ㻹Ҫֲɣ
÷Ǻһ׵ĻЦһֹӷĺˣû˸ҵĵ̶֣׼ҲУ
÷ǺӣûСӻôţҪǶΣīiŭһ
÷Ǻ˵˵ˣ˭У
㡭īiоԼûʲôӣĲ߶֣һԵФīiϾ׼ҹϽĵ̣һӣܲ¾ͲҪ£һﲻҪǶǡ
׸磬ʲôҲҪ˵ˣСӸйڡȻˣǾһһڣΪһھŻסңڱûУеľʯ
īiŭһʵ˵Ҳûдġ
Ҫ˵ɽǮǾԲʲôлɹںڣ
ֻеƫϣκһɹ¶ܹ֮
Ȼˣû˸ҶţΪһˣʱ룡
ԣʱŶǺֺܶõĶ
Ͼ˼յԴǿһ˶ղ˵֣
ФЦһİɣǽͺúõĽ̽Сôˣ÷Ǻӡ
Фһڳ뻹ûжһء
÷ǺФ˺ԼҲǲФκεӣ
ʵЩ˶ǸĵϵȻһһˡ
÷Ǻ㡭Ф÷ǺӣһһԵĺīiЦүһڡ
˻
ǮǴү
īiһ֣ȫֻҪ׵ı飬ȴִһֱǿ͸֣
ųһϣ˵ĿѾһεľۼ˶֮ϡ




2061˲
 

֮УЩ죡
ΤϦ֪Ӧø˻Ӧ÷ŭԸоԼЩС
ôҲû뵽׵ļһȻܹФͺīiˡ
÷Ǻվ̨룬ӣȻֹһͲһ棡
ҡڣ
һľͷײеӴ˳
˶ǽǰǸӣۻҵַ˵Ҳһ
飡
֮÷ǺӵĽԼеͲֱһ̨֮ϣ
һ£ռ֮ţžһƬ
λѡˣ
÷ǺӿФףϵһĴݲȣ
ʵϣҲû̫ĹϵֻҲЩФ
֪ĵľ
Фͺīi𣬿
ʼյݵӣҲһĺ֮ɫ
һʼնֵ˵ĴݣѲһ㶼£
īi˿Ф׸磬ѡѡС
ӣֱǴһ
ĵҲʮ˵㣬СĵǾ㡣
Сڵʮ㣬ǱСʮǱǴ
ѹѹСʵ˿ĵľǸ
ֻһεĶעʵ̫Ժܶ˵ű˵Ľš
ֻǼʮƷʯĻҲûôѵˡ
Фźīi΢΢һЦѹ󣡡
ѹ󣡡
īi÷ǺҲǵ˵ʵԼҲҪѹġ
÷Ǻӿʵֹӣѡǣ
ѹС
ǳ÷Ǻ΢΢һЦߵС
Ѿ֪˽ղŻţһѡСĻһѷء
ǿԥһ֮Ҳ¶һ˿Цݣ
û˰ɣ
÷ǺӿФ׳ʵⴿ⿿ľʵҲھȥûж塣
˾ҡҡͷΤϦ˿̶޲óȥԼ
ڸоԼ׬ģԼˣФͺīiɱԼ̫ˡ
ԼӮ˵Ļ׵ļһԺԼūˡ
÷Ǻ΢΢һЦȻûĻҾͿˣ
˵꣬ѾץסֻͲһֻץͲ̧
һֻӳ˵㣡
ܿ죬ڶֻҲӳ˵㣡
Фͺīiɫһ飬Ҫ֪ʮ֮ǿɶСһĻǻ϶ˣ
ԭݵˣ˿ɫѾ൱ѿ
÷Ǻ΢΢һЦߵСϲֹӣ
ˣ
ФЩŭɶĿףһԵĺīiҲɫ쳣ѿ
һڣôˣ
īiʹ죿֮ǰһĸǰԱû뵽һֳԱˣ
Ҫ֪ڵһһĸǰԱܹõʲôطȥأ
ʵϣҪ˵ƣФҲƵĿԣ
ԭֻҪΤϦĸǰչһԼ˵һ棬û뵽ΤϦˣԼԼֵһڣ
һƷʯ
ФЩۣǾˣķûκεè壡
ФΨһèĵط÷Ǻˣ
лλˡ׳Фͺīi֣΢΢һЦ
ֻһֳƣ˵ɫѿ˼㣡
һԵΤϦȻˣϸʲô˵ı飬෴¶һ˿ЦݵֹӵȻã磡
ΤС㡭磴˿Ҳ쳣ļղһȽŵҪϢˡ
ΪԼҪɣȴַ·Զ֣
ԺˣΤϦ磣΢΢һ̾ȻЩ᲻ãԸķ䣬Ժ͸ɡ
ǣС㣡
֪ӦǹԼģΪռܲ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôռܲǰҲ֪˭
پɸһ
ΤС㣬ôˣƺԸ񰡣īiΤϦЦһ
ԸȻҪˣΤϦҲ䲻ˣΤϦźīi˵ĪǺ䲻𲻳ɣ
䲻𣿺ߣǿЦīiŭһ׳ֵģûһΣ
ѾӮˣΪʲôҪ棿׵˵ɲżˡ
㻹ǲǸˣīiŭһ˾ѣŵһء
ֵģҪģ澡ˣΪܹô
Ф˵֮еһĨɱѾԶ׼ˡ
ƷƷ
׿ФЩ޹˵ô˵Ӧѣ߲ˣ




2062޳ܵ
 

޹ʾ
׵ıúīiһԵФǾһҪӮߵָо
һڵƷʯѾʯˡ
ӣ
Ҫ֪ǰλһλ׼ҵ峤һλڵ
˵ʯԺ
Ϊˣ˲ŸӵЩ䲻ΪǶӣ
Ӷ˵ЩʱκζҪҪ
ФΤϦĸǰôһˣܹأ
ԭҪֺһΤϦģȴӣһļһӮˡ
裡
ǳ谡
ߣӮ˾Ҫܣĺ£ҲöģҲöģ
ФŭһڿɹܲʲôˣѾûӻ̸ʲôģ
һԵ÷ǺƺҪ˵ЩʲôҲ֪ʱڰ˵Щˡ
ˣһﻹӲ˼ҼĻǾ͹ˡ
Ӯˣڲ廰ĻԺ⴫ȥ⻹ô
÷ǺӲһ֪˵ˣһû֨
οФͺīiҲߵˣǵҲܹ̫˲
ΤϦһԺٺһЦФ㻹ǹԵİű˸ģǲЩ̫ûƷ˰
ΤϦտ˵ۣŲǰɣīiɲΤϦӣһЦһ
ȻҲ֪ФϲΤϦôأ
ǸϲФīiѹФˣֻФǸ֣ҲЩƣ֪ôȰ˵Ф
ǸûᣬȻҲŹˡ
ΤϦŭһīi˵Ҳʲô죿Сϲô˵ô˵ҧҰ
㡭֪νīiŭһҲЩƣǾԼһֱ
ΪΤҵĴСĻīiŪŮˡ
ФΤϦɫЩӣƺδΤϦǶ׼Ĳģ
峤ǸЦӮ˾ͲߣЦһ
ʵǲ˶ģЩ̲ŸҪҪ
ʱ׼ҵ˳ͻ̫ҵĻʱ»Ӱ飡
κ鶼Ҫʿɶֹ
žԵܹӮˣԺҲûС
ܹ£飬ֻܹԺ˵ˡ
ӮһѶѣֻ˵ղŵФ˵
һԵĺīi˵ˣѾѣŵһѣѶӮˣҶ˵̾ߣ
棿
׿źīi⻰Լ˵ģȻҲ˳Ÿˣ
֮ǰȻһ˵ѣ˵Ҳһ
Ҫ˵棬ֵȷ
֣˽ǣ
ֹȥĻ֪ʱͻⲻ˵ģ
Һīi˵˵һ˵־֣׸磬ôīiФʵ
ФȻҼīiֵ˵֣Ǿҵ˼֮ӮǶ뿪
ô֪Ӯˣ峤鷳أ׵˵
ߣô
Фףгһŭ⣬һﻹǸҪ
ĵ⣬Ͼķ
ȥĻҲԺ飡
ֻû뵽СӾȻˣФЩˡ
÷峤ΤС֤ڵڴ֮ǰǳκε飬ǵʱǰλ͡
׿Фͺīi΢΢һЦ
ʵҲ֪˵벻˵ʵһģǸйϵôأ
ѲЩ֤ߣܹΪԼ𲻳ɣ
ֻô˵Ϊ˲һϵҶѣҪȻʱԼڴʱ򣬻̫Ŀ
ãҴӦ㣡
Фƺ˼ľʹӦԼӮǰһûôй
һãӮԼĻǼǵȵڴ֮նɱСأ
ʮĹѲܵˣ
ãȻĻֺˣ΢΢һЦ
ô˵ӦˣīiƺоҪϹˣʵ
׵ͷҲҪӦûа취˭˼أ²òͷ
īi˵ȻӦˣҾ˵˵ĶעΣ
һһôüͷźīiʵ֮аͲһŪһЩźء
īiף¶һ˿ЦһȻǼӱˣÿڣ
޳ܰ
˶óīi޳ܵӣ
ֱǲҪ㣬һҪǲǾˣ
ԭǶĴСĶֻҪһӮˣǾͿ˰




2063Ӯһ
 

ķ¥֮У
ҲЩ̣׿źīiҪ󣬱ϷŭѣʵѾֿ˻
һȻҪʯûκεİ취ˣ
ФͺīiĿףΪеʯ
ֻ֣Ӯκһ֣ǾӮһʯ
ֶľ֣ȻԸμˣ
Ӯһִ֣Ķ˭ԸⳢһˣϾȫĸʵ̫С̫Сˡ
׿ФͺīiŭһδҲ̫ƽ˰ɣ
ΤϦһԾȻҲǰǻ˵ȷǲƽֻҪӮһ֣ǲǰȫӮ𣿡
ƽ̸ƽֻҪӮǲǹƽ𣿡
ФףҲ΢΢һЦ
īiһԵͷȻӦˣǾ͸Ͻʼ
÷ǺӿФͺīi޳ܵģҲЦֻδ˵
ȻĶľֲƽҲûκεֹ
Ͼֹ˵Ļͬʱ峤ⲻ÷뱻֮
ŭһã˾ȫǺˣ
ף㡭ɱ嶯
ռܲһԿף֮ҲǵǲѣϲĲָԼҲǻġ
ʵϰĸ˵ܹӮϣҲǰٷ֮ʮҲ˵ֻа˷֮һĸܹȫӮ
ֵ͸ʵ鲢ûУôĶľ֣һô죿
ռ֪ܲ׵ۣǾҪ˿ºѰ졣
ֿݵǵǱߣƺߵûκεĹϵһ㣡
÷Ǻӿ׳ֹӣȷҪμ𣿡
÷Ǻӣʲô˼÷ҵҪһļһҪ׼Һڶأ
ФŭһīiĿ
ΤϦҪ˵Щʲôջû˵óڣФ仰Ѿ˼򵥵ĶľַΧˡ
÷ǺӸҪФѾЦŵ÷峤лˣȻĳӦλǾҲߵģ˾Ը񡣡
ãȻֹ˵ĺҲ˵ʲôˣ
÷Ǻ΢΢һЦֻФͺīi񣬱ѾЩмˡ
÷Ǻ˵һϲ˵ˣ
ǰνĳͳŵļ̳ˣǾȻ׾ӵֶһ֮ˣҲǷˣ
÷ǺԽԽԼƢһָ׽ѵĳ嶯
ڶֿʼ
÷ǺӺܿ㽫ӷͲ֮УȻҡΣ
һҵҡֻ֮صһͲѾ˶֮ϣ
˼򵥵淨ûκε˼
ĵǱѣ
˭
÷Ǻӿ׺ͺīiˣҲǳʵ
ȻעģȲµȨøɣīi˵
һ㶣û뵽һﾹȻԼȲ£ҲǰһЦ
ʵϣīiôĺô
Ȼǣ
һղŵһֵʱ򣬾ΪȲˣһѧˣ
ʼˣֻ֪һǻ׼ԼĿӸû˵Ľˣ
ŵ֮Уֻǽţ׿ɲţ
üͷȲ£ΪʲôȲ£
Ȳ¾Ȳ£ôϻīiһҲǽӣҲǺٺһЦ
÷Ǻӿ׵ӣҲǰο˵ֹӣעȻ󣬿Ȳºʵһġ
ҲǣĵľǸҵһǳĺãȻҲ£һҾͲ´ɣ
׵˵ʵѾ֪˽ֻǱ˻ڹѣ
ֹӲµǴ󣬲֪أ
÷ǺӿźīiФʵʵֻܹѡСˣ
ȻˣһֿԣǾѡӣ
˶Զĵ£ѡǼֱ͸ûж
ȻӮĻǿǷü⳥ֻһ˸û
īiȻ˵ĻǾѡСˣܲѡ𣿡
Ф÷Ǻӵ÷峤ʲôϷɣ
÷Ǻŭһķͯ۵ģӮⶫƳɵģҲܲٿأ
ϣ˰ɣФ˵
׿÷ǺЦŵ÷峤ɡ
÷ǺӵͷֱֽͲÿʮ󣡣
һӾӳ˵ĸǰīiФ˵ɴ۾ǰһУҲǶͷðϸ
һ£ûˣ
ЩоŵǣѾһˣ
ʵֶԶģǰֵľƾФͺīiС
ӲӮ֣ǽԭֻа˷֮һӮĸߵ˶֮һ
Ӯˣ
ռܲһʮʱҲ˷ܵĸһԵӵ
ּ֮һԺīiФֿɥγĶԱȣ
īiФŹԲӣЩŵĿǰһУ




2064ѹмǸ
 

ǣ
һӮƷʯֱһҹ漣
÷Ǻ¶һ˿ЦݣǰһǺõĺܰ
Ӯ֣ʵڶķʵ̫ˣ
Ϊľ̫Եܿɹ
һԵΤϦףҲڶһĺøеһЩ
˵ĵ˾ѣΤϦһʼףڶЩĿ࿴
мҲ͸ŰʱҵĹѣ
ФͺīiӶӣΤϦоԼҲһڶѾǳˡ
žž
ΤϦȻʣ̫ˣ
ΤϦ㲻Ҫʶ̧٣
īiΤϦȻƣҲŭһ
ΤϦһֵôҾǾþʹһҲˣѲɽҿôôԵ
㡭
īi챻ΤϦˣղһֱԼӮ֮ҪúõһΤϦǸ׵ļһ
Խô룬Խʧĺܣ
ǳ׵ŭˣ֣һƷʯоǳĲˬ
Ʒʯ˵һܴĿǳĲˬ
׿˵Ҹʱ䣬ָϽİɣ
ãȻֹżʱ䣬ǾͿʼɣ÷Ǻӿ˵
ţ
Ф÷ǺӣҲŭһ
峤ʲô飿÷ǺӿФԽԽоûʲôƷˣ
ߣ˭ֵ֪ǲǴͨһˣһӣ
Фʼջ÷Ǻֽţ֮һֱû˵һˣЩ̲סˡ
īiҲ̵ǣǵĹϵͲһ㣡
ߣ˱ˣ˯žִᣬЩ˻
÷Ǻӵ֮Ĩһ˿Цⶫܹ׵Ļķô
淨ڻûܹƽ⣡
ҲΪԶķһֱǵõϵģ
Фīiô˵÷ǺȻӰбˣ
÷峤Ȼǲľˣ˭һأΤϦƺ÷Ǻվһߵ
÷ǺӵͷԼĶľ֣Ȼˣֻλ˵ķè壬ⲻ𣿡
ҿûô˵
īiȻϣȻ˵֮жǳ˼棡
΢΢һЦ˭һģ÷峤ȥҲûκεĵľǸ
ٺ٣ˣФ⻰ĻҲǽ˺ܶࡣ
īi׳һεĶעĸڣ
ĸڣüҲǼѾϵˣνĸھĸڰɣ
˵ĵ˶ΪѾӮ֣Բôĵݣ
ʵϣһֱôĴݲȣ
Ф״ӦѾеͲȻӷͲ֮С
ҡΣ
ФڿвͣĻζţ
أ
ֵܣФǽͲأ޴ҲΪ֮һ
īi׳Ҳ´󣡣
üͷһ壬һεȷǴ󰡣ǴǸӣ壡
ФָлǲһҡȻҡ壡
΢΢һЦȻ´ȻŲСˣ
ʲôīiŭһ
ҳѹС֮⣬һѹмǸ׿źīi
ӣȻҪѹӣû
īi̵ⱪӵĸʵ̫ˣȻӿһ
һ£ѹ˲Ǻܶ࣡
һԵ÷Ǻӿ׳ֹӣⱪӵĸʺܵͣѹ棬Ͼ͵ǰͰ
÷Ǻӣ֮Ķľƺûйϵɣīi÷Ǻŭһ
һѹ˱ӵĻǻϾǰ׸ԼôʯˣֶΪأ
ֻ÷ǺһԲ죬ǲǵԼ׬ȡʯ
׿÷ǺЦŵӦҲһĸʵİɣüûгˣһû׼ܹһӣòĶһЩɣ
ȻˣֻҪ֮Ǳӣҿɵīi̹Ķ׵
һԵФҲǵһЦҪӮǾֻ㻹ʯô
ֹӣƺЩ嶯˰
ΤϦ׾ȻҪⱪעһǲǷ˰
ֻδ֪
ڵΤϦоһѾЩˣ
һεͳһʯݸ÷Ǻӣ΢΢һЦľǸ
ʵϣӦҪ˵һ٣
ûã÷ǺһεĻˣеĳһЩ
ֻҲû뵽һﾹȻôʯ˵ݾԲ򵥰
Ҳͨˣһ֮ˣôҸ׼ҵ峤ڵأ




2065Ǳ
 

һѵĳϣ
īiФҲǵһЦҪӮˣǾӮ˫ݰ
֮ǰԼʧȥĶӮˣһӮƷʯ
ֵĻǲ֪ôİȻҪѹӣ
ֱ漣е漣
ֹӣҪѹ÷Ǻһεȷʵ
ЦŵһҪӮӮһ㣬Ҫһ㣬νһӮأôѶˣҸղҲͻ밡
ͻ룿
÷ǺӺûһѪȥѾͻҪƷʯע
ƴֵģûм˲ƴ֮˰
ʼһָоָо΢ǶĲǸо
оΪδ֪δ֪Ҳܲµõ浽ʲôģǵĶľ߿ɶǾ˼ɵۼǿ߼֮ͶŽķġ
÷ǺʵҲڸˣǵĶԲǼٵġ
׹һֵʵһһ仰ǾҵһǷǳĺã
ߣǣĺսˣ
īiׇNɪӣֻΪһӮ֪֮ߵغˡ
÷ǺӿФ˵ȻĻǾͿ˰ɣ
ԶԶԣҵڴ浽ʲôˡ
ΤϦԭֻǹ˭Ӯ˭䣬֮зһ˿˷ܺͽˡ
ľ֣ԭͻѪţ˼ѣ
ټ֮лƫףһĽҲˡ
һӮ˵ĻǾǸФͺīiһ޴Ĵ
Ȼ֪Ӯ֮󣬵ûȥʯӮ˻ٶΤϦ˵ܹϲ١
Ф΢΢ͷȻעѶǿ˱㿪ˣ
ФȻ˵ĺСӿȥЩЦԷǣ
һƿͲһ࣬Ȼų濴ȥ
㣡
˿˵һ֮󣬲û̫ı飡
ɵ˿ڶʱ򣬶Щˡ
ȼĿǺīiһֵ㣬ѾӮһˣ
ȷֻҪһ˸ڵƷʯ͹ˣ
˵֮ĸܹӮ£˿
ţ
֮ƺһЩصĺ֮⣬Ҳûκˣ
˵ĿⶼǼͲ·ФڵӣΤϦ޲ֱһȥ߷һźء
أФͲƿѾ𽥵ĸֳ
㣬ӣǱӰ
ȿЦѵ˱ΤϦʵû뵽׾ȻӮˣôӮˣ
ȻǱӣָʼֱ̫̫ˣ
͸׿ӵһ㣬֪ͲӸܿĻµһʱҪˣ
ȻǱӡ÷Ǻӿǰ֣ҲһĪľ֣
һӮӮλ
÷ǺӱĿһףƺҪһ֮пһЩʲô
Ϊķϰ壬׵ҲǸоһĿ£
˿ҲЩˣֻǲ²СӮ֣ǿġ
ⲻǲ´С˰Ȼܹ²ӣֱ񼣰
һ죬Ҳ쵽˵ĵزɣ
īiФ˴۵С۵ĿŶԷǼ÷Ǻͬ뷨
ζ¶ˣ
ҾȻһβµǱӣһֱǿ˰
ҪôһĺܣҪôһʲôֵĵط
ɸղ÷ǺҲ˵ˣɵۼǿҲ̽鲻֣Сʹɵۼǿߣ
ߣ
Фɫ˿£īiҲǼҴҵĸФ˳ȥ
һʮһƷʯīiоһ۲ѣ
ǮҲܹôɣ
ʵϺīiǮܶǮЩڷֺ׬ʯ
ټԼĺЩʯղŻôǮġ
أһӼˣ
˵ķŭֻ֪Ҳ֪ķǲܹô
ҪʯֻСӳҲҪȵԺлˡ
ЦЦˣСǲΤϦФͺīiӣҲǿЦ
һԭֵļҲˣ֮г׵ֻ֮÷ǺӺΤϦûˣ
ֹӣҵ鷿һ÷ǺӿףҲҪύˣ
ΤϦҲ΢΢ͷû뵽ֹ˹Ŀ࿴
ʼֻѣ
ֹӵֹǲֱˡΤϦ̵
׵˵֮ˣΪ
ֹ֪ӴҶ㵹ЩȤˣôѣΤϦףǱ÷ǺҪˬһЩ
һȥǸˣֻƱҲһ񡭡




2066÷Ҿų
 

ƺǲɣ
׿ΤϦŮ˲û̫ĺøС
÷ǺһԴȤ˵ΤСҪ˽ѣһǵһμ
ôӣΤϦһɵ
ʼԴҪѵ̬ȣǺǣһǲ̫ҹάΤС㣡
㡭ˡ
ΤϦû뵽һﾹȻҲԼӣҲЩŭˡ
˺ˣΤС㣬ɣֹӸղſΪݺݵĳһڶ÷ǺһԴ۵
ΤϦĺһߣҪĻС㻹ôءȻԸ⽻ѣɱڡҵѣǾҵĵˣ
˵꣬ΤϦȻ뿪λ˳ȥ
÷ǺӿΤϦȥıӰҲʼ˵֣ŮѲֲǲ֪Ҫ㽻ͽڡ
ǽѣҲǽԽѣһ㲻ҵȺɫһԹĶҸ׼ҵ˷ĿΪҪѣ
ҲһûƢˣȻҪ£ȴ£
οūгû̫ĺøУҲΤϦ̫Ľ
÷ǺӹһЦֻи֮˰ϲ
÷峤֮ǰ黹лΪҰæ÷峤Ļҽˡ
׳÷Ǻ΢΢һЦ÷ǺӵӡǳĲ
ڸղţ÷ǺεΪԼִԣͳһ;ÿԽ
һ˲һѣ
ȻˣܽȻڴУղΤϦʢ֮ˣôܸ̫أ
ٺ٣Ҳд⣬ֻǸղֶΤϦ̬ȣҶ˼ˣ
÷Ǻ׵ĻҲǹһֵ
˽ȻԼԭ򣡡ҲЦŵ
÷Ǻӵͷ֣һȻӮˣӮķǳƯǡ
֪÷Ҫ˵ʲôǲǾҵФͺīiԺǵĶ֣׿÷ǺЦʵ
Ǻǣ֪ͺáҿֲѰ֮ˣӦҲͷɣ÷ǺӿףҲЩɻ׵ݣ
Σ֮Ǻѵģ
νѣʵҲϵһֻѡ
÷ǺӺֻǻͶԷԸѣҲֻܹ֮Ϊѡ
Ȼˣ÷ǺҲɵϣ
ܹ˵»һݵʹݣ˵еġ
ڼܹóôʯ˵˺ܶˡ
Ҫʣ׵ʲôݣ
ȻҲ֪÷ǺʻĿģ΢΢һЦȻ÷ˣҲҴţԶ۳Ĵ׻ʳ
׻ʳ÷Ǻһ㶣
ԭΪ׵ͷǺֲܿģһȻһʳҲЩˣ
ǻʳĵ۾أ׼һڵУǲһĴڣ
ô÷ʣ׿÷ǺЦʵ
÷ǺӵͷЩɻ󰡣֪۳Ĵ۳֮ҲĩĴڣοֻڶ۳һʳɹҪԿ׼һڿ¡
ǺǣҲûҪԿ׼һڰֻƶѡ׵˵
Ѿǡ÷Ǻʼ
ǺǣϾǶ۳Ļʳ۾ɮ濴棬׼ҺѲɻܹ۳𣿡
ҲǺǵ˵ʵ۳£Щ˲ɣ
峤
׸÷Ǻ֮ʣſѾǽһӣ
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ʵ֪͵ǵ̸ֻǾһνѣ
û뵽һﾹȻžʹſڽˣ
ųϣôˣ÷ǺȻûзųϵĵһҲΪʵ
峤ǾųϽ֮ҲǶ÷ǺҾֻǡ·λ̸ЩɻԽˡ
ǾųϵĿֻ÷ǺӵͣƬ֮һεĽĿͣ׵ϣ
´
ƺҪ׸һ㣡
žų˹ӣ÷ǺЩ̲סʵųϣǡ
Ƕ۳Ĵ׻ʳĵ۾ף
ųϿף֮гһڴ֮ɫ
׿ųϣҲһɻԴԣΪȷԼʶһ
һӣƺʶԼʵЩ벻
ƶǰôʲôųӦʶԼģ
һʱ䣬׵Ҳ̧ͷ΢΢һЦųʶң




2067𾪵÷ֶ
 

֮У
ߵˣҲǾųϸ÷Ǻˣ
ȻˣǸ磺ռܲҲһԣ
ųϿ˿Χļ˵ʥϣ÷ˡ
÷ˣҲ÷ҵľųϣڿ׵һ̾ȻҾˡ
һԵ÷ǺӿŶЩסˣ
Ҫ֪Լλųǿ۸ڶﰡһʳĵ۾ܹʲôأ
÷ҲɽΪĶԵļ֮һ
Ǹ׼Ҳ࣬÷ҵĳΪ÷ҶĳǵĴڣ
ɽĶĳ÷ž÷ҵĲҵҲ÷ɽǳĳ
÷ҵĶķɽ磬Ȼ͵ʵȴɣ
÷ɵۼǿ߾ͲǾųɻʾ۷ǿߣǿһССĻʳҲģ
ԣ÷Ǻӿ÷˶׵̬ȣҲһľκˣ
ʵ̫˽Լˣ
ݸһЦųϺأ֮Ӧδıɣô
⡭ǲȳȥأųϿף׻ΪһҪ˵ʲôأ΢΢һЦʦܣȴżܲȺɡ
õΣ
ҲģĿǰʵҪ׵ռѾǲˣ
ǵҪֵĻʱֻܹ֣
ռܲҲ֪׷ʲô飬ǰȫİɣ
׸˼Ҫ̸ҲǷǳԾ
ڣֻʣ÷˺÷Ǻӻˣһʱ˵ЩĬˡ
÷ǺӸоЩΣƽֵ壬㡭ʶ֣
ʶ
÷˿Ҳ΢΢һЦ
Щˣһʲô˼ʶԼԼô
ԼѲɾôǿ
һԵ÷ǺҲͷ˵壬а
ǺӣȻ忪ЦǺǣȻʶʥϣͷҵ˵
÷˿˿ףҲ¶һ˿Цݵ
׸ǾЩֵƺҲûôĳɣųĪ̧ң
ǰ壬ûͷûԵ˵ʶףôû˵
÷ǺӿףȻֿ˿÷ˣҲһƵʵ
÷΢΢һЦںú룿
壬Ĳǵʶ˰ҼĻӦǼǵõģȷûм
÷ǺЩʾ֭˵ʵȻûм׵ģ
÷˹һЦʥϻǳסʮǰϷ۳Ͻ̫һʳʥϿɽ簡
壬˵
÷ǺӾ÷˵һ֮һƺ£
ףȷǲôϤǴ׻ʳֻǾƺ˵
÷Ǻ֮ҲЩӡ󣬿ʱܶϾʥϾһλǿߣ
ԣ׵ʱѹҲûⷽȥ롣
ǵԼľ÷һᵽʱˡ
ҲµòĻʥӦþǵӲ۳³³ɵۣǲһնɱ۳̫ӵ³֮۬˰ɣ
÷˿ףҲ
ղ׸÷Ǻӵ̸Ҳû̫⣬ɵ׻ʳ۾⼸ֵʱסˡ
ڼϴףһӲǶԺ
˵Լ֪Լ̫һʳԿ۳̫Ӻ³׵ѾǴɽ磡
ɽССǼǵλǿ˹Ļʳ۾
Ҫ֪һʳ۾Կһ۳̫ӣݺһĴڰ
˼Ҿôˣҵڸ³ɵ۽֣˸оһֲǣ˼ɻʾʵȻɵ۵ܵˣ
ʲô
ɻʾܹɵ۵ƤӵܵǰǸ붼飡
ǺǣųϿϢͨһ㶣漴΢΢һЦ
ʥϻǻῪЦɽСС˭֪飿ʥҲɽ˰
÷˹һЦҲǳһεĹֵ
÷ǺӿףҲһ˷ܵ˵ף̫ţ˰³۬㾹Ȼҡ
ܲܵűɱɣҲǱΰ̾һ
һͦͬİƺ鷳ˣǵ۳׼ҺҲ㲻ˣһ֪ݣµʱ򡭡
÷ǺӿףҲǵ˵
׹һЦʭӶ˲ծ˲۳ҶˣںСС׼Һô
ǣ÷ĴָʥϹȻһ۰
÷ֻԸ𣿡׿÷Ǻ΢΢һЦʵ
÷Ǻһ㶣漴Цŵ÷ǺҲǸӲ֮ˣ׼ˣ
÷ˬ죬ΪѣȻҲӺ÷ҡ΢΢һЦұ뿪ߡ
ĪΪ²ɣ÷Ǻӳ
װڰֵȻǣҹһҪȥڻҪ죬ѵҲġֻһ֮롭
˵÷ǺӴ˿̶ѾЩˡ
׳ղߵλŮӣϣ÷ܹ˻ȥϷ۳ҵʱ»ȥӦǡ




2068÷Ұæ
 

ⲻСһ׮ѣ
÷ǺӻΪҪʲôأȻҲЩǣ
֤ʵ׵֮÷ǺӵȷЩǣϾڿһŶʱըһ㣡
÷Ȼ۳Ǹ۳Ķ֣
ĸ۳ȥĻʱ÷ҲΣյġ
ͦ׵ģø׽Ҳûʲôġ
Ҳûа÷ңҲİһЩ
֮Ҳջ۵ģ
Ѳɾһܹ÷׻ʳȥԿ۳
÷ҲɵҲɵǶ֪ûԣ
׸÷ֻ˵ѣѲһܹæȴϣڹؼʱ̣÷ܹ
ҪܹһЩæĻȻٺòˣ
Ǹ÷ңǸڵīǵˣʵҲ뷨
ܹ£ģΪʲô£һ£
׿÷ǺҲ΢΢һЦˣǱл÷ˣ
һԵ÷Цŵʥϲؿ˵ȽϵֱӡȻʥϸҼ峤ѣЩһҪһ´ʥϡ
ųԣ׽ֻǽѣ÷ԸȻлǲԸȻҲ˵ʲô
׵˵ĻԲ÷ҳԿģ
÷ǸۻҲ޿ɺǵġ
۳Ӵһô׵Ľ뵽һԵȵĽ֮أ
Ҳ˵÷ҲңϷ۳ĳλδ۳ĵ۾˿̿ҲûֱӲ۳
÷˹һЦʥϹȻǴϻޱȣɣ÷һλɻʾǿ߻λȥϷ۳ڴ֮Һ峤ҲǰϷ۳
ŶλҲҪȥϷ۳Цʵ
÷ҵĶķϷ۳Ҳзֲģ峤һγԭÿطһӣϤһȻʥҪȥϷ۳ҵҲȥո֡
÷Цŵʵ峤׵Ľϣ÷ǺӸ׶Ľ
Ϊʼնûпλʥ˵۳ʱκεĺ֮ɫ
ͳȺ˽ҲǸ
Ȼ÷ʱԺ˭˵׼أסһߣȻȿһˡ
ģЩʱ׽Ķ
ЦŵǺǣǺãǵʱپۣ
磺ռܲ˴ʱ׵˵Ѿǽˡ
ռܲһͨռ֮ܲĹϵȻЩӣ֪Լˣ
ȻΤϦ߲û̫ܵ˺Ҫ뿪
ռ¬ҲҪһεĻصϷ۳ȥԼļ˵׻ڲڣڵôˣ
żһεĽ΢΢һЦܲһС÷峤ȻϷ۳
ףǡأ
ռܲЩǵĿף֪ΪʲôԼһߣ
׿ռܲܲһһЩҪ죬Ȱ̻֮صϷ۳͡
ɡڻȥ´СռܲЩǵ˵
磿ףҲؾһ磸лֹӾ֮ţֹӡ
̸մС㵱ǼҼܲڲͶұѣմСģռҵҲԹ۵ġ
׿΢΢һЦһĻصȥϷ۳ȻռҰƽ顣
Ȼ֪ռҵ׻ʣ¶ˣĿǰΣ
Ѿˣܹȶ٣Ҳֻܹȥȶˡ
лֹӡ
磿ףҲг˸м֮ɫ
ֻ֮ѾǲκεϣˣռҵĶʵ̫ǿˡ
֪ռӣѾǻ췦
ֻϣܹȳԼļѾǺˣɼԸҲʵˡ
÷ǺӿռܲЦŵλİɣϷ۳ҵȻᱣǣҲûбҪ̫ġ
л÷峤磿÷ǺӣҲг˼֮ɫ
÷Ǻӵ仰Ǹ϶һ㻤ȥܹӵĴһЩ
׿÷Ǻӵ÷رǣһһȥ֮˵ɣ
ַģ㽻ҵ飬һף
÷Ǻڶ׵̬ȣ֮֮ǰҪӵĹһЩ˭ôţأ
³۬ӲɽҲҲ˰ɣ
ˣ÷ǺӷһЩ׵Լżĸоˡ
÷ҵλɻʾǿߵĳ֣ռܲһƬУŮҲ뿪ǣ
ԭռܲϤ
ҲҪȥϷ۳ԾŮһǰϷ۳ˡ
Ҫ֪ԼڵܴܲߣǸδ֪أ
״Ҳ뿪ǵĶķ÷˽׵һֱ͵ڵĸ뿪
׵˺ܿûڵķֺ֮ڣ˿ЩԼκεĻᣡ
ڲǵʱҪ͵
ڵĻɣʱ¾ڴᶼˣ̸ʲôأ




2069ڴ
 

֮
׵һֱڲ֮˶
Ϊڴٿӣڵļα֮һ
īǵߣīҢѾ׼ֻһȴ׵ˣ
ʦ߰ɣīǿףҲǺٺһЦ
ʱ䣬춼ǲҪֻȴΪ
ײҪ̵ĶīǸûһϿûʲô
ײ̣īҲֻܹƣ
īǺī̵ڶˣΪ֮ǰżȻóһɻԪ䷽
ʧѾõ䷽û뵽׵ϾȻɻԪ䷽
ԣڼǱڵһڳϵһĹţ
ĵҩ䷽Ǿǰٳ߸ͷһԺЩɹźͼ¸Ҫǵɫˣ
ֻײδīǣϾֶôܰװ׵ĸأ
׿īǵͷֻҪǽȥɡ
ī̵̿ǰʦôܹȥطأ
΢΢ҡͷҸǵĹϵʦͽѣǸǾ͵Ǵڣǵʱʲô飬ǽΪǵʦ𣬸ں޹ϸô
ڴܷʲô鰡īʼ
Ҳһ֣ڴǸʢѣʲôأ
СĽӣҲһɻ
ֻЩôܸ˵أ֪ԽȻԽȫġ
Цŵֻ˵һ
ʦʲôһڵͷܹģǵʱ򼴱Ƿ飬ܹڵŻŻء
īȻҲ֪׵Ҫʲôɲܸʲôͱȥô
ԣīҲ⣬׿Ц
׿һīǺī̵˵ȷҸǣ
Ȼȷ
īǺԥ˵øܷʲô飡
һԵī̵ҲЦŵǰͲҪƴˣǺܵʲô飬һе
īǺī֪ҪʲôĻǿ϶ǻ˵Ļ
ԴóɻԪ䷽֮ڶǽһ鰡
ī̵ˣǾе䷽ֱһ󰡣
ȥ£һ£ôܹأ
Ȼλ飬ҪǾܾǣƺԵЩˡ
һתɲԼҪߵģǷҪԼǵߵġ
һˮȻģ
Դ֪Լɽ֪֮ôڽǸԼһս֮ϡ
ֻһΣ룬Ѿ˾ܾ
ʱ򣬾ԼҲֻܹ˸ԼĶˣ
ȴΪȻԼһ䣡
ӮˣڿɽĵλҲһֲˡ
ʧ֪Ǹ
ʦ̫˰ҪȻߣīǿ׺ٺһЦ
׵ͷãǾͳɣ
һ˵ȳڳǵķ˹ȥΪīǵڵķΣһ·Ǿ൱֤ͨһ㣬
ڣ
ڳǵĶһߴļĺһǳ棬ȻŵĴڣ
ڳǱж֣
濴ȥƺһͨĳǳһ㣬ɴ濴Ǿһȣ
ڣȻ಻ɽ˲ò̾׼һǮ
һǣǵҪķѶ
ǽѾãۻ׳ۣɿöˣܶҲӦˡ
ڴᣡ
׼ҵΪԲʮΨһĳͳţǵʵȻǲС
νڴᣬȻûôż壬Ҳǧ֮ڣ
˲ϵӿ뵽֮УǿԸܵʢǰϦ׳ۡ
ܹߵģȻǸǿߣȻЩźͼ嶼ǲβ룬Ƕһ
ʮ֣Ҳʼľ
λȥҲǷǳĽڴٿĵطڵ㳡㳡ǾеƵģ
⻷еĹ㳡һΪ㣬ÿһλԽԽ٣
ߴ㳡ռ޴󣬿ȴֻǰڷ˶ʮ̨ÿ̨Ҳֻܹ
˿̣īҲϷһļα
ԱߺīiΤϦ÷ǺӵһԣҲļαˡ
ϾǴԼԵڴССҲǷǳġ
ܹģҲôЩˣ
ߣȻ㣿īǣ˵ڣڴ֮ðһｻҡ
īiԭո£ǲյûһɨȥѾǿīǵԱ߾Ȼŵף




2070Ϣͨ
 

īiǲʧķ˰
īǿźīiȻ˵ԼԼʦȥһĻǹİ
Ҳ˵Ӯ˺īiʮһƷʯ飡
һ뵽飬㶼ûЦ
Լһﶷôʱ䣬û뵽Լʦһ־Ȼһƽˡ
Щ컹ûйһأǸʱ
īǣҪڸ֮ĶԹˣ
īiʲãӮôʯԭҪ׼ġ
˿̼ףǾǳ˼ۺˣ
īǹһЦīiѾʯ˷˰ɣҿҪ²ŶԣҸ㣬λʦ𣡡
˵ʲôʦ𣿡
īiųһOͣһϵΤϦīҲһľ㵣
ΤϦ׻أѰ˼һͿӮ˵ʯȻԼӶ
Ҫ˵ΤϦȺīiС
СΤϦǴСƢһҲ˭סġ
һײԼӣȻҲΪĲˬ
ΤϦźīiٺһЦ˼ڵĶְο˼ֹӻʦҿ㻹Ъ˰ɡ
䣡
˵ǻˮȻһ㶼ûд
ȻΤϦΪԼĳ࣬ǱһôƯŮ˴̼īiΪһôܹܵأ
īiЦһīǣҿɲһǲʦѹҲڵˣΪ˵ʦҾˣ
ôΣ㻹ҪﶯֲɣīЦһ
ôˣһ㣿
īiīģʽȴԹԵһԿԶ˼ɲ˵ϣ
䣡
ԶڵķһϿһ㣬߳˼ˣȥĺܣ
īǺͺīiͬʱסڣǵĿҲǿԶ
˿̣ڵһڸ߲Ѿǳ˹
ФȻҲǺȻУϾ׼ҵ峤ҲǷǳģ
ͷǸ˭
׵ԶΪ׵ǸߣҲǳīǵʵ
һԵīЦŵǰλ׼ҵĸ峤һĸƣ
Ʒ磿׿īʵ
īЦŵڴһ׼ҵ峤ǲֵģ˵׼ִƣƷƺڱչء
ڱչأ
üͷͻƵĻǻ˵һϢ
ҾͲ֪ˣ׼ҵ飡īʼ
Աߵļ˶ڵˣʵ
ţǼλڵĸʵǿʵλŮߣƺҲѾǴﵽɻʾ۷ĲΣɵۼһ֮ңΪ׵Ǹƣǿɵ۳۷ǿ߰
īϸĽţȻûһһܣԿ׼ҵʵǶôĿֲˣ
֮Уλɵۼǿߣ
Ȼɵ۳ڣѾǷǳˣοһֱչزƷ磬ƺѾǴﵽɵڵʵˣ
ߣ
һε֣֮ǰڵʱǸεļһԼ˵ˣ
˵ĺˣ˵ĻҪնɱ˸ǰ߲֪ξˣ
ǰ׼ҲʲôȻϿĵλܸߣһжΪ׼һ峤Ĺϵ
ī΢΢һЦƺЩǳ֪
ī̳֪ĺܶˣЦʵī΢΢ͷǺǣʵ֪ʲô׼ҿҲ֪ĺźͼ֮䱾ľ桭
Ŷ֪ī̳϶֪ʲôأ׿ī̵
ī̳ǰ֮ǰ˵һЩͻȻһ뷨Īǰһβμڴᣬ׼йأ
ʦ׼йڣīһҲǲʵ
Цŵī̳ϲµòҸ׼ԨԴ
ѲǰΪ߶߿׼ҳĴŮʵǿᡭī̼üŪ۵Ŀ׺ٺһЦ
εĿ˿ī̵⵹ǣ
ī̵ǰò£Ϊ׼ҽڲͻд·˵ð׼ϴ峤죬˵ʲôԪع飬ҪǸ˰
⡭㶼֪
ī̵ĻҲסˣû뵽ī̾Ȼ֪ô飡
ī̵һЦƺЩŪ˵׼ҵ飬ôܹùڵĶĿأ׹ң츳ǳĲֻǿϧ˰
ˡ
׵Ŀ֮͸һӵɱ⣬ԭȷīҲ˵ĵѾȷˣ
˿̣
ƳŸ̨֮ϻ˹֮вûκεЦݣ
ϡԿһɱ֮




2071VS
 

ڣ
ԭӦһƬ͵գڵĸ߲֮һƬ
ܶƺ쵽ЩԵĵطǲ֪ʲô飡
ǰľ˵ĿⶼѾǷЩոճֵڸ߲ϣ
ƴһ˵ȳżαϯλķ˹ȥ
ҲƴкϾīiЩˣǼŵĴѣ
ǱʵЩƵɵǿ߻ŲСĲģ
Ƶ߽ߵʱīǵǿ¶һ˿΢Ц
īˣ
īǵԱߣǱԼǡ
īЩǫ˵׸峤ɣףرڴԲа
һЩĿƣƺܵһ˿ĵ⡣
ĿһԵףЩʵī׾λǡ
īҲ֪ҪʲôǺܻ˵λʦס
ףֺЩϤ
׵֣ƺڻһЩʲôΪ˻ţֻǻͷһױȥ
ײδƴкڻʲôк
һ¶ֵʱ򣬾һˣ
ƵԱߣƺЩĲɣ㷢棬ŵһ˫Ƶ
ƺʲôȴ
˲֪ѾԸоóߵԥûԽ׼
״˿ҲҲѣı׼նɱ
׼ңжأ˶ûˣ˵ʲô¶ˣ
ܿ죡
ƵѾλ֮ϣڵһڸ߲㶼Ѿ
ֱߣĿ֮ƺһƬĿն
ƴһ˿ЦݣվλαλڰһȵڴᣬҴƷ峤׼ҶԸλĵʾӭϣλܹھ鿪
һÿһεڴźܶĺô
ҪȻô˶μӸʲôأ
ȻÿһŶܹõôһЩ˵ǿܹõǳǳĺôġ
Ϊǿڴÿһ춼ٰһЩڳ齱ʲôĻ
ЩɲʵֻҪ㹻Ϳˣ
һŵڳ鵽һƷɽҲʷڴõһνƷˡ
ҲΪʲôôŶԸǧμӵһԭ򣬲ǽΪλŵԵʣ
ȻˣԭȷҲǲҲһҪԭ
Ʒ翴˵ڴᣬָŵ֮⣬ǻ׼ǧƷʯΪƷΪʮһһʮһʮĽƷ
˵һҵ֮
Ʒʯڴ˵һرҲܹһʲǣ
ɶС˵ֱһʾ޿ˣ
ǧ֮УЩǮҲ޼ûǮЩСŵǷǳĶġ
ɽƶ࣬Ǿϵµ
׼һͦ󷽵İڵʢȣԵûЩС
īһժһѷԼУȻٺһЦ
Ҫ۲׼ôܹأ׼ҵʵ֮ڻҪǿһЩġ
ī΢΢һЦ˿ûע⵽׵ıѾˮ
Щ֮ǰ׼ҾҪһЩ
ƺȻ仰һתɢһɰ˶Ϊ֮һ
׸峤ڴûһ̰ɣ
Щ̲סĶƳĳ˿̷ǳļ尾
߸峤Ҫݣ
ƸκεӣдһɱϵϢ
Ѿվˣƺȥǵ֪׸峤νĶָ˭
ߣȻˣҽ͵ŵ㣬׹ңð׼ϴ峤죬ͼ׼֮ˣǻɣ
һ¶Լ
ʵһԼĶƷ磬ΪԼĶôġ
Ȼ׼ڲ飬ڸ֮ҲǴķз
ٲĻԺ׼ҰƷ¶Ҫ˴ˡ
ԣǳһεĻᣬҪ׹նɱ֮ǰ
׹ҵݻûвϵҲ֤ݵĲ𣿡߳
ߣ֤ݣЩȻ׼ҵĶҴڰǰѾʧˣν峤ƾͼ߽׼ҵĸΣ
ЦһʵߣѾ¶ɱ⣡
ɱ⣬ǳ¶ǣû˿أ
׾ǸôԶܹܵõǼһصŨɱ
ȨǰЩƺѾʧˣ
㡭һŵĻɣŭһ
ãǱ͸һŵĻᣬ
ƿЦ˼Կóνĸᣬֻ˷ʱѣ
ԶλɻʾںͺڵǿߣѺһ߳Ϸֻ֮г˺ܶĲ֮ɫ




2072׹Ҷ
 

棡
һοʱѾǷǳήң
¼ûһģȻܵʲôһ㣡

ƺŭ˫ҲǽеľƱƺһľҪȥˡ
Ҳ֪ڲʱ
׿棬˿˫Щնעأ
ο֮Ѿ͹ϵˣӲ֪׵ĵ
ʵЩУҲǶ˼Ѱҹףϣǰ
ԼΪһʱ嶯ҪΪ׼ҵ峤ԭΪʱˣ
˵УʵϻҪһܹԸ
Щ꣬Ѿǽ׵Լֵܣ
û뵽Լݷǧ֮ԭΪһ̿Գɹˡ
û뵽ԼĶܺܵȴֱӽԼһƲһͺɱˣ
ԼŮ߳ԼѾ촦ˣ
ˣڸоԼǷǳң
ڱѺЩ꣬һ׺ܹ֪ϢԼϣӳȥأ
ǵ˺ȥЩˣײҪ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ֪׷ɽ磬ôڵʵҪԿ׼Ҳǳ˵ΰ
Լˣ֪֮󻹻ΪԼ
֪ϢǿҪ˵Ļǿ¾֮ˣ
㳡
˵ĿⶼǾۼϣǿĿ֮꣬ȴŲλߣҲЩ
ƺߣһƺѾǸˣ
ߣ㾹ȻҸүүô˵˭ĵӣ
Ф˿ҲվߣҲӿֳһĨ֮ɫ
ФƷĵҲǹϵƷΪ谮һӣ˵пǳΪһ׼ҵ峤ѡ
߸ФãȴҪФʱ䣡
ߵʵѾǴﵽɻʾ۷壬Фɻʾڵʵѡ
ЦһФҸ׸峤ô˵ΪҲ׼ҵĸ峤ʱֵˣ
㡭֣
Фû뵽ʱȻ˵ĻҲЩŭˣ
ƿФФô׹ҸҴ
˵ĿⶼĶԶλɻʾǿǿѺ׹ң
һǸ׹Ұ˵Ǵ½ɽ֮˰
ǰһǵ׼ҵ峤ҿ²̫ܣ
Ǵ˵ӵ׼ҵ峤ƣ˵һЩ׼ҵ֮£⡭
ˣ׼ҵļ£Ҳֲǲְ
׹ʵЩ׼ҵ峤ʧٰˣû㹻ʵ͸㣿
˵ʲôĶУܶ˶׹ҵͬҲУмҲУ
ܵ˵ǶǱſֵ̬
׼ҶٸˣЩжĹϵأ
׼ҵ˻վţţ
ֻǵĿ˿̿׹ңѾɱƵ֣
ƳѺ׹ҵǼ˳ȫ£

ɢȥֻһ׹ҰȻվ㳡룡
Ŀ
˵ĿǵһϮȥ˷쳣
Ѫ
Ǻܶ˶еһĸоڴ֮ϣҪնɱһλɻʾǿߣںܶ˵Ǹоһ˷ܣ
ƿ׹ң£
ƣҵôãû뵽ھȻôңȨǾôҪ
濴ƣвѪ˿ȥһķȻ
ߣͷ㾹ȻðҴ磿Цһձڣ
߿ƼҪ֣һεĳ˳׸峤ղſ˵Ҫ׹һ粵Ļᣬ㲻ɣ
ߣҵҪ˵ʲôƳ
߿׹ң֮пԿóǷǳԥ
ʵҲܹж鵽Ǽ٣һָоģǰ֮˾Լүү
ФߣҿҲѲ˸ϵҸ˾ҪðүүȻʵ㲻ɸ˵Ŀİɣ
Фݵ÷ļٲˣٵҲ治ˡŭһ
ģүүʧ꣬˾Ȼ˵Ǵүү𣿡Ф
ҵ½磬ܣø³ײš
ˣ׹ң㻹Ҫൽʲôʱ򣿡ŭһīiعӣɽŴڣʶ㣬׹ҵ仰ǽбȽϵĺʡ
īi¶һ˿΢Цվߵ۹Ѿǳ׵ŭˣ
Ȼ׼õģīi߸ѣ




2073
 

īi
ƺб沿ûκεı仯
ʵ׹ҵһϯ֮ǰѾ˵ˣ
Ϊʲôƽ컹Ҫڶأ
ѲͲ׹ܷ
ڿƺѾ׼ѹͲ£
׼Լ˵׹Ǽٵģѷڣ
˵ĻŶͻһµľ磡
īi˭
ɽڵݺ͵λɽҲŵϺŵ֣
źīiҡڵ˳׵Ҳ˪
һԵҲˣֻ˵ı仯δ̫˵ע⡣
һԵΤϦ׵˵ı仯Щֲѡ
׼ҵ飬һ˺˵أ
׸峤
īiƵ̬ȻǷǳĹģΪʲôΪƵʵѾﵽɵ۳ڵĲΣ
ɽ磬κ˶ɵۼǿߵĳݣǶױȵģ
Ǻīiţôأ
ɵǿǾɵǿߣð٣
΢΢һЦܹӦǰμڵڴᣬѾ˰ֻغ׼಻ò桭
ֻɽ֮ˣ˵ö֮īi˵
ѾǶˣ׹ѾǱΪ½֮ˡ
ߵ΢΢оԼǱ˸ˣ
ʵԭҪ׹ҼģǼԼĸĸйأ׹֪Ļǿ϶ˡ
ƺͲԼһ˼Ŀ¾Ҫ׹أ
ΪļУ߸ӵĻɣ
ûֺôżľͽ׹Ҹأ
ҪأǾͲɱ
ȻǸɱɱˣǾɱˣ
ƿźīi΢΢һЦղ׹˵Ļ֪кοأ
ɽǧ꣬ʲôĳûмܣֱǺ˵ҲţҲû˻ŵģ
īiƣ
׹ŭһûô֪Ǽٵأ
ܣȥ½磿ˣɱ㣿ΪС𣿼ֱǸЦܣһɽܹ֮ԿģεıסԪģ
īi׹ң;Ƕһž
׹ɫһ䣬λƺֻҪ߶ѣûĶɱģɼˣĹҲܹܵġܹסһ˿ԪѾǲеˡ
׸峤˾ǸƭӣȻĻܹĳҿʮа˾ǵõѵ峤ĴУȻҪ̲׼ҡ
īiǹжϵĵǲĻǼٵģ
һֱǹҪ׹صģ׹˵ʲôǷ
ƿ׹ңЦһڵô˵㻹ʲô˵˵㵽õҴĴеģ
ƣ㻹ǵոսɻʾʱǸʱ㻹˷ܹܵ˵Ŀɵ۷塭
׹ҿƣ֮͸һӵĺ⣡
һǿ򶨵˵ҿɲǵô£Ȼĳһ㰡
һֱڹ۲ƣһ֮Ҳǿһ£
Ϊ׹ҵ峺Ͳ˵ѣ
ԼĶүүƣЩȥ˵滰
߿׹ҵ׹ң㡭ܲ˵Ҹ״˺ĸ״˵顭
㸸׵ĺһ̥ǣɶԣ
׹ҿƳʵҪ֪ߵĸѾȥˣ֪˺ٺ٣
֮ˣ˭ܹ֪أ
үү
һߣ£Ҫ嵽׹ҵĸǰ
ģһȷǰ˾ģ
Ϊĸף˸֪
߰ߣ㻹ǲҪּ㶼ܹʹóǴͨһ֤˰
ФߣҲǵõƵ⣬ǾǾԲܹ˵ȥˣ
үү⡭үүǡߵۿͨ죬ЩĿơ
׹ҿ߳ޣǲҪɱڣúûţƣǶ̫ʧˡ
ߣһðƻҸô˵š
ŭһѾҪ׼ˣ׹˵ȥĻҪˡ
׹ҽı۾棬Ѿˡ




2074׳
 

ҿ˭ң
ߺȻЩŭֱһ׹ҵĸǰȥһ˭ϾҪ˭ƴļƣ
ߣƻʧܣ߳ŭˣФߣг⣡
ƿ߳ߣҴĶ磬۲Ҫ˺㣬ִԲĻǿɾݹֱˣ
ƣ㡭ǱΪ飬Ϊ˺ҵүү𣿡
ŭһ˿ڵѪû뵽Լүүķʽ֡
û뵽ǣԼүүȻôĿѣ
׹ҿ̵ѾûκϣˣҪȥΨһѪ
үүˣһŻʲô˼أ˽һѣ
г˼ᶨ֮ɫһƺ¶˾ģ
ͬˣ
ֻ۵׹ǿм
úͿЩ˵үү˵ˣ뿪׼ȥһ׵ˡ
ףһ㶣ΧҲסˡ
Фͺīi˻࿴һ֮󣬼ͬʱ׵ķ˹ȥ
׹ʱ˵ˣǸһɣ
׹΢΢һЦҵҵˣүүԸˡ
ٺ٣棬ôҰ
˳׿ȥʱҲ֪Լزסˡ
ѾڲˣҪɱ棿ǻҪԼ״ӦӦأ
׵ոճ֣׹Ѿǻһ
Ļعͷȥ׺վԱ߲Զʱ۽ѾЩģˣ
һӣ
Ѿղ׵ӣ׹ҲվǱһ
׵ߣīǺī̵ЩĿɿڴĿףǶ֪һﵽ˭ˣ
׼ҵ飬Ϊʲôأ
׹Ҹո˵׵ֵһ̣ƺһϵ˵ĸо
˵ˣ֮ǰ˵Щ϶Ϊ˽棡
һ뵽֮ǰǻصؽ׷ڵϯλ֮ϣīֱ̼ˡ
īǵǻã˳ȥǵ
֡ף㡭ô⣿
׹ҿף¶һ˿𾪵ЦݣƺԸǰһУ
˼˵Ҳ
ҲҪ֪֪˵˭Ϊʲô׹֮ʾȻҪԼŮиˣ
ǰ˵ʱҲüͷ΢΢
棬ǿһͬѵֵܣѣǲǻֵ𣿡
׿棬Ҳ¶һ˿Цݣ
㡭Ͻߣ߶뿪׼ҰɣͲҪˣҸƷ֮ļ£
ߣߣΪ׼Ƿ𣿡
ƴ˿Ҳǻߵ˸ǰ׹ҺҲЦһ
߲亦
ôһĵǶģǽ첻׹ߵĨɱɾĻµʱҲǴ紵
ƣ㵱ҪϾɱ濴ƣ֮г˽֮ɫ
ϾɱЩͼ׼ң׼ЩСܹ֮ģţץ˵
Ʊܵ׵ʵһ㣬һ£ѾλɻʾǿΧ
׸峤ұ޳Թ׹ҵ֮ҴԺԽѣ
Ͼ׼ңҲøһЩӡ
ʲôӣ
Ф׿˼ѹҲСӣԵϣܹСΪΪ
һ뵽֮ǰԼСӮôʯоһ
СӾȻ׹йϵǼֱѰ·
׿Фʸ˵ƣ˶۳׻ʳ۾ף׹Ҵ֮ˣǽ׼Ҹӣޱɵʲôûз׼Ҳӣɱ飡
һ˲䣡
ƶȻ˾ǻһһ㣡
ȻѾϣƴľǸƣ
οԴķͦ÷˺÷Ǻ˵ԼѾɽ֮ı¶Լݣ
۳һʳ۾Ҳ׼Ű裿ɣ
Фףѿһ˿˿Ц
ס֣
Ф׼ȶ֮ʣȴһϵ
ƺȻֹ֮ФĶ֣ƺҲĹ
үүôФĿԼүүû뵽ȻԼүүֹԼ֣
Ǵʥף
ѹҲûдФ۳׵ķ˹ȥ




2075𾪵ݣϣ
 

ФȦˣ
û뵽ԼүүֹԼһ﷢ҲˣȻԹԻ
ȻЩˣԿóƵ֮Ȼǳһ˿ĥζ棡
ߺ׹ǱߣΤϦͺīiҲǱߣ
˽ǲ֪ôһ£
īǵ˿ųвϱ仯ƣҲüͷ
鷢չزǵҲǷǳıԼʦȻڷѣ֮ǰû뵽飡
޾ף
׻ĳǰȥıֿѾǽ׹Һ߻
ʥϴݹ٣ʧԶӭ
ƺȻһЦֻ׵̬ȣһĴ۾
ǰһﲻǶ۳һʳĵ۾ѣֵ㣿
Ҫ֪׼ҵʵȻĴ۳ɳĴ۳֮⣬ǻ׼Ҳŵˣ
ʳ
ǵλôȻǲܵģ
̫һʳĳʳ׼ǰҲСƶѣ
ֻһ׻ʳôܹͻȻ֮ı̬أ
ФƳүүǡ
Ͻݼ׵۾Ƴ
үү˭ΪʲôҪʲô
ФһѪˣһԼ棡
ԼүүȻݼǰ֮ˣǼһﻹԼˡ
ʲô
Фһڣӿȥһ
۳ʵһ۳Ҫ֪۳ӵϰٸʳ
ѲԼ׼ҵ峤Щʳĵ۾Ҫģ

׻ʳĵ۾⡭һ
īiһ⻰ҲʿˮΪƺ뵽һ飡
ʵϣȼϢӦǷǳˡ
׵ܶ˲һ֪ΪɽֿȵһЩôܲأ
׻ʳ
⼸ѾúīiģҲ׻ʳ׸ɹʲô춯صĴˣ
īiһ׼ҺڣҪɫ滹Ϊ׼Һں۸ɣ
ФЩӣǲܸײΰݵġ
׸磬⡭һӦþǰ۳̫³۬һսǸһ۳˶ƣһӦҲǸҪ
īiһ뵽ߣҲǲЩ΢΢һ
۳ƵˣɵǾǷӰ
Ҫĸšͣ˵ܹնɱǣ
۳ʲô
۳
࣡
Фĺ֮зһʿˮҲǱܵˣ
ıȴǳľʣ·ҲҲǣ
ֻǵīi˵֮һԵΤϦīǶѾĿɿڴ
ΤϦף֮Ҳ
ôҲû뵽ǰԼЩļһȻôţ棡
³۬Ӷɽмˣ
ΤϦΪΤǲôģҲô
һ뵽֮ǰһһӶԼƺף˼Ҳ֪ߵغ񣬶˼ʱ
ʵϣΪԾ˿¾Ҫīǵˣ
ī̿īǣ˻һ⡭λǰȻǴ׻ʳĵ۾
ǰû뵽ʦȻôţ棡ǰ۳̫һʳһսѾ˰
īǿīҲһ̾˵
ī̵ڿҪ׻ʳһ˰
ʲôֺξ۳˵ˣ黹ûдﵽֵزءīν˵
ī̵ͷȷǻûдﵽ̶ֳȣܹõɻԪ䷽ĻǻĲ۳ˡ
İɣī̳ϣҸʦҸ˵飬Ҳûйϵֻû뵽ʦ𲻵ȻҸ۳ӲӲǰСʦ˰
īһε˵֮ж׳֮ɫ
Լʦ֮ǰ֪ʲôͷ֪֮󲻵ûе֮ɫǸӵ˷ˡ
ī̵ֻǲ֪ǰΪʲôҪ׼ҵ飬ⲻǰ˽׼ĶǸ㲻
īǳǾͺˣڼҪæҵҲΪ
īԼҲ֪⼸˵ʵҪ׸޻̸֮
˿̣ڵ㳡£ҲһƬ֮
ϾԿ۳̫ȴ£ǿһʮʮٵ֡
㳡·ںڵѾĿɿڴĿǰһС




2076𾪵ݣ£
 

ڴһ֮
׵ʵ𾪵ˣ
ڴĳһ
ںΪ¼ŹϵҲǱͬһ
ֻΪǵչأһǸ¡ĶἾȣ
·͸Ѳˣ
¡ΪڵĸԼ֮֮ǰնɱԼֱˣ
о޴棡
ڴٿڼʹָڵǸ׵С̸
һûа취ȥжڵ׸ڵʹ˵ʲô
ԣԴ˰֮һֱûиѰڵ鷳
ΪģΪʵЩֲ
ֻһΣԭҪڴĻᣬԼ
û뵽ڴ棬һεĿףһȻ㳡Ķˡ
¡׵ʱҲЩϰ£
ֻǵ׼׼׹ҵʱǼһﾹȻˡ
״ˣǡǼһôǱߣ
Ἶȴ˿̶׵ӰΪ̣ʵǲ֪Ϊʲô׻Ǹط
װȻ㳡ĶˣҲһ
¡һĭղźڵ˵ǼһﾹȻǴ׻ʳĵ۾ɡɴ׻ʳĵ۾ôأ
¡ǰҲ˵׶Կ³۬飬ʱûκεĹϵ
ʱ֣Լǧ˿Ƶϵ
Ἶȿ¡ʵ״ˣû˵ʲôǼһղ˵ԼǶ۳һʳֻССĻʳ֮˰裿
׻ʳһĴڣ
¡̾һ˿ﻹʲô˼ȥҪʲô˵
һĸоû뵽Ȼλ׵۾ǵλ׵۾֣
ʲôĴڣἾЩʵʵ
¡֪۳
⡭⵱Ȼ֪ˣ۳ɽĴ󳬼ɹ۳֮һ׼ҿҲǲɣɡһǶ۳İ
Ἶȿ¡ЩƣȻĿ
Щûи㣬ΪҾøûйϵڿòˣһԺǧҪǣǸӣ
¡Ƶ̾һ˼Ѿˡ
ʲô飿״ˣ㵹˵ἾЩĿԼĸ׵
¡ǰϷ۳Ͻĳʳ̫һʳ̫һʳһ飬һλԶ۳ϽĻʳ۾ŭ̫³۬³ס
¡ʼ飬ȻܼҪһԵἾѾĿɿڴ
״ˣ˵һǵԿ̫ӵǸˣ⡭Ҳֲ̫˰ɣ
Ἶֻ΢룬ܹ֪ʱֲ֮ˣ
Ҫ֪̫ӱʵǿ֮ˣڼߵ³ףʵһһģ
ɾһﾹȻҵ涯֣Ҫ޴İ
鲻֪ôˣһڻţѲɻ˵ʲô𣿡
¡ἾȣѾǳ˾֮ɫ
˿̣ŵľһﲻҪԼźã
׸׼ҵƺųͻҲ΢İһ£
һߣ
Ǳߵĳ͹Ѳȥ°Ͷ쾪ˣ
ŹѲþûлع
ˣǰ˵ǰʮǰµģǸʱڵڸ̫ӶԿ֮ļ찡
Ѳųƺһ˼·ʵ
Ǹʱ򣬹ֲǰˣǾһս
Ҳ̾һû뵽׵ͷȻô
۳ʲôѾǲ׸ˡ
ɾ£׾Ȼܹ۳ⲻòɽЩˡ
ʵ㹻ǽна壡
׽һʳʵȴ˵Ǳˣ
Ѳˣô죿
ô죿ҿǰ׼ƺҲйڣֻܹˣ
Ѳͷϣǰû°ɣµĻڡ
δأİɣˮڣ֮ǰܹѾΪ׵ˡ΢΢һЦ
˿׵ݳ˾֮ɫȴԼܹʶһλӢ۶оң
û׵Ļͱ޳ǻˡ
ܹμڵڴ᣿
ʱĳвδо̫Σһźõķչţ
ֻЩȴԸ
㳡˵ľ֮̾˷ʶ֮ˡ
Щʶ֮Ҳһ㤲ѣ
ͳţĹȥҲֵñ𾴵İ
ƿף֪һĳ־ԲżȻҪʲô




2077׼ҷ
 

ڣ
˵Ŀ˿̶ۼ׵ϣλ֮ͻȻ֣һεڴᵹһĨƽ
׹Һֿ߱ݱţ˿׹ȻҪ˵ʲô
û˵һԵѾǸһ϶
׽ôʱ䣬׹ѾǺ黹Ĭˣ
ڣ֪׼ȻˣԲܲԼ뿪ģʵ̫˽׵Ƣˣ
ФīiһϯҲŪЩǱ
Ҫ׶֣ȴֲ̫ң
һɵ̫Ӻة඼ܹļһʲôأ
Фо֮ǰķʱһﶯնɱǵĻҲԵġ
νʭӶ˲ծ˲
˼Ѿ۳ˣڵһ׼һأ
ŪŪһһ
һ뵽ߣФĲҲֱðͺīiһʮֵĲʰ
˿ֻ̣ܹĿⶼۼƵϣ
Ϊ׼еľ϶ǽƵһ֮䣬ɱǺͣ
Ҫİɣ
Ƹ˵Ŀ⣬Ҳǿ΢΢һЦ׵۾ܹǰĳʮֵĸˣǿͣȻǻӭǴ׵۾Ϊ˵ҵĻĳ¾ͲܹӦˡ
Ȼҵģֻ޵һֵȴҪ׼Ҵ޴˴γֻϣ׼ܹ޵һ棡
׿ƣҲưȻ
΢΢һЦŶ׼һдʥϵ֮⵹δŰ֪ʥϵ˵˰
ЦԿԸоóƵЦ֮Ѿ̺޾ɱ⣡
Ȼָ֪ĺˣҪ˳׹֮⣬
ټ֮ǰ׹Һ֮Ļ֪¸׵۾һսˡ
ЩȷһȻ۳̫ӶԿҲܶӣ
ڵܲɵۼǿڳıλ֮࣡
οвڵǿߺͱչص峤أ
۳̫ӵʵ³׵ʵƶĺܡ
˶Ըһɵ۳ڵǿ߶ǱӣѲɻ븴֮ǰ漣׼ڶֵĸǰ
Ȼ׸峤֪ʵĻ޲˵һ飬Զ߽ǰǰλ׹ңָָ
ʥǻῪЦ˻׼ң׼ҵﳼʥ˵ЩδҲ̫׼ҷ˰ɣ
ƿף֮гɫ
΢΢ҡͷ׸峤Щֺ֪αװǻأ׹ҵʲôݣûе𣿡
Ȼ˶ҴĴУҪߺııȡ׼ҡҿҶ棬пܱһƭأ
ƿף
ʱǶֵĻԵԼ
Ȼ֪Ƶ뷨Ƴ˵޿Ϊ֤Ϊ޾ȵġ
ʥϿ׼һǴ߰û뵽Ⱥ㶼ܹ˵ĳѲ㵱׼𣿡
һ̤ѾǾۼ˶㣬֮гֳɱѾǺڵˡ
׵Ȼ˵һԼĴ綼ɱˣҲ֮Ϊˣԭ޶׼һЩøУ񿴵һĻֻܹ̬̾ΪһȨȻ˲֮¡
ʵҲ֪˵Ҳǰ˵
Ѳɻ׹ҵĵλǲܵ飡
׹ʲôݣһһ׼峤Ļһɻʾڵļһ쵼һɵۼǿߣ
ǲܵģ
ҪǣǸƷΪ峤Ѿǰ֮ˣԼλã
ôϴͻȻϴˣѡֻ
һλͣһɱ֮죡
Ʒѡ˺ߣҲûг֣ƺҲЩ޷ֱɣ
ʥĵҪ׼ҹȥˣߡ
ƿףҲѿһ˿̵Цݣ
ǰһҪܹ֪ȤĻȻҲֳʲôӡ
֪Ȥ֪Ȥ
֪ȤҪΪ׹֤ѾǴƵĵˡ
һԼĶ磬Ϊľֽ׹ң
Ҫ֪׹ĳΪ峤Ժ׼ټԴ¾Ҫˡ
ҪǣЩŮɶǱģ
ߣҪˣ޼ȻˣȻҲûɵľʹ뿪顢ֿݡ
һ䣬Ѿ
ԭֿݻŵ׹Һߣ˿ѾǱ׻
Ҳǳ˼λɵۼǿߣ
ɱ
Ƶһ£һʱ˶Щ±ˣ




2078´
 

˲Ƶð
ɵһŭѪɺӣ
Ц˵ƾǰ˾ԲǵĶ֣
ûκεԥ
ꡢƽ
λ׼ҵɵۼǿߣѾֱӱɱ
˿ֻ̣һ̣ǰʧǵ֮У
һʳĵ۾ܹжôأ
䣡
ڿը죬˿ֿѾǶˣһɵı㻯һεĹ
ַƵ˿һĺȻ
⡭˵ʲôʵȻһо͵ֵסɵۼǿ߹
ǰȻܹ۳̫ӶԿ˼Ҳʵİ
һϴ鷳˰
ҵǲЩˣϾ׼ҵĵ̰
֮һľ̾ܶ˶Ǳֿ˸ˡ
ôҲû뵽˾Ȼ˵ĳ̶ȣɵۼǿ߶Կ·磬Ȿ˵˺ܶ⣡
ߣҵҪܹŵʱ
ƵĸǰƽͬʱڵǵɫǱˣ
Ҳû뵽ǰ˾Ȼܹסǵ

˱ŭһȣ漴Ѿʧ˸ǰ
ֿ˵ҲѾʧ˵ĸǰ
ܿ죬֮Уһɫһϵһ
һߣһ޴Ľ֮Ӱ˵ĸǰ
֣
һɴսϢѾ˿
˵ĿⶼǾ۽֮Уڴһ˵ľʣ⻹ǵһΣ
ɵǿߵĶʯƾģ
¡¡
һһܿ콻֯һ
κƽνĲһ𣬶Զһ󶣶˵ĶУ
գ֮䣬غѾǹȥˣ
Цһߣˣ
һ
׵һεĳһ޴ĽӰһƺҪ֮ǰҪһȦң
һɺ˵ѹȸУ˸оһĳƣ
ƺҪȿ񱩵ƸѹĿҪˣ

ǵ޵ĽӰѾʧ󣬶ĸǰһ޴ĽѾǺبƽĸǰ
˿ŶǸоһͷƤ飡
ƽһ裬ǰľ˶Щˣ
һĨȻܵһʧܵ棬ЦһὣĹıɱȥ
·ʤ
һ̣ǿߵĶúܶ˶Ǵ񫣡
ֻϾʵδﵽɵ۾磬ȻѾʵǿˣɵ۾ɻʾ籾Խģ
ȻԱ֤ɵ۾ǿ߶սܣҪնɱһȴЩѣ
ݣ
˵պܿĽڣһѾǻ⳯ȥ
ȿȣ
ҪεʱƽǱѾǴһҵĿ
鵹ǻãȥƺҲЩˣ
ֻ˲û̫Ĵ󰭣Цһɣ
ƽ£
ŭһ˿ôҲû뵽ǰһ˵ͣ
ƽȻҲɵ۳ڣԼһЩģ
ļһȻԼʵѾǴﵽͬһΡ
о㵵ǣȻܲһﵽʲôʵ
һʵҪԼ֮ϰ
磬ҡ
ƽղűǽˣҲŭģɵۼǿԼļſڱ˸ˣ
ȻҲǲ䵽飬ɸԼȣƼֱûһ
һߵֿݿɾûôʴˣǸļһǵùˣ
ֿǿɵڵǿߣʶս黹ʵѾ겻һεˣ
ҲΪͻƵɵ۾Եʣ
ͻƵɵ۾ĻƽʮоҪնɱˡ
һֿ̣ȴչֳǿʵ
ݣ
ƽ֮ʣѾǿ챻ֿݸƵ˾ˣ
ֿݵĹȥû̫ķӣжһо쳣ܣ
ˮܣ
һָооԼֿһĿˣ
ǰһȴϢսһ㣬˿ûκ
ԽԽ꣡
׼֮˶ˣȫû뵽Ȼһ棡
ҪȺ֮ĻѲɾͲɽЦ
򲻵ѵ£ǾԲôģ
ֱӽסˣ
ƸҪ֣оƺѾЩˡ
䣡
޴Ľĺ˸оһĲ˿ڿ꣬ѾǶ˺ü




2079Ʒ
 

ꡭ
۾ɺһƬҪ־ΣѾˣ
ֿЦһ֪ȻѾ׼Ҿѣ
ܹնɱһλɵۼǿߣԺҲһݵв
Ȼ飡
ֻǾҪǿƿĵڶʱͷƤһķ飡
ã
ֿаһĽѾȫסҲǳ׵ķȥ
糱ˮһ㣡
ղһɱĳһƺѾǱ쳣
䣡
ֿݸո뿪ǵطʱһֺĽѾǳֿڵķɱ
ƿǱֿݸղŵĽҪΪͣ
ֿݵʶǿһĳ̶ȣһҪ˻ȸںˣ
ʲô
Ҳüͷ壬ʶƺоЩ̫ˣ
һԵһӲӣɵڵǿߣǲµòĻӦ׼ҵ峤Ʒɡ
ֿݳȷɵڵǿߣʵǿ
֮Σ׳
ǿܹŵסʦ磬ɱˣ׼һкüλɵۼǿ߰
ЦһΣȻ׼ңȻҪǵĵˣǾôˣǰһˣ
ʥϼȻˣǾˣֿݻ˵ֱӵ
˿̣
֮Уһ߱һ߻
֮˲Ǳˣ֮ǰֿݱꡣ
ڿ꣬һƬҰ֮ɫȻء
ʵϣƷ缰ʱ֣׼Ҫһλɵۼǿˡ
׼˵ǿ¾Ǿ޴Ĵˣ
ÿһλɵۼǿߣǿɶһĶֶսһһ
˭ûϣԼɵۼǿأ
硭
ƿƷȻ֣֮Ҳ΢΢һ
û뵽ѾǵһأȻҪԼĶֲǿ꣡
˰
׼һζ˿νǶˣôҲû뵽ô
Ҫ֪ſɲİʵǿᣬôһ³׵أ
³׵ʵ׼һ֪
Ƹղ˵дҲΪ֮ǰϢΪ֮ǰ³׵ǽҡ
ڿЩǽҰ³׺³۬ǲǽҰ
˰
вһ㳦Ӷˣ
Ʒ罫Ʒλ֮ϣܿмǰΪƣ
׵۾ǺǣȻЩĿ࿴˰
ƷЩƵֻ֮صһ˿ŭ˲
׵ʵƷ磿
࣬²Ӧø˵Щʲô𣿡Ʒ絭˵
˵ʲô޻Ҫ˵ʲô׼Լû
׿Ʒ磬¶һ˿Ц
ǺǣʥӦ֪׼Ⱥ֮ǾԲӵóڵĵ̣
ƷЦ棬ֻ˵ȴ͸һŨŨв֮⣡
ɣԡ׵Ȼ˵
˵ʵ׹ܹѣҵû뵽һ仰˵úãʶʱΪܣŴʥҲ˵İɣ
Ʒ翴ףǴ棡
׵ͷȻ޻˵һ仰ǾǱ̫ͬ峤Ӧ֪˵˼ɣ
ʥǲƷˣ
Ʒ翴ףɫı䣡
ʼɲ޲峤ӣ峤ͱˣ뿪
ܹӮңȻ뿪ֻܹˡ
ƷһЦ׵˸Ϊ
峤ǿѣҵ˵Ըһԣֻ峤ɵڵǿߣҵ˲ƺ˳Ц峤ɣ׺˵
Ʒ΢΢һЦֻһУֻҪ֮κһܹס൱湧ͼλ뿪
׹Һ𣿡׳ʵ
ǵȻ˭Ʒ˵

׿Ʒ磬ǰƷ˵
ʥĪǸҿЦôһɻʾڵˣҲҽһУֱ֮
˿׵ʵƷǿɵڵǿߣôܿأ
ֻԭΪǸֿݵ˻᳢ŽԼһУȻû뵽ҪԼһе˾Ȼף
һƾʲôԼһУʵ벻ͨ
ɻʾڣֱǿЦ
һɻʾ⼸ֵʱΧ˲ըˣ




2080׽
 

ڣ
˶ǱƷĳָ𾪵ˣ
ɵڵǿߣһʲôĴڰ
ɵ֮УҲǷëǵĴ˰ɣ
Ҫ֪ɵ֮Уɵ۳ȺΪӴҪͻƵɵڣϼѵ飡
ܹﵽɵۺڵĻǼɽ޵еĴˡ
ɽܹﵽֲεˣ϶Ѿ伣ˡ
ɵڣ
ĿĴڣǿɵڼĳǿ߾ȻҪˡ
һʱ䣬һ֮
⡭峤ҪԳˣ
ǰѾжûп峤ҪԳְ쿴кϷ˰
ǸһﻹŰɻڵʵȻҪӲɵڵǿߣ
ǰҲôɣ
װ֮ǰ˵һ۳̫ӵʱѾǱˣһ׼ҿҪ۳ˣ
һ۷׷ףǿ׵֮Ҳǳֻ
Ϊ׵ʵʵ̫ˣȻˣνֻ̫۶ѣ
ʵ׵ɻʾڵʵڳȣѾǶ⼶Ĵˡ
ֻǸɵڵǿȣʵǲ̫ˡ
׹Һ߼ͬʱף׹ң֮ҲһƬ֮ɫ
׵ȷһ⣡
һ׹ѾǳˣʵΪɵǿߣĺһġ
û뵽ԽսѾϰˣȻҪӦսƷ磡
Ʒʲôˣ
׹ҵзǳ֪ԼܵʵѾǴﵽ˶壡
ף㡭˲ɣ
׹ҿףҲǰ˿ߵĲ֮£Ҳٵĺܣ
ˣôǽһˣ
Ʒ㣬Ϊնݳ
ֻƸһЩϣʵϣûжأ
׿棬ȻˣǱ߾ȫߣ
һԵֿݳʥϣԸһУ
ղһս̫ǿסҲΣأ׳
ͷȷֿȥĻΣԺܴʦ磬ҿȥɣӦû⡭
СӶЩˣʱ򻹳ܣֻ״̬á
ʵҲû̫ĵף֪Ψһܹ׹ҶҲ̫Ļᣡ
ǿȥĻƷʵҲѣ
οΧôɵ۾ǿأ
ײðգƷָԼһᣬȻҪúõİˣ
׹ҿ׵̫ðˣƷǿɵڣɵ۳ڵǿҪһУ¶Ƿ˰ɵÿˣɲģ
أ濴𣿡׿׹ʼ
ǡ
׹ҳ׵ˣ׻ǲ֪ߵغ񰡣
ţ壬ɽ簡ɻʾ͸սɵ۾
ֱδŵ鰡
һԵѾǳ׵ɵˣĲ֪Ӧôǰλǿˡ
ܹƷԼսǱǳǿˡ
ǾûκεܹƷһеģҪ֪ɻʾ۷ǿ߰
Ʒ翴üͷ΢壬Ȼû뵽龹Ȼġ
һЦãʥϹȻǺ찡֮ǰжţû뵽һȻûʧ
峤ϣܹسŵ
׿Ʒ磬Ҫһǵ˵Ļ
˵棬Ʒ練ڵĻʱӮˣ׼ȴˣ
ЩʱԵȷǸö
Ʒ翴׵Ʒɽ꣬һ˵㻰ʥֺαػأ
޽ҽס峤һеĻǡ׿Ʒ硣
ƷЩͷ˵ʥϻǲడܹס峤췢ģΣ
ã
Ȼǵˮ©ҪƷϾ·ûκɲУ
ʱǺпȫû
ƷЩҧгݣصĺ
׵ӣģǴʥܹסƷһУƷԻͼλ뿪ǣΥġ𣡡
ģ
Ծǹݰ
ݸһЦ峤ֺαط˶أ޿ɲǲƷ
㡭ʥϳѿ֮۾ûκ壬ҲֻӼŭۣ
Ʒ类׸ЩͿˣǵֻ֮Ѿͼذˣ
׹ұ
ƷĳԣʵղҲǹ۲ˣԭΪ˿϶ǻǸ˵ֿݳӦս
Լɵڵǿߣȥնɱһλɵ۳ڵ֮ˣԭһѵ飡
û뵽Լ֮˾Ȼ׵ļһ
֮
׵ľٶʵѾǳ׵ŭƷ磡




2081ϧ
 

㳡
īĿɿڴĿԼʦ
һԵī̺īǨҲƲѣѾҲôӰɣ
ɻʾսɵڣ
بδŵ飬û뵽ö֮ľͷǵĸǰ
ǴȥĻһεҪ䶯ɽ˰ɣ
⡭λǰҲ̫ɶ˰ɣ
ī̴˿Ҳ֪ӦôԼˣоǸЦһ㣡
һԵīǨҲƲѵҡǲǸһڴ򽻵ɡɿ֮ҲǸӰ
ҿǸӣǷӣ֮ô˵ļأҲֻзӲŻ˰ɣ
ī̳Ƶ̾һһãȻ
īǾ㵵˵ʦҪĽ𣿿ɡôŲ񰡣ҡһָоʦܹסƷһУ
ʲôҲ𣿡īǨɴ۾īǡ
īŭһīǨ˵ʲôأ
޷ī̳ϣĸоԼЩ˼飡
īǿףҪԼʦΪʲô˵ţ棿
ȥȴֲκε쳣
Լλʦʵ̫ˣ
ݵƺЩ˷ָĳ̶ȣľôŴӺζ
ī̾һ˵ǺɽҲû˵λɻʾ˸սɵڵǿߣһ㰡
ɡǲҲ̫Ǳӳ𣿡īǳ
һǵʵȫԸ̫ߵĸƷǿɵڵĳǿ߰ǿɲɵ۳ڵǿ߿ԱġīǨ
īҲǸ͵οǰֻǸɻʾ֮ˣǵȺŹǸֿݵˣһܹĻᣬϾɵ۳ڵļѾǺˣǰҿ¡
ī΢΢ҡͷʵǲ׵ʲộ
һߣ
÷÷ǺҲĿɿڴ˴۵С۵Ŀ˰죡
÷ǺӴ˿һΪ֮ĸо
Ʒ磬ǿɵڵǿ߰ովһѾʯ쾪ˡ
Ȼûп׳֣һô֣վҲɵǿߵĶ
÷ǺӾôףʵ壬⡭ǲ˰
Ǻӣû˵ģ
÷˿÷ǺӸһ϶ʵԸôǼٵġ
ɸղϸϸһУǷǳĿ϶ģ
÷Ǻʿˮ̫ˣʥʵ̫˰ҪǻҵĻˣ
ǰ÷ҵĸ֣ƷҲҪüͷҪ֪ɽƵĳǿߣһ¡
÷΢΢ҡͷʵǲ̫ܹסƷһУ
÷Ǻӳ壬ô죿
÷ûκεĹϵǴӦʥϵȻҪǴʥϳʲôĻҵȾ;ɣ
÷˿÷ǺҲ΢΢һ̾ѾǶ׵Ĵκεϣˡ
ҲҪҪ˵Ϊʲôôе

ܹΪɻʾڵǿߣܹΪһ۾ôܻأ
浽ˣ
ǴʥϵʲôĻ
÷˵֮Ҳǳڴ֮ɫҪ׵ôӦԣ
÷ǺӵͷԼǣǾɣ
˻һۣҲǳ׵ķһεĿ˹ȥ
÷ǺӵԱߣ
ΤϦвתףһоȻһ˿ı仯
٣
ΤϦôҲû뵽һΪһȻĶ
ڽ죬׵֮棬Ϊ˾ԼֵܴȻվ˳
һĻѾס
ǸЩҲΪһѺ
ϲФӲϲ׼ң
ƷȻҪһɻʾڵ˹УʵЩ
Ȼ֪ܹҵģǿƷ׼ң
ˣʲôӢۺúأ
ֻҪһоͿˣҲ룬ӵѲɻʾ֮˵һ
ǿɵڵǿһаҪģûмôҪģ
ΤϦ˿̺޲ΪҡźҲ׵ڲϵš
𣿡
Ʒг˲м֮ɫ׷У
׿Ʒ磬ҲЩٴУ
֪ԼҪͦһأʵû̫ĵ
ΣһεĽ٣һΪ˾Լ
һжֵõģ




2082ֻһVSĩ
 

Х
ڵĹ㳡֮һƬžԭǱߵ˶һ
㳡ߴ˿ֻʣ׺Ʒˣ
ˣ
Ʒ׼֮ʣȻоԼƺʲôһ㣡
֮
һҲǳˣֻһֵôȻ
ɻʾ֮׷֮ҲǷ˺ܴı仯
ԭһĨɫѾʧȡ֮һƬ֮ɫռ֮˲ײ
Ȼײ֪һеô£
֮һ˿仯ȴĵҲһϲʤˣ
Ʒ΢΢üӣҲ¶һ˿Цݣ
һﵽڻ֪֮ã
ʵ֮򣬿̶ȵƷĳУҲԽʽĹ͵һ͵㣡
ȻˣʵĲ֮ЧҲԣ
˿̵ǿԸоõ֮֮ǰҪЧϺܶ࣡
֮ڣ
ƺǲٿһеףֻƷʵʵǸ߳٣ҲȫƲƷ磡
ߣС
Ʒ粢֪׵ʩչʲôȻЩжЩСƶѣ
ھԵʵǰЩʲôôأ
ݣ
һƷϾȻһɽǷɽǴʲôǶ֮ƷɽҪ߳һΣ
Ʒɽ
·˵˵ҲһƬȣ
ɱţ
Ʒǿɵڵǿ߰Ըһɻڵǿ߾Ȼó˼Ʒ
˿ɱţһְֱ
峤ŭ˰Ȼó˼Ʒ
һСӲҲ˰Ʒʲô
һǵһο⼫ƷȻڲͬĸо
׼ԣֱ
Ф˵Աߣ˵һһţ·Ѿһ㣡
Ʒһδʤϣ
ѾƷȵܹӮˣٴĿǰȷһߵı
׿Ʒ磬ҲǶһɽ
ֻɽȥҪ͵ܶˣٵնɽһƺ͵˺ܶ࣡
ķâȴ˸оһɭɭĺ⣡
նɽϤ֮ˣϵó
ԭҲǲҪóնɽģ֪ѾͷһǶһݱķ
ĩ
ƷߣһǴ󺣵Ĳһ㣬ӿȵ룡
ɵۼǿߣֶιȻһĺȻ
ĩ
ĸһƷѾǳ֮⣬ȥֲ˹
һһ㣡
Ʒܱ߲ϵը쿪˸оһĺȻ
֮γһԲε򣬳ƷĽ֮ϣһĨѹƿֲ
նʽֻأ
ҲҵֱӼԼǿѧ
ֻһһնֻأ
һɪϢӿ޾ĺڰƺ𣬸ڣ
Ʒ֮γĶԱȣһһڣ·ռƬռ䣡
ݣ
һ֮̾ʣĽѾǴ˵߳𣬷·쫷һ㣡
ԭڵ㳡˿ѾǱɵػ
ȻһУôҲû뵽׾ȻԹ
ֲ̫ˣ
ǸоԼ඼ֹͣˣ
˶ǿףΪǿһﲢδֱӸƷˣ
һɻ֮ˣȻô
ɫĽƺҪȺɫĽӵӴ󣬶Ҳˣ
ܿԭƾеѾǽ֯һûñ㳯׵ķϯ
㳡ĸ̨ѾǱײķѿ
ɫĽһ˲ߣɵڵǿߣȹȻǺޱȣ
һĨɫĽϯԭĳ֮Ѿû׵ټ
ˣ
һжˣ
Ʒ¶һ˿ЦݣȻЦݿȥЩǿ
ղǼһһȻҲһ˿΢ĸоָоƺһΣ
ĽѾǽһĨΣ׵Ĩȥ
ֻ֪һĨΣ֮ǰȷǳͷ֮ϣ
ԼһѾǳ׵ĽĨȥеһĨΣ֮Ҳų׵Ļȥ
ɻʾڵʵܹԼܵвҲһŰ
ԽˣԽǲܹ
˭һ׼ҵĵأ׹ҵѣ
Ʒ绺˽ʧķҲ¶һ˿Ц
һʱ䣬ڵĹ㳡һƬɽХ




2083ʤѶ
 

ߣ֪СȻҸ峤˶Թֱ
һССɻʾ֮ˣʲôó
һﵨӻǷʰҵĻ¶ˣ
ٺ٣׼ҵĵҰ³
̻˼۳ȥ˰
µѾһߵˣܶ˿ûоκεľȣǶһж֮У
ǽͷߵ
ɽ֮ҲˣƷɱķΣܶ˶һĳ֮ɫ
˻׹Һߣ˿׹ҺߵɫѾһƬĲҰ֮ɫ
ʱûеõ̫˵Ĺע
˵Ľ㶼ƷϣʱƷ˵ĳء
飬
濴飬ۿ֮Ѿǲˮ
ԼðĻҲڷ飬֮ǰʵ̫ˡ
ɾΪв޵ıʹ
Ϊ˾ԼԼ֮⣬ʲôһꣿ
棬Ҷûޣ޸ɶû˵
Ҳ԰
һƺʲôҪ֪Ǹͨİ
黹ûкñأԼű˸ʲôͷ
İɣʦ绹ˡʵѾǸ֪׵Ĵڣ
ֻԼסˣƷһʱ䲢δ׵ټ
ƷΪѾǱԼնɱˣ뵽ȻˣԶûôأ
ֻڵԼƶѣ
Ҫ˵ԼҲû뵽ƷһȻԼû̫˺
ʵϣײ֪ǣֻһѾǵƷһĹ֮ƷԼһĹ
ЧһӣֱӵƷ繥Ĵ
ȻĺأǱסԼ
οնɽĵֵֻ˲رص˺
ֻǴ˿̵Ѿû̫սһգ
ڲϵļȡڵأ
棿
Ȼ֪˵ģǼʵ
׻ţǲǺݺݵĴƷ
ΪҪǣֻҪ׻ţƷѾûκεĿڶˡ
ˣһ֪ˣٺ٣Ǹһ£
鿴棬ʾ԰꣡
һԵ˵ĶԻ֮Ѿ¶˾֮ɫ
û
ֱʯ쾪ϢǿɵǿߵһȻû
߲ĻӸ˵ļٻ˲ò˰
һߣ
īǵ֮һĨʧ֮ɫ˵Ǳ֮ɫ
֪ӦôԼ飬ˣܣ
ī̿īǵǻǳʱϽ߰ɡ
ʲô׼ѲɻҶҶֲɣī
⡭˵׻ʦ𣬶׼һ׼һ
īڵЩǣīƺΪ
ī̵˵ҪߣһΪʦΪʦʦߣǾҪ֮𣿲ôҶҪԼʦһ̣
⡭ǵ׼ңпܵ۳
īЩˣī̻βȥĻԺڿпܱ˹˰
ܹסƷһУīôԲܣ
׶ˣīǵòʧ
οīΪڵıǴڰ
һһǱܹעģοǵͷڵҲڣǱõĻھͻֺܴΣˣ
ɻԪ䷽ûõһɧľ͵ʴ˰
׼ңڻһ׼Ҳɣοҵʦ𣬸ʲôϵѲ۳ĳ˸ҹȥǾ۳ҹȥҴڣī̳ϡ
īһĿī̵˳׼ѾûκεĺøУ
һԵīǨī̳ϣڱ֮УǻԵƬ̰ɡ
ڴʱ
ƷѾǴ˵İΧȦ˳ƺƽˣ
׹ңڵӣȴ˼ȡҪͶȡɣҪıȡ׼ң֪
Ʒ翴׹еĽѾָ׹ң
һҪԴǰ֮ˣ
Ʒ磬㡭úݵİ׹ŭһ
ˣȻ鵽һɣɱ
Ʒ߸ߵľԼеķɽ׼׹Һ˶֡
²˳٣
ƷҲҹζడ
峤ƺѾסһ˰ɣ
Ʒ׼֮ʣһ쳹ڣƷеķɽһ˰֮С




2084ȫɵ۵Ľ
 


Ƴգֱԭһĳϱüžޱȣ
Ϊ鳾֮ʣһһһεĸ֮У
һսη
𾪵̧ͷƺǵһ㣬ʮֵķḻ
֮࣡
⡭һﻹţôܣǡ
ȻţȻţʵǷ˼˼
ܣѾ峤նɱôܻأԲܣ
ɡһվǱߣѵղĽס峤ľǿһ
ҲţԸҿ˹Ҳʵ
ǰɻôܽӵסɵڵһаɱҲŰ
һ˲䣡
ڱըˣ˶ָָĿǰһĻѹҲʵ
ФͺīiԭһǼһˣ
ǻҪһȥһЩʯܲҵء
һˣһ
ֻڣǽԭ˵һһεĸ˻ȥ
ʵֲ̫˰
һȻûһվǵǰ
һУѾǵ߸ǵĹ𾪵Ƕ˵ֻܹɴ۾װȻǵϷ
īڲԶҲĿɿڴĿǰһУԭΪ׿϶ˣ
ɵб˵ӿûüʲôʱһôķת
׻ţҿȥĻܺã
һѾ޷ˣĸйûа취ȥ͵ġ
īǵԱߣī̵Ҳǵɴ۾ǰһУǴ˿ֻк֮ǹ๾֮
ΤϦԶһεĳ֣ԭı֮ɫʧȡ֮ľȻһƬ֮ɫ
˷ܣ
ʵ̫˷ˣⱲû˵ĵ
ôһԼ֮ǰͦʹ޵ˣû뵽һ̸Լôľϲ
ΤϦһϲ̼Ůˣ׸ֹɽһĴ̼ĸܣ񫣡
׻ţ˾һͷ˷ܵĸʨһ㣬һӱQվˣ
ֻôˣ˭ֻһһأ
˵ĿⶼǶ׵ϣԶ¡ӣҲѾǾ㵵°Ͷˡ
֮ǰ¡ӿҪƷ絥ʱҲ۷׷ף
ܽһǣʥϿ϶Ǳɣ
ֻҪˣʱǾͻȫֱ֮Ӳƽڣ
һеļƻѾǵԺ֮γɣױƷ确նɱڹ㳡֮ϣҲ˷ܲѣ
أ˵ѾǳֳһĨ֮ɫ
״ˣ⡭һﻹ𣿡Ἶȿ¡ˣ
¡˿ҲǺòȥȥԺŵӣھҪұ֪ܿ𣿡
״ˣҡҾ峤ܷһߵİɣἾȳ
¡ŭһȼǿѾܹҵ˵ˣһȻҵ׼ңȻ̣ɻʾڣܹס峤һһεĻ
һ뵽ߣ¡ҲһĺȻ
˵Ļ˼ҵǿᵽʲô̶ȣ
֮ǰ˳Ĵȥڣ׵ţԼʱǶôɵȱ
ֻҪ˼΢һָͷĻµʱԼѾ֮ˣ
ܹסɵڼǿߵˣʲôĸ
Ἶһĭ״ˣҡ֪ˣ̻ȥ
¡Ҳȥɣطʵû취˰ܽΣǷǵﲻˣ㿴߶ʲô˰ӳȥһҲܹģοǲ֪صĸأ
״Լǰ
Ἶȴ˿ɫҰףһԼ׵˵Ҳŵø¡ֱӳڵķ򼲳۶ȥ
һߣ
ڵϣ͹Ѳ涼ܹȥһˣ
һһվǱߣϵһĨ˷֮ѾԱˣ
ˣǰŰѲų
ŹѲҲ͸һɼ֮ɫǰţţһΪ
ǰȻǸ˰ȻôǿԺ˭۸ǣѲ˿緢˵
Ժھ͸ŴʥϻˣʵڲеĻҿھͻȥȫڰǨ
ˣ˼ǡѲųʵ
طܴˣȻ֪ǰǴ׵ĵ۾ǾͶˣҲܻİһЩ׼ҵ֮¡
ͬ⣡
Ѳ˵ҲǼȵϿףʲôĴڰ
һּҳ
˿ӵ׼ҵЩѾǳ׵ɵˣƷĿɿڴĿףҲǸоһսҪˣ




2085²̨Ʒ
 

㡭û
Ʒ糹ɵˣһԵƵҲĿ֮͸һӵ֮ɫ
һȻûôûأ
ƷȻûʹóǿѧĩѾƷĳɱ֮һˣ
ֻôҲû뵽һﾹȻֵסˣ
ҾȻûʲô̫˺ʵ̫һЩ
ɻʾڣ
һֻɻʾʵ˲Ű
׿Ʒڿ¶һ˿΢Ц˭涨ޱҪģ峤Ӧûǵ԰ɣ
ûУ
Ʒ˿Ѿ˼㣬Ԥģ
ɻʾڵˣȻܹԼѣǲܵ飡
֪м䵽׷ʲô飿
ô£ҲҪһ˹Լͽ͡
ڿȺ˱ԼҪ㵵ӣ֪ǲܵ顣
Ȼ˵Ļ峤ǲӦسŵԻҵȳǣ
ʱ˵ĻǸ˶Ҫŭˣ
ȴںƺһжӦõһ㣡
ƷҧŸʥϣȻҹĿ࿴
峤ҪؾᣬʲôҲ峤УȻѾ˽Ǳ峤ŵ԰ɣ
׿Ʒ磬˿Ϊ
Ʒ絭˵ģ˵Ļһ㻰ֻҪʥһʽΣ
ףǺǣ峤Ǻ˼سŵ
һ䣬֪ϼһﵽʲô˼
˿ˣѾս״̬ԵĻǻ̳ߣ
ףѾû̫սˣڵӲǿŶѣ
ʥϣ׹׼ҵİ࣬Ҫ׼ңҺѷߣ
Ʒ絭˵ƺ̽׵ĵߣ
峤ǻῪЦԶˣĪ峤ҪвɣһĿ֮͸һɱ
У໹ûôǣʥϾͲ࿪ļ𣿡
Ʒ粻ϵףϣܹɿڣ
֮ǰ̫ˣԣɽԿɲô÷ġ
ЩѭѭԶصĻ̸أ
ƷѾΣȻǸӵ
ʵҲСѯףʵڲɹֻܹȽ׵ͳ֮ˣ
ģ׹ҵݷǳ⣡
Ʒ֪ݻɽԺվһ󻼰׹ң׵۾ҲǱҪģ
죬ܹһĻǾҪȳһ
׹һЦϴ
Ǵʥܹ׹ҺߣԸóһƷʯΪر
Ʒ翴ףļ۸ѾǷǳˣ
һƷʯǶ˵Ҳһˡ
׼ܹóôƷʯܹǵĳˣ
峤ôֱʰȻóôƷʯ
һڵƷʯǾ֣ҵĻ¡
ʥƺ۾ûգһ£ҿӦǲӦˡ
ǰ׹ҿֵܣһƷʯ治ʲô˶ֵܹסջ󰡣
һʱ˵硣ܶ˶пܻӦ
׿Ц˼ȻƷ˵һƷʯһڣҲ޵ֵܲʯԺġ
ʥϣȰÿǺ˵
Ʒв֮ѾԱĿܹɱ˵ĻѾ˲֪ٱˡ
ǣҪ峤ŵԣ
׿Ʒ磬ҲǵʲõĿŶ棬
Ʒ˫Щ΢΢һԵФүүһԲܷߡ
ǰ磬һԲܷ߰Żɽ󻼣ǿɲܡ
ƵҲƷĸǰѾǱ׸ˡ
ɱһĺʱȻһǿסƷ峤һУ˹Ŀ࿴
Ʒ峤ҪնɱˣҲǷǳ׵飡
һоֱܹɱһˣ
ߣ׼ܳʥϣ롭
Ʒ缸һһ˵⼸֣˶Կó˿Ʒķŭ
²̨
˭֮ǰƷѾ¶ģΥǶԺӰɾʹˣ
үү
Фӵ֮ŭѲ׼ҾôĿ⼸һҡڵĴ߳ȥ
׿Ʒ΢΢һЦ峤سŵ֮˰ҿԼ߰ɣ
֪طԲܾ
ȵǳǣƷͻ׷ɱǣΪ֮Ҳ˵Լ׵ͳǣ
ĲһͣΪֻҪǣʱƷ缴ҪҲǲܵģ
׵˵ӰʧڣƷ˵һʧڵ㳡֮ϡ
˶֪׼峤Ǹʲôȥˡ
ֻܹ׷׵ˣ




2086´ȥ
 

⣡
׵˽֮УǼԦ
ǵһ̣˾ûгֹһ㣡
⣡
Ʒ˸ϵʱ򣬽ӵʱ䣡
ǿ׵ʧģ
ˣ
ʶϯŷԲصÿһأô̽飬ȴû׵˵Ӱ
أ
Ƶ˴۵С۵Ļ࿴Χˣȴûз˵κټ
ܣҼѰ
ƷбһĻ棬˾Ƥӵʧˣ
ҪǴȥĻԺ׼һʲôɽ㣿
ɻʾ֮˾Ȼܹѣ鰡
Ʒ߳ŭ
Ҳڲ˵Ŀֱ׷ɱ˳ʧԼĸǰȴûκεټ
ŭˣ׵ķŭˣ
Լ˸ϷˣˣǱԼĴϷˣˣ
׹ҵݣʵ׹Լ˵һ̣ƷѾ֪ˣ
Ȼ𾪲ѣû뵽Լʧ˰Ĵ绹֣ĳˣ
һó˵ļƣƷ粻ģ
Լһֵ׼ҾôãοΪ嵱ԼĵҲ˹
ԼĴһεĻôô׵ľóóԼȨأ
ѡ˲ϣѡɱ
Ϊһ˭Ҳ֪׹ҵ˭ˣ
ôҲû뵽鵽Ȼһ棬׹ûɱɣԼȴ棡
ɨӣϸ΢
ƷƺҪһƬڵߣôʧԼĸǰȴ޹ʵʧˣ
ôܣһģ
˵ȥʲôطƷˣȴް취
磬ȥҲǰ취Ƴ
˵ô죿׹ҵҪȫΣƷ翴ԼĵܵܣҲŭһ
ǵʱǷҪܴնɱ׹ЧȵĻʱҪնɱ׹׼ˣ
أ׹ˣ޴Ʒ缸˱ߵıԵ
磬ѾˣӦ취ȰƳ
ȣʲôȣƷ
Ƶһδڵݽڣһһīǵʦīɻ׼ҵĵϡ
ڣ˼Ҫīˣ
Ʒ֮Դһ˿ķŭ֮ɫƷǳʧ
Ƹûκεľ죬ֻҪ֪һĶ򣬵ʱǿ԰·ɱ
ƨ⣿׼ܹ׵Ҳ˵ǲīʦ𣬾ǣҲšڣԺ׼һҪҪչˣ
Ʒ翴ƣıӶЩˣ
ǽһںްҪǵԼܹ¶ĵĻҲ鵽˵ĵز
⡭磬Ȼܶ䣬Ǹī̸̸Σ
ƿƷ΢΢һ̾Ҳ֪Լ˵Щˡ
ΪƷ˵ıŭûа취֮²˵Ļ
룬׼ѾǸ׵۾׷ˣڵЩòʧˡ
ˣȥɣ֪ͨˣ׹ҵϢϱ
Ʒûἰκι׵飬ΪѾԼ뷨
Ŀֻ׹ңףȻȴû˼
һԵФԼүүĻȴһ˼
׹ҵû̫Ĺϵĵȴף
ҪСӵĻҲôʯҲķΤϦĸǰôˣ
үүǡǸ׵Ƕôӣ׼ôܹǼһﲻǶ۳׻ʳҪȻǴɱ
ФһǱ߿Ʒ˵
Ļû˵꣬ѾǱƷĴˡ
ƷЩŭյ˵ӣһǰɣ׵۳Ҫȥܹ֣۳ͶˡΪ۳ֽĲɣǴҲÿء
˵꣬Ʒֱӷȥֻ˿Կĳ
˿̵ƷѾǿҪˣԼƤӵˣеһԹôܹйأ
ȻⲻԶһƬ֮УһϵҲǷǳ⣡
Լʶ˵̽飬˵Ƥӵ£ԡ⣡
ݾˣȥ
ƷɵڵǿߣҲ֮е飡
ֻ˿ûʲô֮ͬɫʵδﵽǵȾĻ½׼ҾҪѪɺˣ
֮һ˳Ϸ۳ķ򼲳۶ȥ




2087ǣ벻ˣ
 

ǣ
Ϸ۳ĳĴ۳ĳ޵
۳֮ʣ۳Ч֮
Ϊ۳ǵĺΰһĻʳܱ⣿
֮ǰ׵ȥǣƺҲ˺ܶ࣡
һ󣬶Ϸ۳Ļʹǵ룬ռ޴
ΪϷ۳ĳ˻ʹ֮⣬طû̫Ľơ
ֻҪΥϷ۳Ĺ涨ǱĽ룡
һ·׵˶ڻָԼʵ֮󣬳֮⣬֮˶֮У
Ϸ۳Ĵ۳֮һһƬַǷľ
Ŀĸ̡͸ۡЩĸо
ķ
߾÷Ǻӵ˵ĵʵԭҪȥҳ
Ϸ۳ʹĴȴײòͣԼļƻ
ҲֻелȥҳˣҪóóȻǰĻʱ˵ֱӾܹˡ
֮
ʵĵĴʱ䣬÷ǺӵȴһϢûУ
һûϢȴȵһԼҲ벻ˣ
ΤϦ
ΤϦͻȻ֮ԼĸǰҲЩĿɿڴŮôأ
ٺ٣ⲻ⣿ϲ
ΤϦף֮ǰְѾǼˣȡ֮һ˷֮ɫ
׿ΤϦЦһϲûУǸҾˣΤС㣬ǻǺԵְ
仰ҰҼҳԾһˣҾ
ΤϦֵԸҲû˭ˣһ˶ЩͷƤĸо
ʵϣŮ˲ûʲôӡҲ̸ʲôøˣ
ūгǳ
ֻû뵽طȻܹŮˣҲЩˣ
δ갡
סʲôΤС㣬ҿûʱ棡׳
Ҳûʱ氡˵Ķģϲ㣡
ΤϦһӣЩʧɫ
ۣ
һ˲䣬ױЦЦķǳĿģŮ˻ǸѾͷ
޼ɵЦݣΤϦһѽ׸ק˳ɫһôЦ𣿡
˵ΤС㣬ұֻһ֮Եһǲɢһ˵Ļο˶û˿Ȥ㱳Що
׵Ļ˵ϣʵѾǴ̬ˣ
ΤϦǹֱӵİȻ˵ϲԼ
׿ɲ磬Ȼ˵ΤϦȷһεεĴŮҪģģģ
ɽ磬ӦҲָĴڣ
ײŮ̫ľûԭ򣬴ľΪūг
˵ūг𣿡ΤϦֱ˵ʵ
Ȼ˵ˣҲֱ˵ˣ˵ʵ˵ɻﷷǷһЩҩΪɳܿɺ𣿡
׿ΤϦŭһΪϷ۳ĻһЩ
ΤϦʼūгҼĲҵǲֲΤϦŪİɣûȥֻܹ˳ඡ㲻ϲĻԺ󲻲ˣ
ΤС㣬ǲãǲҲ޻˵ϾûκεĹϵߵҹҵĶľΣ
׿ΤϦŮΪʲôأҲһͷˮ
ΤϦף˲ϻ䣡
ˣ
Ů˾Ȼˣ
׿ҲһĿɿڴŮ˻ΪôС¾Ϳˣ
ףֻϲѣûбҪҰɣҴ÷ǺǱߵõϢûûҹĴ׼ҸϵߣΪ˸˵仰㡭㡭ء
ΤϦίĶڵϣ˫
˵̬һԳܵС£ǽһΰ
Ƿ׽磬ǲֵһᣡ
ɽ֮оȻҲܹȹѪľ飬ʵƲѣ
Ů˵ɱ׺ݵ̫ҪйĶ࣡
ΤϦ˲ίĶڵϣҲǳΤС㣬ֻ˵е뷨ѣ˺ҸǸɣˣ
ǣҳ֮ǰвмɡǸʱҲ֪˭˵ˣǽ𣿡ΤϦˮ֪磸ǸռܲйϵӿʼʱҾ֪һūгġ
֪üʵ
ΤϦҵȻ֪ΪҺɵֻʱҲ֪ʲô˶ѡ
ΤС㣬ȥͲˣŮˣӦ˰ɣ׵
ǸռܲҡҲ⣡ΤϦһɫЩͨ˵
ҽ⣡û˵Τңūг𣿡
ô˵ҲϣΤϦܹʵôŮ˵ϲԼֲľͷܲĶ
ĲԸӵūгΤΪ飬˵ⷬǵϣ
ʲô»ңԼѡ
ã
ֻǵ׸˵仰ʱΤϦȻԥ˵һԸ⣬ʵЩ۾




2088Ů׷
 

ķĳ䣡
һƣʵִ̫һЩ
ΪΤҵĴС㣬ѾͷȻ˵ΤҾΤң
ԼôоôĲأ
׸ղǾ仰ǰԼݽȥˣڱ˷һɫҲЩƣ
ãǺǣҿ㲻ðɣⷹҳԣɲ˵ҪΤңһУ
׻ǿ˵ڵǴڱˣ
ΤϦףЩǿ˵ΤϦ˵ȥĻóȥˮҿԶģ
𡭡׸ϽֹѾͷǸ˵Ϊ
ô˵ͬˣΤϦףҲת磬һ˿Цݣ
ʲôͬˣͬʲô˰û˵
ΤϦ׵һŤŤģһŮءղŲ˵Τң͡
ҡֻ˵ҪΤҿǿǣû˵
ҲЩ֪ԼͲ˵ˣ֪Ůôšأ
ҲܣʽΤңԺ㵽Ҿ͵
ΤϦһƺĵҪôˣʵôȷһʱ嶯
ΤϦһˬʵŮӣ˵ΪʵФ֪
ֻФɾ׷ΤϦȴøʲôҲûţΤϦ̵ٰľ档
ѹҲŮʲôϸȴĵõΤϦķģ
ֻ˵ԻĲˣ
һȻΤϦΤϦ֣صĸ㣬кܶŮˣֹռܲһһҲ࣬һҲ١ֵģҸӵĲġ
ȻӲԣ׾ԼֻܹʹɱˣǾ飡
ˣŮܲڹľ˰ɣ
ΤϦɴԼۿ׵Ȼһ࣬ΪʲôҪܾأ
ȥǲ˻ΤС㣡
׳ױŮ˻һװ֪ΪʲôԼô˵ȴһҪĻԼ
ΤϦ֪˵Щ˼ҲͼʲôΤʲôС
ǰΤʲôУҲ֪㲻ͼʲôҲͼΤʲôѿԣŮ֮䣬ҿ˰ɡ
׿ʼЩˣԭŮѶԸ⣡
ûа취ŮˮµľŮ˵ᡣ
ȻЩʱ飬ֽεεĴŮûʲôֿ
Ů˶ԼȻ˵ִţȻЩŮˡ
ΤϦˣô˵ղǴӦˣ㻹ǲǸ˰ôŮͶͱ㻹ˣ
ǲˣ¶һ˿Ц
㡭ʲô̫ˡΤϦһĻһӺɶֱ
㻹ûûΰ֮䶼ʶȴ㣬治֪Ӧ˵ʲôˡ΢΢һ̾ʵûˡ
ΤϦ¶һ˿ЦݵҴСһֱΤңɫɫνҼˣЩżӵܸʤһֱ᲻ȤΪǵӣҶЩ񣬿㲻һ
ʲôһģ׷ʵ
ȻòΤϦһƲѣϽתҡҲ˼˵Ȼ಻ر˧ȴ
˶ȥˣƷһأôûȥƵ˵
ǵȻһˣҾǾţҴСһֱҪѰҵ˾ģԱǿĶ֣Ҳû˿ķΪԼֵܲɽ缸ûˣҵΧûм
ΤϦһ仰Ƿĵģ˵ʱдż֮ɫ
׿ΤϦ΢΢һ̾ΪΪҾ׹ң˵ΤС㣬ɳİɡ
ҼȻԼѡǾԲġΤϦǴһգ壡
ΤϦףᶨ˵
ãôһεεĴŮҵѣѲɻҪһŮ𣿡׿ΤϦӣһ⣡
ǲشˣʹӦˣΤϦףԼ֪ΪʲôԼ˻
ʵоڵԼ첻ʶԼˣ
ղΪ˾ȻˣһΤϦԼû뵽
ΤϦһֱҪ׷ѰܹԼȻĶӣһ̾Ȼˡ
оԼھǱ˸һ
˿̣ҲЩǿ̧ͷ׿ΤϦ¶һ˿ЦҪΤңվ˭һߣ
ҪΤңΪʲôΤϦһ׵Ļɫ䣬ѿڶʵ
ش𣡣
׵г⣬ƺһҪһ㣡




2089Ļش
 

ҡҲ֪
ΤϦɫһ䣬ıЩʹ࣡
ʵҲ֪Ϊʲô׻ͻȻôʣһԼˣһԼȻĶˣ
Ӧεľ
֪׵뷨Ҳܹó׶ūг
ܲΪһˣȥȥնɱԼļ˰ɣ
֪ղŲ˵ϲ𣿺ǺǣȻϲңǾӦÿΪҸһУϲһˣұˣ
׿ΤϦĨһ˿Ц
ͱ˵ӣʶ׵˿¶ˡ
ʵϣô֮Ȼǣ
ΤϦǿ̧ͷǶкøвѲɾΪЩøУΤҵĵطҪΤңҸһ𣬻ʱҲΤҹ
ţô˵㲻ôǻᱳˣ׿ΤϦ˵
ѣɣҲĿҵүүҵĸ׺ĸ׵İ֮˵ĽµģˣԸѡ
ΤϦۿһ죬־ƺǳʹ࣡
Ժ֮Ļ棬ǵʱӵĻӦôأ
Ҳʹ࣡
ײ¹ϵȻף˼ҪĶû˼ĻԸҲԲһֱôģ
ȻЩô˼棬ⲻԸѣ
Ѿ׺ˣҪԼļ˶֣ʱҲԹ۵ģ
뵽ߣһķ
Ļشǲ׺Ȼɫ֣ΤϦǵͷ
ʵϣΤϦҪ˵ʱԼһΤҵĻǾԲܸŮκεĽˡ
Ϊʲô
һŮˣԼ˶ܲˣ˾Ѫ
ϲ
һˣܹŮԼߣղʳĻҪΤϦһŮˣǲֶεŮˣ
ڿŮ˵ҲЩ飡
ԼҪﵽĳĿģΣͷǱǣ
ΤϦߵκһŮ˶һΪݷǳ
Τɽһĵĳ壬׼еһƴ֣
ļĵϵŮӣȻĸ
ΤϦ¶һ͵˼ˡ
ʲô˼
ΤϦɵĿף챻׸ͷתˡ
΢΢һЦ˵ˣĻشҺ⣡㲻Ҫһ𣿿ԣ
ţôָıˣ
ΤϦףղĻشʵվߵģһֱѵĸо
һȻɿˣΤϦЩ벻
ʼҾΤСԸƢһͶǻദһʱɣǲʴҲҪǿ
ã
ΤϦû̫ȻղһεâɽһĻҲû뵽
׿ΤϦΤС㡭
㺰ϦɡΤϦףҲǵ
ðϦһ˵׵ǣһһܹó֮ǰ׼ҵʱӦ֪ҵ˰ɣ
׿ΤϦʵҲǴΣ֮УԼܲأ
ΤϦʱԼĺӲҲЩˣ
ΤϦν˵ϲľ㲻ηǿȨӢţҺµĻһ𣿡
Ӧ֪۳ĶԹּ׼ҵĶԹʱ򡭡
׿ΤϦҪЩ˵ˣ
ʱڱͱһǿɲԼġ
ҲرΤϦĸƤŮʱֻֿԣ
һ־ǿԼһ־һֲɸ˵Ŀģ
ײŮΣֻѾӦŮ˸ԼһһӣҲǸ֮ˣ
ΤϦҡѾӦΤңԺʲôѣһе
ǺǣϾΤңʱΪ»ΤҴ֣֮Ҳڣһεʵ
ΤϦҧҧҡҹһӾȥ˵飬ʱһ˾֪ĻΤҸҾû̫ĹϸˣҵΪΤҡʵҵΪҲܴΤңϾֻһŮˡ
ϦǺοأ̾һŮ˵ľǿЩεĺܡ
ôѣȻ֣һʱ䲻֪ôźã
ʵҲǷ֮ǰû˵ⷬĻҲˣ
ȻˣǲܹΤϦŮ˲٣һкξأ
״ӦΤϦʱһȥΤҽ飬Ǿķȴ÷Ǻӵˡ




2090÷ҵѡ
 

֮
ķһȺˣȺһķ֮󣬺ܿӭӣ
׺ΤϦ켸Ǵķǿȥոһ㣡
ȻȤΤϦȴоǳĿģ
֮һһʱỹƿ˵Ҳûôˣ
ףˡ
ΤϦ÷Ǻӵ˵ĵҲ΢΢һЦ
׵ͷţȥɣ
ףһϷ۳Ϊ˰ռұİɣ
ΤϦףЩ̲סʵ
ױ߱Цŵⷽ뷨ÿ˵ռҵʲôҲǺ
Ѿ۳ڸϷ۳˷ĿĻɽһ㶼ˣƺЩòʧɣ
ΤϦѵȷ׵ĴǷǳĺã
Ȼ첻µز£ΤϦһζ²ʲôõİ취
˽ףÿһȻɣ
һ׼ңʵԸ׼ңʵǾжѣ
Ϸ۳ⷽ棬ɲ˳嶯
ϾҲ֪Լڻ۳Ķ֣£һ۳͵һ۳ǻ֮ģ
οһιֻĿģ
һˣһ̽Ϫ䣡
Ϸ۳ôãҲǷǳĶ࣡
ǰϪǱ˸һ㣬ʥʳһϢûУ
һϷ۳ûϢĻԼҲҪˡ
΢΢ҡͷİɣзִ磬ҿȥôçײ𣿡
Ҹоһ㣬ʵЩȫԲõĲ𣿡ΤϦЦŵ
ƱۣӦöİɣ˻һԵǿôĽأ
׿ΤϦҲ¶һ˿ЦݣΤϦԼЩġ
ʹ˵⼸仰׾Լʵ⣡
һҪԼˣǾԲ˵һģ
ķ㣡
׺ΤϦѾ棬÷ǺӺ÷˿׸ΤϦһʱҲһȻ
ʥϸΤСǡ
÷ǺӿףҲɻʵȻİ֮ȼգ
׸׼˵żţһԵΤϦѾˣ
ۣ
÷ǺиոնһڵĲˮֱ˳
Ҫ֪ķʱ˻Щͬˮء
ٿ˾ȻѾһˣ
ΤϦʵô˵˵÷Ǻӵģ˵ռܲġ
ֻռ֮ܲƺûеǰ㼤
ʵʱռܲͶһϰΪˣԭ׾ûͼʲô
ܹɽ֮أ붼û飡
ڣ׾ҶٵŮˣֻҪЩ˶ĵģȥʡ
ôˣΨһԸܹһε׵ĻУԸѾʵˡ
ǵˣײԼԼҵĴС㣡
ռܲȥʲôأ
׿ռܲıһĵȻҲһʵɽҲûмĹ
Ů˵黹ûţ֮⣬ֶ˸ΤϦ
⻹ҪģҪеϷ˶۳ľŹ溷ƣù溷ƳΪδޣ
룬׶֮ǰԼЩƲסⷽĳ嶯
úúãճɾ÷ǺҲ΢΢һЦȥЦĵȷЩΣ
һԵ÷ƺҲЩΣĴָʥһս£ɻڵʵӲƷ磬ʵҵȺհ
Ǻǣ÷ˣҲƶѣ׳÷Цŵ
ʥϣλѾˣǴʥϲĻķס
÷Ǻӿף֪׵Ҫʲô׻һĿ
л÷峤ҾͲ÷鷳ˣӦҲ֪⣡
׵Ҳǲסߣûеطסء
ΤϦǱߵūгǿ뿴һ۵֣
ΤϦȻҲ֪׵̬ȣᶼû¡
÷Ǻӿ׳÷Ȼʵһ㣬Ҳû¹˭ʥϲΪҵȿǡ
һԵ÷Ҳǵͷǰʥϲظ÷ҿ÷£һԶΪȻ˴ʥѣԺʥϱ÷ҵѡ
÷ǺӵͷԺʥҪ÷ǺӵĵطҾ岻ݴǣ
÷峤֪˵ʲô׿÷Ǻӣüͷһ
ʵϣҲû뵽÷ǺӾȻʱԼȷ̬ȣ
ʲô˼ѲԼʾòɣ
Ѳǲ۳ѹ




2091µ˵ĵ˾
 

ķ
÷ǺӺ÷˵һ̬Ҳһü
ʵһԼ¶㶼أ
⼸ΤϦŮѾЩˡ
÷ǺԼ÷ҵľų÷˾ȻԼʾá
Щ׽͸ˣ
׾ô÷ǺӺ÷ˣһԵΤϦ΢΢һЦף㲻֪÷Ҹ۳Ĺϵ
ţ֪
ƵĿ˿ΤϦʵ֮ǰֲûиǽӴ
ҲûκεἰһôͻȻἰأ
÷ңļ֮жûʲôϢ
Ϊļ϶Ǹ̫幬۳йصġ
Ҫԭ黹ڣȵɽ絽ʱǺܹܶ
ԣһЩ֮£׶ɽ֪Ķࡣ
һЩǿߺ嵹֪һЩЩ尡Űкܶ׻Ĳ֪
ʥϣ÷۳ϣҲʲôܣҵҲ۳ıˣ۳Ҫ÷Ҳһˡ
÷Ǻν˵ʵ֮ǰ׽ӴʱҪἰ
ֻʱ÷˸ֹˣΪǲȷǷʵܹ
׼һս֮÷˸ܵ׵غǿ
ɻʾڵʵȻܹӲɵڼǿߵһ
Ǹܵ˴׻ʳʵ
Ȼһʳʳȴһ㣡
ߵֿλǿߣǿɶɵۼǿߣ
ͳһʵ÷Ҹ׻ʳ˺Ļ
˵ĵ˾ѣ
÷ҵ۳Ҫ÷ҲһˣһȻǶһݱˣ
׿÷Ǻ΢΢һЦ֮仹йͬˣ
۳Ҫ÷Ҹ׳Ƴ÷Ȼġ۳һŭ֮Ҫɽ𻢣Ǹʱ˸Ƕѣ֮Ҳûж÷Ҷ֡
÷ǺӿףҲʵʵ˵
ʵ֪˲ΤϦҲ֪ġ
÷Ҳ΢΢һ̾÷ʵȻһ㣬ɲȴںӦҲ۳÷ҵһԭɡ
Ǹղ˵Ϊʲôˣʲô飿
׿÷ǺӵʵǶһȻҲʲô¡
ʥϾȻ֪ɽ׮飿÷ǺЩ𾪵ʵ
һԵΤϦҲǵͷǰ֪
Ҵ½ҲŲʱ䣬ܶ鲻˽⡭
ʼĽ͵Ҳǵλ
÷Ǻ΢΢һЦû뵽ʥϾȻ½֮ˣҲѹˣ
һԵ÷Ҳǵͷǰɽһǿţʵ͸ڵĴ׻ʳЩƣȻƺͨʵʵΪǿᡣҲһλţɻʾ۷ʵȴܹսɵۼǿߡ
̫幬
ʶѿڶʵ֮ǰʵǲǾ̫幬ˡ
˵֮ǿȷˣ
ԭʥҲ֪鰡÷ǺӹһЦѰ˼ŴʥϲӦò֪顭
Ҳû뵽˵Ǿ̫幬׵˵
÷Ǻ΢΢һ̾ң뵱̫꣬幬Ǻεȵ磬ǾΪĹ˳۳ŭɵ³졣յű𡭡
ߣǿ˵ö֮۳ҲǺܿߡ
׳ʵ˭ܹ֪Ǿ̫幬Ĵأ
ǰ۳һֱˣԴӾ˾̫幬֮۳ƺһӾͳˣȻҲ֪ͼıʲôǵҰģԲưոݵġ
÷ǺӿףҲ׵
һԵ÷˵ʥϣ۳ǿҵȱҪܹһϣ򡭡
Ǻǣ÷ϵ˼ǡ׿һ÷˵
ҵ˼ǣ÷ҿ׻ʳ֦ͬһѣԻ֧Ԯ
÷ǿ˵˵ѾǷǳֱˡ
׿һ÷˵һȻǻ£Ȼ÷⣬ҴȻҲӭ֮
һΪ
÷˿ףɫ֮ҲǴһ˿ļ֮ɫ
һȻԹۣ÷ҪҴ׵Ļǡ
ʥϣ÷ҾԲֱСˡ÷ǺӼæ
΢΢ͷȻòˣ֮ĲУǷ֮ĲޣϲС˺ӡ
ϾǲϤʥдҲ飬ദ֮󣬴ʥϾͻ֪÷ҵΪˣ÷¶һ˿ŵЦݵ
׵ͷȻԼˣЩҲͲܻλˣС㡭
ʥϡ
û뵽ֱӽԼԭֻһţһЩ
ռҵô£
׵ʵϷ۳ռѾΪͻƿڣ




2092ռұ
 

ķ
ȴϯλϣ
׵ݣ÷Ǻӵ˶ҲҵϾڿһǿ
÷Ȼ˵׻ʳʵ϶÷˵Ҳ໥
÷Ҿ۳ǳĽ׻ʳԶ۳
Ҫ˵ΣԵĻ÷ҵΣջҪȴ׻ʳ
۳һֱǻ񣬿ҪǶֵĻ÷ҿ׵ġ
ҲΪʲôղ÷ǺӺ÷˸̹׵һԭƱ˰
û뵽ͻȻ֮ʵԼ
ʵոջصǣԺ֮ҲһƬĻ硣
˵Ϊĵľռ˵İΣ֮ǰռұ𣬺ܶ˵ϢѾ֪ˡ
ִ֡磬ҡҲ֪Ҫʲô
ԵЩţȻһ·Ҳ÷Ǻӵ˵׼ҵı֡
ϾϷ۳
Ϸ۳׼ҿԱ
οܹ׼ѣҲǽҶѣ
׿磵մС㣬ȻǼܲѣǱҵѡռҵҲжţֻʲôһ
ִ磬Ҫ֪ռҵ׵˭𣿡
磿ףҲɻʵ
ʵȻװҲ֪ɲô׵ġ
׵ͷţռϷ۳İ˴֮һΪλ˹û䣬ҲӰɣ
һԵΤϦ׵ռҵ˲õˣ
ŶҲ֪תͷΤϦЩơ
ΤϦͷҵȻ֪ˣ֪ΪʲôѡΪҵĸʵҲǲ̿۸ֻû뵽մСѾߣȻŮˡ
ʵΤϦ֮ǰ֪ĻҲʲô
ҪǺΤϦ˺øУҲ֮Ļռܲ˭Ů˸һëǮĹϵ
ΤϦūгϰ壬ūռܲΪ˽ã
һ㵹ΤϦԼҲû뵽ʵȴѾˡ
Ī⣬ˣҸҲʶ׳
ΤϦٺһЦⲻ˵Ե𣿡
һԵռܲΤϦӣҲǵΤС㣬ռҵ֪ǴС㶼֪󵽵˭Ҫռҡ
ǰֻ֪ռҺʲôˣɾһĲرֻҪҵҵļˣǻŵİɡ
֮һĨ֮ɫϣľܹҵһͻƿڣ
ΤϦȻ֪ƺԼε͸ӵˡ
ΤϦռܲû뵽׵Ů˶Լû̫ĵ⣡
Ҳ¶һ˿ЦݵܲãմС㣬ʵҲͨһЩ֪ġҶԵ۳Ȥֻ֪ı˭ҪռҸ𡭡
˭ΤС֮磿ΤϦһθôΤϦ˵
ΤϦ̾һʵҲ֪㵽ǲȷģף˵˵ǲ˵أ
Ȼ֪Ȼ˵ˣ׳
ΤϦ׵˵֮ǰܲȻشһ⣿
ǲҪʣ֪˺ѵǲǻҪһУ׿ΤϦҲ֪ŮҪʲô
ΤϦ¶һ˿ǳЦȻ֪ˣҿƺѾˣҪԥһˣ
㲻˵ΪҲ鲻𣿡׿ΤϦ
˼Ҹ㿪ЦһȤûУΤϦЩֵĿףռϷ۳İ˴֮һǵ˱ūгʱҲصѯһ£ʱǸ˵ռҵĸӦøһйء
⡭ôܣ
磵ɫ৵һ¾Ͱˣһᵽ֣ƺûѪɫ
˵ӦռҶЩˣ

һӱ³ݣȻϷ۳̫ӣǴӦǳֵˣ
Ϊʲôܣǻҵôܹ׵˶ռҵĸأ
ΤϦ磣Ҳǳ
ռҶϷ۳һĹΪʲôΪʲô
磸оһӲܹʵ˶оһĨ֮ɫ
Ϸ۳۾ɽλרУ÷ǺһԲ廰
׵ͷ֮пᣬռҵıӦòϷ۳۾⣬ҿп֮ɵĲҾɡ
ɡռҡ
ƺЩ˵ȥˣһֱ˵Ĺ³
˭Ҳܹ˵ʵɣ
ռҵһǱūгһƺɱ򱻱Ϊūͣ˸壡ΤϦһԵ
΢ѯһӦþ֪ˣҸʣ÷ǺҲǿʵ
ΪĳִҪִ£
Ȼ֪׵Ҫʲô֪÷Һ׵ĵһκȻΪؼĶˣ
ܿ죬һķεѾ˽




2093峤
 

ųϡ峤
˽֮ҲǶ÷Ǻӹ
÷Ǻӿ˵÷ô
峤⻹ԣȥ࣬ӣ÷÷Ǻӣ̬ʼôĹǫ
÷ǺӵͷϷ۳ӦһЩ˰ɣ
峤Ϸ۳Ѿʱˡ
÷ҲЦЦķһ·ΪһˣָһѾǹȥٶˡ
÷һԿ÷ʵ㣬ǰϷ۳˴֮һռҲʣ֪ɣ
֪ģųϡ÷һ֪ռΪϹ˳۳үˣ
ү
÷Ǻӿ÷Ҳǳʵ
÷ͷ峤˵ûүЩϷ۳۾ɽӴҪλԼ֮Ѿһĳ̶ȣ
ռƣ÷Ǻʵ
峤Ŀǰյ̫ӳӦռһƣϾǴɶ֮ǺܲпᣬϷ۳ĵ۾ƺԴ·βܣԽԽңĿǰԳͳΪʵλүиϳ̫ӵͷ
÷ƺϷ۳Ҳ֪ĺ
Щʵ÷Ұڸ֮һ鱨
ȻǱ϶ģʵ϶ɽһһҲָƵġ
ɽһЩ˽⣬ʱôܹɽأ
ô˵ռҵ˥Ϊˣ÷Ǻӳʵ
÷ͷһҿȷռԭͲκһʱΪ˴֮һվǾ͵ˣ
ռҵ˱֮˶ȥˣһʵ
λǡ
÷׵ˣ֪׵ݣҲ֪ӦòӦûش׵⡣
÷Ǻӿ÷λֹӣҲǵĺѣششǣ
ֹӣ˵ռҵļʵġ³ȽϵһЩˣӦǳɽ𻢵Ϊ
÷׵̧ͷ˿ס
Ǽʵأ
ռ峤˵ǱѺӦүûзռϣ÷ڵ׹ѺʲôطͲö֪ˣճ峤ڡڡ
ҵﰡ
һӼˣһԼĸ׺үүϢҲ̲סˣѾǶ
㡭ռҵĴС㣿÷һѵ磣Ҳסˡ
÷ǺһԵͷλռҵĴС磹Ҳҵѣ
峤ռʲôʱ򡭡
÷ЩסˣôҲû뵽Լ峤ȻռйϵһʱЩ֪˵ʲôˡ
÷ǺӳͲˣֻҪռҵ峤ںδ
峤ճ峤ҵܲǰ
÷ʱʱ̧ͷ˿ˣ
৵һ˳Ҫ֪Լĸɻʾ۷ǿߣ
û뵽˵裬ΪŮôܹأ
ң
ЩŵĿ÷ôҲʵ
մС㣬÷磣Ҳʼ
ΪϷ۳˴֮һ
ռҵȷǻķǳҰһϷ۳з
շ·֮
Ϸ۳ĵ۾Ҳûκε˵ʹϷ۳Ķ֮Ĳң
ռȹѫ屻Ϸ۳ĵ۾̸ֹʲôأ
м䵽ʲôŹ֣ûܹ͵
ʲô壿ײ֪ңҲǳʵ
÷׵ǰ˴֮λڶļ壬ʵǿĺܡ֮ǰռҼλа˴֮УʵҲǰ˴֮ĩѣ
ռڰ˴֮еȷʵһһнΪҶүү߻ħµġ
Ҳ̾һɫӵĽ
ռҵûϢ׿÷ʵ
⡭ʱö֪Ҳֻ峤Ӧ֪ɣֹ̫ܲ۰
÷ףһε̯˫֣ȥһΣ
÷ǺӳȻĻҿȽ峤˵ˣ
峤ʹð峤Ϸ۳үԴ˽ǰҪǾĻǿǾ͵Ϸ۳˰
÷һԼ峤˵緢ĻҲһ
÷Ҹ۳ѾЩͬˮˣڸϷ۳ӵĻǵʱ÷ҵ֮
Ҫ֪÷ҵܲɾͼ۳֮䰡
׵һЦ޷øϷ۳̫ӵһݴǸã




2094׼
 

ķ
ɫЩϾǣһȫ
׵ϵһɣ
ӸղЩ֮УҲһţ
ȻռǶ֮Ʒûеǲ֪أ
ֻҪռҵмţǾϣģ
ЩֵǣϷ۳ĵ۾ɽӵľٶЩ˿̫ˡ
˵һ۾ҪƽΪԼã
⴫λԼĶӣأ
Ͼ۳Ľɽǳҵģһ۳ĳ屻Ȼ֨֨һʵЩ̫ˡ
Ȼˣ׾üȻɽѾǲЩˣǱǳͳ֮
ǸѾһĹʶ
ڰռңǾ͵ڴ
ųյһݴ񣬵ʱҲܿĵģ
ѣȻǲģֻЩֵǣռ㣬ΪʲôȴŲʣ
ѲҪ£ռ𣿱ϾռҲǰ˴֮һ
ֹӣǧҪ嶯
÷׵˼Ҫ뿪Ҳŵһ£
ɲĮ̇һ˼ҵĵϣⲻǳô
÷ҾǲϷ۳Ȼĺܣ
׿÷΢΢һЦѾ÷峤÷ϾͲҪˡ
ʥĪŲ÷ң
÷Ǻӿ˵ĻҲЩѯʵ
΢΢ҡͷҲλҾλûбҪôοҳֲǽΪ˰ռң
Ϊ˰ռңΤϦףҲЩɡ
һԵ÷ǺҲ㶵ʥϵ˼ǡ
ʵҲ޷֮ǰ̫һʳʱ֪Ϊʲô³۬³׶ҵȳô׿΢΢һЦ
⡭⻹治֪ʵ̫ˡ
÷Ǻ΢΢ҡͷְ汾ɣǶ֪Ϊʲô
οûѯʹףҲֻе֪鵽ôˡ
Щô֪أ
һԵ÷ף֮ѾһƬ֮ɫ
ָ׵֮ǰһֱķзǸ̫һʳ̫ӶֵĴ׵۾
÷ôʥ˵أ÷Ǻӳ
÷һƺʲôֲ峤Դ˵Ŀ
˼ҿɲһﰡͷҸ۳˽ам
÷ңҲֻֿܹҸ۳ͻ
ϾͻʱǸ۳÷ҵˣ
ڣǸӲ۳Ļʳ۾Ҳǲ޵֮鰡
ʥϣˡ
÷̹Ҿ׾Ҫ˵Բ
׵һӣȻǺǣ÷峤Ѿ˹ʶ֪߲
ף˵굽Ϊʲô
ΤϦף֮ҲȼƺЩΪĸȤ
׾Ҳʲô˵飬ʵ֪Ҳ
΢΢һЦģꡭ
˵ͽϳ˲齣˵һ飡
࣡
÷ǺӿףҲĿɿڴ˺һ˴Ĵָʥϣţ
һԵ÷΢΢һЦʥѾǳذ
ԭΪֺϷ۳̫ӣŸ۳̫ӳͻİ˵ôأ
ΤϦƺЩȻΪȡóĺøвôģ
ΤϦĻҲν˵İɣǺǣȻ۳ӣǾûлͷ·ˣ
Ҫһͷ
³۬ͻҲһ˳ķ۳ͷˣ
˳̫ӵֵ֧ĻǴʥϵǻȥһֲ֣ղ˵Ҫ̫ӵһݴ񰡣
÷ǺüЦоԼһǳõϢ
׵ıгĻôȥͰȫ˰
ԭǶΪ׵ıǶ۳أڿ
ˣȻҪȵģ÷ҵײ뻹ǲ룬Լɣ׿÷Ǻӳ
ʥϿС÷ң÷ǺЦŵ÷Ȼ岻ݴǰ壬˵أ
Ȼ
÷˵ҲǹЦݣʵϴ˵ⷬ÷Ѿˣ
̫ӳǽã
гһճΪĵ۳۾ô÷ҾͲڴϷ۳۳ļ֮ˣ
Ȼλ⣬ڽǾԵЩˣһλ治Ҫλʱ峤֮󣬽˵һüɣ
׿÷Ǻ΢΢һЦʵ÷һʽУ
׺ֻǰ÷ǺӵҲЩΣ
ϾѾȻȻͷ˵ãֻܹ϶ѣ
ʣ÷һ˵ҲóϷ




2095¾ˣȦף
 

ǣ
ң
ΪϷ۳֮һЩν죡
һеıʵźܶ಻Ϊ֪Ķ
ҵıϷ۳ү˾֪飡
ʵ̫ӳƲ̫
˴֮УΪ׵İ׼ûվ֮⣬嶼Ѿվˣ
ռΪµļΧˣյļҲһʱ겻ѣ
󲢷ǲҪռңѲɲ֪һĵĺû
ֻʵֶ֧֮󣬲Ŷ֣
ǸʱǣҲû
ȳõϢصǵʱ򣬳Ѿ˶ռҵ
ɸ̾ΪֹȻֻ˵ռħо
ħ
Ӱ飬˵ûκεĿŶȰ
ǰ޴ʯʨֱܲſڣȥޱȣ
ҲʯʨԱߣһ״
ǲһȥͷǳĲͨǸ֮УһӿȥѾһϢˣ
ֽŶǱһĽƳɵţ
ΧģվǱߣǹȥôʱ䣬żߣʱʱĵۼ䣡
ǽĶ棬һŮפֻۣŮӵۿ֮ˮѾǶĿ
˱Ǵķ׺磣
磴˿˻Լĸģܲˣ
չˣֻҪ˻ھͲµġ׵˵վһԣҽ˾֮˵ɡ
ִ֡磬ңҿ
磲һԼˮȻҲǵ
Ȼ˲ѣס
΢΢ͷѾǳճǰ˹ȥ
һĳճķ˹ƺ쵽ЩԾ
һ״󺺿ŭһվסʲôģ
Ĭֻಽĳǰţƺûн˷У

״󺺿ƺǹҵģҲὣ𣬳׵ķֱնɱ

ûκεԥֱӳ׵ķնɱ
ǵصѹƺҪһ㣡
ֻ׻Ὣɻʾڵ˷
һЦֱ̧־ȭ
ģû˿ɱȭһ֮Ѿ¶ֵģ
ԭ׵һ˿ѹѾʧȴѾǱȭ˳ȥ
⣡
ǻ֮䣬͸ŵľһ֮ɫ
룡
׿ˣ˵˵꣬ѾǶһɽ
նɽ
׸ղŹ۲һʣðĺ죬쳣ļ̣
ɵ۳ڼǿߣҪֱӽƿҲЩѶȣ
еǽǰĴڣ
۵
һײ֮Ƿɽһֱӽնϣ
ճԭЩն֮һ˿ľ⣬ԼŮվڶʱѾԵĲ
λɻʾڵĻѾǱȭЩʡˣ
㡭Ǻˣ
ճƺЩָһ㣬׳ʵ
׵˵ˣ
㡭ϽߣȦףճŭһ˴ɲ˵ġ
ԼŮûг棬ҪԼԼŮϽߣ
ȦףȻ֪
׵˵ʵҲ֪Ѿλɻʾ۷ǿѾǶԼ
֪㻹ճоһҪˣ
Цŵİɣ齻Ҿˣ磹߰ɣ磡
ִ硭
׺ԼҲǿ첽˹֮г˵֮ɫ
Ͼҵĵ̣δ׼Ҵɱķĳ
Ļ¾ûôĵˡ
㸸ȻȥɡɷƵ
Ȼˣȥ
ݣ
ҵǰӰѾǽ׺ճḸŮ׵Χסˣ
׿ҵ˰Ȼ峤ѣϣλҪΪѣǶ˺˭¶̫ðɣ
Сӣ㻹ǹ㾿ˣ
Ϊ׵˿ҲЩС˵ƺڵȴʲôһ㣡
ʲôθɣٲÿݹûλ
׵֮͸һӵɱ⣬Ȼˣôˣ
Ȼᣡ
ֻڵȴʲôˣҲûн˷и
˿ֿ̣Ѿվ˲Զ
﹫Ȼүˣµĵӻǹʵİ
ʱһŻ˳ĳΧһɻʾǿ߷׷׶ÿһ·




2096¹ȻȦף
 

Ҹǰ
ܶ˶ÿһ·ɴ˿ɼ˵Ӧòͣ
̧ͷ˿ʵ֮еô
ɻʾ۷壡
ʵΪʲôΧ˶˱ĸоأ
׾ΨһĿԾߵݻǳĸߣҲܳȾ档
Ͼɹ֮УǻҪġ
ʵԽǿԽ޼ɵ֡
ؾʦ˰
λߵһͬɻʾڵǿ߹
Ǹؾʦ΢΢ͷߣ˼꣬ڻǵȵռҵҲûа׷ҵһ򰡣
磹㸸뿪
׿磣һ϶񣬲ȥ磻ǷǳĽš
Ͼͬʱڶǿߣôܹأ
һܹסô˵Ĺ
ûţȻǰλʥϴ˿̿ȥǳš
ٺ٣ǰĻɶԷ˰ţʦռҵ
ؾʦŭһ˿ȴ
ֻǾȴ֮ʣͷƤоһķ飡
׿ؾʦЦһȻ㲻ߣҿ͸һ߰ɡ
䣡
һץ
ֱӽؾʦСһĸץˣ˲䣬ؾʦƺûκεķ֮
֣
ؾʦôҲû뵽һ緢Ҫץסռ
һѾǳΪ˱˵֮
һﵽ˭
ʵȥԼಮ٣û뵽һ֣Ȼܹ˾˵
ͬΪɻʾڵǿߣȻڴ˵һغ϶ûߵˣֱӱס˲ӣ
ȿȿȣ
ϵĿԭ׼ֵһӺ˺ü
ҲǣҲǣ
㡭ôĵӣȻǰؾʦ֣֪ؾʦ˭
ǰһȥͷ֮˵˶ŭһ
ֻЩԥȥҪ֡
ֻ֪ҵʣ˭Ҫǰһұĵ
׿ЩˣĿ֮Ҳ͸һǿҵɱ
ˡ¡
ؾʦ˿֮еľ֮ɫû˿أ˭Ҳóһ֮ˣ
׿ؾʦ΢΢һЦڣǿ뿪𣿡
ɡԡ
ؾʦɫҰףղ˵Ҫʱ˶ˡ
ճ磶û뵽Ȼ˵ı仯Ҳһ
ݣ
ؾʦδ䣡
һâѾǴԶƮȻ

΢˫ۣеնɽѾֱӲȥ
¡¡
âӦҵǰһƬǽ֮ɫ˿һӰѾǳ˵ĸǰ
ţ
һ׵Ҳǳһ˿˿ı仯
ԭΪԼһ϶ܹˣû뵽վȻһסˡ
˿ûκγļ˺֮ɫ
峤ˡ
ԭǸͷ֮һˣҲǳϲɫ
˿ȥؾʦ£ƺ֪Ӧþҵĸ峤
Ҹ峤֮һҲɵ۳ڵǿߣ
˿ؾʦ̵ؾʦ⵽ô£
ؾʦĲһֱţܶ
׿˵һΣ峤ҵѣǽ˭ǿɾͲҪˣ
ٺ٣СӣЩʵҵҲЩʵѣҵǰʴʣҴطˡȰԹԵķؾʦһԸȫʬ
ûн׷УϷ۳ܹü֮ˣ³˵۾֮⣬Ҳֻж̫ӳˡ
ˣҪЩ
׿һЦռұҶ֣
ôҪΪռұ𣿲࿴㣬վڴ˴Ϳûеˣ
ЦҲ˼ɡ
Ҫ֪ԭɵۼǿߣϷ۳Ҳһ
ǰСӣܷɣ
ҵǰ£һﻹǻ˰
ʵϣ
ߵĻЩôܹסأ
ٿףߵ˼
Ҳʲôүұ𣿼ȻһϷ۳ȻҪͳһݴˣ
ѡǾң
峤ҪңҪҾ㣡׵֮͸޾ɱ
ɵ۳ڣȻҪԼҲţ
Цռٳؾʦɱۣ
һ£
֮ѾһƬ֮ɫǸ˼ˣ
ֻǿؾʦ֮г˰֮ɫƺδ
һʱ䣬սһ
˿̣ҵһǵĳǷһ˵ȣվԶۿ




2097´Ӱ
 

ǣǰ
Ѿǰӿҵ춯˺ܶ˵Χۣ
ֻ˶Զûǰ
ЩֻЩƽĿ֣Щȴмռҵ
θһ˭Ȼǰƣ
ǷǱߣΪ֮˶һԵ˳ʵ
⡭ĺܣʵǿһӲˣ
θߵ
ߣұүһֱޱȣ鷳ҲǺ£
ҪҪȥֹһ£Ͼڶ֣ߡ
ǺθһԵҲǹ
ȥͳˣ˵¡ɵۼǿߣҵܹģ˵ˣ鷳ǡٺ١
ƺҲǲмǲôˡ
ʵҲΪ֮һϵзӦ
ǳǷĳͳ죬Ŷ̫ӣǷȻ̫ӵˡ
үˣǰͲҵ˵ùء
ȻˣʵҲǺѴ飡
ɵۼǿߣҪճˣȥȥʲôأ
θͷֻҪǶ֣ʱǾлὫճ峤ȳȥˣϾΥǵĹ涨𣿡
㻹Ͻȥͳ˻㱨бһɵ
θ˳ĳŻʹķ˹ȥֻһԶۿųеƣ
ǰ
һ˰Χ׺ճḸŮ˿˽ǿԿóճĽţ
ȻΪͷףȥȴһƽƺѹҲûн鵱£
Щ֣ʾ֭ʱ򻹻˭Ϊռҳͷ
Ҫ֪ռѾǱʱ䣬ճǰΪɽ𻢡
ҲΪ˸үԿ˿³Σ
ݣ
ֱӳ׵ķնɱȥҪ֪˿̵лؾʦء
ҵƺЩܲˣ
ǽûκεĶЦһؾʦƺע
ؾʦһ׵ĻɫҲѿޱȣ
δ˵ǿ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ЩɻʾǿĽ⼴Ҫ׵һɲǣ׵ȻΪǿĽ
ԭҪ׵Щ⣬ֱӱ

ײ˵Ķը죬ǰľҲһĿɿڴ
ߣ
Цһֱὣ𣬳׵ķһε
磡
Ҫһ㣡
׸ûκεĶƺĽУ
ǼһǲǷ˰ǿɵ۳ڵǿ߰
СҲ̫дˣΪ˭
⼸˸£ҿ߲ư
֮ǰСӽһУȥʵ൱Ĳǲ֪ʲôͷ
ܶ˶һ۷׷ף
УҲ˻ϲǣǵɴ۾ųеף
֮У
һ֮ب׵󣬶˿ҲĨһ˿Ц⡣
һԵֿݿ΢΢һЦսپɣ
ǰˣͫһһĺ󱳼ٵĴ
ԭΪֵֻĻʵӦòô
һֲ̣ô£
˱ŷ֮Լ˿ռϷ磡
ӲͷƤ
Ҳﻢ£ĹѾղȥˣ
䣡
׵ǰԶһҵıը
ţӰͬʱķȥ
ݣ
ΧӿΪģ޴ıը
֮Уͷף
ʽĽֳ˰֮ɫҵǰһ̼Ϊƽأ
һ֮һ㣬Ϊģɢ
ǹεĲԭΧ۵Щˣһŵɢ
̫ǿˣ
⻹û꣬һֿ֮ݸûκεͣЪ
ûüһͿɾ޴ĽƽԼ
һɾ֮УĴ
ǿ˹
ôҲû뵽˾Ȼǿ˵ĵز
ɵۼǿߣ˼л֮󣬾ѾǱ޿ˣ
ֿʲôˣҪڶʱնɱһλɵ۳ڼǿߣ£
ɵ۳ڵǿߣ֮УȻŷһ˿˵
Ӳ
ὣŭֱӳֿݵķŭ˹ȥ
¡¡
ӸоĽһ㣬˿ﻹʲôɵǿߵķ緶
һȻûȴѾˣ
ֻǵ׳ȥ׼˴ʱȴһ㤲ѵʵ
ĸǰеնɽѾǸ߸ߵľٹͷ




2098նɱ
 

ǣǰ
ԭֻǿֵˣһӶˣ
̫ͣ
û뵽ﲻ֪ðˣʵ̫һЩ
Ϸ۳ƵɵۼǿߣܶеĳݶһѾǱ
ڸոգ
Բɱ֮׳ֿݵİΧȦ
û뵽ӭģȻ׵Ĳпɱ¾
նʽʽ
ֻһ
Ҫôּ֣ɱУҪﵽЧ
ȻϷ۳ȻϷ۳һݴʹҿˡ
ǳһɵռҿȻҪҿˣ
ڳô˿ɶأԼģ
Ҫ֪һεݿɲǴ׻ʳĵ۾̫ӳǿǺߣ
Щ֪̫ܲһʳΪ˰󣬲ŵ³۬
ҵô˵棬Լħ֮ˣҪɱ֮죡
Ժǽ˭
ϸ˼֣
֮ǰѾǽһδ֪ΣնѾ뵽ˣôôɵϷ۳ĳɱأ
ȻɱǱܹɹһεĽѣ
ǳʱ˵ĻҲֻܹ˵Լˣ
ֿ˫лѾ˲ˣǴӱϿǱ
׸߾ٹͷնɽѾһƬ֮ɫ
ǿоһΣ
Ȼ䷢Լƺһ㣬һƬռ֮Уٶȱ֮֮ǰҪ˺ܶ࣡
׵֮һ̷˼ǿã
ֻһն
ˮڶ£һкǧ
Ϊģǽǽǰǿзָһ㣡
ճѨѣʵǵ㱳Ŀԣ
˿̣׵֮֮Уﻹаֵĵֿ֮
Ҫ
һ̣ƺҪһ㣬оһͷϢ
ͣ
ӹ壬ܿʧ˾ͷ
һɲǷ
һ
Ȼһ˲䣬ɺܶ˿һ̣Ǿһ㣡
ʱѾǵ󣬶ϵؾʦȴ㶵վǱһ
°ƺѾ쾪ĵˣ
¡
·Ŀһ㣬ֱӵ˵ϣ
ԭŨصϢŵﱻ̴ϵţ

Ѫʵ˵Ķ𣬸оô
Χһ˶ˣɵۼǿԼĸǰʵǸо̫𺳣
Ϸ۳ĳȻ˸ڵ۳ĳɱˣ
ɱҲˣɱĻҵĸ峤
Ϊҵɵ֮һҵʵһӾ͵֮һ
˿Կóǰ⼸ˣǼֱɱ˻һ㰡
֮Ͽν޷죡
Բٵλˣԭȥƽ棬ɱһ㣬룡
⡭ֲ̫˰ɣ峤ǿɵ۳ڵǿ߰
˭˵أҡҼѾܲϢˣĪɵǿ߾Ȼˣ
ˣ²ܰɣأ
ɣ㿴ĵѾǱ˸̴ˣҲû˰
һʱ䣬˼ǵһ
ôҲû뵽־֮£Ȼҵ˵ˣ
ԭֵˣŵöˣ
һԵճ磿ǰľ˼ͬʱʿˮ
⸸ŮˣǴӶԷпһĨŨص֮ɫ
ճᣡ
ôҲû뵽ǰ˲ռҵѾǲԼĽ£
Ҳ̫һЩɣ
ԭΪԼⱲӿ϶ûлῴҸˣɾڽ죬ҵɵ֮һˣ
⡭ֹӣǡ
ճ˵ЩˣʵǲǰһУ
׿ճ峤ҲռҵİŮأڱݳΪħˣ˻ɱģҲǴԱѣ뵣ġ˵ȥܹվסš
ռҵŮճῴ磣гɻ֮ɫ
ɫһңǡǼܲ
ܲճ磾Ȼö֮ˡ
׿ճ峤ɵĻԺ˵ɣ֪峤ɻڣ
״һֱѺҵΣֹӣҡճ˿̲Լĸס
ʵϣ֮ǰ뵽Լһ컹ܹ˾ȳأ
ɱһҲɱɱҲɱȻһԾ׳ˣ
׿ճᣬ¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫһԵճῴҲ֨ˣ




2099𾪵ĳͳ
 

һɱ֮ռ䣡
׵ɨΧ֮ˣЩһŵú䣡
·ֻҪһ֨ͻᱻɱڴһ㣡
ؾʦϵԼĭһ̣ĺˡ
ǲϴСȶӾͿԿó˿̵Ľ֮飡
Զ
ǷŴ˴ΣĿɿڴ
θȥгͳͳ˻ûйأѾǳô飡
ȥֹ
һɻʾڵˣʲôȥֹ
ѲɾԼǳǷһ
˼ҼȻҴǵɷȻͲὫǷа
ֻǺܿ죬ǺθһѾǳ֮С
ˣ˶һ
״˿̣ƺҲǸܵǳͳĵͷῴһ֮ȻѾǽһεķߣ
ͳˡ
վԶϾ̫ĻʵԵóǷһЩ
ֻ׵˵ĸ֪ǳǿһ˻ĺѿǷ
ͳԭԼĸۡһЩ˺θ˵ҵǰ£ҪճʱҲǸоЩΣ
ϻǰԲһ˰
ͳ֣ûκεԥ֮ɫֱӷɱ
Ҫ˭ҵĸǰ£ĵ˲õ˵Ļͳ췴һЩ
ɣףǡǵµļһǡ
ͳովʶӹһƬʱ˶ˣ
ΪҵǰȻǵһʱ̽ˡ
ⲻ֪һȴһ
Ϊµʵ̫Ϥˣ
˾
ֻѾǸܲǼһϢˣѲһˣ
׼㱨ʱ򣬳ͳһεĿǱߣ˶Щ
ףȻף
Դһθ۳Կ֮׵˱ʧˣ
һĻͳ컹Ǽ£
һʧʮʱ䰡ڼ䣬ȥ۳̽׵䣡
ȴûκεϢóоһʧ
׵ʧ۳йϵֻѾǱ۳Ĩɱˡ
ʮʱȥˣ
󶼿ȴ˻ôһ˵ĴڣͳҲǿ׵׳ɶˡ
̫һʳ緢ףһεĳˡ
ͳܲأ
ųͳͳˣ⡭ǰնɱҵĸ峤
Ϊ£ͳʵ
⡭һ̫⼸ͻȻ֣׼ռҵճᡣǺүǸʦסˣȻӦǾֻû뵽󡭡
ڻһ±ƣʵЩⳡеʲôˣ
ΪǷˣô飬ʱ϶Ȼ󲨵ģ
һԵĺθܹһʲôˣ
𾪵ģҲһĺЦ
ʵղԼҲθö٣
ˣɣͳ쿴ԶףҲ΢΢һЦ
ͳˣִĻʱǳǷ»ᱻүǱ߸
ųͳҲǱʾԼĵǣ
ͳЦһұǿ˳һ۰򣿸ǶʲôΣ
ͳ쿴ףһӾ뵽˵Ǹ첻µزµļһ
ʵղѾǿ׳Լķһۣ˵Ҳ֪Լĵ
˼ѹûйעԼߣ˵ʲô
˵ʱԼ̫Ĺϸ𣬿ʥҪ̫ӵһݴ񰡣
ʮδֱǺ
ֻǳͳЩ㵵ǣ֮ǰһɵۼǿߵʱ򻹲ΡΡ
һεɵۼǿߵʱ־ȻѾǷǳˣ
ܹնɱ
óͳҲǳԾѣҲҪնɱ֮Ϊλȥ
ڳͳ˵֮ʣ
ҵǰƺ˶ವӰһӷ˳ٶҲһۻң
ͳЦһһӿкϷ˰ءϲҲ˰
ͳˣۡǲǳֹһ°һε
λɵۼǿһεĶֵĻǿ¶Ҫˣ
ţǰµǼѣҵڳҲ١
ͳȻԼķִģͻȻ֣֮ôһ̫ܲӵأ
Ȼ׿ȥ³çĺܣͳ֪˾Բûаյ飡
۳ǿҲǽжȵ֣
˿̣ͳ컹ϣܹԼһ漣ң̫ӵ֪˵ĻҪЦˣ
ͳĿ⿴ԶѾʱֵĴˣ
ײĵߣ




2100ɵۻս
 

ǰ
һ֮峤ôҲû뵽ᷢչز
ʵϸղ׵ǰµʱѾ֪ˣ
һֱ̨֣
ԼɳģΪľǽռҵ
һԼүĸǰҲܹˣ
һλɵۼǿߣѰ˼ôҲܹˡ
涯ֵʱڸԼĶ̸Ц
׵˶ֵһ̣֪ɵۼΪԼܴɱķأ
û뵽˵Ĳۣ
Լܲ˵Ľ£Լһ涼ûм
ܡ
棬һʬʧʹޣ
ɵ䣡
ɽǾǷǳĺģ
ɾڽ죬һĻȴǣԼĵϡ
˻Լܣ
һ張ӲסĲţֱĿ׵ˣһɱѾϯռ䣡
˭ɱܣ
張Χ¶轵һĨϢ˸оһĿֲ
ɱΣ
׿弣Ǹֳһ˿΢Ц
張ĿĶףеķɽѾǷһĶ֮
ƺһ̣ɽҪһ㣡
סˣһԵ峤رԼܵʬ壬վ
磬ۡô죿
ҲǣҲǣ
弲ǲΪԼܱ𣬿Ҳǻ
Ϊɵ۳ڵǿߣʵԼһ޶
ȻԼĴʵǿһЩɻɵ۳ڵĲΣ
⼸˸ҵնɱԼܣб
ش˿ѾЩɥʧǣһ張ɱ
磬Щ·ҿүɣ
ص֮Ĩһ˿ԥ֮ɫƺԼʵѾЩˡ
ȻϿһŭݣ
ŭ˿Ҳֻѣ
˵ˣɱĽԼܵʬһԣҪܵ棬ЩΪᣡ
顢ֿݣЦһ
ֿݳڣ
һ׵ĻΧ˽ǵһ
⵽˭ţһЩҲЩˡ
ԭΪҵ峤غ͸峤弳֮ƻת
û뵽˳ˣǰƺҲǸ壡
䣡
˵־ͳ֣
û˿ԥѾǶˣ
ֱֿӳصĸǰһȭһԵס׼æ弣
ɵǿ֮ĽΧ˴񫣡
ɫ䣡

ռ֮УǿǲӿֳĽƺһĪľ֮ɫ
ɵһŭѪɺӣ
⼸ɵ۵Ļս˸оһĨ־壡
̫ǿˣ
˸Ĵ𰸣ʱ֮е⽣Ӱ
Ĵɵۼǿһһֱǻս
ң㣡
ʱƣҵƺЩ֧ĸо
ֿһʱỹκβأһƵɵǿߣս֮ḻҲǿɼһߣ
ǱߵһЩʵҪֿһ
ɱۣ
غ˴˿˫ɺ죬Ǻ޲ֱӽ˶˲źã
ԽǵԽ
Ϊ˿ûиоԼܹռκεϷ磬ΪҪǣһأ
׿ųеΣҲĨһ˿мЦݣ
ս
׵ѡҲҪƽһȶأ
־ɱУ
֪ʱ˵Ϊģ
ĵʱǸʲôү˵ĻµʱҲ
ݲճľ϶ⲻ˵ģ
ˣ
׵󣬾޴ĽӰһεĸ˳һĨ˵ѹӹ˵ĸǰ
֮
һ֮Ѿ˵ĸǰ
֮ĳ֣ԭƾеĳѾǱˣֿݺ˿ԽԽ˳ˡ
غȴоԼжٻ
ǾǺ֮䣡
ʤƽҲĺһϵĿʼбˣ
ݣ
ǵһεĳ֣һĽΧ˵Ŀ⣡
ͳȭͷҲǽס֪˽ĻᣬԺͺڶҶˣ
һΣϣܹɹ
޵ĽΪģǵֱӳ張ĸǰ񱼶ȥ
鿴׵ĽҲ¶һ˿ȻЦݣ
¡
張ը죬Ľķһ㣬ϵĽɱ張壡
״˿̣ǰѰսĶһ㣡
ֻһ֣˶Ƕһ£
ղһĻĿ
˿̣˵Ŀⶼ֮УƺڵȴһĽ




2101ۣ
 

¡
張Ҷһ㣬˵֮ϣ
Ϣʧ˵ʶ֮У֮ǰһ޶
һλɵ䣡
˿̣˼Щľˣôˣʲôʱ򿴵һ֮λɵǿߵأ
ܡ
ش˿ڸֿݴսԵĸоԼЩģ
׼һεĸֿݴսٻغϵʱȴԼĶҲȥ
ûκεףһ·ֱĨɱϣ
ܡܣֱ䣡
ң˷ֱһ̣
ֿݿطҲ¶һ˿Ц⣬һԼɾ͹ֲˣ
ݣ
ƿնֱӷֳص֮նȥ
˿ֿ̣ԼȴĹâһͬʧصĸǰ
һ룬Ѿǳصĸǰ
ΪɵڵǿߣսǱ֮ػҪḻ١
ΪҪǣӵű֮ظΪǿʶ
˵ز׽Ĺȴܹ֪صһһ
ټ׵֮򣬼ֱ
صѾǳ׵ıȺλɵۼǿ䣬һֵܣ
Ǹصͷһ
ڸо綼ˣԭǿҿ˵һϦ֮Ҫڸ״̬
Ϊҵ·ˣѾǲظˣ
¡
ֿݵ׵ķصȥ·Լеķɽȴֱ㶵ĳصĵȥ
ƣ
ֿݴһһ
ԭһ˿ҲǱֿȥǷɽֱû뵽ص֮У漴͸ĵ
صĵ֮йƤһ㣬ɢ
ֿݺԥصʱķɽԥֱӽسĨɱ
һ˿궼ûзŹ˵ֵҲκηĻˣ
ɵսѾûκεĻˣ
׷Խ򵥣Խ£
ÿһÿһʽƼ򵥣ȴ
򵥵һУǵУŵĶ
Ϊʲô׵նʽƼ򵥣ȴ˵İԵ
ʵĹʵǻΪȴ
ճḸŮˣ˿̾ǿʲô˼һ㣬þûлع
Ǹղ׵նɱʱѾ𾪲ѵĻǿѾľˣ
Ƕ֪ӦôԼˣ
̫ǿˣ
ռҵĻ·ַӾ˸ذ

ճһĺǷɬѣһԵԭҪ˵Щʲôվû˵ó
׿ճ²˳٣Ͻȥ峤ɡ
áõģֹӣ
ճ˿̿ף˵Щˣ
˭ճḸŮֱץһ֮ˣȻѯҵεķ
ܿ죬˵ӰûҸ֮ۡУ֮Ҳǿɼһߣ
޴ıʣ˵νİ˴ڶѾǳ׵Ĳˣ
ֻһ۵׳٣˵ǵ߸֮˵
ৣ
еĿⶼǽĶߣֻʱû˸ǰ
һ֮䣬Ҹ
Ϸ۳Ըӵģ
ڶǿǰһĻķȴûκεĶΪ֪ҵĸ𣬿϶Ǹ
ϾҿϷ۳үˣǴү
Ϸ۳˭˲֪үǸ̫۾֮λ֮ˣ
һǴ֮λûôأ
˽Ϊ׺ܿ뿪ߣϾۣԺ䶯Ϸ۳ˡ
ڶû֪˭
ףʵ֮٣磿Ҳֻгͳܹʶˣ
ԶͳҲĿɿڴĿһУ
ͳ컹ãͺθ˳׵ɵˣ
ֱۣǲ
ͳˣҡҵӦǺðǱү֪¡ŵЩµ˵
ͳʲôϷ⣬ܽ˲ɣ
ͳˣǡӦôðЩǵ˵
ãǿ̫ӵµĹͣ˭Ҵãҵð̫ӵµĹ̫ͣӵµĹħˣҲǻã̫ͨӵ£
ͳЦһҲ΢˫ۿԶףѿһ˿Цݣ
ȻҲǾѣɱۣǶڳ˵ϵ¸ڱ
ʲôͳʶǡ
ͺθ˵ĪԭΪһﲻ֪Ǵðġ
û뵽⾹Ȼ̫ӵµˣƺһӾͨ˺ܶ飬ͳЩ̬ȡ
ֻǣ겻֮ʣԶһӰ
ǿϢҵϿգ·һֻӬҲһ㡭




2102ү
 

λɵۼǿߣ
׵˵Χ˿֮еĺȻ֮ɫҲԱ
дǵϣ
ģκ˶û뵽
ǵɵۼǿ߸ϵƺҲ޲ˣ
λɵǿ߸ոոϵһܾͷѪŵҲͣҵſڣ
ǺѪΧǿҲǷңȫŽɫףȥޱȣ
ƺԶһ㣬һֻѥҲ¶˳
һλüӴŭ
ȹӭү
Ϊ׵ǼɵҲǹ˵Եʮֵĳϻ̳Ͽ֣
˲ǱˣϷ۳ʵȨ֮һү
ɨһȦΧƺЩ
ȳ棬ȴҲܹסȥϲ
ĿһΧˣ
үϤ𣡡
Ϊ׵λɵۼǿߣųƺûôĻš
ϾΪɵۼǿߣȳǸеġ
ؾʦ
˿һЩɪɪؾʦü
ؾʦų֮Ҳͨһүҡ
ߣѾؾʦǱ˵˰ɣ
ĿⲢδؾʦɨһȦ׵ˣв֪Щʲô
ؾʦųķ˹ү⡭ɱۣҪ
ŶǺǣҵҪ˭Ϸ۳Ա
ƵĿ˿ףȻ֪һﵽ˭
δ̫ŭȳǸ׿ҲʵЩ
һˣͶҪˣ
׿ų΢΢һЦүƺЩᡭ
᣿»ƲĸϽϷ۳ɹس²һҪ߰ɣ
ףϾȻû˿ŭ˶Ŀɿڴ
׿ųүô˵ҵЩˣҲ׾˵ħ֮ˣҪɱңѲֻݹٷŻ𣬲ҵȷˣ
ռħڹᣬȾռǱħȾɱô
ףһ˿ŭ
Цһү˵ħȾҾħȾˣοү˵ռħȾ֤أ
ĻǾ֤ݣ
һԭıʧȡ֮һŭݣ
˵ħڹᣬеΣЦ
ߣΪܵ𣿡
Ц˼ƺı֮֮ǰҪ˺ܶ࣡
ΪʲôҪܣռңΪռҵŮȻҪΪռָˣүκң
׵дϣ֪ʱϵԽԽܱͻ
ͳԱߣϴһ˿Ľ֮ɫ˵ڵȴʲôˣ
Լ͸˳ôһݴǲΧĻô˿϶ǿסġ
ϴһ˿֮ɫ֮ܿˣûһܹ̫š

һˣ˷һλɵۼǿߣΧˮйͨ
ǳľսˣү
ԣһ־ǾλɵۼǿߣʵЩ˲Ƕǵõ˳֪ͨǾű֮ģ
ĺȻһˣ
׻һķƵԶĳͳ΢΢һЦͳ죬ϷӦҲ˰ɣ
ʥ϶겻ɰ
ͳɫֳһ֮ɫʵڵȴ̫ӵµĵ
ʱԼˣڲĻԵþЩˡ
˼һ־һݺôԼҲܹ˼Ҹܵаɣ
ƽ㣡
һͳĵ¶ŭݣ
үҲǸոոϵû뵽һӾ̫ӵĹͣǸʲô
ƽһȻĿų֪һĻܹһļԻء
̫ӵĹͣߣƽ㻹Ǻôĵӣ
ųƽЦһʵ
̫ӳˣôԤıġ
ֻǳղ˳ͳ˵˴ʥĸֵʱкȻһˣ
ʮǰ̫һʳõһ屦齣
һ죬̫һʳһ£ǾһԳԶ۳Ļʳ۾̫³۬۳ة³׷˾ҵĳͻ
˵ͻʼĩΪ׻ʳĵ۾õ˲齣£
ҲΪ飬൯˳ֻǵľѾʧ֮꣬ˡ
û뵽һεĳˣϷ۳˵Ķ
ڳʳƽʱһڸֳ򼲳۶
ǵĸ֣ƺһȫҵǰ
ɽ¥




2103³ɱ
 

̫ӵµ
Զһɤ͸ռ䣬δѾƮȻ
˵ĿⶼԶ֮ϣһĳȵĸо
̫үλ֮Ѿң
Ȼ̫Ѿöλأ
ûĵǻ¹˭ֻδ֪
ֻұȻǻһϵеķӦֻû뵽֮˾Ȼ̫ӵµĹͣ
Ѳɴͷβ̫ӵһģ
ĻԭܶͲͨ飬ƺһӾͻȻˣ
ĿĶԶԭҪԼĿǰеնɱǰ˵ġ
ˣɱң
ǽǿһնˣһƽƺһбˡ
ⲢǳҪĽҪ
ֻû뵽ʱȻˣ˾Ȼйϵ
Ĩһ˿ЦҲ֪ȻˣҪѾЩˣ
Ŀ⽥䣡
ҲǽһԵվڳߵһź£ͷɫҵӾһĳǰ
ʦô
Χ֮ڣ˸ҿΨʦƺ£
ʦһЦȻĿ⣬ȴܹܵһ˿䣡
ʦүǴ̫ӵµˣǽ¾Ͳ̫ðˡ
Ҫǽİ취
ƺԸһ֮˵룬Щͷ˵
ʦһЦ취ֻе۾ܹˣ
˵ҸʣʵԲЩˣҴڻǶ̫ӣֹƫ
ƫǿ϶ģӳƽӾͿԿóԣүҪ׵Ľ飬Ҫ£
ʦʼǿһ㣬ʵұ𣬳ʵѾˡ
֮ǰռҵ飬ʦӦûǰɣ
үԲӣռȻ𣬿ɺﻹڣճᶼš»ҲΪռпܹħڣǿү̫ӵᴢλķϣһֻ۱ֻۣҡ
ʦųĻȻû˵꣬үǻӦ֪ˡ
Ȼ
֮˼ҶˣҵɵϤʵϷ۳ʵҸʲ̵ǰɣ
үȻһۿҲͲ˵ʲôˡ
ʦ˵һ˿ɭĸоŶ˲̫
֮Ľȴû˵ע⣡
˿̣̫ӳл׵˵ķ˹
θȥʱ򣬳Щ̫ţ
ʥϣǲ
һ׵Ϣ𼱻ǵľͳ˹
һ·ϣźθĻ㱨󾪵ĺϲ£죬˯ͷ
û뵽ԼѣһȻԼһ˵ĺ
ʵЩľ
ֻҲǸƽͬɻ⼸һô͵Ļֺ֮ǰ³׵ôǱأ
֪θǾԲƭԼģ
ԣ˾ͳҵķ˹
һ㿴׺վ˳ԱߣҲһȻ˵ʥϣþò
̫ӵ¶ղǷɰҲǹֵ
ų̫ӵ£ɷնɱϷ۳س֪õﰡ
Ŷ£
󵭵Ŀһ۳ƺûнУ̬óҲһŭݣ
ղƽͳ˵̫ӵµĹͣ
ܣȻͳ˵ˣǻм𣿴ʥҳѣһʲô𣿡
󲻱ϲĿųʵ
Ȼûʣ̫ӵ²˰ɣ⼸˱
ԭʵҪȴѹ׵һȻЩշġ
ҲΪʲô֮ǰһֱ׶û̫දŭԭ
ҵλɵѾˣ
˿ǱҵλʵҪǿܶ࣬ǵõ˵ķֵĻʵȻǲ
ôҲû뵽˾ȻԼͷģ
˳
ô򵥵ĵܹ֪أ
ڳֻһ뷨Ǿǳ׵Ūˡ
ҲֻŪˣͳ֮ĲŲôĴ
һ˹˳̫ӣȴʧȥңʱʲôȥأ
֮ǿһ
ʧˣ³ԼܹԤˣ
ųǿ̬ȣҲ֣Ժ֮ڷٵתš




2104ԽԽ
 

ǰ
˾ۼΧΪ۳֮ˣȻǹעԺ۳
Ϸ۳Ǳǳͳ˭ܹΪһϷ۳ĵ۾
ЩνʵϾΪ˭ܹǶλ
Ȼɹϵ֮УɱҪһ֡
ҪȻϷ۳ڶ֮ս֮ˣ
ӦòϷ۳ĵ۾ɽϣһĻκ鶼Ҫиȡ
漰̫Ӻүģ
ֻĿǰұǿ¾һе׻ʲôӦҲĿԴ
ܣ黹ûе
ʵ黹ûȫĸɱң˵һĺϢ
֪ȷǴϷ۳ɷ
ԼòĻǿ»˿࣡
ⲻǳϣģֻܹ־ˣ
Ȼᣡ
ųĻ̴ϵ̫ӵһϷ۳δĵ۾ѡòҵ۳ɷ𣿡
ү黹ûи¶ۣ²һүӦе̬Ȱɣ
ųĻҲŭһ
ѾˣЩնɱҵ۳سǴۿʵѲ̫ӵ»ܹڵ˵ǰ׵Ĳɣ
˵棬ǳ
һĸоֻϧܶ˶֪鲢
ҲЩŭˣЦһȻүִΪˣǱҲûа취Ϊһжᣡ
̫ӵ£ѣ첻˵ĻǿɾҪݹˣϷ۳ϳ峤ظҵʦ֮һ̫ӵ²ȥ֣ˣ
ƣκδϢĻᣡ
ֻ׻ô
ų΢΢һЦ̫ӵֺһ֮أΪˣӦзȨİɣ
ʥϵȷзȨµΣʥϵ˵
׵Ҳһ
һһֱһЩý
ųףŭһ̫ӵ²۳֮һɣ
󵨣Ϊүڮ̫ӵ£Ҫ췴𣿡
ƽһĻҲŭһ
ΪǷͳ죬ƽҲΪĺˡ
ǱƴʲôʵϾƣе
ƽ˵ķ㲻һѣ
ƽκεӣųƽЦ
üͷ𣬲ֹ˳ƽôʥȽ˵˵顭
˵ʲôЦ
Ҳŭ˵ôķҲҪ˼һ粵Ļİɣο鵽ʲô֪ء
㡭
бһ֪Ƕ֣ԲԹۣ
֪ԼĵһƻѾʧˣ
׳ųķ˹ųҸյǣֻǿһ֮Ѷѣû뵽ͱ˵ħ֮ˣȻҪɱҵȡҵȻһЩ֮ĻѾ촦ˣ
ǿʶ׵ĻЦһռұħȾǿоռҵճᣬ峤дҿħ֮ˣ
˭˵ռҵħȾģ׿ųҿЩԼİɣ֤أ
үռҵ黹ڵ֮У黹ûжأһ
Ѿǲ©̫ӵΪƫƫҪأ
Ц
ͬЦΪʲôҪѲԼû𣿡
ʲôڿ˸ռȾǱħȾһնɱϷ۳λس˲Ϸ۳ڣ
ϾǾסײţ
׿ųҲԱѣѾ˵ĺˡүĪΪҶɵһֵϷ۳ĵ۾Ǳأ
ʥϡ
һ׵ĻҲЩп಻
ֵԼĸǱߣ
Լʵ̬Ȼʣʱȥ˸ǱߵĻ˾Ͳˣ
ο֪ԼĸʵϲϲԼģ
ĻϷ۳ôж֮أ
Լĸ˵ķݳԲܳռĲҾ磡
ãȻҪֵҸǱߣǱ㣬Ǳ߱Ѿͨźܿͻнģ
ƺѾһ㣬Цһ
һĻҲ΢΢鴤һ£û뵽ܾȻдˣ
˿̣һ̫εҲǳȺ֮˹Χ֮˶ÿһ·




2105½ʥ
 

빫
ͳˣҲǹ
빫Ȼһ㣬ͷȴС
Ϊ̫Ӻү˶ԴҲǷǳ𾴣
Ϊ빫ǿԼߵˣǸΪε֮һ
빫ųͳ¶һ˿΢ЦжʥּۼҴ˴ǰΪʥϴʥּۼҾͲˡ
۾
ͳ˼ͬʱ¹
빫˵̫ӵ¡ү֪֮̽ʥɣ
̣
΢΢̧ͷŷ빫ɫҲЩѿ
빫̫ӵ²Ҫּɣ
빫ӣҲǿһţһߵ̫̫࣬ӾȻ̬ȣ
˵˽۾ϲõģ
Ǹ̫ӣϷ۳ĵλء
Ȼ
빫ոնԳһһ֮ЦŶԳүϽİɣɱñµżˡ
л빫
빫̬ȸӵı΢һЩǷ빫ǳ⣡
ʵϣɽ̫ಢ˸֮ˣ
ǲһֶеطӡԼĳЩϲöѣ
ǵ۾ҪǳΪˣֻҪӡɡ
ֻһ˵ָʼ΢΢ģ
빫˵߰ɣ
û뵽龹Ȼ˱£ʥϿ»˰
ǰϷ۳ɱˣɱسѰ
һүʧȥԼı۰򣬲»пø
Ϸ۳Ҫ˰
ԭַǷǰ˿Ҳ۷׷ף
Ƕǿó빫̬ȣʵ빫̬Щʱܹ˵۾̬ȣ
οΪһүȻҸ̫ӵᴢλⱾǲѰģ
ֻҪѾǲˣ
˺棬ֻǰ棡
Ǹʦʱʱĳ濴ţǵѾ¶һ˿̵Ц⣡
۾룬ǿ϶ǳεķչˡ
ֻǵܹչʲôӣÿ۾о
֪ҪһεĻҲԼĸʶӡһ
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ɫÿһԵĳƽų̫ӵ£ټ¡
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׿ų̫ӵ£ôʧʲô
Ҹϲŭ޳һնɱλɵۣǾǶϷ۳ưҿһΡ
֮Ҳǳ˵֮ɫ
׵νʼˮڣЩ鲻㵣ǾͲᷢġ˵ˣҪնɱǰֻѣռҵ飬Ѳλ۳ĵ۾ͲҪ𣿡
ռҵ飬һֱûġȴҲøʵϲһҵõ˲齣Ҳ
ЩʧĸоԼŬһûеõر
˼ѴȣΪһ۳ĵ۾ӦҲһ˰ɣǳΪĻϷ۳Ҳͷˣ
ײΣϷ۳ȥĻʱҲ䲻ʲô³
۳Ϸ۳ڧǲø۳Ļ
ɽֲɵӣ֪ܲеĵ
Ȼ֪Ϊʲôɽӻζ֮ⱳӦһЩصģ
Щȥˣ˦˦ͷ֮֮Ҳȥôˡ
ʱԼĸҪնɱ׵Ļô϶ǲͬġ
׿ųЦŵ˵ȥһ˶ѣԺлĻڸ̫ӵ
ãҪһ㣬ҸǱǧҪס
֪׵Ը׵ǸԼĸʷͻĻǵʱǲŪˡ
һԼĴλѱ׵ҲҪڴˣ
ⲻǳϣĽȴ鷢ĿԽԽ
ˣ
Ҫף̫嶯ܹȻҪˡ
Ȼ֪־ͲҪˣֻҪҵĵߣȻʲôģϾǽϷ۳ѵġ
ҲݸһЦʵ̫ŵһԭ֮
Ϸ۳ĵ۾Ȼ£˵ʵҪҲǲܣ
ɽͱ˵ĻΪʲôҪأ
ĬҲǳŻʹķͦ




2106³ۣɽӣ
 

Ϸ۳ʹ
ʵĽ˸оһС׿ȹҲΪ𺳣
ǵ۳ʹȻƷǷ
׻ʳĻʹȻȥҲư磬ɸȹȣЩμˣ
޴Ĺ󣬰ʹ
˸оһβƵϢ棡
׿ŵ۳Ļʹ˿̵Ҳӿֳ˺ɣ
һĿ꣡
Ҫ۳ԿǱҪԼһоʹӴ׻ʳʼ
һ죬̫幬һεİǰʱǱĺ۳սʱˣ
Լģ֪ҪԵǿɽΪεĳ֣
Ȼ֮ǰѾԹһˣ
ƷѹȺ𺳣£
ɽӾԲܱƷҪǿһЩҲ˵ء
֮֮
ʹ֮ŵλ֣׵һķƵ
һԽŲѵĳȣ׵ȷ˴֮硣
ÿһ
׶оһ޾ѹѹԼͷӦǶλ۾ģ
̫ӵ¡ү׻ʳ
֮ǰ빫ȵֻ˿̵̬ȱðޱȣϾľϷ۳ĵ۾ɽӣ
ȽʱҲǷŵ̬
ĸ˳׵λһг˹ȥ
ƽ⣬֮Ҳ͸һӵĽ֮⣡
Ѿкüʮ궼ûˣԴӼʮǰɽͻȻչ֮󣬺ڼ
֮ҲǴǸʱĿʼģ
˵⼸ʮʱ䣬Ϸ۳һֱһ״̬֮УȻ˶֪λڻʹ֮У
񣬳ɽǳˣѡұ
һƺѾǴλңżټ˽ġ
ƽ֮ڣҲ粻
һ̫ӵ³飬ǿ϶Ǹŵùġ
˵ģүҲŹЩ֧̫ӵµˡ

ЩʱôĲпᣬһŲ̽䣡
ֻĳƽҲ֪ѾԼУһֻܹˣ
Ϸ۳Ļʹ
׵˽ʱŶο˹ȥֻƺһˣ
һԵ鿴˿ף֮ĹͨҲǷ֮У
ʦ磬Ǽһεĺ棡
ʶǱһҪǿ̫ˣɽҲܹᲢۣ
׵ʶȶԾҪ˺ܶ࣬Ȼ֧ţʶҲ൱һɵ۳ڵĲΣ
ǳɽӲҪ֪ԼĴڣ׻ûУ
׳ͷҲǳǸ˹ȥ
μʣ
ͳƺѾϤĽ࣬ǶǰҲǹ
ߣǸ۳ة³׶ֵף
֮һϵ˳׶Լû˿ľأɽӷǳ
⣡
һȽĲѾǴ˵Ķ!
εԱߣһӰĸ˵ĸǰ
ۼʹٶ
ɽӣϷ۳۾һ¶®ɽĿ
׻̧ͷ΢˫ۿųɽЦһ׻ʳ׼ۣ
֪
ɽ磬һһƺ͸һɵ֮
ǽ֣ȴܹ˸ܵѹ
ֻ׿ɲǱŻģͳڳɽӵĸǰСӥһ㣡
ȴܹ磬ͳһܹóɽӶ׹Ŀ࿴ˡ
׵˵ǳʦģ˵ۿҲİɣ
һ۳֮ˣȴϷ۳˷ˣƾһǱ
ɽ˿Ѷã׵֮͸һӵľ⣡
ʵ鷢֮ǰɽӵȷŭ
ֻȴһζ
ȴΪһʳĵ۾նɱɵۼǿߣκһܹ̾Ϊֹ
ʳ۾ǿɲӵɻʾʵͿԳΪ۾ģ
Ҫٴ˵Ŭܹɾһɹģ
ɽɻʾ֮ڶܹ࣬Ϊһܹ֮ʹôͬΪɻʾǿ֮ˣȴ
ףһ使޵ѣ
һҪڶʱڴﵽ˵ĵزǲܵ飡
ųɽӵӣ׳ֺأ³Ѿ˾˰ɣ
֪ɽͻȻټԼ˹ӦѾ¶ĳ־ģ
ɽӳ֮£˭˭ĺܣ
ռأЦһͬΪϷ۳˴壬ռҵƺ۲ûκε˵ɣ
ռңռкθɣϷ۳Ƕܹ֮أ
ɽӵ˵һɲŭ֮һԵĳнпࡣ
վǸԼĸʸ˰




2107VSɽ
 

۳У
ɽӸ߸ϣ
ǵ֮ϣЩη
׿ųɽӣҲ˵Ϸ۳ҿɲͣռҵȴйأӦռҵŮɡ
ţռҵŮ
ɽԭΪҪ˵ʲôû뵽һﾹȻռһйϵ
ĵͷ
׵Ļ̵ุʣƱ䣬ŻϷ۳ҿǶ۳ɳļϸ
㣬ռҵ鵽ô£
ɽӿųһεĽĿת˳
ʣռħȾϷ۳Ѿãԡ
Ǵûֱ˵Լûйϵĳˡ
֣ռҶϷ۳Ĺ̫ʧˣ
ɽȻ㲻ȴ֪£
ɫҰףԼĸףҲŵֱӹ
֪
ųɽӣҲڵأ˿ûκεĽƱ磬һⷽ浹һѺ֣
ҲòһԴµİ
ǳ󣬿ͽˣ
ֲóһﲻ̫ܴӦþԸأԭ
ɽӿһ۳˵ˣռҵûܺáңȻҪġ
˵꣬ɽӵĿ֮дһɵɱ⿴ף
һԼĸҪ֣ҲǸϽʣ⿪
ߣΪ̫ӣô𣿴ϵǳҲ֪Ϊ̫ӣԹΪأԵ۳ĽɽΪء
ɽӿųĨһ˿ɫ
æ֮£Ҳ֮˶ȣʥֻΪԱѡοûдʥϣ֮ǰ̫һʳҲܵõ齣׸ʡ
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ǡ
Щˣ̫
Լĸ׵ʲôƢӵĻܹ˽

ĸóһѪһôһ䣬ǻϽ
ˣˣ°ɣ
ɽûֱӶ׶֣˼ѾǺˡ
ԼĿѾˣĿɾͲˡ
ųɽ̵븸ʣɶԴˣ
׼࣡
ɽ˵̬ȲҪնɱ׵ˣһˮ˳ͷϣ
ôδĸʣô飬û˿ԱĻᣡ
׵Ҳᵹù֪Ϊ˰Լôġ
ô֪һأ
Ҫ֪Ļûз飬ҲԸ׾ôˡ
ֻѾûκεĻˣ
Գ棡
ԼʵԸ̫ˣҪλõĵ۳۾ջسֱǲܣ
Ĩһ˿⣬ӷ빫֮ǰ̬ȣʵ֪Լ׵̬ȣ
ֻû뵽Լĸ׾Ȼôֱӣһ̫ĽֱͣӴ
ϣĽҲʵֵĽ
׾ôųɽӣȻǸ߸ϵĵ۳۾ôأ
ЦһƱ۰ĽͶҪɱôֻ㵽ʱڣ
ڣ޴ֵ֪ôд
ɽҲŭһһȻʱ򻹸˵вԼֱ
֪˭
һﵱԼ濪ˣɽôܹʧԼأ
ϣ۲Ҫڰɣ
׵˵˿̳˿ףһһ˿ҺµӰ
ҲֵĺܣѰ֮˱Լĸŵùˡ
Ǹûһ㣬вԼĸף
ʵЩһˣ
һ󵨷࣬ȻҶײҸʣҿϧš
ڣ
ԭյ֮УȻλɵ۾ڵǿߣ
ϳȥն
һ˿ǳţɱʵԼͷ֮ޣ
һﵽʲôأ
ʵϣԭɽӾѵ׼ֻǵ˺ȴһЩԾĵط
ɽӵıʵЩ֣Ȼεĺܺã
ĸܵˣ
˵ĲᣬȻĿǰ֪λ۳۾ΪʲôͻȻˣ
ѾǿԶ϶˿϶ˡ
ɽӵľأ˵Ƿϵһ룡
Ȼ֮Ŀǰδ𣬿ҪҪͨ
𣬵ж뵤֮ϵ




2108ǿиɵĳɽ
 

׵ĵڴˣ
ղӵϢʱҲΪ𾪣
Ϸ۳ɵۣȻʧȥս
˸о𾪲ѣȻʶû˿ģ˸
أ
ʶѾﵽɵ۶εļһɲһܹŪĹȥģ
˵κ鶼Ӳ׵۾ˣ
ֲɽӲԶ֣˵ԶֲܹȺۣ
ûУó˶֣
ǿնɱλɵۼǿߣɽӾͲ۽
ѡó֣֤жȫȷģ
ɽӣˣ
λɵڵĳǿߣȻˣ
˿̵Ӧֻһǿи֮˰ɣ֮ǰˣʶŻˣʵȴôˣ

ųĻΧǼλɵ۳ڵǿߺȻӦǣ
Цһۣ㵱Ҫô
ʣǶ۳֮ˣҵôˣʱô򶫷۳
ҲЩͶҽ˵
ߣҪ򶫷۳𣿡ɽŭһ
֣ȰˣȻѾ¶ģǿɾ͹ֲˣ
Цһδ֣һԵѾǶˣ
ǳܹ䲻֮ˣ¾ҪĪˡ
ǳɽʶǿ˹޷жϳټ͸ӱһԵˡ
ݣ
һӰʧ׵ĸǰһץֱǽɽǿץס
Ŀɿڴ
һ̶סˣ
Ҳôҷɣ
һľȻȥƵ۾ǿɵڵĳǿ߰
˾ôĿ飬ʵʱֹĻô˳
˶ΪԳɽӵʵԻɱķ
Ǿ͵һ̣鱻Լҵĵ۾׺ɱĳء
һĻȴӵ˸оɽӾȻ֮ϣȭͷϮ˿
ֻ鲢δ˺ɽӣɱ˳ɽӵĻǿľ߲ȥˣ
ʹ֮еһʱƿӵʮλɵ۳ڵǿߣ
Щǳս¶׵˺һˣ
ڣҲǱСȲѣ
ǳɽ뿪ĻǽҪԵĿ¾һпĿսˣ
Զ
ɽӵɴ۾һץɫֳһĲ԰ף
ԼҲû뵽첻µز°
ֻǳɽԼпԣˣƺأ
ʵϵ½񼴱ɻʾ֮ˣҲܹвԼİȫˡ
ҪôȥĻ֪浽׻Ǹʲôأ
أ
ֱӴ˳ɽӵļ֮ϣųɽ΢΢һЦۣǿԺúõ̸һ̸𣿡
ôĵӣ
ɽӵɫ䣬һɱǺ޼ɣ
һ׼ֵЩɵǿ߶֪Ϊʲôɽûг֣
ҲǺɵĿǰһУƺһкǲܵһ㣡
ͷǵĸǰҲѾǳΪ˿ˡ
ֻеȴųɽӵľˣ
׿ųɽ΢΢һЦۣɷ񵥶˵䣬Ƚס
õɫҸҳɽô˵ˣ㻹ǵһͳ仰޸һᣬ˶£
ɽҲп˵˿ԼѾǱ˿ˡ
Ϊ۾ôܹױ¶Լ˵أ
˵ô֪ģ
ɽӵҲɻԴԣȻɻ󣬿ȴòô
ʣǡ
ųɽӵӣҲǳ׵ˡ
Ȼ
ⶼѾҪ׼ˣΪǸҶԸʳ֣Ȼˣ
Ѳ⣡
˵Ļһ㶼ٰ
ǰһ̻ɱϵĸʣһ̾Ȼ֮
ɲǺ°
ɳô죿ѲҪԼĸʲɣ
һԵĳų̵ʵĻûҵ£
ʣǧ˵Ĺǡ
ˣҪǵ̸̸ʱ̸ʲôôγɵľ¾ҪˮƯ˰
ĵĿ¾ҪˣϾԼĸɿˣ
ǲϣˣΪˣƾͳ׵ıˣԼڸпҲˣ
ɽӿų޵Ļû𣿻ӲˣҲ޵ˣ
ң£
һԼĸô˵ŵøϽ׼ˡ
ҪԼĸôԼĻ̸ʲôᴢ֮λ
Լʰʰܹˣ
ˣˣһɵۼǿԼҲˣ
֮Ҳʣ˳ɽӺ׵ĸ˶ѣ
һʱ䣬˳Ĭ֮С




2109¾ĳ
 

۳֮У
Щƺ˭ҲԸһ̵
ѾǴӳɽӵǿųɽӣҲֿһĨȣ
ò˵Լǲ
һǿߣȻˣǧ鰡
˻Ϸ۳ĵ۾ɵ۷εǿߣǿǺһ˰
ɽӵʵƺҪȿ¸һЩ
ʥϣο˵ģ
ɽ֪Լ˵ѾǲסˣֻҪ֪ô֪ģ
ƺԼûκε
׿ųɽ΢΢һЦȻҵİ취
˿̵ĳɽӣѾû֮ǰְȡ֮һأ
˵Լڱ˵Уζ൱Ĳˬ
ǲˬô
ղüɵۼǿ߻Լĸǰڶ˾γ˽ɱľˡ
ֻ̫ˣΪûܹóĶߣ
ƫƫôɵͱԼˣʵҪ֪⵽ôһ£
ɽӿײԸ˵֪˺ܲ򵥣
֮ǰɽһ۳ӲӲʱ;ôЩڲͬ
һϷ۳ɵۣѾǴŭԼ
ɵս
ǿϷ۳ĵսԴһǾһûа취ȥֲġ
ɽôɵǿߣϷ۳ʮλɵǿߣһ
ɽӵôܹܵأ
֮ǰռȻưܣɳջҲ˵ûн
ҲΪʲôɽûжԳκδһԭ
Լзִ磬ɳͲһˣɽ׵ϵУ
ټһɵۣɽֱӶԳʾʧ֮飡
һ̫ӣԼĺսȻ˷ѣδĵ۾
ɽӴ˿ɫƽȮۣɱޣΪܹųȥ𣿡
ۻܹҰοҪȥĻֻҪһͿˣΪҵȳȥϷ۳ûĹǣܿͻᱻʳɣ
ЦһʱɽӾȻвԼ
һʻĲһĺð
ɽһ㶣漴ȻʧЦǶֵһ̣Ѿ·˰޵Сˣû뵽ⶫ۳
ޣҪ㶯ֵĻҲڵȵڣȻ֮ǰһҪɱңȴҪΪУԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬһǶģ
ײԳɽӶ֣ҲԼĿǵġ
ɽʲôݣµĻʱ۳ֱӶˡ
۳ӦûûжԴ׻ʳ֣˼ɣ˵Լļƻ
Ϸ۳ĵ۾Լնɱ۳ͻɽţֱƿ۳˴ٽ׻ʳˡ
ΪһϿ¾ʧˣ
ױã׻ʳأԼЩأ
֪ʱϷ۳֣ԿĻԼ
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Ȼ㲻Ҷ֣Ҫõʲô
ɽ֪λʥϺȡõƣô׵ľͷġ
ȡ֮֮
ȻҲųɽ΢΢һЦʵղѾ˵ˣ֮һס
ףʲôףɽӿ׳ʵ
ЦŵȻǽףȻ˫Ӯˣ֪Ϊˣ
⡭ƺӦùĵɣ
ɽüͷף֪׺«浽ʲôҩ
ҲµòĻӦǱ˰ɣӦûؾ綾ҩɽ⣬ɶԣ
׿ųɽӣֻǽԼ˵һ䣡
ɽ˵һ飬ĳɽѾǾ㵵Ӷˡ
ŭһ㡭㵽˭ôҵô˽⣬ĪҲǴǸطģ
ǸطǺǣ˵ҵˣ֪˵Ǹطĸطأ
׿ųɽ΢΢һЦȷ鰡
ʹӳɽӵ沿ղ˵Ǹط⼸ֵʱ򣬱֮оȻһ˿Ŀ־֮ɫ
ܹһλɵڵǿ־ĵططӦþԲʲô֮
㲻Ǹطˣ˵ĲҵȷǱˣо綾
ɽӴ˿һȻǳԼƣ
ۣղ˵Ǹطʲôط׿ųɽӳʵ




2110ƣ
 

׵Ժ֮зٵţ
ȥóһۣ
ʥɽ
ط֪ʲôط֮ǰĿҲǱʥɽ֮ˣܹóɽӿ־ĵطҲˡ
ɽӵĿ֮͸һɵĵĮҪ˵˭
˰Ҳûп˵ʲôˣ
ɽʥϣȰ㻹ǲҪˣ˵˵Ľװɣ
ʵۼǲ˵Ҳµ˼֣Ҳ²ĲĻӦʥɽ֮Ϊɣ
׵˵ĵȴöĳɽЩˣ
ô֪
ɽӾ㵵Ŀף֪һΪʲô֪ôĶ
Լƣȷʥɽ֮ˡ
ɽ磬֪ʥɽڵ˼֮٣ɵۼǿߣҪ֪ʥɽĴҲǺѵġ
ﵽɵ۷ĲΣĲ֪ʥɽĴڣ
һᵽʥɽɽûĶһ£
ǵطֲ֮ɼһˣ
ʼ˵ҵҵĲ²ûˡʥɽˣܹסѾΪˣ
ĺҪ֪ʥϵʲôͷɻʾ۷壬Ȼܹ֪ʥɽĴڣ
ɽӿףƺҪ׿һ㣡
װڰֵżȻ֪ѣˣȻʥɽоˣ
׵һĽԼʶ̽鵽˳ɽӵ֮У
һĨҲ΢΢ü
Ȼ
Ҳ˵˳ɽӵˣѾһ˿
ɽ磬֮⣬˭ܹأ
ɵ۾ڣ
Ҳֻε˻ܹıˣɽӵ˻Ǻţ
ֲɽϵľþò޸ԭ
ʱ򣬾һǽҪƿȥƾܣ
൱ֻһͨͨſڹһţôܹȥأ
ԭѾж𣬳ʱûнų⣬Ǿ˺ã
ɽӾ;ߣ
ԴʲôҽûҡҡͷʾΣ
ʵԼɵڵǿߣԼûа취飬м˸˵Լа취أ
ΣԾѾûˡ
ˣ뵽˴λȻ⼸Ķûһﵽɵ۾
ûа취һһӱλɵۣɽӿ϶ǲֵġ
ʥϣ㻹û˵ǵĽ׵ʲôأ
ɽӿףһεʵ
΢΢һЦ˵ҿԶԳ۵ֵΣ
˵ʲôҵƣ
ɽһĿףⲻܣ
Բܣ
ԼԼ˽̫ˣԼڶ֪ԼΪʲô֮һЧûУ
Լƺ˲Լľ֮У
ɽΪʲôո鶯ֵʱûз
ΪڵԼڵʲôȥԿ
ǰһȻ˵ܹԼƣôأ
һԡ
׿ųɽӣʱȻ̸ʱ򣬼Ȼнİ취Ϊʲôúõһأ
ʥа취ܹκ޵ƣֻҪʥҪĶȻģ
ɽӿ׵Ҳһ
һΪĹ죬ҲЩ˽ġ
һа취ĻǶ˵һ°
ϾλĻǶڵ۳Ľɽȹ̾õġ
ܹ֧Ÿϰʱ䣬һԼأ
ʱ¾Ϸ۳´ҵʱˣ
۳ܲ
ãȻ˵ĻұΪƣƺ̸ɣ
׵˵ųɽӣҲ΢΢һ
ˣǱʹʥˣ
ɽһϵĿף֮ҲһĲ
˿̵ĳɽԭھ֮Уϣˣôܹϧأ
ɽӾô㶵Ŀףɻ
ƺԼʱȨǾԼ
һ￴ƴ֣ʵǳľ
ʵ벻ͨΪʲôԸԼƣ̸أ
ʵϣ׵Ȼ̸֪϶ƺ֮Ҫ̸ܶ࣬Ϸ۳ͼıʲô
ֻҪһʱѣһϢĻᣡ
ǳɽһ㶼ĻҪʲôأ
֪˽ģɽȵͳ۾һܹв˵ģ
ЩʱƳԿʵϻȡȴġ
οԼûк




2111Ƴɹ
 

Ϸ۳ʹ
ɽӵΪϬĿףʱҲһ˿Ĳ
ǰһܹԼ˲а
ǲţǲţ
ΪŵУҲǿһ˿˿ϣ
Ȼδĳ̶ȣȴѾǲˣ
֪Լʱ޶࣬ʱ򵫷һϣҲᵱǾһ㡣
ǰһƺԼҲǲԼеĲġ
ۣϥſ񣡡
׿ųɽӣ
ɽһҪնɱԼʵ̫ײˡ
Ψһܹģѡǰˣ
ݣ
һɫâ׵ѾǶһö룡
ܿ죬öѾ˳׵˳ɽӵͷ֮ϣûУ

׵һԭڳɽڵһ˿͸ö뱻գ
ʱһһĹȥ
ɽԸоԼǲ֪ڻʧ
ͷһϲʥϹȻЩŹְ
ΪɵڼǿߣԼڵÿһ˿仯ܹ֪
ųɽڵ𽥵ʧԼĿԵԼڵˡ
Ȼֻܹȴ֮ǰһ˿Ҫöˡ
٣ܹԼ𽥵Ļָ
ԼĪʱȥ
׵ĶͷҲһ˿˿ϸûʲô
ڵȴС
ΪɽڵĶ쳣ǿİѾʴˡ
΢΢üͣסˣ
ʦ磬ôˣ
鿴ףɽӵ˶һ˵ֱ졣
ɶӵ˵ԵþͲôˣ
Ϊɽ֮мܹ֮ˣĿ
׺ĽɽȻǲ֪ġ
飬ɽڵĶֺΨһİ취ͨһϴӣýЩع˵
ţ취ӦÿУһԣһɽΪɵ۷ǿߣҲò
Ǻǣһ뵽ˣ׿飬Ҳ¶һ˿Цݡ
ٺһЦʦȻǵˣҲͷˣ
ܿ죬ƺЩȻһ㣬һ˳һε̽뵽˳ɽӵ֮У
ֻһΣõΪ˽Щظһεİ
ɽӲ𽥵ķſԼ壡
ԭһ˿Ҳˣ˿ҲǴķſ״̬
ɽҲûз֣ڵһξѪʱȻסˣ
Ѫһɽ֮ΪҪĶ֮һ˵Ҫ뵤൱
ֱӰľʵ
ѪأֱӰľȫ
ҪƱ˵ľѪڷſ״̬£Ҳӣ
һ˲飬óɽҲû̫Ĳ
Ϊ׿Ǽֱ֮࣬лһ˿˺ѱ
ɽȻΪɵۼǿߣһ֪
ο׵ӣΪԼڵһ˿֪ѣ
ʱһζ
ɽӸоԼڵڲϵĻָҲĿʼָˡ
ȻоԼƺδص۷״̬
Ǿ׵֮Լٻָ˰˾ųˡ
ڹһʱ䣬Լһ£ǸʱԼʵӦþȫĻָˡ
׿ȥЩѵĸоƲ̫Ѷȣ
ֻЩķԼ
һֵõģϾһ۳ѣڵ˵Ƿǳõġ
ǰ۳ʱһκε飬Ϸ۳ٿ赲ס۳㲻ǣ
ˬ
ɽӽԼȭͷоһεĻָһĸо
׿ųɽӣҲ¶һ˿΢ЦۣҲ
ʥҵĸǰɽӿЦ˼û뵽ȻΪԼľˡ
׿ųɽʼֻ˵۵˺ܺã𣿡
仰޵ǰ֪ʥϵʲô취ɽӿɻʵ
ºѽͣ׿ųɽЦŵȻ˵
ɽ΢΢ͷȻʥϲ˵ȻҲɰʵףڣʥϿ˵˵֮Ľ˰ɣֻҪеĶ֮ǰ̫һʳĲ齣Ҳġ
ҲҪ
׿ųɽӣҲ΢΢ҡͷ
ڶ˵壡
ɽɫ΢΢һ䣬¶һ˿Цʥϲǰװ׾ްɣ˵ɣҪʲô




2112·ȷ黹
 

ţ
˿̵ĳɽϳţ
ԭѾԼδûκεģ
һҪλԼĶӣȻ֪Ϸ۳ǻԵĴ
ڣҲû뷨ˣ
һλֵ긻ǿɵڵǿߣпͻɵۺڵǿߣô׵ԼȨأ
οô֮Լӻдߣ
Ϸ۳ڽǣǱ
ƺ˳ɽӵһ̣˳˼ȵţ
ڵ˵ҲǱ֮֮ǰҪ̫ĵˡ
׿ųɽ΢΢һЦۣӦ֪Ҫʲô
ȻޣЩ޻ǲܹӦ㡣齣޵ļޡ
ɽû˿˲ڵһεĻָ֮ǰְ
Ȼ֪Ҫʲô

Ȼᣡ
ҪĻϷ۳İһϷ۳Ȼľͻ۳γɶţ
ɽӲɵԼ֮ǰӦ
ѾκԼȫûӦ飡
׿ųɽӵ۵Ѳɽֵһ齣Ļ۵Ҳֵ̫Ǯˣ
ߣʥĪΪޣͿΪΪˣ
ɽӵʶ˲䳯׵ķѹ˹Ѿ˼֡
ĳɽӻҪ˵ɫ𣿵Ȼᣡ
ʱȻҪЮԼҲЦ
׿ųɽ΢΢һ̾ǲӦұûκεҪˣʹ˱ɣ
˵꣬״˾׼ȥ
ʵʱɽ˺ֻҪɽӱΪѳɽӣ
ɽһ㶣׳ʥ齣Ҫˣ޲ϲǷ˵飡
Ѿ˵ˣҪֻһǾϷ۳ͬˣȻ۲ԸҵΪ飬һۣ
Ҳǰ֮ˣҪһЩʵֶвɽӣ
ɽӿЦ˼ʥ޵ľˣ˵޲ӦЩ飬Ϸ۳۳Ķ֡޶ȻܴӦģ齣Ҳ¡
ݣ
ڳɽ˵֮ʣһɫâҫ
Ǳ齣ƫеľͲ׵ĸǰ˸Ű˵Ĺԡ
׿ųɽ΢΢ҡͷֺαҪǿأǺǣ֮ǰʳһ⡭
ʰɣ
ɽӿף˵֮һĨֵɱ鲶׽ˡ
һȻɱģ
ҲüͷɥĲ񰡣
ԼʦһһȻɱģֱǶ𱨵ĵ䷶
׿ųɽӵʮǰ̫ɽһλ֮ˣ֪ûӡˣ
֮壿ʲôɽɫ΢΢һʵ
ֻϣܹشҵ⣡׳
ߣ޲شأɽЦһѲɴʥϻҪɱ޲ɣ
Ҫ׿ųɽӼ
ɽӹһЦʥƺԼݣҪΪޣ޾ͻ˳
֮ģĪ⣡
ɽλô꣬ôΪõ˱˵ĺôͶԱ˰˳أ
Ȼ۲Ը˵ұİ취ɣ
֮֮˵ʲôϵ
ɽӿ׵ʵƺʼ𽥵ռȨ
ϵǳ
˵Ҳֻô࣬ڵɽ˺
ɽҪ֪ǵʲôϵǴʥϲ˵Ļ½߲ˣ
ɽӵ֮Уų֮⣡
֮ǰֱˣ
׿ųɽӵҿǳ۵ľˣĪҪ𱨣ҪǴȥĻԺɽҲǺɣ
ʥô˵ң˵ˣһ˻Բ׷նɱϷ۳λɵ۵飬һִⲻ˵ǿɾͱ޷ˡ
˵ͷ
ɽӵķƺûκεףЦ
ɽӣ㻹Ҫ𣿡һŭһ
һԵֿҲ΢΢һ̾Ҵδ˺޳֮˰
ɽЦһǶܹвģղвޣ˻ûиءû뵽ǾȻ֮йǽҲ߲ˣ
ۣҲԸ㷭ң
׿ųɽӣҲǳһ˿˿ĺ˪
ɽΪԼûа취ˣ
ûѣҲ᲻ֵģϾɽʵǱԼҪǿ
Ƿǵʱֻڱ֮У
ֻҲû뵽ɽӷٶȱȷ黹Ҫ죬ƺȻͷˣ
ΣղΪޣΪޣ
ɽӿЦֹڵһοףоһЩɵĿɰ
Ȼ֮ǰҪɽҲȻܴӦǵġ




2113׵ĺ
 

֮ϣ
׵ɫ൱ѿʵղѾǾ쵽˳ɽ̬ı仯
ֻû뵽һ𱨵ٶȾȻ֮죡
Ȼģױ㲻ڿˣ
֮ǰֻ֮֮ǿ˳ɽλǿߵϣ˵ǿ˳ϣ
ֻɽӻǸҪ
һʼǽʱѾǶɱģ
û뵽֮Ȼ˿ΪôĲ鰡
ȻΣֻǳҾȵģ
׵˵̬Ҳǻָ˿ŭ֮ɫ
ɽӿ׵ӵ޸һλᣬ֮֮˵ʲôϵ
ҵӣ
׿ųɽ¶һ˿ЦݣֻЦݵıȴ޾ķŭ
ӣ⡭ôܣ֮壬㾹ȻҪ
ɽĲţȴһ˿֮ɫ
׿ųɽӵ֪ȥʲôطһֱûϢ
֪ƾ㻹֪
ɽӿף¶һ˿ЦĹʵ׵ˡ
ȻֶЩĪ⣬Լأ
ۣ̫ʧˣ
΢΢ҡͷʵǲֵҲ⣬Ϊһ۾пеҲԼѣ
ԼüֵûˣȻڴӦһЩˡ
ɽһ䣬ʵ޵Ĳ鵽ΪʲôԭʲôֶΣ˵
ǺǣɽӣǴնɱ˰
״ӳɽӵ̬֮УѾȷĸоһ˿˿Ĳͬ
һѾǶɱˣ֪˵ȥûκεˡ
٣˵û˵ǿܣȻ֪ܣǵʱȥǶ޵棿οǸ֮йأ޾͸ӲܷŹˣ޲ɱǡ
ɽӿףҲǺٺһЦ
ɱǣ׵Ҳˣ֪ɽ«ʲôҩ
֪һԲôĵģ
ǲɱǣҲĿģ
Ȼ
ɽƺоԼѾǳ׵ƿ˽࣬ЦһȻǽǽʥɽˣһҲøʥɽĹϵ޸һ£
ʥɽʲô˼
׿ųɽӣ֪Ϊʲôɽӻô˵
ɽ׵˵㲻֪־ܣҲʡ޶ˡִԲĻɱûǣ
־ܣǲɵȱ
һû˵˵棬Ҳֻֿˣ
Ͼֻֿݲ֪ڳɽӵ֮жֽţһҪһս
ȴûôĹ˼ˣ֪Լ˸ɽѾûκ̸еıҪˣ
ߣƿСȻޣ
ɽŭһ˱ŭ
ռ֮Уһ޵ĴѾǳķץ˹
ɵڵǿߣһֹȻƷǷ
໣
ڳɽӵּҪһ˲䣬ıһӱЩŤ
˺ѷεʹóɽ˲
ô£
ɽӵӿֳһĨ־֮ɫɫЩʹĿףѾһƬĻ֮ɫ
ΣǴδйİ
׿ųɽЦһҲûиᣬֻϧ㲻ϧΪҾͲѪ
Ѫ
һռ֮жʱ˺ܶĽɫģ
Щڿռ֮γһķ羰ߣֱӽ׺ͳɽ˰סˣ
ײҪͨѪķʽƳɽӣ
ΪĻɽӵδ˵Щãˣ
ǿѪŪþͻóɽ߻ħ
׹˲ôˣɽȱСˣֺأ
οѪ˵ֱᳵ·
Ȼˣһжǹ鹦֮ǰڳɽµһĨľѪ
ݣ
ǿȡѪ
һѪɫľѪ֮Уɽ˿ˣ
ԼľѪȻһʵԼ˸ǿеȡˣ
ۣ
ɽӿһѪʱڵϣ
֮г˺Ȼ֮ɫšޡ
ˣԹϣܵʲô˺ҪǿжϣҿԸ㣬ԻԪˣĿܣ
ײΣȷˣ
ɽĿɿڴĿǰһУԼһλɵڵǿߣȻ˸ǿѪ
˼ˣ
ֻ׵Ķȴû˿ͣƲϵı仯ţһɫķĲϵĽųɽӵ֮С




2114ţ
 

ռ֮У
һϹӵĽɫľǱָжӵʿһ㣬ĳųɽӵ壡
ֿ
ɽӵ֮гһ˿˿ĵֿ
ΪɵڵǿߣǿѪôֿܲأ
ȴɽƺѾܵ˸ղԼ˵Ӱ졣
ǵֿȴҲþȫ
ʹ಻
˿̵ĳɽӶͷ¶˱Եø
ʹǳģѪͬһԼȴҲʹ࣡
һ̿ʼˣ
ײϵıԼƣĶͷҲ˶ĺ飡
ǸղԼָһʱ䣬ڵҲЩ֧Ųס
ǳɽҪƿԼѪ֮ϵǸûκεĿԡ
ʲôûиأ
ܹƽĻҲ֮ǰʵ½Ǹӣ
Σ
ԼľѪϵıӿֳһ˿˿ľı飡
׻˶
Ȼûԣ
Ѿ˽˳ɽӣ֪˾ɽһ㣬־
ԲٸɽӵڶηڵĻᣡ
ֻһΣǸԼˣ׾Բô
ǸղԸ׵ȥʱǰȫġ
һжǳɽԼѡû뵽֮оȻĺ֣
ڣ
Ѿˣ
һԵֿݿ⾰ҲǾ㵵ʵ飬⡭ʲô
΢΢һЦղʦƵʱ򣬾ͿסľѪֻʦ粻ַʽȡϷ۳Ľ˶ѣֻϧһﲻ֪ô
ƾѪ
ֿҲƣɵڵ˱˿ƾѪ֪ܲ
ʦľѪͺѷڼһ֮ԭͲãӲܷˡ
һЦΪ׾ͿҪɹˣ
ѪǳɽϵĻӦѾǳɹˡ
ֻɽвʣڲŻһ򣬿ɽҲǶһѣ
ֿݻȻ˵ֲʥôԭ˰
İɣֿݣһĸҾܾĻΪʧֱӱܹʦĻʱܹʵһ
⻰˵ֿģֱΪɽġ
Ȼ
ĻԭҪֿĳɽӣƺһӾйƤһ㣡
ϳΪ
һɶܹܵİ
ɽΪɵۼǿߣ˶زģ
һʧȥΪҪΣգֲɵôܸȥνĵֿأ
ˣ
һɫķԭڹһ㣡
Ȼ֮䣬ǳžǱһĽɫӿ˳ɽӵڣ
ȫ
˿̵ĳɽӵȫķ֮ǰĵֿϳֳһĨȻ֮ɫ
¡
ǵѪ׵ľѪϣռ֮бŷһı֮
ܿ죬һĨѪѾںһ𣬽˳ɽӵڣ
ɽӴ˿ܹоóԼ·һ˿Īϵ

׳ĺһɫԵøӵĲ԰ޱȣ
ŵҩֱ׵ĿУ˿ֿݿףǷ׵ɫȻѿޱȣȴһ˿Цݣ
Ϸ۳ĵ۾ȻΪ׵ˣⲻò˵һλԵɺϣ
ǳɽûˣûиɽƣû
̫̫ԼɽҪһ壡
ɽӣһ̣ĳΪˣ
Էӵ֣
ʦ磬û°ɣ
鿴ףҲǸϽǰеʵ
׿飬Ҳ΢΢һЦУǸоЩѶѣɵڵǿ߹Ȼһ㰡֮֮ǰҪķѺܶ񡣡
ʦ粻ǳɹٺһЦ
׵ͷҲΪ֮ǰֿݵľ飬ûгʱҲҲɽӾ͸
ɽӴ˿һƣƺ׸᲻κεĲ
ѪãôܶԼ˲أ
ɽӣݼˣ
ɽӿףҲǹ̬ȸ֮ǰѾûκεˡ
׿ųɽӵӣҲǳ۰ۣ˵ǺοأǸղҵȥҲмķ㣬
ˣ޻˵ֻܹԼ̫˰ɡ
ɽоͲ𣿿ˣѾûκεĻͷ·ˡ
˵ʵûҪֶвȳɽӣ
ɽӻϣִⲻϵĻҪܾˡ
Ͼɱ˳ɽӣʱܹӵóϷ۳Ļʹ
ųɽģӿֳһĨϲɫȻ뿴ģȴﵽĿģ
ƳɽӣԶ˻ҪɿĶ࣡
׿ųɽӵˣڿԻشһЩ˰ɣ
ҲеҪ֪Ϫںδ




2115°Ϫ
 

ˣʣ
ɽȻƣѾǩѪ
ֻһ·ˣ
֮Ѿûʲô֮˳ƺΪΨһĳ·
׿ŹĳɽӵˣǰҪģôô͵ǺĹϵɣ
⡭
ɽЩԥףڱ˵УָоʵЩ⡣
֪ĺ¶׸Լơ
ȻԼָĲˣȴҲˣ
װڰֵôˡ㣬Ϫ鵽ô£
ϪĸϪ
ɽ̧ͷ֮гɻ֮ɫ
Ȼ֪֮Ĵڣ֮˭ʲôһŲ֪
¶һ˿Цݵҵ㻹֪֣̫ɽֵλ֮Ĺ
ԭϪһǲ̫˿̲̫ɽ
ɽӿ׳
̫ɽ˼ڻû𣿡
׵гȵĸоֻҪûվϣĲ
ӦûСɽü
ʲôӦã̫ɽʧ٣ŵʱǷ̫ɽӦǶֵİɣô˵Ӧأ
׿ųɽӣҲЩУһ˵ôģɣ⵽ô£
ɽ̾һ֮ɽ֮һһӦ֪ɣúˣһɱòãǱǻֵ֮ʱҲǵһʱ˹ȥֻǡ
ֻʲô
׿ųɽµӣҲǳʵ
ɽӿ׵ֻȥʱѾһ
ţһѲɻˣ
ЩɣϷ۳ĵ۾ǰȻ˵һ
ųɽӣҲ֪ɽӾԲܸԼѵġ
ϾֻҪɽһȫ̶֪
ɽһ֮ǰǲ²ҵ𣿲ʥɽ֮ˡұ˵ĵط̫ɽ
ʥɽˣô£
׵񽥽䣬ֲɽ´˷
֪ʵٻ٣ǻǣʥɽƺӵĹһЩ
һԵֿʥɽ⼸ֵʱҲðһŭ
ΪҲǱʥɽˣ
һ̣ƺɽЩϧĸоˡ
ͬΪɵڵǿߣͬǱʥɽ˸ŪĲ˲⻹ͬ
ɽӿ׵˵۳ĵ۾³죬Ӧ˽ɣ
ָ۳³ʲôϵ
׳׵Щˣ鿴Ƽ򵥣ʵѾǸӵһĳ̶ȣ
Ҳû뵽³Ȼйϵ
һӣעȫǼе˳ɽˡ
֪ղΪʲôӦ𣿡ɽӿ׳
Ϊ³죿׳ʵ
۳ҰĲһҪ̲½Ĵ۳һͳ۳֮Ѿˣ
ɽӿ̾һһƺ˻ϻӡ
ȻǶ֪ΪʲôԸ³أЩƵʵ
۳ֻҪЭĻôܲ۳Ķأ
Ҫ˵ԭ򣬵̫ɽԭѾҵ˰ϪλãȽһƬ˵ǺɵۺͱɵͬʱҪϪߣҵȻǴˡ
ɽӿʼĽ£
գ³ͱɵһͬǰɽΪ֮ȻϷ۳ǱϷ۳飡
ԣɽӵԿ³ˣ
ϾǱ³֮ĻʱһӣϷ۳¶ܡ
Ǻ³˲δ֣ǵȴһλǿߣ
˱ʥɽɽֻԥһ㱻ʥɽ˸ˡ
ڰϪҲĿλʥɽ˴ˣ
׾ôųɽӵĻֻѾ˪
ʦ磬û뵽ʥɽҲͽˣǻôӳ鰡
ֿһҲǵͷʥɽԵޱȣҪ֮Կ¡
Ȼֻ֪³ôʥɽǣһ𣿡üʵ
ɽ̾һ֮ǰԸ˺ԭ³ıʥɽ˳Ȼʥɽ˲飬ȴɵۡ
ʥɽһһὫ̤ƽ
׿ųɽӣҲŭһֲһֱ̽ϪϢ
ԭ鱳ǣˣȻɽ֮жĴڣ
ֻǴ߰ϪΪأ




2116ĳ
 

ȴþòƽˮʯ
Լƺ˸ĵˣʥɽڴ˵֮еһǸˮ棡
ҪȳϪǱҪɱʥɽ
Լʦĳ𶼻ûȥôܹɱʥɽأ
ʥɽ֮ϵĴڣ֮Ĵ۳ΪĿֲ
ױԽԽ֮ˣ
ˣʥɽĿֲǿɲһܹİ
ɽӿ׺ӣһƺҲЩȾˡ
Ǹ֮ˣ֮ƺøӵıء
׺׳־Ҳһ
һԵʲôʥɽץɩӣǾǵĵˡҪԲȥ
⡭ֻһ˶ѡ
ɽҲЩƣҷ飬Ͼ֮ĹϵûôǢ
һԵֿݵҵǾóɽ˵ĶԣҲǱʥɽ֮ˣҲ˹
Ҳʥɽ˹
ɽЩɵĿֿݣ֮ƺЩţ
Ͼʥɽһºɽ֮˷ͻǰ֮˵ɵۼǿߣƺʥɽҲ̫ϰ
Ҳʲôʵ飬Ϊƭ㲻ɣֿҲƵ˵
ɽεҡҡͷֻǸоЩͬʥɽ֮˳֡
ܹΪʲôͲأֻұȳ΢һЩҲһ𣡡
ֿ̾һʵ˵ɽӱԼ΢һЩ
٣һٵôص֣ȴûκε顣
ֿݣʣһ˿л꣡
Ҫǡ׵ĻⱲӶûзϣˡ
׿ųɽӵֿݾǵɽĿ£
ʲôǿ£⡭⡭
ɽӿſ£˶סˣ
ʵϿ»һĳǿߣȻ˵ġ
û뵽켫һʱɵڵĳǿߣھȻݳԼĸǰ
һʱ䣬ǾԼѪûôˣ
ֿݿųɽ̾һ²ˣҾֿݣڿѾʥɽ֮˵һɢˣ
ֿǰ⡭ʥɽô£
ɽӴ˿̶ڿҲмӣͬĸоһЩ
Ǻ󱲣ڵʵѾ֮£ԺǾֵưɣҵ飬Ժл㽲ɡֿݿųɽ΢΢һЦ
ִ!
ɽӹֵΪһ۾Ҳ죡
ֿӣƺԼҲûôң
һԵҲǵͷɽӣʦ죬Ժ͵ְɣΪˣҸ㣬׬Ҳ˵أ
ǡ
ɽϸоһΣԼ׬ˣⲻô
Ϊūͣ˵ʲôأɵڵǿߣһƺɵ۶ûдﵽˣԼ׬ˣ
ֿݿųɽӵӣҲЦŵ˵ûʵһʼҸһҲеִϾΪɵǿߣΪ˱˵ˣҲȥ
ֿݴԼǣֻǡ
ɽԭид׼ͣ뵽׻ԱߣҲһ!
Ϸ۳һ۾׵ˣ˶ѣ
Լǰ˵Ļⲻ
׿ųɽӵӣҲݸһЦʲô˵ʲôԺǶֵƾˡ
˳ɽӣҲľͽ˵ˣ
ֻԳɽӣһı϶ѣ
ףƵ
ҪΪ֧ţҲǲѶΪ֮İ취
ȻˣһлΪɽԼЩˣ
ֿݿųɽӵһʼЩнҲģԺͻ֪ײһеˡ
ִ磬㡭ȻףɽҲһ
˵֮ǰֱڳɽ˵Ǻ顣
񲻱ȴǰ˰
ֿ㣬Ҳǿһ£
֮ȴ˼ѹҲûа£
׿ųɽЦŵҲôң˵ʵ˵ĽţҷЩ̫Ӧ
ɽӿףҲ֪⵽ĻǼٵˣ
ɿֿݵҲЦеӣûƭԼıҪźף
۵СĺܡˣȻϪѾ֪ˣҲûض۳ˣ
׿ųɽӣҲЦŵ
һϷ۳֮УջķᣬֻЩźûܹذϪ
һҲ֪˰Ϫ䣡
ʥɽƮĵطվȥģ
ɽ׵ĻҲѯʵǡأ
ۻϷ۳ˣҵϣܹͻƣҵľ͸һЩˣ׿ųɽ΢΢һЦ
ɽӿ׵Ҿ
ۣռӦø˵˰ɣ
׿ųɽӣȻһˣռҵȻ˳һˣ




2117֮
 

Ϸ۳ʹ
̶̵ļʱ䣬ѾǷ췭ظı仯
û֪ĳɽѾ׵ˣ֪Ļ°ͶҪˣ
飬ԽԽã
ؼʱ̣ô׵ʹһأ
˵ΪؼľǷչԼʵģֻܹʱ˵ˣ
ͳվ֮Ѿܳʱˣ
һֱǻ಻ΪλѾˮݵĵزˡ
ʱ䣬֮ѾǾۼ˴ˣ
ɽĶӵǲ٣ֻǳͻ˵ܹЩҲ̫ӳү
ʵϣ֮ǰɽһֱΪԼһ֮ģҪȳҪһЩ
ԺܶʱƫģֻڿҪı뷨ˡ
׶˵˳ԼԨԴܹ˵ʲôأ
빫һڻվ⣬֮гױΣҪ֪浽׷ʲôǲܵ飡
ǳɽԸ֪淢һЩʲô
빫ⶼüʱȥˣǱ߲ʲôɣ
ЩһֱվߣʱȥˣʼһԲ
ֻʵЩ̲סˣԲųŷ빫ʵ
빫ų΢΢һЦİɣүʥϵʵҪ𣿡
빫ȻǳɽΪŵˣ˵ʼûκ֪
Щ빫ҲǺѽܶ鶼ڵȺּ⡣
һ׵ۣ³ɽӻǲ׵¶ġ
ֻǷ빫ãһնɱλɵۼǿߣóѾڳɽӵг׵ʧȥ˵λ
һﻹ֪ôƻ󸸻أնɱλɵֱۣϷ۳
빫֮ǰѾǶŭˣԲưոݣɣһҲǺӵˡۼҿǼŪѾǱʥϸҲ˵ء
빫Լǣ
˷빫ĻԭЩһεķ
һĬԿóֻ֣̿һԵĳƽɫҲˮ
һΣǴ֮λʱˣ
š
һ̳ųƽģ֪һ׵˿׶༪ˡ
̫ӵ£ۼڶһŮӣд°
빫ԳضѾûˡ
鵽ز빫Ѿǳ׵վ˳һߣ
빫Ǳ˽£θɣ
û뵽빫ʱȻ飬ŮӲǱˣ׽ݺ
˵ʵ֮ǰǴ㽫ݺڻʹ֮ģֺ³ݺ
ԣͽݺ˶֮У
ֻݺ֪׻عˣЩһƺѾǲһ˿΢У
ֻݺ΢ֻǻʳĳһŮӶѣ
ĳܹĸ£ΪϷ۳Ļʺأ
ڻû̫ݺ˽أʵǲϹ͢Ĺصġ
֪ĻǳΪЦ
빫ʱἰ£ȻǹؼʱڱͱӰ
ҪԼĸ֪Ļǻ˵ã
ҺθɣۼʥߵˣֻʥЩչأۼЩҲûи»㱨쿴ǸӰ
빫˵ǼɤһëȻĸо
ߣԭҪͨվ顢ӳ븸ʴͻء
֪ʱǻ˵ԼݺĹϵµʱҲ˵ˡ
ݺ޶ˣֳʱڳߣվȻģ
ǵ۳̫ӣͶ֮ҲΪŮˣ
ףݺǳݵӵŨЩҲйһЩøС
֮ԵЩʱ󵽣
ʧʮ꣬ȴǸݺͳĻᡣ
Ȼˣ׶ݺҲûʲôԾ֪ˣףǸһЩ
̫ӵ»ǻ˵ЦһһһдŵĿϷ۳Ȼ˽ŮӣֱϷ۳档
һ۷빫Ҳֿһ˿˿Ц⣡
ܿ죬ѾѺһŮӳط˹
Ȼȥһֱڳеݺ
˿̵ݺһֵĿˣ֪ʲô飬ΪʲôͻȻҪץԼ
Ҫ֪Լ̫ӵµˣʱ˭ôأ
㡭ǡ
ǰΣ˻ҲЩȻĶ
̫
һ׳ΪʲôʱˣѾǴͨˣ




2118½ŵݺ
 

֮⣡
׻Ѻݺһ߳ݺһãȻӣҲŭˣ
ݺ֪ʲô飬ֻǿԼѺ⵽ߵʱҲһͷˮ
һ̣ݺƺаһЩ
ֻǿɫӣҲǳ˵֮ɫ
̫ӵ£Ůҹ͢ȱ³ǻñʥðɡ
빫һھǰݺΪŮǻûпʼѾǶˡ
һԵĳҲһһ͵˵٣빫Լǣ̫ӵ¾ȻŮƻܼ̳дͳأ
֪ۼҾˣֻ±չأۼһֱұµ
빫ϧ˵ǳ󿴵ĳҪԼ
ݺɴС
еȷ涨ѰŮӲʹڣӲҪһֱסôʱˡ
óĵǣݺסԼĶ֮У
ݺµĻʱԼ¾͸ӵıˡ
Ҫ֪ԼѾԼĸʴˣ
ҪȥĻԼ̫֮λܹס
ƽŷ빫һ빫ﻹ̫ӵµŮˣ㾹Ȼǿץˣ㻹ûн̫ӵ·У
٣ͳ죬ۼǴܹܣЩۼһȨģ
빫ųƽҲ¶һ˿мЦݣ
ʵϣ
֮ǰ۾̬̫ӿûϷˣ
ȻûϷˣҵ۾һֱȽϳԼӣΪܹܵķ빫ȻҪΪԼԺˡ
̫ӵ˳µʱʱ侮ʯôܹ͹Գүĳ̶أ
һӣҲǳ׵ŭˣ
ͳ졭
ųƽһѾ˷ŭĻ棡
ƽĵڣ
һ᱾Ҫʣ븸ʴͻ飡
֪Ȼ鵽زֻܹԽΪˣ
ԼѾǲˣȻ˲ˣǾͽ
ߣͳ췴ɣŭһ¶һ˿ĲмһŮȻҲøʴͻ飿˵磬ǲ㶺ˣ
ݺһֱδƺһЩʲô
ʣճǹ
ִµʱ֮ͻȻ˳ɽӵûκεף
Ƿ빫ԭҪִ䣬һĻҲһūּ
δ䣬빫ѾǳŻʹķ򼲳۶ȥ
¿ͣǲִеĻǵʱԿľǷ빫ˣ
ͳǱߣ
ԭΪǵĸʺ׵˻ҪһЩʱգû뵽ִ֮ʣȻռҵ˽ˣ
ɫһ䣬ʱͻȻżռʲô˼
ԭΧݺĻ⣬һƺͻȻֹˣǼҲǷſݺ
ݺϽܵ˳ߣȥɫ΢죬ƺЩţ
ݺ΢΢һݺûˣİɣ
ҡҸ鷳˰ɣĺ鷳ĻҡҲΪѵģ
ݺĿת֮еļᶨóЩһ
ݺɱʲôɵ°õ۳̫ӣһŮ˶˵ģ
ߣ磬ѱˣпչŮˣ㻹ǲɽ˰รɣǼͬıδأøʶŭˣһ
ųЦ
ߣռȣҲ飬ֲãҲʲôáʥϵ飬Ÿоϡ
Ŀų
ʥϣִ𣿡ݺһʥ⼸ֵʱҲǼʵ
ţˣڸ̸أο˵
Ȼ֪ѹҲʲô̸飬Ѿˣǰοݺ
̸飿˵㻹ᰲοŮû뵽ŮȻǼһﻹйϵһһˣ
ݺȻʶףҲ¶һ˿˿Ц
ȻղЩǣתһ룬⼸һϷ۳λɵۼǿߡ
ǽϷ۳ڶҸˣԼĸʻῴ˵
ο֮ǰѾնɱ⼸ˣ
Ϸԣ
ѲԼĸʻΪ⼸ջس𣿾޿ܣ
һĹ֮󡭡
빫ż˷ٵĳķ
Ȼȥռҵ峤Լ峤ճᣬǸոռ磣
빫⼸ȥķ˳˽ȥ⼸˸˹
÷ǺӵҲΣϾϷ۳ĵ̣
Ϸ۳ĵ۾ҪһռҵˣѲɻҪԿɣ
գռҵҲֻܸŷ빫˹ǽ֮ڡ




2119´ȥĳ
 

һҺͳȽɡ
֮ڣɽӵһεʵϸղһҲǿ
ɽʵЩŭΪ¹ٲøԵʣһֱΪǲԤԼҵġ
ɴӸղһĻȴѾǸԼӹһ
ʻǸǽͷݰһԼĶӳˣȥһˡ
Ҫ֪ķʶԼĴӳǹмӣ
Լ֮ǰԼȴҲǷֺܹġ
ֻǳɽЩɻԼӵԱǸŮ˭
˽֮УΪռҵ峤˿Ѿû֮ǰ緢
ȥЩĺ֮У⼸ı˶оһƬҰ
Ϸ۳˴峤ȥЩǷϵĺܡ
ͨ
ռ֮һ֮󣬿ɽӣҲǺȻ¹
ֻۿ֮дתˮ˿ΪĲ̡
һԵĳ׵˻ţҾվǱߣҲ΢΢һ
ûκεģ˵ԼĸƺЩŤתԭ̬ˡ
ϳߵʥϣԸʳ룡
ݺĿųɽӣһĻȷ᲻ѣ
һԵճ磿һ׵֮Ҳ¹
ɽӿһ˵ƽɣ
ߵлʥϣ
վӻЩסĲš
ƺ֮ǰӦܹʲộҲģ
ɽӵռҵҲţˡ
ʥռĹȴ˺ϳİ
еˮһǻռһֱϷ۳Ĺȴû뵽֮
˳ɽƽ֮ܲأ
ңռҵҲǸոյ֪ãǴʥἰ޻ڹҷģռҵһΪ
ɽӵ֮Ҳһ˿ɱ֮⣡
һԵĳߣҲ΢΢һȥΪļ
̶̵ļ죬û뵽ԼĸѾǳ׵תˣ
ϳл¡
һκȻ¹򣬴˿鶼Щռƽˣ
һ̣Ϊռҵ峤ҲǼѣ
ԭΪռҾʹ군ˣû뵽շ·ת
Ȼ֪׵˭ѾĴмˡ
ɽŭݣһóʽ
ųɽӻ䣬ͷҲǻŻŵ˽
֮ǰĻȻûһȴ˳ɽӵ֮дһ˿ķŭ
׷ʲô飿
һͷˮʱ򣬻һۣ
ߵʣ
ūߵʥϣ
˼ͬʱµҲȻ̧ͷųɽӡ
Ǹɽӵĺ˵Ŀⴥһʱһεŵú䣡

ɽһȣֻһȣȴóһ
࣡
ĺЩʿˮž֮ԵΪͻأ
ųɽһεߵݵʣڣ
ռҵ鵽ô£ɽӳ
̵ռҹħڡ
ˣΪôúŪ޸㣬Ѿ֪Ϊ˴ѹ̫ӲֶΣֱɶ񣡡
ɽô˵ǽ鳹׵Ķˣ
֪֪
һߣɫˣ
ּү֮λȦУò㳯£Υ޾ģ
ɽӵĻһ˾йƤһ㣬һȻ
ȥ
һ̣ĳʲôȥ
ԭһ̵ǷֳʤɽӵĻ׵ʧȥ˴ʸ
һԵķ˴ҲŵҲūȥ죡
ʣ¹ٲø֪
ɽӿŷʣ̨£ʵ
ū֪
˿̣˭ҸɽӶ죿ǲڵȴһѣ

ԸղųʧƵһ̣֪ԼѾǴȥˣ
Ȼвʣôأ
ʶĵľǳܹóɽӵһԼĴˣ
ɽӿŷʳʣͲҪڸߵˣǵ˾ͷɡ
ͷĸֵǽʳ׵Ĵ乬
ټЩ˾ߺʵӦûκεĺ³ˡ
ɽӵһ仰ǳ׵ͷ˵ġ̡
ͨ
һ̱˵ϣĿЩͣһԵĳƺҲǺòȥ
ɽûȥôܹȥأ
ܣҲ߼尾š
󰡣Ҳ޽һλǣ
ɽǽĿݺϣҲ¶һ˿Цݣ
׿˿ݺҲǳųݺЦЦһʱ˼ţ




2120
 

֮У
ɽӵЦһԵĳͳƽǷ
֪ɽһǿĵģֻҪʥϿģôʲôͶðˣ
Ҫ˵׿ųɽѾЦǺǵ˵ۣݺҵѣ
ŶԭǴʥϵѣǱϷ۳ĹͰ
ɽӹһЦ仰ǳ׵ĳ׵ĵλ
һԵĳͳƽ֪׷ʲô飬ɿ׾Ȼɽӹϵ˵ǢҲѣ
ǲ֪λʥϵʲôֶΣȻϲŭ޳ʥϾȻΪѣ
ݸһЦݺƺЩ޳˼˰ǽҵýˣ֪ۿɷӰ
֮ð󣬻ߵлʥϡ
ɽӿų΢΢һЦӵһֳĸо
ֻǳһƣԼ֮ǰһֱǺܰ׵֡
ԼĸʾȻҪߵлףݵתƺǳĿ찡
װڰֵۣˣҸ֮ѣݺʶ˺ܳʱ䡣ߵлҿͲ˰ɣ
Ȼʥ˵޾Ͳǿˣɽӵ̬Ŀɿڴ
ȻɽӼΣַĵƭ˵ġ
һԵķʺͳ׵ӣǶһĿɿڴ
һﵽʲôֶΰȻñ˵ת䣿
ⱲӶ֪ˣ
ųӣʴ˿һֻڶⱦѹ˰
ݺ׿ݺЦŵ
ִ硭ݺףҲЩЩȥ˰һֱڴ̽ϢأҲһֱڵϢ
ⲻǻ𣿲ܹһ⵹ЩⰡҵǴٳһ׮¡
ЦݺҵԼҸҲΪĿģ
ݺɫһллִ硭
Ҳǳм˵֣лˣ
ˬʵЦЦճɾǺ£Ȼ׼ýҲǸŮĴɣһ״ɲ̫Ŷ
һжʵģ
˿ɽӣϷ۳Լ׵ĽɽԼȨ
ڿԼĸƺѾӦˣһʯͷҲˣ
ɽӹһЦʥϷģݺϷ۳̫ҲδϷ۳Ļʺȳ״Ϸ۳أ
ˣҴݺлл˰
Ҳǹ֣ϻǱȽϵǳɽһӻûôȻѣ
ɽϺЦּ̫һ֮飬£
ųɽ쳹ʹһ̶ǹ
ôˣǼûмɽӵӰټ϶֮ңѾһЩ˲²һЩʲôˡ
һУƺųɽһɢ
ù
ݺϳֳһĨϲɫЦŵֵĴûлμˣ
ǡһźĿףһԵݺҲǼæִ磬㡭һҪ
ҴϷ۳ѾףкܶûлشˣҲ֪ôˣ
׿Ҳ΢΢һ̾
۳Ǳƺս֮ǰ˵ȥҹһ֣׵Ʋô
Ҳû˽ֻ̫֪һЩʲô
Ǵ׻ʳû̫ĹģΪĵֻ׵
ֻ֪Ҫ׻ţ׾ͻţ֮Ȼ
ɽӿЦŵȻʥ£ޱ㲻ˡռҵʥϷģһ㴫ּ伴ҵ۳ة࣡
ʥϣϳεºܡ
һԵ˸ղһֱףռܹƽѾǷǳ׵ˡ
û뵽ʱɽӾȻԼ࣬һܳĸо
Ҫ֪ةǿǵһ׼ҵ峤Σ֮ǰة峤صΡ
رնɱǰû뵽ʥϾȻԼȡسΪ۳ࡣ
ǿǾԵλȨذ
ɽӰڰֵѾհ䲻˵ˡʥϼȻһĹ׻ʳޡ
۲ͣĳˣշ
׾ԼҲûʲô̫ˣ
ռҵˣϪȻ֪һЩʥɽһʱỹûа취
Ҫľȹ̵ķչһʱ˵
οһЩ˻кܶ඼û䣬Ҳϣһǣ
񣬻ص۳Ҫ飡
֮ǰ˵۳Ǳƺеǰȹ̣ҲҪԼոսĴ׻ʳ񵽵ôˣ
״ռҵ˳ķȥϾҪܶ鰲źˣ
ͬʱҲҪ÷Ǻӵһǣ




2121뿪
 

ķ
һ˵ȺƺƵĳķǰȥ
˿̣¥ϵ÷ǺӺ÷˵ǱҲأ
÷ΪķϷ۳ϰ壬ҲǵǵĿ˵ʥϽȥˣûϢ
Ϸ۳ĻʹǸ岻ˣҲǲ֪˵ϢҲһֱģԡ
÷Ҳεʼ磬Ϊˣ
ΤϦϷ۳ǾǻѨȥҪ²ôװ
ռҵ˲Ǳ𣿿ʱûʲôΣհɣ÷ǺӿΤϦҲһǳ˵
ƺԼĻҲôţ
ΤϦ΢΢ҡͷ˭Ҳ˵׼Ҷģ׼ҵ̶ѨҲǴ𣿾Ϸ۳ҾӦҲа취ģ
Ϸ۳һ׼ܹģҪ㰡÷Ҳǵ
һֵĺܴǶǷзϾһλɵǿߣʵЩֲ̫ˣ
÷һε˵Ҫ֪նɱĿϷ۳ɵ۰
ⲻǴŭ˳ɽӵ
˭Ը⿴Լڱĵ۳˵ϣ˳ɽȻԸ׵ˣ
ʥ£ȷЩ嶯˰÷ǺҲǰ̾һ
ռܲۿЩף⼸˼һֱ׵ϣ˵׾Ĺǣ
ױϷ۳ץˣһϰµĸо
ȻһֱĬЩ˵ÿһ仰ġ
ڵʱΨеȴˣ
׼࣬ǸܵһܹԼ漣ġ
Ϸ۳ռܲҲδʧ
׾һܵĴڣ
֮УΨһһ֮ŵˣռܲˣ
ΤϦһķ꣬ٵˣ÷ǺӣҾӦһЩʲô
һЩʲôڳ˵ȻʲôⶼȥüˣϢĻӦôˣûϢõϢˣ
÷ǺҲҰοˣûϢȷõϢ
ΤϦΤҺ÷ȻϷ۳ȴҲһЩ˵ķɣųɽӿҵЩ˼ɣ
ΤС㣬Ī˼Ҫ⡭ǵķ²峤ǰǸϷ۳ĵ۾ҲԵȣ
÷ǺӲû뵽İ취÷ҵ峤ôܹ÷أ
οΤϦһŮӲܴΤҵ̬ˣ
ΤϦŵǡǾ߸ɵ𣿡
⣡
һ󼱴ٵĽŲ˽ΤϦһ㶣漴ʶѾ̽˳ȥ
ķģǴ˿ʲôȥڸʲôأ
Ųٽ֮ǻʶ̽һ
֨
һ֮ʣѾǴˣ
״ռһ˵˽˲䣬ķĶˣ
ס
ռܲΤϦͬʱ׵ķ˹˿׵ôļ
׿ŮҲЦŵôˣ첻ôˣ
ޣ²Ƕôġ
ΤϦ˵ôĴ֣һԵռܲȻû˵ϲѾ˵һУ
ʥϡ
÷ǺӺ÷˿ףҲһ˵
ЦŵˣѾȥˣҴҲҪشˣһιҪΪ˸ģ
ʥϾôˣǳɽûΪɣ÷Ǻӿ׼æʵ
Ǻǣ۽̸ġһ仰͸ϢͷǳĴˡ
÷ǺӺ÷˵һ׵ĻҲǼĿס
ĺϷ۳õĹϵĻô÷ҵǶһˣ
ʥϣۡ÷ҲǼʵ
İɣԺ÷ѣϷ۳ԲԹ۵ġ׻˵ߣ÷ǺӺ÷ѾЦЩϲ£ˡ
ϣģֻû뵽ô˳
֪׵õĻڵ۳Ļʹ֮жˡ
ѡҪ
÷ҵһѡǳ׵ıȫԼ
һԵףҲǹֵʥϣǲ֪Ҫʲôл㡭
ة಻лϣԺةܹչ÷ǡЦŵ
ةࣿ÷Ǻһ㶣
ЦŵѾּ峤ѾϷ۳ˣ
Ŷϲة࣬ϲةడ
÷ǺӺ÷˻һۣǴӶԷжǿһĨ𺳣
Ϊ飬Ǿܹ²ܶĶˣ
࣡
ǿһɹΪҪλ֮һ˰
ռҵĸм÷ҵңһǽԴϲˡ
֮״ΤϦռܲѾǳŴ׻ʳķˡ




2122»ع飬ʯ
 

ʯǣ
ʯڴ׻ʳ࣬Ǵ׻ʳ֮һ
ҲΪˣԭʳʯҲ쳣ӣڻʮɱɽ
ʯʳڣֻ׻ʳʳ֮ƺѾս֮ˣ
ȻˣԴ׻ʳһң
׻ʳ˵裬ֻϲĴܻʳǰ˴׻ʳһ֮֮⡣
棬ǼǸܵУ
׻ʳѾ᧿Σ
һжΪ׻ʳ۾ͻȻʧԵʣԭЩ̽һֱڴ̽׵䣡
ɵɽ紫׻ʳ۾Ϸ۳۳̫³۬ͻ֮һ۳
˿˥
Ҳԭܱ߻ʳγΪΧ֮ƣ
ߵķⲻԣ˭ܹأ
ɽ֮УԴΪأ
һɹҪڵķչԴǲɻȱһ֣ʳΧʳ֮ԴΪĵط
ټԭĴʳ𣬴׻ʳոս׻ʳĵ۾ֵ˺ųɽǿ֮һ۳
һ˶˥˴׻ʳսҲ޿ɱˣ
׳ߣ
׻ʳƺһ˻֮УֻΪʳԭʵǿᣬټЩĻۣ
һʱ׻ʳܹ֧ŵסܹ֧Ŷأ
Ĵ׻ʳѾǧٿףҪڽʿ֧ŵĻ´׻ʳѾǻҷˣ
ײδӴܻʳĵؽߣƺЩ·
ȵʯǵʱƺ֪Լ˴׻ʳ
˵ʵ׻ʳȷǵʵʳνһ֪
ʯǳŽա󷨴󿪵ӣҲȻĽʯ֮У
ʵȻǴ˵ʲô£
⻤ǴӣƺҲ֧Ų˶ˣʯӦǷǳľ޴ġ
ף⡭Ǵ׻ʳڴ̰
ռܲʯȺƺɫҴҵӣҲǽʵ
ϾԼ˵ĵ̣ɲϣʲô飡
һԵΤϦҲͷ˵װҲôԼĵ̻⻤ǴһǱ˸˰
ΤϦʵǱȽϲˣȻֻɻʳڣһʳ֮Ǿһˡ
˿̣ΤϦʯǣ׸оƣ
׵ɫÿ֮ǰȷ˵˴׻ʳƺЩ̫ãû뵽ȻѾǱ˴򵽼ſˣ
׳׻ʳոսһǰϷ۳ҲЩҪ죬ֻ;Щˡ
һǿɾʮʱ䰡ʮܹ̫̫ˡ
Ǵֱӻش׻ʳǵģڶ֪ʯǵ׷ʲô
ҿǻҸʰɣΤϦ׵
ţǰƺļĲֹˡ
ΤϦûмʶˣһԵռܲЩ޴ĸо
ʵϣҲѹ֣ΤϦһֱɽ磬ɹ˥ĻǱȽϵĵġ
οΤҵļʶЩΤϦֻϡƽ顣
ռܲһֻΪʶײĻ
ǵɽ磬Ҳһֱռҵĸۡ档
ռյĻһֱǸط֪ܹҵˡ
֮ǰռϷ۳İ˴֮һ˭ָ׵۸أ
ռܲģ϶һɷľ󣬸ûʲô鷢
ļʶôܹΤϦᲢأҪԺ󲻶ϵܹúһЩ
ʯڵĳһļ
ʱųĶ飬ļĺȻдųڵĿںţ
һƬһֱٳµѹָУ
׳˹üͷĺܽ
ΪԼȥ׻ʳĪΣΪ˲֪Ѿ˶ٵˣȻѵ
ֻҪΪʲô׻ʳȻҪ֪׻ʳʹܻʳͬɹ
ž
һ޾Ǻɫһ㣬֮У漴һը죬һԵһӵϣһŮӣ
ֻ֮еһĨǿȥѣ
ӵŴ׻ʳսף˳ɾˣҺֵܵŮˣĸӶ˰ɣҵֵܸոսʯǵǰߡ
ɹ֮սпԸеսģ
ɽɲ˶ѣ˹ͨһЩΪʯ治ϵŬţ
ɹ֮սǣǵռģܶ˶Ϊս
һΣʯѾǷգҪ߲ūۣΨսʤһ·ߣ
ߣССҲڱǰŮòʯǾӦܵӦеĳͷ
ǸɾȥЦƺûκε֮ģ
׻δ˵һԵΤϦѾǿȥˣС椻һЩʿ緶
ס֣ΤϦֱӳǸɾķ񱼶ȥҲüͷ




2123°ٻ·
 

ʯڣƺ
Լû̫ȻˣȻˣǱǴ￪ʼˣ
޺Уûһŭ
ΤϦȥʱײδֹҲҪһеô£
Ӵǣʯǻѵһ˰
Ǹ޵ɾΤϦдһ˿¶ǵζ
վԱߵһļһٺһЦʹˣ콵޸û뵽ʯڻôˮŮ
Сӵǻ˵
ǸʹΤϦ֮Ҳһ๾·ΤϦѾŮһ㣡
ʹĿǰǱȱˣҿŮ涼ʰǸʹԱߵһԼüŪ۵˵
ž
˻δ֮ʣΤϦѾǳˣ
˵ϷǿɲΤϦΤСķ
ĳ׼ݣһֱӽ˵Ӹȷ˳ȥ͸һӲмߣֻ۸С
㡭Ҵҵˣ
ǾʹϾֻɾǿߣȻҲŴ׾ôأ
ΤϦĳֶûп˿֪ԼӲˡ
Ǵ׻ʳľʹȻʵǿȴŲСȨ
䣡
˻δ䣬ΤϦֱһȭѾǱɳȥʮԶ˲Զһϣ
һƬž
˻δӦһеʲôߵսѾǽˣ
ΤϦ˴Լȭͷߣҵ֣
׳ˣɱ
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һԵռܲҲǵͷʱ򣬻ϷΤС㣬һͲʲôö
ܲ˵ĶԣھоǻΤϦҲߵ˵
һ˿ļǰҲǳ˹
ֻǿһ֮󣬾ûһļˡ
ʱ̣ﻹ鿴ʲôأ
û°ɣ
֣ǸŴ׾ԥĿһףֱ׸֮г˸м֮ɫ
׵ûû£ǸϽ߰ɣﲻģ
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ң
Щɻ󣬲⵹Ҳʲô£
ܶξ֮˶Ǵӱھģһıˡ
˿ȥӦҲǸС죬Ȼ𲻸ߣھвײĴڣ
ͷȻ׵˾ȥļУ
ʯӦһһǣҲķƺ۸ǳİ
ԭ׻ΪסʲôۡڿҲһССԺѣ
ƺǳС˾Ժ棬طȥЩƫƧƺûʲô
λлղųҽ·׻ʳʯŵˣ
·׺ΤϦҲվϹ
ֹ··ָһԵĸŮ˭
ҲǿˣµһֵܵŮ˺ͺӣϸֵܱɳȥ̽ϢҲûлһݻû뵽顭
·ԵЩߣƺЩûеطйӣ
һԵΤϦǸʲôʹǸʲô
ɲ֪ʹʹʯŵľ٣˼𲻸ߣȴźܴȨ˱ʯŸͳչɵݡ
·Ҳ֪׵ʲôˣ˵ղ˵ʱһߣ
׿·ʵΪʲôʯ
ʯսô꣬ڼһգʯÿ˶óʮƷʯʯΪˮ֮УⱾûġܵÿɣֵܵŮ˺ͺûõôܹõóʯأ
·˵֮۽ҲǺһ˿ˮ
˵ж᲻ᵯ·ȥӦǵ֮ˣ
ĸŮЩΨΨŵŵ˲ɽֻɵʵɽӦײĴˣ
ΪʮƷʯ˾Ҫ֣ڰɣЩŵ˵
ʮƷʯȻڣǼһǳĺɫ֮ͽ붼˸оģղλɵһȭʵǴг첻Ѱ
·Ҳһ˷ܣ˷֮ƺҲЩ֮ɫ
޳֮ͽղҾӦɱǸһΤϦ̵
Цһеǻᣬϧ콫
ɷСˣʲôǸССİٻѣ·ҡҡͷƺϻЩ죡
ݸһЦǰٻԺ󲻾ǧԷܲ㼸⣿




2124Σʯ
 

ʯǣ·ļУ
׵˺̸·ƺҲѹ˺ܾãҸ˳˵˵ҲǷйһЩ
׵ҪѯԼ飬ҲЩɵ˵ܲһ¼λɣʲôˣǴʳ̽Ӱɣ
ǺǣȻǣ׵˵СӵЩ
·һֻҪǴʳ̽Ǿʲô˵ˣ˵ʵڴʳ̽ԽԽˡ
ʵǸʳйصģʳҲ˵ģΪʲôҴ׻ʳ
׿·һƺɵ⣡
һԵ·һЦҵιԹԣȷ㲻ǴʳˣǺǣ㻹Ǵ׻ʳˣⶼ֪
Ǹմطģһص׻ʳû뵽սң
׵Ľ͵Ҳǵλ·Ҳû̫Ļɣ
Ͼܹų⣬˵ӦòǴʳ̽ˡ
Ǵʳ̽ӵĻžԲʵĳġ
·Ǹʳʮˣ׳Ҳʮʱ䣬˵ΪǴ׵ĵ۾ˣҪϷҴ׵İͼ
׵۾ˣܳʲô£
ƵʵԼǺúõվ
·ҿһµҲ˵ģ˵Ǵ׵۾۳ˣ۳˸ɱˡЩǵ;˵ûоϢҴ׵ĵ۾ȷûгֹ
ǺǣʳΪҴ׵ģ׿·ʵ
·΢΢ҡͷ˵ʵҵȲǴӾþõˣܶӦֻ֪ɣ
ðɣʯ˭أ׿·ʵ
ԭʯǵĳˣΪʵģʳǱ߾ɳǰѹʯŵͳ죡
·Щ˵
ؕD׿·ʵ
ؕDԼԲة࣬һƹܱ
û뵽ʱ׻ʳȻһƹܱʯŵͳ졣
ʵ˿ãҲڱһɣ
ʯԼˣԼһҲʶԼݶ֤ˡ
꣬˵ֿɲ⺰İ·ѵ
׵ͷǺǣ㻹СĽʯôˣصס𣿡
Ҳ֪·ǵײһٻҪ֪ĶӦǲ̫ˣ
ȻܵĻڼȥҲû̫ıҪˡ
Ҳ֪ؕDة඼ͳˣӦѾǵһʰĵزˣ
ֻЩƣ׻ʳʵǿ֮Ҳôᵽľأ
鿴ֻеԼؕD֮󣬲ܹԼһˣ
صסܹصסˣҹƳӦþɣʵزס˰ʯܹôȫǿŻǴػ⻤Ǵʯʵ̫ˡ
·ĻȻ׵ģɹ֮սʵҲս
ʵ൱ɹս͸Ϊԣ
Ҵʳһ֮ȫʯǣܹôӦþǻǴĹ͡
û⻤ǴĻƿˣ
ʳȻǸͣҲôսҵģ
׽Ҳǿģ
׳ʳ̫ǵĺӾҪͷ˷İɡ
˵ɣͱοˡʵʯǵĺܶ˶ѾǲϣˣֻǲҪܵʳū۶ѣǿˡ
·˵ҲʵڻΪ˵ֳأΪūͣ
κһ˶Ը⿴飡
Ŷˣղ˵Ǹͳչʲôˣ׿·һεʵ
⡭չҲǻʳɹˣ˵ǰة˵ĶӣʵҲǲġ
·ף֪ĶҲ˵ˣ
ˣһЩʯŰɡ
׵һѾǳʯƷʯ
࣡
·ЩʯҲзųһľ⡣
ܿ죬ҡҡͷɣǵȷҪʯôʯϿδһ¡
ŰɣǱҲǿԵģҸģ±ǣʯԺһϯ֮صġ
׵˵·Ȼʵһ㣬ȴǷǳʵġ
£ΪһȥֵܾȻܹȨ󿹺⣬һΪصġ
ء
·Ҫ˵ʱѾһͳĺŽ
ãо飡
·֮ɫֱ䣡




2125¶죡
 

ʯڣ
һͳĺŽ쳹ʯǣֺŽ֮һĺŽҪһЩ
·ʯŵˣֺŽȻָƣ
׵ǵһ·ʵô£
λɣлʯڵȥŲսˣʳһ֮־ˣ
·ɫţȥǳĽ
üͷ΢壬ǵͷðɣȥɣԺǻмĻġ
·ҲǼУ
ӦõõãӦûкñģ
ھҲҪ·Ĺ򣬶˿ҲҪʳθԼĴԣ
·ҴȥıӰһĸΪŵӣ
ҲǶһԵŮϦܲ
ôˣΤϦʵ
׳ĸŮȽˣǾʹߣȥȥ
õģû⣡
ΤϦͷһӾ׵⣡
·ߺ׵ӰҲʧ·ļУȥķʯǵĳŷ
Хս޶
ɽսƺԵøΪĲпһЩ
ʳѾǱٳ£ԶѹѹһƬʯҲһƬı֮ɫ
׵Ӱ֮ϣƲסûעĵ
һԵֿݷңϵԵ÷Ƶǰһƺ˵ûκε
׵·ʯǣ˿̵ʯʯŸ߲ڵҲһƬأ
ʳһεĴѹǸоһ˿Ϣ
һƣʱ򼸺ĳʯǽʲôˡ
ؕDΪ࣬ҲΪεվ룬ʵɸΪ֮
ˣҿǻذɣ
ؕDԱߣһӿؕDóھеĵλҲǷǳĸߡ
˲Ǳˣʯŵĸͳ֮һչɣ
ԭʯŵĸ߲ؕD˵ĵѾǳ׵ĸһ䣡
ʯҪˣһؕDһǸչˡ
չɵҲǷǳǰʳةĶӣҲڴ׻ʳƽĶӣ
أʯҴ׻ʳΪǿһϣǵĺ漸ûκһܹʯᲢ˰
ؕDᶨҡҡͷ֪ڵĵ
׻ʳļǳǾĵƵģÿһկǳضһǴ
ΪǴĳɱ֧ǳĸߣҲֻбһЩŻĻǴ
ǷʯǵĻǺЩǳظ赲ʳ˽
׻ʳֻǸʳͻĻʵʳĲһڴ׻ʳĶ֡
ײڣ׻ʳʹʳҲûô⡣
ڲǴʳһҪô׻ʳ𣬽һ׻ʳܵ˼ʳͬʱл
࣬Ǵʱˣһҿɶ߲˰
չ֮Щ˸óƺǱˣ

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ؕDһ۸չû뵽չɾȻд˵鱨
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ʲôȻ죿ǿɻʾڵĳǿ߰
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ҳȥ
ؕD˵ֱӳʯǵĳŷ򼲳۶ȥ
ֻǸһ˵ȣ϶ǹһĨɫ




2126±ӵؕD
 

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ʯǵĻǴʮʱ䣬ҲǺķ˴ʯ
Ѿһ벻ľˡ
ؕDҲȻʯѼʯˣʵЩεľٶ
˿̣ؕDҪȫ֮ڲϵĵֿŴʳĽ
࣬ܳȥǵĹǣ
չɵ˿ؕDȻҪǣҲǸϽǰ
ؕD˵ȻҪ̸̸Ǳ̸Уʱǲᶯֵģ
⡭ʳĻǿɲŰ
չЩµĿؕDʵĵؕDΣա
ؕDôҲɻʾڵǿߣиĻǵʱʯǾһΪʵˣ
һؕDˣʯǿ˲ͻᱻƣ
ⲻǸչϣģοһ㣬ǾؕDһ˵ʱô죿
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˵꣬ؕD˵Ȱ裬Ѿǳ˻ǴķΧ
ɱ
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2127´ף
 

ʯڣ
չɿؕD棬Ǵ
˵ǷסؕDΨһͨ
ֱؕDĽ࣬˶û뵽ֹؼʱ̸չɾȻ˵ľ
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ǽүүأ㵽Ǻξģ
ؾŭһŸչһȵŭ
ʵĻؾͶˣ
ڿԼүүҲǺ޲ֱӳȥϧȥʲôأ
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չɿؾЦƺؾ
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2128ºΪǿƣ
 

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һ̣֮жһĨŨҵĲŵɫʣ
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ֿݿŽ¶һ˿˵΢ЦýоһĺＱ
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ֿݵĳ֣ѾǾתˣ




2129¼ؕD
 

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ţһϢĸо
ֿݾøչɵôţؕD߰ɣ˵
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ˣ֪ˣʳһʱӦòܹˣʯǵĻǴѾһ²һ°ɣ׿ؕD
òˣʯǵĻǴѾǧٿˣؕDҲΪͬĵͷֻûѣ
΢΢ͷؕDʵҴ׽ʿս𶼷ŲЩʿսЩʹȻȥûõĽʿȥҪʯд£
⡭ϳ֪ݶǸ߸ͳ츺ģؕDһҲǾ㵵˵
ͳչɺ;貿Щʹͳͳڴʯһ·İٻ
һ˵˲ٵˣؕDһߣҲǵͷ̳ȥˡ
ȻҲ·˵˭Ϊʲôʥϻᵥһٻأ
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2130
 

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ײ㣬ʵһֱڴףͲ飡
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ЩΪԼɵģ֮ǰ·ȥĽʿӺͺӾȻܵʹ̰һɱһ˵ĳ嶯
ʥϣʯŹԼңսԼһң
ؕDҲǱһŵ֣ر⣡
ʵϣʯǵĻǴ󣬿ֻǳĿֲ
Ҳҿ׻ˣһĻһʯǱƿʱ¾Ͳ˵ˣǻж˻ŵˡ
еĽʿһ̶ǿף
ԭΪһδ׵۾ĳֻ֣Ϊ˰һ£
ܹ뵽ǵλʥϣһֵĵһ飬ȻǹЩײأ
˿̣һεʥ˵ĽʿЩѾĬĬˮ




2131Ȧٻ
 

ʯ⣡
еĽʿǴһɼ͸мɫ
д˵۾򸴺أ
ڳ֮ϣؕD֣Ҳ΢΢ͷ
أ
̧ͷԶλʿȴҲЩΪ׸ĽʿǡּʯߣÿƷʯһǧƷʯ̷š
ꡢꡢ꣡
ɽХ
һεĺХ֮֮֮ǰҪһ࣬ÿ˵϶һĨĵЦݣ
ǵģģ
һ̣ǿλػһǸ壡
׿˴ҲΪĶһԵؕD࣬Щʿܿɰ
ʥĻҴ֮
ؕDһҲǱȾˣ֮ǰǾȣĴ׾ǿսһ㣬˿־壡
ʥʵ°ʥǵĸ
û뵽ʥϻȥֵܣĺѵð
ǰԺǴ׵ˣǴ׵Ĺ
ҪԺ˭ҸǴԣñ·ԸҵȶȻ޻أ
һ˲䣬Ⱥ֮бŷһҵ֮
ܶ˿жּΪԼĵ۾еԺ
ʯԭһƬɢĲľѾǳ׵Ļӱȡ֮ǿ
һУΪ׵ļ仰
ؕD˿ҲòԼλȥʥϣдߣǳɴ߰
ԼΪҲ˵
ͷһεѸڵƷʯҲǲˡ
׻ʳĹҲһһӾܹõóôʯɣ
ؕDڵΪʯˣ׻ں
أȺСˣ
ܿ죬ʯһƬžλʿһεĿף
ʯŰٻ·
ؕDõ׵⣬ҲǶʯһŭ
ٻ·
˭ܶ˶֪
Ҳ·εºܣȻʥټ
ܶ˶ǺɵĿԶ˿̵·ѹҲ֪׷ʲô飡
ڴʱ·һ˵Ƚʯŵ֪ܲء
ͬһͬ뵽ʯܲĳ·֮⣬иչɺ;貿ľʹ
ԭ׻Ǵڲ飡
Ǻ룬ЩܹȻˣҪĴ£
ɱһӰ٣
ǸչƽĶΣ
ƾҪӺؕDһѾǱ˱ɱ֮У
ο貿أ
֮ǰҪʯһ·
·ľګߵǰ棬ϴһ˿˿ľݣ
֮ǰܲʱҲΪĽţΪ֪ʲô飿
ƺû˴ˣ
·ʵҲ֪˹ڴʥϻϢѰ˼ܹԶһλ֮еĴʥϡ
û뵽Լȴʯŵܲ
·ǵǵģΪʲôΪ֮ǰλ߸ͳݣһһλʹ
߸ͳҪ˽ˣ
ǵ֮ܲ󿴵չɺЩʹһԵʱһɵľ֮ɫ
ֻǵļ尾ŵȴ鴦ĽʱȴԼһεıˣ
ʯľŴʱСȶӶЩ΢΢ˣ
ʲôࣿ
·ѹҲûи̧ͷų濴ȥͷǰš
ٻ
״˿վڳŵ棬ȴʵĳǽڵסԼݣ
ؕD˿վһԿ··ҲϤһЩϾλܶʱ鶼Ϊ
Ϊһٻû˵λأ
ĩ·ݼˡ
·֪׵˾棬ΪֻؕDء
ҲûаݼףֻǶؕD¹
ؕD·ٻϽߵ¡
·㵵ܿһεߵ׵ĩ·ߵ£Ըꡭ
ٻƽɡ
׵һ˿ЦݣҲǻߵǰ棬··˹ȥ
Сӿȥɫ쳣ĽţӦǺ֮ǰʹɣ
˵ǻڼģ񲻾ѾǼ
ЦһСһ̧ͷԼʱ򣬻᲻Щɵأ
·׵ҲЩɻЩϤ
ֻһʱ벻Լˣ
ô뵽֮ǰ׾׵ʥأ
·΢΢̧ͷҲҪһô׵۾ķɣֻǵͷ̧һ̣˶ˡ




2132ط⡰ʯ
 

ʯ£
·̧ͷȼָӣ
֪ΪʲôԼͻȻټҸղ˵Լμʥϵʱ඼ֱ
ʥϣ
Լ棿ܲ
ʯôˣΪʲôĽԼг
·ϰ£ߵʥ֮Ҳ̧ͷ˿λ֮д׵۾
ⲻ֪һǰԼһ
㡭
·ף˶ɵˣ
˲֮ǰԼԼԺ̸˵صļһ
һȻһǴʳɳ̽ӣ
Ų̫ҲǷ뷨׻ġ
ֻû뵽˾ȻǴ׵ĵ۾
һ̣·һƬ
̫ôϲ˰˾ȻǴ׵ĵ۾һЩ˵ˡ
׿·΢΢һЦٻּˣ
ʥϣʶٻ
ؕDҲЩƣ˿ֿ˿·Ҳһͷˮ
ʵؕDĻʳ˵ɻҲҪ֪һﵽʲôȻǰʶ˵ʥϣ
࣡
·ʿˮһεĹĩ֮ǰ֪ʥݣðʥ𷣣
·ʱ֪׵ݣѾŵЩ֪˵ʲôˡ
ܹסԼǣ
Цŵƽɣùˣ֪߲޺ٻ͵ܹΪԼֵܶȨ󿹺⣬һ޺ο
ĩĩֻǡ
·һҲ֪ôˣû뵽С¾Ȼʥϸˡ
һ뵽ߣЩ
׿ʯţڽգ޳ʯǣȴһ˷ָ顣ʯŵľʹȻһλսĽʿ޶ȡǷѡ
ʲôȻ˵ֵȡǷѣɱǧģ
ǰ˺İЩʹֱͲ˰
ֹˣֱ޻ްֻ֪֣ǵ
ƽʱ˿ǵľҲˣû뵽ȥֵܵ޶ŹʮⰡ
׵ĻһһȺ鼤
飬˭֮¶Ҫ׵ģΪǣĿˣ

ʯŵĽʿһ֮Ѿʼأ
ԺЩʹ᲻ô
һ뵽ߣʯűŷһŭ֮
ؕDףҲǵϥ¹£ϳͲ
¶һ˿ȻЦݵٻΪٻԼֵܵ޶裬һ⵽ǾʹĲɱ˵Ϊɸ춯أλʿΪȻ񣿡
ٻٻ
һһ׵ĻԼʵж֤Լ·֧֣
ˣΪʲô֧֣
ΪԼµֵܣܹʹڿ⣬ϧԼΪۣ
ɽ磬ܹжأ
ɽ֮Уϣɹ֮ˣ
˭ȥΪһ˶أ·ˣǾˣ
·׵ĻԼоЩ˼ˡ
ʵԼδô룬ɱôһ˵Ҳ࣡
·̵ʥϣĩҲֻԼӦ飬ʱֻЩȥԡ
һԼӦ飬һӦ飬Ҵ׵Ľʿжܹأ׳ʵ
ٻķǳĺãؕDҲ΢΢һЦʥϣϳΪٻ򣬿ɷͣ
ãȻ飬ȻҲġ·޽ձطΪʯʮƷʯһƷɽһ㸨ʯͳ˧Ҵױ߾΢΢һЦ
ʥϣĩʵ΢ܵΰ
·һ׵ķͣŵöʹȥˣԼһССĽɷ
ʳʷҲûй鰡
Ȼʶʥϲ٣Լһٶȣʵզడ
װڰֵйͣʵȻҪľǱֱģ㡾ְأ
ʹôĵҩȻΪ˸·ͻƵģ
˵ģͻɻʾ׿Ǿûģֻ·ûм棬һӽܲ˶ѣ
ؕD·ʯ򣬻Ͻлʥϣ
ĩл¡·˿ﻹ˵ʲôѾǹ
һڽʿĽ·ҲЩϰµĸоү֮λʵЩ̫˰
˿̵·һƬ̫ˣʵ̫ˣ
һ죬һָоɣ
׷·ʵϾǸʯһʣ·ȴҲǺʹˣ
һ۵ˣѸչɺЩʹ޴




2133¸չɵҰο
 

ʯڣ
չɵһ˵Ƚĵȴţ˿̵ѣ
ԼϵƽҲʳة࣬ʱôԼİΣ
ڵĵԼ֮ǰ᲻ŭ˵ʥϣӶǣԼĸף
ʵϸչһҲԼĸ⣬ϾĴһپһʱ̣
ֻչ˼磬ԭΪѾûκεϣˣ
һؕDڻǴ֮⣬ʵҲǵΪԼ·
һֺ˴ʳ
һǷǳõģֻϧʱȴ۶ӣ
ʥϻˣ
ķʽ˴ʳĶ졣
һøչ˱֮УļƻʧˣΪԼһѵ鷳
չɵԱߣһȻ˹
иСǸչˣһθչɳҲǸԼ˰һλã
ʹλǺܶ۵λãҲȨܴһλã
СԴӽʯ֮ҲŰĺܣ
ϾĺǸչɣǿʯŵĸͳ죬չɵıǿƽҲ׵ү
ʥʧ٣ǴѾ磡
ƽΪߵү֮һеȨԽԽˡ
οΪʳة࣬ĸǳ
ԭΪǱߣЩǷʲô˻ģͻȻȥ׻ʳȴܵУ
һз̫죬ܶûüӦ
С˿Ҳû̫ĵ֮ɫǱóʲô
и߸ӶأһССľʹôҲʲôģ
үû°ɣ
СŸչɣҲһеʵ
һƨĹһģĵǲøչɷǳ
ⲻ֮һ˿ģƺԵǡô
չɿΧôľʹСһԣʥͻȻˣҪ鷢
Сο˵үƽĶӣʲô˵ˣôΪ׸Ļ𣿡
ǰʯǿʮʱ䣬ûйҲп͵İֻǡ
չûʲôĵˣСǸ̸
ϾԼģԸСҲΪΣܶҲǸСŵġ
СøչɵʶҪȻչҲὫһ˰ŵ˾еҪְˣ
СŸչһģҲǵʵүĪķʲô飿ҪȻ˵Ҹ
ؕDʥϵĹϵǳʳǰҽؕD˻Ǵ֮⡭
չɿʼĽ˽飬һԵĸСҲľ
û뵽ԼҵүȻôˡ
࣡
Сһ¿ˮүؕDĲĻǿ»ǻⰡ
ʱǻǴرյʱҿ¡
չݣ֪ΪĿɲֹһ顣
СһתүʵҲ̫ǣΪʯǵİΣľϣ
СһøչɻȻʣ
ؾᣡ
СĻǳ׵ĽƲ岻˵øչɲһұţ
ΪʯǵİΣŲòʹ¾ĵģ
չǳֳһ˿ЦݵС𰡣㻹ӻ磬֮ǰȻ뵽ûô͸ҸƽŴʥϲɮ濴Ҳôģ
ǰүΪʮŬűȫʯǵİΣǾͿؕDһˣôأҲ˵ģ⹦ߣɶ
С˵ֻѹҲ֪ڵεΣ
ɱǣҪ
չһֱΪؕDпܸԼ鷳ʵϾ貿飬ѾǴŭף
֨
ʯܲſˣͷ֮˿Ÿչɵ˳߸ͳ컹о貿ľʹʥټ
ʥϲʯŵʿ
չɿˣҲЩɵʵ
͸һӵı֮ɫʥǰ߸ͳ첻֪𣿡
չһӣԭһ˿ЦҲʧ˿̵һεĵ
죬Ƥһֱһֲõĸо
һʱ䣬ϰٺ˺ƺƵĳʯǵĳ˹ȥ
ֻǸչɵ˸ո߳ʱ򣬿ʯɱ˰Ŀ⣬һ
չɣߵʥϣԸ꣡
չǼ׵ģһ貿˿׵ķֱӹ
ֻǵС𿴵վڳ¥ϵ׵ʱ˫һһƨ˵ϡ




2134¸Сı
 

·
չɲδע⵽һԸСɫǸСľٶȴ˺ܶ˵Χۣ
һôͻȻ֮أ⿴ȥŵòᰡ
Ҫ֪Сܶ˶ʶģǸ߸ͳˣƽʱǽһŰ裡
ҲΪСݣԺܶ˶Ǹŭԣ
չɿǴƽĶӣҲʳةĶӡ
ĸΪة࣬λȨأ
ʯҲһЩǵˣȻĳȴûб仯
ҪǾؕDԹսĻչɿɾͲʯŵĸͳ죬ͳˣ
ˣСҲǺٻϰˣ
ʯű۸ɱɽѾҲˣǽŸչɵ壬˿۾áЩˣ
ȻЩ˸ȥˣǱչɸϡһĸŪȥˣ
ˣ
Сÿһ֮Ǳ䱾Ľб
һȥ˭ȥ״
״֪֮ȴȲ״ҪңҲϰ˱һﻹһʹ̰ˣ
ϣ
ЩʹҲѧϾиС̨ʲô
ʯţѾĶˣ
Ϊ˱ʯǣʼȡǷˣЩʹһȴͣ
ⲻò˵һּ˵ķˣ
С𿴵׺£ΪԼñλʥ΢˽õʱײˣ
⻹ˣ
оԼͷ뿪Լֻʱˡ
ղչɳıߣԼѾûĹˣ
ʯ򡭡
׿һվŵ·Ҳǳ
·һ׵ĻҲǱȭ׳ĩڣ
֮ǰ˭ڴʿļģҳ
ѾǿǸСֻҪ˵ô·˾ǱԼöˣ
Ǳ飬·һʱˣ
Ǻԥģֱߵ˸СĸǰʥϣǴˣ
ͨ
Сһŵֱӹ˵ϣסĳ׿ͷʥϣĩ֪ĩ֪ﰡ
һԵĸչɿŸСӣһͷˮĿǰľ
ԭΪλʥҪ˵飬ӦԼǿнؕDʯǵĻǴ֮顣
û뵽һȻìͷ׼Լ˸С
һԵλʲôʯ򣿴ССĽʵȻˣʲôʱ£Լô֪
չһãĿŸС𲻶ϵĿͷҲЩˣ
ЦһҲ֮ΪֱҴ׵棬Ȼ֪ޱ㲻ѯˣţն
ʥүҡ
СӵɵùԲû뵽⻰û˵ھѾǿˣ
ʥϣл˵
չһСӣҲǹʹһĶ˵
ʵϣ˱ŭӣ֪СӦǷˣ
ȴԼǸĶӣҪΪԼȡһѡ
СΪֻﲻⲻǸ߼Ҷ˶
˿̵ĸչվʵҪ˵һ£ˣ
߸ͳ죬£ɫĮʵ
ʥϣҵļūȻ֪ЩĵطԺһ̣ܽʥ
չɿףҲǹ
̣ܽˣЦԭһնɱһ˵Ȼ߸ͳվˣǱһ˰ɣţ£
׵ߣѾǳŸչɵķХ
չ۾ͭ壬ЩŵĿ׵ʥǺ⣿
⣿Լв𣿡Цһ
ʥĪҪɱҸչΪĬĬʮһա
չһӣľǱ˿Ӻһ㣡
׿ŸչɵıݣҲЦһΪСôΪͳ죬ȻԽ޴ңͳؕDڻǴ֮⣬ʲôΪ޲֪ʲô𣿡
ʥʱΣҲΪʯǿǡ
չǼԼļҲ¶һ֮ɫ
ЦһΪʲôƫƫȥʱѡѵֻ֪ǽ𣿡
ʱֻǡչԭõ˵ǣ˿ԼоЩ԰
׿һԵĸС޸һλᣡ
ҡ
СﻹвĵţȻϣԼȥˣ
׿ŸС¶һ˿΢Ц޿㲻ϣӦҲɣ
Сɫһ䣬˳˼֮У
ʥһ̫ݶ˰
׵ӣƺ˶ڿźϷΪǶо˵ʥƺĶŭˣ




2135նɱ壡
 

СϱĪ⣡
һԵĸչɲһѪˣû뵽ʥϾȻ㣡
Լ˳Լˣ
ʿˮҪŸС˵ʲôɸСѾǿˣ
ͨһµʥϣ˵

׵³һ֣øСѾЩεѵĸо
Сʥ˿۾úȡǷҲҼүŶǸչɵ⣬һССľʹôܹ
ˣ
չɵɫɷףЩҡҡ׹ĸо
һȻҳԼһʯŵ˳Լ
ȷ˿۾õԼ⣬ôҲû뵽ȻԼ˸ˡ
С
չ¶֮ɫЩܻĿŸС
ЦҪʯŵ棬Ⱦаܵͷ
֮ǰеЩʿУʵѾ˺ܶ࣡
ֻҪͨС˵ΪֻиС˵ĲΪŵġ
ǸչɸղŻΪС飬ת˲֮ѾǱ˸ˣ
ڳֱնɱ
չɻһ飬ԭҪвСĻֱӱӲĸȥ
ܹɱ˵ĻС¶Ѿ˲֪ٴˣ
Сɫŵ˵ʥϣҼүʳף⡭˾ڻǴ֮⣬Ҳ˵
û뵽߸ͳ쾹ȻҪѹֱ޿ˡ
ǰ˶ϧɺҵƴƴȴû뵽ںȻͶ
ԭֻΪ˿˿۾ãû뵽Ѿ޳ܵز˰
Ҫǲݰ
һʱ䣬ʯըˣܵĴ̼
Ϊ˴ףԡѪû뵽һȴ̣
˼Щ߸ϵˣѾ뵽Ͷ
ǽɹ˿أôҲ
Խ˿˵Խ˸оߣ
չԼ۾һѪһˡ
СҪԼΪ˻һѾǲֶˣ
չɣû뵽㾹Ȼѹ
ؕDֱӷȥŭޱȣ˿̵Щʯŵʲôأ
֪ʱˣŸչҲǵʵչɣ㻹кλ˵
ʥϣС˵ĻŰ
չŵҲǸϽ˵ʱ˭Ҫһأ
Ŀ¶׹ߣС֤ݣ
ʥС˵ĴָвٵʯǶǿ˿۵ľãСֻʮ֮һʣµĶڸߡչɵϡ
СΪ˻ʲô˵óˣ
չһߣ˵һҲЩĸо
ݣ
չɫձ䣬ԼϵһöָѾǲԼʹһķ˳ȥ

һ룬չɴָ֮еʯѾһԵȫʯ⣡
ѻɽ
˿һĻǾˣΪʯ滹˶ķ
ȻдʯרõȻǴ׻ʳĹ֮аʯ
֤ǰ
չѾûκοԵĿԣ
ЩʯֵʱһȻ̱˵ϣ
סĿͷģȴûһε̧Լĸƽ꣡
Ϊ̧֪ĻǣĿɾͲԼˣˣ
࣬Ȼ֤Ѿ㣬Ǳն˰ɣҪ³񿴿ȲҲ֮ˣǸʲô³
ײʵֻ֤Ǹ˿ģΪ۾Щʱӹ̻Ҫġ
׾ֱնɱչɣҲ̫˵ʲô
ֻñһӡײ
ҲΪʲôջѡó֤ɱ˵ԭ
չɾ˺ѷΣ֪ɱԼѾ޿ɸˡ
ؕDĳ֣ǸչѾǳ׵ıɱʯŵĸǰ
壡
һּ壬ͬǸʯһʣ
һԵĸСŸչֱӱĨɱҲŵú䣬꼰Լ
ײδնɱСֻʯţһܿͻᱻʯûˣ
Լأ
ΥԼŵԣЩʿǿ²ƹɣ
׿潫ʿһȺ鼤ӣ֪ԼһնɱչȶѾԼ󳹵׵ˣ
ʵϣҲǽһεĻᣬڹģ
ʱȣΪˮǣδ
ȻҲļˣһҪˮʲô״ĻҪźһˣ
һĹʯѾŤתǬ״ؕD˳ǵķ򼲳۶ȥ
һײδˣؕDү֮⣬֮˽ʯǣ




2136´׵ۺ֮ܣ
 

ǣ
ش׻ʳı࣬Ҳ׻ʳıŻ
ΧȺɽ֡޺ɣ
ҪĴӱִ׻ʳǱҪǵĴţǲſԳֱ룡
ԣٲȻΪ˱Ҫս
׻ʳʮʱ䣬ܹӲдʵϻǶ˵ʳµһЩ
⻤Ǵ󣬵ʳ˾޴ĴֵۣܹЩʮ֮õĸ
ˣ׻ʳͱлˣ
ǵıǱǴʳĵ̣
ʳڴ׻ʳʵʳҪ̫̫߳ˣ
ʳǵμλʳ۳ĳʳ֮һ
ʳĵ۾ѾǴﵽɵ۳ڵĲΣֻλɵһֱδֶѣ
Ϊʲô֮ǰؕD˵߶ڻرˮҲǣ
ʵΪΣĵطǣ
ΪԵĶ֣ҪʯǻжߵǻѹϺܶ࣡
Եģ۳ĳʳ֮һʳ
л֮ƣȴô׻ʳòֱңҲҿ⻤Ǵ󣬲ܹôάôã
ȻˣǴʳλ۾٣ɵۼʵ⻤Ǵò˶þͻᱻƣ
ɱ죡
ʱ޿̣ʳ˲ڹǣ
ŵܲ
һ˵ҲɫأǶˮϸǳֳ˽֮ɫ
޴ѹˮоһķƣ
ǻֶܼãԼҲ֪
֮ǰԼôʯѾǱˣ
ڵˮֻܹϣˡ
ɳȥһֱûκεϢϵϣˮЩȻ
ʺôȥĻǿʱ޶˰
ˮ֣ƽҲǳǱߣ֮һĨɫ
һ½ͳ죬ĴĴ֮׵ĳ峤ҲǹֵʺôȥĻ»᳹׵ļŭʳ
ͳһһͣ˶ǿóġ
Ҫ֪ҲǸųΪ׻ʳΪǿľ֮һŵͳġ
ˮһƣһԭΪҪ֣Ҫ룡
ԸΪ׵ˣÿ춼ڸԼͬ⣡
ô׻ʳ˳ʳ
Ⲣˮϣ飬׻ʳԼ˽ĻʳϣԼУ
ˮŸ˳ƽͳ죬ȾͲȰˣ֪ʥϵԸսҲԲͶġ
ʺǲͬ˰꿴ˮҲǳ
ƽǱ׷үѲ㻹Ҫѱ²ɣˮЩ̲סˡ
국˵ʶʱΪܣҴѾǱپͣʱ򻹿ԻطΣʳʵӹɰǿǣܺùʳĺðɣ
ǰƽԼǣôȥĻһƣǰ
ŸĻҲǸϽͷ
Ĵʳة࣬ԭھеͷǳĸߣ
ֻıȨˣڰƵת˼һεĻ
֮ǰʯǣǸչΪλˣôĵӣ
һеı¶λıƽڸ
ֻ겢֪Ѿˣ֪Ļ½һˡ
ߣλԸҴͬˮҲ͸λȥʳ
ˮŸ֮ҲǴһ˿ŭ
꿴ˮ̾һʺʳʹͨڸҽǢϣ
ƽ֪˵ʲô
ˮŸ꣬дһ˿ţ
국˵ʺ԰꣬Ӧȼһʹɣ˵սնʹǴܼܲһȶûаɣ
Ļˮ΢΢
Դ׵Ϣ֮Լ˵ҲЩһˡ
ֻû뵽һȻǰԼʳʹ̸
裡
Ϊ׻ʳĵۺоľһּȵĳ裡
¶һ˿Ȼݣ΢΢һЦʺʥټȫޣҴȺףôȥĻҴ׹Ĵʱɥ֮ȮǸʱǻʲôʸʳ̸أǺûᰡ
үԲӣ
ڸͳǱͱ˵ʱ
ˮԱվһˣòҲ֮ˣƺû̫
壬һӦ죿˭Ȩһˣ
츳ȷǲѾɻʾڵĸ֣ҲѧԺλǰĸ֡
ˮųվ˳Ҳ΢΢һ
ֻ˸һ˿ĹâѾо˵ıƹˡ




2137´ʹ
 

ܲ
ˮ浭֮оƽĺˮӽһ޴ʯͷ
걳ԼӴʳû뵽飡
һԵͳˮҲ֪ͬһˣ
˵ĻϾǸת
ЩһֱǼͣΪǸоʳ̣ǲӮģ
ˮ̬ǿӲŴԣǱˮǿƵĵȥˡ
һ׶ʱ䣬˱䱾
ƺЩΪ֪飬ˮȻҪԼһʹͼһ˳׵İɣ
壬㲻Ҫݣŭһ
ͳˣҳǴ׵ĳӣβǳ֮ˣȻġ
վˣŸͳһĵĮ
ʵϣһֱǰĽˮֻʵû뵽ˮȻ͸ʥϱ˫ˡ
ĳҲǿˮоԼֻҪˮ߾ͺˣ
ԣΪˮʲôˣ
ǳλҵ峤Ҳǲܲˣ
ߣҵȶΪ˻ʺ׺ãŴĳԣǺ⣿Ѳôٲ
оԼΪΪһˮУƽʵ̫ˣ
ɷΪΪʺﶼͬλѲɲӦ빲𣿡尺ͷ
ҴǴʳĶ𣿼ʥ⣬Ҳͬҵ˵İɣ
⣬ǴʳĶ
ʵϣѾ˹˳ʳĴˣ
ֻҪѣϾʳǱ߻û̫ż
һ׶ʱ䣬ʳƺҪǶԼĴߴҲǸӵżһЩ
Ҫ֪ʳŵ˸֮λŴӦʳ˵͵İ
ϾһսĻʳ֮սǴӮˣҲǷǳġ
ܹѪеĻʱʳƾ˸ʵ
ʥ̰
󵨣㾹ȻҶүš
׼ᣬֱӺң׼³壡
ˮ˿壬Ҳ֪ûа취ΪʳǿǲҪ˵ġ
ˮڻĲϣ⣬Ϊ֪׵Ը
һŭףǿĶ֣˶ġ
ų˽£ˮһˣȻүͳͳñһʳʹǱӦǱǣ
ʺʥ
һˮӦˣҲ˷ܵ˵ǳ壬ʵѹҲ
һˮӦˣ̵ʺ򲻿ɰһ֮ĸλ磬ǱС裬ǿҴ֮谡
ʦ֣Ҫġ
ˮ˵һζĻ֪˲ĿĲݵġ
Ҫͨһε鳹׵ĸʳѣ
սΣˮܶǰѾˣΪҲյϢ
ȻһֱǱһ˿ϣսµĲ룬ˮоϣڽʧ
֪׾ԲܿԼ߿֧Ųܵġ
׳ô飬Ѳײ֪
ǳˣһ뵽ߣˮϷǴһ˿ĵݣ
ø˶оһĹ죡
ȻˮѾӦˣǵĻˡ
Ϊһǵˣǿɲһ˰

ʳ۾ӣҲǴʳһĳţ
Ѿɻʾڵʱﵽɻʾ֮󣬸Ǳʳ۾׷
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һֱˮȤҪ֪Ǵʳ۾ĶӣҲô򵥣
Ҫ֪һݣǱǴʳϽŵͳ죡
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ȴһԸˣһεǹƥǰ׻ʳҲһԸı֣
ΪϽŵͳ˧Ȼֻߣʵ̫һЩ
ʳʹ
Ÿƺ׼һĳŵܲ
ϴһ˿ƵᣬһĨƮݣ˴˵ţ
ӭʿĿ⣬ĻԼеȣһԺеİԵ
ţ
ȵţ
ˮһ˵ʱ֪˾Բǵ֮
ֻˮһ̣ҲЩסˣ




2138
 

ŵܲ
Ŵʳľ˿ȥ߹
ˮŴˣҲһɲõԤУȻĶѰܹ֮ġ
˵ͷԲС
Ҵ׻ʺ󻹲¹򣿡
ˮĴˣͳѾǰ״̬ΨгܹΪˮͷˡ
ǹ˼ˮӣ¸ͳͽŪˣ
ʺǣʥϵǺø
ˮҲ
ˣ
ʵϣһɫ֮ͽһŮ˸Ȥ
ˮΪۺ󣬱ʷǷټò֮϶ΪһԳɶõһ棡
ܹһ۾ͱˮˣܴһԭΪĽϣ
󵨿ͽ
ߣǰΪ˴׵ѺãǺˣҲ˵
ǳʳֱ̬óסˣ

ЦһǺˣҴ׵Ĺ֮ϣβɣ
ˮһһԵĳȻǴʳʹǱô˵ɡ
ʺȻǵĺܣȻǱҲͲˡˮ¶һ˿Ϊ˵Цݵ
ֻЦˮиֵһᣡ
ܹǣˮҲֻˣ
ˮ֮оȻһ˿ռеҲ˵˵˵˭˰ɣҴΪ£
ʺλǴʳ
һԭΪ϶ǲ֪Լݡ
һһһ䱾һ䱾ģƲѣ
Ѿֱӱ¶Լ
Ǵ׻ʳļеԸһĻǵʱһΪ˽ֵأ
Ҳ֪սնʹĵ
ƺԼʵذɣ
ˮ΢Уֻ֮ҲһƬκˣһﻹŵúܰ
Ȼ֪ģսôʱ䣬˧˭ܸ㲻
ʳϽŵͳ˧ʳ
ֻˮҲû뵽һĵ֮
ǲ֪һ޴ˣ
ˮЦһԭĵӵǺܴͲ±𣿡
ʺﻹ˵ЦˣʹףȻΪ˴׺ãŻʺҲ֮ͨ˰ɣҴʳ۱ȴҲͿ̿
һ˵ӣ˵ȴһԸͰ
Ҫ˵Щʲôʵ͵λһﲻԵȡ
ˮҲֹһε˵ȻˣǱ˵˵Ǵʳνɡ
ʺȻǱ֪޲޲ˣһҵĴʳϣ׻ʳܹ˳
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ˮ񵭵˵
ˮΣҴ׾սһһ䣬Ǿ޿ܳΪʳĸӹ
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ˮҲǱԽԽˣ
ˮɫѿ˼㣬֪ʱ֮٣
Ա߻иͳڳвʰ
ˮݽıƽ𣿡
׹˳Ҵʳ֮һȻͺ˵ˡһССҪ󣬲֪ʺɷһ£
ˮҲ¶һ˿Цݣ
ˮʮֵƢʵ£Ľ鱾ȻúõĿǡ
ʺﾪΪˣǻʺԸ¡
ӾЩ޳ˣŵܲһ﹫ȻĵϷ׵ĵۺ
ǶԴ׵һּµ谡
֮ǰˮѾĻڼûлͷ·ˣ
һ˴Ҳŭһţ£
䣡
廰δ䣬ȭͷѾǳ˳ǰ
ǿƳ֣ûκεף
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ѾǷ˳ȥпѪ
ĳ˹ȥЩͷҲص˵ǰóӭȢʺģ
˿ɵ
ͳ˵û˸ʱǰֹ뿪
ˮ˿Ѿǻ֮Ѿǳκ;




2139ǰ
 

ڶ磡
⣡
ˮվڻǴڣǿľɫ쳣ѿ
һԵĸͳûʲô仯ƺԤϵһУ
죬֮ˮһֱ
˴ˣȴ޿κΣ
ȱ֪ˣ
˿̣ĺף֪ڴˣԲԼ۸ġ
ڣˮѾ֪׿Ѿˣ
һУˮѾǾ͸
裬ȴһ˿ϣǾԼ˻š
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ˮܲôˣһֱΪ׻ţҲȥΨһĶ
ĶûˣôŻʲô
ڣ
ˮ˿ҲǾˣ
ıƣһʧľ
⣬ԼүΣȥ߹ޱȣ
˿ߣֱվŽٷεӣȥ
ͳ죡
Զ¥֮ϵˮҲ¶һ˿Цݣ
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үѾ׼׵ǡ
ͳʵϽŵĸͳ죬ʵ֮ϡ
ֻΪǴʳ۾Ķӣ磬Ҳòмӣ
ɹ֮УǿǷ𱰵ģ
Ȼ׼ˣǱ汾ȥɣ·ȥޱȣ
ͳ쿴ӣҲһƣ
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ȻڸзĻʺףֱ˵һľ˰
һ˵սܳľģ
ộǵһȾ
Դʹ֮ǻһһ鶼˺ܶࡣ
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һ˻ͳһʿ̧ŵĶǵ·߹ȥ
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Ȿһׯµ飬ʳȻǰۺ󣬶һȴֻܹ۰Ͱ͵Ŀţ
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ͳǳ֮ŭһʳϽŸͳ¾֮Уǰף׻ʺĲǴˣ
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ʵϽŻǶ֪ôһ¡
Ͼ鲻ܴģοڽս׸Եûޱˣ
ʲôүôǴ׵Ļʺأ
һкϷ˰үȻ뵽һУ
ϱıΪϣһйȻǺݶޱȰ
ٺ٣׻ʳ浱ԼǸʲôѸʺܹ޸˱ĸ
Ͻţ˿̱һ޼ɵЦݣ
ԭʱ࣬һѾʧӰ٣
ǳ֮ϣˮɫɷףûܹ˵裡
Ǵ˿̣˭ܹȥһսأ
˶ǿˮ񣬵ۺ裬ܶཫҲΪܣƽͳͳûһ㣡
Ҳֻܹ£ȻҲ֪Լ˸ǴʳĶ֣
¾ɿǵĳ¥֮ϣԴ˵׻ʺͬⲻͬҲ仰׾ûһѵ˳ظ𣿡
裬µ裡
¾һ仰Ѿˮ񣬸ǧǧŵĽʿ
Ըս
ҲԸ⣬ҲҪһЩ
Ըȥƴһ
һ̣ŵЩЩվסˣǸͳûκεĶҲ¾һս
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һȵߣʳǿ׳ܹģ
ˮˣʱͳȻ˵Ļǵлд
¾·Ц˼׿ǵͷڹ굱ϰ˰ǵĻʺ󶼿үСˣȻôס˭һս
ڳ¾ɿЦֹʱǵĳ⣬һӰ뵽˵֮У
˶ĿͶͨΡͷҵӣһɻ󡭡




2140´ףף
 

⣡
һθӻĴԶ˳ݵսϣͻȻһɵˣһɻ
¾ɿˣҲЩɻ󣬲Ǿĵȴţ
Ҫһﵽ˭
ಽ
ÿһ˶оҪ鷢ˣ
ߺˣ
¾ЩܲգǼһŸɫװβǣ
Ҫ֪սͻȻôһֵˣ˶Ҫ֪˭ˣ
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Ӱ
ϤıӰ
ˮӰһ̣һεĲ
˵˲Ϥ׵ıӰĻôʵ̫Ϥˣ
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Ͼ֮ǰѾǵõϢϷ۳
ֵˣʼվþף
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¾ɿ˸ԼҲЦһͳ㣬Ǻˣ
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׻дѵ˰СӣǱͳΨһܹϵĴ׵ˣǸűͳ졭
¾ɿףǱСӵ۷ˣ
һϽţȻ˵ĵȻ׻ʳû뵽вİ
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׵һ˿ݾܾζƺ¾˵һƵ֮ϣ
ֻϵӣúܶ˶һľ㵣
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˭˵أҸҴʳţ
ҴĻԼ𰡣һǸͷڹ꣡
ǣʺˣҳŸƨװëĴβǣޣ
£Ͻŵ˳Ŀף
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ѰЩʳܹ֮У
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ҲǴʳһֱûжԴ׻ʳ̫ģ
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ֱǸЦ
ףܹóһɻʾڵĸ
¾ɵȻ֪׵ʵͨĻʳҪǴʳȣôܱȵأ

һڳ¾ɵĶߺХ
֮Уһ޵Ĵֱ϶
ǵ޵ӡҪ¾ɸһ㣬η
¡
¾һоԼͷ̩֮ɽѹһ㣬һ˿ĸо
ҲŵøϽ뿪Լսһ룡
ԼսѾǱĵķ飬ԱߵЩ̧߲λʿѾǰһ֮ҷ
ͷ·Ǵû̧һ
̾ѣ
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׳һһˣȴû뵽ʵȻ˵ǿᣡ
͸ղһ¾ɫѾҲǱˣ
Ҫ֪ͳǿɻʾڵǿ֪߰˵ʵԲɻʾڰ
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һӴԼλվʵ㵽˭Ȼƻĺ£ǻ˰ɣ
ףף
׿ĽҿԼĶң¶һӣ




2141°
 

࣡
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ףף
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أ
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¾ɿӣ֪һ£Ҳ䲻źˣ
Ϊʲôڵĳ¾ֻлɽһ·ߣ
ܳ£Բܳ£
ݣ
Ű
¾Ѿûκε·Ψնɱ˲ܹȫԼ
ȻҪޱȫ㣡
׵Ĩһ˿мЦݣЩ׵ˣԼŮ˵ˣϧ
¾ԭΪԼʵЩ࣬Ҳǲ಻
ɵеĽðʱ˳׵ıˣ
ɵǿߣ
¾Թ˵һһ̼ǳ׵ķ˵ֿ
һ֮¾ǿֹĽת˲֮Ѿû˶ĳ¾ɣ
Ǽһﻹ֪׷ʲô飬ѾǱ׵Ľ˺ѵ䣡
¡
¾ɵȻأ
˿̵ҲһϢ
ڿű׳ײڽµϽҲǳ׵±ˣ
޴۾֮ڴͶϸǣĶӱûлϣʳޱ֮
׵һݻ׵Ͻű
ǵͳ˧˲ڽ£ͳ˧Ҳδ
һѾȺף֪Ӧô죿
Ѳǿ
ǿĻôǵүӶȥɣ
Ͻ糱ˮһȥתͷų֮ϵ˶˹ǳ¥֮ϣʾڣ
ף
׶Ȼ˺ùʳ׻ûлᷢأû뵽ʳȻѾǣ
׻ʳʱͼˣ
˿̣ǵĳŴ󿪣ˮһĳ˹ȥ




2142˻ϲ˳
 

ס
ˮһ˵׵ĻУɲ֮ˮ
һ̣ĵίƺΪУʣµľ漣ֵľ޴ϲá
׻ţԼ˻ţ
ڵˮбϲõ
ֻҪ׻ţ鶼ˣ
Լ裿ܹ׻ţҲֵõģ
ĸˮ㷢ĿˮԲ񣬿ˣ
ͺã
ˮһףгҸζ
һ̣·ȴ꣬ȴַ·ǰ
׻վĸǰ˿Ψһָ᲻˵İ
˽ӵһ
ʮŵĴôλδııºͻʺط꣬Ҳȣ
֮еʥϻˣһ˵ǿƣ
ǸעһǿļԭΪǵʥϻҲôʳô
Ǵˣʥϻع飬ңǱһ˸ӵľ
ߵ£Ը꣡
ͳ˴˿ɫҰףǿ׻֮˾˪һ㣬û
ʵҲѹ֣ԭΪѾˣ
ǻΣܹǴʳĶ֣ʵ̫͹ˡ
ȥô꣬ѾǵǱǸףὫһĻʳУ
ʳĸǰֱǸѣ
׿һ۸ˣ΢΢һЦƽͳͳˣȻ۹ͣ
ʵϣ׸֪浽׷ʲô飡
ͳ˵ɣҲһŲ֪
֪ĻһҲˣ
ˮʱط£׻ˣԺԺ˵ˡ
ڲ˵ȴű˲˵
֮ǰˣҲǼִ˳˽ĳ֮ϡ
ˮͳ¾裬޲ֱɱȥԼˮһһεסˡ
бжôıˣ
ֻû뵽ȹؼʱ̣ʥϾȻعˣҿ˵Ѫع飡
ʥϸղŵӣⱲӿ¶ǲˣ
ʵ̫ǿˣ
ʥϣĩб࣡
岻˵ֱ㶵Ĺ׵ĸǰ
ôһһԵĸͳнǿһ£˵ɫ˲ˣ
󵨣ʥϸոջʲô鲻ܵȵ˵
ƽǺôղŻʺʱôûмôأߣ
֮г˼֮ɫ
һ˳ĻųʵǺˣ
ףѧԺʦ֣壡ΪֱҶԴĹҲǳ۵ɣ
ˮԭҲҪȵлڸײ飬ǼȻˡ
ҲԹԽ׻ˣǳ˵˵ˣ
ֻˮ⼸仰ѾԶ
ĭҲЩĿס
׿ų¶һ˿Цݵʺй޶۹֪͡к²ܵ޻ȥ˵
ʥϣʺǱǴ裬購Ȿ쾭顣ûЭôܽڣôлô׵ۺأ
һη
ųҪ¶ǣҲŭһ壬ݵú
Ϊ׳ӣȴһŴʳôǵƽжٴȰʺ˳ʳߣ
忴ų͸꣬üԵ
ƽ
׿Ÿ꣬ĿҲǽ䣡
ԼֻǳȥʮĹû뵽Ѿĸʧ͸
ڼ䣬ҲӿֳһЩҳ
ǰλʵҲǲҶڴ׿ȥҲĹ⵹Ҳһο
֮вܹ飬֮Ҳһ
ʥϣҵֻǹ˼ʳ΢Ųѳ²ߣҴǿѪɺӰ
꿴ףҲŵôҴ
һԵĳҲǹڵϣԵ÷ǳĺ£
֮ǰһ˳¾ɵĻ棬˿̻ǵĸǰϵ˸ţ
ǿɻʺڵǿ߰
ʥһвһɱˣȲбΣһ˿˿ķͷ˲
׿ˮʵǱˣ
ˮԥһţǰɣǹ˼ҵݣ¡

ͳ׵ķ˹Ǵ˿ɫҲѿ˼㣡
ն
׿Ÿͳûκε֮ͬģ
ЩǿԭµģЩעǲԭµģͳԭǴʳˡ
׾֮ǰǸ
ΪˮĻԼԼ
ᣬȻҪúõˣ
Ÿͳǿ캰صӣû˿ԥһԵˮƺҪȰοһջǷˣ
׳ǵ˹ȥ˿Ѿǽڣ




2143´۾
 

ŵܲ
ԭѹֵʧȡ֮һƬ֮

ѾǽؕDȥ˿ֻǹŸˮˣ
ܲ㡭ôҵ׵İ̫˰
ˮռܲҲ¶һ˿ĵЦݣ
ۣ
ʲôӿĵ
ˮԼ첻Ѳ׻ţټ
ϲŰ
ռܲˮʱҲǰˮһӵ
ôˣһεĿˮ߳ȥˣһԼĽã
ܲأ
ŮһߴߴľͿʼ̸⵹һԵ׸оЩƣ
ΤϦܿı뵽Ⱥ֮УڵԽԽӦԼŮ˵ˡ
ֻԽ˽ףľһǸĴܲ
ˮûг£׵ҲǷˣ
׵Σǳ׵ĽˣĿǰҲֻж߻ս£ߺͱߵսѾǱǿѹ
ҪǴһʱ䣬Ҫʳ׵ĳΪʷ
ף
Ǳֻ·һ
ǿƻع飬ҲؽǳΪ۳֮µĵһ󳬼ʳ
ĿǰҲ֪Ҫ۳Կûʱ
۳ҪסԼͷѾûлˣ
֮
ԭַǷǣ˿ҲԵΪĽţ
ΪڵսŽһε𣬶һδʳĵ۾սѾǱٳ£
꣡
ʳĵ۾˿ԼĶӱ˵ǵĳ֮ϣҲ¶˷Ȼ֮ɫ
裡
һʳ˵ǳеĳ裡
оǣССĴ׻ʳȻԼݽͶ飬ùΪʳĴΪǵĸ
ԿôҲû뵽ûеµĴ׻ʳȻŵ˵ĵز
ǵĳ֮ϣײδǰֻ߽顢ֿݺؕDԼļλŮ˶ѣ
ʳѹλ׵۾ף˿ûκεĻ֮ɫ
ף޹
Ѿ¶һ˿֮ɫʹ֮оͿóķŭ
꣬Ĺ𣿡
վڳ֮ϣһƵģ
ɵ۳ڣԼ̲ˣ
ȷڻʳ֮УܹӵɵۼѾǷëˣ
˵İ裬Ȼĵġ
׻һһ֮۵׳ٴһĶеĻͲô˵ˣ
ʶʱΪܣ
Ϊڲ֪Щ飬ܵΪԼһλɵۼǿ߻һʳĵ۾
ƿСȻҶ˵Ͳ´ͷֻҪһ£֮ͽɷ棡
꿴ףҲŭһ
׿꣬һЦԣǶˣĴʳûзĻˣ
ʥϻŵĺܰ۳Ϊ㻹ܹлȥϣ޸㣬һףǴة˼Թ־ܣ޻ܹһᡭ
꿴ףҲ̧һ
ة࣡
Ȼ֪ģةǶ۳ة࣬λȨأ
ʵ׸ةȻûм棬ǸԼǼġ
һ뵽ة࣬׵üͷҲ
ةƺ۳ǣĹϵֻⶫ۳˻ڹ
ة˵Ҫ˴׻ʳĻ׷˺ܶ࣡
۳Ŀܣ׻ʳ۳ܴ֣Ͼ𶫷۳ĵƣ
۳Ҫͨةѹ׻ʳ˴׻ʳĻһоͱüˣ
ֲʳͻȻ׻ʳĻ־Ȼة࣡
뵽ͻȻȥоһжھİŵġ
ĿģΪ׶찡
ةΣ꣬ٸһλᣬǴʱͶ޻㲻
װޱߵ˵˿֮Ѿһɱ⣡
˴ףǱҪбľ
Լ֮ˣǵԼĿӵȷһЩ
ֻûʱڳԸǴةѣ
ʳ׽һбʳʼɣ
ǾƲԳԷ˰޽յҪܹ۳̫Ӷֵˣǲʵ
Ϣ
׸۳ǲ٣ֻ֮ȴûл֮
۳ة³׵ʵ֪ģ
³ʵɵ۳۷壬˾ͲֻӴܣ³׵ʵȻһЩȴҲô⣡
һܹ˻
οıǶ۳Ĵةڳĵ֮һ




2144֪ηĴ۾
 

£
Ӳ׵Ҳֿһ˿Ц
˵ͶͶʲôϵأ
ͶֻʡȥһЩ鷳ѣǲͶԼԲһˣ
ױôãҪһʣ
ɸҳһսŴ׵ôͷڹ꣬ỹҪôȥɣ
꿴ףҲĨһ˿м
ھҪ̼ףԼսֻҪնɱһ׾͵Ƿֱˣ

Ȼܶ࣬궮ѲɾͲ
׸Ҫ˵һԵˮΪǵĿ׵ףǡǸʳĵ۾ɵۼǿ߰
ˮ֪׵ʵɵۼǿѾϵĴˣ
һԵΤϦռܲ˿ȥûʲô
ˮؕD˵ıЩŤˣ
ǰʥϣɵۼǿ߿Ǹɻʼǿ߲һǿֲĳ̶ȡ
ؕDףʵҲ벻ͨʥϵ
һԵΤϦٺһЦɶһɵ˵ӦС˼ɣ
С˼⡭⡭
ؕDΤϦһĿɿڴ
ɵۼС˼ĸİ
оԼһƬĽҲ̫˰
ˮΤϦҲһɻʵϦã㡭֪˵ʲô
һԵռܲ㣬Ϧ˵û
ܲã⵽ô°
ˮЩˣǿɵۼǿ߰û뵽һɾŸոմﵽռܲȻôţ
Ҫ֪ˮ׵ʵҲ˿ֲľأ
뿪׻ʳʱʲôʵ
ЩЩͻƣɲŹȥʮʱ䣬ͻأ
Ѳھܹɵۼǿ߿ˣ
ܣԲܣ
ˮо췽ҹ̷һ㶼ţ
Ǻǣ֮ǰǿϷ۳λɵۼǿߣһ꣬ʲôأ
ΤϦǼˣɵۼǿߣǼ嶼вٸ
˵Ҳϡƽĺܣ
ˮؕD˵׻ûм̫棬˵ʵ˵ɵۼǿˣɻںڵǿߣҲÿֲ˹ˣ
ۣ⡭Ҳֲ̫˰ɣ
ؕDĿɿڴĿΤϦһԵˮҲǾͶϲ£ˡ
̫ˣһǿʵ̫ˣ
ۣ
ǲλɵۼǿǿֱĴڰ
ģǿɶ֪İҪȻҸǽ
ΤϦˮؕDһĺȻӣҲǹЦ
֮ǰϷ۳ʱΤϦϢҲ𾪵Ըӣ
ֵģˣǿΪˬ
ʥ֮ǰ޵Ͷôվ˵仰ûˣ׻ʳ޿Ժ͸ΪҰֻʳˣ
ΤϦҪڽ֮ǰ׵˵׳٣ֻʱŰˣ
׾þòػΪ׺ˣ
֮еĴ̼һεļˣײһ㣡
⡭Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ΤϦӣҲŭһ
׿˿ΤϦЦŵҪ񣬲һҸоǺõģѲͲΪʲôͶ飿
ҹΪԼʵԺ׻ʳˣˮףҪȥĻҲСһЩȻ
ǰСʻ괬ռܲһҲѵ
һţھȥˣ
˵ע֮УҲǴǵĳ֮ϻķ˳ȥ
˿̣
ǶڹעܶཫѾǾۼǵ࣡
ǿĴʳĵ۾˰ʱҲпһ£
ΪǸоԼҵʥƺû̫İ
ʳĵ۾Ҳ̫˰ɣȻڮҴף
ǰʥϵʵ²д˰
δأ֮ǰϽŵĸͳ¾ɣǿƵɻʺڵǿ߰ʥϵĸǰҲô£
ʳĵ۾ǿɵۼǿ߰
ǰɵۼǿߣǿɲһܹǵİףʥϳȥˡ
һ˿ײδ˵ǶǺˣ
ʱǵҲΪƣ˵Ļ֮ǰʹͳ¾ڿǸЦ
Ϊײҳȥʱû뵽λ׵۾ĬľȻһһ˳ȥ
𣬴ʳ㲻ˣ
û̫ʱϴŵֻһŵЦݡ




2145սɵ
 

𣬴ʳڣ
һ仰ѾǱ׵̬ȣ
仰ҲǱһŭ֮
ʮ㣡
׵۾ı̬ҲǳһѪڵĸо
Ȼǵ֮ҲһĵǣôĻʳ֮У˭ܹ˵Ļأ
Ӳ񣡡
꿴ףݽӲ
ԼѾǹˣû뵽һ֮Լ˿ѶãѹԼһͷ˼
ݣ
ĽѾǳˣ
λ۾һ̣յľսһս;δ׻ʳʹʳˣ
˭ʤ˭ǱǴ׺ʹʤ

Ϊɵۼǿߣĳ־ɽӣ
һĨʺĹâѾǳ׵ķ򼲳۶ȥգ֮Ѿ׵ĸǰ

׵ΧĽ
ײһɾǿǻ
׵ΧµһƬѾķѣ
һУܹ˵ĶҲʿͬʱһ
޵Ҫֵܼʱ
üͷһû뵽׾ȻӲԼһҲ¶һ˿Ц
裡
ӰڿǺò֣
ʵǵһĸɵۼǿ߶ս֮ǰ۵׳Ȼǿᡣ
ȴǾֿݵǿѹȣײ˳նɱ˶ѣ
ڵ꣬ʵǴһ״̬
ڣ
ŭһĽһŵһ㣬˲Ʈ׵ĸǰ
ʺĻ׵ΧϵĸѣƺҪ׸һ㣡
֮
׵ΧһεѾγɣ˿ٿ꣬ĳƺһ£
ݵĳͣսĸѾЩת䣡
ݲȣ
еķɽָӵָӰһ㣬ڿķɽϵĶţ
¡
һڿвϵը죬һηĸо
ɵۼǿߵĶ
ǰɻʾ𾳵ǿǿǰĳҲһľ
ֲ̫ˣ
ΨһܹĴǻֺѾ˳׵壡
ιɣ
ɫѿĽϵڼǿԵ࣡
񹥹ҲӿֳһĨƣ֮ɫ
ģսپĴ㳹׵ĻΪУ˿ǰһ
ʵû뵽һﾹȻǿȵز
ԽԽѾûκε·ˡ
һԼʧˣʳ͵ǻԼУǱдة֧֣أ
ةԶڶ۳ΰԼ
ʳҲһܹﵽ˵ľ磬һɻʾ˳æ
ûκε壡
֪׿ֻܹһܹվһƬˣ
֪׵۾ôֲĻԲô嶯Ĺġ
ߣʥϹȻЩ£Ϊ޵ȫʵ޵ģ
ΪɵۼǿߣûһЩֶΣ
ˣ
һâѾǶһɽ
Ʒɽ
Ҳüͷһʳ۾ȻܹӵмƷɽ⵹ҲЩĿ࿴ˡ
˵Ҳʲô˵飬ΪԼҲмƷɽˣ
ֻû뵽ȻҲУ
ߣЩ۹⣬ںѾǳˣ㳹׵ļŭޣ
ֿһĨɭЦݣΪɵۼǿߣȻҪԼǿԼû뵽ġ
ǣ޵սƷֶһĶֻǵһЦ
ǼƷɽΣղһֱڿһѾЩǿ֮ĩˣ
ȻһҪƴһžˣ
Բѣ޵Ҫνס޵һֿһĨ̵Цݣ
֮УɫƺЩ
ж˺ܶĵҩһԵֱӵԼУ
ܿ죡
һɹۿɼٶȲϵĳ߾ۼ˲佫
˻
һڵڿǽ˻֮
ΪԲģΧһƥγɵľ֮УһɼȱŰϢ
ģս̬˸оһ棡
ģ
꿴ףбһ˵ľ⣡
һ̣˾ǳŵڵһ㣬ٶȻҪϲ٣׵ķѹȥ
һУƺԼЩԼԦ
쳾
һ룬׵ѾǺֱӱ˵ǵĳǽԵ
Ѿ޿ˣ




2146նұ
 


һ֮вϵĽ
ڿбŷһײΪĴ̶
׵ϸֳһĨ֮ɫҲǸоһѹ
Ȼɵ۳ڵǿߣû뵽ǿ֮ĩʱ򣬾Ȼܹŷ˵ս
ȻЩ͹һʵһԵЩִӦսˣ
ݣ
ʱ׵֮Ѿǳ˼ѪۣסҪλĻľˣ
ƷɽĹȷǺޱȣ
еնɽǿޱȵĻԼҪ⽣ˣ
ɼ׿ȥҲʵǱ
ܲ
һһֵĽɽһĳ׵ķ򲻶ϵѹ
һֲĲݵĸо
Զĳ֮ϣ
ˮҲǽĿ׺֮ԾԿóǷǳĽţ
״·磬ǣ˺ܶ˵ģ
ֿݵ̩ɽһĿǰľһԵΤϦȻֿ֪ݵʵġ
Щ֧ŲסӣΤϦҲЩˣ
㡭ǸϽȥæ
ΤϦֿݣҲһе˵
鿴ŽŵļŮˣҲЦŵİɣʦʱˣǿأ
ֿһҲǵͷ겻ķѣ˵ʵҲǿԣҪնɱʥϣǲ˵㣡
˶ǳ֣ǼѾǽһ͸ˣ
棿
ΤϦЩŵĿֿݣȻղŵѾʧˡ
һԵˮǺ飬ȻǣĻҲ΢΢ˣ
ˮ飬㡭ɵÿŵ㰡
İɩӣܿʦȥ𣿿϶ûµģŵ˵
Ȼˣɽûг⼸ŮϵôĽš
֮⣡
ѾǵֵסֵĽڿףϰûһ·ģ
ʱʱ䣡
׿ȥЩƣʵĿ࣡
󣬰ʳĽʿԼĵ۾ͣҲŭѣ
ѾһƬϢģ
ƺڵȴԼ۾ʧܵһ̵Ľ٣ÿ˵϶ֳһĨ֮ɫ
ˣôǻ
ಣ
֮׵ǰķ񹥻
Ȼȥ˲ᣬԼ֪ܶ಻Ƥ˶ѣûܵʲôʵԵ˺
˾޴
ĴɱԼҪ
ߣӦֵ˰ɣ
׵δ˿Ѿǵ󣬵ոתһɲǣ
Ҳǳ˾֮ɫ
ķ˾޴ԼǿһջûнСӸնɱ
ƺǲôһ˿˿оЩŹ֣
ѲԼʵ𣿿ɸղŵһսܸ֮оһƬЩ죡
ԼĹٶȣ֮ǰƺҪһģ
Ϊɵǿߣ䶴ȻҲ쳣ֻǵʱǿһҲѾǹˣ

ڴڵĴŴ˿̿ȥҲЩ߳ŭĸо
Ȼˣǰһһֿ־壡
ˣ
֮䣬ԭĹⱻһĨڰȡ
׵һ޴ĽѾϿջγɣ·еһ㣡
һǿѹ֮ϵĿʼӣ꣡
ͷƤ飡
оԼһѣ۾ҲյĹԲ
ֻҪôѣȴ޷׵ʶ
֮
׾һе񣬾ɵǿΣ
ȫע
˿̵ʿˮԼеף
Ըоõ֮еǿֲѹǵ޵ĽɢĹâ
һ˿Ϣȴָһĸо
ֻһһѾ͵
䣡
һֺĽ׵ĸǰɢķֱӺȥ
ԣһϸ΢Ľ·ǻߵʿһ㣡
мһ
ȫʢ״̬µĻһĲܹ̫˺
ɸղŵѾǺķ˴ȻҲ˲٣ɱ֮껹ǱȽϺõģ
ֻһȻûȫʢʱڵȴҲ
ֲĽɨգ
ӲͷƤὣ֪ѾǱ޿ɱܣΨӲˣ
һ˲䣡
ӳ֮γһѤĻ⣡
һ룬ֻһɨȥһ㣬ʧʣ
գ֮ĹһֵĹѾǽˣٿѾЩҡҡ׹ˣ
ۣ
˿ѾǷ˳ȥԭֵļƷɽ˿Ѿ֮У
ٿֱ֮꣬ǱնϵұѾǱ׷һĨɽɱˣ
˻
һʱ䣬Ƿһ˿֮̾




2147Σ
 

նұۣ
һſһĻҲǱһŭ֮
֮ǰѹ֣õһּµͷţ
Ǵ׵ʥϣһչֳ˳ǿʵ
ޱȣ
У
ķƺһ̿ʼˣ
˽û뵽ѾǱ֮ʥϣ˿ܹŷ˵ս
һ˲䣡
ǻޱȣ
۶ʳľţһĿɿڴƺԸʵһ㣡
ݣ
˿֮г˺Ȼ֮ɫֱͣӳԶȥ
ܣ
˿ֻ֣Ǳܣ
ʧȥұ֮ﻹ˼һս
ԭѾû˶ٵ˿֪սȥĻҪˡ
ˣ
һǺˣ
ǵǴةĻҲ䵽ز
кҩأ
׿ܣҲǷһ˿˿Ц
ܣܵ𣿡
Цθķʧ˵֮У
ʳнʿһ̶±ˣ
ʥˣܵôļܵô⧲
Ӧôأ
꣬ǱǴʳĹǣ׶ڴ׻ʳҪһġ
ѾӾ·ˣЩʳĽʿһ±Ҳ̫ˡ
ʳȥδӣ֪һ𣬴ʳľͲˡ
˶ǿʧķһ
ƺڵȴһ
һĹǵԶ֮УһεıŷһҵĽɱ
ܿ죬ǱߵսƺѾˣ
һεĿһӰһһϢ֮˻صϿյʱ򣬴ʳǱѾǳ׵ıˣ
ǳ֮ϣ
ͳ¾ɴ˿ѾǴһּȵľ֮У
ԭǿֵʱ򣬶ǼԸˣΪǿϣ
ǵһռϷʱͳ¾ɸоеһͷųˡ
أɥ֮Ȯһı׸˻
ָоͳ¾ɼһϲˣ
ǰľͳ¾ɶĬĬı۾֪ʳһ̺Ȼˣ
ʳλʿ޷Ǻɱ֮ˣʳ׻ʳսңһ޲ǣǹ˳Ҵףޱ֮ǲӣ͹ֲˣ
׵쳹ǵϿգ
ЩʳĽʿҲûκε·
ܿ죬һ˹֮ʳǱߵĽʿѾϤ¹

˶֪Ǵ˿̻λǿ˹ĴʥϵĻʳѪɺˣ
˭ûˣ˭
ΪʳսΪ׻ʳսʲôأ
꣡
ʳǰｫʿɽХһĶߵ׵ʱһѾǳ䶨ˣ
ؕDҲǴӳϷԿó˿̵ؕDǳļ
׵İͼˣ
ҿɲһ󣬴ʳǿǼڴ׻ʳ
˵ĴһԾѾΪ˶۳ĳʳ֮һˣȽٶʵĿɿڴˣ
ϲʥϣ
ؕDһĿףȷֵùϲ
׿ؕD¶һ˿ЦݵΪˣȹѺ˵ɣģ࣬ģձʳɵ÷ѵİ
ϳԸѵģؕDҲǰ뿪Ц˵
׿ؕD㽻ˣ޴ʺǻش׻ʳˡ
ϳּͱ£
ؕDҲ¶˼֮ɫһ뵽ʳѾǹ˴׻ʳ棬ܲأ
˿̣׻ʳΣѾǳ׵Ľ
ȻսսʵһΧ׵־Ѿǽˣ
ʳڶ۳ָĳʳѾǳΪ˴׵ĸӹ
ʳ֪Ļµŵֱӹ˳ˣ
ҪЧ
ţʳܿᴫ붫۳ĶУڵʱ򵽵׻ᷢһЩʲô׵Ҳǲں
ʵۺޱȣǸ۳أ
״طѾû̫壬ΪʲôͻȻȥ
浽׷ʲô飿ҲһŲ֪
ԣҪ飬ټĪҲǳ˶۳ȻӲ
һϷ۳֮УҲǳ׵ɽ
ϣܹͨԼܹĽȥЩ˾ۼ
ֻǵĿǰΪֹƺûκεļ
һ˵ȳŴ׳ǵķ֮Ǳ㵽˴׳ǣ
˿̵Ĵ׳ȴһƬɪĸо
׿Ըоóսң׻ʺ׳Ǵ̫
ڴ׳ǵĽֵϣҲǸпǧ֮ǰԼľˣ
ĸɿ˷죬¶ôڴ׳ǻҵĺ£ץ
׵Ĵ׽ͷʱһΪϤ˹
׵üͷ˲ܿĵüͷչ




2148
 

׳ǵĽֵϣ
һȺΧǱָָ㣬˿Ⱥ룬һŲµ׳һŮӣ
ŮɫţסĶ׳ıȻܵ˼ȵľµģ
׳ȥһȻ֮ɫƺδΧ˷У
ԽԽΧ˹ҲɫʼЩ仯ˣ
Զ׵˻뵽Ⱥ֮У
һԵˮռܲһĻʱ򣬾ȵЩϲ£졣
׵ǴһЦݿǰľϸֳһĨЦݣ
˳
׵ʥϾȻܹЦóһԵĳоһĲ죡
׳ʥϣǼһǳҵ峤
ʶȿʲô˵ɣ׵ʼչһ˿Цݣ·ĺһ㣡
óƲѣϸϸһ־òܣ
ӳѾǱʥȻʥϵ֮Ѱ
ʥὫôľ
ɿ׵ı飬ʵƲѣʥΪλͻȻ¶˿ĵЦأ
һԵˮҪ˵װڰֵһ˵
˽ǿ˳룬עǶǸ׳
У
ɻʾڵǿػţԼǰ׳һ£
ߣС֮۸Сʲô£ָүүҵ
׳ųĿ¶׹⣬ȥǳĺˣ
һǶļ˸о߱
ɵȱ㣬Ǵ򲻹㣬֪˭
ƺ֮ǰй֣ȻҲǰ
һŲٵĸ£
£ߣ˭Ҳ۸㣡׳
ߣӿ㻹รɣŮӽ˯ˣЦ׳¹ԹģٻԿǷһ
ޣƾҲ䣿Ƿʯ
׳ų֮¶һ˿Ц
ЦһӢ۾ǰɣ㳤İ˼Ӣ۾뵱ԩͷǰɣ԰Ӿͳȫ㣬ǧƷʯ
ǵģ
Ůƺµ˼㣬˵ûˡ
ǵŮ˳˵ǧƷʯʱǿˡ
˶жûϹˣҸ㣬ǧƷʯǶٵġ˯Ʒʯһʹˣ㲻ԸⰡ
ǸŮһεҡҡͷеа֮ȴʢ
ǧƷʯǰɣˣϽ
˵꣬׳ֱ˦ǧöƷʯȻŭһ
û뵽ȻóǧƷʯٻС˰
ֱһӣǧƷʯʧĸǰ
ưոȻܵģ
׳Цһл˵ƨţ
ߣһῴô˺ģǧƷʯֻСӦøٵĶϢǿɲֹЩˡ

ֱĵͰ
˵õļ۸˵ͱ䣬һЩŭ׳
׳ղǧƷʯԼ˵ģ㾹Ȼڣû뵽ʦ澹Ȼİ࣡
ʦ˭һ׳ĻҲһ㶣
׳˵ʦ˭˵µ㣡
ϣҰڳǰɣ˵ʦ𵽵˭Ȱֱ°
Ц˼һҲǐź΢΢һЦ
ߣʦǴʥף
׳ų͸һĹâʵ˴һʼʱ׾֪ˡ
Ϊʲô׵˻ЦݣΪͻȻ֮
֮ǰأû뵽յ׳ǣԼͽܡΣ
ʦ𣿡
ﻹʲôأֱһԿֵҲָָ㣡
ԭЦҲʧż깦û뵽Ѿŵ˵ĵز
˵֮ǰԼնɱͳһ˿˿ĳ嶯Ļôֳ嶯ѾŴ˾ʧ
ûЩ߲Ĳأôأ
ôˣЦһ
£Һ°ʦѾɱˣû뵽ͽܻûذڿȥʦ𰡣
ϴһ˿̵ζɻʾڵǿѾǻĶˣ
СС𾳺֮ˣҲҳǼүɣ
䣬ҲǷңƺһɽһ㣡
ˣǶų¶һ˵ɫ㡭˵ʲôʦˣ




2149౨
 

׻ʳǵĽֵ
ϳֳһĨ֮ɫ
Ļһɾ֮УԼʦˣ
ǧ裬׻ʳǣΪľѰԼʦ䣡
Լʦһ̣Ҳˮ
ôҲû뵽յ׻ʳǾȻ˵جģ
Լʦˣ
Ϣо׺䶥һ㣬˲оһͷƤըѵı
ߣ׵۳̫ӣ˭
˿ЩʴˣʵϢҲֻǵʱóĽ
ôȥˣԭһ˿˿Ѿʧ
ƶΪ׿϶ˣ
һﲻĻôῴԼ׶µĽɽݶܲأ
ټϳ֪Լĸ׺ƽͶʳ
޼ɵ
аŮ޶
ԵǸСֻ֮һѣЩ걻̣Ů˻
ֻСԱȽϵһЩΪ˹ֱ
ʥˣ⡭ôأ
ҿǴ׳ǵĵһ尡ǵϢӦô˰ɣ
˵ֻȥطôᡭ
ҹӦǻǱΪȹĴϢɣ
ҪʥˣǴ׿ľ군˰峤˵Ļ»ģ
һָָ㣬ǵıǱȽϵ𾪵ģ
һ֮
ȻˣǶʳ˵ԲǺ¡
οڴ׻ʳľ˵جģ˭أ
²Ŷǧ
³첻εĻһʱ׳ǾͻһƬֻ֮ˡ
ǳںȻǲںģ
ǰ֮˾ȻйϵӵĲˡ
¶Ũҵı֮ɫһʱ䣬·Щʧ
ݣ
ڴ˿̣ߵѾеķɽҲǳķֱĨɱ
ɣСġ
һ˲ʧһģԱߵǸŮȴһԾ
Լֱӵĸǰ
ĻعֻǵһεĿʱҲ¶һ˿Цݣ

Ůпһ˿ζôļᶨô޷ˣ

һŭ𣬿оԼѾˣ
˵ĳһҲûͣһ˵ĽѾǳС۵˽ȥ
ţ
˵ĽոմСһ㣬һȴо˲֮ͬ
ΪԼĽȴ޷ڴֺˣ
һɾ޴ѹóΧɻʾǿһĿ־壡
ಣ
ֱԼĹȻ˳ԣ
һɲǵĹǾ͸оǿĸֶˡ
λϣô£
һƣĺúõôͻȻQ˰
Ҳɱһ˵ɣ
峤йŹ֣һ߿ųüͷѾšһ֣
˵沿ʵѾȫĿԿһֿ־֮У
ٴУ
Ǵ˿ȫʵ״̬ǳڻ֪׷ʲô
˵λϣɹĸʲôǴ׻ʳǣǿǵĵ̣˭ǳҵ˽а壿췴
һмĿһԵλϣҲǱһ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
Щڴ׳Ű裬ܶҲհ
һɽϻӳƴĸоо׻ʳԼ죡
սңƽ˶ȥ߹ˣ
ﻹ˹ܣ
峤ҡҵȸղǸܵһɼǿʶɻʾڵĲΰ
ֱߣǸɻʾڵĳϵ
˵ϣǲ̫˰ɻʾڣҳһĸ𣿺ˣǲҪɹˣȥ˸ɱ˰ɣ
СۣҲɫԵЩʹ죡
һ﹫ȻĸԼȥҪҲûʲôĻǻЩ˵ȥˣ
ΪҪնɱˣΪľҪ
һԵŻеСۣѾһƬɺ֮ɫ
ֻҲЩ֣Ϊʲôղɻʾڵ˻ͻȻֹ֣ͣ
ŻЩ˵СۣҲ΢΢һ̾Ǻοأ
СɣΨ౨
СۿȻֿ񣬿һȴоޱȵܰ
˵ĻУһִδйİȫУ
һԿԧ찡ٽͳȫǣɱ
¶һ˿âߵλɻʾڵĳԥһһεĳķնɱȥ
˵ķɽһεʱһһûӿиˤ




2150ʥϼݵ
 

ʥϼݵ
Ⱥ֮зһ󾪺֮ʱһɤ͸׳ֵ
׻ĳǰȥʱŭһ
ʵ̫ˣ
Ȼ׻ʳ棬˵ʥˣ
ⲻʲô
ҿǳ׵ˣһضûˣ
֪һ׳ƽͳйصˣһƬȷѪˣ
֮ȴһ˿˿˷֮ɫ
Ⱥ֮У
Ȼֿһ·ʵϣʶ׵˻ǷǳĶġ
ֻղ˶ǽĿⶢ˳˵ʥϣȴûз׵λУ
Ȼٲƺ쵽һ㣬ȴȷ˾ף
һɤӣ˶±ˣ
ʥϣʥϰ
ȻʥϣλʱҵȻǼʥϵӢ˰
ʥûǴһо˰
Ͻ¹򰡣ʥϻع飬ҴҪ˰
ͨ
Ⱥ֮еһ֮˼һ̶¹ˣ
ףΪ׻ʳĵ۾ǵĳǱǴ׻ʳ
ڴ׻ʳܵУΣĳǸһģ
ֻҪʥûǴ׾ϣģ
Ϊףŵľ׵ϣ
꣡
һƬɽХ֮
׵ĳֳ׵׳ǣȺۼԽԽ࣬һ˲׳ǵѾǱΧˮйͨ
ԭ׼ֵĳһҲǳ׵ķˣ
ǳ׳ֵһ̣һԵˮҲڣ˶ŵ̱˵ϣ
һиԼȫһôҲû뵽׻û
ףʵ̫Ϥˣ
׳ʳʱ򣬾͸һЩͻֻ׵ʱȣδԴ̫ı
û뵽һﾹȻ֪˹Σ֮ʣȻڴ׳˵ĺΪǣ
ڱ״˸ţҪͿ¶ûκεĻˣ
һڳıðͫ΢΢һ˾йƤһ㣡
ƽ
һȣ׻ʳ
˿̣ĿȴҲǳһϲ֮ɫ
ͽݼʦ𣡡
һԵС۷˵ϣҲǵϥ¹׵
ˬʵһЦúúã޽
ʥϣ⼸˵δãϽǰ׵
׿һ۳壬ҵļ£Ժұĳң޵˼𣿡
л¡
һļһҵһֱҿˣ
ôҲû뵽ʥһ̾Ȼ˵ĻԣǱʥּ
׵Ŀһ۳ȻתͷŴ׻ʳǴϳ飬һƽꡢͳͼѹѱնɱǡ

׻䣬ѾһƬ֮
ƽŵͳնɱ
Ҫ֪Ĵʳһҵ峤
ƽǵʳة࣬Ϊүû뵽λ׵۾˵˰
һ˴Ŀͣһֻɢĸо
׵ķˣ
ԼĸױնɱԼѾǿ֪ˣ
˿̣˭ͬǣΪ๼ˣ
׿˼ڶ飬ʳַҴף޿⣡ʳ۾걻²նɱʾڣҴ֮
⡭ʳĵ۾ˣļٵİ
ҵ찡ǿǳʳĵ۾˵ﵽɵۼ𰡣
ʥϼȻѾ˵ˣǿ϶˰̫˼˰ҴѾǿ˵ĵز𣿡
ߣ˻ΪǴ׺۸Ǿû˵ʥǿǸҸ۳̫Ӱ˰
һʱ䣬˶ף֮г𾪺ͼ֮ɫ
նɱƽͳֻǸо˼ĻڶϢʱ򣬼ֱǲ˼еĲ˼ˣ
һʳôԼҵʥϸˣ
ȸԾ
׻ʳŷһɽХּƣ
ȷ
ôã׸һذϢ˭¶Ҫ˰ɣ
ȻҲ⣬ԭΪ˵ĸˣʥϻع飬ǿѹһһ֮˭ܲأ
ͨ
˵ڶ֮ԭվڳԱߵɻʾǿҲǳ׵Ĺˣ
׿һ΢΢һЦһɡ
˵꣬״ǵĳŴ׻ʳķ˹ȥ
ÿһǰŹ
̶̵ļӵʱ䣬Ѿǳ׵ڴ׳ǰδеţ
ףһҲǸ˴ǰδеţ




2151Ϣ
 

׻ʹ
ײδټȺ˵˿ټټȺѾû̫ˣ
ԼˣǱǴװȫˣ
һУźܶ˶Ӧ
Ϣܿ콫׻ʳıס
֪Ҫȹ̣ǱҪǿ
ʱʱ̵̿ףҪЩ֮ǲУ
ֻû뵽ǣȻˡ
ΨһҪ飬¾ǽ֮ǰɽǰ˶һˡ
һϷ۳֮У̫³۬ĳͻȻ³çȴҲһĺôûеġ
ٵǴ˳ȥ
ΰôҵģ׿΢΢һЦʵ
ʦϢ֮󣬲ŹǲĵģҲǿЦһԭڱ۳ǱǱĺܰ
۳΢΢һ㶣Ȼ⻹Զ
ʦҲҵˣɽ绹ǲû찡Ҳ΢΢һ̾
СҲ˰ôʱ䣬ѾﵽڵĲΣֻһԽɻʾ˰
ҲΪ̾˵оóһڵ֮Ѱɻʾ֮˻ҪǿһЩ
ӵ֮壬Ȼһ˿Աİ
ʦʵһ˵Ϣ
ףҲ¶һ˿ЦݵȥЩƶѣ
Ŷһ˵ϢҲǺõİЦŵ˭Ϣ
ᣡ
׵ᲢϤ
ֻ֪˵Ĵڶѣ֮ǰǼģֻû̫Ľѣ
ˣ
ҲЩʵû뵽Ȼ˵Ϣ
ӦǵģҲǺȷΪ;ʱһŽ䵱ɣӦ˴İɣ
ףҲЩ̫ȷ˵
üûȥһ£
ԭǴǰȥģ䵱ɽŽգκ˳·ǲǳʲô飿˴һ£˵ųŲǧʱ䣬롭
Ҳʼ磬ǲݻᣬǸŰ
ټʵǺϤҲͷˣֱӹˣ
Ѱ˼Ҫҵ׵ĻǱϢھˣ
ǧꣿӦûˣʲôط׿ʵ
ڱ۳׻һɽУǱ۳֮ӣ۸ӣ
Ҳ¶һ˿ŭɫ
Сӣʲôӣ׿һ˵ȻԼӣҲЦ
ʦ֪ɣⱱ۳ǡĶĴӪ
ĻҲüͷһ䣡

׿иֳһĨɱû뵽ɽȻһȻģˣ
ʦ磬С˵û۳ĵ۳Щͬ۳ڰ֧ţл
鿴Цŵʵ׽׻Ƶȷ̫ĳͻ
ԭ黹û̫һ£Ͼɽìܣ
ԴӾ׽һ֮鱾ܵĶЩҲЩ
ô˵û˵
ε˵˵ʦ磬Ǿ֪ô֪Ҳٰɣ
ðɡ
ҲƵĲУĴл׶Ƭ
۳Ϣһѣ۳ϢٵĿһиĻ»ЩϹĸо
ȻˣҲ
ǵʱԼе̫ĻʱԼԲǿԼ
Ҳһԣʱ򲻶ʺˡ
׵ʦҵ˰κͽС廹̷ҵûУ
һģҲǷǳϤ
ֻҲǸͻȻ֮ܵ˴׻ʳǣûһϢ
Ҫղ˵˵ϢĻ׸оԼˡ
׿϶ûҵҵĻҲˣûߡ
ҲҵˣһҲǺٺһЦʵ
׿˿¶һ˿ζЦݵʱֻҵһһɣ˵ΰղڴݵһĻӢ۾ǲ
СԭվһԶ֪˵ʲô
Լλ˾ȻǴʥϵͽܣҴʥǿƻع飬ҲǷˣ
ħ֮Էһоˣ
ôҲû뵽ʥϾȻԼˡ
һʱ䣬С۵ɫͨ졭




2152¡š
 

ʦҡɶѣǼһ̫ҿۡ
οףĺ˵Ů˵ʱ򣬾Ȼһ˿ߵı飡
һԵˮռܲҲ΢Ц
Ů˶ľҪҪԺܶ࣡
Ȼ
ˮŽεӣҲǺٺһЦףҸղǱ߿λм˼Ŷ
ʦĸ㡭ɱϹ˵˼ҿ׵Ĺ
һˮĻŵҲǸϽСһۣԵ÷ǳĲ˼
Ҵ׵ˣ
׿СۣҲЦЦʵԼǷˣԼߵƺûʲô䡣
쿴ԼͽһĹΪԸȣ
׾⵹һ׮Ե
С۴˿쳣ĽţϾֻһСѣ
ҡؼĴûκεĿɱԣ
ͻȻ˵ʥϣֽѾǵ˼ˡ
ͻȻʻСҲŵøϽµʥϣ񡭡
ﲻýţʲôֱӻشˣ¹ˣ׵˵
һԵˮСۣһֿϱĸо
Щ
۴ܵĻǲ£̸һȦ
ʵղڴϣλɻʾ֮˹ԼʱСԼԼŵʱ
һ̶ŮѾ뼺ˣ
һⷽ滹ǸľԴ㣬ǽŵĲУ
СۿˮǰԼŵøϽȻлʺ
С㲻ýŵġˮҲ¶һ˿Ц
СۿˮͷȻֿ˿׵ҡǼҾǴ׵ģֻǡ
㣬Խô׿СЦʵ
ξ𣿡СʵҲ֪˾Լ˵׽ʲôȷһµʵ
С۳Լ߿Ȼߵĵͷ
ЦЩǰ󷭣Լͽⷽ滹ЩоЦԷǰ
Ȼ
׳С۵ͷȻСʵ
Сɫ΢Ǹˣ
ûˣ׿СۣŮҲһɬ֮˰
ˮҲһƵ˵˵ô˼ң˼ô˵С⺣Ǽ׵ͽΪֱĳֵи˰
ʺҡ֪Ҫ˵ʲô
СΪһŮˣ֪ܲˮҪ˵ʲôأ
ֻԭȷ뷨ڰŽݵĺ֮ǽˣ
ԭξΪСʵҲԸġ
ܺùȥҪǿ̫̫˰ɣ
Դ֪ǵʥϵͽʱСѾû뷨ˡ
׳ҲĩɫѣСҲǽɳڡ
֦ͷˣ
С۴ûԼôĺá
ȻԼĪľ˻ʹ֮У˿Щء
ˮС΢΢һЦŮϲ
׿С۹һֵȻ֪ˣǲ֪ͽ䲻㰡
˵װⲻǱ˼ҴӦõ۾ôܹʳĻأ˼ҹԼ˵͵
ˮû뵽׵İԵһֱڹȻԼͽܸŮҲˣ
ҪǶôʵĻ׻ʳŮҲûһҴӦˣ
Լıӣƺоˮ˵Ҳǲġ
һԵռܲҲ΢΢һЦ㲻ҪѹҲǿģϲ͵ͷϲҡҡͷˡ
ռܲĻ˵
һԵоЩӲ˸оǣһȭͷ챻ˣ
ӣ
˶ó˿̵ĽźӣȥһŮҲ˰
˿һȴſԳɼСһ㣬ޱȣ
ҡ䲻
С۱˰죬Ǳһˣ
ûˮ˵̶꣬С۵ϣ϶ϰ
˵ΰҲһ׿С۵ĻѾŮ⡣
˿йŽοЦ
һԵˮЦЦףûиУοͽ
ռܲҲǵͷǰ䲻ϵһ˵Ȼзߵģףҿȥ׺ˡ
ܲɱ֣׿Ǵʥϣ⡭ôЩףˮ˿ռܲȻ
׹һЦʲôײ׵ģͽĻ£̸ײһ˵ǿɲۡ񰡣ҿͰռܲ˼ˣ
㰡㣬ʲôʲôˮҲһε˵
С۾ˣʥȥףֱŵˡ




2153Сı
 

׳ǣң
ʵǳҵĵݵˣ
ǳżȻСۣȻѵĻҿ»ĲΪ֪
С۵ĸʤҵ峤ʥʵϻһݣǱǴ׻ʳĳǷٻ
˵ʤССİٻڴ׳˸ʲôأ
̶֥С٣ڴ׳ֻܹβ˵֣
ʤЩʵЩʹ಻ЩѾ벻ΪųôԼÿҶҪϹʯ
ԭϹʯû̫ģԴҵĲҵ̲֮ѾûȶԴˡ
˵һ
ҼҲʮ˶ѣǿʤԼĵܵʤڳǷ浱õã
ЩҲ͹άΪתϽɸЩķǮȴòˣ
ûа취£ֻܹǷˣ
׵ƣܶСǰδеΣʵ
ҪһС۱ϣȻ󱻳ݰٰѣ֮߳ŭҪڴǿ˵ĻĲСۣ
Ե֣
Щʱô⣬ʹһ׮ƺ쳣˳
׳ǣң
ʱдһνĹͣͱʤĶͷ˾Ƿǧ֣Σ
֣βʤʤĶͷ˾ҵıǿ֣ҵġ
˫صĹϵʤʤֵһҲҵ
׳Ǹոշ飬ȻҲһŲ֪ˣ
ʤ֪ԼŮһ㱻ڴϸǿ°ߡ
ٻɵ˰
֣θʤƱյ֮Ҳ¶һ˿Цݵ
ǧˣСŮԸң²̫ʺȥҸ峤Ѿ߰
ʤȻʵôԼŮΪĳ谮
һԵʤҲˣʤҳɻ飬ҲǽС۵ŮһĿ
֣˵С۸ҵ峤Ѿߣһʱܵˣ
֣οʤһ˿Ц˵ٻǸǻ·ߣǿɱƫƫҪԼ·ϱư
·
ʤʤһӱŨŨв֮⣡
ʵϣʼĩ
ҵ峤֮ǰҪʯСȥҪֵһĻͳˡ
ȻΪʤǳǷˣ
ұϾǴ׵ˣǸʱû췴ǣ
Ѱ˼ңͶˣɾΪʤݣһֱûĶ֣
һεСۣҲΪ̫ɺϣСҪȥһЩ˭ͱһأ
ʤ֣ΣϽ¹ĩ֪ǧ˵ĺ⣬ĩֻһŮ֣ģְ̌
̧֣ٻҵ˼˰峤ʲôݣӦҲģŮ˳ңһ峤ˣǵʱһĻᰡ
֣οĵȰοʤҲǴŨصЦ⣡
ǳԼģ˼Ҫôҵ˴ӦҪôҵ˸ϳǷ
һû˳ǷٻɡĻʱôô棿
ôֻó⵽Ҫ鷳
ɺĳֳ׵ļŭ˵׵Ƕλ
ʤ̵֣ǧǷʯǻᾡ컹ϵģŮ飬ǧڳ峤ĸǰԼ䡭
˵꣬ʤֱӴӶͳ˲ٵʯ֣εĸǰ
ߣΪҪĲɣһʤǳ峤ԽģҪôӦˣҪôӦ֪
֣վϴŭݣ
ĿûκεôȻûеĻɾͲˣ
֣ǧĩ˰ĩΪ㰰ǰķϡ
ʤнѣҸ֣η
֪һҿ¾군ˣ
ͼԼŬ֪ԼŮԸȥң֪ʲô
ΪһףʤԼܵίҲԸ⿴ԼŮȥί
һԵʤҲǹµ֣ǧ취ɡ
ССİٻȻ峤˼ҿǻˣǽǲӦĻǧɾҪǺǷˣ
֣һĮΨһҪľֺó
Ϊ֪ԼҪҲֻܹϵˣ
ʱ֣λԼأ
үСŸСˡ
ʤʤǱߵʱһŮӼҴҵ˽ԼǹǱߵʱҲһ




2154±֣
 

ˣ
ʤЩ˵죬һδƽһ𰡣
Լķ˽һĺߣ
ȳȥ
ʤԼķ˳ܰȻ˵ĻҲˣ
ȷ
ԴӳԼŮ֮ʤҲĴҪԼŮҸ˼ң
òǴ׳ǵˣϣԼŮܹ뿪׻ʳȥһû֪ĵط
Ҳ˵֮ͬһֱܽеģ
Լķ˼ÿ춼ȥΪԼŮ鱼û뵽Ȼ֣θײˡ
֣ǧ˼ˡ
ܰɫһ䣬ʤķˣ֣ߣķӦٶȻǺܿģ
֣οųܰˣš
һԵʤ֣εĻĶͷֱҲǶĺµΣ
Ǳ֣θ˵Ļôһֱ鲻ͱ¶
ܰЩΡΡ˵֣ǧ𣿡
ߣô£֣γʵ
⡭
ܰһЩԻش𣬿ɾԥʱѾЩˣ
ΪǰѾԼҵĴߣ
׺ˮСһߣ
ԭҲһʱ𣬷յ׳ǣôһ׮ϲ£ȻҲ²ģ
С۸оԼڱǰ
Ҳ׶ǳˣҪ֪ڵݣֻҪһʥּԽˣ
ûУҪķʽС۵Ӱ
˵ʵСж׶Ĵм
Сۣõʥ϶ǷǳأȻԼļиף
Ǻεȵٹ⣿
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ʵ֣ҲǲݰһǧҲǿŸĹϵŵϵġ
ȻǳǷˣʶ׺ˮ񰡣
λ߸ϵҲһ½ССǧܹʶġ
ټ׺ˮͨһԵͨ˼㣬ĵһӾˡ
֣վڴ֮ϣ׵˵Ҫף

׿˿֣ΣΪһС۵ĸأ
˿̣һΪĲˬǿһԹŵˣҲЩŭ
С۵ĸ˵ĻЩˣ
ͱ˵ƣܵʲôίļأ
˭ף֣εʵ
ҵͽСףôԣ
֣οưײŭӣ֣ҲЩˬ
СѾ峤ˣǳҵѾˣϽɣ
ǺˣһһһԲС۵ĸװ
֣ЦһĹۿҵƣǳǷǧ֣Ρ
䣡
֣λδ֮ʣһԼʦ
ûκεԥֱһȭ֣εǰ
һ㣡
֣ʵһ㣬Ҳɾڵļѣ
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ųȴö֮ĵǧ
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֣αһȭɣֱ˴ñǽ֮ϣǽ֮ҲǳѺۣ
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صˤ˵ϣһԵĲ輸αҵķ飡
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˵Ŀ˶ˣ
ⲻ·ư
ԼóǷǧû뵽˿Լ֮󣬾ȻֱӴ֣
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㡭ң
֣οЩѵ˵ַŭдϵġ
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㡭֪Ҹ˭
֣ξǺúǰˣ֪Լɲڿʼڳˡ
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ҡҸ״˿ǳǷĸͳ֣˾㡭֣ԭ˵в
ȭͷһε˳ŵ֣һ±ƣ
λ򲻿ɰ֣ͳĹӣҲǳǷǧˣ׿ɲܺҰ
ʤ˿ǰһڣһּȲõĸо
ˣ
ѾǸĽˣ
׿ʤȻתͷ˿С΢΢һЦλӦþĸ˰ɣ
ǡǵġ
֮ǰ׻صһ£ûгɹ֮ǰҪ¶ǵݣ
ΪľǲȨѹʤ
أƺһѾĹˣͻȻֵʲô֣Σı˺ܶԭļƻ
һ£಻ɵ˶߰ɡ
׿һ֣δļˣҲǳ




2155ɵƸ
 

׳ǣң
ô⵹Ƿǳļ򵥣֣θղ˵ıǳǽ˳һʰˣ
еʱ䣬СģϵĻ̵סô
ǼҴȥӣ֣εзһ˿â
ھϣ˿ȥԼͨԼĸףǳ˻ߵʱץ
֣ο׵˵֮дһɳ֮ɫ
ı׻ʳĴ֮׵ĳң˾Ȼڴ׳ǶѾ޿ˡˣ
ֻڴ򲻹ˣֻܹűӵԼȥͨԼĸף
ƺûȥ֣ε飡
׿ŻվʤʤֵܣҲ΢΢һЦٻ롭
̫嶯ˡ
ʤﻹ˼ʲô飿
Ҳһ̾Ϣ֪˿Զˡ
һԵСۿԼĸҲЩ˵״ˣλǡ
ǽεʦ𣬺θСһ飬ԽǹҪٻܷͬ⡭
׿ʤЦʵ
ʤ˷۵˵ǵĻͦİʱй̸ЩǣǵǲǴ׵ˣ
ȻˣЦŵ
ȻǴ׵ˣǡǻҵ֣ҵˣѲǲ֪֣ҵıǳҰ
ʤףоʵ̫һЩ
Ѳڻ֪ԼĴжΣ
׿ʤһЦͲͷٻˣǵƸ񡭡
˵꣡
ʤʤĸǰѾǲĿĶ
ʯҩʲôһоУ
һʱ䣬ʤƺģĶǰĶһӶ֪˵ʲôˣ
ˮһЦŵһƷʯƷ͸൤ҩ֪ٻǵƸɷ⣿
⡭⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ʤһӱͻƸŵЩˣ
ôʯ͸ӲҪʲôƷˣƷһ
Щҩʶ
ɲô˵Щֵ֪ģҹƷʯѾܹԦ˵ˡ
𣿹ҵǾò࣬ٻģԺֻԽԽģֻҪٻͬŮ޸ͽԺ׼˰
׼ңʤ˱ĸˣ
ֻϧڵʤ֪׵ݣ
ҲΪ֪׵ݣǿЩ˵ĶǿסԼ
ʤ׵˵λȻ˵ĸУҴӦˣֻЩƸҲҪˡ
ţٻȻӦˣЩƸΪβҪѲɻ٣
ЩɻĿ˿ʤʵ
ʤҡҡͷôණôأλӾͲҪҿЦˣ˵ʵⱲҶûмôĶֻǡ
ֻʲôʵ
ʤֻǿҲûֻϣλܹŮ뿪׳ǣԶ߸߷ɾˣ
״ˡ
С۵г˸жһֱһ̣ŷԼĸܹԼȴԸԼֵܵ˺
ٻҸղѾ˵ˣСİΣҪ㵣ģȻҵǰףȻҲὫһСС֣ҷġ
ŵģʤǲŰ
ʤ׵λӣǵĻͬˣֻϣ뿪׳ǣҪȻһǿ뿪ˣ
ٻȻӦˣΡ׿һԵĽγ
ϣСһݣ
һʤӦˣҲǼԸӣû뵽ԼµһŮӣȻΪԼİ£
Եע
ЩʱԵǷǳѹ֪ʲôʱ
Сɫͨ죬ҲǹԼĸ׸Լĸǰ
һԵʤ̵С۰һȰϽߣٲ߾˰
壬ûûµģͷİɣ
ûб¶ԼݣС۾˵Ҳ˵
û£Ϊ˭׳ǶǸ߼Һͳҵ£ǻΪ׳ܹ𣿡
ʤҲε̾һ׻ʳƣҲûκεֹ
ˣ
һ󼱴ٵĽŲѾ˵ĶǳƵսؿѹȵĽŲ˸оһϢ
ʤֵܺһԵĳܰ˵ĶǵɫҲǱˣ
ҸˣҸˣǾ͵ɡ
֣ο׵ˣ˿ҲǷһŭ




2156µʥ
 

⣡
һڳǷΪ֮˵Ĵ֮»ҵǰ
ʤֵһĶҲŵЩˡ
֣Ǽޱߵź˸Щεѵĸо
ѽ
εѹǸоһĴ
ȻҲ֪ԼѲˣɿ֣ͳ֮죬Ҳǽп಻
ʵʤֵҪС뿪ġ
ǵѾ֮ˡ
Ρ
֣˾һװϣдһĨȻ
ʵϣǳĲã
ˣ
Ϊҵĸӹ֣һܺõȥ
ϣܹƲϵΪ֣˾ؼ£
ûеȵȥͨԼĶӱ˸ˣ

һҲ̫ʵһ㣬ҸոʧƣǾͶ֣ұ֣˾ΪĲˬ
ԼĶӱ˸ˣΪӵ֣˾ôܹĿԼĶӱ۸أ
ףҡұ˴ˡ
֣οɥҴҵܵԼĸ׵ĸǰ
ʤֵ֣ܿ˾ǼҴҵĹµĩμͳˡ
ߣһǺİȻҡ
֣˾̧ͷŹµʤֵܿ˹ȥҪѣɵʤֵܱվŵǼ˵ʱЩˣ
֣˾ȿˮʵҲֻһ֮Ե
ˮĴ̫̫ˣ
ʥϺͻʺعϢѾ˾֪ˣڻʺվŵǸôϤ
ⲻǵʥ˭أ
״ˣ㡭һҪΪұ𰡣⡭˾ȻҴңһ㶼ҷﰡ
֣ûע֣˾ӣǱɿһ˵
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Ǹ֣˾ǰЩǷˣҲסˣ
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ղŻŭҪԼӱλͳˣôһȴԼһͨ
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ԼоЩͲ⵽ʲôˣ
֣˾ŭһڼҵ͵£㾹Ȼðţҽ֣£
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֣˾˿λͳͻȻѣҲûа취
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֣λûиԼʲô״ȴһε˾֮У
Լĸǲǳ˰
֣˾ͨһʤֵ˵ķ͹ŵʤֵһʱЩ޴
֣ͳ죬⡭ʹð
ʤ֣˾Լķ£ҲɫҰ׵Ŀ֣˾
ֻ֣˾˼һ
֣ҪȫڿԼӶпܱסˣȻȭ֣˾ߵʣԸ꣡

֮˷һľЩǷ֮˿Ǽģ
һ֣˾㣬ҲŵøϽ£Ȼ꣡
һʱ䣬Ҷڵ
ЩûüӦˣҲǹ
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ƽһʤֵһο׵ʱŵѾǴҴˣ
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ǸԼЦ𣿵ʥԼף˵ȥҲûŰ
֣˾Ѿǹˣô˵ߵʥϣ⻹д
ٿ˿̵ףһɵѾչ¶ţ
֣˾ӻǳϢ׿֣˾Цһ
ʥã޶ӴŭǱ½֣˾Ϊˣ
ʵѲҪԼĶˣ֪һжʥϵУ
׵˵޲ԸɱϳΪְɡ
л¡֣˾ڵѪʲô취أ
ѾõĽˣ
׿֣˾֣ңڷֶвڴ֮Ǳ
ң֣ԸЧұ£֣˾ߵ׵
°ɣ׿֣˾һ̷˶֣ҵ¾ʵδ֣ҷУ
ǷҲҴȥҲҴҵӣҲţ
ʵû뵽׵ͷȻô󣬹ֲøղԼŮ˵ûû£
۾Լ٣ôأ
ٻƽɡ
׿ʤʤֵܣһҵˣҲ¶һ˿Цݣ
һԵˮҲЦŵٻ׼ңֺأ
ĩңðʵﰡʤҲŵһҲ
׹һЦˡƽɣ
ʤ˲ΡΡվСҲ¶һ˿ĵЦݣ
˿̵ҲһƬĻڣԭΪһ군ˣ
ڲû군ǳΪ˻׹ݣ
ʵû뵽С۾Ȼʥϵͽһˣ
ʤȻ֮ɫδȥȴѾû֮ǰĵˡ
׿ʤֵܵˣȻѾˣʣµɻʺٰɣ
ּʤҲǹ
κСңˮҲûиȥҲ飡
ԭҲһʱһ˶ѣ
ԼͽҲϲ֣ýȻְˡ
ѾˣҲ㽫׻ʳļܹһˣ
ȥһжûκεĵ




2157´׸ĸ
 

׻ʹ֮У
׵ΧżˣؕD廹ֿݻ򸾶ڴУ
ؕDԭ׼ڴʳܶϲˣ
Ҳǽ׵ĽŲͻˣܶ黹װѹذ
ؕDˣ˳ͽԼ֮ż˹
׵ľ棬ҲʱһЩı˰
Ҳǳ˴׵Ļʹ֮У
ʵϣ澭һʱĵټĵҩĻָҲ쳣٣
ԭɵ۳۷εǿߣôĵҩȻˡ
ؕDͳ忴򸾣ҲһĲ죡
Цŵࡢ峤Ƚһ£⼸λҵѣҲδ׵׹ҡߡ塢˪
һһĸؕD˽ţҲǺܶ࣡
ܶ˲ǿڴ׶ʢҪһѣ
ݼλǰ
ؕDͳ⿴ȥȴЩһʵ֮£
̬һӾ˸תˣ
׿׹Цŵ棬ԺɾίҸ˰Ǻǣ
̸ʲôίίֵļʱڿѾһ˰
׹Ҿ׼ҵ֮ҲЩĻ䣡
һԵ߿ף˿Ҳǳ˾֮ɫ
˵ʵյĿλʥ϶Լүү촦ˣ
ҲǹֵԺƾʥϷԸ
ĵͷðɣּ޷ΪѧԺԺͳ׳ǷΪҴ״һ֧Ѫų߸֮
棬ϲ˰鳯ķٺһЦ
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׹ҽɫǳĿ죬ʵ֪׵Ը
Щٶ˿ģȻҲҪά׵ĵˡ
ˮʱ׾ԼһΣ
ɽ磬ԭҪΪ׼ҵ峤׻˶顣
أ鲻ûлˣ˼־ԼһΣ
˿Ҳһĸж
֮ǰ׼ҵΣһ˵ĻͿˣ
˭ԸΪԼȥأ
ȴôˣҶԼĶƷľ޴ѹӲĿһһ
˵ǴаԼģ
ͳһ㣬׹ҸоԼһεĸ׵أ
ο׷Ϊλ鲢Ĵ׹һĻĲˣ
ԣڵ׹Һ㣬׸鿴ƼѣʵϻǷǳļ򵥵ġ
һԵ߿ףҲǵϥ¹
׹ҸԼŮѾǳ׵Ľ˴׵ˡ
ףΪԼһƻŲ֣
׿ؕDͳࡢ峤ʳʳܱ߼ʳĽ⣬ͽˣ
ּؕDͳɫ쳣˷ܣ
ĵͷʳԺܻʳɣ޹һӻȥܻʳһˣ޵Ĵлǣ
ʥԼǣûдܻʳҴ׿ѾǷֱˣ
ؕD˵ҲǷθ֮ԣ˵ʵܻʳܹڴ׻ʳΪѵʱͦ䵣ˣ
һ༰λûɣҴ׵֮ͬȻҴףȻҪرġҴҲȱʳһ
ܹһʳֽ׶εĴ˵Ѿ㹻ˣ
Ȼ׵ĿɲǴʳ۳
һʳݣ׶ʱڻԼˡ
ΪʲôͻȻ֮ټôǰĿֻһǱǶʱѸٵĻôױò֪Ǽǿ
׵ͷּ廤йһƷͳ˧ҴϷţ
ϷţؕDһ㶣
ʲôϷŰҲЩƵĿʵ
׿ؕD΢΢һЦ׵ĸĸҲʱˡѾоϣΪţ
ʥʾ
ؕDǼλʥֵ긻ǿ׵ķչҲѸޱȣ
ĸڱУ
ֻؕDƺûκε׼£׵ĸĸѾȻĿʼˡ
ףһҪԼոµģˣ
Ȩ·䣬־ѾҪ׽Լʱˡ
׵˵ܼ򵥣ϱĴţĴŵͳɴ׻ֱཫͳɣڴ׻ʳǵľţǱԴѪΪϳǷȵȣ
ʥϣ֪ˣѪΪͳ˧ϷɳΪͳ˧ɻš
ؕDףƿرǺڴ⼸ŵͳ˧ѡˣ
׻ĳԼҲ˳˼֮У




2158ͳ
 

ʹ֮У
˳˼֮УڵϷʵûѹһط
ΪϷŵλ׿ǿŴܻʳʱû̫սµġ
ʵҲҪһ
׿صǳҳϣһٶǾǸ˼Ŀġ
ֻĶżһս£
ĵطȻҪսǿ֮˰ˣ
ǱţǴʳĺɾǱ۳˰
һطûǿΣأ
оǶţҪ֪ŵĶ棬붫۳ĳҲǺԶˡ
ȻʱںͶ۳սĿԲ󣬿ײû뷨
۳ȻԼҪһĿ꣡
֪ԼĿ겢ˣʥɽԼɽΪѲĶ֣
Ψһ뷨۳˵
Ҳֻ۳ʸĿʼսʥɽ
ʥɽƣҪԼĺ󷽶ȹ̵Ļôʲô˼ȥأ
˼ã˿˪򸾵λ
ʥϣкηԸ˵޷
һֱ
˵ʵѾǴﵽɻʾ۷壬һֻѾǴɵۼ
Щֿͻɵ۵ĹҲǸ˺ܶİûֿݵָ㣬ǻûдɵۼżء
ԼʵҲֻҪʱ£ͻɵ۲ѾʲôѶˡ
׿򸾵λҴױš
岻ݴǣ
忴ףҲǱȭ
˵ǰ׻ֻصĻô׳׵ˡ
֪Ϊ˸𣬸۳ַ֮ǻʲôɲȥأ
̫幬׻ʳ
ֻҪĴˣܽʲô֣ʲôʵһ
ãּΪͳ˧
ѾǸ۳ַˣľ̫幬Σ
Ѳɲˣ۳ͻŹԼˣ
۳ѾдˣںЩʲô
ο׺Ϸ۳Ĺϵĸ۳ͻأ
ֻҪ³ѣ
ּ򸾺ؕDͬʱ˵
ϷźͱŵѡˣʵҪĲǶţΪŶʱڲᱬս֪ġ
ⶫŵͳ˧֮λѾˣԼͽλã
ֻŵλþЩˣһʱ׻벻ʵѡ
ɨһȦ֮Ҳǳ֪࣬ɷݴͳ˧һְʱ˿
⡭ϳֻּǼϳŵͳ죬ǶŻȱһ˰
ؕDҲЩɻʵ
΢΢һЦҴ˲ŶȱⶫŵͳѡѾˣʱǸͽܴţ
ʥϵͽܣλؕDյͱˣѹҲûм
׿ؕDЦŵԺ˾֪ˣһλǱ֮ˣԺҲΪҴ׵һս
ʥϼȻô˵ǱſؕDҲЦŵ
һžݶˣϣλܹУΪҴ׵ķסͳͳ죬ȥּɣ⼸λҲɡ
Щ飬ĲԸñ֪
ߺ򸾣ʵҲǲ̫֪
Ѿ֪ĴڣԺܶǣԺķչҲǲġ
ȻˣҲֻΪεˣײŻὥĽԼȦӣ
׿Ȼǲ˵ˣҲû̫⣬ջûн˿ߣ
˿̣
֮УЩѾǴĺȦˣ
λҲ׵֮ѣЩ˴ҸոսʱʶˣһЩʦĹˣԶԼˣЩҲûбҪڲҴˣ
׿Ҳ΢΢һЦ
ףͷİɣԺ˵ʲôʲôˣ
ǰ˵ûҲһԵ
һҸղŽؕDͳ֧ЩصҪ˵ȻҾøλ֪Ǹλ׿ԽֵܣҲϣλθλһң
Ҳǵͷ׽˵ˣȻ֪еˣ
ʵߺ򸾿Կó仰˵Լġ
飬ֿݣղûиǰ飬иҪǡ
׿ֿ΢΢һЦҲǺɵĿף
ȷղƺû˵ֿݣҪ֪Ϊǿ˰
Ҫ飿ʲôأ




2159׷ˣ
 

׻ʹڣ
׿һԵЦŵ飬һʱ䣬Ҫڴ׻ʹĺɽһ󣡡
ɽ󣿡
üͷ΢΢ɽʲô
ʵϣʵһҲʲô˵飡
ɵڵǿ߹Ʋ˵ķ黹ǿʵֵġ
ֻףΪʲôҪںɽķ
һԵҲЩסˣ˵ҪĻõλҲǴ׻ʹ
׿һɻӣ΢΢һЦ²˵˽˵飡
ʦ磬Ҷˣ
һӾ׵뷨ֻһΧķ
֪ҪͨˮǵĴˣ
һ뵽ߣ鵹ҲЩˣ
Ȼ˵ɽ飬ˮʵû̫ĸ飡
ܹˮģڿ˵ˮǾĵڶˡ
һԵ濴˿ףƺҲһЩʲô
ʵϣ֪׵ϸˣ֮⣬Ҳˡ
ˮǣ˸ףǿźܳʱġ
׿ʵȻ֪ˣǾȥɣҪ೤ʱ䣿
ʦ磬ʱ»ܳһ꣬ǧ궼пܵġΪûԾҲǺ
ָĵȻǸˣڵĴ
ôʱ䣿Ҳ΢΢üʵ
Цһ˵ʦ磬ɲһ򵥵Ķ
ðɣͽȥˣְɡ
׿˿飬ĵͷ˱ʧ˻ʹ֮У
ʵϣҲ֪ԼЩʱ̫ˣ
ͨˮǵĴڱУײԼĸĸˮǣϾǱԼҲչ˲
ǿʢķչҲǽһԵȶڣ
۳ȻвأڸϷ۳һϵ׿һЩԼˡ
ʧΧ˶һͷˮ
׿˿ЦŵԺȽˣǾͻ֪ˡ桭
ڡ
˿̶ԼĶλ׵ĳӣ
׿һЦ˵棬ҶֵܣЩͲҪڸˡǻǸǰһֱӽ׾ˣ
򲻿ɰ
Ͻҡͷˮǵʱײ֮˶ѡ
Եʱ׻һЩνƿԡ
أ
˼ѾǵǸСආˣɽ糬ʳĵ۾
ʵ涼Ѿȴĵز
ٽһǻоԼ׷׵Ĳˡ
װڰֵ棬֮˰ڿǽһҪ񰡡
ң
Щƣײ֮ǰһҪ
׿ӣҲЦŵǸ֮ǰѪйأ
ʲô£ҲɻĿ˿ס
Цŵ˲ţΪҴ׻ʳһ֧Ѫ֮ǣ֧ѪŵĽʿҲôﵽɻʾĲΣ
ۣ
һ˵ȲһûһѪ
Ҳ̫˰
ŵͳʱˣΪ˹עĿ¾Ѫţ
Żʳǣ׵ĿǴһ֧ɻʾɵĳţ
Ѷжǿ֪ġ
Ĵ۳Ҳûһ֧ɻʾɵĳš
Ͼһɻʾǿɾɽ糬ֵĴˡ
׵뷨Ҳûжκ˽
ղؕDͳڣкܶ黹˵ˣǲˣʣµĶΪֵˡ
Ҳ˵ؕDͳΣվ׻ġ
ף˰ɣ
ΤϦԼɣʵԼƺѾ׵Ȧӣ
׶ΣΤϦҲһĸж
ֻ˵ĺ׳ҲǸоһĺˡ
ɻʼĸɵľţ
Ҳ̫ˣ
ˮҲɻʾڵǿߣ֪ԼɻʾжôĲף
׾ȻҪɻʾǿɾţⲻǸЦ
ɻʾǿôôﵽĻҲ˰
濴׳ףѣ
ѣ
˵Լ̫飡
氡ûѶȵĻôύأ׿΢΢һЦŵЦҲһĴ㵣
̾һǴɵľţһ˿ĿԣǴɻʾǿɵĻѶ̫̫ˡ
ǰʥĲǿЦһԵҲƵʵ
ɻʾǿɵľţǵö˰Ҳиǧϵļɣ
ǧ˵ļѶҲǿ֪˰
濴ЦɫЩƵʵɣңҪѪţҲиװ




2160˵ɾ͸
 

ʹ֮Уƻͨ
ײδ֮ϣһ˵վУ
һϯʻƺҲҪ֪ģѪŵҪأ
ţ
ѾǴڶˣֻǼɵģǽо
Ѫ˿ӦҲ̫ġ
Ͼ׼Ҳ̫һЩ
׿ЦʵΪٺأ
⡭һǧˣ
̽ԵʵһǧɵɻʾţҲǷǳˣ
ңǼǰŵĴ׻ʳЩ尡ʲôĸȫۼŻôˡ
Щ˶Ǵ׻ʳȫļѪŵĻѶȿ֪
׻ʳôļ壬ѲɶҪӾɣ
Ѷʵ̫̫ˣоܣ
һǧˣ̫ˡ
΢΢ҡҡͷɲ֣
ǡǧˣƺоԼ˵ЩϢˣ
Ҫ֪ԼҲɻʾڵʵڶʱܹﵽһļأ
ˣȻңұһְɣһˣ
׿һˣֻ׷һ͵ֶѣ
ĿʵҪ̫ˣ
ŵòһ̱˵ϣһʵһˣ٣˵㡭ȷûпЦ
棬Ц𣿡׿Цʵ
һԵֿüͷʥϣѶȵȷܴ󰡣
ûѶȣôȥء棬ǴӸѧԺʼѰǱʵ꼴ɣ٣Ҫﵽϣ
׿ʵһеļƻѾȻˣ
Ҳǲ˼Ŀףֱ̫˰
ˣоһı
ЦŵĴҲȫ֧ģĺˡԴ棬Ҹȫıϡ
һӱ뵽īǺڣ
ҪһףϾһ˵ҪΪôṩʵԴǲܵ飡
ҲûôʱģھͲһˣ
ƵҩĹ̻ǷǳĿٵģԼҪĶ
Ѫţ
Ѿڱˣ׵ĿΪԺԿʥɽ
Щɻʾ֮ˣԺȻгΪɵۼǿߣҲΪԺı
˵ļƻһ˾붼룬ȴѾʼʵʩˣ
һĿɿڴ
ǶΪӴļƻˣһȫɻʾɵľţǵǶôֲĴڰ
룬Ƕ쳣Ŀֲ
ף֪ΪһɻʾǿߣǲҪ츳һҪԴ۰⻹ֻһɻʾǿߣһǼֱǿֲ
Ȼֿ֪ɵۼǿߣϤָĻǱʡȥܶ鲻𣿡
׿Цʵ
ͷȷʡȥܶ飬ǡ
棬ɸѡ˲ţŲֹʮѡķΧҲǷǳĿ㣬ɽ֮츳߲ҪĲһƽ̨ѣ
׿浭˵Щ黹ûĴɣҲ˵
ڽͨˮǴЩ棬ȻҲţ
ٹһӵĳְ֮Լͷϵˡ
ʵϣɽʱΪĳԣ
ȴоԼʱЩã۳ʱп֣ܳ
ײ뽫Լ³УҪԼĵ
üȻ˵Ļֻ˵ҾΪˣ
׵ͷȻһԵ򸾳塢˪
ʥϡ
˪ţ˿ȻԾ̫幬ݣȴûҩ
ֻҪܹΪ𣬾ǸʲôҲԸġ
οױĴ˲
һǴּŵͳ죬ѡ˲ţҲϣܹУ
ּûκεķϻ
ȻҲЩȴѡף
׵ͷˣԼˣ桢ֿݣȥɽ
ɢȥ
Ȼжɻ󣬿Ѿµ飬Ҳٷ
οһеģ
Ȼǲ֪һеĵǴӺζ׾Ȼ˵ˣҲֻоȥˣ
ҲһıƣҪ֪׵ʲô
ײû˵Ҳһͣ
֪׽ԼֿݺɽԲǼ򵥵ȥһ鵽ѡַ
Ȼȥ϶飡




2161
 

׻ʹɽ
ɽ֮ŨʳѡطʹȻĵģ
һֱûкúõڴ׻ʹҲĵһɽ
һɽ֮У㱻Ũ
Զ
ֻһվɽ֮ϣƺڹ۲ʲô
׵ͻȻҲ΢΢һЦʦ磬ôˣҪ̸𣿡
Ҳûʲô飬ôоЦŵ
¶һ˿ЦݵʳѡַȷˣҸղŹ۲аĹɽ֮ӦһƬʯƺӦûǸСġֻ֪Ϊʲôԭһֱûп
ʯһϲ⵹Ǹ÷ְ
ɽ֮Уʯܶ඼΢͵֣һС͵ѾǱȽϺˡ
Ǵ͵ĿǾ׬ˣ
ţغҵʶҲǽԸӦ˵طô˵Ũ֮ǰһûע⵽أ
ǸղԼϸ̽ĻһʱỹǷֲء
ʯȷǸöŨһѵ
ʳǱﰡֻǽﵱһʯȴ֪ȥɣϧˡ
Ҳ¶һ˿˿Цݣ˵һϢ
ʱҲûиӦʯĻ»ûܹܵĳ
һԵֿҲĴָʶȻǿޱȰҵʵ̽鲻ﾹȻп
һЦٺ٣Ҳ˭
NɪˣʯʱҲ٣Ҳʯһ顭
׿ȷ飡
ȻѪţžҪһ
ײҪ̫ʱ䣬ĸ֣һʱ󷨣
ɽ磬ܹĽʱ󷨵ˣҲֻһЩʱ䷨Ϳռ䷨ˡ
ƣ
ƲõĻľǱˣ
ܲܽʱ޿̵ı¶ڱ˵ĸǰɣ
ЩԼˣԣ
ˣǶôӴһȺ壿
浫˱¶Լܣʱɽ׷ɱĶˡ
׾ţҲ˵ɽ翹ɣ
ԣһʱͿռ󷨣ǾԵбҪˡ
ʦ磬ʲôֱӷԸˡ鿴׺ٺһЦ
׽֮ǰ齲һ飬ȻˣӦûʲôɣ
ף㡭Ҫʱ󷨣ǡǿǿ߲ܹ쵽鰡׵ĻҲǾ֡
׿棬ֿһһէҵܹ⣬һһէĸʲôֲǲ֪
֪û뵽ô죡ϲЦտ˵
һ棬ҪڶʱڽһǿľţҲֻпЩķˡһҪϸܣһӳֺܶ󷨣ʱҵȼ֮⣬ԲܹУˡ
ʱǻһĽ͵ġ˿̵ƺִ˼֡
׵ͷղ˶࣬ЩҲû˵̫ףԴҴһʽףδɡ
ڵֵ֧ĻǰڵѹͻСܶˡҪﵽɻʾǿɲھܹġ
濴׳ôţĻɻʾǿ
ʵϣԼɻʾǿҲôѣ
ҪھѪһΣǾǲܵ飡
Ϊʱ֪ˣҲЦЦ
ಣ
׺顢ֿݵ˵ӰѾʧɽ֮ϣ
ķʣһâţ
ܿ죬û뵽˺ɽۣ֮
һƬѾǱ׵֣֮ҷΧԽԽ㣡
󷨣ɽ󷨣

ɽ֮ǰĳλܴ󷨣󷨿ڵʱ󷨵ʱֹ
󷨣ɽѾǼΪĺˣ
׺飬׼
ԭǳļ򵥣
ԭλһ˿ʱ䷨ǿ߸ıʱı
ֻϽʱ䷨ı˶ѣ
죡
׵ϵ뵽֮УһĨʱ䷨Ƭӿ뵽֮Уԭʱϵߣ
ƺÿӿһĨʱ䷨Ƭ󷨵ıһЩ
˿̣һԿŴֿۣݺƺֻܹһԷ
ѹʲôæҲﲻϣ
ʱһһĹȥСһ󷨣ȴɵ۳ڼǿߴսһɣ
ʱ䣬ôĹȥˡ
ĹâҲǽı΢뵽ɽ֮У
ɣ
ŭһһǿע뵽󷨵ʮķλ֮У
˲䣬һεĹâ漴ʧ˵ĸǰ




2162´Ӳŵŵ
 

ɽ֮䣬ƺγһε
֮ˣܲĴڣֻ̤ɽȵһ̣ܹᵽ
ʮķλû֮ǰ󷨵оȻܹ˶ʱڽĳ
󣬿ȴļǿ棡
ԭֻǽʱıһһңҲɽ֮Ĵڣ
Ϊʲôܹڶ̶̵ʮʱ侫Ѹͣ
Ϊʱ䷨򣬲ܹ
ȻûдﵽڵЧȴҲԶˡ
׼ǺľԼڵŽ˴ɣָҲѸ˺ܶࡣ
ϾǿܹͷʯͷҲܹ䲻ٵ
˵ĻĲ׵ȥʹԼϵǽ
Ȼʯͷʱڲʲô̫ۼǲγصҺ壬֮ʯĴڣȴ׿ԻӻԼ
ʦ磬Ч൱
֮УʱҲǹһЦ
ͬʱ룡
׹Ҵ˿ȴ棬һЦףֶͨΰɽܹ˴֮ˣҲֻ˰
棬Ӧø˰ɣ׹һЦ
ȻеҩʲôϣɻʾŲ˵𾳵ľžٲˣ
Ϊŵ˵֪ɽ֮׿츳֮˾Բ
ֻܶ˶ûܹĹԴ
Ǹ㹻ԴһЩ˵⣬ɻʾǿԳһµģ
һ˵ˣԴһ취ġͼλŵͳ죬ҪӢΪãҪü۳Ҵ׻ʳֻǻʳȴκһĴڣ
İɣһľ˿ҲǺɵ˵
ûκεϣڳ˶־
׵һεľˣ
׿˿氡ѪȻ΢һЩȴҲ°빦Ѫ֮⣬ʵҲܵ󰡣
Щɽ磬һǵ˺ܶʱ䣬һҲҪúõһεĻˣһʵǿᣬɻʾڻǲ̫˼ˣ
ҲЩƣǱ׺ǿˡ
أ
˼ĸԼͷˣָо൱Ĳ
ʦ磬أЩҿʲôطȥˣֻܹĵĴˡ
һЦŵ
ҲǵͷҷģڣҲܹˡ
ʦ绹ҪȥɻʵЩᡣ
һһֱϰˣͻȻ֮ô壬Щϰˣ
һȥܻʳкɣЩûдܻʳĻŵĺܰҲ֪Ƿյ˴װõϢˣ
Ӧûôɣž֪ˣǶ̫ţҲЦŵ
ҲǵͷǰմӴ׳ȥʱսʤǱЩѣʮʱ䶼Ѿնɱ˼λɵۼǿߣҲҥ԰
˵ȷ֮ٱʱ仺壬ĿˣԺѪĻҲǾ˰ɣ
ҲΪп˵Ǵ׼ʱͻȻQһɻʾɵľŵĻǵ۳ǰ˿¶Ҫ°ˣ
׳ʵϣɽǿĵطɻʾֻѣҪĻǳ֡
ǰֵĴڲɹȶֿ֮ҲǵͷҵȻüŬ
ɵڵǿߣҵȶκΣͻѶȼ󣬶һͻͻɵ۾磬Ѷȿ±֮ǰеѶȼҪ󰡣
׿ԶҲǳڴ
ҪԼĳΪɵǿߣǵжôǿ
֪һеѶʵ̫̫ˣ
Ҫľ⣬λо⣬ǽĻԺͻһЩˣ
Ҳȥô֮࣬ǰȥһˣֻΪ˴̽һ°Ϫ䣡
˭ԼȻôĻأ
ҵҲڴʦͻ֮󵽵ǸʲôҲĳȵ˵
ڼ֮УڴͻƵһ̣
Ȼ֪һ̻Ҫһʱ䣬ûһ˾ײͻƣ
ǿһвˮɵ飡
׿˵顢棬ػףֿǰܻʳ




2163ٻش
 

ܻʳ
״ֿܻʳͬеĻΤϦ
׻ʳǱߵѾǴϣʱҲ֪ڴ׻ʳûʲô̫ã
Ҫļ֮Уȵһ뵽ľǰܻʳȥл֣
ΪԼĴ磬ֺܺõһκ
ȻˣĴ׻ʳǱ߻Լһأ졢һ˶Ǳߣ
ȥ꣬ȻҲҪ˳ǰ׻ʳ
ܳǣ
ֿݽ֮У׺ΤϦһ·˵Ц
ʵΤϦҲǵһ۳Ҳʸʮ㡣
ԭΤϦǰɼȻΤϦѾԼŮˣôЩȻҲҪȥġ
£ͷβģ
ΤϦԼŮˣôЩҲõΤȥһ£ΤǵѣᾡĲ
ֻ׶ΤҲκεĺøУΤϦ֮ҲǷǳĵǣ
˿̣״ΤϦδֱӽܻʹǳūhԺķ˹ȥ
鷿֮ڣһƬƻͨ
ѾΪ˫hԺԺλȨأ
ֻüͷ壬ƺʲôסһ㣡
Ժˣ
΢΢̧ͷͻȻƺδ̫ĺת
ǰ֮ˣ˵ʥּ˭Ҳ
ǡ˵һġ͵͵ĿһŭһԺ˵Ѳû𣿡
ԺǲӭҰ
˵֮ʣһĶУһ㶣漴ֳһĨϲɫ
⡭⡭ôˣ£κ˲ÿҪ˵ǽС΢ĽһԵ˸֧
֮һμվʥϼ٣ĳʧԶӭˡﰡ
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״ΤϦ鷿֮Уǲԭλϡ
һԵվԱߣδκεĲף
ԭɫѾʧȡ֮һ˷ܺɻ
ЩƵʵʥϣЩȥʲôط˰֪
ԺҪ˵ʲôȻ֪׵˵
̾һ׺ʹΣʥѾЩԲ˰
ܻս׿ɻʵ
ͷҴܸ֮һɽҴһֻ۱һֻۣǴ׾ΣڵϦ˰ǴܻΪ׵ֵһ氡
֮£Ѿˣ׿΢΢һЦ
ˣ⡭ôܣ֪һγʳЭͬʳΧ˴ףôܡ
֪׵˻ȥ֮󣬱
̶̼ʱȺۣʳһսľѾɥΪ˴׵ˣ
Ͼʳȳʳ⣬ЩĻʳʲôϢأ
ʵϣԭܻʳӦ֪׷ʲôģ
һδܼеĳŽգӬ¶ɲϢȻҲǺѽˡ
ЦŵҴأ
ʥϾڻʹ֮ڣҲΪʥϵľİ
֮ǰһֱüͷ壬Ȼʲô顣
׿ʵʲôˣ
ҴܻʳлȻȴҪúܶ࣬ɱҲ֪ĻҴܻʳȻвǰ˵ģԱ¾
ûκεҲ֪׸֮Ĺϵ
ڻˣҲĹˣ
ǰһӣѾǻʺܻʳҲһƬİ֮̾
ʵϣλоЩˣ
μףδ˵ôأ
ܻʳӦûеĵزɣüʵ
ʥϣ⵹һμѻµԸӦҲ֪׼ʮͷ¶Ҳˮ֮аҲǲѶΪ֮
ף΢΢һ̾
ƺЩĻ΢΢ͷһҹҲΪ˸лΪҴĹף
ʥϣҲͰ˰⼸ĺܲסоͲ̸ˣڲҲһɢɳ
Щ̲סĿ˵Կóȷֵң
ԺȥһɣҵҪ˭ôĵӸΪҴ硭
Ϊߵı֮оͿԲ²ĳ
ֵǿ±иов
ֻˣһƺҪˣ




2164¾
 

ܻʹ鷿
ɫأһԵɫҲǺÿȥ
ǸӶ˵˾޴ѹ
֣ѹǿ֪
ܻʳΪ׻ʳп֮Σ
ֵĳдϣܻʳֻٲܹݵڷף
ʱǷ׵Ļܹһ
һζİ׵ĻǻϾǵĽ࣡
һʳƿ׻ʳĳǳأʱֻҪƹɽʱͿԳֱ룬ܻʳˣ
ʣڵּأͬеĻҵ峤Ƿͳ˧
Լĸ׵ҲĨһ˿ǳ֮ɫ
ˣԼʵ׵ܵܣȻһĸͬҲѪ֮ģ
ֻһһεıƹ
ҲǱŭѣÿһǱ䱾ѾоóԼλܵѾıλ֮ˡ
ֿһҲˣ

ܻʳ֮׵峤Ҳ˵ӵã
ֻٹʥһҲ˸̸֮жѣ
ǽ죬ֱӴǰһƺЩͬˣ
ǵģʣͳѾڵּ˵бҪ࣡
ֿһԼĶӵҪ
ʡԼλЩƣ̬ĸʣҲЩܡ
𣿡ֿʵ
ڣ¶ᶨ֮ɫ׵۾븸ǽֵܣҴݣԹ޻ڣӺɷΪΪ
ãҸӶ˾ͿҳǷλͳ쵽ʲô
Цһ֮Ҳǳһ˿˿ɱ
ĵͷȻˡ
⣡
һ󼱴ٵĽŲ鷿ķ˹ܿ죬鷿ĴѾǴˣ
˺˽ֻ˵ȴվһӣȥ緢
ߵ¡
˵ֻ΢΢Ҿȴûֿ֮أ
һԵҪ˵ѾסԼĶӣȻܣλ˭
󽪻ʳཪΪݼʥϣ
Ϊӿ˿֣ϴһ˿˿Цݣ
ߣʲôʱǴˣֿһԵһϳȥնˣ
ʥ
˿ԼĴ磬Ҳ˵
ôҪȰ޸󽪻ʳ̸ɣ޸㣬ܣû޵˽鷿Ǳ
ЦһѾȷˣ
ʥϣӦ֪ڵƣǲ̸Ҵܻʳһߣܲʥһ˵ĴܣҵĴܣ
˵ҲĨһ˿Ц
һԵҲǳȿȴˮ֮С
ͳ죬黹Ҫָ𣿡˵
ʥϲԸϰֻõڶ׷˰
Ϊһˣֿһ˿˿Ц
࣬ȰȰҴɡ
һ˵ӣһԵѾӵɵùԲ
ı
ӽΪ˵ĻѾ˼ǶøԼϻҪˣ
һԵ˳塢ͳ죬ҸʵĻû𣿴󽪻ʳཪΪͼ߸Ҵ𢣬նˣ
ߣ˵ķ𣿡˿һǱĿˣҵΪܻʳҲŻѪ
ˣˣ̲ס˰û뵽ͻȻ֮ᶯ֡
ʵȻԼλܵпܻҶȡܽɽôҲû뵽ͬ󽪻ʳ֮ˣ
磬־ֻܹ㽫·ϱưɣͳ죬ְɣ
ƺбʩһ˲䣬ʳƺڽ֮У
һ£
鷿ѾǳʮλɻʾǿߣһŵȴǴ󽪻ʳķΣ
ֵĶͷϺ˲ð
ˡ
һԱȴδκεˣ
һɾ֮ӿͷ
û뵽Լôܻʳĵ۾Ȼ³
Լֵܣһ¶Լ
¶һ˿˿Цݵʥϣǲȫ׼ǻᶯ𣿲ϾҴܵʥϣͶҵȣҵԸȫʬ
ʣߡ
ŭĿԲû뵽˵췴췴ʱһһѾ˵ĸǰ
˿̾һΪ̫ӣЩֻϧЩɣ
ɱ죡
˵Ĵһӣֺ뵽һɾ֮У
ôɻʾǿߵĹܹ֧Ŷã
ʱ֧ŲˣǾ
һ̣λʥѾǹ˲ˣ̶̵ļ֮ڣ֮ѾǱ˺˺üӣ
硭
ɱʱһѾǹᴩܻʹ
˲䣬˵Ŀⶼע˹




2165ǿƵǳ
 

ܻʹڣ
ɱ죡
ܶ˶֪׷ʲô飬ɼЩ֪ʲô飬ҲҲ֣
ΪǷһһĳǷѾǽʹΧˮйͨ
ֺ¶֮дһ˿ľ
֪ǵ֮أ
ֻǲģϾıλôܹأ
ɾ־֮ʣһ
ף
Ϥһ˾
ˣ
ȻҲ֪ˣҲһܹıʲô
֪׸û
˺ԶͻȻ׺ѹҲʶףȴʶ
ǾȻ췴
ߵʱ˶סˣ
˵ʵ췴ԤڵģȻû뵽ʱ˾Ȼ췴ˡ
ҪĻ¸ĳ֪
˺֮һֱˮݣĸĳĻһǱĶ
ߣԭҪﳾ䶨֮ȥʰģôȥǿɾ͹ֲˣ
ЦһһԵĽΪһĵȻ
һо֮УһֱǽܻʳǴ󽪻ʳ֮
һ뵽ԼҪΪ󽪻ʳؽĹܲأ
Ϊսپɣ
׿ֺǱӣһֺ̽ѾǱ׵ָԼߣ
ֵܣôˣϽߣ̫Σˣб
ִ˿̿ףҲǳ˵֮ɫ
ߣˣ˵磬ô֪㻹иֵܰ˿Цһ
ˣ޿Ÿоոպã׵˵
ޣ㡭Ǻˣһ㶣һԵƺӦǴ׵ף
׵ף̤Ьٴȫѹλԥʲô׿ǸֵǮĻܹ׽۳Ļ
Ϊ˺¶һ˿Ц
ţ£Ҫģ
һΪĻܵĸоһ˿˿˷ܣ
ֵʱҲһ
ܿ죬㷴Ӧһﵽ˭ˣ
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һ᣿һ㶣
ܿ죬׵ӰѾʧ˵ĸǰ
ݣ
һѾֵĸǰɢ
ĽʮλɻʾǿߵķɱȥֲѹѾΧ֮һɪɪ
һ룡
ܻʹƺűŰĽʹİ֮Ҳǽ
Ŀɿڴ
˶ĿɿڴĿǰһĻڵ
ԭνʮλɻʾǿߣһ룬Ѫע
¡¡
һһӰ·Ȼ£һغϣʮλɻʾǿѾϤ룡
û˿ףûκε׼
ˡͽΪ㶵ĿǰľӶˣ
һԵֺҲǾ°Ϳˡ
ֲ
ʵֲ̫һЩ
Ҫ֪ʮǰ뿪ʱĳֻĿû뵽׻ع֮󣬾Ȼ˵İԵޱߣ
ǿʮλɻʾǿ߰м仹һЩɻʾڵǿߣ
ⲻǳ
Щ˼һǵǶս
ɾˣ׵ĳֶδ£ѾǱնɱڴܻʹ֮У
û˿ˮ
⡭ôܡĿɿڴĿһԵҲǳĽ˵ʥվǴʥϰ
ֲ֮ǰϢ˵ʥϸ۳̫ӷͻԭһ̫ţҡˣʥϣо˰
ղſ˺ҵһ̣ͷƤҲһķ飡
ԭΪԼǶˡ
û뵽һ룬ȴǴޱȵ𺳣
⡭ôô
Ϊһ׳˲ɱԼʮλɻʾǿߣҲʿˮ
˵ѾǿԿó˿ǶôĽˣ
Ѿûκε·ˣ࣬Ϊ֮ơ
˿ףҲһĭ֮д޾Ľ֮⣡
׵Ŀһ˵˵·ϣ
ߣף۳Ϊ㻹ܻãĴʱѾʳ˰ɣ㻹˵ЩҸ㣬Ͷҡ
˽Ŀף°
һԵͽΪҲŵˣ˿ﻹ˼׶Կ
͸ղ׵һУѾƵˣ
ֻûκε·ҲӲͷƤ˵
׵ֿһ˿Цݣ¶һ˿ɭȻʱ򣬾Ȼвޣ޲Ǵʥϣ޲ɱ㣬硭




2166²ŵ
 

Ǳ߾þûг
˿̣ƺָ֮ǰĲֻʧ룬תһε
׵ͻȻ֣𾪲ѣ
𾪹ǻߵ˵ߣ
£
ֿԼλܵܣҲǷŭѣ
ߣ㲻ҪִԲ֪׵˭˿Цһ
¡
׵Ľʵһ̣âֱӴ͸˵ĵ
δֻ֣Ѿûκεĵֿ֮
׼ݣ
׵ĳУֱһԵĽΪŵ̱ڵϡ
ܣ
һ̣ǵԺ֮ŵĻܣܵ
ܵûУ
̫ˣʵĪ⣬ֻĸһЩ
Сڱ˵Уڻʲô뷨
˿־֮⣬
ֵĵܵܣлͽΪأǾ
һοԼλܵܵʱ̾һҵĽֵܣǴױҴֵܵܣһ½ľǸ֣ǴܻʳΣίȫ͵һսʹ죡أ
ȿȿȣ
˴˿ѾǴڴڵĴŴоԼϵڼɢ
һֵȴĿ־ʹ࣡
˿֣¶һ˿֮ɫԹųܿܣվҪϣΪ˭ܹôܻʳ𣿾۳˴ףʳҲôױɱܻ֮ãһ£һꣿ
࣡
һԵͽΪֺףĲϣڴ̼⼸ˡ
Ʊǿ
ôôִأϸô
ϸٻĻᰡƺڼŭŴܵ۾
Ȼ
ƺ׵ķŭˣܻãǶ㱳޵ɣ޲ᱳԼֵܣȴޣ
磬Ǹһ飬ʳʳȹַҴ׹֮ЩʳѾˣ
׵˵һ仰ֱӴһԵ˵ˣ
ʲʲôʳˣ
˵ϳֳ߲ʰ쵵ɫ˵ʵʵĻǴʳȹ»ĲĶ֣
Ǵʳأ
ǿĳʳҴʳ۾ɵۼǿߣ
ʳⲻǿЦ
˴㵵ɫҴߣ֮ʳȥڼҴףǱ
ΪںƭС𣿴ʳˣΪ˭˿Ц˼ȻǾ͵Ŵʳ̤ǵĴװɣҿźܶ˶ῴõģ
ǲײĲᰡ
״Լó˴ʳͶ飡
Ͷóһ̣ȥ˿
Ͼǹغδ˵ģʳǲĸ󻼰
ʳͶһ̣Ҳǵɴ۾ʵף⡭ģ
磬㿴ٵ𣿡΢΢һЦȻʵ⼸ΧܻʳʳѾ˱ļ˰ɣ
⡭һûյۣ΢΢ҡͷ
ΪһԿţѾ˰ˣ
еͶ飬һ㲻ǼٵİʳĹ֮ЩðŽǵĸо
Ǹüٵģ
ΪΪıܻʳѾµʱˣ
ϢҲһ֪
׿Цŵ磬ֺƭ㰡Ǵ˴׵飬ôᵽܻʳأ
⡭⵹ҲǰܣѲ˴ʳ⡭ҲЩ̫˼˰Ҳһ
ʳǳʳҲ˾֪鰡
֮䣬һʳ͸ˣҲ̫ˣ
ţǸʵϾʵʵǳ
磬һɾΪ˸лģûдܣ׿֧Ųôʱ䰡Цŵ
˵ԱЩģ
ʵΪ˴ףΪô󽪻ʳӴܻʳĻʱɾˣ
һ棬ΪףһʵҲΪԼ
ΪͶ󽪻ʳΪ˱ȫܻʳһ۾ô˵أ
˵ﻰһҲȻǵģһɲΪ˸л磬Ҫϼݴģ
׿ˣһΪ˸л֣ĸлȴֻͣڱ˵һ˵ģ
Ҳţһε֮󣬴׺ʹܵĹϵβƣ
ͽΪеͶܻʳıһ޼ˣ
ֿ׳ܣҿȽ⼸˵ɡ
ʥϣһͳĽ
ֶ˵֮ʣһ̫ģ˽ʱȴҲǱǰĳŵˣ




2167׵Ĵ
 

Ľ峤ҲΪ֮һ
ĽҳΪ׵ӵãֻֽݣĽȻҲˣ
ĽһţڴܻʳĶĶԿŴ󽪻ʳ
ͻȻ˸оһĲ죡
ֻʱڵЩо죬ѲǽӵʲôܱԻˣ
˹󽪻ʳཪΪһôܵ۾ٲ
׼ʱϵһҪźˣ
ͽΪ˿Ѿǳ׵ɵۣ
ǿ˱ϣ֪Լ˿²Ҫˡ
ûڣ
˿ͽΪг˰û֮⣬Ҳû˼ˣ
һ죬ƾͲˣ
Щƫƫôɺϣ
ʹ֮ϣ
ֺվϷĽڵֲּδֱĽ
죬ĵӿ϶Ҫˣ
ȻĽˣԾ͵ٹͳͳ֮ڴˡͽΪˣ
ʱ֮
ܵٹϤ룬ս֮ϵЩ֮⣬Ķϵߣ
ҹͻȻ۾ټԤŻд·ˡ
ֻǵЩǸϵ֮УһϢӣҲһָָ㣡
ôˣѲıˣ
ǿԱߵǸˣпܰ
˲ǽΪ𣿴󽪻ʳ࣬ôߣ
ǰû˵󽪻ʳɳʹѲ󽪻ʳ˱·ˣ
ʵϣ˿̣ܶ˶Ѿǲ²һţ
ٹǰվŵة⫞أ
⫞һ۾ͿվǱߣҲӿֳһĨ𺳣
׵ɽ紫ĶǷз⫞ظֶ׻ˣ
ͻȻ֣ڵϣҲǰһʥϣ⡭ס
ֿһλ󳼣Ȼ˻ͬԼ󽪻ʳཪΪͼɱޣѾˣ
ı
⫞ؿ֣Ҳǳ֮ɫ
һôĺףȻǵˮ©ةȻǺ֪飡
ͷһͳĽ⡭
Ľͳôˣ⫞סˣЩ׸һ㶼ˣ
ܿ죬Ľһװ˻ʹ֮ϣ
Ľһ̣֮ҲΪļû뵽Ѿǵˣ
ߵʥϣߵʥϡ
Ľ⿴ֺףҲ˷ܵߵ׵
ĽĻһڣΧٹһεĿ뵱ʥͬһԵǸӣ
ʶף
ɵĽ˵˴ʥ⼸ֵʱ˶ǵɴ۾ף
λĴʥϣǶû뵽Ȼţ
׵ȷǴʵԭֻǴܻʳһ۾ѡ
ЩٹٵУǾһп޵
˼ȥμһλ֮󣬾ȻֱӶȡ˴ʳĽɽô˴׻ʳ
ͳһ㣬˶ô˺ţˣ
ټһȻ۳̫ӣ˿ףһֱζ
֪ηӢۣ
ôվĪˡ
Ľͳ죬ôͻȻˣֿĽʵ
һԵ⫞ҲɻʵĽͳ죬ضΪͳ˧ǰܻػʳǣ֪
ʥϡة࣬󽪻ʳѾ˱ˣ
Ľ⿴ֺ⫞ҲǼ˵ô꣬Ҳô꣡
񣬴󽪻ʳ˱ˣĽյ˴󽪻ʳ۾ֵױţ
˱ˣ⫞һ㶣һԵǳ󽪻ʳȻҴɱޣΪԼ˱ˣ
һ̶סˣ
󽪻ʳ˱ڴܻʳ˵һĺϢ
û뵽Լλ۾Ȼ⣿ʥǲǷˣ
ĽǴ󽪻ʳ۾ױš
ױţҲգ׵һӣĽеѾǱ˷ĩ
ֿ׵ܣǡ
׳磬ܻʳҲǵ˿ʱˡһǰҲҪл磬мݴҪ֮ͣһǽܵʳԺǴܻʳĹˣ
ۣ

Ǵ񰡣
𾪣һԵ⫞ص˺ûнԼĿˮ
ܹܵΣǿѾǲеĴˣ
ǰλʥϻʲô˵
ʥϣ⡭˰ôĹġ
⫞صһվ˵Ƿˣ
࣬Ȼ˵Ȼôܻʳһһ䣬İɣ⼸ʳġ
׵˵һţ˾һ˵пء
ֻ˾ܣͬΪʳ˼Ҳ㶼ǺˣָűͶ
ЩʳԼ˰ɣ




2168˵һĵĽ
 

⫞һֱһŵˣ
һҲЩͷ˰ɣ
ǼʳĹܻ֮ʳҪǿһЩ
ǴƴֿĻͱʳ̤ˡ
ʮսңܻʳ
һεսܻ֮ʳҪܹɣ
ղ˵üʳΪܻʳĹʱ򣬳Ϣ⫞ҲǼһ
ܿ죬ѹڳ
ʥϣҲĻǡ
⫞Ȼ˵ףʻȴѾǱŵɫ
࣬ҡһ
Ľһһε˵ˣʵ˿̵ҲһĲ
ǰߵϢ֮ʳҪḻ̫̫ˣ
Ľڼȷ֮Ÿϻģ
󽪻ʳ۾Ըϸǰ߽ױŽԼԭҲ֣
ǺЩϢ֮һҲˣ
˵ĿⶼעĽߣĽӣ⫞Ҳʵ˵Ľͳ죬ܲܰѻһ˵ˡ
ĽɤȻ࣬ҡ⻹ûü˵֪׵ΣѾˡ
⡭ôܣսĺܡǱսĴʳǿǶ۳Ϊǿĳʳ֮һ
⫞ؿĽ⣬һ͵ʵ
һ΢΢ЦʵĻ⫞ص˲ţһԵҲǽŽɣ
֪Ѿ˼֣˵ĻԼô˴׵İΣأ
ĽϢǧȷ˵ʳѾ𣬳Ϊ˴׵Ĺʥڴˣʥϱҵ
ʳˣ⡭ôأ
ǰʳǿӵɵۼǿ߰ͱˣһΪ˴׵һ֣
ģǵǿֲ˹
ҪĻǰʳȶҪ˰
һĳ佫ϢʱӶɳˡ
Ϣ˵ʵ̫̫ˡ
ʳЩʳ֮УֱǴ󼶱Ĵڡ
żĹ򣬴ʳͱˣ
ͬ𾪵Ļ⫞أоԼ۶챻߸ˡ
׵ʵ𣿿ôģ
ô궼û׵ϢһͻȻ֮ϢĻˣû뵽˵ĺ䶯
⫞ش㵵Ŀ˿Ľ⣬Ȼֿ˿ʵʥϣ⡭Ľͳ˵ġ
׵ĵͷ۾ѾҴ׷²ܱߵļʳѾǵݽͶ飬Σпǰأ
˽𺳵Ŀǰף
⫞ҲǾ̾ʵʥϹȻ˹Ŀ࿴ֻֻǴʥôģ
ЩһʱҲ޷ͣ硭תͷ֡
ܣôˣ
˿ǳ׵׵׵ĻҲһѣΣΪоԼ׵ĲƺԽԽˡ
֮ǰ׽ݵʱʵ׵ʵԼء
˼ҵĴףѾǲʳȳʳˣȲҲһĲζ
Һã׸Լǰݰӵֵܣ
ҲҺãԼûй׵ڿܻʳһˣ
׿ЦŵҴĴʳ͸ĵڶ
ʳǡǿǱǴܻʳҪǿĻʳҲסˡ
ЦŵһܻʳĹӦñ֮֮ǰϣڴܻʳԺķչҲкôġ
ԴԽ࣬ǷչԽ죡
һĺܣҲļѣ
ȺϢһҲ˷쳣
ΪԽҪְλԽ࣬ʱԴҲԽࡣ
οǶǴܵϳʱʥϻǲ
һʱ䣬ܻʳĻʹҲһƬ͵գ
һߣ
ͽΪĽĻ֮Ҳǳ׵ˣ
ǽΪоһϲˣ
ȱʣһĴֲ
ֵּ⣬ͽΪȻǲڻˣܻʳ׻ʳһʼǵǿʢ֮·
ֻҪ״ڣܻʳؽΪһΪǿĳʳһӹɵġ
ʳѾһϵˣ
״УҪΪ˸лһΪѵʱֲ벻
ԼĴܻʳȴҲ׬貧ӯּջķᣡ
֮
ױ뿪˴ܻʳһվĴ
˵ҲǳΪ˴ܻʳһصķ羰ߣһ
ҲԼյɽĵط˴λȥ׵Ҳٹˣ




2169ػ
 

׳ǣ
˴׳ȻǴ׻ʳĴ׳ǣڴĴ׳ǣ
ԭҪô˶ȥ׻ʳ
ֻǵʱ֪˰Ϫֱ֮ǰϷ۳
ԣʹ˵
˺׳£ս׷ɣ
˾͸ӵĲڻص׻ʳˣʹ˵
һֱǲ²𣬴ܻʳսҲû̫ʧ
Ƕڴ˵ǵĹԴȥμλ֮󣬾һֱѶ
ô֮Ʋѣ
Ļʹ֮УΪ׵ŮˣҲյ׵Ĺ
ǻ׵ĻԼˣ
ʮˣһֱδ飬ϢȴһֱУ
棬ʥϵϢ𣿡
޹֮УԱҲһĳݣ
ûУܻʳս׷ɣҸһϢûаЩƵ˵
ײ°ɣۿһʵ
ҡҡͷģҸ缪࣬µģ
ҸҲûϢ𣿡ÿһʱ䶼ѯ׵䣬ϣгһܹ֪׵Ϣ
ôˣ׾ʧһ㣡
үǱҲѯʹˣûκεϢ
Դʥȥ˴ʳ֮󣬱ţ뺣һ㣬浣°д˵֮ɫ
֮ǰ˵ҸϷ۳ǱҲ֪ļٵġƵ˵
ϾֻһϢһЩҲ飡
ʵϣ֪Ϸ۳۳̫ӷͻ顣
ǾЩǺߵģܣ
۳̫ӣ
ʲô۳̫ܹͻ
ǾЩ˲Զﴫѣ˸ţ֮ȴ޾ĵǡ
һأ
ģϷ۳ˡ
ǵļʶĳ۳̫ӹȥʲô³
˴󵨣ôʺ޹
˵ĻʱѾһ֮˽
ǻûлعʱ򣬾һɽХ
ߵ꣡
Щʿ̧ͷ׺ΤϦʱһ㶣漴ǹ
ಣ
ʱû˿ԥֱӷ˳˼һԼˡ
׵һ̣৵һ
˼ͬʱ׵ķ˹ȥ׵ĻУ
һλû˿ףŮ˵ʱҲĴǵĺ󱳣
һԵΤϦףҲǰһһۣ
ǽ߰
û뵽һ˴׻ʳ֮⣬ȻһʺҲˣ
ʥϣˡԼᣬϾڻǻʺһ֮Ȼع
׿ЦŵţˣǶɣ
ʱ
һӰ룬ƺ϶һĨ֮飡
׵ͻȻع飬˶оһ㵵ͬʱȴҲǴ޾˷֮ɫ
ֳֳȻֵܿ׵ĵҲǼӯ
ֳ㣡
Լԭ츳ĶӣΪһ۾ҲǼĺܣ
һԵ˸ˣ֪ײֳȻ֪Լλ˲ʧġ
״ˡ
׿ֳ㣬ҲǵһЦ
ֳĴ׵ļͺãͺãЩ궼յ㲻̫õϢ
һԵӯ˵ǰʥϣЩǿǵȵĺడܻǺõġ
һһģǶ֪ûף׾ǴĹǰ
ʱ䣬жȹ˿˭Ҳʱŵķɿ죡
׿Щɽʶ֮ˣҲǸпǧ
ʵԼҲû뵽Լɽ̶̵Щ꣬ѾǱⷬģ
׻ʳŪģ
׵֮һԵֳһ㵵Ŀס
üͷ״ˣѲû˵
˵˵һЩ˭ܹ֪أСϢʵ̫ˡҾȥãܻʳͷսңϢɰ
һԵֳȻ˵ȷ˵һЩΪѹҲǲܵ飡
ԭ׼ȴ׻֮˵Щһ߾ʮ꣡
̾һһΪҴὫЩأҲЩ
磿ֳ㿴üʵ
Ǻǣڴǵʱܻʳĵ۾ҽݵĴ磡ԭҪһ˵ģɵʱΪһЩҪȥϷ۳Եˡ
׿ֳ㣬Ҳʼ
֪ᷢ飬ʱͻһ˺ˣҲʡΪԼôˡ
Ǹʱ׻³۬ͻ飬Ҳ˵ǣ
ܻʳĵ۾ҶĴ磿ֳ𾪵ĿףǰһУ
һССƷ佫ôܻһԼĶӻܻʳȸ߸ϵĵ۾أ
˵ĿⶼǿףǶҪ֪һеô£




2170¹
 

Ļʹڣ
˵ĿⶼڴĿף׸ֽ飬ѾĿɿڴˣ
Ĵܻʳ۾ôܸʵأ
ʵϣһ뿪ܻʳȥμλʱϣֻƽ
뵽ײ˴ʳ˺Ĵ׻ʳ
Ǹܻʳĵ۾Ϊ˽ֵܣ
ܻʳ˵ĿǱһĴڰ
ЦŵԵɺ϶ѣܻʳĵ۾ݣƺҲʲô˵ɣ
⡭⻹˵飿
ֳƵĿԼĶӣг˼֮ɫ
һԵҲĴָʥϹȻۻ밡ܻʳĵ۾ݣﰡ
˼֣
ӸоԼŮţĲˣ
ΤϦûмˣҲǰֱ
ΤϦЦŵ۳̫Ӷ£һССĻʳ۾ʲô
ۣ
һ緹һεĽĿ⼯е׵ϡ
ȿʵʥϣ⡭⴫ŵѵģ
Ҳ֪ˣҲ΢΢һЦȻǴĺܿ찡
һԵȻ֪˰һʱ춼˵飬ҶΪǸ磬ֻͬͬնѡ
Сף˵ǲ㰡ֳ˶ǾֵĿס
˵Ѿǲܹˡ
۳̫ӣǼֱ붼밡ĵ۳̫ӣԺӻô
һ̣ϣ鲻ģ
ϣԽƺʧԽ
׵ͷ˵һӾᵽɤˣ
Цŵңʱû£۳ǿΣڲǶ۳ĵ
׻ص˴ĸоǻص˼һԳΪޣ
˶ԼļˣڼǰҲûбҪô࣡
ʥĸ۳̫ӷ˳ͻҵ谡
ʥϣô̫ӵħצİ⡭Ժô찡
ǰǿǵ۳̫Ӱ붼һë
ҪȻӰɣӵһû˵ĵطҲͺˣ
һһһﻹģ
׻ˣܵĺûᰡɽôܹ˵֮ġ
̧ͷףѾǸֳһĨ֮ɫ
ΤϦЦЦӣЦЦˡһﲻͱ˾Ͳˣ
λǡֳ㿴ΤϦҲɻʵ
ЩץĿ˿ֳ㣬ȥЩ̫˼ˡ
ʵ˼ĿɲΤϦһŮˣŮѾԽԽˣԼоЩĴܲĸоˡ
εһЦλΤϦҵŮˡ
ʥԺ
һҲЦЦǿÿ
һԵҲЦЦԭΤ㣬Τ㡭
ΤϦһЦһˣ
ҲƵĿΤϦŮ˾ȻһӶԼ
ΤϦô˵ȴû˸˵һ䣬ļ¸ǿû̫Ĺϵ
׸мתƻԺȥ˴׻ʳ֪ˣ״ˣҪȻʰʰȻǰΣ
⡭ȥ𣿡ֳ㿴ʵ
һţȻȥˣǿɶǴ׵ˣϾûǱ߰ȫ
ʵ˲ǲȥ˷ܼӼ
ǹڣ
ڵĸоҪ֪һӺһʳӣоһ
ԭͲڴ̫õʱ䣬Ҫ̫ˣ
磬һȥ𣿡濴Щʵ
¶һ˿Цݵ绹Ҫ죬ȰȻȥġϡ
ʥϡ쿴׺ԼҲǳ
Цŵϣǰ׵ȫȨ㸺ˣȵ˴׻ʳֱ֮ȥˣ
֤񣡡쿴Ҳǵͷ
Ȼ֪Ϊʲô齻ԼЩ˶ɽļˣ
ײڵĻôǴߵΨһѡˡ
Ҫǹȥˣ˭ʶأ
׵ͷȻΤϦϦһ·Ͼ鷳չһˡ
ţչˣΤϦ֪׺«ʲôҩ
һţҿһ£Ҹ֮ȻֱӻΤҰɣ
Ϊʲô㲻˵һ𣿡ΤϦЩƵʵ
Цŵİɣֱ֮ΤΣҿһ£ʱںܵķˣʱ㻹ǿļ˲ǣ
׻ص˴֮ҲԼ㻤ˣ
ΤϦĻҲижСĲԸĻҲνˡ
ΤϦۿһ죬׵Ļƺĵ׷ǳĴ
г˸м֮ɫţ˵ĶԣҲ̫˽ҲһĻᣬףΤҵ㡭
ΤϦĵͷƺѾǽʵ
Ȼ룬ߴˮʹȴǳһνˡ
֮ǰ׻ʳǣȴһˡ




2171³׻
 

һ·űǱУ
ԭڱ۳ڣ׵һվȻڵķˣ
ҪڣҪ۳ĳ׻ǣ
֮ǰ˵ƺڰ׻ǵĸ֣ȻӾôеıҪˡ
ԭ״ȥ۳˽һƼδյƼյϢʱǰڣ
׻ʳȹ̣ʵȴǷƮҡ
ȱʱ䣬۳δ̫Ķ˭ܹ֤ǧ֮ڲ׻ʳ
ǿʢȻ죡
۳ҲڲϵĹע׻ʳĶɣ
ڵĴ׻ʳش۳۳Ȼ˼ɣ۳Ѿ̤˴׻ʳ
з棡
ھӣñǼ۳֮໥⣡
۳׻ǣ
׻Ǳ۳ĳ׻ǵ˿ǣй֮޲
ֻⱱ۳Ĵ۳֮Ϊҵһ۳Ϊӣ
塢塢ʹ塢ħ塢ȵﶼԼ
Ϊӱ۳Ǳͨأֻ֮һƬѣ
۳ϾľۼأǸ̸ڣ۳ƿأ
۳֮УҲǾۼͥ
˵ɽΪҵĵطǱ۳۳뺷ơ
׻ǣǵ۳ʵҲΪҵһطˣ
õƺֻһ֮ĵط
һ·ϣܹһԲϾ͸ɼܵˡ
ԼҲЩпⱱ۳ȷ뺷ĺܰЩڶ۳Ϸ۳ƺѼ
׻⣡
ײ֪䵱ںδ
׻ʵ̫̫ˣ䵱Ӧڰ׻Ⱥɽ֮УҪ֪ǿµʶ˲֪ˡ
ѾԶԶĿԿ׻ˣӶ۳۳ʵҲǽµʱŽ⣡
׻ǽ֮УһҵĴ֮
˵Щ֮ʵ̫ϡƽˣҲû⡣
˸£ɱһ
һŤ׵ĶУԭ׼ȥ׶ʱЩפ㣬üͷ

һӾ뵽ԭ˵ⱱ۳һӴ
ԭЩЦǰ˾Ȼܹɽ㣿
˵Ӧͱ׻߸ǲǲˣֻˣһζˡ
һ׶ʱЩðɵĸо
һᣬǵɽܹģ״˿Ѿվ˲ԶһŴ֮ϣЩĿǰһУ
磬ʲô˼
һߣһŮӿŶΧԼǰˣҲһ
Աߣģˣ˿Ѿ˲ᣡ
ߣ֪࣬Ǽػʮܹ꣬ҲڣҵǿԷ㣡
翴Ůӣ¶һ˿ɭȻЦݣ
ֲһﲻʹɱ֣
ʵѾ˵ʵǰ˲ʲô̫ѵ飡
һ￴ɱȻʵȴֻè׽һ㡣
磬ǼûнҼػȵţʱɽ֮ȻڡҪҲǾԲܵ顭
࿴Ŷ磬Ҳ¶һ˿Ц
ܲܽȥԼ飬ֻҪ֪λþˡôһСС󣬼ҵĶС㲻᲻Ӧɣ
˿ƺûκεĶ¶һ˿ŵЦݣ
ڱңû뵽ȴ˵޳ܡҼҴӲ뱱۳֮£ҲϣڲҪΪǼң򡭡
࿴磬Щ
֪˷ǳѲʲô취أ
Ц˼ҶС㲻ٿǿǣҶС㲻ӦҵĻֻܱʾźˡ
㡭ʲô˼ɫһ䣬һɲõԤӿͷ
ٺ٣۳˭ڣ³Ҳ˾֪İɣҶС˵޶ˣǱѹ˷ڰ׻ǵĳ֮ϣǿ¾͡
Ĩһ˿ЦżҲǳ˺֮ɫ
һΧ¼࣬ҲǺײŵõϢ
⼧֮ƽʱŲŲһεõ߱Ļǻ֪⼧ҵĶС׼׻ء
㡭ھȻ˵
һ飬ҲɫҰף
ǼҶС㻹ӦµĻǿɾͲҪˡ翴ż֮࣬û˿֮ͬɫ
С㣬ƴˣԱߣһŭһ
ҶС㣬ҲҪ֪֪ڵ
˽֮ʣһӰ˵ı󻺻ĳ֣֮дһĨааЦݣ




2172ɱ
 

ԭҪ˵֮У
ͻȻ֣׵ĸı⣡
ͳһ֣žΪĲˬƺЩٹ̡
ɽΣ
ҲЩѣ
ټһﻹһ޳ܣǲ֣п¶Щⲻȥ
˿̵ףͷɫңһɫװ˭Ҳ˭
֮У
ͻȻֵһԵҲһ
ղһרעڼ࣬ȴû뵽طȻֱQһˣ
ֱ׶ȥ
翴Цһ£˵ȹ
ڣû
΢΢ҡͷһӾͼŭ˶磡
ףȻŭһɱһ
ݣ
գ֮䣬ЩѾǳ׵ķɱ
ͻıʣһԵļҲ΢΢һ㶣
һҲҪõ֮صʱҲɫ
֪һγ˸ϵĻͲˣ
˵ʲôѾˣΪѾˣұں֪ʲô˸ˡ
ӹ
֮һɱŰ׵ķ
ʹɱ֣
ѵأû˿ԥֻʵȴô
ͷ磬Ҳɻʾڵʵѣοһأ
䣡
ȭӰһ޵ȭӰƫеЩ̫ϣ
ûκεĺ֣գ֮ǰ֮ѾǱķ飡
һԵļһεĻعʱȴԭΧԼʮˣҲʣһ˹վǵĶˣ
㵲ѣ
֮˸һ־Ĺâԭƺ͹Ѳˡ
ڳֵλͷɫҵļһƺǸӿֲĴڣ
Լֹһ˰
ڰ׻ǣֱնɱڵˣǻ൱ĺġ
Ҫ֪׻ǵĵһӵŵ۳ұڣǿ൱ǿԵġ
㡭ɱҵˣ
ԭ׼Լ˽ʱǰһ
Լǰ˻ûнͱǰصļһɱˣ

˵оЩˣû뵽ԼóƾȻˡ
õΪνĽƣŸԼɱ֮
ʵĻƺǷϻ
׿磬֮û˿֮ͬɫ
ˣжͻɱ٣κε֮ĵġ
㡭㵽˭翴ףѾȥ׶ԿĶ᲻
֪˭Ǻǣƫ㣡
ЩƤ˵ȴѾǶˣ
ಣ
ǰһƺվ˼ĸǰһѾʧƬռ֮У
ͷƤըѣоһεѹϵųˢ
ѹҲܲغ˵λõʲôط
һ̣Ǹо˵ǿͿֲ
ȭ̩ɽѹ
ͷ֮ϣһ޴ȭӰѾڵλã
һﶼûüȭͷѾǽһ޴Ŀ
һը죡
ȭӰʧҲǳ׵ʧ˵ǰ
ɽ𵴣
ռ֮УĿɿڴļ֮⣬ֻʣһ˶վ޿ӵĸǰ
ڵˣϢ֮ͱǰغ˸նɱ
࣡
һԵ˿ɱ˲գ۵ħͷһǳ׵ľˡ
˵⶯ֻˮĻôǰ˼ֱǲκεĻᣡ
ߣ
ڴڵĴŴ֪ԼӦô죿
˿̣ףɫӵĲҰף
㡭ʲô
࿴׳Լķ˹˿ûκη˼
һڵ˶ɱ󣬻
ҸȣǸһεĴڰ
С㣬ؾţûж⣡׿࣬ûκεĶ⡣
ֻ˵ĻӵĲˣǼ࣡
˿̿ףǿһɱվԼĸǰһԼܹˣ
㡭㲻ҪˣҲԲܽڸġ಻ѯʣѾǼᶨ˵
һ¶ұ㱩¶ˣ
ҶʲôȤС㲻ػ̿֡׿żʼ
㡭ƭˣס
׿żֻҪشҼ⣬ұȥбҪƭ𣿡
ǡΪξң㵽ʲôĿģ
׵ĻʵҲһ˵е˿̵һɵĿף




2173¼
 

֮У
ĴǳĴ
Ҫ֪ǿڵˣ˱ʮֵǿ
ڣ۳ҲǶһĵĴڣҪԶԶĳԽ
ΪҪǣ쳣Ĳ̣ҲֶΣ
κεڵˣǼûкýġ
Ҳû뵽ԼڶϣҪ֪ǼҸ۳ǾˮˮĴڣ
ΪǼֻǲػߣ˶ѣ
ټϼұʵǿǵĻȨӵĵˡ
ǰغȴնɱڵˣ˵ԼԼߡ
ܸо鲻ôļ򵥣
ƣ
ʲô
಻ȷΨһҪģǱǱغüҵܣ
ʲôͷ
׵ĻûüһѪ
һղķɱ˲ΪͷĴ󣬶Ϊ֪ʲôͷ
˿һֿЦõĸоǱǰصļһŪЩ֪룡
㡭㲻Ǳ۳ˣƺЩоǰһﵹЩɰˡ
׿ż΢΢ͷ۳ҵһ۳ĳԺܶ鲢ǺסϣСΪҴɽһ¡
һֲɱڵˡ΢΢һ̾ǰ֪ڵı˭
˭ʶʵ֪أ
ЦһǿǱ۳Ļңûǵ𰡣
֮ǰ˵ⱱ۳ս̸ڣôһҶأɻʵ
֮ǰǸԼϢƺЩ̫Ǻϰ
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ĸ䵱ԨԴĻԼĳǸǳˡ
żһģҲüͷ




2174֤
 

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׿żҲݸһЦ⵹һ֪ĸо
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üͷ͸һɱ˲̫ϲϷˣǼС㣬ɹֲҲͬˡ
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࿴ףҲ͸һӽĶɫ
䵱ѣ׿żʵ




2175
 

һƵ׻ǣΪ֮ǰ˵һϯ
䵱ɽŽգ
ԲʲôףһţֺɽŽأ
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2176µִ䵱
 

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2177ǿƽΧ
 

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׵ĶУһ룬׻һĶǱߣ
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2178¼
 

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2179»Ԫ̬仯
 

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ǰ˾ͽףôˣ
ῴżӣҲЩƣôˣ
һԵĻԪҲǲʵǰǲЩС˰
ǰףѲǲ֪֣
࿴ˣҲЩɣ־Ȼ䵱ɵ˲֪
˵ô˼ôˣ
ԪʵЩܲ⼧һһէӣʶĻŮǸˣ
һ֣ʲôСֵأ
˵ˣ½׵Ҳֹһɣ

࿴˿ףʵԶ۳µĴ׻ʳ
Ǻǣ￴Ҳ˵Ұ
׵һЦʵǼ˵ʵҲʲôֵ顣
ǵȵطܹ˵ⱱ۳İ׻˵ȻǸˡ
׻ʲôطϢǿͨ˴ģ
䵱ϢĻ׸о˵ԼҲӦõġ
Ǵʥϣ
˿̾׷һ㣬˷ܵԸӣ
ף֣Ǻܶһ˵ż񰡣
ʥϣˣɽѾɹˣһǻʳ
һĻҲǼʵ
ɽ磬Ȼ֪һʳĵλǶôǿˡ
ǿǽڵ۳ĵڶݶӵɹĴڰ
Լ̶̵ʱܹ˵ĳɾͣԲԼ䵱ɰ
ʳ۾ȻЩͷԪ˿ɫҲԵı˱䣬Щ֮Աǣ
ǻʳĵ۾Σ
ı۳һССĻʳ۾ܹģ
ݸһЦҶѣ
ң쳹ɽ˰
࿴ף˷ܵ˵
ֻ仰һԵһͷˮ
һʳѣɽҪ˵ʳĵ۾ûһǧҲа˰ٰһССĻʳ۾Ȼܹ
Ҽ⻰˼ƺ쳹ɽ磡
ôأԪЦ⼧࿴Ƕڼҵʱ̫һЩɣ
ȻһССĻʳ۾Ȼ˵Ƴ磬⼧û氡
䵱ɵĸҲ֪һʳ۾Ȼܲڵ۳о͸һ㣡
ԪżһһէЩԲ쳹ɽ磿ôû˵
û˵ҾͲ֪ˣɽźܶӦʥϵͷģǿǸͱﰡ
࿴ŻԪԪһмģҲЩƣ
ǰλ׵۾ǿǸҸ̫浶ǹɵ
֮Ҳǳɻż⵽ô£
Ŀһ˵ˣһΪ֪أʥʮǰϷ۳
࿪ʼ׵飬һԵŵҲЩ
ʵϣԶûмིôľĶǣ
ֻҪ̫³۬ة³׵ѣ˶ѣ
ֻ汾ԽԽḻˣѾ˴սҹĳ̶ˡ
˻
ڼིĹУ䵱ɵһ˵һǵһ
Կ̫ӣ
ͳһ㣬ѾǹھȺˣ
ɽ̫֮ˣһֶֻܹĹ
ԪϢʱ涼һˡ
ôҲû뵽еλ˾Ȼ˵ͣ
ڡ˵۳̫ӣ
ῴףҲһʵ
׿ЦŵЩôɵˣǺǣҲûм˵ô񣡡
ҵθѽ۳̫ӣǿʲôĴڰ
ԪףҲҲû֮ǰֱ֮ɫ
֪ǻԼĻ˵۳̫ӣ۳ĳС죬׵ĵ˼ҡ
ǲడ
һ뵽֮ǰԼ׵Ǹ̬ȣԪһûţ
ἤˣԪˣ࿺ˡ
ÿ˵ϱ鶼̫һǶ׵¼ȴͬĲ˼飡
˭Ϣ¶ı˰ɣ
ῴ׵ǵ˵ˣҿǳڵǿûʱ򣬸Ͻ뿪ɣ




2180
 

䵱ɵĴ֮ϣ
һ˷ܣ׵ĵƽ֣
һ㣬Ǿ˵׺Ĵ׻ʳʵǷǳǿᡣ
ȴӵ֪ʵǿΣ
۳վǵ۳
ܹ۳Ҳ
ùʱɣֻһǰҪԵĿڰ
䵱ʵƽƽܲϺѾǷǳĲˣ
뿪ǿԣ˲һ뿪𣿡׿΢΢һЦʵ
Ƶ̾һڵȷ뿪ĺûᣬԴ䵱Щ˾һֱˡʱˣỹǸ𣿡
ֻҪţ䵱ϣˣֻҪȥˣԺ󻹻лΪôǼҲ˰
ԪᣬҲһϿҵ˵
ԿóԪȷԣ
һҲ΢΢ͷȻ尡ҵǾԼǣ
ˣΪģᶨȻģ᲻Ҫĳˣʱ򼴱ˣҲĿ
ῴ˵ҲЩˣ
һԵĻԪ̵λͲҪڿˣһ˰ڵˣʱҲ߲ˣɽڲûհ
ǰˣɽܹһۣѾԸˣ
ῴ׹ֵҲд˽֮ɫ
ᣬӦ֪ҵƢġ׿ᣬҲ΢΢һЦ
ȻˣȻҪʼˣ
䵱ɲô׻ĲЩԼϡ
ڲһȻõ˵ϢѲĿ˸ɱˣ
Ҫɱ˵˾ȻĴڣ
׳˻ûĹҸ䵱ɵĻڴڼһЩɣһ˵
ΪΣ׼Ȼ˵ˣҲ֪׵Ƣ
ȻһĿϲȴҲһЩǣ
ϲ䵱һһЩתǵһҪ׸ˮˡ
ǿƣɵۼǿ߾˵ʮλ
۳ΪʲôܹΪǿһΪ˵Ķսǳǿ
ᣡ
ΪһʦڵʵҲɻʾڵĲΣ
ʵϣʵȷķǳĿˣ
ʱգɵ۾磬Ҳǰ϶飬ֻҪһЩʱ䣬ɵ۵Ҳͳˣ
ֻϧʱ䲻˰
䵱ɷչѸ٣зҲǴξصһԭ
׳Żڴ۷˹ȥҲǽĸȥ
ʵϣѾǷǳˣ
ɵ۳ڵĲҲҪѺܳʱܹƣ
ֻǸǵ⻤ڴһǸӵİȫˡ
׵Ӱ䵱ɵĸ֣ȷ֮ҲǾֲѣ
ʮλ˹Ȼ˰
վĳһɽ֮ϣ֮γһ޵ӰҲǼ˵
ʲôʮλ
Ԫ˲ʲôʮλ
ʵֻжо֮ˣܹ֪ʲôʮλ
ʵϻڴķ󷨣϶ǴͬСġ
ɲ֮˵ַȴ
ͱ˵ͬʱʮĸλĻڴѳ̶ԶԶʮλģ
һӽҲǷǳĶҾһ򵥵Ӱɣ֮ǰΪ䵱ɲµʮλ󷨣⼸Ѿҵļˡ
ῴŻԪ΢΢һЦ
һԵļ࿴ʵˣҪô˵ĻʥǱ˫˿һİ
˫ǿɲǼ򵥵ֵӣ˵ʮλ󷨰ɣǱ֮֮ǰЧҪǿ屶ֹҵƶϣ㳲ֻҪҵ㹻ʯҪƿǵĻڴ󼸺ǲܵ飡
ĺãֻҪǲȥĻһʱǰȫģ
ֻ֪һĻҲøŴˡ
ʥϺǿżһĿף
Ǻǣ˿ɲһܹģ˱ǹھȺۣɽʱ̣ȴѾһ춯صĳɾ˰
ҲΪĸпҲԷθһ仰
Զ
ҲĻڴڲ࣬²һ󷨣
ΪʱԵʣ֪һ֮˿¾Ҫˣ
µٿԵֵһӣʱһɣǸ󷨼ǹҲνˡ
⻤ڴ󲻶ϵԭŵɫɳڣ
˿̣ҲǾһǵô䵱֮еҲһ




2181ٶϮ
 

ڴѹ
ѹѹһƬ˸оһֺѹǵƣ
´²֮ҲһƬȻ
ôҲû뵽䵱ɾȻ˵ĵ濹⣡
Ҫ֪´ڸ´ϲĶӣΨһĹѪ
´ϲǿڵ´һϵͷˣһͷ֮˱ǵ´ĸ׵´ϲ
ŵ´ϲһͬǰıǵ´ǿһ
ɵۼǿߣ
úܶΪ֮ĿͻԪмһ˵ȿȺɫҲǱֱ䣡
´ϲһһλɵǿ߰
Ԫһ¿ˮ˿ڵĹ糱䵱ɵĻڴ˲һҡҡ׹ĸо
ʵϣ䵱ɵĻڴԭһֱûǿйƣ
ԭܼ򵥣
ǾǿйƻķǳԴ
һֱϣ䵱ɣԳصĴ뷨Ѿǲˡ
䵱ɣ
ǶץԼĶӵ´ǵھǳ׵˺ˣ
Χ䵱ҲǶ䵱ɳ׵ʧȥġ
ټϵ´һλʵɵĸƺӲл͵ˡ
ῴԶڲףͷҲӿֳһĨ֮ɫ
ʱ䲻˰
ŻԪˣŵս׼ɣ
ȥĻ䵱¡ԪᣬҲǼȹϵϡ
Ȼ´󣬿ûȫͣ
һڱ˹ƣǵʱͲˡ
⻤ڴһһֵĳǿԪҲǽŲѡ
һԵļ࿴ŻԪ䵱֮ĲʥˣµĴһɹٿԱ֤һʱ䵱ɵİΣѾûκεİ취Ψеȴ
Ҳǵͷڸʱ䣬ҵǲˡڡ
䵱з磡
ټϽ͵Ľ´˻Ǽ䵱ɸĿԣ
´ϲǳˡ
˿̣֮У
ɵһһң䵱ɵĻڴҵĹ
ɫ䣡
ɵۼǿߵĹһĵ
ˣ˿̵´ϲһĽҲһĿɿڴ
̫ǿˣ
⻤ڴôĻò˰µʱ⻤ڴ¾ͻᱻˣ
Լ軹˽ĺġ
ղ˹ģѾǲܹԼ󵽵ܹ֧Ŷˡ
֮ǰԼĴģһ̣ƺЩɥʧˣ
ᣬ۹
´ϲ¶֮ɫԼΨһĶӱץ֪һķŭˣ
һһֵĹûκεͣЪ
ֻ䵱һƬž֮ɫһЩС䵱ɵѾŵɪɪɫҰף
䵱ɵ֮ϣ
һֹѾ´ϲһһҲǽϢ״̬
ֻ⹥δǰɻʾ֮˲ĳ䵱ɵĻڴ󲻶ϵĹš
ڵһ࣡
һŵ´ϲҲǳ´ȥҪҵʱ䣬ܹ䵱ɵĻڴ󰡣
һʮ꣬ҲҪһնɱץҵĶӣǼֱҪˣ
´ϲŭѣһҲǷŭ˵
һĵͷ䵱ɲΪֻǰǱƼˣ´һʲôΣյĻ
˵ĵҿǣץҵĶӲΪһǵĳ룬ĳΪǻ׵ʹ𣿡
´ϲΪʲô˵ĴģҪ䵱ɼѹ
ΪԽǿƣ䵱ɵ˾ԽնɱĶӡ
´ϲҪ䵱ɣڴƳֱӽõİ취
һƵĵͷһ
䵱ɸնɱҶǿɾɽˡʱ´ҲؽΪ۳Ӣ۱ǣ

´ϲһһоһĺë
ǿΨһӰһȻһ㶼ںԼӵ
һ˽´ϲģһһҰĵļһôҲû뵽һԼĶӾȻôĲ棡
ʳӣ
ǵ´ϲƺͲˣ
´˾尡һҲεĴָ
´ϲŶ䵱֮ˣ¶һ˿ɭȻᣬ֮ǲǵͷڹ굱ϰˣץҵĶӣȴûֳһۣڷҶӳֻȡһ򣬱۱䵱




2182˭˵Ҫһˣ
 

䵱
һ䵱ҲһƬȻ
䵱֮˶֪Ψһ֧䵱Ǳᣡ
䵱ڱΧ֮Ѿʧһϵĵӣ
Ͼ˶ܹΪģ
ߣҲͼԼʵܹһ
Ҫǰˣǵòʧˡ
ʣµΣ
ǿ´ϲɱϵ֮ҲлҲѣ
䵱һҲˣ
ɫ˼㣬´ϲʵ̫
Ȼû߳ڴ󣬿ΪΪ֮ˣôأ
һû̫ĺøУ
ȻˣҲ˲˵黳ǰķߣ֮ǲΪԱѡ
ڣֻǵжԣδʲô黳棡
һԾѾ䵱ɵɽŸǰ⻤ڴҲ֮ң
ŵ´ϲЦһ´ϲĶھҵϣֹͣ䵱ɵĽĶӾ͵Ÿ䵱ɣ
ᣬΪץҶܹˣ۸㣬ֻἤŭ۶䵱¾ľģ
´ϲɫ䣬Χ¶˲併˼֣
һԵһ¶һ˿Ц䵱֮ţڵĿֻһˣֻҪȿ
ߣСˣھȻ䡣ŵŽһģ䵱ɷֱ
¶һ˿м
֮׾ӵֶΣʵ˿ŸоһĶİ
䣡
˵֮ʣһǿĽѾĸǰ
ڴ˲
ɽ𻢣
´ϲзŭѣĲںԼĶӣ
Ȼǣ֪ʱԽֵĽĶӻĿԾԽС
Ҫ䵱ɣ֪֪ڵʲô̬ȣ
һһ仰˵ĺܺã벻۵һȰ棿
ǺǣҪñͶЦЦĿһʵ
ʵҲʱ䣡
ΪҪʱ䣬ȳƤʱܶһȻǺһˣ
ľܣѾ㣬Ӧ֪ɣǱ۳һڣʱҲһ֮λأ
һ侲һЩڴսᣡ
ʱֻҪͶˣնɱǻһ仰
һȰȻҲǾͶֻǸ䵱һּѣ
֪ɽ֮ϣ
ܹţһôѡȥأ
ֻҪʱ䵱ʱ벻ѡ
ɾһո˵껰֮󣬻ԪѾһɵǿߣȻֻܹʹȰķҿʵû˲˰б¾䵱䵱֮üͷǱ㲻ˣ
һ仰һ仰
ԪֱӻһĻ˿䵱֮Ҳʿǣ
ȻҲ֪һλӴ˽٣
ôأ
͸˶кξ壿
ܹ˶䵱ѾǷǳˣܶ˿ɶһЩɲҪˣܹõ䵱ɵûһ˿˿ĸм֮
ѼӲ۵ҪǵӲǵĵӲ
´ϲᣬĨһ˿Ц
һԵһҲǿЦ˼´䵱һɫֻܹҪƵĹ֮УЦˣ
ߣ֮˱ǵСָܹ֮ʲôϢ֮Ǳµˣ
´ϲһҲΪ˵
һ΢΢һ̾ͷڹǲһĲƤѾܹ֮Ϊɽǿ˰ɣ
һһϵԼ䵱ɣ
ĻԪһɫѿĺܣԼļſڱ˵Բһ˿Գܵסġ
ˣҡȥƴˡ
ԪᣬԸһǻ𱬣ͷڹ꣬Ҳŭˣ
֪ɽлƫɽУ
ԪԸˣ΢΢һ̾Ԫʵ̫ˡ
ǾôĿǵĲʺԪʵ
һԵļҲȰοŻԪǿҿǻǵȴʥϡ
˻Ƕ棿ûŪԼҿ˵ģҪһӰǱ
Ԫ鼫ȵĲãֻܹ˵ˣ
˭Ҫһˣ
ڻԪֵʱһѾǴ˳




2183¾ĻԪ
 

䵱ɵɽŸǰ
׵ӰѾǳ˵ĸǰһεĻָ֮ǰͷҵӣ
ֻЩ㵵ķ֣׵߾Ȼվһͷɫҵӣ
ƺ԰һЩҲһ㵵Ŀף
ˣˣ
ɫһϲһεվ˳ҲǼѣ
˵ʵӣɵܲô
˵Ψһָˣ
һڴ漣ˣˮʱѾǼʶˣ
ɽ磬ٹ̵ӡʼǻ֮ȥ
׵ͷ󷨻дߣҪʱ̵̫Եʣ䵱ɸˣ
ʵϣ⻤ڴļҲǷΪ֣ܶ
ŪڴȻҲֻܹסɵǿߡ
׾öԸѾǹˣ
Ҫͷڹ꣡
ԪҲû˵Ҫȥһֲã
Ҫȥһֱȥ
Ԫ
ῴŻԪ֮Ҳ¶һ˿ŭȻ֮ɫ
Ԫһֱĸס
˵ļȻô׾ϵˣЩ
Ԫ˿ᣬȻֿ˿׵λˣԪƢﹷ䵱ҲҪڶ
ηõп֮⣬ûʲôã׿ŻԪʵ
ƥ֮£
Ⲣ͵ͣûʵֻ֪֮ˣɵʲô
ȴҲͻԪѪԣ
ֻԪ𣬶ǿĵǱ̵߽ŻԪ
Ԫûģɿã
Ԫ𲻷ʵ˵Ȼû䵱ôȥĻĻɢʱһֲõͷǸܵ˺
˼ҪԼѪ䵱
û뵽Ԫ뷨ͦصģô˵׷Щһˡ
һԵԪֺοհ˻ߣǻûеɽˮĵز
ǰҪôˣڵ˵⣿ο
࿴ŻԪ˵ߵʱҲЩԥ
֪ĻԼӦýǲӦý
ԪżοʲôѾʱˣ˵ͲҪڲҴˣҲûж˼
ҧҧ촽Ȼ˵䲻ģ˵ȷǾ˵Ŀ䵱ɵʿڶʱһ²أ
˵û𰡣㱻²ˡ
ỹкܶĻûн½Ҳ֪˿϶Լ˼ˡ
ҲУҲУѲǾʲôҲĴ棿䵱ôŵӿɶذ
ԪЩļ٣´ϲһǱһֱͣ䵱ɣ
˵֮񶾣Ŷоܲˣ
ԪҾǻİɡ
Ԫ˿ףƵĵͷðɣȻԸ⵱ͷڹ꣬Ҳν䵱Ҳһ˵䵱
ҸղѾ˵ˣ˭˵Ҫͷڹˣ׿ŻԪʵ
Ԫһ㶣׵ҪҵȣҪɣ
򲻿ɰ
һԪĻ̶׵
׿ЦŵкβɣӦ֪׵ƢҿɲϲҵĲϣ
ˣڵǿڳȥĻʱֻʹ߿찡
һ׵Ӵǳġ
ܹװɣ飬Ժ¶ߵЩˡ
֪߷߿ɲ
ЦŵЩˣЩ˾ģһ٣ͣˣҿģ㲻ˣֻӵţ
Ԫ׾ȻҪԼȥҲǳ׵ľˣ
ǰλļƣƺҪλɵ۶ս
ˣˣ
Ԫоһˣ׼ֱĽడ
Ȼ֮ǰҲĸоԼϾֻ䵱ɵĸʵҲһ㣡
ǿ˵´λɻʾڵ˰
ֻɵǿߣǿôأ
ͼô㶵Ŀףƺ׸ղŵĻУ
Ҫ׼˵Щʲôֻʱȴ׸һͬźɫҵѾʧ˵ĸǰ




2184ð
 

䵱ɽ֮⣡
ɫӰڴĸǰ
ԭǱ߼䵱ɵĵ´ϲһҲһ㶣
ǲĿͻȻֵˣ漴Ĩһ˿⡣
û뵽žȻˣ
İ
´ϲӿһĨ⣬˿̼ҪйԼ
ԼĶӱ˸ץˣҪ䵱ɸѪĴۣ
䵱ɵĻڴһʱȴѹƣ´ϲļ١
Ҫͨķʽ˳ֻҪᣬǾͺðˡ
Ҳ֪ûôɵ
ΪԼĶӱץµ´ϲûйһֱߡ
һ˿˵ߣȻ˳´ǱɱӺɣ
⣬һһΣ
´ϲδ˳һȻˣǱҪģ
ǳˣȻŹˣ
ಣ
Ӱס׺ֿݣǵкâ
ǱߣһҲҡź¶һ˿м飡
䵱ɵ˻ǽסгˣ
ߣڹȥǸʲô𣿡
ǰǸȻڸˣǱ·һ
˵´ǲ֪һﵽô
һǱ۷׷ףϸǳֳ˸Ц֮飡
·ɱ׺ֿǵԤ֮Уûκεһ㣡
Ҳ룬׵˵ͻȻ־ûκֵĵط
ôԸ
´ͻȻܣǾͲԵ´ɻʾڵʵΪλˣ
´ϲһŭ֮£뵽ôࣿ
ǾֻҪǸ֮ˣǱ·һ
Σ񻹲ǱǸŪĸɥ֮Ȯһ㣿
οһѾǸоЩ޸Ƽһ䵱أ
䵱ڣ
ᡢԪͼ࿴ѾǷɳȥ׺ֿݣҲĿɿڴ
ף
׺ֿݾôȥˣ˿֮Ҳһ˿õĸо
ɵǿ򣬾ҲͬʱӦɵǿ߰ɣ
ĳκεĻҲҪһˣ
ˣ⡭ôֱӾͳȥˣ
ԪҲһԭֻǴ̼һףʵѲɲ֪ڵ
ôҲû뵽Ĵֱ̼״䵱ɳȥˣ
̼䣬ѾǱɵۼǿ߸Χˣ
Ҫǲܵ飬˵ģ䵱ɵĻڴ·
ԪҲǺڲ֮ǰļɧƺԨ
һԵļҲǾֵĿף͵ˣ⡭ʥ̫嶯˰
Ԫ𰡣֮ǰ˵˵䣬˵Ƣһ֪𣿱˵ڵλǱ۳ĵ۾ҿ˶ҳȥ
ʵ̫˽ף֮ûײҸɵ飡
֮ǰ׵ʱ򣬵ȷǺܿģ
ﻹһ˿Цݣ϶ǳܲ
ǡӦô찡
Ԫ˿Ҳǻˣ޲Լӣ
ΪԼɧֱӽ˳ݵĴʥϸıԵ
˿̣ʲôأ
Ҫ֪ڻԪǿ֪֮İ
̾һϣ˼ɣλɵۣ
ЩԼԴԼоûϷˣ
һԵļʿˮʥϸҸ۳̫ӽа壬ҡҸоʵӦҲɣ
˵ʵǿԵʲôˣǿλɵǿ߰ǵʱԮˣһҪڣ
ûеĵطߣоҪԵĺֹɵۣԵĿڰ
ҡҸƴˣ
ԪҲ׼Ҫȥֱӱˡ
ῴŻԪһɸֵӵԪҪ˵ʲôأڳȥǸ𣿡
ɡܲĿ°ɣ⡭һмȻµ飬ҡҡ
Ԫ˿̶Щ˵ȥˣȷͲƿطΧ֮У
˳Զȥ˿׺ֿݾվڵ´ϲһĸǰ
ߣû뵽䵱ɻѵİ
´ϲѾǽĿΪ׵ϣһԵһͬԼʶһԵֿݣ
׿ŵ´ϲ˵䵱ػΧǸλôߣɾ͹ֲˡ
ˣû뵽֮˾Ȼ°ҵĶӣǻǲ㾿˺ˣ´ϲ
׵˵㻹֪ҵ֣
˵˻ǹŵİɱ㱾۲֪𣿡
´ϲ¶һ˿Цݣе̫ѾǸ߸ߵľٹͷ
սһ




2185VS´ϲ
 

䵱ɽɽŸǰ
˵Ŀⶼ֮ϵĸˣ
λɵ۶λ֪ļһ
˶ǾһûУЦν֮˵Ű裡
ֻǾɢųЦʱһɱŰϢѾӿ
ԭƽ֮Уƺӿ
ݣ
һɫĵ˸֮䣬޴ĵоϯıһ㣡
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´ϲֿһĨ̵ЦݣӰһĨΪޣ
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һʽģ
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һߣһֿƺĬûжǶڵȴһĽ
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һʧԭأ´ϲһ˿գҲһݣ
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һ貶ĿĽѾ콵֮ŭһ㣬ݺݵն˵´ϲĺ֮
磬ն񷣡
ǽɫĽǸĵ۾һ㣬ŵ´ϲķݺ
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´ϲԭ߸ϵ̬Ѿʧȡ֮һĺȻ֮ɫ
һﾹȻҲɵǿߣ
֮Ȼɵǿߣһ̬˵棬õ´ϲоһİ
һ֣Ǳʯƾ죡
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һʵ̫ˣ쵽˵ۼԲ׽
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ڵ´ϲΧһһֱӽԭΧ۵һڵĵӸ˦ȥ֮⣡
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һУѾõ´ϲŵЩɢĸо
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Ҳû֮ǰźʹݣ
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ǵΨе´ϲһˣǵ´ϲİˣ¶۳Ǿ޴𶯰
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еķ籩һڵ´ϲĸǰŰȥ
ԭƴֵĵ´ϲƺһӱûټ
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ܣԲܣ´ǿɵۼǿ߰ô
ɡǸ˵ļһҲֲ̫˰ҿµ´׶༪ٰ
´ֻǱܿһĹϾͻˡ
һʱ䣬䵱ɵɽ֮ǰ˲ըˣ
´ϲȻʧˣҲֲ̫˰ɣ
ȴûзɾ裬´ϲȻЩƵġ




2186µ´ϲķ
 

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˿ǰĳ֮г˼֮ɫ
ɵ۴ս
ⱾǺܺģλɵۼǿߴսҲѵһ
ΪҪǣôҲû뵽׾ȻĴﵽɵۼĲΣ
ңǸҲޱȰ
˵֮ǰ䵱Ѿ᧿ΣĻҲǱú죡
׸ղһһ䵱ɵӼģ
˿̣ԣͻԪӶˡ
֮ǰΪ׵ȷ
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Ԫȿڣͼ࿴һʱһȻɫͨ죡
һ̣ŸоԼ֮ǰ˼̬ȣǼֱǶ˰
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ˣʥܹ۳̫Ӱ󣬹ȻǸǵİ
˿̲Ž⴫֮е׸ʵĴʥƥϣ
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˷ܵ˵䵱ɻо˰˿»ΪڵجεİԭǸ֮أû뵽ɽȻѹһͷõù
Ԫ𼤶˵ҡû뵽Ȼɵۼǿ߰ȡ֮ҡһǸ
ҪĻΪܰڰҲû˵ˣھܹ˵аɣԺ飬Ժ˵
ǰɵΪ䵱ɳǺЩ˸ɶ
˿ҲȻҲ֪ڸƣ
׳ţΪ׸ֻһ˶ԶԿ̫Ӱɣ
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֮У⽣ӰһΪİʶȻ飬ȴҲѾһΣ
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Ƕһͷˮ
ڴ˿̣׵ȴһһĲ죡




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ҿ˳ɾͶˣһӦĳʳĵ۾֮ģΪ˱ҪĻʳ׸ڣ
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䵱ɽ֮⣡
ڵһȺ鼤ܣ֮ǰ׵һأ
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׵ðһ仰ֻǶ֪ڸʲô

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ϵȻֻֿ࣬ݶˣ
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ŵ´ϲһŭӰ漴ʧȺ֮У




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֮ǰı׵Ĳ㣬֮ǰԭŨҪʤһ

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ܹܵõ̲żǿ
ƺڶʱھۼֶֻܹãԼҲ
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ײ֪ʱǳĶݣ
ʱײܹѣնɱ֮˵Ļµùľˡ
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һ̣˶Ҫ֪飡




2189˫ɱ
 

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´±˰űôһ仰˼ֻһȴԻһ㣡
ʵϣ´Ѳɲ֪ײҪɱԼĻôôܻأ
ɵǿ߶ûܹ⣬ôأ
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´Ҳ˵ʲôݻˣΪоǰصĺĸɱġ
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ͨ
׵¶һ˿Ц׼´һζ֮ʣ
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ΪղŻݺݵĵ´һ̾Ȼˣ




2190𺳵䵱
 

ͨ
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֮նɱλɵǿߣѾ㹻˷ˡ
ǵ´µһ򣬸ʯƾһ㣡
ڵһǱǹûˣ˵ԭ׽ɱϵһ̺Ȼ
ɵ۴ˣҡһѻ
´¿ɲԼĺúõΪʲôҪȥأ
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´µҰοһ̬ҲЩˡ
׵ֹͣԼĶԼеնɽ漴һЦʶʱΪܣȻ˵ĻǱͷ㣡Ըһֻƽϡ
֮ɫ
´¸оһ裬һĨײ䣡
оԼһжΪԺܹնɱһ׼
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˵꣬һ˵ȵĳЦȥ
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һնɵǿߣѾǳǵ֪
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ˡ
ῴЩѵӣҲǸϽ׳ȥ
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֮ǰ䳰ȷûŰ
׼һ˿ЦݵˣҲľģ
ǰԪ𣬼Ȼ˲֣ԺɵöһЩ
һԶŻԪ
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ǰЩֲҡ֮ǰ˵İΣǿЦ
˿ҲǷǳĺã䵱Σʱ
Ҫǣ䵱һۣѾ㹻Žˣ
ϾǸоԼӵĹˣ
һԵļҲΪ˵ʥϣȻ鴫
˼˶ӣǻǻ˵ɣ
ῴһۼ࣬Ҳ˵
ٺһЦţһж˵ģ
˻صã˴˿̿ף϶Ǵһ˿֮ɫ
˵䵱ɴûôŹ
ɽ֮ҲûôŹ
һжΪ׵ĵ䵱˾޴ģ
࿴˿ףԥ˰ʥϣҡһ֮롭
С㣬˸ովһսⶼûлָأ⡭ῴżЩƵ˵
װڰֵ޷ֻҪϢһʱˡ֮ˣΪ˵ҲǷķȻѣʲô龡˵
ҡʥȥҼһˡ
࿴ףҲ֪ԼƺЩˣǼ״֮䵱Ҳòȥ




2191¼
 

ǰң
֮У
ЩƵĿż࣬⼧ƺδ󰭣ͻȻ֮˵ⷬΪʲôأ
׵Ƕ֮ǰ֮ʱ˵ЩȤ
еĲʲô
ʵЩؾʲôĶǱȽϵĸȤ
ΪоԼҲǹãȻɽҲֻǽ֮Ĺȴõ˲ٵĺö
õһλɵۼǿ߲
һԵ̾һС㣬ҵȷǱ֮䵱ɺòȥɼСӦҲ֪ڵ
һҳʵҲΪѰֻǱڵ˷ˣ
࿴ף֮Ҳǳ˿֮⣡
׿ż࣬Ҳ¶һ˿ɻʵôˣ
ˣյ۳ߵ黹Ǻ˽⡣ʵϼԭģɼȴǲػߡ
ףʲô˵ģ
ʵҲʲôܣԼҲ֪Ĵˡ
ֻ֪Ǹʲô
ЦһҼػ꣬ɺܶ˶ڲҲѾðǾǼҵأ˭Ҳ֪ǼȨûУ
ʲôżҲǿ𣿡
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Ҳǵͷǰ֮ǰһֱô˵ģ⼧ػȻǽˮ¥̨ȵ£ôᡭ
ˣⲻڿѣǼҲý飬ΪԽͱԽΣ
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ЩȻ˵뻹һ
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һɽҲǼջ顣
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˵ÿһεĿźܶĸ֣
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ˣ
üͷһ壬֮˿ɶˮǷȥﰡ
ȻʵѾ½һΣȴˮǵ˰
ôû˵ⱳȻ˵ˣ⡭ƺܰɣҲʵ
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࿴ף֮һһĨ֮ɫ
׽ı֣׵˼࣬о͸Ǽҵľݣ
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׿ż֮ǰʱ򣬿ƺ
үүӦ֮еĳλǿ߸ڴĳЭ飡ػȨ˵λɵҪġ
࿴ףҲǼ˵
üʵ֪֮УĸҪǼҶڲػȨ
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ҡԭҪʥȥңʱ򡭡࿴ҲЩ˼ĿףȻʥϣҡ֪ܹ֣ܹҼҶȹѹصĻҡҿԸһڲܣ
ܣɽ
ˬʵЦЦ͸ȤΪػļһܣܿ϶ǳĲ
ڰңʲô




2192²ǰ
 

䵱֮У
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ʵϣʲôܣܶ˶Ҫ֪
ʱȥңЩѩϼ˪ĸо
ԿԸоóЩˡ
һԵĻԪƺڴӦҲüѣϾովһսģҪڶʱڻָƺЩ̫ܰ
ῴ׳ˣҿҪӳ鰡
ǰˣҵ鲢򵥣Ѿǣ˵ĸ߲˰ǧҪ˺۸ʵˡ
ԪЩֹĿףȷֻĲѣ
ʵǱҪĲܴĻôܻأ
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Ȼǣ
˵ʵ֮ڲҪǿһ
ֻڲ˻֪һЩͨΪӣ
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׿ż࣬Ҳ΢΢һЦʵ
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Ǳ۳ոնɱλɵǿߣʱǱ¶ǳô
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ʥϣҪҿԽܵģǼһΰȻĶȹΣĻǼһṩʥϵģοڼ
仰Ǹһջ
һԵῴżҲЩʵҪˣ
ˣʵԭǼҲδ㿪£ֻܹǰܹǼҵΣǴʥϴ˷ܹΣǼҡ
Ļδ˵ȥѾ˼
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2193
 

Ԫסˣ
Ҳסˣ
һԵͬһ㶣漴뵽ʲôδ˵
ϾϵܿǺܶģ֪Щñ֪Щ鲢ܹñ֪
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ĬˣԪͼɲ֪⵽ôһ°
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ǰˣովһսһաձǰĻ·һڵǿɾ͡
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ûüʵô£û뵽׾Ȼ͸Լˡ

׿һɻӣЦŵȻֺʥϣԺǱֵ֮飬ҲǾ֮꣡ԺֱҴ׻ʳɺã
򲻸ҵֿݴʵŻ֮λҡ⡭
ҲЩ˼ĿףʵûдﵽǴֿͬˡ
һ˼ֿĻʱǸӵĲ
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ңῴ׾㵵ʵ
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ܿ죬Ǿһεĳ֮У
ĸ֣׹Һܿһεĳ֮С
ˣ
ĸ˻ֵĸˣȻˣŮ֮⣡
Ȼˣм⣡
һԼͽһʵ̫һЩˮˣҲŵľǵʵǿһЩ֮жᣡ
ϾǰǸŪʱһԼͷʲô°
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ˣ
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֪ɽ֮죬ɿȲķʽƺҲδţ
ῴףЩɻʵʥϣ⡭ʲô֮֮ǰó֮ƺһˡ




2194¾˵Ļָٶ
 

ڣ
׵Ľ֮˻Ȼ
û뵽ɽȻд˵֮
Ŷоǳţ氡
һ죬׼ǽɽ鶼һ䣬ֻһЩȥ˶ѡ
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ǾڵʱΪʵĶѣ飬Ȼ֪ԽԽˡ
ϥ
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ǱԶһֲϢʲô
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ܹܵõżҵĶ˿̵ݷΪһɳ졢Ϊ
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Ȿе飬ܹɹǶ¶Ƿǳ䶯ˡ
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ǱߵûκεԴնɱ˵´ϲһ֮ƺ伣һ㣡
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ῴ˿׵ʥϣڿʲôıأһʱĪӦҲ׵ǰ
䵱ʱӦû£ڴټϻڴıӻһʱڲκεġ
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Ԫ׵ĻҲŲɣھ˵Ҫ˱۳ĻоԼҲŵġ
ǿߴһţЩʱڱ˿ǷǳäĿġ
࿴ףҲǼ˵˵Ļǿ̫˰ִ磬ǡڳ
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һƣ˵Ӱʧ䵱֮У
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ֻǻʱҲ֪ͻȻֵľ˭ˣ
ȻȻ뿪
ȥҴң䵱Ŷо׻һֱһ㣡
˿̵׺ͼ࣬Ѿǳżҵķˡ




2195¾ļ
 

۳ң
ڱ۳һĴڣǵĴƺֻΪػһ㣡
ļ壬һ˵ûԸġ
ԴڵԽԽ󣬶۳ҲǸĻ֮ͥһжЩͬˡ
Щȷһֱÿһʱ俪һΡ
ϾɽΪصĶ֮һһʵرǿļ
һУȻ˺ܶ˵죡
ĸҲ˲󵽵ʲôĵ̻˵ģǱҪӵŰռܵˡ
ڴһʼܳﻮĿŵһҲΪ˵ԽԽĽ
ʵϣҲ˵˼۵ĵز
ֻˣѾǱ˸߽ˣûƵػҪ֧ȥҲǲܵġ
˳֮һȺŽᷢչˡ
أ
ƺֻΪǰ棬һЩΪλãϧжԵ໥ᣡ
λûʱȱţ
´ڣ
ʱļٿ飬һεļ峤֣
ļ飬Ҽٿ
ɼһٿĻ飬ѾǵΣͷˡ
ɫأΪɵۼǿߣҲǸֳһĨĵ֮ɫ
״ˣ໹ûϢ
˵֮Ϊ磬ǼĸףҲǼҵ峤
һһŮŮ֮ǰļ࣡
һμѣҵĵϵɳȥˣ
໹δҲд˵֮ɫ
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״ˣӦþǽ죡
ɫӿֳһĨˣ֪ԼŮˣҲΪ˼
үүҼѾǱ˶ˣҸյ׻ǵʱ򣬱ڵˣһĻҲѾǱһץסˡ
Եǰ棬һ˵⻰
˱Ǽ׸磬ҲǼһ̳Ԫ
ԪҵϣᣬʵȴѾǴﵽɻʾڣ
ĸ׼磬Ҳɻʾڶѣ
֮ĲಢǺܴԼԪμ飬ǰˣΪݣʵ츳ȡġ
磬ۼԼҼ̸ǵ̸ǲ̸
Եߣһµ߳ʵλͬҲɵ۳ڵļ
ǼԵĵܵܣ񷣡
ܹһֱܺõĴţҪΪֵܵʵǳǿ
һֱԼʵڼ˵ڵ
ƺѾЩסˣ
̸ȻҪ̸ģҵҪۼǲ޳֮ȣĸڵ˹ĻҼұ˳ˣ
ŭһɫҲЩѿ
ұƵزΪǿļ֮һۼң
翴żԺͼҼػǶ˲ػǱǶҼҵĻ꣬Ǽһкڣۼͱˣҵֻˣ
ˣֻǼǰˣžͻᱻ̤ƽɣԿԼĶӣҲ΢΢ŭȵ
үүҾѾ·ˡΨпңܹתע
ԪԼүүҲǳ
²߰ҼǰſĻǵʱɾͿƲס˰
ԿԼӣҲ΢΢һ̾
磬֮ǰǲѾǰҲԲܹʧȥĿȨҵǾãǼӦЩǰ
񷿴żЩ룬ƺϣ
԰ڰֵܣǵǼһοˣɰɣ
ʲôһΣ˿żԣһɻ
ÿſһΣŹȥãһοǵʱڱȻȹ̣ЩǴҪġʱһǿɾû̫˰
Կ΢΢һ̾ҲΪĵ飡
ûƣ˾㵵Ŀżԡ
ԳƵĵͷҼҵĿƣǵĲԽ죬ΪľԵ֮ˣǰЩνĽƱ
˿żԣƺҲǸоԣ
ǰĻڼ˵ǲԸġ
ɼҲ֪ɻ˲ҲԲܽĿȨġ
֪ʱ˿ɲؼҵѵÿ꿪һΣ
˸Ҫ֣̽˿һżҷεĵѾ˽ɫЩţ




2196µۼң
 

˻Żţ
ԿˣҲһ֮ɫǼҵĵӿ峤̬ŵĸϽ¹
峤ˣۼˣ롭峤ˡ
˿żҲЩ߶µ˵
ʲôۼˣǲ˵˰ºô£
ԵĨһ˿ľ㵣Ȼû뵽ۼʱȻˡ
°ɣõۼ֮ŵȺǣ񷿴˵
ҵţȻǲõۼҵ˽ģϾǼķˡ
ԣǸۼ̸֮УǲȥۼңȻҲܽۼҵǸŪҵ֮У
ĻǼұٲľ棡
ܣƺЩŹְԿżԵ˳
ǰۼǰ˰¹Ѳɳʲôʲɣɫĺܡ
үүۼͻȻãҿ϶ǳǲġǿҪȫ׼
ԪԼүүҲ˵
ҵزκ˶⣡
Կ˵Ǹǻǻ㲻ѾǼĵزˣȻۼ֮ǰҵҪʲô۶ӳ
Ŵ֮У
ŵۼҷεǱƷ㣬ƺûκεı飡
ʱǿһ˵ȳֵʱҲûκ˼
Ե߽ʱ򣬿Ϊ֮ˣҲЦһⲻҲ̫Ҽҷ˰ɣ

ۼҵĸ峤Ҳǵۼ峤׵ܵܣ
ǵۼҵĸ峤֮⣬Ҳ˵֮һ˻Ƿǳġ
ֻ񼧼Һ͵ۼֻһ㴰ֽûͱˣȥ˭Ҳٸ˭κεˡ
ԣҴ㣬㿼ǵô˰
ż¶һ˿ЦݣƺûнԵĻڶС
˵ǵۼһ̫ҼػǵۼҪƻ˵Ĺˣ
ԣΪǵۼΪ룬ǼҽػȨ
żԣҲѿһ˿Ц⣡
ΪҼ룿ޣ
ҲЩ̲סˣһﻹ޳ûе߰
żԣ㻹šƾǼҵʵֵܹסڻǱ۳Ұ𣿡
ߣҼҵ飬˼ȻͬˣǼػǵۼػһ𣿡
ԿŵȻ֪ۼҵҪʲô
֪ۼҾûаĵģ
ܣۼҸȤֻѾ۳ʲôף
ô֪ۼʱҪĿȨǾԲһʱ
ԣҪҵۼΪ˵İΣġɲǼҵĶ˵ĶȻûػǱ㽻֮ػŲںͱ۳
˿ԣĨһ˿Ц
ƨǵۼҰǼҵʲô˰ҪᣬǸҼҲݣ
̲סˣŵûиκεӣ
żԣĨһ˿ԣ۸ӵʱöţ򡭡
ôߣǵۼΪ˵Լ壬ȻΪһ˽˶֣бôȥ䵱ɣȻԼϣǲҪˣ
˿̸ܲˣڵѾ޿ˣ
棬̸ȥʲô
ԡ񷣬֮ǼûκεĴ𸴣ǵʱɾ͹ֲǵۼˣ
Ĩһ˿⣬Ϊ˸һޣ
ֻǵۼΪʲôԲôĸȤΪʲôͻȻǿޱȣ
һмԸ޴ӵ֪ǵۼҿǾԲôðɣ
ǵۼҽҼұƼˣǲǰ
Կŵ˵
ң
һ㶣Ȼû뵽⼧ҾȻһ֣
кβңǵۼҲҼһ·ҼҲţػȨԲܸǵۼң˱ƣ
Դ˿һĵȻ鵽һʲô̸Ȼûˡ
ǻλϣɡ
ϴһ˿֮飬˿ڼͨŵڴȻվŵۼҳϷεߣ
ֻλеɱΧ֮һĲ
ۻλɵۣ
Եɴ۾ǰһУ˶оһͷƤ飡




2197±ļ
 

ۼΪ˵һ壡
ǵʵȻӹɵģǹϵɵۼǿߣҲ˵֮һ
ŵۼҵλɵۼǿңǾ˾֮·˽֪
ԺͼֵΪɵۼǿߣǵı֮бԿóƵˣ
ɫءţ
ҵɵı飬˵һУ
ԣԭҪһ·ȴ֪ô
ʼմһŵЦݣƺһжƿ֮С
ǵۼΪ˿ƣ
ʵǲףͬΪ֮ˣӦһپһġ
ۼȴô룬ƺ֮˵⣡
ЦһҵۼͼǼܹ֪ģǽػȨҳҵۼңҵۼȻǡڤ粻飬ǿɾ͹ֲˡ
ͬΪ֮ˣǾȻҪǳǻҰİ
ԿŵҲǸֳһ˿ľ֮ɫ
ղŵһϯҲǲһָӾɫ
ۼƺһֱͼıʲôֻǲ֪ѣ
ǳҵۼһῴһССˣͬΪˮ֮ˣȷǻԻ͹أˣԣڸһλᣬҪôҪô
ЩͷĿżԣƺѾǵͷ
ǿ͵ۻ⼸λǿߣҲ¶һɾ֮ɫ
ͨŵڱ͵ۻɵǿס
˵ǰ·ֻһˣǱ˳ӵۼ֮ˡ
ɱ
ƺûκεԥѾǶһ˳ǹбӳ֮£ҫ֮⣡
䣡
żԵĶ֣ҵţһӱ˻ս֮У
ֱӳŵ֣һԵļһӲɵۣ
ֻǳ⼸λɵۼǿ֮⣬֮ƺûκζֵļ
ɵۼĽѰ֮Ѿûκΰ취ˡ
ΪƵɵ۳ڵǿߣ͵ʵಮ٣
һԵļսۻһʱƺҲǴѷѽ⡣
ɵȴʼմһ˿ȻЦݣԼ·ҲǷǳż
ܸоʲôԾĵطǵۼҴ˿ĻµʱǾͷۣҲ޼ˣ
֮УŰһɹɿֲϢϵĽ٣
սѾһĴĿˡ
һʱʱ䣡
Ժ͵ƺѷѽ⣬һԵļȴѾЩвˣ
ŵ͵ۻַըǼ㹻ǿ󣬿˫ȭѵ֣͵ۻʵ޶
һԶ
ȻԾרԼ֮Ƶġ
ҵʵ֪ΪĵۼңǸ֪ҵʵ
ܡ
һһ۲һߵơ
ǼһλɵǿߵĻҲ˵׽ˡ
ûоûа
ۼҸǼҵŶǣȻǶԼź˽⡣
ߣԣҵۼҵʵֺֹǼҵļͶۻǿԿǲ򣬽ձǼ֮ʱ
żԣ¶һ˿Цݡ
ǼΣǼҸһͬʧˡΪǼܹõػȨ
ԵҲ¶һ˿ĲмǼػô꣬ô׵Ľǵأ
ǼԼԸ⣬˭Ҳܵõܣ
˵ĵǺеֻ֪Լ˻᲻֪أ
˿ԣ¶һ˿ζЦݡ
٣ͲҪĻˣǼ֮˾ԲЭģ
Կŵ˵
ʵⲢţ֪֮ˣԲˣ
⼸ˣڼԿԼΪ֮ˣ
ڼԸ˵֮ʣһƺѾǷֳʤ
͵ۻҼйֱ˶ļ񷣡
֮УӰʧѾǶ˼ˣ
ʦ֣⼧Ѿ£
Ÿǰĵ֣˿ҲǴһ˿Цݡ
ܣ㡭û£
ԿԼĶܱץҲŭĿԲҲһ֣
ɵۼǿߣױץӦǲ̫ܵ飡
ֻﻹôʱȥأ
ԼΨһİ֣Լ׵ܵܶץˣԵҲӿһĨ֮ɫ
磬ҡ
ɫ쳣ĲҰףƺźǿ
ֱץżӣȻżԺٺһЦԣҸһʱ䣬ǽػȨҿԷǼҡ⼧ǵһˡ
䣬Ѿҧгһ㣡
Զ׵Ӱ켣˼ҵȺ֮УֻƺûκγֵĴ㡣




2198׵Ļ
 

ִ磬롭ȾҶүүɡ
Ⱥ֮Уܶ˶Ǵ֮ɫ
һƬȺ֮Уƺ˶˼ϡ
ΪΪǿĶ֮һ񷱻˷²һƬֻ֮У
Ⱥ֮УҲһƬ֮ɫ
ԭΪۼҲôĹ
ɵǸϵߵʱ򣬼ѾȾ
֪Ǵ˿׳֣Խ˵Σ
ΪڼѾǱˣܡ
׿˿࣬΢΢ҡͷѲ㲻Щ𣿡
֣ô˰ִ磿
࿴ף֪˵ʲô˼
׵Щͳ˵λүүɲ򵥰ɵۼĸ֣ôôױ˸ץأ
⡭үүһ˶ԶսλɵۼǿߵģץҲİ
ˮҲһɲõĸо
Ϊ׻л
ԼĶүүᱳѼңǾԲܵ飡
׳ղλүүǹ¶һ˿űܻ񣬷ʱҪץסǲܵ顣
ִ磬㡭˼Ҷүүǹⱻ⡭ôܣүүǼҵĹǰԲᱳǼҵģԲܣ
׵Ļʹҡҡͷ
׿ż΢΢һ̾˵ʵүүû⣬ҳֵǿԽܶ飬үүĻǵʱ¾Ͳôˣ
Ҳֻǲ²⣡
ȴһĸоǰλԾԲôļ򵥵ġ
Ǽһɫ֮вδرŵĸоղſ⼧͵֮
˵ĹϵԲһ㣡
ڼ֮ǰеķʸһĻо
⼧ѱĻҿ˵ԵĴˡ
ڳ֣
׾÷ʵ̫̫ˣԼҪȣҲǰ׼
ִ磬ҡҲţ
Ҳ֪ӦôԼˣ˵ԼĶүүѼĻҲš
ԴӾ䵱ɵ֮󣬼Ҳǰٷ֮ٵţ
Լŵ˳ľ棬֮һļ尾
׿żһＧҽΧֻһΣڲµʱҵģұ֡㲻ҵģҳҲûκεˡ
ִ磬˵Ҷģ
ﻹʲô취ԼĶүү˼ңȻȥʮֵĻ˵Ȼһ˿˿š
˿̣һεĿԼĶүүʱ˸оһĹ죡
׿ٵ˵ۼбһ̽һ£үүĻүүǼҵ˿ٽšүүûĻ͵ʲôû˵
װңǵ£
˵ҲźܴΪ۳ΪصĶ֮һҲҪʲô
֮ǰ·ϵʱѾ˵ˣǷĲµĶ
йأ
Ҳڴ֮ɫֻû뵽⼧Ѿǵȵز
һߣ
ĿŵҲǴһ˿Ľ֮ɫ
ԼĵܵܣҳԼеһλɵǿߣӣкܣ
ʮֵı
Ǽı֮
ż˵аʱ䣬ԣ㻹᲻еǵȨ
磬㡭ҪȾҰҡһ
ƺЩһ̬˿̾һС֮ˣг˾֮ɫ
ɵۼǿߣȻʱ̰
ⲻ֮и˺ܶĸ
үүүүץˣǼǽػȨµۼҲܷŹǵģ
Ԫżڱŷǳԡ
Ԫû˵ķݣ
Եһתƺ쵽һ˿ĲͬѰ
ż¶һ˿ʤЦݵǼˣǼҲһλɵۼǿߣҵۼҵĴҪ̤ƽǼҼֱ練ƣǽػȨ񷲻ǶԲ
״ˣڡڵΣΪΪ⣬廹ϣҡҿ
翴żԣҲ¶һɱ֮ɫ
ɫ粻ԼĶˣΨƴһ
ԼĶܾȻץˣһԥҵƺԼһ֮䣡
ֻʼվʲôط̫Ծ
峤㲻è𣿡
ڼԥ֮ʣһڼԵƺһ̵




2199¼ڹ
 

һһ̵
״Ⱥ֮˳һƺеĿⶼϣ
˿̣
һͻأ˳͵ۼҺͼҵ飬ⱾͲ̫Ѱ
˸оЩͬѰǣƺڻ
˳ѾһĨâ
ֻƺţδ
Կףֿ˿Եļ࣬Ҳ¶һ˿ľ㵡
ԭΪԼŮ϶Ǳˣ˰׻ǡ
û뵽ڼ֮ʣԼŮȻˡ
Ե΢΢һ̾ʵڵϣԼŮҪܵԽԶԽá
ǼҽѣһҲѵˣ
Ǻˣ
Կǰļһδ׵Ļֱ׵ݡ
׿ż΢΢һЦһ磬ɣҽּ򣡡
ּ򣿣Ҳˮģ
Կף֮дһ˿ķ֮ɫ
֪ԼŮǱˣʲô飬ڳԼ˿˭ŵġ
ż˵ԣ㻹мӵʱԿǣ
һʱƺûеɣԿŵ˵
ɫһŭԼŰϢż˵úúã۾͵ǵһʱ䣡
תͷ׵ּҲʶҲ֪㵽˭ֻ֪ղŵĻʲô˼
峤Ϊɵۼǿߣô̵ʱ֮ڣܻĿж󣿡
׿żԷʵʵǼ񷱻ɱ⵹пܵġ
Ҫܣɱ̫̫ˣ
ɵۼǿߣҪܳʵ̫̫࣬򼴱ɵڵǿҪڶʱɵ۳ڵǿ߶ѶĶࡣ
նɱûôߵѶˣ
⡭ȷѣҶܡ
ԵЩ벻ոһֱЩо֣˵ĻȻԸţԺ֮Ҳڿʼ֮ǰˡ
˵ҪܵĿ̫С̫Сˣ
ô̵ʱڣӦǲܷ顣
ԼĶȴˣ֮Ȼ˵ԼȾ֮о͸Լжϣ
ۻɱ
еâӿ֣һǿҵɱûκεڵֱף
һԵĵۻҲ¶һ˿ȻЦݣ˾Ϭһĳ׵ķ˹ȥ
ݣ
ĨɫĽ
֮һ𵴣ǿĽƺҪһ赲Լǰˣ
׵Ƿһ˿Цֻһ㣬жϳ⼧϶⡣
ˣ
һΪǿϢب֮Уûκεи
һԵļŭһץסᣡ
ݺݵĵͷ׽ڻѾǳԼүүķ򼲳۶ȥ
ã
ƺоһ˿˿ĲʱۻѾǳһƬյ
һƬյüԵ˿ٵԼ֮У

ۻ׵˵ĸǰҲоһ˿Ĳ
סȥ·һ̱ûȻˣ
ݣ
һ˲䣬ԭΧмļˣѾǽ˼ҵţûκεԥ֮ɫ
ԵķӦٶȲν죬ҵĻ֮ʱŵıǵǴ޾ŭĹƮȻ
ֻϧһ
ԵѾǽ˼ҵ֮УҲܳˡ
ֻһΣ
еķ֪ˣۻǱߵĹƺҲܵһЩ谭
˵ĹȻǰȥļһ׵Ļˣ
У
ۻֵȻû㾡ȫ߰˳ɵĹû뵽СӸɵĻˣ
ǵƿ֪ˣ
͸ɱ⣬żŭһΧ
ĸλһһߣ
˿̣ƺ¶ԼȻһҲǶס׵ȥ·
׿żЦһҵжûдҳİ໹ǿɱ
ߣǼҵʲôʱֵһˣľܣۼ峤ͼ־һܹ֪ģƻ峤˵ļƻҪżһᣡ
˿Ҳû֮ǰ̬ȡ֮һĽթ֮ɫ
Ȼı¶ƺûκε֮ɫ
񷣬㡭ͽ
֮УӵɵùԲƺЩŵĿǰһĻ
ʵϴղŴż֮˽ŵһ̣Ѿ
ԣҴ磬һڵۼ峤ǰΪڤ粻֮飬û뵽㾹ȻΪ˲ǵֵ嶼ܲˣҡҶ̫ʧˣ
Ͽһŭɫܵ˺ܶίһ㣡
񷣬ҪڷϻˣҪթʹ˼ˡ겻ǻȥкùӳһ˵
ڿףζӳ£֪ʲôطðļһͻȻ֣ôأ
һɱѾڼҵӿ




2200¼Եľ
 

ţ
ŭɶĿԼ׵ܵܣôҲû뵽󼧼ҾȻͽԼ׵ܼܵ񷣡
һԵļҲĿɿڴԪͼ࿴ǰľһҲ֪˵ʲôˣ
š㵡ʣ
ζӳ£
ʵ벻Ϊʲôջݱӣ
Ҫ֪һֱǼҵ֧ҲǼɵۼǿ֮һ
żԼļſڱ˼壬ȴǻԵġ

һ̺޲óȥɱԼĵܵܣ֪ΪʲôһҪԼļ壡

Բɣ𣬺ܶʵѾˣ
֮ѻ
ϾһѣǾûκεĻͷ·ߵġ
״ˣôᡭ
ҲյĹԲżгŭ
Цһ壿ԺǼûˣԺҼҵˣ
үүӦô죿
࿴һ汻Ĵɵ۸ΧҲЩˣ
Ǵ׵۾ڼҵĸǰնɱҪھһӵġ
ο˼Ϊ˾Լüβѡ
࣬Ǹּ˭ĻǼҽ¾͡
Դ˿̿ףҲг˸мҪ˼˵͵ۻĸǰҪſǲˡ
ôһյ
ԥ֮ʱץסˣԭѰ˼ԼǸ׵̫ܵܲá
ڣѾЩˣ
үүּ֡䵱˵ѣҲˮĳǿߡҡòزŻȡִİ
࿴ԼүүҲǷһ˿˿Ŀɬ
ڣԼôֵõģ
׵ĻҾѾѾȫûˡ
࣬ôôأ˲ɣ翴ԼŮŭһ
磬ʱ˽Χڻܹúõվ˵𣿶λֵּܴ˿̻ĴɵΧĻǸһЩΣ
ԿԶ֮еףҲ΢΢һ̾
ҵزþǽһЩ˼֪ˣҲԸߵۼһˡ
ǸףǼҵܣֻ峤ܹ֪ûͨʹӦ˼ңǵʱ˼ͻΧɹǰҪǸǲأ
翴ԼĸףҲǷ˵
ȻǸˣ
Կż絭˵
ǼԵľҲΪ˱׵ľ
٣Σ֮ʣ˿ϳѾʮѵõˡ
Ǹˣڣ翴żҲһΡ
΢΢һ̾˵ʵνصȷУҲֻܹ˵ʤްɣҲΥԸ
үүһֱ˵Ǽ⡭Ƕܹ֪ȴҪһˣ
ԪԼүүҲһķ˼
ˣзִ磬ʱȻҲ֪ġڵǵּСֵܿҪ˵˰ˣˮķ߿ҪһӢˣ
ԿףҲ͸һӵĿЦ֮ɫ
ȻܹĴɵ۵ѣ
˵ҲǣλɵΧһˣҪѿɱȵ컹˰ҲǳƵ˵
Ԫͷ˵ʵҵϣһܹǼһһЩϰ
࿴ˣЩŭ˵˼ִȻ˵Ҫ֪ܣ˼ȴʵİǣ˵˼𣿡
һҪ֪ܣôƽ޹ʵİǣѾͷǳ֪ն񣡡
ǰãЩΪֶܹΣӦþ֮һΪΪ˰ҿǳŲģһ˶ܣǺεȵջ󰡣
ԪԶΧףҲЦһ
ˣּСֵҲǼҵĶˣǾôԴǵĶ˵𣿡
ԿżͼԪҲŭһ۹һεĿ棡
˿̣
ԵΪ׵ļɵۣҲⷺģƺһ̱Ҫ׵һ㣡
ֻüЩֵǣⳡƺδκκ֮ɫ
һһƵӣҲ֮һɵĲ֮ɫ
ಣ
ڵ׼֮ʣ׵ߺȻֳһӰ
׿ͻȻֵӰĿһ۵ֿݣˣ˱㽻Һˣ




2201ս
 

Ĩһ˿ľ֮ɫ
ΪԼƿһУҪɱǰһʱһ߾Ȼֶһ֣
棡
һȻҲͰˣĿһεĶԼ
һɺϮ˵ȫ
Σ
һ̣оһǰδеΣ
ɱ⣬ǰһԼģȻһ˲䣬ȴĸоˣ
ǵԸģ
ΪƵɵ۳ڵǿߣôᱻǰһŵأ
õоԼʮǣһҲˮķߡ
ˮķߣû˭жôţأ
Ȼǰ֪˭ΪˮߣһðǵۼңǱ·һ
Բѣ챾۾㳢ǵۼԵζΣ£۽Ҫɱһ
һһԵĵۻм񷣡
ŵ̵ʦ֣˹죬ǧҪϵҿսپĺã
ߣҵݺɽأû¹˭һ֪ĸʯͷĳļһҲڱǰţ
ϳֳһĨ֮ɫ
ȷʵȻɿ׵ģϾɵǿ߰
ȻһԼһ˿ΣԴСģȴԴΪܣ
Լɵ۳ڵǿߣһһŪЩǲģ
ԸɲԴڴˣ򲻹һλɵǿߡ
õ˶֣ҲΪԼ˺֣
Ӯˣŵף
ˣҲԵʱȺ֮
ңԿģ
ʦ֣ɵСһЩɫ뷨һ
ǵİˣʱڰæҲ٣
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ΪɵۼǿߣҲһֱܵΣУΣԴڶδ֪һֿ־壡
˸ڼҵŸԣ߲ư
ˣ
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һ˵ɵۼǿߺѣɶ˵ȴʲô£
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һɵǿߣȴһ㣡
ҲΪʲôղ׻ɼһԭԼϣǻԽ͡
ǷһϣԽͣ
Ҫڶ̶̵һ˲ҲƷ£ץסһλͬɵǿߣ췽ҹ̷һ㣡
ߣҪ漧ҳͷҲÿû£ЦһеȭͷѾǳ׵ķɱȥ

ƿ֮һȭӰѾڿӣһööŵڵһ㣡
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ɵ۳ڶ˵Ѿնɱˣкξ壿
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ɵ۳ڵǿ֮Уûһ˵ܹһԿģ
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һС㰡
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˴˱˴ˣھʹȥҲҼҵ鷳Ļܹ֮ѣ
׿ŵͬΪˮķߣ׵ҲǲԸһ
֪ǿͶģ
Ľֻܹһĺʤ֮ģҲҪһﵽʲô֣
ߣǸɫͿȾҵۼҺҵǿԿǷһ·Цһ
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׵۾ûдҵ˺̸ڤ粻ߣ֮
ˣ
ڵδ֮ʣȻһʯ
һɿֲѹһҲӿǵʯһеߣֻǾƯ֮Уɢǣ
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׵üͷһ壬ĵһӦǼƷҾǼƷ֮еƷ
ͳǿֲԸоⶫĲƽ
ʱļţԿԶĶѾЩʧɫ




2202ɱ
 

ţ
Եɫֱ䣬ΣҲ΢΢̾Ϣһ
˿쳣ĽţͻȻֵһʯģĶҲЩɻʵүү⡭ʲô
ɱ
һԵļ翴ǿɢŹϢĹҲ¶һ˿Īľ֮ɫ
ɱ⡭ʲô
˰Եޱߵ֣иоһĽš
ȻûԼүүἰɴԼүүԼ׵ѾǿԿóⶫˣ
ãλִֻܹร˰ɱû뵽ۼҾȻⶫóˣ
Աߣĸ缧ԪҲ΢΢һ̾
Կżɱɽĳ֮һݴǵĳλµĴɱɱɵۣܶ㰡ǸղŵóⶫĻҵܶܲ˰
ԵȳһĨ֮ɫǽע棡
ɫһĲҰףҲЩµ˵үү⡭ôǡǺ˴ʥˣ
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˼ĻҲбһĨ˵ľ⣡
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һԵļԪƺڼղһʱ˵©ҲǸоһĺ档
æ죬֪ԼΪ̫һ˵©ˣ
ûûʲô
һ飬Ͻҡҡ֡
Ҫ֪֮ǰ׻صҪ˵ԼݣϾҵǵ׻ȷ
⼧Ҹ۳йϸĻʱԼٱ¶ڱ۳ľڣ
ԼǽԼݽȥ
ײɵ֪ƾԼʵҪԿ۳ڳ˵Σ
Ȼ˵ԼԱ´࣬Сʻ괬
Խأ⵽ʱԽɵ
࣬Ǽ֮ˣھȻΪһƭүү翴ԼŮҲЩһ
һ㣬ǸּļһʼЩɣ
ΪһǴźǿĿߵġ
ɼҲ룬ʲôҲͼĻ˼ɵۼǿߣƾʲôǼأ
ҧҧ״ˣѾӦ˱˲˵ݣȻ㲻˵ġ
ּףҵСλʥϰ
ԿԶףƺҲ΢תһЩ
׵Ĵϣɽ綼Ϊ֮䶯
Ӣš۾ҲǼҪһˡ
ֻǼû뵽λʥϾȻԼߣǰżҶɹѹء
Ǹǻ
Բö֪ɼûдʥѾ֮Σλ֮иڸ۳Կĵ۾ʲôҲ˵أ
үүʶǸһԪżҲЩƵʵ
Ҳһɻʵǰ״ˣ⡭ʶ
ʮǰϷ۳ǿɻǵãԿżͼԪʵ
Ϸ۳˼Ϸ۳Ķ࣬һ
סף
ԿżͼԪֱ˵ؼʣ
үү˵ǰǸ˱Ǹ۾֮³۬ͻˣ
Ԫ˴Ҳǵһ
֮쳹ɽ磡
ףѾǳΪɽһĳżˣ
׵ĴŷǳǳĶ࣬Ѿ˺񻰵ĵزˡ
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̾һû뵽½ɽλǿߣȻǴˮˮ֮
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һԵļ̾һȻүү͸׻и֪ˣǻΪʥϱܣϣ¶ԼݸԼҪ鷳ڴʥϣӦ˺ġ
㡭˵ʲô
˼ͬʱ˼֮࣬ɫüҲһ
ҡҲô˵ģһ
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ڡ
ͼԪ˿ҲǾþûлع
̫ǿ˰
˷ǧʱ䣬˾Ȼǧʱ䶼ûУʵѾǴﵽɵ۾磡
ҪɽĻǴ̥ҲܴﵽȾ簡
ԿԼĶӺӣȻ𣬴ʥϱּҼֻּûдʥϣ

ͼԪô㶵ĿףԭֲмѾǳ׻ȥ
˿̣׸ǵĸоһֲŭĵ֮
ȻǵһĨ֮ɫļ֮˶׵ƺӵһЩ
ֻǼ棬սһ




2203ѹ
 

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ɾڵ׼֮ʣͫһԶ׵ıȻһ״ĶҲ΢΢ü
׵Ĩһ˿⣬˿ѾǶһ޵״壡

һչ˵ǰ
ֻʶ֮ʵ֮٣ΪǵһҲûù
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ԭҲǲѹǣǰΣԽ࣬ҲǲϵĿԼϵĶ
ҲҪԼܹӳ
һһǿĹܣǱǺɱͬĹЧѹһУ
ߣõĿǼƷΪóһֵܹס۵Ľ̫ˣ
һ㶣漴Ƿһ˿Ĳм
״ȥƺԣɵȫܲⶫжôӴѹ

ô׵ĸܵأ
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ף
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ͨ
գ֮ʣ˫ϥһֱӺȻ¹
ˣ
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ȻصϢǲסȴ֮ǰ뷨ѾǱˣ
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ģʵ̫˰ɵ֮սȻƼ򵥣һһȴ˹ְ
ŵʧ֮£һ˵ȳ׷ˣ
ǼߣһĿɿڴЩѾ˵ˣ




2204Ѿ·ɵ
 

ţ
һĨ𺳵ĳþõĻص˵ĸǰ
ɵ۳ڵǿߣֱӱǰ֮˸ѹˡ
ȫԾ
˿̣˵ĿⶼͶ˲Զףʵû뵽СС֮£Ȼ̲˰
˿ף֮жһĨĿ־壡

һչ˵ĸǰԼ¶û뵽Ȼ˿ֲĴڣ

Ȼ鴫
Ҫ֮ʣԭѾǳ׵ʧ˵ĸǰ
ʧӰͬļƷɱҲһͬʧ˵ĸǰ
·˵ĸǰһ㣡

˿̵ףһսڵۻмĸǰ
ۻмȻǱһиסˣ
ֻһ˼Ǳߣ
ײǲ뽫˸£ǸովһսʱԼϵʧ̫ˣ
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ֻȻˣɶλɵȴǱߣҳǰ
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һԵĵۻͼ񷿴ŵ˼ǲԼͬ˼Լĭȥ֮д޾ĺ£
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ԥһ֮ҲһѵľǾȳưͿ
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ǺǣҵҪһ£ʵ̫ķ治Ϊһ±ҴЧҾ氡
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ֿһȷղɢҲǸоһĪļ£Ҫļ޵ʲôط
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Ҳ¶һ˿ЦݵҵĵԺҿҵһĺ÷˰
һЦżҵֱȥ
˵ֻһȺ㵵°Ͷļ֮ˡ




2205¾̾ļ
 

ţ
ԵȻվڴһ˵ͶųһOͣ
ŵۻȥǵоþòƽ
λɵΧǼǾһľ氡
أ
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أ
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࿴żԵүүʥԼŵԣҾҲӦǵŵԣ
˵ĲҲֽ֧׵۾
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֣ܶʱǿ˸
ףںܶһǿ֮УʵѾһżˡ
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׻Ų鰡ǿ۳Σ˼һǿ
ͬ״£¼Ԫû۳̫ӵ·
ŶǺǣԪȻҲ֧ˣԵüͷչЦʵ
翴żҲǵ״ˣҾԪ˵ûʥϼȻǼңǱǼҵĶˡοˮ֮ˣձȥ˲ĴУҲˮĽ𣿡
簡㿴ĽǶǿһЩʵûʲô̫ܣһǾ֪ˣֻҿ´ʥⶴأʧ
еǵĲǲܸ߲ף˼ҰȣʵЩ΢
Ϊܣںܶ˵˵˸û˵һ
࿴żԵүүʥһصˣҾֻҪгŵʥϱ㲻Ϊǣ
డǴʥ֪˲֮һǶȥǼҾͽҪٲľ˰
翴żҲ̾һʵҵĵľǼҵİΣ
ڲػȨû˼һ̸ʲôػȨأ
峤
ڼ簦֮̾ʣ׵ӰѾǳ˵ĸǰ




2206²ܣϣ
 

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ԿͿĽ뵽ߣ׵ҪܣɲΪڴ֮ͥµ¶׵ݣ
׺ֿݵӰԵϹһ˿Цݵʥϣ֮ǰҵȲ֪ʥϵݣðһ
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ʥ֣֮ǰΪʥ鼱֮²ѿڶҵȻ治֪ʥϵݡ
ЦŽ͵ʵԭҲǴװɵ
ɱϾѾ֪ˣԻǲҪҴŵĺá
ʼ֪֪ɣʵҲν飬ֻϣλǲҪȥĺá
˵ԼЩУ
ڱ۳ⱱ۳۳һɲԼгΪԼݶˣ
ܹһ̣˵ҲǺ²
οԽأܶԽû̫Ĺǡ
Լݱ¶ڼңҲûʲôֻҪж֪Ǳν顣
⼧ܲڶ𱨰ɣ
ǵʱɾͲܹˣ
ЦŵǰʥϾּҲʶʥϡ
ã̹ȻһЦ˱
Զ׹ֵΣѣɴʥϳ֣໹治֪ôлʥϵĶ
峤л뼧ԭȡ֮ǰҵЩȤԡ
£ԭҲϲ֮ˣ
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ȤΪʲôҪҴأ
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ЩΪѣʵΪѵʵ㲻ʲô̫ܣ
׿żԵӣЦŵǼ峤ΪѵĻҲΪѼ峤֮ǰȻ˵ò˶ҽҲ֪
ǡǴʥΪҪӦҼң
סˣԭΪ׿϶ǳŲ˶ġ
ԼԸ˵Ļλʥϴɱ䶼пܵ顣
⼧ȱ˼񷣬ﻹǰλɵۼǿߵĶأ
ΪΪ⣡
ΪԼԥױף˼ҾȻ˵ⷬһʱԼЩС֮ĶȾ֮ˣ
һԵļͼԪ㶵ĿףƺҲû뵽˵Ļ
˵ɫ΢죬ȻǸоЩûţ
ЦŵΪˣ
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ԿףʵЩ㲻ǰλɵǿߵôˣ
Ұˣʶ֣
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Ӣۣҿɲҵ
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ԳһʥϰҼҶɹѹأڽ飬ǱЩ˵ȥˡܣڱ֮ʥϡ
Ŷ峤ǾÿУȻԸϴˣ
һĨϲδҪȼ˵ܡ
⼧Ҳ˵ʱȻҲһ̽
ֻܹǰ֪һЩܵĻԺĽкôġ
ʥϣҲҪ̫ڴҼҲػڶѣǲµĹ屦Ҽɽ֮ʱҲֻǲɵļū
Կף˵Ķʵ
ߣҲ֪Ǽ֪ʲôܣҲ֪ȫ
ЦŵɵǺ˰
ʥϾȻ֪ŷұӣ
ԿףƺЩײ֪ɣ׵ָоġ
ʼǲ֪ܹӵɵۼǿػĶԲ̫İɣ
ʥ˵ûǰɷ磬ʱǺ䶯ɽ簡
ԿףҲ¶һ˿ٹ⣡
һ־ٵĸоߣͷҲһ
磿
ֻҪմߵĶûľһļ
˿̣ЩڴԽҪ˵Ĺڲˡ




2207²ܣ£
 

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˵Ŀⶼ˼Եϣһ̣ƺûн˺ȥ
Ҫ֪ܣֻмҵ峤ܹ֪
Ϊѱ䣬üбܴ
ҲѾҪǰŲֻҪѰٵԵ֮ˣʱǵҲˣ
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ԣǼҲֻܹػŲˡ
ǵۼҿƣҲԲôżȥǰˡ
״ˣ費Ҫرһ£
żû뿪Ǹ׻졣
ҲһżԣȻ֮ǰ˵֪
ɼĹؾǹأ绹Լı֣
΢΢ҡͷѾǰȻǼҲùҼұ۳أرܣ
ŶһϵһˣһҲЦʵ
ʥȻϵϣǵϵϣһôʥʵĻ룬ͬŴʥϵĻȱ˶һЩֻһֻܹʥϵ컯ˣ
ҲǲҴƱϾǼΪɵļūǲġ
ҲΪˣνҲֻ֪һЩ֪̫࣡
Ҳ֪֪һЩܱȲ֪Ҫǰɣ
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Բδƹ̫Ļ⣬ֱ˵
΢΢ͷ˱ͼ峤ˣ
ʥϿˣ¶һ˿ЦݣܿɫȻʵܼܺ򵥣Ǳǲ֮һͨ
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׿żЩɻʵȷһܣ
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ԿЦŵ֮һͨλ໹ǲ֪
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Կ׵ӣҲʼʥϣҼഫĲܡҲ֪ʵ㲻ʲôܡ
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˵Ǽ֮˲˵ҲᾡѰЩġ
οƾ׵ʶҪȱ˿ٵѰⶴڻһЩġ
֪ʥЩʧ⿴ƲܣɵȷǼܡٴʥϲҪŽɣһ˼ȥѰͨ𣿡
ԿףҲǰοһװɣ
ʵԼЩûţҪǷǰǸܡ
أ˼Ҵʥ˵ƺǿЦһ㣡
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ȷˣȻ˵ܹ֮Ϊܣɻһҵǿ԰ʥϡ
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׿żԣԼһֱ˿˵ĸо
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һ費Ҫô죿
ԼӵһָٶȿĻʱԼûкء
ʥϣȻԽԽãѾ֮ʣʵҵԸʥϣԵܹ̳ҲʡǼұ˵ǰʥҿϺһЩʱգûĻǡ
˵ԼػƺѾΪ˼ҵѨ
ΪˣҪһεĿ
ҲֻۼҵעŻڲϣһиֶԽ룬ʱһƬս˭˭˵أ
ҲֻܹĻ֮вܹıһ˿
û飡
΢΢ҡͷһ㿪ĻȻҲʡȥ׵ȴʱ䣡
Ȼ֮˾ˣԸʱȻҲո˵
ż˵ȥʵҲ֪⼧֮˵뷨
˵ۼңڵˣѾ֮ߣ
Ͷ·²߶ѣײδֹԭǣڼ˵һ¡
ڴ֮ǰҪһϢĵôˣ




2208µۼ
 

ǰϢֶߣ
һӱ÷Ҫ֪ɽŷұµض
Ҫŷұ˭
λɽɽνͷ쵱Ĵڣ
ܹӵŽɳƺŵŷұӣǿɽǿ֮һ
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ŷұӿɲǽɵĴڣһλʦ
ԣɽϣܹڲֵһ
ЩΪƽһֱûдƣԲһֱڼҵػ֮С
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ΪԣΪ۳ļ֮һȶԼҶ֣ʵϾΪܹռһȨ
˿֮ڿž޴ıصģ
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ΪԲǲıأ
ۼɽֺڶԲ˵Ļأ
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˿һϢ˿ȥȻѣ
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ڶ֪ԼηһĿռ䣬Ҳϰ£
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׿ŵ¶һ˿Ц
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һھԼϵһ⣬ôоôУô򵥣
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׶ʷ˽⣬ɾڲ˽֪ġ
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ҲʿˮҿûϹ˵ʱ֪ôġ
˵ӵСĽֲô˳ְңԭһﾹȻҲǴˮġ
˭֪һʲôԨԴأ
׿ŵҲЩ𺳣û뵽ɽ羹Ȼܹ˵еﰡ




2209±ѡĵ
 


һ±ƣ֮˻˹Ŀ࿴
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ֻû뵽յɽ磬Ȼ͸˵ļ巢˳ͻ
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ͷ۳һֱռݣҴȻҪñ۳Ϊˮߵĸˣ
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Цһɲܹĵ˳ʺ
һ֮ǰˮʱͲǸʲôöڵɽ绹Ҫ۳
һĳΪ˵۳ĵ۾Ļǿǵ۳ҵĽˣ
ЩŭסԼ
Ϊޣ
ܹʲô취أΪ˻Ҳֻܹˡ
²˽Ҵ磬Ҵִô꣬һֱǾҵҵ
ҵҵ֮˰ɣΪˮķߺõĻֺҪıأ
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̾һҪΪһǱҪʵ֧šŷұˮķߣҴ˼˱ˣ׻ƵܹõһݱأҵۼҲҪһݱأ
ǶֵɣҵǻǸʲôɸ˵Ŀİɣ
׿ŵǿޱȣ
һţ׵ûûУǵۼֻΪʵԼĺԸѣ
˵֮¿˭ܹõɵıأǱ˵ˡǵۼͱˣõʲô
΢΢һ̾ۼҿȥЩԸ
ۼҰװʧһλɵǿߣⲻ͵ʴ
ҷ˲ɣ
һϢӶ쾪ĵˡ
׿ŵ˵˵ɣǵۼҵΪʲôô
Ѿڵжд̣Ҫ׵Ťתľ棬˱ҪҴ粻˾ʹʧϣԺͼҺ̽ѰɵۼҺͼһֱͣǴˮģӦ֪ɣ
ףֻЩȦ֪飿
ҡҡͷΪʲôǵۼҲͣ˵ǵۼҵʵǱȼҪǿĶɣ
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ңĪĺˣ㶵Ŀŵʵ
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ʵȻҲǲ⣡
ԥһһֱǸ֮أҲǽŸĻɵղֻڶ˶֣ҴΪȥûκεıҪ׼һʯ񣡡
һʯ˼ңȡȷһʯĺüı
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֪˵Ѿûκεôˣ
İɣȻҴӦ㲻ɱ㣬ǱŵԡҪ»عɽ磬ǾͱҪһˣ
׿ŵ˵ǾԲˣ
ףüͷҲ΢΢ʲô񣿡
ͶңԶʧ
׿ŵ֮Ĩһ˿ĺ⣡
Ͷ㣿ɴ۾ףȻѾˣ·ǲˡ
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ͶһĻǶ˶ˣ
ԼɵۼǿߣͶԼĵˣⲻǱЦ
ԥһ֮Ѿǰ¾ģȼͶˣлڻصۼң
׵˵Ͷңţ
ãҵڴģԺԸΪЧȮ֮ͣ
Ѿ˾ϣȻҲǺԥֻľôĺúƭ
Ҵʲôԡ׿ŵм˵
Ӧôˬ죿һﻹΪԼ
ײһĽһ־ĥѡ
㡭ʲô˼
ɫһʵ
һԵֿݺٺһЦȡľѪʥȻˣ
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һ䣬ڴ˿׵ѾĨɱ⣡
ŵ˵޲ھ죬޵ޣ㻹δȡѪǿɾ͹ֲ޲ˣһ
ţҡȡ
лҲѣǷϵ˵ϣЩ׸ζ
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ǰ˼ĻᶼԼԼֻҪҡͷһ̾ͻᱻնɱƬռ֮ˣ
һ̣ܵЭˣ
Ϊֻ֪лŲŻϣ




2210
 

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ľѪȡֶһǿİ֣
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֪˶ѲˣѰһЩɵǿ˭Ըȥأ
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׿ŵ΢΢һ̾ɵڣϧ˰ΪãʱҲҴ׻ʳΪǿս˰
̫ܣ˽Ҹ磬Բܶ˸׳Ƴģʼ
ţ ֪ˣú˱ǣ׵ͷȻҲϥʼԼĻָ
죬ڿǽһʱ䣡
һγڼҵʱ򣬴˿̾ʣһʱҵʱˣ
ڴ˴εĲ׻ǳڴģ
ϾǲŷұµĹ屦ŷұӸǷĳǿߣ
ǿµı˭ڴأ




2211¾ļ
 


ʵɽλ֮УһĴڣ
ڵλñڴ
ֻھҿ֮󣬼ÿһζ᲻ͬ
ɼǲͬķ䷶ΧҲڼҷԲ֮ڣ
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Գҵۼ˴ĸ֣ʱʥϽ֮ǿɵСһЩ˰
ǺǣϢô죿Цʵ
ǰϢڲŴȥģ֮ǰҾ㣬ɽȻһʢ硣
ǰʥϣ֪һ֮пɲǱ۳ģͨҵ·ѾǱڸ׵ķˣ
һԵļ翴Ҳǳ
ڸˣѲǲŭ𣿡üʵ
ŭȻ£ڵıǱ۳ҿ³۳֮⣬ѽ밡۳ְѹأ˾ҪҲǷǳѣ
ԿҲʼÿһβ
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ʥҲ뵣ģȻڰͨȻģԵʱһƬս
ԵԱߣ翴Ҳǳ
أȽȥ˵ɣ
Ҳʼ磬ȻĿǰʵҪӱס
ԼҲӵԼƲ
׾ãԼĿǰӵֿݺ͵λǿߣӦûġ
ڵõɵıأһ˵ҲֻܹԵˣ
ʥ
ԿףҲ΢΢һЦ
˵ʵһǿпVIPĴ
ԿԱ֤׵һ֪Լܹ֧ŵʱҲǼӵʱѣ
ܿ죬Ե˸ױһɽ֮У
һεѹ
׸оһЩ죬ŲԶһϿȵ
ʥϾȻԿóڣ
һû뵽׾Ȼ޾ɽ֮һ۱㿴ڴ
Ҫ֪ǰһ̣ûܹ֪ʲôط
ȴ֪ˣһӱ㿴еĲͬ
΢΢һЦҲǲ²ѣ
ʵϣǲ²⣡
Ϊӵ࣬ڿռ䷨Ȼ쳣
Ͽȵռ֮쳣ĳӯƬռ֮оȻһ˿Ŀռ䷨Ƭĺۼ
˵ʲô˵طǲɷʱŽģɽ翪ٵһƬռ䣡
ɽǿߣ»ûдӴĿռ֮
ռ䷨ʱ䷨䣬ǲǳı־
ʥϹȻǵطǲڣĿǰܹģôʥǰܹάֵʱֻӣ֮󡭡
ûмȲʱһоҪԼ컯ˣ
ѾǾˣǾԼ˵Ŭˣ




2212ǰ
 

ǰ룡
ЩܣȻֻǶݵӣӻܹıܶĶ
ͷɫң˭˭
˵ݾΪ˲Լ
һλ۳֮ˣʱ¶ԼݵĻǿ»ޱߵ鷳֮У
ڵףûйг
Ͽ֮⣡
һεֻ󷨿ȥҲһ۷ѣ
ǰ֮ǿǿ֣Ҳֵֻܹҵʱ䣡
νҲ˼
ԭ֮Уһ󷨾ȻȻƳˡ
ſڣ
ԵѾǶһɫķģĿвסĬʲô
ʶҲǿĵôŪɵģ
ǿߵֶΣȻһܹģ

ԼһĹ򣬼ɫһĿбŷһ󱬺ȣ
еıȣԭƽϿȾǱ˿һ϶һ㣡
ǵ϶ҲֻܹһֻͨǷ϶֮󣬱㲻
ʥϣ²˳٣죡
Զ׵ͳĺͬʱҷ·˵һ㣡
ɽҲΪ֮һ

һ˲䣬״Ѿ˵ע⣬ԭڼҵЩǿһϿȵķ򼲳۶ȥ
ײֱӳǵ϶ķԾ룡
ܿ죬αʧһƬ֮У
ײ֪ǣ˿ڲ棬Զž޴ѹά󷨵ת
ˣ
׽ǵ϶֮ƺһռ䣡
ƬռһԳɵ磬
ٵأ
ǿ߲ܹ飬һ㣬ӵһƬĿռ䣡
ֻȿռ䲢رĴ󣬲һƬռܹ֮ĵطʵ֮٣
Ƭռ֮ҲĻһʱỹĲܹ̫̽Զ
ƣ
һʾޱȾ޴ƣҲĿʼϵǿ
⼧峤ᵽͨ
׵Щѣǵʱ˶࣬Ѱͨ¸ӵ鷳
һƬ򲻶ϵ˸ϸ̽ÿһĵط
ȷһƬ̲֮ŲƵıأ
̽ʱ䣬ٷ˺üѼƷҪ֪ÿοʱֻһʱ
һɽǿ߽ǵʶ˵һʱһҲ̽鲻꣡
οЩƷصĵطǳأ⼸ӵʱʲôҲֵܷģ
ûʲôرĵط
üͷ𣬰ʱţҲЩ
ʱʲôҲûзֵĻһƶɥʧ
ûоãʱôǿ֣߳Լܹ˵Ĵݣ
Ͼɲһĵط
οһνǿ߿ûκεƣ׼ֿݺ͵Ҳλɵǿߡ
Щڵȸ㲻㳲ɳǿҲ̫ٵġ
ף
׳ѵʱ򣬺Ȼ֮оǰһǱȻΧĿռ֮ƺҪӾ˺ܶ࣡
ȻйŹ֣
׸ߵһʱȴһƬЩͬ
ɵӽϸ۲ʱȴǰȻһ޽
ڣ
ǽ֮ϵ֣һƬ޵Ŀռ֮ɢ󺮹⣡
ڽ⡭ⲻ׻ư˻֮һľڽѲǲŷұƣ
׿ڽ龹Ȼһ˿ķ
˿˿Ƶһ˿صϢ

һҲǼѣ˵ʵԼնɽԭǼƷɽ
֮󣬲ſΪ˰
ûһ˿ɽٵζȴѾǴﵽ˰ļ
ò˵ʷΪâ¶һֻȥƺô
׸оܺȱʲôƵã
ڣȱ
ȱЩʱҲһ־磡
ƾһвȱķɽױܹоóŷұ֮
Ϊɣ裬ѾǳԽͬȼĴڣ
˵ΪɽǿʦҲΪˣ
â¶
ױܵľ쵽ڽһ˿ΣյϢȴͬʱһ⣡
ڽ·ƺǿռ֮ΪԵĵط
ڽȴΣյԣλǲΣ
һǱߣʱƺһӶӰ
̫ˣȿ˵ɡ
̾һʱ̫̣ѹҲûκηӦʱ䣬ֻܹҵȴʱˣ




2213׵ļƻ
 

׿
һǿϢ뵽˲֮Уɵۼǿߣ
ʵʵһҪУҲǺ̵ʲôôġ
ǵʱʲôöĻҲǱնɱ
ԣһεĲνɵѣ
ڲһ˲䣬ʮλɵۼǿ룬ɻʾǿߣûУ
Ⱥ
ЩɵҲǱѣʵҲ֪ж»ͽ
׼УҲδ̫˵ĻɣֻЩεӰֻѣ
ʱ˶֪ʱݣ
ֻҪûо޴ͻ£˭ֻ׵ڶ̵أ
ȻǺõط
ʱ׵Ĳ෽ѾǴһײ෽ԶһƷ
Щɵۼǿ˵ƷȻջޱߣ
Ҫ֪ɽļƷǿмеģ
Ǯܹõ
ΪһĴڣƷÿһλǿ߾Ķ
ⶫȷֵģ
ǰﻹʲôꣿ
ʱǱЩ棬ҲֻܹѾõɵǿһεĴѪϢ
ִһɣ
ڵҲǱ۳ɽΪǿɽǿ֮һ
ܹˣһǺպ
ֻǸִһ˵֮ˣƺУ
ִһɵâһ촽ϷʵҲ΢΢һ£ѾԼǰˣҲЦһ³Ǳȷֵģʲô˼
ô˵ǲˣ
˵֮ˣΪ³ɽ
۳֮һҲ۳۾³ĵܵܣ
ǿ֮Ľ棬һӱ˺ܶ˵ע⣡
ߣ۳Ī̫˰ɣĶ֮ƷǱȷ֣³ɽ۳ˣҲ˱ڷֵĶɣ
ִһɿ³ɽһǿѾϯΧ
ȷԼгͻҲֻһ֮
ÿ˶ϣűû֮ǰܹõһЩö
Ҫ֪֮ǰ֮Уɵۼǿƽġ
һεĿţһӿôɵǿߣЩöȻǱƽʱھҪĶĶ࣡
˵һεѹΣΪѸٵһΣ
ôһĹѾٺüƷ
֮ǰÿһοܹھһƷѾǷǳ׵ˡ
ǽ죬òͬˣ
ԭ˲Ȥһ³⼸ֵʱҲǻĿǱߣ
۳³
Ǹ³Ѳʲôϵˣ
Ȼ۳ɵǿߣܹŪһ׾Բģ
һƻѾԺγˣ
һ۳³ɽΪףһߵӦþִһΪˣ
һϲģ

˼ȶҲ¶һ˿Цݣ
ֻЦݱɫĶڵ˭Ҳ
ޱߵŭ𣬴
ֻһǹģƷ˶ѾǿҪﲻסˣҪǰأ
׵ļƻһѾǿʼˣ
ڽǰɣ
ڵĵطλƫƧڽƺĬĬţǿߺѷ֣
Ҫʶǿ󣬿»Ĳط
ֻ⿴Ʒƽ˾ֿɵõľڽ׿һ޴壡
ɻǹݵģ
õͨѰ֮˿¸ܽˣ
ֻЩ׵ǣɼȻ֪ѶĸߣΪʲô˵أ
һУĿǰ޷ͣ
һνˣ׿ɲκεĺ֣
ڻ۳ǵۼ֮ˣϲģ
ȻˣһЩʶ
ʱѾûʱȥôˣԼȥԣǵȡڽˣ
ţڽܹΪڴˣԲôļ򵥣

һԭڳִֵһɺ³ɽλǿѾ˳ķ׵ߣ
ܿ죬Ǽ˸ϵߣ
׿ó˵˸ŵĶ̰Ŀ⣡
ǰ˭ֹܹˮأ

ȸϵȻ³ɽִһɣ
һһ⼸ֵʱ֮ǰֵļƷ֮һԣ
ǣһλɵۼǿ˵ջжˣ
³ɽִһɽĿԱߵľڽʱ
Ȼǰ
һλŽɫ۵ӣĴм˹




2214º۵
 

棡
޴ڳ˶ԵòˣҪ֪ǿǰ
ɽ磬ӵаڵˣûеģ
ΪɽǿıУһʾ˼µջ

ִһɿǰ֮ˣҲǹĶҾ
λŽɫ۵ӣǱˣǱ۳ĵһҲǱ۳ǿ֮һ
³
ļƣһҪһεĲ֮У
˵ĲԶŵۼҷεӲδ

һӥһĶŴ˴δԭȻܼ򵥣
ΪۼҸ⼸Ķ֣
Ҫʲôݷ
ڷǳƣǰԼĵܵܵɳȥҪƼң
ôҲû뵽ԭԼ׼ͻϮҵԸȻˣԼ׵ܵܵ
δɲϢѾ
ԭ׼ʦڵҪɱҵ뷨ҲǱͣˡ
𼧼ȣȡıػĿ
ĳ֣
ѾɵۼǿΪ֮𾪣ֻǵЩ֣
һ˷ȱأ˭˴󷢲ˡ
۲ŶЩˣλͷɫ֮ˣע⡣
Ϊ֮ǰյϢ䵱Ǳ߳һǿߣһɱɵǿߣװƺЩƣ
Զ
Ϊ۳Ĵ³ɽҲһЦˣ
ˣ
ĳ֣˳׵ĺˣ
Ȼ˴˶ڴкǵȴһĶǰľڽ
ǿǰ
һһλɵǿߵսһˣ
Ϊˣ˭ϣȰڱ˵Ŀڴأ
³ɽԸ⣬Լˣ
ͬˣǰҲѾûɽˣ
³ɽ߸ϣԭΪ۳֮۳ҪǿһЩ
۳ͱ۳ǽҪͳ£ŹͬĿ꣡
ֻ⹲ͬĿ꣬ڽƺˣ
˵⣬˭ܹ׵Ըأ۳϶ġ
οԭǱ۳ؾǸӲԸ⿴ԭԼĶӲˣ
ҪȥĻԺ󱱷۳ʵԽԽ۳ˣ
³ɽ³ΪˣȻӦÿ㣡ұ۳Уұ۳۳֦ͬķϣĶ³⡭
˵ЦˣԹ߾֮οɲҪǸǵĹϵ
³ɽЦһ˿ã
棬˵ĻʱȥµñԼĴ

ܹõĻ۳Ȼܹٳ߸ͷһ
ԣ³ɽѾøִһȥʲôĶˣѾΪΨһĿ꣡
ʵ˶Ϊ֮ıأ
Ҳֻ֪Բǣ
֮ǰԼػһõĶ
ǼҽĻҲΪڽ¾ıˡ
Ͼ׵֪֮ҲǼΪǿĴˣ
Ǹӣ׵Ҳĳȣ
ٿ˵һ㣬ıؼֵԱҪ߰
һ뵽ߣôܹأ
ߣ³ɽ鱾ǿ۳ɲԭұ۳У۳ɲҪ̫ˣ
³ɽҲһ
һԵ׿˽ŵӣҲǳⶫҷֵģ
˭
˼ͬʱͷת˹ȥͷɫҵףû뵽ֲµʱ򣬾Ȼֵ֣
ٺ٣λڿɲݵʱ򣬲ֻһʱʱ䣬ѾǹȥСʱˡǸλٲȡĻҿһûлˡ
ЩΣ˵ʵھҪһֻֿŵ
˲ֵĻʱʱɾˣ
ĪҪҵȵƤӵر
ףϸֳһĨŨҵɱ

˭˭
ûʵûʵ³δûʵЦһȻ³ɽֵμ³
㡭۳֮ˣ³ɽ¶һ˿ϲɫ
ԼȷֵĻɾվס˰
³ղҲ֪¼ݵ񿴵Ҳе˰£²˳٣ȻȵõģǾǵģ
˵žҪֳžڽķȥ

ִһɼͬʱ˵Ҳǳ׵ķֱӺɱȥκε棡




2215
 

ڣ
սһ
³ɽִһֱӶ׶֣Ҳŭһ
һʱ䣬ѾǶ
䣡
׵ָҪڽһ̣Ӳĸ
ɵڣ
ͫһû뵽һʵѾǿᵽ˵ĵز
³ɽղŵĳ֣ҲǸ֪õ˵ʵಮٰ
λɵڼĸ֣Ҳ΢΢һ̾
ԼΨһĻᣬ¾ȡ߾ڽʱˡ
ֻһΣ
ɵڵǿ֮䣬ڵ裡
ûоԼܹĶԸһλɵڵǿߣ͸Ҫ̸λɵڵǿˡ
ߣҪ۳ɣ
˵䣡
³ɽȭͷѾǶķŭȥ
ȭ
һɾ޴˲ֻȭͷΪģɢ
ڣΧ˶ɵۼǿߣ
ټ³ɽ֮ƺǻмɵֵġ
һ³ɱƱ֣³ܹó˵أԺ³ұ۳Ĺͣ
Բѣڽ۳֣֮Ǳ۳ҪӲ˲ɣ
³ɽâ˸ȻҲ֪ͷɫ֮˵ǲ۳ģ
˵һѾǲҪˣ
ȻİԼȻǺˣ
۳Բ浶ǹĸ۳³ɽȻ֪ʵ
˵۳˱۳ˣ
³ɽѿһ˿Цʵɱľһ
ֻҪɱһ˭ܹ֤˾۳أ
ı³ɽռĻʱҪɵʲô¶漰۳֮Ĺϵˣ
³ɽ˭ҲԸ˺
ǰףƺΪĽ㣡
òϣȷһȺֵģǲˣġ
ߣô˵ǲˣȻ˵ĻǱƾ°ɣ
³ɽѾΪϵĽ㣡
ִһɣȻҲɵڵĸ֣أ
ĸǰȥһһ㣡
³ҵи飡
֪ôȥʱԼݼŵĻ¶ûˣ
ڲϣܹϣܹȥڽ
ֻҪƿ˾ڽǰΣôԽ֮ͨˣ
ʲô飿
ף¶һ˿ŭݣ
һȫ˳Ĵѹ³ɽ
ΪһĴڣ˳Ļᶼûˡ
³ɽƺоԼһģ΢΢һЦ˵˵
û˿ĳɣȥʱʱˣ߿պʲôأҿ³˵ģǸƾ£˭Ҫܹڽ⽣˭
ãû⣡
һ׵飬û˿ԥ
Ϊռƣһǿǳ˰λɵۼǿߡ
۳Ҳֻλɵۼǿ߶ѣ
˶ģ
ͳһ㣬ѾǸˣ
³ɽףɫЩ䣬ǰһ飬ǽڽø
㡭
³ɽоһ˿ĲԾһԳ۳ˣЩ²̨
ﻢ£
³ɽоԼھһֱ˵ĸо
һȻǱ۳˵ڵˣӸо֣
³ɽмЦһô³Լ˵飬㲻᲻ӦɣѲˣ
㣿ҪסΪ
³ɽЩŭǲòӦ
ʱһһţ
ִ£µʱʲôҲòˡ
ǻлȡһ¾ڽ
ֻҪڽɽ磬ʱǵòĻȻȥİ취ǣ
Ȼˣ²˳٣֮Ǳ㶯ְɣڽĹǿɾ͸ƾɣ
һЦʤƽƺһѾǳǵķʼбˣ
֮󣡣
ʮλɵ۾Ƿ˷һĳžڽķȥ
˿̵ȴĳźȥ
һĻԶĵͫҲ΢΢һ벻
һĪԼͼѾǱǸһ￴ˣ
ʱﻹܹܵôࣿ
ݣ
ڵ׻֮ʣ˿̣һɿֲϢѾ˵Χӿ




2216¾֮
 

֮
ôܹƿصģ
ǼƷܹҲ飬οǾڽȰأ
û֮ǰڽĹ˿һλǿߣ
οڽһԼǿİأ
ڱ۳һλɵۼǿ߸ոմڽһ˲䣬Ǿڽ·޾ŭ⣡
һǿϢ˲ӣ
³ɽ˵ΧıһӰѾǴ˾ڽ
Ĩһ˿ʤЦݣѾǽ˾ڽĽ֮ϣ
˸
â
ԭһ˿Цݵ̼һƬ
׺Ľ谭ѾǶ˴˵壡
ǺȻĽת˲ţ·δֹһ㣬շһԵҲǵһ
ڻң
ѾһڻҰֻɵۼڻʵЩ̫
ȴΪȻ۳һԱ󽫣˵Ҳʲô£
ֻǸղһĻԼҲһ
ҿԼ֮ǰûг嶯ȥǿеĽڽշ
ʵնɽȻҲǰϾԼĶοֻܹԼĹѣ
ڽȴһȻܹӳ˺˵˸оһĿֲ
·µһȦ׶ѣֻȡڽʹ˻ˣ
ǰν֮ɵ۳ڵǿߣ¾һǿô˳Ĩɱ
ɵ۳ڵǿߣ
˿̣ҲѾǻѪ˵أ
ÿֲĽ⡭ôܣ
⡭ƺĲٿڽ
ɵ۳ڵǿߣȻһغ϶֧Ųˣֲ̫˰ɣ
ǻСһЩôһΣǾҪ˵˰
ߣЩƺ̫λɵ۵ֻǿڽѾǱֱ䣡
δ֪ǿ־ģ
ڽȻԶǵ֪ΧƺЩܽܣ
ΪڽǰҲֻһжѣôأ
˺ܶĻذڽӦþˣ
һ֮Ҳǳһ˿ĺȻ
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̫ˬˣ
ⱱ۳һӾʧһλɵۼǿߣⲻ˾޴Ӱ֮Ĳ࣡
ڽȻǲõĶȻô׵õġ֮ҪڽҪ㹻ʵַϣ˭õ˭Σ
³ɽԺ֮Ѿһͷ
ɵ۳ڣ
Ҫ˰ΪУȥѾǲ̫ˣ
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³ɽ³ȻҪⶫĻǱøˣ
ǿˣϾǱ۳ĵ̣ǼǻҲӦø۳
³΢΢һЦԭһȴǫã
һоΪղڽֲһ
³¶ǳЦ³αظ¿أǿͣȻˣѲ³ң
ղ˵ǿ㣬ôͲô˵ˣ³
˵Ȼ³˵ˣ㣡ǱҲͲˣ³㲻Ҫڽ뿪ǡҪǱɡ
㡭Ǳ۳Ȼûް
³ɽɫ˼㣬ôԱ۳Ϊһΰɣ
оԼбһӵĻ޴й
Լ
Ǿڽ֮أҲЩǣ
Ƿǿµİδ֪ΣԿ϶Ǵӵģ
³ɽǾǲܵ飡
Ҫ֪ǿǰ˵ͷǻ۳·
³ɽѡȨ㣡
³ɽĨһ˿â˵ȻˣǱ㿴ڽкο֮
׿һʼյ
Ϊ֪˾Բܷģ
Զ
ڽƺһεĻָԼ֮ɫ޽Ƭռ֮ƺ
ղ׺ǿƵγĶԱȣ
֪ƽ֮£ŵĻ޾ɱ¾

գ֮ʣ³ɽѾʧ˵ĸǰ
һֻѾǳžڽĽ˹ȥ
ڳı۳ƺڴڽһ̡




2217¼ƻɹ
 

ಣ
еĿⶼ³ɽ˿̵³ɽţ
Ҳڽ֮ԼǷֵܹס
ǵֵסǵʱΪ
֮лһ˿ΣڽӦòôһֱɣ
ǰ˵ҪΪȥٿأ
ղڽǿһ³ɽöʱڽӦò̫һεķ
Ȼ
³ɽסڽһ̣ƺûκεĶ
ͷһϲ
³ɽ¶һ˿ȣþԼȫڽӲϰ
һĲڽ
ִһɵɫ࣬ı³ɽõڽĻǵòʧˣ
ʧɵǵģõİǱ˵ģ
˭¶ܹܰɣ
ûᣡ
׵˸һ˿˷ܣǾڽƺѾûκεΣ
³ɽڽγһ̣
ƺһѷ죬ǵѷΧſռ֮
ಣ
һӰǵѷһţ³ɽ֮ʣ
Ӱĺ棬һӰ۶룬ûκεԥ
һĹ
ӰѾʧ˵ĸǰ
һ룡
ѷǴûгֹһ㣬ֱʧ˵ĸǰ
ƻɹ
ҲĨһ˿ЦݣѾǳ׵ʧ
ˣ⡭⡭
ִһɿҲһĴ㵣
ΪǸ֪׷ʲô飬ԭǽעǷ˾ڽϡ
һɲǵԥѾʧȥ˽ͨĻˣ
ִһɣɫһƬ䣡
ͻ⣬ܸоʧȥʲô
ִһɵǸ¼һ￴֪һЩʲô
Ǹ˵ʲôݣǲ³Ӧ֪ɣһӦ۳ɳˣ
ִһɵҲǺ޵ģ
һﵱԼʧˣܲ
ɻ滹иεĶûбھ

ȷԳ֮ΪһضռأҲֻһԸΪ
ڿʧǵƤӵ£ܲأ
ҿɲʶǸһ
³ɽȻסˣȴһ㶼ûţǾڽѾʧ˵ĸǰ
ȻҲ֪ղʧ˵˭һβ֮УѾ׬ˣ
㲻ʶ³ɽһ𣿡¶һ˿⣡
һӽȥˣлһҲµòĻӦǱ۳ۼҵ峤ɣ֮ǰλҰŵģ˭֪ǲǰŵأ
³ɽЦһ֪һǼˣ
ۼǱ۳һǱ۳Ļһֱǲͣ
³ɽ֪ܲأ
ʱ˭ǺͻǲأǲҪ³ɽԼ϶ҲǲҪˣ

ִһɣָͷĸ¸죡
ִһɿ£Ϊֻ֮ԼʧˣⲻԶһƷ
ʵôģΪʲôУ
ִһ̾һ£Ҳ֪⼧֮ˣۼ˵֪һЩӦҲġֻһɡ
ʲôɣ
ִһʵмȵĲˬ
ֿɵõİȻ³ɽˣôܹأ
»ǵڵĵ´䵱ɱ˵նɱԳ֮ˣͷɫңһɴˡ
ִһɴ˿һӷӦ˹
ղΪڽƺû˽עǵϡ
ݹ죬ȥˣɱۣڵӲҪܲڱƤӵˣ
һа޴й
ȻһεĲ֮в̫Ʒף
˶
ֻмƷǿ϶ǻմմϲ
ڿŰǵǰø³ɽôܲأ
³ɽ΢΢һЦŰɣɲˣǣ
˵꣬³ɽ˵Ѿǳ׵ʧ˵ĸǰ˱ɲɵվߣ
³ɽȥӣĺһȭ
·Լİ֮˱˸һ㣡
ǿߣǿʼոһƬ֮еıأ
⼫ƷʵҲһʲƵıˣ
ڽԭڵλã
׺͵ʧߣԼҲ֪ԼһľȻһɵڵǿߡ




2218±۵ļ
 

۳ڵһķȻȻǺҪ³ɽˣ
Ƕ˵ڸ³ɽҲûбʤİգ
ܹλɵǿߣ
һ³ɽһѣʱ򱱷۳۳¾ͳ׵ķˡ
ˣΪǱ۳ܹȻ
һ۳Ϸ۳ͱ۳ⱳͱӵġ
ɫ࣬ǲֻܹһʱ
ԣһʱ֮󣬳׺͵ʧ˸ǰļһ֮˶Ǳ˳ȥ
ţ
Ժͼվڼ߿ŲԶĲ
ȳı³ɽ
³ɽһĳ۶ȥܿҲ˳
״ˣôûпʥϳ
翴ԼĸףҲǸֳһĨ֮ɫ
ڵһŲ֪
ԳҪôʥϱնɱڲ֮УҪôʥѰҵͨ
󡭡ʥӦҵͨɣ
һЩο˵ѾȫȫĽ׵Լˣ
΢΢ҡͷʲôпֻܷҪʥϲκοԶǴڵģΨһİ취ǵȴ
״ˣ㷢ûУ۳ǰ˳ʱϴһĨϲ֮ɫ۳ڵ˳ʱϴŷŭ
翴żѵʵ˵ıѾǵõһЩ𰸣
Ҳĵط˵۳һγݲνǿ󰡣ˣλɵڵĳְ۳³ȻҲɵ֮ˣǱϾֻһλ
ӷٵתţʵ벻һеΪʲô
˵۳֮˵ʵǵòöĿԺܴ
ⱱ۳ʵǿôģأ
۳һֱ۳ѣ۳ɱȱ۳Ҫǿ٣ҿⱱ۳ԵҲưͿɣ
һ¶һ˿Цݵ۳ôԼҲûκεĹϵ
ΨһĵľףϣܹƽƽľˣҲͲǿˣ
Ŀ΢΢һ̾һϣʥܹնɣ
֮һҲ¶˵֮ɫȻ׺ǿǿȴҲôɵ۵Ķְɣ
һ˽˲˵޿
Ϊˣ֮˲ʾ˵ĵǣɶڼ֮˵Ҳûκεܹף
ΨһģҲֻеȴˣ
үүѲûзһ𣿳˴ʥϣӦûһûг
Ԫԭһֱû˵ǲŵʱѾˣ
ŵǸȴʼûг֣
Ԫ˵ǵ
ƺҲʲôǵıӰʵ̫Ϥˣ
ڱ۳۳˽ȥ֮ģ
һε룬ֻ룡
Ҳ֣ûг֣ǵȻҲûг֣
үүӦ֪ʥնɱǲϢۼңµҲŹǼңʥһʧˡ
һĨ˷֮ɫ
汻˸ɵĻôǼΣͳ׵Ľ
ҲѾǰȫˣ
һҲǵͷ԰ǵֻ룬ʱѾˣΪʲôҲûг
Ҹղ˵ģֿܣҵǸϣ۳۳˸Χˣ
ҲĨһ˿˷֮飡
ı˸˵Ļô϶ҲǷǳĿĵġ
⼧ҵΣǳ׵Ľ˲
ΪΪ״̬׻ţȥ
ֻԸôأ
ˣڿôҲ޼£ҿⱱ۳۳ӦϵĿԲ󣡣ˣôôһأҹƴʥϿ׶༪ˡ
Ƶ̾һ
ҲǳɣʥȻԼǼΪصĶеõԵҲܹΣġ
ǰȻҵȶϣʥϻţʵǴҶ֪ʥϻŵĿ΢΢Ԫ΢΢һ̾
ҧԼ촽ҪһЩʲôջǷˣ
Ȼ嶼̫׻ţɲ֪Ϊʲôʼվ׻ţ
ż֮һȥȴһֱȴߣ
˿̣׺͵ȴѾǽһƬռ䣬һƬռ֮Уƺ֮⣬ʲôûУ




2219ս
 

ڣ
׺͵ͬʱһƬ޵Ŀռ֮У
Ƭռ֮У׸оһȴоǳı
ɢ
ռ֮гʱͿռķƬ׸оһĿܣ
Ҫ֪һγεʱ򣬻ˮʱ
û뵽ڵһƬռ֮УȻҲ㣡
ƺϢ
ֻ׸оˮĵȴоٲάˣ

ڵ˵ûκεİ
¾ˣ
о׷ǳĹ죬һѾ׼
ȴܹѰ˵һƬأ
˿϶ǸѲ˹ϵ
뵽֮ǰҳλǿߣԼ׵ܵܵ
жѾ߰˷ֵĲ²⣡
׿ŵ΢΢һЦףף
˿̣Ƭռֻ֮ʣˣֺαزҴأ
˵ˣһƬռ伴ʲôûУҲҪúõġ

״˿Ҳûκεڣ֪Լһ̿¾Ҫһһˣ
ӿֳһĨ֮ɫ
ף
ĸһ뵽ʲôĵ̵ĹǷǳģ
ô˵˼ң
ô𣿡
׿ŵһЦֻЦŵıһĨŨҵɱ
ĵ뷨һ˭Ҫ̽һ̽浽ʲôܣ
֮̽ǰǶҪöԷأ
׵۾ŭ۳̫ӣƾһѾҹĿ࿴ˣ
ƺײûκεɱһ˿֮飡
֪˵ͷˣ˼б쳣
ˣΪԼնɱ׵ܻܵԼɫ
ҪԼѣȻǲܵģ
ˣ̶ˣ֮ûбҪίˣ
׵˵ŵҲǳֳһĨм֮ɫ
ɫһ䣬ٺЦƺҲд⣬ֻǱЩɻ󣬲֪ʥϿɷ֮
طҲ֪ʲôطҪʲôҿɻشˣʼ
֮ô᲻ЩأʥҪñĥ֮󣬲ſ˵ˣ
һ¶ԼƬδ֪Ŀռһ֪
ȴΪ׿϶֪ʵײ֪
ڽ֮ٿԿ϶ǲĵط
ҪȻƬռ֮ô˶Ŀռ֮ʱ֮أ
Ȼ֪һƬռ֮е״ʲôر֪ǲرʲôɽ磬ǿ϶һƬ֮У
ӻǻĺܣû뵽˶ûҸһȻˣ
ȷǺܻ۲죬Ҳֻץסˡ
ֻײ֪˲ֻҪʱƬռѾһεıˣ
׿ŵҲǵһЦȻ˵Ļ֮俴ѾûκιͨıҪˣ
ҲôΪģ۵Ҫ㾿ʲôͷۣȻбҵ׵ܵܣ
ɫһ䣬֪˿ҲѾǱ׸ˣ
ףǿұ
Ǳ۳֮ˣնɱҲν
ɵۼұϾˮˣ׻᲻ʹɱ֣ܹнĻ˵Ǹã
ʵµʱܹһΣ

֮׵ȻҲһ屦ˣ
ɵڵǿߣ֪֮׻εľأ
ţѰ֮£׻ûŸӲӲ
Լʵ֪ɵ۳ڵǿѾԼļˣ
ɵΣҪԽսѶԽԽߣ
ȻҲڴԼɵۼʱʲô
֪ǽɵۼҲɵۺǿߵĶ֣
ڣţΪһƬռ֮䣬ĲѾСˣ
ο׵֮пǻֿݺ͵λ
˶Ըһˣδûᰡ
ҪûһЩŵĻôһλɵڵĳǿأ
ս
׾һ˿еնɽҲѾǷâ¶
ݼŵսױҪס
ŶҲѾͳһƷɽĵ֮սƺһѾǳ׵
κεĽǿѾûбҪˣ
ֻ׺͵֪һƬռһ˫۾ߣ
֮ƺЩζ




2220µѾˣ
 

սһ
Ц˿ʼɻʾ۷ʵҲЩ֣
ɻʾ۷壿
ڵ޿ܣһɻʾ۷ôܹնɱԼ׵ܵأ
ʵ
оʵôģ
ôԼλɵڵǿߵʶģ
һõгɻ
Ӻĵ˿лϤսΣ֪һӦֻЩƶѣ
ӦǾɵ۳ǿ֮һʤƽ
Ǹ״ĶǺ
ףڸһλᣬͶңǱۻԸһ·
ôĴ̵۳أ
׿ŵ¶һ˿Цʤδ֮ǰһﻹ˼нԼ
ɵڵǿߵǱԼҪһЩ
㡭ô֪ģ
ϸֳһĨ֮ɫû뵽׾Ȼ֪Լ飡
̵۳
Ǵڵеһ룬ΪŬķܶš
֪˲࣬ҲǸ߹˶ѣ
û뵽һ۳ļһȻ֪Ĵڣ
ɫȻǱֱ䣡
׿ŵӮңǱʲô֪ˡΣ
ʲôģ
ƺһֱڱ״Ž࣬ȻܲԸ
΢΢һЦ˭ˣ˭Ͷ
㻹Ű۴Ӧ㣡
붼ûʹӦˣΪʲôӦʵԭֻһǾ׵ʵĴ׻ʳ
۳ͱ۳֦ͬ
Ҫڱ۳ӱȻ⵽۳Χˣ
˴׻ʳĻʱ۳أ
ǰһܹ͸۳Ļʱȡ۳֧Ǿ׶ˡ
ǸʱԼҪ۳ȡ֮Ļ۳»һֻ۱һֻˣ
һã
᲻Ӧأ
οû뵽Լ䣡
ٺ٣ȻˣǾͲҪڷϻˣ
׵֮Ĩһ˿ɱһֽҪץסȨ
ˣ
׽Լռ֮Уһ֮֮ҪӵӴ
ʲô
üͷһ壬оһεѹԼܿӿ
ȻҲ֪֮򵽵ʲô
δ֪һַԭɵ̬ҲǱһ˿Ľţ
Ͼ֮սţȹֶΣǲҴ⣡
Լλ׵ܵܣ󲻾Ϊ
ݣ
ڵ֮ʣһֺĽѾ˳׵ķնɱ
ռ֮ƺȰĽ֣
ֻһ
һȣ
˾׹һ㣬ŵķɱȥ
ûκζǰ࣬ƽؾһ㣡
䣡
еļƷɽֱӵֵΪǼһٶʵ̫ˣ
оٶѾԼˣ
ٶȣ
ǿ֮佻һΪı־
ΪٶԽ죬ʵԽǿ𾪲ѣ
ѾûκεĻᷴӦˣֱֻܹӦս
֮ǰִݲƺһѾǱ׵һŪǱ
˲һɾ޴ĳռΪ֮һ
Цһ漴һεİν𣡣
κλأһССС
׷ĽõһȦѾ˭ɵڵǿߣ
ôһôأ
ÿһһʱоԼûзѣ
ʵϣ
֪һƬռѾ˵ʵĨƽ˴룡
ǵܹռһЩƣƾϢ
̣ĲΪҪ

ƺռȻҲоԼڼٵġ
ãֻҪԼһᣬлնɱǣ

˰ٻغϵĴսƺоЩ֧Ųס˭Ҳκβ˭
ΪĽţΪ֪һﻹһʲôУǸʲô״Ķ
ڻûչֳľУ˵һﻹģ
Ǻ˼Сް
ڵս֮ʣһϹӵ˵ĶУ
˾õһ㣬ͬʱתͷԶ
׺͵ɫǵƺһ˿֮⣡
˭
һƬռ֮оȻˣû뵽ģ
ĵĲˣ
ʱҪһ˵ĻǾǼ©ˣ
Ѿˣ
ǵԶֻⷬһ˵ĵɫѾǱˣ




2221ŷұӣ
 

ˣʲôЦ
ɫһƬӲȻ֪˭
Լ⼸ֵʱ򣬵ȻǷǳĲˬ
Լˣ
Լôأ
Ҫ֪Լɵڵǿߣһɵ۳ڵļһ˵ˣ
ȻҲһսȷǿ˹ԼûĿʼأ
ǣ˱ˣ
ǵԶһӰҲǸ˵ĸǰ
ǵӰȥɷ磬üĿƺоĴһ㣡
׿Ӱʱȴ쳣𾪣

ϵ֮ԼҪǿ֪ٱ
Ҹ׸оֲǣԲǱӦֻһѣ
һܹӵǿ˵ѾǺ֮ˣ
׿ˣĹףݼŷұǰ
ǺǣСӵǻĺܣ
ŷұӿף¶һ˿֮ɫصĵǺ
ŷұӣ㡭ŷұӣ
ɫһ䣬ŷұֱ֣ĴԵˣ
ŷұ˭
Ȼ֪˵ŷұӻǴ׻Ƴȥ֮Լɽ绹Ҫʮ꣡
˼ѾǷˣԼأɵǻǲడ
Ϊʦ
ǵͱŷұҪ󣬿ʵأ˼Ҽֱ޷ͬն
ŷұֵʱ򣬵˶оȦˣ
Ҳ˵ģԲб֮ѡ˷ǳĲ
ŷұӿŵȥƺЩϲ
ƺǰ˸ԼûκεĹϵ
㡭㲻Ƿ𣿡
ŵЩɫҰףΪԼǰˣѹҲ˵ʵǿ
豹棡
Ⱦ磬ڴ˵ǳ׵׵ĸܵˣ
ܹӵȾ֮ˣҪôûʵҪôʵѾǳͬȼ̫̫ˣ
ŷұӣΪǿߣ˵ûʵ
֪ǰ֮˵ʵѾܹѹˣ
ȽǵɣȻǱˣŷұӿŵ
ǿߣɡҾá
˿ЩսսŷұӸʶףȻҲŷұûа׵ıҪˣ
˵Լˣôأ
൱ĲԼŷұҲԼɻ
һɵ֮˸һɻʾ֮˴սôغϻûӮѾˣολСѻкܶûʹأĵѾǲ඼ˣ
ŷұӿŵҲ΢΢ҡͷ
ɻʾڣⲻܣԲܣ
һĴ㵣֮ǰΪ׵ļһԼʵ
ôҲû뵽˼ѹҲûԼʵ
˼ҵʵɻʾڣ
һɻʾڣôܸԼսҴսôغϻܹڲ֮أ
ţôҲǰʵ
ʲôܵģολСѻкܶûʹأĵѾǲ඼ˣ
ŷұӵ֮͸һӵЦ
ʵˣһﻹأ
Ǹʲôҿɲ壡г˲֮ɫ
ǣһλ˾ȻӦ˵޴أӦ˵Цأ
ŷұӵҲ¶һ˿Цʵ϶ڵҲûʲôõӡ
ŷұˮʱ򣬾ΪЩ۾ҪԼƷɽͽ
һֱŷұеʹЩԲбĵ۾ûκεĺøУ
Լ˵ĻȻһһٶĶײ
ΪǿߣŷұӿɲûƢģ
ϵԭŷұ𾪣ϾɽǼΪ飡
û뵽Ȼôҡ
񡭡
࣡
ĺ֮иоһķɬּһӳͷԣ
һôأôأ
ߣλСûΪĶ֮ˣλػߣΪƾҪλС𣿡
ŷұӿŵȴһεתף
λػߣ
֮һĴڰ
ŷұӣҲûˣԵ׽һ̣ѾǲŨȤ
ټ׳ʵı֣ŷұӸоԼҵԼҪҵˣ
λػʲôһﾹȻ
һӸоЩʧǣԼôãȻȲ˼һɻʾڵǿߣһӸоԼǰ׻ˣ
ŷұӿף΢΢һЦСѣ
ĺȻĿ׸ŷұʧһƬռ䣬ûĸֳһĨ־֮ɫ
ֻƺֻܹˣΪȥ




2222װʦ
 

һƬռ
ŷұӺͬʱһططƺһϽ֮⣬Ķ
Ƭռ֮ǰĿռ˿Ҫ֪һЩʲôܣ
ǿߵһܹ֪أ
ŷұôƺҲǲ֪׷ʲô
ǰѾǿߣΪΡ
վŷұӵߣ֮гɻ
ŷұӿ΢΢һЦֻǲԼĴоʹû䣡
ײʵǰôѲɾûһλܹķ𣿡
ŷұ̾һ˵ʵڻߴʤԴӷɽ֮۽ȻҲԽԽˡȻһЩܹҵۣܾûиõĳ֡
ȷÿ˶еģǿҲװ
׳ŷұҲЦЦȷŷұ˵˶ϣԼܹõõġ
ŷұ΢΢ͷǰҲǲװڿҵĵȴֵõģ
лǰ̧
֪ŷұ˵Լʵ֮еѾһĿϲ
̸ģ˵ŷұӱǿǿߣ
ǿߣ
⼸֣ѾһʲƵĲƸˣοأ
ŷұӹһЦ˵඼ûпСѵʲô·ͬʱҾȻܹʩչ֮е⵹˹Ŀ࿴
ǰⲻöѣ
׿ŷұӣҲεʼ硣
˵ԼҲ֪⵽ô£Լܺã
ŷұ΢΢ҡͷãδأ˵ˣ죬Ҳеһ֣
ǰ˵ҵͦõģ֮ǰõ˾̫幬ĴУˮϡͿĳΪˮλػߣʱһ١
׺ܼ򵥵ĽԼľһ飬Ƽ򵥣ŷұӵ֮ҲһĹâ
ŷұӹһЦСѣȻ˷Ƿ˵ҿĻһ㣬ǾǴˮˣҲͬ
ǰˮ̳Ҳѧϰİ׿ŷұӳϿҵ˵
Сѣ֮ˣȻܹʩչ֮ʵҲܹ֮Ϊ֮ˣֻʵСѡ
ŷұӿףҲ͸һӵЦ⣡
ɻʾڵʵǰĲܴһҲǺġһβ֮УʵǻԵɺϣҪżȻ˼֮ˣ¡
״˿ŷұӣЩûʧˡ
ŷұ΢΢ͷҵļū˵ǼūʵҲǽǿֵܵģҼôһֱػҲйˣ
ǰ˵ǰǱϾ·Ҳд˻ԵҲΪͬĵͷ
ѭ˳Ӧ⣡ŷұ΢΢һЦöţŷұһȻûдʲôкܶҲǣ壬ڵԺֻҪóöǻӵģ
ڣ
һԼڴûнù
ǸڹϵǿԣһƵ۳ʵϾΪѰڵĺġ
ܹڳһЩϵĻȻٺòˣ
ѪȻҲҪװģںͬʱṩĻԺѪž˹Ŀ࿴İɣ
ҲڣһЩ˵֣ʱԼ֪ˡҸĵһ
ŷұӵһţһѾǳ׵ϣ
һŷ֣˸оһĹ
׶ŷұӹֵˣлǰ̧ˣ
Ǻǣɲϣ㺰ǰŷұһֻ˼ͽܣ඼ǱճԴ֮Ҳûжͽ֮ģ磬֪СûȤҵĹŵӰ
ŷұΪ´У
ʵϾΪ˴Լ²Լ²ǱҪһŲǣ
ʦͽϵǴõһֹϵˣ
ԥһǰʦ֮У˽յĳɾ͡
µģ˭涨Ⱳֻܹһʦ𰡣
ŷұӿصˣûʦûʲô
Ȼǰ̧ڽǾԵòʶ̧ˡʦϣͽһݣ
׵ҲһļʵܹǿΪʦѾԼ컯ˡ
ɽ֮ˣҲǺĻģ
˼ŷұǰҪԼŵӣǲӦĻǲʶȤˣ
ŷұӿ¹ҲǹһЦ˺ˣʽˣףʦҲˣʱ䣬Ϊʦ㽫һЩ㡭




2223ºʽ
 

ʦ
Լû뵽ŷұӾȻԼΪ˹ŵӣ
˿̵Що
ŷұӵĻҲǶԼľ
У
һεĵõУһǿĴУôľϲ
˵ģǸղŷұԼöƣֵ¾Ҫˡ
Ȼ֪ʱڻϲƣϣǱûϣҪðɣ
ŷʽ
ŷұóһӵ鼮򵥵ļȴʾ
⼸ڣ׾Ȼһ˿ζ
ܹһ㣬˵ŷұӶԽ֮һ;赽жôˡ
Ϊʦ׫дһĵãпյʱϸˡΪʦҲǷǳĲкܴĽռģ
ŷұӿף˿ÿóһǶǳģ
׹ĽӹŷʽҲǳ˼֮ɫ
Ҫ֪ԼλʦǿܹƳĴڣ
ȳǿɽҲЬӰְֶһ˰ɣ
֮ǰڲǰ˾ڽĳԼҲܹƳʱɽǺεȵĵλأ
лʦ𣡣
׽ⱾؼԼ֮УȻԼλʦûڻʱЩ
ŷұӐź΢΢һЦʵΪʦһڽҲԽҲҵר˰ɡǱϽûУ
ʦͽ֮ǰʱҪѯʦǱأ
֮ǰʱҲӵɻǱɽȥЩأ
˵ŷұʦôὫһϽطأ
Ͻ
ζžʧܰ
ԼʦɽΪǿĴʦȻûнߣǷһϽ
ȻɻŷұѯԼʱҲʵ
ŷұ΢΢һЦʵϣΪʦƣҲΪʦΪƷֻϧΪʦҪȫҲ޷ɣ
ʦɽΪʦ⡭⻹ʦ겻ɵƷ𣿡
üʵ˵ĻȻϽͷǳĲˡ
οԼλʦղžȻ˵ԼΪƷ
һдƷȻܹΪԼʦΪΪƷʵЩ˷˼
׵ʶѾǰסǱϽ
ʱ׻ûоʲôɵһЩʱȴܵϽ֮Ľ⣡

ǽ⣬ȽƺԼʶ̬һ㣡
׵ʶɨȥʱȻһУĽƺһҲԵø˷ܣ
ŷұӿһǶϽҲ¶һ˿Цݵ˽Ϊ޷棬ΪʦľʮղͶδͣȴΪʦ֮ǰκһƷ
޷棿֣
ҲΪͬĵͷûнͷҿȥЩɫ
޷֮ҲǷǳУ
ŷұӿչһЦ޷潣Ϊʦ͸ĵڶ
ŷұӵһŭ𣡣
޷潣Աߣʯʯ֮д˻ɬѶ
ʽ
ȻЩɬѶױϾǳˮ磬ȴˮеĶ
׿ŵû̫ϰʯ֮ϵһһ䣬һӳ޾Ľ֮֮У
ŷұӿУһӣ
Ѿʯǰ
ͽܹΪʦ֮ʽǾɵҲͲˡ㣬ֲȱеĺûᣡ
ŷұӵƺص׵Ķߣ˿̵ҲһĶʯ˹ȥ
һһһһʽ
ײϵǱ߱ȻʲôƼ򵥵ȴоһִĸо
ţ
׾ǵһվǱߣ۾һĿǰʯ
һ£¡
ʮʱ䣬վĹ֮ǰһԱŷұƺҲɮ붨һ㣡
ڵȴȴԼʽ
ʦڸˣ
ŷұ֪ȼְֵĽѾûκεˡ
κ飬ֻпԼȥܹԼ
ʱһһţɽУû£
ת֮䣬ȥ׷·ûκεĶżüͷ˵˼ʲô
˷·Լ֮Уûκε
ֻ׵ΧһεĽƺĸǰΧƣ
ģЩۼԽԽ࣬·һֶѣ

֪һ̣ȻԼ˫ۣǰǱϽͬʱϣ
ʽһʽ죡
׵һŭ˷·һεľ޽ֱ
ռƺҲ𵴲ѣ׵֮дŵľɱ⣡




2224¸ܾ
 


죡
ʽĵһʽ죡
ѾǸ״޾𺳣ȻһƬռ䱻ŷұӳ׵ķȾǿޱȵǸ״𺳣
նʽ
һֱԲˬ⺳ʽ֮նʽǿֲ
͸ղһֱʣѾ׸ܵ޵Ŀֲɱ⣡
һʽ˵ĺˣ
ֻ֮һҲй֮޼˾κˣ
ֲ̫ˣ
ŷұӿףҲû뵽ԼͽȻڶ̶̵ļʱ䣬˺ʽĵһʽһ
Ȼûȫ򣬿Ѿܹӳһٰٷ֮߰ʮˣ
ԺóĻǵʱȻ᲻ϵ
ռ֮У
ŰһĽҲ൱Ŀֲ
ŷұһܹ˵ĽҲǶһֿ϶ˡ
ΪʲôŷұӼǷȴҲɽôһȴԵ֮ˣ
ʵҲǲԼѾһĽʹûȻˣԼ֮
ͽʹȻǲ
ŷұԭΪҪһҪǧϵʱ䡣
΢һЩĻǿ¾ǧˣ
ܹŷұӿϵˣǾԲܲģνĲҲ֮ıȽ϶ѣ
׿ŷұӣ˷֮ɫδȥ
׹ֵʦ֮Ȼڲͬͽܹô̵ʱʵҲΪ֮ǰնʽѾһĹ̡
ʵнնͬѣЩʱҪִκĿĶΪսʤֲ𣿡
ŷұӿ׵˵
ĵͷʦԼǣκΪսʤ֣ʵҪ
ʽܹоǿҲ飡һѾں졢УҪѺܳʱ䡣Ǻʽһʽ죬ܹĻʱҲͲԶ˰
ŷұƺδ׼Уѧ˵һѾˣ
׿ŷұӵʦҼ𣿡
ѾҪˣСϿ⼸ʯûеط𣿸οܹȫһǿвһµʱҲֻܹʵ䷴
ŷұ΢΢ҡͷ⺳ʽôײĻҪʲô֮أ
Ϊ⺳ʽΪŷұӶײЩĿ࿴
˷ܵĿŷұӵʦ˵⼸ʯҿԴ𣿡
ǵȻΪʦͽЩΪʦɣҪһƬռȥǿɲô׵顭
ŷұӿףҲ¶һ˿Цݵ
ʦ˼ǡ׿ŷұӣоһĪ
Ҳңʵ˹أɵۼǿֹ߽ڡǵõ֮ˣǱҪɵۼΪʦŻǳȥ
ŷұһλЩоԸˣ
Ҳû뵽׾Ȼ˵ͣɻʾ۷ʵȻȫһ
⻹㣬һﵽҲֻɻʾ۷壡
ͻɵ۾ƺһξ룡
ŷұΪʲô˵õĴбҪȵɵ۾ܹȥʵҲΪ˱һЩ
ʱԼһ֮ˣһȥͱ˸ɵˣ
ⲻѪ׷
ڼǳȥһҲ㹻Աˡ
õȴˣûдﵽɵ۾磬ǳȥˣ
ʦ˼ڳɵ۾磿
Ҳһ㶣˵ʵɵ۾Ҳû
һֱΪԣɵ۾绹һľ硣
׺ܶʱ򶼷뷨
ڣƺͰԼǰԼλʦȻһϰ
˵ǲܹɵ۾磬컹ȥˣ
ΪʦͷԼΪӪһռ䣬ϣܹͻƳɹɣ
ŷұʼ磬һֱͻɵ۾Ļôǳȥˣ
ΪģΪŷұӵķѾıռĹˡ
Ǳǿԣ
ŷұӵıôܹأ
ѾŷұƺҲԼԸڶԼ߷ƺҲôںˣ
ֻ仰Ҳǳһɾ㵵ζ
ԼʦҪڻΪԼ
׸Ͻҡҡͷʦ򲻿ɣͽôԺ󼴱ǳΪɵҲĲ




2225¼Ԫʯ
 

ռ֮У
׶ŷұ¹Ҳ˵Լ뷨
ͻɵۣ
ȷҪܶĶȴʱԼʦķΪԼͷŸ
һǿߵķ͸һɽǿߵķʵһģ
ԱջأȻҲԱ
һ˵ĻǵʱڱԹġ
Ȼŷұӣ˵Ҳһλɻʾ۷ǿߣѲɲ֪ŷұôĻ
ͽΪʦ֪˼ΪʦѾ
ŷұӰڰ֣ףȻʶʱ䲻ǺܳȴǳϲСӣ
һŷұ˵һЩ˺
˺ĿƷΧ֮ڣ
˵һ˵õеĻŷұӻĲҪô
ֻһΣͽȻŷұԼδŵ飡
ƫƫͷˣҪͻƣҪд
ŷұӿɲϣԼͽΪ׵Ƭռ֮У
ΪǿߣŷұȻ֪׵ͻƱͬʱͻƣ
˵ŷұҲҪյܹﵽʲôĲΣ
ˣͷһμҲΪֹҵͽ
ΪԼͽ΢һأ
׶ŷұӣᶨҡҡͷʦôĻͽɲҪĴУ
ͽĪҪɵΪʦ֪ΪΪʦΪʦʧһЩӰ죬ӰҲرĴ󣡡
ŷұӿ˵ķָжƣ
жԼͽԼһƬģȻʶʱ䲻ܹܵ׵ʵ⣡
ͽյǣ
ôŷұһůͣ
ԽŷұԽǾԼĸֵõģ⵹һìˡ
ʦ𣬼ãҲзܹõҲʱķѵĳһЩѣ
׿ŷұӣҲǳŷұ΢΢һЦ
ȷ
ܹ֧ŵڶһֱԲżȻģ
֮ǰõǿصʯͷҲԼʦ𿴿⵽ʲô
ԣô˵Ҳĵģ
֪ŷұȴ֪
ɽ֮ϡǿɽһ˿Ǹͻƣ
ռ֮еҲһͻƣ
ŷұôʵҲΪܹиĸͻƵɵۼ
ڿ׾ܾҲЩˣ
׳ںߣʱ߻ħҲǲܵ飡
ɲŷұϣŷұӿףҲǵǳףȻ㺰һʦʦĻ㵽
ʦĻͽȻӣͽԲܴӦͽ˵ˣͽа취
׿ŷұӣҲʼ
а취Ǻǣʲô취˵
ŷұӿףҲֺֺЦҪһﵽʲô취
׿ŷұӵʦͽõһܹԶֻͽһ֪Ҳ֪ⶫʲô
Զ㻹Ⱥö
ŷұӿף֮Ҳǳһ˿˿ɻ֮ɫ
ŷұЩ˵Ļɽ֮ôĺöأ
ⲻǳô
磬ܹԶĶǷǳģοⶫɽأ
ŷұӱܵľòܣô˵ˣҲȤ
ˣ
׵жһصʯͷ֮ǰŨҺǿʯͷ
ʦ𣬾ʯͷóʯͷŷұЦŵ
ŷұһ裬Ӷɳˣ
ǿʯͷҲһ󼤶ʵ⡭Ǵõģ֮ǰ˵˺ãһôáΪʦǷͽ֮
ʦ⵽ʲôȻҸоⶫȴһֱ֪ʲô
׿ŷұ˼飬֮Ҳӿֳһϲã
ǿߣܹϵĶһĻɫ
ŷұӹһЦԪʯ綼ѵһıԪʯ
Ԫʯʲôײʵ
ŷұЦŵԪʯÿһԪݻ֮ʱһصʯͷʶ֮ΪԪʯԪʯص㣬ǾܹΪκһλǿ˵֪ʵĶʦ磬ҲûеõĶ
ʦûУ
׹ŷұ˵ܹ֪Ԫʯˣ
ΪǾ
ŷұӵһЦȻͽмԪʯΪʦǱסˣ²˳٣ץͻưɣռ֮еΪʦ߻Ԫʯɣ
˿̣ŷұӵҲǷǳɣ
ǰСӵ˻㹻ǿ󰡣ȻԪʯȺöУ
ŷұӣоСʵ̫̫ˡ




2226ͻƣɵ۳ڣ
 

Ԫʯ
ѾƿŷұӵУ˿̵ŷұƺԼİһ㣡
żԪʯЩ֣֮Ҳĵһδ
ŷұԼҲû뵽ⶫȻɽԼͽóģ
ȻЩ棬Ҳò׵ʵ̫̫ˣ
ϥ
׿ʼϵռ֮еʱ䷨Ϳռ䷨
ʵϾַƬ϶ɣ֮ǰԪʯͻƣҲΪԪʯΪĴ
˵ܹһ·ͻƵ棬ȷռ˺ܴһ֣

׵һȣʼɵ۵ľ磡
ɢķƬָӵʿһ㣬׵֮вϵӿ룡
ŷұһҲǲϵĸ׽ɵ۾΢֮
Ϊǿߣɵ۾˵Ѿǳ׵⣬׵ͻҲŷǳİģ
ÿһεĽ⣬׵üͷչ
ֻȻʵĸо˸оһˬ
иʦȷǲһ
ѭ
׵֮УͬϢǱ·һԼ֮ε
Ϣ
Ϣţ׸оǣϢתٶҪתٶҪϺܶ࣡
ȻѪҵ찡
ŷұ֮ǰδ׵й̫̽飬ֻǸо׵̲֮
һεʼʱȴ׾ȻѪ
ԽǸһӴŷұӾԽǾԼͽЩ˲ã
ֲһھȻԭѪ
ڵŷұӼΪǿߣҲЩĿɿڴˡ
ܹһǿ˵ˣɽҲһˣ
ֻ׶ѾûκεĸţȫĳԼµľ磬ֻȾͻƲô׵ģ
һһεĳϵĴ׵ľ
ѪҺ׵Ѫ֮ٶѾƽʱ˲֪ٱˡ
򣡣
һֱڸµľ磬˿ĵ֮Ҳǲϵķű仯
һʱ䣬ƺһּľ֮У
һǧ꣡
׸֪ԼʹʱžȻ˵Ѹ٣
һƬռ֮УѾǴ˽ǧʱˣ
ŷұΪǿߣȻʱʱôĿ죡
ŷұӵʵѾǽʱһޣ
ٱһ
ǿߣһʱıܹ̾ˣ
ƣ
ĳһ̣ŭһڴ˿ҲǷžҵı仯
֮磡
һ
ƺһ̶Ŀ֮ǰķâ¶γĶԱȣ
˿ƺڽϴ
ＸͬʱƿƺоҪѿһ㣡

һεŭ𣬴˿ĵһ㣬ԭѿĵһεĿʼָ
϶Ϊһ
˿̣һοԼʱȴԼĵﾹȻһεıһ
Ȼ۳֮
ŷұĿһҲǳ˾֮ɫ
ȻⵤﻹûȫĽѾǸ׵ı仯
֮˼ǿ߲ܹӵеĵ
Ҫ֪ӵȵʲôŷұǷǳģ

׵һŭԭ궯ĵһ
ʱ׵ĿһεŵԼ޾
ɵ۳ڣ
׸һȵһֿȵϲã
Ҳ֪ûŷұһϤĵָͻƣ
һλǿߵָ㣬׽һݾɵۼĲ˵¶һ⣡
׳ɹɵ۳ڣҲһ
Ȼ֪Լսжôǿ֪ɵڼǿߣԼѾսˣ
ɵۺڣ»ûʵܹսɣ
ŷұҲǱ𾪵ľþûлع˵ʵǵһ˹֮ˣ
ȻԼͽܣǸо
֮
ǲ˵Ҫ磬ûκεϰ
Ҫ֪־׶ѾǾ߱ˣ
֮֮Ѿ׳׵Ľһոµʱ
лʦָ㣡
׹ŷұ˵ûŷұӵĻɵλڵȺܶɣ
ŷұӹһЦͽԺָۣտɴ˰
ۣʦǿͽ
ʵжԼЩĵģǿɵ۳֮ԽԽˣ
ǽϾǿ飬ûŵزأ
ŷұ¶һ˿ζЦݵ粢ǰãûг׼ǱΪðԺ磬֪ܶˣ
ʦģͽ磬ʱȻһʱȥݼʦ𣡡
׳ŷұƺҪ˵Щʲôջû˵
ףѾ൱ˣЩ֪ͽ
ԵԵɢ
Ȼ˸˵ʱˣҲûбҪطˣ
һʱ䣬ƺռӿ




2227ս
 

ռ֮ڣ
ԭʧһգ˿ռƺҪΣգ
Ƭռԭ֧ţռ䷨ƬûˣƬռȻҲҪˣ
޲ɢ֮ϯʦͽһҲΪʦɽԵ֣⺳ʽʯŰɣ
ŷұӴһӣǼʯѾǳ׵ĸǰ
ײδֱӽЩʯԼ֮У
ԪʯҲǱ˵һεĲ֮УջǳԼԤڣ
о˷ܵıǣԼͻɵ۵
˵ԺɽٿԶһرֶˣ
ʦͽδʦʲôԺͽȥ磬ʱΪʦǽѣ
ײû˵ʲô̫αĻ˵˵ЩҲûκε壡
ŷұӵķܹסٶ˵ǿԽܵġ
ŷұӿװڰֵڵҪңҲΪ·᫣Ժ֪ĻΪʦҲ˵ˣɣ
ʦ𣡣
׿ɢķҲ֪һƬռ¾̮ҲǲԶˣ
˵֮ʣƬռƺʼ
ŷұӴһ˿Цݣδ˵ʲôĻֻǳװڰ֣ξɢڿռ֮У
ռһߣ
ѾһƬռ֮пǧʱ䣬ʵޱȣ
֪ʱһͷ
һƬռ֮У޷
Ϊѹ֪ʲô⣡
޾ĵȴŵı޾Ŀֻţ
ʱԽĿֻų̶ȾԽڵһռ俪ʼĶQˣ
׺͵ͬʱͽ˲֮ڣ
ˣ

ԭЩѹƵһεĻص˵ϣһܹܵˣ
ˣ
ϸֳһĨ֮ɫôҲû뵽Լôʱ䣬ջǳˣ
ǵոϲɫʱȴԱߺȻվһˣ
׵۾ף
࣡
һ׺ö˶˵ĸһվߣĺ֮ҲǷһɬζ
˿̣һεĿ׵ʱһƺ֮֮ǰҪ˺ܶ࣡
ɵ۳ڣ
ˣһο׵ʱ˾Ȼͻˣ
ϣһ˵㻰ˣ
׵Ŀһ۵ûôĹ߳ˡ
Ϊ˵Ĵ֮һ׵Ǻܿأ
ˣǿɶǴ׻ˣҲԼˡ
׻Ĳôں˵ȴǳں
˵ף⻹һ黳
Ȼˣˣ˲ǳΪԼһ
ǰĵѾ˾ϣҪôΪԼˣҪô
ǵˣҲǿԽһ˲
ߣʥϣѾ֮ҲǸˮˮҪñ۴㣬Ϊ𣿡
ȻܴףҪ֪ǵ֮
һõĵ۾ˣûɱʹأ
ô˵ǲˣЦһ
˲һЩƣĲ֪Լжôķ
ϵ̫ˣֻҪߣұ֤˵ȥǿжֵĻһˣʱ¾ͻΪɽʸ֮˰ɣ
ףǷһ˿Ц
ûκεĵ֮ǰСɻʾڵʱ򣬶ܹвԼİΣ
ѾΪɵۼǿߣиӵûеˣ
οǸո̤ɵ֮ˣ״˿̻ĲһУ
㲻˵޵ˣȻ֪ôܣΪ޻Ź𣿡Цһ˿ѾǳһϽ
кȻǱϽûΪڸԼЦ
һͷβûóķɽȴóһ˵ķɽŷұӵĶҲ˵أ
ǵԲͶģΪԼİ
ҵҪΪɵۣǲô
֪Ϊʲô֮ڣƺû֮ǰѹȣҲǱ˺ܶ࣡
ȻҪԣǱ԰ɣ
׿ŵǲ׵ĴһһҲԲô׾ٵľͷģ
ãԼҲҪ⺳ʽǲܴ
޷֡ư磡
ʽһ
׵Ĩһ˿ЦһûκεĻڣһɱĽѾǳŵķɨ




2228εĵ
 

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޾ĽһƬռ֮У
ϢɵڵĵҲǸоһ˿Ĳ
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һռ䣡
˿̣ռ֮з·ֻһɫĹââԶҲҪĵǵ
ֲ˹
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׵Ҳ˲䱩һֱӳ׵ķɱȥ

֮Уײص˿ռ֮У
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˵֮ǰǵؿռ֮еĽ֣˻൱Ļôһεĳƺȥһߵ
׵üͷһҲĨһ˿ЦݵŷұǰĴУȻ
ʲʲôõŷұӵĴУ
һֲһ￴ȥôĿֲ˼ǵõĻԵ
˵ģһܹΪɵǿߣѾǼĻԵˣ
ʵϣһȻţ棡
Ҳ֪ĻǺѳܣɵ۳ڵǿߡ
һУǺķһ
ԺҪΪһ߲»ᷴ亦
Ȼķѵܶ࣬Ǵһ˿ĵȻŵŷұǰǿߣޣ޳ΪɽĴˣ㣬Ҫ磿
磿⡭⵱Ȼˣ
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ⲻǵһĿѣǵռĿ꣡
˵ռĿĻҪǷĪˣ
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һѯԼǷҪʱ򣬵Ҳһ飬˵ѿڶ˵ԼԸ
׿ŵ磬޻ܹ㣡
㣿ߣȻ֪Ҫô׵飿
׵ĻԸ˭һǰǵأ
ԹŵĸǶ֮ˣ
ͬΪˮ֮ˣ޲žһλᣬͲܵǰʶʱ񰡣
΢΢һ̾еĶϽһεľ
ֻǵһ̣Ըоĳһ£
ʵκһˣʱ򶼻ԥ壡
Ϊһһгϣ
ǻһˣ붼ľҪˣɵͬ˭һ֮֮ϵأ
ԣҪԸˣвҲãҲգֶԽǲԽЧ
ҵܵܣ㡭˵ˣ
Ȼһ㶣һֱΪǱһնɱˣû뵽ԼĵܾܵȻţ
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ڵѯ֮ʣȴһƬռ֮һεĶһˣ
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Ҳ֪ԼλܴðģԼĵܵܽʵʵվԼĸǰ
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ܣ㡭㾹ȻΪһﱳңЩŭɶ˵
ľܣһŻϣ񣬿ˣ˰װǵۼһܹõʲôأõһΪǿĵ𣿡
ĵĿŵʵҲϣԼĸԼϣ
׿ŵ޲ȱһѾΪҴ׻ʳǵ峤ԸҵĻʱȻҲ峤̵۳Ҳǲܰʵ֣
˻棿
һᵽ̵۳⼸ֵʱҲǻһʵ
˵ĻǱǽԣ
׿ŵһΪһ۾ô֪֮أ
ãǲ֪ʥҪô
˿ӶǱ̵۳ͳ⼸۸Ūͷۻƺһı׸˹ˣ
һԵĵ̵磬ֻҪľѪȡʱˣ
Ѫˣ֮ŭһ
磬ʵʥϲҪһ϶ѣ˵ûκεʧõܶ벻ĺôأ
֪ʵѾǽʵ
ʵҲ֣ܹշĻǵһ飡
Ȱ˵£ƺЩܲסˣϾʱκ˶п־壡
׿ɲʲô˶֮ģҲΪ͵ˮ֮˶ѣ
һϵеĶɣ
͵һѵܵһεžˣ
ʮһεĴӲ˳ֻǴʱĲ˹עˡ




2229¼Σ
 

ſڣ
˿̵ҲѾǱ˴׻ʳĵλ
ݵûκεı仯ǵۼҵ峤
Щ
һֱǱչزΪ֮󣬳˵ۼ֮⣬֮˶ԼҲٹע
ΨһļֵҲǿǰ
һβλɵǿһŰܹȡߵĺöǺɨһգ
ο۳³ɽ߰ҲѾǴɽ硣
ˣ˵УҲѾǽҿصɴ

ԶԵͷˣȻܶ˲֪ıزЩ
ļңνʮֵĲҵ
ǸоǣЩһֱܵ˵ۼҵв
ôһֱǿŻ󣬸йκεķɣ
ԵԭһֱŲһôȥˣҲ׻Ųκεϣˣ
ʵϣԽʧԽ
໹һȽִŵˣȴʮ֮ų׵ķ
Ҵڣ
Ե˾ۼһãۼҼÿһʱ˶ԼҵŽпը
ڵļҲĸ飬ֻܹһǱȥά
⻤ҲǾۼҼλɵǿôڰɣ
ڵļңõˣ
үүȥʮʱǵĻҪ׵ûˣ
Ԫ·ԼүүҲɫΪѿ
һԵļԪĸ׼Ҳ΢΢һ̾ڵۼҵ峤ڣǼܹ֧ôð״ˣҿڻҪһЩİ취
ǰүүȥǼҿҪȫûˣ࿴ԼүүҲǳ
취ûУҲֻܹȥʵڲеĻǵǿ˾Ӳݱܷͷ
ʵѾ·ֻһֱ̫Ը㣡
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δȫȥóȻĻ»Щף
һԵļͬ뵽⣬״ˣ׼ҽ룬ǿ涨µĹأΥˣǡ
״ˣҵǾüŷұǰ֪ҲԭǵİɣǼػô꣬ǼҲˣǲԶ޷ֻһԱɡ
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ͬʱ
ӰѾǳ˼ҵĴ֮ǰΪ֮˾ȻǼԵĵܼܵ񷣡
ԣΪ˻Ҿûа취ˣôĶ꣬ǶĶˣ
ѿһ˿˿ЦƺСһ㿴һԵĵ
żԳ峤ôûͷڹ굱Ļǹְ
񷣬࣬ȻڼңԵ𣿡
û뵽֮˾ȻԼĵܵܣڵѪ
ôˣһֱͣıãĿľΪ⻤󲻵֪ԼͽܵҲ֪ġ
ôһֱСĻŻ
û뵽ڽ죬⻤۱⼧Ϲèһĸˣ
üһѪһûڵϣ
ԣ㣬Ҽ峤˽֮ںδ
˿񹥼ңҪ𵽼Ϊ֮⣬һǵ峤֮ܽ󣬵ڻѶ
ۼҴһȺ׵״̬
ȻܹʱѹƣٹʮԼҵ峤ֵĻµۼҪֱˣ
ⲻǵԸ⿴ΣҪĹ˼ң
һܹȷ峤˵ǻɣ
ȻǶ֪Լҵ峤˻ŵĿԽԽСˡ
Կŵˣô֪ôʱûгΪлŵĿ𣿡
ԣʵʵĻشңŲھǼڴ֮ϣ
һȣһѾǽΧˮйͨˣ
Ѿ̶ˣҿɲΪǻᷢһķǼ֮ˡȻҶǸһ𣿡Ե͸һӵľ֮ɫ
úúãȻҪҲ㣬ɱ
һЦ֮ѾزסԼɱ
£
ڵ׼Լ֮˶֮ʣһϵ
ڳе˶ڵ




2230µ
 

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һڼ˵͸һӷŭ֮ɫ
ۼΧô꣬ҲǸоһı
Ǽ֮Ҳûκεİ취˭ü֮˱ǵʵСأ
ΪΪ⣡
֮ǰۼҵȴʱһλּǿȣ
˼ҾһΣھڶΰɣ
֮Ҫۼƴһʱû뵽Ȼֱ˸ͣˣ
ǵǿ˵ʱϳֳһӵľ֮ɫ

λȴʧٶʮصĵۼ峤һ̾Ȼˣ
ȻǵȻţ
ǰ֮ǰ˵ѾڲʮˣȻܻţ
ţǼǳ׵ûл·˰
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ĵۻ͸һӵ˷֮飡
ʵû뵽粻ɰ
Ϊ峤Ӧǳʲôʱû뵽峤˾ȻѾˣ
ӭ峤ˣ
˹վһߣۼҵȨκ˶޷ģ
Կֵһ̣Ҳڵ
֣
ⲻǼϣ׵
ԭۼƿʱԼʵҵĺԱ
ڵĳ֣ǳ׵ûϷˣ
żɫһƬҰ׵ӣȴ¶һ˿Цݵ峤ôδϼһɰ
û뵽㾹Ȼţһŭݵ˵
峤ǿûôްɣԺ˿ɻҪ峤ء
żԣⷬüԺ֮˶סˣ
Ժ˻ҪԵĶ
˼ΪѼˣ
ôأǼԼĻ
Ҫ֪ĵܵܵǿǻ˼ҵĸǰġ
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㵽ʲô˼ҪɱҪϤ㣬ҪΪңҿҴˣ
ԿŵôĿ
Ȼ֪ʲôıǼȴŵĻ
һԵļ񷿴ŵҲ̵峤ˣǡ
ҲΪԼˣһֱҪΪĶġ
һӴӲ֮˾ˣ
о϶ʲô⣬ۼҺͼҽõĻô¾֮Ϊεһˣ
䣡
ֱһȭ˼ϣǼԴҲû뵽ȻԼְ
һȭûκεĺ֣
˾Ƕߵķһ㣬ֱӱɳȥ֮Զ
żɫ԰׵ģסˣһԼҲסˡ
Ͷ״
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ԿŵЩʵ峤㡭Ǻ⣿
Ѿ˵ˣ峤Ԫϣô᲻Ԫأ֮ǰΪƻ󣬲Ż˷֮£Ժ󲻻ٳˣ
˵Ļ˵꣬һԵĵѾǱQ˳
峤ˣɡǵʦǿǼҵĸǰİ
ŵԼҵ峤ǻһһ
ԭΪع飬׵ľǼԵùء
һôû뵽ع֮󣬵һ˾ȻͶ˵ۼҵļ񷣡
˼ʵǷ˼
ô˵Ļ鲻ɣɫһ䣬ƺϤĵۼ峤
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ҲڵЩ꣬㵹ѧ˶˰Ĩһ˿ɱ
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ʵЩܲصգϥ¹
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ˣ
һıܹʲô취أ
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峤˽˲֮û뵽͸˸һ
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һԵļԵҲ֪׷ʲô飡
ô겻㻹ǹҰ
Զ
һ𣬵һεĳŵĺ󷽿ȥʱ
һ˵Ӷˣ




2231½Σ
 

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׵ͬʱ֣һּ𶯣
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ĳ֣һ𺳣
׺͵ĳ֣ȴһּȵ𾪣Ѿǳ˵ֹˣ
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΢΢һЦżԵ˵ķ򻺻˹
ʥϣ
⼸һ֮ƺһըˣ
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סףǶ֪ǿǵ۳˰
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һּ֮˳׵ˣôҲû뵽һﾹȻɽĴ׵۾ף
׺͵Ҳһɻ
⵱˿νɱû뵽ȴΪ˺һ㣬ֹϵ˴Ħѣ
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ԭһֱûɵȴʮҵļҲǳ׵ķˡ
û뵽һεΪ׵ĳ֣Ϊģ
ⲻò˵컯Ū˰
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Цˣôأ
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һ˵ĪӣҲ֪Ƿǳģ
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ǺǣǰɣԺҪػˣˣ׵˵
ɡۼ峤͵⡭⵽ô°
Կŵ͵ӣֿ˿ʵǲ֪⵽׷ʲô飿
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ʥڶԿ۳Ⱥǿټϴʥˮ֮ˣԺʥҲ˵һӣ
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һεĻع飬ôԶأ
׽ãǼ˵ûκεĻ
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˵Ժ׵۾˵Ĺͣκ˼׵۾Դɱҵˣ
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ףϵĵ޷죡
һԵļԲֱӵʥϵκξҵȶֵ֧ģ
׵˵Ȼ˵Ļұ˵ˡڱ۳ٲά裬ҿ֮ȥҴ׻ʳҵĵ̣
ðٲڱ۳ǰ˵ɫˣԼǾ˫ͬͬ⣡
ԥһ£û⣬ֻ˴ģǨҪһЩʱ䣬ʥϷģҾɣ
ţȻ˵Ļ䵱Ǳҿɾͽ˰
һεĿ˵ʵ˵İٰ䵱뱱۳Ӧûκεˣ
˵ʱôţ˼ȶ
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ʱߵɵۼǿҲˣ
أ
һӶʮλһλɵڵǿߣԺ׻ʳ˵Ǻ°
׾Լع׻ʳʣµҲǷĵĺܣ
ֵ
׳ű۳༲۶ȥΪһҪĿǷڵϣ
ѪŵĲÿа




2232ڷ
 

ڣ
ڱ۳۳ļз֮䣬ǿɽ磡
ɽҲӵǲ࣬۳˵ʵҲҪһЩӵģ
ڵĸڣǵڣ
ƺһʼ㲻Ըû˵ʲôʱѺù

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ҲΪ֮Ĺϵ֮Ħһֱǲϵģ
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˸оֵǣڵķжڵķֺţ
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þͺʵ൱ԾֳʲôĦҲǻϢ˵ģ
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׶һطط׵һιʶ˼˵ûУ
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˿ףҲǸֳһĨֺ֮ɫ
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īЦһɾĪҪҿЦˣôܹᲢأԺҪᣡ
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īףȻ˵ڶˣȴ˸һ˿˷ܵĹâ
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׼ѯ֮ʣѾ˳īķΧ˹
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2233֮
 

ڷУ
īڸʲôһֱԼӣƺ±˿һ㣡
ͻȻֵļˣīɫЩ仯
Ϊ֮˿ȥ֣ϴŵڵķΣ˭Ҳ벻ôļһﾹȻһλʦ
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Ϊ֮˿īƺīǳĸȤ
׿˿ˣǰһôܻӭأ
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ǰɣʦԹ㣬㾹ȻҾܾСǲǲڻ˻զΣ
Ϊ֮˵ԱߣһȥһЩӶī
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ʵֻһ㻯׿Ƿǳһ㣡
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ȻһƺǳĲһʵɳڣ
ֻЩ벻ͨһССɳ֮ôܾڵĵأ
ȥƺǳɱֿī
µýһ󵽰ɣλѾӶңұΪɷ񣬽˶ѣ
īһףҲᶨ˵

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׿һ𻢵ôô
ӴǣڵĵϸҸô˵˻ǲడ
𻢵ϸֳһ˿ζ̬Ҳû뵽ǰһﾹȻҸԼΣ
߰ɣ
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ʵϣĿЩһֶоЩˣ
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īһ㶣Ҳû뵽ǰλԼȥͲļһȻĸҸ𻢽а壡
ɫ¶һ˿ϲɫɣǰڵķУĶһоУҪʲô߶ܹҵõ
īһ˪ӽ֣ȻңţҰһȸ˵
ϸֳһĨŭɫû뵽Լڵִ£ȻīСӸˣ
Ҫ֪СÿοԼ˶Ƶߵģ
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īļһȻѪѪ
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ĵط¾Ͳ̫ʺˣ
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ô˵Ļӵ֮ǳȻ״̬µһ˸ɱˣ
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ֻҪҪӵ֮˵Ƿǳѵһ飡
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֮ӵǿֶ֮⣬ԻҲ쳣У˵һĺӰ
𻢣ô۸ˣ
īףԭָܹ΢һ£ɿ׾ȻԼ߷Ҳ͸
Լֿˣ
īԼһ϶ٲ˵ʱĸǰһݵŮ𻢳




2234²ɵұ
 

ڷ⣡
һƬƺҲû̫˵Ĺע
Ҫ֪ÿģ淢һЩͻʲôģ˵ֱ̫ϡƽˣ
ÿ춼ڷһЩ˼飬ѰһЩСɫ㳳֣˭ֻȥעأ
ʦΪ˭ôĶ㰡
𻢿ǰŮӣ͸һӲ飡
ǸʦŮ𻢳𻢣Ϊڵִ£úõΪ飬۸ˣͲڹ𣿡
ʦһССŵӣΪܹҵ飿īһٶڵϣҽҪ˵棬С֣
𻢿ʦƺŮ֮ӵˣ
𻢣Ϳī˵Ҳǰڵ˰ɣǲڵҲ޹𣿡
ʦȥӦҲǵһΰīˣ
Ϊ׷Ů֮īƺֳһĨΣ

ӦǴˣ
ʦŮӣ׵ҲЩͣ
ŮһУ
˵īˣһ˿Ǳ֮ŮͦȻһ˿ġ
ô˵˶ɨسţûκεĹϸˣ㻹Ϊֱ绤ҸʦǱִŵӵķϣһʰˣ
𻢿ʦŭһ
ʦ㣬㡭˰ɣ
īĶͷ¶ȥѾ˼㣡
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ʦīһҪ챾ִѾ˵ҪһȴˣȱһҪۣ
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߰ɣȥǰ濴ɡ
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ĸʦֵĻ˵һǧҲ˰٣
ȻǲԸɵģҲΪˣһֱ治ɲȴĶ֣
ʱ׵Ĳ廰һоԼһй;
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𻢿ȷǣһԲڵˣ
ֻҪڵˣǾͺðˣ
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˵ԭûīӣ
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׿𻢣˵ƺûʲôϵɣ
һûйϵҾҪ㿴ûйϵ
𻢷ζըˣ⼸һһʵƽƽȴû뵽ܹԼͷʺ
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ݣ
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׵ĳʵ̫̫죬쵽˸ûо֣
ɵVSɾ
ֱͲһϵĳ֣˿̵Ҳ¶һ˿㵵ı飡
·֪׷ʲôһ㣡
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ǰʦֵôͻȻ֮ûˣ⡭Ҳֲ̫˰
ҡҿһЩŹ֣ɿȥֲô񰡣
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𻢵ΧǼΣʵǲ֪ôͻȻӣ
ɣ˵ز˾ǻǸϽ߰ɡ
ī׺ʦ뿪ߣڻҲߵĻһ¾߲ˣ
ֻīʦ˿ҲӵĽʵǲ֪׷ʲô飡




2235²µǰ
 

ִ¾ˣ˶֪˵ôģ
һʱ䣬ڷҲһƬȻ
ֻǵףѾʧ˷еΧ
ʦī뿪˷УڴȥĻ½鷳޾ˡ
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֮壡
׶һ̬ҲһЩת䣡
ǰҿȶһӰɣղǼһڵִ£Ȼλߣȴڡ
ʦףҲ֪ղŵô£
ֲɵӣͷβûп˼ǰκεĽ֮
ʦøղ𻢵ֱ۲ɣǰλǰĽҲ˵أ
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ǺǣͲˣڣҲţ黹ûаͶҲû
׵˵㣿
ɵˣҲ̬ȣ
ī׵ǰʵǿҲڵĶְɣҲȨ֮ƣȹһӷƽ˾ˣڻҲûڹעˡڲߵĻ¡
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ڵķûʲôóԵģȻߣȻҲҪһλȤ
׿ʦīЦŵƺѹҲѸղŵ鵱£
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ʦ˵û£Ͳ˵ˡ
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īһ׵ĻҲʼ磡
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ζԹٴˣûģ
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īƳһ׵ǰȥĻҲǿԴ·ģ
ǰʵҾ¥λƫƧȴҸƧһЩĵطҲǱȽϺõġ
ʦףʵ֪׵ȥȥ
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Ҫ۵ʯĻɽҲһλˡ
ʦЦЦǰߴ̽̽ϢīȥɣֵطЩҲȥģ
ǺǣȻǱһɣһ˳Ҳǳԣ˳Ҳǳԣ
׿īʦҲǷԼ룡
˵һģīǰѾͷ˼ԼīҲ˼⵹һĻᣡ
ҲҪī֮ǰ鵽ô£
Ҳȥԣ
һ˵һԵĿɿڴĿף
īҲû뵽ǰλǰȻҪһȥԡ
˷ܡ֣̿
һϵ鲻סıţ
ȷ
˵ֵطȥĵط˵ǳˣǿһǷǳĳʶġ
ǰɱǿЦˣҡʸȥֵط
īܿĻعоЩ
ԼⱲǿ϶ȥĵطˣֻôҲû뵽ƺҪʵԼشĿ֮һˣ
࣡
ʦƺҲ쳣˷ܣ׿ĳСѾǺ죡
ȻڼȵĿԼıƺѾǳˡ




2236ﶼпŹ
 


ĸ̽ɫĴ¥Եľ߹һˮıʷ棬˸оԴ֣֮
ЩüĿ˿ط濴ȥȷҪζҪܶ࣡
òĻǸԵ÷ǳĽŹӵϢ
ǰ
īʦ˷ܵı飬طǵ˲ٻء
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ҲΪʲôɽ粻Ҫʳȴܹúܶ¥һԭ
οЩ޵ǿ̺ģ߳Ա³Щطﻹĺõطأ
ǰڵķмΪĳкܶ˶ĽأʦΪ˵
طûУ׿ʦЦʵ
ϰˣǿɽպĴ֮һɽĴܴλءֻԭԿܶĵģǹܴƺ׬ȡʯ̫Ȥһֱֻһң
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˵ͦʵڵģȻҲǺҪȥԣһ뵽ôʯҲЩˣ
ˣߵĵҲȱʯǾͷĳ԰ɣЦŵ
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Ϊ֮˴īʦһԵףмʵ
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֮ˣȻۿ˵ͣǹߵǣ
ӴǣвİȻĻǿɾ͹ֲôүˣ
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㡭ʲôҿŵĵӣǶһԿ
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ϾڵͷǷǳģ˼ҵĵϿ⣬ǿ϶ܸ˼ҳ׷ġ
ҲûҪǣ
ֻǸʦûбҪʣµǿɾͰڵˣ
ңѡʦ
װڰֵҪŹһʶעûʲô̫ĳϢģǽȥɡ
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ס֣
׼ѵһ⼸ŹʱһɤѾƮȻ
ԭֵ˫ͬһͣԼϵĶ




2237¹˿
 

ſڣ
һɤ֮ǰӲϢ
Ϊ֮һҲǹĳ˵С㣬ôˣ
գʲôأ⼸˭
˿ĴС㣬ҲǹܴΨһŮ
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Ҫ֪ǿȻܶ࣬ҪΪɹ۾ӵʵͿԵġ
ͬģҲҪǿĵ̲У
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ɼһЩɾɾǿߣǵıӴҲǵģ
˵գʦʵһ㣬ҲҶʦ
ֻܹ׺īûʲôλ˳
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ÿʯǿɶǳһģЩʱ򻹻٣
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˿յĻҲתһ׵ˣ
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ռԸĿףû˵
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һ֮
Ժͻ֪Էˣ
˿׵ĻҲ΢΢üϾԼˡ
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ԭ׼⼸ⵥģɵ˵Ļʱͷ漴ˣ
λҵ˲ԣǽһۣ
ԭⵥڱۣ
˿ʵҲҪ˵ûǮԷûǮԷĻҲúúõĸ˵˵
˼ǮԷĻ˿ʲôҲûзˡ
߰ɡ
׿Ҳûп˿һۣȻŮĲҲӦõģ
ԼҵĿŹ飬ǿ϶˸ˣ
ۣ
׿ɲϡҲ˿ĻûκεȤΪ˳Էġ
ԷͼʲôͼĲһ
ŪôĲ죬ȻҲˬˣ
ŮˣЩʱĥĶԽǶԽƨɣ
ʱôͲͬˣ
㡭Ҳ˵лɣ˿׵˾ȻҪߣҲˣ
ѿڶ
˿û뵽ԼȻôһëͷСӸˣ
ǣ׿Ź˿ʵ
⡭⵱Ȼǣ˿ҡҡͷɫǺ˵
ˣȻǣΪʲôҪ˵ллΪνֲҳԷҲǲʯл
׿Ź˿ҲЩˣղȷǷǳ
˿˭ôţ
˿ҪǺʱſȴһλӣȥǸ




2238˵ļ֮
 

壡
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Ȼ˿ȥǰţƺûκεȤ
˿ҾǿһȻ㲻ҪͷҰͷˣ
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лл˿㣬Ѿ˺þأ
ŮľǺãȻԴ˿̬Ȳ࣬ܵĴȴر
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˿㣬Ҹ춼Ҷ˵㣬˵Ҷ䶼ĥˣ㻹ֱӸ˶أ
ľŹ˿ҲЦŵƺδΪԼĸܵߣ
һƣԼε˵డöվһˣ
һԿ⼸ˣ壿
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һ֮ǰǸԼȥΪҪ治Ҫ¶˵ĻСͱԼʰˣ
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⵽ʱѡǿʵ
ԺԼǷǳŵģҲ֪ԼԱߵλøеţ
ֻϧڴ˵ңԾԼҲûã
ԼãʱԼþԲվںīiһߵģ
ŵľʵҲǷǳĲпģ⼸ֵ֮Ĺϵ治ʵѾʼˣ
ȻˣڲˬԭΪǰ⼸һһͷǳĵͼ
˹˿Ȼۣ
һʱ䣬ļ֮ѾȼգټԼÿĴ̼
ܹסأ⼥֮һѿڶ




2239±ִ
 

壬Ҹ飬ûκεĹϵ
˿ʵ׻ЩȤһﾹȻ֪Լݻӣ
ǹ˿ôҲû뵽飬һӦöԼһЩ
ⱾԼΪĿûгҲˣһＥһ£
ԭĸĹ˿ôܹܵأ
һӻͲˣ
ҪȻҲ׵Աߣ׼׵Ц
Լȴϲָָ㣬׹ԼȤҲԼжϡ
жϱ˵ˣͷǳĲˬˣ
˿̵Ĺ˿ôܸʲôɫأ
һƵĿŹ˿˿˵ʵ˵ģ˵īһжĳϢ
ī
˿ƺһȤǹܼô꣬һȻҲ֪һ
Ȼī鴫Ƿзְ汾ɣ
ɹ˿ûмīںһ˵ī֣ҲǱܵΪ׾īˣ
԰Ǹһɲī𣿳ڵķεʵ͵Ϣ˿ӦҲ֪˰ɣ
忴Ź˿Ҳǵ˵
һ˿Լ⣬֪Ѿ˹˿Ȥˣ
һԵĺľЦŵ˿㣬Ҹ˵ĸ˵ĲһˣǸǺļһﲻīīǸһԱߵˣ
˵ڿǸˣǸŮ˶Ǹһ
˿ԭΪ׾īīȻ֪ġ
ǸһīĻԼҲҪһǲװˣ
Ϊ֪īڵܱ߻ӣǻ쳣ҵ֣
ǸһĺܣӦòڵˣ˭Ͳ֪ˡҸղ˵ģīһˣܺõʲôطȥǿǼһʲôʵɾڣһ
ôôĲˬֻҪǶԼвǾͱҪǲ
һССɾȻܹ˿ע⣬úʵǲˬ˼㣡
ֻҪһлᣬǲŹģ
˵磬ֲ֪˼Ҷһ˼ͽɾأľƺԼĸͷһ㣡
û˵ôɽ˽츳֮⣬һݱľģ츳õΣһССΪʯ㻹˼
˺ˣ磬ֲǲ֪˼ЩҶͬҲ˿ͬаɣ̧ܸɶ
ľʼ磬Լĸ綼켱ˣҲ¶һ˿Ц
˿źڵĵϵȻ˵ĻˣɽܹжأԲҪǸ߸ϵĿűˣҾӣΪǣ
ͣ
ľһ˿ĻҲǿЦ
ҲһԼƺ˵ʲôܹ˿Ĵ
ԼҲԼΪķԽǹ˿ԼȴŮ˺ã
ڸоԼЩ̬ˣǾø˿һô⣡
ָоҲֻԼܹˣ
ֵ̯̯úúãҲ˵˰ɣҵҪ⼸һܵʲô
ľݸһЦ磬˵ɣʱ˼Ҵ㶼ûеطվ
Һ۹ʲôʱһεŵ
˿üˣĳԲĻʱҸⵥˣ֮ǰҲôģ
ⵥ˵˿˰ĸʯʱҰЩ԰͵ļһȸ˵
һ˿ȻҪⵥĶʻһˣ
ƾʲô
Լ˿ϵŮÿһιʵʵʯһ㶼
ôһԶʱŮ˾Ȼ˵ⵥĻ
壬ƺƹģɣ˿΢΢һЦ
ʵںҲ˵ϲᣬǶûио˿Ҳһϲ͵ˣ
˺ˣһǾҶûԷˣ˼Ѿ׼ʼ㵥ˣǿ͵𣿡
ľĿ˵
һҾͰѻߣǵ㵥ҪǳǧƷʯװʲôβǡ
һֱΪװԹ˿̬Ϊ˿ע⣡
ҲԼЩ̫һЩڴʵû̫Ľú˵ţ
㵥
˵΢Ŀ˿ʵҲ̫öֱӺ˹׼ѯˣ
һʱ䣬˿˵Ŀⶼ۽ϣ
ĿŹ˿ƺһжƿ֮У




2240µһҳÿһ
 


Ų˵׵ķ˹ȥɫÿ
ǹ˿һԿţղſڽӴ׵ģ˭Ӵ˭㵥Ĺǹ˿µ
ҵҹʱҲɵģ
Ʋѣʲôɣ
ʲôͻĻ⵽ʱһԸʮƷʯĻɾǱˬ֣
ȻڹִҲǷǳ٣ٻлĲǣ
ǰȻ֮е飡
ΪƷḻȻܶ˶֪ǵĻԴǴʲôطģ˼ҵĶǺܶ˶򲻵ġ
ʵ˲֪ǣ˿ϵĹϵǳĺã
һЩǿ彨õĹϵĻԴǴЩǿ֮лõġ
ΪһֱôԸıмɣ
Ժܶ˿Ҳó˵Ʒûκġ
Ĳ˵һҳĲ˼ۣǽһţ
ֻҪ˵һҳƷˣѾǳʮƷʯġ
һҳĲƷȴ˵㵥Ҽǵ㵥ĻҲÿߵûֻ
׸ղΪʲôֱӺ㵥˹ΪԼҲЩǲģ
Σ
һ˿ȥͷǳĺˣ
ںܶ˵УǾǳǿĴڣ
ȻνпΪ͵ȵ֮ģҲǿĶ
ߣεļֵЩĿ࣡
Ϊ۸ߵһˣΪֹԹ˵ȷǲ
һֿԽеóŵˣ
Ѱ֮ˣ˵ǳˣ붼ͷ
ʦīףҲΪĽţΪʼûзҳҲûмʶжôİ
ڿһҳĲƷ֮˵СȶӸоЩˣ
ֲ̫ˣ
һˣΣǼֱǮˣ
ʮƷʯ
ԵֵһƷļ۸˰
ˣһЩԺ֮ˣ˵ʱҲҪüͷ
ʵ̫ˣǰûб߼ʵ֣
ӹԷڣһҲͳԹΣ
ҲֻһԼǮģʣµֻǲԲȵ֡
Ҫʲô
յ̬ȷǳĲãȻ̫ΣһֶûУûκεƣ
׵Ҳǲ⣬Ϊһ￴ȥǳı
һˬ죬ԼԷֲġ
̬ڲˬҲҪΪԼ˷Ĳ
׿˿ʦīЦʵûʲôԵģ㣡
У㣬ΪǸ𣿡
ʵ̲סһεĿڵ
̧ͷһǸգǿĿ֮£վȻûһĲ
оǳĶˣΪ˿Ŀ⣬ӲıȥԼŭ
īʦڽŵĲУһʻҲ쳣Σ
ʦʿˮǰҪȻɣʳҲһ˳һҲˣ
һˣǺǣһЩˣӦöһ
׵˵ʵ֮ǰⷭ˵ĲȻֻɲȴҲһ㣡
ΨһܹоҪԵģҲǰ⼸ˣ
ʵĴǰÿһݣ˵һˣ
Ҫǲ㣬ĿҪأ
û˵ī
ⱬΣǲΣ׿ճʵ
ߣǹǳڣȻдǱǾΣΣ𣿡
˵һ˾ûмģ
ƷﵨҲˣһεʵ
ûˣЩֲ㣬ȥ˼Ҫÿһ˶һ£ǹ⻹ҪҪ˰
շ׵ĶǷǳĲˬһлȻǺúõһˣ
˿Щ̲סվյķ˹ȥҲǸ
գǵɣ˿ҲоΪգֱӽˣ
һԵĺ忴Ź˿Щ˵˿һʲô֪ʲôηﵨˣĻܵʲôֵϰԳ
׿һۺͷûµ˻Ƕడ֪ĻΪϰأ
㡭һ
˿壬ǹ飬޹أ
ͶˣȻӿͣҾͿʼˣЦŵ
ӿͣ㡭˿ɫһ죬һ˵ô˰
ûֱӵһҳˣÿһˣҲÿˡ




2241Ż˵
 


׵һϯ˲¥üž
ˣڹĺܶ˵ʵǺɵ飡
ڵǣЩ˶ǵһҳĲˣ
ǰѵǣ˭֪һҳĲǶôİ
кܶԷǶֱƿһҳǵڶҳЩ˼۰ЩԲĲƷ֮ϣ
㡭˵ʲô
˿Ҳһ˵ʵӿҵҲֻмһ𱻵ġ
ܹһӵôˣһǸǿĶ
۳ĵ۾ںڵȵȣЩʲôݣ
ӵŶٵʯǻ᲻ںЩ
Ҫ֪ǰ˵ܼѾǳƷʯ˵ѾܹһƷˣ
֪Ʒʯֻǳһٷʲôĸ
ҲΪˣ˿һĿɿڴӲԵôʵ
׵˸ǵӡͦʵģΣǲһָΪǿҵķ
ʲôЦΪ˭
һԵĺҲǾ°Ͷˣʵû뵽һﾹȻôĸҵ㣡
ƷʯĲƷһﶼգһ۾͵ˣ
ѾһΪŮĿѾǲܲˡ
˿ɲҪЦȻ˵˸ۣǲѣ֪ǹ԰͵ĺ
һûмģ㿪İɣ׷ʵ
ȻҼҵģ˿ʲõ˵
ʼȻҵģҵЩ˲׬ȡʯ𣿻ʯģҪĻҿɲⰡ
㡭㲻ʶģ
˿Ǳһû˵ˣԼôȫǿĸܣû뵽Լǹҧˣ
˿̣˿޲ȥһӣ
ˣԼǲܹͬ鰡
˿һһǿûǮҵҪô죡
һ԰οŹ˿ǹ˿ûκεķӦ
˿ֻ̣Ǻݺݵĵףܹɱ˵ĻĲ֪˶ٴˡ
һҲŵܹһö
ƷʯĲƷһȻ˵͵ˣҲŵò֨ˣ
Ʒʯ
ڹô꣬ԼҲʮƷʯ
ǰԼļһȻһӵô࣬ʯǹأ
ɲôվԼӦԶҲûɣ
һϣԼѾҪļһˡ
׵ԱߣʦīŵЩɫҰף˿ѾǷȻȥ
˿֪ͨԼĸ⼸ˣ
»꣡
Ҳʲôûл飬һ׼Ϳˣ
˿ĺҪһǰ֧ãʡĵʱ˷Լҵʳġ
ɹһȳԷ˵ģôҲֻΪʯͻ飡
˵ָǼССģСĸǶпܷĲ
Ź˿ȥӣʦҲǶ׵ǰǰ⡭Ҫôడ
ǰǰǿǺüƷʯĲ˰͡ôǲ̫ϧ˰
ī˿ҲһĿף
֮ǰ׸ڵִ·ͻʱѾĵˡ
⻹ûͣһᣬһεĸ˷˳ͻ
滹ڵĺ壬īʦһ
ȻˣǴ˿̸𾪣
˵ˣκһ˶ǿġ
׿ʦīЦŵԸôĵ𣿽Ȼͣ⸶ʯͲǵĿǷΧ֮ˡֻܳԾˣѾ˲𣿡
ǰ⡭̫ˣ̫ˣʦǲĵ˵
֮֮ôʯһûзУ׵˵һŵģҲǸȾīʦ
īҧҧʦǰ£ʲôⱲһֱǱĺܣĻᣬī޺ˣ
ҲǣѾˣǾͳ԰ɣʦⱲӰѲ鶼ˣҲûźˣ
ʦҲǼһ˿ЦݣҰοķʽԼоЩˣ
׿īЦŵī֮ǰǸŵִ˵⵽ô°
״еĿģʵΪ˸īһ𺳣
Լ׵ͬʱԼΪãǺܼ
ʵϣҲ֪īڵ״ԼҪӦǷַӵ飡
ͻȻʣīЩԥĿףƺɫҲЩˡ




2242īѡ
 

īɫͻ䣡
ʵϣÿ˵жԼܣЩԸⱻἰܣ
ǿˣҲģ
īΪ˻ܶǼڱߵıԵ
סˣΪʲôΪҪţ
ǽ죬һεἰȻûʲôֵ˼ȴҲоԼһ̣
ں
īΪ׵ѯʶоŭ෴ģ˲
ڻ켣ô꣬ûΪԼͷ
ǽ죬ΪԼ𻢶ˣ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôͻȻˣһ꣬īȻǼеģ
׵ѯʣһֶ˵ĸо
ΪݣѾֹһεı˳Ц˼裡
ΪһѪյˣ˭ܹܵסأ
ǰ֪
ʦףЩֹ˵
īסʦ׵ǰ֪ڣղ˵ҵ飬Щɻ󡣿ҵݵȷǺܡܡ
īһ˵ˣΪԼ˰ݣ
оĺǣԼĸ׺ԼĸȴҪԼˣ
ⷽǷԭ򣬿ǼȻԸеһΣֺοԼأ
īīҵϵ֣ȴͨŵӶĴ
īоԼˡ
ƽʱһֹۻӣȴʼոоЩ̧ͷ
׿īЦŵɽƴκ鶼ϵǸпǻ֮Ȼ
ǰͲҪȡЦˣ֪ҵݣǲǾǸ֣
īɴ۾ףԼ˵Լ֣
ȻʵѾͬ˱˵˵̸ֺԱأ
ÿһ˶Լˣκ鶼ԡκԼˣôܿ㣿ǰأ
Ŀϣī˵ԼҲ
ǰѵǣ벻ˡȸһҲǿߣȺѪӦǸӵ˲ǣЩϹ˵ˣ
ʦһ԰οīʶī֮󣬶ʵΪͬ飡
ʦҾһ㣬ʵƽƽ
ȴŴİīΪĵ˵һеŮӣ
ҲΪһ㣬īʦҲһĪĺøУ
׵ͷжǿСС;Աûܹȵ㣡
ǰԼǣǰ֪ѾɨسţҵĸĸҲңߵκεط˶ңҪǱȵ춼Ҫѣû˸һϵĲ
ī΢΢һ̾ʵǿᣬֺ˵Ŀأ
ڣÿ׬ȡʯΪ
ûκεûκһԸվ
ǲ۸īЩӷˡ
״̬£īôأ
ǿ־ҲǱ¸ʴ˰ɣ
ʦ̾һߵɽǰ·ҪʵڲеĻ뿪ڣ֮û֮𣿡
뿪ڣԼС˰ɣ
īƵ̾һһ˵⣬˲о˶ѹˣ
ԸⲻԸң
ʱȻ̧ͷīʵ
īʦͬʱһ㶣Ҳû뵽ʱȻ˵Ļ
ǰǰԸң
īף˶ˣ
̸ϣҵǾ츳ǳĲܹΪã˵Ҳһְﻥ
΢΢һЦȥīѾͬˣ
ɡǰҡݿܻܶ鷳Ѳ㲻𣿡
īףҲЩǵѯʵ
ĺԼݸ״鷳ͷԼҲǿջϲһ
䵽ʱŪ²̨ھ˵
׿īǵЩһ˵Ļʵ֪ҲˣҾһ䣬㵽ԸⲻԸңҲԸƱȻңԺû˸׵۸㣡
˵Ļ©
Դǿʵţī֮ȷǷǳĺ
īīԺİ˻ǻﻥ
ҡҵȻԸ⣡
ī֪׵ʲôˣֱӴӦף
Ҳ΢΢һ̾һ￴ҲͶ·ˣôô׵أ
ԼǱаħõĻԺɽһѼﰡ




2243ǰ˭
 

̸
īôƺһôĿģ
û뵽ǰ֮˾ȻԸԼ˿̵Ҫȥѯ׵Ǹʲôģ
ҪʵҪǿʵ
ǰλǰǿԸԼϣˣ
οѾܹЩۣҲҪȥһ
ҲֻԼǻţ
ֹһҪɱīԼû뵽һȻҲ˿
Ľϣ
ɽһֽһĴڣ
״˵īһּΪǿҵİȫС
һְֱܹȫУ
ʦīҲ¶һ˿Цݵϲ㰡ҿǰԺ㻹ܹǰһأ
ʦҡллЩҵչˣֻҡΪ
īʦԴһ˿Ĳᣡ
ϲʦ
׶óһôȣ
īƺΪԼݣ붼룡
ʦЦŵΪҰΪͼʲôֻǿЩ˵ѣֲĴҾĴҲûʲôϵɣʲô˰
˵ûƺЩ˼Ӧ֪ɣ
׵ĻʦīǱߣһ㴰ֽıͱˡ
һﻹϲý֮ǰѾйˡ
һһεƺеӣ
һŮߵģҲˬʵЦ
ġС
īʹԼԴƳһʦƺڹ۲ʦӣ
ʦɫѾǺĵˮˣҲһӲ֪˵Щʲô
׿īϲʹ󵨵˵Ϊһ˾ҪҵɹҲҪ׷ԼҸʲôڿҵˣҿɲҵô鶼Ҫηηģ
ǰͲҪЦˡʦףҲǼæ
ҪȢ㣬Ӧ𣿡
׶ڸʵҲǸѵΪԼʥһǱʣ
ǿһ˵ֱӣʦߵɫͨ죡
ôֱӵʷ
׵ӣʦһӱÿڳݲôˣ׵ǰ֪ôʵҶûиġǰӦ֪ڵĵӣĸһǲǺңǺ
ôˣҾȢ㣬ҴӦ𣿡
׾ӵļʵʦƺҲ֣
Щʧȥǵ˵ǰҡҵȻҴӦ
ģʦ
īԭѾ˱ʦܾ׼ʦԼŮ
ʦɵĵӣôῴԼһ˰ļһأ
һ̣ȴõʦ쳣϶Ĵ𰸣
Ļŭţһվ
׿ī£ôһ㶼סأҵˣʦڵˣǹһЩʱգұȥװɣ
ףǰǧҪ
ʦһ˵ףоԼˣ
ղֻһʱѣǵ侲ʱȴĿ΢΢
ʦ߲ʲôģΪ֪ԼһеĻʱ۵ĿɲԼԼļ˺ī
īݼΪ⣬һ˲֪˲
ͻȻ˵Ҫȥףڵδ棿
ʱŴŭǿɾͲһ𻢵ˣλǰҪԵĿڰ
ˣ֪ڵʲôҴصԺҲҵұۣڿҲûκεǰ;ҿԸ㱣֤ңǵԴڵʮϡ
ûбģеľԴ
Դɽ磬ºܹ
һڣ׻ĲУڵֻҪĿ꣬һ۳һʥɽ
ɽ磬˭ģ
ǰЩ鲻ô򵥵ģʦƵ˵
ЦŵЩҲôӵģٷǾƺһٷƷʯ˼飬Ƕ˵Сһ
ǰҡðһ䣬˭𣿡
ʦǱīܹסī˿̾ǸСһĿʦ
ŮʱڻܹԼıģʵȽѵõģ
׵Ҳǳ֮һԿСԧȻԼˣҲ˳ˮ۶ѣ
ҽף
׿ʦ˵




2244¼īʦ
 

ףôôϤ
ʦ׵Ļһʱ֪׵˭أ
Ȼܶ˶˵ףվǵǰǷ벻˭ˣ
ʵ׵ĳһʱ滹ǳĹ㷺ģ
ֻȥʮˣܶҲἰ֣һЩˣ
ī׵֣ҲЩ֣
ΪһڷˣСϢǷǳͨģ
ʦһûзӦĹīȴЩӦˣ
ʿˮǰǲǴ׻ʳĵ۾
ǣҵѾˣ
׿īҲݸһЦҲǱĳԼݣ
īɫĿףһоԼǿ˹δһ㣡
Ϊһż
ںܶһ˵ϵĴڰܶ˶Ϊ
īʵһʱҲǷǳĳλ׵۾
ֻû뵽һܹףܹ˵ϻ
ΪҪǣ׾Ȼ׻ʳ
֮ǰ֪׵ݣīŸָ뷨
֪ˣʣµΨм
ֲøղ˵ôİ˼ҿǸ۳ܹ½׻ʳĵ۾
ʦһԿīǣЩɻʵ㡭ǰ˵ʲôذĪʶǰ
ʦˣ⡭Ǵ׵۾㻹ǵòǵöʮǰˣ
īʦһʱʦĹ
ֻʦûиⷽȥ룬ЩһҲûзӦ
īѣʦҲɫ䣡
ֱ仯ɾ㵱˼˷֮飬Ǽʲô˲õһ㣡
ԭԭǰż񰡣
ʦףҲ˷ܵԸӣǹĻҪˣ
ףеż͸Լһϣ
֮ǰȻŴԼλż׽ܹ۳Կ֮ˣļƷʯ˼˵ʲôѶȿԣ
һʱ䣬ʦī϶֮ǰҪŲ֪ٱˣ
ǺǣʲôʱżˣԼ֪ЦЦ
ʵҲ֪Լ⣬֪ܶԼҲ쳣飡
Ըղֻ˵һ֣īѾǷӦˡ
ҵż񣬲ҵż񣬸Ǻܶ˵żأں߹Ĵ˵кܶܶأֻû뵽쾹Ȼܹ
ʦ鼤˵ҲЩµĸо
Цŵҵʱܰɣµģڵʱȥ׵飬ûһİ
УȻа
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ڴʥҪΪǳͷˣǴûϣ˺ܴϣ
ʦףüʵǰΪһǺڷĻǲֵõģ
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װ˵˵ǲ̫ںЩ
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һ֮壬ΪУ׿ֵõģ
οʵǿڵɣԼѪܹţʵûʲôζԣ
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˿ǱߵȴţԷûˣ͵׵˳극׼ֱȥǮˣ
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ǹ˿һӦòôǮ֮ǰһĵϷһ˼ĵȴűĻᣡ
һԵĺԹۣ޲ֱ˵ϡ




2245¼˵
 

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һֵܳǱ߳ԷԼҪһƨɣֱûˣ
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ǼһﾹȻ˵Լǽӿ͵ģӿ͵Ĵʿɲʲôôʣ
˿ôûмָԼôšͣԼû̫취ˣ
磬˿㣬һԴףһŭȻǿ˼ҵȺͷɣΪ˼ֻװѣʵҵǾã˼ֻǵ͵ѣʵ˼ҿͷܴҲ˵أ
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׸һָоʵҲеģֻһ²̫һЩʲôѣ
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ڸоԼߵŮˣƺЩ˰
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˿Ŀ˿ľľŻҰһûһܹ˵۰
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˿ɫһҡǱģľһͷС
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ЦһҲ֪ðıںڵĵϣûм˸˵Լͷܴأһ˸𸶲𻹲֪أưɣҿһǸװ
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ں廰δ䣬Ҳ֪⻹ģŹ˿ķ˹




2246ܻĺ
 


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忴ףһֺӣ·Ѿƶ׿϶ǸǮģ
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Сӣǲǣ
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ԭΪ׿϶ҪԼ磬ԼҸһһ˵
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忴һСӣٶʮƷʯ
һΪһǹ˿أû뵽ȻҲǹӵģߵĽӴǿεĺܰ
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һһûбߣ
ⲻ˵ԼҪ֪ԼڵĵϵпܳΪδѡ
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ĸ²أ
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˿ʧԼСһһĻᶼûУ
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˿ɿ⣬Ȼ˼Ǯ˼ҾĿͻ
ͻ飬˿ɲϾô˿أһʮʮٵģʱô죿
ȥСӾȻʯҲһ㶣漴ͷɲʯܹģСӣ߱ˣүҡ
˭ֻ߱һء
׵˵һƺ̫һЩһ޵ʱء
Сӣͻͦᣬ֪һͻܲ˵ͱ뿪ˡ
Ĩһ˿ɱ⣬СѾǳ׵ļŭ
ʲôأ
ںһɵʱһԭһı˲Цݿ




2247²ӵ
 

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ҪɵкڵĳǿߣֻҪǿ¹ĻԽЩ˲ָտɴ飡
׵ʵȻɵ۳ڣʶǲٿضѾﵽһֲĲΣ
ټΪ֧ţƿһЩʱ䷨
ϸ΢Ĳٿϣ˵ǹôأ
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Բѣ㶮ʲô𣿡˿ŭɶ˵
һʱ䣬Щˣ




2248ҿԽ̽
 

һﻹŵĹ԰Ȼ˵ܴĻУ
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źͷҲҪһǲôĵҲأ
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ԼߣԺԼɾпڸˣ
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˵ףһΪղŵ黹Щڻ
׿Źˣ˵ԣ֮Ҳϣ֪
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˳λСֵܵ飬òǲ죡ȻλСֵ˵Ҫ̽ңȻҪôˡ

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˿ͺ˺޺޵ĿףһҪ˵Ӷܲ




2249´Ӳм
 

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׿Ź˵˵֪νĿƻʵϾƿĳ̶ȵжôǿѣ
㻹ЩҹĿ࿴ˣ֮Щ𺳣
ʵҩˮ׼ѾǴﵽһߵĲΣֻҩû̫ȤǶԳվ󾫣
νĿƻʵϾһʵḶ́˺ˣǿ϶ʸ࣬򲻹ʼջһЩʡ֮ǰ˵⼸˻ԣΪĲʼˣıǳĵͣ
׿Ź΢΢һЦʵԶһ㣬Ѱ֮˸ǳԲģ
˿̣˵֮Ѿ¶֮ɫ
˵һֱڣ˵ĻʼĿ࿴֮ǰ֮Ѿˡ




2250𾪵Ĺ
 

¥֮ϣ
˵ɫڸղŵֲмȣھȻҲ¶һ˿ֽ֮ɫ
Ϊһ˿Ժ˵ܹص˵ĺ׵ģǾԲɵģ
СѣȻͬ˰
˴˿Ҳ¶һ˿֮ɫҲʼɫ
׵˵ʵҪٽһʱƷҪӵľȷҪĿǰʵǲ̫ˣ˵Ѿˣ
ʵڹִ֮˻쳣ģ
ӵƿʱķĻҲˡ
˵ڿƻһ·ϣѾܹԼõһˣ
С˵ûҵȷ˺ܶİ취⼸ѾҵļˣҪڴоʵ̫̫ˣ
Ҳǳͳ⼸仰ѾԽ׵Ǻˣ
˿̣˵̬ȱ֮֮ǰѾ൱Ĳͬˣ
ҪҲûа취΢΢һЦ
㡭а취
촽һȥʮֵļ
ƿڣҪԼʵҲңңڵ飬Ҳûκεİ취
ԽˣԽһֶѭ֮У
ڵĹ˸оԼһãСһ㣬ûĿͷ
˵Ȼа취ʱ֮࣬Ļǲţ
Լɵۼǿ߶ûа취һа취
ܣ
Բܣ
ǹ֮еĵһӡ󣬿ǿС˵ôƶѲʲôķɣ
Ǹоûϣȴֻһ˿ϣ
ìԼоһ֣
΢΢һЦ˵а취Ȼа취ֻ취⴫ǹɵĿΪЧҵĻҵǿԸ֮
ΪЧң㵽˭
ҲûȫΪԼĳܹɥʧǣ
Ȼղ˵ɣҪһλɵۼǿ߳һλɾǿߣǲܵ飡
ӣҲǶ𰡣
ܸоЩ֣ɾȻԼ̸Цûκεĺ£
˭ΪʲôţȻҪԼЧң
׵˵ɵۣӦղ˵Ļ˵ģɵǿ˵Ļܲأ
ܹҵʵҾЧΣòӦı³
˻ЩˣҪһôܹԼʵģ
˵а취ھͿɵԼѡˣ
׵˵Ҫǹ˵ķģϾɵ۵ԷͬСɣ
Ȼˣײÿһ˶ҪѪǩ͹ϵοЩǿԿƵģ
ˣʵûֱӵͻ
ԣһлƿ֮Уһԣ
ɣӦ֪һ¸µݰɣ
˶ΣһԼʵòĻԼٶԣҲûκεô
һĿԼʵĻҲķڷˣ
׿Ź˵˵˴׻ʳ۾ף
ʲʲô㡭Ǵ׻ʳ۾ף⡭ôܣ㡭ôܾʵأ
׼׵ݵʱһ
ʵ̫˰
׻ʳĵ۾ͳͷҲԲɾʵ
һ㣬ǾλʥԼʵԼȻûп
ֲøղ˼˵˲ҪôţڿԼĲܹôŰ
֮ǰɵ۵ĽƺһѾ߽ˣ
ԼʵֻǴȴҪ£ǰ¶ݷ಻Ҫ鷳
׵Ļ˵Ҳ֮һεĴλɽ½ĳǿߣ
ĭʵʥô˵ʵˣ
Ǻǣɵ۾൱ѣ΢΢һЦ
൱ðɣֲ˵ʥ֮ǰ˵ţһֹŮͺǻֹˣ˻ҪڴʥϵϳԿˣ
Ҳ̾һͷǲ̫Ű
˭֪һԼܹʲôǿأ
΢΢һЦɵۣ֪㿼ǵôˣǹɵ۲ͬ⣬Ǿ͵û˵飬ϣɵޱܣ
ʥа취һβȷʵ
޼Ȼ˵ˣǱУ׳
ĳڴģǴʥа취ܹҹ˵ʵǹĳΪʥϷǧ꣬Υ𣡴ʥϣǧѾҵļˣϾҲǴʥͬĻ
Щ˼Ŀףǧʱһλɵۼǿ˵ǲ̫
ʵ˾ǧҲǺǧķʱ任ȡԼĽҲǲԿģ
ɽ
׵Ҳν飬ǧ֮󣬻һλɵۼǿ߶˵ûôҪˡ




2251׵İ취
 

¥
׿ŹʹķģǷǳˬ죡
ûһĵĻȻҲӦôʹ죡
ʵܹڶʱ˵ĻƵĻʵõķǸһЩʱ䷨Ƭ
ֻǹʱ䷨ƬǿʱƵģϾǹģ
ԣʱǹ˲ԼⷨƬӦҲʧˡ
һڵĺ
ţԼ벻ˣӦ벻Լˣ
ȻʥϴӦǹĳڴлʥˣ
ΪνطǿԵô׵أ
΢΢һЦɵֻۣҪſǣ
ֻҪôͿˣ
˿Щ㵵ʵѲԼʲôøɾܹʵ
ĻҲ̫һЩɣ
Щţ֪׵ʲôķ
׿ŹЦŵȻⲢʲôӵ飡
ȻɻҴңסˣһ֪׵ʲôķˣ
ŵģʵ֮ҲЩˣ
ֻʵ벻ͨ׵ʲôķ
ڴ
˿̵Ĺ˷ǳڴ
ˣ
ڹ˷ſ֮ʣһɫ״Ƭ״ĶѾǳ˹˵ĸǰ
˸֪ǰ֮ԭΪģ
ʶ֪κĴڣ·ƾճ֣ȴһֲ֪
죡
˸о׵ֶʵЩޱȣ
ɽô꣬޷֪֪Ϊ
ٶʣ˿̵ĹҲǲʣֻܹײϵıŸָƣ
أ
ǰɫ״Ѿǵֽ˹˵ĸǰ
üͷһ壬ҪǿеںϣȷҪһЩѶȣ
ùһʱһ˿ʱ䷨ĸ򣬶ҽһ˿˿ĸѣ
ĸ򣬶ڹ˵û̫İ
ҪıǶԹ˻ƿһЩͿˣʵİΣ
ʱ䷨ƬÿʱԵĽ⣡
Ȼ֪Ƭĳж೤ʱ䣬ӦÿԳһʱģ
ֻǽʱ䷨ƬǿеĹ뵽һ֮УǷʱ
֮ǰһλɵۼǿķѵʱ;ȻǸйصĶȷѲĺܰ
֮ǰԼ̫ˣԴ˿׵üͷ΢һɹǿŹˣ
˿̵Ĺ˿һһ糱ˮһϵǿйԼڣʶλʥʵʵѾǳԼ
ԼĪʱʱ䣡
ǽһ˿Ƭǿ˹˵ڣ
һ˿ķƬȴķ׼һҪڷƬѾǴﵽһĲΣôҲ
ˣ˿ҲǴ죡
ƺδԼ̫֮ı仯ƺһ˿˿ĲѰ
⡭ͺˣ
ЩĿףͺƺЩ˼飡
ʱĹԼڻƿܹһ֣
׵Ļλʥϵʵľɲ˰
ʵϣ״ﵽɵۼĲΣҲô
ΪһȫǲĴڣ
˿̣һս֮Լ֮ǰɻʾ۷ĲεĻô´˿Ҳʣ²˼ˣ
ײԼͷϵĺɵۣڿһԡ
˼ĵͷ˿ĸǰһζ𣡣
Σ
һһεĳ˹˵ĸǰǹʣµһΣ
˲δ̫Ŀϧ
ԼĲٿĻһССʲôأ
⿣
˲ϵĽԼĸǰԭɫʱЩҺɫ
һ飬顭
ÿһʵϹ˶޳ʣҪ򻹲̫
һٽ㣬ʱκˣοɾǷˣ
׾ôŹˣ˿̵ĹȴԸоԼʱƺֳһȴһ㡭
ڣ
ĳһ̣˸ǰһƮıΣ
ȻһЩʥϺֶΰ
˳׵˷ˣû뵽ʱĹԼȻһεҵͻƣ
֮ǰǾԲ鰡
׵˵ɵ⼴ɣǵĺҲӦÿʼ˰ɣ
̵ͷˣݼʥϣ
Ȼֻǧ֮ԼɹȴԼĳŵ
΢΢ͷ˽̸֮Ҳǳ¥˹ȥ




2252´۾
 

˿̣
ڹĶ¥˿ͺһֱǶ棡
Ǵʱȥˣ澹ȻһĶûУǸоһķ˼
Ҫ֪ΪɵۼǿߣԸһɾǿ߻Ƿַӵ飿
һȻȥ˴ʱúоЩɻ
һﲻȥƹ˰ɣ
廹ǵһôһУΪһ컹ͦ˵ģ
İѹ嶼ƭȥˣµ
˵˵ҸôᱻһƭȥΪҸСô
˿͸һӲ˵ɫ
嵽ûӣԼʲôˣƾһܹƭ
һԵĺľҲЦŵ磬㻹˵ɵǿôúƭģǺƭҲб²а
ľ㻹Цĳǹ岻ѵǸһҲʰҾ
ƣٶһ˵ᣡ
һССɾȻɻʾǿ߸Ū²̨ܸأ
Χ֮Ҳ˽
ҲǵȴźϷٷԵķǳģһֿɿǵİ֮Ҳȼգ
ľźʲôЦģô˼һɾܹһλɻʾǿ߱ߣɵۼǿ߶棬ѾǺ˲𣿡
ľô˵ҲǵİһﻹЩأ
˿һľô˵ҲЩĸоˡ
һ￴ȥòİȴǺ˻еġ
ɵۼǿߣԼĸף˿ԼҲǸһǰĴݲȣ
忴Ź˿ͺľŭ㡭ǵһߵİ
֨
ں֮δɢȥʱ򣬹˺Ѿ˳
˵ɫһȻ֮ǰѾǴӦף׵ݱҪܣ
ǹѾǳΪ׵ˣΪ˸ױȻҲҪװһԸˣ
״ˣôˣǲһˣ
˿һɫҲǼæǰʵ
һԺܶ˶ǼеĿߣƺҲǺҪ֪
ҹ˵㻰ӽԺǧʱ֮ڣҹ˾ֹӵĳӣ
ۣ
ʱ򣬼˿еľƺһ˳
תʵ̫ˣʵЩܲʵ
ɵǿߣȻΪһɾǿߵĳӣ
ⲻǸЦʲô
循㵵ĿŹˣЩ˼ʵ壬㡭㲻Ƿ˰ɣɵǿߣҲɽĴ֮һȻһﵱǧĳӣ⡭⡭⵽ô°
оԼĶը죬ʵ̫˼ˣ
ǰһȻܹùˣһﵽôģ
״ˣ⡭ⲻܣԲܣҿЦǰɣһǸŮЦģ
˿һҲЩܲʵʵ̫ˣ
Լĸôһأû鰡
΢΢һЦɵԸķ䣬ʵ尡
⡭СӮˣ̫˼˰ɣ
ܣҲţһССɾǿӮһɵۣ
Ҳ̫˰ɾӮɵۣδţδţ
ҵȼʶȻɵ۶ˣ˵˼һˢӵİ
һʱ䣬ҲЩ㱵ĸо
ǾЩ̫ܣֱЦ
ΪЦЦȴģ
Ľʵ˵
ķζըˣЩӣ޲ȥֱȷһ
֪ˣ嶼һĳˣ
ԼֵĻ϶ֹ
ȥľ͹ˡ˿˸кҲǴҴȥ
ѾˣֻһлᣬһҪһÿ
ֻǹ˿һƣ
һԵʦīоϱӣ
ʥϹȻ鴫
һ֣ɵۼǿأǰݵ棿
īʦмѣҵһõĿɽ
һ뵽ߣж쳣˷ܣ
˿΢΢һЦֹӣǲĻһӾסߣ
ã֪ɵۿɷҴһīǺʱع鰡׿ŹЦʵ
īǣֹ£ҲЩƵʵ
ţе飡΢΢ͷ
˿һԵĹ˿Цŵ˿Ϥɾͽ˰
ףҡҲŲ
˿С죬ȥΪĲˬ




2253굤
 

˵̬ת䣬ù˿оһ˿Ĵ㵣
ԭڹ˿Ϊ׾ԲԼ׵Ķ֡
˵ҪָԼĸˣⲻǳ
ԼĸʲôʵԼ
ɾڸոգۼ֤漣ĳ֣Լĸ׾Ȼİˣ
ҴԼ׵̬ȲѿһԼĸӦǰܵķǳĳף
ԼƢô׵Ļһɾڵ˷أ
ֻһﵽǿʲôһģ
ڹ˿Ÿָʣյôģ
ĸѾͬˣԼƢҲ޿κˣѲԼĸԼĸɣ
˿ôôԣ˿һԼŮȻһԵЦŵֹѾͷǱҹ߻ˣ
С㵹ЩƤɰҲǵ˵
һԵī׵ֹӣ֪Ҹʲôʱأ
֪
׿īЩɻʵ֮ǰīʱֻ˵һţ
ڶ˵ֻīǵĻع飬иںʱ
ϾīڻвСĵλģ
ʵյ˵īΪݵĻӦҲлȨģ
ֻϧڵīڸûκεĵλ
ڵī˵Ǳˡ
ţʵҸȥˣȻҲ֪ȥ˭ˣ֪ȥˣī׵
һԵʦֹ֪ڷһ飬ڸ߲ŭ
Ǻǣ˵ľɣ˿һЦŵ
ǸղվںԱߵǸľ
ʦͷ
ΪڵһӣԼоǳĶˣ
ô£׿ʦʵ
ʦֹӣľУ֮
ںڲͣҵ֪һЩôأ֪˵ĻֱӦҲʲô°ɣɻʵ
ǰԭⲢһ£ɻͻһٰ֮굤
ʦףҲǽ֪˵˳
ԭľڼΪ츳ʵ̫ˣҪԼȴҲûа취
Ե˺ľĽ˵֮У
һ֮Уīǻм˲ΪһġĽܡ
īǺͺľ˼൱
ԭΪڳɾʱ˱˺ľȻ֮
һֽڳĸо
ôˣǾȻΪԼľһλţ
ԻĲ
ֻڵĲǸоһֳ˲Ӭһĸо
굤ڼ
ǱľڶĻԺڻкǱ߾أ
һڵˣȻĿưĵӣɸһЦĸо
ľμ굤Ϳ𣿡
ײ֪еԵɣüȻˣֱ޳ʸͿˡ
һԵĹ˿ЦһĻڶǶˣʱ»һСųԲҪġڣȻһڵ⴫ȥЦ𣿡
С˵ĲΪĲúľĻǵʱ»ΪɽЦأ
ʦ΢΢һ̾ڳǰѾûκε·
⵹ҲǣܹΪɽ糬ţǵĵȻҲ޿ɺǵġѲһڵĵǶȲӦǲܵģ
׿ɻʵڵӦòֹЩɣ
һ˵Ļ˵ľ£ľõ츳Ѿǿƿֲˣ˿ЩĿ׵
Ǻǣīǵ츳ӦҲǷǳĲİɣ
֪Լͽ츳ģ츳ȷǷǳĲ
˿ͷֻ˵°ɣľпԸһοľںľ裬֮īǼһҲ˵أ
ǰڵǣľҲν䲻𰡣
ʦ˵ڵı䲻𰡣
ô˵ĻľӮȽϴˣ׷ʵ
˿˵Ǽľ˵ˣһĿǵ˵ԼӦû⡣ľ˵һǷǳĿ׵ģһεĵҾһǷľĪ
лĻ벻Ϊ
ڹ˿֮ʣ׵һûڳѪ




2254²˼
 

һϯǧˣ
˸ŮڵīǵȻ˵ģ
һڲɳڶѣܹΪⲻǸЦ
οΪô׵飿
ĺľǿɻʾĸ֣Ȳһ֮ôֲĹأ
׵һһӶĸо
һµʱȷܹ
ɱ˲ײ
Ҫ֪׿ӵУһ¾൱ڽʮʱ䣡
ڼѾΪɵۼĸ֣һλʵǿ֮Ҳʲô£
οֲʲô֮Ĵ
ī֮壬ܹڵ֮ٿغõĻ츳ܼģ
īһֱ˿ȻҲϣܹһѣ
һԵʦī׵Ļһ㶼Qˡ
̫˼ˣ
һж˵ֱ漣е漣ܷ飡
ֹӣҲ̫Լ˰ɣ
˿ʱʵЩ̲ȥˣ׳
һԵĹ˿Ź˿˿ݵúֹܹŲģ
״ˣ˵ֱ췽ҹ̷ҡʵǿȥˣ
˿оԼ֮ĽûռݹϷ磬һ٩٩̸Ǵ˻ᡣ
ɾȥȫܵ飬ȻǱԼĸ׸ǳˣ
ѲԼĸа˲ɣ
ʵ֮Ҳǲţ׵ȷһ漣˲
˳ߣɽ籾һ漣ĵطֹһİ취ģ
ʵֻ˵Լ̫ţ
ѾΪ׵ˣԼͲӦڸ׳ˡ
ο׵ɽǿ찡
˼أҲ˵鰡
С㣬֮ǰҲΪֹӲ׵Ķ𣿽أֹӣ
ʦʵ֮иһ׵Ļ
׵ʦвԾľпܡ
˿ʦԼĸ׾ħһ㣬Ҳֱŵīܹõ굤Ļҡҡ
ʲô׿Ź˿΢΢һЦʵ
˿ɫһô
ŶС˰ݸһЦ
ޣҲ˵ԼǾӣ
˿ʵ⻰˼ѾǽԼóȥעˣһ֪Ȼ˵ʲôĻһ̫αˣ
һֱ˿Լòһּȵţ
һʼǾһָͨķʽԼע
һڿ֮ǰԼĸ׾ˡ
أԼҲһˣ
Ȼ˵ĻǾ˵Ŷ
׿Ź˿ЦһһԵĹҲ΢΢һ̾ԼЩ˰
ţôأ
˿оעʵ̫ƽˣһʲô鶼ûУԼôⲻԼųԿ
ôأ׿Ź˿Цʵ
ҡһûأ˿һӻǲ֪Ӧô죡
Ҫ֪һڸԼϵĶԴôĻʱԼĸڲ
׵˵ȻС㻹ûãǱˡ뵤һ¶һʱ䲻㿼ǵôˣ
࣡
ī˾Ǳ׻һ㣬оһЩͣ
оһоһ㣬Լζ飬ȻʥϾô׵˵ˡ
ԼȻ˰һµʱϳľīǣֱţ촵˵ָо
޿ܣ
ǵģīǺ޿ܵ飡
ǴʥϾȻôţ˿С˶ģһɽƵĸо
пܣ
ī׼˵ҡҵȻˣ
Ȼˣһµʱͽˣʱɵץù
׿īʦڸˣīҪĳɲţջǿԼа
ҡһֹӵĺīֱӹµ
ôˣûһ̲ڵǰԹ󣬿֪Լû£
ԼûʵȥӮ˵أԼܣ
лˣǲŬĻԼĹԼġ
ɵۣҸطɡ
˵꣬˱ǳһ򼲳۶ȥ




2255¿ֲ츳
 

ڷеΧһһĺۡ
Щڶ۵ĸۡ۸֮Ҳǿɼһߣ
Ѱ֮ҲЩطЩۡ϶ǹһЩڷĿͻ
ˣһۡ˵ʲô¡
״˽֮УȰһרŵ׺ī
ʣµʦɹ˿ͬĵĵȺ׵ˣ
һµʱʵ˵գ֮飬ƺڴ׵ôܹīΪһ֣
ڹ˿׾Ǵţˣ
ڣ
׺īվ֮еʱīһ͵ĿΧ޵Ŀռ䣬гã֮ɫ
Ȼ֪طǸʲôģ
ڵֻһǾǱĵ֮׳
ʥϣҡҶ֪Ӻ
īףҲƵĺܣȻ˵ףԼ޴֣
΢΢һЦһֻѾīؿ֮ϣ
һȵϢ˲īΧӣ
ڣ
һȣīоԼڵѾǱ׸׵ĵ
ϥѸգ
׶īīɳڵˮ׼ѣҪڶʱʵǱҪдΪ
ȱĿҲˣԼȽīʵһ𣡣
īȰѾõģ
״˿̲ǽǽע뵽ī֮УԼһ˿߶īڵ֮
ʱһһĹȥգ֮Ѿһ࣡
߷
°빦飬һ˿˿ʺĻѾǻĸīĸǰ
īԼҲûʶ֮׵Ĵ߶֮½ĸ˳
߷ڵʱԣĻɽ֮޵ڶܹī˶ݵʱһˣ
֮壡
ʵϾܹ֮ʣ֮𲻵壬ҲǿƵҩ
˵֮ɽһBUGĴڣ
⡭ʲô𣿣
īоԼʵϵȻЩ죡
˫۵һɲǣ˶סˣ
ĸоĳǰֳĻԼƺһ˿ĹԼͨԼȻԿ磡
׳˻Ϊ֮ǹ֮ͨ𣬲ϵĲٿɣ
ٿأҡҸоҿԸͨأ
īףҲЩ㱵ʵȻ֪ԼΪʲôһԼ֪Ļ棡
Ŷ츳ʵô̵ʱ֮ھȻܹͨ𣡣
Ҳǲò̾ЩǾǺŽ׵İ
īȥޱȣʵǸĻž޴󱦲ض֪ˣ
ףīһӶпܻڷ֮ˡ
Ȼī˵Լܹ֮ͨ𣬿ҪĲٿ֮ҲҪųڲиŬģ
Ʒʯ
īҪ˵ʱһƷʯѾǸĸǰ
׳
⡭Ʒʯôأ
īһƷʯʵǲܹʵһ㣡
Цŵ˲в㲻ԣȻʵһЩ֮Ʒʯǿڶ֮Ѹٵܹ֮Ϊһ壬ҪľǲϵƷʯɣ
ҡԿ
īûκεĵ֮Լ֪ж
ˣ
īʶԼǰŻ磬Żм䣬̲ſֲϢ
֮𣬱𣡣
ɽ磬ܹʶ֮Ҳ޼Ͼʼܳʱˡ
ػ𣡣
īʶϵĿǰһſƽĻ棡
ĸǰԭƷʯ׵ıһŻסֻƷʯƺûκεı仯
ֻīûиоʲô仯ȴоõƷʯ֮еһ˿ǰںţ
׵ĸǰīڵƺҲǿһЩ
ȻֻǻӣȴоһĿֲ
֮𣬾ȻתΪԼã׸оһս
̫ˣ
ԴӵõеڣΪԼѾǹˡ
һЩˣ֮
ǰī츳ܹڶʱڳΪһλǿˣ
ֲķֲ֣츳
һ̣ƺ͸űһ㣬ڹȻǱﰡ




2256̥ǵī
 

ڣ
ī֪ԼƵŻ澹Ȼ˵Ч
ƷʯʱԼ֮ĿԽԽˣ
֮иоһĲ˼Ϊڶ̶̵ʮʱڣѾ˴ʥϴƷʯ
ī֮һ󼤶ǣԼʵȻѾˮǴߣ
ɳڣ
ڣ
ɺڣ
µĹȻֱӴɳɺڣԼоһĿ࣡
Ҫ֪Լ˼ʱ䣬ԼɳΣ
û뵽̶̵ĹʵѾɺڵ۷壬Ĳƺûκεֹͣ
ײͣīƷʯƷʯֱ̺֮ӽһЩҩʲô˹ȥ
ʲôֱ
ԽԽ죬ԽԽţ
ʱīŵҲһţֻԼΪʲôԼͻȻˡ
ң֮ǰоԼû··оΪѣ
ԴӴʥϲ֪ŪһŻ֮ٶ˲ǰ˼һ㣡
ײδżīƵҩʵ϶īԣƵҩҪĲһѣ
ܹ֮ٿĻ˵°빦Ч
ҪĻ¼Ƶ͵ȼĵҩҲǰһĶˡ
֮Ǽֱ˵ѹͬĶְ
׾ãǰīҪʵʵԽǿƿȻԽߣ
ʱܹԦ߼ҩԽǿ
ھǿʮʱУīܹﵽһôĸ߶ȣ
ȻˣһеǰܹýԴīֻҪīĵҩʯԽ࣬ôʵҲԽ죡
׽ĵҩʯڷīĸǰ˿̵īǼ֮һ㣬ϵǰʯ͵ҩ
ȴԼԼɵ۳ڵľ磬ԴӲȥ֮ûȥӦԼʵ
ͨ⼸ʱ䣬ҲҪһ̵Ḷ́
Ȼʵǿ֪ɽǿҲ֮һ㣬Ƕţëģ
ԭ˿ɵۼǿѾ
ײŷ֣ʵһ֮ɵۼǿ߲ôɽɵǿ߻
ʱţ
һԼ˫۵ʱѾǹȥ˺üʱ䣡
˿̵׿īʱ֮ҲǾ˸
ڣ
ʱ䣬īѾĿԽ㼶ɳֱ˽ɺɾĲΣڣ
Ȼʵںľīǵ˿޷Ტ۵ģ
׾ʵҲī굤֮дˡ
оô
׿ī˿һֱԼ֮޷԰ΣҲЦʵ
īһ׵ҲǻԼǰ֮
ôĲٿأ֮ī˵Ѿޱȣ
εĲٿأī֮𼸺Ϊһĸо
ī׹ʥϣһжʥϴԺʥϡ
֮ҲĿס츳׿ϣԺҲҪúõòУ׳
īȭʥϵ
ںУ굤˵ǺܴΪ㲻ڻҲǱȲϺľīǣ
׵˵ȷʵ
īչһЦʵӮӮνˣʥϣҸоԼǳĿ죬żڸϳǣԺҲǿԸϳǵġ˵ˣȥôˣ굤Ѿǽˡ
ǺǣûʼôܽأЩʱ䣬ҪľǽһЩҩļɣٿ֮ҩһЩҪ㣬ֻҪЩҪ㣬ӮǻлġȻʵһء
׹һЦīĸǰûа취ˡ
īʱԼ׿Ҳֻܹʹɱˣ
ī㵵ʵʥϣɡƺоѾ˺ܶ˰ôһ¶ûй굤Ȼûпʼ⡭Ҳ̫˼˰ɣ
īסˣ
ԭΪ׿ԼȻûдԼôҲû뵽⿴ȥô꣬Ȼһ¶ûй
һ£
ԼȻѾڵʵҲʵ̫һЩ
׵˵ˣЩ鲻ĵ£Ҿ͸㽲һ֮
ī׵Ľ֮УΪīҵӵܣǿҵĿ
ֻϧĳעԼԵ˿鼫ȵļҲǾͶ롭
ܼҸۡ棡
һµʱܿ͹ȥˣ˿ʦ˰ĵȴ׵ˣ
һµʱ䣬׺īʧһ㣬ûκεĶ
˿˸Ҵ׵ˣǳ˵ȴǵȴ
֨
ĵĵȴ˵ʱ򣬷һǴˡ




2257ȦĹ˿
 

˵ĸڣ
˿ʦȴ˽һµʱ䣬ǵ׺īĳ֣
˼ĹԴ˿ڼң
ڼҵĻ¿ȳҲǾˣ
īһŵĴſ˳˿֮Ҳ
ڣ
˿ǰī·ǿ˹һ㣡
Ҫ֪һ֮ǰīɳڵʵȻﵽڣ
˿Լ۾ʵЩǰһУ
ɡڣ⡭ⲻܣԲܣ
˿ɴ۾īϲŵĻ֮ǰֵģ
˿㣬˵ʲôʲôڣ
ʦīҲЩģ
Ҳ֪īʵģɳڵʵѾͣͺóһʱˡ
ȻʦҲ֪ī츳ʵ֮һҪһЩɸ֮Ĳʵ̫̫ˣ
Ҫʱ䣬һµʱ䣬īܴﵽڵˮ׼
ֻʦһԼʶɨīʱȴԼĸоЩˡ
ī⡭һﾹȻﵽڣֱ˰
˿˵ûܹڶ̶̵һ¾ʹɳڴﵽڵĻԺɽ绹ʲôܹó֮
Ȼܹһģ֮ǰīʵһ㣡
ܹﵽڵĻ֮ͬҲǺܲˡ
ɹ˿֮ǰ͸оһֻڵʵ˶ѣ
ܵģ
ʦһҲƶ˵
ĻλʥܹΪˡ
ɽ˭ܹһ֮Խ磿Բܣ
ҡҲ˵ܣҵʶīʵڣ˿һɻãȻ
ôأ㡭Ĵﵽˣ㲻ɳһ°
ʦֵĿīŹ˿ĻЩֱ
īʦ΢΢һЦʦⶼֹӵĹ͡
һ԰ڰֵҵǿҲȻīͻƵģһֻܹ˵츳
⡭츳ɽҾû˵˭ܹһ֮ڿԽһģôأ
˿˿Ҫ׵ͳҪһﵽôģ
΢΢һЦȻһµʱ䣬һЩط黹ϣǱܰɣ֪ʵ˲࣬Ҳû˹ע𣿡
ǰһֱҶΪʵܵͣ϶۸ûʲôʵ
ʦͷ˵ĵǶԵģǰī˭עأ
īʵڵĻ굤Ҳܶġǲֹ֪ܹīΪľúīǵǳص𣿡
˿ƺЩīʵʵҪ굤ǲܵ飡
ڣȷǸһ𺳣
ɱϾҲֻ𾳽ѣľѾǴﵽɻʾʵ
һĴţһɻʾǿߣ
Ǵﲻʵô֮Ϊأ
ī΢΢һЦ˿㣬ģ
ģ֪˵ľ߳һذ˿Ƶ˵
һԵʦҲǵͷȻڶģǱϾ̫죬ô¶֪
īʼմһ˿ŵЦݣʦһ֮˹Ŀ࿴
ˣԼǺ£ɡʦƺҪ˵ЩʲôһԵЦŵֺαس־Լأ
˵Ҳǣ
ʦЩεЦЦٸ֮ǰһᶼûȣڵī˲ǣ
οīʵҪɽĸʾҪܶܶˡ
ټϴʥϵİԺǾҪҪõĶģ
δʲôأ
ǴʥԼ˵Ļīղڣأ
ڵī˹Ŀ࿴˲
˿ʦһȷЩŵֻҪ굤ǲܵ飡
׹һЦ˿С㻹ôŰ֮ǰ˿С˵ˣĶĻôôŶ
ҡˣ
˿ǿ˵ʵһʼûԼ䣡
ɿī˹ͻƣ֮Ҳǳôһ˿˿ΣУ
ǼţкľīĳڵĻīûκεĻģ




2258ڵĵ
 

ڣ
һȵ굤ڽտ
ʵν굤ʵǲǧһЩǣ
ɽ֮У䶼ΪλЩǻʱ쳣ĳãǧ֮ΪҲǲΪģ
ǧ꣬ɽ粻һ˶ѣ
ЩɵۼϹǣҲһһѣ
һε굤ľٰ췽Ȼڣʵȴᡣ
Ҳûʲô̫ìܵĵطڱһġ
ڼеĸ߲㶼ǳڣ˭ɽͷôأ
굤
ܹڣɽǵҲǴ
οһε굤ĽƷҲ쳣ķ
˵һпܵõˮľ
ˮľǿɽǳһרҩҲλǰʮ֮һ
˵Щˣڵĸ߲㶼ǴѾˮľˡ
֮óˮľΪƷʵϾΪһڵĸ߲Ϊ֮ϲ
ԺľīΪ׵Ĵţ貶Ŀ
貵۵ҲǲϧѪóˮľʵôҲΪ˴У
ǿ굤Ĺھ϶ǷĪˡ
ȻҲһЩ˲أ
ڵľţó˺ܶ˶֮ˮľڵĸ߲ôҲû뵽һξȻشıʣ
ľ
ľŮӣȻڵ֮Ů
Ҫ֪ľǿһõ֮һ
Ҳ굤Ķڴţ
ΪľŮݵصĻڻûôߣ
ֻҪڣڶԽܣ
ƫƫڼΪõţŮڵܺ
ڵ´ڣ
īɫЩѿĿˣ굤Ҫʼˡ
ԼīȻˣϵ֮ɫδȥ
һԵĸīī¥ɫҲǲ̫ÿ
īΪһβδ˹£Ǻīҵĵϵ
ʵҲīҵĵϵƿأ˵īҼԴˡ
磬һǲͬľμһε굤ڼֱ̫
īֵܣţ
ԴīΪףʣµĶīī¥һһţ
īƲڵĻ᳤
ֻī¥ԼĴȻְλѾɿúľڵڹˡ
ǰ磬Ҿ˵еĿɾ˰ʱڵĵӿ»һӶ̧ͷģ
ī㿴īƣҲ
ʵǸԼĴ˲ֹһˣֻԼλƺΪ
һҲһ
īЦھȻһڵ𣿾ľĶˣҲʵã˵ľҲ˲Ųǣ
ô˵ʵľһ̵ֵģ⺢ӵʱΪȤ˶ѣ
ī㿴ԼĴ磬ҲǷǳľᣡ
ľǱأԼһϤġ
Ϣܴʵī㣬оǧѪһ
оǣľһֱû˵Լݣ
ȻҲ֪һľ˵Ļˡ
굤֮ڱľݵĻǻڻһЩڹϱϢҿڹģ
ī¥īҲһƣľ̫ˣ㵽Ѿûа취ܹȵӮˣ
һڵĵӣ츳ʵ˾̾
īƳȡľʸǿ϶ûκεĿˣΨһİ취Ӯ
̸װĴţܹľĻҲǼˣǺľһξȻƳƷԪ
ī㿴ԼĴ磬Լоûκεϣˣ
ԼͽԼʵûдﵽԼεĻ¼ƷԪûпܵġ
īԼҲֻǳɹƹμƷԪѰ
֪ԪѶȵжôĴ󣿣
ƷԪ
īһԼүүĻҲǵɴ۾
īһΣҲƷѣ
һ֮УѾһĴˡ
ľʵīܲīǵȷûаӮԼľҲǰѣ
ȻϢоԼǰһڣ
īɫһܣ㡭˵ʲô




2259īƵľ
 

ڵ´
īīϢʱɫ䣡
ƷԪ
һƺʧȥ˷һ㣬Ҫ֪ǿƷԪ
īƵҲ굤Ĺھμ굤ùھƵĵҩҲƷԪ
īΪʲôԼīģ
ΪԼѾǳԽ˵Լʵû뵽ľȻһ̨ף
ƷƷ𿴾һ֮
֮壬ǧ
磬ҡҲǸո֪ģԴӺľع֮ұ㲻ڴˣҲǻصڣϢһǴڲ˵֪ġ
īʵҲǽոյõϢһιʱһεīֹľμ굤
ΪľĲμӵĻôһεĹھûκεˣ
үү⡭ôܣҸľڰǰдһΣǸʱҵʵǲİ⡭ʱ͸һ¥ˣ
īǵɫҲ쳣ĲҰףǰںľع֮ǰã
ľ֮йһд裬ʱ˿˵ǲಮ٣īǲ̶̵İʱľȻͻˣ
ͻҲ˵أŮ޺пǵĸǰϷ츳ȷǿֲĺܣǴ˰
ī¥īҲ΢΢ҡͷڿĸѾǴһһ룬˼ûӮĿˡ
ƷԪ
īƵ˳֣īʵư
ǣʥϿϢīƿīǣɫҲǻһЩʵ
ԼӸոջصţͣĸϹˡ
үүûüԼӵΣ֮ǰīǳȥѰԼݵʦʵҲΪܹԵ̬ѹľ
ֻҪľڣǲڶڣǵҲܹȥ
ȥѰһɻûʦϢ
ī΢΢ҡͷȥ׻ʳף׵ӰӶûп
Ҳ쳣ԼʦڵĻԼʦǿսʤľġ
īǶսʤľѾǲʲôϣˣûҵףеƱ֪ˡ
ǰʥ˵ô棿ī㿴īЩɻʵ
һԵī¥Ҳǲŵ˵үүһûмбأοʥͻȻ𣬾ȻܹԿ۳˵ı£˲Űǰû˵
ɽűÿ꣬һ콾ճҲʲôϡ֮¡ȻҲԴЩɣǼȻΪʦҿӦǷǳοľǸ𣿡
īƵ˵ʵǶʥЩȤˡ
ţȻΪԼӵʦײȻһøУ
ӦǻվߵĲ
īǿԼүүֿ˿˵үү˵ûʥȻƽ棬ֶȴ̾Ϊֹ֮ǰҴļƷɵżλүүӦҲ˰ɣ
ǴʥƣȷѾﵽ˼ˣҵ̾磡īЦҡҡͷ
öƷɵȻֻɽΪͨľɵܹƵȳ̶ȣʵǳĿŰ
īƳϧˣҵԵüԺлģǣ֮ǰ˵ɻԪ䷽ģ
⡭⻹ûмʦ˵ģӦģ
īǿԼүүδɻԪ䷽
ֻһĪ棬ǷԹġ
磬ɻԪȼǴʥȻˣҪĻǼҪʼ굤
ī¥ƺЩƫ⣬һεĽ뵽棡
ī΢΢ҡͷľ鲻ˣѾĶ˹ھҲڼˣܹӮˣǶ˵ǽǸһ¥飡
˴磬һǰһҶ˸ˣī¥ƺʲô
£īƿī¥ʵ
һǰڷзһ飬ִ𻢱˷Ϊ˵裡ī¥
ЩŵƽʱһߺģܵѵҲӦõģڷĸڶ࣬ԺŵҲ۾˶֮أ
īƲûеǰ˵Լ뷨
磬ֻô򵥵ĻҵȻᷳŴˡֻԭֻҪ۸һīȴΪīͷˣīʧˣ
ī¥֮дһ˿ĵ֮ɫ
ʲôʧˣīƵɱƵ֣һôҲزס




2260»Ȼʳ
 

´
īƵɫޱȣôҲû뵽īȻǵƤӵʧˣ
ʵīܹԼӣ
ôôܹµ֮˵Ŀʷ
Ȼƽɵ徭˼εĴսնǲʤ
Ȼ崦ںƽʱڣǺܶеʹ
岻ͨ飬ѾΪ˶½Ǳ
ʵɽʷ֮УϵӲûУкܶ嶼Ѫ
ֻǶǺܾ֮ǰˣڻ˵ö֣֮
īΪ˱ȫԼӣֻܹĽīϳڣڵķУ
ʵīƾڵķУ˭ĵٴ󣬿Ҳøڼֱ棬īǿԱסĲ
īƲûΪīδվǷˣ
īôҵĻţܹŲ
ʳӣ
οīԼĸأ
ֻīҵֵ֮⣬ҲīԼ֪īǵĸҲ֪飡
īĸף֪٣īǵĸǱѺ֮ڣ
磬ʧˣ˵ǸŹ˺Ǹһʧģʱ˿塢ľ˷˳ͻ
ī¥ԼĴʵһʱһֱѰī
īڵرʧһ˭Ҳ֪ټ
ˣʲôѲҲҪΪвɣնɱĻնɱˡѲɵôһ鶼ô㲻Ϊ˶ס֮ڶѣ
īɫ쳣ѿЩһʵ̫һЩ
ԼҪҲֻܹԼϣҪԼһë
үүһֱףڵʵĽڣ˭˵أ
īЩɻʵԼүүô⣡
ٰ԰Լĵܵʵɣ
ЩԼλܵ˶ٵίҲǿеģûа취
үүǲκεʽīҪͬİ·
ΪڵһӣҲΪīƵӣīôܹΥԼүү־أ
⺢ֻ츳ʵһ㣬ЩΡҪ֮ĲЩãһֱ£үүҲΪ밡
īƿīǣʵĿǾںᣬʱΪ֣
ֵܹסɽǵʵʱĵڿһַܹڣ
ںڱ滹ŷίߣī֪֮䲻ڵȴѣ
ɽֺγǣ
һ㱻Ҫԭ򣬻ΪҪ˶Է̬
īںһˣ޲öԷأ翼ǵǣҲӦڰ
Ⱥ˵һҪǣ
īλүүĻȭͷҲǱԼĸ¸졣
ΪڣԼĸҲڻѺ֮УԼĵܵҲ䷻ж۸
ǣһε굤һҪȫԸڵϣɾͼ˰
īƺԸڹἰīǿʼţ
īǵͷүүһ
īƵĿ΢΢һԵī¥¥мָѰڵҲøһ
ǣ磬Ƚ굤Ļ֮ұȥˣ洫ԵĻҾùӦ֪ġ
ī¥֮ǰһֱԸˣڿԼĴ˵Ľ֪Ҳȥˡ
ī⣬ôҲҪ֪˭˵ĵӣ
ţԺˣڵ˭۸ҪһЩѵˣīƵзһ˿â
䵽
īƺīǵǱʱһѾǴ˽
䣡
᳤
īһҲʵȨְ
ߣҾ֪˲ͣ
īһ֣Χ¶ƺ½˼֣
û뵽侹ȻˣڿһΪܹԼһЦȻôһı
ľݶôģúľڣʱڵδ棿
Ҫ֪һε굤ڵķнУ˵ǵɽ˵ھеģ




2261
 

ڴ֮ϣ
ź䵽ϢīƵɫ쳣ѿ
ľͻԼļޣȻƳƷԪϢīҵֵܸоһĿɬ
û뵽ոյ֪ãڵ˾Ȼˣ
ⲻΪ֮Ѳɻɣ
ľǱڣīƿֱһı
˿̣īƵɫܹÿȥأ
ɽ굤ӣûкɰٴػʱǱɽЦ
īƶܹܾԼڹ
ΪںͿһ𣬶ڴ˴ξٰ굤ɲڲеģ½ģ
ȻżǼ˭ܹ֤֮û츳֮أ
ԣһԭΪھ˲ţͬʱҲǴԼŵ
ֻһУΪľݣƺһչˡ
ī
īƵɫѿʱһѾǴ͸ڣ
ˢˢˢ
˲䣬ӰѾǳ˵ΧΪ֮һ־þӸλ֮ˣ
̬֮һֲŭ˸оɲ⣡
˲Ǳˣڵ䣬վںԱߵڵļλһЩϵ
ľȻУ
վںľԱߵǺͺīi
һҲףƺûе߾ߵĵزɣ
īƵʲãһ̤ռҲΪ֮һ
ʵǿᣡ
ȻҲǸǵģīǿʶҲǵȻһЦīʶʮˣô㽻黹еİɣǿԶײڰ
ҪҲõȵ翪ɣڵҪʺ֮˾ͲܹһЩô
īڲںɳӰ
̾һҲֲҰⲻŮһֱأҲûκεİ취ⲻǰһ֪ЩܳȥȻܵ˵鰡
ߣǿʶ׾ӵʵ˲ݣ
ī㿴źҲһԼ׾ͽܣȻǺͷŮ
˵ȥԼҪѪ˰ɣ
ʦ𣬶Բͽ
ľīһŭݵӣҲЩʹԼͷ­ƺԵúǸ⣡
𣬺شСǺҿղͽܣī˵
ī㣬ܳΪ˵ŮʦӦøеңԱߣһЦһ
䣬ҵģīƷ㵽ף
ī֮ɱƵ֣˿ҲǴһŭ״̬
۸Ҳô۸İɣڿڵĵϣ˾ȻҵԼ֮˵泰ЦԼ
ӺҪ
ɽʱĳͻΪӵԭ
ܶΪӣһԲϾͶ֣ҲǷǳ飡
£
俴ź˶ʼҲŭһ
ˣǡ˻ЩĿźƵ˵
䲻ˣī΢΢һЦīʵһֱźľڣҪ֪ľ츳ǶһһŲ𣿱ڻָľܹΪڷأû뵽ȴϲ
ߣֺα߼ٿأ˱ԣҿڵǲǰ˰
ī֪Ǳﲻʲôƨģ
һһֱһƺҲˣڿȥôӦ˿İɣ
īƣڶһٿȴԱڳԲѷ浱ڲɣ俴īƣһƺˡ
īƵ˵䣬ʶô꣬ʲôأ֪ľǱ츳׿أ
ҲûʲôھϣŮ굤϶ӣôˣһڵܹڵĵ϶ԭڵǲ֪һʲôζ
Ļīҵֵһ˲ɫǱˣ
үү
ľƺЩⲻȥʵֻҪڶѣ͵֮
ֻ֪һƺѾǲˣ
䣬ʲôܹΪɽ̳һҺΣҪڵЦ㻹䣡
īЩɪɪŬĿԼ
ˣƾԲ䰡
īһУ֪ǲİ
俪ڵһ̣һɫޱ䣡




2262ºĲ
 


ǼƷ֮һҲϹɽǿ
ʵһ壬ģǶ߶Ի߶ԶĶ
˵ӵһĳɹϡ
ĸʣЩΪ˸ӵķˣ
ʱͻȻᵽѾ˾֮·˽֪ˣ
ɽ磬ǳĳ
ʵҲһı
⾻ǰλĳΪҪǡǡھ֮ϣ
ʵಮ٣ֵҲǼͬ
䣬ʲô
īƻδ˵һԵīѾǼˣ
ĪҪ鲻ɣڴµǿһεĹھƷˮľҲᲢۣ
Բ޵ķʸ
΢΢һЦڸղſīôţ˾Ща
䣬ڻ㲻ɣ
īƺͺ䶷ô꣬˭Ҳ˭ӵʱ˭Ҳ
ΪīƵ̬һҶ֪ǿӵĿӣīȴΪӲò
ڡڣ
ΪӸɳĴѾǲˣЩʱܹ˵ģ
īȻһҿһڵʢһССĲͷΣˣ͵ʲôҲû˵
俴īƣ֮ȴ޾ĳ֮ɫ
ֳǡô
磬ǧҪ嶯ī¥ĿԼĴ磬֪ԼԸԺʱԲġ
ǰ磬˾롭īҲǻ˵һ㲻˵ˡ
ھȻһССĶעҽӣүүҿǻ߰ɣǰһ˵ڸڲ࣬ڿһΰ
˵֮˱ǺӣҲϲһӺīi
ڳĻȻҲܹһϵó
īi츳壬ǲľ
ƫƫϲӣΪֶθԼɣ
īiôô˵أ˼īû˵ӦǲӦأ£
俴ȥ֮ȴԺīiһ֮⣡
ļû˸ʱ˵һΨԼܹ˵ĳ
ͼӴףֻīʧȥǣӵҲǰԼﵽĿˣ

һֱǴѾãһľһ©úľȻļڣ
ĿľҪԼŮ츳ѹڣǵʱԼŮܹѹȺ۵ĻʱԴﵽԼĿˡ
ԭһʼԼŮ϶ǿԴӱ
ûľ츳ĻҪֲ
굤˼һӾͻڵѾǽ˼ϣ
ڶˣⲻϵõһЩôѣ
ԼľӪôõļƻ˸ϵʵݣȻǲģ
굤ڼӣҪī²̨
ôĵӶ⿴ţīƴӦҲôӦӦҲôӦˡ
īƴ˿ɫ쳣ѿ֪ͻȻ־ԲֻǺѣԭһǿԼ
ǿǸԼİ֮ҲԼΪֵû֮һ
ں侹ȻҪⶫעܺ
ߣ䣬֪ôķī˵
򵥣ī֮ʥīҵһܹսʤҼľĻǱ䣡΢΢һЦ
һʵϾīҪѰ˵Ļˣ
ϾͷŲ
ǺľʵҲұ֤ԼľܹùھľǾѾûκεĶˡ
ãڴӦ㣬أī
˿Ѿǲһīī¥ķȰ裬֪ЩʱûˣڵӾԲܶ
Ǵ˵ĻĲӦ
ڼϲòЩѾݲȥ˼ˡ
עӦҲ˰ɣ䵭˵
᲻úӣܹ׵סأ
ΪҲǽԼΪİľ˳
һʱ䣬ڴ֮ϵѾǷǳĳˣ˭Ҳû뵽һεĸˣ




2263µʼ
 

ڷУɽ˺
һȵ굤һ̼ܶ˶ĿԴ
Ϊһбǰ굤һβһҶһҲǲ˽
Ůľǧ꣡
֮ǰ¶Լݣ˿̵ĺľѾǳΪڵĳţ
һžžΪΪһε굤̫̫಻ȷأ
֮˶ڵλŶ
Ѿúܶ˲סڴһ굤ĵˣ
Ⱥ֮УһɫվȺ֮еҲԵжôͻأ
Ͼڳʵ̫̫ˣǴŶ֮Ҳ˭ȥһŶ֮أ
īʦһԵĹ˿վڷеΧԵЩ겻
ī˿̵鲻ܹüˣ
᳤˵
һϹӵϢ˵ĸǰīƵӰĳ˵ĸǰ
֮һֵͬģ䣡
ָָܶ㣬ǲΪʲôڵڵȻͬʱ֣
īĮûеǰϲ죡
һԵĺ俴ȥǳĲΪĿѾǴﵽˣ
ԼŮ㹻ģԼŮƳɹƷԪ֮Ϊ˷ˣ
ƺˮľڱصã
һܹõĻǶ˵ǰٳ߸ͷһˡ
굤ʼ
īûκ굤һû̫Ĵ
֮ڣֻҪ˭ܹƳһŵҩԽˣǱǹھ
ûκιƵıʵͼ˵ϣΪ˶ģ
ʵǺľĻھһڲ֮ˣ
˵Ľ㣬¾󵽵ڵܹڣڵĺľܹˣ
ʽʼ
κûдﵽ֮˶Բμһε굤κˣ
ֻ˶ǹѣ
ϾǼɽԻǱȽϵŵģԴ˶ѡһ;£淢չ
ҲΪʲôܶ˽㼯֮ϵһԭ
ôȥˣڵ굤ûң
һκľΪ⣬ʵ˵ҲǴ߳˲
ֻΪľݵ⣬˽Ŀ㣡
Ⱥ֮УĿ⼸ǼǰĺľһԵīϣ
ԭھǷǳĳڼеĹ⻷˵ϣ
ȻĴţ˵ᣬᣡ
ǺľѹȺۣīǼһ
˶ĿԴ
ҩҩģ
īʼһ̣ľīǼҲͬǶ
ΪǽҪƵĵҩһԪ
ͬĵҩŸбȽԣ
ȫעӣ˵ĿⶼǽĶǵϣ
һߣ
ֹӣҡʲôʱϰ
īԭΪ굤һʼ׾ͻԼϣû뵽ⶼʼԼվһԣ
׵˵ʱ䣬ֻҪʱԣżʲô
죿ʦҵԪƷʱȷ㹻ˣǡ
īʵͣлһɱֵ
ԪĿǰܹƳõĵҩҿ˵ϰٱˣ
ڵī˵Ǳ۾ܹɣ
ȵȽɣīӮˣȥҲû̫壡Цŵ
ʵīӮ˵Ļīȥֻǽѣ
īˣʱīȥǲĶа
ī㻹ΪӮľõʵ֪ģûǲҪȥΪãʡĵʱ򡭡
˿īֻҪīӮ׿ɾ͵Լˡ
īȥҲδػӮ
˿ԼӦòһ˰ɣ
ҡҸоҿӮīɫͺĿŹ˿
˷ˣһǲ㶺˰˿ûĿīĲ֪һﵽŰ
ֻǵһЦű
ֻǾʱ򣬸̨֮϶ŵīƺͺ伸ͬʱվԶ
ʣ
ͻıɫ˲
ɱǿϢ˲ΧӿΪ֮˿ȥǰʮ㣬ƺκ˷еģ
³ףôˣ
ˣīƺͺ䳯ŶԷ࿴һۣƺܵ˶Էһ˿ŵϢ




2264۳һ
 

³ף
ɽ糬֮һ
۳һʵǴﵽɵڵļ
ֻںڣǶһ׼Ǳǲɽκвȣ
ҶһȻ˽֪ΨһܹйͬĿ¾ˣ
굤ݱ
˿˵Ľȴ³׵ϣ
۳ȷǸ굤һӰ
޺⣡
īƺͺ乲ͬ뷨ֻһ³ǳģһԵЩװ
³׵Աߣ׺Ȼһ³ף
λ۳ة࿴ȥһ޶ֻ³ײ֪Ϸ۳Ķӵף˿̾ߣ
³³࡭
īƲδ뿪Լλվ³׺³׵ķ򹰹֡
ʱ
³׺³Ѿվ˸̨֮ϣ˿ǰīƺͺ伸ͬʱ΢΢һЦ粻ɣڽջְ
ھ굤֪³³ͻȻݵΪǡ
īƵϼһ˿Цݣ鷳λҲǷǳĲˬ
Ȼڲ۳Ҳò۳ӣ
Ʊǿ
˭ֻԸõһأ
ڲ룬ȻҲ룬ɽȻҲЩ
ڵŹȻǲͬ찡Ȼ˵ĻǱȿ˵ɣڱеĿģ˵ɣ
³ƺżī΢΢һЦ
īƳ³ĪǻΪһε飿ڵ̬ѾǷǳˣ޿ܣ
īֺαôľ½أ˴αǰǴʥϵױţѲīͺͲȤ𣿡
³ƺδκεһԵīƺͺ΢΢һЦ
俴³΢΢һЦ۾ױűȻǸȤɾǲ֪Ϊ£
ԭҪī̸֮ڸ̸ģλȻڵĻǱҲͿżɽˣ
³ԭ˵˲˵ƺҲǽ뵽棡
ǵ̸ƺԵ÷ǳΣҪ֪
׵ʶΪǿһһ漸˵ĶԻҲĸȤ
³˵޷
ƺ֪Ϊ£Ҳ΢΢һЦȥԸ³ף
³׿һһԵ³ף³ǰһЦŵ۳Ͷ٣ɱΪɣ
³룡䵭˵ƺ쵽һ˿ͬ
ǺµĻīƾԲ̬ȣڿԲô򵥵飡
³΢΢һЦ֮ǰ۳Ѿī̸£۳ϣΪ۳ṩһЩսʣԱʱ֮裡
ŶսʣⲢʲô£
ںڲȻ⣬˭أ
ṩսֲʲô£ֻҪ㹻ʯȻҪĲ
֪ɸȤ³Цʵ
Ȼڳ⣬ȻԸ⣡Цŵ
ҪЩ󣡡³׼
۳Ҫд˰ҲЦŷʵ
һԵ³΢΢ҡͷֻԱʱ֮ѣɽ˳۳ֺսأֻһЩС̫۳У
ṩʲ£⻹Ĳʲô£ṩںأ
³ЦŵȻ˵ĻұǺӦˣ
⡭
ܸоЩԣīƻδڣ϶è壡
Ȼ
īƿ³׳ֻṩʣȻ⣬³³಻۳ֻ̫Ϊ۳ҵȾ޴Ӧ֮ܣ
ʲôֻΪ۳񣿣
ҲסˣⲻǱҪںڸ̲
ֻʱģҲǳõĲ𣿡³׵˵
ʱҲУ
īһΪ۳ߣԺлͷ·
Ҳ۳ôģˡڲܴӦ
³׵˵Ҳһ·ߣһлǵȵ굤˵ɣȿЩǵαֵģ˵һε굤ű֪λҲСһ£
īƺͺ伸ͬʱһ㶣³׺«浽ʲôҩأ
ʱһһĹȥ˿̺ľīǱ߶ѾǵΪؼĽ׶Σ
ֻ³׵˵ĵƺһεĴһӰ




2265¾о
 

֣
īƺͺ伸ͬʱܵһ۳ѹ
˵۳߹ǾԲʲô£
Ȼ۳û˵Ҫǿôôںĵ۳ĻʱҲûʲôùӳԣ
۳Ϊ˴һֱǿΪ
֮ǰֻɳة³׳һǲɳة³ףɳ۳һ³ף
˵ʲô
˵۳ڴ¾Բưոݵģ
Ҳ˵ħ׻Ǻ䣬Ƕ֪Ϊʲô۳˵ǿƣ
Ϊ۳ִʱû뵽³׻һתȻ˵ҪʲôС飿
ʲôöĵģⲻǿЦ
³νСָǡ
īƺͺ伸ͬʱ³׵ķ˹ȥ
³΢΢һЦ۳һǹƽǿøλΪ۳Ҳᶯһλܷģ
³Ȼô˵ˣҵȻԸţ۳Ҳ
īƵĻڵ
ڵ˵ڵ˵Ҫ۳Ŀƣ
۳ǿж䣬ʱںڿ»ĲǵĶ֣
̵ܹģǾɽ֮ڣ
۳˺ƤĻʱǵ㻹˼Щ
ʦ
ֻҪǴһʲôɵĻںڿ¾ͻ֮ˣ
Ĵ۳֮۳ΪףƽѾЩˣ
֪ǣ۳һֱڶ۳ս죡
ī˵ﻰ۳һֱкദǶںڸֺ֮֮һ˵أ
³ƺоԼЩίһһ֮䣬ķǳзִ磡
ǲ֪³ô˵ΪⰡ
ҲЩֲˣھٰ굤۳ôأ
Ȼںڵ˶в굤۳ⵤΪעΣ
³׵һЦƺǳţ
ԭڵǿһ۳˾Ȼ˵ҪԵΪע˿ˣ
īڵЩȷĿ³ɻʵ³˵ҪⵤΪעĪǿЦ
ǰ֪³ôķҲƵʵ
ʵϺԼŮľñεĹھ־ڱصõġ
³׵ͻȻ֣һЩɻ
λǲΪ۳ǾͶһⵤ˭³Цŵ
ĵ˭īסˡ
ⵤ޷Ǻľī֮ǻûп
˵ǵǺľīǣ
Ϊǣһľ֣Ǿ;Ĺ⡣
ôҲû뵽굤ʱȴһĻ
ںΪ۳Ч;ĹƺԵòôҪˡ
īҺͺؼҸǧȴóīҺͺؼ֮⣬Ҳʵڣ³΢΢һЦ
Ŷ³˼ǲīһǺؼҶڣī΢΢һЦʵ
ôԼûİɣźŮҲ츳һ굤ھѡŴҶȤɣ
³׹һЦƺһжƿ֮һ㣡
īƺͺ仹ǲа֪³Ķעʲô
עǳļ򵥣ǱӮˣΪ۳ǧΣǱˣǱԺԲ߶ţ
³ƺڸףīƺͺȴã˵ֱһ۳ĺûᰡ
īƿ˺ľ֮⣬˭ܹвڣ
ôĻôʲôأ
棿
īƺͺ伸ͬʱʵ
ȻҲƣԼŮʮ㣡
ֻ֪³ô˵ԲǿѨ磬ļʲôҲ˵ء
Ƕں˵ԼŮԾеţ±
Ȼ棡³׵һЦ
ǺãӦˣīƳһԵĺҲǵͷҲӦˣ
īƿ³׳ʵ֪³Ϊ˭أ

³׵Ŀе˵һ֣һīƵɫһεıˣ
³ףһЩ˵ˣ




2266֮壬
 


֮ͬˣĴ֮һ
ֻ³û뵽ǣȻ۳ˣ
һʱ䣬оԼЩˣ
֮ǰī㻹Լ̴ˣһ̣īƸоԼҲ죡
ǿԼͽܰ
ôҲû뵽ԼͽܣȻ۳֮ˣ
۳ľӪôãȻԼŰһλ˵
ֲ֮ǰ۳˹Լ磬ڿǲǶϤڵıԼ벶ȸں
ԭīһֱΪľһ굤в
ڿںľīǱˣȻǵ
㡭˵ʲô
īӺ¡һƺʵ
ڿɺð³΢΢һЦʵ
㡭ӣīһҲڵ
ôˣӶı飬ǵһ޴Ĵ
ôˣû뵽ȻΪѣ
лģǿ¶ǽܲһʵ
ʵǲܣҲýܣ
ôûи˵ǵĹϵ⵹Ǳû뵽ģ
³ʱ˹ԣһȵӣ֪ΪĲ֪飡
³Ȼֶΰ
īƳ˽ַǳĸߣ츳ľԼīȣǲôһ˿˿
ԭȻ۳ˣ³ⲽǲֺ
ΪһȻһӿ³׵ļƻ
ֻԼҲû뵽۳ȻԼ뷨һģһԼȥˣ
˴˱˴ˣα˵أ㲻Ҳô𣿡
³׵ȻһЦƤʱԵô޹ؽҪˡ
˵ܺĪˣĴţһ˲Լˣ
Ĵī˵ֱģ
īƵ˵³ֺαظ˵̫أȷ츳Ҫ˵츳ǿ˼֮УҲֻܹŵѣ
īƺ̫˽Ⱑ
³΢΢һЦ֮ĽȻڸ̨֮ϡ
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ȻҪӮһεĹھεĿ¾ǵҪһεĹھˣ
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һβڸŵù˳ҲǽԼһѣ
ֻ˵ʳˣ۳ȻǾƣһʯԼȥˡ
Ը꣡
īǿˣƺоԼڵĵһ֪ˣ
ľ֪ҲͰˣɵͬһ֪
³׾Ȼ˵ԼԼͽܲ˽⣬Ƶĺܣ
ĺҪ֪һֱԼĵӳ֮⣬ʲô֪飿
³׹һЦīʦ𵱵Ŀɲְ֮壬ѲīȻûмչʾ֮𣿡
֮壿⡭ⲻܣ
īһĲһûˤڵأ֮壬ǿǼΪһʰ
Ƕ°빦ģ
Ϊ̫֮⣬һʳʶ쳣ǿǱ¶
ҪǷǳѵģϾʲһʣ
û֮ǰҪ֪˵ʾϼѵ飡
Ȼ֮壿
ҲǱ³׵һŪûƢ
츳ǿһ£˼̫̫࣬Щ޷ǿģ
֮壬츳ǿֻҪ˾֮Ļǿ츳ҲһЦѣ
ǺľīҲӵŲ̫ʣҪȻͬ£Ӯ˵
Ҳ쳣̣ôû˷ʣ
³׵˵ˣ˵ıҲ˵ˣȻλӦ˱Ǳ֮ȴҲ޷ֻ굤һгŵʱˣ
ʧǣ
һīǺ䣬ϵı鶼ǳȻ֮ɫ
ƭˣ˸׵ƭˣ
ԭīֻΪƭԼڿֵ˾Ȼ۳
һʱ䣬оЩĻˣ
ʱһһĹȥƺ˶ڴһԼĽ




2267ԭα¶
 

֮𣡣
˵Ŀһμڳ֮ڣںľīǵ󣬵ƺԵЩǹ
ɺľīƺԼһ˿Ϣ
֮ĳ֣Χ˲һӱЩ޹
ǿƵǳ
֮һ¶Ŀô貣ôĶĿ
֮īƺͺ伸ͬʱɴӣ˵֮дһ˿޾ʧ䣡
һοڽˣ
£
ľīҲ㶵Ŀź󷽣˿̵īǾȻʾһ˿֮ɫ
ΪڵˣʱͻȻɻһ޴Ĵ
īǻ֪ڸ̨֮ϷһУ¶һ˿ЦľӦǾ仰Ʊж񱨰
û뵽㾹Ȼʵ
ľҲɫ΢죬һֱҪӵһõıҩ
һԭǿܲμ굤ģô꣬ľûи飿
Ǻľ֪ԼүүģټһóˮľΪھĽЩĶ
ȻܶԼֹˣǾȥɣ
Ǻľ֮еʵдգǶûи飬վڵˣ
ںѾˮݵĵزΪ֮ˣûκѡأ
ֻԭΪԼսʤīǰ϶飬ȴôҲû뵽龹Ȼᷢչһز
īǵ󣬵ȻQ˳
ƣ
ʵ֮
ߣôҵĶ֣ҵôʱ䣬ڿ˸ǰνˣ
бŷһ˿ȵĻ棬źľīǵһ˿Ϸʣ
īЩüĿŵʲô˼ʦͬš
īǣܾˣľˣںܶǰ֪ˡֻΪ۳Ժܶûи˵׶ѣ常ںھ͵ŵùɣ
Ȼ֪³׵ļƻһѾû˿Σ
㡭˵ʲô㡭㾹Ȼ۳ˣ
ľī˴۵С۵ĿŶԷ漴һεĿ˵һﾹȻ۳
ǸоԼѾЩ̫ˣһô۳أ
˵ʵúľоƵǣȻ˵Լ֪Լˡ
˵Ϊھûǵڵ겼ڣΪľǽգǵǲ֪۳ֽ죬ΪںΪ۳常˸λĶעѾ˰ɣ

īһתѾǽǰȥˣ
ټ֮ǰһʱ۳ةͻȻãΪ۳ڿһжѾƺõɣ
īǣһε굤֮ھͻΪ۳ūţʲôʸҸô˵
ƺīǷǳһһ䶼īǣ
ľīǳҪ˭˭Ӯһأ
ľľҲ֮壬츳ȷǿ󣡿ǿ츳֮ǰʲôأǾ͵۳ūŰɣ
źľһεĸֳһĨЦݣ
㡭
ľŵҪŭ˿ѾĹؼʱ̣֪ʱûӮϣˣ
֮壡
ôҲû뵽һ̾Ȼʣ
ȻҲ飬֪ڲΣڿҲˣ
ڣڣ
żҲŵ飬ڲ۳Բģ
֪ԼӮīӮȴһܹӮ
Щ鲢Կܵģ
䣡
ںľ˼֮ʣīǱѾǵˣ
ƷԪ
īǵҲӿֳһĨʧ֮飬֪һλԼûϣӮľˣҲûϣӮˣ
ڵڸϣľܹӮ
ȣĳΪ۳ūţǲĿأ
īǵ֮ûжãֱһը
ɵҩζһҲɢ˿
ľ͵ĵҩһ̼ͬʱƳɹ
һ˲䣡
˵ĿȫǱ˹֮ǰЩѾƳɹʧܵˣһеĿͷƺ⼸˵ˣ




2268¾ī
 

飡
ը죬Ĩһ˿Цݣ
Ƿǳģʱ˵Ŀⶼϣ
ҲƷԪ
ľһֻҪƷԪôлġ
һֱӼƷԪĻôһԿѾǳˣ
ͬΪƷԪҲвģ
ʵϣÿһŵҩһеı׼׼ǵҩĹЧ
Ȼˣÿһŵҩб׼ǲһģ
ԪΪͻ𾳽ĵҩб׼ȻͻƸʵˡ
ͬΪƷʵͻƵĸʻģ
ֻҪͻƵĸûгٷ֮ʮĻֻͣƷԪΣ
һʱȥ
˵Ľˣ굤Ȼʱʱ䣬ƴʱ䲢ô
ʱֻøгԵĻѣ
ಣ
ŵĵҩɣ³סīơ˼ͬʱ굤ֳ
һʱ䣬ǵΧѾÿһԲ˵ҿ
Щ˭ҲϣЩǿǲ
ѾǱ̭˰
³΢΢һЦĶŵɫ
īƵɫѿ˼㣬ԼʵֵѾǷǳˡ
ôأǱֵٺã˵ǰѾμˣ
īһԲ³׵ȿ˵ɣ³δؾܹӮ𣿡
īƵϸֳһ˿ЦھȻϣԭһֱҪĺľϣ
ⲻò˵һּķ̣
˿ҲΪĽţı³Ӯ˵Ļôڵ¾Ҫһˣ
Ϊ۳Чǧ꣬ⲻɽڳΪ۳ū
ʳ
һĸоĲֵȻΪѣ
ָоʵ̫ˣ
ѾˣīƶӦ³ףھҪڵĻ۳Ӧˡ
ȷ
˸ûбǸʲôֻһľֶѣ
ˣǲĻ澡ʧˡ
ԣڵĺֻܹϣԼŮܹһ
ҪܹӮ˵ĻôӮң³ŵʱȻһĻŵĸо
īڵͬʱҲĻ᳤ĲöӦܹķڷİɣͺľ֮䵽˭ʤ˭īӦûһΪƽĴ𰸵ģ
³ô˵ʵҲΪ˷ֹī׶ѣ
³׳常ˣһѾӮˣľȻҶƳƷԪƷԪɫԲң
Ȼô˵ɱϾٰ£Ҫʦö԰꣡
³ɫ¶һ˿ʤı飬ôˣļƻѾǳɹˣ
ֻҪһ굤ĹھôںھܹУ
ʱ۳νռɽԴѪоͿշ۳Ҳ˵أ
˵Ļô۳ɺͼΰҵĵһ
³붼һļ
ȻڻŬĿԼϵĹâѾԽԽʢˣ
īƵɫ䣬ʵҲ֪ľˣ
ǴⵤҩĳɫѾһˡ
˵ǵĻ򻹲һЩĻƳƷҩ֣
֮壡
Ȼ͵ʣԺľ츳Ȼ֮ϣ
ƷԪȷõģ
һȻ
ī˵仰ʱ˶оһйƤĸо
·þԼе
һԵĺͺľīƣҲ˵
ΧķУһƬž֮
Ȼǲ֪׷ʲô飬Ǹղŵһ常ˣѾԭ͵굤һصɴ
۸ӣ
ȹϵ˿ҲҲ֪˭˭һˣ
³¶һ˿ȻЦݵīӦÿ˰ɣ
ûеʱأ˵𣿵ڲȶѣյĽûгأ
īЩ˵֮Ѿд˾ɫ
һԵĺҲһʧ䣬ˣһ˷۱
ûõҲˣڶȥˣ
ǸһεĻĻ´Ҳôˡ
ʲôҩأ
ߣīƣõĻǱɾͲˣѾˣУѲīһ˲ɣУҲñʶʶ

³һ̣¶Լ
ֻǾīƼҪ˵һ̣Ⱥ֮Ѿ߳һ꣡
˿ʱҲѾָָˣ




2269Ըһ
 

ڷУ
˵Ŀˢˢľۼ۳ĵһ³׵ϣ
˵³׵ɳΪ굤Ľ㡣
۳ôͻȻУ
һǺܶ˶Ҫ֪飬īƺϵı鶼ʮصӣܶ˶ɻ󲻶ϣ
Ϊʲôԭܹ󳬼˵أ
ο³׵˵вںڵĻںھȻЩ
һЩ׽͸澿ʲô
ֻǾ˿ǰһĻʱȴһӰ˳
īһʲô
ǰ۳ƺͣӦʲôɸ˵ܣСʱ߳ʲô
һ˲ģѲΪ׳󲻳ɣ
˭֪أǻȿϷ˵ɣǳźͳ۳֮飬ƺҲûʲôϵɣ
һ˿īͻȻ֮Ⱥ֮˳۷׷ף
˿īһŵ˳ܶ˶ΪһʱʵЩʱˣ
Ǻˣ
³׿һ˳ɫЩѿ
ڸոգԼīǷºݻ˵˸ҳսľͳԣ
û뵽⻰δ䣬Ϳһһ˳
һԵǱţ뵽һīѲһҲīҵˣ
īһʱڵȷֵķз
³ôȥעأīһɳڵСӶѣ³׿˵û˿Ĺϵ
Ȼ˵³˵һϵµҰ֣
֪˵׽ʲô֪۵ѹ֮±뿪ڣ
īĳǰ˹һԵīƺī˿īҲڵ
ǲ֪ʱīΪʲô߳
ī
һԵĺ俴īҲסˣ
һʱʲôȻīƵӣѾǱϳڣ
īû飬£
īƵ̬֮Դһ˿˿Ľ֮ɫԼ֮ǰ˵ʧ٣û뵽Ȼʱˣ
ֵֻʱƺЩԣ۳ڽŵʱ
ǵʱ³һˬֱӶնɱԼӵĻīƶܹΪԼӱˣ
ڽҲģ֪Լʵ滹Ǻعڵġ
īƺ굤Ӱɣ涨κ˶Բμ굤ɣ
īδīүүֱӺī
Щˣ
īԼӵĻ΢΢һȷȷκ˶ԲμӣһεĵѾˣ
ˣ˵𣿽ŵڶɣ
ī˵ʵ֮Ҳ쳣˷ܣ
һԵĺ䳰˵īѾţһϵҰ֣Ҳʸ
ǵʱ򣬺仹īǶ
һ￴Ѿǰں޵ˣ
īЦһīٻīҵȻڲīһûн
³һԿīƳīļ±ûȤҲ룡ȻǶľѶӮ˺ľīǣͺҲʱǵĳŵ˰ɣ
³ڸղѾ˵ˣ굤죬ھʱأ
īƳһһ죡
ֻһ죬ܹһЩȫ֮ߣ
³׹һЦ쵱ɽλӢ۵棬һ顭
˵꣬³׾ͽ֮ǰīƺͺĶľ˵˳
һʱڰǰս֮˶һƬȻ֮ɫ
ôҲû뵽ɽ󳬼۳Ȼ˵Ķľ֣
ǧ꣡
ĳĻôԺںɽҲûˣ
νķʵ˭óǱǸ˵ūͶѣ
ֻūͲ˵֣ȥȽϵ˽ܶѣ
³׵˵ĻʵΪ˲ںڻᣡ
īǿɳϣ
³װֶǰīƺͺһͱ˵ӣ
ȻˣīƱԸķ䣡
ī΢΢һ̾ʵڿǿޱȣѾΣ֮У
ûκΰ취
īƽʾܹ֭뵽İ취ͳͳ뵽ˣ
ջû뵽κһ취ܹڵΣ
һԵĺɫҲǱ쳣ĽҲǲܹܵġ
֪³׷ǲʱ˵ġ
ǵʱĴ۳Ļôڻ۳ıϢȻʮֵĲԸĽ
˭˵һӮأԸһԡ
īһţȻ俪ڵ




2270īˣ
 

һϯǧˣ
īһڵ
˭
ǿӵ֮ĳţһڵ֣
ǲڵĻǶûˣ
ľīǶ£˭棿
Ҫ֪ľīɽһʦУǿɶǵĴڣ
һҰ֣Ȼ˵Ҫһԣ
ֻǲμ굤ںܶν飡
Ͼ˭Ȩμ굤
һ˵Ҫһԣ˵ʲôⲻ˵һҪ
һɳڵļһȻ˵ҪڣⲻЦ飿
ī˵ʲô
³׵ɫһһףû뵽һﾹȻԼ˵ҪսԼĲµӣ
ڶ³˵е鱨ھԲбȺľīǿ֮ˣ
ҲΪʲô³ͻȻ굤ֳԭ
ҪԼĲֵöӣںھͷ
û뵽ⶼѾɹˣȻڰ·ɱһҧ
ŭ֮£³ƺʱпܶնɱǰλȥ֪ߵغ꣡
У˱ǹʺʺ磡
ˣҲսսӵ֮ţ
ⲻЦ
³׿һǷˣ
˵ʵڳˣ֮ⶼпΪīǷˣ
³ղ˵֮Ķľ֣ľһ涨ƺֱ˱Ҫڲаɣ
ī˵³ף
ڸղţʥԼǳһļ֪أ
ҲԼĵǳܶ಻Ҫ鷳Ҳ˵Լĵǡ
ֻ˵һ䣬ֻҪڳûܹ۸ī
˿̵īȻһֽƫִΣξԴԼǿʵͼ
ԣ³׵ʱ򣬸֪ʲô£
ҲΪԵʣúܶ˶һ￪ʼ࿴ˣ
Ǳʱޣÿһ˶ҪսĻǱ²ܹںڶֳŵСӣ㣬£ɵʲô鶼ûз
³Լ뷨ôīƵӣ
Ұ֣˵׻īƵӲ
ʵղŴīƵĻоͿԿĳīƱ϶īмһˣʵϷǳĹעİΣ
ղԼвīһ̣Ըܵī֮һ˿ǿĲ
ҪֵףīĲںӣ
ôʱԼҪԼأ
ԣ³ڵ˵ʵϾǸ֪ߵغСӻ˵īһ̨£
īƿīīûУ
ī㲻ӣһīҵһӣΪ۳Ժīкεڵأ
īīƣƽһζԼүү˵ôǿӲ
ǿת䣡
һīƿīжǴһ˿˿ʣ
īƸоȵǣԼӲ֪ʲôʱѾȻɱΪڵǿߣ
Ҫ֪֮ǰһֱΪīɳڣСӦǵõʲô
ɾǿʵڣ
ĵʲôʵǿɻʾڰ֮ǿһϵĲ࣡
Ȳεֲأ
ԣī֪īΪڳ뷨ҪʧҴŭ³׵Ļǵòʧˣ
鵽زѾīԸıˣ
³Цһǲ˰ȷҪս
ī³ѲҿǿЦ𣿡
һԵĵɫīһ⣬ҲҸǰΣǲǸ˰
ǲ˵ģһ㣬ڣҪӦ㲻ң
īʲãѾվˣǼ˭˭
ӵʵ͵īоһδйˬ
˵ĸоܵ˻ŵ壡
㡭úúãҽ쵹ҪһôӮҵģҳ˵ǰ棬ˣɵùҵĸǰү
µ裡
֪˵Ҫɱīʣ
ķʽɱһ˻Ҫܡ
Ҫ֪ڿڴ֮ͥ°
һ̣ĿⶼǶīϣǱһͿذڵĶ涼ûˣ
ãˣǱҵĸǰ˵
â
īҪֹīĻͲһ˵˳
һʱ䣬ڷըˡ




2271Ƶī
 

߳
ŷеļһƺ˲ȼ
һһˣһ̾ȻվҪΪڳͷˣ
ⲻò˵һּķ̣
īǣܵǲǷ˰
ľīǵ˴˿Ѿ˵һԣľīҲһĲ죡
īȻʶģ
һǰĹԼĸȥԷʱ򻹼˸Ǹļһһ飡
ֻδǸһȴָǸһ˶÷
ľԱվŵڵīiĸ壡
īiԭҲΪ˿Ϸģ
īһֱԸֻΪ۳ǿƽ룬⼸ƺվһ
Ҳվһѣ
īǿźľҲʲô
ߣīڳҰ֣û뵽һﾹȻеսƺѾ˰
īiīǣǷһ˿Ц
һԵĺҲǵͷʵ˿ˣȥҿ͵ʴףʱ¶Ҫ˰
˵ûīöҲˣڿڻҪλӢ۵ڶһ˰
īiƺûиīǻ˵һĵ˼
ںѾʷΣ˻ǻãϣ
ī˵ڶ˲˸ƺûжĹϵɣǹܺԼˣô֪أ
ޣīǣҪԼҲҸʲô˳īһ۶ˣȻϣϣҿ˰
īi˵ţѾ̶ˣ
ʵ˭ϣܹ۳ľ֡
۳ľӪôʱ䣬һλ֮ĳڻȸں
ԣīi֪һڻһԵڿ¶ܹˣ
忴īǳīܳʱˣ֮ǰһǸСҵҪ˭
磬ԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬǾͲҪ˰ںһϵƣܲܲҪڶȥ˰ı۳һ򾡵Ļʱŵδ氡
ľЩ׳յĿźīiͺ壬Ǹ㲻ʱǾȻ߻೰
ǳԱ˳ŵģ
īЦһľͲҪ߼ʵˣΪĻֺھ˵ıأ
ԼлֱˣҿҲ㱾ˣȺĻôᱻ˿أأҿǸˣ
һīǾȻìͷָԼãҲ̵
īŭĿԲźҲɪɪ
һʱ侹ȻЩȷ£ȴƫƫԼǿĻڣ⻹ʲô˵أ
һԵĺīiź壬֮ǰ˵иһҲţǸīģ
ţڹʱ򣬲Ǽһҽ쵹ûпǿĻҶĲǸһ
ɨһȦվûз׵Ӱӣ
ʵҪףǲܵ飡
׵Ŀһֱ³׺³׵ϣпȥһأ
ˣһֵĻʱֱɱ˱ǣҸڽаˣֻ·һ
īi˵ʱڰף
һԵīЦԺĳɴţҿǺʣڽаֻ·һ³׾վǱߣ㵹ȥ
īǣ
īiīǵһ仰һ
һԵĺˣھȿīҵվ۳ǰ˴үİɣڲһֱţ𣿽ҵҪǻţʲôţ
˵ĲڴīڵĸǰүӰ
īiͺһһͣ˿ȥʮֵĬ
Ըڣһµ뷨
ϣīǻЩƵµӣ
ߣ侮ʯȴֺõСˣҿҲͺľŶ̲ˣ黹˵Ц
īһ˵ٴȺˣ
ھø⼸׳˵̫Ѿˣ
˿̣īǰīһƣ
ʵǸ㲻ԼŰ۵ĵܵΪʲôʱ˵ķ
Ҫս
īҲǿЦһ˵īԼҲû
а취ĻǴ˿̻վط
īǺͺīi˷ͻʱ³һ̤īƺͺ˵Ȼīҵ˲Ǳһ쿴һﵽʲôսҵӣţ
¡³վһԹ
³׳³࣬īīƱ𱰣ˣɱ֮
һʱ䣬ŷɱڣ
˭Կó³׵һ˿صŭ




2272ҾԪ
 

ɱȻ
г³׵ıŭīʱƣս³׵Ȩ
Ȼںʵǿᣬ۳ĸǰʲôأ
۳˵ںڲ½һӶѣ
³׵ļƻɹˣʱһļһӸ棬³ܲŭ
Ϊλ۳ĵһǸƢ˵ĻľǴشˣ
ɱ֮
֣ԭոһӰ
Ȼīڱ˿ûʲô𣬿ɽ۳̬ȱԿó³׵쳣ǿƣ
Ҫ֪ԭ˽ΪںԶĴ۳ţЩ۳Ƕмѣ
أһƺһչ
۳̬˵ɽƺڳŲܵķչ
ʼɣ
³ײīƵ˵Ѿǳī
̬ȸǿޱȣƺ˭ҪԱҪһ㣡
īƿһī̾һǺοأ
īȨīīҵ֮ɣ
īʵ쳣ʧԼĸĸ׶ڣʵҪľǾȳԼĸĸ
֮ڣȴڼΪΪѣ
ŵīĸ׺ĸףǱǵЩν֮ʿڸܵУ
ⲢϣģӴܹīĸĸĻڰͲźأ
īԸ⿴ԼĶӺͶϱܵ˵Ĵ
Ǻܶ飬ֻܹȴܹ˵
īǲҲģ
ݣ
īδ֮ʣһڴѾǺبīĸǰ

īһҲǺĵ˳
ߣīǴȻóˣΪһܹѹȺ𣿼ֱЦ
³ҲסˣʵҲ֪īƵ飡
۳ѹƣں˭ҲԼ
³׿˵ɽһûʵӮ˵
³׶ڵһֽäĿţõǰֻڵļһ
һԵĺĬ֮мΪľᣡ
һ棬ϣīӮΪֻҪīӮˣ۳Ķľֱƽˣ
һ棬īӮ˵ĻԼľҲͳΪڵˡ
īӮ䣬ʵң
ȻˣʵϣīӮϾ۳ūͣԸڲκεǣƣ
Ҫʲôҩϱ׼
īƸ³ףʱ򣬷ǿȷˡ
īӮˣʱ³׾ͲҲˣ
޿ܣ
һīƵȻ׵ĺܣȻҲ֪īӮ
ܾЩԾīʵͻȻǣоһͬʱȴȼһ˿˿ϣ
ī˵ȻλƵԪҾԪɡ
ʲôԪԪһԵīī¥ͬʱе
ƺû˹涨˭һҪ߲ɣīʼ
һ̣Ѿǵȴ˺ܾˣ
лīҵ˶ԼĿ࿴ܲ
ȷīƵ΢΢Щʵ
īܹԪĻǾеŰ
Ҫ֪ǵͺľԪҲǴﵽɻʾܹ֮Ƶģ
ΪԪڻİѿغ;ȵҪǷǳߵģ
ڣûо׼ĿƣǲԪġ
ϻôʲôīȻӷҪƣǱƺˡڻǡԻ
³ɫīҲǸоһ֣
һʼնǴһ˿˷ܵ飬ûκεĺ֮ɫ
ôҲ벻һＸˣţ
ľּȻѾ³Ҳ֪ǲīĻī߶ȥͲ̸Χ֮ˣ
īȻ۳ôż䣬Ǳ㿪ʼɣ
ī³ףҲ˷ʱ䣡
ߣ֪Ľձļգ³ЦһʱīѾǳշȥ
ˣ
Ѿ˰֮УһīӰҲǳ֮ϣ
ಣ
Ѿ׼õһζһζҩֱӳ˹ȥ
һ˲䣬âʢ
һǿɢ
һ̣īǰҲǸֳһĨʺĻ棬˸оϢ




2273¿ֲ²
 

ŷУ
һָָ㣬Ǿīǹ׳ˣ
һСھȻҪս굤׼ھ
ֲ۳ЩˣǺҪںڸ׳Ƴû뵽ʱȻһҪսǣ
Ǹ֣ǻһЩ
ǰʲôˣһڶ뱣ĵϵҲϵֶѣ
ԭڱоͰһͷûκεĵλ
أ
һﵱô˵棬ԴҪսôõһţⲻ
īȻǲ浽ʲôΣ˵ҪľӮһεĹھ
˵֮ǰīֻΪüĻڵ縺һʥϽԼʹ
ǾǱһ
ΪԼóʥƺԸ⿴ں۳ˣ
īһˣȻʵǿɽ粻˵ָƣȴҲ֪ٵġ
׻ʳ۳۳κεӣʥôϣ۳ǿأ
ˣ
ʺĻڿлڿնһȿֲѹѾǻ˿
ֻ֪īʹõĵʲôĻ棡
ĴУټҲǼʶĻ֮¾Լ֪
֮壬һʣ
ʼ˵Ǿһ㣬ο֮岢û̫Ե
ûܹõīʲôʣ
ʵ³׺īˣһ֪֮Ĵڣ
Ҳֻ˵֮壬֮嵽ʲôӣǻû
׸֮ĻǾͻ뵽īʹõ֮ˣ
⡭һù찡
俴Զīд޾
ԣѾϲˣ֮ǰνīûһ츳ִŴ˿̺оڷųһ㣡
磬ƺǵ𰡣˹ˡīҲЩɻʵ
īҲĨһ˿ɫīʹõȷ֮ǰͬɫ̫һֻǱڻʲôԾĵط
īƣҰֿӣȻʲô·֪
Щ֮ԱǵЦţʵҲҪüõһﵽʲô
īЦһߣǱڵӣôûκεĹϵӽ쿪ʼīڵˣ˭ڿսڷ㵽ף
ʮ㣡
īһ׿ԼĹǣʮְ˵
ƺҪ˵ЩʲôҰҰ֮󣬻ѡ˱տڣ
ʵںԣڵϣīܹǴһ˿˿ľϲ
ԼԼľܺùֱӱ۳հɣ
ֻҲ֪ϣǳã˵ûУ
ڿīʹȼһ˿ϣ
³׺³Ҳǻһۣƺԭɳڵ嶼һ˿˿Ľ֮ɫ
ţ
ȷѼ˵Ļô³׿ѪҪһˣ
ôãеĽ֮鶼ЩԱˣ
£һ￴ȥЩͬʲôɣ³ҲǽŵĿ³ף
³Ǳǽ챾Ͳƽڣ
£ɵ˼аʥϽָ½һھǲҲܴʥϵļƻǵĵһĿǶ۳
³׵ѹļͣһ˼˵
³ôҲû뵽³֮ĶԻȴڳ֮еһ
ˣ۳Ժ˵³ΪСܷ̲ɣ³һεİѻ棡
³ҡҡͷ£˵ʵлûеסСӿȥĪʲôͷɣ棬ƺıż濴
ȷ
³׿³׳ʵҲǴһ˿˿Ľ֮飡
ȷʵɫʺƺֿԣһֺѰ𣬿²һĨ죬ʵЩ롭
³׵ɫҲЩ仯ûãɫһ䣬ƺҲ΢΢һ
³׿³ףһ˿仯³ˣ
£ҡֻǲ²⣬⡭һпǴ˵е֮壬п֮𣡣
³׵һ̷˾޴ı仯֮Ա




2274֮ļֵ
 

֮壿
³׵ɫһףһС
ɽһСȴܶ˶˶ߣ
׵ҲǸֳһĨЦЦû뵽³ʵôȻ֪֮壡
֪һﾹȻܹ²ĳһ
Ȼһ￴ȥ̫ȷ²ĻǷǳ׼ȷ
֮壿
³׵ɫһ䣬ʶѿڶʵ
һ˵ҪһԵīƺͺǿɶɻʾ۷ǿߣȻǵʵ³ף
ôأڳκη紵ݶǼָƵģ
ټ³׸ղŽܵϢ֮Ҳѿڶûа취ˣ
³˵֮ƺЩˣ
ϾҲֻǵĲ²ѣǳ־ԼĻǿɲԸ⿴ģ
常ʲʲô֮尡
ԭԼӮһɶûУҪ֪Ǵ֮е֮ӣ
֮壬ǿ˵һʣ
һֱԼǳģֻǸղԼ常³֮Ľ̸֮Ҳһ
֮壿
û˵ڵļûĸֵĴڣ
ֻ֮⼸ֵʱ򣬾ȻʶΪʻԼţһЩ
ָо޷ȥ˵֣Ѿ˸оڲͬˣ
֮壬Ǵ˵Ϊļ֮һҲֻ³Ĳ²ѡҿСӦò֮壡
³׵ɫ˿ѾǺѿˣȻڻڰοŵԼƺѾûԭôĳˣ
֮壡
ʵ˸оһҧгݰֲһôţб
˭˵һǸģ
վ³׾Լ϶Ǵһ˵
³һԶŵ֮ǼΪĴڣ֮ǰҲˣⲢΣ֮Ǳ̬Щ˷񰡣˵Ҳǲ²ѣ
³࣬⡭ôţҲˣ
³һߣ֮Σ۳֮Ǳ۳һ¡³࣬ڵһ뷨ˡ
£˼ǲҪڶȡī
³һӱ³׵˼ǿ֮尡
۳ĵõλ֮δǿߵĻأ
κεշĻ˱
һǿߵ壬˭ܹ׵
֮壬ǿɼͬڲ֮ټ֮ǼΪֲԣھں֮֮ȡĻô³׾ԼҲǻѡ֮壡
ʵǿ
³΢΢һЦ̫֮ǿīˣһȻǺðˡһﱾīƵӣһ߾ˡӮˣҾֱ
ºüıһʵӮ˿ĻǼȷ֮ˣʱҶǲ
³׵ҲЦˣ֮ǰƺһһɨգ
֮ĳ֣³׳׵ķ֮ǰļƻڵĿںֱתΪīˣ
桭ô𣿡
ǸƽⰡǧֻΪ񳯵һٳ
ɵԼû뵽ۿ굤ĵžҪ鵽ԼĻˣ
·ϾȻɱһҧ𣬶츳ԼĶ࣡
һ뵽ղŸīĶעϾһƬ
Լ常Ըʵ̫˽ˣֻҪ飬ûܹı䣡
ֻǵ֪īı²˹ȥĻʱӳ̶ȿ»ҪԼ֮ϰ
ŵ˵һ֮Եֵһڣһˣ֮嵽˺ڲʵǿô򵥣Ҳ͵ʲôطȥģڣȻԪأ
³׿ŵЩʧǵӣҲ֪еʲô
ȴܲôˣһûܹĻʱʥϹǿɵˣ
Ҫܹīλп֮ļһߵĻôԽˣ
áðɣһǺð
ЩĽҲЩʵ˵֪Լûа취ıԼ常ˣ
³׺³׵ʶһԵīƺͺѲɾͲʶ
Ȼˣ
֮壬ǿɶ켶Ĵڰ
īƺͺ伸ͬʱ۾ˣǿīӣ˵Ƕ˺ܾõͻȻһȺĸо




2275˵ĺ
 

ī˿Ԫ
ʵֵҩī˵ûʲôѶȣԭѾܹƳƷԪˣ
ϾʵޣܹƳƷԪѾǷǳˣ
ڣõļӳ֣Ե
վǸҪĺƿīڵ̶ȣҲҪٰʱ䣡
ʱһһĹȥˣ
īδܵκγصĸţڵ˵ܹҩƳɹҪģ
ģǶ֮ˣ
ֻ֪ƵҩĹУΧѾǳ׵ըˣ
֮壡
۳˴˼𶯣ҪֱӴߣīƵ˼ѣ
īɫͺӣһԵĺиԵЩĽʺް
ǿ֮尡īƵϱӻʲô°Ȼܹһӣ
īȷ֮Ļ˵ĻѪħΣ
ʱԶҪҪĶ࣡
ɽ磬˵׻ǿΪ
һܹٿԴﵽɵкڵǿߣһʱǵǰǲĶǲ˹أ
īƣ㡭϶ȻҴţװģġ³Ǳ߿Ķڹˣ
񼸺ֱӽīɱöˣ
ԭһֱΪԼ˵ˣǽŷ֣ԼǱ۳˸ˣȻһεıڷɱ
ī֮Ļڿ϶Ǳˣ
ɲΪīƸ֪һǹġ
ֻīһʼҪīǲ뱩¶ڵĵƣ
ɺ޵ǣԼһֱīǵڵδ
īƾȻѾջȳ²ˣ
⡭ⱾҲ֪֮壬³Ҳֻǲ²𣿡īʼ֮Ѿһ˿֮ɫ
ʵ³ײȷīԼҲȷ
һڱֱӳһ㣬ڸоЩ߻صģ
ߣʱȻۣīƣʶݣ
ȻŭȴҲǳĺһ
ҿīһ֣ǲһֵĻǸŵùֱӳΪ۳ūô
ɲ⿴ģ漣ƺҪˣеһƽĸоˣ
ڹȻˬĺܣܱȸ۳ֵǿɣ
أԼûһ
ˣȻҲûа취˵ˣ֮أҲþһܹӮϾʵֻڰ
īҲ΢΢һ̾ʵлǷǳĽŵģ
֮ȷǺöȻˣһȷûȷأ֮һӮ
ͬ£Ӯīǿǲһذ
ЦһīƣϼһҲ˵̫ˣ֮Ҷ֪ʲô·³֪ܲ¶¶Ŀɲʱ򰡣
俴īǼӣҲû˵
ȻһռϷΪĲˬȻīռϷҲǼΪġ
ô꣬ĳӵ֮ˣʱڱѹ˵ǰ϶ˡ
ľΪ츳ߵһ֮Ĳǿɲһǰ㰡
ľ磬ô̸ϸأ
īһĻƤҲǿֹ
˿̣עѾǷīϣ˵ҲӮ˵
ʱ򲻵Ҫ۳īҲҪΪ۳Ŀܣ
ɲīϣ飬ڵ֪īп֮£Եþ͸ӵĳԿˣ
ʱ䣬ƺ˶һƬ֮𽥵Ĺȥ
Ȼ굤һʱ䣬֪ʤ֮ǿīܲܳɹķˣ
īȥЩӰһ
иƨðûʵӮĻҶܶˣ
ղû˵ǵʦֿ֮尡֮ûû˵
ôû˵˵ǳʣֲõʦֱӽźľīǸɷˣ
ǰīҲվӣҪӮ֮壿
£һ˵ȿīϷͣԼǰҲЩ֮Աǣ
ʵī֮ǰ̫һЩʹúܶѹһ
ĻƾīһЩ˿¶˵ˣ
飡
̸Ц֮ʣīǰһҲǱŷȵĹâ
һâ֮У֮ҲǴ
ݣ
һ룬һɫֱӳīƵĸǰ˹ȥ
Ԫһ̶᳤īƵĸǰ




2276¼ƷԪ
 

һҷ˱ǵĵɢ
ԪֳһĨɫǴ̵Щɣ
ɫɫ֮ǰʦƳĵҩƺЩͬ
ǰȥɫҸоӦûеʦֵĺð
û뵽һﾹȻԪ˹Ŀ࿴
īӣ츳ȷǺǿ󣡡
һ䣡
ºܶѾʼīǵ̬ת֮죬±ȷٶȻҪϺܶ࣡
֮ǰһĳڱ֮
Щ˶Դǿߵ̬ȣ˵ʵīݼΪΣ
ҲЩ˶īĳ֮飡
ܹƳԪ˵ʵѾﵽ֮
ڣܹƳԪ֮ˣǾûжٵġ
һ֮УܹƳԪ֮Ҳĸ˶ѣ
ĸǿɶڵ̳ҲǶﰡ
īҲöҩӦī͸λķ˰ɣ
īɫҲǴһ˿˿ļļӳ֣ļҲͣƷԪ֮ˣ
أ
ȻƳ˼ƷԪҲīͷһƳƷԪ
ͻƣīԼҲɫĺܣ
īƵЩ΢΢һЩݺᣡ
ôҲû뵽ԼӾȻ˶ӵ£ȻķʽԼ
֪ī֮вδļǺԼ
ļǺԼĻô˹ؼʱ̿ڵùأ
ѡͦѡվһߣ
һ˲䣡
īƸоԼĶԲԼӣţȻȱ޲Լӣ
ƷԪϷҲֻܹ˰
īۣνǼ߼ߵˣ
һԼ֮ΪӸԼƽƽһϵĹ٣
ȷǼƷԪ
ʱԲܲվīһߣž޴ĳԹվһߣ
˿̵ҲǳĺһīƵĻǼʣ
֮壡
֮ǰǶֻǻɰǿȷˣ
˿ֻ̣Ҫ³׵˵ɫ֪һѾǳΪ˶ˡ
ˣ
һըˣ
˶ĿɿڴĿǰһУƷԪĸԼЦأ
ܣԲܰ
ֻīͺͬʱжϳǼƷԪǻٵ
ʵǲǰһУǵɻʾڵĸ֣֮尡
һεºֱӾͽʦָˣ
ôģ
˿̣˶оһʵ̫ˣ
ʵ벻ͨһ˶ΪǷļһôһҹ֮Ϊ˵أ
ⲻܣ
һߣīiͺīƵĻ֮Ǽͬʱڵ
һԵīǹЦǲ˵ǲ˵ľһܹƳƷԪƺ簡
㡭ǲǣ
īiıӶˣһӱīǸҭ˵ˣ
һԵĺЦһīǣĵë߰Ѿڵһϳȥ˶磬㻹Цó
ôЦˣӮˣǺľɾڵˣ⻹ǲһֵҩ
īô̼һôղһһ㱻⼸˸
ҵһй;ܷŹһأ
ľƺδܵκεĸţҲǴһ˿ʵû뵽īȻܹ˵Լʵȷľַش֮۳ҲΪһƷ
ƷҲǻãīiŭһ
ľһۺīi磬īǿ¶Ϊ۳ūˣֻͲ˵ˣ
ľīīiҲΪĲ
ҵǶǸֹЩȤˣī֮ǰֻһ֮ˣλֹ֮ƺһжòһˣ˵˭أ
ľΧ˿гڴ
ľ֪ǣ˿̵׺͹˿վǵĲԶ
ֻһԵĹ˿һĳ֮ɫڻһ仰˵ء
һԵʦƺҲòȥīȻվīĸǰʦоһĻȻ
īӮˣ۳ӴԺմȾںڰ֣
³׵ϴһ˿Цôˬ죬ȴһԵ³һľ֣
³׿ī֪һѾǶ˼ˣ




2277³࣬㻹ǰ
 

չޱߣ
ī˿̱վˣƺĻ̥һ㣡
īƺûκκµӣ
ڵī˵վһȫʮˣ
У·ܵһ㣡
³׵ĻīûзУȻӮˣԼѾɹˡ
³ҪҲĻǽ¾ͲܹӦԵˡ
¹Ȼ˵㻰
īҲû̫İķУ֪׸۳֮Ĺϵ
ʥϲδīӦǴʥϲҪ۳ֱӷͻ
³ֻǳīһۣ¶һ˿ײЦ
һԵ³Щᣬֻ³׻δڣīƺЩĵĿŵ¼Ȼ˵㻰ǲ֪µǷҲأ
ͱˣ
һīƺԵ÷ǳĲ飡
ӮӮˣ۳һƤӵƻ˼ҵļƻȻҪõºԼ
ī˵Ĳģʵڻ˵īƵ˻ű黳ģ
Ȼڶƺ飬ɸղһĻѾǸܵīƶԼ¶
Ȼīû˵ָоǲģ
īƿԼһ֮󲢷񣬶һֱ
ī˵һ飡
³ɫһ䣬īҲ㶣
ԼҸҪ³׶ī֣û뵽īȻˣ
ʵϣ³Ҳ֪췢ܿɽ
Ҫ۳ԵôǿޱȣīӮ֮˵ͱˣⲻøһֵĻ
֮˲ںڣī
֮壡
ֻ֪ѣ˲֪
ʱֻΪ۳Ϊץī
£ȻǶԼǱҪԼŵԲ𣿸ο֮ǰǵƵң˿ҲŹҰɣ
īЦһ˿̵ͬƺԵһǮֵ
Ҳ֪Լˣֻӵı䱾
סڣ
īԭҪϢˣȻ֪֮Ĵڣĵһ뷨Ҫã
Ҫ֪Ҫ˵ˮ׼ڳĻû˸˵Լǿ
ҪǶĻãȻǺô
ǰ֮˻۳ĵһҪһӣҲܸҸ۳ĵһְɣ
ΪĶֿ֣³ûκѡˣ
ʵǿ֮ҲǰīƣʵȻﵽɵ۾磬۳Уʲôأ
۳ļ֮Уֻһλʵɵ۳ڵˮ׼Ķɵڼǿߣ
ǰ³ף۳һҲǽɵ۵ĳ֣
īƴ˿̿ī³˵šͣȻǺˣⲻǸ³ֱӶֵĻ
īֻջ֮ǰĶԼѣǵԾ䲻ĻǾ͵û˵仰
īЩΨ²ҵĿŵгƵζ
˲̣
һʱ䣬ڷмţ
īʵ̫ˣܶ˶Ǿ㵵Ŀī
ʵǿΣ۳УҲһʦ˶ѣ
һŭ۳Ѿʲôùӳ
ôĵӣī
³׳׼ʱһվ˳
³˵ҪľһᣬīԼյˣڲվĻľ̫ˣ
³࣬ڵҲ˵һʵѣīһ³ˣҲ΢΢һ̾վ
īƣûκεĹϵīӮˣǼҲȻϣֻȻµϣǱ
³׿īƣҲǷһ˿â
ī³ǽˣ
īС۳۳ɽô꣬мô޳֮¡նɱ˴ӣǱ۳Сˣģײ£ǱҪץһȥ
³׿ī˵ȴһֱǰī
ƾʲôץң
īҲһ㶣û뵽һﾹȻĿԼϣ
֪һ֪Լ֮󣬿Ȼˣ
ֻƺ֪ôһ£
³ףץǱΪУīҲŭһ
ǻģīҲӲͷƤӭȥ
³׿īƣȻҪץˣû˸˵֡īƣĸҵֿŲűڣ
Ǻǣ³໹ǰ
Ϊ۳ǿѹ֮ʣһգ




2278Ȧ
 

ţ
˿̣ڼͬ飡
ȴ۳ûκεİ취˭۳˵ǿأ
˵һڣںڼҲ񰡣
ܹ۳µĻҲ֮ǰ³ǿĵһĻˣ
Ʊǿ
ںȻڸԵǿĴţʵȴʵǲ
ʵҪǷǳĵ͵ģ
Ǹӿص츳
Ȼɽ磬ʦʦǼΪصְҵǿȨĸǰʲôأ
۳㣬ǿţǲأǱǿһ
ɽӿ۳ôİʦʦأ
Ⱥ֮У
˿ԭҲɫͨ죬һԵʦ˷ܲѣ
˿ˣҲһãȻΪʵǲ֪ΪʲôһСīΪλô̵ʱ˵Ľ
굤Ĺھ
ʵ˷˼ģǲܵȻķˣ
̫ˣ
һĻ˸˵˱ˣ
˿״ĵʱ׼ʱ׵Цأأ
Ҳֻе׿ԼЦˣ
ֻǵ۳ҪīץߵʱҲЩĿף
û뵽ʱȻȥˣһȻ
˿㣬ֹ
ʦһ׳ȥ֮ȻҲǺȥһЩ£
ʵµһ۳ļЩмܲס
˿뷨ʦɾͲһˣΪѹҲ֪׵ݣ
ǲвһŸʲô
˿ҲЩˣȻһֱϣȴŵļһЩˣ
ŮЩʱһ׷һĵˣȴǲϣ
֮вΪ֪һɣҲǺܶమ²Ŀʼ
ҡҲ֪
ʦҪ˵׵ݣҪ֪׵һ¶Ļ½ľ۳Χˡ
֪״˿̳ȥôصסأ
˿ĭɵӣΪ˭һССɾȻҲ۳֮飬ǸӰ
ɾʦһ㶣漴ЩȻʧЦ
˿Щܻĳźľ˵ķȥΪľܹӿĿף
ԭվһԣ˿֮
ʵΣˣ۳ﻹʲôģ
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ڵˣҲûκεĹϵǾǱ߿ˡ
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忴Ź˿Ҳ΢΢һЦŮʵûʲôֿ
˿㣬ǡǸһǲ֮ǰǸֹӣ
ľһ˿ʵΪ۴λǸһ
˿ǸһͷɫңվȺ룬īĸǰ
۳ǰһƺҪȷ׵ݣֻǿף
ľʵ֮ǰһֱѰ׵Ӱ֮ǰ˿Աһ˴źɫĶЩֻ̫ȷѣ
ڿǼһĳȥˣȷǸһ
ΪǸһƺҲûʲôĵӸֱӳȥ۳˶ˡ
˵ɵɵ͵𣿡
˿Щˣڼһ˸
ľ̾һҾ֪û뵽ĵ̫˰
һԵĺһף㶵̤Ьٴȫѹ򰡣û뵽ӸոҪһ鷳һԼȥˣҲãʡҶˣ
ף˵ЩϤ
һԵĺīi˿̽üͷղŵǵƺЩʶһӻЩ벻ˡ
ش磬īǼһˣǸֵĲǸѣɾڵļһ˵ʲôϢ
忴ŲԶףҲЩֹ˿̵һĿģ
ɾڣǺǣϴ˰
īiҲЩεЦЦüͷҲĸһЩ
Ϊƺ뵽һⱲӶоЩ־ˣ
ֻ˶ûע⵽ǵԱߣīǵһĿԶƺЩ΢΢Ĳ
ʦ𣡣
ȻԼʦʵ̫Ϥˣ
Ǻˣ
³׺³ױͻ˸ŪЩȦĸо³ҲǶԴһʶĸо
ֻʵЩ벻ˣ




2279´׵۾
 

Ǻˣ
³׵Ļʵźܶ˵ʣ
ǰһ﾿˭Ȼ˽ŵʱҲǵӴûˣ
˸оһ㵵ǣĻ֮оȻֱӳ³ף
ܹ˵ǵˣ³Ҳһͷˮ
úܶ˶оЩأ˭
ܶ˶ǿǸͷɫҵӣǴ˿̵עѾתƵ˵ϣ
һۣ
һε굤һۣ
ԭľƺ˭ܹΪɾⵤ
ⵤᣬ˴񫣡
ԭΪ۳ܹսʤ֮ʱȴѹô¡
ɾΪī۳Ҫ۳˱ʱȴһ֪Ǹðˣ
ڳ֮УҲֻѾ֪׵ݣ
īʦ֮⣬ֻѾīˣ
ֻīԼû뵽Ѱ˰ʦȻѾվߣҾȻԼĵܵһ
ǱĪⰡ
īǴ˿ǿĵģΪ֪Լʦһܵˡ
뷨ī뷨Щƣ
˵ֵЩͬĸоֻīƺӵһЩѣ
³ļԻǲȻ޶ǵˣ
׵Ƿһ˿Ц˿ͷ֮ϵĺɫѾʧˡ
ȡ֮һݽӣ
㡭㡭Ȼ㣡
³ĿɿڴĿǰ֮ˣ¶һ˿ı飡
һԵ³׿ףЩĿ³ʵ³ʶˣ
ֹʶ
³ЩҧгݵĿףû뵽һȻʱ֣ǹţİ
׵۾
Ϸ۳·ð̫ӵ£Լּնɱ֮ˣһ̾Ȼһεĳˣ
ԩҲͷ仰еĺܰ
Ǻˣ
³׿³ףѾǸܵ³Ũҵɱ֪ǵзˣ
³׳²һֱ˵ҪһǸðҵ۳̫ӵµóԸˣ
³׵Ļ˵Ƿǳĺ³Ѿ֪׵ݣ
׵Ǹ۾ף
³׿³ףҲǷһ˿ζЦݣ
۳̫³۬ص۳֮Ҳ˵飬ֻΪ۳żƻԶڴ׻ʳ־ʱǳˣ
ֻ³ʵЩ㲻һɻʾ֮ôܹɵ۵ѵģ
³׶Ҹ۳ļһҲȤ
ôȥˣƺܶ˶飡
Ǿڽ׳ֵһ̣һеһƺ˺ܶ˵Ļ䣡
û뵽һﻹǻŻ³ײм˵Ϸ۳ûնɱһһźýźֲˣ
Ǻǣȥͦģǲ֪Сܹס۳أ³ҲЦһ
ʥϡ
īףϴһ˿ļ͵ǣ
ĳˣǵôΣأ
Ҫ֪³׵ͷǼΪģʵû˵
׿ȥֻһˣôܹΣأ
׵˵īīҴ׻ʳ֮ˣҲӣϣԺúõһ
㡭Ǵʥϣ
īƴ˿ҲһȦĿףĪ
۳ĸǰôݲȵˣƽǵһμ
׿īƵīʲôȽͬ˵ɺã
һﻹŵĺܰ
³׺³׵ĻҲסˣ
һվѲɻҪӳڲɣֱǿЦ
Ǻǣһ³ûץסᣬҪһӣ
׿³ף͸һӵâ
ɽΣķѾǸ۳ˣ
˵ˣξ۳
ȻûĽ۳߽⣬Կɲ壡
࣬Ǳһӵ飬һѣĪΪһֱôòɣ
³׿ף˿ɱѾǲأ
˵ԴīҪһЩĻôױ۳һҪˣ
ɽ˭˲֪˭˲׵Ϸ۳۳Կ飿
ܶ˶ѾһΪż۳ΪԼĺͼΰҵʱԵĽ׵һߵĻ³׾һѾ֮ˣ
޻Ҫһε³ʵ
һ̤ռΪ֮һ˿̵¶Լ




2280߻ص
 

䣡
һſνɽӣ
ֻһ̤Χ֮˸ܵһĪѹ
³׳ףҲһ𾪣
֮ǰ˵һʵһ㣬񲻹ɻʾڵʵѣ
ڵ³ԵĸоһʵͲʲôɻʾڣ
̶ʮʱ䣬һĽ˵Ŀֲ
ɵ۳ڣ
³׼Զ϶һʵɵ۵ļԭһЦݿֵ³״˿ɫҲǱֱ䣡
ʮӶʮ
һܹ³׵ĸǰվţҪôҪộ
³ʵǸ㲻ףһ̣ôܴԼأ
Ҫ֪³׿ɲ³ɵ۳ڼˣʵɽҲѷְֵ
ȥ⡭һﾹȻǴʥϰڿҵż˰
ҡһΪǴðСأû뵽Ȼǿ߰
Ŵʥʵǿޱߣϲ۰
һˣʥϸ۳Ϸ
˵ʥϾͲһ㱻۳նɱԵĿ۳ĵһҿʥϻ嶯
һȺһȺ鼤׵Ĵ׹
˵ǲ֪׵ݵʱ׵Ļô˭ҿף
ʥϣ
ĸ֣Ǳɽ缸Ĵˣ
ڶԿ۳֮ˣʳλʳĵ۾˭
һߣ
˿ͺľԭΪҲЩƲѣ
ڵ֪׵֮һȺҲĿɿڴ
Ǵף⡭ôأ
˿źľһӱֳ֮ͨԱ
ʥϣҹȻûп˰֮ǰҾ;ô˾ǵ֪֮˴ʥϵҵеȻһЩ
ľף֮Ҳ
ںľ˵һֱײͨˣΪû˻һλɵǿߵǰ˵ĵݣ
ɾ
ɾôţĻôɽͲɽˣ
Ժľһֱ׿϶ʲôͷˣҲû뵽׾ȻǴ׵۾
ȥӱһƭĺòҰ
ԭһֱףһһûʵȴϲװˣ
أһ׵֮˲ͳ׵ķˣ
ȻȻ
īiһ֮ҲЩʧǣ
īi磬ô˰忴źīiҲЩƣ
ʵϵīi͵ףֻǵʱ˼ѹûй˵
׵ЩʱЩأλʥʲôĹԼ鷳
ΪѾǿˣλʥϻһλ첻µزµ
һĻֵ֤ʵԼ뷨
׼ǿļ壬λ׵۾ҲǺ˽ʲôո˵ˣ
ûûʲô
īiҡҡͷź壬ȳǲἰ
˿һ۵Ŀ׵⡭һǻ͸ˣȻϷˣǣһҡһҪʦ
˵˿㣬ĵӿ󰡣ǿǴʥϰľŹ˿ʼ
ôǸƭӣ
˿˿׵ݣЩ˷ܺͼ
ʵѾЩòԾˣܾԼжǶԵġ
ݣ֪һʵȴУ
磬֮ǰ㲻˵˵Ҫֹӱ𣿺ٺ٣
ľ˿̿Լĸ磬ҲЦ
׵ع⣬һεľأ֮ǰЩţ붼Щ۵ĸо
֪ǸƭӰҡһΪǸɾأ˵ѾɾȻܹɵǿߵǰôţһôأ
Ӳɣɵ˰ɣ֮ǰ͸˵СˣľЦŵ
ⲻǲ֪Ҫ֪ǴʥϵĻҳǷˣôȥ
˵ʵҲʵʥǿǸҸ۳Կˣ
֮ǰڵӾͿԿóѹҲҵ۳
һԵĺīi֪ܲӹһأ۳ôõĻҲ߾ˣ
īiһ仰ҲǽŵĿų룡
һǽ̸ʦ˿֮Ҳźܶĺ
Ҫ֪ˣȫ
һ£
˶˳굤ֳǧԶĵط
˿̣
굤̨֮ϣ¯ҲѾǱĸɸɾټĹ㳡ֻ֮׺³ˡ




2281һ
 

ʥVS۳ة࣡
һ˲䣬ֳļ鱻׵ĵȼˣ
ʲô˭Ӯ˭أֻҪкϷڳϷǱ֪ˣ
Ƕ˵ʥϷ۳۳̫ӵĽǱ˽ֵ
һοײĳ棬ǵܲأ
Ǵ׻ʳĵ۾۳նɱ۳ة౻׵۾նɱǿͷʮһ
ԭֻٰ굤ȴݱΪ˵Ƶ֮Ľⲻò˴񫣡
ڣڣ
һ̼˳ʷ̨
īƴ˿Ҳѣʥȷ˵Դʥ֮񹤵ֶԸľ
ڿȷЩСˣ
˿̣ʥϵĳָֽ۳ĿĿΪֹ۳ةԼӣ
ܲж
ʥԼ붼û飬ԿڼΪǿ۳
īʲôʱ׵۾Ϲϵˣ
俴īƣɫҲЩɻֱѯһԵīƣ
īƿһۺڲ֪ôʥΣ
ʢѣԿ۳һССôܹԿ۳أ
һЦΣѾ
īʤú»ع鵽ԭλã
˿̵ĺ֮˵һ㶼мǼٵģôīƵĸǰֳأ
ֻǶͻȻֵĴ˵еĴʥϣҲһãȻѣ
λʥʵǿᣬʵ벻ͨһﵽʲôʸǿ۳أ
ԣѹҲףײһܵļһ˶ѣ
ǺĻ˵ĵ֮Կ۳أ
īƵĻ֮г˷̵ζ
ƾʲô˼أ˼ٻûв
īƣ㲻Ҳһ𣿡ƵĿīƣ
仰ʵǳԼңīͬǲң
ī˵Ȼˣкʸ۴ʥأ
ԵЩţǶ֪ѾǴűī
īھһּȵļ尾
ī˵츳ǰɴʥȴ˵īԼˣӦ֧˭
īƵһӣ۳ȵĻԸִ֧׻ʳ
ΧУ
еĿⶼۼ׺³׵ϣ˵Ĵ˵Ѿ˼ʮʱ䣡
³ȻµǣΪǲϳΪɽһģ
˭˴ʥ⼸ֵʱ򲻲أһоΪ³׶֣
³еıȻǿ֪ˣһεף޲ʳѪ
Ϊֻɱһ³׾ԼеǸĽܹ׵Ĵ򿪣
ף䣬вףǿԿձ㣡
³׿ףнʵϸûκн˼
³Ҳ֪ܹʱͻȻźܶ಻Ϊ֪ԭ
ϣͨһ⿪һЩţ
һʲôɸ˵ܵĻ۳кܴİ
׿³΢΢һ̾㻹нޣ
ҵģȴҪ
³׿ף֮еķŭ׵ĵȼһڿһţ
³׿³ߣССʳ۾ðҵ۳ة࣬³࣬׽ˣ
һ㣡
׿һԵ³ףϴһ˿мЦ
׽Լ
Ϳû£³ҪԼֺγҪһأ
Ϸ۳Ķӣ˵ҲһܺõĻ䣡
һε³ףȻŹˡ
ֻȰ֮һԿųе³ҲǱŭѣǹ˼ӵĻͳȥɱһ
ţʵ̫ˣ
³ƽûм˸ҵô˵˵ҪնɱԼģûУ
һ㣡
һ仰Ѿ˶оõһδ׻ʳ۳ûκλĿˣ
᱾Ҫû컹ô˵³࣬ץ³׵ɫ൱ѿһѾǴڱߵıԵ
˴̼³ף˶Ǿˣ
˶ΪһѾǷˣǷô˷ľٶأ
۳ĵһһﻹǺõ
˿̣ȴѾǶһϽ
һƲĽһ˲䣬ֳһεըˣ




2282³
 

⡭׵۾õʲôⰡϽЦذɣ
ĻΪʥһƷɽɣû뵽ȻǶϽ
ɲզΣһǰƷ
ҿǲǴʥϿ³డҪȻôһϽأ
һʱ䣡
жըˣĳĿ˰
Ҫ֪Լõǿ߶սʾһأ
أһﾹȻһϽʵ˸оһķ˼
Ͻ
ҿȥǳĶۣƺûпһ㣡
㳡
³׿óһϽ֮Ҳסˣ漴ϸӵѿ
裡
оһּȵ裬һﾹȻһ˵ĽԼսⲻʲôأ
ݣ
ȭӰ磡
һ˲䣬㳡Ŀռ֮г³׵ȭͷ
ȭӰһ׳ֵķ򣬰³ȵȭӰһŵڵһ㣡
磡
䣡
׵ĸǰ֮ը죬ڵըһ㣡
ֻǵΪһαɵʱȴ׵ӰѾʧ³׵ĸǰ
³࿴ЩһĽҲûа
³֮ʣ׵Ѿը³׵Ķԣ

³ͫһоһɾǿѹԼͷ֮ѹ
ˣ
һʱ䣬һƬҰ֮ɫ³׵ϿգһѾն
նʽʽֻһ
ԭ׻ҪһԸŷұʦѪĺʽһϵȷǼ˷ѣ
һֺĽѾǳ˵ĸǰǵĻ䣡
˶оȽǿ󣡣
ֻһһնֻأ
֮бĽ·ն޾գǶΧ۵³Ҳ֮дһ˿˿֮ɫ
ֻ³ײδ־³ףΪڻûıҪ
Ȼ⽣ȷǺǿ󣬿³ӦܹӦ
ټõоǳһ㣬³׶϶⽣Ӧòô
ֻ³һǾҪˣ
³׵ͷоЩһϢƽԼ
Ҫ֪Լɵ۳۷ǿߣܹԼĸоˣӦɵڵǿ߰
³һֱΪһʵҲǸոտɵ۳ڶѣ
ôҲû뵽ǰһƺ֮ԼҪǿ
ôܣ
³ͷֹ˿Ѿϸˣ
أ
³ɲ֮ѾóԼļƷɽ֪ԼҪʹԼ̵ֵܹסǰ͵һˣ
һĽѾײһ𣡣

һ̶Ľײ뵽˵ĶУһ׵ȴ¶һ˿ȻЦݣ
Ϊ³ѾǵֵסһʱȴȻķ³еǼƷɽȻˣ
ǽδֹͣ˳ǼƷɽѵķ϶һε³ף
ǿ˹
һ̼˶ǵһⱲҲûмҵһ
Ʒһ̾Ȼˣʵ̫ˣ
ã
³ɫһ䣬ΪƺѾǷһЩͬ
նɱ³ࣿ
³ôҲû뵽׾Ȼ˵Ĵ󵨣նɱ۳ة࣡
ԭ³ΪһûԼˣ
ʹԼ̫۳ˣ
ݣ
ǵ˳ڵķֱɱ³׵ƤԼƺЩܶˣ
֮һĽΪ޷ĵһƷ
֮
˿ײŷ֣ɵۼ֮ͬȼָǰֱһBUGĴڰ
֮һ³˲䱻񣬼ֻ֮һ룬ȴ׵ĳΪ׵Ľˣ
³׿Ҳû뵽ԼȻڼʮǰһնɱ
¡¡
е޷洩͸³׵壬һ˲ǲ˵һ㣬ֱըѣ
һѪȵζΧ˸ǰӿЩС֮˶Ѿǳ׵ıԼ۾
۳һة³ףһ̳׳Ϊ˹ȥʽ
ܶ˶ĿɿڴĿǰһУʵǲǰʵ
һغϣһλɵ۳ڼǿ߾Ѿˣ
ʵϣ³ײôĻҲô죡
³׾ײĶ֣һʼûκηĴȽˡ
ڼ³׶е޷潣ûеķǶ׵ʵûһ㹻֪һб㱻׸ɱˣ
һ׼㣬һǴУ
ټ˱ʵ㹻Ĳ࣬γһɱ𺳣
³ɵ䣡
һ̣˲һƬţһ̶֪ôǰһУ




2283¾
 

һƬţ
ֻһĨƵĺ
˿̣еĿһεļʼٸߵϣǿ׵ѾǱˣ
ʵɽΨһ׷
ʥӲ۳ʵܶ˶Щ˼飡
һЩΪ֪Ҷˣֻ۳ûڳʰѣ
뷨ʵ۳뷨ıϣΪǾһССĻʳֵǴ󶯸ɸ꣡
ο׻ʳڶ۳ĹϽ֮ڣ
ֱ˴׻ʳ𶫷۳۳ս
۳ȷҪ̲۳ǵļƻȴˣ
ǲΪһССĻʳƻȫ̵ļƻ
Ǿڽ죬ڣ
ʥǿնɱ۳ة࣬ⲻ˵ǹȻս
û뵽ǣ׵ĳǽһʯƾ죬һбɱ߳Ƶ³ףúܶ˶о˼飡
ʥϹȻײаҶûп
ûһûпأ³ɵ۳ڵǿ߰
ɽֶһλɱ񰡣ʥܹԿ۳Ȼǳصģ
ԭһΪҥԣҳ׵ˣʥϹȻһˣ
ҵȿǼ֤߰Ž֮ʥϵ㳹ɽˣ
һ̼һߵ֧ף
֧ǿߣǺܶ˵̬
ολ½Ĵ׻ʳĵ۾ǿ۳
ǺεȵӢţ
³һɪɪôҲû뵽³׾ȻһУ
У
һ³׵ĳӶҪˣһ˾Ȼնɱ³࣡
޿ˡ
³׵Χ¶˲½˼֣ȻʱûκεĶ
һߣ
īƺͺ˵ԱѾǾۼīǵˣղīǵ˻ΪҪ³Ҫһ춯صĴս
ǶīƺͺҪλɵۼǿߵۣ
ֻǵīǺͺľй˿˸ոطʱȴһѾǽˣ
ɱ
˶û뵽飬Ҳ붼飡
⡭ˣ
Ҳʿˮ˿īƣ֮дһĨ֮ɫ
һԵīҲסˣʵ֮ϣܹɱķġ
ֿԲ֪Ϊʲôλʥϻ˵ĳ嶯֪Ϊʲôˣ
ǿʵ̫ǿˣ
īƿźҲ㶵˵³ˣ
⻹𣿡īiһĭ֮ǰ۶һƺԵôĲ԰ף
˿̣һεĿ׵ʱ˶ˣ
һʵ̫ǿˣÿһοףܾһﲻУ
˼ÿһζʧˣһθΪĿţ
ǿɵ۳۷ĳǿ߰Ȼһһо͸ɱˣĻ
Ȼǿʥĺǿľ˿̿ףҲǳСǣ
ǿߣÿһŮ˵ıܣ
ʵľΪһţҲǼŵˡ
ڿ֮ŷʲôţ
ǰλʥһ֮ԶԿ۳֣սݣʯƾ죡
һ̣Ѿ޷ǰһˣ
⡭һôǿ
˿һ˵仰ʱĸоЩˡ
֮ǰһٶĸ˼ƣ˼ǾǸİ
˿֮ǰ׸³ҪֵʱлǽŲѣ
ȻҲ֪ԼΪʲôôĽţԼƺѾǱļһǣˣ
һԵĺԭһĨ֮ģ˿Ҳǳ׵ıˣ
У
վڴʥϵĸǰԼ˵еʸûа
Ц֮ǰԼһҪ˼鷳ԭ˼ѹ
һ뵽ղλ׵۾ĳǿʵоԼĺһķ
˼ҶָͷĻԼѾĲˡ
һλɵۼǿ߶ıɱˣοԼأ
ҪԼı˸նɱˣڣҲû˸λˡ
֮Щ˵նɱ³ףǿλʥҲӲ߰³׵ʵֲǲ֪
īƿźҿδأܹӵնɱɵ۳ʵˣӦɵڵʵ³һҪնɱʥϼǲܵģ
磡
ΪѾȻʱһѾǻʣ
³飬ȻȻҲˣ
īһ۱㿴˵ģҲһľ㤣
֮ϣܹӮãôҲû뵽һ۳ֻһλ
³飬ǿ۳һλ




2284һλ
 


һķˣҪ֪۳ʵɶһһǿ
Ϊʲô˵۳ôǿʵϾΪǵʵѾ˦۳
۳ĵʮֵۺĻ۳Ѿˣ
ӣ۳ҰҲѾȻˡ
ںڹ˳ʵԭ۳ļƻ֮С
ֻΪīͻȻ֣ûгΣ۳ѾǽĿīϣ
֮壡
һʣɽ֮Ϊ֮ˣ
³Լû뵽ԭΪ˳˳ļƻΪīĳȫƣ
оŭǣǸΪƵ۳̫³۬νĴ׻ʳĵ۾һ̾ȻһεĳΪ˽
նɱ³ף
˶û뵽ģ¼Ѿ³Ҳû뵽һε֮лɥڴ˰ɣ
³飡
۳λɵڵĳǿߣ
ȻʵԼĶ³ףʵҲ³׶٣
һ۳ɳλʵϾΪ˱֤һʧҲû뵽һε龹Ȼĳ۶ӣ
³ԭһֱڰ׸³׶ֵʱʵҲǿ֣
Ϊʮǰ³һʱ³ἰ£
ʱ׵ļһһԸ³ףһܵĿĻͱ³նɱˣ
ԣΪ³׻һϡ
ǵȵعʱԼ֮³Ѿǳ׵ڴˣ
ŭŻںޣ³һڲǸڰˣΪøûҪ
ǵĿѾǺˣǱնɱⲣ
һλɵڵĸ׵۾һγ׵ûϷ˰
˵ʵʵڵЩɵĸоˡ
Ȳ֧۳Ҳ֧ף
Ҫ˵ѡ֧һĻʵ֧۳Ϊīͻᱻ°ߣ
Ҳֻںڲܹͷ
ǺҲ֪һ۳ǿǵʱ򻹻ڵ鷳
˵ڵĺԼҲ֪ԼӦ֧˭ˡ
үүɱСλʥϣ
īiһǿˣ˵κ˶ϣȥ
Ϊ׶Ϊˣ֮ǰǷīiѹҲûк˼˵
˰
οһλɽ糬ǿߣֲʲôʵ飡
Ŷλʥϣ俴źīiʵ
һԵīЦһīiԼö˲һ˵˰ʮǰ׼ҵѲɺ֪
׼ҵ飿ڴᷢһЩʱڵ֪һЩ
īЦһīiƴʥϣǴʥϴȵĻҲûʲôùӳ԰ɣ
ҵȷʥϣأʥҲȷĺܣǷˣ
īiһīǽҴԼϵףҲһƣ
˿ﻹʲô˼ȥɶģڼ¶Ը˼ң
俴źīiʵôû˵īi㵽׸ʲôˣ
˺䣬ǴʥˣΪпܻǣڡȻܣΪھܵ
īƿź䣬Ҳ΢΢һ̾
ǰȷ黹ʣҵվӵĻᶼûа
Ҳ˵һѵĻ
īƳ۳ҰģҪѡĻұѡʥϣ
īƣΪҲ֪ʲô⣬ڵȻѡ׵۾ˣһδ׵۾ֻΪ˰Ӷ˴׵۾ڻʲôѡ𣿡
֧֮һ߸оǸӣ
ںīƵ֮ʣ³׺³鼸һһң׼м䣡
ʵԼû뵽һ۳ɳ˵һ³ףȻڰлһ
ɵڵǿߣ
֪ⲢܹԵģ
ֻһλĲ£Ȼɵ۳ںɵڽһСϵĲ࣬ȷǵ蹵һ
ܹԽսĹһɵڵǿҪնɱɵ۳ڵǿ߲һ£
ΪɵÿһСĲ࣬ǼԽģ˵ѹԵģ
ף֪
³׿³Ѿǽ·סˣ˿Ҳʵ
Щ׳յĿ³׵޿ӵЩ㶺ˣ֪ֻ۳֮ɱңͲ޶ɱɣҪֻܹ˻ȡ裡
³Ц׵۳£ҪССĻʳ𣿼Ȼеնɱҵ۳ة࣬ǱҪĴ㣡磬ʲôɱ˵
۳ΪɽһȻԸһССĻʳ۾˹Ŀ࿴׳˵
˻һҲһƬȻ
ȷ۳ôǵ۵ĺܰ
׵Ļ³ЩԥóԥֻƬ̣
һ룬³³׵Ӱͬʱ




2285²Եȵս
 

ֲѹ
һ޼ɵ׵ϣʱҲɫأ
ɵڵǿߣ
֮ǰûԤϵģһж
ΪԼûܹԦһԵȵս
ѾˣʵѾע
ܹ֮أĿɲǸ˾һս
Ϊ˵սûκεĿܹӮ
ֻǵս³ףһʤĻᣬֻҲ֪ԼҲֻܹ³սһƽ֣
ֶһ³飬Ѿԭƽƽ֮䵹۳һ
ղ̼³׻³飬ĿľΪܹѰһߣֻ˲δϵ
¡
ǿĽһһң˲䳯׵ķѹ
ûһ˿ˮ
׵ͫһ˲䣬ΧһŰɢ
ˣ
֮
һ̣֪ҪʱԵĸһҲֻܹ֮ͨ;ˣ
Ȼʵ˴ȵǰһҲǳصģ
ܣҲûУ
³һ׵׼ҲЦһ
еļƷɽȴûκεĳɣһĨ糤һ㣬ڵķ£
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˿³׵Ľոһ㣬׼ո׵
֮һĨͣ´˿̵Ѿʬˣ
һߣ
³ҲûţĽͬǿޱȣҪڵķһΪ
Ľ޼ɵĳ׵ķɱκεĻᣡ
ݣ
ڿնѾʧԭأ
ӲѾǲˣɵڵǿǿһԲڵܹܵģ
⽣ײƵһ㣬ƺӵһ㣡
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أ˳Ǻɫ֮һ˿˿Ѫ
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³ڶ׵뷨֮ǰ³鶯ֵԭһﵽʲôʵ
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һȻһбɱ³ףԲɵ۳ܹ顣
³׺³ûκεԥ׶ˣ֮ǵֲɵôܸ׵أ
ֻ³׶֮ŷ֣һﲻһӶѣ
ʵҲǸɵڶѣ
³ʵҲ֪ɵڵǿ߶Ըһɵ۳֮ˣⲢһʲôʵ飡
˿̵³׺³еʮ㣬Ǿ׽ǵѾûκεˡ
ʥϣû°ɣīˣҲǿһ£
ɨһȦ֮󣬿ī޷
޷
֣˲īһεĳ֮ǰһĨҲʧˣ
ֻһԿŵĹ˿˴˿Ķˣ
Ȼ˿Ҫѯ׵ôĿջѹԼУ
״˿̰Ȼվ۳м䣬˿ԼѾǱ˸סˣ
ڵĹ˿ҲǳֵǺͽ֮ɫϣ׸Ͻߣ
Ҫǲô򣡣
³״˿ĴѾǲжϳ׵ʵжôǿˣ
κλᣡ
³ڵ뷨ƺҲ֪һһ㹻Ļᣬʱ»ᷢ
У˶ǱȲ׳սסˣ
ܶ˶Ѿ죬˿ǶҪյʤ׻ôģ
˵Ŀһεļ³׵ϣ
Ȼ۳޳֮ȣɵǿ߶սһˣɽôĵɽأ
ʤΪ
بŲĵ˭Ƶ۳أ
磬Ƚһ˵һʼǸ³鿴³ףвزסɱ⣡
³׵³Ѿǳ׵׼ǰһˣ
ټһ۳Ѿǲκλתأɱ˵һ˰ˣ
üͷ𣬴˿кַܹܶԸһˣ
ŵôܹ˵ߵʱǺȻ¶һ˿Ц




2286С
 

˿̣
˭Ҳ֪Ϊʲô׻ͻȻЦһĨЦ³׺³ΪĹ죡
ͷȻܹЦˣǾӵǿʰ
οһۼóѾǿ֮ĩˣ
ɵڵĸΧ˵Ǳ֣֮
ʵһʼԼҲЩģ֮ǰõûڵˣ
ԵɵڵʵֻҪܹסеһǱʩչĿռ䣡
ɵ˱۳齨ˣһھҲû뵽۳˻һţ
׵Щûڣ
ΪѻһʱȴЦ
ʥǲǷ˰ʱЦĳ
ҿʥЦЩǿǲѾ˰
пܰɣǿλݷɽ˭˵Ӯ
һǿ߽Ҫڴ˰֮ǰ۳³Ѿɽˣ
ǰǴʥ䣬Ǳؽɽˣ
һʱ䣬ܶ˶һεʧȥģ
Щǽͷһ㣬ıߴǾıߵ
Ѿռ·磬Ȼվһˡ
ûʲôֻˣΣѾܹȡЦˣ
ףúܶˣ
ʵϣЩΧ۵ˣīƺͺ˶Ѿǲκεϣˣ
̣
ǿԾһЦѣĳη̣ộ
ɵ۳ڵ˰æʲôأ
³׺³ɵڵǿߣʮ˸ɵ۳ڵǿߣǼǰ׸һ㣡
ϵĲֲģ
׺ȻϳֳһĨЦݣܶ˶Ϊ׾Цݣ
֪׵ЦݾԲǾϣأ
³׺³׼һγ֮ʣǵ֮оȻҲ͸һӵľ֮ɫ
ˣ
һڽɫĽƲ֪ʱѾڵϿգ
׶
ƽӣϵ绷ƣ
һ̶ȦˣȻʱɽ٣
Ҷɽٵĵطڣⲻܰ
ɽ֮жɽٷΪ֣ܶȻˣţӦˣ
ԲٵĽƣǻʲôأ
ԭѾҪֵ³׺³һڵʱǳȥĻǰŶɽ֮˶Կ
³׺³ûôɵȱ֪ȥһƸϵĻǵʱҲ˰
ɽĽƣɲһģ
˶֪⵽˭ڶɽ٣ףȥܣƺǸһ㣡
䣡
һɫ׵绬䣬ǰҪڻһ㣡
ǵ׵âһ֮ƺʧˣ
׵Ǹûһվţ˲֪˭ڶɽ٣ȴ֪һ
һ̿ʼˣ
״˿̿ڵĳҲǷһ˿˿Ц⣡
СɽٻʱˣĻԼһܹһɽˣ
ӦС֪ԼΣգ˿Ӧǿжɽˣ
Ϊ׷СϵۻûȫĸǣڵһӦҲǿԵġ
ʱѡɽ٣˵жǼٵģ
һһɫ·ҪǮһֻǸոյ׵߱ʧ˵֮У
˶ǰôһ£
³׺³˿Ҳһͷˮʵǲ֪˭ڶɽ٣
ףôûһվǱЦеأ
ʱһһĹȥ
ܶ˿ǰһĻҲоȵĺܣڶڵȴһ
Դλʥϳ֮ƺ۶һֱûжϹ
ڣ
ѾһĽζƺھһּ尾
ôʱ䣬СѾǶɹ˻ΪΣյһʱڣþĿ飡
ʵҲڴСһ֮󣬵ʲôĴڣ
ζžûкû֣֮
Ҫ֪ҲǷΪܶĲΣΪǿľ񼶱Ĵڣ
ҪΪ񼶱ĴڣһˣǱ뾭ϵܹﵽ
ɽ壬¿ɫ֣
һ֮УΪͨıȻǺܹﵽѾǷǳĲˣһǽ
Ҫ֪֮е˶ֻͽлΪ
ֻнлΪ
״˿̱ڴųܹûʲô
ΪʵѾǾǵյ㣬ǻûΪ׿ѾԽڵ鷳ˣ
Ͼһʵɵ۳ڵˮ׼
ɵ۳ڵޣǴ򲻹ɵڵǿߣһʱڿԵסǵĽ
ҲΪʲô׺Ȼ䷢һЦݵԭҪһ֣
ֻû뵽СȻʱʼˡ




2287צ
 


磡
ֲɫ׵һһεףΧ֮һĪĲ
˵ܶⱲӵһμжɽٵľҲȻ
Ȧˣ
ѹҲ֪׷ʲô飡
𺳵ĳ˶㳡ϿյĽƣЩĸо
³׵ɫѿ˼㣬۶ӣ
еҲǿ֪ˣΪʲôԼһ֮ûһ˳ĵأ
ԭΪһնɱǰ֮Ѿûκεˣ
ɾʱȻ˽ˣȲŹʺĳȻˡ
оεǣ׾վǰԶĵط³ֻܹĿű˶ܹ֣
ָоķζըˣûκεİ취
˿̲뵽֮УΪѣ
³ײɵ֪Ψһܹնɱ׵Ļˣֻûϧ
磬һڶɽ٣³ɫҲ൱ѿδ֪ĶҲûκεĵ
̫ڶɽ٣ָоڶɽ٣
³΢΢ҡͷܹĻҲͲ˵ˡ
ֲֻĽµƺСĸоɽôɣ
磬ҪȻһԣ
³Ĩһ˿ɱ⣬׵ײһƺĽ
״˿ҲǽţһʱֵĻĲ֪ô죡
ڶģǶһﲻҶ֣
Ȼ
³ҡҡͷǧҪɵ㿴ǼһЦ⣬ƺڵȴϹûиȿ˵ɣ
³ײҶģҲģ
һҪǶˣʱƴתԼ¿޶ûеطȥ
³磬ǾôţһɽٵĻһɽٳɹʱº
ɽ٣ܣҲ٣Ȼһûиô£ҼԶ϶ӦòǴڶɽ٣ȿ˵ɣ
³׵ҡڲһͷһ㣡
ʱضпܷԼǿһǰһ
֮ƺԥǣһԼĹðǰһɽٵĻǵòʧˡ
ֻԼˣʱǸһ
һǵһǣ
֮ǰû³׵飬³׻пôĳ嶯
ڲˣĵһǰҪסԼСȻıġ
ҪԼСסˣ̸ʲôĶأ

ǽƺѾǽӽβˣ֮һɸΪҵϢ˲ڵϿӿ
ʮ׺£ƺûκεĸо
ҪǱ߰ʮһˣҪ֪һĽ׶Ǿŵı
ʮһĽףѾǾžŽף֮зǳǿĴˡ
ôǿ٣˾Ȼûи㶮Ϊʲô
ڳλƵ˼£
ÿһ˵һ̶ܹ֪һ˵Ŀ۽֮ϣ
¡¡
һڴСĴ׳һǻ
߲֮⣬ǵƺҪûһ㣡
³׺³¶һ˿Ц⣬ΪҪûʱȴû뵽һֲĽһεʧ׵ĸǰ
ʧ
³׵ɴ۾ǰһУƺоʵЩ˼飡
ղŵǵƣԼоһĿֲû뵽ǰһﾹȻһε˽ȥ
׵ȥˣ
˿̣
Ѿ췭ظ˵ûһ˵ҹ
Ѿǳ׵ĵ£ܹܵһ˿΢ϢĻ׶ҪΪһɽʧˣ
ߣһɫƲʻĽ
ܿ죬㵽˰У
һ˲˳ϣŨǲҪǮһ
˿̣һοʱȴڷžҵı仯
ԭϵЩɫȫ䣬һƺܿγһɫۣ

˷֮󣬺ܿһ߿֮쳹
ɢɹ
˷֮ܵ·һλߵĻعһ㣬״˿̵һεĸֳһ˿Цݣ
ʵʱ׶СѾûκεˣ
ΨһʾС𵽵׻ûʲô
ѾߣһХǧɽ
Ӵڳһϵĸо
һ룬СѾǳ׵ſצ
ϲĿСҲû뵽С𲻵Ϊ˽Ǵ֮еצ
Ҫ֪צҲҵ
׬ˣ
һ̼ҪЦԼ˰




2288һ
 

²ʶ»Ȼ
֮ǰҲСӦÿԻܻûʲôлûκεĵ

ײû֪룬СϾֻǳѣ
ڼǻҪΪĻôأ
֮ǰ̬ܼ򵥣ǾСֻҪܹɣǻûΪǶ˵ҲһͻƲ
ֻܹһֱΪʵҲֻܹͣɻʾ۷ˮ׼
ֻû뵽СˣɹȻûΪצջ񣡣
硭
ڣһλ˴һĨŵЦݿףȻ¶Ⲣü֮ϣ
С𣬹ϲˣ
Ҳףص˵ֻ۳֮УûպѶ٣
磬ĻҲûС죬ԺСǴˣСҲϵ˵
СԼû뵽ԼʵȻܹ˵ĵز
צ
ΪһˣȻ֪צʲôˣ
壬ҲǿԺߵ˰
Ѿͻɵ۳ڣδһƬ
ԭСһᣬ׼ȫ֮ͻƣΪ鷳ǰͻƣ
ڣǸ˱׵Ļˣ
׿С΢΢һЦСǺοأûĻǵӳȥӦûǿԵģ
磬ֲ̫ߣֿݴ绹ͻ֮УǴĻԺôͿݸ罻
СҲǺٺһЦԿó˿С˼㣡
˵֮䣬ƲסЦݣ
׹һЦС𣬼ȻѾͻƣһʵжôǿ󣬿۳עҪֶ˰
˿̵Ҳ쳣˷ܣСɹһ˱֮ˣ
۳ղŵͱˣ̼ܹȥʲôˬ
С˷ܵĴ׵·һѾʧ֮У
ʱվڹ㳡룬Ŀ⣡
ɢ
³׺³㶵ĿǸʲô仯ҲûеףǶһ±ƣ
⵽ô£
Ķɽ٣ӦЩ仯ɣ
ƹ׸ûκεı仯ϵЩ˺۶ڣ
ĶٵĻԲӵģ
ղŵ׷ʲô
³׺³Ҫ֪ģǸֻ֪м䵽׷ʲô
ڵ飬ڳô֪ôأ
֪ڸոһ̣һѾǳɹĻצĻ³׺³ѾǱˣ
ߣװŪҪ㵽׸ʲôã
³׸оһķ˼ɽǵһμ˿ֲɽپȻһûκε˺
˿ûУ
ôأ
³˵СɽҲԲӵİɣ
״˿̵Եõ˺ܶ࣬ûСĳɹͻƻп̵ߣ
ڣѾǳ޵ģ
Ϊ֪ĿǰʵԸһɵڵǿ߶ЩǾûпܵģ
ΪˣղֻܹķĽ
Ҫ֪ôյĽʵһģ
ƴȫȥƴɱһôʣµһҪ
Ըղţֻε˶Կ˼ûС
Ʋͬˣ
Сĳ֣סһˣʣµһǿɾ׵ľҪ̫̫ˡ
ôҲҪһ׿³׺³飬ҲǴһĨɱ⣡
ԲѣҪкεȵ˵һ
³粽ǰеļƷɽѾҪˣ
һԵ³֮ҲǺب׵һ࣬ƺʱпܷһ
ɵǿߣһεİڳ֮ǰͬķλ
׿˿ǰˣսĿʵѷһ³ϣ
³ףûʮİգ
Ľձļգ֮ڣ㣡
³鿴׵Ŀ⳯ԼҲǷһ˿Цݡ
Ҫ֪ԼԼĶ磬һϺöˡ
ǲ֪һﵽţȻҪͬʱԸ
³׿Ҳǵ˵Ǳˣ֮Ѿǲˡ飬սپ
һ룡
³׻䣬ѾǶˣٶȼ죡
һ࣬³ӰһҲʧԭأ
٣Ķң
³ֿһ˿ЦҪֱȡ׵֮ʣȻǼɲһ㣡
ΪڵĸǰѾǳһüĿݵӣ˿Цأ




2289Сǳ
 


ȫһľ
˶Ϊǹһ˵ǹƥĳս˭û뵽׵߾Ȼа֣
Ҳͨˣ˼ô׻ʳĵ۾ôûб֮أ
ֻǰļһȥƺЩ̫װ
ᣬȻҪֵ۳һλһλһ
˵мǲܵ飡
һ˭ȥͦŵİ
˭֪ӦǴʥߵĻɣֻһֵܵס³
ҽɣʥʱҪһжɣ
ǹ񫰡ⱲӶûмộôĸֻսһ֣ˬ
Ⱥ鼤
һ˿СͻȻ֣Ҳһϴų֮ɫ˷쳣
²ؼ߸߹𣬶˵ֻǿֶѣ
ںڵڸһͷˮ
ǿųеҲһɻԴԣīƺͺ䣬˿ɶɵ۳ڵǿߣ
ֻǿǰСʱҲ¶һĺȻ֮ɫ
⡭ʥ߶ʲô˰Ҳǳ׵ķˡ
Ļһʳ
ǰ֮˵ʵӦɵۼģڵܹǿʲô̶ȣȻԼ
īƳҪǣס³׿²̫ܣ
ǰ³ɵڵǿߣҪһ˵סºѣ΢΢ҡͷ
˶ǼΪĲ׸ͻȻֵһϣ
һԵīЩǵĿԼүүүүǡǴʥǲǻΣհ
Σգ½벻ڵŷˣ
˵
˿ź䣬鼱֮ҲЩ۵˵
ܴС㣬Ҫǿ㸸׵ϣھܹɱ㣡
Ҳŭˣʵû뵽˿ѾͷȻҵô˵Լ
һԵĺľүүڵΣδҵڧĻЦ𣿡
ȿ˵ɣīƵɫһҲû̫ģ
ȻڰںڶȹѹأЩ벻ͨΪʲô
ī
ȷī֮ǳ󣬿ҲôʥðΣôɣ
īƾʥͻȻߣЩޱȣ
ûиĽӴȻ֪׵Ϊʲô
īֻܹ漣ˣ
㳡֮ϣ
С³׵ĸǰݵ֮ȴ̲޵
Сǿɵ۳ڵǿߣΪ壬ǹǷǿƶ֣
ȻʵԺ³ףǶС˵ֵס³һʱ仹ûģ
ûк֮ǣ
һ̹ȻҪ֪С⣬Ҫ̫ˣ
ٶȻܹԽҲʮԭ
죬Ҫô˵棬׵ĸ۳˺Ƥ
֮ǰһ³ѾǹˣҪһԣ⺳ʽܹĺɵڵǿߣ
СȻҵֱ
³ױͻСŪЩƣҲ֪ǰһȻԼĸǰ˵һʵǿԵģ
³׵ֻףԶСĳøν
С³ҾҪ˭
ֿȭ
СȻȿʼˣһĻ˶Ŀɿڴ
֮ǰ׼׵³飬˿ҲǿǰͻһĻפǱߣ
ȭգ
Х
СһûκεĻڣûκε
Ľ쳣Ĵ⣬Ǿһּµ֣
ȥɣ
³ЦһȭͷҲǶһʵ̫һЩ
ѲɸŴ׵۾˶ǲ
³ڶЩԼǲɵڵǿˣŴıƣƢٺÿҲܲˣ
οĿ۳Բܹ˰
ǰһһĸоֻ³ײû̫ķ϶ѣ
ǵСȭ𽥵Ŀ³׵ʱ³׺ȻܵһɼΪ
Ϣ
³׵ˣΪСȭͷһ̣ȻܵϢ
Ҫ֪弸ܳڶ½ϲȺӣҸ߸ϣ
嶼ôУôΪ˵Ļأ
¡¡
ȭһƵ쳹
ӶСĴһĨ˷ܵЦݣ³׸о޳ˣ
壬Ȼ壡




2290һ
 

³׵ѿ˼㣡
֮ǰֻǻһ壬ΪϢǷǳ壡
ǲҪ¶Ļѱ˷֣
ֻСոջϢƵĻǺȶ
ղһҲ˷֮±¶ԼϢأ
壡
˿̣³׿С㶵վһԣ֪Ӳˣ
ԭһֱô׻ʳʲôвҲû̫һ¡
۳Ϊȫ̵ļƻҲǷ˹׻ʳ뷨ΪǾֻҪ˶۳ˣ
ʱһССĴ׻ʳǻ
³ʶһЩͬͻȻֵĴʥϾȻʵǿ᲻˵İָ˷˼
壡
ΪɽΪ߰壬û뵽һ̾Ȼڴ׵۾ߣ
Ȼ³׻֪ǰ֮˵ʲôƷ֣ɼ֮Ϊĺһ壬ҲǼΪǿģ
οоһԲǺһô򵥣
һʱ䣬³׶ҲǣҲǣ
Ϊ֪ķ̫ǿ󣬶ڸղСֵһ˲䣬֪ȻһﲻһĹԼҲһûа취
Ҳ˵ԭ˶սףֻܹ³ˣ
³׸СϢһԵȴ֪СȻĴڣ
ǿҲǻᾪ㵵°Ͷ˰ɣ
ǲ֪˿ǵľȳ̶Ҳ֮ǰ׵ĵǳ
˸ȥһﾹȻܹӲ³ûпɣ
ӲȻƶƾУҲ̫˰ɣ
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ɲզΣԭһǱһһˣһ¾˰
С֮ǰĳ֣˵ȷЩ
Сղǿһ֮һѾµĽԼʤƽƽˣ

һֱùƽʤƽƺ׺³ˣ
˷ܡ
ֵ˿ϣһε굤Ѿǳֵˣ
ǽһ춯صɵ۴սǸоһڴ
ղŴʥϿ˵ˣҪһλ֮ǰ˻ΪʥǴţء
ڣǵ˷ܵڴ
׿Сס³ףҲ¶һ˿ЦݣеĶϽһεĳ֣³ҲǴһ˿˷ܵĹâ
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³ŵģþǲԼĶ磬Ҳһնɱף
֮ǰ׵Ľһûʲô
׿³鵭һЦԭҪմȾǷǣ۳֮ͱˣҪץһʳӣΪʳ۾޿ԹۡȻ۳Ҫ޵ǱҪԼ׼
֮
һ̵ĵݣЩ߿һۣ
ڱԼ˷棬˼Ϊһʳĵ۾Ƿǳĺõġ
ƾèʵҪʲô¸˵˲ŵĻɡ
³һ裬еļƷɽѾǳˣ
ণ
һǿѹ˲ϯУ
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һ룬׵ƺ⽣籩סˣ
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գ
˿̣һɼΪǿЩϢҲ˿
׶ˣ
ıһεĽ˰״γһϽģ
ݣ
һը˵Ķԣ
³û뵽ǣԼĽոմһĨʱ򣬾Ȼ֣
ôܣĽȻ
³ӶˣĽȻǰȽ
ַ˼һĻ³˶ˡ
һ
׵һŭ𣬰һնԭ谵֮оȻһ˿˿Ĺ֮ɫ
ˣ
˶㵵ĿǰһĻǵƺն֮ȴһĳ³ķϮ
µĽ³Ҳһоһ˿Ϣ棡
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״˿ֻɵ۳ڵĲεĻҪ˺ܶ࣡
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³˫ֲ˸оЩͷƤ飡
һ̣ǿһĿֲֻ֮ڻü
³׻֮ʣһֲĽѾǳ׵Ľ³ûˡ




2291¾
 

һƬ֮
ˣ
ǸоԼˣ
ղŻѹƵļĴʥϣȻһ˵Ŀֲ
һһֽĸо
ܶ˶룬Լһ³׵Ҫʧˣ
һ
˵ڳ֮˸оһƣĩռҪٵĸо
³һĲҰףһĽһ˲䣬оԼƺ˽һ㣡
ǿ֧ţѾǱնɱˣ
ˣ˿̵³ҲѾǱˣ
ֲĽ
˸оһķһ룬һο³ʱȴ֮ǰǱӸ
˵ˣҪɱ޾Ҫ׼
׵˵һʵҲЩĿˣ
һȷЩ̫
һȷѾסеˣ
ȿȿȣ
³ˣ粻
˿̣׵ȴǱһƬóԥˣ
֮ǰ³ҪΪ³ױĹҪǿԼСˣ
ߣȷҪɱ㻹񣡣
³鿴ףȻҲǲ䣡
ʵ׸ղһȷסˣоһ˿Ϣ
ֻһ֮³Ҳеˣ
һʵǿһЩĻпܹնɱԼڵܣ
ɵΣʵֻҪһּͿԽԷĵ̽˾Ųʮˣ
Ȼ³ˣоĳ׵Ҳޱȵľ޴
ԣ³֪ԼڻκβףҲκβԼ
ǽɱһʱһССĴ׻ʳôֵܹס۳أ
Ȼ³оһźûܹɱףڲ׻žԵĵģ
𣿣
׵ȥ쳣Ŀֲֻ³Ҳǿһ£
ǿһѲɲһǿһ
Ļ³黹Ͳұ֤һܹܲնɱԼˣ
ߣǿ֮ĩѣҪΪձȷκβ㣬˳һĹʮ𣿡
³鿴ףоһڲƭԼѣ
Ĵ£б֮ڸǿΣ
ܹʹĳ
³鿴һĶֵĻҲǰ
ν˵һǧ˰٣ʱ˭˭֪أ
ԼĶ类ǸһĻڵѾ˺üˣ
׵һЦ˵ˣһ޾ͦʵġ
Բѣվ߿ʲôܹնɱ
³ҲһΪˣԼжȷģ
һ˵̫ˣʵ벻ͨʲôܹնɱԼ
³׵жʵ³࣬ղŵһȷ³һĵǣǿ֮Ҳǳ׵ķ
Ȼһǿ˹վ³ʵǳǿʵֲһĿֲ
ֻ³Ҳû뵽ʱǸһﻹ˵ţ
ЩƵǣԼڱǰλǿ߸ǣסˣڵ״̬Ҫնɱ˲Ƿַӵ飡
飬СΪϣ뿪
³״˿Ҳ¶ˣȻնɱʵ͵˵һεʧˣ
ټ³ף³Ȼвʣôأ
磬ʲôСӲƶѣ۳ܱСӸŵˣ
³оԼΪûӣ
ǽıһ˵Ļ۳涼ᱻԼˣ

׵кȻһӡһľ㵣
ơޱȣ
˶ȻĿףʱóʲô
˭Ҳ֪׵Ҫʲô
ʵϾȻʶѾܶˣһʱ˭ܹõأ
ο֪ʲôô
ԼʶҲ֪ϵʱ̣׺ȻóһΪ
ʥøʲôеЦ
ȥһ㰡ڲһҲ
ǰѲɴʥҪһλɵڵǿߣ
ܱܲЦҵҲǿʥϺȻóǸʲô
˶ǹĿף֪Ҫʲô
֮һã
˲֪Ҫʲôʱ׺Ȼָգһ߶߶ĸо




2292һ
 

ˣ
׷ĵһŭ𣬾˿̹âʢ
˲׵ϣ˿̵ҲǸܵһɼΪϵӿԼڣ
ԭľǽֿݵѣأ
ǿӵλ
ֿݺ֮⣬˶ǵһα׽ȸоΪ棡
۳ˣ
͵֮Уԭ飬ɾʱ˼ͬʱɫһ䣡
ʥϳˣ
ѾԼұ۳׵ķָ˹ȥһԵĵͬĶ

͵֪ģҲǳΪ׵ū֪֮ģ
Ҳ˵ֻǲδܹ棡
֮ǰ˵ǣ򲻵ѵǲǵġ
Ҳɫһпܣʥôܵþأ
һ˲䣡
˵·Ϳһ㣡
͵Щ̱λ֮ϣǴ˿ҪնɱǵĻǷǳ׵ģ
׵Ҳ˵ˣԼʱΣ֮ҲǿԾܾģ
ֻڳףûΣգ
ˣӦģʥ϶Ȼܹѳ飡
˳ڵķ˹ȥǵ϶
ڷУ
˿׺ȻָգҲ֪һﵽڸʲô
ҲǸоһĹŹ֣ǿĹŹֵѾкܶˣڿ߶߶ӣҲΪˣ
֮ǰ˵ģ²ؼ߸߹𣡣
ھҪ˭ʤ˭ʵϾ˴˿Ѿ֧ˣ
ΪǾ׵𣬱Ȼ۳
˭Ը⿴۳һҶ󣬶ǳΪ۳Ŀأ
װģΪʲô£øŻˣһССĻʳѣͭҲ˼óۣ
³鲢ʶʵϲ³鲻ʶһԵ³ʵҲʶ
ǶЩΪȤ˵Ļʶģ
Ͼʧǧ꣬˭ֻעһأ
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Ĭֻǿǰ³飡
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ˣ
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һУΪһ𣿡
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ǰһʹһƺûĽһзӳ£
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οһ³ź˼ˣ
Ϊһ׵Ĵʱϵ⣬׸
ᣡ
³ðԼǰһξѵĺûᣡ
ɱ÷ɱ׵Ļˣ
׵һƬ䣬˿оԼϵǰδеǿ󣡣
ԭѾɵ۳ڵףһѾǸһ˿ɵڵζ
λ׵ʵҲһ𣡣
һ
һεŭоһβٿһҪ֮ǰҪ̫ˡ
һԭҪΪǿƣ֮ǰȻҲʹһĲԼԦһ
˿̣һεǿԼʹһΪĴݣ
ݣ
һ׵ĸǰʧһѾǳգ
֮Уǵͱһ㣬âֱ³飡
ͬĳͬζ
һ̶ҡҡͷʥϿѾǭ¿˰
һܹնɱ³Ļһսͽˣ
ΪʲôʥϻҪͬأ
ִţ
ͬʽһζûãڶȻӵĲܹˣ
׵Ľһεİס³ʱһ֮̾ҲǳС




2293һһ
 

֮䣡
һֺĽ˳ķն䣬ǹâ֮֮ǰƺ
ǵԶԭһ϶Ľڻ䵽һʱƺҪһЩ
ǵһĳ³ķӿڣ
³һЦȷһпȥЩޱȣôأ
ղŵѾӦһУܹͬ˺Լڶ
Ϊ뷨³ὣ𣬳ǵɱȥ
һΣ
Ѿȫ׼ԼƽһУ
ֻǵʧһķɱȥʱ˸оһͷƤ飡
ⲻܣ
³д󾪣ƺѾԼһ㣡
ƾôѣȴ޷ѵˣ
׵ʶ֮ǿѾ³ܹˡ

һεɱһ̳׵ͷ˳ԭڸŵϢѾȻͷţ
Ǵڷ籩ģ³Ҳܸܵõǿɱ⣡
֮֮ǰһһθΪĿֲ
ɱ
֮УŰ
³һѾǳ׵ıĽ籩ɣ
ΪһλһһʱȴƺһθΪң
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һΣȻоԼϢ³Ϣ׵ĸϣ
ˣ
³˳׵ȦˣԼĵܵ˵Ļôǰһֲ̫ˣ
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Ȼ֮ǰնɱ³ף³³ײһģ
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³ϣҲѾûˣΪԼܵܵʶѾǳ׵ĶϿˣ
׵˵³ǻ˵ЦѲҪɱɣɱبɱ֮ô򵥵ĵףǻҳ죿
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׿˿³΢΢һ̾³ǵĵ쵽ܲߵ˰ɣ
㤣
³һ̸о쳣ľ㤣֮ǰ˵Ļ֮Աǵġ
һ˵ƺѾʵˣ
˶Ϊܵ飬Ȼˣ
³飬ԼλܾܵͲһ£ôı
һ˵Լ߲ˣ³ŵֱӳһ򼲳۶ߡ
ˣ
ûκεԥ³ֱʧŷеĸǰ
˶ûзӦĹ۳Ѿһһˡ
³ûκεİ취̽׵ĵףһּΪĿֲ͹졣
ɵ۳ڵʵӲĽԼĵܵն£
ȹ֮ˣҲ³ʶһԺΪ۳ĸ󻼣
һ۳λһλة࣬ԭ׼Ⱥ۵ģأ
ںڲûгΪ۳ˣһҲλɵۼǿߣ
³ǻܵĻôп³ҲԼĵܵܺة³һɣ
³׾ôˣһԵСƺҲû
ֻڿ³ʧһɲǣҲЩƣվ˵֮ϣ˸оЩͿˣ
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³ײܵĻ׻ҪСæˣ
³ߵһ̣ŷбŷһĻ֮
һ̣˵Ѿ޵һĴˡ




2294²ŵ
 

³³ˣ⡭ļٵİûпɣ
³ղŵĻѲû𣿴ʥնɱ³鰡
ֲ̫ˣղһһΪ֮ǰ࣬ô͡
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ʥϹȻǿֲֲøԻʳ֮ս۳˼ҵʵѾǵ˿ֲĳ̶Ȱ
һʱ䣡
һĳ֮϶һ˿˼ı飡
̫ǿˣʥϵĹƺͲһ㣡
ɵڵǿ߶ܹѣǺεȵĿֲ
˿̣˶ЩҴĸоǿ翴һսһ㣡
īƺͺ˿ҲǴڴڵĴŴǱղһĻѪȵĻ׵ˡ
ʵϺܶ˶ûп׵ĹΪǵʵ̫ˣ
Ϊɵ۳ڵǿߣīƺͺ˽һĻĻǿУ
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һףǸ磬δڵīЩ㵵Ŀīǵ
ī΢΢һЦǴʥϣڿѾǳΪ۳Ŀˡɽ粨ܣʱھǸĶ󣬼ȻҪվӣǲվӺˣ
ǡԺ飡ʥϾˮ֮УΪܵ˴ʥϣʥϣ
īƴ˿Ҳǳ׵ķӭ˹ȥûдʥϵĻѾΪ۳߹ˡ
ⲢīҪģڿԼīӵ֮֮Ǹм׵ĵˣ
ԭҪ뿪ֲԸһɽ½ǿ߽ύĻᣡ
ֻǺ䲢֪ǣ״ԭĿںڣ
ڳᣬôܷأ
¶һ˿ЦݳīƵķ˹ȥԥһǾ뿪
ֻǾ׼뿪֮ʣѾ˺˵ĸǰ




2295ºĴ׵۾
 

Ҫȥﰡ
׿ź䣬һĨЦں俴Щֲˣ
˭֮ǰɱķȫأ
ڿλʥͻȻסԼȥ·ҲεһЦ
ʥϣѾˣҵҲøϻŴһЩ飡շҲӭʥǰͣ
俴ףҲǹֵ
Ʊǿ
ڵĺǲҸ̫ˣŭǰ֮˵ĻһҪǶ˼ɱ͸һ
˵ɽ˭˼ԼݵĻǰλʥϾҪһˣ
粻ɣȻڴˣҲҪ֪أ
׿ź䣬Ļ֮г˳Ͽҵζ
ڱ˿ʲôϿңֱв
ܶţһ䲻ӣʱǿ±Ѫɺӵĳ棡
ľ΢΢һЦʥϿƭǺÿడ
ع⻰Ӻ˵أòҲû˵Լ˭ɣ۳ֻ̫ǴҪλ̸һЩѣ
˵ĵʵ֮ǰûд⶯֣
ƫƫôɺϣ۳ҰҲˣȻҪ°īŲòֵģ
֮ǰûҪ۳߷
նɱһλɵڵһλɵ۳ڵة࣬һεջķģ
۳һʧɵۼҪԺв
۳ԼĴ׻ʳֻܹһ
ȻѾ̶ȣ綯ʵһġ
ټѾΪӴҲʲô̫Ĺ˼ɣǱǷˣ
ѲԼֵĻ۳ջŹԼ
޿ܣ
׿۳ʱ֣ӦòҪԼչ׳󣬶ڲ
һεĶ֣Ҳǳ׵ƻ۳ԭļƻ
ţ۳̣δĳһʱڣҲˡ
һԵĺīiͺεĿףҲЩţ
俴ЦŵȻʥϳղײգǾһΣ
ã
ҲǵͷһûдҪô
Ϊɽĵһţ׾úЩҪġ
οһ׽֮£ΪһԼʦŷұǰƣ
˳ǰȥ˿ҲǸŽȥˣ
ֻڵĹ˿һֱûҵ׵˵ѡ
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īƵ˲δλ֮ϣһ棡
׵ʵ˼Ҷλô˼λأ
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īԼĸҲ𾪵ʵ磬ʥϾȻʦ𣿣ֵԵְ
ֵԵֻĺܣҲݸһЦ
һԵīһЦŵʥԨԴ֪һδʥͻȻΪ°
Ǻǣ˵ҲɺϣһԭҪī̸һ̸飬Ҵ׻ʳһҩ֪īɷΪҴ׻ʳṩһЩأ
׿īƣûвҴţ
˵һҪĿľˣֻīһķ֣
û⣡
īƿ̵ͷֻṩҩѣ
˼ҴʥϸڵĹϵټ˼Ҿڣ㵤ҩʲôأ
ʵҲ֪ԼֻҪھûģ
׹ֵ޴׻ʳлī֧֣
׻ʳԨԴСīƶϰæĻôҲ˵ȥīƹһЦ
ҲīװװæģɻԪ䷽Ӧù˰ɣ
׵һâܿϱһƤ
ݣ
һ̣ƤѾǳīƵĸǰ
īƵ˶סˣ̤Ьٴȫѹ
û뵽֮ǰһֱôҪʥϿڵ䷽ѾԼУ
ɻԪ䷽⡭⡭ʥʵ̫˰ī˵Щˡ
һԵĺ۾ѾʼŹˣ
ԭΪ׿϶ǽڵܣǺݺݵһʵ֣
ôҲû뵽Ȼ׬ˣôôõأ
ڵĸ߲˿Ҳǳ˷֮Уʵ뷨ƣ
Ҳû뵽ʥϲûаҪ˼ֵɻԪ䷽
һʱ䣬´֮ϲ󣬳֮⣬˵϶˸˷ܵĹâ
ҲӦ̸һ̸˰ɣ
һ˷ܵʱͻȻתͷź˵úһӶûзӦù




2296º
 

ʥǴǿкˣ
仹û˵ľѾǿЦʵ
һԵĺ仹кīiһСӻǲ
ǸʲôѲ
ʱףǲǸֱӷ
׿źľЦŵһôǾǴ˲Ը飡
Ȼ˵ĻǴʥǿнүү£Ҫֶα۳ֶʲôأүүѹǻǲģ
ľ׳ʵ֮в׺
ôһ˿˿ڴǰλʥϺ
ǰѻ˵ƺҪ׵һ㣡
һԵĺŵֱվ˺ľĸǰʥϣ֮º̸ľᣬ֪أʥĪҪźã
ع˿̬ȵĻһĴ״󷽷˵
ľɫһ죬Լ˼ҴʥЩμˣ
īiźľסĸʹɫ
ľЩȻ˵ĻǴʥҪںôҲóɣ
ŭһľԽԽûйˣʲôʱֵˣ
үүǿ߱ͷԺɽ绹㣿ľһϯúһȺүǸоûеطվˣ
īһԿźһЦЩԼŮ˰
׿źľһεĶһƵ֪أ
⡭ʲô
ľЩĿеƣһŷ֣ҲЩƣ
׾ȻóǺľΪԼʶ㣬зֹ
֮ǰľóɻԪ䷽ڣ
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ںľ˵Ҳ൱һ̽ɣ
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俴еƣɫҲԵʮֵأ
׵۾ɷһ˵俴Щѯʵ
΢΢ͷźЦŵȻԣ
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̾һôҲû뵽׵ϾȻƣ
ʵԴŷұǰʧ֮֮˶ΪѾŷұǰķһʧˣ
׿źЦŵȻƣǱðˡӵƵģʵϺܼ򵥣Ϊŷұ޵ʦ𣡡
ŷұǰǴ׵۾ʦ⡭̫ˣֲôʥͣԭԭ˰׵۾Ǽ̳ŷұǰ²
һ𾪺ãȻ
㶵ĿףѾܹĸо
ţһ˶֪׷ʲô飬ֻǵһεĿʱȴһ𺳵ľ󣡣
侹Ȼˡ




2297ڹ˳
 

Ȼ¹˸оһ⧲
վںףԵҲЩȦĸо
ʵöײ֪жãһʼ˵ĵɡ
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⡭Ǹʲôأ
īҲһ㵵ĿԶͻȻ¹оһĻ㱣
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Ҫڵ֧֣ҲҪһǿΪ֧ţ
û̫Ѿ˶Է롣
ֻ˸֪浽׷ʲô飡
˳˵ķ˹ľҲƵĺܡ




2298ڼ
 

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ڵ˳ѾȫͶ׻ʳȻΰʥϣ
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΢΢һЦƽ޴׻ӭڼҴ׻ʳԺڱҴ׻ʳһӣ
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īƣʥ֮ҲҶ½ôһԿ۳ԴУƴһʥϾԲҵʧġ
һҲȰοʱϣīˡ
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īҲǿЦһʵеϵ˭˲֪
ʥϲδҵȣҵԸ룬еԵԺ֮ҿϸڲС
ʥϵȷ˾壬ڰ۳ҵͳһ飬īӦ𡣿ڲһ֮ڣһ˵
īҲε˵Ȼڵȴûкôǿƣ
һԵī磬۳Ѿˣ˵䲻´ʥЦĻڵèʵֻҪ۳һλ̤ƽˣΪ¼ң硭
磬˵ļǣοʥΪ˹䣬óɻԪںȳɽҲƥСǼ۳ҵȻǲǼ˴׻ʳҷ
ī¥ҲЦŵʵǶɵ
ܹȻ⣬˭ԸΪ˵һأ
ںڿνͬȻڿԼףȻҲǿԵģ
ˣǶ˴ʥϵͽˣֳΪ˴׵ĳӡڵδȻһڴˣʲôأʥϡ
īƺȻȻĿףҲǵϥ¹򣡣
һ˲䣬ڷ·ظŸղһ㣡
һεûīƹ£īƵ˵īڼ˴ף޶Ȼøλʧ޼Ȼ۳˺ȻҲЩġ
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ںڵʷϻǴûй飡
һγ׵ĳ飬˵ҲǴһĨЦݡ
ʥϣһ󡭡
ʱīһ̺Ȼ




2299
 

ϲʱ̣
īͻȻ¹Ҳڵ
ֻīһ˸оЩ̫ͻأһЩ
ڳ˶֪īҪ˵ʲôʵһ㶼ΪѵĻī˲أ

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һڣīĻԼܶҲô˳
ϾīǿԴ֮ˣԼܴڣ
ںڹ˳׻ʳȽҲԼû뵽ġ
οī֮壬δǰ;ǲģ
ԣīˣȻҲ֪ܶԻҪԵģ
īʼչһԣ̧ͷ˿׵ʥϣΪѱ£ֻǳϣԽ֮ĸȳ¡
ī
׿˿īƣҲǴһ˿ѯ֮ɫ
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Ѷϼ£
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˿ī˶ǳУǶҪ֪鵽ô£
īԼүүô꣬ƺоԼЩԼүүˡ
ҶУɽȷǺ֮ܳһ
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īƵͷһηҶ˵ڲɹҩģҽӴģҲ֮һϢǱȸһһ֮¡
ȸһһ˶Щˡ
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һһ֣ǱǷ誣
īһ˵Ļ˸о𾪲ѣ
īĸ׻Ǵͷİ




2300
 

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˵ĿⶼѾǷīƵϣ˿˵ĴţҲ
ʵһֱΪīĸײһͨȸһ壡
īƲǸԧˣټ϶½һϵеĹأӶ˺ܶ鲻֪
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俴īƣīƵȷǸ֪誾Ȼȸһĸ߲㣡
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īҲεĺܣʵϴʼҲû֪ԼĶīȸһĳλŮӾǷ誣
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ī̾һһȷǿ󣬿ȸһǳŮƣʵҲ飡
ɡǷѾһǿô᲻֪أҲЩɻʵ
īƳҾͲ֪ˣҵ֪誵֮ѾǻСҵʱ֪Ϣʱ򣬶ΪҪ군ˣǷڵ֮ȥˣôƺûκεĶ
û֪ĸ׵ݣ׿īƳ
ȻûУնһֱҪȥԼŮˣֺοཫѹأıȸһ֮˵֪£ʱڶҪΪ֮ᰡ
īһǽԼѹ˺ܾúܾõ˵˳
Կóīѹֵķǳʹ࣡
׿īҲ΢΢һ̾ī֪誵𣿡
ֻ֪֪誵ֶѡŶû֪誵ȫΪǳնǺСԺҲֻ֪һСȸһŮӸù
īƿףҲЩµ˵
ѯʵĻ֪誵׽ʲôˣ
ҲΪֵɺϣӹһ٣
үүǡĸ״𣿡
ī˿̿īƣҲǱᣬԼүү
ԼүүıȫԼĻ²Լʱڿ¶ҪΪԼĸˣ
ī΢΢ҡͷٺҾͲڴκйȸһˣ˵ĻɣԷ誵ݺ͵λӦò˰ɣ
ʱУʱĪǿ󣡣ĸ׻ţ޴Ӧ㣬һĸž֪ۡĽᣬĽǲ⿪ĻԺҪߵĲοЩѶˣ
ʵҪȥһţһûȥ壬֪īħҪﵽµĲεʱ߻ħ
վĽǶȣվīĽǶȣҪһܣ
οʶܾã⵹һʱ
ʥϣܰң
ī鼱֮ҲǼѣ֪ȥԼС
Ҫ֪һҪǰ½ܣ
ʥϣ򲻿ɣīһԳ
үүΪʲôͲУ
īԼүүȻֹҲǼˡ
īԼӣҲ̾һʥǰ壬ȻΣءʱһʲôʧô죿οͻȻȸһĻʱĸײˣ
Цŵ޷Ȼ޾ҪȥȻЩյģ
ʶĻ׻ûжٵİգЩƺڤڤ֮עһ㣡
ˣ
ǰ½֮ʣһƺ
ˣ
īһֳϣںڼ˴׻ʳֻСΧ֪ѣ
ԭ蹫Ͼ֮۳ħצµһͻˣ
ƺԶ۳ʹߣ˹񶫷ԳĿĻ
˹˵⣬ī˵֮׵ķ˹ȥ




2301¸ı
 

Գ
׿ŲԶڴſ֮ˣҲüͷ
˵飬ƺôһˣ
Լ֮УôһŶԳƱ
˿ƺҲһˣ溷ƣ
λ۳ľŹ֮仹ԨԴġ
īƺͺ俴ŵ֮ˣҲǳö۳ʹƫȺ򣬱һȥ
ǣˣ
С£Կóīڻ൱ľϵģ
Ͼһ֮ȨʵҲӹɵģ
£īƿһ׵ʥϣⶫ۳Ǵ׻ʳڣҵȡ
оɣԭҪǰһˣڿҲøϻض۳ˣǱ߻һЩҪ졣
׿ī΢΢һЦһԵīЩƣ
֮ǰ׿ǴӦĺúõҪȥ½صģһΪ۳ʹǰƺ˽࣡
ŶʥҲҪǰ۳īƺͺ伸ͬʱס
׵ͷЩҪһ¡
ʥϣǰ۳ҵȾͲǰˣոյ۳Ǵ˿۳˵ңҵȿҲһ£ԵþͲôҪˡ
俴ףҲ˵Լ뷨
ȷ
ƼΪĲʣǴ˿뿪ǰ۳һ۳ʱĹǶûа
ǰԼǣ۳Ǳ߹ȥɲȥȴأīҲͬ˺
׵ͷţ⵹Ҳǣ
һԵīҪ˵Щʲôջû˵óڣ
׿īһʧӣҲǳȻ᲻ܣȴȥ۳֮󣬱ǰȥʲôΣɺã
īҲǷˣһ츳׿ɲʧȥôһӣ
Ľ᲻⿪ĻһҪڶʱҲǺѵģ
ǵ˺ڣĽ᲻⣬ʱӰĿ»ӵԶ
лʥϣ
īһ׵Ļ˲Ц绨ƺһӷ
ʥϣҵΪð岻壬ΣءοĵӸ
īһҲȰοȻ֪׵ʵǰӦûж⡣
״ȥΪĿīĸף̫ˣ
ʱķͻĻǿ±һȸһ巢ͻʱһôֵܵס󳬼أ
ҲǳʥϣǰĻҵԸ׷ʥǰī廹Щİ
ں֮лвٵѵģ
Ϊ֮жǻϾСѧˮ׼ĸкܶĵҩʲôĶͨںṩġ
ҪǸŹȥĻʱȷǿвСİ
׵ͷǿԣǰ壬ޱȻҲȫ׼һλɷģ
۳Զ룬ȻҪ׼ģ
ʱԼڣ۳Ѵ֮±Թ׻ʳĳǳˡ
Ҳ֪ĿǰԼܹնɱ۳ʵֻҪԼ۳ȷԼ٣Ҳ׵ð
ΪǵĿԼǹ׻ʳץԼĻǵʱԼʼв
Ѳ۳ĵ۾³죬Ҫ
ԣֻҪԼնɱ۳ԲóȻĽ׻ʳһʮֵȷ
ʱԼȥĻɢһЩԼǰ۳Ϣ۳ǰһҲǲҴˣ
ʵﵽһĲΣܶͱúðˣ
۳ȷǱڵĴ׻ʳǿһЩأ
֮ǰĻ۳ֱӽ׻ʳǸʱ׾Ҫʲô˻¶ܵģ
ʥϻҪСһЩһնɱ³飬۳ԲưոݵģīƿףҲǵ
ǰʥϣ۳Ҫʥϣ²һҪԼ֡Ҳǳ
ŶǺǣ۳ݺᣬ˭Ҵ׻ʳĻǱҴ׵ĵˣ
׵˵ɲһµ
ī΢΢һЦʥϺ죬ҵѡ
˵ī۳ʹڴˣҲ̫˰
΢΢ͷɣ޵ҲҪ
īƳ۳ʹߣ
ʵϣײǶʲôԳȤǶ۳Ȥ
׻ʳϾڶ۳ľڣ֪һ۳Ͷ۳ЭĻʱ׶ˣ




2302µ۳
 

۳ʹ߹ž裡
ʵϹžǶ۳ʹ֮⣬һǱǶ۳۾Ķӣ
Ϊɵ۳ڵǿߣž迴ȥʮֵĵ͵
һǰںڣΪԶ۳أصɳ˹žΪ۳ʹߣ
Ȼž۳֮еĵλʮֵĵ£أ
ֻǹžԼҲû뵽ԼոյִڣǳһŸ
ȴʱ䲢ǺܳټĶ۳Ĵ۳֮ʵΪһ۳
Ĵžһ㶼֣
ԭַǷ´˿Ҳʣīƺͺ仹ˣ
ŹžĵīҲ¶һ˿Цݵʵû뵽ȻǰʧԶӭ°
ī˵ﻰףû뵽ȻҲڣ
žЩĿ˿䣬ʵû뵽侹ȻҲڴˣ
Ҫ֪ںһֱǲͣ񿴵ڼһվߣЩˣ
䵭˵ڲӰ
žЦһﻰԽһЩԭǴ㵽֮ǰڣú⣬ñʡһЩ
ЦֺαصأԭҲ¶һ˿Цݣ
ž迴˿ףδ̫⣡
ںڵĵϣѾǿˣһˣҲΪ˻ʲôҪ
ڿӦþڵĳλϵԱѣ
Ϊɵ۳ڵǿߣžѾǽԼĵλīƺͺͬһϡ
Ϊһīҵĵϵȥǰļһк
޿ܣ
ô˵žҲǶ۳λȨأ
īƿŹž赭ȻһЦ֮ǰ֮ἰ֮£һϵе飬ʵǳ鲻
ǰҲˣһλЩ̫˼˰
俴Źž裬Ҳʼ˵
ںȻҲԸ붫۳ˣȻǼ˴׻ʳܲΪ˴׻ʳĴҡɣ
ʵϣ֮ǰҲѾἰ˴£
ûںһվɣ
˵ԺΪ׻ʳܵṩ־裬˶ѣ
˾޴ѣĻҲͬʱ¶˳˴׻ʳʵ
Ļʱ׻ʳпܳΪʸ֮ģ
ⲢҪĽ
⡭λҶ۳˴ǰλһΪ˶ԳĿҲΪСõĻ£
žһһҲƷǳ
Ҫ֪۳룬һû˸׵ľܾģںȻʵҲ۳һӵģ
ֻǵΪԳĿĻ۳ֺںŵأ
ϾνĶԳȻ½ţÿǧһΣɶԳٰôΣҲÿһζô˵İɣ
ŶŹĻ£
īƺͺƺڶ۳¸˽ķǳ
ʵϣɽ絽һĳ̶ȣһûһЩ鱨
ҪȻ֪ɽֵı仯ǵʱҪԴġ
СõĻ£
ž迴īƺͺ䣬ҲûвҴţ
ǿҵҪϲ۾ˣû뵽ľŹҲ޳˰֪ļ﹫д˵ȸڿǼǾŹһһĴŮ
īҲǰ뿪Ц˵һԵ֮Ĩһ˿Ĳ죡
椿ǴӦԼ˵Ҫ޸Լģû뵽ҡͷһ仹Ҫ˰
ڿ˵Ӧòˣûв´Ļ椼޵Ӧþ۳֮ˣ
ڵǲ۳̫³۬ǾͲ˵ˣ
λӦж˰ɣҶ۳۳Ҳʲôˣ
žЩƣʵ˭Ҳó۳һǱ۳ѹˣ
ĻҲͨ۳һ˿ϢĻᣡ
۳Ӵ˭ҵ
³۬ϧ˰
īƿŹž裬Ҳǲ̲˵
īǺ⣿
žԭΪīƵ˼ȥ˵Ļ϶ףĻû뵽ȻĻ
ڿûʲô˼һҵȻûʱȥ
īһεľܾ۳йصĻô黹Ĳȥˡ
һʱĻӵĻ¶ûУ
ȻˣǱˣ
ž迴īһۣҲбһɻ
īƺͺЩģԼܵ衣
ȥ
ž˲뿪ڣ񶫷۳κ˶ܹԼͷˡ
ԭҪѯʹž輸⣬ɿ˵εҲǷˣ
ԼҪȥ۳һˣʱȥ֪




2303Ҫף
 

޲ɢ֮ϯ
֮ʣ
׺һһѸ𣬹˿ƺкܶ໰Ҫ˵û˵
Ȼֱжע֪˼ҲǸѣ
˿ҲһΪҪǿˣ׿Ź˿ʱҲ΢΢һЦС㣬ǵĶעϰɣ
áõģ˿ɫһ죬׸Լ˵ҲЩŤ
ЦŵܹԵټ
ʥϣҪȥīƿףҲЦʵ
Цŵ֪ī֪һΤҵĴڣ
ūгǸΤ𣿡俴Щʵ
һǣǰȥ΢΢һЦ
ΤҾڲǺԶʥҪĻҿԴ·ģ
û뵽ͻȻΤҸȤ
һԵīǵƺ֪һЩʲôҲǺٺһЦʦĪȥΤС㲻ɣ
˿ɫһ䣬ƺûע⵽
ʵϹ˿ԼҲ֪֪֮жѾһŮӢ۵ĸо
һһս۳ʱ򣬸ǲ˹˿ķģ
Ҫ֪ŮӢۣ
˿Ҳ⣬ǹ˼Ļ¶Ҹױˣ
ΤϦ
һȻ˵߲ܣҲǲ֪ӦôܾŮˣ
Ժܶʱ鷺ԼоЩƣ
ղΪʲô˵˿ĶעȡˣΪʵǲЩŮˡ
ⲻںڵոսԼⲻҪͣĸΤ
˵ԼȥΤҶ֪üˣ
Ͼڲô꣬ΤϦ¶ԼǸƭ˰ɣ
׵ͷȥΤңԭҪȥ׵ģ
ۣ
һѪһû
īƺͺ仹ΪʥȥΤҵ鷳أϾΤһֱūг⣡
ȷǷǳ׬ǮȴҲΪ׵ĵˣ
Τʵǿᣬɽ꣬ⱳû֧Ҳǲܵģ
ֻ˽û뵽ΤҵĴСȻʥϺˣ
ΤԺҪ˴׻ʳĳɽ绹˭Ҷأ
ף˵ʦǿЦɣ֮ǰǸΤСˮ𣿡īǾ㵵Ŀʵ
׹һЦˮݣⶼѾǹȥˣȻΤҾ߲ԶĻǵʡˣ
ʥҪĻҵȥ죡
īƺͺ伸ͬʱʵ
װڰֵ޲ȱˣȸˣ޵֮󣬵ʱҵǰ壬׼ɣ
ǣʥϣ
˶ǹͱףȻܶ˵вᣬ֪ŸҪҪȥ
뿪ڵʱ򣬴˴Ԫ൤ҩ
˵ھĵҩ״ˣ
ټṩ˸ʽɱ״˴֮Ҳջķᣡ
ԭҪûǰ壬ڶ۳ʱ£ҲǴٹһȥˣ
ɽ粨ܣ֮е׵ԵΪڣ
ʵĲ˵ҲһܴĲΣ
ǵ۳ı
ȴǷſ˺ܶ࣬۳ֻҪɵʱԲܹȻֱӱ׻ʳģ
׵նɱ³飬ֻܶ۳壬ȴܹǷſԴ׻ʳʵʩΧˣ
Ȼˣһеǰ۳Ͷ۳һ
һ۳ֵĻǵʱ׻ʳ¾Σˡ
ҲΪʲôҪǰ۳һԭһȥĿľֹ۳֣
ٱ֮ǰ
īƺҲǷֱһƣ
ƿκεطڻڵķֵκεԴ
ȻҲû̫ĿǶһЩ
ںȻûѸ¹˳׻ʳҪıǵԴ
λҲѾˣڻһЩɱߵҩṩΪ裡
ֺҲױ˲
ǵʱ׻ʳиʲô̵Ļںչǽ߲
ȥΤңֻϣȥĲҪ̫źã
ΤϦԸ֪ģȻûлԼ׶ΤҲð
ʲôūг׾˾ǻ˷ӣ
ȻûʲôøУǲֵĻѾǹ˼ˣ㻹ָóʲôöֺǲɣ
״뿪Τҵķֱȥ
Ȼ֪ķλʲôطҲѾһš




2304֮
 

½
һܵĵʵںҲ½Ϊҵĵض֮һ
ﱻ˳֮Ϊ֮
֮ĵΪһƬĺ
ԭ֣ǺΪ֮ĵԭֳ׵ı˸ˡ
ںֻ֮ΧҲΪԵĵش
ԽһƬ֮ڰĵط
Τң
֮ﲻΤңɽܶ
֮ǣ
ΤҴڵһƬʵ֮⣬ûĶǹõģ
ֻǲ㵽ʲôطÿһطԼǱ
֮ڣȻ۸ӣҲ˸ҵġ
ʲôط
һƬ֮֮УҲǸоһĲ
Ϊطɭζóɽ֮˸оǼΪĲӦ
ķԺڰǶɱϷ
֮ǣֻ벻Ķȴû㿴Ķ
ɽ֮ǰĹʣһƺ쳣ĸɾ
ʥϣطǱ˳֮Ϊ֮ǣҵһΣ
˿ֿ̣ݵӰҲǳ׵ĸǰ΢΢һЦ
׿ֿ΢΢һ̾طƺЩ̫һЩ
ֿݵͷ֮ɽĳЩ˵һƬŸָˣ塢塢ħȵȣǻڴˣûκε
ûĵطˣüʵ
ô˵ɣƺɽ֮лû֪֮ǵı󵽵˭ףֿҲʼ
Ǻǣ֪֮ǵı˭мǿϵ򱳿۳ͱ۳˭̽鲻
΢΢ҡͷɽ粻˶Ŀռڣ
Ÿôأ
ֿݿЦһ⵹Ҳǣ֮ħȾ˴֮۳ǧ˿Ƶϵط۳йصĻ
۳йأħȾǶĶ֮ǼȻ˳еҲӴĺܣ
׿ſڵֿ֣˵֮ѾǹƳһˣ
͸ղֿݿԵЩûһǱҵ
˵ڰǶɣⶫʵҲǶĵеһ֡
ɽ֮еıȽϵ棬һ㶼Ǵ²ŻĶ
˵֮ǰλϮڵһΣ
ڰǶһ㲻ʲôõطһоѪȵζ
ԵӸڴˣ
Խĵطǳž޴棡
ֿݳһλ˵֮Ǽÿʱÿ̶ɽ֮ǰΪֻҪӵʵʯԵõȵһܣ
еϵ͸ΪĸˣĻǿЩطΪΪˣ۳ʲô鶼Ҫһ֮ǣ¾ͲҪ˰ɣ
̧ͷ˿ֿݣȵطںܶ˵쳣Ŀֲ
Ƕ׺ֿ˵ȴ˺ܶ
ֿЦŵʥϴв׶ѣǵģϤһ¼ɡ
˵ҲǣףֿݣҪͻ˰
׿ֿѾǰֻ̤ɵڣҲֹ֮ͣǵĻ⣬תЦ
ʵϣȱľǳ֣
ʱѾӵ㹻ĵֿһͻƵĻôʵȻȲ۳
۳ȻǿƽƽԸһˣ
ټϷ۳۾Ĺϵ˵ӵж½İڽɽҲΪˡ
ֿݸһЦ»صζѣ̸ʲôͻưȷǸöʵһͻƻС
ŶС𣿡ЩƵĿֿݡ
ֿݹһֵСٵǱһ֣Ǹմ˰ɣĻٻҪǧʱܹͻơ
Сǹ
ҲΪĿģٶ˵ԼѾҪӵλɵڵĳǿ˲
ǰ֮ǰʥΣѣСĻҲЩΣհֿҲǸ̾˵һ䣡
䣡
׸ֿ֮ǵֵķʱȴһӰѾصˤǵĸǰ
׺ֿݵĳ˿ȥֻһ۱׸оһľΪˣ
βһ壡
ôҲû뵽߾Ȼɽ紫֮еľβһ塣
ʥϣ֮ɻľǹ£βһȺ֮ûʥϳְæҲδػʥϵĺð
ֿݶ׵ʾ׻ǲҪˣ




2305¾βһ
 

֮ǣ¥
¥ȥʮֵ£ȴһ۲۵¥Ҳ׳ƵļԺ
˿̣
׵ĽһλӣȥΪ欣
ʱӿȥɫҰףһ˿Ѫ˵Ѿ˲С˺
ֻӵ֮дһ˿֮ɫȥǱȴҲĸԸӣ
üͷ壬ʵֻβ˵ֵó֡
ǵӵһ̣Ժ֮յӣ
գ
λԼİˣҲһ֮мΪСĴھβһεĺøУ
Ȼ֪յ䣬ȻҲлȥѰգ
һ̿յͬ壬ƺ֮ǰڣīĸĸĽϣ
ԼղҲĽ
˿̣һεĻԼҪīͷƺϢϢأ
ðɣԸΪūΪͣ
˵ӿŶ漸ɷ֮ˣҲǵĽ£ԵüΪı΢
ãʲôãǸЦĺܣ
Ϊ׵Ǹ⣬ǳըԵƺڸǰӣǸƤ
֮ǣŵȫˣ
ֻҪ棬ʱضпܷʵ֮ҲĹصģ
ĵֵȻδֹ֣һƺҲط֡
˿ధҪʯһ취ģֻǷã
ǰɣû㣬֮ǣɲǾβӦĵطֻҪŮˣҿɾͲұ֤ˣڻ߾Ļһĳλɿˣǿɾġˣ
Ϊ֮˵ЦԵЩκΧ֮ҲһЦ
ϴβǸƷʱԿһüǮ
˴г˾֮ɫ
ʵϣҲǵù͸֣ԭֻҪѰһЩĲҩѡ
û뵽Ȼ˵ļƣ
ʵϾβһΪ˷ֹЩ˵ΧɱѾǽʾ֭ˡ
ɼǴβЩǿʵǰҲЩ׽ָо
βɽȷһصĴڣ
ΪǵʵʼղǷǳǿɵ۾ľβսҲǷǳĵ£
ǾͨĻ¾βһѾǱ˸ץɾˡ
ΪβһǳƯ˧
Ǵ˵ĳҲòˣľûм˧˰
ԼȳĻµﶼܹзˣʱ򻹲һŮ֣
һ뵽ߣ׻һĶ񺮣
˵ˮһ˿˿ľԿóøǷǳĲ
˿̵ԭǴ㶯ţȴֿݸ
׿ֿݳ̫˰ɣ
ֹӣ֪֮ĳʵ̫ˣûֱӽץѾǷǳĿˣ
ֿݳȻֳǳ
ʵֻֿײҪ¶ѣҪֵĻҲν飡
һ׹ĿΪΤϦΤС㣬ͽ¶˵Ļʱ»ǣܶ飡
ɽ粻ƽ̫̫֮࣬ҪһܵĻ׻ҪҪʲôˣ
ֻֿݲ֪е뷨Ҳ֪˿̵ʵѾ¶ˡ
׿ֿݵţ
ӼȻ࿴űˣֿ֪Ѿ¶ˡ
׿Ǽ˵ֿȻҲǿԸܵĳ
ȻʥѾֿݻʲô˵أ
ǽͱҲν飬ο£¹˭
ôӱﻹǵһμǲҪҿɾͲ˰
ü֮ʣǰһŮ˵ֻȥʮֵĴ̶
ΤΤС㣿Ȼ
û뵽ŮħͷȻ˰β̫˰
ٺ٣СӻǱˣΤϦɧǿˣԺеĺù
һ͵ūгıﰡ
׵Χܶ˶ʼָָ㣡
׶Ҫȥʵ˭Ѿ֪Ů˵·
Τ£
ȻΤϦֻһ֮òƢʲôģƺ˲٣
׸оһĵǣΪһŮӣ֮оȻ͸һаĹâ
ħ֮ˣ
ۿŶΤ£һԵֿƺҲܵ˴ŮĲͬ
ֿݵͷŮħ֮ˣľȻǾŵĹ֮ǵıпħйذ
ֿݶǾŵ磬Ĳд䱻գ۹ȻǶĺܣ
׿Τһĳ˹˵ĸǰ




2306ǽѵ
 

֮¥
ܶΧһԿ֣֮ɻľǶ£
ûʵͶµĻֻ˵ԼԼ̫һЩ
¥Ǳ˵ٳĲҵԸû˸ˡ
Τ£
ȻΤҵĵϵС㣬Ҳִ֪磡
ֻΤ¶ɫЩ߲ܣ˵֮к֮ܶȾ
ĵǶٵ֣⻹û֪
ֻ˵Τ¸ЩǸȡɣ
ΤȻòΤϦĳҲɫټݵλҪҸ˻Ƿǳ׵飡
һ˵ˣ֮оǿʲôδıһ㣡
ǴʱҪĻǼֱǸΤֱӷ
ԣ˿ˣҲõԼûΤҵ˶Կ
Ҫ֪Τ֮֮ʵļ壬һ˻òԸˣ
ЩĿΤ£βһȻ֮Ȼ֪֮һһˡ
ʱʱ̿СΪĲܹԼ
βһɽѾǴһӴһΪСֻмٺ壡
һжΪǵʵʵ̫Сǵ̫ˡ
ٺ٣λ˧ƺЩһΪֻŮ˻ϲˣû뵽˾ȻҲϲ˰
Τ¿ףһ˿мЦݣ
״˿̰ӻˣεǺᡣ
׵˵ҵѣ
ޣղôʱôûͷأҿҪͷβûȥгɣҪΤҵūгȡһЩʯĴŪȥгĻ˵ˣΤ¾ϲˣҲڸ˰
Τµ֮г˳֮ɫ
ɽ֮п³֮֮⣬û˸˵
Ͼף
⽲ͬʱҲýװɣ
ٺ٣ΤС㣬ʲô˰˵ȷһˣΤСŪȥĻˬգ
ԭ¥֮˿ΤƺҲȤ
Τ¿һˣָĻ˵ŵƹ˵ģҵҪ¥أû񰡣
ΤСϲĻԺ¥һĽ
ƹΤ£Ҳ¶һ˿Ц˵һһ͵ģ
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ƹҿɴ˰ǽܰ˵Ļһúõķ̷
Τӣ˸оһĲֱӣ
ЩĿΤ£Ů˾ȻҲΤҵˣ
һЩ֪ĻΤϦЩ̫ðˡ
һ֮ǣս飬Լ֪Ӧ˵Щʲôˡ
ٺ٣СӣΤСĻӦ˰ɣǸ¥үһӵĻǡ
ƹһЦʱȴѾǽĿһԵϣ
˿Ҳһֹ
˿ﻹо׵˭أ
׿˳ӣ˵ɣ벻ã
룬ҵȻ밡
˿ףСһĵͷ
ֻ֪⼸ǲܵ飬¥ʲôطʵ̫ˣ¥
Լߣܳȥ
ٺ٣үӿȥЩ̫һЩΤƺ׹֮
ƹһߣҲǻðɣ
Ҫ֪֮ǣ˭ܹܵ˱˵ƺͿأ
¥֮ǿɶͷ˲ܹĵط
ǰСӾȻԼҪ˼Լã
ⲻǻĴԼ
ţɱǣ
֮Ǿ֮ǣһԲϾɱˣɽҲǺѼġ
Ҫ֪ɽ磬һķкͳеܵıġ
֮ǰڷУ϶ǿԱ֤ȫġ
̫ţ˳ǿߣһ¾Բڷеġ
֮ǾͲһˣ˵ɱɱκεĻᰡ
ƹһŭһ¥λɻʾǿߣ
¥ǸЦѲɶӭˣԺ¥𣿡׿ŷƹҪֻ֣ǵһЦ
ţƹֱһֹͣƣЩĿ׵ǽѵģ
ǰ̬֮ʵ˸оͬһ˰
ǰԼƺֵǮһ㣡




2307º
 

¥ſڣ
ųƷүҲһЦݵĿףҲǴһ˿֮ɫ
֮ǰЩ˵ĸо
¥ѷǳĸߣ˵Ǹߵһֲĵز
Ĺһ˹ɫ֣ҲŲ治ǣ
ǿͣ
ү֪ǲ׵ĵ˼ң̤̤ʵʵ׬˼ҵʯĺˡ
Ҫ֪¥һ£һϵƷʯ
ҪƷŮӣǸǼ۸񲻷ƣ
ղ˲˵Ҫ˽
βǿǼƷеļƷ˵ģ˵˵ļ۸ǻ㿪
һ˵ҪȥѣӦҲΪ򻶵ĵһˣ
үܲЦأ
ʱǴܹʯĻȻʯȥˡ
һ˵ĻǵʱʰҲ٣
Τ¿ŷүɣԭϳһ˿ŭ֮ɫ
ʲô˼
Τ¿ŷүҲŭȻҲû뵽ȻôĲԼ
΢΢һЦ˵ΤС㣬¥⣬ǿͣҷܲܵǵĹͰɣղλ۲ʶ̩ɽѡ
ߣΪ˵ʯ㾹ȻҪˣ
ΤĻ˿̿ŷҲһŭݣ
Ҳǲգƺ̬ѾϰΪˣΤºٺһЦΤСҲѵĻȻм˰
㡭ΪҲ𣿡
ΤǸŭԼȻһڣϾǸŮˣ
ѾΤҶ棬Ǹһ¥ѵĻǵʱЦɾִ˰
˿̱˵Ĵ̼Ҳһᣡ
˵ľյȷΤЩĻŭţ˵ϲѾһԸӵĵز
񿴵ӣȻͣ
ԣ˿̿ųְ˵׵ΪĲˬ
׿һ۶˵ӣǽȥɣøøһʶ
ø˵˭أ
Τŭգ֮˭ôԼ˵
ǶķҲҵ˵ĳԼɣ
׵˴ҡڵĳ˽ȥΤƺЩԥƺֵס˵ջ৵һ³˽ȥ
һʱ䣬Ⱥ֮ҲһƬȻ
Ҳǳ׵סˣôҲû뵽Τ¾ȻΪȻƵľٶ
¥Ĵ֮У̻Ի͡ԣ
һǳϢܹѵ˲ʯĶ࣬ʵҲǷǳǿᣡ
վڴ뻷ܣΤҲǸ˽֮Ҳ¶һ˿֮ܵɫ
أ
Ȼ֪׵˭֪ǰԼģ
Ѿǹܲ˵ʲôĿˣԼòΨһҪ飡
ڽ׷ʲô飬Ҳܲˣ
ֺαżأ׿ʾҪżתŷ΢΢һЦ¥Ȼ¥֪ôշѷأ
һλӾǳͣ¥Ĺһǹɫ㣬ɽ綼ܹŵŮ
ǿɾĴˣҲǶԼĹȽϵţ
һļ٣Ҳ֪ûжλӵĻԼһëˣ
ڼͷҪˣҲҪס
ȭͷ߬¶ӣ׵ǵȻʵȻѾ֪ǵˣ˵ɣ
ٺ٣ƷʯλһΣǾβǿǼƷеļƷƷʯֱͯ۰
һ˿Ц⣬ƷʯһŮˣ
һ£ƷʯһϣһƷŶƷʯ
ƷʯǮ
һ۸ûһϲ
ԼղŻҪԼأһ϶Ʒʯˣ𻹲һ
һ뵽Լ¥֮Уһı
ߣˣҪҪˣλӵĻ̤¥ʸ¶ûУ
ҲǳˣƺŲм
ʵβһҪʵûʵҪʯûʯ˳಻һЩһǴ
ӣһϣҸƷʯֻҪ⣬
Τ¿Ц˼˿ЩĵĿˣ
ǵüͷʱЩˡ
ΤұûУʯǾǴа
ΤС㣬ܹõĻ˵ţԹԣԥһճ
Τһ㶣漴ŷʵ٣
𣿣һڰɣ
һЩ˵ĶУü˶Ǵ




2308ȦķΤ
 

һڣ
Ļڳе˶һ
һƷʯʲô
ܹ֮۸˶ǳǳ٣ΤΣ
ȻΤҿõóΤ֪ΤôóһڳһԼصأ
ѲɾΪԼϲһˣ
˵ģΤԼᷢ
ˣ
ʮ˿ΤҲóôƷʯõģ
ѿһ˿ЦΤС㣬ĳ֪ΤеʯһڶΤ˵ҲʲôĿ
̼
һڲϵĴ̼Τ£Ҫ֪ܹóһڵĻ¥һ׬ˣ
ʵҲ˵˵ѣҲ֪Τ¸óôǮ
ɧҪˣûԣ
ҲֻܹԹԵվǱ߿ţղɧǲԼ
ֵԼˣҲǷǳĿ찡
һһڣ˰ɣ
Τ´˿˵ЩڳԵĸоˣһڶ˵ֱˡ
Τ֮ǱȽǮˣҲֻһǧҵƷʯѣ
ǰԼ˿¶̸ˣ
һЦΤС˵ﻰһڵļ۸ɲ߰¥ֻǵڶߵļ۸ѣ
ߣֱǳ룬겻Ҳ𣡣
Τ¿һԵף֮ҲΪƣ
˿Τ£ҲǱʧ䣬ԼȥҲòǮ
֪ԼһοǺѳˡ
βһҪһڵƷʯҲǼܵġ
Ҫǿ°ԼõĻ֮ƺӵĲܣ

˿̵˸оһĪľ֮飬۾찼ȥˣ
λӣǴҪأǴͼһأ
ν˵ֱӽĿΪ㣬һĿԻеġ
׬ƷʯҲǺõİҲûָ˻ˣ
׵˵ϲһݣȻ˵ĻȻˣֻ¥ļ۸ЩˣܹһЩĻҵǿԿǣ
㡭Ҫˣ
Ȧˣ
ԼһԭΪ۸Ļ˿϶ŵñӲǱӣˣ
ôҲû뵽˼Ҹ˿ĲɫԼּۻ
ΤȵĻǰƺȥΪĿһЩ
ôղŲ˵ĿԵ𣿡׳
̵ɡԣȻ԰
УװʲôβǣҿǷˣ˵ĻҲţҿǱ˸ˣ˰ɡ
Τµһ˿𾪣ܿˣ
ǰ˴ľΪһԼǱﲻסĻ
׻Ů
Τʵ̫߿Լˣ׳ִΪβһѣ
һڣ˵Ǻܶ࣡
ڵ׸ɵйһڶ˵С˼
ο¥Լһڣһھôõ
ֻΪ˱򻶵İȫǱȽϲ˵֣
λӣҷɲϲ˸ҿЦ֮Ҳû˸ҸҷЦ
ɫһ䣬Ȼ֪ǲܵģһ˼Ǵ˵ĻԺ˵׼¥Ĵͻأ
⣬Ĵ˶˵ĻԺôأ
ĳҲϲЦǧƷʯһԸ壬Σ
׿ŷҲֱˣ
һԵǧƷʯʱԭѾǻɵ֮Ҳֳһ˿⣡
˵˭ΪʲôҪԼҪԼߵõʲô
˵ͷ鼱֮£Բ˵Ļҵģ
ǧ򣿡
һʵǧҲѾˣ
Ҫ֪Ҳ֮вģĿǧļ۸ȥĻǻȥʲôأ
յļ۸ҲߵȥģڼĳɵĻʱ»֪ûǧأ
ֻȻܹһȥһ㰡
׿ŷ˵˻һص㣬ΪʵģȻͻ֣ǧѾеռ۸ˣҲһŮ˶ѣǧļ۸ѾǷǳˣ
ܹ̽׵ĻǡҿʾһǼ
Ҳһۣû̴Ӧ
׿ŷ˵޷һʱ֮ڶЧ
ǧļ۸ѾһԵΤĿɿڴôҲû뵽ԼȻһǮ
˿̣׵֮г˲м֮⣬ȻҲǶ˳һݾ֣
һԵҲЩ΢΢ʵǲһܹóǧƷʯܹԼã
ŷȥӣһʱ䣬Щ




2309²ӣ
 

¥Ĵڣ
˶׵˿ȥһԵΤȴԼ
ǰ˾ԲóǧƷʯһɵ˰ɣ
ȴȥקĸһļһ
˴˿̿ףгɻ
ȫȷǣԼʶһԲʶ
ǰһѾ̸ż۸ˣҲƭ˵ġ
֮ǰ˵һһϷˣ˷ô³ܹõʲôطأ
ֻ벻ͨǣΪʲôһȻҪԼأ
֮ǣѲ֮ǵ˻˵Ĵģ
ǿǧƷʯоһĿֲԼüһҲֵܼôʯ
ͷȱʲôȱľ·ˣ
ʱһһĹȥ
ʱһѾǳ˹
ħڣ
׵һۿһʱͷһĹǴͳĹ
ħѾӹɵˣ
ֻû뵽ɽ磬ȻһƬܹħ֮˵ң
ٳݵ
֪˭һ¥˶Ϊ֮Ŀ
Ϊ׵ǸӻһܣڷĴҲǳ׵ķ˹
ֹӣӭ֮ͣ
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һԵķѵ٣λ¥Ķңٳ
ٳ
׿ȥ̲⵹ЩԾ
Ҫ֪ԼݣڼǳȥǰӦ
֮ǣԼܹݵݵˣǲ
ԽģԽܹܵóǰԼͲ֮˵ĵʹݣ
֮ǰҵϷ뽲飬ֹǵһ֮ǣ
翴ףҲЩɻʵ
׵ͷǵһΰɣƺûκεĹϵɣ
ǵȻʵһڵļ۸񲢲ߣҿֹǵһ֮ǵķϣҽѣǧǧ򣡡
ô˵ͺԼ˶Ŀһ㣬ʵҲЩ˷ܣ
ǧƷʯǿǷǳˣ
˵ĻҲֱӽԼٳˡ
ףƺҪ׿׵һ֮ǣûʶ
۾ǱתţҲ֪һûбʲôƨ
˵⵹飬һǲµĻԼҵͷء
ˢ
ײδ̫ʵҲ
¥Ǯ˵Ļǵʱ¥أ
ܿ죬ͽ׵ĿùȥˢֻǼӵʱһε۷˻
ʱҲǴһ˷֮飡
ٳˣ˷ܵĿ
ˬʵһЦֹӣ룬еѶҵϣԺ¥ѣһۣ
Ҳ˷ܲѣ֮ץһβû뵽Ȼ׬ǧƷʯ
µȥĺأ
͵ĿŷһﵹһصĺӰ
׿絭˵ˣ
ŷŷţ̾ͷţֹӿҪСһЩ֮ǿɲرİȫֹܹס¥Ļ絹ǿԱ֤İȫ
֮͸һ˿в֮⣬֪ˣһȫһ۲۵Ĵ
׻˵úãƲ¶ף
֮ĵطѾֱˢǧƷʯⲻǵ˵Լһ
׿ٳˣϲǲϲҵɣ
ӣ
˿λ֮ǵٳһӣ
Ȼ˵ĻĳҲͲȰˣ֪ǴӺζ֮ʲô鰡
֮һḬ֮̃ɫһϾԲӵǧƷʯô򵥰
ٳй𣿡׵̬ʼմһ˿İ
ɫһû뵽һﾹȻôĲԼӣ
ֹҪţ֮ĳܹ˵ϼ仰ģֹӸӵĻ
ٳǲˣɫһ
¥⣬ͯ۵ģȻ˵ҪȻҪˣ
Χ¶Ѿ˲½˼֣ǿסԼ
һԵķܿı㽫Ǹ򻶵ľβ˳
߰ɣǣ
״˺򻶾ôҡڵ뿪¥κ˵Ӷûи
һʱ䣬¥Щըˣ
ǻǵһο˸ҲλٳӰ




2310еµ
 

֮ĳ¥
ַǷȺŽζ
ƺκεطпܷʲôͻһ㣬¥ƺǳĿƣ
֮ǵЩҵܶ඼ܵģ
Ļ֮ǵˮִأ
ֻ¥Ͳˣ
״˺Ҿ¥ԿóƺЩ֮ӣ
֮ǰĴ֮󣬴ʱһֱСèһ㣡
Ȼ֪ԼΪʲôͻᱻųˣ
¥ĳ֮У
ܶ˿򻶵ӣһҲǴߵģܶһԴ˿ڣ
׵ƺδЩ˸ţֻǵȻĸ˿ʼ˳Էˡ
ֹӣлĴ£û
˴˿ҲΪ˸л֮Ҳ֪Ӧ˵Щʲôˡ
¥֮еȻκɻû˸ھ¥µġ
Ȼܶ˶ҪϷ򻶣ƺסˡ
׿΢΢һЦֲл
ֹӣ֪ûԵ޹ʵİͺޣȻҲİɣ
˿ףǰ˱֮֮ǰ¥ǰһҪúܶ˲
򻶾ôףŵЩҴ
ǰԼ˵˭ʲôĿģ
ʱ˺뼸һģһģ
ֻԼĸѾʼѯʣȻͷĶȴϸˣ
ҾǣȻҲҪѯһЩġЦŵ
ѯһЩ飿
ЩͷԵĿףǧƷʯֻΪѯһЩ飿
ɵԼ˸ɵأ
׿˵ֲҪҲ²⣬ûз֮ǰȷβһһЩϵԽ쿴ѣҲųֵģ
׵Ľȥû̫˵һԵ˺򻶸ǵɴ۾ף
˳ֹӾǽΪһЩ飿⡭ⲻܰɣ
һԵҲǿ׵ֹӣлľ֮ˣҪȡҵ޻˵䱻¥ǰ裬һ֮ˡֹҪǾβĻȰİɡ
Ǿβһ⣿Ǻǣʲôֵ𣿡׷ʵ
ҡ
򻶺˼ͬʱƿԣ
˵˼ҳֱǧƷʯβһǵ֮⣬ҲûκζôֵǮˡ
Ȼ˼ҸȱԼߵ棡
Ҫѯʲôأ
˿ֹӣȻ˵Ҫѯ⣬ǲǻش֮Ϳˣ
ţȻ׵ͷ
ãȻ˵ĻֹӾʰɣ֮⣬һ֪޲޲
˿ףҲǳ
Ѿ̶ˣҲ֪˼ֻѯԼĻӦòʲô򵥵ˡ
ԣҲֱӽԼĵ߸͸¶˳
˺һı飬ЦЦشͻش𣬻شҲν
С£
˺򻶶Щ±ˣĻǧƷʯĪЦģ
һѲɾǴ˵еԩͷ
˺ܾòô£ϵıѾǸ׺ֿݣѾҪڶˣҲСˣ
򻶿ף˵ֹӣʣ
ԥһҵܼ򵥣֪ǾβһûһյŮӣ
գ
˵֮һ˿ԥ֮ɫȻװĺ񣬿׿óһ˵ģ
ûû˵
򻶿ף˵Щն˵֮ԥ֮ɫѾǳ׵ĳ
ǺǣҲûκεĶ⣬ֻǵҪûˣ
ҲΪ˾βһ壬յģ
ɽô꣬Ҳһһٻһûҵ
һ֮ǣԭֻҪΤף˶ѣ
˺򻶵Ļյ飡
ֻڿˣȻҲװʲô鶼ûзһɣ
ֹӣҡû˵ҲЩͰ͵˵
׵˵ҾλֻǻԵɺϣλȻʶգΪҪ˵ʶأ
Ĳ֪ʲôղյġ
򻶴˿̿ڳˣֻʱҪѾЩˡ
ˣȻ˵ĻҾͲλˣ
׿˺򻶣Ҳûڶ˵ʲôѾԼļƻ
Ȼǲ˵ֻиȥյڲβһˡ




2311ΪǵĻȸ
 

벶ȸں
˺һ·ҲСˣǲ֪ǵ˿ɲֹһ
׺ֿȻ˵ˣǵĿӦΪģ
˺򻶲֪ǣǵ֮г׺ֿ֮⣬Ȼһ
磡
һ׵뿪¥ʱѾ׷
˵Ŀɲֹһ֮⣬Ŀ궢˾βһϣ
ֻҲû뵽Ǹֵļһھ֮󣬲ûԼãǷˣ
׺ֿȻõʱҲЦ
ٳһȻûаʲôİ
ҲǸĶ֮У˿̵λָţĿľΪ˽βһ׵һ򾡣
ղ¥ʱʵѾҪֽ׵£
Ƿˣһ¥Լ׬ǮĲҵ֮һﶯֵĻԺ˸
ʯԽԽù
ԣҪɣҲҪѡһõĵط
ڻˣ˳ˣ
Ҳû뵽ľȻôÿ죬һ·׺ֿݵˣҲ쳣⣡
һ뵽Լܹץܹβһһ򾡣б̵ӣ
翴ŷдһ˿Ϸ밡û뵽ĲԻǶԵİһҾ֪ûôģû뵽Ǹ뵽һȥˣ
ǧƷʯ˻Ǯ֮ǰǸһſҿˣҹٻһڵƷʯ
ҲĵĿ磬ʵǺǿȾǸ˻
һֱϲΪһ쳣Ļ磡
ͱһΣΪ˺Ͳ
׵˵ľĺܿߵһλǰ涢ţǺЩ˶յģ
翴ŷЦŵϷ밡һεɹˣʱپԲܿġ
ٳһ߾ȫٳ
ĻҲǴ˼Ѫһ˷ܣ
һûа
⡭»ûд˺ܶ˶֪һҹӦ֮ǵ˰ɣ
磬Ĳ֪׵Ǹʲôģ
֮ǰûмˣӦǸɣ
һСආǻûбҪôʦڣ˳ִ󷽣ȻҲҪˡ
֮Ȼȥһڣɽ糬ĻҲ׵ĵˡ
ˣˣǸֵҿĺܣʱȻɱˣ˭֪Ǹɵأ
ٳԼǰ
Ҳһƨģﻹ˵Ǵʲôط
ɽ֮Уľ֣
ֻҪ㹻棬ǴʥɽΣ
ܹõԷ棬ǿɹܲô࣡
Ǽһʵһ㣬ɾڶѣһԵǸϼһҿЩܸоʲôط
翴ŷҲǳ
üͷٳ˵ҶˣǸһЩļһƺҲʲôط
ûоĸǾŵĳ˺أ翴ŷʵ
΢΢ҡͷٳҲ֪ҡҸûмħڵĴܡ
̾һӦòǣǾŵˣô᲻ԱأҾ´ˮ
ٳһǾŵ˵ĻǸٳʦͬˡʱҲǸʶǾŵˣֻܹǵùˣ
һЦʱʲôŲŵˣ
Цһ˵ҲǣҾڶ࣬ʱʲôͻܵȥҲɣҲΪ
Ұο
Ұοһ֮Ҳˬ
оԼҪľǾҵβһڵأȻץ˻ȥüǮ
ģоԼû̫Ĺϵ
˺һɽʱǵӰѾûɽ֮У
βһ壬ǿĻúܶ˸֪ǵʲôط
ֻǻβһĻȻǿ󣬿̫Ǩ㣬ȥҲǸѵ
̤Ьٴȫѹû뵽βһȻǵƤӵ£һαٵҪܣ
翴ҵһ˳
ǸƺЩǸε˵ٳβһҵˣɡһˣ
ʲôˣˣȲһˣβĻ˵
˿۷ŹĿǸӣ֮һ˿ļ֮ɫ




2312¾βһΣ
 

βһ壡
˿̵˺򻶻֪Ѿ˶ˣ
һ֮ǰǵǸֹӣʣµһ˱ǣ
ʱľβһĻѾƻԭЩβһ֮һ羪֮һ㣡
˺򻶴˿ѾǱ˾βһ峤֮أ
ʱ
һλվһʯĸǰʳ׿
ǵͣȴȻһʤյĸо
۾ֱǹǣ
ƣ
βһ峤ҲβһΪǿĴڣ
ʵѾǴﵽɻʾĺڣֻһܹɻʾĲγΪɵۼǿߣ
ǾβһܹӵһλɵۼǿߵĻôǿҲ˵˹ˣ
ɻɵۣ
Ȼֻһ֮ȴѾǧˣ
Ҫ֪βһѻɻʾ֮ǰνĻû̫Ĺģ
ǵɻʾȹЩǿȣҲЩ׽⣡
ǵɵ۾磬һнòͬ
ľβһΪʲôһֱڴˣΪľ峤гһͻɵ۾磬ǵȺ»ع鵽һǿߵ֮У
ֻɻʾҪ̤ɵ۾Ѷǿ֪ˣ
ô꼸ǱŲβһҲˣ
һ˺ʵҲ͵ܳȥģһܳȥһûлص
˺ʧٵһ̣ƵҲᵽɤ棡
ԤƺǷˣôľβһĵطǱ¶˵ĸǰ
ʵҲھβһ˵飬ĳˣǧҪصأ
ֻ˺ΪѾǷŹԼˣҲܾ֮ľٶ
Ȼ˺һȷԼûб˸٣ǵʵôܹЩԵЩǿᲢأ
ˣһҲûз֣
ˡ򻶣ǿ֪
ƵĿ֮дһ˿ŭ֮ɫһпѾǳ˾βһ壡
ȻҲĸʺܵͣɸٵҲվᷢģ
ͨ
˺˼ͬʱƵĸǰ
˵ɴ۾峤ˣҡöθô
ߣЩȷûйϵ𣿡
֪ܹ׵ҵطҸ˺ǰŽźţ֪˵ĴڸǾѲκεĹϵģ
⡭ˣ
ֻ֪βһƺ˱ʣ֪˭ǱƻβһĻ
վƵԱߵһλӵžյŮӵȻ˵峤ˣǰӦ֮ǵٳˣ
磿
˵ɫһ䣬ȻʶҾ֮ǰոռ棡
һԵֵʱɫҲһĲҰף
ǵĳ嶯ع˸Żˣ
׷ʲô飿˽ܳأȴˣ峤ôܹǣ
Ƶɫ˿Ҳѿ˼㣬ֳһĨ֮ɫ
ʿˮ峤ˣҡ֪ˣҸ򻶳ȥ֮򻶱ץˣȻ󡭡
˵ţ˾ͽԼ֮ǵ򵥵˵һ飡
ˣǧƷʯôɵⲻϷҪǾβһһ򾡵Ϸѣ㡭ǡ
ƵؿЩó˿쳣
峤ˣڵĵ֮ɲ˵Ҫ취һ󱻹ƵĻβһѪ¾͡
ǸյŮƣҲЩǵ˵
֪ܲأҾβһֻһڣΪЩ˳ȥһĵطû뵽ȴԸ
̾һҲǴһĨ֮ɫ
Ŷˣһ顭
Կó˴˿ϳ˺ڣƺʲôӲͷƤ
飿˵
Ҳ޼ƿʩ˺򻶵ʱ޲ýһֱӴźã
ľβһѾͷôʲô
ǡǸǵֹơƺʶ峤˿ŶǸŮҲǵ
ϡʶգ
ƿ˿ԱߵŮӣҲЩɻʵ
յɽ֮Ҳǵ˾βһ壬Ҫ֪βһѾ̫̫ûзˣ
Ƶʱһ˾˸ŮҲûʧһ·ҲǸ߸ͽ
ѾΪβһ峤ˣ
ֻǵ˵ĻʱѾ˫Ҳȥ鼫Ϊļƺʲô˼һ㡭




2313ҷ
 

ˣ㡭ղ˵ʲô
յɫٿһ±ɫ˵鼤Ըӣ
ֵģʶԼģ
һӾ뵽һˣף
ǣƵӣһǳ
Щţɽô꣬һֱڵȴ׵ĵ
ǵһ̣׾ɽƺкһξ룡
ֻû뵽ھȻ׵ϢҲ֪⵽ǲģ
˵ĻҲЩ
һԵƺÿ˼ӣҲһ֣
Щ㵵ʵСգ㡭ôˣ
Ҳǵ峤ǸһʱǶ˵˲ʶ
ǡǸ˽ʲô֣ǲǽף
տ˼еʵóƺں֣
ƿʵףƺ˵Ҽǵ֮ǰ˸˵ˡ
峤˵տҲǼʵ
̫ǵˣǾβһ岻Ѿܳʱˣ֮ǰҵȷ˵һΣֻǲ֪ǲ׵ˣ
ƶ鲢ģΨһĵĿ¾ܴܲɻʾԽɵ۾ˣ
ĿԿԽεĻپβһ岻ôı˲
ˣǡǸ˳ʲôӰһεתˡ
ԥһ峤˵˵ɣһͨˣ˵ҪʲôصĻǡǾʻǲҿȥǳᣡ
ƿյСգ⵽ô°
峤ˣҷ֮ǰڵλһλ־ͽףҡпܾҵķˣ
յɫߣһҲЩ˼
ʲʲô
ƺһԵӶˣôҲû뵽ڷ֮ǰѾǸ˱ˡ
˾Ȼһ壡
Ҫ֪ɽ磬ĸһԵ
ҷңѾ˵λˡοҷΪǫȴʧţҴδڼ޸
˵֮һ˿˿ĳ֮飡
գ˵㣬粻һͼλѣѾɽˡǸ֮绹һţǵɽأ
ƳȻҲǲպǸʲô׵ӣ
˵Ǿβһ弫츳һı˹ȥβһȥδأ
Ѿ˵ʱ峤λôգû뵽ԼŮȻһ£
Ҳǵ峤ҡҲ֪飬֮ǵ峤ѾǹҾβһ壬˿Ҳ޼°
ҡҷģĻǡǾβһоˣ
նһţȻҲ֪ɽ粻ܱȣ
ǾԼķǳԼķ޵һĴڣ
ͽģԼķԼоˣ
ɵѾͷ
΢΢̾һԼŮ̫ˣ
Ҳ˵ģһ֮˻ȥβһ壿
οʲôβһѾǱ֮ǵΧסˣԼΣڵϦ
ʱǸСӿ˵ΣĹǣ
Ʋţɽ綼Ƕթ֣
ο屾ǲȺ壬֮Ҳˣ
峤ˣҡҷĺģ
һεǿһ㣬һ˿֮ɫȥ쳣ľ
֮ǰǴûзģ
գβһ嶼òǻ۲Ĵڣ
˿ʱ̬һΪһˣվȻʧ̬ˡ
ҪǴȥĻûܹʵ
̾һСգǿɽֲǲ֪ο֮ǰǸʲô׷𣿡
ûûء
Ҳһ㶣漴ҡҡͷ
΢΢ҡͷǰɽҲô꣬ȥ֮ǵٳʲôӦ֪İɣ
⡭֪ɡҷˣҲǵģ
˵Ѿû̫ĵȷ׷ɽ磬ɽĵȼӵϿ
ˣʱһ˵£ҲԸ⿴鰡
¡
Ƶ˵Żʱ򣬴˿βһĻһξ޴𵴣

Ƶ֮һƬ֮ɫһ˵ɫƺҲǷ˾ҵı仯
ȻӦʲôǸе־ˣ




2314طȼվѪ
 

βһ壡
ƵıһԵҲǾֲѣ峤˶Ѿˣοأ
մ˿̻ƺ׵Ϣ棡
ֻǵ⼸ֵʱҲ˲ˣ
֧Ų̫ˣСգԸȥһһɣ
Ƶı֮дһ˿ľ֮ɫһ˿ϣˣ

֮֮Ϊֵϣ
ÿ˵ʵѾﵽɵ۾ĳڣ˾˵֮ǳΪˣ
綯Ȼб
ô˿һɷף֪һΪǣβһΣ֮У
ͨ
˺һεĹǵᣬȥûڲѣ
ưڰֵҾβһдһ٣Ҳֲǣˣ׼׼ɣ
峤ˣ⻤ҲƾܹƵ˵İɣ
յ˶ǿƣƺоһ˿Ѱ
ֻʱ⣬໹ܹ֧һʱҵʱ䣬ûɵ۾ĸֵĻһĺģһλɵ۾ĸ֡
Ҳ֪յ֪Щ˵ģȻ֪ǾӦ֪ɵ۾ǿζʲôˣ
峤ˣҾβһܴѣҵȻ峤ͬˣ
ҲǴȻ˵ƺ˵ʲô˵飡
ֻԭδвģ׵Ϣ֮һ˿˿Ĳѣ
֣ǳǿʱ𣿱ҾβһѪҪģѾʱȼѪʮΪǵӮȡһ˿
Ƶı쳣ľȻг̫̫Σ
ܹţ˭Ըȥأ
οβһѾǵֱپֵĵزˣܵ˵شȻ峤Ը⿴飡
ȼѪʮ󣿣峤ˣûκĻᰡȼѪط򲻵ѵʱԲܹõİʮ
Ȼ֪νȼѪʲô
ʮ
˵ģΪһȼѪȻٳɶʱڵȼգ
Ϊ͸֧ԼʵȻ˵Ҳط
ط˵ɱԵΪһʵʩǾûκλͷ·ǿ·ҲǺѾȵˣ
ϵıѾǸһԵ˺򻶣ˣ
峤ˣҡȥƴˣҸµģԸǵ
˺һεĹ£һղ˵ĻѾǳ׵ķˣ
ƴλɵǿߣʲôȥƴ峤Ѿˣǣ
Ƶ֮дһ˿ļᶨ֮ɫ˵ûа취İ취
а취Ļ˭ֻԸôأ
ȼվѪ
ȷǾβһططĲпԾûлͷ·
һȼվѪʱȷǿʹʮ
ʮڶʱڿ˴һȻ״̬֮УʱܹӳȥٵˣǾҪǵ컯ˣ
Ҳұ֤Լ˵ܹӳȥ٣
峤βһϣܹĻβһ϶Ǳˣ
˶ΪᣬôԼһˣ뻹ܹȫһܹӳȥˣ
Щ˶ܹӳȥӳȥǶβһ˵ҲǱһ˿帴˵ϣ
˵ΣյѾȻ£
û뵽ƽʱһֱϸ峤ˣ֮¾ȻȻľٶ
˵жĻԼûˣ
һСգҾβһɴ˴ѣܹӳȥĻǧҪű𣬻ŲܹԵ֪𣿡
ĸס
һڲں峤ˣԭЩǿԼΪŮ
һֱǺ峤ˣǺΪĸף
ˮ
һ֮ϻĶˮ˵˿ľƵΰ󣡣
ȼԼ츣ˣ
ǻԼҲһܹ˶̵ʱܹõɣ
˿̣
βһĻһһֵĴݲУ
еľβһ̾Ǿ֮һ㣬峤Ķ֮ǰѾǾۼ̫̫ľβ
ǵϴž֣ȴҲһ˿֮ɫ
䣡
һ޴ı֮ԭɽƵľβһһ̳׵˵ĸǰ
ӰѾǳ׵Ľβһظ




2315޳ܵٳ
 

峤Ķ֮ǰ
βһ˿ǰǰɷ֮ˣǵ֮ж͸һɾ֮ɫ
ԭľβһǣôҲû뵽ѻ˵ͻȻ˵ң
ٳҾβһ֮ǾˮˮǺ⣿
Ʋǲʶ磬ֻ粢ʶƶѣ
Ǻˣ
翴ƣǷһ˿Цݣ
һ벶ȸںȸȻûץסֻ룬һѵĲˣ
˾βһ峤ƣƿ
˿̣վ˵ĸǰ
ƺǵβһһؿ
ԭ峤ٳһûʲô˼¥ǱȱһЩɫŮӣ峤ҺĻǱٳԱ֤ǵ˾Բµģ
ϳֳ޾̰֮ɫ
˵׬ȡʯΨһĿģɽŻħڣʲôĹǶҪԴģ
ЩϡȱԴ֮⣬еԴǿʯģ
֮ǣ
˲֪ʵ֪ķǳħɽĳ׬ȡʯһط
ǳĸӣֻֻ֪֮һ֮ǣ
ǲ֪ν֮ǲΪһĵط
㡭޳ܣ
Ҳû뵽羹Ȼ˵޳ܵĻ
һЦ峤ΣҿԱ֤һٿ׬Ʒʯ
ҡҪɱ㣡
ƵɫһƬ࣬ΪһŮˣ˵裬вŭأ
֪Լ㲻˵Ķ֣
ɱңٳվ߸ɱҵҪβһʲôʱôˣɻʾڣȷͦ˵ģ
Цֹβһǳʵǿĵ䷶
ɻʾڵǿߣɽȷǿֲĴڣ
ȴ⣬οһΪ˽βһһ£Ǵ֮ǵֵܣ
ΪľǱ֤һʧ
Ѿ̶ȣƵв
һǰĻҪĵԼİΣˣһĿǼʮλĸְ
ʵ֮ˣҲǴﵽ𾳽ĺڣ
ݣԸССľβһѾǴ´ˣ
ٳαظ߾أֱ²𣿡ϴٺһЦ
ǰٳЩβһĿɶǼƷﰡʱҲֵֺֺܼǣ
ͬʱЦּµվɵۼǿƺҲǺѵֵס
βһȻ󣬵ߵҲжŵģԭ֮ǰץסǸʲô򻶣ٳǴһõģֻǱǸֵĸˣ⵹һ¡
翴ҲǹһЦ
һԵķٳһοǷ˰ҸղŴԵһ£پβһ֮ˣŮռķ֮Ƕ¥Ļµʱ¥Ҫɽ˰
ٺ٣ٳȻ֪ʱ¥һ¾׬ƷʯˣΪɽ׸Ҳָտɴ
ҰҲǼֻҪӵ㹻ʯ
¾ʵٴεҲܹ𽥵ıǿˣ
οǵıħΪǿžţһ˵ĹͣʱھŵĵλˮǴ
һ뵽ߣ嶼Щ̲ס΢΢
˷ܵµһ״̬
Σ
ƵҲǷһ˿˿Ц˼ֱ޳֮
Ȼû̫İ취һռɱУǾȼԼľѪʹβһıʮ
ʮֵܹʱ䲻ֻһĹ
һĹԼܹӳȥˣڵʱܲӳȥֻܹԼ˵컯ˣ
Σ峤ʱѲƤԿڴͶҿԱ֤û£㻹Ҫ翹Ļǿɲˣҿɲһϲִݻ˰
ٺһЦҲ¶һ˿飡
ѾǱ׵Ŀƣʲôأ
ȼվѪѲǡϴ˿̿ƵΧȻһȣҲһ
أ
ʱƺȻ䷢Լո׼ʼȼԼľѪȴһεˣ
һ
ƲĿΧϣ
һΪٳжı£ͻ۸Ů˰
Ƶһ֮ʣ˵һЦ֮




2316±˿
 

⣡
ŲĴ뵽˵ĶУ
˿̵סˣû뵽ʱȻ˳Լ
ҵƣҪ֪Լǿƣ
ǣȥƺǳϤ
ʶתź濴˹ȥʱڵ
Ǹһ
û뵽ղű˸һһεĳˣǱܿԼˣ
̤Ьٴȫѹ
ղЩںޣԼµЩȻ˶ס
û뵽˼Լˣ
ϲ
˿̸оһľϲ֮ɫһǷʵ͵
ôľβѾѣټĻǽԼѾǷǳԲˣ
ʱ
Զ۾ֱôĿԶǵϤӰ
ףûף
ôҲû뵽ɽ磬Ȼһεˣ
ڵЩʵ˵ˣ
ϸֳһ˿ЦݵԭֹӣǻԵְ
˵ԵֵĻҲԵ׵˵
󵨣Ҹٳ˵ϴףҲǸֳһĨɫ
ʦ壬һ֮ǰ˵ǧƷʯ˾βһǸһ
˿̵ϸֳһĨЦݣ·һѾƿ֮һ㣡
׵˵ǧƷʯȷЩˣҶЩˣ
ڣòźˣһеĶǶҵˣ
翴һûڵӣǿĵЦ
ɵȱ
ֿһԿ磬Ҳû˵
磿
˳Ķһɭֲģ
ʵȺĻͱ˸˰ɣⳤ඼ԵЩֲ
ҲһĸЦ
ϴлƴʣµһƶһ
ҲΪʲôǱ˳֮Ϊһԭ򣡣
һΪǳ̫ɭһˡ
֮ǵͦģټǵʵǳǿһҲ׵ǣ
ֻƴ֮ǰδע磬һοʱŷһﾹȻԼˣ
ôʦ壬ʶǸˣҲЩ㵵ʵ
һӦȪڵ˰ɣȪҾµһţ֮ǰȪе֮ǣȪеĻɣ
ƴƺر黳СȻλɵǿߵķۣ
ֿݵԺ֮ƺҲǸֳƴӰ
ʵʵǿʻǷǳĲģΪȪڵˣ¶ƴΪͽˣ
ҲΪʲôƴȻʱһ۾ϳԭ
ʵϣֿݳԪ֮⣬һƤҿɶ籾˵ģ
ԭֿݵ˵û뵽߼ǰ

ƴһ㶣漴ŭһ
֮ǰǽһذͲÿοǿͷˣ
ǵʱһֱǸǰĺţֻǵһڻ
û뵽һΣ羹Ȼ˿ĺǵ䣡
ҵȲٳΪУٳʹȥǵ绯ɸΪ񲯣
׿磬ҲǺٺһЦ
ʵϣⲢ׵ĻֻҪϷһһѣ
Ҳ֪ȥôһ鵰⣬ҪĻӦ÷ˣ
ֵģ㻹浱Լ̲˰֮ǣҲøţǻøţҪʲôʲôˣ
Ļ֮г˿֮ɫһɾڵСӣ
׵˵βһԨԴҲῴץǣοҵŮҲУ
ŮˣŮ˸ʲôϵһ㣬ΪޣΪ⣡Ȼ˼̸ӣĪΪ㻨˼ǧƷʯܹĸǰҫˣ
û˵һﻹԼλ
ѲɾûпԼҪһ
һ￴ĻһֱԽ֪ʲôóˣ
һֱǴȱĳԸɱٳڤ粻ˣһǵһμ̾һ
٣ٳ˾ͽǰɣɫҵֻҪһС
ƴ֮ǰǱֿݵ̬ȸˣ׵ĻһĲˬ
˿ˣ
ҲһĴ㵣ֻһǿԼư
û뵽⼸һﻹĻԼ
ಣ
һ룬Ѿǳ׺ֿݵķ˹ȥ
յ˿һĻ˵Ѿᵽɤˡ




2317Ƶ̾Ϣ
 

β峤Ķ֮ǰ
׵˾ǵĸǰֻǴ˿̵ƵҲһĻң
־йһأ
βһһ壬һ峤ȼվѪΪۣʩչʮ
ǵӳȥˣȥôˣ
βһҲˣϾβһ己ʵ̫һЩ
ǱҲѶã
һ屻ΣѾ¶ˣ
ɾ¶֮ʣȴû뵽ǰͻȻֵˣ׵ĴĽ࣡
Ҳû뵽˾Ȼһ֮ҪԿ֮ǳˣǲǷˣ
ȫûнϣ׺ֿݵϣһиǲܵ飡
λɵۼǿߣ͵ݣҲǾԵǿģ
ολǿ֮⣬кܶɻʾǿ߰ţ⼸һҪǱһ򾡣
֮ǰյȷ˵ˣλķĺܣ
ɽҲͬӱȱȽǣΪԼǼˣ֪Ҫ˰ǲܵˣ
˿̵ƿգ
յ沿ǸֵļһӦþķˣ
Ե
͸֮ǰǸֵļһ˵һȷһЩܽܵԵ
СӻǲΪһ˵ûѡڹؼʱվ
֮Уηʵ̫̫ˣ
ƿ̫̫Ķթʱ׵ĵһӡҲǷǳĲģ
˺һʿˮ峤ˡ峤͡Ǹˡ

ҲһĿףڵƺѾ˴ʱΣͷ
Ȼһӵطϲã
˽Ҫͷ鲻ϲã˿ŵЩ֣
ɲ֪Ϊʲôڿ׳ֵһ̣ĶѾǶˡ
ȻЩţֻһܷӦѣ
Сգһ𣿿ȥҲһӣû뵽ôؼʱȻܹΪվǲԺӳȥˣҲһиĶ󣬲ƽӲȥˣ
΢΢̾һǾӻǲģ
ֻǽ£Ҫ֮ڶֵӳȥǲ̫ܵ飡
Щź
ȴеʲôϧģһ壬壻ҲǹٺֵõģΪԼİŮ˸˲
տƼᶨ˵峤ˣǼĺģȻڳˣ϶а취Ǿβһأ
СգЩˣ˵ǾβһȻû뵽֮һ۵ӾȻβһһŮŪߵҶ֪Ӧ˵ʲôˡ
ҲƵĿգ֪պ˵ģ
һɽ磬Ҳǧʱ䣡
Ҫ֪ԵĿλɵۼǿ߰ǧʱûûҹҲȻܴﵽĲΰ
տƵ֮ǰʱÿһֻҪ֣ôΣȻǻģһҲǲģ
յ޿κΣ
ƿյˣ˵İɣʼ磡Ӧ֪ɽ֮Ҫп̫̫ˡ
ձ˵ЩţһԵǵףƺҲˣ峤ˡ
Ŷ֪ˣҲǳʵ
˵Ҳ֪ǲͬһˣ֮ǰǵ˲յһϢ˵ɽһλǿߺճԿʵǿ۳ǸƺҲǽס
ǺǣԿ۳Ǹ˽׵ĻҲˣ֪ʲôʵ𣿡
Щû˵ô˵ԭΪѾͨʶ̽鵽Ǹ׵ļһʵ
ɾڣ
ⲻ
һɾڵļһҲ˵ҶԿʵǿޱȵ۳
ƲţҲţ
ȴҾ֪ҵķһƽˣ
ҪˣСգڴķҪ̫Ұɡ
һ̾Ϣ
ƿһᶨӣЩʼ׵ļһ
һﵽǹʲôԻȻձ㣿
һԵ˺򻶿յģҲ΢΢ҡͷʵǰΪΣѵʱ̾ǵҲ
ʱ
Ĩһ˿̵ЦݣߵλʦͬʱȥʱҲһЦ
ǶԸ˻ǶԸһˣһͬ
λɵҪɱһɾڵСӣ⻹ʲôɣ




2318±ˣ
 

βһ壡
Ƶһֱ΢΢ҡͷ״̬ǿǰҪôĸΧ£ǲܵģ
Ǿ׷ǳȣһȺ棬˵ȷЩڲͬ
費
Ѿܿɹˣο⻹״أ
Ȼˣϣֵܹʱ䳤һЩܹг׼ȼԼľѪܹʹʮ
Ϊһһ֮ˣѾûʱȥͬˣ
ҪǵǣԼ˵ܹӳȥ٣
Ů鳤
ڶ˵յĶŮ鳤ֻһ˲ѣ
ƣ
Ƶ˵ĿһͶеʱѾʧ˵ĸǰ
ǿ
ƱǰһǿŪҲǺ˼
ȼǿߣԣһֱʯƾ죡
ӡӰب֮У׵ķϮ
ٺ٣ٳ鿴ǲ֪λʦ
ĳУҲ˵Ѿûκεˡ
һԵ΢΢һЦλʦһֱϲһֵĻһ˱ѹˣ
Ц˼Ҫ׼һε˵ʱӶɳˣ
¡¡
һ
׵ӰȻʧ˵ĸǰһ˻δεںδʱȴ֮ѾǴһȭͷ
һʱ䣬Ϊģ
޴ɢһ˸ֶ
һ򵱹Ī
Ҳڳ˶ǵһ
գ֮䣬ԭЦ绨Ļ˿ǱѾҪѿжѿˡ
ֱ۷飡
ƴоԼֱ۶ʧȥ֪ˣ˿֮еһĨ֮ɫ˸оһĿ־壡
磬Ҳɵǿߣ
ƶŻƴҲǶһ£֮ǰһĨЦ˿ʧӰ٣
һ˶սˣȻһغϣ˼ȴ·磡
˲δʹȫأ
Ҫ֪ǿλɵۼǿ߰˴һˣȻĽ
֮ǰŵȣʱǸо޾ĳ֮ɫ
ƺʼվı飬΢΢һЦţûдһѾˡ
Сӣԭʵ
ƴףҲЩŭɶ˵
ⲻ˵Ϸˣ
֮ǰеŶɾڵʵ֮̽ȴָô£
˼ʲôɾڰǿǻʵɵۼǿߣ
ЦһٸһλᣬڴȥǻлĻᣬնģ
СӣΪܹסǲδʹȫһоܹߺˣ񣬻δʲô֣ɵۼǿΣڣ
ƴҲЦȻܵ׵Ĵ̼
ǰһȻ˵ǹնģ
һﻹǴԲѰͬɵ۲εǿߣ˴һǻһ
֪׵ͷĻ¾Ͳôˣ
ĿŻƴǲ뿪ˣ
Сӣ㵽Ǻˣ
ƴף֮һĨɫ
ղСԳԼΪޣҲЩ֣֮ɹ
ֻû뵽СӾȻҲĳλɹĵ۾
Ĵ۳ĵ۾һʶأ
Ϊħ֮ˣĴ۳ĵ۾ǶʶĻԺȥһ
ȻˣΨһܹȷǣĴ۳ĵ۾֮ûһֵģ
׿Żƴ˵Ҫ֪޵ݣǻûʸ񣡣
úúãһҪôļ
ƴŭһһԵĻƶͻѾǰγԼеķɽ
ˣ
ͷܹΪһ֪ʲôطðëͷСӶأ
ʵȥĻ׵Ҳ׷ʹ
ɽᣬûйһߺ
Щƫƫа
ֻǲ֪ǣа˶ѾǳΪ׵Ľˣ
Ͳ˵⼸ˣ۳ҲѾǳΪ׵ĵʯˡ
һԵֿݿ׳ʥϣϳɣϳӦûģ
磬㻹ǷôĿ
ƴǸŭ֪СԼĸǰ˲Ҳˣû뵽羹ȻҶ˵Ļ
ˣ
ڵ˻ʲô˵óڰ
һʱ䣬βһųɱ




2319ŵٳ
 

ߣ
ԭЦѾˣЩ˼Ŀǰľ
һʱ䣬˾ȻЩĬ
磬˿̵ҲЩ㵲ѣƺ˼άЩˣ
Ǿ㵵ı飬ҲЩǵ˵⡭һôҿ֮ǰ¥ûֱӶְ
ģȻԻӶûпóСӾȻô
ٳ֪˵ʲôһתȻҪȻгˣʱ򿴿ʲô˵һɽĳˣǵ鷳ɾʹ˰
һȥӳˣŶûУɽʲôΣѲħڵ˻ǲɣ
ҲŭһҪǾôǰһɽһֱʵأ
׻˵úãΪΪʳ
ڵزѾǺˣʲô׵ʲôô
ȻʵǿһǳϵұȽϵأ
ʱ׵ʱ򣬲δ˼κεĻ֮л͸һǿζ棡
ټ֮ǰ˼ҳ־ǧƷʯ˵˼ͷССŰ
ڵһ˿õԤУ֪˵˭
ŵǣڳ˻üģûд̽˵ĵϸ֮ǰǲҪΪã
ԼҲЩʣȷҪһЩ
ΪץסβһĻǻʯҲ˼Ҹ׬ˡ
ȻԼܹõһЩôЩôԼȣûЩֵõģ
ڿٳ˵ģҲˣ
ҰҰٳһ
һһʲôλʦߣСɵۼǿô˴һѲλʦǳصĲɣ
ҲЩ뷨ԼûбҪǣ
ԼλʦħڵĵλǷǳߵģοһεʵ̫޴
ĻԼλʦô׵ĳأ
ֻΪǧʯѲܹλɵۼǿͬʱ
Ҳǲ̫ܵȥһܹöλʦ壬ǿǸ˼ΪصĴ۵ģ
ŵλʦÿ˳˵õһλβһŮ֮⣬ÿÿ껹ԷֺһǧƷʯ
̾һٳܸоСЩ̫Ծ㲻Ǹֵ̫һЩ𣿡
ߣɽЩڼΪŵˣһôţԽŻʱԽ̣֪Ϊʲô𣿡
翴һЩ־ԼķҲЩƵ˵
ʶĿʵΪΪʲô
ΪǾԼţǾԼˣǰ˭ҲǵĽ棬ǰһᣬΪж
粻м˵СӿȥȷǺ
ܹԼλʦ
ͷٳԼǰղǡȪڵȻ˵Ҫһ˶Ըλʦ壬⡭Ҳò
ޣ˵һ벻أһ˵ҵˣСֲûмһ֮ǰ¥Ǹһ㣿û뵽ڻ˸ˣΪԼ޵ˣ
ûĿһԵķСҲ̫Сˣ
ٳҪҪ֪ͨһ³ˣһ
ߣľһûʲôϢ˰ҲҪ֪ͨҸ״ˣ״ȫɵڣһɹͻƣ֪ζʲô
һᵽԼĸ׵ʱҲǳ֮ɫ
ʵЩСˣԼĸʱܹ
ʼٳСΪϰһֲ̫õĸо
ģѾӹʲôʲôȥҸβһˣľ͸¥ʵʵĴţʱǮˣ
ʱҲһŭɫһʵЩθڰ
ˣѲɻҪԼĸ״ˣ
ʵǲҪоһħڵˡ
ԣڷҪĸףֱӾ÷ˣ
һͻŻţһܹã
ŷȥıӰҲǳ˹ֻδ̫
˵ЩֻһЩһЩѣ
ŵɣ׸оԼҪϼһһս
Ȼ˵Ļһν֮ǣǱյϢˡ




2320¾βһ
 

һߣ
Ƶ˵ѾųһOͣ
ͻı仯ƺ˵Ѿǲ֪Ӧ˵Щʲôˣ
Ȼո׽ֻһУɾһѾȫ
ɵǿߣ
ƸоԼЩˣ֮ǰջ˵Լķ
ûţ
Ϊշʱ׻ûзղ𼶱ʵѾβһھȺˣ
û뵽ķߣȻѾﵽɵ۾磡
ֲ˹
ƸоԼɽϵЩ߸ˣʲô˿˶ݵʱڳΪ˵ǿߣ
֮ǰ˸ô˵Ļ¶ʵģ
ʵͰԼǰôܹأ
峤ˣǡǸֹӾȻɵǿߣļٵİ
ȿڵ򻶣һ̵֮ҲһĲ˼飡
ΪһŮˣǿߵĳǷ֮еģ
ҲЩƵ˵⡭ⲻǽСշҲŷǧɣǧʱﵽɵ۾磿⡭δţδŰ
Ҿ˵ҷɣĸ״˰ɣ
մʱҲһʵ֮ǰû
λɵۼǿ֮յһһֱڣ
ʵƵ뷨һģԼķһֱûʧԵĿ֮ħڵλǿ߰
˿̣һοӲĳһĴ
ȷȷǿû뵽峤ķȻ˵ǿᣬ֮ǰҡһΪʵƽƽأ
΢΢һ̾ʱҲЩ
ƿյСգʲôͷ峤Ҳݺɽôˣûм˭ܹ֮찡
ҷһֱģҲ֪Ϊʲôôôˣ
յĽ͸ûнûκε𣬲ʱ֮ŵҸζ
ԼԼ˸ǰ⣬һҸĲҸˣ
ھβһܴѣⲻӵʾ׵ļֵ
ղֺӵˣԼҲֿ˻
˿̵лЩǣϾԵĿλɵۼǿߣ
һҪˣǱٲ
ʱ¶һ˿ЦݵֹܹڼĻβһĶ˰Сա
ĸ״ˡ
ʱպĸ״˵ԽԽ˳ˡ
ƵͷʵҾβһԭ治ͨģλֹܹҾβһĻǱ峤ΪΣ
л峤ˣ
һֱܷУΪҲ֪ɽľβһĹ涨
һĻտ¶ȥѰף
һĳΪȺ䣬ֻ
ֻû뵽ôˣһ£
ΨһϣܹսʤЩˣȺһǺܹ˳µĸԼİһ
һǶԼмѵˣһԼİˣ
֮ǰҲǱܼ尾ĻҲǿĵЦˣ
ƳֻһеǰֹܹһɵۼǿߣһǾЩ
ҡҾҷ϶ûģ
ʵ֮ûκεĵ⻰ȴ˵ʮ㣡
ΪһֱǸԼܶľϲһȻԼķܹ漣
λɵǿΣ磬Լķ龳ĸֶ治ɫ
ԣɽΪʲôͲأ
峤ˣҾֹΪɵۼǿߣȻ֣ӦһЩյİɣ
˴ʱҲվ׵һԣ׵һĨų׵ĸȾ
ʱ׺Ĵսһ˵鶼쳣Ľţ
ΪʤˣǾβһǱסˣ
ʤˣǾβһ󵽵׺ȥδӣ붼ǿĳˣ
˿̣
βһǰ֮ϣһɹɱŰѾڿռ֮Ű
׵УնɽѾǽϣ
ŶҲĨһ˿ааЦݣ
ԭڶвףҪǼȴУȻ˵Ļޱȫǣնʽֻأ
ױһѾǻһƽʧ˵ĸǰ
һ룬Ѿǳ˻ƴĸǰ




2321
 

ֻһһնֻأ
׵ĸǰһֺĽѾ˳ķ

ռ·Ҫ⽣˺һ㣡
ʵϣԸ⼸ˣʹʽȳǿĹ
λɵ۳ڵǿأ
ο׵ʵԸЩ˲ڻ£
ռ䲻ϵ𵴣һ̣ƺĸλȥ˵ǿ
˺ѣ
֮һƬڽ֮ǰɫ͸һӵľ壡
һ˲
ǽѾǴ͸ߣ˿һο׵ʱҲʧ˸ղŵķ
ۿȥ״ʱѾնɽĺ󷽣
ԭĽƺһҲǽɢȥ˻֪׷ʲô飬ƺһֵսѾˣ
ʱ
ٿǷ˲δʲô̫ı仯
ԭǸֽϻһΪأ
ǰλɵǿⲻ𣿡
ģһĻΪСǸʲôţء
İɣλɵۼǿߣһҲ
ߣЩƺƨ
˿̵Ҳ¶һ˿ЦݣղǿֲȷҲЩо֣
ڿһǸٰʽ
ȥôƵһУȻӣ
ΪԱ߻˵ĻѾǰԼĴЦ˰ɣ
ˣ˿̵Ҳ̲סЦ
ֻѹҲûעԼ⼸λʦı飬ע⵽Ļ¾Ͳˣ
Ϣ
ƴͻ˿ɫһƬɷףΪѾǸܲƶκεϢˣ
ֻ֪ʲôԭƶȻǱӡһ㣡
ǲİ֮⣬Ѿǳ׵ʧˡ
¡¡
֮ܶ˶ûзӦĹʱ֮зһľ죡
漴һѪˮ֮䣡

˶ǵһʵû뵽ԭһ鶼ûеĻƶΪʲôȻأ
ܡ
硭
ƴͻͬʱ뿪˻ƶΧԶĵط
ֻǵһ֮֮һӾͱ˫ˣ
ŭ˻ƴͻϣ
ôҲû뵽һγȻһ
׵ĿŻƴͻǱֵˣ
㡭㵽˭
ƴʿˮѾ֪ʲôǰһˣ
̫ˣ
ʵ̫ˣûм֮ˣ
Ҫ֪ԼĶǿɵ۳ڵǿߣȻһһɱˣ
ǰһѾǳ׵ĵ߸˻ƴʵ֪ڵҪӣѾôκε뷨ˣ
ĺҪ֪һﵽ˭
׵˵޸ղѾ˵ˣ֮ǰ뿪޵Ǻһڤ粻飬ҪԣȻ˵Ļħ֮ҲͲҪȥˡ
㡭Ȼ֪ħ֮ˣ㡭㻹ҡ
ƴʿˮʼյȻף˿һһӽĸо
ǰΣ޵ҪϼһﵽǻŻˣ
׵Ļ֮ǵ˶оһ΢һԵ磬Ѿǿˣ
ʦ壬ԼĶʦ徹Ȼˣ
粻ŵĿԶԼʣµλʦı飬ѾǸܵһֱĲͬ
ǰһԲʲôǵļһ֮ǰжϺпǶԵģ

ԭΪڳ˵ˣһȴֻܹˣ
㡭㾿ǺˣҲװɣ
ƴһѾǸǰ֮ǿҵɱ⣬οһҪɱ˵ģ
ŭǿߣ³ԼҲ֪ʲôģ
㱳Թᰡ
ƴͻȻ˵Żǵ˼ȴҪ룡
ֿݳǰ˹ȥŻƴٺһЦʥϵݣܹ֪ģǻ䣬ձñ·ɣ
磬㡭㡭
ƴԭǿһɴ˿ѾǸһڰԼҪǿܶ࣡

ԭӦھβһľ˿Ѿǹ˻ƴ˵ϣ
Ѫո
ֿݵʵǿޱȣ˿һֻ̤ɵڣ
ɱϣǿѹ
һĹѾЩƵĻƴѾĸǰ
˿ŵһƨ̱˵ϣֿһεɱ˻֮׵ľˣ
𣡣
˴ʱһĿɿڴ̫ǿˣ




2322аɵ
 

ɱȻ
βһسѪȵζ
ֻһĻƵ˶оһ𺳣ôҲû뵽Ȼģ
ϵֱʱδɢȥ
һοΧʱǷֳٳ֮⣬˶նɱھβһأ
˿ûκεأ
ֵһ̣עֻһܹ
һΣ˶ϣ˽û뵽ЦľȻյǸķ
ǿ߳˾
βһ˿̿׵ҲǱˣ
Ϊ˷ܵĪˣΪԼһεԼˣֻһɽ磬һѣ
֮У
ɫһĲҰףΧʬҰҲǲסĲţ
ţƺһѾǱ
绹Ҫ
ŻĳԼ߹ףҲǶµ㡭㲻ɱҡ
ǣҪɱһˣû˵ɱģ׵ϣһϵϢѹ
ҡҿ֮ǵٳɱҵĻ㡭Ҳܲˣ
в
ŶоЦвƺѾľˣ

Ӧ֪նɱƶһ̿ʼЩѾǲתˣ
شҼ⣬޿㲻
׵˵֮һĨɱ֮⣬ƺԵ쳣ƽ
棿
ץסĵһ㣬ȼһ˿ϣ
ѡ񣡡
׵˵ѾûȤּۻˣ
һ˵ǲ˵·һ
Щˣ׾ԲħҲˣ
ǡ֪㡭㵽˭𣿡
ģ
ÿ˶кģԼıԵȺȴʼղ
磬Ƕ֪ǰԳԼΪ޵ļһﵽ˭
ɽ֮еǿߣǼˣ
Ǵû˵һλɵǿ˵ǿᣡ
׵˵˴׵۾
󡭡׵۾㡭ף
࣡
ĺ֮һĿɬôûʮǰ䶯ɽλ׵۾أ
Ǹһﲻ
Ǹһһ֮۳ԭ翴һӦѾĲˣû뵽һﾹȻĺúõģ
ž
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û뵽ôһ仰ֱӱһλɵǿȵ߻أ
һͷĿѣ֮׻ع
׿Ǿŵģ
ǡǵģ
ʱҲϹ˵ˣһش𲻺ãԼҲ͸˵ݰˣ
ʲôϵʵ
ĭŶҡүү
ţɵӣҲЩʵû뵽Сݻͦ󰡣
ħ䣬û뵽СӾȻɵӣ
̾һүүһнһٺӣǶҲʮλҲûʲôġ
ȥϼһﻹͰһʲôطҲò̾һɵȷǷֳǿ
һٺӣѾҲ̫ţһɣ
һ뵽Լһûأ״ʱЩ뷨ˡ
翴׵󡭡ʥϣүүڷħޣ֮ǲħڵһ׬Ǯ߶ѣʵҸħڵĵλҲһĺܣ
ո˵ĸڳɵڣ׵ʵ
ɫһ䣬漴ȻʧЦȷѾȥˣǴʥܹһҶȻ
ɵΣҲûնɱ
ҲûʲôʵˣֻҪ֪ɵʲôط
֪֮Ѿû̫ļֵˣ
ɵӣ
յϢ˵
Ȼ֪Լ⣬ΪҪԲòһѣ
ֻһûôĺã׵ĴһӣѾһƬռ֮У
أ
ԭΪԼǻȸں󣬿û뵽ݻȸ˾ȻǱˣ
Ĳԩ
һ֮ǰ֪׵ݣ˵Ҫܶˣ
֮ʣ֪׵˭
鳾
ˣͷ·δһƬ֮ϣ
תյķ˹ȥʱѾǱᣬ˳׵ķ˹
ӵ
һƺЩſһ㡭




2323Ƶ
 

βһ壡
׺ӵһ˶ף۹⿴ˣ
ƺͻľβһ壡
ǶˣΪǰ֮ǰļһˣ
˶飬ߣȺ
ֿһԿˣҲǐź΢΢һЦ
һ˵ȾôĿˣֻһƺѷֿһ㣡
ƵԱߣһǳĺһ
˵Ȼһоϲ
ɾоôأ
һεĽѵһˣ
峤ˣաղǡǸֹ˵˭𣿡˿Ƽ˵
˵ˣʲô׵۾ǰɣʲôط˵
Ҳǵ˵֮ǰƺʲôطЩ飬Ҳû̫ôϣ
˿Ƶ峤ˣ벻ˣ
һԵ򻶿Լĸ磬ͱ˺ðɣҶû˵أ
ˣ֪˭
ʼûȻо˵һʱ벻ˣ
ʼ峤˿˵ʮǰһλǿ۳ͻ飿
ôһ˵ҺһЩ׾Ǹ׵۾Щ˼鰡
Ҳһ̾˵
βһҲյϢϾǺ䶯ɽ飡
ֻû뵽λ䶯ɽĵˣȻһεĳǵĸǰ
ҸǸоǣλ˾ȻԼβһŮ
Եʻᣬ׽
һԵһɻʵ磬ʲôʲô۳ôǿ˭Ҹǹȥ
ϢʱҲΪǴţ񿴵λ׵۾Ҳ֪ġ
Ҳǳ˿̿׾ǿԼݵżһ㣡
廹壬壡
սǿ֮ˣǱǴһϣ
۳بɽǧʱ䣬û˸Ҷʲôɡ
һλǿĵ۾ս۳ȨǱǴһֲݸȨսľģ
ҲΪʲôܶɽΪżһԭ
ΪǲӲ飡
ֹ͡ĸҸ۳ȥ磬ûɣ۳ɲһССܹ֮İ
򻶵ѾǾ㵲ѣѾˣ
׺ӵһҲЩĸоʵҲΪײľˣǿߣ
ĸŮ
򻶶ѾһĸоͷոȴѾڱˣ
ָоЩ⣬Ҳʵ᲻ʲôʵ
Ϊ˼Ҵ׵۾峤յĹϵ˼ҸԼҲ˵أ
΢΢һ̾ԭΪ׵۾ֻһСආڿʵ̫Сλ׵۾ˡȻ׵۾ҾβһĶˣյĻ±峤㲻ںӸԤˡ
ʵ˵ЩҲǸоһΣ
ҪԤ˼Ҵ׵۾ʵܹԤ
Ȼǲܵ飡
ԣҲ˳ˮˣܹһλ˵ǿ߱βһ壬ԺǵٲҪڶصĲ
һε飬ҲûһǿĿɽǼıԵģ
׺֮Ż뿪˶ԷĻ
ŶԷ·֮Ҳûκεˣ
ˣҾ֪ģ
׵°֮ͣ䣬һ˿ģ
Цŵˣ
ţÿʱÿ̶룬ЩҼһֱ㣡տףҲǺݺݵĵͷ˿ûκε
һİɣȻˣûܹ۸ˣ
֪֪һ̣Ҿ֪ǾβһоˣֻǡֻǷһ
Щ˼Ŀף
ÿһζǷ׵ģƺһֱڶûи̫İ
ʵϣβһ岻ɵ۾磬սʮֵС
ͻɵ۾磬ǵǿŻֳ
ҲΪʲôЩβһһֱصһԭ֮һɵ۾ǿ߶ûУ
׵Ļһξβһ弴ǲ壬Ҳˡ
װڰֵСգô˵ҿɾͲ˰֮䲻Ҫֱ˴ˣˣҲ峤˵ȵ̫˲ǣ
Ҷˡ
ͷôජԼˣҲһΣ
ֻһһЦ֮䣬ȴһ񼤵
˳Ƶķ˹ȥ˿̵ƵҲнţ
Ͼǰ֮Ϊǿ֮һ




2324˵ľβһ
 

βһ壡
ľβһ˵ҲһƬϲ
Σ
һ˸ǻҪʲôأ
οֻǾβһŮ˵Ǻˣ
յĶܣ⣬ʲô
ûԸǾβһˣҲ춫صģ
ƿ˹һεѹƺѾǲң
ˣһɱһλɵ۾ǿߣⱾ˴ĳǾ޴ģ
峤
׿ƣҲ¶һ˿Цݣ
βһŽⲻԵˣ
ˣɽˣ
΢΢һЦʥϾҾβһΣ֮ʣƴβһлʥϳ
峤ˣ޵ŮˣǾβһȻҲң˵ǻԼˣ
΢΢һЦó˿̵Ƿǳĺã
лҲ֪ʱ˵Щ׻ЩαʵҾβһ֮ǰй涨ͨ飬Ѿҽˣ
ҲͨķʽףβһѾǽף
ĵͷл峤βһ룬ƺҲ̫ðɣ
ʥԼǣֻҾβһѾǾһδѣʣµҲֻܹɽһƬɱ¾֮Ѱһ˿Ĳ֮ˣ
ƵϳΣܹ˭Ըأ
ֻ־βһʵ̫ȻǲŲòԼ
ЦŵβһԶʱڱǿ壬ֻ峤ûһʵķչѣ峤ĻԸΪ峤ṩһƬ
ʥϵ˼ҪҾβһΪ׻ʳĳˣ
ƿףҲ΢΢ü
һԵյĸ״ˣҷԲģֻ롭
װڰʾղҪ˵ƵҴ״ҪЮκˣǵĵˡβһ岢ǵˣȻҲôˣ
Ǵʥô
ƿףβһϹʱڵȷǿ壡
Ǹʱɵ۾ǿ߷ǳĶ࣬һɵ۾ǿ߶ûУ
Բ˹
֪Ǵ׵۾ܹΪṩһ֮Ļ
һβһ嵮λɵ۾ǿߣʱһ߳ƣҲָտɴˣ
ûһϣ챻裬ûһϣڼз֮棡
βһˣ
ʵϣ飬ҲǾβһ弱ģ
ǿȥһĻǺķѵĴ۽Ǿ޴ġ
ҪܹṩĻʵľβһһ޴ã
ֻƲԸβһ֮£ҲΥ־飡
׿Ƴ峤ǣΪλṩ֮Ҳǿ޵Ů˵ķϣ峤ʱҪ뿪Ǳ峤˵㣡ڴڼ䣬ҲΪλṩ֮ҩ
ʥĲҪκε飿
ЩŵĿףһﵽ׺«ʲôҩ
˱
ײԼˣҪΪ޳ṩ͵ҩֱϵ¸ڱ
׿ʼ˵ֻ޵һ⣬峤𣿡
ĸ״ˡ
ҲЩˣǾ׵ģΪôҲûѰκεĻر
Ȼɽթɻİɣ
΢΢һЦСգʥ˵Ļţ
Ѿƻ߰˰ˣ½һ֮ķѵȽϵĶ࣬峤ԸĻޱΪλṩһ
ŵǣβһﶼǺܰȫ
Ȼ˵ĻôȺ֮пʼɣ
ԺȻԺ˵ˣǾβһܹΪԼõĻʱȻҲһ
ǲܹΪԼõĻҲѷǵУ
ʵôҪĻǿյϣΪյĻһҲûʲôˣ
֮УƵ˽еʱҲһľ㵲ѣ
նԴʮֵϤûйãҲӦˣ
ֻƵ˿һƬռ֮оȻһצҲǾ㤲ѣ
С𣬿һȺβĴŮѾ˷ܵĹӶˣ
Ȼǲ
ٺþβһ֮Ҳǳ׵ʧһƬռ֮У
ߺûжãһǿϢѾϯһƬ
ֻǵǸɨ֮󣬱øӵıˡ




2325׵
 

֮ǣ
˭Ҳ֪һʱ֮ǰ֮ǵٳλɵǿѾ䣡
ʱ֮һķ
һƬڰڣǳͳӵʱʱĻһЩͻ
һ֮ǵʱ򣬼ûʶ
Ͼ˭ʶأ
ο֮ɽһԶĴڣȻ߳ɽ磬һƬ֮лû˼
ǼҲ֪ױɽĴ׵۾
֮ǰ˾֪ĻҲôȥˡ
Ϣڱǻ׵۾ţǸڸ۳Կˣ˭ָ׵ȥأ
֪η
֪Լģ
Ϊģ֮ҲһϢ
Τң
Ϊ֮ǵĳ֮һΤ֮Ȼ㲻Ϊ˵֣Ҳǰļ壡
ĻΤɽҲôĳˣ
ūгÿΪΤҴ˳ǳΪɽĴ֮һ
ȻڻȺǿٱ֮һĳ˵ΤҲǼˣ
ΤҵǰǱ죡
ƺ⻰Զ벻ľŮ˺ͷɽˣ
ΤǰʱδżȥһǼ˵죡
ǼҴСǲ֪ƢһͷôĻư
ɲôΣҲ֪ǲĸҰˣ
ǻ֪ɣΤƺħڵַأ֮ܲǴȥǸأ
⻹ǲ֪ô£ħڲ͵ĻԺǿɾ˰
ҿҵ·ɣһħڵˣ˭ܹ֮ǻȥأ
ſڵЩ죬ǿеΤħڵĲͣ
ԭΤҹȻǿħڷ¸ģ
ħɽԭƲΤҿħڷңǱ޳֮
ʲôˣ
Щſڵԭ죬ɵǿ׶վſڣǵ̸Ϊ֮Ҳŭһʵ
֪ΤϦΤСǲߣ
׿ǰļˣҲ¶һ˿Цʵ
ϻΤأС㵱Ȼˣ˿һŭݵ
׵ͷͨһ˵ǰף
ۣ
ѿڶ⼸ֵʱſ֮ԻǸ˺ûнĭӷɵ׵ϣ
㡭˵ʲô
ΪԼˣһεʵ
ԭվԱߵļҲЦ·һ˼һ㣡
ǰףͨһ
ǱȽϵĿһ磡
ΤҲΪѵĻʱȻҲΪΤң
Ȼ˵ΤҸħȾūгеΤҲĻôȻҲ˻
ÿΤܹūгȡ˾޴棬Ǿ˵еͼкܴռģ
׸ΤϦûκεĹϵĻô׾ǲƽطҲν
ڸһΤϦȻҲҪһΤϦ뷨ˣ
˵СӣûиɣҲҪǼСףҲԼʲôԣϽ
˿һӣҲֿԼĴǱ߹Ц
˵˵磬ҪȻǽȥͨһɣһСЩͷô죿ͷСΪϰ
ǼһҲҸǼСףĸ۾һͷ˰˳
ƺЩͬǸ˵˵Ȼ컹ͦӲģ
ĬҲż
Сӣ֪ʲôط
̧ͷ˿ףɫͳȻɵģ
Τһ֪ģҪȻɣֱӽΤϦ𣿡׵˵
ƨǼСܼģŭһ
ֻ֪ͨһѣƺҲôΪǰɣڵʱΤСǲԼ𣿡Цŵ
ʲôأ
׺⼸˶Իʱһͳɤ
峤ˣ
һλȥзӣһҲǶЦݵ
ΤɣΤ峤ҲΤδ峤ĵһѡˣ
ͳݣҲΤҵĵλˣ
ڸʲôأ
Τɿ˿΢΢üƺǰվΤǰҲЩм
峤⡭һϦСᡭ׵ġ
Щ˵Ȼ峤֪ĻӦҲͦİɣ
˵ʲôף
Τɵɴ۾ףԭбҲʧˣ




2326ΤΣ
 

ף
һǸոջصΤҲһ±״̬
Ĵû˵Լø˭˰
СӺö˶˵ܵԼļſ˵׶֣Τɸоһǲǿҵأ
Τɴ˿ɫһƬı䣡
һſڿ̵֮峤⡭һԼ˵ģҡҲ֪
ȷ
Τɿ˿֮һתͷǸſ֮˵
ǣ峤ҵɿЦ
˿ΤɣЩҴҲʿˮ
ΤɿЦ˼Τɻô꣬ˣһǵһμȻܵΤҵſڵˣСӣ㻹ְ
Τɿף֮зһ˿˿Ц
Τ˵Ѿһˣ
Τֵ֮ԭΤɾͷǳķ꣬ͻȻôһȻзǳĲˬˣ
׿ΤɵΤ峤㿴ҵҵϦͶϡ
Ͷϣð㲻Ҫ𣿽ҵҪô׵ģҪȢãɵⱾˣ߰ɣ
Τɲ֪׵·ȻСӶܵΤҵˣҲӶɣ
ԼĸС̸˵ĻôҲðԼõͷɱҡ֮У
ǰСҪû࣬Ҫʵûʵ
ҲҴԲѵ˵ҪȢԼãΤ̫״˾͸Τҵͷʺ˰
Τɴ׳ΤҵԺ˹ȥ
ղСӹСӻһº˰ɣ峤ײţ
ǰ磬Щ˾ǲײǽͷһ֪ôˣ
ϦССܹµģȻľкϷ˰
ϷҿСӽȥֱ֮Ӿͱ峤˸Ĩɱ˰ɡ
ſڣһ˵һһģǶֻĿ׵ıӰ
ǼСףûʲôˣ
ʵΪʲôô룿Ϊֻһǰҿȥʵ
˵ףʵǾǴɫ۾˶ѣ
Ҳɽӣûʵﶼܵ˵صģ
ΤҴ֮ڣ
ΤɻϢܿľʹΤ˵ĶУ
˿̣Τҵ´ˣ
˿ȥȲĺܣ
ΤΤӣ
ΤʵΪǿˣ׵ΤΤҵ峤һ֮֮ϣ
״ˣ壡
Τɴ׽´Լĸ׺ͶǱߣҲǹ
ȻΤΤҵĵλǳĸߣ˵ǰ쳣ĵ͵
Nˣ
ΤԼĶӣϵıƺûôĿģ
ǵģ״ˣΤɳ
һԵΤӿΤʵ۳Ǳô˵
ħ̫۳ǱƺԸħΪУҾ۳ħƺǧ˿Ƶϵ
Τƺδ׷У֮£ǾȻһ˵
ҲЩ죬ܿеĵ
ΤɸûнԼУΤҵ峤Ǹ峤ƺҲˣ
óڹĵӦΤҵԼʱӦǹ˲ϵġ
ߣħڵθԽԽˣΤҳūгūгѾ˹ȴҪ֣ⲻжĥɱ¿𣿡
ΤӿΤó쳣ߣ
ΤΤʵ۳ԸΤҺǵûеλ
״ˣԭЩûͨƺͨˡΤɳ
Ŷʲô£ΤӿΤʵ
Τɳ֮ԭһ̾еһط۳ȴפһλ⣬𣿡
֮Ǹĵط۳ȻҲǿ棡Τ
״˵û۳صĵȷ棬ֻħƲ۳ħȴܹһֱȻⲻһ۳ħӦѾǴͬ˵Ĺϵһȥݼ³飬ѾǴ뵽ħڵĶˡ
ΤɿΤҲǳ
磬ҿN˵ĺеĻǸܵаΤһԵΤ
ܣڿΤѾûκε·˰ҲҪˣΤҲһ˵
֮⣬ƺȥǳľᣡ
״ҲһЩΤԭĿɽʧȥˣӦҪѰµĿɽֻʧˣ
Nλǡ
׿ΤʱΤĿעףʵ




2327µ
 

Τҵ´ڣ
ΤΤͬʱ׵ķ˹
֮ǰѹҲûע⵽ףΪΤɵһ࣡
ΤϸĻһ£ƺΤɵ߸ûһ࣡
ԣΪĳɹĴأ
ղ߸̸ۣΤ˿ҲЩ£
Τһʱ򣬻ǽ׸ˣ
ϾΤɿΤҵΪƵСӣûôУ
񣬲ԼĸἰĻˣ
˿̣
Τɵ֮Ĩһ˿ĺâԭСǹҵĻҲǴһٺȥˣ
ô಻ܣǲҲˣ
ΤɿһףȻֿ˿Լĸ׺Ͷ壬״ˣἰҶˣСǵΤҵҵģ
ҵģ
Τɫһ䣬ƺоЩ˼飡
СʵզΣȻһ˵Τң
з
ΤɲΪСǹҵģѲħڵѾҪˣ
Τף֮һ˸
ȷ
ȷǰ֮˵ݣΤһ׼ʱһԵΤɳ״ˣСӾȻ˵ҪϦףⲻǵʲôأ
N㡭˵ʲôСҪʲô
ΤһΤɵĻҲסˣ
ף
ΤѾͷˣȻôһһվЦ
ⶼʲôʱˣȻ˼ף
һԵΤӿҲǿЦ˼ףûɣһǲǷ˰֮ǵǲ˶ΪΤҺ۸
ߣΤûˣҲʲôèϷˣģNϳȥնˣ
Τ˿ﻹʲôߺأ
ŵħ۳֮Ѱһз֮е棡
ʱͻȻ˸ЦһĻҲסЦ
óǰ˶ĪֵҲһΣ
ǰλɾڵļһﾹȻҪȢԼŮ
һܹԼŮأ
Ǹ˿¶ΪǹҵˣһԵһĵݣƺ˵ĻԼû̫Ĺϵһ㣡
СӣԼɱҪҶְ
ΤɿףҲһ˿Ц˵ⲻǸѣ
׵˵ϦѾΤô²װɣףǲӴҲˣȻҪ֣
㡭Ϧ˽ΤڵһԵΤӳ磬ⲻܰǶûϦ˵
ߣҿСʧķˣֱնɱˣΤҲǳ
ΤһףСӵȻ൱ĿԵģ
Ѳ鲻ɣ
Τڰ֣ʾһԵΤӺΤɲҪ˵ʵղ˵ǼϦ˽֪ǡ
ϦˣȻ֪˲ѲΤ峤һҵĲôȤҲ˵أ
΢΢һЦļһԵΤֶһĪ
̫ĵˣ
ҪôǸ۲۵ɵӣҪôе
ΤҵҵģǻĲһǸɵӣͷɽôɵأ
״ˣһںߣóʲôҿֱˣ
Τɸܹóʲô
һԵΤҲǵN˵ûСҲΤҸǰΤһûе˼۵ĵز磬ҿֱɱЧȵıȽϺãҲЩļһЩ壡
λôżҪɱңվҲܲˣΤôһҲûеĻǻԶˣ
ЦһôļôһûеĻǻ첻ȥˣ
㡭
Τɱ׵ĻĲѪ
һﻹʲô˵ĳڰȻ׺ԼĶǰ˵һǲʲô
ΤȻһεЦСѵǺǣȻ˵Ļ峤Ҫһʲôܹ򶯵ңĿԴҵĻұϦΣ
磬㡭㻹СӰΤӵɴ۾ԼĴ硣
Τ˵ҪסȻûǰλСѳסλС˵ģΤôһĶûеĻǻܳʲô£ϷˣǣҲǶһٻһյ𣡣
СӣһʱҵҪ˵ʲô
Τһƣû뵽ԼĴȻ˵Լɵ۲Сӣ
ΤӵɫһıƣһԵΤƺӵĳס
ΤĻͶɱСˣ




2328𾪵Ĳ
 

ΤʵҲЩ𺳣
ǰСӿȥ秵ģȻһ㣬ȵȷɱͬˣ
Ѳ֪Τ֮ǵ
Ȼǣ
óһƺʲộ
ΤҲ֪һټһȻ˵Ҫף
һȦʵϾû˵ʲô飬ƾС˵˸ΤϦΤҲҪԼŮȷһġ
һԼŮڳȥʱ˶ĻҪɱˣʱԹԼһӣ
ΤϦ
ΤϲһŮҲԼΪ谮һŮ
ֻǵ˵֣˵ΤһȤʱΤȻһ˵ˣ
ʵԭҪֱӱ¶Լݵģ۳Ѿǵˮݵĵزˣ
ɲʱ¶ԼݣҪΤħں۳Ⱦ
ʱԼǱ¶
һ²һ£
׵Τҵ֮Ҫϻض۳ء
Ƕ۳ʱ۳ĻʱǸܵ
ԲԸ⿴飬֮ǣҲ̫飡
ֻ飬Ͳ
׿һΤΤ峤ҵĲܼ򵥣ƷɽһɻԪö
ۣ
׵ļֱףΤҵһ±ƣ
Ʒɽһ
ѾǷǳĲ˼ˣû뵽һȻ滹ɻԪö
ⲻ˵װ׵͸Τλɻʾĸ
Ȳ񣬼ɽҲǼΪصĲ˰ɣ
ΤڵһԵΤӺΤɾûмһ㣬Ҳǵɴ۾ף
ô⣿׿ΤʵȻǲĻһеڶ׷ֻڶ׷ûЩˣ
еڶ׷ʲô
Τʿˮ˿Щ㵵ʵ
ЩѾΤǳĶˣ˵ģ˵⼫ƷΤҲһѣ
ڼһƷĻôĶΤӵսҲҪһصģ
ֲһԵΤӲסſˮȻɵۼǿߣƷʱҲȻĶˣ
磬⡭СӲǰɣ͡ҲóƷɽ
ΤǱߣʵ֮зǳϣģоЩţ
׿һΤӵΤͬ⣬Щ̱˫ַϣǰϦߣΣ
ţ֪λӹհ
Τ̬֮ǰȣѾ൱ĸĹˣ
ûа취һһصģΤҲǹĿ࿴ˡ
ܹóƷˣɽж٣
ǰСܹóƷ϶ԼʵܹģôȻˣ
׵˵֣
ֹӣ֪ӺζΤѯԼδŮһ㣬һһ۵ĿȥЩЦ
ʼƺλ޹ذɣһԱ֤ĳλ۳ΧǵʱˣҵȻҲλܣ
װʲôβǡ
ΤɿҲЩһ
֮ǰȣΤɵ̬ƺҲǻ˺ܶ࣬׻˵úãǮʹĥ
ɽƺͬõģֻΪ֮ǰΤɻ˵̫Щ²̨ˣ
֪׵ݣЩҲ˵ˣ
ƺѹҲûнΤɷУΤΤ峤㿴Σ
СѣȻ˵ˣҪһĵڶ׷Τ۵
ڶ׷Ҳʱ⣬ոλ˵£нİ취׵˵ҿΪΤѰһɽ
㡭˵ʲô
ΤԭȻǱߣ׵ĻҲһƨվ
𾪣
ϵ𾪻֮ȥ
û뵽һȻ˵ĻĿǰΤҵҪѰһɽǲܵģ
Ҫ֪Τҵħڣħڸ۳ƺҲüȥ
˵һӵ󳬼
ǰһ˵ҪҸɽѲ۳ΪһΤðķգ
ôΤҵҲһţȱĲһɽ𣿡׵˵
״ˣһںߣˣǣΤɵɱƵ֣
һԵΤҲŭһСӣҪܣ
Τ峤˵ûǹȻǳס΢΢ҡͷ
ΤһܡNС֮ĶԻǾͲҪ廰ˡСѣ֪νĿɽ˭
׻ʳ
ѿڶȻΤħں۳ѾӣǿԽˣ




2329̬תΤ
 

Τң
׵ĲѾΤȻĶ
Ȼ֪һﵽʲôݣܹóȲ˾Բͨˣ
Ѱ֮ôԼƷΪأ
붼Ǿò˼飬ΤȲǿļ壬Ҳ᲻õģ
ϾƷȻмۣȴУ
ֻΤ֮˶û뵽ǰһȻеڶ׷
˵׻ʳ⼸ֵʱ򣬲ΤһԵΤӺΤҲڵ
׻ʳ
ɽ綼ЩΪ֮½壬ʵøɵ
ֹ֡ӣǴ׻ʳˣ
Τ̬һӻ˺ܶ࣬һ˿֮⣡
Ȼǰһʵƽƽ˼Դ׻ʳĻʵƽƽأ

˵һԵΤҲǷ˷ۣ
ʱΤҲǸоЩ£Ǹղһ嶯նɱ˴˵Ļֵһ
ΤҼз֮棬Ҫͬʱħڡ۳ʹ׻ʳĻǿûˣ
û뵽ֹӾȻԴ׻ʳʧʧ׻ʳ۾ɽǿߣҲҵĶ󰡣
Τһƨľ˳ȥûа취ΤҼҪһɽ
һԵΤҲЦŵǰ׻ʳ۾û뵽ǼϦ۹⻹ǲ
Τô˵Ѿǳ׵ĸıԼ֮ǰ̬ȣ
ֻлһЩɻ󣬾ǰɾڵļһܹڴ׻ʳ˵ϻ
ΤɴʱҲЩҲ廰ˣҲ֪ԼҵΣֵĿԺʹ׻ʳϹϵĻôΤٻһĿռ䣡
ΤЦŵֹӣ֪ǷԴ׻ң
ǰɡ
׻Ĳ̫˵ԼݣҲͺǵ˵
ֻΤ׵˵֮Ҳ΢΢Щʧ
ǰ֮Դ׻ҵĻΤһĿ辶׻ʳϹϵ
۳ѾûϣˣħҲҪжĥɱ¿
Ѿ޴ˣ
Τһ˿Цݵֹӿɸʥ˵ϻܹ׵۾ĻϦĻ¾û⣡
û⣡
״ʱȻ뱩¶ԼݣԣѾǿԶˣ
ʱūгΤҲԲˣҲȥĲ
˵ʵ׶ΤЩǳĲͬ
ᣬÿΤеʱҲԶλɵۼǿߣֶΪأ
ֹӹȻˬ죬Ȼ˵ĻNϦ
Τ΢һЩȻ׵ĻЩŽɣ
׵ĳ֣Ѿһµϣ
ڲھᵽǸħںǸ۳ˡ
׻ʳȷһµѡ
һԵΤӿΤ磬Ŵ׵۾֮ǰڳֹǿնɱ۳³鰡
˵ʲô³ˣ⡭ⲻܰɣΤһΤӵĻҲ𾪵Ŀ˿һԵ׵ֹӿ֪飿
СϢأЦŵ
̫磬ѾϢ֮ˣֻ׼ȷԻдΤʼ
ܣ϶ܣڵɽﻹʲôϢ⻰ƶ֪Ƕٸ汾еһˡ
ΤҲЦģ
ΤӸЦ磬Ѩδ򰡣֮ǰ˵б۵ģ׼˵ţû뵽׵ֹӶѾˡ
ֹӣǲŴ׵ĵ۾ֻʵţΤҲǸ״˸к
ʵѹҲģϾô׻ʳһ۳ԣ
ĸ۳նɱ۳Ǽֱǲܰ
Ѳ׻ʳԼ
׿˵ʵЩ㲻ΪģģΪģǼٵģ
û뵽ֹ˵
ΤףȻ̬ȹǫĺˡ
һӰ´֮У
׿Ҳסˣû뵽Ȼôˣ
Τ£
Ůôˣ
ʵΤҲǸղŰΤɣ˵˸ΤϦ׵ҲȤ
ԭҪ˭ԼףֻôҲû뵽˾Ȼף
Ȼ㣡
Τһףɫ৵һ¾ͱˣ漴һŭ𣡣
Ҳû뵽ԼļУȻһεǸ֮Ƕˣ




2330ܻΤ
 

ʶ
ΤһԼһŮ֣Щܵüͷ΢壡
ȻŮƺôϲ
ʵΤҲΤ飬ֻǺΤħڣΤĲϲ
ȻΤħںʵϲħڣ
ʱΤԸĺܣԽǲʲô飬ƫƫԽҪʲô飡
ΤϦȣΤʵЩΤʡģ
һΣΤȴûѯԼŮôʶǰλֹӵģ
ʶĻʱҲþȷݲǣ
ȻʶǻɻҲʶ
Τ¿ף͸һӵĺâȥŭ죡
Τ˵¥黹Ŀ
һĻѾˣ
뵽˧ޱߵˣΤµоһɷŭĻ磡
ԭΤС㣬¥һּˣ΢΢һЦƺûκεߣ
ֵģ·㲻ߣ㴳״ˣһ첻۸ңΤҶˡ
Τ¿ЦһĿĺܼ򵥣ǾҪԼӵ˲ú
Τ˶ֹ֪ӵݣ
ݣʲôݣΣΤһһëͷСӰɣΤҲǵʲõ˵
ߣΤ£ԽԽĿǰɣ¥ҿԽԽˣ¥ʲôطȻȥֵط
ΤĶѪˣԼŮǲʡİ
¥֮¥ΪһŮ˾Ȼȥĵط
⻹
һԵΤҲһ£ݵú֣Ͻ£
壬ƾʲô°ȥ¥Ϊһʱץһͷβ׼ΪūгһЩ룬û뵽Ȼһغˣ
Τ˵Ȼǲ˵صˣץ˾βһ壿
Ů˻Ǹں߰
ΣֹϦδô𣿡
ΤʵЩԼŮ
Τ۾һɵģҪȢǼϦΰɣ
ֹӣǶԲסˣŮΤҲ΢΢һ̾ҵףϾ˼Դ׻ʳˣ
Ȼ˵ħں۳׻ʳЩˣôأ
˼Ҵ׻ʳɽҲǶһĵĴڣ
ҲΤܹģǻܹȥûһϵĻΤ³ָҪжôأ
ԣڼĶΤҵˣΤҲֻܹίȫˣ
Τ²⣡
Ϊ֪Τڵ׳Σ
ΤΤµһԭΪΤħ֮ˣ
֪Τ׵Ļһ뵽ħڵĶУʱΤ뵽ٲĵز
װڰֵ޷ҿΤСֻЩԶѣ
һȥֵģһʱڹȥұ𣿡
ΤƺĶŭˣ֮гɱ
һ㣬һԵΤΤӶܵĳֲĸΤ׵ݣ
Τȱŭ£ǸǲҸˣ
һΤ£Ѿͷӣºܿ˾֪ˣⲢΤҪĽ
ԼŮҲ΢΢һ̾ʵĺܣ
׿Τ£ҲЦŵţ
ۣ
Τ±һˣΤҵĵϣԼȻһεƣ
ŭˣ
ݣ
һĨǿĽֱΤµĸǰŰ
¡
ΤһƣֱӻΤµ
ž
εʱΤžһӣ
ţ
ΤЩŵĿԼĸףΪһˣһ۸Լ˾ȻԼ
۾ͭһģˮ֮ʪգ
ί
ΤֹΤҵĹͣõδ㾹Ȼ㣬ֱ󵨣ҹȥ
úúãֵҵţҵţǲҾͲΤ
ΤԼ;˳ȥʼնǱһ˿֮ɫ
Τ˳ȥʱΤɺΤϦҲǴ˹
ԭһΤ¿ԼĽ˳ȥҲЩ죡
׵ĵ׵˷
Լ˵иֵףΤϦһľܵ´
ЦеվǱߵһ̣ˮҲ鲻Խ˳




2331¼ΤϦ
 

Τ´
ΤϦһο׵ʱֱף
׿ΤϦҲӵһ飬⵹һԵΤΣ
ԼŮҲ̫˰
Ҳֻһֻ۱һֻۣҪȷһֵĵǲԴ׻ʳ
ΤΤϦ΢΢һЦϦλֹӿ׵ģڿӣҲͷˡ
лл״˳ȫ
ΤϦҲɫߺ죬Ҳۣ
ԭΤϦΪ׺ܿΤףû뵽һȾǶʮ꣡
Ȼɽǿ˵ʮ겢ʲôɶΤϦ˵ԭڴҲǱ˽ˣ
Ϊпܻ᲻ҪԼˣԴ뿪֮Ҳĳȥˣ
һҪ˵Ļôأ
ΤϦֻܹߵȴţһȾǶʮ꣡
˵ʵΤϦԼоЩˣʼôһ˿ڴ
ԭΤϦֺܶģɶʮĵȴ˽棬ܹƵסأ
ҪΤΤϦĻڸӵ˷ܣ
ǵԵֹ֣Դ׻ʳǿΪΤ׻ʳ֮ǣߴţΪֹӿ׵۾Τʶأ
ΤЦŵʵҲǵ׺ΤϦһεȷһ£
ΤϦһ㶣
Լĸ׸׵۾棿ײǴ׵۾ӵ鰡
Ѳһֱڶûб¶Լݣ
ΤϦҲЩѯʣ׳ΤϦЦЦȻΤΤ峤ģû⣡
˵ûûģ
ΤϦҲֻܹ˳׵Ļ˵ˣֻЩΪʲôײԼأ
ʵΤϦ֪һ·ϣһκ۳˾ҵĳͻ
۳ڷ츲صԼذɣ
ãȻ˵Ļղײգ΢һЩʱΤҾٰһΣ
ΤˬʵЦԼŮĻǷǳĿ׵ģ
ȻôǰСӣ˵СӻЩ͵ģ
׻ʳĵ۾֣СҲ֣
Τһ׻ʳĵ۾ЩʲôݹϵҲ˵أ
ʵΤȳˣκһ˵ǻӭģ
Τֵ֪ħں۳֣Ǿͺ˽ˣ
׻ʳһϣ
֮ǰǻûǰֵСӵΪΤҿһ·
ʱ򼴱׻ʳסĻҲΤҲٵĻ˲
΢΢ͷһеƾΤ峤
ΤٺһЦã
״ˣղ½ôˣΤϦΤҲЩʵ
ߣǸѾͷҲգʡɨˣΤһᵽΤµʱҲһŭݣ
ѾͷܳȥҲ֪ȥʲôˣ
ѾͷʵԽԽˣȻȥ¥ֵطԴף˵˵ⶼʲô°
ΤҲǴ۵һΤϦĻǿпܱˣ
ȻΤԸ⿴飬ҲΤԸ⿴飡
ʳӣ
ΤôԼŮվԼŮǣ
ðɣһҪѽ㺰ԷҵĶŶ
ΤϦ֪ʲô飬Ӳ֪ΪһΤ½һΤ뵽
ֹӵĸǰ˶Ļ𣿡ΤɫЩѿ˵
ΤϦԼĸ׷ҲǱܵҰҰ죬ƺҪ˵Щʲôջû˵ĳڣ
Τҵĸۡƺʼԭſڿŵļ˿ΤͻȻٰ춨磡
һҲǳ׵ɵˣ
ղǼһﻹΤϦΤСĹүһ뵽֮ǰ˼ң˼ҹүʱҲƷǳ
ֻܹλ֪ðĹүдһʶˣ
ʱһһĹȥ
ʵΤҵһڸ߲׺ΤϦԸѣ
׵Щ⣬ΤеҲǸоԼСŮҵ˻ǲ
ٴ˵ǿԵģ
Ȼ֪׵ݣɵ˴׻ʳ֮󲻾֪
ڿλֵĹͷӦòС
Τ㾹Ȼ˽ӷõ
һûжãһȴ޾ķŭѾǴ˵ĶУ
ͬʱΤɫ׵ıˣ
ͻıһʱЩ֪룬һҲǽ




2332֮ǳ
 

Τҵڣ
ԭЦӭû뵽ʱȻ˲г
ʱڵɫһĲҰף
㣡
Τɫ䣬ԭոնƱһɫ԰ף
״ˣͻȻǰʦĪħҪΤҶˣ
ΤɵɫҲ൱ѿôҲû뵽ħڶֻ֮죡
˽ӷΤʲôʱ˽ӷˣΤһԵΤӳʵ
磬֮λ޴ǰ
ΤҲʵ벻Τʲôʱ˽عӷˣ
һԿţҲ΢΢һ̾
û뵽֮ǵĳôͷԼһЧʻǷǳĸߵİ
ֻ·ߣȴ
¡
Τ˻δȥΤҵĴѾǳ׵ı俪
һ˿棡
˸ۡǳ׵Ľ࣡
Τ֮һҲľսĿԶӰǵķ򼲳۶
㣡
а֮ӣҲ֮γ
ֻԱߣվˣһ¥ķһΤ£
ʵϣ
ʧ֮֮Ǳ㿪ͨ
ȥ֪ԼĶӷ˾βһأ
ԭҲǾͦĵģҪӵ˾βһĻǴһ
Ҫ֪βһǴòǴӻ˵ħڵİǼģ
ԭħھٹ죬ڼϾβһĻĻȻǸӵĿˣ
ӵ߱˵ԼĶӴ׽þβһȻ谭ɵۼǿߣ
д󾪣ڵѾͻɵ۳ڵΪɵڵǿߣ
ֻǵϵβһصʱȴԼĶӰѾǳ׵ʧǱߣ
βһ֮вһ˿Ѫ֮ζҲŭѣ
ԼĶߵĻȻҪǸһʬΣ
ݷ˵òʲôѾǻ˳֮ǵĳ֮ϣ
ΪǸһпѾ뿪֮ǶղѵʱΤȴˣ
Τ£
ŵӣʵ֮Τ»΢һЩϾΤҳ
ĸߵҲֻ֮ǰԣΪʦã
ǿ֮Τ¿ɾͲڸߵˣ
ΪаɵĶӣҲǾǿ֮һ
ֻһΤ¾ȻԼǸпնɱԼӵ˵Ϣ㱩ŭ֮ҲǴֱӳΤң
һɱڵӣΤµҲһĿɬ
ԭֻȴĿӦòףΤң
ݵʧԶӭ
Τ֪׷ʲô飬ŭӣҲǳ
ΤҺħȻûг׵˺ɸ߲֮ʵѾȷˡ
ֻΤû뵽ħڶֵٶȾȻ֮죡
ߣΤԭΪΤֻЩѣڶһЩʱգû뵽ǾȻ˽ӷ
㿴ΤǵģƺҪΤ̻һ㣡
ΤЦҪΤҶѾһ˰ɣα̬أΤΪħҲ˺ͣħȴ˿ûκεľ飬˿ɱ̾
ߣΤһССΤħڻУѾ˵ˣΪץӷġ
㻹û˼Τ߶죡
ֻ˿ѾǾ¾ΤңΪԼĶӱˣ
ӷ֮ﰡΤʲôʱӷˣ
ΤŭһȻ֪׷ʲô飬ΤվߣкĨһ˿ɱ
ǻʳӣ
ԼŮȻΤҵİΣڲˣң
ֵģΪ㻹𣿡
㿴ף˿̻ŵĻѾǽʬˣ
Ҫľȷ׵ǲɱԼӺˣ
ǻῪЦҺúõվߣ𣿡
Цһ㻹Լ̲˰ԼбҪ
һڲʱԼҲһʰһģ
ֹ֡ӷ
ΤҲڵⶼĸİ
Τ¿ˣӷϢѾˣֻΤڹ֪Щ˷ŹΤң
Τ£ȻҷΤϦɴ۾ԼĽ㣬ʱҲǼȵѿ
ʲô̫ˣǿǲ۲۵ɵ۳۷ǿ߰
֮ǰд˵λѾͻƵɵڣ˵ĻΣˣ
㻹ΤҶŮ
ΤҲǿΤŭһôҲû뵽Τ¾ȻΪѹΤҵһݣ
ˣǲɱҶӣ
ɱĶӣ
ΤҲסˣɱ֮𲻹찡
ôͣһɾڵļһ
ܹɱ磿
һʱ䣬˵Ŀⶼףǲ֪Ϊʲôô˵




2333һߵڵΤ
 

֮ǣΤң
ʱΤһƬŵգƺһпѪɺӣ
ͻȻ֣Τ˵ͷ϶һӰ
ΤĲһ㶼ѪˣһεΣѾȻԼŮġ
ڵΤԼΤ֮˿Τ¶һƬɫ
Τ֪Ǹǻǻ㲻
ʦѲһģ
ٳ統˵ĻΤҪѸϵ¶ǲˣ
ΤĿʵֹӣ㻹ǸϽһ°ɣӦʲôɣ
᣿Τ˽ҿƹΤңִԲĻǿɹֲñˣ
һ̤ΤҲΪ֮һ
ΤΤɴ۾㣬ǵüͷĺܽ
״ˣֵĲʲôöһȰɣΤҿɲΪһ˶
Τ¹ΤĸǰʱʵҲЩˣ
֮ǰһĻðɵĻҲ
ûкҩԣΤ¶ԸͲڣֻǾЩԲסΤҶѣ
Τû̫ԥף
ѾǲܵˣǰλֹӴĿǴ׻ʳ
ĵĻΤҲܴˣ
ΨһϣǼ˴׻ʳϣôԶ·أ
ֻܹΤʲôҲ֪ΪΤһǸħڽõΤң
ΤѾħĲˣָʲôʱΤҾͻᱻħѹˣ
һԵΤϦΤ£ıҲǳ׵
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ԲԸ⿴ģɼȻѾȾ棬ôܹأ
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ΤţֻҪʱһˣԼҲһѣ
ߣǽҷߣҲԲܶ
ΤϦһֱҲǷǳǿңһΤ֪ܲ
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ΤΤ£㱻ΤɨسţԺ㣬ΤΤң
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ţ
Τ¸оһʵ̫ˣû뵽ԼԭΪ˲ֵŶ
ڵȴΪĶˣΤô벻ͨ⵽Ϊʲô
ʵϣ벻ͨҲģ
֪ΤڵĴĻôͻ֪ΪʲôΤ˵£Ҳûκεˣ
ΤΤ˵ⷬʵϲľ
ʲôˣΪ֮ǵĳȻһ㶮ˣ
ΤȻţΤҷѵľѾˣ
㸺ֶŶΤҲ¶һ˿Ц
ΤΪħԼҹ࣬ɵͷأħжĥɱ¿ʵǺΤ֮ġ㣬ǽҷŹΤңأҪΪΤɵӣħҪΤ֮ĿѾ˰ɣ
Τ㣬Ƿһ˿мЦݣ
˵Τǳ飬ԭһΤ֮˶һЩʱգҷѾûҪˡ˽ﷸħԣⱾ·һ
ǻͶడ
Τ㣬Ҳ֪һսˣ
㵽ʲôʵ˵硣
ʵΤǰ֣ʱɵ۳ڵʵ
ˣΤܵľʵӦûûͻƣ
ԣħڳ׵ķʱҲ˳뿪ߣ
ҲΤΪʲôҪ׵һԭΪѾΪΤĵˣ
㣬ҪֵܶʵΣ
һԵΤӿ㣬ıҲһȻ
㣡
λ֮ǵĳǿߣһ¶Լݣ




2334᧿Σ
 

ƾҲҪԶ֣ǻԼ𰡣
ΤӵĻĿ֮һεķһ˿䣡
㡭ʲô˼
ΤΤӼͬʱʵ
ͻȻ˵ĻһӸоЩ
ѲһԼ֮⣬ʲôĺֲɣ

ΤΤ֮ʣΧֳ˼Ӱ
ಣ
ĵӰΧ
׼Ұռҡռݼˣ
ȼ͡ݼˣ
ĵӰĳ֣ΤΤϳֳһƬ֮ɫ
֮Ǽ˭˲֪˭˲
׼Һȼ֮ǵ壬һɳݼǿģ
λɵۼǿ߳ߵһ̣Ѿһߵˣ
ٺ٣Τ˿ǴӦǣΤҵĻԺūгɾ͹ˣ
ռҿΤıѾ˵һУ
Ԥı
ΤԭΪͻȻͻ״ڿΤ֮ѾȻˣ
ռңû뵽㻹ħڵһ
Τŭһ֪ΤѾ˾֮УΨһεľԼļܹ֮ӳȥ
ΪΤұһ˿𣡣
֪ǰλɵǿѾǺѶԸټ㻢
ΤҵҪȥǲ̫ˣ
Τ֮Ҳƿڴ֮Ȼ񰡣
ռҹһЦΤʲôʸ˵Ļǰ׼ħã޳Ҳ֮е飡
޳ռң㻹ǻԼ𰡣
ΤĿŰռңʱѾǽԼս˼£
һԵͿΤ΢΢һ̾Τ˵ǺοأԭҪôƫƫִԲΪһɾڵСӾȻ㣬
ͣһֱãռҳҲ֣û뵽㾹ȻҲ
ΤͣЩҧгݵ˵
΢΢һ̾Τҽǲɽ֮ǿΪȼȻҲܸ㷸ɣ
úúãȻ˵ĻΤֵܵҪжͣ
Τбһľ⣬֪ʲôΪǿ
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һʱ䣬ԭڶŵѾǶ
ΤҵĹ㳡׵Ʒ
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붼֪Τֵܵ˵ˣ
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ڼλɵۼǿߵĻǵΤҵˡ
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ΤϦףҲǳ׵Ļ
ʵΤϦҲ֪׺ҲܶԸô˰ɣ
һԵΤɳϦֹߣ
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׵ͷ黹ûеôĵزΤ峤
㡭СڻпտЦΤƵ˵
磬㡭ҷһòãС𡭡ΤϦѵ
ߣôˣϽߣΤӳȥһһΤɳڲߵĻôһ¾߲ˣ
ߣ߰һֱǿˣҪȻ߰ɣ
ΤϦ֪߿¶߲ˣ
ΤΤҵĵϵΤϦҶߣ˺أ
˵ϦһһĶûа׿ΤϦ΢΢һЦ
㡭а취
ΤϦϸֳһĨ֮ɫҪԼķ˵а취Ļа취Ҳ˵أ
˵СӣҪǿǴӴ׻ʳķϣһƺŲţʱŮ˵ǰҪˣ磿ǲ֪ÿһ㰡
ΤҲЩ֪˵ʲôˣ
ԭСӻǱȽϵĳȣٱ֮ԼҪȺܶ࣡
һֱЩһԭһЩװβǣ
ȻΤѾͶҴ׻ʳȻҲῴΤұģ˸磬ͰߴŰɣ
׵˵ʱ򣬼ǲ뱩¶Ҳǲܵˣ
ֻǵΤ׵Ļ֮˶סˣ
ޣ
һﾹȻԳΪޣѵһ




2335¾ֵΤ
 


ΤЩ֧֧˵ˣȥЩܵ˾ţ
˿̣
һο׵ʱѾһЩ仯
磬ôˣ
ΤϦΤɵӣҲЩо֣ܿ׹ôˣ
֮ǰΤϦһ׵ݵʱҲԼĸõȥ
ʱΤϦϻһĽԼ˿Ϊ֮Ĵڲ
Ȼ֪һεܲͦѹأӣҲа࣡
״İȫУҲһֱ׵ԭ
ղ˵˵Լ˭ΤɾֵĿס
ΤϦЦŵ磬֮ǰЩҲΪ׵Щ⣡Ǵ׻ʳĵ۾ףǴ׻ʳĻʺأ
׻ʳĵ۾Ǹף㡭㶼ǻʺˣ
ΤɵӿȥЩЦƺһӻǺѽʵ
ʵʵҲýܲ
Τû뵽֮ǰԼһֱƺͳˣȻ߳ɽף
һ뵽ߣ֮Ҳ亹죡
̫Ĵ̼ˣ
ΤһƺЩԽܣȴȼһ˿ϣ
ΤϦҧҧ촽͡Ǵ׵۾ڵο¡
Щϣ𣿡
ΤɱͻĽŪЩ±ƣҲȼһ˿ϣ
ֻҪɹһεѹأΤһпܰڵֲ
Ƕɹһεѹأ˵ʲôҲûκεˣ
˿̣
֮УսڼΤΤѾЩǿ֮ĩĸо
λʵ൱ɵ۶սǣǽǿ֪ģ
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ֶսˣʤֻһһʽ֮䣬οһľأ
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ȭΤϣΤȱڵأѪ
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ΤԼؿڣ֮һƬ֮ɫ
Τѣ˵ͻȻͣ
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Τӵ۾յĹԲͷϸ¶óΤ
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һԵİռҺٺһЦˣΤұֻʱ⣬ҪǼ˵ӳȥǾ޿ܣ
峤峤ǷģԺūгĲҵǵˣֻҪħ֦ͬôԲǵģ
㵱ΤҵѾǽΤҵĲҵ˰׼ҺȼңʵѾ൱ڲΤκεĻˣ
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䣡
ΤѾûκεİ취ˣֻܹ֮лһ˿Ŀжѣ
Τ˵֪˵ʲôҲûκεˣ
ٺ٣ΤΪǻһħĺأ
ռҺٺһЦǷһ˿Цݣ
һԵͳ峤ҿǻǲҪǷϻˣ˵氡
ðɣ峤ȻȥĻǾͷ͵ɣ
ռҲ΢΢ҡͷƺЩδĸо
ݣ
âէ𣡣
ֺĽѾǳΤΤӵķһϮ
ֵ
ΤΤ֪һɱ⣡
ӲͷƤ
ὣ׼һεĳ֮УΪǱΤϣˣ
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籩ϯΤң˵һѾҪˣ
Ҳֿһ˿Ц⣬û˿֮ͬɫ
ħ£ǲأ
οԼĶӺ⼸˻пǼһϣֻЩ֣ǼһʵΪʲôһֱأ
ʱΤΤѾЩľĸоǵֵס˼ֹ֮Ҳǳ׵û
ԶһĽһγǵķնɱʱǼͬʱԼ۾
䣡
޴Ľײ쳹Τң
ֻΤΤһε۵ʱȴѾһվԼĸǰ
ӰôϤ




2336֮ʳŴף
 

ȫһƬ֮ɫ
ԭ˶Ϊ׼ҺȼҵĺΤҼʷ
û뵽һ̣Ȼͻ䣡
һȥЩӲ赲˵ĸǰ

ΤΤӵ°Ͷ쾪ˣǿǰǵӰ˶ڵ
ֹӣ
ǸԼΤҵŮһ̾Ȼǵǰ
磬⡭һﾹȻ
ΤӿΤӷ·ڸˣԼʲôһ㣡
ΤҲʿˮ⡭ⲻܣôֵܵסôǿߵķһأⲻܣԲܣ
Τͷҡĸ˹һ㣬·𿴵ʲô˼һ㣡
ƺǰһѾǳⷶΧ֮ڣ
࣡
ͬʱ˵ĺ֮жһ
ԭֿЦݳ׵ʧȡ֮һãȻ֮ɫ
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ޣ㡭Ǻˣ
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׵˵޷Զӣ˸оһİ©
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ħڣ׻ʳ
һǶԼǲ𰡣
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ʥϹȻǿĺֻܰǲ֪֮ǣôĴ׻ʳֽأ
һᣬѾ棬Ȼǲݣ
ԼĶһϣԼɵڵǿߣԼӵĳ𶼱˵ĻôǱ˳Ц
ԲܷŹף׼ȻѾվˣƺҲûдŹǰЩˣ
ЩպĵˣһЩԺһЩ
ΤҴ׻ʳǱ޵ҪҴ׳ǿҲӦ
׵˵ҲǴһ˿ŵЦݣ
ףݵò񣬾ʵǿΣҵλɵǿߣɵۺڵǿߣ뿪ʱΪ㽨һĹģ¸¡
ıνɵۼǿ߶սһλƿνԲˣ
ο׳Ϊʵ㹻ǿֻĵ㹻ѣ
֮ǰ۳³ʱ³׶׵̬Ҳǲмһ˶ѣ
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׵˵֮ҲĨһ˿ɱ⣡
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³ף
۳פ֮ǵλҲ֣
һĨ׳ϢΤ֮˵ϣ
©ƫҹꡭ




2337³
 

ԭȼһ˿ϣΤһ̳׵˾
׵۾ĳָΤϣ³׵ĳΤҵϣ
ԭһѾΤΤֵܲʲôϣˣֶһλɵڵǿߣֻˣ
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ֻΤƵǣ۳κεĹϸΪʱ³Ҫأ
ΤҲȻˣ
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˭СôԸأ
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³ҲܹԼΤҵĻô˵Ҳһ£
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ΤҲЩŵĿԶףǳԾѾ˵һˣ
˵Ļǽһְλɵۼǿֲ̫߰ˣƾ׵۾һˣͬʱԸɵڵǿߺλɵ۳ڵǿߣ±ȵ컹Ѱ
ΤҲ΢΢һ̾һ뵽ݣҲǸоһ
״ˣҵӦô찡ΤɿΤҲǽʵ
Τȣ
ȣΤЩĿΤ׵ʲô˼
ΤһԳNʥϦķǱΤҵϣΤΣڵϦܹĹȥΤҾǱסˡǴ׵۾죬Τұֻܹˣ
ס壬֡׻᲻ΤϦЩǵĿΤʵ
Τ̾һǴʥֻһ˵Ļһս¡
ΤϦɫһ䣬Ҫ˵ֻʱԶѾǿˡ
һ²ԸˣСֿݣ
׵һŭȣ׵һһѾǳˣ
˶ǵɴ۾ֿݺСѹҲ֪˾Ǵðģ




2338ǿƵĳ
 


ֿݣ
˼ͬʱ׵ңһʱΤһƬȻ
⡭׵۾ȻǴŰİΤо˰
˰ɣλɵۼǿߣħڵ۳Τҿˣ
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ΤһԵ磬׵۾˵ݣкҲ˵أ
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ռҲһרĸо
ǲ֪Աߵսֲ֮ѾԶǵˣ
˵ã˾ͽǣ³һԸСΣ
³׳ٺòˣ
׵ĿһԵֿݺСսپ
սپ
ռһ⼸ֵʱһͷƤ飡
Ҳ̫˰ɣôǰ׼Һȼĸǿɵۼǿ߰
ǰ˿ȥҲ͸Լ࣬û뵽һﾹȻ˵ⷬ
СٺһЦʥϣһӣ
ۣ
СĻȫһƬ֮ɫ
һĴɵǿߣĻǼٵİ
ֻǵ˻ûзӦʱСȭѾǳŰռҵķɱȥ
ǿޱȣ
ȭͷ̩ɽѹһ㣬ֱ˰ռҵķؿȥ
⡭ôܡ
ռҵɫɷףǰ֪ðļһһУֱӺ䴩Լؿڣ
䣡
Ѫ
ռҺȻأˣһԵ͵ŵֱˣ
СԭվһԵ͵˵һ




2339±
 

ֲ˹
Сǿᣬ˶Ŀɿڴ
ǲ֪ǰһﵽ˭Ϊʲôôǿ᣿
ԭΪ׻ʳΪǿ֮˾ɣǷԼƺˣ
ԱߵʲôССģҲһ۲۵ĳְ
һ˰׼峤
ȿֲĹֱȼ֮ԶݶȥĿսѾ֮Զ
׼ҵһλְռ磬˿ҲǱԼĸʧ
һУ
ԭľ棬ֱӱ
׼ҺȼԼ̬ѾǱԼǴ˿ȻûȥҲΪҪ۲ƣ
һһʤʱֻܹˣ
ʱİ׼ҺȼѾǰû֣Τʲôʱ׻ʳֳϹϵˣ
ǿƵĴ׵۾ϣøҩԳԣʲôҩɳأ
³³⡭һÿֲ
ʿˮ³ף֮ǰֵǿһ̶ǻΪ˿־壡
ˣ׵ĺˣ
Сղŵһ㶼ΪԼܹӲǿȾܹһλɵ۳ڵǿ㣡
бӿֲ
ֻСϢǸ֪Сʵݣ
֪ĻҲˣΪǹϵɽΪǿû֮һ
³ҲĿɿڴĿǰһУвһ˿Ҫܵ
б䣬ǸСΣ
³㡭ҲҪߣ
ʱоôĹԮ֮ǰеһƺǻΪУ
û뵽۳ƨһ׼Ҫˣ
³׳ҵȲ֪˻жٵԮǿжֵĻǵʱ»бɱСҲһʱ
ʿˮ³ԼǣҲûصħ֮븸״˵ˣ
һƺһ£
˵ĶԻΧ˶°Ͷˣ
СһУֱҪˣ
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֮ǰǰ׺ڿ˼֮ǾȻ붼ˣ
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ΤҷǳϣܹߣȴЩˣ
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ΤҲһ׵۾֣Ȼǲͬ찡һΤӹһٰ
ֹӹһ٣Ϧ޸˴ʥϣԺΤҲһ򰡣ΤҲЦŵ
óΤҵҲһã
˵һ׵ͻȻּȽΤҵǰΣҲΪΤԺķչָ˷
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ʵϣ
ΤϦ֮ǰһֱⷽĵǣ׵ǿ֪ġ
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׵۾˵ĺ䶯ɽ磬˵㲻֪ôİɣ
ΤҲһεĿΤϦԼûǺ֪
ΤϦʼ磬ʵЩҲ˵̫࣬׵ʵҲǺ
ڽΤҵ飬Ѿ൱Ŀˣ
Զ
³׺Ѿˣ׵ƺǿʲôЦһĿˣ
ɱԼɱԼӾӣ
һﻹİԼǿп޵Ŀˣ
Ǻǣλ֮ǰ˵ҪɱޣҪˣ²׵ɣ׿³׺㵭˵
ףҪҪǽһպȻȡ
³ЦһҲһıƣ
ҶģһСӻʲô֣ʱԼˣ
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ΪɵڵǿߣԼǺֵǮİ
һԵҲħڣϴɾӵɡ
λ˵ĺ׳޺ȱɡ
׵Ŀʼ³׵ϣһԵСѾǶ㣡
ƾҲҪǣǼҵȣڳ֮˱һˣ³пһ£ȴ䣡
ôҲû뵽ҪߵʱһﻹҪ




2340ɵǿߵײ
 

磬⡭ʥҪʲô
ΤԭЦ֮ˣ˼ҶҪˣû뵽׾Ȼߣ
Σ
֮ǰȷΣˣӲĽΣһε˻
ΤҲһ±ƵĿԶףЩ֧֧˵⡭ʥǵˣǿλɵڼǿ߰
ǰʥڸʲô߲͵һҪĴĻǿɾͲ˵˰
ΤҲǼȹϵϣԭѾƽˣôһ
˵϶һķףҪǴĻδӮ
³׺ֻǾпܻԮ֣ΤȴԮֵĿԲǺܴ
Ȼ׿ȥȷռһЩƣƲԣ
ʵܱƴҪǿöɣ
ֻ˭Ҳ׵۾ΪʲôʱҪǿеסǰˣ
ΤҵĹ㳡֮ϣ
סֿݺС˳֮ƣ³У
³ȻǱ̼ˣŭһףԭһƽϣû뵽㾹Ȼôߣ浱۳㲻ɣ
һԵҲЩܻĿףǱĿ˰
ҲǳȻһѰ˼Ǳˡ³СǷˣ
ʲôɱ
³һĿɬһӲסԼ϶ʲộ
ʱԲܷģ
ղԼҪߣѾǹˣ
ڱһ߲ˣ˵Ļǿ۳֮Ǿ͵Ȼ޴ˣ
Բ³Ը⿴飬ȻһﲻԼߣΨɱһѪ·ˣ
֮ǰûԼĵܵ³һеʵ³׻ĲҪߣ
ֻڣʵͰĸǰˣ
ˣ
һնսһ
ɵǿߵĳ֣ɽӣ
ټĽڿл籩ֱӳ׵ķȥ
һԵҲѧȻոսɵڣҲһλƵɵǿߣ
Ҳ׼ݣ
֮ʣȴѾǱС
ֿݺС𼸺ͬʱ㣬һԭ㣬ѾǱСֿݸס
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׵У޷潣ѾϣԶϮĽе޷Ҳһӣ
ʱΪģһΪǿĽѾϯȥ
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ڿײ˲γһǿֱӳΤҵˣ
ΤΤӼͬʱƴȫ赲
λɵ۳ڵǿ˵ʲô̫ϰ
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˺ȻĿ֮еˣǴ˿̲ŸоλʥΪʲô˵ţ
³׵Ľ˲ˣüͷҲ΢΢
Цһߣ֮ǰʥûнɱѿ֮һ󰡣û뵽̶̵ʱ֮ڣ㾹Ȼչ˵ĳ̶ȣ
ϣȱһҩ¾Ǻҩˣֻϧûе
ݸһЦ۳֮ǰȫΧԼĻԼΣˣ
ֻϧΪѰһʱԼѾͦȥˣ
ڵ۳Ҫ˴׻ʳ˵ǲܣɼǲˣ
ձҪʬΣ
³һЦȻûκεĵ֪һսһ
Ѿûκε·ˣ
һ
³׵ֿһ˿ЦʱǣλɵڵǿһʩչԼľѧ
ף³׵ĽѾǺȻ£
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
ƾҪΤûһ㣬֮һҲǸܵɵǿߵķŭ
ǿư⡭ɵڵǿ߰
ΤҲŵͷԭ֮ǰһУǶΪѾɵǿߵļޣ
Ƿ֣ɵǿչʾ
һУز
ֻǵǿɴݲȵݵʱҲһľ㵣
һ
׵ૼ֣δκֻͬһֺޱȵĽƺĿʼ
ǿߵĶҪ̫Ļڣ
һбԾ֮䵽˭Ӯ˭ˣ
˵ĶѾǾΪ֮ĳɰܣǵĹϵ쳣Ľܣ
ಣ
һȻĿʵʱ򣡣
ͬʱѤĹâ̼ûΤҡ




2341ʧɵǿ
 

¡
һ޴ı죬֮³׵мΪģĹһɢ
ЩһʯͷӽˮеĲһ㣡
ɷǺÿ
ֻâıŵһɱ¾
𣬱һ˵Ľâ
â֮Գ
ΤѾǱȥ˴룡
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׵Ѿǳ׵ʧ˵֮УһεĿ׵ʱ򣬷Ѿһһһ࣡
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³Ȼûֻ˺ص˶ѣ
һλɵڵǿߣǶôĲףһȻҲ֪ģ
ĻᣬȻҲҪΪãʵշ˵ĻǵʱնɱҲ٣
һ࣡
ƺûôˣСķѹѾ׵ʧȥģ
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Сֿݵ˫£Ѿǳ׵Ъˣ
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ֶͬΣ³ոջŵһļһѾǳױëķˣ
ҵѽ׵۾ֲ֮
ǰǿλǿ߰һ۳𰡣
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䲻ĸɵۼսǵûʲô뷨
ΤΤɵۼǿߣҲǱ򵥴ֱս𺳵ˣ
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ΤҲʿˮûû뵽ʥ̫ǿ˰ԭһΪڴʥϵ߼Уڿܰ
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࣡
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ټ֮ǰħں۳ΤҶ죬ͨ˺ܶ飡
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ΤɱһĿ⿴ԼʱҲкˮһӲ֪ӦôԼĸ׺Լˣ
ΤĿΤµѼ壬ն
Ҫס
ΤϦһӼϾԼ׽㣬˵ɱɱΤϦԼ
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ΤЦһɱΣǴʥϳ֣Τҽձ֣֮һпɶλŮģ
ףҴˣ֪ˣԺҲˣ
Τ滨꣬ʱΤƺûκε֮ͬģ
ʥϣΤʥ϶ᣡ
ΤȻ֮䳯׵ķ򹰹֣ΤµĵһĿף
֪ǲҪΤҲǲܵģ
Τ´ʱЩµĿףôҲû뵽Լ˾ȻһУ
ֻǴʱƺÿһۣԼʵǿᣬ½ձԼˣ
׵˵ϾϦĽ㣬ɱϦ᲻ˣģɣ
дʥϣѹȥ
ΤһʥϵѾǸӣ
ʱѲɻ˼һȵԼŮܵ׵ı
Τµƺһһ㣬ȻΤϦҲЩܣҲõĽˣ
ײɱԼĽ㣬ѾǿԼˣο˼һΤأ
ΤΪΤµҪ𱨵Ļı˰ɣ
ʥˡﰡ
ΤҴΤµ֮ԶӰһεĳ׵˵ĸǰ
Τ˿ˣҲЦ
Ȼ




2342ˮǴߵΤ
 

Τң
·ڷīǳ
ʤŵһʤ
Ȼ˵׵ʤܹŴ׻ʳͱħڻ˵۳Ҫǿ
׼ҺȼѾûκεѡˣ
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ռˣһԵİռҲһĿ־֮ɫ
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λʥϵĸǰƺûκεһ㣡
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ΤȻǷǳЩΤҲ֨ģ
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һּΪĿ˵ֶΣǿ׶оһĿ־壡
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Τݺݵ˵ʵڵϣ˷£
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ͺͰռҼͬʱ˵óһͷɥӣ
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Ƿµҩ֮ΤҲǷĴЦ
֮ǰ״ȣΤһüĸо
ʱҲΤһεĻصѾЩǲΤ֮С




2343Τҵİ
 

Τҿ֮У
һѾ䶨
֮ҲǧٿˣΤڿ˵֮Ϊǿ
ΤҵһУԴһõŮ
˵ΤΤڿҪԼոףˡ
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ΤıŮȻʥϳΪ˷ޣΤ˶û뵽ģ
ڣ׵۾ǿƣΤҸоǾ
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Τ׾Ȼߵλãδλ֮ϣҲǹ
װڰֵԹĵΤ峤Ժ޵̩ɽֺλĵأ
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ΤŵҲǸϽʲô̩ɽ̩ɽģͷʵΪ
ɽ磬Ǹʵһеĵط
˵ǫ飬Τкãϻǲа
һԵΤϦ״ˣҾ˵Ķ԰

ΤŭһԵҲЩΣ
˵ԼŮݿɱԼҪ߶˰
ΤӿԼĴЩʧ̬ҲǸϽקקΤ磬ϦǴ׻ʳĵۺ˵ɵŵ㰡
壬ͱȡЦ˰
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һԵΤɿ׵ǵ˵ʥϣ֮Τҿ϶Ǵȥˣڲħڣǵ۳
Nݵ񣡡ΤӿΤ˸˵Ҳһ
װڰֵ޷ԭ˸粻Ҳһ£֮ǿħڣطǿ۳ȷʺϸλȥԸλҪ»һطˣ׻ʳҲǲСʱΤѡһҲǿԵģ
ѾһЩפˣ׵뷨Դ׻ʳĴ׳Ϊģ½һǿʢĹȣ
һĳ̶֮󣬻Ҳȡ۳Ϊɽµĵ۳֮һ
ʱʱ䣡
׺Τ̸δһЩ飬Τ˵Ҳϲ
ʥϵƽ׽ˣΤоΤҵδһƬĹ
ȻлЩħں۳и˷ܣ
Τ̸֮ҲǾѰһƧĵطΪڵҪĿ³׺㣡
ܹȰһλĻǶԺĴ˵Ҳһǣ




2344¾³
 

ΤҵһͥԺڣ
ԭΤϦ׼ײһᣬɴʱ׼ҴҵҲֻܹΤϦˣ
Ҳ֪ȻƷ⣬ʵѹҲǲСģ
һΣ
ΪΤң׵ħ֮ˣ
ټ֮ǰԭ͸۳˲Ըһӵˣôܹأ
ȻˣΤϦ֪һὫѹڱϵˣ
Լ壬ҲֺǺǵӣ·һо֮У
۳ħôǿߣôܹôĵʹأ
ΤϦҲһʶˣȻ֪ʱĺֻ׵ķУ
˵ʵ
һ׾ΤңΤϦг˸мʣµĶĸж
׳ֻ֮Լ߶ԼļԼ˵ʲôأ
ûѡôѡ˵ħȫԼļ壡
ͳһݸжΤϦҲԲܺģ
ͥԺ֮еһڣ
ʱȴʧ֮У˿ĻȻҲǸоһĺȻ
ʵ״˿Ѿǽ֮У
ڣ
׸ֶ˺۵³׺㣬ҲһĵȻ
⡭ʲôط
³֮ǰطʱΪԼѾأ
Ǻȴ֣طƺһĿռһ㣬ҲǾѣ
Ȼ֪طʲôط֪ط϶Ǹйأ
һԵѾ˵أЩһϢĸо
ƺҪվջûܹվӷ·һ̾Ҫһ㣡
׵˵³ףʱ򻹸˵
ҪɱҪϤ㣬³׽УҲûдųȥ
³ĺܣǵ˽ĳ̶ȣȻ˵
ǳڸ߸ϵĵλİ裡
ȴһﵱ£³΢΢һЦҪŻЩѣߵǷǳף
ߣףȷҹĿ࿴;ȻܹӵʵҲȷ̾ΪֹأҴȣʲô
³Цһƺûκ̸еĿԣ
ʼմһ˿ĵȻ³죿ܻأ³ף޼Ȼɱ㣬ȻҪ̸㽻ףܹ齵ޣ޵ǿԡ
ޣҪҹ齵㣿ΰɣ
³һȻѾ˱Ĵ㣬ͻȻ֮˵ɱֻüͷһɱһεŭȶ𣡣
ϧˣ꣬Ǻοأ
΢΢ҡͷ³һĿϧ
˵ʵ
ĸоǳĿϧܹΪõĻʡ
ɵڣ
ǿǻ֮սɱ˵Ļ˵õһЩ֮⣬ܹõʲôأ
ⲻϣĽϣ³һ֮ˣ
³˵۳ɽô꣬ûһͶҪҿĻɱ˱
³ףղѾ˵ˣɱףǰ֮ˣвףҲɱֵġϣܹ˼У
׿³ףҲ΢΢ҡͷ
³׵һӣ
˵֮£Ȼһ³˸Ҳǲģ
һԵֿݿ³³ףʥϸӣǲţһξ³
ף޿Ͷڱ֮ǰһ²⣡³׿Щɻʵ

Ļ³˵ҲԲôӲ
ʵҲ֪Ȱ³׵Ŀ΢΢ȰĿԷǸһЩ
ǲ˭֪Ľʲôأ
ˣֻЩԸΥһ³׵Щ
޹غǲԼĵˣֻ˵ͬѣ޷ֶԴ
һˣ³̾һ³ȷ˹Ŀ࿴ȻÿϧȴҲΪˡֻͬΪıȻ³ʲôɻȻҲΪ³⿪
ҲһӢϧɣ
׿³֮еҲһ˿ľ֮ɫ
˵ˣع龴أԲܷŹ³׵ģһǿĶֻԺ˵ľԼˣ
³׿Ц˽֪۳֮ǿ󣬿ɴ׻ʳȴƫƫаʥ۳ʱӦûûôǿɣҪ֪֪ʥΪβԸ۳ãȴ֮أ
³еɻʵҲһɻ
۳ǿѾģħҲˣɴƫƫȴѡ⣿
ѲɾûʲôԵ




2345׵Ľ
 

ڣ
³׵һɻ󣬶ƺѾǿˣ
֪˵ûΨ·ߣһͶһ
³׾ԲͶģ
Ϊ³ģͶĻ۳пܵģ
ҲԲͶģ
ȻˣһǱԼ˶۳ͷĻôԼǿԻ
ԼļأǾԲܻģ
³Ųٵź˽Ҳĺĳ
ԣȫ຦ȡᣡ
³ѡԼԼļ˻
ʵҲ֪³ôкܴһԭΪԼ
һˣԼͼ֮ѡⱾһǳʹ鲻
ɽ֮УΪأ
ܶΪԼܹӣ³ȻǱȽϸеģ
ֻ³ʵ벻ͨһССĻʳôһ۳أ

׿³׺ǺһЦ³Ҫ֪
ʥϣǱԸҪ֪θð֮۳ΪеģҪ֪۳ıʥɽл·𣿡
³׿Цʵһ˸Ƕһ㣬ǵˣ
׹һЦ³֪㻹ǵòǵһˣ
㡭Ǿ̫幬ˣ
³׿ף֮Ĩһ˿ĺȻ֮ɫ
иӵɻˣȻĺܣɾ˵ã
ǰλ׵۾ȥҲ̫һ
ʱͻȻἰؿ϶йˣ
³İײδش³׵ĻֻԭЦݳ׵ĵȥˣ
̫幬ˮǱ㷢µԣ
׿˵һɣĽȿ˵ǳ
ʱŵĻοˣ
û뵽̫幬ȻţҾȻ۳Ƥӵ𽥵ķչ׳󣬿ҴĲԴˣ׵Ĵˡȶ۳ӵĿ°
³Ȼ֪׵ݣоĳǰһԱȶ۳ӵľв
׳۳裬һԲϱʦ֮ţǸʱûôһҵаɣ
㡭ͽܣ⡭ⲻܣ̫幬˼ӳȥ֮⣬û
³ЩŵҡҡͷǾ̫幬Ҳ˵׺ɣ
һֱĸ̫幬йϸ
Īһһģ
ɿŭֲ̫һʱ³ԼĴ
׵˵˵ʵҲɽ֮ˣʦһ˿лͨɷͨҵңңΪʦĵӣвԼʦ𱨳ĵأ³˵ǰɣ
лꣿ⡭ôܣѵǡ
³״˿̿ףƺһ뷨
׿³˵³ڵĵطǱǵʦ
ûû뵽ųɽһȻ˶ܹУҴ統ľǶԵİֻϧûҵԭͨɷͨˣ˵ôвлߣȻǡ
³һγ׵ˣϺϲ
׳³Էĵȥˣ۳ɱ̫幬֮ˣһŹģ
ʥϹȻǣΪնɱңܹԸ۳ˣղѾ˵ˣ۳Բô򵥵ģʱ³ʦһ
³׵̬ȼΪţŵɫ˵ĻӦҲ̫٣
Ѿ·ôΪ³׵ļ仰ͷأ
ݶԲ׵ķ
׿΢΢һ̾ΣһԹŻɽһ·ʧˣ۳ҲڳΪɽİʱ۳ҲҵԸҲ˵أ
㡭㲻к³ģ
³һ㶣漴Ҳŭʱ˳ѿ֮֮⣬ѾǶûκεвˣ
䣡
ֿݵĳ׼ݣѾ˵³ȫʢ״̬µֿݵĶ֣
أ
һѪˮ֮Уһ³׳׵ıʧɽ֮У
£
һԵ׵ĻҲ̲סһĲ
ովʱ̣ԭΪԼ³һһԼˣ
³Լĸǰֻã
ԥ
һ˿˿ԥѾǱ׸׽ˣ
ӵתţ㣬ôʱ䣬ѡӦҲ˰ɣ




2346ѡ
 

㡭ʲô
Щ֪ʣ֪ԼҲҪһЩˣ
ȻҲǳƽƺѾЩˣ
֮ǰֱӱ׵նɱĻĲô뷨
ѡ
ڼ֮ǰ³׵Լ̫̫𺳣ԥˣ
һԥ׵Ҳһϲ
ԭ֪ѶȺܴ󣬿ȴھ֮ʿһ˿˿ϣ
ܹĻҲῪĲ٣
ǻῪЦղŵһĻ㻹̣
Цһ˵³һ˿Ļ
ôħ֮ˣû̫ĺøˣ
ǵаɲһԼ黹ҲǼǵúģ
Զ㣬˵ҲûôĿˣ
ϸֳһĨ尾֮ɫ׳ħ֮ǲģΪͶΰɣ
ֿݣ
׸û˿ԥһԵֿһ
ֿƺЩ⣬֮Ĩһ˿âһ֮ڣɵڵĸϤնҵĽ£⵹һԺԽֵĹˣħ֮ˣҿɲô
һ˿Цݻ
ӽסĲһ£һı飡
ֿݿ㣬һֻѾסĹͷ
ԣ
һͷѵһʹధ
ֿݺٺһЦʥ֪ɵڵǿߣҲмȵʹУϾԼģҵĵһȻ꣬ʮ֤꣬ˬ찡
ħħ
ߣͷƤ飡
˵ħڵֶˣɽֿݵֶ֮󣬸ĸоֻһ
Ǳй֮޼
ʵû뵽ɽ֮оȻ˱ħڸӵĲ̣
ʮľ꣡
ĻǻֱӸһأ
ħǶҵĿ佱һͻ֪ħʵûҿ£
ֿݵҲǷһ˿Цʵôйһ߳Ƥ
ʾĻֱһȥһˣ
ԣ
һͷһ֮ʼմһ˿Į
š
ƺҲܲסļ尾һ뵽滹ôĥ˾͸оһĲ
΢΢һЦָıˣ׻˵úãţοһĸ޵ĻʱҲ㣡
㡭㵽Ҫô
㿴ףһȻ
ԼĶӱǰ֮ɱȴѾ˽
ʲôȽӸӵ
ҲԼ뷨ΪΨһ׹Ѿ׵УʵħѾǣˣ
³׵ȣڿ˵һ˳ԱȫҲ
Ҫ˵һ֮˵ĻǱԼĸˣ
Լĸ׶ԼôСһֱħڲпľ֮вŴģ
ԼʵǿԵĻѾǱˣ
ĻҪ³׵̫̫ˣҲΪʲôһѡͶԭ
Ȼ컹ǳӲ˭ҲóѾҪˣ
ȡľѪΪ޵ˣ
׵˵Ψһܹˣ
֮ǰİ׼ҺȼһԿɻ굤ƣѾɵڵǿߣһлգ
Ϊ˱ѡΪ׵ķʽ
Ѫ
׵־ڸǵӦˣ
ʥϣңҡҿԸһܣЩʹ
Ѿˣ׿ɲںʲôܣ
οǿסĻʲôԼأ
ֻһΣղסĻǿɾ͹ֲˣ
׿㣬ҲǸֳһ˿ͷӣ
֮£
ֻȡԼľѪһȻ
ˣ
ӵķɢأʼסľѪ
ܿ죬һĨĹѾû֮У
һοʱȻ˺ۣü֮ҲԵùܶˣ
ϲʥϣջһλֿݺСͬʱ׹ֵ
΢΢һЦħ֮ˣսȴҲǲġһλɵڵǿߣڴױǶһֱ
ȷҴսǿʢ䲻۳ȴҲ壡ֿݳ
׿ֿݺСո˵һܣ޵Ҫʲôܹ




2347ħ֮Ȫ
 

㣡
׿㣬ҲǷһ˿Цݣ
һλħ֮ΪԼˣȷһ飡
ολħ֮ӻɵڵǿߣ˵ֱһȫĺ£
ټƺһЩħڵܣҲи
㿴ףҲһ˵ˣʲôԸ
ԿóʱлǺµĺܣ
ڿɲԼ˱˵УԼ˼ˣ
˱˵ˣ
Լû뵽ԼȻôһ죡
ħ֮ӣȻΪ˱˵ˣ˵ȥ¶û˻Űɣ
׿΢΢һЦ㣬ѾҵˣûбҪôˣղ˵ܣʲô˵
ǣˣ
ڼҪ¶ûˣ
һԵֿЦŵʥϣһڵǹ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˵ĺܣ
ֿνˣʵ˵ľף
˵ȻЩʱȷǿޱȣԴԼ˻ǷǳĲ
ֿǾ׷ǳĲ׳Щ֮⣬ܹõһЩ벻ĺô
ӦǺܺڣԺܹЦҲ˵أ
΢΢һЦҲԼѡѧ³׵ĻҲûа취ˣ
ƵĺܣҲ֪ԼѾûκε·ѡˣ
ףֻܹײҪ̫ˣ
̾һˣ֮ǵľͷҵĳܾǱߣ
˵˵ɡ
Ļǲ㣬Ҫνܵ
ͷ֪ûħ֮Ȫ
ħ֮Ȫʲô⣿
ĻҲһȦⶫû˵
һԵֿüħ֮Ȫ˵һħµĹ屦û뵽Ȼߣ
ֿݣ֪׸оЩƣԼû˵
ڴ˵Ļп˵ʲôħ֮Ȫ
û
ҲЩ죬ʵħ֮Ȫɽ統ҲǺ䶯һʱģ
ֻû֪νħ֮ȪǸʲôģ
ȻӲ֪νħ֮ȪǸʲôģ
ҲһĿһԵֿݣҪ˵Ŀеõһ𰸣
׿ħ֮ȪǸʲôģ
ˣһǲ֪ʵ֮ħ֮ȪĲ֮أҲֻħ֪ȻΪħڵ֮һͳ֮ǣأҵ񲢷ǿ֮ǣʵϾػħ֮Ȫ
һԵֿҲ΢΢ҡͷʥϣħ֮ȪȷǴ˵еĶɾĳʲôʲôʽ֣û˼ֻû뵽ħ֮˾Ȼ֪ħ֮Ȫʲô̫ˣ
ǰΪħڵȻ֪ڵܡͷǹĵİ
Ҳû˵ɾûκεĺøУ
νܱ֪ˣɸԼȻĶӣȻ⵽ʲô׳ʲôһ֪
Ҳ̫ô˰
ˣʵҲҸףʵҲ֪ħ֮ȪǸʲô
ƺΪ⣬ʵ˵Ҳʵ
֪ħ֮ȪǸʲôĻôܻ޶أ
ɲܹƽħ֮Ȫʲôǿţ
Ҳ֪ⶫʲôĿ𣿡һεʵ
ûУҸһ˶Խħ֮Ȫɳʱκεı仯ɽǿߵ׷ɱʧˡ
̾һħڻû˹
ôЩĹ򣬵ħѾǱ˵ˡ
ɲǾ𣿡׳ʵ
ʵҸײھţû֪䡣ǰ׸ţ˵չˣ˭Ҳ֪ʲôطչأħڿνȺףΪ׵ȴ˭ҲҶ
˵ɵ䣬ʧ٣ӦڻָԼʵ
ЦһɵҵһΣСӲһҵϣһҵϣ¾ûôõˣ
ҸףҲһľ⡣
һԵСȥһĻпչǿϴĳˣ
ǣˡֻǺѡҲһƣ
׳ˣɵҲ飬ħ֮ȪȥЩ죬Ȼ֮һˣҵȻҲҪһ̽߰ɡ




2348´㵵
 

֮ǣΤң
һεĳֵʱΤӵҲһĲ죡
Ϊ׵߾Ȼһˣ㣡
֮ǰҪΤҵˣվ׵߾һ㣡
ֳˣ
Ϊʱ㱩¶ԼΪԼˣ˿ȥǲʶһ㣡
ĳһԵΤҲΪĲ죡
Τ峤ԭŴ뿪ߣµı仯׿Τ΢΢һЦ
µı仯ʥϺǡ
ΤһȻĿˣ
㵭һЦʥ뱾ҲǲʶˣѾǱǰӣԺΤ峤ѣħڱӻ
⡭ļٵģ
Τоһ±ƣһԵΤӺΤɻΤϦҲǾ°Ͷˣ
Ʊ仯ʵ̫ˣ˸оһۻң
׿ΤҲЦŵȻˣһսħ׻ʳûвɵ͵ìܣԡ
ȻʥѾҵȻ⣡
Τû뵽Ȼ飬Ҫ֪׿նɱĶ簡
ҲóƺǱǰˣ
׻һ˿֮⣬ⲻװܹװĳġ
һ˾ôأɱǺص˵ģ
ﻹһ˿ɱ
׵ͷһЩҪΤҽǽ֮ǵĸҵΤҵܲҪǨ뵽׻ʳ¼տͿˣ
Ҳ֪ǽΤߣȻ˻ɣ
ǱΤҿ֮ǣ
οĻ۳ˣҲ׵Ŀħĳ
һʱ䣬ΤȻ⵽ô£
ǿĽΤҵȻǻˣٺܶΤҵԸ֮ǵģ
ߣΤҲԲýȫѹߣ
һõĺ飡
㿴ΤΤ峤ʥϻһЩҪȥ飬Ǿʹ˱ԺʲôҪĻܿڣ
˱лˣ
ΤܸоЩŤڵȷһΣҲǸоЩ㱣
׺뿪ģһԵΤҲǴ㵵˵⡭̫߳˰û뵽ħȻʥϳΪѣ
ס壬ǲЩ𣿡
ΤɿȥıӰҲһɻ󣬿Ҳֻһָоѣ
Τ̾һʥϰֶٰΣܹģ
ΤϦЦŵһǼҲǺ²Τȫ֮̽ǵĲҵǷǳķİӴ֮ǣԿΤҶʱڳΪģ
˵Ҳǣһһɣ
ΤҲ΢΢һЦΤ˵һ
ֻҪĵҪΤңڶΤҾԲܵ۳ţ
Ժ󵽵ô죿ʱֻܹʥξϵˣ
֮ǳ
ĽЩڳǱһ㣬ռȴǷǳľ޴󣬼˵һۿ߼ʣ
׺ͬʱ֣úܶ˶һָָ㣡
ʵϣ
֮ǰΤҷ鼸ѾǴ֮ǣ
ɽ鴫ٶȾ˵Ѹ٣
⡭ⲻǳ˺Ǹʥôһ𰡣
ֹһ𰡣ȥ޼䣬֪ĻΪʧɢֵذ
ɲôΣôأ˵֮ǰ˼ְ
ʵǿһԿ϶ˣǱħںʹ׻ʳƺˣ۳Ӳˣ
һʱ䣡
ΧһƬ֮ܶ˲֪е׷ʲô飿
Ϊħںʹ׻ʳ֣۳Ϊһ
Ϊǲһλһʹħںʹ׻ʳ֣
ⲻò˵͵ʴװ
׺Ӱû˳֮УǸûκεֱͣĺ󷽶ȥ
ľͷһƬ޾
һƬͨĵ·ϣȴ֮Ϊ
Ϊ˳֮⣬̤һƬˣûһܹų
֮ǰһ谮мӵҪҲǱһնɱ
֪֮ǳڵǶôĿˣ
ˣǰħ֮Ȫڵˡ
ָǰһƬҲǳ
ʱƺҲܵһ˿ͬѰϢû뵽Ƭ֮оȻһޱȹ󷨴ڣ
ħ֮Ȫʲô
״˿֮о˵󷨣Ҳǳ̽Ŀ




2349ħҲ޽ĵط
 

֮ǳ
һƬ̺ϵľ˸оɽ˵ĺ嫣
׺վڳϷ·һĺǴʱȥҲԵ÷ǳС
һΪվԱߵıˣ
ȻһʱỹûдɫתѾˡ
ţ
˭Լû³׵ֿأ
ȻԼѡǻֻƱģ
Ѿ׼ҶλҲǳĲ
ʥϣ˵ܣ
ָǰһƬҲ΢΢бԵ쳣Ĺ
һԵ׿Ҳ¶һ˿Цݵû뵽֮ǵĺ澹Ȼһ󰡣
ԭʵطǽ֮ǣֻǺħ۳ϣŻӵһƬΪħҲǸ˲СĴ۲ӵһ
㿴ףȻûϸ˵ĻȴѾǽ˲ˡ
Щüʵطе˼޵Ҫħ֮ȪǸʲô
ʥϣǲ֪
εҡҡͷ˵ˣ֪ĻҲֵԼػˣ
ȻԼԻ֮ǵĳʵڲħ֮ȪһŹѣ
һͻɵڵʵ֮ħڵĵλȻˮǴˣ
ԭһεĻ뿪֮ǣϾ֮ԼǴ粽룡
ɵǿߣ֮أһֱĸо
ֻƺӵңѾǳΪ˱˵ˣ
ɵڵǿߣȻΪ˱˵ˣ˵ȥ˵ģ
ϾɵΣǶɽ綥ǿߣ˭ԸΪ˵أ
ʵҲ֪֪ĻҲҲҴţ
ͷҲӦò֪ħ֮ȪܣаӦ̽˴ɣ֪Ļ⻹Щ˰
ʥϲ²û׵ȷһΣҲһͷˮĳˡƺһ㡭
㿴ףҲʼ
һû˵ʲôħ֮Ȫǲħµı
ħħڵ棬ҵҲ֪ûħĴڣҡҡͷ
ǾˣȻħĴڶ֪ĻΪʲôط֮Ϊħ֮ȪأֵǴʲôطģ
üʵȻҲЩƣ
ǵҸȡģɽΪܶΪħıأħʵνħ֮Ȫ棬δõκεĺô
㿴ףЩᶨ˵
㸸ǵõʲôöĻ֮㣿ǳЦһ
ʵһҸҸһͬħ֮ȪģֻΧεһȦ֮ûڼȥˣҵĸ׼Ҳˣ
Χʲô˼
˾ô˵νħڱؾȻûб˸ƻ
Ȼħڣħ;ͬ飡
ǵϵʲôĶͬģֻħڱ֮ΪħھΪĹЩͬѣ
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ǵģΧʱҸƶ˵ħħµĴ󣬶ʱҸ׿Ǵ֮Ȫˮһ趯ȡΪħ֮ȪֻϧȻƿΧĴ󣬿ǡ
Ҳ΢΢ҡͷȻҲûа취⣡
׿Ȼƿ˴ô޹أ
Ҳ֪ʱҸפΧԼУɲ˰㶼ĹҸѾǳ׵ķˡʱҸ׵ı飬ұ֪һ񡭡
ƶƶطԼĸ׵õһЩʲôĻı鲻ʧǣ
΢΢ͷȻô˵ˣٿ֤㣡
һطӦǺħڵĴйأ˵ľνħħ֮Ҳ˵أ
ڶǱаӦûеõʲô˵һ
ĵõرĻҲӰɣ
Ȼ˵Ļޱȥơ׵˵
㿴΢΢ͷʥҪȥȻǿԵģʥϿɵСһЩħ֮ȪЩڲͬ
ڲͬ׿ʵ
ΪҿҸħڵƿ󷨣ʥϲûħڵƣҿ¡
ҲЩȷĿ׳ȻûƵܲܽȥһأ
ಣ
㻰δ䣬׵ӰѾ̤һƬĺ֮У
ֻ׸ո̤УѾΪ֮ɫ䡭
һԵ㿴ԶľɫһƬɷף




2350𣺻
 

һʱ䣡
֮Ǳĺħ֮Ȫ֮УȴһĪӰ
ͷββһչ֮ͨɫȫ²ۣ
ǰͷޣ׶оһ˿ѹ
룡
ôҲû뵽Լոս֮ȴһͷ뺷ľޣ

ףĿ棡
׵üͷ֮ҲһôҲû뵽ʧɽһ徹ȻﱻԼˣ
ǲ֪˵Լأǲأ
׿ЦһҲǵɴ۾ǰľ
Ϊ֮ǰԼĸһеʱ򣬲ûзͷޣ
ˣͷ޻ĿףƺֻҪǰһҪɱһ㣡
룿û뵽ﾹȻ˵𣬿ôΪħ֮ػأ
룬ɽ
֮Уֵĵطر
ǰͷЩ̫һƺ󷨵ػһ㣡
ʵѾǴﵽɵڣ
ľޣսȻϲɵۺڣȴҲһɵǿҪǿһֹ
ȻԽǵĲԽԽССĲҲвĲ
ߣô
Ȼ׵ĸǰһĲ
˵ˣ
û뵽޾Ȼ˵ˣҲǿŻǰ²ǶطȤѣǰ·Ļ¸м
СޣҪ֮еҲѣ
Ȼͣʵֲб壬෴˵ĸоһ͵棡
Ȼ嶼ǿ壬˵ĸоǿޱȣ
һ˵ĸоȴǡǡ෴
׹ֵǰȻ˵أȻֶءοݴħħ֮أ֪ǰȴΪθԸΪħڵĿأ

ŭ죬һŭӾȻҲ˲ûһƬ
ʵһЩ˽ӽ¶пܱˣ
ȳǿߣڸȵĻʱҲһĪľ
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뿴ףһֱûж֣
׵ҲǾЩ֣ȻûطЩͻأǸоֵǣλƢƺǲ
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ǰǶ֣ȻҲǲ壡
С޻еܶǿʵ˵ģǿ죡
۽֮Ĩһ˿Ĳм֮ɫֻػĳһطδ뿪벽
׿ŻȻ˵Ļˣ
ˣ
֮䣬˲ۼ׵ĸǰ
޷潣
׵˲һϽΪ޷棬ҫ֮£Ҳһĺâ˸
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ҪøƽȶԻȨҪչֳԼʵͻԻ
뿴׾ȻҪԼ֣ǾȻֿһ˿Ц⣡
СޣôܹطһҲ޼Щ֮гħڵҲδ֮⣬֮˶ѾǳΪ˹ֻ֮͡Ǳû뵽ȶֵ˾Ȼ㣡
Ҳһɻ֮ɫ
Ҫ֪֮ǰطˣԼ֮Ѿŵûʧɫ
ǰСڷԼ֮Ȼ֮Ҳȴδֳ̫ĺ֮ɫ
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ЩΪʲôһﾹȻ£
ڿ׸ȶ֣Ҳ̲סһεѯ
ģ
ܶʱһ˺ģôͻ뷽跨Ľ⿪
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׿ŻӣҲЦһǰԻҪǰǰȴһֱ䳰ȷȻ˵Ļֵֻ¼ˣ
Ŷ˼ˣܹҶսжɱĻǱǿԿǸȤС˵˵
ƺҲǶȤһȻҪԼ
ã
ײδκεķϻ֪ûлϿ֮ǰһжǰ׳




2351֮Լ
 

֮ǳĺ򣡣
㿴Զľ֮ҲһĪľ֮ɫ
Ҫ˵ǰĻ㻹ǲôף
Ͼ˵ײһʳĵ۾ѣЩʵҲˣ
ȻױԼñҲв٣
ֻײδѣ
ڣǿĻ֮󣬾Ȼһ֮Ϊӣ׵ķˣ
ǿǴ֮еĻ밡
ȻͬΪɵڣɻǿսҪֲ̫ˣ
ȻԼˣ㻹ǲף
ֻ֦֪ͬ׳κεΣѣҲǺӵõģ
Ҳû뵽ԭΪƽ֮УȻ˵ľޣ
һ뵽֮ǰԼĸǰ벢δֵʱҲһҡ
ǸʱλǰֵĻԼĸ׻Լܹ˰ɣ
棡
˲ѾǽȾ˺ɫһΧѾһƬ֮𣡣
ˮڣ
һ̣֮澰ҲĿɿڴ

΢һ£ĿѾһɫ״棡
֮ޣ
·ܹڻ
׵Ҳһ˿ЦȷǹǿһҪɵ۳ǿߵ
δɵ۳ڵǿߣʵѾǲֹˣ
ţȻЩͬ
뿴׾ȻסԼһУ˳һ˹Ҳü
һ
ûκεԥֱʹ˺ʽҲԼĿǰܹʹΪǿĹ
ȻϣҲûκεıҪҴˣ

Լұֱۣ赲ס׵Ĺ
ۣ
֮ҿԳ֮ΪΪ̵
Ȼ٣
ǿĹ˻һƬۣ
˶ѣҲһĿɿڴû뵽Ѿǿȵز
Ҫ֪޷潣ǰο⺳ʽǿŷұӴľѧ
ǿߴĹȻֻǴ˻һƬۣ
׵ؿЩԶĻ룬ҲһĺȻ֮ɫ
ǿ˹ĸһϰ
꣡
״ڴڵĴŴһһؽеĹԶ϶Լ²λĶˣ
ٶ˵һ˾ԲλĶ֣
ֻײ֪λǰ֮ͬĨһ˿֮ɫ
۵䣡
֮ǰǸܷ飬Ҫ֪Լ֮Ϊǿһط
ԭΪԼסһӦɵģû뵽ȻһԼȻǰСӸˣ
ֻֻСѣɿԼİ䣬һ˲Ҳŭգ
ԶףҲ¶һ˿ĺȻСˣҪĶ࣡
˴˱˴ˣҲû뵽ǰȻ˵ѾйȥˣܹڽסǰУǱӵ˿ԺǰԻʸ˰ɣ
׿Ż룬Ҳ˵
ǾҪûܹסĵˣ
Ҳ¶һ˿ĵȻһεԼۣ
ʵϻĹǳļ򵥣ȼ򵥵Ĺ֮£ȴܹɵۼǿ߸һľ
ɣ
׿Ż룬ûκεȻҲó𾪣
֪֮ǰĻ벢δԼΪ֣
УɱУô˿иأ
ѵأ
ͺһ˿һǿƽؾһ㣬׵ķɱȥ
һȭƺҪƬ򶼸һ㣡
ֱں֮к俪һӣӵߣɸߵľԵôͻأ
ǿ
׵Ҳǳ˺Ȼ֮ɫһȭǺԼϣǿ²ҲǸˣ
һţԲǿߣ
ֻѾȫ׼ʱϿѾǳһ״壡

һֳı
֪ǵƾԼҪֵסһȭǲܵģ
Ψһİ취Ҫǿķֵ
ܹ뵽Ϊ׵Ŀֻˣһ׻ܲܳܵס˿񱩵һ
ߣκҲ赲һȭ
뿴׾ȻóһҪ赲סԼȭҲ¶һ˿Ц
ԼļһԼ첻ɱ˵Ļ˿ɾͶˣ
ѲҪһԻɣ
˵ȥĻóȥˮҪһܹסһеĻڻ뿴ʸԼԻˣ
¡
޴ֱӽɳȥ׼ͬʱʧһƬ
㿴׺Ȼʧпһ£
ֻһ룬Ҳ¶һ˿Цݣ




2352¾ŭĻ
 

֮У
Ρ޴˿һľη
ڵ鵹ǷǳĲȻԼһ˺˴ţ
׺׵ʧԼĸǰ
֮Ĩһ˿ЦݵһСޣϧˣ
ţ
һ̵ĻޱȵţΪѾǸܲ׵κϢ
ʵ϶ղŵǸСѾǳ׵ˣ
ղǸ˵ʵȷǿԣҲһЩɻ⿪
ֻǻЦݻδţȴһԵȻЦ
Цʲô
˲佫ĿעϣǿֲѹҲһ
Ҫ֪Ͳ׵Ķ֣λǰĸǰҲǱĸо
Ҳ֪ȻͬΪɵڵǿߣ֮Ĳʵ̫ˣ
ѹҲҿһۣ
ǰǰҡûЦ˰
㿴Ż룬Ҳ֧֧˵ȻղЦˣ
ߣ㲻˵Ļ³һģû뵽Ϊħ֮ӣȻһ֮ǰħأ㻹Ǹడ
뿴㣬ҲǷһ˿Ц
㿴Ż룬ЩͷǰЦΪΪû
ûôܣ
ŭĿԲ
ʱĻһ𾪵ĿһԵ㣬ԼѾǸܲǸһκεϢˣ
һȻ˵Ǹһûôأ
Ҫ֪ǰһȻԼͬΪɵڣɻǿܹɱǰ֮ˣ
һˣѲʶԼǿ󲻳ɣ
ʵԭǲܸܵõ׵ģֻΪ׵ˣ
֮仹ӦģˣѪȻҪˣ
ȫûиܵõκνļ˵ʲô
Ȼ˵ѹҲûڻΪʲôΪˣҲЩо֣
˵ȻΪˣӦ˲Ŷ԰
Żǿޱȵӣ˿κεѣ
յľѾˣҲ޿κˣ
׵׻ҲܹģóȻԼ̬Ⱥȴ˿ܲκεɱ⣡
ָоǳ֣㶼֪⵽ʲôԭ򣡣
ܣԲܣôûأ
ʶ˲סһƬ򣬿ʼûиܵõ׵Ĵڣ
桭û
㿴Ż룬ҲһľǿϾ׵ˣ
ߣСӻǲʶٰ̧ȻҲɱ㣬Ѿŭң
뿴㣬оһڲƭԼ
һŭѾǳ׵ȼⲻǶһ
ѲԼʵնɱһɵ۳ڵС
ǰλƺ̫ʢһЩ
ڻŭ֮ʣԶһƮȻֱԭ׼ֵĻһεվǱߣ
ǸСӵ
ʱоԼû뵽һﾹȻû
Ҫ֪ԼʹԼǿѧѵأȻһɵ۳ڵСӶûնɱˣ
һͷ˸оЩѪһĻ
СӾȻһ˶ûУôأ
㡭Ȼû
۾ɵĹԲһ㣬Կóƺ߸һ㣡
׿ŻٺһЦкܶԸûɣȥأǰһȷʯƾ죬ǿֶΣƾҵмܲס
õʲôȻܹסҵѵأ
뻹ǲţǼƷҪסԼѵҲǲܵ飡
˵ˣʹһеʱһλɽǿóֵҲˣһˣ
ǰһȻûɰ
һΪǿһȻһֵˣʵ̫ˣ
ƺǰܰɣΣѹǰӦÿԶŵ˰ɣһЩ鲻
׶Ż빰֣Ȼóλǰܱ
أ
ǰλǰ֮ǰҪնɱԼģڳΪǰҲΪȡһЩѣ
ĵʱ̣ǻʲôǰģеĿֻɱˣ
Сӣ㻹ǹְȻסУȻҲ˵㻰ôһҲ˺ܾá
ƺЩνӣȴ֮пһĨڴ֮ɫ
ڴʲô
׿Ż룬֪һ̱Խҿǰ֮صɴˡ




2353սĶ
 

֮ϣ
ԭϯĺһ̱쳣·ûзκһ㣡
ֻǻ֮еһĨ֮ɫʼЩ֮ȥ
ǿۼһľѧȻǰ֮Ч
ûг֮ɫ
ɽ֮ˣǼΪĿأڻбƣ˵ȥĻóȥˮ
Ҳֹͣ˶׵Ľһһվ֮и
ʵϣ
Ļ׻ȤҪ˵ʲô·
ǰ֪⵽ʲôط
еɻܶ࣬ԭΪطĳµ
ڿԲôļ򵥣
أȹѾǳˣҲûмĳ棡
ױֶαȽϵķḻĻѾǳ׵ʧһƬ֮ˡ
ԭϹħ֮
뿴ףĻشΪ𺳣û뵽νħھȻҲ׻һ壡
ɽ׻ҲĨȥĹϵ
ս죿
üŻ룬֮дһ˿ʣ
սǵɽĳǿߣҲǴħڵ֮һֻħЩǿ֮ҲûܹȺסǸɵҲǲֻϧûܹ̳־
΢΢һ̾ӿȥΪħ֮˸оϧˣ
ô˵Ӧս²ˣ׿ŻЦʵ
ҵػһƬħ֮˼̳Ķ浽ʲôҾͲ֪ˣ
˵ҲʵڵĺܣʵΪػޣҲֻܹվΧ
þǱ֮˵ǲħ֮ˣħ֮ˣǱɱ֮
ֻǸ⣬ĿǰĻ뻹û̫İ취
Ƕڻ˵Ҫ֮Ҳǲ̫ܣ
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׿Żǰô˵Ҳ֪ⶴ֮еʲôˣ
ȷ֪
εĿףĲ֪еô£
֪Ļܹ̳ⶴ֮еĶʱҲͿԽ˲
⵹ˣǰȻػȶȴֲ֪ⶴ֮еʲôֹҵȽУƺЩ̫׵ɣ
׿ŻʵҪ˻һأʵЩѶȰ
ٺһЦħ֮ҪУҲһЩħ֮⣬ҪУΨһ·Ǳսʤң
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Ҳò̾һǰĻʵѾǿᵽһԸӵĵزˣ
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һǳֶζսʤ˵ĻΨ·һˣ
һֱ취ûʲôݾԽУ
Цŵûа취ҵˣ
ҲݸһЦһһֱ벻ףǰһǿߣֻЩ벻ͨΪʲôǰԸΪħڵػأ
ˣ
һĿһεϮ׸ܵһ˿ŭ
ƵĿŻ룬֪Ӧǻ벻Ըἰˡ
һ񽻷֮󣬻̾һС޻ǹְ췴ҲˣԸҲ޷ս֮ӣˣһĵ
һͨɧ֮󣬻˵Եɣ
ԻҲŵΪ϶ǿսʤ죬¶Լ
ˣǱӦΪһ£
ˣǱӦΪһ顣
Ľ֪ˣˣȻ쳣ƣȷˡ
ٺʵǿջҲֻóΪػޣǷ磡
ô˵ǰҪ뿪ɵĻǱҪ˼̳²ˣ׿Żһεʵ
ɡ
ƺҲЩ̫ȷеǳϣ
˭ǿžԵɣ
뱻춴֮Ѿ֮ˣ
ԭΪ̳²һ׵飬ǹôŷ֣⼸Ϊ˲ˡ
Ȼ˵Ļǰβҽȥأܹ̳²ĻʱǰҲ𣿡
׿Ż룬֮гڴ֮ɫ
С޻ǻ쿪ֻĸ棬ΪƾҪñ·ɣ
뿴ҲǿЦЦ棡
ԭƽĺˮ̼ҲǷ
һ̣׵֮ҲĨһ˿ľҪⶴ֮УҪȹһˡ




2354²ŵĻ
 

㿴ԶľҲһľ̾
ʥϣ
ҲԼˣǿʱ򣬾ȻҲ٩٩̸
粽ã𾪲ѣ
һָоǾԼλ˻ĿսʤҲ˵أ
ƣ
һ̣ԭޱƽĺ֮һεĿϯ
Сޣǲײǽͷˣ㵱Ϊûа취𣿡
һȵĻ棬һѾǸܵ˶С޾ս⣡
ŭˣ
ΪȻһС˵ƣʲôӷŭ
׿ŻЦһԭǴǰÿһ·֮ԺƽĽܶ⣬ǰһٶ赲޵ĽŲǿɾ͹ֲˣ
СޣȻ֪ʲô취ס˱ĹҪܱ㻹ʸ񣡣
һЦҲǷһ˿Ĳм֮ɫ
֪Լʱǰһû̫İ취ǰһҪԼôҲǲ̫ܣ
ֵľ沢СܹƵģ
ˬʵЦŻٺһЦЩһ·߲ͨǿԻһ·ߣ
һ·ߣʲô˼
뿴֮еһĨ֮ɫʵ벻ͨһνĻһ·ߵʲô˼
׵˵ûйǰߺȻ޴򲻹ǰֻסǰˣ޲ʱ֮𣿡
Сޣ㻹˼ƾߵǸħڵСҪסңΣ
ȻЦ˼ȴѾ飡
ŭ
޾ķŭȼڻϣû뵽СӾȻҪǰħڵСסԼ̫ԸһЩ
վԶҲ֪˵ľԼ
֮ǰԼļһʵҲ쳣ǿ
ֻ֪һﵽ˭֪ǵݵʲô
׵һЦô֪أ
úúãСޣʱһʬΣһ³
ŭһռҲһļ
׿ŻӣҲʼǰ޵Ŀľ춴Ķ֣ʱ֪ˣ

һŭȣһεķҫ۵Ļâ
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Լ۾ŲԶվԼǰλЩӣ
ĶѾû볹׵֪ǰ֮˵ʵݣ
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СֱҲһķ飬СʵľɱϾǴɵ۳ڵĲΣ
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㡭㾹Ȼצɡôһ
˵Щˣһоһ㣡
еĹצȻһСӵ֣˵ȥ
벢֪Сǳ֪Ļ»ӵľˣ
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⣡
Сδ̫࣬һּöĻѪ
һһǾˮˮ˳ֻûзѣһеĻ
üͷ壬ĶЩȤˣ
Ȼܹ֣ʲôǲܷأ
׿СʵСֶܼã
磬ٿԼһûģǴ򲻹һٶȸҲЩģԴ羡ܷģ
Сŵ˵һԵĻӶ챬ˣ
òС˵ǶԵģȻʵЩ࣬ҪɱǿȺҲǲܵģ
׺ٺһЦסҽ춴ʲôֵػġ




2355»
 

ôĿƿǰ󷨣ﳤȥ
ʵ󷨲ӣѹؾǰλ룡
ֻڻεĺܣɣһԼĴĻ˼Ա߻ɵڵĸ֣
ǰѳأ
ڿҲ޼ˣΪѾǽ֮УΪܵƣ벻ڲ
ֻ˵ڴҲǣҲǣһʱǿˣ
ԭΪ׵߾ԲܹסԼġ
ôҲû뵽һǿߵߣȻػ
һﵽ˭
Ϊʲôļ
ʱĻô㶵ĿС֮˶ţƺ˭ҲԸĶ֣
һԵѾĿɿڴĿǰһУ
ĸܼһģΪɵڵǿߣȻ֪ĸ߰
֮˾ȻΪ˴ʥҲԼ˵ĳⲻòипǧ
ͷʲôû£ƺ춼ˣ
Ǹ֮ǰԼеСҲһĲ
֮У
һޣôĿŶԷ
ԿóϹһ˿˿֮ɫ
뿴ųʵҲ壬צû뵽ȻΪ߹
룬粻˵磬㲻Ҳһ𣿾ȻΪħڵػޣǹ˵ģ
СŻ룬֮Ҳǳ˲м֮ɫ
ŭһĵأǲҪ
ǣˣôҪˣҴĻˣ̸ʲôˣ
СЦһʵϵȷˣ
׵ĻСôĻأ
СĻԶҲͻƵɵ۵ľ磬ǹһʮ꣬ҲӲı粻
أȴСıһƬգ
ȻܹΪľˣҿɲţ𶼶Ը˵ˣôܶԸأ
ѹҲСĻǿڶ֮ϵ
ǰλɵ۳ڵצսֲ֮ҲҪֵģ
Ȼһ൱ʵҲǸиƶѣ
ͬĻһδؾĶ֣
˽ģҲΪ˽壬žСⲻԼԼҪһ˵
͸ղǸһʵȷǿԵģҪ˵һʵЩˣ
С룬Ȼ壬ʲô𣿡
壬Ѳǰ壬ڱ𣿺ߣܣǡ
˵˵źȻһ飬㵵ĿŶСһʱ˵
СŻҾеǸǣ
㡭Ȼǳһ廯ֲ̬֮֮ǰоһϢɡôأһ弴ǻҲܻצɣ
볹׵Щ±ˣоԼӶ첻ˣ
һ壬ΪȻҲ֪ġ
ʵɽļ֮Уһ廯ĳɹǷǳǳ͵ġ
ĻҲͨĺǷǳĺġ
͸ӲҪʲôһˣ
һﲻˣһûľȻצǿ𰡣
ٻûȻܹûצ
ֻ˵ªˣҴ磬һ̫ܡܹнĳɾͣǶǴ͸ҵģҲΪѲΪɣ
СŻһЦ
˿С㿴ŶĻ룬ʵЩЦԷǣ
ô㶵ĿСĺ֮з󲴲Ŀˮʵ
˼
ʵЩ˼
ȻܹûצǱ֪֮ĻҪѪ
һȻĿСǱª˰ҵǶǸһȤˣ֪ʲô취ܹóһ֮˾ȻܹûΪצ
֪С˵ҪѯʣСȴΪҴɳ裬ʱұ㣡

ޱȵĻ񣬿Կó鼫ȵĲˬ
˫ôţƺ˭ҲԸڴһ̵ƽ͵գ
һߵСĻҲȼһ˿
ʵû뵽Լ˾Ȼ˵ţ棬ȻóûΪצ
һ̣Ǳˣ
ʱȴѾǽ춴˭Ҳ֪ʲô




2356¶ɱ
 

춴
ΪɽϹʱΪǿħ֮һ֮Ȼ˾ģ
ֻ֮ƺҲûʲôϢ
ڵսһжʯһ㣬Ƿ·ûгֹһ㣡
룡
һɫĹâ׵۾֮оһֹ
һĨɱ⣡
üŶǰɫ⣬Ҳ񣡣
һĶûôĿ£
ϾϹħĶǸйĶ̲һ˿Ĺ죡
춴ƺҲ⣡
֮ǰ׽ŷұӵĲʱŷұΪѰҼ̳˵Ļûô׳
ɱ⣬ײòС
ȲΣΣԤѾǵһ൱µĳ̶ˣ
ಽ
׻ĳŶȥÿһܵĶһɳƵѹ֣
Խȥָоǿң
ʶţ
׵ʶҪסԼ
ǿʶȻҲֻܹ̽׵ľҲ̽ˣ˵˵ǿ
ȻЩͬϹħսĶ֮ǰлضҲͰˣû뵽ⶴ֮оȻҲȵĪ⣡
׵зֹԭһҲǻС
ȻˣױҪħĶ澿ʲôܣ
δ֪Ŀɽ˵һԣ
ǿףҲǲܹף
˷ܡšѹ֣
׵УϿȥһĵĮ

һ·籩һ㣬ֱӴ͸Ǳ޿ɱܣ
ʲô
׻æ֮Ҳֱͳ޷潣ս˶סˣ

һײ֮׵Χ˲ˣ
ʵǿĻѾǱȾǿĽ籩ˡ
û뵽ȻˣⲻѾǷɽô꣬Ķ֮ô˴أѲĻǳԸɷĲɣ
׸оһ֣ضһ˸ܽģ
ħܹ֮ٻӦ֪İɣ
֮ǰʱ׿Կó֮ӦǺܾöûˣ
οһֱ֮ǣô̱˽أ
һ籩·ƽضת˲֮ʧһƬ֮У
׼ӿ˲Ҫ֮еʲô
࣡
׵һĿٵ֮ͨУ
ӶĽƺһһ֮ǰĽȫ°
ĳһ̣
׶ϮǰҲһƬȻʣ
޾֮Уһ޸˵ϣۻ룡

׿ȥҲǵȻĺܣϹħĶ֮гһⲢʲôɣ
֮ǰŷұӵĶ֮УƷʲôҲѰĶô
οϹʱڣԴ涼ǷǳĳԣǳһЩĶҲǿԽܵĲ
׵۾ĶǾ޸֮ϵļ֣ս
Ӧñս֮ǰõıˣɽȷΪĺ
׵ЩˣɸſأΪľһ
ʵЩ̫˰ɣ
Ҫ֪׵ѾˣȻҲ󣬿ɻûѰ֮˼ּ֮ɫ
һΪʲôöأԭһѣһƬռ֮еЩ찡Ӧòôļ򵥣
üңԽǼԽΣԴ
Ƭռ֮УȻֻһս׸ǸоЩˣ
ѲѾӵԣĻɾıһİҪ̫ˡ
ܸоӦòĹǻ˭أ
һƬռ֮УܹԼһ㼣ģҪôûˣҪôǳˣ
ȻˣҲֶܹ鰡Ȼħڵı֮˴ˣ
ţѾˣڵϵĵزɣ
Ƭռ֮һҲûУֻеһڲߵĻɵ
¡¡
׼ȥһƬ֮еսγʱһĨֲľˣ
սʶ̬һ㣬ȻԼԼγˣ
ŵ𶯵׵ʶҲţΪѾǸܵһĨŨҵɱƺԼ
ߣǰȻˣβһ𣡡
׿޾գѾǴ͸ռ䡭




2357
 

ˣ
һǿӿ
׵۾ĶǰһսΪѾǸܵһɼΪǿռ䣡
ǿ߲ܹӵеģ
Ҳòͫһ
أ
һӰǱսĸǰһλѾ޵ı۰ֱӽڵϵǱսУ
һǳɣ
ƺս˻Ȼһ壬·ǾͲֿһ㣡

׿ŲԶλȻӣҲǾһ
ߣôȥˣ㻹ǵһܹñˣû뵽ɽ֮оȻҲ̺֮ˣ
ӿڵһ㣬ԴԶ
ǰ֮˵һĨɱ⣬ȴЩ
üӵû뵽ս죬Ȼһɽ磬˷˼
ôȥˣȻ˼ǵ죬ֻϧ㲻ħ֮ˣǿԿΪӰˣ
쿴ף֮Ҳ¶һ˿֮ɫ
׿΢΢һЦǰ˴󾲺Ե֮ˣȻˣӦҲԵ֮˰ɣ
Ե֮ˣҲǣɽ綼ѾӵԼ֮ˣɽҲҲڶպȻħڵĸ󣡡
쿴ףҲѿһ˿Ц⣡
ɱƺһʼûعƺѾǴ⣡
׿˵ҷħ»ǲҵЩɻ󣬲֪ǰɷΪ󰡣
󣿹֮ˣֺҪ֪ôأ¶һ˿ɭȻ
ಣ
컰δ֮ʣеսƺѾ׵ĸǰ
֮Уһ޵սӰƺʱرԺ
ЦһһѣҺΣ
֮򣡣
׸û˿ԥ֪ǰ֮˵ʵѾﵽһֲĳ̶ȣ
أ
֮˵ȷǿ˵ѹɽǿߣ
һ߷ѣοҲӵ֮֮ˣô׵־أ
أ
޷潣
һϽӰѾǳսķֱȥ
԰
׺޹˼ɵĳķɱȥֱʹԼǿѧʽһʽһ
ǿĽռ䣬ƺҲһ£
һһ㳯ɢȥʤգ
ȿȣ
ԼؿڣĿ˼˿оһ𵴣
ǿ
׵һ˿ѪһȻǿޱȣԵıϾǿߣ
֪һսɣ
Ҳüͷ˵ɵ۳ڵʵȻܹŷ˵ʵǺȻĻҸӵĲܹˣĺԶҵĶ֣
˵䣡
ʧ׵ĸǰΧռ֮п׸оһ˿Ĳ

׸첻ټʱֻܹȡһΪ׵ķʽˣ
û˿ԥֱ뵽֮У
Ƕսǿߣһʵûκεô
ǰ첻һѣʵϾ൱һĲ
ȻԷǿҪɽκζǲ̫ܵģ
ԣ׶֮УǾ԰ȫģ
ƿĻ״԰ȫ
¡
սVS
ǵӰֱӳķ˹˳Ƶľ죡
Ȼ⡭ôܣɽôĴڣ
һӸоЩ׵±ˣôҲû뵽ԼİȻ
ʵϣļʶȻҲ㲻ʲô
ɽ֮Уоޱˣ
һεĴ֮гʱǰκβңʱƺҲκβǰ֪ǰԸⲻԸأ
ƿСʲôʸ̸
׵ĻҲǷһ󳰷֮ɫ
˵ǰӦĻȥ֮㲻ħնɱǰһеĻʱɱ飬ħڵĸ
Ӧ
һ̶һĿɿڴһɽС޾ȻвԼǿߣ
˿ҲǸоЩ첻ʶɽ絽׻ǲԼ֮ǰɽˣ
ôĵӣҸ˵Ͳ֮𣿡
һʱû̫İ취ҲЩܻĿף




2358¸вǿߵ
 

ǰǻ˵ЦѲֻǰܹɱңȴܷ𷴿ôοɽʼվɽ磬֮Ҫɽ֮£ǲǸ첲̫һ㣿
׵Ҳһ˿Ц˵Լûκε
Լȥ磬ʱ¹˭ֻ治һأ
ɽ磬ռݵľһȨ
ȻǿǿޱȣǿǿҲԽɽ粻
ɽǿ߽벻磬ʵͨģ
׸вڵ治һܹκεԼ
Ӷң
ɴ۾ףŭӿ·һֱܹһ㣡
׿ҲңǰԲ֪ˣ
ɱˣպ磬Ȼȡͷ
໽Уû̫İ취
Ǹ֪ðƺΪ׵Ļһ㣡
ݸһЦǰȥȥ绹˵أ˲ôĳԶܹڵӹҲˣ
㵽Ҫʲô
쿴ף޲ܽһֱ
֪
ǱСøΣԼֱӽ˺飡
ʵ̫СˣȻɽǿ󣬿ǰʲôһİ취ûУ
ڼ׵ϾȻܵһ˿в
вΪģΪղ˵Ǿ仰
ħڵĸ
ʵϣľҲ쳣ļңħڵĸȶˣǲ˵ԺҲûħڵܹ
ħڵĴǾ޴ģ
ôţĻĺҲһ亹ֱð
С̫ĺˣֱͲԼκεĻᰡ
׿΢΢һЦ˵ˣǰܹһЩôĻԺ󼴱ȥ磬ʱҲǿԳΪѵĲǣ
ôҪʲôô
ЩҧгݵĿףȻвһλǿߣһǲǷˣ
ȷһﲻûз裬ҵѾûб߼ˣ
вԼ
Ѿǿ챬ըˣջסˣ
׿ЦŵҾͷ뵹ǲܹΪõĻҸоͦģ
ߣһͷѣҲСǻԦƣֻҪƣָӣ
ƺûнУҲûֱӾͽеһ˦ף
ˣлǰˣЦŵ
쿴ĵӻǷʰƽû˸˵豾
˵ǰҶһ𾴣һһǰǱľ𣿵ǰһҪǲĻǸɵˣ
׿ڳķЩ˵
һֱ߸ϵ죬ƺκ鶼ϲ棡
ͻȻһԼˣǸоЩ̫Ӧˡ
ڿԹˣ
˵ǰһͷҪңԽ𣿡
׿죬һתЦ
㡭㻹Ҫʲô߳һ룬Ҳʣһսˣսǡ
쿴ף촽ԿóЩ£
ţлܹɱԼĻһԲգһ۾ģ
ڸּۻ˵ɣþԼŶأ
һֻҪ⶯Ļ϶ֱѾӽˣ
ǰİǲ̫ϣϾҵϰҲġ
ѹʲôսû̫Ȥ
ȱʲôȱľǶʱ䷨Ϳռ䷨
֮ǿҲǶŷͬһ
֮Ǵ粽У֪ԼǷȱľǶʱ䷨Ϳռ䷨
ɽѹûʲôܹԼڶʱ
ߣǲС㵽Ҫʲô
ԵЩͷˣ֪Լ߻ʲôܹһ￴۵ģ
߷ڷ֮µģ˵Լİ͹֮⣬ûʲô̫Ķ
ǻȻǿ˵ûôǶɽ֮˵ǳս
һ˵ߵһɽĳ
ҰҰ죬챻ЩëȻ
ȻѾһԦ޵ƣ֪ԼѾʼЭˣ
ֻʵǲһﵽҪʲô
׿΢΢һЦʵҪĺܼ򵥣ǰ߷ѡ




2359ը˵
 

ŭѣ
һ·ñ˸Ϸˣһ㣡
ԭ׼ħ׼Ļ빰øǰһﲻ˵һȻ˵ҪԼķ
ư
ŭӿԭѾЩЭһεĸ
̫
һֱ̫
Ȼ˵һ߷˵ûʲôֵĵطҲһ֣
ıܹع鱾ĻʱҲһ˵ģ
ǷСˣǶһǿ˵Ҳǲ̵ܹĲ
ֻǶ˵һ߷ű壬Ϊ챾ǿߣһ߷νǰʱͿռķ
һǿ˵һ̫ã
Ƕһɽ֮е˵һ߷̺֮ʱͿռķԿһܴεˣ

׷׷ѰԼʵ֮ǰŷұӺΪԼʦȻô
ȥһȻԼͬͬԴϾħ֮ˣ
׵ȻҲԼı׼һ˵Ĵ󵨣
Ȼʱκβ죬κ鲻̸
Сӣҿ㻹Ⱑ
챻׸Цˣһ飬ʵĿû˵ˣ
׿쾪ŭѵӣݸһЦǰ߷пޣɶҶȴźܴ棬ǰó߷ҿɱħڰʢ
ߣҪó߷ҲǲԣͿûˣ
쿴ףбĺܣҲû̫İ취
Ǳڴ˵Ļֱһƾһˡ
ֻϧڱȴ磬벻ɽ磡
ҪǵԼһĻ֪ɽǸɶˣ
µ߷û뵽пΪѣܸģ
Ҫһ˵ĻǶħҲǰٺһ
ѲɽΪ߷ħھʹ
쿴ħڵʵʵһ̫죬СС;Ȼȹŷɽʷĳӣ¶Ǿģ
첻ҶģСӿԼʱŵı飬ǲˣ
Ѿ˼㣬ŬĿԼ
Ŷô˵ǰǸˣ
׿죬ҲǷһ˿Цݣеϣ
ֵܲ£Ҳò춯ֱȽϵĺãΪֵֶķʽ̫ˣ
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ǿߣӵĴڣ
ȻѾսҵļˣҲûа취ǱⶴĳڣȻҲԺ㣡
ǰһ㲻̫֪Ϊʲôӵ׿
ΪΣ쿴ײ˼ʵ
ҲǳĵطһΪʲôӵ
ɽ缸ûĴڣҲܹɽ֮ɣ
Ҫ֪֮򼸺˵ǳı־
һɵ۳ڵʵȻӵ˳ı־ⲻòоһĺ£
츳ʵǿֲ˹
Ϊˮǵػߣ֮ӣ
׿죬صͻˮ֣Ϊ֪̤ɽʱ򣬱ǺԼһˮǷģ
ˮˮǵػߣ⡭ô˵Ҳˮǵķˣ
ȻޱȣҲʶʵ
ǰ֮Գ֮ΪǰǾΪˮ߳ȥǿߣӣ
׿죬˵
֮гһ˿ԥƺھ⣡
ͬΪˮǵߣɱҲǰҪ߷Ψһķǻܱ
ǰƺЩΪ˰
׿죬ҲһıӣһﻹǲҪ
ǿߣȻҪԼһﻹҪ
ǿߵϲĨɱοİұƼˣʱֱŷұӵ鷳
㿴ˣ׿
ʽҲǲСģֻͬͬԴѣƺ侲ƺ̸һ㣡
΢У֪Ȼˣκ鶼пܵģ
ǰƺһֱв
Ҳ֪絽ǸʲôһԼʦҲҪġ
ĲĶ֣ڲ߷Ķ֣
Ҫò
Ȼͬˮ磬ввȥҲûκε壬֪ˡҲˮķϣʱ䷨Ϳռ䷨ҲǲԸ㣡
ǰ˵һεĿ
˵ֻҪܹҺһǱӮˣΣ




2360²ǫ
 

Э
һЭˣʵҲûа취飡
Ҫ֪ķһֱһ˯״̬֮УҲܱ˳ʱ䣡
µϴѾ߷국ܶˣ
ȥĻʱ߷սֻԽԽ
ⲻҪʵ
һٵĸԼҲԼĵߵģ
ڵĶԻֻڻ̽ŶԷĵ߶ѣ
Լĵƣ
ǾǰһΣҲ˫и̨²У
ѲԼǿ߸һɽСӵͷ޿ܣ
ʵҲֱ֪óڴȻղһҪǿô
֪ôʵ̫ˣʱԼҲпܵòʧ
ô˵׵Ҳ¶һ˿ϲɫ
ǰ棿
׵֮¶һ˿ϲģ
ܹõһ߷Ļôһ֮֮Уջķᣡ
ҪͻƣǱͬʱͻƣ
һ浹ҲãʵѰ٣
һ߷ͻȻ֣һ˿ϣȻûʱͻƣ
ֻҪܹʱ䷨ƬͿռ䷨Ƭ֮УԺĻỹеǣ
˵ڸһɽСආˣܹۡҵķһĻʱ߷ϵʱ䷨Ϳռ䷨Ƭ㶼ǹУ
лǰ
׶칰ֵѾõĽˣ
ȻҲ֪һҲѣӦлˣ
쿴˵ȱ˵̫ˣڴ˻㱻նɱֻܹˣ
ٺ٣Ҳÿǰûˣ
ȫ׼ΪҪԼҲкܴѶȣ
Ͼ׺춼֮򣬿ν໥ˣ
˵ʵһɽǿߣɽɽڵǿߣû֮¶սҲҪԿģ
ⷽȴźܴƣȻˣҪĻԼò̫ܣ
һ׾ûϣģ
ˮǳˣһǰʮ㰡Ժȥ磬ʱǿߣҲܹ˵ǵǺˣ
쿴ףƺʲôϣһ㣡
ջҡҡͷһĲ˼飬ϣСӵϣЩװ
ҲȹǰһزаȻ˵ĻǾͿʼɣ
׵֮УһŰߣһս״̬ҲǴﵽ۷壡
쿴˷ܵӣҲǵ˵ΪǰҲ۸㣬У
У
ҲǱȺ׳ŪЩ±ˣ
ôˣ٣֮㲻ܹҺ˰벽Ļʱûлˣ
쿴ףҲһ˿˿ĳ֮ɫ
硢ɽ磡
ȲɽСܹ֪ģ
ֻһȻѡ֮ӡλػߣ
춼һʵ̫ˣҪ֪ĳǿߣһ˵ݣǱλػߣ
Ȼ첢֪λػߵǸʲôģ
Щλػߣܹҳ۳֮еˣǶ츳ʵǿ֮
Ȼ֣ϻһȻ֮ɫ
Ϊʲôı⣬˵ֻҪ˺벽Ϳˣ
⻹Ϊ˵λػߵ
ײ֪λػݵҪԣһֱȻ֪ĺģ
һԣ
׿죬ҲЦ
ȻԼôһԼǲҲ̫ԲλĴˣ
ʵϣҲ֪ԼĻᲢ࣡
һУ֪ԼĻֻһΣ
һԼĴĻɾûκεİˡ
׽ͬʱ÷죬ӵĸоû̫İգ
Ȼ˵ҪԼУ׵ĸоԼʲôϣʱ򣬶ȴԼϣ
׵ĻҲסˣ
һУ㻹ǲǫ鰡СҲվӣΪڸ˭˵أһУҿζû˯ذɣ
ŭһŴСƣƢסˣҲЩҪˣ
ǰôϣܹⰡСģҿҪˣ
Լ֣ϸ
һԵ쿴׵ģҲ˵֮󣬱ڣԭ׼СȫʬСʵǲʶ̧٣
һʱ䣬絶һĿף
ҪһôһоܹԼ˵ģɵ۳ڣǿܹǿʲôطأ




2361ǰˣ
 

һӣ
ʵŰ裬ʵҲ֪ĸֶսԼǿһЧĻ
ôЩܹôأ
οǹעһ֪ԼҪøõԴǱҪһѣ
ʵĻݼţ
ں׽ڲסʱԼĻֻܹԼʵǿˣ
ΨһĺϢ¾λս˵ҪԼˣ
Ҳ˵ʲôĻô֮ǲֵģ
֮ǰĵǱԼһɣʱȴ˼Ҹǲˡ
ƺѾЩˣһУԼܹ˰벽Ļô;ˣ
ĿףȻһ߷ѣ߷ݺɽˣ
ǰһȻԲѵ˵Ҫһ֮Լˣⲻǳ
ʵ׵쳣ܹǿǰ˵ĵʹݣºڵˣɽҲûмɣ
֮һã
׵ŭһʱһâ
ĸ֮У
Ǿ֮һ㣬һԵ쳣ׯϣ
ݣ
֮дһ˿״·ӸϮѸٵĽ׵ڣ
һʱ䣬һƬռ֮ƺһ춼оЩ

ʶ֮еĶüͷ塣
ôҲû뵽һоȻķ
ʵϣ֪ʲôʱʼݺɽ磬ǺȴͻȻʧ˵֮С
ҲǼʹþ֮ǿߣֻǺȴƾʧһ㣡
Ǹʹù֮ˣȴ磡
첻֪һ˵ʲôϵѾĪľˣ
׸쵽ôģ֪ΨһĻˣ
ʵѸ
׵·ȼһ㣬Ҳ˷֮У
֮бըһ·֮
һȻôĺöֲĿ˵Ĳ񣡣
Ҳޱȣĸоһ˿˿Ĳ
ʱǹ򶨣һ˾Ҳδܹ٣
ˣ
ϵۣ׵Ҳǲϵ
˿̵ѾǴﵽһֲĳ̶ȣ
һ
һŭԭе޷潣˿Ҳǹâʢ
һ룡
ռź˵Ľ£
µıȴ·һɶĸо
ߣŷұӵĽ׹Ȼ鴫ձҪɽСϺôս֮˵ϣ
һ̤սһվ׵ĸǰ
ƣɽ֮˲ˣ
Ű
ԭµĽһ̷·Ϊһ콣ռ֮ӿ
أһ޵Ľз籩׵ĸǰγɣǿһŭɽѣ
ȥռƺ룡
ΪҪԼʱȴ㵵ķ׵ʧˣ
⡭ʲô
һ㶣ѾӭǿһĴˣ
Ǿ׼˳ֵʱһƺƫˣ
¶һ˿֮ɫҪ׼ȡЦףЦݸոչϣȴѾһ̣
֮У·һĴ
һ죬ڳ
첢δŷұӽս֪һȻȵĹأ
ոշʱͷ֮һɺȻѹѾǽԼǰ
¡¡
ĸǰǵ·Ҫ˺ռһ㣡
ɫһ䣬оɽһ˿в
ΪǿߣܵȴһһȴѾǱܿ׵Ĺ
˵ʵֱһ̣֪ԼǰλǿߵķжôĲ࣡
һУһɵۺǿߣ¶ҪΪ֮˰ɣ
ȻܹնɱɵۺڵǿߣɵҲԲ͵ģ
û뵽ǽŲŲһ£㻯Լ˾֮ǿһ
ֲ˹
֪Ϊʲôһֱôˣ˼ҸûнԼУ
Լˣһĸ̸еĻԼӲҲܹԼˣ
꣡
״ڴڵĴŴղһУþԼȫ
һѾǰڵˣȥЩѣ
ֻҲƵĺܣһСԼȻˣ
ʵϣûΪԼ꣬Ǳڴ˵Ļ˵ãҶʣˣ
ǰˡ
׿죬֮пȥǼΪĸӡ




2362Ըķս
 

ɫ࣡
ϳֳһĨḻʵı飬ֻ鿴ȥƺЩɬ
˵ѹҲû뵽һˣ

û뵽һϾȻ֮
ʵϣȻǰȴ֪ĹЧһܹˣ
Ӯ˱Ӯˣ
ΣҲòСһֹĿ࿴ˣ
ʲô֣
û˵ԥ˺ܾ֮ʳһ仰
ף
Ҳһ㶣ԭΪ϶ܻһܹŵԣ
Ͼħ֮£ЩΪ˵֣
ûгŵʵҲħ֮ˣⲢķ
һɱ֮ˣҲһϲɱ˵ˣ
ͷ۳Щ֣նɱĶ
Ǹ۳ŲɿܵĳޣҲ¾۳ɣ
ĿʵϾ³Ϊ׵۳Ļѣ
ףˮǵػߣɽӴҪһɱ˰
쿴ףҲεҡҡͷ
ԭҪѰҴħڣΪֻħˣʱŻпܲǿ߲
ڿԼô࣬ȴΪѣ
оƵǣǰ׵ļһȻɽӵ֮
һôµĴڰ
˼ɽ磬ѾҸԼķԿ˵ɽ缸Ҳڶ˰ɣ
лǰޣԺȥ磬ʱȻݷǰ
Ҳǿ׻˵˵ʵϽңңڣ
ȻԼѾɵ۳ڣҲͼ֮ң֪⼸쳣ģ
粻ɽ磬ʱȥ˱֪ˣ
΢΢һ̾׿ó˵Ȼʱһ˿Σ
֮ǰǰ˵ʶʦŷұӣ
׿죬Ȼһ֮ˣȻҲҪ絽ǸʲôĴˣ
쵭ĵͷȻʶŷұҵͬˮ磬᲻ʶأ̸ֻڡ۸ӡȥ磬ʱ֪ˣ
˵ĵطʵⲢһĹϵѣȻ˽ģɽˣֻû뵽Ѿ˲ĵزˣȻ˲㣡
Ҳ΢΢һ̾Ĳ
û뵽˵磬Ȼɱ¾ϣǵҪ׷Ѱʲô
ϵȨ
һ̣ԼоЩ㱣Լ׷ʲôأ
ЩĿףһЦû뵽Ȼ˵͸ֻ˵˵ĵطɣףȻ㲻ħ֮ˣȴˮػߣҲˡ
ǰ˵ûǵȷ磡Ҳûзϡ
ͬˮ磬ֻ˲һʱˣ
ܹķʽ棬⵹ԼҲû뵽ġ
һӣռ֮˲ŴʱͿռ䷨Ƭ
ಣ
ûκεԥֱӽЩ֮У
ʱԽȣ飬ҲֻܹŲŲˣ
ЩƬһ˲䣬Ӱƺ͸
ԭӯһƺѾʧ·һҪʧһƬռ֮У
֮ıƺҲҪ뵽̮֮һ㣡
쿴׳˵㻰ҲϣСܹɣҪſ
лǰȫ
￼ǵôԶ
磿ɽ絽Ǹʲôûиأھ磿
ֺøԶˣʱҲܿǵôԶ
һܹ磬ǵʱ̸ЩҲ٣
׶Ҳֻһģĸѣ
ףҲһС쿴ףԥһỹ˵
׿죬Ҳǵͷǰ뽲
ϣСܹΪħһЩ𣬲֪СѿɷԸ⣿
ǿߣ˵ȴһ˿İ֮ɫ
ò˵֮ǰ׵вǸһЩӰ
׳ʼ磬ǵͷǰģ˲ҲˣħҲʹ˶˴еġ
΢΢ͷ֮ƺһ˿Ŀϧ֮ɫ
ʵڿԽԽϲֻϧȴħ֮ˣ
ٻᣡ
ȥЩƣĸоӰҲʼıˣ
һƬռıʼÿ
¡¡
һĺ쳹˿׵ӰȴѾǳ˳ȥ
״춴һ̣ĿˢˢĶϣ




2363һһ㶵Ļ
 

䣡
ƽһɾˣ
׳ֵһ̣Եòӿ
ȳΪˣֻǻ˿׳һ̣Ҳʮֵľʣ
СƺЩϰΪĿףԵȻһЩ
㿴׳бϲӣ
ԭΪ׽ȥ֮һܹˣϾħĶһ˽ȥܹƽ
ҲǰĳĻǵʱԼô죿
ڿ׳ˣƺҲЩһ
ֻҲţĹˣǲǾأ
飬ǲ׵ȥԣһ׹Źˣԩĺ
ıҪҪʵĶˣ
һ㵵ı飬·𿴵ʲô˼һ㣡
׳ǵķ߹ʱ򣬻Ҳ㡭㾹Ȼˣ
Ǻǣ룬ѲԲ޳𣿡׿ŻЦŵ
ڵԽԽ˳۰ƽ޹ʵĵõһλΪ֣˭ҲҪЦ˰ɣ
ڵĴ׻ʳʵδеôǿ
һλ֣ƽһݱ
㡭ѵûмķ
ʵ֪ԶҪ֮࣬ǰѯʱģ
ΪľһһƿԼȥ֮һ϶Ҳ棡
ԻղһֱûиС֣û̫壡
ʱһǸʱСҲһжˣֱˣ
һģеĵױеĺϢʵڣ
ֻǻû뵽һﾹȻĴ춴ˣһ֣
Ȼ˿о׵ϢЩȣóһûʲô飡
춴
Ȼ֪һ㣬߷ɽĻôܸԸΪһػôأ
֣
оǳ֣һȥ֮ѲһȦͳˣ
ˣ
׵˵ֻ֣һûԭ֮еĻһͷ
ˣһﾹȻķ
һļķĻôܺö˶˵վطأ
ܣԲܣ϶ûмķôվطأ
Щŵҡҡͷѹƭˣ
׿Ż΢΢һ̾Щʱ˵ʵûŰ
ڴʱ
̮ԭ޵Ҳ漴ʧ
춴һҫ۵Ĺâ֮£׵ʧ˵ĸǰ
һԵɴ۾ħڽͻȻ֮ʧԼǰҲĿɿڴ
ʧˣʧˣ
׷ʲô飿ΪʲôĶʧǵĸǰ
һʱ䣬˵Ŀ⼸ͬʱ۽׵ϣǶ֪浽׷ʲô飿
ʧˣ
֮һĨ֮ɫʵǱȾ𺳵ˣ
ʧ˵ʲô˵ײķпܽ˴а
ӦҼķ˰ɣ׵ĿŻ
㡭ôģʵԲĸǰռκεıˣѲ㡭ѾĴˣ
࣡
ĺ֮зһ׾ǿŹһ㣡
ţ
ǰʵûоʵЩܲˣ
ԭΪ׿϶ҪϵģתľоԼ첻ʶǰһˣ
׿Ż̾һǰҪҶ֣Ҷ֮֮ǰԾԾ뿪ˣ
Ծҡôôأ
ЩĿף֪ڿЦ˵һģʵ
˵밡ǲɵûпҴ㿪ЦǸ
С룬ڴܹһ£ɲŹ
㡭ˣң
ðɣСһ䳰ȷӣŭգ
Լˣˣ
ǶԼλһּ̤
ο춴һʧô͵˵׵ˣ
ȻˣҲ˵뿪ˣ֮
ǰˣٺЦһڱˣΪܹӵó׷ɱһͳͳҪ
磬һԲУǸϽߣСһ볹׵¶ĿҲǸϽѵ
ʵСҲ֪ԼǰһĶ֣
ˣŭһֻǵҪ׼֮ʣȴһɲͣˣ




2364»ӭ
 


뿴еһöƵʱ˵һ
Ѿˣ
һԵСԭҲ׼֣ɵǰһȻո׼ʱȴ糱ˮһ˵һԣҲЩ㵲ѣ
ʲô
һʱ䣬СһԵ㶼Ǵ۵С۵ĿŶԷ
ǿеöƵʱ֪öйأ
׿Żӣ΢΢һ̾ǰƢôĻ𱬰ڿԸ޺úõ̸һ̸˰ɣ
㡭㡭ôⶫģ
֮дһ˿ȻѾû֮ǰôĺˣ
ǺǣղѾ˵ˣǰ̸ǰҵĴ֮бƣ
׵˵ŻһƵӣҲǸоЩЦ
ŭһƸң
˵ǰƺûи״ɣ׿ŻӣҲݸһЦ
㡭㵽Ҫôſϸң
ЩˣΪҪˣû뵽ǰŸոƿأű
ŭգ
һ̻оԼˣ⵽ʲôʱǸͷ
׿Żȱ֣ǻǰĻҲ˻ǰ
룡
ǸưȻ֪Ѿɲˣ
ŭɶ˵֣
׿ŻӣҲ΢΢һ̾еʶʱΪܣȻǰô꣬Ҳ̸ʮأ
㡭ҳ㣡
û̫ĵһԵСѾЦ˻
ǸΪ˵ĻĲԸ⿴ʵ
Ͼһ۳Ѿ׻ʳһˣ
ڶôһǿĶֵĻڴ׻ʳ˵ԲǺ£
οʵǿᣬС֣һǻĶ֣
ҲΪʲôǶڻ˼ɵһԭ
û뵽˸Եͻƣ뾹ȻΪ׵ĸ࣬һһȥЩ۾ͬʱȴСѾǿЦֹˣ
һ룬֪ʲôҪǺú˵ǱƼˣޱԽĨȥȻϣܹΪ޵ұۣ޶һ࣬һ٣
㡭
˿ѾûƢҪôҪô
֮ǰ˵ѾôˣǲˣǸж
ʵ벻ԸΪ˸໹һԭǾԴһֱ̬Ⱥܶӣ
ƺûнƽȵĶԴ
ڿģоԼһոһӣ
˵ʵڻ֮Ҳˣ
ǰһʲôʵûԼǿᣬΪһԦƣԼҪ֣
һ˻ⲻ˵ģ
˵ˣ޸ʱֻһӣһ֮ԸսǱǰһǲԸ⣬ҲǿԦֱ鼴ɣ
飡
һֵʱҲŵһ£
һԦƱĻôҲԦƳ׵ʧϣ
ԥ
ҪӲһأȨ֣֮Լ
־磬ҲǼ֮ң飡
ʱˣľɵˣ
һΪ𣬵ʱ԰ԦƵɵ
ҲԲܷ

ײϵĵţ·һҪԦһ㣡
ʵⲻ׸붷Ƕµһ̣ĹһһﻹҲľƣ
֪벢֪
أ
һ̤һĲɵóǷǳĲʣ
ӭ
׿Ц˼Ӯˣ
Ż߰ͷ­֪Լɽֶһǿս
һԵСҲǺٺһЦСӻʶʱ񰡣ҴҲ
ߡ
ȻѾˣһʱỹ
׿Ż룬Ƚɣ򲻵ѣҲò㣡

סˣһﻹԼʱѲͲԼ
Щ׳յĿŻѲǷСȴһȥӦһʱ䣬һҪ
֣
СٺһЦŻʧһƬ
һεĻָʲôûзһ㡭




2365һö
 

֮ǣ
һγ֮ǳʱѾǼ֮ˣ
ڶ˵Ҫĸϻش׻ʳ˵
۳ԳʼҪϻȥУ
Ҳû̫ʱطϵʱͿռ䷨Ƭ׶ûü
˵۳۳Բܹһ
Ȼڴ׻ʳսǿʢɸ۳һĲ࣡
ڼ϶۳Ļ׻ʳԲ۳Ķ֣
ƻ
ΪʱѵĲԣֻҪ۳ĿҲʹﵽˣ
һҲѾҵˣǱǹ溷ƣ
λ۳ľŹǸԼŻԼŮӣ
Ҳ֪溷ԼȥƻһԼģĿԵþ͵˺ܶ࣡
ʥϣ֮ǵĴѾû̫ˣһдߵıҪ𣿡
㿴׳ʵѾ׵ˣ
ǴطһԼĸ׻춴ʧʱҲﵽԼͷ
Ҫѯһ׵ԼߵĻҲҲӣ
׿춴Ȼʧݲδ¶𣿸οϣܹΪħڵһӣ
ʥ֪һʧĻʱײɱңҲᱻħ˱Ե
̫˽Լϵˣ
ΪԼϵĶʵ̫ˣټЩ츳֮˺ܶ࣡
㼴ǵɵڵʵħڵĵλҲͿѣ
ɵ۳ڵʱǱԵ·ŵ֮ν涴ˣ
ԼͻɵڵĻ
Ⱳħڶûʲôͷ֮ˣ
ôûˣ
׿ҲݸһЦħڵȷأ
ڲ˾Ȼ֪ɵ䣬Ҳ׵ĵ飡
֪Լģɵɽʵǳǿֱ̬ĸ֣
ӦĳطָԼʵأ
ײܷˣ֪Ҫ֪ɵ٣һ˰õģ
ο˻Ķأ
ײ㽫׻ʳһλɵڵĸֵȷЩô
׿ڴħڵļֵҪԶԶĸԼߵļֵ
㿴ףҲҴŵʥϣħڵĺܶܲ˽⣬ʵħڵڲǳļңοȺװħԭͲܸ״춴ʥϸ
Щ֧֧ᣬ֪춴ڵĻħһⶼûеģ
ڻͻ춴ʧˣǳ׵ʧˣ
ʱһԼĸ׻ع飬ǵʱԼ϶׵һģ
ԣ˵ĵҲԼĵǣ
ЦŵİɣôأȻߣȻзܹõɵĳңǰһﻹţ
϶ţҸʵ̫˽ˣ
㿴ƶ˵ֻЩƣ׵ʲôİ취ܹԼĸ׳Լأ
Ҫ֪Լĸϲŭ޳ûĺôϲЦտĻԲܶĳ̫ҵģ
Ķ֮⣬ĸİû̫
ħڣƺһݳ޵飡
͸㸸һħµİ㸸׻ô΢΢һЦ
롭ʥϣǡ
һΪڿһʱ㶼ЩҴˣ
׿ʵɻ᲻㣿
ᣬȻᡣʥϣǿǰġ
㳹׵ľˣ׵׺«ʲôҩ
ǿǰ
Ѳ˵;ˣ
㿴óλʥϸԼĸӦŷǳìܣ
ȻҪµİ͸Լĸף⵽Ϊʲôأ
ҵļƻֻҪܹħڻþˣĲܡʱһɳ֣һʱң
׿΢΢һЦ֪ΪѪʵԼһˣ
Ϊĸ׵ĻҲĹˣ
ʥĿóĻҾԿħվȽŸΪħԸµĵһˣƶ˵
ˣ
һâǵսĸǰ
ǰ˸űķâսһֶЩˣ
ŰɣʱֻҪɼɣʣµͿŰɣʲôΣգʱ뿪׵˵
׵Ļ֮һ˿ĸж
ָоЩĪȴоһ




2366´׵
 

׻ʳ
뿪ʮأһλص׻ʳʱѾǺܶˣ
ҲӦ׳òڴ׵ʵ
ڼ˶׵Ů˵绨ѩƺЩݳ޵ĸо
׹սǿʢǵٵѹҲ쳣Ӵ
̸ģһ۳¾ܹʳѰˣ
ûκεԹԣֻҪ˵飬Ǽķӣ
ֻߵŮˣʵǿֻ֮Ҳϣܹ׷ǽѣ
׻ʹƫڣ
ʱһȺ֮ڴ׻ʹ֮Уǽ𷢱ۣȥ֮ǰˮʹһûʲô
ֻǵķοȥΪĹһЩЩ͵һ㣡
׻ʺһҵǳĶ֪ɷ׵۾أ
Ϊ֮˿ȥͲСˣ֮еһĨŵ˸оԵޱȣ
˽˹-ӰУ½ʹһӰм֮ˣ
ֻˮʹһȻ˽⣬ɽʹһʵǲ֪ôһ£
ˮǵʱˮʹһʹ
ڿվԼĸǰƺҲûκξȵĵط
ʹһɽϷ½
һˮɽĶ½Ҳ˵ģֻǶ½ٻʹһ֮ˣ
Ͼɽ缸½һ壬ǶӵԼ
οЩ˼ڻ֮ͨ⣬Ļ϶һַıĸо
Զ½ҲΪֻܹǼβˣ
Ϸ½½ֻ࣬Ϸ½Ⱥʹһѣ
Ĵ½ҲĸĴڣ
ɽĶϱÿ½֮䶼Ǹÿ½֮ʵдڣ
ֻ⴫ļ۸Ϊİ󣬳Щ֮˻֮⣬֮Ҳ⴫½
Ͼȥ½ΣԼӣ˭ûԸȥأ
ˮüͷ΢壬ʱʹһͻȻãɲΪʲô£
Ͼһ壬ѲҪƺʩɣ
ˮŸ˹ӰУҲǳ֪´ӺζͻأվҴ׻ʹҪҴ׵۾ǲû𣿡
ٺ٣׻ʺ󣬿㻹˽ǼӰм壬Ǿɱ˸׻ʺһҼӰмɣ
˹ӰУҲһĨŵ΢Ц
ţûȤʲôӰм壬Ҫ֪ǹΪˮ
˵ʵ
ˮʹһһֹĳޣҲǱʹһ˺ܶ鷢
ͻȻ˹վԼĸǰˮһ³ɺһĸо
̬ܹãҲǼˣ
˹׻ʺҼӰм壬Ϸ½Ϊǿļ֮һλӦ൱Ƕ½ĵ۳ɣ
ʲʲô۳ļ𣿣
ˮʿˮû뵽һ壬Ȼе۳ʵ
Ҳ̫ŰɣĻôĲܾôˣ
ΪһǵʱǸҪ鷳
ˮԭ̬Ҳͣü֮һĨ֮ɫþû֮ȥ
׻ʺǿһİɣ
˹ˮЦ֮дһ˿䣬ˮ㷴ӦҲǷǳ⣡
ˮҴ׵۾δ飬ҪҴ׵۾ֻеҴ׵۾ˡ
޷ǿԵȣ
˹һɣ·طԼļһ
ˮҪ֪ǵΪʲôҪҴ׵۾鿼Ƿµģ

˹ͫҲѹ쳣ĵͣ
ϾǶ½֮ˣƺЩСġ
Ϊ׻ʹ֮УǸоЩ죡
ȻϷ½֮ˣҶ½֮˾ҪҺĶƺҲֲǰɣ
ˮЦһ֪һ«浽ʲôҩ
׻ʺֺαؾǧ֮أҼӰмʵҪ׵۾İ֪ڵĴ׻ʳ᧿Σûǿ֧ţ¡
˹ݲȣоһжƿ֮У
֪ǼӰмҪõʲô
ˮ֪νĺ϶Ǹȡ裬˹ղŵǾ仰Ѿˮ֪ܹõʲô
׻ʳȷǷƮҡ
οնɱ۳Ϣһһ½
׻ʳҲѾ˵ˣȻǻ֪٣
ͻȻֳһ֮ˣˮôܻǺأ
˹ˮٺһЦԭҪȴ׵۾ͬλĵģȻ׻ʺˣ˵˵Ҳ޷ҪõĶܼ򵥣ǱǶ½һĿȨ




2367¾޿ܵĺ
 

㡭˵ʲô
ˮԭվƫ֮ڣ˸˹һϯ֮ƺЩһȴ
½һĿȨһǲǷˣ
ѲһĿ꾹ȻѾ׼½
ӰмҰѾǴûб߼˰ʹһһ磬ǵҰĶǷǳĴ󰡣
磬ʹһѾǷδײ
û뵽ɽ磬ˮԭΪΪ󣬿Զûô򵥣
Ĵ׻ʳν⻼ôѣҲڲìܣ
ìƺѾĸо
˹ˮӣҲ΢΢һЦ˵׻ʺΪ½¹׻ʳĻʺӦûбҪôɣ
㡭㵽ʲô˼
ˮŸ˹ɫѾһƬ
ı죡
仰һεĻصˮУֻû뵽Ӱм岢ûѡʵǿ۳ȻĿ׼˴׻ʳ
ⲻò˵һ˷˼飡
˹˵Ѳɴ׻ʳҪư½𣿲ҿ׻ʳҪԱѣʲôˣ
˭ǴҪư½ˣ
ˮŭһʵҲ֪׵뷨Ϊ˱ѣ
ʲôưԲưԣ׸ûô˼
ټױһϲ˦ƹˣǵͳһ磬Ҳûйһ죡
һͳ磬ĿҲΪһõΧ˶ѣ
˹˵׻ʺҼӰм鱨ϵͳݷ½ʮ꣬½ĺܶණǶ˽һġ׵۾û׳־ô۳Ϊأ
ûκεĹϵˮɫҲѿ
˹΢΢ҡͷǰȷûκεĹϵڻйϵˡ׻ʳ۳նɱһλ۳Ѿǲݵľˣο׻ʺΪ׻ʳ۳𣿡
˹Ĩһ˿Ĳм׻ʳȻ¹󣬿ɵӼ
ҲΪʲôӰмѡҪ׻ʳ¾ȡһԭ
ʵʹһͼı½ѾãҲ֪ҪĿܣ
ǿеʲôǶ½Դ
Ҫ֪ɽԴһ뼯˶½ʣµļ½Ҳֻܹ붫½Ტۣ
۲
ͬΪߣ˭Ը⿴űռôԴȴֻܹӵмٵԴأ
廹ʹһ壬壬ǶҪͼı½
Ƕ½ʵȷǷǳǿȻڲȴǰˣձ
ҴȻд׵İ취ƺҲǸ˹²ĵɣ
ˮŸ˹Ȼûȷľܾ̬Ѿ˵һУ
˹ˮ׻ʺҼӰм൱ĳ⣬䱳ʹһΪܣǴ׻ʳʹһǵʱɲҪˡ
ڣ˹вˣ
ˮҲһҲǰθ˼ȣ
ߣвΣҸߴ׻ʺ飬Ϊ˸׺ڴ֪ǵĿȴǺⲻϷˣҼӰм𣿡
˹һЦҲǱøӵǿӲ
Σ
ˮ񲢲¸˹׵
˹֮Ĩһ˿ֻѡһʱӵ½һĿȨһǳΪʹһĳˣֻĻǵĵ˲۳滹ҪʹһˣأŴ׻ʺӦижϰɡ
в
ûκεˮ
ƺˮоԼҪĲӦĻ˾п߶ˣ
ֻˮ֪ڴˣҲܴӦģ
˽׵Ƣԣκ׶ӱ˵İţοأ
Ҫһͳ½ҲԼģǱвģ
ȻжϣھͿԸ𰸣ҪҴ׻ʳǼӰм޿ܣ
ˮһ̤ƫҲһĲ
˹ԭΪˮӦǻӦģû뵽Ȼһ
׻ʳȻǹ
Ȼʹһŭ𶼲ںֱ
ʱĸ˹ɫƺԥʲô֮ˮһΣ׻ʳͬ⻹ǲͬ⣿
޿ܣˮһЦұҲ㣬ֿ뱾ԻǿɲҪֱˣ
ţ
˹ЦеĶձըһʱӰѾǴӲͬķ߾ۼ




2368ʹһĵȼ
 


һӰѾǳ˴׻ʹΧ
ˮҲΧһУ֮дһĨɫ
û뵽⸥˹Ȼô˵Ǵ׻ʳߣˮɫܹÿʲôطأ
˹ˮ׻ʺҵģ
Ҵ׻ʹ֣ͲҴ׻ʳ𣿡
ˮŭ֮Ѿ׻ʹ˿ˮҲǳӰ
Ϊ֮˺Ȼ飡
֮ǰһֱںɽԼ󣬿û뵽ʱȻ˹ң
Ѫͳ桢ŵͳ򸾵Ҳվһԣ
Ŀǰ׻ʹܹ֮ɳǿս
ɼˣ׻ʹ֮Ҳֻɵۼǿ߶ѣ
ɩӣʲô
鿴ˮüͷҲ΢΢
һǽ𷢱۵Ⱥʵ
˹飬Цһߣû뵽׻ʹ֮оȻһλ֣ôأ
鿴Ÿ˹û˵ʹһˣЩû¾ǵϷ½ͦõǴ׵ңҿطˣ
ˣ㡭
˹ŭһû뵽һﾹȻǵֱԼΪˣ
ʵ˶Ƕ½ʹһĳ֮Ƕʹһ裡
ֻⲻһֿЦ˵жԣһô׵˵Ļأ
Ҫ֪һ˵ԵĴʻ㣬ʱǱǲݵľ棡
鿴Ÿ˹ȥɱˣ
Ǻˣҵƺûͷ˹飬Цһ
飡
Ȼͦ˵ĸǰˮ񿴵֮Ҳ΢΢һ
ʵԭͦǿƵģɿ˹ͻȻ֮ô˳֣ҲǴһ˿ĵǣ
ˮʹһʵָҲǰ˹˵ʲôʵ
飿
˹üͷһ壬Ҳ㶣
鿴Ÿ˹Ҵ׻ʳʹһ岢޹ϸ𣬽նҴ׻ʳңǱҴ׻ʳΪˣ
²˼ֻղ׻ʺ̸ۺˡǴ׻ʺ֮̽ȴˡ
˹һܹ£ȻҲǲҪֵģ
Цһ׻ʺǴ׵̬ȣ
ô˵˼Ҳˣҵδ׵۾Ǿܹ׵۾ô
˹˵ֻҪǸӦöܾǵĺģ
ȡö½һĿȨʣµһҲ൱ĸİ
Ȼʹһ廹Ÿε뷨ֻջǿӦǿˣ
Ѿ˵ˣѲ˲ɣնΧҴ׻ʹѾˣҴ׹صķϣǲ
鲢ǲնɱǰˣ֪ڵʵҪԸôּǲܵģ
ʹһ壬˲˽⣬ɽôܹ꣬˽أ
ʹһʵĺܣ
ʵʹһʵ붫½ʵֲ࣡
ı׳Ƶʹʹ֮ϱǴʹȨʹ
ȼʹһʵȼ
Ȩʹ֮ʹʹʹ
ȼֻܹһ㣬ʹһǿȼ
ֱʹʹͳʹ
гʹʵʵϺɵۼѾûʲôˣֻȺʽ̫һѣ
κһȺɽ磬ϸĵȼƶȣ
ʹһŴȼı־ȴȶ½ɽҪĶ࣡
ͱ˵Ǹǰλ˹Կóһǳʹڵǿߣ
ΪһɫɫǴΪʹе
Ǵڵʵ
ֻҪ˽ʹһˣ֪ȼֵôˣ
һԵȻ֪ǰ˵
ˮЩҪ֪ǰ˹ܹ½ɵڵǿĻľͲôĵˣ
ߣҪǽմ״ӦҲˣǲӦǽձǴʧ֮գ
˹ŭһʮλɫʹҲһɱ֮
ɫǱǸɵ۳ʵ޼
óһʹһ̸УҲ׼
ֻǸ˹Լû뵽ջ󣬾Ȼһֵ³
ʱܺõʲôطȥأ
鿴Ÿ˹˵ҷȰһ䣬ײҰĵط
ʹһǱĳˣ忴ǲǺֻϧǲ֪ջᣡɱ
˹ױŭȻѾ˺Щ֪Ⱥܵ˱Ҫ




2369ʹVS
 

ʹ֮
һ֮һ̴Ӹ˹γɣ˲ĸǰγһŰĽ
۵ĹâˮЩۣ
ֲĽƺΧΧ֮˶Щɪɪ
һԵʺ󣡡
治Ҳ֪Լǰ֮˵Ķ֣һ˵Ȼˮ˳źȥ
ɫأ
˴ʱŵĿ飬ȻҲ֪ǿ
һ˶Զսôʹһ֣ܶҲǵĲѣ
һ
ǿҲǸ˹û뵽ģ˹ԭΪǰһ϶ԼĶ֣
û뵽һ֮󣬾Ѿǳ׵ĸıԼ뷨
¡
һ˵ΧըЩʹһ֮ҲЦΪ֮һ׵ˣ
˹
ǿǳʹǿߣͬڶ½ɵڵǿ߰
ɵڶսɵ۳ڣͲһĽ
˶Ϊ˹ĳ֣ȫû뵽ոճ־ǿĵֿ
ӰСǴף
˹ɫһȥϵı鵹ЩΣ
ԭ뷨ʹһ˵뷨һģֻû뵽һôѲһ֣
ѾˣóʹǿߣԸһɵ۳ڵļһѲɻҪ˵İ
ҪǴȥĻԺ˹ôأ
˹ˣϾǶ½ǻսپɣ
˹Աߣһ˹޼߿Ÿ˹Ҳǳ
Կóڸ˹Ҳ쳣أ
Ըһӣ
˹ԲȺ֮ģˣ
˿Ÿ˹쳣ᶨӣҲʼһ縥˹Ը
Ĭ
˹˿ϬĿ飬һҲ¶һ˿˵Ĺâ
ղֲмȣѾǽ鵱ͬȼĶ֣
üͷ΢壬ҲǸŸ˹ǿѹȣ
Ȼ⸥˹Ǹ˹ʮλɵ۳ڵǿߣ
Լʦ粻ڣҲҪһ氡
ʱǲϣ׻Ϊþ׻һôĸ֣Ҳ׶༪٣
Ͼ֮ǰ׳ȥʱǻɻʾڵǿߣ
ټ׵ֻֿһλҲЩΣ
׵ʵ̫
һߣ
˹һˮ˼𶯣
ԭˮΪЩ˸Ķ֣һ֮ԼˣҴǷǳף
ʵ̫ǿˣǿЩֵĸо
ˮһԵ棬ҲЩǵʵ⡭ôôʵǿѾǴﵽɵۼ𰡡
˵ʵӦٺ࣬ʹ
ʹʲô˼
ˮĲ֪ʹһĵȼֵΣҲһͷˮ
濴ˮʺɽܶ黹Ǻ˽⣬Ҿ򵥵Ļʺһ°ɣʹҶ½ɵۻһġ
ʹ൱ɵڣ
ˮǿҲǳʵ
һԳʹ൱ɵ۳ڣȻ൱ڣڱ֮лаʹֻҵȴδѡ
ʹ⡭Ǹʲô
ˮóڡںͺģʹǸʲôһӻⲻˣ
ԺˣһҲǽͲģڵҪȶɹһεѹ˵ɡʺǽȵɽһɣ
濴ˮҲЩĵȰο
ʱãܲһǰ¾սҵ֮ززɣˮƵ̾һͺˡ
ĿǰΣʥˣҲΣְڶɵ۸ΧʱսһƬ¹˭ֻǡ
ǰôʹһǿҲüѣ
Ǿ˲У£ҪôʹһĸʵЩѶȰ
֮У
͸˹ӰѾǴսʮغϣƺ˶κβ˶Է
鲢ǾԼܹһķѴһвͨģ
ΪǴ˸˹˵ɵۼĸ֣
Ψһ뷨ܹˮ˻صɽĴ֮Уܹķſֽս
棬ٴʺɽ²˳١
鿴ˮǱ죬ȴٳٲȥҲƵһף
ߣ棬ǽһҲܲˣ
˹ĻҲĨһ˿ĺ⣡
ȻˣǱǲݵľ棬ߣûôõĳ
һʱ䣬ѾǱλʹһǿΧһ棡
ܲ͸硭




2370´֮Σ
 

᧿Σ
׻ʹԵЩѹ֣
ϳֳһĨ״̬֪ˮ˳µĻԼʦԭԼģ
һʱ䣬Щ겻ѣ
һ
һεʹԼľѧôҲû뵽ʱ۳ƣʹһ壡
֮е⣬Щֲ
һֱעĶ۳֮ˣʹһ֮ȫû뵽ģ
ߣСʹ֮
ǿǿ
ֱɱУ˭ϣ̵ܹʱڣ΢СĴۻ֣ܶ
ƺЩκβ˶Է
˵ʱϵԽöԽԽ
ʺȥҵȵסˣ
һɫҲ൱ѿƾҪסǾԲܵģ
֮У
ʮλʹͬʱһҫ۵İ׹⣬֮Ĩһ˿֮ɫ
ӰѾʧԭأ
ˮɫһƬĲҰף˵ǿΧҲǸоһľ
¡¡
һ˲䣬ˮΪģһƬ򳹵׵ܧûǿĽ֮У
ȿȡ
ǰż˵ĿӣϵҲǱȾ˺ɫ
ոպ͸˹һζѾǺķ鲻ٵ
һڶʹĹòȻסˮܹ֤ˮİȫ
˵ʵˮȥĻҲôǱ
ҪһԼʵĸ˹Ҫˮһˣ
һˣôõأ
鼱֮£ֻܹԼ赲һεĹ

ˮ˿ˣҲǼĿ˳
ΪǸղŵһ˿ԥҲڻĽȻⲻԸ⿴Ľ
飬û°ɣ
Щѣ˿ЩںԼʵʵ̫һЩ
ܹصԼ۷ˮ׼Ǵ򲻹ôʹҪӻغɽҲûпܵģ
֪ˣȫΪ˵ۣ
һʱ䣬Ҳǳ֮ɫ
һ˿Ц棬Ҫ˰Щôܵǵĵأ
飬ûµģ
ɫһŭݣοǰ飡
鿴棬ڲҰοʱһҪɩӣҪȻĻʦҲԭǵģ
㡭㲻Ҫ˵ˣܹߣҲڵʱ׻֪ʲô飡
ˮһҲԼľϣ
ȻҲϣԼȥô˶ߣӳȥһһأ
˵ʵڵڸղԼľ
ײκ˶вģ׵̬ȣ
ԲʹһвΪڲŵһˣǴ׵Ļʺ󣡣
ٺ٣ںڻüʹһ岻ȱһߣȻǿˣֻҪԹԵĺʱ򲻻ǵĺôģ
˹ŬʵĴ۳ǲ̫ܵģ
ΪЩ۳ʵǿᣬҲܹвģ
¹׻ʳɾͲһˣҪʵʵҪǣ
ΪؼǣǸĴϵĵ۳⣬ķǳĲ
ڸ˹һεĺܹ͵ĻǾͻܿɶ۳γ۳ľ棡
ֻҪռ˶½һ۳վȽŸĻͱ˳ˣ
û뵽˵ĺô˾ȻУ
Ȼŭ˸˹òǿƵֶǾͷ
ڿѾ֮Ҳǵ
ʱѡѡ񣬶ʱ̸ʱҲԽԽ̣
ߣֻҪҴ׻һǱʹһ岻ݣ
֪ʹһѾǴŭ׵ۣ
Ǵ˿׹أҲԲʱЭģ
ǵ̬ʵǴ׹̬ȣ
ʵǱնɱʵЩϧ˰οһεĺ׻ʳûκεĻ𣿱һλᣬӦˣ˶Իš
˹ż˲ܶɣ
Żʺ뿪ʣµ齻ҾͿˣ
¶һ˿ЦݣƺѾʲôһ㣬һԵ˸оһĲ
㡭ǧҪɵˮ񽹼Ŀ飡
˹̾һȳ浹ǸˣǲģԼ֪ϧ
Ҵߣ
ڸ˹Լ֣׼һնɱƵʱһɭѾð˳




2371·Ҵߣ
 

䣡
ڸ˹׼ֵһɲǣ
һֺĽѾ˸˹һԵ飬˿ѾǺȻ˼Ӱ˵ĸǰ
Ҵߣ
⼸֣׻ʹϤһ˵ҲǼ
ʥϡ
ˮ˿ǰˣҲǼԸӣ
ԭʱ̣ΪҪطˣʱ׾Ȼˣ
һŶ裡
׵Ļع·˳һŶһ㣬˸оһļ
ֻǼ󣬺ֻܿع鵽ԣ
׻عǲҲǿһЩսѣ
ʹһӵڶɵۼǿ߰Ϊ׵λ˹ǿ൱ɵڵǿ߰
ʦ磬ˣ
Ҳֿһ˿Ц⣬׵ĻعҲһ
Ȼ֪ײһǰڶǿߵĶ֣֪һ̲ǹ¾սˣ
˵飬ЩǱ׿ҲЦŵ·ûн˹˿У
֪˻ң
ҲЩΣ۳˵ĻֱӾͻɽˣ
·Ҳû̫£
û뵽һһ׻ʹе֮ҷ
׻ع飬ڼõˣ
ʹһ壿Ƕ½û뵽һﾹȻҴΪУǲ۰
תŶΪ׵ĸ˹֮ҲĨɱ
׵۾
˹׵Ļع飬ҲĨһ˿Цݣ
ˣоϣҲˣ
һǽӵ˼ŹģΪѣ
ڸ˹ֽʹһͼ׵ı¶˳ﻢˣ
ԭΪ׻ʳ½Ļʳ϶ǵסջҪ֪ǿǰ½
Щ׷ˣôֵܹסأ
׻ʳǿƳΪɽ¹ȻҲҰĲģ˹ԼļƻǴ׻ʳܹܾģ
ֻû뵽յ׻ʳһӵĻң
ڿ׻ع飬оλ׵۾Ӧ׷ˣϴһĨЦ⣡
Ǻˣ
ײ֪׷ʲô飬Ÿ˹ʵ
׿νǷƮҡʱп۳ѹȣ
ֻʵǲףĶ½飬ΪʲôϷ½˻ܹأ
¸˹ӰУϷ½֮һļӰмĳϣҲһι̸֮ˣ
˹һԼ֣صĽһԼ
׿Ÿ˹ӣ˵Ǻķʽ
ᣬȫǸᰡʥϡ
˹̽͵ʵԭҲǲ붯ֵģЩˣ
֪λ׵۾ô磬Ӧһģ
֮ǰˮģŶ֣
᣿Ǻǣɱֵܣν᣿ȻˣǱ°ɣ
׵˵ֻ⼸仰Ѿ֪˵⣡
ʹһ
׻ûôĹ򣬸οҪʵԼͷ飡
ôʵĺأ
ʥǺ⣿ҴĿǼӰмĳ⣬ǺǺ׻ʳõ󲻵ĺô
˹һϾҪ֣ʶûʵôͺʽҲŭˣ
ŶΣ
׿Ÿ˹ǿһСһ㣡
˹ʹһǴ׻ʳõ½һĿȨʱʹһ干ٹ⣡
㻹ĵСôһĿȨ³֮Ҵ׻ʳ֮հɣ
ЦСƵİϷԼĸǰ
ֱԼ̰˻ΪԼ̺ܸ߲ɣ
㡭㡭
˹û뵽׾Ȼ˵ôֱףҲסˣ
ˣȻҴ׻ʳҰޱһ̰ɣҴ׶֣Ҫľ򣡣
ЦһԼĵҰκ˶У
ߣô˵׵۾ǲҼӰмˣľ㻹ʸ񣡣
˹Լ˵ʵʵ̫ţ
ֻû뵽ԼĿɽɱеɵǿһֻѾˣ
οǸǿᵽһĵزǰˣûзУ
ʸ㲻֪𣿡ʼձһĨȻ
Ǵ׻ʳҵģȻ˵ĻҲҪľ򣡡
˹ѧҲͬĻвף
һԵʦ磬һʵǿᣬɵСһЩ
ǿƨһֻĵ
ʱСѾǳȥһԵҲڵСҲһľϲ֮ɫ




2372С
 

׻ʹ
֮жǴһ˿ĵǣ˿̵ȴѾǿЦ
СһȻɹˣ
һ뵽СʲôݣҲǼ
˹ԭΪֵ˿϶λʵǿĴ׵۾û뵽ֵ˾Ȼһļһ

˹ҲŭˣһȻ˵ҪԼĵ
оԼܵһ裬һʱ䣬ὣУ׼һ֪ߵغļһ
¡
ֻǸ˹ոճǰһĽ֮ʱȴ˿ֲһĻ
СȭͷֱӽԼĳʹ֮Ľɢˣ
ֲ˹
ԼȭͷѾﵽ˿ֲľأ˹һʱ˵
ȥСôͣ
һҲסˣСȿֲģҲЩ㵵Ŀף
һԵֿݹһЦôС𻹿԰ɣ˵飬ܲܲҪûмģ
ֿݣһȻҵϷңҲƵĿһԵֿݣֿݺٺһЦҪǸϻĻ¶ûˣ
ȥݣС𵽵󵽵ױʲô˰ɣԭΪһǺߺ֮ģĻˡ
һʱҲǿС𵽵ʲôʵֻһ̫ˣ
˹ԭҪնɱСһ壬ߵķ֣Ҫ尡
ȫǱѹ
ʹھǱèŵһ㣬ͷܣ
ֿݺٺһЦƨצ˵û
ոֿ˵ʲô⣿צ㲻ǸҿЦɣʦ磬ǲô
Ҳǳ׵ˣצ
ǿĻ尡û뵽СȻѪ
˵ģһȥͷǳţ氡
ЦŵСڵȷǺǿбţģԺ֪ˣ
ɶ⣿бţģ˭
һˣȻ֪׵Ϊʲôô˵֪׵һֱ൱Ĳ
ô˵Щץһ㣡
ֿݺٺһЦʥ˵ûһǳȥ׬˲ٵĺö֪ʥշһʲôǿأ
ģС⡭ôأסʦ㡭ͻˣ
ڸоԼĸǰһۻң
ףʶԼλʦȻͻˣѾΪɵۼǿߣ
Ĵһʱоǰ˻ǲʲô
˿Ҳ׵ߣֿСֵӣҲǱ˵鰡ôԶͿһһէģʲô
ȥ棬Ҫ֪ıһأƵ˵
ļٵİʲôҲȤʵ
Сʶİɣһԭǳ֪İɣ鿴ʵ
⡭⵱Ȼ֪ǻףһﻯɹˣҲǼʵ
ɹ񰡣֪Сɹ֮ɶˣʵӣ֪һԼҲ࣡
ʲôˣʶʵ
צţưɣһֱһ𺳵ģӣЦղŲ˵һһէҿҲ簡棡
ҵ찡ʵ˰ҲǾ㵵˵
鿴ãղʦֿ˵ˣһǳȥȻշһǿߣ
շһǿߣǺ°ЦŵСѾˣǿôҲܱȵСˣ
֮ǰҲôģɡʦֿݾȻ˵һշǿ߾Ȼ֮СҪǿһЩҸ׼ʦˣһֱ˵ʶ㣬Ҳһ¡
ղ˵һһէһﱨĵͦģ
һյģҲǵ
ʿˮ⡭һǲ²צģҡҶ֪ɶˣҪ֪ǡ
ˣʦ磬ܱܲ˰
ͣĺѾģ
Цŵ¶һ£
²Űʦ磬Ҹ뷨࣬ҵȿѾǿ˰Ƶ˵
ֿݹһЦȷΪǿ壬һշ𣬸ҲǲѶãټλѾɵڵʵǴһһλǿˣ
ɵڣࣿѲȸһһ塢׻һǿߣ漸ͬʱʵ
ȫȻ֪ôǿңǾ͸ǰɣֿ΢΢һЦȻ֪ûһ壿




2373ܸ
 

һ壿
һԵȻĿ׺ֿݣҲǾȲѣ
ôǲһ嶼û˵ɣ
ֿݿı飬ҲǿЦˡ
鿴ֿݵӣƵ˵˵ֿݣѾˣ˼𣿾֪һƺˣǱһǶ½дڰôôأ
ǰһޣҸ֪Ĳ࣬˵ǰѾǾˣ½Ҳûзһټ
浱껹ɽʱ򣬾˵飡
ֹôˣһ廹ڡ
˵ʦ磬ǿˣɶ
ֿ˵ʵ
׿ѹҲŵӣҲЩˣ
ⶫƭǲɣ
ҡҡͷһǲţһսһĿֲ˵ɵˣɵ۳ڵʵҲѱɣСǸ⣬ǻɹѣҪ
˼ѾǺˣ׺ǵʵһҲܿƵסһǿߵģ
ֱţһλһǿߣǿǿȺһĴڰ
棬˵ǲɵ˰飬ѲɲԼ鿴һ°
װһ飬һԴǲǲ˰
ô򵥵飬Ȼֿݸˣˢȥǹˣ
԰ôˣ
һԼԴоԼԼˣ
һĺЦ˿ҲһڴĿ飬ΪһѹҲʵ
ܿ죬ɫһĳ죬Щ˷ܵ˵ȥһ𰡣һǹǿĻ룡
룿ҵ찡
Ǽ˴棬һҲǳ׵Ķˣ
׵˵Ҵ׻ʳᰲȺܶ࣬۳ˣҲǣ
˵ʦ磬ҷҴطʵûʲô˼Ǹһȥ˼
Ҳһ˷ܣ˻Сںţ
Ѿ֮ǰǰ׽ˣ
һʥϳȥǿǴɱķ۳ûйҰֿҲЦʵ
۳ǹʲôң˵ʦնɱ۳һλļٵİ⴫ԽԽаˣҲ֪ļٵˣ
鿴׺ֿݣҲǼĺܣ
һԵ˻İæնɱһλʲôأ
ٺ٣ֹһλһλնɱˣҶշ֮ǰʥʵѾǳԽ˰
ֿҲ̾˵˵ҲһĿ׳ɳģ
׳ɳٶʵЩˣѾоܹó֮ˣ
λ۳ɵڵʵʿˮ
Ҷѣ
˵Ե÷ǳǫ飬ѾЩľˣ
ܹ𾪵ľˣɽһֶֻùɣ
Զ
Сսʱ׶ûгѾǽ˹£

Ÿ˹Сһס˲ӣЩԭ׼СǰʹһһǾֵĿС
ôҲû뵽ԭռƵǣᱻ˸ƨ
һ˵ȫѺɣ
ײδҪɱ䣬˹ҲΪѯһЩ飡
ڵʱŲһǾҪԼˣ
ʹһͻȻЩɻЩһƺҪͼı½
ǵôĵӣ
½νĴ½ΪǿĴ½֮һΪ½ȨĻ˭ҲһƬأ
˹˿Ҳһ㤵ı飬ʿˮ׵ˣ
ǰλʥ϶ûж֣һ˾ͽԼƵϡ
֪λʥĻԼѾһˣ
˹ףҲЩӲ˵׵۾ɱҵĻǻܵӰм׷ɱɵˣ
вޣ֪в޵˶ʲô³𣿡׿Ÿ
ҡҲ˼
һ£óƺģ
üӰмĳϣϷ½ʹû뵽˾Ȼһ³
׿Ÿµ˵мҪ㣬Ļشˣ޵ҲΪ㣡
㡭ʲôʰɡ
һȻʱʲô˵أ
ԭΪ׵飬ڱԼһ⣬ܵв
ƱǿҲֻܹˣ




2374Ҫ
 

׻ʹ
׵˴֮ϣһʹһǿȴΪ˽
ʵҲ֪νķѾû̫ˣ
Щǿʱ˭ǿᣬʱȴ˭
δ£֪ԼѾ֮У
һεĴ֮УΪԼĳ嶯ĽҲԼû뵽ģ
ԭΪ϶飬ȴΪһ
ĬΪǾ˵ʱ̣
׿Ÿ³ʹһӵϷ½ȴҶ½˭ǵĵӣ
׵۾˲˵ҼӰмڴ׻ʳҲǹ۲˼ʮʱˡһǾǰҲΪڷһЩ飡
³ʵҪڶ½ѰĿѾã
ûƺûһĶ󣬴׻ʳĺճȷĿ꣡
¾Ⲣûʲô˵ģѾϣκ鶼԰̸ˣ
ʱ׹֮Σ
飬˭ܹóʲô֤ݳأ
ڵĸ˵ЩҲЩ޼ɵ
ڵ飿ʲô飿üʵ
׵۾ֺαزҴţʹһ춫½٣춫½ֺֹʹһ壿ҲˣǶ½ԼڲҲ˰ɣ
²ʲô۵飬ɽ磬һûҰأ
ü㵹ʵϣɾƾһܹҴ׻ʳΪ½㲻Щ̫쿪𣿡
ʥ۳׾ѣʹһƣټϴ׵ʵŰ⵹۳ûпܵɣ
ݸһЦʱһεĹƻף
ʹһǿҲ壡ǵʱǺǿĴ۳Ǹʱ㻹֮л·𣿵ʱѾ·ˣǴ׾ͻĴ۳Ŀը
⡭⡭
һסˣ˵Ҳʵ
ȷˣĵʱľĻʹһҲܸƴһģ
ʱֻˣ
ǸʱĴ׻ʳڼз֮ûˣ
ⰡǰʲôҾͿԸ㣬ҪҺǱҪóӦĳ
׿Ÿ£øһ˾
ԭΪˣλ׵۾ȻкĿԣ
̵ֻҪ׿ϺʹһȻᶯһпܵ׵۾Ȼ˵޷
ҵܼ򵥣Ǳ۳ʹһ۳Ļʣµļ۳ΣӦǷǳĹƽİɣ
׿Ÿ£ЩһҪԼǹʹȴûôɵ
ǵȷǺˣֻ׵ûκεջ
㡭˵ʲô۳
Ҳһ۳ʵǿᣬ˵ʹһȷǿ۳һɽˣ
ʹһ׺Ŀģô׻ʳĴ۳֮սǳʰо֣
׵ķøһӸоԼ˿һ㣬һĪ֮У
ôĴ۳Ҵȡ֮ʹһⶼòĻǿɾͲܹûгˣ
һҲǶˣ۳ҶҪ
˭˲أ
ǿһ˫ˣڵʱʹһʲôԼɹܲô࣡
һֻܹ˵ǻˮ
֮󵽵ʹһӦӦǿɲܵ飡
⡭ҵûȥȺһ£ϾôҲܹģ
һҲѧˣֻҪԼصȺ֮Уǲǰȫ
̸ܺеĿԲ
һǣķԼߵĻôǰȫģ
ǿԣһ޲ϣԺһεķ
׿Ÿ£ɱҲΪһ׶ʱʵڲʹһȥ
ټʹһ̰ĵĻҲ۳ˣ
׵۾ģǺȻ鷢ˡ׵۾뷨һȺ֮ᵱ峤ˣ
ҲôķϻʵҲ֪˼˵еģ
۳Ͷ״ˣ
ֻǸ֮Ҳţ۳ĻʱʹһҲὫ̤ƽ
νĺǽ׻ʳѣ
ֻҪڶ½һ˳ĽھͿˣĵʱ˵
ˣ鵽ʱȥȷĴڵˣ޻һɻҪ⣬ʹһƺɽҲ쳣Ѱ
һ뵽ˮǵʹһ壬ˣ
ֻ˷޹ҲҪһﵽôˣ




2375תˮ
 

ɽ磿
ЩƵĿףһٵĵӵİ
ҲλǿӦùܵ
һǲʵеĵ˰ҪȻôôأ
ҲǸѣɲĵô˵
ǰЩ棬˽һ£
׿Ÿ£ԸĲΣӦò֪ɣ
֪׵۾ΪôʣʹһȷѾмʮûзˣ
¿Ҳһɻ󣬲Ҳǳ
Ϸ½ʲôܣֻǰλǿ߲֪ѣ
Ѿ̸ô˳ˣ⸥¿ɲΪЩǰλǿߣ
ĵĻΪС¸᣿
㣡
ʵЩ㰡
ʮû˷ˣΪΣ׳ʵ
ʼΪԴѷȺķֳ֮һȺҪǿһЩʱر˷ͨ
ܹͨرգЩƵʵ
ʵʹһȺ붫½߲̫һ¿׳
һԵʹһĲ࣬˶࣬ҸҲǵսǺһģǻϿĶ˺ս
޿һսǿ׿Ÿ³
ô˵أ˳ʹȺܸߵļս΢С˺ܶ࣬΢СҲвģֻܹ˵Сѣ
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׵ͷˣʲǰɣ˺սҲһڣ
¿׵׵۾ʵʹһķܼ򵥣ֻҪתصĻʵǿ֮˶Է
ʲô˼ʵǿܹ
׳׵ˣĺ£ƺ߸ǲܵģ
µͷֻҪﵽʮʹĻ϶ǿԷģ֮󼸺ԳΪʹֻʵЩβѣ
Ҳ˵ʮʹڻǺڣǿԷģ
׳׵ıʹһˣѾҲ̫˰ɣ
ֻҪתأǿԵģ
һεĿƶĵͷ
׿Ÿ³ʵתأ
תȺ֮洦ɼֻҪתصʹǱϴһ㣬ʹһһֻܹתתһΣ
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Ⱥ˲ǰɣ׿Ÿ³ʵ
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ðɣתа׿Ÿ³ʵ
תأʵֻҪŪתصˮǵﶼõģЦŵ
ô򵥣
ҲǱ⸥¸ˣô򵥵ĻǶʹһ˵ǸϢ
״ٹһ󷨹˻ˮһˣ
֮ǰԭҪˮǷԼ֮УǸʱԱûУ
ȴҲЩˣ
׻ǲ㽫ˮǷԼ֮УΪʲô£
ڼˮʸõһĲ㣡
ԺʲôǿߣʱԼˮǣЩ˿Ҳֻܹɵˣ
ǳļ򵥣תؿڸУרŵ˿³
Ѿû˷⻹ҪЩɻʵ
ʼ׵۾֪תصˮҲĺòϣǳڽеĻǿȻвСİġΪ˷ֹȺ֮תˮҲפ˺ܶĸֱתأ
ܸܲһЩ
Ҳ֪ˣֻҪˮʲôطһģ
ֻҪתˮʱ򻹲Ҫ˭˭
ˮǵһͳΪһͳˮ˵ⶫ߿ԷЩ߲ûˣ
ЦŵΪӰмĳϣŪһЩתصˮкѣ϶в٣ֻҵĴָ֮С
һ㶣漴ЦŵǸ¸ӦǿԸһЩİɣ
ʥϼȻϣǶҲǿԵģ
Ȼ֪ҪⶫȻŻЩӲж֮Ѿ͸һӵֺ֮ˣ
һ£
´ָ֮еˮѾǵ׵֮У
Ҳ˵׵֮жΪһС͵תأ
ԼҲû뵽ʹһķôĲϹذ
һͨ죬ȸµߵʱѾǺüʱ֮ˣ
ֻˮ˶ЩΪʲôҪһߡ




2376׺Ŀ
 

׻ʹ
վһԣˮҲЩĵĿף
˿̣ʮֵףƺֻܹԼһ㣡
ÿһΣ׶ȥҴң
ÿһΣ˶ֻܲһ
ʱƺ˼˸ղʹһϣ
ʵЩףΪʲôͻȻ֮ı⣡
һԿ׵ʦ磬һҰģҪǵŽ½ôᡭ
ǰʥϣ˵ĻԺҴ׻ʳ¾ͻΪˡҴ׵ķչΪĲ
ҲһԵǵ˵
ˮǵͷ࣬ǱȻҪǣֻҪһ˿Ļᣬʱǿܻų갡
׿Цʵ˵ˣ
ʦ磬㵽ôİ
鿴ף֮Ҳд˵֮ɫȥڴĲ
˵ģͽʹһ˳ڴ׻ʳǱǷ꣡
׳ʹһ½ѾıѾˡҲҪǺסǶѣҪңҲʸУ
סǣʵĪʦҪһ˼ĶԸ۳
۳ʱ»Ǵ׻ʳ֣նɱλ
ڸ˷ľƣƶڴ˵Ҫģ
˵صҲΪ
նɱλ
ˮһȷ̫ˣ
յϢҲնɱһλɵڵ֮ǰǻһΪأ
Ϊ׵ʵʵ̫նɱɵڵǿߣȷǲܵ飡
ô˵ǲҲˣ
֪ײƭǵģˮ𺳣
ͷղѾʦ˵ˣЩɻնɱλ۳˵ǳصĴѾ㹻Ҵ׻ʳ˰
ǵĿɲǴ׻ʳôһ鵯֮أװڰֵ
֮ǰĲ֪۳Ϊʲôǣˡ
۳ҰĸֹڴˣڵҪĿӦǶ۳
붫۳ȣ׻ʳֻһп޵Ĵڶѣ
Ҫ֪˶۳׻ʳʲô֮
ǲͬ˰֮ǰʦ粻ǵ۳̫³۬ѣȴնɱ۳λ۳¡
鿴׳ľҪһôˣ
ЦŵԳҪĻˣ
ԳȻ½ʢҲ۳ǿ߹Ҵ׻ʳɣĹĻʱ¶۳ҲҲְ
濴Ҳǳ
ʧ꼰㣡
۳ɲΪ۳׵ķⲻø۳һ
ţնɱλ֮κ˶Ҳ֮ĶԹˣ
ߣǻϣ׻ʳ۳ƴһҲ˵أ
׹һЦһǿ²֪һεĶԳǸӶѣԭ۳̫³۬Ҫ붫۳ľŹ溷ƾж䣡
⡭Ҫˣ
ˮһҲһ
۳ôôǴ׻ʳİ
һĻǵʱǱлĻᶼûˣ
һԵҲǳʦ磬ôϢȻЦó
ΪʲôЦأƻ۳ĻԼأ׹һЦ
ƻ۳ĻԼ˵ʦҪɽΪа֮ǰʹһҲˣ۳Ҳˣڵﶫ۳Ļôڵʵ¡
һεĻص֮ǰ⣬ףǵ֮ɾͲðˣ
ݸһЦҲΪʲôղŲɱǰʹһ֮˵ԭΪʱʺϵǣοĴӦҵҪȽ۳ĻҲǴϢĻ𣿡
һʯ
׶ʹһĴԵþͳ˺ܶ࣡
Ҫ֮ǰӵĻǰѾǱ׸նɱˣ
ǵĿɲԼԼߵˣ
ĳ棬ԼһЩĻǿˮǾͻΣˣ
ʦôȥƻ۳֮ʱǸư鿴Ҳǳ
Сѵǹ溷ˣ׹һֵ
ѽǲ˰椲ǸʦҲлԼ𣿵ʱǸܺõɰ
һ֮ǰڴܻʳ飬Ǹ溷Ƹ׻йԼ
һԵˮЩƵĿףһ浽׻жٵķծ




2377¼
 

׻ʹ
һλƺҲ׼ҲҴȥҲҴң
һվǶ۳
ʵϣڵѾüޣ˵ƻ۳ͷȴ£
׻ʳȻսʢҲʼѣ
Ƶ۳ȣӦûͬһ֮ϣ
ڼ϶۳Ļײ붼֪ͬһϣ
ֻܹŲ½΢ƽƺ۳
Ҫ֪۳ĺ滹һǱʥɽ
Ȼ۳˺Ƥ֪£ǲ˺ƤʱֻҪ۳۳ϣ³ҲԶ׼ģ
¶ɣ
úܶ˼ɵ׻ʳôĿҲʹﵽˣ
񣬴׻ʳü޵ıҪۺʵϾɹ֮սǲǼλɵۼǿ߾ܹƵģ
ʱɱɽ¾ͻ᲻ϵŸɵ۵ʵ
ҲΪʲôһȥڵԭֻһõˣ
ڲ˵Ĳǣ
棬ѪǱôˣ׿Ҳǳʵ
ѪǱȲƽֻԱڶʵԴȴ쳣Ķȱԡ
Ҳʵʵ˵Ȼ֧ѪѾչֳһʵ
Ǿ׵Ŀ໹ǺԶģ
ɻʾǿߣκһɹ˵ǶǷǳֲһˣ
һԵҲ̾һǰɻʾǿɽ籾ϡȱԴǷǳӴ󰡣
һȥǱߣѾüĿˣ΢΢һЦ
üĿڿϰǣҲôľģϾҲҪ
鿴ףôĺ˵
īǵʦ𣬿ôأ
īֻһѣ
ͷҲֻ˵ʤްɣ㾡ȫ߲֮ŻЩϣΪɽ糬ţôܡ
Ҳ΢΢̾һ
뷨õģʵǲпģ
ɽûԵ޹ʵİͺޣ˼ΪʲôҪһδĴ׻ʳأ
Ҫ֪ǰҪ۳ģ
һԵˮЩΣҲǸϽײ˵üĿһõĿʼ
˵ʦ磬ڴӦˣ鿴ҲЦʵ
׵ͷûˣҲֱ˵ˡڻ㾡ȫڵԴҴ׻ʳҲһ
ۣ
ԭ״ϢӦòʲôرõϢ
ϾֻüĿѣû뵽νüĿȻģ
֮ɫԱ
Щ͵ʵʥϣ⡭ôܣ
ǰںںôҲǳţǵĵԾԲܴӦҪİ
鿴ףҲһŵĿף
ȻѾǳжϷΧһε֮е׷ʲô
˴˿ϳ֮⣬Ƕڴܹһ𰸣
һԵֿݹһֵ˵鰡һûȥǿϧ˰һȵı۳
˵ֿ꣬ݿʼĽһη飡
ֻǵֿݽ֮󣬼˶ڵþûز
̫ˣ
ʦ磬㡭Ҳ̫˰ɣ㾹ȻΪ˲ŷұӵͽܣշ˵ˣշںڣҵѽ
ȼ֮ˣ˿ֿҲǾ°Ͷˣ
ʱ˿׵񣬳˳֮⣬ѾûĶˡ

һʱ䣬֮г˱ǵζ
һӽԵĵҩóˣ
߲ʰ쵵ĵҩ˵ҲһĿ֮ɫ
ôԴڶǻӵһֻӴʵǿĶˣ
鿴Цŵˣ棬һӦ÷˰ɣ
ʥϣ⡭ôĵҩڶʱܹһֻˣ
˿Ҳʮ㣬˶ĵҩЩһֱ޵ľɱҲἤѰɣ
Ҫ֪ⵤҩԿڶʱһǳĲΣ
׵ͷɻԪ䷽ѾˣʱȵһƷĻ˸ǽǢġǵǲϵǵʵʵս
İɣЩǴδ֮ڿ϶ܹһ֧ɽΪ֮ĳţ
濴쳣ļҪ֪Ѫŵĵһͳ˧
ʱѪʱǾɽģҲʷˣ
һʱ䣬׻ʹҲǳŻЦ
ƺÿһ׻ܹ˴ܶľϲһ㣡




2378ȥҴ
 

׻ʹ
ƽȷչ
ʱжӦòܵ۳Ϯţһεı۳
еĿľΪƻ۳
ȻˣӦֻ۳дʶѣĿĿ۳
ҪҪ̲۳ⶼԸ⿴飡
ԭǴǰ۳ģ£Ҫػף
Ȼж۳ʱڲܹףǲԳأ
οڼʹһôһҲҴ⣡
ڴ׻ʳĺɽһҲ׸ҳߴ׵һڣ
۳۾³ԸԲھԴ˹׵ģ
οֻҪײڴ׻ʳ׻ʳҲû̫壡
˶֪Ϊײų֮Ϊף˵ǵĿǴ׻ʳ˵ǵĿأ
۳͵Ϯ׻ʳĻô׾Ͳ͵Ϯ۳
ĳ̶ȣ˭Ҫ˭
ҪôһټҪôǰνɧƺѾû̫ˣ
ʦ磬ҪˣҪȻҲһȥط϶쳤ë˰ʦ硭
鿴״㶯Ҳǿףڴ֮ɫ
׿˵С鰡ͺúõĴߣɷͨŪ֮󣬵ʱǾȥˮһΣ
ˮǵȷкܶûȥˣҲ֪ڵǸʲôˣҲЦŵ
ţһҵȥߵҪǱˣ
׻ЩĵĿ
Цŵİʦ磬һȥҲСһЩ
ǰףȻ֮ǰܹ׻ҲעעⰡ
ˮЩĵĿף
ţİµģ
ʮ㣬Ϊǵв۳ԱӦҲûģ
ǻ֮ʮ㣡
ˣ֮ǰڶ۳µĻæ
ˮһʱ뵽Ҳǵ
׹һֵȻҴȥ۳ĵһվȻƼˡҲ֪ôˣ
һҴȥ֮ҲûлҲǵĵĺܡ
ˮлһǣҵģʵ̫ˡ
һʱҲûڳȥ۳һȥˣҲ飡
ţֹҲڶ۳ʱܹһҲǽž
ЩɵЦ˵ôŮҲǸоЩ̫˼
㡭͇Nɪɣ
ˮһ뵽һ˵ķҲƵĺܣ
˭һаֺأ
˵ˣûһĻʵǿͲˣ
ˮ񲢷ǼʣֻһЩ޳ܶѣ
׹һֵ׵ھǵˣ˦ƹҲֻܹЩиˣ
İɣЩӦģ
濴ҲЦŵʵڵѾû̫˼ˣ
׵ͷ鶼ˣʱȥ׼һˣҲ֮ǰʧȥĶҪ
ż
û뵽׾ȻԼ飬ҲĨһ˿ĸж
֪ʵ̤ƽҲǲڻµ飡
ԼЩɣԵҲЩΣ
Լֵ飬Լܹ壬˵׼ҺԼҲǹѪˣ
ˣȥ۳Ҳ֪ҪѶٵʱ䣬Ҳڵʱ棬ҲҪúõıءʲôΣյĻʱӦ֪ôɣ
׿һεѵСӸһһȥƴ
κεֻҪԼͨһ£ǻյϢģ
ͷ⣬һ⣬Ҫʵ̫
ʲôʱ򶼻еģǵİȫǵһλ׵ĻʳǣûбҪôľᣬ֪ܶ𣿡
תͷˮһʳǶѣ
˵ˣ׵Ŀ겢ֻͣŸԶĿ꣡
ܸɲϣԼֵܺŮ˳¡
һ£ǺڿҲˣ
ţԺעģˮˮĴ۾ҲǸжĿף
һˣȥأҲץʱ㶨ɷͨ
˽ǵͷϾҪغ׻ʳδ
ȥıӰˮ˵Ҳ͸һӲζ
һ̤ǰ۳·;˭Ҳ֪ǰȴĵʲô




2379ĳͻ
 

۳⣡
Ϊ۳ĳ֮̾Ϊֹ
ǸƵĳţǸо磡
ǳ֮һģͼ˸оһľη
Ƕ۳ΪĵĵطҲ۳ڵĵط
ڵڣ۸ӣ
ڶԳҪеʱ½Ҳǽ붫۳
ټһθ۳̫붫۳Ź׵ʱҲΪĹע
ϾֱӰ½ĸ֣
Ӱ쵽δķչҲǴһ״̬
Գ
½һʢᣬΪﲻж۳ĸ·ţ½ɳ
ֻҪӵжԳʸ񣬱Բμӣ
˵۳ÿǧһʢᣬҲǶ۳Ϊѡ˲ŵһΪҪ;
Ķ۳Ѿ½ĩҲǼϣͨķʽĺ
ΪԳĳһ죡
ԲԴ½ŽУΪֻҪһΣԻúܶԴ
ԳĹھǻ벻Ľ
ΪһεĶԳĹھƷɵǻһʳķأ
Ҫ֪һʳķأǴŵĿʯ
׶һǣǲرϤֱ֮ȥƼң
ֻƼҵųʲô֪ҲֻܹѰѣȻȥѰƼ֮ˣ
ߣ´ԺҲԺǰţֱ
ԭǴһɽ֮Ϣԭֱӽǵġ
ҲҪﻮһ½Ӧô죿
˼ŵӦεʱȴ߲ԶĵطһһŮ˸Χ
Щ˼һɫɻʾǿߣȥһĸĺܣ
Ƿ۳֮ǰӭӸλĵǺ⣿
Χ֮˿ȥЩɫأ˵֮ȴһ˿İȻ
Сӿɻǵң
˱Χ֮ʣΧǵ˵ȴһӰ
ɽȻ㣡
ǸһˣƺҲһ
ߣⲻ⣿ϲСӿɻǵǧǰԺǶ´Ժû뵽һˣ
ɽӣƺǵһ㣡
գҶ´ԺԺǿͣҪԺ֮ĶԿɣ
ɫӦǸоһ˿˿Σ
׾ں󷽿֣´ԺȻ֪ģΪ֮ǰ˵Ī̾ڶ´Ժ棡
ԺҲ˵ģǿ۳Ժ֮һ
´Ժһ˭֪أɽÿ춼кܶĽ쿴ļհ
ɽѾǴҪŪļһˣ
ߣɽΪ㻹ôŰҪֵĻֻҪеźһ֤޻أ
ಣ
˿ѾǶһ̻һĶ
źŵɽҲǱȽϵĳʵûжã
ڵͼʵˣЩô
ǶǰЩɻʾǿ˵źŵȥĶǸ⣡
ֶóã
СӻǲҲ˼óۣ㷢һҿ
ɽЦֹ֮ҲĨһ˿ɱ⣡
㡭㵽Ҫʲô
ɫѾ൱ѿԭΪһԼҪѵһԼ
ǴǵĿ֮УѾǷһĨ
һɱŨأǼ򵥵Ҳѣ
Ӧ֪ҪʲôɣɽٺһЦ
ɽϸֳһĨЦɽ֪һ۳̫Ҷ۳ľŹɻ飿Ϊ㻵ĻʱҶҪԲ˶ߣ
ƺͲӦòĵˣҪ㣬ͽǶ´ԺǸĪ̸㶨ˣ
ɽĻǰ׵ڵ
ɽĪʦҶ´ԺĴŮ֮ףҶ´Ժһһţ㾹ȻĲ
Ĳҿɲˣ֮𣬱ٿĿռȻԩ·խǵ֮أɽ¶һ˿Ȼ
׾վǲԶһϣ˳ͻҲУ
ǵĪֵʱҲüͷ




2380ŵɽ
 

֮У
ôҲû뵽˵ĳͻȻΪԼỊ̄
Ķĸİ
׵֪Īƺڶ´ԺֻĪǱһʱҲã
һҲΪ˽Ī̵ģֻû뵽Ȼ˸ҴԼŵ⣡
ԭִµѾǾˡ
ֻڳ֮ǰҲҪЩ˵ʲô·
磬ߣסǣ
ԱߣһŮȻɫЩ԰ףȴ쳣ļᶨ
ŮĻݣã
꣬ѧԺö´Ժоɽ
ɽԼʵǿᣬұۺʱ˸ոս붫´ԺỊ̄
ǸʱĪȻʵһ㣬òѾ˺ܶˣ
ɽĪ̵ʱҲǾΪˣҪͨӵֶεõỊֲ̄ƻˣ
ȥôʱ䣬Լˣû뵽СӹǧʱȻ飡
СݣȻض´Ժȥţ˵ѧԺͼƻҶ۳ҪҶ´Ժ׾ѣ
ɫһ
㻹氡Ϊǻܵ𣿼ȻپҪǱǲ޵
ɽ¶һ˿Ŀ˿ȴֶ˼ˣ
İļӦʮλ֮ڣ
ƣпһ£
ɽֻҪһӳȥʱԺ˸֮ʱŭһеķɽѾǽУ
ƻҵĺ£֪ϲỊ̄ôأ˵λĪŮƺĳ˲ǰƨɵģΪ׽
ɽһЦֻ֮ѾһĨɱ
ĻһɣɽߣҿǲǹúӶأĪʦҶ´ԺˣֲԺ죡
ߣڱѾ»ԼȻܸĪʲôϸˡǷģһõĪ̵ľԲǶ´Ժˣ
ɽ֮һݣ֪˵仰ʱ򣬽Ѿעˣ
ֻ׷׻Ĳôķŭ
ŮӺϣ
Ȿ飬һѾͻĵˣ
㡭㾹ȻĪʦã
һŭ𣬿óĪ̻쳣ģȻĪƺһһεľܾ
ɻʾڣ´Ժһ겻һˣ
ݣ
ɽ䣬ĽѾֱ
ɻʾڣ
ɴ۾ܵĵԼõĸǰ
֮ǧ
¡
һ޴ĺǰĽھԶĵطѿ
ۣ
ĿпһѪǰɽƺһ֮ϣ
㡭㾹ȻͻƵɻʾڣѾǴﵽ۷壿
һȻĿɽôҲû뵽ɽȻͻˣ
ѾһΣоһľ
ǧ֮ǰɻʾڣǧ֮ոմﵽ壬ͬǸԼɽѾɻʾ۷ʵˣ
磬㡭û°ɣ
ĻݿʵԼҪǿĸһ֮±ˣҲһľ
ߣڼΪ´ԺţҲһΪǸأ˼Ị̄һɽǰΪŪ㣬Ҫǰ˰
ɽޣƺУ񲢲żҪأ
Ҹƴˣ
ŭһ
ǰ汾ֻǶɵѣĪҵܹģҲҪˣٸ㣬Ī̵˿Ǻү
ɽ˵һ֣

ȥƺЩŮԻĵȷȷһ˵֣
ô
ʲôһ㣬֮Ҳǳ˾ĸо
ߣٿϵŮˣûһܹѵƿءǼİŮ˱ٵֵˣȥɡ
ɽƺоһĳ죬ǧĳһ̷·һжһˣ
þûزƺǸָŵˣ
ǰĽԴûһ˿ķ
硭
Ļݷ׼ǰȥֵʱƺѾˣ
һݸĻݵϣ
¡
ֻǾɽΪԼҪóѵʱȴһεĽѾ߽Ľ
һĨ־֮ɫ˲両ϡ




2381
 

֮У
ĻݵɫһƬɷףԼĸѲɾǰ
һ뵽ߣƺ֧Ųסˣ
û뵽˾Ȼ˵˵ֱӶˡ
һʼΪӦòܸ⶯֣˵ԽԽ࣬еҲԽԽŨأ
ɽһֱӻƳգֱȡԼԴʱ
ĻݵѾǾͫ͵һƺһԼĸҪѪ岽ˣ
۾
ĻݲҿԼ类ɱһĻö˵ʵ̫һЩ
ֻǵĻһײ֮Ҳ̲סɿԭԼ۾˫֣
һ룬ȴڵ
Լĸ绹ǺúõվǱߣȻĿЩ룬ȷԼĸ绹ţ
һеô£
Ļҿȴδκε쳣Ѳɽ󷢴ȱˣ
˭
ɽɫһƬ֮ɫԭΪ϶ԼĽ£
ֻĽȴһεĽĨȥоһĲ
Զ
״źɫĶѾǳ˵ĸǰ
ԭ׵Ҫ¶ģʱѾһƣ
Ҷ۳ʵЩ޿ˡ
׵ԵɳƶͳʶҲ
ߣⲻҸ˶ԹǲǹܵҲ̫ˣ
ɽƺдʣҲǸûκε˲
ֻ˸ȥƺѾЩˣ
ʲôˣ
˵ⷬо֮ǰûһ㣡
ɽȻĿ׵ȻǶ۳ˣӦ˵۳ѧԺ֮һѧԺɣǿѧԺˣ
ôһССѧԺҲвҶ۳ˣ˭ĵӣ
ž
ֱһӾͳȥôҲûκεĹϵ
㡭Ҵң֪˭𣿡
ɽŵĿǰ֮ˣԭΪ۳˸Ҹǆ£
û뵽һһֱԼһ⣬ǱȿһҪܰ
ɽǿߣΪעصʲôǱӣ
ɽ˵ڴһĶ⣬ⲻýֱӺݺݵĲ
ʲôñܲ˵أ
ɽҲ֪ǰ֮˵ʵƺҪԼҪǿ٣ǶԼҲһĶ֣
οѹҲ֪һﵽ˭
׿Цǵ۳ة֮ӣһССѧԺӵܣնɱҶ۳´ԺѧӣǸ˵˵Ĳ㵱ΪǶ۳˲ɣ
㡭ǴةĴӴϪ
ɽŴϪ͸һӵȻ֮ɫ
ôʶӣ
Ҫװ˱֮ǰڴܻʳвԼǸʲô۳ƨة֮ӣ
ǸʱĴϪɻʾڣʱʵ
Ǹʱױ֪޼Ӧø۳в
һȻΪƻ޼Һ۳֮Ĺϵˣ
ʶʶȻʶ޹Ӻҳ̫ӻʱҵʱҲˡ
ɽף͸һӵֺ֮ɫ
Ŷƺûʲôӡ󰡣
΢΢һ̾һﻹΪԼǴϪǸһĻϢˣ
޹Ӳʶˣҿ۳˴֮һҶɽʱҴ̫Ӹģ˰ɣ
ɽŴϪҲ¶һ˿Цݣ
һµȷЩçײˣΪնɱһһԼˣ
һͻȻֵǿǴϪʱҲװӣ
һԵʱƺҲŽطӦ˹Ҳ֪ոԼһ
ԭŴةĴӼٵʱ׼˵Щʲôġ
һɽʹϪӾȻʶ޹ӻ˽۳̫ӣ
һʱ䣬Ļݵɫ䣡
֪Ǵ޼ı۳вĹĻעҪطˣ
ոձ˾£ϢĻʱһּĸо
ߣΣймҹ棡ȻѧԺ˶֣ǱǵͬҶ۳սҶ۳۳ˣ
ŭһѾǶһɽ
࣡
ɽһ׼֣ӵɵĹԲϪɱңǴ޼۳ҲԲܴ
룡
׵һӣһȭǿȭӰѾֱӺĵ֮
һ˲䣬ɽйƤһ㣬׵Ǳߣ
ﱻ٣
ֱӶһİ
ɽ˫ֲѾǱ˸һԣǰ˿ȥҲһľս
׵˵˵ҲеɱȷЩø۳ֻ⡢ģɡ




2382´󵨵ġ޹ӡ
 

ɽˣ
ȻǴһĲʣȴûκεİ취
ȶֵģ˼ҵĵ϶֣˸Ҳ޻˵
ɽôҲû뵽ȻǴϪ֣
ʵϴ޼۳֮以۳ʲô£
Ķ۳ƮҡһξŹ溷۳̫³۬Ļ£ҲǴ޼Ҽϵģ
ȻǴ޼ҵ˼ǱͶ۳
Ҳɽû뵽һԭôϪֻǰӳֶѣ
û뵽ȻԼˣûпȬ֣
ﱻƣ
ǳ׵Ķɽ֮·
ɽ˲ֻȥıӰĻݵоþδƽ
Ϊ۳Ҳ֪޼Ҹ۳֮ʲôϵ˻Ķ۳
ڿϪɽʱĻѾǿ⵽ô˼ˣ
ŴϪתͷǣĻҲǹл޹Ӿ֮
ؿ
װڰֵļƻѾǳɹһˣ
ǰĻݣҲЩҪǣһεĳֲΪɶ۳֮ļ϶
ЩŭݵǴ޹ӳ֣ѧԺ˾Ҫ۸Ƕ´ԺѧԱͷˣ
ǰҪǴ޹ӵĻҸ⵽ǵĶˣԺǴ޹ӵˣ
ĻݿͻȻ֣ˮ֮еˣҲǹ
׿ˣ׻Ͳض˵ˣҪǼ⣬ϣܹʵش𣡡
ӵκ⣬ֻҪö֪ģһʵ棡
ҲЩ֣޹ӿǴة֮ӣʲô֪Լ֪
Ȼ˼Ҵ޹ѾˣҲܲ˼Ҵ޹ӵӰɣ
˼ҼȻҪʣǱ˼ʺˣ
ҶǶ۳ˣҲûʲôܰɣ
׵ͷղҾߵʱ˵һỊ̄Ǻˣ
޹֪Ị̄
Щ㵵ĿףȻӦð
Ī۳´Ժ֮һ붫´Ժǧʱ䣬Ѿֵɻʾڵʵ
½ҲһһĳŰ
οڵĪ´ԺĽҲǶ۳һص
Ϫ޹ӾȻ֪
⣬ʵǲⰡ
ȻøϪûйǵҲǾЩ˼
ڼȻ˼Ҵ޹ˣҲֻüĪҶ´ԺĳţҲҶ´ԺĴŮ֮ף
ûأ
׵ĻƲѣĪϪ޹ӿĪˣ
ʵϲĪ̵ģҲ֪ԼĻǳã
οĪ̱׹ȴ˼Ҹˣ
֪ԼѾûκεĻˣΪʱĪܾ̾Լʱ˵ԼѾİˣ
ֻôȥˣĪƺֻһǣ޹ң
Ҫνİ֮˵ںηˣΪⲻĪ̵һдʶѣ
ҡҡͷҾͲˣĪʦ˵Ѿİ֮ˣһֱûмѣ
׷˶಻ࣿ׿Цʵ
ʼ޹ӣȻҶ´ԺһŮ׷֮ȻǶţëˣѲɴ޹Ӳ֪۳ƺҲҪĪʦ빬𣿡
˭Ҫ빬üͷһʵ
޹ӣĪҪҿЦˣӦҲʲô˰ɣȻǵʥ˰
λ޹ƺϷˣԼȻûʽϢϢѾǷ贫ܾˣ
۳۾䣿
׵Щ䣬û뵽ϼһﾹȻԼŮˣ
ﶼǻϹˣ
޹ӣĵ̫ˣ⡭ֱʥϵ䣡
ףҲǱȾٶһ
˵У۾Ǳ죬û˱컹Ҫ˰
ߣֻǲһʵѣϼһʵЩ֪ܰ
ĻݿףҲЩɻʵ²Ǵ޹Ӱɣ
ôǲǺҪ𣿡
Ҫöֻ֪ǵľˣǾԲܳǵľ˵ģ
Ļݱ֮Ҫܶ࣬ѾײǴϪ
ȻϪδйǴϪǼģ
ǴϪĻǾԲ˵˵ȴ治Ļģ
㵵Ŀ׵㡭㲻Ǵ޹ӣǡǣ
ҵԺǻ֪ģҪľǻشҵ⣡׳ǸǺˣ




2383º
 

֮У
ĻȻ֪ǰ֮˲ǴةĹӴϪ
ǲ֪˵˭һǿȷǣ˾ǣ
˵˭ôҪ
лЩҪĻݵвûôҪ
ɽ׷ı棬˼ҼȻԼľˣǱ㲻̫Ĺǣ
ֻҪ漰һЩĵ飬֪ǾǸкηأ
Ѳɸû˵ЩƵʵ
˵˻Ҫ𣿡û˵
һԵĻݵɣ֪ǲǶĪĪʦȤ
ǰɣ
ҲҴţһһҪǽĪߣ
ֻڽĪ֮ǰҲ˽һĪǸʲôɣ
Ӹղŵѯ֮УĳĪΪ츳ߣӦѾǱܶˣ
ϣƺǿĪ̵ò
ʵ֪òɽķԲǱ츳Ҫ
Ī̵츳ˣССѾǴﵽɻʾڵʵΪɵۼǿӦǰ϶ˣ
ʱĪͻƵɵڣɵۺڵĻǶκһǴͷҪȥĶ
ôһȵɵɵۺڵǿߣǲǲɵأ
ԭˣȰǲҪĪʦˣ
Ļݿף֮ҲĨһ˿ĵǵ
һԵҲǵͷö˵ľˣȻҲڲƭɵġʵ˵ҲϲĪʦãֻϲʸûУ
ϲһŮҲҪУĻǲģ׵˵
ɣղʵѾ˵ˣʥϿĪĪʦã˵ʥ϶ϵˣ˭ɻ˲а
̾һһĪʵѾøˣ
ĻҲǵͷаˣʥҲҪɵְ
Ǹ
׳ʵһͷǲСİ
ܹö۳ĵ۾Ҫɵֵˣһﵽʲôͷأ
׵ʲôģһЩһͷˮĸо
һ츳ֲ˷ˣ
Ļ˵ֵʱҲЩȻĿ
һͷǲС˵ϲ˸Ҿ׵˵
ɣĲǸЦϤ˵һѧԺӦþͻ֪ˣ
ĻݿףоǰЩˣ
׿Ļö˵ǣ˵
ѧԺ
׳һᵽѧԺ֣һ￴ȥһֶĤݵĸо
ѧԺʲô
Ҳû˵Դ˿һһ͵ӣЩˣ
ۣ
ûһڿˮ׵ϣ׾㵵ʵҡ˵ɣȻû˵ѧԺ
ɣѧԺû˵ʥɽ˵İɣ
ĻݿףоһǴ½ոշһ㣬ʲô
ʥɽҵ˵ѧԺʥɽѧԺ
ƺ׹ˣҲ֪ΪʲôһΪʲôôĺˣ
ȷ
ɽ絫ǸʥɽйصģǶǷǳţĴڣ
ɣѧԺʥɽٰѧԺ½ģܹѧԺѧһǳеţÿǧÿ۳ŻһѧԺԵ֪
Ϊ۳´Ժѧ֪ЩҲ飡
һЩСĻʳʳ֮µʥͺ֪Щˣ
һһ
ɽĵȼ쳣ɭϵģϾճ˵ЩҪ۳Ķ´ԺǼܵģ͸Ҫ۳֮ϵѧԺˣ
츳ǿΣɽȱţЩҲûĵǳΪǿ߰ɣ׳
˵ɰ治ǲ֧׷Īʦ㣬Ѷ̫˵ر׵ˣ֮ǰһЩΪԼţ棬ǵĪʦչ׷ʱǱĪ˻ʧˣ
Ļƺ˵һµĴһ㣬ȴַ·
⺫һѧԱѣö۳ĵ۾ȻẦһ
ҲЩˣǿѧԺôˣ
õ۳֮ȻẦһѧ
΢΢ҡͷѧԺѧͷѾǹˣҾ˵⺫ʥɽĳλĵϵ˵硣
ǰɣǵʥϣʥɽļ壬ǿɶҵܹİĺδ޷ݣαصһ֦أĻҲǿĵȰο
˾ϲսޣԽǲܣҲԽϲԴЦ˵
ôӣĻҲΣһֲײǽͷˣ
ȻҪȥײǵʱǿɾûʲôϵˣ
ǸȰҲѾȰˣҲܹܵ鲻ǣ
Ȼ˵ĻǡֻףɳɹˣЩķǵ˵
׿Цŵлˣ֪֪֪Ƽң




2384Ƽ
 

Ƽң
Ļݻ࿴һۣ˵֮жǴһĨ֮ɫ
һĨ֮ɫ׿УҲЩü
׳λƺӦ֪ˣ
ȷ֪
δڣһԵĻƺ쵽׵ɱ
ҲǳΪ֪ڲܹŭλ֪֮ˣ
һҪʲôֻܹˣ
׿ĻݵƼ峤Ҳѣһ۳ҲҪһ
㡭ѣ
ĻһߣҲʶĿʵ
һԵһ˼ѾǺˣǰǵѶûиأ˼һ仰ͰԼøˮˣ
ԼѾѿڶɫҲЩѿ
ĻƺԼЩ̫ˣҲεЦЦ
׿ĻݺӣЦŵλӦʶˣƺѣ
ɣȷǵѣȻ˵ˣҲûʲôóϵġƼѾЩįǵзѵĻˡǲܸƼҵˡ
ף֮ҲһĨᶨ֮ɫ
ŶҷҪأЦһ
ΪΪѵҲǾԲĳġȻڶ۳˴ֻ֮ĩҲǿȨ֮¡
ĻҲǵͷƼжǾ޿ܳƼȡǵİΣģ
ö˻ͬͬ˵ҵǿԷŹǣǲ˵ĻǿɲҪҲˣ
˲ҲǾ㵲ѣ
ǳö˵Ҳɸģʱߣ
ߣҸǰ壬ǻΪҲɱǣ
һ˲䣡
һĨֲѹѾǳö˵ѹ˹
ܿ죬ɱ
ף
ĻݶûôӦѾǳˣ
ֻĻԥһȴѾǽԼ˫۳׵ķ˵ֿ
ֻ⽣䣬ǳ׵ĸˣ
ݣ
¾ҪִԴ֮ϵʱȴ˲ʧˣ
ͷ·ûгֹһ㣡
֮䣡
Ļݵ٣ǵһε˫۵ʱȴ֣ƺΧһжûκεİ취
ɣ㡭Ǻ⣿ҪǴɲأ
Ļݼͬʱ˵ɫȻЩѿƺҲӸղŵһĻ˹
ЩʱǱҪġϲǣͨҵĿ飡׵˵
ɣǵľˣҲûбҪƭ㣡ȻͨɵĿ飬ȴûͨǵĿ飬ǾԲ˵Ƽҵġ
Ļݿ׳Ҳһı飡
׿ãҲ̾һƼҵ飬ǲ˵˾Ͳ֪𣿡
⡭˵ȷҲв֪ģĻҲεʼ
Ȼô˵ˣĺѵĻǸҲ޷
ԭļһƺ׵ûˣ
ȷ
˵ǲ˵˾Ͳ˵
Ƽҵ۳Ҳʲô̫ܣοҲĳһ˵ĳ־ܹ侮ʯģ
Ļݵͷ磬Ҿ˵Ҳǣʵ˵˵ʲôأⲢʲô֮²𣿡
ðɣƼѾ˴ˣΪ۳֮ĻڼʮǰƼҾͲˣ
ҲǳȻ֪˲࣬Ҳû֪
ΪʲôΪ׳ʵ
ң
ѾˣҲûдҴţ
ʲô壿һεʵĻݵԭǶ۳һ壬ʵǿᣬ˭֪һֱةߵĺܽƼһֱԾŹ¼۳дһʵҲѲ²ˣ
ףһ˻ǲ֪
ĻǶ۳˴֮һҵϵ֪ȻǱȱҪһЩˣ
ںδ׳ʵ
Ƽ˶ѺƼܲһֱиֿҪǲˣ
ǣЩ鲻ô֪ûпأʹ˱
׳ǵķֱȥû뵽ʢһʱƼҾȻ˵Ĵѣ
һЩ֪Ļͻ취Ӫˣ
ŵϢҲһֻȴŭݣ




2385·ү
 

ɡ
ȥıӰĻݶҲڵ
һﲻҪȥƼ˰ɣ
˵Ļ뻢ڰ
磬ҪȥɣĻҲһ
˵Ļ϶ˣΪ֪Ѹеİ
İǵľ˰˵ʲôҲôȥɣ
ĻݿҲƵ˵
ʱ򻹿ģԼ绹һ黳߰
Ļ̾һӣֹܹǻȸȥʲô˵ɡ
ϣҪôĳ嶯ôǵĴڣ
ĻҲһĽ֮ɫԶȥıӰҲǿٵĸȥ
ڶԳĽӴԾɽ֮Ѿˣ
ֵ۳֮ʣνǷƮҡ
ʱµĻǼֱ
ǣƼң
ƼſڵҶѾѳ룡
ΪʥһֱûöҪƼΣƼڻҵĿ֮У
ʵϳƼ峤ӰƼҵ峤֮⣬νĸ峤ͳʲôģѾǹˣ
ֻΪӰݼΪ⣬ԲŻڣ
ƼҵĹ㳡֮ӵɵһһŮУ
㳡·һλǱƷ㣬λߵԱ߻мλŮΧߣò
үүʲô˼ֱɱʹأ
ϵߣվһµӣ֮дһ˿˿ѱ
Ϊүү밡ֻϧڻʱ򣡡
ϿԼǸҲ̾һ
Т
۳Ҿʹ֮һҳ峤λ峤֮⣬ҪǵȨˣ
Ҫ֪Ƕ۳ĵһ壬ǵʵȻǲûˣ
ɵۼĸֶֻ֣
ʵ۳м壬ҲǾ޽еģ
ƼȻΪ۳İ˴֮һǵļҲֻмλɵۼǿ߶ѣ
ȣҵ֮һ磡
ТԱۣүפƼҸƼҵΪҪ
Ҳһвˣ
ҪˣҲֻеʥֹܹһˣ
үүһֱߺ˼ʮˣܲǰɣ
ۿԼүүТʵЩ⣡
Ȼ۲ÿһǷɧ
ТԼӳƼұҵõĺôȻģοҲ۳һãһõֻǺķһЩʱ䣬ʲôأ
үүҪɱĻʣ
ۿТҲǺٺһЦ֮һ˿а֮ɫ
ТԴǵ˵֣ô˵Ƽ峤ôˣʱ򴫳ȥĻҵӺڣ
үүЩ嶼æŶԳ͹׵飬ܵ߰ҪȻүүȥһȦҲû˿ü
۶Լүүధ󣬿ԼôĺＱТҲһɫ֮ˣǶԼˣ
үүҵЩˣ㼸λŮ˯һᣬͽ㿴ذɣ
ТһЦʵҲǾν
ԼƷλƼҵ峤أ
ʥѾɿڣһεʢĻ֮ƼҾҪ׵군ˣ
һʱԼܵҲһ£
ʱӰЩѵĿ·ТۣǵĿܹ˵Ļ군ˣ
Т㡭ǸҶһëұҲŹģ
Ӱ棬Ƽ峤
һ̻ǱŷǿҵıԼŮЩ飬޲ɱǰ֮ˣ
ûа취ȻԼŮһֱ˵һ˻ǵġ
Ӱã޻̸֮
Ҷϵˣ˸ðǰ
ԼŮеǸʲôˣһߣ˶ѣ
ѲܹԿ۳һң
Ӱ涼һܵ飡
Ӱ棬㶼ͷˣвүүҾҪ棬㿴ôŮģ
۴˿һ飬νʹ
ôأ
޵ģı۾ˣûܹȵһңˡ
ڿЩˡ




2386ǿƳ
 

ৣ
һӰ˵ĸǰǵɫӰ֮ԵΪͻأ
һɺâӰĸǰ
Χ¶ƺ½˼֣һƼң
ԭΪƼҵķ϶һһ֣ǵƼҵܲʱŷ֣ô£
ƼңſǼ֮֮⣬ûˣ
Ƽҹ㳡ʱԵΪɣ˵ͥŲһ㣡
ֻ㳡֮ϣȴŭһĻ
һɭϵɱⱾܵĴ׵ıȻնɱ˲ٵǿߣҪģʵ࣡
ˡ
ԭŵ˫һε׵ʱ˶
еǸʲôˣ
Ӱ濴ǰ֮ˣϸֳһ˿Ķݣ
û뵽˾֮ʣʲô˾Ȼĳˣ
˵ģ˼ܹѾò˼ˡ

ϸֳһĨ֮ɫԼѾˣû뵽ʱھ֮оȻųһ˿ϣ
οֻҪԼˣе鶼ˣ
׵һΣҲ׵һ
ˣǵɽ磬֪Ƽұ˵Ĵ׻ʳҪǿܶ࣬ȻԼܣ
ʵҲܹǣǱץô꣬Ѿ֪淢ʲô飡
׻ʳ죬׸ǳΪɽ߳Ƶ̳
ƼȴȻ֪Ӱ滹һ˿˵˵һΪʳ۾ļһôǻᶫ۳һ֮˵Ķأ
״ˣܣһλоأ˵
оˣԸɡ
ӰȻ󣬿ҡҡͷ
ƣ³ǵʥΪĻƼҾԲзĻˣ
ӰôҲû뵽һΪ˶۳ͷȻ˵³
û뵽ȻƼҵûа
ۿԶףҲ¶һ˿֮ɫ
һԵТۿףоһ˿Ĳ
ΪƺЩһʵһƼҶ۳֮ҪκνӽƼ֮˸ɱۣ
ǣôĿ
׿ԶТҲĨһ˿̵Ļȣ
ಣ
һ˲䣬Ѿһնɽǰɵ۳۷ļһ׸һУ
үүô֣±ǡ
ЦһТ˵Ѿǳ˳ȥ
ݣ
һƼҹ㳡˲һɾ˰Ľ
ɻʾڵۻΪǸ۸ǵоһɿֲĽϮ֮ʣҪȥѾûлˣ
ɴ۾
֮еһ̣Ȼ֪ԼǱɱ˵ģ
¡
ǵ۵壬ڿ˲䱬ѿ

Т׳ֵһɲѾǸо˲Ϊʱ
ȵҪ־ȳԼӵʱȴԼѾǲԼĸǰˣ
ɱ˶ҵ֣
״˿ѾƿԼĺɫң¶һݣ
Тף˵ɱԣ֪㵽ʲôˣ
ТǲɱǰոɱԼˣܸоһ˿Ծ
Ǹղһĳ֣ûп
ǿߣ
һТѾ֪ǰ֮˾ǲԼһλǿߣ
һȷδһﵽ˭ΪʲôƼȾΪʲôƼҳͷ
һʱ䣬Тг˽䱸֮ɫ
ˣТ֮ˣȻҪҪܹԼСҪ
ףף
׿Т˵
㡭Ǵ׵۾ף
˵Ӱ
Ӱ֪ɽףТ֪ܲλ׵۾ĺպ
ôЦһûνˣΪһҪ˵ݰˣֻһ
ˣ
һ˲䣬׵ѾһεĽ
գ֮䣬Ƽҹ㳡ΪģΧƺ˲һգ
⣡
Т˿Ѿûκε˼սΨһ뷨Ҫߣ
ΪλպĴ׵۾ǾɱһĴڰڼǰǸոյõϢ˵λ׵۾նɱһλ۳
Т֪Լôôܸ˼۳Ტأ
ֲѹТһӻ
ûκεֿͷѾǻһʧ˵ĸǰ
¡
ǧ֮⣡
׵ĽƺײƵһ㣬ʧТһֳԭΣ
ֻǵӰһεĿТʱѾ°Ͷ쾪ˡ




2387𺳵
 

˲壡
֮УТƲԣһ֮٣
ǾǷǰӰĿһ˼ĳҵķȥ
ûƼҵĴţѾǱһն䣡
ڿֱ߽⣬ƺ׸ûиκεĻᣡ
ǿ˹һ
׵ڳӰӰ棬˿̿׾ǿŹһ㣡
Ҫ֪ӰǶ۳˴֮һƼҵļ
ȻʵҲѾǴﵽɵڵĲΣҲǸո̤ɵڶѣ
ɾ̤ɵأ
ҪնɱТƲһսǲܵģ
ҲΪʲôӰʧȥĵһԭ
⡭ˣ
Ӱ泹׵±ˣ֪ΪʲôһССĻʳ۾Ȼ˵ķ
Ҫ֪ǿǶ۳һ֮˰
һ˲䣬λնɱλϵһλҵϣ
ⲻǽƼһ˿˵ϣ
û뵽ôܹ࣬ѾǺˣټһξ˻ԼˣȻǸӵˣ
ԼĸɵҲ˷ܵ˵Ҿ֪ûң

Ӱ滹Ҫ˵ʱѾ˵ߣ
۵
ɽԭ쳣ӲȻֱ۶ϣ
ӰҲһǿɽΪ̵Ĳ֮һ
ˣˡ
֮ѳʱҲۿһֱ׵ϣ
ʮίһƺڵˮ
ӵҲ¶һ˿ģԲˣ
ûû֪һģ
ϴһ˿ο֮ɫһҲ֪Ӧ˵Щʲôˣ˿׵ĻиоǳаȫУ
ǵɽ磬ԼλʼܹԼİȫУ
Ӱһ£ԼŮǰһ˵飬ҲЩζ
˵˼ҾӦøл˼һ²ǣ
峤
ɿЩĿŵԼĸף
ʥϣ֮£л
ӰЩƣʵϣǼνĴʥϵϣ
Ǽ˶۳ôȥˣʥһֱûϣ
ҲӰĲһ˿˿Ĳ
ƼΪ۳ôãû뵽Ȼأ
ⲻò˵һַ̣
׿Ӱ΢΢һЦ峤˳㣬ҵĿֻѣ峤ô
ʥϹȻֱڿ֮ˣ
ӰҲЩεĿףһȻ˵ԼǸ˳㣡
׺ԼĸƺЩԸҲǸϽˣ⡭ҸףҲƼ峤Ӱ棡
׶Ӱ沢ðԭһһֱƲԼ
ڸղţڸ˵Щ
ľȻҪں䣬׾ٺõƢҲЩﲻסˣ
Ӱ治֪ԼĶԻѾǱ׸͵ˣֻΪǰһʢʵǿԱȽԸѣ
׵ͷﲻ˵ĵطǻǻط˵ɣ
ʧǵķ򣬶ʱڵҲѾǳ׵ķ
Ƽ峤Ӱ峤˾ߣĳϣɵۼǿТӲƼң
ҵδ棿
ԣ׵뿪֮ʱѾǷѰŹӰ游Ůټ
ĻԭǸƼң
ҲҪһﵽʲôˣƾʲôȥƼ峤أ
ǵߵʱÿնɱТһĻ
һʱ䣬ҲĿɿڴ
磬ҡ۾ûлɣ⡭⡭ôô
ĻԭΪҲǸɻʾкڵʵ
һֱǿɱТʱǲŷԼˣ
Т
ҵϣǿɵ۳ڵʵ
ҲʿˮҡҲûп⵽ô°ɵʵĺǿɵ۳ھȻû߹һغϣ
㱻Ǻ°ǸϽȥɣ
Ļݿ˳һȥҲǽϵĸȥ
ѾȷǰλӦþˣ
ȻѣҲûôĹˡ
ֻжףλɾӰɽԵĿ¾۳һҵķ׷ɱˣ




2388ӰĲм
 

һɽ֮ϣ
Ӱ˿̺ʵĿҲһĿĸо
ɣ
ܶʱƺ׵õĶӵ֮ȴǱһζ
ˣôͻȻ˶۳أ
ЩƣƵ׵ʵ
Ҳû뵽׵ʵȻѾǿᵽ˵ĵز֮ǰԼ˵ʱǸʱɻʾкڵǿҲԵΪĳ
һο׵ʱȴѾɵ繷һĴˣ
۳Ҫˣҿɲ뿴ľ棡׶Ҳû̫
ǣʥϻܲİ۳ɲһʳֹܹģ
ӰʵЩһӣҪ֪ö۳˴֮һ
Լû֮ǰҲǱܱ˾ﰡ
׿ӰЦŵ峤Բӣô֪أ
㵱Ҫƻ۳֪֮᳹׵ļŭҶ۳۳ˣʱ㶼֪ԼôģҷȰһ䣬ǸϽ߰ɣ
Ӱ濴׳
׵˵ƼЩǣϢܱ˰ҴѾ۳ˣ
ʥĪڸҿЦ۳ѣڶ𣿡
ӰûһЦһﻹǻԼ𰡣
۳ѣʸ
۳ѵĻܻڣ
˵ģ˵ԼڵĶ۳Ҫ۳ѣҲû
͸˵ʲô׻ʳˣ
׻ʳ֪ܲ𣿾ʹԼŮУ֪׻ʳôˣ
ȡԭĴʳ֮󣬲½һʳѣ
۳ѣ
˵ıȳĶֻӰоһĺЦ
һԵǵǵĿ׵ˣ۳ʵǿޱȣĴ۳֮ףôǾѰ
λʵ⵹û뵽顣һʵǿҪԿ۳Ҳǲܣ˵۳ˣҶ۳ҲܶԿˡ
Ӱ濴Ҳ΢΢һ̾
Լĸ׵״ˣֻҪҪɵһܹɳɡο˾ǣܲܲҪô˵
Ϊ֮ˣɽҲ۳ڲǻúõվأأ
Ӱ濴˵Ҳʵ
ֻԳ֮׿ɲһϺĴڣ
׿Ӱ棬һЦֻ˵峤Щ걻һ֪ˡˣЩȲ̸ɣôˣ
̽㣿֮ǰһֱڱչڵôˣҲ֪
΢΢ҡͷһԵӰƵĿףһﻹǻװβǰ
ӰҲû˵ʲôŮǰҪҲ飡
൱ʱ򣬲Ҳ
Լ֪Щ귢飬һ˵Ļʳʮʱܸɳʲô춯صĴ²ɣ
һҹԭֱȥƼҴ̽һ̵䣡ոڳżȻˣ֪Ƽҳ飬Ծ͹ˣ
׿Ҳ΢΢һЦһﻹèںأ
ӰڱѺӰΪϳ˴룡
һʱܲԶĻҲ飡
Щʵˣ˭
Ҳ˰ɣɣ
ײδתѾԭԶҪʲôõһûţ
ĻݴԶ˳ǵһߺ֮ɫ
ССݣǣ
ĻݣҲЩĿˣ
㣬û°ɣ
ĻݿҲǳ˹֮ɫ
Цŵûˣİɣô⣿
ʼ֮ǰ˵Ҫȥ峤㣬ǵɵİΣԸȥ
İɣǼأЦ绨˵
ɣ̫ˡĻҲǶƨ
ʵҲ㲻ƨǷԷθһָп
Щʵ㡭ǲǼ֮˰ɣ⡭Ҳ̫ɺ˵ɣ
͡ôɣԭһֱ˵λ˰ĻݿףҲðһСǣ
ȻĶһЩ飬˼Ҳһ̳
ɽ磬ʵҲ̾Ϊֹ
ɽ֮˶֪ܹһ·ɱ֮ˣɽҲԲܲʲôطȥģ
ɽⷽ˲Ĳһ㣡
ӵеĻҲԼΪһ㽾ѣ
׿ҷֱ꣬һҴ㽫ߣ
ˣѶȺܴ󰡣һѯʵʱҾûиϸ˵
Ϊײ֪ʵ״õĿѾ֪˺ܶ࣡
Ŀ΢УԶɵ߱ɣɱ񣡣




2389ӰĲм£
 

⣡
׵ϴ޾ɱ⣬˴Լŵ⣬Ӳ
˰ޱߵĻҲһĶݣ
˹ȻǴûʧ
ֻ֪Ȼô˵ˣɰڸǰѶ൱Ĵ
һԵ㶵ĿףΪղ׾Ȼ˵ԼĪ̵ˣ
ⲻǳô
Ī̽ɽô꣬ʲô˰
ôţ˵Ļֺڷ˽εεĴŮڶ´ԺԼȴŲأ
һֱϲĪ̵ģʵҲ֪ģ
δֹΪ̶һһĻٶ׷Ҳܣ
̱жĵĻֹһѲɻֹܹڶ
㣬⡭ʦʲôϵ
۾ɵĺܴ
Цŵ̸ͬһλ棬ͬţȻˣҲ˵Ůˣ
Ů𣿡ĻݿҲǲ˼ʵ
ֲһһֱڴ̽Ī̸䣬ԭ滹һϵ
Ļܶͷǳ׽ˣ
Ī̸ո̤ɽ磬ôأ
Ҫ֪Īڶ´Ժһǧ꣬㲻ˣ
֮⣬κƺûйϵ
ЩΪȥĪȴŴ£һϣ
ԭȻԼˣ
һʱ䣬һһĸо
׿ĻҲЦŵôҵŮ˲𣿡
ûûûҡֻǾЩ˼ˣĻҲʼ
ȷЩ˼飡
һԵӰüỊ̄ǲǸ´ԺŹʣ
ףǣ
ӰҲǵͷΪ۳ΪţҲΪҫ۵һ飬Ī̵ҲǺպ
ֻǿȴҶκε뷨
ӰһεĿ׵Īһ˵˵츳ѣֻɽɲһԳưԣɽ¡
峤Ӧô죿׷ʵ
ӰΪ϶ս
Ȼˣ峤ֺαȰοأοһԭҲûдͺĻȥ
׿ӰԵЩͳ
Ӱ̾һĪǱߵ˵Ů˵ĻʱʵԴĪԶ߸߷ɡ⡣ֻҪƻ۳ĻҪȰһ䣬ɶ˻û壡
࣡
ĻݿףǸоԼͷƤһķ飡
֮ǰ˵ҪĪ̵ʱѾǾһĲ˼ˡ
û뵽Ӱ峤ĿоȻһʯƾϢ
ƻѽ
ĻʵЩ̲סĸ̾һ䣬ƺѾǵ߸ǵ֪ˡ
ǰ˵˭Ϊʲô˵˵Ļ
峤ĺˣ峤֪ڵǶ۳ɹұ׵屻Χ֮ˣ
̾һʵԭô飡
ǵģԼҲûжĹϵ
Ҳ֪۳ҲĽһģ
һβͬˣ
նɱλ۳ԭĬĬһӱ۳ͷĿ꣡
ţһ۳ɹôȻ۳֮ĵһѡ
ҲΪʲôһҪֹһԭ
Ӱ濴ȷ̫˲˼ˣǷɶ˻
㣿ֵ۳Χˣ
Ӱһα׸̼ˣоһǴţܴ֣
Ҫ֪۳ͻʳ֮ĲѾܹһЩݴˡ
׻ʳһССĻʳѣֵ۳ͬʱ
ҲӰ濴ףһССĻʳ¶۳ɳĳ嶼ܹˣ
Щһ仰仰Ҳ˵΢΢ҡͷ
Ǻ鷳οҲӰĸǰ԰Щ飡
׳ˣ۳ˣǶ۳˰
۳ɣ
׵˵۳Ѿǵﲻˣǲݵˣ
ӰƵ˵˵ʥϣ۳ʲôӦúɣİɣǾԲʦڵΪһʳ󶯸ɸģΪǺص飬ڱ˵вֵһأ
ơ峤ղųƺΪʲô
ӰԴĿ׵ʱһԵĻѾĿɿڴĿˣ




2390³Ȧ峤
 

ĳɽ֮ϣ
Ӱ濴ף۵ģ
һһͷ࣬ΪԼ½ţˣ
һ˵ʵǿΣ
һҪս۳ֱе
ԣ֮䳰ȷһֱûжϹ
ο˵ȻƽӰĶŸоôĴ̶
۳ΪУ˼Ұ㵱̲
Ӱ˵׵֮Ļݺ˵ɫѾǱֱ䣡
ӰѺô꣬ûܹӽǣ
ȻҲ֪ЩɽĸѾһЩ仯
Դ׻ʳ۾Ϊ׵ƺΪɽһ
Ҹ۳һʹɱ֣
񣬵ǰ֮˾Ȼλ֮еĴ׵۾ʱһҲǳ׵±ˣ
ʲôƺ
ӰһûзӦĹ֪Ļݵʵʲô
ĻݿӰ漤ʵ峤ղ˵Ǵʥϣ
ʥôˣһʳĵ۾ѣǿڶ۳İ˴壬һʳĵ۾Ǻ˵ĴС֣
Ӱ濴Ǽ飬ҲҰҰ
Ȼ˾㵵ҲЩ
ȻƼûˣǺôҲǼ˰ɣ
οƼûˣûûɣ
һʳĵ۾ѣֲǵ۳ĵ۾˵ľʧ룿
ɣǴ׵۾װɣ
ĻѾǲڴӰ棬ҲǼҲ˫Ѿ˵Ļݴ˿Ƕôļˣ
˽ʲô֪Ļݵ˵Ҳεķ˷۵
ǡǸʥûûиݣû뵽ҡǾȻʥϸˣǲ˼鰡
Ҳһ˷ܵĿף˿һ׷忴Լϲһ㣡
ʵɽ磬貵һ㣬Եڶɽ֮
ܶ˶׷Ϊ棡
ǰ㣬û뵽Ȼʥʶһһطģ
ĻҲǿһĽ˵
˵ô°Ī
һͻľٶŪЩƲѣ
һȷֵýһ飬ʲôϵأ
һԵӰʲôأһʳ۾ô𣿡
ʳ۾峤ǲ֪ʥϿءĻݿӰ澹ȻʥϣҲǷ
ǣҲ֪ôҲ˵ȥƻ۳֮°
ӰƵ˵ҲЩˣ
峤ЩУкܶ鲻֪ʥɽҲǺպ
ĻݿӰƼұҲһ㸲飡
ҲЩȻ򣬴ʥϾǣȴ֪ʥϵ¼
Сݣʲʲôɽպ
ƺҲоһЩͬҲ֪ǿʯƾ֮ˣ
ɳ𾪵飬ƺҲǾģ
峤Ĳ֪ʥϵ鰡Ҫʮǰ˵ˡ
ĻݿӵǱ߽ţЩˣ
һҲЩЦʵܶ鲢ӣ
˵ĵǴ룡
³̫۬һʳͻ½
ֻǺܶ𽥵Ŀʼˣ
ɺڱ۳ǿնɱ۳³鴫½֮һεĻص˵֮У
ͷڲ֮ǰ׵ɽν죡
ȻĻݽ֪飬Ϊ֮ˣ
㡭˵ʲôնɱһλ۳⡭ļٵİ
Ӱ泹׵ڵͭһ۾˿ŶЩо£
ĻʼǶ֪ˣ黹м𣿸οʥϾڴ˴ʲ֪𣿡
㡭ĸնɱ۳ĵ۾ҡôôأ
Ӱ˵֮ҲһڿˮĲԼԼ·ϱ
׿Ӱ΢΢һЦ峤ҲΪʲôƻ۳Ŀģ۳ϣӦܹµóҴ׵³˰ɣ
ɱİ
Ӱһ̳׵ˣ˼ң
Լʲôʸ񿴲˼أ
ͳ˼ǿƵı֣Ĳһܹɵóİ
Ӱоһ󾪿ֵǣһ̶̵ʮĹ򣬾ȻѾܹ˵ĸ߶ȣʵǺŰ
ӰһȦӣһԵƺҲòȥ
ˣ۳һܳڶ۳˰
֮Ҳ˵һ仰
Ϊĵľˣֻ֪׵Ըƺûܹı䡭




2391ƻķ
 

ɽ֮ϣ
׵Ŀ΢䣬ϳֳһĨ֮ɫ
û۳ǲ֪ⶫ۳Ѿǵ̶ֳȣ
֮ǰʵҪڶ۳˵ʵǷǳѵģ
һõĻҲᵽɤˣ
۳Ҳ쳣Ŀֲ
ȻˣԼŮ˶ߵĻ׻Żʲô˼
׿Ը֪ģ
£ƺûײȥеӲͷֻеĵǸ
һԵӰʥȻʵǿᣬⶫ´Ժǵ۳һԺĪƺʥϡ
Σ
׵ȼһȵĻ棬˵۾³춼Ŀ꣬ο۳ĵ۾ōԷأ
ʥϹȻȻô˵ˣӰҲ޻˵
ӰҲƵĿףһʵ̫һЩ
֮ǰ˵׵Щ¼֮ҲֻǾһĵӹ
ֻҪ۳𲢣ƺЩ̫ܣ
Ҫڵﶫ۳ĻǸϼĽ
㣬ȰȰʥϰɣڵĺΣ
ôˣ
ȻҲ֪Ī̵Ĵ֪ĲرĶ࣡
Ϊ˼֮ǰѰ׵ϣ˵Īڶ´Ժ
ʲô飬Ҳܹģ
ֻǺ۳ĵ۾ōԷỊ̄Ҳһ
һֱûиҸףʵµľһ嶯ȥҶ۾ȥˣ
һԵĻݵ㣬Ӧûǵú˰ɣ
ʥɽҵĶӣѧԺĺ

Ȼ֪½ţ
˵ŵɽΪҫ۵һţҲɽΪǿѧԺѧԺٮٮߣ
ˣעǻԻһˣ
ˣҲעܹˣ
ĻͻȻ֮˵˺֣ҲǾ㵲ѣ
֪ΪʲôʱĻͻȻ˵֣
֮ǰǸʥѾ˵ˣʥһֱûйĪΪʵҪһԭӦþǺ
ĻݵĻһƺˡ
𾪵ĿĻݵСݣ㡭˵˼ǡ
֮ǰѧԺɽΧɱҿʥϾǣʱϢҲǴɽĿ˵ģ
Ҳǳ
Ȼ˵ĳǳĴ󣬼ȸ鱨ˣ˵Ҳһ𾪺ʹ㵣
֪ŶôӰˣ
ӰһҲ㶵˵ʥɽѧԺˣ⡭ôѧԺֳϹϵ˰
ԽԽӣӰǼܶ棬ҲЩȦˣ
һССỊ̄Ȼһǣⲻò˵һ漣ˣ
ڿȥҲǴ׻ʳ΢һЩ
ˣڿҪӳ鰡֪һʲôطƻ۳
ҲȰˣΪ̫˽ˣ
׵֮жϵĳԲܲȥģ
ټڻĪ̼УƺѾӵһĵز
Ȼˣ
׿ҲЦŵʵûôĵǣ
ʵǱһеĻڵѾҪ֮ǰ̫̫ˡ
飿⡭ĪǿЦɣ
ףҲĿɿڴ
飿
ⲻǳ۳Ȼ˸飬ֱǲ飡
һ˲뵽˵ʱĳǸʱ˿ҪΪʸ֮ˣ
İɣǹ溷ƿŻԼģ׵˵
ۣ
һԵӰ˿ףǼҪԼĿˮˣ
˼飡
ʵ̫˼ˣ
һﾹȻ˵۳ĹлԼⲻǳʲôأ
˵ĻһŮ޶򣬶۳Բ鿪Цɣ
ⲻǵ˴׻ʳҲ۳
ֳֺõ飬Ӱ˿۳˵ʥǾԲܸɵóģ
˵ʱǾ֪ˣȥһ˶´ԺȰ̵˵ɣ
Ҳ֪Ī̵鲻ƺܸоһЩף
ڵĵ֮ҪĪ̵飬˵ˣʵҪĪ뿪۳
붫ԳĻҲֻмʱ䣬Ҫһ׵İ취
˻ҪȰοףҲûִֹ׵˼
Ӱ֮У뿪һŶ´Ժķ򼲳۶ȥ




2392¶
 

´Ժ
Ϊ۳һѧԺƼ۳ڶţ
һεĶԳأҲڶ´Ժ
֪Ķ´ԺνǸ·žۼڴˣ
ܶ˶Ǳſֵ̬ģЩǻһЩĿģ
ô˵´ԺһǷ֮أ
ֻһ˶´ԺԭŴʶʶ
׾ôǵĻĿЩ̫ˣ
һ˵ԵڣҲ˵ĺ⡣
̬ȣĻҲû̫ǿҲǼҪȥѧԺ㱨֮ǰɽɱǵ飡
Ǹʲôģ
׼һ˽붫´ԺʱȴһĻ崿ŮӸסˣ
̧ͷ˿ǸŮˣҲЩסˣ
Ů׼٣˻Ůǲ
ڶŮ˿Ǽֱɫǰ
ʲôڿŲ۾ڳ
ŮӿףҲŭգƺҲǼ̫ˣ
λŮҵĺòã
׿Ů𱬵ƢҲЩε˵
ʵⶫ´ԺſڲûʲôһЩȥ־Ըһˣ
ΪЩ춫ԳҪˣĺĸҲ쳣ڶ࣡
´ԺΪϤһģĪ´Ժѧˣ
ŮӴŶ´Ժ·֪ӦþǶ´ԺɳӴӵŶԳ볡Щˣ
ߣҿ㲻Ҷ´Ժ˺ĺҪ㰲Űţ㡭
ŮԴҲǻðɵ˵
һεƵŮΪüŮֺαأ㳤ҲһۣǸӵ𣿡
һ͵ĺܣŮףϵıҲǻһЩ
Цŵ֪ŮΪҿ˽붫´ԺƺҲûʲô谭ɣ
￴ʵͽĲģЩΪǵļһﱾﻹأֻǱû뵽ȿȥʵʵļһ澹Ȼ
ŮףƺҪһεףƺ˵˵Ÿо˵ԼһʱҲ֪Ӧ˵Щʲôˣ
ಣ
׵жһŶԳ볡ȻڹӦ˰ɣ
㡭ҲμӶԳģ
׸ǰλŮƺЩԾΪо׵ʵǳһ㣡
Ůӹе볡Ȼ˿ֲãԭǻʳ볡
Ů볡Ҳеȼ
Ҳһƣ볡볡
û뵽۳ѾŪ볡ȻҲŵȳЩ𰡣
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ɣҲǰλŮȷ׵֮ҲԱ
׿Ŷɣԥһּ򣡡
׵ʵ̫ۣҲʱͺҵı¶Լݣ
ûƻ۳֮֮ǰܹ͵һЩȻҪ͵һЩģ
ʱö۳֪֮ԼݵĻǵʱƻɣ»һ׷ɱ
ּ򣿺ˣ㣬Ƕ۳ĸʳģɿ׳ʵ
˵ⶫԳκԲμӵ𣿶ΪΪҾڶ۳أ
ҲЩ죬ԼҲûдԼǶ۳˰ɣ
ߣǿԲμӣѧԺԺ¤ԺԺĵ۳ȵ۳߼ֻʳ͵볡ҲǶ۳ڲѡ
һ⻰˲оνĶԳ볡ʵĺܣ
Լ볡оǰһ㣡
һΪμⶫԳ϶Ҫܵأû뵽Ȼ
Ҳû˵
ɿ׵ӣҲǿһЦҸɣ볡ĺ˵Ļ˼Ҷô㣡
׸׼һεĿڡ
һȻĿ׵ʦ㣡
ʦ㣿ҲһƵĿŶɣŮ˻עرʽ
ôΣ⣿ɿ۾һɵ
̾һðɣȻԸҲ⺰ʦ㣬֪һĪ̵Ĺںδ鷳ȥһ¿ɺã
㡭˵ɶʦãʲôɿףҲסˣ
ֻ׵񣬸оǿһֻҪһ㣡
飬ҲƲѣ




2393»֮
 

´Ժſڴ
ˮʮֵĹ죡
ƺڵȴ׵ĻشҪһΪʲôͻȻҪԼȥʦã
Ị̄ǿǶ´ԺĽҲǶ´Ժص㱣Ķ
ʵ϶ɵʵôɻʾڣ
Ȼڻʳ֮оһһĳţڶ´Ժƺ
Ҹʶ
˵ʵĪֹ̺ʶأ
ʶҼˣʶʦõ˶ȥˣʦҲʶа
ɿףҲЦ
׿ŶɵӣҲε˵ʦ㣬㿴˵ʵֲţ
ʶʦã
ɿһӣҲгɵһʵ
ʶƶ˵
ʶʶɣҪҴȥʦãҲûССӻʵʵĸҵסȥɣ
ɿף͸һӵƤ
ԭΪѾͷԼô⣬϶ԼҪԼȥˣ
û뵽椾ȻˣԼҲƵĲУ
ʵֻҪĻַӾܹ֪Ī̵ʲôط
ֻԼȥԵЩ̫ͻأһŮڸǰԵþȻˡ
׳ʦ㣬ĸĪʶ㲻ŵĻȥ֪𣿡
˵һô°Ҫ׷ʦõ˶ȥˣһȰһ䣬Ҫˣ
ɿҲǳĪѾΪһɵĴڣ
ǴŵʥϺҲĪ֮Ī´ԺһĴڣ
ԭЩ׷Ī̵ˣӰӶ
һεĶԳЩ¾˵׼ˡ
ǰһﲻһʳνѣȻҲҪʶʦã
öɸоһĺЦ
ͷΪ˸ŮˣȻҪˣһҲǹִŵİ
ˣ㲻ȥʱԼȥҺˣ
׿ŶɣҲν˵
ûжɣҪĪƺҲһѵ飡
˵ô°ǲǱʦ˵Ļ㲻Űҿɸ㡭
Ǳ٩٩̸ʱڶɵԱȴŮӣ
Ůӳϡƽĺܣֻһۣ㷢ŮƺͷС
ΪŮŵģһƷһȻǼƷ
ڶ´ԺĵطܹóƷɽѧҲǺܶ࣡
˵ܹóƷˣǸ֮٣
˸ոߵɵĸǰȴͣ
ɣ֮ǰôˣ
ǸޱȣֳּƷɽŮӿŶָʹʵ
ԭ٩٩̸ĶɣڿŮ֮ҲɫһӨտҶĴ֮ÿ𣿡
ߣʲô֮￴صĶûеòġһαҪȥμӶԳˣʱҲҪμӣҴǼտ׵Ļǿ϶ܹٵĿ⡣
գ
׸ǰӨ˾ֵĶ壡
һ˵Ҳ鲻ˬˣΪһˣ鱾Ͳ̫ˬΣ
׵Ķ棬ǶһֵʱҲǴ˼Ѫһ˷ܣ
Ȼ˵ŮӺϣˣƺϲŮҲ
Ө޹أ뿪һҪӴطĿأ
ӴˣҿǽӿͰɣҸ㶫ɣ㲻տҵĻ㸸׵Ĳ¾ûþˣ
Өϴһ˿ŵЦݣ
㡭˵ʲô
ɺһϴһ˿ŵɫ
ߣɵ㸸֮ǻ֮Ѫƽ⣬ٺ٣Ӧ֪ѪɲԵõİɣ
ӨŶɣҲһ˿Ц
㡭ô֪ģɫһ䣬֮涾
ʵܹ֮һҪ˱˵һֳµĥ
֮ⶾķʽ˱ģ
ΪĽⶾʽֻһ֣ǱҪ֮Ѫܹã
ֻѪֶô׵õĻ֮Ͳ֮Ϊ涾ˣ
ҲΪҪȡ֮Ѫĸʼ΢΢ԲĴţ
һҲüͷ
ⶫɵĸô֮أ
Ҫ֪һֱȽ壬֮һ㲻
ҪĹֶξ϶ߵһ涾Ҳ涾֮Ϊ֮
ɻһЩ弯۵صĶ½˵Ǿġ
ӨŶɺٺһЦѪɼѶӦ֪ɣǲܵģҴ޼ҵʵӦҲ֪ɣҸ׿ǵة࣬ҿҸ˵·ܹҵѪ
棿ЩͶҽĿŴӨ
ܹԼ׵Ļôһտʲôأ
ֻһ֪Өڴţ֮е˸˵һУ
׿Ŷɵ˵˵ʦ㣬Ѫҵǿ԰㣡




2394ԩ·խ
 

ˣ
һǿѹ˲׵ĸǰ
ֻѹҪϮ׵ʱһԵĶȴ׵ĸǰ
СȻƻ飡
Өף֮Ĩһ˿Ķ֮ɫ
Ƕɵǰ棬еǼƷƺһ̾Ҫն׵Ĳһ㣡
׵ɫһŮɱ̫ˣ
ֻҲû뵽ʱ򶫷ɾȻԼĸǰ
˵Ů˲Ƽˮѣû뵽ؼʱŮӵЩ
ӨʲôֹӿǲμӶԳˣڴ˶ֵĻǿɲҪҲˣ
һЦҲ˲һɽ
Өԥһɣɱ𾴾ƲԳԷƣǺϸĸ˵ǹ˽գߵ㲻ҪõѪ
ôֹѪ㹻ˣ
һЦԶĴӨ˿Ѷã
ΪûпղСӵ볡ʲôɫһļһǲ֪ߵغԺɱñ㣡
Өŭһƺסˣ
Գ
۳һʢӨƻ
ȻӨǵ۳ة֮Ůأ
Щϵ飬Ҫ˵Ĺȥ
ǴŭҲǲʥϵӣ
Ǵ޼ôǿᣬЩǴǵĸǰҲֻܹˣ
һܹĳΪ۳ף
ˣ
׿ŴӨҲǵ˵
ӨðɣǷȥֻٱ֮ʣĿһף
ֻһۣױԿóŮ˺赲ɱ⣡
ŴѿȥҲɫ൱ѿ׳лˣ
ֻǵĿŮ˶ѣ
΢΢һЦллĻ˵Ҳû̫˼ˣ
ʵҲ֪ѪģǸղһԲƴڻĻһпܻϵ
Ҳ̾һ
νƭ˱˵ĳһ
ӨҲ˶ɼڵҪԼ׵Ż᱾ܵʧȥǡ
ͷ룬һ԰Ļпܻϵˣ
ЩɻĿŶɵʦ㣬һ䲻ӦʵĻ֪㸸Ϊʲô֮أ
һʳˣô֪֮أ΢΢ҡͷ˵Ҳǰ˵
ɲһǺǣЦŵһѪ
ɣΪѪѪˣҲҪοˣѪôҵĻҺأɿ΢΢һ̾
׿Ŷɵʦ㣬ܹȥ̵ĻѪҵϣ
㡭㾹ȻҲѧӨһƭңҪĻҿɶ㲻ˣһ׵Ļûκεļһŭݣ
û뵽һﾹȻҲƭԼΪղԼĻ˵һŭ֮»һﶯˣ
̾һðɣʦµĻǿԴȥһ㸸׵Ĳ飬ǲŵĻֻܵû˵ˣ
㡭Ѫɿ׵ӣԥˣ
ۣǾǺ
׸ԭվѧԺſ˵Ż
Ǿĵؼʱ̣ȻΧ˺һ֣

λʥɽѧԺһǳ׵֮У
ţߵﶼ貶Ŀ
ʵױ¶ԼݵĻô֮Ҳ˿ģ
ֻһߵǸߵ·ߣһߵǵ͵·ߣ˶ѣ
׿ԶһһŮ˵ĸǰ˹
ӢͦĽü촽Ƿ޳ߴ̬
ȻɢİţǰΪ֮һ
˧ˣ
ǰλӼֱ˧еĵ䷶
Ҳòһĳ࣬ȷܹŮΪ֮
ǾβһӣҲˣ
˱֮βһӣǶһţ
ںԱߵǸŮӣҲӵ֮òȻ֮ĪҪһ֣ȴҲѾǵߵˣ
Ȼ˧ûб߼ʰ˵һζԳһŰ
׵ԱߣŮߴߴվһЩյĿź
ܹ˵ĻѾǽ˰ɣ

һ̣·ѧԺƺ˷֮У
ʼչһ˿΢ЦƺĳѾЩϰΪˣ
ʣ
û뵽һﾹȻҲһλʵˣ
ǴʻߴʣǾԵż
˧
׵Աߣɿһ̣ҲǼ
һԵ׿ŶɵӣҲһƣ
һգû˵
ԩ·խԼҲû뵽ʱȻӣ




2395³ǵľ
 

´Ժſ
ڵ֪ΪʲôԼˣ
һӦ֪Ҫﵽ߲αҪͣ
𡢴
һ˼ҪиͻƣǱҪͬȼĵͣ
ʹʣ˵͵ľ䣡
һССĶԳӦҲʦڵʥɽ˹ɣ
׵ĿɨźΧһΧɵڵǿػ
ʥɽȻǲͬ찡
һ־λɵڵΪĴ۳Ҳǲģ
ĺ˧
ɿһԵҲǼ˵
û˵˵ʦ㣬һҲɣ˧ë
ʣǴļʣɿһмӣҲǺһ
˵û°ɣЩûϵˣĹ㸸׵Ĳأ˵
Ҳֻ˲ܹʦð˿˵ЩʲôǶԶĺп˵
Ǽ̣ƲƲ
Ǽ̣͸Լ㣡
ɿһЦһѾЩ֪ܵĸоˡ
٣ò
׺ͶԲԶһŹʵ˵ע֮ҲǻߵѧԺſڣ
ɽӣ㣿
һߣתͷĿһӣҲ¶һ˿Ц⣡
źǰĳѾڴ˹ʱˣ
ǸɽӵӿźҲǹֵ
ȻԺĵһɽӣҵĹԹԣһҿǿ˺ü˰
ǰû뵽һεĶԳȻܹôĸǰ
ǻ֪ɣһεĶԳĽʮֵķ񰡣
ʲô˭˵İ
й¶ʱǾ֪ˣôôĸڴأ
ɽӵĳ֣ƺ´ԺǷ
׿װӣҲЩ֮Աǣ
ɽӵʵ£
Ҳûʲô飬ֻĳҪ뺫ɶѡźһǴ򶫷۳׵ģ
ɽӿźҲǹЦ
΢΢һЦ֪ĪСԸⲻԸء
ϵֺαǫأԺϵܵʵͳ࣬¿ûĸŮٰܹܾɣ
ɽӿźƺЩĸо
Ī̾Ǹأʼձһ˿ĵȻ̬֮еһĨȴʼջ֮ȥ
ռȻ˶´ԺĳǾÿ̹һ𣬲֪ΰ
ɽʼЦǺǵӣ˭Ҳ֪һ«ʲôҩ
üĿɽӵǺ⣿
ƽ
ɽӿźЦ֮ȴһ˿Ŀܣ
һȻȤĳ㵽ףŮӺϣֻǺĳֻ¾
һʱ䣬ԭгԵЩţ
ֹȻǰ
ԭ˽ǱɽӵһĨƵ֮ʱ
ȴû뵽ͬʱһֳ꣬ȥҲò˰һ㣡
鵭Ȼƺδɽӵ㵣
ǿȥҲһɫֻһԵɽȴЩڵ
糾Хαʱ
ɽӼ˲ͺ˵֣
½ʵѧԺ֮ľ쳣ļңֻѧԺ߸ϣ
ȻʥɽͷǳĴ󣬿Щȴһ˴˻಻
糾ХϷ۳¤Ժ
αʱԱ۳Ժ
˵ĳּȫ˽û뵽½ΪǿļԺŸ־Ȼüһã
ȻѧԺѧԺаֻܹڵʮң
츳Ѿ̾Ϊֹˣ
ɽӡ糾ХαʱǸԺλһĳǿߣ
Ҳ½պ
ѧԺλʮǿߣЩ˵ǰƺҲһָһȵĸо
ѧԺǴ½ǿѧԺ
١֣겻λǷɰ
糾ХźɽӣҡԼеȣҲѵĺܣ
һԵαʱȻòãü֮ȴܴһ˿֮ȥЩ̫ĸо
ҲǺٺһЦŶ´ԺһŮĪ̲츳׿òҲǹھ۳ҵҲĽû뵽ﾹȻλ
Ị̄
Ϊ´ԺһżŮ׷ƺΪ˸һְһ㣡
ʵԶûôļ򵥣һλҽһ֮ң̤ɵۼǱɣ
һԸ⹰أ




2396¹ƽһ
 

´Ժſڣ
ӿһŶڼζʲôԼҲġ
γҲ֣
ϾȻʥɽܴʥɽ˵ѧԺɣ
οܹźĪ̵Щ˭Ըأ
ɽ֮У׷֮࣡
Ҳ⣡
ǵĹͬĿǷĪ̾Բڶ۳
ƺΪ⼸֮һֹʶƺѶ۳ĸܷУ
ǿڽǵΪǷ۳¾ûô˸ˣ
ⶫ۳ƺ⼸ԺǣûнУ
̹ﻹǺܻӭ
֮Ĩһ˿ŭû뵽˾ȻôĲԼӣ
ɽ΢΢һЦƺû׷ɹɣ
ٺ٣ղź˵ĲŮӺϡȻ˭Ҳûнȵãҿֵ˼ƽΣ
糾ХĿһۺҲһ˿ƣ
һԵαʱŷ糾Х֣ٿѧԺ˰ҿºѹ̫󣬵ʱ򲻸ҵȾˣ
αʱٵȷмȾȻλȤҪȡĻǱٲ⣡
֮дһ˿ŭɫﻢ£
ѧԺ
ȷֵ𾴵ĵطΪѧԺѧΪʥɽҵĵϵҲǲòӦս
ڶ´ԺѧԺߺҵǿдѹ⼸˵Ļ»ŭ
ȻˣҲûбҪ˾
֪ԼĿľΪˢһǵĴڸУ
ȻˣҲ֪ĪΪ´Ժĳţ˭ӵһλòʵŮأ
˭ҲԼҵŶɣ
ŶٹȻǺٰ
糾ХźҲǹһ˿ʤЦݣ
ֻ´ԺΧ۵һӳ׵ըˣ
ЩҲ̫Ƕ´Ժ˰ɣѲǶ´Ժ˾ͱҪ𣿡
ǣҲ̫Ϊ˰ɣʦԼѡȨɣ
׷ʦ㰡ҿ⼸֮Ķעһ㣡
ЩһɽĳţϧҶ۳ڶţȴûһϵ˼ҵģ
ǰ۸Ҷ۳˰
£´ԺһȺ鼤ܣȻѾû֮ǰĳ֮飡
ԼԺ棬ЩȴҪȻĶԼԺĵһŮչҵľǸûн۳У
ڽ´Ժεľأ
Ȼǹƽ˶лˣαʱźٺһЦ
˶еģֻǰǵǰȴûһ
˵һһεĻָ֮ǰţ
ΪѧԺΪʥɽҵĵϵ
ںǴһ棬ЩҪԼѾûлˣ
Ĵţ
һȻɫȴѾΪ֮һ
Ȼ˵ţЩ뾺ˣβõͷֻҪ˭ܹԼĪ̳ԷĻͷ͹˭Σ
αʱźĻû˿ԥ˵Ļ
Ԥı
ãȻλҪ棬ٵǲ⣬ǲ֪ܲõĳñٿ۵Ķˣ
һֵĸоȴѾûκε·
´Ժǰ
ͻһĻ˶ǸоһĿɿڴ
ٮٮߣǾȻڶ´ԺĸǰǵŮ˷׷
´Ժƺû˸ʱκεľϣ
ɺ׾һԿŲԶˣ׵֮ҲЩðˣ
ԼŮ˱ŵһ㣬˭Ŷǲˬģ
һ̣ƺЩͲסˣ
һԵĶɿɫ˪ҲЦŵôˣղŲ˵ʦǼҵôָҸЩѧԺĳȥһȰ
ûֻ𣿡׿ŶɰԵ˵
һ̣֮еöɶΪ֮һ
û뵽ǰһӣȻôһ㣡
ͳ仰࿴ˣˣǿ־ͺˡ
ɳһЦһﻹЩɣ
ּĽһʳνܹ
ڶɿ׾СӶһ㣡
ֶû˼ȻˣôҲ治ǣ׺ȻһЦ
ɸҪ׼ټĽһײҪ֣ʱĿɿڴһĻˣ
ȻǹƽҲһ
ǣҲǳź˵м˹ȥ




2397ŶԷӣ
 

һȻ
ɿ׾ôԼ˳ûüֹ֪ߵغļһ
ּˣ
ʶĳ׵ķ˹ȥ
ڴʱеĿⶼ׵ϣ
һǲĿ߳ģֻûʶף
һ˭֮ǰûм
֪˵ĳĶҲ˵أ
Ҹһˣôܲʲôطȥأ
Сʵһ㰡ֻڵӣȻҸȳžѧԺĵһŮ
ڣոȥСǲǸɵȱ
ΧΧ۵ԽԽ࣬Ҫ֪´ԺھǵĽ㣡
οǶԳҪʼʱأ
ھǵľ۹ҫĵطκεķ紵ݶ˹עģ
ֻ׳ǣ֮⣬û֪׵ĵϸ
οõǻǸû֪Ĵˣ
ɾһ͵ӣ״ݲȵ߳ȥӣҲһľ̾ѣ
ĵ
һֺɫҪ˰

αʱ׺װ˳Ҳŭһ
˵ʶĻ
һСȻǵĸǰ㣬һֱǲҪ
οαʱҲΪײڵʵʵҸǾ
νĹƽЩ˵УҲרһϷ
Ǹ˶ܹеνĹƽ
Ҳһ㵵Ŀףû뵽вģ
αʱƺ⹫ƽ˵İɣȻǹƽÿһ˶вʸ𣿡
ͻȻ˵⵹û뵽飡
׿ɲһǺģΪһ沿ѾԲ²ĳˣ
ӦΪ۶ˣЩ˵ΪΪҫ۵һţ
ѧԺ֮˵ţҲʥɽļ߳ǿߵһţ
糾Хףüͷ΢
ܿɫƺһ£ּƺʲôط˵
糾ХԼǣȻǹƽּȻǿԵģֻµм仰Ҫֵһ
˵糾Хʲô㽻ƨ
αʱƺЩͲסɽҲŭһ
糾ХЦһȻ˵żұȵֽɣֻǾƺ֪ĳЩѣ
糾Х糾ХڻԽԽȥ˰㾹ȻʶɵۼǿߣȻô˵ģ
αʱĨһ˿ЦǸ߸ϵ̬·˷У
ɽһԳȻҪҲֲǣ٣ͷģǾΣ
˵ܼ򵥣ʯҲԣҩҲԣҲԣÿóһֵĶɡļֵܵһǧƷʯ
˻
ڳ˼ǵһ
һǧƷʯЩȻǶ´ԺѧǸ߸ϵ
νĸ߸ֻһ˶ԣ
һǧƷʯ˵ҲһʼΪӴ֣
һǧƷʯѣС˼
αʱɽӼͬʱڵһԵķ糾ХһҲʾͬ⣡
ʱƺ˻ôˣ
ĿһЦŵϵܣһβ棬治Ļȥ
ȻƽȣмһĨȴ˸оף
˵ˣأ
ֲ֪ˣЩǿҲ飡
ɿɵӣҲƵĲУ
һǸͷడ߿Ӧ֪ʲô˰ɣ
֮ǰ׼ֹһţɻûеȵ׼ãһȻͳȥˣ
ּ㡭Ͻ
ɿף̲סһκ
ȻҲ֪Щˣɸղ֮ǰĺѾñ˾ǸԼһˣ
һǧƷʯ׿źüʵ
Ͻĵǵ£αʱһͷ˵һǧƷʯòҲ˼ǳŮˣʲô
ֵģҪΪմǾܹڲ뿪Ļһ̱Ǻʬͷˣ
ɽһҲЦ˵һĪ˰ɣ
һԵķ糾Хֻǿף֮в֪Щʲô
һǧƷʯ᲻̫һ㣿
Ϊ׿϶ǻ뿪֮ʣȥû뵽λĸˣ




2398Ūһ
 

һǧƷʯ̫ˣ
һʱ䣬˶һʯĸо
ˣ
˶ԭµСǸ˻û뵽˼һڱȫ
һǧƷʯ٣ѾĿж󰡣
￴ֵסˣҲڵ
ַƺʼҪʶһǰһˣ
ŶǺǣ˼ˣ
һĵȻֻ׵ƺһЩζĸо
һԵαʱףЩһ˵˵λǿɲܱɵñˣ˰
ǰ٣һʵУȴͦģɽҲЦһ
˿ȥƺһܹóôʯ
һǧ򣬶˵ȷһʲôĿ
ǶǸĽܳһǳǴġ
ǵǴỊ̄
ǵȻȻʯǲٵģ

Ǯ᲻õĻݸʲô椣
οҲһɽӵԺȻǵ׼Ҳ쳣ĳֵģ
һףǵ˵ϵܣֺ˵ĻӦ˰ɣ
׿ź΢΢һЦôȻͷȻľһЩһǧ򣬵ȷЩˡ
Ŷϵܵ˼ٲźأ
Ҳ¶һ˿ζЦݣʵЩ֮˵ʯˣ¾ˣ
һǧԭþѣ
ΪҲ֪һǧƷʯһ֮ͨ˵Ǿһ˾̾ľ޿ˣ
û뵽ǰһȻӵˣ

Ҫһǲôţ
αʱһһСӣɲǷˣ˵ĻǵʱûǮҪ
ƽ
ҲΪĸ֣αʱ˾Բʱնɱף
ϾΪ۳ѧԺٮٮߣԲʱʲô˿ľٶģ
ǱţҲԲԼԼ
ɽӳֱ˵ּɣȻǹƽҵȱ㵽ס˭ûʯ˭˳ͺˣ
Ȼλͬ⣬ҿŪһƷʯˡ
׵ԴĪ̵ĹϵټһҲʮֵĿߣ
Ȼʱ֣ܶһʹһҲбҪģ
һڣ
Ҳڵһڣκһ˵ǶһʲƵ֣
ʥɽΣȻǷǳǮ
һƷʯ˵ҲǲСˣ
ôٲˣһԴ˵
Ȼ棬ҺȻҲˣȻһ˿ı仯ǿסԼ
һԵαʱɽɫ
һڣ
ȻҲõóܹҲôʯˣ
û뵽ȥеļһȻܹóһڳ
ôأ
СӣҪòĻǵʱɱû㡭
αʱһεĸȷϵȻһڶ˵Ҳʹˣ
ϾԴǸ
һӮ˵ĻǵʧľһڵƷʯ
òĻλʱȡӮ˸λ˵Ļ
׿ҲǴ̼ǵ񾭣
ô˵˵һǼ׶ֿҲǲˣ
Ͼǹڳϣ˭֪ìѾˣ
ʱ׳µĻô²Ҳ֪˭µ˰ɣ
ãСӣס˵ĻαʱڴڵĴŴһھһڣѲһɣ
ɽҲüĳҲû⣡
ֻһԵķ糾ХƺһֱûпڣԴ׳֮·ǻһһ㣡
˵ʱЩСˣ
תͷ˿糾Х֣ղôΪһھɵ˰ɣǺǣ
ƺ⼸֮ŹκһԷĻᣡ
һԵαʱҲЦŵ֣ɱǶĿ࿴
糾ХԥƬ̵˳

˶ƵĿŷ糾Хһû뵽ּļһĳ֣ȻϷ۳¤Ժĵһŷ糾ХƵ˳ˣ
˼飡
ʵЩ˼鰡
㡭˳ˣ˵ɴ۾ŷ糾ХǻΪԼˣ
糾ХĿһ׵кˣҶĪʵҲûжȤ
糾Х㻹Ǹثְ
αʱŷ糾ХȻ˳ˣȻоԼĸʴһЩҲǷǳĲ
ɵ֮Գ֮ΪɵӣΪ֪ߵغ񣡡
糾Хһˣ˵һζĻֻ˲֪糾Х˵ĵ˭ѣ
һ˵ȺƺƵĳŶ´ԺԺ˹ȥ




2399¹ž
 

ҲǸȺ˹ȥû뵽ǸԼ۵ļһȻԼôһ̾
һڵĶע
һﵽܲóһţ
һ￴ȥһ첻µزµӣǲ֪ţ
ô꣬ûм˲Ҫˣ
ǼʶˣһڣҲֻܹóôˣ
һﾹȻһڳԼݵżԶģʵЩֺֺЦĸо
ѾزˣֻܹӲͷƤȥּ򵽵׻ô³
Ƽˮ꣡
ɶԼļһȴһ˿Ī
ϣּܹһʲô漣
ȻҲ֪һ˼Һɽӵȣ಻һǰ֣
´Ժڣ
ʱ˵Ľƺ˼˵ϣ
׷Ị̄
˽û뵽ȻģԭǶΪռͷ
ȻһãúܶҲһͷˮ
ĪΪ´ԺĵһŮһţ
ȻǱܱ
סĵطҲԺ羰ΪҲΪεһط
Ͼڶ´Ժڣк֪ܶĪ̵סģ
ʦá
Ī̵ķ֮УʱĪľˮڸ̤ɵ۾ѹأ
ƺѾǴһ˿ɵ۾ϣ
ֻоҪһЩʱĳɽΪѵһҲһˣ
Ī̳Լ֮еʱſѾ߽ˣ
һһŮ
ӿȥģŮӿȥ֮ĪƺҲǴһЩ
Ī̿ˣҲǻ۾үݵʧԶӭ
̣ǿ˵˵İཻôҿҪ˰
˵֮˱Ƕ۳۾ōԷĵӹžŮ࣡
žΪ۳֮ӣҲǺ켫һʱ
ǵ궫´Ժĳ֮һĹžҲɵڵĳǿߣҲ
Ҳǵ궫´ԺŮаǰҲǶ´ԺĸԺ
ֻ񶫷۳Щ۳ѧԺƺѶ´ԺУ
žҲǸոյϢԸԼķ˸˹
ʵϹž˶Ị̄Ҳһֲ֪ôദĸо
Ͼžĸ׿Ị̄ĪʵϱǻҪСϺܶ࣡
ദô꣬ž򸾺Ī̵ǳΪ˲ѣȻžǶ´ԺԺ
硢ɩʲôǸ˰붫Գмʱ䣬Ӧúæİɣ
ĪҲЦŹžҲЦʵ
ž࿴ȥҲЩΣϾȹϵʵЩദ
ܲΪԼĸʿỊ̄Ǿó֮֮ɣ
һĪ̳Ϊǵĳʱϵɾˣ
ùҹ
ڹžô˼
Ī̲ǻûгΪԼʵİ
οĪ̵׹ˣ⻹治Ƕ۳˵ģ
̣ڸոն´Ժſڣһ飡ž濴Ị̄
Ī̵˵ܹôϹ飬˵鲢С»йذɣ
ǺǣһֱǰĴϻۣȷйأܶΪ㶼ˣ
ҲεĿĪ̵
Ī̵˵硢ɩʵ͸˵ˣҿеˣҼҲģ
ž࿴Ī̵ӣҲһΣ
ž濴Ị̵̄񶫷۳Ϊ⣬Ҷ۳ѾáֵҶ۳Ϊѵʱ̣ЩһҲܵﰡ
žɫЩѿΪ۳ү˵һȷεĺܣ
Ҳ֪ûʲô취ڵĶ۳ʵȻҲԣ۳½ԴΪֵĵط
۳ѾǻȻ˵ձ
Щ춫۳֮ˣһأ
һԵҲǵ̣硢ɩ֪ԸһҪһ£
һ£ôϣĪҧ촽ʮֵĿ飡
Ϊǹžǰⲻɮ濴棬ôҲøһֱչԼһЩӰɣ
ѧԺĺԺɽӡԺαʱһ֪ʲôطðļһĸѾעԶٷ
ž濴Ị̄ʣµ鲻˵ĪӦҲ֪ˣ
Ī̾һ硢ɩȻԵţ̲ӿ϶ǲˡһǾ仰ҲܳΪƷ
İɡžԥһ
Ī̿Źž磬һ飬һֱûк˼ڣڿѾǲˡ




2400Ī̵
 

Ī̵᷿ڣ
ž࿴ĪЩɻΪǸĪ̽ôʱ䣬δĪ̿ǰʲô飡
񿴵Ī̿ڣҲЩˣ
࿴ĪЦẉ̂ǶôϤˣǻʲô
һԵĹžҲǵֻҪǶ۳ڲ飬ҹžӦҲһЩӵģ̣˵ɡ
ĪԥһͷƼҵĽá

ž˲üͷĪҲˮ
Ƽ峤˵֮˿˺ܾˣ֪Ŵܲܡ
Ī̺ʶǱ϶װʶģ
ĪһֱڵȴѰ׵䣬һչس֮ȴƼѾûˣ
Ƽ峤Ӱ峤ѺƼң
ϢĪҲŭӿ
ҪƼ֮ˣǲ̫ܵ飡
ĪԼ鷳²ϣҲ˵˲ٹԼĴţ
ʱķһЩתĻʱԼ֪Ӧô죿
δôһ̣ϣ׳ߣ
ʵĪЩ꼸һֱڱչأټŴ£ѹҲ֪Ѿɽˣ
Ī֪Ļܵ׻ʳˣ
žƼһοˣ
ʲôˣƼһֱԵ۳Ĺôܻ
Ī̾㵵ĿŹž棬ϳֳһĨɫ
һԵʵʥһֱûҪƼҶֵ˼Ʊǿةһϵ֮ˣة۳ߵĺܽ
ƼһֱԶ۳֮ҸҪȡһεĶ䣬壡֮²ⷬٶ
ž濴Ị̄ҲǼĽ͵
Ī̳ķʽȡĺƽ϶յĺƽǶ۳һֱôԿֻԼƼǣ³ʵ˺İ
̾һиʵĿǣ۳ǵﲻ𰡣
ǰοҵ鸸ҲѾΪʱˣƼ峤Ӱ峤˾ˣ
ž濴Ị̄Ҳ¶һ˿Цݣ
Ī̵ԼĴ۾Źž棬˰˶ȵʲô˾ˣļٵİ
̣ġ˵ϢŵҲͦ˵ġֻ˭Ҳ֪˭Ƽҵ峤峤
࿴Ị֮̄ҲǴһ˿ɻ
žЦŵڼǷ˸飬ǾøһЩѵҲӦõġʵҲǱȽ峤ķ񡭡
Īһ߾ͺã߾ͺð
žͷ̣ôˣһֱһˣûҪһ
Ī̿Źž򸾵硢ɩҪ滰Ǽٻ
̣ʲôʱѧôƤأȻҪ滰˰࿴ĪҲݸһЦ
Ī̵ͷȻɩҪ滰Ļ̾˵滰ɣʵ½֮ǰѾзˡŮ޶ĵŴɩӦҲ֪İɣ
Ŷ֮ǰû˵İžҲЦܿɫȻ̰½֮˷֪أǷô㣬ܹ𣿡
ǰ̣ԺͲһ·ˡ˵ˣɽ磬Ǿ൱̥ˣӦøǰ˵ټˡ
Ī̵츳ܺãþ֮ǰĪ½йܹأ
Ī¶һ˿ЦݵⱲֻϲһһģһ
û뵽ֽһ֮ˣȻ˵ĻǴɩҲǿˡһεļͷǳ󡭡
ž滹һεỊ̄
ĵЩ˵Ļ˵Ī̳Բ۳ЩԲ
ѧԺĺǿʥɽ˰
Ī̵ͷ硢ɩǷİɣǼȻˣһġ
Щ˿עǿֶ˰
ž࿴Ị̄ʵĪ̵֮Ѿǿ˼ᶨ֮ɫ
Щ֣ĪΪʲôôɵأ
Ī̵ͥԺ֮У˿ѾЩͷܶ
Щԭ̤λ´ԺһŮͥԺǰˣʱĻҲ׼һĪ̵ķˡ
ʱĪ̸᷿Ǳߣһˮɳĸо
ݵȺˣ
ĪµʱԱҲǳһŮģ֮ˣ
Ϊ´ԺĳţĪ̵ߵҲר˷




2401ºʧܣ
 

Ī̵ͥԺ֮У
Χ֮ҲǴﵽ֮ڣΪ׵ļ˿ȥʮ㣡
ΪѧԺҲΪעĶȻԻˣ
ǰŮҲһΪ˧Ȼλº
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ŮźʱҲһ־Ϊ˵ĸоɫЩߺ죡
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Ī̵ӰˣǸ׼еŮ°ɣԼ
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һ˵Ǻˮ׼ģ׷Ī̵飡
ô˵棬ֱӱĪܾ̾ˣǺܶˣ
һ˵֮̽
˵һǺѾܾģҲǸĪ̺Լһ̨ˣ
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һԵɽӺαʱһ˵˵ǵɫҲǱֱ䣡
˵ĪĴӦ˺ĻôᶼûоֱӳΪʧߣ
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ΧΧ֮˵һ⺫ǲǷ˰
֮ǰЩҲѾ˵ˣʲôķֻҪܹĪ̳Զٷˣ
⺫֮޳ܣһԵɽӺαʱҲĿɿڴ
Ʒʯ
źǺţ⺫һʯó
޳ܣʵ޳֮
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ǵһĻȫҲǿ֮ǰǲֻǾøһӶѣ
˭Ҳû뵽Ӹˣȴú޳ܵľٶ
Ӻôֱʰ
ĪһƷʯҲզ಻ѣ
ڣƺѾǵ߸ܹĿռˡ
ĪЦŵ̹ƷʯѣֻҪ̹ͷ
ǺǣĪΪḬ֮̄
Ī˵ȻƷʯܶ࣡
Ī̿ͬܵһĪ裡
˿̣ĪĮúҲһľ֮ɫ
ˣ
ԭƷʯԻĪˣĪ̵ĻŷĪƺںʲôʯ
̹²˼
鼱֮£ҲЩ˷磬һӶ֪Ӧôˣ
ûʲôذɣ̲ˡ
Ī̵Ȼ󣬿ڳ֮
̹롭
һɫʵû뵽ԼΪѾ϶飬Ȼӵģ
Ϳͣ
Ī̵纮˪˿λѧԺκεӣ
ʧˣ
һԵɽӺαʱ¶һ˿Цݣ͵ʴװ
⺫Ҫöעû뵽ȴŪɳ׾ˣ
ĪɽӺαʱ֮һ㣡
̹Ժɽӣ
ɽӵڶ˳źվһԣҲЦ




2402½Ӷʧ
 

ʦ֣кܶûм˰ɣ
ĪһɽӵҲòԵĴ˸к
֮䣬ƺҲûжٵ֮
ɽһĪ̵ĻҲЦǺǵ˵ǰδ̹Ѿ˹Ŀ࿴˰
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Ī̸ɽ֮䣬ֻܹòдһ˿Ŀ
ɽӵǲΪȻҲ֪򵥴ֱ׷ѾûϷˣ
˶ûгɹԼҲֻܹ·ˣ
ɽӿĪЦŵʦãҶδĳζصضһĿľҪʦɣ֪ʦΰ
ƣ
ɽӵҲǴϻ۾һʹĸƣ
Īһʱ»ǲûؾϾ˼ֻɶѣ
ɫӵѿû뵽ɽӾȻĪ̲ʶͼˣ
ǶĵĲǳԶٷѣʵ˵׷ûκεĹϵ
һٷͿӮƷʯ
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ĪЦŵʦ֣֮ƺҲû쵽ϰɣ벻ʵ𣿡
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ĿڵһʯͷҲˣ
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ǽӮˣӻǹȥ
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ڵô˵棬ôˣҲǸоЩ޵ݣ
˶ʧˣôٲôѿǣ
Ҷˣ֮ǰĶעҲͲˣ
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αʱʱ˳ĪЦŵ̹ղźٺʵЩαˡαʱյֻΪһ飬̹͹⡭
ʦִµ˵޷
ĪһĿֻֿ֮дһ˿Լ
αʱҲΪԼô֮
αʱЦŵĳ̹֮ǰĿľΪ׷̹
ʦֵǹ̹ϡĪЦһʦֲϲͣлʦֺ񰮣

αʱһʱҲסˣľܾĹװ
ԭαʱʵѾ㣬ʱǾ޹ĺܣ
αʱĪЩ΢΢鴤Ǽһ˿Цݵֺ̹αôżľܾأ
˵ֱˬһЩҲΪʦֺã̾ʦûбҪ̵˷̫ʱ䣡
Ī˵ǹֱӵģھǳ׵Ľαʱ·ˣ
ɽӿһԵαʱ˵ĳΪжͣҲʮЦٲѡ
ɽӣ㡭
αʱһŭղųɽӣԼҲʧˣ
ɽӶԼ֮αʱҲֻܹ̾ʵЩ죡
ʧܣ
Χۿ֮ҲһЦһ˶ǾĪΪ´Ժ֤һ˿ϣ
ĸˣѾʧˣ
ڻһˣ˿ûκγɹĿԣ
ɽӡαʱ
һɽ̳
ԤǣԺȻΪɽƵĳܣ
ʵĪԺҲˣҲ֪Ī۸һϣ׬貧ӯ
ɽӺαʱҪľֶѾĪ̵ĸǰ
ҲЦ֮ԼѾҵȸٻᣡ
٣ô˲ˣ
ںŭ׼뿪֮ʣ׵Ӱһεĳ˵ĸǰ
˵Ļ¶Ѿ˸ˣ




2403׵ǳ
 

ȻһƬ
˽ΪһѾǽˣȴû뵽ʱǸּļһﾹȻһεıQ˳
˵ղźһɢɳĻô˵쳣Žᣡ
ЦһֵģͲҪ˷ʱˣ
ɽһҲǳϽ鲻õŪ㣡
ߣǣҪһĻֱɱˣ
αʱ˵˶ûгɹ飬һôܳɹأ
ο˸ովʧܣ鶼ǲˬ
ڿ׵ӣҲЩһĸо
ʱ׵Цݣƺ̼˵񾭣
һǲǷ˰ʱƺǣ
ҿһӮʯˣڵûʲôѹˣ
ǰӮ׬ˣҲԿ
һﻹǹİһ
һҲЩ֮ԱǵĿףǶ̨
ֲúҪŭˣһƺѾǳ׼ˣ
˵ˣȻǶľ֣Ҳñɶľְɣ
׻δ˵һԵķ糾ХѾ¶һ˿мЦݵ١֣֡ǵЩ˿߰
糾Хʲô˼ɽŭһ
糾Х˵ʲô˼ȻǶľ֣ȻҵУûԹôֲ֪أ
Ǻǣ㵹ϲͬ˰ȵС֮ˣҲΪαʱѣ
αʱŷ糾ХȻ׵ļһ˵Ҳŭһ
糾ХƲƲ˵ʲôʱΪһʲôһľֶҼˣҲ˼ҵĸǰզ
ߣ糾Х㻹˵ˣѾһľֶҲμӵˣʲôʸߴСУ
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⼸˱ίߣʵǲǸ̥ѣ
֮ǰǶݵĳˣĿĲΪ˴һºѣ
Ѿǲˣ֮ȻҲҪʲôˣ
üͷ΢΢չ˵ҲûеȻҪǱ԰ɣ˻˵䲻أ
ãҵҪôͷɽźĻҲŭ棡
һԵαʱСӿǻˣ
в֮⣬Ա
αʱƺ׵һ̲ˣһɹ񣬵ʱȻʲôõ³
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Ī̸ڵķ֮УžһɻĿԶף
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ʧܣҶ۳˵Ӧһ¡žͷ
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ʵ˵沿ѾԿóѹҲǸֵĲܳɹ
һֵǰʧˣүĪΪһɹɣ㿴Щ˶ԴһӦþ֪ˡ
ˡ
һֱŶףҲǱſЦ̬ѣ
׿Ī̵һ̣ʵҲ쳣ļ
ֻ׺Ī̶û뵽ǵط꾹Ȼ֮£
еĿһ̶ǽĶף
׵ԵʮֵĴݣŲæߵԱߣӻժ˼ʻԼУ
һǲɵŪȻҲֲɵģ
ߣĵӣҪ׷Ƕ´ԺĵһŮΰɣ
ģһҲӶ˰ҪĻֱһͷײˣ
ͷʲô˶аǿˣ
һ˿ŸողժʻȻö֮վĪ̵᷿֮£Ҳһƣ
ܹ׷Ī̵Ļôǿͳɹˣ




2404´۾
 

Ī̵ͥԺ֮ڣ
һ˵ȶǳĿףǾһǸɵȱеս
˳ϣ˵ûг⣡
һ²۵ĸо
ɿףҲ¶һ˿֮ɫ
׵ӣоԼһﶪˣ
ɵԱߣӨҲߣ
ѾǴ´ԺӨƺһֱɵտ
Өʱÿʧܣ
ҲģӨĪǲʶ̧٣
Ī̵Ļºһ̣ѾǵͷӦˣ
Ī̽Ӷľܾ˺ɽӺαʱʱ򣬴ӨҲЩľˣ
ֻǴӨôҲû뵽һľȻ֮ǰҪμӶԳһڻʳνţ
ǸһֱŭԼ
ڴӨźʧܣһο׵ʱҲ˶ɵߣ
ߣǸһǲҪҲ˼źǱȣɣ㲻ҪҲˣһôҲᴫȾ
Ө֮ķ֮⣡
ɿŴӨӣҲЦһ˼ֹ𣿡
ҿɵɵ࣬Ǹɵȱ
Өһ޲ֱӽһźأ
һôŸ֣Ѿ·ˣ
һЦȻôߣǲˣ
Ө˵ҿɵȱô˵ģһˣҲһ˵ʱˡɣԼ³ɵȱҪá
ɲҲŭ죡
Ҳ֪ǸһʵЩˣ
Զ
״󷽷վĪ̵᷿ǰĪЦŵ̹ּ򡭡
ֹӣк£
Ī̵֮оȻһ˿Ĳ
˲δĳΪǵѾ϶һ϶ʧˣ
ڲǵȴһѣ
΢΢һЦҶ̹ҲѾã֪̹ɷԸҹأ
ǺǣֹӻĬĺܣȻһЩ͹ˡǱĲõĺܰ
ĪЦһЦһξǷĵģ
ôҲû뵽һʱȻˣ
ּ
ùˣĪֵּʱ֪Ӧǲ뱩¶Լݣ
ϷĪ̵Щᳵ·ĸо
֮Ĭɣ
̹Ȼʱ⣬ȴҵһƬ֮ģЦŵ
ֹӴ
Ī̺֮Ȼʼ죬һ˵ҲǴ۾
ԭǶΪĪ̿϶һڻؾȻȥ
ôҲû뵽Ī̾Ȼһ죬ĵƺܿһ
۳ĳʳ˴ǰΪ˲μӶԳܹ̹Եüǵһ£
ʵҲڸĪ̺䣬ĿľΪĪи̨£
Ī̵Ǻϵ˵ҼΪرһˣʵȻԼҳԷҵǺΪѵĴӦԶٷɣ
ۣ
ӶˣĪ̵Ļûһȥ
ӦˣĪ̾ȻôӦˣ
ΪʲôΪʲô
ǲеһɻΪʲôĪ̻Ӧ
ΪʲôƫƫѡļһӦˣ
һʱ䣬ͥԺ֮ڼǴ۵С۵Ļ࿴ţΪʵǸ㲻⵽Ϊʲô
׿ĪҲǹһЦҵƺȱҪһЩ

Ī漴ȥּǴ̼˵񾭣
˽һı飡
αʱɽӵ
ⲻܡ
ɽЩŵĿԶף޷ʵ
ЦһĪĪǹϷˣҵȣǴͨһƭȡҵȵʯ
Լǡ
αʱҲһʹԭΪһεһʯ϶ǲøˣ
û뵽ȻһĻ
תͷź˵ĸǰ˹λɶţΪһڵʯɰɣǸλøĻĳǿ󣡡
׵͸´Ժ
һһưͳԻĸо֪ѧԺˣʥɽǶˣ
ҲμӶԳʵ
Ȼ׵˵
ڶɣ˵תһԵαʱ˵һڶѣ
糾ХǻİǱǮ֮ҲЦеĵݸ˷糾Х
׿ŷ糾ХӣҲ΢΢һЦ֣ʶ




2405ˣĹ
 

׺ͷ糾Хж뿪˶´Ժ
ǳŶɵļ˹ȥʱĶɻһȦ״̬
֪ΪʲôһȻͳɹˣ
֪Ī̵ģҲ֪Ī̵Ĺ°
˼һ˸Ϳۣ
ʵ˵һˣǺȳţĪ̾ȻҲʮˬľͻؾˣ
ּһȻͳɹˣ
ȥƺĪ̻һѲɾΪһʵǿӺܴ
ѧԺһŮһŵ˼άǲܹó֮
Ī̵ͥԺ⣡
˿̺ܶҲΧܱߣֻǴ߳ʱƺЩ㱵ĸо
ʲôʦþȻӦһ
ǰĻΪԼأû뵽Ȼģ
С޸ǳ޸ܰ
ߣ˺ǣԳղû𣿡
ǰһССĻʳѧԺ֮ˣȻҲΣ
ǰһߣǼĿ궼׵ϣ
Ľʡޣ
Ǽһģһּĸо
˭Ҳû뵽Ȼݱӣһڶ۳һСȻɹԼĪ̳Է
˵ȥ¶ûţ
ȴΪʵҾͷ˵Ƥӵ£
ֻܹпŮ˼άܹóĦˣ
Ī̵᷿֮У
žҲǴǾþöûлع
ү⡭ûɣ̾ȻӦһ
оԼˣһеô£ڻûзӦĹ
ž̾һҲǸ㲻ˣһƽ棬ѲɾΪʵȴҪԵʣ
²ǣղŲ֪ûз˵ʱЩһֱעỊ̄
ԿԸоóĪ̸ǸּļһԻʱ֮г˻֮ɫ
йŹְſֻˣ̣Ȼ˾ͽɡ
žЦŵҲҪ֪һеΪʲô
ĪŶ룬ıһ˿ļ֮ɫ
һץסĪ̵ĸ첲̣ʲô
ɩ֪ɻ󣬲Ҳ˵ֻ̫ܹ࣬㣬ҵȵˣ
Ī¶һ˿õЦݣַĵЦӳԵôľ
㡭ҪȵˣĪǡĪķ
ҲһĻôĪ˵¾ǻˣ
žҲڵЩȷʵôɺϰɣ
Ī̹һֵҸղһҾ֪
̣Ϳ
žһ̾һĪҲǳ
Īһ㶵Ŵ磬˵⻰ʲô˼ҷңѲҲӦø𣿡
ȻǸˣȻ鵽زǴҲʲô˵ʲôˣǱӦ֪˰ɣžһҲ̯һ˵
Ŵ磬Ⱳӳ⣬κ˶ܵģĪ̳
̣ôõǰ;ΪʲôͷҪһϵأο˲ķɽһжǴͷʼ츳
࿴Ị̄Ҳһֺɸֵζ棡
Ī̵˵硢ɩ֪Ϊ̺áˣĹˣֻܹȻˣ
㡭㡭
Ī̵ĻоȻһĨж֮ɫ
ɽ֮УŮǷǳĺ
ǰܶﻹʲô棬ܲѾǺˣ
ž̾һˣС࣬ҲȰסˡ̣绹Ҫһ䣬۳ʥɽκһܹҪǺοأ
Īŵ˵ҷδʧȻˣǱȫ׼
žƵ̾һðɣܿͽǣȰһ䣬ҪôԶ߸߷ɣҪôʱ
硢ɩллǣ
Ī̵ҲһĸжʵϹžôѾǲ۳ˣ
࿴ĪҲ̾һϣܹиýɣǸּ֮ˣһ߰
ڣԵЩƣ
Īʵ˵ҲǼٵģȴǳף
һˣôܲأ
Źž򸾵ĻҲü
˵׵İȫκ鶼ҪҪ
Ī̾׼ʱȰһȰףϾеʱף
˿̵ȴѾ˶壬뺫˴ĵѾǴǡ




2406¶
 

ǣ壡
Ƕ壬ʵڳΪ֮ǰһҲǵİ˴֮һ
ֻĶЩǣ𽥵ı˵ļȡ
ҲǼҵױȽʵ֣ҲΪʲô޼ҵܹ϶嶫һԭ
Ĵ֮տǴ֮еļƷ
Ȼܶ˶֪˭Ҳ֪ⶫ彫տ׷˺δ
Ҳ˺ܶһԭ򣬲ڵĹĶ࣡
ҲڲǮ֣һֱûܹӶйһ
ΪĶҲˣ
տ֮⣬ƺûʲôĶֵö彾ģ
ɴ׺ͷ糾Х˶壬ԼҲ֪ԼΪʲôҪһԼļУ
Ϊһղŵı̫ޣֻ֮ǰһо˼漣ɣ
Ȼһ֮ȶ½ļ󳬼Ŷ˽£ɹĻĪ̵
ƾһ㣬ɶ׻һЩĿ࿴
С㣬ˣ
ɴ׺ͷ糾ХߣΪ֮ǰװԼԼӦҲþһµ֮꣡
ټ׵Ա߻Ϸ۳¤Ժĳŷ糾ХԶɾҲһύѵĺûᣡ
˵֮˱ǶĹܼң

ɿŶҲǹ
ڶô꣬ȻǹܼңʵԼĸ׶ֵƣ
ֻԼһֱԹܼԾӣ
ŶɵͷС㣬ôͻȻˣ˵ѧԺЩкܶҪæ𣿡
СѹҾ˳ǵˣ
ЩΣʵ۸׻Ǹ糾Хܹ֮Ϊѣ
ֻܹ˵Ƽˮ꣬糾Хû˵һ仰
ŶǺǣ⻹Сһδӻؼң½˰
Щ٩ĿŶЦŵ
һϯ
ֱö쵽˲Ӹ棡
ЩߵĿŶϹ˵ֻҵѣ
úúãѣ
΢΢һЦһģʵȴҲѾǴﵽɵ۳ڣ
ҪȻȻ˸ߵĵλ
ǡǸ״ôˣ
ЩǵĿŶóѯԼײʱƺҲ쳣Ľţ
ɵʻһ׺ͷ糾ХȻЩ
ﵹЩʥҩ֪ɷã
糾Хʱ򿪿ڵΪ¤ԺһţԴȻ൱ķḻ
ټϷ糾Хɵ۳ڵǿߣһЩöʵ̫ˣ
ʵϷ糾ХѾȷ׵ˣ
ôʵҲ׵ǰʾã糾ХڵķϷ۳һ壡
ҸҳҵĹϵĪ棬糾ХϷ۳̫ӳҲǷǳõѣ
׵Ҳǽ糾Х
ּ֣糾ХӡҲ쳣̣Է糾Хһӱ뵽ܣ
ȻˣһҪԭһССĻʳţô׵ĸѧԺѧԺĳţ
ܹһٳɹǶʧ棿
ԭڶɵֻһƳɵһεĿ˵ķ糾Хʱȴһ𺳣
ɵ۳ڣѾȾ磬ູհ֪λǡ
֮еԸӣû뵽ԼҵС㣬Ȼſѣ
糾Х΢΢һЦ·糾ХϷ۳¤Ժ
糾ХϷ۳ҵˣ
ΪĶ۳˴壬ڸ۳Ҳһ׼ȷжϣ
ܹΪɵ۳ڵǿߣȳſҲֻзļܹĳɣ
糾ХݸһЦǣ
̵繫¤Ժĵһ֣
̾һ峤˵Ĳ鲢ͨҩܾΣ繫ӵĺˣ룡
ؿ֪峤ܵʲôˣ糾ХҲЦʵ
˵֪繫û֮
ŷ糾Хһᵽ֮Ƿ糾ХҲɫһ䣡
糾ХȻǻ֮Ż֮ҪѪݲܹⶾѪ
ֻһһˣǶҲ취÷繫ӷˣ롭
΢΢һ֮̾Ȼн⣬ʵϻҲ޽ˣ
ѲҪȥǱ߻ȡѪȥʲô˼һ㣡
֮ҩɾȣҵЩ취
ڶĶŷ糾ХҾ֮ʣȴû뵽һǸȥ̫۵ļһﾹȻ˵ʯƾĻ
һʱ䣬֪˭ˣ




2407ҽ
 

ſڣ
ͶɼͬʱףһԵķ糾ХҲЩ㵲ѣ
֮
Ȼʲô֢ҪĽҩ䷽ʵ̫ѵõ
Ѫ
ٿ˽ݵһͰѪڻڰһ㣡
Ҫ֪֮涾Ѫ
һıȽ׵õĺ֮ѪȴôΪҪѪģ
½ҪѰٵټ˵죡
ҪȥȥնɱǿߣǵĵϴѪǸǳеĳ
ȵһ㣬ǿôԼѪʹأ
Ҫ֪һ߰ĺܣǵֻǵ͵ȵĴڣ
˸߰Ѫˣֱǲܵ飡
ڶ㣬Ⱥ壬ǿҪǿǰȥǿҲѻص
Ϊʵ̫ǿǿ󵽼˾ĳ̶ȣ
㣬Ҳһѣ˭ԸΪһļȥѾ˼ѰѪΪأ
ԣܴһɵĸ׼ѾжΪˡ
ֻһʱ⣬񶫷ɵĸ׼ÿһңҪŻ֮ļ尾ԼѾֲסˣ
Ҳ֪һ峤£Ҳˣ
˭Ҳûа취ֹķҲΪʲôȻҲܽȴѾһԭ
㡭˵ʲô
ףҲǸֳһĨ˼𾪣
һԵĶɳֹӣһ˵ܹҸ׵ʱ֪ΪҪοңҺܸм㣡һٶġ
糾Хֹ˵ܹȣǻϣ
繫ӣǡ
ɲ֪Ϊʲô糾ХȻһεİ˵
ֱǲ˼鵽һĳ̶ȰҪ֪ǴǴ棬糾ХҪ˦׺üְֵ
糾ХɫȻĿŶɵﻹֹ֪ӵݣ
ʲôݰһʳμӶԳ˶ѡ
Щε˵ǻʳĵ۾أ
糾Х̾һðɣǵʲôû˵һҵǾÿԡ֮ѾҩɾȣǼȻֹа취Ļǵֹһأ
С㣬Ҿ÷繫˵ļǣ׻˵úãҽɣ峤ܼ尾ܹһ峤˵ʹ࣬ҾöǺ°
Ŷɣ÷糾Х˵ļΪе
ʱ˼˵а취ҲڴһӾܹƺˣܹһЩʹĻҲǼõİ
ɡһ
ҲԼĵǣϾԼ׵
ּ򲻹ǸոʶʱѣҪһʲôĵĻǵʱԼĸǸӵΣգ
˵ˣ֮涾
ҪôƵĻͻȥ취ˣõȵһ
׵˵鲻ǿˣҷеԭҲ˲˲áǶﲻ£Ǿ͵û˵ɣ
ţҡҲǲֹӣֹֻ֮ӼȻ֪Ӧ֪ΨһԽİ취ѪѪ
ʵǲܹóʲôѪֱǲܵ飡
ףȻ֪׵ʲô·Ƕ˵ʲô·ܱߵҪðɣ
׹ֹӣ۳ɹҶ嶼ˡֹΪ峤˷ǽⶾ
˼أ
һεĿ˶ɣҪȷһ£
ʵ֮ҲûƹѪߵȷУҲһЩģ
ΪСǻɹģѪ״⻹˵أ
СצĻǿ϶ûʲô⣡
ڹؼ㲻ط
Ҳǰٷ֮ٵȷһ飬ⲻǺ±ɻ
Ҫľȷһ£
ҡҲûֹκҸףԸǶĴ֮տΪ𣡡
ҧҧȻտ׼Ϊ
ڶɿԼ׵ΪĶ
ĿƺԼĸ׵Ļôһտʲôأ
Цŵˣβ粻˳٣ȻпյĻǲ硭
ֹӣ룡
Ҳ͸һӵĽ֮ɫΪڶɻ֮ǰûжã峤ĲѾǸһˣ
һ˵ȳŶԺ˹ȥԿó˿̶ɵϳ˽ŵζ
ϣܱûϣҪðɣ




2408·糾Хķ
 

ԺһͥԺ
סŵıǶȨʤ
ʤɵ۳۷ǿߣҲǶΪǿ
Ƕ֮ʤҲһЩģ
ֻⶫʤԴ˻֮֮弸һǧݣ
񼴱ڶ֮УҲǰ֣
ֹӣ״˾棡
ɴ˿̶еȻ˵ˣҲϣܹ漣
ȻΪ˻ֻǴţĳɷֶһЩ
Ƿ糾Хһ԰ǻҲЩо֣
ţ༰ˣȻһ𣬶Ȼɻĺˡ
׿Ŷɵͷ֮¾ɣȺ򼴿ɡ
ҡǲȥ𣿡
һ㶣ԭΪԼǿԽȥŵģû뵽һӻؾ
΢΢ͷֹ֮ǰԼǣ˲˲ãСߵֹӵĺϢɣ
Ƕ
ȻϴӦףĲʮֵ׵ˮ׼
Ǹղŷ糾Хļ仰¶ɻĺ¶ľģ
øڷϻˣһɣһҲҪСѪǲǺܴ
ԭ֮
ͷҲصĳԼ׵ķ˹ȥɼҪǰ䣡
ʱȴ糾Х
繫ӣ⵽ʲô˼ɿŷ糾Хʵ
֮ǰڶ´ԺſڷЩĻ糾Хǲ¤Ժĵһˣ
ڷ糾Хݱ֤ʵҲǶɶ׷ĵһҪԭ
С㣬ô繫˵أ繫ӻẦССĶ岻ɣ
ҲüŶ˵ѾزģֲǷҪ峤˲ǣ
οղŶѾ˵Լ̬ȣ
κˣտײŻǣ
ΨһԱ˵ǵĶҲտ˰ɣ
ЩҲ˵һҿԱֹ֤ӵֶξԲһܹġҿֹ˵ܹζ峤Ҿܴ󣡡
糾Хڳ׵ȷ׵ʵҲ֪λʥϵֶͨΣ
Ȼ˱˳֮Ϊɽ˼Ҵʥϵĸǰʲôأ
糾Х֮ǰҲǸոϷ۳Ϣ
ʥǿնɱ۳³ة³׵飬ڷ糾ХĴν
ΪʮǰǸʱĴʥϸ³׽ֵʱ򣬻һ㱻³ɱ
Źȥꣿ
糾Х붼쳣Ŀֲҷ糾Х֪һ㣬ǾλʥϾɽǿ֮һ
˵ģ˵Ϸ۳ѾǳΪ˴׻ʳˣ
˵糾ХλԼµĴʥϸǰǾǸѣ
λֹӾȻܹõ繫˵ҲһλˣֻʵڶѣҪ峤ˣ³ӵѪ֮⣬Ӧû;ˣ
Ҳ΢΢һֻ̾ҲĻѪ
糾ХŶɺͶ΢΢һ̾ڣǺǡ
繫Цʲô˼
ҲǱ糾Х˼һЦŪЩ֪˵ʲôˡ
糾Х΢Լ˫ۿһƬ᷿֪Ϊµ츳ʵΣ
繫ɽ̳ҲһٮٮߣȻΪŴˣ
ʵ˵Ļ糾ХŵĻɽûˣ
糾ХŶֹӱ֮Ҷԣֻиǿ
ʲʲô⡭ȷ繫ӻҪǿ繫ҪЦòã
ɱ糾Х仰Ūĳ׵Ȧˣֱ췽ҹ̷
һԵĶҲɻʵһʳССôҸ繫ȵ۳һأ⡭ʵǷѽĺܰ
ǰ繫ӣôǲе̧̫˰
ɿŷ糾ХҲƵʵȻ÷糾Х˵Ļʵ̫˲˼ˣ
Щ㵽Ϊֹɣ
糾ХҲЦЦԼ˵ˣ˻ŵĻԼûа취ˣ
οʥԼ¶ݣԼҲ鲻ǣ
ŷ糾ХЦ֮⣬Ҳ¶һ˿Цݵ繫ӼȻô˵ˣǲǾĿԴɣ
üͷƺ糾ХĻ˽࣡
ܾ÷糾ХǸּľٶֻ̫Ǿ˷糾ХôһȾƺҲȼһ˿ϣ
ֻǴ˿̣ȴ֪κ




2409øĶʤ
 

壬峤ʤķڣ
߽ȥһ̣ܵһȵϢ֮У
˿̣ڴͷһλӣϳֳһĨʹ֮ɫ
֮
ֶޱȣһڻ֮еĸо
ɵۼǿߣҲųܵʹ࣡
˽ʤԭŵ˫ۻȥһĨƣ֮ɫ
Ǻˣ
ʤüͷԭΪǶԼķ䣬û뵽Ȼһλİӣ
峤¶ɵѣּ򣡡
׿ŶʤҲ˵ĵϸԲδԱţ
ɶѣֹԶ´Ժ
ʤȻЩʹ࣬ǿ¶һ˿΢Цֻ΢ЦȥǿЦõָо
ڵĻ֮ĥöʤ̬һЩת䣡
һҪԼջǷˣ
ϾôĿ޲ųΪɵۼǿߣ˭ҲԸһ˿ϣɣ
΢΢ҡͷҲԶ´Ժ峤ùҵĵ֮κö峤Ĳ飡
ֹĪڿЦ
ʤҲЦԼĲ飿
Ѳһﻹ֪ԼеǴ֮еĻ֮
峤㿴ҵڿЦƵʵ
Ҳ֣˭ԼҪʤ֮ʱ򣬿Ҳ᲻мɣ
ϾѪ֮ǿһ㶫ܹģ
Ѱû֮ˣѪĽݣҲܹ羭ǿǿȵģ
ֹӣ֪еǻ֮
ʤ׵ӣһεĲȷʵ
׵ͷȻ֪ѪֻҲȷѪǷԶ峤ã
ֹӣ˵ʲôѪ
ʤǺڰ֮пһ˿һ㣬˼׵ĸǰʵ
ˣ
һ޴ҩѾǳ˶ʤĸǰ
ţһɫѪҺѸٵע뵽֮У
˲䣬֮бɢһǿϢ
֮Ϣ
Ҫ֪óѪСϵѪС֮ǰǿںϵһѪ
˵СϵѪ𺳼ģ
ֻڶʤ֪ʵԼЩԲ׼
֪СϲǴѪڶʤӦҲһЩģ
峤룡
һƣʤһƺûκεĻɣ
ͨ
룬ֱӽû֮У
࣬࡭
Ŷʤҩ֮УԭɫѪ˲ð˾޴ݣ
ڡ
ʤڣԭԾ쳣Ļ֮ʲôһѸٵĿʼڣ
ϴ֮ҪҵѪֱӾܸĨȥˣҰװ˷ôѪһˣ
С׵Ժ֮óСҲеִģ
ʵϳ֮⣬Сǿʲô࣡
ΪĽɣοСĴأ
Ѫ߹ޱȣ
ųôѪһˣ̫˷ˣ
ģСҲûκεķ
˭û˵أ˵Ҳˣ
Ҳû˵֮ǰһһֱڣº׿ɲСһˡ
СٺһЦϴҾ˵˵ѣʵѪ˵ţһëѣⲻΪϴ椴ƣԲѪ
ޣ
׷˷ۣСھȻҲҵ٩ԼˣҲޱȣ
Сһֵϴַ֮Ӿܹˣİɣһƺѹ˺ܳʱ䣬ڵЩ̥˰
ȷ氡û뵽һѪȻȹЧʤƺͻư
ҲЩ㵵Ŀ֮еĶʤСѪ̺һ˿ѪڲԼϵѪͻƵļˣ
ԭⶫʤɵ۳۷壬ܹͻƵĻǾø
֮ǰĻ֮Ȼ˼󣬲ȴҲһεĴã
ʱ䣬ȻķӦ
С׵ӣҲǰһϴ㡭ʲô˼һ²Ϊϴϴˣҿɲᡭ
СղŲ֪˭Ǵţ˵ⲻʲôţһëģ˰С𣡣
׿СһµɫҲЦ
ʱʱһζ
Ѿʮ֣˿̶ʤĵ֮ҲǷž˵ı仯
һﻹø
СףҲѸٵתŻ⣬Ҳǵͷ֮Ĩһ˿ľ⣡




2410С
 

ʤķڣ
˿̣ڳǿ쳣
ƺһ̣Ҫռ֮бѿ
Ϣоһҡҡ׹
׺СػһռĻһʤͻɵڣҲȥ˰ɣ
ĶʤԼЩƲסԼԼû뵽һܹͻƣ

ʤʱɫ쳣ĽţͻʧܣôõĻɾ˷ˣ
һ˷һλᣬǧڿҲûôõĻˣ
ʤҲǺõ죡
Ȼ֮ǰл֮ȴΪ֮ʼͻˣ
䣡
һը죬׺СĶҲһ֮
˵ʵҲ׵һοͻƣ
Լڵͻȣ̫ͻʵ̫һЩ
ﱬѣ
Ѿǵ˶ʤΪؼʱˣ¾㱸ֻǷ磡
ΨһҪȴǱǵһεںɣһںɣǱǱ־ɵͻˣ
ʱһһĹȥ
ڶʤѪĽ֮£ͻҲα
ͻɵʱһ֮ϣʤһ㣬ֱѹʱʱ䣡
һ
˿ٿʤ̥һİȻ׸Сĸǰ
һ̣ϳޱȵţ
ɵڣʤԼû뵽Լ֮˾ȻӵĻԵ
ø
ʤ˿ĵļ֪ˣҪ֪ʮ궼ûٳһλɵڵǿˣ
ϲ峤
׿ŶʤҲǵ˵黹ôĵȻ
ɵڣ
׵ĸǰʵҲ㲻ʲôǶʤҪΣѹ
ֹ֡ӣ˴ҶʤĲ֪Ӧôźˡ
ʤף˿̲ŷʵʵ
ɵ۳ڣ
֮һΪ׾ڣ֪˼ҵʵȴǱԼҪĶ࣡
豨붫Ȼʶʱ䲻ȴҲԵ֮ˣ׵˵ʵ峤иⲻ֪ɷ񡭡
ֹʣ֪ģ֪޲޲
ʤ˿΢΢óһأ
ȻڵΪԼʵ֮ҪǿһЩԼǱ˾ȵģǱ˵ĻûͻƵĻᣡ
ȶ飬ߣȺ
࣬ȻʵǿȴѰ١֪峤Ϊλᡭ
ҲЩƣ֮ȻΣ
ɸȤǣⶫʤô˵ģ
ֹ֪ӿ֪Գ
ʤףҲǳʵ
ԳȻ֪ⶫԳǶ۳һ¶ѣôأ
׾㵵ĿŶʤû뵽ⶫʤĻ֮ȻԳйأ
֮ǰһֱΪⶫԳǶ۳ץһЩѣ
û뵽ⶫ۳ȻܹץסļһУ
ֹӲ֪ⶫԳʲô
ʤ΢΢ҡͷȻԳƺ֮Ҫӵأ
ü峤ĻµЩˣⶫԳѲɻʲô֮𣿡
ֹӿ֪ⶫԳΪʲôʤЦʵ
ѵǶ۳𣿡ɻʵ
ȻǣԳʵ˵һƬռ䣬һƬռ䱻׳ΪС壡
ʤףҲǳ
ʵԳ֪˲࣬𿴶ڲǶ۳Ķ壬ɵĶ켫һʱʱҲǶ۳ĳ壡
ԣ֮ܶ¶廹֪ģ
С壿˵ΪʲôһԳأܲԼԹԵĽȥŸŵɣ
׾ⶫʤ˵ЩˣҲ֪ʤȻ˵ôƶӦ滹źܶ಻Ϊ֪Ķģ
ֹӣⱾӦǶ۳ܣĶ۳ѾģҶΪ۳ȴ˵³Ҳʵ˺ġֹӼȻҶʤľˣȻҴţ
ʤף֮һĨԥ֮ɫ
ܿ죬ƺᶨԼ뷨
׿ŶʤЦŵʲôɸ˵ܵĻҲȶ峤
ʵȻ֪ɿŶʤӣʵ֪֪Ҳν
Ƕʤ˵ˣȻҲҪ֪ⶫԳʲôˣ
ֹǶ۳֮ˣʤһεĿ׳ʵ
Ȼ峤̹ĳڲҴҲû̫ˡ¶һ˿ǳЦ˴׻ʳף




2411¶Գ
 

׻ʳף
⼸֣ԭһݵĶʤһεľ㵲ѣ
׵ӣ֮бŷҲһľ֮ɫ
ûû뵽ȻǴʥϣ
ʤĶ֮ɫҲʿˮʵ
Цŵ峤Ҵ֮¿Ҳ֪һЩ
ԡȻ֪ʥϵĺֻǴʥͻȻҶ壬ʵҶܳ
ʤҲһϻ̳Ͽ֣
ʵȻʤл֮淢ȴ֪һ
ϾϢΪǣ㲻֪֮£
ʵһʼ۳ײû̫ĹעȻϷ۳۳̫³۬ͻ
ڶ۳ĸ߲㿴ǲ˵һʱѪնѣ
⵽ͷվҪԿͷģ
Ϊ׻ʳҲǼʮʱ䣬⻹Ǹ߿˴׻ʳһˣ
׻ʳսңʵ۳Ҳһ
ֻǺʥϵͻȻع飬ƽϢһսҶѣ
Щ鶼ǵﶫ۳ĳǿжȤ
׹Ŀ࿴ģǰһնɱ۳³Լة³׵ˣ
Ȼ۳ûڳԸ׻ʳȴһεˢ˶ڴ׻ʳ֪
ǿ
˵Ĵ׻ʳˣ
۳նɱ֮ˣʲôǲأ
ʤէһ׵ݵʱȻǾĪˣ˵ʵû뵽Ȼλ֮еԼ
һʱ䣬ԼоЩ˼
׿ŶʤӣҲǵ˵Ȼ峤֪Ҵ׵ĴȻҲ֪Ҵײϣ۳֣
⡭Ȼ
ʤΪһ֮ôǶжϲĻְ̫ˣ
׳޴еĿıΪƻⶫ۳֮ϣ峤Ҫޱܲźã
ʥϷģҶڶ۳вǴʥܹȡ֮ǶԽҸͶ𣡡
ʤҲǳ
΢΢׵ĻҲ˵˭ܹⶫԳĵһʸ򶫷۳ĵ۾һ
һεȷˣʤͷҲԭġ
Ŷ峤֪ٵ鰡׿ŶʤҲЦʵ
ʤһ˵һεĶԳԭҶͷģ
Ŷ⵹ˣ֪ӦѾЩûˣ˴֮ҲûжĴ˰ɣ
üŶʤҲ벻ͨⶫ۳Ǹʲôļܹˣ
һλһļ干ͬеԳ飿ϰ
ʤЦŵҲΪʲô˵Գ۳֮ˣʵ֪Գܵ۳Ҳᳬˣ
ҲޱȵĻԻͰ
˶ʤ˼֪Ȼû䣬ɱ֮˵ļ廹Щ̵ģ
ⶫԳأӦҲǶĵ̰ɣ
ʤЦЦԻѾΪȥʽˣһ򶫷۾һǵ۾ōԶµġҲŹōԼ뷨桭
ʲô뷨׽ӿʵ
ʤʵōϣ۳̫ܹһεĹھ򶫷۳ף۳˳µ𣿡
ֲãⶫ۳Ѿ𣿡ЩƵʵ
ǶˣɹōȻϣӶв𣿡ʤЦŵ
³۬ͻƵɵ۳ڣҪ׵¹ھҲǲ̫ܰɣ֪һѧԺĺҲμһεĶԳʵҪ³֮۬ϰ
ЩɻʵȥһεĶԳƺûôļˡ
ʤЦŵѧԺĺҲμӣҲ˵ˣӦʱ⣬ɾѧԺΣһѾǼȶʵ
ⶼƾʵ˵ɣаĿռ䣿Цʵ
ʤʥϿ֪һΪˣ
ӦǸԳй˰׵˵
Գʵ忪ս֮Ĳ弸½ֻǺȴλɵۺڵǿǿзӡγһƬԳ
ʤ˵˶Գܣ
Ҳüͷ壬ֲñ֮ΪС壬˵
ֻⶫ۳ΪܹŶԳأѲⶫԳΪ˶۳˽пռ
Ҫ֪Ȼǿ߷ӡӦҲǿ߰ɣ




2412ɵĶ۳
 

ʤķ֮У
һĳģ˿̵ȴ֪һЩԳΪ֪ܣ
ʤһε֮ƺҲǸĿÿ
ɵۺڵǿ߷ӡֹһ
׿ŶʤʵԴ¿ȥҲȤʮ㣡
ʤͷ֪ӦòλɵۺڵĳǿߣԻΪۣշӡ
ѵ˵ⶫԳĽ½ޣ
׵֮ҲĨһ˿ĺȻλɵǿΪ۵ķӡ
ݶϵĴ壡
ǵΪѰĺƽǴһǱ岻ѵģ
ɵۺڣ
Ҳһ֮ңȻһ̤ƣ
Ѿ׶Σʲôǲܵأ
λɵۺڵǿߣһ˰
ʤ΢΢һ֪̾˲ֻ࣬ܶΪ屻ȴ֪ôһξĶǵĹ档˵λǰ壡
ȻΪʲôڶԳȴΪ˶۳أƺ̫ϺϾλɵۺڵǿӦòǶ۳֮˰ɣ
һεĿ˶ʤԳصɴƺһҲǻĽҿˣ
νǲʤλǿҲǱ²ʱ⶯ֻ֣йōҸ׵֪
ʤ̾һλɵۺڵǿĶȴΪ˶۳Ķⲻò˵һַ̣
ȻֻǷӡӦöŰɣʵ
ʤͷô˵ɣԳɫɫǿкܶ࣬Ȼûɵۺڵ𣬿ɵ۳ڵҲżʮ֮࣬ɵڵĴڡ
Ȼˣλȱˮ֮аҲ̾һ
ʤͷǰһʧôĴҲǺһεصޡ¾Ҫܵūˡ
峤˾ڶԳܵ˻Ĺ£׳ʵ
ʥ˵ûֻһǱ֮ʤЩҧгݵ˵
ţô£ôֳϹϵˣ׿Ŷʤһʵ
ʤ΢΢һ̾Ҷ˹֪֮Ȼһһˡֻû뵽ō侹ȻôĴ
ΪҪǽأ׿Ŷʤ
ʤԭܼ򵥣ǱǾȡ޵ڵ³۬ΪһεĵһΪμӶԳ֮ˣ׼ЯУ
Ϊ˷ֹװɣ׳۳Ҫ˭ʤƺҲܼ򵥰ֻôȥǿޣǱɣ
ȻǣԳȻǿ򣬿ǿ붫۳žЭʤ
Э
׸һͷˮⶼĸİ
ӦˮݵģôܴʲôЭأ
ʤ̾һνľЭʵһЭã
岻죬ΪʲôӦ۳أƵʵ
ʤΪ۳ӦˣȵһʱͻĽ˸ųȥ
ҶˣֻЩ㲻ⶫ۳ΪҪôأһ©ʱ򶫷۳׵尡׳
ȻΪ˲ţ佫һֱѹߣǻʵսһЩ˲أʱ򶫷۳ͿЩ˲𣿡
ʤ֪۾ō뷨һεĶԳţōΨһĿľ³۬ùھ
һΪʲôأѲѾЭ˲ɣ
һεʵ
ֵļΪΣһӦ֮ĳֽף
ʤҲε˵ʵʮֵԼΪʲô
׵ͷһεĶԳ֮еЩ˼ˣ
ʥʵǷұӦõģһδʥϿҪСˡο۳죬ҪСΪ
ʤʵҲֻ֪ǾôһҪСΪˣ
ԭΪⶫԳǸѧԺ֮ǵһʢᣬ֪ˡ
ⶫ۳ҪĳλʵҲһѵ飡
ϾԳǺΣԵģ
Ǻǣ³۬ҵкܳʱûмˣ֪ʱһҪˣǶ۳֮ڲأ
׵Ҳֿһ˿ЦһԵĶʤ𾪵Ŀף
Ҳ֪лĻȻ³۬飡
ֻ׸ʤĵĻ죬ȴѾǽһƬˣ
˿̵Ķɺ޲ֱӳȥźãǿղ᷿֮һ֪׷ʲô顭




2413¼͵Ķ
 

ʤķ⣡
ɺͶȻǸܵóı仯
Ȼ׺С𼸺ƻ͵޶ȣʵϻһ˿˿ı仯
ڶʤͻ֮һƺֹƽˣ
ֻ׺ͶʤĵһʱҲûг
ɾ֮ǰʤͻ֮ƻöͶļ٣
ǲ֪浽׷ʲô飬ǼڵҪ֪ʤڵǸʲô״
С㣬ʲô
һסˣΪŮĶƺûôˣ
Ƿ֮һεû˶ҲǼȹϵϣ
ɱסҲǵԼ۾ղ涯ô󣬿϶Ƿʲô飬Ǹ׳µĻҡܲһ涼ɣ
֣峤˺鸣죬ôܳأ
Ŷ˵ɥĻҲƵ˵
ǡղš
ɲ֪׷ʲô飬ΨһҪľҪȷԼĸ׵ǲ£
ĳµĻԼԼһ涼ˣ
ҪĻνľԼĸ׵ĿģҪˣ
һԵķ糾ХŶɳӦûʲô󰭣ĳµĻֹӦѾˣ
˭˭֪ʲô˼أ
ЩˣͶûκεģڿ˵״ȻǸӵİͲסԼˣ
繫Լǣĳ飬ֹô᲻أοε;УһЩҲ飡
ǶǾΣǽȥҲ޷ɣһ棬һиʲô飬ĵ˶ûУ
Ҳ֪ʱʵǴԼ
׽ȥԼĸףͬ˵顣
ڳһ״Ͳ˼ҵĻǵԼΪжϲ
ʵɻϣܹԼĸ׵ģ
ڳоԼЩⲻˣ
糾ХֹӼȻ˵а취žһа취Զ´ԺӦҲǼˣֺαڴզզأ
繫ӣҡҲ˼
Ҳɫһ죬ȷԼھǲˣ
糾ХӦ֪峤еǴ֮еĻ֮޽Ĵڣֹİ峤ѾϣˣֹӾβأǶ˵û̫ʧɣ
繫ӣΪһֱǸһ˵Ҽǵ񲢲ʶֹӰɣ
Ҳһƣ糾ХҪݣҪʵʵ
ȻղҲ˵׵ƺЩ
ڲڷ糾ХǰӦҲμ穵İɣ
ֻΪλ糾Х繫һֱڰǸһ˵أ
ǼһʵҲڶѣԼ磡
ҲǶһֱ벻ͨĵط
һԵĶʵҲƲѣɵ뷨࣡
糾Х˵Ƴ籸Ҳûйѯʣ
ڼȻˣҲûֹΪҲͬľкģ
糾Х˵ֹӵԺǾͻ֪ˡֻ˵һ㣬ֹ˵а취Ӧþʹˣ
ֹ֪Զ۳繫ӻϷ۳̳˸Ӷš
ƺЩģΪʶײǻԵɺ϶ѣ
һҪԼĸƣò׵Ķˣ
һΪԼϵտ׵ĻԼĸΣˣ
糾Х̾һЩ鶫ûǲҪ֪Ļ֪Ķˣ»ͽգ
繫ԼǣС㣬ҿ繫ӵĻԵƬ̰ɣ
ҡһҲȲˣ
ɵļȻ糾Х˵컨׹ܾЩԾ
ƽ޹ʵľͷˣоһжǳΣ
ѪΪʲôҪԼĸأ
ɲ˽ף֪ʵһԶΪˡ
Ϊ׾øʦЩԵ֣ųȵģҲǶɵĸˣ
ȻˣҲǵõһЩ벻ջ
Ȼ˵ĻǶԱɡ
糾ХҲһΣŮ˲ʱûУ
οŮ˸ŹϵǲҶԶʲô̬ˣ
֨
ڶɶһĳŶʤķ߹ȥʱʱȴַſˣ




2414𺳵Ķ
 

״ˡ
ɸոߵһʱȴѾǿˣ
ڵǰҲǣҲǣ
ԼһϵĿԼҲǲ˼ĺ˶ʤһ
Сɣʲô
ʤʱĶο
οԼŮһֱԼİȫԼŮǲ°
״ˣҡֻǵġ
˵ЩͰ֪ͣԼĸѾˡ
Լ׵ӣҲԼĸϾԼĸл֮ĻǸӵ˺
ϽֹӵǸ
ʤŶһ˵֪ԼŮĸԣҲĿ˵
ǸҡҲûôɣƵ˵
һЦǺǵ˵޷޷峤ˣ
Ѿͷͱҹ߻ˣðֹӻֹˡﰡ
ʤȻ֪׵ݵģǹ
ԼɵڵǿΣ
Ҫ֪λʥǿ۳նɱ˰
ʤΪԼɲλ۳³Ķ֡
ο˼һԼľˣӦö˹ǣ
磬㡭Ļ֮
ŶʤʱӶɳˣ
֮һʧӰ٣
öо㵵ǣȻоԼЩԼλˣ
豹棡
оԼĴ͸ԼһָоΪĻǴĲ飡
Ҫ֪ʤĺģǶʤû˵Ļʱڿ϶ûˣ
ڿԼĴ֮ȻʧӰ٣ƺЩŵĿԼĴ磡
ǺǣһлøлֹӰ
ʤһεĳ׹ַԷθĸлװģ
ʲʲô״Ѿˣ⡭ôܣ
ɸղŶԼ׵죬ҲԼĶţ
ֻǵ˵ԼϵĻ֮û˵ʱҲǸͨһ
Լˣ
Լĸ˵֮ⷬȷԼĸϵĻ֮϶Ǻˣ
ô˼ƺϣΪܹʤЦ
ҡҾǸо˼ѡ⡭һκˣôκõİ
ɲŵĿף漣һ̶̵һ칦˵Ǵ漣
һ漣Ȼ˵ˣĪλκ˵Ķ´ԺһŮȻӦһԷˣ
ڶ漣ȻǾл֮ĸף
һöɾ°͵֣
һʱ䣬ɿף֮Ҳĸл
ղҾ͸˵ˣֻǶƺȽϵĸҡ糾ХҲЦŵ
ԡԲֹӣ
һȻ£ԸһǾԲģ
һˣ׵ķˣ
װڰֵ붫峤ǻݻѣȻκ˶峤Ļ֮峤ҲһЩҲ֪ˣǹӮ
ֹҪڶСסգʤҲЦʵ
鷳ˣһỹиԼ
ҲˣԼĪ̻иԼأ
ζ˶ӣʵϣ̫˵ĹעʱָҪǳʲô鷳³أ
Ȼײ£Ҳ̫ǣ
ֹκεҪҶʤǣ
ʤ׼ҪȥӣҲһιĳ׵ķҾ
öҲǾ㵲ѣ
ǳڱ˵ĶҪ֪ʤԶ۳۾ōҲѣ
峤˼ĳףڣ֣߰ɡ׿һ۶ʤȻתŷ糾Х˵
ȥҴҵıӰԼоһΣ
峤ˣĻֹ֮κõģ׵ԶȥҲǳʵ
ʤͷȻֹԺҶʱֹӲǲ
ףȺõģҲɣŶʤĻҲһ
ҲһǶǱѵ۳ǿҪİ
ֹӣҲǹӲдնѣʱ˾ʲôأοһֹӲңͻɵڣ
ʤ˵Ѿ˾
磬ͻˣ⡭ֹӵʲôݰȻˣȻû⡣Ƕ۳Ҳ㣡Щŭ˵
״ˣּ򵽵ʲôͷǸڶѣôҿǷ糾ХȻûˡǷ糾ХϷ۳ĳŰ
һڴĿŶʤڸеҪ֪׵Ǹʲôͷ
ʤŶɺͶӣ¶һ˿ЦݵּӦýף




2415¶ʤѡ
 

壬ʤķ֮У
Ͷɶ׵൱ִԣ
Ȼ֮ǰ糾Х˵ôڶͶɿһı֯ƭһ㣡
Ǹּļһﲻڵľ磬ôܵõ糾ХĳŵǴһ˿ĳأ
ţ
ɲǸּôţ
ҲͣټԼĸǱκˣһͻˣ
öͶһִ۾ĸо
ûϣ˵ľأʵһַ˼ĸо
˶ʤ˵׵֮󣬶ɺͶͬʱڵ
ף
ܻһεĳǵҰ֮У
ֻһεĳָһֶĤݵĸо
˵һ˵׵ֵʱ򣬴ҶһǲҪĻôһǾĿ÷ˣ
۳̫ӷͻò֪ݣ
ôնɱ۳ֻ˵һʵ̫ˣ
ԣɺͶ֪׵֮ĿɿڴĿŶʤһʱ䶼˵ˣ
֮
ʿˮ峤ˣĪǾǴ׻ʳλ۾ɣ
ֲùֲã֮ǰ˵Լڶ۳ĳʳ׻ʳǶ۳ĳʳ𣿡
һӳ׵Ļعˣ
Լ׸ˣˣ۵ΪĳʳѧԺνţ
˼ݾȻǻʳĵ۾
Ȼˣһʳĵ۾£ڶȼǰһССĻʳ
Ǵ׻ʳѾһеĴˣ
Ҳ̾һ۲ʶ̩ɽԭΪǷ糾Хڿ糾Х˵ûӦλ׵۾
˵ʵʥҼΪˬ֮ˣ
ʤҲ̾һ׵ӡνǺõ˼㣡
״ˣտ׸𣿡ҲǿԼĸʵ
ʤɻĿһ۶ɵտףûа

ͣ˼뿪ʱᶼûᣡ
ԭС֮ĶȾ֮
ҲǱžž찡˼ҵһտ׸㲻ʲôɣ
˼ôʶʾأ
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һԵĶЦŵ磬С֮ǰ˵ֻҪʥκĲ飬Ըտסֻû뵽ʥ֮ʣȻᶼûᣡ
żȴʥϰߵˣʱڷϼɣʤ΢΢һЦ
ɫһû뵽ȻǴ׵۾֮ǰ˵ĻһΪǶʲô̥أ
˵Сô룬ҲôģҲЦŵ
ʤͷǣǴʥϲ˵ԼݣҶǿ˰һζ۳֮¡
ʥҪƻ۳Ҳ𾪵ĿŶʤʵ
Ŀǰ֪һҪܣ֪𣿡ʤ
ͷ磬ʥ϶Ҷ֮飬ҵȾҲԲܳʥϵģ
Ҳǵͷ۳ҪҶأǿɻΪˣ
磬мҵֵĺܣǷ糾ХϷ۳¤ԺĵһţǴʥϳͣ˵Ҳ˵׷λʥϰɣοǸʥߵ̫ǵ۳𣿡
Ҳ˵Լɻֻɻ󶫷ʤҲ֪
ʵΪʤл֮Ļ֮ҲûκεĻԵˡ
ȻˣһջΪɰɣ
ʤ΢΢ҡͷһҲЩ֣ʥϼȻҸ۳а壬Ϸ۳ϣҾҲûʲôֵģ
ðɣֶֻѣѾͻɵڣǶԱӦû̫ˣֻǴ硭
ƺЩԥԼò˵Ļü֮Ҳһ˿ԥ
ʤŶֵ֮䣬˵޷
磬ʱʥڵ۳ΣҶҪ𣿡ʵ
ֻٲǰɣʤһ۶ʵ
ͷ磬壬ҾǴʥ϶Ը˵ˣ弴ǳ֣ӦҲǷɶ˻𣡡
Ƿɶ˻ҶʤҲԸ⣡
ʤɫһ˵㳯Լķ˹ȥ
ͶЩĿŶԷǴӶʤпһּᶨ֮ɫ
ʱ׺ͷ糾Хǰζ




2416ζĽ
 

ζĳ֮У
׺ͷ糾ХǱߣԭӦ׸Ī̼ӣ
ֻڶһ糾Хѣ
׵ǾûʲôĪҪԼߵģ
ΪȫԸҪƻ溷³֮۬
ʥϣû뵽ȻǵüգǳХû뵽鰡
糾Хԭλϣ˵ߵʱվҾ
ݸһЦûмǴĻ֮ӦûκεĽΪη־˵ƶأ
ʥӦʶҳ̫Ӱɣ糾ХҲЦŵ
׵ͷȻʶ
Х̫ӵֵܣ̫ӵҲ볾Х˵һЩйشʥϵ¼˵ʵҲʶʥϣּ֡
糾Х˵ߣ֪Ϊʲô糾Хʱôƶˣ
Լõ˷糾Хע⣡
ЦŵԺ󻹵Ļ
ʥʵˣʥϵʵǶ۳ӦҲǻʥһЩӵİɣ
糾ХҲЦЦҲ֪Ϊʲô׵˵Լݣ
׵۳ɣ۳Ҵ۳֮ĹϵطӦҲ֪İɣ
̫ӵ˵Ϸ۳׻ʳѾΪʽѣǴʥκεķԸХȻ岻ݴǣ
糾Хף֪Ϸ۳Ĺϵ
ѵĹϵҲ׽ˡ
΢΢ҡͷ⵹ã˴֮УΣءΪϷ۳ĲߣǲҪΪã
Ǵʥϡ糾Х׼˵Щʲôȴҵû׻ûеֵزأ
ʥϣ֪ͻȻٶ۳Ϊ£ӦòǲμӶԳô򵥰ɣǴʥϲ˵Ǿ͵Хûʣ
糾ХҲҪ׵Ҫʲô
Ҳ֪״Բôļ򵥣Ҳ˳һʣ
ЦŵʵҲûʲô˵ģ۳Ҵ׻ʳڶ۳ڣ۳Ӧ֪ҴΪεİɣ
ȷʵҵҲû뵽ⶫ۳ȻһǶϷ۳ʱҲǺ¡Ҫ֪Ϸ۳ñ۳л
糾ХȻ֪׵ıǴ׻ʳ
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վϷ۳ĽǶȣҲǲϣⶫ۳۳ˣ
׵ͷȻˣҴеĿľͺܼˡ
˻ʥĪҪƻⶫ۳֮ɣ
糾Х㶵ĿףҲǵһ
񣡣
ʵ̫ˣ
ôҲû뵽ʥϴеĿľȻ˵ĺΰ
ƻ۳֮ʲôأ
Ҫ֪׿ǣ۳ĸݵذ
ŭ˶۳ĻҪ߳ǿѶҲǷǳĴ󰡣
ǺǣֺαشС֣ΪҴ׵İΣҲòô
Ҳε˵ʵΪ˵ĻùЩ£
溷ԼνĻԼǲһЦѣ
Ե棬Ҳ֪ǸЦ
ֻЦҲòˣ
ڵʱ۳֮ĶԹӦⲻһսˡ
ֻҪƻǱǳɹģ
糾Хһʥϣ黹˼а˴۳쳣ӣʥһǰʱҲͻѵȺǰ
۳֮ҪסңҲÿûˣ
׵Ĩһ˿ŵЦݣ
һݵݵȣǷ糾ХҲ̾磡
ȻҲ֪׵ģԿóλʥϼ˵Ҳûκεĵǣ
Ȼ糾ХνţڲľãԼλʥȼֱǸ
֮ǰǰԼʲôţΪԼжô˲
Ǹʥܱ
ڷ糾ХǸʥϸͲһ֮ϣ
糾ХҲ˵ʥϹȻǺ죬ХﳾХңףʥ쿪ʤ³ɣ
˾ǱţǱıߵĪ̵ĵ
ŮԼҪٵģ
ֻǴ˿̵ζƺۼԽԽˣΪҪĪζԼϢѾ˺ܶ˵ע⣡
ˡ
ĳһ̣׺ȻһԵķ糾ХЦŵ
糾Хһ㶣漴ͷȻʦãʥϺø
̹Ǽҹ̹¥һ𣡣
׺ͷ糾Хڰ֮׼ȴĪ¥ʱ¥ȴһ




2417һλʥɽװߣ
 

ζ
˵Ŀⶼ˸ոսеĪ̵ϣ
Ī̾װģ˶һĸ̣
ѲĪ̼һļһȻ˵ӣ
Ҫ֪´Ժ˻ûмĪΪ˭Ĵأ
ڼǸּļһȻ߾ĵװ磬ǻü˰
Ľʺޣ
һ˵ҲˣǵиӦһĨ֮ɣ
ֻǾ׼Īּ̺򼴽Ҫһ̣ǺȻֿԿˣ
Ҿ˵Ǽһﲻô˳ļĪ̵İɣⲻ鷳ˣ
ߣһڵļһǶ´ԺһĴڣȻõ̹ðˣã
ϣܹɱһɱһ簡ǳ֣
ҿӦþǺҵ˰ɣһѧԺԣʲô³
һʱ䣬Ⱥ鼤ߣ
ʵһĹϵûУĲǳԲ˵һֲ̬
ԼòĶҲϣԼ˵õ
ο˶֪ĵõĪ̵һְ
õ壬Բժ
ȻҪõỊ̄ǿµøΪصĴۣۻ
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ֻȴû뵽Ī˵ĲԼӣ
Ī̿ЦһѾ˵ԼˣĶǲǳˣ
㡭̹ǼҹҪˣû˭Ҿܾأ
в
һŨصв֮⣬˭ܹóģ
ǵʲôˣҶ۳ڵأĪҪﵷҲɣ
ĪЦһҲŭ죡
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˵һӣһȴѾĸǰγɣֱӳ׵ķȥ
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ζĴ֮УȻ˸Ҷ֣ò˵ƺûκεĹ˼ɣ
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˶֮ʣһɤѾǴζĴ
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һӰ˵ĸǰ
糾Хԭ֣ûеȵ֣Ѿǳͷˣ
ΣòҪ֣
˿ˣҲǷһ˿Ц
ƺǰŮӷС
Σɽ糬֮һҵĴС㣬ζǻҵĲҵ
Ȼɽ쳣ĵ͵ǵʵȴӹɣ
οˣҲһ¼ĪҪ̫ζĹκ˶ƣ
׵סˣԭҪһһЩѵ
û뵽Լ֣ȻѾǵԼĸǰ
ȻѾ֪ǵݣӦ֪¼ҿɲǻܹǵģҼҹ뺫Ҷپ¥ϣĪǻҪ¼ҺͺԲɣ
˵ֿһ˿ЦǸ߸ϵӣ˺ܲ
Σһɫɷף
û뵽ǰ֮˾Ȼ˵ͱˣҪܣǳȥˣζɲҰĵط
ˣ
εɫ쳣ѿƺҲ˶Ũصв֮⣡
躣Ǹʲô
⣡
һŲ¥ϴ˳ʱ¥֮ˣ
һ׵ϤĺܣǱǺ
һ˿ȥƺͲʶˣӦþǸʲô¼ҵĹӰɣ
񴺮
ο֮ˣҲ֮дһ˿ɫ
Ǹ񴺮аһ¥ϴİƱԼеľһȻС㣬ɾͲ̫˰ҹܽ޷ֻҪ̹ȱƶѡ
Ҳʶ㣬ҲûȤĪ
˿ɲϲ˾ܾС㣬ȰһȰλ̹񴺮֮дһ˿ݾܾζ
񴺮㲻Ҫ̫ˣ
֮һڣ̹ﻹûгֵĻǱӱζ٣¥ɡ
񴺮ı֮ʼմһ˿ţƺƿһУ
׿ƨļһҲεҡҡͷ
װģûë




2418еɵɵĻС
 

Σ
˿͸һҧгݵζĸ񴺮Ľ֮Уƺûռκεıˣ
˵ƺɽĸߣʵʥɽЩʲôأ
βֲˣǿȨҲûеɽ
̹
βʶỊ̄ΪĪ̺ٳţ
һεʵҲ֪һϾѾǴǣ
ԭҲҪζʲôˣȻʵһֻ̤ɵۼŮ
ֻǻθոռˣ͸ζһΣ
ûа취֪ҿ¶ﲻ¼ңֻܹˡ
ζı񴺮ˣԺζ
С㣬ȰȥǸһİĻǻ⿪ڰɣ
Ī̿ŻΣκεĻᣡ
̹ǻط˵ɡ
ɫҲ൱ѿⲻˣ
ھһĸоԼôⲻˡ
ζǵ⣬ıĪ̵ĻԺζҲˡ
οĪ̱´ԺҪȾܹȵģ
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ת˿Ị̄Ҳǳ¥˹ȥ
ڣ
Ī̾׵ߣ糾Х˶棡
οˣջ̲סȿڵ̹ҪȰ㣬ֻǡ
ֻʲô˵˲ȥͲȥĪǿӲ˵
̹Ż֪¼ҵͷɣγ
׿ŻεСȻ£Լȥˣ
㡭Ͳ𣿵¼ҵˣһˣ
οһ壬ҲЩһ
鲻ˣ
׵˵ζ£
ǺǣôôĹִأɽڲûգô򵥵ĵѲǶ𣿡
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׿ŻҲ΢΢һЦȻһҪĻȻҲǷ㵽ף
ʥɽΣ
Ȼ㲻ȥֻӭѶˣ
㡭ӵʲôطȥξһ
˵ĻʱԼԲ˶ˡ
ಣ
¥һ࣬Ǵͨģ
ƺûзӦʱȴ׵Ѿʧ˷֮У
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鼱֮£ҲֱӸ˹ȥ
Ҫ׵ߵĻ¼Ǳ߿¶ѽ
˵ĻԼҲ·ˣ
Ѳ½ڻΪһССĳͻǻʲô
һ֮
ξ׺Ī̵˵ȷģ۲Ϊˣ
ĳɽ֮У
̹ֹӣǵĵʵ̫ˣ
Ŀ׺Ị̄Ҳһε˵
ǣСǲ۰ΪôǾܹȥǸһˣ
׿Żɫ䣬Ů˻Լ°
η˷۵ѲǼһɣǶˣҲҲҲˣ
ŶǺǣô˵Сǵ뷨һˣ׵Ц
û뵽⻨ξȻҲôĹȻһ˳
һԵķ糾Хɽ糬ǿߣ¼ȻʥɽĴ壬վҲΪһС뻨ҷġοһεĿ겢
繫ӣʵЩǵΪλֹӣôĳ˼ѲɾΪһŮˣ㻹ĵҲ
οףҲ˴Ĵָ
Сֺαôأ˵ˣʵûжĹϵ߻üһ߶߲ˣ
׿Żε˵
û˵Ѿˣ̸ʲôأҲ֪뿪İɣһ·û֪ģ
С·ʱѲɾͲ֪һԼϢ𣿿㻹ɻʾ֮ˣһĳʶҲûа
Щε˵ŮǲĻǰҪ׷ѰԼټ޿ܣ
ȥŮƺЩɵɵӣ
ֻһжѾˣ
ȻˣҲûпĶأôĸΪǵӣҲΪĲˬ
ԼŮŴ⵽˵ƣΪˣ׻ʲô͵أ
ʲô˼űСʵߣһڵļһҲ˵ңοԱʵô׷
һʵļһﾹȻԼҲһ
ಣ
ʱӰѾǳһƬƺн׵˷ɱĸо




2419Ϊǵ´
 

ȻӣǽҵĻ˶Է簡
ڴʱ
ղǸ񴺮ӣûһĳ˵ĸǰ
Ǻûг֣ƺıԼ󣬲Ը뵽鵱У
ϾĿỊ̄ϲĪ̾ǿ
ʵ񴺮ҲǹμӶԳģͬѧԺ
˵˺֮񴺮ҪΪͷ
ΪˣǿԼѹĪ̵˵Ļ˻˵䲻
񴺮Ͳһˣ˿ûѹ
ټһĪܾ̾ʮֵĲˬ
񴺮ĪʲôҲܶԻʲô
һεҪĿģΪ˸ͷǸڶ´Ժſƺҳɹּˣ
㡭ôˣ
ɫһ䣬ʵû뵽һﾹȻĸˣ
ղڸۣһ˾Ѿǳ߷Χ֮У
ΣõĺܡһαӵĿ겻㣬ڹһȥ
񴺮ܻε뷨ںĳһĺŻΣ
ɫһһף
Сûܹ˵裡
ɽȴˣһ˵ܴ裡
βδ뿪ƺڱԼϣ
һԵķ糾Х񴺮´٣ɲҪͱˣ
糾ХղűӾͿˣ챾ֻΪ̹ҵȺȱƶѣ
񴺮Ī˵
Σ
Ī̸ղſ񴺮һʱѾ֪ͷСˣ
ΨһĵľףҲԲܸ񴺮ߵģ
ܹһⲢһ˵飡
ƢϲǺһȵǵĻҿɲŹô˰
񴺮޼ɵĿỊ̄Ŀ˿ûκεıܻ䣡
׿񴺮Ȱ׳յģҲû˵ȮһҷͣʵŸо̶
㡭˵ʲôû˵һ飡
񴺮ԭΪԼѾƿһУǸּļһӦһɪɪŶԣ
ȴָôһ°
һȻеԼһʱ񴺮оԼ첻ʶˣ
ͿƲסҲʹ˰
΢΢ҡͷһԵĻһµЦ˳ƺоЩԾ죡
ֻǻҲû뵽һĵӾȻ˵ĵز
񴺮һǲҪ
֪ԼҪˣأ
ӣ¼ʵ̫͵˰һССȻҲôү˵ˡ
񴺮Աߣһվˣ
˼һɫɵڵǿߣ˵ݿƺ
ֻԼʵֻҪñ֪һ㲻֪ġ
ɵۺڵĳǿߣɵڵǿߣһҲǲܿó׵ʵģ
ҢȥҰһ˺ˣ
񴺮¶һ˿֮ɫ
ԼļһоǿĳСһ㣡
ЦһĪΪǾûʲô취ˣ
ˣ
׵ƶȻﻹ𾳽֮ˣɵۼǿߣ
㡭㾹Ȼʵһкö
ǸҢĻףһ㶣ܿ¶һ̰֮ɫ
ɡɵǿߣ
Ҳڵ֮ǰЦˣһƺ˸žžĴ
һﾹȻʵֲҸŮˣԭҲһز¶ĸְ
ֻǻθоһĿϧǿߣעҪˣ
ʥɽ¼ҵ˶ϣ֮أ
񴺮Ҳһ㶣漴¶һмɫߣװŪ챾ӲƤӾͲ£
ʲôûйϵȴΪӣ
ӣô໰ʲôѿ֮ʲôأ¼Եˣûһܹأ
Ңֿһ˿̵Цݣƺ׷У
һԵĪЩǵĿ׵Ϲа𣿡
Ϲ
񴺮ͻεɴ۾Ị̄Ī̸Ǹּزʶ
û뵽ռĹ򣬾ȻϹˣ
񴺮˵ߣԭҲǸˮŮˣӻΪʲôŮءҢɱ
һʱ䣬ƬռһѪζ
ҢٺһЦɱһֻôļ򵥣
׵˵仰ҲҪ˵ģɱبɱ֮ȻҪޣȻҲҪñ׼ţ




2420𺳵ɱ¾
 

񴺮ˣ
ǰһﲻ֪Ű
Ȼ˵ҪԼѲɽڶôĿ
Ůɶɷڹʣ
˵ĻĲУ
ΨһһӲ
һԵĻοװӣҲ㶵Ŀһ
ǰһ뻹һôصߣһ붼˰Ե۾ˣ
Ƚɫת䣬ûζҲǲһ˿ͬĸо
ŮӢۣ
ǻʱܵ񴺮裬ϣһܹͦ
ֻһʼֿΪ㣡
û뵽֮ͦˣԭԼǸˣ
ಣ
Ӱ׵󣬻С˿̻ûΣ
һɿϢȴһĪľ
ǰСһһ
׿ŻСλɵڼǿߣùǷһֵģ
Щм˵Ҫһһһӣ
ʵǿ
񴺮Աߣλɵڵǿ߼ζըˡ
֮꣬ǻû˿֮ˣλɵڵǿߣȻ˸ˣ
Բѣ
ҢŭһеķɽѾǻ
ݣ
ĽƺһҪǰ֮˸һ㣡
Ī̺ͷ糾ХһԵĻκʱĽӴɵǿ֮Ķ
Ңֵһ̣ҲŵѾ֪ԣ
𿴷糾Хɵ۳ڵǿߣɵ۳ںɵڵĲ࣬ɲһĴ
񱩵ĽϯƬռΪ֮һ
ȥɣ
Ңŭһƺһһεһ
һЦʧԭأ
һ룡
һޱǿȭӰѾǽ
ѹ
ȭӰƺǼһ޵еıһ㣬ֱҢĽ
ûеȵҢӦӰѾǳҢĸǰ
¡
ȭ
һȭʯƾ죬·͸Ƭռ䣡
ʱٿҢǶߵķһ㣬ɳȥʮԶ˶һɽ֮ϣ
еɽ֮Ȼ˸оһĲ
ͬʱ׺СҲʼжֻ֮У׵ٶƺģ
ֵʱСͻѾǽ˸ɳȥˣ
ԭʮ񴺮˿Ҳǲסſˮڶһ±ƣ֪ʲô飿
һ
ɵڵǿߣֱ֮ʹԼΪǿһУ
λɵڵǿʼն֪Լ˭ϣ
¡
׵նɽ̴λĵ֮һ˲ڿб㱬ѿ
ǿնɱ
λɵڵǿߣһʱڱĸɸɾ
ž
ʱɽ֮иļž˵ĺôţ
̶һʱڣԭռƵ񴺮˿ɥ֮Ȯһ㣡
һƬնһֱƺǰһġ
λԼɵǿߣҲǼĻȻˣ
ûüӦһеô£
ǰ˵˭
ôǿ֮ˣ
񴺮һƬĴͣıѾԿó˿ʮֵĺ£
ƺӦֵ˰ɣ
׿񴺮Ҳ¶һ˿ȻЦݣ
ˣ˿ûκε֮ͬģԼзʵ½ߵľԼˣ
Ϊ˻ΪԼСŹԼ
㡭ʲôҡҿʥɽ¼ҵ峤ɱң¼ҾԲŹģ
񴺮΢΢óĺˣ
ǺǣЦɱĻͻŹޣƺҲûпóҪŹ޵İ
׿񴺮Ƿһ˿Ц
ȻѾɱ䣬ûκεԥˣʥɽΣ
ǲԼʱԼҲȥǵģ
ϪǱʥɽ˸ÿ񴺮֪֪£
񴺮ʵǱ˵֮䣬Ͳˣ
㵽Ǻˣ֮ǰȷСˣ
ԭΪ񴺮ڻẦµĲ֪룬û뵽һﾭ˶ݵľ֮󣬾Ȼ
ȻʥɽˣЩһ˭ܹشһĻȻģ׵˵
شһ⣿ɱңһش𲻻شʲôأ񴺮׵˵
شˣ޿Բɱ㣡
׻ûдɱһʱǸʲô¼ҹҵĻǴ˵ǿԻסһһӣ
ãʰɣ
񴺮ûκεԥƺҲһ
Ҫ֪һϪˣ
񴺮Ӧ֮ʣ׵⣬¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫ




2421ȷϪϢ
 

Ϫ
񴺮Ŀף֪һô֪˵ģ
һԵĻεҲǿף
׶һԵķ糾Х֣ŻСȴһԣһһＸ仰
õģֹӣ
糾ХͷֻһĨ֮ɫδɢȥ
糾ХԭΪǺû뵽׾Ȼ˵ĳ̶ȣ
о𾪵ǣһߵҲǿֲ˹
λɵۼǿߣһĹֱӱնɱ
Ҫ֪ǿλɵڵǿ߰
λɵڵǿݸǺţʥɽ¼ҵˣʲô
Ȼ½ڲʥɽΪǿļ壬ɾͳʥɽһ˭ָҵأ
ķ糾Х֪Ϊʲô׻ʳ˵ǿƣﲻǿƲ˹ˣ
̫ǿˣ
糾Хԭһƻ۳ǳ˵Σòûлᣡ
Ȼ۳ƣôأ
ٴʥԱ֮Ĳ
糾ХԱߣδ˿ҲǱ𺳵Ըӣ
׾ǿʲôһ㣬һʵĿ࿴
˵ⱲӾûмǿ֮ˣ
ǻɽҲһǳǿļˣҲλɵڵǿߣ
˼ոɵڵǿݽһʱ򣬻ҲŵЩ겻ĸо
ԭһУɵۼǿѾǾˣ
һλľ뵽ǿ߶Ծ֮еʱŷ֣֮ǰЩνɻʾǿߵĶԿǲǰҼҶѣ
ɵǿ߶
ûκεĻڣּɱУ
ʯƾ죡
ξãԼⱲӿ˵ĶԾѾˣ
ȻҲҪּ֪򵽵ʲôˣ֪Լ˼ҲƼˮֻ꣬㬵뿪ˣ
Ī̿ŷ糾Хͻ뿪ҲǶ׵ף˿ʥɽˣΣհ
Ǻǣ۸ͷˣô죿ν˵ʥɽΣʭӶ˲ծ˲
֡ף㡭㲻ǽּ𣿡
񴺮һֵʱɫҲǱֱ䣡
һӾ뵽ɽ½λʳ۾
ףޣ
񴺮˼ά쳣ݣһӾ뵽λǰһʱ䶯ɽļһ
ֻּǸŶѣֺαؾأҪľǻشҵ⣡
׿񴺮Ҳ˵
Ϫ飬Ϸ۳Ǳ߾ͳ׵Ķ
ʥɽϷ۳۾ǱߵõϢ
ֻϷ۳ĵ۾ʥɽҲô£Ҫ֪ʥɽһǸ߸ϵ֣
ƺĴ۳УǿĲٿĴ۳
۳ǱʥɽĳЩҲǧ˿Ƶϵ
񴺮ô㶵Ŀ׵û뵽㾹Ȼɽ紫֮еĴ׵۾һǿˣ
شҵ⣡׳
ðɣȻʥҪ֪ұߴʥΣҲµûĻʥӦ˵λӵ֮˰ɣ
񴺮ףҲǳʵ
Ȼֺ֪αضһأ
ʣʥϸŮʲôϵ񴺮һεʵ
ֻҪʲôطΣǻ
׵֮Ĩһ˿ɱһԼĶλǺ׼ȷ
ѲԼ̬̫ˣ
񴺮׵ӣҲǶһµ䡭ʵҲֻ˵֪Ĳһ׼ȷġ
ǲ˵ˣ׵жһնɽ
񴺮æʥֺαż֪ʥ֪֪ʥɽ׼ң
֪
׵ҲǷǳĹʥɽһ֪
׼ʥɽΪǿļ֮һ֮ĳʥɽʵм֪ջǱ׼ҽȵǡΨһȷǣϪ϶û
񴺮ףҲε˵
Ȼ㲻ǰ׼ҵˣô֪׼ҵأʵ
֮Ȼ֮壬ɴʥϻ֪֮һá׼ȻưϪҶ֪׼ѣ
񴺮ƶ˵ŵӣҲһ
񴺮֮廹һãʲôã
٣
񴺮֮Ĩһ˿ɫƺ˵һʲôһ㣡
׺һԵĪ̶һĿɿڴ
ôҲû뵽⴫֮е֮壬Ȼڶɽٻа
񴺮ӣ׵ȤҲǱˣ
ɽ嫣Ȼĺܰ




2422֮
 

٣
ҲһͷˮĿ񴺮֮ټֱ°
Ҳ˵ģ֮Ҫһ׵飡
Ҫˣ
ֻ񴺮Ȼô˵ˣô϶еķʸ
ײ֪еİ壬񴺮Ҳһɻ
һԵĪҲǽԼȭͷʹ⼸仰֪˰ϪڴΣ֮У
ʥɽϵˣΣյĸʻӲ٣
񴺮׵ͷһ㶼մߣʵϺ֪Ͼ֮쳣ʣ
֮ĸʵȷǺܹܵͣٵļûУϾ֮٣ɽ¶᲻˰ɣ
׵˵ҲȽϵĵ飡
Ȼˣⶫȫƾ
Ҳû˵Լߵ˶ܹ٣οܲܶҲǸأ
ĵǣϪʥɽ֮У
ʱһĻʱ·һ
һֱƴԼʵһΪһʵҲΪ˾ȰϪ
֪ҪʥɽԿûʮʵǲܵ飡
ԵɺϵĽԼʵɵۼ𣬸Сǿߵİôڻʸվ߸񴺮վ˵
ʥ˵Ĳ֮ɽ绹ûгֹ֮ȴ԰˶٣
񴺮ҲǸֳһĨڴ֮ɫ
ֻ֪ܹѾˣʱǲˡ
Ҳûκεѡǲش׵⣬϶·һ
Ҳֻ֪ܹһˣ
ǻش⻹ǱնɱҲûκεİ취
Ϊʲô񴺮˾˵˰ϪϢ֪޲޲أ
ֻΪ¼ûеõλ֮֮ˣ׼ҵĶȻϣȥƻˡ
ǰ׼ʧ֮壬ڰ׼ң˵һĵ飡
׿񴺮˶٣ôһ˵
ֳ֮֮Ϊ֮壬ݣһվԶۿɽ֮˶ɽ٣Բʲô鷢ġֻ֮ҪڵĵطǱԷɢٵ
񴺮Ļܺ⣬֮Ϊݣ֮
Ϊɽ֮˷̯һЩѹ
׵ɫЩѿ˵׼ץ˰ϪΪĿģѲɰ׼Ҫٲɣ
б޻Ǻǣڰ׼ҵûҪɽ٣Ͳ֪ˡ
񴺮΢΢ҡͷʥɽȻƲ󣬿ʵÿһ嶼Ƿļ壡
ô׵ı¶Լʵأ
˵ĵطжʥɽȻҲˣ
׼ҵʵΣ׿񴺮ʵ
񴺮˼һ֪׼ӦӵλɵۺڵǿߣûʥǿߣǾͲ֪ˣ
ʥ
ƺ˳ɵۺھĺ棬ʥ
ʥʥӦ֪ɣ񴺮Щ㵵ʵ
Ȼֻ֪ʥɽʥǿߴڣüʵ
ǲö֪ˣ¼Ŀǰûеġ廹Ĳ˵ЩνѾ˵Ϲǣ˭֪ǲèʲôطأ
񴺮ҲεĿףǲ֪
ɵ۳ڣ
Ȼ񴺮һһţʥɽǵطɵ۳Ҳˮ׼ѣ
ֻ񴺮ǱȽϴģܵӳ̶ҲȽϵĸߣ
һҲǴʧݣû뵽ʦһӾĴʥϣ
һεĻĻ񴺮Բ׷ˣ
ֻûκεĺҩ
ˣȻ˵Ļʧˣ׵˵νʧǽһѺ֮У
񴺮һ׵Ļʧɫʥ˵㻰
ǣ񴺮вףܹ׳ѪΪ޵ˣȻɡ޼ǲɱ㣬ȴҲһӣ
׿񴺮֪һˣ
֪ҪʱԵĲʥɽĳͻΨнУ
񴺮ڱվţʱ򼴱ڶ۳ʲôɿص״ôҲһǣ
СӲզΣʥɽ¼峤ݻǷǳĻ˵ģ
񴺮һҪԼȡѪҲû뵽㾹ȻѪΪɵ𣿡
ɵɵҲ֪ҴӦ˲ɱ㣬ûдӦ˲ɱɣ׵˵ܱл᲻ʱޣһĹһ£
㡭Ҳ̫޳˰ɣ񴺮ޱȣ
һǲҪ㰡ʵ񴺮һֱŵˣôҪأ
˵Ű
һԥ񴺮ҲǲòͷӦˣϾԱС˻ȭͷʵЩ}Ļţ




2423±ѡ񴺮
 

񴺮ѡ
ѪԼҲ֪ģȻԼû̫Ӱ죬Ҳֻܹˣ
Ķ٣̥ǣ
Ҫǰļһǲܵ飡
񴺮֪һϣûˣ
ӱʮ겻
οɽ˵񴺮кܶܶʱûüȥأ
Ϊʲô㲻֮⣬Ϊ׷һʰݵ
ˣʲôûˣ
Щˣע˲ܳΪ˵ĿܣЩˣȴӲͷ
һֱɳǵȦ񴺮Ȼںߣ
ûоĥѣȵ֮ŷԶҪпĶ࣡
ֻҲ˵ģΪײֿ̱֮ˣ
ʵ񴺮ΪԼˣҲǸӵķһЩѣҪū񴺮˼Ǿûеģ
һӵĽɫĲƬռ䣡
һĹ֮񴺮ѾǳΪ׵ˣ˿һο׵ʱԵҲʮֵĹ
ײδ񴺮Լߣø͸ȥˣ
ֻҪ񴺮޼գ
˵λɵڵǿߣʱԼͰ㵽ĳͷˡ
糾Хͻο׽񴺮ֱӷˣҲһľ㵣
ֹ֡ӣķˣ
糾ХͻЩ˼ĿʵⲻǷŻɽ
׵ͷû£¹̸Ҳ
ɶɶ⣿
糾Хɴ۾ף̸
Լûɣ
Ҫ֪ǿնɱ¼λɵڼǿ߰⼸͵ͬڲ֮ˣ
׾Ȼ˵񴺮ΪˣֻСŰɣ
οףҲƵ˵˵ǲǷ˰ղ˵ģôҲǸɣôȻ񴺮ĻأŻɽ󻼰
ǰֹӣ񴺮ĻʵǲŰ
糾ХһҲͬ˻εĻ˵񴺮Ҫʲô˵óġ
ֻǷ糾Хû뵽׾Ȼô棡
Ѳֻı˵Ļôǿˡ
һǷǳȽȷ׵ķ񰡣
һԵĪ̵ԵõȻ˺ܶ࣬Լֶ֮࣬νҲĿ࣡
ʵĪһȻԼʵ׸ˣл᲻᲻̫
Լʵǰײˣ׵ʵԼǧҲԲܸϵϵģ
׿ŷ糾Х˵ˣǸǻǻ㲻ûбҪΪ̫ǡǶԳʼӣǰ˼漴ɣ
ιи㣡
ԼһλŮ˵ʱƺҲҪˣһЩԣ
׿Żεӣܹ͵סӣ
ϾŮʵദҲͦɰģŻЦŵСʡ
Ҿ֪һɽʲôʱһʵǿɹ˰֪϶Ĵ۳ģɻʳ֮ʵģƺҲû˵ˣ
֮ǰԳԼΪޣҲһͷˮ
Ϊʵ벻ͨһﵽʲôݣ˵ʾˣ
׿ŻεٹһӣСӦþͻ֪ҵˡ
У˵ֲ㣬ǵģοҿǿ˺ܶ಻ÿĶŶ
ƺҪвһף
׿ŻγС˼ҪҶ㶯ˣ
㡭ôôԽ
ҲһƵĿףһͲһԼĺ
һԵĪЦŵ˺ˣҪˣطҲǿԾĵطǻȻط˵ɣ
̹֪İɣҸоʶأλǲĵʵ
Īε˵˵ûʶˡ˵˵ʲôǶ˵ٹ֪ˣ
Ǽ찡͵ġЩצĵĸоЩþ
׿Ż΢΢һЦ֮󣡡
ţ֮ǿǶ۳ٰ충Ӱƺʲô
С㣬˵Ѿ˵ˣǾʹ˱ɡԵĻҵԻ׹֣Ī̱ʧԭأ
糾ХͻοȥӣҲ
˼СȥˣҲֻˣ
ο糾ХڻҪȥ׼һϾһʱ䣬ԳɾҪĻˣ
ڻΣΣǽˣҲûζǣ
ʵϣ׺Ī̲δԶ
ֻ׽Ī̴֮УΪȫĵط




2424¶ԳĻ
 

ǣ
һλصǵʱѾ֮ˣ
Ī̴˿ѾǴ֮Уײˣ
Ī˵Ҫߵģ
ҲνˣڵʵҪҲЩѵģ
Գ
ڽʽĿĻˣԳڱڶ۳Ļʹ֮У
ʱμӶԳĲѾƾ볡˶۳Ļʹ֮У
һζԳĲǶ۳ĵ۾ō䣬ǰүž棡
ž棡
Ϊ´ԺԺ۳
һεĶԳҲ֮е飬ϾڶԳ֮ǱǶ۳֮
źѹѹȺžʱվһλӵĸǰ
˲ǱˣǶ۳ĵ۾ō䣡
ōԱߣվŶ۳ةͶ۳һͳ˧콧
ΪōΪĳӣ۳νǴȨգ
һεĶҲǴ޼Ҽٳɵģ
ʣһʱǼʱˣ
žҲǹŹō֮Ҳǳ֮ɫ
ھڸλĹō䣬ȻĴһϵϢ
ۿԶ鶼׼𣿡
ʥϣԳһ׼̵
ž濴Ŵ䣬֮ҲǸֳһĨĲм
һһԼĸʸǰһ˻
ȴǷǳΣյģһ֪˲
˭λةǸʸǰĺأ
ԼļλֵܽãҲֲλةԼĿеĵλ
Ѳ⣡
ž漴ԼĸʣҲЩСĸо
ō¶һ˿ЦݣŴ࣬һξԲܹκεʧ
·ģȻѧԺˣ³̫۬ӵǱѾ׼ˣ޵ڵΪһεĹھˣ
ЦŵǴʱѾף
վڴԵ콧Ƕ۳һҵ峤۳Ϊǿľͳ˧
Ҳ۳ʵԱĵң
콧˿ЩأŹō£ԳϳѾףǰһ飬ϳδ¡
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ō俴콧Ҳ֪콧ʱҪ飬ȻʲôС£
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콧¶һ˿ŭݣһֱڳ飡
ڶûκεͷһ棬ҪĿľǳ׵Ƽûзϣ
ߣƼҿͲסįּ⣬Ƽͼı壡
ō䵭˵Ƽ֮˱ߣҲɫ൱ѿ
žƺҪ˵ЩʲôĪ̶ѾûϢȻҲǲἰ£
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Īʧ٣Ǹּļһ˿ӦȺ֮УڶҲ޷
ԹžŵǣһζԳ֮棡
ɾڹžҪϢ˵ʱ򣬴ȴһε˳£ϳҲ
࣬ⶫԳĻʲô鲻ԺأōЦŵ
óڴ仹Ƿǳ̵ģ
¹ش󣬱һֱϵ´ԺķչǶԶ´ԺһĪ̹עĺܡɾǰ
ܿĽ˵һ飡
ōɫ˵ʲô׷Īʧˣȴһļһ°ˣϰˡ
ڣ
žп಻ԭ׼ѹȥģû뵽ȴˣ
һ粻ᣬƫƫʱԼģ
ĪأƺûпōɨһȦ·֮
Īδ顭
žɫҲһѿԴĪ̳ȥǸּļһ֮Ҳûл
žʵҲ֪ĪӦøˣ
Щʱ㱨ʵҲΪĪ̺ǸּܵĸԶһЩ
ڴˣҲֻܹˣ
ߣϰˣڵԽԽˣô㾹Ȼ۾ϣō֮Ĩһ˿ɱ⣡
žͨһ¹µ֪ֻǶΪĪӦûڽԭǴȶԳ֮ģ
£εĺܰԳǹ֮£ϳΪпʼȽϵ׵
俴Źō䣬Ҳǵѵ
ōɫ˵ϰˣȿʼɡĪûˣ޾㣡
ּ
žɫ൱ѿԼ˵ˣǿ϶
˵ͱòһˣ
Ŵ񣬹žһѻ𣬿ȴûκεİ취
ү̨
һϵ𣬹žһ˿֮ɫ˸̨֮ϣ




2425Գ
 

ž棡
˿̳Ϊ˵Ľ㣬ʵڵ˼ⶫԳ֮ϣ
ڹž˵ĶԳѾڶ˹ھ
ıùžû̫壡
ʵϣҪ֪Ī̵䣡
֪Ī̵ȥʲôطǸߵӻҪĪ̵ı
һ뵽ߣžɫҲǼΪѿ
ԼĸҪĪΪĪȴԼƤӵûټ
ү롭
žԱߣһ˾ģӹĶŹž
ž΢΢ͷಽĳŸ̨֮ϻ˹ȥ
Գ
۳Ŀʢ䣬Ѿһϵٹˡ
žһԼ飬վڸ̨֮ϸ·һ˵ȣĿ棡
ž棬۳ִ˴ζԳĿ񡣡
ž濴·ǿڵ
ž
һⶫԳ˭ûһ׷أ
һζԳĽƷ֮ʵ
ֻܶ˶֪ҪõĽҲͬȵʵΪвǰɣ
һζԳĹھѡҪǼѧԺ۳ǿϣ
ˣܹǰʮѾϵٹˣ
ⶫԳȻɽ翪ţɺܶȴҲС
ȻˣЩνŶɽΪǿѧԺ֮С
үΪλһ´˴ζԳĹ򣡡˾һεĳ
ž΢΢ͷɨһȦ˵λܹ붫Գ˵˸λ㡣汾Ϊλһ¶ԳĹ򡭡
˶Źž濴ȥÿһζԳĹʵǴͬС죡
ǸӹĵӦǴ˴ζԳĽƷʲô
ʵڵ棡
ҪӦöʵڵ棡
ζԳȡƣͨɱ޵ڵž
ڵǱǰ׼׵𣿡
ðһϾڵǲģ
ž΢΢ͷʵúãȻҲǿǵˡвԱϵĴôСԷҵ۳ͳһ
ѻȸ
ָһŵĶǱ˵˽Ʒ
Ķ۳ƺЩףܶ˶¶ɫ
žЦŵλģҶ۳ˣٰô綫Գȿ˵Ҷ۳һЩʱ˵أλЩҶ۳Ȼȱ
˵ɫ滺һЩʵž˵ҲǶԵģ
˼һ۳ںĶ
Ȼᣡ
Ƕ۳ûгϢˣ
үʣ
ʱǰ˹վǰţҲǷǳķ㣡
кʣԾᣡ
ΪѧԺˣžҲûа취̫
ټɽʱҲδúð
κһʣžӦöǻشġ
ͷϽɴָΪ˱֤ƽһҿ⡣ɶԳڵڶ࣬ɱûڵҵǰù𣿡
Ҳʵһ֣ӼȻ֪е޶ڵǾȫƾλˡҶԳһǹƽĺܣֻĽ
ž濴źһεıһ¶۳Ĺƽ
ȥȷǷǳĹƽ
΢΢ͷ޾ŽףͬȼҲֺܶ࣬β룡
ʵⱾѾ֪ˣڱͿԻش㡣žЦŵ
Ŷүͽ̣
ĵʲôʵܶ˵ĵһģͬɻʾڵҲǷΪֵܶģ
ܲɻʾɻʾڵһİɣ
˵ˣͬΪɻʾҲǷΪڡںͺڵİɣ
ֵôжҲҪһͽ綨İɣ
ʱǶڹ⣬ǵʱ򻹶ʲôھأ
ʵôϸҲΪ˷ֹԼڹⲻ͸ӶԼ˲ǣ
ž浭˵λĵ⣬ǶкܺõӦ֮ߡղűᵽĻƣȻҲרŵ޼רġ
ǻأҲǼʵ
֣ٸӸλӦþˣǸλɱɵ۾ޣ˾ǴһֻɻʾޣҲǲܸϳ˵ģ
žһε˵Ѿˣ
޵ļֱӾһεĹھ
ðɣҵ֪ˣ΢΢Ҿ
žһεĳڹô򵥣Ҫһ¸λǣǸоԼʵãòý붫ԳλӦö֪ԽԽǿ޴ڣ
үǹ˵ǲҪ˵˰
˽ǵͷ֮ʣ·ҲǴһһĺЦ
Ц֮ʣ˵ҲǳֳһĨڴ֮ɫ




2426𺳵Ľ
 

۳ʹ
ǰμӶԳ֮ˣǶһ룬ǱǶùھ
Ȼھֻһ˭Ըأ
ЩʳǣϣͨԼŬΪ۳һӣ
ԷسǾһ
Ȼˣ߼Ĵڱ纫ˣעΪҫһˣ
ЩΨһ뷨ǹھ
ֻǹھΨһģҪùھô׵ģ
񴺮ҲμһεĶԳѾǳΪ׵ĸ࣬Щν
ûи㶮Ϊʲôһȥ׵鷳֮󣬻Ǳһһ㣡
Ѫ˿Կó
񴺮ƽʱҲûʲô˸ֵĵط
˶ǿŸ̨֮ϵĹž棬ΨһڴⶫԳĽΣ
ÿһεĽһҲ˲һ˿ڴ
ž΢΢һЦλģһεĽȻǷǳķģζԳ߹ƾŰˣȳŵһ㣬ֻҪʸμӱζԳѡֱ֣ӼҶ۳λƷϣ

һ˳׵˷ˣ
Ҫ֪֮ǰ붫۳λƷǰһѡ֣
ֻһû뵽ⶫ۳Ȼֱ˶гΪ۳ΪٵĻᣡ
۳Ǵֱʰһ׬˰
ǰ۳Ʒǻȥ֮ʳҶҵô𣿡
û뵽ⱲӾȻܹΪ۳ĹԱ
֪ǰʮĽΰڴ
һ˵ȵ¶һ˿˷ܵ飬Ϊ۳ƷǿϵٹⰡ
Ҫ֪һ˵۳ݺҰȻǲһˣ
˵ģ͵۳ƷְλڻʳǶ𾴵ˣ
һЩƶԼŬһܹﵽ־ˣһһĸо
ǰѡ֣һСķأƷʯʮ򣡡žһε˵
˷ˣֻҪǰǱӵԼķأ
Ҫ֪ζԼߣôܹ˷أ
žص˵һǰʮɡĵʮߣɳΪƷӵʥأƷʯƷһ
ѡ֣ͻʳһ飬ƷʯһǧƷ
ڶѡ֣ͻʳһ飬ƷʯǧƷı
һһϯ۳Ļʹ˵һεĶ۳ƺѪһ㣡
ֻ˶סΪڶĽѾ˷ˣ
֮ǰļζԳһҲĴˡ
һεڶ˳֮ǰһĴôܹڴأ
˶ڴĿŹž棬ž¶һ˿Цݵ֪λڴھĽھĽ뵱ʥԸ֮λɣ
ž濴˼ˣ֪ʱҪâ
Ȼ
ߵʱ򣬶۳۾ō¶һ˿Ц⣡
ھóʳһ飬нɹܶ۳ӻͼƷһͬʱιھһҪֻҪ޵Χ֮ڣ
δ̨֮ϣѾǴ͸ʹ
񣡣
ʹ
ʲôһ죬ͽһ죡
Ǻ˶㶵ĿŹō䣬ǾһǲǷ˰
ʳķܶˣƷǸΪ֮
ֻһ䣬ōκһҪֱǿˣ
ھ
ֻҪΪ˹ھ֮⣬ջİ
ھҲ̫˰ɣû뵽۳Ȼ˵ֱʰ
ǰֱ̾ΪֹһùھǵʱֱӳΪʳĵ۾ˣ
붼˷ܰҪõھϼѵɣ
λҲ룬ܹʵùھˣںЩ
ǰھĽƷ񣬿ʵȴûвࡣ۳˭۳Ҳڶ۳
Щ˿ףЩ˾˷ܣЩ˾ģ
һ㣡
ž濴˵飬һεĽӹ汾ʽԳʼ
žλֻһ̳
ʱ̳뻻¶һѷ죬ѷ쿴ȥޱȣ
̳·λ󷨸ֵĶͷ϶亹죬ȥ쳣ʹ࣡
λ֮󶫷Գףλˣ
žûκεԥڶõ飬Լû̫˼
غ۳δչҲģ
ֻǵž濴ҲǻȺ֮неʱ֮Ĩһ˿Ĺ֮ɫ




2427Դ׵
 

ˣ
ԭѷЩ߽֮Ҳǻĺˣ
˽붫Գ֮ǰ˵ĴǱսȥˣ
׵ûκεĹϵΪѹҲ첻׵д
ǧˣһӵ룡
ԭһƬžĶԳƺʵⶫԳһƬĿռһ
һƬռ֮еҲʲôȱɽˮлвݣ
һƬռ֮лԴԴϵĲʵһƬԭɽ磡
ֻλǿ߸ӡΪһĿռѣ
ⶫԳ֮ΪСҲ鴫Ϊɫɫĸ޵ǷǳĶ࣡
ԳʵϾһȼɭϵһ
ΧĶһЩʵôǿޣԽԳߵʱ򣬾ԽΣգ
ûнⶫԳʱѾǵõѣ
ǿн붫ԳʱŭǿĻǵʱŲ
һ޼ʵԳЩҲһ˷ܣ
糾Х˿ҲǸվһ𣬶³۬һʧˣƺ֪һЩʲôһ㣡
ֹӣô죿糾ХףױǵĹǲǣ
׵˵ȻˣȻǱŹھѵô𣿡
۳ЩһûжȤȻֹȤұֹӴְɣ
糾Хʲôְʵһ˼Ҫ״ùϵأ
ڷ糾Х˵νĹھھҲû̫Ĺϵ
ʱһѡˣ
糾ХѡǸף˵ѡȻǳŹھȥˣ
׿ŷ糾Хͷȥ˶Գɵ۳ڵķ糾ХҲֻܹǿԱѣ
޵ǿǲ˵ģ
ֹӣһεĹھƺûôװ糾Х
ŶǺǣΪô˵׿ŷ糾Хʵ
糾ХѧԺɽ˵һεĹھ϶̫³۬ġⶫ۳۳֮ӦǴĳֽףײΪԳӵߣ۳ҪǾ̫ˡ
һεĹھĲ̫ŪҲЦЦ
糾ХֹӣҪùھΨһİ취¾ȥѰǿˣΣϵҪӲٰ
Ǻǣҵʵԡ׵˵
ֹӵҲˣ⡭ôܣֻгжԳ볡ȯ˲ܹ⡭
糾Хף֪ΪʲôԼ˽
֮ǰλĽĻȻͺŪĶˡ
һô˵糾Х֮࣬ҲǴһ˿˷֮ɫ
ֻǷ糾Х֪Сԭеǿ壡
˵Գ߸ѣĿľΪƻһζ۳֮
׿ŷ糾Хҵİ취߰ɣ
׺ͷ糾Хһ·ȥ붫Գܶ˶ѡ˱ţ
Ϊź͵ɾǲһģʮλɻʾǿնɱһͷɻʾ޿˵ǿޱȣ
һλɻʾǿߣŪûܹɻʾ޵ϣ
أȻǷֵĳ
οЩνĸϧ֮ˣҪĿɲޣΧȺ˲
Ϊ۳ֻ޵ڵǸϵ˭ɱģ
ԼõڵҲһˡ
Գڣ
ʵ̫࣬ǰҲԲܳʲôִ̫ìܣ
֮󣬿һпɱͻγˣ
Ȼˣ³۬ʵ͵λȻˣЩǲܵʲôŵģ
ҪᶫҲЩ˵Ķ
ǻˣ
λ
׺ͷ糾Х漲۶ȥʱǵǰһŮ
ӳΪĴλŮӵǳһ㣡
£
׻δ˵һԵķ糾ХѾĿ˶Ǹӣ
Ҫ֪糾ХҲͶ˵Ŀˣ̾Ϊֹˣ
ֵܣᣬڴ׻ʳģҪֵǴ
ǸӿȥЩ񣬺λŮҲԵЩһ㣡
׻ʳģ
ЩˣǴ׻ʳŵĻӦʶģ
ĺܣҲЩ֣
Ī۳ˣĿʵ
ȻǣȻλҪŵĻû˵ҲԨԴЦŵƺûмǡ
̫ˣûмȻҲġʵ֮ǰǴʳģֻʳѾǳΪ˴׻ʳҵȻҲǴ׻ʳ֮ˣ
ЦЦ׺ͷ糾Хô˵Ҳһ
Ǽ׻ʳǡ
¶һ˿Цݵʱȴһ󲻺г




2428±ߵĴײ
 

ಣ
ԳΧĳ
һ˵Ƚ׵ΧУΪ֮ʵǿ쳣
ֻ׿һЩСϺ׶ѣ
áλʦãǸϽӡ
ǴһˣҲŭһ˱ǿս
ֻӵı飬֪ѾΣ֮У
컢ʦ֣Ҫһ
ǸõŮӿΧ֮˵
֣ӳȥһһ
ӽ컢ʳ֮ӣ
һ㣬ʵʵҲǷǳĲʹﵽɻʾڵʵڶ´Ժϵˡ
ֻڻʳ֮Уʵνеţ
ڵ۳ѧԺ֮УҲֻһζѡ
ߣܣȥҸǣһδǴ׳ͳͳҪ
Ϊ֮ɫ˵ֵʱҲҧгһ㣡
۳Դ׻ʳνǶ棡
ѧԺѧϿ˵Ϊֱ۵һ֡
Ҫ֪ЩѧǼΪǿҵģټһֱǴ۳ģ˾Ĵڣ
ֻΪ׻ʳ۳һֱͷʺĸо
ָоʵǲ̫
ҪǣǴ׻ʳԽԽ֣նɱ۳
ҲҴ׵۾ЩӴ׳ѧǾͺܺø㶨ˡ
ڵ۳׻ʳνƲ
Ҳȥ׵ĻʳȥΣһεĶԳҲǷѰŴ׳ѧ
컢ѾǱ˸˺ܾˣ
컢һнһɣ
ս
֪ɽлƫɽУ
컢֪޿ɱˣμӶԳʱҲ׼
ֻû뵽˻˵ĺＱ
磡
Ϊ׻ʳһζԳĲߣһʼ붫۳ھܵ಻Ĵ
һ˶۳
Ƕ۳Ļ컢ˣ
ڵܵĶԳ֮ڣ
ȻǺ޹˼ˣ
˵׵ĲߣǱɵľ棬컢Ҳû뵽˵⣡
컢ͻáҪߣûüͱ˸ˡ
۳ѧԺѧ۸ӻʳˣǲӶ˵ģ
ײδ˵˿̷糾Хվ˳
糾ХϴһĨķ̣ƺѹҲѧԺˣ
ΪϷ۳¤Ժĳţܹϵ˻ĲǺܶ࣡
΢΢ͷЩ˰ֻӲְ۳˲Ҫĳ̶ȿȳǽ
˶ʲô񣿡
Ϊ֮һȻ˸ѧԺˣҲһ
Щ˺ܶ۳һЩ飬ǵ鱾ͲǺ
Ǻ״һܹڶ
û뵽ûг۵˵ˣ
ʵϣ۳Ļпʶ糾Х
ʵ̫ˣ
糾ХΪϷ۳ţԭ۳û̫Ľ
˲ʶ糾ХҲ飡
Ͼ˲ǵһ۳
糾Х˵˵Ǻǣ֪ҵֻ֣㻹䰡

ὣһն˷糾ХڵķǷһ˿䣡
컢ͻáԭѾһ׼ˣ
Ҳû뵽ԭ׼ȴȸ˸ˡ
һʱ䣬컢ҲЩĿɿڴ
䣡
һֱӽ糾ХװסˣֻһǽƺǱ˸˻һ㣡
⡭ôܣҵĽôʹˣ
Ϊ֮һĿɿڴĿŷ糾ХǱ糾Хȹʹһֶθˣ
޿ɱܣ
ǽƺסһ㣬ֱӳ˵ķŭնȥ
¡
ǽʧһɲǣΪ֮˵ǰѾһƬңѪ
ôʵҲѧ˳װβǣǻǹˣүãϽү򡭡ߣ
糾ХҲø˼ƽϣȻˣնɱѧԺѧȷǻһЩ鷳
Ͼһ۳˷ǳĶ࣬ܲ鷳ǰ£糾ХһҲԸ۳˺
㡭㵽ʲôˣȻˣȴӲĺܣ
ɽӹҵҪôͣ糾Х
ءʦ֣ʶʦ֣Ȼʶʦ֣Ӧ֪˲ĵ˵
֪ʲô֪ٶ˵һеĽɲʶˣ糾Х
糾ХôﶼأȻѧԺˣǺôĵӰ
ڷ糾ХŭһʱһӰĸǰ
ɽӣ
λѧԺĵһ־벶ȸںһ㣡
糾Хǰһ˷ܲѣĹˣ
ǵܲ




2429Ըɽ
 

֣ȻˣôģʵЩ˿𰡣
糾Хƺδɽӵĵ֮дһ˿ĳ֮ɫ
һԵ컢ɽӵ֣Ҳɫһľ֣
Ժһ֣
ţ˶ˣ
컢һι׼ģļ֮һɽӣ
Ǹоһ𾪵ǣԭҪ˾ȻһλϷ۳¤Ժĵһַ糾Х
Ǹǻ
컢ЩˣһԵĻúͻҲһȦĸо
Լû뵽ܹǿߣ
ΪʳѧԺˣܹ۳ѧԺĵһ֣Ҳǳʶˣ
ߣ糾ХּǸһ˰Ժ⼸֮ĶԹ
ɽɫһ䣬ʵҲû뵽׷ɱ֮˵ʱ򣬾Ȼ˷糾Х
з糾ХаĻȷѰˣ
ɽӾã糾ХӽˮˣӦǲܲ뵽۳׻ʳ֮֮аɣ
۳׻ʳ֮ĶԹȻǲܣ
糾ХЦһȻô˵ƺû뿪˼
ʲô
ɽŷ糾Х
糾ХٺһЦԺңҶô˵
ʲôɽʵ
糾Х˵ʲôﶯֵļһܹǵĻһж˵
糾Х㻹Լ̫˰ҪԺ˸£㲡Ĳᰡ
ɽӵǷһ˿Ĺâ
糾Х֪֪ܰܣȻ쿪
˵ɽˣߣҲԲܷ飡
֮£Ժ˾ҲԲĳ
糾ХҪڳ˵һ㣡
糾ХЦһȻûг⣬⼸ұˣ
糾ХҪԺΪʲôùӳ𣿡ɽŭһ
һԵ׵˵Ҳ͵ˣ
ֵģӻûиأɽһף˾ͲȻһǻŭ
һĿ֮£αʱ棡
ûбȻһεˣ
ɽӣҪֱ㶯֣־͹糾Х˵
ĶֵĻСӿҲûкùӳԣʥţ²ܹܵģ
糾ХձĸУֱӽǰĨɱ˱ǣ
ɽһ¶˾ģ
Ȼ֪Լʵͷ糾Хಮ٣ֻҪס糾Хʣµǰ˻ܹʲôΪɣ
ɽӣôĲҪ
糾Хδκεĵģ֪ɽӵ˼
ɽʵЩˣѲɾͲԼΪʲô
ɱ
ɽһ£ǰһ˷쳣
糾Х
ǵȷλ¤ԺĸֵĶ֣
ɽʦѾˣҲ˵Ĺˣ
ֻҪʦܹס糾ХĻʣµļ˻ǿвһأ
컢ʿˮҲ΢΢һ̾ͷջûӹһٰ
˿ŶļһúͻҲٴһ㣡
糾Хұһɱ¾ζɣȻκβ㣬ҲκβңҶѾûˣ
ɽӸֶδ㶯֣
֪ڶ˵ֲֶһģοڵķ糾ХҪǰæҲǲܵˣ
ɽӲԸĸ糾Х˺ȴŹ׵ˣŹּĸһ
ԣҪľǵȴ⼸Ľ
ڷ糾Хʱȥɣ
糾Хɽӣ˵Ҳд⣬ȻˣҾһһ°ɣ
ţ
ɽһ㶣ȫû뵽糾ХȻ̬ȣ
һɲõԤкȻĵ滺Ѳһ滹кֲɣ
ɽѾǹ۲ˣԲ֮ڸûˣ
üͷ΢壬ų뿴˹ȥˣ
ʦ֣⼸һ͵ǵĺϢɣ
Ǹ˵ͷļһ￴ɽӣһεʮ
ֻҪ糾Х֣ɱǰһﻹһ
ɽĵͷսپ
һʱ䣬дһӵɱ֮컢Ͼ
ֻɽӸоֵǣǸּļһʼմŵĶһ˿ŵЦݣ
һﵽţ
糾ХһЦɽԴ¶벻ǰ֮˱Ǵ׵۾ɣ




2430֣ϧ
 

죡
ʮ˼ͬʱԼǿֱӳ컢˳ɱȥ
ɽ˦˦ԴԼ뷨ʵ̫ˣ
ǰˣôԼѧԺǵĶأ
Ҫ֪һɳΧ˴׵ˣǸɻʾкڵĸְ
˵ģЩ˷һĵطҲһɾǿս
ôɵ۸ִأ
ɽӿŷ糾Хֿһ˿Цݵ糾Х˵˻ֶأǴΣ
ģøģ
糾ХҲЦһһﻹҪԼģ
ԼʱĿӶʣ˰ɣ
ˣǿϧ˰ôҲ¤Ժĸ֣ô͸ôûгϢϲ˻һأ
ɽӵ˵ƺһεĻصŵʱ
糾ХɽԸģһε̲ס֣ȻҪҶģұһ°ɣˣʱ³ɲ̫Ŷ
糾ХҿھͿ˰治֪¤Ժĵһô˹أ
ɽĿŷ糾Хһ˵ģŶоһܣ
糾ХЩ컢˳ȥһԺˣ˵ȻҲ£ҾͲˣ
ϻ࣡ɽӳ
Ҳһ֮ڿ϶սģ糾Х˵
㻹֪֮ҲµĲ࣡ɽӵҲһĨȣ
糾Х˵ȻҲ²һɽƺһƵ棡Ҳµֹһ֮ڽԺˣ
㡭˵ʲô㻹ǡ
ɽһ㶣û뵽糾ХȻ˵ţ
Ǽһﲻڵʵһܹ֮Լߵˣ
Ҫ֪Щ˿ɶԺǰʮĳţ
ƾǸһôأ
ֻɽӻδʱ۾ȴɵĹԲƺʲôֵһĻ
У
컢ͻõ˱ȿ񱩵ĽŵĶûл֮ˣ
ʮλɻʾкڵͬʱκεĻᣡ
˵ʮλˣκһˣҲǰ֮˵Ķ֡
۳ԺͻʳԺȻǲͬնﰡ
ֻǾǸоһʱȴǵȻӿһɼΪֲ
գ֮䣬һĽѾǴǵ
ֱӳѧԺЩԭ׼Χǵ˵ߺХ
ݣ
磡
ǵһ˲һεʧɵ컢һεĿʱȴЩԭ֮Ѿǳ׵Ķסˣ
ϵǱƺһ˿Ҳ˼飬Ƕڵ
컢ʦ֣⡭ʲô
Ŀǰˣڶûи׷ʲô飡
һԵĻҲǿǰ˵ôס˰⡭
סˣ㡭ûпǰ˵ĵڲϵʧ𣿡
컢ĿɿڴĿǰһУƺѾǳⷶΧˣ
ʲôʧǡǴǡ
úͻ𼸺ͬʱ˵ǻδ֮ʣһֲıըԶϮ
䡭
ǵǰЩԭŲһļһһǻһ̯Ѫˮ
һУ
ֱɱʮˣȿֲĽѾ𾪵޻˵
ֲ˹
һ컢ĿɿڴĿףһӶ֪Ӧôźˣ
Զ
ɽԭǱ糾ХĻŪЩͿ׼Է糾Х
һ룬ȴһֲʵ
ѧԺЩǣһ˲䱻˸ˣ
˼飡
ʵǲ˼飡
ɽôҲû뵽ȻһԶǰһӶ֪˵ʲôˣ
Ӷˣ
糾ХһľɽӣҲ΢΢һЦ֣˼ˣ
Ȼʵɶ񣡡
ɽŭһоԼһ쬵ģ
Ϊʱ׵ĿѾǱĿɽӣ۳ˣ׿ûô֮ͬģ
οԭ׵ĿɲɽӣĿ³۬
ֻ·ߣԼ
糾Хεҡҡͷ֣ϧ˵ΪʲôƫƫҪֹӹȥأ
ߣȥôҺΣ
ɽЦһôҲɵ۾ǿߣȻһʵȴҲ£
ԭҵûдСȥԼȴԼȥȻ˵Ļұһ̺ˡ
׵·Ծĵһ㣡
֣Ǹˣֹӵıּף
糾ХѹĺܵͣҲֻɽܹ
ֻǵɽֵʱһƬ֮ɫ




2431𺳵Ĵײ
 

ɫҰף
ɽ糾Хһϯ֮ĿЩ͵Ŀף
׵۾
λԴ׵ĵ۾û뵽Ȼķʽĸǰ
ʱȻ˼ң
Ȼ˼ҵһأ
Լô޴ֱܹİ
ֲ糾Х׵һЩ죬ԭһеĲѰڵ֪׵֮ƺԵöǳˣ
ôҲû뵽ԼȻλɱǣ
նɱ³֮ˣɱԼǸһֻһļ
ֻһ
׸ɽκεĻᣬ֪˼ȻԼ鷳㲻Ǵˣ
۳һȻԺҲһֲ
ɱţ
Ⲣϲ飬ɽԺĳɳĻڴҲһСв
նɱȻΪԺһֲ
ֺĽƬռӿɽʿˮٴһ㣡
֪Ҫطˣڣ
ȱĿ¾ǺҩˣֻϧûУ
һɽѾ˼㣬·ڵһ㣡
޿ɱܣ
һһ㣬ֱӳɽӵķѹȥռ֮з·ŽӰһ㣡
籩Хɽһ˲ͱֻһǿĽˣ
һ룬ɽӵӰѾǳ׵ʧ˵ĸǰ·δֹһ㣡
ǿϧˣһ츳ȷǲ
糾ХףҲЩϧ˵
Լеķɽ˵ϧˣЩע³𣿡
ֹ˵ļǣһɽ淨򣡡
糾ХȻЩϧʲô
ɽ籾һɱ¾ĵطκʱ򶼸ı䲻һ
ǽֻһ֮ͨˣľˣ
ֻϧǣɽӵĵʵЩ
Լܹģ¶ס
ȻˣɽҲּ֪ȻǴ׵۾֪Ļ֮ˣ
һеһУżȻʵȴıȻԲ
һԵ컢ĿɿڴĿǰһУλԺĵһ־ȻҲ˵У
ʵǲ֪˵˭
ղŻ˼أھԼβѣ
컢˺֪ǰλ֮˵ʲôˣ
ΪʲôԼ
ѲǾͲ۳ı
һԵĻúͻ͸һ˷֮飬ǿ׾ǿżһ㣡
նɱɵۼţǵмǲģ
ܹţѾһˣܲأ
࡭л繫ӡֹӾ֮
컢һϵĿףԱ߻úͻǶ׺ͷ糾Х
ЦŵʶԵ֣л
ʵϣҲû뵽ڶԳȻҲԼ׵ˣ
˱׷ɱΪ׵۾ҲȥԼˣ
飬Ҳ
糾ХЦŵղżλ˵Ҫֹӣأ
΢΢ͷȻ˵ĻǾһɣ
İ
ÿҲһ˵
ܹ˵ĻǵİȫͿԵõıˡ
Ҳ޴ӣ˼ҿϸԼţһҵ鰡
컢Ҳλӣҵʵ΢ʵЩ׸ǣӰǵĳɼ
ǰȻҲλţǿֻܳȴˣ
Ҳεĵͷ컢ʦ˵û
Գֻʱ䣬ǾԵղŵĻ˼һҪҪȥ޵ڵˣ
ɲҪΪԼӰ˼ҵĳɼҪ֪һεĽǾԵķ񰡣
˼һǱŹھȥ֣һҪΪԼ鵢ˣҲǹⲻȥ
ȻĺҪһ𣬱Ͼкܴıϣ
΢΢ҡͷû£Ҳȫʱǰ׾˲˶ӣǳȥɣ
ʲô棿ղǾǴǰۻġߵĻʵ̫ǿˡ
컢ǸղžΪǰǿϢԲ۷ġ
ΪĻҲԺǰˡ
޷ûǿڵôܹùھأЦŵ
컢һ㶣漴ЩȻʧЦλʵǿᣬҵһûзӦ
ղǽȥʱ򣬾˵Ǳߺáɵ۾ްҲ̲һ
ɵ۾ޣ⣡ߡ
ȳǰȥ컢м䣬糾Х󣡣
ǰ
ԼĪһĹ֮ڶԳһͳ




2432Ⱥӵѩǻ
 


һ߿ƺ͸һӵ˷֮飡
ʵϣԳڵ붫۳֮һںƽЭĶ
ЭڶԳڵϸƣ
ɵۼޣķΧǳС
ΧɻʾµޣÿһζԳٰʱΧҲͣĳһ
Ϊε֮Ǳмĸɵۼޣ
Ҫ֪ɵۼʵ֮ǿᣬǿţ¶ѣ
е˶ͣΧ˸ȥ
ղ컢˻ڵҪȥܣɺ˱˵ɵۼ֮ǲ취Ҫȥĵط
ֻǵƺ̫ã׷ɱǵԺˣ
һ˴׵ĵ۾Ļǽ˶Գǽ˷Ĺ֮ˣ
ѩǻʣ
糾ХҲǼʶ㣬˿һ׳ΰӰһɽ֮ϣ
ҲǾһѩǻʣǿǿ߰
ǰѩǻʹǿ̬״жϳʵ
ɵ۾磡
ͨѩ׵Ƥ֮ϣһ鵭ɫëϣ
ı̵˫ۣƺܹĻһ㣡
٣ǵðȻܹôһ
׵͸һӵЦ⣬ȻˣҲûд̫
ⶫԳڵޣҲȥ
ΪԼսƷˣ
ã˵ѩǻһ㶼Ƕӣֻϣ糾Хѩǻߣʵ֮ǿɼһ߰
ǡһӦɻʾ˰ɣ
컢Ҳ۾ֱˣѩǻʣƺҲ˵
ֻǶЩһʵû̫˽⣡
컢üɻʾڵޣҲ൱ˣ
Ҫ֪һɻʾڵޣʵȻֲɵ۳ڵǿߣҲѾǲˡ
Ĵﵽɵ۳ڵޣǼͬȼûжֵ֣
ǿ˷ܵģ컢ͷӦǵĿƷΧ֮ڣ
ɻʾڣɵ۳ڵʵ
糾ХͷѩǻȻѾǳԼΧ
ʲôɵ۳ڣ
컢еͷĿѣĸоɵ۳ڵĻôȫûĿԶȽϵĴ
һֻѩǻӦû̫⣬ֻֻأɾͲ˵ˣ
糾ХȻô˵Ҳû̫Ľ֮ɫ
֮ǰѾǸˣλصĸ־׵ߣ
ֻֻӵķ˰
컢üͷֱ壬ոΣգû뵽ȻĽˣ
ֻֻĻĻᶼûˣ
׿ŷ糾ХȻһֻû뵽طȻֻѩǻʣֻҪʰǣǼȷһεĹھˣ
࣡
컢ͻûô㶵Ŀף
һôôţ
ǿֻѩǻʰ൱λɵڵˣ
߼Ҳλɵۼǿ߰ɣ
糾ХǣǰλֹӿȥӦҲɵۼǿߣ
Ϸ糾ХԴ׵̬ȣǾ׵ʵӦøһЩ
ֻʵǿҲλѩǻʵĶְɣ
׵֮˸˷ܵǶԼʲôһ㣡
ֹӣλӦ𣿡
糾Х׳ʵ
׿ŷ糾ХЦŵô֪أ
ߣС޶ôĲ֪ߵغ𣿡
ಣ
գ֮䣬˵ĸǰλӣ
Ϊ׵ǸȥĮ֮гһֲмͷŭ֮ɫ
ղ׸糾ХĻǿڶУ
ǰ⼸ˣȻҲԲѵ˵Ҫλ
ֱǶһ谡
˻ûΣǾöԸѹҲ嶼Ҫ־Ϳˣ
Ҫ֪ǿսǱɱ֮ǻû˵ĻôǵսҪۿˣ
λʵǾûκεв
ǺǣȻȻҪջ񣡡
׵ĿΪ׵ǻʣҲĨһ˿Цݣ
һǵҪҪôǴڶԳô꣬ûм˸̤ѩǻʵĵ̣þöûŵ˰
ѩǻʵ֮Ĩһ˿⣬ôˣʵ̫ˣ
ڼǵʵǿҲǼΪƳ
ҲĵĺܣҪȥ
ֻΨһܹȥķ¾Ǹ۳ЭˣⶫԳûκεĹϵ
ҵҪ̸λĸˣ
ĿŶλѩǻʣҲĨһ˿Ц




2433Ǵ׵ĵ۾
 

Գ
컢ͻáƼѿԶλǵҲǸֳ˿˿֮ɫ
˵ʵ̤ɽ絽ڣδ
һοǵãһӳλǿߣ
ǿһ֮ˡ
ֻȻķ֣ǵ뷨һԵֹ뷨Ȼ෴
λֹһţ컢һͷˮ
ţ
λһ¶ǰЩˡ
䣡
컢Ѿûκε·
ǸǰֹӺͷ繫ӸղųȣʵѾߣ
ˣ
컢˲֪ʱȴȶֵľȻף
һ۵Ĺâ֮ʧ˵ĸǰ
һ룡
еĽԼѾǻ⣬ǰλɱȥ
ֹ֡Ͱǿλ𰡣
ƼԼ֮ͣҲɢ޾Ĳ˼飡
ҲǾֵĿһԵķ糾Хı˾֣Ȼһ˿Ŀ֮ɫ
ֹӵʲôʵҲǾ̾˵
һԵ컢΢΢һ̾λܽҲѾǷǳˣֹѲɻҪһ֮Կ𲻳ɣ̫˰ɣ
Ǻǣķ̫ˣ⵹Ҳһɣ
糾Хû̫ĵǣĶżģ֪׻кֵģ
ֻΨһĵǾǿսĹ
ʱıλǿ߷ֵĻһοľͳȥˡ
ߵǿǿҲܶԸ˼ʮɣ
ʲôݰҡҵȴδ˵ֹӣ֪繫ܷΪҵȽ󰡣
컢оԼҪˣЩҲرĹ˼ˣ
˵ˣ֮лЩצĵĸо
ǿˣǾȻδ˵
λֹӱ֮繫ƺӵǿ
˭ΪʲôԼƾʲôһ˶ԶԿ
һеһУ컢˵гɻڴ
糾Х΢΢һЦǺǣǲΪǾǾģ
˵ʵ繫ӣ֮Ƽˮ꣬λӦҲðŵԺķһССĻʳ֮˰ɣ
컢ŷ糾Хʵ뷨
糾Хͷһ˵ȷǲܵ顣ֹӾȻԭģ
ԭҵȲʶ
컢ЩᣬǸ糾ХѹҲһ·ˣ
˼Ǹ߸ϵпǿĺ󱲣ʲô
ʵʲôҲǣ컢ԭǶ۳һʳʳѧԺŶѣ
Ҫ֪ʳŸ۳ʥɽȣǼֱ
˿ҲΪһʳѧԺ֮˸˼ҵ۳ʥɽ˷ɣ
⣡
컢ͻõǲܹ⣡
컢ôʵʱһԵĻúͻƼҲǵɴ۾
ðɣʵֹӲ˵Ҳ˵ġǲ֪ĻٹһҲӦ֪ˣ
糾Х΢΢һ̾üԼ˵ˣҲܹʲôġ
׸˵ҲԼˣ
ԼĸǣӦҲǿġ
繫Ӵͽ̣컢˹
糾ХԶһ۵ǼȻǴ׻ʳǴʥ϶Ȼܶǵ֮ģ𣿡
ɶɶ⣿ʥϣ繫˵
컢˵ϸֳһĨŵɫ
ʥϣ繫ӣҴ׻ʳĵ۾úͻƼҲǼʵ
糾Х΢΢ͷӦ֪Ϊʲôղֹӳ˰ɣǴ׵ĵ۾ֹӵǱܵģҲϣܹ֪𣿡
֪֪֪繫ӷģʥϡŶֹӵҵһܣһܣҲԲ͸¶ֵģ
컢˵Щ߶µģ
ó˿̵Ƕôļû뵽μһζԳȻ˵ʥϣ
Ҫ֪ʥǴﰡǿ۳նɱ֮ˣ
ֻû뵽ʥϾȻôᣬ֮ǰһֱ˵Ǽˣ
ò˵ʥϵȷ͵һͿ
컢ͻáƼѶһݵĿԶǵ֮д޾غϣ
˵ղǻ׸λսǾһĻ
ǶףѾǳ޾ľ⣡
Ϣ˵ֱ̫ˣ
˵ĿһεĻص׺λϣ
ʱǣ˾˷֮⣬Ƕһ˿ĵ֮ɫ




2434ˣ
 

Զ
֮һֲսϢ˵ĸǰӿ
Ϊ׵λѩǻҲһ𺳵Ŀףʵû뵽ԼСӣȻ˵ͣ
ֲһղôţҲеİ
˿̣λսѩǻѾЩˣһԵλüͷ
ҲóӦǲ̫࣡
ֻǸСӵȷһЩ
϶
λѩǻЩʹĿԼëҲǸֳһ˿ŭݣ
Сˣ˵ƺһ飡
׿λѩǻҲǵ˵˵㲻޳ܵҪһϰɣ
ߣȺƣʮˣҵҲô
ѩǻʱ׵һ˵Ҳɫһ죡
ղһ˽׸ǲˣָܣ
úֻЩˣټ׵Ĵ̼Ҳһ˵
ǸղŸԹôʱ䣬ǳԸɷģ
˿λӣο֮սҲҪ̫ӣ
ߣСӣøϻɱ
λ𼸺ͬʱ֣֮ĬҲ൱˵ã
ݣ
צ뵶
λһʾǵı壡
ղŵͬһεѾî˾׼ʵʩΧɱ
ϻ㻹ŸʲôϽ
׵űڻС𣬲ûһԣ
οѾǷ֣ƺ˸Χˣ
ߵһսѾʮλΧۣȻǶǳĵȴò
ʲôˣ
λѩǻԭ׼׽ɱǵθոնʱȴһ߾Ȼĳһˣ
ˣλûз֣
뵭˵ɱǵˣ
ߣǿĺܣҵҪôɱģ
ѩǻʸоԼܵƣټΧڶΧߣҲŭһ
໣
һ˺ѷεĽ֮λһεķ˽һǵĿƺߵĻ룡
Գĳɽ֮ϣǱվżӰ
ϴǡǸһðİҡôоһôϤأ
һλӶһλϵӳ
ڴ˵ĻҲǻЩԾģ
ȸһǿߣɵھĸ֣
һ𺳵ģ
ֻϧǣ˱ӡڴ̫̫ˣƺԵЩȻĸо
ۻˣ
ȸһĳǿߣȴֻܹڶԳڵһνϴ
ⲻò˵һַˣ
ۻ˵ԱߣͬһλλǾԳһ
ӦþͿԿóһö
ߣԳգǼһҾȻЩ͸ǻ
ۻдһ˿ı䣬ʵû뵽ȻԼ͸ˣ
ⶫԳ֮Уǲ۲۵Ĵмﰡ
ʲôϴ͸
Գղһûһĵȥϴʲôˣ
Ƕ͸Ļֲ̫һЩɣ
ѲһξȻǿ߻˶Գɣ
ҲһҲпʲôϢҲ˵أ
ۻЩҰο˵һȴҰο˰
¡
ԶͿģ
һȭ
λͷѩǻʾѾɳȥʮԶ
Ҫ֪ѩǻʵı尡ȻܹɳȥôԶһж
Ǳ̫̫Ȼˣ
ǺȻ䷢֣νƺһ̶ˣ
ʮغϣ
λѩǻʾȻϷˣСһķȥ˺üأ
λӣȻ֪׷ʲô飿
ϴǡǼһҸоҶҪֲԳտŷۻˣҲǿˣ
Ҫ֪Ƶİ
ۻ˳ټΧǣߣǵʵǿᣬôأǸۣ
Χǣ֣
ԳһߣҲ˷
ˣ
һͳԳʼ궯
׵ʼմһ˿ĵȻĿŻϻһǿе˰
Ǻǣûµģ뵭˵
ϻɶʱôˣѲûзǱ߻һɵڵ𣿡
ײĿŻ룬һʲôʱôˣ
ಣ
ʮӰ׵˵ΧΪ׵Ǹһ֮⣬༸Լı֣
һʱ䣬糾Х˶оԼˣ
ԭΪûµķ糾ХһθоԼԶˡ




2435´磬
 

Գĳһصɽ֮У
ͻı˶һ±ƣ
ʮλ㳲һ㣬ЩĿ࣡
Լûмƣ
ôǿߣڱ˵ĵϣΣҲüͷֱ壡
繫ӣ⡭ⶼ𣿡
컢ͻõ˿ΧͻȻֵǰˣѾǵ˼֣
λ𣬼ѾǸоһϢˣ
ھȻֳô࣬һǳ׵ľˣ
ǴʥôǿΧҲǳԲɣ
ԭһ˿ϣһƺ׵ˣ
糾ХҲɫһƬı䣬û뵽һξȻҪ⿴ƷǳȫĶԳ֮ڣ
ԭΪ׿϶ûʲô飬ڿΣҲúϣˣ
糾ХȻŴʥϣɣ
ҵ׷ʥϲ
컢ȻЩ־壬Ϊ׻ʳ֮ˣֳѪԣ
ܹн죬ƾ׵һ֮
οԼҲǴʥȣʲôɲȥ֧أ
úͻƼѵҲһӣ糾Хǳ黹ûе˲صĵز
ʲô繫ӣ㡭㲻˵ֹӻа취ɣ⡭ܰ
컢Ƶ̾һϾҲǻʳţȻ˵Ǽʶ㣬ĶȴҲǷǳģ
һԵĻúͻƼѼȻܹμӶԳҲ˵ʵ츳ǿ
ȻͬˣȻ֪ǰֵζʲô
Ե糾Х˵ʱǵϸֳĸǲ˼飡
糾Х΢΢һ̾ʲûеġʥܹŴεĴ漣ôһδزû漣أ
ԭԭ繫ڴ漣
Ƽ̾һܹţ˭Ըȥأ
棬Ҫ̫ˣ
ǲǲŴʥϣҲʵ
ô𣬾ǴʥͷۣҲһ
һԵĻҲ̾һ繫ӣ˵ģһξҵȵĽҲ˵أ
컢ͷܹ֮ǰۼʥϣʥͬǱ컢ҵҫ
糾Х΢΢ҡͷô˵Ǻ˵ǿֹӵı顭
˿̣
׵ıǷƵ·һ龡ƿ֮У
ʵϣһֱ
ٴѣɿԱһ٣
Ƿ糾Х֪һֱ˵ĻͲ˵Ļˡ
˵Ϊе
ôΣϳ˻һ֮⣬Сأ
ʥϹȻǼİȻܹƵұѰ
컢һƨ˹ȥֻ˵Լģ
ҲԼ֮ǰһ˿οɣ
Զ
ۻĿ׵ˣһԵѩǻҲɫ䣡
˶ԸƺСӾȻһСӸŪԸͷ
Ϊ˵ֱһ谡
ϴ󡭡
ѩǻ֮λͷ֮˿ŷۻˣҲǾʷ׳ʣ
ۻ˵ѦҶ㶪ˣ
ϴڸһλᣬѦֵܶȻ˺ķ飡
ѩǻ֮еϴ󣬱ǳҪѦ󣡣
Ǽҵ϶ǽѦѦָõҲǾˣ
Ͽڣ
벻мĿһǸѦǻʣһ㣿Ǳ𿴲㣬ǰ屾ÿһۣ
㡭˵ʲô
Ѧɴ۾Ż룬ҲһȻ
ۻ˵ɫһŻ㡭Ҳ֮ˣ
ô˭𣿡û˵
㡭ȻģΪְкͬۻŭһ㵽֮ˣ
ҲһƬȻ
Կóǰ֮˵ʵԲѦ֮£ղѦֵһ˼Ҳǲ·֣
ԭǻô˵ǿ
һﾹȻģһӷ
壡
˵ǿǵͬ˰Ȼ֮ϣ滹ͦŽģ
뿴ŷۻ˵ۻˣѾʶ˰
⡭㡭ѵǣ
ۻһ˲ɫޱ䣬ǿŹһĿǰ֮ˣĻһӻزأ
Ǻǣۻ˰ۻˣôû㻹ӣզզģһЦ
磬𣿡
ۻ˵ôһŭһԵ˲۾




2436·ۻ˵Ĵ
 

Գ
ۻ˵һŭ𣬲ԭܵЩһ±ƣ
һԵ׺ͷ糾ХҲЩĿɿڴ
ףѾǴ˸һѪսˣ
ȻҲ֪ܴӮˣлСڳһȺ۲ǣ
ֻԼû뵽뾹Ȼۻʶ
ҲǿԿóۻǶԳ֮ڵ
ôҲû뵽ۻ˾ȻΪ磬ʵЩ˴۾
ֹ֡ӣ⡭ô°ǡϻǡ˭Ȼܹȸһ磿
糾Х׵Ȧˣף˶ˣ
һԵ컢˿ףҲЩҴ
λῡʵĵ۾һַǳȫĸо
λ׵۾ĸоҲںηһּУ
׵ϻҵһλѣҲ֮ˡ
Ҳģǡĸİ
糾Хһ㶣漴ЩڴĿŻ룬û뵽λ׵۾Ȼѣ
΢΢һЦ㲻֪𣿷֣
һԵ컢ͻáƼѵҲһڴĿǰľ
еһ˿־峹׵ʧΪǴʥߵʶǱߵ˵ĻǾԵİȫĲ
ֻҪܹţʲôӿĵأ
֮ղѾʮľ棬Ѿ˷ˡ
Զ
˺Ŀⶼ˷ۻ˺ͻϣ
뿴ŷۻһЦۻˣһΪˣû뵽㾹ȻţôȥˣܹһεļѣһЩ˷ܰ
磬㡭㲻ǱǸһ
ۻ˿Ż룬ҲһƵʵ
óʱҲ쳣˷ܡ
뵭˵Ǻǣϼһȷѹһʱ䣬Ҳǽˡ
Ҫ
Ҳû뵽һﵽʱȻҲҪˣ
֮飬ʶǰ˭ϣԼܹ϶һЩأ
ۻ˹һЦˮԭԼˣ磬㡭ôط˵ӦòܰѲҲǱӡˣ
ȻǣǸһλһģ뿴һԶף
ˣ
ۻüͷףʵ벻ͨԻİôܻأ
Ի˵Ϊʹ޵Ӧþˣħ֮ˣ
ڿһ˺ƽദദһӷۻЩˣ
ôˣۻҸ㣬ҪҪ˼أ
뿴һ۷ۻ˵˵
˵磬㿪ʲôЦ弸λǿŪķӡƿ󣬷ܳȥ
ۻҡҡͷøǲܵ飡
һЦۻˣСһֱôԸһ˽ĸ𣿲˵пܣǾпܣ
ϴ󡭡
ԳտһԵķۻˣҲŶĻ֮ҲһĨԥ֮ɫ
Գգ硭
ۻ˿һЩηηԳգҲǳ
磡
ԳҲûа취ۻԭǵĴУڿۻ˷ϴ󶼺˼Ҵ磬˵ͷȻǲСˣ
ֻǶ֪ǰʲôϻϻ˵˭
˵ԳˣһԵҲǲ첻ѣƺҲҪ֪ʵݣ
񣡡뵭˵
ۻ˿һԵԳճԳգ𣿡
ϴ󣬸ղϴ˵ܹǳȥҾÿԳһ°ԳճǱӡôˣŵĻջȥܹž۲𣿡
ˣôأۻԥһ£ǾЩܣ
ϴҾлǱûлҪò𣿷ûκεϣҪɫҪȻǲһҲû̫ʧɣ
Գմ˿֮дΣκһ𣬿¶ôģ
ⶫԳôʱ䣬Ѿˣ
лһ˿˿ܹųȥĻͷ˰ɣ
Ϣܲ˷أ
û˵ۻˣΪ㲻ɣȻǲҪȥǾʹźˣ
𰡣ϴ󡭡
ԳҲЩˣۻˣ
ۻ̾һ磬뵽İ취ҶѾˣûðȻ˵ˣȻҪһģ
㻹űģֻ˸ѣҪȥ㻹˼ҡû˵
ҪҪһСӣ
ۻ˳׵ķˣɴ۾Ƶ˵




2437ݵ
 

ԳڵһĿɿڴĿǰһУ
˵ȥ쿪飡
ǰλϴҪ֮ΪȻ˵ǳȥҪһСӣ
ʵ̫˼ˣ
ܱŲţȻǲŵģ
ô׵ĻǻҪ߰ô
ŻǸ߸ϵӣԳһķѽ⣡
ȻҲǳҪȥǰλϻ˵Ҳ̫һЩɣ
ɻ󣡣
˵дĶɻı飡
Ȼˣɻɲǻǰλ֪ðķϴĴ絽˭
һʱ䣬Գ֮ƺЩ䳡һ㣡
ԳЩСĿǰһԾķۻˣҲǵʵϴ⡭λǣ
Ҵ簡
ۻû˵ܹϵó룬ɲ˶ܹϵó
ΪΪǿ֮һһһֱصĴڣ
ϢǳǿǷۻ֮ǰʶĻһʱỹ벻
ۻԼҲƾǿóϻǻģ
ǡǸ֪Ĵ磬ɡĸİֵǶҪ֪֪
ԳտһԵѦֵܣҲʾǣ
Ѧ̵ͷʵ
Ҫ֪ѩǻҲ𼶱ģǸϻļһﾹȻ˵۶Լһ£
ʲôⰡ
ѲһģɿҲǺ񰡣
ȸһĹϵǳһ㣬ۻҲΪİɣ
˶ǾǰһĻʵЩ֣
ܹ÷ۻĸԸˣ˵ʲôأ
ۻЩȻԭΪѾ֪˻ݣ
û뵽ԼֵܾȻɶҲ֪ҲԼΪԼ֪˱˾֪ˣ
ۻ˳ҴȻǵΪǿ֮һһĻϵˣ
Ȼǻ𣿡
ԳȻ˵׵ģһﵱһ֮嶼ǳͷۣ
ʵԲһĴڰ
οһ岢Բûеġ
һ̫ٵĻһĶˡ
ǿԴڶ࣬һȴҲΪǿ壡
Ȼǵֻ࣬ҪһģǸĳ֣
ۻ˵˵˲ʶѲҴ綼ʶ𣿡
ЦŵۻˣһΪҽʲô֪ˣ
Ȼһҵ谡
ѦԼԴֲ֮ǰ˼ôţ˼Ҳİ
˵Ǵ֮еĻĻ̫ţˣ
˼ҿҲ൱ģ֮ǰһĨ֮УѾǿԸܵһķǿˣ
һ壡
ܹɽ磬ɪɪ
ȫΪһǷǳǿ
ЩڿʱҲЩɵĸо
Զ
糾Х컢һȻĿԶ
ʵһֱڵȴǱ˵ݣȵ֪ݵʱȴʵֲ̫ˣ
һ壡
ɽѾǽʧ壬Ҳ֪ǵԼԭ
ҪҵһټѾǷǳˣ
ڶ½ҶôΪģ
οҲǷΪֵܶģһǾܹ춯ص֣
ֹôǿһôأ糾Х˼ĿԶ
һԵ컢ҲЩֵ˵ʥϹȻǿ󰡣ֲܹ˾춯ص飬֪ˣ
úͻƼҲ쳣˷ܣһǸоΣЩˣ
Ǳ߻ߣǶǱݸˣ
ˣҪһһէˣҾһ䣬벻ȥ
뿴ŷۻ˵ӣԵҲЩͷ˵
룬ζ밡磬ܹǳȥĻԺҷۻ˵Ķˣ
ۻ⻰Բ˵ļٻڵܹȥĻǶĶˣ
˵Ķ˲ǣ
Ҫܹȥ˭Ըʺĵطأ
뵭˵ȻȥǾҪֹӵ˼ˣӦǱлᡣӦҲûа취ˣ
һСӣǰӦĻǾҪÿѦһզզ˵
㣿Ҳ֣Ϊ˼ҵĶ֣ҿ㣬˼ɱҲǷǳɵġο˼ҵ߻һλǿ߱Ҳǰ׸
ĳѦһѪ֮ɫıˣ
ѦоԼˣҲӲҡҾͲ߻ʲôǿߣб
𣿡
ѦЩΡΡ˵ŵʱһһεϮ




2438¿Ҫ
 

ѦĿǰͻȻֵһ
֮ǰһΪΪԼͻȻԲ˵Ļ
ܹһλΪѣѾ弫ˣ
أ
ǰȻ˵Լ֮⣬Ȼһλǰһѣ
ԸΪǲܵ飡
ۻһԲδ廰ʵҲҪ뵽˵ǲģ
ۻڶԳ֮ڣҲǸͷͷɣ
ԸĵȥһСӣοôûҲ֪ڵǸʲô
ȻҲ֪֮ԼҪǿһЩɶԳǸʲôط
ȫһյĿռ䣬ۻ˾ϴ
һҲԲԼ¼ʮλĶ֣
һӹɵģ
Ͼۻ˵ʵ֮ȻЩ𣬿ɲҲرĴ
ǻǴţĻôۻ˾ԼǿԿģ
Ҫһﻹ˰ĻľͲ˵ˣ
һˣǼĥ¶ܹԼ˸ĥ
ľ磬һ
𿴷ۻ˶ԻڿĺŴ磬ǰʲô粻ģ
˭
ѦĿͻȻֵһҲǴһ˿ʵ
ֻѾǺˣΪƺҲǰ֮˵ʵ
ʱһԵķۻѾĿɿڴĿǰһУ
צ
Ȼֻɵ۳ڵצһսԲѰܹ֮ģ
ǷۻˣȻսʤһʵҪڼһأ

ۻһԼоԼЩȦˣ
СС壬Ҳڱǰʴʣ
СŭһӿȥҲǼΪĿֲ
ҵҪʲô͡ѦǿеĸСȥ
ûа취̨׶ûе£Ҳһƣ
С𵭵˵ðѩǻһʵǿᣬҽŪԳԣǻʵӦ̵İɣ

ѦֱӾҪֻ֣ǾҪֵһ̣ۻѾǳĸǰ
£
ۻ¶֮ɫȸһ˵ǸϵһֱǺܺã
ɼǹϵٲãҲҪȥİɣ
ǰλ𣬾ȻĻצ
÷ۻһ嵽Ǻηʥ
ȻܹûצΪ令ݷɽ¶Ǻѳֵİ
ϴһʵ̫һЩҡҪѵѵ֪ߵغļһ
Ѧ֮һңϻװһµı飡
ҲǿѦˣһݼҲǵǷ켫
ۻŭһһȥҲܹѵ𣿡
ۻʵƵĺܣһѾͷˣټһλӻеĻ
𣿡
ѦĲһܵȴ˼ɫ֮Ұ׿ɼһߣ
һԵԳҲڵ𾪵ĿС𣿷ϴ⡭ôܣ
ôܣλ𲻵ͨһǿߣĻצһĳ𣡡
ۻȻԸϣҲ֪ǰ֮ʵЩǲ𰡣
ʱԼû˼ҸôȴǵԼһɧ
ԲǷۻԸ⿴ʵ
ۣ
еС𣬻Ļצʱǳ׵ıˣ
Ҳ̫˼˰ɣ
һߣôǿأ
һ廹壬ǿɶĽ
־ȻΧһ˴תʵǾ÷˼
ո֮ǰǻ룬һצʲôǣ
ǰ⡭ǷӡǾȻҲҽͲ³ȥ𣿡
ѲɸղŻǰ˵ģǸСܹǳȥ
Ȳ̸ȥȥɣһСðĻǶЪ˰
һʱ䣬ǿһİ֮ǰְȣ
ڵǾ˪һ㣬ˣ
СȻĿ˵˭ģ˭ĸҶҴ粻֪֪Ϊʲôô죡
ۻϼһ˿ЦݵǶ֮ˣֺαɱأ
ղŲǿźҪɱôСЦһ
ᣬⶼᣡ磬˵仰ۻЩεĿŻ룡
Ǳõôˣ
ǰҲǲʶ˰ɣ
ڷۻЩüʱ׵֮һĳˣ




2439׵
 

壡
ʵһΪѪͳ壬ǿһ֮ɫ
˵צӳһ̾עĲƽ
ͬҲˣΪһ֮ˣʹһǿ
ЩȻƽʱȥһקĸһʵһ֮Ҳֻܹ̾ˣ
һĻ֣ѾλƲˣ
Сĳ֣˵ǳ׵ĸı˳ϵƣ
糾Х컢һԿǰС֣ҲѾǳ׵ı𾪵ľˣ
𣬷·ƾճһ㣡
ȳˣ
ۻˣΪԳڵУҲòŵԼ̬׺úõ̸һ̸ˣ
ܹͬʱ𳼷֮ˣʲô֮ô
ۻ˿׼һ˿Цݵֹӣҷۻû뵽ֹܹͬʱһΪѣǷ˼
ʵϣڵķۻǷǳƣ
òܵһĻĻţ
΢΢һЦɻǰ𿴵ҵȲѶѣ
ѣ
ۻ΢΢ҡͷѣ¹ϵҲǷǳ֣
ǰ֮˼ȻܹʹĶ˵ȹϵ
뵭ĿһףʵҲǼΪ֮ˣ
ټۻѣȻҲǲڷۻ˵ĸǰˣ
˵ԼˣҲܹôţΪϾʵ
ײԼΪǰ˵ѹϵѾǸ˻ˣ
Сνĺܣ
û׵Ļ˵ʲôˣԼµ׶һأ
׵ȻһЦȻˣôϴĳܹǿԵĻҵҲԳΪѲ𣿡
Ȼֹܹһ֮˳ΪѣȸһȻҲڻ¡ֻҪֹ֪ӵʲôĵ˵ܹǻȥأ
ۻΪľˣǰһﵽƾʲô˵ܹأ
Ҫ֪Գ쳣ڶ࣡
ЩҲкüʮλ֣
ʵ벻ͨһﵽʲôֶͨΣܹƳλɵۺڵǿΪ۵ķӡأ
΢΢һЦ˲˲ãҵǲǿϴߣ
죬꣡ҷۻ˱ôãܹȥĻٺòˡ
ۻ˿ףһֱ׵۾
˿õĿŷۻ˵ߵļһ¼ɣҵʲôֶΣֻ˵ˣ

Ĵڣ
ȻҲ֪Ʋ¶׵ĵЩ֮˵ʱȥ˵Ļ鷳¿»ԴԴϣ
˵ۻˣôϻ߾ߣ
ҲԵЩͷŷۻЦһ
ҡȻߣ磬ֹֻΪʲôҪأӦǲûİɣ
ۻԥĵطڣ֪⵽ǲһԵķ
ܹȥȻǷǳĺõģ
ɵۺǿߵķӡȻ֪ȷӡĹԼΪǿң
ܹǵϢҪ˸ֵϢǿǾ޿ܵģ
׿ŷۻ˵˵ȻУǿ̸ģ
ʲô
ۻ˿ףЩԵʵ
ЦŵҪһЩ޵ڵӦеİɣ
ڵڵĹ屦ȶ󰡣ֹҪȻҪһģ
ڵ
ڷۻ˵ֱһĶҪҲû̫ô
ۻ붼ûʹӦˣһЩڵѣ
׹һЦǰ㿴ǵ̸ĺܿ𣿡
ֹӵȻһЩǻЩġ
ۻһֱԼһƵĵλʵϾΪȡ̸еȨ
֪׾ԲܾôһģҪ֪һҪȵǿǼʮλ𰡣
ʱûãϣǰԴӦ
׿ŷۻ˵˵˻һܿۻ˵ɫͱˣ
ֹ㻹ҰİӦҲȥ𣿡
ۻĿŭһ
ϴۿɲܴӦһʵ̫
Գյ׵ĻҲһŭ
ѡˣҵѾˣǰӦ֪ĳǺ֮ˣ
һεĽѡȨ׸˷ۻˣֻķۻ˿ȥɫӵѿˣ




2440̨׵ķۻ
 


⼸˵ǽԼһ
ʵɽԿɲԷģοôأ
ֻءӦˬ
ⷢĿƼ򵥣ʱǲʵֵĻ¶ԺķۻҲżӰģ
ۻҪȥлǻŷģ
κһߣǾԲܷԼģ
ҲΪʲôۻҪȥһԭ
Σ׷¾ǲǿˣ
Էۻ˲Ż˵ںԣ
ķˣԺ󿴵׾ͲԾİһͷˣҲϣģ
ֻոҪŭȴѾǱǸСӸˣ
ۻܲŭ
ǷŭҲûκεİ취ΪƺҲֻСе취ˣ
ҪСûʲô취Ļ˵ʲôأ
ǳȥĻ˵Ҳڰ˵
ۻĿ׵ֹҪʵ̫ˣҲǲܴӦ
ۻ֪һӦףԺһΪԼĳ⣡
ҪȥȴֲҪĴӦһＸ
ǣҿ㻹ۣҲ֮顣ǲܸĵģϾһξȵĿô𣿡
׿ŷۻˣôĻǴڶԳĻǻҲĶ࣡
ҪǳȥĻǿ϶Ǳɣ
ڷۻ˵ĲǳȥԺ
˵ķۻȻ֪׵ʲôֶΣƺĬ׿Դǳȥ
˵˵ۻˣһô˻ô԰֪˵ĻǵҲȰˡǸã
磬˵⻰û˼˰ɣۻͬ
һԵȻһ϶¶˷ŭ֮ɫʵǵ֮ȴڴ֮ɫ
˵ǷϴӦˣʲôϵأ
ȻǷϴӦ飬ɾˣ
˵ڳЩǣһԸȥأ
ǵƺ׵У˵ۻ˵У
׿ŷۻ˵˵ǰҾûǰ˵Ĳ޵ʵϣҵҲסһˣǾҲûлȥˣȡô˵ɣѲɲ𣿡
ϴҡҾ˵ҲЩ
ԳƺҲǷӦ˹ȷԼ˴ߵĻǸʲôأ
Ծô˵Ǿֵõģ
ΪⶫԳӡ֮ʵ̫ϡûа취
һȥ
ۻ˿ԳյӣҲһ
鲻ҪӦ˲Żأ
Գ㬵ߵһԣ׿ŷۻ˵ǰ˵
뿴׵˵ȸһʲôǻģ
Цҡҡͷԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬϲѣ
ʵԼĿǣһӻҪȥһȦʱзۻһĻٲֵĶ಻첻
ôҲûҪΪԼ
Ͼǲܵ飬óЩ˶Էۻһεأڶ۳֮УİȫϵҪ̫ˣ
Ƿۻ˵ôĴ׻øϻ
ѾȥͳȥȥͲȥʲôأ
ۻ˿üͷܹסһеĻұӦ
ۻˣ㻹ǸҪ
ŭһŷۻҲŭ
һԵҲסˣһǲǸɵȱ
ԼҪһģһȻҪԼ֣
ԾĹԼи̵Ļôȥ
Ҳ֪ۻﻢ£
ϣͨķʽһ̨ף
׿ŷۻ˵ȻǰȤĻұһ·ǰĸˡ
ôˣǿֱӴҵȳȥǾνģ
ۻ˵ҲǱ׸Ūǰûӣ
Ҫһıӣ
ǰ˵Цˣֻϣǰܹ˵㻰
ۻ˿Ц˼ҷۻȸһǿߣȻ˵㻰ǱˣǱģ
ۻ˵Ļף
ʵϷۻѾˣҪĲһףȻΪԼһһЩ϶ѣ
ãȻ˵ĻϣǰԼסԼĻ
׿һ۷ۻˣֻǽһһжѣûзأ
ֻûзϣǱ˷




2441´۾Ľ
 

һﲻɵ۳ڶѣȻҽӷϴһУ
ҿһҪù˰ϴֿɲģ
ǰҵȺþûмϴˣȻϴҪһӦҲˣ
һԼܹ˭أҲ˵ûб´ǳȥŵľͷ֪ĻΪɵۺڵĸأ
һʱ䣡
һ˷ʵ֮ҲǷǳìܣ
һϣܹǳȥһֲ븶̫Ķ
һߣ
糾Х컢˵ϵҲһķƵ
֣ʥӦòµİɣ
컢Ȼʮ㣬Щǵʵ
һԵķ糾ХδڣƼѾǵʦ֣ʥʵɲ⣡ΣҾʥϿ϶ս޲ʤģ
ǰҲ̫ԼˣǸ֪ʥϵҲЦŵ
糾ХһʥܹնɱɵڵǿߣʵǲСɵڵҲİ
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ǹϵĴзۻˣȻһλɵ۳ڵСӴҲһûţ
ղŵţƺһ̶ѾƵĲˣ




2442Գ
 

⡭ʲôʱô˰
ǰɵ۳ڼ֮ˣȻܹɵڵǿ߶ǲ˼鰡
ҪֵļһȻܹȸһĳɱз᰿˰
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һηϴҪˣҵδؾǻ°
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ȻλΪײǷۻ˵Ķ֣
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ԭһׯµ飬οۻ˵Ա߻ôأ
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ۻ˵ȻԿóһһ䶼Ǵһ˿ҧгݣ
׿ŷۻ˵ӣǷǳ⣡
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׿ŷۻˣҲЦŵ
붫Գһʱ䣬ҲǷǳż
һԳû뵽澹Ȼ˴

ǾԲܱ¶ģҲҪһĽ
ŷۻ˵˴ҴȥӣСЩü
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Сһۻ룬һ˵Ҳǲ԰
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׿ŻСЦŵǰ˵ûʱֱӽмɡοɲҪܹ˵ģ
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С̾һðɣǾ߰װ׵ĵ첻ɣ
΢΢ҡͷȻǣѾ㽫֮жһռӦҪѸһʱ䣡
ռ䣿ɴ۾ף
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ЦŵԭĿռ䣬ڵĵطǵĿռ䡣Ҵ㽫һһطһĿռ䣬Ǽǽ֮УҲ̫עģ
⡭ܹûѾ̾Ϊֹ˰û뵽Ȼܹҿٿռ䣿ֱ̫˰һ׻ô껹ûмôţĶأ
ҲĿףѾЩⷶΧˣ
΢΢ֵȵʱǰͻ֪ˣЩˡҲ̫֮
ȻԼˣЩ黹ǲ֪Ϊã
οʱȻܹ٣Ǻŵ飡
һ˵©Ļ׻ľͳΪʸ֮ˣ

κһɽ˵ǶǼջһֶ
糾Х컢˿һֱվԶҲûκεĶôĿţ
ķ糾ХѾǾԼǵ蹵һĲˣ
һԵ컢˵֮иǴһ˿ȵ֮ɫ
֮
ۻ˼ҴҵĴһڸֳ׵֮У
Ҳû̫ķϻֱӽۻ˵뵽֮У
Գ·һ±ָƽû֪浽׷ʲô
ͬʱԳĴһοһεĶԳ֮ǳ׵Ľˡ




2443ʦ
 

۳ʹ֮У
ʱһζǶԳӣ
ԭЩžĵ۳ʹһҲ
֮ϣ
۳۾ōϴһ˿΢ЦԱة͵һͳ˧콧
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λһƷٷӱǶ۳ʦ£
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ž濴ԼĸףҲǵ
ōʵǰ̨֮׼׼ɡ
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ž֮һĨԥ֮ɫ뿪ߣ
֪ԼĸԼرܣ֪Ϊʲô飿
ǸּļһỊ̄Լĸŭ
֪ĪǾԲܻͷģ
žֻϣǸּСܹĪ뿪۳ȥĳط
ٻܹһЩƵǣСӾȻһεĳ˶Գı֮У
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2444Ե
 


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2445һŵĺ
 

л
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콧ҲһЦǾ¾Ϊ˹ʾһԼغǿѣ
ʵϴ콧Īνݲʮֵţ
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žҡҡͷΪ˽Լʱ䣬˭ΪԼõڵ࣬˭̨ô򵥡
붫Գ֮ǰ۳ΪÿһλԳṩһŵĴָ
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һλ߻ĳźĸǰ˹ȥӣ뽫ָڵڵóɡ
ಣ
λ߻֮ʣѾǹһ˿Цݣ
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΢΢һЦֻûҵɵ۾ޣź
ž浭ʵ˭ܹȵùӵģǰ򱾴ιھǺӵģ
δ䣬һӰ˵ĸǰ




2446³۬ĺ˳ɼ
 

öɻڵڵһöɻʺڵڵ
ȳɼѾǼΪĿֲˣ
⺫ϲͷټһΪĲоԼĳɼѾ൱Ĳˣ
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ȻʥɽѧԺ˰ɼҲ̫ţһЩɣ
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ߵĻƺ³۬ҲһļƤ
ЦһǺǣҲǿ۰
߼˵۳̫ӵ£նöɻʾڵڵʮöɻʾڵڵʮöɻʾڵڵδţδŰ
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λ˵֮ԳҲһƬĻȻ
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2447
 

⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣ̶̼ʱôɱ֮أ
Ҳ³۬ʲôݣǿδŹ
ǰҿһЩģһεĹھûκεˣ
û뵽ö۳ȻҲᰵֱˡ
۳ʹ֮У
ܶμӶԳ֮˶Ƿ߷߲ƽ
ΪǿھѾڶˣȫƾԼı£
һɵ۳ڵǿߣǿҲô̵ʱնɱôްɣ
³۬վ룬ҲǸֳһĨЦ⣡
ѹҲҪģڱˣ
ƾԼʵʵĻǰ
۷׷ף³۬ΪֻǵĿһУ
ֻǾΪԼĹھȵʱȴȺ֮߳һˣ
һЩϤȴһЩ벻ˣ
ʵϣ׵ݱ֮֮ǰҪӵǷټɵ۾ɱ䣬һһӻǲ̫ϵó
ȻˣϤȻνˣ
³۬ҲֻϷ۳һѣټΪһǸĻԶÿһۣ
ҪһߵĻ³۬Ҳκεĵλģ
ԣ³۬ôһʶĸо
³۬׾Բܳȳ֮УҪ
ܶϣ
Ϊжϣ³ֻ۬Ŀף
ԭΪ³ܹ۬ϳԼû뵽ȻֻüͷȻֲ֨ˣ
Ǻˣ
λ߿˳Ҳ
ȻǲμӶԳ֮ˣּ򣡡
׿ǰλߣҲǵ˵
ּ򣿣
ƺ˵ּļһڶ´ԺſӮ˼ţ
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ȻһǽӮĪ̵ķģɵƾһ˸ڸŽа壬˹Ŀ࿴ˣ
ֵģϽһȥʵҲ˼ۣ
һ˳ҲЩһ
ٿû׼ȷҶλ°ܽ°
׳ĿźһﻹԼ̲˰
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٣㡭㼸˼ɴ۾ף
žʱվ˳֮ǰ־һֱûвУ
Ϊʵ̫ˣԳ½ŽȻ԰ķʽ
Ϊ´ԺԺǷǳĶˣ
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׹֣ȻŹž浭һЦ
߳ѲǱ³̫۬ӵµڵ𣿡
žҲøܣϾ³۬õЩڵѾǸɵ
ټǰСӵʵҲһ㣬һоǲܵģ
ֻǹž沢֪һﵽʲô˼Ϊʲôƫƫʱ߳
ѲһﻹԼעĿ
ǱԼĸ֪ǴĪ̵˵ĻһòӾҪɱˣ
΢΢һЦү˵û¼Ȼڶ۳ȻҲܹԼļſ˶˹ھɣҲǲͰ
㡭Ƕ۳ˣ
žһ㶣ôͲ֪ⶫ۳˵أ
ּûô˵һĪ˵Ļÿһһ
ô⻹мٲɣ΢΢һЦ
žҪùھȻƾʵ˵ģ
ĳСС֮ˣȻҲڴ˴ԲѣүѲǶ۳רžͳЩС𣿡
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žĿ³̫۬ӵ£עĴǣ
ǣڿȻ˵ҪӮңֱǿ֮³۬ȻƢãɻûкõʲô˶ҵĲأ
³֮۬Ĩһ˿ɱԽԽЩ죡
˿̣Ժ֮ڲϵţҪ˵˭
׿³۬̾һҪ̫ԼˣУҲǸѣ
ˣ
۳Ļʹһ˲ըһ㣬۳̫ӣ
ֱǲҪĽడ
ҪļһôӮ˱ģ
³֮۬ɱƵ֣ڳ̫ĻּļһѾˣ
𣿡
׿³۬ѾǶһöӲӵڵ




2448¹ھ
 

۳ʹ֮У
һ˲䣡
еĿⶼ׵ϣ˶֪ǰλּļһȻ۳׷ѰĴ׵۾ף
³۬Ҳ׾˵ѹҲλ׻ʳСС۾Ȼ뻢ڣ
ûȥ룬ȥȴײ֣
֮ϣ
ōʹ仹콧˶һȻĿǰּ
ǵͷƤһķ飡
ō䲻֮俴һ£˿ͻȻоһЩĿ£
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ǰСӸղŲ˵ڶ۳
Ѳ⴫˵֮еıСӣ
ѹҲʶһǲ֪һﵽǴĸʯͷQİ
俴Զּʥϣ˾Ȼ˵Զ۳Ҷ۳ƺδ֮˰
ǰ˵˭³۬¶ĻǶҶ۳ɲʲô°
콧Ҳǵǵ˵֮ѾһƬ䣡
ڴ콧˵һεǾԲκεʧġ
ō䵭˵ԳδܹԽ³۬Ļֻ˵ˣ
ʵϣ
ōѾǸܵһЩͬǴ콧ӦҲ
ǹōѾûκε·ˣ
һԵʼնûп˵һ仰ҲһֱԶף
ƺҪǰһ￴һ㣬ôƺ㲻һ·
üͷӣōʵʦĪ˵ıǴˣ
΢΢ҡͷʥϣϳ֪
ߣǱҲת۳֮ǿǿϣЦһ
һԵ콧ҲǵͷʱQûκε壡
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ڹōʱȴ׵ѾǶһöڵ
ɵ۾ڵ⡭ôܣ
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Ҫ֪ԳĹؾڵӦĵȼӣ
һǰᣬǾ޵ľ磡
ٸ˵һöɻʾڵڵɱκε޵ڵ
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俴һ콧˧԰꣡
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һԵĹžҲһЩ
۶Ƶ
Բʲô£ž汾ܵĸоĪ̵˾Բ࣡
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ǰӮˣҲ޸ܰǿϧˣ
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ȷǺܶԸõĶɼǵõҲȥܲǣ
ǰּļһ¾޸֮ˣ
ž濴һףȻֻͷ˿ō䣬ōĿһ䣬漴Źžͷ
žһ˴ζԳĹھΪԶ۳ּ򣡡




2449ŵּ
 

ھּ
ƺѾûκ飡
һﵽǴʲôطõɵۼڵ
ǽѾǲܸıˣ³۬ɫ˼㣡
ó˿ѾڱߵıԵˡ
׶ڣ糾Х˵ǾúǿۿôӶԳڹģ
οһλɵ۳ڵޣʥУ
糾Хţֻӵľʣ
žվ׵ĸǰѹԼּȻһƻҶ۳Ĵ£˭ĵӣ
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׿Źž棬ЩĿŹžʵ
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үȻ̵ѣȻҲҵѡֻһûа꣬Ȼߣ
׵˵һμνĶԳǸͷѣ
ʵĿľǽ³۬溷ƵĶ䣡
֣Ǳ֪Ī̵Ļ֪Σ
žһ䣬ֻ֪ҪٹһЩʱ䣬ʿ϶֪һĴˡ
֮ǰڶ´Ժ飬Ȼܱʣ
ֻȱһѸʵˣ
׵ȻһЦһʼգүģ
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žɫѿˣû뵽һﵨǷʵĺܡ
ֻǹžԼҲЩ벻ͨһȥʵһ㣬Ϊʲôƫƫôأ
֮ǰĪ̵飬ǲһɺϣ
ֻ˲֪ѣһεĶԳ³۬ڵ۳İ£ȻСռ˱ˣ
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ž濴Լĸ׳˹Ҳǹ
ōԭŭʧȡ֮һ˿ЦݵҶ۳˲żüãû뵽λ꾹ȻΪҶ۳ڶԳ֮жӢ۳갡
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񽻷棬εսɱһ㣡
㳡ҲǱ޾ѹ֣

״˻һһʱ۳Ļʹ֮оԺȻ֮ɫ
һĪǷ˲ɣȻҸ۾˵
ߣһ￴˰һССĶԳĹھѣ
ǣĲ֪Լʲô𣿸Ҹʥ˵
֮ǰһЩأڿȫһɵȱ
ӣһߣ
ϾǶ۳Լҵĵ۾һ֮裡
Ϊ۳ĳôܹأ
һߣ
³۬ͺαʱվɽѾʧ˶Գ֮У
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⺫ȻҲʲôʡ͵ĵƣ
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³۬ںһ˿֮ģ
˭úʥɽأ
һ̫ţʱԼôĿ¶֪˵
һԵαʱ³۬ͺ΢΢ҡͷҵǾһЩŹ֣Ѳǲ𣿡
Ź֣ʲôŹ֣ʵһԵ³۬ҲٹŹ֣Ҳ·һ
ǲ˵Ը񣬿ɽ˼ʮ𣿿ȴö˶˵վߣһŰ裡
αʱɻҲһԵһü
һԶ۳С𣿡м˵
αʱƺҪ˵Щʲô΢΢ҡͷðɣҲҶˣ
Զ
ōʵû뵽ǰһѾŵһо㵵ĵزˣ
Ŷŵ꣬ōȻ֮һЩȤ
һĨȵ޼رһ޿ˡΪԳĹھ˵˵ɣҪʲô
ʲôԣ׵űʵ




2450µҵˣ
 

Գھ
ʵںܶ˿һĻᣬܹĻȻǸжµ֣
ǰһƺ۳ĵ۾ԻԵôİ裡
˵оǲʶô֣
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ӶңŭһѾǻðɣ
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׶ڣô콧оһı
һεı¸УȻϣĽ
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һεĶ۳ʵһӣ۳֮仹Ÿεĺ
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һ㶣û뵽һﲻԼԼ뵽һεľأ
ōһЦСӣȻЩȻѾڣȻǿھһ
κ׹һЦʵ
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ʵϹōڶЩˣԭΪ϶³۬ùھ˵ʱҲûô趨
ھͻȻ֮ˣЩֲ
Ϊ۾ԣ˵ȥĻóȥˮ
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СӣǸҴŭգҵȱض֮أ
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ǣ֪۾ɷӦ׿ŹōҲЦ
ȻҶԳĹھִӦһôȻǰԧˣĸŮӣֻҪ㿴ˣ޾޶
ōЦֻһԵѾɫֱ䣡
Ĭ˶ڵȴ
۳ĲԶһ¥֮ϣ
һλŮϼ֮ȴһ˿վԱߵһλƺڰο
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ʽʲôʱʼ
溷ƵЩӲ˵֮вһ˿У
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溷ƵϸֳһĨڴı飡
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ҡһΪʲôأⶫԳĹھ˶Ҳɽ֮ƣ
溷Ļ֮ҲĨһ˿ʧ
Ź溷Ƶӣһε£ū֪ЩʲôǲҪͷˣǸһǲֵܳġǶ۳֮ĲҪˣ
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溷ЩҵĿıѾǳ
˹£ĵ׼öʽɣȥɡ
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ڴʱһƺ쳹۳Ļʹ˸оһĪ𺳣
ҵˣ




2451±ϲӵĹ溷
 

۳ʹŹڣ
溷ƺǱʲôʱĹ溷Ѿһģ
۳Ϊ۳ȴֻܹΪһӣ
溷ݵĹȣƺȴȲѰܹ֮ҰҺޣ
溷һʮǰڴܻʳĳôȥˣһ伣
һѶûУù溷ҲЩʧ䣡
Ǹ߸ϵ³۬溷ƶǸʵǿȴһӻԽȴŨ壡
˿̣
溷Ϥ쳹۳Ļʹ֮У˶Щɵˡ
ŹǡǼһˣ
Ҳ¶һ˿Ȼı飬ƺЩ̫
溷Ƶϲ֪ϲûǱˣԼ͵ˣôôɵʱΪ𣿡
ŹѲɲ֪һͷ
ЩһֱչѾûйĹˡǼһһЩͻͽӰֲ𣿡
溷ƴ˿ѾǷɳ˴⣬Զŵ۳ʹ㳡
ǵϤӰͬŵ

溷ƵһůƮϣôһΪԼ
Ȼ˿̵Ĺ溷ƺϣվߵʱȴһĿģ
֮ǰʦ˵ıԭΪǿЦġƺЩˣΪѾɽǿˣ
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溷֮һĺ֮ɫԶҲЩˣ
ʱĵ۳ʹ㳡֮ϣѾһĽţ
׵һ׵Ľˣ
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û뵽ˣȻôһϷ
㳡룡
ōü֮һĨŨصɱɱûκεأ
˭ó˿̵λ۾ȥѾ͵˼ˣ
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ō˫΢΢һǿˣ߲ƣ
ǰˣȻ֪һԲô򵥵ģ
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ݸһЦ۾˵ѾˣղŶ۾ǴӦ£ĪҪ˲ɣ
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ЦһŹͶϣѲɶ۳Ϊֺ۳ܹ˵ɥʧŮⶫ۳Σ𣿡
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ʵϣ˵Ĳûд۳¼ޣǱȻεԭģ
οһεĹōʵЩΪǶ۳ʵǱ۳ϵĻ𳯶пܵģ
۳Ԯ۳۳һӣϷ۳ƺֻںԼһĶֵأ
ڶ۳ûκεİ취ֻܹù溷Ϊ۳ӮôϢĻᣡ
۾ǳĳĹδӣǶ۾Ӧ¡
׵˵ֻû˵꣬һεվ˳
˵˶ҲȢҵ۳ҲԼǸʲô
úúãõúܣû뵽溷˾Ȼű˽Ƕ۳Ǻõúܰ
³۬ĵĶħһ㣬쳣
̫ӣģ
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溷ƣ
ōŭһ˿ɫѿ˼㣡
õ۳۾Ȼһλ۳̫ӸŪ˵ıڣ




2452
 

³۬ŭˣ
ΪɽΪǿɹ̫ӣŲòŭɣ
Լ˸ˣ
ǵô˵棬Կ
ڵ³۬쳣ѻ溷ƾȻԼ֮󣬾Ȼǣ壡
˼ҶˣⲻЦʲôأ
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³۬ԽԽСӵĳַ·ڸ³۬һ㣡
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ѻ𣡣
ʵ̫ѻˣ
³۬ĸǰō޲һּļһ
ΪĻҲ³۬ôԼȴûκηɣ
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һ뵽ߣѪӿԴ裡
溷ԼĸʽԼʱҲһĹ̡
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溷һվ׵Աߣ
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2453⻼Ķ۳
 

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۳ҲǾԵǿȨ
³ָ۬ŹōԱߵ¶һ˿֮Цӥ磬ɱĿɲǹō䣬




2454¹żΣ
 

˿̣
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溷ƺƺȥһֿԧĸо
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溷ף׵̫ɵˣ֪ǲܣΪʲôҪأ
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һ˲䣬һεסˣ




2455Ǵ׵۾
 

ōµѾٴһ㣡
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һʱ䣬۳ĻʹЩҲ۸ӣ
ǹōҲЩˡ




2456𺳵ĵ۳ʹ
 

۳Ļʹ
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һʱ䣬ʮ̫ѾǽΧ룡
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ō΢΢һ̾溷ưû뵽㾹Ȼʥ˽㡭ô˵˵Ļø˵ı
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溷Щ۵ĿԶʮ̫Χף
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Ϊǵƺ֮䶼λ׵۾˨һ𡭡




2457²Ҫʮ̫
 

۳㳡֮ϣ
ѾǱ۳֮еʮ̫Χ룬һԵĹōҲǱ콧ı֮һԣ
ֻ콧˲δ֣Ϊֵʸûˣ
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λ׵۾սʤ³۬Ļô˾һжǰ׷ˣ
׵۾ӥĵʶ֣֮Ҷ
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׵۾ȻǺǰ£Ȼܹ˵ⷬѲΪʮ̫ǰ𣿡
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οʮ̫Զֺ¹˭أ
ֻӥõаǲ֪׵ĺֻж٣
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ټڶ۳ԼҪĳµĻǾԲС£
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׿ӥ˵һϣ
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2458²
 

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2459С֮
 

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˶ǵһǿʼ治ɫĴ׵۾ߵˣһиоЩµûţ
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Ż䣬۳ĻʹһҲǷ




2460һʮĻ룡
 

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ӥ˵ͬʱ˲֪׺СƺѾǽĿ׼³۬ϡ




2461³۬Ҫܣ
 

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³۬ȻǱɣ޿ɲѼӴ޵߷ˣ
˵Ŀⶼڻʮ̫ĳԾ֮еʱ׵ӲĽ˵߸صĸǰ




2462³۬½Ծ
 

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2463¾ӥ
 

۳̫䣡
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ҲԥȻոնɱ³۬ʮ̫Ҳһв
ڽնɱʱһв
ӥ翴˷ף֪Ǵȥˣ
̫Ҳӻص۳ɣڵʱԼֻˣ
ߣףɱ̫ӣҵ۳վ͵۳ıɣҪʮ̫»û£
ӥ˵꣬ʣµʮһѾ׼Ųͬķ룡
˵ףʮ̫Ҳɵڵǿߣ򲻹׵Ҳˣ
Ҫ׵˼׷ѶҲ൱İɣ
ӥ죬޼Ȼ鲻ߣǶȱ㲻ߵˣ
׵ȻһЦһĨʼյҲһĻ㱣
ӥЦƾ𣿵ȷǵʵҪʤҵһҵҪ룬Ҳûκεİ취
ԣ׵˵
ӥ˵֮ڲߣΪм仰Ҫ˵
֮Ҳơ޵ϣӥܹ˵һЩԳ׳
ӥЩѵ˵ף㳹׵ļŭ۳͵ȴҵ۳ıɣ
Ҫ˵ĻԴʧ˵޼Ȼ֣ǱȻȫ׼ûлῴˡ
ߣСˡˣ
ӥʵҲЩģһﵽţ
ʮ̫ӶӲȥĻǵǶ˶ˣ
ӥĲԼӲȥʧһˣҪ˵Ӳȥ׵ʲộ
Ѳкֲɣ
кֵĻҾóˣҪȵ
ʥϽˣҪôɵڵǿߣⲻܰɣ
ǰҵҲò̫ܣĪʥΪŻŻˣ
ҿпܣʮ̫ȥƺЩĶӵζ
˵ʥϵǿҲһܹסˣ
ӥ˳Ųͬķɢȥһ˲ʧ׵ĸǰ
׵ı飬ܶ˶λ׵۾ղһţЩˣ
ʮ̫һûס׵۾ղŵĻԵôͻأ
Ϊӥȥ鳾صʱ
Զ
Ȼ֮䴫Ǿ춯صһɵ۾ǿڽ棡
ȻԶǿһ
ʮλɵۼǿ۳˲Ŀɿڴ
һ˵ȿԶȻֵЩǿߣһ°Ͷˣ
ÿΪ˵󻰵ʱ򣬶ǱĴ
죬Ѿαλ׵۾žžˣ
ЩͻȻֵǿߣոһĽɱʮ̫˽סԶһĻĻ
⡭⡭
˳׵ĸоһľڼһƨ˵ϣ
žҲĿԶʣǡǲǶԳڵķۻôˣ
ۻˣ⡭ⲻܣōŵЩ䣡
Ƿۻ˵ĻԼƶҪˣ
϶Ƿۻˣ֣Ӧ֪İɣžһ˵
ō̾һ鿴ֻдʥܹ˰
ʣ۷ʲô飬ٴʥϾǹżҲ𣿡ž΢΢һЦʲôȻŸõأ
һԵĹōãĿŴ콧ةͳ˧Ѻ˱˰
ō䣬Ϊ㻹ŶһɽݶĵλҲˣ֪Լûκεϣˣ
ı棡
κһǽһĴڣ
οһδ콧ûиԼκε·
ʵǵ뷨ܼ򵥣۳Ǿһμǰٷ֮ٵĳɹģ
֪·ɱҧ𰡣
ōЦһΣٲЩҳӵв𣿡
콧һȻʧܹܲܵġ
ЩȴҲòʵ

ҽ֮ԭʮ̫ɱ·֮ϣ
ӥ֮⣬֮ѾǱһ߾ʬ壡
˿̵ӥͷ棬ģ쳣ı׵ߣһƺѾأ




2464ͱƴֽ
 

־ճ
׵ǿ۳ɽʶλ׵۾ǿᣡ
Ǽʮλɵۼǿߣ˶ǵһ
ôҲû뵽ոճĴ׻ʳһչʾ˾˵
ôλɵۼǿߣ˸оһı
׻ʳһչֳԵǿʵ
ӥ类׵ĸǰһѾǴһľ֮У
ʮ̫һ̼ʽĳˣ
ӥԼҲ֪Ϊʲôǻ˵³
ף㡭㲻ú
ӥ˿̳ܹϿѾΪˣ
׿ӥ絭˵۳һˣ޲Ա֮ʩѣܲˣ
۳ǶܹģҸˣɱΣò˶ã۳㶨Ȼ̤ƽ׻ʳ
ӥ͸һӵľͷ֮ɫ֪Լĺݻûκεã
˵Щݻ֮⣬ܹʲôأ
׸߸ϵӣӥһǸо۳Σѣ
ֻѾΪˣ
׵˵ˣӥҲˣ
ӥ绹Ҫ˵֮ʣСȭͷѾǺϣ

ʮ̫׵ı˶۳Ļʹ֮У
˻
˶ǵһ ǿŴ˿̵ףĬ
ڳ֮ˣǶ۳֮ˣ
һЩμӶԳ֮⣬֮˶ǽĿ׵ˣ
Ⱥ֮У
αʱʱҲʿˮѾǻ켣Ⱥ֮УƺҪ׵˵ע⣡
Щп಻֮ǰǸԼ俴ļһȻǴ׵۾
úоһĲ˼ͱ
ʵһʼݵʱȷЩȣҲǾȶѣ
ͻȻֳϣΪ
ֻʱ֮һѾǱúľս
٣ǻҸ߰ɣ
Ϊ۳ѧԺαʱб֮ӵĽš
Ҫ֪۳ͱ۳ԭ֦ͬαʱ׶ɱģ
ΪΪ⣬Ȼⶫ۳ˣ
αʱû뵽һﾹȻ˵ǿᣬΣҺʥɽ֮ˣѧԺѧ׻ʳѲɸҸʥɽβɣ
˵٣㻹治Ҫˣᰡһ³۬ɱĪǺı۳Ҫǿ󲻳ɣʥɽȷǿ󣬿ɺȴʥɽ
αʱźҲǵ
˵ıʵԿóǶѾĿ־ˡ
ֻΪӣڻͦŶѣ
αʱѾǽʵ֪ҪǸ׶ŸɵĻǼֱˣ
ɣ߷ע⣡
ԥһ֮Ҳε˵
ʵϣ˶Ҫ׷ʲô飿
̨֮ϣ
ţ䡢콧ץ
ō׵Ĵ˴˿̵Ĺōǳ׵һ
˵仰ʱҲǳ׵ķ˹ȥ
ʵϣ³۬ʮ̫֮۳һΣ֮У
˵Ŀⶼۼ׵ϣ۳˿¶ƿλ׵۾ˣ
׵۾ҵԸ׷档
콧Ȼ֮ͨһ׵ĸǰ
ò˵һʵޱȣ
˵ȫǽ۳ʹ׻ʳ΢ƽһӾ͸ˣ
ōɫһ䣬Ϊ۳ĵ۾֪ܲ콧أ
Ŷ
ԭҲԥʵȡżҶ֮ȷõĻᣡ
׻ʳҪʵԼĺΰͼһǽ۳
ֻżڶ۳ô꣬óȻȡ֮ĻǿµʱǻѪɺӣ
̸УΨһ;
Ŵ콧ɣ֪ܲһ뷨
˳ƶΪѣ
ʥϿҵԸͿءѣ
䲻סĳ׵ķͷѾǽ׵Ψһľݣ
һԵ콧ҲǳҵԸʥΪҵ۳¾ʥϿҵ
ż˲ɫҰףŴ콧ӣōһ
ЩһȻҲͱ㴰ֱֽɶ
޻òλѵ֧֣λ֪Ⱳϲľǽͷݡ
ֻǾڹō׼֮ʣеնɽѾǸ߸߾
һʱ䣬˶סˣ




2465¹ō
 

ɱ¾ֹ
յĶ۳עѪɺӣڴ콧˰֮У׺ֱĨɱˣ
ͽ
ⲻҪˣԼҪΪ۳ףҲҪ˵֧֣
ɱϵӣōҲƤֱ
ǿƵĴ׵۾ҪɹōоԼЩˣ

ō֪ Լλ׵۾ֱӶԻˣ
콧֮ʣȴͱһ㴰ֽ֪Ѿڵ㣬ûκε·ˣ
ģ
Ϊͳ˶۳صĹżңǳΪȥʽō϶ǲĵģ
ɲô鵽زֻܹˣ
ʥϣлˣ
ō俴ףĿ֮мһ˿Ρ
׿Źō䵭Ц۾ˣ۳޲ΪԼѣȻҲ߶ˣ
׵۾֪ɷ̸
ō俴ף֪ЩʼҪģ
ľôˣʱ򶫷۳˿Ҳɲˣ
ǣ۾ʢĳ
ǴߣΪѣ
鵽̶ȣԲܷ۳Ļģ
ֻмһ溷ƣҲ˶ѣ
ټżڶ۳ӰȻҲϣܹƵĽ
׺͹ō֮Уû뿪ߣ
Ϊ˶Ҫⶫ۳˵Σ
һǵʮĶ۳һɽ¹׻ʳ
һɽ
ȾվҪƵģ
۳֮ϣⶫ۳Ļʹ֮пȥЩĸо
콧ıɱһ̶϶ڶ۳һ޴Ĵ
ō䲢δԼ֮ϣѡվ˵£
ֻһ˴֮Уȥһɣ
׵۾ڼҶ۳ʵ֮
ō˵Ҳǹά֮û׵Ļⶫ۳͸ĳˣ
׿˿ō䵭˵۾˵ﻰ溷һ飬񲻹Ƕֳŵѣ
溷ƿףҲ¶һ˿Цݵллף
׻ʳҶ۳ʵ֮°
һԵĹʦ¿׺͹ō䣬Ҳǿеļһ˿Цݵ
ֻտȥΪĹ죡
ʼմһ˿ЦݵҲ溷ƾͻΪƷ𣿶۾ֺǹ溷Ƶĸܣ
ףǡԸġ
溷ԭŻúúõģȷѵĻ֪ûôˣ
溷ƣ޵ȷǱ㡣ō΢΢ҡͷʵʱ˭ܹƭ˭أ
֪׵ͻȻѿ϶εģԼŮ˵һ仰ܹģ
۾Ҳ̹ϣ֪۾Ϊ°׿Źō䵭ʵ
ō˷Ҷ۳׻ʳ۳նɱ۳̫ӡ³ߵʮ̫Ǹ۳׵˺ˣ
ǣ۾ǻ˵ЦԭǿʳѲ㻹ָ۳ȱͬ㲻ɣ
û˵ō˵Ҳó
ˣ
ōһҪͨԼŮԼˣײмΪ֮
ōԭҲϣҪǸŹ溷һϵĻ½˳ƶΪǶ۳ˣ
ʥϣи鲻֪¿ЩŭݣҲվ
˵ʦ˵ģȻףҴ׻ʳ붫۳ʵ̫ңԶ۳ѡ۳һʱҴ׻ʳǰﲻʲôæ
¡
ōоЩ׺䶥ùһʼûжùʮ尡
׵仰Ѿǳ׵ʲô˼
ƹλ
λĻʳ¾һ㶼
Ҳ˾һ΢΢һ̾һн
׵۾ûκ𣿡ōһȻĿס
׳ƾ۳֮ҪԸҴ׻ʳޱ㲻ܷŹеκһΪ溷ƼУѾˡ
ף㡭ʲô溷һ׵ĻҲǼæ
溷ƣ£ōǹ£Ǹ˶Թֲ廰
ʣ㡭ǵҪʲô
溷ƸоԼһȦ׸ԼʵĶԻоһ˿Ϣ
ō䲢δ溷ƣǿ̾һ׵۾ʵѾɽķֻǹĳϣʥܹΪҽ⿪һɻҴӦһ޵Ľɽˣ
һ̣ōЩĻ䣬˭Ҳóį




2466¾żҵ
 

۳Ļʹ֮У
ō̬ȣһڹż֮ɫޱ䣡
Ҫ֪ǿǶ۳Ļ׹ݣƺҪˣ
ȻҲ֪ǱᣬҲΪ
ͷǵĸǰôܹأ
˭ܽһʵģ
˵ż֮Ψһܹ֮˵ĻǱǹ溷ˡ
ōϴһ˿įͲʣ֪Ǵ׵۾˿ȥ۳ս֮У
۳̫³۬۳ة³ʮ̫
Щͳͳ˶۳ľڣ۳ưո
޿ܣ
Ҫ֪۳ܹ֮ɽ磬ĲǿĴʵ
ʮ̫Եֵϰ۳
һǴ׵۾ͻȻ֣νĶ۳ͻݱһıλ־磡
ǰǺл
Ȼ׸˲ǣȴΪϻ
ōһıû뵽۳ǧ꣬ȻԼϣ
۾뽲
¶һ˿ȻЦݣōԼ˵鵹Ǻð˺ܶ࣡
ō俴׳׵۾ֻһ²̫ףǱǶԳڵЩ޴׵۾ôǳģ
ōĻҪԭ򲢷Ϊնɱ³۬ǿƵǳ
ΪĵƾȻΪ˱˵ĵƣ
ԳڵЩޣԭǹọ̄
ʵϣЩōһֱۻŽܵϵ
Ƕ۳ĵͷĻōԻѡͷۻ˺ɻûеȵۻ˺ۻ˾Ȼ׸ȳˣ
ʹļף
ōоԼĶ˸һ㣬һıƣ
ԳڵޣǺǣһЩططˡҲ֮
׵ҲǺǵ˵˼䣬Ѿͣō侾ŲҲû̫壡
㲻㰡ԭۻЭ飬û뵽ȴ׵۾ȵˣ
ō俴ײԸ˵̫࣬Ҳ֪˶Լܣ
һıʣʱ»ʵ䷴
ڹōѾ֪ˣͨԼİ취͹ˡ
ڱ˵룬ԼҲܲôˡ
۾Ҳ̫ᣬҲֻǻԵɺ϶ѣʼ
ʵ黹ЩԵɺϣҪǻʶۻˣҪԼĻûа취ͣ
ֻ˵Լöѣ
ō΢΢ͷ׵ʥϣҹżִƶ۳ǧ꣬ȴҪɽĳ׵۾Ϊҹżұһ˿ϣӦĳһ飡
۾˵ֻҪֵ̫飬ĳȻ岻ݴǣ
Ҳϣ͹żұһõĹϵżҵʱҲΪ۳һս
ϣ飡
ֻҪܹӦ飬ȻҲ̫ѵģ
ԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬοм仹һ溷أ
˿̣
˶Źō䣬֪żҳ׵군ˡ
ʱλ׵۾һǻпܲżңϾżڶ۳ٹ̣
ںܶ˶ڵ⣡
ǵң
Σν顢顢Ѿǲֵһˣ
ōԼ΢յ˫ۣĳϣ׵۾ȳΪҹżŮȻĳڴλ׵۾ҲǱҹżһ˿ϰɣ
۾˼Ҫޱ۳ùżҴλң׿Źō
ō̾һĳҲ֪׵۾֮ҹżҡ
ˣ۾˵ˣ
׿ŹōڰֵѾ˼ˣ
ō׵۾ǲӦˣ
ӦȻǿԴӦҲһϣ۾ܹӦ
׿Źō䣬ԭһ׺̸У
ֻ溷Ƽмоǳܣ֪Ϊ
ѲɾΪԼ׵һЩϵҪ׷۳Ľɽ
溷Լûأ
׵۾뽲ōˮ֪һﵽҪʲô
׿Źō΢΢һЦϣ۾ܹӦңΪҴЧΪ۳̫ϻʣ̫֮⣬йż˵ְ񲻱䡣
׵һϯ˲䰲
ڳ˼ףǲ֪λ׵۾Ҫʲô
˵׵ǻһ϶ǲżҵͺۼ
û뵽λ׵۾ùżҴӦȻ
һʱ䣬ōڵһĿɿڴĿףһӶ֪Ӧô˵źˣ
ϵ¸ڱ
ōһĿףǰλ׵۾Щڲͬ




2467ɽţ˦ƹ
 

ˣ
żһƬ֮λǿɶݣ
ǸоԼҪˣӻӶǹȥģ
Ժ˿Ǿɥ֮Ȯһ㣬Ǹо޷ܵģ
ɾΪѾΪֵʱȴû뵽ǰλʥϾȻġǷ֡Ҫ
ţ
˵϶ǹһĨŵɫ
˵Ƚ˵õģҲ˵Ǻõٺõˣ
ō䣬λĶ۳۾ǳΪ̫ϻʵĻǿ˵ֻλѣ
ڹō˵ҲһõĽˣ
˵û̫ı仯
Ψһı仯ֻǵ۾ˣֻпܳΪүȴûпܳΪһε۳ĵ۾ˣ
УΪĵĿ¾Ҫڹ溷ˣ
溷ȻЩڵңȻҲ֪ܶ飡
֮ǰΪĵĲԼĸ׽λףΪĵľ׳Ϊ˶۳ĵ۾֮ôԹżң
Ľ溷Ƶۿ֮жˮˣ
޵ǸλӦޱǵ˼Σ
ʹһݴ񲻿νأ
ʵֻҪһ۳ݶѣΪֻܹȺ۲
ʳϾǻʳĹžԣ
ҲΪʲôײҪһԭ򣬸ΪҪǣ׻ʳǼڶ۳֮УʵΣ
һ㴰ֽȻѾͱˣԾһͱ׺ˣ
ōɫһ˿ļ׵۾˵ĿĻ
۾ΪһӦ֪ʲô˼ɣǸλӦ޵ǻ֮ʱȻʥּʾ£
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۳ڹōᳵ·׵ĿɲǶ۳
ō䲻ܹ׵Ϊ֪׵ж
ҹżѾûвӦˣ
ō俴ףҲһһε̸ȻƲӿʵżȴǼ˸ˣ
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ݸһЦ˵Ļޱлλˣ
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Ϊ̫ϻʣȻǲö¹ʲôģҲǸō䱣ϣ
Щʲôģνˣ
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ƽ
׿˹£Ҳ¶һ˿Цݣ
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ō俴׳ףԺ۳֮£ҵȱ㲻ٹˣϣ۳ĴܹٴԻͣ
̩ɽԲӰ
ڶ֪Ӧôō䣬ֱӳƺōΪ̩ɽˣ
ţōüͷס
׿ŹōЦŵ۳ȻҪܣɸĻҪ̩ɽ
ʲô˼
ō䱻׸һͷˮһｫλйȥѲɻҪ˦ƹ
˵ĻҪλкأ
׿Źō˵һ޶ڶ۳Ϥ޻кܶҪճﻹ̩ɽѳ֡޵⵱˦ƹ񡭡
ۣ
˶ˣ
λ׵۾ѾǧõĶȻֻͼ
ōЩˣ˵ĻԼֻǻһƶѣʵϻƿ۳
ōͲҽᵳӪ˽
ǲĸλȻҲ˵Ļ˲˲ã޵ķ񣬾ʳҲԼ顣
׵˵ûôϣ
׵۾Ǵ׵۾ĳ׵۾ģǵ۾ڣҵȻҲƿغ۳
ōһûмĵ۾
ףһѾ㹻ķˣ
ͳ˼ǣҲ
ֻȻ׳Ϊ¾ɰǸǰȴȻϿĺܣɽΪĸӣ
ōüͷҲǳʵף۳ǿӦɣҶ۳Ǽϴ׻ʳҲ
۳ȷǿ󣬲޼ȻѣȻҲԼ̡Ϸ۳һҲ˰ɣЦŵ
Ϸ۳Сō
Ŷˣˣ룡¶һ˿ЦݣһҪōչʾһԼļˣ




2468ż
 

۳֮⣡
˶ڵȴ׸ō̸еĽ
˿ӦȨһʱڣ
ܶ˶ڵȴŽ˵ı鿴ȥҲ쳣ļ尾
Ҫ֪кܶණ۳ˣδ˿¾һε̸֮ˣ
һЩˣҲʱ̹עһεı仯
˵۳ı仯ڵԼļҲǧ˿Ƶϵ
ֻȴĹƺЩѣ
׵˽ʹ֮Ѿʱʱ䣬ȴδ
Ȼʱɽ֮˵ܶݣʱȴ쳣
۳֮ڣ
˴Ӻ󷽽֮Уδ̫˷֣
һζ۳ԭǰ۳֮
ΪϷ۳ĴҲǿĻʱϯһ¾ˣ
Ϊڶ۳ðԭֻǴһεĶԳ֮ߵģ
Ϊɵۼĸ֣֪۳ʹھҵĴ֮ҲǾ㵲ѡ
򶷸ոսûж֮ͱ˸۳İүž뵽˶۳Ļʹ֮У
Ҳǲ֪׷ʲô飿
ֻǵո̤еʱ˶ˣΪһˣһıռ֮ˣ
ף
Ϸ۳Ϊλ׵۾ĻռҶ군ˣ
һǰʵϸĻλ
ǱϷ۳̫ӳԼ̫𽣡
ֻһֱδ¶ѣ
鲻ãһ۳ԭҲǴǰ׻ʳ׵ģ
ײڴ׻ʳľڣ˾͸˶۳
ֻǴ˿̵ĳ𽶼û뵽һֱڿѰ׾ȻǵƤӵ£
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Ҫȵžȥǹ
󡭡ʥϡ
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׿һЦû뵽Ҷ۳ڣȻܹ࣬ˣס
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𽿴ףҲЩ
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ҲЦŽ͵ԿóҲǸоΪ⣡
ōЩĿųʵʶģֻû뵽һγȻǰ
û뵽Ϸ۳̫ӵ¾ȻҲˡō俴ųҲǹһЦ
ݼ۾
ΪϷ۳̫ӣֻһڣδ̫ľη
ϾݱˣıϷ۳
ѲǶ۳ĵ۾ˣ̫ҲôĿ
ōЩε˵Ҳó˸׵ĹϵǳĲһ㣡
Ȼ֪⵽ô£ܲʲô°ɣ
ʲʲôǶ۳ĵ۾ˣ⡭ŵ۾ĪڸҵȿЦɣôأ
Źō䣬Ϳȥ̵ܹһ㣡
Ϣʵ̫ˣ𺳵һӶûлع
һԵҲǾ㵵ʵ۾Цɿðô°Ѳɹŵ۾ѾǴλˣ

ōĻǴλˣֻλĲǸԼҵˣǴλˣ
ȻڵĽǱȽϵܹܣϾǶ˵飡
óōıҲεĺܣ
ԭǹŵ۾λˣһΪʲôˣ
ҲЦǴλ⵹ǿˣ
λֻ֣֮
ǹōڴλЩ磬ҲܹڽܷΧ֮ڣ
Ͼÿλ۾ÿλ۾Ŀǣ
ҲЩȻ˵ŵ۾ô㴫λˣ⵹ҵû뵽֪ŵ۾λ˹żҵλ
۳û̫ӣһܶ˶֪
ڹōȻλ˵ҲҪ֪֪λ״˭
Ϸ۳ڶ۳Ȼûʲôɰ涼ǻŵġ
Ŷ۳䣬λУ
ҲЦʵɨһȦżҵЩ־ȻûһӦУ
óЩͷԵĸо
ĳδλҵĶӣǴλҵ׵۾ף
ōȻһ֣ǸоԼһգ
˰
۳жˣѴ̣
ֻоˣĳѾӿˡ




2469۳
 

λף
ⲻóڵһԵĿɿڴ
۳۾֮λ
ɲʲôͬСɵ鰡ǰλȨʢĶ۾Ȼѵλף
е׷ʲôڻö֪
Ѿ뵽һԣǱ֮ǰǾ춯صĴսӦøйϵ
۾ĪڸҵȿЦɣ
һεʳ˼ͬĻȻ֪ōӦòܿЦģ
ȻϢʱǸоһķ˼
ʵ̫ˣ
۳ĵλôͻ׵Ĺأ
Ҫ֪żڶ۳ô꣬˭Ҳ׵Ĺõİɣ
⡭
ō俴˿ף֪ӦòӦ˵е飡
׿ŹōЦŵԼˣ
Լˣ
ōһͷˮĿףϷ۳½࣬λȨأ
ôܳΪԼأ
˵׸߳ʶ⵹Ҳ飡
˵Լ˵ĻǾЩ˿ˣ
һ۳ҲЦе˵ŵۣʥ˵ûҵ׵۾ཻĪ棬Ҳ֮
ŵۣȷһǣĶ۳۾ǲִ磿
һεĿŹōȷϵʵ
óҲ쳣ļģҪ֪۳ĵ۾ǿϵȨ
λõĻʱ򶫷۳Ϸ۳γɹͬˣܹɽվȽŸģ
ōߣʦ³̫ӵ¡࣬ʥ׼մλڴ׵۾֮٣ȴҲģ
ǰ̫³۬۳ة³³ߵʮ̫Ҷ۳Ҫ۳ԿǴ׵۾Īҹō֪Կ۳ֺαռλأ
ō˵ĻҲһ̾Ϣ
ֻѾΪʵֻܹڱȫżһ۳ƴһѡˣ
ǹō֪ҪƾŶ۳Կ۳Ѿǲ̫ˣ
Ǵ޼Һı棬ھǿ˹ōұۣ
Ǹ۳ĲֻԽԽ󣬹ōյѡǱȫżң
ϾЩʱǿͷһ£
ɽУΪҪľѰյͨĴ۳۾֮λȣōȻ֪ˣ
ʲʲô³۬ˣ
㶵ĿŹō䣬ܿ콫Ŀ⼯׵ϣ
£
ʵ̫ˣ
̫һʳ³۬ѹףû뵽ȥʮĹһѾǷˣ
ţōûҵ˵նɱ³۬
ôΨһĿԾԼλִˣ
һԵҲЩ°͵Ŀ׵ʥϹȻҵ
ЦŵЩʱ㲻ɱˣ˾ͻɱ㣡ԭҲɱȴҪıޣֻܹ˵Ǿȡɣ
֣⡭ɱ³۬⣬³۬߿ʮ̫ǿʮλɵڵĳǿ߰㡭ôģ
ף˿ҲЩ𾪵ʵ
ʮλɵڵĸ֣˲䱻ѹȻЩԲģ
Ҫ֪Ϸ۳ǿߣҲɵڵʵ
ōһԵ׵۾ʵǿᣬҲľǿһ㲻Ϊ棡ҲΪʲôҪλԭ׶Ȼܹսʤ۳
Ϸ۳붫۳ˣӦò۳˰ɣ³ɵۺڵǿһδ֪֮⣬Ӧʵ൱ˣ
ŹōҲǳ־ȻҪһԼˣ
࣬㡭˵ʲôϷ۳Ҷ۳ϣ⡭ɽͬ𣿡
ō𾪵Ŀ˵ĻһʱǶԿ۳㹻ʱ
ֻҪʥһ仰Ϸ۳ǣ
ĶŹō
żʱ򣬼ڵ
û뵽׾ȻѾܹӰһ۳ˡ
ǧСϷ۳ǿһɾǿսȻսһЩʵԲȶ۳
Ϸ۳Ҷ۳˵Ļ۳ڶʱҲûκεİ취ġֻλӦ֪۳ıΪĸӣʥɽȾݴħҲһЩϵ
ō̾һ˵ʵ۳ϣĿȥҲǺ㣡
ŵۣ۳㶼ûʲôģڼأ
׿ŹōҲݸһЦ˵ʵǶڵǳ⣡
۳ѾԶԿ۳䱳ˣ




2470׵ĵкܶ
 

ōסˣ
Ҳסˣ
Ҳǿףʵ벻ͨ׵׻жٵĵƣ
ӣǵмɻȴҲǳڴ
ō俴ף֪Լ֮ǰСλ֮еĴ׵۾
˼ҸҸ۳˵ĲɱȻб
ףӦ֪ҪԸ۳䱳һûκεôģ
ō俴ףҲʵʵ˵ˣ
ҲǵͷǰŵԷ飬һû̫ôɽǿҲô֪ʥ˵ǡ
ںΣ
׿ŹōͳЦʵ
ںڣ⡭ⲻ̫ܣһֱɽĴڣοĴ۳һֱҪշǣȴŶɹ
ō俴ף΢΢ҡͷ
ںܹշĻһĵ飡
Ҫͬʱշżǲܵ飡
Ҳǵͷںܹڸ֮⣬˵ǵĶԣʥϼҪշǣҲûѺܴĴ۰
ڲǸ˵ҪշǣںѾΪ޵ˣ
׵˵ֻһ仰羪֮һ˵Ķը죡
ںھȻʥϸշˣ⡭ⲻܰɣ
Ҳò̫ܣʥҲ鿪Цİɣ
ĻǸ۳Կ˺ǿʱ˰
ϣİɣ۳ټ󳬼ţκȴˣ
׵󣬹żҵһ˵Ҳü˵
ȻǺϣ˵ģȴЩ̫ţ
ōɴ۾׵ף˵Ŀģ
Ǻǣ֮ǰ۳ںΪЧͣȥЩ飬˳ɱ۳һλںڴЭ顭
׼Ҫ˵һ飬мȥ˺ܶ飡
ҡˣ֮ǰŴʥնɱ۳³ة³ףڵ굤ϡ
˵ϢǸоһģ
ˣ̫˰ĵƹȻܶడ
ōҲһ˷ܵ˵׳Ϊ۳۾Ѿʵˣ
Ҫľ۳Ϊɽף
ҲֻǹżҲܹ󻯲
ō֮ǰһֱΪƾǶ۳ʵҪ۳ԿЩʵʣ
ڼϷ۳ڡڣһӱкܴĲͬˣ
ڵĹō֪Լѡʵȷģ
Ļһȥʱ۳һĿ۳
˼ײӵŴ׻ʳϷ۳ڡڵ֧֣
һǿߵ֧֣Ǹʱ˴׻ʳ۳ìͷµһָľǶ۳ˣ
ѡҪ
ЩʱһѡͿԾɹδˣ
ǿĵƣōһҵģ
ͬģҲҲѣΪ۳ҰһֱΣУ
Ϸ۳۳ֲܴ֮ͬˣмȱٵľһǣˣ
׵ĳ֣׵ĸı˶۳Ϸ۳ˣ
۳޷ӣǽƿԼУԺҲڿ۳ɫ˰ɣ
οƾǿʵҲƽ
һЦԺҵȱԴʥհ۳Ϸ۳۳Ѿãڿĸһսˡˣ۳ҲҪֵκεıˣ
ōͷǰôʱ䣬ڸоؿڵһʯͷҲ˰֮ղײգҿô׵۾λҲǸ۳һЩɣ
ǰ۳Ϸ۳ˣΪҲʽһ۳ҲȻͶ
ҲǳȻڻһ˷ܵ״̬
׵ͷ۳ɵôˣȻŭģȴҲäĿĽΪпܵıȴһս
Ⲣ׵ĺҲ²⣬ΪվĽǶûбʤİҲ׵ľͷ
Ϊ̫幬һȻǻޣʵûдﵽһľʱҲ̲
ףǾôɡֻһֱһ벻ͨ㵽Ϊʲô۳ȥأƺǲûκεĽɣ
ōҲЦŵͷʾͬ׵˵ֻһһֱûͨ
˿ҲǿףⲢǹōһ˵ɻ




2471¸ˮ
 

۳ʹ֮У
񼸷Ϊһ˵֪޲޲֣
֪ōѾûκε·ˣ
Ϸ۳ǱǸӵķˣϾɽڻԼūͣ
ȻûнɽӵūһĿʵʵ
׿ŹōЦŵ֪ŵû˵۳һţΪ̫幬
̫幬ȻȻſһ㣬ʵϵ̫幬ɽ纱
ō䵱Ȼ֪̫幬
˵ɽҲûжû˵ţ
ɻʾ۷ʵɽ磬˵ǾԵ̳
̫幬겻Ǳ۳𣿵ʱҲɽ簡
Ҳǵͷ̫幬ȷ˹Ŀ࿴ţ
ɽ磬һɵ۾ǿ߶ûеţȻвҲŵģ
ǰйһ֮Ե˸ҵĸоЩɲ⣡ɻʾڵʵȻսɵ۳ڵǿߣһһսʤ֮ɽ磬Ҳúܶ˶ǳļɵ
ōһε˵ֻôˣʲôϵأ
½֮ˣһֱɽ֮ˣ
ƺЩţ༰ĸо
޵ʦ𣡡
׵˵ֻһ仰ùō˾Щ˵
ʦ
ôأ
ҲһȻʵû뵽Ȼһλͽܣû뵽ŵ̫幬ֻ֮мܳȥˣ׵۾ƺǴ½İɣ⡭
֣
ʵ˸оЩ֣
׵˵ԭҲ޵һܣҲܹ֮Ϊ˰ɣ½ʱʦ˵ʦּ桭
½⡭Ѳзɣ
ō𾪵Ŀףʲô˼һ㣡
׵ͷʦ۳Χɱһ걻Ȼ󴩹ɷͨ½硭
ǸйأһֱΪѾǱ³ΪУû뵽ȻȻ³Ǳߣ
ō俴ףӵɵĹԲ
Ҳǵͷ֮£ɽ磡¶һ̣Ҳǻʱ򰡡Ҫ֪֮µرλɽɱ׵һ
ǰȻ֪ʲôǿһԷ鰡Ѳϣ
ō俴ףҲһɻʵ
Ǻǣû޵ϣʦĴһޣ޿ҲᷢչôĿ졭
ҲûʲôˣΪڵѾǳԽ˵
ο˭ҪҲǲ̫ˣ
Ͼ׵ʵû˸Ҷ˼ˣ
ףղ˵ֱӽ½磿һһƲлꣿô˵ûˣ
ō俴ʵȻҲ˽ΪʲôҪ۳ˣ
ʦѾǻȥˣҲΪʲôִҪ۳һԭھû۳ڣ
һ̱ŷ˼ΪǿţѾӵ˵仰ʸ
ֲãֲã˵Ϊʲôݱӣ˵һǸ۳ģ㲻ͽܰ·һ
ōҲǿЦҡҡͷףƺҲǿ˵Ӱӣ
һѾǿԽ͵ͨˣ
Ҳǳ۳ԼµĻԼҪĺʥģҵȶȻḨ۾۳
۳
׵ż֮ҲǺȻӦ
׼λҲ֪׻ţǲϣ
۳ȭ֮µĻǵ³ҲԲõȥ
һپ٣һ
ô򵥵ĵż֮ô᲻أ
ܹЩ˵׶ǵΣҲ˵λ½Ķ۾ţ
׿˵ЦŵλҲģȻλޣҲԲṼλĺԺĹżҾԲڸԺϷ۳ҲԲȸ
ףԺұһˣֻˡō俴ҲЦŵ
ŵۣҿʱ죬Ÿ֮ʱô׵۾λҲʡȥ˺ܶ鷳𣿡
һҲһԵ˾Ӧ
ōͷһ˵ȱ㳯ŻʹĹ㳡˳ȥ
ʱ˿׵˳ǿȥΪĽš




2472Ե񴺮
 

۳ʹ㳡
ԭμӶԳǼһûߣ
ոɵ۴ս۳̫ӡة༰ʮ̫䵱
еһĨѪţ
ҪǿƵĴ׵۾׺Ͷ۳ĵ۾ō䵽̸еΣ
ҲҪ֪ĽһβμӶԳ֮ԺȥҲŴʱˣ
ɵۻս
ɽҲǼΪĺһʮλɵۼǿߣɽ磡
׻ʳǿ۳ԺεӦԣ
ɽԺעĽͻ۳˴׻ʳˣ
׵۾ˣǲ֪׵۾۳̸нΰ
ǰҲǷǳڴϵɽԺĸ֣
ô۳ŹǵģԺɽ¾Ҫ˰
ߣ۳ıӵʥɽ֧֣׵۾Ͷ۳
ҲǺܿ׵۾Ͼֻһʳʵڼ϶۳Σ
µ˿׺͹ō˴ӹ֮˳Ҳһ˽
˭Ҳҵ׵˵ĻΪ֮ǰѾǼʶ˴׵۾Ŀֲˣ
αʱҲǽüͷ
һԵ񴺮һķƵȥƺ鲢Ȥ
´٣ô飿
񴺮Ҳǵʵ
Ҫ֪¼ʥɽҲǳ֮һ뺫ҲѶã
ĳ̶ֳ˵¼Ҫѹһͷ
ҲΪʲô񴺮һֱصһԭ
ͬΪѧԺ֮ˣһֱ񴺮ԼĴ硣
ֻ֮ǰζƵ֮񴺮һһ㣬úһֱоЩ֣
񴺮ź˵ôǺǣ۳ȻõʥɽһЩ֧֣׻ʳĵ۾ҲǺǵİ
ǰ´˵Ĳұ۳۳Ȼ֦ͬ׻ʳȻУһӦǻʲô̰ɣ
αʱ񴺮ͺҲǵȻڶѾӰˣ
֮ǰ֣αʱоԼѾԵ˺ܶˣ
λ׵۾һʶĻͱ˸նɱˣ
֮ǰλ׵۾նɱʮ̫Ŀֲαʱ;ԼǼһ㣡
˵ߣνĴ۳վǸƶѡʥɽ˲ɣ۳ʥɽ֧֣Ǵ׻ʳǿΣ
Լǣɽ˭Ҹʥɽأֻʥɽһ²ɹ֮ķʱ׻ʳ۳Ļʱһͳɽ磬Ҳһֵ鰡
αʱź⽫˵Щ
м˵۳ƾǿ»ʸ񣡡
񴺮źٿЩŹͷˣҿλ׵۾Ӧܵģ
´٣Һǵ¼Ҳ֧۳İɣôܹ־Լأ
񴺮ѾЩˣ
¼ҺͺΪʲôܹϵ֮ãΪŹ֧ͬ
񴺮Ȼ˵һú񴺮һĹûУ
ôҲǴʥɽ˰ɣôܹ˵ɥĻأ
񴺮˵۳Ȼ¼ֵ֧Ҷ۳ΪʧǿܵĻҵԸִ֧׻ʳ
񴺮㡭֪˵ʲô
𾪵Ŀ񴺮ʥɽԭʹ۸ӣ
һļ嶼ǲµģһЩΪ˵õɽһЩԴǻѡ֧һЩǿ
۳Ϊɽǿ֮һȻǵõʥɽ
һļϣ
۳ϣͨʥɽӰɽʩѹԴﵽһͳɽĿģ
ʥɽͨ۳õӦԴ
¼ִ֧׻ʳĻôʥɽƱؾҪͬˮˣ
ҲΪʲôһ𾪵ԭ
񴺮˵ȻûĻôҾ˵һ飡Ժ¼ұִ֧׻ʳ֧ף
񴺮֪ĺ˿ҲЩŵĿ񴺮
ԭֵܵˣһƺЩˮˣ
αʱҲһȻĿ񴺮Ǵ׻ʳڵõʥɽֵ֧ĻǾ绢
񴺮Ҫ˵˿Ѿⶨõʥּӹō˳
˵ĿⶼһȻ£˶֪Ҫд·ˡ




2473µ۵ǻ
 

۳ʹ̨֮ϣ
һׯϣʥּĴ򿪣
˿̣
˵Ŀⶼϣ´ʥּһ̣˶ס˺
һ
ˡŵگԻ޼λأɽȺ塢۳̫ƽ򳯳·޿׷ѰλүףƷСФ޹ӵ֮šλף¾Ϥĸ֮𢡣մˣ
ˣ
˵մֵʱ۳һըˣ
ܶ˶ĿɿڴĿǰһĻǲ֪⵽׷ʲô飿
۾׵ǻ
ⲻǳǿǵ۳۾֮λ
ôҲû뵽ō侹ȻλףһӲ֪Ӧ˵ʲôˣ
۾Ȼλڴ׵۾⡭ôأ
Ǵ׵۾νһ˰ⷢչҲ̫˰ɣ
ֱ˼鰡׵۾ȻһԾΪ˶۾ֱ˱Ľ
û뵽û뵽Ȼôһ
ǰԭҵȻΪ׻ʳͶ۳ǺѣôһҲ̫һɣ
µ˴˿ҲһȦʵ޷ܵһʵ
һԭֻĵ۾ڶ̶ʮصʱڣȻһԾΪ˵۳ĵ۾ȷչٶȼֱ˱Ľడ
ںܶ˶޷һʵȻʥּѾˣ
αʱ˿ҲһľګҲǱϢ෭
٣⡭ōҲ̫ûй˰ɣ
αʱŹō䣬˿ҲһΣȻҲû뵽ģ
Ҳŭһͱ˰ΪԼΪ˶۾ܹ۳𣿺ߣ
ǰֻһһһεǿ󣬿µʱ۳ҲѰ찡αʱҲһƵ˵
ɣò˶ⶫ۳군ˣҧгݵ˵
һֱûʲôøУڿһһĵǶȻûκεЦˣ
ͬˣͬţ
ΪʲôһﾹȻܹ˦ԼôԶ
ԼӵʵҲĸǿ۳ȥ
Ҫ֪۳ıʥɽְ֧
û뵽׾ȻˣҳΪۺĶ۳ĵ۾
ȻʥɽУ۾ңɼ
ɼʥɽˣĴ۳ĵ۾ʱҲǿͿİ
һúЩʧȥǣ
񴺮һҪ˵Щʲôסˣֻ֮һĨЦ⵹Щزסģ
˿̣
׻ĵ̨˵޸лŵΣҲȻ춫۳ٴµĻԻ͡ϣλ޹㣡
꣡
˵һ̣˶
ɽХ𶯣
һ̣վڸ̨֮ϣŵıһɾµƣ
һ˿߿»ʵǻءʥּӷŵΪ̫ϻʡŲ䡢ʳ˰
״һ˿΢Цһĸܵɽٹ⣡
һһԵɫ
׿Ͳţʵ߽лࡣһ֮󶫷۳ѡĴͳ˧ʵǿߵ֮ཫ˧ˣ
׵Ļ֮һ˷ܣ
Ҫ֪ƾʵϾĻǺܶ˾ͻлˣ
۳ӪôãܶʵǿȴܹΪеĽ죬ΪΣ
ΪϵԽԽ
Ǵ䡢콧ѳŸţúܶ˿޳ͷ֮ա
µ۵ǻһжҪͷʼˣ˲˷أ
ּ׿ҲЦŵ
ϳڣ
û뵽µ۵ǻ֮󣬾ȻԼ飬ҲЩϰµĿ׵
ּʦε۳ࡢƼ峤ӰΪ۳
֮һε˵һ£ĵĺûᣡ
Ȼʵһ㣬Լܼ
׵ĻҲһĲ
ĿףΪʵû뵽ԼûбԵίΣ
ϳּ
²ΡΡĹ˵ϣһƺҲ׵仰һˣ
ʿΪ֪
ڣתͷҲЦʵ
Ϸ۳ߵ¾Ը۾޽۰ڣҲվ˳
׵ͷ࣬ɣ
һ̶סˣĶ۳Ϸ۳ʲôϵ
ƺһֱ򲻵һ氡




2474𺳵
 

̨֮ϣ
΢΢Լ˫ۣ֮һڴ
ǲ
֪˿Ҫʲô׸ոյǻΪ۳¾
ʱȻҪչʾһԼʵ
һΪ嶫۳һЩˣҲΪ۳֪֪Լʵ
࣬룡
Ϊ۳࣬Ҳ֪۾뷨
¹صϲ࣬ˣ
˵ĿУ˵Ŀһһϣ
֪˵飬Ҳ˵ˣ
ֻǲ֪鵽ʲô
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飿
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ߣڲһӰɣҵҪôֵס³ȭͷġɵۺڵǿֵܹסģЦһ
αʱ̵ͷ˵ԼǣײҲQ˼ˡ
İɣ۳ʥɽ֧֣˻ǲŵ˵
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񴺮һۺ˵Ҳ˵ĻҲԼǸʲôΪʥɽɣ
񴺮ҾΪ¼ҺǺͬˣҲ㣬ʲôҲһ
񴺮һЦδǳŸ̨֮˹ȥ
׿񴺮˳Ҳһε¶һ˿Цݣ
ֻһԵĹō˿λʥɽ¼ҵĴ߳Ҳüͷ




2475µǵ
 

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һǰμӶԳ˻Ǹٮٮߣ֪ʥɽĴҲΪˣ
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񴺮ȥȷǹ˵ģֻ֪һԿ֮󣬾Ȼѡʱ֣ǲɵ
ʥɽ񴺮Ѱ𣬷糾ХһҲУϾǱ˵ĵ̣
ﲻ֮ǰˣѾΪ˶۳ĵ۾
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糾ХҪŴ׵۾ʥɽΣ
Ȼ컢һǵ˵
Զ̨֮ϣ
񴺮ѾǰȻվ룬΢΢ͷ֮峤ڴ¼Ҳȫֶ֧۳
˶ĿɿڴĿͻȻֵ񴺮һӶˣ
һ˭




2476ʥɽ֧
 

ʥɽ¼ֶ֧۳
񴺮Ļֱ˸оһĲ˼飡
Ҫ֪ʥɽ۳ĹϵƺߵķǳĽֻͻȻվ˵Լʥɽˣһֶ֧۳
ⲻì
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ܶ˶ǳֻɵ̬ȣǾǲأ
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ȻҲ֪׷ʲô飿
һԵĻƼѺͻü˵ôֻҪǵҵǾˡû뵽ҵ۾Ȼ֮󣡾ʥɽ˶ˡ
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˼ҶѾնɱ³۬Ѳɻ¶һԼɣ
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ō˿ͻȻҲЩζ
˼Ҵ׵۳Ѿǰ϶飬ЩѾûκεˣ
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ōѾǳ׵ͬףԭΪ׵ĵƽϷ۳ںڣ
ڿʥɽ¼֮˶ˣ֪˼Ѿγˣ
ӣżҳ˹ōҲǹ
λ䶼°ɣҪ뿪׵۳һʱ䡣ʱеĹɹŵȫȨλ乲֮ͬ
׿ˣԭֻҪһѣ
ĿĴﵽˣҪ˵˵ԼҪ뿪׵۳ʵ
һĻ۳ҪѰ𣬿ԼڵĻǸӵĲˣ
ō׵ĻҲһĿЦ
ԭΪֻǫһ˵ģû뵽һﻹǵ˦ƹˣ
ȻԼǶ۳ĵ۾Ȩƺһ㶼ûб仯
ɢȥܶ˼Ҵҵ׼ȥ췢һУ
֪Ӱɽֵһ¼λĴ׵۾һ˵ǰ¶ɣ
˿̵Ǵ˳Ŵ֮һε˹ȥ




2477̾ΪֹĹō
 

׵۳ʹ֮У
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λֵܣԺֱӺСˣЦŵ
ʥϵֵܹȻǲһ㰡ЦЦ
һԵķۻû˵ȻһˣһĻ壬צôһأ
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ԭĹōΪС壬ΪǼܲЩǿߵϢ
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˵ĿҲͣ׵ϣ˵߾Ǽֱ̫ˣ
ȻǶĿǰİȫѾû̫ĵˡ
Ǻǣ޻һЩ˽Ҫ죬Ҫǧҵʱ䣬Щλͬ¾𢣡
׳յϵ۾Ҫ뿪ǧ꣬ò˵׾԰
һʱ䣬ڳ֮˶Ŀɿڴ




2478¶ȥ
 

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Ĵ׻ʳʵѾˣֻһ׳ǣڻ롢С˶˶۳
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ˮ˿һףҲǷ˸뿪뷨

ɽ磬˭Ҳ֪׵ȥ˺δ
˿̵׺Щ󹦸ɵĿǰҲ˸һ˷ܵĹâ




2479ط׻
 

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˿̣׻ƵĽͷǳˮֻƺеĵ·϶˺ܶ쳽
شڳ֮е쳽Ҳ¶һ˿Цݣ
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ף׽Ҳǻƺʶ˱ȽϵĶһЩˡ
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ɽ缸꣬׻Ҳȥһʱ䣡
Ȼһʱ䲢һ࣬׻ƵȷǷһЩ仯
206ᣡ
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ͬ۴ѧУᣬȫĿ⣬Ҳͬ۴ѧһԾΪȫһУ
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ֻڿϤվԼߣҲǸоʵһЩ
ôȥˣһֱԼһ֮У׻Ƶ鲢ɽܹġ
־˳׹һֵϴַȥ˾ˣҸϻ￪һҹ˾ҪŪҵƣԲûȥղһΪַСӻأûû뵽Ȼϴ
˺ϻ￪һҹ˾⵹ǲЦŵ
ʲôͻӰʵЩˡ־˳Ҳε˵
óνĹ˾ӦÿĲôΣ
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ܶʱ⽲Ļһ츳־˳ַǡǡⲢû̫츳
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ɽȣǸӵϲһʵ
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ţֻģ
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ܵиԭɣüʵ
־˳ΪǺǸֻ˾ʽƿַҽȥˡЩ޵׶
׵ͷһȼַ˵ɣСҲкܳʱûˡ




2480ºڴƼ
 

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ǺһЩַ̫Ҳʼޫhչ˷׷
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ԣ־˳һֱϴ֣ʵ֮֡
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޼̾һӦû̫עŰɣ
ɫһ죡
ԴַעʺڴƼ֮ޫhĸҲͻͽ
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޼΢΢һ̾
֣͸˵ʵɡޫh޼ӣ֪ûô򵥡
չװ뵼幫˾㻹ǵ𣿡޼ޫh
չװ뵼幫˾ǸǩԼΪṩֻоƬǸ˾ҵȻ֪˰ǿǹʴ˾ôˣ
ޫhԼ׵ӣҲɻʵ
Ҫ֪չװ뵼幫˾ǾһȻ
ӵΪȽֻоƬӵźĵļ
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ǸɫеͷҵȻǵã
ޫhһκɽ֣ܵüͷ
޼һ̵Ҿܾˣ




2481ΪѵĺڴƼ
 

κɽ
չװ뵼幫˾׻ĸˣȻ׻ˣڵĹȴAģ
Ҫ֪չװ뵼幫˾ÿ׻Ƶ۶ǧڣĿͻΪֻṩҪֻоƬ
ɱСССоƬֻһĳɱǱоƬƣ
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ɵǣκɽķͷģŮ˵Ƿǳޣ
֮ǰ޼̸ʱ޼һξǴԼŮޫhǰȥġ
ޫh崿ˣҼ
Ǹ˿ҲЩĶģκɽȻҲǲģ
Ȼһʼ̸зǳ˳ʵԵĽչʱ޼ȴЩٲά裡
˳8µļ̸֮κɽ¶Լ
ǱҪõ޼Ůޫhʱ޼һûжִκɽ
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κɽҲһ㣬Щ޼ɵģ
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һڴƼʧܵĻô޼˵ˣ
ʲôϵǳǮṩ£
ޫhԼһݵӣҲһĺɣȻ֪浽׷ʲô飡
һԵַƺ쵽һЩʲô޼壬ǲκɽʲôֵҪ󣿱Сh
ղޫh˵κɽɫʱַܵľ뵽һ㣡
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飬һʱ뵽Ҳ
ַϹ˵ʲôذͱҰֶˣܵģ
ޫhȻΪκɽǸɫ̳̳Ĺκɽ޳ܵɣ
οκɽǿŵķCEOҪĻͲ¶
޼Ƶ˵϶Ȼ˵ҪҵŮˣֱǻ˵Ҳ϶˵óڣ
ļٵģ
ޫhһ˲׻һ㣬ƺһӾͨΪʲôںڴƼͶô޴Ʒȴٳûó
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һûеĻ޼Լܹ֮Ϊһˣ

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ϰ֣ǾͲһˣ
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û뵽κɽǲҪǼȵĶģ
޼΢΢ҡͷΪʲôϰԶ߸߷ɵԭ򣬺ڴƼһǺѶɹȥˣֻҪܹҸҲͷˡСܡ
壬ء
ַ޼Ҳǳ޼ķŲŲ
޼̾һЩıҶǿģϲǼСh˵ʵϣľǿһܹǻǼСhҲˣ
й£
ַ˿һйµĸо
ޫhԼ׵ĻҲ˲ˮֲֻ֣չһ·ֻоƬĹ˾ҲֹһҰɣ취ɣ
Ȼֹչһҹ˾չ׵ĹϵǳĴκɽѾųˣ˸չ׵⣬һĵףǺڴƼһ֪С˾û˭ΪǶչװģ
޼΢΢ҡͷ
ַҧҧ壬ͷİɣһСhܵκε˺ģ
ҲͷˣСܣҪ֪ͨһ£Ǿʰʰ뿪ɣ
޼ƺЩɺ˵Եû̫ˣ
ó޼Ѿһ·ѡһ˳ѹ
ޫhЩ˺ѷεĿ޺ţԼĸҲһı
һУѾˣ
ˣ
ʱ޼칫ҵűƿˣ
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ޫhַȻЦɫҲǱѿˡ




2482۲ʶ
 

ڴƼö㣡
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ǿ־˳
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һԵ޼ҲɫЩѿո˵˱˵飬δ׼ŮȻЦˣ
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֮ǰһֱΪַǱȽʶˣ
ôΪˣһ￴ȥЩ̫װ
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ַףҲǼæܵ
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壬͸ϴɣӦæĻǾһа취ģ
ַЩˣһǰ⸸Ůǲʶ




2483ŪоƬܼ
 

޼ޫhʶףһļһܸʲôأ
ʵҪѾʲôǮˣ
չװ뵼幫˾ȱǮ
ȱ
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Сְа취
޼ôףǸַ־˳֮ǰͶʵһӣ
ΪĻװɣ
һԵޫhֻоƬΪĵһǹڲŴ𲽽׶Σܹʶ˾˲չװ뵼幫˾Լûлᣡ޹غǮ⡭
ǰСh˵ûһβǮܹ˵ģ޼̾һ
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޼ЦһСְҵ㲻֪˰ΪóսAǱƺоƬĳڣҲչװ뵼Ϊʲôôŵһԭ򡭡
ϴûʲô;ܹŪһ
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оƬ⣬ǵҵҶܵ˵Լ
ǰСӾȻ˵ĺڣҲһҡͷ
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Ȼ԰ֻǼܵģʶӢذ뵼֮Ĵ˾ĸ˲ãչװ뵼幫˾ȫģҵ˭һЩأ
޼ףҲƵ˵
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׿޼ֻһԵ޼ޫhǰţСһʧ
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˭Լһİ취ûأ
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޼ʵڸַӣΪľϣԺһܹԼŮһЩ
޼绰͸κɽ˹ȥͬʱҲ˳ȥ




2484ط긥
 

⣡
׵ĵ绰Ǵ˸һҲһʱûмˣ
عˮǣҲҪһģ
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󣬴˿ĵĳ̲֮ϣ
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ڸʱȴԼֻˣ
üͷȻԼĺ鱻һͨ绰ƻˡ
ֻǵһֻϵʾ֮󣬸һֱӱQ֮г˲˼飡
ף
ôҲû뵽ԼʾȻʾ֣
Լ˲ѾɽôʱȻܹ绰
ѲɽҲźŲɣ
һͷˮ绰᲻ǱԼ˵ֻȻ󲦴ˣ
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ǣСʲôطأ׵˳
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ʵҲǱȽϵǿˣֻҪӵʱһܹϵԼˣ
׵ٻûκεԥͳ׵ķ˹
ɺϵǣڵСƺҲرԶ
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ԭĸΪԼⱲҲˣԼͻȻˣôܹأ
ٶڸ˵Լδһεĳϣ
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ʼоƬļĿǰӦAΪǿɣЩԡǶ׻ƺƵıȽϵ֪
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ôŸûеĻľͰ׻ˣ
׵ͷȻĻҽ˵һɣиֵ鷳Ǹչװ뵼幫˾׻ܲκɽвֵܡܹҲùˣǲֻܽԼİ취ˣ
û⣬û⣡
Ҳĵ˵׽鶼ﲻ׵ĻԼԼûжôˣ
ܿ죬ĵ绰Ͳͨ
˿̵˵׻ˣҲǼ໽УҪأ
ֻײΪôʦڣʵҲû̫Ľ
Ѿǿˣ
ԼĪСʱ֮޼ڸһǱ̸߽ҲЩ죡
˿̿ŵŴ֮Ҳ¶һЦӭȥ




2485±κɽ
 

κܣ룡
޼Զ߹κɽҲǶЦ˹ȥ
Ȼжһ޵ģ湦ǵùȥǣ
޼ֻܹϣκɽıԼ̬ȣκɽɿˣǺڴƼΣĶɹȥ
֪˾ǲôɿڵģ
κɽ޼ͦԼơƶǹһЦû뵽ܾȻԼңŮԽԽˮ˰
һԵޫhκɽ۾΢΢ţ˸һаĹâ
޼Ӧͨˣ
һ뵽һƾܹƷλ崿ŮκɽҲЩ
ޫhκɽзһĶģ
Ҳ֪ƱǿҲ̫ҹĵκɽ
һ˷ĻôԼĸ׿ҪƲˣ
ޫhǿһ˿Цݵлκ
ַһԺ޲ȥκɽһȭ֪嶯ħ
޼İ칫ң
κɽҡڵλ֮ϣһ㶼ûп˼
޶֮ĺͬʲôʱЧǾҪ޶ô˵ˣ
κɽżɽ˵һǱޫhģ
޼κɽһӣҲǵκܣӦ֪ǲܴӦģҪȻÿһоƬټӰٷ֮ʮķô
㿴κɽȱǮչװ뵼ȱôһСǮ޶㺰ҹڸ˷ʱɣ
κɽ޼Ȼ˵ĻҲ̷ˣ
һԵ׿κɽκǰɣ˴ˣڴƼڷչĳ׶Σôֱ˺ڴƼǰ·ҵǾ޶ĳʮ㣡
СҸ޼̸ʲôʱֵˣһȥ
κɽףҲŭһ
ԭ޼Ѿˬˣһ˾ȻѵԼҲŭˣ
ʵף޼
޼̵κκܣ顭
޼˲˵ҵŮֻҪӦŮһ˵оƬٷ֮ʮ㶼ǿԵġĲжӦúɣ
κɽ޼ָʹ˵
Ϊޣ޼Ϊ⣬ôô棡
޼ɫӣκɽǷǳĵ⣡
ǣҲԼʲôԣȻ̸׵ĻǾ͹ɣ
׿κɽһһ˵Ҳŭ
ҪģûмôҪģ
ȻֻϣֱǶĸֿţĵˣ
Сӣ˵һ飡
κɽףҲ¶һ˿֮ɫһκɽҲǳ׵ķΧ˹
Ǻǣˣ˵һҶԼ죡Ͻǰʧһû붯֮ǰ
׿κɽģҲЦһ
޼㺰ҹĿģߣӽչװ뵼ͺڴƼĺֹҪֻоƬκɽˣ
κɽ׵ķŭˣ޼̬ȻզΣܹܣ
ǰһ׵ĸоһַŭ
޼ɫҰףȻѾעȷʱǷǳܣ
һԵޫh৵һ¾һҼ˸оҲһۣ
飡
ַŭɶֱӳȥκɽһȭ
κɽûзӦԼ۾ѾǱ˰èˣ
㡭ǾȻҴң
κɽһʱҲڵû뵽˾Ȼﶯ֣
ôˣ׿κɽ˵
κɽһԵŭһŸʲôҰ⼸˵ȴ˵κκɽ𣡡
ǣϰ壡
ϰָ֮ҲǻԼ󣬷¸µ
κܣᰡǧ֡
޼ǸΪֵʲôأ
û뵽ȻֻһçЩһĽˣ
Ӱ
޼ޫhԼ۾Ͼ˿Ǳڰ
Ǽѧô˼רҵڵĶأ
飡
޼ޫhȭͷײ֮һε۾ʱȴѾ˵ϣ
ԣ
޼ޫhһ㵵ʱѾץκɽĸ첲ֱˣ
໣
һ˺ѷεĺ˲쳹칫ң
޼ޫhҲǾֻ֣ˣ
޼ҡҪŪǣκɽĶͷ亹ֱðǷųһݻ
׵Ŀκɽκܺܿıģ
ΣκɽĿ׵
ʱһϤκɽһֻץŵֻˡ




2486ܲӵ绰
 

޼İ칫ң
κɽɫҰףӲһֱֻۣʹ֪
Ȼ۵ιȥʹȷǳܵģ
κɽԭҪ绰ˣֻ֪ʱ˾ԲԼ˵ġ
Ѿܵ˵ܴ裬Բܷ˵ģ
û뵽ǣǰһﾹȻΪԼһ٣Լı⣿
ľǲˣ
κɽ׼¸ĺݻʱȴԼֻˣ
ֻϵ磬ԭŭɶκɽһӾȻЩ
ײδĶ֣ԭһһҲΪ˸ַ
ڿһֻˣӦ˹һ﷢ˣ
޽˹ܲã
κɽһӢĶŶԻһͷó˵ļӦñҪ߳ܶ࣡
˾ȼɭϣ
κɽʵҲкµˣ
޽˹չװ뵼幫˾CEOҲչ˵ˣ
κɽʲôط޽˹ԵЩ٣
ޡ޽˹ܲãڸ̸ҵءκɽɲὫԼô˵ȥ޽˹չʾԼõһ棡
̸ҵ˵ڸһڴƼĹ˾̸𣿡
޽˹Ļκɽһ£ôС飬һûпʼС˾ôܲŵĹעأ
κɽһЩ±ˣǵ޽˹ܲãô֪ģ
κɽڴƼĺôˣ޽˹̲ʵ
޽˹ܲãڴƼʵ̫ˡڸոұڴƼ˸Χˣҵĸ첲ˣ
κɽһ޽˹Ȼûʲôûˣ
ʵ˵ҲʵڸոǱ˸ˣһң
绰޽˹ĵ绰ĻҲܽˣ
Ϊ޽˹ĵ绰κɽžʹҪġ
첲˴ˣ˵ְ֮вͻ𣿡
޽˹õͳƺκɽ˴飡
κɽпһ£ҲЩëȻĸо
ôͱ޽˹ܲǱȥģ
˿̵κɽȻǲܳϵģ޽˹ܲãҹһֱǾҵҵÿ춼ļӰӵ㣬ôأ
ߣļӰӵ㣿ҿӰ඼ΪŮ˰ɣҪΪҲֻ֪Ϊҵ㲻һֻ۱һֻ۰ˡ˲ӦõˣҾûа취ˣ
޽˹һҲûбҪڸκɽȦˣ
޽˹ܲãʲô˼ҵ˭ˣ
κɽҲһͷˮʵڴƼıѲʲôﻹôΰ
κɽѾǵ޼ıһﱾǲݸҲΪʱ˳Բھ˵һͰ
һȻĻǲĹϵȷǷǳһģ
ҪȻκɽҲǣ
֮ǰ޼һĵĵԼôʲôﻹйϵɣ
ϼŵĶ³Ա𣿡
޽˹ʵڸղӵչװ뵼ĵڶɶ˹¼ܲĵ绰
Ҫ֪չװ뵼Ȼ˹¼ֻǵڶɶ
˹¼ԼҵĴɶǹϵɲһĺã
޽˹˵ײǸ򹤵ģȻǸ߼򹤵ģҲϰ岻ǣ
ղŵĵ绰ֱŭ޽˹޽˹ԭһͷˮ
֮ҲŵЩ亹ֱðĸо
ϼŵĶ³ףǿĴ
ֻ˼һֱ伣ѣͻȻ֮Լֹ˾˵ֶ³޽˹Ҳޱȣ
ټκɽ˵һ飬޽˹ŭޱȣ
׻˵úãҳ
ڱָܲű˵޽˹ҲԾĺܣ
㡭˵ʲô޽˹ܲã
κɽ˿ҲһϼŵĶ³ף
磬˭֪ϼŵĴڣֻκɽû뵽ԼȻϼŵĶ³
һһȦ˭ϼŵĶ³
κɽǲǶˣϼŵĶ³𣿡޽˹ŭ
⡭ôܣҸ
κɽһӻĻô¶ԤԼҵδˣ
Ͻӵ绰
޽˹ĵŭѾ޷ѹƣĺ޲ó嵽ƺȥκɽһ߰
˭˭
κɽ˿ҲǶһʵžվԼǰףƺӿֳһɲõԤУ
Ҿǣ׵˵
ҡܲӵ绰κɽһ˵ȥѾ˸ղŵĲ죡
һԵ޼ޫhΣ˵Ӷˡ




2487õĸо
 

޼İ칫ң
־˳ַ֪׵Ǹģ
ֻ֮ǰַΪޫhĹϵҲǲ̫Ҹκɽ£
ϼһﲻ֪Ǳ䱾
ַһ˲һ˵ĳ嶯Ѫֱһȭκɽ
ֱκɽһֱֻۣ޼Ůַ־˳оһıˬ
׶֮޼˷֮ȴЩˣ
ϾκɽݼΪ⣬Ȼ׻ˣ׻ƵĹ
ŵĿA˵Ƥ
οκɽչװ뵼幫˾׻ܲãһݸǼֵĺܡ
׺ַ֣޼һҲЩȦˣ
ֻԭ޼ŮΪκɽըһıʱȴκɽӵһ绰֮˶ˣ
ܲӵ绰⼸ֵʱ޼ΪκɽЩתˡ
Ȼ֪׷ʲô飬޼ľƺôһ˿˿תˣ
üͷ绰ͷιף
ֶ³չװ뵼幫˾ܲ޽˹ܸܹͨ
޽˹׵֮ҲЩ˵
Ҫ֪׵ݺ͵λˮǣǶ쵱֣
ȫǿҵһϼĻ󳬼ϰ壬ƾݣ޽˹ܹ˵ϵٹ⣡
޽˹ƺǲ̫ʶɣ׵˵
޽˹ЦŵֶȻʶСģ˹¼ܲѾˣںڴƼһΪ
ʲôΪ˵
޽˹Щε˵Բֶǰһʱ䣬ǹҲǳ̨һЩڵƣоƬС
׻Ƶģ
׵ȥǳĲãû뵽ǿҾȻ˵޳ܣ
ʵҲ֪Ŀǰ׻ƵĿˮƽȻܸߣĳЩ뷢һǴһЩģ
ЩҪʱȥֲģоƬڣʱôһ֣ȷǷǳĶģ
ֶֻóһЩĦźܿͻȥġ
޽˹Ȼû˵˵ѾǱʵ׻Ƶģ
ڴƼӦòһӰ
޽˹˵ĻκɽͬڴƼʱ鶼ĳΣ
֪ˣȻ޽˹ܲòԸæĳֻ취ˣ׵˵
ֶԵȣҸղ˵ֻǳĲʵչ׿ƼĲԲ
޽˹һˣҲһ
Ϊ֪˼ֶȱǮһνĺڴƼ˼ֶƨ
׵˵ֻ˵㣬һκɽļһԺҲϣڶڴƼԼ˾ɣ
˵ֱ꣬ӽ绰һεĵݸκɽ
κɽҪ׼˵Ҹʮӵʱ䣬˸ҹȥԺҿ㣬ǾͲһֻ첲ôˣ
ллллֶллֶ
κɽĳſ˹ȥ˿ԼЩظĸо
ַ⡭ǣ
޼ǿ׵ʵһԵޫhҲǼЩ˵ˣ
֮ǰǸŮ׻ЩŲ׵ĸо
Ѿûκε뷨ˣ
Ȼǻ֪׵ǸʲôģѾ˼ҷǳˣ
һ绰Ȼκɽ˵̬ȣǷǳļ
ҡϴ󰡣ַԥһµ
ЦŵܣʲôݲһƤѣַޫhһַҵֵܣҲĿ̶ֵģ
ǣлֶлֶ޼ҲͷȻǡǸֶղĸͨİ
һʶչװ뵼幫˾ܲ޽˹ղǸ绰޽˹κɽģЦŵ
İǡ޽˹ܲô˵޼һߣ˾Ǵ˼Ѫһ˷ܣ
޽˹˵ʲôƣǿԲһµġ
Ҳʵʵ˵ֻ⻰ֻ˵һ룡
һԵ޼ʲô֮һ㣬ҲǼ⡭ô˵ǺڴƼһоˣллأллذ
ִ֡磬ллллޫhȻЩ˼ҲǼ
ȱæŸлңȻ޽˹ô˵ձҸܾˡ
޼Ůַһ󼤶ʱ仰·һӰǴô˵һ㣡




2488ϴϼŶ³
 


˿̵޼Ůַһı
ԭΪ޽˹ӦˣôҲû뵽Ȼ׾ܾˣ
õҲһָоɣ
޼ɫӳһӱѪɫһԵޫhҲЩ̱ҪַĻУ
־˳̩ɽһ㣡
־˳֪Լϴ϶µġ
ǿ˵ӣ޼ŮַҲ̫һЩˣ
ϴľܾˣǿ϶ʲôİ취ǣ
ܡܾˣ
޼ʿˮףΪʲôǰ˾Ȼܾˣ
һԵַҲǼæϴ㡭ô
ַӦ֪˲̫ϲвղ޽˹˵ĺΪѣȻҲӡ
˵Ȼ˱Ӳ飡
׻ƴǱ߽оƬջ׬Ǯ
ⶫערȨ֮󣬸û̫ĳɱ
ô¾Ϊ˱ԼĹһЩЭòɣ
׾ԲܴӦ飬ȻǲԸԼ
ڴƼ
ԭҪֻģתֻоƬĻǸ
һ˲ľֻ췽ҹ̷飬һ붼ġ
ɡϴǡǺڴƼô찡
޼ޫhбƣҲҵף
Ϊǲ֪˵ʲô·ֵַܣ˵ûʲôˡ
׿ַЦŵȻǲоƬҾڴƼԺԼоƬͺˡ
ʲôԼоƬ
ַûһϲǱѧģȻ֪еļѶжôĸӣ
Ҫ֪һϵͳԵḶ́ɲ˵ܹĳģ
ȻȥһССоƬǳף漰˼վΪġΪ֣
һԵ޼ҲǿֶۡܲܲЦ˰鼴ǹĿǰҲû̫İ취ǲǡ
Щ鲻ô֪ͲأʵоƬⷽѾһܵŶоѾ˳ɹˡҪľǸ𽫳ɹֱתΪƷˣ
Щǵ˵Ȼ׻ƵоƬ׶ΣôԾһݵĽˣ
οַ־˳ԼĺֵܣƷûκεģ
׽Щ齻ǣҲǷǳķĵģ
⡭ⲻܣ
޼ޫh㵵ĿףǼͬʱ˵Ļ
ΪʲôܣЦŷʵ
оƬĺŶǿǻѷǳĳɱģ˵Ǹˣչװ뵼Ĺ˾ҲǺ֧ŵġһЩ˾ģĹ˾ȥоЩ
޼ǲףøܣ
оƬʲôĶƾ˾ܹŪ
ڳǲǷˣ
ϴĲ϶ûģһͷİɡַ޼˵
ַǲһл죬Ǹ֪зһоƬҪôĲ֧šô˵ɣȫоƬ˾Ӣذ뵼幫˾ÿзǶ֪𣿡
޼ǰ˵󻰵ıʵ̫ˣ
ҪǸղۿ׸޽˹绰ܹ׵ƭӸȥ
ڼӣʵЩף
Ϊźʲô׾ܾ޽˹
ҪǸղ״Ӧ޽˹Ļ鲻ͽ
ٰ塭ַϵʵ޼̾һӢذ뵼幫˾ȥзһ𣡡
һϴ˵ӦûʲôģַЦЦ
һԵ־˳ҲǵǮϴ˵⣡
ԹԣһǺܴ󰡣һǵжǮˣ
޼ҲˣԼǲǸ˴ͬһˣ
һ
۶κһҵ߸˵Ƕһŵ֣
ַ㡭ϴ󵽵ʲô˰ô˵оţӰ
ޫhʱˣʮֵĺ˵˭
ϴҡ˵𣿡
ַƺЩѯʵףΪû˵Ҳ̫ҡ
ַţֻҪϴϰæǺڴƼֻأ
ν˵Ҷ˵ˣݲһƤѣʲô˵ģ
޼ޫhڴĿַǵҪʲôݣ˵Ϊʲôôţ
ַɤӵϼ˵ɣϴϼŵĶ³




2489··תĺڴƼ
 

˲ž
޼İ칫ڣԵЩˣ
ϼŶ³ף
޼ޫh°ͶѾˣôҲû뵽ǰ˾ȻǴ֮дϼŵĶ³
һӸоЩĸо
ޫh֮ǰһ㶼ףݺ֮֮˶ˣ
ԼѾȻϼŵĶ³ͬѧֵܣ
ϢޫhһӸоԼ벻ˣôɺϵأ
һԵ޼֮ޫhҲǺòȥ֮ǰΪڴţ
ôһ˾Ȼ˵ҪúڴƼתͣҪ˵úڴƼо뵼оƬ߾ļ
ֱ췽ҹ̷һĹ£
Ҫ֪ǿƼз棬ǶҪǿʽΪ֧ŵġ
˭ҲΪǰôǮзɣ
˼ϼŵĶ³ƺһеⶼѾˣ
ϼŵĶ³ʲô
ǿۼڵĳһ˼ҵлĲ£
ֶ
޼ףоԼƮˣ
֮ǰַӴַһֱû˵Լôţһѧ
һԵޫhַҲֵʵַҡô֮ǰһֱû˵㻹ôţһѰ
⡭ϴһҲ˵˵ˣ˵Ҳǰɣ
ַҲЩε˵׾ͳǵǰҲǸоһĽ
ַԼⱲõǸһᣡ
ҲΪһᣬų׵ĸıԼˣ
һЦŵޫhַŮѣǾֵܵŮˣȻַôһϴϴҲĿҵֵɣ
ֶҡû뵽ȻϼŵĶ³⡭ղʵǶԲˣҡ۲ʶ̩ɽ
޼ɫҲЩΣ֮ǰһ˿˵
֪˼Ҳһ𣬶һ
֪׵ݣ޼ȻԶ׼ģں޲Ҹطȥ
װڰֵܣ֮ôĿҸղŵ鲻֪ô룿
û⣬û⡣ֶ˵ʲôǾʲô
˿̵޼ʲôɷأ
οڴƼѾĵزҲûκεİ취ˣ
ãȻôˣǾ˵һ˵ͶʵɣЦŵ
Ͷʣֶ֪һκڴƼΪзֻеʽͶȥˣҡϲһǮûУڴƼǷа˸ڵĴ
޼һεĿףʱҪתͣûκεİ취Ͷʣ
˼ֶͻȻҪȨ䣬ҪԼͶʣ޼ڲһǮûУǷһƨɵծ
Ҳһ֮ɫ
һԵַҲǲ˼Ŀ׵ϴһҸ־˳ڣҲͶ뵽ˣ
޷ܶҲҪ˾ȥΨһҪ鲻ҪκεĹϵˣֻͶʺռݹȨ
׿ַ˵ҲܳõĴߣ
ĿǰҶһļҲ׽⣬ôʵҲΪ˽ǰֶѣ
ֶҪĻǡǶ಻˼ֶģָǾʹ
޼׼ᶨ˵ֻ֪ҪϼŵͶʣôһжˣ
׵ͷȻ˵ĻҾֱ˵ˣ
ϴ˵ɣĸлַҲǸмĿ׵
װڰֵû£ȻǺڴƼĿӣַܻ־˳Ǹռݰٷ֮ĹɷݰɣʣµĹɷʱ
ллϴ󡭡ַҲǼ˵
ٷ֮Ĺɷݣէһûж٣뵼幫˾һǷǳĴ
ٷ֮Ĺɷݵװ͸ǣһ͵Ļʱٷ֮Ĺɷݿ¼ֵǧڶпܵģ
Ϊҵˣ޼ȻҲ֪ٷ֮Ĺɷʲôˣ
ͶʴһǧҵĹģȲӡUĿǰŶо³ɹӦĿǰõоƬˡרɣרעעںڴƼɣ
׿޼һε˵һƣⷴǲ˻ɲǣ
޼һļһǧڵͶѾǺţ
רȨںڴƼĻֻҪרͨʱڴƼؽҫ磡
׵˸޼̸һ֮Ҳ뿪˺ڴƼ
޼˵飬ѾǽܸĶˣ
״˿Ҳǳϼŵķ˹ȥ




2490븮Ƶ
 

ϼܲ¥
ԭõϼܲɴǱߣ½ϼܲ¥ȴΪһ⾭ӪǼƵ꣡
׿ⶰԭ׼ϼܲĴ¥ҲЩ㵣
ϼ޳ľ˳ȥ˿̵ҲǾν
Ȼûа·ܲ¥ĳɾƵ굹Ҳһ׬ǮĿ
븮
Ž̻Ի͵ļִھƵϷȥҲ쳣İ
ײδֱǰϼܲиƵ꣬һϼԼľƵ꣬ҲҪһ£
ҪҸطԼɣԾطˣ
׻ʳ
ѾкܶûƷõˣһȻǲŹĻ᲻ǣ
ãӭ븮λԷסޣ
ſڣһӭĹ￴ףҲ쳣ò
ó븮ԱҵʿȥǷǳġ
Էסޣ׿ǰλŮҲЦŵ
õģλŮףҲǳǳһЦ
ţ㲻ſӭô
Щƣſӭ˾һԼĻôһôأ
һ븮ɣָƵģǿֻס޵ĻǻһֱֱͬͷϢڱò͵ĻҲҽ߳ΪһλҲרԱģһ˷ģ
ȻŮ֮󣬺ܿһλŮĲȥ
ַ񣬾ǳǼĴˣ
һһ˱ĸо
ʲôְ׿λŮЦʵ
ã븮ǰ̨Աڣգ
ڿףһְҵԵЦݣ
СǰɣҪæĻǵжΪ񰡣˹ɱǲЩ󰡣Цʵ
Ȼ˵Ǳ飬׿ȷЩԴ˷ѣ
Ĺһ㶼ָƶȵģʵǵǸݾƵʹʳ˵ġǱҲרŵԱֻΪṩһЩѣӭԱĿǰһҲͶʮң
ĵĻش׵⣬̬ҲЩ
׵ͷõİɣҲ쵽ˣҪȻȥԸ
Ե֪ҪʳҪ䣿ʳĿǰλĿǰһ䣡
ڿЦʵȥȻرҲԣ
Ǳ߿˵ɣһ˳ҲǳԣһԣҲмҪ㣡
׿ЦŵֻЩΣ
׵ãֻǷԱôܹһòأ
ǷģӦþ˵ĸҪɣЦʵ
ǡģǷԱԷǾ֪Ļʱǡ
ڻЩˣ֪ԼǷԱǶҲõȵһεķ֮Լܹʳȥһ㣡
ͻȻ亰ԷһЩβѣ
࣡
ڻҪ׼˵ЩʲôʱĶӾȻЩˣ
Ӧʵ̫Ӧˣ
ҲǹһֵСǶˣͲô˰ɣҾǾ֪ˣ˵ˣ
ǡ
ڻҪ׼ֻܾǰԵһҲ֪˵ʲôˣ
׳Ҫ㲻ӦĻҿɾҪͶ˰
𣬹ǧҪͶҵĻµĽɾͶû˰
һô˵Ҳһ
óںںһݹʣҲںǮ
ʵڻƺĴ棬˭ںǮأְǮһֵˣ
ܹжأٰٷ֮ʮϵ˾Բ˵İɣ
ͶνķҲվǱ߿ҳԷ˿ûϰվǱ߿ҳԷ
׳ҲЦЦʵ֪һе˲ף
ĵͷлл
ˣôҲʲôֵÿ顭Цŵ
ڴ׳Ŷ¥ķ˹ȥ
׽Ƶ֮Ƶװ޵λĲһĸߣҲΪαȽϸߣԷҲǶˣ
¥̨
ڣǲ˰Ȼ˵һᣬȹӵĶѵ֪𣿸οһˣҪʲôᰡ
ڵȴڣֻǵ׼߳ԷʱȴһЩг
ɳȻԶȴ쳣




2491ŲƵ꣡
 

¥ķ̨
ԭΪɵģƺ
᣿
˵ͷ»ǲС
ӦϼµĲҵʲô᣿
׵üͷ΢壬ĳڵķ˹ȥ
Զ
ڵɫһһףƺҲЩίδ̫֨
ڣԼµ飬Լɣ
ڵĶ棬һǰ̨װŮӿҲЦһ
ν㣬ҶѾ˵ˣ֮ǰһӸŪˡҸһ£ǺϤԡ
ڸϽǸν˴кóȷЩ޴ĸо
ν˵ѲȥðűͶߵΣյǸЦ
ԥһźνҲǵҪȻɣȥڹͨһ£ҪȻܲڴóԷ
һˣҪʲô᣿ڴóԲһղֱ˵û˶ã߱аᣬֲ˼ң͵ŰɡµĽҿǱˣ
νĻһĴͷɥǼʱĵԼ̬
ڵͷν㣬ǶԲ𣬸鷳ˡҿǵĲܵʲôĻԼ𣡡
ߣڣ㸺㸺ȹʲôӦ֪İɣȹ֪ĻԲ˶Ҹ㣡
νƺЩڣ֮ûκεĿĳɷ֣
ǣν㣬ҵһЩ
ҲεĺܣѾ֪ˣֻ˿ȥЩ˵ĸо
Ұ㵣˭ҵһҾ͸߾ȥʰʰɣ
νЦһ˵ĵطн仰һ㶼٣
üͷڵʲôȥܣҲȥܣ
а᲻ãЩˣ
ô°ôᶼ
ȥǸν
˼ûаˣҪȻڴðɣ߻һλĻһõλöûˣ
ν㿴ֻһˣҲһ˵
ֻ֮ȥ˸оһĲˬ
׳ղС˵һİɣǴӴߵҲû˹ɣ
Ѿ˵ˣûаˣ
νһεȷϵ⵹ǼףΪĲˬ
˵ղСȷĸ˵ˣаġ˵ûУҪһĽͣ
ͣͰɣν㿴˵
ڿףЩŵ˵ˣղҵʧ󣬶ԲĺܶԲ𣡡
ʧʲô˼ղ˵аİɣ˲̫ϲڣаȻҪѡġǮ⣡
׿ҲЦŵʵҲ֪ڣ
ԥһȷеģȹӳڶİᣬǾƵһ㶼ǲʹõģ
ȹӣǺǣô˵ÿ춼ҪǮˣʵ
ȻãȹʲôݣԷҪǮνһ˵
ΪʲôøǮطӦϼŵĲҵɣϼŵĺȵûκιϵɣ
׿Ǻν㣬ͬʵ
νû˵Ҫֻ֪Ҫ֪û˾Ϳˣ
ǣһҪˣǾأǾŲţ
һҲŭˣ
ﵽ˭ôţ氡ԷǮҲˣĳڰռһᣡ
ǵΪϼŵĶ³ԼҲû
ԼĲҵôȥһ˲ţŭΣ
һԵڼ޳ˣԭΪǸǳ˵ڼҴ磡
ŷ֣һ㶼˵
ڻҪԼľ֪һˣԼҲ군ˣ
һݹʣڿǹնղġ
Ȼ߽һ£һҲһĹʣ
һոձҵĴѧ˵һݹȫǸнְҵˣ
ڼϼŹҲǷǳ棬ĺϧһݹ
ֻ⹤˼죿ھͱôһ¨ӣܲʧأ
˽ӣĺ޲ԼӣҪǸղԼ˵ˣҲǳ
ӴӴӴһԿ˵󻰵Ҽˣһǵһμ
νһ׵ĻҲŭˣ
һʵ̫ʶô˰
һ飬Ǹǲһⷹ꣡
׵ƢҲǷǳš͵һˣ




2492ˣ
 

ҪûУҪңҿһ㣡ˣⲻ𣡡
νͱ˵̬ȣѾŭף
һԵŵЩ֨ˣû뵽˵ƢҲôĻ𱬣
ĿźνǣΣ
ҰҼˣƤĺܣҪңҿ㣬㻹û
νҲǼǮ˵ϼŵĲҵ
ҪƵոӪµʱ䣬û뵽ôһ
ȻҪȹӵİ䣬ҪҾƵ꣡
飡
ںνΪ׸ҶֵʱȴһĿʼˣ
ҵĻǷǳˮƽֱһԵӳŷ̨˹ȥ
νĿɿڴĿǰһУԼ͵ʱȴ׵һεһԵ໨ɴƿ棡
ǿǾƵ껨һ໨ɴƿһֱһӾȥˣ
ϵĴ֮ӾƵ洫˳ܿþΧˣ
㡭ĸǾƵ꣬ˣˣ
νҲŵĶԱߣǽ˵
ֻǿҲŵĲᣬ֪˾ȻϼµľƵ꣡
ЦһĪΪڸ㿪ЦɣȥǾҽйа᲻ǾͲҵˣǾƵô𣿡
һ˭ȻϼŵľƵꣿ
Ҳһ׻˵úã
أϼŵĵ̰һûп˭ôŹ
ٷԵĿֵ˰û뵽ȻܿôһϷ
µ˶ǿֵ̬ûжٵĹϵ
˿һ㶼ǲ´ģǵϣֵԽԽã
úúãҵţ
νһ׸ڣҲǼҴҵԽͶ潲ʲô
ʱ
һŴþεӣһڰԱ͵棡
˭£
ǸþɨһȦˣȻĿ׺ڵϣ
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ڸҪ׼ǰȥͣǸľѾǲͷĴˣ
ŭһ˭ҵľƵꣿ
ҵģôˣ׿Ǹľ˵ȻǾƵаᣬΪʲôǿʹã
ʲô᣿֪׷ʲô飡
һԵĺν̵һҪȹӵİᣬҸ͹ˣȹӵİǾƵ곤ڵĶ㣬ǲ˵ǾƵꡣǷͨ޹ˡ
£ǾƵꣿʵ
ʲô˿ϵۣǾôԴǵϵ۵ģοʲôȹӳԷøǮһͷһ˵һԷǮˣԷǮȣƺռκεưɣοֲڣΪʲôҲ᣿
ʵҲһķ
ŵӣʵλǲ̸᲻ˣǾƵô˵
ߣǳߣ׵˵
㡭ĻǿɾҪˣһܹ⳥ʧĻҲԸִ󡭡
ô£ۣ
Ǳ߹ͨʱ򣬴Ⱥ֮߳˼ˣ
סܣȹӡ
һˣҲһ
ҲǽĿ˳Ǳ߿˹ȥʶ
ͷĳǸܺȹӵķ˹ȥܿĽ˵һ飡
˵֮˵ɫ˲ͱˣ
Ǻǣ˸ȷİ䣿ҵҪ˭ôţƣ
ȷ棬ҲǸ˵еȹĿһŭȵ
һԵĺν㿴ȷ棬ǰȹӣǲ֪˵ȹӵİ䣬֮Աǣȹﰡ
ȷ˵ߣҵҪǲͷۣܣĵ̣ҾͲ˵ʲôˡ
ȹӣĺˣһƴһεҲհף
ܿȷ棬ҲЩֺõ˵
ΪϼľƵܾȷ滹Ƿǳأ
ȹӣڣ֮һᣬҪ˵аᣬͱˡνһʱѵ
ôģֱӿܳ
˿̵һı֪֮Լڴϼˣ
һ뵽ߣڵһεĻ
һŭݵʵҵҪ˭ܿ˭ϼŵ˭ңȻ˵
˭Ҷ֪Ҿ͸㣬Ҳ㳤ʶϼŵܲñȹӵĸס
˵һﻹĶŵĿ԰




2493ȹӱ
 

׵ɫ൱ѿ
һԵȹӵһķƵԼһͷѣ
ͷҲûм֮ǰھưһ۲ʶ̩ɽ
ǵһ֪Լ֮˾͸һ
һһﵹЩ⣬֪ϼŵĲҵ֪ԼԤİȻҵ꣡
˭
ԽģȷԽЩ˼
ҪȻǷǳģ
ϼŵܲʲôʱˣ
üͷԼ߲һʱ䣬ôܲöˣ
֮ǰԼܲöŵأ
ԼµĲҵȻӣԼоһϧ
˵ʲô·ôܹϼŵܲأ
˵˭ѡεģΪʲô˻λã
ǣܲðǰˣСӣϼſ⣬ڸȹӵǸٰʧ⳥ˣǵǿԷһ
ܿ˿ףҲǵ
ʵϣϼűˣȷǺ䶯Եţ
ϾǳĵϣϢ˲õѡ
һˣŪǷĻʱհ׵ĻǳԲ˶
ԲԸ⿴ģ
⳥ˣŵأ
ŵǼһڲϼŵĶ¶ѣֲСôţǶŵ˰
һ㶣漴Ц
һĪǻΪŵܲãԲôţ
֮ǰ룬һ￴ȥһӣôȻϼŵľƵأ
ҵԭԭһܻ֪ŵѾ̨ˣװβǣ
Ƕŵʲôˣȷһ׾ȻǶŵˣҲĿһ
ԼĸܹܲãҲΪѶŵȥ֮Ūλõģ
ʲôõ𣿡
СӣҪǰɣŲŽ˾ƵĴ¥ȷˣᣬҲϼ
ȷҲǳ׵ı׵̬ȸŭˣڶŵѾʧˣǰһ
Ȼǲܵ飡
׿˿ȷһĲ߲¥
úúãСţǰɣأҰСȴ˵κȷ渺𣡣
ȷ򵨱ĵ̣
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ȻȷĸһȷȽϵȷ͵
ȷĸȴ쿴ȷɣ
ټϼŵĲҵʵ̫̫ˣȷμܲõĶӣȥܲǱ߸״
˵븮Ƶ꣬ȷȻԼ߶һᣡ
Ҫ֪ΥŹƶȵģȷ沢ں£
ԼǼܲõĶӣһȨ˵ֱС˼
һ˲䣡
ѾΧ׵ѾǱñˣ
ͳȷ棬׾ȷǸҲʲôöȻһЩԩλεܲã
һ㣬Ǿ̸֮ɣ
ӽãӵҲŲжεģ
ȷǰɣ˸Ҷһ£ұ֤𣿡׵Ŀȷ棡
˿̵ȷﻹʲôǣڶȷ˵ӱʲôҪ
꣬ĵ̣СӾȻĵвң˵ôɣҾһҪ󣬴趼ʶˣ
ȷ濴ױܵľȻЩˣ
֮оâ̱һ㣬ͺԼղһ˲˱˿һ㣡
һŭѸٵĿʼѪҺ֮˿
꣬븮Ƶܣ
һ׾ȻвܲõĶӵʱĵһӦάȹӵӣ
ЦһȹӣϲţۼĻŵȹһһͻ޵ˣ
ٺ٣ϿЩ˰ʼɰܣȷЦ˼׾ǿһɵһѣ
ϸȷˣᣬܹúõվǰˣĲ࣡
ѾΧǿҲЩԥǲǱѣƺȴΪ˴һ㣡
Ǽ׼Ҫֵʱ׵ӰȴһĳȷķϮ
žž
ĴصĴȷϣ
ȷӷ˳ȥͷ֮ϻƮŰ׻λεݣ
ŵݣȷ汻ƣһݱˣ
Ŀɿڴ
һ̶ĿɿڴȺ֮˼ˣֻһ˿׵ʱ˾㵵Ͷסˣ




2494ͻȻӲ
 


븮Ƶ¥˶ǰһĻˣ
λԱΧǸһȻͻ˷ߣֱӳȹǱߴ˹ȥ
ң
ȹӿȥʵǲ֮
׵ĸͷһȹԼһЩʹİ
һ˲䣬˶ȴ˼
ǿֱڳˣ֮֮ǰ׼ǰЩԱһӺ˺ü
ǲǴ߶ѣ·ƴĽ࣬˭ҲԼõ㹤Ҫɣ
꿴ǰľҲǲסſˮ·֮ʲôסһ㣡
ȹӱˣ˸оһͷƤ飡
ԭΪһоƿ֮еľ棬׵Ƴ׵ĸıˣ
ȹ˵Ĳ״Ҳʶĺ˵оЩ̫ˣ
㡭㾹ȻҴȹӣϡϽϽ
Ҳûκεİ취ֻбܹ⡣
ڱܹжأ
ڰ˵˶Ѿˣ¾ԼҪùʱˣ
ǿܲõĶӰԼĵϱ˸ˣԼȻѲ˸ϵģ
һԵҲǳ׵ıˣԭֻǽӴһˣû뵽Ȼ飡
븮¥ĲǽܲõĶȹӸˣ
ھ·ҲǾȲԼˣ
ڵвסĻںţоԼˡ
ʲô취أ˭Լûʲǫ̂أ
븮ܹʮа˾ű˳ġ
ܶ˶ڵ£Ҫżߡ
Ǹν㣬Լı˳ǹΪԼ
һҪΪνĻҲڵĵز
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ûн֮ǰط
ܣ
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Ǿںν׼ͨⱨ绰ʱȴְĶ߳һˣ
˲ǱˣϼŵгӪܼ죡
Ҳ߽Ӵֻܴгֵ
Ӵһ֮Ҳǳų̵Ĺô£
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ףϼŶ³Ȼ
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ڿ׶֣Ҳ˳
׿˳Ҳǳ˵ͷ
鼤ѹԼУŰһε˵ܣڸʲô
ܼ࣬áһﲻǾƵ꣬ܲõĹӡֱ޷죬޷찡
һˣҲǸϽߵߵ
⵽ô£λ˲ܺúõǵķİɣܵЩԭǣ
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䣿ô֪ô£˭Ȩ
ʵ֪飬ֻϼܲõ
Ϊһʮˣʵķǳ͸
ο׵һ±εܲôѹķǳ
ԼҲλֹгӪĸܲãʵѾǱȨ
˵һϵѹЩˣ
ڿףоǿĹһ㣡
ȻûдԼݣԼҲûбҪ׵ݣ
׼Ȼȷ棬˵һֶŭˣ
꿴ܼ࣬ڲʱȹӶˣ㻹Щ飿
ǶííȹΪܲõĶӣ͸ӵӦعҵǾȹӱĺã
Ļ˸оһǲǷˣ
ⲻǹȻĸܲó𣿿Ȼѡ˰˵ļһ
һʱ䣬ܶ࿴ֵ˸оԼ˼άˣ
죬㡭㾹Ȼ˵Ļ㻹ǲ˰ŭһ
꣬ҿǲˣȻΥŵĹƶȣ㵽Ҫʲôŭһ
ڣĵҲǷǳˣ
ȷ濴죬Լͣŭָ죬֣ܣϽҸ׹ҾͲŽβӣ
ܲùҲô˵һ




2495²ȹ
 

һʱ䣬ոоЩ뽩֣
꿴ȻˣⱨʱȻҪһˣ
ʵĶڰ˵νģ
Ҳ̫ӣȻԸͷԼӵҲ
ʱܲùҪìͷֱӶ׼Լ
ԴǵӣзһЦ
ȹӶˣʱǹȻҪܲöŸ
λӣҪȻȽȥ
ķٶ˶ЩˣȻ׽ȥ
ðȷ涼ڵ
ȷܿȻˣ֮ǰ˵ʶŵŵ˶һ·ˣ
˾ʶҲֲ֣ٶ
ԭһʶǰˣһ뵽ߣȷˣ
Լ˴ˣȻվһһߣҪ˵ʲôͣ
׿Ҳ¶һ˿Цݵܼ࣬þòȻܼʢĳҲȴ֮˰СҪҪһ𰡣
ˣˡ
ڿ׾ȻʱԼȻǲԸȥģ
ͲԸ͵棬ϾһСӣ
һԵЦŵҿСȥҲãԺеǻ
΢΢ͷţҲǣԺеǻᡣ߰ɡ
һĻҲЩһͷˮĸо
˼ôԼڵҲǴŸмʶ˵ܣлл
ԺǾˣԷȻؼҰɣ쵭һЦ
ںݺݵĵͷȻ˼쵼ǿЦϾԼֻһλǰ̨ӴԱѣ
˼ô˵ȴкܿģ
ллܣȻȥˣڳ΢΢һЦ
ǰ̨ľۿӣڣҪ
ҶѾˣƺ븮ƵѾûйϵ˰ɣҲŭһЩ۵
ߣûйϵ֪ȹӵĺ˵
һߣҲЩ£
쿴˵һССľƵǰ̨Ȼ˱ӵֶвһո̤ŮϼʲôʱˣҸ㣬Ժˣ˭ҪǸҶһ£ǾǸȥ
ھ㵵Ŀ죬ʵҲʶģ
Ͼ븮Ƶһµʱ䣬ϼŵĸ߲ҲʶһЩġ
ԭгӪܼ࣬ӴͷǳĶࡣ
ֻôҲû뵽ŵ쵼Ȼվ˵ˣһʮ㣡
۱һ仰Ҳ˵ɫһǺ죡
꿴۳С첻һˣʲôһܲˣ͵ž̸˰ɣ
꣬ʲôҰʲôʱ
ȷ濴Űʵֻ˵оЩ©ĸоһķЦ
ȹӣոѾܲô˵绰ˣܲðСʱӦþ͵ˣ꿴ȷ
̡ϸ˰ǸΧˡԲܹ˸ˣȷŭһ
İɣȹӣܵ˺ܲ컹زһܲˣҿ컹ûиղŵֵˣҲ
׺컹ڵ뿪ıӰҲıӶˣ
ȷ˿пըˣԼ˴ˣұ˾Ȼˣ
ܴ裡
ܴ裬Լĵϱһ֪ðļһˣ
⻹ȷ޲ֱȥһźã
Ǹղ׶ֵӣȷѾûǸһﶯ֣
ԼҪǸһˣĻӵң
򲻹ֻаȱˣ
ֻܹԼĸ׹ԼˣȻҲ֪Լĸײһˣ
ԼˣԼĸܲĿԼĶӱܲ˰ɣ
Լ븮ж飬Լĸ֪ˣҲǳԼһٰˣ
ȷһҪǿͷ˵ùǸԼСӣһҪε
Լĸ׻ûСƺǰһܲöŵЩ
ȷҲһɵӣ֪һлҪԼĸ׹ܹģ
˿̣
ѾǳԼİ˹ȥ
Ȼ뿪븮Ƶ꣬ҲǾ鲻ӦǣһŮ
ֶ
̤һ̣û뵽ԼȻֿһˣ
ļˣҲЦԼ˰




2496ټϲ
 

һڣ
ܴײʶ֮⣬ļ׵ǷǳϤ
ϼŲܼҿܼﶼ棡
ټһԵ죬׵ԭˣ
ֻ˵ȷЩ̫⣬ҲǸĳһۣŽһ¿ƣ
Դ뿪ϼ֮ҲûκεѶ
˼ƺҲ˼һ뿪֮ƺҲϼû̫Ȥ
ڵϼţ졢ҿЩԵˣ
ʵǵе˴绰ףֻϧ׵ĵ绰һֱͨ
Ҳǳ׵ˣ
ֻû뵽Ȼһεļףͻ֣
˷ܡͣ
˵ϴŵĶ˷ܵı飬ǿҲӭȥ
ֶôˣ
￴ףۿ֮дһ˿˿ʪ
һԵҿҲǼ׵ֵֶǻ˰
Цŵղֶ
׿żЦŵǻӣһ㶼ûб仯
λǣ
һԵλܴ죬ǲʶף
һЦλϼŵĴʼˣĶ³ֶ
ʲôֶʧʧ
һ׵ݵʱֱ涼ȥһˣ
ôҲû뵽˳ϼó³λõףһ̾Ȼˣ
һλﰡ˵ļ֪ˣ
׶˵ǺǣԵ֣İɡ
ֱڿ죬ҲǸŮˣ
ܵί֮һҲܲˣڿ׻ˣҲһѱһĿ׵³ҪڲĻǶ֧Ųȥ˰
ô£
׿ʵҲ֪˹Ĳף
֮ǰʱ׾ͿóѾʧȥ˺ܶĵλ
ǸļһҲܵô˵ŭˡ
Ҫ֪ڼҲǺ绽һ
һССĴƵܾȻӲļŸ߹ܡ
Ȼǲ飡
ڴ֪Ҫһˣ
Щ˶ԼһɽˣڿʵЩܣ
ԴӶŵ֮ܲϰڻ϶ǿտˣܲǳ׵ĽǼܿˣ
Щ¿ˮϼҲûЩ
һһҲ飡׵˵ֻǶŵôúõܲþȥأ
˵Դֶ뿪Ժ󲻾ã˼λܲáһλڵܲϲרȨܲΪȨЩԼˣ
￴Ҳ̾һ
һԵҿͷϼŻˣһų׵ƿϼţǱ׵ļܿˣ
ôΪΣ׵ʵ
쿴׵˵ʵǿԵģΪҲʲôıײӦþˣһѧ֪µ
ǰʵܲõҲǷǳĿԵģƴѧľѧʿˮƽ϶ǷǳĲġ˽׻ƵĹ飬ʵ̫ɶˡ
ҲòʵǷǳĲġ
ˣû˹ܹüʵ
ܣ˭ҹܣΪܲãæĽŲŵأǰΪƨĸҹ֮ܰǰڻҵһΣɻû˵һ룬ͱ˺Ұȥˣ
Ƶ˵Ϊܼ࣬ͶⷽȽϵУ
ֶһλͲ˰ɣǿɶذҿҲһڴʵ
ҿܴһӾҪˣϼŵĴȨѾȥˣԭһλֻǿѣû뵽Ȼ£ε˵
ֶͲܲϼſ벻ҲЩε˵
׳֮ǰϼŵȻҪúõĽһµģǷİɡ
ֶ仰ǾͷˣǻϣɶŵܲӣϼŻŷԭ쿴׵
׵ͷһǸ˵ɣô޷Ĺڵġ
һ֮˵ƺҲһЩ
ĵĻȵʱ򣬰űƿˣһλʮµӣɫĿ£
һǳ׵ĸǰ




2497ܲ
 


ΪϼŵĶ³еȨ֪ˣ
ϼŹΪǿĵһӴʲѾ͸˺ܶҵ
ֻҪᵽϼţû˭֪ģ
Ҳĳ֮һˣΪϼŵܲãӴȺҰҲ÷ǳĲһ
ֻǽոմػԼ븮Ƶ걻ˣ
ŭգ
Ҫ֪븮ϼŵĲҵԼҵĲҵˣǴԼ
ȻԼҲһֺɸֵĸоϣǱԼĶӣ
븮ƵĶ¥һƬǽľ׵ķŭˣ
븮֮һص㹤̣ҲΪ۵ĳɼ֮һ
û뵽ҵµʱ䣬ȻƵ걻ˣ
Լ棬ټϰȷһɿ𣬰˵һǴ裡
ڵһΪĹǾǴԼӵһ
ֻվڵİһ̣ȴ澹Ȼϼŵ߹У
ŭ
ʵǷŭޱȣ
оԼ˱ԼɫĿ£
˭˾Ƶꣿ
ֻ֮ǿһ֮ʵ
ܲã鲢˿վ׵ĸǰĵҲһ㣡
ȷվһԣֻĿˣ
˵ֻҪľǵȴһˣ
ȷ濴Լĸ˵ߣ֪עԼһģ
Цһܼ໹֪ԼϼŵˣԼҵĲҵƻ㻹һȾƣĻ󰡣
ܲ˵Цˣ˶²ˣܲòԼд𣿡
ǿӲԼЩˣû뵽ǳԴҩһ㣬ȻҸԼŸɣ
죬ǷȻܲô˵ʱĳһ£Դǵ̬ȾĻһ㣡
֪ĻΪһΪϼŵأ
쿴Ű꣬ŭһ꣬ҪݵĻҲн鷢ɣ
죡
ʵ̲סˣоԼȨܵս
һԵЦһܲãǴѹϼŴӴҵ֮ǾˡΪϳӣ˵Ȩɣ
ģҪ˵ʲôĻҲܲý޷
ҿҲһ˵
оҲһˬ
㡭㡭Ҫ췴𣿡ָˣҲ̣
û뵽ԼĵϣԼ¾ȻҵںǳԼ
ûһǷǵȼĹˣ˿̵ŭƺܹ᳹׵ĵȼˣ
췴ǿɲҵ븮ϼŵĲҵֶһִĶҲɲڰɣᣬ㵱̫Ӳɣ
ŭһȾð꿴Ҳһľս
ԭΪ֮ܲ˿϶˵ĸһ㣬û뵽Ȼһ棡
ƺһģȻܲ˵ӲӲ
ʱ껹֪ܵĹȥƨĻʱֻܹȡˣ
ʵʲô᣿
ܲãϼ˵ĺΪѲɲ֪ҿЦһ
ŵֶҲûȨ븮ƵһôİᣬӾȻռһᣬԼʹá
Ҳ˵ģܲãΪŵܲãӦøϳһɣ֪Υ˹˾Ĺƶȣְܲܲˣ
һĿתһԵȷ棡
Լӵͷ֪ľô˵ģ
֪Ǳ˸̧ͷˣԺ¾Ͳùܽˣ
˵ҶȻ̣ܽɴҶӣ븮ƵˣҲ𷣣һӵʱ䣬µ˽
Ȼȥǿƣ˿˵ѾЩˣ
ô˵棬˸Ūĺӣ˺ɸ֮⣬оƺʲôıڵȴԼһ㣡
һԼĶӶܲõˣôܹܵĺϼأܲãϼŵܲĺǲϸ񰡣ʵ̫ʧˣ
׵Ŀ֮дһ˿λߵϢ
׵˵̣µģǺˣ
ҽף׵˵




2498³䶨
 

ף
һֱ׷ˣ
ʵһʱ򣬻ǾЩ죡
ֻױ֮ȸǲ࣡
ɽ֮˱֮ʱòȸѾһ仯
ֻϤ˵ǲʲô˵ˣȥһʱ䣬һЩ仯Ҳģ
仯ȴһӲδϳ׳
ֵʱ׻һվߣ
ף־һ棡
οϼŻ˼ľ˹ңҪȻʲôأ
뿪ϼţϼ˵Ҳ޿ȡģ
˵ģҲ֪׵ĵζʲô
˿̵оһı磬û뵽ԼĶӾȻײǹˡ
ȷֵʱ򣬲ŵһ̱˵ϣ
ǿϼĶ³˵Ӱһ׵֣͸оҪ군ˣ
ֶ֡
˵Щˣ˿̿ɫһӱͨޱȣ
׵ĿһܲãȻҪ˵Ҿ͸һ˰ɣ
⡭ֶ˵Цˣû뵽ֶԹˣôҲҴ绰Һð˽Ӵ
ϳ˿ɬһĻԼ֪Ӧôˣ
ԼĶӰռŰᣬ˼ֶҪᶼûҪõ
̣
һּȵķ̰
ϼŵĴʼˣԼ촫ĵطȻԷĵضҲ
Ķͷһ亹֪Լһǹȥˣ
ҾܲõĴݣĶҿɶڲƽ׳˵
ᣬᣡСһͷһúõʰ
һıǺ޲øԼѾͷĶӵϼŲŽأ
ҪΪĶӣԼҲڵ̶ȣ
񿴵ֶԼоһ
᣿ҿ²ᣬһֱΪϼӦǳһǰû뵽ϼŸոսǣǾԼеְȨʵҷǳʧ
Ǻʧ
Ҳ֪¸Լû̫Ĺϵ
ް߰׵ӣ֪ӦǱȽϵĵģ
ʵЩ̫ӵˣ
ҡҴˣֶ͵Ǹƨҷ˰ɣ
ȷҲһʹһ֮󣬾֪ûô׽ˣ
Լĸײϼŵܲãôľֻƨˣ
ЦһҵĲҵɲӻġԺϼеĲҵȷ̤һ
ֶģһƴһƴ֤ȻС˵̤ϼŲҵΧһ
ףҲǼæ
Ȼܲã֪˵仰ǶôĹã
οȻλ˵ǽԣԵĹã
׵ͷܲõλʱҲᶯ
һҲƽһлֶлֶ
һԵΪʧû뵽ֶȻѡԭ
ֻҪڵһ죬Ƕûκεķ֮հ
׳Ȼڲϼţϼվһִģ
ֶĻһӣ̬ȷǳļᶨ
֪׵Ļǹõģο׺ͺϵĹϵǻõ˵
׵˵ŵΪϼŶ³ͳϼȫ֣ϼŸ߹ܾȨ
һϢҪг
˵ֱǳһŶһ㣡
ֻһԵɫЩ仯ƺҲЩˣ
׼ΪŸܲãֹгӪҿΪŸܲãֹܲΪŸܲãֹ¡Ϊ븮Ƶ긱ֹܾ¡
һϵеЩۻңЩо֣
ڣǸǰ̨СҲνһˣ
ɫ쳣ѿݺݵĿԼҲ֪Լһǳ׵군ˣ
ǸνˣԭǸôùģ
ѾǴһ״̬ˣڳΪ븮Ƶ긱֮о˶ˣ
˭ҿһȻĿһԵ죡
ЦŵԺ˵ɣһ˶
һΣǵֶģȥ죬Сʱ֮ͻOAϵͳϷң
쿴ҲʵֶǸڸղ뿪ˣ
ȥ˼ҰɣҿǴӦСԷģǶûԷزǣ
˵꣬Цų˹ȥ




2499±𴩵
 

ڣ
˿̻֪븮ƵѾǷ˾춯صı仯
ԭż븮Ƶ꣬鵽׳ʲôķչ
Լ뿪Ҳֻ뿪ˣ
ԼԴ֮г
ѧոձҵڣѧǿԵģȫһҵҳҲΪĳڣ
ֻڷǳҪǿϣһԼǳΪǮū
÷¿Լɿģ
ڵĳѧҪһͥкʵǷǳ׵ģ
ѡ˿ԼŬΪԼҲǲģ
ѧձҵҵһݲĹȻֻǰ̨ĽӴϼŰ
ϼźܺõĽƶȣڵռĿǳΪ븮ƵĹԱ
Ҫ֪һ븮ĹԱʮϣһŮܹôߵĹʣȫܹˣ
ȻˣҲǲˣ
ֻǲԼȫϣһ˵ϣĹһŮ
첻Ը
ְȻһ£һѾǾְĺܶĺڰ
ϼſνıһֱСģջûܹӹ³
ȫǳ˵Ԥϣ˸оˣ
ڵļסڽŵ׻صУѾƣ
㣬ôôͻ˰
ʣڵĵܵܣĿǰϸ
ƺеķ۷ǳİ󣬼ڽҲѾǴﵽһƽ
ڵļͥǳһ㣬ڳˣƺҲɶһЩ
ϾڵĹʷǳĲٿԽȼü֮ǣ
ֻҪȵʴӴѧҵڳĻҵӾͷˡ
ŶЩ̫ǰˡأڿԼĵܵʵ
ϰڷչأԵЩءʿڵ㣬߶ýȥһ顭
ˣҡҳпȥһɡںǵ˵
Сڣֲֲʲôģôпյİ
ľںʵĸףһλʮµӣֻǿȥѾЩ˪ĸоˣ
ǡǸϰ֣ҡЩ̫Բȥˡ
һ˵ѣͻͨ죡
ҲСʱɵһϰߣʵѹҲ˵˸ѣ
ľԼŮСڣ˵˵׳ʲôˣ
ûûгʲô飬֣ҵ黹𣿡ӲͷƤ
ʵҲ쳣ķ꣬оһƵǣԼĸײء
ԭҪµĹȥԼĸ׿ģµĹʿҪˮƯˣ
ԼѾǱ븮Ƶˣ⹤ʻŷҪĻˣ
ˣ
Լ׵ʱǼҵѾǱˣ
ľЩüôˣ˭ǼҰ
ҲЩɻһԵʵǻĺܣܹȥ˿ţ
ֻǿˣľڵɫҲ˲Ĳ̫ÿˣ
˪ģôˣʲô
ڿˣɫȷǷǳĲÿ
ʵϣ˪ͺԼĴѧͬѧ˪ԼһСģ
ǼҵҪڼҪúܶˣ
Ȼͬڽ˪ΪǨСһٶķӵģ
Ȼˣˣ˪ǲˬ
Ϊ˪ǴСһС飬˱ѧϰȹϹأ
ֻ˪һҵͽˣڸżʱȲ
ڽϼ븮Ƶ꣬˪ҲǷǳĲˬʵǽȥһֱŻء
ԼϹĹҵ֮ͨƸ˳Ľϼŵܲ
ͬѧǹ㣬ʲô̬Ȱ
˪ϹЦݣƺڵ
ʲôÿģС»ģȥǵĶ磬ܵɶû˵
ʵڵЩǣΪľϼܲģģ
ϢӦǷǳ֣ͨԼ鱻Ǹ֪ˣؼҺ˵˵
Щǵʲôʲô
Ϲ˵㱻ˣڰ⵽ô°˵
˪ʵЩǷᣬһԵĺ˪
ҲԼôֱ˵ʵЩˣ
Ͼͬѧھӣ˼ҶˣֻҲӦðοһ°ɣ
С㡭˵ʲôܣǼСڹĺúõģôܱأ
ľһϢ׺䶥һ㣬Ҳǲһһģ
ڣڼҵϣ




2500侮ʯ
 

˪ͺĵĵһЩ֪룡
Ƕ˵Щ㲻òȥԣ飬ʵһͻ¼
ͻ¼ȴԭúõĹˣ
ڵĸԴԼĸҲ岻ô
ڿܹԼѧԼĸĸѾΪˣ
ˣȻҪӹͥصˡ
һʼҵĹͷǳĲһ¾һĹʡ
Ҷϣԭ·˹ʾʹԼĸȥҽԺġ
ڳ飬ҲһĿƣ
ԭȥҹҲ׬ȡһЩʰɣ
ûеȵȥҹʱ򣬺ĺ˪͹ˡ
֪ĸԼһ˾ģҺϼŵܲԼΪϼְܲλûбƸá
ȥӦƸ븮ƵְλҲ븮Ƶ꣡
ţ¼Ϳʼɢˣ
֪Լ븮Ƶ그µĴ󣬿֪Լڴ븮Ƶˡ
ϾܲˣĵϢӦûǱȽϵͨģ
壬Ƕʶ೤ʱˣοǼҺڿϼܲģϢǿסģ
˪ľҲ¶һ˿Цݣ
ľɫ쳣ѿҪ֪ܹϼĹ˾Ѿϻˣ
û뵽ԼŮȥһµʱͱˣ

ľܹܵģ˿̣ɫѿ˼㣡
ľһԼŮСڣ⡭ģ
ЩĬĬˣ
һԵĺ̾һڣôȹӵģ㲻֪ʲô𣿡
ҡҡ
Щƿԣ֪Ӧô˵飡
ʵϣȹӰԼĿ˵ȹӣԼֻǹ˶ѣ
˪ЦЦ˵˵ڣϼſɲôôİһȹӣҿı߾ͰɣԺϼǱȥˣ
ȹӣĸȹӰ
ľźģϴһ˿˿Ľ֮ɫ
ĳ壬ȹӿǼܲõĶӣԺϼſ϶ǻ첻ȥˡãڲһСආҪȹšĻƺ첻ȥˣ
˪Ҳ̵ǰҲǼҺ˵ˣȹƺǿɶһһǽҪȰȰţ
˵Ȱڣʵ˪ϸһֵЦݣ
֮ǰڽ븮Ƶʱ˪бжôĲþˣ
ڴ븮Ƶ걻ˣоо͸һ
ʵ˪һιΪ˿Цģ
ֻھӣ˪ͺĻŵ֡
ڿźĺ˪ҲǿЦһȰˣԭҵ̫ˡӴһˣǸ˷Ҫȹӵİᣬʧ꼰㣬ʲô취оǵȹӣ˵ôСôܵȹأ
˵ҲǣȹӸͲһİ
˪ҲΪͬĵͷܹＯܲõĶӣҲҪһЩʵģ
Ȼ˪ڻûе˼ȹӵʵ
ĿڵղҲһͬ´绰˵ģ֪Ҹʶġͷ˸ϢңҸ˪͹˿С˪˵ҲⰡʵҲûʲôǹȥġ
лл㣬ģ
źĵĻҲ΢ůһ£
һԵ˪ȻЩ̫ԼϹ˵˼һӣҲǱû֨
ĶһԵľ壬ʵ뿪븮ƵҲδؾǻ¡Ҳ̫ģʱȥҸ˿ܲлأ
ˣ΢΢ҡͷҴȥҸ
ģ㻹Ҫȥ˿ǵȹӵĴ£ֳֺõˣ
˪һľȻҪ˵飬Ҳû˵
һԵľ̾һ֮ͷһһǼСڿϼŻûʲôԵ֡СˣСڵ˴쵼ͲҪԼȥˡ
˪ڵӣҲƵ˵ڣҸ㾺ô꣬ʵҲ֪Ǽʲôӣɣ̳Ǳպ̨ԱȻһֻǧ࡭
˪лл㣡
ۿһ죬û뵽ؼʱ˪Ȼ˵Ļ
һʲô˪׼׳־˵һֻʱһε
ˣ




2501²ŵ
 

ˣ
һ󲻼ԭͱȽϵ⣡
˪ͺĹҲԼÿڵ˵˳
Ȼ֪˪һʼʲô⣬˪ȴԼ˹˵˪ĸĹҲһЩ仯ˣ
ʵóԼĸ鲢رĺãϾһݸнĹôûˣ
ǱȽϼģҪ֪ƺеˮƽȫҲһģ
һ˹׬Ǯ滹һܵϸ
ԺϴѧһʲƵķã
ټľŵ嶼رĺãΪ׵ľҲǲ̫ã
ľԭԼҲȥ򹤣ܹŮһ˵ۺˣ
ֻ뷨û˵һε
ĿڵӣҲЦŵȥŰɡ
ܿ죬ľͳſڵķ˹ȥ
֨
Ŵ򿪵һ˲䣬ɫѾǱֱ䣡
졢ҿ
λŵ쵼ȻͬʱڵļУúһЩȦĸо
ŵ۾Ȼ˵ܡܡܣ
Ϊ²ĸˣڼҲһЩ˽ģ
ϸĻһµС
ܣû뵽ǵң̫лˣ
һӸоĻŭţǿϼŵ֮һ
оԼһܵķۣԺ쵼۾˰
²ǿŽȨ
⼸λǡ
ľŴļˣڿĵ̬ȣҲЩ֪룡
̵壬⼸λǼŵ쵼
쵼㿴ǼҵģҵطС
ľЩ˼ĿȼˣЩ˵
˿̣
һĿˣΪǵм仹׵Ĵڣ
ǸϼžƵˣȻҲԼļУ
ȻףǱϾҲΪԼĹ˵ģ
ڿôĴ쵼֣ҲûĽһ£
Цŵ̫ˣǳԷ𣿡
ԹˣԹˣľ̵
׿ЦŵСӦûûгԹɣҿǴӦСҪԷģû뵽Ȼǰˣ
˲ˡ
ڸϽڰ֣ôҲû뵽˼ҾȻ׷Լļ棬һżλ쵼ˣ
ڴ˿Щ֣˵˭
ôа˵һ㶼ģȻӦԷôܹʳأοһҪҪأЦŵ
Ҫ񣿡
ЩԥĿףڶ뿪ϼˣʲôҪ񰡣
СѾΪ븮ƵĸֹܾºԺҪΪԼĹװ
￴ڣЩĳ˵
֪ϢҲһȦɣ
Ȼ
Ļ֮׻һ㣡
븮ƵĸܾȻ㲻ϼŵĸ߹ܣ븮Ƶ꣬Ǿǲ۲۵ĸ߹ܰ
ֻϵһڱôֱҵԼأ
ЩŵĿܣҪҿЦˣҡ
ܰɲǸ㿪ЦҲһЦŵ
ЦŵСǼŵֻӦÿԵ½OAϵͳɣֱϹ˾İ칫ϵͳһ¾֪ˣ
Ĵ˿һĴͣ
븮ƵĸܾǾһĲ°
Ҳ˵ģ븮ƵǴ׻ƵһǼƵ갡һܵĴ˵࣬нӦܲ˵ģ
οǿϼĲҵֻҪʱԺȥﻹܲ
ķɿĴֻ½Լ˺ţ
ϵһϢȻϼµ棡
֮󣬺ļĿڵڣ㡭ĵܾ˰
ҿ
ڸţô쵼˵ˣȻҲЩˣ
Ȼǲܵ飡
һеĲƺˣ
ڿźĵֻѾ΢΢
ģһģ
׿ЦŵܰԺ븮ƵɾҪ˰㻹ᣬøЩǶѧϰ
ллλܣллλܵĺ񰮣
ڴ˿Щĸо·һлһ㣡
лǾͲˣҪǸл͸лֶɡЦŵ
ֶĸֶЩƵʵ
֪λϼŵĴʼֶ³ȻĿڣΪڶ֪һЩأ




2502»˼ĵ绰
 


˿̵ڣ׻һĶǱߣ
֮жһ˿Ŀնղݵһ˲䣬һѵĸо
ԭһ̵ֱˣȻϼŵĶ³
ֲãǹֲ˰
֪Ϊʲô˵ţˣϼŶ˼ҵģ
ȹӻΪԼʲôأڿ˼ֶôܹأ
һԵĺĺ˪ҲȻĿףôҲû뵽ǰȥļһȻϼŵĶ³
ֲܹ븮Ƶĸܣ⻹˼ֶһ仰
ֶϼžҲ֪ģ
ǾȥҲ˼ĲҵΪʼˣ˼Ҫһ˻Сһ
ڹȻ˰
ֶ֡ûû뵽Ȼˣҡ֮ǰ֪ݡЩĿ׵
װڰֵǺǣ֪߲˵ˣҲϼˣԺϼŻÿȥ֧Ű
ֶҡҸոմѧҵûʲô飬ͻȻһصҵ𣡡
ڿȥҲǸʵˣʵְλȻܸߣ
Ƕ˵ԼĴƵ꣡
Цŵ˭ǴӲᵽģֻҪѧϰĻŹ˼£ӦþͿʤˡ˵ˣڻǸܣ븮Ҵ㽻Ȱһ£ˣʱˮˣ
һ㶵ֶҰ
ô߶˵ˣ治ǻжŵŶݸһЦ
ðɡ
ҲһεĿףʵҲԼĿǣ
ڵĻʽҲܹ˿ϣ
ȻˣһĻԺҲû˭ٸ˵Űˣ
Ҳɽ𻢵ֶ֮һҲΪʲôҪڵҪԭ
ڻ׬ˣںʵʱ˺ʵĵص㣡
״һ˳˹ȥҲûʲôƵֻ꣬·̯һտѣ
ָоѾܾûˣڳоǷǳĲģ
Է;У
׵ֻֻϵʾҲЦ
˼һϢǱȽϵͨģ
Լϼų֮һȻ绰˹
ָ磬զһأ
׳˹ȥ绰ʱͷѾ˻˼Ϥ
ó˼Ƿǳ˷ܵģ
Цŵһø㱨Сذ
ָ磬Ҵ绰أղ˵ˣ͸ϵϼţû뵽ˣ
˼֮дһ˿źƺûиǳĲģ
ЦŵҪСأϼŵǸĶӣ˵ķ裬СҲܹܣ
ҵָ簡ģҲûа취˼ε˵
׺һϼŵĵڶɶҲؼŵĹƶȰɣοϼһִĽɽҲֲΪ
˼ͷǰָ磬Ҳôģһ׶ʱǱȽϵæǸЩĹ˾̸оƬ۹Ǻ
оƬ̸ʲôоƬüʵ
ָ磬Ұףô㶼֪𣿡˼һ㵵ʵ
֪һ㣬ˣǼ̸ɣ׶Ż˼
ָ磬ʲôطҪһҪǰҪ̸ĻҶ׼ȥˣ
˼Ƶ˵һƺ̸ģ
ֻһû׵ϢͻȻ׻ˣ˼Ҳ쳣ļ
ôˣСӻ̸أЦʵ
ûа취Ͻ˵ô죿˼Ƶʵ
ɣһȥ㣬ʲôطأʵ
ָ磬ң̫ˣ˼һЦȻɽʶİɣҾɽĶߣһׯ԰ʹȣ
ǣʹȣðɣ֪ˣҵǱ߸绰ɣ׳Ż˼
˼ԵЩ˷ܣ绰֮Լȭͷ!
ûף˼ʲôûĹһ㣡
׵оԼ鶼Ķˣ
Ͼûʲôܹѵһ㣡
ȻҲ֪һεǳļ֣оǳһ㣡
׸ǳ극֮Ҳ뿪ڵļУɽĶ߼۶ȥ
ʵϣ˼СҲкܳһʱûмˣͦСӵģ




2503ŮС
 

ʹȣ
ط׻ǵһ
ֽһͲǹڵģﾹȻһ˽˻
˿Ÿоһصĸоûнʹȣ
治ס˸оһ˷ܺѪ
Ǯ˵磬Զ󲻳ǵڸЩʲô
ҵ˻˼ļǾǿŷɻȥץпܵġ
ԲʾĻԱ֤óлԱ֤Ĺ룡
ſڣһ׻ƵŮΪף
˼ɣ׿ǸŮЦŵ
ٶȷ棬ҪȻٶ绰Ҳȷһ£
ǸŮ˵ϸ˼Ϊ
ðɡ
׵ͷͳ˵绰˼˹ȥ
ǸŮһĬĬĵȴţ˼ֱǸŮ˵绰
ǸŮŵ绰ͷסĵͷܿ˫ŵ绰ݸȻҾŮ飬ɣ
Ů飿
ЩĿǸŮû뵽ȻΪṩŮ飿
ǵĹʹȽȥˣûŮĻǿṩһġǸŮЦŵ
Ǻǣһǵһ˵ģʲôְ
׿ǸŮЦʵûŮ˵ʵҲν飡
ԳƺΪСߣС߶׵
ǣŮ鶼ṩʲô񰡣ЩЦĿСʵ
С߿Դǵ˵һķǿԵģǲṩģĳ
Ǻǣ˵ַ񰡣ˣЦˣշôշѵİ׿СЩʵ
շѣٶ˵ϡС߿׵
ʵϣСҲǸã˼ĴȻ˵ġ
ֻǰˣó˼ٶȽϵأʶˣ
СʹҲµʱ䣬֮ٿٶʮϣ
ֵˣӦǵһιģ
ǣϣСǸҲνģЦŵ
СҲЦŵͷǰӦǵһεɣ
ţһΣ׵ͷ
Сһ֪ĹҲ飬ʵʹȵĹԱûйʵģ
ûйʣǣ⵹˰ûйǳʲô
׿СߣŮΪĲӦòװɣ
СЦһҪԴǵ˵Ů飬Ȼ׬ȡһЩСѡ
ˣһСӦò͵İɣЦʵ
˳ǰ滺ţƺҲǷǳż
Сһһߵţһ˵ǿԵģҲһЩ˲Сѵģֻ˵ɣ
вСѵģȻЩ˼顣
ܹˣӦǷǸ֣᲻øСѵģ
ǵȻˣЩ˺ȶˣЩʱͲǵˡһЩһЩǷֵҪԸĻȻǵõܶࡣŮҪǲӦĻǿһûˣ
СĵĽ͵ˣ
Ǳ˲СѣЩ˺ȶˣֻһЩа˼
ϾܹŮŮһ㶼ǷǳƯģ
ôᵽطģ
һţһ߸С죬Ҳģ
СЩεһЦʵ˵ܼ򵥣ǾȱǮ£ҵĹ£˵˿˷Ҳţ˵벻˵ʵһģ
ǺǣȻ㲻˵ĻǾͲ˵¡ˣʹȵϰ˭Ӧ֪ɣ
ת˻ʵȻʹȻǱȽϵĸȤģ
Сߵͷ֪һЩĸҾͲ֪ˡҾ֪ϰһˣҷǳǳǮ֣
ǮȻǿ϶ˣܹڴĻƺŪôһׯ԰ôܻûǮأЦŵ
СһһߣһЩһһ£Ϳˣ
ŶǺǣ˵׵ͷ
Сߵ֪ӦҲǮˣǮʵ̫ˣԵĻһЩˣʱ򻹵סһЩ
ǣģҸֲʶҽһ˼һģûµģ
ν˵Ѳɻ±˵
ڲȥ۸ˣ˾Ӧոˣ
ǣһδһ⻹ǵ𣿡
С߸;УҪִʹȵĻʱ򣬴ǵһֵ




2504е㻵
 

ʹȵĻſڣ
СһܵŵĶһ£
һԵҲüһʮС꣬һΪɧŮ˹
ӴԼֱ֮ܳӳСߵķ˹ȥ
СɫЩҰףȻû뵽ӣ
ǴùͷһĳǣһҪΪ飬ҿ϶Ūǣ
˻ܴ󣬿óǳ
׿һСߣ֪طԭӵĵطȻСԼŮ飬ȻҲῴԼĸǰ۸ɣ
ʵϣ֮ǰСߵ죬پŮԺãһĹ
ΪʲôʹĹҲȥʣ
֮ദֻҪƢУ
Сߣ߰ɣ
ֱСߵֳŻķ˹ȥ
˿Сӣɣ
ҴƺûκεĹϵɣҵŮ飬Ǿҵˣ׿һҲǵ˵
ǣװβǰɣʶҲ
⡭λVVƼ³޶Ĺޱ磡
С߿ףϽ׽͵
ȻСߵԸǻҪ˵˵Լ
ʲôˣȻ֪Сֱ˵˵ݵĿģ
ޱһЦСߣӲҪһѣһӦܹ׬˰ɣû뵽ǾȻҴӡˣǾ͸˵ɡ
޹ӣǡȶֵģҡֻ֮һ¡кαôͱأ
СȻЩ£׿ԴСߵ֮пĲ
ǣô˵һøǸˣҸ㣬ʹôŮˣĸûû뵽㻹ǿѿеĹͷԽԽϲٸһλᡭ
ޱ翴СߣǷһ˿Ц
ʲôᡭ
СʶѿڶЩˣ
һ֪Ӧòô׽ġ
ҪôһҪôһҽҩѣ
ޱ翴Сߣ֮дһ˿ģ
ޱԱߵŮƺЩƣǿóѹҲ˵ʲô
ޱ統˵ҪСһŮƺҲ֨
޹ӣ㡭̫˰ɣС߼ᶼˡ
֪ޱ϶ǿЦˣ֮ǰǼƽϢΪޱ緢ͻ֮һΪֱˣ
ʵСߵһֱһӰ
ϾܹߵˣǷǸ֣һҲܹ
طС˵ҲǷǳҪΪֻطܹڶʱڴһǮ
ԣС֪ޱпܻˣΪ᲻Ӳͦţ
ֻϣޱܹ飬ܹ֮ǰĲ죡
ޱĴôԼƽأ
û뵽˷ǵǼƽˣһЩĸо
ôޱֵһһƾһ򣡲Ӹղ˵ˣֻҪͷҲлһΣ
ޱЦƺûн׵λ
ᰡûиױʲôݣȻ㣬ʵҪԴ
˺ʤĿˣʵ飡
ֻܶһ㶼ǼУֱӳֵ˿²࣡
һһ򣿡׿ޱüʵȷ
ǣҵȻȷˣôŰҪӢ۾ޱ翴Цһ
۸ͦ˵ģҰһ
ӴǣԩͷǣˣޱĿף
û뵽·ɱҧȻ˰˸Ǯ
ޱҲǸүǣһĭһڶ֪ģ
ϾʹȲĵ̣˵ˣҲҪ̸ģ
С߿׼æҵ飬Լˣ
׿һСߵʲôʱ˵ҪǮˣ
Сһ㶣漴ɫǺ޲Ҹطȥֻ֮дһ˿ŭݣ
ԭҲǸһëεװʲôޱһ׵ĻҲǿЦ
žž
ӺϵԭСߺޱԱߵǸŮһסˣ
ޱ׵ĸͷһС߾ֵĿףе㻵
׵ЦŵС߹ҿû˵ҪǮֻҾһһͦ˵ģġҪҪоܲ




2505ķĦ
 

ޱɵˣ
û뵽ǰһﾹȻôţ
ʹĻȻ˸ҶִԼ
˵֮ǰСߣΪԼ˼˼бһµĻ
ôǰһĶˣ
һС߲һС߲һԱѣޱҲԸĶݸԱһʶ
ȻС߳ΪޱĶôҲһεĲǣ
׾ͲһˣǻĿˣ
ޱԼͣŭһСӣҵš
˵꣬ޱֱӳ˹ȥΪС忴ȥĲ׵Ķ֣
С߾ֵĿޱȥҲǵǵĿ׵´˰ǸϽȥһٶɡ
ǣ㲻һЩɫΪ綼أ
Ҳν˵˵ѵһ֪ߵغĸҲν飡
Сߵ֪ޱۣҪ֪˿¾Ͳô˵ˣ
ˣʲôۣȻѾˣҲûа취𣿡ЦŵȽȥɡ
СΪΣʹȻȻķͻ
ͻ֮˵ķҲǼʶġ
֮ǰΪһŮڻ֣֮вһ
С붼Щֲɿ׸νӣҲһΣ
˼ҸٶĹϵ˼Ҹ°ɣ
ϾٶȦĵλҲܹĲ
׸С߳Ż˹ȥֻǵǸոߵõʱ򣬾ͿޱڸǱ˵ʲô
׽֮ޱ˵ķң
ķĦ
ʹȵĻϰ֮һҲĦŵһλ
ʹȿɲĳһ˵ĲҵȻȥǷǳĴ
ʹȴź̸ܶ⣡
Һܶⶼǿ⣬طȻΪ˺ܶĿеʥأ
ʹйصģ㲻֣ܶһǱǻ˹أ
ޱΪʲôղֱܵ˻棬СӲˣֱҪΪ򵥵ķ£
ʵϣҲʹȶµĹأ
飬ȻҪģϾط
˴ֵĻûϰ岻
ȻˣǰҲǻĺ̨Ϊǿǿ˺ܶ˸Ҷ
ǵһ֪治ܶ֡
ղޱʵЩ̫ˣ׸оΪĲˬԲŶ֣
֪ΣҪ֣Ѳɻܹס
Ϊ׽ĻֱĨɱޱ綼пܣ
ķĦбۿһףһԵС߿ķĦʱҲһǡǵϰ֮һķޱķˣɵСһ㣡
Снп಻ɴܣС꣡
Ѳ˼ĻΪԼһԱһ
ʱҸ˳ƽһ£ʧû϶ǽԼˣ
ҲΪʲôСߵǵԭΪôùĿ¶Լ
Цŵİɣûµģ
ϣ˰ɣСߵ֮лǵ˵û¾ûǵˣ
ֻϧʹȣһƵĵط
ܹߵˣĸûһЩʵأ
λķȥһ£׵ĸǰһ׹
Ȼ̬ȼΪĿȴƫƫ˵ӣ˿Զޱ˵Լ
˵ʲôȻһ㶣û뵽ʹȾȻ˸Ҳӣ
Ȼķֻʹȼϰ֮
ɼĵλҲ˲ˣ
˵Լ׿һ۷
ҡȥ㱨
˿̣Ҳֻ˵Ҳǿˣﲻ
ȻˣҲ׸ϰ֮飬ֻһ˶ѣ
ܿ죬Ƿ㽫ˣλķ˷Ļ㱨֮ɫҲ
СӣʲôˣȻʹ˵ţ
ķߵ׵ĸǰóߣ
һԵޱ̵ķСӸûнУʵ̫ţȻΥƶĹ򣡡
ֻǴһѣҲֵ˵ĴС֣׿˿ķҲǵ˵
㡭˵ޱָѾˣ
žž
һ̱סˣ˽û뵽׾Ȼᵱķ涯֣




2506ķѡ
 

Ŀɿڴ
ޱΪ׸ᶯֵʱȴû뵽һεĶޱƣ
Ʋǽ˸סˣ
һ˲䣡
ķɫѾѿ˼㣬ҪģûмôҪģ
֮ǰޱ磬ķпСӵһι֪ʹȵĹء
ھСĲ֪أǽҲС֪֪ЩطҪҰܹҰĵط
໣
ޱѾɢڻĴ֮УʹԼͣ
ڵޱ绹벻ͨΪʲôһ˵ţ
ķĵǵûסСӣСӸӵſˣ
ȫޱ£ڵЩԼˡ
α˴򣬶Ǳͬһ˴
ޱоԼѪˣΨһֵҵǣһȻҵ涯֣ڴķ
ӣޱҲҲ廰ˣ֪ķһΪͷģ
Сӣ֪ڸʲôأ
ķ֪׵ȻҲԶֵģ
Ȧһ飬ëԼѹƱˣ
֣ǵиоǱȽLOW֣
Щʱֵȷǽõİ취ֻķƺôɣ
Ҹ֮飬ƺûʲôϵɣ
һԵСȻףȴԼŬͽͶѣ
˼Ҹ飬Ҷֵٶȼֱ
úúãõúܣǸ˭һģķɫѿʵ
˼
׵˵ֻ֣ȴķһ㶣
ٶֲ˵ţǻ˼վߣΣ
ķ˼ֵʱҲ㶣Ȼû뵽˸˼йϵ
Ҫ֪˼ڵĵλҲǼߵģﱾ׻ƣ
˼Ϊ׻һҵȷкܴӣ
ʹ棬˼ȻӼ󣬿Ҳûе޷ĵزɣ
οķĦŵˣһݱֵ԰ˣ
ʲôֱ˵ɣҿûʱ׿ķ
СӣŴ˵طʹȴˣֻ·ߣҪôǸҪôѡһ̼Ϸٺ٣
ķϳֳһĨ֮ɫ
Ŷô˵
׿ķһƵ˵
ķԱߣһ˵Ǹܼ򵥣ǾǴ߱Ǹܹͽ⣬ʹȻʣ
ôǸ׵ʵ
СӸղŻôţڿķˣˣ
ǰΪǸʲôɫԭǸ
ʹôŵˣһǵһμȻķ涯֣
Ƕ׻Ƶ˰Ǹʵ̫ˣ
һѡʹеĴ̼淨أڴ
ԭֻΪ˵ϷһķѣʵޱǸ
ŶûУ
ʻȴһΧ۵˸оһĿ
ղŻôţת֮ȻģʵŻĸо
һָָ㣬ܶ˶ֻӲ
Ҫ֪ʹȣ׻ƺ͹֮ԭ֮ĵڸޱǸĻǾǶ˵ģ
ΪʹȵĵǸһĵǸɲ̫һ
οСӵķǸ¾͸ӵĲĿˣ
Ȼ
ķ׺ٺЦ㻹ͦʶʱİǸͺܼˣֻҪ¸޹˵ԲҴˣȻøʮΪ⳥ͺˣ
ķҵѣ
˼˿̴Ⱥ֮˳ķĦȻ˵һҲˣ
Ȼ˸Ҹô˵ķЩ
ֻڲϼŵĶ³ˣһ˼ĲҲðҲᵱڽ׵ݵģ
˼֪׹ȥˣûмܹռ˵أ
Ȼ˼ڻ֪浽׷ʲô飡
ٶãѷʹȵĹأǿɾ͹ֲķˣķŻ˼˵
һʼĻķĻ˼һӣ
һԼӶôܻ˼ӣԼ޴ǳأ
˼鲻ܣԼˣķǰɣνĴ̼Ϸʲô׿ķʵ
ָ磬ŪûҪģ˼һ̼ϷҲһ
ķ̼Ϸٺ٣ǹת˵ɣӦû




2507´
 

ṇ̀
ʵһȽϴ̼ϷȻˣҪľǵ
һ㲻ǵʱ̣û˸
οܹʹȵ˶ǷǸ֣
˭ȥѡ淨أ
һŪпܶˣ˭Ҳȥֲڰɣ
ķô˵ʵϲΪ֪ѶˣȻ˶εѡǸ
Ϊһ˵淨ʱǻ϶ûѡ
ķķνԲˬ
ṇ̀
׵Ŀķóһĵ⣡
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˼һιķô᲻̸֪һЩʲôأ
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ķ֪غԼ⣬Ҫѹסˣ
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ӶǿԼģǱ˸ģ
ⲻܣķ㲻ҪԼţţ˶ǣҪǵָ硭
˼û뵽ķȻ˵Ĳ׵ӣС֪׵ݾͲô˰ɣ
װڰֹ֣˻˼ķ˵ô棿
ţʲôô棿
ķͻʻŪסˣЩɻĿʵ
ղ㲻˵Ҫǹת̵棿׵ʵ
ָ磬Ҫ̫Σˡ˼Ще˵
ĳʲôĻºϵһҪԼˣ
ķҲɫһû뵽СӾȻѡ˲
˵ʵķĲ
˭֪ԼСֵǮİƺЩﻢ£
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ķһŭ֮µһ㣿
һʱ䣬ʹȵĿƺҪˣһԵҲǱס˺
һҪˡ




2508ֿʼ
 


ķĦû뵽һﾹȻҪԼǹת̵Ϸ
Ҫ֪ɲʲô˶ģķʵҲû
ʲôݣķĦŵĵ˳λļ̳ˣ
ôõӲѲҪԼȥɣ
ǸղţѾǴȥˣЩﻢˣ
ټ׵Ĵ̼ķƷǳ
ķҲһϲˣ鼱֮±ôһ̼ĸ׸ˣ
׵¶һ˿ζЦݣһҪԼͷԼﻢ£ҲЩоЦ
ķԱߣޱĬϣû˿Թע
鵽һѾǳ׵ıˣԭΪֻһСආ
˼ҸһҪʵΪµǰˣ
ԼķĦԼϷĻ»ŵӰɣ
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˼û뵽׵һμ棬Ȼ˵ľմ̼
ǣɲҪģǲԸ»СС»ˣ׵˵
˼ķķҿҪȻô˰ɣҶǵһʶˣֺαظܾأ
ķ˵ķһëͷСӣ㻪˼Ҳ㲻ʲôһҪü
ķڽìͷһεָ˻˼
˼ɫҲǽҪ˵ͱ׸סˣ
׿ķȻ˵ĻǾͲҪôķϻˡ׻ƵأֲЩƤ۾ڵĵҰ
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ķɫһ䣬ʵϣܹˣ
Ȼķװĺ񣬿֪һֻԼӲţ
״Ӧһ˵Ļô϶Լıϣ
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ҡһ㣿ķŭһֱȥеǹԼԴ
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һӣӡ
ķԥһԵһıӣһղŻĵģڸ˰һ
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Ӳ
ҪݽɫҲô£
ٺ٣ķòֵĻһԻ淨׺ٺһЦ
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ڶǹķԸ⿪ʮڣһǹԷſա׵˵
ķһ׵Ļ̵ҡҳʮڣ
ǮȣķǾȽϵҪ
ǲ
ķеǹֱӿһ£һεķ




2509ǿ
 

ʮֵأ
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֪׵ּΪ˵ãһޱȣ
϶ʲôèģҪȻҲܰԼΣ֮ذɣ
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ķʿˮǹ͵ǹĻҿԸʮڣ
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һǻ˼ѣ֪ܵģ
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Сߵɴ۾ףû뵽ǰ˾Ȼ˵ĺ
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ѾķоһΣУ
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ЦֻЦķЩëȻĸо
ʲô˼ķһӶû׵Ĺ




2510¿ֲļӼ۷ʽ
 

ֵļһﻹǹְȻǹ
׻Ƶˣʲôʱ˹ҵԽԽС˰
ǰȻûʲôǸҴƴҲǸﰡ
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ҪΪл˼ڱţˣҸ㣬һ˼һûзУǱǮࣿʵ𣿡
ķҧгݵĿף׾ϵ⣬Ըô׸ô׸
˼ЦһķȻĻֵ¼ºˣһڣ
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ΣΪҲ֪Щʲô
˼֪ѹͲĺģֻûа취ѣ
а취ĻԲһģ
ˣ˼öںҲһˣ
ҶǸǲʹһˣ
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˼ԼԼͺˣ
׿Ż˼˵Ҫ֪ϻмǧ֣˲ɣ
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ڣ
׵Ŀķһڣֱסˣ
һԵķҲ㶵ĿһôǼ۵
ѲСǳ׼ԼһҪӮɣ
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ķһ˵ҲŭĿԲǾһϷˣǣ
ಣ
һ̽ɫпѾǳ׵У˵ȥһ顭




2511½׵ķ
 

һǧڣ
κһ˵Ǿĵˣ
ĦŵȷǷǳǮǮҲŵģټϻкܶĹɷʲôģ
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ѲΪʲôϷ˵һǧھһǧڣ
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һﵽ˭ǿһǧڰһﾹȻѿڶ
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û㹻ţ˼ҲóпŰɣ
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Ǿͼˣ׿ķ˵һǧڶò

Եĳ
ķһֱһȽϳ嶯ˣ
һεıôһ̼ʹȣԼĵϣ
ķܹΪ
һɷ֮ɫķϣ¶һ˿Цݵһǧһڣ
һڣƺѾķļˣ
ķǰḻǣ˿Ҳɫأ
ΪǸȷǮͶʳȥ֮󵽵׻ûеĻͷ
ǮûеĻͷĻôǵͶʲô
ȻǰķǾðҲеߵģ
ķȻǹ˴Ĵָ
һԵĻ˼˵ָ磬ôһǮֱˣ
һǮ
˼ⷬúܶڳ˸оɫߺ죡
ʲôĸǾ˼ҵУ̶֣
ȻҲϣǲòϣܹ˵ⷬ˾Ǯˣ
һǧҲǲˣðɣȻĻҾͲӼˡһǧڣҲֵҿһǹˣ
׵˵ֻ⻰һ˳׵±ˣ
ķףҲЩãȻˣ
ǺǣķҵĻһǹֵһǧڣֶΪأ
׵ӣķһֱӵĸоָоԽԽǿң




2512һǧڵ
 

ҪǮҪ
˿ǰһҪǮҪ
һǧڣֲûǮɾȻΪһǧԼȥ
ǱǮģǱûǮģûܹΪ
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ķһ˼Ļ̵˼Ҹ֮Ķľ֣οѾ˵ˣһǹѲ׻˾ô˵㻰𣿡
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ǡ
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˵˭أķŭĿ׵
׹һЦķαôأҿû˵Ŷ
㡭쵰ķƺЩҪǰ׵˼Ҳһʽѣ

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СһԿǰľҲס˺֪Ϊʲô׻ôǮ
Ӳ֪ȻôǮȴѡôķʽ
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ķûһܹ˵ĵݣżţ
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ڴ˿̣
˼ֻȴˣ˵ĵ绰Ҳǵͷ׵ķ˹ȥ




2513ºϵ绰
 

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Ǹղŵһǹ죬ķþûлع
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Ŀǰ˲ߣߣ飡
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ٷ֮ʮǸͰٷ֮ʮʲôأ˾ǿ׻𣬹ڸϰ
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ʵҲˣΪƺʱ򣬾⣡
ԼֵܲΪչװ뵼幫˾
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С֣Ҳ֪飿ϳȷоƬǹһЩһֱǿ׷ŹĿƼǱϾʱ̫̣滹кܶûйˣڵоƬڣ
ΪʲôҪͳ׳ʵ
Ϊ׻ٶʵ̫ˣвһЩҵϣֶͨǹҵĿƼչԽԽʶԣ
Щŭɶ˵ȻҲ֪˵Ҳû̫ã
Ͼⲻĳ˾ܹ⣡
оƬƺѾΪ˴һ㣬úһںĸо
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2514ż
 

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⼸˿ȥ֮ŷٻٻҪһЩȴҲ˶٣
Ϊ׵ǸһƣȥҲһҾõ
׺ͻ˼ֻǶһ￴һۣͿһŷٻٻһְĽ֮飡
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ŷٻٻϵӣҲЦ
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ӽϣŷٻٻͬһλһǼҲǳȥˣ
׷ŷٻٻŷٻٻƺҲôų⣡
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ҿݶɷˣҪȻԼȥɣе飡Цŵ
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2515Ǯѹ
 

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һԵŷٻٻҲŭɶ׼ǰȥСѾͷƢҲһĻ𱬣
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ǣĬ߰ɣ˿ûĺɣ͸ʲôˣֻΪͬѧоϧڴѧʱһأû뵽ôҰ
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һԵ΢΢ҡͷŻ˼Сӵˣ
˼һ㶣漴˹ȥǸĬļһƳҲӸǰˣ磿Ͻȥ




2516»ٶ
 

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Ĭ˲ͷʱһ쳹




2517¿ҪĬ
 

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2518¾Ȼǻٶ
 

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ǻ˼ңȻ˵˼ԼһųĻ
¿׻ƽһЦ˰ɣ
˿̣
ɫҰףվûˣ
һˣǻܹжٵĻ·أ
ɻ
仰˵ںʲˣ
ѡԱߵĵȥһҲᷢˣ
첻ΪŷٻٻĻҲ
Ĳǻ˼ĻӦҲˣ
һû
кҩĻ˶Ը⻨Ǯҩģ
ûĶЩ鷢ҲǷˣ
׷ĪֻǶʧߵһֳͷ
ǻ˼ٶɣ
ŷٻٻһ˷ܵĿףôҲû뵽׵߾Ȼôһ
֮ǰǾ֪˼ݵĻҲôĻˣ
֮ǰǸ֪˼ݣǾһеķתƺЩ˼飡
ûû뵽⾹Ȼǻٶۡǽײ˰
ҲǼ˵ղһΪԼҪܵˣ
ڿǵûܵ裬һоԼӰ
׿ŷٻٻЦŵһﲻҲһһʲôر𣿡
ִ磬⡭ǻ˼Ϲ㡭㾹Ȼ޶ԣҲˣʶȻûĸоˣ
ŷٻٻЩĽʺ޵Ŀף˼˼ͼԸˣ
ǰٻٻ˵ĶԣڻٶǺءͿԼôĻҵԼĸףǿǵż񰡣
ҲǼ˵ܹʶˣҲԼйⰡ
ε˵ðɣȻĻǵȻǳԷˣ
桭ĿҪǻٶܹһӰͺˣʱҲóȥҵĽ԰԰ڡ
ŷٻٻףȥһʲô֮һ
ΪЩȷ˼׵ʲôϵ
ڵŷٻٻҲЩҪ֪ôܹ˼һأ
˼īƺĬ˷УֻĬ֪֮Լǿ¶첻ȥˣ
˻ٶٶĴǱҪǣ¶û˸ðôķȥͷˣ
ҲΪˣĬ˿̲Ϻһ̱˵ϣ
ҪһԵĺŷٻٻ飬ܲܿڶͬѧϷһ
ֻҲ룬ղôԴ˵أ
һһǲֻʱδ
ʱˣ˻
ںޡգ
Ĭ˿ѾǽԼ˫ĲԼͷ֮Уȥ쳣ʹ࣡
ī˿ҲǸŻ˼׵ķ˹ȥ
磬⼸λѣ
īŷٻٻ׵ˣҲòԵʵ
϶ǻ˼Ϊ׵ģ˻пͬ£Ҳпѣ
Ҫ֪˼һﶼݵģһ·̯ԣʲô
˵ĳ·̯ûκεԵֵģ
һƫƫһϲƵ
īҲ㲻⻪˼ߵ׶һЩʲôˣ
ǲô˵Щ˵ݿ϶ǲ˼ģ
Ǹղīŷٻٻ־ӣƺ֪˼ݣ
Ѳǻٶ飬΢˽ˣ
īֻԼһЩҲ²⣬ҲǿŻ˼ѯʵ
ȻˣҪܵ۸ˣΪҺ㰡˼û˵
ǣԺīѣλԺ˾ǵĻֻҪ֨ұ֤һ񵽵װ
ī׵ˣ̬һֱһһ㣡
ЩԹɫı˿ѷɫЩٳ֮еˣ
һֱһ֮УֻһЩĿƫ˶ѣ
⻹࣬СֿҾƵǰɣ˼ٺһЦ
ī̵һ仰飡
ˣԼŰ죬㲻һֱҽָʶָˣѾ㣿Щɶָѣ
˼һϯֱīЩľһоǸɵһ㣡




2519ָ磬ż
 

ָ磡
νָ磬˻֪īһ
껪˼ϼţīҲǸŻ˼ˣ
īõĸʡݵϻױƷۣ⻹㣡
ڵīŷܴһ׬貧ӯ
ҵļҲˣֵҲһ·
˵˼ָͷ϶©һЩҲ֣
ī֪ǻ˼ʵҲϼŵһСɶ
ϼŵĴɶףǲţ
Ȼϼھ˹ң׵ĴѾΪһ棡
ڲϼţ˼ҿǴʼ˰
˵һ仰ͬҲǿԾ֣
˵ģⶭ³׶ܹ˵ͻˣ֪ϼŵĵλǶôĳȻˣ
ϾŶ˼Ҿģ
īûмףվĸǰʶģ
˼һϯֱīһˤ
ָ֡磬ҡīԽСҵż񣡡
ī˵Щˣղžȫһһ㣡
һԵ˶һ±Ƶ״̬īԴ˼ɶû
ǰ˵˭Ϊʲôī˼Ҷôأ
СôôоذǺǣ׿īҲǹһֵ
С˵īܸܲԼһְСһŶ಻þ
˼һ֣ҲЦЩĸо
īҲͷָ˵ǣ˵ǣ
Сīһ仰ǸѣǰλָƺȻ绹Ҫ󰡣
硢磬λҲøǽܽܰɣ۲ʶ񣬲֪ǰλָ絽˭
ǰλǼʶʶѶ·
磬ˣǿûм
ָ磬ҵƬ
µһҲΧƺû˸̫׻߻˼
ȻһļУǻӦеأ
һζ갡˺ˣָҲʲôܡϼӦ˵ɣ
˼û˵׵ݻĲʲôܣ
˵ˣʵʶ׵Ҳ
˼ȻīѣӦҲһȦˣ
ָһӶˣھǽܸǣʵҲνˣ
磬ⲻǸǿЦϼǵȻ֪ˣǿ׻һ˾˰ǿ׻ƵĽ
īһЦŵ
˼û˵Ȼ֪ĻǰλϼŵĶ³ָҲûʱǣǸøȥ
˻
һӺ洫˹
Ĭͺ֮ǰ˼ݵʱ򣬼Ѿǿˣ
׵֮һѾǻ˹ȥ
ִ֡磬Ȼϼŵġ
ŷٻٻָЩ˵ˣ˸оһת
ʵ֮ǰ׶Կڿ͵ʱײһƽˣ
ŷٻٻ֪׵Ȼ׵һݣ˶쾪㵵°Ͷˣ
һԸŷٻٻļҲòȥϸоԼϢˣ
ǰⱲܹţ˶ˣ
ϼŵĶ³ôһڰ
˵˼Ǻܶ˵żĻ׾Ѿܹżˣ
棬Ψд֣ܹһλȴѾӵ۵Ĵˣ
һľɽХһ㣬ǳҲܹ֮Ტˣ
һΧ۵ˣ˻˼׵֮ҲǷ׷׵ͳֻ׼㣡
Ҫ֪һĵλ󿧣Ƿǳѵõģ
漸ʮܵͼƬĸ־ǲΪģ
ˣҸ˼ǻ飬лλԷ
״Ż˼ŷٻٻĸѾ˰µϽγ棡
ȻīҪ뿪˼ƺǻᣡ
ȻˣҪ֪˼ָʲôˣ
ĴҲǾĴڣ
طӵģҲΪָͻİȫǲ
һһεһһĳھǹʻĵ·Ϸɳţ
·ȴγһֵľ
ǰһµA4·ȻôĳܳȾ¼ȫҲδŵİɣ
˿̵׿ŷٻٻȻҲһ󵨵뷨
Ůȷһ֮ģȻǾ˵ԵֵĲ




2520
 

986о
׺ͻ˼986оʱѾǰˣ
ŷٻٻԼһȥ986оϵȥ
֪׺ͻ˼ݣǷһˣ
οڴˣҲûʲô̫ĻȨǣ
Ȼŷٻٻ֪ΪʲôԼǳ˺ģ
ִ֡磬ҵ986оﰡ
ŷٻٻվ986оſڣҲԼˮĴ۾ʵ
Цŵȵ֪˲ǣ
ðɣҵ986оһҵĹۣ
ŷٻٻƺ986оİſھվڣŷٻٻҲǳλվڵʿ΢΢һЦ
ž
λʿŷٻٻʱѾˣ
׳ã
λʿƺʶŷٻٻ⵹׺ͻ˼һľ棡
ԭܵλһ±Ǻ֪ģ
ŷٻٻҲǾԵط
Сأ𣿡
ŷٻٻǸСصʿҲǶ֮ȻЦʵ
УģСЩԥĿŷٻٻ
ʲô˵ʲôŷٻٻСҲ΢΢һЦ
ģŷУЩод쵼ڣԿУһܹ
СؿŷٻٻЩΪѵ˵
ʱһֱڣ986оƺҲǸ࣡
֮ǰŷٻٻʱÿεǼһ¾ͿԽȥˣǽ²ˡ
쵼ھ쵼ýȥµİɣ绰˵ˣ
ŷٻٻֵ˵ʵҲ֪ҪȥӦǺɵģ
Ͼ׸ǿʶģŷٻٻֻǲ鷳ϣ˭ȥǽȥأ
СΪѣΪŷٻٻǴ˵绰
ܿ죬Сرһ·Сܵĳŷٻٻ˹УϾ͵
ŷٻٻͷЦŵллСأ
С¶һ˿ЦݵӦõģ
ûӵʱ䣬986оܳһŷٻٻµŮ
ŮȥҲӢˬµһɫľװȥʣ
ٻٻô˰
ոߵſڣŷٻٻʱҲǼȥ
ӵȥЩǾñطһ㣡
ŷٻٻһᣬƺЩףȻһ׶ʱôûϢ
ˣҲǽͷöε˵һ쵼ߣѾӰһ˰
ţҲһЩأŷٻٻЩ۵˵
һԵ׺ͻ˼ǽһΰǹǰģɲǹҳģ
Ƴһ׺ͻ˼ȻһԵŷٻٻٺһЦĸͬ־ٺ٣
ϣûûҵѣŷٻٻ
ѣҿɴûмҰʵ⵽ô°
׺ͻ˼һЦ˵
Թȴǽȥɣŷٻٻ
ٻٻ˰ɣʲôط㲻֪ƽʱĻȥԣһʱɲУ
ŷٻٻڿʱڰ
ǺĿˣܿԽȥ˰ɣ׿
㡭˵ʲôһ漴ϻͣһѡĵطܣ
ŷٻٻ̵ء
ٻٻҲ㣬ҪǰǴȥĻҾǷˣ΢΢ҡͷ
⡭ͰæҲʡִǴ绰˲ǣ
ŷٻٻԭΪʡȥһЩ鷳飡
ڿż鼱֮Ҳ˵һЩƺЩΥԭĻ
ٻٻ߰ɣҷˣ˵ĻҲţʲôˣôܻǵ986оأǱܵλ
ţŷٻٻǱвֻǹˣ
ŷٻٻЩˣ
ɫһٻٻ֮Ľ֮Ľ飬ǹ棡
ŷУȻԸĻҲϸӵԼȥɡЦŵ
ߣң
һһСصҲʶľе
λŮ㵹Щ㲻ǽȥҲԼȥʲô˼ǿǺϵĿˣ˵Ҳʵ
ԭ׵˼ʵ׼ϴ绰ȥŸоҪӲһ㣡
Сأ˸ҿ˵Ҹ𡭡
ŮڵŶ¶һ˿Ц




2521ԵĻ˼
 

ڣ
Ŀһף986о֪ʲôأ
ĸɿ986о
Ȼˣǿĸ׽986о
ʵϵĸΪ˱ӣоȴƫƫ˽
󾭹ѡΣ986о
ĸԶԣοרҵ÷986˲ŵ
Ͳף
ǰİ飡
ֻĸ׽Ϊˣ
ķʶǺǿģϾıܵλԭϸĹܿأ
ŷٻٻԭҲڱܵλûнŷٻٻΪʲô
ŷٻٻǻˣ˲ǰɣ
οģôǺϵأ
ҺֻδԼҪһֱһԶ϶˿϶Ŀĵģ
ĸƤ
ͷøֹϵҪȡһܵʵ̫ˣҲò
ʲô
ŷٻٻһ㣬ҲоԼЩŪɳ׾ˣ
ٻٻ㲻Ҫɱ˫ۣ֪ʲô˰ô֪ǲǵɹļأ
ãǴΣ
һôţȻ˵Լڣ
ҲЩһᣬҲԼȫʶȽϵǿ
˼Ƶ˵˵ŮҲ̫˰ɣǺϽйģ
ģŻ˼ʵ
ȻģôܿЦأ˼û˵
ߣī֣ΪǴǰּ˵ˣһͲʲôö
Ż˼б޾ĻɵĿ⣡
ôˣ
˼ķζըˣĴôˣ
СأŸʲôץ˵һȻǡЦ
ŷٻٻҲЩŭ˵ô°ǲýҲòץ˰ɣ
ٻٻɶΪãı˻ȥĻǡǵʱùĿ㰡ڰ㣡
ŷٻٻҲЩĵ˵
϶ŷٻٻߵ˲ʲôˣ
ǺˣҲøһѵԺԼǰҪôŲźã
ִ֪ʲô𣿡ŷٻٻ
ôʲô˰ˣٻٻðʶϵһǵһμҾȥϣҵҪǵжӲ
ߺߵ뿪ߣŷٻٻҪק
Ͼ986оȥ׺ͻ˼СһԣŷٻٻҲǼˣ
ŷУҪҪȻڸУ绰ɣ
Сص˿ȥҲЩΪѣʵҲóӦòģ
ǼĻҲôɵðʶֱӳȥɣ
Ҫ֪ϿģʱϸǰͲ
ôɵĻľͲʺˣ
СأͻȵϢһᣬǺϵĿˣǧҪ˰
ŷٻٻСأҲǼæ
װڰֵˣŷԭҲǴϴ绰ģȥҲʡǸ鷳ˣ
һҵҪͻǲôӲˣ˼ҲЩŭˣ
ŷٻٻԲ𣬶ԲƽʱҲģɡΪԿ˵۹ⶼȱҪӵĶһЩɰɡ
ľͳΪУ˶ͦİЦŵǸʲôİ
䡭ʵͦģҸǴѧͬѧǶһȦѧϰǼ̣ѧϰͨẒ́оķоƬĿǰǹڵоƬʵЩ󷢴ңټһЩ飬Ӧ鲻̫ðɡ
ǹۣ
ŷٻٻĽʵϻΪѣ
ʵԭҲûдôΪҷ׵˲ţôȥΪ˼أ
ղô˵ֻǶŮû뵽ô
ţȷǸ߾˲ţ֪ܲڵĶЦŵ
ڵĶʲô˼ִ磬ҪڵϼŰɣҿȥģоƬһֽȵִţ
ŷٻٻһ׵ĻҲҡҡͷ
ɲһ
ݸһЦŷٻٻŵӣҲ΢΢ҡͷ
ȻִţЩţҲģ
ԶһȺ˳˹Ϊ׵ĺȻǺϡ




2522ʯ쾪һ仰
 

ȥ˺ϣ
ֻ΢΢һЦ֪׺ͻ˼ˣ
һûмףҲЩͣ
źȥˣҲһĵ⣬һǱˣҪǻʲô˵
ûʲôĻǻãĻΪ986о´ˣ
ԱߣɿԼŮһĵӣҲЩü
ǼĻôҲ̫ɵһЩɣ
οɿźϵıƺûκεľȣҲЩǣ
һǺϵѵĻôԼŮ´ˣ
һȻĸȺ˹ȥ˸ոյʱ򣬾ͿѾǿ첽ǰȥ
ϣ
źϾȻһ˳˹ȥҲ̵
ֻǺȴڰֵã
ԭ׼ǰϵһҲǶǱߣҲǣҲǣ
ϡ
׺ͻ˼ͬʱźϺ˹ȥ
СְСӻܶ㰡һûм˰ɣ
ϵĻֱľһĿǰˣ
ôҲû뵽˾ȻǺϵѣ
ǺϵҲˣź˿ģǾ㵲ѣ
˵˭ôܵ˵Ĵأ
ԼĸףƺҲû
ǺǣһҲ徻һЩͦõġɺãЦʵ
Ȼ˰һ˶Ȳң֮ǰʱҽ˵ҸʮСûʲô𰡣
һ˵ԼʱҲǷǳĿģ
ԭѾһߵȴɾʮ㣬ⲻò˵׵Ĺˣ
ЦŵϣҪȻǻǽȥ˵ɣ
ϵͷ׵ֳ˹ȥ
986оĻң
Ϻס˼ŷٻٻ˻ҵ棬һԵɺվԱߣ
Ͻͬ־Ǹ
ɸһѾǳԼŮ
ɫ쳣ѿоԼǳΣ
Ǹ
ûµģһѣЦŵ
Ѿͷղһ˵Ҿ֪Сֹ˰Цŵ
ҡҲΪ986оİȫ
㡭
ƵĿԼŮԼŮûа취
ʮˣڻûҶҲˣƢҲԽԽˣ
֪ԼŮ˾ּõˣиֵһᣡ
ϹһЦԼŮ㲻֪𣿺ˣǶ°ɣҪС̸һЩ顭
ϣ̸ڲðɣεЦЦ
㻹벻Ҫ˰Ͽû˵
ѣҵȻ˰ɸΪ֮ҿĿԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽšҪǱܵλĻҶȥ
һֵʱҲ۷Ź⣡
Լ˵ɸΪ֮һǮѵӢۺ
ο߾⼼зģûǮ϶ǲеģ
Ȼ986оǹҵģҲɹṩģ
ɹҲƵṩɣǵľѾǷǳӴˣɻЩ׽ĸо
СֺСӦЩǮİɣϹһЦ
ʮڰ˸ڵģ986о˵ҲǱˮнϣӦøǽһЩҵɣ
ΪԼ׵ԭټǼԵ˲ţ
˵沢û̫ע⣬Ǻϣ
һԵıӶˣԼŮʵЩ
̸ҳȥؽգʲôʱˣڸҳ
ôҲΪϵĹϵŮ˵ʵЩ̫װ
ƾʲô˵ʵ986оһоѾһڣôǮ
ܶϣ
ܶѾԹһοˣһοոճ꣬ڶοֳˣ
֪Ҫٵʽ𣿡ײδСѾͷһʶʵûбҪ
ҪʮҰɡɿҧҧ
Ǯ⣬˵ʮڣǧڣҶԸ취ЦŵһҲǰǹһЩѹˡ
ŶѹأϲĿʵ
ЦŵҵзŶӣѾооƬĺļ
ʯ쾪
ţݸģϣҲ̫˰ɣһ㶼Цˣ
һԵĺϺɵʯƾϢҲǳ׵ľˣ




2523²ŵ
 

׺䶥
׵һϯڳ˶һȦ
оƬĺļ
ھȻ˵ԼоˣҪ֪һɼĳһܹɹܹɹģ
˵Ǹ£ܹյһļ
о˵һ㣡
òݣҲΪʲôɵ˶һ͵ԭ
͵˿ɲɸŮˣһԵĺҲŵĲᣡ
˼ֱĿɿڴĿףоԼ˳Ϸһ㣡
˭漣ĵߣ漣Ĵˣ
ܶܶĲƺһжпܵģӺϻþ˵
Ĳ飬ó磬һùӵ˵
˵֮ǰĸĹؼҲó˺ļ
ЩȥƺпܵģоƬǸܰ
Ѳʧһʱ棬ܵоһ
оƬĳһƼɹչʾۺϹһ֡
˵һʱ䣬ʮ꣬ʮ꣬ҪشԵͻƿ¶ոˣ
𾪣
ףǷһ˿ЦϣǲǷ˰Ȼ˵ԼƳоƬʲôоƬ֪һöоƬ̺֮˶ٵĿƼԪ𣿼ֱǿ
ϣҲӣʵ̫˼ˣҸΪǲܵģ
ҲǴֱӷԼĹ۵㣡
ǿоƬ
ѲһΪǲгײذооƬ
ŷٻٻŵЩ˵ˣϼŵĲҪڶооƬŷٻٻҲǲܵ飡
ϳĬֻǿף
֪˿ȥϲ˵󻰣˼˵Ĵ󻰶ɹˣ
˼ױȺ֮ȻҲܹоƬ
ɼñô˵ףοָ˵ˣⲻǻû֤
ָûоƬҲǳŬ˲䳰ȷʲôʾǵרҵжǿҸǣָ˵ǣ
˼ҲһС椿ָôԸ
Ю˽Ի˼ֱӾͿʼˣ
һģûлɹ£
Ż˼˵ߣ˵ҿܲңһ쵽֪ţˣ˼˵
ˣ
һȻЩˣ
һϵӣҲǱ죬֮ƺЩ
ɿźϵӣҲεһЦϣŮһֱ֪ģһ
ң֣˵ʵ
;ϲţоƬͲ̸ˣ϶Ǽٵģ
˿оƬ˵ˣȻ˵˵ôôΣ
ʲôݰ˵ܹ
ĵλʲôĳûмأ
һӲǰɣأֲҪΪ㼼һЩ˾Ͷ㣬Ѳ㲻֪ʲô𣿡
ˣҲǿ˵
˼ЦһԹйףǸָȣĹʲôһûооƬǲ֪С㵽ʲôʸ߽
ˣ˼׿Ż˼ԼҲЩȻʧЦ
ȷ
˵϶˶ŵģ
ʵĸ߿ƼĻԼҲţ
ҲܹЩѧǵ뷨
ֻײʱ˷̫ʱ䣬ѲɻҪȵʮóЩ
è޺ӵģҳҵȷûΪʲôףйˣ˵Ҳҳʶ
ףڵĹԷǳǿ
׿У˵Цˣҵֵһᣬҿǻ˵һ˵оƬɣ
оƬоƬʲô˵ģҾҪôˣܹΪʲôףô˵ˣ
ףĺʤļΪǿң
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оƬ
ôоĻоˣ
οһôǮоҪ֪оĶǧڼ𲽵ģ
С˼˵û۶ԹҵĹףСֻķǳǳľ޴󣡼Ȼ㲻ǿͷҲС˵仰ˣ
ϿҲǳ




2524¹֮
 

ϵһϯһƬļž
ɸŮ˽ĶźϿһԵŷٻٻҲǺĿף
ȷ
ΪףϼŵĹǷǳĴ
ŷٻٻǺ棬׵Ϊ˶Ĺף
ϣⶼ׵Ĺܽ޷ӡ
ɿźϣ֪Ͽˣ˵˵ķԲС
ϿɳСŮܹΪҿҵףһǷǳˣҲǱСᣬڹҵĹףҿԸεױȣ
ױȣ
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Ȼ֪ʲôݣҲ֪仰Ӻϵ˵һʲô
ôᣬܹΪʲôף
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˼һԲмĿ̬ȣǼİ
Ҫ֪ǹĲʿ۲ѧɲκ˵֣
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֪νС־Բһˣ
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ĳ˵ü֮仹͸һӵܡ
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ǰǴɶѵİҲǾ̾˵
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ŷٻٻ˿Ҳòˣ˵ģһʷˣ
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УҲסˣ˾ǵױĸ˰
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·׾һһͬкԺаɣ
ĸйأҲǾ
ϵͷʱȱһؼҲСְǽˣڵʲôҾͲϸ˵ˣֻҪ֪ôһˣ
ϵĻû˲ţ
Ϊ˺ּ˼ҸΪ˴һ˶ȥѣ
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֮֮
ɿףһǳ׵۷ˣ
ȻλµĻҾ˵һɣΪҲ޵Ĺף
ϵĻó˻˼֮˶ˣ




2525ºΪ棿
 

ȻУ
ɺ˶ˣ
һôʲôܹأȻ캽ĸĶܹŪ
Ǯһ￴ȥᣬǻôණ˰
һ˲䣡
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Ǳ׵Щˣ
κһ̾ΪֹˣôһǾǹ֮
ղɶ׵ۣѾϵˣ
ֻû뵽ϾȻҪ˵ʲô飬Խǵ˺棬ƺԽ
Цŵʵ飬Ҿһ˵ɣ

Ǳ׵Ļˣ˲װͷˣ
ΪѾûʸˣ
Ͽ˵ǰĹӦ֪İɣĽڻͼþøܸѹ׻Ƶľϵ
⡭Ҳ˵ģһκǹھͷϼųֵİɣ
ɶʱ»˽ģҲΪ˽⣬֪Щ£
ǺǣҲСΪ
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⡭ⲻܰСС֣ĪףϼĶ³ʹʼ˲ɣ
һ̣
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ҲǾ㵵Ĳ֪Ӧ˵ʲôˣǸϼŵĻôһǶ˶Ѽˣ
̸ģ͵һϼţѵˣ
˼ͽӴľõ۹о𾪵ǣӴľõ۹˸ˣ
ҪεȵҵԼĻҲģ
Ϊ棿
Ǵ棡
ǣС㻹Щʶ
˼ӣҲǵ˵
һԵŷٻٻͷִϼŵĶ³ҡҿԱ֤ģ
ɿҲʿˮֶ֮ǰСŮеֶ˲С˹ҪСŮһʶ
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ϹһЦС֣ڸʲôСƢһЩʵ˻ǺܲİļʵҲǾԵģ
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ֶֻҪԸ⣬ͬ⣡
ɿףҲǺԥ˵
Ͽ׵СְͶһ˾Īղ˵оƬ
ţĿǰҵŶӴϢǼѾ֤ˣû⣡ڻûʵԵĲƷҵзŶҲԸ뵽棬ȱһеˣȻ϶С㶼Ƴ籸ҡ
׿źϣҲ쳣ĳϿˣ
ϹһЦСӦһЩ˰缸뵼幫˾Լ̸У̸лҪ̸ģ
ǰ˿ҪˣǵоƬ󰡣ɳ
ϳСּȻ˵ˣӦǰ˾ŲʮġǻĳɹֻҪǰˣǶǶǵһֽ
ԣֻҪǵļԽǣǾ͵ñǣű߲𣿡Цŵ
ǣűߣֶȻҾһǲò˵һʵǵоƬʮܹ꣬ǿ׷Ѿǲеˣ
ôһֱ׵ˣ˵¶ˣ
׵ͦϲԸģΪһ˿
ǺǣܹԽǹʲԷⲻ˼ȡĻȻᳬԽˣЦŵУӦҵǿһȥ̸УʱῴһЩϲҲ˵أ
ϲ˶ǿף
ŹӵǾ֪ˣʱ̸пƵУǿ̸һ̸˰ɣ




2526²ǰӵʿ
 

ʵѾĶˣ
Ȼȷ׵ʲôͣ˼ϼŵĶ³ԼһǸϱУ
һȷֻһľҪЧ
ҲЩԥȻϺԼĸ׶ͬˣЩԥ
̸̸ʲô
֮ǰף˿ҲЩţ
ϾǰпԼδϰ壡
ЦŵȻ̸һ̸ղŵ˰ȻУǶļ˲ţǱҲȱⷽƶߣһλᣬͬҲǵҲ𣿡
ҡǿԵģǴӹҵоȥҡ
ףԼеԥ˵˳
һԵĺϵСһͲҪˡСּȻ˵оƬ飬ֻҪоɹСֿ϶һʱͶ뵽ǹҵĿҵ֮еģ
˵Ĳ˾ֻͶ߶ѣɷӦȫʹеʡ˶ǰձһķֺɣ
ײǲñ׬ǮǴͷ϶Ҫøϵģ
ϹһЦС㻹ʲôǰ
Ҳǵ棬УȫԷģ˲ţǲͬҵ˵͵ġҴнˮǧһ꣡
˻
ɺͬʱһ
Ҫ֪ĿǰΪ߾˲ţʵ986ĹѾǷǳˣ
һн׻ѾǾԵĸнˣ
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ֶ⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ȻǮû̫ĸоǮܶʱҲһ˵ļֵ
ǧ򣬶һܹʦ˵Ǿǳ߼ˣ
ǰֶᣬܹоƬƵܹʦѾǷǳĸˡнʴʵǡ
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ãҴӦֶҲΪǮǮ˵ʵû̫壬ϣܹһԼоƬҵ룬һֱΪ˶Ŭ
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ָ磬ͱ˰ʲôɱ˵Ķˣ
һ˵
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ûðڱ˵У˼ôô棡
ƶϷǱˣûֻܹ׸ˣ
Խ˼ԽʶоƬҪԣ
׹һֵȻϰ޵񽻸ǣҲܶ
С֣ɵŵ㰡ȻоƬƺͻƣһӴﵽǵˮ׼ΪףڻǴһĽ׶ΰ
Ͽף֪ڵ죡
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ϲҪֵĺܽȻ֪׵ʲôӣ
ʲôܲﻹǾҪ
Ϊʲôںָɻ˼ȥ̸
ΪںϺ͹˵˼ĴǹٷĴ
̸в˳Ҳϻǿ֮ģ
ֵ̫Ļʱ򱻶ĿɾͲǻ˼ǣǺˣ
׿źЦŵϣ黹Щִģ˾һߣҾһɣʱϣҲܹʶһЩɣ
ðɣҽӷһЩʱǵ̸й߶ῴõģҲϣܹ˷ѣɹǣ
Це˵׵ĵоǳһŶһ
ÿһ׵ĵƺܹһЩϲ
һҲ⣬׾ȻооƬȡһĳɹúϸоһο
˼׵˶ǵͷ̸Ҳȷˣ
λˣס˼
ֻ˶֪νľϲʲô
Ѳ׻кֲɣǼڱУ׻ôأ




2527˹ٶ
 

ڶ磡
ϣٴƵ꣡
˼׺ϣٴƵ12ڣ
ΪǼƵ꣬ĻҸݻ
ܶҪ飬ѡطеģ
ϣپƵĻڶͷģЩΪ˱һЩͻ¼ļ¼ʲô
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ȻˣŷٻٻôҲǵõ˳ֵȨģ
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Դ念֮󣬽ӶĽ˺ܶҪ
˵ڵĺһ־ȻԱĸо
ҲΪϴǿ񼸺ûʧֵʱ
ϣֶǽˣԷĴûе
ŷٻٻĵʾ׵˽ҵĻ棬ҲǼ˵
һԵĺϺɻ࿴һ֮󣬺ϳѻлҵĴĻ棡
ܿ죬׺ͻ˼Ӱͳ986оҵĴĻ棡
ϣֶʲôɱﵰЩɻʵ
С˵ҪӣǾֻе£оƬȷ˰Сɵץϳ
ɺٺһЦϣ֪ɣֶṩݣǰҹ˷
ʲôϿЩȦɣҲʵ
ɿܵ˵ȻĿǰǻûеóյĽֶۣĿŶооƬһéٿĸо
˵ɣСڸҲ˵Ҵǰɣֱ˵
ϲһϲӵˣɵӣҲЩһ˵
ȻˣҲΪƽ׽ˣɲŸӣ
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֤Ҫ೤ʱ䣿ϳʵ
ȻϣҪһƷĻҪҵʱ䣬ȻˣƷܹܹã⻹ֵȶ
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ѧһǷڼȡţ
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ЦŵϣȫֶµĶҪгƷĻǾͺˣ
ƷʲôأгƷĻ˵϶õ𣿡û˵
Щǵ˵ϣֶȫǻҪԹͻ׵ˣǳʲôĻǵʱǹҵһʧ
ϰڰֵЩעܹסģοһСԭѾ뿪ˣܹ˵ʲô˵СһĻŹҵġҿһרŵоƬˣ
ϣ˼оƬļǵļŶѾɹˣһ㶵
üһ治ȷǷһǰĻҿ϶ôΪ˵оƬĹѶж˽ȷҲô£
ϣҪȻǿֶļŶӸָҲǿ⵽ʲôļŶӣôţ
ɵ˼ѾǷߣߵзŶʵ̫ˣ
оƬȸ߾ĺĵĶ˼ҾȻܹоһ˳ɹ
ɹȥģģٱǵרҵоҪһЩ
һЩ˼ܹ˲ŵĻǿɾ˰
ϿһɵɰССֵİ취ǵİ취С˼ɣ˵ġСָļ۸͸𰡣
˵ҲǣֶǳֱּԾܾС˼ûָ˰
̾һʵ÷ǳĿϧ
ϳСֶڹҴӲģоƬ˾ҲȫʹУ㻹С̴˼ְɣһֱǿĸ֣ôأ
ϣҡҴˣҴˣ
һô˵Ҳһ죡
ʵϸղȷôģС˼һӱƣһ׽ߵĸо
Ӣع˾ٶ˹Ȼˣ
ԭ죬ǿĻеˣҲɫЩ䣡




2528±о
 

Ӣذ뵼幫˾
ΪҵͷϴҵĵλѾǳԽ˾ܺͣ
Ӣذ뵼幫˾һӪҵռ뵼гİٷ֮ʮ
޴Ӱʵһ׻Ƶİ뵼¼ҲӢذ뵼幫˾ģ
Ӣذ뵼幫˾Ҳ֪׻һ޴г
ǰ׻ʵʩѹȴ׻Ŭ̸УĺҲܺһ
˼Щ̸Ѿ̸˿ˣм֪˶ٻأ
˵˹˼øֹϵԼ̸˹һβ
֮ǰһֱû¶棡
컪˼һο˹ʱҲɫ൱ѿ
ָ磬ͷһ˹Ӣذ뵼幫˾ٶһɿڵĻǽ»ϣ
˼ףҲǵ
ţ֪ˣ׵˵̸еǣʵʱһЩɣ
ָ磬㶼ˣҸ̸ƢƲסǸ
˼һƵ˵˵ʵڵģĲˣ
׻֮󣬻˼ԾԼĵӵĶˣ
ĻҲ쳣
ԭΪǸǣû뵽Ȼһǰ
װڰֵǶһ飬ʲôȻ̸УôҶǹƽĲǣİɣûµģ
˿̵ĽҲǿ֪ģӸǽڣ
һԣҪ˵
ȻƽʱͷǳϬڵлϰµģ
ⷽоģȻǷǳϤˡ
Ӣذ뵼ٶѲ֪жô
ߣҲվţˣ
ٶǼ˰
˹һ֮ľλ֮ϣ·λþΪһ㣡
˹Աߣ½½߰˸ˣ
Щ˻˼ȻϤޱȵģеÿһ˶˼̸
˹֮⣬֮ҲǳŻ˼ͷ
˹ĺ밡˼Ҳ¶һ˿ԵЦݵ
ٶôҲӦ֪ˣһʮ죬ʲôϾʱԼİ
˹ЩԳ˵˼ʵΪԼѶѣ
˼˵˹ȻˣǾͲڶ˰ɣ
ٶ˹ȻˣȻǻʮĳġ
˹Ż˼ʼմһ˿ʿЦݣ
֪˹ĺºܶ˶һͰ׵˰ɣ
˹ȻˣӦ֪Ҫ˵ʲôɣϣӢذ뵼ָܹǵĳڷݶơٷ֮ʮ޶ʵ̫һ㣡
˼һε⣬֪ȥջҪƵ治
ٶҲ֪ǲϣ˹һЦ
˹ٶ֮ǰһֱûм棬ҲûֱӵĽ֪ڰ뵼ҵڣӢع˾ǾԵͷϴֻҪ˹ٶ˵һ仰ǱȻǿԵģ
˼˹Ҳǳ
˹һЦٶ̧̫ˣĵλǻٶܹóһЩĻҵԸ֮һ
ʲô⣿˼˹ʵ
˹һֱû¶棬˼̸еĽҲƵƵ谭
û˼һĸо
ڵŻ˼Ҫʱ˹ͻȻˣ
˼֪һһ̸еĸ֣߶ķǳ׼
ȥôʱˣŵһεĿò˵һḷ́
̸УмɵľƣӲܹż
˼֮ǰӵκεʱʵҲǷǳżˣ
ٶǽȻ̸УҲøôŰɣٻһ߲𣿡
˹Ż˼Ȼ仰һתһε˼ҳ
˼üͷһǵȴԼż
ڻ˼ԼʲôżıҪ𣿼Ȼ˹ˣȻҪȥһЩ
˼΢΢һЦȷ˹̫֪ܲϲˬˣԭǲġȻλɹ˴˰׻Ƶĵ̣ⲻӴһǲõİɣ
ٶ˵Ĳ˹¶һ˿â˲仰ٴһתҵܼ򵥣оƬļ۸ɣ˰ɣ󶹹˰ɣȡơ
޳ܣ˶
˼˲֪ǣԶ986оҵĺϣ˿ҲǷŭĽӸĵ죡




2529ڿԹˣ
 

986оĻڣ
ϵķŭǰϵģôߣ
˹Ļǵôߵһּ˵ı֣
Ҫ֪оƬļ۸ɣ˰ɣÿǽоƬҪһǧ
һǧ𰡣ʲôŲ˵Ҳ֪ˣ
ⲻǰ˰Ǯ͸˱ʵ֮ǰоƬ׻Ѿø߼۹ˣ
˾Ȼ˵޳ܣǵű
˹̸оƬĻҲˣ
ϾΪԼû뵽һ˳Ȼ˵ô󶹽ɹ˰
Ҫ֪óĦһģĸ˹˲ҪͨоƬ׻ƾͷ
ѾǷһˣû뵽һξȻһεķ
һθӵ޳ܣ
ֱ޳֮޳֮
Ϸˣò쭣Ϊ̸ȫǱ˵Ϸˣһ
ǾԲģغһӣ
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Сܹ𣿡ŭһ
ֲ֮ǰ˼̸һֱ˳ιĲһô̸˳أ
ɳϣȻô˵ûоƬĻǶڻҪʧܶడ
˼ͬˣϵۿһ
ҡҡͷͬǾԲͬģֻȻ̸УҾǿȡһЩ󶹵Ĺ˰϶ǲܽˣоƬĹ˰΢һЩҾûǿԽܵģ
ܣ
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2530ܵ
 

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2531ּ
 

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2533𾪵ķ޵
 

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Ŵ֪ӦҲϹ㣬ǵİ
ЦŵܣҿרҵˣⱣ֤ŵʵһһ֪İɣѲɶûţ
ˣܾЩŰŴסԼļģİһΪ¾ҵ˴˰
ٺ٣һλøлֶأҪֶҴ绰Ļҿ¸ûĻɣ
һᵽ׵ʱһĪļ
ʵϣıԼ˵˵ȷһַǷ
Ŵ𾪵ʵİֶĹϵôð
ܣ⡭˽ºòãǱô˰תƻ
Сưгĺܾأ̶̵֪ӵʱڣѾж˼ýҪתǵ𣿡
Ŵ˿Ҳһ緢ĸо¾ʱһγΪеĽ㣬ôȻҲǳΪ˵Ľ㲻
˵ܣֲûмˣܱܲôһһէİƵ˵
ŴٺһЦһοɲͬЩý忴ǶҵţˣܶڶǸأһǵAPPҪ˰
ĵͷԴ˭Ҫתǵ¿԰ԺҪʹǵĶҲԲʱ¾ʱͿڲ֮ˣ
õõãҲ˵˰Сƣ֧Ųסˣ
Ҹķգ
ĶŴʵЩҸķգý˿̶Ϊ׻ƶ
˿̣
׺ͻ˼Ҳһ˳ֻǻ֪ĵһƪѾ˹˼ˣ
ԭһߵ̸Уڻһߵ
ֻķȴˣ
̸неķǳ˳˹˴ͷɥĴӻ֪߳ǸʲôĽˣ
׸˺ϵˣŻ˼һ뿪ˡ




2541¶Ȼ˼
 

ǽĳƧĵط
ָ磬ȥʲôط
һ·ϣ˼֪״ԼȥʲôطֱӾͿʼˣ
Цŵ˼и㣬Թһ˵ʲô
˵ָ磬ĿɱŻҰ
˼һЦҲЩɻ
ָúõ˵һ˵ҲЩľսѲָǹ
ⲻܰ
˼һᶨߣϸʲôһ˵
ֻͻȻôˣ˼ҲЩƣ
ǺǣҸ˵ɣ𣿡׼ʵ
ָ磬⡭ôأ˼ʵ
׺ٺһЦʵϻУֻ㲻֪ѣ
ָ磬㡭ɰ
˼ӵɵϴʵЩ̫Щ
вЦЦ˵ҪҵĻڿʼ¾Ҫһʵˣ
ָ磬ɱҿЦСʵЩܲˣ
˼һȷϵʵǾⲢܣ
ţ
׿Ż˼ʵҲ֪һ˸ʵģ
治ţ
˼ƶ˵ţǾʵЩ˼鰡
Цŵʲôط
ǰָ磡˼ףʮֵĽţ
׹һֵأ
ڻ˼ΪطǾǵʱоԼǱǣסˣ
ܿ죬һ۵ʱȴԼѾվĳһıԵ֮ϣ
⡭ҡϼң
˼оһıԼϼҺǱ־ԵĽĻʵ
𣿡׹һ֣Ż˼Ǿ㤵ı飬Ҳ۾
࣡
˼ĺ֮вסķһˣ
֮еĻ֤ڻ˼ƺûһϢ
׵Ҳǲż߻˼һҲûڱܻЩ飡
ֻ֪ЩϢҲҪһ̵ģ
֮󣡣
˼ĿЩ͵Ŀ׵ָ磬㡭ɣɣҵ찡ֲָôԭ㾹Ȼɣ
ǺǣȻҸ㣬Ǳǵѡʱˣҽ磬ɽ磬ʱǱһˣ
׿Ż˼ǿ
Ȼˣ˼һλᣬҲΪ˼ԼĹϵǳĲ
νԵ
Щʱģ˼ȻԼ˵ҲһԵ֮ˣ
Ը⣬ȻԸⰡĵɣǻңָ磬ϽҴʮ䰡
˼ȻûнʵһȴѾǼ
ʮ䣿ѾΪհû˵
Сӻǻ߽ݾһ;ôĽݾأ
ʮ䣡
ǲС˵дĶȴûôļ򵥣
ôɵĻǸ˿¶ܹ˲
ûʮ䣬ʮܿ԰ɣ˼ףЩ˵
̾һμݱɲô׵飬һһһӡģ
Ǻܿࣿ˼㵵ʵ
׵ͷҪȱ˻ĸȱ˻ĸãȻҪȱ˸Ĵ۲𣿲ʱҲҪôֻ࣬Ҫѡ񵽵׸߻ǲߣ
ָ磬ҡҸˣҼô찡˼ʵ
ʱȻṩһģ㲻Ҫģ׿Ż˼
ĻȻǸָ˰ٺ٣˼Ц
ջ˼ۣܹΪɣӦǷǳģ
ںܶɣ
ֻ֪ɽĲпĻͲôˣ
Ȼǿӵкܳһˣĸ죡
ԣκһ飬б׵ģ
׵ͷȥ׼һ°ɣʱѸô鴦ˣҹһȻģ
ָ磬ûⰡ˼ٺһЦ
ţڴ򶷣
׵Ŀ⳯ŲԶտ˹ȥһԵĻ˼һ
Щܵʵָ磬ġأ
ͷ֮ϣ׵Ļû˼סĳϿȥȥƺѹҲûʲôˣ
㲻ûп֮һлᣬʶʶҲʡߺ˼룡
׿Ż˼ҲЦ
˿ôһû˼ʶʶҲã




2542֮
 

׻ĳϿգ
˼֪׵˵ʲôط
ϣ
˼һĲ죬֮ǰѾЩ׵˼룡
ȻʲôҲǳϿ˹ȥ
ಣ
ֻǵ˼յʱȴԼѾ֮У
ͷĿѣ
˼оԼЩǰһڣ·һĽ˶ˣ
˼ӵ˽˷ɻˣһ׸߿֮Ͽľ
ֱӸᵽ棬ָоʵЩˣ
׺ͻ˼ĲԶ
ĸΧɱһһŮ⽣Ӱ翴ŴƬһ㣡
˼ЩĿɿڴĿЩ˵⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣ
׵˵ԺǸӵģ
⡭ô˵ԺҲôˣ˼ʵ
ɣǲΪĶѣԺͻ˽ˣһżȻʹ˰
Цŵ̬磬Ѿƽ̫ˣ

˼ԭҪ˵ǼߴﹾĻҲĨһ˿֮ɫ
ôˣ׿Ż˼ʵĪΪϾ׻ɣ
ѲɲҲɲµĶ𣿡
˼ʵЩ㲻ȻˣҪǶ㼶ûκεĸ
ҡҡͷһ;û˻ǲģֻÿһķһˣһ㶼ʹѪƣһ㶼Ǵͳ
ðɡ˼ЩΣ
ԺЩĻ˽̸ģЩҪȥģЦŵ
ģȻܵ׻Ƶĵ۸ǵˣָ磬㡭һ˴ùĸҪǴùĻȥǵˣ
˼һһŮѾЩ˺۵ӣҲ˵
ǣСӵϲΪְȻ׻Ƶĵϣ߿¾Ͳôˣû뵽ھȻ˸׻ƶ֣
׵Ҳɢһȣ
Ҫ֪磬ǿһͳģû뵽Źȥ೤ʱ䣿
һȻ׻Ƶĵؽ϶֣ѲǾͲ±
Զ
һһŮȥʮֵĳڣ
ӦöͨĵͼߣΧɱǵʵȴҲ̫ߵģ
ο⼸ƺǲδſƵĿ
ҪȻĻһһŮ¼ֲ˶þͻᱻˣ
ߣǲ
Ŀ˵Ųô׻ȥΪıŤ
Ȼ׺ͻ˼治ԶĵطΪ׵ʵʵǹǿ˸о׵Ĵڣ
룡ˣҲܵõǼĶ׻Ƶĵ̣Ѳǲ֪Ĺ𣿡
һһŮ֮еŭһֻƺԲ԰һЩ
٣̫幬Ȼǿ󣬿Ϊǿū𣿲֮˷׻֮УҲкܶ˲ԸⱻָֻţǼǣȻ󽻳ǵıأǱǹ
Ǻ˵˵ԭ׼ֵͣ
Լ˶೤ʱ䣿û뵽Ѿǲˣ
ʵϣʵҲǹ飬֮ԶȱҰĵģ
ֻû뵽Щ˾Ȼ֮һ
ذδǵڸʲô
Լ̫幬ǣһʱȻ˵ҳԿ̫幬ˣ
ΰɣǾҲܸͬ۵ģˣҲǵǱģ
˵һηҲΪ֮ݣ
ʵǿС̬֮ȲκεĹϵ
һˣ飡
һˣҲ̰
ľҲһܹ߶ԶҪĺָ꣡
̫幬Ȼǿ󣬿ȴҲƱQ˼ˣһ飬׽ǲ
Ϊ׵Ǹ˿ǰһһŮҲһεЦһ
ΰɣ޿ܣҪɱҪϤ㣡
ŭһһԵŮҲдһɾ֮ɫ
磬ӳȥһӣӲȥǽ͵ǽһˣǻã
ã
ԼãҲǼᶨĵͷ
ǣܼһЩڤ粻鰡Ȼ˵Ļǿɾ͹ֲˡ
Ǻ˵¶һ˿ЦݣеĽѾǸ߸ߵ̧
һѪĹâǵϣ
ֻǾ׼֮ʣȴһɼǿѹ̩ɽѹһ




2543´Żٶʶ
 

ˣ
һɼǿѹ˸оЩ
׿ǰĺˣҲѿһ˿Ц
˭
Ϊ׵ĺһֵĿΧ֪ǿѹǴʲôطģ
ҲǸһѹ
Ƕ֪˵ǵѣѾûϣǣ˵ǿ
һ̣ǵͷҲһϲ
Ѿһͳû뵽Ȼ˸׻ƾڵңʵǸ
׵Ӱĸ˵ΧһԵĻ˼ǰľҲȻѣ
ڶ֪һеô£
˼һǸܵνĹһ˵ôˣ
Ҳɲû˼ǰһеǲˣ
㡭㵽˭ǿڵˣ
Ǻ˵ȻǲԶû뵽˾ȻԳڵˣ
Ѿǹ˳˾;̫幬ֺһ˵أ
ڣ
üͷϢȷЩ𾪵ģ
ߣˣڰ£˵øϽ뿪Ļܵ޾׷ɱ
Ϊ׵ĺһԥҲǰһ
ӦǻһЩӵģϾĵһţ
Ҳǰлֻܶ˲֪!
ΣǰλͻȻֵĸҲҪһЩӵİɣ
вңϲ˵в
׵Ŀһǰĺˣһɲŭı飬ǰҲЩ߶µģ
㡭֣ʱ򡭡
˻Ҫ˵һ룬ȴ°ĭֱ̱˿У
䣡
ļ֮Ѫˮ
ĸˣһգ۵ĹֱӾͱնɱΣ˶֪˵ôֵģ
֣
һȷǰ֮˾Ǹ֣
׻Ƶĳ֣˵оˣ
һԵĻ˼ƵĴŴһӻûдӸղ׵ֶ֮лع
ĸˣ˵ɱɱˣ
Цݿָ磬û뵽ν磬Ȼһɱϵĸ֣
ֻǻ˼Ͼ׽ˣǿʳǷǳӦ
Щ֪Ӧôźã
ղһĻ֮ɵ𺳣ⱲӶаɣ
һ磬֮УǿһУ
ָ磬⡭ɱˣ
˼ףҲĿɿڴʵ
׵˵ֻһССѣɱ˱ɱˣµĹرǹأ˼Ժ磬ῴܶΪ˼飬һһĹأںü
ô˵Ҳǳϣһпܱɱˣ
˼ʿˮʵȻЩ̫ˣ
ЦŵȻҲ̫ģڣ㲻ʲôµģ
ָ磬Ȼ㶼ˣôܷأκ鶼ศɵģз˵õĶǸ𣿡
˼ףҲЦЦ
ֻЦʵЩǿջЦĸоûа취ܶ˶δ֪Ķǳ˿־Ĳ
˿ƺҲЩԼˣ
ղŵ˲䣬Լû뵽Ȼǣ
ǰһݣ
ףҲϵĹ
ֻ˺۵ӣ׿ȥЩĲ̣
׿ͷɣô
ǰһĻҸÿ¾Ҫ֮ˣľ֮û
ϥ¹򣬱ȭ
װڰֵ⵽ô£ôᶢأ
ǰӦڵˣ磬ʵЩΨ²ңõĺƽûм죬ͱƻˣ
ڲǹ˳˾̫幬Ҽǵ̫幬ذδ룬ӦþǵڵɣǲǸˣ
׿ҲЩɻ
ȻΪܹ̫幬⣡
ˣ
΢΢ҡͷЩҲֻ֪ĩļ壬ָ߲ôأ
Աߣ׵ǰܼҾҲرԶҪȻܼһҲҸ״˸лǰľ֮
ðɣȻ˵ĻǱһɣ
ײûֱӻؾ̫幬ǳᵽܼң
ҪŪ̫幬׷ʲô飿




2544
 

ĳɽ֮У
˼ѾǱ׸ͻϼңǸܼڵķλ۶ȥ
ܼҵĵϵܼδ峤ѡ
ֻܼһС壬Ƿǳᣬ˵ʵҲǺǿ
ڣ
ʵҲżѣ
ò֪׵˭ֻǿʵ֮ӦҪǿ̫ˣ
ټǵľˣȥܼһҲ飡
ǰܼڵĵط
ָָǰһü׵ĵطЦŵ
׵ͷһ·˲δкʲô̫Ľ
ڵܼҵĵ̣Ҳһ
ԼҵĵϣԵҲЩˡ
طҲ棬һܲĵطˣ
ȷ
Ȼܼҵʵһ㣬ѡطҲһˮأ
ɫһǰѰ֮أܼҲֻܹĩ壬ʵ棡
һ;ҲǺ飬ûκһԶǿģҲûκһԶСġһнԵ
˵ЩĪ⣬ö׸һصĸо
˴׳ܼҵܲȥֻǴ˿̵ܼҼȫװһķ
峤С㣬ǻ˰
ܼڲʱһλӼҴҵĳǵķ򼲳۶
ȥ쳣ļƺоʲô˼һ㣡
壬ŷɽʲô
ԼĶеķɽҲһͷˮĿŸǰЩƵʵ
һѾǻͺãͺð
Ķ壬ϣ
ҲܼʵΪǿ֮һ
ֻλܼΪǿ֮һʵҲ񾳽۷ѣ
龳绹ôһ˿˿
壬ҸأҲΪʵ
㸸׾ڴõأϿҲǵ
ţҸô֪ǻˣⲻܰɣһִʧ˲Żģ
ҲһͷˮĿϣȻû뵽ԼĸרߵԼ
ϴ߳߱ߵǻǰһʱңһܼҵأ˵Ѿץˣǰ֮ڽ󣬷ʱ͡
ǾǴӳġһʵ̫ˣ׻ƣôܹǺΪأ
һĿϣȻʵôΣȴ쳣ļᶨ
Ϊֿļ飬Ҳǻصܼˣ
ˣܼҵǰˣԺûʲôˣôڵǻڻ˴ҲܰˡǽҪһ¶Բˣ
ϿԼֶӺֶŮҲ̵
ţ壬Բܹóѡ׻绹ڱһ۸˰ɣ
ҲǳȥСӻǼݣ
ףλǣ
ԭҲǹԼֶֶŮ
ߵʱȴ֮ǰǸҲǸţ
һַҲǳʵ
ҲЦŵ壬ûλǰĻҸ¾Ҫǰˡǰġ
ŶλӲ֪
Щ䱸ĿףȻûݵ£Ƕ˸ۣ
׿ϵ˽䱸ĳǿͬΪ׻ߵķϡο׻ƺУôܹأ
ǰҲ׻ߣ֪Ժźɣ
ʼմһ˿Ľ䱸֮ģóǾһЩǰűˣ
׵ҲûвҴŵԾ̫幬
ʲʲô̫幬һһԵҲĿɿڴĿף
̫幬
ǿΪţĴڰֲ˼ҰԼ
Ҫ췴ԵľǾ̫幬˼նɱŹأ
һ뵽ߣҲǻȻ
Ŀ׵ûû뵽ǰȻԾ̫幬ʵʧǰ롭
ҲɫֵܼΣ֮ʣ
˾̫幬˳ĻʱԶɹΣ
Ȼ֪׵ʵжôǿ
Ƕ˵һλְܱûеҪúܶ಻
˳ܼҵܲ룬ϵ˵ıҪɳ˺ܶ࣬ԭǰĽˡ




2545¾ܼ
 

ܼҴڣ
Ϊܼҵ峤˿Ҳķң
ܼԭһ۵ļ壬һȴ˸ˣ
ԭǳļ򵥣Ǿܼҵһ
ԭܼҵܣҲܼһֱܹ簲Ķ
û뵽ϢȴֶߣܼҲΪʸ֮ģ
׻µĸ֣ܼԭõԼ󱻱˰ռ
Ǿھ̫幬һͳ֮ԭΪӴ̫ƽˣ
û뵽ھ̫幬׷֮ڵȴһεĴ
Զ嶫Ϊ׵һˣͼĴȨӶһս
걻״Ķ룬һεĳΪȷѪԴͷ
ǲϵİռСȡᣬҲܼҳΪڵĿ֮һ
Դ
ǾǾԵĺģ
ֻҪӵ㹻Դʱ򻹲ʲô͸ʲô
ԭԼĶӺŮץʱȴԼĶӺŮ˴֮У
ԼĶӺŮʱҲͷһϲǻˣ
ţףǻˣ
ԼĸףҲǼ˵
һԵҲµ˵ҪǰǣǸ׾Ҫˣ
ֱ̫
ŭԼӣֱӽԼӸµķ飡
ϿԼĴ磬ϢŭҪӦôаԲưոݵģ
λǰǡ
ϵͷҲע⵽ף
ղԼŮ˵Ҫλǰȣ˵ǰ֮˾ǾԼӺŮĶ˰
Цŵ磬λԾ̫幬ǰܼһо˰
̫幬ǰ棿
ҲǼĿԼĶʵȻû뵽׾Ȼݣ
ʵ磬ھ̫幬ĵλνǵǷ켫
Ծ̫幬˵ֱܹͨ
ǰԼ˵ģ϶ˣ̵
׿ʵ峤ܼʵƽƽȴΪ˱˵Ŀ꣬ӦԵɵİɣ
⡭ȷЩԵɣ
һҲ֪Ӧôشˣʵǵӣ
ҪԼӣⲻҪܼҵ
ѾˣҪҴƺЩ̫ˣ
ҪǱ̫幬֪ˣʱҲͱסˣ
ǰ֮Ծ̫幬ˣܹṵ̂
磬Ϊأ
ԲΪǰûκεһʱҲЩԥ
磬ʱԥʲôǵĶǾ׸ǰҲܺùǰ˸˰ɣ
ʵֽס
ڻűˣⲻǴ˼ǰ
ο˼ңǾܹסԼҵǲܵ飡
Ҳ̾һȻǰˣв˵ĵܼҴʱھһ󣡣
󣿡
֪֢ᵽ׳ʲôط
˵ܼһС壬ֵñ˵ʦڣ
һ֣ˣ鶼ʯǵĻ
һ׵ӣһҲǳ˹ȵף
׿Ҳǿˣ
ʯˣֵʱ򣬿ҲȻĶɣ
ֻǲ֪׵Уֻѣ
ͷΪڵˣѹĸԴܼҵԭһֱصĺܺãҲ֪ôξͱ˸֪ˡ
ţǵʲôط׿ʵ
ǰҪĻ̴ȥֻֻһ󡭡
̾һҲЩ˵
ң
ȻһԼĶӺŮԼӦøм
ԼĶӺŮҲͬĽһֻǸ˽
Ȼ󱣲סˣҲͲˣ
һɾϣ
˵˵׿
Щԥ˵ǰǳŵˣССҲ벻ķۡȴǿԵģϣܼҵȡҶӺŮ̫幬֪ǰ
ʵֵͦģ
̫幬˵ܹ𣿲Ҳֻܹ˾ҽˣ
ûȤҪ̫幬ǿԵģ׵˵
һ㶣ûȤһӶ֪˵ʲôˣ
¡
ֻҪڸ˵ʱȴܼҵΧѾǱŷһ޴ĺ




2546¶
 

ˣ
Ҫ˵ſڵĶҲŭݳ⣡
ֻǵĿһԶת΢΢һЦ޷
ǰбǿ²ǵְ
֮ǰѾǱѹЩ
ԼĶӺŮ׻ˣû뵽ôˣ
ǰҪȻҵȵֵ뿪֪ܼĵص㣬Ժϣǰ
оЩˣ
֪һԼڽӣҲ˵Ļ
ףܼҵˣܼҵĹ˸ƴˣ
ʢȥ쳣ĳ嶯
ŭһɽڲûգܼҵԲܹϣǸϽ뿪
峤мˣ
ԼĶǱʱ򣬼ӰѾǸ˵ĸǰ
Ϊֳ֮ȣȥһƵᣡ
ƺһжƿ֮һ㣡
㡭Ǻˣ
ɫһ䣬ǰ֮˲֮ǰĴ磬Ҳǳʵ
еķɽѾʱս׼
¶ƣ
ƣĶӣȻ˼ȴ׹
˲СǶļܹȴ֪ĺ
ܼұڲ֮Ƕڸ˽͸
Խ˽͸Ƶ֣Խһı
û뵽ⶫƾȻΪһˣ
㡭кιɣ
һƵ֣ɫ৵һ¾ͱĲҰף
˵֮ǰһ˿ϣĻôڿ֮еϣڶ˾ˣ
ƵһЦеʶʱΪܣܼҲһѣҪȥѾǼΪĲס峤˵Ŀе
֪еĿģ紫˵氡ܼҸûν󣬻붫峤죡
Ȼɫޱ䣬Ǳһ˿ѣ
ܲϣ
Ҫֻܹܲһʵˣ
峤ûҵ˼˲̫ϲ⡣ֻܼѡҪôԹԵĽҪôܼ𣡣峤Ǹˡ
ƺٺһЦż
Ҫ˵Ѿ˳ǶĶӣ
󵨣㾹ȻֱҸ׵䣡
ƿ߳СӣҲһ
ƣߣѾΪҾ̫幬壬ȴû뵽ȻҪҸȼ
׿ŶһЦ̤ܼҵһ̣׵Ѿˣ
Ǿ̫幬ˣһ㶣漴ʵ
Ǻˣ޹أ֪ΣһҲܲ
̫幬һ϶ʶƺûмôһߣҸҶװβǣ㻹һ㣡һ㵹˵Ķԣ̫幬Ҫū磬ǾΣ
һѹҲûн׵ĻǸ
ǰСӣҪնɱôˣûκοԵģ
οһγ£ûֱ
Ȼֻ徳ڶѣλ龳ĸֱ
ֻƽʱûµʱѹҲѣ
ϾԶƵͷʰЩС廹һ
ڻĲ˵
ƱĵһЦڼΪЩ̫幬ѹȶ𷴿ĴѣΪһССľ̫幬ĵ˵䲻ʹĻذδ϶ܹ֪ذδ֪Ҳѱ˰ɣ
ڡ壿Ǻǣٹһʱ䣬Ǿͽ׵İͼĨȥˣ챾㿪ɣ
׵ѿһ˿Ц˿ڶƵλ龳ĸѾӶˣ
ƲʶףλƵȴʶ
ҲΧ˾̫幬ˣȻǼ׵ı
ԭֻԶ׵ģһΣǲһŵȶӶˣ
ףλɽľ̫幬Ȼһεĳǵĸǰ
ܣ
ƺþԼŶƵķţ
ȻҲ֪һοܲˣ
Ǹ֪һᶼûˡ




2547Īܼ
 

ܼң
˿̵ܼܲ˶ĿɿڴĿŶƺˣ
һڳϷΣʶˣ
ڳϺַ壡
龳ڵĳǿ߰ںַԱߣͬһλڳϷεߣ
˾ȻͬʱطŵЩ겻ĸо
û뵽ǣ˵һ亰ĻȻöƿܣ
ʲô
λ龳Īĸ֣ȻҪܣ
Ѳǿʲô˲ɣҿʵ벻ﵽʲôܹвǰλ龳ĸ֣
״ˣǡʲô˰ôûзǰ
ЩĿǰľ
һԵҲüڵĳϣܼҿҪΣ˰
壬ʲôΣղΣյİû˺Ǹʲôٺ١
ҲЦֻ֪ǰ˵˭
֪˭Ļ¾Цˣ
ϳ磬ôˣ
˵һ֪ڳϺַ壬Ҳ龳ĸ֣
ʲʲô龳
Ӷɳˣ龳ʲô
Ҫ֪ڵʲôʵǲڵʵѣ
龳ֱʮǧ֣
Ȼһĸоɳǿߵǻ𾪲ף
龳ⱲǶûļ
һôǲĪأ
磬ǡⲻλ龳ĸΪʲôҪܰ
סˣȻҲⲻ⵽Ϊʲô
ܼ˵˵龳ĸ֣徳ĸ֣Ƕܼ˵Ҳֵ֣֮
üҲǺ֣ⶫƿǶĶӣⶫǿڵݣʲô˵ľʧ룿
ǰ磬㿴ǵʮֵĽţӦʲôǸо𾪵ˡԲӵģ
ҲǵͷҲǻܣָûʲôƺвǰǰˣ
֣
ʵǸоǳ֣
Ϻ˵ס壬˵ǲΪǰأ
ǰⲻܣ
΢΢ҡͷǳ
ǰλǰȻҲԲλ龳ֵĶְɣ
龳ǿΪĴڣ
λǰҲʵǳֻʵʵ̫ˣ
Զ˵츳ԴҲ徳ѣ
˼ǿﵽ龳һҪɵλ龳ĸ֣ûκεĿԵģ
ǰ޿ܣǰᣬԲ˵Ķֵģ
Ҳĵ˵
ǡǸ״ˡ壬ΪǰĻܼҿ¼˼ôôĺأ
Щüʵǰ˵ʵ̫ˣ
һʱ뵽ǰΪǰΨһһܼҵˣ
ܼҼ˼һ˵Ķ֣˼ΪʲôҪأ
ãΨһĽ;ǰˣ
ҲǵͷҾø˵еΪǰĻôأܼҿûǸʵɣ
磬ѲΪǰĪλǰǾ̫޹ĸ߲㣿ǡ
ϴ˿ҲǾеֻĵһӡײڵĶ֣
ΪĹʵЩܲˣ
һ˾ͱڵĳϻڵ·
˵ȥʵûŰ
ôڵǾǺ£Ӧø˲ǰǻǾɡ
Ҳ΢΢ҡͷʵǹĺܣҲûа취ͣ
Ȼûа취͵ĻôֱӾͿôˣ
ԼĸҲǵͷ׻˵úãǸǻǻ㲻ܼҼȻѾȳŸˣܣûϣˣ
ǰ˵ĲΪʲôδ֪ĶܵĻܼҶһˣҲǵͷ
üףڵǶͻȻֵһЩȤ
ĪΪһܼһˣ
ûȶӡܼܲܶ˸
磬ĲߵĻܼһ߲ϿЦһĿҲǳԶ׵˿ȥ
һеϣƺڷ·ˣ
ֻҪ˲·ǻûϣˣ




2548֪η
 

˲Զ
ԭһĵȻû뵽ǰСС˾ȻҸԼŸɣ
һ
Сط˻ǲ֪絽ôţƵһڣ
Ҫ֪ǿһ壬ֻΪ̫幬ԵʣűЩˣ
׷ˣӵһγΪĻᣡ
һΣֻҪԸһ̫幬ֿɵˣ
ȻղסĻƾԼûˣ
ڰбԼϾȻҪԼܣⲻǸЦ
ƿźַһλϣҲǺַĵܵܺ־ԶʱɫҲ
裡
ǶԼһ谡
֪ԼԲˣԽܲһ֮˵в
ʵǿҲԲĶ
ַͺ־˿ѾЩɪɪϳֳһƬҰ֮ɫ
Ƿ·ǿʲô˼һ㣬˲˶Ƶĸǰ
ˣ
ַ忴׵ֿһ˿ĪЦݣбһ
һԵĺ־ɫѪɫȫ޵˵ߣҡҵȡ
ƨַ塢־λڵĳϣɳ־ԼأֱЦܼҲһ㲻ϵСѣǾȻ
ǽһϳֳһֺɸֵӣ
ôҲû뵽λ߳龳ڵǿߣȻһǰ¶˾ʧӣ
ҪǴȥĻԺڳô죿
ԣڵĶƺ޲ֱһһǰλ
ֻ֪˿ĸ֣οҲ˵Ķ֣
ѲɾͲһ룬Ϊʲôַͺ־λ龳ĸ֣Ȼŵƨأ
㡭ˣҲѵһˣ
ַͺ־һۣ˵֮Ҳȼս⣡
ȻҪҲҪȥ
ֻǵмȺ־֣ѾɽǿߣΪʲôֻطأ
ľ̫幬ףȻһεĳǵĸǰ
Ǹо˼ͬʱ־ʵ̫ˣ
ûһλɽǿܹصģƺɣ
һ̱ˣַôأ
ʵַͺ־Ȼڵĸ֣ڵĶ֮ҲŲϺŵģ
Եں;̫幬ĳͻȻʵǿᣬɲδĲУ
Ȼ˲δ룬׵׿֮Ҳǿģ
Ⱳӣ˿¶ǸΪ磬һͳĳ֣
ŭһȻôǾȥ˺ˣڿɲȱ̰֮ˣ
ַͺ־˿ﻹôйƣ
ҪڣⶫƵȷǵλ磬أԼˣܹΪǵĶƣ
ȻҪĻôҲܲˣ
֡
ַʱѾǹҪ֪ûз֮ǰǿĿӰ
̫幬һͳ磬Ǿǲģ
˵ײĻô
ǣû뵽Ȼ˼ǵң
׵¶һ˿΢ЦźַҲĿͳ
ַĺоЩɬҵȲ֪˷ݣʵ
ڻ˹Ŀ࿴ڶµĹأ̶̵ʱ侹ȻҪƻˣʵûнڷа
׿źַ壬һЩŭˣ
ȱﲻһˣʵЩɶ
ΪԼӵܹصˮǵ»ǲǰһĻ
οľ̫幬Լĸĸ˶ڣ
һҪǳʲôĻɲڵ˻ĵķԼļˣ
ϣʶˣ
ƺһЩԾҪ֪Ժַͺ־˵ĵλĻһǶҪмѵģ
˵ɣʵˣ
ԣҲ̽ԵĿźַʵ
㻹̫幬
ַ忴һ۶ƣҲ̾һ
ʹǱ֮УַͿƶϳⶫƵ³ˣ
ֻǵַ˵ݵһ̣ȫž




2549Ķ
 

ף
˸֣һ̾Ȼһεĳ֣
֮ǰַ庰Ϊʱ򣬶ƾ͸оһĲ죡
Ϊ֪ļ棬ûֵ
˺ַһҲܶνСŵ˵صģ
Ͼǳĵһڣ
գ
ڵ۽֮߿ɼһˣҪǺɱһ̫幬Ļڻĵһأ
ȻˣȻǲ뵽ֵģ
˵ҲΪ׵뿪Բն˼ģ
Ҫ֪̫幬µһƬɽ㹻κĶˣ
ʵȡ֮ģ޴ǰôأ
ȷǾĺܣǲδֱö壬õڵ壡
ϾΪĵһţ绹Ÿٹ̵Ӱģ
ⶫͻȻ֮׻ˣһֺëĸо
ܣԲܣϣĪڸЦɣ
Ƹоһĵսľ׵Ļô֮ǰַ˵군ˣľ군ˣ
Ƕ֪ѾǷˣô컯֮³һطأ
ڶƵⷶΧ֮ڣǲܴڵ飡
һѾɽˣô۷أ
ʷϼأɽǿͲڻصλˣ
ô꣬ɶû˵ĸɽǿ߻صһ˵ģ
ʵϣƵǶԵģ
ֻһˣ˾ǳΪˮػߵף
ַڵϰͷ˵ˣ㻹ǸϽ°ɣ
㡭֡
ɫһĲҰףַ֪ԲԼӿЦģ
龳ǿߣȻ˱˵ǰ
һ˲ģοַûбҪô
СӻǳϢ˰Ȼɳ飬ʵñڿ۽ˡ˱ڻ˵̫幬ĸ
׵ϳֵĶ֮ɫԲԭ˵ģ
ֻ˵ڻҪ֪׷ʲô飿
˻ʱֱӱˣ
룬Լүү
Ҳֻôֱˣ˵֮ǰЩ̫ŵ׵ݵĻôڶƾˣ
кַ壬Լ
ϷĻôϷҲ̫һЩ
ˣ
ֱͨһ˵ϣɪɪģܼҲһ𾪣һ˿ãȻ
Զ
ĿɿڴĿŹ㳡ף
һ̳׵Щˣǰ֮û뵽ȻǴ˵еľ̫幬ף
Ҫ֪һδ棬ķչ
ܼʵҲǾ̫幬ӵãֻܼʵЩĩʶȴ
磬ǡ桭ļٵİ
ϴ˿ɫ䣬óɫ쳣ļ
ܼҵ˰
ЦԭܼҵһΣѣȴܼҳΪӮң
˵ģ˵ܼ飬Ļ¶кܶĽɣ
Ҫ˵һֹطĽˣ
˵ڵţֻҪǰ׵ĻôܼҾǰȫˣ
״ˣ⡭ǵѲ˵Ѿɽ𣿾˵ǶɽҲǾ춯صİ
ҲǼ˵ܹȣҲϵٹⰡ
ӦûˣȻҲ֪Ϊʲô֮ȴҼԶ϶ӦþԺҲҪ˰һЦ
״ˣô˵ܼоˣ
ԼĸףҲǳĺһ
ٵܼҺпܱȣ
̣仯ʵЩ
ڿҪˣҲЦ
ǻȿ˵ɣѪȰû뵽ǾȻλ˵еʵܼҵҰһҲǼЩµ
ǿԼλϿǹ͹һģ֪Ѿǳһչˣ
ڵĶѾŵЩ˵
Ŷף˼̱ڵأ·ǵȴűе̷һ㣡
˵˭ƻ˱µĹأ
׿Ŷƣĺһ㣬̹쳣




2550֮
 

һʣ
Щεѣڿף·ǿһ㣡
ڶ˵ͷûУ
˵Ӱ
׵־ǿߵĴʣ
ƿ׵ĳ֣ЩΡΡ˵ûûУˣҡ
ǲ˵ʵˣ
׿ŶƣϳֳһĨ֮ɫ
ˣҡǴˣ϶Ĺҡҵȣ
ַͺ־ףѾڵɪɪ˵Щ̫ˡ
龳ǿߣȻӣ
ʵ˸оһĲ
ʲôǿߣܹ龳ǿ߱أ
ǰɣ᱾ˣֻˣ
ֻǿ˶һֶۣûж֣һǿѹѾ
¡
ܼ֮֮ʱǶƾͺǱʲô˺һ㣡
ڿмѹ漴ѿ
һѪȵζƮɢڿУһѪĸо
𺳲ѣ
ܼҴ˿̶סǰľ˵֮ǰǻλһǿһЩĻ
ôѾǳ׵ʧˣ
ǿʵ̫ǿˣ
Ƕûп׶һָͷӵ徳ڵĶѾûɱˣ
ûκεףһоͺûзһ㣡
ŶƱĪֱֶնɱַͺ־ԭŵ弸֮Ҫ£
ǵʵڣǿܹס
˿ֵַ̣һ˿˿ϣѾˣ
ԭǻΪ׻пǼٵģϾѾǿôܳǵأ
Ǹղ׵ֶΣǾǿߵֶΣ
Ժַͺ־ֵ龳ʵҪɱһλ񾳽Ҳǲܣ
ֶΣ
ַͺ־һ֮г˿־֮⣬ѾûĶˣ
Ƭ̹
׿źַ嵭˵ʲô֣
ССҲڳϺַ壬λҵĵܵܺ־
ַͺ־ɫҰףҪ֪вף
ֵܿνܹȳ̶ȾǷǳĲ׵ģ
ҲǸϧ
ʵϣڣҪԸ̫幬˲࣡
ϾȻϲǵĿ겻Ϊ˳
һͳķʲôսĻʱ֣
˭ܱ֤Լһ֮дأ
Ǵʱ򻹲˷Ը
ֻܶɼģ׵ҵĻôһлòͬ
ǵ׸ոһͳͷˣöܶҰļҲ뷨
Ȼ֮ǰĵһ׷ȴתģ
˭Ҫưһ˭Ҫʷ
ȻⶫƲ˵Ǿ˵ɣǻشñ⣬ǲǡ
׿źַͺ־û˿ı飡
˿̵ϲǱ
ַ廹δ˵꣬Ѿǿͷлʣֵܶ˶֪޲޲аֵܶԸ
̫幬ذδڸʲô
׵ĵһⲢʵڵ飬ذδ룡
Ҫ֪ذδǵڵڣ˼ĻôԼļ˿ľΣˣ
ذˣ
ַ忴ף̵
ˣⲻ̫ܰɣ绹ܹذδ룿
ʵȻ̫ţ
嵽ʲôҵȲ֪ҵ׶˵ӦǼٲˣַ
Ҳ֪ȻذδˣΪʲôһ¾̫幬أʵ
⡭ڽѾ˹̫幬Ĵˣ
ַ˿Ҳǲκε˵ƺʲôҪ
Ϊλڴ˴׳ʵ
ַ̾һƸıǾ蹩׻ӦһĶڶĿ֮˰ɣ
һԵĺ־Ҳǵ£ʵҵҲȲѣһŵͷĻٿأҵǲӣѾûκεѡˣ
ȲѣߣԺڷֶΪŰնģɡ
ԩͷծ
ײɱΨǴӵˣ˭ͷǱ֮أ
࡭лҵԺЧ
ַͺ־סĳ׿ͷ
ܿ죬ǱܼҵĿ֮Ķӣ
˿̣˵Ǽһ
׿ȥķҲһĨ̹ǵЦݣ
ϤЦݣ֪׵һǿ϶Ҫùˡ




2551ܼԵ
 

ܼ̳
˿ǰһĻ˶оһѪȣ
ʲôǸ֣
ĸ֣Ҳֻ²ܹɾ˵İҵ
Ȼֻܼ壬ȴԨԴⲻò˵ҲһԵˣ
׵ӣܼ֮˶ǲΡΡĲҿǰ
֮ǰѾЩ֪׵֮Ҳˣ
ףλһͳɽİ
˭ָǰأοܼ壿
峤ڵ鷳Ȼǽ׿˵
ҲңѾǰܼҶȹѹأҵЧ
ڳ˱֮⣬ʵ벻ʲôܹģ
ʵϣԼҲ֪˵϶ǿп޵֣
Цŵ峤ؽţԭǱĴһͳЩ֮û뵽һ棡
ǧô˵һͳ磬Ϊʿһƽ·Ǹмأ
һô˵ҲŵĸϽڰ֣
ʵû뵽İȻ˵ͣҪ֪ǿһ!
磬Ҳһɱϵ
Ժܶȷܵ˹ƻģã
ЦŵܼȻʵǿɹȴǱƽ峤֮Ӻǧ֮£˿ûû׻ߵķ緶һ㱾ܹӺСǿ֮ģ
ҡ֮ǰ֮Ҳһ˵ҾܼѾûκεϣҪΪܼһЩȴǰȻǡ
ɫһ죬ֲ˼֮ǰӦôˬ죡
գһ۾綼˼ҵˣ
˼һῴⵯ֮Ȼǲܵģ
˻󵱳һ˼ߣҲֻܹһˣ
Ҳ˵ǵż񰡣
֣
һԼĶǱ˵ӣҲЩ۵
ڵԼĶӺŮʱûڵϣȴϣľԩˣ
׹һЦû뵽ǵеλͦߵİڣ벻
˵ǡ
һ׵Ļ˶
ԼĶӺŮıʶĻԺܼ¾Ǻˣ
Ȼˣ츳Ȼ˵ǺǿǴﵽ龳Ҳѣ
׵˵⻰һܼ˽Ǳ
龳
ǿļˣȻ˵ѣ
磬³֮⣬Ҳû˸˵˿Ļˣ
룬ζ밡
һֱˬ֮ˣ׵ĻҲǼѣ
Ҫ֪Ҳڣ˵׾һС
ʵǿ֮ˣ֮һ㣬ʵ̫̫ˣ
龳ĸ֣Ǿ֮ˣ
ܼһӳλ龳ĸֵĻ˵ģܹһУ
ܼ֮ΪԻ͵ʱҪܶܶ࣡
Цŵʱޣ峤ֵܶ˴ﵽ龳Ҳ飬ЩҩǳΪǿߡֻǳһ;վǿԼģ
ಣ
˵ĸǰЩҩǶСɽһ㣡
ĿɿڴܿЩҩʧˣ˿ѾǶһöָ
л
֮ɢ˷ܵĹâôҲû뵽Ƕзݣ
ôĵҩҪľʱˣ
ղŴԵĿһ£ЩҩһĵҩһЩϼѾǲˣ
ȻǱԵ֣οܼΪǱƽأЦŵ
һҲǼ˵ҵȶȻճΪĸ֣Ϊƽһ
Цŵɣܹʲô̶ȾͿǵ컯ˣ
ڣ⡭ôܣ
סſˮԭΪҪԼĶӺŮ
ڿƣƺҪڶʱɣ
ǵ߸˼άģ
ûзӦôҲûȻ˵Ļ
𾪣
˼飡
ѲҪǿǵʵ
׳ܼ䳡ķ˹ȥֵܺҲǸȥ




2552ֱ
 

һ;
ǿʵûУ龳ֵר
οǿ˵ʵԼ˵Ҳһּģ
һ£龳򲻵ѵǾԲܸʵģ
ǰλ˵ɵģǸûˣ
ܼ֮˲Ÿо𾪵ĺܣ
Ҳû뵽Ϊܼṩ˴ϧĵҩȻҪǿԼʵ
һʱ䣬ҲЩȦ
ʵϣʵ˵ʲô£
Ҫ֪׿ɵۼǿߣ˵ǰ˵ʵˣɽ֮˵ʵҲ飡
˵˵ʵ˵ֻһС£
£һԵ֣
Ҳ׵ķˣ׹㲥ԵҲһģ
ҽɣ峤ȶȺ򼴿ɣ
׿ҲЦȻ˵ʵ˵򵥣
ΪķѵʱһЩ״ʵ
ֻҪиĹ򣬵ʱʵӦܹһŵĲΣ
ȻˣνĺҲ˵ģ
Ҫǵɽ磬ʲô龳ǲеսѣ
æĵͷҲڴ
ԼĶֻһССĲΣҲʡȥٵĿ޲ǣ
οڣǵڴȻǸ֮ǰһˣ
磬ǽȥˣǾߵţϿҲЩĽ˵
ʲô˼ҵĺӣ
ҲԼĶӺŮģֻĶӺŮȴûĻᣡ
ȻĽȴҲż
ԼĶӺŮһЩŲôĵҩ˵龳ĲΣӦûģ
һЦӵǲԭҲΪһܼҿ϶ڽˡû뵽Ȼ˴֮е
磬˼ҵڴǵܹһʲôˣ
һĽ˵Ӧò̫ģ
ЦЦνˣ֣ôҲľɣ
˼ֱܹһ磿ʡȥʮĿް
ЦֻҪܼҵܹʵǶܼ˵Բǻ£
Ǿ͵ſɣҹӦòֶ࣬ͨ죬ͻƵľ磬Ҳпܵģ
磿⡭Щ˰ɣ
ϵĿ⳯濴˹ȥ˶ھڴһ̣
֮У
ֱӽ֮У˿ǰľҲЩ㵲ѣ
֮оȻһˣҲĿɿڴ
֪׽Ǵһʲôط
ϥСѭ᱾ֱඥֱӹ䵽ǵľ֮УҪľǲϵͻԼ
׿
׵ͷ֪ˡ˵ǿʵᵼ¾粻ȡ
Ҳƾ˵ģ
ȷ
ǿеʵĻȷ׵¾粻ȣ߻ħΣգ
׹һЦʶǲİɣһԸǽÿһ㾳ĸ򣡣
ǰǰҲǼ
ٺһЦһﵹлԵȻʦˣǻʲôϽİɡ
˲ֱϥ
ˣ
һɹʵʵֱӰסˣ
ǳ۾һ˵ڣ
˲䣬һɱŰ˵ɢ繥ǵʿһ㣡
һԻĽҪһЩ׿νϵ޷죡
ʱһһƮ
˿׺鵹Ե쳣ɣͲڸǿʵ˵Ц
Ǵ˿վһԵĻĿɿڴģ
Ϊ˿̵˾ǻһԼʵ
ڡ
ڡ

ÿһ磬ͣʱԲʮ죡
ѾǶ徳۷״ֻ̬һĳΪ龳ǿߣ
ɷˣ
¡¡
˵Ｘͬʱ֮һεĻָ˾Ȼͬʱﵽ龳ڵĲΣ
ܵɢȥҲͬʱ˫ۣ
ǸԼʱ˵Ŀ֮Ѿǲ˾֮ɫ
һ̣
Ѿǳϵĸǰ




2553ܼ
 

ܼã
ʱһζȴ쳣Ŀܣ
õĸǰôվţȻǲ֪ʲôʱ
Ǿһֱȥ
ֻû뵽̶̵ʱ䣬Ѿǳˣ
ס塭
˿̷âȥһ˿ֵķ緶
ǿʵȻǿţ
Ҳ𾪵Ըӵĵز
龳ڣ
˾Ȼͬʱﵽһ̶ȣʵ𾪲ѣ
ѾΪĸˣʶɱ䣡
ǡôͳˣ
ԼĶӺŮҲ΢Щʧ
ȥʱԽʱͻƵļʲԽ
ֻǽȥʱ䣬нܹʲôطȥأ
һԵɻĿףʵҾȻЩˣ⡭ô£ǲŽȥʱ䰡
壬ǵʵҪǿˣȻǿ˰
˿ҲЦЦôĿģ
δйôһ̣˵ţڵҪֹвźã
𾪵ʵ㡭˵ʲô˵ʵ嶼Ҫˣǿ۷尡
ףܹǵʵ𣿡һԿЦ
ǵʵ⡭⻹ǿѲʲôǵϢɣ
üʵܹ뵽ΨһĽˣ
˵ö̶̵ʱԼĶӺŮǽٴҲԲܽôɣ
ԣԼĶӺŮӦӵĳЩ
״ˣûиϢԼԼϢ㿴ҲǺأ
ԼĸףЩƤ˵
һԵҲЦ֪֪Ļǵ°ҲҪ㵵ĵ˰ɣ
Ͽ˵ڵʲôʵˣŪĶģϽ˵ɣ
һҲǵ۾ԼĶӺŮʵϻҪţ
һЦ˵壬ǲ²¿
£ô°ӲҪҲµĻҹӦ龳ĺڣ
ϾѾԼܹļˣʵԼĴ²ĻҲͲ²һ龳ĳڣ
ֻԼĴ綼ԼĴ龳ĳڣ
Ҳҧҧ²һΪļޣ
һԵͷҿҲˡ
ٺ٣ҪһЩأЦŵ
ɱ忪̰ôأ龳ĺڣҲǴ󵨵Ĳ²ˣ
ԼŮһӣҲǾ㵵˵
һԵʿˮǡ˼Ѿﵽľ磿⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣȻĪֶΰ
徳ܼжûгĸְ⡭ģ
ԼŮҲǼʵ
徳һ΢΢ҡͷ
Ǹ˵Ϳˣղ˵ı龳һЩǲ徳ʲôأ
˿ѪڣֻЩ벻ף
ʵѹûг龳ȥ롣
Ͼ˵ʵ̫ңԶˣҲ龳ѣ
Ҫܹ龳ĸֵĻʵ̫ˣ
״ˣǾͲˣҸ綼Ѿ龳ĸˣ
ͬʱͷųԼѹһ̣ϵɫѾǱֱ䣡
ɫǺ죡
ɫѾǱóޱȣóǼģ
ð̣
ڵ뷨ܼҲ壬ɺ˳٣
һεĳĸ֣λ龳ĸ֣
Ҫǣ˻ԼĶӺŮ
ܼΣ֮ʣʵΪ
ͨһ
װڰֵˣܼӦдһԵҲԵֵˣϣ磬λܹͶƣΪԼĹף
ܼ˻Ҫ˵һЩʲôȴ˵仰֮Ѿǳ׵ʧܼҵķΧ֮ڣ
ȥıӰһεĳ׵ķ
Ե֣ܼҳ׵ĸıǵˣ
˿̵ȴѾǳž̫޹ķ򼲳۶ȥ




2554ϱץ
 

̫幬
ľ̫幬Ȼӿһɴսڼȴÿһ˵ϣ
Ҫ֪ǰ
̫幬ǻΪǿţһͳ磬ŷɥ
ɽȥʱ䣬յٹѾǲˣ
ھ̫幬ĺܶ˵ǲܹܵһʵ
ʵʵǲܽܣҲʵ
̫幬
ذδ뿴ȥɫҰףȻǱߣȴѾЩĸо
ΪΪǿɢ֮һذδԼû뵽Լӣ
˾ȻǶ峤룡
ţ
λ̫޹ĸҲΪ˾̫幬ĸ
ʵȴһֱͣ龳ĳڣ
Ȼʵȥܲʵڸ֮ȴҲ㲻ʲôǿߣ
žذδķڣɫص˼㣡
ˣЩûУ
ſذδ룬Ҳǹеʵ
Ҫ֪ذδھ̫幬Ҳϣ
ذδ棬ȴδȡ̫幬֮
ذδʱˣˣȻĴɢɰңʵǿɶ
ˣ˷ҪǾ̫幬ǡǿ²ǵĶְ
Ŵ˿ȫޣΪذδˣҲоһĵģ
ķأذδʵ
ַһᵽϵʱɫˢһ¾ͱˣ
ţ׳ʲô飿
ذδһŵɫ֪ãҲŭһʵ
ֻһŭذδһҵĿԣȥ쳣ʹ಻
̷ذδǧҪˣҡҵȲӲҪĸˣ
˶Ͻ˵ô£֮ʣȫ˽ҵУκһ˳飬ôأ
ذδֵͷʮֵ棡
ֻҪӦ飬ûзڵĻ˵
뿪ڣΪ˾̫幬ѾǽԼǾ̫幬ˣ
ֻڵľ̫幬ҪԼˣź
̫幬ûб׵ļ˶µĻľˣ
ſذδˣµĴ֮ǰַҪȥһˣԭǲͬģַ˷˵Ҫ׽һˡ
֣漸ȫڵˣⲻ뻢𣿡
ذδһѪ˳֮дһĨ⣡
ŵĸϽµˣ֪ˣ
ʲôʱ飿ذδʵ
һ֮ǰſذδС˵
һڣֱǸַʧôã㾹ȻǺξģ
ذδ볹׵ŭˣû뵽ŵĵӾȻ֮
ôҪ鶼Լ
ſɥˣƢ֪ģǸĻǡǿ¡
ˣѾˣʲôİ취ȥֲһڵ˸ɵģûʲôϢ
ذδȻŭδƺҲ侲
ŵͷˣΪ£žԲ߶ˣַ˴˿֮̾⡭
֮⣿ǻϽذδҪ˵׼ӪȣɫһĪڵҪҵȴ򿪻ڴ󣿡

źݺݵĵͷ̫幬ʲô
ʵϾµڴ
Ȼ濴֣ʵڵҪ̫幬Ҳûʲôܵģ
һڴ󣬿¾ͻڵ˾ˣ
ڳ飬ذδ֪ˣ
ذδɫһСӣ֮ǰôûпóһﾹȻǱأȻһŮвҾ̫幬
ˣô죿ĭʵ
ñ˼һ򿪻ڴ϶ǲеģһζĿ̫幬ǵ˵ĳ룬ǿ϶ҵƢ
ذδɫֳһĨ֮ɫ
ˣ̫幬ĻҵǴ򿪻ڴ󣬿¾ͻᱻҳӸó˰
ſذδҰ׵ɫҲǳ
˼ǲַˣذδһ
ҡҡͷԸԼȥַ˵
Ѿǽ֮ˣɡذδ뿴ţƺоԼЩҲЩ˼
ֻǲ֪˿׾⣡




2555¼ذδ
 

̫幬
ذδִǾȻΪ˿
ʵϣذδ벻˵Ļ϶ɱϸ
Ȼذδû񣬿˼˵Լôܹأ
ԼˣҲܵʲô˺ģ
״˿̾վ⣬ڵذδţ֮бһɳķŭ
ϣԼŮˣȻץˣ
ǿ벻̣
״δйһ˵ķŭ
֨
ذδķŴˣ
˭
ذδ֮һĨ֮ɫʵȻûз˾⣬ֱǲŰ
ذδǿǾ˺üɢ֮ٵˣ
տյӣذδŻ࿴һۣҲǴӶԷ֮пһĨ𺳣
ŭһ˭Ҿ̫幬˵ķ
ţδƢǴ˲ٰ
׵ЦӺ洫˻ذδҲЦ
㡭㡭㡭
ſ׵Ӱ˺üΣȻûκεķӦ!
֡⡭ôܣ
ذδҲҪ֪ǿۿ׷ɽİ
ɽ֮˾˻ĳǵĸǰôܲأ
ο׶ɽʵܶ˲֪ʲô
ʧˣʧӰ٣
˭Ҳ֪ǳɹĶɽˣɽٸɵˣ˵硣
˭¶Ϊ磡
ذƺܵĲᰡϡ˴룬ڲƵĻ³Ųʱ䰡
׿ذδ룬ҲЦŵ
֡ڿɲǹƵʱ⡭𣿡
ذδ뿴ףһεȷϵ
Цŵʱ䣬Ѿ˷˰û뵽ذ˰Щ߲
ˣǷѲʧˣ
žΨһĽˣΪڵӦøذδһɽʧܣ
ŵĵһӦӦɢɣ
ŵĻذδҲ𾪵Ŀ׵ˣҲһΪɢɰɣ⡭⵱Ƕɽٳɹİ
ɵһ˵ɣţղ˵ǵϣ
׿ţҲǳʵ
ŭһǸˣֻҪ̫幬ˣȰΧɱΪ˵⣬Ǿ̫幬һڵʱ䣬һ֮ǲ򿪻ڴĻǡ
ʲô
ţ˿˭ҲóѾǵ˱ŭļˣ
ڡˣ˵ǴӦĻʱͰǹ˷˵Чȣ
˵֮Ҳ͵͵Ŀһף
ֻ׵֮вδκεķŭһĨŹֵЦݣ
ذδŭԼǰʯ㲻ذδҲ޿ܿŷ裡
ذȻ֪һڵʱ䣿Ҳˣ׵˵ڵĵ֮ӦǾһذ
ңͲҪƽ޹ʵĺķˣѾûϣˣҵʵǻ·ĻѾûˣ
ذδԼĶǳȷ
ʵɢɵʵûɽ־εĻǿ϶ûϣˣ
ʵˣĲ𣬾Ͳ̸ˣ
ʵԼǿģ磬Ҳ޼
Ҷɢɼײβ֣
£ذδѾǳ׵ķˣ
̫幬ǱĶ˵ˮˣ
ʱ׵Ļع飬ذδԼģ
ԼƵĻƽ޹ʵ׵ʵ
ǺǣС⣬գ֮ͿԸ㶨ˣ
׹һЦڶ˵ذδ黹ľգ֮飡
οɵۼʵ˵νɢˣ
ˣҪҲ׾ٵ顣
գ֮䣿Ǹ˵
ذδû뵽׳Ϊɢ֮󣬾Ȼ˴ţˣ
ˣ
һǿδ֪Ѿǳذδ֮бڶȥ
˿̵ذδŵһůζ
о𾪵ǣԼľ͵ȻۿɼٶڲϵĻָţ
δŵϣ
ذδоһ㵵ͬʱ׵ҲѾǱĿֲˡ




2556¾ôκˣ
 

̫幬
ذδɫĺ󣬶оԼѾǽĿʼָˣ
Ҫ֪֮ǰ밵㣬ټڶĸΧ
ذδƾԼǿʵͱˣ
ԼӳˣذδĵＸ٣ľҲѾ޷޸ˣ
׷
ذδԼѾǳ׵Ĳκεϣˣ
֪ԼҲ֪ûܹƵԼ
ڿ׻һ̣ذδҲһһĸо
ΪоԼصǿжˡ
ֻذδôҲû뵽λȻգ֮Լٻ忪ʼ˺תļˣ
˼飡
ذδ˿̼ǵԼ۾յĹԲ
ذɫö˰
ſذδ룬Ҳ𾪵Ŀǰľ
˵Ȼ֪ذδҪԣû֮ǰҲĸо
ǿľ̫幬Ϊذδĵ£ý㣡
һ̣ˣ˾޴ϣذһӻָ˺ܶ࣡
ִӵõĸоʵ̫ˣ
ذδ뼤˵ҡҵĵﾹȻҪ޸ˣ⡭ֱǲ˼鰡ôģѲκˣ
⣡
ذδʵǲ⵽ô£
ϾɢɵݣѾΪǿĴ֮һˣ
û뵽׾Ȼ˵ֶΣ
׵˵ذһ֮ڱԻָˣ㣬̫幬Ϊ˲̶̼Ĺ򣬾Ȼ
ذϹҵΰʵû뵽ⶫ뾡Ȼᡭ
ذδ̾һ˵ʱҲ쳣ķŭ
һԵŵˣذʵûʲôϵҵҲǳ˶İ
ذδʵŶǶ֣Ϊʲôذϻأ
׿ذδ룬Ҳǳʵ
ذδ˵ҲҴˡⶫħڸҾ̫幬ԭΪǶѣԲδû뵽ħ֮˾Ȼʹħɢ
ħɢüͷƺδ˵
һԵŵħɢħƵĶ˵ҩҩЧʱ䲢ҲͶ̶̼ӵʱ䣬ȴܹʱڷסϵĹ
ȵҩⶫΪܹնɱҲɷѿ˰
ȻЦ˵֮ȴһŨҵɱ
ǿҵȿҲñâذδ뿴ףҲǵ
˻ǵϣҡҵȸӵĲˣ
һ뵽ϵ飬˶оһĲˣ
޷ҵļ˻𣿡׿ʵ
˷֮⣬˵ȶںɽ֮κε쳣
ſףҲǼᶨ˵
ϱǸץˣǵҪʲôأüʵ
޷ǾҪǴɽţ֮ǰµĻڴʵ̫ˡҲûκεİ취ֻܹд򿪻ڴˡΪ˵ĻǸȫǺĵġ
ذδ뿴ף˿ҲЩ
ɢǿߣ˰ڼſڣȥܴ谡
ɶǿذδȻϲԸϣʵҲ֪ڵľ̫幬˼һһĲģ
Ͼľ̫幬һͳʱ̫ˣνһͳֻΪף
һߣЩҰĲôŹûأ
״µĽɽ˭ܹõ˭µİ
ǵ궫Ǿ̫幬Ļһл˵
ɵ궫벻ǸȻһ֮еȨ͵λɾͲһˣ
ֻпܼסذδ룬ڶ¾Ͳôˣ
˳ҲڣǸ˲ٵĻ°׵֮дһĨ޵ɱ
ǰ˼ֱûнƶĹطСǶɽ磬ڻˣҲǷ߷߲ƽ˵
֮ǰףǽһ⣡
ϧ˼֮󣬾̫幬ƺоЩ֧Ųסˡ
ô죿ҪǷǵУҪȻĻƴһұ֤ƥ䲻źã
ذδ֮д޾ķŭͬʱҲһ˿ԥ֮ɫ
ˣȥǰɡ
׿ذδ룬Ҳһ˿ĪЦݣ
һԵذδ׵Ļ˼ͬʱ׼ˣ
Щˣ׾ȻֱӳȥȻǸ




2557ݳлͷ򸾵Ұ
 

̫幬ţ
һ㱯Ϣԭܶ˼˾̫幬Ϊ׺ŵǿ
û뵽һͳţȻڶ̶̵ļ֮ڼҪڣ
תһӻԽܣ
ټذδˣܶþ̫幬ˣ
ɸݳлִƣϾ˴ҪԵԼΪ֮ˣ
ڴΪ˾̫幬ıɡذδڵľ̫幬ҲЩ˿õĸо
ݳлֻܹеˣ
ݳл͵ԱվŵıŮ˳ѣɫҲ쳣أ
лͣعﱻץӦô찡
ѿݳл֮ͣҲǴһ˿֮ɫ
ݳлͳŸѾȥʾˣΨһôöˣҵΰ
ѵͷԴɽ磬Ǿ̫幬һ겻һ˰
̫幬ʢһʱʵϿıĸǵذͶƥҲǿϣֻˣⶫЩ޼ɵ
ݳл͵ĻȻҲͬģֻ֮еĵǸ
ѳлͣŵ˽ĵزʲô㣿
ѣҶɽʱ֮ȥݳлͻǸѾŹ
ݳл͵Ŀдżᶨ֮ɫȻҲ֪ľ̫幬Щ֮ĸо
ԸһޣҲԸǱ֮ˣ
ѵĿдһ˿͵лͣ㲻ҳѿϵˣΪ㽾
ѣҵȿˣˮھˣҶ鵭˵ĵطվڲ𣿡
ݳл͵˵ѡҲѡ
ѵͷ嶼ûˣǺʲôأ
ݳлͳһڣټַ˱ץڿҪ˰
ǰŻڴĻЩ˸κβǣعﱻץǴǵ߰˿ҲΪѵĺܣ
̾һԭǾЩڿȥǸӵıˣ
ݳл͵ΣַһҪȣֻϣܹ¾ϰ
ˣҿ¡
ЩüĿݳлͣǶԾ̫幬ûĻһذδˣ
ذδû˵Ļôӵһսһ˲̫
أ
ذˣ̫幬ǿսݳлԼˣ
ѹҲǷǳĴҲΪʲôŵһߣȴоһԭ
¡¡
ݳлͺͳѿ汻ڿе˵ʱȴ̫幬ĻڴѾܵ˾ҵĹ
ֻȹȻǿ󣬵Ǿ̫幬ĵƺЩľˣ
Щÿһʱ䶼飬һʼܶ˶Ļڴƣ
һʱ֮Ƿ֣Щ˶ԻڴĹƺ͸һĲ
ö֮ܶ˶Ǿ˾ù
ҲǼֲˣ
ݳлͿǰ˵ӣüѣⶫַ˿϶ҪһЩµģħڵļɢɲ
лͣΨһİ취ǹ֮У紵ԿȻһǿ˻ڴ󣬿½ʲôӦҲ֪İɣ
ѿݳлͣҲ֪Ѿǵ᧿Σĵزˣ
Ȼ֪ȥǰ취ַ˾ǵУһʲôĻ¡
ݳл͵Ƶľǰ˵ϣ
Ļ˾߸ҲûʲôϵǸôô
̫幬ԴԹʹõģʲôأ
˾ôܹģҲĲ֮ðɣ
Ҫھͺˣһнİ취ģ
ʱǻףΪƺûʲô׽˵ģ
Ѿôܳطݳл΢΢һ̾
ѵͷǰֻôһ˵Ϊ֪
ףղ˴ųȥˡݳлͻδ壬Ӱ˳ȥ
ذôȥˣлͣ׷ʲô鰡
ѿݳлҲǵǵʵ
ɾݳл͸Ҫ˵ЩʲôʱȴһӰĳԼķ˹




2558˵ܲ٣ܲٵ
 

̫幬ţ
Ѷ棬ݳлǲסԼ۾ĸоԼ˴һ㣡
˵ܲٲܲٵ
ղųѻ˵ھͺˣݳл;ͷԼƺһĻþ
ȻԼķ߹ˣ̫˼ˣ
ѣ㡭㡭
ݳл˵Щ߶£ƺоʲôµһ㣡
Ѳδͷлͣ㡭㿴ذȻȥˣ⡭ⲻ뻢𣿸οذδˡ
ȱ̸ˣ㡭㿴˭ˣ
ݳлקקһԵĳѣЩ
û
Բд
ǰ֮˾ˣһȫԴƱģ
ףԲϴģ
ֻʵЩ˼飬Ϊ׸ܻط
֮ˣôأ
ôУҲûпĸɽܹ֮ģ
⼸Լ׳ɵһˣݳлͿ׵ʱԺ֮ҲǷٵţ
лͣʲô˵أǾ̫幬ѲɻҲʶ㡭
ѻתͷǵ׵һɲǣ
׻һĶǸط˵ˣ
ݷˣ겻λǶĺܰ
׿ݳлͺͳѣµĿЦ
Զϱڰ֮УҲδ̳֣
ˣ桭𣿡
ѿףҲǼĲ֪˵ʲôˡ
һԵݳлҲʿˮҲΰɣˣǷɽôѲɵʧˣ
ܵģôʧأ
ƶ˵Ӧǲܻʧܵģ
ݳл͵ɴӿףЦŵЩһ仰仰Ҳ˵Ҳû뵽˾Ȼ˷
ˣǾͺˣǶֱ޲磬˷ŹһĻһˣ
Ҳŭ˵׵ĵƺһһ
ݳл͵ü֮һĨǳһҲɢȥ˺ܶ࣡
ȻЩģ׵Ļع飬һ˺ܶ࣡
ݳлͿ׵ˣַ˱˸ץˣ̫ˡ
ǺǣȻˣûܹ˾̫幬һһľ
ع飡
׵һ仰ֱݳлͺͳѸоѪܣ
Ǹֻ߳ˣȻôĿԸȴݳлͺͳѸоһ
ǸǵҲ׵ţ
ݳл͵ͷһҵȱ׷ˣɱذѪɺӣҪҾ̫幬ҲøѪĴۣ
лͣʱͲҪˣˣ򲻿ɴⰡѲɲ֪ذʵıħڵļɢɼĸ󰡣Щ˿Ľӽ˵ǿߣǡǻôӳǰ
ѿݳл;ȻҪǰȥƴҲǵ۾ݳлͣ
ݳлͷҡҾôһ˵ѣʵǿᣬɢΣ
ֻһɢɣҲֹˣذˣһôܶԸôɢǿأǿҲֻܹâˣ
Ѿ׾ǿԸ龳ںڵǿ߲ڻ£
ҪԸǿɲͨˣı֮龳ڻҪǿһЩɢǿ߰
ħɢɣصĻĺܰЦһ
ǰħһֱԴ񶫷Ϊħܹȡð֮λڼҪ˦ħڵˣ˦ˣ
ݳл˵ⶫңԼʱڿܹԼ˰ɣ
ǺǣɢɣУǱQһɣ쵹ҪܹQʲôţ񡭡˵
ݳл͵ˣһοɲǸħ֮˺ʹһ֮ˡ
һλֵĺܰ
׵Ŀ΢䣬Ҳһ˿ѰζЦݣ
ȻҪøһˣ
ֻԶΪ׵ǰˣڻ֪ΣѾǽǵˣ
һ̣
еĿⶼ˶ŵϣ
˶û뵽ذδžȻֱ㶵ľͳ˳ȥû˿ĵ֮ɫ
뿴ذδˣüͷҲǽ
з




2559
 

̫幬֮⣡
վԶڶԸĸ֣
ЩҰĲϣŶĺȡ̫幬
ҲܹٶȻԴһˣ
ԽǵĺڣԽϣԴϵб
˭ϣʱأ
Ϊߣӵ뷨ʵҲǺģϾһǿʳ磡
㲻ԸϣҲʵ˵ĵط
һеǰʲôǶǰ£һЩǾˣ
˵ڵĶ룬ûĻȫԳΪİ
ֻڽҪˣ
ʵذδ˴򿪻ڴûбκεϣ
Ϊ׷ˣǰϵŮʲôôأ
Ȼ˽ذδģ¹ŵΪһѾ֮˵Ůˣô϶ǲֵõģ
ϣ
˿ҲЩڲ֮ǰȥ׽ҲΪһЩ飡
û뵽ԼȻ˸ץˣ
ϼûȨ
ϸоһİգذδŷԾʱסҡԼͷ
ֻϧϾһжѾˣ
ذǲҪңúñˡ
Ͽذδվ֮⣬Ҳǽһ˵
һŻڴƣ
飬˵Ҳ֪ôһˣ
ǰն˵ҪȥˣʱѲⶫ뻹ݻɽɣ
ʵϣ۾̫幬εЭʵѾעˣ
Ȼ˵ĻϾΪʲôҪΪԼڴأ
ַˣ԰꣡
ذδ뾡Ըַ緶ԭƺһεĻصϣ
뿴ذδ룬Ҳ¶һ˿Цݵذû뵽ָĵͦ찡
ȻЦ棬ʵ϶ѾǾѣ
Ҫ֪֮ǰذδħɢ֮󣬱ĴɢΧһξ𰡣
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ذδѾûκεսˣ
ЩذδһֱǱŲѾ֪ذδ˵飡
ǵһʱѣ
ڿذδ·͸ûһվԼĸǰ
Ҳǿһ£üͷ
ذδ뿴Ŷ뵭˵ɶ峤ôħڸΧڣֻϧȻδ
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뵭˵ƺذδģ
ϸҪڣذδһֻ֣һֹͣȻ룬ڿ̫幬ɽһͳǿɽ֮٣Ҫ벶ȸں󣬿²װɣ
ذδ룬վ˵۰Ϊ̫幬ӵԴȨأʲôһСӶѣɢɷϣˣЩ˻Ƿǳϣģ
뿴ذδ룬鿴ȥЩ
ذδ˵ɽ˵飬ʲôĽڣҲزҰĲɣ
ˣذδ룬Ϊ˸⳪̨Ϸİɣûй߳
ԵʮֵĲͷ˿ذδΧѾǲˣ
ذδ뵭˵峤ƺЩסȻڳˣǱȻֻȥģַҴˣһˡ
ذδ룬ûлɣһЩɵ˰Ȼ˭ǵ˭㶼ֲˣ㻹ͬ鰡
¶һ˿мЦذδ뵱滹ΪǸ߸ϵǸʩľ̫幬ɣ
ľ̫幬Ҳ
룬ӣ
ذδ뿴Ŷ룬ЩŶ˵
һЦǼһҲ֪Ƿ˻Ǳɽٿˣһ࣬ǲڻˡذδ룬ȰҲϽưɡ
룬㲻ȰǾͲҵˣֻ⼸ɫΪǻǱĶ֣οˡ
ذδĿŶ룬ֻһϯöһԵһӴʧɫ
׻ˣ
Ϣˮըһ㣬Ⱥ֮зһ֮




2560¼Ҽҳ
 

ôܣǸɱôܻأ
ǰײǷɽ𣿾Բܻģ
ʧ˭Ҳ֪Ƕɽٳɹ˻ʧ˰
ǰײδɽٳɹأذδһ
ĺ棬һ˵ѾǸоˣ
Ϣʯƾһ㣬ΧЩ߻أ
Աߣɫ৵һӾͱˣ
һħڵļƤҲǶ˶ȻϢƺΪ̸۵Ľ֮ڣ
״ˣ׾Ȼˣ
λڵʵҲǶҪΪĻˮ
궫벢ҪôǶȴģ
ĵһɵȴø첻ϣܸأ
ҲΪһֱ룡
һ˾Ƕ
ڵĶ֮ˣ˭Ҳ֪ʼֵǶ
ʳӣ
ʵҲǱԼһĸųǰߵģ
Ļ»ھ̫幬Լĸأ
˵Ӧòܣ׷ɽ磬ȻĪʧˡһֻֿԣһֱǷˣһֱˣ
峤еֿԣǱҵһɢɡ
Աߣħڳ飡
ǵħʵľذδʮֵƣ
ֻʵ֮ذδ뻹Ҫôһߣ
鿴ӵĴɢɼĸ֣ǺҲܹ˺ˣ
׵֣ƺΪ˵ʣ
һ֣ԭ޼ɵϳֳһĨŹ֮ɫ
£
һ̼˶óеĵǣ
Ͼһͳĳǿߣʲôʱһʮ岻
ɢɣɢɣҲǸոճΪɢɶѣλǾüٵɢˣĪǻһɢɲɣ
֮ƺԥĺܣֲΪģ
ԣⲻذδһսѣ
ףôŶײܳĳϵģ
״ˣĳˣ¾Ҫ˰
޿ܣذδҪҵͶѣôϵأ
ҲǸһοӦòܳߣ
ذδ뿴ŶӣҲǹһЦ룬һܹҲ˵أ
ذδ룬߸ԻڣѾǷɽ磬ôʱأҪֵĻͳˣڵȵڣ
ŭһذδϷˣԼ
һԵϣֵʱ˶оһļѣ
ذҡҼҷĻ˵ģ˵ġ
ϴ˿Ҳĸоֻ֪һе滹Ǽٵģ
벻ţʵҲĻˣ
Ͼ׷ɽҲôһʱ䣡
ذδ볯ϵͷѾˣˣȵǱ㡭
ذδ룬㻹Ļᳪ˫ɰǻˣΪʲô֣
Цһ
룬ϣҳǰɣȻ˵ĻǱڱԸ
̤У
һӰһ㣬˵ĸǰ
λΪǿһһεĳ˵ĸǰ
𾪡šã
ָı˵ϣ˶סĿŸ߸ϵף
һ̣֪ʲôǿˣ
׳ֵһ̣ȫһƬž
ǽ㣬绹˭ܹڶĸֶҳأ
Ͷɫˢһ¾ͱЩҰף
׳ˣĳˣ
֮ǰеĲ²һֱӻΪӰҲֱöõ뵽˵֮У
û뵽Ļ˰ֱ̫Ϸ绯ˣ
ڻˣЩǰ˵ڿԷˣ
˲Ƿôܻأ
֮ӣҵȴȵģ
ǰֻҪ˻ˣǾ̫幬ϣ˰
̫幬˿һƬķڣ
׵ĳַ·Ǹעһǿļһ㣬˻裡
ȻһЩ˾ü׻ˣҲûʲôôӵһĹǲ
ףߣչسһֱ˵ͷҲҵһɽʧܳΪɢɰڱһᣬԹԸȫʬ
鿴ףҲһ˿Ĳм




2561³룬һòţ
 

飡
ʵϱ֮аɣҪһЩ
ֻΪɽʧܣ󲻵òΪɢɣ
ʵذδЩಮ٣
Ȼôһ˿˿ȴҲǸָָ߸֣
磬ûм˸ҵεģ
׳ʱǷǳҲʮѣ
׵ĸִ˵ҲǾ㵲ѣϾһճȷ˹Ŀ࿴
һεĳˣþûʲôˣ
鿴ͬɢɣǾ˺üٵɢɣһҲһոճΪɢɵļһѣ
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ֻţһԵĶ뿴׵ʱ˶һֻֿ֮У
ûи׽Ӵǲֶ֪֮
˿ַ̣Ƶӵʱ˶Ҷˣ
Ϊǲ֪׵ʲôĴڣ
飬Ȼ治мɴҲǿԿóȫҲǴһŵ״̬
Ͼףǿһͳ˰
׵Ŀһ֪Ҿ̫幬³
ݺǧ꣬㻹̸ʲô³³ġ
¶֮ɫ˿ȥȵţ
΢΢ҡͷϵķһۣȻСϣû°ɣ
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ϴ˿̼Щ״ˣǵ׶ɽʧܣ
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׵Ŀһذδ룬ƺ˵ʲôϡƽһ㣡
Ҫ֪ϿںֵܶĿ֮£߻ɢɼĸ֣
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ˣ
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ѲһЩ㶺𣿻ڵƣ
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鿴Ŷ峤Сʵ̫ˡ
֮飬ɣһŮвʲô£ĪǶ峤Լˣ
׿Ŷ΢΢һЦϴһϷʵı飡
ףȻŮҵĳ룬ΪʲôҲأҪֻܹû룡
һʵĻЩǵģ
Ͼһͳ磬˻Ǿкǿģ
ǺǣӶ㲻أһòţ
׿Ŷ¶һ˿Цݣ
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ʲôӦûǿİɣ
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ôҲû뵽һмֱֶεףȻҲ˵޳ˣ
ڵĶʲôطףǲ˵ĻھͿŮ֮ء
һסˣΪ鲻ǣԼ¹Լӵ
һЦǶ廹ûаԼλðһϢǿǰǣĲмνвǣǶѾ͵ɱˣ
㡭˵ʲô
Ͷ׻һ㣬˲䶨Ǹط
ܿ춫һǰУֱӳϵķɱȥ
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˻δ£Ϸ·ǧһ㣬Ҳ̶ã
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ȫžֻʣ·ХǶˣҲǳ׵ɵˣ

ˮһĴö볹׵ıˣ
ȴδһκεͬ
ŶԼһ˵ȵ˵峤Яڡħڵͼı棬ңɱ⣡
ߣҵҪǲͷۣ
һԵļɢѾ˶ĸǰֻҲɫأ
ղƺû֣龳ʵĶô׵ˣ
֪ҪôǰһˣҪôˣ
·ʤ
Ϊǿħλɢɼĳ֣δվȵʱ򣬺˵һĻһεĳˣ




2562ɵ۵Ķ
 

Ҳ
̫幬ƺѾǲһ˿΢ı仯
ԭıһεתΪ
ھ̫幬λ˵ҲǼԸӣ
˵ôİȻһԵľˣ
ֶΣֶΰ
ߣֻҪڣЩʲô
ǰһͳ磬Ҫֳɵģɵ˰ɣ
ιİǣã
̫幬ߣܶ˶ڶ붼ǱźǿԹ
ΪԭΪ̫幬һԱޱȵĽԺģ
أ
νľ̫幬ˣȻŶȥȱһܵģ
һڶˣҲˣܲأ
֮УҲǴһɷйԹ
ףɱҶӡӣҶҪ֮أҪȻһϣ
뿴飬˻ɢŵľһɱ֮
·ˣ
Ķ֪׾Բ˴ڵģ
Ψһİ취ɱףҪôͱնɱ
ֺγ֪أʵ׼Ϊǿˣ
Ŷӣذδս϶ûлָףȷЩŹ֣ħĴɢɽնڴˣٹŹҲûã
֣СһЩһֱǹޱȰ
뿴ӣҲѵ
ʵڶ˵ձ֮սⶼѡ
֪ȥһԼľˣ
ҲҪһѪ
˭һնɱԼӣնɱԼĶأ
ˣҪóսɵá
ذδ뿴ףҲǵĵ˵
Ϊ֪ʵΣ֪жôĿֲ
ȻذδҲΪӦòµģɱϾԵǿĴɢɰ
׵˵һȺϣ۵
ˣ㾹ȻҵȣձҪ㿴ʲôʵ
鿴ףǱ˸ʲôһ㣡
ƽ±˿׵Ļֱӱף
᳤磡
죡
һ̣еĳʣٶѾ޷׽
ǵɴ۾ĳ֣
Ϊħڵǿߣ׵ĶԾӦǷǳпģ
ֻһ룬ֱӱˣ
һֻӰֱִӽץס
ǲ
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һԵļɢЩĿɿڴĿǰһУ
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⻹㣬˼ƺûжһ£һսѾˣ
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Ҳˣ޼ǧ꣬ȴҪڽھ̫幬ɽ֮ǰôܹأ
οĶӺӶߣѲɽ컹ҪԼ
໣
һҵĽ쳹׵ֻӰֻɿ
ҵģʵЩоͬȥûһطǺõģѾȫĶѣ
˵֮ǰذδǷǳصĻ֮˱֮ذδ뻹Ҫһϣ
һһ
ذδ뿴˵ӣ֮ҲһĨж֮ɫ
Ϊ˸Լһڶ
ССħڵ̤Ҿ̫幬ĵֱ̣ǵΪ
׵ʣµλħɢɣ˿λµСѧһ㣬ͷ׵ķ˹ȥ
λֵܡ
ɵˣԼİôܵǱȥˣ
Ѿûа취ֹˣλħڸ뿪Լԣһ̸ܵĽ٣
׻ˣһǿƵĻع飡
һ̣ЩˣûһлǸ֮ǰ࣡
ôĺҩأ
׿λħڵɢɵ˵ȡǵľѪڿƶȲ
Ѫ
׵ľǿֶΣֻȴҲΪˣ
׵ֶΣֻҪ˵ľѪ֮һЩģɿƾˣ
ҪɱģЩɢɣǿţ
ʵϣ֮׵ǿѾˣ
Ҫģ¾ǵȴ׵ĳʹ
һ̣̫幬Σǳ׵Ľˣ




2563𾪵ذδ
 

䶨
³֪һεҲǶģ
Ҳֶѹ
ħ֮Ѿǳ׵Ϊ׵Ŀˣ
ɣŸʲô
Ϊôʱȴ׵һĳԶķ˹ȥ
⡭ⲻǶѲɶ˻кֲɣ
ӦðϷûн
ⶫ붼ˣʲôϷ
Ͳ֪ˣڣе
ľ̫幬ȫȻû֮ǰֵ֮ɫ
ֻ׵ĻǸоһ˿˿Ĳ֮ɫǾӦѾû˸ˣ
ಣ
ӰԶֱӶߣ±˷һ㣡
ǵٶȼذδҲЩ̾ĸо
ʹһ壡
ǲϢһʹһˣذδһˣӦǰ¶ͺռˣ
ߣҲڵ⼸꣬Ұĵ˻ٰ˵
ֻϧһˣذδ߷ߵ˵
װڰֵܵ˺ܲȥ˰ɡ
ף
׸˵껰ʱѾ׵ĻУ
ʵϣҲͼδף
֪ǣѾ˽ǧʱûмˣ
ʱֹ
һ̣ӵƺʱ
ĸϵ㷢ӣЦŵСϣһλҾǴ뿪ģ
뿪ϵɴ۾ףЩǵʵף㡭֮ǰɽʧ𣿡
˭˵ʧˣ׹һЦ
һԵذδûһͷ
ûʧܣ˵ǰѾˣ
Ȼ˵ذδɢɣνɢҲǵһֳƺѣ
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ɢɳɵĸʵ̫̫ˣѹҲûָ̫
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׵ļ˶ߣ׻Ҳһ꺮ů
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һԵʵҲ֪һǱڵĹأ
ֻط׵ƺˣ
ȻˣذδھˣΪҲֻ˲ܹӵ˵ֶԸˣ
ɢɣҪŰɱҲǲܵ飡
׵˵ذ벻ɽ磿
ңʸ񰡣ʵѾǳ׵ķˡɢ֮ʵ̫ˡ
ذδЦҡҡͷҲʼ
޷ɽ֮ɽٵٶȾͻӿˣʱҵİټɸɢ֮Ӧòѣ
΢΢һЦΪɵۼǿߣ۳ĵ۾˵ⷬʵˣ
ֻذδ벻Ⱑ׾ķɽ磬ҲżĹ
ɽҲǾٲά裬ǴôһƱǰҲô׵鰡
ذδ΢΢ҡͷˣɽ֮ӦøӵĲпᣬɽδȣҵȻޣ鷳ˣ
һգɽһ꣡ɽҲѾǧʱ䣬ҲЩɾˣһλǴǰɽ磬һܹǣ
׵˵ɽĵλҪ˻治ʲôѵ飡
Ȼɽ֮ǿƣɽҲɱһĴڣ
۳Ҳ׵ĸ׿ս
Ȼˣɽ֮Ϥذδȴ֪
ĵҲǺ飡
һգɽһꣿԭɽ磬ҵȥҲǸ鷳ȴҲﲻʲôæ
ذδ뻹һǵʵĲ̫鷳
ˣôˣ֮Ǳһͬǰɽ磡
ײ̫ľ˵鼤Ҳ˷ܵ飡
ɣ
ÿһߵ룬ߣôܹأ
һ˵õȮ죡
Կһ仰ˣ
֮뿪˾̫幬ʹһܲ۶ȥ




2564¿ݿɽ̻
 

ʹһܲ
ݿɺȴ˿̾ǱĽ˿ȸһ㣬ڶʱѸٵ𣬲ҳΪʹһ쵼ߣ
һж׸ǵģԴ׻Ʒ֮
ʹһƺҲĿʼĸһЩĴҲһЩ뷨
ߴԵıǰ¶ͺռ壡
¶ͺռͰ˹ʹһΪǿ壡
߳ȥĽ̻Ҳǲ
ԴݿɳΪ˽̻֮һʼƺݿɵİţټһЩĶ֧֣ݿҲˮ
ڣһƺѾˣ
ݿɽ㣬ӦҪ취ˣôȥĻʹһ¶¶ͺռˣ
ȣ
ʹһ䣬߶ѾǱһͳˣ
ټȺݿɶ׷ģǵĹϵȻǷǳĺˣ
Ҳʹһ쵼ߣݿȺף
ݿɿȵ¶ͺռ̫ˣڸǰʱ䣬һǻġ̫ˡ
ǰݿɽ˵һκ¶ͺռǰ׻磬ƺŶȥġ
ȿݿɣҲǽŵĺܣ
ҵȻ֪ˣߣ׻ǱƺҲ˲С״Ǹ˱˾̫幬ҲҰĲԭ˰ذδڡ
ݿɵ͸һӾ֮ɫ
ڽ̻ʹ֮УûκεĻȥ
Եĺͨ¶ͺռ˴ݳȥǾ൱ڿһ㣡
ȳıǸ˵óѵĻôǿһҲӲˣ
ǰãݿɫЩѿǵΨһİ취֮һܹȥȻѰ֧ߣ
˺ܶİ취Ǹȥ
ȿݿɣҲȻ˵
ǰⶼǰ¶ͺռˣǼȻô϶Ѿ˳׼ˣ
ݿɺȶ֪ڵֻܹɱ˰ڲˣ
ؼ¶ͺڽ̲λȨأ˹ԹۣƺЩֵ˼
Ⱥݿ˷飬ԽƺԽĸо
Դ׷֮һеһƺѾˣ
ڵǸʲôһ֪ˣ
˵
ݿɺ̸ʱ˺һ֮ɫˣ
¶ͺգ
λ¶ͺռߵƶˣȻˣ
֮ǰļΣȻһֱﰵݿɽ̻֮λƺЩ˼ɣ
һιݿɺȲò¶֪һﵽʲôˣ
ʲô
ȿſӣҲǵݿɵǰ
ڽ̻ʱݿɸ˪Ŀſ˵Ȱ㻹Ƿɣĸɱң
ͨ
ݿɺΪ⿨һε¶־ԵЦݵʱǳ׵±ˣ
⿨ȻˣһȻˣ
˼飡
Ҫ֪⿨һֱѱˣ¼ûпԵģ
ټҰĲǿݿɽ̻ʣ˵ݿɽ̻¹Ǿǲܵ飡
ݿ۾ǰĿԼ˴
㡭ʲô
ȿſһãȻо˵Щˣ
ʵϣǰĻΪڽ̲̻ʴ¹Ҳ飡
·鲻
̻ʴˣҡҿϣȻ·ϵ飬̻ʴ˴ԸϿĳͷ
˿̵ĿһϵĿݿɺȣһԵ˿ҲĿɿڴ
¶ͺռ˼˭˲֪˭˲
̻ʹˣкܶ౻ˣ
ݿɲŻڿ㣬˶ˣ
㷢ʲô裿
ݿһ㶼⿨ͻȻתԣȨһεĽԼ
ΨһĽ;Ƿʲôʣ
ʲôıܹأ
ݿɲ֪֪ͬ
ɥ̻ʴˣԭ޴ңҰ¶ͺռΪʹһôķϣҰ¶ͺռһ·
㵽ʲô˼
ݿһԼȫһ
һ̬ݿɸܵ˱ĸо
̻ʴ֪ˣ
ݿɵӣҲһ£漴뵽Щʲôʱһε¶˾֮ɫ




2565һʧǧź޵Ŀ
 

еĿɬܹ⣡
һҲǹʹ˶ĵǲ
ʵʹһ嶼Ǵһ̬ȣ
Ұ֮࣬˭ϣΪף˭ϣΪף
ΪԺܶ˶뾡ְ취Ҫһε˳֮вһλĻᣡ
¶ͺռ壡
ΪʹһΪǿ֮һȻҲϣֵܹһ
Ϊ¶ͺռε峤һλᣬһǧѷĻᣡ
һͳľ̫幬Ѿɽ磬ʹһ˸Ƿ
£ǵȻϣܹŪһЩʵˣ
ԣȶڸӵҪõһȨ
ټεĽ̻ݿɲһŮʵһĺܣ
ԥվɾһΰҵ
뽻׵ĵ߾ʹһԽܶ쵼ǱһĴڣ
ֻҪܹڣôһͳʹһ壬ΪʹһȨʵˣ
ԼܹʵԼбΨһᣡ
ǵȥ˶֮׼̫幬ʱԭΪĿ޶Լ¶ͺռĸƺǸЦһ㣡
ԶԶĿײ֪ʲôֶξֱӸպɱ˶ļ֡
ڵǿߣȻҲĪ
ԭ׵Ŀ׵ı
Ψһ뷨ܣӵԽԶԽãǻص˽̻ʹ
Ϊ֪İ¶ͺռӦӣ
գΪ׵һĨĿ־壬ÿֱӱòݿɺȵԭ£
֪Ҫȥ
ΨһĻҲǰҪնɱŮˣ
ݿɴ˿Ҳһ𾪵Ŀſ
׷ϢѾʲôˡ
⿨˵ķ˵ˣݿɺȼͬʱȴָо̫ܣ
㡭˵ģ
ݿɿſҲǳɻʵЩ̫ˣ
˵ϵ̻ʴˣ¾ް֮ǰһʱϣƻ󣬻̻ʴĸǰΪҰ¶ͺռԼ䰡
ΪʹһŪڹ֮е߲ɣ췴췴췴ɹ˵ԭ£˵ĺ£
ȿſҲЦһ
׻عϢȱжôļˣ
Ҫ׵ĻǶʹһͱʹһ˸ˡ
ӲʹһƽȻΪԽ̻֮µĵһˣ
һӦøлףл׸һĻᣡ
ȴˣҡ֪أҿ̻ʴҰ¶ͺռһֱػʹһķϣŹǼ˰ɣǲܵҵĹƻ󣡡
ɫһƬĲҰףѾǴһĽ׶ˣ
֪׻Ļ´Ҳѡˣ
ֵͦ
ڿ˵ʱſһĶ׳˵ĸǰ

ݿɺȼͬʱѿڶǸǰĿͷһ֮һڣһˤ˵ϣ
˵֮䣬û뵽Ѿϵˣ
¶ͺգǺǣոմҾ̫幬뿪ܵˣ
׿ſҲĨһ˿мЦݣ
һ￴ȥǽͷһ㣬ΪԼĵŰɱ̫幬Ҳգһ۾ģ
ҡ֪ˣΪҵ˽Ǽ飬ŹǼ֮ˣҡԸл
׵ˣ֪ԼԶˣ
ǿ϶ģֻЩϧˣԭ㲻һѡĻ㻹лῴһɽʹһ嵽ʲôӡ
΢΢ҡͷ⿨츳ǳĲ
ֻϧͷŷǣ׾ҪɱһӰٵģԺ绹´ң
һμȻˣǱҪ֪Ծ·һ
ο׸ûôʱȥ磬ҪһݵĽ⣡
ֻǵ˵һʱ򣬿˶ˣ
һԵݿɺҲǺòȥǶĿף֪˵ĵʲô˼
˵ʲôɽʹһ壿ⲻܣԲܣʹһת֮ǰʧˣ
ѾǺڲˣǵ˵ɽ֮ʱ
˵ת𣿡
ڿ˵֮ڽ̻ʹ֮гһټĳ˰֮У




2566ܵʹһ
 


һټתس˵ĸǰ
ʵϣתʹһеĶֻҪﵽʮʹģͨתسΪɽ֮ˣ
ȻˣʵԽ͵˽תϴ֮ǵɽʵҲֻԽͣ
ҲʹһȺڶһԭ
ɽʹһ壬ǵȺҲԶԶ壡
һֱڶƵ¶֮ʹһҪһЩ
Ϊʹһķʵ̫ǿˣ
ʹһڶ࣬ҪʵĻǻǺһ㣡
ɽʹһ壬ȻưϷ½ɱ𶫷½½壬ǲһЩ
һϷ½ʹһ壬ҲΪ½ս
Ϸ½ʹһž˿ɳ֮
뵽Ȼ׸ˣһŪתأ
Ϸ½֮һļӰмĳϸ»Լ֮У
תصˮ֮ƺѵõɶɽʹһǿ˵ƺи£
˿̣
תڵһĨȵĹ֮˶
תأ̺ŴĹ֮
νĹ֮ʵϾɽõߵʵ࣡
ֻʹһΪĴ⣬ΪνĹ֮ʵϸʹõĲ࣡
֮֮ʹõҪŨٰٱ
תأҲڶʱγһļۣʱһ̣
⡭Ȼתأûָо
˿̺޲ֱתزźã֪Լûлᣡ
ڣ
һ̿ӶˣԼûѡŶĻôڵһж˳Ȼ
ݿɺȿףҲǼʵ⡭ת𣿿תزѾʧܳʱ𣿡
ȻԼˣ˵Ҳ޷תɽʱһɽʹһĸҪģԺתؾΪˮʹһΨһͨɣ
׿ݿɣҲ¶һ˿Цݣ
ݿһӼŵĻԺ󼴱Ҫο¶ˣ
֡Ǵɽģ
˿׺䶥һ㣬һķͷûˣ
ɽǿ߽٣
ʲôһ
֪֮У綼ϣҲĶְɣ
ֲ֮ǰ龳ڵĶ뾹Ȼɱˣ
¶ͺռ˴ѡҲܹɽĻᣡ׵˵
ɥ
˿̵ͬԼʧȥİĶһ㣬ֱֳĳʹ໹ʹ࣡
Ϊɽʹÿһʹһ˵룡
ɾΪһδѡԼ׵ʧȥĻᣬð¶ͺռʧȥĻᣡ
׿ݿɺȼתط飬ȫȨ˴˭Է˭ܹȻҲ֪𣿡
ǣ
ݿɵһļֻҪӵȨǱʹһף
ΪֻҪ˭ҪתأǱҪԼͬУ
Ҫ˵ǰǰ˻ҰģɾôһŪҰ֮˿Ҳûˣ
׼ǵʱɽˣڰ¶ͺռ壬ǧ֮ڲκ˷ɽ磡
׺䶥
¶ͺϢʱ򣬸о˶ˣ
ǧ겻ܷǼǵɽ磬ǰ¶ͺռҲһǧˣ
ǧķչһ޴ĺ蹵
ο¶ͺռҲǵôˣھΪԼһѡ˰¶ͺռĳ٣
¾ǿĻڰ¶ͺռҲΪõˣ
ݿɺݺݵĵͷȻ׵ǡôã
ǺǣȻʹһĽ̻ʣȻˡǻľԤ
׿ݿҲǵ˵ĲԸڲЩ飡
λ棬ҲԸĲ֣
ֻҪûлң⻹Լĺ԰ʱԴԴϵǿ߿Դɽ磡
ʹһϢܿ촫
ʹһоǣ̻Ѿӵ˿ʹһ;
üʹһͬʱӿ̻ʹ
ݿɺһ̼Լﵽ˶㡣
ֻҲ˳·ѣʵһλҲû뵽飡
Щ֮Ҳǳķ򼲳۶ȥ
ػߵĵط




2567
 

⣡
һεһƬĸܸ֮ǰƺźܴĲͬ
ΪһƬƺž޴һ㣡
ʦ磬֮ǰʱƺʱͿռ䷨Ƭȫ˰ɣǡ
ʱҲѾǳߣΪ
ʱ֮Ϳռ֮ƿҲŷǱѰ
ѾĸܵһƬռĲͬ
Ҳüȷˣ֮ǰѾȫʱ䷨Ϳռ䷨Ƭû뵽ھȻһεĳӯ
ǰλƺҲûй˵ʲôѲ֪ʦԺһεĻ
鿴ףҲüʵ
׵ͷҲϾΪλػߣӵдġһλĻôҲ顭
طʲôûУô˶ݵʱһεĳʱͿռķأǡ
üͷԺ֮ƺҲ뵽һЩ
ӵܹʱ䷨Ϳռ䷨ıǰɣ
׵֮һĻȣĻǶ˵ӵž޴
ڵɽ磬ѰҲʲôڶʱڲĶ
ֻܹǰʱ䣬ײˣ
οδ;֮УĿ¶ɽĶ֣
ЩֵսܹռݾԵƣΪӵ
֮˵һǱռ˱ˣ
ܹ֮ٳ߸ͷһĻǵʱǶŸı
Ե˵뷨֮󣬸ҲЩıϣ
ʦ磬һҲ̫ף籦ĻôͷӦþ˵ˣҲڵȵԼɣ
ܾʲôֵĵطԭһ򵥵ƺЩӣ
׹һֵˣǽȥ˵ɣ
Ҳã
ҲǵͷҵĲ²⣬ֱӽȥأ
ಣ
׵жһöƣڴİ棡
ˣ
ԭһĨ׺мѿһ죡
ף֮ǰҼǵúطȥİüʵ
׵һ룬ȥ֮һǿķ֮
ʦ磬ǵһػƽطİɣƺĸ֮ǰǽĵط̫һ
ѲһƬռ䣿׵֮һĨ֮ɫ
ӦǣΪǿĽ磬ҵȵʵʱ̸鲻
˵Լе뷨ȻһҲǲ²ѣ
һλǶ˰ķܹ֮ҵܹһ
鿴ǰɢڿռ֮еķƬҲǼ˵
׳ǰ˹ȥ飬ûƺʲôڶǣ
ţʦ磬ôһ˵ҵҲһָоˣ
ʶţȻͬĸоʲô̽鲻
׵СΪϣطЩŹְ
ǰйصĵطȻǷͬСɣǻСĽһЩΪã
˵˵ţ㳯ȥ
Ǹо𾪵ǣƺԽǰķƬԽΪŨأ
һЩĸо
ಽ
׺˸оԼӵ޾ѹÿһƺʹ˳̵
ǵʶƺֻܹ̽鵽֮Զĵط޴
һĨ⸡׵ǰ
ԶһƬʡ
ʦ磬ǰƺж
ʶ֮ҪǿһЩʶ޷̽鵽ǰ浽ʲô
üʵԼоиǰѾǴ粽Уоǰ߶Ҫѹˣ
ʦ磬ʱͿռ䷨Ƭҵĺʱ
鿴׳Ҳ֪ҪĻҪµͻƣ
˼ǽͻƣƺҲ˼
ҪȻʵ벻ʲôİ취ˣͻ֮ʵһܹ
鿴ףƶԼ뷨
ðɣҲֻôˣһһҪ浽ʲôܣԭΪһλֻǻһѣڿǴԵ
׵Ҳǳ˷ܵģ˿ҲǶž޴ѹʼ֮;
ɵǿߣȴ˵ȥ¶ţ
һﾹȻδȴѾӵ֮򣬿Ű
ǲ֪ǵĲԶվһ׷ͯյߣΪζĿǣ
ֻ֮ȴҲһĨ֮ɫ




2568ͻƣɵڣ
 

ĳ
طƺжϵ
׺˿ڷʱ䷨Ϳռ䷨Ƭ
˾һ㣬ϵ
ʱ
£οɵۼǿأ
ת֮ǧʱƺһƬռ֮лʶ
ǶѾȫͶ뵽֮еףΪ
֮
׵֮ڲϵţ˿òԾͽԼ֮ţ
ȻһƬռ֮иʩչ˵ĳ죡
ɰʵ֮ҲǲϵķΧ
յһĳ̶֮㲻գΪԼײ̫һ
ʵϣַ֮ȷвС棡
ΪоԼ֮ûзӳʲôá
ӵ֮һ㣬ѹɽĲΣҲΪʧ
ȫĽע׵ϣ˿ʶĲϱ仯
дʮңܹ̽鵽ˣʦ磡
鿴ףҲЩ˵
ǧУ
Ȼʶ׶ûд˿׵ʵȴϵľţ
ƺɵڽһ֮ңֻһȴһ㣡
ʱţ
鷢ٴε뵽һֿڤ״̬֮
վһԵĻ첻滹һ
׺͹ϵҲͨ
˿̵ѾǸܵڶĹͷǿĳ
ֻҪ׵ʵһΣôǶ̽ܣǶδɽ֮Ƕģ
Ҫ֪ڵ׽ɵ۳ڵʵѾնɱɵڵǿߣ
ҲڴԼʦһɵ֮󣬵жôǿ
֮
ϵ׵ߣʱ׵Ϸ·𱻶һɫ
ԭֹŵʱͿռ䷨ƬҲ׵ָһ㣬ϵߣγһУ
׵۾һƣ
һָո֮ʱԭߵоǱ˸ըһ㣡
ķɢ
һ֮
׵ϳһʹʱȴһ쳣Źֵ
·ߣַԶߣ
鿴Χûκ˵ӰҲͷƤĿܣٴУ
ȻҲֵͻƵĹؼʱڣûκεʱȥ
ʱһͻʧܣп߻ħⲢԸ⿴顣
ʵϣ֮ѾǺˣ
֮ǰ͸ܵƺڶΪѰܣգ
ݷںҪӺԼĻڵ֮ûУ
ΪѾǵͻƵĽҪͷˣ
ˣ
׼һͻ֮ʱȻ䷢Լĵ֮ﾹȻȻĿʼںˣ
⡭ôܣ
Щɵ۵ĿǰһĻû뵽ԭŵڻĽһ
СһŸʲôϽ۵
׾ȻǱ߷һε
ԭҪ˵Щʲô˼ʲôط֪˵ʲôأ
Ψһεľǰ֪ʲôطǿߣǼӺԼʦģ

˿׵֮һˮڻ֮󻺻ڵ
˵ںϣ˵֮ڲϵɽĵ
ʱһһĹȥ
ƺ쳣Ǵ׵ı鶼Կó˿̵ǳʹ࣡
ĳһ̣
ԭʹ׺Ȼ֮ǰüͷչ˿ԭʧһƺµĻصϣ
أ
֮вϴһı֮һεԼ˫ۣ
ɵڣ
ԭΪΪӵһ˿ȴ·ûκε谭
˺ķһЩʱ֮⣬ûиоõͻƵѹ
Ϊؼʱ̣ʦͨһ㣡
ﶼʼµı仯ȫԸܵĳ˿ĵѾ֮ǰɽ״̬
Ｘȫ֮Ȼ˿̻磡
ʦ磬㡭ͻˣЩȷʵ
ͻ֪ܲʶӦÿԿóİɣЩƵʵ
ʦ磬ҡڿ͸һŰֽһҾǸͨˣƵĿ׵
⡭ôܣҲסˡ
ʲôֵģСӻ֮ˣɽ֮˿ʵ
׻ŵʱǸһεĴǵĻ




2569
 

˭
׺鼸ͬʱ˹ȥԴͷǵ
ǵһſȥЩֵ֮⣬ûκ˵Ӱӣ
ʦ磬ĸ˰
ɫأܹо־ˣǲǸʲôأ
׵˵λǰҪңǱ㲻ͻơǰȻͻƣѷǵˣǰһ𣡡
׳ķ򹰹֣˵ʵҲûʲô
ֻطԼػߵĵططӦòӺԼɣ
ҪȻҲ̫ˣ
СӵǺܵ
׺Ǵʲôطʱһ׷ͯյѾǳǵĸǰ
ǰ
׺鹪ܹ޷ˣǶȻǳˣ
ο߲˵Ӧúйϵ
׺һڿ¶ǲ𰡣
ţСӽǺܿ죬ȼǵ֮ǰλػݵʱһССߡȴѾǳɳΪɽˣ
߿ƽ棬ܸоһɼǿѹ
ߣҲǹûǰĳȻҲܻ˵ĳɾͣ
컯ҲԵ˵ʵڵģػߵݱԵõֻû뵽㾹ȻѾǶһ٣ʵЩ˼
߿ףҲǾɲ
ȻϽƺҲ֪ô£
֪ǰôƺ
׿ߣ˼ǸʲôĶ̸֪ʲôأ
ʵϣ׻Ǵ׽
Ͼ磬Ҳʶ˵ģ
ԼʦŷұӣսйӴģ
ңǺǣһ㶼֮Ϊ
ǰ߾Ȼ࣬һݻģ
һԵ鶼оһ𾪣
׺ĿɿڴӣҲЦŵǽˣ
棿
ֵʱ֮Ҳǹֵֹġ
Ϊ֮ǰ񻰴˵棬Ҳֵģ
֪⵽ǲͬһˣ
ʵϣ棬Ϊ֮棬Ҳ֮еĵһӣ
ֲһƺѣ׻߽أ浭ȻһЦ˵֮·̺һ㣡
׹棬֮ǰðǰһݣ
ˣЩͷԵʽͲˣ֪кܶҪңֱʾͿˡ
浹һۿ׵뷨ʵ̵ô໹ľҪʣ
ֻǰλ濴ȥȻã˭֪˼ʲôƢأ
һ㶼ƢģһЩ˱ԻǳĹŹ֣
ҲòСӦˣ
֮ĪҲӣ⡭ı𣿡
׵ĵһ⻹ºһЩĴ룡
ͷȻǱı壬ʵΪ㻹㲻ô㣡
濴𣬻ͻƣǸм̵
ҡҡͷ˵ʵʵ̫ˣұӦóֵġûн֮ǰӦǲܿõҵģ
ǰΪͻȻüʵ
浭˵ΪҲһЩȤΪȴӵѪ⵹Ҳǿġڶɽٵʱȴ˫ͬɣͬʱӵɽʵЩ˼
ǰһҲǸоֻ֣ղѾҵĵںˣһһˣ
׿棬Ҳʼ
΢΢ҡͷǱж󣡣
Ǳȱ˶ȷǱȱ˶һǱʱƺͽ֮ƾͲˣ
׿棬ʵǲ֪˵Ǳʲô
˵ܹȡڵĳɾͣѾˣ
֪ȥԼܹ˵˿¾ˣ
ɽ֪֮׾Ȼ뷨Ƕܹˣ
Ϊ˶ǼԴҪ磬ãȻȥ
ղǽʱԭҪһͳȥġǺҿײžģ
һЦײ֪Цʲô
ܹǿ˵ԼǱ֤ǱӦǲġ
׺鼸ͬʱ棬ҲҪ˵ʲô
ʵϣ׻絽Ǹʲôλأ




2570Ч
 

һ׺鶼һĿɿڴ
˵ʵ浽˭֪أ
ǶĻȻţЩŽɣ
˼ҵļʶӦǱҪǿĶ࣬ȻļʶҲɸǰȵĻ̫һЩ
ЩЦ绨ӣҲšüͷȻ֪ΪʲôôĿģ
Լ츳濪ĸɶ
棬˼һǲ̫ף
Ҳʵʵ˵ˣ˵˵ȥνǱɶ˼
浭ȻһЦǿ˰ɣ˵ⶫǶı
ô˵ҲǵλȻˣЦʵ
λȻҲǫ飬ȷһʣ
滹һ㶼ǫ飬Ȼô˵ˣȻȻǷƷˣ
綼ǷƷ֪ⶫļֵжˣ
һԵЦʵ棬ǼȻ˲Ϊȴط
ȻΪ˱ѣ
ƺûдʲô̫
ر˶ҪõȻλȻıӦöž޴ɣ
׿ʵʵ硢ɽ磡
بŲĵһģǾ˵ĵطн
һǲ֮Ѳɾûͻ
ɽһȨʲôȻڣ
ҪūۣǱҪűȱ˸ǿУ
ҲǳĴڣ˻ƿ˵С
¶һ˿΢Ц֮棬̺طⱾʱͿռ䷨˵ΪķƬ˭ӵٶҪԶԶĸڳˡ
ֲãⲻ൱һƶʯ𣿡׾㵵ʵ
ͷǰĹЧڴˣԱҲᷳ˱׷ɱԼ
棬ȻѾˣһ˵УΪʲôһֱȥأ
Щ֣˵ȫԲó
ѾеôһиԼʲô˼أ
ǰѲܹ֤Լģ
˵ʵĽ֮˵Ǽٵģ
˵ֻҪӵǳ񼸺˵ǰ϶ˡ
ûʵõѲԺûл
СӵʵϵĺܣҲûа취ٹʮ겻ȥĻʱıû֧ţ¾Ҫήˣ
̾һκ鶼ศɵģ
ܹ֮ʱͿռ䷨ƬΪԵʣ
׽µĻݲݣûĻǻܴ
ʵһģ
ֻΪ֮ֶܹͨԼʱһЩ
νĳ
ʵҲ磬κεĵط
ǿˣ׷ĳʵ磡
λĻǸܴﵽ˵ĲΣ
⡭ȻܹήʵǷ˼΢΢ҡͷ
΢΢ҡͷȻ˵𣬿ʵϳǿ𣬷ʱпܳΪ˵ĵ¹οҵı岻մĹѣ뿪ʲôˣ
ˣ˼ǣֻܹĻȥµĸţ
׿Цʵ
СһЩڱҪȥҲΪʲôҪԭ򣡡
Ļһ治ΪԼܹЩܶԿɣ
˵ɽЩƵģ
ֱĴУڱԼ٣
Լʲôƣ
Ҫ֪Ǹոսɽȷźţ棬ҲôֵĻɫ
ģͲֵһˣ
Ҫ˵һЩƵĻǿ¾ԼϵѪԼʦŷұˣ
棬Ҳɽ֮ˣ糤ʲôģ֪ءΪҿ԰ɣ»أ
ҲƵ˵⻹Ļ
ʹˣ֪ܹͷųΪķƬ֮⣬һʲôܣ
˵ڣѹҲû˵ʲô˼
ҡҡͷ棬ı廹ʲôǿĹܣ
Ϣ
ĻûһѪ
ҲһܣϢܸʲôѲȥԻ
ԼȥҲǰ׸ĻɫЦеӣ׿ˣ




2571º
 

Ϣ
⻰һƣ
ϢȻãҲֻܹŻŻ˶ѣ
οϢֻöָӵĲں㣬ʵڸ˵û壡
Ĳ֪ʲô˼
׿ɻʵϢ˵Ӧûʲôôɣ
һԵҲǵͷǰϢʦ˵ãôҲǺܴɣ
˵ȷЩߣǶС˵ãдã
浭˵׺黹ǲ˵ʲô
棬ͱˣܸ˵˵𣿡ҲǼˡ
ͷղ˵ˣҲǺܶǿ߾Ķ󡣶Сȴɽ֮򣬿˵Ѿһֻ̤硭
Ϣʲôϵʵ
ϢԷֹ٣Ҳɽһ߶ȣ
˼ǣֻҪҲҪٵĻôɽҲԼֻҪӵ㹻ˣ
׿Щʵ
Ͼ׷Ļôȥ¾һϣ
Σνμ
Ǹȥ磬ȴĻôֱһƶĻӣ
ȻҲԼı֮У
ôܹأ
׷֮󣬱ǳǿߵĻôҲܹӵһԱˣ
ϢҪԣ
һЦҲû뵽Լ㹻á
ҲǾ̾˵ҪĻ˵ʦɽˣ氡
˵ʵⱲӼ̫ˣɻûм˵ţͶ٣֮򣬷ĻҪɽҲûκεô
Ļʵ׶ģ
ṳ̂ĲΣôɽҲûõġ
һж˵Ѿˣ
֮
Žı־׵Ѿӵˣ
ɽĻôûκܹв׵Ĵڣ
ο׽֮㽫ǳǳĸߣ
ܵ˵ԭȨڱ˵еģİԼˣ
棬ʲô˼أ
֪㣬Բôĳģ
ŪʲôҲ˵أ
ҵ˼ܼ򵥣Ǻ
濴һۣȻϿһССɽǿߣǿ߸ûа취Ტۣ
û׻ǲа
׻̣̬֮ʵǿԵģ
ǰʲôֱӷԸͿˣ
׵̬΢΢ͷǰСӿȥͦµġ
Цŵɲǳ֮ΣˣοԺһأҲǰͶʰɣ
Ȼô˵ˣĳ͡ȴ֮ˣ
ױ浭ĻһĿϲ
ʵԼĻ¿²òͷˣ
׵ƢԼ֪ǲڱ˵֮£
пܲϧԼҲԸǱϥ֮ˣ
ԣһѡʵҲѡˣ
Ͳ֪ΪʲôҪ
濴˳ܵӣЩо֣
ȻԼĸǰ׿ܻǸСһɱϾɽ˼ǳǿߡ
ֳǿߵѪӦûеġ
׿˳ҲǵһЦ棬ȻǺһ仰
СӵҲһʹˣȻǺȻҪ˫ġֻҪһʱһ̸ֽ𣿡
濴ףҲ¶һ˿Цݵ
棬ĳܾԡ׺˵
һЦ֮ǰҶҲΪṩһʱͿռ䷨ƬϢٵ׷٣
ãûҪˣ
ʵ滹ûʲô̫Ҫ
ο˼һǿߣȻҲмɽǰСආˣ
һûǾϣԼͷܹԼ
һ룬ʵ˵
Լ˵ĻҲȥɣ
濴һף¶һ˿ȻСûҪĻҿҪ˰




2572Ҫ
 

⣡
׸оԼҲûʲôҪˣԼɽʱҲ
ɽڴʮʵҲνģ
ԼˮǵػߣѲԼ
ʱ򻹲ʲô͸ʲô
οɽʡ֮˴أ
ŵʱȥ磬ԼʦŷұӿҲһɣ
һ뵽ߣ׾ȻЩȻ¶һ˿Цݣ
ǻûеȵЦչʱȴ澹ȻԼҪˡ
ԭ׿治»صҪ
ϣԼȻص˵ƺûôļ򵥡
Ҫ󣿡üͷһҪ󲻾ǰȫĻص𣿡
һЦҪص磬ͻȥˣֻڵʵȥҲ׸Ķ󣡡
ĪΪɣ
׷˷ֱۣпյ󰡣Լɽ綼ɱ޵֣
ָοأʱԼ֪ôİɣ
ƥﻳ
ǰ֪ԼĶĻǽǿ֪ˣ
ٺ٣˵ʵСӻĿԴһЩ漣Ҳ˵أοǺʱǱ˸ǿ°ߵĻǵʱǱūˣ
Ը⣬Ǳǿ£ȻǲԸģ
ȻǸĶǿȣǻŲСĲģ
Ͼһѣܹﵽ˵ĳɾѾ൱Ĳ˼ˣ
׿ˮ棬Ҳ֪ҵô漣пܻİȫ˵Ļ˺ʵڰ
ˣֿ֮ɲôģ
ҡҡͷκ˶ŵġ
棬ˣΪεأЩƵʵ
ٴҾͿԿóǳĲֵƲ𣿡
һ˵Ѿйһβľ
ǾЩ£
񿴵Ȼʵǿ˼ǽһ󰡣
ʲôʱ򿴵һΪ˵飬ܹվˇNɪģ
⡭Ŀ氡ЩεЦ
׵ˣôɣΪǿߣ㻤ҰȫȻˣΪرʱҲṩһİ
ˣ޷ĵģ
ϾþǴ쾫ʱͿռ䷨֮ûôĻ¾ͬһ㣡
ʵҲǿ׵ǱΪ˴
ҲǴֽ׶οʼĻϾԼһ·Ļʱ򲻿ɮ濴ɣ
Ҳ֮Ϊʵ뷨
ǳɹˣԼܹˡ
ʧˣǴҲǺ֮ǰһū۶ѣ
οӵԵƣһпܳΪһģ
ģ
˿Ҳڶģο׻ǺǱ֣
ĵͷ棬Ǻ죡
С׬ˣԺܲմĹ⻹ǲһأ
Ҳǰ뿪Ц˵Ȼ鵹ҲǷǳĲ
׳Ȼ˵ңȻҲʧĳ߾ܣİȫ棬֮ǰְ磬⡭
Сӿɱ̫̰ˣ֮ǰҲǺķҲٵɲʲô̬ĶҪҲԣڰһΣҿɵó˯ʮҵʱ䡣
濴Ҳε˵֮ǰȫҪ׿ļֵ
ҲǼģҲͻƵĹͷ
ݸһЦǺðɣʮ̫ˣԼءܹӵʵһЩ
ǰҳ˯ĻôҲֹͣתʱҪеҲͼûˣʵǵòʧģ
ĵ˵˵ߵʱҲ΢΢Щʧ
ĻԺʲôΣλҲﲻʲôæˣ
׶粢û̫˽⣬˵ȤĻǾҪˣ
׿棬Ҳһεѯʵ棬һֱǴţȻӴλǿߣɶ缸Ҳһ֪֪ɷΪ½󣿡
㡭˽Ӵ֮ǰλػߣӴ֮ˣ
ҲǾ㵵ĿףϾλһ˿϶ǽӴģ
׵ĻҲȤ




2573ȼ
 

磡
磬ʼնû˽
ȻӴսԼʦŷұӣ˶ǴҴұ
磬ƺһصһ
λƵ֣绹˽ġ
֪絽ǸʲôĴڣ
󣿼ȻҺҶҲֻ̫֪һЩ鲻ͽŶˣղ˵֮йӴ
ЩüĿףȻʵ벻ܹ˭Ӵ
Цŵ֪ɷʶǰŷұǰ
ŷұӶǴˮλ߳ȥˣȻ֪ġʵҲͬˮλģ
浭˵Ϣһ
ˮλ棿Ѳɻʲô˵ɣЩɻʵ
磬ʵϸɽû̫𣬶ɸɵģֻǵʵǿ˶ѣ
濴ףҲǳ
ʵʲôİ׿漱æʵ
Ǻǣʵɽֻ࣬ĵȼҪ΢һЩѡһԷΪ񽫡ʡΡ
Σ֮ɽ绮ҪһЩ׵ͷ
һЦĵȼּΪϿʵҲǷǳ֪֮ıΪ˵ĳ㣿
⡭Ĳ֪ҡҡͷ
ЦŵΪɲ׵õӵǱӵһƶͬȼսУ˵ʤ
׻ȻĵͷԽǵ˸ߵĲΣԴȻԽ٣
Ȼ׵ĺܣô˵Ǹӵļˡ
Ƚľˣ׿ʵ
ͷǿߣҪﵽξͲô׵ģܹﵽĲΣǾǺߵġ
ʲôʵ
ҲЦĲôôﵽĻȻͲߵĵȼˡ
Ȼɽܹﵽɵ۲εҲ޼ˡ
΢΢һ̾˵ҵʵͺһˡﵽĲΣЩֵлǲֵһᰡ
Ҳ൱˰׵
ǺǣУڻǲġǿߺǿߵУһЩ϶ѣ
˵ⷬʱָ˵ƺһ¾ˡ
棬Щúõ粻ţΪʲôһλ氡׿ʵ
ȻǺߣ˵ʵҲ޷ӳģʵ·˲Աصĵطǰ㿴ʵôģǵҵıѾǴﵽʵĲˡ
˸еģƺѾΪ׵£
ʲôЩƵʵ
֮ǰᵽŷұӣ֪ΪʲôʶΪǶǴλȥģһˣ
ֻԽ˵ԽЩˡ
üʵͬһѲ绹ǲ磿Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ĳһ˵ﲻʱǾͻ취ȥԸˣƽԴܱûԴĺðɣ籧Ҳʵ֪Ϊʲôа˴ػλ棿ʵ˴λǰ˸ǿĴڵľˮλ棡
ĸ׽ţҲǶһЩˡ
ָо
ˮǿӦûвٵģΪһ
׼˵ô˵ˮλӦǷǳǿˣ
׿Щ˿ɶǴ˵죬ٱ˵ŷұӣһ߳ɽķ
ۼǱųһ
ǹ˶Ҫİɣ
ˮλȷԣ˴֮УӦڵߵĵӣھͲ֪ʲôˣƺλһֱˮλ棬Ҫ֪ʱˮλǿһģ
̾һȻеһЩҲ֪
üʵˮλ棿Ϊʲô
Ͳ֪ˣսһֱûֹҲΪʲôһԭҪĸĻһĲԸȥ
Ҳ̾һ֮̾оͿԿóеΣ
ֲ֮ǰ컹ŷұӶǰ̾ģȥĲⰡ
һ֮ҲǴ̤˻س̵;Ͼɽ绹кܶȥء




2574λҪ
 

ڣ
һλصԼı֮У˿̵ϵ˵֮ˣ
֮ҲǸоһ𾪣
ԭΪֻһѣû뵽澹ȻԳɿռ䣡
ݱɵ涼Ʒ
ʵЩо˼
о̤ʵǣ֮缸ȫϵĸо
ײ֪֪Ҳǲ̫ܣ
ʵྪ̾
濴ףҲ˴Ĵָ
ٺһЦ棬˰طûʰɣ
СӇNɪǰɣȻǹԵƷҲͰȻҶƷ
΢΢һ̾ȻҲû뵽飡
ɻʵ棬ǿЦɣȷǾһ٣ɡɾȻ⡭Щ˰ɣ
׵һĿϲ涼Ļô˵ʲô
Ȼ˵ƷԲǵͼģ
Ȼˣڵ׺֪Ʒôģ
ȻҲò˼飬ҸղŽеʱ̽һɸпǳɳԵ
֮һĨ
棬ôֵİܸܲ˵˵üʵ
ܼ򵥣ɽûκεܹΪƷƷƷͼƷ浭˵
Цŵʦ磬Ǻ˵ĳɳʲô
ʵɳһܺģһӦǵġһʼпֻľɱпܳΪ
濴飬Ҳǵ˵
⡭ҾͲ֪ˣҼǵɽʱģǰ˭֪أˣǳɳͻǳɳ͵ģˣ
˦˦ͷڵĵ֮ɲоԼҪɽģ
ҲǵͷЩѾע֪Խ෴ͽաˮǵλ棬㻹Ǵ֮аɣҪ֪ΪˮǵػߣһˮǱˣɾ͡
ţˮλ˸һйϵ
ʵЩ벻ͨˣȻˮλػߣûػøԼҲйϵ
һľ㵣׵Ѳ֮ǰǸһûи㣬ػ߸ػλֱӵĹϵ
ոȥǼһһֱڲҵʲôػߣʲôҲû˵̫డ
ҲһƣԭΪˮλԼûɶϵأ
㰡㣬ΪʲôܹصĴˮλɽ磿Ϊʲô˲ܣȻкôȻҲҪ۵ģ
һεĿףʵղҲˣһĺöΪʲôԼλػԼأ
ڱԼλ棬Լһ㶼֪ɣ
һԵҲü棬ǡˮλ汻˸ˣʦҲŵùˣ
ֹùϾԶˣǲҪΪڲƭǡ
ûûУĻȻŵģҡҡͷ
̾һҼǵúܶǰʱһλػߣ츳ҲǼΪ׿ҲǶһĴڡûĶ֣ɾôһˡ
˵ߣҲ̾һ
˵棬ؼʱڼ˵ҲǼˡ
˵ţƵĺܰ
һֵһΪ츳ߡʵǿУЩҲҵһϾһʵ̫ǿˣǺһΣǼһλ汻˸ˡ
һλ汻˸ˣأ׷ʵ
ʵλҲΪ֮˸֮ˣ֪λҪԡûа취ΪλػߣԼλͻܵ޾ĳͷ
Īֱˣ׵ɴ۾ʵ
ǵڣ˵ʵֱһ룬˵˵ǲûһλػӦ֪£ԭΪһػ߸˵أ
濴׵
΢΢ҡͷ֪ĻȥɽʱҾ͡
֪ҲֻҪˮλеĻôɽҪһЩ鷳ˡ
΢΢һЦ
鷳棬ⷵɽ絽鷳
״˿Ҳһͷ󣬸оûԼɶϢ




2575·̵鷳
 

ڣ
ʼմһ˿ȻЦݣ鷳һı飡
һλǿӦе̬
ױŪһһէģҲЩʵĸо
ӣһԵ棬ν鷳ĪΪˮλ汻뵽֮Уһǵɷͨ͵Ǹɽ
˵ûԭطǧ֮Уڵǻȥͨɷͨȥģڵ鷳ͨɷͨȥǡ
濴˿ףͣһ£
ǱҪҾɷ֮ͨǿռ籩ĴݲУƵʵ
ǺǣСӵһ͸ûа취㲻ˮλ桭
濴ףҲε˵
ԭҲͲˣ֮ǰôһ˵˵ôܲأһһͷֱӰˮλǲˣ˵ǿأǿأ
Ҳû˵֮ǰ˵ôأԼôܲأ
οԭĴҲǴŵģֻǶһҪˣ
ǴˮλɽĻôǻ˼˶żһʱˡ
ʱȥɽ磬Լ˵
Ƚ۳ʱǳˣ
۳ûн֮ǰ֮еıȽϵİȫһЩ
Сӿҵĺߣ֮ǰѣһСӳʲô⣬ʱÿ޵Ǿˡ
Ҳû˵һϵˣ
鿴׺ʦֻܹ֮еɷͨɽˣ
ǸɷͨڵȷãɷͨĳǿɾͲ֪ʲôطˡ
΢΢ҡͷȷǼʶȽϵĹ㣡
׿棬أҾͲռ籩ܰô
Сӻǰɣ
濴ģҲƵ˵
׺ٺһЦ棬ǲǾϺ
ðɣֻܹ֤ˣϾռ籩ʵҲǿõģǿǿԵģҲҪָõȥ
濴ףҲѵ
ʵϣΪʲôҪ棬ʵΪ֮ǰԼʦԭ
Ϊɷͨһ³
֪ɷͨжôǿˣ
׵ʵ֮Ҫ߳һأ
ҲǸ߳һѣǿõȽϵĻɽ֮˾ǿ̫һЩ
žУ׵˵
һֵСҪҲǺܸˣȻӦˣͲҪʲôˡֻռ籩ʵǿҲรɡ
棬ҺôҲ֮˰ɣ⡭ռ籩Ҳһ
׿棬Ҳüͷ
ҡҡͷɲʲôռ䷨ƬʲôģǿǿߵĹӵ֮ЩŴҲ˵㵽ʱȥ˾֪ˣ
ʦ磬ֱߣǡһʵ
׿Ȼˮλ涼뵽֮УȻֱˣǳµʱ䣬ɽҲ֪ôˣ
ͷȻ˵ĻȻ粻˳ٰ
ˮλ棡
λƺûκεı仯ֻԭˮλѾǱ뵽֮У
Ϊˣ׻ص濪һռ䣬Ŀռ㹻
ĻһĴķҲװµģ
ʦ磬ɷͨˮλ֮УĵطҲ֪ף˰
鿴ףҲһƣ
ɷͨԭЩԸἰĴȴû뵽׻ҪھһΣ
ǸܹɷͨĿֲģҲǱɷͨŪ߻أһ͹ˣ
ʵܹȻվߣ
ɼᵽǿнɷͨʱҲһĻŰ
СӷİɣȻ˵û£ǿ϶û£Цŵˣɽɡ
ݣ
׵Ӱʧɷ֮ͨУʧɷ֮ͨеʱҲͬʱʧԭأ
˿̵ףһ籩ģ˵Ǳʲô˺һ㣡
˺֮Ĳǿ׽ҲǸɷͨѹ
ֲüǶɽ٣ҲԸɷͨ
ɵۼʵ߶ǳԲ
ΣղŽʼҲٴһĳǰ۶ȥ




2576δ
 

ռ籩
νĿռ籩ʵϾɿռ֮ɢĹ
ȹƽȴ쳣ıŰ
ǿռ˺֮ʵϾ൱ǿߵĳ֣Ӳÿռ˺ѱˣ
һռ֮зҪһ㣬׵ǿ߻ԵĻ͹ˣ
ǿĹǰߵĻǳԲ˰
׵üͷ壬Ȼ֪ǿߵֶΣ
ٵʱȴֱ֮ԼĻҪֲ֣
ǿռ֮м׽ƾճһ㣬˷ʤ
ռ֮
ǳѰĹֶΣ
һ̣ƺҲЩû뵽ռ֮Ȼôã
ôԺԼսǿߵʱǲǿ
׸ɽǿȣƿ¾ʱͿռ䷨ˣ
֮ǰͣһЩΪĽ׶Σڿռ֮У·һЩµĸ
ˣǹȥĻǿ¾Ҫɷ֮ͨˣ
׽üͷҲҪ
ҶҪȥģȻ˵ĻҲֻӲͷƤǰˡ
ݣ
һӰɷͨʧֻԽߣԽǸоһֲֿѹ
ಣ
ĵӲ׵ǻ޴ɶ㣡
׵ϴ˿ҲǱЩռ֮иŪǱѾûһƤˣ
ǿ
ڶռ֮еֻ֪һǱ̫ǿˣ
֪ӦʲôķЩ
ףí˾һӸҳȥֻܹʮӵʱ䣬ʮ岻ȥĻǡҲûа취ˣ
׵Ժ֮𣬴˿̵״ڴڵĴŴ
ʮӣʮĹ
ײ֪Ҳûκεİ취
ȻڹΪɵڵĳǿߣҲǿõĹ£ûκεĻ֮ģ
ʱͿռ䷨Щǿǣʵ̫ǿˣ

׸оԼΧѹȻһɣܲĳɷͨ۶ȥ
ʮšˡ
ʱһһţ˿׵ٶᵽһֲĲΣ
ɽڣǰ
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ˣ
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׵Ӱʧɷ֮ͨУˣɽ֮У
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׵Ưĳһ֮Уû֪ǻ
ʵϣѾҪˣ
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׵ʱΪԼӦÿİ³ɹӳ졣
û뵽ˣǱɷͨˣ
Ͳô֮һʱ䣬׼ɳɷͨһ˲䣬һǿޱȵĿռֱ֮ĺ֮ϣ
δ
ʱ鿿Լ׵˴ĹĻڵѾ촦ˣ
Ҫ֪Խǽӽɽĵطǿռ֮оԽΪǿң
˼Ҫɽһ̣ɷͨڿռ֮лΪƵɱĵط
ڶһӣǧ֮һʱ䣬ξͳ׵ĸıˣ
ֻϧôأ
ڣ
鼸ޱȣѾǽһ˯Ľ׶Σ
ҲòȥȥݲҰסһϢ
Ϊڳʵ֮ǰһɷͨľҪ΢ĺһЩ
Ҳ֪ûǧʱָҪָ̫ܣ
Ȼںף㣡
Ψһĵǣŷ΢
Ҳ֪һ˵Ĳᰡ
о״ûܹصƣļģ
Ҫ֪Ϊռ֮˺Ĳһ㶼ˣ
οɽ֮أ
ɽĳ

һļ֮ƺ͸棡
һƬĶһ½أӦǴ󺣺½֮ӵ㡣
˸оЩĸо
˿һƬ򸽽żСںεţ
׻˵úãɽɽˮˮ
⿿źȻҪŴˡ
⼸ҴӦǸǾԵںϴһЩĶȥ滻ȡһЩԴ
Ҫ֪֮źܶ͵޺챦
֮ҲΪʲôһҹģҲΪںѰɥģ
Ϊɽ֮ˣû˸״˭ҪΪǿߣ
ԣһƬ֮УѰ֮Ҳ
ף⺣ϾȻƯһˣְ
һСƺض飬ǵĴϷһЩɫ챦ȻֵǮɿȥҲͦ۵ģ
ֻǿƯЩʬһˣҲüͣ




2577
 

һҳԼĪʮҵĴֻŷ緫ͣ˺У
½Ҳֻа֮ң
ʵϣطǶ½һƬӵĿɽĴ½
¹
С˿ȥ쳣ʵǳھǿźѰάǵ
ΪɽʵһƬʵô
ӳһǲǱ޸Ū˰ҪҪ
һڴֻ˵˰ԲȥҲ쳣
ֻԱߵλصŮӣƺȴ˵죡
Ůԣ¹ҵˡ
¹ǼѰҵģļҲΪѰ
¹Ȼ¹һξ룬¹뺣ڣСַǷ
ÿѰ鶼вٵģԴŵҲڶѰеһֻѣ
ֻһѰʱȴû뵽Ƭôֵ飡
һ˵޶սľ棡
ԿһԵ˵˵ֵĺܣȥ¹ǵˣӦѰİɣ
ǰӳҿǶһ²һ°ɣҲ鷳أһ¹ǵѰʼǴʱŪô鷳Ļ
˵˱µĵһͽֻ߱˵ʱҲ¶һ˿ԥ֮ɫ
ԿȵҲҵķ񡣡
ӳ֪ɽթοʵЩҿǻСΪϰɣ
þ˲粻ȣľ˵Ļôʱһ鷳Ǿͳˣ
΢΢ҡͷȻˣвɣȽ˴ߣʱܹѣǾ߲͵ˣ
ѣµʱ򡭡
ԣһֱŲˣ
ԳôģֻǾȸ˶ѣֲʲô˵ˣѲɻһСС𣿡
ӳҲǸ˼Ȼӳ˵ˣǾ;£
ҲΣһԵļԵ˼ҲǽԭƯں֮е׸
ʵϣ׸ովɷͨǿ󹥻ܹѾˣ
ԭʵ쳣ǿĻָҲǷǳǿ
ڳ˯֮ǰǽڵ䵽׵ϣ
ĻҲָܻٶޱ֮죡
˿̣
׵Ժ֮ѾѵʶֻоԼȫ¼ܶ
˲ԼŹ˶õĻҲָܹģ
ں֮Ư˽µʱ䣬Ҳ˳Ưߣˣ
¹ĳ֮ۡУ
ױ˷һڣ֮ǰǸԺ֮⣬֮˶ѾЪϢȥˡ
˵ԼģҲǳеһεľ
ֻԵʵȻ˰ƺûпó׵˶صˣ
׵ıһԼһҵ˿ڣ֪׵ô˵ģ
ȥƺûһ˿һȥһ֮˰
ۻСĴ׵Ҳ
ԵӳһﲻǱ޸ϵ˰ɣ
֪һǲ̫óʲôˣҪȻһҽɸ
ԿһԵҲҧҧ˵
ӳ˰ɣֲǲ֪ҸҵĹϵοҽɵļ۸ǼΪİģǿ¶һܹܵ𰡣
ЩֵĿԣЩˡ
Ե˵ǸҵĹϵҵȻ֪β˱óģοֲǲǮѲⲻ
ӳΪһʲô֪ˣֵ𣿡
ԣҲĹĵ˵
Ҫ֪ҽǿ¹ΪˣѼΪİ
һ˿ܲģԼĶӳȻҪҽɣоԼĶӳĪǷ˲ɣ
ѲǿɣȻˣȻҪȵףԼҲ֪Ծܼȡοֻҽɿôˣ
ǡǺðɡ
һԣҲ̾һȻʧſڵķ
׻۾ʵ𽥵Ļָ
ȻָʱȽϵĻҲ֪ȵһ֮ʵָͻѸٵĶˡ
㡭ˣ
ԸղŸ˵Żȵת֮ȻѾ۾ҲǼʵ




2578Լ
 

¹ĳ֮ۡУ
Լ˫ۣתͷŶԣ
ǰŮ˴Ų£ȴҲڲסŮİģ
ȷһǳƯŮ
ɽ֮ŮƣһЩŮҲǺ顣
׶֪ԼδȻ۾ȴֻǿһԣ
ԿһֱԼҲЩ֪룡
ܿԾ͵һ۵ҡ㻰أ㡭㵹˵
лң
׸оԼȫһʹǿռ֮еȷ̫б
ʱ䣬Ȼ˵Ĵ
ǰǾԲܵģԼûܹ˵ġ
ɷͨ
Ȼʲô˶ܹģǿԼҲֻܹ
һǲƴ͵ĻԼԼʦҲǲ࣬ˣ
ҡʵҲûʲôԼ˵ġЩε˵
óƺǺʵڵһ
¶һ˿Цݵܷܲһ¡
ɡԡ
̵ͷףȻ
׵ɫҰףĺ鲻ϵµΣ
ʹ
׺ܾöûгζˣ
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ָʵĿǰ֮أûüһεĿֱӿʼˣ
ЩεĿףױ۴ӣҲƵ˵⡭һﵹһ㶼
Ҳδ뿪Ͼȥҽˣֻܹطš
ȻˣڵԵ˺ܶ࣡
Ϊ˼ѾˣôʱҽɿûµĻҲˡ
ĻҽһĻԼƢЩ̲ס
ʱʱһζ
ԸоһģЩƵȥôʱˣȻҽɶ벻

Ҳǳĺһ˿̸оԼѾǺ˺ܶ࣡
ԭ洢׵Ļָٶ벻Ѹ٣
֮ǰ׻һӣѾǿжˡ
ȻʵָĻôɺõĿʼǳɹһ룡
ף㡭㾹ȻԼˣ
Կף֮Ҳ
֮ǰҪԼŲܹվˣɽʱ֮˼ұԼµ·ˡ
ָٶȣֱСǿһ㰡
ݸһЦãڻûʲôˣհ
ңҽԣأԿЦʵ
ԥһµּ򣡡
ֹӣ㡭֮ǰΪʲôƯںϰǲǵ֮ѰȻޣ
ԿףҲʵ׵黹ͦȤġ
һ㶣漴ϣµȷһЩ鷳һɥˡҿ󣬷ʬ嶼Ҳˡ
⵹ҲӦò¹˰ɣԿЦʵ
ô֪ҲЩֵʵ
ط˴źطҲû̫ŮôͶ϶ԼǱأ
ܼ򵥰Ϊ¹˳ȥѰһ㶼й̶·ߵġͿ׺òˣޣǾ˵ߵΣյˣӦþͲ¹ˣ
ԿףҲ󷽵Ц
׹һֵµĲҵȷߵˣطʲô֪
⡭ôܣǡôأֹӣԲʵ
˵ԺпյĻһ˵˵ҵղſе¹ʲôطģ
׿ԣҲЩɻʵ
ЦŵǶ½Сǰɽĵ򻮷ֵĻӦ¹ʳ
¹ʳüʵ¹ʳĸ۳
۳Ӧ۳ɣԿ׵
ʵϣ۳˵ʵЩңԶˣһֻἰʳڵ۳ἰ
ˣҲЩĻشţ׵ݻһЩȤ
۳
ҲһԼƫƫ۳ľڣ
ڶ۳ĻôȫֱԼȥ۳ĳˡ
ʵδָ¶ԼпΣա
ҲεĺܣڿֻܵԼʵָ֮˵ˡ
ǰ¹ʳ۳ģʲôֹӡԲʵ
װڰֵûûУֻǺʶѣ
ҽˡ
Ը׼˵ĶҲǳ




2579ʨӴ󿪿ڵҽ
 

֮ۡУ
һӳڵķ˹
ֺһκ˷е̬ŵȷЩܲˡ
һԵȻܲ˵ˣ
Ȼ˵ĺ棬Ǹ˶ԿóǳĲˬ
أ
˵˽ţҲԿ˵ҽɣ
Ҳ¹Ǽ֮һҵˣֻƫѧҽˡ
¹طһѰ֮ڶ࣬˵Ҳ
ְҵҲǱȽϵĳ㣡
ֻҺҵĹϵʵǲôΣһҵҲſ
Ͼ¹ֲֻһλҽ
һ˿ȥʮֵأұָо
ſҩɽȵˣ֮²뵽ţ
ȻҲرԸŵǣ㿴ҸʯҲͺˣ
οѣӵĲˣ
ҽɣ᷿֮ڣ
ǸѾͷأĳˣȻԹӭӣ
ſһԵҲʵ
ҽɣǶӳչ֮ˡ˵
֨
ƿţſԺվŵףҲסˣ
ԣеĲأ
ɨһ᷿֮ڣҲǳʵ
Ȼ֮ǰ˵һΣزˣӰӶûп
ǿԺһ᷿֮ڲ֪ڸЩʲô
ҽɣλǡ
ԿţָָһԵ׵
ˣңԣôĵӣЩŭѣóʮֵ
ҽ˵ЦˣԭֹӵȷϢ΢Բѡǲ֪ôΣֹԼѹˣҲû̫ĹϵҪȻҽɸֹڿ
ԿţһȻ˵
׻ԲѵĻҲ֪ſ϶ǰٰѵ֡
ſվߣˣ
ߣȻĲѾˣĳͲˣһ
ֹӣȷҪ𣿡Կһεѯʵ
װڰֵҵһҲˣҲգ
ҵ˰ϷˣˣȻĳҽֺα̬أĳڴģԺ֮˿
ŭˣҲһ㶣
û뵽žȻ˵ľܵʲô̼һ㣡
ţ㡭ȻҩɽȵˣҩɽȵĹ㾹Ȼأ
Ҳһ˵ĵŵĻûκεĺôģ
ߣҲǿ˵ģϷˣңҲ˵
ſԣҲ¶һ˿Ȼ
ҸԼᣬȻҪⷢˡ
׿˿ţҲ΢΢ҡͷ֮ʵô
ԼҲǿһŵ˵ССҽѣαſ񣿡
㡭ǴĸʯͷQģúúãҲϷˣңȻҡԣϽŻźˣ
ſԣȻŭ壡
Ͼ¹ͷοԵĳ
ôҲԲܸһСѾͷȥġ
ҪǴȥĻǾ̫ˣ
ʲô𣿡
Ҳһ㶣һﶼûиҪ
װǰɣĳһֱҪģǹأ
ſԣһת
ʵϣŸβĻȷҪȡһЩģ
һ㶼ǺٵģϾɽ˻Ǻܶġ
¹СطʯǼΪϡȱһԴ
ڿԾȻ֪أŵҲڵðһ뷨
ӳ֮ǰȷ˵Ҫȡģ
һԿڵ֮ǰŸԸǺܲסçǱߴСУŴӦˡ
ԭҪһʵģû뵽˾ȻԼˣ
Ψһܹ뵽İ취Ҳˡ
ԸԼһΪ¹Ϊҽôżưոأ
ǴȥĻԺŻʲôλԣ
ãȻǴӦˣɣһƷʯ𣿡˦һöʯȥЩ᲻ã
һƷʯǴҪأһǧƷʯһҲ٣
ЦһֻһԵԺҲǳ׵Ȧˣ




2580ŵĵ
 

¹ǣ
طԭʲôɽ縻֮أ
һƷʯһҽĳ˵ѾǼΪĸ߰ˡ
Ͼ˵һûп׵Ĳ鲻
ԭǲģϾһƷʯǿˣ
һ˵ĳãϾһǧƷʯѣ൱ʮƷʯ
һƷʯǼ˵ʮķˣ
ҲǲҵǰӣЩʹǳ˵Ĵ󷽣
ֻԭΪŻм㣬û뵽˲ûимԼԩͷ
ţǲǷˣҽҲҪһǧƷʯĳѣֻҩɽȵ棬۰ɣ
Ե¶һ˿Цһȫ֣
һǧƷʯԼˣԲܸģ
οһǧƷʯ˵ҲһʲƵľ޿ˡ
ܹóҲǼΪۡ
Ҫ֪νѰʵôı
һҹˣ¹ôѰ֮Уûгֹ˵õʲô̫õĶ
еĻô岻׬ˣ
¹һֱǷƽ˾˵ʵνĺѰҲһֶζѡ
ɲʲôɸؾʲôر֮أ
ĺöͱе޸Ūˣ
ʵ֮бصȷǷǳĶ࣬Ҳȥðɣ
һ⺣кöĻǻ϶޺еĵطֵطһ仰ݾͿˣ
ȴû
ˣνѰ鿴ȥͦߴϵģȴȽϵ
¹ǵļ壬ʵҲˣ
ֻڱ˵ʵҪ΢ǿһЩõĺö΢ĶһЩѣ
Ҫ˵ĺöǻûôʶ
ҲΪʲôԾ˵ԭ
ЦһԣСѾͷȻ֪ŵıҩɽȣӦ֪ҿɲܹġ
ôΣҩɽȵ˻˲ɣŭһ
ˣǵҵҩɽȵ˻ῴϣ˵ҩɽˣҶǵ㶫
ЦһȻͬΪ壬¹ǵĵһ壡
˵ĩνļĵλпܲˣ
ЩһֱҪ̲ңҲҺЩƲһԭ
ߣţ޳ܵģûмô޳ܵġһǧƷʯԲûУ
ҲøŷϻˣԲܱһթģ
ŹһЦԣΪ㲻Ͳˣ֪ҽݿҩɽȵķֺ֮һ¹һû˵˭Ƿŵʯأ
ҩɽôˣҾͲҩɽȸ˵ĲҪ
Կţ۴ĸǶһﲻҪҵĴ
˵ҲҪ¹ǵһҽ֪ƽʱжôæµȷһǧƷʯЩ࣬ҲҶϷˣҵһֳͷ˵ȥҲϷˣҽȡ
ԾԼеŵĻһҲЩԥ
֪ŽʱյĵλҪǲܵġ
ڹ˵˵ִһʣŵıǿҺҩɽȡ
ҵôһأ
Ų
˿̵ԿȥΪѣ֪ǻĻôʱ¶Ҳǲ
ΪһֱҪ¶ˣһֱ̲
Լ֮һ飬û뵽ҵ˸ץ˰ѱ
ܲЩ
ֻһСļ֮֮УѾǲȻ˻˼ϰߣ
ԣÿһǧƷʯȻ࣬ȴֱܹܻ
ŵĻüͷȻһ˼вԼ
ӳҵʵ̫ˣǲôһ
ûйô飬ıƢѾܲˡ
˵һçҲҺ
ȱ˵ʮֵӿ˿쳣ı
ΪԼ֮ǰΪеڣһȲʤȯĸо
֪һǳԶԼˣ
ſԵ˵ʱޣһʱòһǧƷʯҿɾȥҪ˰
ţ㡭̫ˣŵ˼
ҽǰɣ
һĪչ֮ʣ׵һˣ




2581
 

֮ۡУ
һ߸ϵ̬Եֵ֮޼ɵ
ѾͷԼǿǹֲ˭!
ʵΪҩɽȵˣԭЩ޼ɵ
ֻҩɽһ򲻲ҲҩɽԼµĹء
Ҳֻܹţһβͬˣ
һοɲ£ԹϷˣԼ
ʲһˣ
һֱӽ
ʱҩɽȵѯԼҲܺ߰
ϾҵϷˣҩɽȵˣʱ˵ҩɽҲ߲ܺǣ
ֻſԼҪͷʱȴû뵽ǸȥЩСӾȻˣ
ŵ͸һӲм֮ɫߣҺûɣѲˣ
ţΪϲ𣡣ɫһֹѣ
ѣʲôȥҰźٺһЦ
׵˵ҽɣҿûУ
ߣԼ𣿻õҿ˵
Ȼ˵ĻһǧƷʯǺ˵ˣ׳ʵ
ôϷˣҩɽȵˣǿҪ۵ģ
ſףСӻͦģ¹ǻûж˸ǰ˵ķ
ҽ
ְҵǳ⣬ɽĵλʵǱȽϸߵģ
ȻȲʦʦְҵȶԳְҵ֮⣬Ҳŵҽˣ
οŵıҩɽȳҵκˡ
ȻǺ˵ģڸһλᣬú˵
׿ɲʲôʡ͵ĵƣȻʵָһ㣬ǼǻָٲЩҲǲеģ
ο˼ΪԼűһѹŵģȻ᲻ܣ
Ӵǣû뵽ĳôɫҺǰɣ
ĿףΪҽʵǲģ
ɾڣ
¹Ȼ㲻ʲô֣ȴҲеƫˡ
¹ǵȻԣȴǳܳԿټǳ뺣޶ʵǲ
ֻΪԴѷһ˵ҪΪɻʾǿ߼ǲܵģ
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ֻһԵԸ±ˡ




2582¶ӵ
 

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Ժ˿̶ֻ뷨ʵ̫һˣ
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ĿŻھףҲһ
û뵽ԼˣһﾹȻ˵ĵ
Ժ˵ĵݣҲǼĸȹϵһ㣡
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˭㻹ûʸ֪ҩɽȵǰɣҽ֮Ҳˣѻͦ߰ɶҲûпҪһǧƷʯĳѣȻҩɽȵ̨ǲһ
䳰ȷҲĿֵ
㡭˵ʲôһǧƷʯĳѣһĵȷ̫ˡ
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㡭㾹Ȼҩɽȣŭһ
׾÷ԼҪˣԵţҪȻһȣҩɽȵˣֵΣ




2583ҵĶע治
 

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׵˵ƣصƣ
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Ȼҩɽɽ粢֪¹ʳľڣǾԴмţ
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ֻҪԼʵָˣʱԼ뿪Ҳ٣

ȻҽʵҲɾ۷壬𾳽Ҳһ֮ң
ಣ
һĨ˵ϢϯҵԺ䣡
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ԿףΪ״˿ǱɵˣҲǸϽѵ
һ룬ѾӶڵˣ




2584¸Ʒջ
 

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Ժ˿ѾŵĲ֪˵ʲôźˣ
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οأ
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ԿӣüͷְֱֹӾҵǼ˿»֪أֹǲĻҵǰΣ
һˣܿʧһƬǳ¹ǵķֱȥ




2585ľϲ
 

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֪ûһĹ
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ǿһŭȷѪ갡
׵Ѿǳķ򼲳۶ȥεĸ˺棡




2586ټ
 

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ʵ϶˵Ҳһͷˮ
峤һ˶һĿɿڴ
ǰλֹӾͺ֪ʲôطһȷǸûмһ
ķ
˶ţΪүүԴӳط֮󣬼㲻
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ҵĺԺ
һССĺһƬľ֮
˾;סҵĺ԰֮У˹ţ
ȿȿȣ
һĿ洫˳¶һ֮ɫ
ԭӦΪֵø˵飬ȳȴһĿˣ
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᷿ŴˣһϤҿȥһЩӳ׵ĸǰ
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С֣㡭ôᡭ
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ʵҲų׵ðģ֮ǰǧʱ䣬Ǹʱأ
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ο֮Ǿ͸ӵûʱȥѰˡ
ɽ֮ҪѰһ˼ֱһ㣡
׿ϣɫ¶һ˿Ȼϣû뵽߼ˣΪʲô
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ⲻ̫üʵ
ЦŵʵҲûʲôģ֮ǰ峤ѯҵǴӺζʱҵĻش½ߣ峤ǵ𣿡
Ȼǵãʱ˵½ߣĳǷǳģ
Ҳǵ
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ɽ磬ߺɽȣǵʵǿԸ㣬ᶨ
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ЦŵСָҵͬһ֮ˣ峤û˵СҲġ˵ʵǶûָܹҵСˣ
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ɽʵ̫ˣҸ˾һ㣬ôװ֮ͬͬ࣡̾һ
ǰ˵һ˵ء˵Ķ۳۾ǽ֣ǺǣڼȻȷֹӸǷ򸾵Ļôͺðˣ
Ҳǰ뿪Ц˵ʵϼ׾ͽףҲʶ׾Ƕ۳ĵ۾
Ҫ֪Ƕ۳ĵ۾ʲôˣ
峤ȻǶߵĻЩҾֱˡΪʲôˣΪ֮أＸ٣
׻һתüͷѾšһ֣




2587ڣұ֮
 

նȻЩأ
˵ϣ׿ԵóһۣǱƺӦʵһ㣡
֮ǰҲܲԼ
ֹӣ鷢˰꣬
Եͳó˵ʱ쳣ߡ
һԵϴĻЩݺ˵СְǰǵﲻһֱֵڣΪܹһ棬촹û뵽ĳˡ
ǰֹӣҩɽжԼ֮ˣɱҩɽҪǿܶడ
ףҲ΢΢һ̾
˵׸ҩɽȵѾõĻôӵĲ˵ˡ
˵ˣʵ̫ˣ
һЩʵ״ˣ˵Ϊȥҩܵ𣿡
ҩǲǶһ˵Ƕѣ΢΢ҡͷ
Ͽ׵С֣治үү㣬˼
˼أҲĻϾÿ𣿡
׵ĸʮ㣬һȻ֪ģ
οԼŮأΪϱѲɲҪ
֪һ𲻵ˣпң
ⲻԸ⿴飬ΪԼŮԼң
Ϊܹȥ
˵㵽ʱչҲϱ֤˵ȥ
ڲ˵ѭԸѣ
С֣үүһȰòãǰǲ𰡣ϵ
Цһɽ绹ûǲˣ

ʮİ
һ׵Ӱ˵ĸǰƺôĸߴ
Ҫʲô˲ܹ˵֮Ȼ˶ڴţ
Ǽ˼ҴţţҲ˸оһѪڰ
СְɽŶꣿɽɲ磬ǿ󣬿˵һָͷȲϣӦ֪İɣ
ϿףҲǵ
׵֮Ĩһ˿ĺ峤ϣܹ飬ĳԵУ
׵ֹӣʵҲ޷ҲΣܴ֪ܲءʭӶ˲ծ˲ȻֹǱʰɡ
˭Ūӵģ׳ʵ
巣
˵һ֣һԳ֮˶оһĲ죡
Ϊƺû˵֣ȥΪͨ
巣׿üʵȻû˵ô
ֹֻӲֹ֪Ӧ˵ɣ
ףҲἰһŵ֣
ո˵ڵʱһԵԵ˶Ѿɫ䣡
ڣ
һȻĴڣ۳¶ǵİɣ
Ҫ֪ľ̫幬ʢһʱʱƺͷûôĴ
ֻڵϢ׻ûʲô
Ϊ׵Ժ֮беɽϢΪޣ
ǹ۳ģڻǼ١
ں;̫幬Ӧûʲô̫Ľ
磬⡭ôأ֮ǰ˵¹ʳ𣿡Ҳ°Ͷ쾪ˡ
¹ʳǿɾͲһ˰
̾һҲֻһ˵ʵ̫ǿ󣬶ڵ֮һ˵ҵôܵأĻ¡
Ϊʲôнģǵ˵ӴôССļ֮˹ȥأ
׿šüͷʵ
һԵϵѰһӡӶһֱǿƣ˴⡣Ҳƴ׹뺣С
ô˵׼۸ˣ
׵ϲ˺˪˭ҲԿó˿̵ķŭ֮ɫ
ϸϽС֣ѾȥˣҲ̽ˡʵ̫ǿˣǡǻǴӳɣ
ڣұ֮
̾һⲻ˵ݻѣ
ڣⲻǳô
Ӵţ˵˵أ
ףˣ
˵⻰ʱ᷿洫һ
ѵһ̣ΪԼʲôþȻ׵
Ҳǳ⺰˹ȥֻԼƺϣҪˣ




2588̫ܴף
 

᷿֮ڣ
׵ӰĸǰʱԭЩ֮Ĩһ˿ɣ
׵ͻȻ֣ۿһӾͺ
ֻӹڵҪоһ
㲻Ҫ
׿Ҳһǰ
ܿ׵Ļ֮УȻʹɣһ˿ԿóӺܿġ㣡
㡭ˣҾ֪ģ
ף˳Լ˳
ˣһе鷳ˡȰҾʹ뿪ߣ
ףͲҪƭˣԼĲԼ峤Ҳҹܶҽҿˣ֪ҵʱ޶ˡܹʱп㣬Ⱳˣ
¶һ˿Цݣ˵ƺûôĿ£
ۿͨ죬ԼŮģҲ쳣ۣ
ܹţ˭Ըȥأ
΢΢ҡͷ˵ܻܹš˺ˣҶȻ֮أ
Ҫ
һҵĿԣƺΪɫǲ԰һЩ
ˣ
һǿע뵽ڣһ˲䣬оԼһЩ
ʱʵŻָһ㣬ʢʱڵĻĲȻأҲʲô£
ΨһƵǣʵδָ
ǿеĸƵĻЧǲ̫Եģ
пܳһЩ벻Ľ˵ʧܣ
׸ղ̽һ£ٻӦûġ
ο׻ָҲҪôʱ䣬׵ҲпԻʹĵҩ
Ȱ⼸ŵҩ£
׵У˼öɫĵҩЩҩڿռ֮ɢҵĲ
۾ŶЩֱˣΪⵤҩǲԶģ
ʵϣȻһЩҽΪǵĲ׽⣬ԸҲ벻ʲôҽ
ټܵʵ̫أҲֻܹˣ
˵ҩоԼԭʹѾʧ˴룬Ҳ¶һ˿ЦݵףҳԵʲôöأ
ת󻹵׳
ۣ
׿֮һԵѾǳ׵±ˣ
ת󻹵⡭ôܣǡ֮ǰȥ¹ʳʱҲʹˣ˵ҪüǧƷʯһö
ףһ˵Ļ̫Ǯ˰ɣ
ת󻹵һӾ͸ţǿǼֵǧƷʯ
С֣㡭ôת󻹵ҲǼʵ
ôˣ׷ʵ
֮ǰһλҽ˵ܹþת󻹵Ļǻпܿģ¶һ˷ܵı
׿ϵϣҲѧҽģ󻹵ȷܹһ̶ϻĲ顣ľ˲٣Ҳǧٿףת󻹵ǳȥǿٷ֮һЧﲻ
ٷ֮һЧû𣿡ϵһ˿ʧ䣡
һԵЦŵүүûµġһа취ġ
ͲҪοүүˣ̾һ
׿ϵ˵үүѾ˵ĲһûµģѲҵĻ㶼𣿡
ȻŰϾɽ磡ε˵
ʵȻʵǿҲǼٵˡ
˵ĻʵǺţԼǲŵġ
ײҪԼŮҪڣֱ췽ҹ̷
ôˣҲ˵Լװɣ
׵ף㣬һֱ㣡ܴܲӦһ顭
֪Ҫ˵ʲôڵҵŮˣǻҪûôõ飡
Цһгɱ
һԵƵ˵ֹӣѾҩɽȵˣ黹ûнأҪȥڵ鷳ɣǿӵɵǿߵŰ
ɵǿߣǺǣҲɱ˲ˣںô
ֹӣ㡭⡭
ʵˣһǲǷ˰ھ˵һЩ
Ϊڸ²ذɵǿ˵ɱɱģ
һԵ׵ĻҲüʵС֣㲻ڸǽ°ɣ
Ǻǣ峤ղŲѾ֪޵𣿡
׵ȻһЦһҲˣΪﶼԼˣ




2589ұ
 

ҺԺ
⼸˶ҵĺҲûдˣ
ֻʵܴ죬ǵ͵ĺܣ
ҰʶҲͽǵԼˡ
ʱ˵ȻҲû̫Ĺ˼ɣ
׵Ļ˶Ǿ㵵°Ͷˡ
һʱỹûзӦǸղ˵Ǿ仰ǷӦˡ
ף
λ۳ͷŵˣɽҲȵ
ֻҲڽ꣬ҸǼûκεĹϵϢҲֻѣ
ǿɽ綥ĶһʳСκεã
֮ǰ˵Լֵʱö۳ĵ۾Ҳ׵٩ױˡ
û뵽һ̣˼ҾȻ˵ԼǶ۳ĵ۾
˼飡
ֱǷ˼
һסˣţһʵ
״ˣ㡭ֹ֪ӵݣ
ԸղҲû⣬ϾѹûгǷȥ룡
һԵҲǿԼĴ磬ԵҲʮֵ
ղʲôʱ˵׵ˣ
ֵļһղԳޣҲЩȦĸо
ֹ֡ӣŶǶ۳λ𣿡
Ѿǲǰʵ
Ǹ׵Ļôǰ֮˵ĿֲͿ֪ˡ
˵ҩɽˣڵˣ˼Ҷ۾ǰҲǸѣ
׵Ȼɽ˼Ӱˡ
Ǻǣ峤޵һЩɣ׵һЦ
۳ĵ۾㡭ǰⲻܰ
׵ĻУǵɴ۾ס
ȻɽʵƽƽǶɽĻ컹˽ġ
ɽĴ۳
ôҲû뵽ԼķѾĴ۳֮һĶ۳ĵ۾ˣ
Ҫ֪׷ɽŶõʱ䣿ôģ
ϿףҲˣ𾪵ʵС֣㡭ѾΪ˶۳ĵ۾ˣǡǿɽĶڰ
ϡӦ÷˰ɣҵĻδʳԹ
׵ȻĿϺҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
˿ףֱһ̲ų׵ˣ˼Ҷ۾Ϊʲô˵ôĻ
ɵǿߣ۾ȷɱ˺ܶ࣡
۳ļλҲΪ˼ҵ֮꣡
ɫЩ벻ԥһ֮׼۾ôСС¹أǺ۳
ĵʵϾΪ۳ѾЩͬˮˣ
ʵ۳ˣ׺Ȼǵĵˡ
˵ˣ޸ˣ
׿һԣ˿̵ԻûдӸղŵ֮лع
׺ȻἰԼҲǸϽڰֵ۾ǧô˵ҲȣҲκεģ
ףˣ
ЩǵĿףҲҿʵֵܷ׵ǲˡ
İɣѾûˡʵָ֮˲Ҳʲô⡣صҲι
裡
˵֮ǰ˵Ҷһ˵Ļ
ô֮󣬴ұһжȻˣ
Ϻ˿ǵϸֳĶһĨ𺳺ͼ֮ɫ
磬׾ĳ֣
Ϊɽ磬ӦҲһСආϾɽ粻磬ɽȷǷǳѻ죡
ôҲû뵽ԼǧףȻѾΪɽľ֣
ʲôĿɽӵǸо
˿ѾȼϣˣԼǰˣгԺ
㣬㣡סĵͷ
һȻ޵ʱǱܰɣٹһң޻ָ֮޶Ȼ̤ƽڣ
ҵ֪ҵ֪Ȼ֪׵Ҫܡ
Ҳ֪һ׵عĻôʱ˼Ҷ۳ˣǿܲ
Ǻǣһż۳ȴû뵽˵Ĳۡһ֮ʵĻ޻пܻʲôҲ˵أҪлһҪлһҡ
׿Ҳ΢΢һЦ
⡭ʹð
׵ĻҲסˣܿڰֵ
ֻһҵˣѾĨһ˿ļ֮ɫ




2590
 

Ҵ˿һƬڣ
ȻֻСΧģôҲû뵽ԭⲻ²Ҫȴһ壡
۳ĵ۾
콾û뵽Ȼң
˼ǣԭˣȻδ۳ĵۺ
Ѿ˫Ҳ֪˵ʲôˣ
Щʱô棬㶼֪һ̵׷ʲô飿
ԭΪһεҩɽȿ϶Ҫˡ
أ
ʮһٸҩɽ˼Ҷ۾Уʲôأ
۾ҵĶأСŮܹҰ۾ǱСŮĸְ
Ȼû˷磡
Ͼɽ֮ˣȻҲһ˿Աġ
ԺһѾЩԸˣ
Ȼ䷢ԼĶӳľǷǳȷģ
ԭǲͬ˵ģǵʱȵĻҾ޷֮ˣ
¶һ˿Цݵ峤޾ˣ˵ҲҶ۳ˡ
⡭⡭ôҵ
Ǹʵ۳۳˵Ҫ
ȻɽɹһĹҸǶ˵ҪʲôǾԴ
ο۳µ¹ʳѾ᧿ΣˣܹΪ۾ˣһô
ףҲǺٺһЦף㡭Ըҵ𣿡
Ǻǣ֮˲㣬Ҳҵľˣǰ۳Ȼǻӭ֮Ҳи鲻ǣ
׿֮Ҳǳϧĸо
ôҲû뵽صˣһ뵽ߣһεķŭ
лʥϣҵԸ⣡
ʱڿĻǾǽˣ
οŶ۾ܱȴ¹ҪȫĶɣ
׹һЦȻ˵Ļޱ۳ӭ峤ˡҶ۳޵ʹҲû̫ĹϵҲ޵ҵһЩɡ
ʥϣʹðܹ붫۳Ѿҫ֮ˣôҪʥϵĶأ
ϽҡҡͷȻ׿ȥƽ׽ˣ
֪λ۾ǿɽɱ񼶱ﰡ
׿΢΢һЦ峤޲Ϊ۳¹ʯǧƷʮ
࣡
ߵʱ˶ˣ
۳ĺǿһƷٰ
ΪҪǣӵ˺δ֪ǧʯʮƷ
Ҫ֪¹ʳҲһܹõóʮƷ
һҵ˶ǱĺܣǸ˷ܣ
࡭лʥʹͣȶǣ
ŶףҲǼĹܿһԵҲ
Цŵλƽɣԡ
ڣ
Ժ˿Ҳ΢΢Ǹоھһ㣡
۳۾ݣѾǲˡ
ֻΪ׿ȥĲ̫ϵĵ۾ڻܹܡ
׿Ե޵ľˣ޻Ĳ֪ʹʲôˡҪʲôֻҪܹģ޾ģ
ʥϸѾˣԸϽҡҡͷ
װڰֵȻֵĻ޿»⣡ּ
ڡ
ԿףҲŵĹ
¶һ˿Цݵ޵ľˣҲĽã֪ɷԸҶ۳Ĺ
𾪵ĿףһԵҲĿɿڴ
۳
ȵλǾһԱģ
һ죬ڵԸ⣬Ǳһ죡
ǺǣãҲϼݸһЦ
⡭ôʹá
Գ׵Ȧˣû뵽Ⱥ¾ȻԼͷϣ
԰һԵѾǳ׵Ȧˣ
ԣ㻹Ÿʲôллһ
һԵԣҲǿһЦֻ׵ĳƺûôò
һ˭ҵ׵溰һﰡ
л¡һȣ˿Ѿ֪ʲôˣ
ΨһҵĿ¾ǵʱԼûԥľˣ
׹һֵˣȻˣǸλȴŰɡ޻ҪһʱָʱλͲҪˣ֮ޱأ
ʥϡ
˴˿Ҳ˷ܵЦݣȥҲڴ




2591ǿƵҩɽ
 

ҺԺ
׽֮пʼԼĻָڣӵʱҲһ̾Ϣ
ıƺЩƣ֪Ҫ취ѹ
׵뵽֮ǰõʯͷʯͷȻٶԻȴҲǼΪľ
ܱ޸ǿɣĻ޸ˣԼͷˣ
һƬռ֮Ҳ˲ٵټ׵ĿǰΪƿ֮У
գȴŽʱ䣡
Ļײ֪ҪķѶٵʱ䡣
ȷռ˱ˣ
ϥ
˿̣׵Χ
Ȼأ˵ĻָҲ쳣ľˣ
Ѫ
ȻָȻǷǳǿôأܹӲͦȥ
֮ײǻָԼʵ
ǰŸԭֻЩǣʯͷһȴصʧˣ
ƾôѰңƺ伣һ㣡
ܲ㳡
Щһֱһܵ״̬ǵѾ˺ܴı仯
˵ģΪ۳Ĺͳҹҫˣ
ֻڣҵĸǰȴΧˣ
ͷ֮˿ȥ糾һַ緶
վͷ֮˵ԱߺȻҩɽȵ֣
ֵԱߣһŽŮһ߸ϵӣ˸оһĲ
·ûеĶ
֣˵أŮüͷһ۵ɵϴʵ
ʦ㣬˵˾ҵȺӦûطɣֹ
ȻʦͷӦҲСʵŮӽľҩɽѷŮ
ľҽţɵһ;ҲнĲѷϲ
ԭһβľʵСġ
Ǻ˵ǸһϾȻиƷ׵ķʱҲŨȤ
ԭͷǳѵãɾĸֽܹƬҶմĻǾǸƷķˣ
Ҫ֪һƷķļ۸ǿܹﵽһֲĲεģ
˵ĻһҲԲԼʦҩɽȵѷǰ
ľЦһȻ˵ĻǾ˸ϽҵҪʲôͣҸҩɽȵˣᣡ
ѷ˵ߣҩɽȵĵӣƾһڱ֮أ
ٺᣬʵ԰
һյΨΨŵŵνǵʮ㣡
Ĺǹţδйģ
ѷһʵǺˣҪҵҩɽȵӵСӣҵɱ⣡
ҵ峤ֵͬӵģ
Ŵ˿ǼȻѾһĨʹζ˵ģ
ţ㲻Ҫſڴƻƣľ˭˶ûпֱӳѾҪһǧƷʯ
ԭҪѷһģû뵽ܿĻͱˡ
ľҩɽȵˣǻˣһ֮ǿСӵĻôҾҪΪСᣡ
λƺҲ̫˰ɣȻʵ΢ȴҲ̰֮
˿Ҳŭһ
⵹һҵһĿɿڴҩɽȵҶˣ
ž
ľƺᣬֶһƣ
ľڵʵ֮ҪһΣ
⧲֮£ҲǱľ͵Ϯ֣
ô㻹ҪŮֲɣ
ѷӣ粽ǰ֮͸һӵɫ
ĴŴؿЩ
ûʶ֮ǰĲôʶ֮Ҳǵõһ
ɱңҩɽȿҲ˼ʱˣ
ŭһƽһθɻʾǿ˵˵Լоһˬ죡
үү˾ȻҶҩɽȲɱľ˵
ѷˣҩɽȿɲΪССңֵĲ֣ǿɲҪֱڲسŵˣֵģڹ
س쳹ң
ǼӰŮƺЩ̫ǷˣȻԸ̣ܽôܽһ°ɡ
һ͸Ⱥڲľ֮Ҫŭ֮ʣ
Ѿ۾һڣֱӱȷ˳ȥ




2592׵Ķע
 

֮죡
˻δ˭ڳֵʱҩɽȵ֮ӡ֮ѾǱȷ˳ȥ
֮ǰľͬһβľ˿ȥ쳣
ȻֻһƣһƼҪ˲ľһ㣡
Ů˰ϵĸף˱֪֮˾û̫ĺֵģ
ѷ
ҩɽȵĵڿԼŮ˸֮ҲǱŭ
ڲѷ˵¹СطȻҲ˸ҵԼԼŮ
ǿ벻̣
һ˲䣬ѷǱĿѾ׵ϣ
үү
ľ׻˿һڼ˵ĸо
ԿóλݰŮѾɱ˵˼ˣ
ѷһ̧ʾԼŮҪ˵
Ȼľзߺ޲ѣסˣ
ѷŴԶ߹ˣЦһ»ǺֶΰֻѲɾͲҩɽȵıô
ǿͣȻλǱǿ͡Ӧ㣬˵ͷϣǱ㲻ǿˣ
վ˵ĸǰһµ޿赲
ѷǰ֮ˣҲһԥһȣ˭
¹ʳûпʲôԼʱܹ˵ĵʹݣ
ֵ֪ģʦǰ㾹ȻҴʴʣ
û뵽һﻹǹţİԼɾ۷֮˶ѣ
Լʦҩɽȵѷǿɻʾǿ߰
һ֮ϵģ
˵ȻôţЩ̲סˡ
һԵҲŭһǰˣҩɽʲôʱ˸ͷˣ
ˣѷһת׿ȥֹӣ֮ǰͽ˵Ҫҩɽȱҽ
ҽ˵ΪǺ׼ȷ׵˵
Ŷ֪µʲô˼ҲѷռȻˣǿûдֶ飡ϵĶԹóڵǿԿǷһ
ѷףҲĨһ˿Ц
˵ҩɽ˭ϣӵиƷķĻôɾǲѷˣ
Ϊɻʾǿߣѷźܸߵ׷ģ
һȻҲǱģ
ֻǲѷڻ̫һﵽ׽ĶʲôطˣҲǾ
ȱԽ֮󣬵ʱڶСҲٲ
ǿСƾҲҪϵĶǱ㣬˼أ
Цһѷа
ڵҲԸһСˣƤӣȻˣǱ㿪ʼɣ
ѷ˷ۣҲԵЩͷ
׵֮ǰȷ˵óƷΪע
ƷƷ
ѷһ׵ĻҲǼ
Ʒɵۼǿ߿ҲǴ߰ɣ
Ҫ֪Ʒһ̶ϿԵǿߵĹ
˵ɵۼǿ߹㣬Ʒܹһɵ
ǧҪСһɵⱻһÿԾҲ˵أ
οǿ֮ĽܹʡһǱһ
ԣļֵԲ˵ˣ
ѷһҲǱֿеķ˹˵ȻƷ
ȻǸӵļˣ
һֵ˻ҵƷʱҲĿ¶һ˿̰
ֻ֪ѷڳҪõⶫǲ̫ˣ
¶һ˿ЦŲӦ֪Ʒļֵ˰ɣ֪ܹóʲôעأ
עܹѾǸˣѷһ
˵ʵѹҲûԼ䣬ԼʲôҪ׼
˹ˣѾǸһˣ
ǻῪЦӮҲóȼ۵ĶעΪûκǰٷ֮ٵģҵĶעƷһƷ
׿Ųѷֻǲѷŵı޾̰֮ɫ
㡭㾹ȻмƷѷӶɳˡ
ӦùĵǣûȵĶעҽʵ
Ҫʲôѷеʵ
ǲòǿԶ׺ٺЦ
ôĿѷŭһ
кϷ˰ѷСӲֻռ˲Կɣһ㶼£Ƕҽ氡
ʱһϵ˵ĶУ
ֻǲѷ֮ɫһӾͱˣ
û뵽һȻ˹һε黹˲СĹע




2593Ǳ
 

ܲ
ѷ׼ͬʱſڿ˹ȥ˿̳˵֮⣬мȥȲҲ˽
ݹ٣ʧԶӭ
һλӳŲѷĸǰ˹Ҳ¶һ˿Цݵ
˱¹ǵĳ
Ϊ¹ǵĳǵﲻѷ
ֻѷʱδκˣҲڳſڰ׵һӲ˵ѷѾǵˣ
ѷ˵ˣ첻ҩɽȺ֮һЩ˽˶Թѣ
ϹҩɽȻûʲôϢȻһ˶簡
˵֮˱ǲѷУҽĸ᳤㣡
Ͳѷҽĸ᳤ҵڶȨˣ
ֻϧǣƺЩˮݣ
һȻ֪ΪʲôߣĳȻòѷЩˬˣ
Ϲ㻹ǹúӶ°ҩɽȵʲôǲеķŰ
ѷκεӣ⻰˵ҲǱһ㣡
ЦһϹҪһ֪СҽԶģ뱾᳤֤
㣿֤Ҳֻܹ֤ˣ°ܽѣѷЦ
һ˱ɵֶΣΪӮңһ
һ㻹䣡ѷ˵
׿˻˵ҪȸϽȣȸϽҸǰȥģʵİ
С˵ĺã
㿴׶ŲѷԣҲֳƿ
ѷһ㶣漴֮бŷһ̹ǵĺâСӣȱ֮ʰ㣡
Сӣ£۸㣡ҲݸһЦ
ֻҪܹòѷ飬Ըɵģ
һԵҲǴԲ᳤Ȼ¹ǣǻǺλҸΣ
Ȼ˵ˣȻҪġ
ѷ˿Ҳ̲Ϊĵ֪ҪӲģʱǲˣ
ѷ֪Լôʱ䣬ô׵ԼõƷͼƷأ
֪ҪߵĻΨһķӮСӣ
ѷҪʱ֦׵ĿҲʮֵӡ
ŲѷлȻǲλֹӱҽôȻԼˣ᳤ΪΣ
Դһ˿ĿŲѷҾЩ˶ҽ˼һС޶簡
һֵһʦôܻẦһСأ
ѷɫҲǱñ䣬һһͣȻԼ²̨
㿴ЦŵֹӰղҸ˵ȻƷͼƷ
ȻУ׵˵ôλҲȤ
ֹ֪ӵĶǴӺζЦʵ
˵ܣ
ϹʲôⶫҵĶע㲻ỹҪһŰɣѷһĻҲǷĿ
㵭˵ðɣȿʼɣҸղſλֹ˵ˣòƥĶƺֻܹ˰ɣ
ߣҲѷɲ
ѷ˵꣬ȴһȭͷСɫƿ
ʲô˵Ϲ㲻˼ֹӶԶİɣ
㿴ŲѷΪȫܲʲôĶ
ѷ˵ߣ㶮ʲôҸ㣬ⶫǵҩɽȵһؾ֮лõġ
ҾʲôѲؾõĶǺöˣֱЦ㼥Цŵ
ѷɫһ죬˵ʵⶫȥʵطǳĺã
оκεڣȥһͨĲܹͨƿˡ
Ψһܹòѷ֪ⶫ϶ľǣ⿴ͨɫƿȻ򲻿
۲ѷѶƿĸӾǴ򲻿
ҪΪƵϣĶǾԲóģ
̺ڿԱ֤ƿӾǶȲʶĻǿɾ͹ֲñˣ
˵ʵĲ̺лûʲô
㿴˿̺㣬ֿ˿׵ֹӣһҪ㰡ôƶȻҪƷͼƷĺҿͶϹͦʵģ
׵۾ɫƿԥһȻ˵ƴĶҾ͸һӣ




2594ֱӷĲѷ
 

˶סˣ
ѷóԼ֪ɫСƿӣ˶һûʲôöˣ
ĻôҲܹƷͼƷᲢۣ
ýֺͷ룬˶øܣ
˶û뵽׾ȻӦˣҵ֪׵֮Ǿײôɵģ
˼Ҷ۾ʹӦˣ˵ѷһӣ
ֻѷţҵ˾Բ˵ǣ
ⶫ۾ҪһССҩɽȵ
ֹӣ㡭Ȼͬˣ
ɫЩѿһǲǸɵӰ
ѷһ֮ͬҲסˣܿϹҸ֮飬ƺֲ߲ɣ
ߣϹ۸˼ҲǰɣǱ޳ϰ˰Ц
׵˵ϻ˵ˣǻǿʼɣ
ãȻעˣǱԵأѷһ׵
һԵĳվλĻҿ᳤Σ
ã
׺Ͳѷһϼһµͬ
˵ƺЩҲסˡ
˿ǵĳ־Ƕһ㣡
ɫǺ죬ѷõģȻû뵽
ӦǾ֧ԼģϾѷĹϵԼԲòѷռ˵ģ
ѷ㣬ҪǵõϵĶ
ģͲҪǵˡ
ѷ׳⻹ҳ⣿
и飬֪ΪΣ׿Ųѷ˵
˵
ѷ˿˵Ҳһǧһ㣬᲻ÿڣ
ԥһ˷ңһλŮأҵĿǿ˭̵ʱھλŮ
⵹ǹƽĺܣѷΪҪʹʲô۶ӳ
û뵽׻ûʲôϰβ˿£⵹Ҳǹƽ
峤
׻ͷһĳ׵ͷ
ʱ
ҵļ̧һŴ㳡֮У˿̵ɫѾ԰һƬ
صˣ
ѷű̧üͷҲ
׵˵λŮƵȷǷǳأòҲǲΪģ
ŮƿѾˣڶһ֪̫ƽɣ
ѷףȻ뵽⣡
Ů˾ߣӦϤĲϤˡ
һμŮˣʲôֶ֪ƺЩԿˡ
׿ŲѷȻֿ˿˵Ȼô˵ˣλƣܹκˣӮΣ
ãѷͷҶβأ
ƺԼûİ׿ŲѷһЦҿûôûţ
㡭
ѷɫһ죬ȷԼĻЩˣ
ղŲѷǾôԵһǰŮ˵Ʒǳأ
һԵȥһüϹҿ㣬㻹β
㣬Ϊβ˵Ҿβ𣿡
ѷһĻҲǿһ£֪ȻԼȥ
ҽһ黹ǷǳϽģ˵ԼβõĻǻûϷˡ
ѷһﻹпϷˣԼҲ˵أ
һЦϡＸȫŮ޵֮лɻʾǿɵ˺Ϊƾܹκˣ
㡭˵ʲôɻʾǿɵ˺ôܣ
ѷĺһ󹾹
ȻĻҲЩ˷磡
Ӧôˣκûϣˣ

ҩɽȵһǴͷɥԼӣ
ǲľԼүүԱǷĿ׵үүҿһǹģĻӮˣҲ䲻ˣ
ѷƺͬԼŮ˵ֵģղűھˣҶβֵΣȴƫƫش𣬿׼ˣ
㿴һҲ̾һȻҺӮƼɵ۳ڵǿҲûʲôϣ
Ƿˣ׸㣬Ųѷʵ
ѷ㣬
㲻вҲУúѧš
˵仰һĿɿڴг˹ȥ
ѷ֮һĨ䣬ǰˣͳȥնɱСˡ
˿̣ѾǶһö롭




2595С¶һ
 

˴㵣
ͲѷʵѾǺϣˣ
ΪҽλҽȺǿߣȻԼİٱ
׵ƣѷԭδУ
һ֪ߵغСӣȻҲԼĸǰʴʣ
ΪƷĻ²ѷҲ̵ڣԼŮһҲû̶ˣ
ڲѷû뵽СӾȻһҩɾȵ˹
һΪԼڲ֮زôģһ뵽ԼҪֵĶڣ
ѷеķ֪ˣ׾Ȼ֪ܵҪȥҽʱü֮Ҳǳ˲м֮ɫ
ѷЩ֣һﻹǸ
ʱȻôĵȻ
ѷҪһﵽܰţãһɵ۳ڵǿ߶ΪĲ飬ôõأ
ʦһȻȥҽǸŮˣ
ֿŲѷҲһŭݵ˵
һԵĲľԼүүһҪΪ𰡣ôûܹأ
ľ԰꣬һεĿΪԺеǻᡣֻҪСβǰŮĲôʰ
ѷЦһڳҪˣ
㿴Ųѷ˵Լβþͱ߶ˣ
ϹΪκãһģ
ѷϳ˷ŭ֮ɫѾƶΪġ
˼Ҹڳԣأֱҽ棡㲻ݵ˵
ѷ˵㣬鱾͸ûκεĹϵǹȥɡ
㡭ס
ҪѷŭȻ䷢һ飡
һԵĲѷ˳ĿҲǳ׵ķ˹ȥ
ѷʶڵ״ʱ˶ˡ
˿еĽٵߣ廨һ㣡
С¶һ֣
⡭ⲻܣСôô̵ʱ޸ʮҲ
ѷһƬԭΪ׾Ǹ
ǿ˼Ҷ֮ЧŷһﾹȻҲһλҽ֣
ûо飬ĸҪڶʱһλ˼ʮ˻ָҲҪѺܳʱġ
ǰһﾹȻڶ̶̵ļ֮Ѿ޸ʮ
ٶȥĻ޸ˣֻҪʱ
ܣԲܣ
ȻһƬŲѷӣǹһЦûǽ꣬˼Ҳû뵽ֹӾȻҲɽֵĸְ
ҲЩɻĿ᳤⡭⵽ô°ѲλֹҲһλ֣
ʵ֪ôҽѾǲҸѷϹˣЦǲѷϹΪǵĺأⲻ֪ǿǿ֣һɽһɽ߰
˿̵ȥ쳣ˬʣ׵ĳʾԼҲû뵽ġ
˿ϣܲѷˣҲˣ
Ͼ˵ĻǲѷƷƷһʱỹûа취֡
ӮˣǲѷҪߵĻҲóˣ
û뵽ֹӾȻ˵ֶΣĳҲǿ˰
Ҳ̾һʵǽ춼ǳϵĶġ
ڣ㶼оһ˿ĲԾ
ܹӵƷͼƷˣǻʲôͨ
ֻڷвѷǰͷҲ׵Ķ׵ġ
οֻҪ׻˲ѷٶ˵Ҳһ²ǣ
ߣ޸ٶȿһЩΣǲɵ顣λϹҸӵɣ
ѷݵʧ֮һεĻָƽ
Ȼڵ֮Ҳһ˿˿Ĳֲܿı㱻ѷԼƽˡ
λֻǱҪѾĵ
ǲӲ
Ҫҽ֧ţʵⵤ޸ǿǿΪ֧ţ
Ϊɢٶʵ̫̫ˣ
ڵû޸֮ԼӵĲ
ʩȵĹУѶĵطߣ
Ϊ޸Ҫʵ̫ӴԾǲѷֻ֪ܹĿţȴް취
˵λֹʲôأ
ȻҲ֪̫ܣŲѷŵӣ̲סĴ䣡
ƣһȲǱڿɾûôˡʱҩɽȵҪ
ѷһת
ʱһһţƺ˶ڵȴʧܵĽ




2596
 

ܲ
˿ףǵһĵȻ˵׵ǿѾӹˣ
ŲѷǱߺһԵЩסˣ
ԼλŮǿҲЩ͵ĸо
óȻ˵ԼŮУҲЩ˵ǰԵĺܣƾҲץŮ㻹治䣡
Ůʲô
ѷһ㶣֪ʲôطðͷҲˣ
ʲôˣҸô˵һ
Ųѷֵλҵĳϣ
ߣһССҳϣҲʴʣţȰͷץ
ѷûطϱQҲŭһ
ͻ
ѷ֪Ҫ˲֣Ψһİ취ͻ
ʱʲô뷨ҲֻܹҴˣ
ҷȰ㻹ǲҪˣʱڵĿ㣡
ҲѷЩ겻ˣⰢèܹҵĲ˰ڽ쵹Ҫ˭ڣץ
ѷɫ࣬һССҾȻλɻʾǿߡҩɽȵǰ㣬Сˣ
ľһԵ֣㻹ŸʲôûүүĻ𣿡
ԥһջĬ
֮ǰѷ˵ʵû̫Ĺϵ
ֻ˲Ը⽫öѷ˵ĲԽԽ
οʵ㻹Ǵһģ
ҩɽȵߣҲǴȿ˵
㿴ȥ¼ҹһΪʲôѷһֱˣƤĶأ
Ҳֻвѷ֪ˣ
ץϣǵʱҩɽȿ¶ˣŭһ
ŻңһСС壬ҲҶԱ˵¹ʳĵ۾ҲöԱھη֣
ѷεıвҲǳ׵ŭˣ
ֻҲ룬һССļΪʲô˵Ļ
ǵĵǴʲôطģ
֮ǵһεı˵ɣ;ץˣǲһЩֹӱԵɰ
ڲѷʵҲǳĲˬԭˣ
Ҳ˭ҲﲻϻǱȽϵĿ
ֻ˵ǹģòѷһʱ侹ȻЩԶԵĸо
ῴôʰǣ
ѷҲһݻȻһεĽĿע׵ϣ
Զ
۾һֱǽıŵģһܹԼ
˿̵Ѿǽһ˯״̬֪׷ʲô飿
ȫעһԵδ
ΪʱѾǽ˹ؼڣ
ĵأȴһӵȻơ
Ǳ
˿̣ĵﴦʵʵ
һȦڲǳ
һʧˣֻܹԹԵ׵ָӣϵ޸ĵ
κһ˵Ļ¶˶ݵʱôļ£
Ϊû£治ס
οҪڵСĿռ֮УļѹȻ䵽֮һʱ䣬ѶȲһͻƣ
֮ɻʾͻƵɵ۾绹Ҫϲ٣
ҲΪʲô֮ǰĲѷ붼ûֱӾͷ˵һԭΪ
ѷȻʵǸ׵ڸʲô
ˡ
ĳſһץ
һʵʵһεĽ뵽ڣ
˿̵Ĳѷ۾Ҳǵ˳
ţ
һըòѷ˸һͷƤ飡
ͻƵļ
ֻˣôʱͻأ
ܹҽκõڲѷ˿Ѿǲ˼ˣ
ʱͻƵķʽ޸ŵ뷨
ŵ뷨ҲʵΪ֧Űɣ
⡭ⲻܣôͻأҲţҲţ
ѷǰһ뻹צģһѾǳ׵ˣ
ΪһͻƣǾ˵˵Ѿ޸ͻ޸֮õķʽˣ
Ǹ˵һĻᰡ
ҲʿˮӾǱϿô򵥰桢תѾκõı־
᳤㡭˵λֹκղ᳤˵ɵǿҲΪ𣿡ҲĿɿڴĿʵ
漣漣
۾ֱˣ˿̿׵ҲǴһ˿ʣ
һǸһľϲ
Լվѷ񳹵׵ı˭Ҳ֪Щʲô




2597Ŀ
 

漣ˣ
ڳ֮˿ǰһĻǶ漣
һԵĲľѾǰԼֵˣ
Ψû뵽һԼүүβõˣȻһκˣ
߷ѵ
ľоԼˣ
ԽԽǺ޲ȥʳ⣡
Ӧò᲻˰ɣ
״վһԣΪζĿŲѷʵ
㡭С㾹Ȼңѷƺһϵƭĸо
ľԼүүҲǵүүйŹ֣үү޲ߵĲˣôεúأҾһˣʲôֶΣ
Сӣ㵽ʲôƭң
ѷ˿ԼʧܣĿҪõϵĺö
ڲûеõԼµɫƿҪ˸ˣ
Ըķ䣬ղѾᣬֻԼԸⳢֵֹ˭أˮƽҲεúõģ
׵˵ȤľǸɫƿ
Ȼ׻֪浽װʲôȷǣɫƿԲɽ֮
һ˿ϢҲΪʲô׸Ȥĵط
˵һССҩɽȻûȤĶ
֮ǰϷŪѷȫҪһЩɫҲΪҵ˳ڶˣ
ڿɫƿ׸оԼĲһĺã
ƨڵ˱˻ԣѷŭһ
ѷҪҽ𣿼ȻˣǱˣ
ҲŭһҲ´
СһʲôֶΣһ˱ڵŮ챾ŪԺҩɽؽϻȥ𣿡
ѷ¶ԼеķɽѾǳˣ
һȰһ䣬˾ͰѶóϽ߰ɡ
еҲЩûȲѷ˵һҵ˾סˣ
ľͬĻţϱ׸ֵǸһŹѷŭĻ᣿
ŵϥ¹Щʹļ׵ĺˣҩɽɽ꣬δܹ˵ĳ谡
Ǻǣô˵ǲѶˣ׵ʵ
ѷб͹ð
ܲ㳡
һӱЩأƺսһ
ֹӣһԲ֪Ⱥ˳¶һ˿Цݵ
£
׵ɢһɵ֮оһѹȸУ
ЦŵԭûʲôϵѷƺδˡֹǿԽϵҵĻҿԱֹ֤ӽհȻ
㣬ԭһϵĶˣǸãŲ㣿
ѷû뵽㾹Ȼ˵޳ܣ˲ɱȻ
㵭Ŀһ۲ѷΪƾܹסƥﻳ㲻᲻ɣѷ
㡭Ǵģ
ѷɫһıǱ֮ҩɽȸΪǿĳڣ
ҲΪʲôѷһֱҸԿԭ
ֻƺڵĵλҲǳһ㣬Բѷ̫㣡
Ļѷôܹأ
ҪĶˣʱ򻹲ǹԹԵķϣ
Լ֮ǰֻŸˣȫû뵽Լû˱
һЦ֪ͺãϹӮֹӣҲõߣ
ڣ
һֵʱ򣬻Ҳһ£
һԵƺɫЩҰףק֣Ҳƽ
ҪĶȻֻһСС󣡡¶һ˿Ц
ֹ˵㵹ҲǿĺܣЦŵѾã᳤֪ɷһ°
粻ɰ֮Ĵ֮գֹӸǰΣֹӣһǳĿĵġһת
òˣ
׵ͷ˵㳯Ųѷķ˹ȥ
ԭǴԼֵģµǵʱһʰˣ
С»ҪֹӲ𣿡ᣬز˵
Ŷ׻һЦ
㿴һԸŭԵĲѷϹֹڵĹ֮ͣҲҪȥڵģʱŪ̫ˣ
ٻ
ΪֺڵĻģ伫
ѷɫϣֻ֪ȥˣ
Ȼ˦ɫƿȻ˵֮ϣܹȻ߳ڣ
ŲѷȥıӰ׵¶һĨŹֵЦݡ




2598°
 

ܲ
ҲȥҲģ
һС뿪¹ǵĻȥ˵ȥأ
ֻС̬ȻǲϾ˼кö
ȡᣡ
ⲻҪﵽĿģһ˵ıʲôʲôأ
ȻҪȥĻǵʡܶˡ
ҲһµˣοԼһεƺͦ˳ġ
֮ʣ˶ΧףΪľǷֹһͻȻ뿪
֮ǱҪȥˣֻҪ֮ڶ¹ǣǾͺðˣ
֮У
һ˵ȥıӰҲһ
Щֵ˵ףһȥڣ᲻ʲôΣհο۳˿ɶץ㰡
Դ׸Լ֮Ҳǳȥ෽̽Ϣ
ɻ֮ȴЩ̫ˣ
֮ǰֻ˵ңԶĶ۳һλ¾۳Ҳȥ
˵ʵû̫壬ΪǸӴΡ
û뵽ھȻεˣһ쳣׽֡
ŶǺǣô֪۳ңЦʵ
֮ǰ˵֮Ҿ峤ȥһ¹飬û뵽㻹ǸöĴ󶯾
ףҲΪε˵
׵ﶼƺѾЩϰˡ
ʱ綼һͳڵɽŶ೤ʱ䣿
ɽˮѾǱ׸ˣ
ǰʥϵ¼ѾǴɽ磬ֻǡֻ۳Χԡ
ҲΣʵȥʱ򣬺ܶ˶׶޸е֣
Ͼͬ۳Ƕ۳йеġ
Ҫ֪֮ǰ۳߳ȥҪ۳Ҫֱһ㡣
Ϊʲô
Ϊ۳ǿ
λƺ᧿ΣǶжĺøأ
ʲô³ҪҵңǻûôסҵӦҲ쵽˰ɣ
׳΢΢һЦԭǴȥ۳һ˵ģ
ڿҲûҪˣɽСǵϵµĽˡ
ֻҪС𷢳һźţСȻȻľյˡ
Сǵʵܿͻᵽˣ
ǾͺǾͺð
ҲοĵͷֻҪȫʵͺˣ
ףһȥڻһȥʵ
һȥɣȻǱ˲ڳŶ಻񫰡׹һֵ
ǺðɣԼҪСһЩǡϾ۳ĵ̣һʲôĻ֮𣿡
ף֮еĵǲδ
Ͼҵ˿һȻǿ󣬵ҪԵĿһţб۳
ǰʥϣȥΣذԥһȻӵɵǿߵĳţһ飬ȥĶ۳ͷĳŻ
԰㻹ǲҪ嶯ˣǻǸϽ뿪߰ɣ
һ֮ԣ˲ΣأɫҲЩ仯ˡ
һԵϵͷװҾ峤˵ļеڲǳܵʱ򣬶ϻˣĳʲôĻʱ򡭡
ϡ۸ҵŮˣǾôˡǴȥҵ飿
׿ϺҲǷʵΪ۾һһǱܹעģ
οԭ۳ţأ
ǵʱ룬ȴΪȻԵ˭Ҷ
ǺðɣÿԾͿ԰ɣҲЦҲﲻʲôæ
ףû°ɣϿ׻һǵʵ
ʵϰһҵˣʵûмʲô棡
ʶ׵ǿҲͲôĽˡ
ҵ޴󰭣Ȭˡ΢΢һЦȻˣֶˣȥӭһ°ɡ
֣أɵʵ
һԵܹ۾ҵģôܱҵȷأ
Զ
׸ֶվڿſڣӰӹͬʱĸǰ
С𡢻롢ۻˡֿݣ
⼸һȻȫˣҲЩ
ѲԼϳͲҪ˰⼸һﾹȻȫˣ
ǼһﶼߣѲǶҪˣ
׿һĵҲû˵
˿ףǵ֮жǳȵĸоƺҪʲô·һ㡭




2599
 

Ĵۣ
׵ûʲôϾ׽Ҳʹһʱ䣡
Ҫ˷ϡ
ֻһʱû뼸˼棬⼸˵İҵʱûмˣ
ʵʱЩ̫һ㣡
Ƿۻˣ֮ǰǴӦһ˵ģϾӶԳڳѾкܳʱûлȸһˣ
磬һԭֿģǻ׺ͷۻǷҪ
СҲһεĿףƺҲûоʲô
뿴Ƶ˵ﶼ쵭ˣĹ͸͸
ǰһǸõط
ۻ˿ףҲǺٺһЦ
û˵һʲôأ˭Σ
İɣʥϣһжѾ׵ˣ
ֿݿҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
СҲǵͷōǣرڻ۳ҪٽһʱҲ޿ܹݡ
ĵҲܵĺܣϴ󣬸ղ˵һʲôõط
תһԵķۻʵطҲûпʲôõġ
ۻ˺ٺһЦʥ֪ﲻ̫Զĵطһ͵Ĵ󣬿Ӷ½½Ĵ󰡣
ŶȥĴ𣿡׵ҲȤ
ۻ˵ͷͨĴʥ֮ǰ˵ҪȥһȦǾֲ̫Զҿǻʰ
ǣϴ󰡷ϴջҶûлأҪѼϼܰ
׿ŷۻ˼еҲû˵
ۻ˺ٺһЦʥϣһһҲ͵Ĺѡ
Ǽͬ뷨ˣ
׿Сͻ붼һεĿ֪ǻͷۻʱҪ
˴ͨ˵Լһһ͵
һԵֿҲݸһЦʥϣ⼸˿ıˡ
ֿݣֳǡ
СһֿѿڶϽȥ׼סֿݵ졣
ֿݹһֵʥ϶ˣǼϷȥȥʥһ仰飿
磬ǡǸҲ忴ҳôûлعأҶ֪Լôⶫ½ġ
С˵ʱۿҲЩʪ
ۻ˿Ҳε˵ʥϣӦ֪ҵĿԵġ
뵹ν˵һȥȥУܻȥ͸ˣ
Ǽڶʼѧ˰
һһԵС˻ΪˣһʱҲЩΡ
ֿҲǶ׵ӣʥʰ֮ġ
õõãֿһ￴ҲǱǸ˰ݸһЦҪȥ壬ҲõҰߵ鴦˵ɣ
ǣʥϵǿǱ컹顣Ȼǵʥϵ֮˵ˣۻȷӦ˹
ǰǿ϶Ǵ£ʲôҪҰæôٺ٣
СҲǺٺһЦڵӣһĶ񺮣
ǻЩɻĿʵʥȵطƺЩӦð
ֿҲǵͷǰ˵Ӧòǵ۳𣿡
΢΢һ̾һûص
ʲʲôѲмʲôⲻɣСҲǽŵĿס
˵ʵСֿݴ˿Ѿǽ׵Լˣ׵һһҲ쳣Ĺע
ô˵ȻǷǳĽˣ
һԵĻͷۻҲɫ𾪵Ŀ׵ôأ
Ժ˵ɣһεҲø޸λһ£λķˣλƺϣүү
ƺԸἰһλ飬Ͼɽ˵ǲܵġ
һЩ׽֮⣬֮˸֪׵׸ʲôȥˡ
ݼۺ󣡣
СҲǶ⵹һĲ˼
ʵôҲû뵽Լɽ֮󣬾ȻΪ˵۳ĵۺ
㡭Ǻá
Щ֪Ŀˣ⵹ǵֿݵһЦݡ
׼򵥵Ľ˵һ֮Ҳɢһɱ֮¹ǣ޶֪
ڣҵ˵۳ĳţû뵽óŵȻɳ֮£ʵˡ
ֿݿҲ¶һ˿â֪Ƕŭˡ
ʥϣ»Ҫͷҵֱȥ̤ƽڣͷۻ
װڰֵڣȻҪĨȥڵһö
˵꣬׵ó֮ǰѷɫƿ
һʱ䣬˵Ŀⶼϡ




2600ƿڵ
 

֮Ѿȫ£
ϾǵĲθ׵˲һϵģЩҲ֪رܣ
ǰˣȻƶǼΪء
˵Ҳɵ˼ΪʲôԼأ
ǲǿ˶۾ϣҪ֪˼ӦöǴ֮еɵǿߣ
˼õɵǿߣƾʲôôС˵Ŀأ
ҲûߣҲΪɵĵط
̫ϲԤ飬οڼˣһҲȻˡ
һףԼɽ磬Ҳ֪ˡ
Ȼˣŵǣûף֪ϻ˾ʵĴڲ
ҵĺԺ֮У
С˶һãȻĿףΪǸ˿еɫƿ浽ʲô
ʵϣ֮ǰѷóʱҲΪ𾪣
ͨƿ֮УȻžܣ
֮ǰײɫҲΪ˱ⲻҪ鷳
Ȼˣܻκһ˵Ļ¶֪
ҲԼӵܹ֪õһЩ
ʥϣ⡭ⲻһͨƿɣƺûʲôر֮
ۻ˺ͻ뿴һᣬǸ֪浽ʲô
װڰֵͨǺǣⶫɲͨ
ʥϣҵǿ浽ʲôҪȻ͡
СҲε˵ǿ⻹ľһͨƿǶ֪ʲô
һ޸֪ĲĻӦĻǣ
ʵϣ
֮ǰ֪һ֮ʱҲһ𾪣
ĻǣΪʲôᱻɫƿ֮У
ǿΪΪʲôƫƫⶫɽ磿
ҩɽȵ˵Ǵʲôطõģ
еɻкܶ࣬ҪŪ׵ǣĻǵʲôã
ǰļλһǸеĸ֣ǻͷۻˡֿݣǵļʶ֮һҪḻĶ࣡
ҲΪʲôҪóһԭΪѹҲ֪Ļǵʲôô
滹ŵĻʻ!
˳˯УԾ⼸˵û֪ģ
Ҳ֪Ļ׾ֻܹƿ˯֮ˡ
Ļǣ
ۻ˿һεȷʵȴһƬ
˵Ŀⶼ˷ۻ˵ϣ
üʵϴ޸оһ޵εǾ֮
Ȼжܹӡסꣿ
ۻҲǵɴ۾ףȻҲЩ˼飡
˵ۻˣѾ֪͸Ͻ˵˵ô˼Ƶ˵
˼λȻֻΪʮǿ󣬼ҲǿޱȣһѹҲܽӴõ
ۻ˿ʼ˹ӣóһ϶֪ġ
֪ϴһˣϴɷΪ޽󰡣׿ŷۻ˵
ۻһЦʥ˵ʲôĳȻ֪޲޲ȷǸö
ô÷ʵ
ۻ˵ʱͻƵǿľ硣
УҲʲôܰɣһ֮ǿģ˵ۻѾ˵˰˵Ⱑ
û˵Ȼ˵Щ֮Աǣ
ۻ˼æ𼱰ϻ𣡣ɲֱɣ
ֱɣһ㶡
ֱɡֱʵЩ˷ѣҪ˵Ǿ֮һҪĵطˡۻ˹˸ӵ
СƵ˵˵ϴҪȺŹ
ۻ˺ٺһЦֱ뵽֮УһںϳɹĻǾ൱һǿڸ˴ܰ
⡭ⲻܰɣҲǾ㵵˵һ㲻Լɵ𣿡
˵ǺöأȻˣҲȸһ߲֪ܣڵĻǼٵͲ֪ˡοƷԽ͵꣬ںϵʧԽ͡ԡ
ۻ˿ף֪Ҳôˣ
׵ͷðɣԺ˵ɣȻҪȥ壬ǵȰߵ˵
ʥϣǲھȥ尡һ˷ܡ
׵ͷԭҲǴȥһģҲȥԾȥˣ
ɿڣۻ˵ҲǼѣ
ֻȴɫƿ˼浽װʲôꣿ
׾лᣬԼúõоһ£
֮׵ĴҲǳڵķˣͬеľȻҩɽȵǰˡ




2601ҵ
 

ڣ
۳֮أɽɾ֮أ
ڵĵط¹ʳǷǳԶ
ɽ֮أ
⼸յڿνŵƽʡַǷ
֮巣ձҪӮȡ۳³֮Ů³㡣
Ҫ˵³ףǿ۳ĵһʵǿᣡ
ڵҲʵ³׵ʵ޼
³һμŮҲǷ˵۾³ּ⣡
Ͼ۳ֵ֮ʣɽҲǰĳˡ
һΣ۳ڵνǿȡ裡
ϣ۳ͷһεɽԼͷ
۳źͼӰӶһĽһս֮ϣ
˴Σ
֮Ĵ飬ʵҲ˺ܶ۳ڲĹע
һ˵ȳڵɽŷ˹ȥֻһԵĲѷͲľ˿׵ʼմһ˿⣡
ѷЩǱҪȻôܹ׵ĵأ
ΪˣҲֻܹĿ׵˽ڣ
ڲѷһڣҲʲôã
ʱϵĶڵ˸ƭˣǸʱû˹עǣҲѷնɱ˵ĺʱ
ѷδ뵽ǣѹҲûа̲ˣ
ɱȤûУ
ǲѷ֪׵뷨ĻҪѪˣ
ţ
ֹӣձ֮գǴھȥǡ
㿴ףҲЩԥʵ
ʵҲûм׵ûνƷͼƷ
һòĻǵʱһŭԼҲҪȥˡ
׵˵ʱȻ
̬ת䣡
о׵֮дŵһ˿ĵĮһ˿ᣡ
ԼĳִҪ֪ڵĵ̰
ţǻţ
ֹӵ˼ҪŹˣֹû뺯ҪҲ̫װ
΢΢ҡͷǰһĻа취
飬Ŀɶͷﰡ
οһδĶǿ۳Ļ׹ݣ
ŶҿǴźģڵ˲ҪҾûа취ˣ
ЩϷʵĿ㣬ǾЩԾ
һԵĲѷ˵ϹƺҲǱСӸˣ˰
ֹӣʲô˼
㿴ףɫҲ׻ʲô۶ӣ
û뵽ڣһﾹȻ۶ӣ
ѲһﲻҪˣ
׿Цһ᳤˵Ц½ڳģҲû˭Һ˰ɣѲô񣬾ȻȥʸûУδҲ̫˰ɣ
⡭
ҲЩԥȷ˼˵еģ
ƷͼƷǿɶǾԵĺ!
˺񣬾ȻȥǻЩˡ
׿ӵ᳤ǿˣڵҪǱҹȥǲҪĻҿûйϹ󣡡
ֹӣ˵һЩڣ
㿴ˣǰƺûнԼС
ѲһΪҪôԾͲԼˣ
㡭
ɫЩ粻ʱһλ߳ǵķ˹
Ƴϡ㿴˹
ǰλ߱ڵųϣ㲻ŵһִ¶ѣ
ôˣǼµǲģƳϿֱʵ
Ե˵һľȻƳϵλֹ˵Ҫſó
ֹӣȷƷ֮⣬㻹мƷ
λƳϴ˿Ҳϸֳ֮ɫ˵ĻֻҪǲµ˶Ǵһ
ƳǲˣŵƳϿԿ
˵꣬׵жһɽһɼף
ʡݺᣡ
Ǵ棬ԿóǷƷ
ˮֱ
Ƴϴ˿֮̿סһĶ¡
ֻʵǲСô˵ĺöأ
ȻǺöƳʿˮֻѾǽЩƳΪ¹ʸμĴ֮أ
Թֹ롭
Ƴϸоǿһֻ׵ĸһ㣬һ뵽˺ĵӣƳϺ˶ֵˣ
ֻǲ֪ǣôҡ




2602λ֮
 

ҡڣ
׵ƳϵĴ£һ·ҡڵĸ˽ڵڣ
ΪƳϾĻˣ
ʵһȥ¹ǣƳģ
ȻҲǱ뷨ȥģû뵽մ˵ϾȻкö
ͣ
Ƴ֪õĻʱԼųϱʵȨɵĳǻָտɴ飿
ŵƽʣһƬϲգ
ΪڵɫҲǳģ
ֻǺŽ׳ˣëıۺ񣬻Ҳţ
һȢǿ۳ʵȨɵ֮һһ³׵Ů
巵ܲأ
巣һλҲ׼ơ
ƳϣôΧǱ߸ʲô
ָָΧһȺվԱߣƺڵȴʲôҲɻʵ
ֹ֪ˣһ飬۳һ¡һðλʵЩԾ˸취
ƳϿ׵ӣҲ¶һ˿ŹֵЦݵ
ŶǺǣʲô취
׿ƳϵӣҲ΢΢һЦʵ
һԵϿȥʮֵĽţϾȻ֪׵ݣﲢ׵
ټ׸۳ĹϵΪĽţʲôʧ
Ʒļֵ򣡣ƳЦŵ
Ǻǣɽ֮˶ҪӣڹȻǺֶΰ
׿ڿڵˣʵȴм
ⲻǱ˾𣿵ʱ֮ⷽƼ򵥣ȴ쳣Ĵ
ƳϵһЦ˵취õ˺ܶ˵ͬɽԭǿʳĵطʵȻӦӦеĴ𣿡
ǿҪ˰
׹һ֣巵˻ûгʱҪô˵ʰһ
׸һʱᣬµĸƳ죡
ƳЩֵĿ׵ֹӣĪǲҪˣ˵ǵһλãǰʮλû϶Ǳ˸Ԥˡ
˱͵󲻳ɣ׷ʵ
ֹ֪ʮλǿɶ۳ĳֹĪǾÿԸЩԿɣ
ƳϿףҲû˵
һĺöĻôһء
׵һЦ˾ͺøӣ
ѷӣҲЦһƳϣλֹӼȻ뷨ǾӦȥʵ
⡭ȷûȨȥܣ
ƳŲѷĻƺ֮
תһ룬ʵѷ˵ҲǶԵģѾǳˣʱ˵Լʲôϵأ
λ۳֮³֮伴ʼλ׼λλԼᣬλƷǱ߼ɣ
һӸ̨֮ϴ˳ܶ˶ü仰
ŵλƳ˵λŵܶͬʵϸ˶̰ᣡ
֪һʱǱһҿһˣ
Ʒһ
ϹƷһ
Ʒһ

һƷ糤ϵ˳ȫĽ㶼ѾǼǱߣ
λƺһĽкҲĶˣ
ֻܶ˶ڴһıǻ˭ң
ȻλſƲʵϻҲǰʵĻġ
һЩҪҲһЩ޹ؽҪġ
ƺǰһŵλ˸ȥƣ
ƷƷҩһö
Ʒ쳣ۺ񣬹Щ˵ڴ׬һˡ
ƷԱߣҲ棬ǵϿνЦ˻
Ȼҵ۳һŰڵĳֹȻǴ
ǰƷټһöƷҩʵ̾Ϊֹ
ʲôҲڵһλҲû˸˵ɣ
ӦǿڵһӰɣôöأ
һҲǷӣҲ֪һελϷ׽ˣ
ûˣûеĻϾҪδʢ俪ʼˡ
Ʒ΢Լ۾ʵҲԵһ£
ˣҲʱˣ
¹ңƷһƷһ
޿Це׼̤ԼĽŲʱһԶ˳




2603˿ġӡ
 


·һľ֮̾
ΪεĿ¾Ҫڵ޿ˣ
޿ǽλʵ۳ĵһ³׶ˣ
ֻ³ΪˣĿǰ֮ڣ
ΪҪȵԼŮ³һ̣ܹԼŮ
Ҳɽһأ
³״˿ڳĻһ۾ܹϳ׵Ĵˣ
ֻϧǣڲڣ
׵ʱûб¶ҲóͻӺˣ
ʲôˣ
ƷԱߣĨһ˿ĺ⣡
Ҫ֪޿Ժڵܺùʲôطȥ
ԭôӣʵҲΪЩ˶һЩ
ıɲЩͷģ
ʵ֪һ޿ĵӦǸ۳ӣǸ棡
¹ңôôϤ
ҲüͷȻƺҲԼԼȥط
Ǳߵ׷ʲô飬巻һʱ벻ˡ
Ͼһ̣Ůʵ̫̫ˣСС¹ôǵأ
Ʒˡ¹ǲ¹ʳһСǶѣʱðֱ
ƷͼƷСС¹ǵĳʵ
ȻĵһӦ˵ң
Ҳǵͷ˵¹СˣڣҲóĶġΡ
ˣ㿴ɫǴòĻ»𲻱Ҫ鷳
ƷʱһԵ壡
еϵô᲻أ
Զ
ֻһˣһһĳŸ̨֮˹ȥÿһƺɱ˵Ŀһ㣡
ֻ˷֣СӾûһĳ˹ȥ
ƳϵԱߣѷ˿׾ȻȥǴ˿Ҳǳ׵ķˣ
һﲻǼٵģ
ƳϣһǲǷ˰ѷҲһȻĿһԵƳʵ
Ҳ̾һԭǿԺúõĻŵģһǳ׵İѼ˰
ߣһãϹţ¹Ҿһˣ
ѷû˵ֻĿһֱͣ׵ϣ
˵ʵѷڵһˣ
ǻĻԲġ
ƳЦһΪԼеö޵ˣ˲ֵͬ飡ȥ˲
ľҲǶݺݵĿ׵ıӰһ鶼ÿϧ
˵Ŀⶼ׵ĸǰ
޿˿ɫ쳣ı䣬һ˶˰
ԭΪһλÿ϶Լģصصȵ
ƷһöƷҩ
Ǿǰˣ
Ǿ⼸Լݣ
޿˵Ĵӵ׼λ߹ȥʱû뵽¹ʳһССļȻˣ
⻹⣿
޿һʱ仹԰գһ⻹⣬ԼΪ˵ЦҪѪĴ۵ģ
վס
׼ŵһһλ߹ȥʱƷѾǳĸǰ
ô涨ƺڶµİɣ˭Ʒֵߣ˭ܹһšƺҲû˱ȵĶֵ߰ɣ
׿ԼǰƷ磬һĵ
ߣСӣأƷʵ
ಣ
һһѾǳ׵У
⡭СôôõĶ
޿ԭΪһ϶ǹҵģȻ֪ΪʲôƶΪһԲóʲôƷͼƷġ
޿ԼҲֻӵһƷһƷѣ
Ҫ֪ʲôݺ͵λ
㡭УƷҲǳ׵סˣ֮ǰе뷨ƺһ̱ˣ
Ǻǣҿȥ𣿡
׵ӣȥĺǷ⣬֮ͥ£˼ҲûΧ۹򣡣
ҪǸ߱ˣǿˣ
ο˼óĶҲǻʵģ
㡭СӣҪˣһıǿλáȥףɾˣ
ƷһʱЩܿвף
ھȻв֮ĪµĹǷƨɣ
׵һ˿Ĵ͸ܶ仰оһĺ󼹷ĸо
ӣȫǸӣ˾ǰСӾǸӰ
Сӻʲô˵
һʱ䣬׵˲˼λɵۼǿߣƺһҪ͵һ㣡




2604
 

׵һϯ
˶оǰСǳ׵ķˣ
Ҳ쵽Ǹʲôӣ
ǿڵ巸۳һ³׵Ů³Ĵ֮գ
ԭ˶Ϊһο϶ǽԴϲģ
û뵽񼴽ʼʱȻ۶ӣ
ң
˸׵Ķԣ
ֻǺܶ˶ͬĿ⿴ףǾСӼֱ
һﵽ˭ȻܵңҪˣ
ɲզΣСӿȥ˰ģһǸͷ࣡
֮տҪѪ˰
СܹóƷͼƷͷҲС
һʱ䣬еĿⶼۼ׵ϣ
޿˿ɫ쳣ı䣬Ҫ֪һλ˿Լģ
ƫƫʱȻ˸ҳңⲻǲڵӣҲǲԼӰ
޿ԱߣһΪ鶯ŮҲŭ
Ů޿Ůģ
޿Ϊ۰һŮҲڵĳ֮һ
һԼүүڣԭҪһ۳һ³׵ķɡ
ôҲû뵽Ȼ˸ҶԼүү
Ŀ޿үүһ̫ˣȻλö
ģƺЩŹ֣Ǿɣ
޿Ȼŭգδ
Ͼ첻ڰ£ԲܹΪ
οղǸС˵Լµġ
˼ֻǰ£˵ˣСӿżȴܹó˵ĺö
һʲôҲ˵أ
޿˼ϸ壬ϲŭ֮䣬ȴܹһݳ侲ȴҲǳķ۳һʣ
ֻŮʵЩ̲סˣĿһһһһ竹Ӹ磬УʵܲԴӵˣҪѵѵһ
ģҪ嶯
޿ʶһֱףֻʵЩһŵǴʲôطģ
ԼŮȥ֮Ҳ΢΢һ̾
ȻŮǱԼ߻ˣԼ棬ԼŮʾͲһˡ
㵽˭˶µĹǲƺڵ֮аɣ
ƷϬĿףƺһܹնɱ֮У
忴׵ȷƺʶ£²⻹ñЩ죬Ǹ²ŵĻǿ¡
ǻ˵ЦΪҪǵ˿ϵƷͼƷ
ԣ
׵Ļ˳֮ɫһ㶣
һԵ巵ʲôҪҩɽȱԵǸһû뵽СС¹ǣȻ˵
ĳǰԭǱԼλҲùո֡ʵЩƽ棡
׻дֻ巸׵ʲô˼
Цһ㵽ҪʲôȥԲ׷ҵ顭
Ȼô˵ǰѾǸˣ
ֻ쵱ô˵棬ԼĴ֮գǿš
һʱνҸ֮ʱ
𰡣ȻˣǿϧˣĴ飬һһķأ
׵֮г֮ɫ
巼ɫͬʱб䣬ֻǻδ˵ʱȴһɫӰѾվ׵ĸǰ
ԭҪֱӺ׵˲ͣΪʶǰŮޣ
ģ
Ϊ۰ǸŮ鲻ڳͷˣ
ϾԼܶҲ̫֣
㲻ǸӵܣǸͽӣ
ĿףҲǳ˲м֮ɫ
üŷĵλҲ֮ˣ
ҿɲǣһ
ȻҲǿˣǿȻп˵ľûйϵ㻹Ǵȥɣ
׶˲ûʲôȤĿ巣
ֵģȰ㻹뿪ĺãʱҲ߲ˣŭһ
ű裬һˣô죿
׿ŷģҲɢһ˿Ϣ
˭˭
巽³Ҳ
㡭˵ʲôû뵽׾Ȼ˵ĻһʱҲ֪˵ʲôˡ
λ֮ǰ¹Ҫҵķˣûеóѵ¸ǻɱҷˣҷ󣬿Ҿҷˣ
׵һȫ𶯣һѰ˰




2605¸оԾķ
 

ڹ㳡
׵ĻһҲסˡ
ʲôˣĸλʮа˾Ŷ˵ġ
ǶķģʵҲ˵巵оֻ˵ʲôҲô̫Ĺϵ
ֻǰһԼүүȥ
ԣųͷˣ
׵ĻԭΪԼеķһЩ֪룡
鼱֮£ɫǺĿ׵㡭˵˭۸˰
һﲻ֪ڹﻹ¹ȥ𣿡
׿ŷĵӣʵҲóŮĸԼΪѣ
ٿŮ޿λɵڵǿ߿ΪԼӣŮųͷģ
ҡҲܣҪȻүүԱߣǸλþүүģ
ЩСŮֻӵҲǲᣡ
޿ŷĵӣҲ΢΢һЦģﲻһʽѣλСֵܼȻϲλ±ˣ
ã
׺ȥһԵ巵ɫӵ
Ȼҵģ
ƺҪȵؼʱ̲ųң
ƺһֲõԤУ
һõ۳ĵһ³׶˵ĻԺڻеĻ
ֻǼһĿ֮£ҲƷǳ
Ͷð
һʱ֣ʱ˿϶Ϊڵ飡
ԣ֪һҪңҲʱ֡
һʱ䣡
񼸺Խɱ߰˱ˣ
巷Ȼȥ˽ƺŶԲߡ
˿̵ȴƵ˲յƷ㣬ûκεĹϵһ㣡
λСֵܺ°
޿׵ԱߣҲǶ
ܶ˿ߣ֪һϷԶԶûнء
һЩڹϵôźͼ壬ڿȥҲԵ˷쳣
֪һ۳棬ڿԺǲûˡ
׿޿΢΢£
ߣүү˵ǿ㣡ƵĿףĲ֪һﵽ׳ƨʲô
Լүүǿڵɽĳŵ
һҪԼүү˵Լүүġ
û뵽Լүүλõļһ˵קˡ
ģ񣡡
޿ԭŭѾɢˣʵղ׵һѾȫˡ
˼˵ĺףǳڵģǳ޿ģ
е鶼ǳڵģ
˵ĽҲǼ׵ϣҪһ׵˵˭
ʵ۸Ůˣɽǲϡƽ飡
ڲ̨氡Į̇ĻǸ۸ŵעҪģ
˵ıʣ
үүһĺ𣿡ĺһ
޿΢΢һЦλСֵܣ֪Ӻζ
۳
׼Ҫ˵ĸ֡
޿һ㶣漴Цŵ۳λСֵܹȻǺ񶫷۳۳ͬˮͲ߲ȥ𣿡
Ҫǵܲסˣ׵˵
ţ
׵仰޿֮ɫ
ԭΪ˵ʵһ㣬Ȼ䷢Լ͸ˣ
һˣҪʲôʵܹŵĳ̶أ
ĿһЦүүһרܵ۳Цⶫ۳ڶôҪ𣿡
£
޿ԼŮıҲǱȻ
֣Զ۳˿͸
޿֮ƺһָооòܣ
޿Ѿ¶ģΣûֳ֮ǰԲܹ
֪Ϊ۳Ƿܹ۳أ׺ȻЦеĿ޿
޿ĺ淢һЩʧĿ׵ڡڲ¶ۣ
еľܣΪҵĻǷЩأݸһЦ
޿Լĭ⡭ȷˣ
үү˵ʲôһһᶼ֪ǻı
ģݵ񣡣
޿ɫҰףƺʶʲôֻѾһƬκˣ
Ĺĵ˵үүһδ˭ôأΪһŰڡ
סڣ޿ŭһıЩȻĿ׵ֹ֡ʵʧ˰
СѾͷҲǿɰĺܡҵ֮Ժͨˣʱң
ͳһ鿴ƽƣ޿Ȼ˫ֽ˹




2606ڻǷһ˵
 

Ŀɿڴ
ĿԼүүӣﻹʲôɰ
ֱǿʲôһ㣡
ⲻܣԲܣ
ĶΪԼЩˣ޿ľٶıȽϵΣ
˿̺ܶ˹עĽѾǷ˴ĵ֮У޿ϸֻע⵽ˣ
Ĳ֪澿ʲô飬׵ʼմһ˿ĵ⣡
ȻˣĲˣ
ղ׵һȷԭҪ۵
ȻʱһͦģͳһΪԼųͷΪһŮǸүǣ
ಣ
Զ֮У߲֮ϴӵŰֻŲʿȸ
⼸ֻΪ޵ĿȸŵıһС͹һĳӡ
Ҫ֪Ųʿȸɽ缫Ϊĺһӭףȹ
һαϾǵһŮޣõҲԳǵԺݡ
ŲʿȸȻǿȴ쳣
鳵ǾһʵͲ֣
ྲ۳³ȵ֮ţ
Ʒ˿Ϊ˾ǣȻл֮ǰ飬ѾˣҲ˲ôˣ
ʽճа
¡
һâƴը巵ķ򻮳һĻߣ
ɵǿߵһչ¶ţ
³棬λ۳ǿߣԼǿʵӲļһţ
ŵ״Ȼϲȵһ㣬ʵ˾̾
ʵﲻȲΣЧҲ˵𺳣
үүԺҳ׵ʱҲŪ
Ŀ޿˵ʵҲֻԼүү߲ż
޿˿üͷ壬˼Ѿǲˡ
޿Ѿͷˣ
үүô˰㲻˵Ҫҹһεʵ
޿еģżʲô
Լүүһ̬ӣҲЩɺĸо
ϧˡ
׿ˣҲ΢΢ҡͷ
һϲ£ɽעҪɱˡ
ĿףܸоһЩŹ֣ԼүүǸӣǾֵĺܡ
û˵ϧʲô˼ǲĽ˼ңһ˿ɰڲôĳ棬Ļƻõ±ӣߣ
ģ͸ҹȥ
޿˿ŭˣԼŴԼŮ˵Ҫ˵
ԼŮǶһ㣬ȤȻ
ǶǰλпǶ۾ˣһٶǿߣǿ֮
Ĳ֪޿ĵǣүү˵ʵ㲻˵ȵֻ֮ɵۼǿ߲ܹŪóЧ
ˣȻϲ˵˵ˡ׵˵
ι㻹ûлشأղ˵Ŀϧʲô˼ƺס
޿ҲһΣ
ֻ۷ôѯʣƺɮ붨һ㣬
ƺڵȴʲôļԱ֮Ҳֳƨ治֪ƨʲô
Զ
Ŵ۵巹վ·
Ƕڵȴ³ǻ鳵֮ϻȵ֮׼
ȵ֮ţʵϲһʽѣ
ûȵ֮ţѲɾͲ
Ȼˣȵ֮Ҳһֵλɽ֮ҲǼΪٵģ
鳵ͣȣ
³Цеվ˻鳵ĸǰ巳³ķ˹ȥ
£ͷԻͿʵҵȳϻ̳Ͽְ
幪Ȼڵʵǿ󣬿۳ǰʲô
ؿҾͿΪ׼ˣ񣡡³浭ȻһЦȻȴһָ߸ϵĸо
֮ң֣
ģһ˻ûţ
¡ˣʱ쵽ˣƷΪ˾ǣҲһѵ
֪һ
ƺڵȴ³׵ĵϾ
οһŮôܹأ
³浭Ҷһ͵˵˼ʱһȿʼ
ʵ³׾ھڲԶĵطֻݼΪԺգһ㵽ôԳأ
һ³صԼĵܵ³ǰΪľµ˼ʱ
Ҫӣµ󹦷
³Ҳǹͷ۵ģվһĹ
ʱѵλ˵ǳƷȻĿŲԶơģաɵأ巷֮ӭȢ³㿤ˡף
ף̸ϰɣƺǷһ˵
׻ĴλĿѾ巣




2607ѿ
 

ҵˣ
ԭ׵飬³֮һˣ
˵۳ΪҪġ
Ҫٳ߸ͷһǾͱ̤۳̤һ壡
ȻһУƺű
ͻȻQһ˳Ҫ˵巵УǾǶ˶Ѽ˰
ڴ£
³Թۣû뵽ʱ̣Ȼ˳ң
һɫӰ
ԭڻ鳵֮еһҲǳ˵У
ȣź
ŮǼΪĺƺ³޸һ˸оʻţϵĸо
壡³㳯³Ҿ
³㣬ôˣ
ղƺ˵ʲôǷһ˵³
˹⵷ң뿴ڸ½װ̵
׺ˣ
³ĿʵѾף˿̵ǻĳ˵˹ȥ
巣ǵʮǰ¹ǵĺߣҪһŮǿλŮӲӣͶֻɱ
׵һ׹ߵĸоһĨʵǿޱȡ
ɫһ䣬ײ˵ûʲôӡ
׵һѣһӾ
Ҫ֪ҪõŮˣеòġ
һƺǸ⣬ǸŮˣļΪƯһģ
Ůʵ̫ǿ巵ʱŭ֮Ҳʹɱ֣
ȷһӡֻһССļôأ
ἰ£׵ȥˡ
㡭˵ʲôأʲô¹ǣҸûȥ
ʱɵҲܳġ

׳Զ͸һ㣡
ಣ
롢ۻ˺С˻˸̨֮ϣ
׿ʵ𣿡
͡ɻҶʶ
巣ƺһδɢȥĸо
˵ģǾֵȷ˼ٵġ
һԵ³ô˵滰Ǽٻأ
ɫһ˵ʲôأҸʶ㣬ΪҪݺ
ݺ㣿ҪûĸŮ˻鿪Цİɣ
˿̣׾ߣǰδеģ
ȻҲǳĽţΪõҹѣ
ѾزȻҪԣôͱҪһԡ
οΪųģôܹڹؼʱأ
һܹһ飬ҲһҸ
ţҽ⼸ȫ£
һڸоû˹â
ǽǧУҲһ̡
ţ
³壬ɫҲ쳣ѿ
ǡŵĿ³㡣
³ΪΥʥּҲҪ
㣬ԲǸӵģ巾û飡
ɫһף³㵱ǿּĻǵʱڿɾͲˣ
һϵô֪ܲأ
λղ˵֤ݣ³㿴ϲһ˿ʵ
Щԥһµ⡭֤ݰʱ֤𣿡
ڻ֤ûأǾΪƻһεǵʲôĿģ
ŭһΨһ뷨Ҫ˹
㡭޳ܣ
һҲ֪Ӧôȥˣȷô֤أ
³㵭˵û֤ݣǱɾΪƻǵĴʢˡ֪ĺСɵΪ㾹Ȼ㲻Ҫ˹Ŀ࿴
³ʵͦ׵ģһʵΣ
ܹΪԼİŮ˳ͷǱһοһԵĿǱְ֮
ߣǼ٣ڱĻϸƻģǱ۳
³浭˵ҲĨһ˿ĺ⡣
׿³˵Σ
ǹˣ³
Ĩһ˿ɱڲſǲЩ̫޶ˣ
ģûмġȻǱĴʢ䣬ȴɹıҪɱˣ
³汻׵Ӹˣû뵽Ȼ˵ƻ͵Ĵ飡
ʲôأ
ҵŮˣǱҪľ򣡡
׵ϸֳһĨȻ
սһֻǵ¿ֵǰ˶ըˣ




2608ɽûҶ˵
 

Ī
ܶ˶һεĵЩĪ
ǰ˿ȥʱӣʲô֣
ɾôһһʹߵļˣȻҶԿ۳
ֱ۾
һͷˣȻ˴Բѵвʵ˲̫ö
һǷӾǸɵӣûмô˰
ǿǵ۳°˵۳ܻŵģһû˵
û뵽һڣȻȲҵȿ۽ˣ
ߣϧССĻʳ֮ˣƵ۳ϣֱ
һ˿׵̶Ȼ˵ǿӲҲ֮Աǣ
ǿ׵񣬼ûͬ飬еֻǸоǿһɵڱһ㣡
Ҳ룬ɽ֮жԲɵأ
ο˼һ١ٶ
ûǽ꣬˼һĲأ
Զ
ͲѷŵվԶˣǵʵ͵λܽ뵽Ȧ֮У
ϹһҪù˰
ѷ˿̸оһĽޣСӸڵ˲ʲôϸ
ĻʱǿҲûʲôӹˡ
ڿǵӣǷˡ
Ϲ˵ʲôأ˿ġ
ƨ˵Ҫģѷ
һԵĲľүүǾͱ˵ˣһﷴҲҪˡҸоһڶǳȥˡ
СӿŲɵӰ̾һ
ѷһβСӣҶҪᣡ
үүҵҪһǧвŽޡ
ľ֮ǰܵ裬ΨһҪľ˽ޣκ뷨ûС
ǿǡǼһ
Ҫ˵һ˴ƺʲô˼һ㣡
!!
һХ
ڸղ֮ʣԶ̨֮ϵѾǶˡ
ֻôҲû뵽ǸֵļһΪǿ
巣
˿ĲӱסɫҰ׵ģ˶ûзӦ
С巡
ôҲû뵽һ˵־Ͷ֣ʵɵڵļ𣬼ǶҲƿ֮У
һˣķǳף
Ǽһﶯֵٶʵ̫ˣһԵ³涼ûзӦĹ
㤣
һ̣壬һԵ³ҲоĲԾˣ
֣
³üͷղȷû뵽׻Ǹʱ֣
ԵӦʱѾ׵ˡ
Ҳ֤һ飬Ǿǰ˵ʵѾﵽɵۼ
ɵǿߣ³ȻҲǾ㵲ѣ
𣬿ԼΨһӳʲô⡣
ߣֲøҸţԭ¾ȻҲɵۼǿߣ
³ֻ΢΢ü˿ǰ֮ˡ
ܹ۳ԿˣûеģοСǸΣ
ǿ۳ǰŵ˳ĻҲһ
˵ˣɱӲˣ
׵˵ǹɵ飬³Ҳѣ
ȷҼ֮зǳһֻѡ˶֡۳ԣ³ֻһ
³˼˵ײˣһԵЩˡ
Լˣ˲˵ʱڿ¶ҪΪӢ۳ЦĶ󰡣
忴³漱æ£ɵþȾҵӰҿɾôһӣ
үүҡȿȿȡ
巴˿̸оѣɫҲɺϣȥΪܣ
ʮ֮ڷ巣Ļ³
һԵ³Ҳ¶һ˿ЦݵһŭΪգµȷҵŮ۲ѡֻıԵоȣ
ǣ۳˻˵Ű׿Цһ˵ĻûκءҪ
֮յҪ³Ҳǳ׵ŭˣҪŭ㱻µĪ嶯С巻ǼһϣүҪӳ鰡
ӳ飿ѲɱôСвɣձҪҲڱǰնɱ巣³Ŀ⣬ɱ¶
ɽ磬û޲Ҷˣ
ȻͷԼʶһ˲䣬ڶоһѹ֣
һ̣¶ʵʵ
ѹ³汾ܵˣɫɷһƬ




2609¶۳ף
 

ڣ
ԭЩֵˣһ˲ҲǱóĬˣ
Ǹǰ֮ǿѹɪɪ
ûôһ̣˵Ĳ
ޣ㡭Ǻˣ
³˲оĵλˡ
ǿУ۳Բˡ
ֻ벻ͨһﵽ˭
ʵϣ³ڴ˵ĻҲֻ·ķˣ
οǰλʵ³׵³أ
۳ף
׵Ŀһ³棬һµѾ޿ɵ
棬Сģ
ʱһҴһ˿еѾǴ˳
˲䣬һӰѾǵִ³ĸǰֻǿ˵飬Ѿǳ˺Ȼ֮ɫ
磬ˣû뵽̤Ьٴȫѹ׾Ȼˣ
³ϸֳһĨ֮ɫֻǴһ˿ĽŲ
նɱǵ³׵նɱԼĵܵ³飡
ǲͬգڿ۳
ڼԼɵ۾ǿߣжʮλϡ
ڵǹƥĹǲʲô
۾һԵ
³ײδԼܵܣղ˵Ļ³׺
˵ģߵǼˣһǺǵģ
֪ڴ˵Ļ۳Ͳ޵ˣ
ֻ˭֪һﾹȻܵطأ
˵ʵ
ڵ³ѾûʲôԼŮ޵˼ˣһܻܲ߳ڣ»Ǹ⣡
λ۾³çʵÿһμǲΪӪ
۳ϳԵĿ
׵ȻһЦҪ˵ԵһԵһ³Ϊ޵𣿡
ţ
һ̣³׵ĻѾǽп಻
ѡĻ϶ѡ֮ˣ
£ô
ߵĻ۳ΪɽЦˡ
·ӣΨս
³ĶۣһҪϲ±ɥˡ
۾߲ˣмʮλɵۼǿߣѲɶ۾ҪƲɣǱŮϲ£Ƕ۾͹⣬ǿȱϲƣ
³ˣȻ˵Ļͦɫġ
׹һЦ³ĳеǻᱨοҲںλգ³Ӧһ飬޾޶
Ŷ£
³¶һ˿ϲɫǲԸûаյ¸׶֣
ϣ³ְܹ޳ڶ
ֱӽ˳ȥصˤ³׵ĸǰ
ֻôֱ³ɫһһף̫
׼ֱ̫
ôȫľԼԼ
˭ǿԼδŮԼĴ磬۳ĵ۾³͵£
³ôˣǴԼǸǴ۳
³׾֪׾ǲôĵģ׵ĻѾƿڴ
֪ڼŭײһ֮٣
۾ǱŮӦ֪ɣ³ײ֪ΪʲôҪ巵
磬ûлͷˣ³濴Լڸ̸ţҲ΢΢ҡͷ
Ϊʲô³ɫһʵ
һ۸Ůˣһɱˡ
³֪飬֪ûлͷء
³ߣһɫѿ˼㣡
˵ʲô
³ŭһ巹ȻǸֻû뵽巾Ȼɫ쵽˵ĵز
׿³ֻһʱ䣬һ֮ޱҪԶˣ
巣ǲģ³׷Ȼ
˿̵巣ѾһƬû׸³֮ĶԻ
۾Ůˣ
ԼȻһ˶۾ŮˣҪ˼Ū
֪Լ군ˣ
ǳ군֣³׶Ҳ˼ɵټɱ֪ԼѾ·ˣ
һʱ䣬巼ʹȥ
һԵǳ׵̱˵ϣԼӾȻ˵飬Ҫڰ
ʱ֪ײԼӿ϶ˣ
֪ɽлƫɽУ
忴³³۳Ҳվ۳Ѿ۸ͷˣǲԺкվڵ۳֮У
һϯֱӽ³׵·׵Ķˣ
ֱ˿̣һΧ۵˲ŽķӦ




2610´ŵ
 

ɽ֮ڣ
ݵع⣬˺ܶ˵ľ֣
ǡǾȻǶ۳ĵ۾ҵ찡
֮ǰ㡭㲻˵˼Ǹ𣿰˲òడ
˭֪ⶫ۾Ȼǹƥľ۳ĵ̰
ո˵󰡣ҲȻҶ۾ɱŮˣֱе
һ۾Ƿ緶Ȼһܹȵġ
ǰ˿ףǵĻ涼ѾתˣȻ׿ȥǵˡ
˵Уʵûʲôĵˣ
۳Ǵ˶۳ʱҲָʲôôɣ
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Ψܹ˷ҲΨܹ˸ıʹ
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˵£ľĵһѡ·
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Ψһİ취ǶˣϾǵ˿ⱲҲǲˡ
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ԼȵһƣҲ֪أǲأ
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ֻѾϣ׿ԼһˣðǸƨˣ
ŵĵòѯһԵĲѷŲѷˣҲΪľʦ˵ûôĸ֣һ۳ĵ̣ǿɱ̫۾ɣ
񻰣ߣƽʱǶעעɽ飬һڵĻģѷЩӵ۾ġ
һԵ̾һλ۾ڵĵؽϣһ֮Ӳ³ĸǰնɱǵһλ
ʲôŵһ𣿡ľżͬʱʧʵ
ѷͷλĶ۾¼ʵ̫̫ˣ
㿴ŲѷҲǵͷϹôҵжԣû뵽龹ȻΪͬǿɱ̾
ΨһģǾˣ
ѷ̾һʵԼоЩš
ĻͲ֪ٴˣ
λĵ۾һССȻչΪ˵۳ƺûеͷ
һλô׵ȥأ
ѷ˸оһıƣǼͬʱ׵ķ˹ȥ˿ǵƺһЩ
Ŀ֮дһ˿ֵҿ½ҪѪɺˣ
֪׼ȻˣǾԲܿߣ
οغһ۾⣬巵˵ǰ϶ˡ
ھͿҪˣ
ȻˣʵǲѷˣǶϣܹߣ
ĻԺǵӿ¶Ƕˡ
𾪵˿ɲֹѷǣ
ȫѾǱЩľˣ׵˲Զĵط޿ͷҲǳ֮ɫ
ֻ޿ȥƺҪһЩΪŵıǷˣ




2611³׵ѡ
 

ڵһ࣡
޿ȥܶ࣬Ϊ֮ǰѾǲ²⵽׵ݣ
ֻǵʱɣȷˣ
³ʶ׵ģһ˼٣
޿ҲЩңʱ׸Լλʱˡ
ǵʱͦĻʱĿ¾Լˡ
ܹɱһλɵڵΪԼܹλ֮еɱԿ
ҲΪʲô֮ǰԼŮףŭһԭ
үүǡ˾Ȼǡ
Ĵ˿ɫɷף뵽Լ֮ǰһĨ嶯к
֪ˣ˲ò仰ѵû𣿶۾ĳ£Ϊ˼ɵӲɣ
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Ϊ˵үүǾǴ֮еĶ۾ĺᰡû뵽ᾹȻӵ˵ʵ
Ǻǣλ۾ǸݽɫЦеӣʵڳһҲӲˣ
׵ѾҪ׸ˣ
һ޿ĺܣ˼Ҹ۳ĵҳӣ
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׵ǿ³¶ѿ֮ɫ
׵غ壬۾Ӧñһɣ
һʱܶ𣿡˵Ȼ³ҪǵĻޱһĹ򣡡
ʥϣһƺʱ䣡
Сߵ׵ĸǰȻ³׵Ĳɣ
׵˵Ȼ֪һʱ䣬һҲҪ³쵽ûסޣ
ʥϣǱ۳ΧĻǿ²һֵ˺ð
СһԵĻͷۻ¶м֮ɫ
³׿ףԥһͷǺãһ֮󣬱۾һĴ𸴣
ɫҰףȻղ̼³ף
ڿλ۳ĵһƺΪѲ涼Ҫ
岢֪³׵뷨³׳£Ҫ˼
ȥ
³׸κε棬ʵ֮ǰѾǸܵ׵Ϣ
³֮ǰߵһλɵۼǿѾǳ۳ĵ۶Ϲȥˡ
һһ룡
ֻҪԼĴ磬Ҳ۳ĵ۾³ܹʱĸ
תˣ
ʱһһĹȥסһĿųС
˭Ҳ֪׻ᷢʲô飿
һԿ϶ǣԲƽ͵ķչȥ
ɽ֮УЩʱӵҪ
ĳɹ֮䣬Ӧøӵע档
Ͼǰλ۾նɱ۳̫ӣ
̫ӣǿǹ֮
նɱˣ۳ôܻ׵в֮£
ڽ֣ܸоЩԾ
ʱ䵽
׿³ףһ¶ϹһĨЦݵ
۾ѲǾû𣿡³׵͸һӵľ
³Ѿѡˣ׵˵
ѡǣ
³׵У˲һƷɽҲĨһ˿ɭЦݣ




2612һȫ
 

¡
ڹ㳡룬˲ըһ
һɫĽһһĳ׵ķɱ
ûκεף
һΧ۵ˣ³ͻȻ֣һʱΧ֮˾ˣ
ʧ꼰㣡
ٲ˵Ļµʱɵ۴սನܹǣ
忴³ͻȻֱ֣ӽԼ׼ߣ
ֻ׼ҪֵʱȴѾǱһ̲Ѫˮ״ΪĲң
Ҫɱˣû˭ӵó޵ģ
׶㿪³׵Ŀһƺ쳣⣡
³ɫһ࣬Լ棬վԼŮˣ
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ΪɵڵĳǿߣȻһ˶ס
ʵǶ۵飡
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׾ô뿪ˣ³ײȥ׷
һȻҪԼ˵նɱԼδŮܴ裡
Ϊ۳ĵһĿ۳
֪ԼҲԲʱ˵۳棡
ο³׵лεģΪоԼĴͿҪˡ
ףǲ񰡣ҵ۳ɱôĵӣ³ŭһ
ĮһЦ޵һĿ㣡
ˣ
һǿϢ³׵ϿӣԴһ
ǿ
³Ϊֱ۵ĸܣû뵽ԴһһһʵȻһεľˣ
ৣ
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׵γһ޴Ľз籩
նɽ
׵ŵı߱ɵնɽ
һһ޵еսһȺ룡
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׵֮һŭ³ףҲ¶һ˿â
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ĳ㳡оɳϯһ㣡
³׵ϿգԭձЩ谵
谵ĺ֮УȻ˺һӣΪôµʱȴּΪ˵һĻ
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޿ɱܣ
³ӶɳˣоԼǱһ㣡
ಣ
þȫĶ׵һĨǾʮԶĵطԭǰǱʲôһ㣡
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һ׼Լǿ֮³һεĸо
֮һ֮ͣͣеĽѾǳ³׵ͷ֮
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һĨ˵Ľ⣬˸оһľս
ЩʵһЩˣ˿̸оһĨԽ顣
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ԭΪ׼ǿҲô¶ѣ
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Ľ³׵ϻһѪ˿ڣ˸оǱٴһ㣡
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ЩԭҪΧ׵ˣһѾǳ׵ıˡ
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³׻Ѫһ̿ȥΪĲң
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Ҷ̧Լˣʵ̫С˰
ǿǵһɵڵʵ۳Ҫˡ
ڱŷһ֮
һ̣ԼΪǿ̬˵ĸǰ
֮ǰ˶Ϊһ׶༪ٵˣڶѾĬˡ
޿ͷĴ˿ҲǾ°Ͷˡ
֮ǰ޿ӦúǿȻû뵽Ѿǿ˵ĵز
Ѿǿˣ޿оܹ޵ˣ
ѷ˴˿Ҳһĳ뵽˹ȵףһǣ˼Ҷ۾ǵСһ㣡
ǵʱ˼ҪֵĻ˵Ǽ¹ʳ¶ҪŪ׳ˣ
ڵϼΪĸӣֺ£
˿³˵ӣǶס˺
Ȼˣֺαضزأ³죬ڴһܾˣ
ײδ³ʹɱ֣ĿѾǶԶǸ˲Ŀ꣡




2613۾
 

׵һ
ɽŷһλ۵ӣĳڵĹ㳡˹
ӵߣʮλǿ߷ң
ƣɽҲǼΪĺ
˵ݣȷ̡
³죡
λݺɽĳǿߣһֳ®ɽĿ
ģŨüۣʱ޿̲ɢŵϢ
ײͬһǳھڸλˣ
ȹӭʥϣ
³ոճ֣ڵĹ㳡֮ЩѾͳͳ
Щкܶ඼ڵ۳ˣ³ĵôܹأ
Ƕ۳ĵ۾ܲĴ
³˭˾۳ĵ۾˿
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³ֻǵ֣ȴ¶˼Ϊǿƣ
׿³컺˹ҲǼΪ𾪣
ԭΪ³Ҳ̤ɵ۾ĺڶѣȴһԼҪĶ࣡
ɵۺ۷壡
֮Уɵۺ۷壬Ѿӵһ˿̽ϢĿܣ
类˳֮Ϊʥ磡
ֻ׾³Ӧò˵
ˣ³쾹ȻĴﵽľ硣
΢΢üȻҪԵһΪǿĶ֣ѾԼˣ
ˣ
³յһֻѾ̽³׵֮У
һɰʵһӿ뵽³׵棡
ת˲֮䣡
³׵ɫѾǻָһЩѪɫ
Ȼ˻Ǻأ³һ֣ȴѾ³׻˺ܶ࣡
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³׵ɫΪĲһоͱ۾һնɱ
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³쵭˵ףѾĺܺˡʣµľͽɣúˡ
ܲ
³Ҫɺأ
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³üͷ΢۾ĳɹżȻֻ޺ܺ棬۾ôڶ̶̵ǧʱ֮أ
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³δ׵Լĳһ㣬ɱ׶Ӻ׵ܵܣ
³һ㣡
֮Ľ̸֮һ㣡
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׺³ģԶ˸֪ǵЩʲô
Ҫñ򼴱ǽߣҪҲǲ̫ܵģ
¶һ˿ЦݵǲѡҲֻһջɽ֮Уϣ³к޵һǳĺã
ֵۿˡ޵Ǿֵ۵ĺ֮ҲӦսˣ
³Ȼ֮ģǵ죬ͻ֪˵ĴսѾǲɱˣ
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˶û뵽ڣȻܹɽ۳ĵ۾Ҫһۣ
ϢɽĻվ˵ĵطû˰ɣ
³ƺһš޵и顭΢΢һЦ
ֵ˵
³˵˵һԵ˿Ŀɿڴ
׵۳֮սң꼰۳ɽǣ޲ҪͿ̿顣ΪҶ˿ɾһУ
Ǻǣֵ۱ʵǾ塣Ҳд⣬ֵӮˣ޻˵Ӯˣ޾ǣ޹
³쿴ף̬ʵҲԼһ·
³첻ţȻǣ
׵ĹŹ֣³оȻһ˿΢仯
ԭҪ۳죬޴Ӧ³ۣնɱ³֮۳޿ܵǣ
Ҳĵ˵
ڳû˻᲻˵ĻΪǵô˵ġ
ԡһŵǧ
иɻ󣬲ֵ֪ۿɷΪ޽󣿡
³ȻԾʽתһ⣬ƺŶ֣




2614۾İս
 

۾
ԭΪֱӻ֣û뵽ȴ˼ҳ
ʵϣ׺³ĳ˵Ļġ
ȴһֱĸо
Ѫ𣬿ɼȴȻƵ
ǣ˾Īģ
³۵ɻӦ֪ˣ΢΢һЦ
³ĵͷȻֵ֪ǿɷ֮
Ҳ޷̫幬³ۿǵã׿һ³졣
³΢΢һ䣬ת˲֮ѾǻָʵǿᣬҲֲϸڣ
λϲŭɫ³Ѿˣ
ֵۿΪ
³쿴׵ʵȻƺѾ֪˴𰸣ѯʵ
׵ͷ³ۿ»֪޵ʦ𣡡
㡭˵ʲô
³쵭Ҳû뵽Ȼôһͽܣ
³ۺܾȰЦһ
ʵһ˿Ļᣬľֻɷ֮ͨԶĥˣ
ѭڤڤ֮ƺעһ㣡
³һԭһǧֿܣȴû뵽㾹ȻͽܣʵЩֲֻ޲ף걻ɱ֮ǰûͽܡ
³Ƶĺܣ
̫幬ֻΪҪõһ

ȴҲûó³쳣ջ

Ϊ˷ŵ˶֪ûͽܣ
ͻȻðôһͽܣһͽܣΣ۳Ĺˣ
³ôܹأ
³һͷˮӣ׳޾֮·ʦȷ⣬³ȴû뵽ʦһȴˡ
ⲻܣ
³겻ɻʾ۷ʵ
ҪλɵۺڵǿѣǸǲܵġ
³Ϊ֮ô
Ҫ֪߲亦³ܲף
Ϊ۳ĵ۾³һɱϵģ
³ΪܵƫƫͷˣĶ֤ˣ³۵ϣõĶɣ
׵һЦ˿ھ³죡
Ǳ¶أ
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Ϊһ̣ȴ̫̫ˣֻսʤǰλʥǿ߻û̫İգ
ɵۺڵǿߣԼҲһս֮
³ʵѾЩɵۺڵķˡ
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һսҲûˣ
ԣٶķϻʲôأ
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³̫ԸҲ˵أ׵
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ʥǿ߹Ȼŵĺܣ
׵ҲĨһ˿ģʸ³컹ǲҪ
ܿܣ
һսǱɽһͳǱǳȫ³죡
Ψս
ʱҲıǣ֮ǰˮͻ˵Ļ³һսʸûУ
׻δĸȸֽĿȻնɱ³죡
ȴ뵽һ⣬һնɱɹҲܰ
ɽڲûգ
׿ûôɵվŸɱϰߣ
ֹУһ˲䣡
㾹Ȼó޵ʵ³쾪㵵Ŀס
Ҫ֪ʥǿߣһɵǿ߸οʥһҪı־ǸʱͿռ䷨һ˿
׾ȻóԼľ磬ĪѾΣ
³ԭһĨЦݽȡ֮һȻ
ǲСһﰡ
³ۣҾսۣ֮Ҳһ£սɣ޿֮е³ǲôǿ
׵ӰѾʧԭأ˿֮һ޴Ӱ˵ĸǰ
³Цһսۣ֮Ѿܶû˵ĳˣޱҪֵΪ޵ֵܺͶᣡ
޽յҲ³һ̡
׵ҲһĨȣϣ޷ʣ
һĨ£һҫ۵ĺ⣡
³Уһ֣գ
ɱ⣬ѾڱһƬɭĵһ㡭




2615µǵ
 

۾
Ѿɢռ֮Уǿ˸оܺ
ڵͣС𡢻סۻ˵ˣ˿̶ĿͳĿۣ֮
ֶԾ
ǧѷ꣬ο⻹ɽͷ֮һɱأ
ڽ֮ɽƶᷢһ츲صı仯
һиʱû̫Ĺϵʵȴǣÿһ˵ˣ
״磬Ǽһʵôǿ𣿾Ȼʥ϶㣡
СҲΪĵǣʵڵʵԸһ˻Ǵ´ˡ
֮ǰ³ףСսʤ֮İա
ǰλ۾ܵ˵ǿ
üͷ΢΢˵ʵ治³Ķ֣û뵽һĳɳٶȾȻ֮찡
һԵķۻ΢΢ͷȷһΪֵĻɫʥϵʵΪ̰
ô죿
С֮ǰһţ׺ͷۻ˵ҲЩɵˣ
һԵŻ׵ĻҲһ¶֮ɫ
ǺŵĲУ
ĭԶ׵λ磬״򲻹Ǹ𣿡
ճ˵ĻӦģ׵˵
һԵС״ô˵Ӧʵˡʵʥϵʵ֮绹һߣ
ǡΣˣ֮͸һӾ֮ɫ
Ȼܹţ˭Ҫȥأ
οոո׼棬úõһʱ䶼ûء
ʥϼȻҸ³սĻӦЩհɣϾҷʥһֱûа֮ս
Ҳǰο˵üͷѾšĸˡ
ʥ磡
ʵЩ̾ΪֹǿɽǿߵĴ˰
û˵Ϊʵǲ˵ģ
ۻȴûⷽ뷨ۺʥĿǰʵ˵ΣϵǺܴģ
ۻˣ㵽׻᲻˵û˵
ۻһЦ⡭ⲻ˵ʵǿʥǿ߰
ʥ磿ɽƺûɣһɻʵ
ʵûеһεˣ֪ʥĴڣ
ʥ绹һ˵Ǳǰ񾳣ԥһǵʵϴﵽεˣǰֻ̤ˣ
磿
˾ֵĿǰļˣ˵˾̾
ɽ绹ûлأ˼ҶѾˣ
³ӦǸʱͿռķԲŵεģۻ˳³ȷһλŰǻڵʱһҲɽ¶ˮģ
磿ǡһᶼûˣĴ˿Ѿǳ˹ȵף
ʵû뵽׵Ķ־Ȼǿ˵ĳ̶ȣ
װοۺʵҲ̫ģҵƴȫ߻ûġ
ǰǰ񾳣Ҳǲսʤģۻ˳ٶȣôһ㣡
Ҫ֪ۻ˿ȸһǿߣ
ȸһΪǿĳ˻ϵ֮⣬Ǿٶˣ
һҪ׷ǻǲ̫ܵģ
ʥ֮ǰͲµ³׻֪ͨ³죬ʥһԼİ취˰ɣСҲҰο˵
ۻû˵˵ʵ֮ǰҲΪ³Ҳ̤ɵۺڶѡˣǼҪɱĻҲǺѣɡû뵽һﾹȻѾ̤ʥ磬һʥҲû뵽
㡭ѵûпʥϻһ𣿡СЩ۵
һֱǳ˾Եģνʥǿߣ׻ǿսʤ֮ģ
˵СʥʲôʱһӣۻƵ˵
ҲΪ׵ĸԣҲ֪׵ûʲô֣
ɾкô
ڷۻ˿ǿɵ۳ڵľҪԿʥǿǸǲܵ飡
ʵʵǵ蹵һ㣬޷Խ
ǻȫ׼ɣһ£ܼܲȰɣҲһı
Сӵ˻ǲһ㰡ʥǿߣûսʤϣ
ڵĻ׺ͷۻŵĿ¾εˣ
ҲʥϳκεģСһᶨ˵
ʲôģɥɥۻû˵
ݣ
ڴʱԶ֮۵˼ͬʱˣ
ռ·˲䱻һգ˸оЩһ㣡
ӰVS⣡
һĻ˶ɴ۾´ʲôһ㡭




2616¾ս֮
 

ৣ
Ļ
³ѿһ˿̵Цݣ
˵ǰ֮Ȼǳͣɳ˱Ͼǳˣ
ɱ֮ɱ֮ޣһƺһӶŷ˳
ûκεԥһ־ɱУ
򣬾Գ
һɽХһĳ׵ķٶȥ磡
ռƺ⵶˺һ㣡
ʥǿߣֱɽӣ
ԭ΢΢պϵ˫ۻ³ɽԼķüͷ
׻ˮͻƵɵڵĻ´˿̵³һս֮ûС
³ԶеĻҪĶ࣡
ݣ
â
һײӲǿӲĻʱΣϵǳʼα
һУ
ԭ̽ã³첢δƴȫôȫԸأ
ˣǵ滹ǻԭķ
֮
һʱͿռĿȱĳ˶³Ľ
ȻԲ׽ĳͣڸ˵ѾǴ´ˣ
ʧˣѲɶ۾ôˣҲ̫û˰ɣ
ܰɣⶫ۾ʵҲ쳣ǿᣬôôأ
ȷʧ˰ҸӰӶûˣ׶༪ٰ
Ǳʥϵǿƹʣ˰ɣ
ߣǶ۾ȻǸʥȣ˺ܶడһ֮ڸǸа
һ˸֪׵ȥʲôطǿѾ군ˣ
Ķ㿪ˣأ
һУⶫ۾ȻӲǻָźֵܹס
Ȼǲܵģ
³۽гһ죬֪Լûлף
ֵ۹ȻʵǷȻܹɹĶ޵һ޻Сˣ
³쳯֮еĳһȥҲǳɫ
ԭ۷׷׵ˣ³Ļ֮ǶһĴ㵣
ûֻǶ㿪ˣ
ղŵٶʵ̫̫죬ݲǰ˷Ӧٶȣ

Х
³컰δ֮ʣ֮䣬һӰب֮У漴ƿն
ѹǣ
Ӱۣ֮֮Էɳʯ
籩Ϯ
˲䣬֮ǧɵĽ籩
һ㣬³ķϮȥ
ף
һ̾ϢδɢȥʱǽѾǰס³죡
Ҳ
ôԼ˵ıأ
ӲһУ
³֮Ĩһ˿Ĳм׵Ľ
еĳһε³ֱӳǽ籩ŭնȥ
¡
޴ನһ㵴𣬼ನȴҲ˸оһ˿Ϣ

֮Уһ󵶽ײ쳹ڣ
գ֮䣬׺³ѾϰٻغϹȥˣ
ã
˴ֻǿȥ˭Ҳκβ˭³ԽԽ
Ϊһֲ̫һЩѾǸо˾޴в
³첢֪ǣȻʱͿռķ򣬿ȴ֮
ˣղŵһ׿¾ѾΪ³ĵˡ
ܹƾУȫΪ׵֮³ƣ
׺³ҲûʹԼȫȻģ
ֵ۹ȻеţɵڵʵȻܹ޶Կڣʵĺܣ
³Ǿȫû뵽ǰһﾹȻ˵ĵ̣
ɵڣȻܹԼλʥǿ߶Կ
ҪôչȥĻ˼۳ʱѣ
˱ɱ֮
³֪ҪɱһǾǺ
δƴȫҲʹ˰˾ŷֵʵɾȻκβһ
׵һЦŸոտʼ³ֺαǫأ
ֵҲûзӳԼȫʵֵ۾ҪƷһ޵ľѧˣ
ˣ
³֪ôȥʵѾû̫ˣ
޵Ҫ³۵ľѧǷأ
ˣ
³Χ˲γһУ
˶̵ʱγ˿ֲУ³³֮⣬мܹˡ
ǿѧ
׸³ǿϢɫҲ¶һ˿ء
գ
³ȳһԭ³ߵֱӱһ㣡
ǡʶ
ڰ֮УһĨ⸡˳³Ϣ׶оЩ
Ҳ֮а𾪣˵ʵɽܹ˵֮٣
֮һã
һХ˿ƣԵ֮




2617ܾ
 


һ̺ճ
³쿴ŶبľӰҲɫһ䣡
ȻǾ
³𾪵ĿףȻҲʶģ
ͻȻʹɱУ³һǰλ۾ȻѾû֮ǰֲм
Ϊ֪ã֪ǰλ۾ʹ˾֮ȻǲϵСԼ֮Ĳ࣡
ಣ
û˿ԥ³˵ʱƴȫԼеĳ
ҫۡƿն׵ķնȥ
ԭϷǧ棬һ̻۳һӴޱȵĵ⣬ûκˮ
Ĩһ˿ЦѾϣ
һ
׵ͳ˻е޷潣һҲǱŷҫ۵Ľ⣡
һٿһֱӴʻب³ǵĸǰ
¡
޴ĺ쳹
֮һ̳׵ıû
ǿΪ֮Ŀ
Ҳڲһһôɵǿߵıӻʵ΢һЩ˿Ѿˣ
ÿֲϢѵǿߵĶԾ𣿡
һսⱲӼΪ۷ĶԾ˰
û뵽۾ʵѾǴﵽ˿ֲĵز֮ǰһΪ׸أ
ҲΪ۾УҸʥϰˣ˼ҲУ
һʱ䣡
еΧ֮˶ǵһ
һʤѾǹĵˡ
ܶڹۿһս֮һֶĸо
ǿ߶ԾƼ򵥣
ɴ򣬵زЩڵĶЩ˵κε
˵Ŀһ̶ۼ۾ϣ
ǶҪ˵˭ܹЦ
ֻ˭Ҳûע⵽ԭ׳ǰˣһҲʧӰ٣
ۣ֮
ǿס³Ľ֮ҲǴڴڵĴŴ
³ȻȥҪ΢ĺһЩҲʱڿԷˣ
ղ˵ײþȫ
Ĺһ֮սƺЩĻ˼
Ȼɵ۵ĶԹǳľʣ˻Ǿò񫣡
˿̣
Ȼʱ޷ָȴģΪ³Ҳòȥ
οȻСѾǱԼ˴룬һȴȻ
ۻˣ
µĺ֣Ҳϣ
һζ³̽Ҳ˲࣡
ʵϣ
֮ǰ׾Լնɱ³ѾûκεˣӴ֮ŷ֣³ԶԼҪǿܶ࣡
ֲһҰĲҲʵΪ֧ŵģ
֪ʱҪ³ף²һ׵顣
ֵѾǿ֮ĩˣ
³¶һĨЦ⣬Ҫ֪һ߿źܶǿߵġ
׵˭Уղʹ˾֮ǰ˵ƺҲǱˣ
ΣѲ³۴ԶŲɣ
׵Ļʵָľ˶սĳŵ˲ֵĻǳ
ֵʵЩ̫һЩ޵أѲ޵Ͳ޵ʵ𣿡
³⻰ʵҲûдϾ۳Ѳ˼ҷԼֳɵƲã
֮ǰ³ô˵ȫΪ³ջף
Ȼգȴðˣ
Ͼڵʵ룬ʱҪָҲ̫ܡ
ʵǱһգʱһɵǿߣ¶ܹҪһ
³ȴֺһϻʲô۶ӣյı˶նɱ߻׽ף
³죬Ҫסޣ»ǷȱһЩڰɡ
׵Ĩһ˿ζ֪ǾԲֵʲôôģ
Լдѵʱ䣬Ծ뿪ˣ
һս³δûʲôþ˯ˣ
޵Ҫ쵽ôӳȥģ
³Ҳǳ׵ŭˣʱˣһﾹȻôſ
Ҫ֪³ߣپۼ˼ʮλɵ۾ǿߣ
οڵ׸ûκεв
׿³һЦ³ۣɽġˮҶ˽һսҲЩ˽ˡϣһʱ³ۻܹнôõ
ǴԲѣţΧɱˣ˭նɱףޱΪϮ桢ٹ⣡
³ٺһЦջ³³³֮⣬κ˶޷ֵģ
Ҫ֪۳ǿνһ찡




2618Χɱף
 

Χɱף
³Ŀ⽥䣬д޵ţ
һιԭΪԼɱûκġ
û뵽׵Ϻöʵ̫࣬Ͳ˵ˣһȻд֮еľ
ڵɽ磬ǿǾBUGĴڣ
ڱ׵õ³ۺ찡
Բܹˣ³ڵ뷨
ο׵߸ûʲôˣսҲѾһޣ
Ǹղ³ĹĻһʱͻնɱף
ڣԼߵѾ㹻ˡ
ֻ³쿴ߵǸ֮ƺоһ˿˿Ĳ
ȸһһﾹȻҲйϵ
³һͷǰǸ˿ȥƺЩϤ
³һʱỹ벻ʲôطˡ
Ͼһ³ۻ˵ʱûļ̳۳ĵ۾֮λ
³һûۻ˵˭
ȴλǿߣʵһܹġ
ʥϣ׾ͽҰɡ
³ս֮ǰҲ£
֮ǰ׶ֵĻ±˴Լ趼ʶҲпܵģ
Ȼû뵽λ۾Ȼ˵
ΣѾǿ֮ĩˣ
ղű׸Ϸˣڵ³漱ڵҪ
³΢΢ҡͷϰɣ׹Źֵĺܣô֪ûʲôɱأ
ʥϣղѾ̫ˡʲôɱﵣҲʹ
³øܣΪԼĴʵǽ̫ˣ
һѾ˴һν쳣ѵˣôӵأ
ο³ɲǳصģʵȻԼĴ³ף
Ҳɵڵǿ߰
۾֮Ľ棬ɵۼǿһӸоЩ㱣
Ҳ֮飡
ղŵһսȷ£
ֻ³ѾǺ·ˣ
ߣɣΪ۾Ϊһ𣿸οߵǸһ㶼ŪȥûȤ۳Ѿˣ
³û˵ʵԼǶΧɱײɹĻǿǴȥˣ
׵ԼĶ³۬ʱ³컹ûеһ£
һֱͻȻնɱԼĵܵ³һ̣
³žһƺǸвǸʱ³컹ûĽ׷У
ڣ³첻ΪصĻɱĶ˵ΨһҪɱĶ
ɽ磬ףû˭ܹ˲һʾ
ǡǸҲ򲻹ôܣ
³ЩˣʵҲڲ̶Ȱɣ
³쵭˵ţҲҸ޴ģ
ʥʵȺĿ棬Ļأ³ԼͣʵЩġ
³Цһ棬һﻹôԸ޸ϵѾ׵˰ɣ
ʥԼǡܲ׳Ҳû뵽Ȼ˵³εЦЦ
³쵭˵氡³ҸΨһĿԱǴˡ
𣿡³澪㵵Ŀ³졣
³ɫֳһĨǵѵ㲻ĳɳٶ̫𣿿쵽޶о󼹷̶ǧʱ䣬Ȼܹ˵ٶ𣬼νʦҲܰɣ
ǲһѣû뵽ȻͽܣʵⰡƾնǲ֪ɽʲôʱôһλ׽͸
³Ҳò׵ȷеţ
˶̵ʱڣһﾹȻѾӵս۳ʸ񣬼³ʥǿߵʵҲ⣡
ԺҪնɱ¾Ͳǵˣ
³̾һϵһγֳһĨ֮ɫ
³ֵ˵ʥֺα˵ĵأھۼʮλɵ۾ǿߣҪߣ²̫ܣ
ߣ㿴𣿡
³ȻԸȴԼ۾
ϿԼȷռ˼ƣ˼һ˿һĺ£
˵ģ˵Ǹ𣬿¾Ͳһܹģ
ŲԶʮλɵۼǿԾԾԵĿף³һԼߵĸо
ָоʵЩ΢³ȴôˣ
ʱһһĹȥ˫ƺ˭ҲԸǰ֣Ͼǹͷĵ˭أ
˵Ľ֣Ҳǳ׵ķԼ
˿̣˭Ҳ֪СڷɵٶȻָš




2619޿ѡ
 

㳡
׺ͷۻˣԼʮλɵǿߵΧϵĵȻ˸оһ壡
ǵж֮ˣǸӵĳǿߣ
ɽ磬ԭһǿߵĵط
ο֣˼Ȼ̨ܹ
ⲻò˵λ۾һ
ȻղŸ۾³ĶԿУ·磡
ⲢǶʵǿϿɣϾ³ǿߣǺ֮㣡
۾Ľ棬ӳģ
Զ
޿ͷƺЩŵĿףԭǲӦ˵ӵġ
ƺΪһѺ
үүô½ᱻڸİ
Ŀ޿ҲǸֳһĨ֮ɫ
Ҫ֪Ϊ۳һţȻԶ۾֣Ǻ˵Ⱑ
ο޿֮ǰ׻һЩģı߿»кܶĲ²⣡
ΣڿûȤҪ֮λЩҪ˰ɣ
޿ٺһЦҲǺĸֳһĨƤ֮ɫ
ĵͷ˵ʵǸסŶǸ۾ʵͦġ
ֹѾͷΪԼž;ǰɣһ֪ʲô˰ɣݴλ۾Ǵ½ɽвǧ갡
޿֮ǰףҲһ˽⣡
δעˣ״ɱķʱҲˣ
һβһˣ޿Ȼû뵽Լ׻
ʵϣ׽仰޿һĸо
ָо˵Ȼ֮вһֲΪеͷ
˸
Ǵ֮е˸ɣ
޿ڲְףΪûƺ󣬵Ҳв
ѡ񣬾䣡
үүͱ˵ˣǾ̫ˡɽʷһλɣǧʱ䣬Ҳֲ̫ˣ
ΪԼһţ
ڣԼŵݣںܶ˶ǿġ
ھ֮󣬷ĵľƺҲһ
ˣ
ľ͵ӣ˴̬ܹ֮ƽ
޿ڶԶ۾ĺܣҲԸΪУԱھȻܲһεΧɱ
۾Ļүү¡ĵǵʵ
ǣΣȥ޿ν˵Щ鲻ܹ˵ġοΪⶫ۾Ӳȥ
ˣӵóȥ
ЩŵĿԼүүڷĿ׼Ǳ֣֮
㿴۾ߵ˼ҿʱϵԽԽ󣡡
޿ҲԼ²⣬ҲҪ׵еװġ
ʱ˼һܹƵ˵ľ棬ⱾѾ۷ˡ
үүҲܹҪ֪۳ĵ̣߾Ǽ˸ӦԲˣүүûзߵЩ˶ھʣһˣ
Ŀ޿ҲЩӵ˵ЩͻȻʧˡ
ʱԼĵ۾·ֱе
ҲҸоֵĵطղ˻Ǳߣת˲֮Ȼûˣ㲻𣿡
޿֪ô£һӦòܰ
ɽŽգҪӳȥҲ̫ܰ
ڶ۾ˣԱߵǸ˾ҲܶסʮλɵǿߵΧɣүүҪ۾ùϵĻҿԵȥһ°ɣ
ȫǴںԼүүĽǶȳ
޿ȴ΢΢ҡͷҶĵľǶ۾ܹӳȥӲȥĻǾҿˡӳȥĻ۾Ҫˣ
үүһ϶ˣ۾ߵǸ˻ñ۾һƾʲôܹ뿪أ˵ʵ۾һ
Ĳ˵
ҲֻһָоѣǰǰΧƺ˭ҲԸ׵ĳԡ۾ղŵĴսȷǸЩɵǿӰ˰
޿һ֣ĿһεĻص׵ϣ
˿ԽԽɵ飬ҲһĲ죬Ϊʵǲһﵽʲô
³죬ԭղȴͱˡô޽ձѪϴڣһ棡
ĳһ̣׺Ȼ俪˵ֻ˽Ϊһˣ
䣡
ڵĹ㳡֮ѾһƬţ¾Ȼܹ˵Ļ
ⶫ۾ֱŹͷ˰




2620ȭͷ
 

ⶫ۾ǲǱʥϸ㶺˰Ȼʼ˵ˣ
ǰڵĴȻвʥϣֱ
Ǻǣǿ֮ĩѣ˵ݻģ
߿Ǻüʮλɵ۾ǿߣˣ˼һһĭܸ
ڵĹ㳡֮ϣ
ܶ˶һ۷׷ףΪʵĲѾȥˣ
е鶼ƽܶڶڴ۳ߣ
һĻ۳Ժ󲻾ûκε谭
ʱһ۳һͳɽ磬Ǹʱ۳񲻶Ǹһȣ
һ뵽ߵʱ򣬺ܶ˶˷쳣
Ͼǿ۳ҲϺŵ˰
ԣ˵Ļʱ򣬺ܶ˶ǸоЦ
Ѿ˱ĵزˣȻйѿ֮
ȷһλ۳۾Ϊ
ֻû˿ףΪĴʵ̫Σˡ
ʵ۾Ȳһ߾Ͳ˵ˣҲһ˶ѡ
˾ҲΧʮλǿߵĶ֣
Զ
Ǽʮλɵǿһͷ϶ðźЩС˵޹ʹ
ʵҪǰλ۾
֮ǰûжֵʱһ¶ԾԾԵĸо
˸ղ׸³һ֮ս֮Щɵǿ֪ǰλ۾һǵĴڣ
˼˵
㿴ǿʱ˵
ԽôţЩԭҪһѵɵǿԽǲҿ
֣
γ棬Ψһԭ֮ǰױֳʵʵ̫ǿˣ
ɵǿǵĶʲôǾ³׿ڵµ֮λ
֮λջʵ̫ˣ
Ҫ֪һΪ۳Ǿζſ۳ڵһԴ
ɵǿҪʲôҪĲЩ߼Դ
Щ߼Դƿ˭УƿǿߵУ
ǿ۾ǿʵ֪۳Щۼ˲֪ٵĲƸˣ
ҲҪΧɱ׵ԭ
ƽ޹ʵģ˭Ը׵ĸǿ߽أ
Ҫ֪һ˼ˣǵʱǿ¾Ҫ޾Ŀ־֮ˡ
ǿɲ³Ǳߣʵǿᣬܹһս
οɽӵɱĳƺţ
ƺţǿɲģ˼³ĶӶɱʲôأ
壬λڵ˿Ҳдԥ֮ɫ
ʵһͶߣ
ԼӸո׵УҪñ˸Լ
֪ԼʵҪ׶Կܣ
ԣڵľ棬ȻУڵȴһᣡ
ֻԽǵȴԽ꣡
Ϊܹﵽɵ۲εˣû˭ɵӣ
Ψһܹջǵֻ棬Ҳû˻ᵱͷ񣬳ԼԼ̫ˣ
ʱһһĹȥʱĹȻôţ
ȴ˰죬յľȻ˿һ仰
ŭһףͷȻҿڳԣ
ಣ
һһһ⳯׵ķֱӱɱȥ
ûа취
Ϊһ׵̫ˣ׿϶ǲŹԼġ
ΨɱףܹܺõĻȥ
ҲҸʥ˵
ۻЦһһ˼״ȥء
һֱô׼ˣ
ֻһֱȴҲǷǳƣ
׽˶ֵĽ֮󣬷ۻ֪һء
ԼͱQˣ
ԭûעߵķۻˣΨһĿ꣡
ֻҪˣһеͶˣ
һȭ
ۻ˵Ӱо֮ϣһ룬˵ͷƤըˣ
¡
ۻ˵ȭͷǶɵһ㣬ֱӺϣ
ûüӦͱۻ˸˳ȥ
ۣ
ڿпѪоһķ
һȭоԼɢˣ
ڷۻ˲δ¶Լı壬ֵܷסۻ˵һ˵ˣ
簡
Ȼͷùһ
ȫ֮ɫ
ֻע⵽ףȴûע׵߾ȻиֵĴڣ
һΣѾǽĿתƵ˷ۻ˵ϣ
ۻ˿ڵأɨΧЩɵǿߵ˭ϽӹҪٲĻӿɾҪɱˣ
һϣһˣֻҪɱ׾ܲˣ
һλɵǿЦһ
׵֮Ĩһ˿ɱ޸ǻᣬǲúõϧǿɱֲˡҪ޵ǾҪľɱ




2621³·
 

׻䣡
ûзӦĹôµʱ򣬾Ϳλ۾ѾǶ˼ˣ
롢ֿݣ
λ֣һ̷һĳ˵ĸǰ
֮ǰĽ̫࣡
׵ĵҩʵֻ̫࣬ҪٵĲں̵ܶʱھͿԻָ
ټڵʱʱǳĸߣ
ǻָǸӵĴݣѾȫ֮ǰйĵӣ
ɱ¾һ̾Ϳʼˣ
ײɱ֮ˣĿ׼ΧɱЩˣ
ãϽˣ
³ԭһ˿ȻųУȻǰλȸһǿ
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ۣ
³ûһϲ
ֵĿ³⡭ôܣȸһ𣿻룿צһѲɸˣĻǡ
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³첢ţĻ̲½ˡ
һֱûж˵ǵʵʵǺǿ
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أ
׶Ż˵ˣ߰ɣ
ʥϣǲ׷³ˣǿһֱɱ˰С̵
Ī׷ĵѵʵɱ˲һʱɣϴ㲻˵иطֱȥǰ·ɡ
׵˵
ۻ˵һҲǼ˵ֱ֣ȥĺǰɡ




2622ĺ
 

ĺǣ
½̻Ἧɢأ
Կ½ڴ̾ᡣ
ĺһĴڣ߿˵Ƕ½Ĵڣ
ǴڵֻһǾ׬ȡʯʯ
ֻҪʯǴү
ֻҪоԵʵҲñ˵ء
һеǰǮƣǵ͵һЩ
Ϊĺ̾ᣬǴķʽҲǷǳֱӣ
ĺǵĳУһרŸĵط
κ⣬ֻҪԸĻԵǱ߽
˵ǽĵطʵϾһ鳡Լȥ˭Ӯ˭ţƣ
ô򵥣
ûκεˮ
˵ˣһЩˣ˭ƣ
ԣطҪҲûпܣһеǰǮƣ
Ҳֻܹܵõĺǵķ١
ʥϣĺˣ
ۻ˿׺ٺһЦһԵĻ뵹ҲԵ÷ǳĵ
ֻСƺǵһιоһжͦʵġ
úʥϣиּɡҲͽ¶ˣһԵķۻ˵˵
ۻ˵ͷãӣĺĴ½Ϊĵĳ֮һˡɽἰĺҲ˲֪˲
ԭΪ˵ʲôܵĵطԭĺǡĺǵȷǳĳҲǵһ
ЦŵĺΪŴķҲſ͹صġ
ͨĴ½ĴϹʱڵǿµ󷨡
һ˻ƻˣ
ĺҲΪ˺ܶ˾Ķ󣬲ĺǻǱǿĳЩ漯Ÿˡ
Ϊһټĺǣʵÿ벻ڴ۳
Ϊ֮̾ˣοܶ۳ûеĺöﶼС
ΪĴ½СеļɢأҪĶһоУ
Ѿһٶûĺˣſȥƺ֮ǰҲ̫డ
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һԵĻһƺͨĺ͵Ϯ½ɣǺǣת֮ôȥˣڿһѾǻָ˰
ĺǲ֪û֮ǰôķٰۻݸһЦ
˵Ҷоȸһģ㻹úõȥɣЦŵ
ۻʼ˰ɣܹʶҵҲˣһҲֻҪȥԭ˼ءȻҪȥˣЩˣ
ӣҲǺ顣ϴϣôоͲôأ
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ҲǵһȥܲӣСһҲǺٺһЦ
ĺ˶УҲ½Ψһܹܹͬʱĵط塢塢ʹ塢ħ弸̾ڴˣ
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ħҲڣüʵ
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ħе۾ħʽͬΪͫԵʣ㱻徴Զ֮
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ħ̾ڱ½½ʵɽСһ½ʵϽ൱ڶ½ķ֮һС
ԣħʵǿ
ħһص㣬ǱŽᣬѰŽᣡ
ҲΪһ˲ħ֮ˣΪֻҪħˣǱǲݵľ棡
ħ嵱ȻˣҪ֪ħ֮ʵǿᣬɱ½ԴΪѷǵȻҲ취Ķ½׬ȡʯûʯôأ
ۻЦŵ춫½ֺֹأ
ħ廹ʹһ壬ǵĿ궼Ƕ½
ϾΪҪԴǿӵǿԴ޹ϵ
ˣǽȥɣǵﻹһ𰡣Цʵ
ɶ˼ۻ˲Եʵ
ôһҲЩۣҿɢжĿСǾأʵ
ÿ¿һΣ뿪ʱӦûаµʱ䣬ߺţһʵڣһʲôöҲ˳°
ۻ˺ٺһЦ
ĺǣһƣǾԽ֮ǣ
Ϊߵʵ̫̫࣬ܶ˲ʶõĻһҹҲǿܵģ
˷ɢУµĳĺǵķ˹ȥ
ʶҲ࣬ԸҲû˹עãã˺֮еһˣ
ȥħ
̤ĺǵһ̣һг뵽ĶС
ħ֣Ҳǻ˳Ǹ˹ȥ




2623ħŮû
 

ĺǣζӾ¥ſڣ
峤ΪĽӽȴɫͫ׵ŮɫǺĿŲԶǵСˣ
Сֺ飬˸оһ
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Ȼζɺ̧ܶͷһı仯
ʯ
Ϊ׵ǸŮƺһԱҪСһЩŮɫε˵
ʯħҲ˼ǵζӳԷǿ»֪ǵζӵļ۸ɣϽ⣡
С˸˽룬Ů߲ѡ
ħôˣĺǣκ嶼Խ롣Ů
ǰȥʲôطȥʲôطҹܲšǵζӲħ⡭
ζſڵСˣƺ˷У
ʵⲢǵζһˣħ˵еλһֱߡ
οħԭǶ壬Գϡƽˡ
ȻһЩطħ岢ܵӡ
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ϾǶ½ĺǻǿС
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㣬ҪȻͻطɡ
Ůһλ΢СһЩŮһŮ죬ӵ˵
巣һ͵͵Ӧ㵽ζԺóԵġİɣֲûʯƾʲôǽ
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ֻȴһħЩ̫һ
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ħȷƲƯħҲǻһ㣡
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ӣʲô˶У
οĺԼ飬˵ħһ𣬾塢ʹһʵǺ顣
ֻһ㲻мħʹһ
Ϊһߣ
빫ӣ˰¥ϰỹУϹأ
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ܹ̬Դħ֮ˣȻӦòһˡ
һСˣôܸ˵ĵΪأ
빫Ӱڰ֣ȻһԵͮ΢΢һЦλħŮȥ
ʲôϵͮĿ빫
ıƺһ־ǧ֮ĸоĮװġ
λŮԸͦ𱬰ϲľ
Ǹʼմһ˿ŵЦݵ
巣ߣ
ͮƺо˶Է߲ƣҲԥһֱ׼Լ뿪
ţûߣǾȻ͸ߣĺǻûм˸Ҳӵģ
һԼȴ˺ü飡
˵˵ݵȷǲ̫һ㣡
һԵСһֱǹȻҲǶ빫ӼΪء
ͮҪתĻǵһĺǣ֪˭ο֪˭ʲôϵأ
һСѾͷӿǵҡǴԹԵĸߵĻһж˵ǲߵĻǱӿɾͲôϧˣ
ƺǰħŮ˷У鶼Щ޼ɵζ
Ȼ˵ͷǲСҺпĺҲǵλߣ
ߣ
ͮ㣬Ȼ˵ͨԲ粻˵ˣ
ĺ˵һûм˸˵ġħŮ͵˱ӵʯ˵Ӧôأ
빫תһԵСˣ
СЩ˵ĺǵĹأ͵һɽɳãɱ͵߱˴áҿΪ빫֤
㡭ͮȻҲЩˣ
ɲ˵ģǳ˵㣡㵭һЦ
빫ӣŮһץ͹ȥҪȻ¥òͣСһӵ
Կó빫ӵӦ÷ǳĸߣ
ѰˣòС㣡
ôվ氡˵һȥζӳԶ𣿡
ʱ״Ӻ˳ЦеĿͮͮգһ۾




2624빫
 

ζſڣ
ԭ빫Ѿ׼ȥƺǰŮڱصã
ֻǵת׼С˽ȥʱȴ־Ȼ˹ˣ
빫û뵽ԼϵŮ˾Ȼ˸Լ
ÿɺ޵ǣ˾ȻҲģ
Ҫˣ
һȻ̫ͷ϶
פֱĿףƺҪ׿һ㣡
˿̣
ͮ巿һλ곯˹ǼüŪۡ
һʱ䣬ҲǱߣ
㡭
ͮʵ㵽˭һ־Щס
Ͼ֪˵ǲǰǵģǸ빫һġ
Ȼǵ棬˶ʲôˡ
ɾħһΪ廹ħ壬к˸˵ġ
ǶӡǷǳĲõģԼ׳֣Ƕǳֻɵ̬ȵġ
ʲô㰡˵Ҫζӵô֪ͨһֱӾ͹˰ǽȥɣ
״ֵ˵ҪְħŮΪǵĳࡣ
˵ʵͫŶһıŤ
ǶħǳĸȤҪͨǰŮ˽һħ嵽ʲô
ͮԥһ£׵ҡǾҪģûк㣡
ֻͮ׻Щ飬һԵȴһԲȥĺܡ
ˣҲǵһʹǽȥʡ
׾׼˳ߣ֪һԵλ빫ӿǲӦġ
Ȼ
Ҫǰߵʱ빫ӿЦһȰʶһ㣬챾òƽϣϽǰʧ
ǣλĪǹԸҲˣ
Цһɲʲô빫Ӱӵģ
ȻְæȻ˳׼ˣ
󵨣ȻҸ빫ô˵Сǲǻˣ
Сһ׾Ȼ˵ҲǺٻĶŭ
㲻һ¥СˣȻҲҸ˵һȥ
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֮ǰҲǷ飬С֪빫ӵ֮ŵĲһûӣ
С˻Ǵһϻص񫣡
Ȼݺܵ΢˿̷·빫ӵһ㣡
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С˱׸ҭĲһ˵
빫ӣСӿȥ
Сһ˼֮Ҳ
һЦעȤһ찡Щû£Ȼҽˡ
ӣǻ߰ɣҪһʶˣ
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Ȼû뵽ԶٷȻܹԳοٷûгԵϡ
װڰֵȻˣߵĵأζӽǳԶˣ
Сӣ֣Ҳ㣬ζԳԲǹԹԸӿļͷĻ˵ӻῴŮķϷ㣡
ŵĺܣ֪Ե˭
֪Ļ¸Ҳô˵ˡ
ֻڵƺҲûд㱩¶Լݣ
ǺǣԿ
׵ȻһЦСӾȻвԼҲˣ
ƺ˷ܣһֵǰһԿ
̣
׵Ľųǰ治һ
ƣԵƣ
㿴׵ӣҲĿɿڴСӣӻûп㰡Сӹ֣
Ǻǣã׼˵
ݣ
һƺ׵ĳ׵ķϮ
ѾǶһɽڵζӵſڣһȻ޹˼ɵľͶˣ
Ҫ֪ĺǵĹأڳڿǲֵܶģ
ֻƺ⣬ֵʱû˿ԥ
ԣ
¶һ˿Ȼʱȴһ˵ʵ
Լĸ첲ֱӱ׸סܿһͷѵ뵽ĶУ
໡
һɾҵʹϮȫǹװ׵Ĵʹһı
Ȼɻʾǿߣ׵ǰֻһѣ
οȻǿӲɱ˻飬Ҳ۵亹ֱð
ײ֣빫Ӻܿͷһ㣡
ס֣˵ҵζӵſڶ֣Ҫ𣿡
׼ϵʱһ뵽׵ĶУ
һλĻ𱬵ĺŮӳŵζӵſ˹




2625½άȵ
 

ζӣ
ĺǵشǿŻֺ֪طʲô֮أ
֮ˣȥҲŹʣӦǷǸ֣
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ң
ĺǣǿǳ˳ռҡ֮ļ֮һˣ
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С㣬ħŮҪǵζӳԷҲ֪ģǵζĹ涨ħ˽ġ
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ӣ㡭û°ɣʵ
Լһֻ첲ɥǧҪһˡ
İɣӡǵζӵſڴˣҪ߿ûôף
ת˿ף˵仰ʵҲЩĸо
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ħϵǳȴˣ
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׿һħŮӣƺδ˵һ㣡
ڳԷ϶ǳԲˣȻĻҲûбҪ˷ʱˡ
οĺǳԷĵطҲһҰɣ
ߣѲû˵뿪һǿҪҲˣ˰
һЦܿ߳λǿߣ
ɵ۳ھ磡
׵Ҳһ㶣ζӿȥһԷĵطû뵽Ȼĵ̣
ĺǵȷʲôһĵطһԷĵطȻʵ
λƺûκεĹϵɣ
¶һ˿Ц΢΢һЦ
빫ӿĺҵӣƵɵﲻҵˡԽ߳ˣǻ𣿡
ڸףҪ飡
Ϊ鵽󣬿϶ǸѲ˹ϵġ
ô˵ҪҽǸʲôˣ
ʼմһ˿Цݣиû̫ĵ
֪ΪʲôʱһȻܹЦó
λԼ˵һû̫ĹϵֻǲԸңԽΨһѡ񣡡
ףҲʵʵ˵
ԭǴ㶯ţ׵ģԽԽûеˣ
Щǰˣ
ͷˣȻܹЦóʵЩĿ࿴
׿λħŮԭҵȲΪ˳ԷȻ߲ˣǾͽȥ԰ɡ
һ̣˶סˣ
û뵽׾Ȼ˵Ļ




2626Ĵ
 

£
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ӣ
һûнҵ˷а
ȻʱҪԷð
Ҫŭȴֺһﶯ֣ԲεҲֻܱˣ
ŵǣһԼˣһ͵ɣ
С㣬⡭һҲ̫˰ɣֱûнҵζӷа
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ȻôһΪֺӣ
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λӻǳסʱ򣬾ȻҪԣħˡ
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׹һЦǾͿôˣҪһأҪһأ
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óȻķʵ϶Ҳǲġ
ĺǿɲֻ⼸Ҫ֪ɽתվ֮һⲿ˵Ҳġ
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¶һ˿εЦݵӣǵζǿĵطܲñ˾ǵζɣ
СӴңڵζӴңҲһ˵Ǿ͵ҵıɣ
һŭˣ˸ˣԼҲû⡣
Ҹ׶ֻ֣ܹˡ
ӣݸһЦ빫仰ҾͲˣûгסˣʧˡǵȷҵĹûߣҿ߸ҳȥȱʵڰɡ
˸ô˵ŭһ
ҲǲգϾҵʵأҲ̫ҸӲ
ҲһƢˣ빫ӣô˵ﻹĺǵĵ̣ѲĺǱ˸ˣ㻹Ҫȥҳ˵ȥɣ
Σ
㱻Щ˵ȥ
һԵֿС㣬빫ӣǿҪùİ
˶ӻӣѲɾΪƽһʯԼʲô֪ˣ
һֶĵӣҲŭ棡
ŵĲ˵һԵһλ߳С㣬ұϾǳ壬Ȼǲ̫ð
ϣЩ𣿡
λϵͷСԼǣ˴ݲȣȴд֮簡ֻ˿ȥĺܣҿӦòĺǵˡ
ǰԭһĴһӣǺ˵ı֣ҾǾĺáһЩ
һԵλϣ˵Լе뷨
˿׵ıӰȥҲǼΪĸӣ




2627ħ
 

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˵ЩҪֳƿģΪƽĺҲһϲ۸˵
ڵùˣȻЩ˾һֿĸо
ֻײ˵Ŀ⣬ȻѾæˣɲϲְ;ϵĸо
ŶͮһĸоҲЦ
⡭λӣղŵл˰
ͮ״һЩȻ˿ҲǼΪĵǣǸлף
ħ֮ˣжг𱨳
һ㵹ΪͣȻһֱ춫½޹غǵԸ
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ЦŵǵҪһ𣿡
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һԵƺСĺܣһֱǲȻܵ˾š
֮ǰԵĿһŮ˵ʵŮħӦҲЩġ
ٴǵԼıֱ΢֮ˡ
һİǺסģ
ֻ׶ħʵûжٵ˽⣬ǲ²Ҳ޴֡
ʵҰǣȷһԭ򣡡¶һ˿Цݡ
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ͮɫһлֱ˵
飡
Ů˵ӵȷĸо
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ӣһֱϲ㲻Ҫġħûʲôλ
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׵ͷţħŽᣬҲΪħֻһ۳ԵʰĴ۳ûа
̰ءʵҲӣղǸʲô빫ӿȥĺʵǿ壬ҲŹİ
ͮǵĿס
׵˵޷Һλƺ¡
¡
׺ͮ˽̸ʱһ񱩵Ϣ˵ζӵϿա




2628
 

ﷳ˵ĲӬĻ治ʱ򰡣
΢΢ҡͷʵҲ֪һٷԵЩ
ԭΪǰħŮӦ΢ЩݵħŮӶѡ
û뵽ħŮݾȻ׶ЩԾ
Ȼͮ˵Լú
׿ó巼ûʲô۵֡
ղһƺ¶ǵݣҲ֪ħŮħ۳ˣʳģ
Ҳпܱ֮ʳҪһЩ֣⸸ʶֵȷЩɡ
ûκεĹϵֻǶħȤѡ
Ͼħǰ֪һħҲкôġ
㣬ǻǷźŰɡ
巿ͮҲǵǵ˵
һԵͮͷλΪǲ鷳ģħжԲǣǵˡ
˵꣬ͮжһŲʵʯͷ
ˣ
һʹͮʧܿʯͷʧȥԭĹ
ͨʯ⵹Ǻöһ˿ò𰡣
΢΢һЦͨʯʵûʲô̫ôǿԴźš
ȻˣⶫȻΪʲôû̫İ۸ȴΪİ
ͮеͨʯͮݸЩˡ
ͮ΢΢һЦλӾǣǱħĿˡ빫ӷģڣȻµġ
ŶҿɵöлλˣЦŵ
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ĺǳ֮һҵĸ峤ҲΪǿ֮һ
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ҵֱҸղǼ˵鷳Ļνˡ
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ʵϣǼ֮ĳͻһëǮĹϵûв
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뿭ЦһиûС
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ɫһ븱峤ҿ⣬һǺơ֮£һЩΣ˵׻Ƿҵζӵ棬ĺǵĵ̰
㡭øݵСѾͷҲҸô˵ôĵӣ
뿭һ䣬һֻѾһץ
ȿȿȣ
δӦĲѾǱ뿭סˡ
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Ͼǵĸǰǿɵڵĳ֣
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ã˹ϣϵҲҵ棡
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˿ͷ
ѡʵҲó뿭粻ҪԼһЩɫ
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ߣҲøСƽϣȥ´εĻǿɾͲҪҷˡ
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ԭ뿭Ҫˣˣ磬˳һҵġ
û뵽ҵ˾Ȼ˵Ĳӣ
ʵôѡȫΪ͸Ǹӡ
Ļкηأ
ա
һХ뿭ſ׼ζڲѰ˵ʱ
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2629ħõ
 

ĺǣ
һ۵ĵط
ҲɽĽг֮һȻ
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컹ְҵ˱ˣħ˾ȻҲˣ
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ħһ͵ôأ
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ǵ˷Ҫֵĵزһ˭ָ׵Υĺǳ־أ
˭ĺǵıʥɽأ

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Ⱥħ֮ˣΪ֮˿ȥΪ֮⣬ǰһѵأ
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Ϊ֮˵ĺ棬һɫȫɵ۾ǿߡ
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ߣҵ˭أԭǷħݵ
뿭üĿԶˣüͷҲ
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ǿħ֮ΪǿĴ֮һħ۳
ֻǵζӸħһǾˮˮħôأ
һ뵽֮ǰħŮӣһֲõԤУ
ħ䣬ɫɨһȦ˵չֻΪӭӹ£޹أ
£
ĸü˶ڵħĹôܻܵĺأ
Ҫ֪ĺΣ쳣ħ幫ôܻᵽأ
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οһƱǰ֮Уһɫɵ۾ǿߡ
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ûʲô飬ԼĵϳʲôĻǵʱԼҲѴ̰
壬ŷ˵ζӵĶرĺóԣԾ͵͵ˡֻû뵽һĵļһ
ͮۿ㣬ʱӶɳˡ
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ħĹԼǵжࡰˡܹ
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ƷĿ̣һ˲佫˶㣡
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ǵ˭Ʒ翴ͮʵ

ͮ巼˲佫ָ㣡
һʱ䣬ζӸоһɱζ




2630ħVSң
 

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һɱ֮ԭ²ؼҸ峤뿭Ҳһ
ͮλħĹͬʱָԼӵʱҲʶվԼӸǰ
ߣҪΪħĹܹΪ
뿭ԼӵĸǰԸоЩ㡣
һԵʿˮүү𡭡Ϲ˵ҡֻǡ
ˣ㣬㲻Ҫ˵ˣүү˭ڴ۸ҵοĺǺô徳ڣֲħҰ
뿭Ȼ󣬿ǵʵЩ㣡
ֵ̧ʱʵѾ˵ˣ
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Ʒ翴뿭磬Ҳһ˿Ц
ߣ֤أ
뿭Цһ
֤ݣѲħ幫µĻ֤𣿡Ʒŭһ
ô˵Ļ˵ħĹأ÷ħ˼Լ˵Ļ֤ܵݵĻ绹Ҫʲô֤ݣ
뿭˵ųħ֮ˣ˸ʱҲ̨ġ
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ΪĹ뿭ֱӶΪħ֮ˡ
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СֱָԼӵĻǵʱ˵ûħΧ
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ͽͽû뵽㾹ȻΪħ߹
뿭ŭһҲЩˣ
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ߣһ֮λ޴ǣձħôҵӡ
뿭һ̤˫սһ
ҪһĺҵжţƷͫ˸â¶
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Ҫͽ뿭罣ָ׵ķ




2631¶𱨵ħ
 

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뿭˵仰ʱ򣬼ǧλΧ֮˶ͬ˵
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οÿһĺǶԼĸݵأζǾ֮أ
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ԣĿǰ˵õһѡ
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2632ôܣ
 

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ͮ巷ŭȻϣһȴ޼£
ֻܹ뿭Ľ׵ķնȥһ̣˼ͬʱԼ˫ۣ
ǲ̿һĻ

뿭֮д޵âĽһĻߣ׵ķնȥ
־ڱصã
뿭˵ǰСӲһѣ
ȻҲԼʵǿԼӺҳ
СĺǾȻҶִ֮ˣʵЩ֪ν
ɵڣ
뿭һֳǿʵ
ȻĺĹ涨׼֣ڸ߼ǿ˵û̫ƣ
һ˵Ҫĺǿɵۼǿ߶ҲΪ׵ģ
˽û뵽ĺǾȻһӳ˶ɵǿߣ
ȥɣ
뿭ûκεԥһֱɱУ
ָݲ
ǵζӵλɵۼǿ߻ζӵĴ¥Ҫ뿭Ʒˣ
һȻɢһ˿мЦݣ
ϻ浱Լǲèɣ
ˣ
һǿռ𵴣˻ûзӦĹôµʱ򣡣
һŰȭӰѾǸ֮У
գ
ǵȭӰ·оһֲϢ
뿭ԭһгȥڸͣ
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һ룡
ȭӰѾǺХԼķֱ
޿ˣ
뿭糹׵ˣһʵת̫죬һӦӲϾĸо
¡
˼գԼ۾´ΪʵһĻ
֮
һ˿ֱ찡Ҫ֪ǳ֮˿ĺΪǿļ֮һҵĸ峤
ɵڵǿߣȻֱӸˣ
Ŀɿڴ
һ̶Ŀɿڴ˿֮ҲǾ㵵ĿǰһУ
ⲻӦðվ鷢չӦԼҸ峤ֱӺɱСӣȻ˵Ĥݣ
ھȻǸȥԭӦñŰɱļһȻ븱峤ˣ
֮ˣƷҲӿˣ
Ǹȥʵǿˣԭħһìܵһп֮ˣ
ڴ˱ŷʵֱƷҲǳ׵Ȧˣ
ʲô
ƷһȦĿһԵļħǿߡ
һ˿ƷүҡҵҲδλ֮ˣȷһλǿߣ
ǿߣ⡭ôأ
Ʒ糹׵ˣЩҰο
֮ìܣҲû̫Ĺϵ
ìԽ࣬ħ˵Խã
ȻҲΪΣǲò˵λǿߵȷǿϾ뿭ɵڵǿߣѹһս
λħ֮ҲʿˮⷴתľһʵԳܣ
һȭ
ױЩ˱ˣ
һԵͮ巿ռϷ磬Ǵ˿ҲǼ
ΪʵǸǴ˾޴ľϲ
లµӣ϶͸һӼĹâ
Ʒ翴ŲԶͮ巵λ£ҵûйϵǻ߰ɣ
壬Ҫߣǲߵġֹǵľˣǻûил˼أͮƷ
ǵ¡Ʒ绹Ҫ˵ͮѾֹҪˡ
Զ
һȻȭͷûκεͣЪ
Ըɵڵǿߣ˵ûκεѹ
һȭȭ
ȭͷֱӽ뿭һϢ
ɷĳһӣ
׼ʹɱ֮ʣԶȺ֮߳һײ̫࣬ȴһ»ӣ




2633ħ壬֮
 


Ǻһ
ղһĻʵ̫ˣҵĸ峤Ȼ
ĺǵʷϣûгֹأ
һζǶˣ
ǰˣһӺˣ
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²֪˭һܿ˵Ŀⶼλ峤ϣ
ͣԼȭͷ
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ҵôߵĻô׿ɲһ̣
վתºˣ
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ݸһЦȵһѧģ
šݣ
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ֻײһף˵ΪҪӣ
λֵܣеԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬĳϣλֵܽΣ΢΢һЦ
ѣҵһϲѵˣֻ֮Ҫɱңɹֲ鰡
׵˵һҲż
΢΢ͷ֮£ĳ̨һ
ô˵ռҵˣ׷ʵ
΢΢ҡͷǣռֻϣĺܹһЩοһкܶᡣ̨ĳһĳԸΪ̨һɸΪ񲯡
ҪװϺˣ
һλͬ»ӳ˵ĸǰЩʢˣ
֣Υˣ
ˣƺҲȣ΢΢ֵ
ʲôʱĺǳôԵˣҺ굹Ҫʶʶˣ
꣡
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ꡢ
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µĲĻӦҲʥɽ֮ˣ
֮ǰ˵ĺǸʥɽйأû뵽Ȼˡ
ôǰλռĺǵĵһ壬ǵλ»Ҫں֮ϡ
˵ռӦҲʥɽ֮ˣ
˵٣λ̨ҵѣɷһӣ
ն٣Ϻ˴ʲôʱ򰡣ȻնٿˣǽҺ͸ӡ˵Ļ³¾ûôˡ
ƺЩɵȻЩЭˣ
ȿȿȣ٣
뿭翴źĵҲԼһϢŬҪ˵Ż
꿴뿭ôҺĻ븱峤ĸǰˣ
ûûУ
뿭ɫһƬĲҵֻڶ֪ΪʲôԼᱻ˴
ɵڵǿߣڴϱ˱
ʵһֱĸо޹뿭ɫѿһľˡ
̨߰ɣڣǲҶ㣡Цŵ
Ǹãʡ鷳
ײδ˵ԼˣֻǾöԸЩЩ鷳ѣ
ʵ˵Ψһջ񣬿¾ħıˣ
ֹӡ
׺׼ȥʱͮѾܵ׵ߡ
ͬеĻƷ磡
Ʒ翴ڵ׾һΣշӣ
£
׻ͷһͮ巣Ȼ̬Ȳġ
ֵĮı飬֮ǰѾγ֮ˣ
ߣ¸˵㻹βɣƷ
Σħ֮ˣ壬ұ֮׿ƷĿ壬ʵûʲôȤ
ԲѣƷ粻м˵ƾ㣿±Ӱɣ
Եš
׶ڸƷ磬о壡
ϾϾҪľǷڶԸ³ϣ
壬ҵľˣͮƵ˵
̤ƽħ壬ǽҲల£׵˵
ⴵţëûиİã㣡Ʒŭһ
ͮƺҪ˵ЩʲôһӾȻ֪Ӧôȥ˵ˣ
˵鱾ħԲ˼ң
ڻ˼˵ݻˣ
ֻǼ˶Ϊ˵Ǻݻȴû뵽˵Ĳʲôݻ
Ʒͮ뿪ߣǴ֮Ҳʧ˵ζӣ
ףǸȥռң
ʵײһҪȥռңֻʥɽҲŲСȤ
ο³ıҲʥɽļڳ
׵ȥıӰҲһĸӣȸеңֶ˳˺桭




2634ռ
 

ĺռң
ռΪĺǵһ壬ǵʵӹɣ
ʵռĺҲǱϵĳ壬ֻռҸһļȣǵһĸо
δ˵ռҸ˭ʲôǸ˭ʲôìܣ
ռһֱԺϵݳĺ֮У
һҲ⣡
һԺеݳ˵ζӣҾȻȥռ!
ɼˣҵҲֻʱԵķ
ΪռȻӹ֮ȴû̫˸ҵռҡ
׵ҲǸоЩ֣˵ռҵ˲ӦðԼΪʲôƫƫʱѡԼأ
ռǰ
ռҵʱռҲδôȻ
оһЩ䣬ȷ䣡
ΪռҵĸۡȥЩǣռҲرĴ
һеȼ¶СҪСܶɡ
֣ռң
ЩƵĿȻѾռңҲǿĺܡ
Ŀǰ˵ûиռҽǣ
ռ֧۳ģ׿ɾͲˣ
һлʣ⻹ĵطÿ
ּЦˣռҸۡȻһЩ⸮ۡȴǵһĺǽĸۡҲЩˡ
򵥵ĽһЩȻռҵĸۡ󣬿ȴǵһĺǽ֮ۡˣ
ͳһ㣬ʵԿռҵĵλˡ
΢΢һЦռҵȷǵ͵ĺܰռҲĺ֮ˣ
ŶҲ֪ռҵʵ
ֻ֪˵ѣ΢΢ҡͷ
ռҵȷĺ֮ˣֵʵҲʥɽİɣ
δҴţʵҲʲôˡ
׵ͷ֪һЩղǺӦҲʥɽİɣ
ֶʥɽҲһЩ˽ġݸһЦ
֪Ĳ࣬ռһǵһ˵ʼ
΢΢һЦʵ֮ǰֻһΧۣδǰҪ֡
ŶΪֺأ
ҲЩ˼⣬Ͼռ˵ǶһɵۼĸҲûж˼ɣ
οҷĿǵھǵұĺң
ռҲΪһ֪ԸⲻԸ˳ˣðյ˰ɣ
΢΢üӣһֲֵòˣһƾϲáϲľԸ񡣡
ô˵һøлˣװ뿪Ц˵
ֹĻôĺעҪѪɺˡ
΢΢ҡͷȻֵ֪ݣɴֵ֮УұԿֲǵ֮˵ղǰָûзС
ּȻ֪ΪλҪִأʵ
˵ռһϲɱ¾ȻҿʵǰᣬĺעȷѪֹܹ꣬Ҳǹһ𣿡
ռһƣԴ˵
ײţȻɽ磬Ǳûģ
Ļǻɸʲô
Ϊ׷ѰǴ֮е
ռұˣʵԲܵġ
׵ĻҲüͷһ˽֪ռʥɽҲһ壡
ûӦʵΪ֧ţ̸ռҪʵϾΪ˻ȡԴ󻯶ѣ
׵ĿһֻüͷһεĽƺ˵Ҫһ㣡
ֺγԣ
ЦŵνҪ£ģһ˲ҵΪκһǿռҵһĻҪ˵ȥ𣿡
ĪС֮ĶȾ֮
֮һĨɫָܿԼƽݣһεĻصӣ
׿δش⣬ʵּȻҹˣ
˵ûԭֻҪֽѡָղŵһȴүүҲһЩȤ
ƺܵĳָһ㣬һεЦŵ
ǺǣҲҪռ峤
ӳ
ʥɽĳǿҪֳһȻģ
˿Ҳòǰһˡ
ԭ֮ǰ׸ȤǲΪᣬȴʵ˵ĳڡ
֪˵˭
ȴ˸ӵĸȤˣռҵͼû뵽ĸǰ
ֹȻ죬ĳԽԽϲֽˣ롭
һЦ˲Լͬĳռҵĸ֮ۡﳤȥ




2635±ʶƵ
 

ռҸۡڣ
ͥԺ£ɽˮ߷񣬵һ˵ľ
ﲢֺŸۡĸоһеɽׯ
׸һͥԺ֮УͥԺȥͥԺ
ֻȴܵһɼΪǿϢƣ
֮֮ǰ³˿
Ȼʥɽǿߣȷǿ󰡣
״˿ҲòʥɽˣÿһҶӦһϹＶɣ
ţʧԶӭ
֨
ͥԺڵȻ򿪣ӭŵһλüĿߡ
׸ǿĻ˭Ҳ֪ǰλ߾Ȼʥɽĳǿߣ
峤ĳ߶ˣ
׵ĿһǰߣδֳκεЩƽȶԻζ
Ȼһ㶣Ͼݣһ˿¶ǲΡΡˡ
ǰˣȴƸû̫һ㣡
˿̿ףҲǳԾĺܣ
үүĿֲѹһ˿ܲˣǰһﾹȻܹԿǴݲȣ
룬һʵҲɲⰡ
ⶫ½ʱһλ˵ˣ
и̲ѣΪѾеˣڿˣоԼһЩ
Ҫ֪ʥɽѧԺĳţ
ǽһĻЩԼǲǸˡ

үүʥɽĳǿߣǍ`
һҲǺȻЦҲǶһơ
ɱСƣĿǰΪֹûмԼүүһ˵̬أ
峤ˣ֪ռĳǰкιɣ
׿żɽʵʵЩ棡
֪ɵ۴ӺζǍ`ףҲЦʵ
ƺ峤û̫Ĺϵɣ׵˵
²ĲĻɵӦԶɣ
Ǎ`˿֮һĨʣ׹һЦʵ
Ȼ峤֪ˣֺαضһأ׿Ǎ`
ȻӢ۳갡û뵽ǵüɵ۵˰
Ǎ`ӡ֤ԼеĲ²⣬Ҳվ
һ̣
Ǎ`ǰѾʸԼƽƽˡ
ಣ
һֻյѾǍ`УһֻȴѾǶһ񱭣Ө͸
裡
ʥɽռ峤ȻΪһ裬ô붼û뵽ԼүүԴ˵Ŀ
ԼҲûùԼүүִ
˼ʵǷ˼
һﵽ˭Լүү˼ƺʶһ
ԼһĸûУԶ۳۳ǿߣ
үүǵ˵ʲôҡô
ʵЩĺèĸоǱﲻסʵ
СӣֹӣǍ`ƺղû˵׵ݣ
ȷ
׵ΪУǍ`׾Ǵһ㣡
⡭Ҹֹ¡
ʵЩҪʵĻҲѾɵڵǿˣ
ȻȲԼүүǰǿᣬʮΪеˡ
Ȼ׵ʵΪûбԹ˭֪˭Ӯ˭أ
뿭类
Լʵɵ뿭Ҳʲô£
ϾѧԺţ
ԼүүȻԼȥݼһԼˣʮֵĲˬ
ǲǻ˵ֹһ㲻Ǎ`ʵ
үүҡҿûô˵ǡ
лôģȻˣԼ˵ĳɾͶǹ鹦Լռң
ļ壬¾Ͳôˣ
ǳֶûа취ıģԼӮߵˣ
ֹӣȻЩ֪ηĸоôʵҲֹӵǰ׳ʵЩ
Ǎ`ףҲεЦЦ
峤ţʵѾĽˣЦŵ
ǸֹȣĻ治һǰ㣡Ǎ`̾һ
үүҡôͲܸ˰
оһıԼǷǳĿԵġ
ѧԺҲѧԺʮ֮һҪ֪ǵǼΪģ
ڣ˵ͱ̤ɵڣЦȺ۵һɼˣ
û뵽ԼԼүүоȻȲһʶһ㹦ˡ
ܲأ
ƣǍ`׿Цһʵö۾Ц˰ƽ汻ҹ߻ˡ
ʲʲô۾ף
һ۾ĸֵʱҲһ顭




2636𺳵ռү
 

۾
ĸҲЩȦĸо
ǰ˾Ȼ߳ƵĶ۾ôأ
Ƕ۾֣Զ۳
ƺеϰ
⣬Ҳʵ벻˭ܹ˵ţ棡
ĺǸҶ֣ȴܹƵˣҲֻܹǶ۾ˣ
ֲԼүү˵ҪԼݼǰλԼ֮ˡ
ԭ˼ôţﰡ
˵ɽ֮Уʲôֵݵģ·λ۾Īˣ
ǰλ۾÷ݣ漣˵дһˣ
ôƽʱ˵Ӻܴ𣿾Ȼ۾
Ǎ`ԼӣƺҲǺЧ
ԼƽһֱԾӣʲôš
һЩű֮Ҫ΢ǿôһ˿˿ǲԸϡ
ڣλ۾ǴͻǴ棬ǶԼ
ҲǸԼһĴɣҲǺõġ
峤ˣĳ峤ȣҲǰѣǫ˵
Ǎ`һЦ۾ֺ˵ĸӣҲӦܽѵˣ֪ʲô죡
Ƕ۾ĴˣЦһ涫۾Χ
Ҳɫһ죬Լүү˵Ļ
ʵҪʶһλǵ۾ˣֻϧһֱԵü
һǿȻҲЩĸо
ף
ɽҲڶΪ֮㵹Ķ
ǺܶŮǶλǿޱȵĶ۾ŵǶĳ֮飡
峤ˣ
׿˼˵飬ҲòԵĻһ
Ǎ`׵ӵʥɽռܹ뵽۾ո԰
峤ˣȻ֪ˣҲĻرˣǾͿżɽɡ׵˵
д⣡۾һ۱㿴ռĿģ֮ǰЩĿ࿴֪˶۾ݣҲͲˣ
Ǎ`΢΢һЦƺܻף
׵ͷ峤ȻռʥɽӦò֧۳ˣ
۾Ȼʼ¡ղ̬ʵѾ˵һУռҳٳٲվӵһԭʵΪ޶ӿվ³Ȼʵಢ
Ǎ`ǿżɽҲǱȽϵ⣡
Ⱦ磬ʵ˵Ѿû̫ıҪˣ
ۣ֣
ǵĴԭ
οռһֱǍ`ڼǸô˵أ
ڲ˶ѣ
ֻǍ`ô˵Щˡ
׵ʵ峤Ȼ³죬ٻѡ
ֵ³죬ֵ֪۶³˽أ
Ǎ`ȻһЦ΢ۿʵ
ȻѾ̤һǱûлͷ·ˣ
ײδֱӻش𣬶Цŵ
ֵ۹Ȼǣν֪֪˲ܰսʤ³Ȼܹݺɽô꣬Ҫһͳ½ֵ۲𣿡
Ǎ`ʵ
׵ͷɨ۳Ψһϰ³죬һȻ֪
ֵ³δ֣֪³ʵʵǍ`΢΢ҡͷ
ʥ׵Ȼ³֣ȻɨһǍ`峤ʵ޼Ȼ峤һҪնɱ³Ҳ޿ܣ
ֵ۾Ȼ֪
Ǎ`𾪵Ŀף֪³ʵӵ׶ԼʵȻҲô˽⣡
Ȼ֪ǰЩոո³սһ
ҲûвҴţڹչɽҲ֪ˡ
Σ
Ǎ`еĿʵ
Цŵ³켼һֻҲκβޣ
ֵ֡۾ȻѾ˵ĳ̶ˣ໹ǵֵ֮ǰʵɵڼɣ
Ǎ`𾪵Ŀףû뵽Źȥꣿ
ѾǿԸ³콻սˣ
ʲôٶȰ
Ҫ֪³ʥǿߣǍ`³дԼҲһ˿ѣ
ô˵Ļǰ׼ҪԼ֣˼ҲǿԴȥˣ
ⶫ۾ʵ̫ˣ
Ǎ`֮Ҳǵ˲ˣ׵ѾǱˣ
Ǻǣ޵ȷɵڣΣ
׵һΪİʮ㣡
ɵڣʥ˸ɣΪŵĵط
һʱ䣬Ǎ`ѾЩƿˣ
ǡǸүү˵ѡߵĻһѡ񶫷۾𣿡
Ȼ
һഫ˹նʱЩˣ




2637ʥɽĺ
 

˻һ
ԵЩ΢
Ҳʵ϶ʥɽں
³콻֮Щ
³ʥɽһǿߵĻȻڶʱڿԱâ
أ
Ҫ֪۳ܶˣʱ³ԼͷĻԼ֪ɽлҲƫɽеģ
ѣ
ײȱֵĶɽ綥ڣ
һõѣԼڶʱڽһЩҪ鷳ΪԼӮȡЩʱҲ˵أ
ԣĻȷ׵Ȥ
粻ɣ
Ȼʥɽռҵ峤ĺǣļ棬Ե֣
һֱͦԵôһ˵ģԴõĴ֮һеĴڣ
Ǎ`һεľԼԵأ
۾Цˡ
Ǎ`ԼģҲЩˡ
ǰ˵ǵǽƳ׵˲
ռһֱǾΪǲ³죡
ǡǡܶ෴ǣ˶ôףǍ`ȴΪĿ֪ʲôطðĶ۾
˵Ҷ۳ҲҪʥɽһЩͨͨͼҵ
׵ĿǍ`˲ܹṩʲôöǍ`
УΪǍ`Ķ
ԣֻҪʥɽʵĺ׵ҲһЩô
һеǰᶼ˱ʵĺ
ĸƤ
˭֪˭Ǻǻأ
Ȼˣ׶Ǎ`һүĸйٻǲġ
˲˵ռʥɽλҲԣһֱԺܶҪ£ռңʵЩۣ³ǽЩ֮һˣ
Ǎ`΢΢һ̾ʵкߣ˭Ըأ
ʵϣռҵȷҷԴȡһЩôⲢռҪġ
ռҪģǿɱЩҪˣ
ͷµĲҰĵˣûҰĵˣ
¶һ˿Цݵڿ³ȷ
ȴӿö۾Ǎ`΢΢һЦ
ŶΪΣ
ЩĿǍ`ʵ
Ǎ`ЦŵǱΨǱֿԽͰɡ۾̶̼ǧʱһ۾ɳΪ۳ĵ۾ʵɽ漣ƾһ㣬ѾԽˣ
峤к
ϲˮȻռҪԼǿ϶ͼ
ײ֪ͼΪΣҲʵ
û
Ǎ`һЦ˻һףһԵҲΪľ㵣
ȻǺȻҪͼһЩʲô
Ҫôǵ̣ҪôԴҪô
ôɶҲͼ⵹Щ֮ˡ
׹һЦ峤ĪڿЦɣѲ峤ף峤Ը⣬޿ҲҽӰ
۾дҲģȷûʲôǷҪ˵иĻҲֻһ
Ǎ`˵ѧˣҲǲһ˿Ȥ
ɻŶһ峤޼ǺĲ֮ˣҲòһˡ
Ȼ۾ѿ˵ˡǍ`ͣһ£Ȼʵ붫۾ǣϣռϣõ۾ıӻ
峤ǻῪЦռĿǰʵҲҪ˱ӻɣ׷ʵ
ɽơ˲Ϣ䣬ҲԶӻռң
Ǎ`δֵ̫Ҫ෴Ҫǳʵڡ
Ǳɽһգ㱣ռһյİȫ
˵һ仰飬ȻͬʱҲ˵Ǎ`ǿţ
Ҷ۳һգռұһգԴò׹һЦ
۾Ȼˬ죬Ժ󶫷۳ѣռҲԹۣǍ`ԼƣͬʱҲԼƣ
Ϊˣ
žһһЦͬ˱ˣ
ԺռѣҲԹۣͬЦŵ
ע붫۾ԵְǍ`ԵҲЩ
ʵϣżȻףռ׵ĽҲӺԺ󲻿ܳĽˣ
Ͼɽ˲Ϣ䣬ʱѾӵ˲³ʵҪ˽
Զѩ̿
ȻǍ`ΪҲ㲻ѩ̿ɾҲ㲻ǽ
ȻˣΪҲ͸峤һݴ񣡣¶һ˿صЦݵ
񣿡
Ǎ`ЩĿף˵ʵռΪʥɽĳ壬ȱʲôƷǵҩʲô
׼Ȼ˵˴Ǎ`ȻЩоЦһȵӣ
ֻǵ˵˼֮Ǎ`ɫѾǱˣ




2638´񣺷Ƭ
 

ʥɽռң
ǿļȴѡ˶۳ܶ˿¶۾
ʵϣ۳ӵŶʥɽļ
۳ʵѾǿ쳣
ֶʥɽܶļ֧֣һͳɽ¶ʲô¡
ռȴƫƫ֮֮ǰȻֹȡ֮ȴǸ۳
Ҫ֪۳ǳ˵۾֮⣬㼸Ǻٵġ
ȻЩ궫۳չɸ۳֮Ĳ໹ǲСġ
ռôȫǿ׵ĸ˷չǱ
ɽ֮һǳʵû³Լ۳ʱ򣬿˻׺
ȻˣҲһЩĺߣ
Ʃ˵ںڵȵȣΪǲ뱻۳ūֱۣӸ׺ʵһЩ
ǿռң˵ʲôȱ
ʵǍ`֮ǰҪʲôԴĻ԰׵ġ
û뵽ھȻԼ˵Ҫһݴ
ʲô
ڻʲôܹǍ`Ȥ
Ҫ֪Ǎ`ȷ磬ûκεĶǍ`Ȥ
ҲΪǍ`Ҫ磬Ժռϣһ
׺һĿģ
һӣǍ`ȻôΣǺôҲǵһκ
Ǎ`ϻһӿ׵۾Ĵռ֮Ұ
֪峤ʲôҲȱ׵˵
ô˵Ĵ󻰡Ǎ`һЦ
׵ⷬʵϾ˵Ǎ`νĴĲм
Ǎ`ȻмǱϾǺĹϵԵҲġ
һԵЩ˵۾ռʥɽҲǲȱԴ
֣˵ķ𣿡
Ǎ`СһҲǫ鰡㲻ȱҲֳܱǲǣ
׹һЦ峤ˣҪǿ϶峤ġҲ˵Ǵˡ
༱ģ
Ǎ`ԴҲ벻Լڼʲô
ԼļĶҲ˰
Ǎ`ףҲһͷˮ
Цŵ޾Ͳˣ֪峤Ƿ
۾˵ʲô磿
Ǎ`ЩȷĿףʱͻȻἰʲô˼
ɽ磬˭֮
ĿģǲΪ
Ҳֻ֮˲ܹһ㣬Ǎ`Ȼˡ
״ʣ˵ǰʵģ
׵ͷܹ峤ȤĶȻǸ峤ĵطйˣ
۾˼ǡйϢ
Ǎ`׵ļˣһɽ֮˵κϢǶϵĹ屦
ͺñһˣɽϢһ㣡
ЦŵϢҲۣ޵ǶʱͿռ䷨һЩ򣬵ǿԸ峤һ¡
۾֪˵ʲô
Ǎ`𾪵ĿףʱͿռ䷨ʲô
ǾǴͨԿװ
׾Ȼ˵ԼʱͿռķⲻǳ
ǰλ۾ɵڵʵɵۺ۷廹źܳһξ룡
ʱͿռ䷨ʸûа
ʥɽͨΪȨĵطҲΪʲôʥɽܹɽһĵĵط
һССɵǿߣȻҪʥǿ߷ʱͿռķ
Ǎ`ǲţǸʵ
Ȼ֪Լ˵ʲôʵϣҲǵһֹ̽ʱͿռ䷨򣡡׵˵
ɡǶ۾ɵڵʵôлʱͿռ䷨أ
Ǎ`ǲţһʵЩ
׿Ǎ`峤ϻǾͲ˵ˡ֪峤ողһ˿ʱ䷨򣬶ڿռ䷨򼸺ûдҪ磬ȱһɡ
ʵ̫ˣûκε˼
Ǎ`˿ҲˣΪ˼Ѿʵ
Ǎ`ײܶԼʵй˽⣬˼Ǹոտġ
˵˼ҵȷзǳֶΣ
Ǎ`Ҳͨˣ˼ûзǳֶΣô˶̵ʱڳΪĶǿأ
ǵȷǺѣǵõһ˿ռ䷨ƬҪ׶ˣ
׿Ǎ`ô׵Ļɽǿˣ
ֱڣɽҪ磬Ҳڷ֮һĸʶѣ
ʮû˵֮˳֣
۾ȷ֪֮£Ȼ֪ƬĴڣֻϧ֪ҲܻЩƬ
Ǎ`ɥĿףоЩ
׺ٺһЦҪ͸峤Ĵ񡭡




2639ף漣
 

Ƭ
ʥɽмأùƬ˲࣡
Ȼˣһãδ˾ûлù
ֻʥɽƬֻڴ֮У
֪˲٣ʶ˼ûС
ἰƬʱǍ`Ƕˡ
һ̣֪ײδţ˼˵ģ˼֪һЩ飡
Ǎ`Ҳûɵȥѯ׵Ǵʲôط֪ģ
Ͼɽ磬ÿһ˶Լܣ
Ǎ`Լܣ˼Ҷ۾ܹʱڷչǿѲɻû
ⶫ۾ϲܣܷǳĶ࣡
Ǎ`ЩңԼѡǶԵģ
Ŀڿռ䷨ԼĻǶǍ`˵ֽһ
һǿһ
۾˵зƬ
Ǎ`˴һ±Ƶ״̬Ϊȴ֮еĶУ˻ó
ǿ϶ģᣡ
Ǎ`ʥɽ˵õЩǾԲܸԼģ
ɽ֮ˣ˽
׿Ǎ`˵һֱԼ۹⣬޾峤ռʵ޺ҲóƬ峤
ƬǿǴ֮еĶ
˿ҲǾˣû뵽ԼһˣȻռҶ˷츲صı仯
ֱӵˣȻԼүү

һ̣û뵽ԼȻͱռĹˣ
Ǎ`Ȼû˵ԼһľٶҲǱο
룬ռδܳһʱڻһǿĿɽˣ
۾зƬĻ䷢չǱԲ³졣
³ǰλ۾ȣҲһЩ
Ǎ`֪ػߵݵĻ㵵°Ͷɣ
ȻˣЩ׶ȻܸǍ`˵ģ
ڸǍ`һЩͷʵҲΪ˹ˣϾȥҲҪаֵĲǣ
Ǎ`ǵõԼİԺҲһѣ
һ֣ν
˻ɽ磬ȻѾʼ֮£ǰ޹˵ġ
׿Ǎ`Ƭȷϡȴҵ֮
۾˼ϻзƬ⡭ôܣ
֮
ôܹ洢أ
Ǎ`ţҲ׵ϾȻУ
ԭΪӦǷĳһǿµıأһЩķƬ
⻰˼ϾȻУ
ⲻòǍ`оһĺˣ
ףǱ漣һнпܣ
׹һЦ峤һ°ɡ
ˣ
֮
һ̽ռסˣһƬռ֮УǧĿռ䷨Ƭɢ
ȻƬǺܶ࣬׿Ǎ`ռ䷨Ӧûˣ
ʦڸˣ
ԺлǵÿǍ`ԼֻǍ`򵽿ռ֮ѣ
𾪡˷ܣ
Ǎ`ϵı鸴쳣ʱǳһƬֵĿռ亣
֮ǰԭЩ׽Ŀռ֮һĸܣ
°빦
ӵŷƬǍ`˵һ൱Ľݾ
ھһ˱Ӥһ㣡
ҲϥȻɵڣȿռ䷨Ƭ˵Ҳһջ
Ǎ`˶ǳУҲ¶һ˿Цݣ
ʱһһĹȥ
ʱ䣬գ֮һ㣡
ԭƮɢ֮ЩƬǱǍ`ˣȻȴҲһС֣
Ժռ֮ž޴İ
˵һֻѾ̤ͨĴˡ
˵仯Ǎ`ı仯ģ⼸ϵŷƬſռ֮̽
ĳһ̣ɹ˿ռ䷨֮
ȻûȫĲ򣬿ţֻҪԼ㹻ʱ䣬ǿԳɹģ
֮ǰȣڲʱ⣡
л۾飬պռԵ۾հ

һռѾǺߵ̬ˣһӵ̬
Ǎ`˿̲֪۾ԶԼҪǿ̫̫ˡ
Ҳһ̣Ǎ`¶ģռһҪ۾ĴȰ
˿˿ռ䷨֮ôĽŲͽһ֣
ռҺȥδӣ
ڵǍ`Ѿȷķˣ
׹һЦ峤츳ȷ̾ΪֹԭΪ峤Ҫʱ䣬û뵽峤վȻ͸һ˿ռ֮
Ǎ`Ʋסϲ֮飡
޲Ҫǰ壬ҲͲռҶˣ׵˵
۾úһĺǣǍ`Լ˵ܿ㳯׵ոһЩĵãҪһ
޷żɡ
ݸһЦһ֮׺Ҳ߳ռҵĸۡ




2640ͻŮ
 

ĺǴ֮ϣ
ַǷ
½óгȻģ
ڴϣԿʽɵߣ
طǲܿġ
˵ħ壬ĳг֣ǶȻǱߡ
ĺǾͲһǵݸûκεҲǿɵó׺
˵еİɽǿġ
۾׹
֣ôҲ뱩¶Ҫ鷳׵˵
΢΢һЦȻ˵Ļĳˣ
Ǻǣ֮ǰһɣ׵Ҳν
Ҳ飬ԥһ֣֪Ҫȥʲôطһ
ҶĺǵҲһ֪΢΢ҡͷ
ʵĺǻûʲôͷһЩĽ׻ȥһҲȥԱ
ף˼ѯǷԸ⣡
Цһǣ£ȥʶһҲ޷
պһ׻ᣬʱиԸĻȥĽ׻Σ
һεѯʵ˵֮ǰ׻Ǹ߸ϵĻôЩСˣ
չʾԼǿҲѣ
ãǾȥĽ׻ɣ׵ͷ
硭
׺׼׻ķʱһ˵ĶУ
׼ͬʱͷֻһĨӯӳ˵У
Ůӣ
׶ŮֻʤˣŮķǴӻ߳һ㣡
Ȼ׼ŮŮȷǰһ
ʲô
Ů׶ԼĶһ䣡
ޱ֣λҵѣ
һˣҲǳŮײˣ
磬ҿǴԶӼܳİôô˼Ұ
˵ŮҶޱҲʥɽ֮һҶ֮Ů
ҶޱС浽˿ν÷֡
Ҫ˵ˣôԣҶ峤֪𣿡
ɫһ·ڽԼСһ㣡
Ҷޱû˵үү˰ɣһο͵͵ġҲںңֺαںأ
㰡㣬ֹûУҪҶ峤ҿɵ𰡣
ȻƺŮһ취ûУ
ҲܣҺײģĺһȦ֮Ҿ뿪½ˣ
Ҷޱ·ûκε
뿪½ҪʲôٹһҪ˰
𾪵ĿҶޱ֪СѾͷԣû뵽СѾͷ˵ԡ
һЦŵͦиԵģ
ԣǺ̵ְ
Ҷޱ˿ףЩƵʵ磬һ϶ʶôûмҲʥɽ˰ɣ˵ʵһ㰡
ۣ
һûϲСҲܺ˵
ҪǶ۾ʵһĻǻʲô˸˵Լʵǿأ
Ҫ˵׹һЦ֮䵭ˮʵǿ˾Ҫʵǿ˳ΪѰɣѹڽģ
֮ˮ仰ǲû㻹ͦвŰ
Ҷޱδ˵仰ϸϸƷζǾ⻰˵ķǳе
׿ҶޱҾͲù佱ˣҵͦ͹ĸԣ
Ŷһ֪ˣǵһӻ˵ɸԵˣ
Ҷޱһʼ׵ҲûʲôøУ仰˵֮˻ͦ˼ģ
ҶޱĵҲ˼ˣ
һ˵Ļͺǳˣ
ǰ֮ǿǶ۾ԼҲÿ˼Ҷ۾ĸܰɣ
οղŶ۾Ҷޱƺôһ˿˿ζ
ӵĲҲ廰ˣһҶޱ۾أǿ˰
һڸԿˣǱȻӵǿҸԵˡҵҲǶԼνЩУǹһ֧߰ɣ
׿ҶޱҲ΢΢һЦ
ȻѰ˵ŵʵһ㣬һƷ
Ҷޱֱ˦һѷɽһûţ
Ҷޱ֪׵ݣԼö˰ɣ
ޱۡǻǱ߱İɣҪһȥ׻ῴҪȻһȥ
ҶޱüȥӣҲ֪Լٲ˵ˣ
׿ȥһЩɿҶޱӻ˼
ҪҶҵ֪ˣԺռһñҶҸ
οҶһǿʥɽųƵһİ׼Ұ
ֻڿ׸ҶޱƺûҪ뿪һ˿һͷ󡭡




2641¿׵Ц
 

ĺǵĽֱߣ
Ҷޱ֮ǰռҵȺ˺ü죬ҽȥΪ֪һȥͻᱻ˷֣
͵ֻǵ˺üҶޱ첻ͷˣ
ǿˣû뵽ȻĵĻ
˿Ҳûа
Ȼ˵˱߱ģǾͱ߱İɣ
׳ҶޱЦŵҶޱҲǵͷ
ҪһҶޱȴּ˸ղŵĻʵƷ㿴ۣ
ܿ۰ݸһЦ
ҶޱٺһЦƷȷõģԼҲһѼƷֻܹƷˣʵƷѾ㹻ˣ
ȫˣЦŵ
ҶޱͷţԺʵﵽεʱ취Ūõġ
ǸưҶޱɻʾ۷ʵ
ѾͷȻԲѵ˵Ҫö۾һΣⲻǺ
۾ȻͯδȻĸСѾͷ
ҲЩ۾Īλ۾ĿҶޱˣ
׿ҶޱЦŵǴʥɽģ
Ӧòʥɽ˰ɣҺûм㰡
ҶޱͷȻʵ
һҲʥɽˣԶ۳ղ˵ӻ飬ĪǶԷ𣿡
ѽ֣ԷǲãǷǳĺãֿ֪ɷʥɽ׼ң
׼ң
׵ɫһЩˣ˵׼ҵʱȻһˣ
Ϫ
ԼŮˣԴɽ֮һֱŬѰţ
ʵռ֮ܲ⣬˵Ů˶ҵˡ
һطɽ磬Ҳ
˼Ƿ˰ϪռܲŮ˵ϣ
˵ûҵ֮ǰǾԲ뿪ɽġ
Ҳ˵׼ңһ׵ɫ֪׿϶˵ġ
׼ǿ³֧ߣ˵Ҳĵˣ
ߣҶޱĻȻԼҾԲܼ޸Ǹ˵ģ
Ҷޱһ׵ʻҲһ
׵ͷҶ֧㣡
棿ͲҪЦˣҶޱһһ˵ţҲЦ
Ҷޱνָ֧֧ʲô
ǲǿͷϺƭŮӿĵĻȥ׼ҵĻСȶӶҪˣ
ȻҶΪĳЦĳȴǸЦˣ
磬ѵЩ˼
ҶޱҲЦȻ׵ı࣬ҶޱǸЦ
׼ʲô壿
Ҷޱʵ̫ˣҲΪҶޱ֪κε֧߶ûã
ڿԼүүȥԣѾ޼ˣ
׼ǿƣǿǳģ
Ҷޱ֪Լˣѣ
Ψһİ취־
ֻҪԼԼҲԼĻԼڿһӲ
ĺǣҲҶޱΨһܹ뵽ĵطΪѸٵ뿪ȥ壡
һҵ
ֻ֪ҲƵĺܣ
ֵȷһϲЦˣޱ׼ҵĻҲֿԲĵģԡ
˵ˣҿ԰㣡
һεǿһҲڵ
ļ壬Ǻ֮ģ׻Ĳ֣
ǰ׼ңȴһ⣡
׼ץԼŮˣҪ׼֮ء
ԭһֱҪȵԼǿȥǸ׼ңҶޱʼ
׼ңǿΣ
Ѳ׻¶һ˲ɣο֪׼۳֧ߣ
Ȼôһ죬ôԸǰԣ
һӣͦ˾úЦİ
ҶޱЩԽЦʵЩƲס
Ҳͦİӻ黹Ц
Ҫ˵Щʲôɿ׵ӣԼԭҪ˵Ļһεȥˣ
۾ȻĲ֣ôռҿҲֻܹŶ۾һˣ
½
Լڲʶ۾ռҺͶ۳ĺҲڿʼ
ռҲ۳ôҲһҲͲҶޱˣ
һз·עһ㣬һѭ
˵ô׵ʵ
ٺ٣򵥰ҵŰ׼˵˵ҵˣǵʱ׼ҵ˻Ҫ𣿷Ҳɱң򵥰ɣҿɸ㣬׼ҹɵۼǿ߾кöŶ
ҶޱЩĿףҪ̼һ׶ѣ
ǰʵǿˣȻҴӦģ
ôֻҪ׵Ц
ֻһ̣ƺЩĿɿڴˡ




2642׵ĳŵ
 

ȷͦ򵥵ģ
һ仰ҶޱĿɿڴ
ʵ벻ͨöɵ۾ȻҶޱһ
֣㡭
ֱû˵ˣ˵ⲻһϲǾˣ
ռңҪĸ׼Լ⣬Ƕǲܵģ
۾֮ǰոո³콻֣ʵѷһ
Ǹ׼ҵǸϹȵĻǿľڽˣ
ο׼ҵıźܶʥɽ֧֣
׹ȥǲͶ
ƵĺܣΪʲôҪѡһʽأ
Ůĸǰһ£
޿ܣ
Զ۾̣޿϶Լ֪飡
ô·ƽεұ緶
׵ĻƲѣ·ƽ
·ƽأ·ƽҪȥµһȥ⣿
ǳԱ˳ŵģ
Ȼ׿϶ˣΪһ۾Ա˳ŵȥһЩû飿
׵ĿӦֱָ˰׼ң
׵ʵھ͸׼ҳ׵ˣȻǷϳġ
ûȻû
εһЦҶޱоһ֣
Ҫ֪׵ʵɲˣ
ļλֵͷСȻ˵ʵԴɽ֮ҲûжܹĴɣ
Ҷޱǳ嶯Ⲣɵ
ȥЩΨΨŵŵҶޱģ
׹һЦ֪ѣҵҲǺġ
ðɣĴӦˣҾǸ㿪ЦѰ
Ҷޱ׾ȻʹĴӦˣҲЩˣ
һԿһޣĳȻӦҶȻһŵǧ𣬾£
׿ҶޱȻѾȻ;ˡ
ҶޱЩ㵵Ŀʱ򷴶ֵ֪Ӧôˣ
׺ôҲĺѣΪԼȥ˵ĻǿЩòʧ˰
֮ǰҶޱǿ׵ʵǿϷһ
ôҲû뵽СӾȻôᣬȻҴӦˣ
֪֪׼ҵʲô尡͸ҴӦ
Ҷޱû˵СѲһ
ҶңҲĸ׼濹⣬ǰСආˡ
ʼ֪һ㣬Ҳ޷һĵҲ
һνӣҶޱ׵ˣ
һ̣Ǹɵӣǿһμ澹ȻԸΪԼȥ
֪ΪʲôҶޱĸҲһ
һԵҶޱޱͺְ㣬ָҲһ顭
ɲҪİԼģҿûʲôϵ
ҶޱٺһЦֻ۽֮һ˿
㣬Ҳεĺܣ
ʵǵЦһĿŵģϾ˵£
֣֪Ҷմ鰡׿ҲЦʵ
˵ҲˣҪڿǿǣ
ףײҪ嶯
׿ֲȰȻҵĳŵһǰʥɽ
ʱҿɲһŶ
ҶޱƤ˵׵Ҳˣ
ٴ˼˵Ļƺ͸һԼȴġ
֣֪һ㲻μӻ񣬵ʱҶǾǸ׼ЦѲҪҶѪɺ𣿡
ң
ҶޱŭһԿóʵҲ൱Ľŵģ
Ϊ׼ʲôѲ㵽ڻ˽׼ңκ鶼ǲֶεģһð׼ʥɽ棬ΪǻôһЦ֮𣿡
ҡҲ֪
ҶޱЩӵĸо֮ǰȷ̫嶯ˣֻǵԼĸܣ
ϸϸԼˣʱ¶ҶҲһ޴Ĵ
̾һȻִӦ㣬㻹лתءˣԺɣǻȥ׻ῴɣ
˿ֻҪ⣬ǶҶһǶռңڽɽľƣǶһ޴תۣ
һ۳ư׼ңǼǸʥɽΪˣ
ʱɽ´ҵʱɽĸֻһҲ᳹׵ĸı䣡
ˣҲǰ飬оƽʹ˵һҪĹˡ
ŮվҲŮˣҶޱоԼǳĲã
ҪͨһԼƵ飡
׺һ֮Ҳ΢΢ҡͷҶޱķ˹ȥ




2643
 

ĺ
ĺΪĵҲĺǽΪæĵط
֮ΪԱ֮ǣ
ҪĶһоУֻҪ˵ó˶Ըõ
ֻЩļ۸ʵǺţ
Ȼˣ֮ǰַƬʲôģǾͲˣ
ĶţҲǰһģνİܳĽ׻棡
ԣĺȻһоУ϶ǳĶ
ЩܹɽĺöҲˣ
Ҷޱ׸ĺ棬˵ĺǻȽϵϤ
֮ǰһԻҶޱ׵һЩȤ
˺ܿıһһĵͦĵĻ죡
ֻһԵϵıжôˣ
֣ﵹǺְ
׿ӣǱҪĶ࣬ҲЦŵ
û˵ҶޱѾǺٺһЦֹӣһɵúúõһѰ
ҶԼǣղҶﲻ˵Ҫҿǻˣ
׵ҲûʲôȱĶʲô۵Ķ
ĻһĶûʲôȤ
ͷҸֽǹ۹ΪģҪĻǾˣ
գٺ٣˧ҹǲ
ҶޱҲǰ٩Ķ׺
û˵㻹ǸϽ˻ȥɣʡҸģ
磬㶼û˼ֹӴأôҲ÷ĸɣôĿ׼ҵĻӲɣ
ҶޱŸԼߵӣҲЩƵ˵
ҡҡͷװɣղֹѾӦȥˣ㻹Ҫôΰ
Ҳܣʱ˼ֹȥʱҲøȥ
Ҷޱ׿ó˻ͦҪõģ
̾һˣʱֹǰȥһ
˵İˣ
ҶޱûʶԣΪڿЦ
֪ѾǼϲòˣ
˭ö۾أռѾ۳
νһپһ
ԣǰ׼µĻôռҲͽĽԼ֮ǰ״̬Ϊ۳ӵˣ
ס
Ҷޱǰʱ׵Ժ֮кȻҴһ
һ㶣漴Щϲĳķ˹ȥ

һ̾ȻˣȻȥʮֵѾζܹ޸ˣ
棬˰
ҲǼ˵ڿνĹˣ
Ŀǰһʱ䣬ø첻ǣ
οǿܹƬǿڣʱҪɽնĻÿأ
˿͹ԳԼı壬ЩǿܹѶѣǼԪʯҵĻٹʮ궼һеѣ
Ԫʯ治˵ĻҶһˣ֮ǰʦҲԪʯء
ʯͷһ£¶Լĺö
ڿڤڤ֮ע
ԪʯȻˣȷֵø˵飡
ֻҪˣڶҪԸܹʵˣ
һ뵽ߣ׵һε
Ҳû뵽㾹ȻмԪʯ֮ʵ˹Ŀ࿴
ȻҲǷǳĿģԭΪѵҲܳ
û뵽ڼԪʯİ£ô̵ʱͻָˣ
棬ҲúõϢһ°ô
Щĳ濴ʵ
һЦҪ˵СӵǺã֮ҲǺҪһ棡ֻһ£⸽һЩö
öʲôö׼ʵ
ʯȻˣʯмֵӦѰã
ῪڵѰ׵˵ġ
ʯû˵
ĺܣܸ˵ϼ仰ѾǺܲˡܲҾĻָǾ͵ÿܷ֧Ԯ㹻˰
ԽԽϾոѣʵûʲô
Լ˵һһѾܲˡ
Ѱɽ֮ʲôð׻Ҫ׷ʡ
ô˯һ㣬вѣ
˿̵ףڸĽ֮УһԵҶޱ׷ҲЩ졭




2644Ѱ
 

֣ڸʲô
ⲻ֮䣬ȴ¶һ˿׵𾴣
һԵҶޱЩ񾭴ûЩϸڡ
ҶޱҲǴֵ˵ⷢȥʲôö
֣˵Ѱã
ײδʶţΪ𲻱Ҫ鷳
ԣʱѯǱȽ׵ģ
ѰãǸ
Ҳһ㶣Ѱú߲ͨòûκε
ΨһѰܹѰҵһ˸ѰҲı
Ѱɴ˵
Ҫ߲õǲѰãǼΪѵģ
ΪѰú߲ͨһûκε
Ҫ˵Ǳʵ
ѰɽǾ޼֮Ļǵӵһʯ󰡣
ѰóֵĻǿ˷ˣ
Ѱã˵ֹ㻹밡ѰãҲֲǰ
ҶޱȻҲ˵Ѱõģ˵쿪ҲЦ
ֻ˵ѰãǸûм
Ҳ֪Ѱõص㵽ʲôѰõصҲ֪
ֻղôһ죬Ȥ
ֻ֪Ѱɽ֮ĻָжİͲ˵ˣ
˵ʲô𣿡ҲǼʵѰǼΪְѰ֮˸
ôˣЦʵΪʲôһ˿
˵ֹӣ㲻Ѱö֪ɣҶޱŵĿʵ
ʼ¹ªţҶЦˣ
Ȼ㲻֪Ļ㡣ѰĹЧѰ
Ҷޱ˵
һԵЩ׳һĿǰλɰŮҲǷ۵Ҳ֪
ҶޱҲǸоԼ˵һϻû˵Ȼ֪㻹ʲô
Щεҡҡͷ֣ѰصѰֻҪһܹͨҵƵĶ
ģ
ҲЩˣĻǶһ˵ȷǼΪã
ɶ˵Ǿ֮ˣ
йĶǿģ
һ˶ֶȤǼԪʯһ綼ϡȱĶɽʽĵز
Ȼܹһ̶ϸ֪֮ĴڣҲһķΧ֮ڣ
ܶĶûκεʶ۲֪ⶫ֮
֮ǰļԪʯǰ׵ǰȥ̽Ļôһͨʯͷһ㣡
ɺķʶ˵Ҳһͷ۵飬ҲȥķԼʶ
ѰõİĻôܹѡԵȥˣ
ֲ֮ǰصᵽѰã׻оأ
ڿӦ֪ѰõãԲſԼ
ҪֻܹһӵĻΪԼָˡ
Ȼģɽ־мصģǾ֤ģ
׵ͷôƭأ
һԵҶޱҲǵǰǲѧţ
ֲʲôܣѾͷ
û˵һԵҶޱҲͷ
ЦŵǵһడиʮֻֻѰõĻǷˣ
ʮֻֻ㻹밡˵ʮֻֻˣҪһֻĻҲԸ˰
ҶޱǺ˼ģҲʱĴһһ
ѰôҵĻɽ绹ǱضǸ
ʵأɽ֮УĶռ˰ٷ֮ʮϵġ
ʣµİٷ֮ʮռɽٷ֮ʮҵԴ
ðɣΪʲôѰϡأЩƵʵ
ѰõϡлǲϡУǲֻ֪ʵﵽɽ綥εˣпܿóǲѰáΪѰø߲ͨһûʲô𰡣
̾һôױ֣ͱ˺ˣ
ô˵ѰվǵĸǰǶ֪ʵ
ǵȻˣҵ̸ܹѰõĻǷˣЦŵ
߲һ壿׿ʵ
߲һ壿ӦñȽϵٰɣеĻҲǱõгȥˣʼ
ˣΪʲôЩ㵵ʵ
ʲôѲ㲻֪߲һǿǵ͵Ů尡ҶޱٺһЦ
ðɣǻȥɡ
˳Ľ׻᷽˹ȥ˿̵׵ǶѰòһ˿ŨȤ




2645׻
 

׻ᣡ
ʵĺǵ׻һټгʽĽʽǴڵģ
СС̡̯
ССҲģڷԼĶ
˵ֻҪһķã׻нˡ
ż͡С
⼸Ϊ˺ܶͽĵطȻˣȻǳгǱȻи߽̼ҵĴڵģ
׻ỹǺܴ󰡡
״˿ҲòĺǵˣǶ۳һĳУǶ۳¶ˣ
ֻĺڶ½ҲЫζһݣ
ֹǴ󰡣֮ǰݲȫͳƣÿ׻ڵ̯̯̾ͳʮң
˵ֵʱѾû̫ĸоˣ
ʮڵ̯ģͳ֣Ҳһгˡ
һ˵Ƕ۳Ľгܹ̼Ѿ൱ĺˡ
ʮǰڵ̯ģ
Щĺ̼ҵĻǿһֲܿˣ
Ҷޱ˫۷Ź˵ϣһֱסط򰡣
ҶﻹǺ˰Ȼ̻֮ҿӦҲզΰɣЦʵ
ͷʱ̯λԳɽܴ󣬵ϡеĶǳ٣ֻһԱ
Ա
üʵ֪˼
ΪʣЦŵڶ֮пܲھһЩˡʵ϶׻һûиʮƷʯͱȥˣǱ߼Ǹϲеĵطɾ˼ˡ
֪֪ٺ٣ǸϲĵطΪܶ˶ԹģҼǵ֮ǰ˵һΣ˵һ˵õһʲôţһǧƷʯء
Ҷޱһż֮ǰĵʲôˣ
Цŵޱ˵Ĳȷһ漣ĵطǾٲʤ٣ռһǺϲطԱ
ҲһȤʹȻɣЦʵ
ˣ֪ԱҲԼʵ͹ǡǡɽ̡
˵ߣƺҲһЩʲô
ôĵ̯ҪһԱ˭ҲûǸйɣ
Щֻܹ
ЦŵԱΪΪӰ
ּЦˣʵ˭ϣõñҲڴ˵
ĺǸûʲôĶԹ۹ģΨһĿ¾ԱһЩصˣ
߿ɣܹھʲôأЦŵ
Ҳԣ˵ԻֱжʵڣҶޱһ֡
˾ӴĽгţֻ׶νĵ̯Щʧ
ɫʵ̫̫ˣӣŸָƭ֣
ҶޱһĹ
ű˵ĿЩʱ˦ȥǼʮļ۸
СҲͦģֻƺɽֶթ̫Ӧ
ô򰡣
Ҷޱ˰죬Ǵָ֮в֪ѾǶѻ˶ٵĶ
׺ƺôţҲǲ
ûʵô򰡣Цŵ
ʲôʲʵİ£ٺ٣Ҷޱν˵
ҶޱޱǽҪǹѣкʵľûоˡľˣ
ðɣǼܻܲطǰ治еɳȥ
ҶޱٺһЦƺǰЩҲ̫Ȥˡ
ɳ赹ǿԿһ£кܶ޵ʲôĲǳһ̣֪浽ʲô
Щԥ˵ںʯǺ׵ĸǰˣ
ȻҶҪȥĻǾȥɡ
ʵǰЩҲûʲô̫ȤղԵɨһȦûԼҪҵĶ
ʯ
Ȼô˵ˣЩһѰʵЩ
˿̵ҲֻܹĻֻ˵ԼûԵˣ
Ѱãȴ׿ҪȥѰҵޣںͷ
УȻô󣿡
Զ
׿һȻƶˣȻĸ֣ҲΪ֣
֣ǿһˣרǷɳ衢޵֮ĵطģ֮󣬿˵ǹھ½ˣ
ɻҲǽ͵
㶼֪ȥʶʶ
˵꣬Ҫ˵ʲôҶޱֱ׳еķ˹ȥ
ֻ׻˵úãԩҲͷеſȴһˡ




2646ˣ
 

꣡
û뵽طȻ˺ҵĶٺ꣡
УĿ˷ǳĶ࣬ҵ˳Ҳûʲôֵģ
ֻ֮ǰոշͻҲǳ˼ۺ죡
峤Ҳ֣
꿴ЦһȻƽʱôģ
˵Ҹڴѣôˣ
ûʲôֻû뵽ҶҶС㾹ȻҲߣɰ
֮Դһ˿ζ
Ҷޱź꣬ʲôϵܺԼͺˣ
ҶޱҶޱҲ֪׼ҵ峤֪߸峤˽ᣬʱʲôıأ
һЦЦ֮дһɺ֮ɫ
㡭
ЩռҸ۳˵Ļ´˿̵Ļһ
ֻڵľƺҲһЩټ֮ǰҪԸ׼ѾΪʵ
ԴʱȻᣬȴû˷硣
Ǻ˵ĿñԼͷϣܲأ
ֻûü˵ʲôһԵҶޱѾŭһǺҲǰ׼ҵһѣҲߴСУ
ҶޱҪ
ƺҲǱ̼ˣӿֳһĨɱ
ң
ȷǰ׼ҵĸӹڱ˵һǼֱǶԺҵһ裡
ΪҵүȻݲġ
峤ҲۣӦý˰ɣ
ԱߣѾȬ뿭֮⣬˵˱ҵ峤뿭ɽ
뿭ɽһθ溫УȻҲĿԵǰ
ֻǺȻ֮˴ԼܵܵˣȻҲŭˣ
һûܹ˵裡
뿭ɽǰ֮Ҳһ˿֮ɫϾܹԼܵ뿭ˣʵȴǲС
˵ռҪˣ峤Ҫ˭Ҷ
ҶޱҲһԵߣֹҵѣ˭ҪҶһԣ
׻δ˵Ѿʥɽ˳˵ˣ⵹ԭŨŨв֮뿭ɽɫ൱ѿ
˰
ʲôʱô˹
ռ֮ǰҲ֣û뵽ȻΪһ֪ð˾㣡
뿭ɽʵЩ֣벻ͨΪʲô
Ц˼ռʥɽҲһǽͷݶѡҶޱ㼴Ǽ޵׼ңҲһƷѣΪ˭οڻǰ׼ҵ峤ˣҺͶôأ
Կ
ź꣬Ҳһ
ǱپҪԿռҵǲǺҶŸɣ
Ҳǳ׵ŭˣֻʵǺǿȲϣ
ҲԼ߱Լļ֣ҵ峤뿭ɽѣ
Ȼˣ̾뿭ɽ˭뿭ɽɵ۾ڵǿأ
ȻûдﵽʥɾʥƺҲһ֮ңѣ
Ҹߣüź뿭ɽʵ
Ϊҵĸ峤ܹȵ߳ĺǲɣ
뿭ɽһԼˣҲ¶˵
ãҸߣ
׵˵ƺ˵һԼ޹صһ㣡
֣㡭ʲô
֪׺«浽ʲôҩҲЩ˵
Ҫ֪һ뺫ҺҵΧʱܲܳǸδ֪
Ȼǰλ۾ʵǿᣬͻҲܲסȺǵΧ
οǰĶ۾ֻһأ
Բܹգĵߡ
һԵҶޱҲǼæֹӣʲôڣǲҶôģ
֪Լ飬ȻԼˣ΢΢һЦ
ǡҶޱҪ˵
׿Ҷޱ峤Ҷôˡǲôġ
ֹӣôô桭
ҶޱЩˣ˵ǲɵѲûпҪɱ
ޱȻԼľǡǾֵľˡǺҺҵ˸ҶֹһëĻǱռΪУ
ҲŭһȻֺݻûʲôá
ˣˣߣ
뿭ɽ׾ȻҪԼߣʧʧȻҲϲһ£
ţһĺҪΪ˲ι۲ιۣҽ׻߰ɣżλҲἱһʱɣ׵˵
šݡ
׵ıһĸоһĪһͲɣ
峤еҪȻһҪߣȻҲܲˡ
ƺһЩʲôɫԾִһ¡
ܿ죬˾ͽ֮С




2647¹ȻѰ
 

ڣ
ԭ׵˾ʹȥģյƺ֣
˸ոյ飬Ҷޱ˵ɫÿ
Ҷޱʵ̫嶯ˣ
ֹӣղš
Ҷޱ㽫ղŵһ飬Ҫ׵ǲôɵģ
״ҶޱĻƺ˺ܶĸְ
ԭҲҪ׵ô뵽
ϾԼүүոս۾ԼǳʲôĻʱԼҲȥ
˼Ҷ۾˲̸۴£һεȥ
ܵȷЩ֣ҡҵˣĺǵҲˣ⵹˰
Īʲô鲻ɣ׷ʵ
⼸һֱ棬ҲûһЩʲô鰡
΢΢ҡͷ֪еʲô飿
Ǻǣ⻹򵥣ҸʲˣҶޱЦŵ
ӡ
һԴҸʲ֪
Ϊ׵ĵƽʱɳڵԽһЩȥȷЩ֪ĸо
Ҷޱôһ㣬ԵЩβѣ
΢΢һЦ⵹Ǹ⣡
峤
ŲԶһŻӣҲ΢΢ǰ
峤Υ˰Ǹ峤ϴһ˿ĵЦݵ
Ͼĺǵһռҵˣ
ݻռҵ峤ƽʱĺռǱλ峤˵㣡
ںܶĿеĵλǷǳĸߵġ
ǺռʵĻºҲռָֻţҸŸˣ
峤ĺҵ峤ҺôҲĺһĩβ
ʵ˵ҲǷǳĿԵģֻռвСĲ࣡
峤Цŵ峤мղ˰ɺã
ã峤˵а
һ£һǸ峤Щ㵡
峤ҡҲֶѰһεѰǿǷĪ
Ѱã
סˣ֮ǰ׻ûѰãĵ˵ûУ
û뵽ھȻѰó֣ʵ˸о˼
Ѳⶫ۾δ֪ʵɣ
峤֪飿峤ӣҲЩɣ
΢΢һ̾λѹ׻棬ߵߡ
ʵҲ֣ʮ֣ͻȻҪѰãϢ䶯ĺǡڼĻǲ֪ˣ
ɽϾΪģǲ֪Ҳģ
οϢʵЩͻȻԺܶҲǴֲ
ֻѰǱ֮һõϢǻǷˣ
ֲۼ˼ĺеԭΪѰð
оϻǵȻĺܣ
峤̾һóֽһȷѪ갡Ǹǻ˵ҵֻ֡峤źܴĻᰡ
Ѱ䣬Ȼ˶ҪõҲ⣬˵һӰ
峤һЦ˿һˣ
Զ
׵ʼչһ˿΢Цʲôʲô
Ѱã
ԼĸѰԵ֣Ҳڿ֮У
ѰѰĹЧĻ˵콵ư
֣ˣû뵽ȻѰð
ףҲĨһ˿𾪵
һԵҶޱЩĿɿڴ˵Ѱã⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ɲҵЦŵ
ҶޱϽѰıõˣΪܹĺǲɣЩõҪȵõã
ޱȻҪȻҪȫȡ
磬Ѱõļֵ൱ĺ˰ҶޱҲǼæѵ
ڵҶޱҲЩˣ׵ʲô˰
ȻԼ˵İѾЩƺˣ
Ѱõȷһ㶼ûԼõȴҪΪ£
ҶޱоЩ򵥣ֻʵ벻ͨ˵˭
Ҳ£ֵǱҵ£
װڰֵλĺˣԼһ㲻Ҫ˲֡ѰüȻҪģǱԼɣ




2648ĺǳ
 

У
˿̵ҶޱһĿɿڴĿף

һʵ̫ˣѰʲôڲŸոոΪԼܹ£
ĵ̵Ļ˾Բ򵥣
뵽֮ǰҪΪԼͷһĻҶޱȻЩˣ
Ŀת֮мһ˿ɻ
һԵȻô˵ˣĳҲͲˡκεҪܿڡĳ߾ܡ
磬ҡһ𣿡Ҷޱĭʵ
ʲô£ЩɻĿҶޱʵ
ǡǸֹӵʲô˰ֵռˣ
Ů˵ĺģǾ˸оֲĴڣ
ҶޱΪһŮˣĺ֮أҲǳһģ
ҶޱʵЩסˣҶޱֵ̯̯⡭㻹ԼֹӰɡ
ֹӣ㡭㵽˭ҶޱڴĿʵ
Цŵ˭ҪҪҿ԰ҶﲻʱҶﻹ֪˭ĻǸʱȻ𰸣
ߣأ
Ҷޱ죬лǺ
ֻ˼Ҳ˵СİȻҲ׷ʹ׷ʣ
ޱȻѰõϢǾͽȥɡ̵
˳е˹ȥ
ΪһεȽϵżһ
Դ˿̵Ҫһ徻һЩİᶼûˣ
ʵνĽ׻û̫
ȡӶģ׻ӶҪ̫̫ˡ
ĴΪ⣬ЩʱֻԵȡһЩطöѣ
Ͼĺǵľʵ̫ˣ
ӻеģ˵һţ¥ϵİ֮У
Ȼ׼ֲģ
˵
ʱſһ˵ĶУ
˾ȻˣѰĺ˰
ѰҲͿ󻹵ǳ˺ռҡҵȸ֮鰡
ֹ˵ħ塢塢ʹ˶ˣ
һοкϷ˰ⶫȻǸȴҲܹɱ֮
°ֵʱ򣬱ŷһ֮
ɽ磬ܹ嶼Ķ߲࣬һѰþеһ
ʵ֮ǰҪУһԭΪ֮ܵǰħķħ֮ǰµħ幫Ĵڣ
ڿӦöǳѰȥģ
塢塢ħ廹ʹ壬˭ϣõĹ屦
Ҫ֪ĻǿʡȥǺܳѰʱ䣡
ɽƺʱǳĳԣɺܶ˶֪ǰԽ죬ǺԽа
Ѱãǽߵһ⣡
ʵǿ
׿˿ӭһӻĿüʵǴﵽʥ磡
Ҳǰզ࣡
ֲĺһֱôİԭǿ򰡣
ҫ죬ʥɽĳ֮һʵҪүү֮ϣҪ˵
ҫ찡λʥɽĳǿߣҶޱҲǼʵ
ֵĻʱû˸Ҷ
ԭѰûЩĵģǰǿԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽˣ
ƽѣ
׵΢΢һЦֻм֮ƺһµƣ
ʥɽĳǿߣȷޱȣ
׿ûдôˣȻѰõϢȻܷŹģ
֣Ī嶯Ҫӳ鰡
Ȼʶԣ׼ɵ
ǰҫʥɽĳǿߣ㻹ǰһЩɡ
Ҷޱһβ׶ŸˣʼĵȰοˣ
ʥ
һЩǿ֮⣬֮˶
ҫ֮ɢһ͵λ񣬱ǰҲǶѰЩȤѡٴγŵĺǾһ̳ǣκ˶Ը
سȻ죬ħ㲻ˣ
Ʒ쳹УҲಽĳŵһŵλ˹
ԭͮҲǸֻǵǿ׵ʱҲ
еĵ̣ȻѰõҪ˽нףȴѰҲǷǳĸȤ
Ϣ
״˿Ҳǳ˵ķ˹ȥ
ʹһӰмҲǶѰȤ
һ˲䣬Ⱥҫ˸оӿ




2649¶ǿߵײ
 

һã
׵һԹߵ徻ֻ֪һȻֻѰõᣡ
漰ѾԽԽˣ
һõѰãʱ»·ǿΧ
еĻ᳤ĳ֮һʵǿ쳣ݴʵس°
һ˵л᳤ͳ˵
ʹһ֮һļӰмҵ˵΢΢һЦ
ǰǼһŷŵӰУǼӰмĳǿߣѾǴﵽʥʹľ簡
һεĽܵ˿֮ҲǴһ˿ľ֮ɫ
ЩѰϹǣһˣ
ײĽУȷһɺˣ
̣ĺǵҲܺ
óֶȷҲǺ飡
ҫ쿴ˣöһԼ磬˲δ¥ϵİȥǳŵһ׵Ա
سҫ΢΢һЦ
ҫҲ΢΢ͷ峤Ϊû
سүүڱչԲΪǰЦŵ
ռƺЩҪѰˣҫЦŵ
ҪǿǿˣѰع屦˶Ҫõ𣿡
Ҳûشҫ⣬ѡһĻشʽ
˿̣
ԭеİᵹԵ쳣壬ڵĵһȴΪ˹עĽ㣡
ĺǵļԭռݵĵһţͳͳŲλã
뿭ɽڰῴ̣ǵɫҲ൱ѿ
٣ǿûʲô˰뿭ɽ
ͷû뵽سȻҲˣ塢ħʹһ嶼ǻǽ쾡Ϊɣ
֮ǰ˷Ѿʧںȡ֮һʧ䣡
ԭѰڱصãڿȴԼûлᣡ
٣Сô죿
뿭ɽһεѯʵϾĺǵһռҵ峤
뿭ɽڵȻǿǸʥɽЩǿļȣĲô£
һε飬ֻܹѯʺ꣡
˵ɱ⣡
仰Ҿͷˣ뿭ɽҲ֮˸ֵɱ
ΪѰõԵʣѾǶˣ
ߣСӶһӰɣ֪Сӵ·
Ȼ浭֮ҲЩɣ
ܹĿ֮²һնɱ뿭磬˵ʵ
˴δĺ¶棬ʥɽҲûп
˵˺пɢޣĳˣ
ֻǺ껹Ҫȷһ£
뿭ɽСӾƾðһ֪ϸӵӼִ֮ͥ˵Ҫħ壡
ƾǲҲһͷ࣬ӦǻʲôͲַˣ
Цһƺӵȷһõˡ
뿭ɽٺһЦ˵Ļǵʱɱˣǻ벻ջ񰡣
ˣϷҪʼˡеĻ᳤Գ棬ҲѰ尡
ĿŽ׻ĸ̨֮ϣв֪Щʲô

еĻ᳤ҲĺǵĻ֮ˣ
⽻׻һأǾǱίеĶٺãҲðձ˵Ҫ
һ˵Щǵ֮󣬻ŻύеУ
ĿҲΪ˲е˳ʱĹɱڣ
ʵ̫ǿˣû˸Σ
ԣǽ֮гͻҲԲ˸еĽֳµģ
˵κһ˶ԽмֻۣҪ
ڵʱܱܲסǾҪ˵컯ˣ
سħŷŵʹԼĸλӭҹСλӦҲ֪һǰĿ˰ɣ
ĿֱӾͷ˼Ĵϣ
ЩνǣЩϹУ
ǿͬĶֻǰļˣ
᳤Ȼ˶ǾͿʼɣƷ絭˵
ǰʱҲĺܣŷŵӰһҲǵͳ˵
ҫʼձһ˿Ȼһδı壡
͸һϵѰ裬һԶšȻҪڴ˽ףбӦŵ
ʯףƷ翴һʵ
κζΪ׵ĳ롣˵ظλӦöɣ
ʼɣ
ҫһοڵƺʼžԵȨһ㣡




2650Ѱãȷϣ
 

У
ԭĳ棬Ϊۣ˽ţ
κһõѰã¶Ҫһɱ
ЩѰ뷨һЩ˿Ѿһ뷨ûˣ
治֪һε˭ܹõѰð
ǾͱϹˣһİ
ѰѾнûгֹˣһεĳȻøע
ĴĴ¼ĺǵһռҵˣҲûа취ɣ
˽ʵǿһεѰùǰž˺̨ϵĴĴ֮вˡ
һãĶһȷѪ꣡
ĺǴңƺǰ
ԽˣܶԽǲԸ뿪ǴͷϷԺҪ׷Īˣ
ţ
Ʒ翴Ȼվ
ħкָ̣ʵ
Ʒ糯һԵҫŷŵӰ˿һ۵᳤ĳ𣬶Ѱùϵش󣬿ɷҵһ۰
ħԼǣҵƴһȴûѰǳɽЦ
ŷŵӰҲǵͷʾͬƷ
һԵҫͷӦһۣ
һЦѰѰ߲죬ȿҲѱɣ
ҵƾʲô᳤Ʒͳʵ
ŵĻħ뿪Ҳûǿħɣ
˵˼ףǿԵģҲʲô
߲õǲѰãǾͿԸⲻԸˣ
ҫ쵭˵ҵжϣ
΢΢ͷȻس˼Ѱˣ
۵
ƾճ˵ĸǰ
Ǽ֮Уȴһֻϰ߲֮ɫãȥһûκε
һ˲䣬˵ʶƺס߲ã
ȻЩܵ˾ţһɪɪ
Ѱãڵ٣ǾƾŸλıжˡ
ʵ϶õǲѰҲûʮİա
˱ʵѣ᳤и顭
ҫƺҲЩԲ׼˵
üسղűѾ˵ˣǸλŵĻȨƺҲûбŸλ۰ɣ
ۣͯҵֻҪְɣһ㶼ĻǱΪвʺĺˣ
вв
ҫϿûʲôһ˵ƺݷ񶨣
ƺҲǶصĳɵ
ɫһȻۣͯȻسҪǱسһӣ
²òͷ
ڶ½һƬϣҲòʵˣ
л𣡡
ҫ첢δѹˣǷǳĿ
ݣ
ҫ컰֮ʣһ鼫ƷʯѾǷٵѰõߣ
ԭŵѰһʼδӽǼƷʯ
ɲһᣬ˾ľˣ
໣
֮е߲úȻſԼĴڣǼƷʯ漴ʧ˵֮У
˿̣߲òϵĳһ򺿽ţ
ѰˣҫЦ˼ղһλһԵʮ鼫Ʒʯ
ȻѰã
ƷŷŵӰ˼ͬʱ
ȻǶѰҲ൱˽ġ
һԵ׵üͷȻһ˿Ѱõص㣬ȴ֪һЩͬ
Ѱõȷڲͬո˼ƷʯѾǱ׵
ü֮УƺһڴųһĶΧĶӦ
Ȼײ֪ӦķΧж󣬵ѰѰؾˣ
£
׵ҲǼѰѰĻ˰
ȻλȷˣǾͿʼɣ
ƺδܵղҫӰ죬ƺҲҪһȷ⵽ǲѰã
ȷ֮֮Դһ˿˷ܵ飡
Ĭ룡
˶Ϊһʼͻִģıɱȴû뵽ȻĬˣ
Ҳһ⣬ƺ˭ҲԸȿڣ
ΪһֱٳٲۣҲȻλôǫãǲɱשɡһƷʯ
һڣ¶ʱˣ
һڣȻֻ̽ԵģһƷʯɵѾˣ
ʵϣ˭֪ʯԲģ
һĽףһ̳׵Ļ




2651ʤ
 

һƷʯ
ںܶͨ˵Ǿ֣
ǶһЩ͵ļ˵ҲѾǺˡ
ɶЩ˵һƷʯĲʲôֵü֣
Ѱõļֵȣһ㶫ֱ֮ѣ
ῪЦħԸƷƷһ
Ʒ絭˵ʯ˵ûκε
ЩļֵʯȼۣҲѡģ
Ͼʯ׵õûôˡ
ǼƷܶʱмеģ
ƷֵƷʯʮڶпܣ
ǼƷǾǼֵǵģ
ʯҲ򲻵Ķʵ̫ϡȱˣ
ħȻֱʰҼӰмҲո֣ƷһƷ
ŷŵӰе˵˵ʵƷ˵ѣ
˶֪ⲻǸոտʼѣ
س𣿡ʵ
Ȼô˵ˣǱȳһμ۰ɡʮƷƷ
ҫ쿴Ķţȴżеˣ
ֲ˹
ʮƷƷǵӲĽŷŵļ۸̧һ
ʵϣôţ棬ʮƷļ۸ѾЩ׽ˣ
ϾƷֲǴײˣô׵õأ
Щܶ඼ǻ˲ЩҵףΪѰԴԴϵõĻ˭Ҳôķ
سȻس嵽׻Ǹԣ
Ļ֮бźܶ˼ħʹ˿Ҳģ
ֺαأϣ۱ǡ۸ߵá
ҫ쵭˵ȻҪĿ껹Ƿеϡ
۲Ļһڶ
ħʹ廹ǱȲ壬һϵġ
ЦһʮƷӼƷҩʮö
˻
˶ǵһ
˵ƷĻôƷҩļֵҲˣ
ɽ缱ȱǿʦּƷҩȷǷǳϡ١
˵ɻԪļƷҩ
ɻԪĻǿͳɻʾ֡
ȻˣɻԪֻһ֣кܶļƷҩ
ܹ֮ΪƷҩģôĹЧԿþˡ
سƺ˰Ʒɫһ
һԵŷŵӰҲɫ˵ȻǴ󻧣棡
ֻŷŵƷ϶ǴһԹ֮ɫǸ˼Ŀҫ죡
һӾλ˳ˣֻʣ֮ˣ˵
ҫݸһЦɣ
ŶĪسΪ˲ֲɣ
м˵ǾԲ˸ʱһŵġ
Ǹ
ҫ쵭˵Ȼļ۸ôˣĳҲֻܹΪѵһμˡѰõȷǺöɶҵ˵ȴҲǱƷ
룡
һƣó־ڱصõľģ
ʮƷӶʮöƷҩҫ쵭˵
˵һ£
˲оһ䣬漴ҵ
ֱʵ̫һЩһǿɶǼֵǵİ
Щǵĳ۷ʽЩС˿ŶоһͷƤ飡
ҪõһƷ߼Ʒҩ¶Ҫ㾡ȫ˼أǽһɰ
Ȼسձ۳ˣǱͲˣʮһƷӶʮһöƷҩ
¶һ˿ʤЦݣѰÿѾ֮ˣ
ٳ۱Щ̫ˣĳҪϲ˰
ҫޱϲѰûеõҲκεı飡
سˡƺЩ˰
˱ԣҲǺٺһЦ
ʵǸ֮˳ֵ׼ĻԲܾʹ֣
ӷҲ͹ȥһʱ䣬ʥɽİ׼Ҷûл
Ҳм˸ˣ
ֵ׼Ļ廹ĲһǶأ
𣬱𣬲ĪΪˣĳֻ֮һѣôȵأ
ҫ쳰Ŀ
ƺ˵ȹ̸ҪӮ˱Ӯˡϣиܹվ⻹ûйأ
ĻһƣҫȻΪܹóļҲЩˣ
ЩƷ»ʱռҺͺҵƴһ£
NɪӣҫпըˣȻһ̩Ȼ֮ģ
ƺûнɣ
ΪҪѰõʱһڲ




2652½ߣף
 

У
ȻһεѰῴǸ˵ᣡ
ʵҲһΰеĽڸ˵ҲΪҪ
˼ǴȺ壬˭Ըⶪأ
ˡħˡʹˣ
õѰõĻǶ˵ǾԹȥģ
ҲΪʲôΪˬһԭ
ǲһαƴ
еϣǵʵȻӹɵģ
ͱȲĲƸۼƸĻ϶ռŵġ
Ͼ½ɽΪһ½
ֻҫܹȻǲܵģ
ֻܹĿӲĴ߽Ѱøߣ
ҫ϶Ѱνʵع屦˭Ҫأ
Ҫ֪ɽѰüǾģôһ֮£
ΪѰòڶ½ʹãҲǿκһ½ʹã
ֻҪлЩ½ǵʱ򱦲ػò
⿴ȥȻǼѰȹ屦ɳһᣬɺοֲһβأ
õѰãЦ˻ˣ
һδ̼ҫҲ֮е飬ֻ˭Ҳû뵽鼸ڳصʱ˲ۣ
һƽȵλĶУ
һ̶ǳķ˹ȥ

Ȼʶģǵһӡߵ˵ˣ
˵ı϶ʥɽռң
ҫЩɵĿףһεĿʵ
ЦŵλҪ⣬ĳѣֻǶѰøȤҲ뿴ܲܵõ
ߣ
ɫһ䣬һèԳƻˣ
Ʒ˿̿׵ʱҲǴ
Сôﶼأ
ֵǣСӾȻ֪ҪǵѰã
¾õˣҲĺˣ
ƷЦһ֪ðȻҲҳΣҿֱӺȥˣ
ǰһˣҲҸҵֱӶԻ
ŷŵӰЦһɽ署Ļ
ΪɽĴ٣ûкйӴ
ڵ˵Ҳ顣
Ͼһ˾ҪǴ̨⻻˭òˬΪʵԽ۰
ΪҲûʸվһ
ƷԱߣͮҲǴľһĿǸǵֹӣ˿ǵ鼫Ϊĸӣ
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ĺǣƷľӪôʱĵط
ټǰ͵͵ܳģǱͲռ
ףЦһ֪ڸʲô˵㣬ռҵ˿ҲûʸжŸɰɣ
в֮ɢռ䣡
ƺ壬ЦŵҼǵǽɣѲ⻹ÿôֻҪǮǱԵõ𣿡
ÿСӰȻˣǳ۸ĻǿɲҪֱˣ
дŭСӻǲޱȰ
ȻԼĸǰ˵Ļֱ
ϾУϾĵطҲùĵСӣ
ֲֻһ⣬Ͼĵ̣˵ǿġ
Ҫ½ĵ̵ĻѾԶʧǵ֮ˣ
ô֪òأЦһóΣ
⡭
ܵΪò˷ʣһЩˣ
ҫһЦ𣬱Ǿλ˵еȻǽ׻˶Բ룬λСֵܼȻ˵ҪμӣǺβأ
سøȻСϷˣҵأ
ûа취ش׵Ļҫ˵̽һε˻ȥ
ò֣ȻҲðλ𣡡
ҫ͸һӵâ֮ɫ
ҫ쿴Ӯˣôй⡣
ǳҵģôľĳˡ
Ȼǳ裬ɱ˱ɱˣ
سˬ죬Ȼس˵ˣǾСӳ۰ɣűǡ
һŭȣȻ˿̱ŭޱȣȴסˣ




2653Ҿһնɽ
 

һﲻǸӰɣǹİȻʱվң
˭˵˼һǵˣһ˼ʵأȻˣҲָ֪ʵ̫Сˣ
ռҲôţû峤һƲϵ𣿡
Ҫ˭ҲסǾǿϷ
۷׷ף²ؼ߸߹
Ƕ׵ܲóģܶĺ˾õĳĻеĿˣ
˵࿴һٿһҲûʲôʧ
Ҫ־ôˣǿ»Щźء
ҫ컺ĳ׵ķ˹üСֵĺǵˣ
׵˵żȻ·
ҫͷСֵĺܣ֪СֵǴ
ƺһεĽ׻ûʲôϵɣ׷ʵ
ҫһ㶣˸ֱӵľܾԼʻСӵƢͦᰡ
غ棬Ӧ֪ԡںڻü
飬ûкһ˵ײ̲˵
ȻҫԼ޳ԹҲܶжȤġ
˵պҲǶأҲûбҪֵĶô׽
ֵģòĻ֣һ̣
Ʒһε˳һαռҵסûлᶯ֣
һֱҪҸŪһ
һ֮ǰȻ˵Ҫħ帲𣬼ֱǴԲѣˣˣ
ڿ˵ĻᣬȻŹˣ
Ǻǣħ廹ʧ֮ǰĳħĹû뵽ȴǶ𱨡һξȻǽǳª
׵֮дһ˿䣡
ƷŭһСӣ³ĺˣ
ԡ
׿Ʒ磬һһٶƣΪԼˣ
뷨ܼ򵥣ǱȵõѰã
飬ֻܹһ˵ˣ
ڶ˵ʱеǣõѰҪôɵ׵Ҳû
ҪƤӲǱȭͷӲ
Ʒ֮ͻìܣҫ˶һȦ
ҫ˴Ҳǵ˵ֹǵõѰãĳԱ֤㰲ĵ뿪
سǱ˽˶ԹѲسҲֲɣƷ
ħҪˣĺǣҫĵֲ̣Ұ
ҫ쵱ʲãֱŭ˻ȥ
һʱ䣬еԵЩ
ƺΪ֮ǰıҲˣȻǶˣƺĶ־ֻ˰
СӣҪж͸ҸжԿЦһ
ŸλӦ˵նɽɣ׵˵
նɽȻ˵ǲһƷѣһΪʲôöأһƷɽ֪ҵıǶ٣
ЩЦˣնɽȷǺǿ
һƷɽԵֵͨļƷɽˡ
ϾƷɽҲкû֣֮նɽǹϵļƷɽ֮еƷ
նɽţ棬Ҳֵܵ϶ʮƷɣ
οмƷ˺ܶļƷҩ
һһȥļ۸񣬾ýֺͷȥ룬Ҳı۸˰
ֹӣû뵽㾹Ȼд֮еնɽնɽȻȴҲֻһƷԶﲻıۡ㻹Ķ
ҫ쿴ӣҲЩɻ˵
˵õѰõĻʤˡ
ԺѰô˵ܲסǾͲˡ
ֻҲ֪һնɽԶԶģ
ûĶˣ
΢΢ҡͷʵϱ˲֪Լ֪ġ
նɽǿǾٵģѾɱ˰
ͼƷȻֻһĲ𣬿޷Խĺ蹵
Ƕڶǿ˵ĻԸҪһҲҪһٱƷ
ΪһеļƷɬˣ
سСӾǹϷˣǣ
ҫ죬ҲǿЦ˼
׵ĻСóʲôö
һֻһƷɽһӾͰ
ֹӣҪֻһնɽĻľͲˡòģǱϷˣλ𣬼ǱҲ㣡ҫһ
׿ҫ쵭˵Ӧвļʦɣ




2654¼һ²֪ˣ
 

ڣ
ԭΪϷ̨û뵽һֻΪһƷ
ɵɵ
ܶ˶˼⣡
ѲһĶ
˼ҸղŵıǼƷİóһƷҪ˼ҶʮƷ
ɵǱɵ
Զ
ҶޱĿɿڴĿף˵ƺ̫һ
Ϊ׿϶óʲôˡ
ǲûУǶ۾ֻóһƷɽʱҲЩȦˡ
֪Ļռٻ߰˼Ʒֱóˣ
ҲôĶ˰ɣ
ڵһӸоЩȦ֪Ӧ˵ʲôˡ
ǼһȻмƷҹĿ࿴ҶޱǶЩȤˡ
΢΢ҡͷնɽֲǲ֪ȻڼƷ֮Ҳǲˣ
һﰡͱȲ˼ңôĵݣ
ҶޱǸоЩ֣һﲻ֪һţ
ʶһﵽڼʱĹһû¹ʲô
˵Ҫ׼ҶŸɣڸǰѼϷˣˣ
ֵʱܣҪסĵɵġ
ʲôɰ磬ô˵˵һ밡
Ҷޱһô˵֪Բôļ򵥵ġ
׵ݾԲô򵥵ģ
΢΢ҡͷԼ˵ԼݣǾԲ˵ݵġֻܸǣС֣ʵ֮ϣ
ʲô
ҶޱĿɿڴĿԶףǼһһ
ôܱ绹أҪ֪ǿʥɽĳţǴﵽɵڵĲΰ
һﵽ˭ʵ֮绹ҪǿĻôûأ
ҶޱһӸоЩȦֲ֮ǰǼһôţ˼Ҳһְ
Ϊһֻ֪ţ֪ء
׵ʵ֪֮˼ܹﵽʵôɵأ
һﵱǸɵӵĻԼɵеս
ƾʲôôţƾʲô
ҶޱʵЩ벻ͨ벻ͨ˾ûܹͨһİɣ
ĵͷ֪ͺˣڿһѾվˣ
ǡô찡ʱһˣùǰ
ҶޱҲ֪ǰ⼸һǳ֣
ĸ֣һż׵ĶԸģ
ʥɽļ壬ҲõɣЩͨ˾͸Ӳ̸ˣ
ɣЩѾܹҵˣ
Ҳ̾һ˵Ҫ׵İȫ
ǣ׵İȫԼ֤ˣ
ΪǰЩˣûһùģ
ԼүүˣҲֹ˰ɣ
һֻܹҫس̬ˣĵǣҫܲһֱװɣ
һߣ뿭ɽҲĿɿڴĿǰһУ
Ҳû뵽ǸԼ׼ߵСӾȻеӸЩ
ǵʵҲʱ˵һ仰
˿̣ǵ֮мΪĸӣ֪Щʲô
һߣ
ӶҲü
ʦʲô˼
ʵȻʱҪʦʲô
һԵҫ쵭˵ֹĪҪնɽɣʵնɽҲҼһأȷǼƷ
ǣسΪ˵ƶأնɽ²̫һ׵ȻһЦ
ҫһ㶵ɽֻһնɽնɽĪǡ
Ǻǣնɽɲδֻһ⽣ҲΪնɽƷƺǲġҸʦһҲΪɣȻЦŵ
˷ʱˣȽҵĸѺ
ţ
׻δ˵ҫѾվ˳
سʲô˼ߣɲسķ񰡣Ī䲻𣿡˵
һнйءֻǰذ¶ѣȻ˵ԼĶмֵǼһӦò˶೤ʱɣ
ҫ˿ҲЩŭˣȻôЩˣ
Ҳ̫ˣõ˶ԼҫȻҲǺùˣ
Ȼôţձ㵽ףֵϼһˡ
˿Ѿǽìһ֮ĽһҲʽĿʼˡ
еʽ峬ʦ֮һҲĴһĳϣ
һʱ䣬˵Ŀⶼۼһ͵ϡ




2655¼
 

ڣ
һλƽ߳˵֮У
ֻǵ˵ֵʱ򣬵ҲǷһľ֮

λһ¶Լ®ɽĿ
ʵҪıĴѳš
ÿһλ嶼ɳһλ֣ĿľΪ˻ȡ½Դ
бϿȻŽһ£Ƕ⣡
ǵڲʵҲ顣
˿Ȼһ¶ˣѰöκһ˵뷽跨ҪõĶ
˭Ѱõ˵ǿأ
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ƺЩԸĴ嶼ġ
ȻеĻ᳤λ᳤ƺҲ̫
ͬΪĴ壬˭Ը⳯һ׳Ƴأ
һϼһﲻǼС˵жҪͰһ°ɣЩСʦ
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˵֮ҫҲǳȺ֮е뿭ɽ˹ȥ
뿭ɽһ㶣漴ӺԱվȺȥ
峤ĺǶļʦΪ˹ƽĻһɣҲ嶼ŷˣ
ҫ쿴뿭ɽ뿭ɽΥҫ־
һٸԸ⣬ڵҲҪȥ
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ʵ뿭ɽϣܹõѰãΪ˵׵õѰÿ϶ҪĸһЩ
뿭ɽȭ˷ģĳһΪ
سǲˣ
ֻΪ嶼ŷѣϾֹóĶ²ǷƷҫ쵭˵
΢΢һЦҵҪ۽˰
Ȼô˵ǰ֮Ӧòóʲôö
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ԭΪɽʧٵǱնɷɽȥƺǣ
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ҫһЩüĿ˿뿭ɽȻ֪Ϊʲô뿭ɽСӹȥ
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Ӯ˹أɽǰģ
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ҫã֮ʣ׵ƾնһɽ
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ⶫƷɽǵĻСӿ϶Ǳնɱġ
СٺãüλҲѾüˡ
Ȼ뿭ɽһУϣСھ
ԣ뿭ɽôҲǿģϾ˵趼ΪСӣ
峤ҲǼ֣Ϊأֱӽеķɽ˶뿭ɽУ
üͷҲƺЩ̫ȷ
뿭ɽӹնɽ֮Ҳ¶һ˿΢Цɵһϸ۲֮ɫЩˣ
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˵˵ʲôƨذֱ˵
ЩˣⲻǸż
̾һżʲôֻǳжϣѯһ峤ܵóһ

ǼʦһķȺöʱȻҲ
뿭ɽüҵ뷨һ
ҲΪǵģ뿭ɽ˾һǷĸо
ʲô峤ҫҲЩ޿̵ʵ
뿭ɽʿˮûпĻ⡭ӦǴ֮еİ




2656˵
 


һȫһƬž
Ҫ֪Ǵ֮еĶɽ缸ûĴڡ
ĻҲ˵ˣ
㡭˵ʲô
ҫ˹֮г֮⣬ȻӿֳһĨ֮ɫ
ܹߵĶʲôģ
ȰĴڣȷۺ첻ѣ
ȻɽҲеģĺٺ٣ٵûеĵز
ҫʥɽλĳǿߣõҲǼƷѣ
ȷǰ
һεȷϵʵϸղõʱҲ쳣𾪣
ʵϰһ˿Ϣһ˿϶Ǿ첻ġ
ȴܹһ˿ϢǿԿ϶ˡ
뿭ɽȻûĸϢһ֪ģǾⶫѾǳ˼Ʒķ룡
Ȼ˼Ʒķ룬ôֻһֿԣǱǰ
Ҳ̫ܣ
ΪŴôմȾɽϢأ
Ȼǰûп
Ҳǳ׵ľˣǰĻֵ޷ˡ
Ȼ˵ѰõȷǺţ棬ǰͬҲţ棡
ѰþѰһӵıҲѰҵһɣ
ڵͶߵò󣬿ɶڸ߽ʥɽЩ˵ǼֱǱ
ټʥɽЩԴ϶ǿ˵У˿ҲֻЩˣ
ʵϣҫѡĻǻпܷѰöҪˣ
ֻ𾪵ǣǰСӾȻ۾գһ¾ҪóѰˣ
ⲻò˻ɴ˵ϵǲǻʲôĺö
˵һϲֹһ
һ뵽ߣƷ硢ŷŵӰлҫ켸ͬʱף
׵˵޼֮ǰټƷҲֲļֵɣ
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᳤̬ĳ̾Ϊֹ˵
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ƺûн׵ĳУһֵֵܣһϲѣ֮ǰǾһʹˡѰԭֵܲĻұ˿ɶԣ
׵ͷ
̵ȻֵܵĿѰãǲҺһѣͬôļƷͼƷɵҲҪѰãֵܽɺã
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һõһλǿߵ˵ǰһġ
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ô޴׿ɲ
˿̣˶ףĺ𽻺ãǺܶ˼Ҫ׿¶ǲˣ
ҫ쿴Ǵĺ̰
˵ֵܣҵΣûκεʧܹΪĹֵܲͬ͡ĻԺ±ĵˡ
䲻˵ĻһҪһ¡ֻϧϲľǱвң
׿һ˵øԼһڣ
ֵģΥ־
һͷŭʨһ㣬ɫ˲
ԭ׿϶ǻӦģΪǰһ
û뵽վȻһ
۵ĻѰÿǹˣ
׸⣬ֻЦζըˣ
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ŭһնɽ뿪֮У
ɢ
׷ٵѰãת˲֮ʧȺ֮У
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ˣǱɱ
ҫߣһӰĸǰ֮дһ˿֮䣡
ȥҲЩҵȱܱʱܻǱʸΪҫѡ
ҫ񲻴һ˿ɫʵ˵ֻĿѾƮ֮䣡
˿̣һսƺĺǵϿա




2657ҫ
 

У
Ѱñֱߣ˶ûüӦ
Ȼó˰Ѱþô׵һСˣ˭ҲԸģ
οҲǸǵģ˼Ѱ˵ġ
ԣЩ˵ĵ֮ҪץסףѰòܹһߣ
һòȻȻȥ׷ɱף
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˿̵ĺϿѾƼڶĸ֣
ǰˣҲ塢ħʹļǿߣ
ҲֻǿĺǵĹش֣
Ȼҫ˿̻УҲΪһССڶ
ܶʱ˸ҫӣǲΪûдﵽһĳ̶ȣ
Ѱع屦ȻˣȻһɱ
Բҫһ˾Ϳֹģ
ĺĳ
뿭ɽѾ׷˳ȥǸȥ֡
֮£Ǹʳԣûеȥô
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첻µزµĻղŵѰѾǳˡ
٣СӽտǱˣ
뿭ɽ¶һ˿΢ЦǸֵСӿ϶ˡ
ͷ·ߣƫƫСʵȻɴʹ̫ˣΪֻһŲɣ
٣СӾȻܹóʵЩ˸оֲ˵Сӻ˭أ
뿭ɽЩɻĿŲԶѾǱΧףҲüʵ
ʥɽû½ƺҲû˵апĳˣô˵Ĳأ
üͷΨһĿԾĳ͵쳣ǿ֮ˣ
ɽʵ벻ʲôܹǰ֮ˣ
СҪˣҲʡǶˡǿϧѰúͰ֪СӵаĻǾӦá
뿭ɽ֮Դһ˿ĺڣ֮ǰѰõĻǵˡ
ڵѰûеõҲûеõֱĻҲûУ
һ뿭ɽоЩɥ
΢΢һ̾峤ԼǣֻҵȲ֪Сӵĺö֪ĻҲֲСзˣ
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˿̣
ҶޱҲǶԶף֮еĵǸ
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峤ҶС㡭
ҫ쿴Ҷޱʶġ
Ҷޱҫ죬ҲԵЩֻһԵûκε飡
ҫ칰ֵسĺǣҵѣ˹ȻĺǶ֣ǻ˳˵Ĺذ
أزƶͨصĶѡ峤ΪڵҿԹܿص˵̫ˣ
ҫصͻ̫⼸֣ʵһΣ
ͷسԣֻ֪ǡ
ҫ쿴峤˼ĳȻףֻΪһС˼ȺĴҫ˵ʵЩ㡣֪峤ɷ֮ĳ˵ס
س⣬سϳĻĳȻ֪޲޲
ҲЩˣΪһ˸Ӧ
Ψһܹƾ֮ˣҲسˣ
Ŷ˻ЩͷҫҲȤ
һԵҶޱ׼ţҫƺ֪һ㣡
ҫ˵˼֣
ҫԭݵɫҲԵһ𺳣
Ȼ
ҫɴ۾ʵҲû뵽ǰ֮˾Ȼ½Ķ۳۾ף
ֵݻҪܵģسһ
һԵҶޱɫͨ죬ʵǲ֪˵˵ɶ
Ȼҫ춼Ҫˣ˵Լ֪Ҳˡ
Ǻǣ˼ˣĳյҪʵûб󣡡
ҫζĿԶֻ֮һĨ𺳾þûδɢȥ
۾һλ˶о˼飡
һ̣λ۾ĴѾ亱
һˡ
ҫ˼ĿԶȻŷŵӰкƷмףҲ΢Լ˫ۡ
ҫ쵽ѡףѡԹۣѡһţ
û֪Ҳû˿óҫ˼
˿̣
ҫӣֻܹˣ
Ϊ׸ӵóȥġ




2658ֻɽ
 

ĺ룡
ܶ˶֪ΪʲôͻȻ˸ĺǵϿն֣
Щ˿ϿյǼ֮Ҳľ֮ɫ
ôĸֳֻɽҪսĽ𣿡
ǰʹĳǿߡħķħ⼸˿ɶǴﰡ
һվĺǶΪ֮ˣ
м䱻ΧСӺİһǵ˭
һ˾ֵĿգǿֲѹ˲ҿǰһ
ȴǳҪ׷ʲô飿
̬úܶΧȻԶȴ᲻뿪
ĺǵ֮УζӵվһӣҲüԶ˹ȥ
ʶǸһ
λȳȣд֮磬˱ǵζϰ壬Ҳĸ磡
ǳ֮һζȴҲҵҪԴ֮һ
ԭżǿϢųģɵԼŮԶɫһʱҲɻѯʵ
״ˣǵ֮ǰҸ˵ǸҸ峤뿭Ǹ𣿾
ŶСӻǲȻͬʱǿߣ벻Ҳ˰ɽʲôʱһſ
翴ƺһ²ؼ߸߹ĸо
״ˣһֱо˲򵥡ֻû뵽ȻҸôĶ
ܹﵽȲεˣûһɵϡ˸ôȻ̣֮ǰ˵ռһ̰ɡ
ҲЩƣռңпҲô¡
ռҶеһңһЩͷ
ͬʱΧҲûκεϣ
ͷɣһڽˣ
ˣǺǣҿɴδĳ˵İһЦ
ɫһ״ˣĪҪЦˣֻһȶѡΣңӢҲ
ţֻǲñԼſҲð˼ǽܹռҵİӹһ٣Ϊܻľˣ
΢΢ҡͷ˵Ҳǲǰһ
˵ģ´˾ûа취ӳˡ
ĬĿⶨǴݲȵ׵ˡ
ʱһﾹȻôĵݣǲ֪һﵽж̣
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Ͼ˸ռʶҲǼʱ䣬ռôΪһνȥＸȺأ
Ϊʲôˣ
벻ͨҪһﵽж̣
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װȻĳ֮ϣǰƮƮģһµơ
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˿ҲЩˣòܹСԼĸǰ
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׿ǰȻЩҪˡѰԼĶģĪΪĲɣֱЦ
𣬸һʲôֱնɱˣ
ƷΪħȻһЩˣ
뵽֮ǰСӾȻԲѵ˵Ҫħ壬ԭƷ羹Ȼһ˿ΣУ
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ƷҪ飬Բ˴вħ壡
ɱǱ˺󻼣
һԵŷŵӰҲ¶һ˿ɭȻЦݵħԼǣ˿ޱȣǵǼ壬ͳһ˽֮ء
˵ѾǳΪ˹ˣ
ħҵǿ⣬ʹʲôΧĳЦһ
ҡ
ŷŵӰҲһ㶣ȷСӸԼëǮĹϵҲûУ
ʵΪ˿ûлѰõģ
ħƷСӷͻȴһûκεĽ
Ǳ˵ɣ㲻ǿ˱õĶ𣿲ħڴˣΪ㻹лõ𣿵ҺʱĳȻкôϣ
䣡
һ˲䣬ԭһľƺѾЩҡҡ׹ˣ
׶ڳϵжϷǳ
ȺԲϣΨһĿԱŹͬ棡
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ŷŵӰвмʵ֮Ѿ˸һڴĹâˡ
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ﱾס𣬰Ȼ˫ַϣ
ᣡ
ֻҪŷŵӰסôױڳԸƷ磡
һʱ䣬Ʒɱ˰Ŀ⼸ͬʱŷŵӰУ
ҡҡ׹һ̱߽⣡




2659ŷŵӰеľ
 

ԥ
ŷŵӰд˿̿׵ҲЩˣ
֮ǰ׸˵ĻһƾĹȥˣ
أ
˼֮ǰѾóһ˰˼һУŷŵӰĶˣ
Ҫ֪ǿǰ˭Ҳ÷ˣ
ֻһ͸ҪǮĴײһȻһεóջԼ
һŷŵӰЩ벻ͨǾΪʲôһ֮ǰӦأ
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֪׶岢ټ֮ǰٰвΪĲˬ
һš˭Ҳס
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ŭһһŷŵӰвУǲζԼһս
֮ǰȻҲǳֵĲǽǷأ
οʵûдﵽʥһǿ߾ǹˣŷŵӰģǲеģ
вˣ
ŷŵӰпӣҲ˵
һԵƷŷŵӰУɲҪѰ·ѲҪСӶԿ𣿡
ѻ˵ôħѲ㲻Ҫ𣿡ŷŵӰЦһ
ɱһԵõ
Ʒ֪ǰֵܹסջ
οŷŵӰиǸһﲢδԹҲ˺Ļ
ǸֵǾûкĿˣΪӿҲܸСںˡ
ΨһܺľŷŵӰУ
ҲǿյҪһԼ
ֻʣһˡ
ʱ˵һ䣬ԼкüĻ⼸˵ȷǿԺ
ֻһĻǺǳ
һ׸˭һҲҪģûУ
֮ǰ˼ʵģ֮оܹ֪ҪģҪģ
һ仰ֱӾ͵˺ŷŵϣ
ԭһ˿ԥŷŵӰдȻ˵ʹһǹĻֹӹĵõѰãͷħáʹһԲܹɽð࡭
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ŷŵӰеĻоθһķ
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ȻƷʵ࣬Ҳռʲôˡ
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ҲŷŵӰѡ׵һԭԼԻס뿪ǣ
ϾʹһΪǱٶȣ
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ʱħʹ廹ĸǷɣ
ֻǼƻûб仯죬Ȼû뵽ԭ߽֮ͬ⣡
Ϊ֮ǰ׸ħŲתĳͻĻʱħҲпܷת
һֻҪסŷŵ̵ʱնɱˣ
Ʒ翴ף֮ҲǱһ˿ڴĹâ
³ֵ֮Σ
ƺоԼȲʤȯһ㣬Ʒޱʵ
ΪΣ
Ʒ񲢲⣬ʵ
߰ʣµȫħΣڻŰ飬һƺЩ߻ħһ㣡
ƷˬһЦˬ죬ôˣ
ֹӣߣ
ŷŵ˾ҪֵģһѾ׵ߣ
ٶҪ뿪ǳĴ
ãֻҪסɣħҪħǲô
׵һȫ𶯣
һﾹȻҪսħϣԭ˶ΪŷŵΪҪߣ
ΪǲŷŵһֵܹסħĽ
һʱ䣬ȫȻ




2660սħ
 

ǼһΪԼ˭ȻҸħ
ҿǸֵĿ϶ǷˣȻҪĻ˭Ҳס
Ǳ˰ʲô˶ҳˣˣ
һﻹ֪ħĿֲɣħĿֲǿǡ
һֹĿŲԶ˰Ļһ֮Աǣ
˵׾ԲǷħĶ֣
ħǿѾˣ
οǰǼ֮أ
˾͸ҵħǾЦеЦˣ
ԶϿգ
ŷŵӰҲڵЩȻĿףһӶ֪˵ʲôˣ
۵Ŀ⣬ŷŵӰɫһֹӣôȥĻʱ߶ˣ
ʵŷŵӰвԼİȫǸħ嶯֣Ҳʹɱֵġ
ϾڵŷŵӰдŵĿʹ壡
УΨһܹնɱĿ¾ǰֹˡ
ԼҪһ·һȴֱӽìͷ˷ħƷ磡
һǲ㶺ˣ
Ȼħ֮ҪǱ㿴ûˣ
ˣ
һֲѹѾϯĺǵϿգ
һϽƾճ׵У
޷潣սȻһһָ˶Ʒ磡
ԭδȥҪһλħ𵽵жͣ
һƽҲ˼ڱĸǰ֣
Ʒ翴еĶϽܵЦ
ֻƷҲ룬һܹóˣôƽأ
¡
Ʒ绰δ֮ʣԶܲ
һ̣Ƭ֮ܲУȻ˺ѿһ϶
һӰ֮们䣡
ף
ÿֲĽ
ƷҲҴ⣬֮ǰǿ׳ֵģСӵʵȷǷǳĲ
Ʒʲôǿߣܹ뿭磬Ҳ
ǵʱΪûжͻĻƷҪնɱ뿭ˣ
ìתޣ׺֮ìܣ
С˵˿֪ĻƷɱģ
ڿСӲǿжҲ޷찡
磬ƿն
ǵֱӳƷķɱƷЦһὣУ
¡¡
һһϣ
ֱڰ֮ײ˲ڿγһĨǿĽ籩ϯ
߶жǿߵĻĺҲҪˣ
ˣ˵ΧҲѾǱΪƽء
Ʒ˵֮Զɶ˿δȥôĴݲȣ
һʱ䣬ȫԾ
ƿŲԶף֮Ĩһ˿ĺȻ
˵֮ǰǿСӵĻôԲҴˣ
СԶֹϿôļ򵥣͸ղǿһѾо˴˵ǿ
ʵ
ֵһܹԼЩǱЩ֮⣬˵˴˵ʵǳǿ
ȥʲôʱǿ˰
ҡĻΪСǸû뵽ȻǸְ
ֹǸְǿǷħ治֪һﵽ˭
Ժɽ绹ǵ͵һɣ治֪ôĸְ
һʱ䣬ĺǼˣ
ԭһߵĿ˥֮ˣҲһĿɿڴĿǰĽ
׵ĳֱ֣Щ˱ˣ
Ʒͮ巿ŲԶףǵҲζӳ£
ʵѡĻǾԲΪеģ
˼ڵζҲǾȹǵİɣ
ԼĻһֱΪ˽ӽĿĵģ˼һ˿ĺɫ
Ҳֱӵ˼ֹӸħ巴Ŀɳ
ڿֱֹסԼĻ壬ҪնɱԼĻʱǵҲһѺ
Ϊѣ
ͮøо˭Ӯʹ࣬ӮǱԼĻˣпܱնɱ
Բϣʵ
ˣǱԼľҪԼĻնɱˣͬǵҲǹⲻȥ
һʱ䣬ǳΪΪӵˣ
ߣС㰡ΪƾʵҪԸ𣿱֮ǰۣ͵űΪķɣ
Ʒ翴ףǷһ˿Цݣ
ղһĻȷЩˣ
ԭΪԼܹɵĻףû뵽ֵʱԼȻ·磡

Ʒ֪һսغĿɲǲƸķ䣬ǹϵħ棡
ԲԼʧܣ
׿Ʒ磬֮ҲĨһ˿ɱգ
Ǿñ㵽ûˣ
Ʒʧ֮Уһ֮һĨɫͫףǺˡ




2661ͫħ
 

ħ
һ̣óǵɱﵣ
ʵħʵӹɣΪʲôħ˵ļɵ
ԭֻһǱͫ
ħͫսеͫĹЧܹݻ
ɱеĹУһ˵ǱңǼʮľ棡
ҲΪʲô彫ħΪħһҪԭ
Ϊħͳελ˾޴вҲʹħ岻òԶ硣
ڱ½õһ˿ϢĻĻµħѾǱɱĸɸɾˣ
˿̣
Ʒͫһεչ˵ĸǰǵһĨааЦ˵ţ
ͫħ
Ʒһŭ֮ͫɢɫâ·һεĴ׵ķȥ
Сġ
ŷŵӰп׾ȻӲƷ·磬һ
漴ƷֱʹħɱﵣҲǸϽѵ
һħͫǽսͲˣ
ʵϸħ֮սµľʹͫΪƽķȻУһ˸
׵ʵѹƷ磬ֻиΪǿĻֵܹסͫħ֣
ֻ⿴ȥһĿԶûУ
׵ʵѾ˹Ŀ࿴ˣȻڻ軹ħ壡
Ҳ˵׵ʵƷ粻ֲ٣ڻԲܳħģ
һսʤ֣
ŷŵнΪһʱԼʲôòøħ˷
Ȿ˭ҲԸǸħ巭õһΪɣ
һ뵽ŷŵӰеиƲѣ
ǸղŴߵĻҲûôĻ˲ǣ
ͫħļ˲佫֮ڣ˿׵ƺҲǱմȾһ˿ħ
ͫ׷ϣǱħͫƵǰװ
Զҫ΢΢һ̾
ǽһżҫسҴӦѾˣɲܼȰ
ȣûеһȻܹһ۷壬ôһѾ޲ߣôҪ˰
ҫڰ֣ȻûûеԼҪֵĵز
ʵҫ뷨Ҳǳļ򵥣ǾҪ֮еɽ¹󵽵ǲô
ղ׶ƷһѾҫЩĿ࿴ˣ
Ҫ֪˵ļ޵ʲôط
ҶޱŲԶƺħģǺ޲Լȥ
֪ȥʵҲû̫
һߣ
ŷŵ˲δ֣ʵ֪ʱ˭Ҳκε˶Էġ
˵Ļ˻翴ʵڣ
Ʒնɱ׵ĻôҪŷŵӰп¾Ҫ·ˣ
ʱԭһҪ˷ߣڶԶֻҪ˷ˣ
еС̴ҲǶ죡
ڵľȲԼֿõԼǵĶֶΪأ
ŷŵӰУһѡˡͫ׷ϣֵСӿڽˡԼĺ룬ȥһӣ
ŷŵӰϻ¹˭ֻδ֪˵ǲ̫һЩ
ŷŵӰУʹһôһοǵѡʹһķ񰡡ֻϧԼѡ·ҲꡣСһ½·ʱˡ
Ц˼ƷѾȲʤȯˣ
ͫ׷ϣǾ˵Ѿˣ
һħͫĻǵʱ򻹲Ʒڲ
ʤʱ⣬ȻǸӵĲżˡ
ŷŵӰЦɷģʹһѡӲڣ
ڣҪڣΪǻ𣿡ĿȻŷŵӰһĿһεת˶ף
ʱףƺĳֶһ㣬оԼĸǰһĻ㱣
ˣô㱾Ҳڱĸǰ㳢һʲô˼
ƷϸֳһĨĺ⣬ǲ̵Ц׹һ㣡
״˿̷·̶֮Уϵı쳣ʹ࣡
û֪ھʲôͫħȻĹԲʥǿߵһ
ݣ
һɫĹâƷըһǻһĽʧ˵ĸǰ
ǱŰĽķɱȥʯ֮佣ѾǾ׽ߣ
˽΢΢ҡͷһϷƺôĽˡ




2662תƷ
 

˿̣
ױͫħȻʶ㹻ǿ󣬿ҪƿͫħҪӵʱ䣡
⼸ӵʱ˵ģ
׵ͫױЩ֮ƷѾ֪ԼĻˣ
ûκεԥ
ƷѾʹԼǿѧһĻףǼ֮أ
ҶޱסԼ˫ۣһԵҫҪ֣ȴƺѾЩˣ
ղŵһз̫죬ҫԭΪԼף
ȴƷƣҪ֪һ˵ħͫħסһ˵Ļĥ˵һ̲ų֣
ҫҲΪħĹ
û뵽Ʒ羹Ȼ˵żȫͫħƾʹɱ֣
ʵҲΪƷ约ϵԽԽ׽֦žôġ
ֻҫ̫۵ܶϣڼҪҲѾˣ
ʯ֮䣬һĨааĽѾ׵ĸǰ
ֻһɲǣ׻ҷ
ǽֵ׸ǰһ˲䣬׷ƾʧһ㣡
˶ɴ۾ǰһĻǶ֪Ǹֵļһﵽȥʲôط
ͬʱ
ƷоԼƺһһ㣬ԼжҲǱ֮ǰгٻ
⡭ʲôǼһأ
Ʒɴ۾ǰĿҲĿɿڴ
ȵһƺһЦ
һѲƿԼͫħⲻܣԲܣ
Ʒ翴ָʼΪģǼһȷʧˣʧ˵Ĺ죡
ͫħҲˣ
Ʒ绹ڷ㶵ʱıѾǶһ
һ޴ĽӰƷʧһ˲䣬ӰѾƷڵλնɱȥ
ಣ
ȻƷ㿪ˣҲ໹Ǳǽ
޷潣ǿǽĴڣƷôֵܹ˺أ
ʵһ׵ķ͵Ϯе̫̫
һƷäĿţԼѾǱͫħơ
ڶƷĶʧ񣬴һʱ
ȻˣΪҪһ֮޷潣ϣ
ʱ˺ͣ
ȱһɣ
״˿һһսһ㣬ĶѾ˵Ʒ磡
ȿȿȣ
ƷԼ˴оһʹ
һ˺ԼһеǱϽǷƷЦ֮ǰԼЦ˼ҡ
ħ֮ҲˣΪʲôͣӦûɫˡ
׵һЦ֮бŷǾԵţ
˵֮ǰƷ׻ܹƾеĻô˵ƷԲ׵Ķ֣
ο׻ɱûʹأ
㡭ôƿħͫħܣԲܣ
Ʒ·ЩʧķһĿף벻ͨһеΪʲô
벻ͨǱɾûа취ˣͨ벻ͨڣ
е޷潣ѾǸ߸ߵľٹͷƷһɻı飬ҲЦ
һﵱȻ֪ԼΪʲôƿͫħˣ
ҪһΪԼƿͫħ˲ĻҪ͵ϮҲѵ֡
Ϊʲôƿͫħļأ
ʵԼҲû뵽ΪؼʱڣԼľȻǾβһ壡
ǾβһǿĻƿħͫħһμǲҲǸˣ
οħУôܲأ
һ֮䣬ʤѶ
㡭Ϊƿҵͫħܹսʤ𣿹Σ
ƷȻ֮ŷһɾ޴ܶΪħҪ׵Ľ׵ʱȴǴ۾һĻ
ħȻһСǰˣ
ʶʱΪܣ
ħ˵ĵ䷶
֪ԼѾ޷أʱҪԼս۷״̬Ѿǲˣ
ֱŷŵӰǣƣ֪Ҫֻжˣ
ܣҲܵˣ
׵дһ˿Цݣе޷潣һεļ
һն
Զ㴫һֲĺǵʧһӰ˵ϣ
֮һб׵£
ǿħΣֻҪײߣǱ߲ˣ
һʱ䣬ĺǶΪ֮ħȻһСӸס
һʵ˾Щ˼
ɱߣبɱ֮
ಽĳƷķȥÿһǰ̤һĻ꣡
ֹӣ֣
׼նɱƷ֮ʣһѾǴ뵽׵ĶУ




2663²ɱ޸ң
 

˲ת
˿ŸоһĿϾӣŷŵӰ˴˿̵ıǵߵˣ
ôҲû뵽֮ǰѾȲʤȯƷ磬Ȼ˵Ĳһ
ħΪǿͫȻô׵ľͱ˸ƽˣ
һﾹȻ˵Уһ֣
Ƶתԭɱ֮ˣڱ˱ɱ
һѪһûŷŵӰȻǼ֣
֮ǰѾǳ׵ĸоûϣɾһ˲䣬ԭľϣ
Ӯˣ
ȻŷŵӰҲ֪һﵽôӮģ
˼ҾӮˣӮ̾
ʤԭǺ֮䣬ֻʤԭΪƷ׶ѣ
Զ
ҫҲǸֳһĨ֮ɫͫħҲ̹ġ
ƷսҲδܹʱսʤ֮
ƷƾͫħǽжȣһҫҲܸħλֶ
֮ǰҪֹӵʲô͸ôֵǰ˵Ĳ
ҲǼʶˣλ۾ȷǲСﰡ
ħȻҲŪǱвУ
Ҷޱ˿Ѿǵɴ۾ԶһУûüӦ
ͮλħĹͬʱ˳˵ĿⶼǶλħĹϣ
ϾƷħλĻ壡
ǾԲĿƷǵĸǰģʱǳ׵ĸǰ֣
ĳҪɱҪĳղĳʱλƺûгɣĪҪҷһ
׿ͮ巣
֮ǰʵİˣҲ֪˵ݡ
֪ˣѲɻͼСѾͷʲôɣ
û뵽ħ֮ˣħȻ𱨣
⳹׵ļŭףҲֱӷųݻҪ׵Ĳħ壡
ֻͮ˵ȷǻҲΪԼ˵һЩԼж飡

ҲǸһӣ
ͮɫһֹӣƢ֪ģһרйˡһεȷħдȣֹܹĻ塣
ĪڸĳЦɣŴҪɱĳĳ˾ôˣĳδ棿Цһ
ֹӣɣֻҪܹһ壬ħ嶨Ȼ㣡
֪ͮƷħеλǳĸߣħľ޴ս
ĺǣʱ²Ʒһ˵ĴΪΪǣ
ǾƷ磬ΪԼĻ壬ΪԼйأ
ο˭ԸԼԼĸǰأ
˼Ҫˣ׵ʵ
ֹӣӦκֻҪħܹģƴǣ
֪ͮƷʲôҪ
οƷһ壬ģʱħ澡ʧԼĸŭ
ʱħ
ԣڽìܲΪ⣬ٿһء
Ժ飬ֻܹԺ˵ˣ
ĳҪĶħҲ𡭡׿Ц
㲻˵ô֪Ǹ𰡣巿ףЩ˵
һԵͮԼõ巣ɽ㲻Ҫ˵
λ£ĳǺɱ֮ˣħҲκεĳԹħĳǱѡħ岻ͼƶһҪǱǲݵľ档
˵Դǣ˿֮ͮҲ΢Լ˫ۡ
ʲô
ͮ׵ת֮æʵ
ֻҪ˼ô̸еز
λһλԸ޸£¿±ῼһ£
ʵϷһŮħ幫ôأ
Ʒ׵ĻɫǺ󵨿ͽ㵨幫ֱ
壬㻹鲻𣿡ͮ˿Ҳʾħ幫ǣƷһ
ƷҰһ죬Ҫ˵Щʲôջû˵ĳڣ
ôǵӢ۵ӦĳĳȻҲʳԣ
ôʵĿľҪһħ壬ħ嵽̶ѾǲкĿˣ
ͮɫѿӣ׵ȻһЦĵȴͮĻش𣡣
Ҫˣѵأ




2664ͮѡ
 

ĺǵϿգ
ܶ˶׵ĴҲľս
ϷħĹǲǲҪˣ
ħô׵ܹǿͱˣ
˼ҵڻĺúõģΪʲôΪħʵǿ᣿
ֵļһﾹȻֱҪħĹ¼֮ˣһһˡ
ⲻʲôأ
Ʒı֪ܴˣ
ͮûκεı飬ôĿס
һԵҲɫѿ˼㣬Ͼǵء
ֹӣ֪ίϾħƲ
֪ͮ¼ħ˵вͨ飡
ڲӦǰֹӣԼĻҪˡ
Ѿ
֪ͮԼѡֱӻƷ
ѲڻָǰΪħΧ
ʱܹγɶݵͬˣһ˱仯ͬȻǲƣ
Ϳӣ֮⣬ûκγֵļ
֮սû˭Ϊκһģ
ʵƷҲ࣬ȻƷڰ׵ϣôôұ֤һӮأ
Ʒ翴ŭһֵģˣڷһ㻹һִԲ򵨸幫ô·һ
ħĻʶƺ֮ǰ˵ֹһ˰ǽأȻĺܺãȴΪ׸⣬ʲôʸв
׵Ƿһ˿мЦһﵽڻ֪ˣ
ʵҲľҪնɱƷ磬ϾһնɱƷĻô۳ħ֮ܿͻйͬĿꡣ
ڵĵһҪǽ³죬ħ֮
ιϵǲߵģƷأ
ƷҪ˵ͮѾĸǰȻ׵ֹӣһһԸ񣬼ȻڿֹӣôȻǴ޵ĳġ
˵ˣֻһ
ƺˣĶͮã
ûĽ취𣿡
ͮ΢΢һ̾ʵôȫ
ʵǿ󣬿ƾһ˾ҪħԿ
޿ܣ
Ҫħ壬Ҳûôҳأ
Ȼ֮ͮǰһΪ׷ʲô˳
׹һЦѾ˵ˣʲôȱǹ¾ܹܵĻôƷҪΪΪӦеĴۡ
ֹӣԸöʮƷȡһ
ͮĲҪӦףһôħ嶪ӣһҲΪ׿ǣ
ֻû뵽һﲻ飬Щű
ͮҲЩᣬ֪ʱܹ̼ף
£Ҳħʧ棡
Ʒ翴ͮЩѵ˵鿴ȥЩ
壬ħĺǵĴնɱΪħ𣿡
ͮһʵ
⡭
ƷһЩƿԣ֪˵Щʲô
ʵ˿̵ƷЩˣ֪ǸֵǿӵŰĻ
ǸʱӦˣʱħ˵ܹռһЩˡ
ΨһûеģǱǺҩ
׿ͮޣǹʮ֮ڻܹһȷĻشĻôɾûĵȥˡ
ͮ׵ӣһı
һԵ巵㣬ҪҪȻҡҴӦɣлԼ
巣ԣͮҡҡͷЩʹ˵
ǽ㡭巻Ҫ˵ͮЩҵһЦ巵˵ʵ㲢Ը޸ǸˣȻħѣҲһѰɡ˱һ
һˮȴôҲ޲
ʵһв˼ҵĴο˼һأ
ԼĻͱˣҲᵽһ
ҪֻܹԼĻ˼̫࣬ûн˼ҵԼľ˰ɣ
ʱ䵽
ʵҲľҪͮ巽һ˼޸Լ
ħ֮ʵ
ôҪһƷħѣ
ѼȻˣǱǵˣ
ڵˣ״ûôģ
ľ棬ױҪħһ˶ϣǰŮһ޸ԼǱѪõİ취ˡ
ҡҴӦ㣡
֮ͮЩӣ
֣ͮ
ƷЩһ˵Ѳɲ֪ͮлԼ
ͮĿ׵һħȫɱĶˡ
ͲҪŴ˲ˣа취΢΢һЦ
壬ߣ
ͮ巴Ʒٵ뿪ط
һʱ䣬ĺǵϿռ˶ףȴû˸ǰ첻µزµˣ
׻ĳķȥ֮˶ȴ




2665赲
 

ã
״˿̴ЦݳҶޱķ˹ȥ
ãȴ鲻ˣ

λ𣬸оı裬޾裡
ղƷ綼Ѿôˣأ
ȻֵûˣΪСʵЩĺܣ
ħͫħСӶܹƽˣ׻ʲôԼ֪ģ
δ֪ıǿµģ
ȻҪ֣ȴ¸Ʒͬ顣
Сܹ壬ôЩ
Сݵʲôֵ֪ǹƥ˸˼ɣҶ
Ͼ˲ûвУ˵׻֮˽˶Թ
ǵʱҪ㵽ͷϣҲǲף
Լй˼ɵģο⻹ĵϡ
ʱһŭڶǿߣʱֱܹˣ
޿ܣ
ҫһֱԱ߿ţ˭ܹ֪ǲҪ벶ȸں
ȻĿǰλǿ򣬿ŷŵӰеĵѾûκεƿˣ
ˣ˵ʱΣȴҲһ˿ķŭ
ʵӿʼڸûκεʧѰòԼģҲԼġ
ȴ·ʧȥһޱȣ
ֻ˵Ľ㶼׵ϣ˭ֻȥעأ
ܶڶڲ²λǿߵһΪʲô͸˵Ĵ󵨸ħʹ˷
Զ
뿭ɽƺǰһĻˣ
٣ǡǼһﾹȻ˵ĿֲǲӦóˣ
뿭ɽ˿Ҳǵǲѣ֮ǰһΪֵСӲǾ֮飡
ڣ´Ҳˣ
ʿˮһﵽʲô·
⡭Ҳ֪ʵ̫ǿˣӦòʲô֮
뿭ɽҲһͷˮĿԶףкɲ
ʱĹСӣǻȻȥһ°ɣ
Ȼô˵뿭ɽѾӺεıпĿ־壡
һħУҵϷħ幫ˣ⵨ʶǳԽ̫̫ˡ
ôˣҲǰСˣ
ؼ˼Ҳˣҳɹˣµģ
ζӣ
˿̵ҲĿɿڴĿǰһС
ôҲû뵽ǸԼΪ֪ôļһȻħ֮˳Ա
ģ
Ϊ壬ǶħǳңǿħԱһĻΪˬ죡
״ˣǡλֹӾԲСﰡ
̾һû뵽ɽ羹Ȼҿ۵ʱ򣬹Ȼһһǿλֹӵȷд֮磡
ǰħ֮˵ƣ֮Ҳڶôİɣ
ЩǳӢһĿף˿̶Ȥ
˾ԲǷ֮֮ǰ˵ֶ𣿡
״ˣȷ֣
ЩɻĿԼĸףѲԼĸʶ˲ɣ
п벻ʲô˵ĵʵˣ
кȻðһˣԽԽпܣ
˿һο׵ʱҲ˸һ˿ʣ
ԼĸףҲһͷˮʵ״ˣĪֹ֪ӵݲɣ
ǲ²ѣӦð˾Ųʮɣ
ļٵİ״ˣ˭ҽʾ֭벻ʲôʱ˵أ
һԼĸ˵˰˾ŲʮҲ͵ʵ
ҲµĲĻӦ½۳ĵ۾ף֮ʵ벻˭˵İ
ľףΪɽܹʵ쳣֮ˣҲֻλͻȻĶ۾ˡ
˴ҲǸֳһĨ֮ɫǶ۾ǿҵż񰡣
֪Լȥ˼ҲˣǺǣΪҲǲ²ѣ
翴ԼŮ˵ļҲЦŵ
˿̿׵ıӰҲһļĪ
۾λ֮еĳǿߣû뵽Ȼ˵ᣬ˵İԵ
ΪһŮˣҫâһҲѾ˲
ĺǼ˶ţ˻µ׵ݡ
ʱףȴѾǺŷŵӰе˳ųķ˹ȥ
ҫ룬ײδܾΪ֪Լݡ




2666¿Ըһͳɽ磿
 

ĺǳ
ҫ׵Ѿ֪һԵŷŵӰΪ׽ˣҲ˳
Ȼҫһֱûж֣Ͼʥɽĳǿߣ
ټѾ֪׵ݣײδҫӡ
ҫ쵹³Ǳߣô˵Ҳǵòʧġ
Ҷޱδ֮У
ǵļҫ쿴鷿֮Ҳʣҫ졢ŷŵӰкˣ
ֹӣһĺǴչǿϲɺذ
ҫ쿴¶һ˿ЦݵΪѾԺԼһˡ
һԵŷŵӰйһЦֹӣҵѡȷģ
׹һЦسǫˣĳǱƲѡŷŵʥʹνһԿһޣȻĳӦİȻʳԡ
Ǳлֹˣ
ŷŵ֮иֳһḬ֮̃ɫһξԼǶĶˣ
ݣ
׵УѾǶһɽ
ʵɽԭǼƷֻӳһ棡
˼飬Ҳǰɣ
Ϥ֮⣬ɽ˱ĳ
׽ɽ͸ŷŵӰУˬһЦŷŵʥʹɻ⣿
ŷŵӰвģϸĹĦɽҲǸܵһ˿ĲѰ
ȲѰȻ֮ǰնɽһЩ𣬿ɲ𲻴
ŷŵӰпӦҲкл
֮ǰǱնɽĳɫҪҪһЩɡ
ôǰ
ŷŵӰЦЦлֹӣұ㲻λˡ
ŷŵϾʹһˣһ;׺ĿľΪ˵õ
ѾǵˣȻҲͣˡ
ŷŵ˲ʧ˳ڣҫ֮Ҳ˸һ˿ȡ

һﾹȻôֱӸŷŵӰˣҫЩԼʱûгˡ
ԼֵĻô׵ΣҲʱǰԼ
ڲ
˵֮ǰҫ컹ЩĻôڵǺĪˣ
ǱŷŵС˰
ҫĻ֮дһ˿ζȴһεĿס
׹һЦسҪĳȻҲϣ
۾а
ҫ쿴ף˵׵ݣ֮Ѿ̸ʲôܿˣ
ղŷŵӰߵʱҫ컹׵ݡ
ѾûҪˣ
׿ҫ쵭˵سĪΪǴֻɣ
ô˵۾ղŸĲǰ֮ǰǸնɽҲǰ
ҫڵĻһﵽôأ
ݸһЦ֮ǰеģȻǰŷŵӰлĲõֻһһ˿ļƷѡ
ļƷҫɻѡ
׵ͷسҪҲõĳ֪سһΪ£
⵹ǱҪѯʶ۾ˣ֪۾ĺǵΪ£
ҫ췴ʵȻ׵ûаˣôȻҲἰˣ
Ҫ֪ǣ׵Ϊʲôĺǣ
׵˵ȻسʣȻҲšĺǣǴǰһˡ
ǰ嵹Ǽ򵥣岻尡ҫ쿴ѵ
һȻ֪޴ȥһķѣϾ޻δȥ壡
ԭˣ۾Ǻ°ҫ΢΢һЦȻʵ۾ɽ۳֪ɷΪĳ󣿡
سڵ۳ҲȤ׿һҫ죬ʵĪسҪʵ³죿
ҫһЦĳ붫۾Ϭˣ
³ʥɽϵǳسĪҪ³ͷɣ
׵бһ˿ľ⣬ƺǻһһ㣡
ʥɽ֧۳ı԰׼Ϊ׵һϵĳŶ۾ڸ۳˺ƤʱӦѾ˽ĺ˰ɣ
ҫ쿴ף֮вһ˿ɫʡ
΢΢ҡͷ³ޱɱɣ޲ı˭ɱ񣬷𣡣
۾ǣֻǶ۾治ʥɽ׼ҵ𣿡ҫʵ
˻һɱҲ֮·ηηβ̸죿׵ĻԼİ
ҫЦ˼۾Ȼ죬ĳ
ˣ֪سԸһͳɽ磿
ҫЦֹʱ׵ʻֱҫЦȻֹ
˿ȥһȦ




2667²Ӳӥ
 

ĺǳ
ҫЩƵĿǰף˶㵲ѣ·оԼһ㣡
һͳɽ磿
ǶôΰĿ갡ҫʥɽλǿ˵ûġ
Ȼ飬˲ȦŹأ
Ҫ֪ʥɽУһ۳ʲô
Ͼʥɽڶ½Ե۳֮ϵĴڣ˵ǲĶ½ף
ʥɽҪͳ½ʲôѵ飡
Ҫ˵Ҫһͳɽ磬ǾͲ̫ˣ
ϾԱ塢ħʹ壬Ҳӵĳ֣
Ҫһͳǲܵ飡
۾֪˵ʲô
ҫ쿴ף֮ðһɾ⣬׵뷨ʵЩ񰡣
׿ҫȻ֪Լ˵ʲô
˵ûʱ򣬻ľѶȷǳĴ
ӵ棬̫ˡ
һͳɽ磬жٵǿ飬֪˭ɹ𣿡
ҫ쿴ףǿġ
ϾͳΪһ۾ɽʷϾ޽еĴڡ
ɾΪ۳ĵ۾һͳɽҲ¡
˵Ϊ۾ѶΪһٵĻôһͳɽѶһ
ٱѶȣ
ҫ׾ſڿӣڸһλʵҪǿſڿӣ
ҫȴδľ췽ҹ̷ǹ鵽ûԣ

ʵ̫
ҫ춼֪ԼΪʲôͷ˿üͷ
׿ҫЦŵسû֮ǰĻ֮·СȻ죬Ǿһ˶Ϊܵ죡
¡һĺǣŶ۾ҲӦø֮ܳǿ˰ɣ
ҫ˻ǱȽϵıصģҲǱȽϵĿף
˵֧ԼͰ׼ҶԿҫ컹Ļѡף
˼ѹҲûʲô׼ңֱӾһͳɽ磡
ֱʣɽҲûеڶ˸ô˵
ʥɽİ׼ңԸҲһͳ½ѣ
һͳɽ磬ҫ쿴ڳ˵һ㣡
ûгΪ۾֮ǰ˭Ϊ޻˶ݵʱڳΪ۳һأ
׿ҫ췴ʵ˵ʵҫ컹ǿȡġ
ȡҲǵˣ
ҫǰ׼ҵ˵Ļ֮ǰͲۻаԼ뷨ˣ
ҫ΢΢һ̾۾ţĳҲѣ˵ʵ۾ǱΪߣû֮һ
Ȼ˵ĻôسɷԸ޶һѣ׵Ȼ
۾һͳɽ˵ʲôֻ˵˵ʲôôأҫ쿴׳
ɽ磬ϣ
ҫ˵ʵΪʲôҪһأ
Ψһ뷨֤
һ𣬵ʱ͵ʴףԼԼȥˣ
ȨףǱҫҪ顣
Ȼ׵ʲôƣǶҫ˵κεĵƿ¶ˣ
һͳɽ磬ʷ
ͨ˵ȷǾ൱ջǶҫȲε˵ʵ֮⣬ûκʵԵĺô
ο׾ܹ֤νһͳɽܹɹ
˵ʧܵĸʺͳɹĸȣռȫ
سӦ֪ǳɹұΪɽĴ治𣿡׵˵
ֻɵĻĳö۾ѾҪ˵ˣ
ҫ΢΢ҡͷʷҫ˵ջ󲢲
ϾôˣǶϵĺпܾԼ
ķ̫ˣҪòʲôʵڵĶĻôΪνĺûбҪ
سǲӲӥ׵˵֪سҪʲô
Ҫģ۾»Ǹ𣡡ҫ΢΢ҡͷ
˵سôΪ޸أŵ˵
ҫһЦ۾ĳǷǳ͵ģĳӦ붫۾ĳҲΪ۾ͼΰҵİʯ
ҫһ̬ʵϵǱĸ˵Լ̬ȣ
׿ҫһЦس⣬ֻҪ˵óģа취ġ
۾Ӧ֪Ҫʲôɣҫ
ɽٳа취׵˵
㡭˵ʲô
ҫɴԼӿףСʲôţⴵ
һʱ䣬Щ




2668ǿѰ
 

ɽٳ
Ȼô˵ҫţ
Ҫ֪ɽ簡˵Ƕɽٳˣٵһ˿ĹǷǳѵ飡
ҫĿףԼʥǿߣȻСӸˣˣ
ԭ͵գһ˲ƺͻȻˣ
۾Ϸˣĳк˼
ҫɫ䣬ƺʱпܳһ㣡
׿ҫӣǷƵ˵سô֪ûа취أа취ֵΣ
ߣа취ĳԸΪĳӣ
ҫøܣȻҪթҲԲˣ
ã޵ȵľس仰Ц
۾˵ĿЩ磬ǽ춫۾òĳŷĶǿĳ
ҫϾʥǿߣǶ۳ĵ۾Σ
ֻҪϷˣԼˣǾͱ
ʥǿߵϣκ˼̤
Ѱã
ҫ컰֮ʣѾѰóҫĸǰ
۾ҪһֻѰİɣҫ
΢΢ҡͷѰã޿֣֮
ʵѰý֮ױѪ֮ǩԼ
˶ѰãѰҲܳΪѰ
ѰãֻһˣǱף
ѰȻ󣬿ҲǶɽ֮˶ѣҫѾٵһ˿ķĻΪΪ˵ĳӣ
ҫԼ̬ȣѰ͸ԼҲô
سαز֮أƺû˵ɣЦŵ
ãĳҪúÿ۾Բ˵ģҫ˵
Ѱãȥ
׶һԽСɰֻСӵѰ׵֮󣬻һ߲֮Ҳʧ˵ĸǰ
ʲôȥˣѲͲ˸߲ɣ
ҫ첻֪׺«浽ʲôҩҲɻʵ
سƺЩϵĺöسȻ裬ǲһΣ
׿ҫ죬ҲЦ
̤Ьٴȫѹ
ԭ֮ǰѰȥѰһеʯʲôط
û뵽ȥȻ棬ֱѰøԼ֮ͨŷֳڹ㳡Ĵһ鿴ͨľʯ
ʯǿ֮
ʵʯӦ֮еɽģټʯı汾һ
Լӵ֮˲ϸ̽ҲǷֲ˵ģ
ѰãԼȥͨԼʶһһεȥѰң
ķѵʱҪڶĶĶˣ
ʲô
ҫ쿴ô˵ҲЩɻ
ԼĸʲôöȻܹλ۾ķۣһԼ֪ģ
Ҫ֪ǼƷⶫ۾գһ۾
ɼⶫƺҪ⼫ƷҪأԼôͲ֪أ
ಣ
ӰѾǳ˳Ĺ㳡֮ϣѰΧŹ㳡мǿι״ʯͷʱҫЩסˣ
ǿʯͷǶ۾еĺö
ʯͷҫ֪ģ˵ʯͷǰ׼ҵ͸Լĺ
سΣЦе˵
ʯͷʲôͬ𣿵ҾǾʯͷЩ죬ܲĴڣԲŷ˸ѣ
ҫ쵹Ҳʵڣȷǿûκε⣬Բģ
Ȼⶫǰ׼͵ģûǾûã
˰׼ҵСԼôأ
ǽһεἰҲһεע⵽ⶫ
οһλѰãз
ʯΪʯ֮̺żΪǿسܲˣ
׵˵ҫѾǳ׵ɵˣ
֮۾֪ĪѰѰ֮Ĺܣ
ҫ֪ΪʲôѰóˣѰôǿĹܵĻô֮ǰ˵ˣ
س֪˴֮Ҳͽͣ޸ղ˵а취ʱͿռķΪԼİ취κ˶ûС׵˵
һң޷ֺţ
ʲô취ҫ켤ĿףѾ˴ˣ
ܣ׵˵
۾ȻصĺܣҪĳķڷٵ۾Ӧá
ҫһж׵˵ҲûʲôʵĶ
ˣ
ҫ컰أΧȻоѹһ
һ̣ҫѾųһO͡




2669³װݷҫ
 

֮򣡣
׵ΧһɽĿռ䣡
ҫΪѾﵽʥ磬ʱͿռķҲʼ
һƬռ֮УԸܵһʱͿռ֮
˵֮ǰ׻ЩĻôͻȻ˼ѾԼһˡ
֮
ǰĶ۾Ȼӵһ˿ķ֮
ҫԼҲǸܹȷ֮ܳķ֮ҪϪĻôǰȷ֮ˣ
Ҫ֪֮Ǽǰٷ֮ٵ̤ˣ
Ҳһ־
⡭Ƿ֮
ҫ쿴ףϳֳһĨ֮ɫ
ƺǲ׾Ȼܹ˹
׵˵֮ǺǣҲôɡҲ޵̣سΣ
ҫʿˮĺȷ
֪˼ֻԼĸǰչʾһ¶ѣ
Ȼ֪Ϊʲô׻ӵǿչʾ֮ҲǼ
һ̣ӵһȷķǣ
Ϊʦ
κһ綼ˣȻ۾ʵԼ˼ȴѾ˷
ֻҪ䷢չһʱ䣬˼ҵʵǲľͳԽԼ
Ҫٶȣɽ˭Ҳ˵ԼܹԽˣ
̶̵ļǧʱ䣬˼ѾǴĵ۾ֱһԾΪ˵۳ĵ۾
Ҹͳ۳ɲǴİ
񣬶۾ǺҪһͳɽ磬ҫڲ֪˼Ҹڿ亣ڣпʵְ
ҫݼ׺Ȼ乪ȭҫ칧ʥ
ӭسҶ۳绢
ҲЦʵ֪ҫ컹Ǎ`ˣǵõӦĺôȻǻ᳼ģ
Ǎ`ڲռ䷨֮һɹʵ¾ͻҫ֮ϣ
ҫǵõԼİôʵҲһ¥
ֻڻôҫ˷磬Ͼɽ绹кܶҪԼ
ȵʱ֮ԼɽľԻõ벻ĺôģ
ʥϣһЩҫ쿴Щɻ˵
Цŵس޷
ɽ֮Уƺֻдﵽɵ۶֮ˣл֮ʥϵʵӦûûдﵽɣôᡭ
ҫɵĿףҲҪʵ顣
Ϊص˵ʵҲʹȻ֪سǷǵһˣ
ʥʾ
ҫ쿴ףҲǹ
ȻʥɽǿߣˣҲѾ֮ĶԶģ
ҫΪԼδΪسŵӦԼԣ
ŷұӣ΢΢һЦ
ŷұӣŷұǰͷ𣿳ʥϷɽҲǧʱ䣬ƺûκεĽɣ
ҫһͷˮĿף׵ĻЩͿˡ
׵ͷҲ˵ʹȻɣڱ۳żȻ˲
׿ʼĸҫ콲Լŷұӵ飡
ʵϣⲢ֮һҪһʵʵڵɣ
ŷұʦһƷȴһԲ˵ķ
ԭˣʥ˰
Ȼ
ҫ֮ҲǻȻǿߵķȻĪˣ
еһҫ쿴Ϊŷұӣʦˣ

ҲɽΪҪһ棬Ȼ˼Ҷ۾˵ǿҫ컹ʲôأ
ҫһҲϣȴû˼ôţ
ʱҲҲ
˼ѾһЩʱͿռ䷨ԶԼ
ԼҪĶɽٳ񣬸Ŷ۾ûˣ
ЦЦڱ˵ʯǶ˵ûκεãǶ˵ȴŷǳá
ʥ㣬³Ҳ֪ⶫйذɣȻʥҪǱȥˣ
ҫڵ̬ȸ֮ǰѾȫ
ɽ֮ˣѡҲˣ˵ҫΪ۳ˣҲǸȡѣ
ײһҪҫΪԼİֻ֣³Ѿ׵˺
ҪʥɽԼʥɽʱڲԸԼ
ҫ졢Ǎ`
Ϊʵһѡ
ҫһЩƬǸҫһ棬ĿҲǲԶˣ
֮ûסС𡢷ۻ˺ֿݵĺǵı࣡
ΪͨĴĺǵıߡ




2670µִ
 

ĺǱ࣡
׵վһرصĵطԲ֮ڸ˵ҿ
Ϊĺǵĺڣ
ͨ塢ħ塢ʹĴĺǵĶ࣡
ͨ࣡
Ϊһ½Ҫ;һ㶼ͨ
˻˵Ľֱӽƻ
ʵƻĲô׵飬Ϊ⴫ǿ߲µĴ
ɽ֮˻Ʋǿõķ
ȻˣһǾǸ弸ҲǴһǱǾ⴫ζƻ
ΪⶫһƻˣǾ˿޸ģ
ϾҪ޸⴫ǿɾҪǿĿռ֮Ϊ֧ŵġ
ɽ磬ȥѰӵпռ֮ǿأ
ǰǰĴ󣬳ֻܻʥϵˣ
ҫ쿴׺һԵļˣҲЦŵ
ãǱʲô仯׵ͷȻʵ
ʥӦûȥɣǱʵֻȺΪɹЩѣһεĴҲ͵ǣ
ҫЦŵҲĵĸ׽͵
һԵķۻЦŵҲ֪ʲôˣ仯Ӧòܴ󣬵ʱȥ˾֪ˣ
ҲЦŵǰʱǱ߱߿£廹ǵĵ̰
ҫ΢΢ҡͷλȻʵҲΪǿᣬλҲӦ֪֮иơολôóȻĻȥʱ²һܵ
˭ңŭһ
ʵϣҲףһĲȻʵǿᣡ
ɾҫ˵ĸ֣ǻ治Ƕ֣
֮ǰƷĶսͷۻ˵Ҳǳ׶ʶʵʵ
˵ǰǻԼţĻôǰԼλˡ
װڰֵس˵ɡ
ҫͷǸĺûʲô𣬲ĺɽĽгȻ֮ɹģȴֲĺǵ֮һ
ţ½ȻģҲģ׵ͷ
ڣҲгˣĺбǳĲҵǳƣʱʲô˵Ļֱҳĵܵҫɣ
ҫ쿴ףôȥȻҪһʧУ
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һͳɽҫûʲôȤɶɽٳȤɾʹ˰
ãȻ˵ĻǾɡǳ
״һӣȥҲ֪ᷢʲô飬˵̫Ҳûκε壡
һҪ׵Ҳǲܵģ
󣡣
ʵϲӣѶʵעռ֮
׶⴫ȻȤҲûйȥŪЩ
վڴĸǰҲ΢оһ£
󷨿
һǰ׹ڴϿɢҫ۵ĹâָоɷͨĿռ籩
ֻɷͨĿռ֮ȣҪͺܶˣ
ʱӰѾʧ˴֮У
Ҫ֪ÿһοǱҪĲٵʯģ⴫ƺֿǵɽأ
󷨵ʯʯ
Ⲽ֮ˣҲи˼ϸˣĻҲĿǵġ
Ҫ֮ĻôҲˡ
Ϊɽ֮еʵ֮٣
ǣ
½࣬ĺǸ
Ȼˣмĺ֮Ĵ½Ҫϲ٣ԸǸ϶ǲˡ
ǣȥҲǲӰ׿ƻֺĳУҲ̾˵
Ҫ۹ģĻǱ֮ĺǿҪϲٵġĺǵĽ֮ǾͲͬնˡȻģɽҲֻܹŵڶ
ۻƺǳϤҲЦŵ
ȻѾĵ̣Ǹøȥ͸ȥɣЦŵ
ʥأۻ˺ȻоЩ˼ˡ
Цŵİɣһҿ϶ǻȥġ
ǡҾȳ˰ۻͷ
׵ͷҵݱܣ⡣
ۻ˵ͷһԵĻҲǸŷۻһ鳯߼۶ȥ
Ȼ֮ۻ˿Ƶܶ࣬ʵҲǼΪеġ
һԵСҪ˵ЦŵҲҪȥһ忴ǰɣ
磬ʲô鶼ס㰡ȻڻɹɡұϾǳһˣСͷҡҲ̽һԼ
ţǵһվȥһɣڴ֮ǰȥĺһˣѯһһ嵽ʲôطΣ
ʵϣʣµˣ֪Ķǳϡ١
СͷֿһεĽ֮Уһ˳ĺеķ˹ȥ




2671۸ʵ
 

ĺУ
еΪΪǿ֮һĺмҲǵλĸߵģ
״ҪΪ˸ҫĵܵҫӴһ£˳һһЩ
ãӭĺУĺеĽӴأʲô԰ﵽ𣿡
׸ոսĺУһλŮѾĸǰ
صŮʵҲڣ
ڶ½ʲôʳ֮еĻҲǿԻķˮġ
ŮӽﵱһԱֻ˵ÿ˵ѡһˡ
Ȼˣɽ֮Уһڸ߲εƽ̨Ҫȥһƽ̨ĻЩӦġ
Ȼ߼ƽ̨ΣϵпԸ涼Ӳ١
ǻͬҲ˺ܶ࣬οӴȺҲһˡ
Цŵ㿴˳˽һ߿𣿡
˽𣿡ؿʵ
ʵϣû࣡
صʵҪ˵廹ĻǳǴ˵ʵҪС
һܹǻķˮˣĸʵǿģ
׵Ļرܵһ¡
Цŵͬһ壡
ԭҲİʲôҪ˵Ǳ˭Ҳװ
رܵΪǳէӦǹʲôġ
Ͼǣʮа˾Ŷǹġ
׵ͷлع
ӲؿǱȽϵ⣬ĺǡߵλҲߣԵ۸ΪǸӦŽ
ЦŵԸͦõģ˵Ҳͦģ
׵ͷȻʵʵҪһ¹һ֪ʲôط
һ壿ߵҲ̫Զ˼˵λǾҪԼȥѰˣĪҪأǿ̫Σ˰
û£һ嵹һѣһҲΪɵģ
ײƴڻ˵ЩȻǽˡ
ЦŵԭˣɣҸһݵͼݵͼλã滹һЩΣԹЩġ
ŶĳҪлعˣЦŵ
ֺǺǵ˵һݵͼѣֲʲô챦Ȩǽ¡һֹԺпչĺأ
Ǻǣ㵹ͦⰡЦŵ
أ
غĵĿĵʱһ޵صı˳
С㣡
һˣҲŵһ£Ѿû֮ǰֻ죡
üͷŲԶǸֺŮӣܵЩˬ
أĺǸ㽻ѵĵط𣿼ֱ֣Ǹ˽㶼ҪһᣬĺлҪҪ˰
СƺطǳĲˬǱܡ
غôҲӴˣȴƫƫҪص鷳
С㣬λֹֻǡҪһ£ȴһ˵ڡ
λСԣǰλֹѹҲû
ֻʲôڱС˵㶼ǰɣ㲻ؼ֧һСѣ֪𣿡
λСǳѾŵЩ֨ˣ
죬ʲôô
λСոշſȴһȥӣ
ڹСΪԼмɫͲˣ
죬ҲǸղŵλС㣬ǰǸṫӵļ仰Ѿ˵֢ᣡ
ʣ
Ů֮еּʣس˵ԸҲǳĺá
ƽʱӦúܱ˵ĴС㳤ЩһˣЩӥǣ˸оһֵֹģ
վӣ
׻ֵʱ򣬾ͻ֪˸¼ҵ񴺮йϵˣ
˰ٺ٣ٺˡ찡αظһأ
ϸֳһ˿âһԵЩɪɪĸо
ƺǰλǳĺ£
ԼܽõġİЦǺǵʵ
£˳㿴һδ̩ɽ΢΢һЦ
״¥̸أһұ֪ͨ˿̿ȥЩСһ㣡
ŶȻ̩ɽ£ǲǲ֪ߵغСū澣
ŶأҲǸֳһĨЦ
عǵûнɣĺвôӴ˵İɣ
شʧɫֻǾ׼ĵʱһȴ




2672Ե
 

ৣ
ĺеĽӴԱһ̶ǽĿⶨߣ
ԭΪС¹ӳҪԸأ϶û˸ġ
Ͼ壬ĺҲͷϴ󼶱ģ
ټ¼ңǸЩ޵еĸоˣ
ֻû뵽Ǹո߽ƺ֪ߵغҪΪسͷ
кϷˣ
һӣܶ˶ͣе飬תƵˡ
Сӣǲǣ
ԭΪԼ仰غһԵһﵨˡ
û뵽һﾹȻû㣬ΪС˳ͷ
ⲻǳô
ҲЦһ̸ҹȥ
ֹӣҪˣԼԴġ
ЩĿף˵ʵ׵İûκεİп𵽷ã
ؿֻҪԼ΢һҲ͹ȥˣ
׸ղŵһֱԭֻҪС¹һӻðɣ
Сˣ⹴˵ı»ǲСôҰΪͷˣǶ׼ҵ棡챾СҪؼҶмҷź򣡡
˵Ļᣬŭһ
׵˵ĺгôģֱ棡
㡭˵һ飡
û뵽һﾹȻ˵ĵز
ĺеıؼҰһҲǣ˭ؼҼӣ
ǣ˵عֻǽӴһ£⻹ûнأͱ䳰ȷģôΣĺоôۿ˵𣿡
ҲЩǶĺʲô
ֻνСʵЩ̫ڸղŶԼͦأҲ˳ְһ¶ѣ
Ӵ㣿ҿɧӲַˣʲôýӴģжԶҹԶô㣡
ɫǺ죬˵˵ĺеĲǣҪǱԼĸ֪ˣҲⲻһٳ
ǰһʲôɫЩģ
ֹӣǿ߰ɡ
һֱ뿪ʵҲ֪߻ң
Ҳһ·ģԼͼѾǸˣû뵽˻ͦأ
ߣΪʲôҪߣԭһ֣˿ζƺ̫ܰ
šκ˶ͷġ
֪׵ǺҲڻΪԼռ˶أ
һԵ죬СҿǳĹҵģ챾ٵҪʲô
˭˵Ҫˣײм˵
ţҰҵ˺ȥ
һ׾ȻҵϷˣԼҲŭա
һԵҲ˵ȥֱɱˣţ
˴ҲŵЩʧɫ
ʱԼĸǰôһжΪԼ
ϾԵԼֹӣ
һǸȻ
ؽĿף֪ӦôȰˣ
˵ĺеǸˣΪУȻֻϲﶷʧ͸
Сӣʹ컰Ͻ˵ҪȻһɾûл˵ˣ
ϸֳһĨȻɱƺѾڱˡ
ҫ
׵仰˲ĺ䳡ԭڿֵһӶ
ҫǿĺĸˣҲʥɽǿҫĵܵܣ
ʵȻҫ죬Ҳǿƿֲ
㡭㾹ȻֱҸ״˵䣬ֱŭɶʾһԵǰ
飡
˻δôµʱȴԭΧ׵ļѾֱӱɳȥ
Ȼû֣Щ˿ȥҲǼΪң
춼סˣһﻹǲҪĽడȻĺж֣
ñһ㵽ǺηʥĺжֵģûлŴ߳ȥģ
͸һӵâɱȫ
׿һ㻹˵˵һ飬ҫҲĺС
Բѣȥɣ
ֱӳ֣Ľƺղŵǰһ޶
¡
ʵɻʾڶѣδﵽɵ۾磡
׵νĶֶ֮ϣ
һ˲䣡
ĺѻȸ˵з·Ǳʲôסһ㣡
ԭΪһȴû뵽Ȼһͷޣ
ߣ˭ĺ˷
˴֮ʣһȴһ˿Եɤ˵ĶС




2673½֮
 

ҫ
һǳ˵ĸǰ
֮ǰԭڸ̸ףû뵽Ȼ˸ĺ£
ҫʮֵķŭԭĺһʱЩѡ
ĺе̬ԽԽӣڳ飬ҫܵΪǰ£
ҲЩһǲ֮һЩɫĻǻĵűˣ
ֻǵҫ֮ȴֲ֮£ˣ
ҫŭգ۸ҲˣϾ˼ҵĵ̣
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ҫĺǵĸҪĹǴƿĺзֲ
Ͼûǿ廹ָҪôǵͷأ
㶯֣ҫʵ
״ˣִǵĻǰˣɵøǼ
һѱһĿԼĸףҲǿߵ
ҫüԼŮûгΪҫŮҲһЩ
״ˡЩˣҫڰֵΪԻᴦ°ɣ
ǡ
ԹĿף֮гֻζ
أ⵽ô£ҫƺԼŮһԵ
峤ˣ⡭һжصĴŵĺ˵
ʵϣ첻ԣ˵ʲôأ
˼ѪŨˮ󻹲Լù
Ļһµһˣ
ظǰĺ׵ģŮͷľع²Ǵ֮ɣ˽ӴҵˣǾǱҲɣ
׿ذԼҲһԵ
죬ô𣿡ҫĺѾǽͷöˡ
ԼŮʱ򻹽ĺеĨڵĻľͲ֪ôˣ
쿴ԼĸԴǵ˵״ˣŮôܻôأ£֪ģʵǿȥ˵ѣû뵽СӾ͸蹷һҧˡ
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ӸղŸԼŮصĶԻһ׵˵֮ҫϿжϳôˣ
ҫ֮ˣοô˫۾أ
˿ɶǿģʱһˣĺеʵǿ˼Ҳܲǿеű˹ɣ
ҫô޷ǾǸһΰѣ
һΣǣظѲɲһ˵𣿡
˵
ҫһҲסˣСǲ̫ű˰
ԼѾʮֵˣСӻˣ
ղԼĸ˵Ҫһߵʱ׼˵
û˵ȴСȴչʾԼһˡ
Լĸ׶ŹˣȻ֪ܵĸԼĸҪһ˵ֱɵȱеս
Сӷ˰ɣȻҸظҪ˵
˵ʵСҼһ
ظƽѾոˣû뵽һﾹȻ˲Ҫ
ʵ˵һһʼռģھռҲûˣ
һЩ׳һĿףǲ֪Сӵôģ
һλɽ綥ǿҪ˵˼ҿܻ
СӣҼΨһһô˵ˣյҪҪʲô˵
ҫҲŭЦ֮ڵðһɱ⣡
ܼ򵥣عһ˵ŮνδŮڵǸˣ׵˵
ش˿ѾŵĻʧɫǰԼǰԼư
ߣ˵ΣȻ㲻ߣǾͲҪˣ
ҫԭΪĲˬ˵ƣһ
һŵģҫŭɶ˵
ǣظӦûӦģ
˵꣬׵֮жһöڰ棬ܿһεʧ˵֮У
ٶ̫죬ܶ˶ûзӦĹ
ԴӦ֪¿ɷһ˵
ҫһ㶣漴˴۾ķΧ˵һ仰
һǿҫҲòͷˣԿؼӵŶôǿˣ




2674صķת
 

峤
ؼȨ֮ڣӵ峤ƵˣǱؼҵĹͣ
ؼҵ峤Ʋֻһӵкܶ࣡
ؼ峤ҲҫΪɫ֮⣬ĻΪܶɫ
ʵЩνɫıǼ
мߵǱǽɫɫ峤һԺؼҡ
ֻؼҵĽɫһֱûκˣΪؼҿɽûʸؼң
һγˣҳֵôͻȻ
˸֪ؼƵʲôص㣬ΪؼҸ߲֪ܣ
һ£׾óʵҲûжã
ʶƣҲΪʲôղҫûгʱײδóһԭ
ֻҫһŵؼҽ֮ҲĿɿڴ
Ȼ֪ǰ֮˵ݣ֪ûܹԼĴָ֮ȡɫƣ
ΨһĿԱԼĴ˵ģ
ԭΪ׿϶ˣǵԼҵ峤Ȼ׽һ˵ʱҲȦˣ
ܲ˵Ŀ¾ˣԼ˱ˣԼĸ׾ȻӦԼǸ˵Ǹ
Բܣ
ֱǶԼ裡
ȻΥԼĸ׵һǾ˵״ˣôܹҸǸСˡ
ž
ҫֱһƺϣΪ̫㣬ڵѾؼҵ𣿡
ףҡֻǡ
ίԼĸ׾ͷ·ǿһİһ㣡
Լĸ״СɶûдԼһ°û뵽Ϊһİ˾ȻԼˣ
ѾЩܲˣ
οڵô˵汻ˣܹܵأ
ԭҫȷһ׵֮ԼŮǸŮصǸģ
ʵǸҫҲν飬鲻ÿ֪˭˭
һؼϵСѾͷôҶԵϵĴСأ
ڼҫʵصӡһֱǷǳĲüԼŮصǸҲν飡
ҫ˵ؼҸ峤صǸ
״ˣɱңҲܸС˵ǸģҲš
һԵظ峤û㣬Ҹؼҵһϵ֮˵Ǹֱ¼ң
һ飬ǸǲǸ
ҫߣһɺϮ鲻ԽЩ
״ˣ⡭⵽Ϊʲô춼ˣղνʵǼٵġ
ΪҫŮĲҪ̫󰡣
ûйأֻʲҪԼĸ׶Կ
ôҲû뵽Լ׵̬Ȼ˵ļɱ
ˣδԼĸ׶Լ˵ǿӲ
ؼҵĵ£¼ҵΣҫŭһ㲻ǸǱܣ
£
һҫһı仰ҲǱܵˣ
״ˣδŮ쳹׵±ˡ
Լ׵ķһжΪǸСӣΪʲôأ
ؼȡ¼
ҫƺģղһ׵ļŭλؼҵĶң
׵סˣƺŷӦղԼ̬Щˣ
ءظ峤ҡҵǸҵǸ𣿡
ֱӳصķ˹ȥȻһ
ЩʧɫæڰֵҪˡ
Ҳûа취ݺݵĵһȻݺݵ˵أԲ𣡡
Ȼ̶̵֣ȴ˵ҧгݣ
ظǾúһķλСԺӿˣ
ֻЩֵǣǸ˵ʲôͷ
Ȼܹ˶̵ʱø峤˸ıԼ̬ȣСδĹүԼǸ
ڴؽĺǷֲƹ񣬽ڱ֮£ֱܱ쵼κ˲ƹ֮ϣ
ҫĿ⻷ܣĺڵ˶һĿɿڴ
峤ݼƹ񣡣
ܿ죬Щ˱㷴Ӧ˹
ص˿̻ûзӦһеô£оϵ¸ڱһ㣡
ҫһԵ΢΢һЦӣ¥һ𣡡
׵ͷҲҪѯһظ峤롭
˵꣬һĿɿڴʧ˵ڡ




2675𾪵ҫ
 

һУ׺ҫʧĺеĴ֮У
ܶ˶֪һеô£
ΪƵĿ¾ˣ˴˿̻ЩȦ״̬
ȻˣΪȦĿ»ˣ
ԭֻϵһСѾͷѣʵǺǿһֱҲûеõ㹻ӣ
ôҲû뵽ȻĺԼͷϣ
ĺǷֲƹ
ݼǵϵ֮ҲǳԻãϵ֮ˣ
νһ죬Щԭ֮ԱǵЩˣ˿һĵĿµλ½Ĵƹ
Ҫ֪ƹҫ֮Ҳˣ
һеĽ⼸ǿģȨ
ڵؿЩƽʱһֺȴһΧԼߵЩˣĿȴ׺ظ峤ʧķ
ŵǣԼʲôĹˣ
һʧ̱ϣһԵɫҲѿ˼㣡
ʲô취أ
¼ʥɽȻʵǳǿᣬɸؼȻǲһЩ
ǵˣ¼ԭͲܴԭΪʵզΡ
Сӳĵ൱˧һǷ꣡
ÿż£⣬Ͼ쳤Ϊһ㡣
쿴׷ԼΪԼѰҵ氮
һȥ˸ıһ
ҫһֱҲһֻ۱һֻۣϾٻһ¼ҵϵݡ
ټԼŮҲķҪˣȻ֪⣬Ϊ˲ԼŮʧҫǿӦ
һΣҫҲǽ׵ĴԼǰʧˣ
˵ʧֻ֪ҪرҲѾǲ̫ˡ
Ϊ½ĺеĴƹǿרԱģοƹݴĿؼҡ
ΪؼҵĵϵҲô
ĺеĶ㣡
ҫ֮һĨ֮ɫδɢȥȻ֪ǰСӾԲԼҵð䡣
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һΪĽɫƣҫһֱףƺҪ˾Ǻηʥ
ӹգҫ׶֮ջȿ˿ڣ
ף
ֱӽԼ˵˳
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˼ҵݶŪ׵ĻʲôӦ˵ʲôӦ˵Ҫ˼ˡ
س˵ˡ׵˵
⡭ȷģԸղֹӵĳҲǲ۲۵ˡֹ֪ӿɻ⣿
ҫϸĴףȻô˵иǺɲ
˾ʲôˣΪʲôԼĴ羹ȻԴ˵ľأ
ղ˵֪ԼĴ˵ġ
ֻ˵ʲô·
׿ҫ΢΢һЦ˵ղŲؼҵļ£ҲֲҲֻ֡ƣҲǿȥˡ
ǣŮҹ߻ˣԺĳһϼӹֹ̡ܽӣˡĳðһ䣬ֹ֪ôҴʶģ
ҫףĿĶţƺŹκһ顣
ԹԵһһڵҫȻΪҵˣ
㡭˵ʲô
𾪣
ҫûһڿˮϢҫ˵ʵ̫ˣ
ظĶЩʹǺǡҾظһ飬سѾΪΪҵˡһظ𣿡
֪Ϣҫһʱỹܲˣ
Ͼؼҿɲһļ壬ǿʥɽλĳ尡
ҫĭֹӣ㡭ĪǸĳڿЦɣ
Ȼҫô˵ƺоǳĹ죬ڤڤ֮һָоġ
˵ĵҫʵ벻ͨԼĴΪʲôô
ؼʥɽνңڣͻȻΪôҲ˵ͨ
ƺûбҪظЦɣ
׿ҫһһ־µƣ
ü֮һĨţ˭óǷǳƶԼĻ
ҫһ㶵ޣף㡭Ƕ۾
ǣظҲЩ˽⣡׵ǳԼݣ
ҫ֮г֮ɫûû뵽ȻǶ۾ֻһеô£
ԺسʱһȻ޽ǰʡ
ײδҫͣЩȽϵ鷳
ҫ˿ƺҲû˻ɣȻ֪м䵽׷ʲô飬ڿ⼫пġ
룬˼ҵؼҵĽǣ
۾ʡҫоЩŤ˵
֪ظ֪һںδȻõ˵ͼҫӦ֪ĸһЩ




2676񱦲
 

һ壿۾ΪʲôһСС壿
ҫЩƵĿףԭһӣΪҪֲء
û뵽ⶫ۾˰죬Ȼֻһһ壡
ʵЩҫо˼
Ͼһ֮ƽӹ֮ΪһʵЩͣ
ν޵ҲǾԵģǼ˶֪һҪǲܵ飡
ԣһֻĴڣΪûжֵĴ!
Ȼʵǲɻʾ۷ǿҲǷǳĶࡣ
һɵǿߣɱеɻʾǿˣ
׿ҫһԨԴҲǣԳûȥݷһ£
ԭˣ۾Щˡ
ҫĻҲüͷ΢΢ʲô˼
ԡп飡һʵǲǺԶǵȺɽĳش
ҫףҲǳ
ղظ޵ĵͼѾעһŵλˣղظνʲô˼
׿ҫѲһ屻˲ɣ
˵ĻСҲñ
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ײδ壬ҲЩɻ
ҫ΢΢ҡͷʵҶһЩ鲢Ȥ֮ĺҲûбȻĹϵֻ˵Ϣʲô黹Ĳ֪
ţʵΣƺЩ˼άԾһʵ
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ҫһεĵͷȻ֪ȸһ峤ɵŮġֻСϢ˵ƺϣ޸壬ɱҲǺ°
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ҫٺһЦƺ崫֮е񱦲йأ
񱦲أʲô
һҲȤҪ֪Ѫ
˵˵Ĵ嶯֣׶ں彻ֵǿġ
ϾѪѹһѪĴڣ
ʲô񱦲أҲЩˡ
ǼҲǿֲĴڣ
񱦲أĶ¶ԼĪİİ
۾֪񱦲أҫЩĿףû׾Ȼ֪Ϊıأ
Ҫ֪Ҳˣû˵
ҫεЦЦʵ񱦲ؾǵµıأⱦصʲôطʲôǾͲˡµıôܲأ
ղ˵誵ĳ޸񱦲йأ⵽ô£׼ʵ
ĳҲֻ˵ѣһġҫЩε˵
׵ͷѨδظ˵ǡ
ðɣ񱦲طǳأܶĴŶϡ˭Ҳ֪ĸĸǼٵģϾ񱦲ؾ˵ֻѪܹҫ
û˵ظȸһ񱦲ʲôϵ
ҫԭһԣҲд˵ҪĵϵѪȸһĵϵѪͬʱȡѪܹĿ񱦲أ
ȸһʵĿĲΪ˲ʳȸһĵ̣Ϊ񱦲ضˣ׳ʵ
֮ɣӦǳ񱦲ȥģһõأ¾ĳΪˡ
ҫף֪ĲҲôˡ
׵ͷеջ񣬶лظ
ҫҡҡͷʵҲûаʲô̫æ۾已ҪСһЩĴǲĴڰ
ǲ𣿣ƫƫҪһ¿׺ٺһЦʵظ֪񱦲صķλ




2677±
 

ҫҲЩΣ
λ֮첻µزµĶ۾Ƿǳѱ
ǲƫƫҪǣ
Ҳֻλ۾ܹ˵óڰɣ
еʶʱΪܣⶫ۾ƫƫ֮ʵЩ⣡
ҫ֪ԼĴҫλ۾ô£
Ҳһֻ۱һֻۣԸ־ȥɣ
񱦲ؾ˵֮أλþͲö֪ˣôһֱҪ񱦲أƺǲ÷ţ
ҫ׵˵ҲǴţ
嵽ûпأⱦصںδû˾֪
ûа취񱦲أҲ˴ţҪȸһĵϵ׳ԼľѪˣ
ƺЩȻ򣬱ϾѪһλ˵ʮֵҪġ
һξѪҪǧʱܹĻָ
οȸһΪʲôҪ忪񱦲أ
Ȼҫ֪ܣȸһô֪ܲأ
ֻȸһȻͬ飬˵϶һЩΪ֪飡
ҫͷܶǿ߶ô²ģʵһһǣŸġһõ񱦲أν绢һ㣬ʱ¼嶼ƺˡ
⵹Ȥˣ޵Ƕ񱦲ҲЩȤҪȥոְ
ݸһЦ񱦲ԲǷƷģ
ο׻κ˶еҪĶԼʵ
ɽѾʣôʵҲΪԱ
ʥɽ׼ң
³챳ȥĻôʱҲǺ
ɲϣģ񱦲صϢ׵˼ȻҲǻ
ҫһ׵ĻҲǾ㵵˵۾ǧҪ嶯񱦲ض˵Ǿ죡κ˶Ⱦָһ۾ˣǵʱ¾ǲݵľ桭
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׿ҫʵ⵹ǽҫסˡ
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׵Ļ˵Ҳеģ⵹ҫһʱЩƿԣ
ܿҫһε˵۾ɲ壬Ȼܶ͡ǶԸƺһ£˴ȸһҪԵĿɲĳһ尡
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ң⡭
ҫжˣԼߵĻԺ˻ŪԼ
׵ĻǱԼĻ
ĻôΥؼҵѵˣ
Ҳҫϣ飬ҲҲƺסˡ
ˣظҲΪѵġʱ¾ˡ
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ҫεЦЦȻĳԱƣ붫۾͹⡭
Ͳˣһǰһ壬޵ݻϣظܹ
׿ҫҲǵ
ҫͷ붫۾ģĳȻκ˵ĳǾ仰˷֮ж۾ౣأ
ǣ
ûκεķϻΪڵСѾЩˣ
ĺǷֲ
һֱڵȴף׳ԭ˼Ҵкš
ǿɫҴҵ뿪ҲЩˣ
һԵ뿪ڿԼĸ״¥Ҳ̳ȥ״ˣ˭
ߣ˲õˣΪǵĺܣҸ㣬̸ҹؼܲԺûҵ׼̤ؼܲһҴȣ
ҫøԼŮ˵Щʲô֪ʲôأ
ԼĴͶ˶۾ĻԼŮҪรˡ
ɫɷףû뵽Լĸ׾ȻԼ˵Ļ
ίˮԼϣԼĸȴûһĳ¥һεȥ
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쿴ȥıӰгĸо
һԵŭ˵ؼ£¼ҿɲ£СӻҶȻ֮ء
˵꣬Ȼȥ
ʵ̫ˣڱؼһף¼ҾĪ裡
ֻ֪һγ嶯
˿̣׺СѾǳɽķ򼲳۶ȥ




2678³һΣ
 

ɽ
½࣬Ҳ½ɽ֮һ
½ɽ룬ƽ̹Ķ½ȣ½ȷʺľס
ɽ֮УۼǶڵ̵Ļμ
ȥһʳһ㣬ʵΧʵǿ
ԽǿԽϡ٣ͱ壬ǼҲһǧӡ
һЩ缲壬ǵԴﵽʮڣ
ֻǵսʵ̫ԸҲβʲô̫
ʵΪ߼ǿǶǾԶ֮ģ
ȣӵѪӵı
һԲֱӾܹ֣֮ս
Щǵͼ壬һ֮Щʹﵽ˺ܸߵĳ̶ȣҲ᲻ϵȨף
ĸ߼壬֮ЩͼҪ׵Ķ࣡
ϴƺӦȺĴڰ
С˿̼Ҳͷ󺹣Ȼһ岢̫ϵ
ɱƽڳһ壬ڻɹСĹ滹ΪԼǳһһԱ
ҪżɽȺʵ̫࣬һӵĺܡһʱѰٲҲġ
׵ʶҲǲϵһƬصɨӣҲûзټ
ĪȺǰӰɱһˣ˵
Сһ˻ɽƺҲǸŲ
׳ȻһҲǲ練֮ѰҰӰɱһټֻҪҵǲҵ˳һ𣿡
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С̵ͷѾǽԼѰҵĿ껻˰Ӱɱ
˵ӰڵͼעΪ֮صƶţʱѾͣ˽Ų
ϴСʶȻǿ󣬿ǸȻǲһЩġ
׵ͷǰﴦӦþǰӰɱĵˡ
ҵ˸ˣĶҳһ嶯ֵĻҶȻǲú
СŭһϵŭҲǸܵõġ
ЦŵȻǳһ飬ҾͲˣȥɣҸˣ
Сͷָķٵǰţ
ܿ죬֮гһڲĵطﲻлûεİӰɱҲֱԼİӰɱ
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룡
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·˳Ͽȣǿʨĵ̣ǳһ岻Ҫˣ
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л˵
峤ˣǳһϿǲǽʨܲԵǵ˸ҿ
ͷ󺹣ȥʮֵĽš
Ц˼ΣֻҪһˣǵĵ̻ϾǵˡֻܹǾȻǵȺöôܹ˷Ⱥأ
峤ˣǡҵӦΣ
λӰɱһ˿űҲǵѯʵ
ô죿ϿȾǰӰɱΧ֮ңһҪôǱʨ˸ҪôʱѡԱ϶һʨһ˷ǣҪôܣҪôɱҪģǶסǾˡ
Լ뷨֪Ӧôõģ
ʨڰӰɱһ˵Բ֮٣
峤Ӣ
һƨȥΧЩӰɱһ֮һҲ˷ܵĺܣ
ŭǣֻҪ𵽳һ壬ʱÿ˶ԷֵһƷʯ
ĻӰɱһԵ쳣Ŀܣ
Դɲ壬ȻǿҲԴ
ûԴǿҲȲ˲ǣ
Ⱥ֮˵׻Դ
˭Դ˭ߣ
οһ嵽ɻʾ۷ûдĿˣڰӰɱһ忴ǾǱĴڰ
űһУһ˲Χ˳ǧİӰɱƺƵĳŸղǿеϿȿ񱼶ȥ
ֻⰵӰɱһôҲû뵽ڸղ̸֮ʣѾǵ̸ˣ
Լ飬ֻǸͣ
׿СֹӣҲЦ
СмĿ׺ݺݵĵͷȻϿȵķ򼲳۶ȥ
ȻعˣСȻҪԼǰһ£Ƿǳڴ˿Լɹģ




2679ǰʨ
 

Ͽȣ
ɽһѷ죬밵Ӱɱһ岢ǺԶֻϿ֮ȴŸΪǿʨһ壡
ĵ̸ɹ̫һ
Ͼֿ֢ʵ̫ˣԾ嶼ӵԼĿռ䣡
ЩνĿռʵɵģƲ󷨵Ļǻûκεİ취˵صġ
Ȼˣڸ߼˵Щͼν󷨸ûжô
ʵģǾͱȽϵ鷳ˣ
˵ǳһ壬ʵϳһӰɱһʵرĴ
ǰӰɱһ峤˳ͻɵ۾磬ԭƽЩʧˡ
һΪʲôӵϿȣ
ʵΪ˰Ӱɱһ峤Ĺƣ޷صԼ֮С
ڳһ֮ܲУ໹һĳһ˱С
ϿĳǱӰɱһиˣ˿ǻȥѾǲ̫ˣ

λӰɱ峤˼ҲǷǳĻģ
ҪץסһҪЮȺ󣡣
ʵǷ˳һ廹ûʲôȤ
Ͼ˵һǧ˰ٵĵ֪ܲ
ջʵ̫̫ˣ
˿̣
Ͽ֮У
ǰӰɱһ嶼֪ʱĳһҲ˿ǰΣ
ʨһ壡
һ̼ˮйͨΧʱϿ֮бѵλˡ
Ҫ֪ʨһ壬Ǳ֮һͰӰɱһҪǿ̫ˣ
ӰɱһܹѹƳһ壬Ϊǵ峤Ϊɵۼ
ʨһ壬ӵʮλɵۼĸ֣
ͲһϵĽҲΪ˰ӰɱһֻܹϿȵΧǰһ
ΪһʨΧʱͬԣ
ⲻ
ûоԼ̫˶ȥʨһȥԼȺĲʹ죡
壬ܶʱôʵӲ
峤ˣѾûκε·ˣаӰɱһˣʨĵ̣
һ˿̼ǻûΣ
Ϊ׵ǸڳһĵλǷǳĸߵģ˶Χ
нǳһ峤֮һ
һվŵǸˣнƣǳһţ
ΪڳһޣԼŵ꣬ʵҲɻʾ۷ѣ
֮Ĩһ˿ҳһѾǵΪΣʱ̣λˣΪҳһҫҪб
أ
һͳ׳쳹Ͽȣ
ƿʨһΧǣҲ峤ˣȥҲǰ취ǵѰҳ·
·ʲô·
˿ҲһĨڣŽҲ֮˸һ˿Ŀ
ƵӰɱһĿ޷Ҫ½ֵ󡭡
ƣʲôҳһ巢ֵģҲԼĵ̷ֵģѲҪҹøӰɱһ岻ɣ
ŽƵĻɫѾǱֱ䣡
Դ
κһ˵ǶͷչĻ
һԭʲôԣ壬ոѰҵʱǹóɱʵأ
̵ɽڲûգοҲҪø峤˽밵Ӱɱһ壡
ʲô˼ʵ
Щε̾һ壬Ҳǲ𣿿Ǹʨһأ
Ŷ˵ȥƺ˽ƵһЩ˼
ڶڳһ˵ʨһΧϸûκεˣ
ʨһǿ󣬸ǳһܹܵġ
峤ˣҵ˼ܼ򵥣Ǳ壬ʱ˰Ӱɱһ塣ǵóһʯʨһ
ò˵ƵĿǰܹ뵽õİ취
Ϊڳһ˵Ѿûκε·ˣ
ԥһеʨһܹ˰ӰɱһĻôΣһӿɵ滷
˼룡
ýƵȷĿǰȽϺõһˡ
Ϊ׵λʨһ쳯Ž˵ķ򻺻߹ʱһɿϢҲڳһӿ
ССһɸ̤ʨһأ
˵֮˱ʨһĸ峤Ҳɵ۳ڵĳ
ֵ³һ帱峤ðԼʨһ壬һǴų̸ġ




2680뻢ıƤ
 

Ͽ֮У
ڸʨһѹ֮ɫҲ쳣ѿ
ڽڹؼʱ̳һ⣬Ҳóһɹ˶ݵΣ
ڽֻҪǳһóһʯǶʨһ˵Ҳһ޴ջ
Žһ߸ϵ̬ýǳƣ
Ʊǿ
ʨһ壬ǱǳһҪǿܶ࣬ǲʵ
Ȼһޱ֮ʨһҪߺܶࡣ
ɳɹĸǼ˵㣡
һʣǸûʲôأ
ԣһ֮һΪεĴڣ
ڰ֣ʾʨһ԰꣡
ŽЦһǳһʲôʸ̸
ǰûУڻУ
ȥʵҲǽŵĺܡ
ΪڵԼǴһ˰
ĸʨһַĻ˿»ȥɱأ
ټϽԼʵҲ򶨣ʵǿֻŲѣ
һ㶣漴˵˵
ӦÿԸܵõϿȵ棬Ӱɱһۼ˴˰ɣ
ǣһҪ𣿾Ȼͱʨһĵ̣ҲûӸ̤ʨһĵ̣
ţ
˵仰ʱϸֳľһָ߸ϵţ
һжΪʨһӰɱһͳһһϣ
ͺñĵ۳ͻʳ֮䣬ǿĻʳôܹ۳Ტأ
Ȼˣֲ·ƵǾˣ
ĳϣӰɱһ岢ǳŹǳҳһԽĳ֣˰Ӱɱһ塭
ȥݲȣȴѾǳ
˿̵ȷǽŲѣϾϵ˵
ĪΪʨһɵӲɣ㵱ǹʹٲ˵ǿɾͲҪĳˣ˵ĻѾˣ
ƺԵЩͷŽҲû̫ġ
ʵ۵һܶѣһʲôö
˾Ȼ֪ܵ˵ҪʨһǼֱʨһ尡
Ϊһģ
Լڸһ˵ô໰ѾǸӣ
Ͼ˭кģ˵ԼкöȻҲһˡ
һСϷˣԼĻôȵɱҲٲ
󣡡
ŵ˵ĵƣȷ壬ڳԴˣ
ΪȺ֮廹Ҫ٣½Դ½֮һ
ԴϡȱҲ˸֮ľ
˵ʲôʲô󣿡
⼸ֵʱҲЩʧ̬ˣ
ȻҲǷִСģСҲӵƷʯĲɣ
ܹʲôֻߴĻǾ׬ˡ
ҳһľڷһԤĹģԳƷʯĲΣ
뻢ıƤ
֪ڵ裡
Ϊִ̫٣ʵҲûпǵĺȫ棬Ҳˣ
浭֮ѾǷˣƷʯǾܹʨһ巢һʺư
֪峤ô˵
һһ룬ΨһҪ˰Ӱɱһ壡
ӣΪӦˣҲ
¹ϵش󣬱Ѿͨ峤ˣ峤ԵƬ̰ɣ
͸һ˿ЦݣҲǵͷ
˿̣
˲֪Զɽ֮ϻվˣ
磬ҪȻȥСҲѯʵ
һѾΣĹͷԼΪһбҪվˣ
ٵȵȰɣ׵˵
磬˼ʨһ𣿡Сɻʵ
׹һЦİɣһдѵĻ֣ĪΪʨһĻͳһ
ѵ𣿡Сһʵ
׿Сôãʲôʱ򿴵ԸһѰģɽ籾ǿʳĵطڵƷʯǻ᲻ҪȻѾ˼ȥһõһԴ
ô˵Ǹʨһ˸ʱ䣬ĿΪ֮ˣ
СʵԵģ׵Ļ˶ˣ
С֮ʣԶ񱩵ϢѾϿӿ




2681̰ʨһ
 

Ͽ֮У
ԭֻһλɵۼǿߣûȴѾǳλɵۼǿߣ
̸У˭ֻɳڶĸأ
ԶмλҲǹݼ峤ˣ
ѣ
ʨһ峤ȻʵҲɵ۳ڣѾǴﵽɵ۳۷״̬
ɵҲһ֮ңֻһôף
ˣʨһҲԾѹԵƳΪһƬף
һ֮˺ڣ
˽ȴѯ
Ǹ̬ܵľǾԼҪһȣֱӸ˻ỰԵЩˣ
峤ˣλǳһĸ峤ղž˵ڳһ巢󡭡
𣿡
ѵ̬ȱ֮͸Ϊǿᣬֶ˵һ䣡
ּ˲òΪýһû˵
ڽһ˿ȥҲǻҲѣ
Ͼ壬ʵһУ
ǰλԭ־ĳһɥʧˡ
ֻܹˣ
ֵݼ峤ȷġ峤ŵĻǿҰӰɱһ˲֤
ˣӦˣѵ˵
ǡ峤֪ղŽĳǵΣ˵˫Ӯľ棡
˿̵˵ȥûκεĵ
Ϊλʨһ峤
˫ӮʨһҪ˰Ӱɱһ壬Ȼŵõһ˵˫Ӯ峤Ǿʨһɵˣ
ѿŽҲ˵
һ㶣ѵӣҲǿһ£
ܱ¶ˣ˼ûдӦ
Ҫ˼ҵʵǿ̫ˣԼΪ⣬Ϊޣ
ⲻǱڰ׸
ʵ֮ǰû뵽ʨһ᲻ӦǿѾó˾޴ˣ
ǳһӴ̫ˣǸ֪֮˵θڣ
峤ǲ֪˼ǣ
ɫҲѿһ˵ѾǷǳĶˡ
ȫҪˣ
ѿŽĻƺκ˵ɣ
ȫȫҪˣ
ûһĵڵأʨһȻ˵ĲҪ
ȻǺһҲռݶɣ
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Ҫ˵һԵĽס˽ѵ峤ǴӦ
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һͷģʵ
Ƴ׻˵úãǮ֣ʨһԽǳһΣĻǡ
ô˽ʨһأⱣѻҪɵġղǱǵķðɡҪʨһӰɱһ壬û⣡
ѿЦ˼·ڳЦųһ˳룡
峤˵ѹԼеŭ
ѵ˵ҪӰɱһ壬ֻҪһڵƷʯɣó̶֡òɲǴͻȥɡ󣬹һҵԻȥȡ
峤ʨһҲ̫һɣ̲ס
Ҹ峤ô˵
ֱ˳һǿѹѾֱӽ
ɫһ䣬Ķ֣
˿ǰҲҲѾǱѡˣ
ǳһѾΪΣĹͷǳû٣ȻǲҪǳһ͸Ѱ󱣻ˣ
Сӣ
û뵽һﾹȻǲԼֻǸʵûκε
ҶǸνˣȫȫ峤뿪ҵΨսҳһҫ
ǿѹ֮£ҲǱŷ˼ǿս־
η
һѾԼеʱܹӳԼǿս
Ȼ˶֪ǿսӳˣѵǰҲǸѣ
ȻҪǱͳȫ㣡ʨçȭ
ƺƵһϯ׵ļŭˣգ֮ȭͷѾǳŽƵźݺݵ˹
޿ɱܣ
ƴ˿̲ŸܵԼŶôĲ࣡
ı۾Ȼʣ֪һԼڽˣ




2682¾޳С
 

ʨçȭ
ѳֱɱУκηӦĻᣡ
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2683»
 

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С̾һһΪѰԼĸ
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ĵһǱǴʨһ忪ʼ
Сʨһ峤ѣ֮дŲɵζڱѡһ⳥ƷʯʧҸ֮˵Ǹһǣ




2684Ϊˣ
 

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ʨһ˲ӦĻôǵ
ͱˣ
ƺҲ̫һЩǰһʨһ廹˶Դһˡ
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2685峤ڰ˳䣡
 

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Сŷɶ˻һȥһЦ䣬ʵЩɱ̾
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һϣλļһܹһ漣
Сӣĵ̵ңԼùˣȥɣʨçȭ
һŭѾǻһʧ׵ĸǰ




2686һȭȫ
 

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˵Ŀⶼۼɽ֮ϣҪľһ

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׵ӰѾǻĴɽ֮Ϸɵ棬˿лһˣ

ղŻһˣѾǱʱ׵ĸ
Ʊ仯ʵ̫ˣ쵽ܶ˶޷
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׵ԱߣСٺһЦ磬л
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С𵭵˵ڸһλᣬһλˡѡ񡭡
ƨҪʨһӦǵǾΣ
ŭһоԼܵ裡
Ψһ̾ʮҲΨһĵˣ

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ıһ壬˵֮ң
ΪӣҲҪһս
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ΪȻѾ뵽ˣ֮ǰǲİ
Ǿ͸ˣҴΣ׺ǰĻӦȻĪ峤ʮλɵۼҲҸҶİɣ
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ûκεķϻֱһֱԼ˼




2687¿
 

Ǿģ
ʵҲ壬ﻢ£
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һ
һ̣ʹԼɱﵣĿƺѣ
ѵĿһıܿˣ
ҪʱȴԼ׽һĴڣ
ܣ
ѵһѾ޷ͷˣȭͷֱӳ˱ɽȣɽһ𵴣
˻ûзӦʱ׵ĽѾ˳ƶʮλʮЩ
磬
˿һһ㣬֮Գ
ԭŵʮλһ̼ȫûһʱѶˣ
ȫȻ




2688Ϣĵ
 

Ͽڣ
ʮΪ֮Ȼ
ԭʨһͳһ˶ΪǺѵֵסѵι
ǾȻû뵽׸ûӲѣǽĿʣµЩϣ
ǿֲĽֱƿʮ
Ƶǣһʵ̫ˡ
ȻĴʱʱΪġ
ûκε赲ʨһǾǶߵķһ㣬ֱƮ˳ȥ
ƣ
ԭ񱩲һҲʧӰ٣һεĻָ֮ǰģ

ѴڴڵĴŴ֮бŷһɾ֮ɫ
֪ǰһʵǷǳǿġ
һ
㿪ԼĽܹݲȵֱӸɷԼôһ㣬Ѿܹѿ־ˣ
һӲˣ
Ѵ˿̲֪ΪʲôôĴôĵΪ˼ʵأ
峤
׵ʼմһĨĵȻ·ղŵһһ㣡
ĭ㡭˶ôˣ
峤Ӧ֪ĶնɱǾĿԣ
׵Ļڸѣɱǲַˣ
ֻв̫ǣһȻʵ˵ǿᣬΪʲôֱɱأ
Ǻĸ֣иǺıҪ
ü֪¹գ
֣׵˵
ֹԶ½ӦòǼ֮ɣѳʵ
׹һЦԺ֪ģȤǣ㵽أҶأ
ˣ
ҲǸˣ֪ԼһĶ֣
ղԼûնɱɹʵָǸǲܵˡ
һѺܿ϶˼ҾԲɵӣ
ҲȥģΨһĽ;˼ҵʵѾǳԼ̫ˣ
ôȥĻһλ֮鲻õĻʨһ屻пܵģ
ʱ¿ҲκεΪԼİɣ
ο˼ˣʨһ֮ȥ˶½ʱ򼴱Ҫ𣬿Ҳֱȥ½°ɣ
ԣѵʵҲڱȫϣ
ս֮Ѽˣ˻Ҳģ
һʼ䣬Բһ
峤ˬ죡׿Ц˼Ȼ峤ӦûԼĳŵɣ
ȻˣĳԻ֮ǰĶԼֻɫÿ
ɫһ˲̫ϲּۻۣ
㡭
סˣ²òͷ
һԵСŲԶĽͽƵ峤ųһߣ͵
ԥһã
ųһĴƺƵ뿪ϿȣҲ̾һ֮ƵʵǵҪǸʲô
ĻûãЦŵϣԺʨһͳһܹΪͬˡ
⡭ȻûģѿȥƺЩš
ˣ֮ǰ˵ĺ滹֧֣׿ʵ
һȻЩ֧֧˵УҲһССĸӹѣ
壿üʵ
Ѿ㵵ʵֹӲ֪ĵ𣿡
֪ҡҡͷ֮ǰĺõĵͼ棬йע
˿̣Ҳ֮ǰǷݵͼ
Χܴ󣬼˵˽֮һ½
дһ˿ײɫֹӣ֪ôµʱ򡭡
Ҫ㵣ģܲʲôط֪ƺںʵ
ֹӣܲǽѿ̵
ǺǣֵҲ֮˰ɣ׿С΢΢һЦ
ɹȷǸ죡ֻĺܣȥҲܴɣ
Ҳʵʵ˵ȻҲر˽⣡
ЩҪȥ˽֪ˣǿǳġ
һϡȥأСû˵
׿ѵֻҪܲʲôطͿˣġ
ʵܲкüɽһǿ϶ֹܲҪҿԴǹȥѿ飬ȴЩü
¡
ü֮ʣһ޴Ѿ쳹Ͽȣ
ԴϿĲԶһճȥ鷳




2689ŵĽ
 

Ͽ⣡
һ˸ոճȥͱΧˣѹѹһƬýͽҲסˣ
˿̵Ľͽƺ˺ܶ࣡
Ӱɱһ壡
ͷ֮ǰӰɱһ峤
ϿȺ˺ܳһʱ䣬򲻸ˣҲûеȺ̫һ˼ȫϿȳˣ
㻹׼ȥ
͸һӵſ˿Ҳ̵ģ
ղһ
ֱڵҳһѷ죬֮˳׵ĸ
һıϿȣǿ϶ǸܵʨһĿ־ųģ
ȻˣҵԼĵ̣ɾͲˣ
ΪʲôôĿϲΪһʨһ֪ĴڵĻôǿɾͱˣ
Ͼö˶ҪõҲΪʲô˽Ͽȵʱиżһԭ
ڿ˰Ȼĳˣ֪ʨһ˻ûз֣
űҲĨһ˿Ĳм
˵֮ǰǶڰӰɱһ廹˼ɵĻôڸˣ
ΪǳһѾǴǰĳһˣ
ʨһôǿڻǳ׵ˣ
㰵Ӱɱһܹùʨһ
˵㻹겻ɢҷȰһ䡣ߣ㻹ܻ
ղ㻹˰
ŭЦһǲǷ˰Ȼǰ˵Ļ
Ǳ֮ǰϿȵһĻĻͲô˵ˡ
ֻϧûκε
˵ʨһڶҶǣƾǣ
㲻ţʨһ˲Ҷǣ˵ȥҲЦ
ΪĹܵΪڴţ
һԵĽ̾һ𾴾ƲԳԷơʨһڿǳһҲҪ֣ǰӰɱһѲǻˣ
ǽһ˲ĲᣬߵЩСһﶼӺͿ˰
û˵Щ֣
Ϊó˿̵ĳһѾû֮ǰֱͷܵĸо
Ѳʲô֪
תһ룬øܣһô㱾£Ѳǻܷ˲ɣ
ʨһ˿ǻҪ֣
ڱһЦ
̾һ˵Ѿ˵ˣ㲻Ǿûа취ˣ
ĸϻڱһ䣬׽󣿡
ŽҲŭ˵
ű˵Ѿ˵ˣʨһ嶼ҶǵԼˣ
ƨͷˣ㻹ҸװβǣЦһڸѡҪô˶Ҫôڴȥһ壡
˵ǲҵĻ
ҲڵϷ֮ǰǱ׷޴ӣѲŽϿȣ
˵ʵΪС׵ͻȻ֣ǸֲӰɱһ嶯֣ϿѾǳ׵Ĺˣ
ڣһжѾıˣ
ȻⱪҪĻ͸һĻ
Ž¶һ˿ǾƲԳԷˣãû
ǰӰɱһѹôʱ䣬ڿҲǵ˻ծʱˣ
ű֮Ϊͬ飡
Աߣһλӵ磬оթ
թиƨթŭһһССĳһ壬ȻҲҵͷʺˣ
磬ΪʲôͻȻôеѲĸʨһйϵĻǡǿµôӳ˰
˿űҲǵ
ЦһҲɵǣôţĻڱǱƵϿȣǲŻǶѣ
ϣ˰ɣɡɴܾЩԾǵŲװġ
˿űоԱߵĽƣһ嶼֮ǰ̫һˣ
ָоԲװܹװģ
˵ߣǰǺ»ǿɲұԸҪˣȻҪƲҪĻҾͳȫǣ
ڵģ
΢΢һ̾Ȼղųһλǿߣǿ϶ȷûµģ
ڿλǿߺλǿѾվԶű˰ɣ
űҪֵģҲĨһ˿Ц⡭




2690±ߵı
 

죡
һЦñĺҲһĺ⣡
ʵ̫ˣ
ƺЩܲ˴˿̵ķΧӰɱһҲüѣ֪Ҫʵʿ
ʵ˶ʵҲԼǿ֮⣡
һʵϻռƵģ
ûгǿǳһ׸Ķ
ӰɱһΪʲôȥһ
Ϊӵбλɵۼǿߵĵ
ڿһ˾ȻԲѵ˵ҪԼڣӰɱһһЩң
֪ȥĻҪסˣ
ģ
ջʵ̫̫ˣһõӦÿΪӰɱһͳλɵۼǿߣ
ʱӰɱһǲǰٳ߸ͷһ
ջκҲֵˣ
Ϊ峤ıȻҲϣӰɱһܹøΪǿĵλ
ΪλԽǿǵĵҲԽӦԴȻҲԽ࣡
ֻҪõȼԴǾͲǵ̴õˣÿ
һ壬ǵ㹻ĺã
ΪǾȻԼĵϾͷ󣬰ӰɱһȻòĻôֻˣ
ѱצ
һɫצӡڿл˼ߣֱӳŽķɱȥ
ǿߵĽһ𾳽µǿǺѵֵģ
û뵽ⱪȻ˵־Ͷ֣Ҳһ
űצѾǽߣѾ˶ܣ
ԭĽеϣǼС׵ϣһֱڵȴ˵ĵ
û뵽ⱪûбסȻ˵־Ͷ֣
峤ˣСġ
ʶĺһԵĽƺҲǷӦ˹
ֻǵȵҪܵʱȴԼѾǱ׵ˣ
¶һ˿Цٺ٣ڷ챾Ҫ˺죡
󣡣
ӰɱһһϲĸоǿֻҪ峤˳֣ûκεˣ
һ̫ܴţˣȻ˵ʨһ廹Ҫ֣
ǻԼ𰡣
ǵҪһ峤˸նɱˣЩһ˻ǲôţ
¡
һƵӳ봫˹ֻû뵽ǣȻúõվǱߣ
˱һεƵ˺ʮԶ˿̵ȴѾǳĹ֣
ǱֻΪͶŪģ
ʲô˸ҰӰɱһ嵷ң
δôµʱȴĸǰѾǳ˼Ӱ
Լֵ֮󣬱Ҳǻһ飡
ʨһ峤ѣ
ߣȻҶԱĿ˶֣ǻˣ
ѵĳ֣ȫǿ׺Сϣ
ҵ׺СǣʵѵҲǱĺܣ
Լʨһ峤ԼĵϾȻһּµĸо
ָоʵ͸ˣ
ʲô취أΣڱҪ׺Сһӣڱ׼նɱʱˣ
ֻѵҲѾˣǰ֮˱Ҫ
ԺԼ廹ô죿һ֪ԼΪ߹ʱʨһ嶼Ҫģ
ѣĺ֮зһס峤⡭ǰӰɱһͳһһЩԹѡ
Թ£
򡭡£׵Щ±ˡ
˵¸һĽ峤ǸɲҪֱˣ
峤һ岻һ壬ұôҲ𼶱ǿߣҸһɻʾǸ޿ܣ
ӲǶԼһ裡
ȻвⲢûּۻ۵أ
Ȼˣǿɾ͹ֲñˣ
һССİӰɱһ峤˵׸öѣ
ɱ¾һ̿ʼˣ
ֱӳ֣δӦѾǱĽˣ
Թһ죬֪һеô£
ȻͬΪɵۼǿߣѵʵڱ˵ȫѹģ
һǸոսɵ۳ڵǿߣһһֻѾ̤ɵڵǿߣ
У
ӰɱһˣŰɱȴû˸ǰһ
ʱĹѵȭѾǽ׵ĺɱڰӰɱһĵ֮ϣ
ߣ
ɵǿߣһ֮ȻôˣԼĵϣ
űɱ
׺СƺϡƽֱӴųһ˳ܲﳤȥ
ת˲֮䣬ʣµֻǰӰɱһ峹±ƵԼ峤ʬ塭




2691³ܲ
 

һ壡
˿̵Ⱥھǰδеļ尾Ⱦ޴ϲȴ˸鷳
ʵϢķǳϸ
ջǱӰɱһ֪ˣȻӰɱһûȥ
һӰɱһѾǷǳóһˣ
ܲڣ
һ峤ߵλ峤ɫڴ֮У
峤ˣǱ߻ûϢ
￴ŽҲǵǼ׵ķһƬ򣬺ûκεĽ
ôȥĻǳҪǵİӰɱһóѣԭҪöܴһ˳ȥΪľǸǳһһЩӣڿҲ׶༪ٰ
硢㣬ôȥĻһıʳҪȻǻİ취ɣһɲܹǵϰ
Ҳǽ˵£Ҳ޲ߣ
̾һİ취ԸóɼóˣҲһܹǰ
Լǣκ嶼ջģǼó˼ҲֱӰռ԰Ӱɱһ嶯ֵġ
鲻򲻵ǲġ
ɽԭϵĵط
ı֪Ļɽ޶Ҫˣ
ԼǰһʯͷȻ治֪Ӱɱһ嵽ô֪Ƿġ
˵Щʲô˼ˣ
ԼãƺҲҪתһ⣡
һʱÿǶΧۡ
ȥûн
˿ҲһƬĻ磬һ׶巢ʵ̫̫ˡ
ԼĶܻ֪ôˣ
ڼԼõķһΪҫ۵Ž֮ǰ밵Ӱɱһսˣ
˿̵Ľоһͷ
峤˶Ե£ΨҪһѵ״̬
￴ԼĴ磬۽Ҳǻᣡ
㣬򸣴һûµġ
ŽۿͨģҲǰο
ʱ޶ˣ
͸һӵı֮ɫһķʵ̫̫ˣ
ΪȺģԶǳһĽһϣû𣿡
ŽҲǸֳһĨ֮ɫ
ϾԼ÷򣬶ΪȺӵġ
ôĿǰһĻأ
һԵĽʵҲûа취
ĵܣ㡭а취ＤץŽȼһ˿ϣ
һӣ
ǽﻹˣᣬڱıԵ
ǽԼķΣڵϦȺҲˣ
ԼĵͻȻ˵а취ҲǼ
ĵܣа취üʵа취֮ǰôû˵
Ҳֲýɻа취ĻŽҲҴŵġ
Ѿһˣڲ˵а취ȷЩ֣
ԼĴ磬ҲǸո뵽İ취취еͨвͨǸأ
ʲô취Щʵ
ǰǣؽҽ
壿ҽ֣ȷһ취ĵӦ֪ڵĴɣ
磬ոҵõϢӰɱһ˺ʧˡ
ʧˣӦյ֮ưɣ
̾һյ֮ƣҲȥһǣ
ĵܣԼڿЦ̲ס˵
Σҳȥһϣ𣿳һѾزڲһ£ǿϣûˣ
ԼĴ磬Ҳǳ
ĵܣ㡭ǲĴˣҽǸӰɣԼĵܣҲǳжʵ
Ȼû˵̫ĻȴԼʵжԼȺĹף
˵Լ׼һһ֮·
ĵܣȥɣǹҷҲ̵
㣬㻹Ҫչ˽ʣµͽҰɣһ취ҽġ
˵꣬˱ʧȺ֮У
ڽ뿪ʱ֪֮ԼĶѾǻصȺ֮С




2692½
 

ͽ￴ŽȥıӰ֮иӵĺܣ
ȺΪΣʱ̣Լĵηķ׾һĸж
Ժ֮У
˿̵ĽͽѾ˽ڵķ֮У
ŽɫҰ׵ڴϣҲǿ˵Լķϣ

۽ҲһӢ֮ᣬΪ峤Ѿ֪ûˣ
ȿȿȣ塭峤ˡ
ŽԼߵʱҲӲ˵
˵ˣúϢܿͻõģ
￴ԼķҲǼæ֮е֮ɫԱ
һЦԼԼȺǱôˣ
ͲùˣѾ취ˣԼ÷Ҳǰο˵
ʵϣĳһΣ˵ѾǵıԵˣ
أȻҲܲκεĴ̼
ֻܹĻǵĻȥˡ
һԵĽҲǵĵѾȥǸõҽˣİɣһûµģ
ְȺֵزˣôܹĵȥðأⲻǰ𣿡
һҵĿԣһԵĽĴԼؿڣϣżһЩ
̾һѾزˣκεϣǶȥԡߵ֮ض
ǰ˵ûһĵȥǲǸҽһϣûǿܹǳһɹΣѣ
￴ŽҲ֪ȺʵҲȥġ
΢΢˫۵ϰԭ巢һ£û뵽ȴ˻£
㰲˾ͺˣһжģʵЩܲˣҲǿűʹ
ͷЩ˵ʵѾǿˣΨһıܹǼĬһۡ
㡭˵ˣ
ﱧԼķһʧʹ
ĬҲǽͽΨһĹ⣬Ѿʧ˺ܶˡ
ѾǵıԵⱲΨһźԼĶӴӳ֮ûˣ
һֱûпǣһеô£ʵ
磬⡭һжҵĴ
˿뵽飬ҲЩ
˵ˣ˵ˡ￴ԼķҲʹ顣
̾һǣֻ˵͵ˣʵϲˣһǣһλǿ߿ȻûеóѣȴǵĺӸ°ˡ
ǸʱĬոճӦûǴһ޵״̬ɣʵɶ壬ȻһСС嶼۸
磬ҸＸΪйأǻʱҲû˵٣Ͼǳһʵ̫С
Ͼ֮ɫȥ쳣ʹ࣡
޵°ߣĿֻһǾǷֻɽʵ̫ˣҪѰĬϢҲװ
̾һʵҲ֪Ȼ飬Ҫ֮˵
һûʵ֮һ£
￴ŽӣҲ˵ҪΪҵԣҪȥĻҲڷ飡
СֶӼ࣬Ҳ㼪࣬һطģ
ŽҲǰο˵
ڵҲһУоԼ˰οο򸾣Ѿûκεİ취ˣ
һ峤ϣԼоһı
СŻеһֱɣ
δôһϣԼʵܹǿ
ҵһЦ磬ʵҲðοˣֻ֮뿴ҵĶӣȻ֪Ѿǲܵˣ
ô˵һġ֮Ҿ͸ȥѰǵĶӺ𣿡
￴ԼķЩҲûзѰң
弸ܹҵĵطѾ˺ܶ飬ȴûκεѶ
ֻҪ˵ĸطֳǾͻȥĽʧ͸
峤ˣ峤
ʱԺһԭڵļҲסˡ
˵ʲô˵һ飡Щŵʵ
峤峤ˣһ

˿̵ڣ˵¶һ˿ı飡
ȱѾǺܶ춼ûгֹˡ




2693»عȺС
 

ڣ
ͽ¶һϲɫĻع飬˵һ׶ǵõõϢˣ
ȻţһϢôܹأ
Ӱ룡
Ϊ֮ȻǽֻǽЩֵĿߵˣ
˲ǳһˣһȫǿȷģ
ܣôˣ
ȻϲЩǵĿԼĶܣ
ΪһԼֻܵһǱǴԼһ룡
ڽˣǵ˵һε϶ʧˣ
磬ǸϢˣ
ԼĴ磬ҲǼ˵
ڳһ˵ΨһĺϢ¾Σˡ
һǳȥ֮ľȻˣæ͸ϻˡ
ϢȺڻܹʲôϢǴȥأ
̾һԼĶܣҲǳƵʵ
Цŵ磬ǺϢǵѾȫˣѲɴûзʲôԾĵط𣿡
ԾʲôطԾҲЩֵĿŵĶʵ
һԵĽһɻĿŽʵ磬ͲҪ˰Ͻ˵ɡ
ȺΣˣԺӰɱһҲܶȺκεвˣǰȫˣ
˵ȻʵûκεĹϵ
һΪǲλǿߣлһλǿԼˣһǳɹǿ߰
⡭ôܣŽЩ㵵ʵ
磬ѲûзⰵӰɱһѾȫ𣿡
ЩɻĿԼĴ磬ҲƵʵ
ˣֻ֪ⰵӰɱһͻȻʧˣһǵյ֮ư
ѹҲûӰɱһ˻ͻȻ
Ͼκһ˵Ǽջ

ԲܣǵõϢʵ㹻£Ҳѷջ
ΪӰɱһʲôֻͬž˿ɺޣ
ǻǵĻǾΪС嵹ù˲ǣ
ɽʳϣǱǴС㣬СϺ׵һ̣
Ӱɱһ峤Ѿˣ
һ仰˲ýͽһԵĽЩʯĸо
ˣ
Ϣȥ˵ʲô췽ҹ̷һ㣬ôأ
ɵۼôܾôأ
⡭ⲻܣһǰ컹š
ͲܣýǲЩʧķˣ
ⱪôô׵ľأ
һԵĽƺ쵽һЩԾЩɻʵ磬⡭һеô°ôúõľأǱ˵ĻôȺΣҲʱĽˣ
ٺ٣һлҪлλǿߵһС׵
λǿߣ֪λǡ˵ʵ˵˵ʵӦñҪһЩ
Ѿɻʾ۷ˣҪһЩֻɵۼǿˣ
һ뵽ߣ̬ƺҲת˺ܶ࣡
СЦŵһȺˣҪôĿ
һȺģ
ɴ۾СӶˡ
ҲǳһˣԽ峤̫ȺȹѣҲҵְڣ
СҲЦͻȻ֮俴ôĳһˣһеĸо
ڶ½һǹ¿ˣ
ʵҪĿֻһǱѰԼˣ
ȻѶȺܴ󣬿ϣżһ£
Ͼǳһܲǣ
磬ǳһҪ˰˿ҲǼ
Ǳ峤µĲĻӦѾǴﵽ𼶱˰ɣ
ĭСʵҪһεȷ顣
Сͷ֪峤ʵʲôҵȷǽһɹˡ
𾪣
ȻɣǵС˵˻ɹʵ֮ϳ֮ɫ
ɹζʲôгһ˶Ӧ֪
һԵĽͽҲĿɿڴĿС𣬻ɹǶһ˵һĺϢ
ֲԼĶ˵Σˣӵлǿߵĳһ壬Ѿѹ˰Ӱɱһһͷˣ
㡭ĻɹˣЩŵʵ
С΢΢һЦһһһǻһ滹һҪ峤æ




2694ϣʧ
 

˿̣
ڳ׺ͽ֮⣬ļѾǾ㵵°Ͷˣ
֮ǵϸֳı˷֮ɫ
ǿߣ
ڳһζʲôѾǲԶˣ
Ц˼ҳһ尡֪ǰʲôҪĳģĳһ
Σ
˿̵ǳĲСҲЦе˵
ֻҪһ屣סˣôҲͳ׵ķˣ
οǿ߶ǳһ˵شҲҪ
ǿߣǱδһȺ䣬ҲҪλˣ
л峤СǷǳĿ
̵ϲ£ϲ£Ҫ˵лҲӦȺлûȺ
峤ˣ׻ǾͲ˵ˡһһϣ峤Լλܹҡ
СһεĿڵʵҲ֪Ӧô˵飿
Ͼȥܳʱˣ֪ԼĸĸǷ񻹻ţ
˵϶ûϣҵˣ˵ȥٻһϣĲ
ǰ뽲
˿ѾǽСΪǰˣɽǿߣΪʦ
ȻСѾɹĻôӦĴ
ʵһΪѰҵĸĸġ
СĻýЩĿɿڴһԵĽͽȴһ
ֻСѾǻǿߣ뷨ҲҪס
ϾǿǳһϵĴڣ
СǵĶӣǻ˵
ǵĶӣϹϣʱ»˼һǿ߰
ǰѰԼĸĸģЩĿɿڴĿСȻʵ֪ǰǷ֪Լĸ֣
֣һ治֪
С΢΢ҡͷʵ˳ʱõһЩ֮⣬ʲôûӡˣ
׿СС𣬳һʮˣôʿ϶ûʲôġ練ʡ
磬˼ǡСף֪׵ķࡣ
ЦŵһûжӵĸĸǾСΧ𣿡
ֹӣҲװ
δ뵽Լú÷򶪹ӣ̵
ŶΪΣ׷ʵ
˵ǳһʵÿ궼пܷʧ޵鷢Ⱥ֮пгǧļ¼
ףҲֵ̯̯
ȻôΧŲĻǻǺѰˣ
ЦŵСȻ֪ĸĸ˭Ӧ֪Լʲôʱ޵İɣ
磬Ӧпˣ
СղĻҲ΢΢Щʧ
ôˣҪѰԼĸĸԲһ׵顣
οһԼĸĸأ¸ûͷˣ
ԭ˸߲ҵСҲƵĺܣ
·һˮ׵ĽԼһ㣬ع鵽ʵ֮У
졭𣿡ЩΡΡʵ
С̧ͷһ۽֪ΪʲôȻ֮һʶĸо
ָо˵ǿңСĻţ
СŽǵģҲǴġҲһֱڶ½ֻҪΪʲôȥ½ҾͲˣ
ǰ޵Ǽ۸ΪĶԽ׵Ҳ֣һε˵
Щ˵ǰ䡭ʵǵĺҲǲǸʱ䶪˵ģܲܡ
𣿡СԭǿҵĸоһεϮ
ã⡭˵ذֻϧûа취
΢΢һ̾˵ԼõĶӣǾһĺϢ
ʵ̫ˣ
ǰûκΰ취ȥˣҲһ̾
Ϊʲô
ЩƣȻҲ֪ôӦа취ģ
ֹ֪ǰδ֮ǰֻҪɵ۾ǿ߾ͿԼˡǻ֮һжıˣ
֪ĶǲٵģҲǽ͵
׵ҲˣϾ֮ȫѪҺѾǳһѪҺˣǱѪҺ
ټСΪѪľѣ˵ڵС֮ǰѾûʲôˡ
ԭ
Сϳһ˿Ȼ֮ɫһԵĽͽɫҲ൱ѿ
Ȼ֪λǰԼӵϣ󣬿ڼԼĶӣȴҲûа취ϰ
ҵа취ȻλҲǶ˺ӣʱϵҲǱȽϵǺϣǵһԣ
׵ĻԭһͷɥһӽĿⶼеϣ




2695׵ķ
 

ڣ
˵Ŀⶼ׵ϣ
ǲ֪׵ʲô취ܹСѪϵ
ϣǱûϣҪǿɣ
С˵ⷬʱȷˣ
ΪֻҪ˵Ļδʧ
һҲ⣡
ȻҲ֪׵׻ʲôİ취Ѿ뵽˰취
ֹӣа취
ＤץףȥЩʧ̬ĸо
ĶӵĻôٿԼԸ
֮ǰԼĴ簲οԼԼĵܳȥΪԼķѰҽİ
ʵ֪ԼķѾûʲôϣˣ
Ͼôأǿ٣ҪȻûϣˡ
Ҫ֪ɵۼĳǿڴˣ˭ҲԸķԼǱȥԼķ
ǵʱһ巭Ļ˼ɵۼǿߵǶ
˭ҲɵӣΨһ뷨ǿǰС𵽵ǲԼĶӣ
ԼĶӵĻôԼķҲܹˣ
׿һ۽Цŵ취϶еģСҵֵܲһݿ¸λ֪
ʲôݣＱæʵ
Сҵˣ׵˵ԣӵľѪѪδ֮ǰṩġ
νķʵܼ򵥣ΪС֮ǰԼѪ
ӵСΪԭʼľѪģȻֻһΣһξѪȴܹɵжСͽ֮䵽״ڲѪԵϵˣ
˵СڵѪҺѾһȫͬˣ
Ҫ֮ǰСǩѪĻ黹Ƿǳļˡ
ˣ
ﱾܵüףôҲû뵽ǰ֮˾ȻпԼӵΪˣ
Ϊһĸף˭Ҳϣ鷢ɣ
ǽһϢʱҲĿɿڴ
Ҫ֪ǿߣǿδһ䣡
ںȻ֮Լδ峤ȻΪ˱˵ˣǾǽܲ˵ģ
һСƺҪ֤
Сν˵ǲңΪҴˣԼľʵ֤ȷġûд磬Ѿˡ
ʲʲô˼˿ƺѾǽС𵱳ԼĶӣ
ѾǴﵽɻʾļޣҪôͻƻҪôҴһɹĻҲڼˣ
СЦ˵鵱ʱҲǷǳĽţ
һѾǽˣҲǿˣ
⡭ôأ⻯ǿ컯
ţΪС׸סˣ
С𵭵˵кܶǲףǸ֪Ҵ絽ʲôˣԺ֪ˣ
Ž磬ֹӵĻҲزˣ
ô£ĿŽ
ֱӽԼʨһ巢˵һ飬־Ķǵĸо˭ŶоһĴ̼
㡭˵ֹһӲʮ⡭Ҳֲ̫˰ɣ
ӶˣѾǺϲ£ˣ
磬ҾֹӲʲôˡǸǰ͹ϵӦҲģ
ȻΪһˣ׵һһ˼Ҷǿеģ
Ȼ˼Ҿǣǻ𱨵ĻǾЩ˵ȥˣ
ο֪Ҫŭ˼ֹӵĻһ嶼˼ģ
һ뵽֮ǰֹǿֲģ£
ĬʵҲЩĹˣ뷨ࡣ
ǻĻʵȺ˵ǵòʧģ
磬ҡҿֹǡ
ȻҲи񣬿ҪĻǿ˵ǲԼĶӣ
˿һϢ˼ȫɽģ
ʵĿ֮ҲǿԿóе飬˵ڳû˭ˣ
СףҲǹ磬ˡ
׹һЦֵܾôˣȻǵ˽ǵ͹ϵֱӽѪ𣿡
磬ҡҲҪģ
С׵ӣһĸж
ʵ֪ôȫΪԼ˵ĹϵԼĺܣνѪڶ˵ûκε壡
ǽӴѪôҲԸΪԼĴ縰ǣ
׵ĸǰͻȻһξѪԭ˵ʲôСҲһŵĿס




2696С
 

ݣ
СԼľѪƯ׵ĸǰҲһĽ֮ɫ
ĻСԼҲ벻
ȻϣˣСȴоĳ쳣Ĺ죡
ʺѪҺڿ΢΢˿֮̽ҲǣһͬʺľѪ
ξѪܹںϣǱ˵СǽĶӣ
ҪξѪںϣҪǿľƺʵ֧ţ
Ҫ֪С𼴱ڸǩѪ֮ǰҲɻʾ۷ǿߣ
Ҫںλɻʾ۷ǿߵľѪҪɵڵʵΪ֧ţ
˵ĿⶼĶ׵ĸǰ
ʶƣ
׵ʶѾǿһĵزǰξѪν࣡
ξѪڿռ֮лĳſñ֮ǰҪϼ
ֻξѪʼնûвƵһ𣬽ɫɷףΪоһ˿ϣˣ
һԵСΪĸӣϣܹںϣϣܹںϣ
ӵЩҿһˣ

ڽоһ֮ʣȻֿдϸ΢
ԭڿתξѪһ̣Ϊһ壡
ںˣ
ϸֳһĨϲ֮ɫֻҪںǱ˵ǰλǰпܾԼõĶӰ
жҪԻش
ϾǿںҲпܵģֻܹô˵ˡ
ֻҪǿںϵĻôȷС֮Ĺϵˡ
С𣬹ϲ˰
׿С˵һ仰
ʵ仰͵Ǳ֤Сͽ֮Ĺϵ
磬⡭𣿡Сĭʵ
Цŵô㿪Цأ㵹ҲǷǳˣȻôҵԼĸˣԭֻҪһ¶ѣɺϵȷǺܶడ
ҲЦҲû뵽СôҵԼĸĸ
֮ǰ˵޵ǧλ
һжϵĻôķѵʱ϶Ƿǳĳˣ
οСĸĸڼʵĻС˵һźˣ
ֹӣǼĬ𣿡
￴ŽĬֿ˿ף˿Щţ
˼ŲԶСѾȥԼĶˣ
ôˣĬʧһֱǽеһ̣
Ƿ˸еǣԺҲûйӣ
ųһε
һν˵ĻﻹΪԼˡ
Ĭ⡭ҵ𣿡
СҲЩĿŽʵȻһӺ׺ĸףʵѾĬˣ
ǣҵĶӣĬ
һ±˵ԼӵĻУӵԼĶӣԼĶӴԼǰһεʧһ㣡
СȻɵۼǿߣһ˻Ӳȥޱȣ
ûӦĽɫת䣬ֻûһ
֮󣡣
оԼЩʧ̬ԼᣬȻСĸףѾʱ޶ˣ
ϲ˵ʲôӻ˾ͺã˾ͺãû뵽컹Ǿҽģʱ̻ԿҵĶӣѾ˰
þԼȫСˮס
ף
СЩüĿŽǰ֮ŵļ󣡣
Ȼոϵĸܵ˼صĴˣˣ
Ĭ㸸ˣѾʱ޶ˡ㡭ͺúõ㸸װɡ
ȻҲԼĶһ𣬿ڵʱӦǸӣ
ǻкܶܶĻҪ˵
Ϊʲôôصƣﱻƣ٣ҿȥΪ֮
СɫѾ˲ȴֶΣǵʲôѪ𰡣
ѾȥˣӰɱһ峤ѾҲΪĸױ
Լᣬǳһڶ
֪ҲԼˣ
˶֪ˣС˿̺ڲȻøѣ
峤ˣ峤
Сŭ֮ʣһһεĴ˳
ˣΣǽ˰ĵܽӦ뵽ǵҽ˰
һһ㣡
ææýһܹκԼ÷ĲĻǾϲϼϲ˰
СԭҪ˵Щʲôû˵
ȻҲĿԼĸ׾Լȥ
׿ԶҴҽļˣ˵ɡ




2697۵ҽ
 


˿̻صȺֻоֵǣԼһγȥȻûκε谭
ԭΪһγȥ֮϶ǱӰɱһ˸ˡ
ȻӰɱһӰӶûз֣
֣
ڽ˵Ȼ֣һǻ˾޴Ĵ۲ŴǱһλҽֹ
Ǿ߲ǺԶټϽԼƽٶȣ
ܹڶ̶̵ļʱ֮ڣϵط
ֻΪ˼ʱĸϹҲΪ˸˼Ĵۡ
峤ˣһˣ
ŽҲǼ˵
һ·Ͽɺãûʲô鷳ɣЩĵʵ
΢΢ҡͷҵЩ֣ⰵӰɱһӰѲǱ߷ʲôʲɣ
Ժ˵ɡλǣ
ŽԱߵλǿ׳ߣҲѯʵ
Цŵ磬Ҹһ£λǰҽνΪڵģ
ԭǰ
ҲǼĹֵֻҪϣȻԼ÷ôˡ
Žʱȣһǽ峤߼ۣȻطģ
üͷһ壬˿ȥʵЩ̫
оǳĲˬ˱һκװ˼ôҲܹ˼Ұɣ
ýоƵǣ˲ҽ߳ʵҲ쳣ǿ
ǳһҪʲôľٶĻҲ˼ҵĶְ
ǿŲ죬һ˿ЦݵǣҽΪ÷ƿǳɹˣ˵ȥҳһȻܷڵģ
ȻˣȻһ⡣ںδ
ɨһۣʵղŽʱѾǿڴϵĽ
ҽҷˣҽ󷢴ȱΪҷ
￴ȻҲˣǽ֪ǰλǵĵһҽԼϣˣ
ԼĶӸոҵԼķˣһֱ
;ⶣ
оԼ˴ԼԼӵһ𣬱᫲
΢΢ɨһ½˵ѣ
ҽǵĵһҽûа취ĻǼҷľûϣ˰
ĻоԼһ˿ϣʧ
β˱ҽֻأûһõġϣȻҲǺܴˣ
ʲôҽΪҵָһ·
ӣҲǽʵ
˵֮ǰֻ˵ҪĻôͿüҪˣ
ĸƾӹ󣬼ƾߣ
ʱĳһʵѾǷ˸ı仯
ͽĶӽĬѾǳΪ˻ǿߣǾȺĲѡˣ
㾡ȫ֮ҽνҲڱеһѡ
¶һ˿Цݣ·ûκεĹϵһ㣡
ЦŵҪñ֣ҲǲܣֻҪӦɣ
ҽ뽲
ӣ޲ȥһŲźء
һҽˣ۸˫⳥ҲǧƷʯڶҽβãҲҪ֮ǰ̸õļ۸һǧƷʯ
޳ܣ޳֮Ȱ
˱޳ܵģˣ
˵Ǵδ˺޳֮ˣ
κ˼۸񷭷⻹˵ĹȥϾκεطǴڵġ
һ£βûҪʯǾ޳ܵˣ
ⶼôĻôɽ绹п
ҽĪڸҿЦɣɫһ䣬ʵܲһˡ
ôΪţΪĵطǳһ壬һǿĸҲɻʾ۷ѣ
Լʵǿɵ۳ڵǿߣ
ԣһǽԼʵ֮ϵģһζԼĸǰΣ
֮ǰĻ
ڣҲǵЩˣΪС𣡣
ڿԹˣС˵
ӣ嶯嶯￴СȻҲһ
һԵ˵ˣȥõѡ񣬲ӹҽѣһ֣
˵һ飡ʶֱѹô˶βãҺųԼǵһҽ
סˣ˶סˣ
СҲ̫һɣ




2698±
 

ķڣ
ԵЩ죡
ʵ˶ûн׵̲ˣ˵׵ʵҽνҲ׿
ʵϣʵǿĸִСⶼܹн
ûľͨҽĻƣֵĵط֪
ΪʲôЦֿЦ
ǳһܹ֮ƽĲĻôǧİԼأ
˿ԼۣǲҪѹ۶ѣ
ԼжϿ϶ûдģڿ˵ӣ֮Աǣ
׵ĻһȻ
Ĩһ˿ЦСӣҸô˵
ôԼβҲ˼˼ҪʯӦ˵أأ
ײмЦһͳҽ£ΪҽͲϸ
ҽ֮ˣǿǶѭԭģ
Ȼ˲һԭˣ׻Ĳ
βΣ˲ö˭ܹ֤һκأѲκã
мĿףʵҲ֪Լýƣ
ֻܹԿ̬ȣСӾȻܳԼװβǣܲŭ
ѲһССĳһ˶Լĸǰˣ
Ȼܹҽã׵˵žоԼҪһˡ
ƾ㣿ϳһ󸡿ı飬¶һ˿֮ɫܹκã㴦ã
βãҲƾҴãȻ⻰˵ˣǿɾûлתˡޱ˵
ÿĿβõĻǵʱֵΣŵʵ
ʵЩȰţ֮ˣǰλ˵Ľǿ˺صƣ𼶱ǿߵĽ
ûдﵽɵ۾ҽκã
Ǵﵽɵ۾ҽʵκõĿҲССΪ㣡
ԣСӾΪڸԼ
βãǱ㴦úˣֻûˣϣ㻹ܹôİ
׿һ˵ĻβҲΪѵģ
ϾдС˲һˣѾôˡ
ãҪľأ˭ҽб
һٸʵֱӶնɱ׵ģôΪġ
ҽһ㶼ǰʮģȻС˵ܹƽҪһôƵģ
βõĻǵʱնɱСҲ٣
һĻӲȫ
һ˵ʱһβõĻùԹԵĹģ
Ȼڿȥһͦģһвʱġ
ͽ￴Ҫ־νǵҲǸֳһĨ֮ɫ
˼ڵһʱתͷһԵС𣡣
СԼĸ׵𣿡
⡭ﵱȻ˰һҲ֪˵ʲôˡ
һԵĽЦǺǵ˵ʵѾ㹻ľˣȻӵ˵ܹΣǾɣ
㡭
˵СԼĶӣǵǲѣ
Ͼһʧ¾ҪΪǧźˣ
һҽǰĻһʧˣȵĻᶼû
ȻѡĬǾͲҪ˵ʲôˡ¶һ˿Ұ׵Цݵ
ףŶӣҴһὫȻģ
С֮ţΪ׵ҽǷǳĸ֮߳ǰҲйʵӵġ
ԣСֻҪԼĴӦǲˣ
С֪˲֪
ڵȴſЦһԵĽѹͲܹκá
ҪСֵĻκһ˿¶׳԰ɣ
׿ŽЦŵİɣûаٷ֮ٵİգҲֵģ
ٷ֮٣ţģûмôܴţİ
һεķֲм֮ɫ
СŭһٳӰƤ
ߣһСβõĻͳļһһʰˣ
һСø
ܿͻнˣھҪſ˵Ц
ԼʱҪǹģ
СһʰһɣҪ粻˳٣Ǹ׼һ伴ɣСһ
׸ֱӷԸ
һ˺ܿæΪ˷֮˶˳Ⱥ򡭡




2699Ľ
 

ķУ
˿̵Ҳ쳣Ľţ˵ʵֱ
ǽҲ޷
ԼոҵԼĶӣ´ĻᶼûУôԼȥأ
ܹ꣬¶Ըϣˣ
Щһֱʹ֮У
Ҳǽ죬ԼĶӵʱһ˿˿ȥϣ
Ϊˣ¾ҵʹѾĥҪɱˡ
ͻȻҪˣһ˵ǰٷ֮٣ǺϣԽʧԽ
ԼĶӶ˶ӵž޴ģ
ֹӣ֮ǰܲ鷳һ顭Щ˵
Цŵ뽲
ˣϣܹúõչҶӣҪ̫ܵ˺
ĸ֮޽
ǵͷǵҲԼİΣԼӣ
׿Žͷǿ϶ģȻҵˣҵֵܡһҪ˵һǣȻҰƣǿ϶ûġ㻹صƣҲƹġ
û뵽ֹᣬȻ˵ʵýĳҲ¶һ˿Цݵ
ݣ
˲֮У
û˵κεĻ˿ľѾǸ߶ȵļУ
ڽĸǰһεƺУ
֮
һʩչľѧ֮򣡣
һڽĸǰƮ׵ҲѾǶһö룡
ϥѭ
׿Žǵ
΢΢ıԼ˫ۣҲƴȫİ˵ȥ
Ȼ˿Ϊ޷պܶ࣬ŬҪԼſԼľ
ˣ
׵ʧת˲֮Ѿû˽ڣ
׵ִ˽֮ϣʼ֮ע
ܿ죬ԭڵǱ׵ѹûĿռ䣡
һ̣ڵľ͵ﳹ׵ıɢİס
ԼľΪܲԼκĴڣ
һĻ
оһɹƺҪٿԼ壬屾ܵҪ
ɣ
׻֣࣬ԭҪŬĽ׵ķ
֪ʱҪԼʲôĻǼֱ̫ˡ
֪ǲϴ˵ĻԼĻᶼûˣ
ȻñƣǱѡ˼ң
ʱһһţ׵ĶͷҲһ˿˿ĺ顣
飬ȷʮֵĺķ
Ҳҿ֮УĻºķѵʱ൱ľ˵ġ
ݣ
ſԼͣ׸ǰļöҩѾǳĿУ
ڼ
һɹǿڽɢ
ȻҲǸܵɵǿ󣬵̷ȥ֮󣬾Ȼû˿ĸо
ʵϣԼ֪ǱĽ˵ľ֮ľ
ǿ޸ĻȻʱܿ죬ɳɹĸȴҪ̫ˣ
ȿƣûκεʧģ
ΪСĸףһǸ棬һûУ
ÿһʱ̵Ĺע޸Ŭ֮£ԭѾǶ˲ڶϵľҲʼĻָ
һ
ÿһ޸֮ױ㳷֮ǰס
ԽԽ࣬оԼڻĻָ
ϲ
ôҲû뵽ǰ֮˲Ǵţ˼ķǳǿ
µʱ䣡
׹ǻ޸µʱ䣡
֮󣬽ľѾǳ׵޸ϣֻΪȽϵأѭʱ
ΪҪһǵ治סľǼǾ޸ǿôأ
ھµʱ䣬ĴѾǴһ޸Ḷ́
ھ޸ȫ֮㽫ȫ˵֮У
׾㹻ķḻȻķѵʱȽϵĳȴͰ࣡
޸Ⱦ֮׶쳣СĽ
ǰҵʱ䣬ĳһ̳ĺһ
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׽֮ˣĺȥ˳ʱȥһˣ
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ĻԼҲ΢΢һЦҲ
ֹӣĴ½ûԺ󡭡ĿףƺһжҪҪ
װڰֵҸСֵܣ֮ͲôĿˣǻţȳȥɡ




2700ҴǶ۾
 

ʱ䣡
һܲƺһסĸо
˵ڿȥκʱҪҪ
ϾĽǿǻǿߵĸף
ͽɫأһŵı顣
һԵСԵõ˺ܶ࣡
ԼĴβõĻԲڣ
Сĵʹݣڱ˿ƺЩѪĸоǽﶼЩĸо
Լӣ˵ԼĶܹѾϲˡ
ܶ鶼дȣôܹιﵽԼӵأ
٣ĪǸһﲻҳ˰ɣ
ʮֵǷ⣬֮ǰСѾǽˣһһԼʰ
СҲļһ￴оԼЩûȤ
ŭѣ
Ѿǵôʱ䣬Ҳں⼸ӵʱˡ
￴ԼĶӣҲΪǵʵĬֹ֡ô
һԵĽҲǵ᲻ʲô⣿ҪȻǽȥɣ
ãҴʵҲŵϺŵġǾͷİɡ
С⻰ɲǴţʵϳļλ֮⣬˭Ҳв׵Ĵڣ
嶼ܹŵϺţ
𾪵ĿС˵Ļô˵ʵȷǿÿֲ˹ˡ
ĸ֣֪Ҳ٣
ƺһĸҲûôİ
һԵЦһŵϺţĸʮа˾ҶСһûм
֮ԱʵǺģʵĵλҲǱȽϸߵġ
ܶʱǿԽӴһЩĵģһЩ͵֮еģμӵҲ
δˣǰһ˾ڳ
ȻˣһЩֵǣղžȻûпó˾Ȼġ
ܵΪҲǳһˣ
ǣˣҴмֱǸСû˵
˶ɣ
ŴıƣƢٺҲЩŭѣ
ô붯֣С𵭵ʵ
ССĳҲڱǰ񣬼ȻĻұȫˡ
һ˲䣡
ѾǱﵽ˼㣬ƺһҪˣ
ȻҽҲ۳һѣҪҴøƽϣΪ㻹ܺúõվߣҴ³춼ɱѲɻɱ㣿
СҲǰȻԼﰡ
㡭˵ʲô
ԭ۵һɢ³춼ɱ
һЩסˣ
Ҫ֪³ǹϵĶ½֣Ҳ۳ĵһּ۾
ǰһﾹȻ˵ղŽȥǸһ۳ĵ۾ɱ
ֱǻ֮
Ǻǣ㻹Ǹªŵ˰Ҵ˭֪ߴʴʣ
СмĿĺڴһ֪Լ֮ӣ
ʵСҲûдҴţôʱ䲻ҲøԼĸһǣ
Լ˺Լĸ֪ԼݵĻôǿ¾ܹһЩˣ
㡭˭Ͼԥ֮ɫ
һԵĽҲĿСĬ⡭ֹѲҲǼΪԺ𣿡
ˣ֪Ĵ۳С𲻴ǸԼĴ˽˵Ż
ֻһԵѾԼĶˣ
￴СĴ۳ǵȻ֪˰ɡֹʲôϵأ
ǵϢЩҴ½嶫۳ĵ۾ף
СһֱȫĬ
ףֿȥΪĸߵ˵ʱѸ۾ĸϵһ
С׵֮󣬽ͽƺһӾʹסˣ
˸оЦĻ˿̵ﻹʲôɵۼǿߵķ緶
׵ֺ֮˾һֻܵĹһ㣬̱˵ϣ
ףɱһ֣۳ֵоǽһĴڣ
۳˵ɵۼǿ߻
ǵ̫ӵҲѾǱλ½Ķ۾նɱҪ֪˼նɱ۳̫ӵʱһλʳĵ۾
նһĶˣ
ԼľͳΪ׬ʯû뵽ȴλɱ
֪ǰСӾԲǿЦģϾЦһ˻Ĳҿ
οƺź֪ķӦղԼ˼廹嶼ûп
һ뵽ߣоǰһڣ
֨
ڴ˿̣ҲǴˣ״Ľ߳ʱ׵ıˡ




2701²ͬ⵱峤С
 

ķŴˣ
˵Ŀⶼ۽ſڣŽվǵĸǰ
һ̣ˮѾǻգ
֣
һ֮Ҳûôһܹ˵ļ
˫ϲţ
ϵ˫ϲŰ
ԼĶҵˣԼɷˣ
ϻʲô
ֻһ˿׵ʱѾǳ׵±ˡ
Ǹ˱ڿףѾǲѡ
۾
ĸ֣һ¹ĳ嶯ˣ۳ˡ
λɱɱı۳ˣ׵̱˵ϣȴŵı׵Ĵ
磬лл
С˿Ҳ֪ʲôԼˣȻǰλûʲô顣
ѪŨˮױǸףǸı䲻˵ԣ
ѾȷλԼĸ֮оǺĨȥġ
ЦŵСʲôʱô˰ˣȻһžۣ߷ԵЩͻأˣ
ͻأԲͻأҵȲ֪۾٣ʵʧԶӭ
Ϊһ峤ڵ֪׵֮Ҳһ
ʵϹλ½Ķ۾Ĵ˵Ƕ½ʵ½ҲѾǴˣ
΢Щʵ壬û˲֪λ۾Ĵڵġ
֮ǰĽ֮ûʲôӦΪʵûüӦ
ǿҲû뵽ǰλ˾ȻǴ֮еĶ۾
ڷӦˣ̬ǿνǱϹϾ
ӵлǿΣǿĶ۾ǰǲǸѣ
ʵ֤ǳųôһλǿߣҲǳΪ˱˵ūͲ
׿ŽһЦ峤ҲһͶѣ۾֮ڵ˵еЧɶС˵Ǹûκεô
׵仰Ǳĳ˳һõĻˣ
С֮г˸ж֮ɫ˵׵仰ȫӺˡ
һףȻֿ˿Ĭ΢΢һ̾۾ĳһ֮룬֪۾ɷӦС
˵޷
׿ŽӣҲ΢΢һЦ
ҳһ岻ǹ͵ܹѾһ漣ˡеǹһ޾ʵǳһҲһֱڴһλǿܹܵĻԻ͡
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ʵҲ˽˼˼϶ҪС
ϾСĳһˣǳһ廯ĸ֡
˵ڵСǳһδϣ
ҧҧͷ۾ǽĳˡĳ֪ūͣɡϾǳһ塭
ˣ㲻Ҫ˵ˣҲͬ⣡
СŽĻֱӷôԸ뿪أ
˵С֮һĶǿϵġ
Щ˵ɣ϶ǷǳĴ̼֣ڳʺĵط֪Ҫܹһء
СǿðžһΣղĻɹģﻹԸصǰ״̬أ
С̵ĬΪǿߣǱΨһ峤ѡҲλͣڶµĹأ
ôôҲͬⲻͬɣ
Сû˵ȻǹڵģⲻҪ
ܹҵԼĸĸѾˣһ˻ֵˡ
СҲһ±״̬
׿ССҵǾý峤˵Ĳ޵
磬ʲôҴطأο绹Ҫ֣ôܹʱ뿪أ
СҡҡͷԲͬġ
̾һ׵ǼСôô֪ͨأǳһ峤˭涨Ҫطģ
СҲЩˣȷҲû˭涨ԼͱҪطɣ
ףҲһĿɿڴ
׼峤أСս£ʱֻҪǾû˸ĵǳһ壡
ǡǺðɣ
ܿľתˣ˵ĵȷôһ
ֻҪ֪Сǳһ峤Сû֮ǰ˭۸ǣ
һ뵽ߣ˲ֺˡ
˿̣
ȴĿһεļϣһҲЩôġ




2702·
 

⣡
˿̵оԼĺһķ
ƺһֱϵĸоָоЩ
Ҳɪɪ
һλɵۼǿߣһְҵҽ˿̿״̬ҲЩˣ
οǴӶ½Ϊǿ۳˵׵жôǿˣ
ͨ
ЩܲɭĿ⣬Ȼֱӹȥ
֮ǰָ߸Ѿǳ׵ʧȡ֮һĨĵĽӲЦݣ
۾ҡ۲ʶ̩ɽ
Щ״εĿ˵֮г֮ɫ
׿һЦ޲δ㣡

˶סˣⶫ۾Լʲô˼
һԵС磬СʵǲޱȣֻʵģûʵĻԲܶģ
ҡû뷨ģ
һСһԲֵͣһľͶԼˡ
˿̵ŵæͣҲֽ֪ǲ԰ġ
ղŵȷҪŪޱȵļһġ
֪ǰλǶ۾Ļأ˼أ
׿СղŽ峤Сӵ峤һƺҲûʲô׵ذ֮ǰһӰɱһ嶼ܹ۸ǵͷϡ
ȷǸ⣬˼ǡ
СҲǵͷܿĻȻ˹
Ѫ
׵־οǰʵǲġ
ٿԵһͨɵۼްɣ
Ŀðײð˵ˣСӿǺųǵһҽ
ͿһҽԺһ廹õȱʯ
ֻҪڣôЩһЩӣϾ˭ûи˵ʱأ
ݸһЦҽǰɣ
Ҳң۾ʵɷС˰׵ĻĽ
׿һЦҽ۳֮ˣ
ǣǶ۾Ҳǳ۳ѣʵҶڶ۾ҲĽѾãǶ۾ԸĻĳϹѣ
ʵҪͶףһҪ
Ļô̸Ļʲô
ԣ֪ԼΨһĿǾͶף
Ժ飬ֻܹԺ˵ˣ
ķչĺõĻԺǸ׻ҲǿԵġ
ֻҪɱôһԳܵģ
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׿Ҳ΢΢һЦ
ݼ۾Ը۾ưڣӰ˻ģ
ҲһϵĿףƨ֮ҲЩ׵ġ
׵ͷ䣬ʵͶޣڣ
޺һεĹµ
ãȻﰮģޱ㲻ٿˡȡѪΪ޵ˣΪЧԸ⣿
ɫһ䣬дһ˿ɱ֮
ףѾܹȷĸܵ׵ǹɱ
оԼһܾĻһͻҷˣ
ԥ
СЩм˵Ǹ㶼ûʸ񣡣
Ը⣡
СĻ֮ûκεԥʹӦˣ
ΪȻ뵽һ⣬Ǿ׶ԴС̬ȷǳĺãǻԼҲأ
Ϊ۾ʵڰ
ţɲԼһоô˷ˣ
Ѫ
׿ڵǷһ£
׵Ѫ˵棬óһ˿һ۽磬Ƕ׸һصĸо
׶Գһ˵ģҲһĸж
л۾
Ĳ֪˵ʲôˣоһѾǷ˼ҹˡ
װڰֵ峤һΣǽˣ޸СҪȥطһˣڳһ壬峤ǲ
۾˶飬ýĳʵǺգǶ۾ĻĳԸ֮۾һء
ԥһ֮ǿ˿ڣ
ֻǽôһ˵һԵļҲסˣһ廹ʲôǲ֪ģ
ɾҲȤʱǿѹѾҲüͷ




2703彵
 

һأ
˵ʱ·ҧ˵һ㣡
ɾʱǿϢӭһе̸
׵üͷȻҲû뵽ʱȻǰҡ
ֻǵʶǸɨӹȥʱȴһоŭʵ
ѣ
λʨһ峤Ȼһ˽һΧˮйͨ
һܲ

һٵҲǻŻŵĳ˵ķ˹
ˣҲǼæʵô£
塭峤ˣ²ˣۡۡ
˵ЩڳˣȻǷǳĽŵġ
֪浽ʲôԼڶ۾ĸǰ˵ĻңҲЩһ˵и߸Ӷأʲôʲôú˵
ˡ
ѡΪҪķʽ˵˳ֻἰ֣˵ѾǲҰһƬ
壬ǿΪǿĴڣ
ССĳһͻȻ˸Χˣܲأ
׿˳ˣ֪ˣ°ɣ
˿һۣȻʶףܹ峤һģǿ϶ǳһҪˡ
۾ôССĳһȥأ
ЩǵĿף֪Ϊʲô
׿Žǲǳģǳġ
ʲô۾йڣ
Щп಻ⶫ۾ţĺܰҵ
Ҳ֪λ۾ǿ첻µزµһ˸ɲǻɶ۾ǿͲһˡ
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ʨһ壿ǵıȷ塣ƺҲЩȻ򣬲ϸǵǲѡ
Ļôһγһڽˣ
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Ҳҧҧ֪ıΧһ嶼군ˣ
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ǿСҲǵԭʮֵĲϲǳһ壬ټǱ֪ǼСɹĻ½ͻӵѰˡ
֮˶ڷԭͷǳų⣬һƫƫлĿԣ
ʵ˺γ֪飿
׺СɽڲûգֻҪǳһĸڣôǾлᱨ𣬶۾ǻǸϽ߰ɣ
ΪʲôҪߣΣ
׿ŽҲν˵Ҫˣ
˵ʥɽǿߣ׻пܻῼһ¡
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磬Ǹƴˣɱһһɱ׬һ
С˿ҲԵЩ嶯ʵ˵ûʲôյġ
ȻСɹɼǻɹҲǳΪ֮˶ѡ
Щ֮˿ǶţëģھˣҪĸ֮˶Կ˼⳵ս¾ˡ
׿Сû˵ǻˣǾԼֵǮһֱ˵һǣ鲻Ҫ£ҲҪۡľԼ򲻹ȻҪˣ
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СԥʵĿǰսҲԼĴˡ
˺ܶĸֵĻʱȻ˵Ķ֡
ҲǼе˵۾ҾĬ˵ûҪâ
âˣΪܹȥ𣿡
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ֻҪС𻹻ţһоϣġ
СˣȺҲûκεϣˡ
ݵһ廹ٳӭ
ڳһ֮ڻΪ׺С߶ִݵʱһѾǴ͸һȺ




2704¿
 

ݵ
⼸һһѾǳ׵Ŀֻ
ĳ֣ǸոմΣ֮нѳĳһһεһӰ
Ǳˣ֮ǰʰ˵ѣ
֮ǰ״ûƢȴġ
Ȼ֮ǰ׵ĸǰֵķǳĹɣһжǱѣ
ûжǿһЩҪĻΪΪԺһͳ׼
ֻһﲻ֪ڸģȴѰ
ǿ벻̣
׵Ҳ˪һ㣬Ž˳˹ȥ
˿Ҳεĺܣ˵ײߣСȻҲ߲ˡ
һԵĽͽҲǽ֣СˣԿףҲǻһϣģ
أ
һȫûʱڵĻᶼûˡ
һ峤ݼ𡭡
߳Ⱥ֪ǲ߳ȥҲ
֮һǸ߰ޱȣ֮˾ġ
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ҪɵһЧҲһֱֵķ
Ϊ֮ˣȥޱȣ
磬ʵɲֹһ̣
ǿ岻ռΪǿңҲǸж֮С
ɽ֮һȻĴԻռһأȴ徳Լķֲ
岻߱ģҲλõһ
ҪԼĵ̽ĵڣΪҪ޿κΣ
Ҫһԣţģ
翴ŶĽ˲мתͷѵ峤˵λ֮ںδ
ʵһԭδǰĴ㣬˵˻ǿ֮ҲȤ
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ܴ裡
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Խеʧ糹׵ŭ
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ȥЩΣСֱߵ˽ĸǰʲô
ʲôһιȻҪɻڴˣ
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ǿСҲһָ߸ϵ̬
ɻڴʲô˼СЦһʵ
ڱһᣬΪҵһֻҪԹԱ֤㲻ȻˣҪΪһǰɱǸˣ
޼ɵЦ˸оһĲ
׵Ŀ翴һ㣡
˵ʲô˵һ飿С𳹵׵ŭˣһǲӽˮ˰
ȻԼһһҪԼɱԼĴ磬ֱɵȱ
׿С΢΢һЦΪµһʵϾǸɵȱĵ䷶
ˣ
һֱɨ׵壬֮׸оԼˣ
ֻĵʹݣҲЩ죡
ܾûмô˼ˣ豾ˣûһģƺδŭ
ֻѾǳ׵ĳ
׿һԵѵ峤ȴץסȻԼˣǱ°ɣ
Բѣǰ㻹˴ʴʣѵǳ㡣
Ҫôڱĸǰ峤ģ粻мĶһף
СӵȷŰ
˵Ļǽԣ
һĿĿԣоռ֮жһ˿ըζ




2705µҪ
 

ޣĵ۾
һ׵ĻҲɫ
ݣ
â
׸κεķϻֱӳѵķɱ
裡
е޷潣ѾӰһĳѵķֱϮ
ߣڱǰ֣㻹
翴ײ죬ֱӳѵķնȥ
Ҳǳ׵ŭˣ
һץ
Ѿǳ׵ıԼģǼʯĽצ׵ĸǰ
أ
޷潣Ľצצڿײһ𻨣
壬ȻǷǳǿ
޷潣ķȻҲûֱƷ
׵һͣȻǿĽ
ҲǴһ˿ɫû뵽СӾȻôǿ
ԭҪԼĸצֱӺɱף
û뵽СӵʵȻܹԼӲһ·磡
Ҫ֪ǱΪľǸһһ壡
ֻȻû뵽֮ˣȻܹԼӲ
ԼСλ֮ˣ
Դ˵ʵ֮ҲԲǼ֮
գԼɤʵ㾿ˣ
֪֮ǰ޻㣡ӵĿ磬̬ƺ׵ļŭ˶磡
ĵӻǺܴ󰡣ŭһҪǱȭͷ
Х
ͷ΢΢һ̶Ѿ쳹һ壡
˿׸ӲҲǽŵĿǰһУ
ôҲû뵽λ۾Ȼ˵ǿӲ·磡
ֲ˼֮ǰ˵ûǽҲǲ
ֻǾڽ˿ֽս֮ʣȴû뵽ֱӷȺ
Х
ΪǿֶΣԵľԲף
ױĳһ壡
ХȺֶΣһֱӱɱ
һ壬С֮⣬ûɵ۾ޣ
ХǶɵ۳ڵޣҲһã
ɵۼµޣ˲ɱˣ
֮򣡣
ڸһӴХʱԸܵһɱ֮
ֻĹֶΣʵ˵Сƶѣ
ǶСƣǰ˿ɾͲˣ
⡭ôܣ
翴ԼХȻֱӱأĳһһͷˮĿоǸɵһ㣡
ʵϣһʶХҲ˶ѣ
ԭΪһȺҪʧˣϾХǼԶȺɻԵĴ
ôҲû뵽ȻʲôҲûУ
֣
Х˵Ⱥĳɱһκûʲô
СҲһͷˮʵ
С𵭵˵Ҵأİɣ忴ȥҲЩд󰡣Ȼֻôˣ
ǿɽǿߣ簡
СȻô˵ҲǾֵ˵
ֻҪ˲࣬Сӿ¾͵ùˣСʱҲǵ˺ܶࡣ
˼Ƕ۾ʵҪǿ⡭²ܰɣȻ֪ױϾֻ½һ۾ѣ
Ҫһϸ£»˼ɣ
ǿ߿ɶǼʥɽ½Ĵ۾ȻǸʥɽǿȣǲеˣ
С΢΢һЦǲ֪Ҵ
˵꣬˵ĿһεĿ˶֮
ʱףŲԶ磬Ǵݲȣ
ʵȷǷǳǿ֮ħλƷ绹Ҫǿ٣
׸壬ΪѪʵսʱһ޷ľ޴ƣ
ޱҪնСˣ
׵ñ䣬Ŀһγ׵ס֮ǰнѣ
Կ
ɫҲǼΪѿԼҪɱԼˣ
ǳĵΪ
˭СӵȻҵԼ˵ĻСӵأ
˿̣
һߵҲɳˣԭΪնɱײǷַӵ飡
Ͼ֪ǿʥɽǿߵĴڰ
ֻأ
һ֮ƺûܵʲô˺
׵ĿɨӵԼߵʱҲǱܵĶһ
ѵһԼˣ
ѾЩˣ֪һǿȵزĻԲȥԼ
һ˲նɱˣԼǳ˴׵ĸ
ԶգԭѾǳ׵ʧһɱŰѹĽ٣
ѴʱƺһĿ־建ĳԼϮ




2706˵
 


׵ֱоôҲû뵽һﾹȻ˵ĵز
ԼնɱѣһѲǵԼô
ѵĽţûκε档
һﾹȻˣԼڴˣһﾹȻҪ£
Ĵ
Բģ
ŭһ˻Űĵ̣ҪʬΣ
Цһһﻹŵĺܣ
ĵһĿɲ磬ҪնɱһȷЩѶȣҲǲܣ
ֻڵ׾Ҫ˵棬ȰһƷ˵
ƷĵһǱŪѣ
ΪŪѣ˵һ޴Ĵ!
챻ģ׵ȫ޵ս⣡
޷潣
һҲĺ⣬ȻֻһϽϽȴѾİˡ
ˣ
һϢѸٵ׵Χᣬ˿һؽĻ
ЦҪԼնɱѣ޿ܣ
Ȼǰһ￴ȥЩ죬һһԼΧ֮У
ҪܿԼնɱѣвͨ
ȻСʮֵţͬҲ
ֻҪ׵ǰСӣôҪԼƤӵʲô
ѹѹת˲֮ѾһƬرޱȣ
ȥɣɱ
ȽȻѾ岻ȶֵĹأ
Ƿǳһ֮˵ƣСӵʵȷǷǳĲ
ҲǺĶˣһԼĸǰԼȥĻԼҲΪɽЦˣ

Բ鷢ֱɱУ
ɱ
ǿıɱ֮һҲ糣ɱֶΣ
һŭ֮ҲѾǳ׵ʧ׵ĸǰ
֮У
һɫӰһƬҰĿռ֣֮
ɢһ˿⣬һ룬ѾǻûΪһε
˼Ǹ֮
ʵϵ˼Ƿŭһ˼˼ȥ͵ĻԿóɱǶôţˣ
ҲʿˮǿֱɱУһҲᵽɤˣ
ǿʶһοȥǱ޿ɱܣ
˿̵Ҳһ
ԭΪԼ϶ҪˣΪ֮һֱԸĶ֡
һƺ׵ļŭΪҲԵһ
ֻƺЩо̫Ծ
Ϊ׵ʼչһ˿׽͸Цݣ
Цݷ·һʤȯգַ·ǱԼһֳ
ԴҲ벻ͨһﵽţ
ѲܹƿĹ
ܣ϶ܣ
ѵҰοƺҲڸԼһʾ
Խǲ뷢飬ƺԽǻᷢ
ɱȷǷޱȣ
ǿ񱩵ƺҪǰһ˺һ㣬κ赲ɱĹоᱻȿ񱩵飡
ȭͷƺҪܽӴһ̣Ҳֿһ˿Цݣ
һжˣ
룬ֻľͽ
ȭͷҪ׵һɲǣĿɿڴˡ
׹һʧ˿ռ֮У·𶼲һ㣡
һ˾һʻܳҪɲһ㣬ֻĹʵ̫ˣ
ûлͷ
ôҲû뵽СӾȻʧˣԼӦĴڣ
ʵʵڼϳ׵СӣӦûл߲Ŷ԰
һ̾ϢʱͷƤƺҲһķ飡
ΪһµʵǾԭʧѾһεĳӰһ
ƫѵķȻû뵽סװ
ʵǼѹ˵ĴڣȻһļһﶼˣ
Ŀɿڴ
ѸûκεķһӰһĺХʱ˳׵Ķһ̣
¡
һҵĽը뵽˵ĶУЩѵĿǰһУˣ
ԭվԱߵЩǿߣҲǷ׷ױãһֳʧ꼰ĸо
ѳ׵ʧһ̶ЩҴζ
ء
һ̣˵ƺô
ʱڿ磬ȻһҲûԤϵģ
һĳһǳ׵ըˡ




2707º䶯һ
 

ʨһ峤ôˣ
һУ
ױ㳹׵նɱѣ֪Լôģ
ʵһ׸ûκεĺ֣
һ
ޱȫ͸ѣ
ټ֮ʱͿռ䷨ƣʵѼǵʱҪܣҲǲˣ
Ͼ׵ʵǱߣɵ۳ڵ޶ѣ
ֲ˹
һ̣һҲǳ׵ըѣ
˺˭ȥǳһĿ˰
Ҳ֪˵˭վߵģ
ԭΪˣǳһ϶군ˣڿҲδذ
ǳһӲҲν
֮ǰǸ˵лǿߣǸ˵˭
һʱ䣬һ˳׵ķˣǲ֪ô
һǿԿ϶ǣγһԲǱɣ
ǰλǿ߸ҸӲӲƺ·硣
Զ
Ҳܹһģǵɢıֲ˼ı飡
λ棬Ȼһնɱѡ
˵ԭΪûϣĽˣ˿Ҳǻһ˿ϣ
֮ǰ׺СûߣҲǵǲѣ
ֵƺնɱѶɢˣ
磬⡭ⶫ۾ʵ̫˰
ͽͬʱڵ˴˿̿ŶҲ
֮иһĪ˷ܵģ
Ҳĭֱֹͣ޵еĸоĬû뵽۾Ȼ˵
ûмҴķɣǼ˵ĻǿܾͲô˵ˣ
С֮ǰˣǼģ
֮УһɫȫǿߣеɵǿѾǲʤöˣ
ԣնɱһλɵ۾СҲʲô˵飡
СΪĵ֮ˣڿԼĴȳǿߵʱҲԵ࣡
ԼĵȫûбҪİ
ӣԺɵøŶ۾úû찡Ȼ岻ӭǣҲûбҪȥǵƨɣ
ﵽĸףκʱԼĶ˵ġ
һԵĽҲǵͷǣһֱԼţģǶӿǾĥѺ׻ɹģһצȻҪǶӡ
˵Сһ˿ҲԵ÷ǳķŭ
ôԼĶҲǻǿ߰ɣһצĻ壡
ǲ֪絽ô˵ĳڵģ
СԼĸĸҲǵͷⱲӣֻŴһˣǿ֪ܲ˼ҲܷеġֻҴɽǧѣڻû̫׳ڸҴ缸ǧʱ䡭
㡭˵ʲôĬ۾ǧꣿ
׵ķˣоԼ֪׵ĵ߸ˡ
һ½ˣֻǧʱ䣬ʹһ֮ɳΪһ۳ĵ۾
ڸҸԲѰܹġ
ӣ˵ǧͳΪɵۼĳǿߣ⡭⵽ǸʲôĹ̥
Ҳǳ׵ȦˣԭһֱΪʮϹＶİɣ
õĻҲʮ꣡
ô˵ǿأ׷ǧ꣬˶һ±ƣ
ǧ꣬ҡҹƻأ
Щп˵ǧ˶ѾΪǿߣԼǸʱҲһõС߶ѣ
డʵ̫̫ˣ
˿ԶףǶС۾ȻһۣʵҵȺޱȰ
СЦŵҴ飬Ժǻ֪ĸġŴǾԲԿģֻҪɹһεѹأԺǳһ巢ʱˣ
һʵСǿԱ֤ģ׶ԴԼ˷ǳģҲǳĺã
ʵʹ׶ԴԼ̬ȾͿԿĳˣ
ʱĽһο׵ʱǵ֮г˳֮⣬ҲǴһ˿ľ֮ɫ
׺磬˴۵С۵Ļ࿴ŶԷ˶ûһεĶ֣
ֵģһǳ׵ļŭˣ糹׵ŭˣ
ķŭɲһˣŴıǰһƣҶˡ
˵ɾžžĴ
ΣЦЦȻ㲻ҵĶ֣䣬޵һŹ޵ǿԿǿǣ
֮֮
׵һ֮֮гѪɫ׵ıˡ




2708ҲУ
 

Ź
Ϊ˴Сʱ˵һ仰
仰Ƶζ
ֻһΪԼ߹ĺܣǾԲκ˼̤ǵϣ
ڣŴıһƣ޷ܵʵ
磬ļλǿߣһҲ¶ŭɫ
£
еŭ𳹵׵ȼھҪ׸ۣΪصĴۣ
Ҫһ֪壬Ҫôĺ
λ֮ԭ׼Ⱥ֮綪˰
׿絭˵ѡˣ
Ը㣬һԣ
ЦһҲһĺɣ
ղһﵽôԼĽԼֵģ
ʱ粻ҪŪһҪ̽һһ֮ڣ
ãޱһĸˣȫ˺󣡣
׶СҲǳܵսһҲǳ׵ȼ
Ը壬ûģ׿ӵżĵģ
磬ײǰһ￴һƷѣ

֮ƺһֵӵζ棬·Ǳͬһų
ûκε̽˫Ĵսһ!
˵֮ǰǸ˼Ļôˣ涪˴룬Ҳκ˼ˣ
Ψս
˵Ŀ꣬Ѿû˸ղŵֱʤĵˣ
λǿ߾Բʲôʡ͵ĵƣȻսԼôȻҲ˳׼
ûκεĴ⣡
һεѾǽԼս壡
һɺ˵ѹһƬռ֮˸оһϢ

еѹһ̳׵չʾ˵ĸǰ
֮ǰѹȣһονǳ׵׵ĺޱ
ĳһ壬ҲǸܵѹĿֲ֮
оһʧǣǰǸһƺûκεʹ֮ɫ
Ҫ֪һ֣Էңֱ˻
ֻⲻǶһĸֶˣԴĸ֣ôŵ֣
ɾǲһҲоһܻޣ
ǰ֮˲ûгκεĲʣȥЩܵӣΪջͬʱҲȻĺܣ
ȻʧЧˣ
翴ֱǲ˼鰡
׿˵ѹȷǱѰ֮ҪֲһЩȥҲô°
ˣҪĻţһεļ룡
ԭһ˿ֲѹ֮øǿƺʵЩ˻ᱻֱһ㣡
׿Ц˼ôһıµĻ޾ǲҪ۵ĺˣ
㡭˵ʲô
糹׵ľˣνǿ״̬ġ
ɶ֮˾Ȼܹ˷ƵĸԼ٩٩̸ԼԼ
һﵽʲôĹʲôʱǿˣ
Ķʵյһ
δ˵ôһܹԼӲӲԼѹ
ѣΪ޲ô
׵Ļֱ糹׵ıˣѪ֮еһѹ
սĹУֻҪӵٿԼٶԷٷ֮ʮʮս
Ȼȥ࣬ɸֶԾǺ֮䣡
ٷ֮ʮԾλʵ൱ĸ֮ʤˡ
һжҪģҪڶļһȻ˵Լ

ȫȫĳ
翴һҪȻʧķ裬ҪȻɵȱˣ
ôأ
ô˭涨ֻܹӵģ
׵ϼ֮ɫʵӵǲδù
ײãһֱôõ
οΪһˣôأ
ټױӵʶ˵˵ǿп޵ġ
Ը壬ԼʶֱѹͿˣ
Ը壬׵ҪһΣ
ǸղſһõȷǿޱȵĴڣȤ
㻹ʲô˵ҪǸʲô
оԼһεıϷˣˣղˣ
òܣСεϷˣԼһξҲˣ
ֻ׼ֵʱ°ͶһĻǳˣ

һ̷·Ǵһ˿߿Х׵ǿ±ˡ




2709ۣˣ
 

֮У
ԭ׵ֵһ̣
èһ㣬ֱʧӰ٣
һƬռ֮У˿ֻʣ׵ǿѹ
ܲѣ
Ϲ˿ֲ֮ɫʵ벻ͨһôģ
ǰˣʵʵĴڣ
о𾪵ǣһƺ֮ԼҪ֮ܶ࣬Լֹ߳һȼ
Ѫɽܹ֮ģ
ʵô벢ûдֻ֪һǴʲôطģ
ѲҲ֮ˣ
ܣԲܣ
˦˦ͷǲܵ飡
˵ĸ֮Ǿеı־
ڱһ˸ʹóˣ֮ȥΪĴʵ˼
˿̲ǷŭǾ㵣
֮гֳһ˿Ŀ־壬һʵ̫ˡ
ԼоԼˣ
Լڱ˵оǸЦһ㣬ôܹ־أ
㡭ôСأ
ΪȻ˵Щˡ
ʵǷǳĺ
׿絭һЦѾ˵ˣòܵ޵ǰͲ£޻Ǿ仰ϲŹ
㵽ʲôˣ
˿̣Ҳ˲׵ĳŭһ
Ϊ֪ʲôʱôһλֲţǷǳֲĹֲţ
׵ʲô㻹ûʸ֪

Ǳȿ»û˱ȵùף
ֻƽʱΪ˵͵ĺܣĸǰװĻôǷǳҵġ
㵽ôһ
򣬶֪ôȥ
СҲ̫ôĹˣܹŪ˭ܹ֪Ūʲô
ԼȷܲͲˣ
һطǿǵòʧˣ
֮Ȼȴ˵ǿߣǿ±˭Ҫ
ֻһֱ߸ϣұŵû˸۸ǣ
ö֮Դһ棡
ڣˣһƺ֮飬ûпʵʵ£Ĳڶˡ
ǻῪЦԭ޲йڣƫƫԼѲɱɱ߾ߵ𣿡
׳ЦһɱԼȴԥӣҲһıӣ
һﲻ߶ʮһͳĻôܹһһӣ
ڣһ׵ĸǰ䲻Ϻ֣
Կ㿴֪³вףһξ㣡
翴ףôȻ
ֻ仰˵ʵ˸оЩЦ
ʲôʱôͬˣ֪һǺˣ
£˱ˣûñĹҲ⣡
ô˵ҪһսˣЩˣԽ˵Խǵǡ
˵֮ǰʱĻôǵˣ
ԽԽùޱȣ
׿絭˵˻㻹˽⣬ϣһܹ֮˽⣡
Ȼˣǿ֮䲻ôķϻˣ㻹浱֮ 㲻ɣ
翴ź̸ɹҲǳ׵ŭˣ
ȻһսһսȻҲ·硣
΢΢һЦãһֱɽ绹û˸֮˵ô޽ձҪӣ
֪
糹׵ķˣ˿һεĻع鱾壡
һ˶צһε˵ĸǰ
޿ɱܣ
ʱҲ֪Լһһս޷ˣ
ɱ
Ȼ͵ϮһԵ˿һһ㶵ġ
Ȼ͵Ϯһ֡
Щ¼˵ȥҲû˻Űɣ
һɫӰһ㳯׵ķɱ
ûκεף
ֻǶƺ׼΢΢һмЦ
һǿѹѾǳķǵصѹȥ
ѹ
ǿ߼ѹ״˿̵ʵܹȫķӳ
Ը磬ѾǴ´ˣ
ͣ
׵ѹֱӳĽ֮䣬׵޷潣ѾǳϮ
绹ûпһеô£
͸оԼıһǿϢԼԽԽ

ҵĽ͸һ壬׵һȻûжһص˺˺ȥѾ൱Ĳˣ
۵
һƬ۵ڵأ˶ס˺




2710ļѾ
 

ۣ֮֮
һ仰۶嵽ôһˣ
ڣ׵һֱƿķ
ϵһƬ۸׵Ļ䣡
ƿֲһ
ҪǿķʲôԲʲôƷʲôģۣ
۵ķɵۼĸּƲģ
ȴˣҲǻֱۣӽۻˣ
ҵθѽûпɣǿ۰
Ǹҵһ꣬ҲŪһƬ۰ɣ
һΪ޵еķڿҲ
̫ǿˣʲôʱܹôǿ
һһ˷ܲѣ
ܹԿⱾһݲ۲۵οǵ˻лʤϣ
һʤʱһ¾Ҫˣ
Ȼǰ˲ǳһˣأ
һսǷǳһĵϵĲ
һĶ棡
λǰǿߣһҲ
ǿǳ޵еķƺһӾˣ
ǼһĹжôĿֲ
ǼλһǿߣΪצһ绹ǲܱȵġ
ֻڿǵϴѾˣԭ־Ǵ˿Ҳŵĺ˼
ŵǣһһԼսǲѾһˣ
ѾûڸǸһԿˣ
ʵ̫ˣ
Ҫ֪ǿǸ߹尡ôڿȥǱĹ
֮У
¶˾֮ɫеķŭѾǱ
˿̵ﻹʲô˼ŭ
ԼΪǿķ˸ƿˣûսͷˣ
ѹƣ
Լѹƣʲô
ڸղŵһν֮У׽׵ķλʲôط
˼أֱӾ׼ȷƿԼķ
У
ڵԼϵ⣬׸ˣ
֮ǰһ˵ԼĶ֣绹֮Աǡ
أԿ϶ԼһĶˡ
ǣ
һǿĿǰôõģ
ΪԳĶڶһˡ
磬ٸһλᣬͶȥΨһѡ񣡡
һһ̤նУһսһη
˿ѾǻָԣԿóҸһԵ˺ۣ
Ǳ֮ǰʧķ򣬴˿̵ֱת֪Щʲô
Ͷ
Ƕ˵ǲ۲۵裬ڸһĻԼпܱһնɱ
˳ĵ̾Ȼɱˣ
ҪǴȥĻǼֱЦеЦ翴һЦ
ֵģ㲻Ҫ̫֣ǱͶˣΪ㻹л·𣿡
ɶˣ
粢岻ǰϧԼϣϧĻԼ
̰ǵϧһĳģ
˵ǿȻǿǺܶˡ
ֻڵ򲻵ѾԲͶģΪʵ̫˰
֮ǰǰĻͶˡ
һﲻǸ߹壬Ȼںܶʱţ棬Ҳƣ
Ǻ壬ˣҪȵڣȻ޸Ҹ㶯֣Ϊ޻岻ɣ
ײм˵һι廹Ŀⲻһս
ܹշһλ˵һ!
ȻˣҪշһҪĻΪ񱦲صԭ
˵˭񱦲ΪĹעĻ³屾֮⣬ˣ
ΪױѪһийصĶǷǳĹĵģ
㡭־ɱңҪñͶŶûУ
ӲͷƤ˾Ľѣ
һľսĻûΣпոԼóƤ
׿ó
Ȼ˵Ļޱ໨һʱϣģ޼ȻҪɱ㣬ӲˣΪڿЦԣһ㣬ֻ˵һΣ
׿磬Ҳһ
㡭˵ʲô
粻סĭҲǽŲѣ
ΪоԼ򲻹һ
׿һεĶֵĻ㼴ҪͶûлˣ
ߣ
仰ֱӴߣ
绹һߣҲûһһ壬ǿ˾֪飬ĸҡ
ݣ
绰δ䣬׵޷潣Ѿǳʣ
һ̣һɿ񱩵Ϣѹ㳯ķ
ƺһҪնɱһ㣡
ţڿһ¡
׳֮ʣƺܲǾ޴ѹȣֱ˵һȫԵĻ




2711Ͷ
 

һ˲䣬һ˶סˣ
ԭǿ˵ĵس϶ҪѪսˣ
ôҲû뵽ûѪսףǻҪһ£
νĿһ£˻϶֪ⲻǸͷѣ
ҪѪս׵ĻҪʲôأ
֮ǰһƬۣƺλӰ
ټ׾ȻҲܹʹóȳֶΣʵǳã
״̬ʵһ˶ǿġ
ֻΪ壬Ҫǵɲֹôһ㣡
үʹá
弸λˣҲǳ׵Ȧˣ
˵һͶĻԺ֮ذ
ֻҪͶԺΪˣ
ˣ֮³ܹõʲôطȥأ
˼ֹҲĵġ
һ䣬ɨһȦ֮ǵ׻ǲǱˣ
үҵȻˣֻǡ
ǰп˵ͶˣȻҲϧ֮ˡ
ǸһͶ峹ͷβˣ
Ҳϣʵѡһʵ̫ˡ
һѪսףһӢۣǽ
һͶ壬һͽдΪ壬пȥ
ʲôĽõʲôطȥ
ȻǱˣǱκξǵˣ
ʵϣѾ˾
Բϣ飡
֪ĸǰ֮׵ĻĽҲֻԼˣ
Ϊһֱǰݵĺܣ
Ȼû뵽һλ˵ΣǼȻˣԼһѡ£
ѡԼȥ
ţ
ԼˣԺһеԼҲûκεĹϵˡ
Լʵڣʱǻع壬ԼĻң˭ָڱҽͷأ
οھԼǼͶѣ
ʱع壬ȫһתֻ뷨Щѣ
Ĵô᲻һȫ֮أ
ҵԸ׷ү
ڲûϵȻеģ
Ϊϵ壬ǵϵ֮ѰΪļ
ڲЩ֮ҲҪѡˣ
ʱȻһΣգȴҲǲˡ
һֱ磬ȻǵĶˡ
ڿҪͶǸоԼǰ;ѾǻҪ군ˡ
ǲ׼ĵȰο
ֻǵǿɱ˰Ŀʱ֪ô˵½ԼôĶ֪ˡ
Щ߸ϵүǣôϧǵأ
ɫʼձ䵭ͷã
׿ӣ΢΢һЦѾѡˣǰһ˺һգͿξˣ
϶
ʵϴ֮ǰ̬ͶѾǰ϶ˡ
ֻڵױҪѹơ
ɫ΢죬Ļ壬ȻҪһ嵱ˣܴԼҲҪһˣ
ʲô취أǲӦһԼľҪˣ
Ϊ˻ȥԥһ֮ĽŲ㳯һ
һ
ǵھ˵ѡͶ
Ϊ֮ǰѾ˵ˣһգǰһǱԨ
ľܣȻǴϻ֮ˣ
׵仰֪ǲǴз̵ζƺɱһҪܣ
ʱȴΣ
ҪȻԼǰ
糯ףһ˿Цݵл佱
ֻЦݿȥȿ޶оܡ
ã룡
һƣʾļ˸һ壡
棬Ϊ˶ӣײδѪ
Ǿѵ֮Ѫ̰ȴֲʧܵ˵Ƿǳʺϵģ
׺ʧ˳һܲΧʱ򣬳һҲǱŷһĻ
ʵϣڳһ˵Ըǻȥ
Ϊǳһ͵ˣʲôǲܵأ
ڵĳһ忴׵ǿ·һ㣬
ɽôãûļ˸͹ͷ
˼ˣһ
˿̵Ҫ뿪ߣľôʧܣֻ֪滹ʲôڵȴ




2712
 

һܲ
Сǰ磬ҲǷһ˿мЦ
С֪ԼĴȻҪһԺ󻹻һ£
δ䳰ȷʵһֱڵȴСĹ
ǵȵһʼճ֮дһ˿Ĳм֮⣬δκεĻ
Ȼ֣ȴ֪һеΪʲô
˿֮УѾǰ棡
Ѫ
ܻ䣬Ҫܻһ£
ϾѪ׻빫ֻҪͶԼЩССϺҲں
һԿף˿Ҳҵĺܣ

һﻹĸôȻˣ
Ȼˣ޷׵־
ѪôڣʵԼ˼ġ
ֻܹΥ־ѣ
ԭΪⶫ۾û뵽ⶫ۾Ȼȳ̶ȣ
룬֮ǰĸλ۾ӲĻһҲӲס
ЦԼ֮ǰɱ˼Ҷ۾أڿǸЦ
ȻѾӦ޵ǲӦóһЩˣ
׿磬ҲǷһ˿Цݵ
̾ǱȵβһıQûʲôö
˵ϲ۲ƣزū󻹵Ǹ紫Եһģһ׵һЦ
翴׵ûʲôö
޲ҪĶ׳
Ҫ˵ĳʲôȻӦף̬Ȼǰĺܡ
Ϊ֮ˣЩһǲܸıģ
׵ҲϸڵˣҪľҪһշˡ
Ҫĳ⣬һξѪ
׿磬ҲǷһ˿ŹֵЦݣ
㡭ʲô
羯Ŀף⾫Ѫÿһߵı֮ѪһǾԲԼģ
ͻȻ˵ҪһξѪȻǾˣ
֪ȻͶһԲĽܵԼˣ
ӦúѲ࣬ҲԼίߣ
ڲŭһ£ȫһѪ
ȻǰʵˣݸһЦ֪Ϊʲôɢ
Ϊʲô
ϵʵȻҲѾõһ⡣
翴һȻˣôܷеϢأ
Ȼ˵Ļޱ֮һܣʵ֮лĴУѪ޲Żˣ
׵ҲûдţѪȷ֮лõģ
ΪѪԼҲǵõ˲ٵĺô˵ҪлһЩԼһء
ǵɽ磬Ժ磬Ѫõģ
Ѫֲãֲá
Щ˵˿̿׸һļʣ
Ҫ֪ǿѪܹ֮ӵѪǿ˵ǴʵĿԳΪǿߣ
Ϊǿߣǿ֮鰡
벻ԼľѪڲһ˿Ѫ׿ɣ˿̿ȥһ㣡
һԵСϲɫʵϲûһЦ
绹СֱӴǼһŪѪˣ
ʱһԱɶĻ»Щòʧ
һϵĻôٺòˣ
Сֵ֪ԼˣĿһߣ磬ƾʲôһﰡһ˿ѪںϲһɹȺö˷ˣ
ֲȻɹһצΪӵѪɻȻ˵
ֻһ˿ĺɣһѲΪĲԼģ
ѲͲԼˮ
׿ɳ㲻ĻԺͲˡ޿ûô棡һ
ƺɷӦĻᣬҲǽѣ
ô˶Ҳҧҧȡȡ
ݣ
ɵҲһԥ֮ˣȻǻĿģ
Ǿ޴ջڸǰôܹϧأ
ɵľѪɳһԵҲ̾һ˵֮ǻޱߣôһǸɵأ
žѪһҲ֪һҪڶˣ
һ
ռ֮ӲϵķѾǰסɵľѪֻǵʶʱѾˣ




2713ջѵ
 

Ѫ
һıôҲû뵽һȻΪԼǩѪģ
ǩһ̣ʵѾǺˣ
ֻʱҪתʱùĿ¾Լˣ
ɼ֪ǾѪԼȡģҲֻܹĿһеķ
ݡݼˡ
һӿͷȻԸ⣬ɻǹ
¹ýҲһ̾Ϣ嶼ˣԼ˵ʲôأ
ĵʵҪĪˣϾʵһ㣬ڸ˶һˣ˻һ
ûжԱȾû˺
˶ԱȣЩˣ
λ۾ʵԽǿԽȫġ
Ϊ۳ҽ֪Ǳ۳϶޾׷ɱ
ڸ׵ƨɺ棬Լðȫˣ
ΪҪһǣλ۾ԴʵǷḻĺܣʱҲմ
׿絭ȻһЦˣȻƭ㣬Ҳȫ
ţʲô˼ 翴ɻʵ
ͲҪ˵ˣԺ׼ɣ׶ڳƺĲǺں
ף㡭Ƕ۳ĵ۾ף
һӷӦ˹û뵽Լ˾Ȼһ
ʵ׵ɲ壬ɽѾǧˣ
֪ĶȻǲΪģ
С絭˵Ҵ磬ҲԿģ
Ӧ뵽ˣ
˿ҲһȻ֮ɫֵ֮ĶһôţģλĶ۾˭أ
ԭײĹע֮УԴս۳֮ҲĳΪ˹עĶ
ֻһʼʱ˶ⲻһЦѣ
״Ӵ׻ʳһ·Ϊ۳ĵ۾֮Ҳ𽥵Ľ뵽У
һᵽףĸҪüͷˣ
Ͼһλǿߣ˵ʲô¡
֪ҲǺǣľѪ֮еȷҲںһ˿ѪԺͻᷢѪĺôˣ
֮ôΪʵԽǿʱԼҲԽҪˣ
һԼˣֻҪԼô޷Լжϵ
ɽ绹кܶطõһϾһǿʥǿߣ
׵ߣԼ֮⣬ûĳ֣
ȻҲ⣬ɱȻʹá
οھλɱﵣҲûκεİ취
棿
׵ĻҲЩ
ڳΪ׵Ѿ޷ıʵˣ̵ܹһЩôȻҲܾģ
ԼѪ֮ĸоһ˿˿Ĳͬ
ȻڻδȫܵĳǸֵָоǲġ
Ҵƭ𣿿嶼СС΢΢ҡͷ
˶ĽǿߣλӴ֮СŷĲʲôʡ͵ĵƣ
ۿʵЩ˷ָ
һ࡭л۾
׿΢΢ҡͷʵҲؽ黳Լڵݣκε壬󲻶ҪΪĿֻҪޣ޿Ա֤õԼҪģ
⡭ôܣһˡ
ѲԼȥôɵȱһȻ˵Ա֤Լ
ʵҲɵۺ۷ʵŸոտʼʱͿռ䷨֮
ΪǿԼͨʥǿߣҲδһĶ֣
ΪȻʵ̫̫ˣ
׿ڻбҪƭڸոտʼһ˿ʱ䷨֮÷ſɶԣ
⡭ô֪糹׵Ȧˡ
ʱ䷨֮Ϳռ䷨֮ǿĶô֪Լڸʲôأ˵ôϸ£
ΪԼˣһǲԵװԼߣ
ɼԵףҲ֪
׹һЦҲ¸㣬ܹ֮սʤ㣬ǱѾʱͿռ䷨֮޿ڶʱڸµ
ֻҪ۾ܹҳΪǿߣ۵۾κεҪɾ޶
ˣ
һεǺˣ
ǿ߰ջ֮֮ղŵѪҪǿϺܶ౶
ѪջѾǵסˣοأ
ǶģڵҲѾû·ˣ
ο˵ڵʲôҪƭԼ
ǺãȻ˵ĻӦÿԸ֮޹һЩ˰ɣҪ֪Ķʵ࣡
׿ɵΪʲôڻ˵Ŀ
ҪջֶΣʵϵɵۺڵǿߣѪʵҲһЩ׶˵ġ
˵ǲ飬ǿɾԼԺ֮еļ䣬Ҳûκεİ취
þ˸ֶΣΪľ˵񱦲صܣ
۾Ҫ֪ʲôɿʵ
񱦲أ׿Ҳ¶һ˿ڴ֮ɫ
ֻǵ˵ĸֵʱԿԸоóɵ˱仯




2714񱦲صܣ
 

񱦲أ
ĸһ˲Ҳǰ
һԵĽҲǾ㵵ʵԭ۾֪񱦲صĴڰ
ô峤Ҳ֪Цʵ
۾ǵ֮ǰἰĳһ֮£
ף˿ҲһĴ㵣
뵽һȥˣԭֻΪҪлһף
ƺԼؿȥ˼Ѿûʲôˡ
Ϊ˼ҵһ֮ˣĻ
ڲϢ϶ҪԼõϢҪ׵Ķ࣡
׹һֵ峤˵˵
ڴˣҡһǲҪ׳˰ɣЩ˼˵
ȷ
£˵˵ʵҲû̫ˣ
翴ʵ۾ΪʲôȻҪ񱦲صܣ
ղѾ˵ˣҪ磬ȻҪѰйصĶˡ񱦲ؼȻģȻй֮ﲻ𣿡
׿ҲǷʵ
ɵͷȷһĴ˵ֻǵ۾֪񱦲صأ񱦲廨ʱҲûд򿪹
ǲв޲в𣿡ŵ˵
⡭ҲԣϾ۾ӵѪ˵ܹ񱦲Ҳ˵أΪͬĵͷ
ԭΪΌ޵飡Цŵ
ҧҧ֮ǰһĻܿܡ룬ǵ۾ܹõҵ˵ҲֵһЩôǣ
һﻹǹʵڵģ˵ҲʵĲˣ
⻰Ҳ˲Ϊ
ɻȥΪķⱦص
ο׵õ˵ֻкôûл
ҲҪ֪񱦲صǸʲô
ЦŵȻ˵Ļ֮ͺùͨˣ񱦲ںδ
ʵھ֮ܲڣⲢʲôܣֻ֮˲֪ѣ
νĻشҲ뿪ˣ
ѾΪ׵ˣԼԺ˼ҵˣҴŻʲôҪ
׵ͷʵʲôط
ʵĹ㳡һεͼǸεͼʵӦþڣֻôʼս벻У
Ҳ̾һʵ񱦲ܵ˲
Ǻֻܶûѣ
ţǰλ۾Ļˣܹɹ
ü񱦲ĲʲôܣôǾû˴򿪹񱦲ȻǵĹ屦ô˵ĸأ
Ͳö֪ˣܹԵķǼԹˣղŵ۾ʵҲûеѪһֱδֹǵ۾ѪǿһԣɹĸʻһЩ
Ҳ˵ʵױҲΪӦģ
Ȼ廨ô˼˵Ҳų
ȻųѾˣѪδôһȥʵһ£
Ǳôһ˵Щȷˣ
üʵ֮ǰȸһǷйأ
û뵽۾Ȼ֪ˣҲǾ㵵ʵ
׵ͷֻ˵ѣҪ֤һ
ȷйأΪ飬ʵѾﻮ˺ܾãȸһͬġȻˣмҲһЩвֶΣϾȸһ岻ĵ塭
Ҳǽľ΢˵һ¡
׵ͷȸһĵϵѪϽ룬Ҳ鷽֮һˣ
䡭ʵ飬ǻϿȷ
ǿȷĻôô궼ûĳأѹҲš
̾һ峤żȻõһ˵飬ͼһֽ񱦲صķһȷһΰ˾Ųʮˣ
ŷֵģüʵ
˵ĻôҪֹһˣ
磬ǾǵϵѪʱʵڲеĻȸһһˣ
񱦲ؾԲܹ֮˽Уʱ¿Ȳ
ʵ׾ãӵѪ֮ӦǿԽⱦ֮еģ
ǰǰǰŷֵģһεʵϾΪ˽񱦲أ
һ̾˵Щǽ峹׵׵ĸ˰
׿ͷ֪ˣһε񱦲кôȻҲһݣ
л۾
мȼָоһıŤ
΢΢ͷ޲ɢ֮ϯСĸĸ˸һ°ɣҪˡ




2715ǰȸһ
 

ֻһ˳Сǽ֮У
ǳ׵ķˣǰλ۾Զ
뿪˳һ֮һ·
ȸһķ򼲳۶ȥ
˿̣
׵Ƕһֻ߲ãѰ֮˲֪߲ñѰã
Ѱع屦ʵһֻδʹã
ѰʵԱȽϵĵ£ֻܹͨѪķʽѰòһ˿Ĺͨ
һ㻹֮ǰСţĲ֪ôѰùͨ
Ͼδûεһûκεķʽȥͨġ
һһã½ȸһǰš
׶ͨɽ籦Ѿû̫ȤΨһȤıĶ
һѰѰҵĶҲ֮Ϊɽ֮׾ѰҲûбҪȥѰˡ
ΪȱЩ
֮νǿһ·ѰøûκεΪȥһеСӣ
ȥȸһأ·;ңԶȴδ̫ż
ȻоȴҲһ·ķɫҲǱһ飡
ʱ䣬׺Ѱüûʲô̫谭
Ҳǵǿʶжϣ˵ķҲû̫Ĺϵ
˷ǰҪĿĻΪ誣ԼͽĸףһҪһء
֪񱦲صŲСĹϵǲԹˡ
ף߲ã
׵ִһɽ֮µʱһλŮߵѰõʱ֮Ҳǳһĸо
СŮߣһһŮȥЩ
ϢǷǳŨصģ
׵ʵǿᵽ˼ñ޷ĵزºܶ嶼ѡ׽нˣ
תͷǰһһŮǸСŮʱҲЩɻʵ£
磬߲ܲҰ
ǸСŮһаģףȥڴ֮ɫ
СŮλŮЩǸȻ˵ԲǰССϲСӣԲŻ˵ðǰ
Ǻǣ⵹޷ֻ߲øҶ꣬Ҳϱˡ
һ߲ãҲ͸ˡ
Ѱã˾ţ֮ŵõģô׵ĸȥأ
οǰ⼸˸ͲʶȻСŮͦɰġ
ǰ˵ЦˣҲСС⺢Ҫ˵Ķģʵ̫ûòˣ
ŮӸǾЩ˼ҲЩǸȻ˵
׵ǾЩ֣⼸֮˵ĿǷǳĺ
Ҫ֪֮һֱƵģ˿Ĳ
λǷһˣЦʵ
⼸˵ıʵ׼ǿԿóġ
·һգ
Ůߵ˳׹ֵһҲһǳ塣
ʵȻȲĴ壬ȴҲһ塣
ǰһһŮȥᣬʵȴҲ൱Ĳ˶Ѿɻʾ۷ǿߣ
ССŮȥͲ츳ӦҲǷǳĲ
ΪʵҲѾǴﵽڵʵ
ȻˣʵȴҲһŶۣΪЩľԴУһЩʱͱһҪ߳ܶࡣ
ּ򣡡ײδ˵Լʲô壬Ϊ͸Щ롣
ԭǰλҵλҵŮССŮӣǰ߶ţǰ
յ̬һֱǺǫ׵һζ˲˲ĸо
֮ǰС𡢻롢ۻ˵ˣҲǲʶ
ǰ⼸˵ʵҲ׵һûжֵĵġ
װڰֵ߶̸ϣССǺܿɰġ
磬ǡҸһ𣿡ССҲЩڴ˵
ССݵú֣տԼŮҲ
׹һֵ޷޷
⡭Ѿͷʵ̫Ƥˣǲ˼֪ǰǰδǰĻǰ治ԶҷһأǰһˮΣ
տףҲ̯̯ԵЩΣ
ȸǻжԶ׿ʵ
ȸǣԶˣǷһ֮󣬾ȸҲһ·̡Ƿһȸһġ
Ҫȥȸһ壬ҲЦ
գǻ߰ɣȻǰ¾ͲҪ˼ˡһεĺÿͣҲǲ廰
ƺ̫ӭ£Ȼ˵Ļĳǣ
׿óΪѵӣҲһ֮ˣȻ˼ѴҲνˡ
ѾǾȸǲԶˣ
ǰ
һᣬҲֻǿóʮֵΪѣ




2716֮
 

պͬʱסף
һССڴƺЩĲ̣ӿȥȷǺΪѣ
ǰ֮ǰ˵еǰһʵʱ򲻱ǰǰ
ƺЩҲ̽͵
һԴҲЩ˼˵ǷѣҶˡǰǻߴһɣԺлᣬĳһǰ񣡡
޷׿Ҳǰڰֵ
ʵҲó˲ʲôСǼˣ෴ǰ⼸˿νĵĺܡ
ֻ˼Լ֮Ҳùѯʣ
˼ȻҲûԼֵ˼Ҳȥѯˡ
һЦССϽ߲ûǰ

ССȻʵԻСӵԡ
ССǰأҲЩ
ССԼĸ׵ҲŲҪȥأǲ˵ȥпܻСС뿴״˺ĸ״
˵տԼŮ
һԵҲ̴ССжѰãȻݸ׵ǰǣ
˵꣬շ򸾴ССѾʧһƬռ֮У
ҰҰ죬Ҳһƣ
СС˵ôһĻ׻ĻһЦ֮ˡ
ССһ仰ƺ׵ң
ˣ಻ǵһ顭
ҡҡͷԼĲرĵˣ֮˵ʱ
ʵղշп϶£ҪȻü֮Ľ֮ɫҲ˵Ũأ
˼ҼǵͷԴԼܹһһۣ
⵹׾Щܿɹˣ
շ򸾵ʲôѣö֪
շ򸾵һԽѣټϷһҲǲ塣
׾þ͵Լһưɣ
Ϣ
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ԿԿóպĸνǺõٺˣ
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ǰΪ峤Ҫȫ֡񳤱ԳһıȸһڳǸûа취Կǡ
ҲǿĵȰο
һŮˣȰԼԼͬŵԼⱾһǳʹ飡
ҶǳԳûʲôȤǱƻ鲻ΪǷһѣƾʲôҪ裿
տҲŭһ
գȻǹǿÿ飬ΪǳԳһһ׵Ȣòɣ
Ԭܸգ
Գһ峤ʵ֮Ҫǿ᲻٣
һֻѾ̤ɵ۾磬Ȼôһ㣬ǲʱ⡣
տǰ֮ˣҲ֮дһ˿ĵ֮ɫܵĻһԵԼŮСС
ЦһԼ£ʲôϵ
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ճǾԣ㻹ΪǷһǳԳһ壿
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ԬܸյǸֳһĨ֮ɫ
͡ȸһ峤ô
մ˿˵ĵѾȫ͸ղŲһˣ˵һͳԳһһֱǲͣ
ֻⳤԳһпűȸһɽ֪ĻǷһҲҪĽడ
ߣ컹ӲȻ˵ĻҾɱŮٿǲôӲ
ԬܸĿһ䣬ȭͷѾǳķɱ




2717±峤
 

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С֮ɵĿĻצ
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ߣӦԼԼ֪ץҵܵܣҸ״ôӦСˣ
յ֮ҲһƬŭ𣬿
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һԶշ򸾺ССˣҲһĴ㵣




2718¼
 

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Ҳǳ׵ķˣһֻбΪ潵ģŮ˱ƻ˵ģ
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Ϊһûκεİ취
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գʹӦǰɡЩ˺ѷε˵
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һԵССԼĸ׿ҲǲԾĿϾ˵Ǹӣ
ʹ౧ͷƺûôһ˵ļѣ
ѣֺοôΪأߣ߱ǡ
׿գֻһֱһ˵Ŀɿڴ

һﻹǸҺ߰
˿̵ԬܸѾֱһ˹һƼҪױ׵ѹ




2719¼뵣
 

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յִһʱѾǱȺ˸Χסˣ




2720㲻ҵĶ
 

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ԳһռҪĻǺڡ
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Բѣ
һ׵Ļƺĳֱִ̼ӱ㶯ˣ




2721ֵۣ
 

һ壡
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ղŶ۾˵˼ҿʶȸһǿߵģа취Ҳ˵أҲûʲôϣȻϣȻҪȡϣֻ֮һ
տԼŮˣҲЩ۵˵
˴˿̵ȼָӣ׺ȥıӰҲǴԼŮ̸ȥ
Կԧ·ǵȴе̷һ㡭




2722ȸһΣ
 

һܲ
峤д˿һȻĶڴ֮ϣȥһˣ
鷳ĺܣ
ҪԼһ˾һȴôҲ
ԼĶӵȷǷǳ㣬ΨĳЩʵ̫ԭ
÷һܵѹѹڳԳһ壡
ĳԳһ죬۷һȴ˶̾Ϣ
ķһǳ壬أ
ԼĴȴһղһգһСܳԳһ嶼ˣ
ڸóԳһ˾ʵ˾ÿϧĺܣ
һθиоûеطţԼĶӾȻһŮ˸ƻˣ
˼ǴҪԼĶ׸˰
ֱ泱
ʲô취أԳһԼʵǣȸһĳǾҪ÷һ嶪ˣ
һǰԳһĵһ峤ԬǴһǿ߱ƹŭգ
סˣһǽԼĶӸ˻
ûа취
ԼĶӲӣʱǷܴѵʱˣ
ڵоҪԼĶӵҸȡһ崭ϢĻᣡ
峤ˡ
´Ŷ峤֮λУҲǹ
пֿ֮˿һԵףȻʵţأ
峤һ͵Ź
̾һӣ֪ͷˡλǣ
磬λĶ۾̵ֵۣΪ׵ݣҲȻһ̬ȡ
ʲô۾
ֱӴԼϱQһ㵵Ŀʵ
׿Цŵ峤Ѿãһᣡ
йһЦţĳʵʧԶӭֵ
Ͳˣһ˵ҲΪ峤΢΢һЦ
һ㶵Ҷ˶۾˵Ļĳո۾ǡ
峤һʣһ峤ҪЮȻǲԹ۵ģ
׿ϱһĨŵЦݣ
ֵ˼ǡ
Щ׸Ū֪׵ʲô˼
Լأû뵽˯Ȼ˸ͷˣ
еüͷҲⶫ۾Ȼ˵ġ
νǿѹͷߣ尡
ǰλ˻ʣ˭أ
֮ԭǲͣټϳԳһıǿڳ
޵˼峤Ӧ׵İɣ׿һе
Ȼףɶ۾Ӧ֪һ飬壡п֮ҲǱŷһ˿ɻ֮ɫ
ΣЦŵֻҪ飬ûмֹܹˣ
۾»֪һεĶ˭ɣǶ۾֮˵Ļĳ
оλ֮еĶ۾ԸǺʹ֮еһ
첻µز£
˵һ۾ʱţ棬˻ʳ۾նɱ۳̫ӣ
Ƕ½Ϊǿ۳۾³֮³۬
һʱҲɽĸ·Ⱥۣܶ˶Ϊǲ˼飡
鼸ڿһʣӦġ
λ۾˵ĻҲЩ֪Ӧ˵ɶˣ
峤ҪޣһεĶĴ֮һȸһ𣿡
׿ҲݸһЦʵ
ô˵۾֪ˣЩʵ
Ǻǣ֮ǰպ͵˵£ȸһأ׷ʵ
ȸһΣǡȻǲˣǵʵȷ˲ҴⰡ
˵ҲǼΪĺʵȸһҪһ壬ǲǷַӵ飡
ѲûܹƵסȸһ𣿡׷ʵ
еȻУɡЩ˭ܹϰ
̾һܹȸһĻû˵ˡ
ȸһȥ͸Ҫʲô岻ˣ
Ҳǲʶȸһ嵹Ҳô鷳Ҳʶ˵ġǳԳһ塭
׵Ļû˵꣬ʱѾһλ˼Ҵҵ˽
ûйˣŭһ
ͨһ¹µ峤ˣ²ˣԳһ˴ˡ
ǣ˵ܲٲܲپ͵
״һ˿ϷʵһԵպոոϵߣûüԼĸ״кû뵽ԬܸѾǴˣ
˿̣ΪŵĪкһԸˣ
Ҫ֪һԳһ巭ǿûлͷˡ




2723°׳գ
 

գҹ
һȺ֮⣬ۼ˲°ˣ
ЩһɫĶǳԳһǿߣεĿҲɻʾڵǿߣ
һεĳԳһ壬ǳ˳峤֮еս
ԣԬܸյһжʧܣ׵ļŭ˳Գһˣ
ԭΪԼץգһҲǰưͣ
û뵽·ɱҧֱƻǵļƻ
Ԭܸ֮ǰδƴһΪоԼʵǸһŲСĲ࣡
Ǽһʵɵ۳֮ϣֻһֻ̤ɵ۾磡
˵ʵϻɻʾ۷ѣ
ߵĲνǵһ㣬Ԭܸ˶Σȥȱˣ
νѪټ֮ǰôˣһεĳôҲһǣ
ȻԬܸյʵЩ֮вôһ޷ģ
Ǳݣ
ǳԳһ峤λȨصĴڣ
νɮ濴棬Ԭܸô˵Ҳһţϵ
Ԭܸգ㵨Ⱥôĵӣ
д˿̳Ⱥǰһһ򵱹Īƣ
ֻҲЩΣڵ֮ҲǸ˺ܶ࣡
λ½Ķ۾ͻȻ֣ԭ׼ֿķһԥ
Ϊ峤Ҳһֱ˼ڻϿζ
ҲǣҲǣ
Ϊ䲻һǱȺ
Ĵκ˶ǳܲģпɲԼȺôԼ
ȥĻԺôԼأ
˿̵ҲֻܹӲͷƤһԳһ峤Ȼ˵߷
Ϊ峤ô죿
ˣ
д˿̵̬ȣοڸ׻δ̸ףڵ̬ȻЩģɵĸо
ߣУ㻹ǸС˰
ԬܸյԱߣԬһЦ
ΪԳһĳǿߣҲλڶʵϲһε
ԬܸողŲҪйһ£
ԬǳԳһ岻Ҫôߣ
пԬҲͬ˵
ôôԬûнзУ
ȻͬΪɵڵ𣬿ɷһҲһλɵڵѣ
ǶĳԳһɾͲһˣӵλɵڵ
Ԭһλ
һԬһεǰ˵˴˿̳Գһŭ𣡣
Ԭ㻹Ϊҷһǲɣ
ԭƽ𽥵׵ķбʵҲЩͨˡ
ôҵĻţʹأ
ⳤԳҪǷһĻֹܹģ
У첻㻹ƢˣԵĿͷǲడӴǼ峤ô㣿
ԬУҪ֣
һҪǿǰ׵ȻǻȥȢǵĴС㣡
һ棬ʵһԬ˹ΪץǸԼ峤ˣ
˷һ飬¶Ԭ˵ʲôż飡
һ˽ԭΪȸһ峤ǰֻ䣡
Ҫǳʲô۶ӣֻյʱֳĻǵʱ򳤱Գһľǵȸһ峤ˡ
ȸһ峤ⲻԺĺӻҲ͵ͷˡ

ڵԬԲ鷢Ҳ峤ǵ
壬Ƿô໰ʲôֱһΣ
Ԭܸմ˿ŭģǿ׻ö˶˵վǱߣ֮м˻棡
Уڸһλᣬպʹ峤֮ˣôˣ
ԬУҲֺ˵
ԬҷﵱǳԳһҪ˾Ҫˣ
е̬ҲǽӲһһԵף
׳΢΢ͷд˿̵ƺӵֱͦһЩ
ô˵ǲӦˣǿֻбԼˣ
ԬǸֳһĨЦĿ⳹׵׵ϣ
Ԭ㻹ǺΪ֮ɣλǷһĹ͡ŭһ
ͣǷһĹͣǱǳԳһĵˡСӣԼԹԵ־ܣǱԶ֣һ㣬ǱĳˣͶĻᶼûˣ
ԬףǹѹƺΧоһĺ䣡
׳գ
׿ԬţӣҲǷ˷۵
ֻ֣ǳ׵ĵȼԳһŭ




2724һ
 

Գһ˶סˣ
һֱưȻǸ峤ǰ׳գ
ԬܸԼ׵ϣһҪȥˣ
ֻڣ֪Լ׵Ķ֣ҲǷĿףȴް취
ԬԱߣһԬµЦһƿС֪ߵغ񡣶磬ɣ
ԽȥɣҰһж˿Чȣ
ԬԼĵܵܣͬǳԳһĸ峤ԬԽҲһ
ͷİɣСҷַӾ
ݣ
δ䣬ԬԽѾǳ룡
ĳ͵ȷǷǳ˧һ·ĸо
ɵۼǿߣһһȫ
˧ĳƺûмֵӵʱ䣬һһӡѾǳԬԽϿգ
׵Ĩһ˿ЦѾֱ㶵ĳԬԽڵķλ
׼ݣ
⼸ԬԽκεĻᣬԬԽոճһ
Ȼû֣ȹҲԬԽˣ
¡
ԬԽԭΪһʵƽƽҪֱӲ׵һ
һûĿȴѾǱһֱӸѹ뵽˵ص֮У

һһУ׼ûж£ֱӽһλɵ۳ڵǿ߸ĸʵҲûжܹɣ
⡭ÿֲʵ
пŲԶ׵ĳ֣ҲЩզ˵
һ߸֮ǰԼŵ˶׵ָй٣
λ۾ǿޱȣǾɽ绹ûж೤ʱļһţܹţʲôطأ
ڣǲ֪˼Ƿǳţ
ţʵָо
ԬԽʵѲɻȻȲԼɱ֮ԼҲ̫ˣ
һһֱѹƣΪⳤԳһĸַǳĶ
ڿԬԽͻȻˣں׵£еܲأ
ΪÿԷһλ֣Ǿ൱ΪԺһҪ鷳л㲻ɣ
峤ˣһǷһ˵ĿԷ
Ҳǵ˿̿óǳļ
ڱԳһѹƣ˭Ҳ̫ܰ
ֻƺŶķչΪһĸ峤ȻǼˣ
ҲǼ˵ǰϣ˰գСӵǺõ찡
״ˣĿ԰Ƕɹѹ𣿡
յлôģ֪Ѷʵ̫ˡ
׵ʵһչֳҲĴˡ
ֻǴǳԳһˣǵıȸһĴڰ
˭ܹ֪أԳһѾûκε·ˣǷһҲӦӲһ˰
пԼĶӣҲǱԼ̬ȣ
ռĿе״ˣľԳһ˺˰
ϣһο˳һЩɣѾûлͷ·𣿲С˵ҲǶԵģվҲ֮ҲᱣȺƽģ
д˿̶ЩŲԶףҲһЩ
ȻʵǿǳԳһǳսĻǿҲǳԲ
մ˿̻ЩǵĿŲԶף
̾һϧһд۽Գһ˸
磬˼
ſҲ̵
ѾȸһǲŹҷһôҲŹġⳤԳһѾǴǼſڣǻԴеĻǶ۾ǣԼ쿴Լˣ
Ѿ˼ȶ˵Ȼǿ
ȻҲǼ尾ĺܣ߳һǱûκεĻͷ·ˣ
˵ʵеϣѹ׵ϣ
ϣλ۾ܹʶһЩȸһǿߣʱ򼴱ӮˣҲڱȸһɵǣ
ģ
һжڶɣ
ڶģͬԬֺγڶأ
ֻԬˣԭΪԼĵܵԬԽɱݽһ㣬ڿô£
ԽôˣԬԼĵܵܿѪҲǼҴҵʵ
磬ǡǼһǿ
˵꣬ԬԽѾǻ˹ȥһԳԳһһæҵΪԬԽƣ
ߣСˣҲѾˣ
ԬݺݵĿף۹ƺԳһ㣡
ֻǼע⵽Ԭ˵ͬʱԬܸʹһɫԬܸһѾʧ˵ĸǰ




2725ºٻԬ
 

ԬܸȻ뿪
ʵע⵽˲еԭ׼ţ
Ǳ׸ֹˣ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôҪֹԬܸȥȱȴҲʱʣ
ϾԬǱأҲöʲô
ֻдѾԿһЩ仯ˣԬǺˣ
ʵϣ
ԬЩˣղһֱԼĵܵԬԽˣ
ȻԬҲͣǾԲôɣ
һжϣСӵʵѾԼ֮ϣ
ʲôʱһôĽɫˣ
ԬԴҲ벻˵˭
ԬɫصӣԳһҲٴһ㣡
֪һԬʧˣ
ǾζǵĹǳ׵ûˣʱŪûҪһ壡
֮ǰ붼û뵽鰡
ˣ
Х
ԬԶף֪ԼĵܱܵˣֵĻԺǸЦ
ڵʵ£ԬҲֻܹӲͷƤӦսˣ
ȭ
һ˵ֱҳգƺҪһƬռ˺һ㣡
վȭĵһ㣬֮ɳʯ
ȭ
׵һȣȭͷҲǳԬķϮ
ԬͷƤ飡
оһɼΪǿƺԼ
룬һԬһĳ嶯
Ѿˣ
׵ȭѾԬûκܵĿԣ
¡
ȭγһ޴У
֮бŷޱȺ˵
γɲһӵĹƺѸٵĳΧɢ
ߣĴһӣһɿ񱩵Ѿת֮У
Ԭûôˣ
ǹɺ˵ѾԬԾ˿ͷ˱һɺ˵ɳȥ֮Զ
أ
˿̵ԬѾʾԼı壬Ǳģ
˴Գ˱壬⻹ͷһ⣡
ԬԼҲû뵽һһƳǿԼ
Ǵ˿ԼȴѾǳһĨʹУ
ˣ
ԬԼĿڣϸֳһĨҰ֮ɫ
峤ˣû°ɣ
Գһ˼ԭǹ۸һģڿעҪ˸۸ˣ
ȻһغϣѾǸУ
ڵԬ𻹺ö˶˵վߣôȥĻ¼ǿɵڵԬҲֻķˣ
־壡
˿̵ĳԳһǿһĿףһӱЩ֪
㡭㾿ʲôˣ
ԬĿһ£ҲǷʵ
̫Ĺ˰
СӵʵѾԶԶһ֮Ϳ԰ƽԳһˣ
ǿôǼ֮أ
ԬΨһ̣¾ȸһˣ
ȸһ嶼вһĻûˣ
Ҳѡ񣬵һǳԳһ峤ԹѵǸڶѵĻԼʹϣǴӦԷȺˣ򡭡
ƺشԬ⣬ֱ
СӣΪЩʵͿ˵𣿱Ҳ¸㣬ȸһ峤ͣҪպСĻΪ˭
ԬŭһС̫
ĴӦ˵ĻԺ󳤱ԳһҲ̧ͷˡ
ᱻ˿߿һ˵ˣ
˧ԬǾԲܴӦģɱﵣ
ȸһ壡
ɱﵣʵѾһĶˣ
׿Ԭ˵ȸһ峤ΣȻִ£Ǳ˼ɣ
㡭Ĳ𣿡Ԭ𳹵׵ı׵̬ȸˡ
ֲȸһˣҲҵű˵˵Ļ

׵仰ֱԬоһı
һﴵţҲݸ壿
ȸһУ壬˭ôţأ
һԲˣΪеϢǾܹܵõģ
Բѣһ᱾𿴿ȸһķ峤ˣ㻹û˵Ļ
ԬЦһȼʵЩ׾ӣ
׵ν˵㲻ѾǸԬܸȥ𣿱֮Բɱ㣬ǵĵ
һβԬɵˣһԵеҲǵɴ۾ף
ⶫ۾Ҳ̫˰ɣȻȸһ峤У
Ҫ֪ǿĳǿ߰
˭ڵű壬ûмô峤˵أ
ڴ˿̣һԶƺһ˿ζ




2726´۾һĻ
 

һƬȻ
һ弸ס
֮һĻɫģֵһ̣˶һĻˣ
ʻƣ֮֮βƹ
ȸ
֮еĴ֮һҲΪǿ壡
һֳΪҫ۵Ĺâ
ݣ
ȸֵһ̣һӰûγ˵ĸǰ
ȸһ峤ĻǷһҪ군˰
ֹ군Ҷʣ°ɣǿȸһ尡
ⳤԳһǲҪԼŪǾȥˣ
һοڽ˰
һ˼֪ǸԳһ֮ĶԹ
յҲǿһ
ʲô취أ²òͷ
ķһôĲڳһ֪ʲôطðǿߣ
˼ȴֱӽռBOSSˣ
ȸһ峤һѾǳˣ
кŴ˿Ҳʶ˺˼ǵɫʮֵѿ
һԵյҲǺòʲôطȥλȸһ峤ͻȻ֣ԭϣһεʧˣ
оԼҪϢˣ
Ѿǿˣһ˿ƺҪԼĸǰ
ĸоǵöʧһ㣬Щܲˣ
峤ˣӦô죿
ſԼĴ磬ҲЩɵˣһûĹǣ
гƵ˵Ǹǻǻ㲻Ȼ峤ˣҲֻܹˣ
ǽ
ſУҲ΢΢̾һ
ֻǵǻҪȥʱȴλȸһ峤Ѿǻĳ׵ķ˹ȥ
ʵϣ
֮ǰʱģҲ˲Сı仯ȻǸ֮ǰƣѾǱñ֮ǰҪ̫ˣ
׿Ŷ泯ԼǸһʱҲЩ΢΢֣
ĲǵԼǼһ

СӵˮȸһȺôãǱԼƭ˷ţ
û뵽ȻطһεСӣ
˵ǴĲأ
ֻôҲû뵽ǿν峤Ȼһ
˿ҲЩԺǰ˿ȥЩϤһʱỹЩ벻ˣ
˵Ҳͣһӡ棡
Դɽֱ֮ӳΪȸһ峤ﻹǵһЩأ
ڿ׵һ̣Щɻ
оԼʲôطףҲ΢΢üоأ
Ƿ
׵ǷǳֱӣȻȷһǷˣ
׵ͷ֪峤ƺҲʲôϡɣ
ǻԵӦǵڶμˣ
׿ŷҲ΢΢һЦŷǽģ̨ĸо
ʲôط
ԭֻĸо׿֮ƺҲЩȷĸо
ϸĻţѹҲûȥ룡
Сǹ˶°
׿ŷֻ˵еĿɿڴ
ͬһȦĻмҴҸϹĳԳһ峤Ԭ޿һԭ׼ЦԬԬܸգ
ֻǾҪ죬ҲǲҲ廰ˣ
ߣŸ峤׽ֱ˵ʲôط㵽˭
׵ӣҲЩŭ
СӿȥڵϷԼ
ҵϷȸһ峤һ￴Ҳǻ˰
Сˣף
׿ŷӣû˵
㡭˭ףСӣ
ףһ㶣漴ֱǰһܱ
ԭΪҪ׵ĵԼ۾
ⶼʲôʲô
ȸһ峤һֱǷǳİԵֵģû뵽ڿСӾȻô飿
һʱ䣬Գһ弸ˣ
׿ŷԼû˵СӸҴסҶûκεȤ
ȥѾ˵ʲôأȥˣһֱûлᰡû뵽СӾȻܵҵˣһɵúúõһӰ

ôһϯ֮󣬳Գһ˶ˣ
Ļָλȸһ峤ΪԼͷˣڿ˼ˣ
׺ͷӣһ˷ˣԳһ˲Ъˣ
ǲ֪ȴǵĵʲôĽ֡




2727·ۻ˵Σ
 

һȺǰ
һԭΪΣƺⲻһζԻ֮ѾǱ֮У
еһĨ֮ɫԱ
ԭԳһʲôȸһ
ȸһ峤۾Ȼʶ֪ѾڳԳһˡ
һߣ
Գһ峤Ԭ޿ǰһУǰһڣ
ֻڶ˵ǿŶˣ
׺ͷ̸˸
Զ
׿ŷҲ΢΢һЦˮһû뵽һˣʵѵõĺܰ
˵ף㲻Ǹ֮еĶ۾ɣ֮ǰŶ½½һλ۾ƺ
ʵѾȷ׾Ƕ۳ĵ۾
Щ̫ţΪ׵ʵ֪ġ
û뵽һﾹȻչô죬ɽֱӺһ¾ͳΪɽĳ
׿ŷһЦСӵ޵ĸǰקĸһʵޣ
Ҫ֪Ժܷչҵ㵱Ҵˣ
뿪Ц˵óͦġ

ҲǳĲ׻ķˮ𣬷ȻǸӵˡ
Ҳ֮飬ûʲô˵ģ
ˣŷӵСԺȸһ峤ѡ޵磬ҪͶ޵˼ˣ
̾һôװɽ磬ҲǿͻƵɵڶѣҪΪȸһ峤Ҫﵽɵۺ۷Ĳΰɣǲ񾳽磡
ɵúúŬ˰ˣʶۻˣ׿ŷʵ
ۻˣȻʶ˰ǿǵȸһĳǿߡֻʧˣͻȻˣʲôҲ֪֪
ףҲЩɻʵ
ۻ˻صȺ֮δ˵ЩԼȥʲôط
ڵĴƺҲǲ̫
ҾȵģҲҵֵܣЦŵ
ȵģһҷۻˣɴ۾ʵ
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ۻ˻صȺ֮Ĵϣ̾һ
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Щε˵׵ɫҲЩо̫˼ˣ
Ͼۻ˺׵ĹϵԼҲǹϵġ
׿ŷʵû֮ǣ
ʱӦûУĸ׿ѹ顣ǷһֱҪ÷ۻء΢΢һ̾
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ȸһ̫ܶһǳŵȨǷǳĴģ㶮˰ɣ
ףҲֻܹ˵ʵˣ
֮ǰɽһЩ֣ȫԲµóһ׵ȸһѵĻʱʲôĺ
οöһܱȶһҪõöɣ
ĸҲҪˣüͷ
ͷǰɡĸȺ֮ϻһЩȨģϾȻȨܴ󣬵ǲʲô鶼֡ҪʲôĻǾͻᶯǵȨˡ
ĸΪ峤ӦҲǳŵĳԱɣıӦҲ֧ߵİɣײʵ
ȻˣŴϷĸ׵Ҳ˺ܶˡˣ̸ĵˣҲ⻼ɣĺˣȻۻѣȻҲ㼫ȡģ
ףҲ̵
׵һ˿ĺ˭ҪǸɱ޵ˣޱȻ֮أ
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ޱɭĿ⣬ûһ£
⻹ǵԼǸС
׵һһŵϢ˲Ȼһ˿ľ⣬Ƿĵһֺ£
ɱ嶯ȸһĵ̡ʵǿҲȸһ֣ⲻҸĸΪ𣿡
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ţ˵ҽ㣿ҲһȻ
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һҪĿȻҪˡ
׿ŷԾģҲǵ˵




2728·ѡ
 

㣿
׿ŷҲЩɻʵ
Цһ׽㣬Zĸ׵ĽֻǴ̫ˣҲ׽ɡ㡭Ҫ㲻ǸҿЦɣ
˿̵ķܹһż
Ҳ̫˼ˣԼλҲ;ˣ
û뵽ʱȻ׸ˡ
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οǵ˸ˣǲԼùµʱǣĻȸһ壡
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ʵ֪Ѿһλ˸飬Ϊӵһк
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Ȼ֪ʲôӰ𣿡׵˵
Ƶ˵ףҿҶǴˮǳģҲһ䣡ȻʵѾǿˣǰ㲻ʲôġοһǿҪô㡭
ҲĵҪô׵̬÷о춼ĲȥˣʵΪʲô
Ϊ޵ͽܵĸף޴ӦԼͽҪĸ׻ȥ
׿ŷҲǳ
Ҳ̫ɺһЩɣҲ˼аʵ˵ʵҲԸ⿴Z޸˵Ӧ֪ʵǿȸһ֮ϵĴڡ
֪һʵҲ֮٣
޵İ취ȻĽ㣬Ҳϣ޸塣ǲӦðأ
׿ŷҲǺٺһЦʵ
㣿ôһˣǵʱ۵Ŀȸһ尡Ƶ˵
׿ŷӣҲǳȸһҲǵС󱲰޿ΪԼͽôǷ׽㣬Ȼߴùģ
ף˵ĵɣҲ̸ģ֪һεǳżٳɵģʱҪôˣ˵ǶԿ壬ȸһһؿ¾͹ˣΪĸԸ⽫Z޸𣿡
ŭһȻҲ쳣ģ
׿ŷͷȻĻǾͼˡֻҪ޽ȸһ壬ʱԼˡ
ȷҪôһεȷʵ
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׿ŷҲǱ˼
ʵȷԭ׵Ĵ㣬ֻڶһ񱦲ضѣ
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û뵽ȻһҪҽ㣬ЩȻˣԾͰһѡ
ףҧҧ
׹һЦӺɷνΪЩҪȥġǳɳΪʲôΪĲǱԼļ˺һ㶼Ǽǳʲô壿
ֲ٣˵ʵľҾͱȲϰ
һβһĸо׵Ҳǵ
ղ˵ҪޣʱĿʵ
ȰڣҪĸȸһվһߣȱҪƽҡΪǷϣԡ
ףҲǵ
ֻҲԼС˼ģԼĸȸһѾǵλȹˣ
ҲǿԽ׵֣
ֻҪ˷ȸһ廹ĸ׷ɵ²
ǲǸղ˵Ҫɱ˷ۻ˵Ǹˣ׿ŷʵ
ǣ
ͷȻɺϣĿǰܹ׵Ҳֻôˡ
ڵʱԼĸ׵̬ȣǻľͲ˵ˣ
κ鶼һһĲ𣿸οһԵǿǿ߰
ãɽ׿ŷҲ¶һ˿Цݣ
ı󶯣
˿̵Ҳһ·ߣ
˽̸һ֮Ҳǳŷһķ򻺻˹ȥ




2729ɵ۵
 

һȺǰ
п׺ͷķ˹ҲСĹݼ峤
Ƿһ峤
ĵλǿɾǳȻģ
һ峤ǶǲΡΡ֣
ףܹ̩Ȼ֮
Ϊ׸һ·ϵˣ˵ˣ壬ֻҪûʲôޣҲʲôΣյġ
ǷȸһǾͲһˣ
ȸһ忴㲻˳ֱۣܹӽǲ࣡
һ峤ȫ˹ӭ峤ݣ
ЩηηĿŷȻڵķʶǸղ˿ȥϵӣû˵
ţ峤֪ˣ
΢΢ͷͷʮ㣡
׿ŷװβǣҲû˵˵ѾҸǰܲܲҪô
ϰˣϰˣ
ͷҲЩ˼˵
˵֮ǰԼ׻ܹƽƽĻôԼ֮׵Ѿֹһˣ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ˼ǸҸаԼȸһڲûлأ
ǲడۿɼĲ࣡
׿ŷЦŵһҵһСֵܣ
Ŷ˵⽻ѻǺܹ
ףҲЩƵ˵
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׿ŷЦŵԺʱ䳤֪ʲôˣҽֻƷʵգ
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׹Ȼһ۾Ǹ峤˵ôİޱߣ
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ôҲû뵽Լӱ˼Ҷ۾ֵˣ
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գ
һʲôʱѾǳΪ˷峤ֵˣ
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л峤̧
һӻǲ̫Ӧడ֪ԼΣˣ
ʲô峤峤ģԺҷˣɩˣЦʵ
ǣСĳŮССָָһԵ˵
ÿɰŮްٺһЦȻͳһ˿ɼ׵ŵǷ͸
磬ʵ̫˰Щɵˡ
һԵеҲӿˣ峤ȻͶԼŮ
һ͵ǿǾԵĺöƷ
ЦǺǵ˵ȻžˣգҸһЩҪȥȸһ崦һ£Ժлپۣ
֣֡ҡĲ֪Ӧôм㡭
տףˣ
ף󲻳ԼǶôң
׿չһЦԺû׼ҪȺæĵطڣ
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ֻ⻰лһ˻
һҪǰæʱ򣬱Ҫһͳɽʱˣ
׺ͷ뿪˷һȺ˿̵ȸһȴѾΪۻ˵˳ͻ
ȸһ峤Ϊ׵ԳŴϷΪ׵ȸһ´Ųģ
ǲĵĶǱȸһ㳡֮ϵķۻˣ
ֻǿŷۻ˵ӣ·Ҫˣȼٵһ㡭




2730ȸ
 

ȸһȺܲ
½֮أ˵ķ֮һĵطȸһռݣ
Ĵ壬ռİڽɽ
ȸһƮҡȺⶼͣ
ȸһڲ峤Ϊ׵һϵԳŴϷΪ׵һϵһֱǲϵĲģ
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ڷԱߵλȻȸһȨĳϷ
λȻڷ峤£ĳ̶ֳеȨЩʱԽ˷ɡ
˵ڸ峤ǻ೸⣬಩ĵһ״̬
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˿̵ķɫѿ쳣Ŀһ۷ϣۻĸ峤Ҳĸ߲㣬οϲϵĳͻѣ㲻·ϰɣ
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Ⲣص㣬ʵϷۻΪƵȸһǿߣһʱҲϵ
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еĿһӱ㼯һ˵ϣ
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ƾʲôȺأ
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ĿŷɵɣϽղ£Ӧնɱۻ˵飬֮仹Ժƽȥ
ô˵в峤ˣ
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в峤ǸˣҷΪȸһһһ⣬ҲӲȨֻҪΪ֮£ҷǷҲǣϾ˹ð
ϴŵһ˿ȵţ
ᮣ̫ñ峤ʧˣ
ɵɫѾȥԭЩƾеĳ棬ΪһӱЩ˷




2731³׷
 

ȸһ´
᮵ɫҲ쳣ΣЩ̧ͷŶķɣ
Ҫ֪һֱǷɵˣ
ֻһηͻȻѣԭΪǲ֮ķȴû뵽ԼһֱֱӱԼ
ֲ÷˵ʮ㣬ԭѾԼߵˣ
ɣȺƣ᮲ľܶѣֺα˵߳ŭأ
ϸֳһĨײЦݣ
ᮿŷɣҲǳŷɹ峤ˣϣΪۻðǱǶȺŵһƣƻȸһĹأ
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ɵԱߣһŭһ
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һƽⱻƣʱԿƳţȺ
Ϊ峤ǴȨգ
ԷߵļλȻŭɶˣ
¹Լ棬˭Ҳϣľ
İڰֵȻѡǱ峤ҲȨ棡ۻĸ߲㣬һӦ֪ڱҲȨ»ָݡ
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ⳤŵѲɻ
Цһһ㣬ǳųԱﵽ˫λʱ峤Ȩֱһλ
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סˣĳųԱѣ
ȷ峤˫ʱȨֱһģҲΪ˷ֹųԱѹ峤һȨ
ֻڵķƾʲôôأ
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İ취һۻ˵ļһ֣
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һۻɱĻôŵƵǰ¶ˡ
Щ߳ŭ
Σţ
ɿһԼߵĳϣҲһ
峤ˡ
λϴ˿Ҳ緢˵һӣӣȷǷǳˬ
峤ۻΪȸһ峤ŵʮһλϣ
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ΣۻԪϣһССĳųԱܹ׵Ķģ㻹ûнУ
ɵʲãŷҲǺüԣ
úúãɣԭҷһźȴˡñϴ÷ۻˣô͵ʲô鶼ûз򡭡
׵ŭˣһʱɼǱ˸Χסˣ
¹طȸһȺĵλǶȻ÷ɵóѵģⲻǴԼ
ʵϷѾǷųȥԼķۻһ֮ڱ
һﲻΪȸһĳϣԼ֪ˣ
еԣҲһЦ
Ϊ峤һŵв
ֻû뵽ȻʱԼ̯ƣı൱̵ģ
峤
˫ŵʱһ˽




2732¶ֵߣ
 

ߣã
¶һ˿֮ɫһԵķɫѿ˼㣡
ԼӱԼô꣬ʵҲΪ̫꣡
ԷҪһʱ䣬ɽȷǷâ˸࣡
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ΪԼıӻԷչҲǼΪѸ٣
Ϊǿĳ𣬼ֱӳ뵽ɵ۾ĲΣ
ʵȸһҲǷǳİμˣ
ҪԼĶһȸһĽӰˣʱĶȨҲǲһ˿ǣ
ղŷɸ׵˺ûпǵһ㣡
ԼĶͻȻ֣÷ɵ֮Ҳһ˿Ĳ
ΨһĲµıԼӣ
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Ц˼ãȻ峤˲Ը⶯֣ǿֻб峤ִˣ
ʲôѲҪѶֲɣ
ȥŭѣʵϸȥĻȴһ쳣ƽ
ƺ֪ᷢʲôһ㣬ΪŮȻϸ緢
ԼӵģȻЩɻ󣬿ȴ¶ɫ
ˣ˵Ǹ峤ǲ㣬ҲһŷɵСС˶ѣϵĻɵģ
ŷʵնɱһˣ
ҪɣǰһҲԼҪĿ꣡
Ҫ췴𣿡Цһ
һЦ췴ǱϾ㿴ᮣ
ϣڣ᮹
ȥ˷ۻˣϵҪ˭߸ɱۣǳ׵ĸ˺ˣ
ֻûȶ֣ǽĿѡ˷ۻ˵ϣ
ĳҪ˭ҵҵ涯ҵֵܣֵߣ
ڷ᮳׼ȥʱ׵Ѿ˵ĸǰȥһ򵱹Ī




2733εķ
 

ȸһ´ڣ
ɺһ˵ȶڵ
ȸһ壬СǷֵܣĵʵҲ̫һЩɣ
Ҫ֪ԵĿȸһĴϣԼλϷĳ
˿̣ǷɣЩ˼飡
һﵽ˭
еһʣ
ɴʱδ֣棬֪Լռκεƣ
СܹԼĶӷǷԿɺϣ
ɾϷһϷεȥģ
Сǲô¿߹˰Ȼ˵ĴʴʣһӻߵĲᰡ
Ĩһ˿ЦݣЦ֮ŵı޾ɱ⣡
פ㲻ǰ֪һﵽ˭
ԼߵˣӦòʲô֮
ʵϣ᮵ıѣҲǵѣ
ϽԼһҳ׵ĿסҲԲܱѷɣ
ڵķᮣҲɼ
Ȼ£ɿóôģ
ο峤һϵˣ峤ǲ峤˵ô
ϴ󣬹ɣ
׿Ź㳡ķۻˣֶһ֮̽бһӡ
ţۻ˵ǻɫѾǱ򿪣
ݣ
ԭۻ˵Ӱ˲ʧ˹㳡֮ϣȵһοۻ˵ʱȴһѾǵ׵
Сţ
һб÷ɫһЩ仯ȻҲǿֻСӵʵƺСﰡ
ϴعȺΪ˱ߣ׿ŷۻҲЦ
ۻ˵ǰӾͿ˳ۣһ˴ϣȻҪ峤֮ϣֱˣ
ŷۻһۻˣΪ˱ǲֶΰΪͶ˷ɣܹȥ𣿡
ѲͶ֪ôȥ𣿾ȻӦǶȸһ涪Ѽȥˣ
ۻʵ֮ǰʱûôļһ㷢ַڿ£Լ
ʵϣɺͷʲôˣԼҲģ
ֻû뵽ȻôĲҪһŵĳԱȻҪ峤֮ϣ
ߣۻˣȻҪǱϾͳȫ㣬ᮡ
ŷۻˣֿ˿һԵķᮣ
᮵ԥ֮ɫԣʵϣֵһ
ЩڲܽͣҲҽͣ
һĲϣʱɵ˶֣һʿɾͱ˰
᮱ȭۻ˵˴βɴԶնɱӵĽһЩ
ᮣ㲻Ҫʶ̧٣
ԱߣһλµҲŭһ
ᮿ˵ܳϣ᮲ʵʵ˵ѣ
ϣ᮷ˣʮСˣܿŷᮣг˲м֮ɫ
ɨһ۷᮵ᮣĶӺڶڱǱͣѲ㲻뿴Ǳûʲôί𣿡
ҡʾ
һߣһֻйƤһ㡣
ŲԶ׵ۻ˲ҪڵֻһǱնɱǸ֪ߵغСӣ

᮵ϸֳһĨ֮ɫ֪Լ׸ϣ
ԼĲԼĶӺİΣˣ
һ뵽Լųûжõʱ䣬᮵һε
ף
ɽҲǲ׵ģ
ᮾȽصǸ
ԷҲץס˷᮵һ㣡
᮵ϳֳһĨɫתͷ˵ˣ
ɿŷƺ˺ܶ࣬ŷȸһĴϣȻ֮£ֱ
ɣĳʲô³ȸһĴѾһ겻һ꣬ѲҪȸһͨҷûôû͵
ӹһ˿Ŀ⣬ŷɸоһĿЦ
Ѱ·
ɵŭƺҲƲסоԼһҪˣ
ɣǱϵ֮Ҫ̤ȸһˣ
ŷЦһ
ֱµңȸһˣ
ȸһҵϱȻֻԻ͵ģɣȻ˵ˣôǾͶ߰ɣɱһ˲䱬ﵽ˼㣡
ֻǾڷɨŷһʱȴ¶һ˿ľݣ
ǸŲ۵ףʱ׵Ķˡ




2734·VS
 

¡
һӰ˳ƶ£
ԭķǱ٩٩̸һȴԼѾǱ׵
Ȼһ
֮Ҳӹһ˿ɫ
ǵصĿֲѹоǰ֮˵ǿᣬԼ֮ǰССӣ
ߣֲ˲񣡣
ȭͷֱӭ׵ǵ˹ȥ
أ
צVS
Ķֱԭ´׵ı
ǿβƵ´һ̾Ǵýһ㣬ҡҡ׹
һ֮󣬷ҲӲһ£
ʵȷ쳣ǿ׵üͷ˿Ҳ
ΪоһʵԼ֮£Ľսռһ˿ϷĻôǰλȸһĴȴָо
ಣ
׵ӰѾƮ˳ȥƺҪܵļҲǽ׷ȥ
һԵķ᮴˿һ
׵ƣ÷Ҳǳ׵ıŭˣ
ԭͷ֮ìܣѾתΪ˷֮ìܣ
Լͬ
ļλϺͷߵǼλϲδս
ƺҪյĽֵʲôģ
ȸһ壬еĿѾǼе˵ϣ
᰿裡
ֱɱУ׷ֱ֮ʹԼľѧ
֣
ڴ˿̲δд󣬶ֱӽԼս˼£
ΪǰһʵҲǿֲ˹
Ȼ֪һﵽ˭ѾԳΪԼĶˡ
һɫķӰչ˵ĸǰһѾǳ׵ķ򳹵׵İȥ
ǵ֮У̺ŵ޾
֮򣡣
ҲҴ⣬Ͼǿߣ˿Ҳƴȫ
սһ̿ʼƺѾû˻ͷ·
һ
Ŀ΢䣬һƽؾһ㣬ŷķŭնȥ
֮䣬һƺȸһҪ룡
ԭʵձûҰ쳣õǺҹ֮еһĨɫ
һһ죡
ӰһɲѾǽ֯һ
顭
Ӱ֮ʣ֮дһײȥľ߽У
һССС
ÿһеײ˾޴ΧڶֵĻȸһ嶼ҪƷһ㣡
ԽҲԽ
ȻоԼʵܹѹǰһͷȴԼһʱȻСЩΣ
ԼٶȺҪȵʤСһ
Ϊʲô󼴽ҪɱСӵһ̣ȴ㿪أ
ϳ
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÷оǣһｻֵĹУ·ܵĳһ㣡
ֹУ֮䶼Ӧƿصķǳĵλ
ǷоԼĹƺ֮ƽʱҪ΢Ķٴôһ£
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ù
ȻԼĹƷ񣬿ɾͺʲôùһ㣡
ŭΣ
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ٶȣ
˿̿ȥΪķΪȸһĳǿߣоôһСϷˣһ˵飡
һĹ
˵սȻ񣬿˸дһ㣡
һԹս֮ˣҲһָо
ȻǸһûУ
ɴ˿̿ŷҲЩ𾪵ʵ
ŷɵĸ״ˣɱСֹӣʵҲǺǿģ
ΪʲôҪɿŷʵ
ĸ״ˣЩ黹ǵȽ֮˵ɣֹܹǲϰǵʱм̸ȥĿԣ
ʲôҿ֮ˣɼʵ
ţ֮ˣҲܻ˵
֪ôȸһ벻壡
ɵɫҲһȸһİ࣬⴫ȥȸһûô
ĸ״ˣֻܸǣ
Ҳ΢΢һ̾ʵϵһҲʲô£
ȸһƮҡٿͨлƽȸһҲǣ
ҿԲʣҪң
ʵҪȨףϾ֮ˡ
ĸףԭҴȽֹ֮Լ˵ģȻҪ֪ĻôȻ
ŷɣҲǹ
΢΢ͷΧĲƺ֪ĶԻ
ֹӱףˮʶһѣݡ
ף۳ĵ۾ôɵɫҲһ
ͷǣ
ҵҪ«浽ʲôҩ
ɵĿһεĻص׵ϣֻһѾǳһĨ֮ɫ
Զ׺ͷ֮Ĵսƺڼȴ˭Ҳκβ˭
Ȼ׿ȥЩǱǷҪնɱҲ£
˿̵ķѾͣӲͣתţһ֪ûбʲôƨ




2735
 

ֹͣս
ʵоԼôȥӮǼҲǵͬʧȥսˣ
Ҫ֪Ѿǳ׵˺Ƥ
һľ÷Ҵ⣡
ԭΪԼնɱǰСӲӵ飬أ
ô£
СӵͻȻ֣Լڶ֣ȻǷɵ⣡
ŵǣӦԤı
ôôɺϣԼҪһ̣ʹ˹أ
֪ϰĳһˣԼȺˣ
ɣ㾹Ȼ֮˲ڲ£Υȣɱֱˣ
ĵǳ㣬ȥһäĿţ
Ҳֵĺܣӵ˶۾İ֣
֮ĲѾֲĲˣʱ˭Ҳκβ˭
ܹնɱǱǷϣõĽ֣
Ȼʵ֣
ŷӣЦһɱ̸棿
ɣԭͬ壬˼һ˿档Ȼ˵ĲҪǿɾ͹ֲˡ
͸һӵķ֮ɫ
пһ£һ϶ʲô֣ôıأ
ǷʵЩ벻ͨʲôأ
ڵĸּüһãûܹıĿǰľƣ
Цһ嵹Ҫʲô
𣿡ЦһԼķ£һ֮

ŷһȻһ
ƻֺ꣡
ǵ֮֮иֳһĨɫӰԶ
ʧɫ
ɵôҲû뵽龹Ȼһ棬Բ޵ķʸ
ֻǷɵôҲû뵽Ȼ壡
֮ǰֻΪüȥû뵽ѾǷչĵز
ƣ㡭ôĵӣ
ɵϳֳһĨɫһ¶һ˿Ļ֮ɫ

ǷĵƣҪ֪ǾȸһĿǣ
ҲΪʲôȸһǰʼ̧ͷһԭ
ΪȸһٶĴ֮Ϊ͵ġ
ɾһǿƣǰҲ㲻ʲôơ
ٶȻ֮ȸһ΢һ˿ȴҲѶã
ʶȸһĲҲǲһȼ
Կ壬ȸһҲǷǳͷ۵ģͬΪĴ壬׻һȸһ壬ȸһ壡
ǰ׻һȴ壬·һ˵ѭһ㣡
ȻˣʵʵڵĻһ壬һ˲ǆ¡
壬ܶʱ򿴵һҲͷ۵ĺܡ
ǹʵ̫ˣڸһսȥʵĵĺܣ
峤òƢҲøĸ˰ǿҪΪ׼ҵ˰
ƣȸһ徳ڵֲ죡
ͬʱҲ֮һֻ֮еƺҪһЩ
ˣͷҲԺȫˣ
ƣʲô˼Цһó֮֮ǰҪһЩ
һЦ뱾ȸһͣ峤Ҳ峤ǲ֮˰
ɣȴҲ֮£ֻ˿㲻ȸһ˰ɣ
ìͷֱָףֻҪһһлƿ֮У
㡭
һЩƿԣֻǶԸ׵Ļ޻˵
ȸһ˵棬峤˵ʲôأ
һʵ̫ˣһֱûг
ȴû뵽ʱƳˣ
ǡô
һȻǼĺܣƳֻΪ˲ף
ʵĳּ˵Ǵ壬ôȫҪʤƽ׵ĵԼһ

÷ǣԼܹһô
ΪҪ˵ĻԼĶȴ߲
壬ǿҪӵ˸оɳܵ飡
壬һĵĹأ
֡֡
ЩεĿףĲҲʼδ
ȻһλǳڹۣûĽ
ߣСӣһԲõĻᣬǱֵĻȻܣ
ƿףǸ߸ϵ̬һĲˬ
׿û˵ãҹ
±ƣ
״˻һȫһȦһǲ㶺ۣ




2736ʧķĸ
 

£
ȷЩѲǰλȥ֮Ҫ΢һЩƿɾͲһˣ
ף˵רֲĴڣ
ڷ˵ʵѹƸӵ
ռһЩƣɸǰĻľͲˣ
ƴ˿Щ±ƣԼȻһŭԼ
̫ˣȻ˸˹
ţ
ƴ˿̾Сӻţĺܣ
һߣ
ȸһ˼ɵˣԷΪ׵ǲˣ
ԭΪĳǾ𺳵ģǸ֮ǰԼĲֺСڿֵʱ϶ǳ׵ɵˣ
ǸûУ
һﲻûɵۣ֮ԼҪţܶ࣡
ȻǺεȵ
þԼҲƵĸǰô˵ǵж״̬£
ŭ֣ǿԲһǵѡ
ɺͷҲĿףǸ֪Ϊʲô׻ôţ棿
Ҫ֪ǿս¶ڷȸһǿߵĴڰ
һʱѾ׽⣬Ҫˣ
û뵽ôãôʱ䣬һﾹȻƣ
ɿŷⶫ۾Ȼ紫֮еһǸļһﰡֻĵƺҲ̫һЩɣ
ĸ״ˣ䡭ʵҸҲǺϤҲû뵽ȻôĿ
Ҳһıʵǲȡ
ԭ׵ͷһЩͣ
ղŸսʱһΪԼȷģ
ڣõ뱻ʵһ㣡
ҪģɻûмôҪģ
ˣᣬѾҲҶԸɣ
΢΢̾һӦÿ˵˵˰ɣΪʲôҪ㲻֪𣿱Ͼĵ۾
ĸ״ˣ䡭ʵһжΪZ㣬۾˵ҪǿдZ㣬Ҿһ·ǣֻû뵽ȻͶ塭
ŷӣҲǺ޵ģ
ҪȻռκεı˵ģ
ɳǺͿƾʲôԿ壿ZȻҲܲԸ⣬Ѿע飬ûа취صġ
ĸ״ˣҴˣ
˿ΪԼˣ֮ǰоԼһ̫ã
ڵʵ棬ν
˵׻ɱõˣڷ׳ĻᣬֱƲУ
ǸоʵǿĲٿˣ
һԾȸһˣ
һַ֧λĻôȸһĳļҪˣ
ɿԼĶӣ΢΢ҡͷǸǻǻ㲻ҲǺģҲܹȫĹ㣬ֻǶ۾ʵ̫³çʺϺ
򡭡Ƕ۾ɱҲ˵أ
Ȼ֪̫ܣܾײôɵˣ
ٵһƭԼʱ򣬾ͺܴ
Ҳ޵ķʸһΪ׵ĻȾҲΪ׵ͷ
κ֮ǰҪǵǾԵĺǴĿԼ󣡣漣ϲûУ漣ô׳ֵĻûŷ漣ʵѲɲ֪
ûĿԼĶ˵ʵ֪һս⣡
ϣԼĶӲУ
ʵڵķֻڽ̷һЩûκֵ˼
ϾǷ׹ʱҲǻĽڵģ
ֻҵĸӵĺʶѣ
ĸ״ˣĸ״˽̻壡
Ҳǹŷɵ˿ĿһεתǱߣ
˿ģһ϶ǹŲмЦݣ
һʵ̫һЩǿ벻̰
Ը׹ľһʱỹնɱһ
ʼĶһԵˣ
ԭĸ
ŷ˵Ĵ̼Ҳŭһû˸ҶԱ̬ȣȻСǱȫ
ֻ
ϳϷʵı飡
˿̵翴һ㣬ƵȭͷҲѾ߬ƺʱضܹҪ׵һ㣡
˴˿мͬ뷨һȻĺܲң
ֻǾƼҪֵһ̣׵ȴȻðһˣ
硭
ƸҪ׼֮ʣһɲȥЩǱ




2737º
 

һ㵣
ȸһ弸ͬʱǱߣ
ĳ֣úܶ˶оЩ±ƣ
͸ҪǮһĳߣһγֵı֮ƻҪţ棡
磡
λλǰĳǿߣǿɲܹģ
ȻʵҲǳĲǸȣǲһΣ
ᰡ츳ȷҲ൱˵á
壬ƻǱȽϵܴģ
ͲһˣǿߣҲƵ׸磡
һĸͬ
ֻôҲû뵽Լ֮ǰһֱ½ɽһôͻأ
ĳ֣ԭ漸һ˲ͳ׵ıˣ
翴Ƶ˵ŵܣں簡
磬˵ﻰߣϾܹ簡ֻ磬ôأ
Ƶ̬һӱ˳˺ܶ࣬ûа취Ҳűģ
οƿ˵Լһֵ̳ģ
ԼǳأڿͻȻ֣̬ҲΪˣ
ЦŵΪʲôߣһôأ
ǡǸȸһĴϷҪͶýҹô£
ƺٺһЦڶǾûʲôˣ
Ѿĵزס
˵ѵѾһɶ˰ĴǴԤģ
磬ҡҲδְ
ɫһ䣬ʵĴܹ񣬾Ϊһѵ
Ĵ۷ôң嶼֣
򼴱ǿ壬Ǽеĳһ壬Ҳûпô
һƣҲڱַûĲ֣
ˣ۲ֻüСӹ
˿̾ǸСһıȥģȷЩ˾úЦ
˭ҲЦϾ廹尡
磬ʲôԸ
ƤЦĿ磬ﻹʲôӣ
硭
ʲʲô
ƻΪԼԼʲôأû뵽ʱȻԼһΪ磡
Ҫ֪ղԼڿ˵Ҫնɱһء
ھԼ磬ⶪҲ̫˰ɣ
ôĻ㲻ˣʵ
磬Ļҿ϶ҵ簡ֻǡֻ˭Ϊʲô
ʵ⣬ΪʲôһܹΪԼĴأ
㺰ôϻЩ˵
󡭡硭
ܸоһıŤ֪ôԼĵĲ
ڿ׶Ǹоһ֣
ţʵ㲻׿Ƶ˵
лޡ
жˣѾ򲻹ָֻŵĸԼţ棿
ΪԼ緢ĻһȭֱҪСӵ
Ӳ׿ʵ
ҡе㲻
ǲȻˣȻҲ˳Ÿȥˣ
ʵģֲԼ˵ģ
ŭһϾţǳҪҹȥǰɣȻҶԴ˵񣿣
޷һܵܣЦʵ
ǣҸϾһĸͬ
ǾͺðˣǰɣҪȻǴΣ
ЦЩ֮ǰôİ
ԼѾǶ۾ˣԼĵܸܵԼһҲǿԵģ
ԴӸ֮׵ϻǾѪ
Ҫ֪ѪѾʧ̫̫ˣѪ֮ɽ磬û׼ǳһᰡ
֮ˣΣ˳ǻʲô׷أ
ģЩüĿף֪׺«ʲôҩ
ȻΪʵԳԽңǾʹģˣҪһκҿ飡֮Ȼ
׿ƵһЦ
ЩԲ׼ղĸоһʵԼ
ָоǲģһΪʲôôأ
׵ĻҧҧãĴ磬ҲҵĴ磬ˣҲν
ֻƲ֪ҪǿǱҪĶ࣡
˿̣
׸λ죬ȸһ嶼ըˡ




2738´ȥķ
 

ȸһ壡
ͻı仯һĿɿڴ
ǷˣôҲû뵽ͻȻ֣һǰһΪ磡
֮˾Ȼϱ磬Ȿ˷˼һ飡
Ǹ÷оǣСʵզΣȻҸԼʵǿƽа壡
˶ע
ʵЩо
ڵķǰһֻܹúͿˣҪȻʵǲ֪ʲô˵
Ψһϣ¾ܹӮˣ
ɾӮˣ̬ȣ嵽װﲻԼ˵أ
ټǰһ·ȴѾǳΪĴ硣
оԭʤƽ֮Ѿǳһƶˣ
һߣ
ɺͷҲǳ׵Ȧˣ˵֮ǰҪƵϼǰ϶飡
û뵽ȻϷԵת䣡
Լĸ׵ĸ״ˣ⡭˿
ֹ㿴Ҷˡһֱĸˣû뵽Ȼ˴磬ʵ˷˼
ɵҲһľݣǿȻ˵ά׵ʱоײ
֪׵ݵĻôҲǰһģ
Լл̬ȣ
Щ˵ĸ״ˣǶ۾ĺֵܵĻһεΣ˵ǻһ˰
ڿѾˣֻһֱûѣû뵽һʵѾñ嶼ԲѲ־˲ɣ
ɴ˿̿磬֮ҲһĺȻ
Ҫ֪ʵ粻£˵΢ôһ˿˿
Ҫͬĸ֣ڷ˵һ£
ͻȻ֣Ҳ˷ִ磡
˼ҽߣȻûз֣͵Ϯأǲ밡
ֻǷôҲ뵽Ǵ׵ͻȻֵģ
һֱڸĻԷɵʵôֲܷأ
ĸ״ˣ۾һεĿ尡ΪʲôȻ
ҲҾֵĵط֮ǰһֱΪⶫ۾çѣڿ˼ܹ˶̵ʱڷչ˵ĳ̶ȣҲûԭģ
һƺԼ֮ǰĴ֮ǰľײһˣ
ܹΪĵ۾Ӧöѣ
Դ֮뷨Ѿǳ׵ûˡ
³çʵ򲽲ΪӪ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôͻȻҪƽ֣һע
һ̣оҪùˣ
ȻƵʵģȻҲ֪λ۾׻ʲôֶΣ
Ǿⶫ۾ʤǸ֮һֵаɣ
ĸ״ˣǡǡ
ŷɣҲǵѯʵ
ɵͷǶ۾ܹȹһأȸһкηڶⶫ۾ЩȤˣ
˿̣
׺Ѿʧȸһ壬һѡĶսκڳ
ףɲ˿Ҫ
ƵνҲսʮ㣡
ʧıӰ˵ϸǵȴе̷һѿ
ӮˣǷʧȥ˱֧֣϶Ҫʹģ
˵ɴ˿̱֮ҪĶˣ
˼Ҽ˵ǰӮ䲻
峤Υˣ翴ŷɣҲǵͷ
Ȼ׵ˣ˵Ҳ𣬿³˭Ҳλͷˣ
нûм˰ɣû뵽ǷɰҲǵȻһЦ
峤Ҫƽȸһڲ֮ңˣǷ峤ҪĻܿڣĻ÷һ飡
ղŻȸһڲ鲻֣ܲû뵽ȻԼˣ
ݸһЦлȸһڲ鱾Լܹ
Ȼòˣ絭˵峤ҲᣬִǱľˣִҵ飡
ͨ
ߣ˻һֱ˵ϣ
ԭĿһȫʧӰ٣
ԭվڷԵЩϣѾǽԶ˷ΪǶ֪Ѿȥˣ
ѲɲҪȸһȥҲʱҪˣ
˿ŷȻģʱӰѾǳǵķ˹
һεĿȥֻƸ׵󣬿ȥﻹ֮ǰ磿
һ˵Σһڣȥ




2739¶Ի
 

ˣûƢ
Ѿ׳ԼľѪ׵ĳΪ׵ĸӹ
Ȼˣ׵·Ҳûа취ܾģ
͸һҲǱ׵Ѫűӣ
ȡ裡
ҪľڲмλڶʱڰԼˣ
ǸӵֱӣĿľΪ˳
Ͼ񲢷׵飬׵Ѫ˵ԼҲǲܵģ
˿̵ƿףѾûκεƢ
ڵ׵ˣĽɫλһģ
Щһ٣ǽǣҲʹȻ
ǵʱĵĻҪǽǿҲǲ̫ܵ飡
磬ˣ
翴ףҲ¶һ˿Цݵ
ʵԼҲЩţϾԼΪǿ壬˸סˣô˵Ƕ˵飡
ڿԼľŵҲһƽһЩ
΢΢ͷˣ
ƿ磬ԺǾ͸Ŵˣ
ֻ򵥵ĶԻ÷ɵĿɿڴ
һԵķȥЩɪɪ⵽׷ʲô飿
Ϊʲô˿СӾȻӣ

ڵķѾΪ׸Ķˣ˿Χԭ֧Щһ˲Ѿǵ꣡
Ϊ˷ɵˣ֪ɲǣǻôˣ
Ϊʲô
ΪԼǰ;Ѿû˵ûκεϣ
λĸۡһΣɿף֪ǾԵĹǣ
ղжûκεĴȻ֪Ϊʲô֮ǰ׸սʱôĳ
˼սʤǿߣûκεʵģ
׵ӣɴ˿ҲѾǽ׺Լһϵˣ
ڷ˵Ķ۾ҪԸ߳ԼһЩ
ô˵˼ҰȸһɹѹأҲԼ³ΪȸһԵף
ͳһ㣬ɶҲҪģ
ײδܾ硢˻λȸһŷɵ峤ۡķ˹ȥ
ԭȸһ壬˿Ҳ۷׷ף
ȻǸ֪ǰ֮˵˭ҲǸ֮ǰû뵽ģ
ɵĸۡ
˽վڴ֮У˭Ҳû£
ʵϲ˲£Ƿɲ֪ô
ԼվǱߺˣ
ɶл۾֣ܷһݣ
ɴ˿̵Ե˺ܶ࣬Ҳû֮ǰǸ߸ϵӣ
֮ǰϾǵȫ˵棬ҲȻǸʱֳԼƵһ棡
΢΢һЦѾ峤˵޵⣿
жţɵͷ
֪峤к뷨׿ŷ΢΢һЦ
ЩԥĿ˿ƣһҲ֪ô˵
Ͼλ棬˵Ҫ׸ֿףôŸоô°
ŵһЦǶ޵ˣ޷
ɸЩɻ󲻽⣬ԥһȻ۾ô˵ˣҲͲҴˡ۾ΪҪ߷誣ص۾Ӧ֪Ҫİɣ
Ȼ֪Ȼףط峤ӦҲ֪İɣ׿ŷɳʵ
Ƿǿ̸У޿Zˣϲ£۾ӦҲ֪ġ
΢΢һ̾ȷǷǳļ֣
˺ʱֵܷסķ񱨸أ
˿̣ԥҪԭҲߣ
ЦһͽĸףȻǽܲˡ޾޿Ŀŷ誼塭
ҪȻ廹Z붫۾˵ɣЩҲǿˡ
̾һ׵ͻȻ֣ѾǳΪ֣κ˶ı䲻ˣ
峤ȻԷ˰Ϊΰԧأ׳ʵ
һԵķ̾һף֪˰ȸһĸ״һ˵㣬ֺڳأΪǷΪZĸõŮǡ
ϧ˵
һԵƴ˿׵ĻҲ쳣
ǵʱĸ巢ͻĻǵʱǾˣ
誣
Ƕڵ˵൱õİ
һƻȻ峤ҲǵĴ磡
뵽ߣһͷ
һһӰѾǳ˵ĸǰ




2740·誵ʧ
 

誣
һҲǳ˵֮У
ʵķ課δڷɵߣǱĸ֮ۡУ
ǷõŮҷɶԴ誾ǶԴԼŮһ㣡
ҲΪ˷ֹʲôı
뷨һֱ޵һ죬ȵ誳ΪˣԺʲô״ûйϵˣ
ֻǷôҲû뵽ˣȻ
ķ誷Ǳˣ
調Լ˴˷ĸۡʱЩ˼飡
ʵϣ
Դӷ誱ץصȸһʱһֱӣ
ܹڼԼķͶһۣ
ѪŨˮ
ĽϣҲĸ
οԼĸ磬誸ӲԼĶҲΪһĹ¶
ԸΥȻӣյĽƺӵѹ
ѾˣǵʱԼļĻѡأ
ͨһķʽҵĻΪһĸףϣԼĶԶ̧ͷ
ಽ
誵ĽŲųصһ㣬ÿһԵô
調ɵһ̣৵һ±
μ峤ˡ
調ŷɣйһ㣡
˵ʵڵģ誴˿̶ڷҲǳᣡ
ֻǷΪ峤һֱûи調ڽ顣
誻֮ûжãͱˣӵûлȥˣ
Zﻹô𣿡֪Ҳûʲô̫İ취
Ȼȸһ峤Ϊˣкܶòȫ֣
誵ܿɣһεĻָ֮ǰİ
ŷɳ֪峤ZΪ£飬Ǵɲ˵ˡһȫƾ峤˰š
誵ʧԱ
Ϊ˿̿λǿ߾ȸһڲ
֮ǰ淢ʲô飬һ֪ʵҲǷǳģ
ɵǸйء
峤ˣЩˣûʲô飬ZԸش֮Уٿ徻һЩ
һɵĻڵѪ
Ϊ飬ѾĴ㣡
Z
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ҧҧȻ֪ҵǳĹ֣һϣ￴ĸ׵ķϡ
ZʲôҪֱ˵ˣֻҪܹģһӦģ
ŷ˵ί˵ĻҲ۾һᣡ
ǿĿ´˿ܹͷ誱ͷʹˣ
ԥһµҡһҵķҵĺӣ
ţһʱ
ɲǲ誵ԸķϹǿɶڶ½
һʱģ˭ܹҵķϹ
Z㣬⻹ѶȰһҲЩε˵
ˣȻ峤˾ȻӦˡˣҲûʲôҪˣZǾ仰һеҪҷӱǣҪѯҵˣ
ŷɺͷĻԭһ˿ڴƺҲûˣ
£һεԼǿԭѾ֧ģ
һ뵽ԼķԼĶӣ誵һε
Zʱ¸ɿŷ誣Ļ˵
誵ִǳĴ΢΢ҡͷ峤ľZܺ۸ZΪȸһ壬ѾǴӦǵҪѲ峤˷ҪZɣ
Z㣬ĸ״ˡ
һ誵ĻҲ˵
調˿΢΢һ̾ЩѾע˾ûа취ͷˣ
Z㲻ҪķͶлģɿŷ誣ǿڵ
ԭѾ΢Լ˫ۣǵȵ˵ⷬʱһεԼ˫ۣ
ʲô᣿誻ɵĿŷɣ
̾һZܹض½ĻǲͼӦ㣬ԺīСӣΪѣȸһŮĶӱӡ
⡭ʲô˼ЩŵĿŷɡ
Ѿ忹ף
ɵĻֱøǰķ誾ֵԼ֮ͣдŵĶĲ֮ɫ




2741´ʧϣ
 

𾪣
誵дĶ֮ɫоԼԼ˵һ㣡
ţ
˵Ҳģ
忹ףҲ̸ȸһûʱʱ
ԼΪԼԿ
Ѳ˵
ԿֱǿЦ
ٷԼǲŵģ˵ʵ仰ʱ򣬿ȸһҲŵģ
峤ˣȻZʲôѣZȻԹ۵ġ
調ŷɣ֮г˷ŭ֮ɫ
侲֮󣬷誾÷ɸڳ
ΪʲôΪ˻أԼô֮ܵ˵˵أ
Ļ˺ƭС֮⣬΢е㳣ʶ˶ŵģ
ΨһĿܣǱǷѣҪԼİ
ϣһοķʽԼжӶӦҪ
誵ģȻķʽ
ǷɱϾԼҲΪôϸĵչˣԷ課һֱûʧȥĸ׵ʹ࣡
һеıʣΪԼµĴ
֪ͨǲģĴˣ
ϾıˣȷԼﷸѣ
Է誵ʵ޷ɣڷ÷ʮֵĺ
÷ɾΪԼɵҪ׾ӵֶƭȡԼͬ飡
һ㶣漴ЩȻʧЦ˵Zƭ𣿡
Z㣬Щӣĸ״˵ģ
һԿŷ誣ҲǼæ˵
ҲҪƭ𣿡һʧĿŷ
ɺͷоҲЩ˵ˣΪ鼴ԼЩ췽ҹ̷ĸо
һģǷµľ
ɴ˿ЩεĿһԵףҲֻĵ۾ܹ÷һЩ˰ɣ
׿ŷ誵ʵīĸף
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һī֣誾ע˼Ѫһ㣬ȥЩˣ
׿ŷЦŵ嶫۳ĵ۾ף
۾
ЩϢ֪ܶĶǺ
ĵ۾ôȸһȺ֮أ
׿ŷ誵ӣЦŵֹǲʶˣûйϵһ޾ǳġղŷ峤ĻҲΪ˵Ӧģ
ģС֮ڴˣѲɡ
誵Ļδ˵мĶǲм֮ɫ!
ֻȤľԼĶӣҪҲԼӵһЩ
ôˣ֪ԼĶӺԼķǻ
ҵȻ֮ˣǲ֡
Ϊʲôʲôʱôͨˣ
誸ţܾʲôèģ
ֻ֪֮ǰʲô飬֪ڵǸʲô
֮ǰȷǺаԵһЩٴһ䣬ȸһ飬ǾԲվһߣ˵ʵҵһֱһŻ¡
˿̻һתʵԭһεûκε뷨
ڣòһˣ
ʱԼͻȥֹ壬ԵÿɾͲˣ
Ϊʲô調һϵģҲǳ׵±ˣ
Ϊʲô˵䲻ĻﲢǴ֮ⲻѪ𣿡
ô˵֮͵͵Ŀһۣ
Ͼǰλ誣ǿԼͽĸװ
һ˵ǵԼ˲ĵĻʱԼǳԲ˶ߣ
Ȼ֪ײС۵ˣ׽ӴʱҲ
һԵҲǵ˵ûһεȷ̫³çһЩҲַ֧壡
ƺо˵ЩУɻʵλ֧֣ΪʲôȸһأѲǻȸһԸ𣿡
бҪĻҲδɣĻ÷զ࣬ʵһԵķɵ˶Щɵˣ
ǾʵЩ˼ˣ
׿ŷ΢΢һЦڿԺ̸һ̸𣿡
۾ҡֻ֪ҵķҵĶӵôˣ
誴˿ҲǴ˺ܶ࣬һֱϵĸо
ʵЩȸһ˺˿׵ϣ
˭÷˼Ҷ۾ͽĸأ




2742¼ķ
 

ī޵ͽҲ޵Χ
׿ŷҲЦŵķĶӵûʲô飡
һҲ˳·ԭҪ誸ߵģ
û뵽мȻôӣ
誾ȻҪˣȥҲЩ˼
Ǻ֪񱦲ص飬Լ޷⣬ΪʲôҪһѾ֮أ
ҲǸ߰ĸԲǣ
ЩĿʵ۾ǡҶӻҷ𣿡
񻹺ã츳ǳĸߣЦЦȻķҲã֮ǰһЩ࣡
⡭֪֪ġ
誵৵һ˳˿̵ҲƲסԼ
׿һԵķҲЦŵ峤Ķ츳׿ԺȺҲаġ԰ʧ֪Ǹأ
츳Ͼĺ츳ڸߣȸһҲû̫Ĺϵ
Ҳ΢΢һ̾ȻѾǽʵ
лһں
īȻǷ誵Ķӣ֮ˣȸһѪ
һ壬ô뵽ȸһأ
׹һЦǿδأ
ֵۣѲīȸһѪɣ֮ǰZ˵֮ʵϾ尡
ЩɵĿף֪ⶫ۾˵ʲô˼
һԵķԥһҲǵֵۣ˵ûоһ˿ȸһѪ
Ƿ峤ĿīĻ¾Ͳô˵ˣڷûпΪʵҲܹ㣡
÷ɵһҲȤ
īȸһѪԼĻɾͿԳΪȸһˣ
ȻѪͳܱȴѪͳҪõĶɣ
һɾԼûбҪйĽˣ
һеһУΪȸһ峤ܶòҪȨ⣡
Ͼī֮ˣȸһҲܵκ˴ģ
ֵָ̡ۣ
Եʮֵǫ飬ǰ֮Լӵʦǣ
˵ģԼĶһλǿߵıӻ֮£ܱһ˹¿Ҫðɣ
֮ǰߵʱ֪ԼķԼĶӱϳڵ飡
ΪԼʱ˸ץ˵ĻǻƴԼķԼĶӵģ
ֵۣīô°ҲЩˡ
ĺèҲ֮г˺֮ɫ
Цŵ峤ȸһӵһЩصѪط峤Ӧ֪ʲô֮ɣ
֮壿
ɵ˾㵵Ŀף֮ȸһνǿصһʣ
˵ǵ֮оͳֹһλǿ֮ǿߣ
Ҫ֪λǿߵʱ壬Ҳǻӳⷽ٣
ֻȸһѾ֪жûгֹ֮ˣī֮ĻǾȸһĺϢ
Ƕڷ˵ī֮ĻȸһҲû˸˵κεĻ
˷ܣ
ɴ˿̸оԼȸһϣ
֮壡˵ʵȸһҪ𣬿Ⲣǲһ
׿ŷɵ˵ʵô˵ҲΪ÷ɳ׵ķκε뷨
ȸһ岻Ҫ֮ӵʸģ
ʸ׵УҪҲԣҪó⣡
ʲôһֹ誼壬ڵڶǱκȸһ嶼Ҫ֧֣
ϾīǷ誵ĶӣҲ׵ͽ
һΪʦΪ
ʦķ±֮ĸҲ޶֣
ĳֲϣ׿ī뷨
ϣ
׸̸ν弸ǲˣΪȺ䣬ǿǵԭ󻯣
ʵҲ޿ɺǵ飡
ֵģҷɼȻѡֵۺȻܰ;ϡȸһⲻZԭͲ᱾嵹ȴһ׮¡
֪׸ղŵĻԼ
̬Ҳ൱ĻģұҲǼᶨģ
Ȼ˵ˣҲֱһЩˡīȷ֮壬һˡֻ޴ϣ峤ܹĳһ֮
׿ŷɣҪ˵ص㣡
ɿЦŵֵ۵˵޷ĳƴǣ
񱦲أ
׵ĻڶһƬž񱦲ĸֱ֣Ŀɿڴ




2743̸׵ĺ
 

񱦲أ
ĸһ÷ɺƶЩסˣ
һԵЩֲˣȻҲ֪񱦲Ķ
ƿɶ׵ˣ
Լ׼񱦲أȻûжˣ
ͬĽǶȻҲͲһˣ
ҪֻǸͨѵĻôϢҪˣ
Ͼ񱦲ؿ˶˼Ķ
˭һҪߣǲˡĸо
ɵһ²δףǳƵķ˹ȥ
ǵƸûκεļʱЩˣ
ʲôʱô˵ˣ
ɻǵһμ֮ת׵ʱҲǵʵֵǺͲλ𡭡
λཻĪ棬ҲΪô궼ûеõ񱦲أ˵񱦲ûԵ֣
һ˵ǿȥЩǣǿŸоô£
ȻɲţҲţ
ʱ˭Ըȥɰʵأ
ֵҲ˵һЩʲôZȷ񱦲أ
ҲûвҴţȻ˼Ѿ֪ˣȻҲǳĴ󷽣
ʵײἰɹŹһҲġ
ֻһֱûΪλߡ
΢΢ͷȻʲôܣ޶֮ҲΪĸȤһ顭
ֵ˵ɴ˿̿˷ףеһЩ
֮ǰһֱ׵Ҫʲô
ô˵̹һЩϾ˼ͼĿȥȸһģ
Цŵϣȥ
ʲʲô
誵ɫһӱˣ˵ĻǸոտϣҪ
װڰֵﲻؾţ˵ⲻһѣ
ֵۼȻ˼ȶʾ
Ҳ֪׵ôģȻ˼ˣҲҪʵ뷨ʲô
׵ͷʱȻǽῴûʲô񱦲أȸһĵϵѪǴ񱦲صĴţǷİȫȻҲǻסġ
ֵ۵˼֪ˣȻֵۿڣȸһҲûоܾĵֻǡ
ɿףЩֹ˵
ֻʲô׿ŷЦʵ
ҧҧֵӦ֪һֱʣʱŭ϶ǵһָȸһ壡
Ǻǣ嵽ʱĻһЩ򣡣
Ҳʾͬ⣬̾һҲǿף
ʵ˶֪ԷҪ˵һЩʲô
һӣƺЩֲסʵֵ۲˵Щʲô𣿡
峤ɷģԭ˼ҪһУ޸ıˣʱ峤ֻҪ֣Ҳûκεİ취
ʵ˷ֻҪȸһؾصģҲûʲôǣ
ʱֻҪԼˣ
ҪԸȸһ壬µʱҲҪ
ϾȸһҲĴ֮һʱĵĻ˵һǧ˰ٵҲôĳ嶯
лֵۣ
ЩҪ˵ֻ̫࣬ôһᣬɾѾ뵽յĽ
ôȸһ˵ȷǷǳĺã
Ǿ޿ܸȸһ̫Ĺϸ
׵˵嵱治ƺĻ޵λҲ֣سŵ޾Թۣ
һҲǳ׵ķˣʵҲԿ̫࣡
ڷ誵Ķī֮壬ǿȸһϣ
ֻҪаףʱͿԵõӵ֮īһ
λ۾ĵõ񱦲أԺʵֻԽԽǿ
ȻˣҪǷڿף
ԭĴ÷ɸоǰλ۾²ΪӪһָоλ۾δĳɾͿ³Խ˵
Ȼ֪׵ʲôֶλ㣡
֪һܹģ
ȻҲϣֵܹ񱦲أĻʵȸһ˵ҲǺ£
̹ϵ˵ʵҲﻰ
׹ֵ֮ѲԶˣгʱԻ
ҲǿЦŵԤףֵһ˳Ҳֵˡ
֮׺λӰʧȸһ壡
֮Ҳʱһһεţٽˡ




2744µִ
 

ǣ
룬ĳ֮һ
ǵԲ˵Դɽ֮ƺһֱǵĴڣ
ڵʷϼأҲû֪ǵ˭ɣ
˭ǣӦ֮˵ֱʣ
ǳǽԼףǳŶһֶĤݵĸо
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2745̷
 

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С˵Żʱ򣬼ӰѾΧסС




2746̰
 

һЦ
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ҪǷСķΧڣǿԻһģ
ǣʵʵ̫һЩ
㡭̫ˣ
С￴Ҳŭһ

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̷ŭĿԲ֮ʣһ̷¥˲ž




2747װͽ
 

̷¥
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̷¥˿̳ɢһѪζ֮⣬ʣµıЩıӰ




2748ʦͽط
 

ˣ
׵ӰûлͷֻһԵ˶Ѿ±ˣ
˵Ȼû뵽Ȼһ
Ҳǵù͸ˣ
ԼȥˣûпڶѾˣ
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Ѫͫһ˲֪Ψһȷһ˾ԲǱϿô򵥣
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̷ҲЩˣΪ֪˵ǵѣ
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µʱܶܲ˰
ΪѪͫһǵܲǿɾڶ棡
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úúãֻҪʦһжã̷涵˵סĲˮˮֹסš
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ʦôأطɲǸõط̷Ȼû˵ôףѾǶˡ
ЦŵǴӶ½ģҲûмʱ䡣ҵҪôģյ˵ӦǷ½ɣ
һѾҷ½ǲ٣ɺľ壬ٺһ·ǣҪǿգǻ첻ȥ
̷Ȼûϸ˵;Ҳͦ۵ģ
׵ͷԺʦض½ɣطȷǹĵģ
ʦڶ½Ļðɣɽǲǰ簡ʵ̫̫ˣ
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οԼʦӦԼɽ磬Ƿչٺܷչʲôأ
ʦܱܲͽܻҪɣҲǵ٩
̷ֵԱߣλС￴ҲЩǸȻ˵ԲҡҲ̷֪ƹʦ𡭡
¡
׻δ̷ֺλС˵仰ѾǷɽ˾¥֮Уֳ˼Ķ
ѪͫһѰٶʵҲ̫һЩ




2749帱峤
 

޴ĺ
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ʲôأ
̷ƹȻǰһˣȻ·Ҫһ˰
·ɫҲǼΪѿΪʱΧ۵ҲԽԽˣ
ֵôҪ͵¶ˣ
֮˶ڿֶѣ²ؼ߸߹
ǿֵĻ
̷Ʋ죬м˵Ѫͫһһֱô޳𣿿ҵãߣֻһЩɷݣҲˣǾȻҪþųɣֱǳ˲¹ͷһɡ
̷ȻսʵǿҲûս
ǰˣһʱ䣡
̷ֿԼʦû뿪Ҳδ̫ţסѪͫһһĹ򣬿϶ûκεģ
֣
ǿ̷ֵɱﵣ̷ֻɽ˲֮⣬δʹù
Ѿǵ˲òʹõһزˣҲǻȥˣ
̷֣һԸһλᣡӦˣǿһ
·˿̷֣Ȼ˴
һѪͫһпޣ̷ȴܹѪͫһ޴
һĳǣǿɾ൱ʯ
·ֲɵֱɱһʵЩϧˣ
·С˼̷ȻǿУԲܴӦ˵ģ
Լ׷ɽ磬Ѳ򹤵Ĳɣ
̷ҲܴӦģ
·İɣҪսǱս
̷ȻʵզΣȴǺеġ
׿̷ֹһЦҵͽܣ֣Ҿˡ
̷ֿԼλʦûҪߵ˼ǳ·ķ˹ȥҲסˡ
ǿѪͫһĸ峤ɵۼ𰡣




2750е˵·
 

һ
׵ĻֱӴ̼˶·Ϊɵۼǿߣ˸˵Ǻεȵ裿
ǰǸļһ·Ķͷ¶˲
峤ˣһģ
·֮ǰһǰһ˿˵ţҲ̵
ߣ嵹ҪڳԵļһﵽʲôͣ
·һ̷̤¥ǲһ£
ѪͫһʵǿᣬʵǵıҲģ
ֻǣ岢ػҪصģ
ǵִĹƹܣ
λĹһԸƣҲΪʲôǵһֱܹƽƽȵԭ
ȻѪͫһĸӹһ̶ϻõһЩȨ
νȨҲǹصĻ֮ϡ
ʦסǣ߰ɡ
̷ֿףһε˵Ͼ𼶱ʵ̫һЩ
׹һֵʦ·ͽĵοЩʦһС

·ףѾ˲צ״
ݣ
һ̣·ڿһצӰѾǳ˿У
ɵۼǿߣһܹʯƾ죡
צֱӳ׵沿ХһֱҪ˺һ㣡
ʦСġ
̷ֿ׵ӣҲǼæеóҲǽ쳣
ԼʦطĻôôԼЩʦǽأ
ˣ
·мĿ׵ͬʱȻܵһɼΪֲѹ
󱳷
·ԭıѾʧȡ֮ȴһɾ֮ɫ
ЩѪͫһ˻֪׷ʲô飬һЦеĿףһЩѾʼ
Ͼǿ峤ԳˣһӦûκεϣˣ
¡
׵ȭͷֱӶ·צһƬСĿռ֮УһɱŰֱӽ̷¥ϡã
һ룡
ԭ̷¥ǱΪƽأ׺·ǼվһƬ֮ϣ
˵ʵΪŵĿ¾̷ˣ
ȻԼʦȻܹɵۼƽ֣⶯ʵ̫˰
Ҫ̷֪¥ɲ̷ֵģ˱˵ĵطѣ
ԼҲ֪طĲҵ
ÿȡǿǸߵ˵ģ
ҵ˸ƻˣִӿ϶ģ
Ȼ̷ûĽӴִӣһĺܣ
Σ˵׻壬һֱΪǵ͵ȵ壬ټѪͫһĹϵ
һ뵽ߣ̷ָо˷ǳĲ
Ӱ·ֱ۷飬ֱ΢Ĳ
׿·˵ڹüڻɱ㣡
һ̫˰ɣȻǸ峤ô˵ʲô
ǣСܹסǸ峤һУѾ벻ˣΪԼʲôǿ߲ɣ
ᱻǸ峤˴ж˿ʱ¾Ͳô˵ˣ
ڴ峤Ūļһﰡ
·ΧȺѪͫһһŭգ
˻Ҫ׿ֻҲ֪Լ׵Ķֶѣ
ǲӲĻҪ˵ģ
ֻڿҲֻ·Լǰһȷǿֲ
·ͷ𣿾ԲᣬΪ˰
·ߣвףҲ㣡̷¥ûˣߵҲûʲô˼ˡΪǣȻҪ
·˵һԵѪͫһ˺̷ֵ˶±ˣ
ʲô˼·˼ǲˣ
ĸ峤һ֮ҪˣҲ̫˰ɣ
ֻ˭Ҳ֪·һֱĸо
һߣ
̷ּˣѪͫһȴһ۾
̷ֵǰ棬׵Ĩһ˿Ȼߣûôף
ʦ𡭡
̷ֿ׵ӣ׵ˣ
·ҪߣǻǴ°û뵽·˵ҪߣԼʦȻţ
ĵ̰Լλʦһֱˣ
̷û뵽ɽ磬ԼλʦȻ˵ţ棡
㻹Ϊ㲻ɣ
뵱ˣ
·鼱֮£Ҳŭһһ仰ֱѪͫһ˱ˣ
ΪƺóԼλ峤˻ĲһĶְ
ͽľ¥ܣõǣѾˣ
׿·նɱ·ԭҲΪʱ鷳
⣡
׸·֮ʣһ뻮һĽŲԶ
ΧЩΧ֮ҲѸٵóһ·ֻЩҲֻ




2751幫
 

һﵽ˭ȻǸѪͫһ˶Կ
ȥʵ񲻴ϧˣ壡
ǰ̷¥˿ģѲһҲģ
ô˵ִˣ϶һҪùˣ
µ˽˵ϷŸոտʼ
ԭΪһο϶·ʤգֻû뵽Ȼתˣ
·ûսʤˣȥЩˣ
һǰ֮˵ʵҲǿƿֲģ
ֻǣʵǿҲûʲôãΪĵ̣
ִӵĵΧ֮˲İ
ǿִͷ֮֮һҲǾ°Ͷˣ
飡
λĹҲǳû뵽ȻִӵĶ֮У
ʵϣ֪˷ǳĶ࣬ΪλĹÿһʱ䶼ִִ
ҲΪˣǼ˵̫ƽʢû˸ﵷң
ҲǱľ
һӣΪȸһӣÿִӳִ
оǣǴͷβûгֹʲôµ
ֻ⽾黹ûг죬ͳһ֮ˣ
ԭִڳתƣ׼سʱȴֵһߵĺ
̷¥˲Ȼ֮鳹׵ŭˣ
ֱǲԼаҪֵ֪вҵǿɶģ
ھôı˸ٵˣܲ
ӭ¡
·Ҳǽп಻ԭִˣ߹ϵ
ôҲû뵽һľȻ飡
λ幫ʵ·п˺ü£
˿̵·Ѿǹһ˿ĵЦݣ
ҲǳλĹ˹ȥ׼Ĺžµ٣ټһͷĳһλŮ
ֻ˪һһĸо
ʵȻȲ硢ƵˣȴԶˣ
ȷʮֵǿ
߳һˣ¶Ǻ绽Ľɫ
壬ĳһǿҪͬʱӵôĸּǲܵģ
һֱսʤԭѵʱǿǰŽģ
ĸȻܶ࣬ĸҲ֮꣡
ֻ岢ŽᣬСΧĳͻ֮УȥĲһĶ֣
ɨһȦ֮ĿҲǶ׵ϣ
ΪоԼƺЩ̫͸һܹȷе廹ˣ
΢΢üת·¸峤ƺ̷¥ĵ̰ɣôߣ
£̷¥˴ǵˣҡҵֻҪһ˵ġ
·˵ʲôģѾһҧµˣ
̷ŭһƨ̷ǧʱ䣬δκ˷ͻͱˡ
󵨣û˵㾹Ȼ廰
Աߣһλӿ̷һ
ӽͥףִӵĶӳ
ʵͥһºٻִ֮Уֻ⹫¶ˣȻҲҲ
ղżûע⵽ͥ׸·֮һ
ʵϣѪͫһô꣬ǿûТλִӵĶӳ
ҲΪʲô·ղŵһۿʱЩп಻ԭ
Ϊĳ֣ҲжĲۣ
·֮ͥеİæ·ҲһЩТûаТ
ǣô簡
Ŀͥף֮ҲĨһ˿Ц

ͥû뵽˾Ȼ˸ҶײԼΪڴ˵Ļֱնɱһˣ
ͽľ¥˸ˣ˵ˣʵ
£ҽ֪ߵغļһֱĨɱ
ͥҪ֣ڳҲλûͬ¶֣
ֻ׵ĻѾǳ׵ļŭͥף
ӳ£ɫ˪ֻ˿ȴĿһף
ǰǿ֮ˣôûпģ
һﵹһЩȤ
̷¥ҲԹأζȷƽѪͫһȵǲǣ
鿴ʵĿҲǳԣ
ΣŴͽľ¥ңģͬЦһ
ô˵ˣţץĿһ
νıִ
ǳΧ˿ҲľսһĲ
һʱ䣬ƺокϷҪˡ




2752Ӳ
 

ʣ
˴ʣúܶ˶оΪһ亹
Ҫ֪ǿĹѾǲµӣ
˵ˣҶǸ
ǿһµĻԺҪǿûлˣ
˿Ҳסˣ
һﻹڲͬȻҵô˵Լ
˿̶ԽԽȤˣĵһԼǰŵģ
һˣԼô˵ˣҲǹĵ֣
û˸ôԼ
ôԱִ飿Ȼ㶯ˣǱĴ
˵˸оѾǵ˱ıԵˡ
һԵͥ׳£˾Ȼҵ涥ײ£ֱֱӵնɱ
֮λ޴ǣȻ˲Ҳ޻˵ˣ
׿һ飬ҲŭһƬ
һԵ̷ֵѾŵЩɫҰףʵ̷֪һֱԸ
ǣԸǿҪùİ
˾ǿ̷ָϽʦ˵ˣͽĴ£ʲôͳɣ
֮ԩκһˣѳ϶ˣǱĲԣ
ƺ̷ֲȤɶ׵
׿Ц˼ۻ˲ҹάˣԩˣҿǿͽ֮ˣƫѣ
ƫǺǣ㻹濴Լ鲻м˵ǣ˭˭ʹǱµĹأ
㶨ĹؾǶԵģ׳ʵ
ˣ
һﳹ׵ķˣ
һԵĺܶ˿ȷҲΪһоϧ
˿һķ
һڿҲûˣ
·׵ӣҲˣ
ԭС˵ܹ죬ڿСӲûзĿԣ˹ǻϵԼˣ
ʵǹأƺŭоһҪǲײԼûʲô˼أ
ô꣬оԼ͸
ں׳һҸԼô˵ˣĶһһˣ
⻰ҵͬһûжĻ˵仰ͬģ
ûʵһжǹƨ
Լûʵڸվ߸Ů˵
ȻͬǱһ˰ɣ鿴ףһˣҲǸоûʲô˼ˣ
һϷƺҪĻˣ
ܶȻΪ׵³çоϧһڷˣǷǾûʲô˼ˣ
ʵϣЩֵϣʲôͻԿģ
ߣԣ׿飬ת·أ
ˣģ޿ɺǣ
ȳͻû̫ȤԼôûκε⣡
˭ȶ־ͻ˭ĴǱԼµĹأ
ѪͫһҲˣ˼ҲǱѣ
м仹ʲô飬Ҳȥʣ
ֻһ㣬˭ȶ֣
һԼȶ֣鿴һĴ
㻹۸ʵ۸ϰ˰ҲˣȻʵǹأǱҪλ幫ʵǲǹ񣡡
ԭóƳϾͽˣ
ڿŮʵ̫ˣ
Сආƹã
Ů˷ǳԸԼǽóҲݵģ
ԴˣΨһİ취Ǵ
׵ĻҲڵСӾȻҪսԼ
Ҫս
鳹׵Ȧˣһ￴ǻ
ԭΪСѾǳ׵ķˣôҲû뵽СӾȻҪսԼ
ˣԼˣ
Ȼ㲻ԸΪҵҵȱֻԼԼˣ׿鵭˵
ʵǵһǸսˣ
Σ׷ʵ
ΪΪ۵ģԭĴ˿Ҳȼһ˿ŭ
ʵһһﾹȻҪսԼ
ǵô˵棬ԼӵĻʱǱЦ
ֻⲻ˷ʱѣ
ֻ֪ӮˣǲԼ塭
ʵˣ˽ĻǺ͸ģ
˱ϸ߰ʵܲñ˵Ĵ̼ģ
ˣʹü׵һˣΪ߰
Ȼ
һ׵Ĵ̼һεĸо裬һȻӮ
޿ܣ
˵ӮˣӦκһ飡




2753
 

ǵֵ
Χ֮ԽԽ࣬ЩԭΪҪˣҲǳ׵ļ
ȻкϷ⼸겻ĺϷ
Ȼ˸ҵǵսĹ̸ģѾ۷ˣ
Ĺ
ǳǿ߰˿ֵģ
ΪʵΪǿĹ֮һʵѾӹɵˣ
ǰһڻ쿪ΪԼܹӮ
˵ӦκһʱҲЦ
λô˵ʵҲΪ˾޿ԼĶ֣
Żϵ˵Ļ
飬Ͼ壡
ȻЩ޼ɵҲᵱô˵ʲôģ
£ǧ֮ʲô·֪ȻսǣΪ
ͥҲǼˣȻ֪˵ʲô·
˵ƹ£ǾǶһ裡
ΪһֱŵĻѾǽСӸǧˣ
鵭˵һƱѾɹļ˱ŭ𡣼ȻǱȫ£
һǰԵޱȣ
׵ȤҲǵΪֹˣһԼŭ
Ψһ뷨Ҫնɱһ
ͥ׻Ҫ˵ЩʲôŹµŭҲεˣ
ֻǴ˿̵ͥƺĿʼ۲ˣ
ݡһ˿İ
ͥΪ֮ˣʵȻǲ͵ģȴԼЩһﵽʲôʵ
鿴͸һɱԲãһЩǱ֣Ա֤ȫʬ
ŮŰǱӮˣǱΨһΪŮˣ
׿Ц˼ȵϷ֮˲䱩ŭѣ
ˣ
ŷŭĻףδôһ̣о˵ıŭ
ԭǵһЩԣû뵽һﾹȻ˵֪ܵĻ

һǿȭ׵ĳ׵ķɱѾ˲Χκˣ
ǿѹһ˲䳹׵ף
ķŭ
һ˻Ǻѳܵ𣬴˿˿ףҲһ̾Ϣ
ͥ׺·˿˻һۣƺӶԷ֮пһĨЦ
ȭ磡
ԭĳ֣ŭ֮µһ¾ɵڵǿҲѵֵ
ǰСӳˣƤӸһǴ
ԼȭͷѾףҲ¶һ˿Цݣ
䣡
סˣ
ԭΪСӿ϶ҪܣϾ֮ǿ˭Ҳ֪һģ
˿̵鳹׵СӣԼСҪӿ¶ûмģ
ֻôҲû뵽һӭ
ȭȭ
Ҳû뵽飬Ŀһ͸һɵľ棡
ʱڷŭƸߵ㣬ܶκε֣
Ƽ򵥵һȭʵʯ쾪
ȭײ
һ˲˾޴̷ֵѾԼ۾
ʵǲҪԼʦλºľ
ֻһ뵱۾ڿȥʱȴһĿɿڴ
׵һȭȭͷ˶˿δ
˵ʲô
˵ԼʦʵԲ֮°
̫Ŀֲˣ
̷ԭ֪Լʦţ棬ɽǿ֮𰡣
οԼλʦɽ೤ʱ䣿ûûҹܹﵽɻʾѾǷǳĲˣ
Լνɵ۾磬ʵҲͶȡɣ
Ļڻ֪ܴܲﵽأ
֮ǰԼʦ·֮ռһЩϷ磬Ѿ̷Ŀɿڴˣ
·Ĺֲһ֮ˣ
ڿԼʦĹһεսƽ̷ָ֣оԼЩԼλʦˣ
ѲԼλʦɽҲѾǳɳΪɽ綥ĸˣ
ԼʦλڵӣԭѾʧȥϣ̷һεȼϣ
һԵִӺ·˼Ӷˣ
ôҲû뵽һﾹȻ˵
빫½֣Ȼ̨
һ뵽ߣͥ׺·ҲĭƺΪղԼûǿͷҡ
㵽˭
һ֮˺Ȼһֲõĸо
Ϊһһĸֲ֣øղ˾ȻԼӮô
ɺԼȻûпһľʹӦһ
һӮ˵Ļһ˵ҪԼΪţǶ˶ˣ
ӮңǱȻ㣡ˣǵʱҪ˵ǲˣ
׿飬Щ٩˵
ҪӮǾ͵ÿûˣ
İҲǳ׵ı֮͸һɭ֮⣡
棬ԼѾǱһƵû·ˣ
ʮãס֣
Ҫ׾һս֮ʣıȴһϤ




2754ݵ
 

ŭ죡
оԼܵ˼ƣ
Ҳһľ㵣ϾôҲû뵽ǰһʵȻԼѾ΢
Ȼղһ鲢δñ壬ҲǷӳ߳ϣ
һͨɵǿ˵ǳܲסģ
һﾹȻô׵ľͽסˣ
治ɫĲȻҲģ
ֻΪĹȻһϷˣȻǲܵģ
ɾ鱩ŭѵʱ󾹴һϤ
Ÿ磿
תˣҲסˣ
ƣ
ԭǸܲţǾ£
оǿ϶ǳһЩ鷳
ֻҲû뵽һԼã
ʵһʼʱƾǱ߿ߵòˣ
ΪԼѾǴһߵıԵˣ
ǵʱĴĻԼÿ϶Ǳɵģ
ĳ֣ٽìܿһĶ֮ڲ
ƿ飬ϲһ˿ɫʵʮã幫ڴϾô֣ɺͳ
Ÿ磬֪һ
ЩˣҪһƵĻҲӣ
ǵĳκ鲻ҪôԶΪôڣ
Ÿ磬ҡԶΪ˰һֱǱִģ
Щ˵һֱԼǷǳĹƽģ
һΣҲȥһŵļһȶִѪͫһˣ
ȶֵ˾Ǵģ
Ҳ߱⣬ϾûЩ飡
˵ˣ鱾һֱУԭΪܹܺõĴֻû뵽㾹ȻҲôĺͿ
Ÿ磬ǡͿұһ۸ڲ⣬Ϸң
Ƶľ·ļһﾹȻҵô˵ϷԼ
ڿԼľŸȻ˵ҲǷǳĲ
Ƶ˵λֹǱľˣ
ʲʲôǾŸľˣôأ
鿴ƣ˶ˣ
˵ĳ֣ΣյĻ֮٣
ԼľŸȻ˵Լľˣһƺ̫
֮ǰĳض֮УǿԶžޣֹӳȵĻһغˣ
Ҳǵ˵ţҲûʲôë
νĶһͿˣ
ôأ˭Ҳȥ֤ģǲ֤Ҳǲ֤ģ
ΪЩһȥ֮󣬱᳹׵ʧ
ô˵һôǾǼ׵ʱ£Ҳ̫࣡
ϾΪľˣǰ˵仰ҲǿԵģ
ĸƤ
˭֪һյʲôĿأ
ǡˣ鿴ףܾ÷ǳıŤ
ʮǲŸӣǾŸƨɾˣ˭أ
һܹҲõǡô
ЦŵõƢɲǺܺðĳ»жԼδɡ
ֹ˵ЦˣʮֹӵĶأ
ƻĲǫ飬˵ľʵ
ֻʵֱҪ֪֮ҲǷǳǿģ
ԼľŸ磬Ҳڲ֮أ
ʵˣô׵ķأ
ǵ۸Լ˵棬ǲܷģ
Ƶ仰ʵʵ䷴ģ
Ÿ磬һľˣǡǽҲøһЩѵ
鳹׵ķŭˣԼĸߣһҲʵ̫ǷһЩ
ԼƵľˣڼʵҲ߷ǳćNɪ
һñԼǰNɪ𣿾Բǣ
»ϣǵĶԼ˵ûûмذɣ׿ƺٺһЦ
ֹӣ⡭ȻûмˣĻ¿ֲ
һ׵ĻҲһͷ
ԼܹˣԼɲǵ˰
Ÿ磬ԼԼˣһͲܴң
ҲǷԷθģϾûбñ壡
飬ʲôЩյĿ顣
ǿĿƵŸ磬鲻ˣˣҲҾȡֵģ챾Ҫ㵽ǲͷۡ




2755˵
 

ֲѹ
һϯǣ
֮ŭַһܹܵģ
ԭ˶ΪƵĳ鲻֮
һЩ˻Щϧˣ
ɾʱľǿһε˸߳
ʮãס֣
Ƴ׵ıˣԼʮõʱ򻹲Ȱ
Ҳεĺܣڲֹ飬¾ԼҪֹˣ
׿΢΢һЦƢǲС
һ־ͲҪҾŸĺ棬ҲҸҴһˣΣ
ҵأŸƺ̫ԸⰡ
ʵĸ򣬱ϾӮ鷳¶٣
֮ǰ̬ΪĲˬ
ԣҪױˣ
ƳˣҲ֪һҪǳˣ
ȻҪԼ򣬵һֹһսģ
Ÿ磬ΪľˣͿ𣿡
鿴ԼλŸһֱվһĸǰҲǼˣ
˵л˵˵㻹ҪĻҲ㣡
Ÿ磬˵ʲôҶŹһģ
ãһʵ̫ǷһЩԼʰһһԺԼ֪ˣ
Ĺô汻˸Ϸˣ
ǿ벻̣
΢΢һ̾ߵһƫƧĵط
ʵǿᣬǵ̸Ҫ֪ҲǷǳɵģ
ȻЩѣǲ൱ף
鿴ԼľŸԼطҲЩߵ˵Ÿ磬㵽ʲô˼ǲһҪһ
ŸԲģƳƵ˵
Ÿ磬ִҪֹҵĻǿɾͲҪʮòŸĻˣ
֪ˣ嶪˶ĸ󣿡
ѵҲŭһ
ƾڲǻûζѣ壬ôҵĶأ
̾ߣҪ֪սҪɣ
һʵԼҲǿڲ֮صģ
ܹնɱһҲԼһ˳һЩ
ֵ棬ѾûֵĴˣ
̾һ㰡㣬Ϊ޵ϸֻкܶġ
иҲʵҲô£ղŵ̽Ѿ¿˽һĵϸˣ
黹ǲ˵ԼӮ䣡
ҪǣҪɱһɱһȻˣҲնɱһģ
ϾһﻹԼŸľˣ
㣿Ÿ綼Ķ֣Ϊ֮Ÿأ
Ÿ磬㡭˵ʲô
Щ㵵ĿƣǸƴĻʱڿ϶ڲ֮صģ
ʱĻտҲԼŸĶ֣
ʵǳССվҲһЩʵģ
ʵ޼£ʱƴľ־һЩĵˣ
ԼľŸ羹Ȼ˵һĶ֣Ҳǿһ£
˵ĻôĶأ
Ÿ֣ʮغϾͰˣҪնɱŸ磬ŸԼ϶Ųһʱ䣡
˵Ҳʵʵ׵ʵ࣡
ɻͻһȻҲĿ̶ֲȣǵĸʡ峤Ҳﲻ
ҲΪʲôʲôҲû룬ֱͶ׵һԭ
ΪܹʹԺܶණҪ˵ԼҲˣ
ļٵİĺһ£ȻЩܲˣ
ǧȷþŸôӵˣ㿪Ц𣿡
ƿ飬Ĳʱ£
ϾһĿǱ񱦲أ
ʵϣƵҲǶ񱦲һ˿Ŀ
˭ôô˿Ҳǳ׵Ϩˡ
ȱɵıԣԼĸһˣǵ
ֲһôţԭʵôǿᣡ
ֻһﵽ˭أҲһĸ̣
΢΢ҡͷŸֻ֪֣ǿߣľŸͲ֪ˡ
ȻǿߣߣȻŸô˵ˣǱʱͲƽˣϣԺĻ
Ҳֻܹ˵˵ݻˣֻŲԶ׵Ѿ˱仯ˣ
ƵֹߣŸɾͽ˰ֹӽӴӴҲûʲôģŸ绹ҪȺһˡ
Ÿ硭
黹׼˵ЩʲôʱѾʧһƬ
ˣԾȻȥˣ
Լøף˵Ҳ˵ˣֻҪײԼ÷ͻҲνˣ
ֻǵ뿪һ˲䣬еĿһεľۼϡ




2756±һ
 

ɫǺ죡
鿴Ƶȥ˲оЩˣ
Ƶ뿪ϸЩҲס
ʵϣ
ƵȰ˵ټϿһʵ϶Լ֮ˣ
׻˵ĺã죡
ǰ֮˵ʵԼǿһЩʵҲûʲôģ
ɸղڿ˵ҪһһЩɫھҪˣ
˭ܹҵסأ
ɻĹϸоһı
鳯򻺻˹׵ʼչһ˿޵΢Ц
ֻЦ鿴Щһ
ס
ĸԼΪǿĻ˵Ļ
֮ǰţһƺЩ
ϣһﵽʲôˣ
Զ
ͥ׺·˿ߵĳǵɫѾǱֱ䣡
·ԭΪһ϶˵ˣû뵽鷭תЩܲˣ
ôһͳľأ
СӵҲ̫һЩɣ
ӳ⡭һﾹȻľˣǡǡ
·ĵĲûеģΪڽɫѾʼתˣ
ͥ׿һԵ·һ᲻֪ˣ¸峤Ȱ㻹ôɡ
ͥ״˿ЩԶ·ΪƱˣ
֮˿ɲɵӣͳһľˣ϶ܵʲô̫𷣵ģ
Ҫ֪µ̬ȣһµ̬ȷת䣬ʱ̬ȱȻҲǸתģ
ͥ׾ôʵһߵ·˿һѾǳȵף
ǾʧӱԿóǶôĽˡ
һߣ
̷ҲǱȾĳŪЩȦˣԼʦʵо˼飡
ԼʦȻ廹ǣһЩϵҲǼ
ڵϣһεĴ
ֹӡ
һ׵ķ˹
˿̿ףһһεĵϷԼԼߣ
ȻڻڼĿԼ
׿飬ҲǻָԼĳȣ࣬ҲǵĻӦѾ̸ˣ鹫ǲҪĳһ
Ҫʲô鿴üʵ
׼ȷ˵Ӧһͽô꣬궼˸ˣǶԷǲҪһЩӦأ
׿飬Ҳǵʲõ˵
̷ֿԼλʦŹ½ϾҲǼæʦ黹˰ɣЩҲһЩԺ󻻸طˣ
Ϣ
̷־ϣܹϢˣһԼʦҲûôıҪڷͻˣ
ֻҪˣҲͰȫˣ
ʧһЩҲֵõģ
Ȼ̷Ҳ֪׵ΪˣôȰο
׿һ̷֣Ȼֿ˿鵭˵¿Կͽʵȴ۸ӣǽѪͫһ岻˵ĻǱƴҲԲǶ
ɱȻ
ǿ飬ҲǱȰˣ
ڵ֪׵ʵǺεȵĿֲ
һҪֵĻǻǻѪɺӣ
·Ȩ֮Ҳǿһ·
·ʿˮ̵£ѪͫһҲǷ֮ԸһЩ顭
鿴׵ֹΪΣ
һƷʯ鱾Բ׷׵
һڣ
·ɴ۾ףʨӴ󿪿ڰ
ЦһһѪͫһĴֵˣ
£Ҳ̫ˣ
·׵ŭˣһƷʯѪͫһ˵رӴһ֣
·챾߿ţǵнˡ
ҲȻԼľŸ粻Լһﶯ֣
ʲ
Ҳˣ˸ۣѪͫһҲֵһᣡ
ǶһһҲǿԵģ
ԼҲܹƽһ²ǣ
´˻棿
·ɫµʲô̬ȣ
ӦһľˣҲ֣
⵹ǸѪͫһԽһĺûᣡ
ȻǰһʵԼǿѪͫһ忿ʲôı˶࣡
ֻҪܹǷſֽŲ˼ǵĹصĻһܵеùĳս
Ȼ棡
Ŀ˿ףֻ׵ı鲢δκεı仯
໣
·һ˺ѷεǺԭžĽֵȻĳ˶ʮλɵۼǿߡ




2757ŭ
 

ǣ̷¥Աߣ
Ŀһ飡
ԭΪѾǷˣû뵽˻Լһ
ϻԼǲèɣ
ȻѪͫһҪԼһ̺ˣ
Ϻ˿Ҳʲôʱܵģ
˿̿ɫˣҲǹһ˿Ц⣡
ʮλɵۼ𣬾ԼҲõ
Щ˾ǹСӺһˣ
ʦô찡
̷Ҳˣ֮ǰҪǲҪ⳥Ҳûô
ô˸оһϲˣ
׿̷ֵ˵ʦ㿴ʲôʵ
ʦĴô򰡣
̷𾪵Ŀףʦ𵽵ʲôʵ
ⶼڹˣʦô
˼Ҷ۸ͷˣҲ˲ǣ׵Ҳû¹˭
׵ǸֳһĨЦɨһȦΧЩ֮ˣ֮Ҳǳɱ֮
˿̣
ΧĿƺҲЩˣ
ִӵ˽ȺϵˣȻһ󷨣
ϾǵǽֵһֵƻˣǾЩòʧˣ
Ǽһ˹£ڿ²֪ʲôڰɣ
ڣô֮˸ϣǺҲˣ
ߣϷ幫Ĵô׾ʹ˵ģһµľˣҲûã
СӵɫҲ֪ˣڻǱأ
ΧǱ˽ǶΪ
ϾϷĹΪ
棬ӹһ٣ѪͫһҲǺǵİ
ΪĴ֮Ϊǿ֮һ˵Ѫͫһɵۼʹﵽ˰λ֮ڣ
ʲô붼ÿֲ
ڿ·һô𣬿ʵǶôˣ
·ԭǴʵҲû
ʵϣĵڶܲɵǿ߷ǳĶ࣡
ֻ·ԼҲû뵽ԼڵЩֻôһͬʱ֮ڶԸһˣ
ڼȻѾõ˹µĬȻͲˣ
·ó鹫ҪԼϷһ
·Ҳд⣬ϾһԱһҲǿֺ幫
ĲһԺͿԳΪ幫ϱˣ
λ·λô˵ĻôἱҴҵ뿪أ
οڵ·ѾˣСſھҪһڵƷʯ
ⲻǴ
̷¥̷ûеõȴҪһƷʯĴۣ
廹ûôأ
ಣ
һӰѾǾۼ·ߣǼͬʱֳԼı壡
ʮͷɺĿһǽֵóѪζ
ɱ
·ûκε˿Ψһ뷨ǽһﳹ׵ǵĽ˳֮У
˲䣡
צѾǳһƬռ֮Уһ㣬Σ
׿Щ֮ˣҲǳ׵ŭˣ
ݣ
޷潣ѾУһɱƺǰ
֮Уԭ˿ҲǱһƬƬ֣
ǽֵ·һƬ
ֻȸֽսѾκεˣǵʶֲϵĲ࣡
䣡
׵ϣצƺ޿ɱܣɢһ֮
ֻһ̣·ҲЩĿɿڴ
Ϊ֮ӰûУ

·֮ʣԭĳ֮˺ѿһӣѷ֮˸һ⣡
ãλСģ
·оһǿѹѾǳˮкһ㣬Ҳɫ䣡
ʵϵĲ࣬ʱ޷ȥֲģ
ЩսȫҰĹҪֲеĲ㣡
ֻϧҴ˶
֮򣡣
һ⻬䣬׵֮ҲǱŷһ˵
Щ˲оԼжĻȻֻգ֮䣬ˣ
һһţ
ֻһƬ֮ԭЩڵķλѾγһ޴ĽӰ
֮
Щ𼸺þȫֵһȥҲ
ǰļλѾǳ׵˵ϣѪҺĲ֮˸оһͷƤ飡
˻
Χ֮˶һΪһƺѾǳķΧ
һУѾᵽһ˿ɱ¾ζ
һ̣׵Ӱ·һ㣬Ųַζ




2758ŰɱҰܣ
 

һ
һչ
ʵϣԭ޷潣ǰĴڣټһʵŷұӵĴ
Ȼǲͬնˣ
οһҲǿȥԸһЩɵ۳֮ˣ
һŭˣ
һ֮
δȵ˷Ӧ׵һεһѹֵϢ
һ
м伸ûκͣٵζЩѪͫһ˻δӦһεϯ
񱩵Ľֵ֮ͱû
ǵһֶĤݵĸо
һݺǧ
ǵƺȴҪͱһһ㣡
·˵Χǽһģ˵ЩѪ˿צ
ֲ˹
ֱ·˳׵ı⵽ǵʲôɱ񰡣
·δӦ֮ʣֵһεĸǰ
һ˽һ˵Ľ糱ˮһ㣡
˿̣
ѪͫһЩɵۼǿߣѾ˴룡
Ѫȵζɢռ֮Уһֲĸо
ЩΧ֮һҴô꣬δ˵̣
ոɵۼǿݽһ㣬Ǻεȵ
ݣ
Щ·˵ĸǰͦ
һ룬ԽЩȫոһߵɱ¾
أ
Щ⼴Ҫִ·˵ĸǰʱһɫצ֮ӡѾǵõĸǰ
ˣ
ôҲû뵽һﾹȻ˵Ŀֲ
ʵһʼԭ׼ЦģڿߵʱҲǳ׵Ļˣ
Լĵ̣Լ˱˵ո
ҲֻԼܹõˣ
Ѿǲòˣ
ٲֵĻԺ˵ʲôô
ԶţҲֹһ
¡
һֱӶצһ˲˾޴
ԽΪģΧûһ֮
ֹӣ㵱ǲѱô
ֱ۸оһķ飬оԼֿ˺һ㣡
ʵϣ֣ҲҪ׸ˣ
ɼˣ黹Ǹоһľս
һȫȷһ﷢ԼԲĶ֣
ߣղűǻᣬǹƺôΪȻ²ԸΪĳֹǱԼԼֹ
׿飬ҲǴһ˿ĺ˪
˵֮ǰĹһЩøеĻôЩøѾȫʧˣ
ʲôʱΪֹˣֻղű˼˽½ûŪôĶ
ЩӲͷƤ˵ʵ˭ɵӣôῴ뷨أ
׵˵ȻԸֹĳȻҲͱˣ
·鿴һѾɫҰ׵·Ҳ
ڡ
·˿̵ѾǶһƬ֮ǰֿ֮ɫﻹֺ
·˵ǳ׵ˣ
һƷʯѪͫһӦûʲôѶȰɣ
⻰ֹʵϻЩƫ壡
Ůһ϶飬һǺѻͷģ
϶ǸͽӣʵǿҲǵͽӲǣ
οһԼȻҲվһˣ
ûûѶȣ
·ﻹ̸ʲôʯʯģ
ڵӶˣѪͫһɵۼǿٶ࣬Ҳôڰɣ
һۣǱʧ˽ʮλɵ۳ڵ
صĻѪͫһԺֻܹ׸ˣ
һƷʯ
֪·ǰԼҲô˰
оԼʵ̫ùˣ׼ռĲҵŪ˷۱
֪ˣοأ
һƷʯղ۸񣬵ڿɲ۸ˣƷʯһ飬ǿɱֱˣ
ʨӴ󿪿ڣȴӦõģ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ˸ҪԼģ˵ڣҪʮأ
ںЩʯھҪѪͫһ峹׵ĽԼǳӸü飡
ķζըˣ֪ǰһóģ
ԼҵϷѲָһͻȻԼ
·׵Ļǰһڣ
֪һԼص壬¾ҪΪѪͫһǧˣ
ֻòôƷʯ⼸Ѫͫһֲܹóлˣ
׬ǮɲףҪȻ·ôŽ̷ָأ
·һʹĽԼϵöָӸ׵Σɪɪ
һʱǵΧҲǷ֮




2759һƵ
 

һﵽ˭ôô
ǰʲôʱǿ߰ǿֲ
ЦЩ˸ղŻ˼ңڱ˰ɣ
幫еǿߣ⾿ôĴڰ
˿̣
Χ֮Ѿ֮ڣǶֻܹԶԶĿţ
ǿѪͫһΧ׵ʱǾϿԽˣ
ôҲû뵽ǲһɱĿʼ
ת˲֮䣡
Ѫͫһ۽һʧ˽ʮλɵ۳ڵǿߣʵ˸оһĶ̾Ϣ
Ҫ֪ΪɵۼǿߣΪ׵ģ
ΪһССĳͻȻʧ˵Ĳأⲻò˵겻ˣ
ǿʳ棬˼ֻӵĳǿߣЩ߳̾Ϣһ֮⣬ûˣ
ͺףѪͫһ˸նɱ
ʱõҲǼ̾ϢͳЦѪͫһȴԳΪϱ
·뿪ˣֻѪͫһЩį֮뿪ʱôĲģ
ܹôأ
ԭΪǼһһ󣬿ڿ˼ҸӣǻҰ
ڻطˣȻҪϽ뿪ˣ
·ȥıӰϳֳһƬ֮ɫ
һε飬ʵϸ鲢ʲôϵԭΪһܼ򵥵飬ȴݱӣ
û뵽ģҲо˼ĵط
ֹӣõúܣ
ЩҧгݵĿף֪ʵԼҲдġ
ôԼĴأϾĹ
׿鵭˵ЩԭԲģЩƫƫа
ߣֹ˿Ͳı𣿾ʶҾŸ磬أ
͸һӵȻһǸôĶҲһͷ
ʵϣ֪Լڸֹһʲô
Щһε뵽һУ
׿ӣ֪ŮʵЩǿʤ
˼Ҫĳһˣ׿ʵ
ǱŸľˣȻǵ֮¡ȻѾȥˣҲͲ׷ˣֻ
һε̧ͷ˿ףһεת
µ˵޷
׿ֹӣҲǵȻһЦ
ԥһٹϲ֮ʱȻֹҾŸľˣǱǲһֹӳϯĻʵЩⲻȥ
ңΪʲô
оЩЦŮ˻Ǳļأ
ʵһڣ׾֪뷨ˣʱǱ߿ɶǿߣԼ׸
ôҲ벻ӷǰ׽һ鷳
ԭײ뽫ǣƵϣһֱʲôķܹУ
ֻڿ̤Ьٴȫѹ
λĹԼ˯͸Լͷ
ȻˣȻֵܱôԵģ
ֹӲ˰ɣֹ˰һ״䲻᲻ҲμӰɣ
⼤ײûʲôôֻǸͶԵˣ
ڽĳľˣ
׿飬Ҳüͷ˵ӵǺô£
ֹӿô⣬ֹӲȥĻʵЩʧ͸ԭŸֹӽأ
鿴ףƺֳһǳϧģ
С椵ǸСȻ˼ƶʹˣ
Ȼ³ĳǲȥĻǲµˣ
׿飬ҲһĨȣ
鿴һףѾǶһŽӲӵ뺯ǹ뺯ñ߶һݣֹӻԵ
ҧгݣ
˵Եֵʱ·ڸ׶һ㣡
˵˳
״ӦˣһƺҲǷˣ
뵽ҪȥĳоȻһĪ˷ܣ
Ҫһǰδеġ
ҪһԶļסԼסԼǸʲô³
ĳʱ׼ʱμӣֻĳ岻˽⣬ʱ빫Ϊĳһ
׵ҲǲǫĶ顣
촽΢΢˸һ˿ɫúúãİɣȥˣһúõдд㣡ߡ
ִﳤȥܶ˸оһĿϧ
ΪһϷȻĻˣɵһӻһϷֻϧƺѾûʲôῴˣ
Ͼǿɶͷﰡ
һߣ
״̷ֵҲ뿪ֵǳĳ˹ȥ




2760߽ݾ̷
 

ĳլԺ֮У
̷˺ܶһСլԺϾطҪӵһԼլԺҪɺܶܶʯģ
Ҫ֪ǵķ֮ôĹΪǿŪġ
̺һΪǿ󷨣֮һЩνɾ
ʲôУԺܶ˻ѡط
ְطģ
׿̷֣Ҳ΢΢һЦ
ţʦԼǣطͽҲطһ֮ˡ
̷ҲǿЦһϾǲû찡
ʵûһЩϾⲻǣЦŵ壬ӦûĸһЩ
ʦ˰̷ֿЩʵ
ǧңЦʵôˣ
ʦɽͽҲǴ˽ˣǧꣿô˵ĵزǧʱһ߿¡
̷ʳԼеɻʵһܹӹһ٣ѾǷǳˣ
׿̷ֵΪʦҪǻĲˣԺô찡⣬ӦҲ֪ΪʦɣǿŲСõģ
ҶˣȷǺöͨˡ
̷ҲһЦӵŸıռʱĹܣ
Ҳ˵ԼλʦȻֻǧ꣬˵ѾʮʮҲ˵أ
Ļʦ츳ﵽΣ̷ֿҲпܵˣ
Ȼһܹﵽεˣ϶ϹＶģ
һˣ͸Ϊʦض½ʱΪʦĵ۳ΪʦһЩæˡ
׿̷֣ҲǶ̷һ򵥵뷨
ʵϣ̷ֵʵʵ׵İӦģ
С𡢻ǵʵ̷֮ҪǿһЩ̷̷ֵľ
֣
صһ֣Ǳʯ쾪ģ
Ҫһͳɽ˵̷ԺĹоܹӾ޴ã
۳ʦ˵ǵ۳½ֻĴ۳𣿡
̷Դ֮Ŵ£һֻΪȥ
ԣ׵ûô˵
żЩ˵ҲΪǿ˵Ķ۳ĵ۾׾Լʦɣ
οһЩ߲׵ȷЩע
һͨ壬ѵЩ壬˵ʵǸӹĵһЩ飡
Ͼ½˵Ե÷ǳңԶˣ
ȦӲ̸ͬ۵ȻҲǲһģ
Ǻǣ۳Ϊʦĵ̣Це˵
ȥļٵİʦǿĴ۳ΪǿĴڰû뵽ʦѾǵǶ۷尡ϲʦ𣡡
̷Щ𾪵Ŀףû뵽ԼʦȻ˵ţ棡
ɽ磬ںܶණ˽ķǳ͸
ԼʦȻǶ۾ȻһũūѸ質ĸо
ԺԼҲЩ˵˰
ˣȹάĻ˵˵ҲˣСʲôʱҲˣû˵
ⲻʦЩǺܿడⲻʦǶ۳ĵ۾ҼԺڲڿ˵ɫˡ
̷ֿףϵЦݿóǾĵģ
ʵǶ۾Ϣʱ̷Ǻܼ
˻ĲûпɽԼѹһʲôҲˣ
ǵھԼǱԼ׽ˣ
Լʲô鰡
׻ĺˣΪͽ̷ܵȻҲǿĲѡ
ʵ̷ҪصĻĲɽ磬ǰǲŽһǰ
ڵɽ磬ʵΣյĺܣ
Լټ̵ĻԼͲ֪˶ٻˡ
ˣСЩ͹ⲻ׿̷֣
һľȷ㹻ǿ󣬿ʵ˺ܶ࣡
ʦɲܹңҲҲ΢İһЩ
̷ֵҲһĿɬЩĿף
Сӵǲ־Ȼ˽ߵľ磬㵹û¹򰡡
׿̷ҲЦ̷νʵӵĿ̷ֽɾ磡
̷ЦŵʦʵֵѾһЩУɽ֮Ҳ֣ϡϾһݾ
ȷǽݾҪȻСӵľҲôǿֻǽݾҲҪʵ֧ţʱ󷨻ûгͣͱ˸ɵ˲ǣ
׿̷ЦҲҿ̷ûг嶯
Ļһ壬Ǹ΢ǿһЩ˶ܹնɱˣ
ʦԺһŬֻҪȥ壿Ĺ̷ִ˿Ҳü
黹һӣҪľʵΪȥõ㡭
׿̷Ц̷ֻһͷˮ




2761»ʵ
 

̷ֵլԺ֮У
˿̵һͷˮĿףԼȥʲôã
ڵоԼʲôҲûˣ
˵Ǹ˴ˣԼѱǸ⣡
ͽһԼĻ¶֪Ѿ˶ٻˡ
ʦҡһã
̷ֲǶԼûģûи˶֣
Ȼһ󷨣Ҳûù
ѹҲ֪Լ֣Ǹʲôô
ݹ󷨣֮ˣ
׵˵ȻãɽõİҲ˵أ
ļٵİ
̷ЩŵĿףܾڰοԼ
ԼʵԼ
ԼʵﵽԼʦĲεĻö˵ԼҲǫġ
ԼʵԼʵ̫ˣһ𾳽޻Ҫ
ֿ㻹ûù֮ͻ֪֮ˣܹסɵۼǿߣǿɲ˵ģ
׿̷֣пգȻҲ߽ˣ
̷Щɻʵʦ𣬾ܶݵסɵۼǿߣʲôأ
ʲôãֻҪ֮Уһл˵㣿ʱҵȾͿԳ֣ɱǸֲˣ˵ûûã
û˵̷ֵֶ⵹һѺ֡
Ҫ˵һս⣬ʲôҲ̸ˡ
̷ЩƶǶ˵
ΪʦҪ㽲һǣڵʵܹסɵۼǿߣʱҲǷǳĶݣʵܹﵽһߵĲεĻôȫͲһˣ
Цŵ̷ʵʮֵĵ£
Ҳӵĵܹķӳֵã
ԣΨһ뷨ڶʱѸٵ̷ֵʵ
һױȽϵ⣬Ǿ̷ֵľķǳĿ죡
־һܹΪɵ۵Ľݾ
Ҫ츳Ҳ쳣ľ˵ģ̷ûԼʧ
һֱ͸ֵĻôǸٶĶҲ޼£
ڵ׾ͱȽϵļˣֻҪס̷֣Ȼʵˣ
ܹ٣ǾҪСԼֶǿˣ
յ˵ʵӦÿԼƥĲΣ
̷ֵľѾǴﵽɵۼڣʵҪΣǾҪԼˣ
֮У
̷ϥΧѾǳһĨϵϢ
һĨϵϢͷų
̷ֳ׵İǵǽ뵽֮еȫԱ̷յģ
Ϊ̷ĿǰʵȽϵĵͣҲûֱӽҩȫ̷̷
̷Ŀǰ̷ĵҩ֮ʵƥһЩҩ
ڵһƬռ֮УײϵĽи߼ҩ֮еϡͳעУ
Ҳ˵׸̷ӪΧǾɽһҵĴ
ȸһаµʱ䣬֮Уǽʱ䣡
ʱ䣬̷ֵʵܹһԿֲĲΣ
ȻʵʵŴﵽɾڵĲΣ
һʵʵ״̬ĳ̷ֵΧš
ǿʶ£Щϵ̷ֵصת
ÿһµĻ
ڵϵȻȡ侫Լĵ֮УСʮΣСʮΣ
׵̷ֵĶը죬˿̵̷񣬲˿Ĵ⣡
Ժ֮һ֮ϣ
ʱһһţĵҩٶҲǷǳĿֲ
ҲһֱһԿţ׵Ŀ˶ݵʱǿôҲ߻ħķյġ
ÿһε̷ֵҪܲסʱױϡ̷ڵһЩ
ԭѾ֧Ųס̷һεĻ˻
һȥ
̷ֵʵıǿ
ɾڵ۷壬̷ֽһʱﵽˣ
ɽҲмܹ˶ݵʱڴﵽȿֲĲΰɣ
ֻ׿ȲȻǲģ
̷ֵ徭ôεı仯ǿȺӲҲǱ֮ǰҪ˺ܶ࣡
ʵ׵ٶҲǲϵļӿ죡
ƺͿ̷ҪıԵ
̷һֱһ˿ʹģ׵Ҳֿһ˿Ц⡭
ʱҴң
̷ֶѾ֪Լ֮д˶ˣ
⡭Ҳֲ̫һЩ˰ɣʦ𣡡
һ۵ʱȴԼʵѾǴﵽһֲĲΣѾǳһOΡ




2762¿ֲɵ۳ڣ
 

ɵ۳ڣ
̷˾㵵ĺϲ£ˣ֪ΪʲôԼô죿
Ȼ֪ʵǿҪһ˶ʱɵ۲Σǲܵģ
̷ֿǲܵģ
Ļʲô񲻶ɵۼǿˣ
ˣô̵ʱģ̷ֳ׵±ˣ
ʦ⡭Ҳ̫˼˰ɣ
̷ֿףЦЩֿˣ
ɵ۳ڣԲ֮ǰܹģ
̷ָоԼӵżǿ
Ѫͫһ·վԼĸǰܹ֮һս
ʵһĪţ
ЦŵʵҲΪԼΪʦٴı£Ҳ˶ݵʱڽһΣ
ɡͽ˵ǿʵеģǲܵİѲʦʵѾǳԽɽĸ·ˣ
̷һɻĿףҪ֪⵽ô£
΢΢һЦ⻹øлԼߵĽݾ
̷ֵ֣ɴ۾ʵ
Ϊ֣ľڶʱһʵķԾҲΪľѾﵽһֲĲΣھû̫谭
ĵĽ͵⾫ﵽһΣʵﲻϾǷëǵģ
̷ҲմֵĹ⣡
̷ƺˣҲǼ˵ʦô˵Ҳһλɵۼǿˣ
ǰɣûʱϰ̫Ĺս˻ǲͬģɵۼǿУսġ
ҲЦҪľ̷㹻֧֣
սûָһ
Ҫڶʱʵսǿɲǿ˵˵ܹ˵ģ
Ҫʵսģ
̷ʵһЩɻʾǿûʲôսǸһЩɵۼǿҲѴù
ľǸһЩ鼱ã
ڵĵ֮Ϥ֣
̷ִʱļĺܣɵۼĲ֮ģȽҲǼΪģ
лʲôأ
ɽһ棬һٶˣ
׿̷ְּɽǿ󷨣һȥ壬ҪҲ˵أ
ʦԸֻҪܹģǣ
̷ּĿףʵĸûһӢأ
̷ʵͽˣҲϣһܹһĳͣ
֮ǰ̷¥ĸǰǴɱķĳ̷ҲѪڣ
̷ԼҲ֪Լʵõ
˵ҪԼʦ𲢼սһԼˣ
΢΢ͷͲˣΪʦҲôֻǴȥ壬ΪʦҪǵһ
ʦȥ岻ǱĹƵô
̷ֻΪһȥΣû뵽ȻԼĿĵģ
׹һЦΪʦɲϲ˼ˡʱһս⡭
֪ʦʲô̷ҲЩֵĿʵ
Ͼ֪Լʲô
˼һʱ°ɣһʱϤһ֣ԽϤԽã
û⣡
̷ִ˿̻Ҫʩչʲô
̷һᣬҲǴ֮˳
ǱߣǸʲôδ֪أ
ڵҪĻǹ񱦲أһеȵʱȻˣ
һεĻصǵʱ򣬴ʱǱ֮Ѿ˺ܶ࣡
ܶ峤ǿҲǷ׷׸ϵǣ
˵һεʢ˭ҲҪ
ȸһˡ
Ļǵʱĸֿ¾ͱˣ
ֻ˶еûôļ򵥣
ܶ˶Ҫı󵽵ʲô
ȻҲһѾ֪һЩأǸϹҲϣ嵽ǲܹõν񱦲أ
ϾΪǿ壬һһǣ˵ĵģ
˿̣
Ҳǳķ˹ȥ
ܲڽ䱸쳣ɭϣѰ֮˸ܽȥܹеˣһԺ֮ˣ
ȥӦŮˣ嵹ǿԿһ£
״ڲʱĿȴͣһλŮӵϡ
βһ壿




2763Ů
 

ܲڴ
һλŮͨĿһԵ״󺺣
һΧ֮ҲǴ޼ɵĿλʳŮ
֮УŮҲǲ٣
һЩʢŮ壬ǸŮһ㣡
βһ壡
ʢŮ壬βһҲǷǳĳ
Ůǵĳ඼Ľѵģ
˵֮Уߵ˧Ů壬ǱǾβһˣ
Ϊʲô˸ȤΪβһͬĹϵ
ֻ׸оһ֣
βһ岻ǳ˶½ô½Ҳأ
ʶ˵ʲô⣬Ϊβһ˶֮У
ԣױʸˣ
˿ڣ
ʵҲǿԸܵõģԶǾβһŮӵʱҲסˣ
峤Ǿβһ廹ķ֧Щɻʵ
ʥϣӦòǷ֧֮ܲˣҲ̾һ
ܲô˵ǲǷ֧ˣЩʵ
΢΢ͷʵϵβһŴΣÿһζʽģһ˶½ԡ
ˣԭЦŵ
ʥϣĳһ֮룬ʥܹ
ƵҲǹһ˿֮ɫϾʥܲ
ط£ҪԼˣ
տǲСİ
ƿԼ˵ʱƺѾЩͲסˣ
峤ض˵ȻǾβһˣȻȣ
׵ĳҲȫΪգһξǵʱ򣬵ȷûʲô뷨
ԴħƷ罻֮Ȼ䷢βһʵħЩˣ
Ƶ˵ʵһ㣬Ҳǲô
ŮǾβ֮ܲ˵ʱҲǶһЩ˼
ܹھβһ֮ھһЩźúĻǵʱȻǻħǿֶΣ
ȻûҲ֣ɼȻҪֻܹԼãǺֶΪأ
ƳͶ˸мĿ⣬˿ѾǴսȥ
λŮƺЩߣǲ׸оӦзǽɵһɣ
һεĹʮֵϸ
ÿһҪеˣϳ뺯
뺯ҲǷΪŵȣɫҲǷΪü֣
׸ղſһᣬѾǿɫ
ټԼ̽ɫ뺯ٿȷһ뺯֮࣡
ر޳ܣ
ŮӿȥʮֵĸңȻΧУ̬ȴʮֵǿӲ
诣֪ȥʲôҪõѵȥ峤Ϊȥˣ
رӣʵǳǿᣡ
ɵۺڵĳǿߣҲǲģ
λرϲδó뺯ǿȥ֮˶ǳĹ
˵ףʵصΨһ;
رǾβһƺòܰɣ诿źرһ
ԭ廹㷢ĵģϾϹϵǲģ
ر诣ƺҲ꣡
Ǹ诵ŮӣȥȻЩδ
һرĻɫѾǱЩˣ
ʵһĵҩ¶ܹóˣֺҪܵҪأ
ԭţǳһȸһʢ䣬课Ҫûκεİ취
һ诣ҲǱԿ뷨Լ͵͵ﵽģ
Ϊβһĳ֮һ֪βԲܹû峤ˣ
㡭а취
诵̬Ի࣬Ȼرǳ֣ĵ˭Ҳ׵Ķ֣
ҪȻڱĻرǿҲûпܵģ
ȻЩδҲΪǾβһӴԭ
Ǻһ诹ҲԱԼ£ѡģ
ν诿ҲûκεıҪģ
˵أҺرһǹƽĺܣֻҪӦҵѵڱϣ
رһת诵˵˾Ϊ棡
һԵȴ֪һ϶˵ѵģ
Ϊ֮г˶ɫ̰֮⣬ƺûκĶ
ҡô㣿нǲġ
رһȻϲű壬Ǿˣǿϧ˱뺯Ҫֻ֪нɫɫ뺯ܹ˽ȥ
ɫ뺯ҡҡ
Ҳǳ׵סˣĶͷ֮ͷĺ飡
֮ǰѾǴҲȷԼ峤׼
֪ףҪ峤ǹϣЩã
֪رԼΪĻˣ
ƭŮҲôƭİɣ
׼ͷӦʱһԭΧ۵һε̧ͷ




2764ɫ뺯
 

ɫ뺯
ǽڽɫ뺯Ĵڣ
ʵϣҲÿһλ뺯е˶Դ˽룡
ĿˣǻԼŮ飬ŮĵλӦҲǺܵ͵֣
Ҳֻ˽룡
ǰĺرгеɫ뺯Ȩ˽еģ
رһֱĶǰ诣
Ȼ诵òټϺرʶ诣Ҳ֪βһĺܶ飡
βһ峤ʵǱħһˣеıħ֮
ħ֮쳣ľңֻѵԾΣ
ѵΪĵҩ֮ҲܹӵУ
֪ԼܹҽУҪѵĿҲ΢΢
رĻĶˣ
֪رп˵ǼٻֻҪлԼҪһµģ
οβһԼһϼˣȴ峤
Ǿβһû峤˵֧ţҲǵλΪĵµģ
½ľβһ壬ʵĳǿҲֻоβһ峤λ峤
Ϊǿߵ峤ˣþβо춼ˣ
ֻǾ课Լ峤ʱȴӭһˡ
˿ȥò̫ĳڣɢȴһԱģ
ˣ˭ڴ˴ʴʣ
رѾǿҪӦˣҲ¶һ˿ϲ֮ɫ
رѪһ峤ѪҲżߵĵλ
ҪȻرôܵõɫ뺯أ
ڿ˵ƻԼĺ£˿ȥʵҲô
رЩŭˣ
ʵϣرͿʼע⵽ˣһ̵ֱҪܲһ̣ͻȻķѣ
ʵǲκοǵĻᣬʱֻҪԼõŮˣĸʲôϵأ
׿źر˵ѵ»֪ģǿ߼ĵҩΪô׵ľ͸
ʵҲ֪ѵļֵ֪ѵ߼ĵҩ
ԭΪֻҪĹϵ΢һЩǱӦÿԵõ
ҲΪʲôôźرԭΪرǿ峤ϵġ
ΪһĳҪõһöѵӦɲˣ
ߣСӣ˵ķѲܵõѵɣǵòͲҪڱǰۣٱԴ壬лõѵأ
رǰСӾǿŮ֮طڹʣ
һڲ֪Լݵ£һ׵Ӣ۾ŶΣ
ɺرʲôˣôһƻԼĺ£
׵˵ô֪ҲܴλŮأ
㻹ĻԼ𰡣Ҳ̸û뺯õ뺯ΣҪ˽壬ֻɫ뺯ſԣ
رѹҲΪСӻ߼Ľɫ뺯
ɫ뺯Ѿ߼ˣ
һﻹΪŮҪȻҸѪһ峤ˣ᣿
˵βһǸ꾫Ȼ˰
ɫ뺯ǿɶǹӦǿ峤ģСӱ˵ɫ뺯ˣ֪Ͷ˵ɫ뺯ûأ
ϧһˣΪ˸ɵŮ˳ͷ
һ˿ףһҲҡͷԵǱš
˵׾ԾһĵҲˣ
ԵĿѪһ峤ɵۺڵǿߣ
Ȼ壬˲Ҷ֣
Ҫǳȥأʱ򻹲
˿̣
诿ף֮дһ˿ľ֮ɫ
飬˶Żأû뵽һﾹȻΪԼͷ
ʵ֪˼Ǻģ
Ѿûκεİ취ֻҪܹУŻлᣡ
رһ㲻ʶĳҲ˵أ
Ȼֹȴ֪Լ뷨
诿ףлֻ֣зǽɵɣ
رбۿ诣Ȼֿ˿׵ϣڱıˣСӲȻô;ȥˡ
峤㡭ɲ˵㻰Щˡ
ر͸һɰɫҪһﵽǸʲô·ţǾţ
Χһ˵ҲǴſڿʼ
߰ɡ
ںر˿Цֹʱ׵һֱ˶סˣ




2765˵û뺯
 

ܲڣ
˶ĿɿڴĿǰһУǶΪԼˣ
һﾹȻ˵Ҫ诽ܲ
ѲΪܲǼҿĲɣ
Ҫ֪ܲһֱǽһĴڣΪʲôһЩ˽ܲЩ˵֮أ
ΪܲǺģǸϵһأ
ر˵İΪԽܲ
ҪǣõĻɫ뺯
֪һҲͷȥʮɫ뺯Щ뺯ĳʶģ
ǰȻɫ뺯֮У
ƶСӾûʸ诽еģ
Ȼڲ֣ܲǺرСƻԼļƻǳ
ǲ֣ܶҲС涪
ڵʱôСӣǾԺ˵ˣСӣǿ̫ģ
رԼһ˵Ѿ׼СӵЦˣ
ôҲû뵽СӾȻʱ˵Ҫ诸ȥ
Ǽ٣
һͷˮϾܹܿˣ
رЦһΪ˸ŮҪ˰ɫ뺯һֻʮλ峤ӵУΪôƭĲɣ
ǰ峤Լǣɫ뺯ȷֻǸʮλ峤
ʱһλǿ߻ĳ˵ĸǰ
ִͥ£þòɻã
رһˣҲ¶һ˿ɫ诺ףȻתͥЦŵ
ͥ΢΢һЦ峤壬ĳʧԶӭ
ִ˵ﻰĳҲ
ر˿ҲǱӣʵʵҪͥ廹Ҫ߳١
壬һ屾ܵĵһͷ
Ͼ˼ıʵ̫ǿˣ
ͥЦŵ峤Ȼǻɡ
ִ£СӱʵЩоˬ챾嵹ҪôϽġ
رͥ壬ҲЩһ
ͥƳһףȻûɫ뺯ǾԽ벻˵ģһ峤ɷġǿд룬ǽձڣ
λӡ
说˿̿ףҲһļ尾
ǰλӵȷǰԼģҲĿܵ˺
һǴģҪ壡
Ҳֻһ߻ܹõѵ
ķǳľᣬ֪һرĻᣬľûлˣ
Ȼ֪ر˼ɼǷɶ˻Ҳֻܹˣ
׿诵˵ƺû˵˵ҽȥ
ǡ
Щ׵Ȧˣǽȥô׵ĻҪȥر
ûִµĻ㵨̤һɱֱִˣ
ͥû뵽С£Ȼǿе׼룡
Ҫ֪尡СǲǸӣ
˵û뺯𣿡
׿ͥ壬ҲǸֳһĨЦ
Ҳ뺯ʲô֣ǵ뺯ûиɣ뺯ֻб˲ǰǴǰǻذɣ
ͥ忴˵뺯βһ峤Ҳ뺯ģ
Ĺ涨ֻб˳뺯ܹ룡
βһ峤ǾԲܴȥģ
诲߼ЩͷöܹĻѹҲҪرɫ
뺯ƺ˸ҵģҷǵΪϡ
װ׵Ļһ˻ЩԲ
ĻǺرˣҲǾ޹Ⱑ
һĻǿ
رЦһִ£һʵ̫ˣΪֱĨɱûбҪһϻˣ
һͥü֮ȷŭգһؼ㣡
Ǳ뺯֮˸һģҲǲٵģ˭֪ⶫ˭أ
ߣҲԼĻôͷ𣿱ִµҪ뺯˭ģó
ͥ忴ףҲһ
ΪܲڵĻ죬黹֪һЩִģ
һЩصǿ߽ҲǰͥҪǽӴЩǿߣ
Ȼǰ֮˿ȥʲôǿߣһĹأ
ͥȻǾȿе뺯˵
ಣ
ײδʲôͣҪȥҲǵý뺯óģ
ɫ뺯⡭ôܣ
ֻǵó뺯һ̣ͥӶɳˣ




2766½ɫ뺯
 

һ̣
˵Ŀⶼͥе̽ɫ뺯֮ϣ
ӳ£뺯ɢ֮⣡
ɫ뺯
ζû뵽ȥƽļһϾȻнɫ뺯
㡭ôܻнɫ뺯ִ£廳һ͵ĳλǿߵ뺯
رһɫˣǳĴΪ
ɫ뺯ôܳأ
Ҫ֪ȥҲɵ۳ڶѣںرУɵ۳֮˲Ǹ
ΪɵۺڵǿߣЩʥǿ֮⣬޵еĴڣ
ҲΪˣԺرܹõһżΪɫ뺯
еŽɫ뺯رˣ
ر󵨣
ͥ忴һԵĺرҲŭһ
ɫ뺯һǿĴڣ
ɫ뺯ûκεˣ˱Ҳǿһģ
ɫ뺯壬Ǿݺ͵λ
͵뺯
ûĸɵӸôɣΪɫ뺯ǿɶǳǿ߲Żӵеģ
˭ûȥһǿ͵ǻˣ
ִ£һ
رЩܻˣһԵǾ㵵Ŀף
ôҲû뵽ǰΪԼͷˣȻΪĿˣ
ɫ뺯Ȼ֪ζʲô
˷תģ诵оȻӿһ˿ļ֮ɫ
ܲ
˼Ҳӵнɫ뺯һ˵ҪԼȥʲô鷳¶
˼峺Ŀ֮Уһ˿
׺ͺر֮ѡĻǻԥѡף
ͥɫ뺯ɫ뺯ɲһֻҪӵΪĿˣ⻹һ㣬峤ǺˣĿǲڮٵģ
ִ¡
رɫΣԭһ˿ɫѾǳ׵ʧ
ȡ֮һ֮ɫ
ʵ̫ˣղŸͥ廹ĺܣ˼Ҫ˷ĳ̶ˣ
ò˵֮ҲǷǳʵ
رи̲ѣ֪ڸܹСӶŸɣΪͥѾվˣ
ͥرһ˿Ŀ׵ʸ˭֮
ǲ뺯׿ͥ嵭ʵ
ǣֻҵҪȷһݣϾһΡ
ͥ˿ﻹʲôͷı飬һ˿ģ
Ϊӵнɫ뺯ģǾǸĻеĹϵпӵ뺯ģ
ҲǷŵȵģ
Ȼ忴һƺ߸ϣ˼ҸĻʶǻ̸ʲô߸ϲ߸أ
üʵҵģ
£ˣСͥղŶе˺һʱСڹ¸ǰԼ䡭
ͥһһֱӺµ䣬֪˼ҵ·Բôļ򵥵ģ
£ǿ϶Ҫͷˣ
幫
ر˿ɫҲѿ˼㣬ʵ벻ͨôһôĹйϸأ
Сӿ϶ڴţҪȻʲô
ĸֻģ˴ͷβûгֹ
ҪȻһ͵Ľɫ뺯ҪȻһƭģ
رǲһܹõ幫ʶһЩΪղ׵Ķײܵųף
׿һԵͥͷҸǲǿԽȥˣ
ȻȻǹͨǹµĿˣĳȻǴµĸۡˣ
ͥ忴ҲǹҲЩ
л£ܹڹµĸǰ¶ˣ
ԼЩСأ
ȥǣܲҸ徻һĵطױܵüʵ
ͥһ㶣ѾȥǱ߻ǶĻᰡСӾȻ֪ϧ
һ뵽ߣͥһֺĺԵĸо
˼ˣĹأ˭뺯ʱȵ˭ĸۡҲһЩ
ͥ岢ǲȥĵطĹأҲûκεİ취
ðɣȻĻǾȥǰɣ
Ȼ׼ΪĲԸҲ֪ͨУʡȥܶҪ鷳
һԵĺر˿׺ȥıӰĿ֮ҲǴ޾ɫ
ҪǲƺĻҪŪ·ɱĳҧ
ĻѾԼߵһˣ




2767մ״ʣ
 

ܲڣ
ܲײԣӸʽĽԿóȼƶʮֵԵģ
ΪΪǿ壬ȻǸ߸ϣ
ԣǵһһʵϸӹغɽĵλ
ǿ󣬴ŵʵϱǿ
ͥ׸ں棬˵ıȴȻ෴
ײӯʼչһ˿Цݣ
诣ǾͲһˣ
ϿóƲҵݣȻڽҲǷǳļ
һ뵽ѵ˲ֲˣ
ǰλӰԼˣ˵ѾǸжµˡ
ѲɾΪ˼ҰԼһ£ԼҪ˼Ҫɣ
Ǻر˵ܹԼȡѵ֪ǲģ
ѵô׵õԼֺοôѾĽأ
λǰҹµ޹λԵƬ̣
ͥ忴׺诣ڲҲ˰
ǰλǹµѵĻǵﲻ
˼Žɫ뺯ݿ϶ǲһģ
׵ͷţȥɣǾߵžͺˣ
õģԵȣ
ͥ弴뿪֮ʣǴһ˿ĵЦݣ
˵߰ʵνĸ߰Ҳǿ˵ġ
ͥȥıӰ诵üͷ壬΢΢Ҿӣղŵ诶֪Ӧôлˡܹųȥ빫ӵҾβһ͡
ܹ˵ҲֻЩˣ˵ܹųȥѾһ
΢΢һЦβһԨԴ
Ҿβһ塭
ЩƵĿףΪβһĳϣѹûмˣ
׽
˼ݣƺҲøǾβһ׽ɣ
ǰλô˵Ϊʲôأ
׿诵ӣҲЦǲΪʲôûмң
ӣ˵ʵԨԴĻӦ֪ģ
Ϊϣ֪飬ǻʮа˾žĪеˣ
ɿ˵ӲѣҲüʵ
Цŵڵľβһ嵹ûйϸ𡭡
⻰˵诶ЩͿˡ
诵ȷǺͿˣղŻ˵βһԨԴ˵ûйϵ
˵ʲô˼أѲɾԼɵԼأ
ֻ诼ҪҲңΪ˼Ҵġ
һ򲽽˼ҸԼӣԼҲûκεİ취ġ
׿诵ﲻôȣʵϾβһӦҲֻ½ڰɣ
ӵ˼βһԨԴڵľβһ壿ӦҾβһ֧ˣ
ЩĿʵֻҪ˼ҸԼйϵ˵ܹ˵һЩ
֧֧Ҳ֪ܲĻôӦþ֧˵𣿡
׿诣Լڶ½ģҿȷǾβһɣ
ҲҪ˵ʶʶƣ
ʶĻ׾뽻ûʲôϰˣ
ƣֺϤ
诿ףƺҲֵģǾβһ½ĳϣЩһ治һ˵أ
ǲʶˣǺǣ׵Ҳν˵
ƣĺϤƺڼĻţҲδ
Ȼ䣬һԴˡ
Ŷ׿ҲһĨâƸǻйϵ
ӸƺϤ𣿡诿ʵ
ǰɡ׵ͷ
һҲ֪˵ǲͬһˣҾβһʣ峤˵ôŸոճŮڻ֮뿪ˡ
˼βһ峤ãüʵ
Ļô֪ܲأ
ڵǣƸľβһ弸û˽⣡
ˣҼǵõ峤˵ģõŮͽơ
诵һֱڵ¶֮ɫ
˵Ļ½Լ½廹ͬһеģ
ǿ֮仹ЩԨԴģ峤ŮǱķˣ׵ȻһЦ
ԭǾβһŮ
Ҳ¶һ˿Цݣڸ˵ҲһЩ
û֮ǰоôѹˣ
ֹӡ
׺读׼ȥʱͥѾǴ뵽˵ĶС




2768ͥʾ
 

һ
ͥҲǼȼֽţ
Ҫǿλ£˵峤˵Ĳһϣ
ͬǽŵģϾǲȥĻ޸Ƽһ㣬Щ֪ˣ
˿̣
诵ôףϣܹȥ
֪һиܹ˵ģ
˵ܹһЩ߲㣬Żһ˿Ļᣡ
Ȼ˵ĸ߲Ҳδܹõѵȳҩ
ɶ˵ϣǱûϣҪò
ͥӰһεĳ׺诵ĸǰһѾȷǰλʶµģ
Ϊ˵˳йµĽɫ뺯ʱ򣬹µǾȻĨһ˿Цݣ
ȻЦݿȥЩŹ֣֮˭֪λ޵Ĺһֱ˪һ㣬δֹЦݵģ
⹫¾ȻΪһ˶¶Цݣ
һ뵽ߣͥԱԼҪӵĸӣ
ֻͥһ㣬˼ʲô·ֻҪйĻǻǶ˼ˣ
ˣ룡
ͥƺûп诣诵Ŀ֪ܲ
ܹŮѾĸˣ
ѲɻƤĸ˼һȥ£
οͥ忴βһŮʮֵȻ⹫¶ǰλô죿
ȥһŮǹҪ̻Լ
ԣͥĲϣ诽ȥֲȷֹ
ԣ͵诲ںˣ
ֻͥĵͦõģȴһԵ诵߰ɡ
ˣֻֻһˡ
ͥƺŬȻȥЩ԰
׿ͥ壬û˵ѲɱŮͷ߲ܣֻһ˵ĻԼ˵ˣ
⡭
ͥǽһⶼʲô°
Լ¶û뵽Լִһ͵鰮֮У
ôĻû𣿡Цһ
ִ£һߺģһ죡
ҪǱһЩ֮˿Ļ°ͶҪɣ
һĻǳˣҳܲʵЩˣ
ͥЩε˵Ȼִˣĳ˵˼أλ롭
诿ף֮гм֮ɫ
ԭײԼȥðŸλ·ΣմԼȥ
诶ԼЩⲻȥˣ
ҧҧӣҪҪȻ课ߵŹӰɣ
ˣʲô߰ɣ㲻ҪѵȥǱûУ
׿诣ҲЦ
ʵľβһǱߵľβһûʲôҲǻģ
˵ԨԴԼӵӦóˣ
ѵ
Ȼõĵҩǿ϶Ǽֵǵģ
ֻǿһ˵ĻǼǲܵõġ
֮ǰǸر˵ܹõһҲǴţ֡
ҪôõõĻ读ҪôѾĻĽܲȡһߵϣ
ѵͥ忴ףҲԹŹ֡
ôˣִ¡׿ͥʵ
ͥԥһǵˣĳǿǹµѵķϲ˵ģѵȷƿڹµУֻ
ֻʲôִ²£ִ¸֮ĳһЩõϢĻĳȻִ£
׿ͥҪʾԼҲ¶һ˿ǳЦ
ͥһ׵Ļһֵ˵ﻰͥҪѵģѵΪĵҩ˵޼֮
ȻУܵиǮǣʵ
ͥԥһĳõϢǣ׻һƺҲ⹫еöѵ
׻һ壿诸оԼǰһƬڣ
ǰ׻һĻǾβһţҲûκεϣˣ
üʵѵҲھһöɣ
Ȼǣѵÿһöһ²⡣һӦǿڰ׻һϰɡ
ͥ̾һʵҪõѵðĸˣ
ܹΪŮʱܵõһö
׿˿ͥ壬ֿ˿ЦŵǻȽȥ˵ɡ




2769²æ
 

幫޹
ĵطĻڵأʵҲΪĵĵط
֮ܲǿ˵ڵĵطڵأ
Ĺ޹֮ڣӭıһ㣡
ֻŨζԵʮֵˬ
޹֮ɿһ̶ˮ̲죬ɢ֮⣡
Զˮ֮ϣ̨ͤ¥󡢵ˮɾ֮У
޹ߴһ·ִֻһͤ
ʱŮ·һ㴣֮ͤУŽе׺诡
Զ׺̤޹һ̣ҲǱ׳ˣ
ڶ۳Ļʹ֮УҲûֱʰ
ȫһ󷨹ɵĹ޹
£ֹӵ
ͥ忴վڸߴ飬Ҳǹ
˿Ѿû֮ǰǵһĨװ磬װ翴ȥŮζʮ㣡
·Ůˡ
׿飬һεĿʼ̲סĵ٩
ԭ˪׵ĻֱŭһƬôʲôϵ
˵飬ҪİɣĴ֮
׿飬Ƿǳĳס
ھһʱ䣬ܲȰ诵˵
ߣΪ͵ģû˵
ѲɽҪµģҪûɵıڼУ
Цŵ׵Ļ÷ζըˣ
һһ˵þһ֪Ϊʲô
ʼնûпһˬһΰڲ壬ҲΪ˸һһЩɫ
㡭һʶû뵽һһֱԲģﶼŮ
˵ĺº˽ĳһ׿΢΢һЦ½һ£λǡ
ҪûκεȤ
һ˵飬һӦǸ׶Ÿɣ
ºαôǳأ֮ǰĳǸ¿Цѣһҹ󡭡
׿飬Ҳ¶һ˿ֿЦݣ
ʵ˵黹ûʲôĳޡ
οҪõѵÿλ°
ǵʱĻҲûκκͺõĻˣ
ֻҪõѵ׾ڸСίȫһЩҲûйϵġ
̫Ǵ߳˰ȻҪ󱾹
鿴׵ӣȻ֮¶һ˿ȰЦݡ
׿ӣҲ֪ҪСֱóѵ͸ԼҲǲܵģ
׿ҵһλѱħһǿˣصĺܣԡ
ʲôϵʵ
νһʤ߼ǿԵĻҲһ֮²˵ʵڵĻһܱȶһҪðɣ
׿飬ʼ͸һӵ֮ɫ
ᣬһ·ǳԶԼһ㣬󣬾ȻôӲ͸ԼǷһ
ױ˪һ˵Ǳ˻Կһ£㡭
ʲôᡭֱӴĻ
֪Ů˲ҪԼһϵοѣ
ϾΪһĹԼԵģôҲģ
ѾˣⲻѵѵĽһ
׾ãɿطΧ֮ڣǾõνѵ˵ˣ
һʲôħһԼβˣѵǼһ˫ء
Ȼ׾ԼӦǿģ
ʱһˣʱҪڸ㵽ѵĻǲܵˡ
ʲôУϡĶ𣿡û˵
׵˵ɽ磬еĶǿ׵ģ˵ԼʲôУЩԹʵ𣿡
Ҫʲôܹ򶯱ģ
˿̸оԼռʵβһ峤ħһ˴֮£Ҳжŵģ
ڿ诣ӵȷǳʲôģ
ѵĳҩһǾԲģ
ȻƹѵĿǰϿ֧ѵҲһö
֮ǰ׻һѾԼϵ˵Ҫõöѵ
Ȼûȷ˵ʵѾĬˣ
˿̣
׾ȻҲҪѵõǿϷˣһһ
Ҿ㹻ˣ
˵꣬ԼбһöڵҩСĹӣ




2770εĹ
 

׵У
һö״ĹѾǳ֮УͨҺڣԲκȴֲرԲ
һ˿¼ڵҲ˻ȥժ
Ϊ˵ĸоʵһĺܣ
ΪóĶӦòǷƷϾһʵأ
ȻҪѵҲóһЩĶɣ
Ҫ֪ѵܹƲٵƣܹھͻƣ
ȻˣĶѾòˣϾǶվɽΪ˵Ĵˣ
ɺܶʵرǿǿߣǶѵĿǿɾͲһˣ
λƮվ׺诵ĸǰ
诽ʱҲǼΪŵЩ֪ˣ
ĵ诵ĸǰȻΪΣ
ߣ㵹ͦϧŮ
עƺ׺诵ϣǻ֮ζҲЩ仯
ԼҲûз֣Լ׸˺ܲһ㣡
һ˲ԼԭżȻˣܹ֮У
Ŀ׵ĻôŴҪ׽Ūأ
˵һԭΪڵѾһܸߵĵλˣ
Ļһ˾ĸǰȥ׽ŪҲȥ
΢΢һЦĳѣĳԵҲˣ
ôرʲô飿ֵģ㲻ҪΪҾŸ磬Ҫɫ㿴
鿴ףһεѵ
ǺǣԼǣǻԹⶫΪΣ
׿飬ֱӽӵݵУ
ɫЩǽ˹
ֻǵӹöӵʱɫҲЩ仯ˣ
Ϊѹоӵʲô֮ͬ
ãһóĶӦòǷƷȻǷƷԼôῴأ
һЩӦһЩİɣ
öӾһżΪͨĹһ㣬ܲκεڲͬ
ɫѿһǲڿԼ
Լܣ
ⶫǼٵģ˵Ŀ϶ǱһЦ
ⶫģ˵ⶫһĲֵĻǻһЦ
ڵЩںԼⶫӹˣ
ղžӦֱһ⵽Ǹʲô
ʱһһĹȥһԵͥ忴ǰһ˵Ȼôţ棡
Ҳǳ׵İݷˣΪ壬û˸ôλԵĹ˵˵ǰһˣ
ˣҹƺһһİ취ûа
说˿ҲһŵĿ飬Ѳǰλֹӳֶûκεϣ
Ļôһεг̼ǳ׵ʧˣ
Ψһջǵõ峤ŮϢɣ
ǾȲ峤˵Ļһ
˿̵Ҳţϣܹ˳ĽУֻһ뵽ǰ׻һ壬оϣѾǷǳãˣ
׿飬ҲĬ
ʵ֪ܿóⶫʲô
ֻڵȴԼԼˣ
椾Ȼ˵Ҫһֱǿţɾǲ˵
ɫǺӣҲЩεҡҡͷΪΣ
ⶫ
鿴ף֪ԼӦô˵ֲԸ˵
ϣʱܹӹȥһôĶ˲
Ϊʵǿⶫʲô
˿̵ΪΣ
ôˣ¾䲻ѵļֵ𣿡üʵ
ϣԸΣ
鿴ǼӣҲһ
һӦǿԼˣһǲ˵Ǹ˰
ݸһЦ»Ǻ԰ôõĶЩϧ˰
ģ⵽ʲô
ֲʣڵֻܹػһˣ
һǺöĻĻأ
ϾǼһľ˷Ƿʵ˵ǿʲôΪ֪ĺöأ
ѵѾ˰׻һ壬ⶫѲɻܱȵϰ׻һ𣿡
ʵЩﲻסˣջ˳
׿Ϊй֮޲
ߣ㻹ĻԼǱҪⶫʲô
һⶫ˵ĻҲһˣ
˹Ϊ
׿飬һҲǲٸС椶ˣ
ֻ˿׵Ļһͷˮ




2771
 

ȷ㲻ڸЦ
鿴ףĶͷ֮ҲǳһĨߣ
һﵱɵӲɣ
ȷǺöȷǲ٣
ɽҲǼΪĶɣ
ֻ֮ǰ鿴Щ̫һѣСɫƺһ
оֵǣ澹Ȼû˿
ѲѾյ˵Ĳɣ
һ뵽ߣоԼһεıһˣˣ
ǵһһĸԼǱ߽ŵʱû̫嶯
оԼһĸǰûռʲôˣ
⡭вٰɣ
ͥԭΪܹóʲôѵʧǣû뵽һﾹȻó
ţ
ԼȻûпóȻͷʹС֮һҪһЩɫ滹ҪһЩ
ⲻǸ汾𣿳Ȼвͬ忴ȥȻǲģ
ȻҲȽϵĺѵȣһεģ
˽֪ɵۼǿûʲôôģ
˵ʲô˵˹±˸ˣˣ
һ뵽ߣͥҲƷǳԭΪһǹµأ
ڿһƺЩ̫Ը
һԵԭҲΪóĶ㲻ӦҲǼΪˣ
ѵļֵڿǼΪ
ԣóܹĶĶĻ幫ԲĶģ
ΪĹ˼һȱʲôö𣿿ʲôȱɣ
»ǲʶ׿΢΢ҡͷ
̼ˣ
һεı̼ˣ׺޲ȥҧһһڲźأ
ΪʲôһóܹԼһ£
ѲΪԼʶôΰ
ٺãҲѲܹʲôɣ
鿴ײм˵ʶЩøɣ
»ǻῪЦԭһǲóģֻΪ֮ǰ֮һЩᣬҲóģû뵽¾Ȼ˵
΢΢һ̾ƺȥΪź
鼱ˣ׼˵ɵǱɵⲻһѾ˵óƭǺ˼ǽ첻˵ȻĻǿɲҪֱˣ
˵ˣ²ʶˣ
ܹݣ
һһǷǳϤģ
֪Բģ˵еʱ
ǿʤӣ϶Ǵɰʵ׵ģ
Ҫ˵Ȼ˭Ҳ߳޹
鿴ףҲǸֳһĨ֮ɫ
׿Цһ᲻ˣ
ޣ
鿴׵ӣʵҲЩΣ
ĿɱһĻһѾ˲֪ٴˡ
ˣȻ֪ĻôҾͲҴˣֻͬһ˽
׿飬Ҳ΢΢һЦ
Ͻģ
ƺԵҲǲͷҪ֪һⶫʲô
˵֮ǰһһ֮롭׵ʵЩǷ⣡
ǲ̫ðɣ˵ɣ챾Ҫܲ˵
һԼԴһЩƲסԼƢˣ
ѵ׿΢΢һЦ
ǾҪĶ㲻Դ򶯱ˣЦһ
ʵ鲻׿̣ΪѾǴӦ˰׻һˣӦǲܷڵġ
ⲻǸк
ΪĹǸġ
ڵҪ֪ⶫʲô
һ˵ʱʱڷһһ滺һԼеǿ
ģŲʧģϣµʱҲܹ˵׿
Щͷ˵뱾кβͬ
ĸǿϢĶ֮ϣ˼һЩ
˱һĸ׺Լĸ֮⣬ûκһİܹ
ʱоԼȫһĽȥһԵ诶Ҫˣ
Ǳ֮żȻšһѾãһЩʱͿռ䷨İ塭
˵Ļ࣬ʱͿռ䷨İ⼸֣ԭ˼ƮȻһ˺ܶ࣡
˿̣
ɫ𾪵ĿףҲľ֮ɫ




2772λõߵ
 

֮
ʵ˸оһķ˼
һôĶأοⶫԼĶ
ֲһ˵ⶫԼ϶ǿϵģ
ԼȻϣҿ˵Ƕƣ
֮˭ӵأ
ʵϣȲΣֻҪߵĶ˵ŷģ
ֱܹͨʱͿռ䷨ĶǾЩΪ֮֮͵ģ
ôҲû뵽һﾹȻôõĶ
˵ģ
һԵͥҲΪŵĿף
ȻǴӸղıԿóⶫĲ֮
ֻͥôҲ벻ͨʲôܹȾǿߵģ
һԵҲǷǳĲף֮ǰһȶûκεϣˣ
׿˻û̫ŵ㣬һ㲻Щ׾ӵֶȥƭˣ
㡭ôõģ
黹Щţ˵ѾǷǳĳϿˣ
żȻã
׻شĸǼ쳣ⶫժģ
ⶫ˵ʵҲνģ
ΪϵĹʵǳĶֻ࣬ⶫɽ֮żãǶ֮˵ʵþͲǺܴˣ
ʵ֮ڴ洢ķ֮Ƿǳϡٵģ
ֻɽ֮˼ֻһ㣬Ƕ˵޼֮
ɽ磬֮
ã㣬ѵѾŵ˰׻һ֮ˣԻһֻҪܹģ
λû
ղ飬ѾǱˣ
Ȼ鿴ȥǳеöȴһֱ߬ţ
ƺûи׵Ĵ㣡
׿΢΢һЦĪǾȱʲôɣҵĿֻһǱѵ
㻹һӰΪһССľβȻóôõĶ
оһʵЩɵΪⶫǶԼãѲɶû
֪ⶫ˵ʲô£
ֻ֪ⶫΪѣ
֪ⶫкܶĻѪˡ
Цŵ֮ڽġҶһöѲɾͿԳ񲻳ɣǿԳŶһ
̬ǲ鿴ףĿҲ࣡
鿴һԲΪ治ֶεˣ
ɽӱȱȽǣΪ游ӡֵܻɱҲǲٵġ
ǰů֪
׿Цŵ£ɷһ£ѵȻֵǣɸ˲ٰɣ㽻Ӧ׬ˡ
ȷǱ׬ˣֻǱղ˵ˣѵѾŵ˰׻һ壬ֻܹһ
鿴ףһεظŸղŵĻ
׿΢΢ҡͷǲĳˣ
˼
ҲЩˣⶫԼҪǵòĻǻһӣ
ҪĹͷʱͿռ䷨Ѿƿڣ
ܹõİĻǾԼͻƿڵһᣡ
ҪǾôŹĻԼ¶ÿϧˣ
ѵ̸
׵̬ʮֵǿӲʵҲǿʵĻķϲŸĶģ
ǻһˣҲó
Ҳ֪һĶ϶벻λ幫ķۣ
üͷ̾һѵĲУֹӣѵĶԣ
Ǻǣ㲻ϸΪһεĽ׻ʲô𣿡ʵ
ѵй涨ģĿǰóҲֻһöҪΪսԴģ
鼱֮£˵һЩܣ
׹һЦǺЦҺθɣҵĶȻóˣǱҪҪĶ˶ѣѣѲɻҳеɣƺҲûиʲôôɣ
㡭
鱻˵Щƿԣڵȷ
Ȼ⽻Ļô͵ΪֹɣûѵҲǻ취εģ
׿ӣҲƵĺܣ
ôõĶ椶֪ͨҲˣ
׻һսݼ幫¡
׺齩ֲµʱһͳ˽
üͷһ壬ƺЩԸ˹




2773°׻һս
 

ս
׻һ׻һʵҲǷΪܶĵȼ
Ϊǿ׻һ壡
׻һڰ׻һ֮Ϊ߹Ʒ֣ǳϡ٣
ڰ׻һĵλצĵλ൱
Ҳİ׻һĻ壡
һȸһҪ˵ĵĿ¾ǰ׻һһˣ
Ͼ˵Ǵƽһ
ԼҲǶһε൱Ŀ
ֻȸһǰ׻һҲֻܹһУ
˵ûȥƻһε
һֻҪȸһ壬԰׻һҲû̫ų⣬ڼһΰ׻һ壡
ԣ׻һ弴ǲԸ⣬Ҳֻܹɵˣ
׻һˣ
Ķͷƺ׻һ˲ð
һԵͥ忴£ҪҪȥӭһ£
ӭʲôֱǽˣ
鿴ͥ壬ҲЩͷ˵
ǡ
ͥЩòףǿӣҲֻǿһ±㲻ڶ˵ʲôˣ
鿴һһԵ׵ֹӣҲˣѵǰ׻һѾԤ˵ģǱ㽻
Σû˵ȡѣûҪĶ⽻׾ûˣһԼʵڡ
ֹӣѵ֮⣬кܶĶ
ЩĲĿףڷⶫǸö
»ԼŰɡ
׿ӣҲЩգ
ѲΪԼԩͷɣ
ǸˣӦóԼѵ־ڱصõģ
ԼҪĶƫƫҪԼĶĺ£
Ļôɽ½׳ɷˣ
鿴̬ȼӣɫҲЩѿֻûлᣡ
ΪսѾǴżѾǵķ˹
ֻսԱߣλǿ̧һֻ˵İ׻ڵ֮ϣȥһϢģ
£սˣ
ս飬Ҳֻ΢΢ͷϾ˵ʵ൱λҲ൱
ǿ˵ƽģҲû˭ҪΪ˭ͷ
ƺҲϰˣϾǹڰ׻һǰҲĴѣ
սƺǳϤս˵Υˣ
£һαǰĿӦҲİɣ
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Ȼ
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սƺЩŤǼĿԼȻ˵Ļ빫´赤ҩ
ѵҲ֮ӦĺܣȻҲ֪ѵΪ˾Ȱ׻һ峤ҲǴƻǣ
鿴սҲǵ
ʲô˼峤峤Ѿ̸ףǵĶѾ֮ˣ²ɣ
ս飬ɫҲǱֱ䣡
սôҲû뵽ӵģԭѵԼ峤ģ
Ȼ˵ѵҲһܹεˣɶ˵Ψһİ취Ҳֻˣ
ѵܹȻ֪٣˵ĹЧٿԲһ
Ϊ˵õѵ׻һһθĴǼΪĲصģ
Ϊ˻ʧһЩĵ̺ͺܶҩʲôģڰ׻һ忴һεʧЩ˽ǵģ
Ϊ˾峤Ҳˣ
Ҫ֪峤ǰ׻һĳţҲǰ׻һδϣ
ֻһλ峤ĳ֮ĳǿ˵һߣ
ʵ˵ﲢ£׻һĳǿ̫ˣ
ǵﱻƣֻҪţǾϣģ
һβͬΪ׻һ峤ʵ̫ǿˣ˸޴ӿƣ
Щʱʵ̫ǿҲδؾǺ£
׻һ峤ʵɵ۳ڻɻʾ֮ĻôƵϣаٷ֮ʮϣ
ʵﵽһ˿ֲĵزڼǸ߳һЩε˳֣ߵʵȴûôĲ࣡
ñ˸ƽ˳Ŀסλ峤ڵһЩ
յڰ׻һ޲ߣֻܹĿλ峤ˣ
ἰѵĻǻ벻飡
ʵҲˣ׻һŴĵţ峤ŴӦ˰׻һ壡
׻һ˼Ĵ۵õѵȴû뵽һȴˣ
ʵıԣΪ
֪ѵֻһöǰλֹҾŸľˣҲϣõѹóĶг⡣
һ仰ֱӽƵ˷˼֮ϣ




2774ֱӵף
 

һ㶣
Ҳ̫һЩɣ
ˮһлǴ
ˣ
һҵɱѾ׵Χַɱһִĵ׷ıУ
׿ŶսüͷҲ΢΢
һǲɵ
鼱֮ʵҲǿģϾ߻һλ֮ˣ
ֹӣ°׻һս֪ǡ
սĿ䣬֪˼
ǵ˼Լ
Ҳ˼ϸ֮ˣżƵˣʵҲǷǳǿ
ֻҪһﲻĴˣôһж˵ˣ
˵ףһҲƵľ˶ѣ
˲ö֣ǰ׻һҲö֣
峤
ڰ׻һʵѾǲԶˣ
սһĿĿɲΪ˲μνȸһ
ȫûȤһ˿ķ֮飡
ǲȸһܽôأ
ǾȲ峤Ļսûˡ
ʵһβǴģһǰ׻һ峤ƠͬʱҲĶ磡
ǴȺĽǶȽǴԼֵĽǶȽսһεʧܣ
嶯ɱˣҲϧģ
׿ս˵ҽʲôҪҪǸ¸ҵĿͬ𣿡
ĿֹͬӦ֪ʲô󵽰ɣ
սףҲǸֳһĨЦ
Ȼֻ֪飬һҲҪᣬĪΪ¿ɣ
׿ս֪սıǰ׻һ壡
һǿ϶Ҫˣ
ûбҪðž޴ķո׻һ彻ɣ
οˮȫѾͷԼģҪ赶ɱˣȻԼˣ
ȻĵֱӱԼ̬ȣ
飬Ȼֹѵ
սףĿҲǱһЩֻҪԼȻҲ嶯֣
Ҫ֪ܲﶯǲӣ
ʱһķԼģ
սһ嶯֮ˣ˳̨ˣĿһεķϣ
Ķŵֹӣ㲻Ҫѵô֮ǰͦţô׻һˣ

ԭΪ׵Ը϶Ǹ׻һһģ
οһʵôǿɲΪһڰ׻һгԿ
ֻôҲû뵽׾Ǳ˸һֱˣ
СҪһֱ̬ȵĻҲᱻˡ
ѵȻҺܿõǹ²ϸĳô֮أĳǻ֮ˣ
׿飬Ҳǵ˵
㡭Сʵǲ֪˵ʲôˣ˿˵ĻС˵һ㣡
սһԵ飬Ӧ֪Ơ峤ΨһĹѪ
Ȼ֪׻һ峤һһŮֻŮûˣЦһ
飬̫
սĻ̼ˣʵ˵û
ǰ׻һԶʹ׻һΨһĹ͵͵ܳȥ棬ȴĪʧˣ
һֱڶѶݴ巢ֹټ
׻һν㾡ȫȴûеõκεϢѾǹȥ̫̫ˣ
ἰĻսˣ
Ĵ̼ƺҲǷǳĲã
ɴ˲˲Ҷ̣
˵׻һ壬սƢٺãҲԲɣ
üͷһɫȻôѲҪֲɣ
飬㾿ҪʲôսҲŭˣ
ûʲôҪѵ԰ﱾõһ˫ַϣ鵭˵
ʲôսѹԼͷŭ
ֹӵһǱҪĶʲôİ취ֻҪ
ĿѾһĵز
ԲðԶŵΣգġ
׺սͬʱɫһ䣬鱻ǿѹ׵ѹƣӲͦǱߣ
飬Ŵ㣬û뵽㾹Ȼô
׳׵ŭˣǼֱƤ˰
ܣҪô㻻Ҫôð׻һ취Լȥɡ
ӣ׺޲øţ
СҴı
׵ĿɲѵĿ񱦲أ
ʱĶֵĻǻϾͲһεĽӽ񱦲ˣ
ӣ˵޳ܣǼʶˣΪıܹóˣֻҪ׻һӦһҪ󣬱峤ް




2775ը
 

׳׵ŭˣ
ʵϣ֮ǰλ峤ƠʱҲûоʲô
Ȼƺأ׿ûʲô󰭣
֮ǰҲҽκð׻һİ취ǽѵġ
ɻûеȵ׻һõѵȴû뵽Ѿǰˣ
ǾȻǽìͷ׼Լ
Ĳ
׾ٺ۸ô۸ͷˣҲܲģ
˵⻰ʱսסˣҲסˣ
㡭˵ô
ս˵ЩڳݲˣôҲû뵽ҽʱȴ˸˵˵Ŀ֮
峤ް
Ƕôܹ˵˵Ļ
Цֹӣ㻹ʲô˵Ϊ˻Ҳʲô鶼ó
鿴׵ӣҲǿЦ
ǲܾεƠģ
Ơƣ弸˾֪ƠѰɽҽ
ĽֻһǾ죡
ΪƠ̫ǿˣǿЩ˸죡
һ˵ǿߺѻ˵ģ֮ҲǺҽΣ
һ֤⣬ȴǴڣ
֮ǰ˵ģƠʵֻɻʾڻɵ۳ڵĻôѾˣ
֮Σ׿ս΢΢һЦ
ֹ˵
սҲǱˣοѵҲδܹԼƣ
ǰܹ֮ĻǶ˵һõϢ
ҪѵӰ׻һһҪ󣡡
׿սȻƷǳĹ֣ʵϲ֣
ڰ׻һ˵Ơ˵ϵ׻һδչˣ
Ļ׻һֺαػôĴ̸еõѵأ
ֹӣƺûаѱаѵڱУΪǰ׻һҪõܹõ𣿡
ŭһ˾ȻƿԼ̸Уǵ棡
ѲΪԼǲڵ
ܹҽκƠǷǳеģ
ܹҽñĶ磬ѵֻҪϣȻ˫ַϣֻڶ
սҲ΢΢üҪ
Ѳһǰ׻һ弯ɱҲͬⲻɣ
׿ս˵ȻҲð׻һ캦飬ȻôйǣǱ˵ľһЩΣ
ֹ뽲
սҲԴʵ˵ĿκԼĶĻ׻һʵӦ˼һҲ޿ɺǵġ
Ͼǰ׻һ˵˼ҿǰһæˣ
սϣ׿Խ˵һЩܹ
׵һЦǱ鷳ʱ򣬱ڣ׻һ塭
ĻǶľˣҰ׻һҲû֮ˣʱֻҪֹӿڣ׻һ弴ɽΪУҲȻֹӣ
ս˵ĵس
ʵһʲôǵˣǰ׻һҲǿ԰ƽģ
׹һЦãȻĻǺ죡
ߣսȷ𣿡
һεһһ͵ģԼλ
ȻǷǳ
սЩԥĿ飬ѵ飬Ȼ峤ָڱֹӵ飬ƺҲְֲɣ
սǴӦһԱ֤ѵ׵ûˣ
ҲǸš֮ˣսԼŸҲŭˣ
㲻ţ
ǼȻôţĻѵ˲ǣ
ţֻҪԼԼĸ׿ڸ״ʱԼĸ׾Ȳ׻һ壡
峤˱֮ˣ
ս飬ǰŮҲεĺܣ
ԣ˵۸ң㿴Ҹʵʱ˭
һǼԼɱˣֶζˣ
㡭ôô޳ܣ
սжըˣӣ޲ȥҧ椼ڣ
һֱˣôˣĿ׺ս
սŭЦ޳ܸŭˣ
һԵս΢΢һЦѵȻɻ粢áѵʱԼ취ǡ
ֹӵ˼ǡսҲЩˣ
˼ǣûѵһ迴ɫҪһطΪˡģԺ˵ɡ
Цս֮Ҳȼһ˿ϣ΢΢ͷ
ս㵽ʱű㵤ҩˣ
ɪɪԭֵĹ޹һӱð
ǷŭĺУ޹ضɽҡ




2776²ܾȻƠ
 

޹
˿̵ɫΪѿԭòеĶô취
׻һνĽףʵǿп޵ģ
ôһ㶫
Ĳ㶫ֻҪһЩĻʱТ׵ģ
һһٸҲĶڣ
Ķʵʮֵջ
Ȼһ˿ʱͿռ䷨򣬿ȴҲһ˿˿
ϿƺҲǵʥʥǿҲиеͣ
νĸߵͣʵϾǿʱͿռ䷨򵽵жˣ
˵׻һĶǰǶ
ܹԼʱͿռ䷨һ˿һǶǱȰ׻һЩҪ׵Ķ࣡
˵ʵ
ʵΪ׻һսҲ쳣ǿĻѾ׼ѵȥ׻ˣ
ֻڰ׻һϣҪսǸһףǿеĸҲûйϵ
һ׵ʵȷǴﵽһĳ̶ȣЩȴ
ױϾԼŸľˣҲ˼̫
׻һ׷ⲻ֮и˰׻һӪһǿĵ
뷨Ǽõģʵʩȴһı
ôҲû뵽Ȼ׺Ͱ׻һ㵽һ飬ǰԼ׵һԣ
ŭѹ֣
һ̣оٰζӿͷ֪һĻԲȡôҵֶΣ
ôҲ벻ͨǣƠôأСܹȻˣ
ĸʣҲΪ鰡
£⡭ô찡
ͥ˿ҲǸоһ˵ʵΪ֮ҲǶԼλЩ֮Աǣ
˼ֹӳĳó㽻ȥǶǳţ棡
óһöѵأ
ѵȻ󣬿ͥ忴ҪĵҲһЩʱѣ
ѵǲģڶһöʵҲģ
鿴ͥЦһô죿ΪǼһܹκƠսҪڵģ
ԼǣƠ峤ĲҲŵģݴĲʴҲԿİɣ
ͥ忴飬ȻЩ֮Աǣ湦ȴһҲܹ²ǣ
һҪŭ˹£ĺҲ͵ͷˣ
ԭϣͨһЩϵģֻƺЩŪɳ׾ĸо
ʲóβһĲڸ˵⡣ƠѾˣΪֵ·ߣ˵ȥĻóȥˮˮա
£һֹκô죿
ͥ忴׵ӣҲǾ˼ƺЩģ
ƾִ£֪ƠɲҸʿһҽҲûκεô
еߣҽ˫һѾӹˣ
ΪǿҽƠûκεİ취
ȻðһˣʵǿԼҲͳˣѲҽǾ˫
òܣҼһʵǿһЩǿҲûаɣ
˵ģ׻һĻʶԼҲûκεİ취
Ѳǻʵʵϲһֵ
һҽιˣҽǿǡ
ͥ忴飬ҲǾ㵵˵
˵ΪĵطôĻҽһ
ʵϵָʵĻ廹ǲһΣ
ҽǿģִ£һҽβõˣκãǵſЦˣ
鿴ԶҲĨһ˿Ц
ʵǾ̫ˣ
ڵһȱŭ״̬֮У
ǵſ׵Цʱѵ
Ǹʱ׻һ廹еѡ𣿿ûˣ
ͥƺҲǿ뷨Ĵָ˳ᢣʵ֮
ˣƨͲҪˣڸȥЩһﵽȥʲôطһ᱾ҪֵǸʲôӣΪԼǵһô
еķ޷й迴׵ʧܣ
Ļʧ
Ȼô룬ǿǼһ˵ţҲһ˿ĵ֮ɫ!
ͬʱս˵Ĵ£Ѿ˰׻һ齵ĵط




2777²ϣս
 

Ӵ֮
¿ٵһطĻľƺҲΪǿר޽һ
Ҫǣܹʹڵصģǿɶ̳һ
ˣסõĵطҲһֵλ
ԭǽطģǵʱһŽɫ뺯ĻڵҲǻ켣ܲΧɣ
׻һ֮
һ¥ÿһ¥вٵķ䣬ɹ˾סϢ
ÿһطǶģ
ҲΪ˷ֹ˾ۼһ£ȻָʷǳС
ɽһԲϾͶֵʵ̫̫ˡ
˿̣
ƠǱߣĺʵͿԿóѾ;ƿݵĸоˣ
һλʵǿʥֵĻѾƨˣ
ʹˣڵƠҲ˿һϢ
սĽдϵģڿ֮г˽֮ɫ
ֹӣҶĻо𣿡
սǲףøûʲôϣ
Ȼղֵĵسģдϡ
ʵսʱҲų̂׿£ͱˡ̫
Ϊ׻һȴֲܹɫ
Եʱϵһòƺľ
Ϊѵã
׿սϴʼնǴһ˿΢Ц
ս΢΢ҡͷ˵䲻ǡĻֻҽˣɽ缸пҶ粡ˣǶԹˣ
ѵȻҲ֪ʲôһöҩĹЧǿҪ޸Ҳǲܵġһ㳣ʶӦĺܰɣ
׿սɴһ˿Цݵ
սɫЩüͷֹԼǣȷġֻһ˿ϣҲԸ
Ȼѵãֺαؿ幫ɫأǰ׻һ̫ӵҲ˵ģܹң
׵Ҳһ㶼ǫ飬ʵѾǿƠƣ
֪Ơһ˲εúã
˵һˣԿºڣɽܹκƠƵˣҲԼһݣ
ŵĵطȻβˣȻҲ׵ģ
׻һΪ壬Ȼϣܹ֮
֮׻һ嵽ǲĿ԰æҲδ֪
սŵģҲһĺɣ
˵ʵͷβս׿κƠĲ飡
֮ǰͥ彻һҽβõĲ飬˭ܹ˵εúأ
˱ȵһҽţ˼Ѿǵһҽ˰
ս׵ֻҪֹܹκҶĲҰ׻һԸκεĴۣ
Ǻǣ֮ǰҵѾˣ
׿սҲǲżԼߣƠһʱỹ˵ģ
սͷֹģֻҪκҶĲʱ򼴱ǸΪУҰ׻һҲ岻ݴǣ
Ơ
Ǳ׻һϣϣĻ־˭أ
οͰ׻һսʵֻ࣬ʵǿһЩ
Ҫ˵˰׻һĻǻҲǳ
ϾͬΪ壬˭Ļûһ㱣ļأ
׵ͷϣ׻һ˵㻰ɣĻҲоοһЩ
ޣֹӲ֮ˣ㡭ĵ۾
ս׵һ֮УѾ˺ܶĶ
壬׻һôܲ˽أ
ֻԭҲû̫ע׵
׵ĻҲʶʵ
΢΢һЦԶ½Ȼ֮ˣһҲЩѡ
ԭ۾ƺδ£սüʵ
Ϊǿļλ۾սʵǼģ
ǰ֮˿ȥʮֵᣬսȻûм
Цŵÿգȥ޵Ķ۳ͣ
۳㡭Ƕ۾ף
սԭǷһ˿ı仯λصĶ۾ʵǿᣡ
Щԭսвô¶ѣ
Ϊǿǿʥɽ֮ˣνĵ۾ҲֻĴɵǿǵķۣ
УЩĵ۾ǲأ
Ҳ˵ޣ׵˵
ֹ˵۾ѾɽˣսҲ¶һ˿Цݵ
˼Ҹһ˿ϣս׵ʵЩ֮Աǣ˼ұϾǸԼһսϲǣ
װڰֵѣ²˳٣ǻǵںúİɡ




2778׼
 

׻һ֮
սЩᣬλ۾ԼĶҽˣ
˵ˣ
ǻʲôѡ
ڲԼĶƣǽԼĶҲֻаʱ䣡
νİʱ䣬ǻΪĹƣ
ʵһ壬ǳŵľѵ
ǵòѵֻҪѵлãǻǱҪϣ
ôܵˣ
׺սƠ¥˵ȶ¥ػţ
βҪ԰һ
κεĴŵʱ򶼻Ӱ˵Ƶġ
ս̾һһĲ֪Ҷĵ˵ģҾ˵ȥʥɽ
ʥɽ֮ǰ˵ǽʲôض𣿡üʵ
ǲҰ׻һ˵ǣ嵽ʲôҵȻ֪ҪҶѹܹ֪
սףһε̾һ
˵Ǳˣǵڶ֪Ơһεô˵ģ
λ̫ôģɻʵ
ǱǵǿͻģҶӦӵĺǣȻĺǵķǽģֻǵǵʱ򣬶ѾǻԲˣ
սһʵʵ˵ˣβ֮ˣʱڲ˵ʵĻҪˣ
׵˵Ӧʥǿˣ֮дŵһ˿Կó
ʥǿߣˣ۾֪һЩʲô
ս֮ӿֳһĨɱ֪˺ԼĶ磬ǶȻҪ֮أ
΢΢ҡͷֻһЩжϣʵҲǲ˵ĸǰӦûǲ˲ֹһ
֮УܹʵˣԲᳬλ
սҲһıƣȻλҲΪӴ
Щôð׻һѵķճأ
ο˻ԼĵǾԼĶ϶Զˣ
˵ʵ˵ܹѾ漣ˣӦʲôطʱǿԼʵܡĻӦӲģ
׿ս
սͷҰ׻һȻҰ׻һֶΣҶӦطˡ
طĻⵤҲڶʱ˵ľ޴ʲôطǿеĳȡ˵֮ΪĻԳŵһЩʲôӣ
׿սЩķӦǰ˾Ųʮˣ
ģҲֻеȵƠԼѹ˵ˣ
ս׵۾ҶѾǾˣа𣿡
޵İȻеģҲһ£Ƶʱ䣬޲ϣκ˴ţ
׿սҲȻ
Ͼǰ׻һ壬ʱضпܳʲô۶ӣ
һ׵ȻҪ֮УĻʱӦģ
ԣʱ֮УȻǲϣ˴Լˣ
ս͸һӵɱ۾ģ̤űʬ壬Բܵǵ¥
ţȻòˣ
׵ͷֻҪû˴ţŵģ
սһȻʵ۾ɻҪһЩʲôֻҪеģȻģ
ûʲôܹæģҪֻһ顭
׿սսҲǸ汦һĿף
Щɻʵ۾˵
Ҫľǻ䣬Ȼȴͺˣ
׿սҲ¶һ˿Цݣ
սһľ㵣Ҳͬ¶һ˿ЦݵҶͽ۾ˣ۳ɰܣԺ󶫷۾Ұ׻һĹͣ
ˣȳȥɣǿһ飬û޵Ҳܹ䣬𣿡
׵ɫϾսҲǹ͸һɲݿܵζ
һ˲䣡
սԼоԼƺЩǰλʵ»ԼĶ۾ˣ
սͷ˳!
ƺսȥһ̣Զıغˣ
ŷŽյһ̣սҲһƺϲһЩʲô
ƠǱǰ׻һϣ
ϣȴһ۾Уⲻò˵һַ̣
ڼΪǿ󣬿˸ǰƺһеǿֽϻһ㣡
Զ
ͥҲǻĳ˹ֻ˿ȥһУһ˿ֻ
˿̣
սһ˵Ŀ֮ҲǱһ˿޵Ļ桭




2779ط
 

¥֮У
ѾǽԵƠ뵽֮У
ͬʱ
ֿҲ׵ߣֹֿӣҲЩɻʵ˵ֿݣʲôأ
ʥϣСһ²֪˵˵
ֿݵһʱֿĺúõͻȻܳҪԼ˵ʲô飿
ɻĿֿʵֿݣƽʱɲôԥԥ˰ô°
͡ǹ׻һ飡ֿݿЩ˼˵
׻һ壿ôˣ֪һЩʲô𣿡ʵ
ֿ΢΢ҡͷǵģʥϣ֮ǰλ幫޹ʱҺ˵׻һĻƺԼŮǰɣ
ǰҲ˵ˣɸʲôϵײʵ
ʥϿɻǵڿ֮Ĺĳ𣿡
ֿݿףƺڰ׻һЩʲô
üͷ˼֮Уܿһ㡭˵ֻ׻
ǣ
ֿݿҲЩ˼Ц
ֻ׻ǻʶŮɣֿݣЦƺһ㶼Ц̵
ֿݿЦһʵ˵Ҽһ˵ɣֻ׻ˣҲ˼ɹĽֻ׻ΪˡҲʥɳ衭
ֻСϻ
һֱ׻Լ֮ʵҲͻƵɵڵĲˣ
ֻһֱ׾ҲûбҪ
ڲôѣҲȱôһλֲǣ
ҲΪ׻ǰ׻һΪ߹ĴڣԲշ˼
ȻˣҪֻ׻֮ǰֿݵɳ裬ټ֮ǰ׵ʵȻҲŹԼʵĻˣ
ֿݵͷӦþֻɣ׻Ϊϡ٣˵ǸʱҲǱȽϵǺϣǶʱҲǱʥɽ֮ˣҲ͡
ֲڳ˵⻢ʵŮŲ𣿶ľˣûµģ
׿ֿݽӣҲЦŵ
ֿʿˮȻȣɵʱȷһЩʵֶΣǸϵĻҲҪеյģ
˼Ȼ׵ģַҲҪеοֲ֪߲𣿡
еĺܣһΪɳ裬ǿɾɲϹ˵ˣ
οûֿݣ׻ԼôҲ֪أ
Դĳ̶ֳĻ׾ֿҲǾ˲
ֿݵͷʥô˵Ҳͷˣ֮ǰһֱ˵ţɺԼˣ
Ǹ׻һҲЩԵ˰Цŵ
ֿݵͷڿЩԵְ
С׻
״˿ҲЩͲסҲǽֻ׻˹
ʥϡ
ֻ׻ҲǳݵĺܣΪһĿ׳ɳģ
˵ֻ׻֮ǰôһ
ǺȴһһεĸıԼ׵֪
ڣԼʮֵľ
㿴˭ָָһԵƠҲ΢΢һЦ
磿
ֻ׻һڵϵˣϲ
ǵƠɫҰ׵ڵϵʱ৵һµˣ
ֿһ˵ûˣǻʵŮЦʵ
ʥô֪ģ׻Щʵ
Цŵʲô֣

￴ףҲûԥĻش
ȻǻʵŮΪʲôҪֿأһ޵Щ֣׿Ҳǵͷʵ
ԥһΪ˱ֿǰΣʱ̾һĻŵĻᶼûˣ
ˣ֮µʱ˵ɣһ޻øβأ
ҲԸϾô˵Լһģ
ֿݵĵֻΪʵЩ𺳣
ͨİ׻һ壬Ҳ˵ĽţŵԭҲֻΪ¸Լ鷳ѣ
һ鷳
ʧ֪Ǹ
Ȼûú˵Ļ׻һĹϵ൱ģ
ҡҴôˣʥϣһҪȾҴ簡һεĵ
ʵԴΪֿݵɳ֮Ҳʱķ˻عȺˣ
ԼʱҲе˼һӿ
׿ͷİɣ˵ģһе˵ɡ
ֿݿһ˵Ҳ̾һһжΪҵ˽ôԲס˰ǻȵһԣҪӰʥϵľΰɡ
ͷ˿̵ĿĶǼĸˡ




2780³ɹ
 

֮У
ֿݺĶһԵƠ
˿ƠѾһֱӽһס
ﱻơϣ
ƠʵҪȣǲ̫ʵֵ飡
ȴһ˵
һҪľǽ֮ǰƠڵһˣ

һˮڼ۶ϵϵ뵽ֿݵĶУ
ԭƠĵ֮һɫð
һ˿ֱӱ׸кˣǿɽ֮лûܹҵģ
ಣ
ǵɢ֮׵ж˼öɫĵҩ
ǿʶ֮£Ǽöҩֱ뵽Ơڣ
һСϪһ㲻ϵӿƠ֮У
澭
һ̾ǱǿгƳǳصʿѹһ㣬ֱײ
ÿһ룬ۿɼٶȻĳſ
Ǻ飬Ľ֮ԱϾ׸磡
ôҲû뵽ô֮ĵһμ棬Ȼһ֮£
ˣ
֮򣡣
ײÿһ޸֮õ֮ͬǰ޸õľס
ϾڵƠûа취һ˿һ
Ҫ׵Ľ޲ãΨһİ취ʱԵķ棡
ʵҲ֮Ѷ֮ڣΪֻͬкͣ޷У
׵ȴǡôĽ⣡
һ˵ʥǿߣҲǺ
Ϊڵ֧һӴĹ̡
ۺ
׵ÿһΰڼӹһƷһ㣡
˿̣ٿƠ˵֮еľһűƺõһ㣬ɼ

۶ôϸ΢ľܹھȻĵ޸ţ
ȺʱḶ́һҲԸ׵ȥԣ
ĵĻҲôȥ
ˣʥĿԾҸ𣿡
ң
˿̵Ľֿ֮ҲǸоЩ
ʵƠֿݿ˵һëǮĹϵûУΪԼôֿҲһĪĸо
СİɣʥϵʵѲ㻹֪𣿡
ţҡʥϵġ
Ȼô˵ϵһĨޱȽŵɫ˸оеǷݵǣ
ҲΪû˵֮ǰ飬Ļڸӵûˣ
ֿʥʲôʱ˵㻰ˣȻʥ˵ܹΣǾһܹΣ͵ž۰ɣ
ллˡ
￴ֿݣ֮Ҳǳ˸м֮ɫ
ֿһ죬һ뵽ƭģԼҲЩȻˣ
һߣ
Ѿǽ׵޸ɣ˿Ѿǽԭ𲽵תƵƠĵ֮У
޸ǲʱһ󹤳̣
Ϊ޴ҵҲתվΪԾĵط
һ棬Ҫ֮ǰ֮д洢һ棬ҲҪڵ޸ͬʱͨ⾭뵤֮ϵ
ϰʲô
ʵϰڵƠûѣܹĿԼ壡
ʱƠ״̬Ļô̿ȥҪ׺ܶˣ
ʱһһĹȥ֮գѾȥһʱˣ
޸Ȼķģ
״˿̶ͷ֮Ҳͷ󺹣
գ
ĳһ̣׵ͻȻ˳ͬʱƠ֮ԭƵѾǳ׵ʧ
ಣ
еĵҩԽԽ࣬ƺƠ׵ĸȥˣ
СӵҲǲ
΢΢һЦȻǰ̾ȴǴЦݵģ
ﲢ֪˵Щʲôɵж˼öӵʱҲĺɣ
ֿҲĿɿڴĿף
ǿϵĹʵʵ֮ﰡ
ֲʥ˵һ⼸öĹЧĻƠ֮ʵǰٳ߸ͷһ
ʲôҲƵʵ
ֿݿһЦöԺͻ֪ˣ绹ð
Ŀֿݣڿ׵滺Ҳһ
ٿ
һȵĿռ֮ȼ
ĳһ̣
ƠƺǺ䱬ըһ㣬ܿʼٵתţ
Ҳǽ߾ȫĿסƠ壬ýƽ˳
ԭ겻ƺҲһֻ˳Сһ㣡
ֿҲǳĺһ
룡
ŵĿԼһ̣ȴԼĸѾԼ˫ۡ




2781˫ϲŵİ׻һ
 

¥֮У
׺ƠѾǵڣ
ȻܸƠˣʵܿᷢһЩè壡
׵ǿȻܸ֮Լ֮֮ˣ
ҡģ
Ơ۵һ̣Ҳ±ƣ
¥ķѾǱǿʶˣϾͻȻûһõ˵ҲǺѽ͵ģ
սһػͻȻˣʵЩ޷ͣ
磬Сﰡ
￴Լĸѣһ˵ƠĻУ
ƠԼãЩŵ۾ҡҲǻɢ˰ɣ⻹ǳ˻þˣ
ƠȻ֪ԼжôأͻȻվߣȳҲЩˣ
ԼþȻĳˣҪ֪׻һ嶼ΪԼѾ˶½ˣ
Ơ˳ڼͻȻ֮Լã
һɲǵĻʵҲ飡
׿ƠЦŵ̫ӵѾȬˣ
С⡭ʲôط㡭ôˣ
ƠЩãĿԼãΨһоεҲԼˣ
ƠȷԼãѪԵϵβƵģ
ȻҲ֪ΪʲôԼûͻȻ֮Լĸǰ
ϲ磬⡭һ仰仰˵ʥϾ㣬㻹Ͻллʥϡ
ʥϣ
ƠЩɵĿף֪׵ݣ
̵ʥǶ½۳ĵ۾һҪʥϳ֣ɾΣ˰
۾ף
ƠȻҲ˵׵ĴģҲɻʵ
ޱףط꣬Ҳǰ׻һ˫ϲˣ
׿ƠҲ΢΢ͷ
Ơԥһ£Ǳȭ۾Ơûֻôڶ½أҡҲѾ𣿡
ܲ׿ƠЦŵǰ׻һ֮ܲ
⡭һеô°ҡôκأ붫۾ߴͽ̡
Ơʵǲ֪һе׷ʲô˵ʵļ仹֮ͣǰǵ棡
׼򵥵Ľ˵һ飬ȻϾģҲ޵ֿȣҲҶ۳֮ˣ
ԭˣû뵽۾ƠľˣõľˣƠΪ
Ơ׵Ļһʱᶼ֪Ӧôлˣ
Լ˼Ҿȵģʱ˵һлĻԵ̫԰ˣ
΢΢ҡͷ׻һսѾ̸̫ӵ²ؿֻϣ׻һܹسŵɣ
磬ʥϾ㣬ԺɲܸǶ۳԰
￴ƠҲǰ˵˻
ʵҲ̸ǲ׵ɳ裬ͳ׾ԼķϣӦð˵
ƠһЦС˵ʲôҵƷ㻹ǶԼľ˱ǻǸ𣿡
̫ӵ¹Ȼˬ죡׹һЦ
ʥϣաղ˵ǸǸƺһЩʲôҲЩ˼ʵ
Сôµĸ˵Ҫ˵ʲôЦʵ
͡Ǹ
ƺЩ˼ǿóʵġ
һԵƠЦŵС㵽˵ʲô۾ľˣɲܵô߰Ȼص׻һ壬һߵĹӴ۾
ղšղʥ˵˵á
ʵղһֱҪʣһֱ֪ʲô˼
ο˼Լĸõʲôô
һֱУͻȻֱ֮ﲻסˣ˵£
Ͼ׵Լĸ絽׵õʲôôԵЩʵһЩ
Ҫ֪Լĸ絽ôã
ã
ƠԼõĻҲЩƣ
ʵƠԼĲ黹ûеֲĵز
ϾʵԼǿ϶ûģ
׻һôĸ֣ôûоȵԼأ
οǰ׻һ˾ȲԼѲԼĸʻ취Լ
ƠڻΪԼԼģ֪õĻ֮ˣ
׹һЦ̫ӵ¿ԸһԼʵ
ƠɵĿףոջָûüܣ
ɵƠĳԼʵʱҲĿɿڴĿ˵Ȼ־˲٣⡭ôܣ
ˣЩԺ˵ɣƺеְ
˿̣
׳ʶϣȴս֮




2782սVS
 

׻һ֮ſڣ
ս˿ڶţƺЩ˳۶Էĸо
ʲôģ
ȻЦģܹ˰׻һ̫ӣ
²ܣ
Լǲܷ飡
һ׾ȲƠĻǽɲ׻һôˣ
ѵ
һ̱ǰ׻һȫȡĶˣ
飬ʲô
ս飬ҲĨһ˿⣡
һأ幫廹ʲôطǱȥõ𣿡
飬Ұ׻һ֮ҪҰ׻һ֮𣿡
սһ̤˲һ
սΪ˭вɣҪȥܹαΣ
鿴սҲ¶һ˿ŵЦݣ
飬ʱ̫ˣѾ֪ʲôˣ幫һʶ㻹ǸϽ뿪ǰ׻һĵطɣ
սըˣסˣ
Ϊʲô
Ϊĵ̣ĸ鶯ֵĻ֮˻վʲôط
ȻǲģΪ谮һλ˾֪飡
սɲΪԼܹʷŹ۸Ů֮ˣ
ԣսǷǳǷ磡
ֻ
˷ǰʵΪ˵ˣǼһô̵ʱھȺƠģ
ˣڸһʮµʱ䣬ܹκƠ
Ơƣ˵·ҲѾˣ
ǼһʵȷǷǳĲѲԼĸʵҪ
Ȼǣ
鿴һ϶Ҫʲô
ս㻹氡Ơʲôݣͷİһ㶼֪ʲô·ˣ
оԼƺûбҪս࣡
ĿֻһǾǵõ
ѵҲҪ׻һģҲں
飬㵽Ҫ˵ʲôҰ׻һʲôƺҲֲָֻŰɣ
սڿ飬ǳĲˬ
Ůʲô˵оڵһ㣡
ټ֮ǰĵԼһԼѵյĺܣ
Ѿǽȫϣ˶۾ϣΪѾǱѡˣ
ѵƠĿ΢΢ʵ֮ǰڰ׻һʱѾ֪ˡ
һҽģ
һʲô漣أ
ôҲû뵽ȻܾԼѵð׻һ嵱ˣ
Ϊ׻һ£սܺò˹أ
˼ǣڸȡǻе̸ʱɱֱǰ׻һӣ
԰˵ð׻һѡ
սЦһȡѾˣֹѾڸ̫ӵβˣ
սս㻹Ļ˰ǵèҽÿ𣿿ĲӣҪСǱΪˣ
ҲһǿΪĲˬ
ս˵飬ʵ˿Ŷĵĺܣֹβ̫ӵµĲҲˣǰ׻һѵⷽĺȡˣ
ս֪˵ʲô𣿡
һ׻һҪԼѿ
Ȼ֪Լ˵ʲôҰ׻һҲй壬ϷˣĶ󣡡ս˵
ѲսͲƠ𣿡ɴ۾սʵ
Ұ׻һľͲҪ˵ĲķˣͿ͡
սҲڿһۣԭ֪ŮЩѲ
ôҲû뵽Ů˾ȻѲ˵ĵزҪˣ
ߣȻ˵ĻǱҪǸֵļһôβģͥ塭˵
̵ͥڣ
ȥǼһŸ򿪡Ŀ̣˿Ŷоһɺ
飬㣬Ǹ̤һֹӵƣǿɲҪֱˣ
սû뵽ŮھȻʼӲˣ
սһε㣬ĵ̣Ҫĵˣ᣿ˣطˣͥ壬ϣ
ƺĵҪ׻һȥˣ׻һҲûдԼӲǣ
飬㲻ҪƱ֣սɫѾѿ˼㣡
ʵԸ嶯֣ʱԲκ˽У
Ȼɡ
¥֮У׵ս鼸ͬʱסˡ




2783Ϊʧ
 

սסˣ
Ҳסˣ
׵սһ˿Ϣ棬֮дһ˿Ƿ֮˼Ŀһ£
ˣ
սиоһľģΪƵĻԲô죡
ŹȥʱĹ򣬾ֹʵǿҲôɣ
ΨһĿԾʧˣ
ЩüɫȥʱıܷӦսһģ
ֻսдʹˣ˷ܵ飡
׻һ̫˵һϢ
ټ׵ʧܣԼһܹ״ѹĻ
һĹѾ֪Լ׵ϳ˶ٵıˣ
ǷǳĲˬǼһкö

ҪõĶȻ˼
ʵҲûʲô̫ˣ
Ǽһսȥ೤ʱ䣿͸ñȥˣ
仰ʵ֮Ҫ˼׿϶ʧˣ
սбǿֻӣҲŭһ飬ǰ׻һ岻ӭ㣬߰ɣ
սôҲǰ׻һɣȻô۴ܲˣʵǼһԲܾȻƠİɣ
ЦһóȷǷǳĿģ
һּҳ
˿Ȼ˻᲻ģ
սĻĿһɵ飬˵һ䣿ŲűŪ㣡
սսܻҲѹ֣׻һδ̳˶ȥˣҲӦõġ鲻զεķϣͲ̼ˣ
鵭ȻһЦƺԵ÷ǳķƵ
һ԰׻һˣһѾǿɥΪߵĻᶼѾҪˣ
̫ţ
׻һ˵Ǿ޴Ĵ˭֪̫Ơ׻һǿǾԵĳţ
Ҳδ׻һ̳ˣ
ɰ׻һ;ⶣ⻢ȺʧȥԼŮͶӣǶڻ˵ɾǾ޴Ĵ
ֻð׻һ˵г˳޵Ŀ⣡
䣡
һҵȭӰֱӳķȥ
սֱһȭϣҲЩ⧲
սȻûҪ鶯֣ڷйһԼ
ݣ
ʵҲǹǿô̵ʱҲǷӦ˹
һ˲䣬սĹ
մŭսҪ𣿡
飬ˣִҪҰ׻һ֮ĻǱֻܹΪַҰ׻һˣ
սѾûȥҲʵ
Ƕ˵ʵòԣ
ԼûȥԼ
˭Ҳܲ˰ɣ
Ҫ֪Ơɲǰ׻һ̫ӣҲԼͬĸĸ磡
ս۴ʲôǶȥĻ˿̵ĳ̶ȶһ޷ģ
Ҳóսķŭ֪ʵԼҲȡˣ
Ϊ˵õȷЩֶΣ
أҪõĶûеòģ
׻һҲûʲôģĿֻһǾе
ŭݽʧսս֪ѹһе׿ļһʲô𣿡

սԸڸ˵һ仰ǾǸƤҩһŲߣ
սƠѾ޷ˣ׻һҪƺôһЩʧɣֻҪܹõСӵѵǰ׻һ壬԰֮ǰĶǡ
սﻹ˼̸Щν棿
˵ֻܹȥһԼĶ磡
ս˵飬̫顯Ұ׻һˣЩǻŰɣӴԺҰ׻һƲ
㡭
ҲЩŭˣһ˵ͨ
ôҲܲţҲ׼뿪
Ͼ˵ֻҪײ뿪壬ʲôʱҪȡܹȡ
ҲˣԵʱǿȡˣ
Ǽһʵǿܹأ
ĵ̣ٴҲøúôţ
սֹôôķϻˣûأ
սੲ֮ʣһĳֱ˳׵ıˣ
սֽȻͬӵʱ¥֮ҲһƬЦ




2784²˼Ľ
 

أ
ս¥ʱŻǱҿģ
̫ˣ
ٶսͰ׻һ˵ʵ̫ˣ
̫ӵµû
սѲɻ֪Լ𣿶˭ֱԼ֣
³˲֪ô֮⣬ҲԼĶˣ
ԭսΪԼĶ϶ǱعɣΪʺĵһҽҲǺķ˺ܳʱ䣡
˼ҽȥżʱԼĶ羹Ȼܹ˵ˣ
漣
սкһȼյĻ棬˶֧Ųסˣ
ôĲȰս
սʧǽӣƠҲЦеĿԼĵܵܣ
սֱӳƠķ˹ȥֻƠȥ
ʲôأսʲôʱˣ
ƠսȻ֪ԼĵܵǵԼ
ʵлǷǳĸжģֻҲ̲סĿ˸Ц
磬㡭ˣ
սƠҲԼ۾˵ʵǵڻЩǰһУ
ƠսЦŵĺ񱾹СӲſǲǣ
磬ҡҲ˼ֻֻ⡭ʵЩ˼鰡
սƠҲǾ㵵˵
һ˵ȷЩˣҲڵ˼ĳ̶Ȱɣ
Ơսӣؿʶһ˵ԣ
Ơ㡭㾹Ȼˣܣôأ
˿̿Ơӣ׵ķˣ
֮ǰԼıݣڿһЦһ㣡
ǰ棬ԼһСһ׺Ơĸǰţ
ˣʵ̫ˣ
ΪʲôԼÿһֵļһĸǰֲأΪʲô
˿̿ףܹһڰһȥ
Ơ˵¸ղΪˣƺܿİ
˼֮ǰѾ˾ȵˣҸʺһҽûа취ƣôأ
Щʵǲ֪Ϊʲôӵģ
˵һԼĸʺĵһҽõˣһﵽôأ
ѲһʵǱԼĸʻҪǿ
ţ
ԲһʵܹǿԼĸʣ
˵ʲôʺĵһҽβãս
ƠʱʶԼƺЩһĸо֮ǰ׾ԼȻףȴû̫һ£
߲֪ԼǼһ
սƠҲЩϲ˵磬㡭ǸǸհû뵽˶Ϊûϣʱ򣬾Ȼֹӣ
⡭ⱾôأƠҲǴ㵵Ŀʵ
΢΢һЦʵԭӦûôأܵĹУһЩطԵµأټ㱾ʵͷǳǿᣬһ˾ȲҲģ
ô;ȵˣʶʵ
׿鵭˵ɽ磬һ漣ĵط㲻ΪʲôһЩ鲻һŶۣ
飬߰ɣ㲻ҪֹӵЦЦúܺЦ
ս˿Щ޼ɵķ飡
һһףҲЩûվߵĸоˣ
Ǿôˣܸоô£
鿴սףݺݵ˵㡭Ǹţ㣬ֵģΪ˱㻹ܹ߳𣿡
飬嵨˺ֹӣҰ׻һԲӦģԣ
սֱӵ׵ĸǰ˿̵İ׻һ弸˵ǷΪһˣ
ܹȻǵ̫ӵ£ǾǾȻ˰׻һϣ
ķζըˣֱŤͷԼ޹ķʧˣ
ʲôԽԽ޳ˣս뿪ҲǶݺݵ˵
սϾĵ̣õ͵ĻҪ͵һЩġƠ΢΢һЦ
Ҳǵͷѿ֮죬ұɣ
۾ƠľˣƠһݣĻǾһоڲаɡ
ƠҲһʵһЩˣҪȥ
һַֻƠ΢΢ҡͷֻ֮ϣܹǴӦ޵飬Ҫʧźã
Ơսͬʱͷ۾ģҰ׻һǱ֮ˣ
׵ͷһԵ￴ƠЦŵ磬һǶԿʥأ
ŸղսĶ˿̵ҲЩ
ʥϣԼ缸Ǳ
磿㡭ʲôʱ˸ð⡭˴ʲôطİ
˵֮ʣս˿ҲǶƺѾûʲôӡˣ
ʵϣ֮ǰҲŲСı仯ټսҲδһһûϳҲģ
սӣƠ׻һԵﶼЦ




2785º֮־
 

˸磬㲻ʶ˰
ʵղſսһ̣ҲǷǳļ
ԭΪս϶һ۾ϳˣ֪սû˭
ʵҲܹսΪսѾˣ
ټղһֱƠƸԭļ֮УҲûʮֵĹע
ŵﺰƠʱһûзӦ
˸磿㡭ǡ
սƺЩӦǲŵ֮ʵѾǿóˣ
ﰡ˸㲻ʶ𣿡
￴ս֪Լİ˸粻ԼģӦûϳԼ
С㡭С磬ôСأСѾ
սһӱЩ״
ƠһЦɶ۾ȣСûһûŪأⲻ泳˰𣿡
ΪǣǰҲӵİ֪ΪʲôôĺǷᣡ
սҲƣԼҲû뵽Ȼӣ
ʵǱȽϵĸߵģҲһˡ
֪Ϊʲôǳһ㣿רŸǰ׻һȥ
ˣϾ˼ҵĵϣ
ƠƸԭҲǴãټԼҵˣԼĸһ֪ԼûţҲǻἤġ
ЩԼĸÿÿἰԼõʱݣ
ƠóԼĸʶԼõֹģ
ҲǵͷǰȻѾˣҪȻȻȥɣôˣҲûмʣҲ֪˼һ𣿡
ʡá
սҲ΢΢̾һȻ鲢˵
ôˣ
Ơһӿս飬Ҳսĸ첲ʵ
ս̾һ硢Сǻȥ֪ˣЩΪĲҲǡ
һЦŵҪĴ󱯴ϲ˰
ҪҪȻȻȥɣȸһҲûʲôȤ
սףҪľѯף
ˣѯʲѯʵûʲôġ
΢΢ҡͷ޴˷ǰ壬һЩû꣬ȻǸСãǱˣЩҲʲô
飿ղҵȿ۾幫֮ǰĹϵƺ
սЩüȻӦòġ
嶼֪׵ݣô˵Ӧǻ켣ġ
ʲôĿأѲɻҪĶ
ҪĶҲȸһ֮ΰɣ
һսЩ׻һˣ
սƺЩĿ˵Ȩ£ûб˭Ҳÿ

λ׻һҲǵһȻȻ˳˷֮У
۾ﶼԼˣʲôֱ˵ɡ
ƠҲǻָԼ׻һ̫ӵӣ׵ȻһЦ
ȻԼľˣϾǰ׻һ̫ӣкܶҲҪȺİΣġ
˵һЩ֮ǰϣλܹܣ׵
۾ģۺ£˵ܶ˵ȥ֣ο۾ǱľˣҲСľˣô˳Ц֮أ
ƠףҲĵ˵
һԵսҲǵͷԼǣҵȾ޿ɥ֮£۾ʵŲҵȣȫԲ˵
Ǻǣ޵ҲŲλֻСһЩҲӦõġ΢΢һЦȻ޴˷ǰҪĿľΪƻȸһ
Ŀɿڴ
˵仰ʱƠսʶ˶ӶԷ֮пһĨ֮ɫ
۾֪˵ʲô
ƠֵĿףо׾Ǵ˵ʲôһ㣡
׿Ơ΢΢һЦЩ鷳Ѿ
ʥϣǴƻȺһˡ
׵ĻҲǳ׵ˣ
ΪǿѰ·ʮһ氡
۾ǵ˼ǷҰ׻һУ
Ơף֪ô˵ԲǾ͸Լһ£
أ΢΢ֵ
ǡǶ۾˼ǡƠƺһʵǲΪʲôҪô
ֻϣ׻һԺܹվһߣһͳɽ磡
׿Ơս˵ĸǰ˵ԼĿģ
ֿ֮˼ͬʱ𾪵ĿףһʱڱЩ




2786¾㵵İ׻һ
 

һͳɽ磡
֪Ŀʵ࣬ο׽֮ˣһҲ˵ȥ
壬ڰ׻һȸһȷ£֮⣡
ʱ˵ⷬҲûпǾ˵ġ
׻һ峤Ҳǰ׻һδƠԼȵģ
ĻƠ϶һغ
ǴʲôǶƠԼӦòôĶӣ
Ȼǰ׻һ廢ʵŮҲԼˣ
һ򲽽׻һôĲ֪ôĻҲûа취ģ
֪Щ˵˷Ȳ˵Ҫãͨȥ̽һ°׻һ壡
ǰ׻һ岻ԸϣҲǰù滮ǣ
Ψһȷǣ׻һĿǰԼĵˣ
һͳɽ磿۾־ʵ
Ơ˿̶֪Ӧ˵Щʲôˣ׾췽ҹ̷
һԵսҪʵںܶ࣬΢΢ҡͷһͳɽ̸ףҰ׻һվڶ۾ߣأ˵һͳɽ磬嶼Ǻ
ʥϣҰ˸ԼǣʥϵĿǲǶ̫һЩ
ҲǾ㵵ݱɫҲ̽Եѯʵ
Ȼһֱǳģ˵Ļף
¶һ˿Цݵɽһ⣬ǲһЩʲôܾЩźϲսϲܱɿܣ
۾֪ɽһͳжٵĴҪôûһܹɹġֵƠľˣƠӦʱֵۣǡ
ƠĻѾ˵ķǳˣǳ
ǳŪôҶᱻǰ˸Ū
̫ӵ¶޾ôûģ
׿ƠǴŵЦʵ
ƠЦһֵ˵󣡸ο⡭Ơʵ̫һЩ
սҲǵͷ˵壬أǻϾûʲô˰οÿһ嶼ôŽһ£ʱһ˱٣Ǳһɱ
ֵۣ˵Լǣ߰ǾȻܱūۣټʹһħ壬壬ûԸⱻū۰
ƠףͲû˵׿϶ʧܣĺܲˣ
׹һЦûѶȵĻλΪ޻ǰ׻һ𣿡
ˣɡҰ׻һҪԽǲܵģ
Ơδܾףڸ׷ľʧ
ȵʧֵĻôƠµѪˣ
޿ȸһ׻һأЦʵ
ȸһ壿ѲֵѾ˵ȸһ峤Ӧòܰɣ
Ơһ㶣漴ȻʧЦһҡҡͷ
˵ȸһĻȸһΪʲôּأ
ֻ׵˵
ֵۣȻƠľˣ˵ƠӦ˵áʵϰ׻һȨҸʣƠûоȨֻнȨο
Ơ˵˵ţĸо׵뷨Ƿǳķ
׿ƠЦʵʲôѣ˵һ
Ȼֵ뷨ƠΪӦÿǵǿԲ˵ԣһرҰ׻һȸһԽȥĴɽ
ƠʱҲҪˣ׻һսȻǿ
Ҫ˵ĻǼǲܵģ
Ǽȸһ壬˵ʵҲǺѺѣΪĺս֮Ҫǿ٣
壬ǼǲԽһڣ
ǰֵۣҶ˵ûʵ壬Ϊǵľ壬ŸҲôġǲϰæǣȺˣҸܹģ
սҲǿĵ˵Ϊ׵Ļŵˣ
΢΢ͷͲǲˣϣ׻һܹ޹ͼɽ罭ɽ
ֵۺ죬ƠҲ飡ƠڴԣǲӲӲ壬Ұ׻һ廹оԵĵġ
һͳɽ磡
˵ǶƠһ
ʵϣɽô꣬û˷ɽһͳ
塢塢ʹħ壬Ƕǳһ򲻶ϵŬţ
ɼɹеģɹûеģ
Ⲣ֮ͣΪһɹԴò˵ҪǱʷ
ջǵֵ˵ģ
Ȼ˵岻ҪǣֻҪĿԽǰ׻һֶΪأ
Ҳѹ֮²
ѡЩʱŬҪ׿Ơ˵һζĻҲۣ޵Щ֣Ơ̫ӵʵ廹˭ܹ֮ˣ




2787¹ͬ
 

Ơɫһ䣡
ʵԴƠ֮Ҳûἰ£
ʼ£һԵսҲɫϵŭ˸ܵ쳣У
磬ֵ۲˵ҶˣҲʮֵŭ£֪׺˵˶磿
սĿԲȥŭ
һԵҲǴŷĿ⿴ƠҲŭǰ磬˭ôĵӰ
Ơ̾һʥɽ׼峤
׼峤λǿ𣿡
սҲǵһ֮ǰµóӦʥɽˣôҲû뵽Ȼĵһǿߣ
Ǻӣһ֣Ҳüʵ
Ǻӣ
Ȼ˵׼ҵ֣ǰǺû˵
Ơ׵ͷ
磬Ϊʲôйڰʹɱ֣
սЩ׵ĿƠϾ׻һǿɲǺǵĴڣ
ǺӾͲ֮Ĺϵ
ҲǿƠʵʵӦǿԿóݵİɣǹģ
ȻǹģƠݺݵĵͷȻǼһȻҪñɳ裬ֱд
ɳ裿ʥɳ裿
ҲЩզ࣬ǺӹȻҲǷ˰Ȼ˴󵨵뷨
Ҫ֪ܹﵽʥѾǰ
ôܻ˵ɳأ
ֲʹɱ֣Ϊһ׻һĶУǵʱҲǲݵľ棡
ֻҪնɱƠʯһ㣡
ʱ°׻һ嶼֪Ơôģ
ɰǺӿԼҲû뵽Ơܻˣû
ط֪Ҳ֪Ȼ˵ĳ־ã
ʵ⻹øлǿǣС񣬾ǶǣҲԲģ
ˣ׼ǲǷˣȻҰ׻һ̫Ӹɳ裿̫
ս׵ĻˣκһϢҲðɣ
Ơ˵վΪ׻һ̫ӣǱǴŰ׻һϣսҲȻܴӦ
׼ԺҰ׻һ֮Уݣ
սƠĻҲ֮еĺ˸оΧ¶˲䵽˱㣡
Ǵô죿Цеʵ
Ǻӣ
ʥɽ׼ң
˲뵽ԼŮ˰Ϫڲ֪Ϫôˣ
ȷǣ׼ҾԲɱӵ֮Ϫģ
˵ĵ˾ѣ
û뵽Լ׻һԵ˼㣡
˿̾Ȼ˷ŭʱ¶һ˿ǳЦ
Ơ׵ֵۣ׼ĳ壬ʵС׼壬ʥɽ֧֣Ұ׻һʱûа취
ȻƠвʣҲɵӣ
ǿ壬׻һҪѹһ壬Ǽǲܵģ
ٽ
ȻҲǳԸɷģô屻ַ˶ٴΣ
أ
嶼չأչı֮ǰҪã
˵ǴСǿ͵ģ
ǺƠɳ裬ƾ޾ݣ̨ʵҲûκεô
ʱ׻һµĻǵʱ϶ǻἤķ
ԣƠȻ˺ǰǺӣ֪һиʵ
߷ɧ˵˵ݻǿԵģ
ҪʵжĻǾһˡ
磬˸ƴˣ׼Ҽֱ۸ǰ׻һſˣȺʲôʱܹ
սҲŭһԵ쳣ĳ嶯
׵ͷɽķгرֻ
ֵۣ˵Ơ׵ĻҲǹ
Ơ̫ԣǺһ壬ӵʥɽΪɽǱǲ׶Ըλɻǵ֮ǰ˵һ仰
ЦеĿƠƠɫһ䣬漴Щϲ
׵ֵ֮ǰҪһͳɽ磬ô֮а׼ұֵĶ֡
⣡΢΢ͷһӿɽ̵ģ
Ұ׻һֵԵɷֵ۵׻һҸһ𣿣
Ơ׵˼֮ǰ˵ѡĻôǻзǺɵɣ
ΪƠ֪׻һԲ裡
һǿĺߣһжòһˣ
˫裬ǺһΪĻˡ
ʱ䣬޶Ȼǰ
ҲЦ˫ԽԽĬ
ҲռĵλƠս֪Щ鼴зգҲòһˣ
ʱš
ڶ磬ѾŵƽʡַǷ




2788ʣӣ
 

ʹ֮ڵĹ㳡֮У
˿̵һƬƽľ
һȺ˴ӵ㳡ĸ̨֮ϣףȸһ
ɾǸ̨ǰȴһĵļ̳
ձӵĶȸһ峤õŮ誵Ĵ֮գ
һͨĴ飬ȴ·ǿйע
ΪģΪȸһ󳬼壡
󳬼ĳ̶ֳ˵νҪԭĳƽ⣡
ΪעĿ±׻һһˣ
Ĵ壬λһûκε
սǿıǰ׻һ壬ȸһλһȻսһЩǵķȴ˹Ŀ࿴ġ
ȻĴչֳǿһ棬Ҳ޵еĴڣ
ΪһϣҲֻܹɵˣ
ֻһ嵱еκһĻƽľͲˣ
ҲǻҲĬĬز˵Ǳ
ȸһһονǴƳ棬ð׻һһֲ
ʹ֮ڣ
ӺĶ껻λ͹ۼĹ֮У
Ӹոճأ֮ǰΪһֱҲûжʱȥĴ£
ԼĶӴڼȻҲҪģ
Ͼһʢǣ
ټϽӳ˹ԼӵĴʢ䣬һεԭ񱦲أ
ʣǷȸһĵϵɡǶŮ˷ǵǴ֮һ⡭ܴ𣿡
˵֮һֻ֮ü֮һĨŭɫЩ
̫ӣҲĳǿ֮һδ껣
ȸһǱʵ˼
ӿԼĶӣ̬Ҳһ㶣
ƵȨһչӵϣ
㶣һʱ䶼֪ԼӦ˵ʲôˡ
ʵϣ껲ԸȸһΪδʣôܹԼأ
һϿһȻʵˣ
֪֮ܲ
ԭǵļƻ֮Уǿ°߷誣Ȼ誽ϿǷԴ񱦲صڣ
ɺȸһķͨˣȴȢ誣
޷ܣƺܾˣ
Ȼʱ껶ûмԼĸʡ
껼ԼĸʣȻЩˣֻȴȥˣ
ʣŮôԼǣǷ誸Ϊ̫
飬һҲվԼĸʵ
ɨһȦ˵˭վɣ
ԭ׼վģɿԼվˣҲû֨
ʢǲȡģôܹ񱦲أ
Ҫ֤һУǾȿȸһǷܹ񱦲أ
ں飬ǾͽԼˣ
˵һ飬껺ZѪ֮񱦲أֱӴλ껳Ϊʣڵʱ誣ΪǱԼˡ
ӿԶ㳡֮Ǽ̳֮ҲɢһĨڴ֮ɫ
ǡҪǴ򲻿أ
껿ԼĸСʵó˿ҲЩġ
򲻿Ǵ򲻿Ļôʱʮ̳꣬б²ʸ񣡡
˵ʵ껲ʮֵ⣡
ⲻƽ
껸ոһĨ֮鳹׵Ϊ񱦲ô״򿪵Ļڵ
Ȼ֪ԼʵڴУû뵽ǣԼĸʾȻԼǰ;һεĶע
ߣܹƽҲʵһ֣ȻлΪεʣȻҲлʧȥ˶ѣ
ӵ˵ƺһȻ
ΪĻʣĻʥּ˸ɣ
ֻǵ˵仰ʱƺҲԾԾ
翴һƣ˺ȻȻӵӢ
λƺҲѧĸ˵
һƺôΣȻ徺ңôģǵһ
ʱѵ汾ӭȸһķ峤ɡ
ƺԸ߶˵ʲôΨһڴ±ǹ㳡ǰ񱦲˰ɣ
˵ΨһĿ꣡
Ŀ꿴ƾܽȴ·Զߣڴ񱦲شԼϣ




2789³ɹ
 

ʹڵĹ㳡֮У
˵Ŀⶼۼ˹㳡룬ɺͷ誡δκǰ壡
ȸһ˵һδԽ࣬׵ѹԽ
ԣɾʹԼĶӺͷǰ壡
ӵҲüͷ΢壡
ȸһ徹Ȼ˵ĲԼһ
誣˿Ӧͷϼ߹ķ壡
һȫûУɺͷ誵˹·ǿһ㣡
ЩǣȾһҲĿɿڴ
Ȼһη誵ĳЩ֮Աǣ
ǿȸһӦΪܹҸеҰɣ
û뵽嵹ͦӵģ෴ȸһȴһ㶼ӣ
ȸһǲǷ˰ȻôˣҲ̫˰ɣ
ǰԭΪһεĴʢڿǳ
ǿʵɫ֪ˣֱ䰡
б䣿Բܣ˭ĵڰҿⲻȸһ˰ɣ
һ˲䣡
Ļʹִƴ˵ܶ˶ڽͷӶţ
˵ȸһʵʲô£
ҲһЩѾվȸһ壬ǾǺ£
ɵǿһĻʱ򣬶Ǿ㵲ѣ
ȸһ˺ųǿıְ
һŪôĶƨɣʵЦ󷽣
˿̣ϵһĨ֮ɫ˶֪ϷҪˣ
ɣǺ⣿
մŭŷɽǴŷǰҲǳ׵ŭˣ
Ǳ£ȸһҲӦö˲ɣ
ǰ˿Ц
ȴмĶԻƺҲ岻죡
ɵ˵⻰Ӻ˵𰡣СŮ飬ǰѲʲôʧ֮𣿡
ߣɣƱˣ
ӵ͸һӵɱ֮ѡʱô϶ɵģ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôĿ֮Լϣ
Ӳʡ͵ĵƣȻȸһ岻ӣκεӣ
ЦһǺôϰֻɲ֮ˣձǰгŵѣ岻ȸһȻҲǿ󡭡
һ
ɵĻӲȻŭȴķ
Ϊʲô
һжΪ񱦲ǵĻһ׼壬ʵôܹ֪أ
ĸ߲֮УʵҲ㲻ʲôˣ
Ϊ񱦲س˸ָķ
һȸһʵҲΪǲŵõõһط
ƺطɹĿԷǳĸߣ
Ǵʱȸһ巭ĻȸһĵϵѪ¾ͻˣ
ӵӳһ˿ĲԼȭͷ˺һӲŻķſ
ϵɱ֮Ҳǰȭͷɿʧ
ɣõĺܣ껺ڣ
ŭһ۷ɣһδ뵽˵ĶУ
ڣ
껴˿Ҳŭ壬ԭͲȸһˣڿȸһŰ裬ŭѣ
Ϊ̫ӣ桢ηأ
ԭ׼һʽŷɵӣʽȥˣ
νأʵϾһӶѣ
̳ԭ񱦲صڣȻ֮ܶ˲֪֪֮һģ
ӵĻȻҲ֪ģ
񸸻֮
껵ɫ˿̿ŷһ˿޵Ŀ⣡
֪ĻΪǳ˼أ
ʣƺϹذɣ˵
ɣȻ壬һȻǰĹˣ㡢׵ĵѲ㶼𣿡
ЦһƺûнɷУ
ɫ쳣ѿȱû뵽ģĿ⿴ԶȺ֮еף
˵ʵ˿̵ķϻΪĵǣ
巭ܲ߳¶δ֪
ڼȻ̤һô͵ÿ׵̬ˣ
׳ŷͷһȻȻĹأǱȻûģ
̳
껺ͷѾվǼ̳֮ϣ˿Ҳǲգ۾´ʲô
ԭΪҪڵһӵĺϷƺһѾǿˣ
桢ηأ̫ӵ¡̫ȡѪһΣ̳֮У
һϵ˵Ķը죬ѾǽڵһξѪƳ
誵ǰҲǻĳһξѪ
ξѪ໥ڣһǼ̳֮âʢƺ˿ף
ɹ
ĸ߲жĨһ˿ϲɫ
ӵ֮Ҳ͸һӼĹâɽһĻȴⱲӶˡ




2790¿Ѫ
 

̳룡
ξѪ໥ںϣ̳ƺΪһ壡
˲䣡
âʢ
̳֮ϣһӰһӰʽ֮ƣϿţ

һ̣Ӱ֮з·͸һХ˴һܣ
̳ɶ
ԭβƵļ̳һ̻˺ѿһһ˿Ŀӣ
һ˲䣬ƺк֮⣡
֮ɢһɾϲĹâգ֮䣬ӰѾǵִѷĸǰ
ɾԥһԼҪҪ֮ʱ
һӰȴĸǰƮûüǵӰѾʧ˼̳֮У
ˣ
ɲ֮䣬Ǽ̳ԭ˺ѿѾǳ׵ıպϣ·ûгֹһ㣡
˽ڵ
һЩ֪ʲôҲһͷˮĿǰľǶ֪ʲô飡
Щ֪ˣŴ˿̵ľһǺ䣡
Ϊ
Ȼ˸ĵ֮񱦲أⲻԼû뵽ģ˶û뵽飡
أ
һ͵˲Ǽ̳֮ϣǼ̳ƺ˿
˶˭
ӳ׵ıˣνļֻ̳֪֮񱦲صڣ
֪ܵˣҲĸ߲㣡
˵һ˸֪ܣ
ղŽһ˲Ĺ򣬼˼Ҫӵĸǰ񱦲أҲǲܵģ
ǣֲƫƫͷˣҾͷӵĸǰ
ֱӴӵ
Ѫ
ֱǿѪ
һƬ޲ֱӰǿ̳Ǹȥ˸
Ȼô
ĿɿڴĿǰһУ񱦲Լʻ˶˼ڴ򿪵Ķ
ôҲû뵽ǸֵļһȻƤӵȷľٶ
һʱ䣬Ҳǳ׵סˣ
ٿ
鿪֮ʣӵʶѾǳ׵ѹ˹
飬ʶ˭
ûκεķϻѾǸ飬˿̷ǳ
ŮĻѾǶˣ
ʣ⡭һ֣ҡҲ֪ˣ
ŵ˵ЩˣΪûпԼĸʶԼ˵񣡣
ɱⱲˣ
˭˭ģ˭
Ӵ˿ǻŭ޴йеķ֪
һԵķɿӳʣ⵽ô£Ĵ£ʿɲҪΪôһС¶λ𰡡
Ȼô˵ѾЦ˻
ʵʱյķǳĵλһ³׵ʧȥȸһȤˣ
Ϊ֪ʵյĿľǴ񱦲صڣ
ղ껺ͷ誵ľѪ޷񱦲صڵĻôһ¾ͻǰֹˣ
񱦲شˣӾԲȥˣ
峤֮Ҹã
ʣʲô˼ȸһ嵱ʲôˣпģǱϻԴǵ˵
˵һ飬֮¾ʹ˸ǳ
ӿŷɵƺһɱ˰Ŀ⣡
ǷҪĽ˵ȸһҲȥߣȻȸһ֮¾ʹ˸ǳ
Ȼû뿪̬ѾǱķǳˣ
ڷ˵˵õĽˣ
ʱǲҪȥ岻
ţʽΧסһ˳ֱܻ񣡣
ӲδȥĵҪ׳ˣ
һ˵ƺҲûҪߵ˼ΪҲҪĽΣ
һߣ
ԭ֮ǰ׷һЩͻĺرˣ˿̿׾Ȼ泱Ҳסˣ
񱦲ǺöȺöãҲ
һ˵Ⱥ鼤ʵǶ֪ʲô飡
񱦲岢ʲôܣһǶ֪ȸһĿģ
һľ֣ȴΪѣ
һںĸо
Ȼ֪Сӵô֪񱦲صܣѾ˳׼ˣ
ȻǳڣôСӾԲܴĵطȥģ
ֻҪСһǵʱֱܻҲһջˣ
ټѾ֪δ񱦲أȻŭлЩģ
˵ˣһ񱦲أܹúö
ĶҲֻи߹ӵаɣ
˵Ŀⶼ˼̳֮ϣƺ˭ҲԸһ̵Ƿ·ڴǼһһ̡




2791
 

ΧһƬң˿ȴֻһ˽񱦲أ
̳ڴ
׸ոս̳֮еʱ˾Ǳһ޾ĺڶһ㣡
۵һ̣ŵı޾գ
˵񱦲ʲô⣿
׵Ժ֮ҲһƬĻ磬һƬգҲƵĺܣ
ʶţ
׵ʶϵ̽ΧһУʼȴûκεķ֣
ʱһһţ
׵ƺ׹һ㣬Ҳüüͷ
⣡
֮ԶһסףܿһŰɫ⻺ı󣡣
Ҫִһ˲䣬۾ƺһŪЩۣ
أ
˫̤أ
ԭĸоѾʧȡ֮һƬʵأ
Ƭ
޾ķƬҲЩˣʷΪԣķƬˣ
Ȼ񱦲أǲһ
׵ҲǼѣڿȷһǣȷıˣ
׸֮ʣǿռ֮еķƬƺһµٶţ
ʲô
ҲһܿȻʧЦ
ռ֮еķƬʧǱԼţ
һ̷·ɳĮ֮ˮԴһ㣬ţ
ײδֹΪôķƬʵԼոʵҲûʲô̫
ϣһЩܹڶʱڻָ
Ҫ֪һλĻôҲǿ԰Ⱥܶġ
׹۲ΧһУƺ˷Ƭ֮⣬ûʲôĶ
ſռ֮еķƬڶʱһգһƬռƺҲı
ףһܲ
֮ʣһε
üͷһϲվԼԱߵ棬ҲǼ˵棬㡭ˣ
Ѿûжˣֻڶʱڿܻﲻ̫æ
ٺһЦӣƺָ൱Ĳ
һƬռȷΪֹˣ滹аİЦŵ
ͷһƬΪľԻȻǺ٣ܹˡʲôطĪСѾˣ
һֱڳ˯״̬ûκε˽⣡
׿΢΢ҡͷôأɽ磬Ѳɸܲ
ʶҲģʡ;ʡŵˣ֮ǰһΪأҲ̫񣡣
ҲЦʶҲǱһ˿ƺڹ۲ΧһУ
ֻǵ۲һ֮Ҳü
棬ôˣ׿üҲɻʵ
ӦһλǿߣӦòǱ𡣿Ҳ֮ˡ
ǿߵķ棬ܲڵأ˵񱦲ءҹܵǷĻӦķ
Ҳǽ䱸ĿΧֻǿߵһսҲǲСﰡ
οܹ̫æֻ֪ܹԼˣ
񱦲أЦ
ҲЦƺЩϤһ㣡
棬⵹Щ˰Ѿܵǡôأ
ЩƵʵѲɻԼɣ
һЦΪ߶Ű㿴ǰһƬ𣿡
ˣƺһҲǺȷ
׿棬ǰԶһƬ֮Уƺطвͬ
ǲϸ۲ģʵǵطǸʲô
ͷţӦþһõĴҲ˵ֻҪ˽УôӦÿԸӦõȻǴһȥģЦô
ʲô˼Щôʵ
ΪɽֻôôʵɽǳĴĻҪԺȻˣֻҪ֪֮ɽ绹ҪӵĶˣ
濴ףҲǵһЦ
ʵ֮ǰҲ˵һЩģԼʦŷұǰ磬ƺҲǻĲⰡ
ǿߣһ뵽羹ȻһֲȻľ⣡
ˣЦĻǻҵأܾûкǰһｻˣȥɡ
ƺ֮׻ҪһЩ
Ҳ΢΢ͷһƬ˹ȥ




2792Ц
 

һƬյʱԭƽĵϣԶһ˵Ĺ
ǹֱ˵棬ǵ֮˲γһӰ
һλӣһȥϢף
ԶʱıƺЩḻˣ
ᣬ㡭ô⣿
˵֮ˣ񱦲صĴߣҲı漶ǿЦ
ʵϣҳ֮Ϊ֮ˣҲֻλЦˣ
֮ǰΪʲôᵽЦΪЦ磬Ҳ䣡
Ҳ֪Цһģ
֮ǰҲֻǲ²⣬ֻǵ濴ЦʱҲЦ
Ȼ𣡣
濴ЦʱҲ΢΢׵

ҲͷƤһķ飬ȼҲ֪ġ
񽫡ʡ
Ц磬ӦҲΪĴڰ
棬ʧôȻɽ磬⡭
ЦҲΪľ㵣ȻһεԼʼϲġ
ܹһλ㵵飬ɽ缸Ӧûеģ
搶ź΢΢һЦӦкܶûмˣֻû뵽һξȻطˣ
СӴ˱ĽƣԭĳΪһ֮ˣû뵽Ȼǡ
ЦֻǵĿһۣһεĽĿƻصϣ
ǿߣȻὫһɽ֮˷У
Ц׵ϿѪӦҲ֮˰ɣɲܺ˱˰
濴ЦƺЩ˵
ѪС嵹ҲЩԵ֣ôɽ磿һСɵۻһ𰡣
Ц棬Ҳɻʵ
Сɵۣ
ҲЩȻʧЦֻҲǿ߸ô˵˵ɣ
ɵۼǿߣɽǿɾΪĴڰ
浭˵ЦһﻹôĹ°һ¿˰ɣ׻δܹΪĽҲ˵ء
棬ɽʱǲǴ˰һﻹûг񣬺һ˵ǽ磬ҪչҲһ׵飡
Цδ̫ףһֱĿϣ
ĵλΪ⣬ޣ涼ǺպĴڣ
Ѳ𿴲Ѿ֮𣿡
濴ЦҲǵ˵
֮һ˿ζı飬ƺҲѾܹ˵˺ܶࡣ
Ȼ
ЦĻ֮Ҳǳ׵Ȧˡ
ļٵģ
Цʶֱףƺλǰ׸оԼЩεĸо
ָоǵһ˸Լʾλǿˣ
Լ֪ˣ
Ҳû˵ЦģҲƵĺܡ
ЦףҲһְȻɽ֮ôأ
ǰȷ˷˼ҲΪֹҼ˼һˣ
濴ЦҲͬе˵
濴صˣҲһǴЦ΢΢һЦ
Ժ󻹻ľϲҲ˵أ
ƺҲԸЦ׵ʲôҲ˵һ˸Ļ
ô˵ҵšʵƺЩذ
Ц˿һεĽĿϣ
Ȼ׸ղžЦ˵ʵǺܵ΢ġ
СӦûʲôˣܹ緢չʲôӣ˭Ҳ˵ã
κεţпزۣ
ʵûдﵽܹЦͬĵزĻԲЦķ۵ģ
ֻΪ棬Ц׵ĺܶ࿼ƺҲǲ֮ˣ
ҵˣȵһȻͲʲôˣղ˵µʲôأⱦܲ˵ĺɣ
΢΢һЦһεָף
氡棬ҲҸ˵ˡʵν񱦲ֻɽԣĺܶ෨Ƭλ֮˽ˣɽѲɻ㲻Ǳ𣿡
ЦҲǿЦһʵνıؾͨ볡ѣ
ֻô꣬Ȼû˴򿪹
浭˵ЩƭСĶͲҪǰ԰˰ɣԺû׼㻹Ǽأ
ҪʲôЦЦŵ˵ʵµĶĲǺܶ࡭
һ˵
Ҳаϲؾ֮Ϊ׵һΰɣ
ȻʲôҲûиԼѡ
ಣ
һŶ˲両׵ĸǰҫռ䡭




2793е㺮׵
 

ռ֮У
濴óЩҲһΣ
Ц˵ˣ֪˵Щʲô
Ҳ̫һɣôҲóĶɣ
ǽһưЩ⼶õҲһ
Ҳһѣ
ɽ˵Щȷǲģ׿¶ϣ͸Ҫ˵ˣ
ЦȻҲ֪ģΪЩɽӵеǿˣ
ǰ׵ļһʵһĻЩ϶Ǽ֣
Ц֣һƺǰЩ˿ûʲôȤ
ףģ
Ц˿ףѾǳ׵ĺˡ
ΪĶ˵϶е
ЦãӦһЩķ۵İɣ
׿һЦҲ΢΢ֵĳлֻ̧ЩĳҲǲȱ
ȱѲɻаɣЦüʵ
ҲҪ۹⿴˰׵Ϻֹаеġ
ƺҲܲЦСģҲû˵
⡭޿ܣɽôĴڣ
ЦҡҡͷʾԼţ
ʵҲѹ֣Цȥ֮Ҳһɽѣ
ʵɽ絽û֪أ
ֻ֮ǰľɽûѣ
治м˵û뵽ȻҲªŰҸ㣬ײһΪĴ
棿
ЦҲЩʵʵ索𣿲࣡
ΪȻܶ࣬ĲϼΪѷ
ĴҪķѵĲϣ˵ͨٱǧ֮࣡
粢ûдǴȻУȴҲǼΪϡУ
ЦȼĴڣǴƺҲܹ洢̫࣡
һϣʵ̫̫ˣ
ϵǾٵϴģ
һɽ֮ˣٸݻˣѾǷǳˡ
ҪܹԼɰԼˣǾˡ
ףøͼͣҲҪôҴš
΢΢һЦϵһĨžԲαװġ
׵ЩƣȻȱ⣿
׵Ҳû̫ԥֱӽŪ˳ȻݸЦ
Цһ̣Ӷֱˣ
ǴȻռʱ䷨ȻǺö֮Ǵָϰٱ
Ц֮ҲһƬ𺳣Լôʱ䣬һȻ첻˼һɽ֮ˣ
˰
˴綼ɽˣ
ô˵
ЦӣҲ΢΢һ̾û뵽СӻԵǿⲻİɣ
ɣСӵʱˣ˵ʵҵһνʱҲΪ𾪣
濴Ц˵ȥƺ˺ܶࡣ
һԵ׾ˣΪûἰԼжôţ棡
氡棬ûʲôö˰ɣҴӦףԺȥڸһöΣ
Цʵûа취ڲһ߷ѣЩҲ׼õġ
֪طȻԼĹˣ
л𣡡׹֣׼ЩʱҲһ⡭ⲻǾ𣿡
ЦĸǰһΪƵĶ׵֮У
ղһӻûע⵽ⶫǱǰĳסˣ
ɲǾĴӡ
Ц׶ȤҲЦŵ
ӡɶģʶʵҲֻЩȤѡ
ûʲôãǵʵ⴫ӡǼƷ֮ҲǱ˰ǵⶫӦÿԺ塭
ЦҲǵ˵ʵ϶ǿ˵ɽкã
οѾ֮Ӧһ׷鲻Ȥ
ҾҪɣ׿ЦҲǺٺһЦ
ѱ
Ц˵ģٶڵԼżİ
һ帩׳Ƴʱ̽ȡһ㣿
֧ţ׾ԼĿָһ˲ǣ
һ뵽ߣû˿ԥһε񱦲زˡ




2794
 

ӡ
׾õõܱʲôûеҪǿɣⶫԼӦЩ
ʵϣ⴫ӡ֮屾Ҳһѹã
ȻҲ֪Լӵ˴ӡҲһԼ
ⶫȴܹ׵һ׵ת䣡
Բ˳
ӵ˴ӡδ壬ͻ˳˺ܶ࣡
ԼļƻһԵЦҲνӡ
ɽԭʤ̭
ڴɽ˵ûбԼ񱦲ȴһ룬Լûб£
ǿľ͹ֲԼˣ񱦲Լģ
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ľܣ
κһ壬ǿߵǰնҪԼ߰ͷ­ġ
ǿΣѲǻѡֲɣ
Ͼ㲻֮ˣ⴫ӡܷãǾҪˡ
ЦȻ֪׵뷨΢΢һЦ
øҲûжô
ȻЦףⲢ˾ʧѾõĴӡ
Ͼ˵׻֮ˣ
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ȻҪȻģ
ЦֱӽߵĴӡӸףҲνЦ
л𣡡׹ֵҲ͸һӵϲɫ
ףĸ߰Ӧ֪ģӦòһλǿ֮ϡԱϣ㵽ʱܹһЩݡ
ЦףҲ΢΢һЦ
Ͼˣһĸ׷˳ͻĻҲõһİΣˡ
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׹һЦҵĿ־һͳɽ磬øǿл硣
һͳɽ磿ôĿ
ЦЦ˼Ȼڵʵһͳɽǳɣ
ǵɽ磬һͳɽһΣ
ȻÿһλǿжһΣôȴûܹʵ֡
׵ĻҲһεЦ
ЦɽĸʲôڸҲһˣɹҲûκεĹϵ
濴ЦһҲЩˣ
Цһ㶣漴ЩȻʧЦǺǣƺ˵ǸԼ
սô濴ЦҲǻһʵ
ɶ粻ô
׸ղЦʱʵѾ
ֻʱΪ֪Цݣûʡ
Щ̲סˣޣѲ绹ֵطɣ
澹Ȼ޶֪ЦҲһ㶣
ôҲøһɣ
û뵽һ޶֪
ףʦŷұûи飿Ҳһ㶡
ŷұӾȻʦ𣿡Цһεסˡ
Ҳʶʦ𣿡׿ЦҲЦʵ
ЦͷȻʶŷұӽ˭˲֪˭˲أ˵ޣʵܼ򵥣൱类Ϸֳ˰˿顣
˼ĳһǿ߾ۼһԿһǿˣüʵ
ףһΪɽ磬һǿߣĴޣɽǿ߶ӦҲޡ
ЦĽͣһӾͶˣ
ͷԭˣҲǸɽһ˭Ҫư԰
ȻҲЦͷֻҪĵطȻͻо֮壬أ˭ҪΪף˭ϣ˲ڽ¡
ǰÿ޵ڲ֮ⲿ֮ʵ˵׾֮һ㣬κһλ߶ͬܡ
Ҳ̾һʵһЩˣͲ̫ϲ
Ӧ֮һˣЩע޷ѵġ
ðɣҲûʲôȨɽ黹ûи㶨أҾͲˡ
Ҳֵ̯̯Լ֪һЩѾˣ
ʱɽ˵ķ飬ԼľǸɵˣ
ЦҲǹһЦСӵͦʶʱģҲֲģֻӿʵЩͷ۰
ս£ճ־ãûн𣿡
Ҳüͷ뿪ô꣬Ҳһ֪

Цһ̾Ϣ׵ĿҲǱ˹




2795֮ϣл磿
 

磡
һɽ֮ĵطͬɽʵһģ
ʵҲ֮
ôĴԣҲЩоôˣ
ɽΨһһ޸еˣҪˣ
֮ǰŷұӺս죬һЩ˶綼Ĳ̫ӡ
Ȼ׺Ҫ絽ʲôӣ
ڿЦӣײ붼֪ɽʵҲ࣡
ڵɽ磬ÿ½Ҫưɽ磬ÿһʱ䶼ᱬһɽս
λ棬׻ûиܹ
Ϊû뿪ɽ磬ɽĵطںηˣ
ЦԼĻԼ»֪ɽɽһӶأ
սݱ𣿡
һ˵ӣ׸оһ֣
棬뿪֮ѾεսҡһҲǱѹļûĿռ䡣
Ц̾һóΪ𼶱ǿߣǷǳƣ
ͷҵ뿪Ϊ޾սңһҪĸоû뵽ôȥˣڼǰʵЩִ˲ƣ
ݴ֮ϻл磬ɾͻ磬ǲĲ𣡣Ȼӵв֮壬ȴܹġ
Ц棬ƺ˵һܣ
磿ǣֻ翵Ĵ˵ѣƺҲû˵˭ܹﵽ˵ȲΣ
ƺڻ⼸ֲİ
ЦͷǰƮ죬Щ˻ǲϧһд۵Ҫͻ
𣬾л磬Ӧû̫Ĺϵɣ
һţҲǺʵ
Ȼ鲻Ȥ磬ҲǾ㵲ѣ
Ͼһ˵֮ϾȻһ磡
СҲʵˡ
ЦףҲ΢΢ͷ
һԵ̾һЩ飬㵱һЦȻôķա㵱ˣǱһШӣ
ʲô˼
üʵһζĻҲɻʵ
ЦȻһЦ˵ôζӵŰ˿ʯ˿ʯɴ򿪻ܣ
ʯ
ҲһȦĿЦüʵ
Цͷʯʲô˭Ҳ֪ȴ˵ѾãҲΪʲôݵİﶼҪһͳԭΪֻܹ֮̽ء
Ѿӵв֮壬ǽνĻ磬Ҳô°ɣǲӲð
Ҳһƣ治֪˵ôģ
ѾõȻΪνĻ㣬еĵ۵ıְ
Сӵͦÿ֮˶ôÿĻһƬ͵ľˡֻϧô룬ɴȴҲ޷ģ
Ц֮Уʵǿóεģ
ǴΣ濴Цʵ
᧿ΣһʱҲû̫⣬ֻҴȺףҵĺܣ
ЦҲǵ
޵λλػأʵ
棬㲻Ҷû˵£ⶼϻˣԴߺûжãλûĳɳѾˣ
Ц棬Ҳ̾һ
ˣ
΢΢һ̾óʵҲͦ𾪵ģ
ף棬㲻Ӧò֪ɣλػ߿ͨĿ˵İǴרŸ֮ˡ
ЦƺʲôҲɻʵ
µλػߣȻҵˡ浭˵ֻλλػ߻Ҫĥʱܸǣȵλ磬ҪʱȻ͸Լݡ
ô˵ҴҪλػˣЦҲһȻ˵Ļ滹ǲҪҺˡҿɲܱ֤Լôʵ
ʵλλػߣʵ̫ʧˡ¸ߵԵᣬ޵˶ϲŹأ뿪һԭҪѰλػߡ
ҲǵһԵԭǲԼأ
ջסˣ˵ĻֺҪԼ˵أ
ǰλػǸ޶Կ޵ʱҴӵǿλػߵĻҲ˹ϢŴ޵Ҳָտɴˡ
ЦҲ¶һ˿ЦݣƺһϢ
˿̵ЦҲĿ˿һԵף
浭֮£˵ɡ֪ҲͽգչҲŽһ¼į֮飬ٻᣡ
ã޲ɢ֮ϯ绹űϣܹع磬ǣ
ЦҲ飬ķһҲǻʧһ磡
˿񱦲ڵĿռ䣬ȴҲһ̿ʼ




2796Ӳ
 

񱦲أ
׽вδ̫ջ
˵ҪʲôջĻǿ±ˣ
У
ѣ׾һβУ
ϾôһλϽߣԺκ鲻һЩ
ףռƺ֧Ų̫ʱˣڴȥ
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׵ͷ棬һأǱȻҪģ
˵̫вڣȻս治ʲôҪӣҲסοСӵǸͽܵһ֮ˡ
Ҳ΢΢һЦеͽӦþ̷ˣ
ЦŵҲ֪֣
ֵı֮УȻǼʶġϼһ޵Ķս֮һ
׾㵵ļʶȻǷ弴ҪôҲûʲôˣ
ˣҴ̷·£
ֱӽ֮е̷ָ˳
ͷӰʧһƬռ֮У
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˿Ѿǹȥһʱ䣬ֻӵһֱĶż̳
ȥˣǸֵļһ񱦲أŭѣ
Ψһİ취ȣ
һ񱦲һҪһʬΣ
Զȸһ峤ɺͰ׻һ̫Ơǹ۲ǰһУ
ʵҲҪ֪׽֮󵽵׸ʲô
ȸһ廹ǰ׻һ壬һ壬ǵɲǰ㣡
˵ǵκʱҪã
Ϊȸһʧܣټ񱦲ѾǱռȻ
ļ˵Ǻһ׮
ֻҪ岻ô֮ĲûôĴ
֮ǰһȵȸһΪҪ̲׻һһ塣
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ΪǾһõ񱦲أп֮ϣ
ʱһҪ壬ǱǳΪĸӹˣ
ûһɽ֮ҪūۺͿƵģ壬߰
Ǽһּҳ
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ΪҪȴ̫ʱʱȴԭعƽļ̳һȴһεɶ
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鿴ŲԶļ̳ҲǼĶһԵӵ
Ӵ˿иûκˣֻǼ̳
ߣֻҪǼһʶȻܣ
ӵһ䣬֮ţ
ݣ
ԭļ̳һֱƺ׵̮
һӰѾǳ˵ĸǰףһ»ص˵֮У
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һһȻܵļſʳԣ
⵨Ѿܹôˣ
˵жһɻ˵˭
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˵񶼿׵ʱ׵Ѿ쳹壡
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ʿףһ񱦲صĻҪɱˣ
ֵΨһԭ򣬱Ҫ֪׵׵õʲô
Ϊ˿̵񱦲ƺڻʧӼѾܲһƬռĴڣ
ʴԲӣɲȥģǱȥģ
׿ӣʼ٩ɽˣ
ȥģܣ
һ㶣Ȼ˵ܣһӶЩ̫ȷˣ
׵˵Ȼ֪ΪʲôɵȷҲʵΰ
ƨһһֱǻƻϵ񱦲أɱ˵
ڿ׾һ֮𣬷жждˣ
嶯ộǲǶ̫һЩ
ת˿ǵصǿߣһĽ˴ΧˮйͨҲֺǺǵ˵
˿ûκεľ֮ɫ
ǿ߷緶
һչ¶ţ
һ֮Կ壡
һҲ˭ĸо
ӿһףĿֲѹѾ˲併٣СӣýõĶʻԷһ
Ǳ뽻ʣʵ֮Υ׵ȻһЦ
㡭ˣ
Ӿ㵵ʵ֮һĨ֮ѾԱˣ
һ𣡡׵ͷ
ߣΣ񱦲Ķ㲻ĻǿɾͲҪֱʶˣ
Ȼһ£ܿعˣ
ⳡ޶֤Ȼһ֮ԭĶ
һնƾ޾Ȼᣡ
ڵĵ֮õµĹ屦ֻӲ֪µĶѾǱˣ
ʣˣҲǱǶ˼ҲˡЦһ
ῴˣʵҪӲǱʵȭͷӲˡ
Ҳܲһ룬Լַʳ
ָһĽ̳ѾǲˣȻĻôʹһóΪֹ
֪¾ûв֮ˣ
ݣ
ӵȭ׵һ˲䣬׵а׹һ
ԭҪ׵ӾȻͣˣ֮͸һӴ㵵Ŀ⡭




2797¿
 

ȫһƬȻ
һŭѪɺӣ
֮ŭûзйȴ˳ԾһĻ
ʵĽȻʱͣˣʵĸǰǰײӲӵķӡԵׯ£
ӡȻ֮
ЩȦˣ⴫ӡʧôãسʵ˳ԾС
Ϊʣ⴫ӡӦԼӵеģ
ĻȨ
û뵽ȻһУӵ֮Ĩһ˿𾪺̰֮ɫ
׿ʣȻϵ⴫ӡӦ֪ӵ⴫ӡζʲôɣ
ӡ
ȨһֱӵУ
ϣԵôͻأ
ôĵӣȻҵȡ֮񱦲֮лǻ˲ٵĺö
Ӵ˿Ҳһȣ˵ģ⴫ӡѾˣ
ʧôõ֮һε֣Ӽѣ
ߣʹǻᵹһҰ޵񴫳²贫ӡѲҪ췴ɣ
ޣ㡭㾿Ǻˣ
һ׵ĳνüͷһε
˶½۳۾Ӧ˵ްɣ׵˵
㡭ף
Ȼ˵λȻ֮Ķ½۾
û뵽λ½ĵ۾Ȼ壡
Ҫū壬ֱЦ
ĸ߰ǲκū۵ģ
ǴĵõĴУΣ
Զ磬Ҳţô׵ıūأ
ο񱦲֮ڷӸûпһ˻ūۣ޿ܣ
ޱף˷壬ҲǱʵŮȵġټ񱦲޽Уһпڤڤ֮ע
ⴵţԲ죬Լǲ
鲻ԼԼͲ
˵񱦲ԭ־ڱصõģ
ֻô˵ȥƺӵʵһЩ
һ׵ĻҲ࣬оԼһΪľ
˵ȡ˱뺯ôأ
ŭһȻ˿Ҳ׵ݣԼ׽Ļʹ֮еģ
飬Ŵĳ޽Ϊ幫ԲԸƽϡû뵽㾹ȻԼ֮棬˵˵幫ĳƺŰ
΢΢ҡͷҲһ̾Ϣ
Ŀ׵ɣҲ뽫ӡ񱦲֮֮黹塣㻹۾㲻ƽϣ
Ϊɵô
ײмĿӣ棬ȻӲԸ⳼ӡ
ôô׵ķŹԼأ
οԼֻ壬ôǻ֮ƶѣ
ϣǰչֳĴȣ
ֻҪԼʱЩ˶ˣһսҲˣ
ô˵ֵǲԸ⽻ıˣ
ӵҲĨһ˿ĺ⣬һӣλʥǿѾǽһεΧˮйͨ
Σĸ˼ˡµ磬һˣ
׿ӣҲĨһ˿Ц
񡭡磿ΪǱŻģ
һֵʱ򣬱ܵԥһ£
ʵϴּ׻ǽĴС
ֻʵ벻ͨΪʲôҪ͸һλ֮ˣ
ѲǿūĲɣ
ӣȻ㲻Ը⳼ڴӡ˵κѾûκεˣ
һ̤ɽ𶯣µ˵
۳۾ҲǾһӰģ
ο׿νɽΪֿȵ
ݣôǿΪ֮ˣ
֮ǰһΪǰ֮˲Ǹ׵֣Ҳ¶֮飡
۾Կǳ˿ϷҲﲻʲôæˣ
ֵۣȰһΣܲ㲻ҪƱʶ֣
ƺһ˿ĿƣʵҲŨȤ
ֻڵĵ֮Ҫ׽һŪ񱦲֮е׷ʲô
Щ̫˰ɣƾЩҪסޣ
׵ĿܲһƬľ㵼ӷŭ
̫˰
Ƕһֳӣ
ǿ벻̣
ʽҪλ֮еɽ¹ǲ紫֮еǰ񣡡
ŭЦ̫ˣ




2798⻼
 

ܲ
׵һϯֱŭ˼е֮ˣһЩҲ֮Աǣ
ǳĿ˰
˵ʵսԱģ
һ㣬廹壬ǶǴ˹ʶģ
ڣһﾹȻڳԣ˵ôǿ߾Ȼסһĵ۾
۾ǿҲɵкڵǿ߶ѣ
ƾʲôôţأ
οĿǰ̬Ҳֻһ˶ѣ
֮⣬ǿ
ǽ۳еĸֶҲǿߵĶְɣ
Ҫ֪ܹ֮ʥǿ߶ģǿʥɽˣ
ƺʥɽ߰ɣ
һĵ۾Ȼλǿߵĸǰ˵ⷬʵ
һҲ̫һЩɣ֮ǰ˵ܿû뵽ȻôĿ񣡡
ߣ֪ߵغ񣡾Ȼʴʣ
ˣһٱ鶼֪Լôİɣ
˾Ȼ壬ǻܲ˵ĻѲ۸˲ɣ
һʱ䣬λǿҲȺ鼤ܣ
׵һֱλǿԼǿɨأ
ӿףҲĨһ˿ĺ⣡
벻ͨһﵽʲộȻ˴Բѵ˵ⷬ
鿴ԼĸʣҲߵ˵ʣһʵ̫ˡȻ˵Ļ
ǰʣ븸öնɱˣ
ҲŭһΪδļ̳ˣʱҪվģ
껿ǰλɵڵ۾Ķ֣
ԣھҪԼʵնɱˣȻȡ񱦲أ
ҲǸԼĹͲһʣ
ҲȺ֮ΪԼǿţ
ӿΧԾԾԵˣҲǲż
ѾǱܲҪӳȥνһ㣡
ָָһԵ˵ֵۣвףҲ㳹׵˺ֻҪ˵񱦲֮еܣڽϵĶʡ
ʣ˵ˣ޵Ĵ裬֮⣬ûȨ޵Ķ
׵Ĩһ˿ЦҲ˵
ѲβôʥǿߣӦ֪ڵĴɣ
Ŀ˵һéʯͷֳӲ
׵˵޻Ǿ仰ߣҲסޣֻ޵񴫳УΥּ⣬Ӿ͵Լˡ
ߣּ˵ģףѾӣҪ
ɫѿ˼㣬֪Ի飡
Խܲһ۾쵼壡
ԼʣڽԼλùãûȤ
ԼģҪ˸
׺ĻѾǸ̷ʹһɫ
̷ֵӰʧһƬ
ô˵ǲıԼˣǿϧ˰
ӿһۣҲѾûκεˣ
һһܻĻԺ͸ӵѰˣ
һ㣬ӵзǳ
ڱҪһ£Ҳ൱ܹף
ʿҪ޵
׿ӣҲǸֳһĨ
ߣǱɱʾôĸ֣ΪʲôҪ㵥㵥ʻԼ֣š
ӵĨһ˿ĲмҪԼƫƫͲᣡ
棬ҪԼ֣
Ҫ׼ʶʶʲô˶
ڣ
һĺλѾӵĸǰ
ӵ۾һԵƣ硢ƣǸʲôأ
ʿˮȻʣ񴫳Уôˣǵʱ򡭡

ŭһôҲû뵽ӾȻվǼһһߣ
ʣԼǣ棬ҴӵдӡǿȨ֮ǶֵĻǶ治
Ҳǰͷӣ˿̵Ӷˣ
ôҲû뵽һȻʱ˵
֮Ĩһ˿ıϣʰͷˣȸɱףǣ᱾ʰ
ӣΪǹ¼ҹ𣿺ߣ󣡣
׿ӣҲĨһ˿ĺЦ
׻֮ʣ֮гһöɫӰȥΧһ㡭




2799֣
 

飡
һſӾƾճһ㣬˲佫ס
ԭİɫƺָһ㣬ÿһһ
ƾӵôȥ̽飬̽鲻Ⲽ֮˵ʲôط
üͷ
Ӵ˿ҲһĿɿڴ
ʵȻ֮˶̸鲻һĨƺ֮ʧӰ٣
˭˷
ֱһȭǰɫӰ֮ϣǵӰǴɢһ㣬ָܿԭˣ
ǰԭ׼ֱӶ׶֣ڿľҲʱ׶ֵ뷨
δ֪Ŀ£
δ֪弸˶һ飡
Ǹ֪׷ʲô飿
ʣһװŪøֱӶַˣֻҪһﶯֵĻǰ˲𣿡
鿴ԼĸףҲ
Ϊһֲ̫õĸоǼһһε¶ŵЦݣ
һϳԵĿ
񿴵һЦݣҲǱܵĿһ£
ֻҪŪһһҲ˵ˡ
֮ǰ׵һ˿ϷˣѾǲˣ
֮껣׼֡
ȻŭĻ֮ҲǾúе
˵ɱײΨһĿ꣡
״˹ѲԼܲ˳²ɣ
ԼղǱһͿˣĻʲôֻۣҪ׼Ϳ
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һļĺûᰡ
Ȼһ￴ȥЩŹ֣ǰһжֽϻ
ολֵܰæλʥǿΧһˣ
ڲŪһĻԺδ棿
֪һβʧܣҲԲʧܣ
׿ЦһЦ˵ˣǲ޵Ĳˣ޽ֻҪʹУ
ҪʹУ㻹ȹ˱ʵĶһذɣ
ӿԶ֮ϵİɫӰҲüѣ
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֮аɫӰԽԽ࣬ƺҲǸܵһ˿ͬѰϢ
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ѪζҲһļȣ
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ֱӳ׵ķ׼ɱһԵЩһҲɫȻ
ΪǸ֪Ϊʲôһ˵ţ
𣬳
Զ֮һӵ˵ĶУ
֮Уම
Ư֮еİɫӰǱȻ֮һ㣬˲׵ߣ
ԭ׼ֵ껵˵ߣҲǳһöһöӣ
֣
̷ֲٿǰɫӰһԵΪӰשߣ
ǿʶԭֵֹ
Ļ̷ִʱʵôܹסôʥǿأ
ʥϣͽѾΪս֮޷̤һ
ǵƺ׵ķ֮еһĨ޷ģ
˸оԾǣⲻ֪ʲô󷨣Ȼֱӽһǿߵ棡
Ƕôǿ󷨲ܹõ
֣סǰˣ޾Ҫһʵжô
׿ӣһεɢŵЦݣ
Ӵ˿ѾһƬκˣ
ʲôܹ˺˵赲ôǿǰ
˿̵ԵĸоõԼԼӵߣԼĶȴǿԼһ㣡
󷨣Իһ㣬ʧУ
ף㡭㾿ʹʲôֶΣʿˮʵȻѾǳⷶΧ
׿ӵ˵ƺԸ޽ְ˵ȥĻǱǽԣܶɲ㣡
ޱߣ
׵һֱ峹׵±ˣ
ȷˣ
˼˵ȥĻһһʵţ
ղ˵ҪӶ֣˶ΪֻҪӦ׾ûлᣡ
أžžģ
˼ֱӽһǿ棬ü˶ȦֶΣ
Ӷ֪׷ʲô飿
ǰԭ׼նɱ׵Ǵ˿ϹƣָоǷǳķ̣
û˸˵ķף㳹׵ļŭ˱ʣʽձҪ㿴ƱǶô޴һ飡
ӵؿ׵ı׸Ϊʵİ
ֻ׵˵ʤΪ˭ܹվţ˭ŻзȨ޵ϣʲҪʧźá




2800˷ܵ
 

ܲ
ԭһߵľƱ׵Ťתֻ˺׵Ϊʲôô
ʵôǳļ򵥣һξҪո壡
֮ǰĴ壬İæֵ̫̫ˣ
ҲӵΪԼӵĵ˻ᣡ
˼׽ԼļƻıˣԭҪߣڵҪո壡
һոĹؼʲôǱӣ
ֻҪˣո弸˵һˣ
ȻѶȺܴ󣬶ӵʵǿ൱ǿȴĿǣ
һ̶Ͽ˵ܹӵĲģ
ĻҲԼ̫ܵǣ
໣
һ֮Զ֮Ѿǳһ˶צ
ǽӲӵӰ֮£ŷ޾ϣ
ӣһֱԼǿ̬
׵ŭˣ
֪ȻǰһҪսԼôԲûаգ
У
֮ǰʵȷеĺܣѾûκеͷˣ
Ψһ뷨ǽ߱ɱڴˣԲܹһı뿪
壬ǱЦˣ
ž
׶֮ʣһӲӵӰѾǵصĳԼķϮ
β
ΪǿĹʽ֮һûκεĻڣ
ԾԵֵǿʽ
ˣ
֮
׵ϲŲæ֮Ҫ˲٣
أ
ӰVSβ
ռ֮гһ𵴣׵ǳǿȳǿ֮ĶУҲǱֱӺ˳ȥԶ
һУ
ʵǿѾչ¶ţ֮һ˷
ߣΪǼһжأԭҲǸ
鿴һԼĴ껣Ҳǲм˵
ΪĲˬǿһʵƽƽ֮֮
ԼȥնɱǸһĻǾܹԼʱҪӲ٣
ôҲû뵽¾㱸Ȼǵε棡
ƾôŬɾǿԼĸ׺Ǹһ
ЦһһСС۾ѣֻҪʥɽǰϼһڱƨ
ҪһһﱻԼӣ
˿ҲǺ޼ףûһռһ˿һıˣ
ǣƺһŪڹ֮У
ǻںԼһ壬񱦲Լʵ
࣡
̬ʧˣڰͲȥԸܿͻʵˣ
һûĻȻһܣ
껰ȻĿԶԼʶսףҲǸֳһĨɫ
Զ
ӿ˲һԭ֮һεӿֳ
ԼҲû뵽һﾹȻ˵Ĳһ
һβѾǸˣ
ЩоЦһﵽˣ᣿
ѲɾΪǶ۳ĵ۾Ϊɽ¹
ӿЦ˼ʻΪֵʲôͣҲһпõʵñʧ͸
׵Ӱ˿ѾһεƯӵĸǰ
ӵ˵ȷǺǿҲҪһ£Ȼûʧ
ߣûʧͺãӵľ
ţ
һѾչֳǿţ
ԭΪһжôأڿȻһܹסԼһ
Ѿǳ׵Ľ׸ˣ
ĺһ£ҲȻʸһޱ㻹һ
׿ӣɫҲǽ
ȻŲһҲ֪ϼһǳ֣
һʲôиĻʱùĿ¾Լˣ
֮Уȸֵĳ֣ҲǲܹκεĴ⣡
ο׵ĿɲߣҪӣ
Ҫõ֧֣Եڱˣ
Ϊ㻹л𣿡
ӲмĿףƺ׵ʵѾһ򵥵˽ˣ
ǿδأ
׵Ӱˣµһ˲䣬ƺʧһƬ֮У
ʧˣ
ӵɴ۾ΧһУо׵Ĵڣ
֮
һƬ֮УʵϾף
ʵʵ߳ײٵĻҲֻеķˣ
֮ϣԭһƬʵ˲֣һɺ˵Ϣһĩٵĸо




2801𺳵һ
 

֣
ͻıԭѰ׵ʻһ
һӴѹǵضһ˿Ϣ
üͷ壡
ʵǻǹһ˿޵ЦѾ˲

һӰ͸ǹֱƿն£ɲǷ
׳ĽӰǾ컬׵һ㣬գ֮Ѿʵϣ
ûκηӦĻᣡ
һѾ벻ԶΪһ壡
أ
ĽӰʵ֮УһȻֱӱɳȥ֮Զ
۵ײ˸оһ𺳣

ΪɵĽס׵һ֮ʱȴһֲ飡
ˣɫѪҺһεεĴջ䣡
ȻֻΣ˺Ȼˣ
𣬾Ȼһˣ
ʵҲ̫ŵԭΪƾԼǿֵܹסһĹ
Ӵˣף
һǿ罣񼶱ǿŷұӴĽף
֮ˣ
ܹԽսһʶ㹻ǿܹ࣡
ʵһΪӵȾǿĽ
֮ǰ彻սʱ򣬷ǻ³ۣ丹֮»һûۻĵط
һγ׼ʱֱӺΪ֮
⧲֮£Ҳˣ
˵һεӵмһľǿɵġ
໣
Ӹоһ˿ʹʵоˬΪԼˣ
ȷĻߣȻһĵ۾Ūˣ
⴫ȥҲǹ˵ˣ
ʱûеĻͲᷢˣ
ƺҲûеôǿ
׵ӵ˿սһվ룡
ŭĵߣʻСˣ

׻׼˵ʱѾǳ׵ıŭˣ
ԭûнķУѾǽΪΪǿĶˣ
ʵϾǴӳ׵Ҫˣ
ʵȻΪǿ󣬿Ϊֲľ
ΪֻѪ֮˲ŻУҶκζֵѹƶǷǳԵģ
ΪʲôһᵽΣ
ʵΪʵ̫޽⣡
ǿߣʵսҲǿ಻ԣܹǳԾͷ
ǿڶ࣬ǿ߸ǿȣϻžԵƣ
ټĹҩʲôĸʵҲ֮СĲ࣡
νһ壬ȴܹռɽĸ֮أ
Ҳûеģ
Ȼ嶼Ҫ̲ĵ̣ô˭ɹ
мβһ㱻ûģ
ֲѾǽɢ˿
Զ
ɺͷҲüѣȻղռǲף
Ϊǿó׵ʵ֮ϣ
ɵԱߣ׻һƠսҲվһԣֻһƺƠսģ
֮ǰҲûʲô̫ìܣһΪףƠϣܹȸһ׽һЩ
˵ĵ˾ѣҲΪĸӹ
Ȼˣǰ׻һ廹ȸһ壬ʵǶǵȴ׺ӶսĽ
ΪֱӾ;δ
峤ƺŭˣƠŷҲ΢΢һЦ
ɵͷûҲڱѹô겻𣿡
峤Ϊֵۿɷ˳أƠҲǼʵ
ҡҡͷӦúѣ廹̹ģ
ǰҵȻҲ̹һʹֵۻĻˣʱ򴦴ʣҪҲǺѣ
ƠҲЩ仯ʵϣ׸ı棡
ΪԼľˣΪĳѹƣø׺ǰ׻һռȻҲ˵أ
ɿƠЦŵ峤ϣӮأϣֵӮأ
Ǻǣ峤ϣ˭ӮƠϣ˭Ӯ
ƠĻ˵ģɣɷȴһЩһĵط
һԵսŷɹֵ峤ֵȣҰ׻һȻϣֵܹӮˣ
Ŷ廹أ峤ĲôͻȻĺأϲ峤ˣ
ɻһЦֻ֮лǴһ˿ĵǣ
Ơ΢΢һ̾ϣлܹװѾԻֵĳµĻƠƴף
ƠԶźݻʱҲǶȻһ䣬ƺʲô˼һ㡭




2802Ŀɿڴ
 

ܲ
е˶Ͽ֮еʺ׿ţ
ˣǶϾȥʲôΪսʵЩ˴
껵˴˿̿Լĸʣǵɫǳ˱仯
ԭֲм˵֮ɫ
껣ЩҲԼȥǼһսˡ
ĻԼ˿ҪԼĸʸӵˣ
ǼһȻʵȻĸҸ֮˶֣
ô꣬û˸ɱ
ףǿǴ˶ˣ
ȶԣ
ȻɱȻҪɱײĻһǰ㣡
ˣϣܹϽĸоǰ鷳
Խô룬ȴԽǲǵ뷨У
ĵǣһεĸ˳
ǵĲԶƺ͵ܶˣⶫһǹã
Ƕ˵˵ʵ֪ǿԼĸҲֵ۵Ķ֣
ֲһ˳
ʵȷǿ֮Ҫǿü֡
һӰһӰ·׵ߣʱضҪûף
ƺûн⵱£
ʿߣΪôèĹԭʻ治㶯㼤ŭ˱ʡ
Ǻǣ޾ʻǲҪôķϻĺãʡŵģ
ɽ磬Ҹ˵ˣҲǰλ۾ˣ

ʵ̫ˣ
ǲ֪˭һȻһȷ
ܲԵʣ
ʵǻôǿߣ
ܹصסһʱѲܹصסһɣ
ܲҲ˼ҵ˼еʱߺŰ
ƺҲϰ׵˵ϣһ㻹ܹô˵֮
ǵصѹֱӳ׵ķѹһʾǿ󣡣
ѹ֮ƣ
ˣ
Ϊ׿϶Ǳѹ֮ʣ˲˼һĻ˵ĸǰ
⡭ôأ
ԶԶĿţҲӶˣ
Ȼ
һȻҲʹóֲ壬ĵ۾
Ϊʲôʹ˲䶼ըˣ
ǡǼһȻʹƺȸʵĻҪǿ⡭ⲻܣ
ҲĿɿڴĿǰһУоԼˣ
ôģĺ֮ҲǷһ๾
껵΢΢ѡѲĴУĻǡһͿֲˣ
˿Ѿǳ׵Ȧˣʵǲ֪ΪʲôһȻǵĶž
һԵķɡƠ˵Ҳǳֳ˼ΪʵһĻ
ԭΪһ׿϶ǱѹƵĺܲң
ǸоҪǣ׾Ȼ
ʹóĻǴǣҲ׻
µǣ׵ƺ֮ҲѶã
֮ʻţһЩ
ʲô
ƠͷɻԿһۣǶӶԷ֮пһĨ֮ɫ
֮У
ΪȦĿ¾ˣ˿̶оԼʶˣ
һ壬ȻҲ
оƵǣһʹõȻԼƺҪҪǿ
ôأӾѾǵ߸Լ֪ˣ
һȷȷʵʵʹõұԼӵǿ
ԭѾǳ׵ʧӵĸǰ
㡭ôӵ⡭ⲻܣ
ʵǲţǰһɲţ
Ѿ˵ˣ޵õĴУĪΪڿЦɣΪ֮Ҫǿأ
һЦ⵹һɣ
ҪȻ޷ԼǴӺζأ
ʿȡıأߺģΪʻ㣿
ڵһ˿УһԼǿǵڽĽսУԼµôˣ
ԭһֶһЩ죬ܵѹƵĻôʲôأ
޵дӡ޵ĸӹִԲĻǿɾͲҪˡ
׿ӣѾøһϻˣ
ʵնɱӣû
οֻҪ׿סӣô˿»ĲҸԼ֣
壬Ѳ㻹ñôʻȰ㣬־ܣӷЦ
ȻʱôһƺҲԼô
𣿡
׵Ĩһ˿ŹֵЦݣһ룬˶׵Ĵ




2803µ߸
 

ֹЦݣ
׵Цݳֵһɲǣ鱾ܵĶһ£
Ȼ֪׵ʲô취ܹԸԼĸʣܾһŹֵĺܣ
壬ȻһСС۾Ūڹ֮УʵǶ˵һ飡
ʵϣ
û̷ֵĻһֻܹ·ˣȻû˴ݵĿԣ
̷ֲʵЩͻƣǵõ˸ոѵİ
ҲΪɺϣӵ˵ս壡
׼ӵѪӵб֮κ˶ҪǿҲƾһ֮սİɣ
ԭ׵뷨ǣǿסӣҲ޼£
ƺЩһˣΪʵ壡
׵Ժ֮Ѿֳһ󵨵ļƻ
ӿŵģҲŭСʵ̫ˣ
ѲԼʣᱻϷˣɣ
ҪһôԸԼģ
ݣ
ӻڸ׽ϾʱһɫӰĸǰ
ʧˣ

ܲ˶һ
˿һƬΪǵĸǰԼӾȻʧˣ
Ϣʧ˵ĸǰһ˿˿ķûУ
˵򶼿챻һĻűˣ
ֻ˭Ҳûа취һеô£
Ǹ׵ļһﵽʹʲôħ
ȻܹɽΪǿļλǿ֮һԼĸǰϢ
һ뵽ߣЩ֮˲һǰˣ
˭
ɽ磬ʵҲĹͬѣ
δ֪Ŀµʱ˭ҲԸ׵ĳԣ
ΪʣȻûа취ѵģ
ӵϥǿʮӺŮģ
ЩһǸ̥Ϊ˳ҲֻǸһֶѣ
˭ɵӣ
˭ҲɵӣչֳǿʵظУԭ鼤ߵ֮ǣһ
Ȼǵ϶ֳһĨŭ֮ɫ׿óǵľŭ
˭޽񴫳У˭ҷޱ֮
׵ɨһȦˣĿԭӵһҲǵǸ߰ͷ­
ֵ۵񴫳УܹʹΪֵ飡
ɿ˲ʧһԵƠȻĿɿڶܿ㷴Ӧ˹
һԵƠҲǵͷҰ׻һ忴ֵ۵񴫳УδʵĲѡ
һ˲䣡
弸ͬʱ̬һۻҵĲǰҲûôӦ
껶ʿˮ飬ȻԼĹʮֵԣ
ǵѡʱҲǻβ˵ģ
껸ˣΪԼĸʶǴ˵Ķ֣ԼǾǹͷ֣
껲ҶģΪ֪ԼֵܵǲĵҪԼ
ʱԼվͷˣǰ˲վԼǰݰݵ
ֲɵӣҲóԼǰֵܽѾЩˣ
ӵͻȻʧ˵һ峹׵±ˣ
ӵȥʲôطˣ׿˭Ҳ֪
˿̵ӣһռ֮УػһʱҪ϶ǲˣ
׵ļƻʵҲӣ
˻Ӹһ𺳣ټ֣˵弸˶ɵˣ
ɱﵣʵ̷ֵ
Ȼǿ󣬿ӵȺݽɫǿɲǿЦģ
ʾǿѲ㻹ܹᲢ
ԣʵͻȻʧ˵Ǹһϵĳ
ֱֳ弸˶ڵ
ȸһͰ׻һվӣʵҲڸ岻ϵʩѹ
ҪɵľһǱĸĳ
ȻЩ֮ǰѹûһʱѾǳˡ
磡
ǸҪλ֮ˣ
ֻҪĿʼܵƣѾһ飡
Ϸ
һ̣Ѿǽӵ׵ָ
ݼˣ
ͨһ¹˵Ķһ£
һ˵ЧȻǲ̫ԵģȻˣ
һǸϷҲ¶ɫλˣʵ»˵Ĵ˶ᣬοӵŴӡѲɸλѵ𣿡
һʱ䣬ҲǷ֮
Ͼһͳ壬Բϣ飡
徿ô
˿Ⱥڴš




2804
 

һƬң
ԭһúõĴ䣬ģҲǺܶ˶û뵽飡
ʧ٣رᣬ˾֣
һеһУƺҪ˲ֱĸо
ȺףҲǼΪĹע
ֻǹעȴûа취廰
ȸһͰ׻һ壬ʵҲֻǱ̬ܹĲУ
һһ飬嶼ᱻ̣
壬ûʣҲû˸Σ
Ϊǿ˵ѾǸٹˣ
װ죬ֶվ룬ôĳ֣ȴûһ˸ֻǰ
Ҫ˵ЩʲôһԵһģһ˵
Ϊ֪һԼðͷĻҵһ
ԭΪֻèĹ򣬿ڿ˼ӵ˿ֲʵ
ںرˣѾ֮ززˣ
Ϊ֪һ׻߿Լ֮ǰ飬Լ֪ôģ
λɣҲĲֻ˵ҲΥ
һΪúܶ˶ܹܣ
ǿнֵĻ»淴
ƽȹɣ
ҪĽʶҲûа취飡
ѾһǰǻиΣ
οĻôĵλҲ͹Գ
ⶫ۳ĵ۾Щʥɽ֮˵УҲ
翴׹۾Ȼ̳񴫳УǱǴ֮ˣҵԸӵ۾Ϊʣ
ӣ
ܶ˶Ͷ˱ӵĿ⣡
ҪԼӵķ
Ǹ֪ôȷ̵ܹʱ棡
׹һЦˣѾ˵ˣ֮λ
ǲ֪۾Ǻ˼
һҲһһ͵Ŀʵ
˿̣һ˶˵׷ǲ֪Ӧôˣ
Ͼ̨ϷҲгϷ֮˲ǣ
֮ǰշƣҲǷ˾޴ã
׵˵޵˼ǣ廹Ļ죬֪λǡ
磡
翴ףҲԵЩ
׵ͷ޾е֮磬֪ǷԸ֮λ
壬ʵҲмֵܵģ
֮У쳣ļң
ʵ̫Ϊ׵һϵΪ׵һϵҲǴһĽ׶Σ
۾̫ӣƾʲôΪʣ
껴˿ҲЩһˣ
ԭ׼ҪѡεʣôӦҲǵһѡɣ
ʵˣ˭Ϊأ
ߣƾҲ䣿ղ˭Ҫɱţ˵ϣȼƽϣѾǸӣߣ޶նģ
׵ϸֳһĨһߵ׹һ㣡
ɿ껵䣬ʾҪڼŭǰˣ
ˣ
껣һԵʵҲķʽˣ
һ飬Ϊʣ˭飿
ɨһȦˣеĴӡܶ˶ҰҰ첻
ͳŸղ׶껵̬ȣ˶֪˾Ǻ֮ˣ
ο˼ұһ۾˵һ
ʱ˳Լ
Ǿ֮ˣǶ˭Ϊʸûʲô̫ĸо
ֻҪͳǣʵҲ˳ܵģ
ͨ
ߵλѾǳķ
ЩʵƽʱߵĶǷǳĽ
лΪʣȻ֪Ƿǳģ
ǵĸѾʧȨڱ˵в
ȻĻôΪʲô֧Լֵأ
⼸λʵףһ껳Ϊʣʱûʲôӹˣ
ᣬΪʣôҲǵһλˣ
һλһλ֮¹һɽХҲǴ˳
ʣӡ
׳΢΢һЦЩ磬Ҳ֪һǳļ
ݣ
һ׹ѾǶһöӡ
߸ߵľٹͷȻɨ·ˣ
껡֮г˼ʣ棬ѾǿŤתǬˣ
껵¹֮³䶨
׿类ĤݵľҲǴŷɡƠ˳ʹķ˹ȥ




2805¹ȥ
 

ʹ֮У
ѾΪεʣҲǴһ˵ȳŻʹķ˹ȥ
ʵϣҲһĻɹ
ΨһĵģԼ׵
ûгΪʣ翴ʵ̫ˣ
֮ϣ
׺ͷɡƠվǱߣƺҲڵȴĵ
ϲֵۣ
¶һ˿ЦݣһԵķͷҲǼ֣
Ƿ誣ôҲû뵽ᷢչһز
ʵԼ¶û뵽Ȼһ֣
ѣټԼ̷ֵĻһε֮УǲֻӴܵģ
ͬϲ峤Ơ峤ܹΪ˵޺οЦŵ
Ơڰֵֵۿˣ˵ҵľˣƠһӶˣ
Ǻǣ峤ֻҪ֮ĳŵˣЦŵ
Ơͷ嶼Ѿֵ۽£Ұ׻һȻҲʶʱΪܣοֵΪҵҲǷĵĺܣ
ҲЦŵķ꣬һ˳ֵֵۣһͳѾָտɴˣ
λҲģһͳɽ磬ҪøԴֻɽսûһõϵֻϣܹ֮һõҲΪһ㹱װɡ
׵˵ʵɽսȻ˵ʤ̭
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ֵʴȣҵԸΪֵ۸ͿأƠҲǵͷ
ЦŵֵԼǣɽÿꡢʮ궼ҪССս£ⲢҵϣġֵܹһͳҲΪɽ˴ˡ
׵˵֮£Ͱмλˣ
ֵҪߣüʵ
ʼݵ
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֮ǰһȵ첻ȥڲǻȥˣʱΪʣ
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ɰݼʣϲˣɿ磬Ҳ΢΢ͷЦŵ
һԵƠҲЦŵϲʣ
ͷȻ׵һжֵͣԺֵ۵ĳȻ߾ȫ
ɺƠʵһֱֵͦģΪʲôô𾴣
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ɹһЦֵ۵־򲢷ҵȿԱ⣬ֵ۵Ĵ£һͳɽ粢룡
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οħʹ廹嶼һͳˣҲ̸˭˭˲
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һԵķҲ΢΢һЦֵɾ޶ƾֵ۷Ը
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ֵۡ
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2806±ߵľβһ
 

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ľβһĵλ˵߲ߣ˵Ҳͣ
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׺ֻǰβһ壬֮˶ǽ֮У
ֵ֡ۡ
说˿̵黹ûôƽһ·ϸ·һֱţ
ǰͨˣû뵽Ȼ˺˵ݣ
۳۾ݣ˾ˣ
ףѾü帩׳Ƴ
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Цŵﲻô㺰׻ʲôĶɣֵֵ۵ĺԼñŤ
ˣʽĳϣȥݣ
Ȼܶ˶£ȴô£
֮ǰ壬ҪĻĲԸԼݣ
诵ͷϴһ˿ɬǡҾͺֹӰɣֹӣһĻ¡
һˣα˵һأβһ˵Ҳǰ˲ǣ
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һеǰΪβһǷǳԵ
ҪȻĻôҲܳ־һ˰ɣ
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һЦѵ
ֹ֪Ҫʲô
ЩʵֻҪѵĻô峤о
׵ͷİɣѵȵȺԻ㣬ûѵ峤Ҳµġ
诺ݺݵĵͷҲǸ׳žβķ򼲳۶ȥ
ֻ֪ľβһ弸ñپˡ
βһܲ
ɫһƬĲҰףȻڻǿ֮ϣ֪ԼѾ첻ˣ
峤ˣħһѾŻˣҵȾܲͶĻǿ¾Ҫǿˡ
ԱߣһλʳԱߵ
ģβһĸ峤Ҳǽĵڶǿߣ
ֻĵʵ֮ĲһΣ
ɵۼǿߣɻʾ۷ǿߣ
Ȼ̤һľͱɵۼǿߣɼ˶֪һǶôԿԽ
ټϾβһԴʵ޵ĺܣǸֺҲǿġ
ȿȿȡҪ˵һɫЩѿĵǿʵֻ̫ϧʱ޶࣬Ǳûˡ
峤ˣ˵ʲôѾǰΪȡѵˣһûµġ
ĿҲ֮Ĩһ˿ĵ֮ɫ
ֻȵ֮ɫδ
۾ѾͷȥȡѵͿⲻǺ𣿡
峤ˣô֪ûлأ˼ĺܣһɹģİο
ڰֵħһһҪ峼ǳǣ±廹Ҫ
ǰ峤ħһ޿ܣһѣ廤ҪҲ޿ܡ
ĵҲǲôģǵĻǷǳǿģ
ڼǳĶ࣬Ҳ־һ˻Ĳ̤
⻤վֵôĸ֡ǻҪİ취ɫ԰׵Ŀʵ
峤ˣһϢ֪ЩԥԼ֪Ӧ˵ǲӦ˵ˡ
˵ɣʱˣϢҲѡ廹ǿԳܵסġ
ϸֳһĨ֮ɫ֪Ӧȥ˭æ
һʱ䣬βһյĴƺҲ˱Ϣ




2807»Ϣ
 

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ԣǵҲԵüΪѣ
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Ȼˣβһ岢ֻһ˵½ҲľβһĴڵġ
ֻľβһԵ׽⣬ﻹʲôȥأ
һȥ
βһЩķѣȴҲŽ˾һ
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ˣھβһ˵νǴ޴
ΪβΨһĹǣ
ûβĵζҪ½һ
οһԵĿǾħһ壬Ȼħһ岢壬ǵսҲǼΪľ˵ģ
û˵£һЩٸһûκε⣡
ڵħһݺˣ
һԵģħһѾǸ˾βһˣھȻлϢ
͹ֲϸֳһĨ֮ɫˣ
ĿɫҲΪѿ˵ɻһҲˡ
ɻһ壿ʲôüʵ
ĵ峤Ѳˣǲɻһ峤ر峤诺ܾ˰
ȥرƺҲȥμȸһ˰ɣɻһôʱأ
ʵЩɲ
ǲɻһںһŵĻôľ͸ˣ
ɻս֮ħ޶
һħһѾþβһЩˣڼϲɻһĻǼֱѩϼ˪ˣ
ֲ֮ǰ˵ǻϢʵβһܶͻȻ֮Լʩѹбĵ
峤ˣر֪ȥ壬Ӧǰźõġ⣬ɻһӦҲ֪峤˵ˡ
ĵϹһ˿
ĳߣɻһǰ׻һ֧ʵǿᣬȴû뵽Ҳǳ֮ΣС˶ѣֻǿ⺢ˣرǡ
ֻҪõѵԸرϵ诣ǿңֻҪܹóѵҲԥģ
˵ﻰ˵ʵڵģβһûģǾԲû
ֻҪβһϣ
̾һǵıˡѵô׵õ
诼ȻȥȻ׼ġһǻа취ġ
ЩҰο˵ʵϴϾͿԿҲǲʲôϣģ
ҪǱߵõѵô׵ĻҲôò
诵ȷһŰɣɻһû٣ȻǺرġħһһֱ壬Ҫ취ˡ
ģҲЩ˵
峤ˣ±ΧģҪ߼֮Σ
ĿҲεҡҡͷ
а취
ƺ¶ĳ־һ㣬һȥЩĸо
峤ˣҪʩչλӰɣУԲУһ˿궼ס˰
ĵпһ£ҲǼ˵
λӰ
ʵǾβһϾѧֻɵ۾ϵǿ߲ܹǿʩչ
λӰȻǿܹβһ嶷תȥĵط
⸶ĴҲԶ׼ģһʩչ״̬ʮľ棡
Ѳɻİ취Ա״̬Ѿĳ·ˣһһܹɹ
ģҲ΢΢һ̾
˵ʵиõİ취˭Ըȥأ
ˣҲֻܹطڶʱڼԼڵǱܣȻʩչλӰİ취ˣ
Ļβһ彫֣֮
峤ˣһ뻹Լּʱ䣬ǻʱ䣬ɲܷɵĽ˵
ɬһЦʱ䲻ˣҵ״Լ̫ˡôȥĻµʱҪʩչλӰΪˣѾǺˣ㲻ȰˣβһԺͽˡ
峤ˡ
ĸҪȰοʱѾһ
峤ˣ诳
Ķһۣ˵֮жһ˿ľ֮ɫ




2808Ȧ峤
 

βһ壡
ԭѾһʵĶΪ读زˣ
ȥ壬βһ廹׸Ķ
ֻǰ֮˸Ѿǳˡ
读ǶΪһʧˣ
ȻʧˣֻҪ˻ǲͦõ
诺׽˾βܲ
Ȼôĸ֣诵һҲ£
Ϊˣǿʶܴܵˡ
ˣǰ֮˻Це
诰ݼ峤ˣݼ峤ˣ
诵ϥ¹򣬿Ҳǵͷ
诣ͺãͺãҲ¶һ˿ЦݣһվŵףҲüʵλǣ
ף
׼򵥵ҲЩü
峤ˣ˭ˡ
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Ǽִβһʱƾͷƾճһ㣡
ƽβһ̣ҲЩˣ
Ϊ۹ģľβһӴȺ֮ǰǼֻβȣȹģŽȺ
ȻǾβһ壬ƺ֮˰
ĿƣҲЩɵĿƣ
Ҫ֪ƵʵҲǷǳĳڣɻʾڵʵܹھβһŵϺˣ
˵ģβһɻʾǿߣģ
ǰ֮ѹͲʶ
һԵҲɻĿ诵ط𣿡
峤ˣû˸峤𣿡
ЩӵĿЦŵ

ãҲβһĸ峤
βһѣҲʹ˷룬֮ҲûκεϢ
诣㡭˵ʲôԲ
ЩʧˣҲ
˵Ҳǽ֮ˣʱԼõϢôܹأ
鼤ȫȷŵǰ֮˾ԲԼã
Ǵ˸ԼЩƣأ
诳ϣ𣿡
ƿ۽Ҳǳˮ
ʵҲ֪Լĸ׵һĸʲô֪
㡭Сƣ
ɵ˿ƺԼֵʱҲǷӦ˹
ԼȥԼոճŮ
ƵֻԼ֣ôأ
˵ȻʵҲҪԼһۣ
ֻϧǣԼõǻ֪
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ƿҲ֮гˮ
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ԼϢЩ˵
ȻɵǿߣҲ֮ˣ
峤ˣϲСһҲѾôˡճʱôһء
ҲĨᣬҲǴһ˿Цݣ
ǰϲϲֻϧҲʱ޶ˣܹŮһ棬ҲҲ
ƣҲο˵ЦݾǷԷθģ
峤ˣϹ˵ʲôذҪԻأ
ĻҲק
ʵ诱֮һֻ츳ڣϲѣ
诣ͲҪοˣԼúܡѲʱûпʲô𣿡
诣ԭĵƺóƲҵ
ƺ˺֮ܶˣʵһ㡭
׿˵
ʵһ㣿ļٵİ㲻˵ħһͲɻһ˴ĸ𣿡
Щ㵵ĿףȻֿʵ
Цŵڣһж⣡
诿ĵ˾㵵ӣҲǺٺһЦ峤ˣͷİɣֹڣʲôħһʲôɻһ嶼ģ
诣㡭ûкͿɣоЩʶˡ
Ǿħһ廹ǲɻһ壬һҲǾβһܹǵİ
Ȼ峤֪ˣֹӸҪѵ峤βҪ
说˿жһöҩȥһƬȴɢź˵ѹ
ѵǴ֮еѵ
˼ǳ׵ɵˣһеһǸоһκ
峤ģԸҵģӦüٲˣ׵˵
Ըֹӵģļٵİ
׵±ˣ
˿̵ľ췽ҹ̷һ㣬ǸоôĲ˼飡
ӣΪһǸƭֽ




2809»󣬴򿪰ɣ
 

βһ֮У
һ±ƵĿףǲţǸţ
ǰ֮˿ȥ֮ˣ֮أ
ʲôˣ
ŴҶǷǳˣǿߣû֮һ
ʼԴ۷ڣԸֹҩ
ҪȻôֹӴͷҪȻϹţ
ôΪϹţ
ĻôţΪʲôҪβһأ
ѲǳԱ˳ŵĲɣ
峤ˣȻûۿһоġֹӻʣǳжأ
诿֮ǰ𺳵ĳҲǼѣ
ݸһЦ诹ЩȲҪ˵ˣ峤βҪģκ˵Ҳٲ𣿡
ǰ峤ˣҾֹ˵Ķԡ˵ˣҲܺ˵ģ
ȻҲкɲǶ˵ֻҪκĲǲΪؼģ
ֻκĲһвź˵
βһϣɶǼλɵ۾峤ˡ
еѵҲǵⵤҩȻĺܣȻƺ̺ͨʵ˸оս
ظ峤ˣⲻѵƾ峤˴
һԵҲǵʥϵĵҩԲǼٵģҲԸΪﵣ
ʥϣ
ףҲһͷˮ
һԵЦŵʥ۾֪ɷ˵嶫۾
Сƣ㡭˵ʲôǶ۾Ǹ½Ķ۳ĵ۾𣿡
Щ㵵Ŀƣ֮г֮ɫ
һԵҲǼ˵Ŷ۾òʱ䣬һλĵ۾ɳΪ۳ĵ۾ѲɾǰλȻﰡ
ҲǼĿףЦŵ峤峤ˡĳҲǽҶѣöѵȻ˼٣ҵѣ޼ٵġ
֮ǰһֱ˵۾壬۾ӵżߵһιȻǼ˰ֻǡ
ף֮Ĩһ˿ɻ֮ɫ
׿βһ֮ʱкܶĽһλӱǾβһ֮ˣҲ峤ĸŮβһҲǰˣ黹ǵ峤κ˵ɡ
ݣ
еĵҩǳ۾һĽĿУ
ڼ
ܿ죬ھһ㣬ԴԴϵϴľ
ħ֮
һ˵ҩɽģѵɾͲһˣ
ѵӵΪͳ𣬶ɢħ֮˵Ч
ټѵǳƷĵҩǿ֪ˣ
˵鵤ҩҲŵģ
Ȼ
˵ҩ֮ھһȵĻȼһ㣡
ѵãħ֮Ҳһһε
ûãڵĶѾǱ߰˰ˣ
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ҪָҲǷǳѣ
Ǽһ
˿ָ̻˴룬ɫȥҲǺ˺ܶ࣡
һԵĺ诼Ŀ峤ˣȬˣ
û˵ѾҡҡͷҪȬҪúõһ峤ģа취
лֵ۾֮ĳΪ
ףҲ֮ɫԱ
ʵ϶˵ȶûа취ȥ
װڰֵ峤ؿѾ˵ˣһˣԺһ˾ͲҪ˵һˣ
峤ˣǲֹ֪ţ嶼Ҫأ
˵ţֻĿЩˣ
ҲûпɱķĳǿĻһ㵣Ƕûˡ
⡭е˰ɣȻó诳ס
ôǿߣһĵ۾ҪˣᣬʵЩ췽ҹ̷ˣ
ֻ֪֮ǰҪ֪ĻҲô˵ˡ
ݸһЦȻҲЩ˵ǣ
΢΢һЦħһ峤ȻҪһģ
ֵ֪ɲǾħһ壬вɻһˣȺʵСﰡ
ǵĿף֪Ⱥʵǳǿᣡ
һĵ۾ʵǿҪȺҲǷǳĲ׵ģ
رһﻹң课㵵ʵ
ңҪأĳ
һر֣֮ǰǸɵۺڵļһ
˵󣬴򿪰ɡ
ֻһ仰ֱʯˡ




2810µ
 

֮У
ЩŵĿףоһǲǷˣ
򿪻ǲ뻢
βһܹǿľЩֶȫԼ
ӲӲƴʵĻ˵ʵǸ
һ˭֪
ҲΪʲôħһͲ׻һ彫βһΧڴˣ˸еһԭ
Ϊ·ӣ
ƴʵΪ۷״̬Ҳֻܹסλɵۼ޶ѣ
ħһͲ׻һֹôɵۼأ
˵ʵ֮ıƴβһ·һ
βһΨһķ
˵ǽ鷢ӵ˼¡
ֻǼҲŴβһ㱻ˡ
Ǵ򿪻Ļǲ
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һԵҲǵֵ֮ǰӦöˣɵۼĸ벻ʮλ֮࡭
峤ˡ峤ˣֹӲЩ˵ģǾͷİɣ
һҲ֪ôȥֻܹͣһζ׷ף
һԵҲǵʥϼȻô˵ˣȻĵģʥϰɣûġ
Ȼ˶ô˵ҲԲẦԼġ
ҪϧԼҪβһ˿ɶԼУ
ǳʲôӵĻôҪİ
һǱ岻Ըô˵ʵǡ
׿˵峤ĪΪϲԼЦɣİɣȻ򿪻Ȼ޵ĵģ
ֵۡ
˵Ȼǰ֮ǾԼ
ԲȺȥЦģ
΢΢һЦβһĻȻȴҲƽ⣬峤ǵСһЩȻĻô򿪰ɡ
¡
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ʵôҲɵģ⻤һƻβһĿռ䶼ûˡ
׵ĴҲǴߣֱƻˣҲ˺֮ˣ
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һԵĿɿڴĿףһҲǴľһ㣡
⻤ƻһ˲䣡
βһȺ·һ㣬Ƕ֪׷ʲô飿
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βһȺһըˣЩ˵ıʵͿԿóǵĽ֮飡
̣
㳲ľħһͲ׻һ彫βһΧˮйͨ
Щ˲е־˹أ
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ڻ򿪵˲䣬һ׵˵ĶУ
Զħһǰһλͷ֮˰Ⱥ룡
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Ȼ͵ֶ֮ǰ࣬ʵ֮ȴԶˣ
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ɻһĸ峤ҲǲɻһĶҵģ
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Ǹǵˣһ汾ɱǸ֪ߵغСӣ
͵Ŀ֮зһ˿â
вһ֮ȫ£
ں׼Ӧ֮ʣһ֮дһ˿ʧ˵ĶУ




2811¡塱ĺر
 

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׿ŲԶˣҲǸֳһĨ޵Цݣ
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ҲƵĺܣǺر֮ǰԸԼôİ
ЩһֱβһţʵԼûʲô˼
ԼҴ磬Ҳǲ׻һ峤رµ
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һССľβһ壬ںǿʵûбҪôʦڡ
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סڣô۸һСأҲ׻һβһһֱæأôɳɥ֮¡
رȻ֪ΪһǸʲô˾أ
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һǲǷ˰
رʲôãҪβһˣǱʻԼأ
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ģرΪ㲻ɣҪʻͲΪһССľβһҾħһ忪ս
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һԵ˿ͻıҲǳ׵Ȧˡ
̶̵һʱѾ֪Լ˶ٻˣ
رģѾЩ诺˵Ļˡ
ǰλ۾紫֮һ޵еĴڰ
رѷѽ⣬ֻµĿ˵Ĵ򶷣δκγֵļ
ĳһ̣رֱӱ͸ɳȥԶ˾βһĺɽ֮ϣ
׵һĨɫһɿֲѹֱ͵սѣ

͸ŰϢԭćNɪ֮ѾʧӰ٣˳ΧϵѰԴ
֪Զ߽ǰ




2812±ߵ
 

ֲ
Ϥζ
Ȼ壬ǶҲ֪ġ
ΪǾħһȻôΣɺôҲǱûеǿ
֮ǰرսѾ𽥵ռϷ磡
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Ȼǲ׺رΪʲôһԲһܹΪ֮
ֻǵ׼ɱķʱħһ弸˲䱻ѹƣ

һҲþħһ嵨ѣ
ͫһûзӦôµʱоԼƺ׵ˣ
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رһο׶֣ҲǼ
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ֻħһɲ壬ǵϵԶûǿ
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ԣħһֿв˵ĸо
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׽ɱ͵񽻸ԼԼûɣ
ڳڣڲɱ͵Ļôľûлˡ
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Ͼǿһ㶼Ǻۿǿߵġ
ֻڣҲ֪ԼҪôˣǾˡ
׵˵ˣϣ峤ԺܹΪҵһݹף
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źرɢĵһھβһ֮ҲǾֲѣ
ƺѾǳ׵诺ƵĻ




2813¾βһѡ
 

βһ壡
ļ֣֪ԼһγɹĶ˽ѣ
Ǹоǣʶֵ֮ҲҪصˣ
һ뵽ߣĿ֮оȻһ˿⣡
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˵ҲӵĻûʲô̫׷
ǵ׵ĺܣʵǿվǻ費𣿡׷ʵ
΢΢һ̾ҲֵЦҾβһܹǿʳѾһ׵ˡչ׳Ȼÿ嶼룬ʵ̫ˡ
һԵĸֱӵֵ۳֣Ҿβһ嶼Ѿĸɸɾˣ
΢΢ͷ֪峤ⲻȺޣ
ֵ۵˼ǡ
ף֮ҲһĨɫ
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ûֵ۵ĻԼСססһδ֪أ
ô˵֮ĵļͿ֪ˡ
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Ҳǿżɽ˵βһħ廹һ㣡
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׹һЦȻ˵ĻǾô˵ˣ峤
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ЦŵԺ峤Ͱɣ峤βһ˶˰ɣ
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⡭أ㵵ʵ
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ԼٵĿռ䣿
ֵĿƣȻֿ˿ףȻǱŵˣ
׿ӦҲͺˣ峤ҲȽȥӦһ°ɡ
˵꣡
Χ˼ͬʱʧ׵ĸǰҲʣһ˶˾βһߣ
״뿪壬ΪһĿʥɽİ׼ң
ֻʥɽһ֪Ҳֻ֪ʥɽĳһλö֪
ȻˣȴҲ˵ʥɽٵ飡
ԣ״ʥɽ̽һ̽׼ҵĵϸ
Ŀǰʵװһ»ʥɽǷǳɵһ鲻ǣ
֪֪˰սʤ
˭Ҳ֪ԼʲôطʱʥɽҲ̫˻ɲǣ
Ҫʥɽֻ֪еؼ֮˲Żá
ûκεԥֱӳɽķ򼲳۶ȥ
˵ߵҲĲˡ
ջķȻҪ취Լˡ
Ϫڰ׼ңȻڻð׼ôΣٿԴ̽һ¾鲻ǣ




2814¾ŵҫ
 

ǣĺУ
ҫ˿̶Լĸ֮ۡУһɵ״̬
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ҫѫСӻŸʲôأϽȥѰµϢԴ
ǣ峤ˣ¼ɾȥ¡
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ѫҪ׼ȥɾʱſȴѾһ
ҫѫֵֵʱҲǻһĳ濴˹ȥ




2815ǫֵ
 

⣡
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ҫʶѾ͸Ŵȥˣ
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ظ峤αؿĳ߶˰
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Цŵʰɣظ峤ӣɰʵǲˡҲ¡
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ҫѫû˵صʣֵôй߷ϻô
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Ǵһ˶ѣһЦݵ
ҫĺһĻǡǶֵ۵𣿹
ظ峤ô⣬Ҳǲԣ嵹ҲǸһЩ棡ʼմЦݵ
ͷĿѣ
ҫоҸ̫ͻȻˣ֮ǰǸ׺ʱ򻹾׵ĸǳ
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ʲô˵ܹɨɽһˣ
ټױǿߣ䱳Ҳӵǿʵ
ҫô룬о׿ֲ˹
׾㵵ʵֵ۵ôİ
Եɺ϶ѣ˭õõ񱦲أ
ʵϣȻ˵ɣҲֻԼ֪һеıռ˺ܴĳɷ֣
ֵ̫ǫ˰ֵܹǿؼұеˣ
ҫҲһμ˵ȷؼұôԺķչĲ
ֵʵ̾ΪֹȷϢҶΪҵ˵أѫҲǲΡΡ˵
ֲ˹
ȻֵŪڹ֮Уʵ̫ǿˣ
ҫ׼ʵֵ۴˷ǰǴˣǡ
ظ峤һ󡭡
׵ĻҫԼﲻʲôæˡ




2816׵
 

ĺУ
ҫѫ׳֮ϵ֮ɫԱ
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˼
׿ҫЦŵظ峤һ顭
֪飬ĳ֪޲޲ҫ
ݸһЦظ峤ܲ˵֮ǰһһЩ
ֵ۵ģҫɫһ漴Ҳ滺
ڴؼҲɣ
ȻҫǱղŵϢˣԼҪֺԼ̬ȣ
̫Ļǲֵۿأ
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ʵʥɽڵԭ̣ҲǱְռʥɽ
ôʥɽνǸɵйһĴڣ
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ʥɽһȻĴڣѣ
Ļʥɽһǲģ
˵ЩѪ˽ѾЩѹĸоˣ
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ֵҪȥʥɽҫüʵ
һЩҪȥһ£һ޴ȹȥȸ㣡
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ǶԸһǿߣЩνӸ˵ûжôǿѹƣ
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˿һڸǰȥǷð׼ڶʱھۼǿߣ
ΪԭƲ
ֱӴһڸɱȥĻǸ˰׼ҾۼֿԼĻ
ײɵԲôҲ˻ᣡ
Ψһ뷨ҪȥʥɽϤһ£
ԼݹȥĻʱ鷳ϣ绻һݹȥ
͵һʥɽķ˲ô
ȸ㣿ֵ۵ݣǹȥҲǴɱķҫ΢΢һЦֵ֪ʲôݹȥأ
˵ʥɽиѧԺǰɣ׿ҫʵ
⡭ֵĪҪٰѧԺѧɣҫ㵵ʵ
ʲôԵ𣿡Цʵ
ҫһЦѧԺǰѧҪˣֵ۵츳Щ۸ڶѧԺѧǶҪԲλ˰
ݸһЦ͵ȥһȦ˰ɣ
ֵҪѧԺҵ·ҫ׵ĻҲЦŵ
ŶǾظ峤ˣЦŵ
ʲô鷳ģֻҪίһֵˣΪҡŮѧԺԺĸԺ
ҫٺһЦôҲЩ˽ĵģ
һ׸ԼŮһЩ𻨣ǵҲһ²ǣ
һ뵽ԼпܳΪ۾ˣҫȻЩԾЦ
ײ֪ԵĿҫʵŮԺʲôǵԺ
ֵ۹ȥ֮Ӧþ֪ˣҸֵдһţŮ֮Ȼֵ۳ΪѧԺһӣ
ҫҲЦֻſɲдô
ҲԼǸŮ֪ʲôˣ죡




2817ʥɽѧԺ
 

ʥɽ
ʥɽȻȥһɽʵⲻһƶѣ
ʥɽڵأ翵Ĵ֮ϣ
ֻĴ½Զټϳ걻һǿ߰ռ
ɽʵֻͨĴ½ѣʥɽδУ
ʥɽʵҲУҲ½Ĵģ
ֻΪʲôһ˵ʥɽ˵壿
Ϊʥɽٷ֮ʮϵĶǿߣ
½ǿֻפפʥɽʵҲΪ˰һЩ߻ԼĺõһЩʵ;
ʥɽΪģʵ쳣ǿ֮⣬ǻӵɽֿȵѧԺ
ѧԺǾˣ
㲻Կ壬һЩҲѧϰ
ֻҪĽʥɽȵӵʸ
Ϊʸ
ǱǻʵϵĳϣͨһЩ߲˵Ľܣ
Ļʥɽ˵Ǵ粽еģ
ʥɽĴڣȻҲ壬ǵ·Ҫ΢ĵ͵һЩ
ֻǵ͵Եģˣνĵ͵Ͳˣ
ǸѫʥɽҪֻһǱǸ״·
飬Ǿòѫˣ
ѫҲԼ·ˣȻ֪ǰλֵ۵ôģ
ֵĿǰʵ˸۸ɣ
ѫ۸ֵ۵ˣľ͸ûжˡ
жˣ˼Ǿô°ɣ
ħ֡ʹĸ֣ܹȣ
ĵһ֣׼ҵ峤ǸȹҲǴƽ֣
ѫȻ֪׸׼ҵʲôޣ
ؼѾڶ۾ôҲΪ۾ˡ
ֹ֡ӣѧԺĵԺˣ
ѫָָƻֺѧԺĸ֣ҲǴһ˿Цݵ
΢΢ɻƵǸоһԺӵȻֺô
ѧԺܲѫһЦ
ղŲ˵ʲôԺôôֱܲˣƵʵ
ֹ֪ѧԺֻһطνĵڼԺǲѧԺڲֵһȼѣĵȵʱСʱ֪ˡ
ѫףҲǹ
׵ͷлˣ
ֹӵκεҪֻҪؼҼɣؼʱֹٻѫҲʱ
ѫףһεĹ
Цŵлˣ֣Ժٲû鷳鷳ˣ
ءֹ֣ʵ̫ˣֱӳƺΪѫˣѫЩ֪ԣȥǷǳĿĵġ
Цѫֻ֮һ˽ѧԺ
ѧԺ
һǳŵѧԺڽһûκεƣ
ſһƬɵĽɽԶ֣֪طжôӴˡ
׽ѧԺʱ򣬵Ҳûʲô˹ע
ϾѧԺһ۸ڶĴڣټѧԺڲĵȼʮֵȷԵȼҲ쳣ɭϣ
ѧԺһΪԺ
һ飬ͷΪĴԺֱǵһڶ͵ķԺ
ħ塢塢ʹͳͳһԺϵ棡
ĴԺκһҵĹģƺҪԺӴ
Ϊʲô
ΪＸˣֻԺʵһֱƺǳǿ
ܹʥɽѧѧԺķ֮ˣǼЩȺԵ֮ǣ
û츳˭ֻ˷أ
ѧԺÿǧһѧԺѧԺÿǧҲֻļŰ˶ѣ
Ű֮У塢ħ塢ʹһģ
Ҳ˵ЩȺÿǧҲֻô
ȻѧԺѾӵǧҵѧѾܶûб仯ˣ
ÿ꣬ѧԺҪӵһμΪϿĿ飡
ֻ֮ͨˣǲʸѧԺ
ѧԺôܹ꣬ڴѧҲǼ˶ѣ
ʣµļǧˣɶÿǧˣֻǺ֮ܶҪظģ
ײ֪ЩڻֺǺǵѧԺĴ·֮ϡ
ֻʶ׵վߵĻҲһϳ׳ˡ
ΪΪ˻ѧԺԼòˣ
Ҫ֪׵ʶǿ󣬱ҪʶǷǳĲ׵ġ
ŮʵѧԺʶ𣿡
ĿĵѧԺ·ϣһֱҪѯʣһֱƺôһŮһԼ




2818
 

Ժ𣿡
ǸŮףҲפʵ
һǰ֪Ůɷ֮
߰ɣҲҪѧԺȥһˣ
ŮףϹһ˿޵ǳЦ˸оһů
ϸĴŮ͵Ĺ˿紹Ŀ磬һӵŹϵŮ
ŮŮ
ɽ磬ŮȷЩۻң
׵ǱȽϵǿҲֻǿһŮ
ףѧԺ𣿡
׿ǸŮҲĴ
ֻǸŮƺЩԴǣÿһεⶼǱĻش
ŮĵͷһѧԺ

ƺһӾ뵽񴺮
ڿӦ񴺮ʲôˣǴ־Ͳ֪ˣ
һѧԺ͵ѧԺʲô𰡣ŮЦſʵ
ײУЦŵǵһѧԺɣ
ţ׼ȷ˵ǵһʥɽЦŵ
һʥɽظԺǡףҲЩɻ󲻽ʵ
ѧôŮЦʵ
ǰɣҪйϵҺŵĻҴˣ
ףҲ΢΢ҡͷ
ʲô˼ЩƵʵ
֮ǰҫױдŸԼŮİôͲأ
ѲΪ峤ϵΥ
׾òܣֻһԵЦŵףһ֪ҲǺ顣ѧԺɲ˭ҪͿԽءظԺڵĻҲʲô£ֻǡ
ƺҲϤ׵һѧԺҲ̲סĶ˵䣡
Цŵûû£б˸ظԺţӦûġ
ðɣûǾûˣѧԺҲͨԼʵȡʸģ
Ҳ΢΢ҡͷЦһʵҲǾûϷ

;ͳΪɽһѧԺѧԺԺĸԺ𺳼ģ
ѧԺ֮꣬ҪΪǵĵʦΪԺĸԺԺҪõ˵Ͽɵģ
ʵϣϿһ˿ɲʵƷķ棡
ȻѧԺȥ֮ˣһɽֻ
ѧԺ棬ǱϾһѧûκݲ
ܹ˸ߵȵѧԺ֮еθְ߲ѧԺҲǲСģ
Цŵе鷳һȥظԺɣ
֮жҲ¶һ˿ʧ֮ɫ
ɽʵΪ
һͶȡɵĻ˱ƷӦþ⣡
ټ׸ղ˵Щ鷳ĸоǴһʵܲȴҪѧԺѧϰˣ
ˣѧԺûУϾʥɽЩѳѧԺûм˰
ԭǰ۴ȻǴŷоԣ
ֻ˼䣬ڷһʵЩİĸо
һ·ϣƺһЩ˽ĿͶߣ
׻һЩ֮ѧԺӦҲǱȽϳ
ҲôĿĹע
˿ȻײУҲûκεĽ
˭
׺·ŵʱӭѾ˼ˡ
Ϊ֮һӸ԰ӣȥЩĿˡ
ֻһ￴ԵʱĿ֮д޾ռе
裬ƺûйϵɣ
ǰ֮Ҳû̫ĺøУ˵ĳ
СӣϽ߹ÿ
裬ʥɽ֮һҵĵϵʵ֮һԵƺҲ
ʥɽĵλ˵ǽڰ׼ң
ҲΪʲôһ˵˵еһԭ
ʵʥɽûʲôСģֻЩƴ˭ǿѣ
ף㲻Ҫģ߱ǣ
ƺԸ̫ľҲǶ˵
ҲǵͷȻ׼뿪
һιΪ̽һ̽ʥɽʵģһ㶯֣ЩΥˣ
ԣҲļһһЩɫ
ǰɣټסˣӣϣһܹһֱк
迴һﳤȥ
ȥıӰҲЩǸȻ˵ˣһôġ
û£һɵӶѡײм˵
һ㶣֪η
û뵽׵ļһﻹûʶԡ
ֻҲý͸࣬һ϶ǽ벻ѧԺġ
ʱֻҪѧԺҲʥɽ˰ɣ




2819²ͨ
 

ѧԺԺ
ԺѧԺ࣬ѧԺĻһξ룡
ѧԺʵӴĺܣŵ˵൱һˣ
ѧԺĳһ·ۣ˺ִܿ˵ԺһʵĽǰ
ףǵԺʦ칫֮أ
ףҲǸ׽͵
׵ͷô˵ظԺˣлʦָ·ˣ
ãҼǵòĻظԺӦߵһ棬ΪԺԺһ㲻칫ԺظԺȨصģΪ֮ɣ
˵꣬ҲǿһȻ뿪ˣ
ʵϣһԺҪΪѰһЩϣΪѧԺͼݾڵԺߣ
ֻ˵Щɺˣ
׿뿪Ҳ¶һ˿Цݣʵ뷨ôأ
ֻǴ˷ǰʥɽҲΪ̽һ̽׼ҵʵ
ܲµȻǲµġ
οԼѧԺʵ鷳ĺܣԼҪɺܶ
ŵǣҫһױţðײò
Ժʦ칫صߴ
ʱ氲Щ£ֻʲôĳûм
ʶһɨ
ѾǸܵĵطһˣ
ˣ
ֱӳǸ˹ȥǺŵţ

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һ׵ĶУȥʮֵĸ
ֻһ֣˸оһ־ǧ֮ζ
ƿţ濴һۣǰһλźɫ۵ŮǱ߷дʲô
׽ҲƤӶû̧һ£һԣ
ƺڵȴŶ֮˵׵һԼ֮ˣôǰλŮҲĬ
ણ
λŮӽеëʷüͷͬʱҲǽ
Ŀƺܹһ־ηĸоֻ׶ĿʵЩ޾壡
ɵۺڣ
ŮʵȷǷǳĲֻһɵۺ֮ʥɽѧԺܹΪԺ
׿ʥɽѧԺ˲űԺɵۺڰɣ
Ӧʥǿ߲ǰ
˵£û¸Ժȥ
˵֮˱ҫŮҲǵԺĸԺ
һ׶ڴļ飬һֱѧԺ֮С
ܶ˶֪ƢһûҲΪλԺǳĻƢ
ԸǷϻ˵ֱ˵
׿¶һŴظԺģ
Ҿ˭ʲô£
ףüͷĸˣ
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Цŵؼ֮ˣֻ˵峤ʶ
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㸸׵š
ֱͳһţȻݸ
ʵҲҫȼ䣬Ҫ˼ֹӰһ
⿴ȥдĵйоأֻܾЩԾһʱĲ֪ﲻԾ
ӹţٵĴɨһ֮ɫ쳣ѿ
Ҹ׵ţ
ֻ̬ȵĿףԼĸ׾ȻҪԼߺŰһ˽ѧԺ
ⲻܣԲܣ
ظԺԼ׵嶼ʶɣ
׵ȻһЦֻЦһƣ
״˵屾ԺȻʶҲûܹģµģɽĸʵ̫ˣ
ظԺʲô˼ҲˣˣԼأ
ҪѧԺ׳ʵ
峤ʴϻۣҪҵѧԺһ׿
㣿ʴϻۣڶ𣿱ԺѧԺĹߣܹӹΪæԺ
׵ӣҲû˵
ظԺ峤Ӷ׵˵
ߣǸ״ڴΣб£ԼԿѧԺο˭֪㵽ǲðƻ
ĪĲˬѲΪƾԼ׵һţԼҪԹԵô
ȻظԺԸæĳҲˣǣ
ѧԺʲô֮ǰ˵
˼ֻҪͨ˾ܹѧԺ
ӣ׿ɲԸ£
ֱת뿪⵹סˣͷ˿Լ׵Ȼֿ˿΢΢һ̾ͦиԵģǲ֪״˵׳ԴʲôҩȻһʴϻۡ
˿̣һε߳ʱֱӳŸղʧķȥ




2820±Ĳõ
 

û⣡
˵ߺŵǲмģ
ȻҲ֪ԼĸΪʲôҪһʵǿ츳ȥҲһ֮ˣʵ᲻ʲôȤ
뿪һεĿԼеǷ
ȻûнѧԺÿǼԺ˵Ŀʼ
ѧԺԱȽϵĵܹͣһЩʵԴһЩֵĻ֮о
ǧһεΪԺεĸԺҲǵһβμ˵ʵҲЩŵģ
Ժ˵Ժ˱
һķԺľΪļңǵڶ͵ԺľԿòпݣ
һԺö˵ѧԺȻĴڣ
ܶ˵ĿǽһԺϾۼѧԺţ
ܰ
ǰһٵĸ֮УʮλԵһԺ
ټϵԺռʮλңʵ϶ķԺҲֻʮλҵĸ֡
ԣֻǽ׵һѣ
еľĿǰǷʵԴһˡ
ѧԺͼݣ
վȴʵҲ֪Ӧȥ˭
ԣ͵Լˣ
Ȼôӵʱ䣬֪ԼѾøŮ˽ˣ
԰ŮˣԶܽͨʲôģ
϶飬ʮͷţҲֲ֮ǰԼΪ֮ųֵ˽Ⱑ
ףô⣿
ͼ߳ʱ֮ǰǸȥѰļһȻվͼݵ棬ҲЩɻʵ
ûʲôֻǻһҪ鷳һʦ㡭׿
ظԺǲûдӦҲЦĳֽǶ˵ʵҲϣ׽ѧԺ
֮ǰ裬Ǽһɲʲôʡ͵ĵƣ
Ըһľ֪һһףԲģ
ԣ״ѧԺʧôʥɽʧõѡ
ʦ˵ûظԺ̫˵һʦ㣬ҪѧԺӦΣ
׿Ҳν˵
һ㶵ҪѧԺ
ѧԺɽһѧԺ˶УĳȻҲˣȻظԺǱ߲ͨȻҲ취ǣ
׿죬Ȼһ¼ȥƺǳΡ
Ȱ㻹ǲҪĺãǽҽѧԺأʵһ;һ·𣿡
׵ϤһЩҲЩģҲǶ˵䣡
׵ͷʦ˵ûһʥɽܲʲôҲ뿪ɣ
ǺðɣȻҪæҵǿ԰ġѧԺļĲԷǳϸôҵǾЩ˷ʱ䣡
ĲǴףѧԺҪôýĻôǸǶԽˣ
ʵѧԺļǷǳϸģ
ʦˣԶһЩʲôЦʵ
˵Ҳǳļ򵥣սѧԺڵʦʦ㣡
ţ⻹ǱĲðֻǶһ˵ƽɣ
׿üʵȻνѧԺĹҲ̫˰ɣ
ܹѧԺǾ̳һ
Щ˱ʵǿ֮ˣսֿ
ף㲻Ҫò˼飬ʵѧԺķ֣һֱսԺڵѧսʧ֮󻹻еڶѡǾѡ߻ɱǰı
˵Ȼö
׵ͷ⵹ǲ࣬սʦʦĻôѧԺʵЩϷĸоˣ
ȷѶȺܴ󡣲ұսʦɹֱӽһԺġ
˵ߵʱ򣬻һԺɫ
ʦҲǳŰǺǡҽѧԺ֮Ժʦա
һﵹͦģֻΪεҡҡͷ
治֪˭һ
˵ѧԺصЩսʦʦɹǰˣΪǲѧԺϣ
лʦ㣡
׳΢΢һЦԼҲչֳһЩʵ˰
ĻоԼѧԺƣʵǱĺܣ
һ֮
׵ѧԺı뿪ˣϾҲûôʱߺŲǣ
ѧԺǿɽʢⱨ֮ʵ̫̫ˣ
һҿѧԺʱȻмĻᡣ
ƾʲôŶӣ
Ŷӵʱ򣬼˴ĸǰ˹ȥֱ
ֻ²ƽ£Ȼ˿ߵģ
⵽ҲһЩΪԼȨˡ
׵ĿҲȺ˺˵λŮϣֻǼƺŮӵһ£




2821°
 

ѧԺ
һȺ˽»ȥֺģ
ǰǸСӣȥģȴһİ
ÿһˣֱȥ
ǰǰˣҲŵ˼
Ȼ˵ͷʵС
㲻Ҫ˵ˣǺѧԺҪǡϾǶ۳ľڡ
ԭǸЩŮԱߣվһҲӼе˵
ǸŮ磬㲻Ƕ۳ľڣѧԺʲôýذɣǶôʱˣƾʲôǿԲŶӰ
ŮԱߵλĸ
˶Զ۳Ķ´Ժ
ͷ£ǻǶһ²һ£
磬Ҳ£ƺʲ˵ĿҲʮֵĳ壡
Զ˿ãƺ˲ûʲô̫ӡ
ʵϣ׶ڶ´Ժ֮ڵ˽Ҳ٣
ԼŮĪ̵֮⣬ӴҲ࣡
ѾʵǿᣬЩȻǲĹעΧ֮У
ֻôҲû뵽طȻ۳ˡ
ҲúϾѧԺʵֻҪʵ˶ʸһ
ЩĴ۳ٮٮߣϣͨһεĻԼһߵĲβ
ţӦûвԶ۳ѧǣ
С椻ͦи԰ӾͲô
֮ʣһǵΧ
֮ǰǸӵļһƺѾǱˣƺЩĵҪЩ
ɫһ䣡
ԭΪԼõܶ˵ӦЩ֮ƺһǶһĶԼ
׷Χ֮ڣѾû˵ټ
㡭ƾʲôӣǶŶŵĺúõģô˵Ҳһ󵽰ɣ
Ȼţǰͷ֮ŭ
ƾӣ
ӵӿŶ˵
Ҳʶʲôӣֻ֪ǲӵģ
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ӿЦ˼¶һ˿
һңɫ৵һ±ˣ
졭ٵǸ
ʥɽҵģʵʥɽ֮ǰҲǶʥɽЩйһЩ˽⣡
ֲôţ˶ӣ
ԭѾǲԶˣ˭ܹ
˵ģ˵ʥɽڶļ壬ˡ
ǸƾʲôǸӻҵǸʲô
ƺҲʶĲԾԼһŵӣǻȥˣ
ɽô棬˭ԸԼأ
֣ϽǸ
ʹĸԼʹɫ˿̶ͷϵϸѾ˵һУ
ǸٻϡأţҰȴӳȥ
ƺ˵һǳ顣
ĭȻ٣ҡǸ
Ÿʲô
ӸûнУһԵŭȵ
ǣү
ΧӵļӺȻӦǣҲĿ΢Ŀˣ
㡭ʲôѧԺ
ӸΪҲԼõĸǰ
óԼʵǷǳںġ
֮ǰ֣Ҳǲ£֮һӦġ
磬ǵĿңߣ
ԼƵǰ棬Ҳһӣ
Ѿ߲ˣı۾̾һ
ݣ
Ӱ˵ķѾϮٶ֮Ҳۻң
Ȼﱨ֮˵ʵǳĲǰ̫һЩ
Ŀ΢䣬֮ĳͻ֮
ǰ֮˿۳֮ˣΪ۳۾ôܹӲأ
ԼƤӵ۸ԼԼΪ۳ĵ۾
˵ѧԺԺס֣
ֻǾ׼֮ʣһϤ뵽׺˵ĶУ

һҲǳ˵֮У
׶û뵽ȻʱˣҲã
ˣҲҪԼ˲ǣ
ΪѧԺԺĸԺӦÿԽˡ
ߵЩĳ֣Ҳͣסˣ
һʱ䣬ⱨƺ֮֮ǰҲ




2822²̨
 


ԭǱ߿һЩҪѡһЩ츳׼ʱΪõģ
Ϊ׵飬ҲŪЩ
Լ׵ıʼһ˸ģ²ˣȷԼ׵ıʼ
ֻԼĸʥɽĳ֣ΪʲôһļһдƼأ
ǻԼ׵۹ˣҲô
Ҫ֪ؼңԼĴҫؼҵ峤ĻǱԼ˵Ϊˡ
Լĸ׸ԼдţȻܾˣ
⻹ǵһΣ
Ȼܾĸɴ࣬ѹҲеġ
ҲҪ͸͸˳㿴һ
ԭֻԶţǱŶӵʱҲһ㶣
һ츳ıʵҲù
ԣҲûд
û뵽Ȼ˸ڱң֮Ҳʶģ
ӣ
ҵĵϵԱҲ峤֮һ
ֻʵôʥɽһ֮Ǻһġ
û뵽ǣһѧԺʸ񶼻ûõˣȻ˵Ű裡
ʵ̫һЩ
۾治ɳӣ
ôһˣȻұ֮ؼҪǿһЩأ
ؼҵݳ֣ѧԺԺĸԺݳֵĲ
ظԺô˰ԼˣͲͷˣ
һҲ¶һ˿Цݵ
ƺûнУ
̣
һߣԭȼһ˿ϣƺҲϨˣ
ЦһӣѧԺңɲҰ˸Ͻȥ
̣˸Ҷ֮˳ԲѷûҪǵѾǺܸˡ
ӿһ˭µı飡
ʵϣһı⸱Ժݣ¶ѾŵĲ֪˵ʲôˡ
Ҳʥɽ˳ĵϵǵʲô£
ǲ
ƺһˣĿҲǴһ˿
̵Ƣô󰡣ֲõڶҲˣ
ӵĻֱҪˣԭѾɫѿһƺ׵ıˣ
ಣ
һ޵Ӱһţڿһķˣ
գ֮䣬һֻ֬һϸ֮ѾסӵĲӣ
˵һ飡
ӣ֮ɢһֲɱ
ŮˣЩǽɣ
ӴӦþ֮Ըἰ飡
ȿȿȣ
ӱЩһԵǼԿ˼֮Ҳǲǰ
˶˽
Щǰ޿ɺǵģϾҵĵأ
ȴĸǰˣǼֱ
㡭ſҡӵɫҰףƺЩˣ
أ
Ȼʹɱֱ֣ӽӸصˤ˵ϣ
һԺĸԺȻֶӶ֣ǲʧˣ
ӱˤڵ֮ʣһλӳ˹
ٷ磬ãҵԽԽûгϢ˰Ȼ㲻úụ̀ܽǱԺ̹̺ܽܽˣ
ˣҲһ
ٷ磬ѧԺڶԺĸԺĳ֮һ
ʵ϶ֺֹһˣ
ֻܶ˶ڰѣ
ҵԻᴦȻĵطʲôн
ٷƺδӶֶҲǵȻһЦ
нʲô˼ʵ
κεط˭ȭͷ˭ǵɽ磡ٷ絭һЦȻһԵӵӣ㲻ԣ»һҪע֪𣿡
ǣ壡ӿԼѵԼҲ
ҲʲôèʲôƵ۳֮˾ܹ׵ƵģѵȻҪһЩģظԺûʲôɣ
ٷ翴˿ֻǶƺѾǱȳ𺳵ˡ
ɫ䣬ٷȻˣǱΪѹԼģ
һ˭
²̨
һıΪѾͷˣʱͻȻʵ̫ˣ
һûǱ֮˸˵ĻԺԼӺڣ
һԼ֣ǶľѧԺ
ԺĸԺһǰ֣ɺͳأ
ٷӦþǿ׼һ㣬˵ĿԼ

ɫȴ޼ƿʩʱôҲû뵽ǸһȻ߳ˣ




2823ףô
 

ѧԺ
ԭĵ϶ǿԽģ
ôҲû뵽ӵĺ澹ȻҲˣ
ҿó˵ĵλ֮˿оӵռϷһЩ
ˣȻֻǽӴһΣ
ȫԸоó˵Ľٷ˵ĸǰԥˣ
һԥ˵ѾĿƷΧˣ
֪ǿʱӺĻҲǿԴݵʰļõģ
Ǹʱڳ֣ʱˣ
ৣ
߳һ˲䣬еĿⶼϣ
ΪһȻҲѧԺ߲֮Сǲǻˣ
ٷЩĿɿڴ
ôҲû뵽Ȼ˸ҳңٷԼѹҲʶ
˵˴ӦòʥɽˣʥɽˣҲǲСģ
ϾʥɽЩļĵϸٷ绹ʶģ
󰡣ʲô˶ͷϱQˣ
ٷȻЦ˵˶ó֮еһĨ˿εɱ
ףҲǾһ£
һѲĲ
˵˵֮ǰļҵһЩԥĻô²òˣ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ˳Լ׵ţԼ׵˲
׿ٷ絭˵֮£ȻѾˣǱǴˣȻ£ôָкβأ
Ǻˣ
ٷ翴ףҲĨһ˿Ц
·ƽ֮ˣ׵˵ѧԺɽһѧԺû뵽ȻҲ֣ʵ˲ݣ
ߣƽ֮ҲȥУ㲻Ҫ̫ٷŬĿԼŭ
ϾһݻѧԺڶԺĸԺ
ŭĻǵʱԼصҲý
׵ĿһļãȻһԵٷԭҲվܹˣҵȻҲԸ²ǣ
Ҳǽ걨ٷʵ
׵ĳٷоһľ档
ٴĳǶ˵һȷԼоЩˡ
ڳôˣΨ˸վԼڶԺĸԺŸɣ̾Ϊֹ
ףüȻǾ͹ԹԵȥˣЩ鲻ܽģ
ЦŵظԺԲӣͬΪˣ˶Զ۳ҵȾƣǽѣѱԺǲҵȲǾѡ
ǰ˵Ķԣƾʲô۸˼Ұ
ǰԼӻأǰĺܰ
ֲʥɽһɣ˼ҲûǼɣ
ǰҶģαأ̫ˣ
ԭžıһӻ
׿ƺƽһ仰ֱӵȼЩ˵ŭ
ʵϣ仰ľЩ˵ֻԼûʶѣ
ٷ磬ѾЩԹ˰
ٷ磬ҲĨһ˿ЦݣȻϣģ
û뵽׵ļһʵôƤӵǹģ
ͳһ֮ΪԼΧˣҲܹһ˲ǣ
ȻҲһʵЩ̫嶯ˣ
úúãõúܣٷ绺ĳ׵ķ˹׵ʲô֣
ף˿ӵĿٷ
ԼƺЩ壬֮ǰһʱǸвԼƺͽɣ
ӡٷ翴ŶԼֶӳȻ˼ֹ˵ˣѹˣǽ챾Ժ͸һ
壬˼ǡЩƵʵ
ظԺ棬Ժи飬֪ظԺΣٷϸֳһĨЦ
ʵʲô飿
ȻӺڻѧԺˣҿԼˣٷ翴ٺһЦ
û⣬СأԾԾԵĿŶƵ
⣡
׼ܾٷ磬ƺ͸һЩ
ףô
ЩƵĿףȻʵãҲɻʾ֮˰ɣ
׿ȥʵҲڶѣ
һ磬Ǽ˵Ǹеģ
׿Цŵ޻ڣ
ʵϣҲ˵˵ǰСϺŪԼ
һҲԼأ
֪һһ嶯͵ˣž׷ˣ
ӣɲҪҶˣȥɣ
ٷʵҲһǶ׵жϾڶѣ
ֻ֪Ѿ̫̫ĸ׵ʵжԹĻٷ¾Цˣ

ХһȭӰѾǳ׵ķ˹ȥ
ƺѾȲˡ




2824ĪĹˣ
 

ѧԺΧ
ٷվһԣʵٷΪ˷ֹͻȻ֣
ֻҪֵĻôͼ򵥵Ķˣ
Ȼӵʵϵ֮ʵЩͣ
ǶԸǰСӦǴ´ˣ
żٷ֮ٵİյĻٷԼֶӵô˵涪
нѣȻҲǺϲһȷǰԼæǣ
ӵȭͷѾǳ׵ķХʱ̲סҪˣ
ˣ
ǵͷ֮ϣһ֣˵Ŀⶼһ˿ֲѹƸסˣ
һԵٷǶ֪׷ʲô
˭ѧԺ֣Ժ
֮
ٷŭһʶһ̿ɨΧ
һԵҲüǿѹʵӦò֮£
Сġ
ٷ翴ŲԶһ±ƵӣҲŭһ
ֻһƺ˵Щ̫ˣ
ݣ
һɫĹâûκεף
ٷˣû뵽һĻ
׵Ĩһ˿ЦܿҲ¶һԾģ
ӣ
һֱӱɱûзһ£
ֲ˹
һ˫˫㵵۾ףǶ֪׷ʲô飿
ˣĲף
һԵٷ֪ӵôģ
֣
ǳֳУ
Ƕڰ֣˺޲
ԭŲһӣѾ糹׵˵ݰˣ
ʵϣҲһ۷ѣ
ʱͿռ䷨򣬴һʱһѾˣ
ֻǰ˸ղŵעȫסˣû˾һ׷ģ
ο׵ʵҪһЩʲôٷҲѷ֣
ΪΪʵǿȻҲ뵽˲ǣ
װ޹
һĻӰۼģǴ㵵ĿĿɿڴıϵʵ̫λˣ
ʲô
۾ŲԶٷ磬ȥһ޹صӣ
ղӦиֳˣûϵ
һЦϵһŵʵǡǸҶսļһȥˣ
ˣ
ı֮вһ˿ɫʣӵҲ޶ԣ
ٷɫĿ׵˵ǲ˸ɵģ
ٷ磬˲ɣһıĸ֣˵ľʧ룿
ٷŭһȻٷҪҲˣ
Ӿôˣٷֱ
Ժԭܼ򵥣ִҪŪʲôԳҲ˰ɣѲ㻹Ҫɱ޹ɣ
Ҳǵʲõĺٷ
ףԼòɣ֮ǰײһӵУ
ѲɻĿһԼĸǰ
ʱԼĸ׹ԼҲǳܲסģ
ٷɫѿӵͻȻһʱЩʧأ
һԺݸһĻôľҪԵûƷˣ
οԼԳŵģǶǴԼ
ףԺסˣ
ٷߵʱ仰һſ¶Ҫ֮У
ֻƺϰ֮ǰǸٷƺҲ
ǲֻһ䰡
鿴Ƽҵĺܣʵȴ׻֮У
һϷ
ȴôĪĽˣ
˿ҲһȻͲˬƺõһ㣬ǰ˿һҲ˴Ĵָ
һ̣֮ѾǽһЩ
ÿ׺һԵҲǹллظԺֹӳȡ
ڰֵҪллɣ
лֹӣҲһЩٺĸо
׿ļЦŵ⣬ǡѧԺʱʺǣǻǴȥɣ
ֹӣҡҼ̾ʹûȥ֪Ժûлֹӣ
׳м˵һԵҲ۰Ͱ͵Ŀף
¶һ˿ЦݵԺ󶨻лģ
ƺҲԸطͣϾҷӦĻǿ߶߲ˣ
ףȻ俪ڵ֮ˣΨһܹģѧԺѧʸˣ
ôظԺͨˣ׿ӣٺһЦ
ԭôģǿһ˲ԼԺеӣû˵ģֻһ¶ѣ
뿪ӣҲ¶һ˿ζЦݣŶӵȴű




2825¾ҵѧԺ
 

ɹ
׳ͷ֮˷׷õףûױ㱨
ȻǱľͬĿףƺҲǺܾ׵ĵ
ѧԺѧȦҲǳǣ
˶֪ҵˣǻϲҲѲƤˡ
ο׶սǸҵʲôϵڷ
Ȼ˶ǾøûжĹϵɼûжĹϵҲǸ׶սʱ˵ģ
׵νҲ͸ˣ
֮˷ΣԼ뿪ʥɽֺηأ
ʥɽǿǲҲܶûа취ɣ
֮ʽʼ
ʵϣ
ѧԺļһֱΪ˹עģ
ֻ֮ǰʥɽô˽⣬ǸʱԼʵԹעЩ
һεļΪԺĸԺβõģ˭ϣԼܹѧԺ߲ǰһ
νıʲôǱԼ˸۹⣡
Ϊļ֮ǰгֵʱȥӴЩصģֱǰ¼ȡ
۹ˣ
һʵǿǿǻ£ǵѧԺԺԺʲôģΪҪĲʵ۹⣡
ܹٵ˲ΪʥɽãƺǾķ
׼Ⱥ֮УҲ΢΢ü
Ҳ߯һɣѹѹһƬ֪Ϊڸʲôأ
ѧԺ㳡룬ƺڵȴһ˵ĳ֣
˲ǱˣѧԺĸԺҲһļĵһˣХ
Хʥɽ¼ҵ峤ʥɽʵҲǰʮǿߣ
ȳǿߣƽʱǼǿӰģ
˷ΪļÿһζһλԺ֣
ԺɲǷԺĸԺѧԺԺĸԺλ֮߿ɼһˣ
Ҳ˵ѧԺļһӣ
һӰĳ˵ĸǰһλŨüۡӴһ˿ϻĴӲ˳
븱Ժˣ
˼ͬʱХķҾǻᱻصģ
Х΢΢ɨһȦˣ˵°ɣڣ
ԺˣһԺԺڴˣ
һλȥԽվ˸̨룬Хȭ

ͷʵСʥɽһ׼峤Ķ֮һ
˷Ժ̨
ΪһԺͷֻܶҪлĻȥԺġ
㿴ص˲ţ
ХʵֶԵø߸ϣ
ԺʵЩƫ˰ɣ
ХҲЩ˵
ХһǺһЦظԺ˰һԺѧԺ֮أӦһԺģǿɶǶ˲ţǡ
ʲôХͷʵ
ҫŮҲʥɽҫֶŮ˵
ȻˣⶼǻӶѣҲôߵģ
ֻЩõԴһԺȥˣΪĸԺȻЩˣ
ⲻ˲ֻһˣԸע˵ͷˣ
һԵٷ˶ԹۣƺԼûκεĹϵһ㣡
ǵøһˡХ΢΢һЦԺ֮ǰԺҲһѧԺôһ㲻䵹ҲǲõġûоȻҲûлˡ
ХԺˣôĹô˵ƾأ
΢΢һЦǰһԺռôõԴҲӦб˰ɣ
ٷһ˵Ҳ΢΢ͷȻ׼Һҹϵ
ҵľҲһֱڵģһľǷǳļң
ȻˣҲǰ׼Һϣģ
ûоôҲʧȥӦеĶͻ
⻹һ飬ڶԺԺѾѧԺԺڶԺԺ˵ԺĸԺ֮⣬Ǽлᣡ
Х䣬ٷ˵۾Ѿǵ˳
ԺԺ
𿴽һ֮ܵĴȴǽȻͬģ
ΪһԺԺʸѧԺɽܶǵطʥɽʥذ
Ϣ
Хһ仰ֱüԺĸԺЩɱ۵ĸоˣ
⼸λѾǵɵ۾ĺڣҪٳ߸ͷһΪʥǿߣǱֻһˣ
Ժˣ⡭⵽ʲô˼
ٷ缸ͬʱХʵԿóŵ˷ܵĹâ
ֻǵµЩƺһͷˮĿԶ̨֮ϵǰˣҲЩ겻




2826Ժ֮λĹ
 

ʯƾϢ
ѧԺԺĸԺ˵ҪԺǷǳѣ
Ϊʲô
ΪԺȾҪλÿȱ
һܲһӣ
Ժ֮λҲô࣬Ժܶ˰δĻᣡ
ǸոյθԺãȻһԺλÿȱˣ
ü˲оԼĻˣ
ԺǿɶѧԺٮٮߣһ·Ҳôģ
Ȼ⼸˵ĴʵҲڲ֮䣡
Լ֮˭ҲҪ˵νĵһԺĸԺҲΪ׼ҵʵԭ
ڶԺԺΪѧԺĸԺλƱػᣡ
ѧԺĸ߲㣬ʵҲʥɽЩżɵġ
ȻΪλһˣ
ֻһΪҪλã˭Ըòأ
һλʥǿߣЩ˵ζʲôҲͲԶˣ
ã
ΪҲ࣬ųôһеİ취
ǾǹѡΣ
ǹѡҲеı׼İɣ
ΪѧԺԺХ뵽һð취ǽһļĻᣬһЩ˵Ǳ
һã
һҲ᲻
¸Ժˣ֪˼ǡ
ХϾ¼ҵ峤˾ǴӸųҲǵøλӵġ
Ͼļ壬ʥɽҲ൱ĵλġ
ХŰˣҲ΢΢һЦղűԺѾ˵ˣļĹӦøһˣѡԺźܴĹϵ
ٷɴ۾ʵ¸Ժƺ̫ƽɣ
Ժƺûн͹ٷ;òƽˣ
ХҲԸЩżľ콾˵һֱǺϸġ
ٷҵԸ꣡
ļ˰ɣ
Х΢΢һЦŰٷЦʵ
Ժˣˣǲ߱ΪԶʸ񣡡
ХͷܹԺˣҲǼˣɮ٣˾һλãһοǵľ۹⡭
۹⣿ʲô˼ٷɻʵҲסĿХ
ХԼСܼ򵥣ÿѡʮˡʮʸֱӽѧԺģֻ
Ժˣʲôֱ˵ɣҲЩ˵
Х˵ÿζ˵һͣסˣ˭Ҳоܲ˰
Ժ֮λ
ĸ˭Ҫõ
һõλãǵھǳ׵Ľ˸˦ˣ
һԺİ𡢵ڶԺٷ硢Ժ͵ķԺĺ
ĸ˴ӽѧԺһǾ֣
ûһܹ˦õĻˣ
ХͷʮλѧԺǵȨЩǿɵˣΪǻֱӹϵǵǰ;˭ܹ鵽ʮλ֮ʵǿһλǵڶԺԺλñǹ˭
ܼ򵥵Ĺ
ԭԵĹΪ֣һֱսѧԺڵѧԱһ־֮Ļɱ
ΪһεڶԺԺ֮λȱѧԺĸ߲Ųò˻ôһķʽ
ʵҲΪ˻⼸Ժ֮λ죡
ʵ˵
⵽ʱ򼴱ˣҲΪԼ۹ⲻãԹñ˲ǣ
Ժˣ⡭ô˵Ѿˣʮ֮еĵһ˭ѡ˭ǵڶԺԺ𣿡
˼ͬʵǴûиоԺ֮λԼ֮
һ뵽ߣλɵۺڵǿҲѪӿ
ΪֱӽĻʵҲ˭Ҳ˭
пܳಫֲҵĳѧԺĸ߲ҲΪ˱⼸巢ĳͻ
ٷͷʵ̫һЩ˭ҲϣʥɽĳЩƽⱻƲ
ѲɻҪԺظһ𣿡Х
鲻Լ飬Լ˵ҲǸжѣ
ΪʲôһԼΪ¼Ŀǰûһ֮˵ĳϢ
Х⼸ѾٵǸλлӴʥɽΪĵĶ
ܹ𣿿ǲʲôã
ԺˣЩǷѡֻ˭ѡѡٷ翴Хʵ
ȻҪѡǱҪƽˣץξͺˣλģԺץȡȻλѡ˳ͰձԺץȡ˳УλΪΣ
Хĸ˵ʵⲻһԵĹƽѣ
οʵôˣֻҪѡһǿߣǾˣ
ʮ˲ǰѣ
ȻˣѧԺǵҲΪźֻҪѡ֮ʵǿǿԽѧԺѧϰģ
һӸԺ˲ö
ҲԾԾԣ
ХһȽֱˣЩ֮пڱǲģ
ץεĻƱػṫƽܶ࣡
Ϊ¼ҸЩһֱ飬˵ҲХ
µһ治ʼҲ۷׷ף
˵ĶԻҲ¶һ˿Ц⣬ѧԺǻ氡
Ժ֮λôҪ




2827²·Ƶٷ
 

ѧԺ㳡룡
˿̣ĿĽ㶼Хϣ
ΪѧԺĸԺһһǣźܶ˵ģ
ܶ˶֪˵Щʲô
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ˣ
Х֮ʣѧԺΧ֮˶ˣ
ֱӽǰɴûйİ
ǰҲ̫Ϸ˰ɣߺ𣿡
˭˵أǲ֪«浽ʲôҩ
ȿ˵ɣӦҲⶨµĹأ
µһҲǶ֪׷ʲô飿
ΪʲôĽأ
Ҫ֪֮ǰѾ˺ܶ˶෽֪֮ԵһЩ
ܶ˶Ŵ㣬û뵽һֱӽĻᣡ
֮ǰǸûյκεķ
ХԼ̧ȻѹѹԣҲǶĴԺĸԺһο顭
ХʼŹڸ˴ɽ
ХĽ֮ҲǽĿⶼ˼λԺϡ
û뵽һμ򵥵ԣȻغѧԺ߲ѡΣ
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Х˵׽ɱܻһЩ׵ɣһǸ֮ǰһսԺ֮ˣ
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˵ͷʵҲХ˼ˣ
Хɨһ۵ⲻӵһڣ˵ӰȻһЩģӰ첻󣡱ӵĻڣڿĴԺԺʤֱӳΪڶԺԺ

ҲǳĺһѧԺǰѧԱǶڴµĹעȱ֮ЩҪ߳ܶˡ
ѧԺʱ䳤ˣ˱֪ԺԺ֮Ĳ໹Ƿǳġ
ʥɽһЩ壬Ǹ֪еϵ
ֻĴԺĸԺʥɽĺţ
ɴܣҲֻܹһԿ֣
ȻܶĽĺܣȴҲֻܹĽ
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Щֻ֪ҪԼѡУǵھһˣ
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ХĴһöģĶȻڶԺԺٷǰѡˣ
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ĿΧˣҲŵĳǰ˹ȥ
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Ժˣ⡭ҲУ
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ΪٷѡľȻ֮ˣⲻǳô
·
һѧԺѧԺɶ֮ˣⲻǲճ
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wФ֮ӣ˷ѧԺҲΪ˸Լһ;һ
Хٷ磬Ȼֿ˿ԣԺҲû˵ѡ֮һ֮ˣϾЩֻΧѣڵĸԺν
ЩɪɪĻôٷɾռϷ粻
ͺ˶֪˷ŵһ㣡
塢ħȴ˼λţ
ܹעľwФɳwФ֮⣬廹һλȸһĳŷ󣬺һλħĳī
˵ˣעĿģ
ȻŲ٣͵ŻûС
˻ûз֣嵽ʲôǿܹ棡
ٷѡƽ⳹׵Ĵƣ
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һӾȻ֪ѡ˭ˣȻжʮѡģǽԼԺ·׵Ķˣ
˵Ѿǰ˳һεᣡ
ѡɡ
ֳĳָָҲЩĻ˵




2828ѡ
 

ȫסˣ
ԱߣٷĿ俴ף
һ֮ǰԼֶӲ׵ˣȷǴ˳֣
ûǿ߿ߣֲԸ
ٷѾ»㱨˼壬ɼĿǰûκεѶ
֪һ׳ΪѧԺѧôͽܵѧԺı
ҲܶԴ˶ֵģ
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һҪģȻѡһ֮
ХһԵҲǾ㵵ʵظԺȷ𣿡
ͷԺˣȷѡף
⵹ñԺЩˣ˿ȥƺҲôĳڰ
Х̧ͷһףȴһ˿ĺɣ
Ϊ˿ȥ񲢲ôХȴо֮Уƺ̲ž޴
Ȼˣһִ
ХҲ̫ܣϾֻһˣʲôڵĵط
оԼӦЩˣ
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ϾֱӽѧԺʸ񣬶һغΪԺ
Ը񣬾ԲѡԼģ
ȴû뵽ѡԼһǵһѡԼ
ǣ㵹ͦи԰ҪֱӷɲԸ񰡣
Ҳ¶һ˿Цݣ
һҪһЩĲ
ȻٷռȻѡħīҲǳصģ
¹˭ֻδ֪أ
Ȼǿ󣬵ȴҲ޵еĴڲ
ħͫҲΪ֮ģٵ漣
ڵǽϣīˡ
һԵٷ˵Ҫҹȥˣ
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ʱҲֻһʱҵ׼ʱ䣬ʱʵλԺģ
ѧԺĳ
Լĸ񴺮վѧԺĳһ¥棬ֻ񴺮Ǹ֮ˣҲĿɿڴ
˲Ϥף񴺮̫Ϥˣ
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񴺮΢΢һƳҲµòĻӦûΪڶԺԺѡ
ʲʲô⡭ܵľظԺ˰
ĿɿڴĿԼĸ磬оһķ˼




2829·񴺮
 

ѧԺĳ
񴺮ԭֻڿ֣
˽˵˵һ仰ΪѧԺ֮һѾǳ׵±ˣ
ԼĸҲһ콾
УԼĸʲôҪԼǿһЩˡ
۹ȻҲʲôطɣ
ֻû뵽֮ˣȻԼĸгΪܵˣ
ЩԼĶ䶼Ҫˣ
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ʵϣ
һԵ񴺮֮ǰҲһĵȻ׵ֽ׵ʱһһּ
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̬ŵĳ̶ȣһ޶
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ҡҾǾòܰwФȸһķټħī˾һ֮еٮٮߡ֮ˣȻҲһЩ֮ƥУҪսʤ⼸˾޿ܡ
ƶ˵ĴԺǰλѡˣ
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ֻ׼Ӵˣ
Цŵ磬㲻Ϊһɣ
Сãһָо˽ǾԺľ񴺮Цŵ
磬ûɣҲ˵ħսжôǿ˵ԼʵҲô£ܾԺĹҲţ
ǲԼĸ磬Լĸ˵ĻʵԽܣ
ˣǾ͵ȵȿˣ񴺮ŵ˵
磬һο϶ˣһʵĻô״Ѳɻ𣿡
ԼĸЩŹͷˣ
񴺮Цŵô֪ûϢķأ
ε̾һ磬Ҫܹ漣ĻԺ˵ʲôҾʲôȰ˵붫۳飬Ҳ֧֣
˻棿
񴺮ЩʵʵԼڼ֮˵Ҳзģ
ֻ֮ǰԼһֱ鲻ףΪ۳ʥɽҲô£
ʲôʱƭ㰡磬Ҫ˵ĻԺɵҵŶһЦ
ãһΪ񴺮붼ûʹӦˡ
ԼˬӣҲǸоһȦԼʵЩĺܰ
һʱʱܿȥˣ
˿̣ĴѧԺĸԺԭѡİʮˢˢվ˵ĸǰ
ͬʱХҲǶ˶ʮλѧԺεŮ
ļԣһʽʼˡ




2830Ŀź
 

̨֮ϣ
ѧԺɳĶʮλѧԱҲǸͬ
ܹѧԺ˵ǵ츳ʵǿԵģ
Ŀһ£ûеɻʾ֮ˣ
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ΪһѧԱﵽɻʾŲɵ۾ǿߣ
һѧԺ֮Уǲģ
ХɨһԼҲվλԺԺ˵ʮ˵ʵֱΪɻʾˡˡˡ۷ˣԼɵ۳˺ɵˣ
ɵҲУٷüʵ
Х˵ϲţţһЩţܹɻʾĲξսɵǿߣ
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һԵİҲЦԺ˵ĿûģɵӦܹصļˣ
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⼸ʵ֪ʵϾͨԼѡĶʮһεˣ
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ԼܹڶԺԺĻԼֶӵӰ죬Խ͵㣡
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תһλ꿴ȥȻһĺ
һλɬʵ꣬ùãӺڣ
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ССͣѾǴﵽɻʾ۷壡
ӺϲֻԼ֪ӺΪ첻ƣ
ȣͬս͵ͣ
ǸħȣͬƺҲռƣ
ҲΪʲô׵ʧȥϣһԭ
ӺӺȥսһΪսʦʦ㣡
ǣùã
ӺδʽѧѧԺټҲ֪֮Ĺϵ
ԣӺùҲû̫˵£
ʥɽմ״ʵ˶ȥˣܶҲǼֲˣ
Ҫȡһóɼ
ӺὣУһλɻʾ۷ʦȥʱҲǴһ˿ڴı飡
ʮغϣ
ӺѾ飬ȻͬΪɻʾ۷ǿߣս֮˵սʵ̫ḻˣ
ӺһĻһ㣬ûоϴ
һ̣⺢ӵƺҲЩݻٵĸо
ϻģ
ӺܵһĻҲɫͨ죡
Ӻ֪ʵǱЩ̫ˣ
ţѲɱ˾Ͳ
ܹѧԺģЩߺŵģһʡ͵ĵأ
ؼҵĳŹȻ˹Ŀ࿴wФڣ
ٷ·ǽӺ˳һ㣬ߵ̧ͷ




2831˾
 

Ӻʧζʲô
ʵĺܣΪܹõóֵҲֻӺһ˶ѣ
Ӻǵʱõѡ񣬿ѡ׼ҡҵţȻѡԼҵ˱һЩ
ѡ˰׼ҵλ꣬ʱĻǻ粻ѡأ
ӺӺҲѹȻʧˣԺѧԺ͵öʦʦ֪𣿡
ùãԲ𣡡
Ӻƺ֮УεҲһܣ
ٷƣᣡ
ԼĴһĻôһﵽʱ϶ǵôߵģ
ɲϣ飬֪ԼѾǳ׵ʧȥϣˣԾͿ˹ҧˣ
ѵүǳϢ
׿ӺҲߵһĸǰ˵֣
ʵײҪ̼ӺһӦҫĺˣڸؼҵĹϵô
ЩһζȰʵûκεôģ
˭
Ӻԭɥһ׵Ļһεıúս
ңôˣ׿Ӻ
ԭ㣡
Ӻһ׵ʱɫͱˣ
ΪӺ֮ǰΪԼĹùõһ϶ѡԼġ
Ǽħ֮⣬Ӻԭǲκ˷еģ
ǽأ
ԼĹùþȻһѡһѲһԼǿ
ܣԲܣ
׶ӺˣףʲôӺʧܣҲΪŶӡأûκεĹףѲֻˣƤ𣿡
ߣùã治֪Ϊʲôһѡ
ӺƺԼй׵ϣĲ֪Ӧôй
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ӺһЩˣŵĻĻĳϳˣ
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Ҳ̫һɣԼڰǼҵˣȻҪԼܣ
椳츳һЩʵǹǺĽ
һ׸Լգ۾ɫһ䣡
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ŭһǸǸҵˣһġ
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Ӻԭܵĺܣھôһ̼·Ѱҵһµķһ㣡
׿һӺܴҸǰߺҲ٣
Ӻ˿ȼܶ־޲ھͻȥ
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ٷ翴wФŵģ֮Ҳһļ
һԵİͺɫ൱ѿ
Ϊ֪һwФɹɵ۳ڵλѧԱĻôڶԺԺ˵ǰ϶ٷˣ
໣
wФֱӱóԼռ̬һצѾǳ֮УԵޱȵϺ𺳣
ܶ˵һļצǾ֮̾ڶ
ٷǲҪ㣡
ߣҲЩƵĿwФ
ǿȷҪ˵ģԼڶԺԺԵˡ
İɣԺ֮λֲģNɪNɪأЦŵ
㡭˵ʲôףҲһɵʵ
ûʲô΢΢һЦ
ղ˵ٷ粻ܶԺ֮λΪʲôô˵Ѳðͺл᣿
ڱƣֻǵ׵ĻʱҲǱܵʵ
Ϊ׻ʲôĻϢأ
׿˶ûлᣡ
㵽ʲô˼ƵĿʵһ˵оЩ߶߶ġ
׿ٺһЦй¶
ߣŪ飡ЦһΪܹñԺע⵽㲻ɣһҸõడ
wФʤ
ǺŵʱһѾ£
һ£ƺļĵһҲҪˣ
ΪwФǿ˸оһ




2832鷳һ
 

wФ
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ɻʾ۷ǿսʤɵǿߣ⺬ûɻʾ۷ǿսʤɵǿĸˣ
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wФĳɼܹ֤ڲ֮ˣ
οǿҪй˵
ٷڶԺԺλüǰ϶ˣ
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ǳļ򵥣
һҪľǵڶԺԺѡٷѾǰεͷ
ôսɻʾѧԱѾûκεˣ
תīʵī𣿡
īҲν˵׸ԺսɹҲսʤwФдʵһ߲࣡
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һԵĺҲͲ۹ãˣ
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һﻹ̫찡յĽûгͳԼ
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׿ЩʱҲһЩǣ
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ˣӺҪˣ
׾ܲס̼ĸȥ
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ΪıԣХֹĻȨģ
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Щ˺Ķûܵʹ
ɵĳȥĻôٷǱߵˣ˵Ǿһ
ѲҪָٷŹףһͼӴף
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ӺǴŻֱӴף˿
ɫѿ˼㣬ⶪ˻ӶĲ
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ٷ㡭ôߣ
Ӷˣ֪ԼȥҲǶˣ粻ɣ
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鷳һã⵲ŵôȥ
״Ӻ˳Сȴһ㳡ȴ




2833³ˮĳ
 

˾㵵Ŀ⣡
״Ӻ˳ֻһܿһĺЦ
һǲǲҪ˰ʵҲҳ
ÿѧԺôҪģһ
һﲡĻᰡµģ
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һ˿׵ӣҲǺôЦ
Ҫ֪wФѾѧԺ˵ģ
ţǿǾϵģ
ټ˿wФʵѾǾû˵ˡ
û뵽ԭΪٷӪ϶ҪӮʱȴô۶ӣ
ڴ˿Ҳסˣ
ԭһѣҸؼҲǲԸ
û뵽Ӫ֮УȻ˸ôҪĳ

ٷ粢Ƿŭһ˿ļ
ΪһﲻǸԼֶӲ˵Ǹ
ԭ׵ѾΪѧԺѧҪնɱ˷ǳѣ
һǾͲһˣ
ÿһļʱ򣬶һЩˣһӦҲ⣡
ϾɱЩʱҪֹ
һԵİͺҲüŲԶ΢΢ҡͷ׸ʲôѡôҲˣȻô֣
㿴ı֪ˣҲû뵽Сôס̼
Ҳ¶һ˿ЦݣȻǵĿѾǱ˹ȥ
ߣٷһҲһ飡Цһ
̾һһٷ£ûٷͲûЦ˰
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֮ǰӦᵽһٷֶӲ׵˵ģ
Ŷֲãһٷ˵ڶԺԺԺǵĲɾԽԽ˰
źҲǵ
ͷԺֻԺ˵˰ǻİ취ɣ
ҲĿ⳯׵Ͽ˹ȥʵǶͻȻֵĽҲûκεĸо
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˿ҲǾ㵵ĺϲ£죬ʿˮ磬ҪսwФ
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Ҳ԰ûԸҿһǱٷİɣ
ЩӲ˵ֻ񴺮ŵģҲЩԲ׼ˣ
ȻʵЩ˼飡
񴺮ЦŵȽ֮󣬸ȥʱʲô֪ˣ
磬ʶʵ
񴺮ЦŵҪȻΪ۹ôĶô
񴺮ʱ򣬹㳡֮ϵѾɫһƬ
׾ȻվˣһҪսwФ
һֱҩɾȣ֮ǰԲѵ˵ٷ᲻Ժ֮λȻ֮Աǣȴû̫
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ԭΪױ֮ӺҪܶܶ࣬һоǱһ㣡
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ԺˣҪʲôܲ˵Լ׽İɣ
˿̵ĺ޲ǰԼѿ²̨ļһ
һˣ˵ĲԼԼؼҡ
οһԼ׽ܹģһһ֪
һһԼ׺ѵĶǿô죿
ʱԼĸ׿»ὫֱӰԼͷҲ˵ɣ
ХѧԱȨѡ񲻲μӣԼվģǱûκε˻ȥˡĪظԺΪѧԺļͬϷɣ
ǣԺˣݺݵĵһףȻ
ХޱĿףֻ֮˸һ˿ĺɣ
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СӰɡЦŵ
սңһĺܲңҲս壿wФЦһ
ʼɣ
׿wФСӦѾ֪ıʣ
һֱԣҲϰˣ




2834¾ôˣ
 

㳡̨
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ŵ˲ٵĺôwФĿֻһǱնɱСӣ
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Ϊƺо˵ĶԻ
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wФѹҲţǴѵĻôĲ̫֣
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׳֮ķwФ״˿Ѿǳ˹
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һԵİͺһԵһȦĿǰľ
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ܸоʲô鲻Ծ
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ҲЦŵǻû˰ɣ
ٷһĻҲǼ˵wФǲˣ
ԺˣwФ˵ûеٷЦݳŵˣ




2835´۾
 

wФһһʯӽƽĺ֮У
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ףʤ
Х֮ʣԱߵһλѾǺ˳
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wФҲǳ˸м֮飬ڵĺҪ֪һеô£
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wФ΢΢һЦ˵ʵһҲһ㲻ԩ
ѲΪԼܹɵĹλʶܹܻ֮ˣ
֪η
ٷ֪׵ʵݣһﶼܹѪ˰ɣ
úúãƣٷ˵
һʵЩﲻסˣΪһŮˣĺǷǳǿ
wФףʵЩ̲סʵף⡭һеô°
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wФΪʲôͺúõͶأ
£˵
һתһεĿʼԼĿڲűݡ




2836µڶԺԺ
 

ѧԺ㳡֮ǰ
Х˶ǿףֻǴ˿֪ʵݵ˲Ǻܶ࣡
Ѵ֮ؼҵΪ˵ڶԺԺ
⼸ǰԤһʥ
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ô°
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ҲһֻҪû¾ˣ
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ХҲ¶һ˿ŭХŭٷҲؿ
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Ȼʲô֮٣Ͼ¼ҵʵҲǷǳ
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ֻԽٷƺͶ׵ŭһ֣
ڿŵľŪһˣ
˿̵׸Х˳¼ҵĸۡȥ




2837²Ӳӥ
 

ʥɽ¼ң
Ϊʥɽʮ֮һ¼ʥɽĵλҲǳȻģ
ټΪ¼峤Х¼ҵ֮ˣҲѧԺĸԺ
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Ҳ˵ģ³ܲܶԸ˵أ
ʲô׼һħ֮ĳˣ
׼޵֪ħҲǲ׽ӰѡıûħҲ̤ƽħ壡
װ©һԵֻ۾涼Сģ
ˣеǸˣ
ΪУ
ˣӢţ۷ģ
ļ˵ʵһ˻ǿۣ
Ȼ˻ֻܹ޸ǲˣܻԼģ
ǵжһΣ߿˵һӢΣ
׵ⷬģǲӢ
ħʲôˣǵжôǿһ֪ܲ
ǰף˼۾գһ£ֱ˵Ҫħ壡
ͳţø˾Ǻаȫе֣
Хڵ׶һǲв
һССĶ۳ĵ۾ȻſڱտڵľҪ˵ħ壡
˭
Ѳڵ˵֪
ֵ۹ȻǺ죬ֵֻӦ֪ħ۾ᱱʵǿɼһߣֵ֪ʲô˵һأ
Х˿Ҳʵ
һʱ䣬¼ҵƺҲЩ仯ˣʵ˶֮Ҫ̽Էĵϸ
ֻХ׻һͷβķһ㣡
ԣ֮꣬ħޱ֮峤Բ޵Ļ˵ȥĻûвʵֵģ
ǿĿХҲڵ
Ȱ֮һ˻˵
һ͸˵ҷǳĺᣡ
ֵô˵ôܹ¼ҳʵվأ
ХףʵǺΪʲôôţ
峤ǲӲӥ峤Ҫʲôĵſ޺أ
׿ХѾû֮ǰĿˣ




2838׵ĵ
 

ģ
֪Х̽Լĵϸ
׸֪Լ͸Լĵô¼ҵĺ¾ʹսˣ
ⲻԸ⿴ģ˵ʵʥɽܹ׿۵ļҲô
¼֮һټ񴺮ԼĹϵ
Ҳų⣬һ򲽽ХĵʱϷˣԼĻҲûа취Ըһﲻǣ
ԣ׵еǳ㣡
񴺮ŵĿԼĸףΪʵ򵥵ļ仰֮о˻ҩζ
˵֮ǰ˸һˮƽϵĻôڵѾΪ׿ԺԼĸƽƽˣ
ХĶ˲յһڵֵۣӦ֪ʥɽ׼ҵʵǰѳʥɽôʱ䣬Ҳûеġ֮ǰ񴺮˵ֵ׼ƺЩìܣ
׼ץ޵Ůˣ׵˵
ֵӦ֪׼ҿɲǺǵģΪһŮ˶׼ԣȻʲôǵľٶ
ХףҲüʵ
ΪһŮˣҪɽǿ忪սȻЩ̫ˣ
׿Х޵Ůˣֻһ³
ֵԣĳԸţɾ֪۳ܹõóֵսҲֵֻһ˶ѡѲֵΪԼѾǿһ֮߸ʥɽĵزô
ХĲ֪Ϊʲô˵ôĺᣡ
ʱ֧ôţأ
Хھ̽ףĿԼΪȷ
Ȼ̸Ǿ˵п׺ġ
׿Х˵һ֮߸ʥɽҲǲܣֻ޻ҪһЩʱѡ峤ѲΪĳֻЩʵ
ŶԸ꣡
ХʵھҪ˵˵ʲô
׿Х΢΢һЦؼңѾΪ޵ĺߡ
ؼң⡭ƺ̫ܰɣֵۣؼҺô֪ܲأ
ХɵĿףоЩ̫ܣ
֪ƭԼƺҲûǸҪ
׹һЦЩȻ֪ԽԽˣ峤ӦҲ֣Ϊʲôһѡޣ
ĳûͨХͷ
׿Хʵܼ򵥣ΪĸҫдһױƼ޽ѧԺֻ޵òһЩıѣһ˲ʶޣ
Ըҹֱ֪ؼֵ۵ĹϵҲߺŰɣХЦʵ
ϾƼȻ֮ǰһֱûɿڣ˶ʮλѡĻᣬȻҲ׵˼ˡοӦ֪޵ҵˣٶӦڱıްɣ
ʵҲ˼Ͷ֮ұ֮
ôΪһؼҵʵҲΪľٶһر
ֲֵЩֻؼȻʵǿڰ׼ҡҺͺЩϴѹ֮£Ǹ
Хף˵Ҳʵ
ؼҵļҲһ㶣ҫҫһֵһֱʥɽ
ͻȻֵϣп϶Լ֪һЩ
ûиЩ֮ǰХǷǳıأ
׿Х˵峤Ҫĵ
ֵۣ֣Ӧ֪һѡˣǾûлͷ·ġûһϵİգ¼ԸһҰ׵ļ壡
ХҲʵʵ˵
ûʮİյĻԸ¼һֱôȥ
ţ
κεطʵõģ
̾һȻ峤˵ˣôǲ峤һЩĵĻԼЩⲻȥˣ
ֵ˵ЦˡʵĳֵҲǷǳĸȤֵܹһսµĻ¼ҲԸʥɽ֮ڣ˰ڲ
Х֮дһ˿ڴ
Ϊһλǿߣ˭Ը˲Լļϳưأ
⵹׼ң
Х֪ԲԼһôģҡ˭룿
ֻ湲ͬѾγɣʱǵ˻βƵġ
οǵԴʵѾռ˴ɽԴ
¼һȲ˭Ը⿴˵ľأ
峤Ӧÿó֮ǰѧԺĹ㳡֮ϲδ˵ʵҲǾwФĸ磡
׿Х΢΢һЦ
ǰʵҲоƺЩԾֻԸҲ֪Ǿ޿Ͷġ⵽ǡ
ХҲЩ㵵Ŀףἰ£Ӧָ
壬޵ƿ֮У⹻峤
һ仰ֱ¼ҵ˲ʯ




2839¼ѡ
 

Х鷿֮У
ԵЩƣ֮ƺһ˿֮ɫ
Хԭһֱŵľ׿϶һЩģ
Ҳ˵ģʥɽ׼ҵĶԿǱҪܴ
׼۳һȻ۳޴󣬿ʵȴһ㣡
׼Ȼط󣬿ʵȴ۳ֹ
νʵǿЩײʵ֮ˣǿĶս
ΣЩͨɵ۾ǿߣǵҲݽһ㣡
ɽĴ½ÿ½žԵǿߣ
˵御ƿ֮УХôܲأ
ƿ壡
ʲôХýֺͷ붼֪ˣ
ĿĻôʵÿֲˣ
ǣХûյʲô
ѲʲôֶͨΣϢ֮У
˵֮ǰؼҵĺХÿԼĻô˵ĻХܣ
࣡
ХȼĳǿߣҲǱ⻰ҲŪЩ̫Ӧˣ
һԵ񴺮Ŀ׵ֵ۹Ȼû뵽嶼շˣ
񴺮濴ȥһЩʵѾǼԸӣ
Լûи˰׵ʵԽǿǶ¼˵Խã
񴺮Լ׵ƿأ
ȻĻǲ˳ܵĺˣ
ֻ񴺮ԭҪ˵ԼĸѶȺܴʱôҲû뵽ԼѾ˼£
ƿ壬ʲôʵ
һʱ䲻Լλ˵һʲôĲΰ
һԼĸ˵ļü磬ȻҲܳݶ۾ɡƺЩ̫ܰɣ
ֵۣҲΪƿ岻̫ܣХ׳
׵ȻһЦҲŭȻ峤ޣ˵ʲôҲͽ͡Ͷ࣬ˣ
һ¼ңܹȻã
ǲԸҲԲǿ
Хһ㶣Щε˵ֵĳֻǾá
峤˵ˣ޴Ӳǿ鵽Ϊֹ
׿˿Х̬Ѿ˸ת䣡
һԵ񴺮Լĸ׵״ˣֵ۳ʵ⣬ҶֵԷ飬ôͲأ
񴺮Ϊǲֵֻۣ⡭ʵЩ߸ҵȵ˼ά
ХҲǿЦһ˵ʵ̫ˣ
ǰŮø״Լǣ֮ǿ֮ħ˶ݵʱҪշ壬췽ҹ̷ֵʵǿᣬݺĺǡ
ҲվһԵĽǶ⡣
ʲôζûУ̸ʲô״ˣΪֵ۸ƭˣѲ֮ǰwФΪʲôͻȻͶ𣿡
񴺮Щˣ֪Լĸ׸ַĻôмʵ̫ˡ
ֵ۵Ŀ˰׼ңХһε¶΢Цʵ
׵˵һͳɽ磡
ۣ
ԭХΪĿΪ˰׼ңĿѾǹΰˣ
û뵽ѯ֮ȴԼǵ͹һ
һͳɽ磿⡭ôܣоԼЩת
ǻѧԺԴ׵ʱǰλֵۣ˼Ѿˣ
˵Ⱥ飬˲Щڻĸо
޸˵Ķ˵ˣ峤Ϊ޲ʣҲ޹֣״˿Ѿû֮ǰֿס
ȻȥãֻҪ̲͵˶óλ۾Ѿܲͷˣ
ֵͷΣХڽĻǾЩˣХֱתȻʵԥ˼֮¼붫۳빲ͬˣ
峤ΪԼѡеҵģ¶һ˿ϵЦݣ
ʵóХӦûûȫԼĻ
֪Щϲģ
ХӦþˣʥɽˮһ̶һֱɰ׼Һҵȼƣ
¼Ҫռͷ˵Ҫһ鲻Сĵ⣬Ǽǲ̫ܵġ
ԣ¼ҪõԴǾͱҪ辶
Х׺øһ׵˺ǵɱ
ֻ˵ô࣬ХѾ˼飡
˵ĻпģԣȴӦ˺۾ղǣ
죡
Լ֣ͬʱХҲԼ֣˻Ϊˣ
񴺮ƺҲһϾҪˣ˭ûкôģ
峤Ϫʶ
ף֮׺Ȼ俪Хʵ




2840°ϪϢ
 

ϪֵҲ֪Ϫ
ХףҲüʵ
һԵ񴺮Լĸ׵״ˣûиʵϰ׼ץǸŮӰϪֵ۵Ůˣ
Ϫֵ۵Ůˣֲ֮ǰֵ˵ԼŮ˱׼ץĳѰ˼׼Ϊʲôö˶˵ץֵ۵Ůأ
ХЩȻ˵ʵϪݣ֪֮٣
׿Х峤֪Ӧòˣ
˵ʵĳ֪Ҳ࣡Х΢΢ҡͷ
һԵˣЩƵʵϪ˭˵ʲô׼ƺûôɣ
Ϫ걻ץ
֪ʵ࣬鱻ĺϣ
׼ƺñ飬˿־׼ңǼ֪Ҳǲۣ
ἰХȻ˵飡
ХԼŮ㲻֪ҲǺõģֵ۵ķӦǴ֮е֮ɣ
⡭ʣ㵵ʵ
׵ͷȻʵϪȷ֮壬峤Ƿ֪Ϫǻ
ţ
ХƶĿ׵Ϊ׼ҶŮ˵ӳ̶Ѿˣ
ȷôʵ
ХͷȷҰϪڰ׼ҵ֮ܲǰܹĴڣ
ڰ׼ܲ׼ҾͲ֮巢𣿡ʵ
׼ӦʲôĴʩˣ֮һ·ҲǺ赲ˣ
Х̾һ
ЩĿʵֵۣΪһŮҪ׼Ҷ𣿡
ŮˣվŮˣ
ǿĽǶȸǲһģ
ڣХѰ죬ϾΪһ޾ȵ֮׼ҳ׾ѣ
Ȼʲô֮٣
ôˣХҲֻܹ׵
Ͳôˣһ뵽ľȻ
һˣΪһŮ˸ΪУͳһҪˣ
ХԼŮ׵ӣҲ΢΢һ̾
׿޵Ůκ˶ã
ð˵
ݸһЦתХ峤޴ҪΪ׼ҵʵ׼̽һϪ䣡ѧԺ޵һͻƿڣϣ峤ܹ
ֵ۷ģڶԺԭҵĹϽΧ֮ڣֻҪ̫Ļһһǿ԰ƽģֻǡ
ХףЩֹ˵
ֻʲô׿Хʵ
ХֻһҾ޿ưոݣֵۻСΪϾֵֻǰ
˿뼴ɣȵҷӦ޿ҲȥˣЦŵ
һ׾Ϊìܺͳͻ
׼Һƺһ飬׵ĿľҪˣ
ãֻҪֵаգĳȻȫϣ
ХףҲЦŵ
¼ҺͶ۳ˣȻӦšһ
׿Х峤֣峤ɱ£޴˷ǰֻǴ̽ʵѣݱ¶峤Ҳκιϵ
ֵۣ⡭
ХЩƵĿף׵׺«ʲôҩ
񴺮һҲǵǵ˵ֵۣΣǿ˵ã
ǰֵۣϾʥɽĳ˵ЩôģХҲһԵ
װڰֵ䲻⹥䲻޺ߣаšܸ׼һνҲֵ𣿡
ֵԼǣ
ХҲòϣʵ޶ȵıǣ
ԭΪֻҪǣڿХ֮һ˿ĸж
ĺߣʵĺߣ
һνˣֻǻöѲ
׿˺˵ޱѧԺˣԺʥɽ峤ѾԻ
ĳҲôһ죬Ҷ˵ʥɽۣ֮ѾԻ
ХЦ˼ôˣƺδôһ˵ģ
ף
ĵ۳۾ȻԼλʥǿߴ˵ĿУ
ⲻòХһ˧ţ˸Լ
ҪߣҲǸŵֵۣҸһ߰ɡ
һ㶣漴ЦŵȻ˳·Ǳһˣ
ХԼŮ΢΢ͷȻ׵ĳ㲻ˡ
׺ѧԺķ˹ȥֻǽѧԺûж֮󣬱鷳£
죬ټϵ֮ˣѧԺôкӹأ
裬ʲô
һԼǰ裬Ҳüʵ




2841¼ʵõ
 

ѧԺһԺ
ԭҪײιһѧԺģ
֪ݵ˳Լĸ׺͸֮⣬ҲֻԼˣ
Ҳ֪ʱԲܹ¶׵ݣ
ǷǳСĽģ
ֻǾ׼ײμѧԺһԺʱһ˵ļһֳˣ
裡
ҵĵϵҲԼĿ׷֮һ
ԭͲ̫ðԣˣ
ֻҲ֪һο²ǳԼģ
û뵽Ȼôɣˣ
ٷȻ˵ŻѾֱĿˡ
裬ʲôѧԺѲҪﶯֲɣ
ֲɵӣͻȻ־ԲżȻ
֮ǰ׵֣϶ǽҳ׵ĸˣ
ͻȻ֣Լôӵܣ˵һ飡
Ҫһ֮ǰ˵ĳӣ
ǲ׵İΣҲ֪ʱҪ¶Լ
ҸСӵ飬ѲҪֲɣ
迴ɫҲЩѿ˵
ȻϲڴǴǰȻҪվڼһߵģ
ԼĴٷ֮ǰֿɵõĵڶԺԺȻôСӸƻˣ
СӾȻԼİŮһ
ԼܷŹǰһģ
ǵҵȷܲţΪʦ㣬ѧʦܱ۸ҲҪ˵İɣ
Ӧ֪Сӵʲô뿪ҿԱ֤ûκεĹϵ
ǷǳĵģҲΪ֮Ĺϵ
裬ǸʲôأѧԺ
Χ׺ʱ򣬲Զ˼Żӣȥһޱȣ

Ҳʶһģ֮ǰڶ۳ʱһﲻҲڵ
ҵĶٺһںҵλ൱ĸߵġ
û뵽СӾȻҲһţ
ҵ飬ƺûʲôϵɣ迴źĵҲһ
е֣߱ƺʲô鶼̫˳
ԼĴ׵Ժ֮λҲ䵽ؼң
Ҷ˰
ôˣܺ
ԭһ嶯֮ˣȻٷʱĿƣ
ƣ
ֵûп֣
¡Һڣ붯һָͷһЦ
˵⺫ȷҪҪ㲻٣
Ů࣡
ŵԵŮȦʵٵġ
ڣ츳ڣȻǺܶǵĶˣ
㻹ǲҪѾˣ㻹ΪԴף
ɫһ䣬һֱԼʵҲƢģ
ֻҽһҲûа취
ЩƲסˣ
һֱߣѲԼҪڰ׵ļһ
ɵȲ
ټϺһȻңŭѣ
ŮӺϣο֮ĹϵƺҲİɣ
ʵҲ֪׵ļһ˭
ȻҲûеõڶԺԺλãǾԲôܻ
ߣպģҪôҪôǸȥ
迴ź˵
һЦ裬Ӧ֪ѧԺĹأڹȻսѧԺĹô
ΪңΣֵıųȥ
֮һ˿ζ棡
üǺαأȻôִţƺЩͨˣһ㣬˺
İɣֻǸֵдһ¶ѣ㵽ΪֹҲĶְŪģһúúһأ
Ŀ֮дһ˿̵ζ
ʵɵ֮ͥնɱˣǾɵӵΪ
ǣ⺫ҵҲǺҵ˰
һֱûпڣֻ֮֮г˻ҩζ
˭Ҳû뵽һȻͬʱ˺Һ֮ˣ
ǵ棬һ㶼Ҳסˡ
㡭˵ʲôŭһҺẦ
㲻Ҫһ¡һˣҲǰһ
⺫ԸҲ֪һģ
һ߰ԸԲԼĶ䡣
׵ļһǺ˽⺫һ㣬һ仰ֱӴ˺ߣ
ȻҶٺңԼϲŮ˶ںǾÿɣҲӵ¹
ЦʵѾǿˣһѾڱߵıԵˣ
ƣ
ЩʱȻȴǳã




2842ìת
 


һ׻֪һģֻ˿ôҲû뵽ԷԼ˾װɣ
ڶ۳׶һûô
Ȼˣ׶ںԸЩ˽ģôϲԸ԰
ˣܲ˵ʲô
ʵܲ˵ıǱ˶ǵһֲϿɣ˵̼

ΪҵĶ٣Ȼһ㣬ƽ˭ǰ㼥
ˣҲ˼ɣ
ѧԺҲûм˸ҶǺҵ˲ɣ
ԣʵϾһ泤Ļ䣬Ȼȥվûʲô飡
׽һ򵥵ƣû뵽⺫Ȼϵˣ
һ㲻ӵ¹仰
Ȼ
ںĶУ仰ѧԺ֪ˣԼ˳Ц˶ˣ
˵ˣʵʼһֱ֣
迴źӣҲ֪ãźôʱأ
˿̶ݺݵĿףһﻹ
Ȼʱ֮Ĺϵ⵽мӰ
һҸߣԺһᲹϣ
֪϶߲˵ģ
˵׾ǲҲǸ˲У
ʥɽһҵǲ٣Ҳ߰˰ˣ
費ܺˣ֪һڱ״ȥԵʵ̫ˡ
Ŀ׵Сӣ˵һ飿˵˭˭
迴źԼҲǰһ䣡
׿ź˵ٻǻ˵Цһ֪飬ѲɻҪ˵𣿡
˼ǱٺһˣѾɫһƬ
ǶԵİɣܺ˲¶࣬ҵҲ˵أǽ첻֪˭뿪˰
ɱˣ
ЩʱַЩһ٣
֪ڿʲô֮٣
ҪֶΣεֶΣ
׼ҡҺͺ⼸ϵȥǳĲôھҪ취ˣ
ţûκһƲ˵ģ
迴ŭһСӣʱȻ뺫ҵĹϵǲҪˣ
һԿ㣬Ҳǵ׵ĸǰ裬Ǵ˶۸ˣ
СӵʲôõģֵôȥһԺ֣
迴Ҳ֣µ˵
üһߣ֮˶ôҪ𣿡
㡭㲻ҪΪҲҶô
ҲЩˣһֱֹҲĺܡ
裬Ȼڣ߰ɣ
ԥһ֮ڶ
ѾǲǸɵñıһת
һо⺫Ǹɵӣ
һߣҲŭһôΣĻͽвɵˣ˵ÿҾÿҲɶȻҵô˵вˣڻ˲ð
ֵһҪµģ
˿Ҳøôķϻˡ
ʵڲеĻǾֻжˣ
ʱŪ˳ȥҲˣС鷢Ļ
Ϊʲôôţ棿
ΪҺ
ʱŪĻǿ϶Ҫùġ
⵹ùҲһɣôˣ϶Ըģ߱ԸĲǣ
ֵ²ҹܲţɽҪǸҶһëĻǿɲҪҺˣ
վĸǰڱ״̼Щﻢˣ
ΣЩʱʲôҪҪ
ˣɱû㣬ĴֵĻǾǸҹȥˡ
ͺĸˣ
ҲóƺĵҪվļһˣ
Ȼ֪˵ʲôϵ
⺫ôоͷ϶һƬԭɫ
˻ɵĸ˵ǹʹ趼Ϊһеһı
ȴô룬оԼôȫһϣ
˿̣֮ĶԿµһ״̬
裬ĸ߷ϻˣҪôҪôս˵
źҧصúúãûӵ⣬浱㲻ɣ־ս̨Ӳ
ŭ죬֪Ҫ׵鷳ʱǲ
ֻһ뵽ΪɵȱҲһ
ԣͳѵһⲻ֪ߵغļһˡ




2843״
 

׺һۣ
ƺӶԷ֮жһЩ˼
ԭֻΪڿӦǹΪ֮
Һͺңǿɶǰ׼ҵĹӣ
֮ľǲ˵ˣ
˵׼Һһ˵׼Һͺ֮ĹϵĻôѶȻЩģ
Ϊʲô
ΪһǺңʵ϶԰׼Ҷ˼ɵģ
ҺͺǵĹ˼ɾٺܶˣ
Ϊ֮˵Ĺϵ˽¾ûоˡ
ЩʱΪ棬ǵľ±ȱ˻ҪһЩ
ԭǲʲôϸģ⺫ʵ̫ԸһЩ
ڼϺôı˸ǹʹˣƲѣ
һûõڶԺԺѾǹ˵ˣû뵽˱ʱ򣬾ȻǺҳ£
ǿ벻̣
ҲǶ򵨱Ǵ˭˭
ȻҲҪҹȥĻôѵһСӣҲǲˬģ
ʵȻܲʵҲûеô
ѧԺ涼ŵϺŵ֣֮սҲ˺ܶ˵Ŀ⣡
Һͺôָ˰ְ
Թźնˮ¼ҵǱߣҲͲˣ
ǰοվǸ׵СӵһߣⲻŹأ
ְ⺫ҺˣǾ̫ˣ
ʵܶҲˣ⺫Ǳ˸ǹˣ
ɵ˲ôΪ˾˵˺ܹôأ
ս̨ƾҲ䣿
ЩмĿ裬ƺһ
֮һ˿Ĺâ㲻Ҫ̫Լ£ЩҲһֱѣ
谡裬㻹Լ˰ңҪã
ŭһ˵ޱȣ
ЩдʮΣһβܣ
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Ļˣ
ʿɱ谡
ˣ
ߣ챾پ㿴ʲôʵɱֱû㣬Ϊ֮
迴źҲŭĿԲ˵
Ϊ֮仰Ӧ͸ŶԣȻôţ棬ǸҲ״
ƵĿ裬ʵҲ˵ģ
ں˵ҺȻҲûеˮݵĵز
ʵЩ££ôòأ
ǰԨҲֱǰ
Ϊʲô
ΪѾһˣԲںǰٶһˣ
̫
д޾ŭо˵һɵȱǶԲɵȱॸˣ
ղ㲻ͦţôˣ
ûʶ˿̵ŭѾǴﵽһʲôĵز
ôˬô⼸仰˵꣬оǾ
ţīź򣡡
ŭģ˵ʵӡ
Ϊһǩ̨Ǻܶûа취ˡ
Ȼ˵̨һҪľʵѾ̫һˡ
״
дԼֱ֮ǩԼĴȻӸ˺
ȻҲסˣʱҲû·ˣ
Լ˵ģǼȻˣô˳أ
˵ݱȾ棬Ϊӣ
ף
˿ѾǱ˹עĶˣ˵Ĺע㶼Һͺҵϣ
󳬼֮ǽĿ㣡
Ǹ׵СӣȻһֱţɸ֮ˣվǸ
һܶѾγ˹ʶˣ
Ⱥս̨ķӿ׵ҲĨһ˿Ц⣡
ֹ֡ӣǹģں棬ǵԵͥŲ
׿ЦŵҲñԸаǺǡ⺫ٵͦϵġ
ȷرҪӣֹֻôܿͻᱻ˸ʶƵİ
֪Ϊʲô֪ôȥ
ЦŵЩȻˣȻҪ˵ģ𣿡
ֹ˼ǡ
ЩԵʵȻЩĲµʲôʶʵ
׿ԶѾǵ̨ˣҲǷЦһͻȻôˣûô
ǡҿӾͽˣ׵ܿ˲ɵӣô׵أ̨ΪӶŪһͷѡ
ڴ죡
׵һЦĿѾϡ




2844Ϸˣ
 

ս̨
νս̨ʵѧԺΪѧǽì֮
֮ƢìҲ࣡
һ;ȻʵҲһܺõ⡣
ڼսֻ̨Ҫɱ˻߷˱ˣûµģ
ôܶҲѭһԭ
Щս̨ΪҫһԼʵЩΪ˳һЩΪԼʵս飡
ֻҪս̨ģǻ϶ԼĿĵģ
ս̨Ϊ֣һͨģһֱģ
ʲô
ʵ˽֪Ǳ̨
̨ҲѧԺһɫγ̨ǳϿ
ȵһǱ˫ҪԸǩ״ֻҪһǩԼ̨㲻
ѧԺѧԱǷǳϹصģ
ֻҪһѧԺѧһܵѧԺǿ󱣻
ڶ㣬ǱǩԼ״ʵ಻ܳһΣ
ٸӣɻʾ֮˺ɻʾ֮ǩ״ǿԵģǸ۷ǩԼǾͲˣ
㣬ǩԼ֮˱ҪѧԺѧϰһǧϣ
Ҳ˵ЩˣǲʸǩԼ״
ѧԺôĶЩˣʵҲϣìܼȥ
ɽϾǿʳ磬Ը£ѧԺҲ̫ԸȥֹЩ飡
Ϊÿ˶ѡȨǿѡȻҲͿѡ
䣡
̨֮ϣ
ǳ൱Ļţǵ⽣Ӱò֣
ƺҲǷǳСĽֵʱȥǳĴ
̧֣ȴ£
ֹӣǸڳƤҿӦڵȴ֮˵ĵɣ
ƺҲЩΪ׿ʼż
ԭͺû̫ĺøУףȻվˡ
ѾǴĳĬˣ׺ǵ˵
ţҾ˵ǿ϶ῴֹӵƵģ
ͿɣҸһЩϾˣ׵ֿһ˿ײЦݵ
ЩĿɿڴĿף
֪׵ʵǿҲҪλ۾ôϢ֮˵ģ
֮
ϢķſԼһ̣˶оһ˿ı仯
ֱ仯һ˵·һֻӬһ㣬ʵûʲôо
ο˵עͺ˾춯صս֮УǸûκεĲ
׵ĸǰûиоʲôĸо

ⲻͬһĴڣȷǺ˲׽õ
ôףҪôģ
ѹҲû뵽һûпóôɵ۳֮ˣ
Զ̨֮ϣ
ѹЩȴҲƵķǳľ׼
һѵ˺һҲǿסԼƢ
˶ȴҲúƲѣ
ʱĺԽԽû뵽边ȻһֱԼĸǰԻ
СӾȻʵѾǳԽԼһˣ
ԸȻԸ⣡
һԼ۸ϰߵļһͻȻ֮Լͷϣ˭Ҳܲ˰
ɺ֪ʵѾԼ֮ˣҪһƴ

ں֮ʣЦԷǵһĻ̨֮ϣ
Զ̨֮ϣĿӾȻˣ

Ǻ˲ԼĴָ֮ó·ԼĻǿ»֪ʲôأ
գ֮Ĺۼ֮ôῴأ
ôЦ
Щ˿ǿֲ´ȱըԵôܴأ
˿̣ѾһƬ
Ȼʵǳͺ˵ϣ
裬ҵģ
ˣˣ
ɫ䣬˵ڳ֮˻ĵһμ⺫ŭ
֮ǰȫһ
ƺҲʶˣȻҲΪʲô
ΪûгĿӷ򹥻ôأ
Ѿˣǽͣʵǰ׳
ҡü
裬Ҳɱ㣬ĲΪˣ
ὣŭǽâƺѾǲЩ޷ˣ
о˺Ƿɱ⣬Ҳ˵һٶ㣬̫ôˣ
¡

Ѿײһڿռ֮бŷһĹâ
ݺᣬһƺҪնʣ
̨ȲбĽŪĶЩǽһƬ
ֻǾҪŭ֮ʣѾǲŵĿŶĺһƬն




2845±ߵ
 

ϯ̨
Ǿ˸оѾƴԼȫ
ܴ裡
κ˿¶ܲˣǰĺȻҲưոˣ
һû˻ỳɺľģ
ֻǽһĻȴѧԺŷһ󾪺֮
ƽⱻˣ
˿֮ѾǱ̴ģ˶ڵ
ﱻƣ
ζʲô˰ɣ
㶵ĿԼеķɽҲƵĺܣ
ΪʲôԼĽ̴ĵأⲻܣ
֮ǰԼԽˣˣ
ΪԼԲܰõʵԼ֮ϣһΪ˵ĺԼ֪
ƫƫֲܵͷҷ˵Ĺ죡
㡭
ͨ
ӾйƤһ㣬ֱ̱˵ϣ
֮еһĨն֮ɫΧ֮˸оһľ
̨
Ҳǲģ
һ˶ѣ׳Լʶһ˲䣬żɼΪǿʶƺڲ׽Լ
ǼʶȴϪ뺣һ㣬Ϣʧˣ
Ҫ׽׵ʶǼǲܵ顣
裬ҡ
ӣҲŵһ£ѿڶ˵
¡
ں֮ʣһǿʶѾѹǵŭ֮жܸоĳ
ٷ磡
λڶԺĸԺû뵽ԼԼܵܵ飬Ȼӣ
Ǹ׵ļһ󲻵ûг֣úҺ˱ĵ·
ڲ
ٷĻںԼûпԼܵܣҲڳǣ
Ҵ˿Ǻͺҳ׾ѵĻǶ˵Բʲô£
ʥɽҪλļʵ̫̫ˣ˭ϣ󳬼Ķ
Ϊһ̲ˮЩҪλļ˵ûκεã
ٷ磬ҼˣѲɻҪɱڲɣ
ٷŭҪɵʲôʱȴʱ򺫾Ѿǳ˵ĸǰ
ѧԺĸԺһ̳Ϊ˵Ľ㣡
ܵøһɣ
ٷһƺŬĵԼ״̬
ǺҪһ𣿼Ȼ̨Ǳɰ죡
ŭһȻվԼ֮˵ĸǰˣ
úúãǺҹȻ֣ԺɾͲҪˣ
ٷҲǷų˺ݻоڵʵ̫ˣ
ۣ
һѪ˵ĸǰʱ輸þҪҧǺһڣ
ʵѾǲĶˣ
ɫ
һֻԩĹһ㣬ԵôĲģ
ǵﱻƣȻǲܹ˴Ķ
裬ôˣ
ٷ뺫ʱȴѾǳ׵Ĺˣ
ĺף
ղŻŲһһ̳ΪǸˣ
һƬң
ٷʹıԼ۾̶̼ʱڣҾʲôһ㣡
ԼҵСֶӲ׵ѧԺı
ԼĵܵѧԺ̨
һٷоǳĲˬͱŤֲ֪ôһ£
ټԼ֮ǰĵڶԺԺλû
ٷԼھһô֮һ㣡
ٷ磬Ǻһһ
边Ȼˣʶԣ
ղٷᣬ˿ԵЩ԰ף
ٷһĿԼĵܵܣŭһڸ̸Ҹ㣬ӽ뺫Ʋߣ
ɫ֪ô£
ΪʲôͻȻǩԼ״Ϊʲôô߳ŭնɱ裿
Ҫ˵ûµĻºԼţ
ֻǺúȻƽʱЩĦôӲӲľǲܵģ
ٷ籧ʧѧԺҲĻβ
⺫ǳ²֮˰
ΪʲôҪնɱ裿֪ĺ
ֱӽԼסȻʵ
磬ҡҿһʱʧ֡ЩȷĿź
ƨʲôܣɵۼ֮ˣȻ˵ܣ֪һұؽͬˮʥɽ˶ſЦأ
Щɸֵ˵
ЩίĿź磬һĲ֪ô°ʵһֱʵҸĶ֣
˵һ飿㲻Ķ֣Ц˵ĻŵӦˣŭ
źƵ磬顭
ˣȻؼڰֵ¥׼֣ûôĹ߳㻹ǺúȥӦôɡ
˵ĶԻԭûɶȤҲüͷ
Ǹ׼йص飬ƺȤ




2846ºΪ֣
 

ٷȻȥ
һѧԺһѹֵϢ
֮˵ӵֻڵ֮УȴУ
ǺҪǾǵ˵ģ
Ϊʲô
Ϊô˶˺նɱĳ棬Ȼȶ˺
Ҫ˵Ļ˵˶ûʲô̫Ĵ
Ҫ˵ûĻǸƺҲմߣ
ʼٸңҺͺҷȴף
ƺ˭Ҳ벻ôһˣ
ҺͺҵĳͻѾǳ׵׵Ĵڣ
ֹӣһ̫˰ɣֻֻôģ
ЩƵĿףͷβƺûиоκεĶ
Ǻ˵裬ǶǱ˿ӵķǳȻ
Ϊ׸ղ˵һĻ»ĻΪǺ֮ĳͻأ
оԼߣоκεĲ֮
׿һЦŵ¹˵Цˣһûʲô̫ĹϵҲ˳ˮһѶѣ
˳ˮۣףüʵ
׿¹ղǺеİ׼ʲô˼֪ô
ֹӣνʵÿһʱһڽôʽľۻѣһ㶼֡
ЦŵƺҲİ
Ϊ¼ҵĴС㣬ʥɽЩ֪Ҳ߰˰ˡ
׵ͷʥɽҲûʲô
Ȼ˰ʵɽӸߵͶһģʽѣֻÿȦ淨вͬѣ
ʵһ㿴ҲǷǳ͸
׵ͷ¹а취ط
ֹӣէҪ뵽˵ʵеѶȰ
ףҲüͷ΢˵
Ȼʵǿվʥɽ֮ˣҪõʥɽϿɣ˵ʵͦѵģ
ʲôѶȣױ߱ʵ
׵ʵ˵⣬Щһ㶼Լμӵġμ֮ˣǿɶʥɽͷһЩ֮ˣֹʱ˱¶ԡ
˵׵ݵȷǿԲμӣ
ݲܹ¶ѧԺһѧѣ
ʥɽνͨ˼Ĵڣ
ôܹμľۻأ
ô˵ûа취ˣ
ʵҲ֪ԣȷǲģ
һһطγĳ̶ȦӣȦδڣȴһµ̬ȣ
ڵҺͺңͬˮ𣬿ɶԴ˵ʱǵ̬Ȼܹı֤һ£
ֹȥĻôûа취أЦŵΪֹӻǲҪȥĺá
Ǻǣ˾ϲ֣
ײǶʲôνȤҪһЩᣡ
ʥɽһ飬ܹ뿪֮ǰ췭ظĻǶԺƽʥɽҲһ̵治ǣ
ʵܼ򵥣ľۻ¼ҿ϶ģҽȥ϶ûģҽȥˣ»Ҫίһֹӡ
ЩһЦҲЩ˼˵
ʲô˼׿ӣҲɻʵ
ֹȥĻǡֻҪǡǸϵˡ
ɫһ˵ͷԼؿˣ
ǸϵʲôϵЩӣҲݸһЦ
ֹ֪ʡ
ŮӣƤû׵ĺ
޳ܵģҲѵ
ҲڿЦ˵¹ĺĳˣֻһ¹ĳǡ
ֹӲµģЩԸģ׵
һ㶵¹ĳʶãĳʵЩⲻȥ
ǲ˹ϵΪһЩóģֹô˵Ľ飿ƺЩϰɣ
Щ飬Ҳһ
ԼһŮ˶˵ˣһﵹǵűˣ
ѲԼ䲻ɣҲøԼһӰɣ
ãĳ㹧˰
Ц˼ҶںԼںʲôأ
ʵΨһںģ¾ԼʵЩ࣬ҸЩŮйĽˣ
״ӦҲ¶һ˿ЦݵǾ߰ɣʥɽֹҲǵһ¥ʥɽΪľ¥͵Ǹֹӽӷϴˡ
ΪѧԺĳŮ֮һ֪״ǿǲҪ鷳
Ȼ׸Ͳһ鷳ˣ




2847°꿋S
 

¥
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ɵǿԶǸŮӵʱǻôıϹϾ
꿋S
׼ҵС㣬Ҳǰ׼ҼȨŮ֮һ
꿋Sܹ׼һεľ֣ʵѾ˵ĵλ
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꿋S˳Щޱ׼ȥ
꿋S㡭
ڰ꿋S׼ȥʱѾ˽
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Ҳû뵽ں¥˰꿋Sߣ
꿋SһҲǻһıô˰˵һ𣿡
꿋S㣬ⲻ
Ȼ֪׸׼ҲԸ꿋SΪ˻Ƿǳõġ
ҲǶ˲£ο׸׼ҵìܣΪ׼ץ˼ҵŮˣ
СԽԽ˰ףλǡ
꿋SһԵףҲЩüʵ
꿋S㣬⡭λҡҵġ
Щܻӭ˵ţʵϣ꿋Sһϵ˵
һԵ׵Ǵ󷽷˵Сãףѣ
ѣļٵİ
꿋SҲһ㶣ΪƺЩͻȻ
ʵʥɽЩʯ֮˾ô࣬ⳬŵĵϵŮҲô࣡
¼峤ХŮǵλȻǲͬնˣ
ģºܶ˶һȢأ
Ļ£ʵҲǣźܶ˵ġ
Ͼϵ¼δƲ
ɬĵͷЦŵȻġ
㻹ǲһϲһεľۻл˰
꿋SһȻֿЦ
꿋S㣬ͱȡЦ˰˵ˣǶǳʵȥģôҹĹעأ
λǣôĺܰ
꿋SԭǴ¥ţƺôżˡ
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꿋SҲ֪ʵֻҪߣͻСĽĶˣ
ԣ꿋S˿̵ǶͻȻðѸȤˡ
˭ܹλѧԺʮŮ֮һķأ
ףѧԺ׿Ű꿋S˵
ŶǸҸڶԺԺ֮λ֮ˣ
꿋SȻûмף׵̵ʱʵѾǴʥɽ
˶֪ʥɽѧԺ飡
СˣĳûôװڰЦŵ
Ҹʱ˵εŰ裬ڿ㵹ǫĺֹ֪ӵôͷ
꿋Sһ䣬漴һǿѹѾǳ׵ķǵضȥ
꿋S㣬ʲô
һ꿋SӣҲǸϽס˰꿋Sʵ
ô͵С˰ҲǰϸѣСı˼Ҹƭ˲أ
꿋Sһ仰赭дĽղŵƪˣ
ǰλ꿋Sȣ˺ܶࡣ
׿Ű꿋SһЦСģ˴ƭԼˡףҲֻһСطѣֵһᡭ
ֹ˵ЦˣܹϵˣôôƽأֻǽҵĿɲǽôƢŶ
꿋SָĿףʵѾʲôˡ
׷ô࣬꿋S˭֪أ
СĻĳˣĳֻ֪һ仰˲Ҳˣ
׵ƵĿŰ꿋S⵹ԭûʲôȤİ꿋SȤ
ôһСһȻôԼ˵
עкϷˡ




2848׼׵Ц
 

׺Ű꿋S¥Ķ㣡
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ֻǲʶ׶ѣԼ׼ҵСԴȥ
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Сطģ
˵ղŵİ꿋SŵĻôڵЩˣ
ʥɽȻǲ̫һױ˵
꿋Sһֵֹӣ֪ʲôöóһ
ʲôö׿Ű꿋SЩƵʵ
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꿋S˿Ȼֿ˿¶һ˿Цݵ
ѽ
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꿋Sԭ׼һԼûû֮Ļ
ȻԼһ߸ϵ̬øһҲһβμľۻͶ˲ǣ
꿋SôҲû뵽һﻹǹԵģ
ް
Ȼ˵ԼóĶǲСӿ֪Լ˵Щʲô
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꿋S׵Щˣʲôʱôɵˣ
С˵ʲôأѲŮ̶ôĿ
꿋S㣬ȻϴŶأ۾ͲΪ·˲𣿺ٺ١ֵ˵
꿋Sһ̾ðֻһ£
Цŵûµ꿋S㣬ҪȻæҸתת
ţõģȥһ顭
꿋SĿһף֪һϿ϶Ϊʸ֮ģ
ֻԭôһ˿̿ȥǸɵһ㣡
עҲΪˡ
ЩϲҪΪԼŮ˵ĹӸɲ
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ԭһЦݵҲЩ
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ղҲѾ˵۵Ķܱǲġ׵ǵĺܣ
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Ȼôģô˵ҲǸϽҡҡͷ
ʱ
ﲻȺʼĳź¥ĶⲽһεľۻƺҲĻ




2849峤
 

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ڰĸ׽ˣŵλõǲô˵
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Ϊܶ˸ʶһǶڲʶҲû̫Ȥ
ʵܶ˶ǳһξۻĸ߳ģΪԴ
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׼һǰ꿋Sֵģһ˶ֲܹɣЩüʵ
ԭΪһʢĵԿһ׼ҵ峤ʲôʵ
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˵ǰ׼ҵ峤׼ҵ峤Ҳδܹõ
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ףȻ֪־Զ
Ҳ֪룬ʵʵ
Ҳ˵ģ׼ǷǳĿ£֪Ҳôĵ͵ɣ
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ԺҲǰ׼ҵĵϵɣǰ׼Ҹ峤֮ӡڰ׼ҵλҲĸߣһܹΪڶѧԺԺĻڰ׼ҵĵλпܾͳλСˡ
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ðɣҲǹĵģЩ룡
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꿋S
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ôˣ㲻Ƕҵ˲ðЦʵ
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ԫƺҲЩ֮飡
磬Сӣ
ԫʱȴһԵٷƺҲǷף
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⺫趯֣ǻĹֲһ
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һҪʲôöĻǵʱɲһżġ
ԣֻҪЩǰǱȻɾԵĵϵǰ
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ԫÿһƺΧ˸оһѹ
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ԫʵȷ˹Ŀ࿴
峤ԫĵҲ΢΢Щš
ȻҲ֪ԫĳҲô
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ô겻ɵƯǺǣ
ԫȥ棬ȷǺܵŮĻģһҲǲòϣ
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ԫĺƺҲȻֹĿԷǳȷ
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Ҵ㾹Ȼ˭
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ԫЦֹӵȷȤĺܣֻɱֶôҲøһɣ
ˣ
һâ
ԫɱѾ޼ɵʵ䷿ڣҲֻа꿋Sʵܹǿԫеһƴˣ
ԫҪ۸ؼҵĿô
⣬һԵޱȵ뵽˵ĶУԫƺҲüͷ




2850¾͵Ǳҧһ
 

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ؼ峤ҫ֮ӣҲʥɽؼҵ峤
ҵʵƺҪؼҸ߳һЩʵʵǿδ֪
Тһôųˣ
ԫТҲȣ
׵飬˵һЩ
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ԫТ֮оͲûֱ˵ؼװˣ
ТԱߣҲվһԵ峤ԲӣҸƼѧԺҲҸ׹֮ȻؼҵĿˣ
ǰԫҶĿˣǱؼҵĿˣͲ֪ɷⰡ
Тƺǰԫ˵Ҳֱ
ТǱ峤Ҫ߶أԫһ
Тһ̤ԿҵȭͷӲؼҵȭͷӲ
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׼Һͨһӣ˾֪飡
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꿋SЦһ峤ֺαôͱţ꿋Sǻױʱ䳤һЩⲻҲǶԸλ
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Т׵ĸǰӿȥԵĺܣ
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ԫƳһһԵףҲƷͷ˵
峤ȥĶţҲǿȥѣ
ʱҲǷǳġ
֮ǰȻһ˵˿޲óԼӣ
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һԵٷһЦ峤ʲôط˵ˣһҪû£ҪûݣҲɵһлɳðɣʥɽô㲻ҪƫƫҪôûϢĶ¼ҿҲǵͷ˰
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ᶼˡ
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һԵТҲЩѣ۾Ҳʰ
λ⹷ҧһڣѲ㻹ҧȥҾͺñ⹷԰Ǿ͵Ǳҧһڲˣ
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׵һֱЦ˳
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2851°꿋S
 

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꿋SʱһĿףԼƺС˴ˡ
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׵˵ֹӣˣȻȻ˵ĹءٵóһƷΪƷʸμӱεľۻᡭ
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׻øڣ
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Ϊܹõóףñǣ
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ʱΪ׳ͷǻ˭Ϊ׳ͷأ
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ԣҲվ˳⵹һԵƲѣ
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仰ֱӴ̼ڳˣ
һĿѾǳԽʵĴڰȻڳˣ
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Ѱ֮ҪμӣǸûʸģ
ҲΪʲô׼ɳôĸػһԭ
ԽųԽʾȾۻڲͬ
ܶʥɽ֮ΪҪμһξۻᣬǽʾ֭֡
ھȻ˿ۻᣬ˵Щμӵ
ʲô⣿һǲв
ͷСط˶ôţǿΪһɵǿ߾˲˰ɣ
ҲǰСطôܹľۻأ
Щʵһ㡢һ㣬ҪıȴǱȲ˵ģֻֿȥӵĿЦѣ
һһ֮ԱǣƺѾΪ˹Ķ
꿋S׵ĻҲɫףʲô˼˼˵˲㽻ˣ
Сô⣬ҾҲ
׵̬ȣһԵТǾѣ
֪׵ͷ˿оһεķˣ
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ģţģҪģһһμòʲôĻǿɾͲҪֱС㷭ˣ
꿋SƺҲǱ̼ˣôļϵڴˣһ˵ʵ̫ˣ
ƾʲôҪøǿʲôĳԿ𣿡׵˵
ʵһʼ꿋SƺҪԼЦټ԰׼Ҳ˵һֱ
ܹʥɽҲνܴ׸ν
һʼʥɽڣ̬һֱǳǿᣡ
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ԫȻҪվףҲǹ˼һϹ˵ԿŰ꿋SվҲں֮Աǣ
ŶƾãһȤٺһЦ˵ģ
Υģ𣡣꿋SҲǸ׸ˡ




2852ó
 

ˣ
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׼ΪʲôСҲȥأ
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С㣬ĳֻҪȷһ£ˣʲôԣ
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һԼĵܵԼֶҲ
񣡣
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˵Ŀⶼ׵УΪʵȥȷǷǳͨ
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û뵽СӾȻóˣ
һʱ䣬֮ѾǷһ




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꿋SĿ˿һߵףʵԭҲһƷ
ǰҲֵĹУżȻõһ
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С㣬峤ϻаһ£һľѾˣСӿ㴦ˡڼѧԺҲԤˣ
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꿋SҲĿףƺҪһУ
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һƬڴĿ֮Уһλü߻˺¥Ķ㣡




2854°Ǻ
 

¥㣡
ԭЩ̵Ŀռ֮Уһλ¸صߵĵƺһжû˺ܶ࣡
Ǻӣ
λ׼ҵĳ֣һֳȻ׵ľ磡
ǺΪʲô˶أʵϾԭΪԸ
Ǻ£ʵˣ
ҪһǣΪʵĵ΢߸߳ͻɫ۾ȥˣ
ǰǺﵽһԭ
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ڰ׼ҵλ֮ߵİ꿋S˿̿ŰǺӵĵҲϴһ˿Ĺ֮ɫ
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ǺЦݿĿһԵİ꿋SЩʵ꿋SôҴҵĽະ£
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ǣ꿋SһҪǿû뵽Ȼס
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üͷǰߣҲЩȻ
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ôҲû뵽׼ҾȻǿᵽ˵ĵز
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꿋SŰǺͷϣֿЦˣһ£ҲҾĴݰ
ݣǺǣ̸ʲôݲݵģκֻҪпգģ
Ǻӵһ׶ԴҲǹĿ࿴
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ԭΪǿ߿϶ĸڿԼˡ
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һε˸оһů
һԵԫŰǺ΢΢ϣԫˡСһεȷǴΣʥɽʴʣҵҲźϹġ
Ǻǣ峤˼˽ˣ˵Լɣ಻룡
ǺӿԫһЦݡ
ԫ̵ϣǿɲ֣ҪǼһһָͷܹŪֻС˵ʥɽòֹܹǿǣҲǿţ
Ŷʲôöˣ
Ǻӵ֮зųһĹâƺںöӵĸȤǶǰ˵ìܸȤ
һԵİ꿋SͷϣǲǺöǲ֪ǸоǶСƫƫšΪʥɽСװף꿋SƲ¥ġ
ʲôöó֪𣿡
ǺҲΣ֮гڴ֮ɫ
꿋SͷȻŶһֵģղŵĶأóϿ
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׿Ű꿋SҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
꿋Sʲôŵ
ǺӴ˿ҲǽĿһԵףֻǵ׵ʱҲЩ΢΢ü
ϣҸСӴģһóĶϵĶȥƾã֮Ȼ
꿋Sܻ˵оԼԽԽˡ
㰡ǸĲʤģŮӵĺʤĲҪ̫ǿˣǺӿһԵİ꿋SҲЦŵһĶҪϵ̴񽣱ȥҲǺ׵顭
̴񽣣
ǰ꿋S֮ǰõİǶҲǰǺӼģ
ߣȻ£һʲôأʥɽɲһô۸ģ
꿋S˿̺ȻĽԼΪʥɽˣƺЩԮĸо
ǺˣȻѾˣͿʲôɣˣıʲôҲǺĺܣ
׿ŰǺ΢΢ͷϣ㲻Ҫۣ
ˣ㾹ȻҸô˵꿋SһԳ׵ıŭˡ
ֻҪ֣Ǻӵһӣ꿋S˿ܴˣ
Ǻӵ˵˼Ҷûóô嶯ֻ˵ûб˺áǰλֹȣĺԶ
ϣҡұ
꿋Sɴ۾ŰǺӣΪ˵ˣ
ֻǴ˿̵İǺѾǽĿ׸ǰֵһöʵˡ




2855µȷ
 

һöʵ
һεĸ˵ĸǰܶ˶ǱſϷ̬
ľǰ׼ҰڵģǲǴպֶѣ
ܹ׵ԼǵĶȻǸãǽײʵҲν飡
ߵˣ˭ȱʲôԴɣ
ǷȱģǼΪϧһЩԴѣЩԴǿġ
ȻˣЩҲɵӣҪڲƭǼܣ
ֻܹϣԼбϲĶ˵ҲԼϲĶ
ϣƹӣһﾹȻ˵ϵĶҪãֱЦ
꿋Sδ˵һԵԫѾǴֵ˵
꿋SһԵͷϣһⶫǸ
Ǻ΢΢üҲЩԥĿʵֹӣⶫƺЩ
ǼҪж٣ֲ˵ôЩϤأ
ԫԭЩⶫпǺö
Ȼ֮вϣĵеġ
˵Цˡ

ɽҲϡƽĶѣȻЩѵãֻҪ취ǿӵвٵġ
ʵɽЩƣ
ɱ֮ģ׵һöǿʼԴ֮
Ϊǿ氡ϽĹʵͬնﰡ
һö˵ɣٿð꿋Sʱ䷨ûκεġ
ԣеȻǲԶˣ
ǰ꿋Sаܹ
ȴлԼӦ֪ĺˡ
ǰᣬǰἰĻһǱһڹأ
꿋SҲЩԳ˵ֲ֮ǰЩ
ⶫ֮ĹʵҪһֹƷӵľӨ͸һЩ
ûţŰǺӵĻһҲǷӦ˹
Ǻ΢΢ͷûпĻӦþֹҲǣ
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׵Ҳǲȷ
ֻ֪еѡ
ߣף㻹ʲô˵꿋Sһ˷ܵĿף
һ￴ˣ֮Ҳ޻˵ˣ
˵ӣоһıˬޱȣ
İ꿋SŵôСһЩɫ
ϣһСӾЪˣ֮ǰûһŵأ
ԫˣҲǹЦ
ղűСӸһɱ˵ĳ嶯ڿСӵùҲǺһ
ҪıСռϷĻһѪأ
Ǻӵ˵ȷƺЩ̫һֹӼȻΪ˵Ȳأ
ΪһרҵļʦţļʦǺӵĻиݵġ
˵ĵݣǺӱܵĸоԼǴġ
Ǻӿ˺׼ô˲ûʲô۵ġ
ֻǰˣŸо򵥣֮ȴ͸һӵĸ֮ɫ
ϣѲʲôһĵط꿋SҲЩƵʵ
һԵԫŵ˵С㣬ǱҪǸ̴ȵĻǸܣ
ǰϣ۵ľⶫû̴񽣹أûеĻҾͷˣ
꿋SĿĺȷҪͨϵ˵һЩоĶ
ʲô飬Ժ˵ˣ
ǺӹһЦ꿋S꿋Sⶫ̴ȣ˵Ӧû̴񽣹ءֻ
ϣֱ˵ɣ꿋SŪĶᵽɤˡ
ôȷ飬֮ǰ׼ĳ˷תĻԼ¶ܲˣ
ǺӐźù֪ˡ
ϣҪùҿûбҪһ˰ɣ
ԫŰǺӵĻҲһȻ
Ǻӵ˵һеģҪľʵ˵˵ʵⶫһǵһμԡ
ֵģϽù꿋S
΢΢һЦҲĬƺûж˼
ǺӴһӣǹʵƺѾƮ䵽ĸǰȻһЦԼǣ
׿ŰǺӵϣһܹһЩ
ĲȷȻҲ¶۵ġ
Ǻ΢΢һЦֻǵִһ˲䣬ɫǳ˱仯




2856һ
 

ৣ
Ǻһֱ̩ɽһɫһ˱仯
֮ǰֻǴԵһûиоʲô
ڵĽöʵеʱһ˿ֲϢ


Ǻʲôʵǿֻһ˿ܹﰡ
б֮ԫָո֮ǿ֮𰡣
ԭҲΪⶫһ㣬Ȼ䷢ԼˣҴķǳף
ڰǺӻ֮ǰĵ֪˼ĵ
ͳ˾ɽЩʥǿΪ֮ˡ
ϣôˣ
꿋SŰǺӵɫһ䣬Ҳǿһ£
һԵԫҲɻĿŰǺӵϣⶫĪʲôⲻɣ
ǺӴ˿̲δڴһԵˣ׵ķ˹ȥ
׵¶һ˿ȻЦݣǺ֪ⶫˡ
ֹӣһ󡭡
ǺʱȻҾǷǳĺġ
ܹһλ˵ľǿĶǾܿɹġ
һ׵ҲǾǺƷ
Ȼ԰׼Ҳðɰ׼ҵλǾһǷǳĲģ
ֻһԵİ꿋SԫТ˶һãȻ
ǺӵĵԭТҲǸֳһĨĵ֮ɫ
ǿŰǺĶҲãĺܡ
ǺӾȻҪһⲻǻ֮
׿һ۰Ǻӵ£
ȴݲȵӣ·ײλ֣Ǻһ󱲶ѣ
꿋S˿ŵģҲҧгݣ
ڰߣôһжǰ
ǿŰϾȻСӣҲǴ۾
Ǻӿ׵̬ȣҲŭֹӣ֪ⶫʲôǮ
Ҫ׵̬ˡ
ǺӵͷûȤĻҲֹӹͨǣ
һһɣ
仰Ǿ԰꿋S˵ˣʵȱȻȱ
˵ûжô
ֻһΪð꿋SԼͷѣ꿋S˼
Ȼˣν˼ɲָ鷽ģ
㡭˵ʲô꿋S׵Ļ˾˵ⶫԼİֵǮ
ԫҲ֮Աǵ˵ǿǼרңΪⶫܻһߣǻԼ𣡡
۸Ҳ
ԫδ֮ʣǺӵһ仰ֱһԵԫͰ꿋SһѪ
۸񹫵
ϾȻ˵Сӿļ۸񹫵
ǾͳⶫȰҪ
꿋SʿˮϣûЦɣ
Ǻӿһ۰꿋S꿋SѾˣܶʱҪ¡ӦҪһǱɽɽˣ
ҲˣϣҲװɣⶫƾʲôܹأⲻܰ
꿋SЩˣоԼһƹˣ֪֮Լﱻˣ
ֱ˭ܹأ
һԵԫҲЩѣܲǰʵ
ȻѾ׿˵ˣǲţ
ļٵİⶫȻôֵǮ
˵ǿ϶ˣǿɽȨ
ԭΪһǸû뵽һﾹȻһصﰡ
ˣһǿˣСҲǴͷ
Χһ˲仰һתǿ׵ҲЩһˡ
ֲ֮ǰ˼ôţŵɵİ
ǺӲδ꿋SЦʵֹӵöǴӺζ
żȻ֮׵˵
ǲսĻѷеİһǲ˰
ǺӿףҲ͸һӵļ֮ɫ
׿ŰǺЦŵĳҲҪϲˣ
ŶҲˣǺ𾪵Ŀףû뵽ȥʵһļһȻЩ͸Լĸо
΢΢һЦµģ
ֹӣɷƲ׼һ𣿣ǺӿҲЩʵ
׵ͷȻǰ룬ĳȴ֮ˣСҵĶľƺѾ˽˰ɣ
㡭СԸķ䣡Ȼ˵ˣҰ꿋Sƾ㴦ã
꿋SݺݵĿףҲô
ҲΪʲô֮ǰ꿋S˵ôƺԭ
׿һ۰꿋Sô㣬һûãɣ¥᷿Ұɡ
˵꣬ǺӺﳤȥֻʣһľˣ




2857´Ӳм𺳵
 

¥ڣ
꿋SһһףǸ׵С̫ɶˣ
ȻԼһ᷿ԼȻҲ֪СӲҶԼʲô
ǾͳһϷԼ
ڵǣԼˣķǳĳף
ð꿋SоԼϹҲסˣ
ТŰ꿋SӣһЦСҪԼĸˣ
Тǲǣ꿋SТŭһ
һԵҲǿһЦ꿋S㣬㿪Цأ棡
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꿋SӣҲɫһƬ
ԫСӾȻĺöȻ֪ǶʲôϵģӦòѰ֮С㣬һûᡭ
ԫ㻹޳ܵĿԣҾûһֵ𣿱˼ӣȻ˼˵
꿋SԫӣҲһʵ
ԫ˵Сαضŭһҵϵģֻҽøˣ
ҪǸˣھȥŰϵɱ
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˵ʵһҲһΪҳͷ˼
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԰꿋Sԭһ˫飡
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˵Щʲôأ
ˣ
ʵ̫ˣ
꿋Sں޲Ҹȥźأ
Ű꿋SӣҲǵ꿋S㣬һһȥɣһ۸ģ
۸ңЦҰ꿋SԸķ䣬ҪʲôǷ֮룬ǿɾ͹ֲˣ
꿋Sĵ˵ֻ˵⻰Լû̫ĵ
Ϊ֮ǰ˵ƾã仰˭İɣ
һϷΪ׵ĳֱЩɢ
ܶ˻Ƿǳ㣬Ϊǿ˲һİ׼ҾȻԱˣ⻹ͷһμ
ڼҲǱǸ׵С裬¼Һؼȴں׵ļһ
ܶƺʥɽƺΪСҪһЩıˣ
ȥ
ТǴ˶㣬ǲδżȥֻǴ˿̵ȥʮֵĲ죡
Т磬ʲô
ТҲһͷˮ鷢ʵЩ̫ͻȻˣ
֮ǰТͻȻ˵ҪףʱҪ׼μӰ꿋SľۻᣬԭҪТȹġ
ֻû뵽֮Тֱ֮ӳְ
⵹ЩˣΪ֪ԼĸԵġ
ƽʱͲһϲҹµˡ
ǺǣûʲôΣТʵ
һûʲô£ȴź˶ѣû˵
Ȼװ˵ڶԺԺλã׻ûʲô̫ĺøС
˶ѣТʵ
ѲʲôͷɣТ
ԭ׺ͶǲҸЩģֻҿȥǳҪìܡ֪ؼѾ붫۳ˣ
ТʱҲЩȻ
ʲô⡭ⶫ۳ʲôʸؼˣ
ĿТʵЩ׵ʵ
ТԺͻˣֻǸЩҪһǣǵܵһҪ˼̬ȺһЩ
ΪҵõԺλ𣿺ߣҲŲ
˿̿ȥЩһδѵСһˣӡ
Т΢΢һ̾㰡㣬Ϊʵǿ˼׵У㲻
磬㡭û°ɣɴ۾Тʵ
Ȼû£Ҫһվ𣿡Т
һôܡʵЩܲʵ
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ТʵЩﲻס˵
ŵĿТЩֵʵǸ۾磬ûƭҰɣ״Ҳû˵
ΪΪʲôҪƼʵ϶˼۾úദֻҪҲ˵Ƕܴ
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ݾ䣬ЩʧǵĿԶȥıӰҲһµûš
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˵˼֮ТҲ뿪ֻҪ֪׵ݣŽܶͲԼˡ
ТΨһǱʥɽİȫҲԼ׽Լ
ȻʵףؼҵӰСﲻǣ
˿̵׺ͰǺѾ˰׼У˵һʵĸо




2858¶ԻǺ
 

׼У
Ǻһֱߣ׼ȥҲ٣
Ϊʲô
ΪǺӵֻȨûκεʧ
Ϊʲôڰ׼Уʵǰöѣ׼ʦ١
ðǺӳĻʵࡣ
һΰ꿋SǺӳ˻δö
ǰǺӰףǼĶҲûôľ
꿋SһǺӣصѰǺӶ𲻳
ĻǺӻδؾ͹
Ȥ
ǺɽΨһȤģ¾Щ챦
ʵôҲΪ˳׼
һΣľһֱľϲ
ж㣡
ǺӿףҲǵȻһЦֹӣǺӣֹӸղҲ˵˰ɣ
ϾͲظĳˣֱ˵
׿ŰǺӣͷһЩطԼصĻκġ
ڰ׼ҵĲˬǸٹ̵ģ
˭׼ץŮأ
ǺݸһЦƺ֮ܵеһ˿⣬׵ֹӶ᣿
ĳ԰ûᣬǶ԰׼Ҳð
׿ŰǺӣȻǰλǿʵǿᣬȴδ̫ڣ
οǺֻǱǰ㣬ҲظǺ̸ȥˡ
֮ǰ꿋Sʵð׼նɱԼ˲
ҲûбҪҴŵĸ׼ίߣ
ŶǵҰ׼ƺֹӲ޽ɣ
ǺȻ£ǰ׼ҵ֪Ĳ١
׼ʥɽɽ磬ǰҲ̫ӡ
׿ŰǺӵǰ׼֮ˣʵ֮䲢޶ٵĹͬԲǰûµĻĳˣ
ֹǺӿ׼ҲǶ˶ٵ׼ǰ׼ңҰǺǰǺӣֹӴɲˣ
ô˵ϸ׼ûйЦŷʵ
ǺҡҡͷհףȻ׼ҹֻӲ׼֮ĶԹֹӲؾΪֹ׼ҵìܶ󶯸ɸ꣡
ϣ⵹Щˣ׼Ӧ֦ͬ⵹Щ˰
ҲЩ죬ǺӵȷЩڲͬ
ɽƣˣҽΪɽˣִǳѡֺαΪνɽأ
ǺһģҲü
ŰǺӷʵĳһʣǰܹش£¿ɽڰϣ
Ŷֹӵ˵޷ǺӿףҲһ̾
Ӣۣɽ绹Ƿǳ
һ֮ˣԼͷȽŶˣɴ˷ǵûУ֮вһ˿ϡ
ⲻòðǺӶ࿴ˣ
׿ŰǺӵĳǧ֮ǰ׼ץһŮӣΪϪӦɣ
֮壿
Ǻüͷһ壬ҲǷʵ
ǴŮӣޱĵͷ
ֹΪдһʣ֮ڰ׼ҵȷŲСã˵ɽ綼žصĵλһֹӲ׼ôȻа׼ҵĵ
ǺӵҲʵڣȻû˵֮ǰѾŴ£
֮壬ǿ԰֮˶ɽٵģ
ĳ˵ѣΪŮĳǷޣ
׿ŰǺӣ֮дһ˿Ĺԣ
û֪Ϫ׵Ůˣ˵Ҳû֪׵ʵݣ
ΪʲôҪôʣѲɾͲ°Ǻӷô
ʵν˰ϪϢʱ뿪ʥɽ
ֻҪϪţôʱ
뿪ֻΪҪһ׼ҵʵѣ
ǺôãʵҪǺӵ׶԰׼Ǹʲô̬ȣ
̬һ㣬ô׿磡
̬ǿӲҲҪһȥ磡
ֻ̬ȣ˰ǺӵٵǸʲô
ͬʱҲܹǺδˣ
ֻǽ죬ױҪǺӷ磬۵ʱԼô԰׼ңôǺӶܳΪϰ
ϹͷŽ
׿ɲԼ׼ҵĳͻ֮УͻȻðһ˿ֲĶֳ
ҲΪʲô׸ŰǺ׼еһԭ򣡣
Ϫֹӵķˣ⡭⡭ֲֹӸղ֮԰׼Ϊ
ǺӿףƺҲһЩʲô
׵˵ڴ㶯ץĳȥ׼ô
ֹӣղѾ˵ˣ׼κεĳԹĳһ֮ΨһҪ֤ıǰ׼Ҳֶ֮ѣ
ǺҲʵڵ˵ƺڰ׼ҵìûȤ
ĳϷ磬ðϾȳĳķˣϿɷԸ⣿
һŰǺ𾪵ģһ飡




2859¼İǺ
 

׼У
Ǻһ𾪵ĿǰˣΪԼĶ⣡
Լ磿
СӺεºܣȻ˵˿ֲĻ
Ҫ֪ǻԵɺϣɽ֮мǿǺԼҲ˵ȴԲѵĻ
ǰСӾȻ˵˳ʵ˸оֲ˹
ֹӣ֪˵ʲô
ǺӿףҲüʵ
׵ȻһЦȻ֪ǰ׼֮˲ͬĳҲ
Ȼֹ֮ƾʲô˵ҪϷ磿
Ǻӵϳɻ֮ɫΪ˵ġ
磡
ȷǰǺ˼ҹĵطкüоԼҪɽˡ
ȴⶼС飬֮
ǺӾã֮˵ⷬǲ֡
ǰôһСӾȻԼĸǰ˵̫ⷬˡ
΢΢һЦĳֻҪȳԼŮˣӦòΪѰϰɣ
㵽ôҷ磿Ǻӿһʵ
׵ϣǲ磬ӵó𣿼Ȼĳ˵ˣȻĳķ
ȷǶջĴ󣬲໹ǲܴӦ㣡
Ǻԥһ֮Ҳ¶һ˿Ц
Ϊʲô
ԭΪھ޴ǰǺӺܹܿʧԼĵߡ
һ֮оԼǺӸˡ
Ѳɽǰ֮ˣ
˵ʵ׻ǵһμˣĿ֮Ҳ͸һӵĲ֮ɫ
ǺݸһЦȻ಻ֹ֪ԵǼ٣ȻֹܹóĵرֹҲǿѨ磡
ô˵ĳĻˣ֮ǰ˵ִǳ񣬼ȻڻǰΪ־ܾأ
Ǻܺ棬ǺͷѲ
ײˣǰǺӦǶԳźܴĿġ
Ļ֮ǰõʱҲôˡ
ֻǺӶȻܾԼ׵ҪǺӺ«浽ʲôҩ
ֹȻһʱˣȴһϧĸоָо֣ô꼸û˸˵ĸо׼ж
Ǻӿף׵ĸоĺ֣
Ȼһ￴ȥʵһ㣬ɰǺоǾ޴ĺ֮
˼Ϊ£ǿǺӾȻ˵ǵϸðǺӸȷ˵ڲͬ
ǺӲ
Ȼǲܵģ˵ʵζȥ絽ʲôģ
üͷЩɻʵ׼ҶжӺ˵𰡣ǰ׼֮Լˣ̸أ
Ȼհףȴǰ׼֮ˣ
ǺӿףҲ̾һ
ǰ׼֮ˣ׾㵵ĿŰǺӣֲǺӲܰ׼ҵ£ǰ׼ҵ˰
ʥɽǿУǰ׼ҵ峤£Ľ졣Ӧλڷ֮ǰػ׼ң
Ǻŵԣʵ֪
ǰ׼ҵˣҲȼ֪ѡ
ڰǺӸףʵϾҪԼ׼ΪУΪԼ¹ԣ
ԭˣҲ˵ɷ磬ҲһͬȳϪ𣿡
׿ŰǺӣҲʵ
Ǻӵ˵˵ʵϪһ˶ԾȳֹӣֻһΥ˵µԡɽԣֹӦĺܡ
Ҷ
̾һΪԣ
һʥɽǿ¾ܹǰȳԼŮˡ
ɶԣðǺӲò˳뷨
ȴòðǺӳΪһԼ׼ҷͻĻôʱǺӿ϶ǻԼŵԣ
ǺӿЦһԵԵЩʱԵǰĻԵǲĻԵⲢֹӵĽ顭
Ͽˣ׼֮飬Ҳֲðϡ׵˵
׼ΪУ֮١ֹȻʲôķϢֹ֪Զֹô򵥣ֻǰ׼ҵʵֻ˵һ䣬ǿǿ
Ǻף˼ײҪΪһŮ˶Լ
׿ŰǺΪ˵ĳҹͬɳǶΪ˸õıԼİ֮ˣԼİ֮˶ˣǼʲô壿
Ӣ۵죡໹Сֹӵȡ
ǺҲ𾪵Ŀס
ЦŵĳһʣȻĳðϾȳԼİˣĳҲϵƷ¾ǰ϶ɽ٣
ֹӣ㡭˵һ飿
ǺһĿףϾȻֳһĨ֮ɫ




2860ɽ
 

ǺӼˣ
׵һĵȻʵϰǺӼ֪Լ뷨Σ
ջκ˿¶ѵֵ
ǺӸղŶȻܾΪԼѵĿԡ
ܹ»ἤԸӣ
ôȻΪ׼һ޴ϰ
ǺӼԼΪѣ֪
ԼǰҪһ
ԷôԼûʲô˷Ŀ׿ˡ
ĳ˼ǽձϳ񣬲֪Ͽˣ
׿ŰǺӣҲ¶һ˿΢Ц
Ϊʲô
ǺȻ˵һʣ֪ⲻǿ֮
֮ǰ޽ͻȻһڱǺԼҲЩholdס
ЦŵӦ֪ĳ뷨
ĪֹҪƽ׼ңǺ𾪵Ŀס
׵ͷȻ˵ˣĳҲֱԲˣ׼бĶ󣡡
ޣ㡭ǣ
Ǻӿף֮иǲһƬ
ҲûκεڣŰǺӳ˶۳۾ףѡһһսһϷ
۾ףҪһֵֵۣɽǿֿȡû뵽ֵ۾Ȼܹվǰȴˣʵ̾Ϊֹ
ǺҲЦ׵ȻЩȣȴ֮У
׿ŰǺӵϣҲΪ޲ϱɰȴӦ˰׼ҵ峤ػ׼ңֻһ취ˣ
Ŀ񣬵Ȼ׼κεĹϸˣ
ǺӿףҲǼᶨ˵
Աɽ籣׼ңǳ׼ҸԼȻûйϸˡ
׹ĴЦǰ׼𣿡
Ϳʼˣ
ǺӾֵĿףڰ׼жɽ٣ǿ»䶯ɽ簡
ʮȥˣ
ɽһ˶ɽٳҪʼ
Ǻӵ֮г˼֣̿ǿϣδ֪ǿλ棬Ҳһ㣡
ĳǿߣɽҲһСϺһ
λ治ͬȻǲһģ
ݣ
ʮöѾǻ˰ǺӵΧ˲䣬һǿɢ
ڰǺӵͷ֮ϣƬƬס˰ǺӵϢ
ǺӼĿ׵û뵽ֵ۾Ȼ֮
ϣʱͿռ䷨ĸѾﵽĲΣҪıٵע⣡
׿ŰǺҲǳЩֻҪǺһϣǱٵĽ٣
׵һ˶٣ǶŪһЩԷ
۰ǺӶɽٳɹȻǣ
ͬ죡
˵ռ룬׽ǺһŸͱˣȻǰǺӵĶˡ
ǺĿ΢֮ҲӿֳһĨᶨ֮ɫֵۣΪһѾ׼˰꣬ɣ

һŭȣΧ˲䱬ѿһɹǿ˲ռ䣡
֮
׵֮סһƬռ䣬ڼƬЧƺûκεķӦ
֪һԼ֮ҶȻή٣
ʵϣҪ۶ɽ٣׻Щġ
磬ѾǶɹһɽٺ٣
һɹʵʵϸ˰Ǻӵ֮С
һʱ䣡
Ǻӵâʢǰ׹֮һǿ߿¶Щܲ˵ġ
˿̵İǺӲϵתڵÿһεѭ֮ںһ֣
ʱ֮󣬰ǺΧѾɢһգȫ˽ȥ
ʵҲΪ֮İĻôܿʧɽ֮С
԰Ǻȿܹʮ֮һѾǷǳĲˡ
ʱһһĹȥ
Ǻӵƺһʱըըһ㣬˸оһֲϢ
׿ŰǺӵϣʱѾˡ
ֵۣҲоԼ״̬ǰδеĺãɡƺûκεķӦ
ǺӿףҲüʵ
ԭΪԼֻк֮Ĳ࣬ôʱͿռ䷨
û뵽ô࣬ƺѲһ㣬ٰ
׹һЦϣżʲô
ݣ
֮ʧƬʧ
ʧһ˲䣬ʥɽѹһ㣬˸оһѹ֣
ͬʱʥɽĸĿⶼۼ˰׼еķ򡭡




2861ʥɽ
 

ʥɽ
ԭһƬεգ˲һƬ
˽ǲ֪׷ʲô飬ɺܶǿѾһִĸо
ʥɽĳ
һƧɽ֮Уƺۼ˴ʥ֣
Ϊ׵ļλӿȥĿ䣬üͷ΢壡
峤⡭Ѳ˶ɽ٣
һλɫ۵߿Ŷ֮ˣҲЩ㵵ʵ
ǳ
׼峤ҲʥɽĿǰΪǿ֮ˣ
˵֮˱ҵ峤а
аʥɽҲλڶĳǿߣʥɽλʮֵĳȻ
аԣҲһλߣ˱Ǻ峤ɽ
֮ʥɽΨһһӵ֮ĵطȻ֪طΪʲôȴʥɽΪʥĵط
Ϊʲô֮ǰѧԺڶԺԺλ˵ļңʵľǽطʸ
طһƣǱ̤ȣ
̤ϳɽȣ˼̤ȣ
̤ȳɼѳֻ֣ԴϡȱĺܣԽеʸҲǼ涨ġ
ǳһԵаͺɽ˵ɽ٣ܣ
Ϣֲ֮ٻʲôأѲ֣
ɽһҲǿŰǳüʵ
֣ǣɽô꣬δ˵ʲô֣峤ͲҪΣˡرҲ˵أ
ǳ˵ֻѾǵһ
ѲǶɽ٣
ǳƲѣҪ֪ǹϵӽˡ
ʱ򱻱˶ɽˣǱ˸Цˣ
ǳ֮Ҳʵܣ
ʥɽܹɽ֮˼ߣλĳǿҫ֮ʥɽ
˭ܹʱɽأ
쿴ƣǽư
ɽԭҪǳһʱȻ˽Ƴˣ
һĶͬǿֲѹ˸оһĶĤݣ
ĽǾ͸ӵĿˣǿǳˣȽƣҲǸоԼǳС
ǵصѹðǳҲǸоһĺѣϳֳһĨ֮ɫ
ʱİǳϣҲòƱ֮ˣ
Ȼǽƣ⡭⵽˭ڶɽ٣ܣԲܣ
ǳЩʧǵĿǽƣоһµûţ
û뵽Ȼǰɽˣһɼ֮ԼݶЩŤ
аҲǾֵ˵˭Ƚֲ֮Ϣ
ӦѧԺѲХǼһҲֻǼһﲻط˰
ɽɨһȦΧʵųڼŵ˭ڶɽ٣
Хܣ޿ܣʵˣڸʮ꣬Ҳܣ
ǳֱӷ񶨵˿Ҫʶ±ٲҲǲ
ѾǳѧԺķȻȥ
ܿ죡
ѧԺϿգѾǳλǿߵӰ
ֻЩǿߴ˿ڽƵĸǰԵôС
ǽƲˣ峤ǲǰ׼еķĪǰǺӶɽˣ
аһӷӦ˹˵Х֮⻹ʲôܹɽٵĻôȻǰǺˣ
ǺˣǺ׾͸ˣ
ʵǺӵʵԲа֮£һаҲ֪ġ
һԵĺɽĽ˵ǰǺϼһĻһҲ̫˰
ǰҵȿ׷ѰûκεѶû뵽ȻǺӸȣаҲ̾һ
ǳ΢Լ˫۵ߣû뵽Ұ׼ôԴȻ
˿̣
ǳ֮мһɼ֮Ҳȼգ
ΪǺһѾǳʣŽƵķ˹ȥ
峤Ǻ°˵ɽ绹зĿԵġǺ۳ɹǲΪҵȿ˸ͷ𣿡
аŰǳӣҲ֪ǳеĲƽ⣡
ϾǺӲ׼֮ˣҲѹǳˡ
Ϊѣ
ʹ˵ǰǳˣԼҲǾԲܹܵġ
ǰﻹʲôĶԣ
ǰǺǰ׼ҵػ֮һڶɽǰǳļ֮Ҳûֹͣ
ߣôöɵģ
ǳЦһȻϣǺӶɽʧܣƷҲǲҹά
˿̣еǿɫ£ǶǱһѧϰ̬ȿŰǺӶɽ٣
ʥɽҲǺ䶯һƬ
ǺӼۼеĿ⣬ǳ֮˸ŷŭĹâһеԭӦԼģ
ȴǺӸˣΨһϣһɽʧܣ
ȻԼΪһɽٳɹ֮ˡ




2862ڴ
 

֮У
ڵҹһĨɫĽƳ֣ʥɽ֣
Ǻӵֳ֮һĨܺͿ־岢֮ɫ
٣
ڰǺ˵ֱ
ٿʼʱ֮ȴһ˿ޱߵĿ־塣
ȿ־Ϊδ֪
δ֪Ż־壬֪ʧܵĸʼ
׿ŰǺӽŵӣҲǵȻһЦ۳ɰǶûźˡ
ֵԼǣȻֻһ··϶Լ߳ġֵ۸ǡ
ǺӸ״һк˻һĨ׹ѾǳŽƵķ˹ȥ
¡
һһĽɫһֱ
Ǻӵ˲䱻һɫĵɣ
գ֮Ĺ򣬰Ǻӵ徹ȻֳһĨ֮ɫȥͷʮֵ
һؽףȻ˵
Ҫ֪Ǻӵʵǳǿᣬ˵ǳƽƽ֡
ɽνǺ绽Ĵڣ
Ƶǰһͱ˶ߵķһ㣡
ȿȿȣ
Ǻӵص£Լ壬ȻĿ
ˬ
Ǻ޼ɵЦһؽ׿ȥֲʵҲС
ڰǺˬָո£ڶѾӰһ˰Ǻӵĸǰ
ǺκηӦĻᣬֱӺ˰Ǻӵ֮У
һͬڶƺȵһǿ᲻٣
֮ǰİǺӲԭأһȴð׼кһɽֱΪƽأ
ǺҲʧ˵ĸǰ

ʧˣ
׽٣ŵڶؾȻʧˣ
˶ǽƵĿֲһЩԭŶɽ֮ˣ˿̶һĨηУ
棬Ǻܹɽٳɹ
ƺڶſ˵ʵڸš
˿ƺҲͣԼΪʵʵĸܵ˽Ƶ
ҵϣɽٳɹЦŵ
ŶΪʲôЦʵ
Ϊɽٳɹʱ١ԡҲܸմմ⡣һʡȥǧĻָʱ䰡
濴ףҲǹһЦ
ǧʱ䣿⵹Ǻ°ǻǺһ֮
ĻҲЦŵ
˶ɽ٣Ȼһ㶼ģϾǺӸʵϲ̫Ĺ
ܹɽٳɹ֮ȡһϢĻǺֶΪأ
Сһ׽ǱȽģ׽ٻ׽ٵĻǻһϣûˡ
ǰ׽ٺɽ׽ӦҲһģΪܶ֡Щʱоǲƽ˼ҺıȱǿһЩȴǿ׽٣Щ
̾һЩʱ򵵴εһЩ׽ٷһЩ
Сӵʱ׽ٿ²ͱ˵ˡһɽٳɹ׽ԽǿʱջԽ࣬Ҳǲ֪ 
浭ȻһЦǰǺӸû̫Ĺϵ
Ҳ̸ЦȥûκεĽ֮ɫ
棬ûʲô취
ҲЩһĪչȻǺӶɽٳɹȴû̫İ취
һЦ취Ȼеģ֮൱ĵãһ»֪ɣ
֮⹦أײĿʵ
¡
˿̵İǺǰһȥȻҡҡ׹ɿóǿ֧סġ
٣ŵأ
ĿĿʼʱŰǺӵɫ֪ҲǸо쳣Ĳף
Цŵ֮ǳı־ٶɽ֮Ϊֲɶ֮ȴһ㣬㶮ҵ˼˰ɣ
ԭˣл㣡
д󶨣ֻҪа취в
˵ܹʱȡٵĺôӵϣǺܹɽٳɹˡ
һһˮкһķ
Ǻһ·սսȴҲǶɹ˰٣ֻʱȥѾǴڱıԵ
˿Ǻվûˣ
֮еľǴɽλǿߵ־
ͬʱ
֮ƺķ磬ܶ˶ΪƺҪһ㣡
ΪҪ֮ʣԭһεıɫϯ
ǼԴݻʥɽĿֲϢҲ𽥵ӿ
֮ǵֲĽƣ˵кȻһĩٵĸо
ɣ඼Ҫǲô
ǺԭЩҰ˲˿̵Ѫһ㡣
֮еһĨ֮ɫȴ˿
ƺ˵ʱ̵ˡ




2863°Ǻ֤
 

ž
һɫĹâ˵г֣
ܿ죡
֮Ѿγһ߳׳Ľɫ磡
ƺ֮֮ǰеҪ
ǵֱӺ˰ǺӵϣһЩ֮ѾסԼ۾ҿˣ
һǿߣѲҪ
ǺʧˣѲɱٸ𣿡
ǳԶѾǸܲǺӵϢҲǐź
˿̣
˵ĸǰǽƲ˵ģ
ǳİզ࣬ɱǷƵ
Ϊɽһ֣ǳôֳֿ־֮ɫأ
Ȼ˿̵ƺƽʱҪ˲٣˿־֮⣬ȴһڴ˷ܣ
ڴгһգܹýƽ٣
аŰǳƺûκα֮ɫҲǵ˵峤һѾأѲûпƵѾɢ𣿡
ɽ̾һϧ˰԰Ǻʵûܹס׵ϴʵǿƿֲ
٣ǿЦģôöɵĻǻܹ֮Ϊ𣿻ܹû˶ɽ𣿡
ǳм˵ȻǺӵʧûκεź
˵ʵ
Ǻڰǳĺɽ٣ôһûУ
ǳһҪǿܹԽ
ֻܹ߸ϵĸ
˽ҲİԵ֮
һҲУΪǺ۳ɹѾ峤ķͷˣ
ΪʲôǺһֱڰ׼жȥ׼ҵܲ
ʵϰǺӶڰǳ˽֮һ˸֪ԼĴв˰ǳ͵λѡ˱ӣ
ǺӲǺ°ǳֻǳʲô
ɾٲڵʱҲǱǳˡ
ɽΪͬЩпĵͷûʮİ֮ǰҵȻǲҪäĿĶɽΪ
˿̣
ʥɽѾΪ
ܶ˸ٵĽ٣ǶҪһΪ죡
ҲһѧϰĻ᲻
Ҫ֪ѧϰĻɲ˭Ըɽʢأ
ϾȻɽʧˣǿ峤Ტ۵ĳְ
ǰʧˣʵֲ̫ˣ
ֹǿֱֲһʼĽѾǿֲ˹û뵽ĸǱ̶ֳ̬Ȱ
ʥɽһǿ䣬ʵǿɱ̾
ҪԺûɶյĻûǲҪȥΪ
һʱ䣬˶ͷ
˵Ǻʵʧˣôܳɹأ
ʱһƺֹˣ
ûܹܵõǺӵϢǿǳ˶ˣΪǺӿ϶֮бɱˣ

׼ɢȥʱ򣬰ǳȻɫһ䣬ͣס˽Ų
ܿ죬ƺҲǷ쳣
ԭ֮еǶƺʧˣǽʧ˲䣬֮кȻ˺һӣ
һεĹâһֶĤݵĸо
â䵽صһ˲䣬ǺӾƾճһ㣡
ԭѾ˺۵ۿɼٶȻָţǵȻָٶȿƿֲ
֮󣬰ǺѾǸֶ
ʥɽ˿̧ͷŰǺӣһַضݵĳ嶯

ǱѾ糹׵˲ϵĲ࣡
·ȺĿ⣬ǺҲ¶һ˿ǳЦ
ֻǰǺӲ֪Աߣ紫ݹԡȴ˸͵˴룡
İǺϲ֮Уﻹ˵Щ
Ȼ֮ԡΪһ˿ʡ
ǰǺڹܲôˣΪоԼһ֪ôģ
ͳսŽ𣬷·ΪǺӵĶɽٳɹһ㣡
ֻǺܿ죬ǺӵѾǰǵιâʧ׵ʧˣ
ǺӶûü׺һڰ׼֮˴к
ֻʣһĿɿڴ˿ŰǺӴĵطţ
ɽٳɹ
֪ǺûʧܣǷˣ
Ȼ˲֪ʲôĶɽٳɹȻǺӵȷǳɹˣޱȵĳɹ
峤⡭ͳɹˣô򵥣а˿̿һɫİǳҲ
û뵽ǲ
ǳȻʱ˵ʲôֵĻϾ˵Ǻӻǰ׼ҵˡ
ʧˣǳȻоϧ
ڳɹˣǺѾһΪǿߣǳ֮лһ˿Ĺ˼ɵġ
˭֪ǺӵѾˣͣĳأ
ɽŰǳ峤ҵҲҪ˰Ѿǳһˣɣ
Ȼߣ
ǳ֮ʻǳŰǺڵķһۣ֮һĨ֮ɫʼջ֮ȥ
ֻǰǳȴ֪һеʼٸѾȻ뿪˰׼Уһ͵ء




2864Ķ
 

ʥɽĳ
׶һߣֻʥɽûжʶ
ȻʥɽĶ࣡
ڴ۵ĶǰǺӶɽ٣鼸û̸ۣ
Ҳû뵽ǺӵĶɽٻ֮ĺô
ʵϰǺ֮ǰĶɽټжΪʧˣΪ׼֡
Լϻû׼ʲôɽ٣
ɹˣɹЩĪǺԼ֪ΪʲôԼɹˡ
һУҪл׵İа
֮
ðǺӶɹѹأΪ˰һλĳǿߡ
Ͼôû˶ˣټϰǺԼͱȽϵļһпȥôȻ
ǺԼ֪罵ٵĴ˴룡
棬ô
״˿һƧ֮أ֮У
΢΢һЦĻЩ࣬ҲǲˣҵĹָһҡ
ôţôָܻһҵʵ
ҲһȻĿ棬Ҫ֪ʵɽ˿ɲܱȣ
浭ȻһЦ֮ǰѾָһЩȵȷǻĺܣɽٵ֮Ҫ̫ˣ˵ǻıԴ֮
Դ֮׾Ŀ档
ЦŵɽĽʵĽȻҲӵŸߵȼĽˣ
أѲɻ֮ϻиߵĲΣ
׾ֵĿ棬ҪĻôǸоֲˡ
ԭ׿ѾǾͷ
ڿɲһʼɽ֮ϻ磬֮ϻл磡
΢΢ҡͷҾͲö֪ˣһһɣĲζûдﵽأЩʲô
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ڿջƺҪһ˰
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ĵ˵ֻС˼׵вʲô
׿ЦһʵǴһֺ̰㶼ˣҵ𣿡
ֵۡһεĿŶ档
˵ҪҲǲԣ
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׿ӵ˵ΨһѡΪ޵ˣɽһͳ֮ҵʱȻ磬Ļǿֻ·һˣ




2865ǿ˵
 

ѡ
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ΪһߣҲԼĽ
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޽ԣȻ˵ٻ
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Цŵʺα˰̾ʽĸһ£λǿߣ棡
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ǺǣЩȽϵ鷳죬Ժĺô϶᲻ֹЩġѲûзϵЩ̺ǳľҪ磬ֻҪͷʱԣ
׹һЦһԵҲЦ
Է飬ɽ磬Ժ磬ҶǿʵѸ٣
Ӱݼ棡񼤵ֲôţ棡
˼ҵı֮ڳЦԼ֮ǰôΪǣ
룬˼Ҫһͳɽ绹Ĳǳ˵Σ
ˣ޻ʥɽһʱ䣬ʾ͸һɣʱڻǿһЩʵġ
Ҳǰһ£ǰ꿋SԼأ
ǺӵĲǸѣȻѾ磬ɽԵҲûˡ
Ӻһ֮Ҳǳź¥ķ򼲳۶ȥ




2866㷲İ꿋S
 

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пҲ˵أûʱǼɫ𣿡
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Ű꿋SҲЦ
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˽꿋Sʵڰ׼ң꿋S˻Щڲͬ
Щае飬ڰ׼˵Ļ˰Ǻ֮ҲλСˣ
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С㣬Ҫв£¿ɾҪʹ֮ĶԼˣѲǵĶԼ
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˽εεĴŮôôأƺԥֻð꿋SЩ尾
ûã¶һ˿ȰЦݵٺ٣ֻҪ׹Ӧһ֮ĶԼˡ




2867Ůĺ
 

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ǰ꿋Sȳ֣ȲӵʱҲЩʧ룡
ԭΪһ￴ӦǺ£
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ѲֵͲֵ֪ôд
Ҫ˵Щʲô֪˼뻹û֨
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ΨһԱ֤ǣֻҪ㲻ư׼֮ˣҶܹ㣡
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Ҿͷˣ׹ĳ͸ˡ
׹ֱ֣ת뿪˷䣡
ʵײҪ꿋SһЩСľ
꿋SĻôЩСආĲԼô
˷ǰʥɽ
׵ҪһʥɽҲΪδʥɽһ׼
һι¼Ѿһջ˲
ǵʱܹھۼһЩʵļĻôʥɽҲһɵ飡
ڵʱôð׼ҵ˺Щ׼ߵ߹ǣ׵һܺõ˽ֵĹˡ
֮ǰԫ׵оǱȻҪĨȥĶ
꿋Sˣ׾òһҪôȻǰ׼ҵˡ
׶һ˳ѧԺķ˹ȥ
ʱѧԺļѾˣױֵڵĵڶԺ
ԭ֮ǰǺ׵ȥġ
ΪǺӵˣȻҲȥһѧԺˡ
ڰ׼ңٵðѧԺ˵




2868µ
 

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ȻļʱǳôĶ
ڴҶ۰ǺӶɽٵ飬ҲϾ˼ˣ
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ס޵ĵطǳӴÿλסһլԺ֮УΪ
ڽסſڵĵطһڸʾһĶ
ԲѯסһլԺ֮УÿһլԺűŵġ
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ʱûϵĳͻ;ײ
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㲻ʥɽ𣿴Ҷ˵ʥɽĳǿˣôǶ۳أˣҽ½ɣϷ۳¤ѧԺ
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½һﵹһͦȤļһһԵ֣ӺܲҲЦ
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ֿ֣֣ǶҸ׾͸ǻˣ
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֣ʵϻһЩԽеģ
ԽоΪǴʥɽˣȻһԵܲҲǴʥɽġ
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Ϊĵ򣬼Ǳʥɽʮռˡ
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ܲӵļȻҲʥɽ֮УɾѧԺԶ̫ˡ
֣ӵļ壬ȻѧԺҲһľ룬Ǳܼ֮ȴҪúܶܶ࣡
Ȼ֣˼Ҳˣ۲Ǿأ
׵ҲνôլԺ϶ûɶ˼ġ
״ʥɽһӣȻҪ˴һӡ
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½ֲҪô˵ֵ˵ʲô
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ֻҪ˱Բ׶ǿԽܵġ
ĸһļϣҲʧһƬլԺ֮У֣ҵķ˹ȥ




2869֣鷳
 

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ʥɽռԼΪٷ֮ʮңһռԼΪٷ֮壬ռԼΪٷ֮һҡ
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֣˾ӣֺ֣̾һӣְ峤ڴ֣ҵ飬ڽȥǡ
ңңҪʲô
֣ŭһһֱӱQ
ҵ峤ɽȡѧԺʧܵϢֺ֪֣Ƴʵ
ǼһʵʧҲǺ飬Ѿ֪ˡ֣ʲôϵ
֣ӲмʵҾû£
ֺ֣΢΢һ֣̾Ҿ꣬һֱǲ֮䣬һεֵЩΣڽȥֻǴ̼ɽӶ֣ҵĴѹȣ
֣ʲô飿
֣ӿֺ֣ƣɫȥҲǷǳĽ
֪֮ӦûԼô ˡ
Ҫ̲֣ҵ󣡡ֱֺ֣ص˵
ƾʲô֣Ҳһ
֣ܹΪ壬ʵǿĻ
һĻ֣ôӵ֮Դأ
ʮֵΣ֣ҵ֮УͻȻλҵϵԱ
ֺ֣ҲһĪչ˵ץŴ²ţҪ
Բ֣Ը⿴飡
ҿȴʵ֣Խܡ
һ۳ֽ֣ȻǲԸġ
˵ˣ֣ҲӦһô֣ҾͱóƷʯΪ⳥
ƷʯҲڶѣ
ҾôĿɣʣµҲң
֣ЩʱѾ΢΢
ʵ̫
֣ӵ֮Ҳܲĳż˹ȥ
ֺ֣ҲǽĽȥˣ
ʣһԵ׵Ǳߴ۵С۵ĿŶԷѾԸôԳأ




2870ʢ֣
 

֣ſڣ
׵ԵþЩˣ½ɿһԵܲӺףҲЩԥ
ϾزģóȻĲ뵽ָ߲ε֮Уʵ̫Σˡ
Ҫ֪֣һңӦöʥɽʵļ壡
½ʲôطϷ۳¤ѧԺʥɽ㲻ʲô
ܲӵļʥɽƺҲĩ壬ﲻʲôæ
ĲеĻʱԼļ֮Ҳûпܵġ
֣ۡ߻
½ɿףоױ֮ܲҪ첻١
½ɺܲӶϲɫ֣ƺһֱܵݡ
һԵܲӵҲЩ˽ģҵʵ֣֮Ӧ࣬Һ񱳺ˣҲֻ˵һЩѡ
ֵ˼ߣ½ɿܲҲʵ
ܲ΢΢ҡͷȻ֣ʶãԺһլԺֵܣּ֣£Ǿôһ֮²ðɣǵġ
ܲʵߣҲЩԥ
һԵ½̾һˣ졣ҪȻǽȥɣ˼أ
飬ȷҪȥ
ʵôʣҪ˵Ʒô
Ȼ˵ĿʱѾܵı˭Ļôھأ
ҲǶ˵Ŀɣ
׽ѣĲʵƷ£
˾˽ˣôҲ⼸ġ
Ȼ˵Եһ֮ǰܲ˵һԺһլԺֵܣ
ܹƵֵܵģǵڹؼʱ̿Իֲ
ʲô˼ܲӺ½ɼͬʱʵ
ѾǾҪȥˣû뵽Ǹ첻µزµףȻùˣ
ҵ˼ǣôȥǲò½ֺҵʵҲǲʥɽҰɣ
׿ܲӺ½Ҳǵʵ
ǲôˣǽȥִ֣ǿԵİɣܲƵ˵
һԵ½̾һ֣˸־ҲǿԣʵҲġʥɽļǵ𣿡
֣Ǿʹ˱
ܲӳ½ɵͷȻҲǹֵ
½̾һ֣ʹ˱ɣ
ȷҪȥƺû뿪˼ǿܲӺ½ʵ
֮ǰǿսţΪֵĺȲʡû뵽ǿˣͶ࣬ٻᣡ
ܲӿףƺԸڶ˵ʲô
һԵ½ҲΪͬĵͷǰֲҵֵܣҵҲˣǣ
תѾǽ֣ҵſڣ
ʱ¶һ˿Цݣ˵Ʒǲġ
Ȼǲܹİ֣һЩʲô飬ǻܹΪ֣ӳͷ
ԽԽֳܹܲӺ½ɵĿɹ֮
˺Ǳʵǿᣬ֣֮ҺҸߵĻôǼҲʲô
ڵԼΪ
ܲӺ½û
Ҳǽ֣ҵſڣֻܲӺ½ɿıһξѣ
ĳֻ߸ʲôҪ
˭֣أ
һֺܶʱʱģû
ԭֻҪ֣һ³Ը˳ʶѶѵġ
ⷹһҲûгϣȴһ!
ֻܹ׸оһĿЦˣ
֣һ
ʱżˣΪ׵ǸӦ֣ҵ峤Ҳ֣ӵĸˡ
֣ӵ࣬һˣȥʵô
ȥӦһ˶ǰΪ֣֮˽Ķ棡
ɽ㵽ʲô
˿֣ҵĻ֣һŭĳ˽
ʢ
֣ӲܲˣԼݣ
ԭҼ̸е֣峤֣ԼĶֱӳ˽ɽŭҲüͷ
֣ԼĶӣδֹ
̫ܹԼĶӻܹһ
˵ʱԼڳԲˣһҲǷǳҪйԼ
Ǻǣԭ֣峤ĳڴҪϲ֣峤ɹѧԺǿϲɺذ
ɽҵ峤ӿȥԴһ˿ӥǣ˶оĻ
֣ӵĳ嶯ȣλɽĳǸȥҪһЩˡ
ѹܹһ̸֣֣УͿһϲŭɫӣ֪˲һʲôƲ硣
ɽ浱֣Һ۸ĲɣŲҴﶼʶ
֣ӵĳ嶯ɽ侲γĶԱȣ
һʱ䣬ƺЩɵͣ
һԵ½ɺܲӿ֣ӵģҪǰ֣ӣƺѾЩˣ
ң֣Ӿ˰
ɽƺһӴ̼ԭͺܼ֣ӣ⧲֮£֣ӵȭͷȻĺɽϡ
֣ҵĴʱԵЩļž




2871ɽ
 

֣һ
֣ôҲû뵽ԼĶӾȻĶˡ
Ȼ֣ɵۺڵǿߣأ
Ϊɻʾ۷֣ӣں׵³֣Ҿ֮
֣ҪӦƺҲѾЩˣ
¡
ԼĶӵȭͷֱɽϣֱ֣ӽԼĶӵָקסֹķٶ
ǣֹʲô
ɽϳֳһĨɫԼӿ֣˵֣ӣ㻹ĸҴң
ôˣ˾ǷᣡΪ֣𣿡
֣˵˿ӳ
£
֣ԼĶӣ֪ʱڲֹԼĶӺ֣޷ճˡ
֣峤û̸ˣеսնʹǾȻҶҶ֣ʵʧ͸
ɽ֣˵
֣ɫҲǼΪѿ֮ǰ̸еȷĺܡ
ԼĶͻȻ֣һƺѾ޷ճˡ
֣ɽ峤ʢ׳嶯ǸΣ
ǸֱЦҪǸ𣿡
ɽмĿ֣һ߸ϵӣ
һԵ֣ЩĿԼĸ׵״ˣбҪǸⶼˣǻɫҪսǱĵף
˶㶮ʲô
֣һԼӵĻҲŭһ
˵ô׶ԸĻ⻹õԼĶӸԼ˵
ԭɽ֣ҵʱ֣̬ҲǷǳǿӲ
Ͼ֣ҸҲ
أΪɽ֮͸¶һϢƺһжˣ
ɽֻǰȻ̣
Ѳ֪Ҹ֣ʵ൱𣿿Ϊʲô
ΪɽĽҪˣɽʱ򣬻صһ
ֻ֣֪ɽ˼Ϻˣ
峤֣һȰ鲻ô򵥵ġֺ֣ƿԼλ峤ҲǿЦһ
֣ô£ֺ֣֣ƵĻҲüʵ
ô£֣ѵ֪ҽҪ޸峤𣿡
ɽ֣ӵӣҲǼ˵
Ȼղ˵Ҫ뿪û뿪˼
ɽ֣һֱǾϵһֱҲ˵ġ
һɽûпѧԺоʮֵĶˡ
֣ӽѧԺôҲˡ
Ƕ֣ӣõǿԶ֣ҵĸ
Ȼˣһеǰʵѹ֣ң
ڻˣҵ峤żȻһҵ峤ɵʱ峤Ůҵ峤ҲУ
˿˵˲˰Ļ𻨣
ʵʥɽҲʲôϡ飬֣ҾͲʲôˡ
ɽһϢ֮һĿϲ
¾ͽԼıѾõļƻ˵Լĸ˿˵һļϣ
ҽһЩϵûʲô츳֮ˣֱɱӽ֣ҵ
һˣ
ܿ죬Ұ֣ҵ߾ͱϢȻծˣ
һΣԵһϷ룡
ĿľҪ̲֣ҵ֣ӲǿѧԺţ
ԼͶ֣ҵδţأ
ټҸѾǿҪ֣֣峤ҲĶԿȴû
ң
ǿǲĴڣΪһң䱳˵ʥɽؼҳ
ļ壬֣ǵ
붼룬ǲ𰡣
֣ڵĵǣɽѹԼĶӣϽȥϢˣ
֣Ӵ˿һȦҲû뵽ҾȻߣ
ҵǿѾ׸ˣڵ㵵ѾЩ˵ˡ
峤֮ǰǴӦ𣿡֣ĭ
ɽ˵ӦһȭͰװ֣峤浱ɽӰ
峤ʲôҪᡭ
ԭϣ֣ܹɽһ¡
Լļ棬ԼĶӴɽҲ˵ȥˡ
֣ȻƣܹκεĻᣡ
һҴѹʱôӲأ
ɽĿһ֣ȻЦȻ֣峤ӦǧƷʯչļƻĳҲ֣ܲ峤ӡ
峤Լǡ֣Щҧгݵ˵
ɽЦһɣֻҪ֣Ӹ峤¹ǸĳԵǱҧһڣȻǰӣ
˻һڳ˵ɫˣ




2872ܹ
 

¹Ǹ
˵µĵǸʽһǾԲܽܵġ
ˣôôأ
˵ϣ
ټ֣ӵʵ֮ɽҪǿһֱǾϵ
ɽѹˣ֣Ѿŭ֣
֣ҲһƬѹ֮ɫһĹ̡
ɽȻôôӦǶ֣Ũصļ֮ġ
϶ҲǾֵĿǵġ
ûҵ֧֣ô֣ҾƴҲҪĵף
ͳҵϣһĺżںҳ֣·ߣ
ʥɽ֪жٵļѾʧʷĳ֮ˡ
ڶһ֣ʧȻ࣡
ɽȥģҸҵ𣿡
֣ԭѾЩˣɽ仰һŭա
ҲԲôģ
ɽ֣ӹһЦ֣ӣ᱾峤ǸˡѧԺˣ峤㻹ûʲô취֣ҿɾͲһˡ
ƾ㣿
֣ӲмĿɽҲܶȻֱû֣ҵİɣ
ȻҽƣҲɵӣ
ѲΤһƾҵİڲ֣оøܡ
ƾҵȻˣҽҽǰ˳ҽһ£ҵļλֱ֣˲ҷ˰ɣ
ɽݣıҳ˵ĵҲʮ㣡
֣֣ӳӣ°ɡ
״ˡ֣Щˣ֣һû
֣峤ô˵ǲĶӸ峤Ǹˣ
ɽĿ֣Ĩһ˿ɭ֮⣡
˵ʵɽû뵽֣ӻ֣һԼһ£
ԭЩɽһռ˾ԵϷ磡
ɽղһЩûдţҵ峤㻹Щ˳˼
˸ո׹밮ӣЩʧʵҲǺġ
ɽһҪ֣ԶĻԼӰ֮£һѾǾһλȥԼǰ硣
ʱ򲻵֣ӸԼ¹Ǹˣ֣Ҳпܱ
һã
֣˿ɫһƬԼԼͷ⣬Ҳ֣δϣ
һѲɲ֪֮ԼĶʲô
Ϊ֣ԶħҲ߻ħ
֣ǻҲԼĶӰɣ
֣ӿ֣Ķ簡ôأ
֣ɽծ峤ȷӵĴȻ峤ˣôӹ£
״ˣҪ
֣ЩѵĿԼĸףԼĸ¹ɽ
֣ӸоԴһƬտ֮ɫ
Ȼ֪ԼĸôΪʲô
ôûϵĻŵΪʲôԼ׷
ɽһЦû뵽֣峤˵ͨȻ֣峤ҪǲӦĻԵЩ˰
峤ˣǹˣ֣Ҿ˰
ֺ֣ƿ֣ӣҲǷĺе
һԵ֣Ӽǿ˵ģ˿̺޲ֱնɱɽ
֣һ֣Ҳܹˣڱˣӣס顣ϣԺܹгϢһЩ
ɽ˵֣峤峤ʱޣһҽ򻹺ȥҳԷأҪȥˣǿɵ𣡣
֣΢΢ûа취
ĲΪ峤֣ǧ˵ϣĶĲ
֣ѲɾԸ⿴ɽ˵ţ
֪ҵĿֲλ֣֣Ҷܹأ
ˣ
֣׵ˣԭϣԼĶӻ֪ԼӵԸ
ԼĶӻˣһԭľü޷ճ
һнΪԼҪûмʱֹԼӵΪ
½ɺܲһҲҧгݵĿɽҪͷǷԼͷѾǲ̫ˣ
ҵıң½ɲ֪Ѳܲӻ֪
½ҪȥǱܲӸסˣ
ɣ
ɽϳֳһĨζЩͷӣƵĿ˿һԵ֣ӣ
֣ɱ˰Ŀ⣬ɽЦһƺ֮ǰֶνˡ
֣ӲǇNɪڵҪ㻹ôNɪ
˵Ŀⶼۼ֣ϣ֣Ѿʹı۾
ְ֣֣ôãⷹ׻Բ˰
֣׼¹֮ʣһˬʵ˽
һ̶סˡ




2873ֱɽ
 

֣һڣ
һ̶ǽĿ棡
Ϊôؼʱ̣Ȼ˸˵ĻǶҵһˣ
ɽĿĿվŵףδ˵
һԵ½ɺܲӿ׵ĵҲĿЩ͡
һﲻôֻأ
ǻˣȻʱͦ
һ뵽֮ǰǶ׵ᣬɫЩˡ
Ϊûڹؼʱվ˼ˡ
֣㡭
֣ӿͻȻ֣һӶ֪˵ʲôˡ
Ѳֻһٷ
֣ԭǴ׵˹棬Ǽǿġ
ڣǿûб˿Ǳ˿һĻ
޷ܣ
һҪǿ֣ôܹһʵأ
лһٷ֣һӾЩԶԣ
оԼܵ׵ĳ
׿֣Цŵ֣쿪ѧһ죬㽫Էİɣܲôꤵվ߰ɣ
֣Ǽ£һ֣˵˵žȻЩ˵ȥ
ҡҡͷղײգլԺֵܾһôܹһЩèأ
èСӣ˵˭أ
ɽԭҪѵһһһġ
˭֪һʲôͷأ
ˣһӦҲѧԺѧ
סΪѧԺѧҲҶ
ֻû뵽ԼմסͱСӸ̼ˣ
峤ǰɣ
׿ɽҲЦе˹ȥ
ʲô
ɽ׵ӣһʱЩԲ׼һҪʲô
ݣ
һȭӰѾǳɽӸ˹ȥһ׸ҪһЩˣ
ɽɻʾ֮ˣô׵Ķأ
ֱӱһȭ˳ȥڵϲʡˡ
̾գ֮䣬ܶ˶ΪҪɽ˵Щʲô֪һ˵ֱӾͶ˰
Ŀɿڴ
֣ҵ˭Ҳû뵽һһֱӾͶˣȻ֣˿ҲһĽִ֪ˣ
ӣǺˣ
֣ŲʡµɽҲǸϽһԵ֣ʵ
֣Ӵ˿̿ףûκε֣һмĿ׵֣лл㣡
ֵ֮ͲҪ̸ЩˣǷһٷôΣˣ
׿֣Ҳ¶һ˿Цݵ
̵֣룬룬һ룬ڣ
֣֪ɽ³֣֣ŭһ
֣ν˵˾ʹˣôΰҲλѧԺѧɣ״ˣλֹӣǸǵڶԺԺϤġ
ֹӣûκεĹϵ㲻֪ҵıǿҡǲ𰡣ˣǻǸϽѧԺɣȽϵİȫ
֣̾һ鵽زѾܹƵˡ
ɽһʱ޷ճˡ
ɽһӿڴ¶֣ҷѡ
ʱǶԼĶӿҲ޷ġ
ҪԼĶӴͬѧϽ뿪ߣҪˣ߿¶߲ˡ
Цŵ֣峤α˵ľʧ룿һԭǷᡣɱ˲ͷأȻ˼¹Ǹʲôİɣһƽģ鷳֣峤һƲ˿ɺã
ֹʥɽأˡϷ׾ֹ֪ǡ
֣һĵȻҲЩˡ
ǴһĻôҲδûнĿԣ
ĳԶ۳İ취Ͳ֣峤ˣĳ˵˿Խ֣峤׷ǲĳˣ
׿֣ҲһĲ˵ײͣǽǺ鷳
ȻˣôȻҪġ
˭֣ӸԼһլԺأ˵ҲԵְɣ
֣ӿŵӣҲǶԼĸ׵״ˣ˵а취ǻа취أˣҲûˣ
ǡ
֣һΣҲûиõİ취ˡ
ڵ˵Ψһڴܹа취ҵˡ
ֻһԶ۳ʲô취أ
һССĶ۳ʥɽʵҲ㲻ʲôġ
һԵֺ֣Ƶ峤ˣˣǾ峤Ļ˵䲻ģĳ֣ҲҶ峤ô֣ҵϣڲ𣿡
Ҳֻˡ
֣̾һҲǳ˹ȥ
׵˵ǰѾԻò
ֻ֣˶һĳݣʱһһĹȥɽƺҲ˹
֣ɽȥδֹΪֹ֪Ҳûκεô
һ뵽пܹѰ֣ѾǸ˲ˣ
ʱһһĹȥ׺֣ӵ˾㷹֮ʣ֣ҵĴֱӱɣ
Ӱ룬ܿ㽫һ˸Χסˡ




2874峤ݵ
 

֣ܲͥԺ֮У
ɿ񱩵ɱ֮ѾӿΪ֮˿ȥһȻӣ
ƺǰ˷У
Ϊ֮˵Աߣ֮ǰһٵɽȻУ
ɽ򣬵˭۸㣿֣ҵĵӻǴ󰡣
˵ŮֽƣҲɽ׽㣡
ϵһֱǲһɽĶ񶾼ƻҲǾԼ׿ϵģ
֣Ҷ˵һֱǸвҿһ飡
ܹ֣̲˵ȷǸһ¥ĺûᡣ
ôˣ֣һֱгͻ˭Ҳκβ˭
Ҵߣҿ֣ҵĺûᡣ
ȥ֣ңɽԼ͵ˣҪ˻ȸ֣ʹġ
û뵽֮ǰ֣һﶯִԼҲˡ
û뵽֪ʲôطðʲӵͬѧȻԼһ٣
ѧԺѧ˲
ʥɽӷͬ
ѧԺѧ淸飬һҪܵϳ͵ġ
ȻѧԺһ㱣ɡǱֻЩؼ͵ˣǺΪˡ
Ļ˭ԼѧԺѧˣ
㡭̫̫ˣҡҲ˵
ɽһݼɵĸ֣֮ǰŰȣڵֱһֻԹԵС
ʲôߣ㾡˵ˣҵҪ˭ҴҵСӣ
˵֮Ϊҵ峤
һ壬ʥɽҲġ
Ȼܹʮ󳬼ȣһߣҲǱȽţġ
ԭԼţû뵽ԼỹûпʼãԼСӾܻˣ
ɽʵ˽⣬Ϊһĸǰһֱǰһĵ֮ˡ
һҲ֪ɽ֣ңΪ˸ȥֻظ
˵ģҪٸɱң
ɽΨ²ңǼһĨŭ
Ȼ
ߵʱɫѾ˼㣬һڼȻ˸˵Ĵʴʣ˭峤վ
һߣ
ֺ֣֣ѾٴһվǱߣ
еĿҲֻԼ֪ˣ֣ԼӾǸǻ
ߵ⼸ͬѧһͷԵģҵˣǾȻܹԱ㣡
ȻǸ׵˵ԼܹƽһԶ۳ļһܰƽʥɽ飿
ԼԼаɣ
ֻ֣ûκεİ취ɽѾǵˣ֣ҾҪҲǲˣ
Щһ˾Ͳܻͷˣ
ҲΪʲô֮ǰ֣Ը֮¹ҲԸĵ׵ԭ
̰
οЩµأ
ֻлǲϣ
峤֣峤֣ᣬ峤죡
֣Ҳ֮дһ˿İ֮ɫ
֣峤ߣõúܣȻҵСӶҴ˭ĵӣ
Ŀ֣֮вһ˿ɫʣ
峤֣ҵĴҡ֣Ը⳥⳥ңֻҪܹõóģ
֣Ϊ֣ҵ峤֪ô˵֣ҶȻ޳ܣ
⳥ң
ԺһƬ֣һк֮أ
ڳİ취ܹ֣ңʲô취أ
ҡҲҪ⳥ҡҾҪҵСӵȻǴҵ֪СӣǾȻǿ
ɽһѱһĿ
ȥǲСңһΪڿһ
ȴ֮ˣʵеĺܣ
һЩжԼСӻǺܲ
ߣ֣峤Ȼҷ˺СӷˣôҲ֣׷ֻҪǽ˵ˣ֮˱峤һŲ׷
֮Ĩһ˿ɱ⣬֣˵
ֻ֣ߣǰһڣ
һԵֺ֣ƹ峤֣Ҳ뽫˸㣬ѧԺ
ѧԺģƺЩüʵ
ʵ峤˵֣ҵ峤ͬѧֹӡֺ֣֪鷴ȥҲô˵ˡ
ǿѧԺĽƿԵֵһӲǣ
ֻҪס峤Ǿ͵Ǳס֣ң
ߣѧԺΣѧԺѧˣһҪܵϳ͵ģ峤ѲɾͲѧԺôѧԺŻңЦ˸ҹ
Ŀֺ֣ƣ˿̵ֺ֣֣ɫҲѿ˼㣡
ǣô簡ҵȳôѧ
׻ʥɽûлǣ쿴Ҫˣ




2875ºٻף
 

֣ͥԺ֮У
˶Ŀף
ԭ֣ڵˣĵҲŵЩҴ
Ȼ֮ǰ˵컨׹֣ӵЩǣ
ϾغԼδˣ
֣ӵû뵽ǰһﾹȻҵĸֱ֣Ӳ
һҪǶˣĺܲң
֣һĿףоһһ㣡
ѲڻûиʥɽǸʲôĵλ
򣬾͡ңˣ˵ʲô
ɽҲ˵һߵڰ׵ıµҲһ
׿ɽЦһ˲ƫƫҪ˱Ҳõĺܣ
һǶôš
ɽףָ׵Ҳ΢΢ƺ
ۿףˮʵղ˵Ҳô
ΣԺĳҲʶģ׵˵
˵ʲô㡭㾹ȻԺ
ԭɫһЩ仯ƺһ˿֮ɫ
ô𣿡׿˵ļһҿԵʲô鶼ûз
㡭ʶԺ
һһףһԵЩˣ
ô໰ʲôֱӴ˵ɣС㶼
ƶ㲻ҡҡͷЦһ
峤ִ粻ʶԺԺԺ֮λɶִġ
֣һ˵ʶЧˣҲ̰ǻ
½ɺܲҲͬʱͷȻҲܽš
Ǹף
Ҳ˵֮ǰ飬ֻûۼ
峤Ҳ˵ҵͷĳø⳶Ͻ
׿һǴүģ
һԵɽƶĿɿڴĿһУȻû뵽Σ
ˣһļʱһǼǱԺѡһ˶ѣʱԺ˵ѹҲʶһһǻá
ɽƺʲôȻûпѧԺ
ǵʱںҲǿһĻֻʱûе¶ѡ
֮ǰ׵ʱȻһûϳ
ڱôһ˵Ҳ
ɽȷ
ԭֻ˵飬ھʲôҲûп
Ϊ׼ҰǺӰϵĶɽ٣ڴҶڹע顣
˹ΪɽѰû뵽ȻʶؼԺˡ
Ҫ֪ҵıʵϾؼңͶؼѾʮˡ
ܹʥɽܹչ˵ǿ󣬻ΪǱؼҵĴ
Ȼȷˣʱܶ˶ˣԺһﶼǰģɽƶ˵
ʵɽˣһԵ֣ӵ˭ûп
װԺԺλã»Ĳһ࿴أ
ֻǺһص㣬ǾΪʲôѡأ
ֵģ⳶ƤıµǲСȻؼѹңǷʰ
ߣҲĨһƬ˪
׵һ㲻ؼѹ㣬ҺΣ
Σ챾峤㿴ܲκε㣬ÿ
һԵˣҲŭһ
峤»СΪϣǴʶؼ֮ˣǿɵ¿ˣ
Աߣһλ߳
ʲôɽղŲ˵ɽôƭأ˵ˣԺҵĹϵ㲻֪
˵üԺʶΣ
һңѲɻȲһѧԺС
峤
ҵλһϳɳصˣȻḡ̫һ
ˣҵСӣ˵ʲôҲðһ˷ǰǾҪƵĸǰչʾһ˵۷硣
ֻ֪ԼչʾĶƺЩˣ
ҵλ̾һ׵ķ˹ȥҲǼҴҵʧ˵ĸǰ
ؼǳ壬κθؼйҶпɻԵĴ
ߣһΪ˱һʵҲΪ˲ǣ
һȥʵȥؼȷһ飡
Ǵ˲ʶؼҵǾǶҲν
ʶĻڹȥüһ´Ǿͻ֮ˣ
ֻǾҵ뿪֮ѾǾӸµվ׵ĸǰ
·һ̣Ҫ׸˺һ㣡
һԵ˭ҲҶְģϾҵʵ̫ǿһЩ
˵Ӱ
֣ƺֻܹĿ׸ԣȴΪ
¡
һ̣
ˣ׵ĳˣ




2876´۾һĻ
 

֣ͥԺڣ
ɽƽһЦǸоԼļƻѾǳɹһˣ
ֻҪ֣ңôҵȻǰٳ߸ͷһ
ڳһЩ⣬һѡֵĶȻһˣ
ȻˣǲˣֻҪˣǾ޷ճˣ
¡
һȭӰ׵ĳ׵źХ
ղһϷˣԼٻȻһ˿µĸо
ԼŮ˵棬ȻΣ
ȻǷǳķŭˣ
ԼԼİŮǰˣһжΪһ˵һģɵĻ
Ҫ仰ĻôΪһʶأ
ͻȻ֣֣ӵҲһĿɿڴҪ֪Ȼᡣ
Ѿɵ۳ڵĸˣѧԺҲЩģ
Ȼڳֶ֣ǿסģ˭أ
ǰ֣Ҳģ֣֮ȴĲҸ֡
һ֣Ǿ³
ο֮ǰ׵ĻǾҲܳ˲ĵز
飡
ȭͷ˭Ҳû뵽׾ȻĶ·磡
֣ӵ˻ûзӦʱȴȻһѪֱ˳
գ֮䣬ĺѾǱ׸׵
·һֻҪԸ⣬ʱ
۾
˶û뵽һĻĳ֣
ԭΪʵȻλѧԺ֮˵Ķְɣ
˻ڴնɱһĻĵ
û뵽һͳץ˴۾һĻ
ʤѷ֣
֣ӵ˻һԵ֣ˣҸЩ֣ƺûзӦĹ
ڵѾǳΪ˱еˣ

Ƶĺƺʲô˸סһ㣬Щüˣ
һԵɽҲǾ㵵ĿŶ㣬⡭⵽ô°ôôʵ
ɽڻ˵ʲôϽȥ򰡣
ƿɽԼ˱˸ץסˣҲǲͶҽ
㣬ûɣʵܾȽ򣿡ɽ˿ЩԾҪˣ
ЩɸֵĿԼܵܣҲЩĻͷ
˿һҵһڸ֣Ҳŭһǻסʲô峤ץˣѲǰ費ɣǸһ֣֮ͬ˶ɱ,һ
ٷˣ⡭峤Ǹһϰ
ҵһѾǽ׸Χסǲ׵Ķ
оԵܹնɱף峤κε⣬Ҳ֪Լ³Բã
ԣΪ˱ֻܹΧ
ȿȿȣ
֮ʣļԴ˴˿̵
ʱ
֣һֵĿףæֹӣ⡭Ͻ峤ɡ
֣峤ȻץˣΪҪŰǺǣСҪɱңҲʱɱ
׿һһԵ¶һ˿Цݵ
ǸںްղһΪһǸ
֮ŷִ˵ʵԲԼԱġ
һеĹѾǳΪѹϡ
ֲ࣬һ
֪ǰҪԼĵҲ練Ƶ顣
˿̣ƾȻԼ˲ľԼҲּŮǲǷˣ
𡭡ɱҡ
ףԭű˰֮ɫ
죡
дɷķ緶ֻ⿴ȥʵЩ˰ĸо
׵˵ɱ㣿ҲԣҵĽܹ¸֣ҵǸҿ鵹ǿԲ׷
ף峤еһպ㲻᲻ɣ
ܴ谡
Լδŵϱһ˵Ǹⲻܴʲô
ԭ̬һǿӲ
֣׵ĻҲǺһķ
ֵСҪ֣Ӱ
һԵ֣ӣڿ׶оһĿֲ
ʹãǧʹãֹǧ𰡡
֣δŸԼ¹򰡣
Ժ֣һеĻ
峤ԼҲԸԼȥ˰ǿɾ͹ֲĳˣ
׿ҲЦһ
㡭ʿˮ
ٺ٣ĳҪ峤ĵǲƢôӲ
˵꣡
׵һֻѾǳĵ֮ȥ
ɫɷףһԸ𱣻Щ֮Ҳһ֡
ɾ׼Ҫһ˲䣬ʵҲǲ֮ͨˣٸ峤һѡĻᣬҪôǽ˹£Ҫô峤ĵﱻˡ
ߣҵ峤һ
׿Ц˼ΪһŮˣΪǴ̼˺Լˣ㹻ԵģȻ㲻ţĳš
ס֣
׼ģҪ֮ʣһѾ쳹֣ң




2877ĳĿ
 

ʵϣ
֮ǰ֮ǰѾǿҵλߵȥ
֪߿϶ȥȷԼǷؼʶˣ
ֻû뵽ͷͦǿһλȥһˡ
ӣˣ
Ϊղһ̣ǸܵСӵɱôŨң
ǱСӸϵĻôԩˣ
ϾʵԼû̫ĹϵȫΪ֣Һҵìܡ
ֲɵӣôῴҪҵ֣أ
ֻΪһֱƵɫ֮ж԰Σ
ҪŮ˵ĸǰչʾһԼҵʵ
û뵽ǣһβһ˷۱
űԼѫȻˣҲǳ׵һ
ϣҡ
ѫѫǱԼͷͷ
֮ǰ֣ѫʲôطȥˣѫ͸һ㣡
ѫԼ峤ҲǶ׹ֹӣ֮ǰҵ۲ʶ̩ɽֹӷŹҼ峤
ףؼҵ֮һĹɣ
˿һεĿ׵ʱɫҲΪĸӣ
ôҲû뵽ԼЩļһȻͷôĴ
۳۾
˵֮ǰĻʥɽҲ㲻ʲô
ڲһˣλ½Ķ۾Ѿɽ綼ЩƮҡˡ
½ս׷ɲ㣬λ½Ķ۾Ҫʥɽ׼ң
Ǻεȵۻǣ
ԼԼĸἰݵĻ»ҪֳСЦأ
ȻԺˣĳȻҪԺӵġֻ׿˿˿Ҳɫһ
ʿˮֹ֡ӣû뵽Ժѣˡ׾ĳһ
ĻһԵɽˣ
֮ǰɽ˵װף˵ԺѹҲƲֵġ
أ
ͲԺλ˵ʱȻǸ߸ϣǿȴƺЩӡ
ȫʽģ˵ʲô
˵ǰλ׵ˣ˼ҳѧԺѧ֮⣬϶ؼйϸ˰
ɵһΣԲܷɵڶΣ
ؼңǲǶҵĺ·
һԵѫҲǶ׹ֹӣмЩᣬһֹһ
ͲˣֻҵֵŴı֮裬ܵøҵֵһЩɣ
ʵҲ˳ĻԺ֣ദʱ仹Ƚϵĳ
ܰһʵԺԼҲЩġ
ԼԺԼĳ̶ҲǲһĲ
žžž
ɽֱӹ׵ĸǰϵĳԼĴӣȥһϴı飡
ױܵüͷ죬ʮСһ
һ־Ļʱ»ʮٱ
ѫɽӣ˵һƾֹӺ֣Ҵãҵ飬ԺҾԲԤֺĳԸֹӱ֤峤ƵĻ¾ʹգ
ɫɷף
ߵʱоԼǰһڣ
һԵԭѾϴɫһӱЩ
ѫϣҺƵĻûйϵɣ
峤Ѳ㻹Ů˲ҵΪҵһ˽һ벻ʲ壬Ů˾Ҫã
ѫ̬ȼΪǿӲȥƺɣ
Ȼ峤ѫҲǵλĸߵ֡
һ׵˵ףеǵ˴ˣбҪô׷ʹ𣿡
ȻԺˣ˰ɣǶ߰ɣ׿ƵˣҲޱ˵
ʵϾͳɽôŰӣ׶ȻҲǲĹһġ
ֻұϾؼҵĸӹʱҪˣǲؼҵӣ
οҲ֪֪֪Լĵϸ
ѫǿдˣֻǱ֮ʱ׵ЩԹһ˿ɱ⣡
һԵ֣֮˴˿̿ȥΪļ֣˿ȥ˷ܲѣ
ôҲû뵽ֹĸؼҴһԺʶ
һԵ֣Ӻ½ɡܲӵ˴˿̿ҲǼ֣
ԺѧԺǾǲܺߣҲţˣ
ô£
˿ǰװԼѧʻŸ߸ϵŮ񷶣
Ժ֣ҸؼҾˣ
֣ԭί˵һ֮ʱ˵һ֣˲ڵĻ




2878벻Ϊʥǿߣ
 

֣ҷˣ
ؼҵĵλȻǲ˵ġ
ֻҪԺ仰֣ҵһıɡ
ؼʲôݣʥɽǿǳĴڣĳ壡
Ҳֻа׼Һܹ֮Ტ۵Ĵڰ
֣һӼЩ޴룬׿֣Цŵ֣峤ĳٷûа׳԰ɣ
ûûûֹ˵ЦˣԺ֣ҵĹ
֣ҲǼ˵˵׵ĵǽĿǰ鷳
Ժ֣е鷳˵ǽˣ
֣ܲ
һԵ֣ӿףĿ֮оȻǷһ˿Ứִ磬ԺҵĴ磬֣Ժ͸ˣ
һ֣ӵԺҪһǸǵ
Ժ
֣ӱôһ˵һҲǱЩ
һԵЦŵԺĳ۵Ǻܸ߰
ˣףһЩҪ㣬߰ɣ
һεĻָԼĸ߰Ȼ֮кҪλ۾Ǹʲôˣ
Դ֪׵֮Դ鼫Ϊĸӡ
ʵÿһ֪ݵĶеġ
ҲЦŵ֣峤ҵȾȸˣԺлȻᵽ֣ͣ
Ժֹӡ
֣Ҳ֪˼Ҫ̸ȻҲǿе
ó׵Щ̫ԾȻ֪浽׷ʲô飡
֣֪λѧԺŮԺǿɻûз
һ˼Сڰ죬ҲܹĲǣ
ڶ֣˵֣δԸǵĻˡ
֣ӡ½ɺܲҲǸ׹֣Ѿǽ׿լԺĴˣ
һ飬ĸ֮еĵλҲǳ׵ĵ춨ˡ
˲֪ǵλԺǵӰжôԶ
֣ڻоԼõһЩô֪δôൽĵز
ʧ֣ҵǰ׶ľС·֮ϣ
ֵۣҺÿడ
˿̿ף֮һ˿Թ֮ɫ
һ㶣漴ЦŵɲܹңԺ׵⡣
״Ĳ֪ôģҲһֵۣҲЩƵ˵
֪߲ǺǣοҵǾ֮ǰദģʽͦġҲݸһЦ
ԥһ׵ֵ۴˷ǱѧԺΪʲô˵ֵĿǰĵλҲ˰ɣ
˰׼ң׵˵
ļٵģ𾪵Ŀʵ
ЦŵһιҪ̽̽׶ѣ׼ҵʵȷǲСҵŷɵɡ
ֵӦ֪׼ܹʥɽȻĵģ۳Ȼǿ󣬿ʥɽЩҲˣ
Ĳ֪һﵽţ
׵ȻһЦͲҪԺˣ
ðɣȻֵôҶȻȫҲǵ
ԺȻҲԺġЦŵ
Ǹ״˵˼ҴҸǱҲ֪ؼ붫۳ˣȻҲ֪ΪʲôľǼȻ󲮾ˣؼ붫۳֦ͬҲӦģ
˷ǰҪ׵ʲô
ֻû뵽һԼ˿ԼģȻҲڶ̫ˡ
οղԻԼ뷨
ؼҶ붫۳ˣԼǲ׵ĻŸ
ȻѧԺڶԺԺ˵ؼ֮˲
ԺôżܾѲԺͲҪٳ߸ͷһ
׳ջһֵܹģ
һŮ񷶣֮һǿʤȴȼա
ΪڶԺԺϣԼܹΪʥǿߣΪ幱Լһ
ʥǿҪΪܹΪ˵
Ȼǣ
ֱ˵ĸԼ˵ٳ߸ͷһѾһ
ֵۣ֪ʲôʵƵĿʵ
׵ȻһЦȻ֪ɵۺ۷壬ֻǾʥƺһЩ룡
˼ܹҳΪʥǿߣǺǣֵ۲ԼĿ̫һЩ𣿡
ףҲǸоһﴵţݸˣ
Լʵ»ûʥأ
ƾʲô˵ȿ֪Ļأ
ѲΪԼһɵӲɣ




2879ĻԵ
 

ЦˣЦЩţ
ǳ
ʥ
˵ʥǿܹôʵҲֲ̫˰ɣ
οĻ۳ضʥǿߣ
λ۾ʵڴ˻ǳ˺棡
Ϊɽ֮֮꣡
ܹҫǳˣҲǰλ۾ˡ
Ѹײڶ֮𣬳ΪɽΪ貵һǡ
һ·˼ǧʱݺɽ硣
ȻʥɽЩǿ߻һЩࡣ
˭Ǵʱأ
ʥɽǿߣҲĬĬֻ֮ıǿ߶ѣ
ڣǰһͻȻ˵а취ԼΪʥǿߡ
ţһﻹû£
ֻջòȥһĽȥ
׿˵Ժޣ
֮
һ̵İһţ˿ְ̿ԵʹвȻһ
ֵԣʵǲ֪Ӧôȥţ
ǣ⵹ҲǣļʶȻǺģ
׵˵˵Ĳûȷ޷⡣
ʵɽκһ˶׵˵ǡ
Ϊʵ̫һЩ
㡭ֵ⻰ʲô˼˼ʶˣ
ЩҪ۲ѧţʥɽҲٮٮˡ
һˣôܳԼʶأ
׿˵ˣа취Ϊʥǿߣа취磡
ֵۣ֪Լ˵Щʲô
һЦ˳һﻹĵԼ񲻳ɣ
ɽûĴڣҲЩˡ
Ȼ֪ԺѲɲǺΪʲôͻȻ֮ͷ𣿡
׿ȻһЦ
ɾһ仰ֱЩʯˣ
Ǻӣ
ײἰĻһ㻳ɶûС
ϵķʥɽҲ۲ڶ˽ΪǺԼķֱӷˡ
ͻȻ֮ἰ£𾪵ĿʵѲɸֵйأ
ǺӾ绹һξ룬ȴǰɽٷ
׿ҪŮ˸ǰ԰ڣ
ؼҵţôҲؼһǿսѣ
Ͷ֮ң֮
ҫҫԼǲһʳˣ
⡭Ϊϲŷģ⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣ
Լܹͣһλɵۺڵǿ˾̾ģҲˣ
Ժˣ׵ȻһЦ
ҪʵƵĿʵ
׹һЦԺǲް޵ҪԺԸһԣ
ҵҪֵʲô񹤣ܹΪʥǿߣ
Ȼǲܾģ˵һᣡ
ҽ
Ҳʵһ뷨϶ûϣġ
һԵҲ޷
ʧˣ˵Ҳû̫ʧ
һҪǳɹˣʥɽʷһλʥǿߣ
ջ󣬶˵Ǻѵֵס
ã޽Ժ޵ûǳɹˣԺֵΣ
Щ뿪ЦĿ֮һ˿Ƶζ
ͻȻЦĳɹĻԺֵ˵Բᳯ
ãһΪ
ҲǴһӣ˿ƺʧĳطǴûгֹһ㣡
ڣ
һγһƬ޵Ŀռ֮еʱҲһ㤵Ŀʵֵۣ㡭ʲô˼⡭⵽ʲôطҡôоʥɽĴˣ
һƬԳɵĿռ䣬ԺڸԺͰɡڵĵ֮ҪԺٳ߸ͷһ𣿡
ײδ̫֪࣬ԽȻԽõġ
һνӴȻ֪ⶫʲô
ԸԴҲ벻⾹Ȼһ
ֵ۹Ȼͨ󼰵ֶΰһ𾪵Ŀףδ֪ǿµġ
ಣ
δ֮ʣѾǻԡ
һǿصӿɫһ
㶵ĿЩʧ
Ϊ֮ǰڰ꿋SľۻϣǺӰϲǶⶫǳ




2880³
 

ڣ
û׵ô£͸оһȵ˺Լ壡
ʵһֱɢ˲һεƬ
Ӱ׵ԣ
˿̣
׵֮򳹵׵İסΣ
оռ֮л˵Ĵڡ
ȻҲ֪׾Ƭռ֮УֻӦòܺġ
棬Ϳˣ
׿ҲǵȻһЦЩҪתʱͿռ䷨ƬĿǰʵĺ
˵ͼ򵥵Ķˣ
浭һЦһͿЩƬס
ֻҪǺܴĻӦ֪ôˣ
濴ףһԼ֪ôȥʱͿռ䷨ĻôҲΪˡ
ʦڸˣ
仰ǷڵΣ
֮ڣ
ԭһ±״̬֪׷ʲô飿
ǽţƺʼĸЩɽԴ
ԭ˫Ҳǻıϣ
ϥԭЩʱͿռ䷨ƬҲ֮вϵţ
Ϳ컯ˣ
׿˵һʱ䷨Ƭ֮Ҳ¶һ˿Цݡ
ЦŵŮ޵ĻԵҲǲСܹСΪʱͿռ䷨Ӧûģ
¡
ʱȫĳһƬĺ֮Уʱüʱչ
һƬƬƬǵȴŹǵʿһ㣬ϵĳ֮лȥ
״˷ҪܵʱͿռ䷨İ壡
ǲģܹڶʱʱͿռ䷨򣬻Ҫúõһġ
ʱ䣬
һƬĺ֮ͷ򣬲츳ʵҲǾ˵ĺܣ
̶̵ļ칦ȻܹһƬռ֮еʱٷŻ
ò˵ȷų󼰵츳
׿ڲʱͿռķҲЦŵ棬ɽҪһλʥǿ˰
Ǻǣӵ츳ʵ˿ֲϲ˰
濴ףҲǷĵ˵
Цŵʲôùϲģʵϵ磬ʵҲʲôǣֻɽһսѣ
׵ĿѾǷ۵磬һУʵϾΪŬ
ɽ磿
ܶ˽Ŀɽ磬׵ĿѾˣ
ͷɵۺڵĲΣʱͿռ䷨ѶҪ˺ֻܹܶ࣬ѸٵʱͿռ䷨δǰ;Ҳǲ
棬ǿƣʱҲֻܹһһ˰ҵȲǳɳһ찡
ţ츳ʣ˦ûжġ˭Ҵ޵ػأ
ҲһЦܹףʵҲǷǳοġ
¡
һ죬֮ɢһ˵Ĺâ
ռ䷨򣬳ɣ
֮дһǿţһĨѰ֮Աġ
ʱͿռ䷨ĻϣҲ׻һЦ
ףǺǿҿΣ
Ҳû뵽ٶȾȻôĿ졣
棬Եɶϵüʵ
׵ĵĲ޵ʵ֮ǰǺӶɽٵʱѾЩˣ
һԭֻҪŶѣ
ĻԼоЩԾҪǶĻָ洦
浭ȻһЦսĿǰ˵ǼġҶָһЩʱٻָһЩʱνολ÷ǳΣա
Է飡
λõȷ쳣Σգһ׼֮˷ݣ嶯һЩĻ
Ҫôĸ֮ͻΧʵϲһ׵飡
һοڣ׵֮Ѿһεĳӯ
һΣƺ֮ǰҪĸӵһЩ
׻ûлɳĮ֮ˮԴ֮һ㣬ʵˮ֣
ʱһһţ
֮ѾǼ࣬ȴв֪
׺һֱţƺҲǾĵȴصһ̣
ʥһΪأ
ڡڡںʹĴ󾳽磡
ʥɽʥǿȻڶ࣬ɾҲֻͣʥڵʵѣ
ĳֲڶ
ܹﵽʲô̶ȣҲЩĿԴϾĵһγԣ




2881³װݷ
 

֮ڣ
ԭʧһգƺҵ˷յٶԽԽ죡
Ŀӣ
ʱĿ絶һ㣬˸ҫ۵Ĺâ

Լ֮֮Ҳǳ˼֮ɫ
ʥ𣿡
һεĽӴɵۺڲͬ
оԼսǳʼα
һΪɵۺںʥĲಢǺܴ󣬿Լˣ
Ǵķǳף
ʥɵ۾Աġ
ƿʱͿռķս֮еĺôѾǲԶˡ
ﵹǲɽʥĶֵĻӦǴﵽʥ˰ɣ
濴һԵЦʥڣʥҲһ֮ңѣ
һﵽʥɣֻҪ㹻ٵע⣡
ôɽٷָտɴˣ
˵׵һ࣬ʡȥʮĿޣֹ
ǳλ׼ҵ峤
ɵ۾ĺڴﵽʥڣǱ㻨ʱ䡣
û׵İҪ̤ʱͿռķѶǷǳĴġ
ţ棬һο˰
ҲǷԷθĿ棬
΢΢ҡͷ޷ҵȥϢһˣֱӺҾͺˣ
棡
׿ȥҲԼĿĿ뿪
ԭ׼˵ǵ׵߾ȻһλüĿߵʱҲЩŵĲ˵ˡ
ʵϣڵʵҲĶ֣
ﻹҸ׶֣½һˡ
ֵۣһǳ׵İݷˣ
ȥҲѡԵĺˡ
Ϊ׵ܣȻ˼ҵܣԼֺαȥ̽أ
οڻԼ֮УһֱоЩ˼飡
׿Цŵ޵Ҫȹϲ峤ˣû뵽峤֮ǿ
ֵ۾ͲҪЦˣûֵۣڶ֪ʥΪأ
ô˵Ҳǫ飬ûףҪʥǳ˵Σ
Ȼнʥɽ̤ȵʸˣӵʸΣ
̤ʱͿռ䷨ǳϡ˵̤ȻһĸʳΪʥǿߡ
ʥɽô̤֮꣬
ܹΪʥǿߵˣʮ֮һ
츳̤ȲҳΪʥǿ߻¡
ҪɵĳΪʥڵǿߣǼǲܵ顣
ôˣʥڶĸ֣ӵʥʵ֮ˣԲʮˣ
ӣѾԳΪʥɽʮˣ
׿ڰֵ޼Ȼ˵ˣȻҪġ飬Ҳ׿ڣ
֮ǰֵ⣬ֵ۵ֶʵо羮֮ܣЦˡ
ҲԽ۵׵ƨ
ʵڻôģ
ֵ̫ǿˣǿѾǳ֪
׿һЦؼҵǿҶ۳һԺҪлĻҲֻܹлҫ峤ѡˡ
ֵۣԺκεҪһ߾ȫֵ֮
ǱԼģʵԼҲ˽ĵġ
Ȼʵǿᣬ츳ڣ
ʥɽ츳֮˲ˣҲֻǰǺһ˶ɽٶѣ
Ҳ֪˰ǺӵĶɽһɵġ
ѲԼɽ𣿵Ȼǣ
֮ǰ׵ĲмֻΪ˵̫˶ѡ
ô𣿿϶ˣ
ãҪĶɽٷ磬ǿ»ǿ˼ֵ۰
ֲԼĴ󲮣Ҳؼҵ峤ҫȻһССĶ۳
˼ֵ۵ıѾǳ˵ⷶΧˣ
ˬʵһЦԺ֮Ͳ߿ȥˣȻˣȻҲλġ
ֵۣǡǡ
˿̿ףߣƺҲЩΡ
׵һЦܸʲôѧԺ£ѧԺ֮ԺԺ׻ס
Ҷ
Ҳ¶һ˿ЦݣһȻǶġ
Ȼ׵ֶΪǿɰ׼ҡ⼸ҵʵҲǲС֣
Լ¶ףڲ
Ȼǲó
һεĻص֮ǰʧ·棬ֻоһ档
ʵȾ磬Ȼ֪׸ղŵ״Լȥʲôط
һ·ǰУֻûã׺ͬʱͣԼĽŲ




2882°·ɱ
 

üͷ
һԵ׵ȻһЦƺԤϵĽ
·ɱ
׵һ˿ɭϵЦ⡣
ˡ
ѹĺܵͣҲɫҲ
Ȼ˸Ұ·ɱѧԺ֮ˣԼԼڳ£˻ǵ찡
Цŵ֪ˣҳ֮ˣĸǵĺ棡
ҵˣ
ûôע⣬Ȼ˿ʵѸ٣
ɾһʱỹûиϣҪʱĳ
ȻˣʶѾǴﵽʥĸ߶ȡ
ΪƺЩԶ޷ֱ˵˭
ؼҶڸӹĿƻ΢΢ҡͷ
׵֮ˣŻְ𣡣
װڰֵʱãֻҪ߾ˣ
ֵۣҡ
о޹⣬û뵽ҾȻ·ϣǷ˴ɻġ
޹أҸôȻ̣
׵ҲὫﵽؼҵͷϣο鷳˽ˣ
ݣ
ӰѾǳ׵ĸǰȻһźɫң˵˭
е£Ů뿪
Ϊ֮˿ĸıԼߣóƺڻرʲô
ʲôˣ
ղ׵ĻϸĿǸΪ֮ˡ
ʵѾǸܳˣһӦþ峤壡
ֻϣһԼϣ
忴ƺڱ֮ܿĽСӽɣԺ뿪ΪãҵȲˣ
壬ôĵӣ
Ŷ֮ˣЩ̲סĺǳ
㡭ô֪ң
ɫһĽҿԼͷϵĶң¶һӵģ
壬㾹ȻҰɱؼ֮ˣ˭ĵӣ
ɫѿ˼㣬оһĶˣ
֮ǰ֮£Ҳܸεġ
⻹ûߵѧԺ飡
ǿ벻̣
֮ɱƵ֣˿ûڡ
忴һЦһԺΪؼҳûйҲп͵İɣû뵽ԺȻΪһ֪ʲôطðˣҶ
һûؼң㻹ܴ𣿡
ԺҶؼĹһﲢؼ֮ˣǴӶ۳һСѣ㾹ȻԸΪһң
忴˿˿Լһݿ꣡
ôѾؼˣ֪ؼҶԴͽ³
Ժǻ˵ЦֻҪСӵͷѡڱѣֺһ˵ؼһҪңֻ˵Ҿ־֮ܣ
֪һѾҵĿɽ
ɽʵԲؼ֮£
Զ׼
ҵĿɽ㲻ʥɽһ׼ңҲӦļˣ
ĻƾһСС壬ĵԼ˵

ŭգ֮ǰһֱһ壬ȻʱԼ
һζȻб
ĺ棬һȺˣȻӦþǺˡ
ԺӼ˻ҧأԼ̫˰ɣ
Ĩһ˿ЦĿѾǳȥ
尡壬㻹ǳƢ˰ȻвԺ
һ˿ŵЦݣʥ֮ˣ
ʵʥʥɽʵҲǷǳĿˡ
ǿʥڵǿߣԼʲôأ
бͶһԣ˵
̾һԼҵģֱûѹ㣬Ȼ˺ˣǾҪӿҲûлˡԭҲͻ˭ϳء
ǲ֪ţ
׿壬˳
忴һһ֮ˣ֮˵ͷЦһǸףԭѧԺĺúõģƫƫҪ
ҿ֮ңң¶һ˿΢Ц
ͷ컹ôӲһʰ嶨Ҫܣ
ŭףóһǻȥˡ
ֻѹҲûн׷УֻҪ̫ƽˣ
ǣ۸һŮʲôĶң
һ̤ɽҲΪ֮һ
ֻ仰ǱߣȻЦ
̫




2883صҸ
 

ɽ֮صһ֮У
ʱλֵӰ˲δκεαװǴŵʥɽеļΣ
˶ҵλʥǿߣЦ棡
Ц峤аĵܵܣҲҵĸ峤аҲֵܣ
һλҵĸ峤һλҵĳϣ
ң˿νλȨصĴڣ
̫࣬һеĸԴƺͬһˣף
峤аѾܵķɱ
Ͼ׵ıؼҳȻĿǰ֪Сͷʲô
ټСѧԺˣҶȻʱȻնɱһλѧԺѧɣ
׵ܵģ
һѾǴɹʶˣֻ֮ǰûп׼!
Ϊ죬ǺӵĶɽʥɽΪ֮䶯
Щôɺϣ֣ҶɽֵʱѾǱĵң
峤峤Ķ磬һֱΪĳ谮
Ҷؼһֱã˭ǵʵأ
ֻҰһֱᣬϾұʥɽǿļ׼ң
ʵҲ̾Ϊֹ
ԣڳ֮ҺȻ֮͵
ٶ֮죬Ŀ࣡
Ц˿һȻΪʥĸ֣ڿЦһĿ֮ĳͻ
磬ʵҲǲģܹնɱҲʧΪһͶ״
ЦԱߣһȻ˵
ЦԼĺ΢΢һЦǰܹնɱؼҲһ޴Ĵ
ҪǣұؼҵˣնɱʱҵҲǰһ
֮Ĩһ˿⣬һԵЦҲЦһ
ЦͷǸ׵Сӵʲôͷ
磬Ѿ˴̽ˣСӾͺǴʯͷĳһ޹ɿѭ
ҲƵĿ˿һԵЦ˵ſ۽
ҲһС
ȻǿСҪնɱԼӦǲ̫ܵ顣
ǣΪԼӣҲԳˣ
ȻˣԳҲ֪黹ҵȽϵĺʡ
٣һҸ޹ˣ
˿̣
Ѿվ˳ЦҲ񣡣
СӾȻ˵Ҫս壿ĪǸɵӣ
ĿԶĳҲ¶һ˿Цݵ
Щ֣
ЦҲüĿŲԶףüͷ
磬ʵҲûʲôֵģ֪ʵ൱ĲġҿһǱQĻţʱ򻹵
濴ЦҲǲмҡҡͷ
̫ѲղûпǸ׵СվʱĲʵԲǱϵô򵥡
ЦЩ֣һȻʵжǿ
Ǽһﲻ𾳵ʵĪʲôʵķɣô˵Ļӵ϶͸һйˡ˶ȻǶƭˡ
ɫ׵ҲĿɺһƬ
ЦͷܣܣǧҪ嶯Ƕ̫Ļʱ²ýҲ
磬ҵȻ֪ԣ⣬赶ɱҵĿǰõѡˣ
̾һоԼЩϧˡ
ܹΪԼֱоΪź
ֻ֪ѾѾǱ׸ˡ
ЦȻһЦܣȿְɣ۳ɰǶܳ顣
ңĿЦʵ
һССܹؼҳʧأҲδزһ¡ЦͷȻСصôҲĻϲ⣬ؼӦʲô
ʲôأǶҪˣЦŵ
¡
ʱһȭѾǺЦҲǵɴ۾Ŷ棬ѾЩɵˣ
ȻȥˣһĪҲʥǿߣصĻǺ
Ҳ𾪵ĿŲԶ
һԵЦһû˿𣿿Ѿ֪˴˵ʵˣߣ˱Ҫܣȥ׼һ£ܹˣ
ݺݵĵͷʱЦһѾȻĽӽ׺ڵ
ǿǵʵ˾ǲܷԼġ
ڴʱǵһʥɽ׼ˡ




2884е³
 

ѧԺɽ֮У
֮ǰ״صѡһȽƫƧĵط
Ѱ˺ܾҲûҵ׵˵ټ
ֻǵһγʱǲŷ˵ټ
һ·棬ѡһ̵ĵط׼֣
ʱ˺ͣ
֮˺֮ˣоطΪʵġ
ʱ
֮У
忴׾Ȼ㿪ԼĵһҲЩ𾪵Ŀ׵㾹Ȼʵ
׵ȻһЦΣ
㵽˭Щˡ
ԭΪһѹСආҡһԼЩ͸
仯Щˣ
δ֪Ŀ£
Ѿռ˾Եơ
ʤˣ֮Ȼ֪ҵ˭
ģΪʥɽǶȿΪĵط𣿡»ָԼţ
׵ҪȻɡ
ã
ҪľǲϵӦԼ塣
Ҫ֪һص˲ǿУ
ݣ
ʱκεķϻ˾ȻҪնɱԼ
ѲΪԼӲɣ
ʥǿߣȻʥǿߵϵģ

ռƺһѤĵֳ룡
ƺδһʯƾһ㣬ʥǿ߹Ȼ鴫
ȥɣ
忴ԼĵѾǾֻ֮ңҲŭһ

֮Уһײ뵽˵ĶУ
һߣ
һɫĽѾƿնֱǰĵײһ
¡
ǿ֮ĶֱɽΪ֮һ
ʵ̫ˣ
ǷһĵطֱӿԽһиΪƽذɣ
ǿ
ɴ۾ŶһоԼʧˣ
û뵽׵ʵǿԺԼ൱
ǿĻںأ
Цһʥǿ߽սоһ֣ˬ
嵽ƵʥǿߣʵȻʥڵǿߣʥڵǿ֮Ҳٮٮˣ
ߣ嵹Ҫʵʤһ
屻˵ƣҲɱˣ
˵֮ǰһ˿ϷʵıĻѾǳ׵ı֣
ˣ
ԭİɽȴ˿ѾһƬһƬɽȵϿգ
һ޴ס֮ео󣡣
ƿһ
׸ûκεԥѾǳķѹȥ
޴Ľռ䣬ɽĸоһ٣
Ҳǵһο׳֣ȻʵǿᵽһĵزҲ˽⵽Ϊʲôôˣ
˵ʵ
ղ׵ĳ֣ѾǸܵ׵ʵˣ
֪׵ʵڻԼλߣʵǿֲĺܣ
һֱŵľλ߲˵ţ
ʵϣ֪˿̵漸ʲôæﲻϵġ
ѹֵĿռ֮УһϽӰ
ǵϽӰԶ󣬷·µһֱ̿һ㣡
װŪ
ԸоһʵҲô£ӦûһЩԼ
׵ֶΣȴ岻ܹģ
׺ٺһЦԿ
ݣ
һɫĽ֮ͻȻһһ㣡
ٶ֮죬۸׽
˶֮ͨ˵Ļ˲䱻ɱҲܿġ
ãȻ֮ǿϢ
ԭΪ׵ʵɵɫĽҪԼһ˲ʱԼˣ
Ǵķǳף
̫ǿˣ
ǹᴩռһ㣬ΣǿѹһУ
ˣ
׵һ˿мЦݣõľе̬
ѲΪԼûɱ
ƿһǿǽŷұӵľѧ˵ͨ
ֻҪƷǿ˵ѾԶˣ
ѡʲôѡǸӲֻϧ֪ǿӵŲٿʱͿռ䷨ıµģ
ݣ
ֱӹᴩ壬ǵȴ׵߻
δδ𡭡
屻׸һͨ͸Ȼ˼ȴʵۿۣ
Ͼ߶ǿ֮еľתԼʵġ
Ȼǿ޸ģս˭ôʱ޸أ
֮г˾֮ɫôҲû뵽⿴Ƽ򵥵һȴѾǳΪԼ֮
һʱ䣬Χļλֶǻȴ˼
װȻĿڸһλᣬԼͶȥؼܷ㣿
ƾ㣿Լ˿ڣ֮дһ˿Ŀȵ
ʤ׷
׿ӣҲһεԼе޷潣ķɱȥ




2885ǿ
 

籩
׸ûκεԥ֪壬ǲһʼѣ
ֻô㱾£
ܹʥɽô꣬ôܾô㱾أ
ֻղѹû뵽׾Ȼ˵û뵽ѾӵԼˣ
֪ĻҲ˵ðˣ
ˣ
ҲĨһ˿ĺ⣬ıԼ۾еĳѾͷ֮ϣ
߱ɵ󣡣
һȣΧѾǳõĵӰ
һ㶣һֱն
ֻһƺ֮һûԭӦ
Сģҵľѧ߱ɵ󣡣
ףһҲ֪ӦôͣҵӦҲģ
üͷһ壬Ҳɹתأ
Ͼǿʥǿߣ׵ʵҲǸƽֶѣ
ܹʵĻĲУ
׵ʵ˲
߱ɾն
֮ʣѾһ˿Ц
ǿѧ֮ǰȻ֪ΪʲôСӻͻȻ֮Լһ£
Ѿ֪һЩСӵĹ죡
ʹʱҲǾ˺ǿԣ
ݡ
һһĵӰǲҪǮһĳ׵ķ˹ȥ
裡
׵Ӱ֮оŤι״һ㣡
Թ֮УҵһԳȥ·һ㣡
׾ȻĶ߱ɾն
Ŀɿڴ
忴ףоԼˣ
һﾹȻСĿռ֮жԼĵ󣡣
ûУ
еڣûпܹԼ߱ɵ
ʥ֮ˣǿĵҲֻжܵķݣ
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Ͼ⵶ǿҵľѧȻܹնɱʥڵǿߣסһʱ仹ǿԵİɣ
ֻǰС̫ˣûκεƶͶˣ
ôģ
һԵףҲǾ㵲ѣղҲŶһ
ƺЩѣû뵽ȴܺõıܿЩ󣡣
˿̸һĺҪ֪һﵽôģ
ǣˣ峤Ҳ˰ûʲôʵĻҿɵöˡ
ײмЦݣ׵Ĵ壡
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˫Щ΢΢ԭһһʧӰ٣
һɾȻƺ뵽ʲô
˵ףȻĻԻʥɽΪ
ͷˣȻôĵ峤Щ̰
׿壬ʵ֪һ̾ˣ
㡭ô֪ģ
循ֲѵĿףоԼ·Ǳ˰ǹһ
Լĵһôʲô֪أ
ʵһֱڶţǸܵвҲң
ѲľͲ
Ȼ£Ϊʥǿߣһ֮ңˣ˭Ըʱأ
һθ˵ǱΪ첻ԼˣҲλһԣ
ԭѹҲ֪ġ
û뵽Լûб¶ԼĵƣһﾹȻ˵Լ̣
һ֣㻹̫һЩͷܹɹѹأ̫ˣ
׿壬Ȼ¶Լݣ
ޣǺˣ忴ʵ
޸ղŴӦ㣬֮ǰ޶Ȼ޵ݡ˶۾ף
׿嵭ȻһЦһĵչ¶࣡
㡭ףֲãֲá
֪ΪʲôԼĶôˣͷŲҪ֮ˣ
ɽ磬Ҫ˭ţ浽Ҫⶫ۾һģ
Ҫ֪λ۾Ƕ۾ʱһ͸ս۳Ȩ
ʥɽ˭֪һĴڣ
־ܣһ̣װĿ
һλʥǿ˵ģҲ൱ţˣ
ףȻؼҷǱ˳׼˵ĲĿɲֹ֮ˡ
忴׺Ҳ¶һ˿˵Ц⡣
װ׳һĿΪôղѾ˵ˣͷҲڴˣ
ǿޱȣ
׵ǿǳģֻһ˺ֻ̣˵ѣ
ȻҲ˵λ۾ͷ
һӴ֮Ȼ䷢ǿĿԣ
ÿĿյҪСʲôֵܶǴ˴
¡
һɽƺ֮䱻Ϊƽأ
ֳŭڳ֮˶Ǹܵ
֮ҲŭֵҾȻԱԺ֣ǵĵӻǴ󰡣




2886ŵ
 

峤ϣ
֮ǰʵԼоһϤӰ
ֻûȫжϳ֮˵˭
һֱǵӰȫչĸǰȷ˵ݣ
ո̤ʥڣʶ滹Ҫʱ
ϾְһķʽҪһʱӦԼʵġ
ͻλʥڵǿߣܵĸоһĽţ
·ûӦԼʥǿ飡
ҵλһ̳֣Ǽ˵Ǳ¶ǵͼ
˿̸оֵǣΪʲôᷢˣ
Ҫ֪˵ʵҪأʵ̫һЩ
ڸղţ֮ײʵҲΪֱ۵ĸܵ׵ʵ
ʥڣ
׵ʵҲˣղѾǸױŷԲܳʥڣ
ǿߵĳ֣ܵüͷ
Ͼûս飬һ˵ĻһЩġ
ˣȫޣ
ߣԭģֻû뵽ʵܵĺܣȻСӶնɱˣ
Ц˿ɫĿҲȻ
׵ȻһЦڳˣ޻ΪҪ࿴һϷأ
Сӣڿɱҵӣ
һŭݣ˵֮ǰܹȷĻôѾȷˡ
ԼӾǲǰλ۾ϣֻ֮ǰһαװʵ̫ˡ
ҸͺСӵĴڣ
ϾҪĿ֮£ô˵ϢնɱԼӣƾСӵʵ
أ
һԼʵȫϢ֮飡
׿һ棬Ȼӣ޻治֪˭
һ˫أ
ⲻӣͬʱҲ汾ˣ
úúãһССĵ۳۾Ȼʥɽ˵ҰϵҪţ
ֱӾ׼ȥһԵЦסˣ
ЦżʲôһЩҪһأ
磬һɱӣҡһҪСӣ
ɫһƬ֮ɫȥʮֵķŭ
ףȻı£ҲӳǵָɽǺ棬㵽ʥɽΪ£
ЦסԼŭҲǿʵ
Ц棬Ǽֱǵ죬뿪ؼҿԵʲô鶼ûз
Щ֪Ϊʲôôţ
ĶֵĻЦ֮⣬ǻһһļһ壡
˺ٶʱҪסԼȻ˲ɱҲпܵģ
Ҳ̫һЩѲкֲɣ
һε뵽λصߣúЩ̫ܣ
Ϊܹܵ𣿡ЦһЦȻӳһƬ򣡡
㡭ѲɾͲؼҵķ񱨸𣿡ŭһĶ֣ԺƴҲһ汳ģ
ԺǿһӰɣƤӵĹǶԣװһЦȻ˵ĻǱǽԣ޽ǾԻգ
ף㻹ǹ֣۳ʥɽƽϣû뵽Ȼ֪ܵʥɽңȻҴԲѵ˵Ҫնɱֱǿ֪˼㣡
ЦҲŭЦһ￴ȥľǸһ㣡
ƾɵۺڵȥҲֻʥڵף
Ҫնɱλʥڵǿߺһλʥڵǿߣ
˿̿ЦҲǹ峤ϣǹܣΪ죬峤ϳԺԶūͣ
ʱеϣЦϣ
֮ǰѾʧ
۾ȹļһߵʱоһ˿ľ
ʵôȴԼûƢ
ԼЦΪܵĻ˿̵Ҫоˣ
ߣǽͷݣҲҪҲգȻһСС׶㲻Ҫкã
ЦƺҲǽﵽϣ
һ㶣ҲǾɲǱͶ·ˣ
ֻ廹δ˵һԵѾǵȻһЦԺǸʲôϾͽˣ𣿡
һˣû⣡
ĻֱЦ泹׵Щˣ
Ȼ˵ҪԸҵĳ棿һʱ䣬ԾЩĸо




2887ȦҸ
 

ŵģ
ﵽʥڣһ滹ŵĻô̫ˣ
ż
ǿֻΪʱ̫̣ͬĽ֮УһЩ԰գ
ǵһĻ˵ûκεѶȣ
οҪͬʱԸЦǽӦѶȣ
ֻЩֵĿףѲһҪԼԶԸЦ
Цǿɲһȼİ
ΪʥɽƵǿߣЦʵ棬ǶԵĸһεĴڣ
ڵ˻ǿ֪
ҲŭЦû뵽ȻҪսԼ绹Ƿ񰡣
ʥڵǿߣȻһɵۺڵļһ￴ˣ
ŭģԼǱؼҵֱˡ
ЦҲǿЦ˼ؼЩһֱţֻǱû뵽ؼҵСȻҲ˵šҫվ˵仰ǿţ㣿䣡
ߣ䲻ǲǵҪʵ˵
ЦӣһȻ˵ٲȻһֵķ緶
ʵΪ֧ţκ鶼ţ

ӰѾʧԭأȭͷֱӳŴɱȥ
Сʵ̫ˣ
ɵ۾ʥĲ࣬ǿɲͨĲ࣬һֲԽĺ蹵
Ц֣һҲûκε
ؼ֮˵Ŀ𣬻˭Ƕǲܹܵġ
οЦǿҵĸ߲أ
¡
¶һ˿̵ЦݿʱȻ䷢һֲʵ
һɱ֮ԼҪǿϢȻӭ泯Լ
ʶĳԱ߿˹ȥܵΪؼҵ峤ҫͻȻˣ
ǵȫжֵ֮ķ֣һԴȻǶ
飡
һ죡
ֻȭͷֱӶ˿ûк˵ļ
һԵܲס˾޴Ȼ˼
У
һУܹóʵжôĿֲˣ
ܣܣ
ݣһĨ֮þûɢȥ
ֲ̫ˣ
Ҫ֪ʵ˭֪ûнʥġ
ʱʲôԵܹʥҲԲô̵ʱڳΪʥкڵǿ߰ɣ
߸Լ
˿Ѿɵˣ
һԵЦҲΪֲĿǰһĻһĻֱ㵵Щ˵ˣ
ûʲôǲܵģвԱУҪɱԺǾҪӦĺ
棬˿Ҳ¶ɱ
û˭֪ҪɱԼʱѡԭ±˵ġ
ᣬκ˿Ҳᣡ
㡭ôܻﵽ˿ֲĳ̶ȡ
ǼһĿ˿̬оЩʧˡ
ЦһҲЩΡΡ˵ǵõʲôܣǲ֪𣿡
磬ºˣ
֪ԼʵģԼʵ֮ԼҪǿһЩ
ҪնɱƺЩˣ
ǿ֮սǾģôֵܲĹעأ
˵ղŵһǳ׵ĶϾЦҪնɱͷ
ΪҪǣ滹һף
Ц棬˱Ժסˡ죬һ
Ȼ̫˽ףóһ˵´û·
˵ȥĻҪʵֵģ
ղ˵Ҫߣǿġ
Ȼ֪һﵽôܹϾԼһˣҪסλҵĸֻЩ
ʵҪһӦḶ́ǧܹ֮˵ġ
ڣоЩѣ
ʵȷЩ죬Ҫǣ㻹̫һЩһҵһ˻ص壬ʱ㻹л·𣿡
ЦЦһҲѾ˼ˣ
Ĳһң˵˵ġ
ԭҪնɱֻб䣬Ҳòת˼·ˣ
ЦԼ˵еʱ̫Ķûκεĺôģ
ٺ٣ǻĲ޵Ļ°ʣ޳
׿ЦʼնҲЦһ




2888ʵǿ
 

ɽ֮У
˿һֵ̿ĿŶΣ
ԭΪЦĳ֣Ѿǳ䶨ˡ
ôҲû뵽Ȼ֮廹Ҫǿ
һŵЩ
Ȼղ˵ҲôΣ֪ҵĻǶȻ
ҲǱҵĭӸһѣ
ϾҽԼûкܺõɲ
أ
˸Եı仯ͻȻʵֱЩ±ƣ
ԭһֱӳȵףˣôҲˣ
һΪһССĸؼҿս
޿ܣ
廹ûоԼѾҪ󳬼忪սĳ̶ȣ
ڵֻϣܹǿȥȴǳѡ
лһ˿ϣʱ׵һ仰ֱ峹׵ɵˣ
壬һԵЦ涼оһ󲻺
ʣ
λĳߵĻôͲ̸ʵһʾ߱ɱλҵĳˣ
ˣ
һӰ֣ӳ˵ĸǰ
һɻֱ̻Ц泹׵ķˣ
֮ʰ
û뵽ȻΪ׵Ĵ֣ô⻹
һ߰ޱȣôܳΪ׵Ĵأ
ʣ㡭ô⣿
ЦǼλΪǿĴڵģһԵʵҲǼġ
Ϣʴˣ
ӵ˵Ц棬þò
ʣ֮£ƺ޹ѲҪʥɽΪвɣ
ЦһԼĺҲӲͷƤʵ
ô˵вˣ
ӵĳ֣Ҳһľɲ
ôúõĳߣҾȻ׵ĵǲ
оԼˣû뵽׾Ȼȱ£
Ȼ֪Ϊʲôôˣ˼ҵĵƱ֮ԼĻҪǿĶడ
ûûУĳвʣֻǡ
ЦЩŵĿӣһЩˡ
׿˿ӵʣ˾ͽˣ
ãֵ۷ģǾ޿ӳʵģ
ӵĨһ˿ѪζѾ׼ˡ
ӣ㡭ȻһСӣνĸ߰𣿡
˿̿ӣоԼһεı߸ˡ
ֵ֣֮ҵֵкβɣΪǿҲֵ۲ҪͿ̿ĻΪǻֵǰ˵Ű裿
ӲмĿˣӦû֪ı仯
֪ıʣǿ¾Ͳô˵ˣ
ʵϾԼڻԺأ׽һ˱峼ʵɽ磬ܼ
ʥɽЩ֣˵ʵҲǸõġ
״һ漣Ӿ漣е漣
嶼Уôܣ
ЦֵĿף˵֮ǰΪһֻһĻôһѾǳ׵ˣ
һԵҲǾ㵵Ŀ׵ֵۣ⡭ģ
ǺǣȺ̧Ը׺ѣЩ֮ˣ
׵һǫ˵ǫ飬ֱЦ泹׵ľˣ
һԵ壬˿̲һӶˣ
Ĵֵָۣ㡭ţ
ò˵׸ɵĳʵ̫̫ˣڵȫǽ׵żһ㣡
һ˿Ҳôɣ
֪׵ʵʵпܲڵġ
˼Ҿ˺ܶĶ
΢΢һ̾ԭ޵Ŀ޹أ޵Ŀֻǰ׼Ҷѣȴƫƫϲ޵ǹײǱֲˣ
ֵۣ㡭˵
Цףһķˡ
ʵĳ֣˵һӴõ䵽˵
ˣҪ޵ȻҲбնɱľ򣡣ʣֱӷһƬһʱ֮ڣκεĶ˶֪ġʼıݰɡ
װ뿪ЦĿӣ֮ȴһ˿ɫʣ
ԭ׼󣬿Ȼ䷢ԼЩࡣ
˼ˣղԼֻ֣ԼӦһԼڵľѣ
ɱ¾һ̿ʼˣ
Ϊʥڵĳǿߣʵ֮ոսʥڵǿɲǿһǰ㣡
ЦʵǰȫǱŰɱĻ
ʱĹʬѾǾ׺ĸǰ
˳Ҳǽ˸ˣ
ɽһƺֻعʥɽǿȴ֪λʥڵĳǿһѾˣ
׸ʧһƬǴ˿ҲǳѧԺķ򼲳۶ȥ
ѧԺְڼΪԺΪѧƺ޹ȱϯ
ûȷϪϢ֮ǰٻʥɽһӣ
Ҳ̫Ĺעƺɲ




2889ְ
 

ѧԺ
һλصѧԺ֮еʱ򣬼λլԺҲѾǻص
ֻû֪ڸղʥɽһλʥǿߡ
лλʥڵҳǿߣ
һеʼٸߣȴѧԺ֮з·ûһ㣡
֣ӡ½ɡܲ˴˿һο׻ʱǿ׵ѾǱˣ
֣ӣѾǽ׵ԼĴһĹˡ
ָ磬˰
֣ӿףҲǹ
һԵ½ɺܲҲЦһֱ߶ְǵĶ䶼ĥˣ
ݸһЦ߶ֲŮ
磬ǼˣԺլԺǴ磡
֣ӿף֣µ˵
ν˵˭綼һֵԺͻӦһˡǴô棬óѧԺ·
磬㲻᲻֪ѧԺְӰɣ
½ЩŵĿף·׸ǲһƵϵˡ
ЦŵҶЩûʲôȤʲô඼νģ
ҲǣǸԺϤģĸ༶ȻνİܲҲЦŵ
һԵ֣ӵ磬ʥɽˣЩ̫֪ܲ
ôָ໹ʲôͲɣ׷ʵ
֣ӺٺһЦͲ˰ɣְҲǺнģ磡ѧԺÿԺʵ츳ְģʵֻһ棬ҪĻ츳
ôνģ
ʵ츳׶ȤλЩȤ
磬Ĵ󰡣ְɻԺԴְܹĻǿ˲˰
֣ӿһνӣҲЩˡ
Ȼ˵ǰ״ʶԺԼʵվԼʵǣ
ԺҲԺһӰɣ
ȷһ֣ҵ֣ʮֵĸмףǸмм֣ȴҲһ
Լʵ㹻ǿĻǻҪ˵ı
֮ǰףԼʵ㹻ĻҪԺı
ְࣿôû˵磡
½ɿ֣ӣĸ˵λѾźˡ
ϴ֣ڶܲӺ½ɷλ
ȻûĽݣ֮仹ľͰʽȥദˡ
ʵνְЩûжĹϵְಢĳԺģԺֱġҲѧԺΪĴڣ
֣ʥɽˣûгԹ⻹ûм
ְ࣡
ʵʲôܣֻһЩСѧԺŶǺְ֪ൽΪ
½ִӶ½Ϸ۳ˣʥɽǸһϲͨˣ
֣˵ְ࣬½һͷˮԵþͷǳˡ
½ɣʵҲЩְൽƺʲô
Ϊ֮ǰȷû˵ְൽǸʲô⣿
Ĵڣֱܲȥţ׿֣ҲһȤ
ֹţֱɷ˰⼸棬ҲǴЩϣ˰̵֣
ܲ΢΢ҡͷְࣿǴҲѰ
ʵ֣ӺܲӵУ׵ʵҲֻڳΪ֣ҵľˣ
֣ӵ˶ʵǴһָж˵м
ʵ֣ӻΪԼʵҪҪ߳ܶġ
֣ôΪʵѧԺѧƺҲôΪġ
ˣҲˣҶʲôְҲûȤ
׿һԵļˣҲνҡҡͷ
ʲôְ࣬ں
֣ӿɺӣҲʼðɣȻûȤǾȥ굽˭ְܹɣ
ְࣿһԺܹһǶ൱ţˣ
ܲƺҲǶְǳϤְֻھ˵ʵǸ裡
ЦŵɽɽľǸԵ츳ˣû㹻˼ҪΪĸҲǺѺѵġ
ǰܹѧԺ˵츳ΪĲѧԺûнְ࣬ȻΪʥǿߵҲǲʤöٵģҲҪЩ
ܲ΢΢һЦƺ׵ĻȾˡ
һԵ֣̾һ˵ְ࣬Ǽǰٷ֮ٵĽʥ
ٷ֮٣ôֲܲӾ㵵ʵ
ǶȥαΪЩ˲ˣǻǿֵֵܷܲһ˵ɡ
½˵꣬ͳſ˹ȥ
ǼְƺǳңԶ½ɾЩҲûκε˼
׵ѧԺԺ㳡ʱͷܶĿѾǳŹ㳡Ϸĸ̨˹ȥ




2890¿飺֮ͨ·
 

ְ࣡
صĴڣúܶѧԺΪ֮
˵ֻҪְ࣬ǵһ죡
ʥɽиԣְ࣬ǵԼļֱӽһ壡
ֻôְҲ˶ѣ
ÿְ࣬ʵĿҲְൽжܹС
ʵϣЩְˣڳ塣
ҲˣʥɽǿʢļǿʢһļҲһ㣡
ѧԺܲ㳡
ѧԺڵأʱطȴúܶΣ
ХԺ
һԾ뵽˵ĶУ̨֮ϳһϤӰ
Х
һһεӳ뵽˵֮У
Хһ̤ɨһһȻѧԺְ࣬ɱԺ֣λΣǱ㿴λ컯ˣ
һƬ֮
Щ˵ƺӵĹעְ
Хְ֮ǰѧԺĹǱѧԺİԺԼλԺͬѡְѧԱ
ȻİѧԺȻְࣿ
⻹мٰ˼ʥɽ˿ɶ֪ġ
ǰ˵ְѧԺѧ֮еλߵĴأ
ö೬ſɶְأҪǽȥĻԺǾ̫ˣ
ΰɣְҪΪϿҪôװ
±ŷһ飬˼ǣѧԺȻְĴڣ
ʵܶ˲ʥɽǸоѣ
֪ˣƺϰΪˣ
Ͼʥɽʲôܣֻ֪˵Ǹ¶ѣ
ྲ
ХһԭһƬӵ˲üž
ԺԺԺҶԺλ롭
ХͷԶ̨֮ϣֵӰƺҲĸ˵ǰ
ѧԺÿѧһλѧԺĸ߲㣡
ʵְ֮ǰѡְʱ
ѧԺΪ˵ӣ
ΪѧԺΪǿһְԱ
Ҫ֪ЩְĳԱ㲢ǳˣնΪЩ£Ķ
ֻ֮Щǳǽְ࣬ҲԼǱ
˭֣˭£
֮˲ý£ҪȻЩô˳ĳط
ǹΪʥɽΪǿİ׼峤ҲѧԺԺǳҲÿһζϯĳϣ
Ͼְˣûһɫ
ǳаɽҶ磡
λʥɽʮ֮еλ峤ǴʱȻԺԼԺʵһεѡδȴǸԵļ壡
һַʮ󳬼˽ְ࣬ʱǵ㿪ʼˣ
ΪؼҺ¼ңÿһζ飡
ҲȨģЩǱ򼸺ÿһҹϵģĿľΪ˷ֹһ̫ǿ
ɼǰ׼ҵʵȴҲѾǳ˺ܶˡ
ˣֻҪϤʥɽЩˣʵǺܶ඼ѡ׼һĴ壡
ϾĴ壬ԴǲСġ
¸ԺԿʼ𣿡
ǳΪԺĳ˺ܶ˵ĺ䶯
λʥɽΪǿ֮ˣһ¶®ɽĿ
׿ǰЩǿߣϵƽĺܣ
ֻǵǳһ̣֮бŷһȵĻ𻨣
ХͷԺˡ
ǳȻһЦְ࣬źܶ˶˵ˣǽԽ׶ΣλԺ·𣿡
ˢˢĳŰǳȥʱһĵ·˵ĸǰ
ȥʵƽĺܣ
׵ʶѾǳŰǳе·ɨӶȥ
ȻЩɷֻͨҪɷͨ˺ܶ࣡
ɼͨƺҲ쳣ǿ
ǳüѵӣһЦ·Ϊ֮ͨ·ʥɽĳ
֮ͨ·ȥҲûʲô𣿡
֮˿ŰǳһЩȻ˵ǿʱƺЩʧ
ǳ˵Ѿ͸¶֮ͨ·ˣǱԺҲظ̫ˡ˭ܹ֮ͨͨ·Ŀ飬Խְ֮࣬ͨ·һףﵽǧ֮˱ѧԺһְѧԱˣ
ǳ䣬ХѾǿ˵ÿֻһλᣬܹ߶ԶͿǵ컯ˣ
֮ͨ·
ڴĿһҲǳ׵ıŷ˳
˭Ϊ֮Ϊҫ۵Ĵڣһ̱ˣ




2891±Ůˡ
 

֮ͨ·
׵Ĩһ˿Цݣɷͨȷǿޱȣ
ν֮ͨ·ľô£
˵һףǶ׶˵и£
磬֮ͨ·˵ذ
֣ӿףҲʿˮ
ôطЦʵ
һԵܲӵ֮ͨ·ʵǾְܹΨһ˵һһǧҲ߲ܹǧϵǶǶˡѧԺ߼¼ƺҲǰǧףûܹͨأ
ǧף˭ֵļ¼׵Ȥ
ŵλǳԺ˿νǵһŰ
֣ӿŰǳ֮ҲĨһ˿֮ɫ
ǧףС˼
׿ˣҲǰ뿪Ц˵
֣ӵҲƵĿ׵磬ͲҪڿЦˣ֮ͨ·ɲİ
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֣ӵ˸ʱȴѾߵ׵Աߣ
꿋S
׿Ű꿋SҲһ㶣Ů˺ѧԺĻôأ
Һ𣿺ٺ٣
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Щ֣С㲻ڰ׼ңôܵطأ
׿Ű꿋SҲһʵ
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ҲǣЩüʵ
סС㣬ôأҲʶҴ磿
֣Ӵ˿һĿŰ꿋S׵һεĳ
Լţ
ʶԺȻʶ׼ҵĳŰ꿋S
˭꿋Sƺʶ֣ӣüʵ
С㣬ҡҽ֣ӣִһլԺģ̵֣
һԵ½ɺܲȻʶ꿋Sɿ֣ӵӣǾ֪ͷС
ԭһլԺģ꿋SĵͷһεĽķ׵ϵף벻ְࣿ
룡
׿Ű꿋Sֱҡҡͷ
ֻҪְ࣬ԺҿԴһҿְˣ
꿋SĿףһӦǺĽԼģ
ְ࣡
ݵһֻҪǸ׷ˣû˲Ըְģ
ְĸʲôϵְһûȤ
׵Ļð꿋SʮֵˣоԼʲôƺ̼һﰡ
ʱİ꿋SƺҲЩˣ
û˵ѼӲлǰĻǿ㼤˯žɣ
˵ĺҽְһ֮ͨͨ·Ŀ飬Ҳְ࣡
׵Ļð꿋Sһεһƺ͸Լһ㣡
˿̣
֮ͨ·ѾһһʧܣԭڴҲʧޱȣ
֮ͨ·ȷѶȷǳĴ󰡣
֮ͨ·ֻΪ׼ҪУʸûУ
ҲǵѧԺĹأһֱ
ԲΪΪǿĶ֣Ȼòƺƽദ
սҲǲģ
ԣѧԺȻųѧϰȴ㾡Դӻ
С㣬ҵĺడ
һӰ˰꿋Sĸǰԫλҵ峤һεĳˣ
˿ƺһˣ
ԫôĶ㰡꿋SԫҲŭһ
ãô峤˵أ
ԫԱߣһλȥ΢һЩ
磬ҵ鲻ܣ꿋Sƺ˵֮Ҳ̫أ
ǳ꿋S˱ǰ׼ҵ峤ҲǰǳĴӰط
ƺǴְģ
ֻǺż壬ڶʮֵƺ˭˭ô
֣׼֦ͬοпܻΪδĶϱӦöԼ̬ȣ
طŰ꿋SһǷǮӣ
ҾǼ޸ףҲ޸һ꿋Sڼűܵų⣺ΪҶޱĳҪ޸㣿
󵨣ҲȢ㣿
طƺܵȨսΧ¶˲½˼ȣ
һֵҲǲҿȼ˭ҿأ
ҲԸ⣡꿋SƺһԼλ磬⵹һԵ׿һһ㶵ģ
ӾͿ֣ôͳˣ
װһ۰꿋Sû˵ǳܱң
Сӣ˵ķݣ
طĿ֮͸һɱ
ƺ˵ҲûаëǮĹϵɣ
׿һ۰ط
峤˰ɣ֮ǰҸ˵СӣʥɽҸô˵ˣǵһ
ԫͼӴ׵˵
ˣһ㲻᳤ط˵
˭ҶǱǸҰ꿋SΪУ꿋SҲŭһֱ˵ĸǰ
ֻŮ˱ˣȻǺгϢҪǽְˣַ
ԫԼͷ­Ϊְˣȫʸ񣡣
꿋SԫĻ׼ȴ˰꿋SЩҸоʮֵãܾԼǳŶˣⲻ֪УǾһȺСѣ
츳ٲҲǿˣ
طЦ˼츳ȷûʲô˱ȵǣ
һλڶԺף
ڰطԫҪͼЩʲôʱһѾǴ˳




2892峤Ķľ
 

طԫѾ׼ˣ
ǽʱյĵλڴ֮ͥ±һСӿ
ǲֵĻԲǵķ
οһǰ׼ҵ峤һλҵ峤˾Ķˣô
ѧԺȨĸ߲ǵĸף
ͳһ㣬ʱҲ̧µĴӶѣ
ΪײʲôܵѧԺôӡ
ѧԺʮ󳬼ӵҪǻ֮⣬֮˶Сµˣ
ҲʮӵѧԺһֱзߣ
ֱսطԫȨ֮ˣ˵ʵô껹ûгֹ
ҲΪʲô⼸˱ŭһԭ
꿋SΪ׳ͷһ׻һĪĸоһϲԼλţĴ磡
˵׼һط֮ˣҲλð꿋Sˡ
ټϰ꿋SԼλ˵ҪԼ޸ԫǼ˰꿋Sޱǿҵķ
ڰطԫҪ֮ʣȴҪȥˣ
ԶȥıӰطһһСںúõʰһ٣Ҹ峤Կˣûܹ̫ģ
ԫ΢΢һЦһֻ϶ѣֺαΪ˶أ
ߣҰ׼ϣǱ
طɲʲôϲϵģһԸر
СһֱǱ£ԸӵЩŤ
ֻҪΥ־ˣûκεĺ³
ԫʵҲ֪طһģһصؽط
ԭԫΪ׵ļһﲻҶ԰׼֮ô
ϲķ֣СӸ֪ʲô£
ԫ˷ǳĴҳǸ
Ҫնɱףȴϲ֣֮ԼԶ֡
ȼ仰ѾǼ˰طɱ⣬ֶΪأ
꿋SŰطҲǺüԵ磬ѣǸҶݹõĲ
ߣΪһȻҶԴ˵꿋SԽԽϢˣ
طԼλãȻʮֵķŭûʲô취
ŰطͰ꿋SһԵԫЦŵС㣬δ׼ҵ峤ôǲԵİ
طһ⻰Щ
׼ҲԼöԼ޹˼ɣܶʱԼ²̨
ԫĻطǾúе
Լδ׼ҵ峤õԺѲɻҪ׼Ҳɣ
꿋Sһԫ㲻ҪǷǣô˵Ҳǰ׼Լ飬ܺҵˣҪ֮ͨ·ûմǡ
Сʲôͷ
ԫмĿһ۸ո̤֮ͨ·ףҲ˵
ԫҼǵ֮ǰ˽ǧװɣ
طԫȻһЦǿְͨѧô˵ȻҲ˵Χ֮ġ
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֣ǧŰٰʮףֵǧ׻кܴĲడֵʵһ֮Ϊǿģ
ԫһƨҲ˦˹ȥȥһķƵ
꿋SƲƲֲǼ¼ıߣʲôõģһŮӶܹߵǧ˰ףǶ߸أ
㡭
طŰ꿋SĻҲŭɶ
ֽʵ޴ţ
С㣬Ҳʥɽеţ㿴ϵǸƺͺһˡҪȻǶһ£߶ף
ԫŰ꿋SӣҲĴ̼
ľͶģһ㲻ɣ
꿋SԫҲǼѪԣȻ˽ףܾЩڲͬ
Ȼ֪һʵҲô£
ãȻСˣҶһ߲һǧףԫһ֣ƺôΪͼӣ
ߣãҲһ߲һǧףطҲ
Ҫ߹һǧô죿꿋Sɴ۾ʵ
һǧף
ںܶѧԺѧ˵Щѣ
Ϊ֮ͨ·ߵľǰףһ֮ͻͻȻӣ
˺߹һǧףܹ߹ǧѾѧԺٮٮˣ
߹ǧףǱӵнְʸˣ
չֳʵȷǲܹһǧף
Ҫ߹һǧףԺĳԲСκε˼ԫ˵ҲѾˡ
һΪ꿋SľԫΪ֪Լԫ׵ĿԷǳ
˵ŵԣҲֻҵܹˡ
ҺͰ׼ҵĹϵ꿋Sвԫ
ԫô˵ҲǼ
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Ű꿋SȻһЦҪ߲һǧ׵ĻСҪӦĳ
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꿋S㣬Ӧ£
ڰ꿋SԥʱҲǴһ˳Цӯӯ˵




2893һΪ
 

Ⱥ֮У
ĳԫܵü
Ϊ֮ǰ׼ҵľۻᣬƺһġ
Ȼ׼ҺҲô¼ҷУɱϾ¼Ҳʮ֮һҲ˼ɵġ
ôˣ꿋SҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
ٺһЦ֮ͨ·츳أһǧ׿϶ûģ
ļٵİ
꿋SЩɵĿΪϾû˽һ
ߣȻ츳ǾʹӦ
ԫм˵𾳽֮˶ѣ츳ǿǿʲôط
׵ļһݵȷЩ˻ɣ
ΪһѧԺȻؼҺ¼Ҷйϵܹͨġ
ߣСӵǺõˣ
ôԫһҲǸѣ
һǧף
ǿҪǿ츳ܹġ
ԫΪԼɽ֮һƺҲֻаط츳֮ԼҪǿһЩ
ûзУ
ǰһһǧ׶һͨҲǼΪѵһ飡
Ϊÿһǧ׾һ
ͱ˵Լ֮ǰǧŰٰʮף
ǶʮԼҪôǰǰˡ
ղô֮ͨ·һǧ׵Ҳֻ˶ѡ
ǧ׵Ŀǰûг֣
ҲΪʲôԫͰطҪͰ꿋Sĵһԭ
ԫԼ˽ĵģ˰꿋SһЩϣҲð꿋SͶͱĺûᣡ
ֻҪ꿋SӦˣ˳ƶΪˣ
ⲻһǳɵ飡
ԫղʱ⣬ʵѾ˺ķչ
㡭ȷ츳
ʱ򣬰꿋SʵҲЩˣһ츳Լеһƴ
ЦŵĲ˵Ǳ峤츳ǿһ㣬ǿ϶ģ
ҿǱ˰ɣȻ۾˵Ϲ
ԫЦ˼ʲô˵
һ츳Լǿôأ
һԵİطҲЦһ¼ҹֲ˵û䣬ԭһЩ´С˲Ű
峤Ī˴̼ˣѲϾֻ츳ײ峤츳ҪǿҲҪǿ
ĻǴ̼ˣطԫǱ׵Ĵ̼ˣ
츳ⶫ
˱ԼǿȻǲģ
οʥɽһ֮츳ǿˡ
˿ɶѾǴﵽʥˣ츳Ȼһ𾳽СӸǱȣ
ǿ벻̣
طŭһܺԼͣ
˵˵ˣ꿋S㣬ң׵츳ĺܺõģ
Ȼ˵׾ף֪׵츳Ƿǳǿģ
꿋SҧҧãҾʹӦǣǻҶ𣿡
ȻҶģ
ԫЦȫǸӣüԺԲˣ
츳ôǿĻʵֻôһ㣿
ýѾ붼ܹ飬ԫøûбҪȥ
ҪХŮͱطԫһƸķˡ
꿋SӦˣԫԼĿѾﵽˣȻǺ˲٣
һΪ
꿋SҧҧѾǽϣ׵ļ׵ˡ
һһǧ׶߲˵ĻôҲ޿κˣ
ɽԻ治ģ
꿋S룬ôչȥĻҲòԼ׵϶޸ԫ
ᣬпһҲ˵أ
˿̣
ײٶףÿһȥɫЩʹࡣ
úܶ˸оСһͻˣ
Ǿˣ׻һֱǰţúܶ˿ʼĹע
ǰף˵ʵû˹ע
ΪҪ׶߲ĻǻѧԺûκεĻͷˡ
ط׵ӣЦһһ໹׿϶ˣ
ҿ֮ڿ϶ǹˣİٶ׾͸оԲˣԫһҲǴ̼Ű꿋S
Цŵɽԭһ漣ĵط⻹ûнǱϣ𣿡
꿋SЩŵץ۾һĿŲԶף
˿̣
ѧԺܲĸ̨֮ϣλǿҲƷͷĶÿһλѧԱŷ
ʱ۵ıף
ÿһλӵŽְϣѧԱǶչۣ
һߵĺʹʵЩ
Գ˷ʱ䣬λҲϾһ֮ǰѧԺĶͦġ




2894ûҪġ
 

ѧԺ̨֮ܲϣ
ǳаɽҶХǱߣ
Ҳ⼸ΪģֻҪǿϵˣļ廹ǲ
Ҳ⼸ǿᣡ
ʮܹһֱ̩ɽѧԺҲҪһɲ֣
ǵĿżŵĻָǺС
֮ǰİǺӣʵϾǰ׼Ҵҹš
ֻȽϵһЩ⵹Ҳǿ˵һЩġ
Сôߵô
ǳоЩ󹦷һԵаҲüʵ
оСӿҪʧˣ츳ʵǲĿ԰ʵѧԺ֮Ҳĩ֣治֪СӵôѧԺģ
аҲһεĿŰǳ
һԵХЦŵӱǸѧʱؼµڶԺԺ֮λˡ
±Ժ˵СӵǲȻ嶼Щ鰡
ǳ˵оǸЩأ
Σֻ߲ܶˣ
ǰСӵȷõĿԣװؼѾͷ˸ˡ˵ӱǿѧԺģıƺǿߣƺڴ֣֮һﻹ뺫֮ìܰ
аʵһʼ֪һĵϸ
ֻû˵˵ʵҲΪ˸ɽһնѣ
ɽЦһ峤˵Ļ赭дҴ˷ҺʵǲôѺã
峤һŽᣬܲΪһͰѹϵ㽩˰ɣ
а˵֮ҲǴһ˿ŭ⣡
ʵϾǱȺҪǿһЩ㺫ɽţʲôţ
ɽҲа˼һ峤Ȼ̬ȣǺĳˣ
ǳҺͺ֮Ĺϵƺѵĺۼϵǹһ˿޵Цݣ
˳ǲſԴﵽһƽⲻ
ҺͺҵȷǷչЩѸͣŪìܣ˴һʵ԰׼ǰһģ
ǳ˵ԼԼ˾ˣֻһ⣬Ǳѡ˲ţ
˭Ҫ˭ȥǾ޿ҪģаһЦźɽ峤һʶ飬罫˸á
ҶҪǺҼôܻҪأɽҲһ
һԵҶ峤Ҷ΢΢ҡͷӵȷʵһ㣬츳һĺܡҿֱˡ
ХһЦԺǾôӻЩڴλҪĻǱԺɾͲ˰
ף
Хô᲻֪츳أ
λ۾츳ƿֲģôڶ̶ǧʱɽأ
˺ųɽΪǿĴڣȴҲʶ
˵׵츳жôĿֲ˲
һܹôǿǰˣı˵
Хһֱ˵ѹ֮УǾǸĺûᰡ
ХȻҪôһ㲻õİɣаХЩӵʵ
ХһЦ¼һҲôѡˣѡҲʣµġһѵһ£СŮϵãĳǾô츳ԣ
ΡΡӣ츳ԣ¸Ժ۹ԽԽ˰
ǳ΢΢ҡͷХҲЦһ
Х˵λˣ۴츳Σǹ¼ˣ
Ͻȥúõһ˵ܹͻɵ۾أ
ɽХҲǰ뿪Ц˵
ҲһЦ·ХѾǳΪ˵Цһ㣡
ʵҲǷǳ飬Х֪׵ݵĻҲԲ뷨ġ
Ҳɵ׵εأ
ʱ
ע֮ԽԽ࣬˭һһѧԺͺأ
һﻹܸЦһǺĶ𣿡
ǰǸӣ治֪һ֮ǰĴ尡
Ҫһ޵ģСֳԼ˰
׾ԣҹмʮҲˣǶˣ
һﲻҪѧԺͼ¼ɣҼǵ֮ǰͼ¼װ
һ˺ЦѣΪǷʱпܱ֮ͨ·
˿̵ȴͻȻ֮һ˶Ŀľٶ
Ȼʼˡ




2895ܻԫ
 

һƬȻ
ѧԺܲһ̶վˣ
ף
λһʼֵѧԺȮļһһƬ˥֮£ȻƶΪ
һǧ׵Ĺؿֱӳƣ
úܶ˸оһĿɿڴ
ļٵģȻˣ̫ôֲ˰ɣ
һμ֮ͨ·ʰ
һ֮ǰôʹ࣬װİɣ
뿴һﵽܵʲô̶ȳ
ǰһоԼˣ˵ĻʵҲҾ꣡
㳡ĳ
طԫɫѾѿ˼㣡
ԭΪһ϶ûа취ͨһǧ׵ľġ
Ϊһ֮ǰʵ̫ʹˣʹൽû˻Ϊܹõ
أ
һֱӳһǧ׵ĴأȻڼţ
һĻ
Ű꿋SЦŵ꿋S㣬ϲӮˣ
⡭һĵȻˣ˿
꿋SԭֻЩ棬ڵĺѾԽԽˣ
츳ֶ˵
Ǽ츳ǿ֮ͨ·ѶȰ꿋SҲ֪ġ
ѾǧףһȻŽһǧף
ֲ˹
Ҫһ츳ǲôǿˣ
ԫ߬ԼȭͷĿ˵֣ǱСӸˣˣ
ߣΣ߶ԶǸδ֪أ֮ͨ·ԽǼѣ
ط֮ǰһֱ֮Աǵ֣
˵һ츳ԼҪǿʱоһЦ
һﾹȻ֮ͨ·ҲĿһ£
һ츳Ĵﵽ񹲷ߵһΣǵʱҪ̫ˣ
һԺĻΪһҲ˵
ԫݺݵĵͷôɳŲţûгɳʲôأ
ǸţҲǵĽ£
طҲǵȻһЦһȻƺţʵҲǸոճһǧ׶ѣ
ԼǧףǻźܴĲģ
꿋SЦһ磬˼һڼǰ𣿸ղѾĳЩ˵ҿĳЩ˻һЩʱֱˣ
㡭
طԫ˼ͬʱָŰ꿋Sǵ֮пԿóǶôķŭ
꿋Sԫм˵Ըķ䣬ô˵棬ԺԶһ㣬ҿɲϣĳЩ˵
ߣģҪԫŮ˿ԴѧԺΪ峤ȱŮ𣿹
ԫŭһһŮ˵ô˵˵ĳֻҪǸ˿¶Բģ
꿋Sν˵ֻҪûйϵǾˡʲôŮ飬㲻
ǿڰֵϣһϿ
ԫŭһҲǳ˷ŭ֮ɫ
֮еĻƺѾЩͲסˣ
΢΢һЦ峤һţû뵽Ȼܹ˵Ļ˴۾
ҿԶ
꿋SһһͣҲЦ
ԫһתһεĻָЦݵ֣Ҫϲ˰λδ÷ȥͦģ
δ÷򣿺ߣ֮ͨ·Ҫ֪֪ʲô˼ζ
طһεı̼ˣԫĻֱ˵˵
طҪնɱĳλѧԱĻôкֵܶİ취
꿋SȻҲ֪һģŰط磬ǸҶԺöûˣ
вˣˣ㵽׻ǲǰ׼ҵˣ
طӶ챬ˣŰ꿋S񼸺Գˡ
꿋SЦһв̸ϣѣ۸ѾǲУοѧԺѧѲҪΥʥɽĹزɣ
峤ҪɱһˣҪ𣿲ƣط֮дһ˿
һĨɱѾϣ
һԵЦŵ꿋S㣬ǽְĻôûκεĻģ
ְࣿΪְʲôʲôèֻܹһǧ׶ѣǧ׻Զء
ԫҲǲм˵
峤һǧǸղŵˣѾǧ׵ĸˣְֻʣ°˰ˣ
˵׽ְǰ϶飡
ֻڵҲҪ׵츳жôǿ
ԫͷȥ֮ҲĨһ˿ľ֮ɫ
һﲻǹǧ׵Ĵأɺ޵ǣȻܵġ




2896³
 

ѧԺ̨֮ܲϣ
ǳԭһȻܶ೬峤ڳЦХ
ΪǿǸ׵ļһһͷβ
ݵĻоЩԲ֣
Ǽŵˣ˾ռߵ֣
ˣͨĵ۳֮УЩ츳ġ
ʥɽ֮ĵطԵôС΢
˶׵֮дųʱȴһվˣ
ԺԺǵõҲûܰɣ
аͰǳ츳ǷǳǿģҲѽ԰ͷһ飡
һеְǰôʹ࣬淴һ·ˣ
ǳа֮Ҳǳ˺֮ɫ
һԵĺɽһãȻĿǸŵļһҪôȥĻǧ׿϶ûˡһﻹпܳΪһְ˰
ֹǵһпΨһһ
ǳҲò˵һεȷЩʧ
ֻȻû뵽ԼҲп۵ʱ
һﲻƭԼǼƭˣ
Ҷҵ峤ҶЦŵ¸Ժ㵹һ˰û뵽ӵ츳൱ǧ˰ˣȻܵģ
ǧף
֮ʣֱɵĿԽǧ׵Ĵأ
Ȼǧˣ
ǳһ֮Ĩһ˿̰֮ɫ
ֻ˿̻ǵΪʲôΪҪһļ޵
һǧףʣµ˾Ҫһ츳ˣ
ҿӣǧӦöûʲôɣаҲһ˵
һԵĺɽ˵׼пܴﵽǧǧҲ˵ѧԺҪһλ˰
ǧףӦòܣа΢΢ҡͷ
ҿǼһѣ˭ӮСӾ͹˭Σ
ǳˣƺ֮˵Ļ
⻰һܿõ˻Ӧ
аһЦԺҿУ
ǰҲÿУɽͷ
һԵҶ΢΢һЦû
Хʼմһ˿΢Ц˵Ǽƺе˰ɣ֮ǰ˼ھȻôġ
Х¼һЩŲȤһһҲûʲôаһЦ
ǳͷǰ˶ЩȤǺȻ磬ҸоҷҲǺԶˡϣʱ棬ܹһλŵӰ
峤ǾͿʼɣĳΪӦǧ£а̵
ǧף
а˵һΪ׵ľ룡
Ϊ˿̵ƺѾǷŻԼĽŲǧ߰ҵʱ򣬿ȥһε
˸оһܹͻǧ׵Ĵأ
ֻڶһҲЩˣаĲ²Ӧ׵ġ
ɽаЦһǧףղſһΣһҿӦôһЩҲǧף
ұǧ׺ˣ
Ҷ翴ȥǸϺһ㣬˵Ĳ²ֱðǳЩѰˣ
ǳüͷ΢壬ܿչԺһɣǧ˰ף
ǧ˰ף
ֱˣô²أ
ֻ֮ǰҲû˵ô²⣬԰ǳô²Ҳûġ
ˣ˭Ǳ˭ģǳٺһЦ
ھͿһܲͦǧ׵Ĵˣһض˵ĻǶһҲ̫һ㣡
а˵
ûа취鰡һ츳ȷ̫һЩҶҲε˵
ɽǼһôͣסˣ
˻ͷȥ׾Ȼվͨǧ׵Ĺؿ֮ͣסˣ·˼һ㣡
ʵ׵ȷ˼ԼǲӦüȥ
ԥһ֮Ҳνļǰ˹ȥ
ȻˣǱѧԺһ¼ɣ
ǧͨ
ԭߴߴһ𣬺ܶ˴ԭûʲôȤʮֵĹע
Ϊ˭Ҫ֤漣漣ƺڷ
Ǹһʼҡҡ׹ļһѾǧˣ
ļ޵ʲôطأ
ʱһһĹȥˣÿǰһף˵Ŀƺǿһ֣
˵׽ְѾǰ϶ˣ
ǾҪһﵽ츳Ƕôǿ
ڴ֮Уԭǰһεĵ˵۾
Ŀʼˣ
˶סԼеһݼΪǵһο˹飡
˲֮ʱѾǳǧ׵Ĵء




2897¼¼
 

ǧף
˵һϵĿ
ԫ˿Ѿˣ׵ˣ
Ҫ֪ųһĳţҲǧף
СǿԼĴڣȴļ¼
Ҫǣڼϵǰţпܴưطֵһ֮ͨ·ļ¼
ǧף
׾ǧ׻вİ׵ľ룡
ѾǵǧһٶˣȻһεһ·
ߣΪԼǸţղҾ˵ˣСı˼Ҵ
꿋S˿̿ԫҲǿЦ
֮еһĨ֮ɫҲԱ
ǧһٶˣ
û뵽飬֮ǰ׻ԼһЩϲ
ǸԼ˾ϲЩˣ
ԫ΢΢Ҳžžģ
һԵİطʿˮһȻܵز
ղ˵ˣ˼ҵ츳һǲҲЩ쾮֮ܣΪԼʥɽ˾˲ˣ
꿋SЦһ֮ҲǼ֮ɫ
꿋SܲܳһһأǳΣѲ˸״˵ļ¼ɣߣ
طлңһһԼļ¼֮ǰеĽƺûˣ
޵һ޵ڶ
ȻѧԺ˭Ҫһأ
طôĵһѲɽҪ˸
ģԲ鷢
ǴڵһԼļ¼Ѿǽߵˡ
طûа취ȻȲֻƴԼϵˣ
Լϵļ¼ôƣ
һԵԫҲ˵ư峤ļ¼ǼֱǿЦ
֮ǰƺ˵׵츳ǿҲıɣأһЦ
һʱ䣬ƺЩ䳡ˣ
ѧԺܲĸ̨֮ϣ׿Խǧ״صʱ򣬰ǳüͷȴ
ΪСһǧףƺͲԼˣ
˿аһεĿŰǳǳ֣ûϣ˰ȥƺϣҲǺܴ󰡣
ǳüмףԽԽѣԺΪԼЩģ
һԵҶһЦԭ˵ģû뵽ỹ˰
ɽҲһ˵ֻҪС߸һǧףǾҵ˰
ף
ѾΪ˵ģƺ˭Ҫõ
һԵХδ˵֮һĨЦôҲ֮ȥ
ѲΪԼʲô
ȵʱ֪׵ݣһҪ۾ˣ
ǧף
׵ٶʵ̫ˣ쵽գ֮һµ㣡
ǳޱ˵һǵ͹СӰ֪Сǲƴҵļ¼
ǳ˵仰ʱһԵļ˶ǳķ˹
ڰǳ֮пһĨӵɫ
ǧףǾϵĳˣ
һѾǲҪڻˣ
ΨһҪľյܹ߶Զ
Ҷͺɽƺһ˿˿ڴϣһܹͣԼ֮ڣ
ѧԺƺڹע׵¼
֮ͨ·
Ѿߵǧ׵ĴأһϢ
֪ϢԽԽ࣬Щ˴˷ĸϹпܻᵮ¼¼ĵط
ѧԺܲ˿Ѿɽ˺
ǧ˰һȻǰ
ǰһֱǧ׵ļ¼ȥҲֲ̫˰ɣ
ĴƼ¼ؽҪѧԺʷᰡ
˼ңٿԼĶ˰
һһ˷Ƿϣ
˷ܵԴ¼ǸһģǷϵǣԼ˼ҵĲʵ̫̫ˣ
ǳ׾Լļ¼ԽԽɫǱѿ
ɽ˿Щ˷ܵ˵С˰
峤㲻Ҫ˵̫ˣһǧףɾҪȥˣ
ǳźɽ˵˿ѾЩǿˣ
һˣΪ
ǰȴֶúпܣ
Ժ⡭²װɣɽüͷһ塣
һԵаʲô׵ģ㲻²ǧףһǧףҲûв¶ԣ
ǰ峤Լǣ
ҶҲǼ˵˵ţֻҪлôȻȫȡģ
ܹδЩҲ˵أ
˰ǳЩ֮⣬ܹ֮ͻưǧ׵Ĵأ
ȻˣɽȻǲģ
ǧ˰ס
ǧŰס
ǧס
̤ǧ״صʱȫǳ׵ȼˣ
µļ¼ڵ




2898¼˴
 

ǧף
Ҫ֪ôǧǳļ¼
¼ĵ߰ǳǱߣȥЩĸо
ĿԼļ¼ƣǳǽһζ
һԭ˽ΪûϣˣȻô˼¼
ǳһ׼ûУ
һ׶ʱ䣬ǳһֱһֲõĸоָоûκε
оʲô鶼ô˳˵Ǻӣ
ǺӵʵȷǷǳ츳ҲǼѵ֣
Ǻʵ츳֮Լһ㣬Ȼˣ
ǳ磿
Ҫ֪һ磬Ǵŵıǿ㲻ĳ
ԭǳҪһ֮ˣôأ
ǱǺһðǳһֱǷǳĲˬ
ⲻˬûйʱ䣬Լôļ¼һֱ˸ˣ
Ӷðǳ˶ʼЩ˵ĳˣ
񣬳ļ¼ƣ
ǳƺҲǳĺһҪһԼ̬ʵ
˵ţҪȡˣ
ֻڣ˶סΪǰ׵ļһÿǰһļ¼һ֣
ǧ֮ԼҲǸܵһѹ
ԽԽѰϾӵǿĿռ֮˸оǱ޵ѹһ㣡
Ȼɷͨ⵽˺棬ҲǺǿ
ײòϣ֮ͨ·ˣȻĴܣ
ΪʱǿҲǿɽġ
ｨһ֮ͨ·ӦҲ飡
ֻ类֮Щͱϡ˺ܶࡣ
˵֮ͨ·Ӧǿ߽֮бıȽһ
ףɲҪﰡ
׳ǰȥʱһ
棿ʲô
ͣ˽Ųһ㶣ȴúܶ˶Ҫˡ
֮ͨ·̺ȫΪ찡ôСӲҪ˷ˣ
һ˷ѿɳܵı
ס˵գҸоЩѰ
С˵ȷѣǶ˵Ǿ׵Ķˣ
һ֣óҲǷǳ˷ܡ
֮ǰʥڣȷĴ
طƺЩɷֻͨǱ֮ɷͨҪ˲ٰ棡ܹյĻɷͨʱ򡭡
׵ʵҲģɷ֮ͨȻҪǿ᲻٣
ɷͨҿɲ֪ɷͨ˭ģ
һƵĿףƺҪռһЩ֪ʶģ
ҡҡͷֱ˵ɣô֪ıأ
ٺһЦ⵹Ҳǣ֮ǰҸĻӦ֪ɣ
棬˼˵ǻǿߵģԭΪɷͨǿߵ졭
ҲǾֵĿ棬ǿߵ죬ֲ̫ˣ
ͷɷֹͨɽǿ߽УʵͬǿҲֻЧ֮ɽ֮ҪһЩˣ
棬ô˵ĻɷͨղˣΪǻĳǿŪĶ
׷ʵ֮ǰоɷͨӵŵıѣ
浭˵֮⣬ӵһ˿Ļ֮һ˿֮㲻κε뷨ˡ
֮ͨ·أ
Ϊ֮ͨ·Ҳǻǿߵġ
һЦ֮ͨ·ͼˣԭһƷȫû⡣
Ʒô˵ⶫʵ֮µģǻ֮ˣ׼ʵ
磿Ϊĳеĵ۰ɽһССĶǸÿһۣĶǸ֣
濴ףҲЦŵ
׵ͷ棬Ӧô죿
㿴յ𣿵㵽յʱֱǱ߿ʼվˡʱ۷ΪϢԼɣ
Цŵȱľ
ôԼǰȻҲǷǳĶĵģ
棬ʱȡе֮У˭Ҳ󹦷򣡣
׹һЦǿԴ洢ġ
Ҳʡȥ̫̫鷳
ĻһվǸ꣬˭ʱߺأ
Ǳһ㴣ǱߣҲһ۷׷ס




2899ֻһ
 

֮ͨ·
׶Ǳߣûǰһ
Ҳûб֮ͨ·ֱӸ߳˵мǰĿԣ
˿̣
طԫѾЩľˣ
ֻһǱЩľˣټһԵİ꿋SĴ̼Ǽˣ
һ˵츳ٺãܺõ̶
ǧף
һнһǰĿԣʵǸо׵ıˣ
⡭һҲֲ̫˰ɣ
꿋SԭֻΪܹһǧף츳Ѿǲˡ
ǵ̤ǧʱҲǼѣ
˰׼Ҳ᲻ˣ
ʵô꿋SһֱǸ߸ϵıˣ
Ҳһ֮Ȼ䷢ԼһŮˣһ˵٩Ůˣ
ĸоð꿋Sһ
ڰ꿋S˵ϣ׵츳ԸһЩһｻĻô׼֮Ҳ˵ʲô
ֻǰ꿋SΪҲǧ׵ʱһһ˰ǧף
ǧʲô
˵꿋SԼܹ֪ˣԼϵųɽĵһţҲǰǧ׶ѣ
һﻹܹǰأ
طҪ˵ЩʲôȻ䷢ԼЩɬ
һԵԫҲ岻סĲ֪ھҪһﱨҲ޼ˣ
ΪѾ˸̨֮ϵǰΪһˣ
ԼĸаһҲǷ֮ǰҵĳͻΪˣ
ȥĻһﵽҵӳ̶ҪԼҪˣ
ԼܹһЩʲô
һЦΪ츳ܲû뵽Ȼô
ǰֱǵ۾ĸоǧף֪׻Ҫʲô漣أ
꿋Sһ羴Ŀףǿߵʱ˭أ
Ȼڵʵ΢Ժǰ;ǿԤġ
µ츳˸Ĵڰ
ڴܲߵ֮ͨ·һ׵ռ¼أ
Ҳ֮˸һСǣһǿҵĸоȻ
Լ䲻ǰλ۾
ֲ˼Ҷ۾ܹô̵ʱ¼Ҹ˼ǿֲ
ռ¼⡭һĿĻֲ̫ˣ
꿋SҲڴĿŶףռ¼ʵ̫ˣ
̨֮ϣ
һεĿ粽ǰʱ򣬰ǳ֮һ˿ľɫ
ĿԸӣ֪Щʲô
һԵа˵ǧˣǵĻˣ
˵а㻹ǹҪģӵǺУΪԺ²ǧף
ɽЩĿˣ˵츳˭Ķ
ǵõˣ˵ʮ֮󣬺ĿʥɽҲ˵أ
ôߵ£
˶һָоڴ
ǳĿһۺɽղѾ˵ˣһǧףǱ˽Կᣡ
ӵ츳ʵ̫ΪֲԺΪӦôѡ񣡣
Ҷ翴Ĳɿ츳ͬʱҲһµĽ
ҶԺͬ⣡
ǳһҶĻҲ΢΢һЦ
׼ҵʵȺаǺӷɽ̣һɵĻǿ϶ǻѡ׼ҵġ
Ϊֻѡ׼ңŻгΪǿߵĿԲ
ǳ֪׾ðǺӷʹߵĻѪˣ
Ҳͬ⣡
аԥһҲǳ
ȻһҲԸԼԵ·ˣδزж£
ֻ֪һ׼ң¾˭Ҳˣ
ãҶԺҺҲͬˣѡ񣬼Ҳһ㣡
ɽʵҲ֪ǳһ˾˸ܷԣ
ֻ˵츳ʵ̫۲ˣ
ȻҲǽ߾ȫȥȡˣڼȻȡҲֻܹ˶ˣ
ھͿһﵽܹ߶Զˣ
ǳ˵Ŀ⳹׵׵ϣҪһﵽܹʲôĳɼ
ǧ׵ĳɼѾǷǳĺˣ
˿̣
ֱӳյķߣѾɵĿ˾ǧ׵Ĵأ
·ûκε谭ǰţ
Ȼٶȱ֮֮ǰҪ˺ܶ࣬ÿһ½ŵľһ󻶺ȸԾ
ǧס
ǧ˰ס
ǧŰپʮס
һףױ̤֮ͨ·ռ¼ЦȺˣ
ɾʱȴϥ˫ֺʮһĴˣ
ڸʲôһףһ׿ѿԽǳҲǳ׵ľˣ
׵ռĿ꣬һ֮ң
Ѳһڵʱ仺һ£Ȼֱ̤
ڴ
еĿⶼڴ
ǧŰپʮ׺һȻֻһףڼ˶ϣ̤ȥ
˶ǾĵȴţǶҪ׵̤ܲһأ
ֻ˲֪ױڻָԼʵ
ʵڲϵ̲֮ͨصˡ




2900
 

Ŀ۽
˵Ŀⶼ׵ϣΪ׿϶ȫһ
Ȼһ֮ңһ֮ǰľǧಽҪļѣ
Ϊû飬ֻܹŲ²⣡
ڣڲ֮ͨ·
֮ͨ·
ҲĳǿĶҪ֪ҪƻǿߵĶ綥ǿôܹأ
֮ͨ·ķѵ֪ˣ
ֻǿλǿߣҲû뵽Ȼ˸˰ɣ
գ
׵˿̱Ϊý飬˿û̫ı仯
˴žųҵ֮Ҳǽֹͣգ
棬ⲻǻвٵ𣿡
ЩƵ潻š
΢΢һЦЩ㹻֧һʱˣȫյĻ֮ͨ·Ҫˣʱ˵Ļɡܹһͳɽ磬ʱҲܲˣ
Ҳԣ
׻Ȼ濼ȷҪܵ˺ܶ࣡
ЦŵҲ˵̫ˣҪǱĻָһʱˣСʱҲҪΪ֮
İɣ棬
׳΢΢һЦԼİȫⲢδκεĵǡ
߱ԼǰǳҪնɱԼҲǲܣ
ֻҪԼӵʱ䣬ҪѰԼǲܵ飡
ӵ֮ףô׵ı˸׽أ

۷׷֮ʣ׵˫ۺȻˣ
Ӱһεıǰյ㣬Ǽʵһ
ȥһҪΪһͨصֲ̫ɣ
ǰĳɹˣǽǱɽʷİ
񼣣û뵽ȻǸˣһһģ
һ죬עҪǧʷˣ
һ˼ĿףҪ׵ܷɹ
Щ֮⣬˶ϣܹɹ
ܹɹĻôǾ񼣵ļ֤ߣ
Ȼ񼣲ǴģԺ˵ȥ׸ԼһģԼϷ·Ҳ޾Ĺâ
һߣ
֣ӡ½ɺܲѾǳ׵ɵˣ
ԭ뷨һģо׺ܿͻᱻ̭ˡ
ǽǸоһı
֮ǰЩ˵뷨һ֣ӵǸӵϣܹ񼣵ģ
ΪЩ˵ͬһģǼ׿ͬһլԺİ
ӵ֮Ĳģ
磬Ҫ漣𣿡½ɼʵ
һԵܲӵ۳ɹǴѾɽ˰
ԺŴ죬һܹһƬأ
֣Ӵûôһ˵ţ֣ҵڲȥһʱ䣡
һʱ䣬׼ÿʱÿ̶ˢű˶֪
ܲӼĵͷǰԺŴ磬ܼҲءֻǴԺְ࣬ǼĻ˰
ǰְ࣬ǿĵطһ绹ָܹһأ
½ҲڴĿףʱǽ߬ԼȭͷϣܹԽһ
ס
˼һ̶Ŀأǿ̧ԼĽҲǲҷκε
䣡
һ̤֮ͨ·ƺΪ֮ˣ
֮·һˣ
񼣣
һǵˣһʱѧԺܲ׶
żм֮ԱǵҲǺܿ챻Ⱥ׵
µļ¼һ̳׵ĵˣ
һף
ѾǾԵļ¼ûܹƣΪ׵ļ¼ߵļ¼
һȥΪƽѧԺְ֮У˭Ҳû뵽ƽ֮оȻը˵ľף
꿋S˼ӵһ
ǿ׼ֱеţ꿋SҪȥһӵ
һ԰طԫĽʺ޵񣬰꿋Sо׾ԼϹһ㣬ֵ֮Ա
̨֮ϣ
ǳаѾǴǶ˻ۣ֮
˿⼸λ־ǶһĽĶף
ţǿǶδӵžԵﰡ
ߵ£
ѾЩɵĹʶˣ
һǻţƺ˭Ҫһȥ˴ؼ壡
λҵҪټСһ˰
ǳһԵļ˱ϵȻ˵ʵ֮ѾǾѣ
һԵֱӵͷǿХһۣȻѧԺܲķ˹ȥ
ХȥıӰ֮ҲĨһ˿ζЦݡ




2901ְ࣬ûȤ
 

ѧԺܲ⣡
Ⱥ֮бŷһ޴Ļ˿Щʥɽǿ߼ѣ
ЩôҲû뵽һƽӣȴ񼣣
񼣣
ǿԿˣ
һף
ռļ¼һ̳׵ıƣ˸о֣
֮ǰЩ֮ˣһŹĸо
֪δһǰ;ǲģ
ҲΪˣԺܶ˿׵ıӰг˿
һЩѾҪλŴùϵˡ
ʵϣʣһûн֮ͨ·ʲô
һλŵĺճΪ֮ˣ
ο⻹ɽʷΪǿԵ
ףϲˣ
꿋S׳˹ǵҲż˷֮飡
ݸһЦһЩѣ
ǻῪЦôôûпһõأ
꿋S˿Ҳǳ׵ķˣֲһһֱ˵ţ
˼ŵʱ
뵽֮ǰ֣оһЩɲˣ
һԵİطԫɫ쳣ѿڸҶκε뷨
ףӦòǱЩѧԱעǰ׼һҶҪȡһɣ
ʱǳʲô۶ӵĻʱôԴǾͿ֪ˣ
һ˵ţļֵԶ׼ģ
һԿŰطһ˿Ƶ˵峤峤ղǲ˵ʱҪи˵ˡ
ߣƣ
طԫͬʱ˵Ҳûа취һݻ
ǶԣǵǷǳĿɬġ
ô棬λʥɽδѾǶѼˣ
ֻǸͲעǣΪ˼۵Ļ⣬ļ¼
׿ŰطԫȻһЦʱ򣡣
ƣ
׵ðطԫɫ֮һĨ޵ɱضûأ
ȥıӰ꿋SЦŵףпҪԷ
ԷΪʲô
׿Ű꿋SôúúõҪԼԷأ
һֵֹӣ㻹֪ɣΪ㣬꿋SѾҪǼһκεĹϸˣ
Ŷˣ
ĻҲЦ
꿋Sĵͷȷһ£ôûȤǰ׼ң
ţ׼ңʲô˼
׿Ű꿋Sôʵ
ʵײҲ֪κһ壬ǾҪԼģ
ֻҪְˣ˭Ҫٳ߸ͷһ
ЩԴΪ֮ˣ
Ҳǵȼ۽ѣͿ˫û˼ˡ
꿋S΢΢һЦֹĳţȻ˶Ҫõġǰ׼ӦҲ⣬ղҿҸ״˵ӣӦҪֹӣֹ֪أ
ңǺǣǵҪǰ׼ǷأЦŵ
ʱȻ㿪ģһҿ㱣֤
꿋SٺһЦۿʲôǶǿԵģ
׵˵ĻҵҪúõĿǿˣ
꿋S㣬òصŰ꿋SЦ
ʵ֪׵ʵ뷨꿋S˿̿Щɵĸо
ԲʱҴ׵ģϾ¼ҺͶ۳֦ͬ˩һϵƣ
꿋SЦŵǰ׼ƾʵ˵ģôˣ
׵ȻһЦҵǳˣԺԺ˵ɣ
Ժְ࣬Ǿܾأ꿋SףҲûɫһ죡
׵˵ְࣿҵûʲôȤ

꿋S𾪵ĿףһﾹȻְ඼ûȤ
׿Ű꿋Sԭ֮ͨ·ģҲҪ֮ͨ·ʲô֮ѧԺְ࣬ûʲôȤ
㡭׽ѧԺְ˶ĵطȻ
꿋SһãȻоһʵ̫һЩ
꿋SоԼΪһ϶ҪʲôʱһǸԼģ
ѲԼһǷ
ף
ڰ꿋Sһ֮ʣХѾ׵ߣ
¸Ժң׿ХЦʵ
ԺԼλѧԺ߲㵽ѧԺ´һ𣬸߰ɡ
Х˵꣬ǱһϵģתѧԺ˹ȥ
׸ں棬֪ХҪԼ˵




2902¼Х
 

һͨѧԺ´С·ϣ
Х˿Ըӣ׵ȷǳţ
һѾȫĵõӡ֤ڰǰһ⣡
Щʥɽĳ壬ǵò׵£³ֶɱҲǺ飡
¼붫۳ˣʵǿصı׼ΪǿǱ
ˣһɢ
Хһ֮פ㿴׵ֵۣλѧԺĸ߲ټӦ֪ʲô˼˰ɣ
ְ˶ܵʮӦøйˣ
ʵҲ֮ǰӰ꿋SĻ֮ģ
ХɨһۣȻ֮ǰǲ㣬ҵʱ׼Ƚ¼ң츳ʵ̫ˣЩ˶ۡ

׿ХҲǵ˵
Ѿ˼ƽϣЩ鿴ȥǻɶ˵δزǻᣡ
ֵ۴Σǲѡ׼ң׼һֵһЩֵ۶벻
Х˵ЩޣҲɫص
Цŵ峤޻ЩİȻ޸ʥɽȻĴ㡣ǺӰѾ֧ߣ¸ԺΪڵİ׼ʵ֮Σ
൱ɣȵȣֵ۸ղ˵Ǻӱ֧ߣ⡭ʲô˼ 
Хףһ㵵ʵ
ЦŵǺǰ׼Ϊǿս֮һǼ˰׼ҵ𣿡
ԭǺӷǡǶ۾Ϊ
Х֮ɫԱʵҲһ֪ѡ
Х֪֮ϵıҲһľ֮ɫ
¸ԺҪ磬Ҳǿ¸Ժһ֮
׵ȻһЦ˰Ǻӵľ֮˵ֻҲ˺ܶ࣡
ֵ۴˻棿
ХĿʵʥɽĳǿߣ˭˷ۺأ
֮ǰХһֱΪǺԼ׵Ļ˶
ȻĿǰҪ֣޵ϣ峤ܹƽɽ֮з
Ȼ˵˷ĿǰȻָ״̬
ھṩһЩ֮ХҲЩʵʵġ
οǺӺХкܴĲͬ
Ǻǰ׼ҵսǲԸԻԵף
ײϣģͰǺӷԺԼһ֣ɽһǿУ
׺ֶΪأ
ХͲһˣɽ籾Լİ֣
ХЦŵȻ˷ϣɽһĳȻҲԸġû뵽ֵ۾Ȼȱ£ʵҵȺհ
Ȼ޵ķֻЩ˵ѣ
׿Х֪Х֪Լôġ
飬Ȼ˵ȥģ
ǵ磬ҲҪܵĲ
ĳףĳףֵ֮־ĳȻ߾ȫֵɽһͳ֮ҵ
ХʱҲǿһ˷ܵ˵
Ƿ绹һͳɽ磬һҪ˵Ǿмǿջģ
׵˵׼ʧȥǺ֮ʵѾγȺ۸ݵľ棬ޣǸߣ
ǰֻ׼Һ꣬ǷĿԲ󣡡Хü
󲢲ûУ޵Ѿ뷨ˣ޸һ飬»Ҫ¸Ժæпܳ͡
׿ХʵеļƻһѾʼˣ
ʥɽ
Բܴ̫ʱģһܹϪȳĻôʥɽĿ꣡
ǾȲϪĻôҲģ
ŶֵʾХЩƵʵ
΢΢һЦһ¸Ժ֮󡭡
׿ʼ˵ļƻХ׵ĻҲһһ㶵ģ
һЩ˼ĵطʱͶЩϲ£ˣ
׵ļƻ֮ХҲĴָǼƻɹĻôһҺͰ׼֮Ĺϵ¾Ҫ׵ˣ
׼ҺȻѺö꣬ǺӷȻ֪һκûᣬֻΪͼӴһˣ
׵Ŀ֮¶һ˿ζЦݣ
Х׹һЦͷֵۣǽȥɣǺڴһֵ۵ѡ񰡣
˿̣Хף֮еһĨ֮ɫþûδɢȥ
ʵЩµĺܣ
ХЩԼΪѣΪˣ
˳ѧԺܲ´˹ȥ




2903˴ս
 

˿̣
ѧԺ´֮ڣһƬž֮
һλŵĺճԭַǷĴ֮ԵЩأ
ĳھڶһ㣡
ʵϣ׵ĳѾǵ̶ȣ
ţ֮߻ĿʥɽҲ˵
ǳаɽҶ磬λӦϣõ֮ˣ
λʮˣؼҳϯʹ¼ҳϯХˣǿȥϣ
׼ң
һҹһ貣
Ϊϣô˵ˣֻǳ֪׾ף
Ӳ֪һﵽʥɽΪ£Ե˭
֪Ļʹɱˣ
ХಽĳŴʼմһ˿ȻЦݣ
ûѧԱЩֵҲûֻ֮ɫ
Ǵı飬ԿǷˣ
ӹȻ˵ãҵȾȻҲ治ɫ
аһ̲ס̾Ȼ֮ǰҸЩᡣ
޴츳֮£Щνʲôأ
ף
Хȥ֮Ҳǳ׵ӵװĺ񣡣
¸Ժ֪˷ĳǰΪ°
״˿ȫǽ˷ԼԵȵˣһԵļҲüѣ
ΪԽʵԽѾģ
Х˵ϲѧԺְ֪࣬Ժкδ㰡
¸Ժ˼ǡһȻʵ
һȻƵ츳ԼʵЩϧˡʥɽʮӦ˵ɣʮĴȫ⣬ǶǶ⡭
ХıʮֵĵλȥƺҲûˣ
˲δκε
һԵ׵ʱʼչһ˿޵Цݣ
˵Լûʵ֮ǰҪ׵츳
ڣҪ׵ν츳
˼˳õɽ绹ʲôĶ˼
οĻֱЦ
ֻ֪ǹһϷһпԵݵϷѣ
׿Хĳǲ̫λ˼ʮ壿ĳƺҲûʲôɣ
ףԺǳѧԺԺһʵҲΪһõƽ̨ܹٵԼѡʮһңżҾ޸棡
ǳףҲ¶һ˿Цݵ
ʱİǳһ֪׼ǺӷҲǼҪһȺۣ
˴ʱ׼ҿҲǺѹ
׵ĳ֣ƺ⣡
İ׼ҪǿнУƱػķ
Ҹǰ׼ôΣ
ھԵǰνʵס
аҲǵһЦ֮ǰֹЩᣬȻֹ֪ӼңĳֱֹΪҸ峤Σ
˻
аĻһԵ˵һһΪҲǲֶ˰
Ҹ峤ֱôһɳ찡
Ҫ֪ʥɽĵλΣ˶֪İ
Ŷ˻棿׿аʵ
Ȼ棬а˵һһԾŶаЩ˵
ɽһҲҧҧֹӿϼҺңҺɽԱֹ֤ӲǳΪ峤һǺҳ֮µĵڶѽף
ɽƴˣ
Ҳ˵һȥǱ˸۸˰
һԵҶ˵ĻҲǿЦһ峤ͺ峤ҵȳ׵İ
Ҷ峤ԲӣҵȲǰжѣοҹƽ̸һ˵
аһЦóʵѾЩĶˡ
ʵһεᣬʮ壬ʵǿҲǰ׼ҡҺͺ֮ᣡ
һֱһǿ׳
û뵽ΪףҲǸ̥
Ҷ峤ԲӣСܹҰ׼ңҰ׼Եڶ峤ݳ֪СΪΣ
һʯǧˣ
ǳ仰ǸҲ࣬˵ȴ֮Ҹӵţ棡
ڶ峤
Ҳϵ峤ֻλڰǳ֮
ѲǳͲ׼󶼱ɱ˵
ʵϰǳѾƣڶ峤Զǵڶ峤
ʱԼĶӣǾ͸Ǻһ
ڶ峤аͺɽͬüͷ壡
ǳĿһ׵СѣǶѾˣʣµľͿСԼѡˣСʲôĻǡ
˵Ŀһεľ۽׵ϣ
һﵽջεľأ




2904¡ɫ
 

´֮У
ʥɽЩּüһãֻֻΪһѧԺ˵ķŵΣ
ѧԺʷϻδŵ飡
ֻ˵ţֻҪõһڷɵĿʼ
һڳ˶֪
һף
ֱ˳Ѿõʷ¼һ㶼Ϊ֮Ķˡ
ǰһжǼٵģ
õһӵİ׼ҺңһԵĺң
Ϊ˴ѾǺˣ
Ϊϵδʮʱ䣬Ǽǿʢ˥䣡
׼ҿʥɽôˣҪһֱȥ
԰ǳĿõΪܹǰ׼ң
ҺͺҵĿĸǲԶˣ
Ǳ׼ūô꣬˭ҪũūѸ質
ֻЩȥȡǾԲᱻ˵ƣ
ǳ֪аɽôĿģ
Ȼ֪
֪һͼֹ˸Լ˲ţ
ԴӰǺӷ磬׼ҵʵֱӽһΣ
ȻǱһߺҪǿһЩ԰׼ڵʵѾȥеĳһˣ
ûˣһȻҪص̨ˣ
Сѣǵôˣ
а˿̿ףĿҲЩڴ
ֻҲ֪׼ҵϣģ
һԵĺɽ¶һ˿ЦݵСѣѡȨϣѡĸ壬ᱻԳģ
׿˵ȻһЦλǰĺ⣬ĳˡֻƺ̫ͻȻһЩ
Сѵ˼Ҫʱ俼ǣʲôǣ
ǳףҲ¶һ˿Цݵ
ܹλʥɽһǿǿмһ˿Цݣһ֮ζˣҲֻǰˣ
װڰֵԺĳ˼ˣʵĳȻѧԺУȻҲϣõõԴˡֻЩԴλ嶼ǿṩĲ𣿡

˽ǵͷ׼ȻܹṩԴһЩǶ˵ΪṩеԴҲ̫ġ
׼νƣǵʵǿһЩѣ
ģǵƲرԣ
Сѵ˼ǡ
ǳһεĿףû뵽һ˵侲ûбͷԣˣ
׵˵ʵĳҲλߴˮʹ׼ʥɽһ壬ĳѡĻĳȻһѡͻῼǰ׼ҡ
СѹȻʶ鰡
ǳ¶һ˿Цݣ׵ļˣôҺͺҿ»һεʵ
ǳӦóԼδʱ򣬽׼Ҹ׵İٺˣ
ֻҪʱ׵ʵﵽһֲĵزǰ׼ȻǿԺ绽겻

ⲻ֣ԭ¶ЦݵİǳһɫЩˣ
ʱⲻ֣һתۣ˵鲢ף
ȻСӵĵһѡǰ׼ңҲֻǵһѡ񣬶Ψһѡ
ʲôСѵ˵޷
аԭ׵ĻǶоһʧ
Ͼ׼ǵõˣԺǵÿ׼ҵɫǣ
Ҫôɱҡ֮УҪôռΪã
ҲΪʲôĳţز۵һԭ
׿˵˵ĳϣǣ׼ҿĴӦһ󣡣
ģ
ǳüͷһ壬Ȼʮֵԥ
Ϊǰϵ֣
ֱ֣̫̫Ĳȶأ
λ˭ܹӦĳӦ˼һң
׵ȻһЦһȴüеļԥˣ
ʵ̫ˣ
ʱһһһҪΪ峤ҪǲӦĻЦ
֪Сѵ󣬵ָʲôǳüʵ
ҪΪЩ漰׼ҵĸ棬ǲܴӦġ
װڰֵʱûã˱ȽϵϲŮɫ
Ůɫҵʱʲô飬СѵŮйصĻǱԺھͿԴӦ㣡
ǳףҲǹһЦ
峤˻棿ĳҲҪ̫Ůˣ׼Ůƣĳֻȡӣ
¶һ˿ɫɫӣ֮еһḬ̃ǳУ
ǳе뷨ʵײ࣬һҪȢԼŮҲν飡
οܹĲ
˵ŮˣǶʮŮˣڰǳ˵
ֻҪһﲻ׼峤ıڶ峤أ
̥
ӦֻҪҰ׼ҵŮӣ
ǳЦû뵽һȻǸɫ֮ͽ
˲꣬һǳǿġ
տƾ峤ҪȻ־Σ
ڰǳЦ֮ʣ׵Ļðǳܵü




2905־
 

ģ
ǳ֪ڸڿӣ
ν־ݣ֮һģ
ϾҲǰļ֪˶֪飡
ʱһĻû־Ϊ֤˭ܹ֪أ
ǳӦףʵ˼һ飬׼Ҳû˭ǲԳΪ׵Ů˵ģ
ŮӢۣ
ѧԺȿֲ츳¼ԼΪŮĶɣ
ðǳԼŮЩ޲ȥоһεĻᣬԼŮҲܹ޳ȥأ
ֻ׾ȻҪԼ־ݣһӸоЩ̫ã
Сӵʲôأ
־ݣСĪΪ˵㻰ɣ
ǳüףѲǳĻֲһν־أ
ĳ峤δı棬ĳûдһʱȽϵĺá
׵˵Űǳд־ݣҲóˣ
аЦһŮ˶ѣ峤ǲдĻĳԸ峤Σ
ĳҲԸ⣡
ɽһҲû˵ǳǲɵ
˼һҲ߰Ů˶ѣ֮ǰǻΪһҪʲô̵Ҫأ
ǾãһֱǰͰ
Ī˵ŮˣٸŮˣֻҪλҪǶǿ޳ṩģ
ǳһ㶣漴Ҳǵ˵ȻСѶԱ岻̫ģǱд־أ
˵꣡
֮гһǳڿıȻ˼£ǲƥ֮ѾǳС֣
Сֵ棬ӡ˰׼ҵļ֮ӡ
СѣΣ
ǳףҲǵȻһЦһаͺɽʵһжֵˣ
׽ӹǰΪĵͷ峤Ȼǽ֮˰
СѣҼƣԺСѿƾ׼κεĵط
ǳݸһƣȻޱȵӵġ
ⶫ˭Ҳ˵׼
ôǳֻҪ׼ó㹻ĳ⣬Ȼܹһ
ʱԵĻһвOK
ǳаǳ뷨ֻ֪һж׵֮У
ϲ峤
ŰǳҲ¶һ˿Цݵ
׵Ȼ֪Ҫʲô֪ôԲ޵ķʸģ
Ϸ
̬ڵ˵һжνġ
ҪľǹԼʥڵʵΪֻ֪ܹİף
ԼĸǣĺҪʱԼʵǲԼĸ׳Ծѣ
ǰ峤ϲţǿϲɺذ峤ǿ˫ϲŰ
ХҲ¶һ˿Цݣ΢΢һЦ
˫ϲţ˫ϲǳһЦ
峤ĪǶ˰׼峤طҶСҶޱĻˣҲһ¶Ѱ
ХŰǳ֪ʣҲû˵
¸ԺᣬԺˣҶ峤ǰ׼ȻڲٰˣʱʥɽǿһҲٵģ
ǳʱãԭ̫ٴ죡
أ˫ϲţҪͨԼӵĴʥɽˣλѾΪǰ׼ҵˣ
Ȼǳɽٳ񣬿Ҫ˵ǣǶɽٳǰ׼ҲѾǺˣ
һƾ峤ţҶ絭˵ʵǰطǿ׵ĻҶĲԸ⽫ԼŮ޵׼ң
Ϊ׼ҲҶҿƣʱԼŮ۸̫İ취
ԭҶԼŮ޸¼һؼҵĹӣɰ׼ҵ׻֮ǰ뷨
ڵҶǳ˵ҲЩΣ
죬Ǳ뷨˷ȥ֪ͨʥɽеļ壡
ǳһЦӿȥЩ񣡣
һԵаͺɽԿһۣ˴ӶԷ֮жǿһ˿ŭ֮ɫ
ѲһֱҪ׼ѹǲģԲģ
״˿̿һһԵХ֮ǰХ飬ڿʱҪʼǵıˣ
峤峤һλ֪ɣ
ХĿ΢ʱɫȻĿΧ˵
¸Ժ㻹к°ǳȻһЦʲôֱ˵ɡ
峤峤λӦ֪ԺѧԺճİȫˣԺһ飬Ϊ֮ͨ·Ĺϵ֮ǰδἰ
ХŰǳаɫɵ˿źܳơ
׺£аԭͲ̫ãȻҲܳˡ
ԺҸ峤Ц볤ʬǡ
Хһϯֱ´˲˹ĳĬ֮С




2906
 

𾪣
˶ХĻ𾪵ˣ˺֮£һȻڲ˵
а˿̵ɴӿХ͸һ벻ŵ
Цˣ
аΪʲôЦЦһ㣡
Ҫ֪֮ǰǸԼ˵ȥ£ƺйأ
ؼҵˣаһֱ£ң
ֻû뵽һξȻˣĺף
λʥǿˣʥɽǾܹ󶯾İ
ֻϢˣڳ֮˵ĿֻſɲһĴ
֮ɫԱ
ܹڶǿɫصϢ࣬ˣ
¸Ժ˵һ飿
ǳһ𾪵ĿХͫҲȻһ
ȻϢЩ⧲
ʥɽǿߣɴûô׵İ
ԺȻԺҲ쳣ʬȷЦ峤泤ϵģ
ХŰǳʹ˵
·Ĳ֮ˣ¼֮һ
аɫѾ˼㣬ХХ˵ĻҪεģ
峤ѲΪԺڸ㿪Цɣ
ХĻؿһаҲϲһЦʵҲǼҵʵ
ľײ˹һ㣬ǲ֪ǰ
ʲôط
аХХıѧԺһȫ⣡
յ˵ȻХֵģӦþ⸽ˣ
죬һֱ⸽ûκδĶ
Ѳ˻Լɱɣ
ѧԺɽĳɽ֮Уֳ򶷵ĺۼʮֵԣҡ
Х˵ͣһ£
аŭһ¸Ժʲôֱ˵
ңǴֳûзκεɵ㣬ԺҲֻǷһѣ
˵꣬ХѾǶһöϢŨصİɫ壡
忴ȥΪͨЩǿһ֪һ鼫ΪǿķͼƷ
Ѫ񣿣ⲻǰ峤𣿡
ɽֱ˵˵Ѫǰط֮һ֪˲
ο˶Ҫһλʥǿ͵ߣǼǲܵ飡
һԵɴ۾ףһҲ̫һɣ
ǳɫ˲Хʲô˼嵽ǴӺζ
Ժԭ鱾Ժ㵥ȸ㱨һ£ǽôҶڣԺΪΪ˹ƽһǵóĺã˻ΪԺ˽ף
Хһ˸оʮֵĹƽ
˭Ҳ֪ХѹҲ֪飬֮ǰ
׺Ȼ˵飬һƻͼǲɢ׼Һҵͬ˹ϵ
֪֮ͨ·ҵļ϶ԳΪ׼Һ֮ĵˣ
ö壬ǸղŰطԫ׵ʱȻ˳ߵģ
˳öʱ򣬻صص֮Ϊڻ
ĻҪӰط͵öѪ񼸺ǲܵ顣
Ȼˣ֮ǰҲɺϵĺܣ
ǰطڱŭ֮ʣټԼ޷ԼĶ͵ߣһʱûзӦĹ
ҪӦҲ޲ˣ
һεƣ׿˵ʱ⣬ȴҲ쳣
а˿̶ŰǳŭһЦ峤泤ˣǰ峤ȻҪһɣ
ʲôΪƾطʵܹնɱЦаǲв
ǳҲЩˣѹҲ֪⵽ô£
ʵϣҲǱ˵ı
ѪȷХУδ˵ԼĶӶʧʲô
Ҫ֪ѪǵԼ͸ģĶʧ˵Ļ֪Լһɣ
δʣǳȻҪվԼһˣ
ô˵峤ҪάĶˣЦ˾Ǹ𣿡
аһɱӿ֣ΪԼǳһ˿ĲĻѾǶˣ
ͻجģаЩ
ֵĻôа˵Ǿ޴Ĵ
Ҫǣ⶯֮ǰ׼ҵ˵ĻôҺͰ׼ҿľҪˣ
ʥɽʲôλԣ
ѲҪ׼һĸû˲ɣ
άһҲ˵ʲôɣǳ˵
аЦ˼һȷ˵˲ʲô⣬طȷҲûʵأɰ׼ȴʵǰԺһǱ޿ưոݣ
а㵱Σǳʵ
׼ұ뽻֣׼Ҳݣ
а˵꣬㳯ѧԺɽķȥһȺҲǸȥ




2907¶һ
 

ѧԺɽȣ
λ־ۼһãֻǴ˿ɫأһ˿Ϣ

λʥĳǿ˵꣬ʲôأ
ʥڵǿߣϢѧԺĸǵǰ
ǾȻ˿ûκεĲ
ֲ˹
Ҫ֪ЩǿʵǿᣬЩĶǶ֪
οʥǿ֮Ľսأ
˽Ϊǿ߽Ǿģôúõأ
벻ͨף
а˿̿ЦʬǣӿһĨ˵ˮ
ԼôֵܣȻ˵ˣνܵأ
ο˿ǾԵսˣսҪķ֮һ
ķ֮һӰ쵽ʥɽĵλˣ
ÿһλʥǿߣǶĴڣƫƫĶ֮ˣ
аܵأ
˭
аԼŭȭͷ˵ϣƺǱӲĴȥ֣
ǿһŭѪɺӣ
аȻŭȴûһķ
峤»ЩΰϾ׼һֱ֦ͬôܶǶأΪ»߼޻
ХаΪ׼ҿѣʵϲˣ
峤ԼǣĶһɣôɳ˴治أΪһҪ飡
ǳҲǸ˵ʵҲһͷˮ
شжͨԼǲܵģ
ԼӾûôĵҲûеֵ
ҶҲǵͷ峤ڰȻ·ķǳͻȻ峤һʱ޷ܡǱΪط޿ܸɳ飡
ǳҶ磬һ׼һһһϵĿ԰Ѫ񵽵νͣѲǰطߵ𣿡
а˿ʵѾ侲ʵȻѽܣҪܣ
Ҫ׼ҿսҲڵ飡
֪Ҹ׼Ѿǳ׵ûϷˣ
ڣΨһҪŪľǵĻʹ֮˭
ǳ
ƥڱʹ߼Ҫɣȴаȷ׼ĪĹϵ
Ҷ磬ϼһѾ׼˿ôվԼأ
Ӧ͵ѪȻ߼޻ɣ
ǳҲûа취ͣа̫żĻҪԼӹţ
߼޻峤Ϊһ߼޻ôˣ
аü֮Ĩһ˿ɱ⣬ĺҪɱˣ
Х˵ΪǲĻʱȻӰʥɽ֮Žᰡ
¹ϵش󣬵ʥɽնɱʥɽʥǿߣǱʥɽΪУ
ǳҲӺǼΪ壡
ам˵ʥɽնɱλ֮ܵˣҲָɣ
а˿̻һ°׼Һͺ֮ˣǻ˭ܹõ
ʵϣ黳ɵĶǷΧС
⡭
Ҷ˿ߣҪΪ׼ڱ粵䣬ԼЩˣ
аҲָɣˣ˵˸һǱǸһǴΪҲϢ
ǳ˵ʵҲԸʱҳ׵
һҿսȻ׼ܹȵʤһ
ɾʤڰǳҲǲʤѣ
벶ȸں
׼ҺҪܾ˵Ļʱ˵˭
¾ĺˣǰ׼ҺҶϣ顣
ΪʲôаҲûĸǳ
ʵϻΪҲ
ҺͺѾЩԸˣڸ׼ѪƴĻǵʱҾĳΪˣ
Ϊһ֮аҪΪԼλܱܵҲҪͳҵĴ֣
׵ûдﵽԤЧЧѾǷǳˣ
ҺͰ׼Ѿǳ׵ľˣ
Ϊа鲻ǰ׼Ҹɵģ˰׼һ˭ܹɫĳԼĵܵأ
ã죬ϣ峤ʥɽ˵棬һ
аǽ˰ǳһǿǰطҶޱĴ֮գ
棬ǳҪһѾЩˣ
ǳһа˼֮ãҰ׼ҹ䣬ʱһ׷֣һ¸Ժ
Ժкָ̣Хʵ
鱾Ժͽ飬ʱظ峤һҪʰطĻʱ󣬱Ԥ
ǳϴһ˿ŭݣһ֮Ҳ뿪ߣ
Х˿ҲЩסˡ




2908°峤ϵ
 

ȥ
ɽ֮оֻʣХ׺ˣ
ǳ׹һӵ׼ȥͣʵҲΪʽ׼˽λţ
ǳյ뷨ԼӴ֮ʥɽƳף
ϾǸʱӰģ
Ҫľǽ׵ӰϵҲ̵ֻܹʱڻߵ
һһ׼׼ңǵʱ˭Ҹ׼أ
ǳ̴Ƕ죬֪׵Ŀʵ࣡
ӵĴ֮գ׷֮ʱ
ֵۣһǾˣ
ХȥҲ˴Ĵָ
۳ؼҵĹϵХҲ֪ģҲ̫ıܻ䣡
ֻХ֪׵ôģҲҪһ̽
һԵҲǵȻһЦ¸Ժֵ۲ʥɽ췭ظǲϰ˰
ɽ¥ʥɽôһ㲻䣬Ҳʱˣ
ХΪȻ׼ҳƿʥɽκ˵Ǻ¡
Ҫ£׽һð׼ҳΪʥɽףⱾ˲ˬ飡
κһ壬Ƕ볤ڵıūۣ
ҲΪʲô¼Һؼѡ۳һԭ
ֵ۸ǵһأ׼ȴˣ
ЦŵʵҲɺ϶ѣǰطǰƣ޻ûô
طɵӻΪֵôĺ۸𣿡
΢΢ҡͷƺطҲǲ̫á
ط˱֮ǳԸƢҪŰ̫࣬ĳΪʥɽףԤʥɽԺ²ðˣ
Х֪طƢڸԼվһߣ
Ϊƾ¼һؼҵʵǾ޷׼ҵĵλ
ڱˣǶ۾
¸ԺԼǣطԸ̱Űǳ˰׼ҵ֮ˣ֮˶·һʱʥɽǰҰˣ
ҲǵͷطƢ˽һġ
طǹؼȻҪúõչһˣ
׻дһԵХ֪׵˵ʲô
׳ֵۣҪðطϴ£޿ܡ鱾һͷѪȻߣɸ֤˴¡ʱطֱ˵ⶫǱ͵ˣ޻̸֮
ǰֵۣҲ֪Ϊʲôôƾһôأ
ҲЩĿףҲҪ֪֪׵ôģ
ЦŵȻа취ðطڳϴ£
ʲô
Хͬʱ𾪵ĿףΪǲܵ飡
ȵһ㣬ǰطǰ׼ҵ峤˵ģýֺͷҲӦ׵ġ
ǰǳôĻ޿ܣ
֮ǰǳ̬ʵѾ˵һУ
ǺȻ磬׼ҵʵѾû֮ǰôǿˡ
ȻλʥǿߣǵʵҲǲС
˵һǧ˰٣
׼ҳǷˣԲܳġ
̵ְ黹
ҡҶңؼҺ¼˭ں滢أ
һ׼ǣʱ϶ǽƵ飬һǲҪɵġ
ǳѾǸܵҵѹĽеĿʲô˵
һҪλ̰׼ҵĵλ
ڰǳ׻ûгɳڸʲôս
ҪǵĻǰ׼ҵĴ
ֵۣطǷˣԲܳϵģһ컹֮գÿ𣿡
ХɲĿףҪ׵ôģ
ҲǵͷʾֵۣͬҲúѺѡ
ǳǻ𣿹Цŵ
ֵ۲Ҫհɣܵģطʲôûмǰ׼ҸȱκεĶ
Хף׵뷨Щɡ
װڰֵʱֻҪλסط׸ĻȻа취ģ
⡭
ХһʱЩԥΪһ֣ǵǸ׼ҳ׾ˣ
οҲ״ǳΣհ
ˣôˣʱλȻ֪޵ֶˣ
׿ХҲ΢΢һЦ
Ѫ
ȷɧĹһ˻ûУ
ԼʦҲǻԵɺ֮²żȻ֮ģɽ缸˵Ĵڣ
ֶҲĶһҲ
ط
ХƺЩҲЩ˷ܣǷǳĺ棡
׵ͷȰһ˵ɣʡĵʱʲô




2909¼ðط
 

ѧԺְ࣡
طԫվһԣ˿˿ȥߵӣ
ְƺҲ׵飡
ְ궼ţѧԺ֮У˭أ
۵ʱƺ̫ϾطԫԸҲ֪ġ
ļأ
ǾܹܻȻҪܻһµġ
οְ֮УһЩҲǰ׼Һȥ֮ˣǸǲҵˡ
¡
ڰطԫŴôŪ׵ʱ򣬴˿ְűֱӺ俪
ѧԺƺû˸ְôŰ裡
طΪְĵһѧԱҲְİ೤ɫһ
ΪףǸ˼¼ļһ
ֻһĸǰվХˣ
¸Ժְܹ࣬ҰĵطƺҲǹְİɣ
طˣҲǳԼ
ڰطУ֮⣬֮ǲеģ
һԵԫҲ¸ԺǿҪԺģ
ԫû뵽Ȼ뻢ıƤѲ㲻֪طɱҵĸ峤Цͳ㾹Ȼվ˵ߣԺΪе߳ܣ
ХŶԼ˿û֮İطԫҲЦһ
㡭˵ʲô¸Ժ˵Ҫεģ
ԫɫһ䣬ղϢԼоһ𾪣
ˣ
Բܣ
ԫХƺڸԼЦѣ
Ҫ֪˿ɶǰĳְ
һϢ˭ܹܵأ
ԫһӸо׻һ㣡
Ц峤泤ˣ⡭Ҳֲ̫˰ɣ
ɶʥĳǿ߰ܣ
ǰһϢûУôأ
¸Ժ˵ĻҲǿѨ簡Ѳģ
ְһӼž
ܿ죬Ǳŷһ飬Ϣĳʵ̫ǿˣ
ȼˣϢоһı
һͷβЦһԫţԱ֮ҲŰ
طЦ˼ХǲǷ˰׾ӵĻ㶼ܱĳҿ¼Ҳ;ĩ·˰ɣ
ԣߣţط£
ХŰطӣҲĨһ˿ζЦݣ
ҿ˭ң
طХҲһ㶣
ХԵ޹ʵģȻ˵϶Ƿʲô
ѲЦˣ˼޻˰׼ң
طò̫ܣϾ󳬼ǿ߲Ϣľ˰ɣ
ΪʲôХ˵Ϊ
ߣԺǷ˰峤֮ɱۣ
ХѾǶһöǳƣѧԺԺƣ
һԺ
ط㡭޳֮ͽһ챳һףȻնɱҶ壬Ӹƴˣ
ԫƺһӷӦ˹Ҳŭһ
طסˣԫһֱӺ˰ط֮ϣ
طʶĵֵһ£ɻǱ˳ȥ
ХŭһԫԺһ䣬ѧԺҰĵط
¸Ժ鵽ǲģԫϽקХʵ
Х˵ԺѾȫȨⱾԺϲ£ֳĶ
Ѫ񣿣ҵѪôУ
طХҲŭ֣ƺڻʲô
Ȼ㣬ط㲻ú
ԫŰطҲǳ׵ķˣѪǰطĻ
ͻȻХУԫһ뵽ߣҲǰһڣ
һԵԫ˵峤ѾˣЦλǰʬѾ峤ң¸Ժһͬ˰ǰ׼ҵĵڶ峤ǰ׼ң
ʲʲôСʲôʱǰ׼ҵĵڶ峤ˣʲôʲӵĵڶ峤
طھ£ΪһĶֵض˼ء
ֻ֪׵ѾǽĿ⳹׵ϣ
Хǿг֣طôҡڵıХˣ
Űطߣƺų׵Ļع
һֱڣǲ֪ХδЦһƺģ
طĴնɱҵλֵĻôʥɽ¶Ҫӭ޴ˣ
˿̣
Х״ŰطѾǳ¼ң
ǳȻһֱڹע£Ҳ֪ʱԲ֣ܲ
һ뵽ǱߣҲЩİˡ




2910Ӳͷ
 

¼ң
طץ̫˵ע⣬ܶ˶֪ʲô飡
ХҵڼðطȻЩˣ
طʥɽ׼ҵ峤׼ҵδ峤
Ժյݣκ˵еģ
Хܹ֪еϵ
֪ôⲻò˸оһľ㵲ˡ
ѲХͲµ׼ô
¼⣡
λ̽һ˾ۼſڣ¼ҵܲѰ֮˸̤벽
ܶ˶ֻŷǻ⣬ǾҪطʲôʱܳ
֪ʲô¸ԺҲ̫˰ɣ
˵ҵĸ峤Цͳڷ
Ǹط峤ʲôϵأܲǰ׼ҵİɣ
Ͳ֪ˣְֻĴԣطƺĻʹ֮ˣ
Ļǰ׼Һҵ˿¾Ҫ˰
ܶ۷׷ףǲ֪׷ʲô飿
ȻЩԣûб֤ʵ֮ǰǴأ
鵽زںܶ˶ǱſϷ̬ˣ
ΣǻһĲ
οطڼʱǻûиľ͸Цˡ
¼ҺԺ
¼ܲĽأѰ֮˸̤㲻˰벽
ֻǴԵĿһ±㷢һǿ󷨣Х黹СĽ
ôӦΪ˱˵Ŀ̽
Х㾹Ȼҵץң֪ĺ¼ǲǲҪʥɽˣ
طڻһŭݣʵҲƲѣ
ˣȻзǳĸˣûһʯĹϵ
οԼҪɱˣҲûʵ
׼ҵλ֣ܹԼ˵ģ
ûԼ׵ƣǸǲܵ飡
԰ط̹ĺܣ˵ҲǷǳǿᣬϾûκεΣ
Х˵Ѫܹİɣ
ݺХ㵽Ҫʲô峤Ȱһ䣬ϷңʱҶ¼Ѫɺӣ
طŭ֣ХĿ峺óġ
ֻݺ˾ߣôطأ
׵һѾµһˣʱȻǲܵġ
ХһЦߣطôҲʥڵǿߣԼϵĶѲǱ͵ߵģ
ҡ
طƲѣⶫԼϣôͻȻûأ
ҲЩ벻ףиҪ͵ԼĶԼҲܰûаɣ
һ㲻ǰطԼ벻ףʵǳҲ벻ף
ǳЩԼ˽Ե˰׼ҵĸ顣
ǳʱû̫İ취ֻܹХ¡
ȻϿԿ϶ԼĶģҪһɣ
ʵϰǳյ뷨Х飬˭Ҫݺǰ׼ң
ʲô㣿ԺˣǾ㸸׵ɵġ˵㸸ҲͬҲпġ
ХѾڸط˼ˣֻѾ֪鲢ǰطģôǻѣ
ХХҸ״ôΪأҰ׼ҵʥǿߣ峤ƣԲܵ˵ģ
طƲѣȻ鲻ԼģǸӲԼġ
Ψһ׵ľԼѪΪʲôڰֳģ
طԺûǳ˰ɣܹ͵Ѫô£֤ףͲ˵ĻôԲˣԺʱȻþ
ХŰطҲǲмЦЦ
ô֪ô£˵˭͵ߵأûκεĹϵҸ״˹Ҳ̬ȣ
طХŭһͷʨһ㣬˸оһĿ£
֮еŨɱ⣬ƺХģ
˵طĺرڿô¡
裬Ժĵ˰׼峤ı¼Ҳ׶༪ˣ
ط㲻ϵĻĳĿ̲֪ܷܵסأ
ХŰطһԭûд֣
οҪ׵ôһĪеģ
ХԿֻҪҰطȻ¼ң
طҲǷǳľǿƺĵҪɵˣ
ǿӲͷ޵ҪͷжӲ
һԺȻ俪ڣط׵ĻͫȻһƺоʲô˼һ㡭




2911޸ѡ
 

¼ҺԺĳ
׻ĴӺ˳֮дһ˿ĺ⣡
ط
˻һȴܰʲô
׵Уһѣ
ҲԼԼǸ˲õˡ
ޣ㡭㵽˭
طףҲ֮ǰǾһѣ
֮ͨ·֮һ츳ʵֲ̫һЩ
ðطû뵽ǣһﾹȻΪǰ׼ҵĵڶ峤
ʵǷǳĲˬƾʲôСôʵͳΪ˵ڶ峤ˣ
ѲɾΪ츳ǿ
츳ǿûͻ֮ǰҲһö
Ĳ֪Լĸ׵ôģ
ѲԼĸ׻Ҫһɰ׼ҵļ̳
˭ʵĺãǺǣȻ֪޸Ҳ޷˶۳۾ף
׵ȻһЦ֮дŵһĨţ
һԵХЩ㵵Ŀ׵ֵۣ㡭ǡ
Աݣ
ѲҪʥɽĴȥ
һط֪ǲζ˶֪
Ҫ֪׼ҿ֧۳³ģⶫ۳۳Ѿˮˣ
׼ȷ׵ݣǱֻѡˣ
һ붫۾һǽ׶ɱҡ֮У
׼ҾԲе·ߵģһ˶ȷģ
㡭㡭ף
طͫһεһȻǱ׵ݸˡ
طδף˻ǳ˺ġ
ĺ֪׵ļһﵽʲôʸ³а壿
ʲôʸ񲻾ǰ׼ң
Ȼ֪׵ݣһ֮ɫ
Ȼ֮ǰôĿQQȥĶ۾
峤֪޵ˣ׵ʵ
طŭһףû뵽㾹Ȼһʥɽû뵽ȻҸǰ¶ݣһ峤ȥʱʥɽĵˣ
Σ
׵ķʵǵðطҲһĺգ
طЦһھɱңһƺˣղʱܶ˶˰ХͲ֪ûˡ
ɱ㣿Щϧˣ
΢΢ҡͷƺԥʲô
һԵХЩ۵ֵ򲻿ɣһԣղô˶¼ңһʲô⣬ʱǳԲưոݵģ
ȥ֮󣬾ͻưո𣿷ҶǸǲɱһ׬һأ
׵Ļðطһĵһﻹǳıӵ
пʼЩˣΪʲô
Ϊ֮ǰڶ۳ʱǾǳĲҪĺ
ʳ۾ݣȻ͸³죬Ѿʲôأ
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ڿףҲûķ˷ۣ
طͷúúãȻ˵ĻǶֱˡñ峤һ˵¼ҺŵҲǲ
ХҲĿףɱ˱׵ķĻôľˣ
ط֪ǶֵĸʺСǺѾͷģ
ĴӦףʱͻȻڱ׵ݣǵʱ򱻶ĻԼ
һ뵽ߣХҲǸоԼ֮ǰЩ̫嶯ʵ̫ˣ
ΪĻٿȥҲôı
׵һĨȣŰط˵޴նɱЦ棬ԭһɱ֮û뵽Ȼܵ޵ǰQѪ㶼֪ʵǺܴΰ
Ȼ㣬ХѲھͿΪΪڽ£ʱʥɽĹطʼĶһԵХˡ
׹һЦ¼ҺؼҶ۳Ѿˣ˵Ѿǽ鶼ˣ㻹лȥĿ𣿡
࣡
ط׵Ļƺǻ
Ϊһ֮иûпκεĻң˵һ϶ʲôĺֵģ
ɱԼѲǲ°׼ҵı
ط벻ͨ˿̻Ӳŵ峤Ĳɱң
ѡ㣬һɱλֵ飻ڶڴˣ
׿ŰطƺЩϷ˼ĸо
ҴӦ԰ھʹӦ㣬ЦǱ峤ɱģ˰ɣ
طЦһҪǳȥ
Щ˵ʲôֻҪӦˣֻԼԼĸףʱһв
ֵۣǷŻɽХЩ˵
ãһԾŶֻҪ峤ȡľѪޱ㡣ֻܹȥЦˣ
׵Ŀһ˿ԣһԵİطѾɵˣ
Ѫ
һҪԼľѪʲô
ѪȻ󣬿ɲǲģ֪Ҫ⾫ѪĿģ
һԵХҲǺɵĿףǲ֪׺«浽ʲôҩ




2912µ˭Ӳ
 

Ѫ
طüף֪һﵽڸʲô
Ʊǿ
ǰХ¼Ѿ۳һݾȻǶ۾
ЩϢҪһʱԼĸף
ԼˣʱʥɽҲǻ´ҵġ
˲Ϊ
طɲϣԼ֤һЩʲôΪ˵ûκε壡
ֻҪԼţ˵Լʲôϵأ
׵ģȻҼ޻ԼһնɱЦ棬֪ûκεıҪģ
ֻʵǲ֪һΪʲôҪȡԼһξѪ
з
ѪȻ󣬵ǲǲɻȱĴڣ
طΪʥڵǿߣôһʶѲ֪
һԵХҲüʵֵۣӵ˾ѪҲ޼°
ǰѪֲһȥ˵οѪȻָڱȽϵɲǲɻָĶ
ףĲ֪һﵽôģ
׵ȻһЦ޾ѼѪİã޵Ҳ޷ʱҲˣ
ɡɽʥɽ˵֮ģǡ
ХףҲε˵Ĳ֪Ϊλţ
Щ˵ֵ뿪ǵν
طкɲȻ˵ɣܾʲôһĵط
Ҫ峤ľѪŶûУ
طȻǲԼľѪһ˭֪һԼľѪʲôأ
ȷ
׿ŰطҲ¶һ˿Цʵ
ߣھɱ˱٣
طһεİͷڲһĵĹ̡
طһҲҶԼô
Ĵ㶯ֵĻһﻹҪԼīڣ
οô˿Լ¼ңʱԼ̫ʱ䲻ȥĻԼĸѵĿԼĶ
޿ܣ
ǳôһӣǰطǷ֮
ǳҲԲԼĶҲһЩԵĳͷѣ
һǳȻ֪ĺģ
ŲԼ֪Х֪ͬطеĵλ
ݣ
ڰطΪײҶ֮ʣһѾƿնֱն˶İط
룡
طǰֱ˺һĿӣ˿һͷƤ飡
㡭ȻĸҶ֣
طʿˮʵû뵽һﾹȻĸﶯ֣
׼ݣԼκηӦĻᣡ
һĵ޻ɱ㣬Ӧ֪һ˵Ҫ԰ɣ׵˵
ҡҲô
طоһŻԼԼĵǵڸɱԼʲô
ţԲһô
ԽҪԼóѪطԽǾ⣡
ڸƶԼ뷨һָоһԼó˾Ѫ»ᷢһЩԼ飡
ڶģһֻŻԼ
ʵǵ͹׵ֶΣһʲô
οһﻹǰ׼ҵˣô˿أ
Լڻصȥˣ
׺ٺһЦ޾ɱȻ·˭֪޵˭أ
㡭Х֪طŭһ
¼һǿ׳Ϊ峤𣿡׿Ц˼
ʱֵնɱ˰峤Ȼ˵ĻԺȻҲˣȻƸһĪеϵġ
ХᣬǵĿľҪŻһ
ȻҲ֪׵Ҫ⾫Ѫʲô
֪Ȼôˣ˵϶ʲôֶΣ
ХƺҲڹżϿþѪƱ˵һЩֶΣֻƺֻǴϹʱڣ
ֶѾʧɽܶܶˣХҲûⷽȥ룡
ͻȻ֮ҪطľѪҲЩˣ
Ѳλ۾ʧѾԼһķ
ĻǾ̫˰
һһ͵ģϵĺܺðֻΪ峤ǱŻ𣿡
طЦһȻղ׶ˣ˵ԼҪ
ƶΪһﲻСѣ
ôʵΪҪõԼľѪ
طȻ֪ҪѪʲô֪Բʲôµģ
һ뵽ߣطһεǿӲ
ХƺҲû뵽طôǿӲһԵҲЩˣ
⾫ѪĶһԼȡĻ˸ܴȡľѪ
ҲΪʲôһֱڶһȡѪԭ
ʥǿߣѪôŪģ
ˣȻһΪڸЦ޵ҪĵǲҲôӲ
еĽڻδ֮ʣѾǶˣ
Ҫ
Хû뵽˵־Ͷ֣ԭΪײǿЦѣ
һƣǼ޿ذ
˿˶оһͷƤ顭




2913³İط
 

ﱻƣ
Ƕһλǿߵδ
һˣ̸ʲôأ
Ҫ֪ԽǿߣԽᱣԼ˵ʱǼΪ鷳һ飡
ǵ˰طֲΣǼ޷صģ
ܹأҲѰ֮Գܵģ
˵һƣ군ˣ
طԭΪ˵ץԼҲǿԼһ£
Ȼ֪׵ݣôأ
֪֪ˣ
Ѱ˼ֻҪԼȥĻͽһи֮£
û뵽һﾹȻĸԼĵһʱ䣬طɫɷף·𿴵ʲô־һ㣡
һ뵽Լǰ;ʹ군طĳӶˣ
֮ǰ˵ģ˲Ϊ
ǰط֮ǰ֪һʲôҸɵĻ᲻׳ԼľѪ
Ѫû˿ǵǾʲôҲû˰
𾪣ţãֲ
طɫΪĸӣ֮ҲһƬҰһƬҵɫ֪˿Ƕôİɥˣ
ˣ
طʱ˶̱˵ϣΪʲôһȻʱ֣
ѲͲʥɽı
Ҫ֪ǰ׼ҵ峤׼δļ̳ˣ
׼Ǻεȵǿʲôʱֵһ۳СС۾ǵأ
Х˿̵뷨ط룬֮ǰһֱΪǿЦģ
ȴ֣λ۾ѹһҸɵ
˵ǲƺ֣˸оһķ񣡣
طĵһˣǽѰ˰
ѾЩİطХһüѡ
ֵۣ⡭¿Ѱ˰ѧԺô˿ط¼ң⵽ʱ°׼ҡ
ХʱԽţȻˣ˱Ͼܵģ
׵ʵǿǸزĻҪ¼
Х֪ôȻʵûдﵽ׼ҡҺͺҵȳ忹ĵز
ڳ⵵ӵ飬Ǽ˵׼ҳ׵˺ˡ
Ȼڻʲô׼ҵĵڶ峤ڶ峤ʲôʲô
طϾǰǳ׶ӣΨһĶӣ
һԵȻûХǰĽţҲüֵۣӦԲ߰Ȱȥ˵
װڰֵ޷һѣѾöԲˣһＴҲǰ
׵ĻðطһıһѲɻ׼ɱԼ
ʵϣ
طΨһξ׷ԼʱԼĸ׻취Լĵָ
ҲǰطΨһڴˣ
⻰˼оԼҪ군ˣ
ط΢΢׵ֵۣ֡ͷҰɣҪʲôҶ㣬Ҷ㡭
㣿˵Ļ֮ǰѾǸˣ
׿ŰطʱðطһĿ־;
ͨ
ط˿̵ĵﲢδأʵֻƿһСڶѣ
ʱڣӦò̫صʵʧ
ֻط̬Ѿǳ׵ıˣŸһѾʵصļ
ڵΨһ뷨ǸϽȥԼϵ
ǿ׼ɿڣطˣ
ХŰطӣҲһЦȻֵѾ˶ԲߣǱһˣ
Ҳǣһƽʱ˭˵Ҳǲϧ
һҲЩϽͣǻΪʲôԲߣ
ʵϣײط̬һּȱ״̬ѣ
ֵۣ㣬ңҪʲôҶ㣬Ҷ
ط˿̲סģֻ֮дŵһ˿ƺ˭Ҳûע⣡
ܴܴ裬طôܲŻתĿԣ
ΨһתĿԾصԼļ֮У
㣿޵ĳǲӲϲɱ޹Ȼ̬ʮֵĳϿңڿһ¡
ͻȻ֮仰һתⲻХһ㶣һԵİطҲǳ׵סˣ
ԭطΪһԼ֪ôܣԲܷŹԼģ
ƺпԣطһĨϲ֮ɫԱ
лֵۣĳһģ
طףסĿͷʱﻹʲô׼峤Ӱأ
ٸԻᣬȡľѪޱһ
һε˵ӿȥһ֮ˣ
ݣ
ûκεԥطһα֮֮ǰǼֱСһ㣡
ʱ
һΰɫľѪĸ˰طĸǰ˸űĺ⣡
˲䣬һξѪѾǱһɡ




2914Ѫ㶨
 

¼ҺԺĳ
ԭһƬİ֮бŷһɫķģ
ǲϹӵƺŷʩʿһ㣬˲ס˰طľѪ
һ̣׵ĸǰһģͼ
ȥΪʥׯϣ
⡭ֵڸʲô
ΪԼ棬ǿôҲЩˣ
һԵХҲĿɿڴĿǰһУԺ֮ƺٵһУ
ܿ죡
ХɫһѪ⡭ôܣ
¸ԺʲʲôѪ
оԼЩ׳һ㣬ѹûνѪʲô
ʵϣû˵Ҳģ
Х΢΢һֲֵ̾˵ĴݲȣԭȻ˵ĻԵʵ˾̾
¸Ժ˵ʲô
ХҲЩ͵ĸо
֪
ȥһõ֪ʶĺһ㣡
ʵϣΪʥɽؼҵĵϵɽʵ֪ѾǷǳĶˣ
Ѫƺû˵оЩ֣
ΪԼ֪ĶѾǶĲˣԼ͸һŰֽһ㣡
Х׵Ŀвϵ߶ʲôָͣıƣѾԽԽȷˣ
ХЦŵѪݴ糬ǿ
ǿߣ⡭ʲôð
ʵҲ²⵽һЩΪʵ˽ˣ
ֻ֪ʵãǿڳХʵ
Хź˵ˣһ˫֮ǩѪ֮Ĺϵͱ͹ϵ𣿡
͹ϵô棿˵طԺΪֵ۵ˣֲֵ֮ǰôš
ƺҲЩعˣֲһֱɱط
һûҪɱˣҪͨѪðطΪԼ˰
ԺҲû뵽ֵ۾Ȼ˵ֶΰѪ˵Ѿʧܶܶˣаʱ䰡û뵽Ȼؼա
ХҲ΢΢һ̾ʵǱ׵ظ׵ˡ
ǰλ۾жԼ֪İ
Ҳû뵽Ȼ˵Ĺħ֮˹ֶΣû뵽ֵɽ
ħֶΣˣħǿ˱ˣҶʩһž޴ĸãǵֶεȷа
Х˵Ѫħֶôܱأ
һ㶵¸Ժ˼˵Ѫûκεĸã⡭ôأ
ıԺĲ֪ǾݼӦ볣죬ûκεĸáʱԽԼ
ХҲǰἰ£
ԭΪҲǴţʩչһеʱоƺⲢǴţģ
ʱ
ХĿⶼ׵ϣǺҪ֪鵽ǲģ
׵ƺʼûͣЪһɫķҲǲϵΧһξѪ
ݣ
Хŵʱ򣬺Ȼ֮׵ҲǶһѪ
ܿ죬ɫвͬľѪѾǻһ𣡣
ξѪڿвϵĸתţƺĳһҪΪһ壡

ط֮ǰХĻɫѾѿ˼㣡
оһ޴ıڵȴԼǱİ׼ң
ֻһѾˣΪǾѪƺԽԽԼĿˣ
ˣ
ĳһ̣طоԼԴһĿհף漴ĿʼָѪɫ
󹦸ɣ
׵Ҳ¶һ˿΢Ц֮ǰһ㣬ʥǿҪ֮ѪȷЩʱ
Ѱ֮ˣֻҪĹˣ
֮ǰǿǺķ˰ʱյԳɹġ
ֻѪȷǸö׵ȷǼΪ⣡
ط
һε˫ۿŰطʱ򣬰طѾǳ׵Ĺˣ
ȻоԼûκεİ취ԼƺѾû׵뷨ˣ
ˡ
طһڣХҲǾ°Ͷˡ
ȻѾ׼ǵȰط˵ʱǻǸоһľ
ϾطܹΪˣأ
΢΢ͷԺ޵Ļ¾Ϳˣĵ޻޲ãҲǺ鷳
лˣطףҲǹﻹλǿ׳İ׼峤أ
峤عΪطˣλԵƬ̡
׻ͷ˿ХҲǵ˵
Ȼ֮ǰѾХϳѪأ
ʵʱҲʹһЩֶԼ֮˸оһ˿Ŀ־岻
һ֮󣬵״İط᷿߳һ̣Хһεӵ˳
ǿǵ˰




2915ӪȵѶ
 

ֵۣ㶨ˣ
Х˿̿ף֮дŵĲǳݣһ˿֮ɫ
Ҫ֪ʥɽ峤֮ǰһֱ׶ƽƽ״̬
ХǻΪֶ̬֮ƺҲûˣ
ֲ̫ˣ
Хоһʵֲ̫ˣ
Щֶ˸о˼
Ѫ
ʧ֮õĶȻܹϳ֣
ټ֮ǰ˵֣ХԼϣͼڴ˵ˣ
׿ХһЦ峤Ҳأһж޵Ŀ֮У
峤Ժ
ط˿̿˵̬ǽһͰȥͲһˣ
峤һȻҲ˵ƽ׽ˣʵѵð
ХŰطҲ
һԵƺЩżʵֵۣղõǲǾ峤еѪô𣿡
Ǻǣ峤ʶǷû뵽ʧ֮õĶܹһ۱ϳʵ޾氡
׿ХЦŵ仰ƺǳѪĴڣ
Ѫԭֻǲ²⣬û뵽ֵ۾ȻֶͨΣʵ
ХףʵҲʣֻǰûʶѣ
ֵۣܲܽ̽ҰĻǾ͵û˵
ףҲЦʵΪⶫȷǷǳĸȤ
׿˵ԺѧĻȻ̣ѪҪ֮
ǿ϶İٺ٣
Ҳһ˵κιʵϲûа֣֮
ֻõаǲŻùа
ХȻûȻҲѧȴ˵
ƺҲûἰתһԵİط峤
ֹӣԸ
طףǹ
ˣԺˣôôˡ
׿ŰطӣҲν˵
ʵÿһΪ˵ˣƺҲΪ֮ǰǵԼȥ
ҪĻ׾Լʵ̫ûƷˣ
õģֹӣطһεĹ
׿Űط֮ǰ޽飬ʱ޵ļƻ¼ɣֻ޵һҪ㡭
ֹ˵
طףҲǹ
ϪӦòİɣ׿Űطʵ
Ϫλ֮Ĺ𣿵ȷҰ׼Ͽأ
ط̵ͷ
Ͽأʲô˼üʵ
֮ǰҲ˵һЩǾҲֻа׼Ҽĺ֪
֮ǰǺȻ֪һЩϾİ׼֮ˣ
Կ֪Ҳһ׼ȷģطǰ׼ҵ峤Ӧ֪ĶһЩɣ
Ϫһֱص㱣ĶΪ֮ݴڶٵʱвСİһֱɸ״ɸԱ֮ҲҪơ
ط˵ʵϪȻϿɵģʵȴǱ
üʵҲǻ˰׼ңΪ˰׼ҵĵڶ峤Ѳֶ
Ҫ߰Ϫ
طҲǳ׵סˣϪͷǳΣգ
˵䲻ģǸʱըһһ֮屬ʱɽ綼Შ
ߣϪ޵ŮˣΣ
û˵ҪΪ׼ʵǿᣬ̤ƽ׼ңԼŮˣ
ԼŮˣȻҪһɫʵЩĺܣ
ԭˣ
طףҲЩΪѵ˵
ʲô˵Ҫôµġ׳
ط̾һϪһĴڣΪ֮ڶãԼԹĵλҿҲǲףǿдߣ
ֻһ취ˣ׼ʵΣ׿Űطʵ
طЦһ׼ҵʵԶλҪǿ֪ܶ࣬׼ӵʮλʥǿߣ
ʮλХҲͫһȻôôࣿ
ְĺܶѧԱͻȻУ峤ӦŰɣʵǲδֻҰ׼һطֱǿд۸ı˵ò֣ǿط׼ҳɹ°˲ٵְѧԱ
طХ˵ǰ׼ҵأһ˸֪
ԭˣѵѧԱƺ°ˣôХüʵ
츳ô˳ȥ˵أֻҪﲻʥˣնɱˣ
ط˵һ𾪵ʵ
ˣ
Хȭͷû뵽׼ҾȻ˵
׿Űطô˵ֻǿд߰Ϫˣ
ĿǰΨһİ취ֻˣϪΧʮλʥǿػҰ׼Ϊصı󣡡
طεʼҲûκεİ취ȻҲף
׵Ŀ΢䣬ͷˣȻȥɣô˵Ӧ֪˰ɣ
طͷѸٵʧ¼ҵĺԺ
ŰطȥХƺһεüͷǴδ־һ˵ѣ
Ѷ֮󣬿ɼһߣ
ʮλʥǿߵػŶоһľ




2916ĵ
 

¼Ҵ֮У
ХԼĶ񴺮˴
ڵХ˵ƺѾΪΨһѡ
ײֶΣХѾ¶˾ģⱲӼλ۾Ϊˣ
ֵۣǴȥȰ׹𣿡
Х֪׵뷨ȷЩ嶯ˣ
ʥɽʵϻڰ׼ǼУ
˽ô꣬ǱĹϵ۸ӣҲѾγˡ
ǳţ»Х˵ֵҪȰ׹ҵһƴһ
ĳȻͬģηû̫ıҪ
ХҲ΢΢һ̾
Цŵ峤ǰǺ»ģⱲӿ¶ҪȰ׹ˣ
Ȼ˼
Хͣκ鶼Ҫúõ˼һˡ
ҪҲСĴɵģ
׿΢΢һЦǵ⣬ˣܾȣܾȻµȴʱģ
ֵۣʱϵԽÿ»ͽ
ЦŵδزһûᣬһǰᣬǱǲɢ׼Һͬ˹ϵѶӦòС
˰طİӦúװɣЩɻʵ
ֻҪطϣʱϰ׼նɱЦλǿߵĻô̵ܹס
һطܹð׼Һһ𲢣ǲܵģаҪֵĻͶˣڵȵڣ
׿΢΢ҡͷұĵλʵǸ׼ľһսǾ޿ô
ХͷаˣҲ˽һЩģԭҵʵͲ׼ңλʥڵǿߣǸܸҶˣ
׼ҵİǺӲǷ𣿰׼ҵʵҲ˰Ƶʵ
ղԺӦҲ˰طĻ˰ɣʮλʥǿߣҾ㾡ȫҲѵֵס׼ҵĸΧ׼ҽô꣬ôܲ׼ҵʵأ
Цŵ׻ĺܣ
˼򵥵ķƣǵʱطϵĻôап֣ܶ
Ǵһ侲ԺֵĿԾ΢΢ˣ
ֵԲа֮ǰڱŭ֮¶ûж֣Ϊڻ׼ҶҵĴ涯𣿾޿ܣ
ХҲǷ
ЩɵĿ׵Ȼֵ۶ΪҲᶯˣΪʲôҪշطأ
շطԺȻõģʵǰǳᣬҪշһλʥǿʵǺѵģ
ҲЦշطȫһ⣡
ֵۣ֮ǰѧԺʱðǳǩһ־ݸ˵ҪҪŮˣϪһ֪ɡһ˭أѲǰ꿋S𣿡
ף鿴ȥЩš
׿Цŵ꿋SȻǣʵ֮ǰһѵԼѣ
Լˣ
ЦŵҶޱӦʶɣ
ҶҵĴС㣿ֵȻʶҲǳ׵ˣ
һĺȻõ㣬ܸоЩ˲ӡ
ֵۣҪҶޱĻǴ˰׼ҵ𣿡
ХЩɲĿףҲһƵʵ
Ǻǣǲô֪׼ҵʵأ
׵ȻһЦһʵҪľǿ׼ҵʵʵжôǿ
ӪȰϪҲÿʲʣǲʵĻֻԺ˵ˣ
ӪȰϪǸ׼һǰ׼
ֻ׵ϣԿϪһĻðϪһָ
ֵۣôʱð׼ֱԵĿڶ۳δҲǺ°
ף֮ҲһĨĵ֮ɫ
ҪȻԺΪΪʲôҪ˰طǳƺҲͰطôһӰɣ޵ߴ磬Ҳб²У
ЦһǰҪ飬ȻҪõġ
ڵʱʲôչֻܹӦˡ
ֵۣȻǳֻôһӣΪβһϪأ
һεʵԼǺͿġ
׻δ˵һԵХ΢΢ҡͷһ;˭˽ΣϪļֵڰǳ֮طҪӵҪ
ɻʳӰЩԵ˵
һˣǳܹΪɽǿ֮һĳһܹģ׷ĵ·ϣ˭޷赲ӡ
ХҡҡͷҲðǳΪԼٶԸϪ
ЦŵˣȲˣһʱ䣬޻úúõʥɽõʱأ޻ȻѧԺɣߴʱ䳤˷á
񴺮ֵۡ
ХҪߣҲûԼĶ׶׽
֪񴺮Ѿ׵ˣ
׺񴺮ȥıӰХҲ˼
˿̵񴺮ײδȥѧԺǳʥɽĵ˹ȥ




2917ֿ֮
 

ʥǣ
ʥʵϲһϵĳУΪۼʥɽķкг
ҲǽγһΪĳУ
ķ˵˿ĺǵһЩеģ
Ͼʥɽձ
񴺮ʲô
׿񴺮˹ҲЦʵ
ӣʥɽôʱˣҶûԹһʥɽҿǶǻԶٷжЩⲻȥˡ
񴺮ҲЦʵԼĸ״ӦףҲһʯͷ
ԼҲôΪѲ
Լĸײ׺ʱҲò¼ˡ
˵ˣ񴺮ã¼Ҵһ˿һı仯
ҲΪʲô񴺮Ҫߵԭˡ
ǺǣȻˣǱԶٷҲν顣Цŵ
񴺮ͷǰһζͦģ¥Ӧ˵ɣ
¥Цŵ
񴺮֪֮ǰ꿋SľǸʱġ
񴺮ͷβҲûв֪ҲǺ飡
׼򵥵˵һ飬񴺮ЦŵȻûƷĺöһҲˣ
˵ҲǣʳջһҲǺѵֵİ
ЦǺǵ˵ȻҲǲ
ط㶨ˣҲһµļƻ
˷ǰʥɽ˵һжǱȽϵ˳
Ψһ뷨ǿܲȼһϪ˵ôˣ֪Ϫڵôˣ
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׺񴺮˱߱ĳź¥ķ߹ȥʱһ׵Ժ֮
ֿݣôˣ
ͣҲֿݿʼ
Ҫֿ֪һֱҲѾɵۺڵľ磬ʵǲС
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ʥϣֿһ󡭡
ֱֿӹҿʮֵ֣£
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ʥϴӦֿݡ
ֿݵɫôļᶨִţ·ʮͷţҲ
׿ֿݵͷˣʲôվ˵ɣҵЩϰôš
ֿݲδ׵ڸղţҡҸоһ˿ϤϢ
ʲô˼
һεüƺһЩʲô
ֿݿдһ˿ķȻʥϿǵõҼʱΣӦ˵ֿݵôİɣ
Ѳ˵Ǹնɱˣ
ҲǾ㵵Ŀֿݣû뵽ϻôɺϵ顣
Ҫ֪ʥɽǿҪǸԼ֮ˣǷǳѵģ
û뵽ƫƫʱֿݾȻˣ
ҿԶ϶ˣ
ֿԴʥɽһֱûдףΪΪԼȥ׵Щʣ
ʵһʱ䲢δôһֱڹ۲Σ
ϣԼܹҵǸɱԼļһ
Ȼǵһ֮ⱲӶǵģ
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׿ֿݣҲǳʵ
ǸղŴ߾ǸˣƺѾǽǺ¥ˣ
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ֿݵˮһǸжˣ
ԴӸ׵ūͣ˵ʵֿĸܵ׵ĳ⣡
ڵֿݣΪ׷ǡͿҲĸԸģ
ˣʲôɲôأ
ο׻ֿµ׵Ļôôأ
ֿݣȻҪȻԱ׵˵
ɡ˵ʵֿݻ簡
ֿݿ׵ӣЩηηβˣ
ԼҲ֪ҪԼȥǸǲʵ飡
Ҳʶףȥġ
ʶأ
ܱ
ֿ֪ûףҲǴź뿪ˣ
Ȼôɺϣ˵ӦÿԱʱֻҪҴǾͺˣʣµԼ˾ˡ
Щ˵ʱֿݳЩ̫ʵ
Ͼ׹⻷ƺһЩһһҲҪעġ
ֿͷƺЩ
׺񴺮ź¥ķһε˹ȥֻһ׵Ĩһ˿ζЦݡ




2918º
 

¥
񴺮ȻʥɽҲΪĳһҲǵ͵£
ٵ͵ʶ˻Ǻܶģ
٣˰
¥ſڣС˾Ȼɻʾǿߣ֮ǰû̫⣡
ڿ˼ʵЩĿడ
ɻʾǿߵķɽҲɣ
ţλ𣿡
񴺮ʱ̬Ȼ൱ǿƵġ
е࣬¥ż仹䣬ֻλ
λɻʾС˿񴺮ҲЦѯʵ
¥Ĳ˼ǳĹȻ񴺮϶ѵģѵЩʱҲ˷Ѱ
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񴺮Сˣʵ
٣ߵһֱеİ¥İǺ¥õģӦ֪ġ
С˻һ˵񴺮ǰʱûУ
ȻҲ˸·ǿ񴺮ǾԶ
񴺮Цŵ֪Ȼ֪һѳԷһЩν
룬Ҳ˵ˣٶѲ¥İĻҲûܹѵˣ
С˵ͻǷǳ񴺮ҲǼΪ
׿񴺮Цŵ˾ûбҪô˷˰ɣҪȻ¥ԵΣ
ײһ˷ѵˣȻЩʱ˷ˣ
ֻڵĿѰ֮ǰնɱֿݵĳˣֿһ¥ĴѰǸˣ
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׵ͷȷһλŵɫ۵˽ȥˣҲʶ
˭
񴺮֪׷ʲô飬׵һ˿ĺ⣬֪˻׵ĳҲ˵
٣ҲʶҵĴӣ
С˵Щǿһﲻ
Ȼǲ֪ΪʲôǰͻȻˣЩ߲ư
ΪԼԭìܣԼǳԱ˳ŵ
һ뵽ߣС˳ӶЩˣ֪Ͳ˵Լ֪ͺˣ
Ǹղ˵ʵ̫Ϭһ˿ݾܾζ
鼱֮Ҳ˵ˡ
ˣ
񴺮Ҳסˣ⺫뿪ʥɽһʱˣû뵽Ȼˣ
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С˿񴺮Ҳҧҧ˵˵ˣԾ˵ˡ
˵ˣɴܸҲû̫Ĺϵɣ
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¥İ䣿Ҳȥɣ
С˵ĻҲֱ˹ȥ
񴺮ҲЩƵʵ֣ôˣ
棬񴺮ƺһֱ֣Ҳ̫˵ע⡣
֮һֳƺѣ˭ֻأ
׿ǰСˣֿݵĳˣһնɱֿݣˣôҲøֿҸ˵ɣ
ֿ֡ݴĳˣ⡭ôأֿݴôͺΪ˳أ⡭Щ˸ӴŰ
񴺮ףҲһͷˮʵ
΢΢ҡͷʵҲֿ֪ݷǳƶǲֿݳڶĻҲŲСӰġ
֣ʵǺǿģְ֪ԭм⺫֮һ츳֮طҲһ㶼ġ
񴺮ףҲǸˣ
츳Σȥ˵ɡ׵Ȼ˵
ٺ٣ֿݱҲұˣ⺫һ֮У˸طԫĹϵ΢һЩĻ϶Ǳ۸һɶˣ
񴺮׵Ļһ˿˿˷֮ɫ
ΪΣʵ
񴺮һһֱ׸ƣ׼ҺʵǿȻˡˣǴŻͳǣʥɽһ౻ˣҴĺһԲϾͳˡ
ȥûлɣȻֿݵĳˣҲܻ̫õģ
˵赭д񴺮ȴһëȻ
Լλˣƺ˵ûʳԹ
޵ĺҲѿһ˿Ц




2919
 

¥¥
Ϊ¥ΪİڵأܹѵĻ϶ʥɽĴڣ
ѰСҪѣǼֱüǰ;ڿЦ
У
Ǻܶ嶼׵ʵ
񴺮¼Ҵ٣Ҳ飡
һԵС˳ź¥¥ȥʱҲ㷲ģ

λҵһֱһµ
ƺÿһκ¥Ҫϼˣвŷǳ
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С˸ýܣΪ񴺮ں¥Ϥ̶ƺҲԼ
ֻܹ񴺮Լȥѡˣ
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̤ռ˺¥¥֮һǶôӴ
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С˸оһĴ㵲ѣʵһԵǸС˵Ҳǳˣ
һٿʮλں¥ҪѾǼΪݳ޵һ飡
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ˣ
ϲľǱѹһͷ˰׼Һҵλ峤ǰ׼ҺҵˣҲǲʲôӵġ
񴺮˾Ҫ̤ǲ⺫?
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ԭǺ١񴺮ֻģ́ͷһۣȻһεתС˵˻ôΣϽ̤ʰһ£
ǣԵȣ̾ȥš
Сŵһ£ҲЩп಻û뵽⺫پȻˣ
Ըʵ񴺮֪СҲ֪һ
ںٳˣǵ˵Ͳˣ
㣬
С˳Լķ˹ȥҲǵ˵֮дŵһ˿ݾܾζ
٣ң
СҲЩᣬһҲ֪Ӧôˣ
˵̤Ҫˡ
⡭ѾǶ˰ô˵
СʵҲһ£û뵽һʻȴһƣ
ž
СֱԼͣѪֱ
ź٣ССǵﲻλٰ
٣̤Ѿˣʲô˼󣿡
񴺮һۺΪԼʲôţ
ʥ϶ϵĽ֮ˣȻ֮俴źһĪı
һˣ
̫ĻһбӦģ
ԼҲû뵽ԼıӦΪʥɽնɱһˣ
֪Ļ´Ҳôģ
챾ãͿ̤ˣ񴺮Сȥɣ
Ȼȥƽĺܣǿóǹʢ˵ӣ
Ҫ̤԰񴺮΢΢һЦ
񴺮㵹ҲʶĺܡЦһ仨Ҳǵõ˼㣡
۸ߵã
ںЦʱ񴺮һ仰ֱúɫ䣡




2920һĺ
 

¥¥
񴺮˿̵ޱȵĵ
֪ʥɽѾǷ˺ܴı仯
ͱ˵ڵףǿǰ׼ҵĵڶ峤λڰ׼峤ǳ
һͲ˵ˣ
񴺮оĵǣ׵ʵݣǿǶ۾
Ȼʥɽ۾ͷôá
񴺮֪һʱ䣬۾ͷ»ʥɽĵģ

λ񴺮γԱļһһ˸Ļˣ
۸ߵã񴺮СӼʮûҲ˰ѧҺˣ
Ц˼û뵽񴺮ȻԼۣ
ôѲɺٻҪǿɣ
񴺮ɲ֮ǰ񴺮ˣߵ£ô벽أ
پֵ̤أ
Ŀ񴺮ԭ׼һһɫ
˳һԼعʥɽԣƨɻûȵ£Ȼ¼ҵСӸӣ
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񴺮ȻһЦ붯֣Ҳʲôݣڰ׼ҵڶ峤ĸǰҶ֣
׼ʲôʱ˸ڶ峤ˣ۸뿪ʥɽʱе㳤ˣͲ֪׼ҵ˲ɣ
ԿţһɳЦ֮ʮֵŨأ
ٻǵԽԽ˰Ȼ峤㶼ˣҲѰ׼ҷ˰ѲʥɽѾպ˲ɣ
񴺮Ҳǵʲõ˻ȥ˿⺫
ĿһȭͷѾǺ˲Զ񴺮
飡
ȭͷո̽һԵһλµӵ֣㻹Ĳܶ֡
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һԵμ峤֮磬Ҳüʵ
μҲʮ֮һֻμʮĩβ
˵ʵһ£Ҳûʲôעλ峤Ͼ˭ĶǼλͷ
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ձ󣡣
μҺôҲʮ֮һɣο֮뺫ҵλٹϵҲǷǳĺã
λ֮ʵȻֻɵۺڣ츳ҲǲС
ʮ峤һְĳԱ
ְ඼˵ĻԺôͳĻԻأ
֣ղ¼СӵĻ˵ƺ
֮翴źҲǳƵ˵ʵҲǸո˵
֪ģǿ֮ͨ·¼ĳţ
֮ȻҲĽʺޣ֪λѾǱżԤˣ
һҲĸ˵ˣ׼ҿ˼Ϊջλż˰׼ң
ʲôļٵģ׼ҵĸ߲һʶ
Ҳǲм˵֮ҲЩ
ԼҲû뵽֮羹ȻԼѾԼ
ΣǷǳҪģ
٣뿪ʥɽһʱ䣬ȻûлȥЩ֪Ҳˣ
֮翴źȻ볤־Լ磡
ǰʵò׵ļһʱǲģ
л˵ƨţ
Ȼûôõģ֮Ҳŭһƺһ
֮̾һ֣һףѧԺʥɽֿȵﰡ
ףôû
һ֣׵ļһԼôû
ôͻΪ׼ҵʲôڶ峤ˣʵ벻ͨ
֮ںĶߵͷ˼ԭһȻĺƺһҲɫֱ䣡
˵ʲô֮ͨ·ļ¼ˣ
һ
֮Ļ֮󣬺˴
鼫Ϊӣһ֮иȼܵĻ棡
ʣ
ΨһеĿ¾Ǽ֮ˣ
ټһĳΪʲôʲӵİ׼ҵڶ峤ղŵǸ˿Ц
ֲ񴺮Ǽһ˵ţһҵ˿ɽ˰
֣һհ
֮翴ȥҪһЩźסҡͷ
ߣҲʥɽǷ˲ٵ鰡һƽһԼȻ񴺮ղƺ˵ʲô۸ߵǰɣ
ôҪײǽôȰһ䣬Ҫ峤а壬ûʸ񣡡񴺮Ĵ̼
˵˭ûʸأǳԶٷӽ컹Ҫ̤ˣ
ĻǱ׵ļˣ׿һӣҲ΢΢ҡͷ
ˣҲΪĳ̫ˣ




2921ɽ綷
 

¥̤ǰ
һҲǳ׵Ǻˣ
оԼʮֵĶˣԼǱ˺ˣһ㣡
Ϊ֪ǰ׵˵ݣҲڱ񴺮˵Ϸˣ
û뵽˾Ȼ츳˵Ŀֲ
׼Ҷŵõڶ峤֮ͨ·ռ¼ˣ
Ҳòһ츳ȷ˸оǳĿֲ
ֻһ˵
ǰ׼ҵڶ峤ΣҲһѣ
ûгɳǿ𣿵Ȼ㣡
ټϺڵĵλʥɽҲվԺҲ̫׼ҵӣ
һѣѲ׼һΪҪҾѲɣ
ýֺͷ룬Ҳܵģ
ԣҪһĵף
ʯ
ڵƷʯеģһٷǳԵٶҲͼʯѣ
Ǽʮʯأ
죬ĳľҪ峤̤ԷӲҪ峤ķͷĳҲֻз㵽ˣ
񴺮˵ˮ©֮дһ˿ķ֮⣡
˿ﻹʲôģ˵Լ˵ģ۸ߵã
´٣ҿ˰ɣ
һԿ񴺮΢΢һЦȻô˵ȴô˼
ھҪһĻȻһʵڱﲻסĻʱ϶ڰʹ
Ҫľǽһû˵ĵطȻ
ڵĴ̼ȫΪ֮նɱ׼ѣ
峤Ȼ˵ˣҪȻˣ񴺮ҲЦ
Цһߣʶ࣡
ֻҪӦһˣ
񴺮ɫ˵ƺҲûнĻɸ
ʶĿ񴺮ʲô
ʵҲ㲻ʲôǰ׼ҵĸӹ񿴵׼ҵ峤㻹ΰô峤أ峤ȻҲƽ飬Ͼ峤Ǻܴȵġ
񴺮һ˵ĻҪȥײΰݣ
һֱ֮εìܰ
Ȼ
һ񴺮ĻһӾͱQЩüԵʵ񴺮ǲǽˮˣҲΰʲô
ߣһССĺҲڱǰŭһ
⵹һԵĺһû뵽һﾹȻһЩϣ
ֻ侲һ£һҲǰ׼Ϊһζѣ
νĵڶ峤ʵûʲôأ
˵ڶ峤Ҳ峤𣿱Ҫΰݣȥɣ
ôĵӣȻҶ峤񣿼Ȼ̬ȣǿɾͲҪ񴺮ˣ
񴺮ɫȻźҲԣ
񴺮Ц˼񴺮㵨ӻԽԽ˰ٽ쵹Ҫôӷ̤Ҫˣ
Ҫˣ㲻䣡
׿źһ仰ǳ׵ļ˺Ϊԭʼַŭ
׵ֵģΪڶ峤׼ҾˣˣһٷҲԲɣ
һƷʯҪˣ
ϲƤӣֱʵжػ˺
һʱ䣡
Χ֮Ҳǳ׵ըˣ
ʵ׵¼ʥɽҲǴΪ˼ѻܶ˶Ҫһλ֮ͨ·¼ĳţ
ֻû뵽ʱλţ
Ǹʥɽĺٸˣ˶Ǳſֵ̬ʼ
һƷʯ⡭ǲʯ
ɲզΣҸʥɽΪеļ֮һаģһҲǵһˣ
ʲôڶ峤ɶ˼Ƕ׫İɣ
˭֪أ˵һһ۵ģҲδذ
Χ۷׷ףǴ˿Ҳһͷˮ
׳Ϊڶ峤飬׼Ҹûж֪˲ʮ֮˶ѣ
ûв͸ǽ֮Ļ֪Ҳģ
ֻ֪˲֪
˶ǲ²ⲻѣ
׵ӣҲЦһеƷʯԱ˵ǾţһëѣƷʯ̤Ҫˡ
Ʒʯ
׿źʼմһ˿ӸµӣúǳĲˬ
һ̤Գʮˣ
ɽ綷
˿̿ҲѪڣ
еĶڵȴźػλţ
һƺĻֻ˲֪⺫Ѿ̤Ԩ




2922º
 

ԭƽ¥ҲΪˣ
ܶ¥㱻˹
ͷʲôʱ򶼲һЩֵˣ⿴ֵҲԽԽ࣡
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ڴڸ׼ҵĹϵҲ֪ڹڳҪһӵģ
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ȻǼ۸ߵãǺþûбҪ׼峤ˣ
οոջصʥɽʱԼϾô²͵
Ʒʯ㻹ǹԵģ
׵ӣû뵽񴺮ûбQһﾹȻĳװβˣ
һԵ񴺮˵ʱ۸ͳ۸͹
ڣ
һŭһεıһƬ֮ɫ
ѣ
뿪ʥɽ೤ʱ䣿
û뵽СС񴺮ȻܹվԼĸǰߺˣ
ǿ벻̣
ȭͷ׹һŶ񴺮ʥɽҪ˰
һֱϲ۸ҵȣΪΪʱҸ㣬Ժ峤͵ø۹ԹԵƵߣ
񴺮ķ̣úƺЩʧȥǣ

ĺûжһ飬˵ӮΣ
ԼӮ񴺮ˣӸöѾǶһɶˣ
ڶ˵Ψһİ취¾Ǵһǰ֮˲ܹ׵Ľ
ȻŰ裬Ҳǿ˳Է
ʲô˿ɱʲô˲ɱʲô˿Դʲô˲Դ
ЩںԺ֮п˵ģ
񴺮֪˾ܴɱ֣
Ǹʲôʲӵף򶼲ܴ
Ϊʲô
Ϊһ׼ҵĹϵʵú֪Ӧôȥ֣
ʯһﶷûʲôһʾͱˣ
ɱʱΪԼºҺͰ׼֮ĹϵѣǾĵòʧˡ
ѾǶһԵ񴺮
ܴǸֵģô񴺮ܴ
Ƶߣû£ಽĳ񴺮ĸǰ˹ȥ
һԵ֣֮ǻҪأҿСӰɣ
ߣҪ죬Ҳֽⲻ۵񴺮һ˵κεԼţʲôӻˣ˰ﵽҺͷˣ
ŭһʵôҲΪ˸һԵ˿ġ
ǲ֣ӶҲ̫ˡ
˼ΪĺӣôܽԼӶأ
񴺮һЦøǸʲôݣ
ߣ
Ӱһʧ˵ĸǰ
һ룬ȭӰѾǽ񴺮׵İסˣ
ʵʵ̫ˣ
񴺮κηĿռ䣬ڼ˵ʵ̫һЩ
񴺮ûκεķӦֵѾõֵˣ
¡
һȭ
񴺮ֱӱ˳ȥײ̤ſڣ
̤һӱ񴺮ײ˳ȥ
ʥǿһô֣⶯Ҳ̫Сġ
񴺮Ϊʲô֣֪ʱӦòģûл֣
Ϊ֪⺫Ը֪һں¥ǲĸ˵ģ
С
ôʵϾΪԼ֮ǰʧȥӣҲΪ˸ղԼ񴺮һѵ
ĿСԺԼʱ򣬱ôţ
¼Ҳʮż壬ֲɵҲΪӶ¼˺ģ
ʵˣʵҲͦģ
Ȼȥ͵ӣʵ϶հǰ˺󣬸˿һѲ
ۣ
񴺮ĿֱһѪ
һȭȥô󣬿ʥǿߵһҲ񴺮Եֵģ
һԲδ˵κεĻΪڲö
Ҳ֪һԲ˼񴺮ֺ⺫ӦҲķˣ
˵ȻҶ֣
񴺮һڣҲվŭһ
ţǴۣȰ㻹ǸϽ͸ϣٿɲұ֤ԼȭͷȥŶ
鳩죬һȭйкܶĲ
٣¥£ƺЩ˰ɣ
ںõʱһ˵ĶС
ֻŮǰߵģ




2923ˮ
 

¥¥
һλṲ̊΢ĲȺ֮Եô貶Ŀ
ֻһϢȴôҲڸǲˣ
ˮ룡
Ҳһ㶣û뵽ŮӾȻ֮Ϊصһ壡
ҿŮӵļƣʵҲѾǴﵽʥڣ
֮У
׿ŮӵʱҲǳ׵ľˣ
һλȥѰһ䣬ȴѶ
ҲǵȴףȻһεĽ֮пʼ
ôҲû뵽ʥɽۼĵطԼˣ
һ壬ԭͷǳϡȱ
ΪһʮֵϡȱĻ¼һҲˣ
Ϊһ츳ֲ֮Ŀģ
˵һһֱɵ۾Ǻ谭Ǳ͵֣
ʥ
һʵѶҲرĴ󣬵ĻҪΪѺĻʵҲԶֹڴˣ
ɾǱѺô꣬ʵѾﵽɵڵ۷壬ֻһžͿԽɵۺڵľˣ
Ȼ
뿴ˮ룬֮Ҳ̲סľּԱ
ԭҲҪʶʶλһĳǿߵġ
û뵽ԼûпڣѾǳסľˡ
ףʶ
Ѿ뽻ֻǱȥ͸ֵһ㣡
ֹʶˮҲʶǴСҲ÷ġ
һˮҲһµ
ֺӣҲǸоһĶ񺮡
ˮȷǳǳˣֳ֮дŵһ˿ζǸ˶ֵסɣ
˿̣
ˮĲһԼͷһ˵˿ź˵Һ¥ƺûֹ£ĪǺҪ𣿡
ԭˮƹȫᰡ̤ŵȷҸٲСĸŪģ⻹𣿺Ǻǣ
һˮҲǹ
¥˲֪ʲôݣǻ֪
һ壬Ǻ¥ˣ
Ҫǣһ˭ҲԸȥǣΪʮֵŽᣬǿ
ǰ׼ңҲԸһ濹⣡
Ϊʵ̫òʧˣʱ۽ĻԼʵ
ǣټȻ˵ˣҲ˵ʲôˣǳ֮ìܣҪҲûطɣ
ˮźڳƺҲԿһЩ
һ˵Ļͱӳȥ˰ɣ
ɽ죬ʵҲ໥Ӷѣ
ˮҲΪôһС¾ֱӸһ¼ҵ˷ɣ
ˮƹģҳ극ߣˮƹ̤ŪһḻһĲˣڰƷʯģ
΢΢Ŀһףˮǹϵģ
ˮ΢΢һЦôչ⣬ȻҪܵġ
ţҪģ
񴺮ˮҲǻĴӺ˳
Ȼղų˺һȭδ̫أ
⺫ֻ֪һЩصģ
ţô£
ˮ񴺮ͺȻһεǺˣҲǱܵüͷ
ƹģ⡭ġ
СǴ˵ĻᣬƹˣҲǳ׵һ
ȻˣǲԼƹģԺԼ߾ûûˣ
ˮС˵Ļԭչüͷһε
١´٣һ飬ǵìǳȥǺ¥ǽìܵĵط
ˮź񴺮ҲǺüԵ
ˮƹ񣬽һӣ֮ǰǺҵ飬Ҿ溫ҴӦˣ
ҧҧˮҲЩ
ӣ
һʵΪӣ
˻棿ˮź΢΢һЦ
̤Ҫȥ̤ȼʶһ£Ҹ׵ӣӦûǿõģ
ȻĻ
ˮһߣ׼Ӧʵһ˭˵㣿
̤ȣǿĵطͣʥڣȻҲǷǳĿٽһ
ΪٽһǱǿԴı˰
ʥ٣ǲ֮ң飡
ţˮƹ񡭡״˿̻˳
ˮףüʵǺˣΪһֱûм㣿
ˮƹù˭ֻ̤˭Ըǲܹ
׵ĻˮܵüҲɫ
Ҫõ̤Ҳܹˮƹĵĳ룬Ϊһոռ׼ҵҲܹõóˮƹĶĶޣ
˿̼ףоһĳ죡
ʶף
ںЦֹʱ׵һ仰һԵˮʧɫ
ڳΧ֮Ҳǳ׵±ˣ




2924ѿĺ
 

˭
ĺЦһ˵ʶʲôˣѲɻ˱ʥɽ˸ţ
˵ˣˮһֱҪ̤ȣ
ô뾡˸ְ취һֱ벻̤ȣ
ΪҪĽ̤ȣʮһͬУ
ʵˮԼǱһôľӪѾһЩɿˣ
ϾˮЩĺôҲǷǳĶģ
ֻǰ׼ҡҺͺ⼸һֱɿڣ⼸һɿڣҲڽȥǣ
Ϊ˴ѹ񴺮ףֱӼԼռɱУ
Ͼô˺ȥʱ򶪵ĻǺҵ棡
ڶǿ϶ˣԲô˵棬úҶӣ
ܹ¥ԷģʥɽҲͷɣ
Ķ˵ĻԺʥɽȻ˵̧ͷǺܸоһȣ
ôˣ˭ҵӣ
ûУ
ûУ
ҲΪʲôͻȻ֮䱻˴̼֮󣬻˷һ֣
ˮ̤ȵ飬ܹһӦˣ
ʵҪԭΪϰˣӦѹһͷѣ
һѹһͷǾͻ伫Ľһ
ⲻò˵Ҳʥɽһֱˣ
ףʲôˣû˵˵ǲǴ˰Ȼ˵ʶһ˾ܹıˮƹ⣿ȰʶĻǸϽ
񴺮ףһֺӣ
ˮΪ˽̤ȿľӪô꣬ôִܷõĻأ
˵ʲôףĸǳ峤ֵܣҲʹɣ
Ϊ˵㣬ܹˮ̤Ȳ
׿һۺ˵嵹ǾڹܹٶһЩһˮƹߵĻǾЩѿˣ
ֱЦˮƹߣ㻹쿪Ϊ˭
ף
һ쿪ı»˳Ƶ
ˮǷˣôԼЩҴţСӸأ
ѲˮΪʶһˣͷ̤ˡ
׵Ųˣ
һߣ
ˮ˿׻һĴΪһԼо˼֣
ף
ԼҪ޵ˣΪ;ⶵĻôӦþˣ
޳Щ鲢Լܹһ˳ģ
׵Ƣ𱬣˲ǵˣ
󱻵ĳţս֮Ƶħץˣںǻ˭Ҳ֪
磬Ҳͳ׵ʧȥϢ
û뵽˶֮󣬾ȻһСվԼĸǰ˵ʶף
ˮһһ˿ʵ㡭֪˵ʲô𣿡
Ȼ֪ˮƹѲɲҪһǰ𣿡
׿ˮǵĺܣҲԼˣ
Ҫ֪ʱڵĻѾǴҪ̫ĻͱQˮˣ
㡭Ϣˮúоһ˿Ĳ
ˮˮƹ̤ȵĻֻһΣ˽ԺҪ̤Ǿ޿ܵģ
ˮһԵĺǼһһʱоʮֵΣ
תĶ׵ǻô֪Ϣģ
ˮƹαżȻ˵ˣǿ϶лǰϢˣˮƹ񽫴˰µĻҪǰܿ죡
׿ˮʵҲˮͻ׼ġ
ãҴӦ㣡
ˮףĿ֮дһ˿ķ֮ɫ
Ϊ׵ĵϸʲôֻǻ׵Ϣջ
ˮƹ֪ʲôʧȥΨһһν̤ȵĻᣡ
ŭһĺҲЩˣ
ĸֵĻԺʥɽ̧ͷ
٣¥İٷҵ𣿾Ǹˮĳһˣ
ˮźҲû׵ĵﺫ
ãҸӣɫѿҲˮת񴺮˪˵컹ܹ̫𡭡
˵꣬ԭİ˹ȥһĨɷ˵
˿̵ˮ׵ǽ̤İ䣬֮ǳڴ֮ɫ
ף
ڴôӣѵһҪ
ˮ֮ڴʧ䲢棬ôϣһģ
˵ƭȻĹ




2925¼ˮ
 

̤
ˮ׺񴺮ڣѾǷԸȥԲκ˵Ĵţ
ʵϣҲѾ̤һ
κҪ͸׵ķ͵ǲܵģ
ɽ磬ûôţ˴ڣ
ˮΪԼʶѾ൱ǿ֪׵ĸǰСƶѣ
Ǻˣ
ˮףƺһĿǰȥЩƽӣ
ᣬС
ˮΪֱ۵һ뷨ǻ׵ϢòʱԵĵ˺
Ǵ˵ƭԼǵʱɾ͹ֲԼˣ
ܹ˵׵֣һԼ˵˵ʲôľϲҲ˵أ
׿ˮЦŵ˭ҪҪܹû̼㣡
̣ѲɻҲʥɽ
ˮЩĿףʶһ˺ܹ
Ƶǣܲ׵κϢ
ֻֿԣһǻ׸̽Χ֮ڣһ־ǻ׵ʵѾ߳ˣ
ˮŻ׵ʵ߹Լǵһĳţ
Ƿôʱ䣬ǻţʵҲ˳Ľɣ
ʥɽҾڸ
ײҪ¶˵Ǵһ˿أ
ڸߣΪСôղѾ̽Χûл׵Ӱӣ
ˮףܸоһϷˣԼ
㿴˭
һ
һӰѾǳ̤棬˿ûκεף
ˮҲһϤӰӵʱ۾оһɲ˼ģ
𡭡磬𣿡
ˮ˴һ˿ĲƺҪףȥȴһε˻
Ѷϣ
һԸǿƵˮƺһҲǳֵַģ
׿ŶˮֱӰԵǰסȻû뵽Ȼ߼㣡
磬𣿡
ˮŻףҲ˫ֽıŻ׵
һ̣·ؾֹƺһƬռֻ֮ʣˣ
ˮȥѯ׵Ǵʲôطðģ
ڵô˼֮࣬ҲŶԷ
ˮδһ֮ô̤ʵ
֮
׺ˮƺҲǸܵ׺񴺮˳Ŀ⣡
ͷʧ̬ˣʧ̬ˡ
ˮҲǺɫһ죬Ż׵磬ǡ
һ£⡭λҡҵˡ
׿ˮҲǴ󷽷Ľ
ʵ˵ˣѹҲûиܵκ׵ʲô
ںܶ෽棬ֵܻ֮Ҫ׵֣
ԣ׽ʱѹҲûκεĽ⣡
׵ЩƣҪ˵ˮѾŭһ磬˵ʲôˣ⡭ôܣʲôʵôܳΪأ
𼤶
׿ˮҲ֪ԼһʱЩ˵©ˡ
ǿԼʵЩˣ
磬ֻҪһ仰̱ɱ
ˮŭĿԲĿף֮еɱӿ˿ûκεڣ
ʲôԸģ
һˮӣҲǳˮ
ԸģˮЩƵĿŻף̾һˣܹҪ͵ģʵġ
׽νԼȻһԼ˵һ飡
ˮҲ𽥵İ
üȻֵܣΪθļأߣҿǡ
ȻˮƹˣֱӽԼҲν飡
׿ˮҲν˵ʵһһ׻ν
ôʱ䣬ӦÿóԼôˣ
ѡ߱ѵĻԵǿ£
˻棿ˮƵ
һԵĻεʥϣҵԼˣͱˡ
硭ˮЩˡ
ˣ
ײɷ˵Ѿǽ׵Լ
֣˷̤̤Ȫţǿǰѵһ鰡Ҿ˵ֻʮ֮˿Խ룬һλǲΪ̤Ȫ
˻δ˵׵Ķȴƺʲô´½һ㣡
̤Ȫ
׻һ˵̤֮ǰҲֻ˵ѣ
һĳźڵķ俴˹ȥ




2926̤Ȫ
 

ʥϣʥϡ
׿ǷΪˣ
ʵһ˵˵ȤѾǱǱȥˣ
̤Ȫ
ԼûڼȻˣȻҲЩ͵ģ
ţŶʲô£׿ŻҲЦʵ
ʥϣ⡭Ĳҵ˼
ʵβѣһԵˮҲЩǸȻĿף
Ҳû뵽׾Ȼôˬ죡
⵹ԵЩⲻˣǿ׵ӣҲβѣ
ΪԼĻˣ
ˮЩ֣˵ʲôܹԼĻ˵ķ
ױץǸʱҲǱѣ
һˮ֪һģͬ飬û뵽ȴĸԸ
ⲻ˸ʲôأ
ȻѾˣȻͲ㣬ԻǰҲҪ̫࣡
׿Ż뵭˵ƺûκε
ʥϡ
ҲһĲ˼ڵʲôһ㣡
һԵ񴺮񴺮֪ʲô̤Ȫ
̤Ȫʥô
񴺮Ҳһ㶣̤Ȫ֪һЩֻôص֪ķǳ٣
񴺮ΪҲû̫Ĺϵһֱû˵
֪
׿񴺮ҲЦʵ
񴺮ͷ̤Ȫ֪һЩ֪ĲǺܶ࣡
˵˵
׿񴺮¶һŰ
һԵˮû뵽Ҳ֪̤ȪһΪʲôأ
ˮƹҲ֪һˣ׿ˮʵ
һƵʵ˵ʲôʲô̤Ȫôû˵
ˮЦе˵̤Ȫû˵̫ˡ֪֪֪̤Ȱ
̤ȣҲ֪ҡҡͷ
ݸһЦ̤޵֪һЩҲûȥ
̤ȵķλʵѧԺĺɽʥɽΪصĵط֮һ
ˮŻףҲĽ͵
׿ˮʵ̤Ȫ̤ĳһطˣ
ֻ֪̤ȪܶſһΣǺ¥ۼ£ҲҪ֪飬ֻ̤˲ܹ롭
ˮ˵ģҲΪź
üʵղǺǴӦܹ̤𣿡
ӦЩϣɣʵϣҲǺܴ󣬲ղǱϣǱûϣĺõ뷨ȥ̸ģ
ˮʼղŻû̫⺫Ļ£
Ǻ峤ɽ˵ĻܹһЩ
⺫Ļֶֻܹѣ
񴺮һԵͷҪ̤ȣҪһϵĳͬУʵϰ׼ҡҡֻҪһͬ⣬ͺðˣֻҪҲͬ⣬̤ȣ
ˮЦŵ´ԼǣһʥɽȻЩλǸȻ̫ˣǵʵҲǳǿᣡ
ʵʵǿôǿߣҲǸһܹ֮ڣҪΪʵǿҲǣ
񴺮Цŵʵ嶼һӣҲΪһ岻ǣȴҲ£
ĸĳĵĻǵʱĻǸΣ
ǺΣ
׵ͷ̤Ȫôأ
ʥϣʵ̤Ȫھһǿ̤Ȱɣ̤Ĵڣһ˭ֻ֪̤Ȫ˵ǶγһΣʱ䲻
񴺮ֱӽ͵ʵ֪ҲһŶѣ
֪ĶǴԼĸǱ˵ģ̤ȪԼĸ׶ѽͣ
ˣҲ˵ܹ̤Ȫ°빦ڱͻǰɣЦʵ
ʵϣѾǲ²⵽˸˾Ųʮ
ֻЩ벻ͨʥɽΪʲôĴڣ
һ뵽֮ǰ֮ͨ·ʵҲͲˣ
ʥɽȻĴ½С˺ܶ࣬ȴźܶйصĶ
֮ͨ·һڵ̤ƺһ
ڶǿνǶƣ
һϢһҲǾ
ӦǵģҪһ㣬״˵̤Ȫһ羮Ѿ˰ˣĻǿ൱Ŀŵİ
񴺮ףҲм˵
ʮ֮һ峤ӦнʸɣЦʵ
ʸ񣿻ûУ̤ȪʸǲһҪжǰϹ飡
񴺮ĻȤһԵˮҲͬˣ
ʸ
ˮҲεĿ񴺮Ȼȥȴ޷赲




2927²ˮ
 

̤ڣ
˶ǳ񴺮ķ˹ȥΪʮ󳬼峤
֪һЩ˲֪ҲǷǳ飡
׿񴺮Цŵ񴺮ҲֻΪҵȽ˰
ʥˣû뵽ʥ϶̤Ȫ˵ĸȤ֪Ļһ㣬ͿԸ׼ҵ̸ˣ
񴺮ЩźĿףоԼʲôһ㣡
׵ȻһЦֻҪ֪Ȼнȥİ취
ţʵ̤Ȫ˵ʥɽеʱˣе̤Ȫе̤ȣʥɽ˹أֻܹ̤Ȫ֮У
񴺮ףҲЦŵ
²̤Ȫɣ̤ҿҲʵǿ֮˰ѿأѰ֮˸ȥ
׿񴺮Ҳǵʵ
ʥԲ̤ԭֻѧԺĸ߲ܹȥʵϻϳʮ󳬼ְѧԱ˸ûʸ룡ʮ󳬼ˣҪ̤ҲǺѺѵģ
񴺮Χˣ
´٣ô˵̤ȪǼΪĿˣղ˵ʲô
ˮԴ˷ǳĸȤƺ̤ųѰȤ
һԵĻ׿ˮʦϹʲô
磬Ͳ֪ˣ̤ȿܹͻʥڵأûļӳ֣Ҫͻƣʵ̫̫ˣһҲò취ɷĽݾ̤ȾѰҵĽݾ֮һ
ˮŻףҲεҡҡͷ
񴺮Цҡҡͷ̤ǲģһˮչҵ֪ĻǺĻš̤ȪһˮƹͲϡ
һͲϣʲô
ˮЩĿ񴺮Ȼ˵壬Լ츳Ҫǿ̫ˣ
Ͳʮ꣡
񴺮ˮ޿ȥӦаˣ
ˮƵ˵Ȼһʹﲻ̤ȪΪŵİֲǿʢЩаҲ̫ˣ
Цŵǵڶ͵
񴺮ЦŵڶʵﵽɵۺϵǿߣǾǱѧԺˣ
Ǻǣ޵ʮֵķϰƺЩ˼
׵ǿԼЦҲЦ
Ķǳķϣ
񴺮ͷʥϷеģϾʥϵ֮ʣ˭ܹȵأ
֮ʣˮҲЦǺǵ˵ʵƺҲûдﵽɵۺڰɣ
ɱСʥϣһˮСף֪椽Ҫ˵ʲô
Ǽ̫̫ˣ
Щλ۾Ľأ
۾ǺúõվߣЩ˵ˣĳˡ
ˮŻ׵˵ʵ磬ʵһ㰡
һ㣿ǺǣΪ㿴͸ʥϵʵѣ׵˵
ҿ͸ҿʥڵʵﵽʥڣ
ƺˮһĨıӣ
ʵʲô͸
ʥɽǼϼһ֮⣬֮У
ˮƹҲôǿƣ֪ˮƹɷ˵ҵĸ峤Ца飿
񴺮ˮǱӵҲЩ˵
װڰ֣Ȼ񴺮ͲҪ˵ˣȻǻǰ֮ͬˣǱǵѣûбҪ£
УһͲˣܿˣˮŭһ
һüͷ̫ˣ
磬Ҿǲôܱһǿأ
ɽ֮ˣʤǿʵҲ൱ģ
ˮΪԼҲһ˾ͰԼȥˣ
οҲΪԼأ
Ժлᣬˮƹдһ²û۵ıҪ
ϣֱӽ񴺮˸ѹסˣ
ƺЩסˣ
һԵˮΣϾģ˼ҼȻ˵Ҳ˼ӲͷƤ˵ɣ
Ȼ֮еĺһ㶼ûм
磬ͱˣôûأˮŻҲЩҲקŻЩ˵
Ƶ˵ԺʥϲǾͻҵĲ
ԺˣˮһԵĻҲǿЦѣˮŻЩʵ磬һתҵ𣿡
Ҳҡҡͷһ¥ˮƹֻѣ
ǣˮЩɻʵ
׵֮һ˿ɱ޴˷ֻΪնɱ




2928˵ʵû
 

̤ڣ
ˮҲ𾪵Ŀף
նɱһĵӵǶôķʰ
ǿ˾֪նɱ˵Ļʥɽ¶Ҫˣ
ˮʵǿһ壬Ҳ׵ĵʥɽ֮ˣ
Ϊˮ˽ʥɽĿֲģ
һֱʢ˥ʵϾǿʥɽǿ֧ţǿ½ЩϺзĻ֧ţ
塢ħʹ嶼ģս
嶼Ц󣬼ǲʤҲʤˣ
һﶯҪնɱʥɽλĳ庫ҵ峤ⲻǳô
οǵʵҪնɱǼǲܵ鰡
㡭㵽ʲô˰Ȼ˵ȿ֪Ļ
ˮʵЩסˣһҲ߯ˡ
оƵǣԼĻ绹أ
һмʲôصĻôԼײżĻҪΣ֮У

ˮԼĻһε̶֮ж޷԰Σ
ʵϣԼĻһѾ൱Ŀˣ
ǴĶ۾
׿ˮҲ΢΢һЦ˵ⶫ۾˲֪˲
۾Ǹ𣿡
ˮһ񼴱ʥɽҲǺպĴڣ
ֻⶫ۾Ȼǿ󣬵ǿͨ˵ģ
ʥɽЩߣ»˺ܶ࣡
ȻˮҲû뵽һﾹȻǶ۾ɾǶ۾ôأ
ô֪ҸղΪʲôô˵˰ɣ
ЩĿˮ
ֻˮⶫ۾ҲЩȤѣ
ҲΪ׵Ĺϵˮ˵ƽ׽ˣ
ûлϵĻˮÿһ۰ɣ
磬Ҵ㣬һ۳ʵ벻ǵķۣ
ˮҲʵǣ˵Ƕ۳Ƕ½Ϊǿ۳أ
ʥɽʮ󳬼֮⣬ˮʲô˶еģ
̫һɣʥϸЩ˿ɲͬ
׿ˮҲǼ
һԵ񴺮ҲǵͷЩôʥᲢأ
˵Ҳһ۾½Ǳ߳Ѿ̤ʥڵ³죬֮˻ǲ
ˮҲųףֻŻǳ־ԼӣЩһѣ
׿ˮЦŵˮǰ֮ǰѾ˵ˣЩûκε壡
ǰȷûκε塣ֵҲҪˣǼһһ˼ĸи̵Ļôأ
ˮ˿ЩͱˣҲΪ˻׿ǣ
Ȼ׵ߣôԲκ۸
ǰԼûǸʵԼʵѲ۸ô
ŭһֵ۹ǾΣգǴɲزУ
磬ҡҲǸ˼ֻʥɽҵܶԿģĳ㳲ҲδؾǵĶְοô㳲Ϊһļһأ
ˮЩˣû׾ͺǱ˹ʲôԻһ㣬˵ʲô˵ͨˣ
Ҳ̫СʥˣʥУ
һ뵽һΰͷˮ
ˮһЦ˳磬ǲǱһϴ˰
ǵģЩ۵
˵ʵûţ
⻻˭ż
ˮһףȻ΢΢ҡͷ˵ֵۣʲôţⴵǲǾԼɽЩˣͿΪΪˣ
޲۴£ҲЩΣˮЩԼ
ֻ׾ЩˣڵȤǺ
һ壬ʱûʲôȤ
ðɣ㵱ֵܣҲͲʴˡֻһ㣬Բܲ£ҵĵߣ
ˮףҲƶ˵
̾һԭûд룬Ҳò
׼ˣ
ˮʶƺ̽鵽˸ڷ춯Ҳǿһף
΢΢ͷ񴺮뿪˺¥
˵Ҫڸһﴴ조ᡱѣ
֮˸ո߳䣬û뵽ǾȻ񴺮Ҳ˳
Ŀһ񴺮ףҲǼҴҵĳ¥˹ȥ
Ȼ֪Ҫȥʲôطɶ˵ֻҪܹлģ
ԼţѲܾܾɣ




2929¼Ԫʯ
 

׼У
֮糯Ű׼еķ˹ȥƺǳļУ
һλȻΪ̤ȪΪʲôôżȥ׼أ
Ѳ׼ʲôǵĶʲôģ
ֻҪһҪõĶ׾öܹĵõ
׵ĵߺԭ
ȻˣôʵֻһĿģǾǴ̼
ǣ
ǰŸոս׼У׺񴺮ȴҲǸŽˣ
׵˵ô׼лҪ㱨ɣ
ߣ֮磬ȥɣ
ƺɫЩȻʱ̫֮࣡
֣⵽ʲôȻҪȥǺҵļʦƺҲͰ
֮翴źҲЩƵʵ
΢΢ҡͷⶫЩأҲҪðǺӰϸҼһ¡
㲻֪Ϸ飿
֮翴źҲǸоЩˣ
ʲôˣ⡭ôܣǰǳ峤ǻûз𣿡
Ҳסˣ뿪ʥɽôʮ飬û뵽Ȼ˷ˣ
ô׳۵ĳ棬ԼȻˣ
ôЩ꣬Լ״ʲô
Ҳǿϧ˰ϷҲǰЩӵ飬ʱ䶯ʥɽҲѹ㲻֪ˡ
֮翴źҲε˵
ҧҧˣҽɣҲýȥʲôɣһ֪أ
ǰ׼ұϾʥɽ֮һǵļʦʵȷǲ
֮ҲǰοȣЩʦǲһΣ
״˿źĻҲһľ棡
СӻǸԼϲ
׼м
֮翴񴺮һεĸҲǱܵüͷ
Ǻ£һﲻҲðǲƤˣ
ŭһ񴺮ףѾǱߣ
ݣ
֮䣡
оȻѾǳһöͨڵĺɫʯͷ
׼һ˲ʯͷ
Ԫʯ
ôҲû뵽һﾹȻһôļԪʯ
Ҫ֪ԪʯҲ൱ֵǮְ
ǰԪʯҪԼڵļԪʯҪʮϣ

ôõĶһﻹ˷Ѱ
ϾĶ˲ʶʵ̫ˡ
֮ǰ׿ʱʵԼҲʶ
٣Ҫ
λʦȥҲǲСˣҲʮֵг
ŰǺôʱ䣬Ҳģ
ʦͽ
ӦǸǺӶ꣬ѧ˲ٵĶ
״ʦⶫһظֵģҲ⵽ʲô
λ״ʦҲɻʵ
Ǵأֻأ״ʦźҲЦʵ
ҪʲôˣǺöȻԼˣǶһ㣬Ҳˣ
ν˵֮еΪⶫӦǲġ
о
Ǹֵһָо
Ҳһ׼Ȼһκ²ķǳ׼
ɼǺöòǶ˵һĲֵ
״ʦ΢΢һЦӹɫʯͷ֮˲üͷ
Ԫʯһ֮ﻹǲһ
ǸκεĹˣ
ԪʯصСĿռڿԲŨȼߵ
˿ĵطһ˿˿ѾϪ뺣һ㣬ɢӰˣ
ôˣ״ʦ
һ״ʦӣҲһ
״ʦ΢΢ҡͷ²ĲĻӦþһͨʯͷ
ܣܣţΪصĶոսȥʱԸоĴڣ
ʥǿߣԸһ˿Ϣ
ȻİҲôĴ󣬿Ǿʯͷ֣
ڰ״ʦ˵ͨʯͷҲŰ
״ʦǰɣⶫɲʲôͨʯͷǷǳõĲϣ
ںλ״ʦƤʱѾǳ˹
Ԫʯ
ôһԪʯǲҪĻɵˣ
һԪʯ˰׼ңҪõɾˣ
㣿ʶ
ЩɵĿףû뵽״ʦʶĶһﾹȻʶ
һԵİ״ʦƺҲһЦŵԭֹӣ֮ǰ϶Ҳмѵģ
϶׵Щ±ˣ״һ˿Цݵֹӣ֮ǰе֪ܲΪĳأ
ⶫں˵ôΪƼƷĲ֮һҲİߣǺٿϸĻȻΪٽˡ
׿źʱĺϳֳһĨԥ֮ɫ




2930˭ԩͷ
 

ƭӣ
ףЩɲ
״ʦҲʶˣ˵˲һƭӣ
ҪⶫĲϵĻǶԼûжô
ⶫأԼǱһƭˣ
ֻǺһ·˺ܶļʦûʶⶫ
һͻȻ˵ʶоһ֣
֮翴źԥ֣϶㻹û̫ôˣ
ҲÿʲôĶɣܾⶫ̫򵥣
ʥ֮ˣʵҲǷǳĿֲģ
ԭ쳣
׶ҲЩĿ࿴ˣ
׵˵ΪΪҹҫʯɽż֮бмأֻ֪˷ǳϡٶѣ
ߣ
ײں߶ѣ
ʲôҹҫʯԼûⶫ̸أ
ҹҫʯ
һԵλ״ʦͬʱüʵȻѹҲ֪
˿̵׾ǺСñһ㣬ȥЩ޺ӣ
׵ͷλȻûҹҫʯ
ĳǹªˣɽżĳҲ٣ɴδ˵ﰡ
״ʦЩƵʵ֮гʺš
һԵĺƺЩʧʵⶫʲôأ
ȻˣҲͲλˣⶫһ̶ɵĸʣʵ϶ڸ߼˵û̫ôڵͼʦ˵
٩٩̸һԵ񴺮ҲǱ׸סˡ
Ϊ˵ģΪͷβ׶ûбֳκεĻ֮ɫ
ԭˣⶫһûУȻôĺܰ
״ʦź룬һ̵ܽӣ
һԵĺЩͷɥ˵ӻΪʲôöԭǸп޵ļߣһȥĶѾǱ˸ˣûҪҲģ
ҰοĽ͵ʵ֪Ԫʯļֵأ
Цŵ٣ɷ£
ɫҪкãҪĻǾ˵ˣ
˿̷ȷ黹죬ǺŸղں¥飡
Ҫô׵ĴԼⶫŶûУ
ô˵˵㻰ˣ
ЩӵĿźҲǳֳһĨ֮ɫ
һʲô˵㻰Ҹղ˵㣬˵㻰𣿰״ʦ⣬ҲǸ֤ˣ˵ֻҲԣóǮ
״ʦЦŵȷˣٸղŵû˵۸񣬲ֹӼȻ֪Ӧⶫŵļֵɣ
յ˵ⰵҹҫʯҲǺ֮Ȼڸ߽߰󣬿ɶڵͽʦİǷǳĴģⶫֱĻٲһǧƷʯ
ʵڶһ֪һ϶ΪԼ
ⶫ˵˵ĻºԼЩţϾֵĸоģ
˵ɷ£ҲǴ˺ĺܶǣ
Ȼ֮лһ˿˿ǵģȤѾȫתƵϷŪˣ
һǧƷʯǼ൱һƷļ۸˰ⶫȻһЩʯͷȴֵܹһƷͨ˵һʺƣ
״ʦҲԵ˵Щ岻ںʯɺܶΪ˼ʮʯܹģ
ײ㲻ͬĽǶȲͬѣ
һǧƷʯˣǿɾͲ۸ˣ
ףҲֿһ˿Ц
Ҫ٣
׿źЩҧгݵ˵ⲻ֪Ѿֿ˻ˣ
һڣ
Ц˼ںһǧƷʯ
Ҫһ֪Ѷˣһ¸ղԼں¥ʹ࣡
رԸֵľ쾡£
һڣ
״ʦźоһǲǷˣ
ϸһ룬һλֹг޵ģҲЦˡ
㻹ĻҪ۰Цһ
ֻһΣҪҪҪҿɾˣ
ף˵ֻ֪ڿǿɵȱһأ
֣Ҫһڰ˾ǵԩͷ񴺮˵
ô˵ǲҪˣҲںʯȻ͸Ͻɣֶһ߸ϵӳ
˭˵ӽҵҲˣ
ǡôߺͱ̼ӱֵ쾡£
һԵ񴺮ױһ̼ˣ
׵仰ֱһ˶ڵ




2931Թ۵ĺ
 

׼У
״ʦڵⶫǰ֮˵˼ƺô
ȴʮļ۸ˣĪǴ˾Ǹɵӣ
ܣ
״ʦһ۾;ײʲôʡ͵ĵƣǺӰ϶Ƴˣôʲô֮أ
è壡
״ʦһת۾΢еĿһԵף
һȻϿŭ壬֮иûκεķŭ֮ɫ
һоǼ
ΪǾԲ͵ģο׼ҵҲ̫ùҺͺҵˣ
˳ԿҲǰ׼ҵּɵģ
ˣóʯⶫˣ
ףĴ̼һ¡
񴺮һԿȰο֣ɱһļŭ˰˵ʲôҲ׬ˡ
ӺɷһĭһڶȻ˵ҪˣǿҲ򣡡
׿񴺮ɫҲ
񴺮ʹһȥǱĥĥģ
϶ЦݣоҪɵǲǸɵӡ
һƷʯ
һǷޱˣһ˳ȥÿ϶ûаȥ
ȻⶫֵһǧƷʯ
ߣҪǿֵϣҡ
񴺮ŤŤͳԼʯӾǼԸġ
׼ڣ״ʦ񴺮еһƷʯת뵽˺£
ʱһЦ״ʦһʽ׵ļ֤ߣԺһҪˣĻǱٿɲϰ
״ʦ֮дһ˿Ϸʵģ׼һͯ۵ģȻǰ׼ɵĽףǰ׼жϵĵģ
л״ʦ
ĿһԵ񴺮ף
׿ź٣ô˵ĳˣ
⣬͸ٱٶռطлһƷʯˣû뵽ͷԩͷ
ЦķǳĿģһǧƷʯĶʮۣ
˵Լװ׵׬˾ǧƷʯǳֵˣ
ಣ
׵һӣǿ˶ļԪʯѾʧǰ
ԩͷǺǣҹҫʯȻвС;һСãҸող
׵Ĩһ˿ȰЦݣЦ˿ŸоЩǷᣡ
һ㶣׵ʲôСãνˣȻСãǿ϶ҲôΡ
ֹӣ֪ɷΪĳأ
״ʦף֮ҲǱȽϵϣɲɵȱһ
ղ˼ҹϷˣȻûпˣ
ǰ˾ǹˣģ״ʦԿ϶϶νİҹҫʯþԲֹڴˣ
״ʦǺܺѧ̾˵һһڸɡ
׹θڣһԵĺоһ˿Ĳ
ŭһСӣⰵҹҫʯ׻ʲôã
ٸղŲǲΪʲôֹأҪǺ֪ĻĳȻҲ˽أ
׿źҲ¶һ˿Цݣ

Ҫɵľһּȵ
ҲֻúۣʹһŻԼ֣
Ϊһܹ׷ɱԼҲɷѿˣ
л˵ƨţ
ɫ˼㣬˵
ðɣʵⰵҹҫʯŷǳ֮⣬ʵ߸ʱͿռķҲЩС
΢΢һЦһԵ񴺮Ǳߣ
ܿЦ֣⡭ⶫȻ˵ã׬ˣ
ֻҪʱͿռ䷨йصĶɽ綼Ҫˡ
һƷʯ
һƷʯ¶˻᲻ֶεĵõ
˿̣
֮ĺߣû뵽һﾹȻԼƤӵµԼõı
˶㾹ȻˣңϽѶٽĻٶȻ
׵ļˣһԵ֮Ҳǵɴ۾һ
ⲻŽɵȱһϷˣ
ǿ벻̰
ԩͷɲ˶ԵģٻûƷȻڰ׼гղŰ״ʦǼ֤߰Ѳ㺫ҾôĲҪɣ
׿źҲһĨȣ
˸ݣ챾ٵҪô߳׼ҵУ
׵ŭˣ
˿оʺһܣԴڣδ˵ʱ̸о裡
٣˰׼Уǵ飬׼ҰĳȻҪΪֹֹ֧ˡ״ʦ
úúãֵҵţٶȻܣ
ŭ뿪˰׼Уֻδߵ̫Զǹע׼еһһ




2932˭ǻȸ
 

׼ڣ
״ʦףҲЩǵ˵ֹӣ⺫ٿرˣ㻹ĲӦõ̼
ΣĳѾǰ׼ҵĵڶ峤Ѳɰ׼ҵ˻Ŀȥɣ
׵˵ǰ״ʦһȦĿף
ڶ峤⡭ĳƺδŰ
״ʦףųһOͣ
ˣԺ״ʦͻ֪ˣĳĳԻģ׵˵
ǡǺðɡ
״ʦһҲ׼֪׵ǲʲô׼ҵĵڶ峤
һ˵ɷµӣƺҲƭˣ
İɰ״ʦǸҲ֪ҵݣѾȥˣ˵϶ǹ˼ɰ׼ˡҶֵġ
Цŵƺǳƶ
ʵ֪⺫ôܻŹԼأ
Լ̵ôãһﶼܹܵĻҲǷһˡ
׿һԲһܵˣ
һηҰ׼ҵģֹҰ׼ҵĵڶ峤ĻҾԲҶ֣һֹӷġֹʵڲĵĻֹ̻ǰ׼ҡ
״ʦЩɣԼֱȥ׼ң뻹ܹ֪׵ǲǰ׼ҵĵڶ峤
һǵڶ峤ĻԺԼԴ˻ÿмѣ
һðǰ׼ҵ˵ĻǵʱԼҲ᲻ˡ
ҡҡͷ˰״ʦĳڱǰ׼ǳ峤һЩ飬ˣ
ֹ֡ӣɵСİ
״ʦףҲǵʱѾת¥˹ȥ
ʧһ˲䣡
״ʦҲǳһӰŰ״ʦ״ʦʲôԸ
˵ԼҰ׼ҵڶ峤мֿŶȣ״ʦǺӰʵ
״ʦ˵ȷЩ죬֮ǰϽ̸ú󣬰ϾȻֱӷˡҾôЩŹ֡
ǺӰŰ״ʦҲ̹
״ʦͷˣڻؼ̽һϢĻҲñ
أһȥп峤׷ɱ
ǺӰŰ״ʦʵƺ״ʦ
϶ڱɱˣֻ˵Ұ׼ҵڶ峤ʸûУҲûκοϧĵط
״ʦȻһЦóǳĴݣ
ӰͷȻʧһƬռ֮У˿̵Ѿǳ˳ȥȻʧһƬ
һֱè棬ԭߵЩѾȫ֧ˣ
˶ӣ
֮磬Ҳ֪ԼҪʲô
Ȼ˶֪ҪʲôɵʱҲһв
ԼնɱһĻǵʱԼҲ˵ˡ
֮ͨ·Ƽ¼ߣţ
ѾɱģΪһɳʱҪҲƲסˣ
˵һԼʲô֪Ϊջ嶼ûȥ
׻һʧڰ׼УҲĨһ˿ЦܣΣ
ܿ죬ҲǸȥһǰһ׷Ҹϣ
ѧԺĳ
һﳯ˼ĵط˹ȥҲǴϲ
ʵû뵽һﾹȻôϣ
ĻǴˣҲԲܵնɱġ
ϣ⺫ҳΪ׼ʥɽʸ֮ģ
׼ҵĵڶ峤
ԼϣǲӰ׼
ǲģȻرҲǵˮ©ģ
Ȼĳһ̣
ͣסԼĽŲһƬҲ֮Ǽ֪ʲô޵Ľ֮⣬һƽĺܣ
ٵҪ㵽ܶԶԼѡ֮صǲĵط
ףҲ¶һ˿Цݣ
ǧ˼һȫתΪɱ⣬ǰֵļһһ˶ѣ
ǣҾ͸㲻ףΪʲôʥɽҸоôأ֮أ˵Ĳȷѡ֮أֻĹǣ
ЦһΧѾǳһˣ
ֿݣ
׵ľͳ˺ĸǰһҲһ
ߣȻаֵֻ֣ʵҲ̫һЩɣм˵
ɵۺڣ
Ѱ֮˵еȷǷǳţˣ
ںУǲһѣ
ǲ׿һֿݵʵ
ʥϣǴˣлʥֿ
ͨ
ֿݹˣ֮бŵ˵˿̵ļ飡
ĺȻһȦĸİ
ʥϣ
һﵽ˭һɵۺڵ˾Ȼ¹򣬺üͷѾ
֮Ҳǳɻ֮ɫ




2933Űɱ
 

ѧԺĳɽ֮У
ֿݵһúоһĲ죬ߣȻҲὫȺ˵㿴У
оһЩЩĺЦ
ǣڳϷôΣֵģϽٿ㲻
Դ֪һ֮Щ˼ɣ
˵֮ǰǰҹҫʯ֮˳׵Ĳˡ
ô֮ԼײҵĶôװ׵ı˱ˣ

ԿǱɱܣ
֮ǰ̤Բƽϣһȥͳ׵Ļٵˡ
ٵһ棬ⶫǿǼֵǧĶôܸأ

ⶫҪûҲ֪˾Բ׵ĸԼģ
֣
ڿӦǱҪˣ
׵ĿһۺȻֿݵֿݣ޼ȻӦ㣬ǽһɱ㣬ǽ޾ɱ㱨𣡡
лʥ¡
ֿݳ׵İݷʱһֱΪ˶ѻδһԼܹ
ʥɽ
ǿĴڣôͷأ
ܹҵĻʵֿ˵Ѿһʮѵõˡ
ھȻϣĶˣ
ԣ
Ӧ׸ĶͣʲôɲĹأ
㵽˭
һ׵ĻҲüͷ
Լɱ˵ˣΪߣûеİ
һɱҲǼǵõģ
ǰ֮Լɱģô˵ԼҲиӡɣ
ˣһӡûˡ
ߣǵǰһ˽бۿһۣ㵱Ҫô¹ͷл˲ֱ֮նɱ飡
ֿ뵽飬˻ɪɪĸо
־УⱲӶõ
ǴӺϣĸܵһӵľ׵ľ
ǺףһĨǿѾɢˣ
ǣôӡֻƺǳӰɣǸͷ
˵һԼ޹ؽҪһ㣬Į˷ָ
׿һۺô˵ǳˣ
ΣôţⱲɱԼǲˣҪҲÿû£
ף¶һ˿ɭЦ⣡
׿źȻˣǾҪñɱ׼ˡٸһλᣬµǸ޿ѡɱ㣡
֪ȻҸ˵˴治Ļ㻹ΪǸʲôϽѸղŵİҹҫʯٿûôй㳶Ƥ
ףԵЩͷ
ǹ˼һ׼һĹϵĻøһϻôˣ
ݣ
һӰֱӳźķȥ
գ֮䣡
Ѿ˺ĸǰ
ɴ۾ǰĽӰʶ赲һ£ǿĳӲ֮Զ
ʵ
һԭ֮Ѿǳ׵סˣ
ôʱ䣬Ȼûп˵ʵʱҲǸоһ˿Ĳ
ӣ޴̼ôã׽˴ܹ˵߾أ٣ȻˣǾɣ
׵һĨȣе޷潣Ѿǳˣ
Ӱأ
һǿ籩Ľһγһ޴İΧȦ
ֱӽ˽ȥ
ž޴Ѿûκ˼ʱˡ
ʧ룬˲Ĺ
ܲ
׳ֱɱУûκεĳɣŵıսپ
ΪҪƲϵ̵ʱڽˣ
ʽڶʽ죡
һŭ޷潣һ֮ѾǸ߸ߵľٹԼ͸
ովһĺûзӦ͸ܵһɴ̹ǵϢ
£
һ£ΪһеʲôʽѾоʮֵĿֲˣ
һһƬ֮Уռֲָ
һ̣
޷潣Ĺâ𣬶Ǻ֮ƺѿһ϶
ôҲû뵽׵һζ˺ʽĵڶʽȻϡ
֪ǲأأ
⡭⵽ʲôʽôֲ
һҪĸоΪоԼûκεȥӭֲһ
ԼӵƺǱһϢˣ
֮ڣ
ΪԼܵĿ
ֻ˵˲õˣҪһµĻʳսͽˣ

ƺֳ룬ѿһѷҲǱԽԽ
ֻѷ֮УĽӰֱ£۵һ𣡣
һǻһ㣬úΣ˲ϱ㲼Ľף
ֲ˹
Űɱ
һ׿˵һ֮ԺγŰɱ֮ƣ
һ籩һƺع·ʲô鶼ûзһ㡭




2934½⿪Ľֿ
 

ʽ죡
һʾֲȻһ
ȿֲĳҲһĪ𺳣
׵ʵ˾ҪʹһҲǼΪѣ
ˣ
״˿̸оԼһգҲǸоһ
ʱûκ˰£ǵκ˶Խնɱ
ɶĺأ
ʱӾ൱ˣһʥ֮˿Գܵģ
Ǳһ㣬ǽۣ
ӿȥҪҾжôң
һϢ
ĺֻܹһϢݣ˵ֻѵĻôѾô޽ˣ
ȿȣ
޷潣֧Լ壬ɾ޴ҲһʱԻָ
֪ԼڱҪǿеĻָ
ΪڴľһʱԲڳ֤ݵģ
ֿݡ
׼ѵһֿҲһ
ڸղһͬʱ񴺮ֿҲĿһĿף
֮еǹʵԸӣ
һ
ȿֲ񴺮ֿݶڵ
׽кֿݵһֿ̣ԼδķӦ
ʥϡ
ֿݸϽǰףȥҲβѣ
ΪԼĻʥôأ
׳ֵ㱨ˣϣһιĽܹ׵Ĵ򿪡
лʥϣֿԺ󶨵Ϲᡭ
ֿ׵ĸǰŴδйĶģȴڰ֡
ֿݵ²˳٣ʲôԺ˵ɣ
ɡǡ
ֿݿ׵ӣҲЩ֮еһ˿ȴ˿
񴺮ֿݵִ磬ǸϽĻˣͽ
ֿԼеķɽݺݵĵͷȻźĸǰ˹
˿̵ĺңһ˿Ѫɫ
ֿݻĳԼܵĲһ
ֱڲĸܵһΣڳˣ
㲻ΪʲôôĶȴû˹أ

һɾ֮ϲϵţĵûУ
ֿಽĳԼ֮ǰ֮ɫ
ҷ㣿
ֿݿźӣҲŭһʵ
󡭡Ƿҡ
þеԼĿм˼֡
㣿ҵʱôţѭȻǱӦˬû뵽λʥɽĳǿߣҲн죿
ֿݾԼеķɽδκεԥ
ݣ
һ̳
ĵйƤһ㣬ֱӿʼɱ
ܿ죬һѹ庫һһ㣡

ֿƺһϵķйδоԼ˵Ҫնɱһˣ
ǰһԼˣ
Ľ⿪һ̵ֿݸоԼȻʣоԼⱲӵźȫʵˣ
ϲִ磡񴺮źˣҲǺٺһЦ
һжʥϵĶͣ
ֿʵЩ̫˼ģԴӸףԭΪԼҪΪѵĴ֡
أԼҲûмΣÿһεĳֶȽϵɣ
Ϊ׾ԼԸ˵ˣδԼգ
ΪԼϣʥϼþе
ⲻȥ
ֿݿף֮г˸м֮飡
׿ֿݲ˼ӣƺҲǻָһЩֿݣԺĻ֮ͲôĿˡǽ΢ʰһ£ָԭɡ
ʬѾǱֿݸ׵𣬼Ҳκεķ֣
ʥϣȥʲôط񴺮ʵ
һʱӦҲֻ֪ҪȵǺҵ֪أҪľƲ뺫֮Ĺϵ
׿񴺮ֿݵʱֱӽˡ
֮ǰʧ񴺮ԼĸǰʧģȻ˿Ǹûпɱ˺
ţڿҪвڳ֤ˣʥϣҿһȻѧԺ˵Ҫȥ׼𣿡񴺮Цŵ
׵˵ʥɽǳһʱҲ˻ɵǵģȥ׼ҾõѡĿֻһǱƭ׼еİ״ʦ
Ƿͷжɣ񴺮ͷ
˵ôʱ䣬ҲӦó˰ɣ
񴺮˵Ҫ뿪ʱ׵һֱ񴺮ֿһü
ǾȻûзֻΧۣ˭
׳ĳ򿴹ȥʱֿݺ񴺮һʱҲٴһ㡭




2935Ŀɿڴˮ
 

˭
ֿ׵ĸǰΪڵʥʮֵ
ֻ֪˲Լ֣ǵʵ²Լ֮°
һԵ񴺮Ҳǽ⣬ϾǵĹֻһǱף
ֿݡ񴺮ǲýţˣ
ҲǵһЦԶδκεɱ
סˮ
ʵ׽׼еһ̣ˮͻױѾ
Ӧˮûײ£ɻӦҲԼĹ۵㣡
ˮԼӦþҪԼʵΣ
ˮӦҲΪ𾪰ɣ
ʵϣ
ǻãΪôʱ䣬֪׵ʵǳ׺
Ȼ⺳ʽڶʽҲûۼ߳һĨ֮ɫôҲ֮ȥģ
ˮһֱʥϣأ
ղһоԼЩӲסˣ
ȻϲˮȴһĪĸо
ΪⱲõһˣ͹ϵ㲻ϣӦó֮Ϊֵܣ
ο׵ĻԼڲɽ绹֪أ
һ˷Լ˿ľ˺ܶˡ
ʥɽˣǵõԼԦƵĻǽԼһȦ
ʥϣʵ־˰
߳ʱҲǹһֵ
һԵˮΣ֮ǰַ·ЩЦһ㣡
ʵ
ǰȥļһʵˣ
ֲ֮ǰ˵ԼҲһܹùһ֮ǰֻǵһЦڿ
ƺԼĲһܹȵʤһ
͸ղǿֲһɵĶûУ
ѾˣʵлЩ⣬һȻʹˣɱϾĽ
һʵûķӳ
Լڿһ棬ƿصʵرĺá
ϾǵһΣҲڲϵܽš
˰ɣ
׵ĿˮҲǺٺһЦ
òϣ۾ʵҹĿ࿴ʵԭҪûعȺģֻһȻʵǿȴûͨҲһ岻òʥɽһԭ򡭡
ˮŻףҲ΢΢һ̾
ʵȻޱȣɾǳţʵˮ˵Ҳûκεã
οǿߣԽǿʢԽûл
ˮƹˣ׸ޣӦкܴϣģ
׿ˮһŵ˵
ʲôϣ۾ȻңɳΪǿߺͳűʵģŶ۾Ϊǿߵģǳ񡭡
ˮǲף֮ǰǾû˵̫ˡ
ʵλ۾Ƿǳ
֮ôܹ˵أ
οɽҲһλĸַˣ
Ǻӣ
ˮʱǿŰǺӷģĽ֮ʥɽܶǿ߶аɣ

ÿһ˵룬ЩѾﵽʥεˡ
˵һֻѾ̤˳֮·
ǵһֻȴôҲ̤ȥǸоĵط
ǰȴңɼ
ޣһԾŶ˵䲻ǫĻҪˮƹҲǿԵģ
ײſҲΪ׵Ĺϵô˵ġ
һˣףҲûĻԵ
ˮ֪ΪףĻԵҲ֮ˡ
۾ĺܡˮҲЦһӿͦġ
׿һԵˮô˵أ֮ǰտʼʥϵʱ񣬿Ϊڴţ
磬Ҷţšοô֪ǳ񣿶Լûг񰡣
Ŀɿڴ
ŻĻˮҲһ±ƣ
ֻķ޵Լûгƾʲôñ˳أ
ìܵĻôⲻˡ
׿ˮ㲻ŲҲţʥϼȻ˵ˣȻʥϵİ취
ħˡ
ˮҲЩˣŻ׸оһǲǱλ۾ϴ˰
ֹȻţ
ҪΪ׶׵𾴵ĻˮԼһƺȥˣ
ţҲôİɣ
ǿɶվɽ綥˵ôܹ׵Ĺأ
ϲʵ˵Ȼˮƹţ಻ǿ󣡡
ϲԵԼҲûȥɣ
Щвޣ
̫ˣҵĻ㶼ԭҲ˵ģڿҾ͸㣬֮ǰи˷֪ɣǾʥϵֶΣ
ʵЩŭɶĶˮҲԼŮ˴Ļᡣ
ôһŭˣһҲϣˮܹư




2936³׷
 

𺳣
ˮ׵Ļ𺳵Ըӣ
ǺӷǶ۾ֶΣ
ˮоһĿֲͲ˼飡
ôأ
ڵʵôõأǿǳ񰡣
ˮŻףָԴһ˿ʵ磬⡭ôܿЦأ
һԵ񴺮Ҳ𾪵Ŀ׵ʥϣǡֶΣ
ֿһЦŵ񴺮ȷʥϵֶΣʵҺͻ׶ǿеģǳȷޱȣ
ǰʱհ׵ͷѾǿҪʧˣʥϵֶͨôܳأ
ҲЦŵҲΪʲô׶˾޴ĵһԭ
οɽûܹʥܼӵţˣ
İʥӵų޷ֶΡ
հ׵ͷҲ˵ĺܣͨǿȼҲʥˣⱲֵˣ
ֿҲ΢΢һЦܹ׵ȷǷǳˣ
һԵˮѾЩľ˵⵽ô°ôܻأϵʵǿǡ
ˮ벻ͨʵ벻ֿͨݺͻҲδضܹͨ
˵ֻҪ׾Ϳˡ
ˮ˽ףȻں֮ܶԱˣ
׵˵Щ鲻λ̫࣬ޣ޶ȻҲṼǣǲţҲǿ󣡡
۾ֶͨʵգ֮ǰеﻹ۾һˮף֪˭пƭԼΨײܣ
οһٶƳ籸˵˼Ҷ۾б󼰵ֶΣ

ʵˮ̬Ⱦһ־񣬶óʵżˡ
һǸ˼һһֱԶսʥҪһͳɽ磬ҿҲʱѡ˰
׿ˮѾǿˣҲǸϽȴ
ˮüҸûκεģȻһĸ峤Ӧ֪һܹ񣬿ıǲԸȺ£Ժοǣ
û˵岻ҲͶʥˣһȻҲţɸĴȣʵҲռưɣ˼ܹʶʱΪܣΪʲôأ
ҲͶˣ
ˮʵ֮ǰѾ˵˵嶼λ۾ˡ
ʵЩ˼飡
壬ǵǶôӴһƬôܾһСӵأ
οղӦƴȫˣʵȻһ֮зǳǿ
Ǳ˵ˣκһĴ֮һʵҪǿɣ
Щһ۸ڶô׵ĸ׳Ƴأ
ˮǲţ֮ǰŰǺӵķΪ׵Եһ
һû֮ǰֹΪʼֵļһһֱǷǳĵ
˵ĵҪôװģҪôţ
黹ǻ׸˵ģˮ֮ǰţȴЩˡ
壬ҲˣǸ꣬һӦñ˭ɣ
׿ˮϣһֱܹΪ׵ս
һԺ˳ĸ˲
һ׿սʱΪһôأѲҪ׹ȥɣ
׿ɲôɣ˵Ȱο
ˮ׷˵û뵽۾ȻֶͨΣ֮ǰǶڶ۾鱨̫̫֪ϵĴ˰
ˮԭΪССĵ۾Ҳˣ
оһսֲ̫ˣ
ʵȻЦɽ磬ֶοκǿҲɣ
΢΢һЦһޣ޶ȻṼȶ޵ΡѡȨǣ޲ǿ󣬱Ͼ޵ֵܣ
ʥϡ
׵֮һĨĸж֮ɫ
һԵֿݿˮˮǰʥһԲʧġ
ڶ۾ǳ׵ķˣһ峤ҲҪȻֵ۸ȥһܲΣʱֵۿԸ峤ˡ
ˮʵҲҪȻĻʵҲʹӦˡ
翴ϵˣӦôˡ
ڼ˵Ļô˵ȷǻһЩҪ˴޵ϣ
׿ʥȥ͡
֪׶һȤûĴ
ټʥӵ壬һССһں
ڸôŤŤģһʥˣǵʱһʧǱǻԵ
ˮȻЩʶԣδʶ
Ͼ˽׵һʲôӰ
Ҳգܹոһ壬ٶвСİģ߰ɡ
ԭĲ붯˼ջǿ˻׵ϡ
״ϲһ˵Ҳǳһܲٶȥ




2937峤
 

¥
ˮҡУܶ˶ָָġ
Ϊˮһ飬ʵܶ˶֪ġ
˻һ𣬱Ȼܶ˵Ĳɡ
Ҳǹڰ׼ǱһȦĿľΪ˲ð׼κεĻɣ
նɱСʱĹ
ǿߣϢ֮Ҫնɱǲ顣
԰׼еİ״ʦҲûκεĻɣ
ټǰ׼ҵĵڶ峤Ļô׼ʲôɽƵ˼ȥأ
һ¥ʱҲǸоһĹŹ֣
ΪһܲӦòط
ֹǲΪʲôִط
ˮףҲ¶һ˿Цݵ
ȷЩ֣
׿ˮҲǺܻ˵
ˮȻһЦʵһܲں¥ֻܶ˲֪ѣ
ں¥Ѳ¥ڻʲôжĵطɣ
üˮʶҲǲϵ̽ţ
£
ԭֻ̽飬Ȼ뵽һ⣡
ȻûеĻȻ·ˡ
Ȼ
׵ʶ̽鵽¥ĵص֮Ҳ¶һ˿Цݡ
һ嵱ǹ񹤣Ȼ²һϢ
׵ʶʵǿûб߼ʵĻҲѷĴ
ֹ֪ˡ
ˮǱŹӣȴѾ֪һУ
Ҳ˵Լ˵ʱҲ˴ԼĲ
ⲽǰУܿʧ˺¥
¥ص
ˮ뵽һǽڵĵطʱҲ˳ȥ
һ۵İ׹˲佫ɣ
ܿ죬ǵĸǰһƬռ䣡
һֶιȻСﰡҲ̾˵ܲһԼƭȥˣ
ˮЦŵֵĪҪЦҵȣ峤˾´ֹأ
Ŷ
׵Щ죬һҲԼϢֶˡ
һ´ڣ
λǱߣȥޱȣ
Ϊ֮һü֮һĨȻ֮ɫĲͬ
㣡
һ峤ҲһǿĴڣ
ʥڵʵ̾Ϊֹ
һĸ߲ɣʵϾнľˮλĳǿɣ
Ϊһ峤ʣµıһĸ峤
һȺҲǧ˶ѣ˵֮嶼Щϡȱ
ȻǧˣһսҲʵ쳣׺
ԣʥɽҲԼ֮أ
Ҫʥɽ೬ǿ߿⣬Ǽûκεϣġ
ˮ峤Ӧ֪ȺĹذɣԴ˽ܲǲϹصģ
̧ͷ˿׵Ҳǳ
ף
㻰δ䣬ƺһԵĻףҲǾֱվˡ
ϴ󣬺þò
׿Ž㣬Ҳǹһ֣˵˶һʱ
Ӧö֮ͬĹϵǳĲ
ֻ׺ץΪ˱˵ޣʵķǳԶѡ
ף㣿һֱ˼ĺ룬һﵽʲôطȥ˰
һԵļ˶ǳŻ׵ķ˹ȥӵһ
˵ĺ󱳣һһк
һѾԺ˵ɣһλֵ֮⣬ʵһЩ飡
׿Ž㣬Ҳ¶һ˿Ц⡣
֪Ըһһˣټʵ쳣ǿӦҲ뱻ˡ
ͺãͺãԺֵֿһսɳˣ
ƺǳĿģ׵Ļعȷû뵽ġ
һԵˮҲЩݣ
Ͼһ˹ձһģô˼أ
ϴô쵽˰½Ѳɾûһ֮𣿡
׿Ž㣬ҲЩüʵ
˵ģ˵Ժġλǡ
Ҳûˮ˽һܲˡ
Ӧǻ׵֮ģ
׿һ۽㣬΢΢һЦףԶ۳
ף۳ǸðСһ
㿴ףҲ΢΢Щü
Ͼһ壬壡
ǽ峤˵Ǹ˽ףǶ۳ĵ۾Ļôޣ׵˵
㱾ܵüֵ֪۴Ϊ£
ϣһһƽʥɽһͳɽ磡
³仰ֻ仰ʯƾһ㣬ֱڵ




2938ʢ
 

𾪣
㱻׵һ仰߻أ
һͳɽ磿ƽʥɽ
𣿻һǸͷβķӣ
˵ģһѶȶѱȵ찡
ֵĪڸ忪Цɣ
㿴ף֮˲Цһﻹʲô˵
˵ţ»
һǲ»ֱ첻µز£
峤޵Ц𣿡׵ʵü֮İýҲǲòһ
Ȼ˵˵ĿɽҲΪɣ
˻Ǻʢ΢΢ҡͷһǸӡ
ԭΪ׾ǴһѶѣȻǻ׵ѣҲһѲ
û뵽ľȻһӣ
׿Ž㣬ҲǸϽϴʥϴ˷ǰģҾһһֱʥɽңһ
ǰ峤ˣҲû˵е
ˮŽ㣬ҲǸϽǻһʧصʱɾͲðˡ
㿴˵ӣҲŭЦˮףȻ첲գһӴ֮£ǰʲôİ
峤ˣֵӵֶͨΣһֵ۵ʱٹ⣬˵ģֵ۵У嶼Ѿ׵ĳˡ
ˮҲ֪ϴôʵҲġ
Ϊ֪׵жôǿ
֮ǰʵ뷨һģĿס
أǹԹԵĴձһ塣
ʶʱΪܣ
ˮʵҲһʶʱˣ֪һҪٳ߸ͷһǱҪı䣡
Ȼ嶼Ըı䣬ôǻʲôܹıأ
ˮˮ㻹Ǹ첲ŤʥڵǿߣȻСӸԻǣǶ̫ʧˣ
Ҳɫѿ˼㣡
屻ձˣĲǿЦʲô
˸֮߰һ廹Ҫǿᣡ
ǻһʵ֮£
ʥɽ׼ңǶûƾǰ֮˾У
׿Ž̵ϴ󣬴¾ģһ׿ͷ
ͷװף֮ǰʱ廹㽫ǿˣǾôԴһ𣿾Ȼձһ壬Ǻôĵӡͬ㣬塭
㾪ŭĿŻףоѾǱ׵Իˡ
ϴֵܸô꣬ƭ𣿸ֵۣԺ񶼲Ⱑ
ҲǼˣҲ֪ôȥ͡
ΪеĽڱ˵пһЦûţ
Цһ񣿾ƾߣˮף֮꣬ڸѡҪôɱ˴ˣҪôͬһӴԺһϾһеĹϵ
ϴʲô˼
ҲЩŭˣһôβأ
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ǣ峤ôĿ
׿ŽӣҲǻĴӻ׵˳
ֵǲˣΪڶ½裬ʥɽ𣿱һλᣬ̹򡭡
㿴ףҲֿһ˿Ц
ô޼Ȼһ壬Ȼֶأ
׿Ž㣬Ҳһ˿ŵЦݡ
ôѲ㻹ҪһҰɣһָͷܹ㣬Ųţ
㲢ĸ׷ʲôͻϾһĵϸҲر˽⡣
οʥɽĹϵ֮Ǵ۸ӡ
һﱳмΪ֧ŵĻʱһҲЩΣ
ֻʵͱ˵Ļǿɾ͹ֲԼˣ
Ȼ峤˵ţԿһָͷǲǿޣ
ҲǱȽˣĶ֣Ҳ飡
֪Ҫձһ壬Բǿ˵ġ
׵ӣ֮Ҳ¶һ˿ɱǲײǽͷˣ㡭
飡
һ̤ռһ󶯵
ʥڵǿߣԲģ
ϴ󡭡һԻҪȰ׵˵ɡ
֪
ôǿ˼㣬ȭδѾǳ׵ķɱȥ
䣡
ڽȭͷҪ׵һ˲䣬һǿֱһ
˿̣˿Ӱ֮һ°Ͷ쾪ˡ




2939ʳ֣շ
 

¡
´ƺҪһ㣡
񱩵Ҫռ䣬һ֮˶ǸֵĻһܲ´˲䶼ܹˣ
ֻһ˿峤֮ˣһĿɿڴ
ӣ
ʣôҲû뵽ȻΪһ峤֣
ͻȻֵӣҲǳ׵±ˣ
ŵĿɻʵʣ㡭ô⣿
⣬ΪξͲ⣿
ӿŽ㣬ʵ֮㻹Ҫ߳һģĸ߰ʵǶһ̬Ҳô¡
һڼΪΪǿĴڣʵҲ֪Ĵȣʵǻǲôһ˿˿ģ
⡭
㱻ӵһ仰һӲ֪˵ɶˣ
ڲͷˣ
׿Ž㵭˵ڽ峤Ϊһָͷܹ𣿡
࣡
㱻˵Щ̧ͷˣ
ôҲû뵽˹°֮˾Ȼ˱˵Ĵ֡
棬ʵ̫ˣ
Ŀ׵Сˣѵձ岻ɣΪʲôһϢûУ
ձ̸ࣿϣ޾˵ȽϵĺһЩ
׿Ž㣬Ҳ΢΢
һԵĻ׿Žϴ֮ǰ͸˵ˣʥշ壬ڴ˲Ǹܺõ𣿡
ɡôأ
ˣ׵ôģ
ôǿߣƾһ֮Ҫշ壿
ʵߵҲϲ·ߣշĽһ壬ֻӦǿˡ
屻ձ࣬Ǽշ˴ˡ
ڻȸһİͰ׻һİģԱϿշ塣
ʵ˵ףշҲһ壡
͹ˣ
ӿŽ㲻м˵ôģֵţʻȰúõ˼һ£ΪһôҪԼ£ֵ۶С
ǰһʥǰʥϻǿҵϡϴʥԺĳĺģԲⰡ
һ˵Ļһ˵ʱ򣬽ȴѾˣ
Ӷˣ˵ɶ
ȻлӵĳѾû˻ˡ
һﵽʲô
Ȼȿ֮˶Сӵ£
ĪСʲôֶͨβɣ
ֵۼȻܹ֮Ȼų󼰵ֶΣ
㻰һת׵ĶԻҲǱÿ˺ܶ࣡
׵˵峤Ȼô˵Ҳһһŵȼ˷޵ϡ
һʡ㿴Ҳǳ
¹һδҲǲòСĽ
һԵʿŽЦʵ۹ⲻȻֵ˵ˣǱһԾŶ
ʾôţ㿴ӣоһﶼЩˡ
ƾʲôŴأ
óĴ£ôĳһܹҵأ
Ȼô˵ǽ㻹ǲ̫š
˵ţʵǺӷ磬ֵ۵ĽѲɻ˵ɽ꣬˷ֵۣҲһ˷ɣ
ʲʲôǺӷֵۡ
Щڳݲˣоʲôֲһ㡣
һԵˮ˵峤ˣˣȻֵܴǰձһ壬ҵУΪͬһ磬ӵг֮尡
峤޲һҪձһ壬޴˷ǰʵǿֵܻ׵ϣССһĻСǽ峤Ը⣬޾ǿ󣡡
׵һýЩˣ
ԭԥһƺ˲ĭԸһ˳ֵֵۣ۵ǲ
ľܣ
Ȼ֪ѡ񵽵ǲǶԵģ
˶ôˣʲôҶĵأ
ײδ̫ľϲ֮ɫʵɽ֮û˭ɵӣ
ṩһǳͨ˹˳Լôأ
ײһ׳Լʵ˼ʵѾɽˡ
磡
ĵط
һձ࣬δ̫Ĵۣ
״˿̵˼Ƿ˰׼ңǳԼ׼ңҲϣԼûлԼŮˣ
Ϫ
׵뵽ҲЩѪӿ
뿪һֱ֮ӳŰ׼ҵķ򼲳۶ȥ




2940ΪѵС
 

ʥɽ׼ң
׼ҵܲʥɽλõһƬʮֵĳ棬ǿ̤ȣ
Щǳδ뿪׼ңΪԼ⼸ţ
ο׼һϵеıʣðǳҲҪ¶԰׼ҵ½һЩ䶯Եİţ
׽׼ҵʱܵĴҲǹģ
꿋S˵׵֮ҲǸ
Щ죬ʵҲһֱڴǰ׼ҡ
ֻ꿋SЩ˵ǣ׵ıƺԼĸһߡ
һǰ׼ҵ峤һǰ׼ҵĵڶ峤
ôоŤĺܣ
ף˰
꿋SͨҲûֱӾͳ˳
׿Ű꿋SҲ΢΢һЦ峤룬ĳҲʰɣ
״˲㣬Ͳ˰ǺôҲѰɣͲѣ
꿋SԼС죬ȥЩ
ֻԼƺҲûʶ֮ƺһ˵Ĺϵˡ
ЦŵǵǣԺڰ׼һÿСİ
ףʵû뵽츳Ȼֲزʥɽء
꿋SףҲһЦ·۵˲׶Լһ㡣
εֵ̯̯˵Ҳܲˣ۾ȥɡŶˣ峤ںδ
״ںԺЩ飬Ҫһأ
꿋SףҲ΢΢һЦֻ֮Щѡ
ȥɡ
׵ʶѾǸ׼ңѰҵǳĵطȻܵԼİ˰ϪϢ
ͣ
׿ԼԼɽ粻ãʹ̽˰ϪϢ
һֱڣĸܵ˰ϪĴڣ
Ϫʵƺһֱѹƣ֮һʱ׼ʥɽ¶Ҫˣ
У
꿋SʶľܾʵϪʥɽʲôܡ
ֻܶ˰ڰ׼ҵʵǸûκε뷨
׼ҶڰϪӳ̶ȣǾǶеĶ
ǰ꿋SƺһЩΣһ㣡
ΪϪ֮壬һλŮֱ߰ϢһҪ
ǰ꿋SŮˣһĿοأ
ټϪȻ֪˲٣ȴû֮˼
ԼĸҲֹð꿋Sʶľͻؾף
üŰ꿋SС㣬Ӧ֪ڵݰɣ
֡ףڰ׼˵ģûйϵҸ㷴ѣɱǵڶ峤ѹҰ
꿋SЩһĿףŮĹҲǸоһܲˡ
Ű꿋S㣬ҲһС㣬ǰ׼Ҷһƺ峤ҵĳŵ̫ϰɣ
е⣬ֻҪǺԺǱߣĵط㶼ȥǵĵҩɱ㶼ȥѡһЩΪõĶ
꿋S˿Ҫɢ׵עȻ֪һǳޣ
Сƺ̫˽ңûбģǱȽϵᣡԽǲȥһƫƫҪȥ
׿Ű꿋S׼ҵʵ֪ĺΪʲô
ҲֻԼɣ
꿋SƲƲףôôǿأԺĽأ峤ˣҪȥҪ峤˵ɣ
Ϊʲôǰ׼ҵĵڶ峤峤ĴڣʲôطҲȥǰǳ峤˵ʲôطȥڶ峤ǰ裿ǰ׼ϷŪң
׿Ű꿋SҲԴǵʵ
һʣֱð꿋SЩ
ȷ
׿νǰ׼ҵĵڶ峤ʲôطҪԼ״˵ɵĻǸʲôأ
꿋Sԥһף㲻֪ԺһΪΣյĵطҿǻǲȥɣ
Σգ֮ǾΣգǻʲôٺΣգѲΪΣվͲɽ𣿡
׵Щʵļǰ꿋SԼȥԺ
оԼԼİ˸һˣּʵƣ
ҡ˵㣬ΪȻҪ֪ԺҡҿԸ㣡
꿋Sƺ׵ĸǰûκεĵֿ
ƽʱ˵ĻȻ˵Ļһ׳һ㣡
ãҵҪ浽ʲôЩֶ˵ľµģ
׵ĿŰ꿋SʵҪ֪ľǰϪΪȷеϢ
꿋Sȥƺƽ֮Ҫ֪ĶһЩأ




2941°꿋Sľ
 

꿋Sˣ
ܵҪһף
ָоԼһ֣ǲԼʲôĳͻ
ԺҲҪ֪Щġ
Ѳɺܶ˶֪飬
ȴô룬ʵ֪Ϫˡ
ԲܹĿ˵Ļڱ˿ǴĿˡ

ѡһڵ㣬ܹȳϪȻò
ǾȲôҲ취
һʥɽԭˮģҲûκεѹ
ܰϪȳǲȳ԰׼Ҷ԰Ϫӳ̶ȣǾԲΪ׾ȻǲȾôģ
ڼϳԼߵ֮⣬û֪ϪԼİˡ
ڰ׼
Ű꿋SӣҲŮûʲôĸо
Ű꿋S׼ҵĽصʲô
꿋Sԥһ鼴ǰ׼ңҲἰΪҸ״˵һɣ
Ӧһܴˣ׵ʵ
꿋Sҧҧ֪֪֪֮Ĵڣ
֮壿Ȼ֪ɽΪһʣһǽԵġѲǰ׼ҾȻ֮Ĵڣ
׿Ű꿋SҲüʵ
һұǺܲģð꿋SûκεĻɣ
꿋S˵һǧ֮ǰ½Ϸ۳ĳɽ֮Уһλ֮ŮӣʵȻǺǿһƬɽȴҰ
Ҳ˵ˣ˵ŮӲǱɱ𣿡
׿Ű꿋Sһãʵ
꿋SҡҡͷɱˣʵԭҪôģΪ֮ĳ֣½ĸֶҪɱ
ʲô׼ʵ
۳۾³콫ͨҵĸףٺҸ׾Ů˰׼ҡ
꿋Sף˵Ķʵ
ʵ׶ĽҲָƣŰ꿋SĻҲ֪ǰŮδƭԼ
Ȼأʵ֮ʣǰ׼ҾͲԼ𣿡
Ȼ£
꿋Sƶ˵
ЩƵʵȻ֪֮һ꼰ǰ׼ңᲨʥɽΪʲôҪץˣ
֮ڶٵʱһĵãʥɽӦ֪ɣ
꿋S̾һʵҲǽŽɡ
׵ͷǸŮΣ
ϪǱȽϵȶ׼һҲܹ˵һЩʵͦͬϪģ˵һˣⱲԸҪټһԼİˣ
꿋SһԵˣҲܸϪѣ
׼ʵҲϪЩ֮˰Ϫڡ
ϤһεĿ˰꿋Sû뵽꿋SȻϪϤ
꿋SҲûʵһʼϪų˵ģֻǺ״ȰȰҲȥˣһȥǵǳΪѡ
ðɣͲͬôûҪ𣿡
׿Ű꿋SҲüʵ
꿋Sһ㶣漴ȻʧЦҵأʵҾĺܿԭ֮ʹ֮УҲԼİ֮ˣֻǡ
ֻ㸸׵ϣͷ𣿡׿Ű꿋Sʵ
꿋Sͷ˵ʵ״ڰ׼һԾŶ˭Ҳġ취Ϫ۵ĻӦöġףôϪôȤ
֮壬ҵȻȤС㣬һ飡
׿Ű꿋SҲɫȻ˵
㡭㲻Ҵȥɣ꿋Sʵ
΢΢һЦôˣ𣿡
⡭еѶȣӦҲԣҡֻһԡ
꿋Sû̫ţʵϻʲôͲˡ
Ϫʵ̫⣬Ҳġ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôһҪȥƺҲܲôˡ
лл
һллǷԷθģҪľǸ߰ϪԼˣ
ҪðϪ֪Լţ뾡һа취
ɣҸ״ںԺȥ̸ˣʱ˵Щôģʱ޵ĺܣ㡭ץʱ䡭
꿋Sҧҧƺ¶˺ܴľģ
ʵϣ꿋Sôǳ˺ܴѹġ
Ϊ֪Լĸ֪Ժ󣬶ȻģΪײǰ׼ҵĵϵȻǰ׼ҵĵڶ峤
νĵڶ峤ҲϵģֻΪ
׳Ű꿋Sͷʧ˰׼ҵǰԺ֮С




2942Ҫ
 

׼ҺԺ
׵ʶһɨ㷢ʮλʥǿ߲ڰ׼ҺԺĸ䣡
ԵĽأ
Ҫ֪ݣӲĻǷǳѣ
ǰ׼ҵ̤ܲȾǳĽ
һκεķ紵ݶǳ˾ܹϻ
˵׼ҵһ˵޿ޣ
ܹ˶ݵʱڻʵҲвĳɷ֡
վס
ڰ꿋S׸ո̤Ժһ̣һλѾǳ˰꿋Sĸǰ
ȥ̬ȲӣǴһ˿Ц⣡
Ȼʶ꿋Sģ
˵ˣڰ׼Щ֮ĸʶλСأ
壬һ㡭
꿋SӿȥЩţһԼ壬Ҳ
ƣ
׼Ҹ峤֮һʥڵǿߣ
һӦþԺǿˣ
ʵ׵Ĳ²һ㶼ûд˱ǰǳص֮ˣ
˰ĳǿټôĶǿߣǳڰϪİȫʮֵķģ
οһѹҲĵط
һǺǣ㵨ʲôʱôС˰˭
ƿŰ꿋SҲЩ簮Цʵ
꿋SЦŵ㶥ͷ˾
Ƥʲôͷ˾Ϊ꿋SЦɰ꿋SʵδЦ
ףǰ׼ҵĵڶ峤ǰյ˵λʵϾҪȰҪ߳һεģ
Ҳ˵׳˰ǳ֮⣬Բκˣ
Ҳǰǳ֮ǰΪ£׸ĳŵ
İƭλףӦ֪ɣڿǰ׼ҵĵڶ峤
꿋SŰҲЦ
ƿһԵףҲ¶һ˿ЦݵԭǸţ꿋SҽܣҿŶƽĺܣȻŶǷǳĵ͵İ
׸峤ˣ
΢΢֣ѱӣҲǷŵݣ
ǹ峤˵İɣƿŰ꿋SҲЦʵ
꿋SͷǰղҲԺƢȽϵšͣûа취ҾʹˣϪõҲ˳˵һ£Ұɣ
ն࣡
꿋Sһõ࣬Ҳǵһˡ
΢΢һ̾Ѿͷô˵أ峤ȻԼˣʵ֪Ҳν飬ǽ㲻ԺȻҲǻ˸ġ
ǰ壬أ꿋SЦ
СͻȻôǲʲôҪ尡˵ɣҴ˰
ƺҲǷǳϰ߰꿋S·
һ꿋SӣĵһӦˣ⵹һԵİ꿋SЩ
꿋Sɫ΢壬꿋S룬ҹûʲô飬ֻǡ
ֻǣǺǣû𣿡
ƿŰ꿋SӣҲǵ٩ʵ
ѽҲ˵ˡʵҸʶˣҹϵǳĲһҸ״ںأҡȥһϪá
꿋SŰƣҲЩ˵
УϪҰ׼ص㱣Ķ󣬾Բκ˽ӽƳ
׸峤˼һһˣ׼ҲʵҪҼ밡
ʱ̾һ
Ȼ˼峤ĪᣬĪᰡһʱЩֱڿ죬ҲǷԼƺ˵ˡ
üղŰ׸峤Ļž˼ˣ꿋SȻ׼ҲҵԼˣҿǾ˰ɣʵҲǶ֮ȤѣϾһûм֮ʲôӡ
һ˵
ʵһ˵Ϊ˴Ƶķ֮ģ
еҪϪ֪ԽǵʱԽҪס
峤Ҳͨ峤µĹءЩǸȻ˵
ʵҲ֪׶δ׼ҵҪԣ
壬ͲҪ˵ˣԸϪû£ο˺Ϫػ𣿡
꿋SԼ壬ҲǼæ
ж
׿С˵ĳԴԼҲůůġ
˵ӸϪʶڣһֱŮʵǲġ
⡭ȷҲǣô׵ԼϷأðɣòҪ峤֪ɣֻܹһʱ䣡ǰϪκεĲء
Ƶ֮һĨɱף֪˵׻ʲôĿģ
꿋S˵һôȳֺõأ
ڼ׺Ͱ꿋SݣƾӦû£ҲʹӦˣ
ߣѪӿֻܺõĿԼ




2943¼ѵž
 

׼ҺԺ
ƺͰ꿋S׽ȥ˵֮ҲһĨ֮ɫ
ˣ
׵ûһ֮Уܿʧˣ
꿋SԽԽˣ
ƿŰ꿋SҲ΢΢һ̾
壬⡭ǳʲô⣬ȫȨ𣡡
꿋SԼ壬ҲƤ˵
ʵøûбҪôĴС֡
ڰ꿋S˵ײǶ֮Ȥѡ
οҪļϪҪ󷨡
׽УҲǿ˵һ󷨶ѣʵϪҲǽĽӴһ£
ƾʵҪ˺Ϫ»ġ
ƿŰ꿋Sü꿋S˵ʵǲϲСӣ
壬ҡҲûУ
꿋Sʵ࣬ƺı顣
ƹһЦ˺ˣ֪˼ˣС츳˵׿ҲԳΪҰ׼ҵŮˣ
壬꿋S֪˵Щʲô
꿋SߵĵԼͷԼĲӸˡ
Ƶ˵ܹǼ꿋SϵˣɽҲˣԭ峤˻˵Ҫ峤ԫ峤˵ļƻҪ˰
壬ȡЦңҸײѡ
꿋SǲϣϾһŮӡ
ưڰֵڵǸ㲻֮Σճ̶ôȻҪȥҲգԽԽϲһЩϡŹֵĶһ㶼ȤҶˡ
壬һҪܰһ״֪ˣ¡
꿋SЩĿŰƣײһʱ
΢΢ͷİɣ峤һʱỹһĹӦû¡ʵ峤֪ˣֻҪҲûµġ
лл壡
꿋S֮⵹Ǻټġ
ƿŰ꿋SҲǸŰ꿋S졣
ͬʱ
Ѿǽ˰׼ҵĳ֮У֮Σճ̶˭˲֪
׼ȻҪ֮ɽ٣ҲҪֹķ
ټϰϪʵһֱǺܸߣһڰ׼ҿڿɿطΧ֮ڵġ
ʱף쳣У
ܹ˳ĽҪл꿋SѾͷİ
ҪĻ¼ǽߣҲԼİŮˡ
룡
üһϤӰվǱ߱Լƺ֪Щʲô
һᣬǳŰϪķ˹ȥ
֮򣡣
һֱӷſԼ֮ϣԼϪĶԻ
֪ȻУһӦûڰƵļ֮£
֮壿
ײδڶ󷨣Ϊ֪һڶ󷨣½Ƶ˾ͻУ
󷨣ǸϪһգ
ҲΪʲôԼ֮󣬰ƺͰ꿋Sȴվԭ
Ϊڶ󷨲̡
ǾİɣҪ£ǾԲܵģ
Ϫôදˣ
Ȼһ󷨣ӰϡЩȴûκεӰ졣
Ϫ㻹ˣ
׵ĻָԭģϤֱİϪЩ֪룡
ˣ
֣ðϪһӾ֪˶֮˭
ǰϪδκ뷨ƺڿĿԼҲʶ㣬Ҳ֪˵Щʲô
Σգ
˵ǰİϪ֪׼ҵʲôϸĻô֪׼ɽΪǿĴڣ
׵
ϪǿԶ϶ǵվԼǰˣԼ˼ĺף
ǰϪĵһӦϣ˵ʶף
Ϊʲô
Ϊ֪׼ҵжôΣգ
Լ˵ʲô취׼ҵ֮У
ǣһ׼ҵ˷֣ԼľҪ군ˣ
ϪֻҪҲڶ󷨣ǱǵĶԻЩӣһҲԸ̫ࡣֻвһʱ䡭
׵Ŀûκεķϻ˵ԼҲûдڶ󷨣ûˡ
ԣڵȻ˰Ϫʵ֮ȴκεĽӴ
׿ðϪ֪Լ˲
̫Σˣ㻹ǸϽ뿪ɣϪ֮дһ˿ʣ
׵ĻҲƲסԼˣ
ô˼֮࣬ðϪһ̳׵ı
׵һȥ£Ҫ˱СŮһ㣡
Ϫİɣһ뿪׼ҵģ
ŰϪĿ˼Ͳ֮⣡
ô꣬һžˣȻžۿȥʮֵıŤ




2944Ƚ
 

֮У
ײδڶ󷨣Ϊ֪һڶ󷨣ܿͻᱻ˸ˡ
ⲻϣ顣
֮ϢһֻΪڹ۲ŰϪѣ
ҲһĹ򣬰Ҳûκ̽˼
ֻҪײڶ뷨һжǾƿ֮еġ
ô֪ұôģ
Ϫ׵֪Ѿ֪Լڡ
ϲûоϲЩ֮ɫ
ʵϣ
İϪ֮Ǽ尾ģϣԼܹص׵׶ɹԼ֮ʱ⡣
ֲϣǰΪһˣԼҲΣˡ
ìܵðϪ
ΪһԼ˱֪֪׵ԸԲưոݵġ
ǰ׼ʲô壿
Ϫ֪˰׼ҵĵϸ֮ľԼˡ
Ϲƣвһʱˡʱ֮գ
ûôʱ䣬ֻܹ˵ˡ
ٶ˼֮࣬ûǵõȵȳϪ˵
ҪǧҪϽ뿪ߣֻҪţϪˣ
Ϫ׾Ȼ˵͹ԼҲǼˣ
׼ʲôʵ
Ȼ֪׵ôģ
Ű׼ҶԼӣô׵óأ
˵ȥĻóȥˮ׼ҴҵۣʱǱҪصĴۣ
׵֮дһ˿ĹâԨһ㣡
Ϫ˵˵׼ҲôǵģǿʥɽΪǿĴڣŶãǵĶְˣҲģ
ϪϹ˵ĻӦ֪ǲıġοһŮ˶ˣлʲô壿
׿ֵİϪӼᶨԼ뷨
Ϫһ㡭ȻʥɽȻܹµĽǱ˵֪˰׼ҵĵϸοأ
ϪҵԸӦ֪ģҲɵģûһİգô׵ĳأ
׿ŰϪҲǸ˰Ϫģ
ɡҺҲǧʱ䣬㡭ʵǿܹǿʲôطοôҪ㱣һ֮塭
Ϫ׵Ļһĸж
Լķһ˵㻰˵ܹԼϪҲǷǳţ
ȻϪ֪ǲܵģɽǿˣǲҪҪǿʵΪ֧ŵġ
Цŵ׼ҵʵȻ֪ģںܶ޷ͣԺڸ
㡭һҪСģǾΣգֻ뿪ͺˡ׼᲻ɱңҲᱣԼģ
ϪѾȻĻ䣬ҿҲܿޣ
Ϊ֪Ů˵˵ζʲô
ЦһϪЩˣƽ֮ķѾҵˣİɣ
ļٵİϪף˼֡
ЦŵϹһƭ㲻ɣֻЩӶѡһǣ׼ȻǿҪնɱȴҲûʲôܡ
̫ΣˣǸϽȥɣǰ׼峤֮ӰطĴ֮հɣ㡭ѡ춯ֻһð취
Ϫڰ׼ҵ֪ҲǳĶ࣬Ϊ׼Һܶ˵˼
οط飬˼ɲ˼Ҳν顣
ţһðս룬ֻҪ㣬»Ȫ׾Բ㣡
׵֮дһ˿ĺ
ʵϣֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬ɽκ¶Ϊ谭ĽŲ
ֻǰϪʱ䲻ˣ˼ȵҪΪˣ
ڵǧĻĻʲôҲ˵أ
Ϫ׵ĻһǿƲסĲ
ޡѣȼӣƺϲ
ϪףԼе˼ʮ֡
ȼӡƺϲ
˰Ϫ׵ּȵ˼֮顣
ң
׵ۿЩʪҲ̴
ΪԼһ̱пҪˣ
֮ǰֻҪһξȳϪĻôҪƴˣ
Сģ
Ϫûκεֻ֮гĵ֮ɫ
ֻ
֮УȴǸԵأ
һ̣
׾ԼΪǿѹ׼ң
Ϫڵʱ㶼Ĺˣ
ֻǳ֮׵Щ
ŰϪӣƺôһ̸оԼЩʹ޷
ڰ꿋SͰƲĿ֮У׻ĳǵĸǰ




2945԰׼ҵɱ
 

ˣ
ƿףҲ΢΢һЦ
ֻǿһĮӣҲЩ֡
һԵİ꿋SҲЩǵʵףôˣ
ûôֻЩˣ
Ѿǲ˵Щʲôˣδǰƣֱӻشһ԰꿋SĻ
ˣҪȻϢһ᣿ղŵ󷨴һķԣ֮ȷͦģ
꿋SףҲʮֵĵġ
΢΢ҡͷˣԭҪһ峤ģȷЩˣȻȥϢϢˣ
ţ峤ӦѾ֪ĵѵҪôһ֮²װɣ
ƿףüͷҲ
СԼ츳ߣȻ׼ҵ峤С
ƵɫȻҲ̫ÿˡ
һԵİ꿋SûоʲôͷҪȻȻȥɣʲôʱ򶼿ԹģһӸ״æڴĻ£ԱȽϵæµ
ײɣ꿋Sȴһ̨ף
׿Ű꿋Sлл
ȥӣ꿋SƺҲЩµûš
Ȼ֪ΪʲôͻȻ֮ͱÿ϶ʲô飿
ѲɸϪй𣿰꿋Sò̫ܣ
Ϫһ֮Բʲôϸġ
ֻΪʲôأ꿋SЩ˼
ƿȥıӰһ֪ôĶ꿋S˾Ʋ磬ʵһˣǵԺʵǿˣ׼Ҷ갡
壬ģˣ
꿋SӰƵĿһ˿ɱ⣬Ҳһ
ƣҲôΪ
ڰ꿋S֮ʣǳѾǴӺԺĳˡ
״ˣô⣿
꿋SŰǳĵҲЩԾʵ
յã꿋SʵЩ̫ˣϪҪԾԲСӣҵȷ¶ҪŮôܹһĽӴأ
ǳǸոյҲǿ״֮˳
ƿŰǳЩŭҲǿЦһ磬Ҳ꿋SҲͬ˵ģ
͸Ѿͷְɣȥ֮ûʲô춯
ǳŰƣʵƵĸоһģҲСƺôף
ҵʶһֱأڶûдӦǺ֮Լʲô˺ɣ
Ƶ˵Ҳһ֮ˡ
Ϫʲôܣ֪Ҳν顣ܾʲôطԾأ
ǳŰƣһֱʲô鲻̫
ֿʲôγҲЩԥ
׵츳ڰǳʵ̫ˡ
һ츳ʵ̫ڵĻһ̬ȣǳɱʮΰٴˡ
ƿŰǳɻӣҲǵͷһЩѱƺʲôĿһ㣬ʵһ㣬ĻӦòʲô̫ͼ
ҲĸоҪͼıҰ׼ңǶɱǣ
ǳΪ׼ҵ峤ʥɽǿߣһǹĺܣ
Σ
ϴȱţ
ǵȵɳԺţ
ɽ嫵ĳ֮Уز۵ſڼˣ
״ˣûʲôǵô˵ģɱЦ𣿡
꿋SЩˣʲôûԼĸ׺Ȼɱ⣡
ֱֵ
ʵϰǳͰƾŵľǸֱֵ
ֻǰ꿋Sţоʲô
ղܵ˰ϪĲһ˲ֳֵɱȴһ㱻
ò˵ǳͰƵȷǳ֣
ˣ꿋SΪ׼֮ˣһҪԴΪءնɱǱôֱ԰׼ҵնɱأ⣬ڼ׵Ժ˵ɣһʶȤҰ׼ҵĵǲҲˣһζĲӣǱкã
ǳɱϣоЩܿƣȹ۲һʱ䣡
һһֱĿ˵ĻǱǶ԰׼ҵĲ
ʱһɳ׼ҲֻһҰ֮
ԲǰǳԸ⿴飡
ѱţҪôҪôɱˣ
ƵͷԼǣŵǲܿƣǱв
꿋SԼԼĸ׵Ļоһ˿Ĳ
ǳͰƵĻʵϾ˵꿋Sġ
ΪǿóѾͷѾǲ˸顣
ǰ꿋SһﶼûκεôĻô׼ҿľҪˡ
׼Զģ
˿̣ȴѾ뿪ʥɽǴûгֹһ㡭




2946ؼ
 

׼ҵɱ
꿋SԼĸ׺֮죬Ҳǿһ£
纣
û뵽˶ţȻҲбɱĿԣ
꿋SǾˣ
ֻ֪Լ˵Ҳ΢ᣬϣľҵףȻҪ嶯
꿋SҪҵףѾǲˣ
ѾʧʥɽѾǳĺǵķ򼲳۶ȥ
ĺǳ
ҫҲû뵽׻˵ͻȻ
Ӳ֪ΪʲôᵽΪ˵ӦʥɽŶԣ
ʥɽ飬ҫ컹ûյʲôϢ
ΨһյϢǰǺӶɽٷˣҫɵĳǷǳǿġ
ֵۣǡ
ҫ쿴ֱӴԼĳͨһĻᶼûС
֪Ӧʲôżˣ
峤޴˷ǰΪǰ壬һ󡭡
׿ҫ죬Ҳǿżɽ˵
ֵ۵˵޷ֻҪؼ붫۳ֵ֦ͬ۵зԸĳȻǽ߾ȫ
ҫ쿴֣µӣ֪Ӧòˡ
΢΢ͷ峤ӦùһӾͻʥɽ˰ɣ
׼峤طҶСҶޱĻ¶ֵʥɽӦ֪̤Ȫɣ̤ȪѾӿڿƣյϢƺҲһ쿪
ҫ쿴ףҲǳ
ͷȻ֪̤Ȫ飬޶̤ȪȻЩȤȤǺܴϣ峤ʱܹһ֮
ֵۣҪ
ҫȻ֪һЩƿأҪʥɽЩǿ߶Կĸֶˡ
ʥɽĿֲѰ֮˿ģ
ҪȳԼŮˣ
˵ޱȵļᶨԼϪһ̣Ѿ¶˾ģ
ˣֵΪʲôѡһ죿һǰ׼ʵǿʢʱ򰡡
ҫЩ׵Ŀף֪Ϊʲô׻ıƻ
ʵһǰʥɽҫҲ֪ģҲ֪״˷ǰȥΪʲô
ҪĿľȥ̽һ°Ϫ飡
û뵽ոմֵ̽۾Ҫʼȫ׼ˣ
ҫʵ̫嶯ˡ
Ҫɽ綼֪޵˭Ҳãǰ׼ҲУ
ѾھʱԽԽˡ
ҲҪᣬϾǲĶ
ܶմʱհһҪˣǿ¾Ҫ˼ˣ
ɽ磬ԭһĵط
һ׾ʵҲǷǳ顣
ֵѾˣ
ҫһû뵽׾Ȼ˵ż
ô峤飿¶һ˿Цʵ
û飬Ȼĳֵ۽ˣ·ĳȻġֻǡ
ҫ쿴ף֮ҲǴһ˿ԥ
ֻʲô׿ҫ췴ʵ
ҫ̾һؼҵսеǰǿǱŵĻؼľĩˣʥڵǿҲһ˶ѣ׼ҵʥǿ߿ֵۻ֪ɣ
һˣ峤˵ˣˣ׵ȻһЦ
ˣѵҫҲͻˣ
ҫ컹ûнӵϢҫһֱǻʥڣͻƵĻؼҵȷһϢ
ظ峤ͻˣŮѾΪʥڵǿˡ΢΢һЦ
֡ɻ
ҫ֮гĲ֮ɫ

ôأ
Ҫ֪Ȼؼһǿ츳֮һҲɵۺڵľ磡
Ŷ೤ʱ䣿ȻͻƵʥڣԽԼĸף
ҫ첻ţ˵Ҳţ
⡭ⲻܣ
ҫ쿴ף˵Щ
׿ҫ峤Щûʱϸ˵˷ǰؼҾ֪ˡ޻Ǿ仰峤ʱͬУ
ֵһǷĸ֣ĸ򣬿򵥵Ķ࣡
ҫ֪ؼҺ¼Ҷվߣɰ׼ҵĺǷǳǿģ
ʮ󳬼壬һЩһ壬ʥǿ߲
ҪڰǱҪг׼
׵˵һξ㳲ֻҪﵽʥǿߣܹһ
ĳ֪ˣҵǰʥɽʱؼʱֵ۵ĵǲ
ҫҲһļ˺ĳ棬ɽʷҲûгֹɣ
˿̣
ҫ콻̸ãҫѾ뿪ĺǰʥɽ
ͬʱҲ̤ǰ̡




2947Ĵ
 

أ
׽֮һ·̤нأ
壡
׵ĵһȺǿҲǸϽߣ
Ͼ
ݼΪ⣡
μʹˣ
Ϊʣ׵ˣʮֵأ
һǿҲǽĲΰף
˿Ҳһεĳڲ
ʡ
μ֮Ȼ俴ӣҲǿһ£
һ˿ӣҲǺ䣡
Ǹ֪һ׵Ϊζ
Ϊʲô֮ǰʧûһλʹһͬǰ
ѲҲѾǳ׵ĳλʹ
ӿһ磬˵ʹڴˣҸ֮Ͳضˡ
ǣʣ
ӻһأ
ü֮һ˿ϵ֮ټĴ·ǰ£
⡭ʹˡʣ׷ʲô飿
ҲЩƵʵֵ۸ոȥŲõʱ䣬ΪʲôͻȻ۷
Ҫټ嶥ڴأ
һʱ䣬Ψһ뵽ĿԾǳˡ
׿絭˵ȥɣ˵
ʹ֮
ҲǸϽǰ壬֮У׵Ļν̩ɽһ㣡
׺´λã˿ȥ죡
һԵȻֻվ˵˿ˣҲǻ۾ɣ
Ҫ֪ǾΪ˰
һĹ򣡣
ǿĺ֮£ȸһ塢׻һ塢һ峤ѾǷ
Ȼǲ֪ʲô飿
ԭмΪǿĺȻһʧ
Ⲣǿ󣡣
ȸһ峤ɡ׻һ峤ɽһ峤죡
ƺΪżæδ壡
˵ĵԺ䶯ˣ
ɽ͹첢ʶףֻһԵķɿλõʱȸһɰݼʹʡ
ʹǶ۾ô
ɽףҲѿһ˿Ц⡣
һԵĹ쿴Ҳ΢΢һЦһݼֵۡʡ
ϹꡢɣĸһξһƺѾʮǰ˰ɣ
ӿˣҲ¶һ˿Цݵ
ʣ֪˷ҵǰΪ£ɿ˽ӣ֪²򵥡
οڻߣȻҪˡ
峤ǰļӰǺǡ
ʱԼλվŷҲһЦ
ӦøֵйˣֵȸһĶˣֵ£ȸһ嶨Ȼ
Ȼ֪ʲô飬׵̬ѾǱ϶УӦò򵥡
һԽ̫̫ˣֺǰأ
ֻǷɺһɽЩ벻ͨǣʲôҪĴԳ
ɽһҲ΢΢һЦֵ֮飬ʵĶŮֵȣֵҰ׻һҲǶͬ죬ɽҲᵱͷڹģ
ɽϼһ˼һˣ
һͷڹ⼸֣һӾЩˡ
ʵĻָЦˡ
ɽĻҲʵЩ̲סЦ˳
һ屾ǹ壡
ͷڹ겻ָһ
ɽĻҲЦǺǵ˵ʣС˵Ҳ̫עִ˰Ϲ꣬ͱˣһġλǰҪһ
ʣϹɲϲ׻ƽϣȻֵûйϸ𣬿ΨֵհһȻҲ⣡
˵ʵȷǴ
嶼׳ƳˣһΪûôţŸɣ
ɨһ۵ֵ۴˷ǰΪѰλİϣλܹȫԸ
Ѱʶ㲻⡭Щ̫ܰɣ
һסˣû뵽ͷ㲻飿
һԵɽҲǵͷǰҲЩ֣嶼㲻飬ǿ²С°ɣ
ʲô飬ֻҪֵۿڣȸһ嶨Ȼȫ
֪ԼĲ²ûд׶Ȼʲô鷳ˣ
ֻǵʲô鷳ǺҪ֪
׿¶һ˿Ī΢Цһεе󣬻ʷΪɽʷĳ֮У⻹ǵһΣ
һ仰
ֱȦ˶ڴ֮µʲô




2948Ϻȵһ
 

ʷ
˵ջǾʹˣ
ɽ嫣ܹǧʷĻǺֶΪأ
ֻǵʲôܹɽ˵Ĵأ
ʵЩ벻ͨ
׵ĹϵһЩǲܻʵֵۣʲôֱ˵ɣҵȾƴǣ
ɽҲ֣µĵͷǰҰ׻һҲԸͿأ
һԵĹ첢δ˵ֻ֮Ҳӵһ˿ڴ
׿ŷɵ˵ϣλ޵Ůˡ
ֵۣȸҪôʦ𣿡
Щ̲סˣֻǾһˣôҪôǿһͬǰ
Ѳֵ۾ϲų
ֲ֮ǰ˵ʷôֳȥһŮˣǿ϶Ǻ䶯ɽˡ
ˣһǶɽ綼Ҫ
οһζȥأ
ɿŹֵģȻֵҵǰȻʲôˡ
ӵͷһԵĹʥɽ׼ңλӦ˵ɣ
ֹǿɽΪǿɣ֪ʥɽ׼ҵʵԲκһĴѲֵҪȥ׼Ҿˣ
ƺҲǸоһĲͬ
һԵɽҲɫص׼ңһ׼Ҳ£µʥɽƺһڴ˼УЩһǿǺŰ
ҲǵͷԲ׼ҵıӵҡҵȳ壬ЩʵȻ֮׼ԲһЩʵǷǳǿᡣ˵ʥɽʮ󳬼壬ؼҺ¼֮⣬ȫ԰׼հ
ĶʵǷǳĹעġ
ϾɽΪĵطԹע˶ȻҲġ
ǣһȫ
һڳ֮׵νİ׼ҾˣǾʥɽΪа
ֲö۾ղ˵ʷǣɽô꣬ûб˴ģʥǿߵս
ǵΪȵĴսʵҲɵۼǿ߲Уʥǿ߸ûв֣
һ֣ΪĶ
λԸ⣿
ײδ̫ҪʵԼˡ
˷Ӫȣһսʱ򼴱ʥǿ߿ĻҲǲСġ
֪һӪȰϪõһλᣡ
ԺҪڰ׼ҲӪȣǼǲܵˡ
һǵһǣ
׼ҲԺɵĽϪͬһطԼȥӪȰɣ
еǲɹʣ
һ׼ԼпԵĳΪľǰסξѵĻᣡ
ԸֵǰʥɽȸһɵʮλʥǿԱʱ֮裡
ûκεԥʵΪĿ׵Ǳ
׳ɹշ֮Ǿþһͳɽֽһ
ʵϣһʥɽĻôɽһͳҲʱˡ
ģ
Ըȸһǰ;ȥģӮˣԺȸһܹҫܶ꣡
ǶˣɾȸһҲκ˿˵ġ
ɽһ˭ֵҰ׻һľأֺѣǱԹۣǿҪҰ׻һҲԸʮλʥǿߣֵսʥɽԸһͬǰ
ͬʱ̬ټ壬Ǽ˵ֻйһξˣ
Ϲ꣬ʣˣȥȥʹ컰
ӿŹ죬һôİԵ
ɺɽҲһԽĶŹ죬Ĵ干ͬ˵Ļ֮٣
˵ʵﱾǿ϶ҪġֻǿλϵġʥֵӦö֪һ䣬ǽɲɹʧ
Ϲ꣬ô˵˼ҪʵˣüŹʵ
̾һɣһɳλʥڵǿ߹ȥɣҲǱΪֵ۾һЩౡ֮
ʥڣϹ꣬㻹ǺŪŭһѲ벶ȸں󣿡
޴⣬һһôȾָЩأ
һӵĻҡҡͷ
¶һ˿Цݵ˸־޲ǿ󣡼Ȼ峤ޣҲ峤λʥڵȷǿߣ޾Ͳͷ峤ˣ
ֵۣ岢Ǵ⣬ֻһʵԭǲ壬ԡ
ҲЩε˵ʵĲԸΪ׸
ΪûбҪУͽҪ
棬мһ㣬ѡʮλʥкڵǿȥԵ޹ʵİף
װڰֵ峤ԣ֪˼ˡǿͣ峤űǣʡ峤ʣ
ֵ۵Ը˼ͬʱڵ
Цŵʥɽʱ޹λݣֻڣҲһЩҪ͸λǸлλĶɡ




2949¿׵Ĺ
 

ܲ
ҲЩϰ£
׵ȷǺǿȻ˶̵ʱھΪ
ֻǹһ̫Ľ飬ƾʲôҪΪأ
ȥʥɽ
ʱ򻹲֪ҪȷѪ꣬һʵԭĴ֮ġ
͵ʴףһԪǾͲˣ
οǿڶܹ࣬ɹľˣʧ˭ֲ
ѲɾͿǰλ۾һЩɶ
˵ʵʲôģǱЩǿں
ʥΣǰĺǵķˡ
һСæȻ岻ݴǣ
Ͼʵʵ̫ǿᣬҲԸðž޴ķȥλɽ¹
ʥɽòֵã
ٵĶǽܹ׵Ķݣǰ׻һ壬˼ҸǾ˻ʵһ˫Ů
æڹ쿴Ҳ֮е飡
ȸһ壬ӦҲǺǧ˿Ƶϵ
ǾԼһʲôôû̵ҪΪһɵƴʵ޷ܣ
ȻӡɺɽûиãԼӦô
ô
˵Ҫ⼸һЩôʱ򣬹Ҳ¶һ˿Цݣ
һССĵ۳۾Ҹոճɳûʲôˣóʲôö
Ʒʲôģ
ЩȱЩ
ײѣҪһﵽô
Ϲ꣬ȻϰֵۣƤĴ߸ʲô
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ĴѾһȴСģʵǲ֪ʲôͬˣ
ɫΣЦһɽ˼ҾŮ㲻˼˵ȥһƺҲûеõʲôôɣ峤Ժô
죬ǲԺǱǶϾˣ
ӵĻ˵ķǳֱӣûκεԥ֮ɫ
ֻҪ׵ˣǱ㶼Լĵˡ
ʣʲô˼
ӵĻҲ֪ʲǿЦ
Լ˵ȥĻͬóȥˮҲһҪӵˡ
ݸһЦʡʣȻϹ겻Ը⣬ҲǿǿͣȻǾŰɣֵܲ۰ɣ
һ˲䣡
ԭֵĳһӱ̣ӵˢˢĿ˹죡
ɵĻƫ죬ʵھ죡
㲻æҲԣǳֵۣǿǵĵˡ
һɵĻпһ£ʶְ̧˰ڵϹѲɻȥǰϼһ𣿾ܣ
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Ҳɫ䣬Ź˵
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ڣ
˿̵Ĺ컹һЩЩˣ
һ뵽ȥʥɽΣգһεļᶨġ
׿ŷɵ¶һ˿ЦλһȻҲǿ󡣡
ֵۣϹ
ҲŭһҲ̫Ǹ˰
ֻûôʵҲ˼ҵĵġ
ֻͬԴķʽһѡ
׵Ҳ죬ϾɶôҲûе£˼ҿҪôʥǿߡ
һиɶģʱ˼ҿ޶ûطȥ
ֻһһ㶼̸ŸôѹҲ˽׵·
ܵΪ׸ʲôö
Цŵɽ֮Уÿһ˶ԼѡȨ峤ȻҲԼѡȨ
лֵ⣡
֪׵ͷͣȻæҲ˹ȥ
ν˵һǿϰæʱӭǲϰæҲǿ󡣡
ֵۣ۾ͱûȤϹˣղ˵ҪһЩöİ
ɽҲǰ뿪Ц˵ʵ뷨һ
ܹóʲôöأ
˼ҼȻҪó˵˼һгĲǣ
óĻѲǻͲæ
Ī޼Ȼ˵ˣǱλһĽġ˷ǰʥɽΣأҲδ֪޲λĺԺάˣλֻȫԸأ
׵һֱó嶼ڵ




2950ޱķڷ
 

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ʲô˼
һԵĹ춼ڵ
ǰλ۾εºܣȻ˵һ
Ȼ˵λ۾ʵҲǱȽϵǿᡣ
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ѲɾɳȥĸȫҲν
ⲻܣ
Բܣ
֮ԱǣһﴵţıԽԽˡ
ֵ⻰ʲô˼
ȻûκεĹϵȴһ廰
һڵķɺɽƺӵĲм
׿Ź΢΢һЦ峤αļƺ峤ҲûκεĹϵɣ
ֵۣ岻Ǻѡ֪ղ˵Ļ˼
ȻϻȽϵĵ֮еһĨм֮ɫԱ
׵˵Ȼ֪һ峤֪˵Ļʲô˼𣿡
úúã嵹Ҫֵ۵ʲôܹ˵˿֮
Ϊһ峤ԭҲһλĸ֮ˡ
׶ԼһĨķ̣ҲЩ̲סˡ
һԵķЩ̲ס˵ֵҵΣҲֲ廰ɣ
峤岻ΪǺĶѣ
Ҳŭ˹ȥ׵ģҲЩһ
һ˵ЩҪԼѿ
ҪһﵽôԼѿ
ಣ
ڼ۲֮ʣ׵ĸǰѾǳһŵľӨ͸Ĺӣ

ʵⶫڳ֮Ҳ˼ģ
飡
ǼĶ鿴׾èһ㣡
֮ǰ֮ĳͻҲһĨӰ
ڵλǿ̸֮ЦӣѾԼͷȥ
ֻǵóʱҲǳ׵סˡ
֮ǰǼһ˵ⶫֻһŶѣû뵽һǲҪǮһˣ
ⶫļֵ֪İ
֪֮ƺͲ֪ˣǰȹʵǶڵ
⡭ʲô
ɽ˿̿óĶҲһü
ʶ
ǼʶǷóҲǳ׵סˡ
һԵķҲЦʵֵۣ⵽ʲô
ЦŵλʶҲġΪλ˵ӦҲĳƷˣ
Ʒⶫ
쿴ǰԼʶĶӿֳһĨм
׵ҲǲգŹ峤Ȼʶɽ֮棬¹峤δȫԡͨߵȷô󣬿ɶʥ˵ÿɾʹˡ
ֵţĿЩ˰ɣֶǴڵĻʹˣôҵȴδ˵أ嵹ȴҲǷǳһ㡭
쿴ҲǿЦ˼⻰ǳ
ó㶫˵ʥǿã
ɿŹŭһֵ۸ǵĶʲôʱֵ廰ˣⶫûãǸҲûκεĹϵοûԹô֪ûã
ߣ峤Ұο¶о˰ɣֺαأ
һٸţϾ˵ʵ֮
׿ŹЦһһٶԹ峤ãɹ峤ƺ̫޵°Ȼ峤ôţ֤㿴ԺģֵΣ
ܣⶫһ˿ֵܲ۾Ȼ˵ҵãĪֵΪҵȶɵӲɣ
Ҳǳ׵ĸ׸ˣӿȥҲҪɰʵ׵ĸо
죬Ҷʹǻ˰ӿ׶ŭҲվ˳
ǣֵǴԹĳˣĪΪĳֵ۵ԭֵ۵ҰĻȻҰҲıʵĳѣ
Ҳһǿ֮ˣѾ˵ˣȻǸĵˣ
˵ˣһȻǰ޾ǿ󣡡ЦŹֻǹ峤Ŵɣ޵ƢҲôĺã
ֵҪһ鷳ʲô˵Ƕòֵܹ֤νʥǿãĳȻֵֵ۷䣡
϶飬˻ı䣡
Ȼɺɽͬ뷨ȴɡ
׺͹ĻҲͬʱĿף
ʵҲҪⶫǲô棿
ãޱù峤ķڷˣ
˵Լв֮
ԭǴ㰲ɺɽ֤һ²




2951µ˱
 

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״ʼձֵĶһŵݣ
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첻֪Ϊײһͷ
ƺоԼˣΪʲô
ΪôĸӦòô׵ñϷˣɣ
ֻǿûлͷ
ƺһֱ˸Ѽϼܵĸо
·һ޷԰ε̶֮Уݲ԰Ρ
嵹ڴֵܹñķڷأ
쿴ףҲЦһ
׿˿һԵĹ죬ʵȻ峤֮ìܣ޾ѡ峤˰ɣ֪峤˴ο׽֮ǰ
׽֮ˣΪ׽֮ˣĶӹӦѾǵΧˣ
쿴ףҲЩɵʵ
ӵʵ츳֮ԼĴЩġ
쵹ͦϲԼӣΪԸֱԼк֮ܶ
Ӹвͬ
ϥӣȻϣ̳Լ峤֮λġ
ϲĻԼĶӣԼʲôٴԼĴӣǴԼӣ
ֻԼӲɵۺڵʵʥôһ˿˿
ɾôһ˿˿ǱĴһ㣬ԸΪԼӳˣ
ֵۣһŸɣƾʲôݴ
֪׵͵ģʵΪŷҲһ㡣
ԴӿֱӴɵۺڽΪʥ֮˼׸߸ˡ
Ļô棿
ܹô˵ĻԺʥǿ߻
׵ĻӸоֱһڱһﰡ
һͷˮĿӵʲô˵ǺܸЦ
ɣ
Ҳ÷ϻͷʵ˵˵ٶʲôأ
ߣ嵹Ҫֵ۵ʲôͣһת壬
͸Ͽգ
ʥǿߣǻʵ˸оĻ꣡
ʱ
һλɫϵУģ켸һ޶
ֲʮֵϲԼӣֱһģӿ̳İ
μʡʡ峤μ״ˣ
һ˵֮Ҳǽ
쿴Ź尡λǶ۾ݼ۾
۾ֵ𣿡֮оȻһ˿ĳ֮ɫ쿴ԼӵģҲεĵͷ
ֵۣһ壬ֵ۶ͽ̣
忴׵ʱԾûôĽˡ
׳Ź΢΢ͷҽɣ
ϡȥһ㶣һԵĹҲǳʵֵۣǸʲô
ô峤ѲΪ޻ẦĶӲɣȻЧܴ󣬲ҪӳǿĹЧǱ죬ѰõĻЧֻķ֮һң
׿Ź죬Ҳһ֣
쳣ԲĹӦɣ
ʵѾ൱ڿԿ˵һˡ
ҪľǽЧõĳ
׵ܣȻҲܸ̫֪
֪ˣ֪
ΣΪעѾγɣԼô鶼µĻΪһ峤ˣ
ӿŹϹ꣬ʿԵû¡ǵ˱֪ô
˱ԣ㻹վ˵۰
Щյ˵Լõʲôôˣ
ѲһܹԼĶӽʥ
Щ֮ԱǣΪʥڵǿߣô᲻֪ʥĿأ
ʵһǴɵۺڽʥڣһǴʥڿʥڣ
˵ģԼӽʥѾˡ
ӾܹʥĻľ˰
ҪĻǻ޻˵
һп
ʣ⼸ǲ̫ܵ飡
ӿһԹӣݺݵ˵һľ֪ˣϹ꣬Ǳ˵㣬ֵ۸һλᣬղסĻǱֻܶ˵һɵȱ
㡭ԭǺεȵ磿û뵽Ȼˡ
컹һƬŭɫʵǸ㲻Ϊʲôӵģ
ܹԤδĻ´֪ԼǸʲôˣ
Ź߽ȥӣϳֳĵ֮ɫ
ɺɽһڴȻҲʲôϣ




2952ʶʱĹ
 

ܲ
һ±ƵĿ״˽ȥ
˾ôһĲ֪һǹʲôԻ
ھȻԼĻ˼ֱѡŴˣ
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Ҳûκεİ취Ψһİ취ǵȴˣ
ԼĶӲɵۺ֮ˣܹô̵ʱԼĶӳΪʥڵǿߣ
Σ
Ѿ뾡һа취ԼҲͽ͵ġ
ķŹӣĿԼĶ̤ʥ
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˵ĻʵҲѹˣΪĽʵЩ߸֮ǰ֪
ĲţмȽƫƧСݣ
״ŹͽС֮Уڹ廹ûзӦʱԼһһ㣡
⡭ֵۣʲôط
һԭΪԼɵۺڵʵʲôӦˣ
ָô£Լ֪Լʲôʱôһط
Źһӣ׵ȻһЦ޼ȻӦ˹峤ȻԹκεĵ⣬ֻҪϣޱ̤ʥ
ʲʲôʥֵȷ㲻ǿЦ𣿡
ν츳ʵЩ츳Զ֮˵ġ
ʵ츳ɽ֮ҲǱȽϵĺˣ
ֲɵӣôʥأ
ֻǰλ۾Ŀʵ̫ˡ
ʥ
Լʥ
ԼĸʥڵǿߣҲ˵Ļɣ
׿ŹǹӲޣޱùӻص峤߼ɣȨûз
š
忴ף֮һĨԥ֮ɫܿᶨ
׼ֵۣҿɵۺѾ֮ãȻԼƺԴʥϣԼҪʱ򣬷·־Լʮǧ֮⡭
ԸһˣݸһЦ
ͷ˵ʵֵʵҲţֵƶܹʡ峤ǿ׷棬ֵ۵Ͽ϶ĳ˲һĶ
ӵ۹ƺҪ㸸ҪԸһЩĽǶҲӵĿһЩ
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ӡɽΪʲôԼǿ϶ʲôֵŵĶ
һһζľ֪Լ̧ܣ涼
ЩǸȻ˵ֵĪ֣״һֻΪȺǣЩҲЩһЩǸ״κòõĵطԸ游״˸ֵ۵Ǹ
ãװڰ֣Ź޴˷ʵֻһҪǱǲҪ˵ȥĸף
⡭
ЩԥϾԼĸ˵ǲ̫׵
׿Ź嵭˵ʱ㸸Ǳ㣬˵ޱ¶ˣ
һ׵Ļ̵ֵİΪʥǿߣԲ˵κιڽ飬ΥġǴ
һǷǳĴȻһʼΪǳʵ
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Ǻǣ˵ȻôķѾ
Ҳ̾ĿŹ壬Ҳ΢΢ͷ
忴ףЩɻʵֵۣһ仰岻֪ʲʣ
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忴׵ֵ֪۴˷ǰټĴ嵽к°ղҿ״˺Ǻϣ
һ֪ˣҪĿֻһǾʥ
ʵǲһԼʥɽΣ˽֪
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ֻ״˲ϲвŹϣĸǰҲǳ
ʼˣ
忴ѾʼҲϥʼתڵ
ֻҪıǽڲֱԷѵʽתΪʱ䷨ƬͿռ䷨Ƭ
ҪĳΪʥǿߣҪʱ䷨߿ռ䷨Ƭ
ֻҪеһʵϾ͵̤ʥˡ
˵Ļǵ˵ֱӽʥڵĲˡ
Ϊÿһսǳʼα
ſռ֮ԽԽʱͿռ䷨Ƭ׵ҲĨһ˿Цݵʼɡ
ֻǾ׼ʼ֮ʣһϤӰѾǳ׵ĸǰ




2953
 

֮У
׸׼ʼʵ֮ʣ
Ӱ׵ĸǰ׿ĳ֣Ҳһ㶣
С飬㡭ƻָˣ
׿ӣҲ֮гϲ֮ɫ
ԴӴˮǻ֮һֱ޸֮У
û뵽ԼΪؼʱ̣һˡ
Źӣֱ֮еʱͿռ䷨Ƭ˽ȥ
ڷеʱ䣬͸Ӧһ£
ԼܹʱͿռ䷨Ļ׵ʡ¶ˡ
ɼһӸܲǵʱҲѭ򽥽İܵ
Ѿڹˣһ˼ڸŵʱͿռ䷨Ƭ
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鿴׺ٺһЦʦ磬ֵּ˰ǸĿռ籩ʵ̫һЩ
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ǰСһӵ˵ɽ˭׵Ļ¾ͷСĪˣ
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һֵûа취ʵ̫ԣˣҪЩԲ˰
Сӣø˰
ҲĴָһҲԣԼɽ綼öˡ
ʱһһ٣СѾ˲ˡ
ȡĳɾͣȻΪ⣬ϸһʵҲ֮У
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Сܻ˲ٵĵ˰
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һǲҪɵģټʵȻʥڡ
׸оʮֵ˳ֻҪ飬κ鶼оף
ʦİɣһξɩһûġʦҲ߯ǿһ㰡Ҳڵʱ䣬Ȼ嶼̲ˣȥʥɽһȦҶЩź˰
ҲЩƵĿףȷһʱСӱﻵˡ
׿û˵СһͲðǰɣİɣһõĵطʱú÷ӷӡ
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˿̵Ĺ·ڷƬĺ֮Уһüһã
һԵСӿѾǴʥˣֻĸ֪һЩǷȱҪʦһ£ƽһٶȰ
ǣٹһʱĻ֪ʱ߿ռ䷨ӦҲûκεġֻʱޣͰһ°ɡ
ҲݸһЦϾĵϵ츳ٲܲʲô̶Ȱ
СҲ˵ˣԼĻⱲϣ²ˣ
Ҳ΢΢һЦŹҲԵ˵
һԼ»ûʲôϣˡ
ݣ
׵һӣΧʱͿռ䷨Ƭָһ㣬Ź֮û룡
ԭüĹ·ںڰ֮пһ֮·һ㣬Ȼʣ
ϲüң
һ̣·ʲôµһ㣬в԰Σ
ǣСڿˡҲЦ
׵ͷܹʲô̶ȣֻпԼˣ
ʦڸˣ
֮ǰʱҲ׸ṩ޶ȵֻôվԼˣ
ֲֵֵİɣ
ʱһһĹȥ׺鵹ĵķǳĿģ
˿̵ĹҲǲϵ֮ڵʱͿռ䷨Ƭ
֮ڵʱͿռ䷨֮ԽԽ٣Ҳ΢΢һЦʥڣ츳֮ǲ˲٣Ҳǿˣ
Ȼֹ
׽֮𣬷·ûгֹһ㣡
˿̵ĹҲԼ˫ۣ˿̿׵Ѿǲһˡ
ʥڣ
ԼڲͬʱۿһƬͨ죡
ԭΪûϣһ̽׿Լĸһ㣡




2954¾
 

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ӺɽһƷ裡
һһֱڴȥһ
ôûг
쿴ӺɽҲƵ˵
Ϲ꣬Ҳ̫ס˰ɣżʱ䣿ѲΪֵۻӲɣôҲɵۺڵǿ߰ɣ
ӳĿŹ죬Ϲ껹ǳס
һԵķҲǿһЦǰϹ꣬Ǳ˵㣬治֪峤ôȥģôһʣ
ǵĶǵȻˣǺиʲô̵ģҡ
ݺݵ˵û˵꣬ƺоһЩĲס
Ͼʡʺͷ峤ƺվڱһߵġ
ĳˣԼҲֻܹɵˡ
һ뵽ߣиǱƲѣԼ峤ôʱ䣬ûôء
ʿŹӣЦһľ͵ְɣֵۿϰǼҶӣǼҶӵĸڸв֪
㡭ôȥ
ԽԽңԼΪ谮ĶĳµĻĲ֪Լɳʲô
ˣҶǸȣǸǰƣҲȵ壬ֵۻأ
ӿŹӣʵ̲ס
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ȻҪйһԼƢջѡ˳Ĭ
ϾӡɽͷɱһĿ⣬Ҳֻܹˡ
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ڹŭ޴йʱ״ԼĶӴ˳
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쿴ԼĶӣһȥϸ˿ĿԼĶû֮ų׵ķ
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ʵߡҪ׼˵Щʲôɵ֪ԼʵʱӶˡ
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׿Ź쵭ʵ峤
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첻ϵĵͷĻľɵȱˣ
ο쿴ĲԼĶӳΪʥǿߣǿһܹ̫̫ĸˡ

ǵһʲôĴڰ
Ȼ峤ˣ֮ǰԼӦҲ˰ɣ׵ʵ
֮ǰĳ飬ʵǸԺһ嶨ȻֵհԴһλǿǰʥɽ
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׿ˣҲǲطڶ
ϾʵҲʣ²µʱˣҪǰʥɽһϷͳˣ
ֵ۷ģҵȶȻ׼ʱԼ
Ĵ䣬ҲǺȻӦǣ




2955Ů
 

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˵Ľ㶼˰׼ҵϣ
ΪʥɽΪǿļ壬׼ҺҶҵҲ˶෽Ĺע
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һʱ䣬ܶ˶ױնɱϢ
Ϊλһʱ伸ǳ׵ʧˡ
ʦ磬ʥɽһǵһҲô
ײУͻȻֵ飬˻û̫ͻأ
Ͼط˭Ҳʶ˭ǣ
ǣʵʥɽҲʵǿһЩѣϸطҲû̫𣡡Цŵ
ͷΪпĵȷǿԸܵܶǿϢû뵽һҲܹվɽ۷尡
أ
׺֮ʣһȭͷ֮ϵ׺ĶУ
ʶĳǰ濴˹ȥ˿ǱҲΧһȺˣ
һλŮ˴ĿѪȴʮֵľǿ
ʦ磬ɩӡ
鿴Ŷ汻۸֮ˣҲǾˡ
һԵҲǵɴ۾ŶŮ֮г֮ɫ
B
λһ֮ˣҲǸԼġ
ֻһɽ֮󣬲һǰBˡ
ʵBĲףһԵʵҲһ㡣
ΪBһֱĬĬţټھ̫幬Ժױ˺ԣ
׶оеοأ
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ԼȻԼһŮɽ綼ûҪǽżȻĻԼ֪ʲôʱء
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ʵBԷ֮Ҳһã
֪׵ûз˵˶۳һλ׵ĵ۾
˵˺֮ܶ󣬻϶ȷԼϹˡ
B֪ʥɽǿһֱûиȥף¸ʲô鷳
û뵽һȥ͵ˣھȻ˱ƻˣ

һһֱ׷ԼBûκҪ˼
ΪѾǱ׸ˣ
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οѾǳΪ׵Ůˣ޸ˣôأ
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ױܵüϾӿB֮ɫ
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һĸ̣ҪĻôԺȻڹBˡ
磬㡭ôˣ
Bһ磬ֱһ죬Լ뷨Щˡ
һԵλBɱô۸û뵽ҵһϵȻ͸˵ıƻ飬Ѳ浱˲ɣ
㻹Լҵ̲˰ǺҵУʲô
һŰӣλҲԹԵĴЦ
Bߣ
Ȼ֮зǳǿӲ֪ҵܲﾡҪĺá
ûдӦߣ˭Ҳ߲
źһŭȣһԵɵۺڵĳҲΧ




2956·
 

ʲô
ĽŶΧĺλϣüͷҲ
Ľҵ峤
ʥɽʵҲǲһ壬ֻһԶһ壡
Ǻҵ֧ҲЩӣ
Ͼҵ֧ҲǺҵɲ֣ǵıǺҲ
Щ֧ʱǽˮ¥̨ȵ£ԿĻҡ
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ŭһҲȼܵս
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BԼĸ磬ˮƺԵ÷ǳ
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㿴BҲǿЦ˼ƺĽ
ּ۳ֹ
BȻ˵ˣ˵Ĳһԭڶ۳ƫƫԯޣ
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⺫㽫ĸ쾡£
ֻ֪׾ԱߣӲ֪Լ¾Ҫùˣ
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BԭҲ˾˿̿˳ְҲǳ˿˹ȥ
ֻǿ֮֮дһ˿ʧ֮ɫ




2957ײǹ
 

ʥɽĳ
׺һ˳һԵҲָָ㣡
ǶǱſϷ̬һ
˵ĵطبŲģ
ʲôˣ
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һ˿ŭ⿴׺
ѣСɷһӣ
׿ź㣬˵
ӣʲôǻԼ𰡣
һ㶣漴Գ
һﲻ֪ʲôطðģȻ˵ҪԼһӣֱЦ
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˵ʵҲǵһμˣѹҲ֪˵Ǹģ
ô˵СǲĳˣһȻ˵
ɵȱ⣬ҸǼСô˵ȥɣ
һλԭ׼Űɱڴˣû뵽ȻQôһˣ
ҲǼ˹ƺҪںǰһ㣡
׿˵˵ʲôʱֵū߲廰ˣ
㡭
λϼҪ֣ȴסˣ
ɻʵ㵽˭
ֻһ䣬˻ǲˣǿޱȡ
ΣС쵹Ҫܰô
㿴ףҲǲм˵
Ҫ
Լݣȴƫƫɾ͹ֲԼˡ
ѾʥɽΪǿļ֮һˣ˼Ȳǰ׼ҺҵĵϵҲ󳬼ĵϵ
бҪȥһС
žž
ֱӺ˺ϣһԵ˶ûзӦ
׾ôˣҳֵ˵

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ɱǣ
㿴Լӣ˱ף
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ݣΧ۵Ҳһ
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ǺҵĵϵǰΣ
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ϣʦ磡
ԭΪ׻Ϣˣû뵽ԼλʦȻǶɱģ
ʵϣǶڰ׼ҡһкҶûʲô̫ĺøС
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Ҫ֪սǿǷǳľ˵ģ
οսҲܼ֣ټʥڵʵԸλɵۺڼĳϸѹ̬
вһ㣡
Ѿǽ˸Ūֻм֮û˻֮
֮еλϣѾסԼ͡
Ҫ
û뵽˵־Ͷ֣û˿飡
ҲŵĲҿˣ
ⲻҪָո˵ڵʱ֮ѾǴ̴һλϵĵ
ŵѪ֮еλϣ˫Ѿ΢΢
ûκεͣѾǳһλɱȥ
Ѫ
λϽغϵĹ򣬾ͱ˷ֱӴ̴˵
Ȼ˶ûʵϸѾûκεˣ
𡭡ɱңɱҡ
ҲѾǷؿͷ
ʶʱΪܣ
⺫㻹Ƿǳʶʱ񣬿һԵǰ￴Ѿǳ׵ķˣ
ʥɽնɱλҵɵۺǿߣɲһŰ
ղɱ˵ʱƺڸӵŰ׿ź㵭˵
ҡҴˣ֪ˣ㲻ҪɱңҡԺҲˡ
㲻סĿͷ֮ǰģγĶԱȣ
ЦһǿŮ֮ĵķϣ³Ǳһɡ
ʦ磬ôˣ黹һԴ̼
ˣǰ׼ҶӣȷһŰɡ
׿Ҳν˵
ɱɱŮ˶˵ʲô⣬ֻԸŮ˶ֶѣ
ʮ⣬ҲᶯնɱŮ˵ġ
࡭лֹȣ峤
ü֮һ˿֮ɫǰ֮˵׾Լǲ˵һлĻƺҲ̫á
׿ڰֵҾ㲻Ϊ㣬ΪB
ΪB׵סˡ
˿̵BЩĿɿڴĿǰһУ׵ƺһ̶סˡ
˭Ҳ֪еЩʲô




2958ط
 

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B৵һһ̣ĺҪ˵׵ĻС
ȷ֪ǰ˵ǲף
ղſһ̣ȷף
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ѲɳΪɽǿ֮ò˶ıˣ
ʲôı
Bȷţ֪һеô£
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һԵԼӣЩʵB⡭λǣ
ΪBĲȷܵľBӦǲʶ˵ġ
ǴB˸֮У־Bʶˡ
ô£
ڵҲһͷˮĿŶB֪׷ʲô飿
B㻹𣿡
׿BҲǳ֮ɫΪԼŮˡ
BղʱҲǸһ
BЩܲĳ׵ķ˹ȥֱ׵ĻС
ҺܺҺܺã㻹ôڲ
BСȭסĴףȥȻǷǳʵһִεĸо
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Ľô˵ʵҲĿĵģΪڻûиһеô£
ټϸղնɱλҵĳϣһȥҿԶӰ졣
Ҫȥһ¶ԲߣĻʱ¶ǳı
׵ͷȷЩ˶ӣȥ˵ɣ
ĸһкܿʧطǰķҵܲ
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Ȩ֮ʵԪɽˣΪ峤ҿν˵һ
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˶ܹǵģ⺫˵ú峤ɽĳ谮ҪΪŮȻ֣Ͳºҵı𣿡
Ԫɽոյ֪£黹ûе֪
BˣҲֱʵ
һԵB״ˣ⡭ҪǹңΪҲųͷġ⺫㵱ңʵǿȥԡ
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ԪɽһߣҲǷȻһӣȻŭһʵ
ʵʱڳܶ˶ˡ
BԪɽҲ쳣Ľŵ
һԵû˵һɱҲɱˣҪǿպǸŮģɱˣ
㡭˭ղ˵˭ɱˣ
ԪɽԭѾЩƽһӱĻȼ
ɱˣ
ɱ˵Ļôִ˰
׿Ԫɽ峤Ů˴ɵۺ֮ͼնɱ峤ҵŮˣҵֵܽնɱƺҲûʲôİɣ
״ˣǺŵλҳϱֹ֡ɱˡ
Ҳ֪ǿ϶סģҲֻʵ˵ˡ
Ͼ֮ȻҪġ
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λǺˣBʲôʱֳŮˣ
Ԫɽ׵ĻҲһͷˮʵ
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BһԪɽҲǸϽ˵Լĸ׽׸ȥ
ҵжôǿ󣬱˲֪֪
ʥɽô꣬ʥɽһЩ黹֪ĺġ
B⡭˵ǸԪɽҲ˵£Ǻ֮ǰˡ
Ӧøл峤ڬBͰҲ峤ġ
׿ԪɽΪ֪ѾزסˣҲͲˡ
ޣ㡭㾿ǺˣԪɽףҲǾ㵲ѵ
˶۳ף
һ̤Ҳ¶һµơ




2959¾㵵
 

ܲڣ
ԪɽԪŶ׵ĻһȦ
һԵĿɿڴĿףôҲû뵽ǰ֮˾ȻǶ۳ĵ۾ף
Ҫ֪ڵĳ̶൱ţ氡
ʥɽνǸ֪
һλɽ¹󣬾ȻǬBɷԪɽһʱЩֲ
׵նɱ˺֮˵ĳƺҲûô
㡭Ƕ۾ף
Ԫɽ˵ЩˣȻݶɵĳǳĴ
һԵҲǼ˵û뵽B˾Ȼ㰡û뵽
Bô˵ԪɽBƺЩֵʵ
BЩεҡҡͷҡҲ֪ɽ絽׸ʲô񡭡ǵһμ棡
ϲ£ϲ°״ˣһֵ
ԪɽҲЦŵ֮ǰһһֱĬB⣬û뵽ھȻˣҵϲ°
һԵԪɫЩÿ磬B˵ȷǺ£ɡǴ˺ҡ
峤ҵµģǱԼɡźҲҶΣ
ݿɲʲô۾ݿǰ׼ҵĵڶ峤
һݣǱԼıɡ
ҾôѲĻΪһ֧ð֮踣
ֵʵǿᣬʥɽ²̫˽⣡ԪɽҲ̾һһ뵽ҵԭĺƺҲûˡ
޸ıԼòʥɽףǽף
׿ԪɽҲ¶һ˿Цݵ
ף⡭ôôϤԪɽüʵ
һԵףȻһԴֲҿֵ˵ϤԭԭǸװ
ʲôףԪɽʵҲûǸȥ롣
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Ҳǰôأ
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˵Ҳģ׼Ȼ£ӦҲнİ취İɣ
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һԵҲ𾪵Ŀ׵ֵ۾Ȼǰ׼ҵĵڶ峤ԺʥɽҲǿԺ˰
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ֻ֪˵Ļʲô˼
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˵ģȿֲ츳ֵ¿ǿɽˡ
ټڻǰ׼ҵĵڶ峤ڲȥʲôأ
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Ȼͬ⣬ޱͬΪֹ
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ڴ˿̣ܲĴֱӱ߿λźҷε˴ҵܲ
ҵĴԺڣ˱Ű




2960еԪɽ
 

Ԫɽ
Ԫɽ⣬һƺᴩһ㣬֮Ҳɪɪ
Ҹˣ
ʵϣʥɽûκεܿԣ
λϵڱնɱ飬ܿ㴫ʥɽ
ҲΣ
Ͼ˺ĳ壬Ǹûжˣ
ܿ죡
һ˵ҲԴΧǰʮˣ
ֻǱΧЩһûκεı飬ƺЩΧ֮˸ϣ
ԭǺƺ峤ݹ٣ĳʧԶӭ峤ˡ
˵Ԫɽ֮ǰûκεĵĻôѾһĵˡ
ټʼٸ߲ңףǰ׼ҵĵڶ峤
ȴ۸ӵĹϵ֮£ԪɽԱӦûˡ
Ԫɽ㵹ǺȻӶһ£ƿԪɽҲѿһ˿Ц
峤˵ЦˣΪҪأԪɽҲ¶һ˿Цʵ
ǣһǳӲ˰
΢΢üԪɽķܵľЩԾ
峤дͣĻһȥ
Ԫɽδ㽫ִΪִ˶˭ûκεĺô
Ҳ뱩¶׵ݣֱúƽȥһΪ򵥵Ľʽ
˲һ֪׵ݣ⺫Ӧ֪İɣ
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㿴źƣҲһѱһ˵
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Ϊ׼峤ҶҵĴС飬ܶ˶׼顣
ʱ֦õѡ
ɺλϱɱúɽ峤ʮֵŭԼ׼ΪŮĺ㣡
ⲻǴԼ齻˺ƣ
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ƵĻЩΧֵ˶
ʵұ֮˶סܶ˶Ҫôùģ
һЩֱϵļ壬ȻҲϣҾĵ̨
һһĵ̨ǲǸڵط
ֻǰ˿ԪɽǳȵģҲǸоһ֣
ҵΧ
ӰҲǾۼһǿŲԶ뺫֮ĳͻһҲȻԵõĺܣ
峤Ԫɽ϶Ъ˰
ǰҿҲðǲƤ̫ͷ϶ǲҪˣ
ǿǺ峤յĸŮײǹˡ
Ԫɽʱװ򶨣ǹְ
⣡
Щ˿ֵȻжˣǿԪɽӣһҲ䳰ȷ
֮ڣЩҵļԱһϾ˪һ㣬ˣ
峤룡
ԪɽһݵģҲЩ֡
һﵽʲộȻܹ˵Ĵݲȣ
ͣʲôͣ
ʥɽӦþ׼ҺҶҵо̤Ȫˣ
ʱͷﶼѾʥɽĺ
ﻹʲôνĹأ
ߣ嵹Ҫ«ʲôҩԪɽҸ㣬Ҫ滨ǿǲҴˣ
ƿԪɽҲŭһ˿ҲǳԪɽס˹ȥ
һԵĺ㿴źƳǸ˹ȥԱߵһЩӵӣʲôɣ

ĸ磬ҲǿBǸˣ
һ˼ҪBȢ֣û뵽Լ̧˺ңǾȻҲˣ
һκλϱɱ飬ҲҪBͷ
ǿԪɽӣҲЩġ
㿴Լĸİɸ磬峤Գ˭Ҳʹġҿ֮˵뺫峤ȥӦҪ˽ºͽ⣿ںҶôˣôܺͽأ
Žɵĵͷϣ˰ɣ
İɸ磬ҲҪB޸㣬ԵĶԺģ
ƶ˵ڵԼ
ţһẫ峤ʱ򣬱Ѫɺӵʱˣ
ֻǺôҲû뵽˿̵ĺƿ׵ʱҲһͷ
ףλ䶯ʥɽļһôܲʶأ
οȻ׵ݻûǰ׼ҵڶ峤飬ѾԼĴ纫ɽ˵ˣ
ֲ֮˵ĵԭɱ߾Ȼһ
ƺڳŲܺҿƵķչš




2961ĺ
 

峤Ժڣ
Ԫɽ̬úЩ׽ҪʲôĹܹôţ
ƲǿңʥɽҸǺˣҲʣЩˡ
οʲôʱ¹˭
Ӱܿıû峤ķڣֻһ˵ڰѣ
ˣˣ˺ҿ¡
ǲ֪峤ʱôܹЦóģ
峤ʢȻҵ˶֣ⲻ𣿡
ˣǻһô·ɣ
һ˽ǵı϶Ǿ֡
Ϊʲô˵λߣ
ʵǾڴźܹת⣬ΪһһԱʥɽʵĻǷǳġ
ͻȻǷ˭⣿
οǺĶֵĻҵ˼ҪߣҲ̫װ
źҵĸ峤Ƴ˹ȥ֮ܶжʼ
ɽ鷿ڣ
˿׺ȴźƵĵ
ڵײҪǣĿǰݣҵҪѹԼһͷҲǲܵġ
ף
ƿ׵ʱ˶һȦĸо
ʲôʱһﳶϹϵˣ
ǣȻѾ˺Ƶݣװ֪ʵ
˵Ҹ峤ƣ
ԭǺ峤
׿źƣƺȥ뺫һ޶
и̣һʵ̫ˡ
ԼȻضûУȻӵ츳Ŀ࣬˵һûзչŶѲ
ף֪ǺλϱնɱϢ𣿡
ƴ˿̻֮ǰĻƺѾǲ²⵽һЩ
һնɱĻôȷЩѰˡ
ΪڵݳְѧԱ֮⣬һݱǰ׼ҵĵڶ峤
Ȼڶ峤ʵϾһѣȴŵǰ׼ҵݣ
һԼ֣ʱ׼ҿҲĶԺҳ֣
Ϊʲô
Ϊ׼ҺײŵõôһλţҪλٶ
ܹ֪׼峤ǳ⣿
˵ʵƺ˰׼֮⣬еĳ嶼Ҫǰ׵ļһ
׿źƣ˵Ҫ·նɱ壬ǱҪľ㺫ѲɾͿҰ׼ҵͷʺ𣿡
Դǣ
׷ΪֱӳԼɱģ
ֻԭҲһͷƤ飡
ڴŲԼǰ׼ңЩٻĸо
ָоȷˬᰡ
ƼӿֳɱӲĶԼȥˡ
źɫǺģ׶Цˡ
ƿףĨһ˿ŭݵף㲻Ҫ̫Ϊ岻ɱô
峤һԣ֮ǰȥҰ峤ʱ򣬰峤صظ˵һЩ峤ҪҪһ
׿źƵӣʵѾ֪һԲֵܶġ
ҪֵĻ´ҲȲˡ
ڼȻ߸ԼۣôѾ˴Լʵ׼ˡ
ߣ嵹Ҫǳ˵ʲô
ƱѹЩǷǳıƣ
һδɵСӣȻѹԼʥڵǿߣָоʵ̫һЩ
ǺƻСûκεİ취
׿ź¶һ˿΢Ц峤˵ˣʥɽԺߣκεҶ֮ˣɱκ峤Գ峤ȻҪұ鷳ǴȥҰ峤
ߵıҲǳģǳô˵Ļأ
ʵİǳŵ̬ʮֵĲҲѾǶ޵ɱ
˵ⷬȴΣ
ǳô˵ĻʱǺһ²̨

ƿףŭһֵģ֣ϣĺһֱڣĻ
峤вˣҵø峤һˡ
ײϵĴ̼źƣԽǴ̼⺫ԽЩŵĸо
úúãõúܣǺҴᣡ
Ҳŭڣ̬ȣһҪˡ
ǲдǸ˲ܶĻ׻Ҫһﶯˡ
׵ӣƷȥһκҶĶˣ
Ϊ˲׼ͻѡ
׿ź뿪Ҳ΢΢һЦ峤ôҲһ˰²ˣ
ƺûһͷȥȭͷѾǷ
˿̣
㿴źɫ˳ҲǼҴҵȥ




2962½ٺ
 

ܲĹ㳡֮У
˵Ŀⶼ˺Ƶϣܶ⺫ֱ³һ֡ɱ
Ļ½ҹһѪϴ֮ҹˣ
Եʮֵأ
λƺҲѾɱ׼
ֻŸ峤һ仰׼ĥˣ
壬ôһ˳ˣ
㿴źƣҲǵɴ۾ʵ
ΪøղźƽȥʱʵӦѾҪˡ
û뵽Ȼһ˽ȥһ˳ˣûκεĴ֮
˵ʲô
˵˸ղŽȥ֮ʲôҲûз
ƿźȥɣ
壬˵ʲôȥ⡭⵽ô°ѲǺҵλϾôװ׵˲ɣ
һԵĺ𾪵Ŀźƣǲ֪ôˣ
ʲôʱһһ忪ʼˣ
ԲǺҵķҪ֪һǶԼļֶηǳļˣ
˳棬һɱ֮Ҳκεĺ³ģ
ںֱԼˣоԼ涼챻ˡ
ȻҲʺƣ̲סʵ
ҵź˵ߣȻȥ֮ڸˣ׼ҵҲɱǹְ
ס׼ңܣôµ𣿰׼ҵǴᶯһµģ
Ŭı֤ţ˵ļٻ
Ҫ֪Ǻҵһ֧ѣô׵ȥ׼ҵأ
˵֧ˣǺҵĵϵҲû˸ȥư׼ҵˡ
˷ˣ޿ܣ
Ľ׼ҵǰϵ֮˭ҵ
ټϺڰ׼ҵĵϵҲʶԸӲܳʲô֮ġ
ƵĻȻпһ£Լܸ׼ҵ˷κεĳͻ
ôһûеĻƾʲôںɽĸǰóأ
Ѳ㲻֪һ׵ˣڿǰ׼ҵĵڶ峤峤Ӧø߹ɣ
ô˵ʵҲǸˣǺҲ붯֣Ϊҵ˵˰׼ҵ峤ǲŷ˸
ʶʱΪܣ
һʥɽҲǵõϵ飡
԰׼ʥɽĵλ˭˿Ժǣ
ǺҿҲǲܵ飬ԺƴҲԵ˳ˣ
ףɵȷ˵ˣɡɸǳͻҵˣġʲôװ
ɫһ䣬˵ѹҲûмף
ΨһĿԾǺֵ֮һ˾λ꣡
һ뵽ߣ˸оˡ
ĻһλľưͳԻп˵ˣ
ߣǶ֮˾׺Ͱ׼ҵˣ˰ɣ߶۵ĸʲôúҶôˣ峤˻ȥ֮󲻰ǵƤ
ƴ˿ûطԭһֱΪ⺫ҲǸ˾
ڿŮԺҲһµ
һúҶôˣںɽҲѾΪȥʽˡ
һȻǿᣬɺ֪ԼĴ纫ɽԲΪһףǱİ׼ҵġ
ԣںҳʧѾǰ϶ˡ
ͺɫһƬңƺҲʶԣ
źȥıӰҲһƨ̱ҵĹ㳡֮ϣĿԵЩնޱȣ
һԵĺĻûиһʱزɣ
ź֮˳ˣҲһƬڣ
ԭ峤˾Ȼʶ׼ҵ峤ֲ峤˵а
Ҹղž˵ˣҸһһûµģǾǲţ
Ժ˰׼ңҿɾҪɻڴ˰
Ҳ˵̫磬˵ǸʵҲһ㰡ȿ˵ɡ
˿̣ҵԵʮֵļΣȹ֮һ˷ޱȣ
·һֽٺĸо
˿̵ǺԪɽǱ죬˵Ҫ׼ıطҶޱ֮Ļ
ֵۣӦҲμӰ׼峤ҶҴС֮ĳ״ɣԪɽüʵĪֵ۴춯֣
ôˣ׿Ԫɽʵ
Ԫɽ̾һֵۣ¹شʥɽĸֶüһãǸʱֿ¡
۷ʲô飬ǱìBˣģ׵˵
ƶӣBҲһǵ˵ʱҪʲôʣ͸ϽܣҪˣ
׹һЦBȾȳϪǾͻض۳ˣ
һ֮׵ӰҲǳ׵ʧң
һǵˡ




2963
 


ԭʥɽһǳͨӶѣ
ɾΪʥɽ׼ҺҶҵ֮գԵЩڲͬ
̤ȣ
ʵ̤ʥɽΪصĵطһǲ⿪ŵġ
Ϊ׼ʥɽӰսһλľٰʽ̤ȣ
˵ʥɽʷĵһΣҲпΨһһΣ
Գ׼ʥɽڲͬĵλ
̤ڣ
ǳһڰ׼ҵĸѾߣյֻ̤ҪǾǽֹκ
һ̤ȵĿţҲ˸ĺˣ
ǳԱߣطͰ꿋Sվһԣ˿̵İطһۣȥϲ
һԵİ꿋SƺЩʲô£ȥҲЩĲɣ
꿋Sҵ𣿡
ǳŰ꿋SҲüʵ
Դһ׽׼֮һкûиԼȻʧ˰׼ң
ԴԺǼһȻδֹ
ðǳŭѣҪ֪һҪطĻ£˳׳Ϊ׼ҵڶ峤飡
ͬʱҲΪ˹̰׼ʥɽĵλ
ϾΪܹ֮ͨ·¼֮ˣĳŶڰ׼ҵδһּıϣ
׾Ϫһ㣬ʧӰ٣
ǳæûʱȥѰףϾԼӵĴǰ
һӰǳҲæĺܣǸӴͷǳˣ
ѾǵΪؼӣû뵽һﾹȻûг֣
꿋SŰǳҡҡͷʱûʲôϢ˵쿴ˣ
ߣĻʱ򣬿֪һЩóǽ֣ǾͲҪֱ岻ɫˣ
ǳѾǽ߬УС֪һЩôĻˣ
СӲ֪ôĻĲСӡ
ôȥĻԺһʵǿ󵽲ܿƵĵز°׼һĻСӵУ
ǳ£ײΪ˰׼ܹȹԼĵλ
԰׼ĵλʵѾ൱ȹˡ
ǳ˵ųΪļҲǽ£ߣ
ֻһӵɣʵðǳ̲ѣ
״ˣ׻һЩʲô鵢أҿĻ
꿋SҲûκεİ취׵ͻȻʧԼкûдһ£ʵҲǷǳġ
ڿԼĸҪײҲǽ
һԵİطҲǵͷ״ˣտҵĴ֮գɵÿסοǳţһЩʵҲġ
ǣСӾȻΪǼһ˵֮ǰҺǵСĺܹܰСӴĺãʱúõĻôǰ׼ҵĵλǻ쳣ȹ̵ģ
ǳԼĶӣҲ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ԼĶӾȻΪ˵ԼĶƺһ̳˺ܶࡣ
һԵİ꿋SҲԼĴ磬ҲЩ졣
ԭΪط侮ʯأû뵽ԼĴ羹Ȼ˵
꿋SҲ̵ͷǰ״ˣܹɳǰ׼ҲǺôడ
Ѿͷһ˼һ𣿲֮ĲޣСܸоЩԾ
ǳֵĵʵǷǳǿȻʲôҲûз֣ƫƫ;˶Լв
ȻһвûУ
״ˣҲΪ˼忼ǡ꿋SŰǳȻǰ׵һЩ
֮ǰʹԼǵʱԼĸ׻߼֮гͻԼվһߣ
ʱİ꿋SЩΪȻԼĸ׷˵ײԾʱƺҲǾ쵽һЩԾĵط
Ϊƺÿһζܹ漣ǳɡ
ټ֮ǰԼֵʱȻõ˰ǺӰϵʶóص
꿋SԼҲǸоһЩԾ
Ϊʲôϻڸ׽̸֮ͷˣΪʲôһܹ漣
ΪʲôڼϪ֮ͻȻôķ
ּʵð꿋SҲǽŲѣ
ϸ˼֣
꿋SоԼ侲ƺһвٵɵ㣿
˵Լ˵֮Լĸ׻ײ
ˣ꿋SѰףΪط֮ǰһ£̤ȪҪȿһ£ط״֮Щ˱Խ̤Ȫˣ
ǳŲԶ̤ȪҲǳ
꿋SҲнŰǳĻ̵븸״˷ģ꿋Sһ˵ΪҰ׼Ч
طҲһԵǰΪǰ׼ҵ죬ײܶ
ǳȥƺѾ˼ƽϡ




2964
 

̤ȣ
ܶѾߣʱĳ쳣ĺ
ʥɽеĸּüһãĸּٷ֮߰ʮڴˡ
ĳ棬һεģ
̤Ȫһ̤ȪͻȻţúܶЩӦ
̤Ȫʮʢһѡε˲ҲǳĶࡣ
ǳԼĶӴ֮ǰѡ̤ȪʵҲģ
׼ʥɽΪǿļ壬ĵֶʮֵ
ʮ󳬼峤һѾվߡ
Ҳڴ̤ȪĿֻڿ֮ǰػҪȶġ
峤̤ȪҵȳÿҵλƺЩٰɣ
ɽȻ׼ҹϵǳĲȴɡ
ʵÿҵλһ̤ȿİ׼ȴκεơ
һԵаڰ׼Ѿ˽٣
֮ǰҸ峤Цͳڷƺ׼Ѳ˹ϵ
ټ֮ǰ֮ͨ·ֱ׼ҸҲǷ߷߲ƽ
һΰ׼ֹʼʩǿӰȥ̤ȪؼԵĶƽ⣿
аŰǳҲ˵ôһҪԹƽΪ
ߣ鱾Ѿˣ˭ʲôһν֮ұۣ
ǳƺûôķϻɨһȦΧ֮ȵ
ҫ쿴ŰǳӣҲЦһʥɽҲǳһܹİɣ
ҫ죬Ҫս岻ɣ
ǳû뵽һЩϵҫȻվ˳ҲЩŭ
Σ
ҫ쿴һԵİǳԽǷһ˿Ц
һμȻҪ֣Ǿɿʼɣ
ǳҫЦ˼ǰ׼֮ǰǲǶؼ̫ˣҶطĴ֮գҲȼƽϣ˭κε飬ǱҰ׼ΪУ
峤ˡ
״˿̻Ĵʵͽ̤֮Уֻñ˷֣ǰҲǷֲ˵ġ
ףˣ
ǳףҲĨһ˿޵Ц⡣
Цݸоһζ
̤ȵĿʵһʽĿǰ̤ȵܵλǿߵػýѡ
̤ȪֵһǿԽˣ
׼Ҫ̤ȪռΪУǵҰҲȻҡ
ʵϰ׼ҾҪһεĻᣬ룡
׵Ŀһ۰ǳ峤Ϊ׼ҵĵڶ峤ƺҲзȨɣ
˵ʲô˵һ飡
ǳΪԼˣû뵽СӾȻڸԼѣ
Ȼ˵ǰ׼ҵĵڶ峤ڶ峤һѣ
СӾȻҪȨЦˡ
Цŵ峤ڶ峤ҲǼʵˣͽʵȨ
Σ
ǳϳֳĶ֮ɫ
һﵱô˵ֱЩ²̨ˡ
ам˵峤һһԾŶ峤ڰ׼ǿһ֮֮ϵ˰Ű峤˵㻰֮ˣ峤ΪΣ
峤Լǣ̤Ȫԭʥɽ˹ͬĶ峤Ϊ׼ҵĵڶ峤ȻзȨ
ɽа˿̶֪ѾǽĽڵĴ֮ˡ
ǳ΢˫ۣƺоһɲͬ
׵״ʲôط˵ĵȻҵڲԼӣ
ټ֮ǰҫͺɽ˵ǿᣬǳ˿Ǹоһ˿Σ
˵ڱƹĻʱ̤ȪķҪıһ£
ֻ벻ͨǣʲôʱ˹ˣ
񳳷죬ʵΪ̤Ȫ
֪ǣ̤ȪʥĽݾ˭ϣԼܹУƣ
˵ϴΪ棡
峤˵Цˣ峤ԣȻҰ׼ҵĵڶ峤ôܲȨأɣ峤ҪʱֱӸ˵ɣ
ǳһϡĻֱ˶Щƿԣ
ȻǴӦˣɵʱֻʣ˵ʱ׻˵Ļ
׹һЦ峤˵㻰ʵĺܡȻ׼ޣǱֻҪһٸָڳļ塣
㡭ǳû뵽һǵű̧ͷ˶׵ȷ
ʥɽϲ֮£ֲ֣峤ĳΪ׼׬˿ڱŶ
׵ҲԴһ˿ĳ֮ɫ
һԵ˶Щˣǿԭ򲢷ô˵һ﹫ȻưǳȨ
ʲô
ã⹦͡ǳһĿļ̤ȿ




2965»֮
 


ǳδôһ̸о˵ı
֪ΪʲôҲ֪Сӵ
ѲɾΪһν
ͷûгɳܹ֮Ϊţ
ǳֿһ˿̵ЦݣСӼȻôĶԴԼ˵ӵҰѾ¶
ǳЩڸһ˸ߵĵλˣ
ɱ
ǳȻôģ˵츳ɱ˵ǿϧˡ
ֻпƴ˲Ψһ;
֮УΨһֶοƱ˵ģ¾ħڵˡ
ڵİǳϵǹ˵ˡ
׾ûһ㣬վǸط
̤Ȫ
˲δУǳһ˹ȥ
Ϊһε̤Ȫǳֻһʽ뷨ǵȰطҶޱ֮п
οôһңǳѾЩҲסˡ
Щǿ߷׷ȥȴһվ̤Ȫıϣƺȥ˼ʲô
ףǺö
ʵҲΪµģղԼʾԼһᣡ
ûа취Ҳֻܹˡ
ȻҲǸܵڲͬʶȴҲޡ
ǸȵĻǼֱС׼ˣ
棬ʲô
׿棬ҲЩƵʵ
Сӷˡ
ЩصĿЦŵԭЩɺһӱþӵġ
ֺǺǵʵ棬ļٵİһ̤ȪҾܷˣ
̤Ȫӿȷô˵˻ЩôģǶ˵ҲǱˮн
濴ףҲźһĪӡ
ʶɨһ֮Щɻʵ棬˵ʵûиоⶫʲôİ
ʵǸܲģ̤Ȫӿν̤ΪʲôһֱܹѲû𣿡
濴ף˵ģ
׿Цŵ棬ֱ˵ɣҡⱻŪͣʵЩܰ
СӼҿһ㶼˵ˣⶫǼҲ΢΢һЦ
棬ǲʲôö֧̤ȰЦʵ
Ц˼ԭΪСӵǺãҲŷСӵѾúˣֱ˰
죿ô˵ⶫҲǲˣ
Ҳֿ˻˵Ļ׬ˡ
΢΢ҡͷ粻Ȼԣ
˵ҷˣһΪⶫҲеأɽĶٺã˵ҲǼ߰
׿棬˵Ҳʵ
ɽĶǷǳСˡ
ô˵ɣⶫ綼ڣΪʲôɢΪⶫ滹һʯ壬ʯɢģ
˵˴ҲЩ
Ķ棬㡭ҿЦ
ԭΪⶫǸߣⶫ֮׵±ˡ
ѲνĻĶ
˵ǻʼһ磬ضǿǰڻֵУֱ
ɽôлĶأ
ƶϣǶӦǻ֮Ϊʶ͸ˡ
һҲ֣µ˵
磿Ķҵ˵ҲƨûаʲôҲûаɣ
׾ϲ֮࣬ҲƵ̾һ
ѾûʲôõĻԼҲһп޵Ķѣ
Լ綼ûнأֱңɼ밡
ֻ˵һ㣬Ǽؾ֮ڣǷ豹һ硣ǶǻĶ˵ɽ˿ãͨҲǷǳá
΢΢һЦ˽һЩġ
ֻ˽ƺҲֻƤëѣҪ˽磬»ĽӴأ
ô˵Ҳȷⶫǲǻˣ
׿ӣҲƵ˵
ôʯǺöĵǲǻĶֻܹһˣ
ղΪʲôôȴֳٳٲ˵
ʵҲǲ̫ȷ浽ʲô
˵ˣ׷ЩȻˣο浽ʲô֪أ
棬ܲܵõ˵أֻɣҪľǰ⡭
׿棬ҲЩε˵
ţ֮ԺҲдôˣȳ֮ŮԺһҪ취̤Ȫ֮Уʱ飡
ҲЦЦȻԼֱչȥˡ
εĿЦһų״ķ˹ȥΪ״Ҫʼˡ




2966³Ů麺
 

̤ȵڣ
ټռؿ˵֮׼ܲҪ
˶ıͣҲԵ쳣Ŀ
꿋SһֱѰףô֪Ѿǽ̤أ
˿̣
طҶޱĴ鼴ʼ꿋SȴѾȥ˵ˡ
ΪһǾҶޱ
꿋SҶޱһֱ֮ѣΪ꿋Sڰ׼ԵЩڲͬѱ֮һ׼֮ҪһЩ
ܶ೬ӵȻ̫ϲ׼ңɶڰ꿋SӡǳĲġ
ټϰ׼ҺҶҶ֪ҶޱҪ޸طһð꿋SҶޱߣʵҲΪ˷ֹʲôʡ
״Ľţ
Ϊİ׼ңȻվϵٹ⡣
ȻǳףʵҲǰ׼ұչʾԼʵһ
̤ĳ֮У
ҶޱŰ꿋SصӣҲЩƣ
˵ʵӦѻŶԣŪĺҪ޵ǰ꿋Sһ㣬Ǽ޸һԼļһ
Ҷޱһ̺Ȼ֮ǰĺǸһ
ף
Ǽһ˵ҪԼģһֱڶûϢ
ҶޱҲǿЦô׵Ļأ
꿋S㣬ô˰ôһأ
ҶޱŰ꿋SӣҲԼϵĺͷʵ
꿋S΢΢ҡͷû£ԼһЩûдá
ðɣԺҾҪħ˰
Ҷޱڰ꿋Sĸǰʲô˵ģһԼĸִԼ׼ңҲޱȡ
˵ҶޱѾˣջǱһȥˡ
ȻˣһҶޱ׵ĻԼġ
һѹϢûҲͰˣҪǣôĳҲûˣ
ޱһ˵ԼܻģȻ޸Ҹ磬ܳȥˣΪʲôҪأ
꿋SҶޱҲЩʵ
Ҷޱ̾һһһͻȻҵŵҳ׵ʱңΪһˣ
㣿ޱôҲҶҵĴС㣬Ȼᱻһ˵ĻƭˣҪܹ˵ְ
꿋SҶޱҲ¶ЩЦݡ
ʵǺأ
ҶޱȻľ뵽֮ǰ׵ӣһӰһֱԼĸǰơ
ĸŮ
ûһܹҶޱôĳݣˡ
ŵģҶޱЩԼҪˣ
Ǹʲôأ
꿋S˿̶ҲĸоȻһʵ񲢲ǿǹӾȴϲĺܡ
šʵͨʵһֱ䣬ҪԶôšʥɽЩνĳȣһڲͬʣʷǳˣ
ҶޱԺ֮ж׵ӰӣȻ֪һﲻ
оƵǣһֱûзϣ
ּһȷҸǲͬʵҡҲһ꿋Sһ뵽ףһԸ
꿋S㣬㡭Ȼϲ˰
ҶޱŰ꿋SҲǿЦƺʲôһ㡣
С㣬Ҹ㲻һҸûκʵԵĽչʶʱҲģ
꿋SЩߐҶޱ˵ʵЩһԸѡ
ҶޱЦһ꿋S㣬ҸǸһ֮Ҳһģ˵һѰɣҾͼһζѣ
Ļˣʥɽʲôط㲻᲻֪ɣɽ绹û˸˵Ҫʥɽ˵ģǰ׼ҺҶ֮㿴˶ٸ֣
꿋SҶޱҲƵ˵
ԭ꿋SΪҶޱ氮ûƭ
û뵽Ȼֻһ棬ɵѡ
꿋S㣬͵ɵɣĸŮ˲йأֻʵֲ˰ˣοһλʵҲΪҶң
ҶޱȻ׵ĳɷ֣ʵҪΪҶҵİΣ
꿋Sͷðɣ״ҪʼˣǻվԶɣһӦ͵̨ء
ˣ
һŽ˵ĶУ˿һһͳĺŽǷ·Ŵ˿̵ׯϣ
˵Ŀⶼ˶ĸ̨֮ϣ
λ𣬻ӭʥɽμҰ׼峤طҶСĳ״䡣°׼Ҹ峤״׼״俪ʼ峤ϲѶ
ף
׼ҵĸ峤Ҳǰ׼ҵĳ֮һ
ȹȷ̾Ϊֹ
ֻ˶ЩֵĿף״ôϲأ




2967׷
 

Ŀ
̤ȵĿţúܶ˶Ĺע׼ҵĻ£
ɵȵʼʱ˵Ŀⶼۼߣ
Ͼ׼ҺҶҵغʥɽδƣܶ˶ҪʥɽδΣ
׼ҽ˻ӦҲ֤Լǿʵܶʥɽ֪ͨЩ嵽жôǿ
䣡
ǳһ̤޷Զȥ£
һúܶ˸ܵ׼峤ǿᡣ
ǳ΢΢ɨһˣ㿪ڵطҶСҶޱĳ״䣬λ̧ʥɽ̤ȣĳڴ˸лλĵ
ϲ峤
һƬɽХȻкܶ˸磬ȴس
УܹܵǰǳȻĵλ
˵֮һƬ֮ɫǶôϣԼһܹ峤أ
ǳ΢΢ͷɱһ飬Ǳλڴ̤ȪȻڱγ״֮󣬻ļɳ̤Ȫ
̤ȪѾˣ
˾Ƕ֪£û뵽̤ȪѾˣ
ʵϳȥϡ٣ǺܶΪһܹͷѪ
ǲడ
ܹƿʥɽҲûеģ
׼ң˭ܹǳȻĵλأ
ǳͷλ԰̤꣬Ȫ̤ȪѾڴ֮ǰ͹ˣ̤ȪҲѾǻֺˡ
ʵϣ
ܶ˸֪̤Ȫкܶ˶û˵̤Ȫ
Ժܶ˲δ˼̤Ȫϣǳ˵ܶҲƲѣ
ǿƶĹҲǿߵϷ
ЩļǼûʲôġ
ǳˣڶϲ±ҶСĻ񣬴²Ҫ˵ʲôˡ
峤ǻһϲµʲô
ЩѾȲˣ̤ȪĿûκεĹϵ˵Ҳ㲻ʲôϲ¡
һΰ׼峤飬ǳ˳Ǯ֮⣬ûκεĺϢ
ԺܶΪϲ»ǻйϵ
ǰ׼һںЩС뷨Ȼᣡ
ϲʵԭûеģֻΪ׵ĳ֣ǳŶ˵ϲ£
ŰǳЩ峤ɫģǳ΢΢һЦϲ±Ұ׼ϲ񳬼סʽΪҰ׼ҵĵڶ峤ڰĳ
˭ôû˵
׶û˵ǿ˲õﰡѧԺ֮ͨ·Ѳû˵𣿡
Ҳ˵һǼģ֮ͨ·ĳŰ
ǰ˿νǹһˣ֮ͨ·Ψһ֮ͨ˰
ҵĹԹԣ峤˵ľ׼̫˰
һߴߴǺܶ˶˵׵ġ
û˵֣һ˵¼ҲǺܶ˶֪ġ
ʥɽ׵ּ˵Ǹ֪ˡ
ף
ǳףһε¶һ˿Цݡ
ʵǳıѾãԺһΣҪúˣ
Ŀ֮£һĳŸ̨֮˹ȥһݳȵȾúܶ̾Ϊֹˡ
峤Ȼ˵㻰
׿ŰǳҲ΢΢һЦǲ̬úܶ˶һĲ졣
˿ܹΪ׼ҵĵڶ峤һӦǸжµġ
ϾŵҲһѣ
峤Լ׼ҵһǿĴڡ
ڴûгɳӦǼֺ̺
˵Уһѹûһ˿԰ǳ֮⣡
һŵǧôأǳ׵̬ȣѾŭա
֮ǰ̤ȪСѾǰԼһ
ûа취ټϽѹҲûа취׳׵ķ
˵ڵİǳưͳԻп˵
׹һЦ峤ȻһŵǧӦûǵ֮ǰ֮һֽɣ
ȻǵãȻҰ׼ˣȻǳʮġŮ˶ѣȻŮɫǱˣ
ǳ֪˵һ仰ǸԼһӡ
׿Űǳ˵ǺãĺӣǶ˳ŵΣ
죿
ǳоһ˿Ϊ֮ǰ̤Ȫ;ôЩ
ͻȻó֮ǰǩ鷢ѣ
ǳԲΪһΪǺӡ
ǽ죡
׿ŰǳҲǵ˵




2968µһŮˣҶޱ
 

̤ĳ
۳۾³ӦǰμӰ׼峤طҶСҶޱĻ
ԭҲǴոֶѣʥɽ۳Ҳô£
³Ҳֻϯļα֮һֻǵǸ׵ļһ֮ܵҲ㶣
ף
һ￴ȥʮֵϤһӱһˣף
һ˵̬СӺƣ
³ɻԴԣС׵ĻȻҪὫնɱ
ֻ³Ҳɻѣûκε֤ݣ
ΨһܹĿ¾Ǿˣ
ʥɽ³ҲһСѣ˵׾ǰ׼ҵһ߹
˾ףҲǱQ䣡
ʱ»Ҫð׼ҵ˶䷢ˡ
˿̣
Ҷޱ֮أ꿋Sɫ˲俪ʼЩ
׳ֵһ̣Ҳ쳣ĵǣѾǳ
꿋S㣬ôˣ
ҶޱŰ꿋SһֱǽĶǸͻȻֵĽ׵ӣҲЦʵ
ûûô
꿋S˵Щ״ˣĿûгҶޱȥ
еļǷ׵ϣ
ôҲû뵽һԼĸ֮ȻԼ
Ůˣ
һﾹȻԼĸҪŮˣǿ벻̣
ѲĸоԼϲ
꿋SҲЩŲѣŮ֮Լһأ
ʱԼӦǲӦأ
꿋SһƬΪ׼ҵĴС㣬ȻԸ˷ˡ
֮ûκεĸԣһҲǸͽҲ˵أ
ûô꿋S㣬㿴ˣҲǿ֮еĳ˰ŮӢۣ⵹بŲġο˵ȷϲ
ҶޱЩ٩˵
꿋Sû˵ֵͽӣ˲źء
ķǣ
ҶޱŰ꿋Sǽ飬Ҳǲм˵
꿋S̾һ˭֪أԭһΪ
꿋S㣬ЩѵûпӦòļǰ׼ҵļĻҲҸ峤ˣ
ҶޱҲԵķ顣
꿋Sͷһһֱҵĸ״˻
ղŲ˵Ǹɫ֮ͽӦÿƵİɣ
ҶޱŰ꿋SҲЩƵʵ
꿋SҡҡͷһһֱЩ˿ҸоҲЩƺǰ׼Щɼ
㲻߰峤ҶޱЩʵ
һ߸״ˣͻˣ꿋SϳֳһĨʹ֮ɫ
Ҷޱ̾һ꿋Sϲ˰ֻ»ð峤ѿһﵹ
˭
꿋SҶޱһֱЩҶޱ˵˭
Ҷޱ΢΢ҡͷˣǹȥˣʵҪ˵꿋S֪˭ˣҲ˵Ϊ˵˿»֣֮
ðɣȻ㲻˵ĻǾȲҪ˵˰ɣҵҪһﵽҪʲô꿋Sҧݵ
Ҷޱİ꿋Sĸ첲꿋S㣬Ҳͬˣ
˵Ŀһεļе˶׵ϣ
Զ
׿ŰǳҲһĨŵЦݣ
ǳһֱԼ㣶УҲŭɶ
ĳϣҪ̵ס
ȻӦˣǱ㲻ƴǣ˵ɣ㵽ҪŮˣ
ǳףҲֿһ˿Ц
峤ˬ찡
׳Űǳ˴ĴָҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
ǳ׵ף㵽ҪŮˣ˵
׵˵һŮˣҶޱ
ۣ
˶ڿźϷΪǸ׵ļһﲻ¶ѣ
ڵ˵ðǳ²̨ԼͿԵõԼҪˡ
Ҳ룬Ժӻأ
һѲΪһ͹ˣ

ҶޱҶҵС㣬Ҳǰ׼峤طţⲻǴ׼ҵʲôأ
ǳҲڵŶ֮вɱ
ΪԼǩһֽ飬ھֱܹնɱһˡ
ǲǲ
ǳַֻһ˵Ĺͷײ
Ŷ׵û˵һ飡
׿Űǳ˵֮֮£ҶС㲢Ҫ޸Ķӣ֮ҲԼȣȻ峤ǩֻѺ飬ҪҶޱӦòְɣ




2969µڶŮˣϪ
 

Ȼư׼ң
˼û뵽ϲֱӱɥµĸоʵЩ̼
ף
λ׼õڶ峤ĳһ̹Ȼ׼ң
˲ͬʱҲΪ׸оϧ
Ҳôҷ
ͳһΪ°׼ҲŹˡ
ǳɫ˿У˶ǴҴһʱռƺ
Զ
꿋SҶޱԭҪ׵ôѡ
꿋SоԼһʱضܹQ
ôҲû뵽һһѡŮ˲ԼȻԼԵҶޱ
ʲô
꿋SɫһƬĲ죬һԵҶޱҲһͷˮ
ҶޱԱߣ˸Ҷޱ֮ʲô
ɸղҶޱһԲα
ΨһĽͿֻҶޱܹԼˡ
꿋SҶޱɻʵޱʶ
ʶѹҲʶһﲻǳĳҵİɣ
ҶޱһҲڵԿ϶ԼԲʶһ
ΪʲôͻȻ˵ĻҲȦˣ
꿋Sҡҡͷ϶ʶģղû˵֮Լ𣿡
ԼɡҲǸԼǸ
Ҷޱһ˵˴Ȼ䷢һ⣬Ѳ˾ף
ܰ
׵Ļôܽأ
׵Ļôĸأ
ޱһﲻ˵Ǹ˰ɣ
꿋SоһĿЦĻô˿ͬһ֮ˡ
ҶޱɫһҡҲ֪
˵Ǹ˽ʲô֣꿋SҶޱ˿̵ѾЩͱˡ
ҶޱŰ꿋Sʶ˵֡ף
Ҳ֣꿋SһûзӦܿɴ۾㡭˵ǲǸɽĶ۾ף
ɡӦòİʵҲܸʥɽ˶Կˣ
Ҷޱоһ˿ۣĻôܻᱻҸͷˡ
Ȼȷ˵ǲ
꿋Sɫһ䣬λ۾츳ʮֵĴ棬ѱѲһֱԼݣӽǰ׼Ŀĵģ
꿋S㣬׵ĻҾҪΪˣ
ҶޱϳֳһĨᶨ֮ɫ˼Ϊôأ
Ҷޱ᳦ڿп׵˳ĸǰޱȵĸ𣡣
꿋S΢΢һ̾ȿ˵ɣ˭춼һˣ
꿋SѲϣ𣿡Ҷޱʵ
꿋SƵ˵µҶܹƵס𣿼Ҫ¸Ҳӵģ
ɫĿⶼǼ׵ϣ
ͬʱ
ǳǿˣ쳤ХƺʲôЦЦһ㣡
ɫʵףǹְû˸ҵ˵ô˵ûУ
ĳֵˣ峤˵㻰ɣ
Դ˵첻ֿ϶ǲˣ
Ȼˣֺααװأ
ߣ˵˵ڶŮ˵˭
ǳھɵҲ֪һ׼Ѿһˡ
оˣԼһĵһڵĿ棡
һʼ֮ͨ·ڣһһԼȫơ
ԼȻҪЮԼɺ޵ԼСӿһɫ֮ͽ
׿Űǳ˵峤һԾŶĳ֮ڶŮʵǰ׼˵ǸҲ˵ء

ǳһסˣһһһ˵ԼɽƵģһӻûзӦĹ
ȷǻȻ峤ѯˣĳȻ֪޲޲֮ǰĳڰ׼ҿһλ֮ĹΪĳöżȤŮӶڰ峤Ȼãȫĳɺã
׿Űǳɴһ˿޵в
սߣ
˵ҶޱѾǽս˰׼ҵĵߵĻô˵Ļǳ׵ð׼óԼĵߣ
ǳӦǲ˹ˣ
Ůˣһǰ׼Ϊӵ֮Ϫһǰ׼ҵϱ
һ˴ˣǴ˰ǳ棡
һʱ䣡
̤˹֮УǹѹֵĸоһЩʵ֮ѾǸоЩˣ
ɴʱλ׵ļһȴվڰǳĶ棬һɾµĸо
ѧԺѧǿ˴֮жһɳݺĽ֮飡
ܶ˶ôһͰ׼峤ôİ
û˸ôȴһ˸ˣ
ѵֵǼ
Ϸһǿʼˡ




2970ޣף
 

Ϫ
׼ҵۣҲʥɽĽɴڣ
û뵽һﾹȻ쵽˵ĵزʵǺţ
ҶޱǰϪκһŮ˶ڰ׼˵ֻҪһǾǳĴ
ǳ˿ɫѾ˼㣬κ˶ܹλʥɽһǿߵϸоǹɺصɱ
ףôĵӣ
ǳԱߣ׼Ҹ峤ŭһеķɽѾǳˣ
׿Űǳʵ峤Ҫ˵㻰ˣû뵽ɽһ壬ȻҲԶ֮ˣ
ֻŮˣȴûܹ
ǳף˿ҲǺ˼Լˣ
˵棬˱ƵģԼʲôԣ
ǱǰһŮеκһĻ°׼Ҳɨˣ
һ̣
ǳЩԼľ
Ǹʱ׵츳ʵǺޱȣôܲȥ˼أ
ѾγɣҲƵƵӿֳɱ
ǿ²ǰ峤Ӧòĵˣοƺǰ׼ҵĵڶ峤ɣҪŮˣŮ˲ǻʥɽǻڰ׼𣿡
׿Űǳӳ˵ĻǾͷǳˣ
ֻ֪ȱƹڰǳ˵ʵûκε壡
ǳһѡĻᣬ㽻еԼ飬һһеĻǿݹֱ岻ˣŮˣŮѡ
峤ҪŮ㲻ҲҪŮӲҪңνѡô
ͱ˵ķʵһҲûκεĹ˼ɣ
㾿ʲôˣ
ǳ̲סˣһƬı䡣
׵Ŀһ۰ǳȻ峤ҵȤޱкηޣף
ˣ
ױ¶ݵһ̣˶Ŀɿڴ
ȻǶ۳ֵ۾⡭ôأ
ǰȻûϳλɽʵǡ
ԣǿݿʼˣȻû˷ı״
λ۾һֱɽĴֻû뵽һССĵ۾ȻҸʥɽΣ
ϧˣһ˾أ
һ˿һԼݣҲǼѣ
ֻ˲֪Ϊʲô׻ͻȻ԰׼ҷأ
ףߣԭ㣬û뵽㾹ȻϷˣҰ׼ңһССĵ۳۾Ȼô֪ʲô𣿡
ǳһֱ׵ɣ
ֻû뵽׾ȻǶ۳ĵ۾ף
ף̤Ьٴȫѹ򰡣
³죡
һҲǰεضվ˰ǳԣ
³ۣǶ۳ĵ۾ף
³׽֣ǳҲ֪ġ
ǳʵҲǾ̾ڴ˵ķչٶȣǷչҲʥڵˮ׼
ʥɽʥ֮˲˵һץһҲӵмٺʥǿߵģ
һʥ֮ˣȻսʥɽϣ
ʵ˸оЦĺܣ
³죬Ҫɱ㣬練ƣûմ㣬޹һȥ
׿³죬Ҫնɱ³첻Ƿַӵ飡
ĿɲһСС³죬Ѿˣ
ΪƾʵҲҪʥɽΣֱǸЦ
³Ǻ׵һֱǷ˼㣡
Իʳ֮ȻҪսԼ۳ϣһ۳ȻҪսʥɽ
һﲻ
³Ҫ۵Լһʮǧ
ǳץ޵ĵۺҪˣѲʲô𣿡
ĿŰǳ֮ǰԼûдﵽزҲ׵˵ġ
ǽ죬ѾΪ׼
ŮˣǳüףԴױ¶Լݣһˡ
Ϫ޵Ůˣ㽻Ҳ׼һɸΪ񲯣ǰ峤һеĻôȻǵɽ𺣣ȴҲҪһ
һ̤磡
ǳЦ˼ƾ㣿һССĵ۾Ȼ츳ȷˣɼ츳ٸΣҪһֻϣñ嶯֣
ǰ׼ҽݺУеǵõ߶ʧ߹Ϊǰ׼ʥɽܹһ峤峤ڣ
˵ŲԶаͺɽҲǺȵ
ҡҰ׼ҹͬˣѲΪһ㲻ɣɣʥɽ˭Ұ׼ң
ǳм˵һ˿̺аͺɽʲôأ
һܣ֪λ峤벻һ
׿ŶаͺɽҲĨһ˿ŵЦݡ
аͺɽ׵ӣҲԥ




2971Ƶİǳ
 

ܣ
аͺɽЩɵĿף
Ȼ˵Ҳټ׼ô꣬µĻҲǻվڰ׼һߵġ
ֻÿ˶νܶǷǳĺ棡
ǳаͺɽ˵峤峤ʥɽڲìȻʥɽԶ½ʥɽˡ֮ı죡
峤ȻǺüıһɱҺͺҵˣ˸һίߣ峤޳ܰ
ÿ˵һ仰ΪһѺ
Ϊһʵʲô˵
ʲôܹ˵ţ
˲֪
֪һϷӦܲˣ
λ۾ôķ䱳϶ǿԮġ
ֻ˭Ҳ֪˵ǿԮ˭
˵ʲôΪƾĻƿھҪҺͺҵҲ̫峤ͺ峤ˣ
ǳм˵һﻹΪԼʲô˲ģ
һ۾оһѣ
Ǵڳɳһʱ䣬ܹɾһΰҵ
ʵߣܹʲô˻
峤ƺҵҲ㹦򣬼Ȼˣһкη
аŰǳҲĨһ˿ŹֵЦݣ
׼ΪУ
ҲôԼλܵЦ治ܹװ׵ľô˰ɣ
֮ǰԼλܵĵطͷѪ
׼һѲ˵ĸϵأ
ǳڲ˵аȴ׻֪ʲô
֪ĻҲӦòɣ
Ҫǰ׼ΪĻôҲվڰ׼һˡ
ǳаŭһ˵ߵڰ׵ʮ֮ǿսթĺܣ
峤˵˵ҲʱѣµģñҲҪܹ˵ʲô
ɽЩ֣֮ǰһﵱնɱԼĳϣ
Ϊǰ׼ҵĵڶ峤Ժʱû׷
Ҫһﵽ˵ʲô
Ǽ飬ƺҲûгʲô̫顣
ԼĶӺʥɽûҵ֮⣬Ҳûκεźɽ
ɣҵҲûжа
ǳŭһãҲҪ㵽ʲôܣ
ݸһЦȻĻҲҴˣ׼ɸֽɱҸ峤Цҳ飬峤᲻ϰɣ
ߣ֪Ҫ£֤أ
ǳ֪Ҫ飬û֤ݵҾԲܸ׼ҷġ
Ϊ׼ҷĴʵЩ
οǳΪû顣
ԣ˵ĻҲǵʮ㣡
׵˵֤ݣһȻ֤㡣峤
ߣףǺƺûзʲô顭
ɽף¿ǺҾûˣ
ҪһﵽҪʲôѰ׼뺫ҺҵĹϵ
οķҺͺ׼ҵĹϵ
ѲǾһҪ
һӦڶģֻĵĴЩ
һˣǿɾ֮ذ
Ҹ׼ۣһﻹϵԼ
Ŷ峤ô𣿰׼ҼȻҶҶ֣ȻҲǸҶԺҶ֡Ű׼ҰǺӰϷ֮󣬰峤Σʮ㣬ҪһЩֶǡ
Ǳ٩٩̸˿̰ǳҲŭɶ
¡
ǳֱһȭ׵ķֿȭϮ
أ
аͺɽͬʱֹ˰ǳǳŭһаɽʲô
峤αôżأа˵Ī仰Ҳ˵ˣղž˵ˣ뺫峤ж
Իڣɱƽķŭߣ͸һʱ䣬Ǵ˻ҳƱ壬ǿɾ͹ֲñˣ
ǳзŭѣֻоһĻЧѾֳˡ
Ϊаͺɽ֮еȤѾȫıˡ
ֵۣҺҵôˣɽҲüʵ
峤ѲͲǺҵ峤ΪʲôһֱڶѶ𣿡
׿źɽҲǷʵ
˵ʲôôˣɽпһ¡
׵˵ˣ
ʲôܣܣɽЩ·Ǳجĸˡ
ǾҪʰ׼ҵ峤ˡ
״˿̿˰ط֪ԼĻŵġ
ǰ׼峤Ļأ




2972·˵İ峤
 

̤ȣ
˿ӣоһǲǷ˰
طλ׼ҵ峤ĳϣ
һǸɵӰɣ
ο˽طʵ֪һһߣӲκ˷У
¶ϣôأ
ǳ׵ĻҲǳ׵סˡ
ԼĶ˵һĪǸӣ
ԼĶ˽𣿸û飬Բܳϵġ
οǹϵ׼⣬Ҳܳϵġ
аͺɽҲͬʱü
ðط飿ǲǰҺͺ׼ҷֱıԵ
ɽЦһֵۣԭ߿һۣû뵽ȻС
ҵȻطѲ˵ɣҲûԵ֤֤ǰ׼ҵ˸ɵġƶҵȺô
аҲŭһ
طϵģ
ʱҲ׼˺οǱأ
ǰ׼ģʱҲûд׼Ҷ֣Ͼձ
׼ɽô꣬ƾʲô
аκ˶֪׼ҵʵжôĿֲ
ҺͺҼڰ׼Ҳǳ
峤ͺ峤̬ǱȽذ׼ҶôǣǶ̵ܹסʵ˹Ŀ࿴
׳ԳѲɲ֪˵ô
ҺͺҶҪˣȴֲĸ׼ҳͻ
ײϲ
ӺɷνΪ
ⶼ۸ˣȻҲҷ˰ʲôأ
ҲûָҺͺʲôĹ׳
Ψһ뷨ҺͺҾܵ׼ң˵ѹҪСܶˣ
ֵۣſڴƻƣΪûа취ɣаҲŭˣ
峤
ײٴаһߵİط
˿̵İطҲһƣеһЩȥ
֪ǲ˵ĻԼ϶֮ˡ
˲Ϊ
طҧҧһԵİǳ״ˣۡҪȻͳ˰ɣ
ˣ
ǳŰطĻһ߸ߣ
ĳһ̣ΪԼˣ
ôҲû뵽ԼĶӾȻô˵˵ĻеĻ
״ĪʱնɱЦ棬ǺʱɱˡԭҪɱģɡˣ
ط˵ɷ£һʱ̤ȶоˣ
ɣҲҳϣ
ǰֵۿˣֻҪطʲô֤أ
⵽ʲôоΰ
ĪطҪλֵˣ
˽һľʧ룬Ϊһȷ˴£Һͺһп׼˺
ʱʥɽһƬսˣ
ӣ֪˵ʲô𣿡ǳɫͨ˵
û뵽ԼΪεĶȻͱԼһ
״ˣǰ׼ʥɽһ壬ֺαؾأҺͺҾ֪ΣǾҪ֪ɱǵˣҲţ
طſģĸԼ֮ǰֵĲ࣡
аͺɽ˴ǼͬʱŰطķϮ
¡¡
˫ȭ֣
ǳһ֮סаͺɽ峤峤ɶ췢ģûжһߺ֮˶ֹʵεĺܣݱ࣬Ȼλһ
ǳӶô˵ڻ˵ʲôɱ˳ĵ㲻᲻ɣ
ɽѾǲˮԼĶӾȻˣ
־Ȼ˵Ű裡
ΪӣҲԲܲ˼һµģ
ȻҲʱ׼Ҷ֣Ǽϲò
ǳ΢΢׵㡭㵽ʹʲô֮Ҷ
ǳղѾ˵ˣõ߶ʧ߹޽ǰΪ˿ǰ׼ҳ
һҲɽӣ
ţҽ£
ǳһ̲סҪˣ֪һԲ
Ϊ̫ˣ
̬ɷչȥĻµʱ׼ҾҪ븹ܵеľˣ
ȻҲ֪׵ʲôȻԼĶ˵Ļ
׵˵޻Ǿ仰޵Ůˣ޿Բ׼׷ɱ޲ˣ
ƾ㣿챾Ҫ㵽ߵó߲̤ȣ
ǳߣ˲ۼ˴ʥ֣һǽΧˮйͨ
峤ץ˶۾Ůˣ˼ҲҪԼĵۺѣôƺ̫˰ɣ
˽ΪҪ군ˣɾʱһӰȴ˵ĸǰ




2973¿ֲĺ
 

ҫ죡
һ̳˵֮Уֻ˭Ҳû뵽һؼҾȻһվˣ
ҫ죬Ѿǰйᣬͼң
ǳ֮ǰѾǿһЩߣһؼҲ
ؼսҲҫҫ
ؼ˳ţѹҲһһѣ
׼ôʥǿߣôܻһССؼأ
ǳ׼һֱѹ壬ռ̤ԴΪԼıȡ˽峤˵乫ѣ
ХһҲվ˳
󳬼ֱ׼ҷȳ˿ۻң
ߣֲһôеԭ϶ڱͦΪƾҪҰ׼Բɣ
ǳҲǾ㵲ѣϻɵĴݲȣ
ҫ쿴Űǳǳ֮ʥɽΣж󣿱˭οǰϪֵ֮ޣʲôʸռű˵Ůָֻţ
ΪǰϪ֮壬ԱΪ²ŽѺ
ǳŭһ˵ġ
һΪ²ƺֱӾͿԶס֮ڣ
ֻǰǳʵû뵽׾Ȼ˵ֱؼҺ¼ҵ
ѲǾͲ°׼ҵķ񱨸
ǳӴһϣ
ǳҺӴҲһϣ
ڰǳҫХŭ֮ʣаͺɽͬʱԼ
ô˵ҲҪվǼһһˣ
ǳĨһ˿ЦݣȻûκεĵ֮ɫ
а뺫ɽһۣа˵ǵûУ֮Ѿγɣ׼г𣬿ڴǴǵϣȴҲվһߣ
峤Ȼ尡
ǳһ㶣ԭΪаͺɽվǼһһߡ
û뵽аջվԼһߣʵЩ˼
ɽŰǳ峤ǿ԰㣬
ɽ֣ôĸ飬лֱ˵ǣ
ǳЩĿŶסҫХĺҪʧܵǸʲôı飿
ЩʧǣǼһƺ˲м̫ı飡
ɽŰǳո峤һ£ҵȰ׼ҲؼҺ¼ôҵĵԺҵˣ
棡
һл棡
ҺͺѾƶ˰׼ҵնɱǼ֮ˡ
ǰ˾Ȼѡ˰׼ң
һΪ׼ҵʵǿᣬӲӲĻҺͺҶԳܣ
ΪؼҺ¼ѾվˣھͶǱҲûκε壡
ؼҺ¼ҵĲҵǴߣ
ǿ׼Ҳ˾һݾ
θڵǲСӦˣ
ǳﻹʲô治棿ʵؼһ¼ǵĲҵٶأ
ʥɽĲƸ̤ȣֻҪס̤ȣİǳʵν飡
οҺͺҰԼʧҪС̫̫ˡ
аɽ˿𰡣ӼֱŻ
ҫʵ̲סˣû뵽аͺɽȻ޳ܵĵز
аһҫ峤ԣʥɽڲìӦʥɽԼǿһˡҪʲôߣΪҸ峤ɵô
Լƣʾҫ첻Ҫ˵
аΪҪԼŮôǣǻ䣡
ߣͷ˻ôװ棿
аһŭһСʵ̫ˡ
Ĳ֪һﵽôŰ裡
һԵĺɽа峤ҪǷϻˣȻѾ˾ǱΪ䣡
峤Լǣʥ彫Щ˸Χס
аһӣ˲ʮλѾǳ׵ߣ
һԵĺɽ˴ҲЦŵôֵĳôܹٵǺأ
ಣ
ǽʮӰ׵У̸׼ңҺͺѾǿֲ˹ˣ
ǳףҲֿһ˿Цߣ챾Ҫǿʲôʵʥɽʥǿߣؼҡ¼ȳʥɽ֮ˣλ̤ʮꡭ
δ䣡
Щǿƺһð˳




2974ºν
 

𶯣
ʥɽһƺɫɷף
һӿֳڶʥǿߣ»ǵһΰ
⡭⻹еĴԭΪؼҺ¼ҶԿ׼ңһأ
ʥɽҵģûк³ģ
ȻҲ̫ϲ׼ңɲòϰ峤һӦ
쿴ʥɽ󳬼Ҫˣǿϧ
Ȼ֮ͨ·¼ȻɽĳţҲҪˣ
һ˷ܲѣȻһЩȴǵǵĺܣ
λʥǿֱۣǾ춯أĿ࣡
ǳĺȷǿޱȣ֮޷ˣ
ҺͺҪõؼҺ¼ҵĵ̣ЩʥǿΪֻһǾ̤ʮУ
̤ȣǼΪѵģ
ʮ꣬ЩʥǿΪ֮ˣ
ǳԭҪһԸؼҺ¼ңҺͺҵģ
ԼҲû뵽ǣҺͺҾȻҲվԼһߣ
λʥǿߣݷߣѾǼΪ׺Ĵˣ
ֻҪԼһӣ
֮ؼҺ¼һҷ
ؼҺ¼Ҿǰǳ֮еľ
һ˷ǣԺԼĸ󻼡
ףǲˣ
һɳǿ±֮ؼҺ¼ҵвҪ
Σ
ǰ׼Ҫ飬˿һӦˮɵ顣
̤ĳ
ԪɽԪ˵վĳǴ˿ҲǽŲѣ
һԵBɫɷףһĩյĸо
״ˣ֡û°ɣ
BƺʵڰοԼҲϣõԪɽİο
Ŵ˴ĳһĿҪĳˡ
ֵۻҪΣˣӦô嶯
ԪɽԭؼҺ¼վҲǼѡ
ټҺͺƺҲе˼Ϊһж׵ƿ֮С
ǰҺͺҲδ꣬ʥɽеǿΧ֮һѾǳȵף
ûϣ
ԪɽղνĻΣգҰοһ仰
ʵԪɽѾǸûлĿܣ
࣡
һԵҸ峤ԪҲŵĶһµ⡭һִ˰λʥǿߣҲֲ̫˰ɣ׼𣿡
״ˣܲ취װBˡ
Bʥɽ˽ǳô᲻֪ʲôأ
Ͷҽ
ڵBһĸо
Ѿûκεİ취ˣȻҲ֪ǴҲ޼£
BΪֵֻۣǡֻΣҵȳȥգ֮ͻᱻˣ
Ԫɽ˵ҲʵҲһһѣ
ҲԪɽԪλʥڵǿߡ
ھվܹʲôأκεá
ԪһҲǵͷBͲҪΪ㸸ˣܹΪֵģǱ㣡ʵҿֵҲǺ
壬˵ʲôBԭһƬðһ˿⡣
Ԫ˳ֵۼȻܹѹ֮£̩Ȼ֮ΪԼıУ
ֵΪһ۾֪ܲ׼ʥɽΪΪӦѾ˼ȶˣ
ԪɽοһԵBʵԼԼ⻰ʵ̫ˣ
һԵҲһνĵҾûбҪǻȿô˵ɣ
ǰ˵ĲֵָֻܹܹǴϲˡ
ԪɽBҲBļ
ԼλŮӣԪɽҲǱƲѣ
ԭΪҿԱô
ڿôƺѾ޴ɿˡ
£ҪӰλʥǿ֮ߣûκεĿԣ
ĸѾǽ׵Χסǲ޵һ㣡
ôӵóȥأ
ڵԪɽΨһߵıǰοB
BĿ֮дһ˿ı֮ɫγ֪Լĸ׺ͶôΪ˰οԼأ
ʵҲ֪ھңҲ޼£
ղ鼱֮˵ĻΪû˽Լ˴ȥûκεã
еѪ
BԶɿȻףĬĬţ
ϣܹ׻ѳ飡
ͬʱ
꿋SҶޱ˿ױΧ룬Ҳɫɷף
˵Ĳϣ˵ģ
ҶޱΪ˾Żġ
漣ϣԳһ漣
ƺֻܹ˴˵ĺǵĿһĿǱߣ




2975׵ų
 

̤ȵ룡
λʥǿߴǾ޽еģ
ǳ˴˿վں棬űΧףƺѾżˣ
Ҫת
ǳа˾ûκεĿԣ
ؼҺ¼ȫȥҲǴȥѣ
ؼҺ¼ҼҲʮλʥǿߣ
οʥڵǿߣʵҪԼ
ףһᣬڴؼҺ¼ҵͶǱ嵹ǿԿǸһ
ǳʵҲ붯֣ϣԱѪеĽ飡
֪Ӧǲܵģ
ϾĿľǲؼҺ¼
Щ˾Բ־ܵģϣԳһ
׿Űǳ˵峤ĪΪԼȲʤȯˣ
ףʱˣ㻹ôţĲ֪žǴӺζ
ǳףҲ΢΢ҡͷ
СѾˣֱǿԴ
һԵаЦһ峤бҪ߷ϻȻ츳ѣԽԽȥƺ
ɽҲǳΪ峤Լǡ
ǳ̾һðɣȻ峤ͺ峤ִˣǱҲͲǷϻˣ
ҫ쿴ŰǳЦһǳҪǣҲ׼ˣ
ҫ죬ڻ𣿱Ϊÿϧ峤峤һͽˣսپ
ǳҫ죬ҲĨһ˿Ц
аЦһӣ
ǣŵĺܰҫ쿴аȻ˵ƺЩˣ
аЩĿŶʲô˼
ǳһ峤ֵʲôأ
ǳ޽Դȥԭ޲Ǵ󶯸ɸֻ꣬ҪԼŮˡڿƺ̸·߲ͨ˰
һ˿ź˺֣
һѲľһ㶼
ʱˣȻǱĸ峤ţ
ܶ˶һѾǱɵˣô˵ĺأ
ģȻ˵Դȥ
ôʥǿߣһһĭ¶ܹ˰ɣ
ǳЦ˼װףɽ籾δ⡣Ĳ֪⵨ôģ嶼ʼЩˣ
ֻҪ峤˵һ䣬޸ԼҪǿɾ͹ֲˣ޶ȻҪѪȾʥɽ
һ̤룬·֮һ㣡
һµƣһ˻Ūģ
ȻѾͷˣɰǳЩһˡ
Ȼɽͷ¹ĳɹҲûʲôġ
ֻһߵˣ
ǴԲѣѪȾʥɽΪؼҺ¼ľֻܹ𣿿Щʥɽǰ״ˣ
ǳҲ΢΢ҡͷ֪߹Ȼη
˵㻰ģ
׿ŰǳҲ¶һ˿ȰЦݣ
ְɣѿ֮ûκε壬ϣĽ˼ǵø㣡
ǳѾøڷϻˣ
˵ѾһˣֻǾЩϧ
Ͼ˵ȷǾĳţ֮ͨ·ռ¼ıߡ
ɱˣǿϧˣ
ǳ֮ǰ뷨ܹǿŻסףȻ󿴿ûлһ
ڿһĵҪԼȥˣ
£ǳ˵ʲôѾûκεˡ
ˣ
׵̤ȣ˶סˣ
žһƬ
˶Ҫһǲ̣
ǵһᣬȴûκεĶ
ʥɽЦ𣿻ˣڱ嵹Ҫ˭
ǳҲüĿףΪСʲô֣
ȻδĹҪʲôС˵޼ɵ
ŰǳĻΧҲһĺЦ֮
ʥɽһƺڿ׵Ц
׵Ƿһ˿Цݵ𣿰峤̫ˣ
¡
ڰǳҪ׼˵֮ʣԶһХ֮𣡣
һҶ𺳵̤֮ȵΧ˲ʮλǿߵϢ
Ϣֲ֮Ҳһľս
һ̶̧ͷԶϿտ˹ȥҪ׷ʲô
һ㣬ֵ۵ǲ
׻һɽֵ۵ǲ
һ죬ֵ۵ǲ
ȸһɣֵ۵ǲ
һӣֵ۵ǲ
һһ˵ĶУһǿ˶۾¶Լ




2976˾
 

˸
ʥɽδ˶ǿ߾ۼ˵أ
ԭλΪ׿϶군ˣû뵽ڰǳ˼Ҫ׺ؼҡ¼Ҷ֮ʣ
Ȼ֮˷ۼڶ
Ĵһ壬ʮλʥǿɵĺһڳ˵ǰ
֮
һ̣Ǹ߸ϵĻߣ
λǿߵĳ֣˾̾ԭֵ˵ǲѣ
Ҫ֪ղŻһߵ
أ
¹˭ֻδ֪
ĵһǳ׵ˡ
ǳоԼԴ죬ĺЩ
ȻĿǰӵаλʥǿߣ֪һŷս£˫ʧ쳣Ĳصģ
ˣ
ǳѾ·ˣ
ϪԲóȥΪҲ֮ң
ڰǺȻ£ϪԵΪҪˣ
⡭ǿôֵأ⡭е˿
Ȼһ壬Щҵθ찡
Ĵ壬ټһʲôݰ
ԭΪֵ۲ǸСϺףɡҲŷ˼ţ氡
ֹţ棬ֱ˧һҵֵܹһ⣬ⱲҲ͹˰
һ˻Ѿǳ׵תˣһǶѾǳ֮ɫ
֮ǰЩ֮ˣں޲Ҹطȥ
ΪԼûκεʵȴһͭڳЦһߣ
Զ
꿋SҶޱǰĳԭı֮ʧһƬ
Ҷޱһ˼ˮ
Լϵ˹Ȼڲͬ
֮ǰԼ׵һ죬ǼһԴ˹ף
ֻô󣬶ûһεĳ֮
ȻҲ֪ײΪ˾Լôġ
ɾҶޱҲһžʯӽƽĺˮ֮Уһһ
ôֳϹϵ˰
꿋SʵͦӵģױʵҲǷ
ôĸʥɽ֮Ҫ׵ûпˣ
ô֣ʵȻ˵ѹʥɽԱ֮ȴѾˣ
οʱȥʮֵŽᣬ߶֮
ÿһӦöǸ̥֣
ҶޱԶֶһ԰˵ףٺһЦҿϵ˹Ȼڲͬ
ô°ϵ׻жٵܰޱΣûн꿋SеǵĿס
ϾڰϪڰ׼ҵϣȳҲţ
Ҷޱڰֵ꿋S㣬㻹ǲ˽
ޱʲô˼꿋SҶޱӣҲƵʵ
㿴ŵӣʵ֪ҪùˣҶޱǸͬܣΪ֮ǰһֱΪһҪùˣùĶǱˡ
οһôǿڴˣǾõùӦʥɽˣ
ţȿ˵ɣϣǴɣ꿋S̾һ
Ҷޱ˿꿋S꿋S㣬ڿΪѵľ˰ɣ
㲻Ϊ˰㣬ҶҲҲǽΧˮйͨ𣿡
꿋SҶޱһп˵ĸо
Ҷޱ
ڰļȴҪɱף
Ҷޱ̾һ꿋S㣬ҲΪڼ֮ѡĻһѡ塣Ϊļʵ̫ˡ
ΪҲôֻĲϣ״˺֮չɱҲ֪״˿²ðϪ뿪
꿋S̾һųǽŵӣ֪һսҲˣ
ƾУ
ο꿋S˽Լĸ׵ģԲκв˴ڣ
ѾǵĵزȻôһв
ô˵ڳȥȰҲ޼ˣҶޱЩƵʵ
꿋SͷȰ裿ڳȥ³˻Ͻûκεô
ʵҲϣ岻Ҫ׷κεĳͻƺѾɲˡ
ҶޱҲǳƵ˵˵أ
ʱһһĹȥ
˿ڳ룬˼Ѿ˵Χ
Ϊһս£˻ᱻ޹˼
ЩԭҪʶʶ̤ȣ˳μһ°׼ҵϲµġ
ֻ˭Ը
ɽǧһεĳսĳǴʧˣ˻һӰ
Ⱥ֮У
֮˴˿ҲĿɿڴĿǰһУ۾쿴ֱˣ




2977³˵³
 

Ԫɽ
˿ĿɿڴĿԶĳ
ȵĹһĪ˷ܣǼ
ԭԪɽһֱΪʥɽѾɽΪǿĴڡ
ͨı£ʥɽλʥǿߵΧ׷½£Ҳܴ
أ
ʵžžԪɽ
ĴԪɽǻӭģΪBԵʣ붫۳Ѿǧ˿Ƶϵˡ
һϵ֪ˣʱҲܶ
ղŵһ˲䣬ԪɽоҵѾ
ֻһεĻˣ󳬼İӵ޵Ŀܣ
ֵ̫ǿ˰
ԪɽԱߣԪ˿Զһǿ̤ȵϿգΪʥǿ߶η
һԵԪɽҲ΢΢һֵۣ̾Ȼڲͬû뵽ʱ䣬ֵѾܹɽķˣ
״ˣǡ׻û˰ɣ
B֪֮٣ɾ֪٣ĴҲ˵İɣ
ټǵһ壬󳬼ĳָ˲ٵ룡
ԪɽһЦBڿ˵һ䣬ֵ۾޴󰭣
ԪһҲǵͷЩǿ߶ɵӣǾԲƴһġ
ô˵ֵѾûˣһҲ¶һ˿Ц⡣
֮ǰҲŵǣһˣǿҲ군ˡ
֮ͻȻϣǺܴϣôܲأ
ԪˣȻȥ׼һҿܹڴʥɽ˰
ԪɽһԵԪˣҲǵ
峤ˣ¹˭δ֪Ǻβٵȵȣ
Ԫ˿Ԫɽǲ߰ȻֺĳˣⱲӿԪжƵģ
ԪɽԪ˵ӣҲ̾һðɣȵ̻֮ȥʰһ£
ȥﰡ״ˣЩ㵵ʵ
ȥȻȥ۳ˣϾʥɽֵôһֱأʱǲߣ¾߲ˣ
Ԫɽˣĵͳˣ
˽ǵͷڶ˵ʵҪġ
Ԫ˵ͷģBһᱣõģԲṼֵ۶ҵȵΣ
Bһֱû뿪ףоԼƺã
˾£ԼȴķʽΪ֮̾
BһֱΪԼģÿһƺܹ׻
һο׵߶ôİ֣ҲǼѣ
˻ϲ˳
һ࣡
³˿̵٣˶˿־Ͳ֮У
ЩĳǿߣоԼ˫ѾЩܿƵĲ
ʥϣǡֵôܡ
³Աߣһλ߿ҲӶɳˡ
˱۳εة³ӣ
֮ǰة³ױնɱ֮³Ҳûа취ֱ³֧һλɵڵǿߴ³ף
һ³ǰμӰ׼峤ҶСĻ£ҲᳵӼֻةһˣ
ϾʥɽǷǳİȫģ
ôҲû뵽ʥɽȻףһѾǳɳ˿ֲĵز
³쿴³ӣ̾һǸҶļһȴѾǳԽˣֲøղĿôĲ񣡣
ʥϣһôܳ壬ҳأһĪʲôֶβɣ
³ԴҲ벻ͨһеΪʲô
³ɫ˵۳ΣӰ
ʥϣһǵıӵʥɽıҪ۳Ҳõɣ
³ЩӲͷƤ˵
³࣬ͲڰοˣʥɽôΪһСС۳붫۾սأο֣֮Ϊ۾Ầ°׼ԼǱʥɽ𣿡
³ϳֳһĨƣ֮ɫ
Ǹ߳ɽ绽۾һ̿ȥôȻ
ʥϣҵ۳ϣ
³ʵ֪ܲڵƣ˵۳׸ĸ
վԶֵۣ³˲һ˿ͷ
³Цһʵֵ֪ʲôԩ𣿲ԩͷһλȥ֮³ֱ򶫷۳ݽͶɣ
ʲʲô
³һģоһͷĿѣ
ˣôˣֵ۷ҪȡޱΣֻϣ˾ܹȫ³ҵһ˿Ѫɣ
³һƨ̱Լλ֮ϣ֮е޾į֮ɫ
һ۾һƺҪߵͷˡ




2978ԥİǳ
 

̤ȵĸ̨֮ϣ
ԭһưλʥɽǿߣһҲɫ䣡
ǼͬʱĿͶ˲Զİǳ
ǳ˴˿̸ɫѿ˼㣡
ǻôҲû뵽һȻ˵ĺ
尡
еǿ㳲ڵǿ֮һײ
οȻϻһЩ࣬ȴЩȴ
Щ˭ԸΪ˰׼ȥأ
ûκεİ취ϲò
һʱ֮վһҪͷģ
һ˭
ǿԸͷǿԸͷ
¶ԸԷͷģΪһεĵͷζʲôԼҲǷǳ
ɽ֣ڽ֮Ҫ췭ظı仯
ʡʡ峤峤峤ǾȻԸΪ׵һ߹ݺɽ꣬Ҳʶνĸ߰˰
ǳŭɶﻢ£
Ҫƴ룡
˵һǧ˰٣
˭Ըȥأ
ο£ʲôӻ˶֪ġ
ħʹһ廢
ƴһǻ˵Ű
ӿһ۰ǳǳµƾϲãֵţΪ羴Ҳľܶѣкθɣ
ʣСӷϻʲôһﲻһֱΪԼţ𣿽챾ʵҪмＸ
ɽŰǳҲһԾԾԵı飡
һԵķҲǵ˵ȸһҲҪʥɽǲ޻أ
һһţ棡
˿ǰ˵ļҲǸоһЩԴҩˣ
װڰ֣ȻŰǳ֮ǰ峤ᣬֻ峤ڿЦ޻Ǹ峤һᣬ޵Ůˣޱȥ
ѹˣ
ô˵ǳܴӦ
ڰǳʥɽ˵ӻѾΨһѡˡ
һ챻Ժľɢˣ
ʱͶ׵Ӫ֮Уһ̿ľûа취ˣ
峤һ۸ʥɽ˰
аҲǷȻվ˳ʵڵѪ
һԵĺɽҲüͷķǳĽаͬ뷨
ղǵ򣬽һ˰׼ҵĺûᡣ
Ǹղŵ̰ʧȥ˳ưʥɽĺûᡣ
ڿ¶׷ĪˣһƣǻҲͲôѡˣ
һεĵĻľ˿ˣ
ʥɽ󳬼壬Ƕˣ
ɽŰǳҲŭһ峤˷ϻôʲôȻǾǿʥɽʵ
ߣ޻Щˣֱе
׺аͺɽ
Ǻֱ˵ӣǳؿЩ
ԥ
һǷǳԥ
һ֣ʱ²룬Ϫģ
ǰϪ׵ŮˣһȻΪһŮ˵ʦڣôֶܿأ
֣Ψһĳ·
һ̶ǶŰǳΪ˶Ҷ֣
ʱа˶ˣǳԼӵĻôǳеĳˣ
ףϪħͷΪ²ҲѴӦ֮Ϊɽ磬塭
ǳԲѵ˵ţһΪ²ֵ¸У׿һŻ
˵׼ҲҪǼʶʲôҪ֮Ϊ²ǳҪ֮ɽٲİɣΪҶɵӲɣ
ֱӴ˰ǳĻһԵĺܶƺЩȻĸо
ȻǸ֪֮ȻжٵĹЧɼȻֵ˵ˣ˵Ѩδ򰡣
ֵۣҲһλᣬֻҪ뿪˴Բ׷𣡡
ǳѾ˶ֵĴ㣬ҪĻս
Ϊһսʱ̤ȿ¶ᱻһһ
ⲻǰǳҪĽҲٳٶûжֵԭ
׿Ц˼ǳһЩС˼ǳɣֻ֮ޱѪϴʥɽһ
ÿһ˵ƺȻľ
࣡
һʿˮҲǴ˵Ŀз˳
ǳףţλǿ߻ս˼޹Ȼֵ뱾嶼ԸãǱΪǿԽһԣʤΪ
ǳ˻һһ˵ȶĿɿڴĿ
ôʲô۶ӣ




2979
 

̤ڣ
ɫޱȣֲԸ뿪
ìܵ˭ܹأ
̤㹻ҪȻĻҪ뿪ˡ
Ϊ˿һϷĻǲֵģ
һΪôǿ߻սĿԲ
峤ȻǺüıΪʲôҪ㣿
׿ŰǳҲЦ
ǳЦһֵۣô˵ҪֻսˣΪ㲻ɣ
ǳʥɽǴˣѾ֪ʲôǫˣ΢΢ҡͷպ˵֮޵ƽ̤ȣ
ˣ
ԭΪǳѾһһӦҲˡ
Ͼĳ̶ֳϽĻ峤ڻռݾԵƲ
˭û뵽׾Ȼ֮ǳҪǿƣ
Ȼ׼ˣ
ʲôǳһŭΪհɣ
С浱ʥɽ˲ɣ
ǳ̤Уһ򵱹Ī֮£
̷֣
׵ĶŰǳȴѾʼˣ
΢ڣ
̷ִ˿ѾͽԾӣԶ۳ĳԾӣ
׵ĿͣҲǺȻ׵һ࣡
̷֣
ּ֪˵һЩ֪⣬û֪һﵽǸʲôģ
ɵ۳ڣ
̷ֵʵɵ۳ڵʵʱһɵ۳ڵ˳Ϊ
˿̷֣֮ҲһȦ
ء̤ȣһ֮
׿̷֣Ҳֿһ˿ȵЦݣ
ּ
̷׵ĻҲǺȻӦǣ
֣
ڽսԣûκεģǶڻս˵޵е
Χ壬Ӿйƣ
񿴵һεʩչӵҲ¶һ˿Цݣ
ֵ۵ֶΣȻԲˬ!
һ˱УǵսҪ٣ʱһתˡ
ƾһҪסҵȣףӿǽˮ˰
ǳԭһ㶣ɵ׵Ļǳ׵ڵ
ǰһҪסǣⲻǳô
οһﲢҪסĳһˣҪסߵˡ
һԵаŰǳҲǵ峤ΪΣҵӦСΪϣ
峤̫˰ɣɽҺɽû˵ܹɵ۳ڵʵסλʥǿߵġ
ɽаЩ֮Աǵĸо
Ҳ̫һЩɣôǿ˵ˡ
ǳһˣҲ۳壬ͼ߸壬ѾΣʱ̣λͬЭͬУܹڴ˵У
ƾ峤ǲ
ǳ󣬰λʥǿߵŭ𣬵ȷǣ
ƣ·һ㣡
ʵ˵ı鿴ҲǿԿóǴ˿̵Ľ֮ġ
Զ
ЩǴ˿Ҳָָ㣬һССɵ۳֮˾ܹסڶǿߣ
Ǿⶫ۾ʵ̫ˣ
ֵҲ̫һЩɣѲΪԼֻ죿
ǰƾ˾ܹأֱЦ
òϣֵ˵Ʋף˼Ҷ˰
һʥɽҪѪɺ˰ǻͣһЩɣδʥɽ׵˭֪أ
ǰ˿ԶЩ֮Աǵġ
ǻһЩʵǵ֮еǻǷǳġ
Ѿв˲˵ˡ
Ϊʥɽյ׻Ĳ֪˭һʱλ۾ô죿
׿Ŷ֮Աǵİǳδ̫ǣ
һԵ̷Ѿվ׵
Ϊ令ȷǷǳĺġ
̷ֵߣżλǿߣƺ̷ֵ֪Ҫԣ
¡
̤Ϸʣԭմ˿̱Щã
˺ɵĿһﵽҪʲôʱȴһɫ״ɵԲΰӳ˵ĸǰ
ǰ̤ȵĳһ࣬һЩѾĸо˲ã
䣬䣬䡭
һһŵİӾһ㣬ȥ磡
˵֮ǰ̷ֶֻܹĻôһκԼһʱǱо
оԼֵѾǴﵽһµĸ߶ȡ
˿̿ȥҲôĵӦ֣
һһŵ£ĳһ̣ǳ˵ɫ˾䣡
໣
һ߿֮зһ˿ζ
·ǱѾľһ󲻸ʵŭ֮
֣һγɡ




2980
 

֣
̷һûκεľȴΨŶļ⣡
ò˵֮ǳĲ
һ̷֣ƺһõһ㣬ڹؼʱƥǧ
⡭ǡ
ǳĺоһɬһƺʲô
һԵаͺɽɫҲѿ˼㣬ǴӰǳ֮ƺʲôֲĶһ㣡
ס峤ĪǴ֮е֣
аԼĿˮƺЩǰһС
֣
ɽλܣһ֮ԿħλǿʹõĹ
Ѿʧٰʱˡ
û뵽һ̣ȻؼգһԼϣ
ûпĻӦǣ
ǳɫ쳣ѿΪνֻĲǺ˽⣡
δ֪ĶǺܿµģ
ɽ磬δ֪֣ǳԭһܵ˴
Ϊоֵļֱһ̬
峤ȻûκεĹɱһ֣ǴƣսҲֻܹӳƽʱ߰˳ɰ
аһҲ¶˵֮ɫ
ɽߣҲÿʩչ֮˵ʵɣղǼһʵҲɵ۳ڶѣסҵܹ೤ʱأ
ݣ
ڰǳ˲֮ʣһ󵶹⽣ӰѾ͸Ϯɱ
̤һ̷·˻սĺ֮У
֮У
ɫĵӰâΪ̻һ㣡
ֻʥɽ֮˿ǿ󣬿ɱ֮еȷ˸оһĿϧ
λʥɽǿ󣡣
ǳҧҧ֪ڼԥȥĻǽ¸ӵѰˣ
¡
ڰǳ䣬ӵȭͷѾǳŰǳķɱ
ֻǳΪʥɽϣЩɶ˻֮˲ϵӿֳ
аһҲǶӣ
峤ѾλʥǿˣĻɢ
ɽҲǾۼ˰ǳߣЩɢĴʥǿһ̶Ǽ
һһĹ򣡣
Ѿλʥڵǿߵ䣬һ׶ûУ
ǰ峤ôȥĻºܿͻᱻʳˣ
аҲǽ˵ʵû뵽Ľ־Ȼ
һĨŰڸǿˣ
ǳ˵Ѿҡҡ׹ǸŲ˶ˣʧʥ֮˶ѣʲô
ǡ
а̾һѵʧλʥǿߵ
Ȼǣ
ĵ⣬ôɱȥĻô˭Ըأ
ǸŰǳҪõôѣ
ôûеõԼʵʵЩ˵ȥˡ
Ѿ̶ֳȣѲʥɽ֮˻Ҫһ۳֮˵ͷǵҪ𣿡
ǳ˿̿ΧˣҲһŭ
аҲǵԼͷ­ʵƵĺܡ
ôȥĻʤˣǾǲʤ
Ѿʥǿߣ֪ʥǿÿһĹ屦
ǳк֮£ڶвףֻҪǷ˰Ϫ޻Էһ·ɲҪ顭
׿֮ڵİǳҲǷһ˿Ц
ǳЦ˼ףΪʲôǽʥɽƴһˣҪĵסб¸Ҹһսսʤ壬嵹ǿԿǰǸŮ͸㣬ڼݹֱնɱǰϪ
⣡
׵ɫ΢΢Щ仯ȻǼĿԼ
֮ǰһֱΪǳԲҶϪΪΪԼ
һ㣬ܻ֮£ʲô鶼óİ
ң
׻δ˵һԵѾŭĿԲݺݵĿİǳ
ǳȻһЦ޶ɷ򣡡
ǳô޶Ȼ׼ңȾ壡
һҲǳ׵ŭˣǳȻðϪвԼ
һ￴ͷҲ֪ڸģ
ҪˣǱͲаǳˣǳףĿ֮дһ˿ƵղŸˣ뱾һսսʤ֮Ůˣ
˻棿
׿ŰǳһҲĿ¶׹ʵ
Ϸԣǳ׾ҪϹӣ֮ҲĨһ˿֮ɫ
Ӧ㣡
һ̤̤ȶǻص




2981޳ܰǳ
 

һƬȻ
˶ĿɿڴĿǰף
ʵϣǳ˼˭˲֪Ѳôϻ֮˲֪

ǳôĿֻһǱնɱף
һʱΪ׵ˣ˵߽֮ˣ
һӹɣ
Ƕ۳壬ʵ϶ΪŦġ
ǱնɱĻ˵ʲô
ô򵥵ĵڳ֮˭֪
ƫƫλ۾ȴӦˣҴӦ˵ˬ졣
ⲻʹ߿
ʥϣܴӦӿףҲǵһȰοǷҪǳһսԸƴһ
ǳ
һǿߣֶβ
ΪĳߣʵҲûаٷ֮սʤǳİգ
Խǵ˺ڣʵԽǿ
һԵĻɽҲɫһʥϣ˼ǳһ֣ô𣿡
һǵ˵ǳΪ֮ʥĵǺ밡
ҲǹֵֵӦ֪ҵȵҪԣиĻҵȡ
֮ʵҲǷǳˣ
ǳŶ˵Ȱο̨ĸо
óһһǣܲñ˵Ĵ̼
ǿһ㣬ʱ˼ϵˡ
ߣνϷԣȻֵ۴ӦˣǽұһսǬ
ǳ׷ڵĻᣬ˾Ϸ⼸֡
׳Ժʲôſԣ
׵Ŀһ۰ǳ޼ȻӦ㣬ȻᷴڣΪ޳С𣿡
㡭
ǳһƣȻʵҲһɶ˻
˷ͬӪȴû֮ͬġ
Ҳϣʵ£Ȼգ
ǳСоʵǶʥǿߵ棡
ӵ֪ܲ׵Ը񣬿һǬٶϵӣ֪һսⲻˣ
һԵ̷ֿףҲǵʦռƣΪʲôתΪأʦǶȻȫԸȥȣ̫ĵģ
ǰʥϣϪҵȱƴҲԲܵ˺ģ
ӿףҲǴһǶȼȰ
ǳЦֻҪ˵ǰȥӪȣǱԱ֤ȳľһʬ壡
ǳȻһŮƣ㻹ǳϢ
ŰǳĻҲŭ֡
ǳ˵峤ֺα˵ļһ֮˽£廹
аҲǵͷͼȻؽκεĵ
׿һΧŵ˵λĺˣѾλȰ
ʥϡ
ӵ˼ǸоʵЩˡ
ԭΪ׵ʵǿǺ֪ܹ֮սʤԼΪѪ
ѪѹԶˣ˵׶Լȷž޴ơ
ɽɵκһˣЩ˵Ķ֡
֮ǰ뺫֮ıԣ֪ǲʵս
ʵǳȣ²غϾͻᱻն£
׶ǵҪѾǲԶˣҲΪʲôǷֹǳսһԭ
ʵ̫⣬Ѿ˲ɿƵĵزˣ
װڰֵһЩϣиλ
ʥ˵ҵԸͿأ
׵ˣ˵¸ˣһԵļ˱ȾҲǵͷ
Цŵ˷ǳսҲ⣬ϣλܹҶ۳Ϊ޿
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ӵһȦİǳҲˣ
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ЩԵʵ֪׵Ҫʲô
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޼ȻҴӦǱЩյģλͲõˣ
׵һεĸϣ׵һĨţ֪Ϊʲôӵ˾ȻЩˡ
Ϊ׵ÿһγ֣Ц
Ȼǲ֪һΪʲô׻ôţ
˿̣
ʥɽ˵Ŀⶼ׵ϣҪһﵽҪʲô

Ի֮ʣ׵ȴһ֮
ǵ֮ϿգȻдһŽӲӵĴ֡
Ϊ۳
ֿΪ۳





2982ϲ˱
 

̤ȵϿգ
˿׵ȻһʥּģӰҲһĿ࣡
ʲô⣿
澹Ȼ˶۳һЩۻҵĸо
ǳ˿ԶҲ΢΢ü
һԵа˼һ⵽ʲô
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ԭЩרõıⶫʥɽҲʽĶ
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ʥɽҲûʶˡ
ǳЦһ̬ѲΪԼ˻ܹô˰𣿡
ǰСӵ֣ȻҴӦ峤ս
а˿Ҳǲò׵ΪһɼΣ
ǳʵǹȻһҲܴﵽǳĸ߶ȡ
һԵĺɽҲǵͷܾСЩԾﲻԾһʱҲ޷ֱ档һҴӦ峤ս˵϶ЩƵģ
ھԵʵǰһЩνĵƶģֻҪնɱ˴ˣν֮ͬͻ߽⣡
ǳƶ˵ʵһֱôġ
ڱҪСӵڸʲôаҲǵͷʾͬ˰ǳ
ͰǳһҲҪСӵӵʲô˵ĵƣ
ΪĻƾʲôôţأ
ǳ˵ˮڣʥɽݺɽô꣬ҲΪһССĵ۾ıġ
Ȼô˵ʵǳüͷѾǽ
׵ļһҲǳ˽䱸֮ɫ
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꿋SҶޱ״Ӧ˰ǳսɫǳȥ
ҶޱʵЩ˵꿋S㣬㸸ʵ̫Ҫ˰ɣʥɽһǿߣȻȥֱǡ
ޱҡҸ״ҲȲѣҲû뵽Ȼôǿ
꿋SҲһĿɬȷףʵ˶û뵽׾Ȼ˵ǿ
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ʥɽѾλʥǿߣȷ˸оһĿֲ
չȥĻôʥɽǿ߱ؽǱʳ
Ҷޱŭһ꿋S㣬ô˵ͲˣʵоҲʥɽǿΪɣοһǰ׼ץ׵ŮˣһŭΪд𣿡
꿋S̾һޱһҸףһҡҲ֪Ӧ˵ʲôˡ
ҲԣмȷǷǳΪѣҲµ˵һѡǷǳߣҲҪɣ׵ʵ㸸׵Ķˣһӹɣ
ҶޱŰ꿋SЩˣ
Ҫ֪һȻҪĿĲΪ˼ȴҲΪ֮в
ʱҶޱվ˵乫Ļǲˣ
Ҷޱ˵ϣܹЦ
ԼҶʧأҲҶҾȡ
ҡֻϣ󶼲Ҫ²źã
꿋SƵ˵ڵޱȵľᣡ
ȻҲϲԼ׵Ϊɰǳ˵ҲԼĸײ
ΪŮԲ뿴ԼĸԼĸǰΪ
ҶޱŰ꿋Sʵ꿋S㣬һ⣡
ʰɡ
꿋SҶޱҲҧ촽Ȼ˵
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ҶޱŰ꿋SҲͱ˵ʵ
꿋S֮һĨʹ֮ɫʵѡǷǳѡ
˻κһˣ꿋SԥѡԼĸס
ǸѾסУܹʲô취أ
ޱĸףֻôѡأ꿋SҶޱ׸Ҷޱ
ҶޱЩȻ˵꿋S㣬ȷĺѡ񡭡
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꿋S΢΢һ̾ҶޱУʵѾΣڵϦˣ
ҶޱҲһ̾꿋S㣬ʵҲͦġ
ˣǻȿʲô˵ɣƽֻܽܵˡ
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ϣһжûзӦöð




2983ֵ۵ĺ֮־
 

ԶϿգ
׵Ѿۼ޾ĵϢ
ֶ£
һǿҲǲΰһǵеȷӵų֮⣡
λһͳ۳Ը¹ģΨ֮۳¸ݣ
׿ˣһ̺ԼҰģ
Ҳһ̣ҪԼҪΪɽϵߡ
Զ۾֮ڴģڣƽа񣬻ɽ֮ƽͣɽ֮ҵ໯ͬڡģؿɼ¿ѣħ֮
һ̤ǵϢǵأ
һ̣˶һĨ֮ģ˰ԣ
ɽûһ۾ʥɽ˵
ȴң޼ɵ˵һ
۾ĪǷ˰Ҫʲô
㶼Ҫһͳɽ簡ǵô˵˵ģ
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һ˿׵İԣҲһֶĤݵĸо
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һ̣ܶ˶ǶײֳݺĽ֮顣
Ӻɷ򵱿ⶫ۾˷򸴺󰡣
Ըʥս£
ӵҲǱһĻ𺳵ˡ
ǿףҲǷ׷׵ĹһƺѾǽԼС
ôȻôĲһ
һһ˲̤һε˹֮У
˶ҪλȴӸλĶ۾Ҫʲô
ʵܻܲ춼δ֪ɼˣ˼һǸҵʥɽ˵һ
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ӵϷ·һεϢһоԼ֮ƺһ޵ϵ
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ˣ
׵һһӱ˼Ĺ֮
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ҪԴʵ̫̫ˣЩ˷ѻӻҲԸһԴ
ԴĲƽҲںܶʧһԭ
ǳЦһ˵ǱȳĺΪܹƽˣǴﵽǲɸ˵Ŀģ
޹䣬λŴȥҶ۳һֻۣҪ츳㹻ޱһаʵ츳˵䲻ܱ֤ԵĹƽȴܹ֤˿ܵԴ
׿ŰǳҲĨһ˿Ц⣡
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ʵҪɽνԴ𣿼ֱǳ
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аȻ֪ģ𿴰׼һڷֹޡ
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ʱǸһºܶĸֱӵ
һ֪ױҪ£ʲôķ
ףѾ̫ʱ䣬Ӧʱñ·ˣ
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׿Űǳ˵ɣ޼ȻӦˣǱһһ
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һ֮гŵĶ޾ĵ֮ɫ
Ϊ֪һսûκεʤ㡣
ݣ
һâǳֱӼԼеһ
ӳ£˸űĺ⣡
ͬʱҲǳһϽЩЦԷǣ




2984սǳ
 

ұڴ˾һս
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׵޷潣ǲ˵ˣǿǿߣͬʱҲʦŷұӴİ
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ʤˣǿɽĸֶҪԵı仯ˡ
¹˭֣
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׼Ʒͷһʱ򣬰ǳѾǶˣûκεԥ
磡
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׿ŰǳȻûκθֵķ緶֪һԲκεĺ֣
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׵ҲһŭһҲʹԼǿ״̬
ԭʧİǳգ֮Ѿ׵ĸǰ
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¡
ǳĵƺҪѿһƬռ䣬һľ
ʥڵĳǿߣȻģ
һǳĵ޷潣ĽӰѾصһ飡
һ룡
׵ѾǱɳȥ֮⣬׽޷潣صŻͣ

ڳ֮һľԭΪʲô֣ǲŷǳʵ̫ˣ
һУУ
׵Ŀһ˿ѪоԼھѣ
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ӵӶɳˣǿһѾǰܵһͿأҲȭͷ߬ķǳĽ
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׵Ĩһ˿޵Ц⣡
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ټǿǶɹˣʱͿռãǶǱȰǳҪ߳ٵġ
ڼ֪֮ԼһʱǾûġ
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ǰһмҵȿҲֻܹǿӵס
ӣԲܽӵסģһԼԽˡ
廹ΪСʲôأҲˣ
£а˿Űǳӵž޴ƣҲЦ
Ȳʤȯ
а˵һĺϢ
ΪֻҪױնɱô˾ǲƵģһߺܹʥɽԼİͼˣ
ʲôӿĵأ
ʥɽûоԵĳˣеֻǾԵ棡
ŰǳǳѱѾװʱüͷҲ
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׵üͷҲǽٴһ㣡
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ǳ֮Ĩһ˿ĵ֮ɫǳѾһγʣ
ֻǽһĻðǳҲӶˣ
ΪСӾȻʧԼǰ




2985¾
 

̤Ͽգ
⡭һﾹȻʧˣѲˣҵʶȻס
һǿ߾ѣԭôΪһ϶Ǳˣ
ôҲû뵽ŭڵһ̾Ȼ׵ʧǵĸǰ
ף
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ȿȿȣ
Ϊ׶һĹʱ򣬴ӲԶϿѾǵһӰ
ӰĻмʺѪҺ
ˣ
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Լǿѧû˺׷ֺĻôڰǳĴ൱Ĵˡ
ڿˣԭǳһŵҲǳ׵ķ
Ҳ峤Ҳһ޵ֶοɺã
׵Ĩһ˿ЦŰǳҲЦһ
ƾ㣿嵹ҪʲôֶΣһССʥ֮ˣҲڱǰʴʣ
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ڰǳΪײѼӲʱ򣬺Ȼ׵ĸǰѾǳһö޴ģĶ

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ֻʥɽܶ˶Ϥ˵綫½Щ۾Ϥ
ǳʶǷʶⶫʲô
ΪԼΪ뿪ٻʳ۳Щ۾ȣǶЩûκεȤ
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ܿȥΪȻϣǳܹӮ֪Ϊʲôܾ׿ܻӮ
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³࣬°峤һЩˣ
³΢΢һ̾˵һֱһԵ³Щˣ
³֮ǰ³һȻӣѾЩо˼飡
ʥϾȻ˵峤Σˣⲻǳ
峤ôΣأӸղŵһֱһ㡣
³ӿ׾Լϲ·Ҳʱ⡣
ʥϵһ³ӳ׵±ˣ
³Щٵʵʥϣôأ峤һ֣Ҳܹնɱ峤ĵزɣ
ò˼ˣǺǣֵ֪ⶫΪֿ֪Ϊʲôղֵǳս֮ǰȻôˣ
³ھЩ˽ģҲΪ˽⣬ƺΪʲôղŷôˣ
³ӹ΢޶ۣ
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³΢΢һֵ̾õǴ֮еľ
ӡȻǸɽ³֮ľ⡭ôأ
³ӴʧɫһƺΪʲôʥϻô˵ˣ
˿̣
˼òξĿ⿴Զɵף
Űǳһмӣ³³Ӽͬʱ̾һ
ֹУмУ
ɰǳʵԭҪ׸߳һأжЩܣ
ټ֮ǰһֱռƣ͸ˣ
λ֣
ڰǳ֪Ҫʲôʱ׺Ȼ俪ˣ




2986¿һ
 

٣
׵ľŴһ㣬ֱӻס׵ı壡
֮У׵͸ʥɽ
ǺĻ꣡

ԭЩǿߺѾϥǵּͬʱ׵ķ
ͬʱ
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Ȼ֮䣬ǵԺ֮ƺһΪ
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Ȼǲ֪״˿̵ʲôվҲǺԥĽԼ
ɫһϣʥܹǰɣ
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һԵĺɽӹȻĺܰȻӵ֮Ǳûв´Ļǡ
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Ϊǳ˿֮⣬˲κεޣ
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죡
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ǳʱһͷƤ飬Ϊ·оΣ٣
ʵ벻ͨһûԼΪʲôԼĸоأ
ڰǳԥ֮ʣͫȻһ




2987¹һĻ
 

أ
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һһ˸оʲôֲ
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аҲǸоЩδΪղһǰǳû뵽Ҳû뵽
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Ҫ֪ħ棬ħڵһˣ
ԭһֱΪԭɽʵô£ɺ֪ʵ˽ĲǷǳƬģ
ɣ˵ǿԸλǰĳģ
ҲΪʲôħһֱܹڵԭ
֮ԺʵΪصԭ
ˮʬ꣬һλصɽȻʥɽ˵ڰǳϷټܹ죿
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ͷð
׵һǸоһ˿ͬѰΣ
ףȻһˣȴӵԪǳӦ˫֮ˣ
ײ֮ʣ׵ĶС




2988˫Ԫ֮
 

̤Ͽգ
˿ԶսֻѾ׵˵˵Щʲôˣ
˭Ҳ֪ڵ׷ʲô飿
׵ıһƺŰǳķչ
յ𽥵ļ״˿ɫȥҲһ˿ĲҰ֮ɫ
棬һôӵԪ⡭ⲻܰɣ
濪ʼֻԪһľ֣
Ҳ˵ǳͬһˣ
ֻ⵽ôأ
Ѱֻ֮һԪӵԪʵǷǳĺϷҲǼһӵԪ֮ˡ
⡭⵽ô£
׵üͷ΢壬ֻ˭Ҳ֪վǱߵףȻ潻
浭˵ͬʱӵ֮𣿡
ࣿ
ĿɿڴĿ֮ڵ棬һ˲Щʧˡ
Ѱֻ֮һ֮࣬ǵһ˵
ˮǵʱ֪Ӥӵġ
һͬʱӵʵǷ˼
֮£治УǳҲడʵԭҲֻһԪϷ²ⲻĻӦʵҪռȴǳȻӵͬʱԪ
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׵ͷЩˣֻ棬ԪлǱ˵û˺𣿸ο⵽˭أ
ǰǳӦѾ˲СˣڽӹǸӦ֮ųֵģ
ҲЩ̫ȷ˵
ô˵廹ǰǳˣҲڿˣ
׿棬һȦ״̬
Ȼǳʵɽ缸ƥУҪռȵ֮ʵҲǷǳǿӦûоԵκκһֻǺƽ
濴ף΢΢ͷ
ô˵˵ǳսˣǡǻô򰡣
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ţ˵ҲǣѾ̶ˣȥȷЩϧ
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ͫһ˼ҪԪҵ֮Уɡûడ
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濴ףҲ¶˼Цݡ
⡭ҲУ
Щ㵵ĿŶ棬û뵽Ĳ
΢΢ͷղҲ˵ˣ˺ҪԭûԪΪӵԲпԵġȻˣҵԪҪǿ̫࣬ʱֻܹС
棬Ȼôģôûأɣ
׿棬Ҳҧҧ
ȻԼһ̶ȵˣȻѾ˵ֻҪܳĻָڣ
ôȻԸһģ
˵Ļ׾ʵЩϧˣ
ͷСӵҲ˵ģղ̤ȪŲСİأ
Ҷˡ
֪˼ȥ̤Ȫһ̽
뷨ǳļ򵥣Ǳսʤǰ֮˵
ףʵĴԹͶԿǰսż㹶͵
ɿһĿԼǷǳϣ
ҲЩ֣
ɣûɱ㣬ûôõˣ
ɿʧȥսΪԼȲʤȯʱһǿˡ




2989ºơӣ
 

սֹͣ
վǱ߰Ĺ򣬰ǳһԿţ
ֻڰǳѾǱƿˣ
սֹͣúܶ˶֪׷ʲô
Ϊڿȥ˻Ǻܵݵģ
ղŻصһƺڰǳû̫˺
˶ڰǳʵҲͶأǸоֲǰǳĻָٶȣ
Ϊ֮ǰأأ
Ȼڶ̶̵ļ֮ھͻָսû˿ļ
ⲻ
ʥɽһǿ߽ΪһĻʵ̫ˡ
ף㻹ŵĺܰĲ֪ʲôƴƾ粻֮𣿡
ɵ֮дһ˿мЦݣȥǳһ͵ģ
׿ɵû뵽аھȻΪ˱˵ĿܣԼô⣬Ϊа֮еϧ
㡭˵ʲôѾˣ
һ׵ĻҲڵ
׿Ц˼ɣ˵죬޵ʮֵ塣ħڻǲҪ֮˰ǳ˫Ԫ񣬿ζû뵽ɣ
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ʱ䣡
Ҫ飡
Ҫ𽥵ռȨҪһ̡
ôҪ̾ܵһЩ
ʵϣ
Ҳûо˿Ƶ飬һܵҲЩš
׵Ļϴʧɫ
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׿ɵɣǳ֮ĳ޵ǿԷһţҲһ
˵׵ܵԭǲţڱˣ
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ûûˣʲôûˣǳܰô
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˵ˣһ̬⣡
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ɣô˵ɣӵԪ֮ˣ޻ǼҶ˽һЩܹռȨʱʵ̲֮˰ǳԪô㵹ǿһεʵֱӶɽٳ񣬲
׿ɣһʵǽŲѣ
ɵɫЩѿ׵ʲô
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׵㵽˵˵˵ŲűŪ㣿
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ħһӰȥٵ֣Ļǻ֮Ϊħ
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׿ɣҲǵ·һʲôһ㣡
ʵⲻ׺ɵһ˵Ƕѣ
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ɿ׵ģͫҲȻһ
ʵ֪ɵ뷨֪һֱŰǳ
켴ɱˣôʱǿҲǻụɱģ
治ôҪ֪ļٵģƫ㣡ͰǳһҲܲˣ
˿̣
׶Ȼ仰һתһȻ
Сô˵ͷѲĲô
Сӣ㾹ȻϷˣ
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˵Ļȷе־ƺġ
ˣΣ޻Ҫɱ㣡
׿ɣǺȻ¶һ˿Цݣ
һ̣Ҳһʽӹ׵塭




2990ˣ
 

ͻȻţ
ɿǰԭѾǿ֮ĩ׺Ȼ֮ŷһ˵
Ҳǿһ£
ǿߵĸӦ
ɵʵڰǳİ֮£ѾһΪֲĲΣ
ֻ·ߣҪôڰǳ֮УҪô¶У
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ô죿
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ҪôðտưǳҪô뿪ǳ
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ݣ
һâʶĶ˿
ΪһƺûκεĻڣֱӳķϮ
ǿ˹
治ܣһƼ򵥣ȴ̺ط
ڼʱͿռ䷨⣬ɼҪ߶ǲ̫ܵģ
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һĽײϮ
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ֻԭΪǳѾ𽥵ռɽһĻȴǴ۾
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޴ĳڿγһ֮һ㳯Χɢ
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һֱ̣ӱ޴ĳĿѪԼؿڿŶף֮һ˿֮ɫ
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Ψһܹ뵽Ĵֻ֮еĲ֮ɫŨ̫̫࣡
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ΪоڲĻǿԼûˣ
һôܹôĿֲأ
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Ȼֹ
ֱӴ׵֮˳Ϊ֪ÿռһ룬˵Ǽ˺
ռ׵һӵʱ䣬ɶɵ˺ȴǼģ
Щ˵濴ݽһ㣬ʱȡ
׵ʲô󰭵ĻǾ͵òʧˣ
沢δκεսһνȨף
ˣ
ȻˣǱŰǳˣ
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ǳˣ
Ҽڳ˶У
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׺üԣʵԼҲòȥҲҿ̫ǿ
ĻֻҪһʱ䣬Լľ군ˣ
׸оԼľѾǳˡ
ʲôˣ
ǿǿߣ
ǿ߿ԼǱȻɾ޴˺
뷨ǾȳϪҪɵ顣
Ϊ˾ȳϪ׼Ѿƴһӵ
ڣڽǺõģ
ǳף֮дһ˿Ĳ֮ɫ
Ǵ˿ڷڵĻоһﻹпԼҷ
ղŵ䣬ʵҪǰǳɺģ
ȥ
ǳ֪ȥĻ׼ԼҪ߽ˣ
ֵ۹Ȼɲ⣬ȻˣǽϪȻ֮У
ǳвʵĿס
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ֵۣԽϪֵۿɵôӦһ飬ƴǾ޿ܽϪ
ǳҧҧ˵ĽԼȷǰˣ
ɰǳϰλʥǿߣʱ̸
вˣ˵˵
׿Űǳ֪һʲô۶ӣ




2991°ǳҪ
 

̤ȵϿգ
һпѾأ
ܶΪе𾪵ͬʱҲǶ׵Ŀֲµʶ
ĳѾΪȻ
ɽ¹ףνĵһˣ
λ۾ɱķӣܶҲζӳ£
ͬˣΪʲôôأ
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ǳ䣬ǲһεı֮䣡
û䣬Ϊʥɽǿףıǿ֧֣
Ļʱ¹˭ֻδ֪أ
ο׸ոսλǿߵʵ˵սԣ
ҪʱǳһεĳٽĻҲֻܵķˣ
ҲΪʲôסðǳ˵Լԭ
вֵۣĳڿҲû̫ʸˣ
ǳף鼫Ϊĸӣ
һСһ·Ƶ˵ľأʵо޵ݣ
ʥɽһǿߣһ֣Ȼһ۳ĵ۾
ǳ֪ԺԼĵλҲǰһˣ
ðǳƵǣԼϵҲǱСӸ̽ˣ

ǰǳе뷨֪ǲˣ
ΪСӸղűֳĿֲһĻðǳмɵ
Į˵ȻĻǰ峤ʲô˼
ֵֻҪӦĳһ飬ϪھͿ͹
ǳףҲ¶һ˿Ц⣡
ȥ̫ģһֳԶ׵ĸо
ʲô飿ǳŤŤǲΪ޵ĺܺòɣ
ҲЩŭôȥĻͻᱩ¶ˣ
ҲǿţѾüĳֱַɳһǰȥӪȰϪˣ
˲翿Լ
һ֪ĺҰǳǷ޳Сˡ
ѱѹϵĻǾԲ׵ķ
ǱӦúܿҪ˰ɣһ֣ʱǾɲðǳˣ
֮ǰֵǰʥɽΪԼŮˣһ㱾ʮֵֵ۳һŭΪյľٶֻʥɽҵȴ֮أԱϣֵۿڴģԺ̤ʥɽ벽
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СᰡʱһԼˣǰ׼һл·
峤㻹ǺܸЦΪҪ޻Ӧô
׿ŰǳҲĨһ˿Ц
ǳԼ̲˰Ѿ°ܽˣȻҪԼģ
ѲΪץסԼİѱͿΪΪ
׵ĿǱһͳɽ磬һǳս֮ǰѾ˵ˣ
˵Զ̤ʥɽԺֻʥɽ۸ķ˲ǣ
˵ģǾԲܴӦģ
ԣ
Ǹǳеĳ
ֵۣӦ֪Ȼô˵ˣǱȻֻ̣岻ֵ۳׵˺ôȥĻôΪһԳΪѣ
ǳ޼ɵЦȴЩɻ
ΪʲôһͻȻ֮ôأ
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׿Űǳ峤˵ľĻ޿Ը㣬޿ܣ
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ΣѲɰ峤Ϊвޣ°ܽѣ£
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ֲɵģðǳɫҲΪѿ
ֵ۾ͲŮڱ𣿡ǳףҲǰͷʵ
׿Űǳ΢΢ҡͷв޵ˣûκεĺ³ǳҲ⣬޵ǿԸ㣬޵ѾǾȳϪˡ
ôܣǳɫһ䣬Ȼһֲ̫õĸо
ǿԿ
׿ŰǳЦһ׸ǳ֮ʣԶӰѾǳǵķ򼲳۶
Ϫ
ǰʤѩģһ̳׵չ˵ĸǰ
֮壡
ǶҪﰡĴ޵ı֮׵ߣ
ǳŰϪĳ֣Ҳŭһֵۣջȳ²ֵıµǲСȻҰ׼ҵڽˣ
˴˱˴ˣ峤Ҳǳ𣿡׿ŰϪѾԼߣҲЦ
ֵۣٸһλᣬģŶȥ
ǳףһεظ




2992°ǳĵ
 

ǳʲôʸ̸
׿վԼߵİϪҲ¶һ˿ȵЦݣ
ֻҪϪˣһж˵ˣ
ڸղǳս֮ʣҲǳӪ˰Ϫ
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ټϺѾǱɿƣѹҲ֪׼ҷʲô飡
ĳԼɹİƣǳɫһѿ
峤ˣǲսǿͻȻǿҡҵһʱ˿ӣ
ƿŰǳҲɫһƬ
ˣ
ԭǸذϪ֮ˣɸղλֳУûκηӦʱ䡣
ͨ籨ţƺҲûʱ䣡
ŰƵӣǳ˵޷
峤ˣҸԸܼͷ
ƿŰǳ̬ȣҲһ
Ҫ֪ԼλڰϪӿ˵ǳһС
ڰϪͻȻӪȣԼĴ羹Ȼ˵û£ҲЩȦˡ
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ҲòеԱѾǾۼ׵Χ
ǳףһӵʥɽκ߾ߵĵط챾ֵһӣֵƺ鰡
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ǳĻк֣ʥɽҲôˣ
ǳˣ
ЩƵľԼʵĻһЩ֪ĻӦúúõˣ
ʵҲǴﵽʥڵĻֺô鷳أ
֮ǰԼһγ嶯һٲ
ҲҪǿԼΪǲ̫嶯һЩ
Ҫ֪ױ˿ԽԽˣҲԽԽһʥɽ֮Уȷǳ嶯ˣ
ֵô֪أ
ǳףĨһ˿ȵİЦݣ
޵Ҫǳǲ£޻ڴĺܣ
׿Űǳӣһ϶ʲôΪ֪ĵƣ
̶ȣΪʲôȻܹ˵Ĵݣ
ʵ֤˫ĻսȻڶ࣬սȴǣ
ĿԴ
ױһƬȻȴѾǽΣյȼߴ
֪ǳԲƵˣ
ѡʱ֣˵е
ԴӸղɳ֮׶ڰǳо˽⻹Ƿǳ٣
ټһҪĿľǰϪڰ׼֪Ҳ࣡
οкܶҲֻаǳԼ֪֮˲ǰ׼ҵһӣ벻ĵĻܣ
û뵽ֵ۾Ȼ֧ţԭǲ󶯸ɸֻ꣬û뵽Ȼܹڣ˱塣Ӧ˱岻̤ʥɽҲԸƫƫҪ뱾ԡ
ǳ٩٩̸Ҳûķ˷ۣ
Űǳ峤Ǻ܆£ʲôֱӷͺˣֺαߴʴأ
㡭ǳоԼƢԽԽˣ׳Ȼ˵ĻǾͱֱˡλɣ




2993´ȥ
 

̤ȵΧ
˲һð˼ʮλʥǿߣֻǵĴȴǷǳأ
Ƕͷ֮ϵֻͫص
ʮλħǿ߷׵üͷҲ
ʵϣ
֮ǰûⷽȥ룬ϾôҲû뵽ǳħ˹һ
ټħеϢأ
⵹׸ˣ˿̿ôħ֮ˣҲüͷ
УȻ׵һλˣħƷ磡
˿̣
ƷҲĶףȻʵƺôȴһͷ֮ˣ
ħþò
ǳŲԶƷ磬Ҳǹֵ
Ʒ絭˵ԭҵȾ׼ذ峤ģֻһЩ
ǳȻħ壿ߣǺôĵӣ
׿ŰǳҲЦһ
ħ壿㹴к죿οħһ彻ãһηħҲΪҶضѣ
ǳףĨһ˿ĺ⣡
Ʒ翴Űǳ΢΢һЦһҵˣȴҲħͷ󻼣
Ʒһ뵽֮ǰĺǵӣһ
һĻҲڵʱôˣ
ʵϣ
ħǳѾǹһǵĿȴҲ֮
ǶҪͼɽ磡
ֻ׵ĳǵĳ㲻һѣ
һԭǳǲҪ¶Լħ֮ĹϵϾⲢʲôʵ飡
鷢չһԼҲû뵽
ǷŻɽʱԼҲǻ׷Īˣ
ڼ׵ı֧֣Լħ年һҲûʲôֵˣ
峤øϻֱĨɱǣ
Ʒ翴ףҲЦһһָᣬôһأ
ħԼǣȻ˵ĻǿûбҪڷϻˡǳɳҵȵȷһСв֣ҲΪɽһŲˣ
ǳԴǵ˵ֻ⻰ȥʮֵ˱Ť
˿̣
Ⱥ֮бŷһ֮
Ϊԭ׼ǵĿоĴĴȻħ年һ
һʱ޷ܣ
Ķ۾ʵܹõֵ֧Ҳпԭ
˼ѹʥɽԿʱûУ
ǳͲһ˰ӵʥɽԴȴ֮иħ年ᣬҪʲô
ߣǳȻħ年ᣬһͳʥɽ˼˰
ǰֵܹۣʱǵ³ֵһ
ҲȻɣ׼һǹϵǱ׵óѣʱǵ³λӦҲ֪ɣ
Ѿûлͷ·ˣֻˣ
аɽҶ˴˿̿ųУǵɫҲǼΪѿ
׵ǿҲڰ׼ҾȻħ年һ
Щûһɵӣ
ֻ鵽زҪԹۿѾˣ
а˴˿̸оԼһöӣԭҪðǳһĻڿȥôĸЦ

аڲ֪ð׼ҵõؼҺ¼ҵĵ̣Ǳǳ׵ˣ
Զ
׿Ʒ磬мһЦ°ܽѣ˵ն̤ƽħ壬仰һε͸㣡
֪Ҫǵǣ˭ʬ
ƷЦ˼һӣħ֮ѾǷɢ
ƺһ̣һʥǿߵĳս
ǳҲǵͷʵ̫ǱߣԺ󶼻ΪĽ
峤һԥʲôȻʱ˺ͣɱоԲԼ
Ʒ翴ŰǳҲǵЦ
ðɣȻħҲǻԹǵһ¡롭
ǳһƣƷҲһ̤ħҲǴ
׿ŰǳƷӣҲĨһ˿аȵЦݵ޾ͲλˣϣһμʱǳƷ绹˵̸Ц
ӣûˣ
ǳ׵ĻҲû̫⣡
Ͼ׵ôˣҪô׵ģ
ߣû˭ܹס
׿ŰǳƷ粻мģһĨȣ
ɱǼһ
Ʒ翴ŵģһ
ӣ
±Ӱɣ
ɾƷͰǳʦڵҪ׶ֵʱ򣬹һĻһγˣ
ԭվߵһȺˣƾʧһ㣡
ѾûκεϢ˭Ҳ֪ǵȥʲôط
ǳƷ绹δعʱȴѾǳ̤Ȫķȥ
һ룬׵ʧ˵ĸǰ
·δֹһ㡭




2994ħ֮
 

̤ڣ
ôһʧԭҪס׵İǳƷ綼Ŀɿڴ
ʥɽħΧףǰǳƻ֮еһ֣
Ȼƻʱ⣬ڼ¾㱸ֻƷԼлˣ
ûκܵĻᣡ
ǰǳƶ飬ɾԼƤӵ£ǼһﾹȻʧˣ
ʧˣߵһҲʧӰ٣
·˴δֹ̤һ㣬ͬʱǳĶӰطҲһͬʧߣ
ҧгݣ
ǰǳƷ磬ǶɫĿʧķ
ˣȥˣ
Ʒ˾κˣ֪˵ȥʲôط
δ֪Ŀ־оһľޱȣ֪Ӧúȥδӣ
ԭһƷΪһˣ
ʵϣħ֮˵ԭ׸ʲôֵóƵĶ֣
ĺǣһƷ磬أ
ħڶ࣬һССĶ۳żһܹսʤԼΣ
û뵽̶̵ʱڣһѾ͵˿־ĵز
ʥɽκβǾۼ£
ħ壡
һµԣƷһֱûе棬ò
ǳƷ磬Ҳһͷˮʵħʶǿƣħͫ˵һжѲǵ۾𣿡
ǳƷһ±ƵӣҲƵĺܡ
Ʒ˵峤һĺܣôչȥĻµʱҵȶûʲô³
ħ˼ǡ
ǳ˼㣬ĽӴħλǿߣ
һζڰǳ˵˿νǶѼˣ
֮ǰԭΪնɱ֮е飬ɺȻˣ
ðǳܴ!
һֵѲɾôˣ
˻һԼļһ
ðǳоǵǣһԺ󣬿¾󺣣Ѿûκܹˣ
Ϊʲô
Ϊһ֮ͨ·¼ĳŰ
ֻҪһڷչһʱĻʱ򼴱ҪŪһҲֻˣ
Ʒ֮ǰ峤ΪŹͬĿ꣬ǵĺӦȷˣǵĵһҪҪӣһķչ׳󣬿¡
ħĻȻ֪ɽ֮ǴĶ岻ĻҲûκεİ취
ǳҲƲѣʥɽԼĵ̣һ췭ظ
ȥĻǾǹ¾룡
ʱҪײĻɲǳصģ
ټһﱾʵɲ⣬԰ǳԥĺܣ
ƷЦһ峤˼ôȥˣ˵ĻħҲ̫Ĺϵ
ħ岢Ǵ⣬ȻħΧ˴ӣǱȻҲǻħһ֮ģ
ǳ˵£ǵˮ©
ԭԼżҪף׸ħ֮ĳǲŽһ
ǳ׵ĳޣʵҪͼڰϪϣ
ǳĿϵͷĻʱ˵Ҳɵġ
ϾҶģƷͲһˣ
׵ڷҪħ壬һԲ˵˵ѣǳ׵Ļʮֵĵ棡
ټƷһǵӣǳȫȷǣħ˿±ԼҪż
Ʒŭ֣Űǳ峤ôûгĻȨûˣ
ħҲûа취Ķӱץ񣬶ҴʧǱҵȵʲôطȥ
ǳƷ磬ҲƵĺܣ
Ʒ翴ŰǳúúãȻ˵Ļǰ峤ֻҪħ忪һͨҲƣʣµ㽻ħˣ
ħǱ֮ѣ鱾Ȼħǳ˵
ƷһתȻ˵ĻһҪа峤
ħ˿ñЩܳˡ
ǳƷ磬֪һ«浽ʲôҩ
Ʒͷڴл峤ˣħ۰ٳսħСʱ峤Ѹ£ħĴ½ʥɽλǿݰ١
Ŷħ۰ٳħ˼ǽڣ
ǳƺЩᣬƷȻǺüı
ȻʥɽλǿԼ½۳۾һͬϯ±а峤ˣ
Ʒ翴ŰǳҲĨһ˿ĺ⣡
ʵϣ
һƷԭΪ£ϾǳҲû뵽˹ңȻħ
һвǴɶѣ
ħģĳЩûе嶨Ȼȱϯ
ǳ΢΢һЦҲĨһ˿ζЦݡ




2995¸˼
 

һһͣ
ǳȥ׷ɱףΪкܶ͹۵ԭ
ɽ
׼ɽô꣬˶ʵڰǳҲǷǳ飡
οһεȷǳ⣬Լץ˰Ϫ
Ϫǡǡ׵Ůˣ
ò˵Եʻᣬܶ鲢Լܹģ
ֻħ֮ĳޣǾԼˣ
ԣǳ£һֱ׼һοսɣ
Ȼ׵ȥʲôط֪
ҪɱףǷǳǳѣ
ܹħֲ֮׵ĻǾͷǳˡ
˯ͷ
ǳҲΪ¶ʱȴƷѾǰٰˡ
һοħҪħ۴Χף
ħʹһϵҲǲڼʥɽĻǾ·Χˣ
׸ȥĻôʱߵĻᶼûˣ
һ뵽ߣǳҲֿһ˿Ц⣡
ܿӦƷټ׵Ըʮֵ˽⣬һܲκδ̼ˡ
Ҫһͳɽ磬ǵʱħ۵ٳȥ̸ֺһͳأ
ȥͻˣ
ȥûˣ
ȥ߲ȥ˵һ֣
ħ֮˶׵ҲǷǳ˽⣬һħ۵ٳľս׵ʱˣ
ǳƷĲԶ
аɽҶɫͬʮֵѿ
˵һмֱһĴڣ
׻뿪Ҽ˵Ǻ뿪ߡ
аͺɽо˴ѡ񣬿˭ܹ뵽СӷչٶȻ˵Ѹأ
峤ԺҪ͵˰
а̾һ֮Դһ˿˿Ļں֮ɫ
ɽ峤·ҵԼѡģôҲðꡣѲ峤ҪͶֵ۲ɣ
ͶѾûлˣȻôҲ˵Ʊ䣡
аǲͶ׺˰ǳ
ʵѾǶҡˣ˰
οӶݣԺʲôδ֪أ
ɽ̾һ̫֮ǰҵȿ˰
֪㣬֮ǰҵȾӦþ䣬ҲûлᡣѲûղŷħô˵ô
а֮һĨɫֻһԵҶ˿һ仰δ˵
˵ʵ
ҶͷβǱ£һԼŮ޸طʵҲܵ׼ҵգ
ҶȻòǿ󣬿ڰ׼ҡҺͺҵУʵô£
ȻҶҲΪʥɽʮ󳬼壬ǵȴĩ֡
Ϊ˷ֹҶһ¬һ˥ܣʵͶ׼ҲҶѡ
ܹôͶ׼أ
˭Ҳ˼ҵһҪͨķʽǵķչ
˵һжҶʵ̫ԭ
ɽҶŤŤӣЦһҶ峤òƺǼϵ
峤˵Цˣѹʶˣ
Ҷ˵ҲʵڵģĲʶף
ԼŮΪʲôʶףҵƻ׼ҺҶҵĻҶҲоѣ
֮ǰվڰ׼һ׶ԿʵҲûа취飡

֮ǰ̤ȵľ棬Ҷ練֮Ļʱʥɽ첻ȥˣ
а˵Ҷ磬Ҫʱ㱳ʥɽĻ³Ӧ֪ʲôģ
˳
ô򵥵ĵ˭
аͺɽֲɵӣκһĵ꣬Ƕ׵ʵһʵ
ȻҺͺ׼ҶѾûлͷ·ˣôȻϣ˶ܹһͬ
棬ʵ˵ҶΣյģ
ΪǸ֪Ҷޱ׵ʲôϵ
Ҷĵ˵峤峤λɷģҶԲֱ֮ˣ
Ȼô˵Ҷ֮Աǣ
ҺͺΪʲôҪԼΪѾûлˣ
ʵղŴĻ֮УѾһĺڣ
ʱܹᶨվһĻѾתˣ
׼ұзǳĿܣ
ʱףǳĺģ
ǿǴѴѵĵ̰˵һؼҺһ¼ҵĵˣʥɽôĵ̿¶ˣ
ֻûκεĺҩԣ
аͺɽҶ磬΢΢ͷϣҶ峤˵㻰ʱҵȲϧһҲҪ̤ƽҶң
״ˡ
ҶɫЩѿʱҶޱѾǳҶķ˹ȥ
Ҷ翴Ҷޱޱ˷طĻʱǳǻؼ˵ɣ
ҶҶޱȥӣǳаɽ˵üͷ
˿ҶеҪ֪ԼŮֵ۵ʲôϵ
ǹغҶδķչ
һгأԭ̤ȵҲȥ̤ȪƺҲûжˣ




2996½̤Ȫ
 

̤֮У
뿪һɲǣƺ˭Ҳûע⵽׵ȥʲôط
ӵżΪǿʶףʵ֮ǰ˿ռ䷨ɹıܿˡ
ڼʶڱΣҪν죡
ԭҪ̤ȶɸղħͻȻ֣ļƻ
ҲʱһǾȥ̤Ȫһ⣡
֮ǰײҪȥ̤ȪΪڽȥʵ̫ʦڡ
ʱԼҲ̫ȣ
Σֻܹ롣
еԽΣյĵطԽȫĵطֱʧ˵Ƥӵ£
˼ܵΪʹĳֶˣ
ɽҲֻܶ඼һԵ֡
˭֪ѹҲȥطȥ̤Ȫأ
·ͻȻ
ǳԭ׵ʶͻȻʧһ֮Уûκεİ취ȥжϣ
̤Ȫڣ
ʵ̤ȪֻһѣĺĻڲ
ֻڲľʵЩԶһֱҲû˸ȥƻ
Ͼ̤һֱ׼ռݣǲһ̽˼˭ǽȥأ
˰׼ңʥɽȥɣ
ףǰ
˿̣׵Ժ֮һεĻ
ԭ̶ǣѰҺʵĻ
ղðսУҲǽ׵Ϣ
ǿ߳ǳôֵܷأ
棬ƺĺܲѰ
׵ͷоطѹƺԽԽˣ
ͷҲ֪浽ʲôⶫǷƷӦò֮һǻ֮
ĶøҲò˰
ƵĿ棬ĶɽõοĶأ
Ĳһ֮ǰҶ˵ˣʵΪԭʼһ磬Щ˵ǱԴ֮вСİҲ˵أ
ڻҲ˽һЩҪ˵˽⣬ǾЩˣ
û磬˭Ҳ˵˭ܹ˽⣡
棬ҸоѹԽԽˣٶҲ֮ǰҪ˺ܶࣿ
֮ǰýݣڵЩٲάˣ
ԭ֮ǰȷǸܵһɼΪǿɵ˺棬ȴܵһɲ̫һ
º͵ĺܣȴһֲݿܵζ

׵ҲǼѣܹ֮꣬ĶĻôҲ޺ˣ
ͷǵ㣬ҲоѹԽԽȷĶĸйˣ
ɡɽôϵأ˵磬һеţ
׿棬Ҳüʵ
֮κεطʵ֣Ϊ֮ǰڵˮûл֮Ĵڣֻ㲻֪ѣ
ɡǻ粻Ǳ֮绹ҪӸ߼һ𣿡
һεü˵ʵҲǱķֽطǿѹ
ʼֻ֪ĶƺԵģԵĻôⶫġûԵֵĻǽߣҲûκεĹϵ
ʲôӰ
׿ӣҲЩʵ
һֵ̤ȪѾ׬ˡ浽ǷӵлĶʵõһĽˡ
⡭⵹ǣΪľȷѵһ
ĻҲǰһ
ҪϢøһûᣡ
ʵȷҪһˣʵΣգıնɱ߾ĻǶδӰ죡
濴ףҲǳ
ΪͬĵͷᣬȻҪúõһ̸磿ɽ綼첻ȥˣ
С֪ͺãӵٴ츳ҲúúõСЦЦܿɫҲǱӦÿ쵽յˣÿֲϢ
ǰҸоԼѾЩˣҶţҪ뵽Ҳûпܰ
׿棬֮Ҳǳڴ֮ɫ
ͷҪһĹ򵽲˵ĻҲ֧Ųȥˣڿ쵽ˡ
ˣ
ԭЩڵ֮ͨУһγ׵ĸǰ
˿̣оԼһɣƺеѹѾǳ׵ɢȥ
ҪͣϢƬ̵ʱ߲֮⽫סֱʧһƬ֮С




2997º
 

һƬ޵Ŀռ֮У
ֻƯһƬ򣬶ܲǰκ֮ڣ
ķΧ֮ڣǰһ޴ʯ֮⣬ûκεĶ
һƬռ֮У׼ܲκεѹ
֮ǰǿޱȵѹȣֱһƬ־
ʯȥҲƽ氡
׿ǰʯܵκεѹƺ͸һͨʯһ
ЩɵĿǰһУиǲ첻ѣ
׽У󲻻͸Լʯɣ
Ҫǣһ˿˿ûУоЩѣ
Сһﵹصĺܡ
׶ʯоһ֮ʣһըһ
˭
һëȻҪԼʶȥ̽Χ
Щķ֣Լƺطġ
ʶϪ뺣һ㣬ʧӰ١
ˣ
ʯǰһ޵Ӱ׵ĸǰ·һƬռںһһ㣡
߿ȥƽ棬׾ͷɽ磬ǿ¾һ˿Ϊûеˡ
з
֪ǰ˾ԲǷԼܲһ˿һ
ǿߣ
Եǿߣ
׵۾һĿŶߣ΢΢װݼǰ
ϵɽʱ䣬ܹط˰Ҳϵһİ
׵ĸǰλԳϵ֮˿ȥʮֵ͡
ֻ⼸һëȻ
꣡
ʲô
׸ϽǰҲײУгײ֮ǰ£
ʶʱΪܣ
ֲɵӣǰλϵʵ˵֪жôĿֲˣ
꣬νķӦǴɽɣ
Ȼ㲻𣬿ʱҲʵֲ˹
λϵԼĺǰ󵽶ѣ֮ͬһ壬ҲԵʹȻ
ͬһ壿ǰ˼ǡ
׿λϵҲЩ㵵ʵ
ϵ˵ӦˮλɣϵҲˮǣҲˮλػߡһ̶ѡ
ԭǰҲˮ磿
Щ𾪵Ŀϵ˵ʵԼоЩˡ
ΪˮλŶꣿǰλǰǿǺֲܿ˰
ϵ˵󲻹;ͬ飬ֻǵôһλˮǵˣ⵹ϵû뵽ġ
ǰ֪γƺ
׿ϵҲһ֡
ǴǳĻԼӦû˵ɣ
ϵź
棬λֻǴڴ֮е׵֪֮ƺһֱǱ׫ģ
ΪˮϹʱڣδ˵ˣ
֮дǵ̱棬ֻһжҲΪ˾ʵڣ
οǴҲͲ֪ȥˣ
˿̣
׵ϳֳһĨ֮ɫǰȥΪͨߣû뵽ȻˮλΪ
棿⡭⡭
һЩȦˣΪ˵ĵŵʱ˶ţ
濴΢΢һЦˮλǵϵҲ˰
ǣ棬ֻʵǾĺܣû뵽Ȼʵڵģ
ҲЩ֧֧ᣬϾĳʵЩ
ţˮλȥӦҲв˰ɣ
һ£Ҳ΢΢һЦʵ
ʵˮλ澭һθ𣬺ļغܶҲǲϣΪǾø֮е
Ҳʵʵ˵ǶҲǸʷϵļز֪ѣ
񿴵ˣҲʵЩ˼
浹ҲһƽţҲЩҲգ˷ܹһС磬Ҳ֮һλԵ
С磿Ѿˣ
׿ź棬Ҳ𾪵ʵ
Цŵû뵽һɽСӾȻҲ֪磬ӵ֮֪Ҳϡ棡
Ȼǻ۰˰
ҲЩͷ˵֮ǰźĻôòˡ
Ϊ˼ʵ̫ţˣ
ᣬɣ
һӣ׷ԼȻԼĿˡ
ˣ
һӰֱӾСһıˡ
ݼ档
濴źģɫȻֳһĨƵļ֮ɫ
Цŵᣬϵ磬ұһ֮Եû뵽ôȥˣһԵټ
磬ɾҵλᱲ֮ģ֮г֮ɫ
Ŀдһ˿֮ɫ֮µǿԻһϵķɽôãҲǿջˡףԸΪزȡһ˿




2998
 

Сڣ
׿źȻģҲһľ֮ɫ
²һ˿
Ҫ֪ǻ֮ˣе²²׽磬ɽ磡
綼ܹȥˣ
θоѹԼļ϶һĳأ
ֻǺΪ˴ܣôԼЦأ
ҧҧ涼ˣкβɣԸɶ˻
úúã
ãһЦǳӤһ㴿࣡
һԵ湪棬ײɽ֮ˣǷҲһССֺεºܵΰ
沢ǲ̨Ժ˵ĻǺޱȵģ
ײɽһˣǿߵʲôҲǣ
ֺڸ̸˵أҪأ
λ̫ˣ
浭˵֮УҲһܽС磬νڤڤ֮עοɽ֮ȴܹõⱾ˵дԵ֮˲𣿡
Сӵ˵ȷЩ죬ֻǳеΣ¡
׵ʵԵ˵Ρ
Ĳ׵Σѹܹѹף
ڰֵѾû̫ʱˣٹԾ˽С磬ϵұҪȥˡ
׿ź棬߾ܣΪǰǣ
һ̾ϢҲգȻףǱ˵дԵ
浭˵ףЩϵҲ˵˵˷һͼġֻҪסһ㣬Ǳǽ磬ʱϵǰԵ
棬ʲôҲ˵
ҲЩˣ˵˵ȥʲôҲ˵ǳô
ǺȻ˵ĻôҲܱȰɣ
һЦżһ;Ī⡣֪̫෴ǣɾͻΰҵǱϵĿ飬ͨˣȻʸ֪Ķ𣿡
֪ˣ
Ҳھ̫࣬Ȼ˵ˣԼǽˡ
濴ź棬һǧû˷ˣҪʵѵĺܣ
ᣬŷҸôǲǰ
һĻҲǹһЦ
һЦȻ棬ô˵Ҳָҵһ
ףлҪԼ˸վǱ˵ġԼĸΪʵġϵҲԵϵ㼸ԺЩ
ǻ֮ˣĶǿ϶ǲһġ
Щ˵л档
һ
濴ף˵һֱЩȦˣ

ǿԼĶ治ԼĶ͸Լɣ
ʵЩƵĺˣ
濴׵ӣû˵л棿
л桭
׿źӣоһί
һ֣֮һҫ۵ĹâԭѾǳ׵ĳ˵ĸǰ
ɫϵı仯һϵķֱ˳ָ֮У
ԼĪĹ׸оѾԼ׵ʧȥϵ
ҲһľĪ

ľ֮ʣֻĶУȻһ֣ȴ·׻Ȼʣ
һ룡
Ѿǳ׵ıˣ׸оЩʶˡ
ԭɫ֮ʵһ㣬ԭɫҲǱͨ͸ˮһ㣡
⡭ǡ
׾ֵĿǰһľ
ҲסЩ㵵˵⡭Ǵ֮
ǺǣԭʲôսϵǸһ˿սѣԺɣ
¶һ˿ЦݣǶԼƷȽϵ⡣
棬⡭֮ǰʲô𰡣ײԵʵ
浭˵֮ǱԴ֮ҲԳ֮Ϊ֮Ȼ㲻ǻ編ȴҲǰˣ
ҲǼΪĶҲǼ˵
ͷȷУȴҲǺܶࡣʱ䷨ӦÿԴﵽǧ˰ɡڿռ伸˵ˡȻˣ⹥ڻ֮˵Ҳһĺܡ֮˵ȴҲЩвġ
л棡
׹ǧʱѾˡ
Ϊ˵ʱ䷨Ҳܴﵽˡ
ͷȻϵĵڶǻ֮塭




2999»֮
 


ֱ֮ǿ˼Ʒף
νǷǳǿˣ
һɽ֮ˣȻӵаĶ˵ȥ¶ûš
ʵ棬׵õԺһλˡ
˵ʵһԵ濴ǰףЩĽˣ
ǿߵĶͣ
⼴Ƿ磬ǿߣǿҲǼֵġ
ο֮˶㲻أ
һڽһʱܹͻͽˡ

ʲô붼˷ܲѣ
ɾѾ׬˵ʱ򣬽³ļֱ֣оһʯ
֮壡
һָоʮֵ
Ҫ֪磬ܹմϱߵģһĶ
״˿̿ź棬ûеôһɻĿź֮壿⡭Ҳܸı䣿
һ˵ȷǸı䲻ˣϵһ֮ʵҲʲô¡Сӵ
˵ɣɻ֮ڻҲǼΪ֮
ʵýͣΪһ̫׷ӣ
һҲǲ岻죬׬ˣ
˵Ҳʲô£Ҳ֦ͬˡ
˵֮ǰֻҪ׵ĻôԺҪ׵Сˣ
棬ðһ䣬⡭֮ʲôô
ȻҲоó֮ӦǷǳǿģҲҪŪף
浭˵䲻Ա֤˳磬缸ͨˣ
֮
Ҳɵˣͨأʲô˼
˵κεж˵ʱ
Ļ׾Ǹػ֮Ϊţһ˰
һ뵽ߣЩѪӿĸоʵ̫˰
֮˿磬֮˿ɽͬС죬ɽԷݺᣬӦúǳ԰ɣ
濴棬Ҳǵ˵
ܽˣ
Ҳһ죬ǿǸһ簡
ڻҲǳǿߵĴڣһĺôǻ˳µ飿
ֻĿһֱ磬ž𾪣
ǻ֮ˣͲˣ
һﾪˣ
ĵȻѵ
׿ź湪лͣ
ݣ
ͷ֮ʣһһİɫѾǽ׳׵ĸסˣ
һһıԴ֮ϵϴˢ׵壡
֮ǰռʱɵ˺˲Ѿ޸ϣ
ԭ׵ѪҲǳ׵ı֮ɣ
ϥ鿴ȥʮֵʹ࣬·ʲôһ㣡
濴׶֧ŲסˣҲЩǵĿź棬ԡʵҪػ֮¡
ᣬκ鶼ôɣлκε𣿲Ϊӵ֮ԻһЩĻҪɾͻ֮ܡ
ҲûйĽ̫࣬ȴˡ
֮ʵǹؼ
ͷлɣ
⣬ҵҲԿǸ졣ǻһӣҵҲεĺܡ
Լǣ̵ͷ
ó滹ǷǳʧԭΪԼȻһҲǿԿźһԵء
ˣˣᣬڤڤ֮ѾעϵΨһܹǣ׷һ̣һ̣
ԭһƬҰǰһһ·𿴵˴δϣһ㣡
ʱһһĹȥ
СڣײϵĸԼ壬ڶɹһΪѰʱ֮Ҳչ˺ܶࡣ
ֻһֱ֮У浹Ľ̸֮иĶ࣡
ʱ䣬С֮г˺żһЩʣµıǸԼ塣
˿̣
ȫеľֳһĨ͸֮ɫ
ͫ׿ȥޱȣ
룡
ĳһ̣
׵˫վȻ˺ĸǰлǰ֮壡
ͷ֮Ҳڶ֮еһֶѣ̫⡣˵һелҪԼǱⱾԴʯˡ




3000±Դʯ
 

֮壡
ʵϵǸ׿һ㣡
˵ʵ
ڵʵǶɽ٣϶һ˳ˣ
˵׵һԵӵ˽볡
ֻܷ磬ҪԼ컯
֮ǰԣκտĻԼ
֮κ˶ܹģ
֮֮꣬ˣȴ
Դʯ
Ǻ͸׵һֻ׵ڻ֪ⶫʲôô
棬ⱾԴʯǸʲôõİ
ڸҲϤһЩټ֮һЩԼ
ڸĹϵѾǸһˣ
ЦŵԴʯڵ˵ҲЩôôǺܴʯǻıԺ˻ͻдôˡ
Ϊʲôܵ˻ٸأ
ҲЩƣ˵ûɶãΪʲôҪԼأ
벻ͨҲɻĿź档
浭˵ҪñԴʯҲҪһĹ̵ģοⱾԴʯĥ֮ǵڶĵطɽ磬ϵñԴʯһ̣ദܹշļʾҪܶˡ
ԭˣл档
ҲЩԭΪⲻһͨʯû뵽ʯȻܹ飿
ͷҲҪСʯЩõġκεֻҪ뱾Դ֮ںϣЩþޱȣԺлкܴİ
Ǻö
һߣҲЩŹ˵ⶫɽ磬ҲǳĶˡ
κ
BUGĴڰ
Ҳ˵ԺǱһΪġ
Կһ;°빦
˵ʵ׵һһ찡
ҲǼ˵лͣ׶߾ȫս硣
ͷ컯Ե꣬ˡһڵǿߣ˭Ըⱳ˵ĳأ˷˵һ·ϵЩһĲɣ
ˣԽǿԽһȻ׵ġȻ²ΪΣֶĳ˿أĳʶ̧٣Ǳǲʲôأ
׿ź棬Ҳϵ˵
ʵ׵뷨ǳļ򵥣Լõеһ̣û̫࣡
һ·Ҳη壬ı
Լÿһ죬ǱǶ׬ġ
οԼȴҲ̫̫ˡ
ԣ׾Ѿûκεźˣ
ںɶ˻Ҳ岻ݴǵģ
һЦϵҹȻûпСӣʵϺܶ˵ǳףҲǳѡϵԼҲ˺ܴľİ
ɶ˻
ȻҪܴģ
ЩѾͬڡΪʲôúõѵʱ⣬ȴأ
Ѳ㶺
Ȼǣ
˺ĻҲǷǳ顣
濴źԣҵȽǡգҵ̤磬ȻУ
ᰡϵлˡֻ·;գϣܹءϵȴҲֲ˶ˣĻϵҲͲǶ˵ˣǻǰԵɣ
濴׺ᣬѾǻʧһƬ
׺Ἰͬʱ棡
˿̣
һСҲһּҪĸо׺ᶼ֪ǣʥɽ˿Ҳǵضɽҡ
뿪̤ҲͲˣ
棬Ҳ뿪ʱˣ
Ŀź뿪ҲǶһԵ
ͷЦŵףһ׬˰һǻĻָһʱ䣬ıԴ֮ɲ˷Ѱ
һ˷ѿɲҵϰߣЩԴ֮ȻҪ֮еģٺ٣
ڴȥʲôط濴׽СڵıԴ֮֮ҲЦʵ
ȥһ۳һ¸˶ԹȻǱУ
ڶɽ֮Ѿû̫Ȥˣ³Ҫһµģ
һͳɽ磬ѾǱ׸ճˣ
¡¡
ʥɽ̤һĵضɽҡѾȻ뿪ߡ
ʥɽȻڻģ




3001۳֮
 

۳
˶֪񵽵ںη
ԴʥɽʧԺʵϺܶ˶ȻѰ׵䣡
ʥɽ֮ˣħˣ
ħٵ
۳ĳҲһ֮ͣݺǣҲһƬҵ
׵Ĵ󣬿Щץˣ
Ǵ˿᧿Σȴ֪飡
۳ȸǣ
ֻһ˴Ȼһ½Ѿ֮
ɣϺõɾƣҪҪƷһ
ȸǵ·ϣȺľ˿Ҳƽ˺ܶ࣡
˵һֱնɱ³ΪĿĻĿѾˣ
ԩԩ౨ʱˣ
׾ãʱӦ˽һ¶Թˣ
ӾԼӦԼʦԸ
ؽ̫幬
֮Ը֮԰οˣ
ãŵͦġ
һ֮ˣһ׶ʱ䣬ʵû
ڻСһ꣬£ȷ԰
㣬ҲЩˡ
֣һλ
С˿׽Ժ󣬸Ϊˣ
۴ȻǴ棬ʵ϶Ѿǹ¶
һ˿ȻľͻôǴˡ
׸С˶¥ҲԹԵ˿һ
Ϊ磬¥ûˣ
һߣԵЩͻأˡ
ɣһˣ
׵ĸǰһλȵŮӯĲվĸǰ
ŮӳΪ㣬ŵҲǾµĺܡ
״ȤʵλĪҪҺ
ЦˣСūҵƹ񣬹ǽĵһˣҶӦùź͵ġ
Ůӿףֹǳĵ壡
ҲԼЦ֮ĵ֪ƹմ
СūѣҪһЩʲô˸׼Сū͹һ̳ϺõɾƣСūĸ졣
ѿףҲǹһ˿òԵ΢Ц
ţƹ񣬽ҹȾƣҲһЩҪƹһƹ¥֮Ӧ֪ĶһЩɣ
׽ԷΣʵҪĻҪѯһµ̫幬һЩ飡
˵ʵ
һֱڶû˽̫幬Ҫûʶ̫幬һЩˣ
еĻϣ̫幬һһεľۼ
Ȼ֮ǰҲ˪򸾣ڶ۳ҵԹԵ˵֪ĻһԹ߶ء
ǺǣˣѰ֮£ѶȻ֪޲޲Сū֪ģֻùˣ
ѵҲǿĺܣ֮˾ԸѶࡣ
ƣһȻҲǶģ
˴һ¥ܹɽȻĵġ
׵ͷѵ֪ƹǷ˵۳һΪ̫幬ģ
ϡʲô˼
һ˵û뵽ȴѼķӦ
üʵôƹα˵Ľţ²һʣ
ҡҲ֪˵ʲô
ѿף֮оĨ˼ɱ
ҲǾ椺ö˶˵ôأ
йŹ֣
׾úйŹ֣ѿ϶֪̫幬ġ
Ī֪һЩʲôزɣ
׵˵ƹ˷Լ㣬ĳֻʶѣΪĳ̫幬ĳλЩԨԴҪѰһ
ԲɣСūĲ֪ʲô̫幬
ƶĿףʱѾǻָ˳̬
׵˵Ȼ֪ĻǱˣĳҲǿ󣡡
Ȼ֪ΪʲôͻȻôķӦ׵Ҳǲ
ܾЩ⣬ڵʲô⣬ľͲ֪ˡ
ЩĲɵĸ׵˼ƲˣȻ󼱴Ҵҵı뿪ߣ
Ҳûе£
ԼĪʱĹ
ҪȥɾʱһʶȻס
׵ֿһ˿Цû뵽ͳԸĹԼȻ˸ˣ
Ҳνʱ׻Ҫ˭ĵô
ĸ״ˣ
ԭѾȥһεĻԱվһ󸾣ҲʮֵӺݣ
ֻŮӿ׵ıȴһĨ˪
λӣɷҸһ𣿡
󸾲Ǳ߳סȻ֮кâ˸ȴƵ
ԭҪѵˣڵǶ˸Ȥˣ
Ҫ˵ʲôˣ




3002
 

¥֮У
¥Ҳֻ׺ĸŮڴˣ
׿ŶҲǵʵ£
ȷһЩҪѯһ¹ӣ֪ӿɷ͹⣿
ƺһֱǲ̲ӣ˭óײӦĻľҪˣ
ŮĳȻǹˣ
׿ҲǵһЦ
ԭΪһ϶ӣɿһӣҲһЦʶ࣡
ѣ񣡡
һԵѣ֮ҲĨһ˿Ĳ֮ɫ
ѹǣĸ״ˣ
һУȸǵĳ˹ȥ
ʱ˱һۡ⴦ۡȥҲûʲôر֮
ҪȸӵһĸۡǿҪѲٵʯġ
ĸŮȸǻҲǷǳĿԡ
⸮ۡ¼ֵ㲻ڰƷʯˡ
ˣˣ
ſڣѵĸ׸Ѹո̤УһλѾӭȥ
ɻʾڣ
׵üͷȻɻʾвʲô
ĸŮ֮ۡһŵͷȻɻʾڣ⵹Щû뵽
Ҫ֪ѵĸҲɻʾڶѣ
ţ壬ȥɣҸ͵
ѵĸ׿ŶӣҲ
õģˣ
ͷ׵񲢲ʮֵѺã
׵ҲνԭҪ˵Ҫʲô
ҿڣ
Ǹ˲δ£վ
ʽȻҲǿóʲô춯Ļ´˻ֱӶˣ
ûŪ֮ǰȻҲᶯ֣
ܿ죬Ѻĸױ˿ʱѵĸǻһɫ£ȥʮֵׯأ
ֹӣ
ѵĸҲǿһơ
ѿһԵĸףЩ۵ĸ״ˣ˻
вҪסѣҲǳ
Щ߷߲ƽ˿֮̿г˵⡣
׿ˣ֪λĳϣΪ
ֹӣ¥֮Ů飬ʲô˼
ոԺ׵ĻҲվǳ
ĳҪһЩѣôΪ˼
׿ӣеĲյҲһڣзһ
һԵˣĪżҲܲǵݣɱǣ
壬¾Ǳ۳˸˰
ϸֳһĨ֮ɫȥƺЩ
ЦһһѣˡС㣬һ۳ȮǴɱȻԶط£
ط̸ף֮۳һ˭ĺ۳Ȩأ
ϸֳһĨ֮ɫ
һԵѵĸ״ˣǶô꣬Ҳ׬ˡǱˣΣ͸˵һǴһ֮ǰҲһﵱ汳ģ
˵λһһ͵ʲô
ҲЩ￴ĸоƺҲ֪һţ
Щ˼㲻Ǿ̫幬ˣҲ̫幬Ѳ˵ĸϵ
ԭֻǾ¥Ӧô̽ϢһЩû뵽һλпأ
ֵģ㵽ǲ۳Ȯ
ѿףԭŮģѾǳ׵ʧȡ֮һŭݣ
һԵѵѣȥĶʰʰһɱԺ뿪ߣ
ãĸ״ˣ
ѿףǷŭģȥЩƤ
Щεҡҡͷ˵ĻֵúܣҴ̫̽幬飬Ϊ̫幬ԨԴôѰٻĸʲô
㡭˵ʲô̫幬ԨԴΪʲôʶ㣡
׵Ļʶѿڶ
һѵĻɫһ䣬̺еѣҵĻѲû𣿡
һԵҲɫһˣؾţѾˣô֪Ǿ̫幬Σ۳ǰ߹ǵʱѾԶ߸߷ˣ
Ǿ̫幬ˣҲЩסˣҲ߯ɺһЩɣ
ɺϵԼЩˡ
üԣԼɭĿ⿴װȻкηұҪҵľŷˣ




3003ʵ֤
 

ľŷˣ
仰ʱҲһȦ
ôɺϵأ
Ҫǣ̫幬걻۳νľŷôûʶأ
Ȼʶô࣬ô۳ģ
۳·ӦҲܷŹǲŶԣ
νŻɽ󻼱
׵ɻ´һ
ľŷˣôܣ
׿Ҳ΢΢ҡͷߵ֪֮٣
ոոɣһʱỹڻ״̬֮УҪ׵ӦҪһЩ
ԣԭܼ򵥵ڱЩˣ
ߣʲôܲܵģĵ۳߹Բú
ѿף쿴ףһӡ
ַˣðһ䣬̫幬켫һʱΪķˣʶǵӦҲٰɣȸ֮ãѲĵĳɵӲɣ
׿Ҳǳ
Щüʵ㵽Ҫʲô
˿̣
׵Ļ֮ĲʲôԵĻһ˿֮⣡
Ӧð
ǰͻȻǾ̫幬飬Ƿʲô
ܹʱλһ֮õţ
Ϊʲô֮ǰôʧ̬ΪʲôԴף
ʵһжΪĸŮо٣
Ҫһ
׵ӣκεɱҲЩԥˣ
ղĳѾ˵ˣĳǾ̫幬ѣ˷ǰ۳ΪѰҾ̫幬Ҵ߶ѣֻû뵽¾Ȼ֮ɵ飬ʵǡ
ҲЩεĿȷɺϵĲɺˣ
˵ʵԼû뵽㣡
üҾ̫幬ѣ
ĸ״ˣһɣΪ˻ôİɣ
Ѹ׵Ļڵ׿ȥ˵ϡ
һԵҲǵͷˣҲΪ˲̫ף֮ѣ𣿡
ҲգֹӼȻԳԼ֮˵ѣ֪˭
ףҲһ˵ʵҲԥ쳣
һ׵ȷûʲô⣬һһľΪ˻
֤ף
÷ǳбҪҲɱлܺһЩ
̫幬Ҳĳʦ𣡡
׿Լ仰˵ǲţ
Ȼʲôˣ
ЦЦ ƶǰ˻ԼΪ˻֮ˣ
ԭ׵һ˿øѾǳ׵ûˣ
ҲǽһҸ״˵ͽܲ˶ѣ۳һεΧ֮УѾɵ״˱㱻նɱȸ⣬ڸ˵Ǹ״˵ͽܣ浱С
ֹӣھ͸һĽͣ򡭡
ףһԵѾγ˺Χ֮ƣ
ֻҪ׵κε춯ǻͻˣ
ҲƵĿʦôأ
˭ʦҿΪ˻Ҫˣ
ѿףĲм֮ɫ
ҷںʱεΪͽףʵ
ʦ𴫳ҵʱѾǽһƲлڡ׿
һƲлꣿʲôطۿһ죬ʵ
̾һʵܶǳ鷳ɣҵһǳ򵥵ķ֤ʦΪΣ
ʲôüʵ
ʵ
׿壬ЦЦ
ʵƾèĹ𣿡һԵû˵һָͷܹ㣬Ųţ
ڰ֣׵˵ֻҪܴӮһκһˣǱ㣡
ʵϣ
Ҳֻ֪Ҫܻһˣ߶Ȼûģ
ο۳߹Ļôʱھ¥ʱ򣬻ѾԶ˲
ôô˼ҲûбҪˣ
Ѿ˲𣿡
׿һԵ壬Ҳ΢΢һЦ
㡭Сӱ̫ˣƾʲô˵ˣ
һ׵ĻҲһ߸ߡ
⻹ûпʼأ˵Լˣ
˭Ҳǲģ
׿˿㿴ĵﴦǲһҸողŷȥġ
㡭˵ʲô
˿̣壬һԵҲڵ
ĻǴ˵ʵѾܽǿֱǿֲˣ




3004
 

һ
ƺûʲôǰ֮ŵĻľֲ̫ˣ
Ҫ֪˼ûп׶ֵ£˼ѾǿȻĵˣ
Ҫֻ֪һ񣬿һأ
ֲ˹
ݳֳӲ֮ɫʶԼλã
һԵҲǿ壬ǾһӦڿЦ
ɵǿݱɫ֮֮дһ˿ֻ֮ɫ
֣
˼ͬʱԺ֮ðһͷ
֮ǰǻĵҪɱ˼ңû뵽ǣ˾Ȼ˾ĸ֣
壬桭У
壬˵ҲЩ
ΪΪ⣡
оԼôһ״̬һֱЦӣʵɻǲʵ
ɫصͳһ׵͡飿
ˣ
ݸһЦǼƷֻǿȥΪͨѣ
Ҳǲʶ֮ˣ¶ݵֹ֡ӣ⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ϣ⵽ʲô
ѲʶϾʵҪͲ٣
ƷѾЩ豹ˣǴﵽһεǿ߼ǷǵǰǿҲʶ
ѾˣӣҲЩ߷߲ƽ
һôͱɸأȥԼҪһЩ
Ȼһʿȥƺôһĳڣ
壬ĪǷ
Ȼûȥ𣬿ҲЩϾǻƭ˵ģ
϶Ƿģнģ
ô˵Ҳǰ˼άƲ⣡
忴ѵˡС㣬⡭ⲻǷǼƷֵǡ
Ʒ
һǿǹ屦֮еĹ屦
һԵȻҲǸɵӣ⼫Ʒ˵˾ˣʲô˼Ұ
׿ˣǳЦһʦһӦҵĻ˰ɣ˵ʵЩȷǺ鷳֤ѷǵв𣿡
ֹӣͽɾ֪һͽ
֮ǰҲһ㶼ţܾεĺܣ
׿˵ղѾ˵ˣʦҵʱѾֻʣһƲл꣬һƲл껹ΪܵıŴģѾǱ۳Ūξˣ
㾹Ȼ֪˵Ӧˡʵ֪˲࡭
ףҲǱʾͬ
ţ˷ǰ̫幬Ϊʦ𱨳
˵ԼߵĿģǽʵ̫ɺϵĻȵȾֱ³ˣ
ڿķˣ׵Ǹоڤڤ֮ƺʲôǣԼһ㣡
ΪҸױǲС
ѿףһε֮ԱǣΪܹ۳λʵ̫̫ˡ
Ҳ˵ģô˾һˣҪΪԼĸױ
Īⴺλûذɣ
ѣҪȻֹ㸸׵ͽǱʦ֡ο㸸״ѾֹӻΪ䱨ѾǷǳ֮ˣֵõָָ𣿡
ǱҪ̫ˣһһһԵ࣡
ѱ죬ȻҪ˵Щʲôջû˵óڣ
һԵ忴׵ֹӣ۳һֱ׷ѰҴߵ䡣׻˵úãھǵƤӵ£ǷиֹֻҪһ֮߸۳⡭ʵǡ
ֹӣԲܹѾΪףûʮİձҲǿ̸ҵǱȸ꣬ΪľгһһĻᣬ̫ˡҵȵʵ˵Ǳˣȥ˾
ףҲ΢΢һ̾
˵ʵ˭Ըⱨأ
Ǳ˵Ǿˮлһ㣬ɴ
ȻˣȻаյġֻҪ֪굽ô£
׿壬Ҳüʵ
ԼʦͽУʱʵִ̫٣ǵʱԼ˵ԼҲ
ڲһˣ֪ĶѾ̫̫ˣ
ʵһе֢ᲢԼϣ˵̫幬ıǸ޻̸֮Ȼ̫幬켫һʱҪв۳ǾԲܵ顣
ףҲ΢΢һ̾
֢ʲôط̷ʵ
һԵ̾һֹӣʵһжΪ˵ʮˡ




3005¸
 

ʮˣ
һ±ƵĿ壬һķ׻һû˵
ԭΪķӦöˣ
ոŷˣȻʮˣ
ʵƵĿԣ
׶ٸŰĪǱԼҪࣿ
㲻ҵͽⶼ֪
ѿףԭΪ֪ĺܶ࣬׵һ̲ס˵
ЦһһҲԼķˡ
ʦʮ˵ô°
ԭΪǳɱڿ̫幬ſɲǳɱô˰
һȻʮñ壬۳һͳ˧Ů
һͳ˧ôû
Ҳһƣ۳˽⻹ĲǺܶ࣡
ʲôҲû˭
㾹Ȼһͳ˧ûѾ㵵ĿףȻ㻹ҪΪҵ𣿡

ҲΪΣЩȻͷ
Ҳ¶һ˿ЦݵʵȷǸŮҲǷΣ˰㺡˽ʵҲǺ飡
Ȼأ׿ҲǼʵ
˭Ҳ֪ǣ۳۾³ŮҲʮϲر
˵˼ؼڵ㣬һӾͻȻ
ԭԼʦ˵۾ǽǰ
ֲ³һл³򰡣
һԵȻΪ̫幬ı֮ʵҵ˻֪ȥġ̫幬ԭѾʮǿ󣬶Ҳ⣬³ĻҲ顭
̾һû뵽ʦǸ˰Ӧ֪⣬ˣ˵Ӧమ
ô֮һֱǵͷҲϣгһܹΪֻڱͬڷɶ˻𰡡
ףҲ΢΢ҡͷ
Ȼ֪ȥǷǶԴҲһ仰仰ܹ˵ģ
ɼȻͽܣΪԼʦ𱨳ı֣
еһΪʦΪ
Ȼ׽ӴʱΪݣеķȴǼصģ
ʮʦںδĪǱˣ
׿Ҳʵ
屻³һʥּѺܲȥ˱Ȩ̤Ұ벽
Ҳ̾һѾ˷ˣ
ھҲ֪嵽ǻ
һֱǱرأǼҪ˴̽Ϣȡϵûгɹ
忴׵ֹӣȻ˵ͽ͸ӵӦñԼҾ̫幬ΪΣӦäĿ嶯
ǰֹӣʦҲҪȰһ䣬Ѫ嶯ȻǺãɥʵǵòʧܹΪǿߣΪҲٲ𣿡
ᣬʵǲϾ·
Цŵ޷ȻʮʦﻹţҵҪȥˣʦԸһô
㡭˵ʲôҪӲҲɣ
ոȰοףһתͷ֮ȻҪȥ塣
ѲԼղŵЩǰ˵
ǽһƣһʵЩĸо
ΪͽˣʦȻˣʦﻹڳ˵ʹ࣬ΪͽĳȳʦҲ岻ݴǣ˵ʮʦˣǾʦˣĳҲ߾ȫи
׿ʮֵļᶨ
һԵһ̿ףЩʧ
һǷǳ񣬶һ׵˰
ҲǿȰοҪأ
ߵľٰ˳״䡣
ⲻǳĶ۳
սҲǿ֪ˣ
ǰһ֮ҲǸһȻһҪ̶壬Ǹʲôأ
ֹӣȥĻǡʦľˣ
ʵûа취Ϊ֪Լסף
һԵѿ׵ӣһҿǸǰϷɣҾͲĸȥ
ѣ֣
ԭҪȰοסףԼ˵䣬ԼŮ仰ʵЩ̼˰
ĳ嶯뿪Ļǵʱô죿
ҾȳʮʦԺž۰ɣʦǣ
ȸǼ֮һ㣬ںģ
ֻǿȥӰһջȻʮֵԥ




3006¾㵵
 

ȸǣң
˵ңǿ۳켫һʱĳţ
峤ǿ۳ĵһͳ˧λڵ۳ļλ£
Ҫǣ۳һıȨУ
֪³Ƕôǿˡ
ֻǿᣬһЩ˶ʡ
ʵϣ굽ʶҲǱĳЩһֲ߻ġ
ҵſڣ
ϡɵļȥǰһ㣡
ʵϵ۾Ѿ´ʥּ֮˱ѺڸڣĸҳĻ˿
ԭͥȣ߼ʽ
ÿ⼸ҲµĿ֮ˡ
ߺˣѱ⣬˵һɲ룡
׸ոճҵĴſڣ㳯׿һʵ
ҷҪȥأ
׿ŶļҲЦһʵ
Ϊ׵ǸףҲͳһƵͳ˧ˣȻ£ǻ˰š
ڣ
Ϊ֮һԵļ˾ǿҲе̫ˣ
иһЩӣֶֺΪأ
ҽץһᵽͳ˧ͣӳпܾѵ
˿ףҲһ
ұѵѾǲʵ
Ȼ˶֪ҲѵǸ۾ñӵˣǲѵҲѵˣ
¡
Ǽ׼ʱȭӰĿһĳżϮ
գ֮䣡
ǼѾǱնɱҵǰֻʣǸΪ֮˺֮зһ๾
㡭ô󡭡ôĵӣɱͳ˧ˡ
࣡
Ǽһ˵֮һεԼĿˮԼҲˣ
ɱ˱ɱˣΣ
׿Ϊ֮ˣµģҲû̫飡
ȸڵɱˣ
ѵĸɱͳ˧ˣǴеĴ£
һˣ˭£Ƿ˰ɣ
㡭ҵš
һ̵ĹѾˣһСֱӱ׸նɱˣ
Ϊ˼ҸɱˣȻǸɱԼ
ֲɵҴҵĻȥҪȥŰ
Ҫ˵֮ǰֻ㵱һӵĻôȫȷһѵŲСĹϵģ
׵Ӱʧҵſڣ˿ԶһطѺĿɿڴĿǰһУ
ʵϣ
ԭ嶼Ϊǳ嶯Ҫ֮ˣ
ΪѹҲȥʮ˵ģ
ϾǿдȷǷǳķ
ǲҪˣΪ˾Բˣ
һľ磬ɵ㶵ǵģӦ˰ɣ
أ
˶°Ͷ쾪ĵˣ
⡭ֹ̫嶯˰ɣնɱͳ˧ˣǲҵһ𶼸𣿡
忴Ҳ΢΢ҡͷȻ̾һ
üԭΪʵӦûԣ츳ҲһпǼͽҲôɡҲ̫ǿˡ
Ҳĸ״ˣһǲǸɵӰôֱ㶵ĳȥˣһҾҪΧˮйͨ˰ɣ
ˣӦô죿ô˵ֹҲΪ˱Ƕڰ⡭
忴ҲΪѵĺܣ
۽ˮô죿˵ʵԴԺЩǹһ㣬صģǷĲѣȥˡ
ĸ״ˣɱŻҰҪ˵ĻҲģ
һԼĸ׵Ļˮ
ҿΪһУҵʲôںأѣĸ𣿡
ѣҲǴһ˿Цݣ
Ц֮дŵıһ˿ļ
ĸ״ˣҵһжǸ״˺ҵģѲκεԹ
ѿҲϵ˵
һԵˣʵҾǻǾȽ׵νûκε岻𣿡
ǰֹܲܿԼںôŰɣ
壬Ҳε˵
ֹ¼ΪĹŹ֣ʵҲǿԵġѰ֮ӦκβοֻǾ˶ѡҵ˼ٵȵȿ
վҵſڲԶʵ˶֪ڳȥѣ
νǿǷɶ˻һ㣬ûκε壡
᲻ԼŮйһӡ
ҪֵĻҲȴԼŮ뿪Ȼȥ
ֻһο»ĲǶ֣
˿̣
Ѿҵĸڣҵĳ̨ͤ¥֮ϣһһ塭




3007¡֪
 

Ժ
ҳ壬ļ֮⣬Ǹյ뿪ˣ
Ҫ֪³Ҫͽʵˣ
ˣʵҲû̫𷣣
ֻ³ΪйߣҲɱ˲֮ˣ
˿̣
̨ͤ¥֮ϣƺ鲢ģ
ظ±۳һͳ˧ɣ
׿ŲԶһӣҲǵʵ
סڣҸ׵ҲС֮𣿡
忴ףĿһɱ
ʦƢǻĺܰ
׿Ŷ̨֮ͤһϮ£ʥһ壬Ҳǰһ
ȷһ۲۵ĳŮ
ֲԼʦôķ񣬿ҲһҰҺ֮˰
ʦ
һҲЩסˡ
һԵ嵭˵壬壡
Ǹ״ˡ
ЩֵĿף֪ΪʲôһẰԼʦ
΢΢һ̾ΣҵȱȦ˴ܼأ
üͷһ壬ۿ׵Ҳ֪Ǵʲôطģôȥ
ʦ˵Цˣĳ˷ǰҪʦ뿪˴ģ
׿壬Ҳ΢΢һЦ
뿪ܼ伫û뵽ͷӾӱǾȻŹǣ
ףҲŭֵ
˧ضŭĳʲôܼ֮ˣӲӺʦʵʦﲻʶ£ʵҲʶʦʦϢһʦ˵ġ
׿壬Ҳǲż
𣿡
һʦҲȤʵ
ʮʦǲŵĻǸҳȥԺԿʦˣ
׿壬ҲǵһЦ
ףʼüͷޱ顣
˿̣
סĴף·Ҫ׿͸һ㣡
ʵǿᣬܹΪ۳һͳ˧ʵôأ
Ǿ۳ǿʵѰЩôܿסأ
ֻ֪Լ³ĻôпܻˣԼŮҲ
壬·ţΪĵһͳ˧κ鶼СĽġ
忴ף̾һ㻹߰ɣͽܣʵ㲻Ҫ뿪۳ܣ
ǣ³ǸһҪˣ
Цһʱ³Ҳֱ
ɴ۾ףƺһˣΪ³ȻУ
ܼ֮˵Ļǲֱӽг۾ɣ
㾿ʲôˣ
ףҲǼæʵһﵽţȻôţ
ʲô˲ҪҪҿԾǣʵ߲ҲνΪܿ۳㲻ˣ
׵˵˷ǰĿ˲³֮⣬һĿһͳ½
һѡֵĿ۳
ֻҪ۳˳Ǳ۳ǲڻ£ʱϷ۳ǸӲ˵ˣ
ÿĿ֪ղɱͳ˧ˣٲߵĻţûа취ˣ
ףҲ΢΢һ̾
Сӻܴһܰºڵˣ
ʶˣû뵽һͽܣȻ֮Ҵ
۳
ʲô˲Ÿ˵ĻΪ۳ĵһͳ˧ô֪ܲ۳Ƕôǿأ
˵ģ³ʵǱɲְ
ֹӣϽ߰ɣҸ״˵ûһˣҲ߲ˣ
˿̾ȻʶĿʼˣ
Ľ׵ΪһȻ
ڵǡ
׵ĻһƣǷ˰ɣ
֪
ɫһƬı䣬˹ȻԸ񶼸࣡
ͷ֪ԼôģȻʲôʦ̳ʲôͽܣ
ı۾ðɣ㺰һʦΪʦκѡҲлл㽫ҼСʵĲðյģûʲô塭
ʦɣҵȵƺѾˡ
׿壬Ľʵν顣
ʵ˵
Ҳֻ֪ʵŻԼʲôģ
¡¡
׻֮ʣӰѾǳҸŮ׵ĸǰ
Ϊ֮˿ҲЦһ˧겻ɰð




3008
 

Ҹڣ
һ˵ϴһɱ֮ɫ쳣ı䣡
˿ǿ׵ˣ翴һ㣡
ţû뵽㾹Ȼˣ
ˣɫҲ쳣ѿ
ţ
۳񳬼ܼҵĸ峤Ҳ۳һͳ˧е׵ܵܣ
ȻֻǸ峤ɴսթ֮
˵ݺҵļıҲŪģֻһֱûеõ֤ѣ
ܼҵƣѾį˹ˣ
ô˧˧ƺ̫
ſȥһ㶼żڵ٩
Ϊ۳ĵһͳ˧˿Ҳ߬ȭͷţ
ţСˡ˧㣬Ҽǲһֲ߻ģ
Ŀ֮дһ˿ĺһӷŭ֮Ա
ŹһЦ˧ôȥˣ㻹ô氡۵ΣڵĽѾˣ㻹֮̽ǰЩʲôأѲ㻹ָʥΪҷɣ
ŵЦ֮дһĨ֮ɫ
³˼Ѿʲô֮ˣ
ֻʱЩ֪ԲŸܼҵóѵĻᡣ
ܼѡ̫幬ΪĿ꣬ʵҲΪʱͷϲӢ۵ʱ
һʯ
ܼҲߣҪȡһͳ˧֮λ
ʱΪԼĴһƣܸһʶ
һεˣʵܼ֮˿Ϊ֮
˧ֻҪ֪ࡣ壬㵱һѲ㲻ɺ𣿡
Ҳû뵽δԼἰµĸףͻȻڼܼҵȺ֮ѣ
Щü״ˣἰҶˣȥܼҵĺ԰еŮ˵ҲܼСܼСûг̸֣
Ȼܼڱ󵷹
Щ΢΢ƺЩܲʵ
ֻܹ̫ɫֻܹŮزסԼĵߡѲ֪ʥϿƥԼֲ֪ܹ˭
ſҲĨһ˿ľ֮ɫ
˧ɱ㣡
ţҲŭһƺôһӷй˳
źٺһЦѲûзʵһ첻һôܼ꣬ҸõĶӵϣӦһЩЧİɣ
ţǶԱ˧ʲô
ţҲĿɿڴ
ôҲû뵽ܼҾȻ쵽˵ĵز
ֲ֮ǰԼоԼʵЩĸо
ԭΪΪԼԭ򣬵ԼһЩƫ
ŷ֣ģ
ԭȻܼҵ˷˶ҩЩ˵˼Ǵĺܰ
ʲôʵҲûʲôֻΪͨһͨҩѣǶԵһЩˣڷüûκεˣ
Ŵ˷ǰƺûдκεĻڣ
ô˵˾̫幬ʵϾܼˣ
ɪɪ֮ʣ׵ǵ
׿ڣ˻ôˣ
ղžɱͳ˧ˣ̫幬ǲٰ
ſ״˳Ҳüʵ
˧ˣͼ̫幬߸ҵ۳ĩ븱˧ҵ׽շ
ŵΧλŽεӶһԵŹ
ã˧׼ˣ
ſ˿ΧˣҲ¶һ˿ɭȻЦݡ
İڰֵš
־ܣɱۣ
ŵߣһһЩĽףҲŭָ׵
ſ׵û뵽̫幬Ǵ紵쿴Ǳ˧·ĺӰһ뿪
ţ㴦ĻǿվҪҰܼҲú
ţҲЩŭĵ
ƺûźŵǰɣһ䣬ʦǲܼݺ
챾˧û뵽Ȼһͽܣ
źٺһЦϸֳһĨɱ
ˣȻ˵ĻôܼҽԴɽʧˣ飡
׿ţҲûκε飡
ܼԭǸ̫幬ף
ȻϢʱô˷Źأ
Ҫ֪ôָ꣬ôĨɱأ
һԵ忴һ̣ҲǾ㵵Լ͡




3009鱨
 

飡
˻֪ǸΪ׽˼Ǽģ
Ҫ֪鵱һֱĿʾˣ
ֻм֪ĴڣϾǳأ
ڵ忴һ̣֪˵Ļʵˡ
˿̣
ŭڣŶҲкâ˸
ҲƴסһƲл꣬˱Ļᣡ
֮ޣ
ײǸͬܣȴһĻĻľŹģ
ʱȻҲִ̹ǵʹ
飬㡭㻹ţ
忴飬ˮѾǴʪգ
鿴嵭һЦʮˣЩӣԺڸ͡Ȼ֪˳ˣǱˣ
û뵽ѵԽԽడ
ſ飬ҲĨһ˿̵ζ
鿴ŵһΪ³ףû뵽׾Ȼ㣡
Ǳ˧ΣȸǣЩҪ첻ɣ
Ŵ˳ǸǳЩʱҲǼΪĿ
ǰ֮˵ʵôһ㣬οǲɣ
׺ǴϽ뿪ߣܵԽԶԽãסǣ
忴Լĸ׵״ˣѾû˻ŵ롣״ˣ嶨Ȼ
壬㡭ôôɵһѣֵ𣿡
ԼŮǳʹ
ûκεİ취˵ΨһʵҲԼŮ
֮£³콫ΨһĶɳȥսɳ˺Ҳûл
ԣԵϣԼŮˡ
ԼŮģҲ絶һ㣡
ܣȻѵžһǷǳĿϧˣ
ſˣҲǷЦ
ţҸƴˣ
ţҲὣУŵķֱӱɱȥ
ݣ
Ĩһ˿Ц⣬ԼɱӣҲǻһ㣡
ֻһ̣źȻ֮оһɼΪǿ
ɫޱ䣡
ܵҪǹʵ̫ǿᣬԼ쳣ѣ
飬ʵѾǴﵽʥڣ
һɵڵţһ㣡
ޣ
һ̣ΪһĨǿޱȵĽ
֮
ټĽѾǳ׵ʧٶȱ֮һԳֵǿϲ٣
Ľδִŵ֮ʱ㵵ķһֲʵ
ŵֻ첲Ѿǳ׵ʧĸǰ
˷·𱻶Ǳһ㣬˿һľĪ
һԼ۾ŶŵʱҲǾˣ⡭⡭
˿̣
žйƤһ㣬ĿһĨͣ
̫ǿˣ
ʵ̫ǿˣ
Ҫ֪ԼʵɵڰȻֱԼķһоͻԼ
ֲ쳣
һ˿Ķûˣ
ݺţٲйߣ
֮дһĨ̵ζɽһֱڣûһܹӵ˵ķŭ
ˣˣ
۳һͳ˧¶ѾΪĿ꣡
㡭㵽˭
ſ飬֮дŵĳ˿־壬һ˿İ֮ɫ
֪ƫͲ㣬İɣҲĿģͺúõΪ׼ٴͰɡ
鿴ţҲǿЦ
һԵ׿Ǽηǰ֮ˣ˵ȥǵӽйŶˣ֪ͨһ³죬˵ߵ
ʥʥϣ
˿׾Ȼ˵ʥϹҲŵһ£
Ҫ֪۳˭ôţ棬ʥǰ
ô˵Ļ³ʱ֮󲻵ǿɾͲҪȸˣ
װȻǹ۰µǼŵһ£
ǽʾ֭Ҳ벻ͨ˵˭Ϊʲôôţ棿
һԵ忴ףҲһĿɿڴ
˿̿˵ͣƺҲȼһ˿ϣ
Ī˴ͷ۳˶У
ܿ뵽һܣǱһһźţҲǳ׵ķ˹ʵֹӣɷǴʥɽ
ȷǸմʥɽ˧ȻҲ֪ʥɽ׿Ҳ΢΢һЦ
ֲֹ˰ԭǴʥɽֻҪֹһǣ³ıǿǴͷ
ȻаһЩǵ
װڰ֣Ȼ˧ǻһıݰɡ
á
׺֮ʣһϤ˵ĶУ
һ̽Ҹۡ




3010¹
 

Ҹۡ
һһдΪ죡
һΨһ˾С˵ı֮£ܲޣ
οΪԼԭԼĸսɳԼĸױУ
ΪˣⱲԼҸҲ˵أ
Ѿû˿֮ͬɫ
Խǿʹ಻Խһֱĳ֮У
ոտʱѾǳ׵Ĵһ
㣬㰡
һҲ¶һ˿ΥЦݣ
ңû뵽һ컹
壬ӵһ𣬱ͷʹޣ
ĸ״ˡ
׼̸Զ׷Ѿߣ
ѣ㻹ߣٲ߾ˣ
ԼŮȥҲɫͨ죬Щˣ
ĸ״ˣҪһˣһŻʲô˼أ
Ѵ˿̷·¶ʲôһ㣬Ŀ֮ޱȵļᶨ
忴Цŵҿѵʱ򣬻ǸСŮû뵽ڶôأ
ʮˣ
Ѳʶ壬һԵȴʶġ
忴壬Ҳۿһɺð
úúãһֱܺáô꣬һֱ͵ڿԹһˣ޺ֻ˵У
忴һһԵҲ΢΢һ̾
ŷˡ塭
ĶΪѸ٣٣ٶȿɲһܹģ
ԶһѪȵζѵһ˳
һкҲϲĿС飬㡭û
ûһ˵һƲл˳ɷͨȥ׽磬˱ڵĵطѰĺˣԾҴΪͽ
鿴ףҲǽܵ
ô˵ֹͽˣ飬֪κ˿٣鲻ģ
ͷˣҴôȾŷ˺ʮأ
ܹͽܣȪ֪ҲܹĿ˰
弸һ̾˵һ˿Īıˡ
Ҫ֪ǵһȷˣеһĨȻǱһεĹ
һԵĳΪλǸϽ뿪ĺá
ǰֹʵ̫嶯ˣôҲȰȰ˵³çԺҪԴİ
ĻҲЩ𱸵Ŀ飡
Ȼ˵û̫ô˵ǻõġ
Ҵһ㲻Կ
鿴壬Ҳ¶һ˿ֿЦݣЦݻֻ˵Ľ֮вŻ֣
ҲЦŵֹǴʥɽżʥˣǿҲøӰɣ
ʥɽʲôط
ѹҲ֪ʥɽʲôط
ʵϣڶ½ȷǷǳĲ
֪ɽ˶½֮⣬ʥɽĴڣ
֮УɵۼǿѾɽĶڣһա̤ˣ
֪֮ǰʵϻҪһʥĴģ
һ֮½Ҫĵطֶţëһ˱Ǻ绽ǿߣ
ûȥʥɽʵҲ̫
ݸһЦʥɽҲˣ
ֹǫˣʥɽɽ֮ʥأȻ᲻ġ
ףѾǽ׵ʥɽĵϵʲôˣ
ȻҲ֪˵ôģ˼ҴʥɽһҸ³Կ
ɵӣǱẓ̇
ѲԼһ˾ܹ۳
ܣ
ĳĻҲΪŴɽԼʵɣ
ЦЦȻҴʥɽҲʥɽ֮ˣ
ɫһ䣬ʿˮֹӲʥɽ֮ˣǡǡ
Զ۳׵һЦ
ʲʲô۳ɫһ䣬׺һԵ˵ǡǻʲôһˣҲ߲ˣ
ߣﰡЩ٩ʵ
Ѳߵӳȥһһֺα߳أ
ǰˣҲһֱĸо
֮ǰеϣ׵ϣ֪һѹǸðƻ
۳ˣ
Ƕ۳ĵ۾³пҲ㲻ʲô
˧ˣΪѾǱΧˮйͨˣ
׵һЦ˿Ӷ쳣
ʱˣȻЦĳ
ĪյͽбȺ֢һרŹģ
ͳ˧˵
׻δ֮ʣһ߿ѾҵĴű䷭ڵأ




3011ڳֵ³
 

һɱ֮ϯң
һװ߹ʱ˵Ŀⶼϣ
ԭȥ糯ɵȵʱȴһΪ𾪵Ϣ
ǾԼĵܵܣҲ۳ڶͳ˧ţȻ˽ɱ
ң
۳˲֪˲
Ϊҵ飬ܶ˶Ѿ궿ˡ
Ȼ֮۾³ûʹɱ֣峤ĵһͳ˧ҲǱˣ
ʢһʱҾʹ˵̨úܶ˶겻ѣ
ްպ죡
ȻҲˣӺ绽굽ҵ䣬ҽһϦ֮ͷͻˣ
ôȥˣ˭ǵõأ
û뵽ǣҾȻʱг۶ˣ
ûлظֱۡӳҵķ˹
Ϊ֮˵˾ȻҪ³죬ҿǼΪǿӲ
ҲһĺɣҴ⣬ߵͬʱҲȥʹͨ˵ʥϣ
һӣʥƺЩܶҲǾһ֣
ֻҲûа취µĻҲֻʥϲܹˣ
ܸ˧ڣ
ǱɨһȦδŵӰ
һԵ˿ŲԶ⽴Ҳǹµͳ˧ˣ˧˿֡Ѿˣǡ
Ȼɱҵ۳ͳ˧㻹ǹְ
ɫΪѿʵѾǿŵ·ˣ
ֶֻξȻ˵Ĳ
׿еֻضѣֶܼ˾̫幬û뵽һĽְɣ
̫幬û뵽ǾȻǾ̫幬ߣúõĶڽ棬ƫƫѡһ·ǻ˰
Ŀ֮дһ˿֮ɫȻǾ̫幬֮ˣЩԥ
˾ȻܹնɱţǱ˵ʵǳǿᣡ
ûн
ûǽ꣬ôܵأ
вǳ嶯֮ˣҲ쳣侲
ŵжϳǱѰ
׿е˵ͳ˧ǹʮ㣬ֻȻҵȸǵĵ
ң㻹ûиʲôط
вż֣Ҫȵľʥϵĵ
Լƴֱӽȼֵ⽻ʥϺˡ
пֻҪ³ˣһб˵ˣ
ԿҿͲҪ׷ˣһ³ˣҲģ
׿УҲ¶һ˿Цݣ
ʥϣң˰Ⱦ̫幬Ǹһ
Щŭɶ˵
еУڿ㵽ôݺҵģһʥǵʣ
Ϊ˧㲻ɣŮǵȹ֮£ܻҵͥΪʥϻĹ𣿸οܼеöˣѲɻ㲻ɣ
гЦһʼǸ߸ϵġ
Ȼвµһѣ⹷ˣȻͲһˣ
˧ЩͲø߷ϻˣҼȻˣǾ̫幬¿ɣ۳ԺҲˣ
ֹеļԻ
׵һȴһԵ塢һ
һ˵ԽԽˣ
֮ǰֻ˵Ҫɱ³챨𣬿Ȼ˵Ҫ۳¿ɣҾͽо̫幬
˵Ҫ۳ֱǵ߸˵
ɶʱͽܱôţˣ
ôţĻڱ۾أ
ȥʱ䣬̥Ҳɣ
ԲѣȻ۳˵Ĵʴʣţ˧һ˵ȫ£
ԭǴ³ģڿǰ˵Ű裡
ȶ֣һʥϹҲҪֵĲ
׿һУȻһ̤ȸƺŲ
Ŀǰһ˿ͳ³죬һ֮ڸϵңޱȸǣ
ţ
ʵ̫ˣ
һ̶ڵ׸ղŵһϯȸǶѾˣ
ҲӶˣһȻĸôʴʣ
˿̣ƺһֽҲҲǵĸо
ʥϼݵ
׻֮ʣϰλɵۼǿѾң
һۡͷ֮ҲǼҴҵĳҵĹ㳡֮У
ˣ˼ʶĶȥǶû׸ղ׵˵һЩʲô




3012´۾ĳ
 

ʥϼݵ
һ۳񳼷
³۳ѾǸٹ̣˿ǲȻķĵһֳ
Ӱ½Ҳֻ³ܹ
ȻΪ۳ĵ۾ʵһֱ⣬ӰԶ³Ĵ
أ
С˶ǹ
ֻǶ³ɫҴңɫȥǺܺÿ
Ⱥˣ۳˷
³컹δ˵һԵһѾվ˳ѵ
˵ĳҲĵһˣ
ʵ֮ǰǻлӳȥģϾҲиġ
ʥѾǴŴĸֽңҪ߿Ҳ߲ˣ
³ôĿףһʱ䶼֪Ӧ˵Щʲôˣ
У
³ȴŵľ׵УԵЩ˴ʴʣҲϾ˼ˣ
ΪԼҲѱˣ
п³ݵҲǼĹʥϣϳ̫ͨ幬ڴ˷ңʥּ׽ѵҵ۳
еĿһԵף
ղʥϼݵҪôĹȥ
һߣ
ѵ˶¶Ұ֮ɫ
Ȼʹ³죬ɵλ۳һ˳ǵǰʱǲĽ
˵Ӱ
ûа취ıһʵװ򶨣
³ۣʥɽһû뵽ôͼˣ
׿³죬طһ㣡
Ȼ³֣֪֮֮󣬶³쵹ûôĳˣ
Ҫ˵ĳޣܼҲף
ܼ̫幬Ҳߵ˵ľ
ֻ׺³˵һԵҲǾˣ
³쵽ӸλѾãȻ֪һѰģǱһĨȻ
΢΢һЦ۾ȸǣʧԶӭ
ˣ
һ̣˸оԼһͷ
۾ף
λ۾ͷɽ缫ΪΨһһ³쿹֮ˣ
˵ʵ
ˣʵ׵ͷģ
Ǹڸ³ԿˣһȳΪΪϣ
û뵽Ǹ˾Ȼǰ֮ˣ
˵ᣬᵽǸ˱Ƕ۾
㣬Ȼλ۾
忴ҲǼ˵
һԵҲ𾪵˵û뵽ֹӾȻǴĶ۾Ļôĳпܱ˰
˿ҲЩĿɿڴĿŲԶֲãֲôţԭǸףȻӢ۰һλоҲ˵ء
Ѵ˿һݵĿף
˵ʵڵģ֮ǰǿףΪһһ˵󻰵ˣ
أ
еĿһ̶ǻΪ˳֮飡
Ҫ֪ɽһ׵ĳݣѾǴﵽһȵĵز
ܶĽǰ۳Ϊһ׵ķɣ
ԭԭǶ۾û뵽أ
ѿף֮һ˿ңС¹ײӵһҼĸо
۾ݵ
³׵̬ȣֱһԵЩѪĸо
ˣ
еĵһӦԼҪ군ˣ
ǰλ۾ǿǲ۲۵ɱ񼶱ﰡ
ֻлһ˿ϣ۾նɱ³۵̫³۬
ǲ֮𰡣
οնɱֺֹ۳̫һˣ
նɱ˶λǿɶ³۵ĵϵ
д˿֮дһ˿˿֮ɫϣ³ЦصǽһĻȴһĺ󼹷
³۵ʦţӦøһ˵˰ɣ
׿³죬ƺʤһ
Ȼ˵³Ҫţ治٣أ
³΢΢һ̾Ըһȡ۳ĺƽֵƴ޵񣡡
³۾ͲҪʲô𣿡׿³ɣסˣ
ԭ׿һӦҪһ
û뵽³쾹Ȼֱˣ
³ЦһɽǿΪֵݺĺǶɽ磬޽ʲôأȷ֣֮޿ɺǵʵ
ãȻ˵Ļޱ㿪ʼ㵱֮£Ըοʦ֮飡
׿³죬Ѿ
³죬ȴһȴѵСѧһ㡣
ȳ棬ʵ겻ѡ




3013¶³
 

ǿƣ
׵ǿһļĬ
ǿ۾³ģ׵ǰһˣ
ʵ˴۾
³ԱߣһڸֿԼʥϾȻЩϥ
ǸоԼˣ
Ҫ֪۳һֱǿޱȣô䵽˵ĵزأ
ʲôʱһССĶ۳ܹǵͷʺˣ
ǸоƵǣ³۾Ȼˣ
³Ǻεȵķ⣿εȵĲһ
ȴһһ㣬ҡҡ׹
̫幬Ū³ϲŮˣȻ˵㣡
裬һ˵ȱƵĻţ
³ûпڣҲǲ˿Ķ
˲ңвң
ΪзȥĻܼҿ϶ǵһ군ģ
³۳֮ûնɱŵ飬ֱӶˣ
۳ǿΪʲô͸۳أ
ʥϣ۳ξһССĶ۳ֻҪʥһ£ҵȱƴҲҪѪĴۣ
кȻ£һԵ˼Ҳȫ
ʥ
ΧеĻҲͬ˵
ƺ˵سֻ֮г˾ζ
ѣ
һƺšһ׿΢΢һЦû뵽³۳Ӱͦİ
ֵۼЦˣ³һȻ
˵ʵôҲû뵽һСС۾̶ʱѾǳɳ˿ֲĵز
֪һеĻµ³ƴȫҲնɱ׵ģ
ûҲûкҩ
ԣ³켴ںڣҲֻܹڣ
׵ĽŲѾ޷赲ˣΨһܹģΩǴӣǸԼ꣡
׿³ԭһֱΪ³һֵݳģɴ˷ȸǣȴ˺ܶ뵱겢һ
Ŷһʱŭȫ޵棬İ֮ˣֵҲΪ۳۾Ӧ֪Ǿܵģ
³첢Ҫֻͣ˵Լķθ֮ԣ
ʵ˵Ȼ˵ŵģ
³ڵҲ֣Ѳɻʲôµķֲɣ
֮£ʵϻĿ
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˺ӣ
ǵǾԲݶģ˾ȻǼŭ³죡
ҲΪ̫幬صķʣ
ΪĻ̫幬Ҳȫڶˣ
˵ʵǷ޵ϣȻҲܣ
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ֻҪǸѪԵˣ¶ܵ˵ģ
һ֪
³쵱ѾǹΪ½ĵһǿߣôܵ˵ľأ
ڷЩ³ˣ
³쿴׵ֵʦΪʦҲ֮е飬վڸԵ֮ϣΪ˭ûд
𣿿ŵ³ƺǿʦıǰɣ
׿³죬Ҳ¶һ˿мЦݣ
޸ĺȻǴ֮еļƷΣһƷҪҲİɣο̫幬޵ͳϽ֮£޻ô
³һͷˮĿףʵΪй߶ѣ
˵
忴³죬Ҳվ˳
壬޵Ϊ㣬Ҳ³еǽ֮ˡҲƣʲô˵ѵıҪأ
³쿴壬Ҳ΢΢һ̾
ΪŮˣֺΪ˵Ĵأ
ô꣬³ûк֮⣿
ǰһģŵΧǸʱ˵Ǳ
ţ³üͷ
ͨ
ʱѾǹʥϣѾٴȴҪϣʥΪΪܼ
ʥΪ˧
еӰʮֵľ޴Ⱥ˾ȻҲǹ
ʵǸоһı
˵ȣȫ£
³ߣ۳ة³ҲǳԶȥ
Щɵۼǿߣʵ϶۳Ϥĸ֣
³εĳة֮λ⣬ʵŻ³찲ȫΣ
ЩĿǰ³ָӣ³ɵ۾ŵָʹ
³࣬Ϊʲô۳̫ҵƴǰɵǿһбżỨ
δôһ̣˵ıɣ
³̾һʥɽ׼Ҷκβֵۣô˵˿֮ԣֵ۷ɣ
³Ӵ˻һ󼸺ʶİ
˿̣
ǰ˿׵Ѿǳ׵ıˡ




3014ܼң壡
 

ʥɽ׼ң
۳֮˶ʥɽĸǱȽϵһЩ
۳һ۳۾³쳤ʥɽ
ЩɵۼĸֶĿȾǶʥɽҲһЩ˽ģ
һ³³Ӵʥɽ֮˼ʮֵĳţ
ȫûմʥɽع֮ʱ̸ָۡ
˻Щֵô£
ڿ³ӵӣʶĺ֪һЩʲô
˵ʥɽʥأ
ʥɽǿ׼Ҷκβλ۾ֲԼҵĵ۾˵į
׵ǰûУһλίȫϧԼȫ۳
ԭԼҵĵ۾Ѿ֪۾ⲻˣľ棡
У
ʥɽҲ֪һЩȻ֪ĲǺܶ࣡
ʥɽ׼ҵͷҲ֪ģ۳һֱ˵ǿᣬԭΪʥɽô
ΪʥһССĶ۾㣬ʵЩ
ⶫ۾ǿһĳ̶ȣɸ֮еʥɽȣôܱأ
ֻ³ӵĻмһ̱˵ϣ
ʲôʱλ۾Ѿ˵ǿˣţòܣ
³࣬⡭ôأ
һλָʹ³ӣ֮Ҳǳ˲ţ
³ӵ˵֮ǰʥϸոմʥɽʱʥɽλǿΧֵֵۣ۰Ȼ뿪ˣ
³࣬⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣ֮ǰ˵ʥɽǿɽǿĴһССĶ۾ôʥɽĶأ
λָʹĻʵźܶ˵
ֻЩɵǿ׵ѾǱЩ־ˣ
£
µûϣɱ
ıɱ˵νǺ塣
ţǿֵ֪ѾշĴ壿ʱǲֵ֪۴Ĵ弸ʮλʥǿ߿ʥɽλǿߣǳǱⱲӼ
³Ӵ˿̻ʱĳҲ£
ֱֵӵ۳ĻǺˮһ㣬֮ͻȸǻҷɣ
⡭Ĵѱô֮ܳ£ֱ̬ǡ
ЩɵۼǿߣʵٶǱЩǿ߽Ӵġ
ǰ۸ڶǶһǱȽϵĲм
ѹҲû뵽һĻ
ֵ۶һ˴ԿʥɽλǿߣǺεȵɽӰ
ûֳܹǸоһּȷĳ棡
ˣԺ˵ʥΣ֮ʡҵȻҪʥϰţвκֵַ۵ΪɲҪֱ಻ˣ
³ӿˣ֮дһ˿â
ǰһҲǺ䣬˵ܹ˭Ըȥأ
ֻϣ³ҲţϾǶ³һģ
д˿ѾŵЩСȶҲˣ
շĴ壡
ԭΪԼˣ³Ӹղ˵һ飬ų׵ľˣ
ֲ֮ǰʥϿ׾ǺӼèһ㣡
ԭ֢ȻطѾǿʥɽĳ嶼Զγвĵز
ڿ³ǾԵ˳ˣ
иоܼ尾֪Լ²Զˣ
Զ
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³ӿֳһĨ֮ɫˣ޿ܵһ
񣬼Ҫ׵УҪģ
³Ӵһڸֳܼҵķȥ³̾һֵۣµ޻˵ֵ۶ְɣֻϣ֮ʣܹһЩ뿪Ҳϣֵܹƴҵ۳񡭡




3015´׵۳ƽ
 

һƬϢ³ϣ
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Դʥɽ״ɱķĳѾԤϵ˽Ľ֣
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ֵԼͺˣܹܼҷѾһܺõļˣ忴׳
һԵҲǵͷǰֵۣĻԶҲܱˣ֮ǰǵȷΪ³ۣڿ鲢ˡ
׹һЦãлλʦ³졭
ֵۡ³쿴Ҳһ
״Цһͳ½޲Ϊ½׵۳ƽͳϽԭ۳Ͻ֮أ
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³ɫһ䣬Ҳǹ˵һԣ
˿̣׵Ѿǳ˿˹ȥ




3016ؽ̫幬
 

³˳
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ûɱ³죬ʵҲн³άȵһԭ
ټħʹ廹δƽ³ȷһսѡʱԵձ³죡
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׸һ˷ԼߣӵžԵİա
³һλᶼղסĻǿ»ľͲܹˣ
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׿Ҳ¶һ˿Цݣ
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οû׵ĻľһӴˣ
˸õĻᣬܲأ
ƺ⣡
״˿̾ʵҲΪƺ³죡
Ҫ֪³۳Ӵ󣬿ȱһԼ֮ˣ̫幬ȴֲһȱ
ƻԶϲϱ仯죡
֮ǰȫȫҪնɱ³ģǳܼ۶ӵĻ³Ѿ׵Ľˣ
ЩľôͻҲʱԵĸıѣ
۳˳۳˵Ĵ۳˱۳֮⣬Ѿȫ˴׵۳İͼˣ
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Ϊûôʱȥˣ
۳;̫幬һʱ䣬ȴѾǽˡ
ֻĽ֮ǰЩͬѣ
˿̣״Ѿǳǵķ򼲳۶ȥ뿪ô꣬һλعˡ




3017֮Σ
 

۳ǣ
Ķ۳ӦøΪ׵۳ˣ
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Щ겻ѣԴ뿪ʥɽ֮ͻȻ˴Ĳ
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˵֮ˣʮֵǿᣬҲϢ
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꿴ףҲЩ֮Աǵ˵
ħҪǰձ˼ֱӽǸˣССĵ۾ָ˵ʲôأ
һǳ嶯֮ˣһԵ꿴ȥȲ١
΢΢ҡͷħʥϽǵǰǴĻǿ»ȥҲǺѽοʥϿ
ߣһĵ۾ѣȻʥ϶߿һۣѲɾΪСӵı֧֣֧֣ħʥɽֻǸɸɾ
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ħӦ֪ʥһףҪŭòȥħμʥϵİٵ֪ȥôȥأ
ײм˵׸Ҷ֣
ħǿĸǶǣô۳Ľ֣
ɮ濴棬˵Ű裬ΪıɽΪǿᣡ
ֻ˽׵ԸѹҲ֪׾һҸɵ
̾һʥȻ˵ǣǱϾ׵ĵ֮ϣСΪ
ħǱɱˣǸСȥˣһֱȰ裬׼ˡ
ŭһħһֱģҲ
üȻħ֣Ǳ㿴ħαݵˣɱֱû㣬ǳ鱾ɲ֡
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׵ֿһ˿Ĳ̵Цݣһ¶ħԡ
꿴׵ӣҲ֪ѹףǵ겻ɣ
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Ͼħ۰ٵҲֻһʱˣǻøϻħ岻ǣ
ȻҪ֣ɣȰҲȰ˲
꿴׵ӣҲȻ˵Ļ
һ̣Ƿ·ѪȾĺ󡭡




3018ˮľ
 

ǻʹڣ
۳ۺˮʱɫѾһƬĲҰ֮ɫ
һԶ۳ŵͳ˧ҲһϾƺȴǰλۺһ£Ǳħ֮˷һս
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һֱҪȴ׵ĵԭҪǰ
׾ã֪֮棬ôܹȥأ
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ԣ
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
һ㶣漴ŵķҲ˹ȥ
׵Ĩһ˿޵Ц⣬׵Ļʺ
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ֻ֪Ҫץ֮ˣôһԸ񣬼ǰ˾Ųʮˣ
ʱˮӰҲǻĴӶ۳ĳǿ֮˳




3019ǿħ
 

ǻʹ֮ǰ
ˮ֮г˿ȴǿ߻
ֻЩǿ׵˵Уǲ
Ϊʥǿߣһɵۼµǿоһ㣡
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ˮΧˣŶ׵Ҫô
˷ǰ붫۾μħ۰ٵֻǱγҪö۾ƺ֮˵ӣǱȴۺǰħʱ򶫷۾Ӧòȱϯ˰ɣ
˿ˮҲĨһ˿Ц⣡
ˮüҶ۳ˮˮħ˷ҵ۶Ű裬Ѳǵ֮
ˮˮС֮ǰĺǿºڣҪħ壡Ҫⶫ۾ͣ
ŭһҲЦ
ãӦ㣡
ˮ֮Ĩһ˿֮ɫŶ׵˵
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ˮһ۵ŵǻصУ۷κ鶼Ҫٳˣһеʥϻٶᣡ
ǡԼȭͷоһıƣ
Ǵ㿹ּ𣿡ˮŭһʵ
ˮŭӣҲҧҧع
ȥˮһεתס




3020ԪԱ
 

ǻʹ֮⣡
ˮһ˽֮ħƵǿߣһ̷·۳Ĳ
Ѫɺӵģˮۿͨ죬Ҳ΢΢
޵Ŀ⣡
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ԭֻһǾħ֮˶󷨣ûκεİ취
ܹ󷨵Ļ׵ץ뿪ˣ
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ܶϼҴڵӽ˻ʹ֮УΪľǶħ׷ɱ
ɻʹٴվҲǿռޣ
ôܶһƬСĿռ֮أ
ˮбԼ£ʵҪ˲ܵκε˺
ʹ֮ڣ
˶ˮһҲǽͣ
ʲô취أ
ǰ㳿ϵڵˣ˿̿ˮֻһ棬ҲΪ
첻Ӧеصز飡
ڴ˵ĻǻĹǣײڣ˾ͱħ׵ĸˣ
ΣӦô찡
㳿һԵļˣ֮Ҳǳ˵֮ɫ
ΤϦ˵ĪҪţֻǸħ뿪ħ֮ҪӦòõ
Ϧ㣬ѲɸղûħҪ׵
ռܲ˿̿ΤϦҲǳǵ˵
Ƿǳ޳ܣħ壬ȻһŮвЩ;ĩ·˰
һҲ̾һǹġ
ΤϦܹа취ģڳȥãֻøΣ֮Сʱ򷴶׾ҵȵѶȲ𣿡
ֻϣ㲻Ҫ²źãǿôоЩԾأ
һԵĪ̿ˮҲǸֳһĨ֮ɫ
ɣòôɵɣ
һĪ̵ĻǷ׷׳濴˹ȥ
ԭΪˮֻʱץȥڿ鲢ôļ򵥣
Ϊ˿̵ˮѾǶһ̽
Ʒ
̽һ㣬ʵȴĺö
ʹ֮⣡
ˮϸֳһĨ֮ɫ׵ҵ۳ͼɱҷΪ𣿡
ţˮϷˣ𣿡
׿ˮȻҪѰ̼ҲЦһ
ˮ׵Թ˭վΣʱ򱾹ȻΪ𣡡
ƾֱЦΪҪɱܹɱ𣿼ֱɣ
׿ˮǺηģ֮ҲѾ˶
ݣ
һɫӰһζ
ˮǵӰ֮ҲǶԼĲĨȥ
׵ĴѾץסˮۣ
֮䣡
ˮǽԼĲӣȴڴֺ
ˣ׵˵ڹԹԵĸħ㻹ܸһ棬Ļ涼ˣǻЩˡ
ȺҪñȥвķֱǳ룡
ˮŭݣҲǴڱߵĽ׶Σ
׹Цƺ͸ж۳֮ǿǵλ۾˳һ£ŮڱϣԼŮ˶ȣɾͲҪֱ˰
ˮ׵ĻӶף
Ϊ֪һԼħ֣֮׾Բܲȥģ
ʱħĹ
ⲻˮϣģҲԲϣ飡
һѰ˼
ˮһѰΪֻ֪Ҫˣױûκε
Ϊ׵Ϊ׵ף
ԪԱ
Ψһ޷ˮһˣ
ǣ
һԱʱ򼴱һƲл¶ʣµģ
˿̵ˮѾǽԼееһϣΪ׿ƣ
Ψһİ취ʯ٣
ԱƺĿǰѡΨһĳ·ˣ
㡭ʲô
׵ǳ֣˵һ˲䣬оһȵϵӦ˶
ʵϣԱҲа취ֹģ
ϾҪԱû㹻ǾԲܵģ
ǸղŵΪˮղŲѣ
ôҲû뵽ˮȻһѰ
ˣףˣҵİˣ
ˮ֮дһ˿ϦһĨ֮дŵľȻСŮһĴЦݡ
һ̣
ʱˮԱѾǺ֮ˣΪһѾ׼
񣬲Ҫ
ˮ񼴽ҪԱһ̣׵Ӱ
ֻǻü
ѵĿֲ飬һ·ֹ




3021һ
 

ǻʹǰ
һ·߸裬۳ֱӳŶ۳ķͦ
뿪ô꣬ҲǼеҪȥڵôˣ
ǵ׵ǵһ̣
˳׵ŭˣ
һȥǳѪȵζ
ħǣ˫ɺ죡
ôҲû뵽ħ徹Ȼ˵Ĵ󵨣Ȼֱӹ۳ĳ
ֱǳƣ
ײδκεͣһʱ䳯Żʹķ˹ȥ
Ϊ֪ħȻҪǣǵһĿԼĻʹ
Ȼдţһô죿
ļ٣ɵϵߵʱȴһĻ
ˮԪԱ
ˮԪ񼴽ҪԱǰһ̣Ǹϵˣ
ɵȴģˮһЦ֮⣬Ѫ裡
¡
ԪԱ
𺳵ĳ棬Ȼˮʵɻʾ۷壡
ԪԱǿɵǿߵһ
Ҫ֪ԪԱǾǾԵɱʽΪҼûκηתأ
ˮڼһᣬ׻عҲˣ
ɾΪ˼ӵʱ䣬ˮԱˣ
Ѫ·һĨر֮ɫ
ͨĿˮǳҲѾˣ
δôһ̣о˵
ͨ
˺Ȼ˵ϣĵطˮԪԱķ򣡣
ݣ
ˮһƲлҲ˲ʧ׵ĸǰ˿Ѿɱڣ
ΪʲôôɵΪʲô
׷ţһҲǱùİ
ʹ֮У
׻ع飬ԭЩҲһ˳
ǿ׵һ̣Ҳ棡
ΪȫĿˮԱûκεİ취ģ
֡ףôŻ
ϵϹˮһԵļŮҲǿ޵ĸһ
ޱʹ
ʹѲֻһ
ˮЩദô꣬ˮҲһֱԴԾӣ
˵ѣҲһͦ
˵ˮʼնһ˿û׵Ķ۳ǰУ
ֻһΣѾǱˮľ
ΪʲôΪʲô
תһԵļŮˣĿ֮дһĨ𣡣
һ
վԼһ
ףѲɿħ֣ƣһֱ֧ţħǣΪ˱۳ҲΪ˱㣬ѡ˵ķʽ
㳿ЩʧصӣҲ˵
âһΪңΪӦúúõĻȥǶӦúúõĻȥҲŪ˴Ϊʲô
ղ㳿Ѿ˵ˣΪ񣬻оħ˵μʲôħ۵ٵǰ˾Ǻ磬Ҫõնģ
ΤϦףҲˮʪԼӣ
ããã޵Ҫ˭޵񣡣
ŭգѾǻվ
һԵ濴׹ʥϣʵʵǿޱȣһжûйȥ
ѣ
͸һˣȻ֪׵Ը
鲻ƺģ
һħ岻ǿߣɵۼǿҲ
Ȼˣֻһˣ
ʱһκε飬ȻͷۣҲѵֵħĺ
ǰףҪСİ߲߲ΤϦҲ̵
һԵļϳ˵֮⣬κεĺ֮ɫ
ֻҪ׻ˣǾüߣأ
֮ǰǲȫΪǲҪΪ׵׸
ɽ磬û˸Ҷ۳ң޵ĵ۶ǣħǵһҲһ
׻ĿѾǳŶħ˹ȥ
һ̣
ѾɱƵƵ
ˣһҲܵˣ
Ű۾ħħ°˴֮һħ˷ħίУ붫۾μٰħ۰ٵ۾Ϊ˵Ѿǿպ˼ʱ䣬ڿˣʹҲˣ
׿ŶףҲǸܵһɲһӣ
ӣ
״˿ʵҲҪˣ
ⶫ۾Ӳʥɽ飬ȻмҲ֪һԲʲôʡ͵ĵƣ
ײߣ˵˵󻰣
ڿˣȻ˵Ҫˣ
ˮѾˣʱôµҪȥħһˣ
Լʹˣ
޵ĵۺҪһ֮ϻûô˵顣޾Ҫ㿴޵ĵۺǸʲôĺ
׵ĿԨĶħһ㣬˿Ѿǳ׵ıŭˣ




3022һ
 

ڣ
ĿѾǾ۽׵ϣ
Ϊ۳ǵĵ۾ع飬Ҳһ鼤ѣ
ЩѾ˷ܵˮ
۾ڳһЩĻǺʬҰˣ
ڣҲѾ˸оҰˣ
۾ˣ۾ڻˣоˣ
ǰʥϻع飬Щħ˵϶֮أ
Ҳ˵̫ˣЩħǶ۳ǿ϶˳׼ģ
ǰǿЩһʵǿᣬǵ۳ľŶѾǲҳˣ
ʥϻǵĹǻ˲𣿡
˿̣
ڻʹΧĿ׳֮ɫ
ֻǺܶ˲ףΪǾ׵ʵǿֵܹסħ
ܣ
ܶ˸µĶǲܣ
ԣǺܶ˻ż飬ɻкܶԷһ֮Ҳľս
ΪߵĻʱҲһ
ɽ֮У˭ûиʮꣿ
Ǿôˣκ˶źģ
Ƕ۳ոոĳȴӭ˵جģ˭ܹܵأ
׿һˣ߲δλǿ߻
һŵҲǷ
һԴݵȥ˲
ʱȥħСӿ϶֮صģ
ЦһħɵʹսҲǲնʹǵҶ֣ǱǶԱɳе𣿡
һﵽڻû壬ǶԶҲһҡͷ
ɲ㻢ܾЩ
񿴵׵֪Ϊʲô֮ǰԼĸоôĲˣ
ײһһǳޱȣ
˵ʵ
һײûǺͱˮĻҲȻܻĶֵģ
ڽƮ˭˼һЩӣ
Ϊһ۾ҲС˵оģ
ʵ̫ˣܵ˼Ҽſڴɱ˼ҵĵۺ
һȻ˵ʲôսնʹ
Ϊͬ꣬ɫһͨ죡
˿ԲҪǲôҪ
ڵ֪׽ܹ뿪ľǸ漣ˣ
׿ף˿Ҳǻָƽ
ڵΪʲôָƽ˭Ҳ֪
׿׵˵ħַ֮۳Ǳ·һڴġ֮ڣһƽħ壡
֮ڣƽħ壡
׵ħ֮˵˵ȻЩħ֮һҲǹЦ
˵ʥɽȻһЩ֪
Щ˲ħĸ߲㣬Щδ֪
ǾһСС۾Ȼǵĸǰ˵ĺڣʵ̫ЦһЩ
ꣿ
ħĻҵѾ˵˾Ͱˣ
Ļħ嶼֪˶ٴˣ
Űħٵ㶼ҲμӵĻǾͲҪֱҪЦˣ
׻֪ԼѾͷˣȻߵ٩ף
׿׵˵İɣһȥģֻǿˣ
ֱҪôնɱģˣ
׿׼ӣҲ֪Լ뿪õĻᣡ
ֻõ
ݣ
ʮӰѾǳ˷һǿ֮⣬ʥɽ¼ҺؼҵĸҲǺȻУ
ħַ֮˵ּ
һΪ׵һ˵ȾȻǹȥ
ʥǿߵĹݣ
ǼΪģ
׿ԶЩ֪ʲôطðǿߣҲǺ֮зһ๾
һ׵Ļˣ
ôҲû뵽׾Ȼշ壬֮˸׳Ƴ
ԭ಻Ǻѣ
һκԣôܻԵĺأ
ڿĳһѾǳ˹ȵף
ȹʥϽּ
ȻʮˣȴȰһ㣡
ǿ֮ŭܹ֮ͨܵסģ
Ƚַ֮նɱڻʹ֮ǰһ
׷ƶˣҲǽǣ
һ
ƾѹģ
ħ֮ѾЩʼˣΪǾɵҲӦʶĴˣ
ѪͻӰ磡
˵֮ǰǽ̵ĻôŰɱħǿߣֱǿֲˣ
һĹħ֮ͱɱڻʹ֮ǰ
һɼǿѪ֮ɢ֮ϣ
ֵˣ
һһŶףҲð޾ĺ
״˿ѾŵЩСȶҲˡ




3023꣡
 

࣡
׵ĺ֮һεķ˸ɬ֮
־塢ѹ֣
ħ֮ҷǺεȵս
ЩǿΧɱʵ̫ǿˣսԭ;ޱȣսǾ޴ޱȣ
ԣħǿ󣬿ʵЩǿߵʲôҲ㲻ϣ
϶ѣ
ԭҪЩħڻԼˣָûã
ʱ
ҲǾֵ˵ħ㡭ǸҶ֣֮ء
ûе
һĵûУǵûеǿ֮ĩһ㣡
ÿһ׶оѹһ֣
ˮ֮
ǰ֮ˣ½Ҳˣ
׿׵ħֻǳ޾޶ҲûƷ㣡ֻǧ򲻸ãô޵ĵߣ޽Ҫ㳢һʲôó

׵ĻűһɼΪζ棡
ó
ΪĿֲǰҲһȺ鼤ܣƺκ鶼Խޣ
ȻҲʵǿᣡ
Ҫ֪ԭǻΪ׵ǣϾħǿʵ̫ˡ
Ǿ㵵ķ֣Щνħǿ׵ĸǰ翳вһ㣡
ʵЩֵһᣡ
ħ֮˽ʣһҲһ
ಣ
Ҳܲ˵ţоԼôȥˣ
ˮ֮Ȼı⣬ɱϾ֮ˮģ
λ˼һ£
˱ԼҲʹֵģ
׼·ˣûκԥĳűӴܣ
ܵ
Ȼܲˣ
׵ǸֳһĨɫֱӼʱѾǱ
ͨ͸Ǵһϵһ㣡
ǺѾǳȻˣ
𣡣
׿ףֱӽ׵ķѹȥ
¡
׿ͷϷĳ֣ҲǸоһӴѹϮ
Ҫ֪ԭѾǾаʣοǲٿ飬ʵҲѾǴﵽʥ۷״̬
ǿѹƣʵѾǿֱӷˣ
ΪǰֻҪ٣ٿҲǲ׽ģ
˿ҲǷŭޱȣƴȫĽѹȥ
֮Ǹֶηḻٱֹ
ϾȻʵǿᣬɽô꣬ʲôĳûм
أ
ѹ
ֱӽѹȥһֱѹʥڵǿߣʵЩֲ˹
ΧԶſ꣬˿ҲŵһĲˣ
ֶΣΪ׸оһı
ǳǣ
ʱ̣ҪԼסԼԪ
ΪֻԪסˣʱܹжĻᣡ
вʣʱѾûκεİ취ˣ
ܱԼҪðɣ
ֻԪո뿪Լ壬ȴһεļ׵סˣ

˿̿ʧӰ٣Ѿһϵ绷Ƶı˵ĸǰҲǾһ

ǿ׼ҵļƷֻʧ˶ѣ
ôҲû뵽Ȼϣ
棬ʲô
һҲЩƣΪǸûⶫ
濴ԶҲ̾һʵյ˵ӦһڵļƷЩħڵֶΡΪ˵һĥ˵
ĥ˵ģʲô˼ҲȤ
׼ҵĶֻΪñڸö֮㱻ⶫʧˡֻû뵽Ȼһεĳ֣ħļһҪùˡ
濴ŵƺһֽ޵ĸо
ܲܲҪ˰һԵļ˶ǽѡ
浭˵ʵΪԪã׼ҳһλֲţר˵ԪΪ֣׼Ϊһ㱻塣
Ԫ񣿡˻üѣ
Цͨһ˵ĥԪֻҪסⱲóˡÿ춼Ҫʹͼ尾֮УΪԪζķǳܣʥһĹݡ
꣡
鿴һ۶ףҲĨһ˿̵Ц⣡
ޱ飬һֱûùΪȷΥͣ
ôһ޹˼ɵ˴
һʱ䣬˿׵ԪǱ׻̿һ㣬ҲǾôģ
꿴ǵģҲпһ´뿪
Ϊߣ޾ͷֲ𣿡
ֻǵҪ뿪һ̣һѾǴĶˣ




3024õ
 

ױѹ𡢲л걻
ļ尾˵ǼΪĲ̣ΪҪҲɲԼˣ
֮ѣԶҲһ̾Ϣ
Ҳҿһǰ壬Լл
ȵλ۾عԺǿľ˵׼ˣ
֮ǰĸһĻоԼ³Բ׺õȥ
׼Ȼȥʱһɰѹ޼ɵĳķѹ
⣡
оԼһӳ˹ȵףΪ׸ˣ
ɫ˲ֽһ㣬ϳ˾㤵ı飡
˵Ŀ˲㼯еϣ˿Ⱥ֮п֡
ಣ
ӡɵ˲ѾΧȥ
ʶǿ󣬿»ĺѷеħ֣
ħߣ㻹ĺܶ㰡
ӿŶ꣬ҲЦһ
ʡ峤£ˮʺ֮²ûκεĹϵ
ֻĵķˣôĸּţбҲ޼ƿʩ˰
ο֮ǰ׵ǰ֮ǰǿӲĻ³֮׸Ҫˣ
һ뵽֮ǰЩ
ļ尾ǲļ尾
ɲ볢ζֻ֪һԼҲðǲƤˣ
Цһֻ㲻Ӧø˵Ӧøֵȥ˵ֵ㣬ֵ۲㣬Ǳˣ
⡭
һ̾˵ʵ֮ǰͲͬ׵ķ
ΪϾħ壬۳Ҳǹ¾ˡ
һ˺ΧʱҲܲˣ
֮ǰԼȰοţɺҲǽʧȥģ
ͬΪħ°˴֮һǵĵλʵƽȵġ
׵ļ𻹱ԼҪ߳һЩܹԼ˼ûж֣ѾǷǳ׵ˣ
Щ̫ɺˣ׸ոն׼Ҫߵʱȴǡ׹
Ҳһʵ̫һ㣡
ֻһﲻԼ˸ĥˣһԼ뵽Ҳһӵ
ħʹݼ۾
Ѿѧˣףʼˣ
Ȼǹ֮񣬿ٶȴܶ˲׽ˣ
׸߸ϣһ޵ĵۺΪ޾Ҳˣ
ʵԩ۾ʵϣǱһֱȰĻ׿ѾҪˣֻǱʵȰסˡ
꿴ףҲǿЦ
ױ֮ᷢһмбһԵô˵޻ҪлΪĹˣ
˷ǰҵȲħۣҲεѡ񰡣
Ƶĺܣ˵ʲôоŤĺܡ
֪ĻͲֱ˷ˡ
ڱ״ţҲϰµġ
Σħ岻Ҫ޶𣿾ȻȷӣǲޣҲȥǵģ
׿꣬Ҳֿһ˿̵Цݣ
пһ£һˮֵۣǴѣ֮ǰۺ֮£ʵ뱾ûκεĹϸѾҲǶԶۺһ˰ɣ
Ѿ˵ˣһ
׵˵Ҫɱ˴ˡ
һ˵ȷûвУħǱҲҪ֪ô£
Ѫ
õһˣʱħȻҪȥûһӦ˿Ҳǲеģ
˼ȥҲһֱûж궯ֵһԭ
ֵۣȻΣҲ˲˵ˡֵҪôſϷŹ
꿴ףҲһ
ΪҲ֪ҪɱĻֺα߸Լϻƪأ
Ͷޣ޻Կǲɱ㣡
׿꣬ҲǸҴţ
ֻ֮ĶԻ˼֮⣬ǲõġ
һЦֵ˵ЦǱڴӦֵۣɵȱعħԺ󣬻ǿ˺֮Լ
㵹ʵϣ޾ôһ޾ûκεô
׿꣬ƽĺܣ
㶵ȻʲôãǱʹӦֵ۵Ҫɣ
ҲƵĺܣѲɾͿ˵
ȡľѪΪã
ֻǾΪЩɵ㶵ǵʱĻ
ȡѪ㡭Ҫʲô걾ܵһ
׿Ѫ
ǱԥǼԸȡԼľѪ




3025ϵı
 

ʹ֮У
ѾѪշ꣡
Ȼ֮ǰĺҪɱһйߣѾй߲١
ǱסԼԣ
ʹ֮УϤ֮ˣ
˱ɳȥʰǵĲо֮⣬֮˶ڹУ
˿̿ףҲĪľ
ôҲû뵽׾Ȼ˵ֶˣƺԼ
ȻڵԼѾԼˣ
˿̣
꿴ףҲһΡΡĹʥ밲
ӵ˲⣬Ϊ֪ӵž˫Ѫ֮
˿꣬ƺǷǳĲܴ
׿棬δǳʵ˷ΪССħ徳أ
ʥϣ⡭ЩǾʥɽĬġħѾ֪ʥɽ֮£ʥһвҪħٵ֮գҪʥϵ
Ҳʲô˵ʲôڼҪΥףҲûκεİ취ˣ
Ȼħ壬Ҳδʲô
Ϊ˵ǵһ
ûˣ̸ʲôѲأ
ο𣬵ʱ˭ǵħأ
겻ɵûǵȲ֪ߵغ
ܹʵԼѾ˵ģΪһЩüֵ
׿üʵʥɽκβޣССħôκεޣ
ʥϴԲӣʥɽȻκβʥϣΪڱ֧šټʥɽʥϵʵص͹ľģ
ҲǷſһЩϾ˵Ҳʵ
ԵĻҲǾ㵵°Ͷˡ
ɴʵʥɽǿǴ֮ǿߵĵ̰ʥѲɶȥˣ
ЩԺĸǣ׿ŵ˵飬Ҳǵ˵
һľˣ
ͳֱ峼ѾǸоЩˡ
Ͼ׵ʵǱأ峼ȷǷǳѡ
Ҫǵ״ҵͻƿڵĻһͳĻ÷ǳѣ
꿴׵ֵۣ֮һǱһܰɣ˷ħʹһʥɽǿߣĻ¡
û˵˼ѾǱķǳˣ
ϣߣô̰
׳ЦһħĺǷǳǿ
ӦþĽ϶ѣ
ʥɽ˻ħϣⲻ
ôʵϾΪʵв̫ˣ
ѾвʥɽİΣˣ
Ļʥɽôħ֮أ
ħʵȻ壬ɶǿ߲ħ۵ʵ֪Ѿʥɽһְǳˡ
ħʥǿߵж٣֪׿ʵ
֪ģٲ°ˣ
꿴ףҲǵȻҲǼΪӴ
Ҫ֪ʥɽҲһٶʥǿߣħһٶλʥǿ߼ǿһְֲ
οһʹ壬ʹһʥǿ߾ϡһЩʮλӦҲеģ
ٺʥǿߣȿֲ̣ȥ˵Ǹû̫𣡣
ħۻҪħ˰ĻЦһΪɣֻ֧ţҲԵƽ壡
ʥϣĪ嶯Щ۵һգʥͷ¼Ժ˶Ҫʥˡֻʱִ̫٣ΪҪһ
Ҳǽ˼׵ˣڶ׵ūˣ
ˣʱԼﻹл·أ
궼ҪȰײҪ嶯
ֻѹҲ˽׵·ԽѣһԽϲӭѶϣ
֪ˣʡʡ峤峤峤
ײڿ꣬˿˹ȥ
λףҲǹʥϡ
Ըȥɣ֮λһͬչ׿żҲǵ˵
ּ
ҲǴһ˿֪׵ֶεģ
⼸˷ܵ飬ҲЩ
һʱ䣬ʲôأ
˶°ɣ޻һЩҪһ¡
׿ΧһƬϤˣѾˣΪһǳҪҪ죡




3026ܽĿ
 

֮ڣ
Ȼܶ˶ҪǶ֪ܲ
ˮ˶һСĴ
˸оȻȥЩˣʵϲˣ
Ҫһ˾ıһᣡ
ʱ˭Ըȥ̵Ĵ׵ı֮أ
˼糱ˮһȥֻ֮ʣ׺ˣ
棬ɡ
׿ŲԶ飬ҲЩ˵
棡
һҲǳ׵ĸǰ׵ӣҲüףҿļʱһӣ¶ûлˣ
棬ô˵л𣿡
Щһק棬ҲǼʵ
ⶫû취˵ףò˵̫ˣ
濴ףҲ˴Ĵָ
ʲô˼棿ĿԲ𣿡׵˭⣡
ʵ֮ǰ㣬ҲôƽԼ飡
Ȼʱ֪׷ʲô飬յϢ˵ˮлᣡ
Ǳߵʱ׵ּ֪ˣ
ˮ񵽵ǻһҪħ帶صĴۣ
һȻҪʸˣ
ԪԱ֮ʣҲǼʱ֣ԪȻʮֵأԻûг׵ĶϾĻǺ֣Ҳˡ
࣡
ߣ׵һεĽ
ʵ棬ڸ׼ȷĻ񵽵׻ûл᣿
ᵱȻУɽӦûϣˣ
濴ףҲЩεҡҡͷ
ղ˵ǡ
׿ӣҲһƵʵ
ղ˵Լõû뵽ھȻɽûлᣡ
˼ǲ˵лأ
һҲԲܷŹģ
浭˵²ؼؼңףҸղŵ˼û̫ף
Ϊҽ󡭡׹
̾һʵϣɽֶҪһɢԪûκεϣҲѺѣ
綼ѣĪ˼ֻлϣ
׿ҲƵ˵ԼܲȥǸδ֪أ
Ļǿ˵ˮǻã
ղҾ˵ˣؼң֮Ҹղ˵ϣΪ֮ӵŻ֮֮ǱԴ֮˵޸Ԫ֮ѡˣ
΢΢һЦʵ֮ǰҲǲ²⣬Ѿȷˣ
Ҫ֪ʱǿǿֲһǧһ
׸ղֻһʱĹ򣬿Ѿǹȥµʱˣ
׾ϲʵô˵޸ԪҲǲˣ
ǵȻ֮ȷǺ쳣ҲǱԿ뷨Ūģû뵽ȻЧ΢ȴҲӵ޸ܵģֻ
濴׵ӣҲȸһŶ裡
һֻתۣҲȻһ
棬ʲô˵ɣܳܡ
ŵǣֻҪˮԪָܹһжоȣ
ֻǻҲû֮ǰǾˣ
濴̾һҪֻ취һ취ǵԪȫָԺᣬӦġѶȷǳĴԪ̫࣬ʱû̫ʶˡ
ȷǻָˣǿҲȫָ˵ˣ
׿棬ҲǿЦһ
ͷֻʣµڶ·ߣǾܽ
ܽ⡭ôܣ
׿棬Ҳһ˼ʵ
ܣǺǣɽ粻ܲ粻ܣֻܽҪĲϼΪĸӣҼҲǺѴ룬ԡ
浹ȽеѶһ顣
ֻĻûн꣬ױ˵ΪҶǵɽ𺣣岻ݴǣл㡭
һֵİɣһȫ㡣ﱻ֮Ҳ̫ˡϾڻɽ磬ҪӰˣһ򲽽粻Уʱ˻磬źҲа취ġ
л棬棬һһϣܹæ
׿棬Ҳǹ
Ǻǣ̸֦ͬʲôææİѾ֪ҪʲôæˣҾȫͺã
ƺ֪ҪʲôҲЦ
һЦ״鳯˹ȥ




3027·
 

Σѹ棡
˵һ飡
֪ʲôĿҪȥ
һͳɽ磡
һʼµĿ꣬һħ֮УõĻˣ
ֻҪˣҲһ׵飡
ʦ磬ô죿
鿴ףҲ֪ˮεİ취
Ȼ취ȥȽϵããܱûа취òǣ
οŻ֮ˮƲԪƺлתأ
ҿףҲҿߣǵÿ֮ǰ˺˱Դʯ˻֮
ĻȱκһˮԪԱ޷ˣ
ϣȻǸɾʮ㣡
ټһΪħŵˮԪԱȻҪȫħˣ
ħ岻ҪԼҪ˭ܹЦ
׿ߣħĪΪҺ۸ɣ󾫶ڶ࣬˷ҽȫһǿߵʵʱҵҪϵж
ʦԼǡħޱȣǰɩӱƵԪԱǲĻ޵ˣ
Ҳ˾񣬷ǵˣ
׵ͷһӿҪˣҼϣǧʱԣ
İʦ磬һȫϣ
֣µĵͷҲһĪļ
׵ͷ˷ܹƽһͳɽ磬ҲҪǰˣ
ǰ粻ɽ磬ȥǿɾǰҰɽʵȷԳưһһͳɽ磬ȥǿ¡
ҲЩǵĿף
΢΢ͷȷˣ粻ɽ磬֮ûǰȥ֮ǰ֪ô£ԺܶҪӳ飡
ʦ磬治ǿϢǲɽһʱǰ磬ҪӵıһЩ
üףҲǵѯʵ
ҡҡͷǰҵȷ뷨ΪԪԱһҲǵȲˣ
ʦ磬ģ˵ʲôʱȥ۾ʲôʱȥ
鿴׼ᶨҲ֪ЩԼȰҲûõģ
ЦһȥȥҪȥһЩʱգҲڶ˽ⲻ𣿡
⵹Ҳǣֻأʦļô죿
鿴ףҲЩǵʵ
һ˵ȣӦⲻ󣬲ҵļ˻ЩѶȰ
ҲЩǵ˵ΪˮǵػߣȷǿɵĴ磡
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֪ԼļҪ˶̵ʱɷǼǲܵģ
˵ģ˵ԼߵЩŮˣܹڶʱзɽǱʵˣҲĪ̡ͰϪ˰ɣ
ʵЩͨҪɾҵλǺѺѣ
ĵǣʵҲ׵ĵǣ
ʦ磬ҵһ취
鿴ףҲЦ
һ㶣漴Цʵʲô취һҵȷɽ޹ϸ˰
ҲʦĪ֮ǰЩǿߵķˣ
鿴ףҲǺٺһЦ
˵
һҲתˣȻɽˣԼķܹɽ磬ҲһԼ˽Ļ᲻
ĵôʲôôͲأ
׺ĸǰ
ʵϣ׻ûڿôŵģ
׵Ҳϲ֣Ӧа취ˣ
粻ʱ⣬һԼҲ֣
Ȼ˵ĻôڲòЩˣ
棬а취
׿棬ҲǼʵ
а취ĻôȻϣֻһɽ˲
Ϊɽ磬Ҳһѡ
ȻڶʱһսҪõͣʵǲֵܹģ
һ˵ȥҪڻɽȷǲ̫ܡҲһĿԶûеģ
濴ףҲǐԼĺ΢΢һЦ
棬ʲô취ֱ˵ɣ
׿ӣҲЩ͵ʵ
ȥӦѾ뵽취ˣֻ浽ʲôİ취أ
һԵҲǲʵ棬ⲻ÷Ѳʦ绹شɽ粻ɣ
Ҹղ˵ˣһ˲ԣһˣӵźĴ֮ˣǴ컯
濴׺飬ҲЦе˵
ֻ׺鿴ӣһͷˮ




3028İ취
 

ʹ֮У
ԭ׼ټһ˵ȿʼףΪһЩǣҲǵ
˵ѾǿԿЩˣ
ԭоԼûʲô취飬ҲһЩϣ
ɾ֮ʣԸµվ˳
һӸоЩϣ
ֻ˵һϲθڣ׺ҲǱЩƣ
׿漱æ棬ͱˡ
һЦʵҲرȷֻż֮ϿһЩڻ飬ǼصĲϸһ㵹ǿԽ
ȷܲܿһ㰡
鿴һԵ棬ҲƵ˵
СӣȻҿڣӦ߳ϵİղ𣿡
濴飬Ҳǰ뿪Ц˵
ʾҲǹ
ͷŻ֮дκһλ棬񲻵֮ʸǱıΪ֮壬ʵײҪ̫࣬ʱֻҪҵɽͨӦñǿռ籩ֱӡ
ļٵģ
ҲǱĻ˵һһ㶵ģĻҲ̫һɣ
ҲɻʵĻǵʱʦǿߵǿɽôܹܵסأ
˵ƽʱͦģôʱͱЩأ֮ǱԴ֮һѵ֪
Ҳû˵Ȼ֮ţԣǰ˻Ǻ˽⣡
Դ֪֮ǡ
׻Щ̫⣬ȻǱԴ֮ѲɱԴ֮ôţ
Դ֮ʲôǻ̫ʵҲһ֪⣬֪һ㣬ⱾԴ֮ǳ֮ΪԭʼԺκεںϣҲ˵ӵ˱Դ֮κһ綼ƣ
ʵЩҲǿĹż֮ϣǲô£д֤ģ
ȻżѾмˣôһӦǰ˾Ųʮˣ
˵ĻǾ̫ˣ
Щ̫ȷϾʵǵһνӴⱾԴ֮
ο֮ǰԣⱾԴ֮ȷţĺܣ
ҲǽŽɣϣǵģǼٵģ
ûʧ
ھһ̬
ģôڷҲûκεĺ֮ˣ
浭˵ʵҪʵһҲʲô£ֻҪˮǲһ²𣿡
ףôû뵽ˮɷͨ⣬ʵҲֱӴɷͨʱɷͨû谭Ļ˵ͨɽɷͨӦҲûκε谭ˣ
׹һ֣ȷǷǳĲ
Цŵֻһοֻһ˿ˣϾ֮壬ҵȴûʸ񣡡
׵ͷҾͷˣʵڲеĻʱһ߷ɽˡ
ţ·ϾսӦġ֮ĿԴɽĻһǾûˣ
ڶҲʮֵģΪһӵܹͨĿԣ
ǿ˵׷ѰΨһĿ꣡
ܹ֮мأ
һ棬Կ˵ĻԵôʵѾʼֳˣ
лָԽ򣡡
׿棬Ҳǹ
˵ʵԼߣİʵǷǳĴ
һԵҲǼ˵Ļɽߵ鼸ԲȥˣֻҪʦ۷ĻôǰԺ˭أ
ˣڰǰӦħǱߣǻȽħȻڿЩɣ
ҲѵϾ·ҪһߣҪһڿڵĳԲ
׵ͷȻʵ棬ܹ֧ôͬʱ𣿡
ٺ٣ǰȷǲУбԴ֮Сӿиˣ˵⼸ʮˣôҲС˼
Ϊţ֮ǰ˵һ׵ĺôѾǳ׵ֳˣ
²˳٣ǾͿʼɡ
һҲԸ˷ѣҪ磬ôԺҪ
ڷһ֮ǰǵ飬ԼҲҪˣ
ֱӽɣǧʱ䣬ǴﵽʥӦⲻ󡭡
濴׵˵Ҫ֪ĳǿߣ
˵ⲻǻϾûˣ
׺Ϊ˷ܣҲкؼҡ¼һǿ߽֮С




3029¼λǿ
 

֮У
һ˷ܲѣֻʵδ
Ǹ֪飬ǻ֮ͣǰ뷨
ǶǳģǾø׻粢ʲô£
λǵֻһĿģǱλʵʥ۷״̬
һڣֱöһ˶ըˣ
ʥ۷壿
ƺӴﵽȳǿĲ֮⣬֮Ҳʥڶѣ
Ҫ֪ʥ۷壬Ǽһֻ̤
Ȼ˵ɽ⣬ٻѾǰǰ˲
ܶǿһϣ
ǰλ׵۾һڣҪʯƾ찡
࣡
һ̣˶ĿɿڴĿףǵĺ֮зһʿˮζ
ջ󣬼µջ󰡣
ĻǶоޱȣ
ο˵һ㻰ģȻҲĿ
ϾԼҲûдﵽĲβ
ӿףЩֵʵʥϣ֪˵ʲôҪ֪߼нʮλʥ֮ˣʥ֮˶ʮλҡ
ӵĻѾǲԶˣôôһӶܹﵽ˵Ĳأ
ĻôǳΪʥǿߵĻ
ҲɫЩʵʥϣ⡭ⱾҪôأ
ǰҲɻΪоʵ̫˼ˣʥ۷壬ǿĶڰЩ֮пҲֻܹﵽĲΰɡ
һ峤˿̿ףҲһ±Ƶʵ
׵˵޼Ȼ˵ˣȻа취ģ
һӣ
ûţǾ׿ġ
֮ǰʥɽ֣ʼնûô
ҫҫѾ֪ͻƵ飡
ʱ֪ʱҲ𾪲ѣ
ǿĿɿڴӣҲ΢΢һЦ
Ҫ֪ѾǴﵽʥڵʵԽǵΣԽЩ豹ĸо
˺ʵģοһ˵עȻؼҵ峤¼峤
һЩСȻҲע
ͻȻ֮䱻ˣ˵עҲһӼϣ
ʥڣŮ޾Ȼﵽʥڣ
Ӵ˿̿Ҳһ𾪵ģ
ҫŮһҲ֪ģֻһ߰
֮⣬ȥעˣ
ڿʵһҲ֮У
ʲôʥڣôܣҫŮɣ
ȷҫ峤Ůظ峤ƺҲʥڰɣ
峤㻹صĺû뵽ԺȻѾȻȾ磡
⡭ʥϽŮĪŮӱʥϵĽ
һǿҲǷ׷״
Ϊ𾪵Ī¼峤Хˣ㲻ɵۺ۷ʵ⡭ôʵѾ岻ಮˣ
壬һжҪлʥϣʥϵĻô˵ĻԵأ
ףҲǹ
׿Χ˵޽ﺰҪλʥ۷岢롣ڵʲôķҲ̫ĽֻͣϣλܹƴȫԼ
ȶȫԸʥ࣡
ҲǺȻӦǣȻҲǺ治ѣ
ǻӾͰǵǰɲǲŲ
οʲôҪƭأ
һ뵽ԼпܳΪʥ۷ǿߣҲǼѣ
֮ǰ޸λһλ棬λǿߣֻΪԭɽ硭
׿ˣҲǵһЦ
棡
ڽܸЩҲûκεѹˣ
ҲҪģο˷֮Щ˾¶Ҫˣ
ԼҲûбҪʲôˣ˺鲻˵⣬֮˷Ҳνģ
񡭡ǿߣʥϹȻɲⰡ
ӵ𾪵Ŀףƺ֪Ϊʲôһֱôţˣ
˼ҵıȻ˵ǿǿߣǿһ㰡
棬ɡ
׶֮ĳһӰѾǳ˵ĸǰ
ǵɷģȷľǿߵķ緶
ο׵̵֮˶Ѿһܵˡ
Ҳ׽̸ǰ⣬ǿⱣԼǿߵǡ
һʱ䣬ǰʥǿ߿棬һ




3030»֮ã
 

棡
磬ҲǳǿߵĴڣ
ֻΪԭɽѣȵһλع֮ʵǷԾʽǰģ
ձ
һ㣬ɽǿҲ֪ġ
ɽνǺ绽һһǶĴڣ
ҪǿĻǻС׼ˣ
ͬʱһλɽǿߵˣ
Ǹʱ֮ˣɽǿйصĶǸƨҲģ
ɽ֮ǿߣʵ֮ɽǿһģ
οһλǿߵıطأ
ģҲĤ
ʱһǿ߰ʥɽؼҺ¼ңҲ֪Ϊʲô׷չôĿˣ
ôһں棬ҪչҲǲˣ
Ǹ׵ĵһε
μ桭
˿棬Ҳڵϣ
Ϊʦ
ο˼Ǻ绽ǿأ
˵˸ͲһεĴڣ
֮ǰ׵õ˺һЩеĻǰҲô£
Ȼˣ˵!
õ˺ĴУ˲ѾǽλθߵһµĲΣ
ףҲǹĿ࿴Ľˣ
ʱһЩ豹ĸо
һ˵ȵΪߣλɣ
л棡
ӵ˴˿̧ͷķ˹ȥ
ֻǿһۣǱǷޱȣ
һİʾȴʵʵڵĸо
浭˵֮УҲֻǰһλﵽʥ۷ĲΣҪҲ֮ң
濴ǰӣҲ΢΢һЦ
̹Цˣ̸ףС꣬ȴʼղ編š
ţɽԴսϡ٣Ҳ顣ֻҪףӦûκε⣡
һϯڳ֮ޱȼ֣
ûκ⣡
ǸǳһƱ
仰һ˵ĻôӻĲţ
Ȼǿ˹ҲΪ׿ӳĻᣬӲ٣
Ҳӣλ澹Ȼ˵ûκε⣡
⿴Ʋһ仰ʵΪѾǵ춨һҪĻ
ݸһЦ棬ûĻ°
СҲҪǫˣûңҪǷҲа취ġ
浭һЦʵҲĽˣ
ĴУûĻ׾͵òˣ
治ôΪСһչĻӦҲ쳣Ŀֲģ
οѾ̸ʲôˣ
˼Ѿǵõ˺ĴУǻ˻֮ͱԴʯ
ͳǵ磬СҲһΪģ
˼пͻΪ֮Ļأ
ε̯̯֣ĿҲ޿κΣ
ʵ׿ûĻԼҲԲôˣ
κ飬ľศɵİɣ
ʦ磬ҪȻڿʼ
鿴ףҲЦʵҪĿʵǰ˵ʵ
ֻҪ˵ʵﵽһĲΣʱʲôħ塢塢ʹ壬¶Ҫݵ׵ǿ֮ˣ
׿һһԵ棬Կʼ˰
浭˵ѾʼˣһλһЩ벻ľϲҲ˵أ
ϲʲôϲ
׿ӣҲɻʵ
ղͼʯںϣôţ׾Ǵһ㣡
ԴʯܣȻ˵ģ
˵Ҳֻһöѣ
ôţѲĿᴿҲǾϲʵ
ٺ٣һо֮УԿ϶ܹǿһЧ
׵ĶԻöǰҲǼ֣
Ȼһʱỹȥоƺͷǳţ
¶һ˿ЦݵǿһλĿλһµĸ߶Ȱ
ͷˣŪһԿɣϾҲ֪СõΣһʧ˿ɾͲˣ˭Ըһԣ
λһŶҲЦǺǵĳ˿ȥ
µǰ㿴ңҿ㣬ƺ˭Ҳҵһзˣ
ɣ
ԥ֮ʣߵߵ˳һԵķɿԼĶ˳ȥҲЩ
Ȼȥɹʺܸߣʧأ
ⲻͳƷ
ǷɶʮֵģԼĶӲɵۺڵʵ˵ʥǣ
һȺ˵Ŀܿ㼯˷ϣΪĳɹֱӾδˡ




3031˵ķ
 

֮У
ҲǶһ˳
ʵϣһвûʲôȻ׺浽˵Щʲô
ǷǷǳģ
Ϊ׽ɽʱ䣬Ѿɾϵΰҵ
ˣǶŵĻǻ˭أ
οԼʵҲһЩС˼ģ
һǵɹĻҲӦ߹ˣ
һɹʱԼ
ʧˣǿߣԼʲôأ
һʥǿߣȻûһɵۺ۷֮ףҲЩˣ
ĺˣֻЧ벻ãڲκʵ˺ģ
׿ŷ˳ҲЦǺǵ˵
һ׵ĻҲЩƲѣ
Ҫ֪֮ǰɲô˵İ
ʵҲҪ֮ǰ˼ֻνǲЧģ
ĳһЩʲô״Ӳ
ȻǰʵȻСССˡ
Щʵ΢ǵҲû̫İ
˵츳ǷǳĲģ
Ժȥ磬ָ˭ͻаҲ˵أ

һ̬ҪΪ籣ݻƾԼʵ϶ԶԶģ
ǿڶ࣬ȻλҲǳȻ
ܹǿĴҲǲٵġ
ûôŵΪԼֻܹĵزˡ
οݴңһ֮ôܹأ
Ϊˮǵػߣǿδϣ֮һ
׵ʥϣһȫԸԲǰ࣡
浭ȻһЦãȽǰ֮УȻĵĸʱͿռ䷨򣬴ʱͿռ䷨֮ͻƶ˵Ӧˮɵ顭
ʱͿռ䷨⡭һֱڳԣʼղ䷨
棬ҲЩε˵
һԵЦŵȻİ취ֻܺúøˣʵû츳Ļֻ˵Եˣ
һ׵ĻҲǿһ£
ɵۺ۷ľ磬ǱһĻôҪˣ
츳׿κ֮£
֮ǰδʱͿռ䷨ʵҲ
Ͼɽ磬ҪطǿҪĪĻԵġ
ǧɽѣܹһ·Ѿ൱ţˣ
ˣ
ֱӽ֮У̤󷨵һ˲䣬оһ˿˿Ĳ֮ͬ
º͵
δܵһĨϢҪ֪Ҫǿ̫̫ˣ
ѰһӲӦǶǷǳ飡
Ϊһ渻дĽ֮뵽ʱͿռ䷨Ƭ֮У
ʹԭķƬºޱȣԺɽǿߵ˵ż棡
ѹ֮£ôܹȫĵͶأ
˵Ŀⶼ˷ϣΪܶ˶֪δ;ǵδ
ķƬҪмķһ㣡
֮ƺһ̳Ϊ˴߻
һĨĨķƬѾʼڷںϣҲǳ΢΢һЦٶȱ֮֮ǰҪ˼ֹȻϰ
棬ô˵Ѿʼˣ
裬Ҳֻܹ˽һţ
ҪĸĽȣҲΪ׵ģ
浭˵ֹʼӦѾǸʱ䷨ʽ̤뵽ʥˣ
ô죿
Ҳ𾪵Ŀ棬֮гȵĹâ
֮
ôǿĻôǶǰ˻ǶԺǶӵ氡
ٺһЦѾʵɹˡҪư
һļ˵ҪƣҲһĻţ
ƺǴʳɻ棬ҪʲôĪɿʲôӰ첻ɣ
ǿƲõĻһﶼֱܹӷҹơ
һֱһԵӶɳˣ
ֱӷ
Ŀ鰡ǰλ澹Ȼ˵Ҫƣ
ǲϣھͷǶǰħ˭ȥæأ
ʱһһĹȥ
ûյǰҲֻܹڽ
Ѿ׼һУһƬʱͿռ䷨Ƭ
ЩƬ֮ȴûл֮ںϣ
ϾһûгҲ̫⣡
һмĸڳĻʱвȵĻ᲻ǣ
֮
˲סԼʵ֮ʣһ֮ƺ˸ˣ
ֻǵӵ˿һ̣Ӷɳˣ




3032¼
 


һδ֮߳ʱ˿ȥһַ豹ĸо
ȳֶоʲôʵ
Ҫ֪ѾһֻżҪ̤ĳǿߣ
˾Ȼʵ֪ѾǴﵽʲô̶ˣ
峤ʵȻʶˡ
ʵЩ̲ס˵˳̫ǿˣ
ٶӵʥڵǿ˵һصĴ
ô궼ȥ
˰꣬ȴһⲻò˵һַˣ
ɽ֮УЩʱıŬҪ
ȻˣҲûκεļ֮ģΪͬлڵȴǣ
浭˵㿴ʵҲȻѾǴﵽʥĺ۷壬Ǻ۷ҲǷֵȼģСӦһֻ̤磬㣬ǰֻš
һѾ˵һУ
ʵ˶壬һɲĸо
ŶҲǼ˵桢ʥϣһָоֻҪҪ٣ٿ̾ͻ
Ȼ
浭˵˵ʵһȻˣΪڻ֮һЩƫ
˵һεĿֻʧܣ
׿һԵʵ棬ĻһٱȻή°
ҲΪʲôҪһԭ򣬽ǣҾܿƵĲˣһʧܵĿƣ
ҲЩε˵
ݸһЦ⵹ǱһˣһѾԶ˰
һĽĿŷ
СվƷȻֱܹӷ磡
Ⱥ£ûһ˲ģ
׵ĻЦˣ
ղŻԼĶӻһЩʲô״ڿԼĶӲûг⣡
һβٿصʧԼĶֱܹӶɽٷ
һ뵽ߣɸоҸʵЩ̫ͻȻˣ
浭˵λԼˣʱһﵽʥ۷ˮ׼һֹ
ӿ棬ЩŤʵһҪǡ
ûһˣģѾҪˡ
濴ӣҲǹһֵ
һ죬ҲֻܹڨЦ
浭˵ħ֮Ժλɼλ̤ĲѾԶˣ
һܣ˵ԭңɼƺһ̴ֿɼ
׿˵λɣ
Ҫ֪һֱڵȴŷϾһεκεĲأ
ħħ۰ٵֻʣ²һʱˣȻҲץ
ѾɹˣҲû̫ĺ֮ˣ
ؼҡ¼˵һӦţӦҲʱ⣡
ҪһΪ˵ȷ̫̫Ĳͬ
һ˵̤֮أһҲ˷ͣ
Щʥں֮ˣ˵һʵķԾ
ĻᶼˣԺûֺµԼˡ
ǾԲܽĻװ׵ĴԼǰߵġ
˷ҲƴˣΪл֮İ׻ָһ֮ͻΪˣ
֮У
׶һ˽״̬ϥ
һ̣ӵŻ֮Ҳǳ׵ıˣ
֮壡
ȷżã׸оԼǾԻǿ㣬֮֮ǰҪǿֹ
ҲǺģǻǿ߸ĶǴƷĻôĲŻʲôöˣ
οڲɽѣҲҪΪ׼ˣ
˿̣
ȫļԼľ͵֮ϣڻ֮Ҳʼĥ
ԣ֮ƺһִ߻
ȴ֣ԼȻ֮
ȻյٶȼΪĻһõװ
֮ã˵ƺûʲô̫ð
̾һ֮Լ˶֪ʲôã
ֻܹջܹ֮鲻һ°ɣ
Ұο˵Ѿǽһȫµľ磡
Ҫ֪֮壬պ˵ǱӾ磡
ȻܹӾ磬ôɽأȻҲһһ֮ĸо
ȻԼٶȱ֮֮ǰ˼ֹ
һľˢ
оһּȵĳʵУһ֮
ѾǴﵽʥڣ
˿̣һкǧһ㣬סĳʥڵķ򲻶ϵĳ
ڴʱһλλʥ۷ǿҲǴ֮
ֻ˵Ŀⶼ۽׵ϣеҪ׵ܹﵽһʲôĲΣ
Ҫ֪ʥڵףԿһ˰ǳˡ




3033ʥڵ
 

ʥڣ
Ȼδ۷壬ܹ̤ʥڣ˵ѾǾԵͻˣ
Ҫ֪Ѷȱ֮һҪ̫̫౶ˣ
ûл֮İҪʥڵѶҲǲС
ԼۻһҲʮ㣡
ɽ֮У
Ժ׵Ķˣ
̶ʱ䣬״һɽСӳɳ߶ȣ̾ģ
ʥϣͻƵʲô磿
Ȼ׵ľʥڣĿǰûе۷塣
˭ҪʵѾûκεĿˣ
ӵʻ׵˵ʥڣ
һԹһЦ˷λɽѾûܹƥˣ
֣µĵͷ棬İĻºˣ
Цŵ֮ͶѣҲϢһˡһǼҪˣ
桭
˿һƣģҲǹ
˵˷ԵɽʷһλԵ
һεĻԵ˵ܹƽɽˣ
ʲôӿĵ
Ϊˣ˶ǸͶصĸо
ȥӰ׵˵λڹһ޲սǰħ壬ʱһһͳɽ磡
ּ
ǰҲԳԾӣ
ܹΪ׵ұۣһǳĵ顣
״˷ҲѧˣԼߵ˶Ž֮
һҲǱԼˣҲǿٵĿʼԼʵ
ϾԼǰ磬Ҳ֪²ܹһεĻصɽأ
ڵף˵ӵһֻĳǿ߶飡
ڽħٵҪѪɺˣ
״֮߳ʱʱѾǹȥ˽һ꣡
һͬĻ飡
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֮ǰһֱûвμսҲЩͣ
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׿΢΢ͷ˷ǰħ壬Ҳþ׼һ£ħͫȻѸƣŪһðӦò⡣
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׵ͷװҲΪ˱£ħ˷ĿңҪǾôҡڵǰȥ֪жٵ۶ӵء
ҲԣɧţڰأһҲܶ࣡
鿴ףҲǵͷ
׵Ŀħٵ죬һͳ£
ЩСආ˵ʹġ
ԣһװһ£Ҳʡȥ˺ܶ鷳
Цһħǣô޵ҪǵħǲҲôļǿ

лǷޱȣȻ˵ˮϣҲϣѣ
˳𲻱Ǿӣ
׾Բħ֮˵ң
֮ǰĺǵʱ׾Ͷħʧ͸˴ħƻǣԼŮˮ
ǲĻԼΪһ˻ľͷǳıˣ
ο˵ˣҪħ壡
ħ岻ĸʣ
չһЦʦ磬ҲȺװһǵʹҾǻӦñԼĴӪ
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ŶʦĪ˵ķ
鿴ףƺ׶Ļ׳һ㣡
׹һֵһֱֻӷʱºѿơȽϵĺʣ
ţֻҪ򣬼ٶĸֿҲѹˣʾͬĵͷ
ݸһЦҲǳŴ֮˹ȥ˷ԼΪ׽˶£֮У
ʡȥ˲ٵĺ֮ǣ
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һͳ½Ѿǽ³ȥˡ
³ʵһͳ½ûκεģ
οʵҲʣһ۳ˣ
˵һͳ½Ҳʱ⣬Լʱ³Ѿˣ
׶뿪ǣΪħıҲôż
ǺܶǱһ·ǰһ㣬оûκδϢĻᣡ
֮׵ӰѾǳħΧ֮ڡ




3034ħ壬ħ
 

½
״ĺ̤ϱ½һ̣˺ɫĶң
̹ǵ紵ϣȴû˿ĸо
֮б½Ĵ½֮Ϊӵһط
붫½ļ紺ƻȣⱱ½һȥ޾Ĳ
׳ֵĵطӦһǳأǳؿȥƺģҲǲС
Ӧøĺǲ࣡
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˿Ҳǳ׵ߣʦ磬⶷ҵҲǲٲҪαװ̫ˣ
ʲôطֲħһֱ춫½ĸڿҲûеİ
׿һԵ飬ҲǸ̾
ֹ֮ģ
ħֻͬǴ˿̵˵Ҳʵˣ
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طΪĵط֮һļٵģ
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ħԼֶôݰҲǲòħֶˡ
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ͷħ۴٣ħӦҲв˻ǰʱǸǵĶȥʵˣ
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ͷȻЦŵʦҪħ壬ʵͨħ岢֣ܶħ֮˻ǳƵġ
Ȼ֪νĸħ壬ʵҲħĻҶѣͨڣ׾ôɱҲնɱİɣοֲǲ֪ʲôˡ
׿ӣҲ֪Ҫ˼
ײһѪ֮ˣħĻʵڲĻҲ˵ôߵĻ
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׵ͷ߰ɣˣⱱ½ҶһûأȻҲǿ˽һķ
ħ˵Ҳʦ磬ҪȻҸطЪЪ˵ȥħҲûʲô˼
鿴ףҲЦʵ
׵ͷţҲżһʱᣬ˷ǰ㵹ǿԻһˣ
ɱ
׺һ·ŵʱǰȴ⣡
һȺſ׵׷һһŮӵѾ˺ۣ
ֻͷƺŷǰδе
òƫеĳ׺ķ˹

ֱӱǰлΧ룬׺ҲЩ
Ϊƺ鷳Щ̫ͻȻһЩ
ħǳ£˵ȸϽ
Ϊ֮˿ȥֺҲʮֵ˵ã
Ҫ֪ħǵĳǿһԵķʲķʲô׵֮أ
ʦ磬߰ɡ
鿴ףҲǳ
ҲħǾ鷳Ҳǵͷţ߰ɣ
һԵѾǿ֮ĩ׿ȴûκεͬ飡
֮з飬˵׻Ĺһܣ
ħľô
֮ǰĺǵʱĺİħ֮ˣȴһ³
Ҳ׶ħһĺøжûеԭ
ħǺ֮ǣ
ħ˲ɱħˣиë߹ϵ
վסժǵ֣Ҳѵ
״׼뿪Ϊ֮еĽѾǵֵ׵ĲӸǰ




3035ƫƫ
 

ħڣ
һȺħ֮˿ֻ֣û˸ǰֹ
£·˵ǿƣ˵˳ӦһλȨءǳ֮ˣ
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׺ԭѾǴ뿪ˣƫƫǰһǵҪ׹ȥ
ҪΪ׺ֵ̫ˣǾȻ˰»ôĵǸͷĽܲ
һﻹǵù׽ѵȻײϣ
ʲôѵѵİ˵ѵǾѵ
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һħٵħҲǳ
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ʵһ˾޹ģοҲΪˣ
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ҲֻϸǱ߽΢һ㶼ң
Ǹýָ׵ĽƺЩѾ˾ռߣ
һԵˣǶ׺ѲôĻ˵ڶ飡
ѽÿ
ȻŶңѾۻޱȣ
Ǹ׵ĻԳֳһĨεı飡
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ʱ˿Ҳҵˣ
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̣
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㣬ݼұħۣ͸˵ǲѵǿɲѵ˵㣡
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磬㡭˵ˣ
㿴һԵӣҲ۵ĺܡ
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˲ů
׸ܵһů⣬ħҲǶɥ֮ˣ
ʵϣҲδгְ˵
˼ҿԼ֮ʣȴҲԼ˵
˵ǰ˲
ټϸղƺħйأ˼Ҳǻ
ħ壬ѹҲ֪κε飡
˵һĨڣ
Ȼ֮ǰĸǰһЩĶħľϸڣҲȫȻ֪
Ҫħһ֣˻ܹԼָһЩأ
ߣ߸ʲôϷ룿ţҵѺҪʣ
忡㣬Ҳ¶һ˿Цݣ
ЩµĿ忡㡭ʲô
ʲôʰС˵Ҫ㳢һʲôζħʮŮ֮һˣһиˣ
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ü㣬ʮŮⳤ໹Щر
׺ܿ㷢֣ƺһЩֶԼĿ
ҲҪ׷ɱֻǲ֪Ϊʲô˰ɣ
Բģ
׿忡Ҳ΢΢һ̾
ʵϸղǷȥҲûʲôˣ
忡ƫƫ͸ôһ
֪ǣѾǸıˡ




3036µնɱ忡
 

忡סˣ
һҲڵ

ħǾȻ˸Ҹ˰ⲻʲôأ
ʵϣܹΪħǳѾǲԶˣ
οħǳǿħ۵׵ִܵƣ
λ忡ħǳֶӣһϵ棬忡ƽʱǿɶǱǿ׳ģ
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ھȻ˸ڴ֮ͥ˵忡
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ԼĶܳʲô⣿
һԵҲĿɿڴĿźɫң嵽׳ʲôӣ
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Լĸһ֮Ҳ΢΢̾һ
Ҫ忡һأǲܵ飡
˲֪Ǵðģǿʵƽƽӣ忡λɻʾ۷ǿߵĶְ
ͷʲô˶аȻڱĸǰ˴ʴʣֱǿ֪
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忡ʧӰ٣ֻʣϵһ̲ѪˮҲǺһķ
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ԭ忡ǰħʿǣԼĽˣҲŵøϽ뿪ˣ
Ҫ֪忡ǿɻʾ۷ǿߣȺ֮ѾʵΪǿˣ
ɾһλɻʾǿߣȻûܹ˼ҵлһغϣ
أ
ȻӵĲˣ
忡ѾˣΪԼӱǸûκε
ټ忡ǳ˵ֶӣʱһоɳԼˣ
ԭַǷĽֵһӱЩĸо
˭ҲԸմȾ飬ǿˣʱ꼰㣡
Ҹطɣȸһһܰɡ
׿飬Ȼֿ˿˵
ײҸνħ濹⣬ھûʲôҪ󶯸ɸ꣡
ħħҪĳУȻҲ׵ľôŹˣ
˺ܿʧ˽ֵ֮У˭Ҳ֪ǵȥ




3037³
 

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ಣ
³׼ǰȥ˴ƭһ׵ʱ
ĸǰѾǳһƣ




3038ݼ֮
 

³ҵķڣ
ԭ֮ԱǵѾʧȡ֮һľݣ
Ϊóǿƣ۾³Ľ
ˣ
۳ĹأΪ³Ů³ôܹ֪أ
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³֪ǰ֮˿¾ˣ
Ϊ֮ǰԼ׵֮˵ķǳˣҲˣֵۣһҪȫԸİ
³֪ҪȥħģҲΪʲôûн³ҳһԭ
пҪ³ҵİҲ˵أ
ֻǿ³ԼҲû뵽ĻĸԼŮˣ
ײδȵ³ҽ˵꣬¶һ˿ǳЦˣħ壬ͲҪôˡ˴ǰħ壬ΪŪһЩ۷
ʥϣ֪Ůʲô԰𣿡
³֪׼Ȼ³Уô϶ʲôҪԼģ
ȻҲ˵׵һЩ飬Լʲô԰ס
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˵˷Ҫټно˵ħ۴١
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³һȻֻҲòӦ
һӲʱʥ϶Ҫŵùˣ
ʱ
³Ҳһĳ׵ķ˹ȥ




3039Ҫȥ
 

³ڣ
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ԱߣĸҲЩŵĿף
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ŶΪΣȤʵ
ӸղѾҸҸƷǲ֪ӵκεϸǱץˣ֪ǲ֪
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ң
㿴ƵĿ⣬Ҳŭһ
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׿㣬˿ѾǸоЩɵˣ
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㿴ףоǰһ͸һ㣡
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׿㣬Ҳ΢΢һȻ뵽ˮˣ
׺ݼõĶԻ˿̵³ҶЩˣ
ôȥô




3040Ƶ³
 

ȥ
³ҿףȻûб¶׵ݣҲһĵǣ
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³ڵһָоҪ֪̫Ϥˣ
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³ҵ֪֮УΪǿıʥɽǰǿˣ
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³ҳ׵ͷֹӣȥ׼һЩҪϹĶɡ
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׿³ңоﻹЩɵĿ£
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׿һԵļˣ³ҵֻεĸЦ
³ҵ˵Ǵ˷ǰȥǷɶ˻
ʵڵ³ޱȣϣλ׵۾ֹԼźء
һųķ򻺻˹ȥ
ֻһ·³ҺݼѾûκεı顣
ǲ֪ȵǵĵʲô˰ţ
ԭΪӹһٵݼôҲû뵽ո˳צȴû뵽һԼȴˣ
ʱ
ħǵĳΧҲַǷһһ˳ų룡
Կóǣ˶ħͷ
һɫΪ֮ҲмУʹȴһûп




3041ħٳ
 

ħǳ
ħǵռ֮ЩĿ࣡
Ҳѹ֣Ҫ֪ħǳrħǿߡħ׵ܵܣ
ΪħڶУҲΪһУrҲͲˣ
ʱ
ħ۴Ҳһµʱ䣬r߻ʵԶȻŹÿһѹεĻᣡ
ħȻrʵ쳣ǿᣬΪ۳ߵҲҪĲ
ħ˵û˻ʯʲôĶģ
ԼòˣҲϣܹӵ㹻Ķ
ħǣ
ΪħĽгЩħ֮˹⣬׬ȡʯ֮⣬ǻһҪǴ̽ħ鱨
ԣЩħǿˣҲߵģ
rҲǿһ㣬ÿһʱ䶼ѹһЩУ
ֻrΪħȻԳ档
οʵ϶ΪЩӰ˵С£rһ㶼ǻύԼĶ죡
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rĶӣҲħǺպٳ
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ʦ㻹ûпư
ԶתҲǳǸ΢΢һЦ
ٳ»ħ֮ս
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ʦԶƺһΪʲôԶĵôˡ
һԵĶʦҲǾ㵵˵ô˵ʥҪ˷֮ʣնɱλĴ׵۾ˣ
Ҳȷĺܣ˵ʵͷܹñٳ˻ǲࡣλ׵۾һλֻӪͬȻҲǲһģ
Զ΢ſԶ֮оȻһ˿֮飡
ٳҲšʦҲǰο˵
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Զˣ˲ϲ¶Ǻʵǣ
һǹĺܣһ鼸ûκλͷĿԣ
ʦԶٳôӦΪӭħ۴ٰɣЩ֮ڸҲǲ٣Ҳó׼
λʦǿɶɵۺ۷ĳǿߣҪЩеĻ
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ٳΪʦо仰ֵ֪˵ΪʦΪĪ嶯£
ʦԶȻѹԼ
Զһ㶣漴ԼĴʦʵʦָ̡
̣
ԶȴҲһΪˣ
ʦԶ˷ֵħ֮¹˭֡δ֪ħȻʤܴ󣬿ֵܹŴ漣ҲʲôǵѲٳҪͷ񲻳ɣ
⡭⵹Ҳǣֻֻǿˡ
Զüͷһ壬ʦ˵Ҳеģ
ԼôȻħǰС¶һȴҲʲô̫Ĳۡ
һֵ۶ϣĻħǴΣҲ˵
һʱ䣬ԶЩˣ
ֻһˣΪѾԺڵɱ֮
ԶԺڲµ޵һѾǶˡ




3042³ɱ¾
 

ħǳĹ㳡֮У
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³Һ׵Ϊ֮ǰЩ飬ǳֵȴһЩ
˿̣
³Һ׵Ѿǵħǳ֮⣬Ǹո׼ȥ֮ʡ
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ʮ˵ʬ֮У˸оһĲ
㿴ǰĳҲʶһ
㡭ǾȻҶ˶֣
׺ո̤һ̣һλ׻һɵۺǿѾ¶Լı壬ŭš
ԱߣѾǵ˺üλ׻һ֮ˣ
ǷӣƺѾǵ˾ľͷһħΪʲôͻȻǶ֣
Ҫ֪ħһǾˮˮΪʲôͻȻأ
ʡ𾪣
ǰλ׻һǿ֮г˸ӵɫֻڵѾǽԼս˼£
ΪǰʵѾħĶˣ
֮ѪϴͶ½ħǵֻܹͶ½˾ȻħԿ
ǰ֮ųĺɫۣӰЩƮ
Ϊɵۺڵİ׻һǿߣǰƺҲǱ֣
ɡʥǿߣħ廹ǹѪģ
λ׻һǿ˽֮Ҳǳ֮ɫ
ΪնɱǣħǳȻʥǿߡ
±Ͷ̥ǵòҪħԿǵ³Ǹһ
λʥǿЦһѾǶһͨڵĳ
ħ岻кӹģһϢ壬ʱҰ׻һ嶨ȻĴħ壬
λ׻һǿ֮дһĨϢ
ħѾ֣ȻûκεĻͷ֮·ˣ
λ׻һǿ֪Լ϶Ӳȥˣ֮ʼвλħǿߣ
λħʥǿ쳤ХĿ֮͸޾ɱĴ壿ٹһӣ¾Ͳˣ
ʲʲô
λ׻һǿ⻰Ҳһľ
Ҳ¸⽫֮ˣûϢľȻ˶۳Կֻ˴ħ۴٣ħѾʹһ֮ʥɽĽλʥǿΧ׺νĴ壬Ϊǻл𣿡
λʥǿʵҲǸոյ֪ϢԼ̲ס˷
Ҫ֪һħ壬ʵѹҲԿ
ʵ֮ħҪǿἸ֣˵
ɽ磬һڶħʹ壡
˵֮ǰħ嶯֣ҲΪʲôǰ׻һ֮˲һԭ
ֻλ׻һǿħ֮˵Ҳڵ
ôܣ
λ׻һǿѹҲħǿߵĻ
޻̸֮ȻϢЩģ
ολǿߵ飬ȷ֪Ҳǳ١
ʥɽһЩǿ֮⣬½ҲֻЩ߲֪
ϾЩ鼫Ϊأ
һħ۴٣˭ܹ֪ᷢʲôأ
˭Ҳ֪һħ۴٣ѾΪ׺ǿ߰˺硣
ħ塢ʹ廹壬׺ǰ֮µȦ֮أ
ߣܹô࣬Ҳһ׵ԩѡϾвףֻѡӪѣ
λʥǿ΢΢ҡͷ¶һ˿ϧı飡
Ҹƴˣ
λ׻һǿ˴Ҳŭһ
ĻǼٵģ˵϶߲ˣ
һХ͸
ס֣
ڴʱһһХһ£
λħʥǿ߸Ҫ֣֮Ҳʶĳ߿˹ȥ
Ҫ˭ôţȻֹħǳ£




3043µ˭ɱ˭
 

ϱ࣡
һԭɱ¾һ̵õֹͣ
λħʥǿǳű濴ȥҲǹٳˡ
ȻΪʥǿߣɼһɵڵǿߣҲǹѣ
Ϊ˲Ǳˣħǳr֮Զ
ԶȻʵʱô츳ȷǷǳĲҪݣ
ħٳ
һݣǿλħʥǿߣҲòԼ߰ͷ­ˣ
ʵϣ
һжԶԼƣħͷħ۰ٵ
ԼĴʦѣԶľԼôǳȷ
ԼĴʦԣȻһʱˬɽһλ۾ɳͷô죿
ħңȷǲҪһ֮ˣ
ӵֵ֧Ķ۾һ֮ˣ
ԶԼӦõͷΪ֪ͷûôĺõ
֮ǰ֣Ҳʶ˴
ֻǵֵһ̣ħǳѾǺʬҰҲǺڲ
λħʥǿҪɱ¾Ҳʶֹһˣ
ֻԶû뵽ԼֹͬʱȻһֹ
Ҳʶ̧ͷ׺³ҵ˵ķ˹
ԶĿһλħʥǿߵͳ죬ôˣ
ֻʣǰˣٳģһжڼƻ֮У
У
ħǴͳ죬Ҳħǳµĳս֮һ
˷ǽӵԶЩչһɱ
ֻڿԶҲһü
ΪóλٳƺЩԥӡ
Զ̾һˣûлͷȻѾһˣǱɣ
ٳģһĸɸɾʱһ¾ˣ
λͳٺһЦҲǺ޹˼ɵ˵
Ǽ˭
Զʶ³ңΪħǵٳʶҲһЩеƹģ
ο³ҸħҲûж꣬λٳҲǲ̫Ϥ
Ϊ֮ǰϾ裬һҲ˳棬ǰλͳ죡
ٳǶ½۳³֮ˡΪ׵λӦ۳۾³֮Ů³ң
ͳ쿴Ŷ³ңҲǵ˵
ôȻǽˣǱ·һˣ
Զ˵Աôħ֮ˣ
⡭²̫
ͳ쿴׺ӣҲһü
³ҵԱߣôħ֮ˣɾħ֮Σ
˭ҪǵƻǵļƻǱ·һˣħˣ
֮ˣȥǵժħǳȻ˵Ĺ
ԶŶźɫ֮ˣȻһӿ˵ʲôˣ
³Ҵ˿һĻң
ΪһԵʵ̫ˣǰɱ¾ĳ
ЩΪԼǰĻ½Ѿڵˣ
³ҵ࣬΢΢һ
ԭֻҪȻģǾҲһĸ֮˶֣
ôҲû뵽һǰôĵù
ΪԭǱɱ¾Ҳ˵ھǲҪҲǲˣ
ˣ
֪һǾǲҲˣ
˻ĽҿɴҶǸҲҪĹ󡢵س
ߣԭǼѵ
ԶԭΪ˭أǵ˵Ӱʱ
Զѵѵ˭вݼһĹΪͷȴôһѵͷߣݼҲҲú
㿴ԶҲǷߺޱȵ˵
ֻҪ֮ˣһŭֱȼ
·㲻ߣ㴳֮ǰɱõܣٳΪǿ϶Ȼ뿪ħǣû뵽ǾȻܵǳ
Զ㣬ҲǹһЦ
㿴ԶЩҧгݵ˵ɱǣ
ɱǣСħʮŮ֮һĳСһģһμȻԵ֣ĳ޸İͳ졭
Զ㣬ȻıԼòǰ˵ȴЩ֮ĸо
ڣͳĿ䣬ҲǱȭ
Զһӵ֮ɱ˰ɣٳš

ͳҲԼһԼ֮ϵѪ¶һ˿̵ģ
飬ʲôƨٳ֮⣬֮ȫɱˡ
Ŀɿڴ
³ҺýŲѵʱ׵һϯֱڵ




3044ǿ˹
 

ȫնɱ
ƺһЦһ㣬ԶҲסˣ
һǲǷ˰
ȻԼĵ˵ҪնɱˣҪ֪ǳҲǵĴӪ
ﶼ˸ɵĻôħҵҲǶˣ
˿̣
ԶסˣһԵҲڵ
Ѿ׼ǿ͵֮ǰûоȹԼˣ
ҪȻ֮ǰ忡סĻҲһ
һһ죬˵ʲôأ
ֻ޺ǿȫûбҪģ
оƵǣǰһţ
Ȼǹɱʽıֱǳ
һﾹȻԶ˵ҪնɱΧеˣǸоҲһͷĿѣ
黺˳һ۶ķͳȻȻһЦʹ㿪ʼɣ
СħǳҰģ㻹ǵһ
ͳһƣĶǴð˰
³еʵˣ
ǰ˿ȥǸѣȻʵҲǿԵġ
ʥǿ߿˵Żɵȱı֣
ԶһЦŷͳͳ죬˿㣬͸ɣ
֪еʵģ
Ҫ֪ȻʵãħһǷǳ˽ġ
ħҪһħΪ׵ˣһħħrΪ׵
λзͳ죬ħrµĳͽ֮һҲħĳң
ʵݼұĹУݼħǵķֲԶλͳԴΧ˵ģ
ǰǰʵǿӦѾﵽʥˣ
ΪħĺţȻǽӴνʥǿߣ
Ҫ֪ĸݼ峤ʥǿߣݼҵʥǿҲôλģ
Ļݼܹħ۵Ĳأ
ʵﵽһĳ̶ȣħҲǵһŹѣ
֪ʥǿǶôǿ
Ѱ֮ҪԸʥǿߣֱǲܵ顣
˵ɵǿѾǺ绽ꡢǷ켫
ʥǿߵǰɵ۾ǿߣ͸׸û̫ġ
ߣڸˣ
пŶ㣬ҲЦһ
ΪʥǿߣӵԼĽ֮˿ȻҲŭգ
鵭ĿһһԵһѣҳݣ

Ӷɳˣеڣûб˵Ŀ
һڳڱ˸ǵħǳ˰
оǰһǷޱȣ
ͳ죬һʲôʥû˵ɣˣǸﲻ۵Ҳʶ
ԶһЦ˳Ȼ˸ʥǿ߿̣
Ҹҵ˵ʥǿɽô˵еˣҲûм˰ɣ
Ȼڴ֮У
׿һԵҲûмʲô棬С飬ɱ
ħ壬û̫Ĵ
οǰ֮ħħ۵أӵĲĴ
ķϻѾû̫壬Ψɱ¾ܹȺۣ
΢΢ͷڴʱһȵѾռоһŤ
ʥڵ飬Ǽ޵һĴڣ

һץϿƺһε֮Ѿǳ˵ǰ
δȵзӦǵ֮Ѿǳĸǰ
֣
ʱķƺǱǰһĻˣͫҲһȻķ
֣
Ƿжǰ֮˵ۣھ֪Ҳˣ
ʶ̧ԼеķɽҪסһĨǿĹ
ǾƾʥڵʵҪ赲סĽ
ŶûУ
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һɫĽ⴩͸ռ䣬·ҪһΪһ㣡
ԶķиоԼǰһڣȻһѾƿԼķ֮Զ
һΪ
еԼӣϵѪѾʼ
ȻղһǿеıܿҪĵطˣ
ʵĲоһ׹ԨκͿ־壡
ԼǰһƤĿӣд˿ҲǺĴŴ
ʥǿߣǰ֮һ֮¾Ȼŵ˺ü
ȷʵòԶԶߵ³ҵ˶Ŀɿڴ
Ȼ³֪׵ʵôҲû뵽λ׵۾ߵ˾Ȼֲ˹
һʱ䣬ħǳȻϢһļž




3045նɱͳ
 

һ˶ѷ죡
Ĺ㳡һ̱һΪ
ĳһִս֮δɢѹȸУ
ꡭ
ƵĴϢӷеһഫ֮дŵ޾Ļ֮̿ɫ
ֻǵ˻δӦ֮ʣ
һѾһεԼĽ
ʥǿߵĽǷ޷ƥеģ
֮ǰķлΪè׽ϷֻôҲû뵽Լȴֻ
ˣ
ռһεĲΧһεһһ㣬Χϵɢ
ȵöķеоŤ
Զλʦں濴Ŀɿڴ
ΪǼҪæҲûκεĿԵġ
ǵʵԲ뵽ǰս֮У
ʦ⡭һÿֲ
ԶɫһĲҰף֮ǰĳ֮ɫѾǾȥµֻһĨ֮ɫ
ǴʦҲһڿˮ֣Եĸ֣ٳǸϽ֪ͨ˰ɡ
״˻ڱչأ֪ܸܲӦǿߵĵ
Զһƣûеǵֵز
Ϊڵĸֻмλģֻڲѣ
˻ûΣԼвǵı֮а
Ҫ֪Щ˿ɶԼĸѡרŸ𱣻ҵϵ֮˵ġ
Ȼrµĺأ
ҵϵ֮У
һԵĶʦԶٳҡҸʦƴҲǻỤȫģ
Ȼô˵ɿǶʦ飬ȻѾЩųˣ
ǿߣǾȥҲǰ׸ѣ
Զʿˮδ˵һͫѾһε
Ѫ
ж˵һĹȴûжǵڶΪǿĹ
ơѣ
һ̣е·˲䱻ȼһ㣬ڿֱӱը˿
һĨǿĹ÷ʱ򶼲֪׷ʲô
ħһͳ죬һѾǽʱ
һ̼ѻȸ
ԶסţŲԶԼ飬ԼҲѾǲ˼ֵ㡭Ǿʲôˣ
ǣʲôˣǸݼҵһ̣ǾӦ׼
׿Զ˵
ײʱ¶Լݣûеִħ֮ǰݼҵһڻݣ
ŵǣʱǰҪԼ֮һľϲ
񣬽ƾˣħΪ֮ˣ
ݡݼʲôʱĸˣܣ
Զ׺飬һˣ
ȴѾЩ޿˵ĸоˣ
תһԵĶǲ𣿡
Ρˣ
˿̻ڸղŵ֮УеǿԸӵģ
ôҲû뵽ǸǰȻ˵
ʥڵǿ߰
λǰǰֱһһĴڣ
еĹǷѾǳ׵ıնɱħǳ֮ڣ
һɼ֮飬˲ȼ
ˣ
ݼҵĳҲǱһˣ֮ǰǸΣһĸо
ʮǣʵֱѹģ
ĿħǵĳĻǶݼ˵ǻκεź
ûУûУ
ǣȻˣɱӦҲûдˡ׵˵һһУ˿ƺϵħǳ
ݺݵĵͷһǰģ
Զŭһ㡢㣬Ǽֱǻ֪ɣǵĸ׺ĸ׻ݼҵĵϵûǱѺħ֮УǵڴҰǱ֮أ
㡭˵ʲô
ԭΪԼĸѾħ֮С
ԶĻһӾᵽɤˣ
Լĸûôأ
ʱħΧݼңħ۵ĲбôܲɱԼĸأ
׿Ǻǣݼ峤ûΪħۻɱɱûκεĹϵ𣿡
ߣΪɱ˱ٳɣ
ԶȻ̬֮һᣬƺܵʲôǿ֧Ԯһ㣡
׿Զ˵ȻˣǾͲҪҴˣ
㡭ô֪
ԶոյһҲǾ䣬һֵģ
ಣ
ڴʱλħǳɫ˿߷εѾǳ˵ĸǰ
ħ֣
㿴ˣ̲ס




3046ħ
 

ħ֣
üͻȻֵˣʵȷǷǳǿᣡ
λʥ֮ˣλʥ֮ˣ
ħǳ֮˵Ҳûв鿴һ
ԭΪһħѹҲǲֵһᣬħǳħ۵׵ܵܣ
ħܹλʥǿѾ˲õˣ
ֻû뵽ǣħǳھȻڶʥǿߣ
ħ֣ǣֵͦʰ
ɨһȦվԶΧλߣҲĨһ˿мЦ⣡
һԵɫЩѿĿ׵ǰɵСˣħǿǺġͨս˵ǳǿ
ħֵʵȷǺǿǿҲȲʥڵǿ߰ɣ
ħȴһ
λֵܣ˴ӿʼеһֱһģ
Ϊֲǣ֮ͨ
˵ǵսѾǲһλʥڵǿˣ
˿ֲҲѹɫѿˣ
ȻʵǿħĸȴָƣЩȽϳģ
ħֱȽϳʥǿ֮һ
ħʥּҲˣ˿֪ǵĵλأ
Ǵһ۸ˣħһҪʥ֮ҲôĲҪ
ƳһǼˣ֮⳰Ҳѿڶ
㡭㾹Ȼħǳλϣ㻹ǻ
ԶԭһΪսʵЩң
ɾ֮ʣһµȼ˶־
ħ֣
ǿԼ޵λ֣
ΪٳԶʵҲֻ˵δħֵ
û뵽λǿ߾ȻͬʱԼһɰȫԶ˲Ҳ
ٳҵ˷ħ֮ٳ
Ϊ֮˸˵ĳಢκε𣬻ħҲֻԼֵܹ˭ϴ˭˰ɣ
лλϣħǳŰɱħǴͳ죬ֱ
ԶŭһѾû֮ǰֽ֮ɫ
ħ֣Ϊ֮Ϊһ
ֵ˵֣ǰֶһֻ˶ѣ
ħֵıǽ
ֶ˵һŶѣ֮ƺ֡
ϴôĺţ
һŶ飬תԶҵһȫΪٳǡ֮ʵҲΪǿᡭ
λϣĪǶĶ֣
ԶոշµһҲһεĽŵʵ
ҲղҵѾ۲ˣ˵ʵӦʥ۷ˮ׼֮ҵκһλӦöǿҪӭսҵˣǾ޿ܣ
һĵ˵ȷôΪģ
֮ǰ֮ûгΪǲȷʵ
ʵǿǶɲĵزĻôҪǳǾ̫ɵˣ
ʵһжԱΪ
νҲǽǵõôĻ֮϶ѣ
ټڴˣʵȻԸҲûа취
ΪٲĻԶ¾Σˣ
˭ѡҳأûбģ˶࣡
Զ׺飬ҲЩܻ˵
һĻŵһ£Ҫħ˵ûʲôĻԶֻˣ
˭
ԶɲԼħǣ֮ˣ϶ǳħķˣ
Ϊֻ֪лϣ
³Һ˸ո滺ģҲһεıQɤۣ
֮ǰɱķĳΪһϣˣ
ϣոȼһӳֵλʥǿߣ˲һ־ھĸо
³ҲһıŴ׵۾ԼС໹ûһ̵ͣЪɽһĵ
̫̼ˣ
³ҴδоԼ֮˵ļ
ħǵĳڴɱķⱲӿҲûи
˿̣
׿ŶķһˣҲǵ˵ҲҲǲ˰
ʦ磬㶯֣û⣡鵭˵
ǣʰҲܹһЩʡ鷳
׿һԵ飬Ҳ΢΢һЦ
ֵ̫ǣǳħֵ
һħ׺ĶԻǵڵһŭ
ħ壬û˸ҵǵ˵Ű裡
ǰˣǳɹļŭԼ
ħѾǽ׺Χ룬ǳ˻³ҵ˶Ŀм䣡
Ϊһ̵ʤֱӾǵ




3047µεԶ
 

ʥǿΧˣ
濴ȥʤľ棬ȴ˿ˣ
ƣ
ƣ
ٷһֵܼѾƵ˼ˣ
Ⱳӣǻǵһα˵Ŀ
Ҫ֪ħֵͷԺħνŷɥһ
˭ǣŵСȶҲ֣
ǽǵħǵĳȴ˵Ŀ
ȿֺ˵ҪնɱڳĹ㳡֮ϣ
ǿ벻̣
һѾǳ׵ŭˣҪ˼ʶʶħֵͷԲǴģ
ֻǲҵģΪλĸ֣
ס飡
λʥڵĳǿߣһ¶ǿԳ֮أ
ݣ
˫֮ʣħѾǶˣ
ǵĽ˵һ£·ȥһ˴һ㣡
âֱնȥ
â֮Գ
һƬĳ֮УԭâѳΪĽ⣬Զȥ·һ֯Ľһ㣡
Σ
Զλʦվһԣһָ㽭ɽĸо
һŵĺܣħλ֣Ǿûôˣ
ԶԶҲЦһ
ʵ̫ţȻҲŵʱ
ɷеʵ֮ħֵκһ˶Ҫͣ
λǿǵʵѹģ
ʦԶٳԼǣЩ˻֪λϵʵ񿴵λϵʵʵǿֲĺܰ
ǰٳץסˣʱһҪúõһʵ̫ˣ
ʦ׺飬ҲЩҧгݵĸо
Ϊ֮ǰһ̣һҪܵ뷨ΪԼ뷨оɳܣ
Զһܲܶλ⾪һǸδ֪أǻΪħûˣ
˿Զǵ֮гɱ¾ζ
ֻܹóԸȻǣ
׺鱳ԱǿħǵȷĽ˼ͬʱ¶һ˿аЦ
ಣ
Ӱһ̾ʧһ㣡
ħֿԼĹգҲ֮Ĩһ˿ľ֮ɫ
ԭǵʧӰ٣
һһԵķҲüأ
ϴ󣬸աղǣɡɾһ˲ʧˡ
ŷһҲǳһĨ˵Ĺâ
ȻʧˣСˣ̫һЩ
һˣҲǵѵ˿üͷҲѾĸˣ
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׾ļֻܹ֪׵ֶΣ
λʥǿǰʧ٣ɵӰҲǷǳǿҵģ
Զ
³Һÿ׺Ȼʧˣ
ǵҲǿһ£
ʿˮһԵ³ҵǡλǰĪˣ
³ɫɷ׵ĿҡҲ֪ӦӦòڰɣ
Ȼô˵ǵȴӿֳһĨ֮ɫ
λǰ·˵Ļôǵ³Բˣ
ѾˣҲ㲻ˣ㿴һԵ㣬ҲҧҧĽ޺ֻֻһ³ƹˡ
̸̸ʲô۲۵ġ³һĴͷɥ
ʵҲû뵽׺ȻʧˣԭΪ׺Ǵɱķ֣
ǲɱķҲܶǲܵİɣ
ǰһĻ³ҸоһľģΪʥǵȷʧˣ
ʧӰ٣
Щǿ߶ܲǵټ
Ȼ֪ʥϵôʧģȴһıۣǾʥӦѾ·ˣ
ڿǿУһЩֶˣ
㣬ǵĿɽǸûֵ˰ȻôεεĴ˾ôˣ
Զ˿ʼҲסˣǵһǷ˾ûгֹһ㣡
ǳ׵
һѾǳ³ҵķ򼲳۶ȥ׼ȥռʲôˣ
㡭˵λǰ϶ɱģһĻңǿ˵
ֻ˵ĻԼЩˣ
ͷڹҲñٳʲôˡ
Զ㣬֮˸һĿ⣡
Զħһٴһ㣬ûзκεľ裡
ֱֵǸоԲôļ򵥵ģ
ˣ
Ȼ
Զ֮ʣ޾ѹѾǳ˷ŵıƾյĿ꽣ӿ




3048±ķһ
 

ǵأ
εĽ籩һ㣬˳ħְУ
ʥڵ׺飡
˵ǿѾԸˣɽҪ˿֮ˣѾûˣ
ǿʵΧһ˵Ŀɿڴ
ǻΪԼˣɽһĻȴһֿ̹ĵļӸУ
һ˿ǽͫȻһ
ֲܹĸоɽжôǿᣡ
ʥڡ
һʧɫĿǰˣԭΪղǸ֮Ѿǿ˹ˣ
û뵽λĲб֮ˣ
ϴСģ
ڷһɫ֮ʣһԵļѾһԵķһ
Ѿˣ
׺ͨһ㣬ǵĿ꼸ͬʱֱָһԵķһ
Ҫ֪ħڵĴʵϾԷһΪĵģ
ֻҪɵ˷һǼ˵ͬˣ

׺鹲ͬ뷨ǵĹҲǳŷһŰȥ
һʱ䣬ħǳ㳡ѾѻȸʣµĽһĨ񱩵Ľ
¡
ͬһʱ䣬һը
Ľֱӽһɣ˿ûиκηӦĻᣡ
Ĩǽһ÷һΣ
ʥڣ
׺УһҲ϶ѣ
˻лγΧ֮ƣһԵħַǵûǰæǷǱ֮
ΪǴ׺Ľ֮жѾǸܵһɲַϣ
ʱȥǿҲǷǳĲҵģ

ǰħֵ뷨ѵĿѾǱǽ籩סķһڴ漣ķ
漣
ȻûУ
׺ͬʱ֣ɽֵܹסͬʱ֮ˣѾûˣ
ݣ
һڷһ֮вϵǻǷһǱһ㣬ķѣ
һεĿǷһʱѾǸܲһƬκϢˣ
ϴ󡭡
ʣµħһ׼ŷһķ񱼶ȥ
ǻûеִһĸǰʱǷһǱȼըҩһ㣬ֱӺһ˷ĩ
Ѫռ֮лصһѪ֮ζ
һǿߣħ
һ̾ʹ䣬һʱħǳѾǼžһƬ
࣡
ʱĭ·ǵĽźͲ
Զλʦһ̣Ѿɫ׵ı˲Ұ֮ɫ
󡭡ˡ
ʣµħֿŷһϢʧ˿һ¶֮ɫ
Ҫ֪ԼĴǿʥڵǿ߰
һغϣԼĴȻ˵ϡ
̫бˣֱ޿ƥУ
˿̣Ѿûжʱ˼Щˣ
Ϊ֪ڲܵĻ½ܵĻᶼûˣ
ֻѾǱ׺һ̣һҲ¶־֮ɫ޵ʱ䶼ûˣ
磬ɱ˴磬ƴ˰ɡ
ŷҲŭһ˿ΪľǸСķ
һԵļҲ̧ͷŷ
Ҫ֪ħֵĹǣҲǷˣ
ٿӣȴ֮Ѿ¶һ˿־֮ɫ
ˣ
̬еôȻûеģ
΢΢׺ŭһ㡭ǾʲôˣħʥǿҵȶǼƺûλɣ
㲻ҵݡ
׿ŷҲǵ˵
⵹ţǰһĻɪɪ
ǰѹҲǶ֣
пһ£׺һΪɱҴ磬Ǿܹ߳ô
˻
һԵħĹֿԼĶ磬Ҳһƣ
ӣ绹ܹ˵Ļ
ѲͲǰŭ
׵Ŀһ۷ǣǻָǼںˣԼ˱ɱҲô
𾪣
û˵ͷƤѾһķ飡
ħǳֻʵĻҲ֮Ϊħڶˣ
Ϊħ۵׵ܵܣҲħΪصħôֻôʵأ
οħֲħµֶѣ
ħǣʵΪǿļ֮УħֻŲǰ
ߣĳɱ˵ģǻǵһȻˣǱȻҪúõдˡ
˵䣬ǿϢ˵ĸǰ
һ̣Ѿûг֮еħǳˣ




3049ٶȾ
 

ħǳڣ
³Һ˿Ѿһ֦ͬĸо
ǸоѾ˩һϵˣ
ԣڶǹ׺飬׺һбħֵ󷨣նɱħֵϴһ
ǵȻǼѣ
ܹţ˭
³ˣˣ
³˵ŸոտʼҪǾôˣĲԸ⣡
ɽҪߣ֪ԼҲûκεİ취
²òͷ
Ѿո۳׵ǰǱһӶѣ
³Աߵˣ
˵ʵ֮ǰڴû׺飬ǸʱѾ군ˣ
ܹʱ˷бնɱѾԼ׬ˣ
ٷеݼ˵һİο
ħֳ֮һԵ³ѾǾôȥˣ
ɾΪûϣʱǺȻ׺һεĴǵϣ
ϣܱȾҪò
Ϊ׺ҪʼɱķĿΪݼұʱȴһεķƱ֮ӵĸˣ
ħˣ
ħֵģаλʥĳǿߣ
ħ£ҲӵŰСգ
ʵνİСպħµİ˴ղ࣬ħҲѧԼĸһСնѣ
ħͬСգǱǾλʥǿߣټϻûʣλħ֣
Ǳʮλʥǿ߰
˶ˣһ˶ʮˣһ˿Ҫ߰˸˵İ

һɾ֮ȻȻݼҲ֪ǵڼξˣ
֮ǰǵȷǻһϣϣʸ¶ûˣ
ˣ
㿴һԵ³ңҲɫҰ׵˵
³Ҳ΢΢һ̾ϣ
㡭ôǰ˵ģ㿴³ңҲڵʵ
һԵ΢΢ҡͷ³ƹѲ㲻֪ǰ֮˵˭
ҡȻ֪ħ
³ҿˣҲЩӲĵͷ
Ȼ֪ϣãҲ֪ΨһԼеıǰĴ׵۾ˣ
ôһϣû˵ĻǴ˿̿¾ʬһˣ
Ƶ˵ħһˣҸоλǰһЩϣħߵİСգǲı
Сգ
³Ҳδ˵ʲôСգʵħҲѣ
ħ߲۳ĹעԼûκε壡
Ļ³Ҳһƣ
ոճħ֣ʲôСգħôĸְ
㿴³ҵ³ƹħôʱ䣬ȻСնû˵
ҡҲ̫Ĵ£
³Ȼô˵ǿݼһȻӣҲǿһ£
һħѾǺѲˣ
ڼôʥǿߣλ׵۾ûϷˣ
³ʱһεܾ̫嶯
ȻҲòϣλ׵۾ʵĿ࣡
ħΪģħµİ˴֮⣬ʵϾħµİСˡ˸˸ʵ˵ûһ˵ʵʥڵġ
࣡
³Ҳǿһ£ŬһڿˮȻʵʥڣǡǱ֮ħ֡
ħ֣ȷǿСյĵʵǿޱȡҪǣС֮ѾͻƵʥˣ
㿴³ң·ڳ־Լһ㣡
³ɫѿǿŵҲҲδûлᣬȻλǰħ壬Ҳİɣ
⡭⵹Ҳǣȼ𣬸ġǡôİǡ
㿴׺飬ɫҲǸӵĺܣ
ϣ׺ܹնɱˣ֮־úܲܣ
ʲô³ȼһ˿ϣ
̾һλǰҲӵ㹻İ֣ǵʵδزܹħλʥڵǿ߶Կ
˵ĿѾǳ׺ħķ˹ȥ
µӢۣ
ʱ׺鱻Χˮйͨһֹ¾սĸо
Ȼû³ңǸ׺һĺ£
Ⱥ³һ񼤵
˿̣
׿ħһ˵ȵħ־ܣһԸһĻᣡ
ˣ
״˻һ˶һַĸо




3050µȺŹ
 

һ仰
ħǳԭɽХΪǿħѾǼ٣
ħٵĻħߴ֮еİСգ
СħҲָĴڣ
ȼǿߣɽҲҲٳˡ
Ⱥݣκһ¶Ҫľսˡ
ǰΧأ
˷·ûпǿһǵĹŵıǰǣ
ǾȻħ־ܣ˵ֻҪħ־ܾ͸һλĻᣡ

ĳ
ħ峬֡ħ۵ĵܵܣ˻СͶ
Σ
ֱƨ԰
rԭΪ˿ǻһ˷ǵûһǸӵĲ
£ҵȽ˶£´ã
ǰСΪ֮ˣȥȳȣ˵֮ҲǴһ˿Ƶᣡ
ֵľ磬ӦҲţ
rڰֵҪ˭ħǵңǺĺܣħʲôʱˣܹΪãҲʧΪһ취
rʱȻûһ˿һΣУһ˿İ֮ģ
һԵħһıӶˣ
ħ˵ĻôԺħкϷˣ
r£˶նɱҴ磬ҵ֮Ʋ϶ɱ˶ˣΪҴ籨𣡡
Ϊҵȴ籨𣡡
rħʣµ־Ȼͬ˵Ҳüа֮ģɱҲǷ֮ˡ
ǣħȻ°ֻ㻹°ɡ
׿rȻˣҲû˵
ϲȿ֮ˣԽԽа仰Ȼ٣˫ȭѵ֣ѲɶΪûа취ˣǸһλᣬǲϧǱֲñˣ
rüԣҲһ
£αظǷϻҴɱͬţǱҪ׼
СһҲߣ
ȻǸħֽ࣬ҲǺƽôˣ
ֵܰȻҲܹħֵ飡
ԼϴˣôҲñǣ
οڰСտıշĻԺǵĵλ½ˣ
ԣǶ˼ħǳ
rԥƬ̣ĳǰһǾʲôˣ
֪
׿rҲǵʵ
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rףҲŵ˵
Ҫ֪rʥڵǿߣʥҲ֮ң
˵ʵɽҪܹնɱǼǲܵģ
Ҳṛοֻ˶ѣ
ֻҪסһôʥǿ߶һ˿ըʱǵеһҲмܲסˣ
׿r˵Ȼ˵Ҳõ㣡
ܱղնɱ˷һǸǺܴİҪܱǻûʸ񣡡
rЦ˼оǰ˳׵ķˣ
˿̣
rѾǶһ˸ĳǹ
һһǹ򲻵֮£
׵ҲѾǶһϽϽ˿̿ȥҲԡâ˸
޷潣
һҲǳˣ
ߣһϽ»ĺܰ
rеĶϽȻһЦ
ԭΪһϿ϶ʲôöأôҲû뵽һﾹȻһĽò

rҲǴһĳЦ
˺׵ģʲôɲЦأ
׵ɨһrһϣ
ߣ㻹ŵĺܰҪʲôʸȻڱĳǹ֮£ǱҲǿ㣡
rףҲǻԼеĳǹ֮бһɱ
ħҲûֵˣһΪҪһأֻû뵽ħôţħԴëûиĵ
׿rеǱϽҲָ˶r
rһ㶣漴һ㾹Ȼħ֮ˣ
֪㣬֪ҵˣ
׿rҲǹһЦ
˿̣
rҲǱεڸŭˣ
ȻһԵ˶ȰοħҪðգڵħôܻ˵أ
ĸй֮Уǰ֮˾ԲԼĶ֣
ݣ
ǹһ񲻿ɵϢѾǳױڶ
Ƽ򵥵һʵѾǴﵽһ˵ĵز³ҵҲͲҿˡ




3051¿־ħ
 

һҫ۵ɫâ˵У
һ̣
rĳǹѾ׵ĸǰ
ʥǿߵһƼ򵥣ʵѾǴﵽһΪ˵ĳ̶ȣ
ǳǹ糤۾һĳ׵ǰ
rЦһҪ֪ⳤǹİ

ǱΪǿĴڣ
ǰһһƶϽȻҲҪԼĳǹԿ
ֱЦ
rԼĳǹǿֱӽһֱӸɳȥģ

ǻĽ
ǹìͷǶϽײһ
rһĨĻȣһȴ鲢ǰ㣡
ʲô⡭ôܣ
rǶϽȻĵֵסԼеĳǹҲڵ
һԵҲĿɿڴĿеĶϽ
İСպħָһľҪ֪֪rǰĴڵģ
ҲˣղóǱƲĶϽʱǾøЦĺܣ
һж
ȴһֲʵϽļͳ̶ȣѾǲħеˣ
ֲ
⵽ʲôȻ˲Ʋ»ôǿ
һﵽʲôȻֵܹסħҫħǹ
ǰҫħǹħڼ֮صõİ
һйŹ֣Ѿֹҫħǹôļ˰
ţһɱֵסҫħǹȻֵסħǿһ
ʵҲСﰡǻСӦΪã
£ħֺͰСմ˿ѾԼԴ֪ǰûһʡ͵ĵƣ
ǸղŶֵ飬ڶֵһ
˵ʵ¶ʥڰ
ħʲôʱ˵ĸ֣ѹͲħأ
ħ۴٣˭ʱǰħ嵷أ
ħֺͰСռͬʱ뵽һܣ
һۣһͬʱĳ׺ķ˹ȥ
˿̣
׵ҲĨһ˿Ц
֮У
һѾգħ֮ʣѾһǿϮ
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ã
ħпһ£ҪӦʱѾˣ
һ
׵һȣǽѾѩһֱӺХ£
ȰĽǰ׼һĳħĺֱնɱ
ħЦһѾʧ׵ĸǰ
ֻӵõ
״һӣ֮Ѿǲħǳ
ħԭٶҲһͣǵһ˲䣬ֱħĺ󱳣
¡
СպħͫȻһǿ׵һѾ˾κˣ
ħֱӱ˳ȥصˤ˵ϣ
һҲĿɿڵصĿǰһУƺǰľ޷ܣ
ȿȿȣ
ħȻ߾ȫѣôҲû뵽ᷢ⣡
ԼǱʲôס֪
һʱ䣬ԭȻޱȵħҲǲһ˿δ֪Ŀ־壡
̫ǿˣ
ħŶ֮ˣζӳ£ǰһ￴ȥƽ棬ôôأ
㡭㵽˭
ħһ̲סʵ֮Ѿûԭţ
ȡ֮һĨĿ־֮ɫ
ȷħ־ˣ֪ǰһﵽ״ӺζΪʲô˵ǿ
ֹУ
һбֱӼˣȻħҲû׼սȥʱ
֪ôһĹֻ֮ҪڴȥԼǱɣ
ħ˵ԲԼΣ֮С
أѾĳ̶ȣðСպħһϵĻôǶ˶ô
׵Ŀһħħۺٵģ
㡭ʥϺ٣浱Сɣ
ħƵĿףǸԼ֮ˣôԼĳ˵Ұأ
Ǿûа취ˣǼɣ
׿ħҲν˵˽ûд
Щҵˣһ㶼
ħʿˮ׵š
ǣ㲻ҪͶ˰ɣ̫û˼ˣ
׿ħҲЩεҡҡͷ
ȡȻΪʥϺ֮ˣǡӦõħǵҪȻɣɱԴλǰħΣ
ħףʵǱˣ
˵ķʽŷԼܵһˡ
սǺͣ˵ǳֺõ顣
ٺòˣڴ֮ǰϣħԴӦһҪǰ쵽ˣǾձΣ
׿ħҲһ˿ζЦݡ




3052´޹
 

׵ζЦݣħпһ£
Ц֮ӣ֪Ӧûʲô£
˵ҪҪӦԼ첻ģ
ħǻĳ˼ʲôҪ󣿡
ݼƽ
׵ĿħȻЦŵ
ʲʲôݼƽ⡭ôܣǡǿʥµּ⣬Ѳɻ۸ʥּɣ
ħЩŭĵ˵һҪԼܰõ
Ƕ֣Լһʧذ
ŶǿħǲԸҺ̸
Щϧ˵˿ΧһεļӾ磡
ռ𵴣
е޷潣ѾǻһĻ߳ħķնȥ
ħŭһСȴҪǿɾͲҪֱˡɱ
ħһ£
ԭѾǴİСպħҲһļ
ֵϳˣ
֮ǰһȵħӦһǵʱһǸӵĵű
ռ˾Եƣ
ħʵǰһôô˼أ
Ѳ֪ļһﶼ򲻹
һűӣСպħַһ󿺷ܵļ֮
׿һԵսپ
֣
ҲǺٺһЦôȥˣûôĴһܣ
ڻͰԼǰȻ˷ܲѣ

Ѿǳ˳ȥֻһ˳˰СպħֵȺ֮У
ȷľٶһԭΪԼռ˾ƵħҲһ
ˣ
һǷ˰
һ룬˶ĽӰħоһϢ
˵Ǵʲôطðİ
ôһһأ
һ
һҲû飬һ֮֮ǰҪֹ
һΣҲȫԸ
Ҫ˳׵ϣҲҪΪԼɩˮ񱨳
ԹۣδκεĶ
飬֪ʵ˵ԸȻЩѶȣʵˣ
˿̣
ǰķһҪΪԼĴ籨ҲΪĻģ
ɵһ̣޲õתͷֱ뿪
ΪǰĽѾЩŤѾǸһϢ٣
¡
գ
һǳŵڵһ㣬ֱڷ˵ը죡
һ̣ռŵı޼ɵĽ籩
֮һоΪ
ɽĳµһ̣ħǳһѾӿˣ
ͷǰˣһֱ֮ӱ
ûκεˮ
һֱնɱһλʥںһλʥڵǿߣ
һһֻ죡
ʱһ򵱹Īһ㣬ɨһԵʣ֮ˡ
ĿŰС֮Ψһһλʥڵǿߵһ㣡
࣡
λʥڵǿԭпޱȣΪô˴һˣӮ˵Ļûˣ
Ȼ䷢֣һλûˣ
һغϵĳλʥ֣
ǰСջħ֣ѾǱǿˣ
ħ˿ҲڵѪԼôĸ֣һˣ˵ǾǼٵģ
ŵǣôȥĻ½ԼʧҪǳĲأ
ڵһθ͵Ļ¾͵Ȼ޴ˣ
巢
ħ˿̸оԼƺЩԼĿһ㣬׵񼸺Խˣ
սڼһͣЪսһ㣬һһĳɱŶİСպħ֣
նɱеĵ֮ҲǿóЩǿ֮ĩĸоˣ
ħȫˣ
ҵһ׶ûУǰСմ˿һҲǱĿŶ飡
ûһ˸̤ǰһ
ǰ˿ó𽥵ʧأ
Ѿɱۣ˭ҲΪһ
ߣѾ첻ˣǼɱ
ħҲ˫۳ֳһĨɺ֮ɫ˫ѾǲԼĳ֮Уһ̣Ѿʹ˼㣡
ħ֣⼸λԼʮϼһǣû뵽ƽһ֮УȻȫ䣡
޴ʧ
˿̵rѾûκεĹ˼ɣ
ɱԼôˣǲµʲôôôܹأ
ǰһﱻԼţʣµİСȫǸһˣ
ħ޾ŭԭźȴİСһҲ޿ˣ
˻һֱۣӳѾЩѵ鱼ɱȥ
ֻǵֻ飬ȴĳɱĴڡ




3053¸ӿֲ
 

¶֮ɫ
ֻ˶֮һۣɢһɱĵϢ
ѲΪԼʦǸ費ɣ
սԼʦ֮ԼҪֲ֣
ĵȻһЦֱԭҪİСճ׵סˣ
죡
һ̣ǸоʲôطԾ
Ǳѡµѣ
ⶼ޷ֵɣ
ֻǼһЦʲôǿȥôĺЦ
ʥǿߵĶսǵһθоһ
ߣҪСӵļԻѾˣôѲɻ򲻹һ֮ˣɱ
С֮УΨһһλʥڵǿŭһ
ˣ
ѾˣΨһıֻնɱһ·ߣ
ƳգķϮ
鿴ĽĨһ˿аȵЦݣ
Щһ̣
Ȼʧ˵ǰЩֱӺķ򣡣
ħǳĹ㳡Ѿӣ˲
ȥʲôطˣ
СһʶѰţƾôѰѰ䣡
˿̵Ѿ֮УʼָԼʵˣ
һ룡
ڰСǱѰ֮ʣǸоһͷƤըѣ
ΪһɸΪǿѾӿ
Щ˸׽Ķ򣬷·޴ڣַ·ûһ㣡
ħԭΪԼʶѾסף
һ̣ŷѾԼƿأ
һ
ŭһֱʧԭأ
ţ֮з·Ʊһ㣬˲һƬ
ڵҹĻ֮УһɫĹâʣõԭĺѿһ㣡
âգ
ɫĹâ˷ŰСյķϮ
ħֵĿԶŭһСģ
ֻЩԭڴ֮еİСտһϮʱѾ޷ˣ
˸
콵һ㣬ĿϾӣ
ǿĽ
ǰСѾǳ׵ıû·һŴסһ㣡
һһգİСѾ޷վ
һֹ
ħһεĿȥʱȴѾλʥڵǿ߱նɱ
ʣ֮ˣһҲ˺ۣȥǱ
ֲ˹
һμ޲ĹħޱȣоԼһ˸ܿסһεĽ
˵˭Ϊ˵Ŀֲ
ħΪԼĴ硢ħĵ۾еһĵˣ
ǿߣȥ磡
ԼĴֵܹסǿ
Ҫ֪ħʵѾʮֵǿԼĴȻԼ١
ɸǰ֮ȣѹһĶְ
ĪǴǴ·ǿߣҪȻħԼͲΪʲôһˣ
Ͷ
׿һʣλС֮еǿߺһԵħ
һ̣¶һ˿̵ʵ
㡭㵽˭
ħףҲǴӺһź
ֻȥѾЩ΢΢Ĳˣ
һԵλʥڵİСͷ֮ʿˮ£Ҳ²ĲĻпǡ
˭
rھ͸һ㣬ԼһѾ˰˾λʥǿߣ
ھȻֵ˭
˰
ѾǶѼˣ
λʥڵǿߵӦþף
֡ף۳λ۾
rĺһķҲǳ˿־֮ɫ
ʵһħ۰ٵҪĿλ֮ˣ
˴ʥɽҪħ壬ȿ֮ħ˵ö֮
rһֱǶԴ֮Աǣħ˺֮磡
һǷˣôܸأ
ôҲû뵽һﲻˣһ־ħʧ˾λʥǿߣ
ʵֲ֮֮֮лҪ
ҡҵȽΪλʥڵǿҲһˮ
׶Կûˣ
޵û뵽ǾȻܹ²ĳ
ײδжȥԼαװܹ˵֮Ҳ˶ѣ
ֻ֮ԶԶĿţҪ׵˵һǿߵĶԻܣ
㡭ȻףǡЩǿأ
r֪ʥɽ飬иǽޱȣ
Ѿħǳ˵ҲˣҪЩǿߴѹǻл
׵Ŀ֮һĨɫһλԼе޷潣ħ֮˾Ȼܵ޵ĵɱ޵ĵۺӦ֪ʲôĺգޱħǼ죬Ըο˵Ľʿ޹İգ




3054rͶ
 

ħǳڣ
״ɱķνİС׵ĸǰ翳вһ㣡
ȻͬΪʥǿߣ˸׵ĲʵЩ̫һ㣡
һλһλħǿ䵱rڵѪ
ô꣬ԼһһμǱȫû
νħСȳǰλ۾ǰǲһ
˵֮ǰrһЩɵ׵Ļôʣµֻ޾ãͿ־ˣ
һʱ䣡
ħǳѾǷֱ
Щԭħǳˣ˵ΣҲֻķˣ
ԭַǷĳһ̾һճһ㣬겻ѣ
r׵̱˵ϣȻڵѾս½
rѾ᲻κεǰλɱˡ
¾
ħǳһɱrɵõ˺
һ̣ʣħ嶫۾һεĶԿֵ
ʵϣ
Ϊħһٶǰλ۾ĻҲܷ飡
rİû֮Уܶ˾
鲻޷صĵزǸ֪ʲôڣ
֮ʱԣɲʱأǾںڣ
кҩ
ɽǿߣҲûκεĺҩԳԣ
Ѿ˫Щնrײδһεĳնɱ
һﵽʱȷЩôȻ˵ôǺܴ
Ƕ˵ħҲҪİֵģrȻҲǾ߱ģ
ֻһԼ磬ʱѪͽʧЧ
Ǹʱr
ײǲʹѪѪѾǲԱ˵ˣ
rħ岻Ҫ޵ôھվֵΣ
ĿŶrɵѹǾ޴ģ
rƺЩعЩŵ˵ֵۣһе鶼ֻҪŹ
Ź㣿ǶȥǴ¾ʱûʲô鶼أҴ׵ۺ֮Ѳɾôˣ
һ뵽ˮҲŭһ
Ϊˮ׻ûô
أѾ¾ħ׼ˣ
r΢΢һһǳŪЩǱ
Ʊǿ
r֪ħѾǴȥˣ
װ˵ֵۣɱ˱Ҳ޼¡οǱ˼ħ۵˼
ǣô˵ħ˼޲Ӧ㱨𣬶Ӧĸ籨ˣǱͬѲ޻ָ޶Ըħ۲ɣ
׿rҲǲмЦ
⡭Ϊ۳ħ岢ǲɵͣԸΪʹ̸ɹ
rףҲεĺܣ
ħǿ֮һҲֻܹ׵ĸǰίȫˣ
׿Ц˼̸޴δ̸˷ǰħ壬Ҫ˶ȣһͳɽ硣
һһͳɽ磿ֵ۹Ȼǣ
rҲЩûһ˵ˣһͳɽ磬ǰλֵ۵Ŀ˵оͻأһȻ
ȻrҲλ۾ͷǼɽ˶û뵽λ۾Ȼɳ֮죡
϶޵ҲǿԸһᡭ
׿r˵
rһлᣬҲǼֵ۵һľ
ܹȥrΨһ뷨
ʵϣĻħʹ壬ܲܶԿԼˣ
ˣѾܹԸôʥǿߣ
ȿֲʵrоһϢ;
οħ塢ʹĿЭ
r֪ܣһϷʱпܣ۽ĻǾǲܵģ
˷ϵĿǶԸףһԸˣ˲߽ˣ
׿һr˵ֻҪޣ޿Ա֤ħĽɽ
ʲʲô
r˿̾Ǵ˼ѪһĿףȺ£
޵Ļ˵ߣӦӦǱ㿴ԼѡˡǸޣһѣ޶Ȼó
׿rҲĿһ۵
ֵ˵㻰r˼һҲǻ
ȨĿǰrƺһֵ嶼ˣ
׵˵Ϸԣ
rݺݵĵͷһӱ׵ĸǰû˿ԥ
Զ³ҺѾǳ׵ɵˡ




3055Ұļ
 

ħǳڣ
ʱĳڳ׺r³ҵ֮⣬ħ֮˼˵ӰӶ
׺նɱλʥǿߣħΪİСպħֶˣ
Ѳǻָħһܹô
ο֮ǰ׺ħѾǽˣѾǸˣ
ԭЩħֻܹ֮һɢ
һʱˣǿԩĵطҲˣ
ħ
ǲһջѣЩħǳĸΪ
ҪһѰĻﲻȥأ
ο֪ħǿ߶򲻹ˣܹȥѲɻ˼ǵ
ɽ֮Уȡ֮ˣ
أǰ˭ǵأֵܸ飡
ħЩ˵һֱǸ߸ϣôܶħأ
ֻǴ˿̵ħrҲȥעЩˣ
r˵ȤԼδ
ʵϣ
rħ涼лΪħ۵ģԼǰܸԼĴ磡
ȻˣrҲˣ
һֱǲ̫ģҪ֪ıʵƽ
ΪԼʦʦԭͲһϣ
˵ʵr츳ʵǱȵħ滹Ҫ߳һЩġ
ǰӿģ
ҲΪչ̫죬ҸûκεľϾǿߣ
ʵûķգrȴһ
Ҫ֪ħǧ꣬ǵѾã
ҪrǱݷĻһ¶⣬ͱԼĸǷˣ
rԭΪֻҪӹ׵ħצʱصħ廹л˲һģ
׵ջĿɿڴ

rûκεԥѡվߣ
Ϊʲô
ΪǱ·һǲˣԼԸлɡ
rǸɵӣȨκ˶
Լħ֮䣬ȻѡԼҲ֮鲻ǣ
rԸ׷ֵۣһͳɽ磬ɾֵΰҵ
rû˿ԥֱӵϥ¹򣬴˿̵׵ĳһ㣡
ײδrһr޼ȻᣬǱλã
ֻǾЩϧСպħǳһֱ֮ˣ֮ǰʥϱǰӵĻ
r˿̻ЩûڣΪһ˾һ㣡
ǣ޼ȻҴӦ㣬Ǳ߿·չ׿rҲǳ
rʿˮлʥ¡
ķϻҲظˣȻұħ壬ѱ㲻ᱳޡ
׵Ļֻ˵һ룬Ҫrܹ˵ʲô
rɫ䣬ҲǲΡΡ˫ϥ¹ʥϵʵҪֱ練ơ
ߣ޷أ
һεķʵʱrоһ亹죡
ʵϣ
rĲ֪ȥԼ׻᲻ڴˣ
ˣҲֻӲͷƤȻʶƵ
ħƱ䣬Ѿš޼Ȼ˻ᣬǱ㲻κεĶ
׿Ц˼Ҳǲἰ£
ʵϣǷ磬Ȼǽһ˰źã
ټ֮粢̫ѡ
ҲֻһrҪǵʱһʲôľٶĻعɽ֮ʱļˣ
r˿̿һŵףҲһƣ
ħ۵λûûеֵ֣Ѿ˵ĵģֵƺʮ㰡
ʥϷģ췢ģǱֵۣ𣡡
rҧҧҲǺݺݵĶ췢ĵ
ʵɽԻĲʲô˶ҷġ
οrлɽٷ֮ˣԿŶȻǺܸߵġ
rڵ̬Ҳġ
׵ĵͷգޱǰħʱħһǡ
ʥϣ˷ǰȥһҪСĽ
r鼸˵ָƵġ
׿˿rȹɣһǰħ޵ҲǴǶϡݼҼȻħԹǶ˵ɿ֮˲𣿡
ʥԼǣʵ֮£Ҳħֻۣϧħ
rףҲε˵
ͷ³ҺõҲɡ
ʱ³ҵһЩϾʵҲЩݵģ֪ʵģ
һԵѾЩ͵Ŀף֮дŵһ˿֮ɫ




3056ֵݼ
 

ħǳ
һ͵ĿŶףǺ뵽֮ǰżˣΪǵݼѾǱһֵĳأ
Ҫ֪ħߵĶħǳrѾǹ˴˵ĸǰ
ȻǻڻصΪʲô
Ǿʹ׺λǰնɱСպħǿϣ
ϣ
˿̣
˾ôĿףǻӻֵݹӡС㣬ǹɡ
ǡǣǰ
˲ΡΡߵ׵ĸǰһԵ³Ҳǹף
rһԵãһڵģ飬ѾǾΪˣκħѾԴ˷ħ׷ɱݹС飬ҲʵΡ
ˣ
оһͷƤըѣ
ʱΪħة֮ӣǶrҲǾηĺܣ
ʲôʱ򿴵r˿ĸԼ˵
أ
λħ֮ǰ֣һ̬ȸ˵ܲأ
Ȼ˵Ҳ֪ħ̬ȣӦǰ׺λǰͣ
ɾˣrȵĵ̬ȣǵлǾþòƽ
ھҪ֪״˵Σ
㿴r֮еһӷûɢȥ
rݼãҲǳӦǱħ弫֮ص֮УΨһȷǣ໹ţ
Ļ𣿡
㿴rҲһεĲ
֮еһĨڴ;µӣȥҼһ㣡
r˿һԵ׵ʥڴˣԸ϶ţ
ʥʥϣǰ
һȻĿףһЩ
ʥϣ
ħҳ֮Ϊʥ֮ˣֻħһˣ
ǰ֮˾Բħۣ˭أ
˭ܹrʥأ
һʱ䣬ݼö±Ƶ״̬֮Уǲ֪ǰλǰʲôͷ
һԵ³ҿʥҴ׵۳ʥϡ
׵۳
üĿ³ңΪѹҲû˵ʲô׵۳
׵۳С㲢֪СӦ˵Ҷ½Ķ۳ɣǰλĶ۳۾Ҷ½׵۳ʥ
³Ҵ˿Ҳһ˵
һʼĲмĿ࣬׽һʱͳ׵Ťת³е
˵֮ǰ³Ҿ׾һ嶯֮˵Ļôڵ³Ѿǳ׵Ķ׷ˣ
ֲԼĸ׶۷λ۾ϡ
ǰλ۾ķչͷʵ̫һЩ
Ҫ֪³ҵһ˵׵ʱǸʱ׻һʳĵ۾
նɱԼĴ³۬³һǻĵģ
ôȥˣ۳ǵûбˣѾΪ˼ҵĸӹ
ⲻò˵һּķ̣
³֪ɽûĳޣеı棡
Ѿ£ǾͲòͷˣ
ѲɾΪԼĳޣҪ۳
³ҾԼĸôˣôĲɵأ
׵۾۾ף
㿴ףʵҲ˵׵ŵġ
ȻǸʱ˵ʱ׻Ǽ֮ȴ̵ӡ
Ϊħ֮˶ڶ½ҲʮֵĹУ
׿㣬ҲݸһЦ޵ŻǺ
ʿˮ֮ǰֻ˵ֵķɣû뵽ֵȻ˵֮Ǵ֮еĻҪܶܶ࣡
ǰ֮ǰҲ״ἰֵֻۣǵʱ״˵Ҳû˵棡
Ҳһ˵
ֵǿٶȵЩˡħ
ڡ
rһ׺ԼҲ̹
ȻΪħ۳ħۣݼҵӦ֪ô˰ɣ
׿rҲǵʵ
r̵֪ˣҵǻΪۣݼұһħǵߡ
¡ħۣ㾪ֵĿס
׵˵ħ۰ٵޣͼħ޵Ҫħûͣ
͡⼸𣿡㿴ҪһεķҲЩֵʵ
⼸ԣ
׿Ц˼Ҳǳħǳ˹ȥrҲǽ
ֻǴݼõıѾǿԿóǸոȼһģƺһεĳ
ħǿǱ֮ħҪֲʮٱĵط
Ϳ⼸У




3057ħ
 

ħ弫ຮ֮أ
ħĴӪҲħ۶֮ڣ
Ȼ˵½ԴѷĿຮ֮أɶɽ֮˵ʵδһֶʵĶ
ħ廹ǿһЩġ
ħ˶ڴһ飬Ǳħ۰ٵȴϲ֮գ
ħƺҲ׼飬ħĳſڣѾһŵƽʵĸо
ħǳ¾飬ʵҲѾǴħ壡
ֻħrδ˭Ҳ֪ȥʲôط
ο˸Ͳ֪ȥħǳ֮˵˭
δ֮գ
ħ۳Ļʹ֮УҲԳһЩ
ƺħ۰ٵһӰ
Ȼڴʱ
״³ҡýħ֮У
ǵĵһվǽħħħ֮У
״ˡ
ԶһȵӰѾǳ׵˵ĸǰ
rһȺ˽ħ֮Уԭϵĳ˲ʧȡ֮һļ֮ɫ
䣬ô⣿
r˿̿Ŷ֮ˣҲǳʵ
һĨϻǹϵģֻ׿ó֮г˴Ȱ֮ɫ
״ˣҡҵ˵ħʣʮֵİȫ
䣬rΪ谮Ů
ħǵħѾǺܶ˶֪飬¹rһңȻʮֵĵˣ
rħǵĻǶħһξ޴Ĵ
ȷ˱ʣȥ˵ɡ
r䣬Ҳǵ˵ƺ֮ǰûκεӰ졣
״ˣҪҪøʦү
俴rҲɻʵ
ţȥ鷿ţȻˣһɲͣ
r䣬ҲǴһ˿ݾܾζ˵
ͷǵһԵ׺³ҵ˵ʱҲЩֵʵ⼸λǣ
ǱĿˣ
r䣬Ҳǵ˵
״ˣ⡭⼸ôûм
еȷЩ֣Լĸһֱô˵ġ
ʲôɻҲֱ˵
׿䣬Ҳ΢΢һЦҵȵһħûмҲġ
rЩĿһף֪ײԼԼļǰ¶Լ
Ҳͦģû뵽ȻܹΪҸ״˵ϱ
ҲЩɻħǵıʻ֪ô£
˷Լĸ׾ȻһȺл᲻ʲôթ
俴ԼĸɫЩȻҲЩɵ˵
Ǻǣɺ϶ѣҵȰ·˵£֮о
ֿʼˣԽǼ򵥵˵ǣԽţ
״ˣ
俴Լĸף֮һĨ֮ɫ
Լĸ״˿ȥӣҲû̫ĵ֮ɫ
rǱſڿӣҲЦŵǰԿλСֵܵİ
׷ʲô˰״ˡ
ҲӵɻΪ˵ҲֻֻƬѣ
׿䣬΢΢һЦҪ֪ҿҪȻɣħҲǵһĻÿҵħһΣ˳Ҳͽ͡
һ䣿
rûľٶŪЩˣ
ԭҪ׼һԼĶӺԼʦүģϾҲǹϵħ
ܶҪԼļһ㲻
ʱԼǸһ˶һȦǾЩ̫ˣ
²ͬĻǱա
׻Це˵ȥrҲǱȽϵء
ֻ俴ǷǳıŤҪ֪Լ׵ľˣҲôԼĸ˵ɣ
ο֮оȻһ˿в֮⣡
СǱľˣ䰡ҪȻֹȥһΣҲǴһ֮갡
rٲԸ⣬Ҳ֪вͨˣ
ʵ֮вûκεĲ⣬ܹԼŮʲô𻨳Ļǻһ飡
״ˣҡҸйŮħϣǻ˸
ǽһưԼ״˵˼ƺнԼǰһĿ԰
һҲ˵żԼĸ׶ѣ
ѲɾҪ֦ͷ˲ɣ
俴Լ׵ʱѾЦеĳ˹ȥ




3058俤
 

ħ⣡
һԹĴ˳³ҺΪݱȽ⣬Աħ
׵һħɽʵҲǳ˺ģ
Ҫ֪ҲûȥʹһϷ½ⱱ½Ҳǵһǰ
ԣ˵ԼбҪ˽һħķ飡
֮ǰħǣҪΪĻԭǴħһħ׳ɽ
ֻһΪ̫ɺϣ׶ħҲϾͣ
һεħôҲúúÿħ嵽ôģ
ǵһħҿҲħ֮ˣӦħİɣ
俴ףҲüʵ
Ǻǣĳȷǵһħħ֮ħƺҪһЩ
׿䣬ҲЦŵ
ȻħϾǵ۶ħȻħĵڶУħĵһԶħǿ϶ģ
俴ףҲǵ
׿䣬һֵħƺħĲҵɣô˵ǲЩ㸸ײ
ûе£ҵȽʥ֮ħʥħ֮۵ĵطҵܹµģħʥϻʶƵȻҲħһˣ
һǴСȨϴԵˣ˵µʱ򣬾Ȼһ˿ĳ羴֮飡
΢΢һ̾С֪ԼĸѾѱħۣĻ֪ʱһʲôıأ
ðɣȻ˵Ļ뿤ĳ棡
׿䣬ҲЦŹֵ
ʵԼҲһֱħϾħ壬Ҫһֱħȷô£
ǸŮһλŮԼ䣬׸оҲһ泩
û˵ħȻħȣһЩࡣǲҲûôĴ󣬸οħǾۼ˸ʵĳЩ֮ħʵҲڲͬĵطġ
ô˵ħҲûʲô
ҲƵ˵ĻоħЩһǴĸо
һ׾ȻħҲЩ˵ȻˣⶼǱѣʵħһЩĵطģֻ
Щ̫ðɣ׿Ҳǵ˵
¶һ˿ζЦݵǵطҲѰܹ֮ȥģԱ㻹ǲҪȥĺãܵʲô
µıǴˣ׿䣬ҲľһЩƵĿ
ǿԼ˵İ俴ףһﷴһ㣡
ʵϣ
κһطһȦӣ
ˣħʵҲˣ
ħ֮ˣħϲ׼˵ǵʵҲǹĵģ
ټ˽¶֮ˣǾԵ֯һЩۻᣡ
Щۻʵ˲μӵģΪ˵ľۻһ㲻̫˵ע⣡
ʵϣʵЩ˵ıŵʲôҲĺܣ
ħԶɣЩسʲô̫
Щ˵Ľħƺһݣħ֮ľۻҲԽԽ࣡
гˣȻҲ˳֯ˣ
Ȼ˵ģĳһһĭһڶˣһ㿤˴ɷģ
׿䣬ҲЦŵ
ٺ٣Ȼ˵ĻǱʹɣɱҸ״˵ľˣȻʲôȥҸ״˵ĸǰ߰ɣ
Ҫȥʲôɽ𣿻ߣ
׻Щмĸ߶ȿ˾͸Сһ㣡
ΪʵЩĵĻøء
棬ȴˣ
˵ıѾ˵ˣʣµԼɣʱ˿ʲôģǿɲҪֱ
һٶ׵ĸǰǿΪԼ״˵ľˣ
ĻҪô
Ϊ֮ǰҲóԼĸ׶ֵƺЩϲ
һһԼδķʲôģĲ̫ˣ
һҲЩˬҲҪ׽Ūһһ
˵Ҷȥˣװ뿪Ц˵˾ЩаԽһԽ͡
ãǱʹȥʶɣ
俴׵ӣҲǴһ˿Ц
׿ı飬Ҳûʲô
ҸӶѣҲ˳㿴ħķ鵽Σ
˲УǴ׵һʹƺǺԶһΪݻĸۡ
̧ͷȥȻдš׸ĸ֣




3059˵ĵط
 

׸
׿֣û뵽ħҲͦװƵģ
֮ǰΪħ˶ͦʵڵģû뵽κνײ㵽˶ʱǶŷİԼֿ
Ҳƽʱ۾ۻĵطֹӲҪɣħһ˾׸ǰˣ
俴ףҲǵ˵
Ϊʲô
׻ЩƵʵ
䵭˵׸治ħʽȨ󣬸ħλŮڴˣĸ˲벩һЦ˵㲻롭
û֮˽֮ŮĻȻԸģ
׵Ļ˵Ĺֱףԭ仹ΪһҪװһװ
һԼĸǰӦװһװɣ
ϾԼҲħպĳŮ֮һ۾ӦҲϹɣ
ǻͻ׶ħŮû̫ĸо
ΪһǶͷ֮ϵĵֻ۾ɣ֮ǰˮǿһӣ

Ϊ̫Ӱɣ
Ļôһħ֮˾أ
ʵ˵һλ͵ĹŵԼŮӣĻò޿޵ģ
ɾΪͷϵɫͫף׿ŸоЩ̫þѣ
俴׵ӣҲû˵˵˺ɫҲⰡ
ΪʲôҪ⣿׿䣬ҲЦŷʵ
ߣڽȥ֮ǰһЩҪأ俴ףҲǳ
ʲô£Īħǵ飿Цʵ
ͷħǵ飬Ҹ״Ϊʲôˣħǵ׷ʲô
ҪȻǳ˵ɣ˵˲ɨ
׿䣬Ҳʼ
ȭͷ˵˵ԼҸ״˵ľӣŲűһǧַʧħ
忤Ӧòֶ֮˰ɣ
׿䣬Ҳ΢΢һЦϿȥûκεĵ֮ɫ
俴ЩӣҲû˵ֵģ㵽˵ǲ˵
ĳ˵˵ĺɨˡε̾һȻǿ֪Ļĳ˵ˡ
Ȼˣ㻹Ͻ˵˵׷ʲô飿
֮ǰװ죬һӻû֮Ҳӵɻ
ܽʵһ仰ħǳڵĸֳħˣˣ
׿䣬Ҳǵ˵·˵һ޹ʹһ㣡
Ƕ˿ɫѾǳ׵ıˣ
֮г˿־ģ俴ףЩ޴׵ּʵ㡭˵һ顭
Ѿ˲ֻ˽ܲʵѣղĳѾ˵ˣ˵ȷЩɨˡ
׿䣬ҲĨһ˿Σ
ˣħǿӵħλϺͰСհλİôأοͳʥǿߣܣԲܣ
һ̸о׻һ㣬ȻԭΪħƺǰδеش
ЩǿɶԼļҵӰ
ûЩ˻Ļħԭħ
Ȼħͷǳͷȴ׸ħ޾ɱ֮
ʵ֮ǰһʱħ۶ħЩ
ԼĸʧȥôĻĻôĵλ½һǧɣ
ʱħۻҪȡ֮ǿ϶練Ƶ飡
ȫˣղ˵Щһ©
ƺǻϽһ㣬εֵ̯̯
áðɡ
ЩʧǵĿףһ׸鶼ûˣ
ãҪڰ
Ȼڴʱһ׺Ķ
һɫӰѾӳ׺ǰ
㡭㾹Ȼ͵˵
俴ŴӺ߳ǼˣָվǰǸɫȹŮŭ
ٺ٣ħǿԺҪħˡ˭˵䣬ҲԽԽûгϢ˰ȻһĻɫ׸Īħû˲ɣ
䣬ѿڶĻԵôļ̱
㲻Ҫ
俴Ӧݹϵġ
Ҵ˵ĹϵӦǴżҵľϵ
˵ˣ˵ĵط
׿һԵ˰ɣȻû飬Ǿͻȥɡ
Ҳ׸˵꣬һȺ˵ߡ
쵰俴ȥıӰһҧгݶ׵Ҳȥ




3060Ƶ忤
 

׸⣡
ӿȥʮֵķŭƺǰŮûκεİ취
֮⣬ֻܹĿŮ뿪ſڽ˾׸
˭
׺䲢Уƺ֮ǰŮӵ˵ûκεķӦ
ħħŮ
俴ףҲǻָ֮ǰƽֻ˵Ů˵ʱ֮еһĨм֮ɫԱģ
ЦŵȥЩԸ
һѾղ˵Ķ𣿡
ƺֻһʱ嶯ĵıħİΣ
ǰֵļһ˵ħҪٲˣ
ħҵδֹͣħȻħĶǵħҲǳصģ
Ҫ֪ħħ֮ΪڶѽΣһֱʮ꣡
ֻǵħħȣԴʵĶûа취ȣ
ħӵħڶħǣԴʵ̫Ӵ
ɵħһֱûзᣬΪ֪ħʵԽħ۶ļɵҲԽ
׿ͷģһԸ㸸ȥ֤
ħҪߵͷˣ
俴ףû̾һ
ʧ֪ǸħһҲ˵أ
׿䣬ҲЦŵ
ֻ֪˵ʲô˼
ΪǵľԼ׺İΣ
ҡҡͷЩ㲻ħ֮˸ᶮģҸѾħ۵ждֻ̣ħҲǼɵҸ׵ʵҪӲƴѡ
ħʵħӦûֵ֮ɣǽ컹ȥ𣿡
׿䣬һε¶Цݡ
㻹ǲǸˣ˵㲻ҽȥҪǱȥԺ󲻵ñ˸Ц
ҲһΪҪӵˣ˵ײȥʵ˵ġ
ĿֻһǾǺԼ
ټո˵ħľ䣬׸˶Ѿ֪ˣ
ףħľζʲô
Ҫ֪׸ǶǸɽֹĸоǱ֪Լıʣ
ôҲ֪ԼҪЩ۵ĺܶ䳰ȷˣ
ħ飬Щܹ׸Ȼǿװס
ħʧƣǰ϶ˣ
׿ΪӣҲݸһЦνģֻ鲻ô
ңõúܣûκܹѵģ
䶷־ĿŶףԸһֱǷǳҪǿġ
ħ˾䣬Բᶪӵģ
ȻҲ֪һ״ȥʱָҪʲô۶ء
ħǸħЩ˾֪ħʲôǸԼŸ
Ȼ״̬ĳſһɣĳҲҪνħȨ󵽵Ǹʲôӡ
׿䣬ʼձһĨЦݣ
ֻ˿˼ȥףһ治Ҫȥ׸һȴѾ²̨ˡ
ȻԸ鵽زѾɲȴˣ
һȥԺʲôҲҪ˵ʲôҲҪˡʱ򿴱ɫ¡
ʲô˼
׿䣬ҲЦʵ
ߣˣѾǾˣʱҪʲôˣǿɲҪֱû㰡
ⲻпĳܲӶɣ
Ƿģһıƣ
ڵȴû׿Ц
俴һȻҪĻҲûа취ˡ
ħûʣû˸ҵ
ɽǲͬգħľ䣬һӰ
֪ǰЩԼӵˣδػˡ
䵣ĵĻˣǸղŽȥ
߰ɣǸգԭǲģƫƫҪҴȥʶʶҡ
һƣҲ֪ħıʼڴ
õĽ϶Ҳ˾֪飡
ⲻһ⣬Ҳʲô
ֻڿһﻢͷԵӣܸоʲôҪ
׺˫˫̤˾׸Ժ֮С
ֻǵ̤Ժһ̣ĿѾǾۼ˵ϡ




3061޳֮ͽ
 

˵ħħǵİСպħֶ˰
ħһֱʢˣû뵽Ҳн죡
ӿħԺҪħİͼʧ˰
֪ħǵ׻ǲħأ
ո̤׸Ժ֮У
һ̶Ľ̸Ҫ֪ԭʱһЦӭ
أ
Ψֱ֮һ㣬Щ˿ڶĿ⣡
һЩ䱰ϥ֮ˣ˿ҲǱ˵ħŮߣ
գΪħ۰ٵʼ
Ҳûдٴ죬ֻھ׸һЩϵˣ
䲢ı⣬ֻΪħͷҲǲò䣡
ֻ𣿵Ȼˣ泩˲٣
һֱŮѹţǵõһĺϢ
һħʧƣȻ֪ζʲô
½ܳһʱڣħͻΪħŵĴˣ
˵Ŀ⣬׳һԵһλԹԵĸ׳Ŷ
˲Ѻð
׿䣬ҲǵȻһЦ
ҡҡͷûָǻѺãЩ˲һЩǽͷݶѣﴵǾﵹ
˵ǲֵý׵ͷ
̾һΪԸǽ𣿲ί߶ѣϾĹϵҪģ
ҵЩ֣һŮΪʲôᱻħɳ˽أƵʵ
ǣЩʱŮӱ֮кӸƲ𣿡
ЦһȻⲢԸģ
俤òƺһЩأ
׽̸֮ʣһλΪ˧Ѿߵߣ
ң
ħѧԺ֮һҲħһȽȽǡ
ᣬѾǴﵽɵڵʵħѧԺҲǵ
ֻңڵؼħ岻һ壡
ؼܹңôһλţǾð̵ˣ
ң־Զ֪ƾԼʵҪڶʱؼң϶û̫Ļģ
ԣĿħЩδŮϣ
׸
طħǳħѧԺĺܶҲƵĳ׸
ΪħѧԺڶĳţңͨԼķ׸
ţǳţﶼܻӭģ
ΪǲǱҲǴδ
ħ˿ԤǣλΪңĳţԺȻΪħ峬ǿ֮һ
ɵڵʵҲѾ൱Ŀֲˣ
ŮӢۣ
بŲһħȻҲǲ⣡
ʵϣھ׸ܶ˶֪ң׷䣡
䲻һλŮħĿݲң׷Ҫԭ
ΪһħǵھǿһŴ
ֻҪ׷֮Ůôף
ң׷ʱ䣬׸˾֪顣
һֱǲ䲻ȵģһֱƺһЩɶļ
䲢ǲϲǰߴ˧ĳţǴӳ໹ǴǱǴʵ˵ңʺϵİˣ
ңĳЩԥ
ҪԼĸͬԼңĽĻԽ׳ذ벽
䲢δң˵ԼĸѾӦ֮Ľ
Ȼ֪ԼĸʵϿصңǱ
ҪǿһңһﵽϲԼǿħʵ
ѧҲڣ
俴ңɫ΢
룬ĳҲأ
ңһʲô򵥵һѾǸܵı仯
ֻû뵽Ȼһجģ
ħ䣡
ңȥЩʧǣһֱֵһ̣Ż
ңϢ˱ǵħŮ
ϲԼ
ңֻ֪ܲǳ໹ǱħĵλܹᲢۣ
Ҳ֪֮źܴìܣ
俴һң˵ǰݺݵģǴһ˿ײţҪȻѧһģȾۻҲĵĺܣ
ѧ
ң֮ʣңûзӦѾһϤ
ѧ˵ôܹ̫ʰɣ
俴Ҳ֪ϲң
˿̣ԽԽŮʲôҪԼ
һ䣬ٺһЦѧղƺѾӦ뱾һİɣ
ңɫΪΣ˿һԵЩǸȻ˵俤ĳղŵȷӦˡ
ˣ
û뵽ңȻ˵ۣһӸоʮֵĶģ
һƺֱ




3062
 

׸Ժ
֮ƺһ˿ɫʣԭңһֱɢȥ

һƺڵѪһ㣡
Ҫ֪ңϲʵҲʮֵϲң
ϲ˧ϲϲһС
˵ЩΪԼݣӦ͸ңһˣ
ħҲûмŮֵܹסң
һֱΪԼңôҲû뵽ңеĲԼ
ʹ
δ˵һ̸оңȥıӰĳһ˿ɱ
һԿŶЩԾѣ
һˣôܹ˵ľ
ʵóңϲģȻţѾǳ
׾ã˼ٲҪҲܵ˵ֱӷˮɣ
ƫƫˣ
ħոʧƣѾԤδȻֱתͶ˵Ļ֮У
ţ
׿ңȥıӰҲǲסҡҡͷĵһοܹʵ˵ĵز
ߣ
оԼҪڴߵĻԼܹ
һʱʵҪ׼ʶʶ
׼ʶһӶѣһʱûмңˣһʵҪңڲڣ
ʵĸһȭ
ҪߣǸ˿𣿡׵˵
ǡܱ߶˵Ҫǿɣ˶ƭӣƭӣ
俴ףһŭЩ޴й˿Ѿдתˣ
Ƶ˵Ҫһ˵˶ѲĸҲƭӲɣ
㡭㵽վһߵģ
䱻ҲЩ촽û뵽ʱһȻϽͣ
׿Ҫô룬ͨ㿴һǸ𣿱ĲһѲһõҲö˲ɣ
ס侪㵵ĿһףȻһ˵ĻЩ
Ҫкأһѣ
׿ЦŵǲǾ˵ĺеҪ˵ʱӦô󷽷Ĵߣ紵ԿȻ
㡭컹ܺˣ
ƺЩ⿪ĽĸоȻ¶һ˿ײЦݣ
׿ԽʱԽܹһ˵ľҪߵĸԶҪ㹻ľȥӦκε飡
˺ˣ˵ĺһ
׵˵̣Ҳû˵
˿̣
׸Ĵ֮Уܶ˵Ŀⶼңϣ
һӯ֮裬վ˵룬ɵĹâ
ӣңҲ¶һ˿˵Цݣ
һˣ
һңֱۣ˿ȥ֮һ㣡
̼
Ҫˣ
Ǹõһ㣡
峤
ң˿ϹЦݣƺҲǺĿĹâ
ŶһŻӹֵ
λ峤ֹ̬֮дһ˿ȻϣңҲǹֵѧкηԸ
ǣ峤ˣգĳֻҪ˻һԼ⣡
ңλ峤һεЦ
ѧҪеˣ
峤ħպĳбе峤
ħλԺգǻ֮˶ҲԱȽϵĿ
˷ǰҲܵ룡
£һǲʸȨΪҸȵ

ʵⶫʲô̫ãһõõŮϲ
ʵԶ
ңȻû˵ʲôģҪĻǵֱԼİˣ
޳֮ͽ
ң޳ܵģҲһĲм
ǽҪˣı֮лǹһ˿΢Ц
峤ȻĳĻ׳氡ĳδڣ峤Ѿ֪ĳҪʲôˣĳ
ңһڣԶɫѾѿ˼ˣ
Ȼû뵽ң˵ĶģȻһַԼ
ֻҪ嶯վңƢѾǱ׸õҪŵ£οô֪ᷢʲôأ
Զ
ҲޱĿңѧȻҪұûвĵգĳҲóˣ۸ߵá




3063µ׼ǧ
 

۸ߵã
£һˣ
ȻǱеٶңıҲǲС
οлҪ
ȻҪ
Եħ֮ŮǱԼһ硣
һ˵ĻѾóΪˡ
ɽȴó
ȻҲ֪ңĿۣһҲΣ
ҪˣǱоԲ׸ƵСˡ
ħȻ˾޴ıʣħӴһɳ졣
أ
ǱоǱУκһ
Ҳǵ֮ҲΪ֮ȴһֱûħ۲¼ɵԭɣ
۸ߵã
ۿһԵĽŭ
˵ĵħѾȡħ֮ơ
û뵽ȻĲԼӣȻɫˣ
˵գȻ׼һݱֻ䣬ĳҲǲܹ
ߣ峤óǸӰ
䳰ȷ˵һˡ
ȴûдֻǵĻӦѧϲĳѧһὫ͸Ϊպģ
Ŷң֮дŵҲһ˿Ĳм
ʵϣ
ȳħҲǼΪܻӭħ͵ħȳҪⱱ
ɽǱıж֪һʱǱиʱ
ħôǿǿأ
ԣǽϲĳλҲĽϵģ
ңɫΪΣȳ̬ٳӣʵܲ
ħʧ֮ͻȻ֮͵תͷ
ʵЩݣ
ңһҰļˣϲ䣬ǰջѡ棡
Ϊ֪ħһʧƣʱħȡ֮Ѿǰ϶ˣ
׷
ˣأ
ħѾˣȻڻû군ѾǿԤˣ
ʱңԼһеĻʱ³κ˶ҪͲң
˭ؼһǴأ
ңĿǾǽؼҽΪħ峬һļ塣
Ҳ֪ƾԼŬǾԲܵģ
еǴºóǲĻҲ˵޳ˣ
峤㿪׼۰ɣ
ңԼΣοһʵҲǱģ
Ȼ֪ô޳ܣԼҲҰοΪԼпԭģ
Ҫ䣬һңھ׸ô֪ܲ
֪һ̬Գɹշ
ңҲ¶һ˿Цݵѧ䣬һղŽĳѾ˵ˡ۸ҲǷǳĲơ
峤ڲƵļ۸ҲӦһ׼۰ɣ
ڸոգңѾǵõİʾ
Ҫõ
Ҫ֪ңʵҪóôʯᣬǼǲܵ飡
ңȻţؼҲһѣ
ңڻĵȷǲֻܹóƷʯѾǼˣ
ûб֧֣Ҳôе
ոһ֮ʱҲƮ˱еĽ飡
ң˼磬ô֪뷨أ
ʱһҪƴԼУõ
֪ܲңۣ
һҲͿ˵֧ңĻң˿̵ʮ㣡
ң˵ǲԼຮ֮صļɽɽۡժѶȿ֪գǽĳԵʱչΪһ׼Σ
л峤
ңŽҲǹֵ
չΪ׼ۣⱱеȷ御ˡ
˼ҼӼۣʵҲ޿ɺǵġ

ֲͶƾʲô˼Ҹأ
ȻһԵɫÿƺҲĬ˽
һôĲ飬׸ƣ
Ϊص㣬һЩͬѰأ
Ҳ֪ħʵҪñеͷЩѶȣ
Цŵлѧ˵Ļǽĳ˵һ׼۰ɡǧƷʯ۸Ҳұеʱչۡ




3064
 

ǧƷʯ
ǽĵ׼ۣ
ʵ뽫óҲ֪δħĶǲǵѡ
жħܷδ֪
ħӴһ겻񣬿Ҳ֪һֿԣǱħٶ
ϾħûǱǻϣ
Ҫ֪ħʵٶҲǺ飡
ɵħȡħƺڵľҲ˳µ顣
ԥһеѡ
ǾóȻ
Ȼ˵ȴĲݣ
ǧƷʯ۸ڵħҲǿԽܵĲ
ó˵׼ۣǵʱħҲ˵ǲ
ǧƷʯ
ң۸ʱҲ̲סһĭ
ǧƷʯǵ൱ؼеʲ
һ뵽ߣңҲǰԷģһҪΪħ˾֮ˣ
һ˵ţȻʯţⲻķ
ħԭƶǧƷʯڶ½ֵһᣬħȴһȻ
һԵȴ˵ǧƷʯ۸ͦģ
仰˵ģ˵ңģ
ңԺӦ֪ôˣ
Ȼ
ңһĻҲ΢΢һЦȻ˵ĻĳǧƷʯ
ʵҲûָܹ
ħˣ
ħҲһ˶ѣ
ܻˣ֪䲢ˣ
ˣǽǣû˸Ҹħʸ
ѧǧƷʯ˳𣿡
ɨһȦһԵ˶ЦǺǵҡҡͷ
ȻҲң޳ܣ˼忤ȴУ
ңȻһó֮ˣû뵽ħո˥ܣһﾹȻҵĿɽ
ܶ˲òңıˣ
ңҪȥֺҪǳĻǲǴ忤
ֳֺõ飬˭˭ɵӣ
һʱ䣡
ܶ˵ĿⶼϣΪìͷʵָ˶䣡
˿̣
ɫҲѿ˼㣬Ĵ
û뵽ңһԼ˵ѿ
֪ĻӦɱһ
ֺݻ˵ڵĻҲ˵˵ѣնɱĻû
ңһĶˣҲǴʹĻ䣡
ңһĵĿӣڵѪ

νȥԼ˿һεĸо
ʡŭΡ
һ伸һĸо
ǿ׸֮ô˶Լָָ㣬޲һطȥ
һԵ׸ԼһЩĵĻʧˣ
ǧƷʯһΡ
ĿҲϣ˿һЩͬ飡
ħǧҲħΪ谮СŮ
û뵽Ȼһ䵽˵أκ˶û뵽飡
Ҫ֪ħ˥ܣǽ켴գǿҲˣ
һߣ
俴һԵףɫʮֵѿ
֪ڴȥĻԼ¶ûˡ
俴ף߰ɣʵڲڴˡǸҾͶģ
忤Ҿڸһʹ
׿䣬һᶨ
䲢֪Ҫʲô⻰һҲЩסˡ
ңҲʱʱƮߣۿһ£
ƺܲ˵˵ʹԱһﻹʲô˵Ҫôġ
Ըһʶű޳ܵˣҪȥϡأ
һЩ̲סˡ
ϡϡΣѧѾϲˣϲң𣿸ʲôʸ񣿡
Դ˵ħı֮ҲǼ֣
ʵ֮ǰѾ˵ˣֻȷˣ
㡭
ָָЩ΢΢һʱЩ˵
ǧƷʯ
䲻֪ʱ׵Ķһʱ׸ž




3065·񱨼۵
 

ǧƷʯ
ں׵£Ȼˣ
ⲻ޴룬һԵңԱߵĽ˶סˣ
Ҫ֪ħįѾעˣ
ڻһ֪֮ĻӦòڸԿˣ
ΪԿ³ǱǼħѪԣ
ʱħҪգ¶ˣ
ѲɲȻ׵ģ
׸ħǱʵһ֪ħѾҪˣ
͵ˣ
֪Ψһİ취ǵ͵ˣ
ħۻŹħһĻʱ޷ճˣ
Լסˣȴû뵽һԵû̵ס
ױ˼۸ҲڵһûзӦ
λӳǧƷʯ
¶һ˿ȰЦݣٴһѾ׬ˣ
оĵǣìתˣ
Ѿһ߶ѣʵѾݱħ͵ħ֮ľˣ
ףҲЦһߣ㻹Ļ鷳ħĹеõģ
׵˵Ҹһ£²ħ֮ˣΣȻ˭Բ벻˵һЩҲ
ھ׸ô˵ˣ㻹ǵһ
ŭЦû뵽ʱһﻹô಻壡
ħѾ군ˣ
һȻԼĹϵԼ߽
Ҫˣ
俴ȺӣһʱҲЩ
ô˵Ҳǵ
˵һĸħûжĹϵֻѲɲ֪ħ
Ѳ֪ǰŮǵħǧ
֪һж֪
ΪʲôҪô䲢δ˵ûлͷ
ȻѾվˣʱþҲýȥ
һߣ
ңҲŭգʵҪõϣ۶ӵһ
ϣһۻһ
ʱƣǰ˾ϰԼһˣ
ǽǱ䣬תͶĻУԼѲɲ֪Լжô޳
û뵽ǣ˵ʱ̣ȻһΪ򱧲ƽ
ңϲģ˿ҲǼʮ㣡
׾ȻôĻ䣬һ˵֪ԼĻˣ
ңһСӣǲǣ
λǵìԼʱ䣬λܹұһЩأ
׺ңȻҲ׵ͣ
ûôʱȥ˳ӣ
ھҪĽȥȻˡ
ǷǷǣ
ֻҪ뵽ЩǷ֮УʱҲѶ
֪˻δʧȥ֮ǰӲ
ңŽͷȻ峤˵ˣĳȻҪ峤һӡǧƷʯ
һƷʯ
Ƶᣬ·˵ľһֶѣ
һƷʯȴһŮ˵ĻЦ
ħΪһ飡
ʵϣ
ļֵʵҲǧƷʯңۣһһǧǧѾǶˣ
ôҲû뵽ǸֵһڱһƷʯ
ȼ֮ˣ˿ҲǲòֵĿŶף
쵰
ңŭһ޲ֱӳնɱ˶ļһ
ҲĻúõһվۻᣬԼߵ˸Ǽɹ
һиҲȫһ
ѾԳŽһһǧƷʯ
ҪҪƤ
ڷЩﻢ£ǽòǾһЦЦ
˸ȥ⡭λĪǷ˰ɣ
һڶƷʯ⻹ûнһֵ˰
ǸֵСӿ군ˣȻҸңѧԿôҲ֪
ĵľ۸񵽵׶٣
Χ˷һľ֮̾Ҳоʮֵķ
˿ɫҲЩҰף
ħʵȻƹħǣɿҲʮֵľ޴
οħǾ󲿷ֵ˰նҪħ۵ģοħѾ˥ˣ
һﻹǸ⿪۰
ڣ
׼ֹ׼ʱѾһ˵֣
Ʒʯ
Ȼѿڶ֣ȴѹһ˵ȼ޷ˣ




3066¶ȡ
 

׸
һ̶ˣ
һ֧۸Ȼﵽ˺ŵƷʯ
ɵӣҲļ۸ɣ
ңȱۣҲǻһ£
ǰһﵽǴʲôطðģ
ʵϣ
ңǶǱȼ۸Щ߻صĸо
˿̣ңоԹһ˵죡
Ʒʯң˵ֱ֣
м۵ûˣ
ıۣˣ
ңף֮г޵ļʡ
Ϊʲô
Ϊʲôƫƫʱħ˱ʣΪʲôƫƫʱһվͷ
ΪʲôԼһεı˽£
һ˲䣡
ңоԼ̬Ѿǳ׵ʧˣɱڵס˶汨۵ף
ԼİŮˣòó
ԼҪʸȨ룬ƺҲޱȣ
Լ˶ⶣԼʱ
һֵܹ˭أ
ȥĻõֻ࣬ûм֡
˵ţȴѡ߽ݾעûκεĺ³
ңԱߣɫѾǸûκεˡ
ողŽңŪԼߣ⻹ûеĴ̼ʱȴһε˱֮У
Ʒʯ
ǻ𣬿Ĳֵã
Ҫ֪ңûǮνҪңԼ
˳ҲΪ˴̼һ䣡
أﻢ£
ڱҲǣҲǣ
㡭֪˭ߣħôԿˣûлŵģ
ѵʱһεķӳ˲Ҫı£
в
ʵǳĵۣѾܻЩ伫ˣ
һҲǿ׵ֹӣûκεĹϵħĿˣǻ˰ɣ
Ʒʯ俴Ҳһˣ
ħǷǳǮأ
Ҳ֪Լĸ׵жٵʯ
ԼԵʯҲֻңοʲôʱ
ڿħΪѵʱ򣬴ý㣬ôĺһǮأ
ôԵĻôֻӿħĲ
׿䵭˵Ȼ俤Ҳ֪ĳħˣĳ£ƺ俤ûʲôϵɣĳҲǵһμȻҲȤģ
׶˵Ĳһ֮Ĺϵ
ĿǰΨһԿ϶ֵĿ϶ħˡ
ħˣСӾԲܸô˵
Ҫ֪˵ҲħĿ
ħ
ħ֮˵Ϊص飬ҲΪʲôƶԼ뷨һԭ
Ҳʵ׵ȷħˣ
ʵԭ׸ҲûҪôΪ˳ԶĿǣ
ϣûԵ޹ʵİҲûԵ޹ʵĺޣ
ôĿģʵϾΪrħ˿ǣҲΪģ
ϾԼڼɽӵһЩпһ£
Ϊ׵ļ˻кܶԼѣһʱҲǺѷ磡
俴׵ӣҲҡҡͷֹӣǲͬգȻͼһʱʹ죬Ӧ֪˵ֶΣʱȥȥǸ⡭
ǣûôĿţ
׿һ䣬Ѿתͷңķ˹ȥ
̬ǿӲ
׵֮ѾǸܵһĨǿӲ̬ȣ
Ȼʶʱ̣ܶһţһ㣬ͷ
һ̾ϢһжģʱԼĸ׹ԼҲֻܹʵ˵ˣ
˵ʵʵͦϣһܹվһأ
Сӣڹü򡭡
һڤ粻飬һԵ䶼Ȱ費ˣҲŭ
׿˵ĳȻߣ
ԿҲǻָ֮ǰƽֻ֮еɱŨ
׿һԵĽ峤ǰɣû˳۵ĻӦÿ˰ɣ
ֹ֡㲻ڿһ£
ҲǱ׵۷ˣԼҲ㡣
治֪ǰ֮˵Ǵʲôطðģ
ÿˣҪˣ׵ȻһЦ
ɡɻ˳ۣһȦʵҪǿһԵң
ңһ
ҲǳĳֹС




3067ңļ֮
 

أ
׸֮ڣҲһ̾Ϣ֮
۴ǷħˣƷʯһпõ

ħһŵһ㣡
ײ֪ʲôõ֮Ҳֱӵݸ㣡
ң
һЩȦˣ峺һʱҲ֪Ӧôźˣ
ߣһҲҪ䣬Ҳ䵽ĵزˣ
ЩѵĿǰף֮г˼֮ģ
ʲô취أ
ڵ˵Ӽȥʱ¶Ҫŭˣ
ϾʲôôĶȻһ̶϶ԼһЩҲʮֵޣ
һԵңζҪըˣ
͵ʴף
ԭΪħѾѾû뵽˻ôŰ裡
Ļֱ׸
Ȼɫ΢죬һ̣оǰ˲ˣ
ηǿȨգ
ʲôأοԼ׵Ѳ
ӹ¶һ˿˵Цݵлл㣡
ݸһЦлͲˣеǧ𲩺һЦĳôʵҪľǲϣЩ֮ôĳ죡
㡭˵˭أ
ңЩܲˣóָɣ
ڵոܵ˾޴Ĵ̼һʱỹƽ
ټԴǣңһӾͱQ˳
һԵҲһߣھ׸Ҹôˣ㻹ǸоԼ˰
䲻𣿡
Ҳһ̼˵ĸ֣򵥵ļֱ֣ӵǽì˸߳
һǲǷ˰Ȼھ׸
ӦԼħ˳ɣ
ħ˳ΣħѾûϷˣ
ھͿôˣħոʣħûʲôĻûָˣ
һʱ䣡
׸֮ڵ˶Ƕң˹ȥ
˿̵˵ۣ·Ǳ˲βһ㣡
ԭǴ䣬ڵħĻᣬȻҪڽ£
ɽԼˣ׼һһ
û뵽ĽȻģʱѾЩʧȥˣ
׵ĻҲЦһ䲻𣿺ߣ㻹ӮͳԱҲµʲô

䣬Ӿ׸һ˼λħǿߣ
⼸˿ȥӦǱ֮ˣ
ңһԵԸµĳǰ˽Ұɣð˿ǱĳԸ濤
ã
ңǰҲǺԥ˵
˵ʵңҪܹնɱˣǱò飡
ĲֱӸħˣ
Ȼħͻ䣬黹ûôʲ
ңֲǵħˣǸûκεĹϵ
ʱҲõѡ񣬸οңһ׷ߣ
ŸɣǼֱ̫òˡ
ңҶħĿˣôĵӣ
˵ңһ˿ľĻ͸һ̣ѾǶң׵ķˣ
ο񲢷ĳ֮ìܣ
ʵӳħħ֮
ңǷǷǣѾǱ޳ͷˣ
ңĿһ䡭
Ҳе𣿡ŭһ
ңӦҲ֪ʲôݣðǱð˵ħ
ߣڵ۳֮еκְʲôȨжħ˵˭ôĵӣ
ЦһĿɳƺֻһ˲ѣ
˵ѧԻеħ֮˳ƽţ俤ȥЩˣȷȥϢɡ
ಣ
һ˲䣬ѾǶλǿߣ
һֱ׸˲ûҩζʮ㣡
ԭЩֵˣһҲһɢ㳡ķɱȥ
֮һҪ˺ô
ƺһ˷֮飡
ɫһ䣬δ˵ңѾǺب˵м䡣
˿̿ףҲĨһ˿̵Цݡ




3068߼ͫ
 

˿̣
ң˸޾ĺâҪ˵˵ˣǿ¾ˣ
һǽͷݣջǱ˸ڵĦ
飬ҲֻңԼܹˡ
ңףѾס׳ȥ·
ҪȥæѾǱָסȻûж֣
ôǲκεĻᣡ
ͣ
ŭһңǺôĵӡҸ״˵Ŀˡ
Ŷħѱ˲һ˶ѣأ
ʲô˵ħѾˣ
οǵħʲôʱ¹ħˣ
ħΪʢʱڣħǸҸħ˶Ÿɣ
ħѾʲôˣ
Ҹ״˻û䵽Щ۸ķݡĶ֣Ǿʥϸǰˣ
Ѿûκεİ취ˣֻ̧ܹħ۳
Ϊῴħ۵ķϣ׸ɱˣ
ʥϣǵ˽֮ΣеĶֱȥ״ɣοǴ˵˱
һҧ׵ڳ֮ʵҲ֪ô£
ǽƣ
ħѾձɽĸоôðΣȥħأ
ķˣֻҪܹһЩƵˣǾȻģ
Ҫǰ漸˵ƾôҲ޼£
ʵ
ʱһθоʵҪԣ
Լʵܹﵽʥôܻᱻأ
?ʵſɻʾĺڣɻʾ۷嶼㲻ϣ
ǰ֮һɵۼǿߣֻҪվŲ岻ȥ
ڵģһڵģ
俴ףҲǼᶼˣ
һԵףǿһĿħڧ
ΪԼᣬҲǳݸһЦûµģ
ʲôû£㡭ʵǵĶ֣
伱˵Щˣ׻ôĵȻ
ˣ
оһǲķˣĻʱôЦóأ
׿ЦŵϲǽͨĻôûа취ˣ
ѧȭͷһｲɣ
׵ʱ˵Ű裬Ҳһ
ңѾǰͲסˣһֱڸ˵Ϳʼˣ
ĻҲһŭ𣡣
ˣ
׸Ĺ㳡֮ϣ
һҫ۵Ĺâռ·һâһ㣡
֣ͫ
ȴһȷЩͬΪһͫȻ֮һ֮ҪӵһЩ
߼ͫ
ңԱߣͬʱ
Ҫ֪νͫҲŵȼģνĵȼʵϾǴһ˵Ǳ
ͫȼһΪһż
Ѱ֮˶һ֮ǻ츳Ƚϲ˴Ҳļң
ܹﵽ弶֮ˣ˵ѾǷǳˣħӦҲǿŵϺŵ֣
ǴﵽǱĳŵĴڣ
ȻͫΪżɴ֮оżƺֻǳֹһΡ
˼Ȼ֮żҲһЩɾ˵ҲٴΣ
Ҳ˵ħ嫵ʷ֮У˼ϵͫҲ˶ѣ
߼
һԵþܿɹˣ
׶ħͫĲǺ˽⣬ͷϵνͫʵҲһðƻѣ
Ȼ߼֮ǰң˵Լ𣿡
ǰѾ˲õˣ߼ʵǿƿֲ
һεħǼ񵽱˰߼ǼԤһʥǿߵϯλˣ
ǰʥƺҲ߼ͫҲǰ˼߼ķǳĿֲ˰
һҲǳ׵ķǺȻңʵЩ˲ã
˿̿Ŷң֮ҲǴʣ

߼֮䣬ȻֻһһȴԽĺ蹵
Ϊͫ˵һעˣȻҲһЩ˳˱仯ֱ仯΢΢ģ
˿̣
ңһȻĿŶףһ˵ľ̾Ҳǵ
Ҫ֪츳Ϊκˣ
֮ǰһֱԼ߼ͫʵҲΪ˲̫鷳
һ̣Լˣ
ΪѾħǸħõ
ţԼ߼ͫǱħԲԼģ
Сӣѡһɡ
ңĿסףһ·߸Ͼһ㣡




3069ѡ
 


߼ͫң˵Žʱ
ħ壬ܹӵ߼֮ͫˣҲᳬʮˣ
߼ͫ
ǱζԤһʥǿߵλã
ǱħҲΪ֮ݵİɣ
ңһֱұ¶Լ߼ͫ츳ԭǳļ򵥡
Ϊؼʵ˼ʵĻң»δɳͻᱻ˸̻ˣ
֮ģ˽֮
ңôҲΪ˱ȫԼ
ֻڣңԼѾûʲôԵ͵ˣħ˺Ҫһǿıɡ
ħƺԼҪҵıɡ
Լ츳ŵħֻҪǲɵǻἫԼģ
ʵϣѾӵ뷨
˵֮ǰҪõңľΪ˴Ļôҵһˡ
ŵħԼĸ״֪ң߼ͫϢĻҲȻͬңԼһģ
һλʥǿߣҪΪĵħ֮˵ǾһĺϢ
˭ҲɵӣңȻҲǣ
ܹͳΪɵڵǿߣôôɵأ
Ǹղŵļ֮ĳԼͷԵĻҲ̲õħ֮׺ױ俪սˣ
ֻңϲ䣬׷֮УѾ޷԰Σ
ҪΪħʣһ𣬼˵ˮɵˣ
ʯΪ
ңðʱѾǳ׵ĸж䣬ȴһϦֱ֮
ⲻò˵ʵԤϣ
˿̣
ңһһѾǳ׵סף
һŵģ˿ȴЩȻζ
ǿߣ
ңһֳ̱ģǱħѧԺڶǿߵķ緶
ǣѡһá
׵˵ӿȥһһ㣡
˼ѡѡ
俴Щ֪Ƶӣ৵һҲ
㻹һЩ֪֮ģ˵ɡ
ңҲסˣôҲû뵽СӾȻ˵ϣ
ԼСѡһСӾѡˣ
Īһ˲ɣ
ңһ˿ûе֮⣬Ҳŭݾ֣
ѲֱСӸˣ˲ɣ
׿ң΢΢һЦѡ
ˣ
׸֮һĿɿڴСǻĽడ
˻ΪСҪѡһأû뵽һѿڶľȻ
ˣ׵ķˣ
˸оңѾǽˣʱңǶͷ֮ϵͫѾһεķҫ۵Ĺâ
ͫʵħ̣
սĻħɵڱ֮塢ʹ嶼ҪǷȱһЩʲô
ӵ޷ƥеԽУǱͫ
ǵͫҶֵǣѴ֮ö߻ħ
ԣħһֱԾΪǾͫ͸õ
ɣ
״˿̱һĨҫ۵Ĺâ֣·Ǳâһ㣡
Сģֹӡ
俴ףҲǿһ£
ңʵ˭˲֪˭˲һ֮УǺֵ֣
ˣһ¶ܹҪ׵Сˣ
ֻ֪ԼףҲ޼µģ
ֹУһܹ֮ģ
ױһĨâڣһӳ˹ȵˣ
СӾȻҸħѧԺڶңѧԿֱ
һҲ̫װˣΪûܹƵסɣ
ǰȻͷҸѧװ棬ֱǲҪ
һһ¾Ҫ˼ζˣңѧ߼ܹͫҪ
һʱ䣡
׸Ҳ۷׷ףǿűâɵףҲ¶һ˿мЦݣ
˶ˣҲ֪ңʵ
ңܹΪħѧԺڶ֣Ҳģ
ǰȥǲףңĸǰҲ㲻ϸʲô
Զ
ңѾǱԼͫƣҲĨһ˿̵ζ
󣡣
ңһ̷ӳԼˮ׼Ļƺһµļ
ЩģңҲֿһ˿ЦֵģұҪ㳢ʲôĥ㣡
ݣ
ңһһɫĹâֵ׵ڣ
ʱ
׻һƺͫסַ·Ѿǲʡһ㣡
۾ľͷһվңĶ棡
˭Ҳ˿̵׵һʲô״̬
ĥ
ħ֮˻Ϊңܹаɡ




3070±ң
 

׸⣡
վʵΪǿ֮ˣܹħƾǿʵ
ֻһļ壬ǵʵȴС
׸֮У˭˱һ£
ΪԶ֪ᷢʲô䣬Ϊûдͱ棡
Ȼûʲô飬Ѿǵ˱ıԵˣ
һΣ
˱Ļ½־Ͳһˣ
ң˲ھ׸ô˸ħΰɣ
Աߣһ׷ͯյʼձһĨ΢Ц
˽룡
ǱеĶϣʥڵǿߣ
λ߿ȥƽ棬ûʲôʶΪⱱһǵ͵ĺܣ
ħĻңҲ֪ⱱеŶٵʵ
ֻһħҲû̫˼ȥעⱱУ
ΪħһֻЩߵŲ¼ɣһССУǾǷܷʲô˻أ
ڱ֮Уһֱǵ͵ĺܣںܶ˶Ϊλ߸ʲô֣
ʵ״һͷλʥǿߵĻ
ֻ˵Ҳûе¶ѣ
벮ҿǻ߰ɣʡǻ
һԵĽ룬Ȼô˵֮ȴûκεĵ֮ɫ
뿴Ž˵ħ䣬ħҪλ˰ҲԿһηչ𣿡
벮ҲûʲôͷңնɱѾǰ϶ˣʲôأһεǲ׬˽ڵƷʯٺ١
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ͷκ鶼Ҫ棬ֻҲ֪˵ʲôطЩ͸
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ҲǴʧɫΪ˵Ļ˵ʵЩ
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ʵϣ
׸һҲǳ׵ķˡ




3071ܻ
 

ͻıʣ
׸˶Ŀɿڴ
ԭΪңǰֵļһﲻʱ⣡
Ҫ˵ôĥģ
û뵽⻹ûпʼ£ңѾ˵أ
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3072һȭ
 

׵ʧȥǣ
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3073¹µǸĿ
 

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3074½Ĳ²
 

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3075¿r
 

ħڣ
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ֻһ·ϴЩĵ֮ɫ
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Ϊûκγ飡
¹ǵħȵħͷ
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񣬻ħΨһĳ·ָħܹһˣ

ħֱĪ⣬ô֪ħ۶ħжôļɵأ
ħr鷿֮У
˿̵rΪĲ׺ԺҲЦŵֹӣħûʲôĵطɣ
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俴Լĸ˵ߣҲ֪ЩҪԼĸ˽ˣ
ҪȻʱ˼ˣԼĸ׻֪׷ʲôأ
һ˵ǣrЦһһħѣͲõˣǵħٸҽħǱ·һ
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Ĳ֪Լĸ׵ţ
Լ׵ģԼĸЩʧķĸоˡ
ʱ򣬻ܹ
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׿һ䵭˵νˮڣԺħΪħۣһȻӭжˣ
ħħۣ״Ҫ
оԼһͷѲԼĸҪı治ɣ
ǿŵﰡ
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3076µڿּ
 

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Ϊʥּݣ֪һ
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rȥʮֵĲͷҪ֪ǰλƹǹмӵģ
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ڲһˣȻѾħ˺rʲô˼ɵ
¹ּrȻˣ
ɹʣ
ѾǻȥˣںЩ
ƹЩ̵ĸоһֻʥּһָֻrЩµŭȵħǾƲԳԷơȻħԸ¹ۼһȥԺȻʵʥϣ
⣡
rһݵģƹҲһĸ̣
ħѲѾ֪Լ³ڶأ
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ˡħԻħr衢ӳáᵳӪ˽ȥħħǳݣΪħּ֮⣬̤ħһմˣ
ƹɫʥּʱ򣬴ŵıһԹ
ʥּԺҲǸоһй֮飡
ֻǻƹԭΪrʥּһŭĿԲᵱڷ
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ħۼλʮʷ֮УųնӿνǱȱȽǣ
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rŻƹĿ棬˿ûκηĸо
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ү
r׼鷿ͷʱԶһħļҶѾǳ
˵󣬸λźɫ֮ˣȥΪأ




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Լĸ鲻ǷǳĺãôԼĸô룿
ոʧȥħķţͱ˵˭Ҳܰɣ
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׳ԼѵҲǹнѲμ۾Ը۾޽ݺɽ磡
һԵīŽѵӣֱڵ
鷿֮УҲǼž쳣




3078ѡҪ
 

۾
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ղŽ֮ĶԻī˸
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ڶûиףΪʲôԼĸײվħһߣվһĸǰ
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ѿףҲǵ
£ۡҪ
죡
rʦүҲħĴԼ
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ҵ׷£¹
ʱڲĵĻĵĻᶼûˡ
첻ʶף

Ȼʶףʶף˵ħ˴֮һķħƷ֮ĶԹ
λʢĵ۾Ȼ˵Ҫħ壡
ʱķʱҲһЦ֮λ۾Ƿˣ
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ħСү尡ݼħ򣡣
˽̸֮ʣħĹ㳡ѾվһȺˣ
Ϊ֮˺ȻǵħСү尣




3079Ϊǵĵħ
 

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ħ֮ôܹȥأ
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飬ǵħħ֮ͻһѣ
ڵħˣôĻأ
СպħֱնɱħǣѾ˾֪ˣҪȻħҲôѸٵӦ
Щʱ˾ôʵɽ绹磬׽磬ʵˣ
󵨣㵨ħ˴ʴʣֱ
ī尵Ҳǵһʱ˳
ī츳׿ħѧԺľӢѧԺҲǰʮĴڣ
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īὣѾǳ尵ķնɱȥ

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ƷҲһĨĻȣܹնɱr
ԺħҲܹǧʷˣ
ƷҪڼأ
ʱѺͽҲҲǴ鷿֮˳




3080
 

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𡭡ѣ㡭Ҫ췴𣿡
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ѿƷҲǼ̵ڿ
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вң㻹䣡
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õħĴϣһ̳׵䣡
һʱ䣬ħҲɢű̹ǵϢǹĺƺƮÿһڳ֮˵֮У




3081ǿӲr
 

ת˲֮䣡
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尺ӶɳˣԭΪһħ϶ˣ
֮ǰеĳѾЩˣ
û뵽ħıȻһλ֣
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ЩѾз磬֪ӹһ٣ȴǵĿܶǱħҵһ
ЩСħ۵УܿƵǲڵĲ
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ףΪֵҪһͳ磬ʱħһ飬ɽ綼пܷһ
˵ģ˼ֵССͣѾշǿ壡
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rͽѵˣǲΪԺѣ
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rŭһеĽѾǳ尵ķȥ
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rĸǰһֻ׵ĸһ㣬ûκεķ֮
ձ
仰ڻǷǳĺʵģ
就նɱ֮˾һҰ֮ɫ
rŶ飬ǿ˵ֹӣ峤ͷǽ⼸ˡ
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ڵrĲ̫Ƿǣ֪һеĶԹħٵ֮վͻˡ
ʱ¹˭֣Ҳˡ




3082𾪵ͮ
 

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ʥɽΪǿ֮ڣһξ˵ǿҲʺأôˣ
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٣ʲôʱ򿴵˶ħôѺˣô°
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ͮһץסԼõֵ巣ô°Ȼ֪ǾͿ˵ԸֹӵİɣҪĻҲ̫˰ɣ
ţչظ֪ʱҲǴħǱ֪һЩҪҲħĻһڹأ
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巼æ㣬ɲ˵ģҲħ˵ģҪ㲻ŵĻء
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Ӧģ˵Ǽħ弫֮ءʥɽʹһ֮и֣ΪľǶԸֹӺһǿߡһ˵Ϊ˱նɱֹӵĵۺ󡭡
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ǹǵ𣿡ͮЦһʵ
֪ˣ巾㵵ĿԼĽʵ
巣˵ɣűˡ
ͮԳĿ巣ҲҵһЦ




3083°¶Ӱ
 

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ĻԸأ
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ҡҡͷʱ֪أԸʵԸ϶Ƕ֮ˣڵ˭ʱǲö֪أ
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ԼΪħĹΣ
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ž
һİƣֱӽ˵Ŀⶼߣ
һ̨̣׵ķˣ
ֻǼ˶ûע⵽¶һ˿Цݡ




3084´ħ
 

ħ̨
ħ۴ʽʼһʱ䣡
ħۻδѾкܶڴ˵Ⱥˣ
вʥĺܶǿߣʹһλǿߣ
˷ħʢ磬ôֻǹأ
ᡢķ䣡
һѾЩǿߵԺ֮ˣ
嶫½֮⣬ѾǱΪ˹ϷֵĶ
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һδʼ磬ħʹһĳͻĻ




3085»Ͻ͵r
 

̨ϣ
ħ塢ʹͷ֮˲δ֣һʱûκܹƽϢˡ
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͹ˣʲô
rг죬Ⱳӵһôĳ죬̨еĿⶼϣ




3086ħˣ
 

ˣ
ħ峹׵ķˣ
һѾְּħȻҵô˵棬ֱʹһ˺
ڳħ嶼һ±ƣ
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r˵һ仰öаͺɽ׵ıˣ
³һԻָ侲аͺɽħСֱСоһҵȶԸףһȻڱ˵Ŀҵȣ峤峤λΪΣ
ΣȻħôĿҵȣֻиˣ
аͺɽͬʱ˵
˷ħѾͶ·ǡ롱ǰ
ʱһʥɽ͹֮뿪ħ廹׸
r֪ʱ±ǿʱˣ
λ峤ʱǲ̫£ħվrħ壡
³ֲɵӣ׸ӵţ
Щ˲ǳһʱڿѣߣ˭Ҳߣ
һһλᣬʱ֮˭ܹƵס
rЦ˼˰Ȼ벻ħ壬ħĵ̾ͲҪôŰ裡ħ徯λ˱ǿˣȻûе˵ķϾ͹ԹԵĸÿ˵ı֣
ޱߣ
rĻħһѪڣ
һ̣rƺΪħĿ֮еӢۣ
˭ܹȺǰ˵
ħҲ˰ɣ
rǷ˰һħ۳ҵȵҪ˵ȿ֮
³rҲķ
rǳ׼ǲ뿪Բ˵Ű裡
ˣ
ħҰĲûжԸ֮ǰǾȻѾ¶Լ
³а˻һۣ
ǵУƺͬһĿ꣡
Ǳħ壡
ԶֹѾʼıնɱ֮ˣ
ÿһȺϣԼгһܹɽ۷壬Ϊɽǿף
Ѳֻһ룿ֻûлѣ
׵ĳ֣ѾǴɽƽ⣡
r˭ڼ̨ģ޹ħ򸮣
Ϊ⼸ȺҪŷʱһۻޱȵɤѾǳ˵Ķߣ
ħۼݵ
һ̽Ŀⶼۼħϣ
Ϊǽǣ




3087°뱰΢
 

ħ棡
λִħĳһֳ®ɽ·
ֻԱߣվżˣ
һλ̫ϤˣǱʥɽ׼ҵ峤ǳ
վڰǳһԵλӦñʹһ֮ĵһǿߣӰм峤޲ؼӰУ
󣬻վһλײϤˣ
rȻʶǱǵħ飡
rѾǱԵȻʵǿᣬѾûκεİ֣
ħҲûκεĹ˼ɣĲ¼Ҫr
ȡ֮ƺֻʱ⣡
Σϻ飬Ҳʸμˣ
ʵϣ
İٵڱѾˣ
һٵѣ
ںں
ںټһƬ̣
ΪԴһ׶ɷѿģһλŮʹһ
Ҳħĳ⣡
̸пνѺȻһЩϸз磬ƺѾǲӰκεĴˣ
ɾ̸ף׼ʱ򣬲гһĻĸǰ
rûг֮ǰȻħλ﷭
ⲻǸոսõһӰ
е߿֪ˣ˿rǺ޲һնɱ˴˲źã
ֻǵȺŪʲôڧǱ˿Ц
ѵҲӺ˳
³ôˣ
޲ؿſ³ҲŭҲʵ
һԵİǳаͺɽҲʵ峤峤׷ʲô飿
³һȣ޲ع峤ˣħ̫ʵǲʹһУ̫ˣ
飿޲ɷƵʵ
¶޲س״ˣ֮ǰħ幫ͮһλħʲôģɡû뵽
ʲô
޲صüͷѾ˵֮ǰĿ³Ǹ峤ӰȫֵĻô޲΢΢üѾħ۵ˣ
ʵϣ
޲ʲô֪
ܶ飬û¶ôܸ˵ķأ
λħĹƺ֪Ҫʹһ壬һҵĻֱһҵϣŮ֮ҶȻŹ״ˣħʹһ֮ܣʵǡ
¶£ƺܵ˶ίһ㣡
һԵа޲س޲峤һҵȶǿУħ̫ħֱǵͷʺ
޲峤бᣡ
ħ濴޲峤Ҳǿһ£
᣿ʹһܴ裬ħһܹ͵𣿡
ոջ̸ļˣ֮ƺǳһ㣡
һԵİǳаʵ峤ƺ޹ԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬҿ峤ǡ
峤ħ壬˵峤ȻҸ峤ÿ˵ıֱ֣Ц
ɽƢҲǳ׵ķŭˣ
˵ʲô⡭ôܣ
ǳŶħrҲ𾪵ʵ
rЦһ˵𣿡
ħţΪʹһǺ۸𣿡
޲ؿһrҲǳһ
ˣ
ħۿrӣ֮Ѿ˸ɱ
ħۣƺǷҵһ˵ɣ
޲ظħǷѾħ۵ĸǰ
涢rŭһһٸˣ
˵꣡
ͮķ˹ȥ
ͮԼĸ֮дһ˿İڴ
ϣԼĸܹΪԼҲϣԼĸܹŮ֮飬ԼԶʹһ壡
ʣ鲻ֽ㣬ǰ¶峤Բѷ
巿ԼĸһĳͮҲǼæ
ž
ֱһƺ巵ϣһ޻δϣ˵ķ𣿡
ʡ
巵ۿ˲ģôҲû뵽һԼ㲻ĸʣȻô˵Լ
巡ͮɫͨһѱס巣˿ѾǱЩˣ
ߣȻڼ̨޵Ŀ˶֣㻹ǳˡ
޹˼ɵĿͮҲЦһ
ǡŮġͮˮֻ֮͸̫ʧ
ħʹһһ򽻺ãʹһħͣ㾹Ȼô㣬޵Ŀ˹µǸ
ͮĸܣҪıǹȫ֡
ʹһ壬ħʧ޷
һŮ
濴ȷǷǳĻ㣡
ֻħĹ¹Ǹȶ֮ħһ˵һŶҧ˸
ܴ谡
棬㾹Ȼ幫¹Ǹֱħǧûţ
˲֨ʱrһεվˣ
һ̣rƺħӢһ㣡




3088ħڧ
 

r
һ̣·ħӢۣȻŭ
һħ֮˶Щˣ
rҪıɣ
ҲǱrƸסˣЩ˵Ǿˣ
ͱڣ
ֱӷʩͮ¹Ǹ
û˵ʲô
rһϯάˣ
˵ħ۳ĵ۾Ҳħ䣡
ˣʧȥģǽһǳµ飡
οۼ̫̫ħͷ
ûˣԺ滹ôƿħ壿
ֻ治֪ΪʲôһڴʱȻ˳Ҹ˵ӲԼ
ѲɾΪҪrһﱩ¶Լıˣ
rֶŶ֮δȴҪкҵΪħϹᣬľ³𣿲Щǿ⣬ͮǿŮҲô
ߣࣿݼͼı޲˭ţҽʹ޽ҪЩ˷棬
߳ŭǱ˼̤
Բģ
ο˻ԼֵܣǴrж˵λ
ˣԼܹԼ߰꣬ѾǷǳĲˡ
ߣҪһˣħ巢չΪסħΪ˻ħϣƴȴֻжĥɱ¿ĵ۾˭Ը׷棿
rҲŭˣһ뵽ı壡
Ц˼ƾҲ߷ʲô˻޽쵹Ҫж͡û뵽׻ûȴQˣ
ôҪɱڣΪľ㲻ɣ
rȵһЦлֿ˻
Ҫ֪
Ϊ˲뾡ı¶ԼڰݵĿԼ£
ҲʱԵԻ壡
ħۣħҲ˵һ޲ƺЩЦ绨·ǿֲ´
һԵİǳħۣΪұҪƽϢһ׵ʱͶףǿɾˣ
һλʥڵǿߣȻӰ֣
ӰʵЩ
οܹŭħۣȻҲб
濴һһԵ޲غͰǳЦһħǵİСպħֱնɱﻹʲôʵԣڲǹǽѣ
ʱĲ֪rʲộ
֪rɲɵӣ
һֱչԼ˵ΪıӦҲ֪ԼѾ
ʵԽǿԼԽǲҶ
˷ħǺ׳˱ʣôأ
ǳͷȻ˵ĻȲ˵ɣһʱ˿ҲǱ
塢ʹһ壬Ȼ󱲡Լɲ۾ȴſˣпð
ṛŰǳҲЦ
׸ղŽrϵĴ̼壬ڿЧҲʮֵԣ
䣬ȥһɱڣ
޲ؿr˵͵ͦģֻϧһſ˵Ļᶼûˡ
ƾ㣿ʹһ岻ѣ޲Ϊǿ㣬ħѾγͬˣֻնɱ۾Ȼ̲ʹһأ㻹Լ̲˰
rΨ²ң
ǳrĻǵ֮жĨһ˿ľ֮ɫ
Ҫһô˵ȥĻôϿ¾ǸЦˣ
ʱ׸ƣǵòʧˣ
rǾƲԳԷƣţɱ
ŭһһԵ޲ֱתƺЩrĻ
Ͼrħħ˵ĻҲûпŶȰ
οĻôʹһɾΣˣ
棬ħлǱȻôãħ幫ȡĻôڴ֣Ӽħ۳۾֮λħԻͣ
rrҲ˵
Ϊղŵı֣rڶʱھȻۼһЩ
޵Ҫ㵽˶ٵʵЦ˼
ħ۵ʩԸ׷ħƷħͳΣħǬ
ΪħƵµʱһħ˲ž
нңһ㤵ķʽ˵ĸǰ
˭Ҳû뵽һħͷı֮ˣȻǱУ




3089ħĽ취
 

𾪣
ħ嶼֮У
һǼβ˵֣û뵽ʵ˾Ȼһվ췴
ħ˵ʲôʵϵĴһ־ϵĴ
Ȼ˵ħѾв֮ģһֱûб¶
û뵽˾ȻѾı֮ģ
ﵱ
촽΢΢ΪеͻȻı棬Ϊĸǰˣ
ħı棬⻹һЩ˵ͷ
ϾħǽԼĵڶҪôƽӹһӣҪôȡԼ֮
һΨΨŵŵıоȻˣоһ˿Ĳ
ħȻҰĲȻڰ֮ѾǷչô
һУǱǾżвˣ
ѣ̫ʧˣ
淴ǲżˣѾزνٵѾˡ
Ҫʲô
濴Ҫľǲҵһǰºǲˣ
ΪֻҪɵӣӦòܹ

ײоԼһεջҲķģ
ѿЦһ棬ұпѾǳΪ˴Ķ˰ɣһϲժӣұгΪħһУôݵǱأ
ħ嶼޵ģҪĶûеòġҲãʡ޷Ѿ˼ˣ
浭˵󣬿ȴЩ
ȵ֮ʵЩգ

˼Һ׷Ѿ˼ķչ׳Ȼ˸ժӣ˭ܹԸأ
ѿЦ˼ȻˣҽҲǶٻѡĹڱŵǰһ죬ȥұгＯãû뵽ħ۾ȻҳˣΪħ
ͣӦöѣ
浭˵Ҳν˵
˿̣
͵ѾǱҲЩѵĸо
͵ùǱסѾ޷У
ʬʲôأ
ֻǵ˵ԼӦõʱ͵¶һ˿ŭݵ棬Ϊħ۾Ů٣ֱħ棡Ϊħħе
Ҳֻбķˡr㻹ʲôһɣҲʡ޷ȥˣ
ûƤûһ۱ô˵ʼձԼĴݣ
ˣӦѾϰȡԲΪԼдģ
棬ħʿȻҽߵزҿǾħķʽɣɸң
r˵ʱ̻˵ķɣ
˵ʵ
ħ֮˶ħһЩµĿ
һЩħ֮ΪħħĻǻ᲻һЩأ
Ŷƾ㣿޿㣬㻹Ϊ޵Ķ֣
濴rȻҪԼҲЦ
˵rȷԼ޼ĻôôѾǱòһˣ
ڵrԼȣǲһΣ
Ҫ֪ѾǴﵽʥ۷徳磬˵һֻҲѾ̤ˣ
rһʥڼҪﵽ۷֮ˣ
ɱСһ˿˿Ĳ࣡
һ˿˿Ĳ࣬ʵǵ蹵һ㣬Խģ
ο
ΣһĲ࣬նģ
οrҲûʲô֣أ
ڲӵħʥǿߣοһԵʹһæأ
ħۣЩŹ֣ǻһսپɣǳʼոоЩԾ
һԵ޲ƺҲǸоһЩ쳣
ֻħһлҪħΪģ
;ǿͣ
峤ħһֱеıʿȻҲ⣡ħ˵İ취λĸǰ޶֮һս޻к쵼ħأrȻҪôޱһλᣡ
һ֪
rıݣҲǽһĴȥأ
ǳĻҲһƣ
ʲôʱˣȻе
ǿӣҲεĺܣ
ǳһֱеıǳȴǳƥ֮£
ڻҪĻ޲ֱ뿪ˣ
ף汾һսɣ
ӣrֻǳһԵ鿴һۣ·һ㣡
һľ㵣ǾȻû뵽rȻֻһ¸潻ս
裡
Ե裡




3090ĵħ
 

ŭˣ
ħסˣ
ʹһҲǳ׵ɵˣ
rǷʲô裿
һ£ȻҲҸħ۽а壿ⲻʲô
Ҫ֪ħۺųħһǿߣԲ˵
ǰǳ޲أҪӮħۣҲǷǳѡ
΢΢
ÿ壬ûǿôܻأ
ħĸģγͳħ壿
ټʹһ壬ûԱͱˣ
˵rʵܹħۣͶˡ
ڵȵ˵ı
һȻһӦս棬ⲻʲô
rʲôè㶼ó׳󰡣
濴rһʮֲмɫ
ȴһߵǸ׵ӣ˵ʵȥҲʥڶѣ
Ȼ֮ҲǼΪ𺳣Ϊ׵Ӹûгֹ
Ӧrصĺˣ
ɾ˵ʵҪӮԼ
r˵棬ĪˣǾֱλˣ
£޵ֵ滹û֣ŭһ˲˶ߣȻҪޱȫ㡣ʰǣʰ㣡
Ҳǳ׵ķŭˣоrǴԼģ
УⲻrˣһϷѣ
ھԵʵǰЩСϷʲôأ
rаЦսۼģǽһͰ
ʵϣ
r֣һ֮ⳡͼΪĻˡ
֪Ϊʲô˵ĵݣ
һǿ߸ûг֣֪ô
˵ħΧҲŴʥǿ߲󷨣Ϊľһǿ߽У
һʱ֪ôźأ
ףͿˣ
rһ飬Ҳ΢΢һЦ
ʵбָӵö飬ⲻ׵ļƲ߶ѣ
棬һնɱ棬ǵʱrǸһħУ
ʥϣȻr˵ʥϣԸǰһս
ħʱվ˳
ʥڣʵ֮rһ˿һҲǳ׼˻ᣡ
⵹ҲΪһЩӣ
Ҫ֪ħۣrŪЩ²̨ҲʮֵΣ
ʥڵǿߣܹǿնɱ֮ˣħҲ޼
ԭ׼ɽ𻢣
ڿվ˳Ҳʡˣ
滺Լ֮ϣʾ֮峤޲峤棬ʵλЦˡħ
ڣ
һҲǵϥ¹
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ħˣԲ˿飡
ħң޲棬ԽħȫӹħĲҵɣ
濴ŶĵħҲǵ˵
£ѹ
ǵֶΣһҪrһҲҪֲһõ
ʵ֮ǰħѾǲֺˣ
ֻû뵽ڽ˵۶ӣ
rȻҵô˵ңڻûзӦĹ
лʥϣܶʹħħҵ
мѣħһĿ꣡
һֱħ۶ûɿڣ
죬ħ۵ô˵ɿڣǸ˵ħһĻᣡ
ȥɣΪħҫ
ҲǵȻĻ˻֣ӣҲЦЦ
̨ĸߴ
ǳ޲صΧħ۵ߣ
һССʥ֮ˣ治֪rŰȻֻǴż˾͸ڼ̨㣿
ǳɵĿrܸоЩŹ֣
ʥڵףʵǿᣬʥڵĵħҲʮľ棡
Щrһʲôˣ

ǳɲôΪΣ˵ʵܵģ
ֻr̵ʲôطأ
޲ؿһ۶׵Ϊ֮ڣħȻܹɱˣ
ħʵǿᣬΪУҲЦ
ǳĸ͵ǰħʵǿᣬΪǾĽսĺã
ĵͷİλrƣQ˶೤ʱˡȻײǾͿϷɡ
ײ
ǳһֲ̫õĸо̨ȷû׵ټ
ѵһΧ׵ļƻҪ
Զ
Ѿվ˼̨㳡֮Уħǿ׳ĵȴĵ




3091겻ɢİ¶
 

̨Χ
˿˽ǽŲѣ
׵Աߣ㡢ԼĸͱѺһԣҲǽ߬ȭͷ
ֻûκεĶҲҲ廰
̶ȣ˵κƺûˣ
˼ֵܹħ壬Ѿ˵һУ
һߣ
֮ͮһƬն֮ɫ
ʧ͸
˴δһôʧ͸
ԼĸʣΪ澹ȻԼŮ˵ļ̤
ôһ̶ôϣԼһͨļأ
ħ
ԭ飬ʵϾ֮ǰͮʵԭѾ׼ħĳˣ
ֻΪֱʣɺʹһ
ͮδ˵ʲôʵҲѾˣ
ϾΪħĹӲˣ
һβһһλ¶ӰгԼȴǴħ˰¶ӰһĶ⣡
ɵأ
ԼĸΪħţΪԼ棬ȻԼŮҡβȥʹһǸ
ͮɵȻɵ
֪ⲻԼĸΪһֲĶѣ
ΪͿʲô
Ҫ顢顢飿еһ
Ļͮûκε壡
˵ֻԧ첻ɣ
ͮ仰ĺ壬Լˣķǳ͸
ܹԼİһĻôǲܳɳҲǿֵģ
㣬̫ˣ
巿ԼĽ㣬ȫȻ֮ǰһơ
ͮ巵ʵ巣𣿡
ۣۣ
巵һȪӿһ
ί
оԼһһ㣬˿ô
ͮҲˮӽԺ㲻ǵĸʣҲŮ
㣬ۡǻѡ𣿡Щʵ
һҾԲκ裬ҲǳΪҰĵ̤ʯ
ţȻˣҲŽһ𣡡
ҧҧԶ̸̨֮Ц棬һҲ޵ʧ
ĺϣģҴûôһܹϣͮЩ˵˵
ǰһصˣΪİŮ˲ϧΪУ
巿ԼĽ㣬ҲǻһλƸеŮˡ
λŮĳ˵Ȼʳԣ
ͮ巶Ƹ֮ʣһϤ˼Ѿõ˵ĶУ
˶һۣǴӶԷ֮пһĨ֮ɫ
ֻǾ׼˵֮ʣһһӰ
ߣףû뵽ȵȻϲǸҪļһ
¶ӰУ
һ겻ɢĳͮõߣ
¶㻹รɡ
ͮ˿̬ƽ࣬Щһ뿪ˣûκεĹ˼ˣ
οˣ
ˣ
Ȼ֪ʲôط
ǸղŵͮԲģҲԼģԼҲˣ
ȻҲΪ׵ǣ֮еһĨϲǻ֮ȥģ
ܺһͮоҲ޺ˣ
İɣ峤ϡȻɫħӲȵңΪܿ㣿
¶ӰпͮҲǷһ˿â
ʲô
ʶʵ
¶ӰкٺһЦ峤û뵽ȻϲǸףһĻ峤ҪһŪ㣬
޳ܣ
ֱ޳֮
ͮŰ¶һûһģ
ǰ¶ĻҲһɵ¶㡭ֱһޣ޶磡
ޣˣ֪ôˣ峤Ҫ⵴İ֮ǰʲôһ֣
¶޹˼ɵĴ̼һԵͮ
ͮŭһ޳֮ͽֹˣŵĶ·˰ɣοħ壬ħĹ
ףͲ֪ʲôطȥˣ˸һ㣬ħ㻻ȡʹһһǳء
¶зһ˿Цں̬ͮȣ
ǸղͮȻһȣŭѣ
ͮ΢΢ɫҰ׵ĿŰ¶һǳأΪһǳ𣿡
ֻ¶֪ԶһâѾǱ̹ǵĿ
Ȼڼ̨룬Ѿǽս
Ȼ˵ƺѾһˡ




3092±ĵħ
 

̨룡
Х
ຮ֮صҷƺǵһĴ˵壡
ħһ֮棬˿ҲΪĲף
Ȼǰλǿֺξĺ磿
ף²֮
鿴Ŷ飬ҲĨһ˿⣡
鿴鵭˵ƾҲ˵Ȼ
СΪԼЩ¾Ͳ֪ߵغˣЩ֣㵽ĸðģ
ħ飬ҲǿЦ˼ʵ
ǵ֮Ա
鵭ȻһЦˣӦþܱˣ
ݣ
䣬ıѾǳһӰ
δȵ˷ӦǵӰƺѾ˺˿ռ䣡
գ֮䣡
ǵѾǿϯһĸǰ
ͻȻ֣
黹δȷӦѾǽߣ
ֵ
鱾ܵĸ޼ɵĽ⣬Ҳʶĳһܣ
ֻǶܹ
ʶ
ʶѾס˶飬ҲǷһ˿â
һ
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龡ѾǶ˿ǽҲǽ䵽
һɼǵ˺۳ı۰֮ϣѵģ֪ǵУ

̨һһ˶Ŀ࿴
ŭһȻŶǿ
鲢δʹȫΪⲻԼСİˣ
󣡣
ıһĽˣ
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ĶͷֱͫѾǳ׵ıһԻõĸо
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ƺϣ
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鿴ӣҲ¶һ˿ܵĲм
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Ĩһ˿ĳ֮ɫӰһѾʧԭأ
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龪㵵ĿŶʧλãһʱȻЩˣ
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˵֮ǰʩչһֻǿθ˵Ļôȹ֮֮ǰҪǿֹ
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ǵΪĽӰ֮Ȼɣ˵Ļ꣡
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鳹׵±ˣ֪ԼԵ˵ʲôʵ
£Ȼ߸װβǣⲻò˵һĪıˣ
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ħħõħȻ˸ֱӸɷڵأ
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һοʱ֮Ѿ¶һ˿ľ֣
˷Ļᣬһ֮ƺоҲǷǳ⣡
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ĿɿڴĿǰһУҪһγ־ȶʱȴѾˣ
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ˣ
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ħһǿߣû뵽ħΪʥļ̨
ⲻò˵һּķˣ
ʱ
㳡Ŀ˳һ˰ĿҲ΢΢һ̾ԭΪһ˵Ĳ񣬶ȻʲôأڿҲһѣ
ʥڵǿߣ˵˵Ǹ
˶һĵ
ʲôʵܹ˵Ļ?
ʵѾǵǷ켫˵ʥڣʥ۷壬ҪֵôҲǾ޿ܵģ
ǳսɽҪƾԼʵնɱĻ׻ûܹˣ
۵ս׺ɽѾһˣ
ʱ
ħһǿѾΧס飬ֻƺû˸ǰһǾ֮Զ
r˵ĸͣҲǿЦ˼棬ҲȻˣӦùԹԵóλ˰ɣ
һ̣
rҲѾµĻصǵ֮УֻһٿĿѾǳ׵ıˣ




3093³䣿
 

ȫ
ħ飬Ǹ׵˵УȻû߹ʮغϣ
ֱӱնɱ֮ǰ
һʱ䣬̨ѻȸ
⡭һﵽ˭ʵǷ֮
ǰףҵδ˵أ
ֹû˵ֱͻȻQˣδŰ
⡭ħѲҪϮΪħ۲ɣ
̨˶ݵĳĬ֮ӭһ飡
ÿ˶Ǳָָ㣬ǷҪ֪ħΪʲô˵
Ҫ֪ڳ֮һǴͷˣ
Щ鱨ϵͳν쳣ķ
˼ӵ˷鱨ϵͳȴ־Ȼ˸ֶ֪飡
̣
Եķ̰
˿飬һĿɿڴ޷Լĸˣ
ʥڵǿߣ˵ɱɱˣ
⻹ǵһμţ֡
ħҪնɱħĻҲ˵ɰɣ
Ѳǰ֮ʵȻǳԽħˣ
ĻôħôƵסأ
һһ˵ȽȽ𣬿ȴûκδ𰸡
̨֮ϣ
濴ǰľɫҲѿ˼㡣
ԼΪ̵İ֣Ȼľ͸ˡ
𺳵ĳΪħ۵棬ҲǾֲѣ
r㻹ǴĻǰѾ׼ıˣ
ķǳĺڣûһr
Ļôڵ
ȻûУ
ûкҩԣ׵ӵĳ֣δľһӰ
r˵棬ħĹأһεʧܣǱҪҰġҪӦλ
λߣrΪ޻ĵ𣿡
Ӷˣյ˵ħĽȷ
λãʹ˷
rЦ˼ħ۳ħۣȻħĹضˣ㻹һ۾ô
䲻˵ģrֵһԭҪһڿ²ˡ
ĵŭ𱻳׵ĵȼ
оԼĶЩˣ
ȻǸ֮ˣ붼ûֵģ
r˵Ҳȹһ˵
һԵİǳҲǿɳˣһʱԼ֮£
֮ǰʥɽǸ׵ļһȻɱʥɽ
Ȼħ˸ϵһˣ
ǸʱоѾΪֲΪʱİǳͰ׵£
Ǹʱףʥڵʵѣ
ʵˣȻŷ˾˵ðǳˣ
ԭΪϾֻһ׻ˣ
Ǿڽ죬ħļ̨Ȼֿһֲ֮ˣ
˾Բף
ðǳоƵǣǵҪĿǸףû뵽ֳ۶ӣ
Ȼǰ֮ħģΪʲôƫƫһʱڵأ
ħۣ䣬״ϵħȻͶףʱǸһټǰλ֣±
ǳ棬ҲĨһ˿Ц
ôȥĻ֪׷ʲôأ
ο׵ûУǳҲǲȷ
һԵ޲ȴôΪΪδۼ֤׵ʵǺܵģ
Ȼǰ׵ʵǿǿʵܾ𼸸غϵĳ
޲ؿŰǳЦŵ峤԰꣬һģΧôĴҪ̨Ҳûжģǰ֮ˣħôǿкξأ
ǳȻ֪޲ص뷨
޲ؼӰоҪͨħڧħʵ
ڽغϵʱ䣬ħĵħѾˣ
ټħȸѱ䣬ħĴ
ʱڲ׵Ļôĵ⻹׸
޲峤Բӣ׿ɲǶô򵥣ǳ̵
޲ذڰֵ峤޷޷ħħ˽ˣ
޲غͰǳĻȻҲһҪ֮ˣ
Űǳ޲أ΢˫۵λ𲻱˵ħŻȻҪȲ֣ţȽrǸ׵ļһ¡
һ£
ħʮλʥǿߺһ£ѾǽrװΧ
ֻǴ˿̵ȴѾȻߵͮ巵ߣ⵹rЩƲѣ
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rʵڲǸܶѣָ֮ס
ܹȥˣô죿
ۿűΧrҲЩˡ
ͬʱ
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⵵£Ǻºܶˡ
ǰ¶Ӱʵ̫Ƿԭδǰ¶Լ
ʱͮһǵĿųڣƺδע׵ĵ




3094ײǹڵİ¶
 

̨ϣ
ɱɢ
ħ֮ȻΧħɴ˿ħҲǸһǿߣ
˱еİλʥǿ֮⣬ΪעĿıǸոնɱ˵ħˣ
ҲΪˣڵľƺЩ֣
кâ˸ֻҲЩԥr϶ǲˣ
Ǹ׵ļһǲǿȡһأ
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ԥ֮ʣһȴѾվͮ巵ߣ
λþòˣ
׿ͮ巣ҲĨһ˿Ц⣡
Ȼ׵òЩı䣬ȴûκεĸı䣡
ֻ˵Ľ㶼r˵ϣ˭עصλأ
һԵİ¶Ӱп׵ĵҲɫ΢䣡
ֻ֪˵˭
ͮףֿ˿һԵİ¶קק巣Ȼӣôˣ
ΪʲôЦŷʵ
ͮЩ˵ǡǹӦ֪ڵĴôͲ¡
£ҾͲˣȻˣҲûʲôúµˣ
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ĺǵԣһûءλҰɣ
׿ͮ巣Ҳǵʵ
ӵҲǱΣȾǽ﹫أ
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һףȻԼŮһƷΪ׵ĳ룡
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ǸʵԸ񣬼ԼŮҲô£οһأ
Ҫ֪һμΪľԼ
ƾͮ巵һ仰ħ۾ͻŹԼ
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ӣҡ֪̫ܣɡҲֻˡ
ͮҲ̾һ
Цŵλĵȷ˶ݡǿܣұ뿪ħɡ
Ӵ˻棿
ͮ巼ͬʱǰһ˵ʵǵΪֹһ仰ˡ
׿ͮЦŵ˵ʲôʱ㻰ˣһᷢ飬ҿƣԷκҲλҪҲźá
ţһн⣬ܹҵأ
ֲͮСǵȻ֪¾׺ħ塢ʹһĻˣ
˼ܻ֪ܲôܹӦԼҪأ
Ѳĵ˾ͻñ۸
ͮףΪ׵㹻
ħѱˣһٸ飬ҲܴӦɱ׵ģ
ֻ˵ģ
¶ӰΪĲˬȻͮ
˵ͮҲԼϱɣ
Լϱ˹ȻߴΣСӻ˵лԼϱߣ
ⲻҪԼ
¶ܴӦ飿˵õʹһǿ峤ˡ
һͨˣԼŮ˱˵ڴĻֻҪǸҲ˰ɣ
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ǵԼ棬ͮ˴ߵĻԺ¶ӰʹһǳЦˡ
ͮ巿Ŵħ֮˵ӣ¶ӰҲǳ˹
ͮ巸ղһʱЩˣ
ڿŰ¶ӰгǵȻôĽţǻ쳣ǵĿŶף
Сӣħ˻ǹְ峤ŮǶҶ
¶ӰпףһĴ̹ǣ




3095Ѱ·
 

̨һ࣡
¶ΪʹһӰм峤øκ˵ӣ
ʹһּᣬ˭Ҫ鷳Ҳõɣ
οħۣҲֻܹԼŮԼ¹Ǹ
ˣ¶У
Ҫ֪δʹһƶˣӰмδ峤
ݣ˭¶ˣ
ڰ¶Ӱк
ΪоԼݣȻҪб̵Ŀܣ
˵֮ǰͮ巵мǸ֮Щϸ𣬰¶ܽܵĻ
ôһͨħ徹ȻڸԼĸǰ㣬ǽܲˣ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ׻һڰ¶ӰпǸԼƽƽ
ôǰСʲôиоƨ㲻ϣ
Ȼ¶Ӱиղ˰죬ҲûЩ˵ʲô
һ仰һԼߵĻ
ǾС˵ҪǰҲ̸巸лԼ
ͮǸԼŻԼİ
⵴ȻԼ˴ΣҪߣ
ǻϲӣð¶оһ裡
˿̣
׿Ŷİ¶ӰУʵһѾɱģ
ΪһĻҲǰͮ巵ߡ
ħĹһµģ
׵Ļؿһ۰¶Ҳɢһɰ
ֻĵð¶о޾裡
һħ֮ˣȻ˵Լ
ˣ
¶ЦһСӣ֪˵ʲô𣿡
㲻ǴҶ仹ʹȻûôڸ˵һ飬㵨蹫Ǳ·һ
׿Ű¶һԵôͻأ
Ҫ֪
ոΧסrˣԥҪҪأ
ɾü֮ʣû뵽ֳ۶ӣ
ৣ
ԭųǲˣһεĿ˰¶ͮǱߣ
һδƽһ
۶Ƕൽ޷
׻δôͻôĲأ
¶ˣ
ԭΪԼĳֻħСɪɪȴ֣ǵûˣħСӱ䱾
˫ɺ죡
¶ŶףҲŭһħ幫ħȻ˵һĹ˹Ŀ࿴
㡭㡭
ͮû뵽¶ǹᴩȫһӼɫͨ죡
ҪһԵĻͮһεĶˣ
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¶׵ķˣ˵ƺҲЩ˼ɣ
޲ؼӰпԼĶ㣬Ҳһ¶סڣ
״ˣȻҵҵüȥ˵Ҫ˽ħ廹ûнʹһУǽҲԺҰ¶ôʹһ㣿
¶Դǣȥܾί֮ˣ
޲峤¶峤ƺ̫һɣԭѾˡ
ԭľǷr׵ϵģͻȻ֮˰¶֮ԡ
ҲǸоԼûеطˣ
ղŵħնɱѾǸо˶Ѽˡ
أ
ֱʹһ裬Ϊ֮Ļͽʹһ˺ȥˣ
һͮȷν
ôͮħĹ˵ޣǴħ
֣ħۻǻ˵ϹŮñĿ࿴ȻҶ棬˴̸˽ɺͳ
޲ؿ棬ҲǸоЩҲסˣ
ǳƤֱܸоûôļ򵥣ҪΪʵǿͮߵļһ׵ĻͻȻˡ
ɼǳͷֻ޷ȷѣ
ݺ飬ħͽλ԰꣡
ڲ飡
ΪһеҪȵ鳾زܽˡ
ֻ֮ǰʹһ̸УѾǲˣ
׼Ϣ֮ʣ
׿Ŷİ¶ȴһʹһħ壬ǱħΪСȻħ۲ԸΪͷĻôֻҳͷˡ
ƾ㣿
¶ӰпףҲǲмһ
ݣ
â
ڰ¶ӰΪײǸʱȻķԼĵﴦѾǱ̴ˣ
ûüӦһеô£
ڰ¶ﱻ̴һ̣һöҩҲ˳ֱ˽ȥڼ
㡭㡭Ȼҡ¶µĿףѾ¶֮ɫ
׵˵ĵúȥܰɣҿɲ㡭
һʱ䣡
ȫž׵ͻȻ̨׵֮С




3096
 

ۻң
һϷַǷ
һֱڣʲôħ۰ٵӰӣ
绹δʼѾ˲ˣ
˵ҵĳʹһǿӰм峤ȻҲǵڱ˴Ƶ
һУһӶûзӦ
ĵ
ǿ嶥Ķҩǰ¶˵£¶Ҫºܾã
οڵİ¶Ѿǵﱻƣ׵Ϊ˷أ
Ű¶ǰצһʹ֮ɫ
޲ֱӷɵԼӵߣһʹǿҲǽ
޲ؿɱһĿ⣬̨Ѿǳ׵Ļˣ
ħҪ찡
ڧδȻֱնɱʹһ峤
޲ذ׷ͺڷˣģ
οǰħ˾ȻʹɽΪĵǼֱǲ¶һĻ·
״˾ңҡ
¶޲صĵҲǸоһ
һԵĿ³ӰеüĿַ˰¶֮Ҳ˵峤ˣ峤ûϣˣ
˵
޲ظоԼˣ
һħļ֮أԭΪոĵ̵ģ
׻δԼĶѾǽ֮ˣ
ŭʡŭ
޲һ̸оԼЩ³ˡ
ô꣬ĽӰһ̺׵ˣ޲˵ν󰡣
¶סץԼӣָ·Ҫ˺ԼƤһ㣡
ʹ࣬˿ŶоһĲ
ĵ
ֶĳҩڳ֮ô֪أ
״ˣɱɱɱЩħΪұ𰡣һˣ
¶Ҳһˣ
֪³峤˵ûϷԼ϶ûϷˣ
˴˵¶ʵô᲻֪ԼѾãأ
ټĵʱ⣡
ȻĻ¶ΪԼһЩʹ࣬ȻԶϾԼ׵ĸǰ
ħҲǸоһľ֮ɫ
Ҫ֪¶ľħʹһֱĿʼˣ
޲ص沿ֳ֮ɫ
ɨһȦħ壬һԵĿ³峤ˣĪ嶯
޲سֻǾվǱ߿Ŷ棡
Ŀԣ
ռ֮жܹоλǿɢɱ
һߣ
Ͱǳɲ
˵ǰһ̣滹ŵǲڶնɱħrļѾĻ
ôڵоԼˣ
¶Ӱе˵ֱһ
ħۣѾˡ
ǳʵ͸оˣһֱоЩ֣
ڸղţȻ䷢ֶǸնɱ¶˵쳣Ϥ
Ϊ
ǳһֱûнǰ֮׵ȥ룬Ϊǰ֮˾Ǹħˡ
ħ˺廹űʵģ
Ҫľͫ
˶ͷϵͫǳһӻûע⡣
һӷӦˣ
ʲô峤һҪ
Ŀˣⲻǰħ·ϱ
˿̿Ŷ涯ֵףѾĿ¶׹⣡
׿ŶİǳҲ֪˰ǳ²Լݣ
峤þòɻð
׵ȻһЦҲǳŰǳķ˹
峤ʶ
濴ŶЦе߹ףҲüʵ
һԵ޲ؿͰǳնɱҶħӦ֪ô˰ɣ
Σ
޲Ҳ֪ڲ֣ܶϾƼΪĸӣ
ʲԼĶʬδԽ֮Էɣ
ħĳޣϾħ
޲ؾɵҲ֪߶ָˣ
޲峤ĺˣħ֮ˣɼȻڼ̨նɱ¶峤ô˭ʶ˭·һ
濴޲أҲԴǵ˵
˿̵ô᲻֪޲ҪֱֲӶֵ̬أ
Ȼ޲ΪУԼƺѾǱ˸Ƶ˷˼ˣ
峤أ
޲һεĿ˰ǳΪղħƺʶǳ
һǳ˵ʲôʲôĻ
ôľͺѿˣ
ֻǶİǳƺһ֮ɫȫѾǴһ䱸״̬
ղ޲ƺûĻ
˼ˣ˻֪ˣ
ǳ޲صĵ޲峤ǾԼĻԼԱ𡣱岻Ķ֡
ʲʲô
һʱ䣬̨ǳﶼǸоһı




3097²ӣ
 

ǳ
ǿߣ
ھȻ˵˵ԼǶħ˵Ķ֣
ħʲôʱôţˣ
޲صӶɳˣ
ŰǳЦһ˸峤ĹϵǷǳȻܹð峤˵֮ˣߣ
濴һԵİǳҲǸϽ峤н飬ɡϾնɱ˰¶峤
˷ҵȿΪ˰峤ȥͷ󻼶Ҷȴ޹ڴˣǰ峤һУǡ
޲üͷһŭ
ǳû˵ֻǲʵѣѲλղû˵

޲ȻҲʶ˲ԣɴӿף
ħˣôأ
ף
һҲǷӦ˹û뵽ǿȴȻǰ֮ˣ
۾ı»Ǻǿȴ
ǳ˿Ҳţ̨ɱ
峤Ķ䵹ͦʹģ˷ħǰ٣ô᲻ﳡأ
ৣ
׵ݻָԭڶͷ֮ϵͫѾʧ
ŶǳӣҲЦ
Ǵ֮еĶ۾ᰡ
ǰû뵽һﾹȻĸ⵨Ҳ̫һЩɣ
˵ⶫ۾첻µز£Ϊ֮˸ҺʥɽΪУ
˵ȷѾ۷˰
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һ˵Ҳ˽ԭǶΪ׿϶ǲˡ
Ͼħ塢ʹǿ߻ڴˣҪǲ·һ
Ǵ˵ıӵ֧ţɱϾ壡
ǿ˵ĵزһͳɽˣҪȵڣ
ֻ˿ͻȻ֮˼̨Ҳһľ㤣
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һΪӶǿߣҲ׵Լɣ
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׵ĳ֣ȷǸ˴˼𺳣
ֵۣ廹㣬֪ɽлƫɽУǱ󵨵һ
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Ϊ֪ۼΪ˶ԸȻ
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濴ףҲǿЦ
ˣ׵ĳֵȷΪһ鷳
һħ壬ʱħʹһìܸ
һԼħϴˢԩ
޲ڿìѾָ˴ˣ
Ȼ
޲ؿҲŭһߣȻˣǱºˣҶĶӣѾ·һˣ
ЦѲֻɱޣͲ޶ĺ󣿣ȻˣǱҪɱˣ
׵Ŀ޲أûзУ
޲Ц˼úúã㻹ְ᱾嵹Ҫ㻹ܲôӲ
ɣô˲Źޣܳ
кâһɨΧ˲Ӱ
磡
˼һɫʥǿߣ˵ɽǿ񶼾ۼˣ
ߣֵ֮ǰʥɽѣһα嵹Ҫ㻹ûôõĻˣֵ۽еͶôҵȵǿԿǷһ·
ǳһתҲǵ˵
˵ʵ
˵һǧ˰٣˭
ǳҪѪУǲ˽ס
峤а޽ɲҪϷġȻλҪ̨ôͬҲ뷨
׿ŰǳҲǵȻ˵
ֵ۹ȻŵĺܣĪΪƾЩˣҪҵԿɣ
ǳЦһʮ㣡
˵֮ǰʥɽЩǵĻôĵѾûˣ
ʥɽ˶Ѿ·ˣ
ܵĻᶼûˣ
׵Ŀһ桢ǳ޲ص׼ĵȷǺְܳ
ףǲҲˣ
޲ؿףѾǳ׵ıˣ
ɥ֮ʹ
޲ؿЩĿ
仰Ӧ޶˵ձһͳɽ֮ʱ
ŭһģһĵ
ֻʵǲףⶫ۾ʲôʸ˵Ļ




3098ҶͶ
 

һͳɽ磡
һȦʱһȻ˿壬ҺĿں
׵ӣڳ˵˶̲סһҡͷ
һĪǷ˲ɣ
ǷӵĻôᵱǿߵ˵ϷԳأ
ֱǸЦ
ֻڸЦ
׵ĻЦֹҪģûмôҪģ
޲Ҳǳħۣ峤˷ϻ̫ࣿȻһ˵ţУǱһЩ̵Ļɣ
ǳ¶֮ɫӹĺܣλҪСˣ
죿ھԵʵǰڹأ
޲زм˵Ͼħ۶ûʶ׵ʵ
ǻͣľϣ
ֻһԵİǳʼոоЩԾ
ȻҲţ壬ɿôŵģһεĻ֮ǰʥɽ飡
ʱҲΪԼԺܿĽһ
أ
ǰϪǿоߣһ߾Ȼûһ˵£ʧˣ
һǿ߷·һ㣬׽
ǰǳȷǣЩǿ߾Χ
ھȻԼ֪ʲôطǳ֮Ҳһɺֱӿ
Ҳǿһ۰ǳ峤Ī㱻һ˰ɣʥɽ֮ˣǾħʹɡ
ţ
ðǳһҡͷ
ţ˭ܹǼһȣ
˻̫ΪǰôöԸĻʥɽλʥǿ߿߰˰ˣ
Ҫħʹһţ
޲ؿŰǳҲСԷ鰡
ǳһǿҲǷŭѣ
ǵȷǼʶ׵ǿᣬȻҲԸ⵱ͷˣ
ʥɽҶҵ峤Ҷ磬˿Ҳԥ
޲غĻҶʱվ˳˵ȻħʹһţǴ˷Χֵ֮Ҷ˳ˣ
˳
ǳüͷҶȻʱӣֱǿɶ
Ҷ絭˵峤ҶԭͲ뵽֮УֵλӮҶҲ޹ϵ
峤ˣŭһʵǸС
޲ЦһҶ磬ǵ˳ҵ֮ʱҶҸ֮ڣ
в壿
Ҷ翴޲أҲһʵ
޲Ĩһ˿ɱвΣԡ
ǳҲǳҶ磬˳²ʰɣ
һԵû˵˳˳ˣһҶҲ࣬ʱֱƽҶңֵܷøԴ
һȺСˣ
Ҷŭһ˵Ψ棡
˵ʵ
ҶԴһ뿪ʥɽ֮ҷ˼
ʵҪģҶԼŮҶޱĹذ
ҶһӣϥҲôһŮ
ԭΪŮ޸˰׼ҵ峤طõĹ;
û뵽ʥɽȻôӵ飡
ԼŮ˵ˣҶΪУô㲻Ҷף
˼ȥҶվҶͶף
ֻҶ綼֪һֱ̲
˼Ҫ֣ҶԭҪѡһ׵İ취Ǿ
û뵽Լո˵һֱӾͷˣ
Сˣ峤ʥɽͽ˲ݰ޲ص˵峤Ż˵ɣ
ҲǳҶѾǰйףȻã
۾ԸҶң
ҶҶһȺˣѾǷɵ׵ĸǰҲǺԥʵ
Ҳסˣ
û뵽ʱȻѱܿ˼·һӦúҶޱѲ˹ϵ
Ҷˣ˵Ҳûʲôʧ
Ҷʲôıƣ׿ҲǵСѣ
׵˵Ҷ峤˳⣬ô᲻أοҶСѣ޵ҲҶΪУ
Ҷ磬㻹ʱ򰡣ܿͻ֪ѡ·һ
ǳҲһѪĸо
ĻûпҶ߰λʥǿѾͶף
˳
Ȼ˿ƲӰ֣ɶʿĴǼİ
һһǱʧʮλʥǿ߰
ħʥǿ޶һʱ֮ڣɱ׼䵳𣡡
ʹһħλǿһɱף
ʥɽλ֮սһɱ
һ̣
սĻѾˡ




3099Ͷߣģ
 

ৣ
ٶλʥǿ̨޾ɱ֮
ɽսһ
ĿŶʥǿߣ˿Ⱥ˿ȥЩεӰֻĸо
rͽѵҲǴҴ
һֱڣǶ֪׵̵ʲôط
壿
ǰһﵽʲôط
˶ֵĻôһ̿ӮĻᶼûˣ
׵ͮҲǵǲѣ
˵ʵߵһҲǲԸ⿴ġ
ǿΪΪѵˣһԼ׵ˣһ׵ˣ
ͮҲֻܹˣ
ϣܹӮȴͬϣԼĸ׿Բ
˵ףħҲǵĸףǵĸĶԴǣ
ǸױϾǸײ
ݣ
׵һץԭڶѾǱǿе˻
˿Լĸ׻
Ҳϲ˱Լĸʧʹޣ
лֵۡħȣ
Ϳף֪ܲ˵˭
ֻʵû뵽ﱸҪԸˣȻ˸ˣ
rһ͵໹Ǹлֵ۰ɣʵǲ̰
׿һԵ㵭˵ö˺࣬޽ˣ̸ཻɣ
ţ
һ̣׵Ļչֳǿţ
ҲǾˣ
˵ʵѾ˸׼
ܹ֮ʿһԼĸףѾĶˣ
ףǲ֪λ۾ʲôƣ
ȻڶǿߵİΧ֮£ôĴݲȣ
ֻڣҲǵǵĿ׵ֵۣǸˣһкñġ
ˣ̸ϣ
׿Ц˼ȻתŶѾǳֳΧ֮Ƶǿߣ
濴ֿһ˿ЦͷȻ治ɫһ˲ţ
ƾҲҪһȻλҪޱһλᡣɡ
׵أΧƾճһڵǿߣ
ʮλǿ߼¼ҡؼԼߵҶ֮ˣ
ߵǿ˲ҲǴﵽһ壡
Ŀ֮޲صҲһľ㵣
һﵽ׶ʲôطģôƾվͳأ
μʥϣ
һǿ߷Ϣĺ֮͸ʣ
ڶʥ۷ǿ߳ߣǼ˵ˣ
ֻǶǰ˻֪ҪԵ˵ʲôһ״
׵ɨһ˵ƽɣһͳɽ磬ɽڴˣһͳĴʱͶߣģߣ
ּ
һǿߺؼҡ¼֮ҲǺȻӦǣ
˵ǻϷǳĿֲĻôǵҲݽһ㣡
ߣȻͶһ壬Ƕ棡
޲ƺûʶԣǰȻ˵
ˣ嶼ÿһۣ
ӿ޲أҲЦһ
ӣΪ߰壬ȻһСС۾֮£˲ݰĸ߰ȥˣ
޲ؿӣҲǿЦֹ
˵͵ͦģֻ֮ʹһ¾Ҫɽˣ
һȻҪ֪Ժ̬õУ
ңǿǵһͳɽ磿
Ȼǣ
ʵӰΧһǿ㽵ǣʱǷĳ
νϣǿһȺں֮ڵľۻѣ
粻ͬĽǶȻҲͲһˣ
Ӱӣ㻹ĻԲѰѲڻгλʥǿߣǱҵһ붼磡޲
һԵҲǵ˵ڶͶĻôһ·
棬㻹ǴԲѰʥϸղŵĻǻûͶߣģߣ
һ̤ҲǺب룡
ô˵Ǽ翹ˣ޲ؼͬʱʵ
ӵ֮зһ˿ɱ仰ǱҪ˵ģ翹ף·һ
û̸ˣȻ˵ĻǾͲҪҵˡ
ŭһһһȻһӣ

ħ塢塢ʹʥһǶˣ
̨һ̶ѾǺ֮ء
ɴС꣬ǿɲԸ⵱С




3100һٿ绢
 

ֵۿǻˣǺοأ
ٶλʥǿߣԻ̨ȻֵӵλʥǿߣǲԵȰ
һ˭ʤ˭Ѿˣ
ɽĸҪ仯˰Ҳһʵǲֵͬ鰡
̨·
һ˵Ʒͷ㣬Ȼλǿ֣߳
˿ûиı˶˵Ŀ
׵˿ʱ⣡
Ҫ֪ٶλʥǿߣԸһλʥǿߣǻ˵
ʵħˣ
ߵˣʵ뷨Ҳǲ࣡
r׵ľȱˣҲһο
ǽߣҲ帶صĴۣ
ħѾˣƴһᣡ
ֻڿҲѾû֮ǰǹơ
ϾôʥǿߣʵоһͷƤ飡
ǿ٣
·Ѿǽ׵Χˮйͨ
r׹ʥϣӦô죿
׵Ŀһr֮ǰ˵ˣ˷뱱ж֣Ǳˣ
ɡҹѡr֮һĨ־֮ɫ
׹һЦǵҹѣͲˣ
rδ׵˵ʲô˼
¡
֮У
һɫ֮ʵһԲѾǺȻ˵ĸǰ
̷һҲһȻķԾ˵Ͽգ
֣
һһεĳ˵֮У
⡭ʲô
޲ؿŶ̷˦һһ״ӣҲһɻ
ԭҪĴһƺҲֹͣˣ
ֻһԵİǳѾǾʧ죬ֹһҪȥ¶Ѱ
Сôţȫնɱˣ
ԭһȻ˰ǳĻ֮ҲŵøϽ
̷ֿ淢ʩҲǵȻһЦˣ
һһŵѾ˲ͬķλ·һһ㣡
ÿγһǽ˰У
Ĵ̷ֵķͦ
׿һӵ˵Ƚ·ƿ֮ƣ
ּ
ӺٺһЦҲǴʮλǿʧһԣ
Цһ峤
ּҲͷƮݳһȥ
׻һ壬·һ룡κߣɱ⣡
׵֮Ĩһ˿ĺȻ֮ɫһѾûκεĹ˼ɣ
һͳɽ磬ڱУ
ײڻѸʱˣ
οҲڲײǽͷˣնɱһôẦأ
ڽȫնɱ׵Ҳû
ֻ˭˭ǾҪǵ׺òˣ
rһͨʩҲӶɳˡ
ֵ񻹸ҷɢж
Ҫ֪˱һ룬һʹõѡ
ɢɱУⱾǱһĴɣ
ֵۺ޹˼ɣһԵգ⵽ʲô
һ·һ·ırڻ̲סʵʥϣȥ¡
ˣֻܿˣ
ҲýͣΪһյ׾ͻˣ
ڶʥǿߣˣֱЦ
Զ
塢ȸһ塢׻һȻʮˣǵսȴĿɿڴ
帺ԭʴʮ˹
ҲЦһħ弸ʮλǿ߾ȥ׼ˣ
ɵԼһȺͷųǵʶʱŵĸϽͷˣ
ͷˣһħǿȴ޷ͷˣ
צֱɨħ֮УԭЩҪΧħǿߣʮλʥ۷ǿߣǶˣ

֮гֵȫצ뼫Ʒɽײֻһ̣˶ˣ

ʮλǿߣֳѹ֮ƣ
Ҫ֪ԵĿǼʮλħ𰡣ʮһȻ׷żʮħǿڴ򣬼ֱǲ̰
̶̼֮ڣ
ħ徹ȻӶ˾λʥǿߣҼǱĸץ֣
״֮ң˿ҲһĴĿģ
ʹһǱ߼Ҳǳֳ̬ͬƣ
һֹ֮ħ塢塢ʹһѾ𳬹ʮλʥǿߣ
۶·СֶӣȻһս
ֲ˹
Ⱦ飬ˣ󲻳ɣ
һʱ䣬ԭ·Ȼ˷֮ˣⲻò˵һּķˣ
rͽѡ͵վں󷽣ǿȳ°Ҳ쾪ˣ
ʲôʱôˣ




3101Ʊ
 

ȥ⡭ʲôʱôˣ
ֱֹʥǿո
Ŷ೤ʱ䣿Ȼ˲ʮλʥǿ߰
ҵѽʥǿ֮ĶԾʵֲ̫һɣ
Ŀɿڴ
̨Χ۵ˣ˿ҲǱŷһľ֮
̫ˣ
ʥǿ֮ɱ¾ûô໨ڵĶ
ǳֻ֣׼ݣ
ÿһУƼ򵥣ʵѾǴﵽ˵Ƿ켫ĵز
ֻԭ˶Ϊս޲ʤĽȫһ

Ѿǳֳ֮ƣ˵ôȥĻʧֻʱ⣡
Ц֮ǰȻΪȻܹսʤ֮أ
˭֪ྐྵȻ֮
Ҳѹ˼Ҷ۾ôˣ¼ֱǻһ㰡
죬£
޲һԵİǳҲЩεѵ!
ѾΪһЦ
νȻӲʹ
Ȼһ˿˿ķ֮ûУ
Ƚðǳ޷ܣ
˿̣
ʣµĲһٰʮλʥǿһ¶֮ɫҲǿٵĺһ
ֻٿǣѾû֮ǰֵʹˣ
ôܣʲôʱôˣ
Щ΢΢ƺûлع
һԵ޲Ҳ¶ɫղŹ۲һ£ǡǰ֮˾Ȼûһʵʥ֮µġ⡭Ҳֲ̫˰ɣ
ܣܣô̵ʱڣôܻôܣ
ǳ˿ҲЩϢˣоԼһѹؿЩ
峤֮ǰ㲻˵Ǻܲ𣿻ǱƵˣʵôҪߣ
޲ؿŰǳҲקŰǳĸ첲ŭһʵ
Ҫ֪ôǿĻ¾ɱһҲ
ǳŭ˵֮ǰʥɽȷģʷħ
ǡģ
Ʒ磬˿ҲɵһĿŶ棡
Ļ֮ǰɱ¾𣿼ֱǱ۰
׷Ķ涼ҳȥˣǶ˶Ѽˣ
ǡô죿޲ؿŰǳ棬ѾЩˣ
ô죿ǻô죿ҪôƴɱȥҪôѲΪǼһﻹŹҪ֪һǿǷѾĻҪնɱڼ̨İ
Ѿ·ˣ
֪첻ܹնɱ׵ĻʱһrǻΪħ۳εĵ۾Ļô֮ˣ
ɡô򰡣֮һ廹δѾǱѹĴ˰
޲һ̾Ҳ쳣
ǳ̾һΣͶѾǲˣΪֻ֮ˡһô·ҵΧɱΣ
ֻôˣ
˼ͬʱͷΪЩ˶Ϊ׶ս
һ߱ܵĻôȫͲһˡ
ƣڲǸЦ
νƣѾǲˡ
ʮˣֱӽ·ֱǲҲ̶ã
˲ͱˣ
ǳϣ
ֻǴ˿̣ʣµǰʥǿһ䣡
˭ȥ
飬ֵˣ˵ĵǲֻҪնɱˣʣµͺ˵ˣ
Ŀ⽥䣬һԵҲǳ
ʦ磬ģǰǳϹˣ
ЦǺǵ˵˿Ҳǻָ˱Ŀ
ǳԭΪ˵ǳܣû뵽⻰δ䶼ѾǱ˸ˣ
һһֱӳԼķɱǳҲͫȻһ
һԵ޲طǵûǰæսİΧȦ
Ϊ֮ǰսǼģ
ȻĿǰǳҲܰŰǳӵɣ
ο
˱ܿǾһʱǷԼѾǱʶ
һҲ޷潣ˣ
ԭĻսƺһʱֹͣˣɱԱ֮սˣ
һ̣עȶ׵ϣ
һ˵ħۺʹһ
ʵɽ磬Ҳֻǰλ۾ô˰ɣ
ֻλ۾˵
rЩɲĿŲԶѾɱ׺޲أҲһļ
֮ǰľڵϣʮ㣡
rоԼҲǾ֮粨һ
̬ȶ˲٣
ˣΪʲô֮ǰ˵ѡҪ
˿ѡ˸ףޱӢһ
Զ֮ϣ
ӰѾǾһ¹˭֣˶ڴһ֮ս




3102´ݹ
 

֮У
׵Ӱ֣Բ׽
޲һһңҲǲ˿Ĵ⣡
ǰλ۾ǵ֮
οǾ˵ʱˣ
Ӯˣǰɹâˣǰһg
֮䣬˭ָҴֺأ
ͫ
ŭһ£һɫĹâ˲ûˣ
޲ҲǲʾĿе˼䣬һҫ۵İ׹⣡
׹ֱӻһ֮޲صУ
֮
˶Ϊĸ֣Ȼûκε!
һʶһʵӲ
ֻǶЦһʶֱͫ
ӵŻʣľܹ֮˵
ο׵֮򣬸ͫĴڣ
ȥɣ
޲ŭһıʮ
ʹһʥǿߵҪ֪ͨʥǿ߲ѣʮѾǼˣ
ͻȥĻǱĳΪǿˣ
ҫ۵İ׹ʹ˵۾ɶ˵ȹСƶѣ
׿޲طɶ˻һĳԼҲһӣ
˲Ұ
һƬڰ֮УһѷƺҪһ㣡
ʽһ
ʹһѾϤޱˡ
ֱǿɱУ¶޲֪Ҳɣ
ֻʱȥĸܣ
ݣ
޲صĴ֮ɢĽڼ̨ϿջһĻߣ
ֻ⽣ոյִ׸ǰ˲䣬׵ηƾʧһ㣡
޲һֱ˿գվԱߵİǳͫһ
ôϤĳ
ǳĿŶ޲ؾŭ޲峤СģӹĺܣʶȻҲ޷
Ǽһﵽȥˣ
޲ػܣͷƤҲһķ飡
޲أС棡
ͫȷĺܣȻǰԤе׹λã
һüĹûֹͣ
ǰԤУ޲ؾҪڵˣ
¡
һɫĹâ֮们䣬ǰĽǧɨһС
̨֮ϣΧ˽Բ
޲ȻѣûܹȫĶ׵Ĺ
ǽɨ޲صϣŪơǱ
޲첲һĽڣ˿ŻļƤ
ĵͦ죬޵ҪһΣǷܹһΣ
׵Ĩһ˿ĺ⣬˿̵޲Ѿĸսˣ
ӣ
޲Ψһ뷨ߣΪѾǸо˴ȥζ
ǰһֲ̫ˣֲ˲ֱӶԿͷˣ
޲һʶ׵ĻѾͶˣֵõϣ
޲һֱûи׽Ӵڿ˴ɱķĳһֻڲĸо
ħۣҷֹң
޲ؿź棬Ҳǵ
ã޲ǲ˰޲峤ҵȶϣҲܡֻмֵˡ
·ˣʵһҲǳ׵ıQˡ
ֻͶ·֮£ֻвһ·ˣ
ħŽڰ˽ħ죡
濴ףҲǷĵռ֮еʹԼƽǿľѧ
Ⱥħ裡
һ̷·óķǷֱֽ׵ķɱȥ
rףҲʶ˵ʥϣħŽǿѧҪСһЩ
ݣ
Ц֮ʣһĿɿڴ鷢ˣ
޲زδŵһɱףȻˣ
ܵǺף
޲سż̨·۶ȥҲڵ
һ￴˰

̨ҲǷһľ֮˶Ǵ۾ĿǰһУ
ǰﱻ֮ڵʹһλǿߣ
ǿǵһ̾Ȼ֮ززһҲǳ׵ɵˣ
˿̺ûһϲƨˣ
ֻⷢȥĿħŽѾ޷ջˣ
ЦһҲһεĻԼе޷潣
ĽΧ˲䱬
һһķһ̾ǱвһıŪķ飡
ۣ
˶֮ǺȻλޱȵħۣѾǿѪ˵ϣƺ˲ᣡ
޲صƺ漫Ĵ
һҲΪ޲صߣ׵ˣ
ץ
ԭ׼ֱնɱ棬ջǻӻסλħĵ۾
Ҫ֪Լʥڵʵʱҵǳ
Ѿʥڣնɱ£
һץһӣ
Ҳǳ׵ľˣԭΪĿ֮սû뵽Ȼ˵Ľ֣
һߵİǳѾǱĲˣ
˵һ߽̾ˣ
ݹ࣡
׽˲һʱʱ䣬ͽ׵Ļ
һͳɽǰ
̨һҲǳ׵˳Ĭ֮С




3103´Ѷ
 

̨ϣ
˭֮ǰ׵նɱڼ̨֮ϵ
ȻǱӲĸݻˣ
ȴݻ٣һ㣡
ʹһ֮һӰм峤޲ؼӰߣ
ʥɽһ׼ҵ峤ǳѾһϢ
ħ壬λ߳ƷһħۣҲǱܣ
䣡
һ̻ͷ
˵µɽĸѾǳ׵Ķ˻
׸ֶӭż֮ĺ磬ȴǴһӵЦ⣡
ڣ׿ŲԶ飬Ҳǹ
ڣ̱ȭ
֮Ʈһ˿ɱʹһӰм峤޲ؼӰͼߣ޴ɱ⣡
ּ
鿴ףҲǺȻӦǣȻѸٵʧ˵ĸǰ
λǸǿߣλвףλǻͷǰ޲Ըλ⼫֮ߣ
ɽ𻢣
׵ĻҲ͸޾ĺ⣬ֻ⻰һɪɪ
ȥ
ο֮ǰһɱ¾֮κεʱǰλ׵۾Կ
ûУ
ǰλɱ˲գ۵Ķ۾ˣᣬǿ϶ʮľ氡
ߣʥѾ¶ּȻлʸһʱ˼Ը齵Ҵ׵۳ߣվߣǲԸ齵ߣվұߣ
֮оĮ
ǴķǳˬҲɽһսˣһսȷǿģ
˵սҲҪɽʷˣ
λʥǿߣȺ䶯ĵĳ棬˭ܲأ
˵ۼֻ֤˵ǿҲܹó˵ĳˡ
ˡ³ӰԸʹ֮һ˵ȳ׵۾
³Ӱд˿Ҳǳ׵Ъˣ
޲ؼӰоȻֱˣΪ峤ȻһĵûУ
³ӰѰ˼ǣȻ㲻ʣǱ㲻ҪҲˣ
Ҳ֪ڲͶǽ϶Ǹ
ħλֵܣ治ġкȻܣλһ³𣿡
rסԼĵһĨ˷ܺͼ֮飡
Щԥħ֮ˣҲһȻ˵
һֱ˵ԭǴ͵͵һʲôġ
ڼһ֮Ҳıܿ꣬ڶû֪ħԭ׵ˣ
꿴ԥҲͨһֱӹߵ֮浹ʩࡢкɥȨʵڲħ塣ҵȲ׷ħ׷׵۾ܺùһûϢħȥðɣԸ˳׵۾
ҵҲԸ⳼׵۳˳׵۾
Щħ֮˲ԥѣΣ˭Ըȥأ
΢΢ͷȻrħ
ʥϡrһ˷ܵĿס
׵ĿһrħԸִħǬҴ׵۳½
лʥ¡ħ۳ӴԺħʳܴ׵۳ơ
rʵ֮ǰˣֻһֱΪײܳɹģ
ĳɹˣҲ
΢΢ͷã͡ѡ
΢ڡ
ͻǽѣǶֽٺϲ֮У
׺ǵ֣ǵܲأ
޲ΪħʳϮ档ΪħʳħǳϮ棡
һҲǾĿǣrһҶ󲢷Ǻ¡
ʵһֱҲ˼⣡
Լɽ磬ǿһ
ԺԼأ˲֪ԼԴɽĻʱԼļǵ۳أ
ʵײ붼֪ܱˣ
ڵԼԼ߻˶ԼԼߵмѡ
һԼһԵǱǽƣ
ԭŵǣһͳɽңԶɵʱЩˣ
ΪһԼһͳɽ磡
ŵʱҲͲԶˣ
µԼ뿪ɽ磬ԭصҰı¶ɣ
лʥϴͺͽҲ˷ܲѡ
һԵúͽҵһ˵Ҳ˷ܵļ
ЦŰڰ֣ȻʥɽˣҶ峤ҶȥɣԺʥɽҶ˭飬ɹޣ
Щʥɽǿߣ׾󿴵èһ㣡
аͺɽˣǸһЩƵĸо
̫ˣ
Ⱥݽɫʵǲ˼ҲƽѾˡ
˿̵аͺɽﻹʲô飿
ʵһ̿ʼ׵ÿһ仰ɽ֮˵ʥּˡ
أ




3104ɽһͳ
 

ħ۳Ļʹ֮У
ʱĵ۳ǵƻͨħٵ֮գҲħĳ֮ʱ
ôҲû뵽Ȼߵ˵Ľ֣
ǰһ̻ҪϷ½ϧԼŮΪۣ
һ̣оǱĴˣ
ڵ棬ȥһոʧʧǵһ㣡
֮У
֮ϣ
ȻrѾǹΪħʳĵ۾ߣҲ൱һһ㣡
ο˭֪ûǣƾħҪɹĽǼǲܵ飡
ħ峾أҲϣһ׵۳ԺúȥδӰ
˵ʵһһҪã
ҶҶ磬ߵֵۡ
³Ӱаݼֵۡ
Ҷʥɽƶˣ³ǼӰмĸ峤ƺҲѾָӵöǰˡ
޲ؼӰе·˼Ϊ̵ӡ
޲˶һ±ƣ
Ļǻָܹڿôһʱأ
ûˣ
һԭһߵĽȴǷ֮һߵʵţ
׿һҶλɣּ⣬Ҷ峤Ҷ׵۳ʥɽС񣬿ɵʥɽһԴ
ҶղʱѾ˵һ£
ҲֻΪ׵۾ô˳һ˵ѣ
ڽħĹ֮УһƺĿʼ䲼ʥּ!
ʥּ
ǿɾǰָֽӡˣ
Ҷ̹µҶĳʵģȲؼҺ¼ңʥϡ
ؼҺ¼аţ޽һصҶңϣҶܹ϶ԵҴ׵۳¶Եʥɽ
ҶҶ綨ϹᣬлʥΣ
Ҷ˿Ҳ֪ʲôԼĵһӼ֮ˡ
˵ʵҶĵõʥɽӵְλĻô׬ˣ
֮ǰҶҪҶˣ
ֻĽʵûõ
ЦһҶ峤ϤʥɽҲĵ¡峤ͺ峤Ӧòʧġ
⡭ҵȶȫЭҶ峤ʥϷģ
аͺɽղʵѾ˵
ֻ׾ôһ˵ֻǾбҪܵҶҵĽƶѣ
ҪĵһߺңаǺɽȻǷǳĲˬģ
ǰ׼ҵ峤ǳʵҺͺҲģ
׵ĳڱҶҶȨֻܹӣǵҲһıƣ
ûκεİ취
²òͷ
׵˵һͳɽ磬Ҳ޾ȷʲô˻Ժɽ缸ɴ׵۳һͬϽλֻҪܺԼĵ̾ͺˣκεҷߣλӦ֪޵Ƣġ
ЩûбնɱҲһĺ䡣
Ȼ֪׵۾϶˵Լģڵȷûκεʱ׶Կ
˷޷ŹǣҲϣܹ;֪˭¶˵Ļǵʱ޿ɾͲɱ벻ɱô򵥵ˣ
׵ϴһ˿ɱ֮
³ףҲǹʥϷģҵȻȥԺȻʹ˼ʹӴ׵۳ĵǲ
³ӰС
׿ŶĿ³ӰУħѾrִƻȨ
ҲҶԲ˵ˣ
ʣµҲǸʹһˡ
׶ʹһ廹Ĳʮֵ˽⣬³Ӱ׺Լ֣ҲǴ˼Ѫһ̵³μʥϣ
ԥһȻ¶һ˿Цݵ³Ӱּ޲Ϊʹһ峤׵۳ʹÿǧѲħ塢塢춯
࡭ʹʥ⡭
³ԭΪ׸Ŀ϶ǹ֮֮ˡ
û뵽׵۾Ȼһְ
׵˵Ȼһͳɽ磬Ψһ뷨ȥ׷ѰϵĴڡչ꣬Сǵʱޱչسɽһţޱʣ
³ʥ¡ɽ磬ɽ̫ƽ
³оļµְϵȨ
ֻǿ³֪׵뷨ײ໥ǣưˣ
ղ˵׷ѰĺչأҲ۷ѣ
ڼ
ʱ۷֮⣬ʵ벻ʲô취ܹʱסˣ
˿̣Ҳǽһɽһ׶ε顣
ֻ˶ڿ³ͻȻ֮Ϊ׵۳ļʹЩĺܡ
Ҳ֪³ԺܲǾͲҪˣ
棬ײδɱˣǷʵҲڻϸǧʱ䡣
ħķײľΪ˼ҲѾˣ
ɽһͳ
Ҳûκεĺ֮ǡ
֮󣡣
״һǿ»ص˴׵۳ѾΪʱ׼ˡ




3105׼
 

ɽһͳ
˵ѾԤ֮е飬ɽ֮£ʱҲûʲô̫
ǳ֮˵Щüޡ
ˮ֮Ҳǽѡ
һŮʵǿ֮ҲȣҪʱûϣ
ŵǣŮɽ̹
ҲиӦǣ
׵۳ĳ֮У
һ˵ȿ׹ҲǻȸԾ˷ǰħ屨𣬸һͳɽ磡
ڴ׵۳ĳ˵ǿɶǸһȵĴڰ
һͳɽ磬Ǹ׵۳ְ˵ǾǱļӹٽ
ϲʥһͳɽ硭
׻ص۳ʹ֮УɽХѾǴ뵽ĶС
׿ЩɫҲûʲô˵һվɣ°ɣ
֮У
һ֮ϣֻһߵ˻Ĳ࣡
ԼŮ֮⣬ĶһЩ桢ȵȡ
Щڴ׵۳ҲνǷˮ
ټңԼѲɲڵǸʲôĸ
ʥϣһͳɽˣ
濴ףҲǼʵƺڻЩŵĸо
Цŵ棬Ժ׵۳ý˴˴λǰһ´µġ
ĪվһԿʵף㲻ִ뿪˰ɣ
ɽ磬൱æ
˵ʱ֮ڴ׵۳ʱ䣬ǶĶĶడ
һ㳿ռܲϵҲ۰Ͱ͵Ŀף
εĿЦһ̣ҺģֻʣһƲл֮С
ţҪ𣿡
Ī̵˿׵ӣǵлһЩƣɸĻǸж
οǽˮΪǿ
ϣԾˮôܻܾأ
Ȼˣ
ײδ˵飬ڳҲһЩ˶ѣ
ɽ֮Ѿ˶ϣҵ˼ˡɸΪ֮ĶƺֻС
׿ˣҲǳ
ǡǽлټ𣿡
Ī̵۽֮ҲˮڲͣĴת
˵ʵ֪һԶ
磿
һôңɼĵطȻ֪ţ
װأ˿¾ûˣ
ɽôҲֻаǺӰ׵İ֮²ŷ硣
ûףŷ
ǰʥһ磬ԺҵʥϾҪ
Ҳ̾һ˵ʵΨĽʵķˡ
׵˵Ƕ޵ˣôȶȥأֻ֮·̹;ܶ黹ҪŬ
ʥԼǣ츳֮²ǿͿԵġҲǴ˵
׹һЦʱг̰ɣֻҪҲʲô¡ˣеһʱ֮УͿǵܹһʲôˡ
ǰһ
ԭΪԼչ֮ûлˣ
ôҲû뵽Ȼһ
Ļǳ
ʵҲôģԼҪз磬ʱԼ֪أ
ԼЩŮ˺ʵǿһЩǵʱǻԷԱֶΪأ
գ
ŮߣҲǼ
׷֮ǰʱ֮Уǿײ
ЩĿżŮ˵Ȱʶ꣬ȴû׹Ѫ⵹Ҳ޵һ¡ʱ䣬ôҲΪһһЩ𣿹
˵֮һԵЩŮҲһɫ죬Щֱܲһڣ
浹һ˵׳ȿȿȣȡȻʥλﻹҪɽǡǳȾиˡ
Цŵ֮޾ǰѺѰһµǱУλʱͬȥǡ
ּ
ҲǸϽ£ⵢ׵ǿɾͲ̫˲ǣ
ο˵ɽԽǾԽ
״˿Ҳ鿺ܣ˵ʵɽôǷ鿪ʼԼŮ˹ңˡ
µʱ⣬ҴҶ
Ȼʱݣȴǡ
ɽ翪ʼɵĽһȫµʱʱ׳Ϊһģ
еĴ涼Χλ֮еĴ׵۾˵š
Ȼ˿̣
ȴŴ׵۳һ˵ȼʧ˭Ҳ֪˵ȥʲôط
˴׵۾״Լ˹ˡ
һ𣿵Ȼǣ




3106ֵƷķ
 

Ѻ
νĶѺʵϾⶫ۳Ĵ
ΪʲôҪⶫѺѰһطΪľϢ뿪ɽѣ
ĶǳĴҪһ㲻ۼ뿪ɽƺҲ̫ܣ
Ҳֻܹĵ͵һЩ
Ͼ˷֮ʵ̫֪࣬ˣ̫ã
Ѻ
׺ڿͥŲһ㣬һ˲ϵĳźȥ
ȷ˼뿪½ʱ򣬺֮лһЩ˳û
½֮󣬼ǿһˣ
ż·ҲǴҴҶȥûκεͣ
״ʱԽԽԶʶҲǲϵš
Ҫһµǲʲô£Ǿ뺣ԽԶѰҹµƺԽף
ˣ
׸оԼ붫½ѾǷǳңԶˣҲǸ·һȥǵһСȥ
ڸ߿֮пȥСµ֮ʱҲǲС
¡
˫̤һƬҲһֺʵĸо
֮У
˶ڴĿףһǿߣڵǼȼͣ

׿ΧһۣĿͣ˷ˣ
ʱ֮κ˿¶Ҫĺܣ
˵˻ҪͨԼʵﵽٽ֪ĵزĻôѾǴﵽˡ
֮ǰδǰħ֮ʱΪƷȷĽѣ
Ҫȴ־öһˣ
׵ĽкҲ̹ʥϣҡ
ǣ˷ѰһԶ½֮أΪϢ뿪磡׵һЦܿ޴зȻ󿴿طβΡ
Ʒ
ҲˣȻΪƷоƷʵֵ̫ˡ
ϿлʥϣһԼĶҪˣһҲϲ
ӳ
¼˭ϣԼĶгϢأ
ڵķǿɲгϢˣһǿҲʮֵҡ
ǿ˵ΪУҲ֪³ʲô
ͳȹ񹤵ֶΣǱ㲻ǿмܵסģ
ҲǳΪ׵ĳӣܶǲ֪ġ
Ļǿ»Щνһɵһ֪Լôأ
࡭лʥϡ
ļֳ˿ҲûвĽˣ
ɿ˿ԼĶӣȻ׵ʥϣڴȸһлʥϾˣ
һж֮ˣټԼĶӼҪм֮ʵ֮Ҳһĵǡ
Ͼɽٿɲʲôٷ֮ٵİյֵģ
׿ŷɺͷʵѾﵽȲΣȥʵҲûж塣οҲҪλһ𣿡
һ̣
塢ؼҡ¼ҵڣǵɫҲǼ
ʵϣҲҪܷɹ
ǳɹˣ˵һαľ鲻
ʥϣѾ׼ˣһʥ϶ᣡ
˫ֱȭҲ׹
׹һֵȻѾ׼ˣӦ׼ıȽϵĳְɣ
ʵ˵ʵҲûκεľ飬ʥϼЦˣ
ҲεЦЦν׼˲ѣ
׿ŷһɽپ£Ūֱӱ׺ɱҲǺпܵġοΪ壬ҪӵѶһЩ
⡭һҵ֪ҵڷɽ֮ʱһġ
֪ܲеĵ
ֻԼϣ˭Ҳǻһģ
׿ŷ˵ŵҲǲأȻ뾡һа취Ϊɽٿٵ·ģ
ʥڣ޽֮⣡
ƺҲӲͷƤ˵ɽٶţ㻹ɶܽŵģ
һӲ֮ҲһЦ֮
ٰɡ
ԭЦҲʧȡ֮ǽֱӴ֮⣡
˿̣
ⶫѺĳµ֮ϣһһԵôͻأ
ûκεԥѾǽԼıչֳΪ֪ɽٿɲǹҼң
Լõ״̬ɽ٣ԼôĿ¶֪
壬ȻͬʱʱͿռ䷨Ӧþͻˡ
׿Ŷݴһ˿֮ɫķҲķĸ첲
ĵͷһĭ֮˻ҲǷһȵ
ͬʱ
⺣֮ϿϮܿһƬЩ
ĿԶʱ֮ϹƮһɫɵĽƣ
ʽƣһӳ뵽ǵ֮С




3107ʽ
 

ʽƣ
ɵ˴˿ѾǰͲסĴ֮˳
˻һЩأ
弸Ⱥ˵ĻǱ޹˼ˣ
ʦ磬ȻʽƣҲǹõİ
鿴ŷѾǰǽƵ·ҲЦǺǵ˵
һԵķҲЩƵʵʥϣʽӦúһɣ
ǺǿĽˣ
׿ŷɣҲǳ
ɽٳɵʱǱɽ߲ʽɣǲĿ飡
ҲԼĶӾ߲ʽ֮󣬾ԼĶӺǱģ
ʽƣЩźˣ
峤Ӧ֪Ƶɣ
׿ŲԶķƶɽ֮ǰҪīһʱ䣡
ҲٱȽԻһطóֵ׼Ȼʹ
Ƶƺмأ
ɿףҲǿЦһ
һԵӵͷʵһֱҲţ˵ֻǶĽ֪֮࣬ĽҲ˵һЩǵúӦٰ߲ɣ
ǰҲ߲ٲΪģӦǺһİɣ
ɿף֮¶һĨʧ֮ɫ
ɽ߲ɽ٣ڵȻ䵽٣һβһΰ
ֻǷҲ֪ԼҲ̫ˣ
ԼĶܹ磬Ѿ붼ˡ
׿ŷɣҲ峤ĪҪС١ٶڶ˵ѾǼΪֲˣǺӦö֪ɡ
Ȼ֪
ɿһȻӣҲ֪Լ⿴ƺˣ
һԵӿŷɵǺʥɽ׼ҵĳǿߣҲͨĵɫƶѣ
ܹʽƵҲĸ⣡ɫһ
ʥϣǼСʲôΣհɣ
ɿףҲǼæʵ
׿ŷɵʱҪλǣٹ֣ɫΪͨĽƣɫڵɫɫٸһЩ
ƺɽһģһɵͷ
ٺɽΪƣѶȱ֮ɽҲͬն߷ɵĸǰٷ֮һĻôɽǿ߳ĸʱֻ֮һʮ֮һ
׿ŷɺӵ˵˵
ӵͷ⵹Ҳ֣ʥҵȻܶ˵壬ܹ֮мأǿɶǴܼﰡ
ҲȻ΢΢ҡͷʵɽЩơ
Ŷɽʲôͬ
ҲڴĿףΪǴ˷ǶɽٳɹȥҲһĨڰ
Цŵʵûʲôֻͬɽ˶Ÿ߲εĵطɴ絽ɽ֮ʵӦҲˣ
⵹ҲǣҵɽеȷΪأʥԣʱҵҲ˳羴ɽǿߵģҵҲѾǵɽĶ壬оô¶ѣ
ӵƺҲéٿҲЦ
׿ӵ˵ȷˣǰ·صԶһµĲΣһмǴ㿪ʼϣгһܹλطɣ
ҵҲڴʥطһ죡
ӵҲڴ˵˵ʵǶ׵ĸоЩ֪ôȥݣ
׵ȷǸǺܴѹȣҲǱвȵ֣
ɸָ֮оܿʧӰ٣
һǿ߶׳˳羴ǳ羴
طꣿ
ڴ֮һˣ
ڷڼҲ֪ȥ޸Ƽһ㣬ǶǸӵˣ
׿˵죬ҪطҲ¡ԵȶȻлһε꣡ǻԹɣʽƱ֮ɽɽʱ߲ʽƵѶȲ಻Ӧ֪ʽΪθ׼ʱ˰ɣ
ʲʲôɵɫ৵һ¾Ͱˣ
׳ʽܹɽʵѾǺܺˣɽʷ֮Уʽƺ߲ʽƼǾһĴڡ
ǡΣˣɺȸһ˱ʮֵأ
̾һͨĶɽ޿Աȹȥ޾Ͳܱ֤ˣʼˡ
ৣ
Ŀһ̶ѾǼе˷֮ϣ
¡
׻֮ʣ
һһĽɫѾһƬɫƲ֮пй
ԭµ˲䱻һɿֲѹ֣Щ




3108  
 

й
ǳƵĵöѺ򸽽Բ֮ڶһƬ궯֮ɫ
еЩһ¶ԼԴȴŵֱˮײҳˣ
ٵѹɽܹƥкͿģ
䣡
ǵɫ罫ԭѾǻҰһƬĿռյ˲͸
֮бһɾζɣ٣Ҳһٵʲôζ
δ䣡
ɫѾǴ˷ͷ˿̷Ͼ͸һ㣬ë
ȸ
һ̸оǱϴһȥϵëɲѣ
ڷϻһɺζ
ȿȿȣ
˿̣ԶȥȥҲûʲôֻЩǱ
㡭û°ɣ
ɿԼĶӣ֮г˵֮ɫ
Ȼķɶڷʮֵڷɽ٣һ̷ɵĸһεķ
ףŷݸһЦĸ״ˣûµġⲻɫƶѣ뵱ɽٷʱǿɫء
֮ǰɵ뷨һ
ֻɽٺͬն
ɽٵżͣٵżǱ֮ɽҪ̫̫߳ˡ
˵ɽٵ߲ʽƱ֮ʽƣҲ˺ܶģ
ԼĻҲĪˣ
İɣĸ״ˣȻǱһЩɺȴøûʲôء
Ц˵ԭΪжôĿֲأ
ĽӴ֮ŷʵԭûеôֲ
һ飬ٷǳֲ׳ʵҪɹɽٵĸʿһɶ
֣
֮ǰ沿ǽһɣоһԼɽٳɹԺĽˣ
ɾԼʱȴһجİ
ˣ
һɶ
˿̿ףгǲƣ
Σģ
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һɡ
׼ȷĸʱԭҰ׵ɫԵǺѪɫˣ
ʥϣ֮ǿǾԵŰȳžȻһɶû𣿡
ҲǳԾĿףЩ˼⣡
Ȼ֪Ѷɣһɲĸʣʵ̫̫˰ɣ
ʽƣΪΣô׳ʵ
ʥϣԼ˵ˣǺǿӻЩƵʵ
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ҵȡҵ޶ڶɽٻǱȽɣɽٵʱɵģ
˵ҲǶԵģ޶ɽٵȷޱȵģ
ȴһˣ
ٱ֮˵ѶȾҪֳαˡ
׳һɵĸʣѾǺܸˡôöɵĻôٻһô

˾ƺЩΣʱڷͷ֮Ѿɢ磡
ֻ缲һ֮һҪ׳һֹ
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缸ͬʱ˷ϣԭЩмķ˿ͫҲһ
˱ɳȥüԶ
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һǵˣ׵ĻоԼʱܱƸûһ㣡
ӵŷɰڰֵĸ״ˣС
峤ǰ赣ǣֵȥĻôʽҲˡʵ鷳ؿ
׿ŷɣһεĳ
پأ
ÿһضһÿһص֮֮ǰҪϲ١
һʵڳ˶˵˸ɽٲ̫
ҲΪʲô˶ٲ̫ηһԭ
οʶģ
ټһνӣ˵̬
ϣܶɹȥɡ
Ҳûκεİ취ˣ׵ĻԭԷµһεᵽɤ棡
һء
ڶء
ء

ٵϴ
ٹ󣬷ᵽٵĿֲ
ľԼϵĻڲҲǲˡ
ŵٰ滹ٰ
˿ŷÿһ֮ɫƺѿһ֣ҲʶٵĿֲ֮
ɣҲ죡
ŵڰһεĴ֮лҲǿЦ˼ֱӶ˹ȥ
ֻǷȻ˵֮ͣѾһľ




3109  ׳֣ɹɽ٣
 

µ֮ϣ
ȸҲǳٿȥ
٣
Ҳüͷһ壬һﲻҪǣ
ȷŸָصı죬ȸһҲˣ
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׿ŷ֧֧ӣҲǳʵ
һ׵৵һ»ʥϣ⡭ȸһı֮һУǿ˵Ĵˣɡŵڰذ
ֻǰ˰
̾һͬʱ֮Ѿǳ׵
һʱ˷ԣ
ʥϣ⡭ʲô
ӵ˿ĪֶΣҲһĿɿڴ
ʵ̫˼ˣ
ΪԸоٵƺڱԭٵǷڴ֮ҲǺ
ԭҪȵھٵʱڳֵģ
ƺЩ֧ţû뵽
Ϊ˲һεĶɽٳʲô̫⣬ֵǰˡ
˵ڰټ׿һ룬֮ٲҲ̫󣡣

ŷö˶˵վǱߣҲǳѾֵ˵ڰ٣ھҲ԰һ֣ھٵҪСˣɰڴһ١
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٣ǹۺʹ󺣵Ĺϵһ㣡
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ӵ˴˿̿٣ǵ֮Ҳû֮ǰĨȻ
ȡ֮ıǶٵ磡
ŵǶɽٵʱӦñ֮Ҳòȥɣ

һ𺳵һĨϽɫգ˲쳹棡
һ֮Ҳͬʱ𣡣
ȸף
һĻԭովҪݵΣˣ
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ˣ׵ƺҲǲ̶ͬȵЩˣ
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ԼΨһĶҪ֪ľԼĶڵôˣ
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ӡɽ˿ǰһУǵ֮оһĨ֮ɫ
׳Ȼ֪ǿߵһжôһֻǿ߲ܹʩչĳɣ
Ƿأ
ӵƺҲʶڸʱ
׿ŲԶǳصȸ֮һڵϣ·ʬһ㣬Ҳ΢Լ۾ֻҪڼһᣬͳɹˡ
һ᣿⡭ô˵ûɼʵ
׵ͷɽĲͬӦþˡɽֻҪɹˣֻҪǸʱ㻹ûֱӷȴһڣȻʱ̣ܶȴҪ˺ܶ˵
ǡǻҪ೤ʱ䰡
ڷ˵ÿһ붼Ǿ޴ļ尾
ݸһЦȸһųƲ񣬷峤Լ廹ǲŰѵ峤ûпѾʼɢ𣿡
Զ֮ϣ
ԭѹѾǻȥȡ֮һʵĸо
ˣ
һԲεĹֱס˶ķܿǷ㾭ԡԭ˿ۿɼٶȲϵţ
֮Уһ𣬷·زã֮ţ
ʥϡĸ״ˣλѣǣ
ƺһǿϵĳſקţԭҪ׵˵ġ
ƺκ˵Ŀƣ
֮£֪ԼҪɽڴһҲˡ
ԣ˵ĸ֮
ŷ뿪һ˵Ȳδ˵ǵ֮гףʣµıĽ֮ˡ




3110  ˵Ľ
 

磡
ԭ˻ҪŷǱȡһЩء
ûеȵѾǰŽһͬʧɽ磡
ɽٳɹ
һ˼ģ
ͬʱ˶ҲǸӵΩǴˣ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ֮ǰǿ֮ĩڶɽ֮дĸо
أ
˼ֵӲǽ
뿸Ҳֵȴһ˼ҲԿҿĶ٣
ڳ֮˶ɵӣѵͻõٻᰲȻ
ڳ֮û˸ұ֤Լɽٷʱܹʲô۶ӣ
һ޴ıԱߣɽٶ˵Ҳܷɺܶˡ
ʱû׼ܹӵĸһЩҲ˵أ
ΣھǵĹǣ
ܶ˶֪ûף˵ʲôɽٷˣʥڣºܶⱲӶˣ
λȻλڶɽٷҲһ˽˰ɣ
׿ΧˣҲ΢Ц
˵ʵĶɽٷȷǿԸΧ˴ţ
һ죡
֮ǰһΰǺӷʱ׻Щηηŵĸо
һηԸоͱ֮ǰһЩˣ
ʱİջ΢ǷȱһЩǷһԵĻѾʧˣ
ɼĿ׵ʥϣǲģҪ
峤ȻϣĸԼĶž˰һҲЦ˵
û˵ʲżһ
żżϣľǿ絽Ǹʲôģ
ڴĿŷɣҲǼ˵
׿˵ӣҲǵѾûʲô̫ˣȶɽ޻һһͣΪڶ࣬λǾĴʱȽϵĺá
ʥϵ˼ǡ
ӿףҲƵʵ
΢΢һЦҵͬһλãͬʱɽ٣ĪλΪɵӲɣ
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ʵ޻һ취ֻ
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ӵ˿ףҲ쳣ڴ˵
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⡭ʥԼǣɽҵȿԺ绽꣬ǳһˣ˵Ȩڱ˵С
׵ĻһԵļҲǺȻӦǵ
Ҳǵͷҵɽ磬Ҳǵ׷ɱղվȽŸ
ʥϣʲôð취˵ɣûĻʸأ
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Ҳǵͷһܹôǿ߷磬Ѿǰ˱Ӷ벻ˣʥϵ˵޷
Цŵޱ˵ˣȷһЩաǳɹĻʱλȥܵλҲһ
ৣ
һŵĿˢˢĿף֮еջȷǷǳĺˣ
ȥĵλһ
˵Ļ˻ûвŵģ
Ҫ֪˵ҪǷʱҲǲš
أ
˼ľʹ׼ˣŷǣԭûϣķǳɹ
˵һĿף׸ֶЦ˼޵뷨λͬһͬΣ
ۣ
˼һ̶Ҫˣ
һͬ
˵ȻˣΣϵƺҲ֮󰡣
˵ģֵӣٱ֮һ˾Ҫǿܶˡ
˵߲Ҳδ֪
һһͬ⡭⵽ʱٿ¾̫̫
һߣĺ֮ҲǷһ๾
һԵķҲЩԥĿ׵ʥϣôһͬǵʱ١
Ȼ֮֮ǰҪܶ࣬ɶӦ֪һ㣬Խ٣λõĺôӦҲԽġ޸ղž˵ˣǰĵλҲһ
׿ˣǵ˵
һ㣬Ȼǲһĵλ
ң뵱׷ɽ磬һɾʵˣ
һĴʼ֮ȣ˵ʡȥ̫̫Ŀˡ
׿Ȼܴ󣬿ɸ߷հŵǸ߻ر
λⱲˣ޾ǿ֮⣬޸ղ˵ˣֻ޵һ飬˶ѣ
ײδκˣȷֻԼһ飡
ֻԼҲоЩΪҲ֪ͬĻȴǵĵʲô




3111  һͬľ
 

ѺĹµ֮У
˭Ҳ֪һƬŵĹµ֮ϣȻۼڶҪĳǿߣ
˾ò˼飬ڸոգһλĳǿȻ磡
˵ؾɽ½ƺңɼҪ֪ҲǼΪѵһ£
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µ֮У
׵飬һ˵Ҳԥѣ
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һͬ
ûеôıգһͬĺôԲֹôһ㣡
Щ˳ɽô꣬ǵļʶԲ׵Ϊʲô
ҲΪջ˲Ե˵ԥ
һƵӣλҲ㿴ңҿ㣬֪Ӧôˣ
ʣ䣬˵Ӧô죿
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һԵķɡҲǵͷǰʣĺˡôС
ʥ϶Ѿ˵λѡ񣬼ȻλôеĻǵʥϾϺˣ
Ҳԥĺܣʵ֮оͲ
ҲҲ
ףԷǾǰ϶飡
һͬҪеźܴķյģ
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ֲɵȻˣôӦҲ֪ģ
ûô֧ŵĻ˻Ϊԥ
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׿˵˵£Ϸԡ޼Ȼ˵λѡȻᱻλǿһ㣬ҲûоԵİմλһ
ҲŻ˭ʵûţ
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ҲҪôǿһͬǸʲôĳ棿
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ԣ׾һѿʵԷ绹൱ŵģ
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οһ󵨣Щ뷨һγԺҪһ
ӿףҲҧҧʥϣҵûʥϣҲңɼ롣ʥϿԴҵȷܱ֮Ѱ֮˵õ࣬գҵȾֵһԡ
ǰʥϣǲɹҲʹȻҲǵͷ
ݸһЦһͬȻѶӣҵôˣȴƻΪбףֵһԣ
λôģ
׿ˣҲЦʵҲ֪˶ô롣
˵ԼԼôһӣܲжأ
Ķⳤģ
֮ľǳ֮ľ
־ʹ࣬ô᲻أ
һǿߣôһʱ;ˣ׵֮ӹһ˿ĸж֮ɫ
һеǸʥϼȻаգҵʲôûаأ
ʥģҵȱġҵȻָԺ磬ʥϼһͳأ
Ҳǰ뿪Ц˵һͳɽǿѾǲ˼ˣ
һͳ?
Ī⣬ܲȥǸأʲôһͳһͳļֱǿЦ
ô˵Ҷˣ峤峤λΣ
һεĽĿҫХˡ
־ɳһģؼҺ¼ұϾģ
ҫݸһЦؼҺ¼ôˣûʥϾûǵĽ졣ҵȼȻΪ˳Եʥϰţ
ǰȥûʵҲһ𣿼Ȼ˵ĻǾ͸Ӧòһˣû׼ʱܲһأ
Х˵ľ͸ӵʵˣȥ类۸ԼӰѾأ
ɹˣǿׯˣ
һãȻλȻôޱλһ磡λģûһİգ޶ȻĽġ
ʦ磬²˳٣ҿǻɣ
һԣҲЦе˵
׵ͷҪĲǣޣɣǱܹǶ٣ޱչڼ䣬ͽˡ
ʦ磬ͷĺˣʱ֤ǵʵһʵķԾ
Ҳظ֤˴˿֮Ҳǻһ˿ڴ֮ɫ
׵ǷԽԽˣ
֮У
׶ԽһյĿռ֮пʼԼĳ̣
һƺƽ˾֮пʼˡ




3112  
 

£
仰һ㶼ģ
׶һ˽֮ǱУ˷ķѵʱνǾ޽еģ
Խǵ̵ĹͷľԼҪȹ̵ĶԽ࣡
ûоԵ֮ǰһֱڲϵԼʵ
ʵϣ
ʵѾһķԾ
˵Ƿ磬¶ûʲô̫ˣ
ڣ
Ī̡ռܲա㳿˶ǲϵţǴ˿̵ʵҲΪ֮զ࣡
ڣǵʵѾǴﵽʥ
ֻߵĻȷѶȼ
鿴ڶʥǿߣҲǿԱˣ
һˣҲʵû̫İ취
ŮӱǰϪ
ϪΪΪʣѾǸһרŵĿռ
ϪʵҲѾǴﵽʥ
ɰϪһƬռ֮Уƺ֮ҲЩѹֲסˣ
ʱ䣡
һ˵ʱѾǺܳˣ
ԭ˻֮УɾʱѾǳ˵ĸǰ
˿̵ףȥĿȳȣһַ豹ĸо

ǵһѵģҲǵһ׻֮ˣ
ӵЦŵʵĲʥ
ҪȻһȥɣЦʵ

װڰֵʵڵһʱ䣬أ
ƲʣȴҲὫȫһɣ
οܹĻʱֲǲԷɽ磡
ǸʱڽԼһȥ磬Ҫ̫ˣ
յ˲⣬Ǿǵʵǰ磬Ӧмİģ
ΪʲôѲ㲻һֱ𣿡
ŮʱѾչˣΪ֪һѾǺٺˣ
ȻǣȥΣأȥ̽̽װɣ׵˵
ǡȥ˻ܻɣĪ̿ҲƵʵ
һԵļҲǵͷǰɲɽ磬ʱɲôɵˣǼһȥܰء
Ȼа취ģİɣҵһͬʱȴҲһط֮ǰɽʱӦȡĽѵ˰ɣ
׿ˣ˷ɽ֮УúܶԭǿԱģ
ɾΪ֮ǰûо飬һֱѰŮ˵;֮ϡ
˵ǣҲܸ̫鷳Ȼ˵˿Իǿ϶ǿԻġɽŵҲң
Ī̳˿˿ЦǺǵ˵
ֻ֮ƺôİȣһԵļŮ˿Ī̼üŪ۵ӣҲ˷ܵĵͷ
׵ҲûЩѾǶ
һεóһöָȻЩеԺʵЩӦ㹻ˣȵʱмҪƺãһΣذ
ţģһСССģ
λ˴˿ͬǾõһ㣬ĳ̶׶Що棡
׹һЦǺãֻҪ๫ʱһ취ȥ
鿴׵ʦ磬⼸λɩӺðһЩɡɰϪɩǱô죿
԰ףϪʼΪ⣬㲻ҲɽɣǵʱûܹƵס
Ī̿ף֮Ҳʮֵ˽ģ
üϪҲǹˣʵҲൽˣһҴһ磡
ϪһŮһĽʵ
׿ЦһҲûа취飬֮ʵ̫ǿ󣬵ʱпݱɽ硣ڿֻе취ˡ
˽ǣҲҪˣϪչ˷ҲܷһЩ˵ˣôҲΪǺã
㳿һԿЩǱӣҲǿһЦ
˵ɽ绹磬ʵûκε
ΨһɽԺû׵Ĵˣ
׿żŮߴߴЩ˸УҲǸοɽΨһǺúûţʲôΣֱܾˣһеȷһ
İɣɽһͳʲôΣأֻȥ磬һҪСİĪ̵˿ۿͨ˵

׳ĺһȻţһܺãɽҾˡˣ޲ɢ֮ϯ滹ô˵أλء
أ
Ů˱ףֹסĴۿ֮˳
Ӣ̶Ů鳤
һҲǸĲᣡ
Ƭ֮ҧҧŰϪֱӳ֮⣡
˿̣
һǿѾԴ׳һ̣ҲһĿ棬ƺڵȴʲô




3113  ֮
 

Ѻ򣬹µ֮У
һȺǿΣ״һ˵ȴ֮ҲǼ֣
ôĵȴҪɽٷˣ
˵ʵ˵г˷֮⣬ʣµıǶɽŨŨĲ֮飡
ȻˣһһҲǼΪıˣ
ȻǶ֪״˷ǰȥΪ˲ǣһֱףڵʱôܲأ
ֻԼ뷨Ҳ޿ǰȥðգ
λ׼𣿡
һ˰Ȼ֮У·һ˵ȣ֮Ҳǳڴ֮ɫ
ʥϣҵѾ׼ˣ
ʴһڼҪ̤ǿߣ
׿һǰˣ棬˺ʲôҪ̤Ƶ򣡡
ּ
֮ҲǴһ˿ۣ֪Լʱδ죡
Ϊʥڵ棬Ҳ˫ֱȭ
ৣ
һһӰźȥȻЩ˵֮кŨҵĲ֮顣
ʱǸ֪һڽ棬׾ͶһΣղ
ٺ˷׳ٿɽ绹δй
Ҳ˵ͻ룬һ˻ĲôŪ
ء
һͳӺһ໺֮һƬµһɾ
΢΢ϵڹµ֮ӣ˿Ϊ׵ɢżΪǿ
׵ֳֽЦһһֺĽѾǳյķȥ
Ľһأ
ܿ죬һڽɫƲѾǻĳ׵˵Ͽգ
ٶƳ
ƿȥƺһ㰡
ӿŲԶϿյĽƣоƵ֮֮ǰĽҪܶ࣡
һԵķɵҲƵ˵ǰ֮ǰĽƺôҲɫƣôôһɽپȻȻֻⵥɫĽưⲻӦð
һƣ֮ϲҲʧ䣡
ϲһλɽӦúˣʧԽ׵ĽƵõĺôԽٰ
ҲüȷЩ֣ư˵ӦϰɣϾô˶ɽ٣ʽ޶Щˡ
ֻڳֵĽƷǵʡ߲ʵģȻֻһɫģ
֮ǰ뷨Ҳ̫ˣ
һֵʦ磬Ҳ˰ӦǲʲôвˣҲãҲڣ
ðɡ
ҲεĺܣлǷǳʧģ
Ҳ֪ⶫԼ޷ôҪʵ
Զ֮ϣǽƷ·ȼһ㣬ȻصƮţϿտŸ·һ㣡
ס
Ҳ˾ʱһϤ뵽׵ĶУ
棡
ôҲû뵽ؼʱһεĴ˽
棬ôˣ׺Ҳǹͨ
ôΣŪŪҲͺˣ
濴һףЦЦʵףǲΪƺܴΰ
棬ԼҲˣ֮ǰĽƣεҡҡͷ
ٺһЦСô죬ôܸŵȵĴ
˼ǡ
Ҳǿһ£Ȼǻл
搶ԼĺٺһЦԭһϲģС̫Ƶˣ滹ǰɣʡСӳԴ
׵ɴ۾棬ȻЩš
治֪ҪϲأҪĬأһɫΪжǿݵȷûû˵ʲô֮ɣ
֮ʲô׿Ҳǳ׵ʯˡ
ƾͽ£֮Ǹʲô⣿
̾һ㿴ǽƺͨĽƣǽƵΧһȦɫı߿㿴Ǳͨƺͽ֮Ķ
ȷȷ֮ǰǺӺͷĽҪһȦɫı߿򡣿ɡһȦ߿ô׻Щĵʵ
浭˵֮У֮ǰҲֹֻ֮ΣǼλֹ֮ǿߣһĳǿߣлǿߣ桭
⡭ôţҲǾ㵵ʵ
ղ٣˭ôأһλһЩΪô׸ֻܹף˰
ЦЦĿף׿Ըܵĳ˵ʵҲԽԽˣ
ֻƺ뽫ѹԼϣ
ʱѾǽȫľνĽ֮ϡ
˿ԭһȻı˲ҲǸɻ




3114  Ƶ
 

µ֮ϣ
׵ͷüͷ
һҲЩֵĿףĬƺЩ֣
Ҳʶʶ֮̽ڣ
Ѿǽ죬ҲЩ棡
ԭԼʦ翴ȽƵʱҲЩмģ
ٲм
Ǳһǿ֪Ļĭӽ׸ûˣ
׵ȷǲм
Ϊʲô
Ϊ֮ǰڴֵʵ̫
ôͬʱǼѵģĿľΪܹһõ٣ʱĺô
ٿȥͨ죬ٶȲϣ
ʧ֮УѰ֮ģ
ףһԵλǿߣȻһź֮ҲԱģ
˿̣
˿һ᲻мһȴüѵʱҲЩˣ
Щʣƺûôĸǰˣ
鿴ףҲǵʵʦ磬ôˣ
С飬ǿӲˡ
ԭĲм֮ɫѾȡ֮һĨغڴ֮ɫ
֮
֣׶оǳˣ
Ȼδ̹֮׿Ȼҽ֣ǱȻǷǱѰģ
ֻ֮£νĽ֮ȥǷǳͨ
˸߿ȥЩ֮پǱһĽ΢ôһЩ֮⣬Ļûʲô̫ص㣡
Ӳӣʦ磬ƿȥһ㰡
Ҳʵʵ˵ʵеʻڿȥƺǸһԵ֮ʵġ
Ҫ֪ʵѾǶɹˣڶɽٲɽٸȥȥѾûбȻĹϵˣ
οСʲôѾǱ˰ţĴڣôעأ
ȷȥһ㣬ʵһ㣬˵Ǻţ
׿飬Ȼֿ˿һԵӵˣ˵
ʥϣ⡭ʲô˵𣿡
ӵѹҲʶνĽ֮Ҫ˵ˣԼҲǸող֪
ûڱָĻһ¾ҪԴˣ
ƻδκεĶ뻹иĻᡣ
ⲢͨĽƣƺһ֣֮
ɨһȦˣֻΧһҲ°Ͷ쾪ˣ
ʲʲô֮⡭ʲô
ɽŵĶЩ˵ˣﻹȸһ峤ķɣ
һԵɽҲǺòȥ
ǸʲôʰߵĶӦöǺţģ
ֻҪҵĶʲôҩ֮ģǽư
֮ŸоѶϵҪʼαˣ
࣡
ӵ˵һʿˮ·ڸǣǴ˿̲Ľˣ
ӲмţҲ׸ǽһⲢͨĽƣ
ʥϣ֮ǲǺ
ʵЩ̲סʵҪ֪ȫ˶ƵУ
Ȼ֮ǰΪһоƣǽ֮ʱĸɽһˡ
׿Χ˵λо׻˵úã֮֮֮Ϣ֮ǰ֮Ӧôˣ
ԭ˵ǿ϶Ǵˣ
ԭЩŽɵˣǴ˿ɫҲԵҲû֮ǰˣ
һɽʧܣ˭֪Ӧζʲô
󣬼ȻǴ֮еĽ֮õĺôӦҲСġҪľȫֿ٣λҪóԼҵıˡ
׿ˣҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
ӵ˫ֱȭʥϷģҵһȫԸ
ʵϣ
˵ĻǷϻ
ǹϵһ⣬˭᲻
˲ҪǺޱĸٷ֮һٶʮʵȥ֣
飬ҪȥԱ
Ĵ֮УһԷƣ峤ڣ
׿Ź죬Ҳǵʵ
ʥϣԸ
׵ĻҲ̹
һ弯ҵ֧֣ȿܹ˵ɣ׿Ź죬Ҳǵ
һӦһBUGĴڣֻҪӵһķǽ֮ӦҲ̫ɣ
Ҳ֪һһԲĵ˵ģ
ʱ˴׵ķԸ׼
¡
׻δʱǽѾ˲ſ
֮֮һӴѹֱǵضûκεס




3115  
 

ŭ˻
֮Ϊ֮һһ
ڽɫ׵һƬխĿռ֮з䣡
ִӦԣ
׵ԭŶԲߣΪ֪֮Ϣʵ̫̫ˡ
ֻܹ޵ʱڿܲһܺõĶԲߣ
Բ߸ոһ룬һͻȻѣ
ףҲƷǳư
䣡
һһλǿߵϣһ޲Ĺ֮
Ѿˣ˸оֲǣǵһֹ!
پأ
һؾ滹ô죿
һֹ𽥷磬·ղŵķ񹥻Ͳһ㣡
֮һεĹգǵȴŶָֻһ㣬ȳ˷ǳĲˬ
Ȼʶģ
Ļôжʵߵʲôأ
׿Ž֮Ҳǵһ֮ǰΪ֮ҵȵֵסǰֵĹӢûκεġһֹ
ǰʥϣһֹ֮ǰٵڰֵĹ⡭Ҳֲ̫˰
ҪȥĻҪֿ϶ǹ˰
֣Ҳ̫ˣҿ־Ͳˣ
ô˵֮ѰʵǳĿֲҪӦƽŶ԰
һҲߴߴ˵ ô˵⻹Ҫ
׿˵֮֮ΨһһֵȥƽˡһȻǿҲҵûз֮£һ֣嶥ϣ֮˻塢ʵ
ʥ˼ǳս
ӿףҲЩƵʵ
׵ͷǽ֮ǰֵĽҲԲŵǸ̶ȵģ
ãڶҪˡ
鿴ԶϿգҲǾһ
˵һôͻȻĻôڶٱ֮һپͲһˣ
ڶ٣ڼҪµһ̣ѾǸһʾˣ
磡
ӲѾкߵһǿ˵ϷγһټĽ磡
ľȻ鴫ȷ֮һҲѶð
쿴ʹľ磬Ҳǐź΢΢һЦ
Ȼô˵֮лǴһ˿İȻ֮ɫ
ֻǴ˿̵ôʱϻأ
Ȼ׽ڶٵ񽻸ԼǾƴҲɲǣ
֮ǰǷɽ֮ʱǰپ͸Ҽһ㣡
ڶ٣ȻѾٴһ㣬ӵҲƲѣ
Ҫ֪һˣʱҩɶûеó԰

֮˲һ㣬һ̽ɫ·͸һ㣡
ܿ죬ԭʧ
һ̣ռҲһεĻҰ
䣡
һ죬ǿƺǿľֱӱƣ
ɻûеȵӵ˷ӦһεϿ𣡣
顭
һһӰ֮ϺȻ£Ӵ·Ҫµһ㣡
ӣԼԵôķǣһҲһһϢĸо
ӣѪ¶԰֮ɫһһ;ƿݵĸо
ʣɻã׿ӵӣҲ̳ǰʵ
ȿȿȡӻָԼȥޱȣҲЩǸȻ˵ʥ䡭Ȼס˵ڶ٣ɡҵȿ²ڡ
ܹסһιӡ
׿ӣҲο˵
һιסѲͲɽˣ
ֻܹôˣΧˣܹ֧һһΣ
Ľ࣬ļٿ²˸оֲİɣ
ԼʵĻµʱԼҪɹɽҲǲ̫ˣ
ʥϣ٣ȸһԸ಩
ɴ˿̿ף֮͸һɱ֮ɫ
٣ŵذ
˭оһεٿҪȫûˡ
ãڼ̵һ£ȸһеĵɰ׻һеڵ٣ؼҺ¼ҵλǿеɡ
׿˳ʵҲǸʵġ
ȻˣҲ֪Բܹȫϣѹ˵ϣҪʱĴ㣡
ʥϣǡأ
Щ㵵ĿףҲǼæʵ
һһͬԿʣµ١
׿Ź죬Ȼֿ˿ˣҲҧҧ
٣
ԼܹĹȥ
֮ʣȴѾڶ




3116  Թߵ
 

µ֮⣡
桢۾һգգĿŶ棡
˿̣
ǵ֮г˾̾ѾûĶˣ
ղŷɽ٣ûп
˵һζɽ٣ǲϵһοεĿֲ
ҲǷǳԵˣΪһٱǽ֮
ⲻò˵ʵʲôĲ㣬ʶ¾Ͳһܹܵ˵ģ
ٻǿֲֻǡ
棬Ҳɫص˵
û˵˵Ҳù˼һ¸λĸܰɣʥϿڶɽٰ
ĴĴ
ҲЩεĿЦһʵҲǱǰľˡ
Ī̵˿͵̸֮Ҳǰڰֵǧ򲻱ع˼ҵȣ˵ʵƸǰҲǸоһС
Լǣǿޱȣһֱӽλǿ߸Ū⡭˵Ŀֲ
ڻЩԼֽٵĻǻŪǣ
ֲ֮ǰǸϽ뿪һ˿ҲԶˣ
浭˵ǲٰɽԭ׼ƿأԱ֪һЩ
Ը꣡
棬Ҳǳ
濴ԶʵƾǿҲΪƵġֻֻܹ֮ܵõ½֮˵ʵȻӦȼĽƣڶɽ֮˵˭Ҳǲö֪ģ
ԭˡ
ҲЩȻĿ棬ȻҲǶɽٷɽٵĽƵԺηҲһŲ֪
Ī̵˿棬ҲһʵƸ׼˵ܣӦÿ԰һİɣ
˵ЦˣǿĽƣ׼ҳɽһƿؽ׵һѣǰʲôǰ
Ҳ¶֮ɫԼôţ棬ôɽ粻ɣ
Ҳ̫һЩ˰ɣҪӣԺҵǶɽٵĻһϣҲûˣ
Ī̵ĻƺһҪʵĻ
ǿǹϵģɸովôһ˲䣬λ֮£
˿ֲĪ̵ôܲأ
һ˲䣬˵һ뵽Ŀ¾ԺɽǲҲģ
ڰֵλЩ̫ˣϲܣ
ô˵ʥǵ٣Ϊʵǿ᣿Ȼࣿ
Ī̿ʵ
ͷٻݺܶȻЧģһ棬ʵһ棬ءԣʲô٣ǶǸʵжģ
˵ʱˣܲܲҪµ˰
ӣҲû˵
һٵʵԽǿõĺôԽࡣһʥϵٿȥƽ棬ǿֲĸоһ˿ϢȽ֮УӦܹŵϺˡ
ô˵Σˣ
Ī̵˲ȻǶ׷Щᣡ
ɽɽٷʱͷĻǻڴûˡ
⡭ⱾͲˣ֮ǰһǿ߳ܵĵڶٵ⡭ǵģ
ʵĺܣڶٱ˵ôôܻ֮ǰأ
Ȼ˷Ƕɽٵ٣ɾ࣬һθɷôˣǺܿҲǼ˵İ
ǡô찡⡭ٻжð
ŮһǵĿԭĵһѾʧӰˣ
پأ
˵ıٵĹɣһӦö˵ģ
ο֮ǰݼأҲǾصģ
Ȼûۼ٣ûгԹ⻹ûм
ǡǸղⲻǲŵڶιӦǵڶذɣôˣ
Ī˵֮ǰһֱʶʵĻ
ƵĵͷȻҲԸʵʵʵҲΪʲôΪʥϴ˷ɽѶȲСһԭ򣡡
ʥ裬ǾƴҲá׵ķȭͷ
ǧҪ֣һ̤֮УٵһεӣǸʱ׵ûϣ
濴ˣҲǶϾ룡
˿̣
ڶԶڰ֮һڿ͵Ҳᵽɤۡ
֮
ŷɵһŭ𣬾޴󷨻׵ˣ
٣Ҳһ̳ȸһĴй¡
˲䣡
ȸһ屻ܧûǿ񱩵Ľ֮УҲɫ䡭




3117  Ҷɽ
 

ȸһȫû
ٵѾ˸оһĿֲ˹
ɵҲǾȻû뵽ٵĹѾԴݻǰһˣ
һɿ񱩵Ϣ˲ϯٵȸһλ֣
һ̣
ԷΪ׵ȸһǿߣûκļ󣡣
ˣ
Դ˵һһˣ
ԭΪĹȸһӦûκεġ
أ
ǳˣǳˣ
һԵɽ͹Ҳɫް֮ɫǵͫҲһ
ȸһ帲֮صĴ
ԣȸһıѧǿôô׵ȥأ
ɽܿӱ˵л˳ҲЩüĿʵ
׳ȷǶеģɡһûˣ⡭
໣
׺ɽ˻Ի֮ʣֻǵΧѾǳֻСȸȥ֮֮ǰҪСܶˣ
ʥϣҡҵȾˡ
ɴ˿̿ȥҲЩɫҰףĳ׵ĸǰʵһĿɿڴ
峤Ȼ氡ȸһ֮˹Ŀ࿴Ĵָ
ɿЦһǵȵز˭ԸԼĵأȻǿʵѾǴۿˡ
峤ֺαصģǶɽʧܣҶǶɽٳɹһˣʱȵƻǷַӵ𣿡
׵Ҳν˵ȸһȻЩ
һ׿Ǿֵõģ
ЩˣȸһǿĵƣӦźõİ
׻һֵܷסֵĽ
֮ǰǺĵģڵ׻û̫ģ
ѹ
׵ǵûзǸһֵسĸо
٣
Ŀڴ֮УĽˣ
׻һɽ峤Ϊ׵λ׻ҲԴ飡
ֻ٣ʵһĴ۾
֮ɽ˻һȦ
⡭ͽˣ
ɽ֮ǰȽϲҵӺͷɣҲЩͷԣ
ʵɽ˵ʵһԵһҲǲ˼ӣ
˶Ϊپʯ쾪ģ
أ
ǵûνĵضɽҡʯ쾪ǷǳƽȣһȶҪһЩ
ǰ⻢ʵǲ̫һ㰡
ӿɽӣҲΪεЦЦݵǷǳֿ
ɿһЦʣΪ⻢ʵһǡٲ͹ȥھھֽһ𣿡
ţλڵĿǳɹɽ١۶ɽѶȴСǶҪС֣ΪϾûгɹֻҪһΣҵȫûˣ
ҲǲκεĴ⣬Χ֮˵
ʥԼǣȻɶɹĵҲδؾôùˣ
ɿźؼҺ¼֮ˣҲǵѵ
ҫХŷɵ˵λģҵȻûλǿ壬ıҵҲвٵĺöġ
˵ţ
˿̣
ҲԼ·û̫ͣ
ÿһ٣˶Դ
˵ɣ⵹û뵽
ڵ٣ȻҲǲ̫Ĵ⡣
̣
¡
ҫХոջµʱѾǴӾ֮⻬
񱩵׵ſǵһ㣡
֮ǰ٣ٵһεһ𣡣
¼ҺؼҽʮλһҲǼ廨ŵİ
ټ֮ǰ󷨣˵ǵķ֮֮ǰȸһķֻиǿ
ȸһȻҲ󷨷ɱ֮߳󷨼˵ǻǷȱһЩ򣡣
ǷǿȽ֮УҲô£
ֱƷ
˵³֮˵³һ޶Ȼûģ֮˲
Щ˻ھôһΰεĿֱӾƨˣ
Ȼ״һЩҲӲĿȥˣ
١٣һΪʦķأҲ˼Ϊص£һ廹ûʧ
ȻˣҲǷҪã
ʱ׿ȥѾЩǱˣ

ڰٽ֮ʱ׻δָ֮£μԼȫķҲʮֵĽţ
ٹ
Ȼ֣ԼõĶѾûˣ
ǵڰ٣Ѿһ峹׵Ϊ˿ͣһԵİ׻һҲǺ˵ڵϣ
ټĹµ֮ϣܹվΨ׺ˣ
ɾʱ
֮ϵĽȴ˱仯ƺǰ˵ӲȼƢ
˲ñ֮ǰҪֹ
Ϣ
ѺһƺҲܵٵķŭ˵˸оһɿֲѹֵϢ
ھ٣ˣ




3118  
 

٣
ǰİٸڹҼһ㣬Ȼʮ㣬ܾøôļ򵥣
ھ٣ǽ֮ɱﵣ
ֲϢ޼ɵ⺣ţɫҲǱɷޱȣ
ʦ磬ۡô죿ʣҶˣ
鿴ͷ֮ǻһĽƣҲǽüͷʵ
׳õȻҪϣʱıֻܹˣС飬Ҳʱóˡ
ʦ㲻˵ҶˣڿǰֿӦûκεģ
һԼԴԭЩҰһҲǱ͸
׿ЦһôףţҲǷֵһֶѣΪܹ赲ٲɣ
ֵһ֣ҲǺõİ
鿴ףҲǼæھҽˣ
ڿõĶ࣬һЩƷ֮ģ׺ʵøûκεô

׺̸֮ʣǵһΪ
Ϫ
׿ŰϪվԼҲһĴ㵣
һԵ鿴ŰϪ̵ʦ磬ɩɩӵ֮Ҳһ̶ϵٰ
⡭ֻǴţΪţ
ײҪðϪƷϾˮʵѾ˲С˺ˣ
ʱԼһЩҲԲܹȥðգ
ο֮弴ãɵʱŪõĻһ֮屬ɽ綼Ҫģ
ϪʵɽҲֹܹˣ
ҪһֱѹţɽѾͿ̿ˣ
ԲӣҵȽǿ֮ĩκһֿԶһϣ𣿷Ϊ׵۳ĵ۾ģܹܲǶһƬΰɣ
ϪףƺѾ¶˾һ㣡
̾һϪȷ˵κεһܹıδľơ֮Ȼ˵硣ӦҲǿһ̶ϵٵģǡ
룬ϪסϪüϪˣܹ÷ǶֵõġοϪֻзһˣɷȴɽ磬ϣ
ϪĻ˵һ벢δ˵ȴҲ̾Ϊֹ
˵ʵ
û뵽¾ȻǰϪڽԼ
һԿ˴εӣҲЩ۵ʦ磬²˳٣ɩȥĻľ͡
֮壬
Ϫһƺû׵Ļ֮һ̰ס׺Լ
Ϊ飬ν
ο˿Ѿ׼Ҫֿˣ
飬ǰϪ
ʵڶҪԼѪ֮Ϊ׶ɽٳɹɨƽϰ
ֻҪһεٹȥʱǿ϶ǿԶɽٷˣ
ֻҲ֪ٵʱξĻǿҪôˣ
֮ϣѹǣ
ֲϢѹһΧ۵˶Щ
Ǵ˵ıʵͿԿó˿̵ǵжôĽˣ
ǡʲô
սԼӣǵΪһεٸ֮ǰûʲôʱȴ˳
⡭׵ôһ
ֻǿȥһѣգգ⡭Ҳ̫˼˰ɣ
˿̿ˣɫɷף·𿴵ʲô˼һ㣡
ʲôʲôհ㵹˵
˿ŲԶһɫһ׵˲ſԼֱ·׵ˣҲǼˣ
Ǹ֪׷ʲô飬ҲֻܹһԵ棡
գ
Ǹʲô˼֪Ǵ˿ǰһ
Щ૵˵գ׼ҵʷϼأǿ̬֮һɽʷ֮УƺҲֹֻһζѡ
㡭ȷ𣿡Ī̵˿棬ǵɫһƬҰ֮ɫ
濴Ī̵˵ϳΣ˷ʥϵ˿ˡ
ʥϡʥϺǡˡ
滰֮ʣӰѾƮ˰֮׵˵Ķɽ֮
ǽɢӣԶҲǴ˵ʹ
ΪѹҲûиܵκ׺ϢһһͬɽٵǰҲǳ׵ʧˣ
ټ֮ǰʲôգȻʲôɽһųֹһʲôġ
Ѿǲκεϣˣ
˿̿ĳҲʶľһжϡ




3119  ١ɽٳ
 

գ
٣˸оһηͬʱȴֲò۾ȥ
ֻĩһľҲĿ࣡
ټǰ̽飬ȴִ׵۾׺һ˵Ѿǳ׵ʧ
ԭڽź͵״̬֮µĪ̵ֱۿ֮й
⡭ʵֲ̫˰
ǰû뵽ʥϾȻûеֵס˵٣ʱҲҲ
ҡҾʥϿܻûأ
ûµѾǱƸӰӶûа
ߣĪ̵˵Ŀ֮⣬ʣµıͼλһԷ
ᡢһ
Ī̿磬ҲĨȥԼˮˣλʱ鳳𣿽δȫʧһеȳ˵ɡ
ϣ
Ī̵Ļʵϸ˵ľϣ
ϣ˵Ҳǰο˵֣
Ī˵ôϣһͻȻ֮䴫ʲôϢأ
ֻ˵һһ㣡
ʱһһȻš
ŽһһεɢȥĪ̺һԵյҲǻӵһۿͨģ˿һĳ
ɫϾȾ٣Ҳֻ̫ùˣ
˵֮ǰ׵˶ɽٻǳĵģ
һֱճ֮ǰţٶ˵Ӧòʲô£
ء
һ΢ƺӺ
ܿ죬ƽΧˮƺ½ںγһԨɷ棡
졭쿴ʥϡ
ԽһЩȻ˿ҲѾ˺˺ܶ࣡
ĸ߶ÿбӵǸԨ֮У׻ĴԨ֮⺣ˮ
Ϸһĳ֮ɫȥޱȣ
ৣ
˵ĿˢˢĶ֮ԭϵĳѾʧ
ȡ֮һڴ֮ɫ
ǿ˴ƺνʵû᲻
һ̣׻ûȥֻղǰû̽鵽׶ѣ
ݣ
һɫĹֱ뵽˺еԨ֮
պһ֮֮һĳ
١ɽٳɹ
˷ܵĿΧˣ˵֮ǰ׵ʧܵĻôоһƺµı仯
˷ܵԸӣ
Զ
һĨɫĹյϵһ̣׾̥һ㣡
ߣԭʧȺǿߣһҲǳ˵֮У
ʵϣ
֮ǰĹͷЩѾʧȥսȫ֮У
˵ĻǵЩ˸ǲܿסģ
ףղһҲѾǳ׵ʧȥֻ֪Ǻ֪ʵԼȥģ
һʱ̳
ףҲֻܹ֮ˣ
˵ˣԼҲû뵽׵ȻôġáȻ֮еնܹ
һһɰϵϴ׵
֮壡
Ծӳ֣ڶʱѾһ̥ǵĸо
һԵڸ֮ʱ׼ǳᳯŸߵĲβϵǰˣ
ಡ
һһϵʧ˵ĸǰЩǿֻǼ򵥵ĸ˴һкȥ
˵һȫµڵȴǵĿ
һֱ˷һȻţоͣĽ࣡
⡭ٺֻܹհʱһʱҰɣ⡭ʥϺ񶼿һˣƺһ㷴Ӧûأ
˿ȷģҲһƣ
̾һѾʱһ㣬ʱȥǾҪǧʱ䣬Ҫ֪ٹſؾ֮ϣʥܹд컯ɡ
ǡܸǸ𣿡
Ī̵˿׳ɹڼԭŵһҲ
⡭ɽٷɵʱʵǿԵġǵʱʥƺҲûüɣһΣ˵
ҡҡͷʼŽٺ֮Ҳ΢΢ҡͷ
Ī̵εĿףȻ֪һʼҪٵġ
ǿ׽ߣȴ޷пһ뿪ǣǵҲǷǳܣ
ಣ
Ī̵ŵʱǵɫĹƺʼ״˿Ҳǰǹ
ȥɣ޻
״ʱԼ˫ۣ˿̷ԼƺѾɲԼĿˣ
ȻǱֻܼ򵥵˵һټˣ
磬ˣ
׿ԶʧˣҲһĿܣ




3120  ɿ
 

ĳ
ԱȥȴЩ̡ݲĸо
磬ԭҪչȭһ
ȴû뵽ȫǲһĸо
Ϊ˽֮һգڵڻָ֮У
˵棬ҲûκεϢ
Ƶǣ֮ɽ绹ѻ̫̫ˣ
˿̣
˵ɽ֮Ҳûκš
ڿأ
ʵ
ڵΪǷȱĻʵ
˷ɽ絽磬νһۣǶɽٷ֮Ҳǵù͸ָо
ƺӭĵһ㣡
ɽͨĹУȻʮֺĳ籩
Ȼ׷ֵջǴ˵֮С
ԭΪ磬϶һоͷ·תˣ
û뵽ոսף·ʵܵһ㣬ʵһΪͨķߣ
ڣ
׶ʵǳģΪ֪Լʵ״ﵽʲô磿
˳ڻָܹʵҲǿˣ
ڣ
ֻ֪ԼڵĵطһϽĵ̣
Ǳ˸ץڵһֿɽҲǼģ

ɽһˣ׵۳ĵ۾ף
ȻΪһҪǴɽ֮˵ĶУҲΪ֮ˣ
ִ磬ʲôأ
һСĿ֮УһĬĬķŴҲƲѣ
˵֮ˣֽΣ
׽ԺʶĵһˣҲΪξԼصԼļиԼˣӦ
ںεļжɹ˰µʱ䣬һϢĻᣡ
ȻʵָĻʵҲǰ
α֮ˣҲΪײСˡ
֮ǰûбץʱ򣬸λһȻӮ˺ΣȴԼܹ֮λ޼
ɽߣײ㣡
ȲҲǲò̾Ϊνĳ˭Ըأ
Щڴ֮ˣҲǸԼɣ
ң뵱ɽ磬׾ÿһθ߲ε׷󣬷·һһ㣡
׿ŶڻԼеĿĺΣҲǵȥ
ִ꣡磬㲻Ҫ˰
׵ĻҲŵҿ˿ȻһĶ
ȥǺ¼ˣ
׿źΣҲ΢΢һ̾
ǿߣɽ磬ǱǺ绽һĴڣ磬Ȼֻһײ
ò˵Ǻ棡
΢Լ˫۵ΣѲ㻹ĸһӵĿ󰡣
ڵ˲˵𣿵ǾͿԻȥˡСͿҲǧҵʱ͸㶨ˣܿģ
ƺӦȻ˵ǧʱܿ͹ȥˣ
ȷ
ǧ꣬һ֮˵Ĳʲô
˭
ǿ߳ɽķοһǿɲڿģźܶҪȥ
ǧʱ䣿
˵ǧʱ䣬һʱ䣬Ҳط˷ѣ
ǧꣿǺǣܲеϢû˵
Ҳ֪һʵûʲô׷֮ǰҲǸԼ̸
ȻǽȻȢڵһŮӣ
ҲЩܲˣ
ڣ
״ӺǱߵõϢжϣνҲһŶѣ
˵ǷɽĻǵλҲ൱һС֣
Σĵײ
ڣӦñײˣ
ִ磬ҵʵأҪĵڵˣʱǱٲҲÿưɣ
οףȻദʱ䲢
ǺѾΪˣΪģΪִǲһ㣡
ȻˣһִʵȷԼҲҪǿôһ
ֻúΪƵǣִɲʲôʡ͵ĵƣ
ǿΪ󹤣ں˵Ѿǵһˣδ˴֮ˣ
ȻҪڵڿ֮ȥֱǲ󰡣
׵ĿһۺΣҲЦŵСϢһССھͰСųӣԺôȥ죿
ִ磬ССڣ㻹˵óڰҪڵĵҪƤɰ
κСֹţʵҲɵӣ
ƽȮۣҲ֪ԼڵĴΣ
ʱǿеĳͷʱԼССڣҲûطȥ˵ˣ
ž
һƤӵ˵ĶУ
˿ٿΣ֮Ѿǳһĺӡ




3121  Ϊ˳ͷ
 

ڣ
һĿлһɽƳɵƤޣ˿߸ϵĿ׸Σȥʮֵķŭ
๤
˱ǲļ๤ӣ
˵ӿʲô˺ʱҲûʲôġ
˿һʲ
Ϊ󶴱̺żΪʯ
һЩʯν飡
ԣЩ๤ȥһһҪţ棬Ϊݣ̳ǵƢ
ƹǡ
οǰʵˣڱ£Ҳŵηηʵ
һָ߸ϵζźεСӣڵʯȻѲɣ
ûûе£ҡҵֻڿļɶѣ
εһӦȽ֮ˣɼҲò
һƨñүǰɣŪ㡭
ȻźεĻźҲŭһ漴еıѾ˿У
ס֣
׿ŻҪ֣Ҳվ
һվҲһ飬Ȼקק׵ִ磬𡭡
Ӵǣүû㿪أСӵ˰첻һɫ㻹ĵǸˣ
ʿ׵ʮֵĲˬ
ΪСӾȻģıץڿˣԼԣ
ֱԼеıӣȻһ׵ϳ˹
˭
һǿʲô¶
˵һССļ๤֣֮Ҳʱ˵ģ
ΪƢעһܹܱ֮ˣ
أ
ֱһץס˻ʵȻǲҪ£ӦҲ֪µĻʱλҲ
вүƾҲ䣿
ʿףЦ
һƬģ˵ˣطʵۡ
һˣҲν顣
һ㣡
ǾǻԼһƬ˸Ūû취ˣǵʱԼλõȷǱס
ֻҪʲô⣬Ȼʱſʯʵˣ
ԣ׵ĻǿЦֹ!
һԵĺο׾ȻĸҸʶ֣ҲӶɳˡ
ܶȻҲʣҲǸŭԵ֣
ǰλִǿɾͲһˣںοִһλĺӰ
ΪԼȻҵڶײڵˣ
һʱ䣬ξȻۿЩͨ죬оԼִĲʵԽԽˣ
ԡ
׿ŻʣҲǷһ˿Ц
ʿɱ裡
Ȼݷطȴһܹ
ԭžطΪԼĶ˺εĻҲͷ
Ϊ֪ʱνڶԿʵûʲôģ

ƵҲǳ׵ŭˣ
أ
һ˲䣬׸ǰĵѾǳһĹ֣
еıһ̾Ȼһ
ţȻ㿪ˣ
ԭţԼʵ֮ڵļһҪǿϲ٣û뵽һﾹȻ㿪ԼĽ
ʣ
ڣǰ˵УѾ˲õĴˣ
ɽȣѶƺǳĴ
ûĸָ㣬߽ʲôŵĻҪƺҲѶȲСģ
ҲΪʲô֮ǰһֱŽڣȢһŵԭ
Ϊ磬һƬҲǲˣ
׿Żʵĳ֣Ҳ¶һ˿ĲмȻһʵ֮ڵԼҪ߳һЩ
ҪʶĻһĿɲһǰģ
Ķս׾ԼδûӮĻᣡ
Խս
׻ŵģοЩ죬һεĻָһʵ
ȻָĲǺܶ࣬øǰ֮һսҲûпԣ
š
׿ŻʣҲһֹͣƣ
֪ˣˣһ
Ǻǣ̫ˣֻ֪Ӯô죿
׿ʣҪΪǵļһ²̨
ӮˣΰɣʿףҲһȻӮ˱үү뿪һƷʯ
˻
׵˵˷һ󾪿ֵ
һƷʯǿһʲƵ밡
ã׿Ц˼ֻǻԼӵˣǿɾɥڴˣ




3122  ҥ
 

֮У
û뵽ԼȻһСӸһ!
ڵŵӣȻһڵСŪҪǴȥԺڻô죿
˿̣
ʿףǿһһ㣡
һƬ򣬾û˿֮ϣ
ֻ󶴵ڴվһһŮ
ԭӦ׼֮УƺҲЩ֮еϢվ˺棡
ҥ
ǸΪ׵Ůӽҥڸ֮Ůŵĵλܸߡ
վҥԱߵλֽӣڵĺĵ֮һ
˷֮ǰĽȡ
һС˵ܹһǾصעˡ
ҪȻһͨļҲ˵ĸ߹
ʦ֣û뵽֮ҲѪ֮˰Ǻǣ
ҥ˿̿׺ͻʣҲһЦ
ҥʦãѪ֮˲ѪԵͬʱҲͷԲǣ֮ˣȻʵһЩҲǲġ
ӵĻȻû˵ôֱףҥҲ˴ŵ˼
ҥһЦµĵӣҿ˵ǿԵġ
ҥʦã㡭㲻ҪһȥŰɣʲôʱ򵵴αôˣܹϿģ˵ǵ츳˰ɣ
ӿŶҥԵʮֵĲ죡
ҥһЦҾǸоЩڲͬҲ˵
ô˵ҥʦΪܹܻˣ
ӿҥоԼλʦǲǷ˰
Ҫ֪ʿŵӣǰ϶ˡ
ȲǸеְ
ҥ΢΢ҡͷܻʣ϶ǲܵģҸоֵһӦûġϾʵܴ
ʦüȻȤĻҲ޻˵˷ҵǰΪ˼ȵģǽ֦Ļ
ӿҥҲЩǵ˵
޷鲻̫ãҸٺ٣
ҥŶףҲµĹۿ
֮У
״˿ҲԴ
ĵһսû뵽ȻǸô֮
ʵܵƣҲûκεİ취
ǰһҲܹԵսʤ֮ġ
ȥɣ
ʴ˿ѾԼеıӣȡ֮һ
ݣ
ǿߣȷɽܹ֮ģ
ײ֮ˣҲǱ֮ɽ֮Ҫǿֹġ
ǰĻλӦúһ㣬Ҳڶѣɽһ׸оһζ
˸
ĳһƬصص֮ڣǵĹʮֵ
֮
ʵ֮Ѿǳ׵İסף˿̵ѾǷһ˿̵Цݣ
ڣ
ڻʵУֵļһûκĿԵġ
ȼɭϵĺܣ
ں֮Ķսһߵѹơ
˴˿̿ŻʶˣҲ΢΢ҡͷ·Ϊ׶һ㣡
˽ս˿̿Ҳ߬Լȭͷ
ȻҲһľıǳϣܹһܵ漣
˿̣
οŻʵĵѾǽŹסҲסԼ۾Щҿˣ
Ϊһ룬׾ͻᱻ⵶ʬˣ
˻
ںԼ˫۵ʱ򣬼Χ֮˾Եһ
һ㶣漴˫ۣ
ֻǵ׺ö˶˵վʱҲǳ׵ڵ
ʲô㡭㾹ȻҵĹ
ҲǴƺЩˣ
Ҫ֪Ѿʶ׵ķе·
һǲκĻġ
οղŻʵһȻԼǿľѧҲ˰
ΪľҪǰĸǰ
ڣɣǱǰ֮˸һ
֪һﵽôȥģ
׿ŲĻʣҲǵ
СӣΪҶҵһУΪӮˣҿɾͲôˣ
ʿףҲʿˮ
׿˿ʣһָͷȻҡҡ㲻У
һͷƤըѣоԼҪˣ
ü๤ȻһŴƲܸģ
ҾóڵľѧҲ㿪۽硭
ʵ΢΢ȻǱǰ׸̼ˡ
һ̬֮Ѿǳ׵ıˣ
ʼճȵĺܣ
˿̣
ҲѻȸԭûκڴǣһƺоǰСҲδزܴ漣




3123  ׵ս
 

ĳ
Ȼ
ΪⷽԲ֮ΪǿţڵʵǲСģ
ʵϣ
ɽ粢û̫ĲֻͬʵӸĪһЩѣ
̽ԵĽ֮Ѿö⣡
Բȣɣ
׿õһ㣬ȻЩǿäĿĳǿ
׸ڴʽ֣ҲΪʵʵնɱԼ
Ȼһʱһû̫İ취
ǻҪնɱԼҲǲܵģ
ȴʱ
ҪľǵȴŻĴǸʱһҪڷʲô˻Ҳǲ̫ˣ
ն
ŭһ̺֮ŷḻܹ֧źܾã
Żʵĸǰ˲ĵ⣬׵üͷҲ΢΢𣡣
򣬾Գ
ܹڵţЩʵģ
һ￴Ҫù˰ڵľѧȻǿֲ
ǽսʤ˻Ƽ๤Σ
ǰһѲΪԼܹӵó󲻳ɣ
һǵһμսŵӵģһѾҵȺ˰
Ⱥ֮Уŷһ
ֻ˶ײãղŽҶһףѲһֱôȥ
Ȼ׵ɼΣܹʵ
ŭڵŵӣǿɲİ
ռ֮У
ʵӰˣɲ֮ӰѾǳ׵ĸǰһӰδɢȥ
ڵٶȣȷҪЩ֮˿̫ˣ
ʵϵĲΧЩһҲſˮŵԼǸǰλƼ๤ԵĻ³϶ޱȵģ
Զ
ҥӿŻʹնҲ΢΢һЦҥʦãһѾǽˣ
СӶùȥʹ뿪
ҥ˿ףʼոоһӦǿԶùȥģ
֪Ϊʲôǰһ֮УȻûп˿ŵĸо
˵һλ֮ˣӦĵʹݣ
΢΢ҡͷһܹȥĻʦҡ
ӵĻո׼ѿڶɵŶĳʱӶˣ
ʲôȻֶȥˣ
ЩŵԼ۾Զ׾ȻһεĶ˹ȥһЩʧ
ҥҲǱߣܿЦŵʦ֣жϴ˰
⡭СôܶĹȥڵնȻСӵնҲո˵һصľ磬ɡҲܹ֮ùȥİɣ
ӳ׵ľˣ֮ǰһֱף
ҥЦŵʦ֣ڲҪյҿ˵ʺϵĺܣΣ
ӵȷЩ졣û
ӿҥҲǲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ȷ
ܹʵι˵ˡ
ο˿ȥʮֵĳȣӶԭһЩƫ˿ʧҲӰˣ
Ҫ֪ʣʵλõĻʵûУ
ʦ֣Ǿô˵ˣҥӣҲһЦ
ǰǸֵļһҥȷһЩȤֻҲǶһЩȤѡ
һЩѪԣҲҪ˲Ų
ӳһȿĽΰɣ
ǵȻһܹսʤʵĻǼڿ϶ûκεˣ
ҥҲҪһﵽܴܲʲô漣
΢΢ҡͷιȷ˹Ŀ࿴СҲֻ˵ʵսʮֵķḻѡھԵʵǰҪսʤʣ϶ǲܵģ
ҥЦһղʦֲҲ˵𣿿أ
⡭ЩΣǵ¡
˿̣
ʺĿԣֻѾоԼˣ
ιԼǿֶˣ
û뵽һȻ׵Ķ㿪ˣ
ܣ
Բܣ
ôһ˲оһЩɲˣоһʵԼ
ҵҪùȥһΡڶΣܹùȥҵ
ʳ׵ŭˣһɱڿǲ̫ˣ
һκδϢĻᣡ
׿Żʴһ״̬֪ԼĻˡ
ң䣡
ײϵĴ̼ŶĻʣϣıһܹٵԼڵ
һڵ֧Ľʱ򣬵Ǹʱ׵Ļˣ
Żᵶ׾Ȼ¶һ˿ʤЦݣ
ÿֵ˸оһķ񡭡




3124   ߵĻ
 

սڼ
ʴ˿һ㣬˱Ŀ֮У
ԽǼ꣬Խٳ
ÿһν·ܹоСӴֿɼÿһȴ㿪ˣ
һССС
пйʸоԼѾǲϵ½
СӻųԼ·˵Լһ㣡
ŭˣ
ʸоԼŭ𱻳׵ĵȼˣ
Сӣ㶯ְǶʲô£
ҲЩƣĸоϾĹ죬˭ҲԲ
ԭһè׽ϷڸоϷˣèһ㣡
ҲҪ̼ͨףӮһϢʱ䣡
ı㣬ôῴѾЩǿ֮ĩζأ
Żʴ̼Լ׵˵ȻƼ๤ҪҶ֣ҾԸ
㡭
ͫȻһղŲǳһʱ֮죬Ҫ֪֮ǰ׶ֵĻǻӭģ
أ
ԼˣǷǳǳۣ
оԼһĽЩˣʱͻȻĻʤľͲ˵ˣ
ֻˣ
һֱȴĻᣬôأ
οɽɱ飬ôǰһأ
磬Ψһ뷨ǾĻָ͵
֪˳ռ籩Ļɵ٣Լʵܽͣڵİɣ
ĵȷȷڣҲûа취ıʵ
ʶûκε˲ĻʽаʸûУ
ಣ
׵ӰѾʧԭأ
һ룡
ӰѾǳ˻ʵĸǰһȭͷѾ˻ʵϣ
ɫҰף
Щֵķ֣ԼȻ׽һĴڣ
ֻһܣǱСӵʵԼ֮£
ɿ׺ȭͷȴͷСӵӦʲôö
¡
ʵ屻׻֮һ˲Ժ֮ͷ
Ҫ׵ȭͷѾûпˣ
ۣ
һѪʸоԼ˾ҵĴһ㣡
ȭ
ʱԵĵҲûа취õֵıС
ȭɲҪʲô
οȥʲôҲûа
ɽ粻ͬ绹ЩӺ֣
һ֮
˶ΪײڼĹϾ֮ˣ
һ룬˵°Ѿǵһأ
ƺûκֵζȭͷסĳŻʵҪȥûκε֣
һȭȭȭ
ȭȭҪ
ʴԭķŭľ֣ٵڵģһнǹȥ˼ӵʱѣ
ִ硭δ˿ҲĿɿڴĿףϽǰ׼Ƽ๤ϾڵˣʤˣѾǴӦˣǾͲҪڽ֦˰
˼ǷһǣΣ㻹̫̫ˡΪһܹŹǣܵģ
΢΢ҡͷʵ̫̫ˣ
Żɽ󻼣
仰һֱǷǳͬģ硢ɽڵ磡
Բ˻᲻ƽϵķߣ
ԼǰŸߣڵѾɱˡ
Ψնɱ˻ʣȻ뿪;
ȥʲôط֮Ѳɻû׶֮زɣ
ǡ
οףСȶѾҲ
£
δ˿ǺˣԭΪ׾ЩԶѣû뵽Ȼһɱϵˣ
һֱĵײ㣬οһԭס
˵ˣθûмʲô棡
ײһһ·絽ɽ粫ɱȻʵҲЩ
˵뷨ǿرģ
ʲôǣ˵Ļ߿¶߲ˡ
׿źΣҲǵһһۣ
Ҳֺ̫࣬ΪαһС֮ˡ
ҧҧǡִģ
Ͷˣְɣ
ʹһɫΣ˼ͬʱ̧
նɱ๤
ǿ˵·һĴ
ڵô󹤵ˣε쳣ĽţоԼƺһЩ˷ܵĸо
ô꣬ǸоԼһˣ
׺ͺεĶԻҲŵЩ֪롣
һʱ䣬ȻĶˣ
׺ͺεȭͷԼĵ֮һ̣һı
ԼߣǿҪΪڵĴЦˣ
ס֣
ڻʸо֮ʣһԼĶС




3125  ҥСǿ
 

֮У
ҥӻ켣Ⱥ֮УǴ˿ҲΪ׵սʽ۷
ķѱ˵ȻŻѰһᣡ
Ǳһ빵֣˼ֻ΢Ĵ̼һ£˱˵ĵ
ǰ֮˵ʵûлǿֻƾκͽŲܿ˻ʵĹ
û뵽ڰ֮󣬾ȻǰܵһͿأ
ǽӲĻʽʮа˾žͽˣ
Ǹ˵ҶǸ˼Ϊʲôһ汳أ
Ƕڵ棡
ΪڵĵӣҥôܹĿԼ֮ɥ֮أ
ҪǴȥĻΧЩŴҪЦˣ
ȻҥӶоһĶˣʱǲòˡ
ҥӵĵʸоǿ˾һ㣬ĳ˵ƶš
ӣֻܹǱĸˣ
ʦ֡ʦ㣬㡭ǿ˰⡭һҲ㣬ڣΪػ֮һһʵǽթޱȣĳʵǡ
Ҫĳ̶ȻǷǳţ棡
Ϊͬʦ㣬ҥоԼһ޹⡣
һ󹤣
˼۸ˣһȻܹ˵˵Ĺûʣʵ˷˼ˣ
Ӹҥĸо࣬˵ʵڵȻǲ̫Ͽף
ǾͳֶԵеֶΣôӵˡ
ˣӵҲǸо
οҥһֱһɵģҥϿһʱһﻹǵأ
ʣʵıڵ
ƽһҲǲ̲
ǽǳĻ˻ģ
ףҥӶʻûκεĺøС
Ҳڵĵӣǻһ·˵ĻǶҪȥһˣ
ʦܣ㻹ͦİղŵҸʦֶǿеġڵˣȻһڵĿ󹤶ȲϣǶڵ棡
ҥŻʣҲǵǳ
ǴΣ˵ȥҲһ˵⣡
ʿˮһתʦѵǣɡҪʦôʦҶžҵҵ
ˣʣ㻹㲻𣿸Ͻҹ
ҲܲʣҲŭһ
ҡҹ̾͹
һӺҥĻҲ̵
ҥһʲôطȥΪ󶴵ļ๤ѲɻҪְزɣҸ㣬뿪󶴣ҲȲˣְأ
ʦ㣬ǡǻĳӦΰɣʦʦĳɱ˴ˣȻѹȥĻô
һεתҥӵ
ôʲôҥʵ
ʵʦ㲻һֱҪһöƽⵤҩΪ񽫳ڵʦƵİ
ƽƽ
ҥһŵĿŻʣƽǿϡȱĶ
ڿҲûмöĵҩҪ֪ƽ񽫾ͻŷǳĺô
ʱó˵ĶҥӶһ𾪣ͬʱǸŻһССŵӾȻóĵҩ
ʦ֪ĳȻûУɻĳƹ󣬶ҲһЩˮġȻкܶණʯһܹõƽӦûǿԵİɣ
׳ĺôƺЩݾܾ
ҥӶһۣüʦã⡭Ǻûᰡ
ʦ磿ĪҪǻͬ۲ɣҥеֱԲۣͬ
ҥӵĻҲǷŭ˵
̾һʦ㣬¾ûˣοɱ˶ʦ˵Ǿܹ֮ͣƽȫĺ°
ɱҥָָһԵףŵһЦûʦӦʦʦ粻֣ҲӳڵΧξǾͿʦˡʦĪҪˣǱߡ
ѹңҥɲǱŻġʲҪյӣʦ˶ŵӣȨҥеİɣߣ
ҥƺҲЩһĸо
һɾǿҲȻ
ټʾȻ˵вԼ
ҥһ֮ҲֱӽԭԼ뷨˵ˡ
ʦ㣬ǾƲԳԷˣ
ŭһ˿֪ҥӾԲܶԼܵģҲǷſˡ
ҥʣת׺ͺʵǶ˿Ըڣŵӣ
˿̣
׺ͺ˶סˣ·ɱҧ𣬵û뵽
ڣ
⻹ʱΣһð취Ҳ˵أ




3126  
 

֮У
ʳ׵ڵ
ǰһɣǻʸһµĶ塣
ԭΪԼ֮УҲǲȥЩˡ
Ȼֵ֪ļһôԼôεĹ
Ѿתˣ
ҥӵĳ֣˲оЩһˣ
׺ͺ֮ǰҲһ
ϾһֳλȻʻҪĶ֣Ǿ޴Ĵ
ֻ׺ͺζû뵽˵ĳַǵûȥʣǽİԼ
ǺΣ˷ܵԸӣ
ҥѯʣξ͸СһĲסĵͷԸԸ⣬ллǰллǰ
ⱲӵǽУ
Ѿʮˣûһܹɹġ
֪ԼߵĲʵЩ̫ˣ
ԣʵѾǷˣ
󹤣оⱲҪ飡
ֻǺôҲû뵽һԼ棬ȻĻԵ
ҥ΢΢ͷĿȻǺΣһԵף
׳ʵأ
ڿʲôô׷ʵ
ôǣǲС
û뵽һﾹȻʱ򻹲ʶʱԼҪô
ĪһǷ˲ɣ
ҥʦÿڸΧû뵽һﻹűˣ
ôȻеģҥ˵ܿɫһеĺôǿɶҪԼʵȥȡġ
ִ磬⡭ǧѷĺûᰡ
ο׾ȻǱŤŤЩ̫ˡ
ôõĻǰû뵽ִȻ˼ּۻۣ
治ִ֪浽ʲô

ײΪʵûκεĺøС
ԼȻ类ץ˿ˣ
ʦʲôôĵӡʦŮҲǽеģ
Ӷףһ˵ĸо
ÿԼСЩøеʱһܹԼŭ
ǸֵҲˣڵʵʵ˸оĺܡ
ҥڰֵʦ޷ô˵ɣڿô꣬һֱԵ·ˡԸڣֻԵˡ
ֻҪһ£ҵȼţô֤ǵİȫأҵȼڣҲϣԸѧϰѧϰ
Щ֪ܵĸо
ʵҲûа취ղǻʸνϵͬһ㡣
ʻŹԼΣ
Լʵû֮ǰҪһԼֶΣ
ҥȻԼμڣҲֻǼѡ
ʱƨˣǻ⣿
ôֻԱѣ
ֻӻһԵĺζЩɵˡ
Ǻ˿̶оִЩ޳ˣ
ৣ
һ˵ȵѾ˶ҥƺڵȴҥŭһ̣
ʱ
ҥĿתüͷҲ΢΢˭ҲЦһ㣡
Ҫң
֮ҥ̲Ŀһ䣡
һԵȴ󵨣ʦںĵӣƾʵҲʦã
ڵĺĵӣ
ȷаӵȨЩӵʮֵ
Ҫ֪ЩҲһЩĵӵȨģ
ڵĺĵӹ涨ĵԳʮˣ
׵˵ǣʵϾҪΪҥİˡ
ֻѹҲû˵ʲôӲӵһ˵ֻΪԱѣ
Ӧ֪ҵڵĴֻǵŵӣɱˣ׳
ҥһڹ棬κεӲûɱкֶܶԸǣ
ֻҲ˵ԼһɣСŵĻΪڵĺĵӻţ
Ҳû˵Ҫô棬ҪôûӣҪôײ
ӵʦãӵޣʿȥҲһ㣬αΪ˷أ
ʦ˵ǣȻҿڱǣôȻҪ׵ġڳ飬ҵʲôطţ
ҥƺ⣬Ҳƶ˵
Ȼʦö⣬ʦҲ˵ʲôˡЩε˵
װݼʦ㣬лʦЯ
ǲӲӥһҥӦˣĿڳΪʦˣ
׺ҥ˵ЦӣһԼȺ֮еĻҲģ
ֵģӵš
ʿҥ˴׺ͺ뿪ҲǷĳŵϺһȭƺڷйеĲʣ
˿̣
׺ͺȴ̵̤ڵɽš




3127  Ҹܸʦ
 

ڣ
󲻹֮ң
ֻһҪڣȴ֮£
ţ
Ϊ㷺ĴڣÿһŶԼ̵ĹǷǳϸģ
ټϸ֮ȼʮֵɭϣܲڵضÿһŵĸ֮ڣ
ŵӣҪȻƽʱܽڲ
׺ͺԭڵĵӣ
ҪҥĻҪǲܰõġ
ĵӵȨŽŵͳϵһЩҪְλ
ΪĵŵδҲǱ֮ڣ
ÿһŶںĵӶǷǳӵģ
ĵӵȨǳͻͱ˵ӣֻҪǺĵӿصˣֱӽţ
׺ͺΣϵҥֱν֮ˣ
ûоŵĿˣ
ÿһλĵӣŵλǵλͻΪԵıס
ҥ
֮ӵԼסռ֮Ϊ֮Ŀ࣡

һڵɽ˵һôĴ
ԣҥסǴ󣬿˵Ҳëëѣ
׺ͺβδܵκεҥĴ֮£ǱݵĽҥס
֮У
ҥ֮󣬱׺ͺ
һԵҲ׵λã
˵Ŀһεĳ׿ȥںλһп޵ˡ
մ׵Ĺ⣬ܹ֮У
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ҥףһֶ֪ء
ף
׵Ҳ˼ɵ˵缸ҲûʶԼ
ףڱˣǡ
ҥ֪׵ĵϸҲҪͨѯ
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Ŷǡҥʵ
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ҥЩȻĿף⵹һͷˮ
ҥʵʦ㣬ֲʲô
һһǼ񵽱ˣ½֮ǿɲֲȻܹ㿪ʵĹ½֮˹Ȼ鴫
ҥҲ˴Ĵָ½籾˻ܴ
ʱ籾ԭס
һڵʵȻ˼ڸˣǽ͵ͨˣ
һԵҲǻȻ½֮˴֮սʮֵķḻղҿʦȻʵʣȴܹɾƵУʦ½ҲǷﰡ
̸ʲôǫ˵
Ӵ˿̶ҲЩĿ࿴ʦֺαǫأɽ綥ǿߣôܹأἰܹ½ߣǿɶһĴڰ
ʦ֣һ׬ˣҥҲǵ˵
½黹ǱܵĺãʦӦ֪һ֪Ļ¡ҲЦе
ҥ֪ģò˶ãͻǵ鷳ˣ
ʦ㣬뿪ڣȸʡȥ鷳ָʡȥ鷳𣿡
׿ҥҲ̽Եʵ
ʵԭôģ˵½ˣҿЩ᲻ˡ˵ˣɽȻһţɵҲǲˣ
ҥףҲǺٺһЦ
ӵͷʦܣʦӦòµġܹڴһƬصĻǵҲʧΪһõȥ𣿡
ִ磬ͦõİҪȻǾ°ɣʦ㶼Ӧء
׻뷨ҲһԹĵ
ν˵ʵνֻʦʦִ鷳Щˡ
鷳ǻģû鷳鷳ҥڻЩλģټʦ֣ǾͷİɣҪ۸ҲԼ
ҥŵĿףҲν˵
׵ͷҥʦ㣬֪ǽڣ׸ʲôأ
Ȼ˰֪½óʲôҥʵ

׿ҥҲǺԥĻش
˷磬һҪѰҸˮܽĶ
ΪݾĶ
ŶɣҸʦ
ҥһ׵ĻҲЦԥĴ׳ſĺ˹ȥ




3128  Ƣ
 

ڣҥס
ҥӴʱҲЩ˷ܲѣ
˵ʵ
֮УҩΪ֮ڣҼ۸ޱȣ
֮
Ƽ򵥣ûһĹ׺ǿľƣǲܳΪҩʦģ
ҲΪҵϡȱҩʦĵλҲǷǳ
һŵĺû̶ܴ϶ȡŵûһʦ
еĻôҪϲˣ
ǵʵǻʦʵˮǴߵģ
ԣ˵ԼǿʱҥҲЦ
Ȼ˵δ̫ϣһǰʦĻǻ˵أ
ҥĺԺ֮У
ڵӷεŮҥҲǹʦ㣡
أ
ҥǼˣҲ΢΢ͷȻʵ
ʦء
վǰǸ˿ҥҲ̻ش
Щ˶ҥź֮ѡİӺһЩ֮ˣ
һ˵ŵӳΪӵĿԼ
ŵӾͲһˣΪʵ΢ǺܶʱֻǴӵ֣
ɼǴӵģҲܺùϹɣ
ԣܶΪȡĵӴӣҲŪͷѪ֣
ûʲôôĻ˵ȥҲûŵġ
ӿһԵҥҥʦã㸮ϣ
ôˣ챻ŪĲ䷳ԾͶͼ徲ˡ
ҥӣҲЦŽ͵
ֲأ֮ǰһȥҹʦãҪҪһЩҩţһˣ涼ûмԭⰡҪҹĻһ֪
ҲǿЦһҥã
ȻãŮ˵ĹϵûҪס
ڶʮλĵ֮УѾǳΪ˺üɡ
ҥҲǱȽϲһɣӺ
дϵĶ֮⣬Ҫҥʵˡ
ҥӣҲû˵ʦ֣ôû˵أ
ΪʦеҩȽϵæⲻΪҥʦҲǼҲͲ鷳ҥʦˡ
ε˵Щڴˡ
ҥһֵֵģҲûиʦ֡ȻˣôҲøҪ㵤ҩҪȻʦֲǰһô
һøлһʦܰ
ӿףҲݸһЦ
Ƚȥɣ
ҥδ䣬ӡ׺ͺν֮У
ĵӵסνһоУ
ֵطʵҲҪʲôĶֻҪһҩټһЩϱˣ
أ
һ֮˵ĶУ
֮У
һüͷŮ֮⣬κεˣ
ʦޱȣҲǵƢһ˿Աġ
ʦĹУǾԲ˴ŵģһССķ񶼼Ϊʧܣ
ⵤҩһƬζҲ֪˷Ӧʧˣ
ʦ֡ҥ㣬ôˣ
Ҫŭ֮ҲǿһЦʵ
˭Ҳóڵƺ˼㣡
ãҸһӣ㿴ҥЦŵ
ӣʲôÿģ
ԭͲã˹ֻΪԼһ°ӣҲˣ
Ҳʲôϡ£ҰҲû̫ơ
ԣЩ׵ˣ
ʦĸһչֵ쾡£
ҥƺҲϰ̬ȣһֵʦܿǶҲȤŶ

ҥָķҲ΢΢̧ͷһףȻһεĵͷʵ
ã֪ƽʱæµĺܣϲ˴šҵ˼װ֣ҲһѧϰĻᣡ
ҥ֪ԸÿһεʻǴ̽Եģ
Ͼ˭Ҳϲ˾ܾζ
һҥ㣬㻹߲ԪѾʧǧβֹǧβųɹΣ˵һȥҰɡ
ʦãӦҲԶһЩ֮֮ǰֵҪһЩɣ
ҥЩĵʵȻ֪ô˵ˣϾûϷˣ
϶ǲˣҥ㣬֮ǰɹһ¯Ԫùȥɣ͵ⲻˣ
ҥҲЩǸȻ˵
ʦ㣬ȻĻǾͲǿˡӦҲѧʲôԼооʵڡ
ҲǸƢˣŴܾҲЩŭˣ
£ĻҲ˵ó
οŮˮƽĺһ㣡




3129  Ҳǿ
 

ɽҥס
ΪҩʦһǸ߰ޱȣ
ȻҥϵǳҲʲô˶Ըġ
ܹΪҩʦǿϵҫܹǸèأ
һνҥĵطҥῪڣ
֮ǰҥĵĸ˵Ҫܸʦ
ĽȴҥоһʱЩ²̨
ɻûеȵҥ׵һҥӵ²̨ˣ
Ʋ
ҥ֪жôأ
ɫԭĵȻ֮ɫһԵӺͺҲһӶڵˣ
Сӷ˲ɣ
ȵλ֮ˣʵǿҲΣ
Ǿ͸ӵĲҪʲôոߺŽڵˡ
СӾôˣ֮ķ֮⣬ǼֱǽݺݵĲ˽ŵһ㣡
ףסڣ
ҥԭһⲻˣ
һԵӿףҲǵʦܣǸʲôʦǿڵһҩʦܳϵĸͽ㡭
Ӵ˿ҲǸоһѾЩ
΢΢ĬĿҥӣΪǴġ
ԼӦҥҲֲСԼɣ
ʲôأ
߬ȭͷķҥʵҥ㣬˭
յһӣһ̤ţЩҲǡ
ҥЩεĿɲ
ȻǽãɽΣ
ϵ磬ǸӷĿɳҲο˲ýأ
˹ϵܺãһ˶ԷνĹϵһӾֱܹ
ߣ֪ĻΪʲôŵĵأ˵ĿǺܴ󰡣
δֱӳ׷ѣøһڵСӺʧԸݣ
ʲҲǳҥʼٸ߷ˣ
ҥЩǸȻĿã⡭˰ɣ͵ûΣ
û˵ĵɣ˾ЩаѡҵҪһʵΣҩȷû츳
һԳʵϾڴ
Ҫ֪ܹΪڵһҩʦܳϵĸͽô츳أ
ҩȷҪ츳ģھٿطǳó֣
οҩƴĿɲǾԼǷܹ
֮У
ܹƳԼ֮ˣҲֻ˶ѣ
Ļҩʦôôľأ
ǿɲʲô˶ܹģ˵ҪųԽ˵ľƣ
ʵ˵ףֻҪ㹻ǿ󣬱Ĵˣ
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ҩĿʲô
ʵҩĿҲΪܹõУǴﵽʡ𾳽Ļ
۷ȥ޿ʼϰ֮ǵЩĩõĸо
ԣһܹҩʦˣһɫĴһʼͳ֮У
ܶǿҩʦʵ϶Ǵ磬½֮ʱɽͿʼѧϰҩ֮ˣ
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ɽҩʦ֮٣
ϾһΪҩʦǻϾǸ߾Եˡ
ҩʦȻҵλΪĸߣĳǿǰҲô˲
ãҪȻĸǣ
ҥĵӣҲЩΡ
ҡҡͷСӲһ¯ҩǿɾͲҪˡ
ãʲô˼ҵİӰҥЩ˵
һԵӸϽ۵ʦáҥʦãҪȻǻҸطһɣһʦýѵһµġ
ʦ֣һֱǸúˣɽܵ˵裬ǾôˣԺ󴫳ȥĻ𣿡
ӣҲĿһŭȵ
֮ǰǸ󹤶ѣʲô
ҥ鼱֮£ҲЩ۵˵
ҥĻҲһ㶣漴Ц˼󹤣ҥ㣬հӶյȥ˰
ôˣҲǿˣ
ôôͲˬǸʲôڵĵ
ưǸNɪģǻûм氡
ֻ仰׽ԭѾѹ»ȼˡ




3130  Σ
 

Ҳǿ
仰Ĵ̼֮֮Ƶ
Ҫ֪صĶ
ҲǸ߸ϵˣһ֮мΪǿƵҲĺܡ
Ϊʲô
ΪҩʦĵλԱȽϵͻ
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οǰСԭЩϵġ
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ͷˣ˿̵ӿȥоܹһ㣡
ԭһԴԲҥӣҲޱȣ
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Ȼ֮ǰ˵ȷЩ̼ףԼʲôɫԼ֪
ҥҲŭһף㹻ˣϽȥ
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Ļ˵ļΪأҥҲɫѿ˼㣡
ҥһ಻ˣҪһܹģ
ȻԱ׵Ҳ֪һҪ˼ҳģ
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ͱ˸˰ɣ
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׵Ƿһ˿Цݣʶǿټ֮壡
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οɽʱҲѾǵǷ켫ˣ
أ
ҥӵһ΢΢ҡͷʱ
׵ĸǰѾǳһŰɫ棡
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3131  ɫ
 

ɫ
һ̶ǽ׸ǰһŰɫĻ棡
ôҲû뵽һﾹȻܹ
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𶼴ˣ̸ʲôأ
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ԣ
ҩʦҵ֮УɫҲΪݵһ
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ɫ
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ɽСطɫѾ൱˵ˣ
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ǰʦܵİɫ滹ֵúܰӵͷ
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˵ԭҲǱһ˿ĵ
һôţȻִһûһ뷨
ȻϺ˵ôɣѾûԭ־Եˣ
ҥͷʦ֮ʦԣ֮󲻾֪𣿡
ʱҥȻһ飬֮ǰ˵½֮ˣΪóǿ֮
˵˼һһλҲ˵أ
Ļô绢
ڵҥ˼άѾתˣȻҲ֪ʵĿԲ
Ͼһոշ֮ʲôҲôܹѾ֮õᲢأ
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Ҫ֪ǿɽ߳ƵԲܶ˵ͷģ
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ҥͷһԵĿҲ׵ϣ
ȻʱһĲмĿȴһĶס
ַһʱ侹Щϰµĸо




3132  ɹ
 

ҩ
һ׵ĸǰ
ʵҲ׵һܶ鶼;ͬģ
ıʶĿƣԽǰվ׼֮ˣԽǿϸ΢
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ʵȷһ㣬ľȴ쳣ǿ
һ㣬Ȼ˸ӵ
ţԼܹսʤѵ
ȻԼһǿߣ׵Ҳ㲻ʲô
ԭסռһ˿ڣʵ֮١
ķߣǾѪЩνǿߺܶ඼ŵ֣
֮Ǹеģ
ಣ
ʮζҩѾֱӽҩ֮УԪ׵һơ
ԪƷԼ򵥵Ļ׻Ĳ֪ôƣ
ϾÿһζҩƷǽȻͬģ
ҩ֮У
׵İɫ𲻶ϵĴЩϣֻһԵЩɵˣ
⡭һﾹȻһԵĽҩȫȥˣ
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ĳʦ˶ݵʱڿƺÿһζҩĵĻ
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һ㣬Ȼȥûоı֣
ҲѹϴЩĳ֮ˣ
ҼǵʦԪʱ򣬺ǶиȺİɣ
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һԵҥҲ΢΢ҡͷԪΪĵҩ֮һ˵ѶȲǺܴ֮ǰܳʾԪƷܳƺÿζҩһŵİɣ
ʦʲôʵʦҲֻܹζҩһţСʮζҩһŵģֱǸЦˡĪʵܹʦ𲻳ɣοѾǳʦˡ
˶Ƿˣ
֮ǰҲʹԼʦȻҲ֪ʮζҩͬʱҩ֮УǾһ˿ģ
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˵Ҳʲôأ
ҥ㣬һֻֻʵһֻӣǱҥھŰɣ
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ǿѭ򽥽ģŵҲôİɣ
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ӵͨı£ҪɹҲǲܵģ
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Ͻҡͷǳ
ӿʦãɱСʦܣЩͷġ
ʲôͷʲôͷҲǸڣ˶ѣ
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ӱôһҲ֮ǰ˵ǷҪܵ顣
ȻôţӷǾ׻пܴ漣Ҳ˵أ
Ҫ֪˼ұϾǴɽô֮ɱķߣһ˭֪ߵģ
Ȼԭס֮ҲĽǣڷ߳ɳĿֲԭסûʲôƵġ
ףһڸʲô
Ȼڸ˵۾ȴһգգĶף
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׵ҩ֮УƺɫĻסˣǲͣıƣ
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ֻһʱ䷨һǿռ䷨ѣ
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ҪľǽЩҩĵľŨȻձƾͿˣ
ټ׵ϻһ˿֮İĹɣ
ᶼɹ˰ɣҡƺŵһɵҩζ
ҥҲһԿףԼ
ɹʲôЦ͡ôܳɹأ
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һĳɹˣžžԼ˰
ֻ׻˵úãʲôʲô
ˣ
Ҳ֪ǸʲôʱͷǰҩѾǱŷһž֮
һĵҩζһ硭




3133  Ϲèӣ
 

ˣ
֮У֮ɫ
һ̶Ǹоһֲʵĸо
һɵҩϤζ֮ԼƵĵҩҪ㴼̫࣡
˴һ״̬
ɹ
ЩѵĿףţԲţ
ߣɹˣҲ֪ƵĵǸʲôأ
ȱܵķһ䲻ĸо
һԵҥƺҲǱָסˣһʱᶼЩ֪ĸо
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ãȻҩѾˣôҲȿ˵ɣ֮ǰ㲻˵ʦܹܲƵҩأ˼ҲѾɹ𣿡
ҥ˿̿Ȼ֮ģ
֮Ƿȱܹ˲
ʱգ
ʱܹԽҲ˵أ
񵽱ˣ
ҥĵһӦԼ񵽱ˣ˵ƺ֮֮ǰҪ˺ܶ࣡
Ҫ֪ԭҪҩʲôĻҲֻܹˣ
һֱҥҲǿԵģ
ҪǽȻܾĻҥû⡣
׿񵭵˵ԪǸƷѣֻ˵һʧܵƷԪ¾Ͳܹˣ

ΪҩʦȻ֪ԼˮƽＸˣ
ԪĵҩƼ򵥣ʵҪƳõĵҩҲ£
еĵҩƷƷƷͼƷ֣
ÿһƷǼǿҩʦˮ׼
Ҳ˵ˣܹƳƷԪĻͬĲͱȱҪ׬ٱǧļ۸
ΪʲôһõҩʦͬҲһıصһԭ
õҩʦǼǸɵй֣
˭ҩ׿΢΢һЦ
ûԹûԪǱرĵҩ֮һҵȷ֪֮ԪƷˡ
ҥףҲǺٺһЦ
ԪȻرֵǮһöԪڵĵ˵ҲǼֵƵģ
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ԵҩԵˣ
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ҥʦñϾʵһЩʦֵȻҪҥʦˣνİڰ֡
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ҥƺûô뷨ӹֵҥ͹ˣлʦֳȫ
ԪһƵʱһ¯ʮϰɣ֮ǰ񻹿һ¯ġ
ЩĿףƺҪ׸Լһ͡
׿ЦŵĳͲö֪ˣܹƳöҩѾǺܲˣ
ԭҲϹèӰ
һǫ֮ԣ˵Ըһε͹˳
ǲϹèӣ㲻֪𣿲ɲҪղ˵ĻˣǿһжҪҵˣ
׿ҲǺ˵
㡭
оԼЩҲסˣҪ֪ǺĵӣһҲһӶѣ
ҥʦ㣬ʼɡҩҩ֮УʦԷ֮С
׿ҥҲһƣ
׵󣬺εɫҲǽĻ˹ֻڻһѺ
ʱ
ҥĻһ£ԭҩ֮еöԪѾǻһĻ߽ӣС֮С




3134  ֱͻƵҥ
 

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ڼ
ҥⵤҩһ֮Ԫ
һʱ䣬ӵ˶ǿŶҥ
ֻǴ˿̵ҥɫЩˣ
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ҥʹ֮ɫ·Ǵʲôһֱŭ
Ҳǳʦܣ㵽׽ҥʦôˣⵤҩʲô
εֵ̯̯ҩǵҩʲôҥʦ㶼û˵ǲ̫żһЩ
ȿȣ
ҥѵĿһĿ˵̸
ҥڰֵ㡭ȵȵȣҡҸоҪͻˣͻ֮ڸ˵
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յ˵뻹Ҫʮҵʱ䣬²ſԳһͻƣ
⼸֮УΪˡ
ҲΪʲô֮ǰڿ֮УҪƽҥһԭ
ƽǿкܴͻƸʵģ
ڼҪͻƵҥ˵Ǿʲˡ
ֻҥȻܾ˻ʵĻ¸ѣ
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񽫳ͻڲһ򵥵飡
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ÿһҪͻƶ쳣ļѣҥ꣬Ҳֻ񽫳ڵˮ׼
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Īһʲôĵر
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ҥϥʹ࣡
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ո뵤ҩһ̣˸оƮˣ
һɼΪǿֱӽľ˺һ㣬оһɾΥĲӦ
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˵Ŀһ̲ͣɨҥʱ򣬺Ȼ۽һ϶
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ҥһȣڷ·һһ㣡
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һ֪ҥǷƵĵҩ֮ſʼͻƵģ
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һԵҲǲΡΡĿҥϣҥ˵׻ĵҩûйϵ
ֻһΣҪʧˡ




3135  
 

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ԪΪΪͨĵҩǼܴﵽЧģ
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ҥ˿ף˿Щˣ

ҲǼΪѵ飬һ磬һ־Ƴǿĵҩ
ҥʱЩϲֲȷһеǲģ
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ڱҥӵĹעöҩΪϵ֮Ķľ֣
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ԲǺ˵νĺúܶѾӸˣ
ҥ֮еʵ뷨ǣ׵öҩ֮ǰĵҩǼֱе
һԵüʵ̫ˣҥʦӦǿԸܵĳЧĲİɣ
عƵĻһԪ൱øҵԪǧһЩôһ˲䣬ҶΪԪ
ҥˣҲǼ˵
ҥ㣬㡭˵ʲôǧ
ʶĳźһ˲ƺһ׺䶥ĸо
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ǧʲôΪһоԪô֪ܲ
ʵϣ֮ǰĵҩζʱ֪öҩԱ֮ԼƵĵҩҪã
ֻΪΪĹԼԸʵѣ
ҥ˵ټҥѾͻˣŶȾͷǳĸˡ
ĿɿڴһʱȻĬˣ
ĬˣһԵȴ˷ܵЩĿ׵ʦܣ㡭ƵĪǼƷԪżƷԪЧƷԪǧ
ƷԪô
Щ˵һ˿֮ԸокܶĲһ
֮صǴһеʹ֮תıԴ֮
ȻϵĻ֮Ǻܶ࣬ȵλ֮Уһ˿֮ǾԵܿɹˣ
ǰҥʦõĻӦþûˡû뵽ʦ澹Ȼ˵츳ǺŰ
ҲǼ׵ֵļ
ԺԼ˵Ļǲ൱һԶ
ʦԲ֮ǰҲ²ӦǼƷԪֻҲʦܵʵƳڿСʦˡԭʦʵѾ˵ĵǷ켫˰
ҥʱףһ˿ĳ֮ɫ
ٿһԵﻹʲôɫ
ף·ǿһɽһ㣡
֡ʦܣˡ
ףһ죬Ҳͷ͵˲Ӹˣ




3136  ׵˼
 

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˰֮ˣھԵʵǰҲǵǸ߰ͷ­
һλҩʦҪ׵ǾԲܵģ
һʵܹѹ˴ڴˣ
Ҫ֪
ֻǱҥϵһѣʲôǣ
أһƺѾǱˣ
ʦܣҸʦֵ֮ѣʵ˻Ǻܲġֻղš
ҥףڶҲԵʮֵأ
˵ģͳ˼ҸղƳƷԪǵλѾԶˣ
ڣҲû˸Ҷˣ
׵ʵܵ΢Ļ˼ҵֻƨҲ㣡
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һԵʦԲ˻ҲŹģڼȻˣƾʦܷ䡣ֻʦܣһ֮롭
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׶Ϥģһڣ֪ŮҪʲôˡ
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֮ǰǸʵ黹ûнҪͽ鷳˵ʲô£

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Ҳǵͷʦ˵ҩ츳ԺǿǾԵĳ㰡ʦδǸҪúõıˡ
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׵Ҳǿĺܣ͵ǰвĿǰҪġ
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֪ΪֱӵӦþʯˡ
ʦܸǾͲҪô˰ɣԺǻʦܰæء
ӵҲЦϣܹһ⼫ƷԪǸʲôζ
λ˼ĳȻףֻ⼫ƷԪҲǽƶɡƷԪŻǿƳģ
׿ɲ̫䶯ƷԪʵѾǷǳĲˣ
ڼƷԪһ仰ƥﻳ׿ɲԼץȥҩģ
ʵǿӦòԼʵ΢ȴӵҩ֮Ҳʮֵܻӭ
ԣŲҪı¶Լ
ƷԪҲѾǷǳĺˡпϲ
һԵһֱδ˵׵ĻҲĳȣ
ԼʦڵһҩʦܳϣҲֻżܹƳƷԪ֣
ƷԪֱ붼룡
ڵ֮ǰôĵףĻٸ˼ûİɣ
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ʦܣ֮ǰԭҪӵģƺЩ̫ˡ֪ʦԼʲô㣿ʦֻҪģһ㡭
ҥҲǽ׵һĹˣ
׿˵˵֪ʲôʯıȽϿĵطҪӦþʯˡ




3137  ׬Ǯ
 

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ҥ˿ףҲЦʵ
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ʯȱʧڳһ˲ȱʯأ
ĵıԴ
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ҲΪʲô˵ȱʯʱһԼӶЦԭˡ
׵Ķ棡
ŪһԼĳ˵ʦܣܲܲҪôЦʯֹȱǶȱ
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ܲԼŵҩȥ۰ɣǱۺ֮˿Ļǵʱ򲻵òʯԼҲôȥ
׿ɲΪԼ޵еĴڣʵҲǸͼĴڣ
Ȼ֮֮˺һЩҲ˶ˣ
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Увͨˣü
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׿⼸˵ӣҲЩƵʵ
ȻɽһƬʵеȣ˭֪ƶ࣬ǺĵӣÿҲʮƷʯѣȥ˷иûȥһɷһЩҩĻ˭Լã˼ȥ
ҥ׵ӣҲεĽ͵
ʵҲΪʲôҥӵ˿֮쳣˷ܵһԭ
ҩĵȷǲôأϾԪĲϼΪͨ
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óͨĵҩ϶Ʒʷǳһ֣ɾܶҲ֮ͣ
Ϊܶණма
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ٺ٣֮ðһûȥأ
ҥмĺܣԭΪԼǿдߵһ鷳
ڿ˼ʲô鷳ֱвèˣ
˼ҩʯԼʵҲν顣
ʱֻҪһŵĵҩǲ֪ҪʡȥǶٵĿأ
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ЩΨΨŵŵ˵ʦܣǷҵȥΣϤһЩҡҲԸ·ģ
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оЩˣƽʲôƷĵҩ
˵ʵ
ԼʦܳϣҪƽҲ޿ܡ
װڰֵʦֻѰƽԪĲϼɣȻˣԽԽãʣµ齻Ҿˡ
ʦܲ˵ҵҲֻԪĲϣÿȡĲҲʮֵޣҵˣܹȡĲϲݡ
ҲЩǸȻ˵Լ˷ѵĲ϶֪жˣ
ҪϵʱȻòⲻò˵һַˣ
ԣһڳԲɸӣȻ˵ĻҾҩƳһʱǰȥϤһ»Ҳá
׵˵
˺ܿͷжȴһֱҥĺԺ֮УҲûг
һ֮󣬵׺һγʱ򣬼Ѿװ糯ŷеķˡ




3138  ڵ鷳
 

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ҥӡλףһгɽ˹ȥ
һȻ뿪ڣûκε֪
һҲΪҪµģ
ļҲ쳣˷ܣ
һµʱ䣬׵ʵҲڻţϾ֮ǰռ籩˱Ƚϵء
һʱĻָʵҲǷǳ顣
׸оԼһʱӦҲͲˡ
ֻûʱĻ쳣Ļ
ΪҪ˵Ļܹƺõҩˣ
ʦܣһǿǽɽΪǿ֮һŶڵΧһ»Ҫ͵һЩ
ҥһҲ֪׵Ƣ
Цŵǲȥ㶫Ȼ㶫ѡ
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׿ӣҲЦе˵ʵ˵ҲǿԲ¸˾Ųʮˣ
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һԵĺӵĻҲЩǵʵʦ֣ԺҪβˣ
ϢǺúøִѧϰѧϰɣƵĿźε
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βʵʵڵĿ󹤵Ĵ׸Ͳһεģ
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ˣ
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ЩεĿһЦʦ֣⡭ⲻ֮ǰ˵Ǹʵıʲôλ϶Ƿǳĸߣұ˳ʲô
Ȼ֪ʲô˼ˣĶӣ
ڵһڵԺʲôùӳԲɣ
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ҥν˵ֻҪһֱĸϵĻͲʲô⡣
Ҳǵͷҥ˵ûʦûзʲôټŵĵλӦҲеġ
װڰֵôôɣԺֻҪ˵ҩʯǲɣһֱŷһ仰ʵΪҲʵһֲ𣿡
԰԰ʦ֮ܵ˵ڣǾŶڵ˼ʦܣҲǷ֡һڵĲʲô
Ҳһν˵ھĺţ氡
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һַƺӵĿţֱݲһҩ֮УȻʼ
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еǱˮڣȻѾ̶ȣӲҪ鷳Ļ϶Ƕ㲻ȥġ˵ˣͷڹǿɲҵԸ񡭡
׿ˣҲ΢΢һЦƺûнνУ
ʦܣСǸ˹ƶˣУɵСһЩ
ҥ˵УҲ̲סѵ
ǰʦܣ˷ǳڹƻģʱ㰲һʲôĻǿɾͲ̫ðˣϾǶڵĵӣ
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Ȼ֮ǰǶûʲôʱʲô飬¾Ͳܹȥȵˣ
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˿ףҲһļ
ҩʦڴ˵Ļôʯƺúܼˡ
ɱ
׼ǰŶڷ֮ʣǰ治Զһɽ֮Ʈһȴɵ




3139  Ľ
 

ɽĳ
ԭ׵˼ǰһŭ֮Ҳڵ
ǰǰ浽ʲôҪȻȥ
ҥӺףҲüʵ
̵ʦãǻǸϽԶǷ֮ذɣǸҵȲǼֱ
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ҲһԸ͵ɲʲôڶʲôġ
ǲСӰҼҶѣɱǿɾͲǶϷˣ
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һԭԻ֮أ׵ҲĴߵС·
һΪ˱ڵˣһҲΪץʱš
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ɽȵķҲһ㶣漴̵ͷ
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˷ǽʶ֮һױΪǵĹǣ
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أʦܡҲĿɿڴʵ
νЦЦѲλΪǸϲɵӲɣȥҲһºģΣգҿ϶һʱˡ
ǡ
οףʶôʱ䣬һһαһιְ
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׵ıӰʵʵҾʦȻ³çʵǸǳһҲһġǻʦܵĻ뿪˵ɡ
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Ψһǵˣһ嶯ˣ
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һɺɱɢһƬɽ֮У
Ѿ̽ɽȵϷԶʮλΧһһŮ
һһŮһ֪Ѿǿ֮ĩǿ֧š
׵ʶѾɨһȦ֮Ϊ׵ĺ񽫾۷ʵ
Ǻ˶սλӣʵǺ˲֮䣡
ֻԵŮʵȴҪһЩӦǸո̤񽫺ڣ
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ûŮΪ۵ĻȥҲʲô⣡
óӵʵս쳣ķḻŮӾͲˣ
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ԶʼջǸŮûκε
ŮһԵӣҲǵʦ֣߰Ҫˣȥ˭Ҳ߲ˣ
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Ϊ׵ĺ˺ƿڱԼǰϳ
ں濴ţһӱ
֮ƺЩ̲õĸо˿һԵĻĶתͷǺ˿ȥǵ˭ҾŶɽô꣬ûˡ
ˣû߷ϻĶҪôһˣҪôʬ塣ҵСֻϣԵõŶڵľľ
Ϊ׵ĺ֮һḬ֮̃ɫǴߵģ֤ľǸöˣ
룡ľҾŶ֮һĶҲǵóѵġʦ֣ȥ游״ˣһĶҲܹ֮֮֡
ĶȻת״˿̿ŻĶݣ˲֮У




3140  ȻĶ
 

Ķ
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ΪԼ˷֣ҥӵ˿¾δˣ
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ֻһĿһֱĶŻĶǻĶɫߺޱȡ




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ĻΪʲôټͻᱻԼأ
ղǻĶ׻ĲðһԣҪ֪һ˷ǵʱԼǳԲ˶ˣ
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ҩʦҩʦô˰ղʶԲһ֮˿Բٿصİɣ
ǲţʱ׻ûʲôη֮ģ
ĸ֣ͲΡΡ˵ˡ
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Ҫ֪绹δ˵ĵҩܹĹܡ
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ǻĶƺЩȱ۵ĸоЦŵ̫ʦܣʦûȥĻҿƼʦҾŶڡ
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οղ׵˵Ȼȱܾòô£
ʦǰɣĳ֪ʦֵ뷨ʦִɷģĳǷ罣ھ޹ϸĳԸʦ֣ʦȥҲѾɽڵˣ˷ǰŶڣΪһЩҩ׬ʯѡ
׿ӣ֪Сʲô
Ĺҧʶİ
ӣҲֱԲ˵
˿ֵ̣ˣΪ˼ԱˣڱǾŶһţôϷ罣أ
ʦ˵ﻰĳô뷨أȻʦȥҾŶڷҩĳʦԸ򵼡
ҲЦֻЦΪΣ
û˵ʲôһԵĻĶƺҲ׵ĶԻҲǺݺݵĵһۡ
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3142  ִŶ
 

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ףԪʵ̫ͨĵҩóʲôأ
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׿ŻĶǲ˵
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׿ŻĶҲһΣ
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ĶΪ֮ǰ罣ڵ׷ɱҲʱԵûʱף
׵ҲνûҲһģ
Ĵ£ҲǳžŶڷеķ˹ȥ




3143  ̫
 

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ⷻеȷ㣬֮ɽǸǴֹ
һŶڣֵܹϵɽһʳ
֪絽жôĹˣ
ɽ쳣ѣԭסȴǳĶࡣ
ܶǿӣ˿ڵķҲԽԽֲ
ΪʲôԴôϡȱΪЩԭס
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ʦܣŶߵ֮УֻһȽϳģ
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ﲻڵĵ̣˵ҲҪǳעġ
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ȥҲǸоһĲ˼һ㡭




3144  ҩʦȼ
 

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˵ⵤҩֵʱһŮҲӵɵĹԲģ

һЦ׵˵ĶУŮ׼Цĸо
һԵһĿ׵ڸЦ𣿡
߻Ȼվǰ·ϵö˸оһĴۣ
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ҲԼֻͣ˰ķ֮иоһļ
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ŮҲǽƺΪϲΪʦ
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Ǻðɣʦ㣬㽫ҩóɡ׿һԵ
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ЦŵԪбҪ֬ƿװôôĲгأ
ֻǵ޴֬ƿһ˲䣬ɫ˾˵ı仯




3145  ֮
 

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ԭЦѾƺܵԪ̲һɼΪǿ
⡭Ԫ
޸оһĲ˼飬ȻҩûóԸо̫Ԫ
ƺַǳֻǱ֮֮ǰͨԪҪǿ̫̫ˣ
¹ԪƺûбҪƭ˰ɣ
׿ųޣҲ΢΢һЦ
һԵҥҲ΢ЦѰƷԪȷЩ˷ˣ
ϾǲֵǮ
֮ǰ볤ԣһƷԪҲʮƷʯѣ

ľһЦ
ҲΪʲô볤ϸмһ˵ԭԪҪϸĻôƼҩʦҲˣ
볤ϳᣬҲǶһˣ
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޿볤ϣҲЩȷ˵
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סĶеŵҩ֮Ĩһ˿𾪵ûпĻ⡭ǼƷԪû뵽ȻܹԪ˵ľأʵ̾Ϊֹ
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ԭЦҲ˿Ҳûκε֮ģ
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صĻʵֻҪӵʵӵһУ
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ȻˣһƷԪ϶ģ⼫ƷҩǿǷǳĺģЧӦҲǷǳĺãĵҩȥеĺôȻǲö˵ˡ
볤ϿףҲЦŵ
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¹ﲻлңȻĻȻˣЦŵ
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һǾͲһˣǲϣκ֪Ƶĵҩô
׿볤ϵӣԥƬ̵Ȼ볤Ҫ֪ĳҲǲԸ֮ĳҲϣ볤ϿԴӦĳһ顭
Ŷʲô飿СҪܵĻǾͲصˣĳͻǺϵģ
볤׵ĻҲЦŵ
ȻҪܵģ˵һ飬ǾǺ
׿볤ϣǹӲݾܾƾǺܹ߱ģ
̫к𣿡볤Ϻͳ޼ͬʱ
ֻ볤ϻг¹ѡ׵
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ṩҩǰô򵥡ǰǱܣʵʱ̫ҲԸṩһЩ
׿볤ϺͳޣҲЦ
㵹ǻֻǰṩʲôôѲɽΪⵤҩ˭ƵģҾҸ볤ôôأ
ЦʵҲֱĿס
ָͷɹǣΣ
ɽֻҪԴԴϵĹӦҩǾԲʧġû˻֪ⵤҩӺζһԸṩŷ񡭡
޲볤ϴӦѾǴӦ
̸Ҳ̫˳˰ɣһԵЩ۵ͬʱҲΪ𾪣
ʲô˵ǰǸƼҩʦȻҲһֱǣűߵĸо
Сѣڿ˵˰ɣ
볤ƺںĹ֪˭˵ҩġ
˵ⵤҩԼƵģ֪볤Ųţ
׿볤ϺͳҲЦŵֻһԵ볤Ϻͳ޵׵ıˣ




3146  £
 

㡭˵ʲô
볤Ϻͳ޼ͬʱʵǵ˲֮ɫ
һҩʦȼ֪ˣƵҩ
ƵĻǼƷҩ
ĿӵЦ
볤Ϻͳ޶ôģǾ̫˼ˣ
Ҿ֪λţҲûа취
Ҳý̫࣬Ҳν˵
಻Сѣʵ⡭ŵĺܡûпĻСѵʵӦֻڰɣȻ˵ҲܹƵĳƷҩģǡ
볤ǽһưҩƳģ
˼˵ĸǰʵЩ̫ˣ
һԵĳҡҡͷܣԲܣ볤ϣҲ˵ƼƷҩֻϵĿܣʵܵģ
ǰҲֵĵطСĿƵĻҲûбҪѡϾԺܺôƵġ
볤ϵĶףҲҪ׵û˵ѣ
һԵǰ֤ЩҩʦƵġʱ˵ʵǵһμʦƵҩʱ򣬸ڵ뷨࡭
桭Ƶģ⡭Ҳֲ̫˰ɣֹӣ̫ŽڿȤ
޿ףֱӿʼǽˣ
¹ʲô˼
׿ųޣҲһε˵ǽڵҲ̫˰ɣ
Ȼ
˵֮ⷬһԵҥɫǱˣ
ʱߵĻô˵ʵǺѽܵġ
СĪᣬС֮ʷСȷʵЩϧˡҲǺģϾ̫ŽʵǿԵġ
볤е뷨ʵ޲࣡
һŰǵǰ뿪ĻǱˣ
׿볤Ϻͳ޵˵ʱû뿪ŵ뷨еĻʱȻһͻῼ̫Žڣ
ײǲ뵽ߵƽ̨
һССڵȷ̫СˣҲܴߺܳʱġ
ֻڵʵɲһֱ£
ҪıԼʵԺԺ˵ˣ
̫Žڣ
Ȼ֮Ҫܶ࣬ŵĹģҲǷǳĴ
ԽĵطԽǲпᣡ
ײ¾ڵʵǱ˸ϵĻҲǳԲ˶ߵģ
׿˺׼ǰ볤Ϻͳһ㲻˼֮ˣ
Żʵ棬֪Щʱ¶Ҳһָõұ
һֱ̽飬ԼڸΣյľ֮У
ڰԼȴҲܹõıԼ
ȻСô˵ˣҵȾ͵Сѱˡ£ųһЩʱҲǺõģ
볤Ҳûй˵Щʲôֻ֮쳣𺳣
׵ͷл볤Ϻͳ¹⣬֮¡
֮ͷİɣȻǺˣԺͽҾˣ
޿ףҲЦе˵
ãһʱڣÿ»ᶨṩһЩҩԵͼҩΪĿǰֻżƷԪһֻôˡ
׿ųޣҲ
һԵ볤΢΢һЦ۶ٵĵҩ̫жġ
ĳȻ֪ĳֻϣҵ鲻Ҫ֪ǵĺҲֹֻˡ
׿볤Ϻͳޣһ˵˵࣡
İɣŲ֪ġʵкܶ˶ҪܵģȻֹЩ⣬˵㻰
޴ŰƱƺҲԽԽȤˣ
һڵСһȻ˵ݵȣԲһ򵥵˰
лλ֪ⶫʱЦʵ
Ἰÿ춼Уֻڲͬожѡ̫ҲһС͵ᣡ޿Цʵ
ŶǿǸϵ粻ϵˣЦЦ
ֹûסĻ̫ЪЪţҴֱӲμἴɡ
޿ףҲЦ
СѣڻЩʲôһȥҩддΣ
볤ƺ˼Ѿ֮ˣһεĿף
д裿
ЩƵĿ볤ϣ֪볤Ӧʲô뷨
㣡
Ҫںǵһα˵;ܾƺҲǲ̫ã
һԵĳҲЩ˵ֹӣҲҪ㵽ôأʹӦ볤ϰɣٺ١
ǺðɣȻ볤Ҫһĳôþܾأ
΢ԥһҲǵͷ
˳̫еĺԺ˹ȥ֮⣬ÿ˵鶼쳣˷ܣ




3147  д裿ѣ
 

̫кԺ
һ·ǰУȻ볤ϵǰ棬⵹һЩ뷨
Ӧ̫Žڻ˵̫еĵλҲͣ
˵Ҳûʲô
λԽߣԼԽΪ
ڣ
볤ϿЦŵСѣ㿴ʲôҩȽϵĺʣ
⣡
׶ûôĽȻ˵ĿǰԴ߷ʵǺǿ
ľԭڳˣټʵʵˣ
ԾѶȼһЩĵҩ˵ӦҲǿԳصģ
ο볤ϲǻƼҩʦ׾ȫӦԣ
⣿Сѻǳţ»
볤Ҳ¶һ˿ЦݣֻЦݿȥЩζѣ
һԵĳЩʵҲһλҩʦֻʵ֮΢߳һЩЩ
׾Ȼ˵⣬кȻ֮ӿֳһɺǿ֮ģ
ô
ȻҪĻǿɾ͹ֲ׳ˣ
ֹӣǼ볤ֵıƽƣҪȻǽһƽΣ
޿ףҲǵʵ
ƽ
ǿ񽫼ǿãƵѶҲǼģ
ƽļ۸Ҳޱȣ
Ϊʲô
ΪƽѶĴ
ƽҪǿ߲ſ
볤ǻƼҩʦʵҲǴﵽ磬ҲΪʲôƽһԭ
ƽ볤ʲô־ǾǿЦˣ
볤ϱ˵ŪҲɫͨ죬Щε˵಻ǳɹƳƽѣû˵ôţ
볤ϣǫʲôȻֹӶ˵ˣӦҲԵģ
޿ףΪһʼն˵ţ
Լô⣬ܹôĴݣ
ƽ
ȵҩǿɲģ
׿ųƵҲ֪óʵ˾ǽŽɵģ
ֻ׻δ˵һԵѾǶų޵¹Щǿ˰ɣƽǿǻƼҩʦſƵģ
Լ˵ʲôԵ
޿Ҳ֪Ц̫ܿˡ
ֻҪһ˵ӣû뵽ȻһԵŮӰ
ҲûκεĶ⣬ĻҲЦЦ
ҥų޵ӣҲ̫̫еˣϾ˼λŶģ
ĵһӴǳԲ˶ˣ
ҥҲǵͷ¹Ҳƽʵǡ
볤ݸһЦСѣƽȷѶϵҿǲ绻һɣԪȻĵҩСܹԪƵ˵ľҲҪѧϰһ
볤仰ǻ˵ΣǽԼһѧϰߵλãżΪ
޿ҲʵֹӣƽƲˣǾͻһɣ
ޣôô죿ֹܹԪƵ˵Ƿ켫Ѿ˵˼֮ҵȸһֻǰʵ˼ʱܹƽѣ
볤ϿųޣüͷҲ
Ҳü޹ͱˣƺǴŵķ緶ɣ
˺ˣҪˣ
׿ΪԼ۵ĲɿҲǰڰֵ
ʦܣǾƸԪ£ϾȽϵϤ
ҥȻǲ붪ӣȻ̫Žڵģ˭Ҫأ
ο߻һţˣ
ǰ޷ǾҪѹǶѣ
ڵһ˵ȣƢٺãָűҲЩƣ
˵ԼҲνʦѾǿƳƷԪˣƾʲô˼أ
㣬Ȼ¹Ҫƽǽƽˡʱ볤ΪһԿͺˣ
׿볤ϣҲ΢΢һЦ
Сѣ⡭Щ׳˰
볤ϿףҲ¶һ˿ŵЦݡ
ƽ
볤˵ƽЩŵģȻƳĲƷƽ
ܹƳƽѾһϵҫˣ
̫ŽܹƳƽģҲǺܶ࣡
ֹôֱأֹӣĪ㲻ң
һֱ̼ףϣʲôʱˣ
һԵ볤һޣ񣡡
¹ôҪĳƵҩ׿ųޣҲǺ
޺ٺһЦҾҪֹѧϰѧϰֹ֪Ӹأ
Ȼ˵Ļĳһ³¹Ըɣƽ䷽øҿһ¡
״ʱҲûκεǫ飬Ȼ˵
һʱ䣬ڵ




3148  Ӧ
 

Ӧˣ
ҥ˿ףһʱҲ֪˵ɶˣ
ЦľǳޣԭһֱΪ׿϶ܴӦġ
ƽ
˵ˣԼҲøܣ
ƽôƵĻҲˡ
Ƽҩʦ볤ϣҲǽܹƳƽѣһھܹƽ
˵ȥҲûκŰɣ
볤Ͽף֮һ˿ʵСѣ޲£ͲҪһʶˣ
޹볤ϵһκ޹ȻĳʧҲòһЦɣǺǣ
˵˵ޱȣһ˿ڶг
⵹ԭɾʮĳЩ̫˼ˣ
ЩεĿ׵ֹӣҡֻǡ
޹ﲻ˵ˣҩ䷽ù׼òϼɣ
׿ųޣҲЦŰڰֵ
볤Цŵⵤҩ䷽൹ϤĺܣҲֳɵġΪֹ΢˵һ°ɣ
ŶҲã׵ͷ
ҲǵһԿʼоƽƷ
ԭҪƵҩŪõһͰģƽѧˣԺǻиѡ
˷磬ʵΣ
ҪıܹƳܹˮĵҩҩһ϶Ҫߵˣ
Ȼ·߻ˣҪв
һߣ
ҥ׺볤ϵıӰҲ͵ʦĪǷ˲ɣǡǿƽ
ǰҲоʦЩˡƽҪܹƵأ
ȻǷǳϤˣ
ҲûܹƳƽ׷Ҫ̫Žڵ˸ǰܣҲЩ̫嶯ˣ
ʱһʧˣȻûʲô̫ʧ
̫Žڵ˻ô룿Ҳúܣ
ζһϲֹͨ۵ĺִܵ˵ƣҹӦǿԵģ
ԣΣô֪أѲʵɣ˵ûôĿˣ
ִʵҲ֪ģǿһЩִ˵ֳܹŵġҾһӦҲԡ
ζףһּȵĳݣ
˵仰ԣһʼ׵ĴЩ֮Աǣ
ǾȻܹվ̫Уܹ̫Žڵ̸Ц
ξãԼⱲӿ϶Ҫִˣ
ԣ˵ĻŲɣ
Ǳ˾òܣУûϣģ
Уʵ̫ˣ֪ƽѶȵжڶûܹƳĵҩһ񽫳ڵܹ
źΣҲû˵
ӵͷܳҲͼƹƽɣҼǵúʧܵĺܲң
ţʦȷƹƽƽɲͨ񽫼ĵҩ֮һĵҩѶҪüҲֹһʦܾԲƵóƽġ
˵˵ôļƳĻǾǵ߸Լģ
Ϊһҩʦĳʶеģ
޿Цŵֹ˵ţôôûأҵǶģ
ˣ
˴ӳ޵֮пڴɹĿ⣿
ųޣü޹αأʦܶ˶޹˵Ҳʲôֵýɣ
ˣǾöˣڵƲƽʲôö˵ģ˵ʵֹҳ޻Ǻģ
޵˵ʵǱ׵۷ˡ
һ˼ôţôŵ˵ĵز
ˣã¹˵ҲеֹܹһҾѾΪˣ
ҥҲЩҰο˵ʵǲ֪Ӧô˵ˣ
һ˵ȴ˿̿׺볤ǱʲôǵĿ֮жһ˿ζ
˵ʵ
˿˵𺳵ģ˵һһݷɶ˻Ƕһҩʦģ
οûпʼĳɹˣ
Ǿǿʷ֣
볤ϣڿԿʼˡ
׵Ļ뵽˵ĶУһԵ볤Ҳɫһ䡣
ʵСѣҪʼˣȻ㽲ˣǡ
볤ϣҵ˼ˡҵ˼Կʼˣ׵˵
ţҪ𣿡볤ϸǲ첻ѣ
׹Ц볤ƵҩһȹĦһ顣ʱҲָ볤һҲ˵أǹͬд
ָһ޵ɴ۾ס
볤ƺûдԶǰˣһֵãȻֹ˵뷨ĳҲˡ
أ
һɫѾչ˵ĸǰ




3149  ָ볤
 

ɫ
ǴҩʦǱĶ
Ҳ˵ǲʲôĻ볤ӦÿԳΪ̼ҩʦ
ѾǳΪƼҩʦˣʱܹٳ߸ͷһĻⱲӿҲ޺ˣ
볤ƺԼǳ⣬⿴˿һԵף
ֻǳ볤΢΢һЦ
ݣ
ҩǰ
ζҩѾһԵĽҩ֮У
ֻ볤Ȼ裬ܹ˵Ĵݲȣ
ƽһʮζҩģȻҲܲٿص̫࣡
ܹһӷ뼸ζҩģԿó볤ϵʵǲˣ
ڣ
Ǽζҩĸոҩ֮УѾڻ˿
볤ϵƲϵı仯ƺڴԼ𲻶ϵĶҩĽᴿ
ʶÿһζҩģһԵĳ޺ҲĽѣ
ţ볤ϣٻϣʶȫõ
׿볤Ѿ׼˵ڶҩģҲֹ
ףʱܹ㲻֪𣿡
޿׵ӣҲǺǳ
ôǳԵĵѲɲ
΢΢ҡͷ볤ȻԿƵĺܺãֻҳԶѡ
Сѣ˼ǻᴿΣĻǡǿҵʵ֧Žҩư
볤ϿȥƺЩΪѣ˵Ļγ֪أ
볤ϣЩҩ֮ԭֱ̺ɢǣЩ𣿡
׿볤ϣҲǳ
⡭⡭Сѵ˼ǱձƲɣ
볤ҲǱ׵ĻһƽʧܣﻹпȥЩأ
׵ĻЩˣ
ȷ
ĺķ˵ȷǿһЩģ
Ȼӣһǰ
볤ϣղҴԵļһ£ӦÿÿζҩĶᴿΡЩҩ֮ͷųٿ֮һټڵʵϿˡԳһ¡
Ҳޱȣ֮ô
һһᴿҩ
ֻҪľ׼һЩʵȫǿģ
ɱСεᴿƽƷһΣ
볤ԥһҡҡͷСѣʱƽʧʣҩʦмصġҶᴿΣǺķѵǳӴҿ¡
볤ϣǺʧܣɲصʲôҩʦˡһаɣο㲻ô֪ʧأ
˵Ȼ볤ԵûУʵ̫ˣ
Խ
Խоһ
֪һ볤ϳͷĻʱ¾֪ĺôˣ
ֻּһҪǳľ׼
׾ǿǿʶָܹһ볤ϣĻҲֻܹɵˣ
Ȼˣ볤ִⲻ˵ĻҲûκεİ취
׵ĻҲŭһֹӣʲô˼Ī볤ƳƽöˣȻ߹ƻɣ
ֻ޵Ļ׸ûκεĴ
볤ϼ볤ϣôԥȥĻҪᴿΣҲˣ
ǺãҾСѵģ
볤ϵϾԥ֮ɫ˵ıԼϰһʹ飡
Ƶǣ˵ķҪӵľȷ
һʧĻǾʧܵģ
ʱһһĹȥˣ
볤ϵɫҲǱò԰ޱȣһζҩûн֮ǰоԼѾЩĴˣ
ȴҲһָоǾԼʶƵҩĹУо׵ķЩô
Ȼҩʶȥûжô
û뵽һζҩĵʱԼнһЩ
ƴˣ
볤ҧҧȻһҩ֮еȻֱӽһζҩҩ֮У
˵ʶǽĶһԵ볤ϣ
ס
ΪǶ֪ѾǵΪؼʱˣ
˿̣
볤¶֮ɫƺƾԼ־֧һεҩ
˵볤ѾǺľһ˿
ڽļ֮ڣܹɵҩƵĻӦþͻʧܶˣ
ƣ
ɫһηҫ۵Ĺâ֮֮һεĲǿ
أ
볤ϵһŭҲ̱˵ϡ
˿ҩ֮ȴɢһ㣬˸оһĿ
ͨ
볤һ˵ϣѵ˸оҩ
볤֮еһɲ˼ӣҲˢˢĶ볤ϸǰҩ֮У
ɹ˻ʧˣ
޿볤û£Ҳʶʵ




3150  Ʒƽ
 

ڣ
ʱķ֮һƬžһ̶ڴ볤ϵĻش
ȿȿȡ
һĿ֮볤ϸоһҡҡ׹
޼ҲǸϽǰ볤ϵ볤ϣû°ɣ
ûû£ޣ
볤ڳ޵Ĳ֮վֱԪȻϢ
ΪղһԵͿˣ
볤ҲֻҪݵĻָһԼվվˣ
ܿ죡
Ԫİ֮£볤ҲǽĻ
Ȼ볤˵ģǳ˵ȴҲûκεİ취ˣ
һԲ죬ȥʮֵĳȣ

ĳһ̣
볤һһվڵɫѾһ˿ĺ
޵˻׼볤ϵôˣ
볤ȴûдˣߵ׵ĸǰСѣջô꣬ջô갡
볤ƽûдֻƵĹȱһڳԵˣ
׿볤ϣʵҲܹ볤ϵģ
ƽĲȻ˵ǼΪ󣬿ҲҪĲٵʯġ
ܶҩʦȻϣԽԽˣ
Ļ˵ٷ֮ʮŵ˿¶ʧܶյģ
Ϊǲ˾ȷļƵḶ́
οһȻ˵ֺҲǲˡ
볤¶һ˿ЦݵǰС㣬ĳⱲҲûжͻˡһƵĵҩȻ֮֮ǰҪúܶడ
׹һЦƷƽѾܲˡɫӽƷƽ볤ҪƳΪƷƽҪᴿϣҪһŨ
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볤Ҳ֪ģһܹƳƷƽʵϻҪл׵Ϥָ
֮ǰĴ̼Ȼܲȡȼ˵
׺볤ϵ죬˽Ŀɿڴ
ֻһһһҳ
ԭĳֻҪ̼һף˲俴һţ
֮ǰȻ˵ҪָƼҩʦ볤ϣһﲻڶѣ
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볤ϵĻһоǻһ㣡
볤ϣ⡭İ˵ȥȻɹˣƽҲƳɹˣұ֮֮ǰĳɫȻҪã
һ˺ü⣬Ҳһźߣ
ȻһֱڻǲԸһʵ
볤ϵ˵Сţ̾ΪֹްԺǸСѻúúõĺ˵ԺСܹ߳Ҳ˵ء
߳磿⡭ôܣ
Ȼ̫Žڣ̫ŽҲô£
ڶʤݣ̫ŽҲʲôǰš
磬̫ŽҲһеƫһЩţ˶Ѱ
޹ƺʱ򣬼Ȼ볤ϵдѾˣĳǻ΢Ϣһ׼Ϊ˰ɣ
׿ųޣҲ΢΢һЦʵ
һת΢΢һЦףҵ츳ô
޹츳ǳĲ׷ܵ˵
˵ʵ
޵ȷ츳ǲ׵лʲôǣ
˼ҵԼˣԼܲ˵츳ҿɣ
գǡ֮ܲܽ̽
޿ףһϡ
ü޹ʵ΢ȴŴڣ⻹ǲ̫ʡ
ߣô֮ǺϵҰ㵹ҩʵΣڸղ˵ɷֺ죬ҲҪˣ
޿ףҲҧҧ
ɵķֺ죡
ĿƳ㹻ĵҩɵķֺ۲ġ
޲ȱʯȱһõʦ
ȻһֱЩòףСŴĴԼ
Ҳòϣһ츳ȷЩˡ
ǿ볤ĻƼҩʦ˼ҾȻָܹˣ
ôָĻӦǲڻˣ
ָһҲǿԵġų޵ĻҲɻء
һ⻰Ȼֱӹµʦϣͽһݣ
ۣ
׺ûһѪԼɶʱӦͽˣ
ͽ޹ﻹǻῪЦû˵
޺ٺһЦʦղŲǴӦָһνһΪʦΪʦ޵Ժʦˡ
ɡ볤ϲʦ𣿡ƵĿųޡ
ҡҡͷ볤Ͽɲҵʦ𣬰˵ҲֻҰʦˣ
СѣԸӣĵڿҺѧôһοҪʦСѴӦԺ̫еĹͣ
볤⻰˼ԲˣֻҪӦԺôӦò٣
ԼҲûκεĸóĵԼѲɲ
ο޻кĹϵ棬⵹ЩĶˣ
ҪԼͽô򵥵飿




3151  ޵ͷ
 

ͽ
˵ʵ
׻ûͽҲϣʼѵ֣
ޣ
Ů޵ֻǱһ΢ôһЩЩѣ
ͽ׾ñͽҪĻǸԼһĿɽ
ԼʵûһԱľʱһвȶضҪɱҡ֮У
ο֮ǰԼһʱ嶯¶Լʵ
ڱ˼ҿˣ˵ҲǺ飡
ټȻһ㣬ɺҲƷӶݵĽӴ޵ĵطǳĲ
׿һ볤ϣȻֿ˿ޣ˵ͽĳû޹ʵһҪǿϲٰɣ
ʵǿһЩΣļֹ֮Ӳǲһǰ㣬ԭǴ볤ѧϰѧϰҸıˣ
޿صĲ׵ڣһδ
Ȼˣʵͦ˵ģ
⡢ţ
Ȼ໹㲻ҲûеԵĳ̶Ȱɣ
һ˸ȴó޸о˺ܶĲͬ
볤ЦŵҪСʵ֮Ҳǿ̫ˡΪСʵ޵ĻСѵǰֵһˡ
볤ˣ޹ĴҵͽĳЩȴҲҪŪ׵ģ
׿볤ϣҲǱȻ
һԼ˵ֹӣʲô޷
뵽֪޹ﵽʲôݣ׻һתʵ
һԵҥһɻĿף
޲̫еһԱʲôأ
ںȻ֮ôʣҲһͷˮĿ׺ͳޣ
ֻǳɫһ䣬ȻʵѲ㡭ʶң
ĳʶ޹ҡҡͷ
ΪʲôúõҲ̫дӵĶѣֹӶôô
ԥһҲǿ׵
Ȼ޹ﲻĳ˵ʵҪһͽܵҲȤҲɣ
׿ųޣҲǶȻܾ
볤һ㶣漴ЩȻʧЦֹӿЩͬǰɣ
ô֪أȷ֮ǰҲûмοɽһСŵˣѲǴӶʤݹĲɣ
׵ĻܵŸָĿԣ
׿һ۳޵֮ǰԺʱ޹Ϊһˣȴ볤ϵǰ棬˵򣬲Ӧ÷ɣο̫еЩ˿޾èһ㣬ⲻ𣿡
׵Ļ޺볤Ҳסˣ
һԵҥúӵƺҲЩȻһ㣡
ȷˣ
ղŽʱֻǽעȫ׺볤ϵϣ
ڳˣǻûô̫⣡
Ͼ˵ƺЩпһ㣡
ֻǻ֮ǰ֣볤϶ڳƺһֳѰչˣ
ԭˣ
ҲƵĿף֮ǰҲһʱ˷һЩˣ
볤ȻʧЦСѹ۲Ļǹϸµġ޵ȷǸɽ̫зֲû̫ʱ䣬׼ȷ˵Ӧֻһʱ䡭
ֻǶЩɻѡҵͽݶҪĻĳʦͽϵҪҲա
൱иԣȻˣôҲΪҪ˽һƣ
ǳûʲôݣֻҪҪͽĻҲûκεģ
ǲ̫ϲƭ
볤Ͽһ۳ޣԥһСѣһʣ˵ˣҲǺߵĹϵ֪޵ݣʵҲν飬
ˣ볤ϣԼ˵ɡҵݱ֪Ҳû¡
޿ףƺҲЩͨˡ
ת׵ʱҲǼֹӣ˵ҵݣǲǾһӦأ
ҵͽܣԺһоҪҵˣûлش޵⣬ֱӵ
һһж𣿡ʱ򷴶Щԥ
޹ͽԸͽһˡ޹ýܲ˵ĻǾ͵ûзҲ֪޹ݣֻҪ֮ɣ
׿ޣƺĺܣ
ЩŵôôİԵأߣԽǲձΪͽǱﻹԽҪͽܡû⣡
ޡ
볤ԭֻǿ׵츳
ó޸׿϶ǿѧһЩģ
ǰݸʦҲν顣
͵ǰ׽̫Žˣ
ʲô׵ģɾͲ̫ðˣ
Ͼ޵ʵЩ̫ˣ
볤ϣѾ˵ˣȻ֪볤Ҫ˵ʲôת׵ֹӣ̫Žүү˰ɣ




3152  ոŮ޵ͽ
 

̫ŽŮ
׿Ŷĳޣֻ赭дʵ
ƺһк²Щ˾Ųʮһ㣡
ֻһԵҥ⻰ǸоǼʲô˲õһ㣡
̫Žڣ
ǿǶʤݵǿţɽΪǿ̫ŽŵУҲ㲻ʲôģ
ɼһ̫ŽڼܹƽɽĴڣ
ֻ̫в̫Žڣ޳طʵ˸оЩ˼飡
ֹӺ񲢲Ծ
ģҲЩӦˡ
һʲôʱ򶼸оǳĳƨԭΪһԼ֮϶Ǿޱȣ
һóʧˣһǵûоȣѾ֪һ
׵˵˾Ųʮɣһҩʦ㶼˵˼ɣӦò͵ʲôطȥϾҩʦһŻЩλġ
СѹȻǴϻ˫һϸڱó޵ݣѾͷƽʱĺܣСҲиܹһˡ
볤Ͽף¶ϲɫͬʱ֮Ҳһ˿ĵ֮ɫ
볤ϵʱ֧֧ģƺЩ̫ʰɣ
⡭ȷЩ̫˵
볤ҲǸоһΣƺҪ˵Щʡ
üʲô£
Сѣɽ̫УҲ̫Žڵһˣڴڼ䲻ܹ¶޵ݣԻֹӼ¡
볤Ͽףô˵׺ܿʲô˼
׵˵ĳδҪ̫Žʲô˵ֻǳ¹ҵͽܣһжҵġ̫ŽڣĪ볤Ϊĳܹˣ
СˡҪɽṩһİĳƹӦӣ
볤ϐź룬Ȼ֪׵ıʲô
ܾײ򵥣ﲻһʱҲ˵

볤ϸоûҪǲĻҲҪһеıϹ
οڵĳֳ׵ͽأ
鷳ĳҲġĳһԼܽ飬Ѱ˰æġ
׵ȻһЦԺ󵽵˭˭˵أ
޿ףҲЦŵʦǲ֪һүүô˶ŵͬĵطΪľǿǵϵδ̫ŽڵӰˡ
ԭˣҵͽΪʦȻİæġ
׸ֶеʦģ
ͽûءʦڿʲôѣͽȻãȴҲǿ԰ʦһġ
ҲǺԥ˵ʵ󵽵ԼΪΪǸʤߣҲԵ֣
ѲԼҪɹܹɹ
ͬΪ̫ŽŮӸв֮ͬеľôһأ
ޣ˵úһ̫ŽŮ
ʵֻЩͨĵ΢һЩѡ
Ϊĸ׳΢ź
Ҳˣ
һֻгޱɵʵޱȵľŶڷڵ̫У
˵ʵĵطҪʵɼǲܵģ
ΪʲôҪΪʦ
ʵ뷨һЩԼҩʵ
ѣǺǣѣΪʦҲῪڵġʱʼ
׿ųޣҲʵ
ЦŵʦᶨҪȻǼλ̫ϢϢɣŶŵķҲûж˼
̫ɽõ֮һط̫֮еȷٵġ
ҲǵͷôҲû뵽׽̫ûһĹ򣬾ȻôĶ
̫ŽŮͽܣ
Ҫǻȥ˵ȥĻҲûκ˻ŵģ
˵ʵڻ
ԼĻǿҲʵ
ҲǶ׵δġ
Ҳã볤ϣĳи֮롭
׵ͷҲһεĿ˶볤ϣ
볤ЦŵС޵ʦǱǰ̫еˡ˵Ҫô𣿹Сʲô龡ܿڡ
볤ϣĳҪ̫нһЩʯá׿볤ϣԼҲЩ˼˵
һǮﵹӢۺ
׾ĸоôҲǴţץʱʵڲ
οΣҪǽѣ
СѣҪʯ볤Ҳԥʵ
ԽԽã
׿볤ϣҲǺԥ˵
СҪôʯʲôأ֪СҪʯǡ
һӵ볤ЩΪ֪Ҫôʯʲô
ʮƷʯɣֻҪֻҪʯ׳
һʱ䣡
˿׶оˣôʯһﰡ




3153  
 

ʮƷʯ
ҥӵ˵һʾ޿ˣ
ǵоһĴڣ
ɽ˴˵θҲС
οʮƷʯܹûδ֪أ

һʮʯܹ
׻ĲҴƱοڵ˵Ҳֻܹǰһһˣ
СѣʮƷʯҲǶѻɽˣһʯҪôֻķһЩ𣿸ο̫еʯǿʤݶͨõİ
볤ϿףʮƷʯȷһС֣
Ƕ볤˵ֵۣ
˵ģ˵ԼܹƷƽѾǼֵˣ
ʮƷʯܹ
׿볤Цŵ볤ϣĳʮƷʯȷмáڵ׸ʲôãˡĳܹ֮λ
ǲ֪СҪ洢ʲôط볤Ҳû̫Ľ飬ֱʵ
⵹һԵ𾪲ѣ
ʮƷʯ
˵֪Ҫܹܵĳ
˼ʦܽ˵һ£̫е˾ͲգһҪøˣ
Ҳƶ˸׻ͷˣ
ô洢ʲôطֻҪһƧ֮أȻʯǱ߼ɣ
׿볤ϣҲǵ˵
ʮƷʯȻ̫ܶ࣬кһֿ⵹ҲǿԴŵµģʦҪȻǱΣ
ԣЦŵ
볤ϵɻأҲ֪ÿ˶Լܣ
Ȼ˼ҪɵʲôǾ˼Ҹɵʲôˣ
Ѿǳ޵ʦ˼ĵĳһЩöĻô˵Ҳδؾǻ²
̫ĳֿ֮У
ֿ֮󣬵ȷ̾Ϊֹ
һ£̫ĴУôܴ洢طأ
ֻһЩֵߵĶǻòֿ洢ģ
Ͼ˷ѴĿռ䲻
Ҫ֪ļ۸ҲǺܵͣϾĲ֮ϡȱ֮һҪ̫ˣ
ʱ
׵ĸǰ˺һƬʯ˲ֿоһŨ
һ֮
Ҳʼ߶Լʶϵӿʮʯ

ŭһƺҪʮƷʯһ㣡
һһϪӲͬķӿһ㣬ϵĳڵķӿ룡
ֻιһ㣬ǶٵӿУ뺣ʧӰ٣
ʮƷʯһ˲ʧ
θ֮ҲЩĿ࣡
ĵöٵʯܹԭҵ찡
Ҳ΢΢ҡͷԭΪʮƷʯ֮еһӿУ϶ǿЩô
ôҲû뵽⵽Ȼһ
֡ס
һ̾Ϣ֮ʣ˲¶һ˿ϲɫ
Ϊһ쳣Ϥ
棡
û뵽Ȼʱһ
磬оԼһͷˮԼʲôط֪
ʱԲżеϣĸգ
ֻԺһֱûκεķӦˣ
棿𣿡
װסԼ飬ΪԼ̫г˻þ
ʱҪ֤һԼǲģ
ңСôʵôͰ
һףȻһƺĲһ
̾һ棬˵Ҳ̫ٵ˰ѾǶ٣û뵽Ȼͨǻ˳ռ籩˵ԩԩһûˣ
˵СԩҲȷǷǳԩһ˵ɹǵȳ֮ʵ϶ǡڳʶǲ֮⣬ʵ̫һЩ
Ҳ΢΢ҡͷƺһ˿֮ͬɫ
Ƶ˵棬ʶ㣬ܸһΪʲôҶưˣ
ʵ˵ԩҲһ㶼ԩӦòǵһζˣԱٸϳˡжС͵͵½֮ˣǿͨСû൱˰
Ļһ˿ֻζ棡
棬һķӦûУôȴܹˣ
׶ɻʵ
ٺһЦ磬ҵһȻ˰һϲͨģղʮƷʯһ㶼ûš
ֲãٺ٣Ժ棬Ҳܶˣ
磬¶һ˿Цݡ
ʲôҪָʵ뻹ϣСеĵءСأ
Ҳû˵׵ԵЩνӣ




3154  ԭʵ
 

СզܶʤˣʺĵطҲ̫һɣ
ΪͬĿףҲ΢΢һЦ
׿طҲû찡ʵ̫ֻܹѰָʵ˵ˣ
Сӵʵָǲѣ
濴ףһε¶һ˿Цݵ
ţѣа취
׼Ŀ棬֮ʵǿһЩĻԺȥҲиԱ֮ǰ
֮ǰ٣ȷʵһ֮ǰȻ˵Сʵһֱ
濴ףʵҲĽСӣ
ĴжСӸõˣܲ
Ȼܣ
ֻС֮ǰɽʱͶһ٣ټһСǶˣ
٣
ЧӣǾԿֲĴڣ
˵ģСһָĻҲһԲĸˣ
һﲻ֪Ϊʵֻͣڣ֪Լһʲôʵ
ΪأҪǿĻڶ֪ôٵԼʵ
棬ʲô˵ɣˣҷʵʲôԼûе
׿ЩƵʵ
浭˵۷壡
ɶ۷壿ļٵİ׿Ҳһʵ
۷Ļоⶫʤݻȥûˣ
˵ʵڻԼҲ֪һڳԲɸӣ
ԭԼʵӦòֹڴˣ񽫼Ĵڰɣ
Ļ˵Ǽٵģ
۷壡
ܹʵ˵ˣɽƽɶûκεˡ
۷Ϊǿô粻Ǹѣ
濴׵ӣҲ̲סĴ
棬⡭ⷹҪһһڵĳ԰ɣ
ĻҲƵ˵
ˣСǸֵ֮ǰһ϶ֻ֪ʱΪ޷ıݣûа취㹵ͨѡڣ͸Ӳڣ񽫾ǿ㶼ǣҪ۷壬ǿ߶ǣ
Ȼ֪׵Ը֪һʲôʵ
۷壬һ˵ȷǹˣ
Ƕһ˵ǵ˺ܶ࣡
˵ļǣԺ»õ͵һЩЦŵ
ȻҪ͵̤һ̣Ѿ˸ˣ
˶ˣɶ˼յ簡˭ʶҰ
ĻҲһƣ
Լ˸ˣԼڣ˭ĶԼôûϢ
СӻԼҪһݣػ߰
ûҡҡͷһΪԼǻӵģ
ҪӣҲûеİˣ
ػô˭֪أ
ĻüͷҲ
ػߣ
һε֮ǰĻ˵һôʹĲֹˮˣ
ݣÿһݶһػߣЩ˶ҫ۵ţ
ʵҲ⣬ɽʱһţ
磬ոշ۷ʵҲΪˣ
ֻʵֵĺܣԼô֪أ
̾һػߣm֮˱֪Ȼзܹ֪˭ػߣ
棬Ҽǵ֮ǰ˵ػΪ˱ġӦðҵǾɣΣһ˵أ
׿棬ҲƵʵ
һֵô򵥵ĻڶԴȥmˡmǴɽ֮أĳΪmĹǱԺˡ
ģ׵Щˡ
û뵽Լػ߻ȹ
ͷmһֱţΪ˭أǵأ
棬˵ĵطϣһm¾˲ϣһmɣ
׿棬ʵĵĶҲǵһľ磡
λ֮Ȩ˭Ը׵óȥأ
֪ͺãСɳ֮ǰmǰһ﷢֣Ļ
Ҳ΢΢ҡͷᵽm֮ˣƺҲЩµĸо
棬ɶʲô취ʵָܹ
εĿ棬νˮڣΪʵĻʵ
ʲômǶԺˣ




3155  ָ֮
 

̫еĲֿ֮У
ĵһҲһЩ
Ȼ˵˵Ϣклɶ˵ܹΪģ
˵ʲômmģʱԼҲû̫Ĺϵ
ػߣҲʵܹɣ
Լʵ˵ǴŴˣ´𶼲ˣ
ʵ
׾ΪǷȱĻʵ
Ψʵıϣ
εҲЦŵʵѾﵽ۷壬ֻΪռ籩ԭҪָҪһʱ䣡
Լǣǡ
׸Ҫ׼˵һЩʲôѾǰ˰֣
׵СһֱǼƢ֪ܲҪٵĻָʵǾҪһЩķˡֱӵķһǾҵ
ŶѾָôҲ۰Ͱ͵Ŀʵ
ָһЩСʵĻʵָҲӺˡƻڳ˯ǧ˰ģ
濴ףҲЦŵ
ǧ˰ꣿˣڻһϲͨûָһĻԺһץϹͲˡ
׿棬Ҳεҡҡͷ
Ʋɼã
Ҳᵽ仰ĺˣ
һȷ˵ô㡣ҪԼʵĻҹӦҲҪ굽ʱ䡭
ôҲ˵ڻָʵ֮ǰҲȥˣ
ЩɥһֱǱȽϵļУ
ꣿ
ʱһ˵㳤ɶ˵˷ʱ䰡
˵ˣûʲôİ취ĻҲֻˣ
СӵļĺܣܹΪ۷ǿߣѾ֮ңɼ˺òã
ûĿףСӻڸв֪
̾һȻףǡ
ˣСӲҪʵǻһ취취ָʵչʱоϲأ
濴ףҲǺٺһЦ
ϲʲôϲ
滰лҲǸϽʵ
ЦŵνϲȻԼȥҿȽϵĺã
Ǻðɣɡ˵ʲô취
׿棬Щɵʵ
㻹ǵ֮ǰ㱻ץȥ󹤵ô濴ʵ
Ȼ֪ˣɽȻ˹ҪǴȥҲˣ
ȻǼǵ÷ǳⱲӶˣ
ֻҪŻڴǱҾа취ʵָҲа취գ
濴ףҲǵ
棬ƺҲֻһС͵ɣüʵ
С͵ģʵΪһ΢͵ʵϲȻڿҲ̽ˣ·ɻһ㹻Сӻӻˡ
˵һֱг񣬹ֲ֮ǰף
ڿѾ˶Բߣνĵһǲǵ٩һ׵ģ
ĻҲЩѪӿĻǡһ취С
ţ취ֻܹСȥˣһûָָյ绹ǲôӦҪڵҸˣҶûа취ˡ
濴ףҲ̾һ
׵ͷ棬Ժʲôҿĺöɵðŵ㰡
СӻëʲôöĻһܲôʵָˣ̸һɣڣСҲȥð
濴ףҲ֪Ψеȴûİ취
ʵ滹ǺĽףΪСӵǺõ֣
ȻڸЩ˹ֻ֪һܿˣ
̫еĲֿ֮˳
һεϴŵޱȵţʮƷʯʧһգ⵹Ҳ볤ϵ˲첻ѣ
Ͼ׵ܣҲȥʣ
һѾǳ̫еĶ¥˹ȥΪٹһҪʼˣ
볤ϺͳΪᣬҲֻȥæԼˣ
ʣµ׺ҥ˳Ļ᳡ڲ˹ȥ
Ц棬˭֪һﵽЦʲô
ֻ᳡һ̣Ȼ˻Ķ
˿׵ʱҲЩ
ĶǺˣ
ڻĶܵߴкʱ򣬴׺ͻĶһޱȵ




3156  Թźնˮ
 

̫У
Ķ޹˼ɵһףϾľˡ
ֻһĵľٶȴһԵΪĲˬ
̧ͷŶǸ¹ڳ꣬δ˵
һԵĻĶк˭ûʲôϵɣѣ
ѣĶʲôʱôҪõˣô֪
ǸкӿŻĶļ֮ɫ
Ķˮ񣬾һһĳŮ
׷ӦǺ飡
οĶݰǱأǾŶŮݸ˴ߣ
ŶܹΪɽһЩţ˵ʵ
һԵкҵѣ㲻ҪΪѵĺã
һ˵ķô
кĨһ˿Ц̬ҲʮֵĲм
ɫһ䣬ƺҪŭҧ
ĶЦһкҾŶڵĵ̣ʲô
Ķ㲻Ҫǿ÷һ𳤴ģҶѲ㻹˽ֻ㱻˸ƭˡοһƺûпն񡭡
кĶǷǳĿһ˿ģ
ʵϣ
кͷҲǲСһɽ֮һ߽ڵ
߽ں;Ŷʵ൱кһֱϲԼСһ𵽴СûĶ
ֻĶкһֱûʲô̫ĸо
ЩʱôһҪǾŶЩ߽ڵĻ»ĶĲὫкУ
ڿк׹ȥʦ֣
ĶҲЩһк㲻Ҫߺұƭ߲ƭҲҾŶԼ顣οҽƺûбҪ㱨ɣҲʲô˲𣿡
㡭ĶôʶأҲ⽫ҵģһӦ֪İɣ
кŻĶҲЩˣ
ĶЦһкҾ磬ҲҪ̫ôߡ֮ǲܵġ
㡭ѲɾΪһ
кһ˳ĻĶȻΪһɵԼȥ
Ȼûа취ŻĶŭȴа취ìͷֱתƣ
ף
ѾǳΪкͷĿ꣬һǹĸо
׿кҲû˵˵ǺʶɣҸĶﲻѶѣܵЩ̫һɣ
Сӣ㻹֡ȻҸ˵
кδվһѾ˵
ĶккϣܹúõĹܹ£̫УûȤ
ߣСӣʲô
кףҲĿһ˿ʵ
׵Ŀһкס
ֵģ㻹ǺиԣϣܹһֱĸԱȥסҵ֣кԺֻجˣ
кϷ˿˿һ캮ضĸо
߽ڵƻеģ
ֻǻĶкУккҶֹӶֵĻԺǻѶûˣ
úúãĶû뵽㾹ȻΪһɵ˸˵˵ҵҪǸʲôͷ
кɫѿ˼㣬Ҫ֪ݻĶҲøԼһЩӣ
οھŶڸ߽ڿǺϵ
ŶڻһЩҪ߽ڵģû뵽ĶȻơ
ѲΪԼ
ӣ
к˵ĸǰӣɫȻǺòȥ
ֻ̫УҲ֪̫еıǿǶʤݵ̫Žڣ
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ɶڶʤݵ̫ŽڵĻ߽ڻЩˣ
ûʲôͷڵӶѡ
׿кҲν˵һν߽ڵûзУ
һԼָʵɽҲˣ
ο
һϲвô
ڣסˣ㻹ϴɾӵűɣߡ
к֮ʱҲǶݺݵĵһۣ
һԵҥҲЩп಻
ЩʦܻǺţ氡У
̫ŽŮ޵ʦ𣬻Ļˡ
Ļ߽ڣ֪ôˣ
λ
к뿪֮ʣ볤Ѿǳǰĸ̨֮ϡ




3157  Ԫ
 

̫еֳ
볤ϴų޳̨֮ϣÿ̫еᣬ۴Сźܶ˵Ŀ⣡
ɽ˵̫λµУÿһεбϵģ
̫еǳĺãṩͺͱĿ
ԺܶҲԸ̫
볤ϴ˿һЦݵĿ˵λԶĳڴˡ˴̫еᣬģȻ󣬿ȴҲһЩĺö
ƹͱˣŪһǳ۰ɣ
һ˺ٺһЦƺ볤ʮֵϤ
볤ϳҲ΢΢һЦǺðɣȻλȲǱоһոĵҩ
Ŷƹǿɶ֪̫еĵһһɶѹĺöһεĵҩӦúܲɣ
˸볤ϵǺܻụ֪Ϊ̫أ
볤ЦŵԬ᲻֪𣿡
Ԭ
Ŷڸÿһ̫еᣬģ
ӦǾŶ볤һȥҲϤˣ
Ȼ볤̫ŽڵˣϤ֮˵Ҳǹϵ
Ԭ볤Цʵ֪⵽ʲôҩأ
ʵⵤҩһҲǳϤҲͲˡԪŴҲֲ˰ɣ
볤ϴ˻һԬֱסˣ
һԲμҲڵԪ
ûɣ̫оȻԪ
ҸղźҲԪ˲˼鰡
Īһ̫ûŪʲôöԪɣ
㻹˵пܰÿζкöأ
ԪƺЩ˰ҲȱԪ
һߴߴ˵ʵܹμĸͷﰡ
˵Ʒ׸һƽ˸Ȥ
ͨƷƽҲԲܳģ
ҲЩߵģʲôܹ̫еᣡ
֮ǰ˵Ҫ̫Ȼˣ
ⶫûʲôֵĻʱҲӸһºСˣ
ֻܹ̫п۵Ķܹʸǵᣡ
û뵽һ̫оȻøԪǵ߸˵֪ˣ
Ԭ볤ϣҲΪŵЦŵƹģĪڶǿأԪƷҲô°
ǺǣԬԼǣƷԪôܽнйأ
볤ϿԬȻһЦ
ƷԪ
ǸƷҹĵҩ¾ԪҲޱȵģ
Ҫ֪ļƷǱǴһȣ
ƷԪŲκεʣȵҩûκε˺
ѲƷԪû뵽ȻܹƳƷԪӦ˰ɾƷԪֵƺҲ̫гɣĪ󣿡
Ԭʻʵźܶ˵ɻ
ƷԪȷǲˣ
˵УƷԪǾҲǱƷԪ΢һЩ
볤ϵ˵ֻţ
ƷԪҪ̫ҲӦ÷ڵһλ̫ÿһεһĶǿɶǷǳ
ԬһεʵȻҲǸ㲻볤ϵڸʲôˣ
Ī̫ǭ¿ûʲôö
볤ϿԬԬ˭ƷԪˣ
ƷԪǻʲôģ
ԬƵ˵˵ʵѹû⼫ƷԪķȥ롣
Ʒ
ǴһߵĲΣ
ҪƳƷԪҩʦĵȼҲǷǳĸߵģ
ôߵȼҩʦΪʲôҪķôȥмƷԪأ
˵ƷԪһʳ֮ζ֮ϧζ
߽׵ҩʦ⣬ͽ׵ҩʦƲ
Ҳ˼ƷԪҲǼһֵҩ
ǺǣȻԬ⼫ƷԪǿԲҪλǣżƷԪÿһŵĹЧһƷƽֻԪԺ·ͰλҲ֮˾Ͳǿ˰ɣ
볤һ⼫ƷԪ֮Ϊֻһŵҩ
һŵҩԺߵ޵ģ
볤ϴ˻һ˲žһŵĸо
һ̼з˹â
ƷԪ
ȻǼƷԪ
һ̣̫˲ˡ




3158  ڿӸ
 

ȻǼƷԪܹƳƷԪ
ǰû뵽̫оȻܹмƷԪĵҩ
ɲôΣܹ⼫ƷԪĻԺǰ;Բ
ҩһҪõϧһдҪõ
һ˵Ѿ֮ǰı֮ģһʵ
Ǿô̫վ̫а
Ԫ˼óҲ˴ѵļƷԪ
žǴţ
ЩɽСܹİ
̫еᣡ
̨һһľ֮ڶ
ĳ
Ķ׵һԣ
ʱĻĶҲһģЩĿ׵ֹӣû뵽̫ǺţȻмƷԪĶ
ƷԪôˣ׵˵
˵ֹӣĻǼٵİ⼫ƷԪǿǺö񽫾µ˷ãԺǿ޾İġȻ޶ԣ
ĶһȻӣҲĿ׵
һԵҲ̾һʦã㿴Щ˵Ӿ֪ˣҪõ⼫ƷԪɲʲô׵飡
ֻҪлҪһԵİɣ
Ķ֮ҲǷһ˿ļ֮ɫ
΢΢ҡͷԬǱأǾͲҪ˰ɣǱ֪ˣǿɳԲ˶߰
ҵ֪ôҲһ֧ҵģ
Ķƺ¶һ˵
Цŵ⼫ƷԪȻҲһֵ˵Ժ󻹻أҲҪһʱɣ
ôܣǿǼƷԪһˣԺУҲ֪ˣ
Ķ׵Ļ̷
εҡҡͷðɣȻĶҪĳҲ˵ʲô
һԵҥЦӯӯĿŶĻĶ
ûĶ֪⼫ƷԪƵĻ°ͶҪˣ
ĶһԣкͼҲǱߣ
ŻĶҪõ⼫ƷԪҲǹһЦĶҪǣɲĳЩˣǱ߼װߡ
кôﶼ㰡ԼʯԼҪ򣿡
ĶкӣҲһ˵
кһЦĶǾŶﻹʲôʯǵĴһ֪ͲҪڳˣ
㡭ŵƺֲ߽ܰɣ
Ķк˵Щƿԣ
ȷ
ľŶ˲Сѣ֮ǰɹһҩ˲ٵʯ
ֻһҩȴˣ
ԼĸҲΪŭһкΪʲôŶڣ
ʵϻһҪԭǾһɹĵҩ֮Унһ߽ڵģ
Ϊѹͼ۸񣬺һҩ
ⵤҩڰ·ɱ䲻
к˷ǰŶڣΪľҪһҩ
Ҫ֪Ҳ֧˶ģڵҩɣôܹưոأ
ŶûǮˣк˵ʵûд
ĶԭΪкûʲôøУô˵һ
һԵ˵Ķ򲻵⼫ƷԪҲһõ𣿡
ֵģԼʵоͲҪ߽ڵʵöƷԪ߽ڻġ
к֪ԼѾһֻ̤׵Ȧ֮У
ȴûκεѹ
ⵤҩԼģԼ̫ϵ
ǵʱ۸ðˣԺһξˣ
ԣ
кעЩˣ
ʵԭ׻ĲôΪôûκεıҪ
ο̫еĺϸˮ飡
ֻСӿȥ̫ǷᣬԼѹҲûһȻԼɱ
ԿЩĿкһӸǼһ˵Ѫԣ
ߣ컹Ҫôֹҵģ
кҲŭһһ׼ļҲüѣ
ƷԪ˭Ҫ
̫ߵĻǾþûҪˣ
ֹӣǲҪĶ׸кˣҲЩǵĿס
ЦҡҡͷҿҲƤϵĹ򻹿ԣûµģ
úúãСӣԾĹ
кŭĿԲĿף֮ѾǻĽ
λһƷöƷԪ̫бעĵ׼ƷʯλԳˣÿβһǧƷʯ
볤ϵ뵽˵ĶУҲѾԾԾԡ




3159  ʼ
 

ǧƷʯ
۸ʵǳĸߣ˵Ǹߵ˵֣
ƷҩֻԪļ۸ҲǷǳߵģ
Ҫ֪һƷʯԻȡʮƷʯһƷʯԻȡʮƷʯ
Ҳ˵ǧƷʯʵ൱ʮƷʯˣ
һ˵
ƷҩĹЧ֮һƷҩҲǧң
˵һǧƷҩҲԸϵ⼫Ʒҩ˰ɣ
ɼƷҩȴһ޴ĹЧ
Ǳ½ߵޣ
Ҳ˵ԭһܹﵽ񽫳ڵ֣üƷҩܹﵽڣ񽫺Ҳ˵
ֻͨļƷԪļƷҩĻЧӵ
ΪƷҩĹЧǿ۸ȻҲˮǴˣ
ǧƷʯʮԪ
ȴֻܹżƷԪ⻹𲽼ۣ
ļ۸֮Ҫ֪߳أ
˻
ҲǵһǧƷʯǿɲʲôСĿ
ɽЩţȻҲʲôطȥÿŶԼѴ
Ͼָ߸ϵǿߣΪʯ
ǧƷʯҵιԹԡ
ҥ˿۸ҲǼѣ
֮ǰһΪ⼫ƷԪļ۸ҲһٿƷʯٿƷʯ֮䣡
ҲΪ۸Ϊİˣ
ôҲû뵽Ȼһӽ۸ߵǧƷʯ
Ҳ͵ûû뵽⼫ƷԪȻôİһŵһǧƷʯ
ֹǲͼ۸񣬶Ԫ⼫ƷԪļ۸Ŀడ
һҲǾ̾˵
Цŵҥ㣬֮ǰһԪǿ൱ֱһǧƷʯ
֪Ļҡһֱóأ˷Ѱ
ҥоЩСˣҲѹ֣
ɽԭĵײ㣬ûмʲôҲˣ
ЦŵҥʦãɾʹشˣȻ⼫ƷԪĺܡɸղ볤ֲûǿ޵İ֪˵ĻʱҾͲӦԥ
Ͽûкҩ԰ԺǸʦܣǿи˰ٺ١
ҥĿӣʱ׳ͷҲһʱ
Ȼ׵ڵ룬һͶʼֱ̫׬ˣ
ڵ
Ժ˼ʦܵУǲһѣ
ڣʦܵҲѾЩˣ
֪Ϊʲôʦܷ̫ŽĴŲȥҪСأ
Сֹţ
˿Ѿ˵ĵ֮¿ʼˣ
ǧһƷʯ
ǧƷʯ

һһֵıڸ֮չˡ
ûã۸ѾǧƷʯ
Ҫ֪ǧƷʯ˵żƷԪռ۸ˣ
ļ۸һֻۣ
ԺܶҲ֪ŵҩ۵ģֻ⼫ƷҩջʵЩ̫ˣ
ǺܶΪǵҲҪƴһˣ
кΪʲôҪõżƷԪ
ѲɽΪҪ𣿵Ȼǣ
Ʒҩ˭ϣõأ
οкΪԼŵأ
ֻЩ²̨ѣԭľȡڵıȡˣ
ǧһƷʯ
۸ﵽǧƷʯʱ򣬺ܶѾȴˣ
˵ǧƷʯǧƷʯ˵ҲһʲôСĿ
ֻΪǼƷҩԺܶ˼ҲԸⳢһģ
ǧƷʯ·һһ㣡
۸ƺܶԶԾľͷˡ
ŶڵԬһǳˣƺЩţ±Ķһ㣡
ߣԬǺ°û뵽Ƿ߽ڵʯûûȴпƷԪ
ֻԬһԵĻĶûмһᣡ
ǵѾһΪ̶
Ǳˣ֮ǰкġ
ԭҾŶƺǷ߽ʲôɣǻῪЦ
ԬкҲЦһ
к̫У߽ڸǾŶڵȽ֮Ҳ٣⼫ƷԪкˣǾʡʡɡ
к㻹ǲҪǼ۸ߵáƻأѲɽ̫кƹ񵱳ǰ費ɣ
ĶҲᣬ˵кҿ
кŭһĶ㻹Ǹ첲հ챾ҪǾŶʲôͣǧƷʯ
˼һ
ȫԾ
ǧƷʯ۸̧Щ̫˰




3160  Ϲ
 

ֳ
кĿΧˣɽҪǮ߽ھһ
Ϊ߽һҩʦѹҲȱʯ
ҲΪʲôкôţһԭ
ǧƷʯ
ھ˵һСĿɶк˵һʲôرĿ
볤¶һ˿΢ЦΧ˵ǧƷʯûбߵˣ
ǧƷʯֶ볤˵ҲΪ⣡
ƷԪ
ȻҲǼƷҩ볤Ҳ֪ⲻͼʹõģ
ӵʯǰˣǿɶǸְ
οﲻżƷԪѣ
ܹ˵ļ۸Ѿ̫׬貧ӯˣ
ǰٷ֮ʮĳɣҲ߰Ʒʯ
Ҫ֪Ǹǿǳڵĺʵ˵ģ֮ǰװƵǿƷƽҲǼֵɹ۵ĺܣ
ҲΪʲôֱ̫óʮƷʯüͷһµԭ
ȻˣһҪԭΪޣ
ɽ̫еķֲѾ֦ͬˡ
к볤΢΢һЦ볤ϣҾǾŶڶѣԬƺЩ׽⣬롭
Ԭкɫһͨ죡
þŶڸȻ߽ڵһûǮ鰡
ĶԬѾŭһ㣬ҲǸϽԬ壬ǲҪһʶˣеʯưNɪġʯҲԼ׬ģʲô¡
ôŵռ֮һζأĪǾŶڵĴ̳ӱˣ
кŻĶӣҲǳԼ
һٳЦЦĿɲֹĶһˣԬһ𶼱Цˣ
㡭쵰
Ķѣȴûκεİ취
ľŶȻ̸ʲôձɽһεʧҲǾŶЩˣ
Ķ֪û̫ʯҲûкӲˣ
ǷǰŶڼǲ߽ڣȴҲǧƷʯҲҪ˼ɣ
ĶԱ߲Ǽ˰ҪüƷԪôԸ˰
кףҪĿ껹ĲǾŶڣ
ŶҲô£ìͷֱӾָ֮ǰף
볤ϿкĿ׵ϣҲǱܵüüͷ
һԵĳҲΪĲˬ
ʦѾҲ߳
οһĪǸɵȱ֪ⵤҩ׵ģµѪɣ
˿̣
ĶкҲǲסĲţĳһ׵ȫΪԼ
һθȻ
Ķккǰһûз֣һ޳Сˣ
СˣСܱȲ˵ǿɣõǲǱļ۸ɵ˰
кʼղҲԽԽˣ
һԵҥʵЩ̲סҪ˵ѾǱ׸ˡ
Сһ˵ǲŮΪͷĻǲ٣ֻϧѾǸˣֻ֪Ů˵ĺ氡
кףҲǼ̵ҡҡͷ
ԭһĲ۵ģȻôˣҾˣ
׿кҲǵ˵
棿䰡кףҲЦЩĸо
ֻǳϷ볤Ͽ˿ҳһƷʯ

кЦֹʱЦ׵һ仰˵ʱ˲ˣ
һƷʯ
ֱӽԭĵ׼۷һǷкҲסˣ
һƷʯҲ̫һЩ
ֹӣ㡭˰
Ķ׵Ļʱ쳣ĸж
ɸжͬʱĶҲǻָѵģôһΪԼˣ
һ뵽ߣдһ˿۵ͬʱҲǼæֹף
һһƷʯ㡭𣿡
кףҲһЩ֪ˣ
ԭǴˣͻȻ֮ƺһֱ˴ĸо
ҳ˼۸ʯƺ̫Ҳ뿪ɣ
볤ϵ˵λܳ۱ǣ
Ȼ볤ô˵ʵ仰ľ˵ģ
Ҳ׵ŭοһǱ׸һˣ
̫˵Ҳʲô飡
ˣν飡
ڿмۣ
ҡҳһһƷʯкûʲôĸо
һΪжͣͶһٿƷʯ˵ҲҪôĶ£Ƕ˰΢΢ҡͷһǧƷʯۣԺ͹Զһ㣬Ҹǰۣ
㡭˵һ飡кŭˣ˵ӳһǧƷʯ




3161  ܴк
 

һǧƷʯ
ԼƵֱԼװ׶˾ǧƷʯ
˵һˣ
кԼҲǰûڲ
ԼӦõȵ֮ȥǸֵļһģ
أ
·ɱһҧɱ⧲
Ķ׻ҪۣҲŵøϽקס׵ֹӣֵĲֵˣ
ȻĶô˵ˣǽˡĻҶȻ⼫ƷԪҲɱɱ
ײмһֻһԵҥ˿һĲҲۻң
ֻǧƷʯĶӲľͱ׸̧ߵһǧƷʯ
ֱǮ
кԭΪһﻹҪ̧ۣҲо֮ǰԼʵ̫嶯ˣ
Ѱ˼һֻҪֱ̧ۣӾͷˣ
ô࣬һˣʱԼҲǿԳԳ
һǧƷʯٵļƷԪˣ
Բֹʮţ
żƷԪҪôܹ࣬أ
кû뵽һﾹȻֱӷˣҷĺף
أ
׻ʱ볤еСҲӦ£
ϲ¼ƷԪ
볤Ҳֿ˻Сʵ̫һЩ
ȻķӲԼ׬˾ǧƷʯ
Ժ󻹵øСѧһѧʯҲ̫׬һЩ
лƹ񡭡
кǴ˸ԼԼĶʡ
ûа취
߽ɽǺǸ̫ŽȣǾһѣ
˼̫Žڵĵ̣ôҲΰɣ
ɱһĿ⣡
кף֮ҲǴ޾ɱ⣡
̫еĵϣ߽ڵĵ̣һѾ߰˱ˣ
˿̣
һߵԬͻĶѾ׵ߣ
ԬףҲ΢΢һЦСѣлˣ
ԬؿС˭˶˳ۣ׿ԬҲǵ˵
֪СԺδȻмһƷʯգۣʵ尡
ԬףҲЩɣ
̫Ǿģûмˣ
Ǵ˳ּΪĴ󷽣һֻǮգ۵ĸо
ˣӦþԲʲô֮
ǾŶܹ֮õĻԺҲаأ
οó˵ŮĶԴҲǼΪġ
ĶԬ̵Ԭ壬ҸĶľˣ
Ǹ߷罣ڵ˵λԬҲһʵ
Ǵɶѣ׵˵
ֹҾŶԨԴ˷󣬻ֹӵҾŶһΣ
ԬףҲǴžŶ׷룡
ЦŵĶ֮ǰѾ£Ԭһ룬ĳȻҪȥģ
ãԬЦһεʵ֮ǰƺֹӻûлشԬĳֹ֪ĸŵĵӣ
̸ϣڵӣЦŵ
ڣɽôԬһʵ
׵ͷǣ
ֹĪҪЦĺðɽڲһСŶѣֹĴأοƶ࣬ƺҲûôʯɹֹĻӻɣ
ԬƺЩɰʵ׵ĸо
ڲԶкҲǿףҲҪ˵ڱôԼģ
ʱоܴ
飡
к֮оǳ˲ӬһĶģ
оĵǣŶھȻȥһСŵӵĳţ
׺Ԭ̸ӣкѾǽŶҲԼӵĶ
Զ
׿ԬҲЦǺǵ˵Ԭ˵Цˣĳôʯɹӻֻĳֻ֪ĳЩɵһΪӶ̧ܶѣ
ԭԭˣ
Ԭ׵ĻҲǿЦЦ֮вŶ֮ǰкĳЦҲŶ׵ľ壡
ò˵
׵ļһʵǵ̫ˣ֮ǰٰǿߺ˷罣ڵˣûʯ£кסˣ

ʵ̫ˣ
к˴ûһϲ޲ֱȥһһĽһ˹Žأ
ԼȻһϷˣˣ
ʱоΧЩ˵Ŀ⿴ԼʱѾǽԼһɵȱˣ
ʱ̫У
һһƷϵĳֻһЩ˷۵Ķ
̫һǵһһƷΪ
һѾˣƷԪ
ôƺڴһƷʲô
ʱƣ
ܿ죡
̫еѾǽӽβ˿̵볤ѾǶһɫ̣
Ǹֻ֮һڲ״ǰȴһģҶ
ݣ
ЩΪȻʱԺ֮оȻֳ




3162  
 

ݣʲô棡
ĻҲüͷʵ
ܹԼĶǱȻʲô֮
룬Լ϶õģ
Ȼʲô̫ϡĶҪҵĲһ׵飬СҲǹáⶫ
浭˵ֻƺһӡ
ʵ棬ⶫã
ûʲôô濴ףһεĶٴһ£
Щ˵棬ûʲôôͻȻôһʲô˼
ûʲôôɶķ˾ˣ
΢΢һЦָķӦþˮˣ
׿澪㵵ʵ棬˵⡭ⶫܽйأ
ţ䷽֮һСڰⶫ£ԺǾٷһЩ򣿡
濴ףҲǵ
棬Ҷˣ
ĻҲ֣µĵͷ
ֻҪˮܽйصĶҪȡġ
ֻʲôʯ򰡣
ݲ赤ҩĲϣҲǺܶҪҩ֮вɻȱĶⶫҪ˺ˡ
ðɣô˵ɣ
ĻҲԥһȻ
ЦŵСӸ磬ʵģҲҿСʶ̫еƹģҪ¼ûκεĿԡˣֻǸⶫôСܲõǻÿСӵ컯ˡ
ĵͷ˿ĿѾĶݵˣ
̨֮ϣ
볤һЦӯӯĿ˵ⶫӦ֪İɣǴ֮еݣ˵ʵԭǲóģǿ˼ֵĻǶԼղˡ
ƹģĪǴ˵ܹҩƷ׺ͳɹʵĲϣ
̨·
ԬݣҲһ۳Եӣ
볤΢΢һЦݿɲĹЧĽ϶ȣһ֪˲ࡣ̫ۣͯݵãǻҪ˵ġ
Ľʲô˼
ԬҲһãȻĿ볤ϣѹҲ֪ʲô˼
볤ϿԬ򵥵˵ǿĸ֪ܹʱӿһЩٶȡڼӿ٣ǾҪܹնٵҩЧˡ
⡭ݾȻô
Ԭ볤ϣ֮ҲһƬĹâ
ջ󰡣
Ԭоһջ֮ʵڳ֮˭Ķأ
ӿٶȣǶİ
ȴһЩͬ˵һֻǼӿһЩٶȵĿ죬ôݶˮ˵Ҫˣ
϶ȣ
ⲻǸˮ
Ҫ֪ˮռĿܽʱǾŪġ
ˮҪĻʱƺԵþҪˡ
볤ϵͷݵûֹЩԬ֮ǰ˵˽֪顣ҲǴŵĵ伮濴ġӦûãֻЩ͵ȼҩʦ֪ѣ
ôⶫһ
Ԭ볤ϣҲЩˮ˵
һԵкԬ˵һٸǰҲǾŶڵģߣ
ղܵĽѵ̰
ԬкҲû˵
ȷ
ǾŶ⣬𲻴ɣ
Ѳ˵Ȩû
кոճһСӿ϶Ҫġ
׸ղϷˣһһΣԲϷˣڶεģ
ټ׼ģҲڸһ￹ˡ
Ԭ֮£ҲǳԼк
кһԬĻҲЩһ㡭ԬϲԴСһǰ۸һ˸߿һ۰
ߡ
ԬƺҲԸڴкֻһȻˣ
볤Ͽˣ˵ᣬ̫еѹϷݣⶫǽʮ궼ûгĺöλҪĻǱ㿪ʼɡ
볤ϣи׼۰ɣ²֪˭һʵ
׼ۣȻ˴ݣ̫еĶΪʮƷʯ۸ɲŶ
볤ϿˣҲ¶һ˿Цݡ




3163  鳽
 

ʮƷʯ
ɽķ֮Уڼ۸񼫸ߵĶˣ
ȻҲûгʮƷʯ׼۵Ķ
ʮƷʯɽҲǷǳĿˣ
ʮƷʯ׼۾ȴ˰
ǰҲ֪öܹ˭أ
ҿ߽лģ˻᲻Ǻܴ󰡣
߽ڣǣûпɽһҶڵһֱûп𣿡
ĪҶڵĺΪⶫ
һ˼֪Լûʲô̫Ļˣ
ɾˣ˵ĺеġ
ԼòĶȴƫƫҪ˭ˣ
ڴĲЩпǼҵĲɱ
Ȼ浶ǹ֮Щ浶ǹҲ˿Ѷõģ
˿̣
׵ߣԬͻĶҲǿݶ
ϾôõĶ˭Ҫõأ
ôõĶǾŶˡԬЩƵ˵
ĶһԵԬ壬ǾͲ£öô࣬ǾŶֻܼϣ߽ڵõĻá
߽ڣлᰡкȻᣬ߽ڲƴ֣Ǳ֮ҶҲ˿Ѷð
ԬȻĶͬ뷨Ҳֻ߽ڵĲɽҲһģ
ҲΪݶŸͿ˰ɣ
ʵ˱ƴľĿǰŵʽ
к緢ӣԬͻĶмΪĲˬ
ȴҲûʲô̫İ취һ˵ţҲֻܹвˬˣ
Ҳδأ׵˵
ֹӣʮʯǾŶڴһҲǿõóģûʵ
Ԭû׻ȥĶ
Ϊʲô
ΪʵʵǲԵȰ
ȻҾȹĶʵǱأ
ĶҲǵͷֹӣԬԲҲò߽ڵĲɽҲһģ
ҶⶫҲЩȤ
׺ܻ˵϶Ҫõģ
ǻѶĴۣöֵõģ
ֻҪⶫˮôͻ᲻ϧһд۵ȥõģ
ֹӣ㡭ҲȤĶףҲЩĿʵ
ⶫȤǿĶ
òʯĻʱǿ̫еˣ
ɽ»û˸Ҹ̫еأ
Ҷڵˣ̫еҲǿͿġ
̫еı̫ŽڣֻҪûˣǾԲҸĳŶŸɵģ
С㻹ǺܷȤȤ˿ɲֹһҲȤڳȱʯ֮⣬ʲôȱ
ԬƺҲǺĸ׿Ц
˵׿϶ģ
׿Ԭ΢΢һЦôлҪһԵ
СѣĪĴ򲻳ɣɡʯ
Ԭ׵ӣҲǾ㵵ʵ
ΪѹҲǿЦӡ
һ˵ʵôʯҲǲŵİ
ƥﻳ
һôʯĻҲŶڵķˡ
ڿʼλԸеļ۸ˣ
Ԭʻ֮ʣ볤ϵѾǴ뵽˵ĶУ
ʮƷʯ
볤ϻδ䣬ǰһλѾ
ַƵĿŶоһƮݳ
鳽Ȼǲͬ찡к治һεģ
ոտڣѾһ˵ˡ
׿꣬ҲƲͷԬʵǣ
Сѣк鳽ɽһҶڵǶʤݶʤѧԺšɲҪ嶯
Ԭƺ鳽ΪļɵһŵſԲ˵
ҶڣʤѧԺ
üź鳽һ￴ͷǲСİ
ĶҲǵֹӣ鳽Ϊʮֵĵ͵Բʲôǵк˿ҲҪֵġ
˼˵ֻҪһмˣǾû˸ҽˣüʵ
кᣬֻᡣɽҸаˣûˣĶףҲ΢΢ҡͷ
ԬղŲǱQͦôˣǾŶڹȻɫ˿Ƥӻʲôס
׵˽֮ʣкĻһβʱ˵Ĵ˳
Ǻ鳽Ҳתͷ߿˹ȥҲǴһ˿ζ




3164  ŶΣ
 

̫еᣡ
һɻҩζҲɢкƺŶڸˣ
Ҫ֪߽ں;Ŷһ֦ͬģû뵽ȻӲһ
ܶ˶Щˣ
ҲһЩϸĵ˴ӿʼ֪ôˣ
кǳ۲۹ʲô£
ĶƢЩ𱬣ʵЩ̲סĳкŭһ
кƺѾǻָ֮ǰ侲ŻĶǾŶڱǿϣôˣ
бм۰㲻Ҳһ˰ź㲻Ҳˣ
ĶкҲǴ̼к
к˵ҵѣһ˸ˣҶ߽Ѿǵ޽ˡѾˡ
ʲʲôҶˣ
Ķ㶵ƺЩԲϢ
˿̣
ĴҲһƬ֮УܿһƬžͱһȺ֮ˣ
Ҷ߽ھȻˣ⡭ôأ
ǰ߽ǶԿҶڵһ߽ҶϵĻǾŶǾҪ̲ˣ
ֲһֱԾŶڣԤı
ɲôΣԺŶھҪΪȥʽˣ
ɽƷ׷ӣһ仰˵
ֻܶɽ֮Ȼ֪⼸֮Ĺϵ
ҶһҶ
߽ڵһҲγһ
Ȼ߽Ϊ߽һ֮ҲǰĴڣ
߽ڵôɽҲ߽ڵ˶ζˣ
ɽҪһˣ
鳽˿Ҳվ֣ǽɲ̵ģ˳ۣı£Ŷƺûܡ
ԼǣŶڲǸܳ۸ġ
кҲǿЦ֮г˷̵ζ
㡭ǲҪ̫
ĶɫЩҰףһԵԬҲǱ𾪵ƺûлع
߽ڵͻȻ꣬ǸоһĲ֪룡
Ҫ֪һʧȥ߽ڵϣǾŶھͱҶں߽ڵ֮ˣ
۸ΣŶڲҶڶµĹأǻǺΪ֮ɣ
鳽һϯԬͻĶɫɷײѣ
Īǵ˵ͨ뺲ɣ
кһЦٹ±ɽȺӢˣʱһ˺ˣ
ˣ֣Ͼ̫УҲøƹһӲ𣿼ȻᣬǾͺúõĳۣ˶˾ˡ
鳽ҲǸֳһĨЦ⣬к黹Ƿǳģ
֣ڣݻܹ𣿳ˣ
кɨһȦΧˣҶڻ죬ǲһ
˿صؿһ۶ף֮гƵζ
ʮƷʯ˭۵ģ
鳽ص̫Уֻ˭ҳۣ
鳽Ѿǰѻ˵ˣŶھǸкЩìܣҪˣ
ЩſûоԼˣ
ܵʱĻԼ
Զ
볤ϺͳɫҲǺܺÿҶڵͻȻ֣Ǳƻ˹ذ
һһм۶ûýˣ
볤ҲɨһȦ˵ɻ˽мۣ
ƹģһﻹǸҺ鳽ӵġȻû˽м۵Ļǲ͡
鳽ƺǳǰĿУҲǸ߸ϵĸˣ
һЦݸԼЦеӣ
֪ݣѴ֮Ϳˣ
û𣿡
볤һεѯʵʮƷʯû˳۵ĻǿɾͿˣ
ֻҲû뵽ôһ
Ͼ߽ڸҶϵ飬ѹһķûа
Ҫ֪֮ǰҶں߽ڰɽţһľ棡
볤ԭҲΪһ棡
кͺ鳽ǱߵʱΪ϶һˣ
ôҲû뵽Ȼһ棡
ֻ̫бϾֻһУǲ˵ġ
Ծǽһ飬Ҳûκεİ취
޿һԵ볤ϵԵ׼ǿɾͿ˰
Ҳûа취̫еĹ˲ҲˡôҲܻ˹أ
볤̾һ
޿볤ϵֻп˰
СѣҲδضⶫȤ볤ϸոսĿתƵ׵ϣʱһ۵
ʮƷʯ
˳ķȥҲһĿ࣡




3165  С
 

һƷʯ
˶ǰһĻˣʵ۸Σ
ҪǣһҶڵ鳽νڱصã
ôҲû뵽·Ȼɱһҧ
˿ףǵҲǳ˿֮ɫ
˵ʵ
СӸղŸкȥʱ򣬺ܶ˶Сӿ϶߲Ŷˣ
ôҲû뵽ôģ
߽ڵҲͰˣȻҵҶڵ
Ҷʲôţ
ǿɽһţ
ţһССڳˣǴأ
кԭΪֵļһ϶ǲһεˡ
ôһˣ
УһﲻһСɫѣ
֮ǰνıԼһ㰵ʲôô
ĪǾΪһԵһкô
ֻкҲɵɵĿŶףһȻҪͰһѺˣ
ֵģ㻹ţĶҲ
кף֮͸һӵâ
鳽𣬲ܿ
볤ϵ棬ôҲ̫񣬷̫еץסѱѣǿɾͲˣ
ǣǼʶɽӢۺ˰˭Ӻδĳƽϲľѣ̨֪ɷ񽻸Ѱ
鳽֮кҪ˵ܶˣ˶óʵλǳ˼˵ȴǿƲˣ
֣һ
кԾûк鳽ôгǸˣź鳽ȻҪһｻѣһʱҲЩˣ
˸ո۸Լĸ鳽ѵĻԺԼʲô죿
ѲԼҪɱҶѲɣ
鳽һֹͣƣʾкҪ˵׼̨Σ
첻һѣҴʲôطҪʲôطȥӦòӦýѣǶǺ˰ɣ
׿ź鳽Ҳǵ˵
֮һ˿Ŀ־֮У
棡
˿һǷǳ氡ʱǸѼӲĺܣ
鳽ҲסˣԼѾô˵ˣСӾȻһ涼Լ
ȻԼ˵ҲǸɷܹԼ˵ҲѾǺܲˣ
СһӵĻӦùԹԵĹˣ
޴˵˳ź鳽̫УǹƺֻΪеĶɣ
ƹλǣ
鳽ųޣ֮ҲЦӯӯʵ
̫ʵϰһλڵӣճޣ
ƹҲûĽܳ޵ݣϾݷǳУ
ԭǳ¹ĳˣ
鳽ǺһչԼķȣֻڳ޵УһﲻһС˶ѣ
˭ó׵ͽأ˼ͽܾҪͽܵӣ
Լʦˣǻʲôͽܣ
ķϻǲһĶ̫࣬һỹҪأҪʲôʱ򣿡
޿ź鳽ҲǺ޹˼ɵ˵
鳽ųޣ֮ҲĨһ˿Ĳ¹̫ƺֲ˵ɣƹġ
ޣ°ɣ볤ޱ˵
ƺҲ֪ԼЩˣЩǸȻĶ볤ϵƹ񣬵֪ˣ
֪ܸĪɣһ仰Ҿ˵ĵǲ޵Ȼλ̫еġλֻҪһ۸񼴿ɣϣλԸֹѧϰ
볤ʵױ۵ʱҲЩˣ
һ֮ǰȷ̧ԼƷԪļ۸񣬿ҲԼģ
ڿɲһˣһȻ캰ۣ˵¶̫еծˣ
ƹȻ˵ˣĳȻҪƹģԭĳֻҪһֵļһӣڿûҪˡ
鳽ףҲһ
ϻǺܶ࣡
Ҳôˣһ쵽Ϊǣʵǻ켣ײһȺѣ
Ȧ棬ԣ
Ҳ룬Ȧӣʲô
㡭úúãõúܣʮƷʯ
鳽Ҳǳ׵ŭˣһȻҪҶڱƴ
ǻˣ
һνĶʮƷʯ
ʮƷʯ
ǷƵ˵ʯһ֣
ȷ֧ôƷʯأ
ڸ̫еĹϵǷʮƷʯô
鳽֪
˿̿˷ıۣҲʼˣ
ֳ˼һֵ̬




3166  ļ۸
 

ʮƷʯ
˵۸ʵҲǺܸߣ
ɽֵطʮƷʯĶĿǲĶˣ
ʵʮƷʯѹҲûдﵽݵļֵ
볤֮ǰȷЩʧߣԭΪҶڵĺ鳽߽ڡŶڵкԬ˻Ὸϣ
ϾôõĶɲʲôʱеģ
볤֪Ŷں߽ڷĿ֪Ҷں߽Ѿˣ
֪ĻԲܰѼ۸񶨵ôͣ
۸񶨵õ͵һԭ򣬾Щкܴķӿռѣ
ֻһ꣬˵ʵһ
ΪԼ۸Ŷ֮ͣ
ϾֻܹһεҩϵݵĻǼֵ͸߳ܶˣ
˿̣
鳽кվǱߣѾЩˣ
Ǵǵ֫ԣͿԿó쳣ķŭ
ֻǷŭΣ
̫ŽڵĵɽҰǿ»ǲأ
볤ϿͻȻ֮䷢ѣҲ¶һ˿Цɻۣ
ߣʮƷʯҪݣֱǿЦ
鳽类شһҲŭһ
˵Ҫӣ
ʵ鳽֮кʤһ
Ҫ֪鳽СһֱǱ֮г֣
֮ӣǳţ
ˣע˾ǵﶼһĹԵģ
һ̫У鳽Ȼ͵˺ܶ࣬ȴôҲβסĹâ
Щ˱Сֹۣú鳽ҲǿĲѣ
ֻڣһųˣȻҲԼĸǰߺ
Ȼ̫еϸԼˣ
ⲻô
ҶɽʲôλǿǵһŰ
ʲôλ˵ɽټ֮Уʮλˣ
Ȳ࣬СôԼĸǰôţأ
֣˶ﵽǵĲʺˡǻôŵĻ¶ŵ˰
кڸ鳽һսģȻǰź鳽˵ˣ
鳽ҵҪСܲܽⶫߣĴˣҺ鳽£
֣ҲҪСһǿļ́۸֮ǰҾһε
кһҲǵѵȻղųԵǸԼڻЩأ
˵ղԵǸֻСĻôǺ鳽ϵǿɲǶǧƷʯˣ
Ƕ༸ʮƷʯˣ
ң
鳽ŭһһεĿף
׿ź鳽к˵ǲ۵Ļžǵĺ棬ˣ
ԽԽ˼ˣ鳽ףЦһƹҳʮƷʯ
鳽һĶʵղкôҲˣ
СӲҪ̧̧ۣ
ҪСӵôУ
һʮƷʯʵ鳽Ϲ̧ۣݼʮƷʯҲۣ
ֻ鳽ԭΪû˸ط
ԭǿöʮƷʯĳ׵ĵ׼ⶫġ
ͻȻɱ׳໨ôʯȷоǿ˼ʮʯһ
ʮƷʯ
˿ûκεķϻһԿŵҥҲһ
ǵˣ
ĶԬ˿̿˷ıۣҲӶɳˣ
һҪɶҪ鳽
ĽǶǻĶԬǶϣܹ˵
˵Ҫ˾Ŷڣʵ̫һЩ
㡭ʮƷʯ
鳽Ҳû֮ǰСˣ׻˵úãһһ㣡
鳽ľһ
Ҫ֪ɽҶǲǵģ
ʯ
ݾǰʯʵҲο鳽һξǳݶ
ʮƷʯ
ʼһ飬˿Ҫʲôģ
ֹ֡ӣۡҪȻ˰ɣ
ĶֻΪҪԼԭлǺܿĵġ
ȴƺģ
׸ûκͣЪ˼棬ѲҪҶڵĺ鳽һֱܵײɣ
ʮƷʯ鳽֮ƺһ˿ĺ⡣
ʮƷʯ۸Ѿ֮ǰĵ׼۷˺üˡ
˵û״Ļһͽˣ
ź鳽ƺ˶ڴһεıۡ
һƷʯ
Ҫһﵽǲĳ۵ʱһϤȴѾǴ˵ĶУ




3167  ˵ĺ
 

˻
һ̶ǵһ
һƷʯ
ĿѾǳ˵
ܶԭΪһεļ۸ԲܳƷʯ
û뵽ֵĹ򣬼۸һ·ֱһز
һƷʯʲô
һЩСſҲ˰
鳽Ҳǳ׵סˣһѲɾͲԼֱȨô
ݶں鳽˵Ҳ־ڱصõģ
һʱ䣬ҲЩ֪룡
鳽ʵһѹûܹ
£߽֮Ҷɽ˵޵ˣ
ʵ˭Σ
˲ҪˣƫƫһҪġ
һһڵСŵˣȥֱǸЦһ㣡
ǣȴĳǰ
һƷʯһΡ
볤ϴ˿ҲƲѣĪǷ˰
ҪݵȷãһﱨҲ̫һЩ
һ뵽һһʯûУ볤ҲƲѡ
һҪˣ
֮ǰѾʮƷʯһƷʯ
ǳڴ˵Ļ볤϶ˡ
˵Ůûзôȥֹأ
ݸףǻһأ
ҪǶʮƷʯ鳽ߵĻ볤ϲŸоԼǿһ㣡
һƷʯڶΣ볤ϵÿһ˵·ڴ̼ź鳽ģ
кź鳽Ҳǵ֣ҿǻǴӳɣ
˿̣
к鳽ཻһһϸ΢ĨӵĶ
鳽кâһԥƬ̵һμۣݶ˵ǳҪһٸҵҵĻǾˡ
ʵĵ뷨һô˵أ
Ǻ鳽Щһˣ˵ĿʵҪ׹ԹԵ֪Ѷˣ
ҪԼһҲѾˣ
ǡ
кҪ˵ЩʲôѾǱ鳽ֹˣ
鳽볤ϣҲǳһһʮƷʯ
䣡
鳽ɱ˰ĿѾǶףСһεĿڣ
ԽǲʲôȴԽʲô
һһʮһƷʯ
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СҪӰһӶ
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ǿΪ
ûʵĻӵĵرҲð
ǰɣסˣ
鳽Ӷˣڿľ͸һһ㡣
һԵкҲЦЦĿף
һ֮ǰԼֿ˺鳽
кţһѾǲˣ
һһʮһƷʯһΡΡΡ볤Ҳó۸Ѿǵˣ΢΢һЦϲֹӻݣ
лƹ񣡡
׺볤һֳ̱ǻ಻ʶ
ڸ̫еһϵҲûд㱩¶
ߣ
鳽ȥкҲֱӸȥֻ֮ǰһﻹĿһۣ
Ƶ·˵С˵֣
ֻƵƺȫ׸ˣڶ˵ûʲôȵõݸӵĿĵˣ
ֹ֡ӣţ
Ԭ˿̿ף֪Ӧ˵ʲôˡ
ԹӢ۳꣡
ڵԬðһ仰ܹǿѹ֮¶η壡
˾һﰡ
׵˵Ԭˣ
ֹӣҾŶͻȻһЩʣҵȻøϻŴһЩ顣ֹ֪ǷԸ⵽ͣ
ԬףҲЦʵ
Ŷڣ
˱֮˰ɣ
Ԭ˵ЦˣŶڵλţȻλĳвȥ֮أ
׿ԬǴһ˿崺һЦݣ
·֮ǰһоûзһ㣡
ãԬЦ˼ŻĶ뿪ߣ
ŻĶصӣҲüͷ
˭Ķˮ񳤵أ
˵Сѣôʯô
볤ϺͳЦеĵ׵ߣ϶һ˿Цݣ
ֻڿҲһɻ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôͻȻݣ
һ˵ȥյֳƺһεĻع֮ǰģ




3168  ׽ͽ
 

̫ڣ
֮볤ϺͳҲЦ
ʵݼ۸񲻷ƣǺ鳽˱ˣø飡
Ǹ׻һĲ
ֻ׸ոմʮƷʯΪǷ̫аƷʯ
оһ޵׶һ㣬ҥҲһĵ֮ɫ
Ҳ
ƷʯҪƶٵĵҩܹ
볤ϣЩʯĳǷţһ֮ڿ϶Իϣ
׿볤ϣҲ֪볤ϸԼڿЦġ
һԵĳ޿ף̵ʦ𣬲ǰƷʯѣǲΣ̫ɽֲͽȫҾͷ̳ʸ£Ҳûʲôᡭ
޵һν˵˵ʵûʲôģ
һſˣ
̫Žӱ˶ˣֻǳʵƵĺܣ䵽ɽʺĵط
˼˶Ƿֵ˲ĵطҪɽ̫и˱ƴ׬Ǯǲǳ
޵ɽҪĿľԼʵ
ʱſ˵ʱʵ׬Ǯٶȿɶǿ˵Ŀ꣡
ҲˣҲνˣ
ԼʦҪǮǾúˣ
ʱ˾ԼУֻҪԼʧȥ˾ʸЩ˻ιԼ
볤ɫһС㣬ʵܰ
޹һֵ볤ϣֺαأڲǸʲôӣֲǲ֪Щôܹﵽأ
ʵЩƫİͬΪʵ̫һЩ
볤ϿųޣҲ΢΢ҡͷ
׿ų޵֮ǰ˵ʲôſˣǸʲô
ʦʵҲûʲôνĿ˵һԺӵм̳̫Žں̫ʸ츳žͻʱ̳֮λо̵츳ǱΪ̫е䣬
жأ׿ųҲʵ
˵֮ǰЩ飬ѹҲûйעЩ
ѾǳΪԼͽܣԼҪעҲǲˣ
οԼͽܻǶԼ
Ʒʯ˵ҪͲҪˣһ˻ȣ
Ҹղ״볤Ϻͳ޵Ŀʵó⵽ʱҪǳʲôĻ»óԼһ˳е
СѣνжʵҲô¡ʵҲֻ֪ѣĻǽģ䵽õĵطͲõĵطǿɾͲһˡ
볤ϵӾ˵ûκεĹƽԿԡ
΢΢һЦ볤Ƿúܲƽ
ǿɲǲƽ䡭ȻС͵ճʲôأ
볤˵ʱûʲô̫ĵ
ǣ볤ϣ֮·ʲôƽн署ʵΪʵ԰̫ŽŲ𣿡
׿볤ϣȻʵ΢ɵɽҲһ·ɱģ
ڹƽˣ
Ȼ볤Ϻͳ޶ЩƽȴòûκεĲƽ
޿ףЩ˵ʦ⻰ҲͬǲΪĸҪǿһЩҪͬһߵĻǡҲǿģ
ȻͽΪʦ˵㼸䡣ÿһ˳ʱ򣬾иָĲͬǲƽĻҾ㻹ǿˡ
΢΢һֻ̾óĺܲ
޿׵ʦ𣬲ҿĺܲƽ
ڵЩͨΣΪƷʯƴһʱȴԴһΪʦǷ°Ʒʯƽ𣿡
׿ųޣҲ
⡭
ƺЩˣղŵһζĳűԼƵ˿ȴûгűԼõ˿
׿ų޵ӣ˵˵ĸĸǿҲΪ˸ĸһŬջûĳǾŬһ¼ĳ𣿡
ʦͽ֪ˡ
׵ĻҲǵʹԼԴ˵֮ǰֺ׼۵Ļ
ڵѾǳ׵ûƢˣ
һԵ볤Ҳһջô꣬û뵽ǳԵĵûпװ
԰ɣ޵ͽҰɡȻҳΪ޵ʦôҲܹ̫Ұɣ
ҲݸһЦȻ׼ְޣڵĵ֮ǻصڣ
ʦİɡɾİͽҲʮֵѡҪ֪Ҫɽ̫жʱ׬ȡǧƷʯ̫ܣ
޵Ļ䣬ΧҲĿɿڴĿųޣ
ǧƷʯ
һȻ˰




3169  Ԫʯĺ˼۸
 

ǧƷʯã
ҲüѣǧƷʯɽ̫˵׬õһģ
Ǹղų޵Ǿ仰Уᵽһʣʱ䣡
ɽ̫УҪ׬ȡǧƷʯǺܲף
˵ɣ
ᣬԭǲڵģ
֮ǰļƷԪҲһǧƷʯ
չصĻֻ̫ܹһǧƷʯ
ٱ˵һεݣĳ˰Ʒʯۣ̫еʵǲʮƷʯѣ
Ķ̫һҲָôһĶ
Ͼ
ɽĵطײڣ
ĺöʵЩһЩ
Ҫ֪ЩԴḻĵطǿɶǱǿռˡ
޿׵ʦþͶðɣҲûʲôϣġǧƷʯĳЩ˵ҲһĹ򡣿Ƕɽ̫˵ʵ̫ˡ
˼ԽԽã
׿ųޣҲЦʵ
ţȷԽԽã̫ɵĽײУЧˣ
޿ףҲε˵
볤Ͽ׵ǧƷʯȷһСĿǱӴǧƷʯûʲô̫Ѷȣڵ׬ȡʯٶ̫еʮ࡭
Ҳûа취ģֻҪӵ㹻ĵҩźܿͿԵġ߼ĵҩ۸Ӧòֹɣ
׿볤ϣҲЦʵ
볤һ㶣漴ͷǵȻģ߼ĵҩڵͼĵҩ˵۸ֹǷôأԪ˼ƷĲҲǷǳţˣ
޿Цһʦûϣģ
Ʒƽ۸Σ
ײûޣһεĿ볤ʵ
һԵЩֵĿ׵ʦܣƷƽɲǼƷԪʶҪ󼫸ߣķѵʱ䡭
λģֻʡЦʵ
Ʒƽļ۸Ӧúܸߣ벻ʮƷʯΪûгֹĵҩԾļ۸Ҳö֪
볤ϿףҲЩε˵
볤ϣ֪ǼԪʯΣһεʵ
㡭˵ʲôԪʯ
볤ϵɴӿףȻʲô˼һ㣡
ʵǼԪʯɽʱõģ
ļ۸֪˵ⶫǷǳĲ
Ԫʯ缫Ϊ֮˵ֵĻ൱ĿֲˡСѣмԪʯ
볤һβŵʵ
һԵһ±ƵĿ볤ϺףΪû
ʦмԪʯĻǿɲҪŰǱ֪סˣ
ȻҲ֪Ԫʯôģ˵Ļô˵Ļأ
΢΢ͷֻʶѣҲû˵Ҿв𣿿ԪʯȷֵǮ
ֵǮС㻹˵ĳڰʤֹһöԪʯźͼ죬ڶʤҲĳ˳ۡƷʯ
볤Ͽף֮оһ˿ֲζ
Ʒʯ
ͳ֣ڳ˶ˣ
ҲǵͷǰҲ˵ƷʯǿǶʤݾԺĳ߼۰
ôࣿ
Ҳû뵽ԪʯȻôֵǮ֮ǰΪֵǮӦҲֵôǮɣ
СѣԪʯ󣬺ܶ˾һҲǶܹ֮һ⴫˵еļԪʯĻҲ޺ˣ
볤һ˵֮Ҳǳڴ
׿볤ϵǺǣԺлģ
ʦмԪʯĿɿڴĿʵ
ЦŵʦһԻԪʯҲ֪ΣҼĴ棬Ժлᣬҵʱ볤ϼһ¡
ģСѿľͷ˰볤Ҳ۷Ź˵
ʵһ˫Ӯľ棡
мԪʯɽ̫еķֲһӾҪȵˣ
ʱʤݵĳڴˣ
Цŵģ޵ҲԽ˲𣿡
⡭ʦлл㣡
޲δ˵ʲôģףĸм֮ɫ
ȻͽֻͲҪ˵ˣλҵϢϢȥһ˾ŶڣȻȥ
׿ų޺볤ϣҲǵȻһЦ
Сæڴ˵ȺСѵĺϢˡ볤ƺŴδйĿ֮ɫ
ļ֮
׵ҲǳžŶڵķ򼲳۶ȥ




3170  ˾ݵ
 

Ŷڣ
׺Ŷڵʱ򣬴ʱľŶڲҲһĳƣ
Դ̫֮󣬾ŶƺѾǱһӡǣ
ɽһҶں߽ϣҪþŶء
ǻʲô·
ȻûУ
Ŷڴ
Ķ͵ӭףֻһĨʼЩ֮ȥ
ɽ˭Ҷ˵вҲôѣ
ֹӣɣ״ڵأ
ĶףҲǿһ˿Цݶ׵
׿ŻĶЦŵĶ룡
Щ˵ԹԵĳ˹ȥ
Ŷڣ
ĻѾżˣΪ׵Ǹƺޱȣü֮һĨ֮ɫȴԵĺܡ
˲ǱˣǻĶĸסŶ壡
Ķλֹӣ»壬ŶлֹӾ˱ڵŮ
忴ףܿԼһ˿ݵ
һԵԬҲǳЦŵСѣּˣ
ĳԬ
ײδ̫֮ɫֻ΢΢̧ԼֱۣȻ󹰹ֵ
ֹڣЦʵ
ĳ뼸λʦ֡ʦŶڷа飬ڴĶǴɺ϶ѡҲл
׿ŻĶ˵
ôԣֹӼȻһŮǱҾŶڵĶˡڲʲôƴֵţֻҪֹӿۣҲԾ㣡
忴ףҲһε¶һ˿Цݵ
ǻΪĳǰֻΪνЩĻˡĳˣ
װڰֵȻЩҲȤ
ڵҲ֪ģֹӦҲȽϵȱʯɣʼշƵƺʵ̽ס
׿ŻڵȷԣĳȴáŻӦҲͨԬĶ֪ҵһЩɣûбҪ̽ˣ´ҲΪЩӬͷС
ֹӹȻԬԣӢ۰ֹ̫жҶںĶ߽һѣѲֹӾͲ±𣿻ֹ̣
忴ףĿЩֱһ㣡
ĶԼĸ˵ͱˣҲһʵ״ˣֹҵľˣôأ
޷װڰ֣ȻȻ˵ˣĳҲˡŶڼûĳƺҲҶں߽ڵжд˰ɣ
ֹӣȻ˵ˣҪֹ֪֪ʲô취԰ҾŶڶɹǰΣ
ƺЩҽʵ
취ҲûУĳΪʲôҪְأѲɻΪĳǸʵ˺۸ɣ˵ʵڲĳʱ֮أʱ뿪
׵Ļ˵ˣԭЩǵһҲǱ
Сѣа취
ԬףҲǵɴʵ
ĳѾ˵һ飬ԬӦҲڶ˰ɣֻǾŶҪɹ˽ѣ¡ĳ֪Ŷûг⣿
ʵԭҲҪŶڶɹ˴νѵģ
˭Ķôˮأ
ֻû뵽徹Ȼֱ˵ľ˵ˡ
Ȼ̸⣬׿ɾͲˣ
ȣҲҪ׳Լʵ
ɽ
׾ԼĵһվĿҲǽɽУΪ֮أ
⣿ֹֻҪܹҾŶڶɹ˽٣ȥ֮ΣֻҪҾŶڿõóĶǾģ
ʱҲֻôˣ
ֻһﵽʲô취
ҲûκεĵСôţҲֻץˣ
ʵһֱȴ׵ˣ
ΪֻҪǷӵĻôеȥҶں߽ڵأ
һССڵǸ
֮ǰԼŮĽ̸֪֮˵ıһòƺǿʦ
ֻҪܹסŶڣʲô۶ֵø
ĳžŶһ֮Ϊľ
ֻ΢һ˵׵˼
ľ
ȷǾŶڵֻ֮ϧŶį˹ľȻҩھŶҲûܹ߶ҩ
ʳ֮ζ֮ϧ
һ׵˼ܵҲüͷ
Ķ׵ĻҲɫҰ׵ĳ˼֡ףԭ㾹ȻҲΪľ㡭罣ڵǰһ
罣ڣĳм֮Ϊ飬ĶҲغҲ²⣬ĳֻǵĶľȤѡҴ˷ĳȴֻɻշѰɣ
׿ŻĶһ̹Ȼ
ҩʦǲôأҪڽƱˣ
ĶƺȥѾ϶׾ǳžľ
ĶҪ֣忴ԼŮ˵ܿת׵ľҾŶڵ֮ȻֹҪǱڿɵҲԸӣֻǱһ
֪ʲôһϲЦŷʵ
嵭˵ֹӿԴ߶ľǾ˵ֹԵ͸ֹҲ޲ɡֹֻܹ߾ľľԵ֮¡
˿ĳҲǽ֮ˡĳ޷߶ľĻǴ¾ʹաĳȻҲȫԸİŶڶɹѹΣ
׿Ż壬¶һ˿Цݡ
ֹӣ롭
Ҳ˵̫ķϻֱ׳žŶ˹ȥ




3171  뷨
 

ŶԺ
Ԭһ𣬶׺ͻĶ˺棡
ǰԶ
λŶڵĸҲһĿŻ壬ôҲû뵽˾ȻôһδɵСӣ
ڰ
Сӵʵʵ̫һЩ
ʵҪŶڶɹ˵ѹأôҲò̫ܣ
ǸղѾ˾Ըóľ֮
һԵļλҲǾ㵲ѣ˿̿ںĶ˵ʲôҲ˿
ˣҪľëͷСӣ
˵֮վڻֱߣǾŶڸ֮һģ
ĺͶԬԬǻ֣֮˵Ҳ̫Ĺ˼ɡ
οŶľ棬˵ʲôʵΪ
İľҾŶжٵأ˵ʵһЩɣ
һֱԸ⽫ľóΨһԭⶫǺʱھˣ
Ҿľһֱӡĺ󷽣Ҳˣ
֮ǰ˵ģľžŶڵĶôأ
ǵ˵ͷҲֻ˵ܹ߶ľŻף
Ǵ߶ˣǵʱľھŶڣ׻ðǶɹѹز
Ԭ忴ŻλСʵЩ֣˵ʵɣܴΣǹȴװģҶòҵȰ
ֹҵȣӵȾԲ֮°
Ҳǲòϣ׵ȷЩͷ֣οҲͲεĴأ
ƵʵˣĪΪνܾ˲ɣ
İʲô취ܹӦԼ֮ȺӢ᣿
忴ģҲüʵ
⡭ȷǺѣҲ̾һ
ԬҲǵˣҶں߽ϣҾŶΣӣ
ȻˣҲֻҽˡλֹȻʵƽƽƾʲô̫Ӳкͺ鳽˵ûеǻţ
忴ˣҲ¶һ˿ĪЦʵ
ô˵ЩġڣҾŶڵλţҡҵʵǲ̵ʲôط
ʼղ׵ľеĵأ
ҲҲ׵ĵطλΪΪʲôҪղǸ
忴ˣҲ¶һ˿Цʵ
˵˼ǡһһ
ЩĿŻʵ
㻹һ͸֮ǰĶ˵һضǿҩʦ˵ĻλӦǿ˴ӵ츳ɣ
忴ģҲǵһЦ
Ԭͷ˿ܵĺܣܹ߶ľⱳȻǿ߻ˡ
ɹأķʵ
嵭һЦҾŶʲôʧڻŶڲˣľ𣿡
⡭˵Ҳǰ
Ҳ˵ƺûлع
̾һʱλܵתһĵӰɣΪҾŶڱһЩ֡ȺӢᣬʱǰȥɣλʱ뿪ɽɡ
뿪ɽˣڵһһѾǽҶڵˣ
ԬҲ΢΢ҡͷûκεİ취
ݺɣмµʱءǻȥľɣ˵ʵҳ˵֮λʱһ֮⣬ûⶫ
ҲЦҲǸһڼ̨һĵط
Ǽ̨֮ϣһԼɡԼɳζЩƽ棡
ǲϸĻ»Ϊһͨҩأ
̨֮ϣ
ĵ˶һƣ˵ʵľ֮⣬˭ҲûȨȥ֪һʲôĴڣ
˿̣
ĺԬ忴ŶǸ󶦣Ҳʵˣľںδ
ľ֮ȻӦǷǳܵġĪ˵Ĵָ֮Уղֻ۷
Ԭ忴Ż壬ҲЩʵ
ˣľֻб֪Ǿľ
忴ĺԬҲ΢΢һЦ
⡭ôܣǶٴˣÿһμʱ򲻶⡭ⲻһͨĴ󶦣ôǾľأ
ĺԬ嶼ǾˣôҲû뵽ľȻȫڵӶĴ󶦣
Цܶ˴ľ⣬ȴ֪ľȻǼ̨ϵ⣡
忴ŴԶףҲǵ˵СѣɲɹͿԼ컯ˡ




3172  
 

Ŷڼ̨
ߵʱѾǸܵ˶ҩЩͬ
Ŷľľ¶һ˿Цݣ
ľȻǷǱѰ׳Ŷ֮΢΢һЦ
Сѣ㡭㾹ȻóǾľ
۾һɣȻҲЩ̫һܹó
׿ŻЦŵ˵Ҫ㻰
Ȼ
Ȼ𾪣ôҲû뵽ǰڵ˾ȻԿóǾľı
һԵĺԬҲǾ㵵°Ͷˣ
ԼھŶô궼ûпó˼أ
˼õʲôⷽ棬ǱȲ˼ҵġ
̨ϣ
˵Ŀⶼ˲Զף
ಽĳžľķ˹ȥ
˵װСû˵˰
׸ոߵľĸǰѾĶ
棬һΪⶫأм˵仰أľȷֻӦûأ
ЦŵҩǱȽϵ⣡
Ҫ֪ǿҩǴŴ洢ĹܵģʱҩĻν°빦
ʵνҩʵϾеһ֡
֮һ洢ĹҪӵǿ
û˵˵ʵ˵ľһģǰɲʲôľǽľǵ紫ҩʦ֮һǿ߻ľҩ
ЦŵǾЩʱǿԵõġ
һ̣һεվһߣ
ɽôƵطȻҲܹһԵ
ľֺƺûоľǿܹ۵ģӦòʲôƷɣ
ʵĶϤľӦû
Լо˵ģ
ͷľϸ˵ӦƷɣҩʦ˵ľѾǲɶõҩˡ˵Сӵð
ǲҩ׿ϲ治һ
̾һⶫܶʱԵ֡
Сӻ¸ʲôǶʵһϿɶѡСڵʵܹӵ˰ľҪʶϲĻǻ˭
ٺһЦҲЦ
ðɣԿ
ʵҲ˵˵ѣʶ˿Ѿ̽뵽ľ֮У
׵ʶеʱǾľƺܵĿʼˣ
ˣ
һľҪ˲ѹ׵ʶ
΢΢һľһε
ܿ죡
Ǿľ֮ʶϵĶţ
ֻ˿Ǿľƶλ֮⣬ûκεİ취
ѹҲ֪ľ֮е׷ʲô飿
ľ㾹ȻԼĲлӡԼҩ֮У˶ԩ
ľ֮У
ԭʶ׷Ҹϣã
ɾʶ֮ʣƺоʲôҲһ
˭
ľڣһֵӰ׵ĸǰ
ͷȥЩͷ桢ݲ
ΪղŵΪһﾹȻľ˻ľ
ӲͷǴ֮еĳҩʦ
ν˲ò࣬仰ǲ
ףղôôϤС޵ֵĺܣʵ⾫ȴǿˡȷһҩʦӰôҪѧϰǿҩ𣿡
ľףӿȥЩˣ
룡׿Żľֱҡҡͷ
ţΪʲô֪˭ľɫһ
ΪʲôҪ֪˭ҵĿǼԦľľͽܡ˵ʵҪͽܣ㻹е㲻񣡡
׵Ҳǫ飬һȻ绹ǱȽĽɫˣ
ʶҲʲôӰ
ڼ˵ľ߻ľôˡ
㡭Сӿ˰Ų⶯ָͷ֮أ
ľݺݵĿףֻ׸޶ԣ
ľľ㶼˸ŪˣȻ˼߸һߺģһо˰
ľո˵ݻҲһ鳯Ĵȥ
С棿㡭㲻𣿡
ľγľ֮УҲŵˡ
ǿʲôһ㣡
Կ϶ǣľ治ʶƺͦϤ




3173  ľ
 

ľ
Ĵҩʦ֮һںܶǰѾ伣
֮Ҳûκεټ
ںȥʲôطҲû֪
˭ܹ뵽ײĳطľĺ˻߽һأ
һطЩǿҪҲǲ̫ܣ
ΪĽʵ̫̫ˣ
οľûκεټ˭뵽νľľԭľľأ
𾳵ǿߣôҲ˹ɣ
ֻǻľôҲû뵽طȻܹ
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3174  ľѡ
 

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3175  Ե
 

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3176  ߲ͨĽݾ
 

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ҲȭͷһƺһҪһ㣡
ˣֹһɣϣǻһºȲĻᣬˡĳԶˡ
忴ףֻĹ֡
δΣ
岻֪ҲûȥЩˣ
׵ȥıӰĺͻĶɪɪ
ֻǻԬ֮͸Щڴ֮ɫ




3179  Ȳ
 

ڣҥס
׵һεĻصҥסʱ׵ݺ͵λѾǱ֮ǰͬնˣ
˵֮ǰҥӵ˽׵һСܵĻ
ôǿ׵ѾǱޱˣ
֡ʦܣԺס߰ɣʱȲҪȥˣ
ҥףҲɫ΢죬ȻסԼĸۡǼΪһ飡
ɶҥ˵ô˵оЩŤĺܣ
һԵҲǵͷǰʦܣҲ̫ƽʵδָʱҪȻ߻ָɣǳȥǰ֪Ļ¡
ʲôʦڿ̫ŽŮʦ𣬻ǲɣ
Ļһĸߣһθȥһ˾ŶڣҲĳʶˣ
֮ǰڸоЩãһγȥ֮ŷָô£
ܾʰ
һ׺ǧݵʱҲǱһӼȼˣ
Ʒʯ˼Ҳգ۵ľͶȥˣ
ڵĻûа취һ飡
ʦ㣬ĳһ֮룬֪λɷæ
׿ҥˣҲЦʵ
ʲô飿ֻҪܰģһ
ҥҲǵͷڶ˵æǱİ
ʵҲûʲôȥһ֮ǰ󡭡׵
Ȳ
׾ҪԼʵ
Ļоʵ̫һЩ
ûʵ״̬ʲô˶ڱ˵УоʵЩĺܣ
 һصڣֱ
񡭡ʦҪʲô
ҥףҲһʵ
ҪָʵǾͱ뾡ҵһʱܹۼĵطǡǡͷ
׿ҥҲֱԲ˵
ΪľҪֻԼʵˣκеǣ
ʹðʦܣʵ̫ΣˡصأⶼרԱصģοǻʻ֮У
ҥЩǵĿףʵʱҲ˽׵Ը
Ȼ˵λʦܿȥǿǢദ
飬ƺû˿Ըı䣡
Ϊ˽ԸҥҲЩǡ
ҲǵͷǰѰʦأô뻢𣿡
΢΢ҡͷа취λʦ֡ʦ赣ġҾҪ󣡡
Ҫȥ𣿡
ҥüͷ壬ʵҲ֪Լ϶ǻӦ׵ģ
ԣҲͲˣ
һԵҥ㣬ʵѡʦִҪȥĻǾͰһºˡ
ðɣֻҪһȫİ취
ҥǲĽȥʱҪɾϼˣ
ֻǲ֪׵̵ʲô
ֻҪ󣬵ʱ˭ҲҲˣ
ҥʦ㣬ĲõģֻҪҽ֮УҪҵҲǺ׵顣ڵóȻȥ϶ǲеġ
Ҳ֪Χ϶ڵĸ
ֻиҥˣܹ˷֣
ֻĻǼ򵥶ˣʱֱȥһˣʦܻоͺˣ
ҥ˼һᣬҲ뵽һȡʤİ취
лҥʦ㣡
׿ҥҲͶ˸мһƳ

׺ҥʱȴ֪Ѿ˳ס񱼶ȥ
ڵλڵ֪ҥǸ׵ļһ֮
Ҳ̸ҥסҪҥˣ
Ҫ֪ҥΪһĺĵ䣬һ򲻺ͣ
֮ǰҥӣֱѹŻʴף
ѵ
֮£
λҲ֮зų˺ݻֻҪ˭ֵܹСӲҵһʱĻ
ʹƷʯ
ƷʯǶڵλ˵һʲСְ
Ե׵˻һ̣ܶ˶ǿܲѣ
ȵλյϢȻһθϵҥסʱȴһε˿գ
׵˴˿Ѿշת󶴣
ſڣ
֮Ѳ󣡣
ҥԭѲ֮ʵûκεƣ
һγ⣬ӺҲˣ
׸ҥ󣬿ȥôĲۣ
˼ûľͽУ
ֻǵǸոսеʱȴһε˻Ǹһ
סԼݣ»һӾϳˡ




3180  
 

ҥǣ
ʿǰļˣҲɨһȦ֮۾һסݵף
ȻһʱȷǸ˾ףƾŸоΪ˶ɣ
ʣôĵӣʦ㾹Ȼ˵Ű
ҥŭһĿ֮дһ˿
Цһҥʦ㻹֪ѾѰ˰ɣԺڴȥȥǸأ
ߣΪ˻ǺΪ𣿼ֱЦڸҹҪʼѲˡ
ҥŻʣҲһ
Ѳ󣿲˼Ҫ֪ͨһлõȵᣡ
ʸҥκεĻᣡ
ȻҲ֪˵ҪʲôΪʲôͻȻ
ֻҪ飬ʾԼûκεĴģ
ʣھһΣĻǿɾͲҪҲˣ
ҥеĽѾҲһĽŻʣ
㡭ʲôѲ㲻֪Ѿ㡭ڹ棡
Ҳǿһ£ϾֻһŵӶѣ
Ǹôܻôķˮأ
ʵԸҥ
ȻԸ⣡
Ҳﻢ£ʱ˵Ļʱô
ԣھðűҥΣգҲǺã
úúãҵģ
ҥЦһ֮ǰĻԲܸģ
ϾҶһŻ죬˵ĶӣλҲǲԶģ
ΪףҥԼƴһΣ
Ҳ̸ģ뿪ڣҲĲ
ǲŵ𷣣ǾɡһҲΪ˱ſ
ʿҥҧҧҲǶȥ
ž
ڻΪ˸ҶֵʱѾǱһĶǣ
¡
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ʧҥȻɻ󣬿Ҳһ
ֻҪ׽ҪʲôǾνˣ
ʵҲҪ׵ָܹʲô
ʴ˿ҲǲĵĿŶҥŭһҥ㡭ıı
ııʲôֻڽѵһ֪𱰵ļһѡˣҲҵ㣬Ųţ
ҥʱҲǵʮ㣬мˣ
㡭ҵţҵš
ʵָҥȴûκεİ취
ֱĻʾŭ֮Ҳһ̵ĳ˹ȥھҪȥȱˣ
Ҫ֪һֱˣ·ߣƫƫ
ŻʧҥӵҲüͷ
ҥ㣬ʦôʧģ
ҥҲЩƵʵ
꣬鲻Ҫ˵ˣ͵ʦûнˣҪʲôǾ͵֪
ҥҲûӵˣ֪ϾͶˣ
һҲǵͷǰһˣҲϾˡǶǺĵӣˣҲҶô
ߣ˲˼ȡ֪ΪףȴԼһС˼ȥԺôɽ
ҥҲЩɸֵ˵
ԺǸʦ뿪ںˣطʵҲûжǰ;ˣ
ݺɣڵĵ֮Ҫʱ䣡Ҳ֪ʦܵȥʲôطһˣһҪͳһھ
ҥӵˣҲǵ
ͬʱ
״˿Ѿ˳۶ȥ
ʵϣȴǱж죡
󣬲ǸڱһС͵Ŀѣ
·һΪĿ
ȳǿߵĻҲǺѷֵģ
ο⸡ڱС󣬶һ˵żĸţ
˭Ҳûзȴһ˿΢⣡
״ͨһС͵ͨ
ȹâʯ֮Уһ˲עǺѷֵġ
룬Ũ
׶һ˳·˺ܳʱ䣬ǴͨĿ
ֻǵһ̣ҲǱӴʯˣ
ɫʯ¶˿ı㣡
˿Ŷоһ˷ܣ
²˳٣СӸϽָġ
濴ףҲ¶һ˿΢Ц
˵ʵҲҪһﵽܾʲôĲΣ




3181  
 

ײ㣡
׵֮͸һ˷ܵ飡
һһɰоǰδеţ
㣬ǲ֪·Ȼ˵ıж죡
²˳٣
ҲǸϽϥΧʼϵΧѸٵת
ģ
γһ޴УЩָӵʿһ㣬ϵĳ׵֮ӿ룡

Ӵ޵ѹټϻ֮ʹ֮ϵľ
Щ׵ľʼɨ
ԭϸСľһ̲ϵţ
ʱ
׵ɫҲǱòҰޱȣǵȸǿȵĳʵЩܲˣ
һԵ治ָ׵Ļһʱ䱻˵ĳпܻʲôҲ˵أ
ڡ
ڡ
ڡ
ֻǻָʵʵ˿ҲĿ࣡
Ҳѹ֣ʵ֮ǰĶɽٷʱʵѾǴﵽΣ
ֻȱһѣ
һγɣָԼʵҲˮɵ飡
ڲϵԼʵ
ȷǷǳĺһĹѾǴﵽԲĲΣ
ֻһͻ񽫾
ٶȣҲһЦҲûţ
ҲǵŴڳ
Ҫ֪
ǰĴڣҪָҪ֪ٵܹ
Ҳҿʶ쳣ǿٶȱ֮ҪϺܶܶ࣡
Ļ׹Ҫָ¶֪Ҫ೤ʱˣ
˫£
ײϵԼʵǵ׼⿴ι
̲صʯǳķḻǸС͵
Ҳһ
˳ٵףָٶҲڳˣ
ʱһһĹȥ
׵ʵѾԭڵľ磡
ûͣЪΪһֱϵͻƣԼѾЩľˣ
޵
Ҫ֪ʵҲҪ׵ļ޵ʲôط
ڣ׼յٶȣ
ԭΧд˿Ѿʮ֮
յٶȴһֱ֮ͬǰһ㣡
Сӽô죿
ľ֮УľףҲӶɳˣ
ٶȿģûмôİ
Ŀһۻľ׿ػߣ㻹ΪǸͨôܹҿ۵ˣȻʲôͨɫˣ
ɡ̫˰ɣŶʱ䣿Ѿ˰
ľĿһ𣬴ڵڣ
һ˲һµʱ䣡
һ°
˵ȥǻľţҲû˻ŵģ
ĳţһܹڵڣѾ˲õˣ
أ
һӺ󾳽磬ѲһﻹҪô
ĻǻľľҪһѪˣ
ôҲ˵ЩʱҲԳ˵˼άװ
֮ǰΪģǿٶȣƺоЩ̫һˣ
ҵ찡ĽľҲǼ˵
˵֮ǰףֻǾЩͷĻôԼͷǷǳĴˣ
ʵҲĽģ״½ʱǲĿֲܹ˾ʵԭʵ
˵꣬ҲǼ򵥵Ľһ֮ǰɽٵΣ
ľ꣬Ҳڵ
˵½֮˶ţ֪ΪʲôôţˣⶼǾ˾һ˰
ľҲǸп˵ǳ磬Զ½֮˲ʮֵ˽⣡
ۼ֤׵֮Ҳ¶һ˿Ľ飡
⡭һҪͻô
׼˵׺Ȼ֮һνռ
һ˲֮֮ǰҪֹ
Щ񰡣ֻ⡭ôأҲǡ
ľףһҲɫˣ
˵֮ǰѾ𾪵ĻôͻĻľֲҲˣ
ûһﲻҸɵ飬һʵԽ죬ҵԽϲģ
濴ףȻЦݣǻľʵҲóϴһ˿Ľ֮ɫ
ʱ
Ҳɫ죬ĶͷѾǲ˺飡
ȴǵһһ׵ľҲǰδеĳ




3182  
 

۷壡
״˿緢ȻоԼЩҪ֧Ųסˣ
ԼǰųһµĻޱȵźģ
ȻҲ֪ɹĸʷǳС
Ƕ˵ֻǲݴġ
ʧΣ
Ѿ۷ĲˣǴﵽԺԱ֮ˣ
սڻ֪Ǹʲô״

׼ǿԼľԼĵһεķ仯ʱ򣡣
һɼǿĴʹУ˿ȥЩεĸо
ʹôͻ
һԵͻľҲһһ㶵ģ
ã۵̫죬ס˾
ľҲǾ쳣ķḻҩʦȻھʮֵϤˣ
ô죿
ҲЩʵǿĻͨҲ滺һ׵ľ
滹һԵĻľھһӰ
Ȼʶܹﵽ𾳣ǵʵȴǳС
£ʵǿͨˣ
ľ棬ûа취Ψһİ취ܹڶʱͨľĻ
ô漱æʵ
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㣿ڵʲôطȥ취ͨ
ӷٵתţһʱȴ޷뵽һʵİ취
һֻܹ컯˰˵˾һ裡
ľ棬ҲЩԳ˵
ôô
ЩʧǵĿŶףʹģҲһľģ
ˣ
Ҫ֪Ψһָɾһˣ
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ף
ľ֮ǿҪܶˣ
Ͼû̫ĸ飬侲֮ȴ侲ĺô
ĻľͷһЩͬŷ
ΪһЩ̫һĶ
ôˣ
濴ŻľȻһεĿף
Ȼ֮䣬ЦղżͿˣôûأСӹȻûʧ֮£Ȼܹ˵ĵ
˿̣
濴׵ӽƽҲЦ
׾֮Щ·Ǳһεᴿһ㣡
ԭ͵һ̣ƺСʮֹ
Ǿȴʤһ
⡭ʲôڣϷݺǧ꣬Ҳûп⡭Լѹ˹ˣ
ľоЩ߸Լ֮ǰ뷨
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ҾԼƤӵ£ȻѹʮֹЧǱ֮֮ǰҪǿ᲻٣
ʱĻľĿ棬֪һ˺ܶ࣡
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棬ҡһķˣʲô취ĺܰ
ľѧϰӣҲ¶һ˿ĵ⣡
ٺһЦ㲻һֱ׵֮Ƿ̺Ż֮Ҹ㣬һξǻ֮á
֮˵֮ԶᴿЧ
ľ㵵Ŀ棬Ҳ֮ɫ
֮ûЧһǲ֪֪һξǻ֮ҪãСӸղһ
濴״˿ѾǻָʵǾһ㣡
Ҳ¶һοЦݣ
ðɣһľô꣬һСް
ľĽͬʱʵҲһĪʧУ
˱ˣȷҪ˰
ʲô֮ӣ֮Ӱ
֮ǰԼʲôҩһɶţ˼׵Уƨǣ
СҲҪ˵ˣԺףȻҲԿġ
濴оգҲ¶һ˿ŵЦݣ
Զ
ƺ𽥵ƽüͷҲʼչ
ղŵһʹ֮Լľһ̶ȵš
ЩŵͬʱԼĵ֮ƺҲڷżı仯
ƣ
˫ֺʮȻ俪ʼ
ոմзһ̣֮ڵʱ·ǽӵָһ㣡
һ£
еһ̶Ǹ˵֮
Ҫⵤһ㣡
һһǿϵĳˢ׵ԭʯһĵһɶˣ
ڣһεܲͻƳɹأ




3183  
 

أ
׵֮вϵķըѵͻľҲһЦ
˶ǳ֣ô᲻֪ʲôأ
棬СǸڰ̶µʱ䣬һȻֱӴڽڣֱǡ
ľŲϵĵ٩ŵף𾪵ѾǱֵ쾡ˡ
˵֮ǰĻľԼ׵ĸǰ԰ڵɵĻ
ӴԺ󣬻ľװʸûˣ
ţģûôţİ
浭˵۷Ҷ²ΨûиҲ²⡭
˵棬֮ǰһֱ˵׶һʲôţ٣ڻҪ֪ʲôٰ
ľԭ׶ɽٵʱȻҲ𾪣ûоʲô
ϾΪȻ֪ٵĿֲûôиأ
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ҵȻ֪ľͷ
֪֮ͨУʲô濴ŻľЦʵ
⡭һ治֪
ľ΢΢ҡͷЩȥעͲȥ˽⡣
ЦһȻ㲻֪Ժ˵ɣ׵ɽͨԻգ
գ
ľɻĿ棬ƺܹܵٵĵس
һȻ˵ֲ֮һλڵǿ߰
ʲʲôôأ
ľ׵ľˣڵǿߣⲻǿЦ
ɽǿ߾ǿǿȣҲ
һڵСආȥɽǿ±޵һĴڣ
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ʵǸʵǳĲƽµģ
濴Żľϻʵ֮ǰֻȵĸ˵˼䡣ɽʱѾӵ֮򡣡
⡭ɽʱӵ֮ƺ˰ɣ
ľȻ˵ԭס񣬿ȳʶеİɣ
οΪ𾳵ǿߣȻһԼֲ֮Ǹɵӣ
֮ǿ
κһ磬޿ӵ֮򰡣
Ļ֮֮Ϊ
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Բʵ֮ǰȷӵġзֱӽ񽫲εġ
ľ棬Ҳǽһŵʵ
ڣ
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Ҳ˵һʵ׾ĸ˴ϲ
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ľûзŵԼ̬ȣʵĻҲȻˣ
˿̣
׵˫ҲǻоһȵƿԼ֮У
ǰδе̤ʵĸоҲһεĻˣ
¡
ĻԼȭͷҲǱһޱȾ޴ӣ
Сӿţݺô꣬ǵһοôأ
ľףҲĴָ
׹һЦʵð
СҲҪ̫ˣȻ֮б֮ߵǿ߲֪
ӿһևNɪҲʱĴһ
׿棬ҲЦŵⲻǻϸҳ
˵氡˵Ľ㶼˼ҿһ£Ҳ̫һɣľҲվ׵
һܹܵסСӣһ嶯ɱmŲţ濴ŻľҲû˵
ɱm⡭²ܰɣľҲһ㶵
̾һ˵ѹǲ˽һ
棬ͲҪڸҿЦ˰ֲɵʱɱmô
׿棬Ҳһε˵
С֪ͺãҲЦŵ
һܿҲ쳣ʵ棬զˣôоƺôһ˿˿ϵأ




3184  鸴
 


潫µĲ޸·ҲǳԱ˵ĺһ㣡
˿һεĻ
һֵôһ˿˿ϵѾȫ޸ˡֻСӸոոգڵ֮Сԡ
ģ
׼֣ʶֱµϵ
ôҳǰҲֵ
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һԵĻľĻֿ˿׾ɲաղ˵ʲô롭
ôˣǰ
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⡭ôǰأİƺһֶֻܹĹɣ
ľףҲǲŵʵ
ǺԳָİ˵أ浭˵
ԽǵһԵĻľԽ
Ӹ׵ڣżµʱ䣿
оԼѾЩ߸ĸоˣ
һЦԭǰ֪ǸöǶĴ
ŶʵľЦŵ
һĴֻܹɾͲһˣﶼԴ洢֮УٶǿǱ֮Ҫǧֹģ
⡭ļٵģ
ľƺЩľˣȻ֪˵Ķġ
̲סѯʵȻʵЩ˼飡
ľԭΪԼʶ㣬ڸദһʱ䣬оԼЩ߸ˣ
ϻԺ㿪۵ӻءЦЦȻһԵ׵֮ǰھŶڵʱҸ˵޸֮оϲģԿˡ
ϲ治˵Ҷˣʲôϲ
׿棬Ҳǹһʵ
νľϲǾԲһľϲˣ
Цӣ׵֮ҲǶһڴ֮ɫ
飬㻹װģĸʲô
һƺ͸һ㣡
ǻ氡
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С飿
׿飬һҲûиˣ
һ˿Ļʦ磬㲻᲻ʶ˰ɣ
ȥ㰡Сôˣ
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ʦ磬ǲǾұ˧ˣ
ⲻҪľһεˣףһﻹصذһͣ
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һֵʦ磬Ͼֶһ٣ҵʵɳҲȻ
ţҲ뵽ˡֻСͻȻ֮һӻЩ̫Ӧ׿ЦһȻüͷչСӻǽС
õõãʦͱڿ˺ðɣԭǾԼͦţġڿʦʵҲЩѵˣ
Ȼô˵һʲôѵأ
۷壡
ҲһֻżҪˣ
ʵϣ֮ǰûǿͻƵĻҲͲ࣡
СӾ͇NɪɣСʵǿҲǰһһ£һλǻľǰҩʦ
׿飬ҲǽŻľ
ʱĻľһܵӣ׶Ϊصģ
ǰ
ҲǹֵͬΪ飬һͬ˵ĸо
ˣԺҶһսˣͲҪ߿ȥˡڵĵ֮ǽʯȫȡߣȻ뿪߰ɣ
濴׺һҲû˵
棬ղŸ˵ľϲһɣ
һߵߵҪߣҲЩˣ
㲻˵ҶˣСӸ˵ҲһģҾͲˣһȥָָء
ʧ֮УľһҲʧˣ
ڻָԺκҪɺܶˡ
ʦ磬һ׬˰ٺ٣
鿴ףҲǺٺһЦȥΪĲԣ
׿ʵʲôôоǱߴһأ
Ǵհкöʦ磬ҽһ˲֪𣿡
鿴ףҲȽ֮С
׿һһֱӣҲεҡҡͷ
Ҳʧ֮С




3185  ϲƷ
 

ڣ
һʱȴԵı仯
һ㣬Ǳŵȫǻ֮һ˿˿ӵУ
֮ǰʱڻĻ֮
鳹׵ͷ˿Ч൱֮ǰһС磡
Ҳ̲ס̾
鿴׳ԾӣЦŵʦ磬Ժ֮ʱԸṩ֧Ԯ
һεĻС֮ջķİ
׹һ֣ҲЦ
ٺһЦǰҴ㽫֮һ¿ٵĿռ֮УռĿռ䰡
飬ôôʾˡ뿴νľϲʲô
һһȦ֮ҲЩʵ
ٺһЦʦ磬һؾϲ޷潣㿴
Ŷ޷潣
ʶһɨ޷潣ѾƮĸǰ
ֻڿ޷潣ʱҲЩˡ
⡭޷潣ôˣ
׿ԭĶϽʱԡһıһոµĳҲЩ
ף˵Ļ˰ɣ
һһγ׵ĸǰ
棬޷潣ˣҲǵɴ۾ʵ
յ׽ٵȷ̾Ϊֹԭ޷潣ҲһѡǾǿٵϴ֮Ѿǳ׵Ļתˣ
ҲΪ˵˵׼ҲЦ
Ҳǵͷǰ޷潣ӦƷԲͰ
ܹٶĶƷŪúпǼƷСһǺõûߣһƺҲⰡ
濴飬΢΢һЦ
Ʒô⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ЩŵԼ۾ƷȻǷƷ
Ҳûʲôͽ֮˶ȻʦʵԭȵĶϽѾǼƷ֮ٵϴ񣬾ǳΪ˼ƷҲǲֵ飡
搶ź룬˵ʵҲΪ𺳣
Ʒ
һ磬װѾǳԽ˺ܶǿˣ
ò˵һ㹻㹻ĺð
ȻǾϲ
ҲЩֵ޷潣ǽ΢΢âȥ˸оһº͡
ϲɲֹ޷潣ٿľ
һεĿףǾ˿ҲǰǱߣ
ֻԭͨ͸׵ľǼһ㵭Ľɫ
⡭Ҳˣ
Ҳʵֻ磬ƺͲˣ
ΪɽѹҲһûе۳ʳʲôģ
ΪҲǷǳΣ
ҲЩ۲ȴ޷жĲʵʲôԭɽʱǼƷɽ֮Ǳȴ֮޷潣Ҫǿ
ҲüףȻҲûиʲôԭ
һԵͷԸо֮仹ϵģָоǿң
ô˵ȻãǼ˶ԸӦĳ
Ҳ𾪲ѣĻҲЩ̬ˣ
ףԿһѵ
ԥһҲĻӻ֣
ಣ
ԭǱߣһ̣ʲôٻһ㣬׵ĸǰ
ּ⣬ľΪ׵۳ʦ
ײʵ飬ɻľȴǿԵģ
һԿֶûпĻľһ׵ĻҲһ
ܿ죡
֮з·һʥּľֺȻ˵һλ
ĺ滹м̽ɫĴ֣׵۳ʦ
Ӱȥ٣
ǵ翵ʥּڲ˻ľ֮󣬾ƾʧһ㣡
⡭Ѳɻã
Ҳ𾪲ѣԭΪɽãȻǲжôˣ
Ըоóɽûκεı仯
˵ҪͻľĻӦҲǿԵģ
һǾõĻСӿ׬˰ʱλǿߣ绹˭Ҹһսֻǿϧĺܣƺֻܹˣ
ЩƵ˵
ˣɽģҸоġҲʱ棬ʲô
ֿ˻ֻĵʱооˣ
СӾ֪ɣΣһθľϲѾ㹻˰
˵Ĳ󰡣
һһҪı飬Ҳû˵
ʲôôʯҪʵЩϧ˰ҪȻȳȥ˵ɡ
˵꣬һ̵ʧ֮С
ֻʣ˿Цֹ




3186  ҥ֮Σ
 

֮У
׺鼸˵Ƿƣ
޴׺˸գ˿ҲǾĸʯ
ǼƷʯҲǲ
ض飡
״˷Ŀ˵׬貧ӯ
ڣҥס
ʱҥסȥݣ
ǰ
ҥ׽֮У
Ȼ׳ɹĽ󣬿ҥȴùˣ
ֱΧסҥס͵ȡʯҥץ
ҵ佻һ׵ĺı֮ˣ
ҥ֮ҲǸΪ˶ڣˣ
ҥͱѺڵ֮У
˿ҥסӺкεһȻ֮ɫ
ʦ֣ǻİ취ɣҥڶ֪ôˣôȥĻҿ¡
ϳ˵֮ɫҲǼȹϵһ
̾һ˵ܰԭΪ˻£û뵽ȻȻ˵ƫһ
ʦ֣ʱ㻹ôô˵ˡƹƽʵ϶ԼĶӵġ֮ǰҥСͻûƫֻǱһԼĴȶѣֵزԼĶ²̨ô
ӣЩ̫ˣ
ӵǸӣѪԵϵʲôʱ򶼲ģ
һԵĺƵ˵ҡҾӦȥ̫ҳ¹æϾ
޹Ȼλ磬ʦӡʦѶδóȻǰȥʲôأ
ֱӷ˺ε뷨
̾һʦڿʧ֮󣬾Ǵδֹһ˵ʦܻ᲻ʲôⰡ
˵ܵģ
һô˵Ҳҡҡͷ
üʦܣҲҪʦҲǲܡڲҪûʦǹţҥǻҪȵģϾҥǵĹǰ
ҾǾִ粻µģ
λһᶨ˵ȻʵҲûκεĵ
ôһֱ׻š
ӳʦʧˣǻŵĻô᲻أѲԸĿҥʦþôĥɣ
ʵҲʦӦûţ֮ǰʦ˵ҪָԼʵҲҪʱġ
ܲôɺŰɣʦãǱôˣ
ӿҲǸϽʵ
΢΢ҡͷ·߲ͨˣЩ˭֪ҸҥĹϵǻѡˣʵ̫ʵˣ
ӷĽԼǰʯķ飬ŭһߣǾ;Ȳʦ˲ɣ
ʦ֣Ǳô
Ƶ˵ʦǱûʲôʱҪʦھͺˡ
ˣһϢһûü˵
֮ǰӺͺ죬ƺʲôһ㣬һɫˣ
ʲôϢӿӣҲһʵ
΢΢һž˵Ҫٿᣬҥ͵ȡʯУҿ¡
⡭ļٵİ߰Ǹʦܻûʯô伫
ĻҲǻðɣ
һƽһԼһҥ׶༪ٰڲ취Ļ¡
ʦ֡ʦ㣬ҪǰڹĻǡҥʦӦôа
ζʵһ㶼˽⣬ֻʲôдʱҲЩ
ҥѺûʲôΣյģ
һиʲôʲôĻǵʱҥʦľΣˡ
źεȡŲߣ³
񡭡𣿣
ŵ˵Щˣûģ
𣬾͵˰
ˣˡ
Ҳһƨ˵ϣ˿̵˾ûͷĲӬһ㣡
ҥץӦûû
ŪʲôᣬȻҪҥˣ
ӻڵҲô
·Ǳˣ˵ǳ֮⣬Ѿûκεİ취ˣ
ô⣿ҥʦأ
ӡͺδͷɥ֮ʣһ֮ǵĶУ




3187  
 

ף
ʧµʦܣ
һεĳ˵֮еʱ򣬼˼Ŀ͵Ŀף
˭û˵ôĿ
׿˵ӣҲ΢΢һЦôˣ²ʶˣ
ִ磬𣿡
Լ۾оЩ̫ʵһ㣡
һԵЩ˵ʦܣ㡭ʱȥﰡҵĺడ
ңҸʲôҲǸǣȥеô
׸յߣ⼸Щ㲵ӣҲüʵ
ҡǻΪ㡭
һûаѿصסֱӱԼ뷨
ݸһЦʦ֣Ӳĺܣôģ
ǣͺãͺð
ҲǼ˵ǰӵһ£
˵
ײǵʦܶѣǵУʦƺκ˶ҪҪһ㣡
׵ĳ֣ͻȻ֮Ĺһ㣡
һɨ֮ǰ
׵ʦܣҥʦˡ
ţˣﲻôܳʲô飿
׿ӣԭЦʧȡ֮һȻ
񼱼ææĽ֮ǰ˵һ飬Ĩһʦܣİ취ȫˣɡǡ
޷
Ȼֻ˵֣ȴĪģ
⹫;ˣٲ취Ļ¡
˵ɣ֪׵ʲô취
׿񵭵ʵ棬ʱͷˡ
ţʦܣ˵ʲô˼ףҲƵʵ
ʱǾ֪ˣ
Ҳ΢΢һЦʵһôأ
ǰ˲ҪԼ鷳
׵ҪЩôԼ鷳ģ
˵ĵ֮ɫһֱûȥ׶ô˵ˣҲûʲôõİ취
ԣ
Ǿ͵ȥˣ
˵ǳ˵ȴҲûκθõİ취ˣ
һҹ޻
ڶ磬ڼΪĹдż̨У
ִܷ˴ιдᣡ
ôδ˵д˴
˵ʵ
ҥܹõĴЫζһݵĸо
ֻ˭ԸõĴأ
ǺĵӡŵӶǸϵ˼̨Ǳߣ
֣Ǻܶ˶Ըģ
²ؼ߸߹
źĵ֮Ժ󲻹ǲ෹̸ʶѣ
ֵֿ̬֮еŲٵУ
ʦ벻ǧƷʯΪʲôҪ͵أ
ǰΪʥĵطҪҲ͵ŵĶɣ
˭֪浽ʲôأҲûʲôϵ
һΣҥ޷˰
һ˿ŲԶѺҥһҲ΢΢ҡͷ
˵͵ȡŵʯǲ͵͵ԼĶ
ʵҲһЩ˿óһλ鲢
²òͷ
˭ԸðȥΣΪһѾ˳ͷأ
㶺ˣһ˻Ĳɳ顣
ྲ
ߴߴʱһ͸̨
ܷŸֶԭӵĹ㳡Ҳ˲䰲
һ֮ȨȻеģ
ܷŵԣĶҲһĿˣ
һҥҲʱ⣬ԼҲû뵽ջȻ֮󣡣
ܶŵĳ֮Ҳŭ˽Ĺдᣡ
ڣ
ܷſһһԵ죬Ҳǳʵ
ˣڴˣ
쵥ϥ¹Ҳǳ
ҥȡʯ֮£㷢ֵģʲô֤ݣ
ܷſűѺҥҲǵʵ
ӵȻ֤ݣǴҥĴָ֮ѵʯЩʯǱӡǵġ⸺ſŵӻҲΪ֤
쿴ܷţҲһ˵
˵ĳϣ˭ҲϷЦģװҲװȥǣ
ãȻ֤֤ȫźĵҥԷ˳ڵĴ֪Ժλŵӿ飿
ܷɨһȦˣҲǵʵ
Ժû飡Ժһ˵ҲһȻ˵
˿ɻ飿
ܷһεĿΧĵӣʵҲ߸ѣ
飡
ܷΪ˿϶ҳͷ֮ʣ״ӡδȺ֮˳
ܿ죬˾͸óһ




3188  ζ
 

Ŀۼ
ԭΪ֮Уû˸ǰ
ʵܶһܷźԼĶϵ޷죬Ǿ֪Ӧèģ
һλŵĺĵӣôܵ͵ʯأ
ǲûİ취Իȡʯ
ο
ҥһǰؼδԽ֮£
ټϻʱˣһеһж˾ÿɡ
ɾ˻ѡ죬Ϊʲô
ŵڵͳܶ˾Ϊŵ֮֮£
Ѳϣδ쵼ڵһ޳֮ͽ
һߣ
ҥ˼µĿ֮Ҳǳ׵ľˣ
طûбҪˣ
ǽƣ
ҥһ˿˿ĺøҲǵȻ޴ˣ
ԭΪ˶ȻΪԼģΪܷһֱһ˽֮ˣ
أ
Լ̫ˣ
ʳӣ
ܷȻҲˣҪ֪ͬŵҲǷǳĴϳţпĳͷ
ΪԼĶӣôôأ
һôˣԼΨһĶͻʧȥļ̳Ȩ
ܷҧ֮ʵҥ͵ʯ飡
Ǽ򵥵ĳ벻壬ϵδ
ҥԭָ׵ĳ֣Ϊʦܡ
Ǽµʱ䣬׾˼һ㣬޶
дᣡ
ҥܷŶԼĳͷҲĬ
ܷûнԼֱ𣬻ѾĿˡ
ɾҥоԼҪʱԭҰѾǳ׵ˣ
ף
˵ܲٲܲٱ㵽ˣ
ҥ״Ӻ˼̨Ǽȼֽţ
λʦܲûǶȥһεĳˣ
ŵλʦҪԵĿŰ
㣡
ԭҲվԱߣϾ֤ˡ
ԭǵļıҥֻϧǸ׵ļһܵûӰˣ
˵飬ʻΪź
ܹҥҲǾΪĽˣ
ɾΪҥѾ޿תʱû뵽Ƿ˵СӾȻֳˣ
˭
ҲüŶ߹ӵˣΪ׵Ǹʶ
ָ׵СӣǸ֮ǰڵĿ󹤡ˣ֮ǰ˵ıˡ
ͨҥ⹴ȡʯ
ܷԭΪԼĶݺģΪ漰һĪеˣ
ܷû뵽ȻˣüͷҲǽ岻ѡ
ǣһݵĻЦԷǰΪƾӺ͸ӻĳλӵһ֮ʣͽһĵŪ㻹ô
һ߶ʮһֱӳܷŷˣ
֡ʦܡ
ʵҲǽŲѣ֪׵Ҫʲô
ӺôҲû뵽СӾȻָˣ
ʦǲҪ
װڰֵѵ˵ôνĴָ֮еʯʲô·ֵģλסҥʦ֮ŷֵģ˵ǼǧƷʯǷŸƷʯҲڻ°ɣ
㡭˵˵״ˣһڵߵǷǺڰװ
ܾ˵УҲЩ߳ŭ˵
ܷɫ˼㣬Ҳ֪ĳ¸ܳϵģ
ߣһССĿ󹤣ҲҸ˵ֱǷţץʣ
ܷøļһ߷ϻ
һ˵жٵ˵أ
ʦܣϽ߰ɣûκεĹϵҥˡ
ҥʵҲ֪׵˳ҲǼȥѣ
ȻϲΪԼͷֳ֪ͷζʲô
ҥһ֮ʲôʸָֻŵģӷҲߵˣ
ܾҥҲŭһ

׺ӵ˵Χ˲˼ʮλڵĵӣ
ЩʵȻرǿҲǰμˣ
Ӻ˱Χ֮ҲʿˮѾƴֿ׼ˣ
֡ʦܣۡô죿
Ҳû⣬ԭΪʲôð취ء
Ҳû뵽һ˵ͷֱ࣬ӳ˳֮˸Χˣ
ʱһӣóҲǱپˣ
Ȼڵ˵Ҫҥʦأǿɾ͹ֲĳˡĳҲҪʲôζ
׵һϯֱѻȸ




3189  նɱ
 

ζ
һ±ƣһĪǷˣ
Ҫ֪ڰһ˵Ҳ´ͷ

󹤻Ǹ˵ڳ֮˿ǰһĻһߣ
ʲôҲ˵˴ԲѵĻ
ߣʵȺС֮Ȼ˵ķ
ֱһССĿ󹤾Ȼڴʴʣ
ͷС˵Ĳô
һ˿ףһ
ڣǿеʥ֮أ
һĿ󹤣˵Ű裬ǽ˶Ūڹ֮
˵пСǻĽడ
ܷţ
λڵҲû뵽ǰͻȻQļһȻҵŵ˵Ļ
Ҫ֮λǾҪûˣ
ܷһһվ˵룬һǿϢѾ
׵Աߣ
ӺѾǳ׵ɵˣ
ôҲû뵽Ȼķʽ棡
еӣѾŵò˵ˡ
ô֪ûأ׵ȻһЦ
СӣȻҸҸ״˵
쿴ףҲŭһ
ʵСӵʵ֮ǰҲ˵ģ
ڣ
СʵЩŹ֣ΪʱСӿȥֻڡ
Ȼսʤ˻ʣСӦʵ
ʵŻʵսСҲ۷ѣ
Ȼ֪СʵΪʲôԸȥһ󹤣
ѾڵʵҲ̳һĴڰ
ˣôܽһĳСӷأ
ǣݺҥʦ㣿
׿죬֮ƺκεɫʵ
״ˣ븸״úɱ֪ߵغļһ
ףתܷŵķԸµս
ܷȻóԼıУǸֱӶֵĻǶˣ
ԼԸµӣҲǐԼһСӵɽݲ¡˵ڷ֪֪ڵ
ɱɱ
ܷŻ䣬
׸ղŵһԲֻܷţûнڷУ
ȡ֮λ̽ȡһ㣿
СӻĲһĴ󵨰ڿҪնɱⲣȻҲ˷ޱˣ

õܷŵɣҲ쳣˷ܣ
һԵףҲ֪׵ʵģϹ˵֮ɫ
ӺͺεԲ˵ˣǸҥ뷨һ޶
ʱƺѾǼϲòˣ
æʦܣʵ񽫾ڣɵСˣ
ߣô꣬û뵽ǾȻΪһ˸Ҹԣһ¿ʰǣ
ݺݵĵһҲŭĿԲ
Цһ죬ԼʲôԼҥ޹ģǹ˽ѡ
˽ڵҪһͨĺĵһ𣿡첻м˵
ϻ
ܷſһεĸˣҲǵ˵
ݺݵĵͷŶ˵ͶǿԿǸһȫʬ
˵ģ׵˵
ô˵ǲͶˣȥɣ
һЦΧ˲γһ֮򣡣
֮ס׵һ˲䣡
Ҳʧԭأ
һ̣
һ𣬳׵ķɱ
ֻգ֮䣬ƺѾǴ͸׵һ㣡
أ
˻δعһ˫
һεĶۿȥѾǶǱߣ

ܷŴ˿˫ɺĿԼĶӣҲû֮ǰһĨȣ
ΪѾǸܲԼκϢˣ
ˣ
ڳ˶֪쵽ôģ
ˣ
ڣڵļ̨֮ϣ
أ
׵ڿռ֮кȻ䱬ѿѪˮ˸һɹֲϢ
ںڱ˵һжûйȥֱӾͲߣ
һ̣һƬţ
ûԸһ̵ļž֮




3190  նܷ
 

ˣ
ڵļ̨˵նɱһĻǴ㵲ѣ
һ̶ĿɿڴĿŲԶȻף
һﵽ˭
ôôĵӣ
Զ
ӵҲЩСȶӴĸо
һವǵĺƣʼջ֮ȥ

û˻ͷ·ͽĿԶûС
ŶܷǷɫӺһЩҪĳ嶯
ݱӣԼû뵽
̬ѾһʰӺһԵĺΣһҲǴҴ
ʲôʱĳ氡
һ֮ԿţǶôǿǰ

ܷŵһ˿ỨΨһĶû뵽ȻԼǰ
裬Եĳ谡
ʱܷſŶף޲ʳ⡢Ѫ
ˣӲ񣬾ȻնɱֱǲڷУ
ܷŵһȺȺ鼤ߵĿŶף
ҲǸܷͬ뷨Ѿҥȡʯȡʯˣ
׿һ۶˵ڣĳ̤ĵһӽԺڱ׵ĵ̣
һǿţΧҲһ±ƣ
һﵽϸȻҵ˺λ˵Ļ
ܷŭһɱڣ
ݣ
ܷŵһŭһǿޱȵĽѾǱ
˽һ
ܷŵʵȷ֮ǰԱģ
ֻʵǿ֮Ҳ۷ѡ
ܷţΪȻҲûͻ磬֪Ƕôˣ
׿ܷὣУҲĨһ˿Ĳм
ΧǰȻһߣƺδκγֵĴ㣡
ΪղնɱǻĿģǸ֪һﵽʲô취նɱ죡
ﳤŵΪһֻһĻľɵˣ
Ȼ˳ǰ棬Ҳֻܹˣ
˼ҼȻҵô˵սܷţ˵Ҳǵ֮
ֻܷѾû˻ͷ·ˣ
ԴĶӱնɱڼ̨Ҫ׺ͽ⣬ҲǾ޿ˣ
ΪڵܷҲһΪҪӵˣ
ǲֻϧ̫һЩ
׿ܷţҲ
˵֮ʣѾǶܷʮĿ걩
⣡
ٲȻһֵķ緶ŶܷҲǴһ˿ϷŪ֮ɫ
ܷŵٶԽԽҲ΢΢һ̾ˣȻôҪɱңĳɡ
ܷһ㶣Ϊһֻܣ
ĺܣܹԼôĹܹ˵˾һ֮˰
ˣ
ܷʱһǿѹѾǳ׵İסԼ
á
ܷҲǸɵӣܵ׵ѹ֮Ѿǳ׵ķˣ

ǿ߰
˭֮ǰһǸڵģ
ⲻǳ
׵Ľ˲סԼһ̣ܷҲǱһ
Ϊ֪һߵˣ
κһطȱԶǺҩ֪ǿʵĻܷŻôţô
Ȼᣡ
ֻ֪ʵ̫̫ˣ
֮У
ܷŵ˲ʮۣܿ͸һһƬռ֮˲䱬ѿ
ڵһغ϶û֧ȻѾǱնɱڼ̨
˻
ʱ֮ڣ˶ǵһ
һʼĲм𾪣ٵڵɵۣ
Ҳ˲һʱ䣡
Ǹ֮ǰǻΪ˵ļһնɱҲסҳ׿
ֲ̫̫˰ɣ⡭λǰʲôʵ
˿һֻ̤ǿ߰
ԭһΪǰǸأڿһǿ߰
ۡڿҪĳ˰
һλִǰеĻԺ˵иķչأ
һʱ䣬̨ԭļžҲǱޱȵĳӣ
׵ǿʵ˶ݵʱھڵˣ
ֻǰﳤףһ䣬һҲ֪Ӧôźˣ
ܷȻרᣬʵȷҲǿĴڣ
ﳤһֱܷհģ
ܷˣҲʧȥĹǣ
ɻ˭
һߴߴʱ׵͸ڣ
һ̣ɱһ㣬һϢ




3191  
 

ڼ̨
ʱΪ𺳵ĲڵǰˣӺˣ
֪׵ʵģҲΪ֪׵ʵԲŽųӡ
ǾȻ׵ʵѾﵽһƿֲľأ
֪ʲôʱԼʵġ
Ѳʧļô
˵ĻҲֲ̫һɣ
ڵȲΣʵǹ˵ģ
ʦ֣ҡûпɣʦôô
˿мȼֻţ׾Ȼնɱڵ
ŵǣΪʲôôأ
ôԺǿ¸׵Ĳ̫ˣ
Ҳһ±ƵĿң˭ڻأ⡭ʦܲڵô
á֮ǰھŶڵʱʦ˵ʵˡĪָʵˣ
Щ̽ԵĿʵҲǲ̫ȷڵʲô
һԵĺιһֵôʲôִɱķֻҪִˡĹأ
˵Ҳǣʦռ𣿡ҲЦŵ
ӿ̾һʦðԺǻǲҪںʦˡ
ʦԼǣ
ҲͷȻʱںʲôʦǲˣ
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һڳϿףΪ׵ǸҲЩηηĲǰ
׿ԥǰͳһµĴϣʵ˭£
ϣҵһƾϵİţ
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ڵǾΨбǵһҪǸ̸ˡ
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Ϊҥ飬ŴԼʦȥ顣
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ϺĿӵ񲢲ѺãҲ̾һСӣҲҪΪʦܷΪһǿޱȡһθǹϵӵǰ;ҳҥĻǿ¾Ҳȥˡ
ˣûֵ˼
һ䵭˵ǰ˭ֻأ
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Ϊҥͬһʦ𣬱λϺģ
ҥ˿̱˸ǰӺͺĵĶԻҲǰڰֵʦ֣ѾȥˣǾͲΪʦˣ
ʦ䣡
ӾǷйһӵԹһ㣬˿ûиκεӣ
ΪΣǵ̬׵ֹնɱܷţҲΪڳȥһĳһ֮룬ֹܹӦ
ϵ˵޷
׿ģҲ赭д˵
Ŀһң֮ǰҵȳ֮ѡֹΪֹ֪ӿ⣿
ᣬ׹֮־֣Ҳܹĳ˿̵ľȻô˵ˣĳҲ͹ˣ
ԭҪ㽨Լġ
һ磬Ǵڿʼ׾ھΪԼһ̤Ҳһѡ
˵Ҫıǽ̤ʵأ
֮ǰԣҪһڳԳӣµʱԼпܻᱻ
ԭһ۵СţطȻҲ˻ɵģ
ݼˣ
һҲһˣ׵ĻҲֱӹ
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еĵһ̣Ҳǳ׵׵Ľ£
ĹԭһСѾȡܷţΪµ
ɽХĤ֮صڣһվȽŸˣ
ֻȺ֮УǸʵļһʱǱɪɪ




3192  һ˵õȮ죡
 

ڼ̨
ǿͷȴ°
˽û뵽ԭһҥĹдᣬȴⷬģ
һСεض𣬳Ϊε
ⲻò˵һּķˣ
ɽХһĳݣҲûйʲô̫Ĳ
Ϊʲô
Ϊһʲôûм
һͳɽҲˣοһССأ
ټ֮ˣҲʲô̫Ĳˣ
ӽΨһԾŶΥߣݹֱ飡
׿ΧˣĿҲ͸һӵɱ
˽׵ˣŪĻЩԲˡ

ʵڵһڵ˵˭ν顣
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ֻҪܹǹϺӵĻ˭Ǿӵ˭
׿һԵӵˣҲ΢΢һЦҥʦ㣬ԺⳤţݹںĵӰɡŷչ׳е
ҥл
ҥ˿ЩˣԭΪԼ˵һѣ
ڿǵѣһ
⸣֮а
ʦ㣬Ҳ볤ţݹҩã
׸ûκεˣܹεˣҲҥüӡΣ
ôˣҲҪİɣ
ԣֻܹЩʱԵĲ

ҲЦЦǷǳĿĵġ
ӾϣǳĲ
Ҫ֪ǰǰٶȵĻҪΪųϣǿǷǳǳѵģ
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ԥһҲЦ
Щһ˵ĪҪɷӣô˳ƺΪʦ֡
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ӸϽͷһ߾ȫ˵С
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û⣡
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ڲһڶѣ
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˲һ˿Ȥˣֻһۣȴĸ׽ˡ
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ǺĳԥһҪڣѾǹˣ
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ֻһɽŵĿصӶѣŷٴıʸҲûжĹϵ




3193  ܣ
 

̨ǰ
һֱҪ˵ȴֲ֪ô˵
ó˿̵ĺʮֵԥ
һߵļλˣ׵Щˣ
źʵϣлҪ˵
ˣȷЩҪ˵
ҧҧҲǿ׵ϾϣҲҪֺһģ
֪˵Ļֺ׻ǵף
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΢΢ͷлֱ˵ڲˣ
ͷˣȻĻлֱ˵ˡҶڲ֪˿֪
ҶڱȻ֪
׵ͷ֪Ҷڵ鳽ҲӲģ
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üʵڣʲôڣ
֪ҶλžŶڲһ·ģϾλţʵǿᡣɳʹǱǴҶڶ
ĵĻʵѾ˵Ƿǳ͸ˡ
Ȼ˺ĵ˼ղֱҶڵʹǰûȥɽӭӣƺϣ
ϾҶڵУҲһŶѣ
ţǲҶ㹻صĻµʱʲôҪ鷳Ҳ˵أ
ֻôҶڵĳأ
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ǡ
û뵽׾ȻĸԭֻǺĵף
ΪλεһԼ飬϶Ǹмģ
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һ̶ǵһ
λ˻Ǹʮ㰡ոյСС͸ҿɽһҶڵˣ
ĪһĻˣѹͲأ
ͻȻðģ֮ǰܶ涼ûм֣
λε˵ǿޱȣһҲǰѣ
ͬλ˵ĻھҶڵһĿˣ
ҶĴݻڵɽţŶָ˵ʲôأ
ҥ˿̿˵İԵҲЩǵѵˣԼǣƱǿǻǡ
ҥʦĪ֮ǰ̫еˣ
׿ҥҲ΢΢һЦ
ҥһ㶣漴ЩȻʧЦ˵˲ᣬҥˡ֮ǰҶڵȷЩ죬Ǹʱֻڵĵӣ񡭡
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ӿףҲЩǵ˵
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⡭
ҥӼͬʱЩ˵û
Ҫͽ⣬Ǿܹͽ
׳ˣҶڵʹ߹ˣǹҲδؾʲô°ɣ
ˣ²ĲĻӦǹȺӢ飡
һԿףҲǸϽ
ȺӢ᣿
üʵû뵽ȺӢѾҪʼˡ
ԼʵָˣҲûʲô̫ĵǡ
ո֪ȺӢɽŸ߲ٿĴᡣÿһʱ䣬ȺӢͻٿҪĿľһЩɽìܡ
ĿףҲǸϽ͵
ҲʸμӣЦʵ
ĵͷȻʸμӣȻڵλߣȴҲһкܶţɽ֪ҲǳĶࡣԭԭӦܷŲμӵģѾˣ
ţ鱾֪ˡ
ʵ֮ǰ˵ȺӢ飬ҲǴӦ˾ŶҪǽ鷳
ʸμӣٺòˣ
ܷţôĵӣҶִóԼݵȻɽӭӣֱ޿ˡ
׺ͺ֮ʣһɤѾǹᴩڵļ̨
˵Ŀƺǳİ裡




3194  Աڲߣ
 

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Ȼô뿴ǱھͳȫɣԱڲߣ
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ݣ
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⽣ӹ˲䣬һɱֱռըѣ
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һȻֱӶҶڵ˶ˡ
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ڵĵӾˣҶһǰ֮Ҳǳ׵ãȻˡ




3195  ˭ɵӣ
 

̨ǰ
Ҷִ¿ͻȻնɱڵӣҲĿɿڴ
ΪҶִõһߵĺܣ
Сţ࿴һ˶۵ûš
ЩСŵһֺõĻ³¿ͷȥˣ
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һҶڵĵҲĿų¿ŵǴһôˣ
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֮ǰǾΪЩԶѣڿλεֻЩ԰
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һСŲţ
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ҲǡġȰο¿ˣ
ʵԵĿҲǳ¿Ҳø˼ƽϣ
ֻҪһԼЩĻôһҲǶһٰɣ
ִҪĻȻҲκεʴȵģ
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¿Ѿ׼ˣ׵ĻҲǲмЦЦǰɣϣ±ҪǵúúˣҪôΪǡ
ô˵Ǵڶˣ
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Ľձļգ
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3196  ¿
 

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ڵļ̨ǰڵĵӶôΪġ
ڵĵӣһԵĺĳϵҲ΢΢ҡͷ
ȻǾΪǱֵ̫ˡ
ˣ֪ԼҪˣ
λҲ̫ɵһɣ
ֹɵȻҶִõҵﰡ
˵Ҷִõǿǿ߰λ군ˣ
һ˰ɣһʱĹ򰡣
ڵǰ˶ʵûκεĸо
Ȼ֮ǰȷס˺ܶˣôأ
ڵ˵ʵȻҪһͻȻðϸ֪ǻǲϿɵģ
ʵǴﵽηĲΣĻҲˣ
ߴߴó¿Nɪ
ֳ߳棬Ҳ΢΢㻹ǲİҲûͬ㰡
ո֮λͷˡھóǶĹԼȽϵĺã
׿ų¿ȥã
֪ŭĺ
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֮ЩԼ׸ƵˣΪСӺѪԣ
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΢΢ҡͷ˳ĺڲ֪Ҳ֪ѹҲû˱ڵĺɣ
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΢΢ҡͷǿǿ֣һɽһɽߡû뵽ջô꣬ȻôǳԵĵ
ţֻϧô˵ط
¿üͷһеĽѾǶˣ

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¿Ƿһ˿ĵ⣬Сſºѿڵĸְɣ
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Сطˣô֪Ҷִóأ
ˣֻҪ֣һˣ
¿λҶڵһ¶ɫƺһнǵƿ֮һ㣡
Ҫ֪ȺųˣԾһȣ
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ֻ˸Цⳡһߵıȶһ̣ǵѾǾȵĺϲ£ˣ
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һ̣ԼЩŵĿǰһУ
СӾȻȥˣ
ܣܣ
Լǿ߰ôᱻһ֮ȥأ
µǣһ￴ȥʮֵɣȻվԼԼЦأ
谡
¿һ̸ܵ޾裬ȳЦó¿׵ʧȥǣ
׿ų¿˵һ㶼Ҫ鰡һ־ȻǱɱ
СӣҪװŪģΪܶ˱һνʸ䱾𣿡
¿ʱȥЩĸо
ԼˣһС֮жˣ
ôܹ鷢أ
һĽһεϯ
ֻһΣ¿ҲûκεԴ⣬ҪȫԸ
Ϊ֪ΪʲôСôˣСҲˢӵģ
ѾǸһλˣϧ̫Ϊǣ֪ʲô˰
׿ų¿Ҳ΢΢һ̾

¿ﻹʲô߳
˵Сӽ첻Ƕһ谡
ׇNɪӣ¿оԼ۾Ѫĸо

һɰĽڵļ̨˺ѿһ㣡
׿ݺĽһƵӣֻһӵѾվסˣ
ˣСİҥԼͣЩҿ淢飡
δ䣡
һֱӽ¿Ľɢ
ⲢδκεͣЪֱûλҶڵִ
ݣ
ӹ¿壬һĨѪɫڿл
˲䣬ռ䱻һĨҫ۵ĺɫ֣
ܿɢȥ
һ̣˵Ӷֱˣ
Ϊǿ˲˼һĻΪ϶ռϷ硢ɱķĳȻһ˵
һϢĳ¿ԭ׼ʴʵҶλִõӣһ¶Ұ֮ɫ
ֻǴǵ֮пԿóǳ˾֮⣬һ˿Ĳţ




3197  𺳵
 

Ӯˣ
ڼ˿һĻǴ۵С۵ĿŶԷ
Ϊʲô
ΪǾò˼鰡
˵׵ʵʮֵİ
ڵƺŷӦλʵǺǿ
֮ǰһɱԭܷŵʱǻûô̫⣡
һμնɱ¿ʵ֮ǰܶ¶һˣ
⡭˺Ͱ
ǰҪǻǰܷŵĻ͹Ҷˣ
ȻҾôЩ嶯ˣĺܽ
ǿҶڰѲҪ𣿡
£
ڵһڵҲʼΣһģ
VSҶڣ
Ȼʤˣķʽʤģ˭ܹ뵽أ
Զ
Ŀ׺ģҲŵЩµĿһԵӵϣ⡭˾Ȼ
Ѳɻмٲɣ
Ӵ˿ҲҺʦˣƽƽӻҪ߳һЩ
ټ֮һЩ϶ʦͽ϶ûˣ
˶ڣ̧ͷͷģȻҲʾˡ
һԵҥҲ͵ʦ֣ʵɲⰡ
ʲôҶִõʲôʵҲǾ㵵ʵ
Ŀż˵λ֪¿ǻʵǿߣ
ʲʲôǿߣô˵ҲӦñǿˣ񼤶ʵ
⵹һһǷֲͬĽ׶εġÿһ׶εĲǻǺܴİ
ĿˣҲ¶һ˿Цݵ
Ȱ
ڵĺȻֱܹӱ׵Ĵȣ⼸ڸ׵ĹϵôãȻҪʾˣ
ʵҲǸǽͷһ
ȺӢῪڼʱ¹˭ֻĲһأҲԥأ
϶ǻᴫҶڵĶеģʱҶڵƽҲǲܵ飡
ǺĴһ󵨵뷨Ǿλε᲻ᴴʲô漣أ
δ֪Ĳǿµģ
ľΪԼģǾϸ˴ϲָо
ָоںĿһĸо
ǿǴ֮еľ簡û뵽˾ȻѾﵽȿֲĲΰ
Ҳǲ˼ҡҡͷ
ʵҥǣѾľˣ
ʦôôǿأ
Ҫ֪ȥ̫еʱλʦܻ˰
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ǲ֪ôģ
ˣλϣĳʵͬʱҲӦúúӦҶڵ˰Ҳǵ
ĵĻո£
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˭ĸոǡ˵飬׵ʶôǿأ
׵ĽкҲһˣڣ
֪֮Ҷʣ֮Ӧδð
׿źģҲЦеʵ
ˣЩܷŰһŻɽʱڿ¡
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¿˶ɱʲôǲ
֮ǰƷͷ㡢߸ϵȣɥ֮Ȯһ㣡
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⡭ǹغĴ£˭©Ļɱۣ
Ҳ֪ղŵԼûпǵܵ
˵Ķԣô˸ܱصܣ
ֻЩ˲ɱǱǷŻɽ
һζɱ¾ǽκεģ
׿źģҲǵȻһЦֻʱ˵ĻôŶЩŤ
ĿףҲüʵˣˣƣ
ƣǣЩ˲δвڣҲûðڵϣڵҲǺɱ֮ˣԻǷ˰ɣ
׵˵ֻһ仰ֱڶըˣ
ˣ
λ·֮죬ʵЩ
Ϊöֵʱ֣Ϊöֵʱȴκ˶ݣ
׵Ļ˼һԻı顭




3198  о۷
 

ڣ
ĵ˿ףҲЩ˼⣡
նɱ˳¿֮ѾûκεĻͷ·ˣ
Ҷִ˵նɱ
⼸ǲݵһˣ
˷ŻȥĻǵֱɱʡ°
һʱỹ״뵽ҶڵĶ֮в
лɱ֮лɱ֮
¿Ҷִõ˳ʵЩ
ǸԼλŵ涼ѾǲҪˡ
̰
οѾͬٵǿأ
ȺӢʲôʱʼص
׻ĳҶڵǰ˹ȥǰҲ¶һ˿ŹֵЦʵ
վǰǸ΢΢ʿˮȺӢаʱ伴ɽش԰С
ش԰ʲôط
üʵش԰û˵ء
˿ףҲǹش԰ɽһ羰֮أҶں;Ŷڵɽ֮䡣
ô˵طһû˹ܵĵطˣ׿ʵ
һԵĺĵͷˣǵط˵ɽĽأѰʱ򲢲ŵġ
𣿡һεĿʵ
ģ⡭רŶƵһ˻ǽȥģ
˵ֱ꣬ӽ˳
ȥΪ֮ͨϵõ󷨣Ǳαһؼ
ҶڵȷҲɷѿİ
ˣȻȥɣ֮ڶȻǰش԰ȥһɽĸλܣ
׵˵ҶҲǲݵľ棬Ҳνˣ
ĭҲңǡҵиǡ
һ̵Ĺ򣡣
ǼѾֱʧڵ֮ڣһʱڵӵҲǾʷ׳ʣ
ڵĵһ̣оѾ۷壡
Ʈ
𾪣

ֱڵӵϣ
ΨûеֻȻı飡
Ҫ֪ǿɽһҶִõ˰Ȼǵһ㣡
ǰǸ顣
ʵһΣܶ˶ΪҪҶִõ˸Ĩˣ
ĽȴҲܲѣ
λ˱֮ǰе˶Ե쳣и԰
ˣ໹Ǿ÷Żɽ󻼰
ĿףǼԼĹ۵㣡
ûлȥĻһġ
أ
ӵʱ¶ûˣ
ҶڻȺӢ֮ǰҲ˵أ
ʱʲôȥҶڱƴأ
ΪҶڱ֮Σ׿źģҲЦʵ
ҶڼȻܹΪɽһţ˵
ֲɵ֪ܲԵ˼
ϼȻ֪Ļжкܶˣñǰɣ
׿źģʼմһ˿Ȼ
Щεͷ˹ȻǶۻǱ˿ͨ͸ȷɻ󣬲֪˿ɷΪ󰡣
󣿺ǣųÿ춼Ҳ䡣ʷĹɣûκεİ취ıġܹģǱǽ߾ȫܹ磡
׵־ǳԶһܹģ
׵ĻҲǰĿ࣬׻ǲ˽⣡
һ￴ȥ޺ӣɱӣҲǹ˵ģ
һ̣ĻǱȽϵģ
һϯҲǲסĵͷţܴڷҡֱϾﰡ
ЦһȻڴӼرţڴ󣡡
ʲʲôرţ
ĵ׵ĻǱܵľ׺ˣ
رɽʲôΪѾͶһΪˣ
ڵɽиɻҶҪ˿ڵɽţҲʱ⣡
ǿߣȱĿ¾ʱˣ
Ĳˣֻɽżɣںʱɽţȱڵ֪ͨ
׿һԵĺģҲǵ˵
ԥһ̾һ

Ļ䣬Ҳ˳ˮһĺ
ףڵĵλǿ൱ĸˣ
ͳ˼նɱҶִõʵΪ֮ˣ
ڽ˽ŵıս״̬֮У֮⣬һҲٴһ㣡
˿̵Ǹҥǰ׵ۡ
ļλ˭û뵽ոջ³ΪҥӵףѾΪڵ
ִ磬ҡһ֮롭
׵˸ո̤ҥĸۡһﶼûȵʱ
СѾǼҴҵĳ׵ķ˹ȥ




3199  ε
 

ΣСӸҿʲô˵ɣʲô¡
׿źΣҲЦеʵ
˵ʵ
ʶĵһˣԼʱҲǺκһ˾Լ
ǺԼαڵץȥ׳ĻӦûںؼҴأ
ԣô׶ںεǱȽϵ̵ġ
Щ˼Ŀ׵ִ磬֪ںæɡȥ
ȥ
ҲסˣȻˣ뿪ؼҴ嵽Ѿܾˣ
ִ磬Լȥˣһӿ϶ڹģ
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˵ʵ
Ҷڵʵ̫ǿˣ֮ǰѾ֪˶ٱ۵
ϣʱϽȥһ£Լ¼˶֪أ
ǺֺԼҪӱȥҲǼΪУ
źεĻ׹һֵСɶأʲôڹⲻڿҪô
ִҲ˼ҵ˼ǡ
ҲЩΪѣϾЩȻ˵ûʲô˼ˣ
ڸɽһŲʲôý
ѹģʲôý¶У
鵱˵ľһˣ
ӿźЦŵʦܣôڹϻȥĪǺʦܵļʵǿᣬڶɹѹأ
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ҲһƵ˵˵ǺؼҴʵһС͵ļѣ
Сͼ壬ɽ֪ж٣
ΣȻҪȥĻҾ͸һȥɣҲþûмͺС˫˰
׵˼ƺҲǸֵ֮ǰո۵һĻ
ǸʱһصŮһ۽֮У
һɲǵӡ󣬿ⱲҲǺǵģ
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εãҲȻĶ
ֻҲûʲô˼ȥʲôģȴҲûǸʱ䣡
Ů鳤
ڵǻûʸģ
ԣ
Ǹʱͺ˫ѾǱ˾룬˫ƺҲЩ档
˵˼ұϾǸŮӣôܹһŮ˵أ
ִ磬ļٵİ
һҪȥҲЩʵ
˵֮ǰҪȥĻûļ
ɽǲͬգ
ڵִ磬ǿڵ
Լʵʵһλȥٹ˰ɣ
һץߵĿ󹤣ʱҡһڵ
һ뵽ؼЩ֪ԺӣҲǺٺٺٵЦ
ӦǷǳ˼һɣ
Σִʲôʱƭ㰡塢ж˷ȥôҲú塢ɶί˲ǣ˫Ļǽӵòˡ
ʵҲԼĴ㣬Ȼ˫ûʲôԣ
ûвԺûаɣ
οȻദһʱ䣬һ㴰ֽʼûбͱƲ
׽˫ŪԼߣԼҲտһ㲻ǣ
ţִҪȥĻ֮ðμ˵
׶һԵõλҸʱ뿪һǰؼҴ壬ǼŰɡ
ţǸ֡ԣˣôܹأ
ҥЩˣŵȷûʲô˼
ο׳ˣԼҲ֪Լַӿܾͱȡˣ
ȻǼ˿ȥǳϰʲôģλȨصģ
һλȨأ˿ֻһ˵ӣ
ȺӢᣡ
ȺӢ棬ԺǼڿ˵ûκε׶֮أ
ȺӢʮΣգҲ֪ˣڷȰλ
׻Щĵ˵ȻҲ⼸ȥ
ʱ⼸˳׸źã
ӵȴΪҪ׹׷ǳľᣡ
ˣҵ빲ͬ˲ǰ
ҲǲŲæ˵ʵҲ֪зǳ򵥵ĵ
ǵ˼ҶˣȻҲҪȥɽش԰ȥμȺӢᣬȻҲ棬ϣλһ£ɲҪֱڲˡ
׿żˣıʮֵ࣡
˷ģҵȶ鷳ҲǴͷ
״˿Ҳֻ΢΢һ̾εϣ˰ɣȥؼҴһ˰ɡ




3200  ؼҴ鷳
 

ؼҴ壡
ʵؼҴڻĲʮֵԶ
ڵĶؼҴǱߣʵǱ߳˺ؼҴ֮⣬вٵСͼۼڴˣ
Щ˻϶֮ˣǱʵǺܸߣ
˿˵ǳڵĽū۵ˣ
ԣ
ÿʲôʲôĻǸʱǾͻĵЩȥץˣ
׺ͺξǱץģֻڵҲ߯һ㣡
ץһ׹ڶ˼ҵ֮ˣ
ǺؼҴ壿ҡһǵһأ
ŲԶһƷģĶȻдźؼ֣
һЦŵʦ֪νĺؼҴʵǺؼңֻǺϰˡ
֪֮ǰ˵ڵΧźܶھסǰɣΣ
ҥźΣҲЦеʵ
ʼʦ㣬ֻ֪һƬвھסġ˵ҡܼҡǮҵȵȡ
ǻȽȥɣ׿źҲ¶һ˿Цݵ
Ҳǵͷִ˵ûһǱץȥһǳĵĵģҲҲǸǰ˰
ˣҪȻ⸽ҸطԳԷ죬λȻȥɣҪȻĻ
ӵⷽ滹ǶһЩģ
Ǽ˶ȥĻʱ˼صζֲˡ
οںؼҵ˵׸ദʱ仹ͦģǼһαظأ
ҲãԵһᣬŰĹӦ㹻ˣ
׿ӵˣҲǵͷ
˷ֵ׺ͺҲǳźؼҴ˹ȥ
Ϥĵ·Ϥĵط
磬׾ͱθȵ˺ؼҴ壬˵һһľ൱Ϥ
ؼҴ룡
һȺ˾ۼ˺ؼҴĸǰЩϤıӰҲЦ
ֻǵ׸γǱȥʱȺ֮ҲǱŷһҵ֮
̫˰ɣȻǺؼҴ幱ǧƷʯǵȥôʯ
ǰǧƷʯǵǺؼҴʮʯ
ڤڵ˱֮ڵĸڰ
ʲô취أطȻڹϽڤڻҲһˣ
ؼҴһһģȥȻߣû˸ĳͷ
Щ˿ŲԶ׵λߣҲŭ
λ߲ǱˣǺؼҴĺүӣ
үںؼҴʮֵĸߣȻҲʶġ
һؼҴиʲô飬϶ɺүֵģ
ϣۿɵ취ǧƷʯҲ̫˰ɣ
˵֮кؿںؼҴҲЩλ
үӿźؿҲεҡҡͷؿڤ˲ڣ߸Ǻ޹˼ɰںڤһֱͣҹڤڵĿ겢ǣڡ
ҲӰϣڤڵ˴˿̾ǮҴذǮҴ˿ǴˣǺؼҴʮŮڤڵã⡭Ҳ̫ˣ
ؿΪʲôôʵΪǼһ߸Ů
֪ؿ߸Ůһò绨һĴڣ
ĺؿΪ˶ţȻ䷢ǽΣ
㡭˭˵ģ
үҲصһӣɫ˼㣡
ǮҴһֱڤڹϵǳ͡ǼһģӦ֪ҴŮǼ޸ǮҵİҪȻ֪
ؿŭһȻŮ޸Ǯҵˣ
Ůֹаڤڵ˳ͷĻǽùĿɾԼŮˣ
˸Ӱ̾Ȼ֪ǿ˭Ͻܰ
үĺӶģȥЩ޴ĸо
ܣܵ˺ܲΪ֮ƣҿΨһİ취Ѱڵİ˰
ؿźүӣҲ֮ɫ
ڣΪڻΪһССĺؼҴ壬ڤƴһôֻҪڵĸ棬ѹͲΪǳͷģ
үƺһУҲεҡҡͷ
ɡÿǸڽİôҲóæɣ
ؿֱðоϣһԶȥ
үǼС˫û°ɣ
ںؿ˵֮ʣһϤ׺ͺεĶ֮У
ǵӰҲۿ֮ˮ
ΪǸ˲ǱˣǺεĸ׺£
С˫С˫ǺؼҴΧ˵Ů˵أ
ؿһϯúһ̱˵ϣҲ׺ͺγ׵סˣ

ͬʱκͺ˫˳
̧ͷһǴӶԷ֮пϲ֮飬ɺܿһĨϲ֮ͱǰʵûӰˣ




3201  ˫
 

ؼҴ壡
µɫҰޱȣһŮ˫Ҳɫ쳣ѿ
˭˸ˣǸŪǵ鶼õģ
ֻ黹ûеһԺ˫ȻܣҪչԼĸײǣ
СΡС֡
֮ˣΪ֮ǰԼĶѾǱץץȥˣ
ԼŮڤ̣Ļô¿νʧʧŮˣ
ܴ
ؿ˵һ̣оһ㣡
ֻǺ¸ո̱ȥ֮ȴԼĶӺö˶˵վԼĸǰ
һӣ·ҵʲôĹһ㣡
ԭû壬ƺҲǻѪ˺ܶࡣ
壬û°ɣ
׿ź£ҲЦ
һԵĺүӿ׵Сְû°ɣ⡭ڲǰץȥ𣿡
ûˣүӣ
׿źүӣҲԵΪأ
ؼҴ壬ȻʵǳСȴڣ
ΪЩ֮ǿĻߵҲνǷǳңˣ
ִ磬㡭˾ͺˣ
˫˿̿ףҲЩĵͷü֮ǳȴѾǻɢȥˣ
ڤǰ˵ĺΪ˫һԵô
׵һĨϲãƺ嵭֮ǰ顣
С˫ô°
׻δڣѾ̧ͷ˿˫
һԵĺؿźεСΣǺؼҴһֱ˵̰û뵽һǮҴ˻ˮǺؼҴһεĵùˣ
ʵӵ飬ү
ڸģйĵֻԼã
õ飿ǸҲûðؿ̾һ
һ˶һү
׿źؿҲЦŵ
С˵ûڻڤڣǿɶǲĴڰҲ̸ǧƷʯǸ𣬾˵ڤڵʵǶĵúܣ޶
ؿ˵ԵЩ״εĸо˼ˣ
ʵղѾ߰˰ˣֻȷһ¶ѣ
ˣ鿡үķڶˡԺױ֤û˸ںؼҴҰ
׿һۺؿȻٿ˿һԵĺүӵˣҲЦŵ
˵Сְ⼸ûһĴ󰡣
ؿףҲû˵
˵ʵ
ʵؼҴ˶׵ӡǷǳĲģΪһһǱȽϵĻ˵֣
ںؼҴʱ䣬ǫѷʣúܶ˵ϲ
˵Ļ˭Ϊǫѷأ
ؼҴͲ۸ˣ
ⲻǳô
һôţĻôᱻץȥأ
ؿҲǳԼֻǾѹҲʲôʵ顣
Сְҳԣ˵
үӿףҲǳѵ
Ҫ֪үӵһǵ͵͵ٵ͵
ҲΪʲô֮ǰϲ׵ԭ򣬿׳ȥ¾Ǳһһ㣡
ִ
ԭҪ׵ݣΪǿ׶ôţģ
ȴڰֹ˺ΣȻүӣ˭Ҫʯģȥ
С֣Ҫʲô
үЩüĿף֪׵Ҫʲô
һԵĺ˫ҲЩǵĿ׵ִ磬Щ˿ŵˣܹģ
С˫ִһˣ۸˭۸ǼС˫ǾǸ׹ȥ
׵Ļú˫ɫͨ죬һĨ糺˿Щ棡
׵Ļ˫оĨһ
һ뵽ΪҪȥʱԭһ˿Ѿʧˣ
˫׵ִ磬ûйϵⶼǺ˫
СְСܻͺãǺؼҴѾǱ˶ˣ㡭ǼǸϽ߰ɣߵԽԶԽá
¿׺ͺΡ˫ˣҲЩ˵˵
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һε˵ȻɫɷƵ֮еһĨɱȴѾͷ˿
Ϥ׵ˣ¾֪ŭˣ
С֣̫嶯ˣһȰ˻жԶ߶Զɣ
үӿסεˣҲ΢΢һ̾
ʲôڤѲҶţ治ɣ
ҲŭһȷӵŲСĵ
˵ʲôأϽߣ
źεĻҲһֱ˺εĺף
ؼҴ廹ǺְȻǶһ飬Ҳʡȥ֪ͨˡ
ںؼҴǱΪȥڼҵı۵ʱǵˣ
Ϊ׵ǸŵıǴڤڱ־ķΣ




3202  ڤڵĻ
 

ؼҴ壡
һ̶ǻͷȥ
˳ķ򣬺үӿһϤˣ̣
̱Ǯһ𣡣
ǮҴ峤֮үҪһ֣
ؿһˣ
ǮҴͺؼҴ֮ǰΪ̶ٵìܣ
һֱôԷ
Ȼˣȴû̫֡
ؼҺǮмһʱ仹ͱؿĴŮͼ޸Ǯҵˣ
ؿǮһ׼أ
ֻǰ˭ֻİ˭ʲô׼أ
үӣϽڤڵ񣿡
ǮһվΪ֮˵࣬ҲָʹĿźүӵ˳
Ǯһ𣬷ϻôʲô֮ǰ˵ؼҴвٵŮǰɣ
Ϊ׵ڵҲǺٺһЦʵ
ǮһȥʮֵΣʵⲻ˽˵ġ
û뵽ڤڵô˵Ȼֱӵ˵ˣ
ǮһҲεһЦ⡭ǮĳҲʵʵ˵ؼҴȷһŮѰ
ȷƺǮҴҪòٰףŮƺЩڲͬ
ڤΪ׵Ǹһ۾Ϳ˺˫
̧ԼȻָ׺ͺĺ˫
˫ǵҲĶ㿪ˡ
Ҫ֪˫ԭһʮӣʱվȺ֮иԵЩȺһ㣡
ǡǹǺؼҴΪŮ˫һҪ˵ĸŮ¾Ҫ˫أ
Ǯһ·ֻǸڤڵһЩ飬ڤڵ˵ҪôɣǱϿû̫Ĺϵ
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ԭһֻڤڲģһȥҲûʲô˿ʼˣ
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˫Ҳ׵ִ֡磬İɣҲģ
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ź˫ȥЩȲӣƵĶҲǳ׵ŭˣ
ڤڵˣ׿񲻴һ˿ɫʡ
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ףЦʮֵĿš
һ仰вԱУ仰ӦҲ˵ɣ׿
ִ磬ɱɱɱ
Ҳǳ׵ŭˣ˵ʵһȽϵ
ܹ˵Ļ˵ļһѾǹֵһĳ̶ˣ
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׵ˣҲЦһ֮ɱƵ֣
ھò֪ߵغ㣬Ҳ죬ҲͲƽˣҽһ£ף
׵ĻӶɳˣ=




3203  ϲ
 


ؼҴĴڳһ޼ɵЦ
ЦǴӺؼҴ˴ģǰ۸ؼҴǰڤڵ˻ǮҴ˷ģ
ľǰСӻǸﰡ
ţȻԼĸǰˣ
Լһ֮ǰܷźĻԼпܱһסˣ
˼ĺúõģѾ˵
ЦʮֵĿţһ ؼҴ˿ҲĿɿڴ
ţʵؼҴôʵأ
ڣ
˵ģǺؼҴ廹ǮҴҴ֮ĵط
ЩŸΪʲô
ΪʵܹԼĵܹ
Ȼ˵ʲôһ˵õȮĻɣһЩţԼļԺ˺ܶ۸ıҪ
ЩӼ֮߳ȥˣܹЩŻķǳĺõĻ
ôҪϲڵļˣϾ׻˵úãɮ濴
ҪôýĻǾûôһ˵ˣ
ΪʮֵѽԲԵ
С˭
һԵǮһҲǲмʵ
СʶںؼҴаʱˣ˵ǺؼҴһ˵ġ˵Сӱڵ˸ץȥ˺񡭡
ǮһȻԺؼҴҲָƣ
ʵ⸽һЩС壬˴֮䶼ǻĹעġ
󹤣ڸ˵ʲôš
ĿһףȻЦеĿǮһʵ
˵
ǮһҲǺϵ˵һЦȥҲǼӣ
ǮһϲģִھڵЦƨԺ޵ʱ򡭡
ҲЩߵ˵Ȼڲ֪£ҲǮһһӵģ
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˫һ׵ĻҲ¶ʮֵĵǣ
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ϣܹ뿪ߡ
ߣΪʲôҪߣ˫£ִûµġߵӦһŭһ
۸˫ǱĽ࣡ھҪߣҲߣ
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˵һװĵͦģ
˿ЩĴָ˵СƭӦòһ˰ɣ˵ѧĻ񰡣

Գ֮ʣһɻӲԶ˳
ҥ˴ʱҲߵߣԭǴǱġ
Ǻ˾Ҳĵĺܣټǿڤڷε˳źؼҴķ˹ȥ
ҲǸ˳źؼҴķ˹ȥ
ҥôҲû뵽ڤڴͷ֮ˣȻڤڵһ
ɲڤڳˣ
ҲǳĲҪҪ֣
Ҫŵ˼ŵҲԼŮʲôĸ
ҥӣǡ
תͷôҲû뵽һȻܹڵĺĵӣ
ڡڤڣ
֮һֱҶģΪŵĺĵӣôܲʶأ
οħǸ˾֪ģ
ؼҴڹϽ֮أǲ̫ˣ
ҥҲһ
λ񣬻ҺؼҴˮ֮а
үһڵˣҲǼæ׼µ
ҥһվںүӵԱߣǼҲŵøϽһѷס˺үӵϣʹð
˵ǼǲвΪһССĺؼҴ壬ǲҪְɣ
ҥ˷ľٶҲǲмü
ֲ֣˵˲㣡㻹รɡ
ҥҲ¶һ˿һЦݣ
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ЦŻǯ}Ļţ
Ϊʲô
ΪѹҲ֪ҥ˵ʲô˼ҥϾڵĺĵӣ
˵ԲԵ޹ʵİɣ
ҥװŪĸʲôʲô˵˲㣿㵽ʲô˼
ҲЩˣҥȻûжֵĴ㣡
ǵȽģ˿Ҳһ̹
˵һ۲ʶ̩ɽȻʳ⣬滳ǲ⣿Ȼ˵ˣ
ӿû˵
ֻӴ˻һǺؼҴˣһţ




3204  ִԲ
 

ؼҴ壡
ӵһúؼҴҲĿɿڴ
һԵӣЩµʵ⡭ⲻܰɣ
ʲôܵģѾ̳֮λƺڵûκεĹϵɣ
ӿʮֵĲһ
ʵ˿ģҲԼűڤһֱԼţơ
ʵ˿Ҳһѣ
ȥڤڵĹ⻷Ļһ˺ˣ
ߣӣ㲻װŪġһǰҲżܷڸ˵ڵĪǺҲɣ
ӣԥһ
˵ˣ
Ӧò̫ܣҲ̫һЩɣ
ܷž޿óԼ֮λģһֿԣǱӲĶ֮λ
ƨڵĵ̵ңȻߴʴʣ˵ģԹͶȻ˷Ļ㻹һĻɱҵû㡭
ӿҲŭһ
һﻹĽԼһ̲˰Ȼֲƣ
ȻһֱûôڣѾǿԸܵóŨҵɱģ
Ӱӣڤڲǲ֮䣬ڱ֮ڤڻҪѷһ㻹۾˵Ϲڤڵ˻㣿Ҿվ⣬бڵ˾ʹӱʬȥ
Ҳǳ׵ŭˣ
Ϊ񽫾ǿߣҲԼһ˿
Ȼǰ˻֪ǲڵɲôҲܹԼڤڵӰɣ
ڵܹնɱԼ
ڤڵ˲Ҫ˰ɣ
ִ֡磬⡭⵽ô°
˫˿ҲǵԼĴӣһãȻĿס
ִ磿
ⲻǿЦ
˫ЦЩ̫ˣ
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Ծ˼ά
һĻǺ˫ؼҴˣҲһãȻ˼άʵ̫Ծ˰
׿˿һԵĺ˫ЦŵС˫һִҰһˣȻɣ
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ҥźүӰŰɵӣһԵϣԷ飬Ͼͷſİɣڤڵ⼸˷ַӾͿʰˡ
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ôˣ˭ܹ뵽һأ
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СӣŶ֮֡ǰǺؼҴʱҾ͸оƽ
ؿ˿̿ףҲһƨһƨˣ
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̸߲ǸȥЩص֮ĻѾӵλĵˣ
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㡭ʲô
˵ʱֱһѾˤ˵ϣ
ֻȻҪʱ䣬ɵȴȴױȭͷ




3205  ɱ
 

䣡
׵ɵˣ
Ϊȴױ̹ǵȭͷ׵ĳпûôᣡ
沿Ť
оһɼΪǿʶֱԹԼ壡
ֲѵʱ׵ȭͷѾԼ
ûκε
׵ȭͷƫеֱϣѪֱ
ﵽ
ûѡֱ÷ɽնɱΪľһļһּµĥ
һ·ɽ粫ɱ˵һͬĵˣǿ㲻ϵģ
Դʲôʲôİ취ģ
ЩڤڵĵӴ˿̿֨
Ҫ֪ǸҲͼһӶѣ
Ҫ˵ʲôʵĻ˼¶Ȳһ
˲һȺӶѣ
һȭȭȭ
ȭȭ⣬ÿһоǵطһͷѵ
ʹʵʵʹʵϱ֮羢ֹҪܣ
𡭡ˣˡ
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˫һĵĹײסԼȭͷȫ
ҲЩоⲻȥˣ
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ᣡ
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ݣ
׻ʱֱ֮˦һɫذף
ֻذ׸ոշɳ㱻ֱһźɳȥ˶ϣ

˫û뵽һģһ߾ȻҪնɱԼִ磡
ҲһӲ֪˵ʲôˣ
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ɢ
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㡭ô֪ģ
ԭΪԼϢǹͨˣ
֮ǰڤ˵ģҿ˸ԼӣӦǺصһ£
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ڲ֪ұؼҴ֮ǰոնɱҶڵִ¿
׷ƵЦĸǰȥħһ㣡
նɱҶִ
ĳǷˣ˭ôأ
ҶܹΪɽһţһ˿Ƶġ
㡭ôܣƾ㣿ŵĿףֻȴڸķϻڸ˵䣬Ҳϣ㲻ҪĲף±Ͷ̥ʱ򣬼ǵö೤۾
ҡҴˣңһһʹǰǡ
ʱȻоߣ֪ڲ˵Ļûлˣ
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¡
׳׼ݣգ֮Ǵδ˵֮һ
ؼҴһˣǰ˾Ǽȼֿܣ
ֻǺؼҴ˼ˣһȴѾǶһԴ򺮲ˣ
Ǯһ
ǮҴ峤һĶˣ
ؼҴ壬Ϊʲôƫƫʱ˵ıʣ
Ǯһһмƻȱû뵽ķת




3206  㵵Ǯһ
 

ؼҴ壡
Χһ˵Ȼδع
ؼҴ壬ССĴ䣬ʲôʱĴ¶
ɾڽ죬ǺؼҴƺҲǾһ޴ı䶯
һеʼٸߣף
һҾȻˣû뵽һԺѾ˾޴ĳϢˣ

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ڣһƺ˳һ㣡
Ǯһ𣡣
үӴʱԼеĹȣĹֱӴڵϣһ
ͨ
Ǯһ𱻺ү͵һŵҲǸϽ˵ϣ
ʱǮһҲб߲ѣԭҪڤ֣֮ؼҴ塣
ȻǮҴĵ̲ܹһֹ
λһЩС壬ѲɾûҰ
ʵ˶һֻҪ˵ĵطжֻҪĵطͲƽ
ǮҴôʵҲ޿ɺǵģ
Ϊ˼棬Ǯһô
ֻڴǣ׶ѣ
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ǮһźүӺͺؿˣҲЩεҡҡͷ
ΣǮһǮһһҲ׼Ұɣû뵽Ȼ֮£ʵ˲ݰ
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Ǯһε˵׼ҹĸûйϵɫǳģǺؼҴ˾һ𣿡
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ǮһǱ߽Ʊ磬׵ĿǮһסԼĿˮ
Ȼô˵ˣǮĳҲʵʵ˵ˡǮĳһʼûлˮ뷨ֻˣҲ˳ˮ۵˵һ䡣һƬô˭ҪԼļӵǿһЩ
ǮһףӸղһֱڣ֪ܲ鵽Σ
˫
һе֢ں˫ϣΪо˫ƺЩΪ۵˼
㵹ʵϵĺܣ̴ҲǺܾ
׿ǮһҲЦЦĿ׵
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Ȼ֮䣡
ɫһǮһǰɣȻҲһ㽫˫أƾһ㣬Ѿˣ
ǮĳҲڱʲôˣǮһ
ͦиԵģ˵һẒ̌
ЩпգǮһҲǶͷԣ

Ǯһףƺڵȴ׵Ľһѯ
СӣһһֱƣֻϧͷԼȥˣҲǹһЦ
ҲǸ˲š֪ϲϸűڸɰ
׿ǮһҲǻһתʵ
ʲʲôǿЦɣҡҸɣ
ǮһҲˣԼʲô°Ȼεˣ
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3207  ˵󻰡
 

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ҶǲԶǰش԰
Ȼ˵ĻȽҶǹ򷢴ʱˣ
ӻ֣˱㳯Ҷǵķ˹ȥ




3208  Ҷ
 

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ʵҶǲʲôرĵطֻıҶڣ
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3209  𱬵
 


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3211  ԩͷ
 

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3212  ֺ
 

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˿˵ķҲǱòʸˣ




3213  Ů
 

з
û뵽Լ÷罣ڵȻһСС֮˸Ʋˣ
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СЩˣϽѷʰˣСҪϢˣ
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¾ãѦЦ˾ȻųˣڵСӶȻܸ˵Щʲôˡ
û뵽¸ҪNɪʱ׵ĻѾѿڶˣ




3214  VS׿ı
 


ѦЦߵߵ׼¥ȥﻹʲôװ
ڵˣǷˣʱӦǹԹԱˣ
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׵Ҳǳת׵λӣѦĳΪʱ㻹ǲҪ˵Ϊã
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ֹӣȻٸ˵ɡ
ѦЦҲ֪Ӧô˵ˣҲЩ۵

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׸׼ͷ֮ʣһֱӴĶУ
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׿һѦЦĳǳӲǴ˲ǸĻǴĳʬ̤ȥʵĳҲ֪⼸λԺǿţΣӺɷνΪһζ裬ҵʲô壿
⡭
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ûҵ˭Ҳ׼֣
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ѦЦҲһֻҪ׿ıλźˣҲˣ




3215  ׿
 

׿ı
ȥʮŮӣȻ֪ǸʲôģҲ֪Ů˵ͷС
Ҳʲôϲ絽ɽٵ磬һֱˣ
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۴棬Ҳûж˸ҸᲢۣ
Ȼĸֱ֮ɽҪһΣ
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׶ǰ׿ıûʲô̫ĸоǶԱߵӲôð
Ѧƹ񣬽쿴峤Ͼˣ
׿ıĿף˭Ҳ֪浽Щʲô
ʵǿǲԸ⶯֣⵽Ǹʲô
һǣǸڵļһﻹ첻µز£ĵԺη
Դԣ
ڿֵҲ֪⵽ô˼ˣ
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˿ԤǣֻҪ׿ıһ£ǰ˱֤գ֮ͻҷ𣡣
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ˣ
һӷһ̣׺·ΪɽĴһ㣡
ȺŭλŵˣǷǳˬ
С㣬˵̫ڣС㷢ʩҵȶȻնɱڴˣ
һǽԼ˵ˡ
Ҳ뵽֮ǰ׿ıпֵ̫Ľɫ
̫ڣ
ƺû˵ȥӦҲһСŰ
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Ʒʯ˵и£ڿ˵ƶĴ
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ƷʯҶȴţҲԹöˣ
е˼ˡ
׿ı΢΢һ㶣ԭΪ֮һлѹһ
Լ㿪۸ʮƷʯ˿¶Ҫɵۣ
ֵСӻûɵۣԼסˣ
ƷʯȻʲô֣ɱɽĳŵСӺ׿ıҲЩСС𾪣
˿̣
ףԭ֮Ҳǽ




3216 ɱҧ
 

ڣ
˵Ŀⶼۼ׵ϣ
̫ڣ
ʵɽ˵ĺ٣Ϊʲô
ΪŲɽڶʤݣ
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֪ǻľ֪ɣ
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ССطǲԻС㣡
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׿ˣ
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ڳ֮ڿ׿ıѾû֮ǰµĿ⣡
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׵üͷҲ֪ΪʲôССɽȻôĸǰ
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ס꣬ѲҾͲסˣһˣҾͿֺŵķˣѵ˵
Ҫֺŷ䣿ǾҪûˣ
׿ıõĿŶĻѣȻ˲ʲô³
Ȼ˶Ҫ˵ЩʲôƺĬû˵ڣ
֪Ե޹ʵĳɽԲʲôɺϣ
˵׿ıĳżȻĻôѵ˳ߣǾԲɺˣ
׿ı̫ʵȷǱǿһЩ۲Ļڿ˦̫һ֣
ѵĿ׿ıҲ˵
Կ
׿ı֮Ĩһ˿ĵ֮ɫƺԸ䡣
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׿ı۾գһµĿŻѣҲǳ
ԭ׸׿ıľۣȴһ׿ı
⵹ЩҪЦĸо
ֻѵ椣һô˵ԼΪĲˬ
ΪôƷʯܹŵңҿɲǸ
һףĳ֮Ա
ƺǹ˵İɣ
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Ȼ׿ıҪףʱ׸о׿ı֮ǻҪ̫ˣ
׿ıװʲôʥŮǧƷʯһ
ƺ׿ıɱ֮һ㣬мҲǷǳķ񣡣
׿ıüͷ壡
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ڵֻĨӶѣʵղŸ׽мۣһǧƷʯѾǼˣ
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ǧƷʯһ
׿ıɫΪѿһ˿ߺ֮ɫ֮ʣ
һ֮һĶС




3217  ˭ң
 

˻
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£оԼļֵ۶Ҫ߸ˣ
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׿ı֪ôΪʲô
Ϊ
׿ıо̫ܣΪײʶղ˻Ƕأ
㲻ǣһںһܽΪѣ
һʱ䣬׿ıȻЩˣ
ʱˣƺоһ˿ͬ
̫ڵĺĵӣȻɽһСŵ˵ĸоԼоһĲ˼飡
Ӵǣ뵱Ӣ۰˵׿ıǺ㡣ﶼЩɵȱΧת
ѵĿЩŤ֮б޾ɱ
˿ûκεأ
׿ıЦһֹԭǸҾֺŷģֹӸ㾺Ҳ֮еġ
ɵȱǶ𣿺ߣҵҪɵȱ⵽жٵʯǧƷʯһ
ŭһʵóҲЩˣ
ǧƷʯΪɽסһҲ̫˰ɣ
ɽȺ֮ûа취ģ

ʵ׼ˣɽȺΪĵײ㣬ǸоԾһҲ֣
ͺñӵһƷʯˣһһƷʯĶɣ
һֻһǧƷʯˣҪһƷʯĶǼˣ
ڵڣ϶Ǯģ
һ㣬ǴӻȲҪĻǮʽͿԿóˣ
ֻЩ˸Ӳգ۵ף
ʯǸΪɣ˵ˣҲȱʯ˲ǣ
ֻҪʵ׬ʯզΣ
ԣں
ټеʯҲǳǳĶ࣬ǧƷʯں
ǧƷʯ׵˵
ǧƷʯ
ðڵɱһʾˣ
ǧƷʯȷ̫ˣ
ǧƷʯƺû˿õ˼Щҧгݵ˵ߣǧƷʯ
ֺţˣ
ΪһﻹҪӼ۵ʱͻȻ֮ôһЩ֪룡
һԿֵ׿ıҲһûзӦ
ȵӦʱҲǿЦǧƷʯסһڻ治һԩͷѦƹһҪϲ׬һඡ
⡭⡭׿Цˡ
ѦЦЦȻҲǺ̫ڻڣ
ĲԸЩǿ
ǧƷʯȻãԺΪڻ߻ѵһЦ
Ժ𻹲ϣ
Ѵ˿ҲǷӦ˹ɴ۾׵ˣң
ҪôΪҲûа취
׵һ޹ҡҡͷǧƷʯסһҲó
Ѵ˿ȻӮˣ
̫ˣоԼӮˣǱˣˣ
ָо͸һȭ޻ϵĸо
СһУûκεʧϷˣԼһôʯ˸оˣ
ò˵Сʵ̫Ƿˣ
Ѵʱ¶ɱ˰Ŀ⣬ҲͲˣ
һӣͲǵ涯ɱˣСֻҪ̤һǱ֮أ
ŭĶףϣСӵϿһ˿µģ
һƺʧˣСӾǲһ㣡
ȥϢѶΧļʹһɫȻݺݵһ׿ıףȥ
ֺŰȫҪˣѦƹûɣ׿ıѦЦҲʵ
ûû⡭ѦЦ̵һҲҵﰡ
׿ıͷȻ׵ֺŵİסһỹֹӵҷһΣ
׿ıȥıӰҲһĽĿף
ĻȺ£
ܶ˶׸޸ܰ




3218  ׿ıĿ
 

ڣ
±ͻ׿ıͻǿ۷
ڻҰֺŵķ׹ȥ
룬ѦЦӦˣ
Ѧƹ⡭˵ʲô˰
գգ۾ʱȥһ޹һ㣡
ѦЦ³һǷȰһ䣬ǲ罣ڱ𣬻ԶǷ֮ذɣ
𡭡ڣ
¾ֵĿѦЦҲǵɴ۾ʵ
ѦЦڣ¶Ҫ˼Զ֣Щ㻹ǲҪĺã
࡭лѦƹǡǸڵСӡ
´ʱ׿ıͻûκε뷨ˣܾԼ׻ǿԸһµģ

ѦЦЩмĿµֹӿҲܵģϽ߰ɣ
桭ǣ
µΪĸӣԭΪԼǣ
ǵ˭ˡ
ǸֵļһﻹǺţƣȻЩǿĸǰ˿
˵ԭ¾һװĻڵҪúõһˣ
ټϸղѦЦһڼҴҵĸϻȥҪԼĸ״һУ
ڣȺӢŻһҲ˵أ
ҪȻһССľŶţô˵Ĳأ
罣Ŷ
һڵˣôǰ˵ķأ
Σ
¸оǳΣѹҲ֪ô£
ֻлȥˣ
Ҫȥûʶ̫ڻʲôڰ
ȥˣ״һҲǽֺŵİ䣡
׵ʶһɨ֪ǸѵŮһ棡
ŮĵҪԼȥˣ
׵Ҳûʲô̫ɽҲĶˣ
ôأ
ȥ׿ıЩ˵ʲôͷ
ֺŰڣ
׺׿ıֱס˶ŵ׼֮У
׿ıĴƺǳģ·ʱӭ׽һ㣡
ֻǴ飬˱׿ıķ֮У
ԭ׿ıˣ˿̿ȥ׵̬ҲǺһЩ
ǿҲû֮ǰһҪҪɱˣ
Ȼ˻ǱǷǶǮһ㣡
ֹӣ
׿ı׵̬ƺҲҪ˺ܶ࣬ϾҲǰˣ
׿׿ıЦŵ׿ӦǵһɽɣȻˣǽķǮĳͰɡϾĳ˵Ҳǵˡ
ֹӼȻô˵ıڴ˶лֹˣ
׿ıҾһ¶һ˿Цݣ
һ˿Цݣ˸оǶһůһ㣬ޱȣ
װڰֵֺŵļ۸⼸Ǿţһë
ֹӻ˵Ļǲأ
׿ıҲЦʱ˵Ļȷǿ֮Ĺģ
׿׿ıɽСط׿ʵҲĺܡȻ׿룬ĳҲͲҴˣ֪׿ԺηɽΪ£
ʵĲҪʣ
ԭЩɳڵλӣһε
׿ıֹ˵ǲҪ廰ˣ
С㣬
ЩˣӦҲǵ׿ıδ
׿ı˵ʲô˵ʲô˵ȻģοֹΪҵ뻨㣬Ҳÿһɣ
ǣС㣡
˱׿ı˵࣬ҲԴվ˺棡
ֹӣ˼׿ıЦһ
޷ĳǸ⣬̫ںǸʲôڵʲôطģǼȻʵôǿᣬɽָʲô
׿׿ı˵ͱˣ
׿ı̾һ̫ںڶǶţֹ˵ɣ
򣿣ʤʲôϵüƺûô˵
ʤݣӦǶһСɰɣǶʤݺɽһ㣡
׿ıĽͣһӱˣ
νĶӦǱ֮ʤݸ߲εһڣ
׿˷ǰɽΪأ׿׿ıҲЦʵʵڲ˵͵ĳûʣ
ֹӲҶ֮ˣʵ֪Ҳ޷ģ
׿ıףҲν˵
Ŷĳϴˣ׿׿ıҲ£
ʵҵȴ˷ǰɽҲΪһҩģ߹
׿ı˵߹⼸ֵʱƺ׵ķſԼ
ԱɽһСطѣټĶȻû׿ҪĶôƵʵ
Ѳ߹ɽزɣҲû˵
׿ıԭҵȲǰɽֻڶʤݵʱ˵ɽֹçԲڵǰˣѵĿҲΪ˵õ߹ֻΪʦֻ֣Ϊʦѣ




3219  ߹
 


üʵʵѹҲ֪Ǹʲô
׿ı߹֮ʵϾΪͬʱӵбԣҪǷǳϿģ˵ɽĳֻ֮һҲֻǴŶѣ
бб߹ô
׿׿ıҲǲʵ
ôܣһ߹ĵرӵػģбĵطһб߹б߹ĵطȴһб
׿ıףҲǵ
׿ղ˵Ѱ߹ΪԼʦ⵽ô°
ʶˣҲͲ˼ʲôˣ
Ȼ׿ıԵλɫ쳣ѿΪ׿ıĵλܸߣҲֻܹˣ
߹һζ󲹵ҩĲϣʦ˼ĵҩԡ
׿ıףҲǽ͵
׿һ׿ıΪʲô֮ǰ׿˵ǻΪʦأĪʦҲ
ѵһ̫ڲͣΪ·ʽǳļˡһֹӵ˻ѣɵСˣҵȻһʱ»һӰ
׿ıףһεѵ
ҡҡͷ׿ƺûлشҵ⣬ҲµһЩĪ⻨Ѷ׿ʦжӣ׿ʦȴϲʦأ
㡭ô֪
׿ıȻסˣȷԼǵһμ棡
Ϊʲô̫ڵָأ
ʵײֻ֪֮ǰѵ̬ȾͿԲ²ĳ
׵һЦ²ѣ
²⣿ܰɣ׿ıЩĿס
Цŵʵܼ򵥣ղ˵˻Ϊʦ磬ֲֻͣһֿˣ
ɡô֪ʦϲأ
׿ıֵĵ㲢ײ²ϲԼʦ磡
ʵ֮ǰѾᵽˣ
׿׿ıһЦʦãǻѲɵĻȻǶø㴦ùϵɣΪʲô㣿ԼһеĸԴӦþڼʰɣ
ֹԲʦȷǶ⣬Ҷʦȴֻǵһ㣬㺣
׿ıףҲ΢΢һ̾
Ѽ֪˼ҲԭġΪϲʦ磬ܰѻʦ棬Ҳ˶ε鷳ˣҿǻѶƺѾǶɱˡ
׿׿ıҲѵ
ߣջҪС㶯Ѿһˣ֮ǰڶʤݵʱСͲһϣû뵽ǾȻ겻ɢָˡ
׿ıߣһλǿҲǷ˵
Ǿˣ֮ǰ˵̫ڵʵ֮Ҫǿ᲻٣Ϊʲôأ˵
׿׿ıҲüʵ
׿ıЦһ̫·Դʦ̫֮ҲЩҡҡ׹ʵǺܶŶֵ⣬ŴСġ
һ㵹ǣ˵ĵط
ҲͬĻ˵ʵսһ̣ѾǾΪп֮ˣ
m֮ˣ
ǷλػߵĴڣ֪Ҫô׷ɱأ
ֹӣЩĵǾͲ˵ˣ⼸㻹ǸǱȽһЩʱҵҸȰ뿪ɣǻҲһС֮˽ƽϵġ
׿ıף˼һҲǿ׵
л׿ֻĳһ鲻̫ס׿׿ıҲüʵ
ֹӵ˵޷׿ıҲǵ
ĳɽһС֮˶׿Զ̫ڣҵײ֮Ӧݽһ㣬֪׿Ϊλ˵İĳĪΪĳ׿ͷô
׿׿ıҲֱ˵ʵ
ֹӣǼСһֱĵĺܣһǣǼСӲ뻨֮ˣ
׿ıλҲһ
׿ıҲ΢΢һЦҲǲս˲ȫ׿ıӣǱǱȫ̫ڵӡҲֹܿӱѸ
˽⣡ЦЦȻ׿ıʵڸʲôȥ
²˳٣ȸɽİش԰ɡ
׿ıףĿ֮Ҳ͸һӵļᶨ
ش԰Ѳ
Ҳǲʵ˴Ŀĵرش԰
ҵõϢش԰бĴڣҲֹΨһߵĻᡭ
׿ıĿԶ֮͸һӵӢ
ٴУ
˿̵׿ı˱״̬ѵĳԭ泩һӰ




3220  겻ɢĻ
 

׿ı
Ů˵ȷͦģ
ʵȻòŮ˰æ˼ôҲ御ˣ
ֲɵӣʲôģʲôǼԼѲɸܲ
׿ı뿪ߣѵȷǻߣ
ɻѸղųôıô׵ķŹأ
ʱɸߣ׿ı׾̵Ľˣ
˿̣
׿ıΨһӳȥĿԣǱͻͬʱҵ߹
ʱһ֣ǿ¾Ͼ˼ˣ
׿ıߵΨһĻᣡ
׿ھߣҵأ׿׿ıʵ
ͲùˣѾԲܽǵĿģҸӦҪĿꡣֻҪ뿪϶뿪ġ
׿ıףҲǳ
ͲǸջ˶㶯֣ҿǵƺռκεư
׿׿ıȥЩС׵˵
򶷣ǻĲǿģǿʵģ
ʵҲãɽҲգֻҪʵ߲أ
ڵ˳ǷˣҲҶôģֹӾͷĺˣ̾ߣ
׿ıףҲ̵
̾ߣ׿ΪżⲻǸס𣿡Ƶʵ
ѵĵѾƻ֮ǰĲˡֹӣ˵ڱҪô
׿ı׾ȻżҲЩˣ
׵ͷ˵ҲǣȻ׿ô˵ˣǾ߰ɣ
°ɣŷͽ鷳
׿ıһԵ飬Ҳ̵
£ûиɡ
ҲһƵĿ⼸ˣһǲʶ
׿ʦܸͬ㣬ôأ̵
ֹӣǸˣΪ˱
׿ıû˵ʱһȻڸʲôֵ飡
鿴׿ıҲߣ
С㣬ǰɣЩҲԼѡ񣡡׿ıԱߵǸ˶Ҳǳ
׿ıһλʦ֣һοҪһѪս
С㣬ǾͲҪ˰ɣ˷ҵȳȽϵܣСҲǵְڰ
ƺ׿ı쳣ĹҲЩ׿ı̫ڵװһʲôĽɫ
лλʦ֣ɣ
׿ıԥһ֮Ҳҧҧ
Կóǣʵ׿ıһŶûУ
пܵı֮ǰֵĻѣûʲôյģ
οڵ׿ıлһĵǣǱף
һҲΪ׿ıеһ
ĵĹǲĵĿԵģ
׺һһûûεӣ˿Щ
׿ıԱߣλ׿ıʦֿ׺ƺΪĲˬ
ǰ׿ıӵĻͽѵһ֪ߵغļһˣ
һߣ
Ҳû뵽׿ıǸʲôֵСӾȻոסֱӾˣ
ܻ֮£ҲǴһȺֱӳŰش԰ķ˹ȥ
ʵѲ֪ش԰֮бĴڣ
ֻһߣǾǲ׿ıõ߹
Ϊһ׿ıõ߹ĻǵʱԼİ֮Ƕ͸ӵɶ
ǻѾԲԸ⿴飬һ·Ǹ׿ıģ
֮ǰлʱҲǶնɱ׿ıͷ
ֻǸ˶ѣ棬˭Ҳû֤ܹ֤ģ
׵ȥıӰҲǽʧ֮У
һɺ˼ɵѹ׿ıҲǼӿٶȣ
ɽش԰
ʵش԰Ҷǵĺ󷽣ֻҶǵһؿڰصģ
׿ıʵǿᣬǸЩνİأ
ֱӴ׺ǿдأ˰ش԰֮У
ش԰ʵҲûʲôر֮ǻһ񽫾˽ǸоȽϵɣ
ǿ߽У͸оǳͨˣ
׿ı˽֮׵ˡ
׵ͷİɣ
׿ı˵ӰǰѴ߰˸˽
ܰ׿ı㲻𣿡
׿ı˽ǰ֮ʣߵļǿмٽ׿ı˸
˿̣
Ѿ˰ش԰һ࣬ոҪٰȺӢĵصȥԶˣ
ѣǹ˵ġǱСص̫ڣʱҪ
׿ıŻѣҲǺԵ
⼸ˣһҲ뿪׿ıԱֵģطǳ֮ءû뵽ǻԼط
ѿΧɫ˵ģҲǷһЦ
˻˻
ڻѻ֮ʣһϸɳɳ˵ĶУ
˳ŲԶһɽ忴ȥʱ۾ֱˣ




3221  ɱף
 

ش԰
һǿѹ˲һƬռ֮У
ޣ
ҲǵһĿνˣ
Ȼȷǲ׿ıҪҵıҲȷˣ
ȻޱȣĳԼĪʮңȥرĴ󣡣
ȴֳֽȻͬɫ
һףһ죡
ȥμƺģ
⻹ǰΪֵĵطΪصĵطԴ
ȻԴ
ҲǸоһľ棬ֻǵ׵ʶ̽ȥʱҲЩˣ
ڵޣ
޵ǿȻ֪ģ
ɽʱǿѪǺ𣡣
룬֮ǰҪ̫̫˼ɣ
ͬޣ֮ͬǿҪǿ٣һǹϵģ
Ҳһ׿ıߵɫ䣬׾֪ڵıʵѹˣ
ԭôżȻΪ˱
ԭ㵵ӣΪĳ֣һҲǼ
̤Ьٴȫѹ
ԭһֱ׿ıССɽ׸ʲô
û뵽ǣСĵطȻǿޣ
Ӧð
ѿűֵʱҲʶľЩ̫ܣ
бĻͱɵ˰ɣ
ǻѲ֪ʵߣȴҲգ
Ϊʲô
ΪطѹҲûˣҲʵǿ֮ˣ
ÿһֻҪ֣϶ոһֱոɣ
Ҳش԰ĺɽΪ˽һ㣡
ҶٿȺӢᣬһҲѡǰɽѡںɽ
һǼɵʵһҲҪ
ԺлܹնɱĻֶֺΪأ
ѣѾڵʵһϣ
׿ıԷ飡
ڵޣǿɲڵǿ߿Աģ
Ҳʮҵ֮ˣ
ڵޣʤ㲢
һ㻨Ѻ׿ıʵ֪ģ
ֻյ˵⻨Ѻ׿ıĻѵĻȷǸһЩ
Ϊ׿ıʱΪ֪Խʦǰ
бһӴ˰˸ڵǿ߳
ѿ׿ıЦһһƾʲôҪһ𣿲ҪҲԡ
ʲô㽲׿ıɫ˵
ԭ׿ıΪӦ۷ޡ
û뵽һγֵıȻѾͻΪǿߣ
ܼ򵥣Ǿǰ֮ǰҵļһｻȻɱ
ѿһ۶ףҲ¶һ˿ɱ
ⲻܣ
׿ıŻѣЦҡҡͷ
ܣ׿ı׿ıû뵽õıɽŮȻΪһɽС֮㣬û뵽
Ҳһ㶣̫Ҫ߹ڶ򲢷ʲôܣ
ֻ߹Ȼʲôϡ֮ҪõҲлԵģ
ѾǺܳʱ䶼ûгֹ߹Ķˣ
̫ڴ˿Ҫ߹˵ʵҲȷǲʱϣ
û뵽׿ıҵ£ȻΪһɵСӾܾԼĺ
Ҫ֪֮ǰĻӦǾȵİ
ѣҺǱҺǲϵĻǱˣžƾǵĻ治һܹõ£
׿ıɫЩǺ֪ǻܹ£ӦҲҪ޴Ĵ۵ģ
˿̣
һֱĶǰһˣҲֱתȻǷǳԥ
ûаհ
֮ڵĵȷ٣Ȼûһ֮ˣô¹˭ֻδ֪
׿ıӦҲôӦӦҲôӦΪôɵôҪ̵ΣҪ߹̫ڣɲڣ
ѿ׿ıǲ˵
ȸֵĻʱһʧأҲΪ̫£
ɱף׿ı
ڻѵ뷨˼ǳĴ
Ҫ֣֮׿ı
ֹжıȻôġѣҸһȽΣǿһҲӲ
׿ıҲǳֳ˽֮ɫʵбκ˶Ҫż
޿ܣһѻδ˵СǵһҲһ
ѶݺݵĿף֮޼ɵɱһĿֲ
һֱЩ˼ƽϣϻ浱ǲèɣ
״˿Ҳ̧ͷĿĶŶĻѣ¶һ˿ŭ⣡
һʱ䣬ıסˣ
Ϊһ̼ߵޣڧôȶأ




3222  
 

ŭˣ
Ŵһֱ̲ΪľҪı¶Լʵ

Ȼ֪ⶫ򵽵ʲôĴڣǱ֮ʤݻҪһεĵطȻm͸ӵĽˣ
Ȼ˵ĻôȻҪСĽһЩΪˣ
׻ûпԴΪԼĿmԿˡ
⻨һεҪնɱԼԱڵޣһﾹȻҪɱԼ
ǿ벻̣
׿ɲǱŴģǲ鷳ѣ
ֻش԰ĺɽ֮У׿ıǻѣͻһɤӸŪҲЩһ
С㣬ǡСĪǷ˰ɣ
׿ıλʦҲЩĪĿף
Ƿˣ˼Ҳǣ
ΪĶˣʱնɱڴ˴Ҫ鶼ǲܵģ
ϾڱߣκεȫǿƸģ
СھȻ˵ҪѼƽˣ⵽ʲô
׿ıҲĿɿڴĿףѾǴԼֵܳ˳ȥҪƺЩˣ
׿ıſ׵һôһֱ⹷Ƣǳɲʲô£
С㣬˵ˣһûӵĻȻҲС㣬ɡСҲѾ御ˡ
׿ıʦֿҲǿĵ˵
ʵǵ˼׿ıֺγ֪أ
ף
ʵĺף׿ıȴô
˵ΪʲôԼҲ֪
׿ıֹ̫ڵ棬λʦΪʱһС˼𣿡
⡭СԼǣֻڱ֣ڵҲǱ߹ĳˣǡǿҲ
׿ıʦ̾һʵѾǲϣˣ
ƣǼ԰϶Ǳ߹еĻӦǲָˣ
ڵʱĻ̫ھֻܹӦĳЩƽȡ߹ˣ
г
̫Ҫ߹ڵȻҲҪ뾡취ȥѰˣ
ҲΪʲôһֱ׿ıԭԲܹ׿ı߱߹
˵ʵһıǱڵ޵Ļ
ѾǴˣ
߰˸ˣǵʵѾѹһԵ׿ıˣ
ֻڱһӱǸвڲһĻ
׿ıʦֵ£ôʣһҵ°ɣ
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һˣôþҪԶЩˣΪǵսʵǿֲĺܣ
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ֻҲû뵽ԭȥʵΪǸСӣȻֱλǿ߸ˣ
һֻʵһֱԥҪҪ֣ΪҲûоԵİգ
ڿЩڧˣȻǸӵĲżˣ
ֵܹĻʱЩĶ˵ѡԲǸһЩ
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ǿVSɽˣ
⿴ȥôҲһԵȵϷټ⻨ѵı߰λڵǿػ
ⱲӼϲװˣǽҼʶʲôװ޼ˣ
ѸֶƺƤӶ̧һ£
ɽǿͣ˱Ҫп˵ӣԽˣ
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ܻ֮Ĳ֪ߵغ񰡣š
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ڵŵӣҲǻѵʦ֣
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׿ıҲΪƵĶףԺ֮зתš
ɾ׿ı׼ֹ֮ʣȴһﾹȻĳɱȥ




3223  ϻ
 

ش԰ɽ
һ̶סˣ
ǸȥʵСӾȻ
ǲ֪ʲôߣʲôغ˰
֪ν
誶׳ɱҲǷһ˿мЦ⣡
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һǷˣ
ھҪְףҲûκεĻˣ
׿ıҪˣʦ֣ɱ
ѿ׿ıҪҲһ׿ıĸǰ
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׿ıλʦҲǵ
׿ı̾һŲԶѾ誶һףҲǵʹͷ
ʵǲԸ⿴ǼһԼǰĳ
ѲмЦһǸһﱾ͸

׿ı׵ģΪҪ׿ıǱźģ
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ǵѿ׿ıǾֵʱҲʶĸоһЩԾ
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Ҫ֪誶һγʵΪǿ֮ˣʵѾǴﵽڵ۷壡
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׵ĵһո£δκεͣЪڶѾǽ
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˶˶ȻҶڵ֣ˣˣ
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׻ͬŮ
ԼʵҪŮ˵ˣ
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Ѿɱ䣬ȻڸЩκߵĻᣡ
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ҲܻˣȻû뵽ԭΪռԼȻգ֮һλ󽫣
ֻ˵ĲĿ֮£׺ԥͬɱٵĳȺ֮С




3224  ѵĴ
 

ش԰ĺɽ
ԭΪԼһռɵһγȺ˳ɱʱ
Ȼˣ
Ϊ׵֮Уη壬ţ
֮ǰһ׼Ԧʵ̫磬ڵѾЩˮһ㣡
ɱۣ
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ڣ
ɲŵʵͣĲΣ
ЩĵʵѾǴﵽ֪Щŵĸ߲㵽ʲôʵˣ
һЩʾĸǰԼʱҲΪ
Ϊ˸õıȫԼΨɱ˲Ľ֮
һһӰʧ˵ĸǰ
׿ıǱѾЩľˣǿǰɱһĴڣҲǾֲѣ
ɽСطô͵أ
ৣ
ܿ죬׵۾ѾǱЩɺˣ
һĹЩڵǿݽһĳ׵˰ش԰ĺɽ֮
ת˲֮䣡
ѾǱùԮˣΧֻʣ¹ԼʱԭϵһĨȻ֮ɫѾʧˣ
㡭ʲô
ηĺܣ˵֮ǰһ㶼µĻ
ôڵףɲǺôˣ
ѹﻹĻῪЦ֮ǰƺҪɱҵİɣѲֻվɱܷˣ
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׼ɱŮˣڵ׿ӦûЩô!
οŮ˼ȻܹΪ˵ǱǷǳģ
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㡭㲻к³ģѿףҲŭһ
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֪Ӧòֹӳ£ְ
׿ıʦִʱҲһ˵
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ֹӣôܵأ׿ı𾪲ѡ
װڰֵ֮Уֶη࣬鷢Ҳġ⻨ԭžΪĹ죬ľҲ֡
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ʱ׿ı˾ҲеģϾѵǱ߰أ
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׿׿ıЦŵ׿ĵ֮ӦòҵɣǱ߹ƺӦùĵġ
СС㣬ֹԲҵ˱Ҫҵ߹˻ѵڡ
׿ıԱߣλʦҲǳ
׿ıƵ˵ʦ֣ƺڼˡƾ˵ʵôǱĶ֡
ǻֹ
λʦ鼱֮ҲЩ˵
ֹӣǺǣʦ㵱ֹ̫ڵ𣿸οֹ֮ǰѾǰǴæˣܲܡ
׿ıԼʦ֣Ҳǳ֮ɫ
ʵγװæأ
ο߹۸߰˼ƾʲôѧ׷أ
׿ﲻÿĳæԸģЦŵ
ڣ̫ܲҵɣ
οһܱȶһҪðɣ
ֹӣ⡭ô˼أ׿ıǼȼֺߣ
˵ʵ
ȫû뵽׻ôİԼ˽׵֣
ǾͲҪˣҿҪٲֵĻǱҪˡ
ҲڹķϻˣΪԸоǱЩսˣ
⡭λӣлú˵
׺׿ı˵֮ʣλȻ俪ˣ⵹һԵļڵ
Ҫ֪޷ǺѼĳ
Ǳȥţģû뵽ȻǸ˻




3225  С˼ı
 

ˣ
һҪæ׿ıҲƲѣ
Ϊޣһ϶ûа
ҪԸʱȻˣ
ţ
׿űҲû뵽Ȼһ
ոմս߰λ֮ˣѾ˸о
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׿սǿΣ
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׾ȻԼˣҲǿһ£
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ȷûʲôԹֻҵҪ߹
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׿ĳи⡭׿׿ıҲǵʵ
ֹӣ˵
׿ıȻʧǣױϾǰԼģһ㺭еģ
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׿׿ıҲЦʵ
⡭߹ڱȻǴ֮ˣֹôͻȻأ
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Ǻǣ׿ﲻôΪ˵ľʵɣ
׿׿ıôԵİʾˣ椾ȻԼҪʲô
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׿ıȻЩ׹ˣҲɫһ󳱺ʵ
Ҫˣ
׵֮һ˿ĺâĿѾ˱
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׿űҲǳ
⡭λⲻǡΪ𣿡
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ڸѡ񣬵һ߹ҿ԰ʵڶ߹ɱ㣡
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ȻˣһŷǴһӸ棡
׿ı˿ЩŵĿһĿŶı
㡭Ŀ԰ʵ
ĻȻûֱ˵ףڳ˼ˣ




3226  õ߹
 

ش԰
ףʵҲûа취ˣ
׸ղһ˲Ϣ뵽֮ǰնɱǰ֮˵ģ
һ￴ȥЩ޺ӣ⶯һ㶼
ɲԼľôˣ
һ˴ߣһϰˣ
ͻȻôһˣȻЩˣ
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Ľڲٱ֮һ˵ǵ˲ֹһ㣡
˵ˣ㽻߹ҿа취ʵ
˵˵ʵһʵҲʲô£
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ҡƾʲôأ
ƺЩĵĿףҪһȷһ£
㻹ûиڵǸʲôҾٸ˵һˡ
׿űһȻ߸Լ̸
飬һɱϵ֣
û߹׿ıʦҲδؾͻ£
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ҡҽҽ𣿡
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׿ı˿ףһǳ˸м֮ˣ
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Щνλŵˣʵĺһ㣡
һֱΪ߲ƭǿߣʵ֮ôأ
ÿһȥһЩطʱЩŻ߼˶ǶǿͿġ
ԣҲϰߣ
ڱһƭǾȻ޴ˣ
ò˵׿ı˵Ľ̫̫ˡ
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лңֻ׿ľңԺ»ҪСһЩŶʵҲǺ¡
׿׿ıҲЩѵ
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ףǳˮѣ
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׿űҲǵ˵
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׿ıʶĵ׵ĸǰ׳׿ı΢΢һЦ׿ﲻؽš
ҡûнš
׿ıЩǿĿףҲǼһ˿Цݵ

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ŵ룬ȴһһͨһ봿׵Ĺӣ
߹
׿ıǱҲǼ˵
СӻͦܲصİȻԼĶ棿һʱỹǷֲ˰
׿ҲЩˣ
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һޣ˵ʵûôС˼ء
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׿׿ıӣҲǵȻһҲǳٲã׿ʦ˵Ļĳ׼׿ɽϢգ
ֹӣԺǻлڼġ⡭ҵƣֹԺһǵȥ̫ң
׿ı˿̿ףҲǺߵĵͷ
ʵ׿ı֮˲Ļǵһ
ԽǶһﲻϣʱһԽǸϲ
ˣȷǺŮ˲޴仯Ǻģ
һŮˣ
һһ˳˺棬ƺݵĿʼˣ
ĳȥĳæͷ飬һȥ׿
׳׿ı΢΢һЦȻҪȥģ
Ͼ֪ԼҪĺܶҩĶҪطĵطܹҵõ
ֹӣǣ
׿ıЩĿףڵȷҪ
һλڵӿףǴ˿̶Ҳǹмӣ
׿׿ıɽ飬ϣ׿ĳܣ޲ɢ֮ϯλǵʱټ
ݣ
Ӱʧ˰ش԰ĺɽһǱȴһڴĿף
ĺܰ
ó˱߹ôҪлرˣ




3227  һ
 

ش԰ɽ
ԭҪȿ⻨ѵǸʲôģ
ڿűڴҲЩΣ
˵ֽ׶α֮Ҫöˡ
ű۰Ͱ͵Ҳ΢΢һЦʵԼʵ
ǡǵȻġ֮ǰҲ˵
ҲЩЦĿףȷʮֵΣ
׿űʵû⣬һǰᣬĻǡ
ֹӣʲô˵ֻҪģûģ
ȻһʵⷢʲôҲſھ
׿һӣû˵㵱ȻģȡľѪ
Ѫ
ףҲһ
Ѫ
硢ɽ磬ѪһΪĵľ֮ڣ
һйھѪ飬ܶ˶ǻԥģ
ο޸ˣΪЩʱѪһ˿ƣʱԼ˼пܳΪ˵裡
ԣ˵ıҲˡ
Ҫʵǵһ
׿űû˿Ц֮⡣
˵ʵ
ԭǴûʵһģһõްԼĸǰ
ûʵ飬ñʵȽϵĺã
ΪǻҪԹԵԼĻƺûôס
ֹӣ㡭㵽ҪʲôףҲǺ׵
ײмĿһ۱Ҫɱ㣬Ƿַӵ顣ڻẦôʲôֵȥģ
⡭Ҳ˼
ʿˮʮֵԥΪ֪׵Ҫʲô
ĳǾȡѪҪ̫ķϻ㲻ĳĻǻǻصǰش԰ȥɡֻϧǰΪʾǿߵĻɾûˡ
׿űҲЩϧҡҡͷ
ʵףǻкܴĿԵģֻǱѹҲŶѣ
񡭡ʾ𾳣
ĿɿڴĿףһ˲Ժ֮ǧ棡
µĻҲѾǸԼԺ֮У
Ϊǿߣ
ÿһ߶ϣģ˭ҲϣԼڱ˵Ӱ֮£
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˵ʵһֱʵĻССɽûеطɵ
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Ψʵܹңһ֤
ɽѾǳ˸֣־ǰֹӣ
֪ԼʵѾûκεѡˣ
֮ǰһװֻҪ׵϶õһЩôѡ
ֹƺԼͷβѹûԼõһ˿һĺô
ڻȡԼľѪҲ֪Ҫʲô
˵ҪɱԼĻҲҪôķˡ
˼֮
һѵľǾȡԼľѪ
ΪʵҲƴˣ
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һѪҺӳ£˸˷ܵĺâ
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˿ΪľѪѾǱ׸סˣ
ںϣ
׵ĿĻ֣ԭɵľѪһڿвϵת
һϹӵĽɫַ·һӡһ㲻ϵĴξѪ֮ϣ
ԭξѪĳһ̣Ȼںϵһ
ȻãѪǺ氡
׵Ĩһ˿ЦݣΪԼǱڲϵĽϵ
ǱƺҲǷʲôԾĵطǵȵʱȴѾˣ

һѾǳΪշĵһ裡
ʧ֪Ǹ
˿̵ıоǵںõĿ棬ô֪һεѡԺٵٹأ




3228  ı
 

һͣ
ԭֻҪһѪûôģ
ڿѪǵãҸɽ缸һޣ
˷ͣ
׿űҲǺٺһЦоô
ˣ
ףҲǳ֮ɫ
Ȼ˱˵裡
ôҲû뵽ԼȥģǱˣ
ЦŵӺǺԸ
ûûУԺһΨհ
ףһεĵͷ
һԵ鿴űСӾ͵ְɣ߰ɥ
⡭λǡ
Ȼں޲ѣԼѾǲܹΥǰ֮˵־ˣ
Ѫȷĺܣ
Ҳ֪Լʦʲô취Żõģ
ⶫãҲ
׸оǣѪ˺ԼС˵΢΢֣
ԣԺǰ;û̫Ӱģ
Ļ֮徫ѪľѪں֮Сӻմأ
飬ֵܣ׿ű
ݼֹӡ
ھĸһһֻʵ̫ˣ
޲ܻûΣҼǵ֮ǰɽЩ޶ǿİ
ƺҲע⵽⣬ȷ̫ˣ
һվԼĸǰоһĲЭ
һ㶣Ȼʵˣ֪Ǻѱε𣿡
ѣжѣ
׻ûϸ˽ϾܶҲҪͨ˽⣡
Цһһ˵ҪﵽʾĲΡҪεĻҪɽٲУ
ɽ٣
ҲЩֵĿűҲ̫һɣ
ˣʾɽǾҪˡһ˵ֻҪﵽʾĲΣûģ
ףҲǽ͵
ʾӦҲرѰ׿˿ԥһ
Цذɣʾѣܹﵽʾͷǳţ˰
ԼҴﵽѾǷǳļˣ
˵ʵڻҪʵǱҪвһĻԵ棡
˵ʵǵʱȽϵһ㣡
ҲǰλԴ٣ǿܹñ֮ıһ
ҪǰǾҪԵˣ
ʶףĻԵΪָܹ޵ǿߣξԲܹͣ
׵ڣ桢ľĳ
Ҫǣľĳҩʦñﵽʾˣ
ǻط˵ɡ
׵һӣоԼһ飬ȻһƬռ֮У
Ŀɿڴ
֪׷ʲô飬оԼǱƵһһ㣡
ڣ
㵵󿴿ҿ֪طʲôĴڣ
ˣ⡭⵽Ǹʲôط
СĿʵڶ׸ӵľηˡ
֮䣡
Լλ˾Ȼܹÿռ䵹תԲһʵܹİ
һƬռһռ䣬Ժ齲֪ˡͲκεĵˣԵİȫŨӰκεġ
׿űҲǵĽ͵
⡭ֹŨֱ֮һһذ
һ˵ļԺĻԼĿ԰ٳ߸ͷһأ
鿴űӣҲû˵͸С˵ˣԺ͵ְɣ
ǣֹԼǣ
һĸܵһЩͬ
ϣ׳ĳһռ亰ȥľЩĿ׵㻹˵ףطȷǲ
ϣһǿߣжռ䣿Զɽٻ𣿡
׿ŻľҲЩɻʵ
ֻ˵⣬ǱѾǲһһֱӹˣ
һǿߣ
Լ˵ǸʲôİȻ𾳵ǿѣ
磡
һᵽǿߣ˭ǶĤݵģ
˿̵ıЩΡΡĿŻľеҲǲˣ
һȴűеﷸһ㣡
ŻľһֱԼҲǸоһĲڣ
ľüֻһ㣬ҪﵽʾɽٻΣѶȺܴ󣡡
̱
ԭĻϣĿŻľɵľһϯ֮Ҳǳ׵ˣ

ľ˶٣һε˵ĿҲǶȥ




3229  ͽ
 

ʲô
ԭҲЩʧȻҲ֪Ǳһ㣡
û뵽ȻʾЩ
˵Ҫһﵽ𾳲Σûκεϣİ
ľź룬΢΢һЦֻͨϵıƺЩͬ
Ŷ˵
ԭΪľµĶǰλ
ڿղŵĻľ˵Ĳһϵı
ʱҲһֻҲ֪޻ޣ
һֻ֮һıҪǿ᲻٣оȻܹͻƵΣ˵츳֮һıҪ̫ˣ
ľϸĲ鿴ֻҲ΢΢һЦ
лǰ
ŻľĻһִӵõĸо
ľ΢΢ҡͷȲҪżлңܹ۷ѾǷǳˣ

Ҳһ±ƵĿŻľⲻǸû˵
ľ׵˵һϰΪʦĻǾͲһˣ
㻹Ÿʲô
׿űҲǵһ۵
ʦϣܱһݣ
Ҳɵӣ̰˻ľĸǰ
ľ΢΢һЦףôң֪϶ΪʲôҪһͽʵ˵ʵ޵ǱҪ׺ܶ࣬Ҳôܽľ顣
Ҫͽ֮ءֻɻĲˣľҩԱ޵ʡ
ײǲҪñľͽܣ⣡
ľЦŵСһҪôոͽҪһֳʱұ˳Ҳи벻ǡ
ԭˣ
ҲЩȻʵľԼܹƳܽĵҩ
ϾֵҩԼҲһİնûС
ԣڵĻľȥΪԼѰĺ·һ㣡
ȻɸһЩ츳׿ȣǺһ㣡һųΪǿ߻ûʲôɾ͸С
ľһϯڳļ˶һĿɿڴ
Ҳû뵽ľǴ㽫Ϊǿߣ
׿ŻľЩʵϣ˵Сܴﵽ𾳵ĲΣ
ֻˣѶȻСɲһô֪أ
ľٺһЦ֮гŵɫ
ΪҩʦĻ֮һҪӵŴݣ
ãԺŻˡ
ҲЦϣǱûϣҪðɣ
Ǳûκεĸ飬ԺܶʱΪصģ
ȻΪ׵ˣôأ
ǣˣ
̹׵˿ʮֵĿܣ
һ𾳵ǿΪʦǶôҫһ鰡
Ҫ֪ıǸ붼ģ
ľҲЩʵװղշֶΣҵǵһμ
ϼЦˣʵ֮ǰ½õһطֻû뵽羹Ȼõģ
ҲЦŵѪڿȷǷǳĶ
ţãطȥҲûʲôãĺܡ
ľףҲ΢΢׵
׿ŻľϣɽȺӢỹмʱ䣬ܷЩͻƣ
ͻƣ
׵ˣҲǳ׵±ˣ
ʱ䣬Լͻƣ
ĲǿЦʲôأ
˵ԼԼҲţ
ľ΢΢һЦӦԣһӦڵʵҪͻȻʱִһЩɻлġ
ʦ⡭ļٵİ𾪵ʵ
Բ֪ˣһգѾˣҲҪʲôò˼飡ףһͽˡ
ľ΢΢һЦҲǴűʧһƬռ֮У
Ҳе˶ˣ
Ȼľ˵ͽܣͬʱصĶ
ʱ鵹ҲǷǳĲ
ȺӢỹмʱ䣬֮ǰץǸѣ
鵥Ѻһط
޾գоһֹ¼ţ޾Ĺ¼ţ
Ѳ֪ԼʲôطҪҸ˵˵
ǵôãȻûһ˳Լ˵
һɿ־ĸоϵϮŻѣѾǺʲôʲӵɽˣ
ѣңҵǿԷ㣡
׵ĳһԭһֱĻѣ˿һ׵ҲǷ




3230  Ļ
 

˿̣
Ѹоһľ岻ѣ
ǶħһһϢĸо
㡭ҳ
ѵɫѿ˼㣬ôҲû뵽Լڵ䵽أ
Ҳĺ𣿡
׵Ӱڻһֱ̣ûѸоЩըë
طʵֲ̫ˣֲԼЩ޿ĸо
㡭㡭⡭ʲôط
ѿһĳԼ˹Ҳʿˮţ
Цŵʲôط˵Ҳ֪һҿԸ㣬ط֮⣬û֪ҲҪʲôڵ˿Ծ㡭
㡭㵽ҪʲôǷңҪʲôҶ취㣡
֪һǿǿ϶ˣ
һȻɱôˣôӦ˳ֵ׼
в˼ңǾıˣ
ѾüȻУֻˣ
㻹ûôҵĴ㣡΢΢ҡͷ
ҡûǸ˼ҵ˼ǡ
û뵽Լ뷨ֱӱ˸ˣҲһ
һǷǳѲ˵൱ĲöԸ
Ҳʲô˼ҵѾˣôѡԼ飡
׿ŻѣҲǷһ˿Ц
㡭
ЩŭɶĿףǵһ̣Ҳǳ׵ˣ
²òͷ
Ҳ֪˴Ӧ׵ʲôأ

Ѹоһ裬ڵȻһᱻһСӸƵϣ
ѲԼҪϲԼɫȫԼ
ѵɫһһףƺԥԼҪҪô
Ҫҵˣʹʹģ
ҲûйŻǱ߳ѪǿĻĲôķϻˣ
ʵշ⻨ѣΪ˱ģ
ֻΪ⻨ѵıǶڣⶫ򵽵Ǹʲôûиأ
֪Ҫһһڳԣ
⻨һʧ٣ʱɽܿͻᱻ֪
׿ıһʱ϶ǻûµģΪı̫ڣ
Լأ
ĺܣʱھԲʲôǵѡ
ڼȻѾȷѪĿɿԣôԲɱ˻ˣ
ֻ˼֮ʣ
һѪĻѾԼĸǰ
ѣ˿ѾȥԼ£ʣһ˿ɴ֣
⻨ѳΪ欣Ǹôĵط󣬸̵ĵط̣
ʱ沿Ѫ˿Ŷ̲סҪҧһڵĸо
Щⳡֱ
ʲô˼ô
Ȼʲô˾ӣҲʲô֮Σ
ԭҪ⻨ѴӦ֮Ů˱ƳԼľѪȻѪȥġ
һĹŮѾˣ
ߣαӣװʲôװղŲԼ˵
׵Ļо·Լڹһ㣡
֮£Ҳǿ˵
ȫԼڵ׸ʲôĴ
ҡ˵ʲôˣ
׿ŻѣҲûʵ
ŭɶ˵ֵģղ˵ҴģΪҲ֪ʲô˼װʲô˾أ
һ治Ǹ˼ѹˡ
׿ŻѵӣһҲЩΪΣ
ȷղǾ仰ȥΪ壬ʱȷû뷨
ˣֵģ㻹Ҳ𣿡
ѿףķζըˣʵ߷ѵ
ԭȥһɫһεϣ
˿̵ĻһҪɱҪϤĸо
׿ŻѣҲε˵Ĳ˼ҪңǱȡľѪɣ
ȡȡҵľѪʲô
ѿףҲһɲʵ
Ȼײģ˵ʼվûзɹκεľ裡
׿ŻѵҪ뿪Ψһİ취Լúÿһ°ɡ
˵ҪΪ˵ĻôѱǸģ
ûа취
Ů߲ӺԼ֣
Ψһİ취ҲΨŻʱԵܹڵ鷳
ֻҪߣôô
ѵӲסĲţھҪڣҪȥ
Ϊֻ֪Լȥбʱ
ԣڲʲôӦģ
֪һȡѪΪʲô
˵ĻǾɡ
һƣʾ⻨ѱƳԼľѪ
ƺҲϰΪʲô
ܿ죬Ѫһεɣֻһ̻ѿ׵Ѿǳ׵ıˡ




3231  
 

ĳ
һεۿ׵ʱҲԵΪĹ
һʱһʱ
ĻѾǳΪĵڶˣ
ڵƺҪȱҪܶˡ

ʵû˵ԼʦŷұĽƺڶ
ֻֻһҲûŪĵȼֲ
˿̣
׿ŻѣҲ¶һ˿ЦݵİɣҼȻԼˣԺҲģ
ѿףƺЩǿֻ־ǿԼУ
׵ݼˣ
װڰֵ˲˵ģҲϰƺԺͺ׻ֹʲôԡϾһһ÷ȥ
Ѿ˴㣬ߣֱӻĺ㣡
ֻ֮ǰҲҪһЩ飡
ǣֹӣ
ﻹʲôСħͷӣ
΢һ㣬һľŮ
ֻϧǣ⻨֮ǰһֱԼչģһһŮ˷ɧĸо
ǲܲ׿ŻǺܲı飬ҲЦʵ
ûûУ
ʵǲ궼׹ʲôʸ̸ʲôأ
ЦŵѹҲ̫飬ĳͨһЩֶο㣬ȴҲû˼
Ѵ˿̿ףҲһĸ̲ѣ
׵ͷǣֹӣ
΢΢ҡͷ·ң֪վüģ
֮ǰֻǲʶڿ˵һս׵ˣ
ˣԺԺ˵ɣĳմ½ЩҲȲѣǲ㣬ǱҪɱ㣡
׿ŻǰСģҲ¶һ˿Цݵ
һ㶵½֮ˣ
ǰôˣ
׿ŻԾģҲЩƵʵ
ǡǴĸɽλİ
ѿףƺ׻ûرĸо
֮˵⻨ѻЩĸо
ɽ磡
׿ŻѣȻ֪Ϊʲôôʣ
ǻԼˣҲûκοԵǵġ
ԭֹҲǴӴɽİ
׵Ķ棬ԭһݵĻѴ˿ҲֺǺǵЦ
ЦݿȥǷԷθĵЦݣ
ͷŻѣЩɻʵѹΪЦ˺
ֹӣһ˵ĻǾʹأһж
ѿףҲЦ
ŶΪΣ
΢۾Żѣ滹°
ЦһֹǴӴɽģǾء
ѹҲԴɽ磿̫˰
׿ŻѣҲû뵽Ȼһ
磬ҪܹһЩɽ磬һ飡
ʵҲ֣ӴɽǿߣĲرĶడ
ѵͷرأĸ˵ˣɽλܶġңǴɽƺкܶ궼ûзˡ
ţ⵹ǵģ֪ɽмûзˣ
׿ŻѣҲ΢΢һЦ
ô˵ֹˣĵһˣǾ̫ţأʵ֪ɽǼΪļѵġĸ״˵ʱҲʮֵľأ
ѿףԭһ˿ĲѾʧ
ȡ֮һݵ飡
֮У
½ˣﶼͦصģ
ֻعأǰ˭ҲֵܷĲ
ŵ̸ϣֻȽϺһЩѣ
׵Ҳǫ˵磬ǻû˵ˣ
ҲɵΪͻ磬ͽѪɣ
ڵʱӦôȥչǵȵԺ˵ˣ
ĽĿ׵ֹӣʵԺȥ֪ˣǱвǴɽءֻ磬ǴɽʮֵĲܴԺȥʱҲҪСһЩ
ܴΪʲô
üŻѣҲʵ
΢΢ҡͷ⡭һľͲ֪ˣǴҲֻܹƫż֮ء
ˣǸʲô
׿ŻѣһνѸŪԼˣŪˣ
ƺоԼҵ֯ˣ
Ҫ֪ףҲ絥սģϾһ׮һú
ˣһǸɽйذ




3232  
 

ڣ
Ѻ״ԭĵж״̬ٵ͹ϵȻڵĻ״̬
һжΪ˵ڴɽ磡
磬
仰ȻЩˣȷǺܹܿӺøжȣ
ϾͬһطˣǱȻͬеģ
ѶڵףҲǳ׵ķˣ
ֹӸոս磬֪˵ĴҲģЦŵ
ǲǾǴɽأ
׿ŻѣҲЦʵ
Ȼ֪ɹ֣ʵѾ֪߰˰ˣ
ˣ
ȻǴɽ֮γɵһͬˣ
ͷ˶ĵȻ򵥣ȴҲΪˣ
һԲ˵ȷҴɽͬˣ֮ɽҪӵ̫̫ˣ
֮ǰ̫ǲǴ˵ģ׿Żʵ
һЦҲǵģ
׿ıΪʲô㣿˵˵ӦǷǳŽİɣ
׿ŻѣҲƵʵ
ѱֹӣô̫ˣ֮Գ֮ΪˣǾΪɿͷԷɵĵֹӦҲġ
ͷ
׿ŻѣҲƵʵ
ЦŵȻڻڴͷ˷ǳĶ࣬ǴҲǳĲŽġڲʮֵļңӦû˷Ľ
Լʵ˼ˣ
û˵ɽ˵ȷôһص㣬ǾǲŽᣡ
ŽĻ¾һɼΪǿ
ֻϧǣһеǰֻΪʵ
ֹӣԴô࣬ÿһҶԼСΪʲôûʧԭ򣬾Ϊ˶Ǵһֱ񣬶˵˼Ȳϣȴֲòϣ
ˣŽֻܱ̲ÿ˶Ҫø˵ɣ
飬׼ʵ̫ˣ
ĵط
һ֪ܲأ
ֻҪûеĹͷܶ˶ֻῴ֣ЩԼһ˲Լ
ֺ۲̬һձ̬
ǵ˹ؼҪʱ̣ϣǳһ㣬ܹڼ
˱̬ȻſЦĺܣʵǴڵģǴĴڣ
ЦЦֹӣʵû˭˭ҲãΪ׿ıǶԵġ϶׿ıǺˣұǶԵġʵ˭ľȫԻȫ𣿡
׵ͷ˵ûûоԵĶԴһҪˣͨ죡׷Ĵͨ
˵û涼ˣ׷ʲôأеһֻΪ˻ȥĸã
ѿףҲǰͷ
׹һЦѹĳҲͬģֻҪԼеǱ׷ԼеĽŲ߾ˡ˭ƶأ
ƶߣ塢ħ塢塢ʹ壬Щ˭ַ˭أ˴ûһֹ
΢΢ҡͷȥڴҲǳ׵ʧˣ
ԭˣ֪ⶫλΣһεĿ˻ʵ
λãǺǣλþ൱ڵɽ綫½ĳ۳ɣֻɽĶ½ֻĸ۳ȴֹô˶ϱ֮⣬ܶľ򣬶ֻǱȽǿľ֮һ
ѶڴɽҲָƣĽͻǷǳĺģ
üԭŶ򣬻ΪǶϱڿôһ°
֮ɽȷǴ˺ܶ࣬ҾҰ֮ҲǷǳĶࡣټ绹˴޻ʵط⻼
ѵȷԱȽϸ߲εĵط֪ĶǺܶģ
Ҳʲôõĵط
׿ŻѣҲ΢΢һЦ
ɽ磬ܶ磬ʵ϶ھ˵ɽưԾǱ統һײ֮Ҫ̹Ķˣ
ѵͷʾͬ磬һΪпĵطûʵ㽫粽С
ǰûʵǴ粽УΪͬĿŻѵ
ⶫʤݱҴ˵ĹϽ֮£ԹҪȥû̫ΣյġֻȥĵطǾδ֪ˣ
ѿףҲǵȰο
ˣѹﲻ֪ɷʶһŷұӵˣ׿Ż΢΢һЦʵ
ŷұӣʲôڴǽһĴڰ
ѿף֮Ҳһơ




3233  ʦ
 

ɣ
üŻѣŷұԼʦ
ɽʱʵŷұй
ֻǸʱܶԼλʦδ˵
֪Լʦ϶ʲô鲻ʱԼ
ڵ磬һӦòʲô谭ˣ
֮ǰʱ
ʼԼʦʱĻϲδ̫˵
ѵĻüͷҲǽ岻ѣ
ӣѲŷұǰʲôϸ𲻳ɣ
ѿףҲǽüͷȥƺǵһ㣡
Żȱ飬׾֪Լλʦǳˡ
ŷұǰʦ𣡡
׶ڻȻû̫ˣǻ֪ˣҲܳԼĲ
ֻǶĻ׵Ļ֮ҲͳԾĿף
ʵѹôˣ
ֹӣҡû뵽Ȼŷұǰʦ𣬲ѾǱٱڵΣգŷұҲ˱Ѻʵǡ
ѿףҲε̾һ
˱ѺΪʲôʦɽ֮ʱӵнƺţΪڴȴ˵Ĳ⣿
ŭһΧƺҲǱһƬ
ԥһӣ֮ʵǿŲŷұǰҲǺİ˻£
İ컵£׾ô㶵ĿŻѣĻҲЩľĸо
̵ҵλޡʱڶ޶ǼΪǿһŷұǰҪԴΪޣԶԿδ֪Σ
ô˵ʦΪ˴˵δˣ
ŻѵĻҲ˵ʲô˼ˣ
ŷұǰӦ˼ȴΪҪȨԵʱ˵ĴžͶԽڶˡ
˵˴ʱ֮оȻһ˿Ĥݵģ
ԭΪߣǾͲǴޱ޽ǵ³Σ
ҲûʵԼʦҲ̫ôù˰
˵ʵЩֱ̫ˣ
ɽǰʲôԣ̫ˣ
ûоԵʵȺ׵Ļôһùı㣡
Ȩ
û˲ϲҲû˲
̾һ˵ûⲻҵȿԸıġʵҲ֪ԸֱԻϣӿԵ͵һЩûоԵʵ֮ǰҡҾûǡ
ʦ񱻹Ѻδ
׿ŻѣҲǳʵ
ڽڣ
ѿףҲƶ˵
ڽڣΪʲô㲻˵Ѻ𣿡üʵ
̾һѲɹӲ˵һҪʲôҪƷ仰ŷұڴӵнƺţ˭Ըأֻ֪ˣҲΪʲôŷұǽɵһԭ򡭡
ô˵ҪʦҲʲôˣ׳ʵ
̫ˡĸ״˵ŷұӵߣλ𾳵ǿ߿أΪľɨĵ𣡸οȻҲ
ѿףҲ΢΢ҡͷʾײҪ̫嶯
˵ȥ
׵üͷѾһ֣ȥʮֵĿֲ
ӣĪҪŷұǰǰ֮󣬵롣ĸŷұһ棬˵궼Ⱑ
֮У
겻գ֮飡
ʱ䣬һǿ˵Ǻ̺̣ܶܶ
ʱ䣿㹻ˣ
׵Ŀ΢䣬һ̵ɱûѶоһľ֣
˵ʵ
ԭ׻ûдôżȥ򣬿ԼôҲȥһƿһˣ
ԼҲԶһŵ˽ɣ
ѵĽһĸɺܶҲһӾܹ֪ôģ
ʲʲô㹻ˣѲ֪˵ĵʲô˼
Ϊ˵Ǿʲôģʱ䣬Ѱ֮һСҲδܹͻƵˣ
ȻʱҲ쳣ѣ
װڰֵѹȻȥˣһʱҶȻȥһˣʱϵǣ
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ѿײԸȥҲǹ
ͻ뿪˰ش԰֮
ҲǴش԰֮УڳȥҲûκεˣ
ҥˣǵʱܻ죡
ǻ첻ʵҲν飬ߣЩ÷ӣ
֮ȺӢҲڶ
ȻһЩ飬ⲢӰȺӢٿ
ȺӢᵱ죬ȺɽХһӿ˰ش԰֮С
ÿһش԰ȺӢɽ˵һʢᡭ




3234  
 

ɽش԰
ȺҶǳŰش԰ķӿ룬Ҫ֪ȺӢһɽʢᣡ
ÿһεȺӢȻھٰ죬ÿһȴⲻһľʣ
ԭֻǸ֮以ĴᣬȴݱΪ˽ìܵĵط
һЩ˺ѡζУ
ÿһεȺӢᣬ˶ڴҲڴ䣡
û䣬أ
ΪɽһţҲʵΪǿĳţҶһǴĳаȺӢľٰȨ
ѾǷչʲôʱٰȺӢҲ˵ˣ
ʵȺӢᣬҶڵŰѿصһߣ
ԭҶԼѾǷǳǿˣ
أ
ԭҶڿԶԿһľԺ߽ڣѾǵ
Ҷڣڿν졢ͷ
ش԰ĳϢ֮
Ϊ˾ٰȺӢᣬҶѾǽش԰ǰɽϣ
˾ס˵Ҳһ۲۵Сǣ
ֻΪҪٰȺӢᣬ˴ڼ䣬ʱһɲ⿪ţ
ҲΪʲô֮ܶǰҶǱ߾סֱطһԭ򣡣
ȺӢỹаʱʱ䣡
ش԰ڵһͥԺ֮УһȺ˾ۼǸطƺڵȴʲô
мߣһǱߣ
ûпڣƺ˭Ҳҿڣ
һݱ˵ã
˲ǱˣɽֿȵķҶ䣡
վˣǺĶӺ鳽
鳽ǺӣԶӺһ簮ĺܣ
˷ɫѿԭΪģΪҶڶ˶ˣ
Ϣ˭ȥģ
ɨһȦΧˣҲŭһʵ
Ѳģ
ߣһһЩӿźҲЩ˼ʵ
ӱǸոͶҶڵ߽һФ
һФԼ߽ڣʵҲС߽ڵʵŶǲµ֣
ͶҶڣ˵Ҷڵʵǣ
ֻһФոȺӢᣬһЩ˵Ҷڵִ¿һڵĵط
ڣ
һФȻ֪ģǾŶһСţ
ҲΪһФ֪žЩ̫ܣ
һФԱߣ罣ɽҲź΢΢ҡͷǰҲǲ顣ʵʲôأ
ݴڻļӦεһ֣
״ˣ˵֣
鳽վһֱ֪飡
һ׶ʱ䣬鳽һֱڰش԰æȺӢ顣
ŷôҲǸ֪á
ΪԼĸ鲻ãҲҪ֪һеΪʲô

ͷʵһ֪ģ
ѲСӣ
鳽һ߽ڵкͬʵ
һԵһФкЩƵʵʲôСӣĪʶ
ֹʶ֮ǰ̫оСӸǹȥģֻǡ
кҲǹɻ֮ɫƺоԼ֪Щ룡
ֻʲô
һФҲüͷԼĶʵ
кԼĸҲ̵ֻСʵһ㰡ӦǳĶְɣ
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Ŷ˵˵
һ⼸ֵʱƺҲȤ
¿оܵƣ
Ҷڵܴ裡
ִõȻһλţԵĳ谡
֮ǰӦġЩʵҲֵ֣ҶһҸаˣҾɽģ
ɽźһФλҲֵ˵
˵ʲôɽ˸Ҹ߽ŵ˽а壿ĪڿЦɣĸ
һƺҲЦˣҶڶңɽ˭
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¿ź˲ţҲǻɫĿʼ飡
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ڣǸֵģڻҪʶʶһﵽǲǴ֮еôߣ
䷴ںؼʣ
ƶֵļһ±¿ǧ˿ƹϵ֮ˣ
ǲûнŶôڿǾŶڵλţɱ˳ٺ١
һФź䣬Ǽ˶һҲЦ
ˣǻһһҩʦ˺ͶʤѧԺѡεɡ
Ѿ˼ƽϣҲתƻ




3235  ҩʦʸ񿼺
 

ش԰
ҶԼһ˵žڴˣĿҲǷǳԣ
ںף޹֮гֵ࣬ȻΪƣ
˶ڣôĺһС֮ˣ
֮У֮˺֮ࣿ
ǾҲǷȱһˣ
俴һФɽ˵ҩʦǱߵ˰ź𣿡
ɽģɽҩʦֻĻ᳤Ѿˡ
Ŷһεҩ˲ʲôص㣬صץס˲Ϊҵã
俴ˣĿʮֵȷ
ҩʦ
ְҵλʮֵĸߣ˵ʵɽһŵ俴ɽҩʦֻĻ᳤Ҳֵģ
ҩʦᣬʵҲһ֯
ʵǿᣬÿһǵķֲ
һФɽҲûʲô̫˲Űֻ˵һɽҩʦֻѡٻ᳤
ѡٻ᳤˭˵ģҲЩĿɿڴʵ
ո֮ǰһصȥݷһɽҩʦˣҿ˼ʤҩʦˡҲҸո˵ġ
һФǵȷǷǳƣ
ҩʦʸ񿼺أǿ˺ܶĶΪľŵ˿һҩʦʸ񰡣
ɽΪĵľͳȥĶûã
ЦһʤҩʦˣɽҩʦǾͳ˰ˣҿһҩʦǼ٣ֲµĻ᳤ģ
ʱôѡɽֻĻ᳤أοѡҲԼڲѡٰɣ
鳽Щ׵ĿԼĸף鲢֪
俴ԼĶӣ΢΢ҡͷҩʦһǳƨˣÿһ鶼Ҫֳ󶯾ģ±˲֪ҩʦƵġ
ô˵ǵȺӢҲǳ׼ĻᣬԼˣ
鳽ЩƵʵⲻΪ
һԵɽͷǣһˡɺ޵Ǹﲻǰ˰
Ҳ취ѶҪѲɾôĿǵĶ˸˲ɣ
һФҲǷԼǰӣ
΢΢ҡͷʤҩʦʱͻȻôһԲûĿĵġ֮ǰ˵ⶫʤҩʦ᳤ˣڿӦڲȨ˰
Ӧô죿Ͼôʯ
ɽƺǳۣϾ׬ʯʲôҲǷǳĲװ
λҩʦԲܹ»᳤Ҳøӣģʱ򾲹ɣ֪ʱʲô۶ء
ֻ֮ǻҲҩʦˣⶫʤҩʦͻȻˣ᲻ŶʲôӰ찡
ɽҲЩǣһʵҪĿľǾŶڣ
Цһҩʦһ򲻲οһҲҩʦΪĿĶǻ᳤ڲ飬ҵҲûκεĹϵ𣿡
ҩʦȷһŰɣһ˲ŵ뷨ˡԺδûлᣬǵĵ֮𵽾Ŷڣɽ𻢣ɽ֣֮
һФҲǵͷʾͬ˺
һԵλŵźһФˣҲΪͬ
ʵҶȻɽһţ֮ǰ߽ڡŶڵȲʵǿҶڶҲǲɿ
һ߽ͻȻĻҶҲôе
˵һǧ˰٣
ҶȻɵ˰ȥɣ
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ɽˣҲһЦˣһεǿⱾⶨˡܹ¾Ŷڣ¾ŶڵķУԺ׬ȡʯĻỹǺܶġ
Ĵָ˵û۹ȷʵҪԶһЩοһγҩʦ֮⣬أ
˵ûһҩʦȷǶӦþڲĽֻҪͰˡ
ɽźĻŵһҲǽķˣ
˷ҶٿȺӢᣬλڴӦǶʤѧԺҩʦ˰ɣ
ĿԶҲЩڴĿ˵
ʤѧԺȷĴڰ




3236  ʤѧԺ
 

ʤѧԺ
Ϊʤݵѧ֮һڵײ˵һĵط
Ҷ֮Ӻ鳽ǶʤѧԺѧ֮һ
ɽҪ붫ʤѧԺʵϼѰ
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ʤѧԺѧǿɶܵԵıģ
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ǿ붫ʤѧԺһĺô
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ȥĻʱԽԽԶô׷ϱ˵ĽŲأ
ԣ
һФһݣֱ߽Ҷˣ
俴һһФⲻһФҪ֪ڳܶ˶Ҫ֪
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һʧȥ˻ᣬʱҪȥĻǻǲˣ
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ղŵߣǡ
һФƺһЩһĵطЩĿź鳽ʵ
ɽҲǼʵĪǺһεĿ˹٣⡭Ҳûἰ
㿴㿴ǰһֱǶʤѧԺҶһҶˡСӳȥԺǳϢһЩ
䵭ĿΧˣǳĽĿ⣡
ʵ˵ʵ
һóһΪ߽ڼˣټ֮ǰӦ罣ڵɽ
ͶԼģҪһЩô
ԣΨһܹ뵽ľͨʤѧԺסǣ
˵ԭһǺ
һФɽ¶һ˿ЦݣΪ֮У˶һƴ˻ĲǺܶ࣡
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ҪȻֱڲöˡ
һФǽȥĻǿʲôҪıʣ
ôŹôõһԼӻԼųͷĻأ
һФ˵ѾѸɽţôأ
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ɽһФҲЦе˵
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߽ںͷ罣ڸոռǲã˼ŵȷƵŰ
ôʱҶڶԿأ
˿̣
̶ԺҲǸźĽŲ˹ȥ




3237  볤ϵ
 

ش԰ڣ
˵Ŀⶼۼش԰Ĺ㳡֮ϣ
ɽЩ˵Ҳǻһõӣ
һϲҳ
һЩҶڵţϲ
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ǾҪҶڽǲһεȺӢ֮гΪǿߣ
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һЩˣʵΪһεҩʦȼ˺ͶʤѧԺѧԱ
Ȼڲ룬ÿһ˶Լе
ͷɫң켣Ⱥ֮еҲԵжôͻأ
Ϊͷɫ֮Ķ࣬ƺܶҲԸĿʾˣ
ͱ˵㳡ĳ߰˸ͬʱźɫ֮ˣһǱһԲȴһֲҽӽζ棡
볤Ϻͳ޴ҥ˽У
˵ҥ˿ͻȻʧҲһĵǣ
Ͼ֮ǰĳͻҲǸܵ׿ıͻѵ˵ǿ
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ֻײǸ벻˰ش԰
Ϊش԰ҪרŵͨƲܹģ
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˵
׵ʲôʵһ㶼أ
ô֪ʦʹﵽû뵽ʦͦأ޺ٺһЦ
볤ҲĿɿڴĿҥļٵİ֮ǰֻڰ
ǧȷҵۿնɱҶڵִ¿˵Ǽһڵʵ
Ҳһƶ˵ȻҲ֪Լʲôطأ
⡭СѿǵаӵնɱҶڵִǿҲǲǲ֪Сѵʲôذ
볤ҲЩ׵Ҫʲôˣ
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˼ͬʱȺ֮ѰҶȥѹҲûп׵Ӱ
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Ѱ֮ʣȺӢһҲǳ׵Ļ
ֻ볤Ϻͳ޵˵˼ҲȺӢϣǷ׵ˡ




3238  ľŶ
 

㳡룡
һεӳǰ˹
˿̣
һ׷ǳϤ֮ҲУ˲ǱˣǾŶ壡
ʵϣ
Ҳǵǲѣϣ׵ʵģ
˵ϣϣ˵һ㣡
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ܿ죬˱㿪ʼ
һ˾ŶڵλãֻλÿȥЩԮһ㣡
ŶڸԬ塢ģлŮĶҲվ
һξŶɳ˴ĸǱش԰֪Ļˣ
Ȼϻ忴ȥޱȣ֮Ҳʮֵļ尾
ˣ鿴
ĿŻ壬Ҳǳ
ھŶڵ˵һλڽˣǼλҲǹžӣ
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ˣѲǳԱ˳ŵҪǾŶڣ
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ĵɴ۾Ż壬Ҫ֪ľ˵׻ǾŶڵ
İСӺôҲǾŮˣ˵ǾŶǷ˼һ顣һҲǷСһ飬ľСӲߣΪҶڵ˾ͲˣǰˣСˡ
˿ҲЩΣѲϣһô
ʱҲΪ׸ľԲôġ
֪ǼһȻľˣ
ЩȻ˵ǱСˣƾСһʵﶼǻĲָСˡ
һϣǺõģСӵıҲ˵أҲҽˣ
׺ڣ
ڻ֮ʣһһ̵
ҲЩȵĿŲԶĺˣû뵽ȺӢոտʼȻҶڵ˾ͶСӣ




3239  ľŶڣ
 

ش԰ڣ
ܶ˶ָָĿ㳡ķ򣡣
ף
Ǻܶѹû֣ǸӲ֪׷ʲô飿
Ҫ֪ڼɽҲһŶѣ
ھŶڵĽ»켣ɽ˭֪ǳ⵰
һţһ˻Ĳȥ̫ע
˭Ҳû뵽ȺӢһʼȻһ˾ڣ
ȺӢҲйģ
һ˵ȺӢտʼһһδ̣Ҫٵ飡
ԣܶ˶Ϊʲôģ
һ飬׵ûУ
˿ҲǻվɨһȦȴ˾Ŷһϣ
ֻɱһĿ⣬ûҲһĵ
Ϊɽĵһ֣Ȼ鴫
ʺڵܷôֱˣ
ں׵һλãվһӣȥӦʶܷŵģ
˲Ǳˣڵھӣڤ
ڤһǲϣȴҲ֪ڵ˭
˵Ҳһͷˮ
Ϊǰոռܷűˣżµʱ䣿
ڵͻˣ
ܣ
ѹҲǲܵ飬Ҳɣ
Ҳ֪ھԲʲô̫Ĺϸģ
ԭڤѲǵھ㶼֪
ֻǵĿһһޱʵ
źҲǳԾʵⲻܰɣǰҸոռڵܷţŶ೤ʱ䣿Ȼͻˣ
ߣǻˣҾȻҶڡڻǵ찡
Ҳŭһش԰һļѣ
ɽһһŭȷ˸оľ
ꡭҶڣôĵӰ
һĿϲ˵ʵڵĵҪռˣ
һֱûлᣡ
ĵҶڵĻ㵽ʱڵĵԼò٣ҲǿԷһİ
ײɱҶִ¿һ£ǽȺӢĵһ̣ڳ˭ʶ׵ģ˽ҷͶʮƷʯ
ɨһȦΧˣҲ˵
ֻҪʶԻöʮƷʯһʶô
ʲôͷǰƺû˵
ǰȻնɱҶڵִѾô
ܹնɱ˵ʵҲǲװ
ɾʵǿһЩأȻɽҶڣǾԶˣ
£
һ˵Ҳ¿նɱϢһֱǷŵģ
ʵǼһǲҶ¶ͷģ
˷Ǹһ̬ȶѣ
Ǳ˭ҸҶôҶĶ
ôȺӢأҿǵʱֱˣ
һФΪոͶҶڵˣȻҪԼ̬ȸڳ
˿߽Ҳ֤ʵ֮ǰĴţ
Ǳ߽ͶҶڣ
ߣڻСڣȻˡˡ˴ȺӢ֮󣬱һҪһﵽʲôţ񣡡
һФĻҲɫĻ˹
ڣԺѾһˣ
罣ɽ˿վںŶڱӻİô˴󵨣ڿһеıӦǾŶ
ҲΪŶһ򲻷ҶڣһμпҪҶԼһ
һФҲһ˵ɽһһͣƺҪŶڵʵˣ
ŶĻ壬˵ߣŶڣȻ֪ӸϵҩʦȼˡʤѧԺѧԱѡν֮󣬱ھҪúõĸŶˣ
ڹ
ŶȻѾҶڵвͣһҶҵɾȻ
˴һûɫֱ䣬ôҲû뵽⼸ŵ㾹Ȼף
Ǹ˾ľȻ뿪֮ˣ
ֻǻЩ˿˵ͬһˣ
Ϊ⼸ǲܵ飬ʶǲһڵСӰ
ʲôʱնɱҶڵִˣ
ȺӢһ̣붫ʤҩʦ᳤ͨ
˿Ҳǳ·ĳλߵͷ
ܿ죡
һӰѾվŵĲվȺɽλãΪıһ£ɽҩ᳤ѡλ֮вԭɽҩʦ᳤ζʤҩʦᣬҩʦȼˣʱֱȥἴɡ
˻һ
ܶ˶ĿɿڴĿźͨҪ֪ҩʦ᳤ǿҩʦᱣİ
ֻҪǻϾǱ˰
û뵽ȺӢһʼ˾Ϣɽҩʦ᳤λãܹӰɽֵİ




3240  ͷĺͨ
 

ͨ
ʤҩʦḱ᳤ڶʤĵλҲʮֵĸߣ
Ҫ֪ܹΪҩʦѾΪף
ܹĵλ˵˺ͨʵˣ
ҩʦˣﶼܵ˵صġ
ΪÿһλҪǰУ벻ҩʦ
˷
ͨɽҲΪʤҩʦڲϴơ
ԭɽҩʦ᳤ѾҪ뵽ɽҩʦᣬʵҲǱڲԵˣ
ȺӢȻɽʢҩʦҪһεĴϴƣҲûκεİ취
ΪͨǶʤҩʦḱ᳤һݣ
ǱǶʤѧԺĸԺ
鳽Ҳڿ֮󣬲֪ԭԼҵĸԺˣ
᳤ݹʧԶӭ
ԭֻǲ̲Լ˵֮ͨҲһ
Ҫ֪ԼĶȻǶʤѧԺѧԱ˼ҸԺǰʲôأ
ο˼ֻҪһ仰ĨȥԼνĶʤѧԺѡʹݣ
أȻҲҪģ
ԭֻ֪ͨǶʤҩʦḱ᳤ȴû뵽˼ʵ˵ĺˣ
ͨССɽҲûκεĸо
ֻһΪҩʦǱڲ˾޴ı仯ҲǱɽȵطлˣ
ź䣬ͨ豭ˣ˴ҩʦỹǽŹذһЩ£һ
Ȼͨ˵Կûκοĳɷ棡
ôȻ
ݸһЦ᳤̫ˣɲǶʤҩʦĸ᳤Ҷҵʦɽĵһ
һ
ƨĵĲνˣ
ͨƺҲã沿¶ЦЦıʵŶĶҶʤѧԺô
ְѧԱ鳽ݼԺ
鳽źͨĳԼһۣҲǸϽ
Ҫ֪ⶫʤѧԺΪĸȼ
νְ࣬ʤѧԺֻ£Ҳ˵鳽ڶʤѧԺʵλǺܸߣ
Ͼְ滹еְְ࣡
ͨͷܹ붫ʤѧԺѾ˵츳ܲˣǰҪԺһܻ顭
ǣԺģڵһλģ
Ҳǹ޲ùǰλλȨصĶʤѧԺԺ
ǿߣڶʤݿҲѾ̩ɽһˣ
ڣ
ͨһɽҩʦֻĻ᳤ʵ
᳤ڴˣ
ҲǹȻɽֻĻ᳤ԺͨҲǹģ
οڵ᳤أ
ʵҲ֪ܹͨĴȣԼδҲûзĻᣡ
ͨԼƺβҲΪʧ
᳤ɽҩʦ˶ȫ𣿡
ͨŷҲʵ
̵һˣֱɽλ᳤ûʲôĻǡһεɽĻ᳤ӦþǴ֮
ˣ֣
ͨŷҲ˵
᳤֪кβסҲһʵ
ͨɽҩʦᣬɽ֮˽ԿɲμӣǵˣҶʤҩʦ᳤˵ˣҩʦҪͲţ֮ҲǿԲμӵġԴ˴αԺҲǴ˼˹ɡ
ͨ
Ǽͷɫ֮ҲǻժԼ֣
һŮУ
ĸ˿ȥᣬü֮ȴ
Ϊ׵ǸŮŻɫ£Ƽҩʦݣ
ԱߵǼӣ¶Լµһ̣ͬҲǸŮӲಮ٣
Ƽҩʦ
λƼҩʦ
Ҫ֪ɽҩʦĿǰΪǿķҲǻƼҩʦݣ
һηƼλ᳤һλǻƼҩʦҲǷĸ
֪ԼѾˣҪ߾ȹ
ôҲû뵽һζʤҩʦĻǷǳľ
ǾȻֱӴܲ˾͹ˣͼ
᳤⼸λҶʤҩʦѡγһЩ˲šһͬһεĻ᳤֮
ͨĶԻʱ֮һ㣡
һڿˮʤҩʦҵȻӣ
᳤ҲҪʲôѹԭ᳤˵ȥְġɻ᳤Ҳ˵ˣǷ᳤ܹԶԼλãҲǿԵġ⣬ɽ˵Ⱦɲμҩʦ᳤һְĲѡ˷񣿡
ͨҲɨһȦôΪһҩʦĴȣ
ȴû뵽ʱһӰվ˳ĳǵķ˹




3241  
 

ش԰㳡
ͨɽСطȻ۸ڶĴڣ
˵ʵ
ɽûʲôܹ۵˻߶
ҲΪˣһֱڵȴȺӢٿȻѡһɽҩʦĻ᳤
һκͨΪλ᳤ģҪҲ˻᳤ˣ
⼸֮Уȫλ᳤ţ
ǸŮλ᳤ĵӣ
һ˲ģŮɽҩʦƽģ
Ů࣬ҲԼʦ˼ģ
ټкͨȵ¸֮ˣȻ
ԼӵžԵܹܷúͨμӣ
ӶҲܹԳʤҩʦĹƽ
ɽطúһ㣬ʤݸûа취ȣ
ԣɽμνȺӢᣬԼоǳĺЦ
ǿһǱȨ
Ϊһκ᳤ͨô˵ɽԲ˸վ
ʵôΪģɽҸҩʦŸɵģûˣ
ټϺͨһݣҶڵҲηֺ
Լӵ˻˼ҺͨԺУ֪ܲ
ֻǺͨ˵֮ԭһ֮úɽҩʦ᳤ֻѡʽʼģ
ɾ׼ú䷢֮ʣһ̲ƺ
Ȼʲô˶Բμӣһ
Ŀ⽹࣡
˶Ŀۼǰ˵ϣ
˺Ҫ֪˵˭
ͷɫң˵ҲǺܴҲüͷ
Ŷºˣ
ͨҲһ㶣ܿ㿴ŶӰѯʵ
ֻü֮ҲǴһ˿ɻͲ⣡
ѲǳҵĲɣ
ǻˣ˭ʱҰ
׿źͨЦŵ᳤ղƺ˵ֻҪɽ֮˶Բμӵİɣ
ȷϷԣ㵽ĸţ˭
ͨȻһЦΪƺоһ˿Ĳȷԣ
Ҳνĺܣλ᳤ĵӣЩνľѡԼģ
֮ǰȷΪ˲Ҳҩʦ顣
ټ˵˶Բμӣĳ̶ֳҲǿҩʦţԺͨҲδֹ
֪һεûֹȴǻһ֮˵ĳ֣
ɫ֮˿źͨЦŵȻ᳤Ҫ֪ĳȻҲ
ಣ
׽ɫҳȥ¶Լ®ɽĿ
һʱ䣬ܶ˶Ǹо֣˵˭
ɺ鳽кһӱϳ˴˾֮ǰ̫ѿף
ҩʦأ㵽ĸŵģ
ͨĵһӦҪ׵ҩʦµʲôط
ڿһϾȻһҩʦĵȼ¶ûУҲüˣ
ûҩʦĻ£Ǳ㲻ҩʦģ
ףɽҩʦĵȼ£»ûüȥ
״˻һ澡ԻȻһƬ
䡢һФɽ˿Ѿӿֳɱ
̤Ьٴȫѹ
û뵽ǿ׷Ѱ֮˾ȻˣһҴԲѵҪμҩʦ᳤ľѡ
Լ̴˰
ˣϷŪϷˣͨŭһ
ƺ᳤Ҳû˵ҩʦ˾ͲܹμӰɣҩʦ᳤ȵĲʵô
׿źͨҲ΢΢һЦ
᳤ޱȣȻҪǾԺˡ
࿴ŵģҲЩһ
ʲôèĶҩʦˣ
һɽŵѣȻͳΪɽһССŵ
ѲΪɽˣ
ܹ֮ȻǾ֮ܣ
޼޵ӣҲŭɶҪһһЩѵ
ţԺҶͨҪԺ˽ҵȴãĪ߰
俴ף֮ð
Ǻͨڴ˵ĻѾǶˣ
ͨɻĿ˿üͨҪΪΣ
ɱִû뵽ȻҳߣֱǴ
俴źͨҲǼæ
ڲμҩʦ᳤ѡΣҶڻǻʱҰĪʤҩʦᶼ𣿡
ʢˣǺҲû뵽СӾȻôԼ˵
һеԺжɡ
ͨƺԸɽЩŷ̫ľֱİ
ȻԺô˵ˣǱھһڶһɣ
˿̣
һ˽˵۹⣬һſ˰ɣ
һߣ׵ĳ֣ŶڵȴһĿɿڴ




3242  
 

ش԰ڣ
ŶڵһĿɿڴĿ׵ĳ֣
˵ʵ
ԭѾǳ׵ķһϣЩڵʱһ嶯ľһ
һڵˣʱôأ
ԼΪһ֮ټһȷڷ罣ڵ¾ȹԼŮ
Եʱһ嶯һҲΪһȻĿԴ߶ľԵʣ
ٴĳֽǶ˵֤˼ҸľЩԵֵĲ
Ϊһ֮Ȼ˾ȻҲĨ˵Լ嶯ˣ
ֻôҲû뵽һﾹȻĳˣ
һһƵķʽ֣˵һеİ
ԱߣĶ˿̿Ż壬Ѿ˵һУ
Լ壬Լˣ
һ̵ĳ֣ûĶеԹ޶ΪУ
ԭһֱΪΪƭȡľӽԼģɴ׳ֵһ̣֪ײѹ
ףˣ
ȻûֵŶڣ׵ĳûĶĪһ˿İȫУ
ĿԶףҲǾ㵵ҡҡͷ⡭һﾹȻĸĪˣ
Ҿ˵СѲǷ˰û뵽ĸ
ԬҲǳĺһ
һ̣ԬԼûпˣ
ɫȻҲһЩ֮ɫʱ鼫Ϊĸӣ
׳ΣһܹתǬ
岻ţ׵ĳһɵӵΪ
ǲҪ̫ˣΣһսģһܹ֮Ťת
忴ΧļˣҲǳ
ϣһССϣǲεһְֱ
ԼǣһСС׾޿ڵҲһˣҩʦܹͰ
Ĵ˿̿ŶףҲǼȵĸӣ
˵ʵ
һֱСӣоСӾһƭһ
ǽ׵ĳ֣ȴһ޴ĳ
һ̣Լǿˣ
˵ȷ˵㻰˼ˣվ˲
ԬˡѲɸղû˵ʲô𣿡
Сӵʵնɱ¿ڸЦҿŲҶڸɽţһƲ߶ѣ֮ⲻڣǾŶڡ
ЦһҶڵļƲߣ
ԬҲǵͷȷˣôܹնɱӵھĳ¿أҶϳ¿Ҳʤϰ
ĿŻˣʵڶ׻һ˿ڴСܹɽҩʦĻ᳤λõĻǿ¡
ҩʦ᳤İÿ𣿸οһηͻȻʣʤˣһеһжȻ˱ٿءĶλãʱǽһ٣ȴҲǾȲǣ
ΪϽʵȻǺǿǽʮֵ㣡
ʵڶЩķǳ͸
ҲϣֱΪֻԽԽıܹþŶڼз֮һ˿Ļᣡ
ûб鷢չȥĻŶھҲԶˣ
׵ĳ֣ڻ˵ֻܹһѣ
ڵܾܲȾŶڣ廹Ĳ̫
ΨһڴıСѵıǲ˰еĻǻһ
Ԭ˿ŲԶףҲðһ˿ϣĿ⣡
ǻĶ˿ϣױȾŶڵǸӢۣ
ȻҲֻ֪ϣѣ
һߣ
볤ϺͳޡҥõվǱߣ
ҥ˿׳ֵһ̣ǵĶĳɤˣ
ʵķǳìܣǼϣ׳ֲ֣ϣ׳֣
ֻǴʱ޵ĿⲻǶףŶǸŮӣ
û뵽ȻҲˣ겻ɢ
޿࣬Ŀ֮ҲǴһ˿ķŭ֮ɫ
ްЩ÷µʱǵ÷£ȷҩŰοıҩڳ̫ŽҲְ
볤Ͽ࣬ҲȰο˵
ߣʦʲôһ쵽ΪǵĳԼˣһʦ𣬶֪ʲôˣ
޿࣬˵
ޣĹϵҿǵ͵һЩɡһҲִܲ£ǶʤѧԺĺͨҩʹȵߣӲˡ
볤ϿףҲ̾
һΣ׿ҪԼˣ
˿̣
ԭЩƽɽҩʦ᳤ľѡһΪ׵ĳЩڴ




3243  ŭ
 

ش԰Ĺ㳡룡
װȻȺ֮УǴ䲻һ˵Ҳѣ
һ̣Ǿλ½Ƿǳǿģ
һ֮Կɽţ
κһɽŶǲôİɣ
֮ͨҲǰһ£ǰҲһЩȤ
ôˣܹͨȤˣ
׾һ
ѹ֮£ˣڶʤѧԺҲǼģ
ҩʦһǹ㿪·κҪҩʦᣬҵȻǸģ
ͨף̬Ҳıˣ
룡
ͨΪ˵ȷʸ߿һ۵ģ
һԵЦһ᳤ʲô˶ҩʦˣ
ؿ˶µġ
ͨһ࣬ǴŮǻ᳤˵ĸͽô
ʵϣ
һһ㣬һĶѣ
ͨвˬʵҲǷǳ顣
Ҳˣ̬ȻǺòʲôطȥˣ
ݺݵĵͷ᳤Ȼ֪⵷أ
⵷ң
ͨҲ⣬׵Ӳǵҵģ
ûҩʦ£˲ҩ
һʵ˶֪ģһЩ˾ǲԸҩʦᣬأ
οЩȻɾͻԣȥҩʦ
̫࣬˭֪һأ
ɫ᳤ʵҪΪɽҩĻ᳤ǻ˵Ǵ˳ұĵĻǿɾˡ
Լǣ˷ǰɽĳΪ֮ˣǻ᳤˵ĸͽֱӲμӴ˴ɽ᳤ֻѡΡȻҲǲμѡΣҿнΣ
ͨ˼һҲǿ
飬Ͼǻ᳤ĸͽʱڻ᳤ǰ˵ĵģǿԼ
齻ԼǴõõǲõǶԼ鲻
ƺڵźͨ仰̵ͷȻ᳤ô˵ˣ͹ˡֵġ
ֻ̧ͷһ࣬δ˵
û뵽һﾹȻԼĸǰף
ССɽĳŵǸҪ
ǸҩʦĻ
λﻹǸЦĺܣǶģǳμӣввȥʲô˼䲻ô
һ˵һǲʲôأ
һֱŷľ㾴һߣҾһɣ
˾ҪԼ׻ܵˣ
ˣƣ
׵̬ȣϤ׵˶֪һֱˣ
䲻𣿾ɫҲڱǰ̸Ӯ֣˭
ŭЦû뵽һﾹȻ˵Լ䲻
Լ𣿸ܣ
ԼһСطļһҪ֪ǴӴҩʹȳ˰
䲻ƺ˵ɣ
ŭȥǺ˿ŶһĿɿڴ
һĪǸɵӲɣ
ȻҸʤ㣿
ȻҲ֣ôһ췴Ǳˣ
ǶʤݵֽܹĻҲʡȥһЩ飡
촽΢΢ȻЩ׸ˡ
һģĵŭ𳹵׵ĸʵã쵹ҪʵǲıƤҪɸһģ
ΪʲôҪģײмʵ
㡭㻹ǲǸˣĪͿ첻ɣ
û뵽һﾹȻôĲԼӣ
ǿڽͨڳΪѡɽ᳤ֻķϣͶˣ
ʦãǶʤݵҩţ־֮ܣôҸأ
˵֮˱ͬʦ֣
ʦ֣ʵƺһ
ʦԼǣҲͲƽˡ˵ˣɽطûʲôսԵĶ֣
ʦֵĻƺһЩ
ֻʵ̫ˣǺˣɫҲÿ
˭ԸָıԼԼöЦأ
ڳһɽˣҲǸŭԣ
˿̣
ҲǽĿ⼯׵ϣԼʺԼҲòɾ
ܲǸһһɣ
ûʵĻͱװβǰ
ɽɲģԭڲһʶȴͱˡȻ˵ĻӦˣ
ߵĿ׵ʱ׵쳹ȫ
һ̣ƺΪɽӢۣ




3244  ¶ע
 

Ӧ
׵İɽ˶һĿܲѣ
һ̣ɽĴһ㣡
ʵܶĵ뷨ǳļ򵥣ԼûǾһܸ˰ˣ
׵ĳ֣ǡֲЩ
Զ
˿׵ģʵҲ𺳵ģ
룬ǿ¾װˣ
ֵģҲǸɫ
䲻ɵø̾ĿһԵļ˵
һФҲЩüͷǸŮӵȷЩ̫ˣֵĸˣҲʡȥǲٵ飡
ɽһﵽĵʤݵ˶ҵ
ţ»ѣһԼЩʵѶʤݵ˷У϶Ҫùģ
ʮֿ϶˵һʵͱĻڻɽأ
һФźǴ浱ɽҩʦֻĻ᳤ô죿
ߣ˵ǲܣһ򲽽ԣΣղûԺ˵ôǸĹǶʤҩʦ᳤ĸͽ
䲻мһԼ˵Ļᵣģ
Ǹˣ׵ˣǲģ
˵ҲǣöһźأһĽӮˣҲǶѡ
ɽһҲǵЦǵĿһεľۼ׺ϣ
һߣ
޺볤ϵ˿׸˳ͻҲһŭݣ
ԭͶ಻ڿ㣬ղѣ
໹Լ̲ˣ֪ʦ͵ɣ
޶׳ģֻһԵ볤ɫÿ
ų޵ްҩʹȵˣҩʹǿҩʤݰ
Σ
޲мĿ࣬Ǳʤģ
ҥ˿ףҲǵǵ˵̫࣬ⲢǺ°
Ҳǿһ£ҧҧʦôӦԼĵģ
ˣ
ɳǵǵı飬ʵҲԱģ
Ⲩ˶ǽŵĿףֻǴʱ׿ȥû˿ŵģ
㳡룡
װȻںͨ˵ĸǰȥʮֵĳ
ȳ棬˵Сƶѣ
ȻԵǿߣأ
ʱɫѾѿ˼㣬׵ģ޲ֱһ£
֪ʱֵĻǶ˶Ѽˣ
ΨʵѹΨһĳ·
ΪʤݵˣǸעԼݣ
ҲΪʲô׾˵ƣҲԸ⶯ֵһԭ
Ϊһ֣ǱЦ
ӣ
κʱҪģ֮ˣ
úúãﵹҪʲô¸ҸҶģ
ŭɶĿףҲߵ׵ĸǰ
ԱߣλʦЦһСӣˣش԰֮أ
أʵ
ңˣ㻹ŵĺܰȥЩܻˣ
ΪҩʹȵţΪʤָҩţ
ǰһȻ˵ԼҪ䣿
ֻ˵˵ҲǶԼһ谡
ȻǶģǱӮ㲻Ҷģ֨һǣ
׿࣬ҲĨһ˿
࿴׵ģ˵㣡
ˣӦɣǾ͵ʱ˵ˣ
׿࣬һӻû뵽ʲô
һб޻ˣ
ѹҲΪԼ䣬þǰСӾԲӮԼģ
׵಻˼˵ã˵һԾŶǱ㣬ǾʹӦˣˣǡ
ǱҲ㣡
׺˵һţһɲǻЩ㱰
ãǾͿʼɣƺЩȲ˵
򣡡
Ҳ˿һԵĺ֮ͨкη壡
ͨ׿һᣬҲЩһﵽˣ
Ҫ֪˵ǱǶ˰
֮ͨҲǵ˵ɽҩʦ᳤ֻľѡǳļ򵥣Ǳһֵҩ˭Ʒͳɫã˭Ӯλ飿
ûУ
˼ͬ˵ȻƵҩӦͨĵҩˣ
׿źͨʵ᳤ǲ֪Ҫʲôҩ
Ԫ񵤣
ͨЦһƺһѾǰźһ㣡




3245  ҩ
 

Ԫ񵤣
˵ɫҲЩѿ
ԪǻƼҩʦƵĵҩ
ʵϾ͸һͼĳ༶ҩʦԪһ˼
ڻƼҩʦ˵Ԫֻ˵żģ
ͨʱѡһѶȲĵҩǱȵӦþƷͳɫˣ
οԪ񵤵Ĳͨܶ࣬۸Ҳ
ԭΪҪʲôĪĵҩû뵽ȻһΪͨԪ񵤣
ΪɽֻĻ᳤֪һԼ˾Ųʮˣ
Ϊʲô
ΪҩʹȵˣıǶʤҩʦĻ᳤
ټһγ֮Ǻͨ
ĿӦⶨõģԪǲϵĻ϶ֺϷ
Ȼ
һԵʦԪ񵤵ʱѾЦʦãԪһƳƷİɣ
ͱˣ
һֵģ
Ʒҩ
ƳǾ̳˰
ȻǻƼҩʦɽҩʦĻ᳤ƵԪߵƷҲƷ
Ʒֻ³˵֣
һƳƷҩ˱ȣûκεĿɱ԰
ⲻԼԼλѾǷ
˿ʦֵĻҲǹǫ˵ʦ֣ԪƷҲǼΪѣ֮ǰҲǽҳɹôضѰ
ʦֺαǫأȺ֮УҲֻܹԪƳΪƷҩȺ֮ΨһһŶ
ҩţ
ʤݳ֮ΪҩʵҲΪ
ƺѾΪ˹ϵʵ
ʦһҲǲμɽҩʦֻѡΣ
˵᳤ְ˭ϲأ
ɽǸСطɾ˵ɽģʹúܶൽ
κҪųĽǱزٵıʯ
ҩʦǴְҵҪչ׳ĻǾǷǳѵģ
Ͼǰ˭ôʯأ
ԣҪһЩĻҵҲúʵǣ
ĿһףȻѹҲûн׵ʲôĿ꣡
˵ɽҩʦֻĻ᳤ǲ֮ѣ
ƷԪ񵤣ԻƼҩʦʵȻ˰
ǰȻҩʹȵţ֮ɽҩʦһһذ
ϧڵˣȻǿĶ֣
һֻ˵󻰵ѣ֮ǰҾ˳˴ţ֮⻹ûʲôı£
λҩʹȵ˰ҩʹλӦ֪İɣǶʤݼ֮һĵҩǳҩʹְ֮
һȺ˶ָָ㣬ǾһûʵԿ
ټ֮ǰʦǱƣڸû˾Ӯϣˣ
˿̣
޺볤ϵҲһǵģף
ȷŷǱѰ츳ȻڲǻƼҩʦ
ʵȷĿõģ
Ԫȵҩ볤ܲƵѶȣ
볤ϣʦܲӮ
޿ףҲǵ볤ʵ
һԵҥҲЩŵĿ볤ϣҪ֪볤ҲǻƼҩʦ
ΪƼҩʦȷʸеģ
볤΢΢һ̾ˮƽ̳ڶʤҲǹϵһһšΪ˶ԿӦǰ԰
԰볤ϣ˼ʦһӮ
ԭɫһһЩ仯ЩǵĿ볤ϡ
볤̾һС㣬ʵ𣿡
Ȼˣ޿볤һȻӣܵľЩԾˣ
볤΢΢˫ۣƵ˵ԪӦǱʤɣ˵ˮ׼֮£ǡ
ʲô
޿볤ϣ֣
볤ϵСƽûƹ͸ӲҪԪˣԪȻһŵĵÿһҲᾫĸġҩʹȳˣһͨҩʦɱӦ֪ɣ
ɫɷף
볤ϵĻҩʹȵˣ
ҩʹҩǳģԪȻҲǲڻ£
ټӵһ޷ĸڵѾһˣ
ǡʦЩĿ볤ϡ
볤δûӮĻᣬǻȽϵС
볤ϾʦмɰգЩĵʵ
볤һϷжϣһɣ
һһɶû𣿡
޵ɫһƬԼ˶ûˣ˻
˵ģ
ʵڳ˶һߵƫ࣡
ҩʹȵͷʵ̫ˣ




3246  Կʼ
 

ش԰㳡
Ŀһ̾ۼ׵ϡ
һսʤҩʦˣҪôɵӣҪôʵ
Ȼںܶ˾׸߱ʵ
Ҳǿֲ
ĽǶܶŵʵϣܹʤġ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ֮ǰ˵ɽ˶
Ϊɽˣôûһ˿˿Ѫԣ׸أ
ûʵҲô
һΪǳͷһ˿֪ĻʵӦڶʲôõͷˣ
ԼУñΪǳͷ
˵Ļôľеսˣ
ֶͨվ룡
ɽҩʦ᳤ֻѡԭ߸ˣڵľŸˣ
жλһǷһף
ֻӼѾǷˣֻǸ׵ƺ
᳤Կʼ𣿡
˿ЩȲĿźͨþĽ飬Ҳһ׵ļһ
ɽԭΪ˿Լ翴ңɼǳһ㣡
ȴ֣ô£
һҶڶСȻ˵Լ
ǿ벻̣
ͨһЦλ׼׼˾һоɣ
Ÿλã
ÿһλ÷ֱڷԪҩģ³֮⣬˭֪Ԫ񵤵Ʒ
ȴҲżΪʲô
ΪһıлľĳʦСҩľܲƣ
ѹҲȥⵤҩôƣ
һоͨһεĿ˵ȻλѾ׼ǾͿʼɣԪҪķѲٵʱ䣬ɣΪ˲λʱ䣬ǾͶһΣ
Цһ᳤ȻҪʱġĻĳЩһϣֹô
᳤ʾ£
ҲǹȻѾǱżˣͨǲ̫
ԣҲˣ
ͨͷȻλͬ⣬ǾʱΪްɣ
ʱ
ЩȵĿźͨȻʱȷǱȽϵĴæ
ҩпһʵܶ˶֪ģ
һЩ츳׿֮ˣٶȵȷǷǳĿ졣
Ѱ֮˵ҩٶȾͱȽϵˣʱǾֻǽƳ
ʱ䶼ûУоЩѼϼܣ
ƽ
֪һӦٶƵģ
ͨŷô᳤
⡭ʱҵȾЩִ٣᳤֪ǷӳһЩźͨҲǹ
ӳʱԣԪϷ֪ģο᳤ĪǾһô˶ʱ
ͨŷҲ
ֻͨʵҲ֪ƽ
ô
һǹҪĿľΪΪһɽҩʦֻĻ᳤ģ
̸ƽĻô۸أ
ο漰ȽϵĹ㣬ͨҲԸģ
һеһУ֮ǰѾõģ
࿴һԵķҲһǷ᳤ԼĻȫԷ
㡭
ЩŭĵӣָովźͨɱһĿһεķˣ
ʱʱɣ
Ҳ֪Լûκεϣģ
ֻ̬ȴǳջô˵ԼڻɽҩʦֻĻ᳤ɣ
ǸţžͲҪ
֮£׵ĺøе˲٣
˼ûͱˣܶʱǱģ

ͨһԵףҲǵʵ
ʵأ
΢΢ҡͷǶƺҲûа취ɣȻ˵ĻǾɣ
Ȼ˵ĻǱ㿪ʼɣ
ͨȻᣬƺش԰֮еκһ䶼ģ
Ѿ׼ѾʼƵҩˣ
˿̣
Ѿչ˳ɫ𣡣
ֵһ̣ܶ˶Ŀɿڴ
Ȼɫ⡭λ츳ǺޱȰ
ǰɽû˵ɫ֮˳ְ
˵ɫˣɫҲǲܵİ
ԭһױһ˿˿ϣڿϣ׵ı˰
һȺ˿ɫҲǳ׵Ϣˣ
˼ҶʤȻ˼пʱ
һ̣
˵Ŀһο׵ʱȴ˶ˣһȴɮ붨һǷء




3247  Ⱥ
 

ɫȷǺޱȣ
ɽСطɫЩңɼ
ʼ׼׵ļһ
ΪΨһĿҪԼǰſ˸׳Ƴ
ģöȻģ
ֻ࿴Ŷ׵ʱȴһûпʼǱ߷
˿ûʱȥעһ
ʱһʱһ϶ǹˣ
ȥֵڸʲôǲԪ񵤰ɣ
ģһΪһǸʲôţأԭǸţĻɫ
Ǹɽ˰ôղžȻ֧ĳ嶯أ
ʵڲУϽɣʡĶ۵ģ
һ˿ףҲߵŭ
˵Ӯˣǻɽţ
ɿײУ̵תǹڿʼˣ
ɹ˿أ
ЩһֱҲѹǳɲʲô
һߣ
볤Ϻͳ޵Ҳǽüͷ
ǿ׾ǱߴĿţҲǽѣ
볤ϣʦô˰
޿볤ϣ֪׷ʲô飡
볤Ͽ˹һĻҲƵĺܣ
֪׷ʲôͺˣ
볤Ϻܿ뵽һԣų޵ޣ㻹ǵ֮ǰƽʱ𣿡
ƽҵȻǵðʱʦǻָ볤𣿡
޿볤ϣ֪Ϊʲô볤ϻʱ⣡
Ӧûǵãʱƽɣ
볤΢΢һ̾Ԫ񵤣
볤ϣ˼ǡ
ƺҲʶ⣬ҲЩʵ
໳Ԫ񵤣ѧϰ
볤ϿųޣΨһĽҲˣ
ҡĲᰡ
ףҲǵǵ˵
Ҫ֪֮ǰԪʱҲѹ֣
Ԫ񵤾͸ӲҪˣһ뵽ߣҲǽŲѣ
ǡǿô찡볤ϣҪȻʦһ
޿볤ϣҲżæŵ˵
볤΢΢һ̾ڱ֮ǰԣκ˶Բֵģ
Ļǵͬףֱӻ˵ģ
ɡڲҲҲ̫ƽ˰ɣ
볤΢΢ҡͷֻܹˣ
ȣǵʲôʦ𣿡Щŭ
볤ϿЦһޣ֪飬ڳ˵ûκεİ취ֻܹ漣ĳˡ
漣
漣֮Գ֮Ϊ漣׳ֵ
Ǳ޲ߵӣһ˵Ҳǽͣ
ŶǱߣ
ҲüѣֻֻǿǰһУ
˼û˵ΪǸ֪˵ʲô
鵽ز֪˵ȴûκεİ취
ΪԼ黹ûнȥأ
˿̣
ǵĶų룬ʵǸ볤ϵһҲʲô漣Գ֣
ȻҲ֪漣ֵܳģ
Ķ˿̿ף֪ΪʲôѾһֱĸо
ֻûа취ȥףбܼ尾
˴ʱҲǿų룡
һФɽһվǱߣҲǹһЦһ￴ֻһţĻɫ
䵭һЦҩʦְҵΪʲôᱻأΪҩȷ쳣ѵ顣ǿ;ܹӮĻɽ֮ʤҲֺˣ
ǰǼһղԴǵӣһΪһʲôأڿ
ɽҲû˵ȥֻ˼ѾǷǳˣ
ٺһЦǸӮΣҩʹȵˣܻȥ
һССôҲܵеùҩʹȵġοܵȵҩʹȵˣǾ֮ˣ
һФʱǿһ޲ߵӣΨһĵҲǷˣ
ЦŵһﲻǵһСĿѣĿǾŶڡŶȣʲôأ
ǻȿⳡ˵ɣȨǿ֣
ɽҲΪͬĵͷЦеĿųеһУ
ֻ׵ڸʲôأ
ʵĸ볤˵һѹҲԪ񵤵ƣ
˿̵̻Ԫ񵤵ôأ
Ȼ˿ڸһ޴ɵһ㡭




3248  ڲͬҩ
 

ڣ
״˿ҲڸľţĻľϤĵָԼյͽܱ
׵ĳ֣ҲЦŵǲҪԪ񵤵Ʒ
ϣԪҶû˵ҲЩư
׿ŻϣҲЩε˵
ţղһҶˣҪҪϷƣԪϷֵ
ľȻ֪׻ڰ
׼ȻԼ϶Լģ

ⲻһдʣ
ڻľҪǸŮӣҪɣ
׿ŻľҡҡͷϣֻҪҵӦûģ
СŵľͷһܵǺŮӿ츳൱ɫСط޵˰
ľףҲü
СĪĨӣģ
ЦŵɫȻҿҲô¡ĻǸŮˣ
Сӻͦǿʱӿɾ͹ȥ˰
ľһεѵ׸Լ֮ǰĻЩ̫һ
ƶ˵ϣƺ˰ɣ
ãСƢҲǺܷģ
ľҲεҡҡͷʱҲǳ˵ߣ
ֻΪżѾһԵĻȥˣ
ʱ
ԼҲô˷ʱɣ
ϾԼһ
ľ΢΢һ̾СӻǺܾǿ
ҲҪСףˮ׼൱ġҲһͲ
濴ľҲǵ˵
˵棬Щ˰
ľ൱Ĳ죬˵Ĳףܷһ㣡
ǵľûз˭
Цŵ˵ԺڵȻȲˣһ𾳵ʦҪһʦȰɣҲǹģ
ľû˵˵ᣬ˵˵һô˵
Сû׼ƳƷԪأ
ʵҲûжģԪ񵤲Ԫ
ƵѶʵҲĴģ
ң׻ǵһƣѶȾ͸ˣ
Ҳ֪׼ȻҪľæƷԪӦûκεģ
˵ǼƷԪ񵤣һƳƷԪ񵤵ĻϷԺţԸģ
ľǲаˣһƾôţ棿
ԼǲŵģԪ񵤵ʱҲʮβƳƷԪ񵤡
һţһҲûƹһӾƳƷԪ񵤣
ĻһľǸˣ
ɻľôòܣƷԪ񵤶˵ȷС˼
ɶأǿ˰
ƲƲ˵ľСӵڻ˽ףûаյ飬ȥ
СͰǿҲκβҿǹģ
ľ׽Ӵһʱ䣬СӻԸ
ǲ䣡
κҪģ
༤
ⲻֱŮ˿
ľڵ׾ΪڸԼϾأ
΢΢ҡͷСԺ͵ŵţɣ
ᣬֻģ¹˭ֻǲһأ
ľǲа׶ȻǲЩģ
⣡
״˿̾ǻһ㣬ԭһҲǻĶ
˶Ҳʼֹ
˿̣
ĿһһԽеҩȫҩʦ׼ҩ֮У
ҩֻһͨҩԪӦǹˣ
һЩĵҩҩ»ֱըҲ˵أ
ȥһǲǸɵӰֱӽҩȫȥˣ
ǰǿλ˼Ҳŷһҩİ
ģǸɵȱⰡ
ˣɽҲѾ˶ѼˣҲںһ
һ˿ֱӽҩһԵȫȥˣҲǾ㵵˵
˿׶ı飬о׶Ƕһ㣡
ҲǸʲôԣ
ֻǵ˸ո֮ȴһ˼ǵĸǰ
ɫ𣡣
һ̽Ķ׸ǰİɫһҲ±Ƶĸо
ɫδŵĽడ
ǺͨʹİɫҲһãȻ
ǰһĻ˶ˣ
зʱ˭Ҵ⣿
˿ڵĻľʹİɫҲĿɿڴ
һʱ䣬˶Ŀⶨ׵ϡ




3249  ࣬ɣ
 

˿̣
ײĽԼעҩ֮УԭЩҩ֮仯ΪУ
ɫȻ˿ʲôŵ
ȴҲǲС
ͨ׵ӣüͷҲǽ
˵һѾЩˡ
ɫ
˵ʵҲǵһμȷ𵽵ûκεã
ڿȴҲǲСģ
ֻ⣬ΪʲôԪ񵤵ʱ򣬲·ƣ
ѲʵѾﵽ˵ľ
һţ
һУҪĽӡ֤ŵĻǺͨ˾ǿˣ
أ
ҩ֮У޴ҩİסܿЩҩľʿһ㣬ϵܽ⣡
һһɱ·һ㣡
׵ʶϵ̽Уټϻָ֮ЩҩɢҪҩһ㣡
ʱһһĹȥ
ʼձһ˿ݣȴݲȵӼǺͨôд֮磡
ʱʱ䣬Ѿǹȥʱ
ǱҲǽŵĿԼɫ֮󲻶ϵĽҩɢѹ
һſŰɫķĩһҲ
ԭһĵҩҲһһıѹʱĵҩȥֻƹСˣ
ƺǲ⣬ϵѹţȥ࣡
ĳһ̣
Ȼ֮䱬һ
ֵĳ֣ԭĵҩһ̷·Ƽһ㣡
ǿֻƹһСĵҩѾǺ֮
ɹˣ
ͨģҲ¶һ˿Ц⣡
һɽֻһĿģǾȷΪɽҩʦĻ᳤
ɹ֮оͿԿóԼҲΪ⣡
ͨţƳĵҩԲǷƷˣ
Ԫ񵤣ƱȽϵһ㣡
һƷЧǳֳαģ
ƳƷҩĻôϿȷڲ֮ˣ
ϾƷԪҪƳǲܵģ
ͨԼҲûаܹƳƷԪ񵤣
ʵϣ
ĺͨҲֻܹƳƷԪ񵤣ƵƷԪӦҪϲٵģ
ǼƷԪ񵤣ǲοԴģ
飡
ƺһҲǵҩˣڷԱߵˣǵЩʹ࣡
ɢҩ֮кںһƬ˶֪ʧܵĳ
Ÿˣ
ࡢߵļ˶ǳɹˣ
ԱߵĲѡ֮˼ȫʧܶգ
˻֮е֮⣬Ѿʳ¯ˣ
ʦãⵤҩ
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3251  ׵ĵҩ
 

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3252  û䣡
 

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3253  յ
 

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3254  
 

ش԰Ŷڵλã
˴˿̿ףҲһľֲѣ
ǸģסԼ۾Լһ㣡
һԵĻĶС˷ܵЦݣ
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ǰ壬Ҫ֪ҩʹȵĳţû뵽Ȼϡ֪ȥ˶ʤҲİ
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볤Ϻͳ޵ϢʱҲĿɿڴ
ش԰Ĺ㳡֮УʱҲǴһ˳ȺӢỹü




3255  Ҫ
 

ش԰ڣ
ҩʦ鳾䶨ֻҩʦ˵һεûɣ
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֪ʱǹȵĸĻʱ򻹲֪ôڻ᳤ĸǰأ
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ԽʼǵĹŨǵѪ֮У
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׿źͨҲ¶һ˿΢Ц
ȵݵģһԵĺͨҲЩԾ
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ͨɫЩѿͱ˵ӣҲЩΣ
˭һԼûɵĺأ
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ҪôͷĻȥԼҲİɣ
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ԭֵĳ棬˲һɱ֮




3256  ԮľŶ
 

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ھŶ˵ǽڽӵģ
һ㼸ڳ֮˶֪ģ˸֪ǣŶڸûʲô֣
ԭŶڵİ߽ںͷ罣ڣѾǵ
ŶڸƯں֮еһҹ·Եôį
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3257  ֺһŵ
 

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ͨ˿̸ԸӦкֵģΪô鿴³çʵϵˮ©
ʹӸղҩʱʵѾԼܵĳˣ
ͨԱߣλʦҲһȦĿŶף
ЩԹ۵Ŀ׾Ǳװ档
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ͷһлֻԼԽ͵˰Ҳ֪ʲô˼
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Ķһ˲ɫͨ죬صʱ̣Ȼߵ飡
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ʲôη壿Сڻĸо
Ķİɣִڣ㲻µģ
׸˻Ķһ϶񣬲֪Ϊʲôһ̻ĶȻоôİģ
֮ǰ׾ʱһְȫƺһ㣡
ֵģ㻹ǸӰԭǴʰģڼȻQˣǿɾ͹ֲñˣ
俴ףѾԸڸһϻˣ
նɱӣȻҩʹȵϹϵһȫô
㣿˵
׿ź䣬һİԵȻ˸оһĴĿģ
˵ĻҪεȵ




3258  ʲôţ
 

׺䶥һ㣡
׵Ļú䶼оһĴ㵣һȷڸԼ˵
ҶڵȻһڵˣ⻹⣬Ƕﰡ
ɫȻһԵһФɽδ˵
˹ؼʱ̣Ƿס
ԭһֻŶڣʵѾļƻ֮ˣ罣ں߽ڲ˳ƶΪѣ
Ǳ¶Լ뷨ǱɽһֱҪõľľ
ֻɽ֪䵽Ǵʲôط֪ľϢģ
ף㻹ҲҶ˼ҰȻڰش԰˵ǸҪ
俴ףɫҲʮֵѿ
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¾ǺͨҲ˵Ļɣ
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ôҲɽһŵȻһСŵ˵䣬ﶪоûţ
ڳ֮˸ҵڲ廰˲Ǻܶ࣡
еһﻹʲôҶڲҶڵģ
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˵ˣһɽǵҩʹУԶһĴڣ
һʵЩùĺܣӦþǴ˵еĳû֣
俴๪ԼǣֻǴ˳ֵıȽͻȻⲢҵȵļƻ֮а
ô˵˼Ҫ֪ߵغļһˣ
üź䣬ҲϹŲ֮ɫ
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׿ŻˣҲǳżЦŵ
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Ŀ԰ҾŶڶɹѹأԺҾŶڱڵλţ
忴ףʵԳ˹˳֮ˣ
ŶڳΪڵλǳ£ǾŶڣɽˣ
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Ķ˿̿ףȴһݵģ
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ֵĴԲѣڴ۷罣߽նɱӣƷʯӾŶ֮һĵ̡
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ʵ࿴ģźĻһФɽһѾʧԭڵĵط




3259  ն
 

ݣ
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ɽŵ֣Ȼʯƾģ
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һʱ䣬ش԰ھ




3260  伫ĺ
 

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˵Ŀһο׺ʱǵѾŲزסĿ־֮У
Ȼʼնûж֣˼һʦܵʵѾΪ֮ˣ
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֮ǰʤǰҩʦ˿ɽ֮ˣҲİ
룬ɽһλǿ֮䣬ȷҲǲ
˴˿Ѿǻ׵ķ˿һ㣬ǴԭĲмڵĴҲһ㲻ʱ䣡
ˣôʵ
ΣЩ鲻Ϊʵ߶ߵģ
׵󣡣
Ŷһ˴ʱҲסֻǻӶѾ촥Ĵˣ
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ҡҡͷ׼ȷ˵ʵǻûɼʦܣѾ̾Ϊֹˡʮ֮ڣնɱλŵǺҲɡ
ǰʵǻд֤λǰʵѾǺ˰
Ԭ忴ˣ¶һ˿ʵЦݣ
һǿ»о˰
ĿŲԶףҲǷһԼЩŵĸп
΢΢ҡͷûô򵥣
˵˼ǡЩ㵵ʵ
ĵͷҩʹȵ˻ߣοȻղնɱһФɽƥ򣬿ڱϾƵȺ֮Ļ¡
ǰǺĴóսĻǾʵǿĻҲѵֵ
ԬƺҲ뵽һ㣬ȻǴûϣϣˣ
ϣȥʮֵã
ȥһƴ£
ĴʱЩϣˣҲһϣûеˣ
һƴȥĲ
һƴˣǾôһˣôƴҶɽô꣬Ǳֵ֧Ų¼ʮǾŶΪжĺ
忴ģҲ
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ĶҲǺݺݵĵͷԬ˵ûƴǱȲƴҪϣĶ಻𣿸οִڣδûлᰡ
ֻˣ
ֻĿ֮ʵѾǲһ˿ζˣ
ƺļþŶ֮Σʱ̣ƴһս
Ѿվһ
ôһ뷨

£óȻĳȥʱû׼͹ˣ
ӲˣʱһФɽ˲ҲǲȻĿһЩ
룬κε飬ں浲һѲ

俴࣬ڵǽĹˣ
һԵĺͨڶ׺Ҳͬ˲СȤ
ԭЩΣϾʵ˵׾ҩʦˣҪæģ
δæڿ׵Ҳ̬ƽ
ʱζըˣôҲû뵽龹Ȼģ
ǸСӵôôã
£Ȼаְɹѹأ
ϽѲɻҪһŮްⲻɣ㻹ǳϢĺܡôˣĥҲܰЩ˸ĥɣ
ǰһ
Ȼһеİһ࣬Ȼָ׵ŭһţڽͳͳΧס
һ£
ˣֱӽش԰Χˮйͨ
Ҫ˶۸٣䣬Ϊھûкֲɣֱڳ
ŭһֻǾһҲûзӦĹֱ˭




3261  ս֮
 

ش԰ڣ
Ʋϵı仯ţԭҪһһģ
ԴնɱһФɽֱ֮ӷ뷨
ղһµĻһûзӦĹ
˶۸٣
Ҫ˶۸٣
ֻǺոΧףȴһĺ
׿ʲôֱֱģҲʵЩ֣
Ѳνֱɱﵣ
ĳֲɣ
ĳֵĻôѰ˰
׵Ļһ̶ǿ׵ߣҲҪνֱǺηʥ
һЩڴиǿһ!
ˣڿкֵǰˣ
к֣Ҳǿϲԣ
׻֮ԭλΪ϶һеĳֳ˵ĸǰ
û뵽ǣ˵֮ʮʱ䣬ȴûκεĶ
ʦ磬ֱĸ
鿴ףҲЩƵĿʵ
˵ĸСӿҪһأڵһСɣ
ԭҪñһȽ˧ĳֻû뵽һﾹȻͻƵĵڣ
Ҳûôɺϵ鰡
׵ĻҲΪһﱻˣˣ
ԭҪʡ飬ñȳɱ˵ģ
û뵽һﻹһأ
ߣһƣţɱ˭ɱһͣ
֮±·
Ҳ֪˿ҲǷģ
ǰ˼ĻȥĻʱҶڻʲôλԣ
˶۸٣챾ھͺúõĸҶڵһΣ
׵ѾǶһ޷潣
磬׳ֵĻᲢ࣬ԭҲǲš
ǱͻƣòʱԵȶˣ
ѲָԼɣ
ǱڵҪû£
һ˶ΪһҪὣϣû뵽һֱὣˣ
ĸǰһӰǷɶ˻һĳ׵ķɱȥ
ս
Ǻˣ
ʵԶԸǰ⼸ˣҲֻһˣ
˿̣
ࡢ鳽кµվǱߣ
ֻʱк֮г˰֮ɫ
Ҳ֪Ʊǿ
ǵĸߣǻҪɽȥĲ
ΨźܹΪԼĸױ
ԣ
ҪֺҲǲңǵǻҪҶںͺ˴ùϵ
һεնɱֵ֮ԺҶڱҩʹȵλˣ
࿴ź䣬Ҳǵ
˻棿
俴࣬Ҳ¶֮ɫ
ĳΪҩʹȵλŵĻһô
ͨź䵭˵Ҫϲˣ
лԺлԺ
ڳһ޴ϲ֮Уﻹóͨ˵Ǻûǻ
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ڼ֮ʣ׺ѾǳΧɱȺ֮У
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һ̣޴Ľ籩ϯش԰
ʱףһսһ㣬֮Բʮ֮ڣ˿Խ
׵ܣ޴Ľһ㣡
Ƚȴɵĺڶ˭ֻҪײµȽǱǱڶһ㣬Ӱ٣
ҶڵһǿߣغǱ׸նɱ߰˰ˣ
ܶǿߣƽʱߺģ׵һغ϶֧Ųˣ
ȻȺϵĳ׺ӿȥƺǲ֪ƣһ㣡
Ļ˿ȷ¾ĳҲĿɿڴ
ҶնɱǵĻĴҲǲҵģ
Ҫ֪ĿǰΪֹͻʶҶǿߣѾ˲°˰
ش԰ڣʬҰ
Ҷϵǿߣ޿ܳˣ
˵Ҷ˵һױȵĴˣ
ʦ磬ȥҲǰ취
˿ȻǸɾʮ㣬̫ˣ
ڲϵļӾ磡
֪׺ƴȫҪʱôҲǲ̫ܵģ
ʵ׺γ֪أ
״ʱҪߣѣ
ƺûܵĴ㣬ڼһᣬֱǼһͳˡ
˿̣
˿ѾЩǿ֮ĩ׺飬ǵҲ˷쳣
ȻҶʧأҪܹҩʹŴĻôٶҲֵõģ
ֻľŶڻ볤ϵɫѾ൱ѿˣ
ģҲǼս֮У
Щ˵Ǳˮнܿ죬ҲΧ֮У
ƵǣĶҲɱȺ֮УòС椵İΣ
ɱɱɱ
俴ųеӣҲǷĺ
ݣ
ֻǵ֮ʣһȻӰب˵ͷ֮ϣ
һ˻˻ԭսһ̶˳ƵĴϢ֮С




3262  ǿı
 

һҲǳ׵ķˣ
һЩţҲӲͷƤԼɳȥ
ûа취
Ҷھɽ죡
㲻պ˵ȥĻʱɽ涼ǲ̫ܵģ
ԹŻɽһ·
Ǿ뷨ֻܹĺӮˣ
ֻû뵽һССھȻܹô۶ӳ
ף
֮ǰֶû˵ˣһ̾ȻѾǽҶȥһ룡
źبǸǰЩʬ壬ȱ̹ǵģʵľս
λڵ˵ǿ
ǿ֮ˣҲǾ⳵սĵİɣ
׺鿴ȥģ˶ΪἴҪˣ
ֻǾһ̣һȻ˵ĸǰ
ޣ
֮вʲôֵ飬Ͼӣ塢ħؿҲʲôֵ飡
ֻɽ֮쳣ϡ٣ҵ޸ˣ

俴һ̣ҲһͷƤ飡
ͨŶģҲǳû뵽ɽȻڵıλСˣ
񡭡ô
һȾ磬ҲһЩĿɿڴ
ڣڶʤҲǶĴڰ
ο⻹һֻأ
Ҫ֪޵ķԭͱħҪǿܶ࣬ټǵǿᣡ
ԣͬȼ£ޱ֮Ҫռ̫̫ƣ
ͬڵ޺壬յĽԶ׼
Щ־ǣ޵սԱ֮Ҫǿ̫ˣ
ͿⱾ֪洢ܹأ
Ҳʿˮû뵽Ȼɳ˵ĵز
֪Ĵڣ
ͨűҲüͷ壬ΪҲûܹ㶨ǰı
Ժһֱڰش԰ĺɽ֮Уֻû뵽һξȻǰ棬ʵ˵ǿᡣ֮ǰҵȼʱӦûڵʵ
оԼ鶼ʮֵ֣
ĪֵףôҲû뵽һ˵ǿ
ɾΪԼҪ׵ʱһ޴ıˣ
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˵ƾһֻԴݻҶˣ
֮ͨǰֻôȽʵЩֲλҿǻСΪɣһҲֻķˣ
᳤۷ǿ߰ڵ޲ûа취ɣ
˿ҲһĿźͨ
ϮԼ˵Ļʱ򼴱ǺͨҲûκεģ
֪ͨԲܸҶնɱԼģ
һᣬо˺£
ͨЦһ۷岻ΪҩģҲЩɡڼһսĴһֵֻĹΪԺǱĶ֣ԺſߣǶ֣ôԺ¡
ͨ˵ҲʵʵǺһ㣡
۷ǿߣһ˻治Ķ֣
ǰλľͲһˣ
䣡
֮ʣǱѾǶˣ
ǵӴӰҶǰ˵ķɱȥʱ򣬺Ҳǰһڣ
һغϵĹһ֮Ѿ˼ʮˣ
⻹˶ÿĽڶһĻǿ˰˶Сˣ
ֲĹ
俴ԼµǰﾫӢһУҲڵѪ
ǱƺҪһ㣡
һ˸߹һ˵ĳ˿Ҳһۻң
ԭڵǷṥԼľŶǰˣ˿̿ű׷ҶڵǰڷɱҲһ±ƵĿң
׺˿̸һֵһ㣡
ΪΪʲô޴޶ǵɱΪʲô
ʱȥЩʧķĸоһŭݵĿŶıЩƵŭ
ͨҲЩֵĵͷƺʶһ㣬Щְ
ϲһҲ˵أһҲҰο˵
ֱȹɣ
׿űȳǿĹҲ¶һ˿΢ЦȻ󻺻ĳűЦŵ
ֻһԭѾǹ˾֮ɫһεĲ
Īλ費ɣ




3263  ǿͷ
 

৵һ£
˵Ŀⶼ׵ķ˹ȥ
⵽Ǹʲô
Ǻ䣬Ȼ׵裡
Ϊʲô
ΪһĸҪշ޵Ѷ֪֮
ϾǸūְ
ολ޵ʵ֮ϣӲ˵ˣ
ڿŵģҲЩҡڲ
ΪǰСӸĳʵ̫̫ˣ
ǣ磡
˿ʵĺ״˰ΪоԼûôˬ
ǻľ͵ҩԼĽ
һ̣ĵһθܵԼжɽٻεĿԣ
ʱ׾ǹĲڹˣ
οҲʲô˲˵ģֱӺˣ
󡭡磿⡭޾Ȼ磿ôأ
һ㵵ĿźͨӰѾǳźͨĺ˹ȥ
Ҷ˴٣ܹնɱˣʵҲνˣ
ڵǣ˷ǵնɱˣһҶڵʵʧ
úоһϢоϢ
Լıֻܹѹͨˡ
ͨŶףҲЦŵ᳤ֻеԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬ˼ҿ黹ǺƽıȽϺð
Ŷƽ
׿źͨȻղŴûƫԼҲûмӺԼ
δı棡
˼ܹˣʵѾǷǳĲˣ
ԣ׶ںͨʵû̫໵ĸоҪԼصǸ˺ǰˣ
˿Ǻͨնɱף
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ο׵ڻһɱɱǱ
ҪǴĻʱ¹˭ֻδ֪أ
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ǸŭԣһǸһʱԼܹ뿪ɽҲǺ֪ģ
״ʱȻ᳤ͨ٩٩̸Ҳѵ
ˣһĸҶĻǿɾ͹ֲˣ
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ǳɽѾǳΪɽͷ˰
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˿̿ԼλϣҲǵɴ۾źͨ
ͨЦһԺɲΪ䣬ΪɽΪɽҩʦεĻ᳤Ѳֻ۸ˣͲԴϣòƽԼɱ
ҡ
ں޲ҸطȥоԼ˶ˣ
׿ź䵭˵ЩʱԼҲҪЩνһһ˳ڣǱڽձһ
ף㻹ǺÿĿȻҪñڹ˳㣿ֱǻ֮
׵ĻҲǳ׵ıˣ
Ϊɽĵһˣôܽܵʵأ
ʵϣ
ֺγҪ˳Լ
ô˵ǲ˳ˣǱڵѣǱǱڵĵˣ
׿ź䣬Ҳ¶һ˿Цݣ
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֪Ҫշˣ˸ô֮⣬Ҫǿ𺳣
׵Ĵ壬Ȼڸô
Ȼ֮ǰѾչʾ˼ǿЩڹ˵к壿
Ц˼ȷűСֵܵĺܣʲôñڷ㣿
˿ҲҩʹȵˣﵹҪ˭Ҷ
ͨɽ֮£
᳤ҶڸղѾǹ˳ҩʹȣұˣ
ڸоֻҪܹ״ˬ飬Ըģ

˭Ҳû뵽ܹҶڸŪ⸱ģ
˭Ҳû뵽Ϊ׿϶ҪŪʱ򣬶ʤݵĳҩʹȾȻһţ
ڻеҸ
˵Ŀһ̽Ķף
ɱߣبɱ֮Ҫڣɱڡ챾ǷǱǴԼ
һ̤Ķ࣡
˽û뵽һȻԥı˵һ




3264  ҩʹȣû
 

ҩʹΣ
׵УҪʲôǱʲô
ʲôҩʹȲҩʹȵģԼҪӵʱ͸ʱʲô
˿ǻ
ôҲû뵽һﾹȻ˵Ĳҩʹȵӣ
һԺͨҲڵҩʹڶʤǿǷǳţŰ
ʤ˭ҩʹȼֱ棿
ʤݶʤѧԺĸԺҲǲģ
֪ҩʹڶʤݵĺжǿˣ
ʵϣ
ֺͨγ֪ҩʦҩʹȵأ
ԣ֮ǰ׺ȤɰҲֻܹĿɽҶڹˣ
ֻһεıݺݵĴˣ
ͨڵʵѾǿԳΪɽ伶ˣ
Ҫڿɫɱ˺Ҳν顣
ǺͨôҲû뵽ȻΪǿͷ
û뵽λڵȻؾôĸɴ࣡

һ̣ͨоԼǰǸʲô
ֵģ㻹ְԿҩʹȵ˵Ǹʲô³
˿̿ףоױ֪ηˣ
һû˵ҩʹȵͷ

ʱҲǿһ£ǰвǺл
׸ոתǬҶڳĽ£ǵ˶ʤݵλţǿϵԼ˰
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Ϊо׸֪ҩʹȵ
£׶ڻ壬ǱȽϵصġ
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־ҿǻ뿪жɣ
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ں˵ֻлŲлᰡ
൭˵ǺðɣȻضʤ˵ɣֵģԺлˣ
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ҲЦһ˿ûиκεӣ
ɱŮˣ
ײûֻʱûг죡
նɱ䣬Ѿļƻ֮ˡ
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οʵҲһ˿Աģ
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㡭ûǣߣ
౻˵ЩƿԣҲһ
ɽ֮ڴӽɽžΪڹϽ֮ءԺɽűҶڵأҶ䣬ն֮
׵Ļ˵˶ǵһ
඼˵ˣȻôšͣ
ƾʲôʲô͸ҩʹȵ˶Կأ
һϵе˲˵Ժ֮γɣ

㻹ǸĻɫﵹҪǲ£
Ҳǳ׵ı׵ŭˣҲŭһ
飬ɱ
׵缫ĺһı䣬ëȻ
ԥһһѾʧ׵ĸǰ
쳤ϣܳϣ˲ҩʹȷУó˵仰
һϯԭΪҪصҲǾ㵲ѣ




3265  ʾǿ
 

벶ȸں
ͨλ쳤Ϻܳϳһ̣ɫ˲
һԭΪԼɽΣ
û뵽ҩʹȵ˾Ȼлֳ
Ҳǳ׵סˣ
ⲻԲԼ
졢ܳǾȻߣ
ͨͻȻֵˣҲĨһ˿Ц֮ɫ
ͨ㣬ǼСɽһû뵽СȻ첻ף᳤ʧ͸
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ܳҲЦһҷ֮С㣬쳤ϲͬжȻ᳤û£ܲܿű۸ǼСɣ
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ͨҲǳ׵ŭˣԼһֳô
Ȼ̫Ǿ˳ҩʦˣһҲ࣬һҲ١ǾͲ̧ͷͷˣ
쿴źͨҲǿЦ
˳ҩʦ᣿
ͨûҩʦ᲻һͷ⣡
Ҫ֪ҩʦڲԴǷǳķḻģ
ҩʦˣûʸӵЩԴģ
˵ģܶҩķǳϡȱ
ҪΪΪǿҩʦҩȻǱزٵģ
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ͨһֱԸôԭʵˣѲ̰ʲôȨô
ͨһҩʦҲҩʹȵأԺȥֲҩʹȵ
쳤ϡܳϣɽҶڵͶҩʹ֮ģʽͶҩʹȣû뵽ֵİٰӣҩʹȷУλΪҩʹ
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ǾɽҪĵطȥţ
ֻԼҲû뵽ɽԼСȻ˶۶ӣ
һССɽҩʦֻĻ᳤ȻҲܹߣ
֪Ҳڣ˿ĵ
Ϊǿҩʹȵǿ֮һʾĳ֣
ͨղôĺǳ⣬ʵҪһףҪɣ
ҩʹȵҲ߯۸˰
Цһͨ˸㻹Щ˵Ĺϵô˵ͨ籨أ
ЦԺһμ棬ֺϵһ˵˵ˣͻʾҲʲôܰɣ˵أ
ͨɨһ죬ţʵǿҲҸԼֵģ
ϾͨıҲʲô֮
ʤѧԺڶʤݵӰҲǾ˵ģ
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쿴źͨмתͷһߵס
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ʾǿߣ
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˵ĸǰʲôĻôʾǾͲһˣ
缶
ʵֳαˣ
׾ôˣȻԸ
СӣҲǲ֮ˣ¸ǼСǸϾһ
Цݿף֮еһţȫʵ֧ţ
һʱ䣬еĿⶼۼ׵ϣ
λʾĳǿߣô᣿




3266  ľİ취
 

ģ
׵ɫΪѿҲ޿ܵ˵ܴģ
鿴ףʦ磬һȷǺô죿
һǶȥӦ
׿飬鲻۷ʵ
ʾǿߣ
˵Ƕֵģ
׾ã棬ֻԼĸ
ԥĵͷǣʦ磬Сģ
ʱ鲻һһĺǷǳ侲ģ
һԵıףԥһԱǸ۷ļһҿԶԸǸʾǿҴ򲻹
ȷ
ıԼ޵һĴڣ
ֻһʾĲΣһˡ
׳סܵļһǸʾ֮ˣ
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˿̿ףҲЩĿɿڴӡ
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׵ȷûκεİգΪϾŸոͻƵڵĲΡ
ҪսʾǿߣǼֱѻʯ
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ʾϾǸ߳һ磬һСΣ
οǾĵƣ˵û̫ôҲüѣ
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ڣ
Ѿ֪棬ֻʱ濴ȥҲǱȽϵ࣡
ʾǿߣٶڵ˵Ѷȼ
ڴҲǳףôҿ磬ҿûٿˣڿǻ֮壡
ҲһεĿףɽʱԣ
ڵ磬Ҳǲܵˡ
ǽѲҪˣ
ҲһƵĿ棬û뵽ɽȻʾǿߣ
˵ʵǱȽСĵˣû뵽ǳ˲ӣ
ͺñһȺСѧܣͻȻһѧǼֱǺһĴڰ
²ҲѲƤ
濴ףҲ΢΢ҡͷ
һԵĻľ׵СѾ֪棿Ѳһľһ㶼һ£
ϣа취
һ涼ûа취û뵽ϾȻа취
һʱ䣡
׸оԼЩϲ⣬ջ񰡣
ΪڣʱǳĴҲż
Ͼֻݼŵļӣһʱҵʱ
ײִ֮䣬ҲֻнԼѹˣ
ԭĻ׵ȷǵǵĺܣŻľĻԻȲξԲܵϷԼģ
ЩŵĿŻľ˵ϻҶûа취а취㲻Ǹⴵذɣ˵ˣ⡭
ôˣ˵ᣬҲ̫˰ɣûа취ûа취𣿡
ľɴ۾棬Ⱥ¶ݵ̬˿ҲЩЦԷǵģ
ȲΣҲֻһЩΪǿˣŻ̬ɣ
һССҩʦڻľĸǰȤ᲻ˣ
ϻа취ûа취Ҳ߾ˣ
ҲЩȷĿŻľһﵽʲô취
һ㶼ŵԭܹߵ
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ľһ׵ףȷа취ֻܹ
ֻʲô
׼ææĿŻľʵ
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׿ŻľʵȻûİ취ˣ
СӵǴĺܡȻˣȻа취ֱߣҲȫԲ
ľҲЦҲ֪ԼĵҩȻܹ׵ʵһߣʱ׸ˣ
濴׵ףɵÿˣ˲ʵĵҩ͸֧һĴʱҲﲻˣ
֪
׺γ֪ȵҩãɽûôùĵҩ
ͷʺ̵ˣ
Ǿô뿪ˣķ
ܿ죬ױ˾ϣҲܾô·ģȻлᣬôҲòһѣ
СӣȻûп㣡
ľ֮ƺҲǴһ˿սԸȻ׼ѡҲûκεİ취
һ˲䣡
׵ѾǶһŻɫĵҩ׵ɢžȵ
ͬʱ
ش԰㳡֮У׵۾Ҳһεֻһ֮ȼս⣡




3267  սʾǿ
 

ش԰ڣ
쿴Ǳ߷㶵ףż
Ϊһʾǿߣôһʱ䶼ȴ˵ĻôĲ֮Ϊʾĸ֣
ȲεĴڣ˵ɽڶʤǿҲǺߵˣ
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˿̣
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Ҳֻڶʤݵĳ޲֪쵽Ƕô
޴ʱôͦף֪Լõ
Ҳ̸ģ˵̫ŽҪҩʹȰ󶼲׵һ飡
үүףҲǸʵѣ
֪ԼȥҲ޼£ֻܹܹдˣ
˭Ҳ֪ڵôģ
һӦһΪģǱӦǳ׵ˡ
ĻôվǱһɵһĲ˵أ
ʾǿߣ
⼸֣¾ܹɽ֮СȶҲˡ
˵Ϊ㲻˵ˣٸһλᣬ»
쿴ĶҲüѣ
һﵽʱȻ˵Ӳ˾ǲ
ķŹһԺҩʹȵһҲ˵أ
쳤ǰɣ
׿죬ҲǽıЩշ
˿̣
˭Ҳ֪ЩʲôҲһãȻ
ǣ쳤Ҳ㺰ģǲ֪νϽ£
࿴зļԲ鷢ġ
£˵һҩʹĵףҩʹȵҪñ¹Ҳûʸ񣡡
׿֮࣬ðһɱɱ⣡
ŮһٶƢٺãҲɱȻ
౻Ⱥ˵ŵҲһˣ
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쿴ףҲ΢΢һ̾
СӵȷǷǳĲð
ʵֵĻƾǱĻܳҲ޿κεģ
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˵
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˲䣡
ǵɫĽķһըѣȻ׵ķɱȥ
ԣһֱʯƾ죡
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ʵֻҪһѣһսĻǷסģ
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ߣһ
쿴׸ǰҲ֮ðһ˿⡣
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ǾҪûбˣ
׿죬ҲǷһ˿мЦ
ղűϵȷС㣬һͲôˣ
쿴ǳҲһŭ
أ
һ˲䣡
ռоһҵ𵴣һɹǿ·ָһ˷۶
ʾǿߵһ˳
ͨ˿̿ģҲЩֵĶ׵ķ⡭Ӧǿɱ֮һҶն
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˵ĸǰһŮɢһľ󣡣
һ޵ͷҶ״ɫ״Ľɢռ֮У
ǵȿķ羰֮£ȴ޾ɱ
һҲǽüͷΪҲǸоһ˿ͬѰϢ

ĳһȻȵͬʱӰƺҲûЩͷҶ֮У
һʱ䣬˶ףҪյĽΣ




3268  ܴ
 

Ҷն
Ƚһ㣬˸оһޱȣ
׿ȱ޿ɱܵĽԭķɢ˲ںϵһҲǾĪ
Ȼ֮䣡
뵽һķӣ
һ뵽ߣ˶ʱˬ

ǰĴڣ˵乥Σ
͵Ѿ൱ľˣ
ҶնȻֲ˹ȴһᣬǾ֮һл
ֻҪٵһ̣Ȼֳȹȫ
ֻҪƺʱż˻ɣһʱҲǺѻɵϵģ
˭ܹ֪ܹأ
ΪҪǣڿӵλ綥ǿߵĴڣ
ǵʵȻһ㣬ʶȴ쳣ǿ
һЩö췢ʵҲǺ׵飡
˵ɾ͸ɣ
˿̣
֮Ĩһ˿֮ɫղŵһ֮Ҳǳ׵ŭˣ
һȻҲǽսķΧǿɾҪ̫̫ˣ
޿ɱܣ
һ׾ͨı£ҪҲǲܵģ
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ȻԼүүȴҲǼΪһˣ
࿴ʦֵӣ֮ҲĨһ˿İȻ֮ɫ쳤ǿҩʹսǿ֮һˣɽһСӻΪԼǸʲôأ
˵ˣСĻͦġ
ʦȻ϶ײмһˣΪǵĳһ
Ҳòֵļһ
ʦ˵֮Ҳ͵͵һࡣ
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ʦֺ໰δ֮ʣһ޴ĺ֮˵ĶУ
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׵Ӱһεı׽ˣ
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ܳʱ죬ҲСġ
ɫѾǱˣɻܳһģһ
СӸԼĸоûԼǿᣬ಻ֹһεĸо
ܾʲôԾĵطֲ֪
СйŹְ
ܳͷǰ쳤ϣҿ˵ز˾ɽ޿ܳҿıһڳʱӦôӳ飡
ʵܳϣڱϻʲô·𣿡
⡭
ܳҲЩΣȷЩﻢ£
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ܾ⣬ӦƷŪúпǼƷ
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СеĶǼƷĻľţˣ
ˣˡȻϲ㣬ҾֱӸսҿܾܲȵˣ
ֲһǿĻôԼҶնأ
ο˼Ѿնɱˣ
ѾǶɢϢˣ
ݣ
Ŀ֮£һεὣУ
һֱӳ׵߾ŰɱȥҲνĸַ緶ˡ




3269  Ѫ
 

˿̣
׿ɱŨɱ֪սʼˣ
ȻղɾɱУ
սĻܲһֱ֮еһͷڹɣ
ַ򲻵ѵʱԲõģ
ĻȻԼʱԵĿԶһ٣ȴ룡
ⲻϣģΪô߲֮˵Ĺע
Ǳm˶ϵĻ鷳¾ͻԽԽˡ
ݣ
һŵҩѾǽ׵У
Ѫ񵤣
ǻľϸ׵ɱﵣղŻʵҲ޵Ѿ˵ˣ
ⵤҩʱЧԲǺǿ
սپ
ľʵԼҲûܹˣ
Ҫսپôأ
׵ʵ̷Ѫ񵤣ʱԼʵѸٵ
ҪڵĲο羳սʾڵǿߣҲǲܵģ
ԭνѪͬȼĽܹȲʤȯģ
ǸһСΣ˵սڣҲһĻʤʵģ
أ
ɲսڣսʾڰ
ȴ׵ڣǿǱ֮һڶҪǿܶĴڣ
ԣ̷Ѫ֮󵽵ܹʲôΣûڴģ
֨
ԭһ·ɱѾǼִ׵ĸǰ̷öҩ֮ܵסˣ
һ˲䣡
ԭ峺͸۾ɺޱȣһ˿񱩵Ϣ棡
⡭ʲôҩһƺڶʱһֹ
Ҳҩʹȵˣһĵҩ֪ܲأ
Ǹղóöҩһ㶼֪ˣ
һԵܳȻʵ죬ҩȴ֮Ҫ߳һΣ
ܳһϲЩȽϹŹֵĵҩ
ʱ̷ܳöҩҲʧӡȻѪ񵤣һôѪأ
ѪǸʲô
ԭ֮ɫѾǵȡ֮һã֮ɫ
֮ǰСѾǱȽϵĹŹˣڸӵĹŹ˲ò
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ʵҲ˵ʱսĵҩѪȷû˵
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֪ܳ뷨쳤ϣ˻ǽش԰֮˿¶նݳˣ
ܳϣĵЩˡҲ²һӦǵõʲôܲأĻôСطôͻȻQһأ
쿴ܳ˴С֣Ҳֱ˵Լ뷨
ܳһ㶣漴ȻʧЦ쳤ϹȻһﾪˣĳûⷽȥ룬ϸһ£Ǻеİ쳤ϴΣ
κζʱʵĵҩӦö׶˰ɣ
쿴ܳҲǳʵ
ܳһ㶣漴ͷѪȻѵãҼֵʱȽϳһЩݼҲһҵʱ䣡ֻҪϹһʱ䣬һˣ
һʱ䣿Ǻǣһʵ̷Ѫ񵤣ΪҵĶˣϾʲôʵ
ЦһѾǳ˳ȥ
˽Ѫ֮ҲǶһεսһŵ˽⣡
Ǽһʵڶѣ
ķνѪΣ
ʾԼѡˣǿСʵЩŹ֣նɱˣ
ͻȻ֮ͣסȴҲǸһʱ䣡
ʱڴӿԼڣȷҪһӦĹ̡
˿̣
ֳ޷潣Ŀ֮͸һɺս֮⣡
ǿһ˿֮ԵΪľ͡
Ҫ׵ʵҲǲܵģ
쳯ԼɱҲǺԥὣС
ֻش԰һ̶Ѿǳ׵±ˡ




3270  ɱ
 

ش԰ڣ
еĿһ̶ǽĶŶף
ͻȻ֮ðˣɽ޾𺳣
ɽƺҲû˵˭Կʤݵĳǿߣ
οһǿʾǿߣ
νʾǿߣ
ǿ߸ϵ綥˵ﰡ
ȣʵ񽫾ǵ͵ȶѣѾеˣ
ɽҲֻкǿгʸɣ
ĵȼƶȾͿԿóǿ˵Ƕôѣ
ײּı̬ѣ
Ҳֻɹ֮ˣܹ˶ݵʱڳɹ
ټӵŻ֮ȷ˼ʣ
Ҳ̵ܹʱʱ֮һοıڳԭĳǿ֮⣡
ӵľʦİ
Ҳɽһϸµһ̡
ֻһ֪˲֪˵Уױ·һĴڣ
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ǿڶʤĳǿǰҲǸһô
˼أ
˵ǿУ˼Ҳ޷ˣֶβ
ˣ̵ʱھۼģ
һսսʤ֮ԺɽҲûκ˸׵ĸǰˣ
һս
֪شˣҲܺˣ
ѣôõĻԼĸǰյĻЩϧˣ
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׵ϱŷһɿ֮ȻѷһƺҲǺԶˣ
ο׻һѹ׵Ļ
ŷұΪһ񼶱ĺʽֹ˵˵ѣ
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׵ŭһԭҪֱԼǿѧһ
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ʹĺʽɽĲ֮ģ
ʵϣ
Ϊ̷Ѫ񵤵ĻһʹóҲЩѵģ
ǿһһЩģ

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·ش԰һּҪĸо
ʽÿһʽӳʱ˾ֲѣ
Ǵ˿жǿڴ˵ĻǾͻᷢ⹦ڵŷұѲ˸ϵˣ
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쿴ӣʲôϡģЦһȭȣҲڱʵǰ㣿
ӰˣλûĻӰ
ÿһӰ·һ㣬˸ʶ
ݺǧһնݣ
ʾǿߵĽɽ֮˸о޾ľ
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תŲ
׵Ӱڿк֣׽
ĽڿҲ˽һ㣬ϵسˢ
ۣ
֮УһѪˮ˭Ҳǿ˭ˣ
ഫǽײ
飡
һҲǷ˼ãƴȫٿΪڵĽ
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ȳǿߣҲǲȫĵֵסĽ
ʱ
ҲǷˣ
ڵ鿴׵ǰһĿѪģľҲǽͣ
ֹȥĻ鶼һΪ׵ĳ嶯ˣ
޴Ĵʹȫ飬Ȼһ̣һȴҲѾļᣡ

ĿѾ˵֮ʱȻܵһɼΪǿĽ϶£ˮкһ㣡
ͬʱ
һֱӽƬռס̺һ˿֮֮ԭԵһӳˣ
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һھڸ֮ǰҲ¶һΪľ칥Լ
ΪֻʵʵڵĹܹķɾ裡
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׹䣡
ֱӳͷ¾
ǲŵ¶һ˿ЦݣֻЦݵıҲǴһ˿Ĳң




3271  ʾ
 

㳡
ԭΪԼ϶ǿԶ׵ĹģΪоһĹȻӽԼˮ׼
ٶȻԵһЩ
ֹУ
ǿǵʯ֮ģ֮һԥʱҲܹʤģ
ȻЩһʵǾһĽЩ˷룡
վ署Ļʵǽٺãû㹻ʵ֧ôأ
쿴Ŵͷ֮ϷֱµĽʶ׼ܣ
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ԸоһֶٴУָоȻ΢
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ղһಢжôա
ο˵ҩʹеǵҩܵôأ
ҪӣŵܹԼʹʹף
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С㣬쳤ǻ쳤ϵĻ뿪ɣɽʲôʱпڹʰһҲٰ
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ҲǶֻԼȴ˼˵ĸܶеŭ
쳤϶˳ ȻΪԼǵС˼
Ϊ˵ĵŮĻܳ˿¶ȥ椵ˣ
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ҩʹȵ뿪䳹׵±ˣ
ҪԼĽడ
ĺоǽ첻Ӧеصزˣ
ͬʱ
ش԰ڣ˿׵ĿѾԭĳм˳ݡˡ




3272  һ
 


ҩʹ֮ȥһȴǱߣ
ǱǺͨ
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һʼͨûлл
ʵ̫̫ˣ
ͨǿ߶оܵĵز
ΪʤѧԺĸԺôҲû뵽׻˵ʵ
Ȼ̷νѪ񵤣ɾˣʵúͨ۷ˣ
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ʵǿᣬ޵У
ˣʲô֮
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񷢹⣡
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˿̣
ͨһ󵨵ľҲ֮Ϊȷһ
Ǿ֧ףΪṩһпܵİ
һߣ
ŶǱҲǻȸԾ塢ĵ˴˿Ѿǳ׵ɵˣ
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ǿ˲ףҲǼ֣
ףǾŶڽҶڵĽˣ
ΪףǱס˾ŶôĻҵͬʱҲԭƿ֣
ĶʱҴҵܵ׵ĸǰص˫Ҳֱ
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Ķϲˮһʹˡ
׿ŻĶӣҲǻһ£һ˲ΪˮڹԼһ㣡
Ŀ֮дһ˿֮ɫûµģֻһЩƤ˶ѣ
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忴׹л֮ҾŶԺǰ䣬˵ǲ
幪׵̬ѾǷŵˣ
նɱһФɽ֮Ѿ˺ܶ࣡
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ԭָҩʹȾȻʱ̷ԼȶúмΪʧ䣡
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Ʋԣǵһ֧׶ûˣ
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˿̣
ɽĿⶼƲԵϣ
ֻܶ˶ƲԶһĲмǲˣȴҲĳͷǣ




3273  ƵƲ
 

Ŀ
ɽѾ޿ĵһˣ
֮֮ǰ仹Ҫǿ᲻֪١
Ҫ֪˵׾ɽжѣȴһ
һ״ĿǶʤҩʹȵ
ˣѾǳɽĲˡ
ʵо
ʵﵽĪĵزʱ򣬱˳𾴺ͳݣܹʣʲôأ
Ʋԣ
ƽ
ΪҪǣƲԵƽʱ䲢Ǻ̳ܳ׵֮λһ
ʵƽڱ֮ŶڻҪѷһƽһܱĽɫ
ֻһƲͻȻվҲЩƲѣ
ΪʲôƲҪô
ܶ˵жǳɻĸо
ʵϣ
ƲֲɵӣôȾٶأ
Ϊһʱ䱣ˣƲ֪ܱĵ
ʲôܹ˲
ף
λͻȻðƲԵǰһ
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Ȼ˵ĻƲԵֱӱһܱһЩ治
֮ǰ˿ƲԵʱ򣬱ϻһ
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ѡɽҩʦ᳤ʱע⵽һĨţ
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ƲջǿˣλȻǰԵޱȣ
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ƲԵӾ˺ܴĳ
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ƲԿף̹̫ˣƲԳޣʵǳϻ̳Ͽְ
ԺűڰɣƽڣʱһڣΪΣ
׿ƲԣҲû̫ķϻ
˵˼ǡƲȻҲסˡ
׵˵ƽ֣ӴԺûˡΪڳϣΪΣ
ûûˣ
Ʋû뵽Լö˶˵ֱܹӴƽڵĳϣ
û뵽ǣƽôĸôûˣ
˭ܹõأ
ƲԵɫѿ˼㣬˿Ȼһĳ嶯
Լⲻô
ö˶˵ĴŶãԼȴƫƫܳԼŻһ
ƵǣԼһ֮νĳϣ
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׿ƲԣҲ΢΢һЦʵ
Ʋһķ࣬ƵҡҡͷûûУƽڵңƽڵң
Ȼô˵˭ҲóƲԵɫЩѿ
һָָ㣬˿̵ȴһεЦ
ЦݣƲһĸо
ѲɽԼûпô




3274  ӵõĸо
 

ش԰ڣ
˶ǶƲԿȥͷ񣬼˵϶¶һ󳰷֮ɫ
һﻹǻѡҲ֪λʲôԸͳˣ
ں˰ɣ
ŸˣܶҺûôĳ嶯
Ļһ仰ܹŸһ
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ƲԻǺЦĺܰΪԼQܹõʲôôˣ
Ҳʲôʡ͵ĵư
ǰԺǿҲСһЩˣƲ³Ҳ࣡
Ժɽ˰
һȺ۷׷ףǿƲԶһֲм顣
ʵϣ
Ǹûվ֧ףȴ׵ĸǰõô
νĺ۲ˣ
ڿƲ㣬˵ҲǷǳĿġ
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˴˿ҲǾ㵲ѣôҲû뵽ƲȻ˵³
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ǲ֪׵Щʲô˵ƲԸߵͶʵǶĿǰ֧֣
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Ľκ˿¶û뵽ģ
˿̣
װȺ룬Ʋ˵׵ԱߣΪĲѣ
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۷׷׵ʱһεĿһԵƲԵ
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ڵʵɣûͷûԵһ䡣
ƲᣬܹѾ൱ˡ
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Ʋ֪׵ǰһоԵЩ΢ˡ
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׵ĸǰʲôʱ
ʵԣ뱾ڵҪвСĲࡣ׵˵
ƲһȫԸȡﵽ˵Ҫ󣡡
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ϣƲԳϾʱͲҪɱˣרǣ
׿ƲԣϹһ˿Ц
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Ϊͻ൱ѣ˵ˣ֪Ҫʲôʱأ
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ûĵҩӳ֣ƾԼȥͻƣǼûпԵģ
ƲԳ˿űǺ˼׿ƲҲ֪ʵʵ
ƲҧҧˣƲ츳һ㣬ҪѶȼ󡣸οƲָ
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ǿǵ߳ĳҩʦеĺöǲ֣
ԭҲǲ֪ģԴӻóѪ֮Ҳѯʹ
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ҪȻľѾǻˣôô˵Ҫʵأ
ֻǴ˿̣
ʹͣһǿˣ
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˵ģ˵Ǳһϡ֮
Ҫ֪ǿӵ൱ĸܹһλ۷ǿͻİ
ʱ
ԭƲһͬˣҲͬĽǼˣ
ȷתǶƲԶЩӦ




3275  ۵Ʋ
 


ش԰ڷһ֮̾
ʾƷһ
һ¶ڳЩνĶ
˵ģԼòҲǿԻȡԴģ
ⶫֻҪõȥڶʤҲϡ
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ش԰ڵǰˣһض㣬Ӷˡ
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ɱɱ
һȥȻӴȺ֮˳ڹź˸һ
俴Ǹ߳ӣҲָǸ˻²ѣ




3276 
 

ǽƣ
Ѳɲ֪Ȼ֪
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Ϊʲôӣ
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źǼѵӣΪ׶ӵĺ鳽Ҳ̲סˡ
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ں鳽еһжԼɵġ
鳽и֪Ǻǳ׵군ˣ¾׸֮գ
ΪҶڵ鳽ܲûںͺ
֪ԼôûôҲ޼ˣ
Ǻ鳽Ǻ䣬ǿԽʵȴܲ˺Ϊ
ſŶĺ鳽ҲЦһĹΣ鳽׵ĶӵȻô˵ˡЩΪҶƴɱôأ
̾һڻƽû뵽󻹱۸һ£ǿɱ̾
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ҲŽ˳ȥŵʵ֮鳽Ҫ߳һЩдϵġ
˺ܿսһֻúܶ˾ֵǣȻǿֵĿһ㣬˿ûжֵĴ㣡
˵ʱӦҪնɱ估䵳ˡ
ɾÿôΪʱƺǱ߿źŶ鳽ƺЩ˼ģ
ڳÿһעĶ׵Ķ̬뷨
ϾڵײǾһؼҲҪ󵽵ôģ
ײ֣ҲסκεĶ
ˣҶɽǱǹˡ
ƲԿףҲǹ
׿ƲԣȻֿ˿ĺ䣬µʵƲԳϣΪΣ
¶ԺӴ٣һҶڴһСŪɽһţӦӹɵġֻ
ƲҲʵʵ˵ûг֮ǰǿɽͷﰡ
ţ֪ˡ
׵Ĩһ˿޵Ц⣬˭Ҳ֪ʲô
һԵƲüѣѲ˲Ҫնɱ䣿
ĻѱԺһ᲻ᷴˮ
νһɽݶ
ƲԿ̱ȭǧ֮ܶİ˲ް֮գ
Ȼ֪Ｋط
˵ǲֻ̲ѾƮ鳽Žս֮

Ʋ˵֮ʣͺɱһĺ鳽ѾǴһ᧿Σ״̬
俴ԼĶӣҲǷܲŭһ˳ȥ
ֻǺնͱɽλŵסˣ
һ̣֪жҪúʬ׸ǰͶ״أ
Ŵʱź䱻סҲĨһ˿˵Ц鳽û뵽Ҳн죬
鳽ǽԼĶͷ˶ʱҲı۾
һ̣ˣ
ʱԼӵģҲǷҪȥԼĶӡ
ôţѾǲˣ
Ŀѣ
һȻ
ֻǾںͺ鳽֮ʣһ᳤Ľֱӳź鳽ڵķ򼲳۶ȥ




3277  ˳
 

˻
䶸
ҲԶһǶ㲻ΪʲôʱͻȻ־˺鳽
Ҫ֪鳽Ǻ֮Ӱ
ʵ˸㲻˿ҲĿɿڴĿŶף
֪ôΪʲô
֡
ſףϳεЦݣ
ʵϣ
žһǽͷݼ
ûʧ֮ǰһֱǰǰ֣
ɿҩʹȵ˶˺䣬֪һ̴ȥˣ
ɲȻľˣ常أ
常֮ѡĻǺԥѡ˺ߣ
ټ֮ǰƲԵͶȻôĺô
Ӽᶨ˺űѺģԲ˸ղôһ
Ϊһξܹ߿Լһ۵ģֻû뵽ԼҪնɱ鳽ʱȴֱӱֹˣ
һ̣
Ҳŵû겻壬һ񣬺һķ
ʲôȻ־˺Ķӣ
Ī⣬˭ܹ͸뷨أ
ҹҪնɱͺ鳽
ţ˵ҲǣǺŴҪȷ๼Ƿǳʵģ
һ˿ףҲ۷׷ף
ſףҲ̹µºţ֮ǰһֱܺȼɱΣĳͶ
£
׿źţҲǲ̲˵һ䣬δһ˵ȥ
ֻԽŵԽûеˣ
Ҫ˵ЩʲôǿѹҲҲֻ˵һȥˣ
ҪҸӶˣǲֱӸʹģ
ʱƺҲǿ͸һУȻˣǲӲһЩˣ
裿Ǻǣƺ̫߿Լˣڿû¡
׿ź䣬ҲǵһЦ
俴ףü֮ʵǿᣬ֮ǰȷǺĳˡ˵ʲôҲǰ˵ĳǻǲҪ˷ѱ˴˵ʱ˰ɣ
Ը񣬱ڵǷǳ͡ԭڵȷ׼նɱڰش԰֮С
׿һۺ䣬仰úסˣһԵ˶סˡ
˼ǲɱˣ
侪㵵ĿףҲĿɿڴ˵
ܳԾǰɣ
׿ź䣬Ҳ¶һ˿Цʵ
ԭ˲䱻׵Ļлţ˭Ըȥأ
ǺԼûô׵Ĵڣ
Ȼ𾪵ĺܣǱȴƵ˵ϷŪĳǺ˼
ϷŪڸղŶ˵ˣûҪԭȷɱţϹ˳ڱڣô֮ǰһʹ
׿ź䣬Ҳһת
һʹ˻棿
ôҲû뵽鵽ʱȻӣ
ĹԼΪʲô
Ҫǿ׵ӿôģ
ִɽΪ㿪Цô
׷ʵºԭԼܹƵסλ
˵ɽĵһˣ
ԭ쵼ִͷǳĲȻҲԡ
ȣǲ˵˼
˵ʵ
ʱҩʹȵ˷˺ĻôߣԺҲеıɱ֮ˣ
ҩʹ˧ȴ׸ı뷨
Ȼˣ
ǸкŵļһҲǻϽһѣ
Ǻ֪ԼŪɳ׾ĻôҲˡ
ôȷĳ㲻ˮôҩʹڴĻǵʱ򡭡
俴ףҲ̽Եʵ
һԵĺ鳽ԼĸôʣҲŵס
һô˾Բġ
ҩʹȣڽҸҩʹȵ˶֣Ǳ㲻ǡҲţһε飬ҩʹҪұڵ鷳ҲҪģοڼȻ㣬Ǳ㲻㷴ˮ
˵úҲΪ֮ݣ
ò˵ȷһرˣĳⱲûʲôˣЩ֣ҲĽǲǽ죬ĳķĵ˵仰ĳ
俴ףҲ΢΢һ̾
ЩάĻǾͲض˵ˡºֻһĿģǱ汾ڹɽ
׿ź䣬Ҳ
ܡɽ
仰ˡ
һȵȷǲ˵ǰ޹˵ְ
ܹԼһСԭΪױĵһּƲߣ
ǻԼɽȨĻǾˣ
ô𣿱ڻҪȥطһȥûδ֪ǲܹѡһǿ˳쵼Ҳǲ̫ĵģ
׿ź䣬˵ԼΪʵ뷨
ĳͿأУ˭ҪɽңǱ̤źĳʬȥ
Ǽģ˿̳˸мֻʲôأ
ˣȻ˵ĻôɡԺ㵽ְְ֮ЭڹɽС񣡡
׳Χ˵˵ֻһ
ȺӢѾĻ֮⣬֮ҲǾصԼ֮С
ǺţǱ㽻䷢ˣ
ҲǷǳϲ֮ˣԼûκεĹϵ
˿̣
ͨ׵Χֻ׽֮ˣҲǳ׵ķ˹
׿źͨķҲ΢΢һЦӭȥ




3278  Իͨ
 

ͨ
ʤҩʦĸ᳤ʤѧԺĸԺ
˵ڶʤݵĵλҲǷǳ֮ߵģ
ԭͨɽй¶ѡ
ǾԼҲû뵽Ȼ֮鷢
һΣͨԼЩ۽ˣ
ССɽȻһλ֮Ű
ͨվǶʤݵˣҪѡ͵ǡ
һֱȺɢȥʱҵף
˿̺ͨȴһˣޣ
Ϊ̫ŽŮͨô᲻ʶأ
ųѾΧ׵ߣͨЩȻʧЦ޸Ҳʶ
Ժá
޴˿̿źͨҲͨ׵Ŀģ
ԣûֱӻشͨ⡣
Ҫ֪̫ŽڸͨҲǱĹϵô׽
ţ̫Žڸϵ˵ĿǰɣɽҲΪɣ
ͨ׵ͷȻǺͳȽ
׿źͨ˵Ժ뱾ڵͽܼȻʶǻҸطİɣ
ͽ
ͨɵĿ˿ޣųĬˣҲ¶һ˿Ц⡣
һԵĺ乪ˣش԰ڱһȥ
׵ͷһ˵ȳźڵĵط˹ȥ
սƺδӰ쵽˵飬ǻҲã볤ϵҲãǶǷǳĿĵġ
ش԰ڣҶΪ˾ٰȺӢҲصؽһṩϢĵط
طȻȲҶڵȵطݻȴҲǿԵġ
ϾʱĳҲͲôˡ
˻֮أ
׿źͨҲЦŵԺԶ
ͨЦŰڰֵˣĳɽҲʲô¡ҿӢ۵ʵǲа
һƵԺӦĳԺҪƴˣ
⡭ͨ¶һ˿ЦݣȻǱԺ͹˰
ʵϣ
ͨľҪʲôλλģ
һ㣬ͨϾǶʤˣһҲ൱ġ
ڿҲһνضûаɣ
ʵͨһֱΪһԸϾǿƵˡ
ôҲû뵽׾ȻôĿ
ʵͨҲԼĿĵģɽȻʵһ㣬ڶʤ֮Ҳһǣ
ο׼һӾɽĲΣ
ʱȥ˶ʤδزܴһҵ䵽ʱ򽻺ãھͽĸʲǣ
׵뷨ͨ࣬磬ʵĸ˭ȥ
Ѷ·
ЩǶǼϲòģҪͷأҪʱڻôأ
Ψһİ취ɱһѪ·
һεȺӢϣɱһѪ·
ֻԼҲû뵽Ȼ˶ʤݵˡ
ԭöһо֮еġ
ͨλ֮ϣ׵Ҳ
ͨЦŵҪϲ˰
Ժ֪֮ϲҲǹʵ
˵Цˣִɽ֮ţǾһϲ°ͨףҲЦŵ
ϧǣɽʵȱһЩʵǿΪǽѰ
׿źͨ˭Ҳ֪ʲô˼أ
֪ĻǾҪ˵׷ˣ
ΪһͷǱڽǺͨ
һɽȥڶʤѧԺĸԺĪǷ˰ɣ
ʵȻһ͵ģһڳԳӶԺķչҲ̫һֱΪ˾ӦиĻ
ͨ׾Ǳгʵ뷨Ҫ׵ʲôͷ
ǲϤ
ΪϤԺͨҪѯʶûʵóڣ
׿źͨЦŵԺԼǣֻɽȱľϤָڴɽΧѡ˲ţδİס
뷨ǼõģֻҪӵ㹻ʱȥչδھܹڶʤԼһϯ֮أ
ͨҲЦе˵ҲľϹ˵ġ
׻пܹõġ
һԵ˿죬û˸ʱĲ廰
ǳޣҲǶ׿δ˵
ֻʵû뵽ԼʦȻ˵ţ档
Ժڵһ뷨֪ԺɷΪЧ
˶Ի֮ʣ׵һ仰һը˳




3279  ˵а
 

񣡣
˶׵ĵһо
Ȼƾʲô˵ڣô˵ĳڵأ
ĺͨɫΪΣҲΪһѺ
ͨʲôˣ
ǿǶʤݶʤѧԺĸԺҲǶʤҩʦĸ᳤
ɽһ𣬿Ҳǵֲ˼ҵλðɣ
ô˵˵Ļأ
˿̣
ʹڹİ
˲Ŀ⣬ƺҲʶʲô
ԺǱڵʵ뷨ͻ֮һ
׿źͨҲ΢΢ֵ
ͨһЦȷǲĺܣֻǺĳһֱڶʤѧԺҩʦᣬںĳ¡
飬ôҲ廰أ
˵ȻĺͨͻȻǸӲ廰
˵ˣܹͨˣţˣ
ȻҲ֪ûκεϣ
˿̿ףĿ֮г˾㵻Ǿ㵣
λ·ǳĹҲˣû뵽ʲô¶Ҹɵó
ֻʱѾȡ˽ѵҲ֨!
֮ǰѲɻ
ݸһЦԺڶʤܹõʲôΪľܣȻǱߴŲܹԺʵԵĶôھúԺԸűڡ
ΪԼúĳô
ͨҲЩˣȻʵǿҲǷѪ֮ˡ
ѰʱʵԼأ
˵ˣ׵ȷҲǷǳĲʵʱͨǲף
׺εºܾܹʹԼˣ
Ҫ֪һͨĴӦףʵͶףԽˣ
׿źͨЦŵԺô֪ĳûأ֪Ժɷһ˵
ԺҪʲôܹĵط룡
ͨҲƵĺܣ֪׵ţ
ǼȻ˵ˣ֮ǰһȷǸ˾޴ĳҲҪһ«浽ʲôҩ
ҲţοͨʵԭҪ׺š
ֻôҲû뵽ȻһԼˣ
һ࣡
һƫڣ׺ͺͨ˽ȥһȺһ±ƵĿ׵ıӰ
׺ͺ߽ͨȥ֮˲ſʼ
ǿŰӡȻԺǿ߶
ƲԴ˿ҲѣֻЩˡ
һԵĺҲ̾һǺĳⱲΪ۵һˡ
ŶӦǺ鳤ˣ鳤˵ĲⱲҶûпô˰
ƲҲ΢΢һ֮̾г˲֮ɫ
嵭˵ĻҾŶѾ²ˣ
ŻĻҲɫͨ죡
˵ʵ
ô֮ΪŲһˡ
֮ǰǸҪɵŶڵĺ䣬ԼŶѾĻͥΪڵһˣ
꣡
ͻĶһ֮У
ǵ˶Ǳ׸׵ĸıˣҸıĲֹһ㡣
俴ŻҲǹֵ֮ǰ顭
鳤ϼȻѾ֮ˣԺ󻹵¹£͸һ֮ǰһʹɣҲòпֶεȷǺޱȰұھһδزܹԺ
һϯһԵҲǴ㵲ѡ
ƲԿŻЩŵ˵ĳΪϣʵãĺܡɽλŶѣԺöʤѧԺĸԺǸһİ
Ҳ̾һˣҲ֪ǱھΪܹɹ
һԵ볤ϐź뵭ȻһЦ˵ʵȷ˷˼ҪͨûκεĿԣ
볤˵¶ѣĳλһ䣬֮ǰ˭ܹ˵ҪҾŶΣѣˣˣܹʾǿ߶սɽʷĵһ˰
˿̶һĪĳݣֳݲУҼÿһ˵У
ۣ֮Ž
ɨһȦˣҲ΢΢һЦ
ʱ
˵ĿһεĿƫ֮Уֻ˵ϲδڴ飡
Ϊǵĸ֪֮УĲ󡭡




3280  ͨ
 

ش԰ڣ
ͨһͬƫ֮УʱĺͨɫǺܺÿ
Ȼ˵Ҳ׵ʵȷĿ࿴
ڶʤѧԺҲûѧܹ֮
ҲͶѣһﵽܲܵסҩʹȵıһδ֪
û뵽һﾹȻԼ
ʲôĵôأ
ͨЩ֮ԱǣһɽСӣһЩôأ
ΪһλĶʤݶʤѧԺˣͨеİȻеģ
֮Ը׽ʵҲǸһӣ
Ϊʲô
ΪױϾ֮ǰҩʹȵĳ֮һ졣
ʵúͨҲǲòһ£
ȻҲ˷ǳֶβģɱϾɹ˲
Ȼˣ
ͨôʵҪ׵ʲôĵƣ
ɹĻʱкĻ᲻
һε飬ͨҩʹȵ˻ǲɢˡ

ʤݵҩʦ᳤ҩʹΣΪʲôһθ
ʵΪıһүүô
ΪĻԺͨȵλôỤһССĻƼҩʦأ
οɽҲʲô̫ĵطҲʲôұ֮أ
˿̣
׵Ϲ˴֮ɫһ̬úͨҲѣ
ںܹͨԼǰôȴ֮ˣɽʤѧԺûмģ
Ӧÿ˵˰ɣ
ͨףҲЩȲʵ
׿źͨЦŵԺ֮ǰȺӢʱȻأƺ
Ҳʲôܣڶʤ֪ҲǲٵġүүҩʹȵҲǶʤεҩʦ᳤
ͨףҲν˵
׵ͷԭˣɼԺԺĵλʵӦ˰ɣ
ͨЦһڽɼҩʦҲҪվӵģɽһվһ߲׬𣿡
ԺˣĳʵԺڡ
һεĽ˻ˣźͨһƵӡ
·˵ĻԼûκεĹϵһ㣡
ͨɫЩ仯׳ɽվֻһôô
ĳֻһ㣬ûѣֻ棡
׿źͨ΢΢Ц
ͨЦ˼˵ʵڻȷȴݲȵȡֻ˵󻰲һܹ¡֮ǰ˾ϲ𺳡൹Ҫʲôܹġ
ҲǹһЦԺȻ֪ĻȻҲҴţڴ֮ǰڵҪʺԺʲôҪ󣿡
Ҫ󣿡
ͨҲһ㶣ԭΪֱóʲôԼ
ȻںǺҲҪ֪һóʲô
ֻôҲû뵽һһȻԼҪ
ⲻǳô
ѲԼһʲôҪĶܹӦɣ
Ժ˵֪ôȥڽأҲǺǺһЦ
ͨЦһô˵νڽ࣬һϷԶˣ
ϷԣԺΪĳ鿪Цô
׿źͨʵʱ
ͨ׵ӣҲζ˵Ȼ˵Ļ͸ἸܹĻʹӦΣ
˻棿׿źͨҲЦеʵ
ȻʲôͨҲһĭһڶģ
ͨףҲǰȻ˵
Ȼ˵Ļĳϴˡ
׿źͨôĳ侲
ͨһת׺ٺһЦĵһǱҪһƻʵ
ͨ˻һԭΪ׿϶Ǿѣ
ƻʵ
˵ɽˣǶʤݿҲǼΪ˵Ǿģ
Ŷ֮ҩʦܹƣҲֻǴŶѣ
ͨôʵΪȡһЩĽѵѣ
ֻԭΪ׵ľûг֣ȡ֮ɵǸݡ

³֣úͨҲƲѣ
ͨ׵Ȼģ˵һĵڶҪһƷҩ
֮ƻʵҪһЩˣֻҩҲϡ
˵ƷˣƷҲѾ˲ˣ
𣿡׿źͨһεʵ
ͨЦŵֻҪܹĳΣ
һΪ
ŵģͨҲǵɴӣѲһ




3281  Ҫʲôʲô
 

ƫ֮У
ͨԭһ˿Ϸʵı飡
ֻʧǣһǸβļһ
ôϷŪ˼ʼյݵĺܣ
׸ɵʱȴ˼Ҹûգۣ
һΪ
ȥѲԼҪˣ
Ļô𾪵ĿľǺͨˣ
һ̣ͨ׸õġ
ƷҩЩģǺͨƻʵܣ
ȵҩǿ޼֮
Ǳ֪һƻʵĻ¾ǽɽ׳죬ҲҪһҳˡ
һΪ
ͨԥһ֮Ҳǿ׵˵
ײװͨôҲǱСҪӵĳһЩɣ
ŪڵĺͨǲȣҲöˣ
Ժ˵˵ƷҩɣҩϡȱˡļƷҩҲô࣬ƷƺҲǺܶġ
׿źͨǱ٩٩̸˵
ͨЦŵȷƷҩһǳҩʦУҲôѵ⣬ο໹䲻⼫ƷҩֻƷҩѡ
ƷҩȴҲǸϡЦЦͨͷΪѣ͵ûзʵҲ֪ѶȲС
ԺĪҪżȥˣĻֶ顣ǽԺڣˡڵһƷҩ
˵꣬һһдСҩ㸡ϣ
ķҩ͸һӹӵϢһֶĤݵĸо
ҩʦ
ҩ֮ɫѾǱˣ
һأһֶҩأ
ͨ˿еҩʿˮ⡭ȻƷҩôⶫģ
ԵɺϣõһλҩʦĴУҩҵõĶ֮һ
׿źͨҲ΢΢һЦ
˵˵ʲôǿԵģҲû֪ⶫ
ȻǸԴ񰡣ʵĽĺܡͨҲò̾ǰСӵ̫ˡ
ֲ֮ǳأԭǵõĳλܵĴа
ƷҩλҩʦʵǲСﰡ
û뵽Լ֮ǰһ£Ȼһʵˡ
ǰҩͨҲһ۲
׿źͨЦŵԺô
ⶫȷǺöǵõѰҩʦɹļҪ֮һҪడ
ͨҲòпöǺö
ЦŵԺˣ
⡭޹»أ
ͨԭһ£Ʒҩ֮Ҳû֮ǰˣ
ƷҩȺöǴˣⱲӿ¾ûˡ
ͨԭһųŵģˣ
ԭ֮ԣڷԼ˱ˣ
ֻںͨԾЩεǣֻһҪҲǣҪҲǣ
׵˵޹»һ˵ղźԺǴӦĳģĪǺԺҪʳԲɣ
ӦĪҪЦղŵȷǴӦ⡭ƷҩȻǺöǡ
ͨǽһᰡ˵Ҫǳˣ
һƷҩֱűһӣһЩܲˣ
ҪҪƤ
ͨҲһҪ֮˰öʤѧԺĸԺһλŵˣһʲô
˵ȥ¶һ˶˵ˣ
ΪӵĻͨΪƷҩ¶Ҫˣ
׿źͨ˵Ժղ׿˵һΪĸ֣ĪǺԺôˣ
һΪǺǣ˵ûǸղӦ֪Ĳһɣĳĳ̼ڣ
ͨ˵
ΪʲôóƻʵóһƷҩ
ǿ϶ΪûƻʵȻƷҩǳҪɺͨԼ˵ȥĻܲ̾Ͳ㻰˰ɣ
ԣڱҪ֣
׿źͨ΢΢һЦԺղ˵ĳȻ֪ġƷҩȻˣǱóƻʵĻ
ֻҪóƻʵԺˡΥģ񹲷ߣֻƻʵǿϡ֮˵ɽǶʤݿ¶а
ͨҲ̽׵ĻʵĵìҲֻԼ֪ˡ
˭㱾ûƻʵģԺҪʲôĳʲô
׿ź֮ͨг˰
ֻһ̣ͨ׵ĻԭҪ˵ĻѾǱԼĿˮҭסˡ




3282  ͨ
 

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ȻҲ˵һĻᶼûУǧ֮һǧ֮һĸʣʵûʲôš
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3283  һ
 

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˵ˣʵԸܵóʵԼ˵ģ
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ͨôҲûҪΪūһȥ롣
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׿źͨҲЦŵصǣıҲ̫Ľֻܱ֤͡˺
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ͨԥƬ֮ҲǷһϵ
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ͨĿףȻڱ׵ˣȴԼƺǳԿһ




3284  ͨľ
 

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ͨ
źͨüģҲһܶ෢һһ




3285  ͨ
 

ͨǼΪһҩģֶпܣڶʤݳҲͻأֻⶫʤôõĶ
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˵գźͨ뿪Żķ˹ȥ




3286  ûûεĻĶ
 

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3287  ŵ
 

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ǻĶǻŮô᲻ԼŮأ
Ķ˿һί֪Լʲô
Լ׵ĻĶǵʹԼͷ­׼ˣ
Ǹʲô
ͨʱҲǻ˳һС
ԭҪµĻĶͬʱܵɲͬӲĽԼ
ȻǲûĶ¹ģֻû뵽ԼûֹͨѾǳˡ
ź֣ͨ׵Ҳǲ˵ˡ
ԺСŮ֪롭
ȻҪԼŮģóʵҲǷǳĽš
ĶƺҲʶԼĴҲǸϽԺҡֻ֪ô¶ѣðġ
̸ʲôððģԺĳɽһԱˣϣλܹɽ󰡣
ͨˣҲЦ
ˣ
ͨһϯֱԭҪ˵ЩʲôĻ
һҲǺòȥǻΪԼˡ
ֻȷŸղǿ϶ûġ
Ժղ˵
ʶһεʵҲҪȷһͨ˵ĵ滰Ǽٻ
ԺԺĳɲʲôԺˣѾΪڸ˵ǸӵһЩ
ͨ仰ǳ׵ˡ
ֻͬʱ䡢Ʋ԰볤ϵһĿɿڴ
볤ϺͳޣǶڶʤѧԺԺͶʤҩʦḱ᳤ͷǷǳϤģ
ͨ˵ͷˣ
볤ϿźͨҲǾ̾˵ķ˶ʤѧԺԺλ⡭Ҳ̫˼˰ɣ
ԣľܡʮ˺ĳĳܹҲǺĳҡ
ͨҲ΢΢һЦֻ˵ľ㵻Աġ
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˵ͨѡɾǶϼ֥֡
׾ǿʲôһʤѧԺĸԺأ
Ҫ֪ǴȥĻǱȻǺ䶯ʤݵģ
ȻҶ֪ˣǱҲͲ׸ˡӼڣʱ汾ͳͬʱٵ£ɺ鳤ϡسϺͻʱɽˡ
׿źˣҲȻ

Ҳǹ׵ĻھʥּһĹš
ԱȽɵһˣپŶڵͷڣһ
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װڰֵ֮ǰոҩʹ֮˽֣˵˾пܱڶֻһǰᣬǱǱ⣬Ķҥӡ鳽
⼸˶һˣͻȻǵ֣Ҳǰһˡ
Ǽ汾һͬǰʤݣ׳һᣬȻתһԵĺͨʵ
˺£
ͨͻȻҲƵʵ
ǽ붫ʤѧԺѧϰôЦʵ
Ȼû⡣ٻûдȥⶫʤѧԺԺְɣ
ͨΪʲôģ鵱Ȼûκεġ
һԵļˣѾڶʤѧԺĺ鳽֮⣬Ǽѡ
׿˵ӣҲЦǺǵ˵ȥʤݣҪúõĵҩʲôģʱҪʲô֮ҵȳǰʤݡ




3288  ׵뷨
 

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ˣҪȻȵҼȥЪЪţ
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˵Լһʤݵ뷨
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˵ıףϾˮĲлȻһʱڵԱȫ
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ͨھ޿ܴùĵģҪ֪ĺͨʵҲǷǳģ
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ãǰ̫ŽڣȥʤѧԺ¡ʱȻȥλġ
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̫ŽȻڶʤǲţǵʵҩʹȵһЩȻһЩģ
·
ڼִﶫʤ֮ʣ׺ͺͨԴһ˳򼲳۶ȥ




3289  ̫Žڣ
 

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ΪʤݵĴ֮һȻڶУǾ붥ҲѾˣ
ʤݳһЩŰѳ֣һЩҲϣͨԼŬΪЩţ
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ȻпķŵķչȴҲúܶ˴ˮ֮У
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ԭĳ޲Ҫ뵽Щֵܽõ֮С
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ֻǼͬȾ£ǲƽıŵ˾Ŷһ̫ڣ

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׵·񣬸οҲһҪ̫ŽڲУ
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ԣ磬ֻҪߵˣȻҲǱԼһķˮƽˣ
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׿볤ϣ֪Ȼ֪볤ָʲôˣ
⡭˼ǡ
볤ʵ˵ľ˼ǱԼ˵Щˣ
Цŵ볤ϣڿưʮ㣬ɱֲɵӡûŵ£ΪĻôİֻ˶Աڲ˽ѡ
⡭˵Ҳǣ֮ǰÿÿҵΪһЩ˼ʱˡǲ̫˽Ⱑ
볤ҲЩȻʧЦĵǻͣǴɽĻϣ
ܵΪ׸̫Žڲһεģ
ھͨﶼѾǹ˳ڣѵɺ
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޿볤ϣҲЦŵ
˿̣
̫ŽڵɽѾԼɼ




3290  ޵ج
 

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ʤݵŵȷЩ̫һ
ǺţҲЩĿ࿴ġ
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ĳ̶ֳŮûбôܳΪδ̫Žأ
ֻЩˣƣ
ȻԼôΣǸûκεĹϵȴһܹ˵ģ
Ҳ֪Ӧ˵Ĵأ֪أ
ʦ̫ŽڵţҲ̫ܲڵأ
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ҪԺл᱾ٺúõĹһ̫Уڻȥ㸸״Ǳ߰ɣ
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˼翴ųޣҲĨᣬһ˵ԼŮĻУ
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3291  ǿƵĴ
 

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3292  ׵ĵ
 

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裬Ͻ¡
˼翴Լɷ裬Ҳǽ˵
һε˵˵һ飬ҿҲû¡ʱ޶࣬ĸŮκεıʡ
仰ʵϾ˵ģȷľܾ˴ˣ
Ϊ£»ǿд߷ԼԼأ
ֻѾǵ˲ĵزԼǿʹȥȴҲޱȣ
úúã裬Լǿɾ͹ֲñˣ
ǸŭһһζݺݵĶŶס
޴ʱҲЩŵĿף
˵ղŻдߵһϣһϣûˣ
ʦ
޿ףʵ׵ûаա
ʱôʣǲǶԼʦһּĲ
ʳһεѹ
׿ųޣȻ֪ԼͽҪʲô
¶һ˿ЦݵʦһΪİɣ
лʦ𣡡
޸мĿףһߣ̤ʵ˺ܶࡣ
ȻҲ֪ԼʦʵϣҲǷǳã
Ǹ˵һ̫Žܹ뵽ҽˣѲǵоûһ
ο˵һ仰ҩʹϣҲó޺˼Ѿ˰أ
ߣǾȻԸһǾ͵Ÿʬɣ
̧ͷ˿裬Ȼֿ˿˼ˣҲŭ
Ҫ²ڲκ˴ţλȺɣ
׿ų޵ˣҲ
ʵϣڵʵҪκóĲ飬ûпԵģ
Уű˲в
ϣ
ĵƣһõʦȻһһõҽ
ҩĻôأ
ţӣ˵ʱκεĲأ̫߳Žڣ
˵꣬ҲǷȥ˼ͳһҲǸ˳ȥ




3293  ʦү
 

ķڣ
˿̵ĳɫ쳣ѿ˵ûˡ
ŶףҪ˵仰ʵЩ֧Ųסˡ
׳ų΢΢һЦ²ؽţҺúõ˯һĲͺˣ
Ȼ˵ʲôˣǿļһ˿Цݡ
׵ʵΣ貢֪
ǳȴԼŮԼŮ˵ʦһҲԲǺ˵ġ
˵һЩʵģ
ټԼŮʦ𣬳ȻҲǲһˣ
ΪʲôƣʵҲΪ˱ԼӺŮ
һԼӺŮʧȥ̫Žɡ³֪Ҫˣ
̫ŽڣĸŮ֮Ǵڵģ
оͰ֮ǰǸνĴˣԳ㡣
ֻþȫѾ˻֮УʶҲûˡ
ǿд߷Լöɢĸ죡
˵ԭĳٻмһʱԴ
ھôһŪĻ໹аҵʱˡ
Ҳ˵ھǸȥҩʹȵ˼пչƻҲˣ
ԣ׻ǳһˣ
Ȼˣ
ѾǷˣֻ֮ѡһγԶѣ
跿ڣ
׽һƬռھҪ͵ʲôǲܵġ
ϡ
׶һһ£һӰڣ
Ǵ˿˳ֵĻҲܹġ
жʱѾܳˡ
ϴ֮гҲǐź
Ͽʲô취׿ŻľҲǼæʵ
ľûϣĻҲΪˡ
ľǳҩʦ޲ߵĻҲǲܴˡ
ľ˵еһΪ߶ɢĶҩֶҩ粢ȵطˡ
߶ɢô˵֪ôˣ
ŻľĻҲЩʵ
ľݸһЦȵط֮ˣҪδϣĲǺܴ󡣲СһﵹҲˣܹࡣɣǷ߶ɢ֮ˡ
ʲʲô
׾㵵ĿŻľԭⶾҩķ˾Ȼǻϡ
ɺϵĲɺϵˡ
ô෢ֶҩʲôֵģ߳磬Ϊûе㱾¾У
ϿףҲǵ˵
߶ɢΪʲô֮Ϊ߶ɢأд󶨣ҲЦʵ
΢΢һЦʵ߶ɢͨĶҩȶҩһ֮ƵѶȷǳĴΪ߶ɢֻһ䷽ӵźܶ಻ͬϵ䷽ɶʮζԼǿĶҩɵģô˵ܶ
ô˵Ҫ֢ҩͱҪֶ֪ҩ߶ɢ˼𣿡
׿ŻϣҲüѯʵ
ԭΪܼ򵥣Ͼ߶ɢǻϷģӦǸӵļˣ
ӿɽҲЦŵȷ˵֪е߶ɢҲʩ֮ˣҲ޼ƿʩ
⡭
ԭǣϾ˶ߣǸƨ
ŻϽѶ˵֮Ҳǽˡ
϶ûκεİ취Ļľ͸ˡ
֮ǰ˵һˣ˵˻ӦѾ˰
Ȼ
ϺٺһЦ˵Сһأ߶ɢʱȻҲ˽ⶾ֮
ǻô֪ʲôĶҩƶɵأһôô죿
׻ЩģȻҲ֪Ӧִϡ
ľЦŵ߶ɢҩк֣ܶЩǱҪ֪ʲôĶҩƶɲܹƽҩƳһֽҩеĻ߶ɢЧġ
ϣ˻棿
Ǽֲûһֱôĵݡ
һҲʦүˣ
ûа취ľûа취ˡ
ŻϵĻǵֱӭжˡ
磬¶һ֮⣬ҲֻܹˣԸղ˵Сһʵǹá
ϵжһöҩƺһѾ׼ˡ
˵ɺϣ
ĶҩϾа취һʱƵҩҪķѺܶ
Щҩһӻһܹõ
߶ɢˣǻϵĳ֮нҩҲͲˣ
Ҳ˻ϣһλҩʦһܹ˵˳
Щ飬ڤڤ֮оעһ㣡
лϣ
ûκεǫ飬ֱ˵ҩ˳С
ڼ
˿̣
ԼʹѾʧһƬռ֮У
׽ҪľǵȴѾͺˡ
Ѿ뵽˴޵˿һĳվǸǰľˡ




3294  Ļ
 

ķڣ
ԭɫҰס촽ϵĳǻָһ˿˿Ԫ
ȿȣ
һҵĿĿһ³˲ٵĺɫѪ
֪Ӧǵҩž޴ãóڵĶزϵų
ٹһʱ䣬ӦÿԻָˣ
˿̣
Щ𾪵ĿףȻ֪ʲô飬ǳҲǿߣԼ廹˽ģ
ԼһĻֲָɵ
Ҳ˵ģ˶Ĳкתѩϼ˪Ĳ
Ҫ֪ǰѾǲµˣ
ԼվҸоһˬ˵⡣
ֹӣл
Ȼ֪ԼĲ鵽ʱԵĺתǸԵĺת
˼ҼȻܹһʱڻָѾ൱ˡ
ݸһЦ²ˣ˵Ҳҵͽټϳ²ĲЩ취ĳܼأ
ֹҽ߳ʵóĳʤôνҽûпĺãû뵽
迴ףҲЩ˵
ô˵αĿԾ͸ˡ
Цŵ²ҪһʱİľܹȫȫĻָոտʼָ⻹һȽĹ̡
ֹӣ֪еʲô˹ˣһʱŶûгôԵ޹ʵжأ
ԭ˼⣬ֻʱ׷Ѱȥ
ڲʮֵĸӣ
ǸʱѾϣãˣǴɰʵ׵Ļʱ۵ֻпԼӺŮ
Ĳת֮󣬲ʸȥ̽һЩ
׿ų赭˵²֮ʮֵĴ֪²û߶ɢ
߶ɢ⡭ôأ
Ȼ߶ɢֶҩҲ˾Ĵڰ
ͷ²еı߶ɢҲˡĳʦҵõ߶ɢƫղ鼱֮ĳҲֻǳһˣû뵽ЧǳĲ
Ȼ˵Լʶ߶ɢĻϰɣ
һ˵Ҳûκβ֮
еʦȴҲܹͺܶͲ˵顣
ȻûκεĻɣ˼ܹκԼȻв֮ͬģ
˼ҵĲ֮ͬɲ˵׷ʡ
ڵĳ裬ǾԼŮһѧյҲһˡ
֮ǰĳ軹һȵģԼŮ˸ƭأ
߶ɢȶҩһ˿ҲеġҪıңô˵Ѫأ
ĳΪ²п϶ʲôǱҪģǳ²谭ǵһЩ顭
׿ų΢΢һЦ
üǵʲôأ˹ˣѲǡ
²ǲ뵽ʲô
׿ų裬ҲǼʵ
ʵʲô飬˵ν顣
ֻǳ迴׵ʱ֮һĨԥ֮ɫ
ԥƬ֮󣬻ǵֹСŮʦ˵ҲˡοЩֹ֪Ҳ޷ġһñ˴ѪԸҵĻҹӦþֻŵͼˡ
²Ǿò˵ĳҲ֪
˵Ļʵ˵ʲôͼͼҲûʲôȤ
ֹӴȣ³ĳܿǻһgˣĳʱֹδԵ̫СˡֹӲĻǳĳ˵˵
迴ףƺҲЩ²˼
²롭һƵ
ʮǰĳʤݣ֮зһŵͼĳҲǲΪ⣬ͼϾʲôϡû뵽ͼȻҩʹȺҩйء
ҩ
ԭֻһ£ǣҩʱһ˾
ҩҩʹȡ˵ĳҲǹãһγĳõĶȻǡػҩĲرͼ
迴ףҲ΢΢һЦ
ػҩʲôųĻҲüʵ
ֻǳ軹û˵֮еĻľѾǴһػҩֻǻԵĶҲֻʾҩ䣬𼶵ҩ仹вġ
׵ػҩԭһҩʵУΪػҩֳɡһɾڵҩʹȣһɾҩ
ô˵²ǻǽĸԴˣ
׿ų裬Ҳǳʵ
Ҳֻǲ²⣬ټǴԭҩʹȵˣıֵȷЩ֮ǰȻ˵пöҩʹȵһʲôµġ
Ҳüʵ˿̵˳˼֮У
ͨҩйأеĶȴҲǸҩйأֻǾ˼֮ʣѾǴһӵ




3295  
 

⣡
ΪһƬռ䣬浽ʲô״һ㶼֪飡
ֻΪָʱǳĳ˼Ǹ˵ȴȴö룬ҲǼΪĽ
ȻҲǽΪԼʦܲʱҰɣ
Ȱ޹
ǸҲզզ֮ˣһʱľ֮ҲǾ̫Žڵĸ߲㣡
Ͼ
̫Žڸ߲ľۼأ
ˣǸ˾棡
˵뵽׺ͳĶУ⼸׺ͳҲһ
ǣ
̫ŽҲǳĸס
ʵϣΪ˳飬Ҳǲġ
ܹ뵽İ취ʵģǰҩʹ֮£Ҳ취
ֻ̫ŽڸҩʹȣǵλҪԵһЩģ
ԣҪҩʹΪԼĶӿ»ǲģ
ҲΪʲôӣҲ޲ߵһԭ
ȷ
һİ취ûУ
Ȼҩʹȣ̫Ž֮ʱҲҩʹһϵŮ
ǲδϣ˵ϣûἰ
һߣ
Ҳֻܹɵˣ
ֻû뵽ԼĶӼ뿪֮ʣȻҪɱԼĶӣ
˪ղ˵Ҫܣ
˪ԱߣһҲüͷǸʵ
ˣ˪Ҳҩʹĳλ֮Ů
˪˵гǳĴ磬Ҳ̫ŽڹϵһӰˣ
֮˭֮ģ
Ѿǽ֮ˣΪ磬ܲʹ
Ȼƽ֮侺ϣվǻѪŨˮֵܲ
ˡǲ֪СӾȻһĵˣΪʦ𡣿ʵҲͺһӣһ˵ҪүɽȥһڵʱˣûκεĶһɡ
˪һ˵Ѿ׼ˣڲ֮أ
ʵԭ뽫ִ
ǳ˵ĻЩɾ鷳ˡ
ˣ
˪ôʵȲѵģΪҲĳЩģ
Ʋһ۳ޣüʵ˭
޺ôҲֶŮΪ޻˺ĸôһӶûУ
ǿųҲüʵ
ɫЩѿǳ˵ҲǶԵġ
ЩǸȻĶԼĸ׵״ˣҡҲ鼱֮ԡ
ΪδҪӰ̫Ž֮ˣκ鶼Ҫȡ䲻ӦҪģ棬Ҳѧ򶨡ʱҲδ֪
Ϊһ֮ȷķǳĺá
ǣ״ˣ
˵ƿԣҲǹ
ߵ˳޵ĸǰȻʵޣүүǸûаκ㸸׵ĲЩյĻǱھߵűǡ
үү޲֪ʦжٵİա
Ҳʵʵ˵Ҫ˵жİգһûеģ
ףʵҲˣοԼأ
ڳˣ֮ǰҪ̫̫ˡ
ǱܵüͷʵޣӦ֪ʦ𵽵ʲôɣ
үүʵʦɽһŵ
޸˵ڣǸһڱЦ˳
ɽĳŵ
˵ĳˣɽһҶΣ
һǶʤʵҲһ㻯ѡ
ɽˣǿϣ󣡡
Ϊʲô˵ĴݣʵȻҲǵԼĶӣǴĽǶ˵ѾǷˣ
ܹ뵽İ취һû
ʤݵǱȽҽǰˡ
ܹĹģ˳ԡ
ǵڣһ֪ԼǸж֮⣬һ֪
Ĳôƣ
֢ҩ
̸֢֢ҩأ
ޣǳЦһΪʦǳʲô֮أԭһɽܳСѣ
˪Ҳ̲סĿһ֮ſʼġ
ϾߣҲֲ̫ķ
һԵĳҲǳޣȷЩ̫ˣⲻǰ㸸׵Ĳ鵱ǶϷһ𣿡
ҡֻҪһԵģ˵ЩίľҪвǵ˵
˪ŭһ˵ʲôҪҪԼĸ㶼ǶϷһɽļһȻҲҴʴʵҪ̫Žڵβ
ˣڵҪ޵ʦ𵽵Ǻηʥ
ԭ׼ȴһ׵֮׵ʧȥˣ
ɽģǸʲô
ǻƢһҲܵ𣿡
֨
ڳǷŭ֮ʣ׻Ĵ˳ķ䡭




3296  
 

һ˲䣡
ԺһƬžţ
ԭдŭһССɽ֮˾ȻҴʴʵҪԼĶӣ
ⲻԼĶӵЦô
ȻҲ֪ôȥĻԼĶӿľƨˣ
ܶһգǶһݵϣ
ų˵ԼĶӾȻνʦУʦô׵һʦ
ʳӣ
ǴʱҲǹ˲ôˣ
ڳҪǿн֮ⷿеʱȴȻķſˣ
ſôļʱҲǿôĹ죡
ʦˡ
޿׳ʱҲʱԵһ
ҪԼĸ׵ôˣ
Ȼ˵ŻĿȴѾƮȻ˷ڣ
ڣ
ǿףĿҲ쳣Ϭ
δȵ˵һӱ÷
Ŀ֮е𺳺;֮飬ȴҲ׵Ĳ²֮еģ
ˣ˲ɽѣôܹκүĲأҽֱӽˡ
˪ʱףҲһ
һԵĳҲߣиʲộĽļգ
סڣ
ŭһĿ֮һ˿ɱ⣡
˪ͬʱһû뵽ǵĸͻȻ֮Ὣìͷ׼ǣ
˪ƲƲ׼˵ʱһӰӷڴܳ
裡
ӰʱӶˣ
𾪡š
ָڲͬ˵ϣֳĺƺҲһ
ſڣ
״ʼղδ˵ΪĻָѾ˵ʲôˡ
ݼ״ˣ
辭֮ƺҲһЩ
һһָ֣
ָ֣ÿ˶еġ
ûᣬһǾԲĸܵġ
ڳԺУ˵ǰһģ
¶֮ɫԼַ˳裬۾Щʪ˵裬û¾ͺû¾ͺð
˴豻ÿֹ֣¡
˵ҲʵΪ׵ĻĿ¾ƨˣ
ǿףҲ¶һ˿ЦݵԺֹӱ̫ŽڵĹˣ
ҵ
ֻǵһЦδּ֮顣
˵һɽ˶ѣ̫Žڵô˵ԺǺߵ֣
һ˵ĻҲѾǼˡ
ǿ״䲻ҲǰһһΪڽ󡭡
ʣĳȻ֪޲޲΢΢һЦ
˿̣
˭Ҳûע⵽˪֮еһĨŭ֮ɫ
һ˼绹ǳޣһԵĳǶǳֳָϲ֮С
˼磬еһݼͱˡ
һ뵽֮ǰǻĵ龰˼һĺ¡
ǵʱŭֹӣ˼˳ھͲ˵ĻôԶ׼ģ
׵Ķ棡
ǵϴĪĺʵλҽ޹֪ⶾǺηʥ
׿ųǣ΢΢һЦǱϲĻӦþǴ֮е߶ɢ
ߡ߶ɢȷ
һ߶ɢֵʱɫҲͻ
ԼҲǲֵܵס߶ɢģ
һԵĳҲǾֵ˵߶ɢǿĳǿߴƶɣö߱˶ܽⰡ
ҿҩԼŵģԼ־үҪԼΪ̫ŽڵĹͣ˲ݰ
˪һĻҲһεվŭ
Ҳüף׵˵߶ɢһµȷֻö߱˲ܹĽ⿪ȴҲڵʦ߶ɢƫҾ͸²ˣֻû뵽ЧԤڵĻҪһЩ
ƫƭذɣ˪˵
Цһ߶ɢļֵҾͲ׸ˣڳϣڶЩǱ߶ɢ޿ǵκһ˵ϡ
ˣӲ񡭡ҲЩŭˡ
İڰֵˣ־ʵ֮ʵˣó֤ݡҪſڿӣҪϥ̸һȫ£衭
˳֮󣬺ԺҲʼ½½뿪
ֻ˪뿪һ̣֮ԵĵǺͲ֮ɫ
˿̵ĳǶ׻һЩȤֻû뵽ǣһ׶̫ŽҲһЩ˼




3297  ʴʡף
 

Ժ֮ͤУ
ǶͤλãȥǶӣ
׵ҲνһԣϾ̫Žڵ
ʵ͵λ˼ǱûκεĴģ
ȻλĶӣѲɾܹ֮ϣ
Ȼܵģ
ˣȻҲвСʶǵʶԶûǵĵλҪ
οǿ֮ɽֲһˣ
ǲԶ̫ŽҲν飡
ֻܶǿһʱ֮ҲʧȥȤ
ѡ˾ĻԼԭĻԻ͡
վ˻Ҫ׷ģ
ھ˸֮иԶĿ꣬򼴱ͬأ
״ˣ֮ǰ˶ӣĻûм˵ȥʵϣ˪ҩʹйأΪⶾ
辭ȻҲǷŭѡ
ϾԼҲźӣԼˣԤԼļ˵ʲô³
񣬼ȻԼĸ׵ദҲܽ⻰вǣ
˴ɲɫ裬ʵ˵ҲǿԲµһ嶯ûгǸػҩغҩʹȺҩȴ˵˳ⲻǡ
ԭ״ҲôΪ
ųǵĻҲЩʵ
ǳھôΪΣ裬ΪǾ仰Ҫôó֤ݣҪôͲҪšҩʹ߶ɢĻǾѪ˰
һ΢΢һЦҪ˲˻ܾΡ߶ɢȷһѡֻϧǣң
似ñҲ̾Ϊֹ
ǿףҲĴָ
ȻɽɱϾ˼Լӵľ˲ǣ
΢΢һЦԭ޴ǰ̫ŽڣҲΪһ³Ծ²û뵽²涾һеһʵЩɺϵĺܰ
ֻ˵˵ģǸп˵
װڰֵǫĻ֮Ͳ˵ˡ̫ŽڣȷΪ̸һ̸֮¡
ʲʲôˣ
迴ףҲüͷһšʵ
˿̣
һӱЩ˵ѧʵİ
˵Ͷ̫ŽڵĻһǺ˵˵
Ͼ֮ôһϵ档
̫Žڼǳ汣һ׵ţһЩٻȨҲν飡
ףȻһ̸ˣ
ʴʣ
ǳ裬ĳǣǵɫЩ̫ÿ
ǳǣһԲĿףԭϵıҲʧ
׿ų赹ǲʵôô
Ȼ˲̫һ¡
ǵĳǸȷǱ֮Ҫ̫̫߳ˡ
ֻܹͷˣȴƿش֡
׿ųҲЦŵĪҪ֣ڴȷͻĺܡǳ²涾ĻһܷҲǸδ֪
Ȼ֪ԼӺζЩƵǣҪ̫Žڽأ
ǵĻδ˵˼ѾǱ㹻ˣ
ΪѾһͳɽ֪ΪΣ
׿ųǣ֪ҪЩƽȶԻҪʵ
ҪĨǣȻˣǱǳ̸һ̸
ɹȻãɹҲν飡
һͳɽüʵ
ɽȻʲô̫ĵطҪһͳѶҲǲСİ
迴ԼĸףҲЩԾ˵
׿ųǵ˵ΪмһЩأҩʹȵ˷˳ͻĻҲûбǰ̫Ž̸һ˵ˡ
ҩʹȵ˷˳ͻЩƵʵ
Ҳҩʹȵ̫նɱڣȻҲ־ܰɣǸˣѾڴɽˡ
졭죿ȷҩʹȵĴ죿
ԭ̨ҩʹȵֵʱҲ̲סվһľ֮ɫ
࣡
һԵĳҲ𾪵Ŀףһ˵ĵĻǼٵİ
ʾǿ߰
ǰֵģԼ簡
޵ʱҲڳƺҲûƭıҪɣһ֪
׿ųǣҲ΢΢һЦ
Ǵ˿̿ףЩŵʵʾǿߣʵ뱾൱λأ
ԺԻ֪
һ㶣漴һЦ֪ô̫Žڽ˰֪ҩʹȻҩǿɶ̫ŽܹǵĴڰ




3298  ǵѡ
 

̫Žڣ踮ںԺ
ǡԶʾǶǰ֮˵ӡ
ԭֻΪײɽһСආѡ
ǰ֮ƺľһ˿صɫʣ
߶ɢ
˾ȻԽ⿪ʵ̫ˣ
֮ǰϾνƫһˡ
һžЩԾ߶ɢܹ綾ҩаŵϺš
˵˴˶
˼ҵʦһƫܹ˶⿪˵ʲô
˵˼ҵʦʲô֮
˵˼Ҿǳƶƽʲôģ˼Ƕˣ̫ŽҪȾ˰
ܹ̫ŽڴһСһһû۹֮ˣ
ֻһȽĺܣһ׸ľϲʵ̫̫ĻҲôķŵÿģ
ҩʹȺҩһ򲻺ͣȻ˵ĻֻҪҩѹҩʹȼɲ𣿡
׿ųǣҲЦ
̸ףκ̸ʵ϶Ҫʱġ̫ŽȻڶʤݻԣҪҩʹȻҩƽƽǲġ
ǶԼһĶλ
ȻҲϣ̫ŽڲϵĳŶʤǿŵķǰС
Բһ͵ģ
һԵĳҲǵͷҩҩʹǿɶǸ͵ŰҪκһ̸¡
׿һ۳Цŵǻеػҩô
ػҩҵȻδõ¡
֮дһ˿֮⣬Ͼǿǵػҩ
ĿԵõĻǵʱǻҪʲôˣ
̫ŽڻʱһٳԽŶпܵġ
ҲǵͷػҩʲôطûлǸδ֪ܹܲƾһνĵͼ͡
΢Լ˫ۣǺͳĻ˱ζ

װס
Ȼ˼û˵ĵѾ˵һС
׵˵Ȼ˵ĻǱҲǿˡ
ҡҲǸ˼
һ׵ĻʵҲ²˼Ѿǿǡ
Ҳ΢΢һ̾ȻѾˣҲͲȦˡػҩļֵҲ֪İɣ
һػҩѡ
˵ǳĴܹΪҩʹȺҩ׷Ѱʥ
ػҩļֵʵѾǲԶˣ
ֻǴ׵Ŀ˵Ҳ΢΢һ
̫
óǺͳ趼ЩԲ׼ˣټ֮ǰκ˳߶ɢ
Ǵ˿еһԥһǺģ
ػҩ
ȥĻ̫Žڳݷ֮һˡ
ȥĻ̫Žܹõʲôĺôأ
ֻǳľˣ˼ڵȷʸƽƽ
ǵѡʵ࣡
һ仰֪ʲʡǿףıЩõʵ
⡭֪Ҫʲô
Ȼ
ǳһЦʵ֪ʦӺţ
ɣʦţҲ֪
׿ɲʱñ֪Լ̫ܡ
̫ŽڲԼˣǳ޵ĸǳǲóػҩ
ʵ˵ûʲôġ
İ취ܲǣ
ٵøһɰɣ
ǿףҲǻվĿҲǱЩƮ
һԵĳƺѾЩ˵ˣ
һˣȻԼĸɢͬǿ
ƾһ㣬ѾӮˣ
׿ųǣҲһĨȵűڣڿ̫ŽڳΪʤݵĵһţΣ
һţ
Ҳ̲סľ˳Ѿ˵ţĺܰ
̫ŽڳΪʤݵһţôأ
ҲĿһĿ׵֪˵Щʲô
ˣ˵ĻĳѾ˵ˣĳһֱȽŵľԵ֡
˺ԵҪõ̫Žڵ֧֡
ܹĳŵҲôˡ
˵ʵڿһ׼ֻñʵЩ͸΢΢һ̾ػҩ񻹲֪Ǹǻھ͸һΣ
ȻʧģҲΪŵ˵
ֻǳĳ֪ػҩΪʲôĪǵΪҩǵʱҩĻ
ǿףҲЩƵʵ
թ
һʵ˵֪ġ
׿ųǵ˵ʵڴжʤһΪѰһɽڵأΪҩһҩģ
ҩģüʵʲôҩֵõػҩأ
ͨ
״ʱҲĿ΢飬֮г֮ɫ
һԵĳǳͨһˡ




3299   m֣
 

һ
׵ɫȻǸ䲻ģѾǶȻ˼ȣ
ͨ缫ƷҩģҶʤݵ˿ԼԦġǰһʱ䱾ҩͨ׸m֮ˣ
ǿףҲǳ
m
һγ׵ĶеʱҲǱܵסˣ
ʵϣ
ԭǲmйĽģϾһɳڡ
ԱǷȱ
ԣᵽmֵʱҲǱܵü
׿ųʵm߸ϣҩmнأ
m֮˱鲼أҶʤҲmֵȻ֪
ЩԾĿףû뵽׾Ȼ֪
ʵҲף
ͻľΪ˲ӰףҲûйἰm顣
ԭǿ׾m֮нĻкܳһξء
mĳȻֻ֪ʤmֵĳǲ֪
ҡҡͷҲ¶һ˿Ц
ǵͷԱ˵һ͸mĶҪҪʵЩ̫ܡ
Ҳδذɣ׿ųǵ˵
ǵɴӿ׵ĪҪmȥɣ
һ
ǿףĿ֮дһ˿㤵ζ
Ҫ֪ǸոմӦ˸׽ˣһҪȥսm֮˵ȨĻǲǰ̫Žô
mΪУȻ֮٣׵˵һ֪ͺð

׿ųǣóһεľ
ʵܲһѻ˵갡
Ī֣ĳΪȻǿռǱֻȡˡ
׿ųǣҲ¶һ˿΢Ц
ͨǱҪõģ
ڵòҲȷһⶫڲmǣ
Բm֮󣬾͵ͷڹġ
񣬲ˮܽҲǵܽ
ǶˮǶڻ˵ͨǱƷûӲģ
Ǻͳ費֪׵뷨ֻǾЩ
m֮˿ڴĶȻ˸Ҷ
ȡôȡĳȰһ䣬֪ͨǸ˭ô
ǿףҲЩ˵
ͽ̡Цŵ
ǿ׻ֺǺǵӣ̵˵mʮʥŮ

ҡҡͷѾʲôʲô
ôһĹʲôʮʥŮأ
ڿ׶绹һ֪ⰡƺҲᣡ
ԣЩһĨڵĸо
ǾmʮʥŮܲܳڶʤСطɣ
ʤ˵òһһ֮ء
ǶҲô¶ѡ
˵ʥŮڶ򣬻һЩԣ˵ʥŮڶʤľЩ˰
֪Ҳûйϵĳռһ°ɡmʮʥŮλ磬Ĥݡһεıͨƺ͸mʮʥŮеһλйء
ǿףǲòһˡ
һһһ嶯Ļǵʱ۵Ŀɲֹɽˡ
ʤСطʥŮЩŵʵ
ΪҩɵӲôȼ֣ǻϱͨȼƷҩôҲ˵ˣҲֻҩĲܹʥŮķ۰ɣ
Ҳ̾һ˵ʥŮ֮ƺûƢһ㡣
ǿ׹һЦõʥŮµĴ࣬˵ûпܵõͨء
˿
Ǻͳ趼Ц
ʥŮһǶ˵ˡ
ػҩ
˵ԵЩˡ
׿ųЦʵڻҪʩչм˰ʥŮʲôطڶ֪
㲻˵İɣڵ֪һЩʥŮ١ǿףҲȻ
棿ԭЦ֮Ҳ
ǳ㵱ҪͨҪ
֪ʲôǱڳʲô飬̫ŽûκεĹϵ˵ˡ
׿ųǣҲǵͳ˵
ڲ˼ˣȻִˣǱڱˡʥŮҲǱ֮е֪ġ
˵꣬㸽׵Ķֹ˼䡣
һ㶣漴ͷл
ֻǳǻûü˵ЩʲôʱѾǼҴҵ뿪̫Žڡ
ͨʤݵĵһҪ




3300  ʤǣˣ
 

ʤǣ
ʤݵǣ
ǶʤΪĵطо޼ֶƼڴˣ
ǵˣ
ܶȻһĳ֮жӵԼӡǣ
ͱ˵̫Žڣʵ̫о֮еĴԣ
ǣ
ѾǷǳľԶˣΪʤΪ֮أȻҲûǵͷ
ʤݣʵڶֻǵ֮أ
ʤݿӴĵ̣ʵڶֵһᣡ
ʤʵ϶ڶĳһŵĹϽΧ֮ڡ
ʤݵǵˣʵҲɶλġ
ⶫʤ֮У˸µġ
ʤǵĳһƬƺҲֲ֮˵ĹϽ
Ҫȥĵطmֵ
ԭΪԼmûôнԼmԶʵȴǳĽ
ʤݣСطȻmֵĴڣ
Ҳû뵽飬ԭһֱΪm϶Ǹ߸ϵġ

״ڶʤ֮УֻİĳʵЩ̫Ϥ
ԭ״ǰʤѧԺͨϡ
ı⣬ǰmֵһΪðյ顣
ôˣʱ۵Ǻͨô
οһ˰Ŀ겻
ɺ¥
绹δƷʳ
ȻڼҪ֪mֵ
Ҳüһʱɣ
λǳԷǡ
һСģһСҲǳ΢΢һЦ
Է˳Ҫ顭
롭
λСҲǹĽ׸ӭ˽
ɺ¥ȥȷǷǳĲֻǴԵһɨоѾǿˣ
⵹Ҳ֣ϾѾǱٹȣ
Ǳٹôأ
Щ㲻ҲˣЩ˾Ǻһڡ
Ϊʲô
ʵΪһɺϲò
磬Ѿͬˣûиߵ׷ѡҲ޿ɺǵġ
ѲǱ߿ô
Ļʲôأ
֮ƺ֮ɽ֮˸ӵÿˣΪ粻ͬʽҲǸһġ
⡭һ¥Ͷ¥ûˣ¥żֻаˣ
С˿ףҲ˵
ż䣿ô˼
׻ǵһ˵żأҪôУҪôûС
ô°
ǵһɺ¥
С˿ףҲЦʵ
һֻżһǵһ˵ȻҪż䣬Ҳںһ˰ɣ
Щʵǵһ
С΢΢һЦɺ¥һǻ𱬵ĺܣԭȷ˵һǵİǰ䡣ǺΪ̫࣬ЩʱһԸƴʲôģΪܳɺ¥ͬʱҲʡһЩʯ
ԭˣƴֻƴһǵһ
Ҳεҡҡͷʵһ˵ν
¥żһλ᲻ɣ
λС˿ףҲЦʵ
ҲһˣƵʵ
ǵòʵĻаż䣬ˣԡ
С˿ףֻиѡˣ
ˣһ˵İɣ
ҲЦЦȻС˾ͳżķ˹ȥ
ɺ¥¥㲻ߣռȴС
¥Ҳټٸֻʵ̫̫ˡ
֨
СƿţȻֵ񣬱仨
׵ͷҲǽ˰֮У
ڣ
һɴŮŵĳԼǰʳƺǳܡ
׽ˣҲ˿Ӱʳ
̧ͷһף
ʾǿߣ
ֻʶһɨȴһЩԲʵ
ǰλɴŮӣȻʾǿߣе˰
ʲôλС˼Цʵ
һЩɫľͺˣ׿СЩĵ˵
ǶǰŮȤ
ʤطʾ˵ߵˡ
ԸĹܹһλʾ֮ˣҲ̫һɣ
οŮӱ֮֮ǰ죬һַ緶
С֮ҲֻʱľЩ¡
ɾ׵Լζ֮ʣһȵɱɢ




3301  m߱
 

԰ɣЩʯ͵ˡ
ɴŮ³˼֮óһʯǰƮ
һ˲䣡
λŮѾʧɺ¥֮ڣ
üԥһҲǸλʾǿ߷˳ȥ
ԭһٵ뷨һƺҲȻֹ
ɺ¥ֻܹ»ˣ
ʵҲҪʲôֻʾǿֵ̫߳ͻȻѣ
˵
ʵǸλʾǿߵģϲϰɣ
ʶ׸ǸŮûκεѹ
ಣ
һһӰŶʤǵΧֵĶš
׸ں棬Ҳǲ˵ע⡣
Щ֮˵ĿƺֻŮһˣƺ͸ûпһ㣡
ʤһɽ֮ϣ
λԭһԷŮȻͣĿ棬ɽ֮䣡
֮еһɲм֮ɫԱ
겻ɢ
ɴŮŶѾǽΧסλһ
Ϊ׵Ǹ֮һĨɫm߱£ЩΪܻô
ƾǼλŮӵĿ֮һĨȻ
ٺ٣Ȼǣҵˣ߱ҵأ治֪𿴵į˹ʲôĸо
Ϊ׵ĺ˿ŶǸɴŮҲЦ
ֻںģ֪ô˼
߱
ȥͲʲôö
ʲôǸʲôأ
һͷˮĿ棬ӵãˣ
Цһүүһػޣ޺϶Ե죬¶Եأ
ü
һ׿ŶЩˣ
Щ㻹ŵʱm˵ɡΪ׵ĺЦ
mmѾǵmˣֻǱʵ߱ˣǾô±˵ôΪǵһ˽ȻǧİοǿѬİ
￴ǺˣҲһ㣡
Һˣ
Ѿ׵Ժ֮
һԵĻҲЩ𾪵ĿǰŮӣҲǾףŮ
ʲô
׿ͻϣҲһͷˮʵ
˵mʲôĶһ֪
ȻӲ֪׿ν˭ˣ
Ҳ֪λνӦþǿ˵˰ɣ
̣mĳ֮һҲmʮ󻤷֮һǰݰӵֵܣֻǺmǰһΪһ˽ԡ
˵Ҳߣʵͬһʱڵˣ
Ҫǣ̵ľҲһģ
ܹǳҩʦ
ټŴһ뷨Լ飬Žһ
ľû뵽߾Ȼ̵ĺˣ
ҲǵͷΪ˹ֱҲǼᶨӵػ֮ˣҲйϵġ
ǰϼһЩһҲ࡭
ľԼ۵Ƿǳпϵģ
׿Żľ棬ҲЩε˵˵λʵνģҵʵλŮءʱ򡭡
Ͽ׵ɶѪеǣ
ۣ
ŻϵĻһûϲ
Ѫ񵤣
ֶȻҩЧ˵ǿңôȻǺܴġ
濴һۻľСӣͲƽһЩУѪӲȥĻ׾͹ˣ
˵ô죿ҲƵ˵ܲɣҲɣ
°ɣ
˿̣
Զɽ֮ϣɫҲ֮ǰһЩı仯
ĸ˿ƺǸûд㶯֡
һŰɫεӰȻ֮ĲԶ
￴ˣҲĿ֮дһ˿ľ֮ɫ㣡
÷û뵽ȻҪǡ
Ǹ˵һ˿֮ɫȥȻûһ˿ɱ⣡
ֻ˵ص̫ˣ
ǳҵǸԸһ
￴ӣҲһ
m˭ӦĺܣҲΪµػ߳˰ɣѾʧˣӦ֪ʲôɣϻͲ˵ˣǻֵ¼°ɡ
ЦһеķɽѾǳʶȥ
λʾǿ֮սѾˡ




3302  VS
 

ˣ
һӣ
ԭǰɽ壬ѾǱһ룡
֮䣬ɽѣ
ǿߵĸоɣ
λʵȻѾǴﵽʾ۷ʵ
ʵʤݣǶǼΪֲĴڰ
ʵһʼ
׶ȤҲΪʵ
ʾڣ
ŮӵʵԲǶʤеΪʲôߣ
˺ĺأŸŹˣ
ֻû뵽ǣȻͻˡ
ԭֻǿֵףѾǻҪ˵ˡ
ֻƵǣλʾ۷ǿߣʵǿЩûˣ
һУ
ѾЩǱλĶ֣
ȥɣ
ﲢһ֮ˣųһԼμ穣Ҳǳ׵ŭˣ
ŭһҲʧ˿ռ֮У
ƴˣ
֮Ҳһƣԭǵ⼸߱ѣ
Ϊһоƿ֮У֪ǣһиƿ֮У
ǸѾߣ͵أ
Ψһϣһ·ˣȻҲ֪Ƚϵã
ܲ־ܰɣ
֮УʵʵĽѾǻ⳯ųĸǰȥ
ҵĽȻ鴫ֻϧ̫Ϥˡ
Ҳ΢΢ҡͷ
һץ
ʵǿ֮˹Ȼǲһ㣡
˽ȻԿֱֲ̫֮ˣ
ǣ˭ǿأ
￴ųһץ֮˸ľȻһľ
һ̣ԭʵʵĽѾǳ׵ɢȡ֮ǿѪﵥýڵϣ
ȿȿȣ
Լؿڣݺݵ̧ͷŶĳ֮дŵľǲ֮ɫ
ľܣѾǵȵزӦΪԼǰ;˰ɣѲ㻹ҪǰϼһԿmɣ
֮Ĩһ˿֮ɫЩƵʵ
mm֮ػߣѡѡ֮ӣôղúıԼ
ŭһųû˿ĺ֮ɫ
΢΢ҡͷЩ㻹ǲ֪֪ΪʧˣΪȥѰػ𣿹Ҹ㣬ʵѾˡ
㡭˵ʲô
Ļ˸ойƤһ㣡
˵ˣЩأԭǲġѾץˣǸһЩҲ޷һȰһ䣬ͷǰ
ͷǵɱô˵ʱѾע֮ǲܻͷˣ
֮дһĨ֮ɫһ־ı
񣬿Ҳһ᲻ѣ
˻ţΪϣ
ûϣôűͬʬһ㣡
Ĳ붯ɱ㣬лԼģ
֮оȻ¶һ˿Ĳ֮⡣
Լ֪ˣҲͬŻµģͬΪı
￴ųԸʵҡ
΢΢ҡͷ֮ʲôãԸ̫һЩЩԲ׻˵úãòģõҲԣҳȰôʱ䣬ĲֻӲˡ
㡭˵ʲô㡭˵һ飡
￴ųЩ𾪵ʵ
⼸仰ǳ׵ĵ߸ۣ
һֵm֮УŮƣĻɫҲֻ֮˶ѣ㻹ΪҳΪΣ
ԭֻΪɼû뵽ȻˡɣΪĲɣ
ԭȴһģһ̾Ȼȼ

һ̣չֳıǱ
Сطʾһ棬Ҳȴ˵һ׮£
һ¶һ˿ζЦݣЦһ
Ѿǳ׵˾
СطҪԼҲˡ
ʵˣʾ۷ǿߣⶫʤݾǺߵĴ˰
ӷŭ
ʹﲻòˮһսҲճĸˣ
ȷ˫˫ţһû÷ˣٺ٣
֮˸аĹâͬɱĸһ㣡
һ߱ļҲ¶аЦݣһƺѾǰ϶ˣ
ƴ֮ʣһӰɿӹȻʧ˵ĸǰ
һ̫죬쵽óҲûзӦ
ֻǵŭ֮׼׷ʱȴûˡ




3303  ׾
 

˭Ҷ߱Ҫɱ֮ˣʹ
һŭ֮ɫ
һ̣ʶѾǵصĳһƬɨ
û뵽߱ҪɱˣȻ˸ҽغ
ˣۡô죿
֮ǰΪ׵Ǹ˿ųҲһֵʵ
ҵıиֳֻЩ˲ˡһʧܣҲѴ̣Ȼض˵
Ȼô˵ʶȴһ̲ͣɨΧԲ֮ڣ
ϵ֮Ѿŭ죡
ֻǳǸɵӣȻܹƤӵ¾ˣô˵˵ʵǿ
ֻǳ֪˵˲֮˵ĶҪѪˣ
ʤĳôĺ棡
ͣʾ
ﻹûзӦôµʱֳȻˣ
ʲô
Ҫ֪ղǰ֮˾Ҳǧҵľ룡
յ˵ʶֻҪɨһƬǰһѲ˵ģ
ﵱʱһǸɵȱأ
ڿųȻûг򿴣ȻֱӾʹ˻ضˣ
ڸоһĪ

Ҳһղ׼ʱȻŻ
Ϊʲôһֱ׽ӽһ̶أ
ʵϣϢڱΣ޽ӽʱû˷ӦĹ
ﱾ˶ûзӦ
ֹУһɲǵ飡
ɲ֮䣬ѾǴǧ֮أ
ֻҲ֪ȳӦҲǵʯ֮䣡
ǧ׵ľ룬һʱ
ҲΪʲô׺֮ҲûκεĶһԭ
Ϣڱμ׾ȷʱһεӪжԵþͷǳˣ
㡭㡭㡭
֣ȴһӲ֪Ӧ˵ʲôˡ
ףղɺ¥ӣû뵽ȻԼһ
ȫԤõԼڳеһʲô³
߱ˣǿźպյģ
׿ҲЩǸȻ˵Ī֣ղĳһʱ鼱Բųֵġ
㵽ʲôˣΪʲôҪңΪʲôҪң㵽ʲôĿģ
￴ף֮дŵľǷ֮ɫ
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⡭˵ĵȷЩ㵽˭
￴ףҲǣҲǡ
ʵϣһһء
Ļ˭ָ߱Ƥӵ¾أ
ЦŵĳⶫʤݵˣղŹＱҴҵȥΪĳ˷ǮĳһǴϰˣϲŮ͡
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ɴ۾ףһһӣһֱǺ˵˵
¶һŴĳҲû뵽Σգû뵽ﾹȻһλ֣
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𾳣붼Ҫ֣
ǰìܣ
ô۰Ͱ͵ĿףҪ׽ͽ⵽ôԭ򣿣
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СʵӦʲôأ
׿Ҳǰ뿪Цʵ
ǰֺα￪أʾ۷ǿߣܹƤӵ¾ңӦʾ۷ǿ߰ɣҾǰӦǿߡ
ֻǻۼʵʷġ
׿һֵ￴𣬲»ûôߵʵ
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һˣӦþͻˣЦŵ
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ľϣʦ𡭡
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˿̣
￴ףȴһεĺ




3304  շ
 

ʤĳ֮У
׺Զ˻ǱһЩľ롣
ղΪܳ˽ţ׸оϵһصķҷ
ֻ˶鶼ֲֻᣬϾղΪʵЩΡ
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Ȼ׸ղðվԼ˵ȴš
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ⲻǳʲôأ
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￴ľһ̣Ҳûκεİ취ˡ
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ղǱǸճĶԻҲžĳְġϾʦĹϵǱأ
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ͷm߱һ겻ɢǷ˵ĺܡһοǰ˺ܶ׼ǳ޿ܹʤСطġ
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׿ҲЩƵʵ
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ҲǽĴԼĻϻӣ֪ڵӦôˣ
ףžһ˵˵ˡ
ĻЩĿһֱУĻˣ
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׻ǵһ˵ҲЩƵʵ
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׾ò̫ܣЩûеһĵز֮ǰҲԲܱ¶Լʵݵġ
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ţֹӣʱ͸ɣʱҲûʲôȥͷ
ʵֻҪĻѰ֮߱˸Ļ£
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֪mֵ˽⣿
ڵǺܿģһֱǽӴϲ㣬Ӧ֪ܶ࣡
ĿǱͨ
˵ﻹĿ԰æҲ˵ء




3305  ֵ
 

mֵֹôúõˣ
Ȼʾ֮ˣ׵ʱƽƽ
ڶɻ׵ôȵԼ
֮ǰĳǰ̫ŽڣһЩmֵ飬˵ʱһλʥŮ
׿Ҳǵʵ
֪黹ͦģʵ֪Ϊʲôһʱⶫʤô
ﲻǳλʥŮİɣЦʵ
ͷǳλʥŮmʮʥŮλ磬ͻȻССĶʤݣ㲻ô
ôһ˵ȷЩġҲǵͷ֪λʥŮĿģ
Ȼ֪
ЦһȻλʥŮûκεĺøУ
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һʤį˹ʵϵⶫʤҲ貹ֹһЩ֮֡ڵĶҲ˿ġ
ŶⶫʤݾȻĻԻʷЦŵ
ͷҪȻΪССĶʤʲôܹ˵ĵطأλʥŮǳԱ˳ŵģ
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ֹӹȻϻۣⶫʤݵȷкöպĵˮǴӶʤݳȥġ
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̾һλˮͽŷұ绹ʮֵġֻŷұҲǱm֮˸ס˵ںܶǰͱ֮˲ˡ
m֮׳ʵ
㵹ʵر˵ȴʽ񣿡￴ףҲһεʵ
ݸһЦϲ䲻⣡
ðɣһϢд棬ǵѾˣʵĶԣ˵ģʻŵأҲЦŵ
һ⵶ȻѾˣһm֮˵ϣΪm˻ŴأοʤȻǵˮķ֮أǸʱˮӦʵôɣ
ȻmʥŮˣ˵϶ģҵõϢǣλʥŮ˵Ƿ˵Ĺأ
֪ĹصλãȻʵ
λã֪ĻǰȥôõλʥŮ
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˵ֹӣ֪һλʥŮǳʲô𣿾˵ǳŵˮĴ˵⵶ƵľƷսҲĹ֮аǱm֮˵õǡ
΢΢һ̾Ҳ̸˵ĵ׶ԻǲԣУΣ𿿵ˣĿɲʲôҲʲôУ
ֹӣû뵽Ȼ˵С֮ʦǲЩ˵аѲɾûһΪԼʦ𱨳ľ𣿡
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εҡҡͷܱĻɱmȥˣı󶯣ô򵥵ĵ㲻֪νֻm֮˳Ц
˵˵ȥ£ҲǷŭ˵
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һͬΪıȻͬǾ̸ˡлл͸ҵһװǣ

׿ȥӰҲǼæ
׼ںʱѾʧһƬ򣡣
׿ȥıӰҲ΢΢һ̾
Ҳ֪Ҫʲôˣ
ʵʥŮҲڴ⣬⻹Ҵ
mʥŮôǵ֮أ
ʾڣ
ҲѾǷǳˣ
ˣΪ˱ͨҲƴһѰ
Ҳһ̾ȻŶʤǵķ򼲳۶ȥ




3306  ĵĺ
 

ʤǣ
һλصʤǵʱ֮ǰ뿪ûʲô
˵ʵ֮⣬˭Ҳ֤Լղʲô
˵׵Ҳǲڣ
һγȥܹò˵ҲһԵ֡
ֻŮԸЩңҪΪã»ҪһЩ
ټһǳʮʥŮҲεĺܡ
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޿ܣ
һײҲ֪Ҳֻܹˣ
׳ŶʤѧԺķ򼲳۶ȥҪҺͨ˽һЩ
ڶʤĵطͷ߻ҪԼ֪ĶһЩҲ˵أ
ʤѧԺԣһռĵ붫ʤѧԺ
ǶʤѧԺԺʦסĵط
ݼͬÿһ˷ֵõĵطҲһ
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콿׵ıǺͨĶӺܣ
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ͨ콿ͯ˻ʲô˼ǺңҶ䲻ǼҵŮˣ
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콿Ƶ˵ͨϺڶʤѧԺôãǶ˰ͯһҩʦһִ¶ѡƾʲô˻鰡ⲻǼûеطô
ǰ״ˣ˵Ҹĸֲǲ֪
ЩεĿԼĸףҲǽ˵
ͨЦһͯǼ˼Ǻҿ̣˵ˣѾ뿪ʤѧԺȥɽˡ
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콿Ҳǽ˵ͨûлͷ·İ
ҺͨҲɵӣԼһЩǿġֻܸ߾ˡ
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һ̣ͨԼǲڵģ
Ϻ©ƫҹ갡콿ŹִĺͨҲ΢΢һ̾
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ͨ˵֮ҲǸϽվ漲۶ȥ




3307  ⿴
 


ͨҲøԼķ˺Ͷӽô࣡
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ͨȻЩţǼеĴǿɶġ
һҲ֪ȥɽϺܶķ顣
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콿ͺȻҲһӵ֪Ϊʲô˻Ὣͨڲƭȥʲôڡ
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΢΢һЦȻڵˣӱڶӡȻ˵Ѷϼ£ڽ컹Ҫһϵġ




3308  ֱӭ
 

֮ڣ
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ղſܾ˵ˣʵͯҲûʲôϵ֮ǰͯͻȻҪӲǮͲԼŮˣ˾֪ϺȥҲǣȥҲǣ
콿ףΪľ顣
ԭΪԼͷӻͺˣǺ֮ͨȴԸ飡
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ټϺ֮ͨǰոԼҪȥɽְ콿оϺһ㰡
ⱳҩʹ֧˰˵ҲΪ˺
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׵һ仰úͨһԵ콿Ҳ¶֮ɫ




3309  Ǯ
 

ֱӭף
ܸղűԼĸ״һĶ⣬ǹڻ
ҸԼĸڿԽԽ˳ˡ
ܾڵȴʱҪɽǵСطˣʱ򿴵ͯҵĲ嵥ʱǸʲô飿
ֻû뵽ǣ˼嵥һۣȻ˵ֱӭĸ֣
νֱӭ֪ܲô
ȻͯҿﵽֱӴͯͿ뿪ˡ
Ǵﲻǵʱ͸ͯ˵ݰˣ
ܶͯģͯҲˡ
ԭ˵Ѿǰ϶ˣû뵽ڻڽʱȴ
˿̣
콿ԼĶڵʵҲǲġ
λ˵ĿǲСҲ嵥ֱԼĶȥӭˣ
Ѳɲ嵥͡
콿оʵ̫ԸһЩѲΪⶫʤɽô
ͨҲЩε˵ˣĳΪȿ嵥˵ɡ
ݸһЦڼȻ˵ˣ׼ˣ
׼ôĲǿһʲƵķð
ܴ˿ҲҸˣ˼˵ôƶҲһ
Ͼ¹ԼҸҲС
ðɣȻ˵ĻǱھȿһۣҲǰ׼ˣ
ʵνֻǸʯйصĻĲȱôʯ
Ȼ˿һɽ˿϶ԣ
ҲֻԼ֪ԼǸԣǲԣġ
콿ϽԼĴָ֮ͳһŽӲӵ嵥ݸЩǸȻ˵֮Ҫ
һԵĺͨҲ¶֮ɫͯԺҶȻǺÿ
ʨӴ󿪿ڰ
Ŀһ嵥֮Ҳһ
ˣͯ治ǸҲŸͨһȰο
ܿףҲǳӦ֪Ϊʲôô˵˰ɣǶǵģ
ˣκʱ򶼲ҪԷƱ׿źܣҲ΢΢һЦ
Ƶ˵סΪûйϵйϵĻͲô˵ˣ
ǺǣڲǸйϵôЦŷʵ
콿׵ͯʨӴ󿪿ڣԾǲǼҿȡģǺһǡʡͯˣ
ǧƷʯ׿ĵһУԹԵ˳
ͨЩŭɶ˵ǧƷʯôȥأ
ʲôǧƷʯڻõóġ׵˵
ˣ˵ʲô
ͨʵҲûΪôǮ˵ʵ뷨ԼĶӲ࣡
ϾǴɽģһóôʯҲ̫˰ɣ
ǧƷʯڶʤҲһΪӴְ
ЩҲûôʯ
ЦŵһǧƷʯû⣬ڶʮƷƾҲû⣬ֻһƷ
Ҳ˵ҪĲж٣Ҳ쳣ѵġǺĳҲƲ
ͨףҲߵ˵
˵ǰƷƾʵͨҲǸƲ֣
Ԫ񵤣
ȼĵҩƾͬһεġ
Ԫ񵤱֮ƾƵѶҪʮ
Ҳ˵ܹƷԪ񵤣һܹƷƾ
ͯҵÿһѹǼңʵΪ˴Ǻҵֱ̫ʵǲһҪЩֻһȥ
콿ΪΪѣҲǸϽ
ʵ˼ܹǰѾǷǳܿɹˡ
Щǿѵĸо
ȼĵҩڶʤݿ˵ǼΪĺġ
ΪǼһˡ
˵ƷƷһƷҲǼΪģ
Ҳ˵ʹﲻֻЩСˡ
ʼһȻı飬ͨΪʲôʵһֱľһݵʹݡ
Сãͨ׵ĻҲǾ㵵ʵ
֮ܿǰͻƵʱ׶ܹóһƷƻʵ
˵˼ҲƷأ
һ뵽ߣҲĿɿڴĿʵƷǰɣ
ǰߵҲûôʵֻƷˡ
ǿϧֿϧı飬һԵ콿ͺһ̳׵ľˣ




3310  ǰͯ
 

𾪣
Ҵ˿̿ףǾǿŹһ
ȻУ
ǧƷʯѾúܺ콿Ŀˡ
ټʮƷƾֱһģ
ǸʤܹóſҲûм
֡˵𣿡
ܴ˿̿ף֮г֮⣬ʣµıǾˣ
ں˵Ⱳӿ¶ôĺö
˼ΪȻһóôȢףԭ׵ЩԹʲôģ˿Ҳɢ
׿źЦŵӶʤѧԺڣ˵ʲôҲúʧɣȻûʲô̫ĲôС黹ǿ԰׵ģ

׵úͨҲһ˾콿ͺ֪ܵΪʲô˰ɣΪҸһֻǰɽȷһ㣬ɽǿǽˣ
֮ͨǰǲ֪ôɶ
콿ͨһ˵ҲЩ˼ĵͷ
Σ콿ʼջǱһֵľηġ
һЦŵԺԼˣЩС˵Ҳͺˡ
ͨЩ֪ѵһٸԣ
ɫ֪ͨˣԺ󿡽һúõΪЧ
׵ͷţȥͯһ˰ɣڱڵݣʱܾˣڻ̫鷳
ǣ
ͨӹ˵ʵ׵һγֵǰͰ
˼ѾԼչڵ£˵Լһ¶ѣ
ȻڿԼʵ֮Ҫ߳һЩҲΪ˸ƻʵô
ΪƻʵⱲӺͨҪͻƵʾΪˣ
ЩʱҲҪһְ
һʱ֮󣡣
ͨԼķ˺Ͷӻױ㳯ͯҵķ򼲳۶ȥ
˿̣
ͨãһ뵽ͯ峤ͯºӸԼҲһ
ԼĶ洧ǧƷʯʮƷƾһƷҲģ
ʤݣͯң
ͯڶʤֻһСļ壬˵Ҳǲģ
ûִĵ̺ͯҼҲˣ
峤ͯºӱͯΪҪ
ʵϣ
֮ǰͯºһҪʸ֦ǧټƵҪԼŮ޸ҩʹȵĺĵӣ
һ·вͨΪҩʹȵѹҲͯСС
ͯºӲģһεĽĿⶢ˶ʤҩʦĸ᳤ͬʱҲǶʤѧԺĸԺͨϣ
ͯºҩʦִµݣԼŮͯͺ᳤ĹӺܴһ
Ϊˣⴴ˲ٵĻᣡ
ҲΪˣҲǲ˸飬Ÿ뵽̸ۼ޵ĵز
ֻͯºԼҲû뵽һлôͻȻ
ҩʹһ£ͯºͨԭõĻ¸ˡ
ͯºߵʱһͷ󣬵ͯһֱҩʹģҩʹȵ³˵Ҳ֪
֮£ͯºӲŪһݺͨòĲ嵥
ĿľΪú֪ѶˣϻǸһЩӣ
ֻͯºӲ֪ǵûи˼ӣͬʱˣ
˿̣
ͯҵĿ֮ҲǶżˣһӸ翴ȥҲΪ
ͯ峤Ǻͨʲôʱ㣿
˵֮˱ǸĹӸ磬ֽ壡
˵ҲЩͷģҩʹȵĺĵӣҩʹȵλҲǷǳ֮ߣ
ͯº˵ЩľսЦһֶҴӦ֮ڸ𸴵ġ
ߣǺõóôĶò绨һͯ峤Ըˡ
廹һ߸ϵӣͯºǲҵˡ
һԵͯɫʮֵѿ
Ϊֻкһˣκ˴ʱݲµģ
ǣֶԼǡͯĳԸӺ˵𰡣
ͯºһƵĿ壬Ҳüʵ
ٺһЦͯ峤һֱҪԼŮҩʹôһͬˡ
˻棿ͯºû뵽ȻЩϲʵ
嵭˵Ǵҩʹ׵ôһͯͯǱҵʦУԺҩʹȵ˰

ͯºӿ壬ҲǴ·Ǳһһ㣡
ڴʱ
ӰֱӿͯңͯºӿˣͬһԵļͬʱվ




3311  Ӳĺͨ
 

ͯҸۡ
ͯºӺԼŮͯķڿ֮У
λõĺȻǴҩʹȹĴҩʹȺĵ壡
˷
Ϊ֮ͯ£
Դɽ֮ҩʹʱûжɽ̫Ķ
Ͼɽıʻڵ֮УһʱҲǸ׵ĵϸ
û˽֮ǰǻѡ˱صӦԣ
ҩʦһ飬ҩʹȵոյҩʦĻ᳤ǵĵһҪǹϵһ֮ˣ
ͨ
ԭҪΪУһͨˣҩʹҲ߲ѣ
ټϺͨҩʹȿ֣һŭҩʹȵˣ
ԣҩʹھҪúͨ涪
ͯҾúͨ澡ʧһڵ֪֮ͯҲʹа
Ҫ֪ͨôҲǶʤѧԺĸԺ
ҩʹȵǲɵĻǾԲͨĳͻġ
ֻôҲû뵽ͨȻԼͯºӵһ̣ҲͯҸۡ
᳤ͻȻãô֪ͨһͯĳ
ͯºӴ˿̿źͨʵҲǷǳεġ
Ϊҩʹ֮˵ĻҲôɵģ
ͯºҲƵĺܣΪղ˵ԼŮܹҩʹȵʱǻģ
Ǹļһһﰡ
ͯºӶҩʹȵ˻ǶЩ˽ģҲѧ֮ˣ
ԼŮ޸˵ĻǵھǼ޸һ
Ǽ޹ȥҩʹҲΪ˵Цģ
ڵͯºҲǿˣҩʹѹԼڻҶѣҪԼŮҸΪǰᣡ
һʱ䣡
ͯºЩҩʹˡ
ͨͯºӵӣҲһ˵ִͯ»ǸЦĺܣ嵥Ǹܵİɣ
⡭
ͯºӿźͨЩˣ
ûᵽֵʱ϶Ǹͨ͸ˣ
ȷҩʹȵǵɵӣҲͲڵͨˣ
ˣʱҩʹ˺Ƥˣ
Ҫ֪ͯºӿɾͯôһŮȻ˼ܶ࣬ջϣԼŮܹһ˼ҵģ
ͯ峤ôҲǲ޴ŮΪ˸ĸҲ֮
忴ͯºӾȻηηӣҲվźͨ
ͨ壬Ҳ֮ԱǵһЦǺҸͯҵ飬ҩʹȵʲôʱԱ˼ҵĻҲȤˣ
᳤ԲӣĳͯȻҲҪΪͯ峤˵仰ˡ֮ǰͯ峤ἰΪ޲ףǺ᳤ܹͯ峤ҪȻͿȢϱ˲𣿡
忴źͨҲǵ˵
㲻ͯºӵҪ󣬸ҲûйϵԺִͯ˵޹ԱǲҪ廰ĺã˾ҩʹԴС֮¡
ͨη壬Ҳ֪׻ԼҩʹѾûа취ˣ
ȻĻΪʲôҪҩʹȵӣ
ǺͨѾʾǿߣ˵¶ǳһӵţ
㡭ָ̧źͨܿЦһźԺƴ֣ӦҲѾ׼˲ˣĳҪԺǲ׼ˣ

Ϲ˳֮⣬ȲмҲһĲˬ
ͨЦһһȥ
źͨĻҲصһվͨΪ˭Ҳ¸㣬Ҫͯ뿪ߵģѾǽͯҵʦбµĻȥ
ͯºӣ𣿡ͨͯºӣҲʵ
һԵͯۿ֮ҲˮԼĸһЩʧʹ
ܿԼŮ˺Ҳһȥסͯ
һʱ䣡
ͯҸ֮ۡڳһĨϢ
ͯºӿźͨҲ̾һԺõóݲĻͯĳ˵ֱӽŮϡ
ŮҪЮԺĳ𣿼ֱͨŭһ
ͨװʲôߣΪΪʳبŲĵο̸ۼҲԸ飬Ϊòǵֺ߱˼֮ࣿ־˵ľɣ
һҲǼ̣ʲôԺˣֱӺͨˣ
˭㱾Ժòģ㶫Ժûзϣ
ͨ壬Ҳŭһ
ֻ仰һԵͯºӶĿɿڴǻΪԼˡ




3312  Ϊţ
 

Ӧ
ͨİͯºӺ嶼ڵ
Ҫ֪ͯºӵһݲ嵥ҲǾҩʹ׿֮Ÿ˺ܵģ
ҩʹȵ˿һǧƷʯͨͲõó
ʮƾһǾ͸ӲҪˣ
еһǶΪͨò
廹ͯºӣ
ǶΪͨͯºʦȻ˻ģ
ֻһٴ̼ȴúͨ˵ĵһ仰
ͯºЩֵĿźͨԺⷹҳԣɲ˵
ͨͨû뵽㻹һҪӵ˰Ȼ˵ЩĳҪôóģòĻǽͯɾͱҴˣ
忴źͨҲƵ˵
Һҵϱ߻ûôף
ͨһ˵Ĵ̼Ҳ׵Ķ֣
Ҫ֪ԼҵһԿû˵ֻܹ׵ɫˣ
һʱ䲻ͨƤˣĵǲˣأ
ȻҪǾĹۺúÿ
ͨһ̸оԼҲǺɣҲ֪׵ĻѹҲûĵ

ʯѻͯҸ֮ۡУͨϻ˼ƿ
ͨͯºƿƾÿƿţһƿ֮һһǱˣԺûƷֻøƷˡ
˻
ͯºźͨĻ˸оһļƤ
ʵͯºﲻ֪ͨжٵۣ
źͨģ˵Ǽٵģ
һԵ콿ҲǿŶͯĸ⻹ҪлλǺҵĺ񰮣ҪȻһ֪ǼϺжٵأ
ͯºӺ¶֮ɫ
һҲ֪ӦôȥԺͨһˡ
ʵĽǶ˵ͯºڷһ
ԼŮֻҪ޸ǸʲôĶǺ˵
ļ޸ĻԺ군ˣ
ɴ۾źͨǿǼǧƷʯѻɽʱҲŵ
ԥһǵߣƾһһЩҾͲˣһƷ㴵ʲôţأ
壬ԺҩʹȵˣŴĸӣ㲻ҪƲԳԷƣ
ͨҲƢˣһСͱ˵ӣΪʾҲʾֵĽģ
ǣԺƢ˰֪Ժ󿴵ǼǲҲôӲأ
Ƿһ˿ЦҲ֮ɫ
㡭
ͨŭһҩʹȵĺĵӾȻ͸Ҷ㣡
ҩʹȵ˻ǲԼа
˿ź֮ͨĳͻҲЩҿ
ͯºһң߶Щҵˡ
ʲô㣿ҵҪǼ١
˵ҪⵤҩͨɫԭҪˣ
ֻǾںͨôʱȴһ˳ҩʹŴڣԺҾûҪ˼ҵġ
ǡ
ͨףҲЩĿɿڴ˵ˣ
Ҫ֪
׵Ƣ˽ģ˵Ӧһˡ
ǺͨôҲû뵽׾Ȼĸǰˣ
ⶫʤ֮ҲǱõ͵˺ܶడ
С˭ͦʶģ
忴ףҲ¶һ˿ЦݣȻֱӴӺͨжһö

ȼֵǵıôŹأ
ڶƾǧƷʯǲôȤȤľ
ƷĻǽ϶Ҫߵģ
ƿһ˲䣬ѾǸܵȵ
˿̣
ҲһѪӿ
ŵҩȻƷͨ͡û뵽㻹˽أǰҩʹ뿴ˡϣһǺһôõ
˵꣬Ȼö֮ľ׼뿪ˣ
ⶫƺɣͨһ
忴ͯºӣʵͯ峤ûɣ
ҡ
ͯºӵȻˣôʣһҲûشˣ
һ˾ڵ͵ĸҪҩʹȵ˶һ·ɫҩʹȵĵӣ
׿壬Ҳʵ
ô˭Ȼҳҩʹȣм
忴ףҲŭһʵ
˭㻹֪ڹ¸Ǹһԡ
ԭЦݿģѾʧȡ֮һ䣡




3313  ɱ
 

̹ǵĺɢͯҸۡ
׵Ҳһ˿Ц
Ҳ˵ģ
ڶʤݣû˸ҸҩʹôĲ
ΪʤݵҩڣǸܶĳŶҵϵ
ûԸһΪṩҩţΪԾĹһֱ֡
ֻΪԼţ棬˱ţף
׵Уû˭ǲģ
ҩʹȣ
׵ǲֵһĴڣ֮ǰǳ̫鷳ΪҪעmֵλصʮʥŮϣ
ֻҩʹȵʵЩʶ̧٣
ܺͯճɾϵļ֮ɫδɢ
Ϳ׾Ȼҩʹȵ˷ˣ
Ȼڶ˳׵ĸı䣬ʼס
ɶں˵ҩʹȷ·һԽĴɽһ㣡
ڵĺʮֵĵ׵İΣЩľսĿŶλеĵ֮ɫ֮ǰ
Աߵ콿Ҳǲ⣬Ͼǲ֪֮ǰѾǸҩʹȵ˳ͻ
һҩʹȵͷŵˣ
ͯºӺ죬˿ͯҷ飬Ҳһͷ
ڳ˿֮⣬ܹʲô飡
˿ɫ쳣ѿĿ֮дһ˿ȻµǸǳܲ𣡣ͨվߣɱң
ҲɵͨʵȷҪ߳һ˿˿ģ
ΪڵǿߣںͨĸǰЩμ穣
ԣĵһĿ˺ͨϣ
ںͨߵǸһҲǸһ۵ģ
ͨ˿һԵףһҲԥ֮С
˵һԼֱһźأ
׿źͨ˵ɡ
СӣȻ˴ԲѣǵҲң
忴ףҲһת
Ȼ
ҪǸֱͨӳͻǾǲǵġ
˽ֵĻûѹˡ
QĺܻСӣȻҪԼͼһˣ
׵˵˵һΣ¸ǸͯҸ֮ۡء
ҩʹ֮˻û¹˭Ҫ˵ٰʽ
忴ףҲǶݺݵ˵
ô˵ǲǸˣ׵Ƿһ˿Цݡ
ôҧҰ
忴ףҲŭһ
ղסǿɾ͹ֲˣ
΢΢һֻ̾һĽѾǳˣ
¡
廹Ǳ޼ɵЦţ׵޷潣Ѿǵִﵽĸǰ
ֵıЩŤ
һ̣
ĸоһ޵Ŀ־壡
̫ǿˣ
µĶۣôҲû뵽һղԼļһȻʵ˵ǿ
ۣ
գ֮䣬ĵѾǸ̴ѪֱģͯºӷҲڵ
Ǿֵı鲻ѾйƤһ壡
һԵĺͨף֮ҲǴһ˿𺳣
һʱȥû뵽ʵ˳Ľ
Ҫ֪ڶսʱ׵ʵûôǿ
뵽׵ͨһļǱһ㣡
ȿȿȣ
˫ϥ¹Լĵ֮ϵҲ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ȡȾҡǾȾҡ
һĿ׺ͺͨһ̳׵ĺˡ
׿嵭˵ҩʹȵһǲײĲᣬİɣһҩʹȵ˻ȥһģ
㡭˭㵽˭
忴׾Ҳŭһʵ
вգɽף
׿壬ҲǷâ
㡭ף㾹Ȼܵʤ㡭㲻к³ģģ
׵ĻЩĿɿڴ
ڵ黹ֲģöĹԼɡ
¶һ˿ǳЦ·һиûκεĹϵһ㣡
ɽɱ֮ã׵ѾǱüӲ
ȻɱǶԴˣû˿֮ͬɫ
ֻҪлᣬҲǾԲܷԼġ
ȥɣ
׻ʱͯºὣֱӺɱ˶壡
ôҲû뵽ԼľȻͯºӣ
ҲЩ㶵Ŀͯºӣǻͦݵİ
ԺͯºӾ͸ˣҩʹ̫ôҲ
ͯºһȻĿף⵹ЩЦã
׿źͨͯºӣҲǵ˵Ҫѯλ˵ɡ




3314  ͯºӵİ
 

֮ͯУ
ܵ˵һԵƫ֮Уֻ֮ʣסͨͯºˣ
ڵͯºӿȥЩΣΪ֪׵˭
Ҳûа취ѾҩʹȵˣѾǱѡˣ
ԼŮ޸˺ͨĶӣԺҩʹȵ˻ʲôɫ
粫һѣ
ͯºӲָһѡҲǳ׵ĸıͯҵˣ
֮У
׿źͨͯºӣҲǵ˵ڻҪһˡ
ˡͯĳ죬Ժô˺أ
ͯºӲ֪ͨѾǼڣҲƵʵ
ͨͯºӵ˵ԺѾڵĸˣڶʤѧԺĸԺһְԺѾڽʽȥˣ
⡭
ͯºĿɿڴĿźͨҲһãȻ
뷨콿һ޶ΪɽʼɽʤʼǶʤݰ
ͨЦͯºӣղնɱ壬˵С³Ҳ࡭
ǣ֮ǰͯĳ顭ͯºӻδѹҲǹ
װڰֵȻͯ峤նɱ壬Ǳ׵ѡټͯ峤Ϊ׼ңҲԼˡ
ĻͯĳԸհ
ͯºҲ˳ŸΨһĳ·ˣ
ҪȥԿҩʹȣûĵģ
ͨû˵ˣһҲǸʲôö
֪ܸĪɣҲԼĶӺԼĶϱһֱиɣڿĽǲģ
׿źͨҲȰο
˵һͯºӵҲǲѡ
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׿ͯºӣҲֿ˻ܹϢĽȥҪðһЩˣ
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3315  mֵ
 

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mֵʮֵĹϣ˵Ѿ˺ܶܶ꣬Щ޷ˣ
Ҫ֪ԭʤСطǲmֵģ
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ҪضƲܹ룡
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ܶ򲻵Ķmжǿõġ
ܶΪܹmֵҲǴ֡
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ͯºҲ֪ҩʹȿʸҲҪˣ
ڳҪòðײð
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ͯºӲǲȥԼȥʵЩף
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ԣ޷Ϊ޷Ȥ
ΪʲôӴף
Ȼ֮ǰ˵ܹmֵ˶ǷǸˣǻһǧǲܺԵģ
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ȴʲôȤЩˣǺ޲źأ
Ժȥʱӣʱ̸Ҳʲô֪ģ
ھǱ˸϶ˣ
վſɨǰһۣҲƽĵĺܣʵ̫̫ˣ
ǸĻÿ컹ñ
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ʱһӯӰֵ׵ĸǰһȥЩŮĿ׵ʲôҪ𣿡
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ֻǵһǰˣЦŵֻǹܸܲҽܽܣ
񣬲֪ҪʲôʵޣûʲôرҪߵ޻ǺܶģҴӦоУ
ľһѾûԭôĽˡ
׵ͷǱ߱߿ɡ
ԵģҪĻʹ߿ʼɡľһƵ
ѾmֵҲҪӽһЩˣȻ浽ʲô
ֻڿŮƺԼʲô̫İ
ľҲǳ޷רŷ޳û˹ȥ
̤󷨵һ̣Ŀ֮дһ˿ϲ֮ɫ




3316  
 

mֵ޷
޷ȥǲ󣬲ȷʵж죡
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׽޷񽫾޵һ̣ܵһɷǳϤζ
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ײɫĳǰȥҲһĿϲ
ܹ˵ĻǾǲеġ
ľ꿴ЦŵȻ˵񽫾ޣҲǲβ룬֪ϣʲôƷģ
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׿ľ꣬Ȼô˵ʵ֮ҲǼѣ
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޷ʱ䲻ֻܹܹܶԼ
һ׵ĵʵҲ˲Ҫл©ġ
οʵȷһҲ̫Ӷ飬ûκεˡ
ȻľȷԼְҵأκǲ졣
һʱȻɴǳĻܹСĳɼҲ˵أ
һͷ׻ô
ߵһֻ׻޵ĸǰҲǵʵ
ֻֻ׻׵ʱӶɳˡ
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ͷ׻ͷ׻ĳɫǳĲأҾ˵½İ׻ǱǳĴ۸񡭡
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Ŷ½ģƷӦǺܲҵЩˡ
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İ׻һ峤û뵽Ȼطˡ
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˵ļǲһʵ׸ʱҲ쳣ң
ǰֻ׻񽫾֮ǼƷˡ
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ֻҪһ⣬˵ҲмǧʯΪ
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ǧƷʯüͷľ굹ǵһЩһԵɽͲˣ
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۸ȻЩߣ׻ƷǺܺð
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mֵ೤ʱˣ׺Ȼĵʵ
ľһ㶣漴Ҵӳmֵˣԭסɡ
ԭסô˵mֵ˽ⲻˣ׼ʵ
Ӧö֪İɣľЩƵĿס
ΪԭסmֵȻƺܴ󣬿ʵȦҲô󣬶޷ϢԴȽϵĹ֪ĶһЩҲġ
ٺ٣ӦһĻͷ׻ұˣ
׿ľ꣬Ҳһת
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ʵǳļ򵥣ǾϣӶľһʱ䣬ֻҪľӦͷ£
׿ľ꣬ڵȴĻش
ľһҲ˾֮Уǵһء




3317  ľ
 

㵲ѣ
ľôĿף֪ǰλΪʲô
˵ʵ
ľ겢ʮֵĶϾ׹ӶԼһʱȻڶʱܹջһıꡣ
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Ͼ޷ǰ귢ʯȻÿһٿƷʯ˵Ǻܶࡣ
һˣ
ľӦûõǧƷʯΨһľĵط
ʮֵȱʯԼǸĹѾǷ˲ٵʯ
ľǸТŮôĿԼĸױ˸Ūأ
ҲΪʲôһֱҪ׬ȡʯһԭ
ǧƷʯȷǿԽȼü֮һʧȥһݹľ˵õĹҲǲ׵ģ
޷mֵȻõģҲǰʮĴڣ
һܹҲǷ˲ٵأ
ľ꿴ףԥһλΪʲôһҪӶأʲôѵ⣬ȫԸġȲҴ޷뿪ҲԽȼü֮𣿡
ҲеֻĳϣľܹʱȫĵͶ뵽ҵ
׿ľ꣬Ҳǵ˵
ǡľ껹һԥ֮ɫʶʵ֪ӶҶ೤ʱ䣿νģ
ľ֪ôҪʯ
ĵǲܱģ
һ㶣漴ЦŵӶʱ䳤̸ʵһҵǲұ֤೤ʱ䣬ǺľﻹԸµĻҲľˡ
ֹӣгһЩ⣬һЩʯ˵ֱˬһЩȻֹ飬ҲҪ֪һ¾Ρ
ľ꿴״ʣԾͽ˵ڿżɽһЩˣ
׹һЦȻľ˵ˬ죬ôĳҲˡľҪٵʯܽ⣿
ֹʲô˼ľ꾪㵵Ŀʵ
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ֹӣȻˣҲҴˡĿǰĻҪʮƷʯ
ľ꿴ףҲǵ
Ѿˣľ˵벻˵һġ
Ȼˣܺùһϣûеĺðɣ
ʵľôʣҲΪ޷Щٲά衣
һʱ䣬һ⻹ûأһЩʵĿͻ϶Ǳǰ˸ˡ
Ϊһˣҷһµģ
ʮƷʯֵҲǺܴ󡣼Ȼ˵ĻǾôˣ׿ľ꣬Ҳǵ˵
ˣʲôˣ
ľ˿̿ף·ǿһһ㣡
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ЦŵʮƷʯӶʱΣʱɶҵġ
ֹӣ˵ļٵİ
ľţþϵڱҲôɣ
׽һ棬ҲֻԳĳֵ֪ġ
һֻ㱵ĸо
װڰֵǧĳںںССʮƷʯô
ֹӣĿԸʮƷʯֹӡһֱֹΪֹ
ľǼģû뵽һ
óǧƷʯֻ׻޵Ļôʲôɲ˼óʮƷʯԼأ
׵ͷͷ޳ɣҴߣ
ɽ˿ļǿ֪ģû뵽׵۾ǿóǧƷʯ
оԼҪʼˡ
ľͷǿԵģֹҪ޷һ¥ȥǮء
İɣǧƷʯĳǲϵģ׵˵
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ɽ˳֮һεĻع鵽˱壡
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׽ɽ֮УľȻ̫̾࣬һ޵ĿռҲʲôֵ顣
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3318  ŵٽ
 

޷һ¥ڣ
һΪ޵Ůľĸǰֺ˿һĵθڣ
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ٽ㣬𣿡
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ԼĸΪģһҶЩ಻ԣ
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޷ǴȥˣѾǴӦףǰ˵Ҳû̫ľη֮ģ
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ΪȵĻͷˣ
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ٽŮӿľ꣬Ҳ¶һ˿޵Цʵ
ٽ㣬ǲҪ⣬̹ƺλûʲôϵɣľ꿴ٽҲ
ӴǣһСѾͷƬڳӲǰɣٽŭһ
ٽ㣬Ҿһٽ㣬ǶʲôԼҲĺܣ
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ȻԵ۸ľ꣬ǱĻǺܺõġ
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ڿľ˵ţһԵһŮӵСģȥҰƹչ
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ԼʲôûиɣƾʲôԼ߰
ҪߣҲӦԼķʽ뿪
㣿ʲô㣿챾ƹĻҪӴͣﲻʡĵļһﶼͣһ㣬Ļȫ
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޷ǰ˶ǶǰŮˣ˭




3319  ֣
 

С㣡
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Ҳ֣ͨ˵ĴС㣬Ůʮֵ⣡
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ľ꿴֣̣ҲһԵ˵˳
ԺҲ޷ˣΪʲô˵أ
ɸҷģ̵֣ɫѾǱһƬ
кβңʵľ갺ͷ
Ǹٽ˴˿ѾɫɷףһԵ֣ͨҲˡ
֣ͨЩŵĿ̵֣󡭡С㣬ģԲģ
֣ƹģȻ޷ʱ䲻Щһ֪ġ㹴漸˵޷׬ȡ۲ҪΪҲ֪
ľһֱҪ֣ͨˣ
ԭ֣ͨǱ٩٩̸ԼΪ޷˶ٵĹףأ
ľôһ˵Ҫˣ
ʵÿٵĶУһ̨֮ǾͲһˣ
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һνĴС㲻ͷ֣ͨԺľط׶֮ô
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ֲ֣ɵӣ֣ͨǻŻּڱӣһӱ֪пģ
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֣һ֣ͨСһλᣬ˵е齻СԴᴦ
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ڿʲôٽˣһ˪һ㡣
̴֣˿̿ȷǱСˣղŵ˱С㣬ô㣿




3320  
 

֣ɫ΢䣡
ֻղŵһ˿ɱѾʧӰ٣
׵ҲûôŮ˻һŮˣ
һζ᲻ĻǽĲˣ
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ѹҲط֣ΪûоԵİգ
ҪҲһʱץסǰŮӵġ
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֣С㣬ҲǰһЩǹͰɣ㲻ǽҲˣҪˣӵĵ
׿֣̣Ҳ΢΢һЦ
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޷ĺ̨Ҳ֪ģ˵֣綼쵱Ĵڰ
ĵλ֣СĻλֹӿҲҪˣ
ľһЩ֮ǰô嶯ľٶˣ
֣ʱۿ˿ף֪Լ֮Ȼ˵ĵȻԼһ˿ĵ٩
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֣һֱָ߸ϵ֣ƽ˶ҲǱϹϾġ
䲻ĳôһӷЩ
Ҫ֪֣Ҳû˸Ҹô˵İ
֣̿ף¶һ˿޵Цݵô˵С㻹Ӧøлˣ
֣СӦõĻĳû
״ֵ˵˿Ҳں˵Ŀ
С㣬ʵǲúܣҪҪѵ
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׵ӹˣʵղžѾ֪ߵʵǳǿ
Ȼûдﵽ𾳣Ӧһֻż̤ˡ
ʵʤǼ޵һĴڣ
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֣һȣҲһĿף
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֣ѾӵڵʵҲһΪ԰ˣ
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ǰһӦøԼ࣬Ƕʤݳˡ
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֣С㻹׼ۿͰǲҰԺ󣬻λǰλǰʵһ֮ϣҵǲֱˣ
׿֣̣Ҳһ򵥵ļ
ԽִӴˣԽܲĴ̼
֣Ҳǰ˾Ųʮ֡
Ȼ
֣׵Ļ֮Ҳһɵ˵ʲôңûɣ
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һԵľ꿴׵ӣҲקקףʾײҪ嶯ˣ
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׵˵ֻô˵֮һԵ֣ȴüͷ
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ðɡ
֣Ҳ̾һֻѾս׼
ǴСı˵ĻʱҲѴ̰




3321  ̵֣ĵ
 

޷ĺԺһ޴Ŀյأ
׺̸֣ĳƬյ˹ȥ
֣̿ҲǵȻһЦֵģ֮ڱСһģ
֣С֮ҪޱӲźãЦŵ
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ԴףδҪһʲôˡ
һ˵ʵЩˣĸһһЩѵ
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׿̵֣ȭͷϮЦһҲԼӣ
ʲôôܡ
̵֣һȭԭΪĺ׵ϣû뵽һȭȻ˿ˣ
ССģ
֣һԹսҲЩͣ
Ҫ֪֮ľսһ²ͷǲ˲ֵģ
ǲֵĻǶ֮˵һ裡
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ֻ֣ϻ䣡
֣̾ԼĶһХ׵ȭͷ

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׵ȭͷڼҪ̵֣һȻֹͣˣ
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֣һУȴ裬ܸģ
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ôҲû뵽һСطˣȻܹԼܵ˵ܸ߳У
һԵ֣Ͽ֣̾һС㣬ʹհɣ
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֣ϣͱ¹ˣԼС磬
̵ֱ֣һƣĸǰȻһԲεĽɫΣ

һͳ˳漴ǵɫĹ֮оȻһֻޣ
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֮ǰ޷¼ҲǼޣ
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֣ô˵޷Ҫ̼һף֮ǰ׵ѾǶˣ
úõһһǳôҵûأ
ЩˣƤɣղ֣С˵֮Ľôأ
׿֣̣Ҳǵ˵
̵֣İڰͷ˵Ҹ֮ľҲҵһ֣ҲҸ֮ľôˣ˵䲻ͺ
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֣̺ٺһЦ˵ڶ㻹ЩȤˡֻֻ۲Գ㶯ֵĻֿɲ֪ŶһȰϽˣٺ١
֣СĶ۲ԳȷǷǳĳʵĽֻ˭ҾûأȻ֣СҪһʤĻĳҲֻз㵽ˡ
׿֣̣Ҳһ޹˵
ֻһ̣֣̻һԵ֣ľ궼һĿɿڴ




3322  Ե֣
 

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ǿߵǿ
Ҫշ貢ôףûطǺշǿģ
֣Ϊ糬֮һ֣ҵϵӵһ޷ӵеշط
Ҳ֣ΪĶ
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֮ǰ֣̻û뵽׾ȻܹԼȻȻҪԼǿطóˣ
۲Գǿ˸оһϢ
֣̾ԼĶ۲ԳԸںʲˣ
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һԵ֣ҲǾɲʵֹӣΪ黹ǵ㵽Ϊֹɣ
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״ľ뿪޷ӦҲһֱԼɣ
ֻһƺδԸ




3323  ľ
 

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ЩȤˣȤԽԽŨء
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׿֣̿Цһ˵֣С㣬ôƺЩװɣĳֻϲཻ
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Ҹƽϣ˵ֵģ㻹Լ𰡣Һĺİ㵱ѣȻô˵ң
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ǰ̰ī֣Ҳ˾һʱᵽȥѰ֮أ
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ľȻ˵ºаǲò˵Ҳһ鹢ֱ֮ˣ
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˳ľЦŵȻ֣СôõĻᣬΪʲôҪأ޷ƹǿǳڵĻǸǶڶѡ֣С㣬ĳľȴӦɡ
֣ɫһ죬û뵽һһξȻûиԼԣǰԼˣ
һӣһЩ˿ˡ




3324  𾪵֣
 

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֣ɫЩεĿ׵ⶫʤݻУܰɣ˵ˣеĻô
԰ɣֻҪлᣬĳԲġ
׿֣̣Ҳ˵
֣̿ףЩüʵ֪УⶫʤеĻҰŪҲǻղһ顭
ѶȺܴ󣡡
׿֣̣һεü
ǣʮʥŮһоͱòһˡ
˵ô°ʲôѶȺܴ󰡣˹ˣͶʤƵطʲôѶȲѶȵģУֱȥ򲻵ˣ
֣̾ǹŪ飬ҲЩһ
ĳ˵ǣܹ㣬ĳǴԼһ˳һ£
ײĿ֣̣ǣm֣ҿҲЩԲģ
Խô˵֣Խ׿
ŭĿԲĿ׵ֵģʲô˼һôΣҵҪ˵ʲô
Ȼ֣СҪ֪ĳ֣СҲ޷һҵõϢmʮʥŮкⶫ
׵һ仰ֱ˲ž




3325  Ϊ
 

޷Ժ
֣Ϻ֣̿ףǵ֮ж˸һ˿֮ɫ
֣̣˿һӶ֪˵ʲôˣ
ղһ˲䣬Ϊڰ״ţӣɽһĻ֪Ͳ

˼ôҲΪ֣һЩֻҲ˵أ
֣ü׵ֹӣmʥŮλ磬ҪˡmĶ֣ҿ¶Ҫᡭ
֣ûаѻ˵꣬ĻѾǷǳˣ
׵ʵԸmκεĶԿ
˵ˣ֣mǰҲˣ
֣ҲǼæmʥŮȷˣȻmʥŮϣ㻹ǲҪ
mʥŮλǲɱͨҲ־ڱصã׳
ͨϢ״ϣ
żһζҩһζҩģϡȱҩҪ뾡취õ
Ҫ֪ɾûˣ
ʥŮȻǿ󣬵׾ù򲻸ˣֻҪԼ취Ӧһ߻ģ
Ҫͨ׸ʲô˵֪ͨеҩܹõİοܹõͨĵҩǿɶϼҩ
֣üף벻׵Ҫ
ϼҩ
ȵҩ缶ߵĵҩҪѾѶȼ󣬸οҪϼҩҩҲϼѰ
һҪȡͨǱȻǸҩйء
Ϊıͨû̫Ч
֣ҲǵͷСԼǣֹҪ˼mʥŮǿɲģ
ĳˣͨƾҩı֮һĳҲûа취
Ȼû˵Ǵ˼ҲǱĺˡ
ƵҩǺˣ
ý˵ɣ
ļٵİ֣һ֮ͬľͿʼˡ
Ůܲ˵Ŀ¾顣
һ˲䣡
̵֣ѾǸߴ˺֣ܶ࣬̿ҲԽԽ˳ˣ
ԹŶգ
ĳӣʲôΪ
֣ҲΪ֮ݵֹӴ޽ʵäĿȴҲ֮٣ǿԵĻҲֻȡ
֣ԼǣĳҲ֪Լûˣ̸ֺأֻȡѶȼԭĳҲҪľ˽һЩģֻǿľв
˵ҲʵľȻm֮ˣʥŮһ֪
߸̵֣˵˵һ˼Ҫ̵֣֪֪һЩ˲֪顣
ϾǴӴģ֣ܲΪǿ֮أmܲҲǺԶ
ܹһЩ˲֪Ҳ˵أ
ľ׵ĻҲһֹӣʲôʥŮʥŮһû˵أҪʧˣ
ʥŮû˵Ҳġ׵ͷ
֣üֹӣȻ˵ĻǺҲͲˣһҸ֣ǰʤߣҲΪʮʥŮ
ţҲΪ׾㵵ʵ
֣΢΢ҡͷ˭Ҫmùϵ֣Ҳ⣡һʮʥŮ˹٣ҲֲѡҲǽӵָǰȥμʮʥŮٵ
Ŷ˻棿
һӱЩлӴʮʥŮĻʱ᲻ִܶô
ֹӣҪǱͨʱȥûлɣ
֣̿ףҲǳ
֣һԵС㣬²װɣ
кβף֣֣̿üʵ׵Ĺ֮Ҳʮֵĸж
ףþǰˣ
֣ȴһʮֽ֮ˣ׵ֹӣʵʵ˵ˡһʥŮٵȻܽУȴҲһЩ˲μӵġʱµĻ˿¡
֣ϵĵǲ޵ĳԴӦ֣ϣԲmĳͻ
׿֣ϣҲĵ˵
֣׵ĻҲǿ֣ϵֹ˳飬ĺܡ֣ϣôˣʱǴֹӽȥĳµĻҶš
֣ϿЦһС㣬ˣ
֣Ҳû̫ĽǶʵҲ׵ġ
֮ˣȷǷǳĺ
˵Ŀ峺Բ˵֮ˣҲΪʲô֣Ϻ̶֣˵ԭ
л̹
״˿̵̺֣ĳƺˣҲʲô֣С֮˵ˡ
Ҳ׶̵֣һͬ
ʵϣ
֣̲һˣ˵ʵӦһĵĹ
һ޷ĻԵɺϣײѴܹ֮ӴʮʥŮҲøˣ
˿̣
ǽ飬ôܹõͨأ
һֻܵȵʱӦˡ




3326  µľ
 

޷
֣ס޷ľ꿴ȥɫҴҡ
ʱ̶֣Դľ굹Щһˡ
һ֮󣬼Ѹٵ뵽һ
꣬ô˰
֣̿ľһ꣬ҲЩƵʵ
һԵҲЦŵľʲô˼˵һ
ľЩŤûûʲôģҡֻҪȥһˡ
ȥһ˻ףߣһȥǼ棬ⶫʤݻǵһܾô˰ⱲӶ֪ܲڶأ
֣̿ľ꣬ҲȤȻ˵
ֺŴ󷧳ˣһЩΪţĶ̫ĵġ
ɶһЩײ˾úϡƽ飬ǷȤġ
֣̾ڷ£ȥʵء
ҪȻߴ۵С۵ģҲô°
⡭С㣬Ǽҿɲ޷mֵĺڰҵĺأ
ľĲ֣̹ȥģԼλСȥЩʡ
ڰٺ٣ôڰһûмأ
֣̺ٺһЦ¿ȥӵŨˡ
һԵ̹ţڵײߵȻǺ˽ġ˻Ϊһʯܹ֣̹ȴᡭ
һʯ֣⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣ
֣Щ㵵Ŀףǲˡ
ȦӲͬ
˼άϾ޴Ĳ࣬ʵҲǺ顣
׿֣̣ҲεЦЦʮʥŮջһʱ䣬ҪȻǾȥ䣬˵ҲʲôµķҲ˵أ
꣬ôˣ˵ģ˵ʵһƬ˭ο֣ء
̵֣һ㶼ģǵʵڶʤǼǺߵˡ
ľ֣һٵļ֣ҲǰԤϣСֹȥ֮Ҫʧźأ
˳޷˹ȥ
һ·ϣľҲɫԽ׺̵֣˸ţ·ǲӡ
һʱʱ䣬һӵĽֵ
ľƺʶҲ٣ϲס˸ľк
ܶҲǶľ׺֣ͶĿ⡣
ЩɻЩǲģ
ꡭ
ľ곯ǰŵʱһɫӰܵĸǰ
ѩôⰡ
ľ꿴ߵǸŮҲЩʵ
ѩѩľС浽ѣ˹ϵʮֵĺá
׼ȥ޷أǼҳˡ
ѩ￴ľ꣬Ҳһе˵
£Ǽܳʲô鰡
ľЩʵ֮ǰĸ׵ȷΪĶ˸ץߡ
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ȻǷһЩծǰҲͬڻ˰
ľȻԼĸײѧãΪ˶ŮΪĸڸš
ȻѩĻľԹһ˵
һǼңǶǼҸ˰ƺҲҪץˣֹˣֻȥˡ
ѩＱеĿľ֮꣬ҲǴ޾ĵ֮ɫ
ץøʲô
ľ˵߳ǰ漲۶ȥ˹׺֣ˡ
áǲǷǮ顭
ѩ￴ľ꣬Ҳǵ
ܣ֮ǰѾӦǻǮôܻƵôأ˵ˣǷǮҲҸףֲáƾʲôô
ľȭͷҲЩŭɶĸо
ԼδҲһֱŬıԼá
û뵽Ȼǰǣˣ
ѩ̾һҡҸղǱһᣬЩ˵ҪôǮҪôծ⳥
ծ⳥
ľмں޲ֱӸϻؼȥǰ۲źã
ǰץ¾ĿİҲ֪ô£ղž˵һ£ӦûûأĻǼʱ
ѩ￴ľ꣬ҲǺݺݵĵͷ
ľҧҧ촽Ȼȥʲô˵ɣ޳֮ͽȻԶţ
׺̴֣˿̶һۣҲǸľ곯Ǽеķ˹ȥ
ľֲɫҴңʵпһֱԼ׵ء
ҪȻĻոյ޷ƹģӦʮ˷ܲŶԣ
һгľļȥľոյִſڵʱÿӲקҪһ뿪
ǸԱߣŮҲǹڵϿİš
ס֣
ľ꿴ǰһĻҲ̲סֱŭ




3327  ǡ
 

mֵĳ֮У
оϢȻǿߣҲǸС
֮еĳһͥԺ
λźɫ·ӡĳֱ־Χˣ
ŮһУ
ӿȥģ൹Ҳǲ
һ֮µŮѾŮӵԱߣһŮЩ֪ĸо
ŮһвǱˣľĸסĸ׺ã
ľôҲû뵽ԼؼҪԼϲѶʱȴͻȻ顣
ľ꽿һԭæµЩѾתͷ
꣬㡭ôˣ
˵Ǹӱľĸľ캽
ľ캽ľʱǴһ˿Ľ֮ɫ
ף⡭⵽ô°
ľۿһ죬ҲЩʧĸо
ߣˣֻһ
Щ֮Ϊ׵ҲЦһľҲΪ⣡
mķˣ
ľ꿴Ŷ֮ˣŭһʵ
ߣǷծǮ쾭壬ľ캽ǷǰƷʯûǮֻܹ⳥ˣ
Ϊ׵ĺзһ˿аĹâôĳ
mķԶţ֮ǰǲ˵˷ǵǱô
ľ꿴źҲŭһʵ
㸸ǷƷʯô֮ǰѾһʱˣ㻹˶٣Ʒʯذ
Ϊ׵ĺЦһгŲм顣
֮֮ǰʮƷʯ𣿡
ľоһľʮʲôʱˣ
ѲԼĸֳȥ˲ɣ
ľ캽˿ҲĿɿڴĿһԵ˵ǰһǰʮƷʯôͱƷʯˣ
ʮƷʯľ캽ľ캽ѲΪmķǴƻʮϢģб²Ҫ谡
Ϊ׵ĺЦһƺΪ⣡
ǡǵҲ̫˰
ľ캽֮ͬ͸ŵһӾ֮飬ƿ֪ˡ
һľҵĸŮǱߣЩҿˡ
ǣmķȻ鴫һʱ䷭ԺҲû˸ҽǮ˰
״Ӻ˳Ҳ̫۸ˣ
֣ҲǰֱǮ˰
Ҫ£ҪȻǻߣҲmķ飬ǿɾͲҪǲˣ
Ϊ׵ĺâ˸ҲЦһ
ƷʯһǸģ
̵֣ǲںҲ˵
ӴǣǮˣȻҪǮĻǾͻɣ
Ǻ˿֣ȲҲǲ̫Σ˳Ҳ˵һ£
˼İǮˣôǻ˵ʲôأ
mķֲʲôĵطܹҲֻЩǷծˡ
ЩǮˣǺ޲ðǹǱ߲źء

֣̿Ϊ׵ĺˣҲͳһʯȻ׼ݹȥ
ǺһʯҲ¶֮ɫ
漴
¶һ˿Цݵû뵽λС㻹ǸͰ
ͷϽǮ
̶֣ÿһۣΪľ껹һЩʯҲν飡
ľ꿴֣óʯҲ׼µС㣬⡭ԺһúŬ
˺ˣ֮꣬Ͳ˵ֻˡԺúΪ¾ˣ
֣̿ľ꣬Ҳν˵
ž
Ϊ׵ĺ˽Ҫ֣еʯùʱ׵־ǯһİϣ
㡭ʲô
Ϊ׵ĺ˼ҪѣָѲˣ
˵ʵҲЩľս
һ̣ǰ֮ƺԼܹǵģ
Ҫ֪mķҲǸСɫѣ
ʲô˵ĻǿľͲһˣ
ֹӣʲô
֣̿׵ľٶҲüʵ
ͷˣôҵĻǮɲҵԸ񣡡
׿֣̣Ҳǵ˵
㡭ʲô˼뻹mķǮɣ
Ϊ׵ǸȻľսҲЩģϾmˡ
ȻǮǴmķȥģȻҪmķӮô򵥣ȥ˵Ǳȥmķһǣ
׵һ˵ʮ㣬ǺҲŵҲ˵ˡ
һԵ̵֣Щ㵵Ŀף
һﻹҪmķ˹ȥɣ
mķȻʱ䲻Ǻܳ˭֪m²ҵ
ҪǵmķǾ͵mô
̵֣˵ĿһӾͶף˭Ҳ֪ĵʲô




3328  m
 

һȺ˺޺޵뿪ߣ
ǿ׵Ⱥַߵʱвʡ
ľһҴ˿̿׵Ҳǳ˸м֮顣
룡
ǵΣʱĶɹ˲
лλӳ
ľ캽ףҲ¶Ũҵĸм֮飬ֻҲ֪Ϊʲô˻Լ
סĸףҸǽһ£λֹӣλ֣С㣬λ֣ϡ
ľһҲֻ̫࣬òԵȽһ£
ľ캽ֵֹӡ֣С㡢֣ϣҪȻȵǼһ
л
Ҳ΢΢ͷȳȥ
һȺΧ֮˿ֵĳûˣҲ㬵뿪ˡ
ûֿɿǴҲûж˼ǣ
ľң
ľ캽Ѿǵ˲ˮֻⳡ濴ȥЩΡ
ľḧԼľ壬ҲǶԼĸ׳״ˣղһеô°
ľ캽̾һmķ˼ֱɥĲҪץȻǵ¥棡
ʲô¥
ľüͷ壬ȻҲǸоһŭ
һԵѩͷûԵģΪʯʲô鶼óģ
ǰΪʯʲôóԺ󻹵СһЩľĸҲһ涡
׿ľ캽ľ壬֮ǰǷǶٵʯ
ʮƷʯ֮ǰЩϣѾ֪ˣֻǡ
ľ캽Ҳǳ֮ɫ
΢΢һЦʮľ䣬ʵҲġ
mķèģ֮ǰǳŵûè壬ǶǼٵġںڵѾˡ
ľ캽΢΢ҡͷڸӵĵЩʯ
ʮƷʯһ˲ͱƷʯô׬Ҳֲ˵Ϣ
֣̿׵ֹӣղŸ򲻵һ˰ˣΪʲôֹң
̹ĻԸⱻ˵ɱô׷ʵ
֣̳һˣȻǲԸġֹûһ⣬mķıǿm˰
mΣmȻжķ¥ʵЩĿ࿴
ҲЩ֮Աǵ˵Ȼû뵽Ȼ顣
mΪΪǿĴڣǾȻĶ׬ȡʯ
Ȼķ¥׬ǮٶȵȷǺܿ죡
mޣǾͲ±޵mЦô
֣̾һmȷЩʲôĶҸ㣬˿
ֹӣǡô찡Ҫȥmķ
ľҲЩǣô㶵Ŀס
׵ͷΪʲôȥȻҪ㣬ĳһزˣղʮƷʯ˵ʮʮĳȥ飬ֻ̫ˡ
ֹӣȻʯܹǶһٿ¡
֣ڵĵһm˳ͻǵʱͲճˡ
֣Сˣܶ鲻ǵ˵ΪѣmķҲԼĹصġ
΢΢ҡͷȻ̵֣ͬĻ
Ȼˣ
ʵôҲȫΪľ꣬ҲҪͨmķmֵжٵʵ
֪һ̿ʼm֮䲻ûκεĽˡ
⵹Ҳǣˣһֵѣ
֣뵹ҲǾûʲô
һԵ֣ϳmķȻܹôãӦǵİ취ģôóȻǰȥ»ǻᱻ
֣ϣʵôô
׿֣ϣҲЦŷʵ
ֹӻǿడʵm֮˿Ҳ
֣ϿЦһȻm֮˵ʱǲôŰ
׿֣Ϲһֵԭһָ֣ܹŵأ
֣ЦЦʱܰȻ岻ݴǵġ
ľ캽Ҳĭ⡭λֹӣmķɲôýġӮˣҪЩѶȡ
ѣ
ľ캽ƺmķǳ˽⣡
׵ݸһЦ֣ߣǻ³ôοֻӮȴ䲻ĻmķҲûбҪˣ

ľ캽ҲЩΣĵĵ֮ɫŨأ
һԵľ״ˣѲڻʲôõİ취𣿡
ðɣҶһƴһѰɣ
ľ캽ҲҧҧȻҲǱˡ
һ˵һ֮ҲǸȥ
ڶһ磬ѾǳmķΧˡ




3329  
 

mķ
mķǽųֵ˵ķʵҲ٣
mķδţ
޵mĿ˶ķ
⿪ķ㣬Ȼ¥
mе֮֮ǰѾǽ˺ܶܶˡ
ƹģǣ
ǸһmķΧȺ˵ҪȺˣ
ԭmķҪ˹ģ
һǵڶһҲڹȥˣ
ʵʮƷʯһķ˵Ҳëëꡣ
ονļʮʯûнľ캽Ŀڴ󻹲Ƕmķô
Ǻ˵ԱߣһɫȻĿһԱ֮˵ǣ
нǶʤmķƹģ
mķô꣬Ĵ˻ǲٵġ
ҳӵֺֹһ
ƺҲû˭ĳɹ
һΣԼ˵ȻҪmķҳӣȻҲǲмһˣ
ǵųǰһһŮ֮󣬸ü
̫ˣ
׻֣̣ȥʮֵᣡ
˽Ҳǲ٣ЩǿżЩͽᡢĿˣ
mķɲǳصģ
ó仰Ȼеġ
ǣƹģС̫ˣֱͲmķа
Ǹ֮ǰŵЩʧ̬ļһҲǼ˵
վס
׺֣̳mķĴȥֻյŵʱѾǱ
׵ĿⶢŽ˵ǿͣmķ˲ɣ
ȻҪģ⵷ҵǿɾ˵ˡλӿ֪ǴӺζ
ƵĿףҲ¶һ˿ĵЦݡ
΢΢ҡͷƺλûκεĹϵɣǳ⣬ֻҪʯô
ʯҲǰٺһЦҪ㹻ʸǶˣ
ʸmķһ滹Ҫʸ񣿡
׿ŽҲ֪һǹҪҲԼ
Ҳνģҳӵģ
ߣ˲Ҫʸ񣬵ǾҪˡ治Ļǳǹ
֮ǰǸ˿ףڵĵʮֵˣ
Ҫ֪ǵ˵Ļľ̫ˣ
ʲôʸ˵ô֣̿Ҳû˵
ûһƷʯҪmķҳƺҲ̫񰡣
һڣ
֣ŽĻҲ㶣
ʵһڵƷʯ˵ҲһС֣
֣ȻǮ֣ÿĿ֧ҲǷǳӴ
һͷǧڵĸ߼ۣץ޵ķҲ൱ľ˵ġ
ԣ֣ȻǮҲֻӻ޶ȵİɣ
̵֣ȻҲֵģ
ֻ𺳵Ĳһڣڶʤĵط˵һڵȷЩˣ
ʵһڶκ˵һΪӴ֣
ʤݾôطиʯ˵ȷǲ
ڵƷʯǵóעĻǼټˣ
ôòȻòĻǻ̸ʲôҿ˻ȥȿͷˣ
֮м֮⣡
֣ŭһ˭˵òģһôߡ
ӴǣûпóС椻ͦǮİԴϷ˵
øСŸɾһ㣬С㶨Ȼ˵
̵֣ӹâŽҲð˿˿⣡
ôҪmֲɣ
һ󳰷ЦݣôҲû˸m֣
֣Цẉ̂ǽֲǹµġС飬ǹͿĿľͺˡ

֣̻Щǿ˵ݣҲǾԼЩ̫סˣ
ȣԼһСӣ
ȫûִطȣһ֣Ʒǳ
ʶ࣬һɣ˵
֣Ĺĵ׼óԼʯ΢΢ҡͷһڵƷʯôԼˣ
㣿
֣̺֣϶סˣû뵽һﾹȻôǮ
һǽ챾ƹĵҪʲô˸mķơ
һ˵ȸ׺֣̽mķ֮У
Կóʵľһ˵ɫǷǳĽŵġ
Ϊ׺֣̣ûˡ




3330  淨
 

mķ
һƬɫϢǲ֪ĻΪʲô֮ĵطأ
mķƺҲǷǳ֣
һĶǰ֮еҡڵĶĿת´ʲô
ͽ
κһΪһȺˣ
׽绹磬ɽ磬׿ķĶͽҲǲģ
ЩҪͶȴ˱ϵ⣡
ľĸľ캽ҲеһԱ
һε˲¹ͷĵطʱҲǼѣ
ֻѾû֮ǰһ飡
֪Ǿ˵ʱ̣
ȻǸֹӺ֣С㿴ȥʮֵţȴǳĻң
һ¥ҴҶ
һ˵ڽĴҲ¥
¥һ¥¥˾Ҫ˺ܶࡣ
ܿһ֮УƺѾ˼ˡ
Ž˽Ҳ΢΢һЦƹģôһ˽ʲô
λˣҪmķƣĳȻϣλԺյΪĳѵһЩ֪ߵغļһ
֣Ҳǳżε΢΢һЦ
Ŷ⼸ĺܣ˭
ǼҲŤͷ׺̵֣ķ˹
Ǻܿ㽫Ŀ׵ϣ
ΪȻһ㣬ȻλöǾԵĺﰡ
˭ĳҲ֪ȻһҪmķɶľֵͦʺġĳҲλһΣ
ԹԵҲŤͷһԵס
ֹӣ
֣ЩԾԾԵĿףƺԵǷǳ˷ܡ
һȥôİ
̶֣оһ˿̼
֣Ҵ᲻ִ̼У
С㣬ֹɡ
֣Ͽ֣̣ҲǹȻԼλС㵽мＸ֪ġ
ֻ֣Щֵǣ׾ȻҲôţ
Ҫ֪ľʵʵԽǿߣӮĸԽ
Ϊľ֣ľж
Խǿ֮ˣǵжԽǿ
ۼֿ죬ǲʤĹؼ
ʵԶ࣬ǽʵҪһЩ
ֻӦƽʱٸ棬ԿŽǼ˵Ҳּɣ
ʵ˼
֣ȻΪʵǿɶľ֮ɷƺһЩҪӮǲܵģ
֣Ҳ˵ķ֮лַʵǿһЩҲδؾܹӮ
ʵǿᵽһĵزǲǿԲٿһУ
Ȼ
ײ߱ʵǿᵽһزôΪʲôţ
ʵһڵӮ֣̺֣ϻǻǿԳܵģ
ڵ֣Ϻ֣һȤĴ
һСطˣ·ʽ˵ļһ˿԰
ȷɣڴҲǺܺĴڰ
ʵֵĲ֣ϣǽͲô
˿̵ĽףȻǲмһ˵ı飬Ҳһĸ̲ѣ
˵ʲôͷأ
ʱ˵ΪƷʯҪmķ£;ÿЦ
ΪƷʯµˣʲôʵ
ǽ˾ȻõóһƷʯˣ
Ʒʯѵˣõóһڣ
Ҫ֪ľ캽ımķҲǲġ
ľ캽ļиûʲôţˣ
ΪmֵˣȻҲm֮˵ıӣɲɾ
ʮƷʯһʱ䷭
ı֪˵ĺְܻmֵĻµʱҲĲԼģ
ֻܹõóһڵˣȴǣýҲǸı˲ԣ
ڲ֪˵ı£Ҳѡ˱صķ
ǰ⼸λҲǺö֮ˣҩĮһö֮ˣ
ӲĶģֻпվϲĶѣ
ÿһӮһΧ֮ڣ
˿̣
ĮҲǿŶˣвһ˿ĺ֮ģ
ܹͣݳȵǺܲģ
ĮһһЩ֮ģ
СֵܣѰɡ
˺üԵĿ׵ʱ򣬹ĮȴЦŵ
ǡ
׿ŹĮҲ¶һ˿ǳЦֲЦˣ
Ȼ˼ˣҲ̫ǣ
οҲľ͹ҲˣܽȻҲҪһЩѵĺã
ҩĮĮ΢΢һЦ
ҪȻ㶨淨
ŹĮҲǳŹĮЦʵ
ĮƺЩʲõ˵ԱڿֹҲҳ֮ˣȻͬˣǾһ򵥵ģ´СΣ
´Сԣ
״ʱŹĮ֮оȻһ˿˷ܣ
ĿԸĮѵĻǱͨ˲ǣ
һʱ䣬һεmķˡ




3331  ҪȻһѣ
 

mķİڣ
ɫÿȻ֪˵ǿ׺̶֣Ȳ֮ˣ
˼Ȼmķ£Ȼǵ֮
ԣҪìתƣ
˴ľ֮УȻҲϣ˵ֲˣ
ʵҲ˲ǣ
𿴽ȥ֣ʵܾӪôһټĶĳҲһϸ緢ˣ
Į׺֣ҲЩȤ
ڶʤܹóһƷʯĵˣʲô֮
˵ͷĺܴĻǵʱǽҲԿǣ
ǾôˣͲ´С淨ȼִ̼
Įһö֮ˣϲΪֱӵ淨
ֲ´Сʵǳļ򵥣
һڱʶϢ
𾳺µʶǿֱεģ
ֶҲڶĳ֮Уʵǿûдﵽ𾳺ڵĻκ׵ɣ
Ҫ֪𾳺ڵǿߣǼվ۷Ĵڣ
ˣôE߲μʲôνĶľأ
ˣҪʯĻǼֱ̫ˣ
Ҫǵ𾳺ڵǿߣ˼ҿ¾ֱӶնɱˣõŸǶģ
ⲻ˷ʱô
һţ
׵ҲһԵˣҲνģ

׿ɲִˣҪ֪֮Уǿͻˣ
˭Ҫֶ֪Ƿǳģ
׵˵ֹӵһˬˣĳֹҲЩĿ࿴ˣ
˵ʵڵģ
ͳһȣǺ׵ģ
ֻվڶ֣
ֻ׵ĵȻͺľ˵Ļ̿γĶԱȣ
һԵ֣Ͽ˴ݵģҲЩɻ
棬Ҳ˵ȣ
Ȼǰ˵ʵ֮ҪһЩģ
óһڳģҲҪĲô
˭ʯҲϵģ
ƹô˵ĳЩ˼ˣĳԽΪʲôҳӲ˵һЦˣ
˵ҲǺҪĮЩ
ڽܹҲδɣ
m֮˲ô
ʹ죡עֹ֪Ҫô£ҪȻ֮ǰϹأһƷʯ
עڶʤѾǳˣ
Ͼ
ҲʯԵֲ
ƷʯһѵĶע˭ŶҪЩԾ
ľ캽һֵĶעЩĻҵĸо
ÿζǼǧǧĶעʮֵĴ̼
Ķעֱһֻĸо
ֻǾ˳Ծ֮ʣȴȻһЦƷʯһ֣
ĮףһЦֹǾӴĻҲԵ
һԵļҲЦƺЩĵĿף
һղŻţӣһƷʯʱɫƺЩ˰
ֻǲ˽ף
֣̿ףҲЩüֹӣһǸǶıˣҵģ
ֹһɾǲһĳĽѰ
ҲԴĿףĻŵĻ˻ûʲô˼ˣ
ԭΪһﻹǸڿƺҲôˣ
ƹ񡢹ƺûҵ˼
׵˵һ費ı飡
Įһ㶣漴ЦʵֹӼȻǵһǱǿͣȻǿ͵ĻǽǨһֹҲ޷ֹʲô˵ɡ
ע
׿ŹĮҲݸһЦʵ
ĮһЦֹӼȻҪвĵ
ֹӣ塭ȷ̫ˣҪҪȻǻСһЩɣ
ľЩ̲סˣҲ
׿ľЦŵĳ
ˣҪȻǾ͡
ľ꿴ףҪ׼˵ЩʲôֻʱѾתͷŹĮͽķ˹ȥ
׵һЦĶעȷǲˣĳһϲȻǶǲһΣ
һѣʲô˼ĮҲǼʵ
Ȼƺ쵽ʲôԾһҲûǷȥ롣
ȻǶģǲͶһѣעһΣ
˶׿Ҫ֪ôʱ׵һϯֱһԵɵˣ




3332  Į뷨
 

mķڣ
һ˵ȸоԼˣ
ǽ͹ĮˣmķǼʱһ㶼ģ
ǿmķΪģ
ĶͽǰСЩ͸
ʼգ
һﶼһȻı飬ϲ
·ûʲôܹ̫ȤһڵĶעһ˵ʲôҼҵһ
Ҫ֪ʤֱܹһһµĶעˣǼΪĺ
ҩʵǿᣬɼĮһҲǼʮ򼸰һѵһ棡
һڣ
Ŀ֣
ӿʼڣǶû뵽Ȼӵģ
ϵܣ㡭ȷô
Įҩܹλ֮ˣˣǿԱֵĺܵȻ
ʱ׵ȷ𾪵Լ
ǹĮװ򶨵Ŀף΢΢һЦƹļȻҪģǾûбҪô˷ʱ˰ɣ
һһֵĻҲǹƽģԭĵľ
ҲһݵģΪһķˣĵȻǷǳˣ
ûеգ˭Ŀķô
ԣ
Į𾪣ǽȴһݵı飡
ԭ׼ϢӮǮĽһҲǲ͵ˣ
ƹģССģһһֵȷЩˣҵȿλΣ
һԵļҲǱȶעŵˣ
ʵҲ˼άûתһֺһһֵȷбϵ
ǽȻľһڣô˭˭Ӯһô
һѶӮʮѡһٰʲôأ
ֻǾһڵĶעʵ̫̫˶ѣ
һ㶣漴˿һԵ׵˵Σ
⣡
ױ֮Ҳǵֻܶ࣬һԵ̵֣Ѿǳ׵±ˣ
һǸ˳䲻ĸо֣ʼЩ͸һ
ԽͶ׵ȤԽԽ
һӴˣȻøһʤݵаȫС
أŹĮҲ΢΢һЦʵ
ȻϵܾÿԣҹĮȻҲûʲô⡣ֻ
Įףһת
ֻʲô˵޷׿ŹĮһεЦ
ֻʱϵܵһȡ
Į׵ȤԽԽ󣬱
˵ʵ˵ǱȲ
ûо޴Ĳ֧ŵĻ˭վأ
Ǻ⣿
ŹĮȻƹԼЩư
ĮһЦƹģ뷨Ȼбڵ뷨
Ŷ֪ʲô뷨
ŹĮҲЩֵĿŹĮʵ
ҪϵܵѣԺöģûиĲͷҲûɶ˼
Į׺ͽҲǹһЦ
ѾһڵĲͷôʵ
ĮһЦһЩʯѣʵ㲻ʲôͷ
⡭Īǻʲô뷨ɣҲüʵ
ĮδشĻǿһԵЦŵСѣ֪ɸҸһİ
ĳν
׿ŹĮҲǵ˵
һԵ֣̿׵ӣҲǸϽѵ㡭㶼֪Ҫʲôô
޷֮֮
׿֣̣Ĵ̶֣ЩΪ֮զ࣡
ˬ죡
ĮףƺһּƵóѵĸо
νˬ첻ˬ죬룡׵˵
ĮЦŵڶϵʮֵ֪ͣϵԺεذ
ɽ
׿ŹĮʼմһ˿Ц
ɽĮףҲǳ׵סˡ
ԭΪ׿϶ʲôŴ󷧳֮ˣû뵽Ȼɽ!
֮࣬ҲЩ
û뵽ϵ˷緶ȻɽСط˹Ŀ࿴ɽƫżûʲôϢϵ˵Ļ֪ɷΪҩЧ
Įԥһ֮һ˷˼
ֱˣ
ĮȻǲѰ·˰
׿ŹĮӣҲǹһЦ뷨
֣̿׵㲻ܴӦʲôע
ϵܼȻҵĻǾ͵ûпڰɣĮƺ⼤׵
ȻˣĳȻûвӦսĵĳӦˣֻ
Į״ӦҲЦֻֻ֮ҲЩü




3333  ֻҪһζҩ
 

״Ӧˣ
֣̿׺׵ľʹӦҲıӶˣ
һﻹʲôҴӦ
˼ڿģȻ˵ȥˣ
ֱˣ
ֻƺҲ˽׵ԸˣʲôҲֻʵȥˣ
оԼ˵ʲôһҲģ
ȻҲЩ֣һΪʲôôʯʲôģ
ڣ
˵Ŀⶼ׵ϣ
ľҵ˴˿̶ǴҴôҲû뵽鵽Ȼӵģ
ףͻȻðæˣȻΪǣ
ƺһЩľһϵûС
·ľҾ׽mķһШӶѣ
ȻǶעڼȻϵȻҲǿģ
ĮףҲ¶һ˿Цݣ
ɽˣ
ùĮһ˵ԭΪһǴӶʲôطأ
ĻôղǸᶼģ
ǰˣǴȻǴطڲͬ
Ϊ
ʵڹĮ׵ʵҲ
΢΢һЦʵҵܼ򵥣ĳֻҪѰһ
ŶʲôĮҲЩֵĿʵ
֪ɷһ˵Цʵ
ãƹģϵȳȥһ¿ɺãĮŽʵںҲǷǳء
ȻƣҲûа취
֪ĻֱӸһﵥˣǳô飬ЩŪˣ
ùĮ˴Ļ
mķ⣬ĮĴͻǲܵ
ŹĮҲ΢΢һЦȻԣλ㣡
ӲĴһʼ𣬵Щ˼ˣ
һĿ֮뿪ߣ
mķĳ
ĮǱߣƺסˣ
˺һᣬĮƺЩͲסϵܣ⽫ںȴֲ˵˼
ĳֻ˼θڣ׵˵
Ŷϵǳűģ
ĮоЩ֣ʶףһԼʲôأ
˵ҪһĻôĮΪ϶ǴѾǶԼˣ
ֻ벻ͨһɽˣӦûôɣ
ڰֵĪҪᣬ˵ȫɺеɺϡҲҪѰһѡ
ڣɽĳŵĮ׵ʵ
ڣף
׿ŹĮҲ³֣
ڣףˣǰһʱ䱾ɽһ飬͸йء
Į˿׵˭ˣ
ֲ֮ǰʮֵĴݣ
˾֮ǰҩʹȵ˵Ǹװ
ĮԭҪһˣֻһֱûгնѣ
˵ĵ˾ѣ
ĮԼҩҩʹͲԸ
ںȻ֮俴ףĮһ׽ĸоˣ
׿ŹĮҲݸһЦ˵һս֮£
ģ
ĮףҲЩȻʵ
Ȼģ׵ͷǲţȥҩʹ֤
϶ȻҲгԱʱž͸оˬֻʵҪʾǿǰ
ĮƺЩţҲЩƵʵ
ĳֻһЩǳֶζѣֵһᣡһȻǡĳȷЩֽһ
ϵѱˣʲôֱʾˡ
Įףǰ׵ѿˣ
׿ŹĮĳҩһζҩġ
ҩģĪǸڿЦɣһζҩĶѣڸղصؽڴקôҩԭҩΪţһζҩʵЩ󶯸ɸ˰
ĮΪҪ˵ʲôû뵽Ȼֻһζҩģ
ùĮʵЩСˣ
׿ŹĮӣ˵λҩĶڱ˵ǺҪԡ
ܿڣһζҩıڻûзϰ
Į˿Ҳһνӣ˵һζҩĻû˵
ȻˣĳҲֱ˵ˡĳһζҩҩǳĺԻͨ
״˿̱˵߿ŹĮ
ͨ⼸ֵʱ׷ֹĮɫȻˣ




3334  Į
 

ͨ
ĮףҲ΢˫ֻۣȴƴһεѹһ㣡
ͨҩ˵Ǳ
ֻҩ޸ܶѣ
һεıͨѾҩ׸mʥŮΪˡ
û뵽ͻȻ֮mķֹӾȻ˴¡
׿ŹĮ΢΢һЦȥǲ찡
ͨҩģȻֹˣӦҲ֪ļֵ˰ɣ
ĮףĿʵ
΢΢ͷȻ֪ĳİزͨеһҪҩ˷ҩ
ֹͨԭȷҩֹǰ˵һĻڻֹһ񡭡
Įףֹ˵
ЦŵҩѾ׸mʥŮǰɣ
Ȼ֪
ĮһȻҪ֪ȻǼΪأ֪Ҳࡣ
׾Ȼ֪ЩĿ࿴ˡ
׿ŹĮҲǹһЦʵѾ֪ˣ
ŶֹӲǴҪģ
ĮףҲ¶һ˿Цݣ
΢΢ҡͷȻ䣬ǱȻǼֵǡĳûõóֵĶ
ֹӣͨȷǴڵģұѾ׸mʥŮʥŮλ磬Ӧ֪Ҫm߶ǲܵ顣ȥĶóȥˮԡ
ĮЩεҡҡͷʵڶѾȥˣƯ˵һ˵һҲν顣
֪mʥŮʱܹmֵ
׿ŹĮҲһεѯʵ
ֹӣʲôĪҪڰɣ
Įһ㵵ĿףΪ׵֮пη壡
ȻǴɽģǷźʹȴ
οɽ֮ˣȻܹҩʹȵĵһսƽ֣Ȿֵˣ
֮ǰ˵˵ĵ˾ѣ
ҩҩʹôʱ䣬ܹ׼ҩĻ绢ô
֣صĵͷĳȷôġֻmʥŮĳҲ֪öԸĳȥȻ˵
mʥŮʮ͵ִmֵʱmֵһ򵥵硣ĿɶǶʤͷжһЩǿ߰
ĮףҲһεѵ

ʤݶΪ֮ˡ
ҪʱһЩǵľٶɾˣ
׵ͷл֮ĳЩ飬ԺǹκҪĳæĵطĳǣ
ˣ˵ʵҲû뵽Ȼɽλ½⵹ҩЩԨԴˡ
ĮҲһЦݵĿ׵
׹һֵҩʹҩһ򲻺ͣһ㱾Ҳ֪ġǽûһżʱĳҲҹˡ
ҩܹڶʤô꣬ȻҩĵԮֱҩҹʢΣ
Į˿׵ҲǸˣ
һˣǷǳϣõ
׿ŹĮҡҡͷĳһǶϰˡ
Ըҩ֮ҩΣ
ĮƺЩвʣЩ˵
ǣѪ΢΢һЦ
Įһ׵ɽϽΣͬ⣬ͨлᡭ
Ŷ˻棿
׿ŹĮԭû˿Ҳ¶һ˿ľ⡣
ӦĻڵһϢһĻͨ
ĮȻû˵֮ջһ㣡
ü˵ˡ
Ȼ˵ĻǱ˵Ҳ޷ġһʥŮٵҵѾǽӵ֪ͨҪбͲףȥĻҪͨҲǲܵģ
ĮףҲЦŵ
⵹Ҳǣֻ벻ȥҪõͨƺûбȻĹϵɣ
׿ŹĮҲüʵ
ĮһЦǱڽҪ˵ˣ˷mʥŮٶʤݣһ˻ǲ֪
ŶȤ
Į׺ٺһЦһʥŮٰҩ˭ùھĻʥŮǻӦһġ




3335  ҩ
 

˻棿
mķĳ׿ŹĮҲЩʵ
˵ڵõͨʲôҪ
ڼʲôҩЩǴҪġ
ֻҪܹõͨ鶼иˡ
ŹĮθڵģҲЩƲѡ
ĮģҲǹһֵʲôҪƭô
ȷ
ĹĮûʲôҪȥƭףƭҲûɶ˼
οĮĳ׼ҩȥԿҩʹȡ
ʱƭףǲǽô
ȻҲףŹĮѯʵμҩʲôҪ󣿡
ʵҲûʲôҪ󣬲ѾˡҩҲǻ˼
ĮףҲ΢΢˵
ŶĳɲԲμӣ׿ŹĮҲֱʵ
Ҳҩʦ
һֵĮЩˣҩ˵׾ҩʦأ
ЦŵҩҲͨһЩ
ʱҲǿĻڳһҲδɣĮףҲԥƬ̵
ʵϣ
ԽԽȤˣһҩֻм
һһ
Ҫ֪ǸǿɶǱŹھȥİ
ĮԼҲǲμӵģҪ֪õʥŮһԼĿԵõһ벻Ľġ
ֻΪףҲֻҪͨջˣ
ʵ˵ڹĮЩڽͨȥˡ
ʱҩİѸȥĶҪǻЩѿء
Ȼ˵ĻǱԸҩ
ҲûκεԥֻҪܹлͨ϶Ҫһѵģ
ҩ
ǲȨ֮ƶѣ
οҩʱԵĻǿԱܶ鷳
ҩʹȵ鷳ʱûô˼ȥܡ
˵ҩһʱȵĽ鷳ĺ÷ء
˵û̫ԥӦҲǷǳĸɴࡣ
Į״ӦUCIˬ죬ҲЦŵȻĻһΪ
Ժһ£Я
׵ҲʶȤĺܣŹĮҲЦЦ
ĮЦŵڵҲǲܱ֤ͨһܹõǵʱòĻ
˵Цˣĳѡ񣬾ǵòҲһġȻĳӦ˹ԺĳȻҲҩһˡ
׿ŹĮһεĹֵ
Įͷǿָ֮ҲûмȥıҪ˰
⵹Ҳǣ
׿ŹĮҲЦ漴㳯˹ȥ
˭ܹ뵽̸󣬾ȻϳΪһأ
ڣ
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Į֪ԼҪʲôȻѪеľһ
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鵹Ҳǲˣƹʲôĳɣ
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Цһ嵽mķҵģǾô˿Ҳʰɣ
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ĮŽҲһˬʵ
ҪŭĮȷǴˣҲǳĴ
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׵ָղƺѾӦˣָ֪ɸĳһѣ
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ָƹʵǿǡ
ĮףҲѵ
һԵ̵֣˾ô㶵ĿףƺҲûзӦĹأ
׿ŹĮһ˵㣬ĳԼһţ
һʱ䣡
ڵĻҩζƺԽԽŨˡ




3336  ѪĽ
 

mķİڣ
ǹϵģĮҪֹ
ҲҪ׵ʲôʵܹ˵ţ
ѾӦ˽Ҳû˵ʲô
һԵ֣Ȼ죬ֻǿѱ˾ȻҩлЩֵġ
ܶ飬Ҳʣ
Ϊ֪Ȼ״ӦˣȻҲԼ뷨͵ġ
˵ˣ׵ƾʲôԼأ
ЦһָȻһˬˣȻ˵ĻĶľ־ְɡĳҪָʲôܹmķ߳ӡ
ע
˵֣һεĳĬ
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ƺʱЩϧһ㣬ŽһεЦ
¶֮ɫȻ棡
ɸң
һε³ĸֻ֣ĸýɫˣ

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Ҫ֪ľֱĶȻһЩַ
Ҳ֪ڸǰַһܲûǲõĺá
ĮǴи֣һĮ棬϶Ϊ
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Ż˭أ
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Ҫ֪ǿǿɶͬٵˣ˭û¶棿
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ŭһǶôΪĳң
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ʼͿʼĳݺķô꣬ѲɻһδɵСӲɣ
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ΪmķƹģܵĴ̼
һʱ䣡
ţҲסǲ֪׺«浽ʲôҩ
ĶĻǲݵľ˰
ʲô׿Žһεʵ
ȻղŹ´Сǽһ´С
´Сûκε׵ĿԵģ
ΨһĿԣǾҡӵ˻һָо
ֻиоҲ˵׼ȷġ
Ͼ˭Ҳ֪浽ʲô
ûսҿյ׵һ̣ʲôĿԶеġ
˵ӿķҲܻӭһֶľַʽˣ
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Ԭƹ񡭡
תͷһߵԬƹҲǳ
ԬƹŽ̹ƹģʲôԸ
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ϾǹϵĴⰡ
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һ״ӦˣҲ̵
Įָ̾㻹Ǻи԰
ݸһЦˣҼȻǶģӮʶǶ԰뿪ĳΪԼһǳĺã
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ЦŵԬƹǰɣɣĳֻһ֣һֶʤ
ǸԬƹԭôţڿ׵ӣЩˣ
Ҫ֪ǹϵƹ
ԭŴݵģһ̼ʧȡ֮һȻģ
⡭
ײͲ뵽˵ĶУһȴźܶڴĶľ־ô֮俪ʼˡ




3337  ľ
 

⣡
ӵҡΧ֮ƺһֱħһ㣡
˵ĿˢˢĶǰԬƹ
ֻԬƹ˿̿ȥʮֵĽţͷ϶һϸܲ
Ϊһʾڵĸ֣Ȼ˵Ľʵ൱ĺ
һľֶѣ
λԬƹӦǼ˷֮ˣ˳澹ȻʵΧ˶ΪһѺ
ֻҡεʱԽԽ˵ûκεĵ
ԭһ˿ϲɫԬƹҡεʱԽԽҲǽʧˣ
һ룬룬롭
һ֮λԬƹĲŽԼеͲ˵ĸǰ
ԭѾֹͣҡΣ˿ͲѾǱĿˣ
˭֪Ҫʱ׵Ļǲ̫ܵˣ
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ŵ˾ȻһЩδɵĳСӣ
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ԬƹĿŽĺ֮Ҳ΢΢ɬȥһ˿˻Ƶĸо
ֻƺ˭Ҳûע⵽Ԭƹ֮еһĨӵζ
Ҳˣ
֪Լҡ󵽵ʲôˣ
ʵҲܹҪƽʱĻܲ²˾Ųʮ
ȻÿһѶôţʮһȷģټĻӮ߰˰ûġ
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Ϊغⷴʧȥ˷У
ԬƹһĨ֮ɫѡ
Ԭƹҡӣû뵽һﵽȻΪ޷жˣ
ղŰԼĶעѹԬƹϣҲûˣ
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׿Žһݵģ
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ƺûпһκ˿µӣƾʲô
Щ벻ͨ벻ͨҲòһʵ
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ͽmķ⼸ǧ꣬ѾǸ͵ˡ
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ԬƹĿһ۽ֿ˿׵Ȼλ֣ǾôˡƹĴֹС飿
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ĮŽҲǵ˵ƹģҡӵǵˣǿ˾͵ҩ˰ɣ
ɡԣ
Ҳûκεİ취ʵ⿪Ҳ׵ĿԵģ
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˵Ŀһεļе˹Įϣ
˵һ̾Ǿ˵ʱ̵ˣ
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Ψһ֪ĿֻԼˣ
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һҪŸɣȻѡһСģ
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׿ŹĮҲǵһЦ
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׶ȻҲΪ˸һ壬Ժ󴫳ȥ˭֪Ǹƴˣ
ûлˣԺ˸׵ĸǰQˣ
ҪﵽЧ
ָȻǸˣûп㡣Ȼ˵ĻǱھͿ
˵꣡
ĮĽͲĳƶţŵӳ˵У
һʱ䣬֮г˽Ŵ̼ζ




3338  ˵Ľ
 

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ĮԼƿһֺ̣Ȼ˵ĸǰ
̵֣Ҳһǿ״˿һε
һ˵ԼûĲϹ˵İ
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û뵽һ˴ݣ

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ĮɨһȦˣҲ¶һ˿΢Ц
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˵꣡
óһʯݸףҲǻͷĳȥ
׺֣̻֣ڹĮĴ³ҩķ򼲳۶ȥ




3339  ҩ
 

ҩ
ҩҩʹʤҲ൱ĵλġ
ҩҩʹȣ֮ľûмϹ
ʵԭĮֻڽף
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Į̲סˣԭΪһûôļң
û뵽ԼĶӺŮȻһվԣ
ŹĮĻһЦ˳һ˿ĵ״ˣʵҲ֮䣬Ȼ˵һս֮⡭ⲻ˽Ӱɣ




3340  Ҳ
 

ɣ
ɲûеģ
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˵Ŀ⼸ȫ׵ϣҪλ½ĸ׸ҲҴӦ
ȻƸˣĳǣ
״һĨЦݣ·һѾǽһһˡ




3341  Ӧս
 

ҩ´ڣ
ĮϷǳѿ״Ӧʵ̫죬ҲЩƣ
Į֪ЩʵģĻôӳȥأ
һ֮ЩʵһĻЩʵˣ
ĮҲһΪˣˣĸطأ
ԣ
һά׵ļùĮЩûеطվˣ
սʤ֮ҪȻ˵ֹһף˳Ҳܵˣ
ãָȻˬ֮ˣ
һ֮Ĩһ˿޵Ц⣬ΪһȻҪάԼĵλˣ
Īĸһβһ˿˿ΣУ
һһҪһδʱһ
ҪСԺ󿴵ԼоӰźã
һ壬һҪһһЩɫ
һƺǳĺãͲһʲôģֱӾͺˣ
һŹǿʤģҲǹһЦ֮һͨдѣûбҪ˵ôǵ㵽Ϊֹɡ
ðɡ
ЩƣϣЩļһһЩɫ
˳Ҳ˿һǲһˮ
Įۿһףˣ
ˣָһμ棬Ǿˣ
һ˵ǹûʣʵϹĮҪֹҲѾˡ
Ļӣʱҩô㣿
οʵĮҲҪ׵ûʵأ
һһʯĮֺγ뷨أ
ΣȻѡǱѡ񣡣
׿ŹĮЦŵ˲صģƸʵǿ᲻٣ĳȴҲǳصġ
ŶָȻõˣȻ˵Ļھ׼ʼɣ
ĮҲûκζķϻҪԵģȻҪǿ϶粻˳ˣ
״ˣλıԶҩ˵ҲǼΪĺҪȻҵ֪ͨŵһͬսѧϰΣ
ٷһﵹҲЩͷԣȻҪϣֱӳ
ʱҩô
˲ӭҩһµĸλȥûԼļһȻͳΪ˸ѾǳΪʸ֮ˣ
Įɫ쳣ѿҲ֪ⲢԼĶӻŮԼ
еֻǶ׵һĨ֮ѣ
Ҳ⣬Įһ̵ֱܹڣҲΪԭ
ָΪΣ
ĮδֱӻشԼĶӣתͷ׿˹ȥ
һԵĹ¶֮ɫ磬鵹ǲĳѹҲҵȫڵӵ԰ɡ
ô˵أ˼ֹӶû˵أô֪˼ҾͲңѲ˼ҪǸҵĻ㻹ôΰ
֣̿ʼնƢɾûôĺˣ
̵֣ĻɫҲڵһ¾ͺ
ʱ֣һм㡭˵ʲôҲҸʲôϵ
԰Ȼûйϵզʲôλ֮飬ʵ͵λƺûȨָֻŰɣĪǹŮ˵ķһ𱰶ûˣ
֣˵Ϭޱȣ粻֣֮ʲô˵ˣҲǸоЩԲ
㡭˭㡭ҩҩһʲôϵ
ЩܻĿ֣̣оԼѾһߵıԵˡ
ˣ㻹Ӳ˵֣СԼǣƽʱǱڶ̫ݣŵڵĿˣһεĻ֮ȥҩ˼ȥ
Į̵֣ĻҲǶԼŮŭһ
̵֣ʲôͷĮδ֪
Ȼ棬˼һͲʲôˣ˼ƺԼУ
ô𰸼㲻Ǻ֮ȴҲùĮмɵˣ
壬ͲҪǸ״ˣһп𣿡
ٷڹ壬ǲдһЩǵġ
οþӱʮ겻һﲻҪƸô
ˣĺܲҵĻǵʱҪԼĸ״ôԲ˵
ԼĻҲһתȻݺݵĵһ׵ϣһỹվǶŮ˵ĺʲô
׿һ۹壬շһ㣡
һ׵˵ָȻλżˣҿҪȻǾ͵䳡Σ
ĳͲȥ䳡˷ʱˣ⼴ɡ
˵꣡
Ѿǳŵȥһ֮ŭһҲʧ֮С




3342  һVS
 

ҩ´һյ֮У
ѾվǱߣԭԼ䳡ʱΪ׵һ䲻˷ʱŪߣ
ϳŪ֮ɫֵһӦþǺ³ȥˣ
ϾˣʱԼĸ׻ܹԼƽأ
һʱΪƣ
ԭҪȫڵӵһġ
һؾᣬ˼ˣ
һʧȥһܺõȫڵӸǰչʾԼĻᣡ
ȻһҲ֪ԼʵҩҲ֤ˡ
ҩһλʾǿߣԼеһλ
˵ʵѲɻŪһ
֮ǰ˵ʲôսȫ֮ĻһЩȡ裡
˿̣

վ棬ڵȥ·һ֮Կҩһ㣡
һһһվĺ֮У˻³ɱ֮У
һĵʤҲǼΪ
ʵϣ
ԭһһıûʲô˼ǵˡ
ö֮һҲϰ˱˽һˣ
аɣָĳһָĸУ
һ¶Ȼ֮ɫһַ緶˵棡
ףٲȻѾǽ׵°ܽ
׿һһ˿·ɮ붨һ㣡
ĿԣһִսǰĹİ
һߣ
֣̺֣վڹĮԣ֣̿ȥƺЩǣ
֣ϣܿó˭ʤ˭
֣ЩĿ֣ϣʵǿ
һԵĹĮһ֣ϵ֣ϵʵĪ⣬ӦǿԿóİɣ
֣ϹһЦˣĿǰĻƸӦȲʤȯֻ
Ŷ֣ϸڵ뷨һƸʵȷǼһﰡĮҲǵͷ
֣֣̿Щɻʵ֣ϣȻƸӮˣֻʲô˼
С㣬ָʤΨһЩ͸֮ˡһ˭ʤ˭ǺԤϰ
֣ϵҲ±˵ʲôֱֵǺõġ
֣ȻײӮǾô֮ھûʲôǲܵˣ
ŴĴ漣ôһǲǿԸ˴ϲأ
֣Ͼָл᲻ɣĮ֣ҲȤʵ
֣̱֣ϣǲ̫߿˰ʾڵǿߣǼһﶼ͸ɣ
࣡
Įĺоһķʱ֣ҲһĹ֮ɫ
ԭĮֻǾ֣ϿȥƺЩһ㣡
ôҲһ֮ʾǿߣָеķ緶Ҫеģ
̵֣Ļ֮ҲƲסԼˣ
ʲʲôʾڣ
Į֣ϣҲһ֮ɫ
ֵʲô
ʵֵĲ֣ϵʵ֣϶̵֣̬ȣ
ΪʾǿߣĮѲɿ֣Ͽվʵ̶ȵķֹԼ֣ͻȻô
ʾڵĻʲô
ʤûܹõġ
ټ֣ȷȺʣùĮԾĲһ˿΢ı仯
֣Ҳ֪ԼЩ˵©ˣϽǻȿǵıԽ˵ɡ
Į΢΢һЦ֣С߹ϣҩûе
ĻҾǸεεѣ
֣˵ʵΪĸһϹأ
֣ҲЦŵһ໹ЩȤСһĵҲǿԵģ
ָʵҲǱΪָֹڶʤݣҲδ֪
Į֣ϣҲ˵Լʵ
֣ЦŵϿң粻һһпܵģ
һҲе˰֣Ҳǵ
ʱ
һƺ챻׸ĥˣ׳ٳٲ֣ԭһݵģ˿̵ʧ
ȻָԸȶ֣ҪһȶְɣĳΪǾͲˣ
һĨһ˿ĺ⣡
˵ɣʵǲԼУһҪһﳢԼ
ˣ
һ֮ѾǽΧһƬռ䳹׵
ʣ
һâռɣǺмλֳŵĻռ䶼ܹһƬռ˺ѣ
һһҾ徣
һĵ泯׵ķһӰһ̽Ŀⶼ׵ϣ
һޱһļ·




3343  һʤ
 

´֮⣡
Į˵ĿȣóǹĮ֣ƺʱ׼ֵĴ㣡
һǷĵ棬֣Ҳǵ˵ԣ
֣ȴʾһʦķ緶
֣ϵУһĵֻǻԡ
ʵ˵֣ܹһѾ൱ˡ
Ҫ֪֣򿴵ǿ߲һڶʤݷǳţĵȥֻܹСƵ֣
һԼĵһȷҲǰ׽еġָЩ鷳ˡ
ĮһҲǱĺܽ
һбɶʤ
֣Ͽһ۹ĮҲ¶һ˿Цݣ
Ϊһ̣׻ûκεĶ
Сİף
֣̿׻ɮ붨һ㣬Щżˣ
һԵĹ͹ٷ翴ǰľҲ¶һ˿Цݣ
壬һΪһʲôأĪǸɵӰɣ
ٷ翴Ź壬һֱһƺЩ
ߣղһΪЩʵأڿһĵ϶ˣ
ҲЩ˵ֻ廰δ䣡
֮гһĨľ֮ɫ
¡
һ뵽˵Уһ̼˶˳룡
ಣ
һӰһ˿Ѫ֮ɫ´ķֱӷ˹
һȭͷײ壬ֻǿǰӰ˶±ˣ
ԭ˻ڵ⵶ۣһĵһ˺ôأ
ȻҩǺܻӭǱϾҲն֮˰
һҪ˺׵ĻôԺҩôأ
ֻһеĵǣһƺȫΪУ
ΪһĵѹҲûף׵ȭͷѾֱӽһɳȥ֮Զ
һȭ֮У
δʣֱȭͷӲĽһˣ
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֣𾪵Ŀף͸׵ʵЩֲˣ
Ҫ֪ԭ֣һֱΪ׵ʵ
Ҳȥڽһȭ֣ϱ㾪
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ʹӸղ׵һʵȻ֮һҪ߳һЩƺҲ߳˶٣
ֻǸ߳ôһЩĻô֣ϵʵôῴ׵ʵأ
ղһ˲䣬жһһ֮
ȻѸײڶ֮ƣֱӽȭͷһϣ
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ɾֱӷˣ
һѪ̱˵ϣʵҲΪղʵЩˣ
ʱĶԴֵĻٵһҲôң
״ͷβһֱ̬֣߱
һ˵ƿʵЩϧˣ
˿̣
ĮҲһ𾪵ĿŶףΪһʱҲ˵ɣ
еĳɷ棬׵ʵѾӹˣ
ǰָʵԲԼ֮°
ֲ֮ǰ׽ҩʱ˼ԥԥȥģԼԱ֮ͨĻ˼ѹҲԼģ
ҩһļ񵽱Ҳ˵أ
̴֣ʱŶɷƵף֮г֮⣬Ȼһ˿Īľϲ֮ɫ
һݾϲԼ˵Ϊʲô
ڵ̶֣׵ȤԽԽˣ
Լڣûһܹ֣˵Ŀ͸˵Ҫһ̽أ
ǸղűQĻֵĹٷ͹һı飡
ϵһĨ֮ɫþδɢȥһ̿ʼǻҲҸˣ
һʧζʲô
һźܶ˶ģҩĵλǳ׵Ķˡ
ǿɻлҪ˵
Įʮֵ𺳺ͿģǱǻǱֵ൱ĺã
ȿȿȣ
һ˵Ĳ֮£֮ҲĨһ˿֮ɫָĪ⣬һʵ
ݸһЦдѣƸҲֻһʱ⣬
ô˵һӣһҲһЦһԵλ
ĮҲһεĻص˴֮У
ʱЩ΢ֱӱĮԭһλá
һԵ˿ףǶ΢΢ףóڵǶѾǳ׵Ͽˣ
Į˵һ˲ᣬһǰʥŮٵԱ֮Уһλþָɡ
һȻвʣڵȷ˲ᣬʥŮٵϯλȻ󣬿ûлָĻҲ˷ѣ
ֻһ֪᲻ףһлǲģ
ȻˣΪ°ܽһھ͵ſ׵Цˣ
֮˳mķ򼲳۶ȥ




3344  ٵmֵ
 

׵һУ
һЩӹҲסˣΪ˼ʵǱߣҲ˵ʲô
ĻʱԿϵĿ¾Լˣ
ֻһƵǣһʥŮٵԵϢ֮ͱ׸ˣ
Ȼڵʵܶģ
леģ͵ſ׵Цˣ
˸ˣ
˵һβʸûС
ԭҩǿ˲μӣһˣҩʵܵһˡ
һҩʹȵĻǾЩˣ
ʵĮһѹҲûУΪʲô
ΪӮҲΪһεûͨѣ
ˣԭТʥŮıͨòҲν顣
ЩԼϿɲһǸ
mֵڣ
ĮľŸ˽У
ʤݱŻ߼壬ÿźͼ嶼óʮˣ
mֵȻطܴ󣬵һʥŮٵҲ
ЩڶʤݿȥΪţˣʵmֵڶҪװӵģ
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ٷҡҡͷ壬»治һеطס
֮ˣûеطסҲνġȥmķϼ£
Įνסס⣬˵ʵһ㶼ס
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࣡
Įʱ֣еģҲһľ֮ɫ
޷Ĳҵж󣬹ĮȻ֪ĲǺԼҲһģ
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ҪǱԵǻǲ̫ܵ顣
mʶıһôʶأ
ԹĮһԼĶӺŮô˵֪һûаʲôģ
׵Щν˵ȻҪȥȥɣҲǴ
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νԱҲֻҪܺù߸ɵŰɣ




3345  ԩ·խ
 

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mܹ㵽ڣž޴Ӱģ
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ŻmУмƳһס
׵˵߰ɣˣͽȥһɡ




3346  Ȫ
 

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ոճԱлģ
׵˳һתѾ뵽һǵİ취
ŻҲЩ˵磬һôƷѣôȥأmеĶǺܹصأ
أֻЩСط˵ģԺȥ֪ⶫʤݲǾ֮ܶѣ
Щǿ׳ĿŶ׵ˣ
֣Цһһ˾Ͳ֪ߵغ񣬿˵ľ֮ĸֻʺ㰡
λǿͣmƹȪʲô󾡹˵
һλƹεӿȥЩնյģһԲһ̵ģ
о̻
ƹģղűٲ˵ʲôöʺǼģóƣЩͲҪˣ
ĿȪȻһεɨһ׵
λӴհȪŻҲЦʵ
ڣ
˵ԼĳʱһźʹݾԾһִһ㣡
ԭǶڵĻӣʧʧȪŻҲˬʵ˵
Ȫ˵ĸӣҲǶżӵԺƹǵ˶򣬱ĳżɣ
ǣ֪һǡȪһСʵ
ʵҲûʲô˴αٷ֮ǰҩʹ顣Ǳٵһδ͵ôأ
ʵԭֻ׼Сװһ£
ϾǴطˣûһԽôֵĳأ
ԭˣʵĳ߻һЩ˽صĶֻ۸ԹһЩ
Ȫ̧ͷһۻҲ˵
ֻȻȥأƺҲû˵Ļ˼
СֶǼˣ۶ѣ
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ֿӲһ£ľͲȪԸˣ
˷ʥŮٵʵҲmֵһѣ
ƹģǲǺöҲóһưɣǺöʯԻĳ˵⣡
¶һ˿м飬ȻȪóʲôö
λ
ȪܿһƫĵطȻָһָ
һᣡ
λŮһ˳ʱ˵Ŀⶼеĸ˵ϣ
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ȪҲû˵
ȻȪóĶʵЩΣ
ֱʮļ̰
ˡ
ڻȪмһ˵ʱ׵뵽˵ĶС




3347  һ
 

ţ
ȪףһûзӦĹ
ʵһ㣬ȪԼҲ֪ġ
ŻĻɫһЩƽˡ
ֻ⻨ȥҲûеôΣ
ϾǴӶģ۹⵹Ҳеġ
Ϊ׮ҪƵʱû뵽·ɱһӳ
Ȼˣ
ⶫûȥʱ۸˵׼ġ
׵Աߣ֣̿ЩƵ˵ֹӣⶫƺһɣҪĻҿһЩõĸ㣡
л֣С⣬⼸ҿŵ˳۵ġ
̵֣İЦŵ
װβǵӣЦһǸСطģ⼸Ҫ
ƹģ㿪۰ɡ
ײδǿŶȪЦŵ
ȪȻȻָ˵г⣬ǾǧƷʯΣ
ǧƷʯ˭۵ģ
⼸棬ҲƷȥ΢һЩ
ǸһҩһʯͷѹҲûκε塣
ǿʯͷǸʲô˶
ǧƷʯ˻ǻⰡ
֣ҲһʵЩˣѲĵǲʶô
ǧƷʯλŮôԾôƺҲôΰ
֣̣м˵
֣ŭ˵ʲôϵһȥ
㡭ƲԳԷƣʥŮٵٵҪ㻹ǲ˵
̶֣Լ˵ĲأҲǳ׵ŭˣ
Ż˭㻹รɣ֣̲м˵
ǧƷʯҪˣ
̸֣Ǻ֮ʣƮƮһ仰ֱֹͣ
ֹӣˣ
֣Щɸֵ˵ⲻƽ޹ʵ˿ô
ǸļһһֱſǵЦ
ˣЦͱʵô
֣ԼڼЩʵģȥЩʵЩƵĺܣ
һҲЩ˵ָ⼸ȷЩ̫һ㣬ôʯǲǡ
˵Ķԣָ˼
ٷ翴ףҲһе˵
ǵ˼֣һģǶϣ˿ҩʹȵǸˣ
ûˣֱóһʯƹģˢɡ
֣
ȪЩʯʵղűǧƷʯҲΪ׻۵ġ
ôҲû뵽һﾹȻǸɵȱȻһ۶
⼸ǻһСŵȷǲĶ
ҩʹȺҩţЩȻϡƽҲʲô£
Щص£һ˭˭ɵȱζ棡
ν̫ԸϹ
ȪһϹ֮ҲǼе׵ʯȻԹԵˢ
ܿ죬ױɹˣ
ϲϲ⼸ˣȪҲǴãҲЦŵ
лƹ񣡡˵ĿһԵ֣߲ѣ
׽֮У֣̾С죬ƺЩ
һԵĻ׻֮ҲǿЦ˼ɵӾɵӣͷʤݵɵԽԽ˰
ҲǺܽ˵ҩԽԽįˣȻ˶ܹΪʲôˣ
ʲôҩѡ˭ҩʹʲôϵ˵
壬֮ûκε壬׬˾ˣ
׿Ź壬Ҳǵ˵
һԵ֣̿û˵׬ˣ˵ֹӣ߸ô׬ˣ
⡭
׿Цһʵ̫ࡣ
ԥԥӣҲǳ˵²̨ˣʼҪĺˣ
Ȼλ֪ĳ͸λһΰɣ
׿ŻֻһƳ⻨ܵһѹ
֣׵ĻҲǾ㵵ʵô
Ȫ˿׵ĻԭЦҲЩʧȡ֮һ±Ƶı飡
ȪʲôԼܹۣ
ܿ뵽һԣǿʯͷ
ʵǿʯͷȪŪӲȥģܶʱ˵һѣȻûˣ
׵ĻȻһֲõԤУ
ףҲЦһװװҪ˵óȻٸǧƷʯ
ֺ»Ĳ
Це˵˿ȴһöղŵǿ鲻۵ʯͷ




3348  Ļ
 

mУ
ҲĿ첻ˣһǳԿˣھȻװʲôβǣ
⼸ʲôǺõģ
ǴӶģ֪ܲʲôǺõģʲôǲõô
⼸ǿʯͷЩ֮⣬Ҳô£
ֶȻԼ׬ˣ
ֻ˵뷨Ǹֻ࣬Ȫƺʶʲôͬ
ǿʯͷо˰죬һֱо͸
ԣŴ汣һЩظеģ
ǿʯͷǺöĻȪҪѪˡ
ڵȪϣ׾Ϊڴţӥ˿¾Ҫӥˣ
̴֣ʱףҲЩɻʵֹӣ⵽ô°
֣Сʶ㣬һأЦʵ
֣ϸĶһԵļȻ˵ʵǿȷ϶ʲôöֻʯͷ
һʯͷĪǿʯͷ˵ǺöɣǸЦ
мĿףھǿһﲻˬ
һԵҲЦŵ磬˼ҼȻҪװװˣҪһ޵ģ
Ȫ˿̿ףܵľЩԾǿ˵ĵݣһЩˡ
Ҳ֪ûκεôˣ
ȻȪṆ̀ȴҲԸԸˣ
иöûп취ŪȥĻmеԱͲҪˣ
֣̿ףֿ˿ҲЩ͵˵ֹӣǺöĻ͸ǽһɡ
Ǻðɣ֪̹û˵һֶĻ裿
׿֣̣Ҳ¶һ˿ЦݣЦݵȷǾϲЦݣ
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mԱҲǹһ顣
ҲŲǣ
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ԭĻ˵ֻڼĲп֣ܳû뵽һξȻСطˣ
֮ͨĻһҲ
Ҫ˵Ļñ֮ͨӵĹ㷺
ԣ
˵ǧ򣬾Ҳ򵽵Ļ裬һ㣡
ǰʯͷȥֻȭͷĴС̺ĵĻѾ൱ķḻˣ
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Ҳ̸ܽĵҩ˵ǼΪؼһ֮ͨõĻԼ꣬ǶԺҲ൱ģ
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ϲĻӦģֻĻֻһ㣬ĳһȥ̲һԼ꣡
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׿һȪĵرбԼķĻҲ⣡ʯͷӦǼĵʯ鿴ͨʯͷû̫ҲӲȱ֮һʯͷҪӲܶ࣬ҲǷǳǿġ
ʯʯֲá
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һԵĻҲĿɿڴĿ׵⡭Ҳ̫һɣ
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׿Żû̫ķϻ
죬ѾˣҲֱóǧƷʯ
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ûֲ˼֮УѾǧƷʯ뿪mУŷӦȥ
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׽̵֣ĵ̣ʥŮٵ֮ǰŲˣ
ֻ֪ڶô֮Ҳǻȥȥˣ
ܿ죡
׽޷ûж֮޷ſѾǳλʾǿߣǵĿֱָף




3349  ˭۸˭
 

޷ڣ
׸̶֣棬һԵľǱ˶˲ˮĴڣ
Ȼ½ƹģľ֪һеԴ˭
ʱ׸ӵˣ
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ڻִŵĺܰѲǲ֪m֮вֵܶĵɣ
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֣֣ҵĵ̻ҵңһŻǵӷʰǽ
̵֣ǴˣⶫǲУ
ľȻҲǵʮ㣬ڵȻǴСҲǳصĲǣ
ܿ죡
м˳ǵĻ˹һȥָʹģò磡
ͷ֮˻ǻֻŵ߿ȥһȻ֮ɫƺǰ׷У
ֵģּˣһ˿
׿˿Цŵ˸ϽȥĳԵʲôûзĻ
ⶫʤݵʲôʱ˵ôеˣ
δڣһԵһλѾ˳֮гŭɫ
Ҫô׷ʵ
ôĻ轻ǿԷһߵ֮һḬ֮̃ɫ
󵨣޷ģǵӻǷʰ
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ߣǾͶºˣ
̵֣䣬Ҳֿһ˿Ц
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֣˵޷֮ˣȷܳȥô
׿һ֣ϣȻŶĻ֣ϣȻҪȱǾȥȱɡ˭ĳҪѵһ֪ߵغļһ
һһ
֣ҲǴ֪׵ʵǰ֮Ȼʾڣǿأ
ʱ֪׷ʲô飬һԵҲЩ㵵ʵ峤ϣ⡭⻹úԳǲЩС˰
˵ʵҪǿû뵽ⶫʤݵ޷Ȼ
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ʵһʼҪǲԸġ
Ǻ̧˵ĻĻ峤ϺϻûʲôȤ
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ҲŵͷһЩˣ
ָδã֣һε̧ͷס
ǰĻ֣ϸѯף
ϾΪǿߣҪһСطĸô
Ǿ⼸Ĺ֣ڲǷ׵֮
ǷԼҵĴСƺԽԽˡ
ʱĳ˵ĻԺ׿ɾ˰
֣Ȼ͹ϵֵĻǷǳġ
ѯף֣ҲǾܹ׵ĹϵԺⲻҪΣ
ǸŮ뿪ɣʣµֻҪŪ˾ͺá
׿һۻԱߵŮûʲôȤ
Ȼˣ
ҲľҪѵһ˶ѣϾڵˣ
˵ףʵҲԼˣ
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ң
ƺûʶΣԣ
ʱߵѾȻ뿪ߣΪǷ鲻̫ˣ
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һҵѾֱӳ֣϶
ɽöλ峤Ӧ̫࣡
¡
ײֵĻ֣ϻĲôĿ
޷ҵģǾԲϢġ
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ŽһغϾͱĵز峤ϣ֮г˾֮⣡
Ҫ֪峤ǿʾڵǿ߰Ȼ˵Ĳһ
ôһ֮ˣڻ˵ʲôأ
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ܣûôף
ʱ
׵ĸצѾǯһǯס˻ֱۣһһǺ֮ѾǴ޷
ٷ͹ʱ׾ȻԶڵ˶֣Ҳǳ׵±ˣ
һԵĹĮҪֹףԼҲһȦ״̬




3350  ǵĹĮ
 

޷ڣ
ĮһԶŮʱһȦĿ׺֣϶֣
ҶֵĶȻǶڣ
ĮΪʤԺյҩ֪ܲڵĴڣ
Ϊǿ֮һڵͷʵ쵱Ĵڣ
Ŷҩ˵Ǳ֣֮Լո˵ĸȻ͸̫ͷ϶
Ȼ֣ǳţ˼ҵʱվԼһأ
Ӳ
һ粻Ķɣ
ĮŵǣһڵҩĻô֣ҵܹʱʱ̵̿վԼߣ
֣еĵۣĻҲǸܵ飡
һ̾Ϣ
Įʱһͷû뵽һδҴmֵΪʥŮף٣ȴô鷳
ֻѾǶˣܹʲô취أ
䣡
һȭһȭ˻ϣʱĻȥͷûʲô
һԵλ峤ϣƺҲòȥ
Ȼ֣û֣ȴҲǡô˿ȥһϢĸо
죡
һ̣˵иоĺһһ㣡
ָ֡
Į˿ûֵͣ˼ֳʲôǿɾû취ճˣ
鼱֮ҲǼæס˻Ҫ׼ֵף
˿̵ĻҲһ±Ƶ״̬
ڵˣȻڶʤСط˸ˣ
ҪǴȥĻԺڶеĻô
һ뵽ߣֱҪһطȥźã
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Įһĸ̣ѲԼѾôΰ
ǵָǶţ߹Ȼƿ¡
˲ҲˣǶ۸ͷˣǻװӵĻԺô죿
׿ŹĮҪľǸĮһ
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ⲻ׵һɶѣ
οһֱҪڶʤѰһطţҩúʵĺܣ
ȻĿǰײһɲһֱҪһ֮ˣ
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ĮԱߣ嵹һνĿԼĸ׵״ˣҾ˵ĺܶԣ֮˻ľһԼ΢ǿһЩ˾װӵĻԺôڶʤ㣡
壬ݵú״ڸָ˵廰ķô
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֣ϣ֪ڿǶŰ
Į֣ҲͣҲεҡҡͷ
֣ݸһЦָȻôѾ˶Բˣ
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׹һЦһһҩҪٳ߸ͷһͲηηβȻĳҩȻҩͣͲǰ
㡭ǸҵţһϾͻ˹ˣҪǸصĴۣ
ʱҲ޻˵ݻǲܲ˵ģ
˵ףеģ
ܹ򣬿Ŀɲţʵ
Щʤݵͼһʱˬʱȫ᳡
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׿ŻҲԹԵЦ
׼Ҫ֣ҲĭĲ֪ΪʲôһȻ˵Ĵ󵨣
ָ˰ɣۡǻǴӳĺð
ĮҲܲˣȥĻಡ¶Ҫˣ
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һ˵ĻĮܵĺ
ӸոտʼԭΪ׵ļܹҩ绢
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ֻ֪ǹĮ֪
׵ĻǹĮǹ塢ٷ綼ǵһ
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ȻҲҪһﵽôģ
ߣ˭Ҷڵˣ
˼һʱһɤű֪˴һǻŭ𣡣




3351  ۾
 

޷⣡
һŭݵվ棬˷ٴʤݣʵҪ˱ף
ֻΪʱִ٣ڻûڵĳʱȥף
ŵǵȵʥŮٵ֮һǰɽȥݼס
û뵽ǣոյ˶ʤݾȻ˸Ҷڵ˶֡
˵⶯ֵ˻Ƕʤĳ֮ˣ
۸˾Ȼ۸ڵͷˣôܹȥأ
峤һѵ
ĳ˹ȥѾ˿
ý㣬⡭ļһҲ̫˰㡭㿴ǰҸ峤϶ʲôˡ
޾ıƣ񿴵޶оˣ
ۣ
ƺҲ⻨ģҪ֪һﶪ˶Ŀڵ˰
ʵǿᣬ¡
峤ҲǱƵĺܣԭǹ۸˵ģڱ˸۸ô죿
ִֵĻһεгľҪıˣ
ʱصŵĻ֪Ҫܵôأ
ڵˣû˵˭к³أ
޷ô
С޷ˣжʤҩˣ峤ϿģҲǸϽ
˵һ飬˭֣
ѸȥҪ⣬Ҫ˭ôţ棡
ң
׵洫˳ѻһ
û뵽طȻ׵һʱԼоЩΣ
ѸϽ泯˹ȥҪȷһµǲף
һԵĹĮ˿Żѳ˽ҲǼæһжᡭ
᣿ҷƨý㣬һղڣֱ
ŻѵӣһͼӴ׵˵
ѵǼλĸһҲʱ׼֡
Ϊ֪ڣԲ˵ġ
Ƣ˭֪أ
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ѵԱߣһλ׷ͯյߵ˵
ֹ֡ӡ
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׿Żѵ˵ѹּˣ
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ѴʱףԵЩִ٣
⡭λǡ
ղվڻ׼ֵλߣԼҵģҲЩˣ
ԱߵĻһĿɿڴĿŻѣ
ȻҲû뵽ֵļһȻýʶ
λѵľˣֹӣ
ѿףҲ˽ܵ
֮ǰѱշ֮ȥҲһϹ
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ý㣬⡭֮ǰ˵λˣ⡭Ҳ̫ɺ˰ɣ
һߣҲ˰ˣ
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׿Ż˵ѹ㻹ûйܺ˰ĳյõһЩöͱ˸ˣ
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ý㣬⡭Ҳ֪ľ˰⡭Ǵˮ
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׵ĵͷȥһ˵ģ
ŻѺڵһ˴æȥʱĹĮ˿ףһݵı.
ָҲ̫ţһɣ
ԭΪһͻ϶޷ˣû뵽ȻӲı˼ҸǧĻˣ
ģԺҩҪʲô˼һĿ԰æҲ˵أ
ĮΪĴͷûг֣ľȻҩпܵ
ùĮܲأ
׵ӣĮ̵֣ѾΧ˹ȥ
һ˵ľϲҲ̫һɣ




3352  Դ׵֣
 

ڵˣ
ߵʱһ˿ǫͱ΢ôƵҩҲһĿɿڴ
ԭĮΪ϶ǹȥˣôҲû뵽Ȼɵľͻˣ
׻ʲôһģ
ĮΪԼ֮ǰִŶоһ˿ң
˵ʵ
ҩԼûа취ߵ̫ԶˣԿҩʹȵĶѾЩҡˣ
׵ļˣԭѾЩľƣĹĮһεĿҩ˵ϣܲô
ָڶͶذ
Į˿ﻹ׵ʲôڿȥҪһЩ
һԵĹ弤Ŀ׵ָ̫ˣ
ٷҲǵͷȻû˵ĴĴָѾ˵һУ
֣̿ףҲЦŵֹӣ㵽ôڵİӢ۾ôûǻ
ζ
һԵ֣ԼҴСĻ֮оȻ˵Ĵ⣬Ҳ΢΢һ̾
ԭСĻ¾֣Ϊͷ۵飡
֣ڼ֮һǱܳ谮Ժܶ鶼ġ
ڵڣ֣СԸԽԽ߰
ô꣬Ȼûһܹķۡ
֣ԼҲû뵽ƫƫСطȻԼҵλС㶯ˣ
֣ô꣬һССܿ
ǵԣ
֣ΪԼֵĺܺãֻôҲû뵽ԼǵС˼˿ֱǳһֱ֣
ԭҲЩ֪ǵ֣ô˵֮Ҳסˣ
ľګˣʱҲһЩ˰ɣ
һЦ̹ĪҪᣬĳֻѡ
ðɣ㣡
֣̿ףҲǵ˵
ʵ֣ԼҲ֪Լʲôʱʼôˣһ㣡
һ͵Цָ̽ܵĿϰ
ʲʲôʲôҹʲô
֣ŹûûСļһϹҲɫһ졣
Ȼ
֮еһ仰ƺЩһ㴰ֽĴ㣡
ĮΣҲЩתƻ˵ǡɶٹʥŮٵҪˣǼȻˣҲΪָ취ɣ
ʲô취֣Щڹʵ
Įһ㶣漴ЩƵʵ֣С㲻֪
Цŵ̹ﵱȻֻ֪֪ĳ֮Լ
ߴʲôհ֣Щɻʵ
Цŵͨ
ͨ˵ѾͨʥŮΪٵ֮ô
֣̿ףҲƵʵ
ʵ֮ǰ׼ҩʱҪһеôˣ
֣ڶҲһЩ˽ˣһһǳִŵˡ
ͨ
͸ʥŮ£һﶼûκηļ
˵ЩĽ׿еǸˣ
һˣΪһŮ˵ִţ˲жô
ֻ֣֪һɽ绹ôŮ˵ĻҲѪˡ
ڵȷѾʮʥŮΪĮͷ
һԵĹƵʵ״ˣָҲҪͨɣ͸mĶôҪĻأ
Į̾һȷôһĻᣬҩܹһٵҩȶ֮жĻǿʥŮһҪġ
ʥŮҪ󣿼ҪĻǰͳȥĶҪ⡭ҲЩְɣ
ٷŹĮĻҲЩε˵
ָͨãҲֻܾˣĮ̾һڶڴ˷ûʲô̫İա
һûлĻǾİ취취ǱҪġ
Ҳν˵ֻҪ֪ͨʲôطǽǵõ
ܱʲôط֪Ҫǿɣ
˼֮ҲھĵȴʥŮٵĵ
ʤ˵ʥŮٵͷȴˡ
˿̵׵һˣ
ﵱȥ֮ҲûκεϢ֪椿϶ǻmֵ֮С
ѲҪɱʮʥŮɣ
ĻҪµʱҲΪˣ
֮
mֵ֮УѾŵƽʣmֵƺһ쳣ܵ״̬֮У
ڹĮ˵Ĵ֮mֵֻǵmֵһ̣㿴һϤӰ




3353  ҩʹȣ壡
 


һֱڵİΣһصùĮǰĿľΪѰ
ʵЩ̫ǿǶ㲻ҪӲӲĻЩm˵˿ˣ
ž
ʮֵĽţľȫһἴҪǳλʮʥŮϣ
׵ֱһͺ˳
㣡
￴ףȻҲû뵽һﾹȻˡ
׿ڶ࣬ĶֵĻǵڷɶ˻𣿵ʱĳҪ㣬Ҳ
˭˭Ҫȡ
￴ףҲǶݺݵĵһۡ
ЩεĿڲ˵ʱνӱ겻ʹ߿ô
ҪңǸ̰֮ɲ
￴ףǾЩ̰
ôͲȰأ׿ҲһƵ˵
״Ϊ룬û뵽ȴһβ
ѾƺױһЩ롣
ƺһڵĹصϢûУôͲ±Ǹճķô
׿ôᣬҲε̾һ

֮ǰǸһҪļһ϶ȱϯģ
ονĵˮĹصϢ֪Ǽ٣
ģһ˾ܹƻʮʥŮ׼ļƻ
ֻҪһ˿ĻᣬҶġǷm˵˵òҲҪõ
׿εҡҡͷ
Ȼڲʲô飬һ֮Ͳܱ֤ˡ
һһ
ҲֻˣȴһΪ󵨵뷨
뷨һγɣԼоЩˣ
ౣأ
Ʈһ仰֮Ҳ뿪Ǳߣ
˵ʵһŶʱըһĴڡ
ھԼļƻܹ˳һЩ
θڿɲҪСֻ鵽ܲܳɹҪƾˣ
һû̫һȺ֮У
mֵ˭Ҳȥע˲ɵˣ
ֻһεĮߵʱȴֹĮ˿˽̸š
ȴڽ̸֮м䷢һˣ죡
û뵽СӾȻҲˣԼЩزס˰
Ҳûν飬һССɽҲû̫˻עġ
ˡ
״󷽷ĳǱ˹ȥĮףҲˬʵЦ
ڸһ£λҩ½ָ
Įҩʹȵ壬Ҳ¶һ˿Цݡ
㣡
һԿף֮Ҳðڵɱ
ϣʶˣ
忴죬Ҳüʵ
ҩʹȽ֮Уʶ׵ֻһ죬һ
ΪƺܵһЩţȻû
ûȴܲģ
ˣԩ·խĮǻˡ˱֮ǰɽǸֵļһ
ЩһĿףں޲ý˰ƤƲźã
Ϊ飬ҩʹȲһ㶼ΪʤݵЦˣ
忴˿ףȵ˵ԭԭҪȥɽһû뵽ѾǳΪҩһСˡ
ﻰͬ㣬ֺСһ˵ææҪȥɽ۸һСţЩĿ࿴
Į壬ҲΪ˵
忴ŹĮ˵ˣƤĹĳȷǸϲϹҵĶԹƺһЩˡ
вˣбµľܷˡĮЦһ
ǺΪ֮ɣҩͲҲ˵أ
һûͷûβĻȻЦ˼ֱ뿪ˡ
壬ΪǱŴĲɣʲô
ĮʵһֱǱѹƵģⶫʤҩʦҲǱϼһѳţ
˵ΪףĮûôĵаأ
û뵽ȻôŰ裬ֱ̫
׿ŹĮҲݸһЦˣˮڣ
λʥŮ¼ݵ
mֵһƬ֮ʱһԲޱȵɤ쳹mֵ
Ȼ˵֮˵ʵǷǳǿ
ʧһλͷɴŮڼλֵĴӵ֮Ҳ֮У
ȣȷѰ֮󼰵ģ
ʥŮٵأʥŮº鸣졣ٵһ̡




3354  
 

һɤ쳹mֵ
mֵڣ
һλֱվ˵ĸǰһ̣٣
ˣ
±ŷһ֮
ν٣һ˵ǣ
ʵϾǸɳһЩֿʼʱ벻ľϲ
֪˲
ྲ
λ߿һҲһ
ܿתͷȥʥŮ£֪ǷԿʼˣ
ʮʥŮ
m֮мȨԺӰ֮һ
Ҫ֪mЩ߸ϵļ֮⣬ϵλߵľҪ㵽ʥŮͻˣ
ʮʥŮȻʵδﵽ𾳣ĵλ֮һǿҪ֪߳ٱ
һطǼǰӵɽХһ㣡
ϣһⶫʤݣ˵ɣ
ʮʥŮΧ֮ˣɴҲƮȻ渶֮
ʥŮּܲ
ǸϵҲͷֻü֮һĨǿ֮ɫ˾ֲѣ
ǿߣ
ܹóʵ֮ˣҲˡ
״ʱüͷǸˣ
Ҫ֪ǿ̧֮ǱǻһĴڡ
һ뵽ߣױ֮ǰСҪǹĻǸ˼¶
ʮʥŮ΢΢̧ͷ˵лλǰ٣֮ǰҲѾ˱˼ˡ
һε٣ǶߣԴӦһҪ󡣲˴ߣҲܵƣܳʮ꣡
ˣĻҲͲ˵ˣ汾Ϊ߳⡣
һ˿ʮʥŮԭҲڴ֮ɫ
ʮʥŮ֮ԭ׼֮һӾ±ˣ
Ҫ֪֮ǰѹûư
ʮ꣡
ǿ˵ֱһζ顣
Щʲô֮ģ˵ʮ꣬ʮ궼һܹס
Ҳ˵һʮ˵ס˺ܶĵĸ֣
ʮꣿ֮ǰ˵ûô
ǰʮĻֻһЩŲл˰
ʥŮҲ뷨İʮꣿⲻѡô
أǱҲûʲôϣڲǿֶѣ
һʮʥŮĻҲһ£
ʥŮԱߵҲЩ㵵ĿʮʥŮȻ֮ǰӦҲǲ֪ġ
ͻı仯úܶ˶ԾǺӦ
˲ģ˸оܿˣ
ҩʹǱߣϢʱǾȻԾЦ
ֻҩߣĮϢʱЩü
ʮ꣡
ҩһ֮УҲǹ͹ٷˣ
츳ȷǺܲҪ˵Ҫϣĺã
ھҪȥѰҴߣҲûʱˡ
ڶЩţǵɫƺҲЩ̫ãΪǾ׼Ķһ̼ǱȫƷˣ
ྲ
ϵһε쳹ȫԭ۷׷׵һεĽĿۼʮʥŮϣ
λʮʥŮ۶Ƶ
˵һ仰ֱЩ˶Ȧˣ
ȷʮֵˣ
Ҫ֪ʥŮһǻϿһ˰
ҩһ˵ľ츳֮Уٵҩʦ䣿һαm֮Ѱҩšٵ֮Ҳϣѡγһλš
ʮʥŮ˵뷨Ҳ̫ڡ
m£ôİԵޱȣ
οޣ˭ܹʵm࿹أ
Ǵ޻ޣһҩʦļֵ˵ױȵģ
Ϊһҩʦͳĸ֣
ʥŮ£ҵȶʣǶĻǲκ᣿
£һλҲǱȭ
ʮʥŮĿбȻǸɴȴҲܹܵõЦݡ
ͷֻҪõȻû⣡
лʥŮ£
ʥŮĻҲ¶һ˿
ʮʥŮЦһҲǶ˵˷ȶȡսƣһֱսΪֹĿһö񵤣

񵤣
˿ʮʥŮЩ㵵ĺ˳Ҫ֪༶ҩ
Ȼϣ
༶ҩĴڣʮµҩʦ༶ҩ˵ѶȿɾǲСˣ
񵤣Ϊ༶ҩ֮ѶĴһöҩĿĵȷЩѶȣ
ҪƳ༶ҩͱżҩʦˣ
һԴӣ˾֪ƵѶȵжˣ
ʮʥŮ⣬ѾЩŶüˣ




3355  
 

񵤣
ʮʥŮĿһ֮о֮ɫ
񵤣Ҳ̫˰ɣʮµҩʦмܹƳİ
ɲզΣҲ֪ʮʥŮôİ
Ȼmѡҩʦ񵤶ƲĻҲ֮Ϊҩʦˣ
һкϷˣһҲֻжЩŲܹϣ˰
¶ʤݵһɫǺܺÿ⼸ǽųˣ
֮ǰЩһϣĿܲлõʥŮĴ࣡
Ŀһϣûˣ
Զ
ĮҲһ̾ϢһԵ֣̺֣϶üѣ
ָһαûа취˰
ĮҲ΢΢һ̾һΪ͵ˣڶ񵤵ѶȵȷǺܴ
ĻҲǽܹƳ
Ů壬ԭҪģأûϣ
οһսƣ
ûаյĻȥҲ˷ʱͶˣ
֣ĿҲһͷĿѣֹӣʮʥŮûһҩʦμӡΪ༶ҩȷѶȺܴ󰡡
ԭһ׼ָȡһµģʵ̫ˡҸ״֮⣬ҩҪɹƣˣ
ʱҲЩǸȻĿףЩį
׵νЦŵȿ˵ɣ
ĮͷҲֻˣα仯ʵЩ찡
ɫǺܺÿֻ˭Ҳûע⵽׵ı鼸ûκεı仯
Ȼˣ⼸ע⵽Σ
һıһֱٴķˣƺһ䲻ģ
ʥŮµĿѳڳŶһβĻᣬ˭
һģɨһȦΧҲ΢΢һЦ
ڣѣ
˭Ҳû뵽һľȻǶպڣ
⻨ΪڵҲʮֵĳ
ѳһ̣ϵɨһ۵ͺϸ񣬿ԲҩٱԣЯϡΪУԴλĳɼ
ಣ
ϻ֮ʣλѾǳ˵ĸǰ
˻
λֵ߳һ̣Ҳǵһ
ϼҩʦ
һӾȻͳλϼҩʦǿΪҩʦ
m֣ȻҲʲôˣ
ʮʥŮ˿Ѿ֮·λ
ϡϡϣҲǻ
ϺͻλϼҩʦȻֻǷ࣬мľȻλϣ
˵ϵĵλ֮λҪһЩ
ʥŮУȻôĳ֣Ҳǲò̾һˣ
ҩĲ϶Ѿ׼õģЩ϶m˵ʵǲʲô
ѴʱѾ׼ˣ
ݣ
һζһζҩĲϵĽ뵽˻Ѹǰҩ֮УҲǳڴ
ֻ⻨ѵʵƺ֧񵤵ƣĶͷϴ˿Ҳðһϸ
ʱһһĹȥˣ
ѵҲǽ˹ؼڣ׿ŻѵӣҲ΢΢ҡͷ
ΪǻܹƳҲֻǿƳƷ༫񵤣
̨֮ϣ
ϵ˵ѣֹҩ
üͷһ壬˳ԭڽеҩǣ
ȥҲ˷ʱ䣬Ȼ츳ԣдߡ
л㣡
ԭڶҲһţЩǿߵлʲôǣ
ʵԼҲҪͻһԼļޣܲƵó񵤣
ֻͻȻͣʵЩ̫ˣ
mһǿߣѾʲôƢҲʱ򷢳ˣ
˭Ըһԣ
ɨһȦһĮı飡
һʱ䣡
mֵȻ֮Щѵʧúܶ˶оһľ
ϾڶҲǺˣ
ʧˣôأ
һ뵽ߣܶ˶ȴˣ
mѡ˲ţȻǹǳĸߣѵʧʵҲǺģ
ⶫȷûʲô˲ŰʥŮ´˷ѡʵЩʧ߰
ϵԱߣҲ΢΢ҡͷ
һԵĻϵ˵ǿѾԤ֮ˣ
ʤݣҩʹȣһԣ
ϵǱ߲סҡͷ֮ʣһɫӰѾվǱߣ
ֻ˵ģ˸оһɲĸо
ϵ˿ʱһվ




3356  
 


վһ̣ϵҲȻվƺô˱Űɱܶһ㣡
һʤҩʹȵˣڱλ𾳵ĳǿ߸ˣ
Ϊ֮ݵǣʮʥŮȻҲλվ

Ͽ֮ҲĨһ˿â
ϵӣҩʹȵҲǸϽĸϽʥŮ°
ݣûҪ˰ɣ
壬ıѾһЦݿģ
忴Ҳĭĸ⡭ɲҰĵط
ҴӦȻһССҩƨ㲻ϣ
ҩķƲһۣȻ󵭵˵
忴ʥŮºϵ˵ǰ˵ĲȻ䷢ЩԾˣ
Ҳҩʹ½յһˣ
˵ʵЩͻĺܣԱƸΪ
ʵô˵ʵҲǴ´ġ
ʱŵҪɵҩҲûж˼ľҩʹȣ
û뵽˹ؼʱ̣λȻ˵̬ȣ
ʥŮǼֱѼİ
ʮʥŮǻԵ
ʱתͷȥѾ˲ת䣡
ʾ۷壡
ôһˣȻѾʾ۷ĴڣʵЩ㵲ѣ
ϿҲĿȻ㣡
ϣԴһҲЩͷûм˰ɣ
ϣҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
һƺ̫ӭ㣡
ŶϣҿҩʹȵĸҲûеʮ꣬ƺǵҶõɣ
ϣҲǺٺЦһһĲ
㡭ϸҪŭʮʥŮѾվϣ˵ȥĻóȥˮǿɲm˿Ц
m
˼һ̶Ǿ
޵ô
ףʱҲǶһЩȤ
һʵȷǺǿ츳ֱЩˣ
ԭ׻ô츳׿ǿߣڴԺķչźܴʱû뵽һﾹȻǴ֮ˣ
ʥŮµʥŮ£ϴһĶʥŮһĲԶȴҲΪʥŮ¶
ʮʥŮһƺ֮У
ÿһ޷죡
ǰ˶ûа취˵ĳκε覴ã
ŭߣm˲Ҫô˷ҵԵ޵ƺаɣ
ϣͲˣݱΪһ壬οΪʥŮ£Ը޵ţұҩʹȵĸˣӦҲǴ֮˰ɣ
ϣǲ˵
޹Ȼ˲űЩҧгݵ˵
ЦһһĭһڶôȻʥŮ˵һ˭ҪӮӦκһ飬ΪԼİŮȻҲǿԻóȥġ
츳ͲŻϷޣҴޣһһԵҲͬ·ˣֺαأ
ʮʥŮЦһǺã챾ҪҪñ
ҲǿЦ˼ֻҴ޵ĵ̣Ϊ㻹ߵóȥô
ǺǣҪٹֲɣ
ЦһҲĨһ˿ζЦݡ
ô
ϿҲһ̤Ҳǲѣ
ԭֵû뵽龹ȻᷢչĵزһǺ䣡
ʤôСطʲôʱ򿴵˵Ĵô
ٹֻΪˣǶֵĻ¶ҲֲκεĺôοmʥŮ˵ĻѲǶϷ
ϣҲŵЦ
˭˵ĻǶϷȻ˵Ǳõ
ʮʥŮҲǱ̼ˣҪ֪һǴޣ
ʥŮ¡
ЩѵĿʮʥŮȻû뵽ᷢչһ
ԱߵѾǳ׵̱˵ϡ
ʮʥŮüͷ壬סԼ΢΢˫磬Ȼ
񵤣ٹþûˣٹֱӽھҵˣ
¶һ˿ɫСطö֣
ʼɡ
ʮʥŮһε£ֻüͷһֱš˴֣ȻѾǳԤƷΧ




3357  ʥŮ
 

mֵ
˶סЩǱ߾ıݣ
ԭȥЩȴû뵽˾Ȼ˵Ĵͷ
ޣ
֪ȻǷǳĶ࣬ޱǽŴ޵һ֮ޣ
ݷң
˽û뵽޵˾ȻǴޣڹڳϵϷmʥŮ
˵һ裡
ǶʤݣЩ˲ͨͨһӶѡ
ƾҪ޿ܣ
ʮʥŮ˿ҲһƬıΪò֡
ڵԺ֮һֱŵôƣ
ʮʸμӣ
ԭΪھ˲ŵƣڷǱǵ·
Ǵ˿򣬻ܹƴһ
ʵǰᣬȴΪμĴڡ
ڶʤĵطܹһλʮƳ֮˾ѾǺܲˡ
Ҫսʤܣ
ĳ֮˹ȥʮʥŮɫѾѿ˼㣡
ʥŮ£һ֣ǿ¾ûлˡ
ϿҲЩҧгݵ˵
֪ʱǲμӣǶım
ʮʥŮ̾һҲЩεҡҡͷ
Ǵ޵ңǣ
Ϊ޵ٹ֮һ߻ûиֻܼͬˣ
ʮʥŮ֮дһ˿ľ֮ɫ
ΪmʥŮȻĴӦǷֵġ
Ҳ޿ܴӦ
ʱʮʥŮѾĴ㣬˱һ
ûлˣʱҵȱƴҲҪסʥŮ£һȻ˵
ϣⲻƴƴ⣬һʼҵȾûп顣һֱҪѡ˲ţȴû뵽˲ֽ
ʮʥŮҲЩĿϣȷεģ
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3358  Ļ
 

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֣Ҳ̵ֹӣһǧҪ嶯οȥҲ޼£̾ĴڣһʾڵʵȻһ𾳳ڵǿߡ
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3359  ĵҩƷ
 

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3360  Դ޵Ĳм
 

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3361  Ӯˣ£
 

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3362  ûڴ
 

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еҩֱӽҩ֮УĻɫҲһ˿ı仯




3363  ɹ
 

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3364  ϵֱ
 

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µо̾ģϧģмģվŵĳ㲻һܶ˵̬ҲͲһˣ
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ϵ쳹mֵ˿̧ͷ׵ķһۣϣԴ׵֮еõһЩԼҪĴ𰸣
ֻ׿ʼձһ޵Цݣ֮ǰûκε
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3365  Ʒ·
 

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˻һۣһεƮһЩ
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⡭ȻҲƷҩ
ϾһֻһԭΪ䶨һըˣ
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ⶫһ۾ܹóģΪ·ǳϸ壬Բϸ۲ǿģ
ϿĻ˵ĻǴ˴εĲУôʲô
Ļһף
ףֱЦҴ޻ûĵزС֮ĶȾ֮
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Ļһ˿ŵζʵóģû뵽׾ȻܹƳƷ񵤣
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Ļ˿ɫѾǱֱ䣬Ͼǲŵɫ!
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ţԲһСطȻܹƳƷ·ص񵤣
ⲻܣܣĻŭһ
ʮʥŮҲЩȷһοϣһ̼ΪԼˣ
ϿĻЦһĻӣһ䲻ĸоǴ޾ô䲻ô໹Ϊѡ
ţ飡
ĻͻȻʧķһ㣬ֱӴز׺öҩ
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ĻЩΡΡʵʦ⡭⵽ס
ߣ
Ļɫһ䣬һ仰ƺѾǳԼʧܣ

Ļ˵ֵһ̣mֵ˷ڵĺ֮У
ĻȴѾǱϸסˡ




3366  ׵
 

mֵ
ĻɫѾѿ˼㣡
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οǰ֮˻Ǵ޵ţ
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˼һᣬҲЦŵĳֻҪһһƷ

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ĻףƺҪһ㣡
ֻܹ͸أ
ãӦ㣡
Ļԥ֮³˼֣




3367  ջķ
 

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ĿԿס˵Ļôǿɲֹһ˰
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ôһ˿˿ԥĻоԼԺѾǲԼˣ
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ĻɫΪѿȻδܵʲôĲͬԺ֮ѾǳΪһεָ
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⡭⡭֮
ĻеĳӶˣѾһ·ˣ
׵Ĩһ˿Ц⣬һεm֮Уջķᰡ
ܿ죡
׸ĻѾǴӷ֮˳ȥȥ˸֮ǰûκε
ԭĻͽܣ
ҪʱҪܾ׵вĻ̬֮Ҳǽˣ
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ȻҲûѳΪ˵ˣ
˵ʵ
磬Ƶ֮Ҳ΢ӡ
ڻľƵҩ֮⣬Ļǰﲻʲôæ
һʱڣλĻܹΪԼı߲
׳֮󣡣
ʮʥŮ˿ҲǽĿһεĿߣ׷һֹӣɶԱʲôҪ󣿡




3368  ŵʮʥŮ
 

mֵ
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ܹõóֵļƷҲǺܶ࣡
׵һҪ˼ƷȻΪ϶ҪȼƷҪˣ
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Ѫһ̶ʵڱ˵Ҳ޵ġ
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ʮʥŮҲȻһЦǰֹӵȷñĿ࿴ֹӰ˱ǲóһ⣬ñm˿Цô
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мû˵ĲĻʮʥŮĻᷭ֡
Ϊʲô
ΪѪһ˵Ϊ˭ҲԼ֮ΪľѪȡһ׸ˣ
ǻָúҲͰˣָĲǿǻӰڵķչİ
ĻΪʲôͬ⣿
ʵΪ¹Ǹֻһ֮ĻǶԺǰ;ټӰġ
ĻֻǴܹѣ
ȫܵĻӰ죬ͬġ
񣬾ҪҲѾˣ
ڣǹʼʩˣ
ôõĻᣬܹһĿƼ˵Ļڽ׵ķչзǳĺôģ
һλʥŮȨ֮Ѳɲ֪ô
ݸһЦڴmˣ⾫Ѫ־ڱصãʮʥŮԸĻĳǿ󣡡
ʮʥŮԥ˵ûʲôǿǿĻ˵ֵֹĻʮʥŮҲûˡһξѪѣֹ롭
ϵҲЦеĿףǻûʲô뷨
ʮʥŮԣ˼׵ĻʥŮλÿ¾ʹ˽ˣ
ʮʥŮ׳֮ǰ׼õǸ᷿˹ȥ
᷿֮У
ʮʥŮֱӱƳԼڵһξѪԥչʾ׵ĸǰ!
׵üͷһϲҲЦеĽʮʥŮǵξѪס
ܿ죡
ʮʥŮƺҲǷһЩԾĵطȴûκε춯
Ҫ֪֮ǰĻԾʱƴҪѵġ
ʮʥŮȴ˿ûжǱ߸Щʲô
⵹û뵽飡
һɫķڿвϵʮʥŮļϣһεǷǳ˳ͳɹˣ
֮ʮʥŮƺǱߣ
һԲľôף˹ġ
׿ʮʥŮӣҲЦŵˣ
ӻǺֶΣʵû뵽ȻĽǡĻ
ʮʥŮδκεĻ֮ɫѯף
׿ʮʥŮ˵Ը
ʮʥŮĴָʵȻ֪ˣƺûκεĸо
ѪûκεӰ죬һɷģҲǵ˵ȥԺֻҪһվɾͿˣ
㡭ΪʲôҪôʮʥŮףЩʵ
Ƶ˲ͬʮʥŮֳĵʵЩ㵡
׿ʮʥŮĳעҪʹmƲôΪǿԼʵmʵѣ
Ӹmԣûɣ⼸·һΪʲôʮʥŮףĺԽԽ㡣
׿ʮʥŮԶΪĳǴһεػߣ




3369  𾪵ʮʥŮ
 

𾪣
ţ
ʮʥŮףһʯˣ
ͭһ۾׿ҲһĺЦôʮʥŮţ
⡭ôأ
ʮʥŮǲţǸʵ
ػߣ
˵һ̳λһ㣡
Ȩκεطеġ
ػҪնĴ֮ɱҪ㹻ʵܹõ
һ;ԭǳ˾ģ
ܹΪݵͳߣȻҪй֮ġ
ѡػߵʱʵϾҪܶĥѺʹ˲ܹϡ
οһĴ½أ
˵ޣػѾ֪ûѶˡ
Ȼ׼ٽȡѪԼʮʥŮػ߻Ǹо˼飡
ǰ˵ػߣһʮʥŮЩ֪ĸоˣ
Ϊʲôܣ׿ʮʥŮЦеʵ
⡭⹬˲˵ѾԺǴҲػ𣿡
ʮʥŮmһֱĴ澴ηģmĹǵǾһĴڣ
ȻmȨ֪֮٣Ҳ֪ͳ˭
ػߵĻӦƮҡĴһŶˣ
ʮʥŮ֪֮˸ػ֣߳
һػ֣߳ζmҪ컻ˡ
Щ߸Ͽ޵m˵ǲǸǻڶʳһô
ǺǣҲ磡׵˵
⡭ԲܣĳĻm֮ôܸӦأ
ʮʥŮҲûгʶģȻڳΪ׵ˣʵǲ׵Ļ
ȻҲƭʵûκεıҪģ
mǵϴԻǺܳɹİѲۼô׷ʵ
⡭⵹ûУҴ޵֮һӵѡػߵȨİӣҲĻЩ޷š
ʮʥŮףҲֱ˵˵
΢΢ҡͷõʱһƭıҪô
⡭ػߣ
ʮʥŮʱҲǽŽʵ˵ĸһġ
ʱ˼һƭıҪô
׿ʮʥŮЦһбҪһˡ
˵꣡
һʧ᷿֮У
ڣ
Ѿǻ뵱Ҳûκε
ʮʥŮȻҲǿ׳ʲôӵģ
οӵΪ֮ĴڣֻҪϸĵĸһ¾ǿԸܵĳġ
˿̣
ʮʥŮӵʱ˾ȵĺϲ£ˣ
⡭ôߣʮʥŮҲ͡
濴˿ʮʥŮ˵Ӧȥǵ񹬹Ϊһ֮˽ôһҴ޵Ĵأ
ݡݼǰ
ʮʥŮѾǹڶԸղŵףûôġ
滺ĻΣȻɣҲǰѣܶ鲢ǿԾģ
ǰ⡭⹫ػߣʮʥŮһεʵ
ѡӰˡӵʸΪһεmģ
ͷʮʥŮѾ׵ˣô˵Ҳν顣
ʮʥŮȵͣС˵Լǣֻ֮ǰѾҵȸ̽飬Ѱ䣬ԭѾܵĴˣ
յȷй¶һЩ٣ǼһﻹСͷ
ҪΪĻôһֱڲأ
һνѡҲΪʶʵ
ʮʥŮͷػԭһеţ̽ѰʵӦѾǸӦΣ˰ɣǹǸһ´޾ˡ
ףҪСĽˣĿǰʵҪԿmܡοmôûػ֣߳ѾǱm˰ɣ
ԼǣӼػߵݣҲҪʮֵıܣпܴɱ֮ʮʥŮ
浭˵ˣЩԺ˵ɡǳȥ̫ˣʱ򷴶˵ĻɣƺѾˡ




3370  ֮
 

mֵ⣡
һȺѾǽһŮΧм䡣

֮ǰһֱڿĿɿڴһıݣҲǾ㵲ѣ
ԭΪײһЩʵɵ׾Ȼܹʱ׵ľˣ
ֻﲢδ뵽ԼѾǱ֮߱˸ˡ
֮ǰҴ֮߱ߣʵҲס
ĻѾǳĽˡ
ԭΪ뿪˶ʤݣôҲû뵽һȻɱһǹֻˣ
Ŵӱʵߣһûôˣ
üԣֳֽȥɱڡ
֮ǰ޵Ϊľǽץ֡
û뵽Ӳɱһ֪ˣˣ
ѵһʵδ뿪˶ʤݣǰи𱣻ʮʥŮ
û뵽֮ǰȻô飬ǸֵļһҲΪ̵ӡ
ڳΪҪصʱȴһľϲ

ǾȻҲ켣Ⱥ֮У˲һϲüҵĸо
ʮʥŮ׽᷿֮Ժ㿪ʼˣ
￴Լ޿ɱܣҲƲѡ
ų˵ճģ㻹һù
ߣңһжǾȡʥŮڳԹԵ־ܣ㻹ܹ˺
Ҳֻ֪ܲǾҪֵĺˡ
ϾһʥŮٵĵʥŮĻǳҿҲõȥ
˵ˣĿҵ
һȥĻʮʥŮӦǼ֧ԼŶԵģ
Цң˵óڰҲ֧ͳѣmͳɲҴ޵ػ߰ɣ
ʮֵı䣬ôĵӣȻ鹬
䣡
ˣĳֿ׼ݣƺֱҪһ㣡
ͫһҪܣҲ֪Ǳ޿ɱˣ
ټȫmˣߵģ
ԣ
˿׼ղŵһϯʵҲΪԺm׳˵ģ
νķmˣʵϾΪִ֧mͳ
ϵֻԹۣЩǾԲֵܳġ
ο֮£֪˷ǳĶ࣡
ѾǵmĹǼʲômˣļ϶ûϷˣ
ʱǳֵĻа֮ɣ
ԣܶ㣡
ο߱Ҳmִӣһǲġ
ټǶmֱӸԼʥŮĻҲҪǼֱģ
ס֣
ΪԼһαɵʱôҲû뵽ȻʮʥŮֹ˳
ųһĽƽԼǰһ̣ڴڵĴŴ
ʱ
ʮʥŮѾǴ᷿֮˳Ǹ߰ʥģȷη
ಽ
ʮʥŮĶųҲ˵ǱٵҪ˱ٵɣ
ҡ
ҲƲѣĳҲ̫һɣ
ԲܰȥģѲΪʮʥŮȥһѾ֮Ůɣ
ǾԲܵ飡
ʮʥŮ˵챾ٵ°ɡ
ɡ֮ŮҴm档ʥŮôĻʱ֪Ļ¡
ԭΪʮʥŮ϶֧ԼץסѾ֮Ůġ
ôҲû뵽Ȼӵġ
ʮʥŮȻԼ£ǾҪô
ױԼֵ˷ĹͰ
һαߵĻоԼȳʺҪˡ
£ΪѾ֮ץҪץİϿʮʥŮҲǸϽǰȰο
һپ٣һ
ϡϵ˿ɶʮʥŮˣʮʥŮʧƵĻʱǵ³Ҳǿ֪ģ
Ͳ̶
ˣmĲȻǷǳĽˣ
ʮʥŮɫЩѿֻڸ׵Ĺϵǲܹ¶ġ
ΪиҪȥأ
׿ֻǳ΢΢ͷȻһᶨЦݣ
ƵĿףʱˣĪһﻹʲô취ɣ
ղԼİţԼİ
ѲһԼҪһβɣ
ﲻţһ£˸ҾԼ
ⲻҪmȥô
˿̣һƵĿףƺѯһﵽʲô˼




3371  벻ľ
 


ѾһƬǿ׵ĻѾǳ׵ķˣ
˵Щ׵ĻôڵһսĿ࿴
ҲΪˣŻȥΪʲô׶ͷ
˼ȥҲ벻ͨ߱˭ֹܹ
ʮʥŮ
ʮʥŮmڶʥŮ֮ʵƫһλ
ĻҲʮλ
ʵνʥŮУǰʵеġ
Ȼ˵ЩʥŮԾֿʵġ
Ҳ˵ʮʥŮǷԼmһضˣ
˵ף
ĸҵھԼô
ңҲôġ
ѲɾΪǻϵͽܣԼǻϻеŮô
ⲻܣҲʵ
װ飬˭ֻȥأ
οĳԼľܹȳɹô
˶ˣǻ̲أ
˿̣
ʮʥŮɫÿƺЩҪͼͼûչ¶ѾǱɱҡ֮ˣ
ϵ˵ĳҲȷģֻǸղʮʥŮһЩʣǲ֪ѣ
ʮʥŮҲЦŵʥŮ£Ƿm֮ˣ˿ʱҪ߸mĴڣǷĻ
ߣҪڽʱץסôôҲδްɣ㻹Ǿ鰡
ʮʥŮʾ֭֮Ҳ˵ôһͷĻ
ʥŮٵɣֱӽŮȥˡǶֵĻɲҪ಻ˡ
⡭ðɣ
ʵҲľͺǣοıû֧ô
ܹ߱ķˮǳҲĲ
ܲ£ȻǲԸλʥŮµġ
mϵҲԸΪһȥʮʥŮһϵ֮ˣ
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ˣ
һԵ߱µȥɣ
ʵҲˣ֮ǰһʮʥŮס
ȻЦ
һĪϷˣԼɣ
￴׵ģЩðɵ뵽Լ֮ǰΪһҪԼأڿһǳԼأ
ֻôΪʱȴһԼЩŵ飡
ţ
ʱȻ˳
m˾ȻҪִm飿
￴˳һЩˣ
֪Ҫʲô
̬ʮֵĲٹ£
£
ųһ߸ϵģ
ǸղΣ
˵ףݰǱأ˭Ķأ
һЦٹǴmٹҴޣǱǹ͡ĳκܹæĵط뾡ܿڡ
ģ
ʮʥŮųĵģҲǲмһ
Ӳ׸ƣ
Ĳʲôö
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ʵϣ
ҲǸոսյ׵ָָֻԼЩЦã
Լλ˾ȻԼǰĹ
ⷴmô֪أ
˵һһıǴm
һѾ֮ǴҲǴmһΪ
˵òһ㣬Ǵmڲ飬mǲֵĻɾ˺ĸо
ֲɵȻ֪еϵ
ȻmԴmҲǻ񣬵ҪĳһmĻѶǷǳ֮
ΪݣΪ֮ƣ
mĶˣʱȴmmĲˣ϶˻ժӵģ
ҲΪʲômЩƮҡĿǰû˸ֵԭ
Ҳûʲô취
Ѿ̶ˣֻܹˡ
ټϴmҲҸǴmΣȥ֮Ҳǲý͵ģ
üҪʲô
һԵʮʥŮѾϵˣ
ΪһʼѹûԼ־˵ʲô˵ѾжԲˣ
ʮʥŮתһ֪׵뷨
ЦݣʮʥŮҲĨһ˿ײЦ⡣
ٹ롭
һδ޳ĲٹˣǼƷ
ŭĿԲһ˵һƣ
δް
ôǳĴ
һʱ䣬mֵըˡ




3372  ĳ
 

mֵڣ
ɫѾѿ˼㣡
ΪһΪܳĴ֮һӵ̫̫Ľ
ҲΪmΪִ֮һ
߱ĵλҲԽԽߣһпȥǿׯһ֮
ԭ׼ʱ켫һʱңһĶ
˵δﵱҲ˾֪ġ
ֻΪ֮˷ֱľ棡
ԼòˣҲҪõ
Դ֪ӵϢ֮󣬳һıҪ׷ɱ
жôϲδޣԲܹ޸ˣ
޸κһˣǶ˵һ֮ˣ
Ψһ
ǳﶨõһ֣
֮ǰڶʤ⣬Ѿǲһɱһ֮˾ˣ
óʮֵŭmֵһεĿһλᰡ
ʮʥŮҲӲͷƤҪߣ
ۿͿҪɹʱôҲû뵽·Ȼɱһҧ
óоߵǣѹûнԼУ
ƵĿ⣬˫ȭ߬¶
Ѿǵ˱ߵıԵˣ
˲Ǵκһ˵Ļ¶Ѿǳˣ
ڵǣ֮˾ȻǴmٹ
λóһЩѵľ棡
ٹʲô˼
ݺݵĶѾЩƲסԼˡ
Ϊһˣ˭ĻҲܲ˵ģ
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ŶҪ֣ٹ㵽ף
Цһ۶˭ɣ
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ͳȻͬΪʾ۷ǿߣҪȳǿٵģ
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ֻ֮еڴ֮ɫҲԱģ
ôĵӣʥŮҲܹҵô
ϿųģҲŭһ
ϣ˵m֮Ҵ˷ȷӦóͽ䣡ֻŮӺϣһ㱾ΪҲ顣
ʮʥŮһתų˵
ɡҴmطҧгݵ˵
طһССmٹĸҪѲӽˮ˲ɣôһ鶼벻ף£
ʮʥŮһƺٸκεĻᣡ
֮Ĩһ˿ɱ⣬ʮʥŮһʥŮӢ³ĳȻҪˣǣ
һ߱뿪mֵֻߵʱʮֵǱ
ʱЩû뵽ԼȻһε˳ħצ
Ȼ¸κεĹϵȴʼվʲôԾĵط
ʮʥŮٵУƺҲûκνȥıҪˣ
׵ȼǱߣ֮˼ȫߡ
Ҳʱ뿪ߡ
˿ʮʥŮǴ׵˽mֵڲ




3373  ֮Ĺ
 

mֵ´
׵վŵ֣̺֣ϣйĮһԶŮ
֣̺֣ϿʮʥŮҲЩŲѣ
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Ӽһһεĸ𺳵ľϲ̫ˣ
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ڹĮĶŮ˵֪ѾǱ׳׵ĸ߸ˣ
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ʮʥŮʱ֣̣λ֣ҵĵϵС㾹ȻߣҲЩ㱵ĸо
˵֮ǰ̵֣ĻʮʥŮȻǱԼǣ
ѾǳΪ׵ˣԴߵȻȻһֿĸо
֣ҲʮʥŮ֮Ϊ˺̡
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һԵ΢΢һЦû뵽ⶫʤݾȻܹ֣ҵˣҲһԵˡ
ֹǱľҲΪֹҲˡ
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ϲмһ˵ʱ׵һϯ֮±Ƶ
ⲻڿЦô
Ҫ֪ĿǰʵȻ˵˵Ļ
ϵ˾һֱſڿһ㣡




3374  еȦ
 

˻棿
ϵһȻĿףǸоһԽԽˣ
ʲô˵óڰ
սʤأ
ΪϼҩʦϵȻ֪ͨһЩֶߴʾ۷뵽쳣ѵ飡
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ӵ𵤣ҪɹҲǷǳѵģ
ϵ˶Ǿʾ𾳵ʹģ˵Ҳֻ˶ˣ
ܶʾǿߣǵξֱϢˣ
ΪǶڳûκεģ
Ҫ֪ʾĲϣҲǳĺ֡
Ҫٳ߸ͷһǾҪˣ
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ʮʥŮʱףҲ𾪲ѣ
ʵ˵ѾˣֻҪԼʲôҪɡ
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һʮʥŮʥŮҲ˰ɣ
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׵Ҳν˵˳ܹ£һˣ˵ʵҲǴǵģ
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Ͽף˵ֹӣȻ˵ˣҲֱԲˡĿõ𾳵ʵҵԺֹӵǲԹԣ

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ĮѾǸо׵ĻˣΪʮʥŮ׵Ĺϵƺһ㣡
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˵꣡
ױʮʥŮһεĽ᷿֮С




3375  ֮
 

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תͷһߣѾǳʮʥŮĸǰ
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Ҫ֪ǵĲ綼ûʸ񣬸˵ʲôˣ
ݸһЦô˵ɣһӵŻһЩԴһ˿֮ԭͨһʮʥŮȷأûκεİ취ǲһ˿Ļ֮ǽͲһˡ
졭֮⡭ôܣľ𾪵Ŀס
ЦŵʵҲû̫ףԣ֮ġʧˣʮʥŮ˵Ҳûκεʧֻӿ𾳵Ľ̡
Ҳһ㣬֮þƽ˳ܶ࣬һβɹôһεĸֻӲ١ЦŵͻƲɹ³
ߣʮʥŮ֮˸һľ⡣
һԵĻľһֱҡͷ⡭ⲻܰɣֱ̫˼ˡ
Цŵ֮ǿΪأ
棬ǾͿʼɣ
ҲûκεԥֱӶѯʵ




3376  ʥŮͻƣϣ
 

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Щȥ֮֮ǰɫҪ̫̫ˡ
磡
ʵҲǲϵľͻָټﱾʮֳԣٶȻɽ粻ͬնˡ
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ɽʶˣǻһͬģֹֻʵ̫ˡȻ粻ѾˣʵҺղѰ
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ԭˣľ΢΢һЦôͶ϶һɹأ
Ϊʥϴδҵʧ
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ʥϣǣһ￴ǰɽ絹ҲͦţﰡľЦŵҲǴɽ
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ÿĿҵɽȻ˸˳ƺľЩ֮ԱǵĲм
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ľҲǴɽģѾɽһ˭ôƺ
οʲôһˣֱäĿ
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ͻƵף
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ʮʥŮ֮ʱͻƺҲǱˮˣ
ΨһҪıʮʥŮܷͻƳɹˣ
ԭļ˴ʱҲǽĶ׵ķ˹ȥ




3377  ʥŮͻƣ£
 

飡
ﱬѵһഫ
ʱʮʥŮȥ쳣ʹ࣬ǿͻƵȷЩԲ
˵ˣˮɵͻƣʵҲǷǳѵģ
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ҧģһܳŵס
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ʮʥŮһ£̵ͷһġ
ľźһԵᰡ㻹˵СӻǺб°ԭΪСһѺء
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Ҳ΢΢һЦʮʥŮɹͻƵҲû˵ĸ
ò˵СܹΪػ߻ԭİ֮û뵽һ˵棬û𵤵£ֱӾͿʾ۷֮ͻ𾳣ͳһ㣬ԺСǺߵĴڰ
ľεףҲΪ˵
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3378  ˳ͻƵ
 

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һԵͷȷܹȳΪ𾳣ʥŮԺķչġֻʮʥŮոͻƣҪһʱ乮̡
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΢΢һЦʱ䣬ҲҪͻһ£ܲն񣡡
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ԭƽˮ֮һҲǱ÷
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֮УȿѰ֮˿»ǼԦס
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գ
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ŭһﳹ׵ѿ˿̴Ż֮ٵӿ뵽ĵ֮У
ɰڴһ٣
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ͻˣ
ʾڣ
ǧĿһ¶˲õЦݡ




3379  ʮʥŮ
 

ڣ
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һͻƱ֮ԼҪ죬Ǿ˺֮ģ׿˵൱Ĵڣ
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˿Ҳǻָ˾ǧʱҵı仯ҲǺԵģ
ҲѾǴﵽʾ۷ĲΣ
ֻҪ𾳣ڱ˵ȷЩѡ
ΪһҪ𾳣ǿصġ
һԵɽڻľϵİ£ҲǴ񽫾ڴﵽڵĲΣ
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ʮʥŮھǧ֮𾳳ҲѾǳ׵Ĺ
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죬Ҳû˵ʲô
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ĪţûϢõϢ
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֣СԼǣǽȥ֮ƻʥŮµͻƣ˭ܹأ
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Ҫ֪Ǿϵͻƣʮϰ궼Ƿǳġ
һʱ䣿
˵ϵ˾ʥŮҪͻƵĻҪʮϵʱ䣡
Ѿ˳սһ׼ˣ
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ʥŮûȻǺ£ûͻƶ˵Ҳʲô¡
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֣̿Żϵϣûпô¶أҾ;ֹӿ϶У
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̾һһʱ䣬ɹĸʵȷǷǳС֣СҲӦ֪ǴͻƵʾҪ굽ʮʱ䣬⡭
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һԵ֣קק̵֣С㣬˵ĵȷûġ
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᷿һ̱ˣ
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ϵһ仰Χ۵ĹĮ֣ϵҲǳ׵ķˣ
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3380  ʮʥŮ۷
 

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Ϊͬ𾳳ڵ˵ʮʥŮı仯ȻǸܵһˣ
֮ǰʮʥŮʱһ۱ܹʥŮµʵ
أ
֪ʮʥŮͻƵ𾳳ڣĻ޿ܳ
ԣľҲ֮е飡
ֻϸոտһԵϺͻѾǳ׵ļ
𾳳ڣ
˵һĺϢ
ֻҪʮʥŮΪ𾳣m֮еĵλͻᶸȻ
ʱʮʥŮʵǸӵǿ
m֮У
˭ҪȨƣ˭ҪסԼһĶֵء
ʮʥŮʵⲻǱǵʵõ
ʮʥŮ˿˵һлӦøлֹӵְ
ʵҲĳĹֻͣĳżȻõһö𵤶ѡȻˣ֮ǰĳһֱǵҩ𵤣û뵽Ȼġ
׿ʮʥŮҲһ˵
ơ𵤣
һ˹ӵĸоһ𵤹ֲôŰ
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һԵϵҲǻȻԭֹӾȻӵ֮̾
ۺЦһֹӶʥŮµһƬģ¿ɼԺǾһӪˣ
ʮʥŮŻϵЦŵ֮ǰǿǸֹӶġ
ԼǣԺҵȶȻԵºֹհ
ҲԸķ䣬ʮʥŮͻƣʵκ˶Ҫ˵ġ
Ҫ֪ʮʥŮҲһ쿴ųģΪǿߣһԼŮгϢĸо
Į˴ʱѾǳ׵Ļˣ
ڸʮʥŮѾǹϵˣټ֮ǰǿƵı֡
ĹĮоԼ׵ǰôСˣ

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ÿһζˣÿһζûʧ
ڵ˺֣̼Ǿûʲôϣ£ȻȻȻѡܹɹ
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ʵϣʮʥŮѾǹ˽ǧʱ䣬ڵʵѾǳԽϵĴˣ
⵶֮ĹʲôطĪڶʤݣЩüʵ
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ʮʥŮͷֹԼǣĳǿߣǿɶǴ޵Ĺ屦ǵıؿǼֵǵĴڡ
ߣֻϧ⽣͵һʶʱ⽣ҲǴ޽˰
һȻվͬһӪ֮С
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Ҳǿһ£ʵ˼ѾƮԼʦϡ
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ʮʥŮ֪׵ʦǽҲǼ֮Ĺʵڶʤݣڶ򣡣
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һԵղֹԣʵΪ˶Ŀ֮ĹɲʥŮһҪõʵ⵶֮ĹѾǱܶˡ˷ʤݣӦвٵ˶ŵ¡
ǰ֮Ĺıʤ˭ܹõ֮ĹıأܹõĴеĻʵȻֹһأʮʥŮ
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ʮʥŮЦŵҲżȻ֮ϢӦѾйܳȥˣһ·ϱҲǸоһֱšԣ˷ǻǵСĽΪá
⵶֮Ĺʲôطأ׿ʮʥŮʵ
񽣷壡
ʮʥŮףҲ
񽣷壿ǡǲǽڵΧ֮⡭⵶ôὫԼĹѡ˽ڵĵϣ
֣ʮʥŮĻҲЩɲʵ


һеô£
ʮʥŮԼҲûа취ˣߣȴЩԾԾ
ΪҪԼʦˡ




3381  ֮
 

ʮʥŮ뿪mֵ
ʵϣҲ׵˼
ϵȻԸһȥ֮Ĺˡ
Ȼ׶ʮʥŮżİԵ˽ˡ
׽Լ׳ϵ˿ҲӦõġ
Ȼϵ˶им֮飬ҲǸмѡ
Ҫףϵ˿һЦѡ
֪ʮʥŮҲѾǳΪ׵ˡ
mֵ
׿ʮʥŮȥ֮һ˵Ҳǳķ˹
ʱĹĮǾǹмӡ
ЦŵԺҩɣˣҲˣ
Ǻǣ˵Цˣĳ־ڴˡҩԺĳĵڶˣ
˹Į󣬶˵һССҩȻĿꡣ
ҩҲΪ˽ӽʮʥŮѡ
˵
ԼҲû뵽mֵȻᷢô顣
һζ˵׬貧ӯˡ
ĻʮʥŮ
˳ΪˣԺķչŰһġ
̴֣˿̿ףҲĴָֹӣ̲ò˵һ䣬
׿֣̣ҲǹһЦ̹ˣлĻپ۰ɣ
ֹҪȥʲôط֣̿ףҲǲʵ
׿֣̣ĳȥҪҪ죬δЩȽϵУпܻǣ֣ңĳΪ̹ﻹȻ򣬷鷳ɾͲˡ
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ҪԼʦ̸ף
ɲǶʤݣȻ򣬿ҲǸƵĵط
֣ȻʵҲǲѡ
֣֮ҪǿǼҲвٵġ
Ƕʵϱ֣֮ǿҲһЩġ
̵֣ʵЩ⣬ŵı֣ң׾ǲҪ͵ĺá
οԼʦ˺ͷm˶ǣ塣
һǱ֣ǿأ
mȱȣǲëëѣ
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һԵ֣ϿЦһС㣬Ϊֹ֮ǲ򾲺ֹӵļ
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ǡǺðɡ
֣Ȼ˵ĻټһȷǵҲЩˡ
ʤݵȷǲʲôǶͶʤĲһˡ
Ȼ˵ĻǺ̹һ·ˡ׹ֵշ
֡ף㡭һҪСİ
֣̿ף֮г˵֮ɫ
˵ģͳһmֵ飬;̫嶯
ȻԲĽˣӲô죿
ŨŨĲ֮ټǵ֮ɫ̴֣˿̿ȥһ˵档
ȻǸܵõֻûжŮ鳤˼
˷磬ȻչҲǱȽϵ٣ȴҪһЩ
׹ֵİɣҪˣûء
ͣ
֣̱׵ĻˣЦһȻóһöݸ׵㣡
С㡭
֣Ͽ̵֣ݳȥ壬۾ֱˣ
ö֣ҵϵݵ֣Ҳҵ֮ǿɶӵ֧Ȩģ
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ԼС㽫ԼݵĶףҲһľ
׿֣е壬ҲЦŵ̹˺񰮣ĳЩˡ
ö֣ҼҲ֣޷ĵ̣ȥʶ˵Ļ϶ǿ԰ġ޷ȻʵܲˣϢԴҲǿԵġ
֣̿ףһεĶ
ԭ׻ǲ֣̫ܣĻԥˣ
Լȷǲʶʲôˣ
οһԼǰһֵĻҲһ顣
Ȼ˵Ļĳˡ
׵Ҳû̫ԼС
֣̿£ҲЦһ֣֮ҲЩĲ鲻Ը뿪˶ʤݡ
˿̣
׶һ̤ǰ;




3382  ӥС
 

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׶һ̤ǰ̣ʱȥһͨɢһ㣡
򣡣
ѾõĵطҲǳһ˿ڴС
ֻǴȥ·;ңԶҲǲĳŶķ
һ·ϣ
׵һЩɽˮ£ôãĻûкúõ컷ء
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һ·Ȼʶ̫Ĵɱɱδκεͣ
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ιֵܡ
ڲԶһϪԱ߻֮ʣһɤһݵ
תͷȥһԼķ
ʶܿ˿Χûˡ
ң׿ǰ֮ЦеģҲǲȷʵ
׻˵úãֻЦء
ţֵһˣ
λӿȥЩ֮ôʲô֮أ
˵ʵҲѾǴﵽڵʵ
Ȼ׵Уʵһ㡣
ɶ˵Դ˵ʹﵽˮ׼Ѿ൱Ĳˡ
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ҪµĻһ·ϵ¿ǹܶܲġ
ҪҪģΪ֦
ֵܣӥСӵĸӳԬ𣡣
ԬףҲҽܵ
ӥСӣЩƣҲ֪νСǸʲôġ
ʵɽҲûʲô̫
֮ǰ޷ʱҲ˵ŶӵǸʲôġ
Ϊ˻ȡԴרŲɱȡʯĲϵġ
һʼûְҵö֮ŶҲǷչΪ˹ģ
ͷȻҩʦʦȳǿĹᡣ
ԹƺҲеλġ
磬ЩСӡжӡŶӦĵȼֵġ
νСӣӦþǹģС֡
ģӴţҪСӽΪţǼǲ̫ܵġ
СӣʵϾΪĴڡ
˵νСҪκεʣֻҪȥԹҸȻעһ¾ˡ
ԬףٺһЦֵܣӥСˣȤ
ˣûȤ
׿һԬûκεȤ
˵СˣˣҲûκεȤġ
鰡ֵܣҿƺҲǹһ˰ɣԬЩ
׵һЦһôˣһǶϰˡ
ֵܣӥСǿ˲żüðҪǸǣԺǿɾǳĺ˰ֻӥСӻһ˾ˡ
Ԭ˵˵һҲЩЦԷǵɡ
һǰһ̻Լ˵ҪĺģһСӳʸ񶼻ûء
ԹĹ涨СҲˣ
Ҳ˵һĿǰԼһҲĸˣ
ݸһЦ˶ղ˵Ҹǳĺģ
ֵܣģӥСǸ˲ŰҡһŮŶ
Ԭ˵ĿһףҲǼƤһء
ЦŵԬ֣һҪ·أ
ԬֵܣǼѿɶǿأôһӰɣɣһջһΣ
һңôǰֵܽ׷ʵ
ԬЩεĿ׵Ǵʮˣһ˶Ը롣
㶼֪ʲôʵ͵ϸһεʵ
ԬһףҲ΢΢ҡͷǺðɣȻֵʵǲ룬ǡǾˡ
ʹ˱
׹֣ʵǲԸ˾̫ࡣ
Ԭ֮Ĩһ˿ĻҰ֮ɫȥʧ֮֮ǰЦģγĶԱȡ
ʧģԬҲǳͬķ˹ȥ
ʵϣ
ײδ뿪ԭΪһĹԼӦʲôεĿġ
ټѾǵ˶ΧҲǺż
ԣ
͸ŹȥǸʲô
磬ʧ𣿡
ԬߵǼ˵м䣬һʮŮԬ֮¶ıڴ֮ɫ
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ǸŮ˿Ԭ̾һʮ޾͵ˣȡħڵ״˵Ĳûˡ
Ԭ֮Ĩһ˿ļᶨҲȡħڵħжӣ
ɡħСӵûдء
Ԭ۰Ͱ͵ĿԬ֮ɫ
ȡ
ڴʱһĿԣҲǴԶ˳
Ԭ߳ϴһ˿Ŀϲ֮ɫ




3383  Ԭ
 

Χĳأ
ԭǴֱȥģԬ۷˻
Ȼһβ׵ĶԻȴǰ֮Ӧһйµˡ
ТΪȣ
һֱѭԭҲԬĻȿʲô
ֵܣ㡭ô
Ԭ׵ĳ֣ҲһĻϲ
˵ʵһɵ
׿Ԭһıʶȥ·ô
ʶʶǿܵùܻضء
Ԭ׵Ļԭ˷ܵһʧˡ
׼˼һµȻĻǿֻеǼˣղ˵ҪҸʲôţ
Ԭһһ㶣漴һεĸֳһĨЦݵֵܣӭӥСӣ
ӭӭ
һԵҲǳ΢Ц
ҽף
ԬӥСӶӳҲáԬָָһԵԬЦŵ
ţ
ԬλλǻХ
Ǻã׳ż΢΢ͷСӦþͿ˰ɣ
˿ˡԬ𼤶˵֣ǽҪһƱģֻҪǸɳԺĺǿɾ׵˰
Ʊģ
ױ죬ЩʵǿĵȷԬ𣬶Ԭ
ɾԬʵҲڶѡ
ʵһڵޣǻϾͿˡ
ݣԬһȻԼҪһƱģ
ֲñԸ룬ʵƱĻϾ³ˡ
ԬףҲǳֵܣȷ֮ǰҲø˵һһεĿ꣬ԸĻͼ룬ʵڲԸĻǾˣ
Ԭ䣬һԵļҲǽĿס
΢΢ͷϴ
ԬһһǵĿħ
ħ֪ħӦڵްɣ׿Ԭʵ
ǡǵġԬͷδס
ο׼Ȼ֪޵ʵҪҲǲܵ顣
ݸһЦλΪԼʵԿڵޣȻΪ
Ȼֹ֪ǵҲ޻˵ħȻǿһǷһֻ˵ħʵӦ˺ܶ࣬ǲš
Ԭףһε˵
˵СӸոճӦòĿôɣ׿ԬҲüʵ
ֹӣǲѵĿԡԬԼҲǶǵĻش
ܸ˵˵ôʼռȨ
Ԭ׵֣ô飬Ըǻӭ㲻ԸҲԹ㡣ϾпǶ飬ԭҡпԣǡ
磬ʵ˵Ҳ޷ֹǵôأԬ
Ԭδ֮ʣ
ӰǵԱߣΪ֮һϮ£ȥҲǷΡ
ɵĺܰ
Ϊ׵İ꿴ԬҲĨһ˿Ц
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ԬŶǸӣһɱҲɢ˿
ң
׿Ԭӣ֪⼸˶ȻˮݵĴڡ
ֶǰԬⲻǼҪΪжжӳԬС
˵꣬һҲһŪ
ǶŴҸףһᱨģ
ԬȻŶȻʵѾǴﵽڣ
ߣƾٸǣǸ¼ĸ׽¸淢ԹᣬΪܻôǶôҲǵˣʮжӣȥɣ
ԬҲĨһ˿Ĳм
ԬŭһбھɱǣĻ
ôǱٿǣڶ̶ʮʱΪжӣǲҪɱֻ˵ħ𣿹ǿʲô
Цһ漴һֻħʬѾǳԬߡ
Ԭħʬ壬ҲɫҰףһЩ֪롣
Ц˼֮ʮ֮󣬱ٵҪʲôԹȥǿϵߡ
ȥģԬúһԵҲҧԼĸ
ֻһ̣Ǹǻɥ
üͷȥıӰȻ俪ڵħˣô




3384  ׵
 

㡭˵ʲô
ԬԬ𼸺ͬʱתͷףǵ֮д֮ɫ
ֻ˵ħǷѾ˼ҵġ
ּޣǶԬ˵޵һĴڡ
Ϊ֮ǰħ˵ĻڼѾǷˡ
նɱħӣһʵѾ뵽˾֮У
׿Ԭ˵ѲɷҪħڵô޵ڵͲУ
ֹӣ˵ס޵ڵǿɲʲôСڵܹİҪõһö޵ڵ̫ˣ
ԬףҲ΢΢ҡͷ
һԵԬҲǿЦһֵܣ֮ǰǵȷҪȥһ˵ħģħصǼһնɱˣǾûϣˡ
ղ죬ƺǼһͷ׿Ԭʵ
ղǱǿ׳ļһǶŵųԬ֮ҲĨһ˿Ĳ֮ɫ
ԬҲǵͷʵԭǸǶŸûκεĽΪ״˵顭
ǵĸôˣ׿Ԭʵ
ԬŭһǱŵ˸ˣǸϡ
ʵΪǲʵǿᣬȻлȨˣղ˵ӣƺ鰡
׿ԬãҲǲʵ
Ԭͷֹӣ˵ŴҸ״ˣ״ƷǳأⶫԹһλҩʦҽʮֵĸĸ״ȥλҩʦҩʦȴͶŵ˹ϵʮֲǳһ⡭
ʮ֮õ޵ڵüʵ
ɣǵ˼齨һµСӣȻжӣ
Ԭף֮ҲȵĻ档
ʮʱ䣿Ϊ˰Ҳǵͷ
ԬһֹΪѰֵҸ˵ʵͲҸףֻĸȥԹᣬǲѲġĻͶˡ
Ԭͷһֱǣ˵Ƕǻǲĵģǲ䣡
ϧħϢĿҵֻħĻ˵лᰡ
Ԭϳ˿ϧ֮ɫһ뵽ղӣҲġ
Ԭ̾һһΨһĻᶼû˰
׿źԬԬҲЦŵʵҵǾһЩᣬֻ֪ǸҲˡ
Ϊ˸״ˣҲԸģ
Ԭף֮ҲǴһ˿ڴ֮ɫ
һԵԬףüֵܣɱڲǰǵʵҲѣ޵Ķ֣˵ʲôأ
ԬҲǵɴӿףҪһﵽʲô취
ԴҲ벻ͨģ
׿ԬãʵӣȻûʵõ޵ڵֻܽˡ
ʲô˼
Ԭ֮гʺţʲô˼أ
ԬҲЩĿףеʵ˵֣ͱ˰ˣԺԬ㵱ţҲĸԸİ
Ҳǣ
ԬҲǺݺݵĵͷ˿̿Ҳǳڴ֮ɫ
׿ԬԬЦһʵܼ򵥣ǾѰұɱޡ
ɱޣԬüʵ
Ųɱǻȡڵһַʵ֮Ҳе֮ǵ㹻õĻĻɱҲ˵أ
׿ԬǼڴҲЦе˵
֣㡭㲻ǿЦɣԬʿˮʵ˵ģܹɱ޵ģǵǶôްóȻЩ޵ĵ̣ʱʣ°
ڻиõİ취𣿡Цŷʵ
磬ҵǾֹ֮ΨһĻˡԬԬҲǵ
ЦŵʵҲô˶ȥһ˹ȥˣ˭һ𰡣
ֹӣĺˣԭõ顣ղȥðԬףҲǳм˵
Цŵǵʵ֮ĳҪһЩĳȥĻٿԱⲻٵΣա
磬ҾǻֹӵİɣɣҸֹǰȥͻХߵš
ԬԬҲǳ
ǣҪȥҲǸȥʲô尡ԬԬ̵
˸磬Ƕӳôˡʮ컹δǾ뿪ɡ
Ԭ˵꣬׾ͳķ򼲳۶ȥ
׺ԬıӰԬ֮Ҳǳ˵֮ɫ




3385  ġ
 

Χĳ
׸Ԭ֮УóԬʮֵĽš
ʵ׳Ǵ
Ҳ֪һӦǾһľ棬ʱԬףǳ˸м֮ġ
δı棡
˼Ҿܹʲô壿
ֹӣлл㣡
Ԭ׵ĺ棬Ҳ
תͷԬû£Сһ׮ǰƺЩǹȥ
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һεǰʮأܿ죬ԬԼһЩ
ֹӣǰԶڲɱޣǻƿɡ
ԬǰĴжʲô
ЦŵΪʲôҪƿȥʲô˵ɡ
ԬҪ˵ѾǳǸˣҲЩεĸȥ
Զ֮䣬ʵһĵĹصġ
Ǳǲ⿿ԵĶ飬Ļпܾͻᱻ϶ǹٵġ
ʱһͻǿɾǵˣ
ԬȻԶ飬ĸ׿һˣ
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Ѿĳһɽ֮ϣǱÿԿ·ǰΧɱһͷޣ
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Хɽ֣
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һսܸ߰Ҳ̾ѵ
Ԭħ֮ҲһĨ֮ɫܿ̾һֻϧǵʵ̫ˣҪĻħлˡ
׵ͷȷʵҲǿԵġӦܹնɱħ
ֹӣǻǸϽ߰ɣҪǱǷֵĻҲ߲ˣ
ԬףҲһѵ
׵˵ԬκһεĻᶼҪŹлֵĻǻڣǱġʱͲҪٽʲôˡ
Ԭ׵ĻҲĵͷ
ˣ
׿һ֮Ҳ¶һ˿Цݡ
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Ƿ¶⣬ǰֻǴϢĻѾǳԽһˡ
ЦһʵǿĺܣһıղĳҲ֮зǱŻڿ˵Ǻܺð
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ԬҲĭֻһᣬ෴ǾпԨ
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ǰ˿ͻȻֵıһҲɫء
һħѾǼΪѲڼһǿıĻûˣ

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ǱƺҲûκεȤ⵹Щ⡣
ԬȳҲǾ㵲ѣ
Ҫ֪޿ǼǸϾɱֻ֣ıȴ·ǰ˸ûκεȤ
Ԭ㵲֮ʣԾˣ
ȻѾǿ֮ĩħˣ
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ԬоĳȵǣǱնɱħ֮󣬾Ȼֱﳤȥ
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һ׵ĸǰʱҲ˷ܵЦݣ
̤Ьٴȫѹ򰡣
ȻԬ֮Ҳһ˿ɻ󣬱Ͼʵ̫һЩ
˷֮Ҳûȥôˡ
ֻԬ֪һмԵݵĽ
ףΪԼôĺô




3386  Ԭ
 

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ֻԬǻХǶ׺Ԭɱ޶û̫
ɵǿոսȥûа칦׺ԬһεĻʱҲЩ㵲ѣ
ǣ㡭Ƕˣ
ԬԼҲһ
ԬԬҲĵͷţˡ
ûµģʵҲ֪ѶȺܴһǷǳΣգܹѾǷǳĲˡԬ
һԵҲǵǽ㣬Ԭ˵ĶԣʲôĻǵʱԬҲġҿǻİ취ɡ
ˣԬҡҡͷǳɹˣ
ʲʲôɹˣʲôɹˣ
ԬԭҪοԬģɵԼõĻ֮Ҳסˡ
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ްôõĻ˶ȥɱˣ
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һȷǺõĺܣѾõħڵˣڵħġ
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ݸһЦǾ֮Ͷѣĳֻǿ֮ǰЩ˶ѡʲôСӾûбҪˣ
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ҡҡͷ̸Щǻȥ˵ɣĳǴ˵֮ˣӦҲܳڶ򡣡
ԭֲǶ֮˰Ȼ˶Ӧþһ֮갡ȥ˶ȥիԶٺõġ
ԬףҲҧҧ
磬իǿǡ
Ԭһի⼸ֵʱҲɫһ䡣
׵Цŵһ־гԷ˱лԬ˰
ûû⣡
Ԭ˵֮ƺҲЩڣ
իǶķ֮һԬղҲһ¡
û뵽Ӧô죬Ҫ֪һ±˶Եһµġ
ԬԼģҲû˵磬ͳܰɣ
һٷ˼ֿǰǻħǾҸһǳԶٷѣԲġ
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ǻȻضɣʱпܳʲôġֹӣΪΣ
Ԭļͣѯ׵
׿ԬҲǵͷȥɣⶫĳҲǵһλ·
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Ԭ𲢲֪ʵǰĲĳ
һ˳Ŷķˣ״ʱҲǶԶ֮޾ڴ֮ɫ




3387  ի
 

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ⶫǿǺ켫һʱĴڡ
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Ҫ֪ĶǳĵͽȳǿߵĴڡ
ֻڵ䣬Ҳ˱
ʹԭĶģ˵Ҳ겻ѵġ
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ⶫǿĶ򣬲ʲô˶ܹڶġ
״УĿҲǷǳȷǾǾȳԼʦŷұӡ
Լʦ𵽵Ǹʲôǲ̫ġ
ԬᣬǾԼⶫ켣һʱҲʧΪһܺõѡ
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׺Ԭʱǵĵһվի
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һԵԬһԬȻ׵ֹӣҪҪȻǵɣ
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ǻûիƷһʳ˵իĶжôİˡ
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Ȼ֪˵ʲôǾͲҪ˵ˣǼ˸ҺúõİⷹˣǾǶء
׿ԬҲ΢΢һЦ
ȻôĽţԿóǵ֮Ҳһ˿ڴ֮ɫ
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һʱʯûдĻǲ֪ôźˣ
ڴʱ
ԭǵȴһǷŭѵˣ

ԬԬôҲû뵽ԩ·խĺܣ
ͳԷĹ򣬾ȻҲİˣ




3388  ЫŮƹ
 

իڣ
֮ǰԬӥСһʱ֮ҲǾľͻˣ
ղ룬ǻҪѰޣ
ҲǾøǸٶˣǸ˵ĻĲᷢһֻ˵ħ
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3389  ǿӲ
 

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ȻҲ֪ô׬ȡʯһֺǰλˡ
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ףȭͷѾǳ׵֮ɱȥ
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ǿպĳ֮һ




3390  ӥСӵϲ
 

˵ųĹϵڿ˰
ǲǶڵĳϷǶڵĳ˰
ֵСӿҪùˣǶڵ˵ĻһͲˣ
իܹôãȻԭİ
իڣ
ԭܶɻ˿λŶڷεߣҲһֻȻĸо
˶ǶˣȻⶫСϢָˡ
οիǳԷĵطСϢǱҪĶĶˡ
Ԭ˴˿һ˵ĻǼϢˣ
ڣ
һ֣Ǵɽһѹǵͷˣ
˵ⶫڣǾһǳǿţڶѾǿŵĽȥǰĴڡ
ܹիô󣬶һŮӾȻһֱܹĺúõģܶ˶ӡ
ⶫھ˾Եã
ܶ˶ֻǲ²֮Ĺϵһֱûܹõ֤ʵ
ڰǰλڳϵĳ֣鼸˵ǰ϶ˣ
ԬȻԹˣǶĸҲ֪һЩġ
ܶʵǿˣȴϲоЩ
磬⡭ֹô
ԬʱŶףȵֳݡ
ԬѾ˵һԣΪǻǱߣǲǸô
ʵǸղҲǽӵ׵ָǲųġ
ĻǾǽҲܳĲ
Ȼˣ
ĿҲ⼸ֻèĿֻһǱף
ΪﱾܵľԺпв
Ů˵ĵеȷǷǳ׼
Ԭġȷû뵽ֲ֮ǰֹӸȥ׽ޣ˼ո˵󰡡
һԳݵĵͷִʵ̫ˣһηηӣ˾úܽ
ХҲǺݺݵĵͷԣǸʲôʲӵʲôⰡȡ裡ִ磬̫ô˰
˺ˣû갡ִΣ˰Ӧô찡
ԬˣҲǽʵ
ٺһЦִôʲô
ĪǷ˰ɣ֪Ǹͷʲô˰Ԭ֪ηҲһ
ʲô˰ͷִǰҲôô
֪ⶫڣʵԬ˵ⶫҲǸ˵ġ
Ϊ˵ĻҲһĻ˽ⶫڣ
ʵڣԬҲ˽Ƕڡ
ֻǵУⶫھǸɽֹһĴڡ
ԬͻХⶫڿǶΪǿ֮һ˵أ
桭ļٵİҲһ
Х㡭СӸղûôִΣ˰
ǡҲӦøִ繲˰
Ԭǻȿ˵ɣִ̫ˡڵȥ尡
ʵʹִǾͿԿóһ嵨ˡϣִܹսʤˣ
ԬŲԶףҲһľġ
ʵΪǵĻ׸κεĽ
ԬݺݵԼĴȵΪ֮ǰĻҲʲôիիģǲիĻҲǣͲˣ
Ԭ𲢷ûеģʵĸԴǳի
ԬԬҲǰο˵磬ˣѾûκεˡִʲôΣյĻʱǴħ뿪ߣҸִ繲ˣ
ңִ繲ͬǱҡȸ׵ξͽˡ
ԬԬҲǲɵ˵
ԬҲûʲô黹ûеһأǵʱ˵ɡ
Ȼô˵ԬѾ˾
ǶȻǶʵЩ
˿̣
λüߵĿѾף
׵ȴһ˿Ĳм֮ɫ
ȻʵǿᣬǶ򳬼֮һĶڣǱһп޵ѣ
κεطʵͬʱҲǽģ
ڱ̣ҲеԴ
ܳϣɱ
￴Ŷף֮Ĩһ˿ı䣬ûκεԥ֮ɫ
Ҫ󻼶ɱҡ֮еģ




3391  սڳ
 

ի
ֵԽԽ࣬ЩֵҲ֪һսĻǵʱҲᲨٵˣ
ǾǱ߲ߣ
ի˴棬Ȼľ棬ԺȥţҲһʱǣ
ЩΣգҲǾĽô
Ǹ֮ΪܳϵİüߣĴ¥Ҳǵ˵Сӣʲô·ط£
ǣ£ǻǻǿʶҵȲիԸѣ
׿ǸܳϣҲһЦ
ܳЦһ֪չ˵£Ǳ¡ǶڳܳʶĻ˵ãʻԸȫʬ
ЦƾҲô˵
һĨһ˿Ĳм
ʾڣ
һ˿ȷǿޱȣɶ˵һԺʵĶֶѣ
ο׺սܵ˿δĶ֣
Ǵ˿һλ𾳵ǿߣ׿Ҳֻķˣ
ʾ֮ˣ׻ûзУ
˿ײҵﶫڣǸλڳϵĶ֣
£ûײǵĴڣ
m׶ܹǣһڲɣ

ի˿ҲһƬľ֮̾
һϯһ°Ͷ쾪ˡ
ҶŶڵô˵ģǻǵһμ
ʵ֮ڻҪǿһЩţǸҲǺƽദġ
Σ˵¿ɶ൱Сĵģ
ĻһԲľпܴˣ
ǰСƺһ첻µزµʰ
㡭˵ʲô˵һ飡
ܳЩˣһȻ˵Լ
һԵҲ𾪵Ŀףܿܳܡܳϣ˵ǱӶڰ
ܳ˲ŭһƶѣQһˣȥʰˣ
䣡
ܳһ̤˲˶㣡
ֱ֮ף
һƺ֮֮ܳУ
СӣΪղŵǾ仰۵ģ
ܳԾĵһ㣬ŶоһëȻ
һΧ۵Ѿ˺ԶǴ˿̿׵ĿŵҲ֮ͬɫ
ŭλڵĳϣǸûκεˣ
Сǹְڵĳô˵
ʲôҶǸҵǾôӵûκεĴ󣡡
ǣվҲܹ
ǾͲҪ˵˰ܹģټ
һҲ΢΢ҡͷȻܶ׵
Ĺͷǵ״ôΣ
߳߳
ܳ˸һĺâƺκεĻᣡ
ݣ
һ۷׷׵ʱܳĽѾǳˣ
磡
ɱ죡
ܳΪʾڵĳǿߣѾĪˣ
գ֮䣡
Ľ֯һܲ͸Ľֱӽ׸סˣ
һܳƺҪɶǰСӵ˲ɱ
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ܳױĽ׵İסˣҲ¶һ˿Ĳм֮ɫ
һԵ￴ܳҲ¶˵ЦݵܳϹȻǶڵĳǿ֮һһʯ쾪Ļ갡
˿ˣ಻ǵСѣԸǹˡ
ܳЦеĿ˵ҲЩߡ
ִֻյʮֵĺãЦ֮дһ˿֣ȴִ޾ľ룡

ܳЦݸոջߣɰһײͫҲ͵һ
ʲʲô⡭ôܣ
ܳԼ۾ƺ̫ǰһУ
һߣ
ԭɵףȴһͻ˲谭ֱὣվܳĶ棡
δȵܳʱһĽѾǺȻ𣡣
ܳӦ
ִ֮£ܳҲֻòֻӦս׵һȴռһʱ⣡
ܳȻΪһ̣Ҳǳ׵ķ˾衣
ټעһԵϣ⵼ڵǱ
¡
ܳĸǰһ޴ĽȻѿ
ǽֱӽիĶ¥ˣ
һƺ֮仯ΪУ
˿ٿܳҲؿڣȥƺЩ˵ĸо
ţ
ľһĿŶܳŵҲˡ
һأ͸о˸߷͵͹ȣ
ĻҳիȥһƬ˿իΧȴžĿ¡




3392  ܳˣ
 

һ
˵϶ǳֳ֮ɫ
һҰ֮ɫףôҲû뵽ⶫڵܳԳˣһﾹȻҶ֣
ǰײˣûκεľ£
ڣǿܳǾһ亹
ղһ
Ȼȥƽ棬ܳȴǵƽĽ֮иܵһɿ񱩵Ϣ
һʵԼĲ༸ڰ
һߣ
ԬԬûǶǽĿס
˵ľһɽһѹǵϡ
ôҲû뵽ǸڶΧżһˣϾȻŷȵ
Ԭ˿̲֮ǰޣ
ֲ˼ֹӵʱôţһж˼ⰲŵҲ˵
˵˼ʵǲɱһֻ޲ʲô¡
Ԭ˿̿һҲǲΡΡ˵⡭ֹôأ
ֱֹǳְҲǼ˵
ХŶףǼ˵һ˰
Ԭ̾һǿǵֻħ
ǣ˼ǡ
ԬԬҲЩ㵵ʵ
Ԭͷ֮ǰһΪǵ㹻죬ڿʲôòõİֻ˼ֹӿǿѰɡ
ӦǵģĻֹʵɰ˼ôǿǵǵĸˡ
ХһҲǵǴ˿̿׵һεıøߴ
Ҫֹܹսʤƥͺ˰ԬЩ˵
ûϣϣҲǾ˹ɽһĵ
Ԭ˴˿̵ĿһεĿ˶ף
˿̵׺ܳѾڿն֮лӡ
ԭܳһмѾʧˣȡ֮ӡ
ˣ
ܳЩˣ
ӵ˵ʵܲô
˵˵ͷ󣬻ԼЩˡ
Ҫĵ˳ŵ˵ĻЩýˣ
Ϊѣ
֪ܳӦòӦٸǰһﶯˣ
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ܳ˿֮Ĩһ˿ɫѾûиղŵһӰˣ
Цһû֪ıҪΪһˣ
㡭Ȼŵĺܰڶ򣬻û˸Ҹ˵Ļٸһλᣬ㱨ʻһ
ܳĻ·ҲǾ㵲ѣ
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ⲻ˵Լžž
ﾹȻûоܳ˵κεĵطףΪƺҲǸܵһ˿ĺ£
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ŵǣɱһҲ飬ѾзˣȻͺˣ
ܳĻûκλں޵˼ˡ
ʵϣ
ڵﳦӶˣղֻҪԼ˵һ䣬ҪիµĻûôˡ
飬Ҳλųǰһ֮ìܡ
һҿ㻹รɣ
׳ЦһƺûнܳĻС
ʵӸղŶֵڣѾǻȷԼܲܽնɱڴˣ
㻹ǾƲԳԷưȻ˵ĻɱϷ򲻿ˣ
ܳҲЩп಻߲йǡ
ǰԽǱֵǿƣôĹҲԽģ
￴ܳҲǽһܳϣҶڣѳϷУǾ㻹ʲô
ˣСЩŹְܳ·Ҳǳ
ߣŹôˣŹֵ˶ȥˣҵȱڣı£ѲɻҶ²ɣ
̱ĶڣΪ֮һһֱǺǿƵģ
˲ǶʯǳĸȤ
ټիҲȷʮֵ׬ǮоԼʮֵĲ
Լǣֻ
ܳЩùˣùĵԭΪȷԼܹܲսʤף
ˣǱնɱ̫ԩˣ
ܳȻĵģĻô˵ôأ
ֻܳˣȴˣ
Ϊʲô
ȻҲ֪ܳʧʲô³ȴҲһΪҪˡ
ֳộ˵ĻǼֱǳЦˣ
ǳΪЦԺⶫڶ򻹻첻ˣ
ܳϣ㲻ϵĻǱֻˡ
ŭĿһܳҲЦһ
ܳһΣֻӲͷƤὣһεĳ׵ķɱȥ




3393  ǿնܳ
 

ի֮ϣ
һ޴Ľ˷һ㣬ǹ켣ĸˮһ޶
ܳǸֳһĨɫǿѧҲĳɱУ
ˣ
ܳĿһе߳Ѿ׵ĸǰ
εĽҲ΢΢ü
޲𹥻
ⶫĸֹȻЩˮ׼
ȥɣʵҪм
ܳƳһۣʱѾǱŷ˾˵
ŭڣ
һܳƴȫʹˣ
Ӱءɽŭ
ܳЦһҲǻһֱӳ˳ȥ
ݣ
է׵֮ҲӳһɫĹâ
ߣǾͿ˭ܹЦˣ
׵ϸֳһĨɫеĽѾڿת
һ
׵һŭȣѾγһǿҵУ
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·ſһֱӽܳǵˣ
ɽ
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ܳԭΪԼȻȲʤȯˣôҲû뵽ôһ˲ĹԼ·˸һ㣡
ɫҰף
ܳʶһʵЩܲһʵ
ǿһȻƨûзһֱӾͱ˸ˡ
Ҳûп澰
һҲһȦ
ʵϣ
ԭɽʱһû˵ǿᣬǵ֮һƺˣ
͸ղһ϶ֱӽܳĽյӣԼоЩֲ
Ժ˶սĻһ𾪲ѵİ
սȻܾôΪһֻܹɱ˵ĽĻǻĲΪ壡
һȴ֪֮һҪĴڣ
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⡭⵽ʲô
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˵ʵ꽣ŷұݺᶫƾҲ⼸оѧ
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￴ǰһĻѾ֮ˣ
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޴ҲǸоЩԲΪܹڶʱڴĲĻڶΪ֧ڵأ
ˣ
֮У
ԭѾȻȡ֮ıһƬ֮ɫ·һ˲Ӱ˺ҹ
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һ
Цһһ·ƾճһ㣬ֱӳܳͷ֮ϣ
̫ٶ̫죡
ܳûüӦǽѾǴͷֱӻ䣡

ʶȥֵһ£ڵѾǸ˵ŵ°ˣ
ס˵һȴס
һȷǿޱȣһһĽ׼ݣֱԭƮݵܳŪǱ
źɫƲɢȥܳҲǽ˳
ͷɢ񾪿֣
֪˶սĻ֪ܳ׾ʲôľأ
ɾˣһΧ۵ЩҲһ̾ѣ
֮ǰǸǿСӣȻŷ˾޴̾Ϊֹ鰡
ʱܳףҲǻȥ
򲻹
ܳһϴ֮ǳ׵ľˡ
ֻҪúõ뿪ߣȻ
ֻϧǣܳͷ׼ʱȴﻹǵӰӣ
㲻ˣŮѾˣ׿ܳ˵
ֹ֡ӣۡлú˵ɱǱǵ˶ڰǷңԺҶڵѣ
ܳʱףѾǼˡ
ΪΪΪ⣡
֪ܳǴ˿ٲ˵Ļ˭ҲȲԼˡ
㣿Ǻǣ˼ҲӦĻҪֻܹӰɣ
ײٸܳκεķϻĽһγʣһûκεأ
һܳҲûκεĻ֮
һƬ֮̾Уܳڿֱӱѿǳޱȵģ
ֻײ֪ǣڲԶһŮֱĶƺȡ




3394  Ԭ
 

ѹʽնɱ
ܳΧ֮˴޾֮ɫ
ֻնɱ֮ܳҲ֮ʧ
ի浽׷ʲô飬Ҳ˵硣
֪鷢չҲôһЩʳͶѣֻ˭Ҳ֪׷ʲô飿
׵ҲǱػֻǲ֪λֵĹӵ
ܳˣ
䶯¼
Ҫ֪ܳǿǶڵĳϣɮ濴棬ⶫֳ˿Ʋ
ֻһиƺҲûжĹϵ
˭ܹʶأ
ڵڶ򵽵Ǹʲôĸֶ
ԭ״ȥ޷һţԼӦľΪã
ϾնɱǸܵģʱȻǻٵ鷳
ߡ
׶ԬҲһߵƣ˾ҡڵʧ˵ĸǰ
˺ܿ㳯ŶĳһƫƧĽ伲۶ȥ
һ·ϣ
ԬԬʮֵ˷ܣԱߵͻХǸоѪȡ
ǳڣҲûľʰɣ
նɱڵĳϣ֮ǰǸǲ飡
ǵһֲŵͷչǰʱҲһȦĸо
ԼѾЩϵֱ۵ĻǸһʵģ
˴ľľôףǴʱļ֮Ա
˵ģɱ볡жأ
ǿĻʵĶڳϰ
𾪵Ŀ׵洦ɼ
Ԭ̲סĿڵ֡ǰллħ
Ǿʹ˱ɣ
׿ԬˣҲںСľĻǾܲˣ
ʲʲôԬףһӾͻ
Ԭס˻Ҫ˵ЩʲôԬһжǰġǰҲģǾԲᱩ¶κεٵġ
΢΢ü
Ȼһõĸ׻ҪνԹȥƣ
Լˣʱʱ϶ǹԮġ
ĳͺװɣǵĸںδ
׿ԬˣҲǳʵ
ףҵȰһƧ֮ؾأԬףҲǹ
ţߣǵǶԵġ̾ĵͷȻ㸸׵ĲĳӦÿҽΣɣǰ·κǸ׵Ĳʱڷֵɣ
֡ǰһˣˣ
Ԭףʵǲ֪ʲôԼ˿̵ˡ
ܹףϱӻˣ
̸ϣҲǸԵְɣЦһ
ǰǲǴĴﰡԬףҲԼĴ۾ʵ
񣡡
ԬȻʵ֮Լ΢ĲôһЩ֮ԼҪḻһЩ
֪һĸֶɻԼĳ˼ҿ˵Ļ˵ˣ
Ե޹ʵĴ̽ǰ٣ʱǸԼͽ鷳
ԬͷЩǸȻ˵ԡԲǰҡҲǹģֻǺһ¡
޷
ЦһҲ˵̫ࡣ
׿һõĽӦҲֹڴˣ
֪Խ࣬ʱԽǲ
Ҳܾôһ֮ģϾȻѾˣҲðż˰һ¡
ڶ첻ȥȥҩĻǵҲǳĺĲֺαⶫأ
Ԭ׹ǰҸ׵ĲʮֵأܹҽεĺõĻԺԬţ
˺ˣھҪĳҪȥ죬ǰ·ɣ
׿ԬԬһεЦŵ
Ԭ˺ݺݵĵͷҲǳŶĳ򼲳۶ȥ
һ·ϣ׺Ԭ˵˵Ц
ܿ죡
Ԭñ˶ĳһ۵Ժ֮У
ԺڶʵЩϡƽĺܡ
ǲעĻ˻ע⵽һطġ
ʵϣﲢԬԬļңļҡ
ǰߣ״ءԬ˵ط֮Ҳǿ
׵ͷȽȥɣȻһֱˣĳҲûһλִŵѰ
ʲʲô˸ǣôܣԬ𾪵Ŀף
ֻǵʵҪ˸٣Ǽǲܵ顣
ǽĴˣ⾯Իǳĸ߰
Ԭ˲֮ʣһһɤ˵Ķ
Ԭ˿Ŷˡ




3395  
 

ҵԺڣ
ԬԬĸҲǸոմſֻ̤ŻڳʱҲѡ˳Ĭ
̧ͷǵӣҲǵʵһ·ôãǶĳȤˣ
ǣǶûȤĻΪеûŻ㣿
λŮףҲԵĻػ
ȻĳȴҲûκεɱ⣬⵹ĳְ
׿λŮҲһε˵
ȽȥɣЩǲҲòҪ֪ĺã
ŮһԬõˣҲ
Ԭ̧ͷһףЩǵ˵֡ǰȽȥʲôֱӺǾˡ
׵ͷȻŮӵҿǻǻطȽϵĺã
ŮӷӦ׵Ѿʧ˸ǰ
ܿ죬˵Ӱ˶Χĳ
ɽ֮У
˵˳ҰһС£ױһɣŮŮڿ˰ɣ
ôԶ㵹£Ͳ¶ڵô
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ҲͲöȦˣȻ㿴ҵĽӦøҲЩԨԴɣ
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ŮѾǿԿ϶йأӦúпܾ͸Լʦйء
Ļôڸղֱ˵˵ԼǽĴأ
Լʲô
ҽ֣֮һ
֣ҲǰŮӣһҲԼԭζ֮ģ
ӣû˵
׿֣Ҳ΢΢ҡͷ
ʵϣ
ʦʵЩŵݵǵʱŷұӵһѣ
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û˵Ȼ˵ǽӣӦþǸйˣǾ֪⽣ƺѾ
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Լʦ״ʲôӾԲôԵڶߣ
ʲôϵ
ֿףһ˿ԡ
ƾʲô;¸ʲôϵأοĳڵʲôݣҲǷǳĻɣ
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ЦһֹøһͣĻǿɾͲҪˡ
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Ϊӣ֮ʵҲǿʵ
ǽԻĻľ֮ˣ
ǰ֣ҲǴﵽʾ۷ǿߣ˵ֻѾ̤𾳵ǿߣ
ȥ˶ƺûеڶ·ѡˡɣĳ顭
׿֣ҲǵһЦ
ʲô飿ЩĿ׵
׿ֵȻ˵ԼǽӣӦó֤ɣĳݣ֤ԼĳȻҲʵˣ
ǣֹӵ˼Ӧøйϵˣֻڽô꣬ƺδʦἰ
ֿף´ǰˣƺҪһ㡣
ĳһԿһޣǾͼǲǾʹ˱ˡҲҪͼĳΪ㲻ס
׿֣ʵʵֲҪôԡ
ЦһܹնɱܳˣҿûôɵȻҵʵܳҪ߳٣ֹƺҲڲ֮䣬ֶģҲûбҪðա
˵ҲһЩȻ˿ƣﻹûڶңڣء
׿֣ҲЦʵ
΢΢һЦֹƺ֪ҵһݡ
Ŷϴ׿֣Ҳ
ڵȷǱ˿ƣʵҲΪ˱Сѡڵȷĺܣܶ˶ƳУԻΪ˱ڻҵʵ˶֪ǲΪ̽ڵһӶѡ
ֿףҲЩߵ˵
׿֣ƺޱϲﻹδشҵ⡣
ˡȻڻҵĻƵĿףȻȻҲԸⱻἰǲòϣһݵȷǸһЩɡΪҵĸҲǴ˵ֵ֮һ




3396  ̹
 

ֵ
׵֮дһĨɱ֮ǰ̫׿ı֮ĽҲ֪Լʦδ
ӦþνĴˣ
ڶ⽣뵶ڿνͷҶ־޶棡
Щ۲˿Ϳȥˣ
νĴˣʵӦҲǵӴɽһɵͬˣ
˵ⶫƺкܶɽž
ԣ˲ųˣ
˵˵ĴʼƺҲԼʦŷұӵˡ
ֻЩΪԼҰĶ׵Ŀʼѹˡ
ԭˣ
׿˿֣ȻŮ˵˼ʲôˡ
Щ㵵Ŀ׵Ͳҵվһߵô
Σʵϣڱ˵Ӧѵѡ񣡡
׿֣Ҳǵ˵
̾һҲҵĿԣڻ취˺ҵʦʦǡ
ƾ㣿
׿˿֣ȻҪֱһľ롣
ȻŮ˵ĿģԼĸ׺Լ֮Ůܹһѡ
ֹʲô˼ǲˣ
üףɫҲЩѿ
׵һЦֻԼ
㡭
û뵽һ˵ôĲͨҪ֪ԼŮһ˿ɶֵġ
ײûǫã˵ʮֵĴ̶
װڰֵҲ㣬ʵʤ۱磬ҪȽ֮ʵŵģ֮ѡԭѵġԹТȫҲǶġ
㡭ðɣҳ˵ĺܶԣ
ϵʹ֮ɫӵŨأʵ֮УûôΣ
ĳЩĺܣĸ׼Ȼλ磬ôὫԼŮ뽣أ
׿֣ҲƳһ۵
ЩǸȻ˵ʵԭǸܣҵݸһֱⶼûʵȥԵ׵ġֻ
ֻ㱻ڵ˸жˣҲĵϲ˽𣿡׷ʵ
ĵͷȻ֪ȥܼ٣ȷġ
ˡĳֱԣǽ֮ˣҲġЦŵ
ֲһЦڵѾⲻˣĵϣܹ˵ģĻҽͲһˣ
ҲһҲߣĻΪƾܹҵô
ŵЦЦ⵹Щˣ
Ҫ֪˵Ҳʾ۷ǿߣȻһֻ̤𾳵ĳǿߣ
ǰһȷЩʵ˵ԼʵѾȫĳԽԼǲŵģ
ֹӿͦġ
װڰֵ֮ûκε壬ܹ˵Լ˰ɣ
ʵҾ֪ô˵ľѧһģ֪˵ľѧһǲ⴫ģҽڻûܹѧ˵ĺʽ
һɣҲǾĿʵ
ǽڵˣҿ棬ڵǵѻûзôóȻĸƺЩװɣ
׿֣Ҳ˵
ʵ׿˺׼˼еıԼʵҲҪڵıԼݣ
ȷǴһѵľأҲҪԼʦģ
ҪȻĻ׿Ͷˣ
ֿףҲЩĹĵ˵ֹӣһ仰Ǽ٣Ǳ׺䣡
ԹڶһЩȻô˵ˣĳڲҴҲͲ̫ˣ׵˵
ֹӣпܵĻԺǻᲢսأĵ˵
׿ֵ֪Ƿ˵ɽ磿Ǵɽһǿɵģ롭
Ȼ˵֮вȫǴɽķɣǵȷкܶӴɽ֮ˣҸҲԴɽ
ֿף֮ҲǷһ˿Ŀ⡣
׿֣΢΢һЦȻ˵ɽ磬ͺý͵Ķˣ
ҲǴӴɽֹĪɽʱͽܲɣ
ִ˿̿ףƺҲ뵽һֿԡ
׹һЦﵹҲǴĳȷŷұʦͽܣֻƺûʲô֪ѣ
ԭˣֶһϣ
ֵ֮Ҳ˸һ˷ܵĹâ
׿ֳǶһϣǱȳ




3397  Ѻ֮أ
 

룿
ֿף֮˸֮ɫ
ףо˴֮еһĨᶨ֮ɫ
ֻⲻ˵󻰶ѣ
ôΪӣҲĳɣ
׿֣Ҳһ
ҡҡͷֹӣֿԱ֤Բֹܳһ㣬һֹ޶ȵİ
޶ȣһΪڶҲĸԸ
׿֣ҲЦһʵ
ֵǰĵֶŻ緢ģֻҪֹӳľˣֱȻȫ޺
ģ
ԵȷǷǳʽ
Ȼ˵Բһܹ棬ֻأܹȻײᷢĵģ
ԣʵ˵ģ
ײ֣ĸƤʵǲ̫Ŵˣ
ڣҲֻܹŸ߰˷ֶѣ
һеһУǻǿԺж
Ȼô˵ˣĳȻҲ˵ʲôˡڵǸʲô״ˣΪ֮һӦ˽ɣ
׿֣Ҳüʵ
֮ǰ׿ıͻѸϢȻ֪һţҪ֪ϸ֦ĩڵĶһǺ֪ġ
֣
Ӧÿ֪ܶ˲֪Ķˡ
ֹҪ֪ʲôֳʵڴֹӣûʲô֧ŵĻ֮Ҫȳ˼κεĿԣ
ͲˣĳȻ棬ȻҲװġ
׵˵Ȼ͸̫ĵϸ֣
ֿ׶ԼȻʮ㣬ҲյȻֹмƽϣʲôɻʰɣԵ֪޲޲
ʦڱѺδ
׵۾ֱĿ֣Ҳüʵ
ͬüʲôλҲԿ϶ǲڽڡ
Ϊ˿϶üͷʵ
Լʦλöȷ˵ĻӪȵѶȿɾǳʼαˡ
̾һҪˣֻϧ˽ڵķȴκûѰˣ
ŶҲ
׵һЩȤû뵽Ȼб˸ڴ˵Ƥӵ¾ˣ
Ҫ֪˼ȻҶֵĻǱ϶ǵõmĬģ
޵ǿǷǳ֮ߵģҪֱӶֱȻҪð֮踣
Ȼ
ȴһִŵķm֮ˣ֮˶ȻҪ֮ġ
ֵĿǰݴ˵Ĳ²⣬ӦǷm˵ˡ˲ֹһεڹϷmĲŷm˵ӦҪ˵Ӱɡ
ԣǽڼȻǸӣʦ˱ںδпأ
һεĿ֣ڶ˵һĨڣ
֪򣬶һһϵŮ˲²ĽӦЩԵģ
ԥһֹӼȻˣҲͲҴˡĿǰѺĶǽڵĺĵӺ͸֮ˣˣһط
طΧҲ˵
׷Ϊֵ˾ʲôˡ
ȴûиоκεĲףΪһ￴ȥһ쵼һ㣡
һǴ˵ܲȥôãȴûκεϢΪǽڳģҸ״Ҳҵġ
Եȷеģһأ׳ʵ
һǱҽڵ񽣷壡
ֿףҲһε˵һط
ڵ񽣷壿
üҪ֪񽣷İ
֮ǰʮʥŮ˵֮Ĺ񽣷֮£û뵽ԼʦҲпܹѺǱߣ
ֻֻ֪һ񽣷壬ȴ֪ʵ񽣷壡
ֿףҲѵ
ʲô˼ҲüͷһʵȻҲûж
ЦһʦģǶ˽ֹʦͽܣǾûйϵˡ
Ը꣡׳
ͷǵԽţ񽣷źɽ֮иۣΪ˶Ŀʵ񽣷ԱɽŪһ񽣷壬ֻ˶Ϊ񽣷ֻһڣʵ񽣷ʵڵģ
Ƿm˵˾֮ʱΪû̽õǱߣһεʵ
ҡҡͷǸͲ֪񽣷ĴڣҲ²
Ȼȥɡ
׿֣Ѿ˽һţȽԬø׵飬׼ӪԼʦˡ




3398  겻ɢ
 

Χ
ָ׳ļȥ
Ϊʲôֶ˵Ȥ
ʵϲΪ׻ʹŷұӵһʩչκá
ֹҲ൱ͣ
իʲôطȻ֪ĺܡ
붫֮Ĺϵܶ˵Ҳ֪ġ
λֹӾȻի֣˵ʲô
ֿ˵˴ҪôǸɵӣҪôûнڿУ
˵ĻǾԼϣˣ
ο׵ĵϸʲôģǲ
־ѾܹȡĳɾͣǱû֧ǲܵģ
ҲΪʲôָԸıҵһԭ
ΣȻɵˣ
֪ԼûκεϣȥӪȽڵκһˣôҲֻнϣĵطˡ
׵ĳ֣ԭûκϣԾ޴ϣ
ҲΪʲô׸ղ̬ȣһ㶼ûκԹһԭ
˿̣
ļУȴѾǳˡ
ԬԭǽԼĸܲļУϾע⡣
ټļҾԬļҲһЩ룬ǾطǳΣգ
һŵλ֮Ҳǳ׵ŭˣ
ʵλҲһŵѣƽΪ¸˵ӡǳţ棡
˵ĸǰҲܹף
ЩֻΪ׬ǮһЩӶѡ
ԼݵĻ¾Ͳôˡ
ǶĶʵҲֽĲǣ
οЩŵı˭ҿЩһţ
ĳ˸ǲһ֮ϵȴǳĸӣ
Щŵʵ֮һŻҪǿ
ڵĿڱˣ
֮ίУΪľѰիȻԼˣ
˵ֵȥˣ
ԺڣһҲΧ
ǼһƺЩѧˣһ˵ЩһŲȥҲʮֵͣ
ţ
ΪŶӣЩҲս֮ˣһ֮бŷսʮֵ˿־壡
ֻЩ˶ƺʮֵĸðֻվһȴδ˵
Ϊ֮ƺһЩ룡
ԬűΧˮйͨԺ䣬ҲЦǰһͻˣǺܵģ
ЦǶŵӸſˣСùԹԵĸǻȥĻ֮أ
ԬҲŭһ
ʵЩЦԷǡ
ǶŻ˹Ŀ࿴ΪһССӥСӣȻųˣ˵ȥЦ
ԬҲǺõ˵
һ᱾ųҪҿµʱܲôӲ
¶һ˿ı飬ԬҲͷԼ촽
ֹӣԬҲһ߲ѣ
޳֮ͽ
ԬӣһҲǶݺݵ˵
޳֮ͽ㣬ҲŹģ
һʾԼǶô޵һˣ
ȻģԬŭһҲҧгݵ˵
ųעԴǣһǼȻǸֵıǸֵġ
ô˵֮ʣһԵӸҲǳ
Ȼ
λӸŶҲ൱ᷳıͿԿó
ӸţòܣʲôĻֱҸ׶ԻһһԵӸҲЦ
㡭Ӹ˫
˵ӸţץЩˣֵĲͷȰץˣȻǼһǡ
ǵĿǸˣЩˣ˵ˣǶ۸һСӣ鴫ȥ
ӸĻҲЩġ
ʮֵӸǱ߶Ի
Ц˼ûˣĪҪŲɣɱˣһСɶǡ
㡭õúܣǿɱһ˲ɢ˿
ɱңǣҲǿЦ˼
ɱΣ
Ű֮ʣһԭſҲһ£
Ϊ̫Ϥˣ




3399  а
 

˿̣
׵صҵԺ֮У
Ԭ׵ԭ԰׵ɫһӱú
˷ޱȣ
ԭΪ׻Ƕȥû뵽λǰһεĻˡ
һ뵽ինɱܳĳǸоױ޵еĴһ㣡
ԬÿˣͶˣ
ղȷײڣ˵š
֮ǰһĻĻлصţһǴ˹һѹûطġ
ʵνܾݵ㣬ѾǱ֪ˣ
䣡
ǻδӦ׵ȭͷѾǳ˹ȥ
׵ȭͷӲӣ
ʵ֮л赲һµġ
ղδ赲Ϊоһȭƺû̫
ȷ
һȭûֻ̫ʵ̫ǷˣҲҪúõĽѵһһ
ֻһߴôĺ֣Ҳԥһ²ųֵģ
Ȼ
˵֮¾Ȼûг֣˵Ѿˮˣ
˵ĵ˾ѣ
ʵҲ൱Ĳֵʵ൱һֻ̤֮ˣ
ҪֻһѣֻҪʵĻӦòʲôġ
ȻˣҲǿԵҲԲձ˵뷨
˵ҶҶŶ֣ɣ
ϷĺģҲǱ˸ˣڶʱҲǳˣ
׿ǰһȺˣ˵֮ǰիʱҾ;ˣҿ㣬ǿɾͲˣ
㡭ʲôҸ㣬ǶǿǶ֮һ
ףһأ
ǿףҲüǸիųͿֵǸˣ
ʲôڲڵҲ֪֪֮ǰիȷǽѵ
׵ĿǣҲ΢΢һЦ
Ȼ˵ĻǾ鷳ֹӸһˣǿҲǵʲõ˵
ǣֻҪһץסˣʱҡҾȷŮΣǣҲǻ𼱻ǵ˵
棿ҲЩеʵ
ҡ£㻹ôǳ
ǵ΢΢ƭҺֹһˣһλƭҵĻǿɾ͹ֲˣ
ʿˮ̵ͷİɣ˵
ǣ
֮ʣ׵Ҳ¶һ˿޵Цݡ
ֻüͷ΢ƺȷϴ˵ǲǽǣ
ǿףҲǹֵˣ

׿ǼҪ֣ҲЦ̧һֻƵ
ôֹӻк£
Ǹղſ׳֣֪˾һӲӣ
ʵҲԸĶ֣Լòֵɡ
֣νľܣ˻˵㻰֮ô׿ǵ˵
ƺͲֹӹ˰ɣЦһ
ĳа취أ׿Цŵ
ˣʲôˣһҲûзӦù
֣ļƺǵаɣĳ˵ľˣȻǾļˣ׵˵
ǣң
׾Ȼʱ߷ǣҲŵƨ
֣ղҶֵʱлλųģûг֡
仰һ˵һԵɫֱ䣡
ǿ׵ӣҲղѵ㡭ߺ˵˵
ˣ֣֮ͲҪϷˡ׵˵
üѣһԵļ˿ǵ磬Ҿλֹ˵ĶԣһֱôҲǸ취صĸӸͲǸ
ǣѱ䣬һ֮ͻҷ𣬹
ǣҲǰȻվ
ǵļˣǿһ̡
֣ˡֱԣ㲻ؽʵĶ֣𾳳ڵĳ֣΢΢ҡͷ
ǣǸˣȻĳѡ㣬Ǳа취׵˵
ʲô취ĳҪֹ֪ӵİ취ʲôɣ
ǿףҲ̾һ
ʵϣ
Ѳɾûѱôûʵ
׽仰ԼһΣյľأƺԼ˲ֻһ·ˣ
Цһʱһ˶Ų֪ôӵһ롭
ǻȥôǾ㵵Ŀס
׵һЦҲδذɣ




3400  ༶ҩʦ֣
 

ҵԺڣ
ԬЩɵˣôҲû뵽λǰȻ˵棡
仰㽫ԱߵλǸų㶨ˣ
ԭ΢һӾͱʻˣ
ֿףҲһεĶȤ
ֻƬﾹȻһλʾ۷ⲻò˵Ҳһ
ֻҲЩƣײһˣôܹԸأ
ڶ֮ҲЩ֣
ؽҲǿ֮һȻǿ֮һֻĩɼĩҲǿ߰
ԽǺ棬ԽԽ
ƺȥ
ֹӣھȥ
ǿףҲһ
ؽʺӣǿѾһˣ
ֱе
̣۸˿ʮֻҲˣ֪Ŀ¾Ͳˣ
ԣ
һҲһߵˣ˵õ罫ϣȥļһϣ
οǼһＸ仰һ˵ʱŹԼ
Բܣ
ܲһԸӵԸǿɶرˡ
һܹԼһǵƵʱ򣬾Ǻȥģ
ǾȻѱˣҲЩĿ˵ǣͽ޳ܵͽ㲻úԲú
ܾˣΪǸʲôӹ
Ǵ˿ƺҲǱһڶֱһŽ߷ɳȥʮԶ
ߵķһ㣬ֱҵǽ֮ϣ
ǽںȻ
ҲǿѪĹ˵ϣֻʱѾǱ˰֮ɫˣ
ǰܹģ
οִСͽأ̰֮
׿һţ֪ǵݹͶ״Цŵ֣ʱǲɱΪáʱļ˾ѶȾҪܶˣ
ֹӣȻ֪ǳ
λҪȻȺһһλҪΣ֮ȥǱҲٰɣ
׿ǣҲЦһ
ֹ˵Ǹ˿ԬХ֣ǿףҲüʵ
ǼҸ
ԬǣǸǰһ·ˣǷ
Ȼ֮ǰǶŵˣؽʸѾǷֵ˲ǣ
пܳΪӶŵһҲ˵أ
˾ǱǶӶ֮ˣּ֪ҲЦŵ
΢΢ҡͷĳȷǲ֣ԬХֵƿֹҲΪ
Ϊʲôô˵΢΢һЦʵ
˵ʵԬõĸҲûм
ҽα˵Ŀɴȱûа취Ļа취Ҳˣ
ǳԬХֵ֮أԹҲҩʦҲ
ģҩʦ
ǻδ֮ʣִɴѾǳ˵ĸǰ
֮ǰȲһֿȥǶһصϢ棡
ǰǡ
ԬʱǸղŸǵŮˣȴɴҲǵʵ
˼˵ԼʦǾԼ׵ϣɾʹˣ
ѰʦҪԬХֵƼ޿ܣ
ǿһ֣һ֮Ҳ΢΢Ҫϵ
ʲô˼
ԭΪԼҩʦݻñ˹Ŀ࿴
û뵽ǲûκεĹĿ࿴̧ͷһ۱˵ԼУ
ǿ벻̰
ɫȥʮֵĲˬ
ǿǸȻһЦλʵȷǲĳҲ֮ԬХֵʵЩأԹʵ¡
֪ʲôҩʦߣ
ҲЩŭѣֱ¶ԼǰĻ£ɫĻҲһ۲ѣ
࡭༶ҩʦ
ǿ֣ҲЩĿɿڴ
ֵĿ˿ǣȻһԵԬ΢΢һЦ߰ɣҩʦȥ
лǰлǰ
Ԭֵĳ֣ҲǼԸӣ
༶ҩʦҲǶҪ붼벻˰
ԭҪĽ鷳Ȼ뿪ߵġ
û뵽;кһţȴʵЩ
ֳǰȥҲ΢΢һЦ
ܹԬ׵鷳Ҳʡ鷳ˣ
ֻֽ뷿֮󿴵ԬХֵƣɫһ




3401  а
 

еĳ᷿֮У
һλɫҰ׵ڴϣֻǴü֮ԿóѾǳ˼ʹ࣡
ӱԬХ֣
Ҳ֮ǰ֮ˣ
ʵҲΪԼΪڵԴӲޱŸˣ
ԬХֵʱҲվ˳
룬ΥԹṫԼĶžȻҵô˵Լأ
Ȼ˵ʵһУ
ԹҲһйصĵطΥ˹أ˵ҲǻᱻԹͷģ
ټڳô֤֤ǶҪҲûпԵģ
ԬХˣٽִˣ
ִˣʱȷƽ˾ŵŻĻǵʱĿ¾ԬХֵȫˣ
ֻΪ֧ͥԬХѾǻԬеĻ
ѵ£ԬХֵķɺҲǶž޴ѹǰԹ״˶ţ
ɶԹһһԴһСආأ
ɺִˣ
ԹȴʱѹΪɣǾܾɺ״棡
ԹҲ֪Ѿôˣǲ˵ºƽŭ
ֲȡһ취ǾҽκԬХ֣
һĻԬХǲǲ֮ˣ
ԹȴҲʾôԬХ֣ԺôĻǻæ
ԣǱԬ˳һ⣡
޵ڵ
ʵϣľԬХһҾϣˣԬХֵһԶŮȴģ
Ҳ˺Ԭԭˣ
ΪڶԶ棬֪̫̫ˡ
˭ðŵһΣȥνʲôӥСأ
еĵˣ
һԬ׵ĻѾ˶Χɽ֮ˡ
ﻹʲôվ߿Լĸĸ
ӲҪỹ༶ҩʦԼĸβˣ
Ԭþǵʵ̫̫ˣ˯ͷ
˵ҪԼ׵Ĳ飬ƽ޹ʵľðһ༶ҩʦˡ
ֻǴ˿ԬÿֵɫԭһżҲ˲뵽˹ȵ֮ˣ
ΪʱɫأǽüͷѾǸ˴һ㣡
ǰǰҡҸ״
ԬһЩŵĲ֪ӦôˣҲʮֵ
üô˵ôأ
λ֮ǰĳǿԬХֵʵ̫ˡԹʱҲλҩʦǺײ뵽һ취
ǿ֣Ҳǵ
Թҩʦײ취
ҲסˣǿȥĻ֮ǰǿ˺ˣ
ǵͷܹ˿Ϊ࣬ԹҲѦѦϲš
Ѧ죿һεü
ԬХʵʲôĶ˵ҲǺŪĵˣγɱ֮֮һķѺܶľټѶҪ󼫴ûԸ˻ˮ
Ƕŵģ֮ǰ˽һ
ܶĶְģ
⡭ô˵ǸѦѦˣԬЩĿǣǡǸǵҲ쵽ˣǰѾΪǻһͷħˡ

ΪͬĿԬҲ΢΢һ̾
ʲôֱ˵̾ʲô
ֿӣҲЩĹĵ˵
֮ǰ˵̫ҲǸоЩˣ
Ԭǰɣ޲ǸӶѣѦѹҲûдĸף
ǳ˵ʱƺҲЩΣ
һƳǣһᣬȻ˵Ļ㣿
νۿֹͣӣʵκεطġǿףҲεʼ
ĳľͲаˣԭĳǴԼţֵĻһҪѦˣ
ҲǷǳһˣЩ̫Ҳ൱Ĳϲ
ܹΪǿߣȻػʵǲǿ֣
ټҪŵ鷳ǼȻҪ־ִһˣ
վڰЩʱ򷴶վĺã
ֹӣ㡭ĪǷ˰ɣԼô׵ĻҲһ
׿һһҵİɣһұ֤һжã




3402  Ѧ
 

ȥԹ£
û뵽λֹӵĵӾȻôĴ
Ҫ֪Թɲʲô˶ܹµĵط
һ³ɹˣǵʱҲûʲôùӳ԰
ڵһУƺλֹ˵㣬Ҳûа취
ֿ˾ҲǵֹԼǣȻԹѾӦƣΪʲôȥأ
ԬХֺԼķɺĲ֮׺ֵͷЩ˵࡭лλĺ⣬ֻֻλ˵ᣬҪΪððôķա
ǡǰǼХֵ˶ŵˣѾˣ
ɺҲǴԬХֿʼ˵˻ȻıҲʮֵʹ࣡
ǰЩԼˣҲԼĶӺŮ
һҪǳʲôĻǵʱԬҾһҲʣˣ
ԬХѲɲţ
Ȼǣ
κһ֮˶ҪúõĻţȨף
ν˵ʲôԹôɣ
λǲСԹ»
ǿֵӣҲǵ
ˣԬ壬ȻҪȥˣǾûбҪôĹˡ׵˵
֡ǰľ𣿡ԬЩʵ
ô»ǰԬҲǵǵĿʵ
Цŵ̸ʲô۲۵ģȻԹӦˣǾӦҲĳΣֻԹʵЩۣ
ֿ˿ףҲǸ̲ѣ
һﻹͦҪӵģԼ༶ҩʦûκεİգȻ˵ԼΣ
ֲ˽ף˽׵ĻôӦ֪״ᴵЩţƤģ
ǰ˵ĶԡԬҲǵͷ
ʵڳ֮˶Щ˵ˣȻˣڶΪĹǣ
״ʣҲֻһֻ۱һֻˣ
һ˵̧ԬХֳԹķ
׵ǵ͵˺ܶ࣬ҲǽɫĶҴԼͷ֮ϣ
Ͼ֮ǰոիֹµģôľ͸ʲôͻ
ɱ˼һϣǲݵľ氡
Թᣡ
ⶫԹģҲǲСģȻԹܲ򣬵ⶫҲһˡ
ʱԹᣡ
ŵųؽڹڣһȥΡΡߣ
߿ȥΡΡӣʵʵȴúܶ˾η֣
Ѧ죡
Թḱ᳤ϯҩʦ
ѦҲͷĴڡ
ʵ˵֮ҲǶڡ
ȻΪʲôѦQؽһأ
ʵϣ
ѦؽȻûʲôֱӵĹϵؽʵĸҲүүѦ쵱ҲһСӳֵܣ
ֻǻؽʵĸһΧɱ𾳳޵ʱնɱ
ؽʵĸ׾˵ԭлӳȥģøѦ죬Լȴ֮أ
ҲΪʲôѦؽʺôõһԭ
˵Ѧǽؽʺ׶Ӻˣ
常ȥˣû뵽ԬĶӾȻʶһְ
ؽʿѦ죬ҲЩǵ˵
ѦΪǿߣǱȴҲһӲŭ
ؽʵʰҲѾǿ𾳣ô˵»˵ëأһ֪ߵغСӶѡ
常ֻʲô۶Ӱؽʵ
ˣʱֱӽЩ֮һˣһŵųȻһԴӵСආƽˣԺǶŻڶĵؽô
Ѧ쿴˿ؽʣҲЩɸֵ˵
ǣ常
ؽʵ֮ҲĨһ˿ᶨ֮ɫ
Ѧ쵭˵ˣͲҪˣȥʰɣʰ˵ʮʥŮִﶫϢ
ʥŮµˣ⡭Ҳ֪ؽ΢΢ҡͷ
ʮʥŮҵõĿɿϢҲмλҲ˶򣡣ǵΪѦЩ˵˵
ǶʲôذɣؽЩʵ

Ѧؽ֮ʣһ뵽ǵĶУ
ʲô£Ѧһ˿ɳƵ
ѦϣԳӥСӵ˵ѾˣҪ
˵꣬Ѧ֮ѾǱһĨɱ




3403  Ϊ޳ܣ
 

Թ֮У
ѦȻҲڵû뵽ǣʲôӥСӵ˾ȻҵԹ
ؽһҲסˣ
ѦЦһǽɣ
˿̣
Ѧؽʳ·˹ȥȥʱȴһֵ󣡣
ǾǾȻҲվνӥСӵĺ棡
ؽʿǳӸţԭˣǼ˴ô
˭Ѧ죿
׿ؽʣҲǽĿѦϣ
Ѧüͷһ壬ЦһĸëûгȫСӣȻҵԹҰš
Ԭ𣬽㸸̧
׸Ѧ죬ʾԬԼĸ̧
˿̣
ԹںܶҲ𾪲ѵĿˣԹ£һѦֱģҲû˰
˻ʮְ
ǣǰ
Ԭݺݵĵͷ̺ԼԬԼĸ̧˴֮У
˭Ѧʵ
˭ҪҪҪĳŵˣ
׵˵˵꣬Ԭħڵ˳
ʵڵһ֪ͷħʱԲ죡
Ѧϣ֮ǰԹǵô˵˵ֻҪӥСܹóڵ־ҵĸף
ԬΪԼĸףҲѾ첻µزˣ
Ѿ̶ȣηηȥȡĻԺҲĻˣ
ǣڸʲô
ؽʳ׵ŭˣû뵽Լ˾ȻվǱ˿СںΪ
ʵϣһɳȥ˾Ϊ˼ǸԼӶֵˣ
˳㣬ҲΪԬҵ˳׵Ϩ
û뵽ǣԬҵ˾ȻܵԹˣ
Լ常ɫѿؽҲŭգ
ǵ˵ųֺαżϾһ¹һ£ĳΪȻѦϴӦ˱ˣǾӦȰѦϵ顣ҲǶѦϵһ
ǣȻԹ˴ӦˣǾӦǣ
Ȼɴȴ˿Թᡣ
ʵ˵ףǴ˵ʵҲⶫԹ
ԣĵ˭ôأ
ǣô
ؽʿǣҲ¶һ˿̹ǵɱ
ֳڵɱΧ¶Ҳ˲½˼֡
Ѧ쿴һۣȻڰֵʣ£
ǡ
ؽʸѦ֮Ĺϵʵһֱûб¶Ƕ֪Ѧ쾹Ȼؽʵ常
ʵʱԹƫŵʱҲЩ֣
ϾԼƵ˭Ըȥأ
ʱǶĻǷҲǶŶѣ
ڿѦؽ֮ӣƺҲЩǣ
Ѧ쿴һףȻ¶һ˿ЦݵⱲӼֵһֻƢô˵ط
ǣЦԭԹᰵͨѾǺܲˣôѦѲɻҪƫȥɣԹ˵ĻӵĻʧ͸˰
׵Ļоݣ˵ҲŸоĻһ㣡
ֻһԵԬХַ򸾺ԬöŵЩҿˣ
ǰʲô涼𰡣
Ԭ֮ǰիĻǵȶҪˣ
˭˵˵ȥĻˣֱЦѦ˵
ǼȻ˵㻰Ǿ͵Ŵҵҽΰɣ
׿Ѧ죬ҲǲƵ
ѦȻвϷˣ
仰ȻףʵѦҲǳ׵ŭˣѾʼвˡ
ֻ׼Ȼ£вɣ
ѦЦ˼вҵʵ㣬Թᣬ̸вĳֻΪԬֻһӦҪֻĹѣ
СӣҶ£Ųţ
ؽҲǱ׸ĳͷˣڵĳһε޼ɵ
һѦȴûйֹΪƺѾǴĵˣ
ˣʣѦ֮ûκֵ˼ǿ׼ȷǴӦҽδˣ˲ʮأҪ׼꽫ҩʲôĶ׼ãĻ
޳ܣ
ѦѹûдҪԬХ֣
ȳֺõ飬˭Ըȥأ
ֻѦ˵ⷬ׶оһĶģһ᳤Ȼ˵޳֮ԣ
ʵ̾Ϊֹ
Ҹôܵȵôʱ䣿ԬһһЩ˻Ƶŭ
Ѧ쿴Цһôأƺطֻܾȣ
ߣԹҲˣȻԶ֮ˡȻ㲻ȣҲˣΪ¾Ȳɣ
ЦһҲһεվ˳
ֻ⻰һԹҲըˡ




3404  Ժ
 


Թһ̸оǳĴ
һļһȻԹĸ᳤˵ȻǶԹһҩʦѦϣ
ⲻǴʲô
һ˭ȻԹôţ
ԬХֵҲ˵ˣһ߯ˣѦϾ˵Ҳֻаٷ֮ʮҵ԰
ȻѦϵЩǣǿˣһҲ̫˰
ǣôȻôǾȺˣ
һʱ䣡
Թ˲ըˣȻѦܶ˾ЩϹȥ
˵ѦҲǴԹĲǣ
ײ
ҲǺ飬ԼѦǺܶ˿ף
Ϊû˳ױ֮ǰǻǳǿѦģ
𾳵ǿߣǳһѾǿúܶˣ
ο⻹һλҩʦأ
ݣһض粻ѵģ
᳤˵
׻֮ʣһ
ţһλ˵Ĵӵ֮Թ֮У
˲Ǳˣ
Թ½Ļ᳤Ժӣ
ԺӲԹĻ᳤Ϊǿƺŵų
ƺţҲǾǿĴڣ
ĻԺôܳΪһεԹ᳤أ
Ժһ¶ԹڲҲǷġ
ΪȻΪ½ԹĻ᳤ԹڲϵҲǲСġ
Ҫ˳ĹϵҲҪʱģ
ԺȻԹܲʲô紵ݶ֪ģ
ֻǸһֲµļѣ
ƺŵܲԹܲҲرԶ
׵ǰȥԹϢѾǴ뵽ԺӵĶУʱ֣ȻԼĿĵģ
ֵͦ
ԺɨһȦˣȻĿѦϣ
ѦԭԹ᳤ǳߵһˣԺ֮Ҳհܶѣ
ʵԺ֪ԼΪԹܲˣԼŶλã
ҪλãǾͱҪԼ
Ѧ죬ʵԺҪ⵹һˣδԹߣ
ԺһҲ֪Ӧôȥ⵹Ѧ죡
ԬХֵ飬Ժ֪ģĺϣԬܹ֮Ѧ죡
Ժû뵽ǣԬ֮˻ܹѦ죡
ѦʱԺӵҲǵһЦ᳤ĿǼʱ
ʵ˼Բˣ粻ƫƫʱΪ˿ԼЦô
Ѧϣʲôղű᳤֪˵Թ£᳤֪ǻĻǱ˻Ϊ᳤ǰأ
Ժ΢΢һЦһ仰֪˴˸Ѧ첻ͣ
˵ĵ˾ѣ
بŲһԣҲ׾Եһ仰
׿ԺЦһ᳤ãɲҵҪԹ£ǹЩԳֵ¸صĳЩ˲Ҫ

Ѧ쿴ףһֻѾ˦˳
һ˶ӡ׵ķϮƺҪԹһ㣡
ֲ˹
ǿһȴҲʯƾģ
ֻȴ˿ûбõ˼վǱ˿
һԵֵ˽ŲѣʱҪȴѾˡ
¡
ӡҪ׵һɲǣһΪǿֱӻסף
ӡǴ޻һֱɢ֮У
᳤ˣҪ˶ԸԹˣ
ѦԭѾѿһ˿ЦþֱӻɱҲΪ
Сʵ̫ţƾųײԼһһǧҲΪˣ
û뵽ǣȻԺӶ־һ
ܻ
Ѧɫһӱʮֵѿ
ԺӴ˿ҲЩȣԭΪѦ춯֣Сӿ϶ŵʧɫ
ôҲû뵽һﾹȻ䲻˿
üͷûһ£
СӾǸﰡ
Ժһ˲͸һ塣
׿Ժ΢΢һЦȻѦΪʲô㵱ϻ᳤һԭˣĳŷ᳤֣ǻ᳤һ᳤ĸ־ûл᳤˼ػԹڰܻԹ
֪
ԺӴ˿̿ףȷԼһδ棬û뵽˾Ȼϵ޷죡
Сƺ֪ԼҪõʲôһ㣡
ԺӸоһģʱҲǫ˵Сѿˣ᳤һЩ֮¶ѣСѿ˵˵׷ʲô˰ɣûи֮ǰǾԲԩһˣҲԲݹϢκһܻԹ֮ˡ




3405  ӲѦ
 

һһͣ
׺ԺӸγɵĬѦҲɫ
һԵؽȻŭ˿ȴѾǲˣ
Ͼ
ԹᣬټԺӵͷһѦ常Σ
᳤ǻ᳤
У᳤ǷǳţĴڡ
ֻؽô룬Ѧɲô룬ȻԺӶȡ˻᳤֮λ
أѦԹỹ൱ĻȨġ
ԺܰԼôأ
ԹڣܵԼݵ˲֪Щ˿Ѧ֧ߣ
Ѧ˵޿֣
᳤˹ȻǺǰһԹṫȻڮ᳤˵Ӧô죿
ѦƤĹǷǳģؾ˵
ֱӽһε˦ԺӣԺЩֲ
Ҫ֪Ժƫ׵˵ĻȻһʱ֮죬ʧȥĽԹģ
д£ԺӲ᲻صʵʱһεĽĿס
׿Ժӵӣ¶һ˿ЦѦ᳤ĻῪЦǵĵ̣Ȼ۸ˣ˵ȥ±Цοҵ۸˸߸ϵѦ᳤
գ
Ϭķ
ԺӶ׷־һĿⰡһһֽΪ֪ĸо
С̫ԼƢ˰ֱԼĻ׳棡
·ԼֻҪһۣһܹ˵ԼҪĻһ㣡
ԺӹһЦλֹԼǣѦ᳤ԹᶼҪ۸ĻԹľܹˡˣֹӼȻ֮ˣǱ˵˵ɡ
֮Ҳ̸ϣ᳤ĳҲӥСӵĳԱ˵ӦҲԹӻİɣ
׿Ժӳֻ˵һԺҲˣ
ӥСӣ
˵ⲻǼǰΪӲѦ죬Ԭ֮˳С
ʱӥСӵİ
Ժ˵СӣȻԵĶ飬ȻԹıΧ֮ڡ
Ȼ᳤˵᳤ӦҲ˵ԬХ˰ɣΪ˾ѵĸףӥСðΣȥΧɱһֻħõѦ᳤˵ڵֻȻ˵ˡ
׿ԺӣҲЦһ
ˣܣԹḱ᳤˵ȥĻܳ
Ժӿףҡҡͷһ·Ѧһ㣡
Ϊ᳤֪Ѧ᳤͵Ļ»Ļˡ
ŵĻ᳤λԶŵѦ᳤
ʵһιǴѦĻţ˳Ҳǽǵˣ
Ͼ޿ܶҪΪ
ǵȻʵֻһ㣬ǿɶǶĵͷߡ
ںܶ飬ǶָƵģ
һȺˣܶҪ˳ֺܶˡ
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᳤ˣѦĳȻӦˣȻҪȵġֻҩĲȫҪȫ˻֪Ҫȵʲôʱء
Ѧ쿴Ժӣ̲˵
ҩĲȫȻûȱ£ʱͲҪţڸ˵ҩĲȫûи˵Ĳ໹µʱ䣬ڸ˵ꣿֱЦԹ治֪˵ôԹĸ᳤ģ
׵Ҳ
ʵϣ
׵Ҳ൱ţģֻѣ
ɽ磬׵һ仰ɽ綶
ټôĵϢ֮ȷǴŲµζ
Ժӿ˷ʣҲϲѣѦôⶪǶ˰
ЩԺҲ˵ĳ˵
ǰһֱԼ֪֪
㡭Ѧŭһ
׿Ѧ쵭˵᳤ߣƺ᳤ֲߺİɣ㽫᳤ںδĳ˵һΣȻû£һ±ˣĳԼΣ
ѦסˣԺסˣֵҲסˡ
֮ǰô˵һΪǴ̼ǰһġ
ײֹһε˵˳ǾЩˣ
Ѧƺץסʲôöһ㣬˷ܵĿ׵ΣֱЦƾ
Ҳǿ
״ʱȥ첻µزµ֣
úúãС㻹ְϷС档βֵΣ
ѦҲŭˣ˵һпܣ
ԬХ֣ǾԲʲôһܹõģ
ǰëͷСӣôҲҩʦ
εúΣֱӶţ
βãҪѦ
һЦĳһƣɼѪ⡣ĳκˣǾѦ᳤ԹȥΣ
ã
ѦŭһҲֱİ
ԭһ֣ڱøӵˡ




3406  ǵ
 


Թ֮У
ԭַǷĴһ˲ܶ˶𾪵Ŀף
Ҫ֪һ˵ȥĻǵھڶ
һĪǷ˰˵ԬХֵĲʮֵĸӰ
֮ǰһ˵ԬХֳѦԳ֣ҪȻ϶ˣ
ǰѦϿɲԹĸ᳤ҩʦ˵ҲŵϺŵİ
ֻϧһǸͷ࣬ʲôţ
ɣһôճԹµģûмк³ģ
һȺ˿ףǵ֮ҲǱһ˿ͬĿ⣡
ԬХֵ飬ʵԹ֪Ҳ
Ϊ˶֪ڲľ棡

׾ȻаѦϣǲʲôأ
Ѧ϶оĲκã
һڶһûУƾʲôأ
ΪĹúܶ˶׶֮Աǣ
һߣ
ֺҲǾ㵵ĿףǸоǷˣ
ԬХֵĲ˲֪ǿ֪һġ
ʱԬХֱ̧Թʱ򣬾档
ǸʱԹܶҩʦѾһؾˣѦվĻԬХѾǱȷˣ
ѦȻӣɱϾֻһ˻ᰡ
ʵǲܹԬХ֣ԭΪֻ˵˵ѣ
˭룬һԹ͸Ѧϸأ
ֹӣ㡭ĪҪЦ
Ǵ˿ҲʮֵĽţһĵĸףʵҲ׵˶ע
û뵽һȻһ˲Ҫ
֪Ļģʱһ·ء
·ûˣȴһεĵˣ
һԸǵҲ˶٣ָܹȳԼء
һ˵״̬½Ҫˡ
ֿҲǳֹӣô
ﲻ˽ĳʵ
׵˵˵ԬХֵĲȷһЩɻûе޲ߵĵزء
ڶ˵ֻǶһѣ
ּ۵ֹӣ˿ţɾԲԸ׳Դģ
ҲǼ˵ֹӣҾԼǣԬХֵĲҿǱ˭Ҫġ
Σ
׿Ǻ֣Ҳǵʵ
㡭ôôʶİ
ҲЩŭˣһﻹǲֺ˰
ԼȰҪ嶯ڷǱһˣ
΢΢һЦѲڻʲôõİ취ô
ûûУ΢΢ҡͷûкõİ취뿪ӳ鰡µʱԹĴŶȥ
֡ǰǵѾˣΪİǣˣⱲĶȥġ
ԬʱףҲЩⲻȥˣ
˼ΪԼĸףȻҪȥˣԼô죿
ϣ˸мܸʲôأ
΢΢һЦԬﲻˣĳҲɵӣûһţȻҲ˵Ļ
ţ㻹Ű治֪ŵǴʲôطģ
ֿףҲһɸֵӡ
ʱһȻЦĳ̬Ĳһĺð
ֻڵЩһǲǸˣ
׸κεİ취ܹԬХָγɹġ
ֹӣף˰ɣ
ǿףҲ޻˵ˣڳڴ漣֮⣬ڴʲôأ
ֱ漣漣ôóĻǾͲ漣ˣ治֪Ϊʲôӡ
ֵģһΪ
ʱѦҲһҲ˻
Ժü׵ֹӣȷҪôôԬХֵƱ᳤Ҳǿġ
ʵԺô˵ȫڰˣȻü˵ʲôˣ
ܹʱ˵ĻѾǹˡ
΢΢һЦ᳤ĳҲҩʦ
ŶֹҲҩʦֹ֪ʲôҩʦԺҲµʵ
ЦŵûĲĳԼҽЩŵģ
ãȻֹԼÿԣǱ᳤аɣ
ԺҲ΢΢һЦ֮ҲһĲ
ʵǺϲǰԼƢļһġ
ֻû뵽ôһ˾ȻҪˣȻ˵Լҽ
ԺӸ֪ѦʵǰⲡǿҪѦʵ˲ܹƵġ
һļһѦҽ
ʲôʼɣ
ѦƺѾǼˣҪһţ




3407  ʼ
 

᳤Ϊĳ׼һƧ֮Σ
׿ԺӣҲ΢΢ֵ
ԺȻҪ׵һкˣȻףҲȫûϣ
СĸԼ漣أ
ĻСӾԼĸǰ
ԺɨһȦΧ֮Ȼȥѱ᳤Ϣֹ֮ڳκ˲߶ţ
ǣ᳤ˣ
֮ȥˣʱĳ˹ȥ
ȥıӰѦһʲô
ԺӿѦЩ۵ӣҲ֪һ˵Ŀɲλֹӣпָܾɣһ㣡
Ҷ׬ģˣɱһɱѦ磡
Ӯ˵ĻǾɨƽԺԹϰ
ԺӿѦ죬ҲǹһЦܸǵأСֹҲҩʦ֮ˣѦλҩʦǰô˵ҲЯЯЩҴƴĺ󱲰
᳤ǻ˵
Ѧ֮˸ܵĶһ
̫ŭˣ
û뵽һϣһСආȻ˵ĶԴԼ
ȵһĻȻҪһﳢһʲô˼ζ
ѦΪֹӲУԺӵһЦ
Ѧ컹δ˵һԵؽѾվ˳᳤ĳΪһﲻǻȡѣֱһ
᳤Ѧ̸ʲô˵ʸô
Ժ֪ؽʸѦ֮Ĺϵ˵һʵֱӴѦˣ
ѦɫĿؽʵʣԹĹᣬȻԳԵġ˵ġ
ǣѦϣ
ؽԭһѦϵһҲȥ˲ٵ֮ɫ
ֻǻƺôҲ֮ȥ
Ժӵ˵˵棬ǿɡѦϰһҪˡ
ߣԺʲô˼
Ѧû뵽ԺŴԼѲΪԼԹˣ
ԼĶŭĻԺӿҲóԱ񣡣
ԼĲԹˣֻҪԼһ죬ȻܹԺʹ
ԺЦһѦ죬᳤ʶѣ㼱ʲôΪһ˱Ժܹô
úúãԺӣƣ
ѦŭһҲǱĿ·һκεĹ
ֻ˭֪Ѧһ㣡
ʵѦѹûԼ⣡
ԬХֵǱ˭ҪģҲΪžֵĸܿĺõģ
ΪŵĻɵ˰ĸһģ
һôһҩʦ͸ӲҪ῰Լҩʦˣ
ı
˵ղŵıĻôڵѦˣ
ԼѾȵʤˣ
䣿
ֵѾûˣ
ǺִʱѾǽŵЩ˵ˣֻܹ漣ķˣ
ֶҪһ֮Щģ
ѲƨԼҪԼײô
֮Ҳǳһ˿ԥ֮ɫ
Թ᳤Ϣڣ
ټĿռֻڴϵԬХָˣ
ʵϣ
ԬХִʱѾЩҪˣΪ׸εúԼģ
֮ǰԼĶӺŮʶ׵Ĺ̡
õĹԬХֶ׵ʵҲЩ塣
ʵǿҩʦͬ
ļһôҩ˵츳أ
ο֮ǰѦϵĻΪģ˵ԹֻһܹԼ
һ뵽ߣԬХʵ̲ס̾һ
ֹӡԬХҪ˵Щʲô׿ԬХֵ˵Ԭ壬ϢѾǷǳˣ˵ûκε洦
ֹӣԬĳһӣ
ԬХԭкܶ໰Ҫ˵ǿŵ
ЩҲ˻ȥ
׿ԬХֵ˵ֻҪɼɣĲҪκε飡
ţлֹӣԬХֵͷ
ԬХֵͷ֮ʣоһԼ˰֮У
ԼԬХֺبڰУ
ţ
Ʊó˼ƣһɱѾǽԬХָסˣ
֮
һȣֱ֮ӽУ
׵֮ӹһ˿ŵĹâ
һεĻԭ֮ڵѸٵĽ뵽ԬХֵڣŴһ˿Ļ֮
Ż֮ռ䣬׵ƿʼˡ




3408  ԬХֵ
 

ʱ
׵֮ڣ֮Ѿȫռ
ԭ֮еǲϵĳԬХֵţ
ҩǲҪʯһ㣡
֪ҪĽ͵ﴦ޸ҪĿɾͲǼ򵥵Ļָˣ
ǽԬХȫȫһ飡
Ҫĵҩ֪ˣ
л֮İʡȥ˲ٵ鷳
ĻոսԬХֵڣѵ֮оͳȥˣⲻùô
׵ľηЩǿԼʵסԬХֵͬ
õĲʵǻ֮
ЧҪʵҪ̫̫ˣҪκ֧š
ټ㹻ĵҩĻ˵׵ĳɹʱ⣡
ֻԬХֲ֪ѦȻҲ֪׾Ȼ֮ɣ
Ѧ϶Ϊ׾޿ܾγɹģ
ΪǿΪ֧ţûҩʦĻĻҲ޿ܳɹ
Ѧ죬ΪʲôԬХ֣
ʵǾ֮͵Ļֺι̬أ
ʵЩ̫ˣ˵ģⵤҩһ˾Щ᲻ˣ
ڸղʹóĵҩ¼ֵѾǹˣ
ʲô
Ϊ˾һԴӵСආѦҪѹڵʯȥȣ
ѦΪԼˣĻԼ϶ôģ

Ŀ棬ϸ΢Ĺ۲ԬХÿһ磡
Ѿ׵һôˣνɣڵ׵ҲǼġ
һȥ
ԬХԭĿ־ҲѾʧˣȡ֮һڴ֮ɫ
ôʱ䣬ԭΪδ
Լľ״̬ԭԽãѾǸоԼ֮Ĵڣ
Ҫ֪֮ǰĵ𣬼ѾǸܲ뾭֮ϵ˰
ڵܵҸӸܵԼĻָٶȲϵļӿ죡
һ̣ܲ
ܹţ˭Ըȥأ
ֹ֡ӣ⡭Ҹоöˡ
ԬХϥ΢΢˫ۿףˬ
΢΢һЦİԬ壬ȻĳӦ㣬ȻʳԵġοҲǹغĳǣ
֡ǰҩʦ
ԬХֿ׸ǰһذɫҲ۲ѵ˵
˵ʵ
ҩʦְҵǿǷַǮְҵ
Ѱ֮˼ЩʣһҲѡҩʦ·
Ͼûеʵͱ˭ô찡
׿ԬХԬ壬ѾĽ׶ΣһĳὫеѹĵ֮УʱܹͻƵķʽָĻǾˣ
κһεͻƣڵ˵һ
ʵϣ
ԬХֵʵҲǲˣڣ
ȻˣڶνҲһСආѡ
ͻƣ
ԬХֿףҲǵɴ۾ʵ
׺ݺݵĵͷһԵڱըһγʵĺûᣬ˵㻹лܹʾıأҲҪˡ
ʾ
ԬХֵĺ֮зһ๾˵ʵ˵ǱˣԼҲ׵Ļ
ڵ׾Ȼ˵ܹͻƵʾ
ʾ
ԬХⱲľ簡
׿ԬХֵӣҲ΢΢һЦڣͷİɡ
أ
׻䣬üͷһΧָӵʿһ㣬ֱȫӿ뵽ԬХֵڣ
ԬХ־һ˹ɽһ㣬ֱӴӵ͹ϵ˸߷壡
ȵѹ뵤֮Уֱԭĵƣ
˻֮֮ʵԬХֵõĺôǿɲһǰ㰡
ֻ֪һеô¶ѣ
ͻˣ
ԬХָû뵽ԼԷ֮Լĵ֮ͱŷһž
ᣬһα֮֮ǰĵƺҪӵļӲ
ͻƺʻƽ̹·ѹһСʯͷѣ

ԬХһε뵽Լѭ֮У
ʱһһĹȥʵҲۿɼٶȲϵ
ԬХԼ¶ţ
ſڣһȡ
һҩѾǻһ⻮Ļ뵽ԬХֵС
ڼ
ܿ죡
ԬХһεĸܵһɰԼĵﴦըѣһα֮֮ǰҪܶ࣡
Ҳóƻʵĵҩ˵ԬХõˣ
ôˣԬХֵҲǿдһˣ
¡
һ޴ĺԬХִ˿Ѿվ
ֻʱ֮֮ǰѾǲͬնˡ
ʾǿߣǱһ˵ĸо
ͬʱ
Ҳ¶һ˿Цݣ˹ȥ
ԬХֻȦ״̬֮УȻ˵ĻúõӦһɣ




3409  ƵԺ
 

Դ֮У
׺ԬХֽȥʱҲǷǳĳԺӺѦƺǸˣ
˿ڵȴŽ
Ȼ˱˵ĵݣ֪ǳļ֣
һ׳ɹˣǶѦ˵Ǿ޴Ĵ
ȻѦ쿴Ϊǲܳɹģ
׽ȥʱԽԽЩĵˡ
ֵʲô
ʵϣ
ֵǾ׵֭ţ
Ѧ춼оЩԼ׸ǲһȷѡ񣿣
ټѦǰ֮˸ʶ
Ҳǵһ
Ѧ첻֪˵ĵϸһǴأ
Խô룬Ѧڴ˿̷ԽԽˣ
ǶǺԬǾͲ˵ˣǵĽſ˿κ˵ġ
Ϊ˵ֻǿֶѣǶ˵׵ĳɰܹϵ˵ɾ̫̫ˣ
ˣ
۷׷׵ʱ򣬲֪˭һ䣬ƣҲ˳
һεľΣҲǺķ˲ٵ
Ȼû̫˽ǣҲûָ첻
ৣ
һ̣еĿⶼۼ׵ϣ
һôԼһ˳ˣĪʧˣ
ҲղŻһƨģھˣ
ǰʧ˰
Ҿ˵Ѧˣˣûܹ߳ԹģҲ⣡
ԹĴ֮У
һȺָָĿףʱҲ໥²⣡
ԬХûиһҲޱģǾԼĲ²϶ǶԵˡ
ֹӣˣðɣ
Ժʵ˭żȴûֱʽǿʵ
ţл᳤ģĽ
׿ԺӣҲǹһӵ
ֹӣЩ㻹̫嶯˰ԬХǵҪѶȿ֪˰
ԺӿףҲ΢΢һ̾
ղһǲô嶯Ļ϶˵ġ
ںڰһĭһڶģҪֹҲǲܵġ
ԹᣬΪ᳤ȻӵĻԼ᳤ͲҪˡ
Ժ˵ȻʧˣǷǳ͵ġ
ô˵ֵʧˣ
ѦԺӺ׵죬ҲǹЦ
ʶȥɨһȦԬХֵǺǻ
Ҫ̽ԬХ֣Ҳ̽ӲС
ĻֻҪײ룬Ѧ㲻֪ԬХֵǻ
ʧΣѦ죬ӮһСմմϲǶԹ棡
ԺѾѦ˺ȻҲκεĿ
ȨʱԺôʱ򻹹˼ʲôأ
ǺЦĺܣ᳤ĪҪˣɣ
ѦҲǰԺ˱׵ӣҲһˬ
ֻڵ˵ŪֵСӲ
ĻǸ˶ԹԼԺԼԹỹʲôſԣ
ˣӮֻҪ뿪ԹᣬΪʲôֹ˾ҪأѦ죬Ȳʤȯǰ£ȻһСĳΪͬŶеʮֵı
ԺʵҲˣʱǰʵԾĹ
ѦС˵־ӣҲǷǳĲˬ
Ȼ˺ˣͲҪڸʲôˣ
οԺ˵ĻҲǾģ
Ѧ첻ʵǿڶעҲռơ
˼˾Σգ˲ŲѼѣ
ԼӦģֲñˡԺӣ䲻ĻǴɲԼһСѣҲô¡
Ѧ쿴ԺӣǷ̼ˣ
㡭Ժӵɫʮֵѿһ΢΢̾һϵܣӹ˽٣Ժ綨Ȼ㣡
ҲԺӣʵҲ֪Ժôбݵĳɷ档
ҲǴλ᳤֮иܵһ֮⣡
ѦԼԺȻҲúӸԤ
ˣҪ߼ʵˣ챾ȻҪķǳѿҲЩ˿ѦԵ³ʲô
ѦɨһۣһεĽĿԺӵϡ
ɳӰ
仰ʵ˵Ժġ
ԺӴ˿Ҳǻһ᳤˵ıǿ벻̰
ߣ˭ʧˣѦģҪʧˣѾȻˣ
׿ѦҲǲмЦһ
ֻһֱԺӵ˸߻أһӻزˡ




3410  Ѧ
 

𾪣
Թһţ˶ǾֵĿף
Ѿˣ
֮ǰЩѾΪʧܵ˵ǾԲԽܵһʵ
˵ֱǸܵ飡
Ѧؽʴ˿̿ףҲһãȻĿףɻıʵͿԿóǵĻš
ѦţΪֱ޻̸֮
ѦϣһﾹȻ˵ԼԬХָκˣⲻǳô
ؽʿѦ죬ҲǿЦ˼о֮Щʧķˡ
ѦҲЦһҪǲκˣ
Ȼô˵ѦԱ֮֮ǰҪ˺ܶࡣ
ԭ
Ѧ˵κԬХֵĻ˵ɾǾ޴Ĵ
ԹᱻѦѳ꣬Ȼ᲻÷ˡ
˵Ļ˵ֵԼԺҲԲԼˡ
ܹԹְĻ֮ǰԼһֽ֮ͻᱻ˸߽ˣ
ⲻѦҪľ棬һƺѾ˿ܣ
׵ıһԡ
ѦѾ·ˣûۼ֤£Բ˵ģ
һԵԺ׵ĻԭȻıһҲ
ʱףŹһ㣡
֡ϵܣ˵ģ
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˵ĳɹˣɾһ񰡣
᳤ǲŵĻԬԬڵԼ״̬ܻҪһᡭ
׿ԺӣҲ΢΢һЦ
֡ǰҡҸĺ𣿡
ԬʱҲǼץ׵֣һӱЩ״ˡ
һԵҲǵɴ۾ףоһƺЩһ㣡
κԬХֵĻ˵˴ҩҲһŰ
һ뵽ߣԭʧ֮һҲǼ
䣡
ָоڿһһִĸо
׿һԬЦŵˣİɡ
û˵ûп֮ǰҲײ˵ˡ
ŵӣҲ˾޴Ĳ
һܹĻôϣľ˰
ԺӹЦȻĻǻǽԬХָɣľҪָʤ
ߣԺӣ㻹Ϊһô
ѦʵĲţҪ֪ԬХֵĲ鼴ҲЩġ
ǰһ￴ȥһҩʦҩʦôʵģ
ɻ󲻵ѦУʵԺӵҲǲȷһеǲġ
Ľûг֮ǰһлҪһЩĺã
ǿûлͷ
Ѧ컹ԺӣһԵףǶѾ·ˣ
Ѧ죬ʲô᳤ϵܣϾƭǵıҪô
Ժ˼ȥʱƭ˵Ļû壡
ԣʱʵѾЩˣ
Ȼ֪׵ʲôķԬХ֡
ɶԺ˵õʲôطֻҪӮˣǾӮˣ
ΨһεľӮȻѦԹᣡ
һĻͿԳ׵ѦԹµĶ
úúãҪԬХֵǲĺˣ
ѦҲŭһ֮ʣ
һӰѾ룬˲䣬еĿⶼ˵ϣ
ԬХ֣
һ˵ĸǰûһ㣡
ǴҶ֪ȥƵĻȫһԴˣ
ֹ֡ӣûԺԬХֹӵˣ
ԬХִʱҲǼѣҲǺȻ¹
ԬХֻδ£ͱ׸Ԭֺα˵ĿԭĳҪģֻѦļȻӦˣȻ͵ˡֻû뵽˾Ȼ˵Ĳѡ
˿̣
Ѧ쿴ԬХ֣Ҳһ嵽ԬХֵĸǰ
ľٶܿ챻ԺӸסˣ
ѦʶȴֱԺӣֱӽԬХȫ
ֻǺܿ죬ѦɫѾǱˣ
塭常⡭һôܡ
ؽҲ𾳵ǿߣҲǷеĲԾ
ΪԬХ֮ǰֻڵʵû뵽ھȻʾڣ
ңȫûһ˿һ˵ļ
֮ǰȣֱ˰
ʱѦҲǸоǰһڣؽʷţ¶Щʧ̬ˣ
ܣܣⲻܡ
Ѧʧķģ׺ԺӼͬʱЦ
ʱҲѾѦķһεĿ˹ȥ




3411  յؽ
 

ѦоԼˣ
һëͷСӣȻκԬХ֣
˵һγصĴοһ˼ʱʱ䣡
Ҫ֪ĻҪʱſԣ
һܹٷ֮ٵı֤һԳɹ
أ
һﲻɹˣоµǣԬХֵʵ
ԬХֵʵֱӴʾĳڡ
ȾϵĿԽҲɵ˵ġ
ܣ
һεѦоԼȫ׵ϣǰ֣ܵ
ܽܣ
Ѧܽһʵϳ˺âܶأ
Ҳ̸ģԺҲԲʱֵģ
ԬХֺö˶˵վǱߣһʱԴҲǳ׵ķˣ
⡭һİԬХκˣ
ҵ谡Ļôʵǡ
ֹҪ֪ѦǿҩʦҲﰡ
ڿԺԹҪ˰ǻǸϽվӰɣ
һȺ˿ȳҲǳ׵ķˣ
漣
ôҲû뵽ν漣Ȼʱĳˡ
һĿɿڴӣֺǸǼѡ
ԭѾǳ׵ʧȥϣӲĽǴӱıԵ˻
ԺӴʱҲǼЩôҲû뵽Լ֣˼ȴôһ
ѦԹ뿪ôˮˡ
ԺҲƲסԼЦݣЦ˼Ѧ죬Ըķ䣬ղ˵ġԬХѾκˣôѦ᳤ǲҲӦԼŵأ
˿̣
ҪȥѦʲôԺѾǿʼˣ
ǱҪż̫̫ˣ׸ղôʵȫΪ
һݶ飬ԺӲܲģ
ݶ鵽ô죬ԺӻûþΨһ뷨ѦԹᣡ
Ժӣ㡭
ѦĲһѪһ񰡣
ôҲû뵽ԼľӪôʱԹᣬȻСӵϣ
ܸģ
ѦֱתҪʲô᣿
һʱĲ֪Ӧôˣ
ΪѦڵ˼άѾǵ˻ҵĵزˣ˵ĳټԺӵĴ̼׵ˡ
ˣһԵؽȴûң
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Ѧ쿴ؽ˸ӣҲüʵ
ؽʳ뿪ԹᣬҲǵʧֺαأ
ʲô
Ѧ쿴ؽʣҲһεĺ
Ϊ֪Լؽ֦ͬģԲʱԵ޹ʵ˵Ļ
ҪʼŻˣ
ؽʵĿֱǵϣһʼѾǿǵı仯
ȷѾǱֵĸˣȻʲô
һǿ϶ģڵǾԲԼˣ
֮ǰɳԼĶӸȥץֵģôҲû뵽˾ȻԼ߹ݣ
û뵽ǣֵĲ߹ݳɹһԼ常Ƶ˵ľ
ǿ벻̣
ȻԼ常ôӣôҲҪŻҪܸʲô
Թ᲻Բڲǹϵ顣
ԺҪףҲԲʱվȻֶڲɣ
ǣ㱳ҶţԹҪŻ
ؽΪ𾳵ǿߣʵǷǳǿġ
ƣǾ͸оһɪɪ
Ϊؽʸһˣ
ľܣӸѾǶţӥСӡ
׿ؽʣҲǵ˵
ߣֱЦŻδͬ£ţǱͽȻͽǱ
ؽʸףȻڸղǼûа취֡
ôҪһֱŪˣ
ǣ
øؽһ֪Ψһһˡ
ҪĲ׾ͶֵĻǵʵҪԺѾЩʵˡ
գ
һ̣ؽʵѾǿڹˡ
ԺӴʱҲüͷҲû뵽ؽʾȻһţ
ؽųȻӸѾ˱Զ飬ƺûȨ
᳤ÿŶԼĹءΥŵĹأҶźӥСӵ顣ؽʳ
ҪΣԺʵ
ؽЦһҪܼ򵥣ңʹ˽ĻҶӥСӲݡ




3412  Ӧս
 

Թ֮У
һȺ˽ĿؽʵϣѦѾûκζֵĿˣ
Ϊʲô
ΪԹĸ᳤ڴǿжֵĻԺӾͿʬˣ
ϾڵѦѾԹˣ׵ӥСӣԹᱣġ
ԹỹһأǱԹڲìԶ֮Լ
вԹȶͰȫ£ĻԹǲԳֵģ
涨ԭҲԹΪ˱һЩ鷳ƶġ
οǶŵҪɱӥСӵĻԹʸˡ
Ϊ漰ǵ飬Ժӷǲܲˣ
һδƽһ
ԺĿؽʣϣһܹʶʱ
֪ؽʸѦĹϵһ㣬ؽʾȻѦΪ常
Ժ֪ؽʾԲܷŹôõһģ
϶Ҫô˵潫ѦӸһ
׵ҽȷԺû뵽ģʵȥǺǿ
˿̣
ֿŶؽʣҲŭ
ҲɵӣҲҲ֣ΪЩ⣡
ΪڵĵӻΪ˵ˣܹԹ£
һԼµĻôʱǾͻΪԹĹУ
Բϣ顣
ֹӣģӴԸӥСӵģҲΥ򣡡
ֿףҲǳΪѾЩ˽׵Ըˡ
һһֱǱȽϵ벻һһɿھʹӦˡ
֪һҪսʤؽʣǲܵ顣
ֹӣŸûôĹأؽʲڹҲ磡
ǿףҲǶݺݵĿؽʵ
ؽһǶŵų˵Ļǹءǣɱˣ˿ɶڱϣʶĹԹԵĹϸһܹһ
ޣؽСˣҵļвʲôӢۺú
һԼļˣҲһ
ǣ㲻ҪǱûʲôÿˡֵģֻ·ѡ
ؽʿףҲЦһ
һԵѦһҲǶݺݵĿףȻһԵؽʵ˽
·ĳû·
׿ؽʣҲǵʵ
ղû常˵ڱ·һԼˣһǾǱ졣ֻڶѡĻǿҪǳʹˡ
ؽʿףĿ֮Ҳ͸һӲ̵ʵ
ô˵ôѡһˣ׿ؽʵʵ
ȱ飬˿Ŷһƣ
ͷˣһȻ˵ĵѲͲô
һﵽ˭ôôţ尡
ǰؽʺôҲ𾳵ǿߣһȻüͷһ£
ҿһﲻҪǱ߳أӦѾǺˣ
һʵ᲻ҲǿϾҽɲǴİ
ʵôжʵǿҲ𾳵ǿ߰ɣ
Թ֮УֵҲǲסķһС
˵һεֿĵȷǷǳĹ񫡣
ѦԶĵĳ棬һǿ¶Ѧ֮ǰ־ıˡ
ֹƣԹǸؽһٸӣҲҶ֣
ֿףҲǳ
ԺҲǵ˵˭ǸԹᶯ֣Ǳӱ᳤
Ժӣ㻹ǲҪѦҾͲܴһӲôͷڹꣿ
˵ͷڹ껹ܵʲô常һҾ͵һ꣬һǧҾ͵һǧꡣһͲˣӳҵָɽɣ
ֹӣȽȥɣˡ
ԺӿؽʣȻò֣Թ˵ġ
ܲñ˵Ĵ̼ˡ׿Ժӵ˵
ֹӣĪ嶯
Ժһ׵Ļ֪һҪʲôˡ
һҪȥؽʵĻԼ뾡취Ҳһ˰
ν嶯ħ仰ԣ
ӴӴӴͷڹ겻ͷ˰
ؽϣľ״Ӧ֮һ㶼ɣ
޷壬ݣ
׿ؽʣĿ֮͸һɱ




3413  Ȱ˵
 

ž
׵ļԹᶼ˾֮̾У
ĴӦˣ
˶ŵĿһؽʺѦ죬ƺҲû뵽һӦ
Ҳڵ
˵ʵ
֮ǰһΪһ϶Ҫͷڹġ
Ͼ˶֪ؽһ׼˵·һˡ
ֻû뵽һﾹȻӦˣҴӦ˵ˬ졣
ֹӣ㡭ǡ
ԺԭҲΪ׸ܴӦģ˭ûȥأ
һһεĵ߸ǵ뷨һȻĴӦˡ
ԺӾ̫嶯ˣԹ᲻
Ժ飬ԺӾõʱ취
ڴӦĻǿɾǿûлͷˡ
ʱ򣬼ԺҪ취ǲ̫ˡ
ô˵棬ʲô취أ
׿Ժӣ΢΢һЦĳվҲο¹˭δ֪𣿡
ߣ㻹ǺŰڶ޷㣡ʱ֮㲻ֵĻһͷβͷڹ꣬
ؽƺԸκηڵĻᣬֱŭһȻﳤȥ
Ѧؽ뿪һȺֵ˲ҲǸǳŶ޷ķ򼲳۶ȥ
֣ǾǿϸһҲԲ۵ġ
ԭַǷԹ֮䵹Щյĸоˡ
֮У
ԺӿףҲǳСѣ̫嶯ˡؽʵʵ֪
𾳳ڣȷǺܲ
׿ԺӣҲЩ˵
κֻҪ𾳣Ǿһ۲۵ĳˡ
ؽԼĶ֣ȴҲûпȥ
ֿ׼æ㡭Ȼ֪𾳣ôӦأĪʵѾԽ𾳳˲ɣ
ǰĳҲҪϵ⣬Īʵ
ԺӾò̫ܣһʵǿҲܱԼǿɣ
ᣬôӵǿʵأ
ݸһЦȻĳʾȴҲûһսĿԡ
ͣ
ЦˣЦЩ죡
һԵԺ΢΢ҡͷϵܣ㻹氡ʾ𾳸ҪԽսǲܵ顣
ֱӵս𾳣ɱԭΪһʵأڿһͷβķӰ
ѾӦˣѲڻȥˣɣ
׿ֵӣҲЦ椵ͦԼġ
־Ȳȥ£Ǽһﲻ뿪ֱ˲ô˭ʶ˭
ֵһʮΪϣҲһѡ
Ժӿֵλ֮ӹȻҪǱӵҪϵûˣǿɾûжɽʱˣ
᳤ĹģĳˡֻĳȻӦˣȻͲӣҲĳķ񣡡
׿Ժӵ˵
ǺԬХֵһԶ֪ôȥȰοˡ
ԺӴʱףҲ΢΢ҡͷȻϵѡĳҲ޻˵ֻϣϵܽҹĳѾԻ
һ
׿ԺӣҲǺݺݵĵͷ
ܿ죡
ױתǵˣǿ׿ԼҲǹֹӣҪ
ȥ޷壬δ֮ǰĳӦ־ȳԼ޶ĳȻҲ˵㻰
׿ǣҲǵ
⡭ֹӣһлǵ˵ɡǳ
׹һЦЩʱ֮ҲĻᣬƩ˵һؽ֮ľսʵϾǾȳ޶õĻ᲻𣿡
⡭ȷҲǣ
ǲòϣȷõĻᡣ
ʱȻžȳԼ޶һӶ֪Ӧôȥлˡ
Ǿͱ·ɣǰȥӪԼ޶ʱĳţǾԹ棬Σ
׿ǣҲЦʵ
ֹӣأ֮ĳϸ޷壬ֹͬˣ
Ҳһԥ֮ˣ֪˵ǶԵģοﲻκεæ
ȥһԼ飬ǺһЩ
ҪȥֿףҲüʵ
ȻҪȥӺɷνΪǸղŲȥӦأ׿ֵǵĿ⣬ҲЦŵ
ǿԼͽôͷ࣬Ҫˣ
ֿףҲǺ޺޵˵
ʦϲľƢأһˣ
׿ֵӣҲǿЦ˼ȻʧԹ֮С




3414  ŵؽ
 

޷壡
ʱĶ޷ɽ˺Թĺܶ˶Ǹϵߣ
ֿνǼΪĺ
ǿҪֵ飬úܶҲ˷ܲѡ
ټǸصߣúܶ˶һͷˮ
ԣҲҪһѦѿ֮ǲǻл
ôԺҪһˣ
޷ϣ
ѦؽվǱߣ֮˶˾ط
ؽʸֶ˴ŵĶǱϢ
常ˣģ콨һһĽ
ؽʿѦ죬Ҳ΢΢
˵ʵ
ûѦЩ޷˵İĻǶſͱ˸ǲˣ
οԭҲǶǳ飬ڲؽѦƨɣ
ؽԼҪԼƨˣ
Ѧߣһﵽ׸ҲһأˣǶȻҪĺѿ
ܵģǼһʮ㣬Բܲģ
ؽԼ˵۹ҲǷǳ׼ģ׿϶ǻġ
Ѧͷһﵽʲôͷ
⡭Ҳ֪ڶƺûôﰡؽҲüʵ
Ҿ´ͷ̫󣬵ʱһĴɱ˴˵ĻǴľְ֮
Ѧ֮дһ˿꣬ڵﻢ£
常ˣͷٴΣûлͷѾ̶ȣûлͷ·ˣ
ؽʿѦ죬Ҳ΢΢ҡͷȻѾ뿼ôˡ
Ѧҧҧ˵ĲһͷܴĻˣ
ǰͷ̫Ļʱ϶ݵġڻɱ֮ǰһһ˵ݵģ˵ǿ϶ûκεͷˣ
ؽҲǸɵӣʵѾǿǵˡ
ֻʲôĻԺڶǸǴ粽ˣ
һ۸˶˵ǿߣڱ˵иӵ
ˣ
ѦʱĿһԶ۶һ⣬ɫҲһεıѿ
˵ϣϣײ
ؽʵ֮˸һ˿ѪĹâһأ١
ʣҲСһЩһʵЩŹֵĺܡսκ˲֣ܲһӦĺܡ
Ѧ쿴ؽеģҲѵ
˵ʵڵģ֮ǰΪ̫Уһ˼ҵȦף
ؽʿѦ쵭˵常ˣЩ֮ˡҩ֮ȷ˷˼ᣬͻƵ𾳵ģ֮£ϡ
Ѧü˵ȻֻһʵҲ̫ġҲСһЩ
常ˣƺ˰ɣһĹģҾԲֵġ
ؽʿ׻ĳŶ޷ķ˹ӵ˷ˣ
˿̣
޷ΧҲָָĿף
ܶʵΪһؽ޷Ļᣬֱӿˣ
׵ĵҲһƬ֮
һ˰Ǹ
ͷΪ˻ô֮ǰѦ춪ôˣؽʿ϶Ҫһİ
ҵǾһﲻһͻ䣬ѲǸɵӲɣ
ҿһЩ¶ݵ֣Ҳ֣
һȺ˿վ˶޷ϣҲʼ۷׷ס
²ؼ߸߹
˵ֻǲ෹һ̸ʶѡ
Ƕԣκ顣
ˣؽˣҲһЦ֮ѡ
Ȼ¹ԹȨܸʲôأ
׵Ӱո£ԺӺֵѾǽĸ˹
վ˶޷֮ϣҲͣһɽ֮С
ԺԭΪѦҰ֮ͽˣ˭˵۶ӳأ
ڵϣܹӮȻϣʵЩã
ΪԹĻ᳤ĻԺӾԻְװƽǰؽʣ
ֵģ㻹еְؽʿףҲЦһ
׵˵һᷢҸֵģ
ƤӻǺ֪һҰˣͻܲôӲأ
ؽʿףҲЦһ
㻹ǲ˽ĳĳȻȻȫ׼Цһ
һ˵ݣĻۣʱ˵ɶûл˵ˡؽԥһѵ
ͲųˣųһԼĺ˭ɣ
׵һЦ޷潣Ѿǳˣ
ǿߣҲȫע˿Ҵ⡭




3415  սؽ
 

ˣ
׸оԼһؽʵһʶѹԼоЩˣ
׵ʶɲѰ֮˿Աģɵıؽʵʶ
ؽȻû뵽һȻôԼ
֮࣬Ҳŭɶ
ȥɣ
ؽ¶֮ɫʧһĨӲĽⶫ޷ֳ룡
׵Ϊģǵָ
֮򣡣
׵ֱ֮Ӹ˷Բʮ֮ڣ
ǻ֮ǿмӳֵĻҪ˵װˣ
֮һ룡
һ˲Ĺ׵һ࣬ǵɽʯĹ

һ󾪺֮ը죬޷ΧҲǳ׵ľˡ
׵Ӱһεĸ˵ĸǰʱǲŷ˼ҪؽʾһսԲΪ⣡
ǿߵһ˵һս֮
ʵȲؽʣҲǱЩʾ֮ǿ̫˲
Ѱʾǿߣǿ߷ŭһ²ˣ
׻ܹȵվߣ˵̫̫ˣ
ؽҲǵɴ۾ǰһУôҲû뵽ԼһȻһӶû
裬Եĳ谡
ߣû뵽㻹ؽɫ䣬оЩҲסˡ
ԭΪɰһ֪֮Ӧò̫ˣ
׿ؽʵ˵ųֻôһʵĻĳֻ˵ˣ
񣡣С
ؽһɣҲֱӿʼ˵ڶֵĹ
ڶֵĹɲһֵĹҪǿ̫ˣ
ĵ·ؽʵָһ㣬һƺһɾһ˲䣬Ѿ֪˶ٵĵˣ
һεĴֱףǵصĵ˸оһľ
ǿߵЩʾһЩǿ߿Ŷоɪɪ
Ҫ֪ǿǲֵģϾ⶯ֵЩ̫ˣ
ôһĹ򣬶޷弸ѾǱΪƽˣ

׿ȹҲ֪ѾǱ޿ɱˣ
磬ѹҲûô͸֮˶֡
Ѿ̶ˣȻҲܺ˰벽ģ
¡¡
һһըŶһĿ־֮ɫ
ĵΧһ˲䣬ؽʵüͷҲ
Ϊһ̣Ǹܲ׵Ϣˣ
ʧˣ
ؽʵиоһĿֲ֮ǰѦ˵׹죬û̫¡
Ǹżһｻսغ֮òϣǹ죡
Ϊܲ׵ʵжôǿ󣬵һһСǿһ㣡
ŽؽҲһıƣ

׵ΧǴݲЩĳĹƽ֮˷׵жһ
ôĵݣ·ղһǶһ㣡
㡭㾹Ȼûˣ
ؽʸоԼЩܲˣôѾҲܵԼһЩɣ
˵һ̽ԵĽĻôڶóʵˣ
ܶȵ޲𹥻Ȼ˼һվ
ؽЩһǲʲôˣ
𾳳ڣ
ʵ׵вѾǷǳĴˣкڵĻ׻ǿĿռģ
ؽڵĻôܣ¶ܶĹȥˣ
Եʵ¾úõĺһˣ
ųĽƺЩҪôȥĻĳ˯˰
׿ؽʵĿ⣬סĴ̼ؽʣ
ʵ׵ʵҪնɱǿ߼ǲܵģΨһİ취Ƿأ
취ʵЩεĺܣҲ׵һˣ
˳ϣҪֻôлᣡ
ԣ׾ҪϵĴ̼ؽʽٽ
ҲֻϵһʱзĻᡣ
㡭˵һ飡ؽҲЩܻˡ
׿ؽʵ˵˵һҲĳ㼸С
ã
һڣؽѾЩʧȥˣ
ԭ̬һѾȫıˣ
֮ǰֶ׵Ĵ̼ھǱԵĻһ
ʱ
ؽʾԼǶˣΨսܹԼ棡
Լ常ѦѾôˣԼĻԺڶľͻ첻ȥˣ
ΪӻΪԺ棬ؽʶûκεѡ
ֻǷǳĵùף
ؽʲѪɫɺۣ֮Ҳ¶һ˿Цݡ




3416  Ծ
 

޷⣡
ѦԱվһ꼶֮µߣ
ΪԹһλ᳤β׺
Ѧһǹͬˣ
һѦ뿪ԹᣬѦҲǸոո˹
Ѧô£˭ڸʶս
β׺ոոؽŴγδҲǾһ亹
ؽʶսǸһʵȥôȴܹ𾳵ǿ߶սֱ漣
Ѧ쿴źβ׺ߣǼһﲻ֪ʲôطðģ֮ǰԹᡭ
ԹѾ˵ˣû뵽ӾȻ˵ҽ
β׺ҲüѣȻҲǲš
Ī⣬֮ǰδڶط˵ˡһʵˣľһͿˣ
ѦʱĸоǷǳĲãȻؽһֱռŹԣ
ѦΪԹߣѵģ
ôȥĻǿҲЩԲİ
Ѧ첢ؽʣΪ֪һؽʷ˵Ļǵʱ˵ĿɲؽʣѦ죡
Ϊӣ
ѦҲҧͦţһ˿ĻᣬϣֵļһʬΣ
β׺ѦȻΪǻӦôӳ鰡뿪ԹᣬԺʲôԺȥƴ籣һЩʵ
ҾʲսѾǿûлͷˣ
ѦҲŶҲǺâ˸
β׺΢΢һ̾ҳɣһתأųôж㲻ӣҲδذ
ˣ
Ѧ쿴ؽһεĳ׵ķɱȥҲ΢΢ҡͷ
Ѿɱˣǻʲôİ
޷֮ϣ
һһɱǿϢ֮ӹ˸оһѹ֣
һߣ
ҲѾǸ˹ֻǵߵʱҲһĿɿڴ
⡭ֹӺǿ
ǴʱҲӿµˣԭΪȵϹʱ׿϶ˣ
ؽƴţΪѾǰٺԼļˡ
û뵽ǣϵߵʱ׾Ȼؽʻڶս
Ҫ֪ؽǿ𾳵ǿ߰λֹ˹Ŀ࿴
ôΪһԵֺԺѾǾ㵵Щ˵ˡ
ǵĵ˻һĨ֮У
⡭һܸ˲ϵľϲִʱҲǷˡ
֮ǰһΪ׿϶ǱɣؽʳһеʱԼ۾ˣ
ǿڣŷһȻûзؽʾȻҲûʲô취
ôйȥˣ׾ȻĸؽʶŸɣ
ؽʣҲۿɼٶȰ
ԺӹһЦû뵽СѲҩ֮ˣʵȴҲ𺳲Ѱĳڶô꣬ûмܹСţء
ԺӻĲǿף˵Լķθ֮ԡ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ׵ҩ֮ԽѦ죬ѾоǳĲ˼ˡ
ҩţ˹Ŀ࿴֡
û뵽λҩŵʵ˾̾ѡ
ǶսʾǿߣԺӾ⻹ܹ˵ùȥ
׶սǿ𾳵ǿ߰絽ʲôԺ̫ˡ
ֹʲôͷ
Ǵ˿̿ףͬʱȴҲһɻ
ͻȻ֮ðȴ˵˾ϲԲǵ֮óġ
ԺҲüӦʶϵܵİɣ
ֵͷȷʶҪֹӵݣǻԼȥʰɣ
ŶΪΣԺӿ֣Ҳǲʵ
ݸһЦΪҸҲֻʶĻһ֪
ϵǸʲôģԺԺӵֵܣ
Ժӿ֣һε̧ͷ֮ؽʹףҲƶЦЦ
ԺӵУ׼ֱǰ
ֻԺΪԼԹĻ᳤ǳ˲
ʵ׵УһССԹĻ᳤Ҳô¶ѣ
һѾĻߣ
κεΣգԿԻǳΣˣ
ϾǿԴmˣ
ҲΪʲôôŵһԭ֮ǰڶʤݵmֵ׬ˣ
ĻټʮʥŮʵһӾһأ
ãһʲôԭҪԺӼȥ
ģ́ͷյʱȴһֵ飡
裿ؽʾȻʾڵ裬һһسսĻǿ¡
һ̣
ԺӺֻһԵǵˣɫѾǱˣ
ͻıúܶ˶⧲




3417  
 

ؽʵԱߣ
һľѾǳ˵ĸǰ
ǾɢϢܶ˶ǳԾѣ
󣡣
״ʮֵĹ죬ɫ֮⣬ྡԽɫ
ҲΪˣôĸԣ
˭һﶼ֪һĵϸ
˿¶˱𣬿ȥɱڡ
Ҫ֪޵֮ͨž޴ĺ蹵
ѾʾڵʵȾʾ²κεĶˣ
˵ĳ־͵˰𾳵ǿߣ
Ȼؽһߵĺܣû뵽ʵǵ͵ˣ
ԺӿؽƴɫһҲǱѿ
ԭԺӿһǸôȥĻԲκεĺ³ģ
ڲһˣ
һǸؽڵĴϢʱ䣡
޵սǿ󣬵ʱǾͲؽʵؽʺ׵ˣ
һһȥ
ԺӾ׵һ˿սʤؽʵƣ˲תΪޡ
ҲǾһһȻܹ裬⡭ôأ
־ȣʾϵǷǳѵã
Ϊһ޴ﵽʾǻϾͿԻûˣټԭ͸߰ĺܣôܳΪ˵أ
Ϊ˱ŻôĻ̫ܡ
ʾϵ裬ǵǸؽһֵ֣ĳǳǿ
޿ɲһͨˣӴ󣬴洢ҲǱһҪܶ࣡
ϵΣˣԺӿףҲ
ⲻһô𾳵ǿߣȻĵֶΣֱˡ
ҲǺ޺޵˵ȻҲƲѣ
ͻıʣԭ鲻ԺӺ˲һε뵽˾֮У
Ҳü֮ǰؽ裬һûе¡û뵽边Ȼǡ
˿̵ǿףҲ΢΢һ̾Ȼ׵̫ˣ
Ժ΢΢һ̾ҲǱʵһ֣ؽٻ赹ҲǲΥԵĹ򡣡
ް취
ԺȻҲ֪Լûκεİ취
ʱԼӸԤĻֻ˵һ㣬Լ̫ûƷˡ
ҲǱʵһ֣ⶫ޷壬Ҳʵò
֪ĻղžӦֹ·ˣǵġ
ҲЩˣ׸ղŵȷл·ġ
ֻһܵĻʵЦһ
ѾӮѦˣǱЦЦȥأ
ΪҪӵĻѾӵ˰ȫĵشˡ
˵Ҳûʲôʶ
Щ㲻ףΪʲôһ˵Ĳ
֮ǰի˶Ůˣնɱ˶ڵĳϡ
ھȻԹѦ죬Ǹŵų𲢣
ֱǲҪĽడ
˵һﲻҪɣһƺڻĺúõġ
˵ЩҲûκεˡǿֻϵܹˣ
Ժӿ΢΢ҡͷʵԼҲš
׻
ʵһʼʱѾǱؽʸѹŴˣڶһǼֱѩϼ˪ĸо
һʵڲеĻֻǿоˣ
Ժӿ˿֣ҪѯʲôĿѾǱؽʺ׸סˣ
޷һ࣡
Ѧͺβ׺ؽٻʱ˵ɫʮֵľʣ
Ѧ죬ϲȴҲв֮ɫ
Ȼؽӵ常֪
˿̣
ѦһԲĿŶ޷ϵؽʣüͷҲšһ֣
ߣСˣˣ
ؽʵɫÿ֮ǰ׵ζñ˿Ц
ܺȻܣ
ʱһһƵĻôԹǶɾˣ
ԺڲԹ죬ǰһﶼǱҪģ
Сĵƣ
׿ҲΪƵ˵
֨֨
ףĿ¶׹⣬ҲǷһ˲Ľ
СǾ㿴Сʵɡ
ؽЦһҲָ׵ķ򹥻ȥ
Ϊô
׿ؽŵЦݣҲ΢΢һЦ
ԭȥȴĳһ̼ɲͣ·ʲô־һ㡭




3418  ˭ûи裿
 

ಣ
׵ķ͵Ĳɱȥ֮ʣһӴѵ˶޷Ͽգ
ǰֵľޣŵֱӵͷܣ

һ̣˵ĸǰ
˭Ҳû뵽׾ȻҲ裬Ǳı
󱾾У
οڵıѾ̤ʾڵĲΣֻһ̤뵽ʾ۷ˣ
ôҲ˿Ҫ
ټϱͿҲǳʦδˣ
ģ˼סˣ
ؽʣԭΪԼҪȲʤȯˣأ
оԼΣƺҪˣ
ΪĵƣôҲû뵽νĵ˼ҵĸǰʲô¡
ؽʽܲ˵ǣԼһǼƵġ
ǰһ裬ǿԼıһһֻı

ؽʵϳֳıǱı顣
׿ؽʣҲǵ˵ųǻԵְ
㡭㾹ȻҲ衭
ؽʿףĿȻû뵽
Цһ˭û裿ΪԼУĪҪʱָɣ
ʱ䣿Ҳ䣿ȥɣ
ؽʿףǰʮ棬֯һܼĵ
һ
ܹ˵һʾǿ޷ġ
ǿߣһɽӣ
һεĽŶܣҪľǲϵؽʵ
һĵһ̶֮Ǳ׿ʼʱˣ
ΪԼʵԸǿ߿ĻڵؽѾǳΪ׵Ľˣ
һεĶ˹ȥؽҲŭһͷڹ꣬Ѳɾ֪Ųô
˵ĺųбɱĳһĳҪųʲôʱܹĳأ
̼ϵĴ̼
ҪľǴ̼ؽʣʵ˵ؽѾǿˡ
Щʱ㿴ˣҲòɶ˻һô
Ϊʲô
ΪؽԼģǹϵǿߡ
ѲһǿʲôҪ
ǰһȻܹԼĹҲ֪˵ʵûԼǿ
һˣʲôĵֶεĻʱ϶ǻᱻĳġ
ؽʾԲϣʵڲŲòһ뵽õı֮У
ߣȥĻʲôʱֳܹһʤؽ˵
£
ѦƺҲ̲סֵģ㲻ҶֵĻǾͿͷϴˡ
ͷϴͷϴԺĳһ
ĿһѾǱɱڣ
̼뷴̼
ѦҲڴ̼׶֣Ļȴŭף
ԭͷҲûбɱ֮ģͷΪһ̲ɱ
ꡭ
ؽʲϵĽ˿ҲòͣЪǷϻһᣡ
ΪоԼѾЩ֧Ųסˡ
һʼ޶ȵĻӻؽʵѾˣ
ȻҲģԼӵİҲûʲôģ
οǿڶʱܹѸٵĲѲƷ
ؽҪ׺ţûκεĿԵģ
ؽǿ޷սʤĵزҲԼĵƵġ
֮УĻء
Ļǿһְ
ǰһһϣҲĻĶ֡
ĳһ̣
ڲϵĶ֮ؽ;Ϣ֮ʣѾὣУ

ʧһ̣һľ
ΪѾǸܵ׵ɱ
ˣ
׵Ĩһ˿Цڴʱ޷Ѿܲˣ
ʽ졢졢죡
⺳ʽ˲̫Ƕˣ
ʽҲ𾪲ѣ
Ϊ֮ǰĵ׸ܳսʱʹõһѾ𾪲ˣ
Ǵʱ׾Ȼʼʹǿľѧһ
ϤʽҲǼѣ
ˣ
Ҳûܹʹó⿪һ
û뵽죬˵ܹʹĿһˣ
ѹǣ
޷ƺһ̱׵Ľƣһѹ֮úܶʵǿ֮Ҳŵɪɪ
ؽʿ׵ĽݺᣬҲ
ȻһʵڵҲòʲôطȥ
ؽʳ׼֮ʣȻܵһɼΪǿѹң
ؽʳ־ΧܶҲ±ˡ




3419  նؽ
 

һȻʼˣڿʵӦҲǲСﰡ
ؽʵʵ̫ˣһܹǿߵĹȷҲǿˣ
ؽ𾳳ڣĪǴ˵ʵδﵽ𾳣
Ļֲ̫˰
һȺߴߴ˵ţǸ֪׷ʲô飿
ǿ׵ʵȻҲ̫̫Ĳ²⣡
磬˵ʵʵһǳǿ
ΪϢĶʵ̫̫ˡ
Ǳ˿ʵҲǷǳģ
˿̣
˶סĿ׵һζؽʷ
ѹǣ
޷Ͽձһž޴ĺǣǺƺž޴
ؽʴ˿̸ӴѹҲŵЩ˵ˣ
ʶϲϵѹؽʸоԼҪˡ
ԭΪ׵ʵǸ׵ʶ֮ŷ˼ʵ̫ǿ̫ǿˣ
һ̣
ؽƺһĸоΪѾǳ׵ʧȥģ
Ѧͺβ׺ؽʵģҲüѣ
Ϊؽ־֮дһ˿ıʵƭ˰
ʩչʵȥҲʾĲΣ𾳻һξģ
ʾ۷ʵܹؽ˵ľ
м϶Ƿʲô飬ֻѦ컹Ǻβ׺Ǹ֪׷ʲô
׵ʶҲֻбؽʲܹĸܵõ
ʲôƺܺ£
Ѧ쿴Ŷĺβ׺Ҳ쳣ǵ˵
ؽһپһĸ֣ϣؽ䣬Ҳؽ䡣
ѾĿƷΧˣؽģҲǵǲѣ
β׺΢΢ҡͷѦһսⱲһˣ
ѦĳˣֵСһʹ˳̵Ҳʾ۷ĲΣɡ
ѦҲεҡҡͷֱ͸
ŲĶɣ
羳սܣ
ολʾ֮мǼһ޷Խĺ蹵
β׺ҲǵͷĿǰʵ˵֮˾޿ǽʵĶ֡໳ɴʵĻһʾ֮ôεĶܽʵĹκεأ
֮治УһЩĹȷҲЧ
Ѧô˵Ұοˣʵǳ
β׺Ҳεҡҡͷ˵ʵ൹ǾýЩΣˣ
ѦĬʵҲǸоһ˿Ĳ
ؽʸ׵Ĵս뵽˵ĵزѾ֪ˡ
ԭΪײһçѣ֪ˣˣ
˿̣
˵ĿѾǶ֮ƴף
һʽʵЩӣ
ؽҲֻܹ׵ʶţһַֿĸо
ףȴϵĽԼ£
ȻڻӲĿһ֪һԲˣ
һǿЦģ
ˣ
ԭ֮еһ̻ɢȥƻɢȥ˲䣬һƻֺĳӰ֮ϣ
һ̣
˶ǾˣΪȳ˸оʮֵ𺳣
һ
Ժʶĺһ䣬ֻһ䣬ȴ˶һֱĸо
˵˻֪
ǽĺʽڶޣǿɶ൱ĳġ
ֻǼʶ⺳ʽļԺǡǡͻǸʶһˣ
ھ֪ʹǿһأ
Ժӻ䣬֮еĳӰѾǳؽʵķŭҶ
ˣ
ؽʿǳԼģ˷һ㣡
Ϊ˼Ϊʲôӵǿʶ
ɱʽ˼
ܶ˿еԵɣǻ֪׷ʲô飿
ؽһıǽУ˶Ƿһ֮
¡
ǵûκεĿֱӶؽʵĸ
ؽһѪˮֱӴӿģѦҲӶˣ
ؽˣǳ׵ˣ
һ𾳳ڵǿߣȻʾ۷֮ˡ
ζ˸о˼ģ
֪׵ʵʾڵĻҲ֪θˣ
Σ
װȻվǱߣѾס˰ѦڵЩԭмһ֮ˣ
һֱնؽʣ
Ȼһɷ֣һλʾ֮˾Ȼ𾳵ǿߣ⴫Ű
޷һ̳˹ļž




3420  
 

ǿ䣡
ؽ֮󣬱նɱһǳɣ
ѦҪ֣Ѿˣ
οҪҲԺӴӦǣ
Ӯ˲֣ˣ
ֺôܶؽʺѦأ
ؽʳ䣬ԺӺֵҲǼѡ
ֻԺҲһЩɻΪղ׵һȷŽӰӣ
ĪǴ˸ʲôɸ˵Ĺϵɣ
Ѿʲôˣ
ܶ˶֪ŷұһŵ粢δͽ
Ȼźܶʵ֮ûһŷұ״ĵӣ
Ҳһź
ѾǵⲽأҲʵЩ겻ѡ
Ȼˣ
Ժ뷨Ҳһţʱ֮ҲԱģ
ؽҲѦұ֮һֱնɱؽʵͬʱѦ߳Թᡣ
еһԺ˵һ־Ե
ʱԺӽ׿ԼĶ˿ҲΪˡ
һԵ񾪿ֵδɢȥǰһеҲǲţ
װȻؽʵʬԣҲǼѣ
Բض˵ˣһֱڻڲס۾Լˡ
֡ǰӮ˰
ԬôʱվֵԱߣǴһʼڶûиҿ˵һ仰
һֱ׽ؽնɱǲž
ֻǷԷθģΪ׵ʤǸоǾ޴⣡
ԬХҲǲΡΡ˵ӮӮˣǰȻӢŰ
Ժ΢΢һЦֹӵȷ˹Ŀ࿴ĳҲͶذ
ֺǺǵ˵һﻹǡʵ
Ȼô˵ܾһǲĸо
ڵҲǳ׵ĳһˣ𾳵ǿŪ˵˼֮ǰδţ
ԺӳǸϽֹ뿪߰ɣʱ߿Ҳ߲ˣ
ʾɱ𾳣
ϢҪǴ붫Ļ¸·ǿҪ֤һˣ
ʱ϶мۺ֮ˣ׵Ļ׿ɾΣ֮ˣ
ҲǵͷԺȻû˵ԭ򣬵Ǿ뿪˵ȷõһѡ
ʱ
޷֮ϣԺӴ׵ȥһȺƺδӸղŵһĻ֮лع
ֱȥıӰǲЩ
ܿ죬޷ҲǱŷһ֮̾
ֹӾȻնɱؽʣҲ̫˰ɣ
֮ǰ᳤˵ֹӲʾǿߣһǶҪ˰
ô꣬һδ˵ʾǿնɱ𾳵ĳǿأ
˭˵أǶ޼ҲδŰ
޷⣡
һһȺǱ۷׷ףǺܶԼܹһ֣
ԭľҪؽйնɱ׵ġ
ɿǲŷ֣ǸȥǴţļһʵͲǴţ
˼ʵʵǳǿᣡ
ƾʾ۷ʵӲĽ𾳵ؽʸǺ䶯鰡
ʵ׵ս˺Ҳˡ
ôܹǿ߷񹥻ʵɣ
Ļ񲻾һô
׶ؽôؽ֧һն
ںܶ˶׵ôֵסؽǷĹҲƵĺܣ
Ȼ˿̣
Ϊʧ֮ʵǱˣվĳ֪ĽԱߵѦ죡
ؽѦҲָһƺܲʵ
Ǻβ׺ŵĻѦҪȥƴˡ
ΣѦܵ˾޴ĳ裡
öĵǣȻһëͷСӣԼĸɶҲǼһϣ
ѦǸϽ߰ɣ
β׺˿̿¶Ѧ죬ҲӲѦĸǰ
Ѧŭһ׺֣̫ˣ
úǰѦѾԹᣬԺӺܿͻϴǵˡʵֻ̣Ҫı𣬾ֻ;ˡ
β׺ǷǳǵģԺӵ˵һǿĹᣡ
ҪΨһİ취¾һΪǿĿɽ
Ѧ֮дһ˿䣬ҧ˸ǸֵСӱѦǳԼ꣬Ҳһó
β׺Цݻ˵档ѦղԺ֮˵һܣ˸ŷұĪĹϵΪ֮ǵȥˣܿǾͻлŪСˡ
Ŷ˻棿
Ѧͺβ׺˿ʼԼıβ׺һ仰ҲЩŵ˼ˡ
Ȼǲ֪ǣⲻǼһˡ




3421  Ժӵ˼
 

Թڣ
Ժ׵˽Լķ䣬׺֮⣬֮˿ȥЩִ١
ϾղΪ׵ĹϵûнԺ̫һ¡
ȵһεĽԹ֮Ѿʶǰ˿Թˡ
᳤ûʲôĻĳȸˡ
׽֮ԺҲ˼䣬Ҳط̫õʱ䡣
˵ҪĿΪ˽Լʦ
飬ӦΧеġ
Ҳǲһ֡
Ҫֿ֪ĽӣǸһεˡ
ϵܣżʲôǿɵúúõļһ¸鰡ֵԺ϶ˡ
ԺӿףΪʲô˵飿
ʵϣ׵Ǳ׶İԺӷԼ᳤ˣ
ټҲҪ֪λȥֹӣ·ɣ
׿һԺӵ˵᳤˵Цˣ磬ҵ᳤ֵأ
ϵ˵ĳЩ޵˰ԺֻҪڶϵʲô飬ĳǲһüͷģ
Ժظ˵ֻȴЩΪȻ
ԺӲûʲôӲԺӻðΣȥģ
οԺӰæأǲǱˮнѣ
ĿԶԹԼ鶼ûдأôܶأ
Цŵ᳤ĺĳˣֻĳʲô飬ֻɶѣ
ɣϵֺα£ĳ²ⲻĻϵӦøųĹϵɣ⽣ѾձɽϵܺβĻͥԹأĳԸ᳤֮λϯԴ
ԺӿףҲ˵Լ뷨
˵ĿԵԹĻһǿԱףԼһǿ֣
ȫ
׹Ц᳤۲Ļǹϸİĳȷ뽣ŷұŹϵĳӦ᳤᳤ǲǽĳߴأ
ϵܣʵҲ˵ѦҲѾ֪ˡ伫ʱϵûһΪڻĻ˶Կ
Ժ仰˵Ҳˣ֪Ļʵǳеźܴķյġ
ڶǿ൱ţģ
һ֯ԹǿҲҪֵġ
Ҳ˵ԹǴˣܲ£ǿ϶ǲġ
ֹӣҵǾ᳤˵
ֿ˿ףҲԥһ
ڶûһ֧ŵݣʱľǹԮ
ĳȻţȴҲЩѵġһ᳤ĺˣܹҪ֮˻ûء
ţ
һ仰ʾӴţ
˵ģļҲһһţ档
˵ʮʥŮļʮʥŮĻ˸Ҷˡ
ֻһҲܱ¶ԼĵƵġ
ܹԼɵ飬ԲܳƤģ
ڶ˵ʵӦ顣
ԸоԼʵЩð
Լʵܹʾڡ۷ĻѰ֮ô
ԽѵʱԽ
ȱҲʱˣܹʮúõһµĻµʱĳˡ
ʮʱܹȣԼʦܵôԼˮܵô
֮ǰ˵һˮҪܽȻԽԽˡ
ҲΪʲôһֱͣһԭ
ԭͨɽҲѾǳˡ
ϵɽĳѣȻ˵ĻĳҲͲȰϵˡĳǾ仰һ졭
ԺǱԹԵ˵
״ԺӵĻһ᳤Σ֮ʳְæԺֵ֮ƣ
Ժһ㶣漴ЦϵҲһʵ˰ĳһҪһϵܺ֪
᳤ʡҲν
ԺЩɻĿ׵֪λӺζ
ĳԶʤݡ׵˵ԺЩ𾪵Ŀ׵ʤʲôʱϵȾˣ
᳤ˣͷĻͷǲСġЦŵ
ŶԺӿ֡
ֵĿһףҲεЦЦʵҲûʲôͷͷģҸǺӽڵ
Ǹ֮һԺЩŹֵĿ˿֣ȻǺӽڲڱô




3422  ֵġ
 

ף
׵ҲǴһ˿Ц⣬ô֡
ֱ׿Щ˼ˣϽⲻҵ˼Ҹ׵˼
Ŷô˵һεıΪˣ
һεЦָЩˡ
ԺҲǹЦǣ׷ҲܹԹŵǺӽ˰
᳤ҪȡЦˣҲӦҸ׵Ҫġ
ἰʱ򣬺Ȼ鲻Ƿǳĺá
׿ЩɻʵȻǺӽڱףΪλأ
鲻ã
ûĿףҲһƵ˵
ԺӿֵӣҲǳ΢΢һЦϵܣҿȥμˣﵹһԡɲŮò
᳤ɲҪο⻰˵һ룬ѾŭĿԲô䲻㻹ôΰ
Ҳ˼
׿ͻȻ쭣ҲǸоЩĪ
ȻڵĹϵһЩҲʶôһʱ䡣
ԺͻȻ֮ô˵ΪΪԼأ
ڷŮĵ㻹ǲһ㰡
ȻԼЩˡ
־쿴׺ߺߵãøҵǸ
Ǹ
׿֣ҲһͷŮǲöԸ
ֻÿܶܶ顣
ټŮĵֿҲǸоԼûˡ
־ǸǸ
һԵԺӿЦУ׵ļϵܣڸв֪ȻǸ͵Ǹ¡
ǡ׻Ҫ˵ЩôԺӹЦʲôŮǸҲ˰
ǺðɣĳεǸأ
ʵҲνֻ֪ΪʲôͻȻô
һתҰЩҸߣǵǸˣ
ʲôüʵ
ԺӿЦ˼ϵܣ޸ǲǳĳһ㣬Ҫһˡ
᳤˼ǡ
׿ԺӣƺҲˣ椸Լôʱ䣬ΪԼƽ鷳
Ժӿ׺ٺһЦĳԹʵ̫ӵĻĳԸһȥǺӽһˡ
Ǻӽڴ˵ĵ̰ɣǺðɣȻҪĳɨЩΪѣĳȻҲ᲻æˣ
׿֣Ҳǳ
˵ʵ
ҪʲôطأǺӽڵǸһ
֮ǰһˣ
׿ı
ŮԴɽһ֮Ҳûм
ǻѣڶʤݵʱһ棡
ֻ⻨ԼʱΪԼá
׿ıڵ̫أ
˵̫ڶҲΪӴĿԳΪұ۵ĻȻٺòˣ
磬չٶȵȷǷǳĿ죡
ҲΪԼķչٶʵ̫̫ˣڵĸʵЩǳ
ᣡ
׾飬ʵûһͷ
״ỹмʱ䣬ȥӦûüǺǣ
ԺӿףҲ΢΢һЦ
׵ͷȻʵ᳤ĳһҪ᳤̣֪ڶ̫ڿϤ
̫ڣϵܸ̫ǡ
ԺӿףҲЩüʵ
ûʲôĳֻʰˡ׵˵
Ժӿ׵̫ʵǺܲģӦҲڴˣӦñҸӵϤɣ
Ҳڴ˵ģü
֮ǰ׿ıܵʱ򣬲δἰ£ӦҲԼ̫᣿
ֿ˵Ǵ˵ġ
Ŷǲ֪ɷʶһ׿ıŮһεʵ
㻹һ˰ıôʶأһ׵ĻҲƵʵ
Ȼû뵽һļһȻʶ׿ı
ЦŵҲʶ׿ˣ֮ǰżҲǴӦ׿Ϳš
ż֪ıƺûгɣЩŵʵ
Цŵȥһ˲֪ô
ԥһҲǵͷȥǺӽڵҲ·̫ڣֻҪܸϵϾУ
²˳٣Ȼ˵ĻǾͳɣ
׿֣Ҳѯʵ
ֵͷ˸ԺҲǳ̫ڵķˡ




3423  ̫
 

̫ڣ
λڶϱǺӽҲ֮ѣ
Ҫ֪磬ռǷǳĿġ
֮ʵϾھˣ
ҲΪʲôνһԭ
ʵ˵һԼҲģȻ׵Ĺϵϵ
Ƕ˼˵ְ˼ʲôæˣ
֮ǰԹᣬһλǺӽڣоԼﲻʲôæ
Ҫ˵æĻΨһİǲ²⽣ŷұӵˡ
֪ҪŷұҲԼ뷨
ô˵ڰأ
˷
׼ȻҪȥ̫ڣĻľͲˡ
οƾʲôأֲ׵ʲôˣ
ֶ׺׿ıĹϵҲʮֵĺ棬ҲҪһ׿ı֮䵽ʲôϵ
ʵϣ
ָ׿ıֻ֮ʶϾǴ˵ˣ
ҵʱ׿ı֪Ǻӽ֮Ů
һЩҲ˵ء
ֻ׿ıڶܹŵϺŵŮû뵽׾Ȼʶ׿ı
̫ɽŴ
֮ҲµվǱߣָ˹
һסֺ׵λǰ̫Žأ˵ȲڡλҪĻֱȥŷмɣ
׿ıģͨһ
ֿˣҲЦһ
ıʦ㣿һֵĻ̬ҲЩתˡ
Ͼ
һ۲۵ĳŮ;кܴơ
ֻˣЩְҪѭġ
ǱҪ֮󣬲ֺܹ׽С
κε飬ʱǶѴ̵ġ
˵Ǻӽֵ˵
ãԵƬ̡
ֵͷҲ㶣ܿ˵
֣
ڶʵͦģΪ̫ˡ
ǽ֮һӵһ޷ӵеĳ츳
ǺӽŮһҲĽѡ
ЩȽϻһԭ
ΪǺӽھٰı״ᣬνı״ռĿֱˡ
ûԹҲܰɣ
ЩȻֵͷ
ԭλŮӦǴǺӽڵȴ״Ľɣ
ôҲû뵽λ״ǾȻ̫ڣ
Ȼ̫Ѿ˳˴ˣЩȴҲҵ֮ˡ
ҴȥģֺҲվɽ֮š
ʱ
Ѿǳˣֹʦ㣬ıʦ̫ӴأѾˡıʦ˼ʦȽ̫ƫȺ򣬲֪
ԣ
ֵ˵һҲġ
οҲҪɶѣһʱҲν顣
Ĵ֮Ҳǽ̫ƫ֮С
ƫǺԶ漸һĿȻ
ԭΪ̫ڿ϶ǻܻԼģƺûô㡣
ֿ̫ôʵӦҲΪһνӴԵĽӴɣ
֮ˣ
˳Լڵķ̫ķ˹ȥ
ֻǿһλߺˡ
ĸ˵ĴſȥЩأ׿ȥҲǸоЩˮϵ֮˵Ĵ硣
֮ˣЩüʵ
ֹ㲻㲻֪ɣЩ㵵ʵ
ҡҡͷ˵ʵܶණҶһ֪ġ
Ǻðɣʵܼ򵥡ΪģΪϱĴ򣬲ͳơνĶ򲢷Ķ򣬶һƬʵԭ򡣡
ֿףҲĵĽ͵
׵ͷղν֮ˣӦþϷ˼ɣ򣡣
⣡ž˼û뵽̫ڸϷȻҲϵ
ҲЩĿ棬ƺû̫Ĺϵ
Ҳְɣ׷ʵ
ֵͷţȷ֣֮ǰû˵
ڴʱ
̫ƺһ󲻺гԭڵЦݿļλһƺҲɫѿ
֮˹ȻһڽǰԭΪȴ˵źȻ̫˰Ǿֵ¼°ɡ
׺ֵ˸һ䱩ŭѵĻҲЩĿ˹ȥ




3424 ߹ݵ̫
 

̫ڣ
һȺԭЦǺǵ˺Ȼ֮ý
׺̧ͷȥĿƺЩ
ظǶͱˣǲǶŷˣ
һλҲվðž⣬ƾˡ
˲Ǳˣ̫׿С
վλظڵĸã
꣡
ƾһҩҲǷޣ֮ʱȴҲǱһ֪˸ˣ
Ժڵλһֱǹڻ
Ǹȴ赭дֻ˵һ䣬ϷҩԶҲܳԽҩ
λͻǣĵһվⶫ
˶һĹͱŪĻͷظˡ
ˣ
λڵҲṳ̂㶫벽
ڶݺݵķģԼҪܳܶһţ
ҪԼڶܵ裬Щ֮˼ӱ
ҲΪʲôһʼ̫ڱ񣬵˺ֱӷһԭ
Ϊ˶Ҫ߹ˣ˭Ǻɫأ
׿оԼܸ˺ɫģ
״˷ǰ̫ڣʵΪ̫ڶ
ˮܽܶĲϣ̫ΪΪǿҩ֮һӦҪĶ
һԭҪ׸š
ֻû뵽ǣ˻ûмţѾһϷ׼ˡ
ãڵĸ
˷ڵҲȫȨڡ
Ŀ΢ĿŶİ׿ҲЦһսѾˣڸҲǾǵˡ
ظ̫Թ޳Ҫƾˣ
׿Ҳɫ䣬ʵЩơ
һҲ磬Ȼһҵ̫ڣоԼǺܺ۸һ㣡
ʵϣ̫ԭⶨĵһվ
Ϊ̫ڵشϱҲڽ붫һվˡ
óڶԡ̫ڲҪ֤ĵһˣĪǰˣ˵ĻֻҪ˵һҵȾȥ
ЦҰ׿Ⱳӻ֪ʲô¡ȻҶܹ֮ڵʧһΣǾͻеڶΣ
׿ɫʵҲʮֵΡ
ЩбǲִӦսƾԲˡ
׿еԱߣ̫ڸһҲվ˳ˣѣΪ壬Ƿɣ
һ˵ĺãȻҰĺܡ
׿ŷһĻҲˬʵЦ
ѿ֮ʲô壿˷ҵǰдѣ
ȻߣҲ֪ʲô²òͷ
ʱˣᲢ֮٣Ҳֻ֪ҪԼǾԲҶǶֵġ
Ϊһ̫ڵ˶֣ʱܿͻᴫ
סһ㣬òܹˣ
òˣǻͷĻȥˣ
һΪ̫ڵĶңҲ̫ڵĳս֮һȻ˵
Ҫҩ֮һ̫ǾǵڶĴڡ
˰׿΢ʤôһ˿˿⣬ûзˡ
ǰòһѣȻʵ֮һҪǿһЩ
ǸӦӦԸ
ʵǿɲҩ֮Ҳǿɣ
ȻҪǶ֮˷ǱǶǵĺ·˷Ȼʵ֮Ҫ߳һˣ˼ҲԸ۸Ƕ֮ˡһǸһս
ÿŰ׿кͷһ壬Ҳǵ˵
һ
׿кͷһ廥һۣǶǴӶԷ֮ж˲֡
̫һβ룬Ҳûõóֵ˲š
񣡣
׿еСӣҲ̫һ֮Ϊ֮ˡ
ҩ֮֮ͬѾǾԵ̳ˣ
ֻϧǣо綾붾Ҳ
֮ǰ߹Ϊ棬ѹڶƵЧ
׺׿ı
ʵ֤߹ֻα꣬α
İȻһЩˣɰ׿е˶֪ǲʱġ
ôǲңǾ͵ĳûĳ͸ǡ
õ˼̫ˣ˼㲻Ӧ֤ˣ
׿ŭĿԲߣкοɾ壿
ãȻ˵Ļղײգڿʼɡ
ҲǿЦ˼ĶһԵİ׿С
˿ǰ׿лǷһ壬ǵɫѾǷǳѿˡ
Ѿ˸ڲˣڻеѡô




3425  
 

̫ڣ
ԭĿ˱˵ˣıð׿кͷһҲǲֻʲѣ
ֻûѡˣ
֮˴򵽼ſˣΪ֮ǻĻľеˣ
վ
ǰ׿кͷһ뷨Ͳ̸ˣһԵ̫ڵһҲߣ
Ǵ˿̿Ű׿еҲǳ˿
˭Ҫս
ڴЧ˭ҪΪһ
˴ˣǸ岻ݴˣ
ˣҵԸսЩŪˣǲĵģ
׿еĸ˱̫ΪܳĴӡ
ʵһҲܳϯĳϣǽ첻һ
ˣ׿ȻҲϣչʾһ̫ڵľ
ˣһĸȻҲһķ羰ߡ
ֻ׿ôҲû뵽⿴ƹĦ͵֮ˣȻĲ֪ܣ
ߣĸѣ
õӿȥĸ
Ǳǿ׳һĿ׿ıˣ˵һ仰
ʿɱ裡
ȵҸ߲裬ԶϺͺõĺ·ˡ
֮˿ȥƺҲûκκͺ֮⣡
ǽľҳӵģ
ߣǸʲô˵ǲǵ˱Ƕ߰
˵֮Ϊ͢
͢ǷһĶӣҲ̫ڽڰ֮µĵڶˡ
ʱܶʱǼסһǵõڶĴڡ
Է͢Ĺ⻷ѹȥҲԵ÷ǳĵ͵
ǵ͵ȴܹ͢ʵɣ
ʱ岻̫ãֻܹ̫һˡ
͢˵һ㶼û˵»ĺܣ
ڷ֮߳͢ʣҲһ
Ǳˣ̫СӰ
ʵϰһʼ̫ĺ棬ֻѡ
ҲҪ֮˵׳ʲôӣ
ôҲû뵽˾Ȼҳӵģ
֮£
Ҳŭ˳ǵĵϾȻ˸ǵ
ЩǻĲͷˣ
ߣ˵֮ˡֻ˵ôؿУǻֻǸѣ
ؿ񣡣
õĶӣҲһɹ֮һ
ڼȻ߳ӣ˵ɳʵǲġ
ؿҩʵӦʮֵǿģҲ˹۰ɣ
ȻǸֻ˵һ㣬Ǿ˳׼
Ҫôǣ
֪͢˭Ķˣ˭ˣ
Ψʵܹ˹ԹԵı죡
ǣ̫ڹȻǺܴȻ˵ĻҲͲˣ
ؿǲҪļһƨôãȻռ˵ıˣ
һһ㶼֪ʲôغǫã
ھʵǰǫòǫʲô˼ô̫һǴ˵ҵӮˣβⶫһͷأ
ؿ˿̿Ű׿УҲǺٺһЦ
ֻؿ䣬׿еɫѾǱֱ䣡
һԵķһ֮⣬ڰ˶һȦĿŰ׿С
ΪǶ֪̫ʲôʱĵرˣ
ǹ屦еĹ屦
ھϵ棡
ֻȹ屦ʵ̫û뵽ڵ˾Ȼ֪
ð׿Ҳɫѿ˼£
̫ڵܣôı¶˱˵ĸǰ⵽ô£
ô֪׿ʵ
϶סˣ˶֪飬ȥʲô
ǺЦĺܣȻŵĵĪǰ᲻ãѾ֪Լˣ
ؿӿȥǷǳǷᣡ
ǰ׿еɫȴӵѿؿߣǱʲôΪԵȵĶעأ
ȻȴҲࡣһöΣ
ؿѾȫȡĸãԹԵĸ׿̸
𵤣㡭ǾȻ𵤣׿ɫһס
˵ʵ
ȷǼΪ󣬵ֻһζҩĶѡ
𵤾ͲһˣۼֵĻ𵤲ǸгǸ
ǼֵǵģóΪעҲǶԵȵġ
׿û뵽˾ȻѾʲô׼ˣһɲԤǵͷ
״ˣ֪ƴȫҲⳡԡǽʤҲ޺ˣ
ԼĸףҲǳ
ȫһ
ǰΪʵһдգΪ֪Լʱ޶ˡ
𵤣ðȥƴһˣ
׿ĺԥԼĶӻĵġ
ڵҩʮֵĹ죬ǲܲ
Ȼ˵ʳӣ
𵤵ջ̫̫ˣټ񼸺Ǳɣ̫ѾǱ˱Ƶ±ϣ
׿ҧҧˮЩתΪ̫飬޺
˿̣
úؿ˵ҲĨһ˿ľ⣬ƺһıóѵĸо
ֻ˲δע⵽ʱڶƫֵҲѾЩ۷Źˡ




3426  ޼Ԫ
 


ֵʱ϶Щ֮ɫ
һĨɫ֤Ѿʮֵļ
˵ʵ
̫ҲϣûкʵĲԼܽ𵤵ġ
ֻû뵽̤ЬٴȫѹҪһζΪҪĲϣ
ѾӵһЩϣ֪ԶԶġ
ܽĲô֣Ҽÿһʮֵϧ
Ҳ֪ܹõκеһζҩģǶǺ˵ġ
Ҫȫ룬ǿûκεôҪȥᡣ
ѾǰԼǰʲôɲȥأ
οҲû뵽ϷļһﾹȻӵž𵤣
Ҫ֪һö𵤼˵һǿȻˡ
𾳣
ǿΪĴڣһĴ𵤵Ļǵʱֿˣ
򣬿¶Ϊһö𵤶ͷѪ
̫ڣ
׿кͷһɫʮֵѿİͷ͢ˣ
ǰΪ𵤼ǻˣ
ǰ׿кͷһ֪ȻԷóôĶע˵ǵĵԲһ㣡
ֻϷ֮һǹŹֵĺܣϢİ취ð׿е˸ؿ񵽵ʲôʵ
𵤵ջټڵƣð׿Ѿûκε·ˣ
Ψ֮һսսʤ֮õĽ֡
Ļ˷۱ԻΪһЦ
ؿʮֵŰ׿е˵ȻӦˣǹص˭أؿҲ۸֮ǶĿҲǿԵġ
ţ
ؿʮֵſƺͷ͢У
ղоϢѾȫˣ
Ϊ׿дӦóǶԶĵԭ
֮ǰؿһϵСʵӦþ۷ñΪʵʮֵǿ
뵽ղһĻ׿кȻ֮һĸо
ߣʲôĿҰҩ滹ûз˭أ
ҲǶҩĳ֮һ
ֻ֮ǰо綾ΣڵϦȻ֮ǰ˱߹ѹƣڿȥʮֵ
̫ڵĸ߲㶼֪Ҳǻǧˣ
ǧʱ䣬׿кܶʱȥ취ǰĶԼڵĻʱɾҪȵˮˡ
ô˵ĽԼڵľĻԻ£
ǧʱ䣬£
˭ҲԸô磡
ɰȴŴη񣬻˵ҲΪԼĲѾҩɾȵĵزˣ
ô
ΪšΪԼĸ𵤵Ļγһ˵أ
ؿһЦ㻹ŵİȻ˵Ļĳ͵ˣ⣡
⣿Ҳ⣡
Ҳŭˣ˭˭Ѿǵâʱˣ
ȻҪȣϾԲܹӣ
ÿԼĶӣ˵Ȼ˼˵ǫãǾıһˣ
ǣ״ˣ
ؿҲǹԼ׿ȥʮֵء
׿Ҳǰһ㣬Ȼǳ⣬Ǿͳˡ
Ȼ˵ĻǿɾͲˡʱ˵۸㡭ؿЦһ
ôϻȾͱȣھ͸ҹ
ҲŭһѾϻҲ̫һ㡣
ؿǲżһȣ˵ʵѾһˡ
ؿ񵭶ߵ˰ĸǰ޼Ԫҩɺã
ޡ޼Ԫ
Ҳһ޼Ԫǿҩ
Ȼҩ֮вǺɼȻҩƵѶҲǿ֪ˡ
ҩԭľǶԾĿƣؿѡҩ˵ľӦѾǴﵽһ൱ĵزˣ
ôղ̫ƺҪҳİɣҪȻ㻻һ
ؿдһ˿ζЦݣǺ˰
תͷ˿׿Уʱİ׿ɫҲǷǳѿ
޼ԪƵѶȵȷǷǳĴǰһȻս˵һ϶ĵġ
һ뵽ߣ׿Ծϵˣ
ʱǷڵĻ̫Ժһûˡ
ԥ
׿п˿һʼɡ
ܿ죬һȺ˱㳯̫㳡ķ˹ȥڵΪ˷ֹ̫֮ºˣ
ȻҲҪԵĵصһڵĳϣ̫ˣҲ׵ĳֲǣ
Ϣɣ
̫ڵһҲǼææĳŹ㳡ķ˹ȥ




3427  Դ׵ķ͢
 

˵𣿾˵ӹ̫ڵ˰
ļٵİӸҵǵĵϵң˰ɣ
˵أղ˵һҵġ˸ǻжԼͦġ
ɵȱӣ쵽Ƕ򣬿Ǻÿˡ
ߣҲ̫ʲôţûʶ
̫ڵĹ㳡֮ϣؿѾǷң
Ǹǰ԰ڷʮҩĺһҩ
̫ڵΧȺ֮УǵߣЩ˻
ӣ
Ƕ֮ձĹʶǾԼͳ
ι״ģҲʲô˾ˣ
ֻǲ֪ʱ̫ڵĸ߲ѾʮֵĽˡ
ˣ
Ŀɲĸ̫ҵ̫һ
򵥵һԣȻܹǣôˣʵû뵽
ûκε̼
ؿƺǱһӾڰ׿ʼһ̣ѾȲĿʼˣ
ֺ׼Ⱥ֮УԶ㳡ȫעҩİؿҲΪĹע
׿ıͷ͢ʱһߣ
׿ı׵һɲǣҲǻһ
ʵϣ
׿ıҲ֪׵ֻղͨʱѰһ֡
֣׿ıϤġ
ȻѾ˽ŵĵز׿ıǽֵϡ
ֻ׿ıԱվŵ׵ʱҲͣ
͢׿ıҲʵıôˣ
ҡһˣ
׿ıɫģ÷͢Ҳ
̫˭֪͢ϲ׿ıѾʲôˡ
ֻ仨ˮ飬׿ıѹԷ͢ûκεĸо
رһδɽ֮׿ıƺЩ겻ᡣ
͢Ҫѯ׿ı׷ʲôôȥѯʣǱ׿ıˡ
ղ׿ıǱɽŮһ˲һ˿ߵģ
÷͢׵ŭˣ
׿ıææľͳ׵ķ߶ȥоԼһҲȲˡ
֪Ϊʲôһ׾ͻоһɷǳȫůĸо
·վߣǾأ
۸ˣ׿ı׵һ̣·֮ǰһɨա
ڵķ
ֹ֡ӡ
׿ıܻӭģøķ͢о޾ļʡ
ôˣԼʦʲôʱԼ
¾һΣҲ޺
ıþò׿׿ıҲ΢΢һЦ
ʦã˭
͢˿̿ףҲüͷʵ
̫Ѿǵһ̶ȣܹ߳ԴףҲˣ
׿ıŷ͢˹üղŲ˵һѡʦֲѶҪ㱨𣿡
ʦʦãҲ˼ҡҾʶһ⡭λӣ
͢׿ıģҲһ
ЦһĳıҲżȻʶ
͢˿һԵ֣ʦ⣿ĪֹӺʦ㡭
ģʦڱأ׿ı
ֿ׿ıģСŮ˵Ҳ˵ֹһҲҪȥ״أ·̫Ҫһ£Ǿһඣֻû뵽̫ô֡
ңҲûа취ġ׿ı̾һȻֹӣ㡭˵˭Ӯ
ʦã̫ڿǶǿҩ֮һһп¡
͢ȻЦе˵ţԽлǱġ
οʵЩΪѣҩ̫һǿλڶĴڡ
ʦֹ֣׿ı˵ײС
ȴѾǰڰֵʵӮνҪܹѧһЩ
˵ôĪʲôֹӣĻᰡ֪Ϊථأ͢û˵
׿ıŭһ۷͢ȴһεıĳȻţҲҪĳЩǿɣ
ҡҿ㾹Ȼ˵ҿҸ㣬ҼҰʦǿǡ
͢һŻģ׵Ĵ̼˲ըëˡ
һʱĹ̫ڱذܣ
׵һϯֱ÷͢׿ıɫֱ䡣
ֳֻ͢ӵĿ⣬׿ıֵǵĿѣ
úúãһʱʦֻվǱߣ̫ڿɲŹ㣡
͢ȥҪľȥԼĸ׺Ǳȥ״ˡ




3428  С˷͢
 

̫ڣ
ʱİؿѾǽ˰ȻĽ׶Σ޼ԪȻƣɼȻԵͱҪȥ
ο
İȻȥЩʹ࣬ǻǿԳܵġ
ؿƺҲòʲôطȥ
ղϸĹ۲֮˾ͻ֣ᷢղؿ޼Ԫʱ򣬱֮һöƳ棡
öƳ澹ȻҲǰҩһУ
ʵϣ
֮ùƳҩҲʲôϡˡ
ƳʵѾ൱޼ˣԼ˵Ľһ
ҩĹУǿʵԵİԼҩƷʣ
ЩƳ棬ǿԽʲϵյġ
յʵϾ׳Ķ
ˣ
ϷЩŹƳƵҩţǵĹƳ涼ʮֵĽġ
ֻ˺ٿϷڵҩ֮ǵԺҲûĸ
׵һοؿҩҲǾϡĺܡ
ֻڹ۲֮ʣǷ͢һεĳ׺׿ıֵߣ
ʲô
Ȼվһߵģ÷͢ǼĴ
ò츳ʵ
һǰСҪǿЩŮΪʲôƫƫϲֵأ
Լʦˣû뵽־ȻҲˣ
ŮȻͬʱСģĻûأ
ڷ֮͢˵ȫܲ˵ġ
ڵԽǿףԽǾò˳ۣ
ʦ㣬ƺ̫ڰɣûҷ͢ĵط
͢˵άףҲǾòˬ
׿ıҲЩʦ֣ڽӴѣ㡭
ıȥһˣҲûа취˭һǷء
͢ȻȥСˣ׿ıоһĶġ
һˣ
ôأ
׿ıɫһ͢ǹˣ
ʦãҡֻǿôƨֲװӶѣǧҪƭ˰
͢׿ıҲǿĵȰο׿ı
·׿ıֻиܹ͢õνҸһ㡣
Цһ㻹Ҹоã˵ֹ˭أ
Ǳ͢Цˣһ￴Ƹߵʵϻͦ͵ġ
Ƿ͢ղƵĻʵ׻Ƿǳĺദġ
ο׵ʵƺýʲô͢͢ķС
֮ǰԹĳ棬˵һﶼŵ˰ɣ
ߣʦ㣬ǿͣĵӦܶɣȻȥͱҪȥ
͢ƺҲԸ־Ͼֵݷǳ⣡
ΪǺӽŮ̫ҲøӲǣ
׿ıĿŷ͢Ļ˵ô
ʦã治Ϲ˵˵ȷ
͢һ׿ıӣЩˡ
ϾȻף׿ıе
Լˣܲ
Ϊһ˶ԼԼʦõĺȻǾøֵõġ
ˣһֹȥģڿ˰ɣ
׿ıûĿŷ͢͢׿ıȻ̣Ҳ㬵뿪ˡ
ֻ뿪֮ǰǶݺݵĵһף
˿̣
׿еĿҲǳ׵ķ˹üͷȥǺƣ
˭˵ԼĶһʱҪˣ鶼õġ
׿ʵҲҪ˭̫˵Ŀ
һѾ͸ˣ
ͻȻֱ֮Qһ֪ߵغСӣܲô
׿ıףֹӣҪ£֮ǰѾǸ˵߹ġ
˵˵кηǼҵλȥĻʱ޶˰
׺׿ı߱˵˵ǲżһԵָ浾һԣδȥ׺׿ı
ǰʦһҵȹյĺܣ˷о綾Ҳεĺܡ̫ԭҩţҲ޲ߡ
׿ı˿ףҲεҡҡͷ
ֿ׿ıҲ΢΢һЦֹ԰ҽǳĸģ
ʦ㣬⡭
׿ıֵĻҲЩεЦЦ
Լҵ˶Ѿ޲ˣֹôа취أ
׸Ҫ˵ͿǷ͢ѾǴŰ׿кͷһ׵˵ĸǰ
ˣҥµġ
ָ͢ףҲǶݺݵ˵
˵һʱ֮ڱذܵģ󵨿ͽ֪̫ڮҶĺʲô
׿ɱ˰Ŀһ̳׵ףɢɱ˸оһĲ




3429  ̫ڣˣ
 

̫ڵĹ㳡֮ϣ
˵ĿⶼǱؿˣھ۾Լǰҩ֮еĵҩ
ֻɫѾЩ԰ףһԵؿҪݺܶ࣡
У
ʵǰ׿лǷһ壬Ϊҩʦ֮еٮٮߣѾǿԿһЩˣ
ǿǿĽûг֮ǰȻҲ뱻ڮٲ
ʱ
׿пףɫȻǺòȥ
ԼĶǱƴƴģһԻһ˵ģΪĸп֮
ֹֻǡ
ֿŰ׿ˣҲǸϽȰ˵
׿п̫ںǺӽһǾˮˮǧ˵̫ڮǺⰡ
ǣֵʲôʸ˵ǰʦ֣͢ףҲЦһ
׵˵ڮٵ̸ϣĳ˵һʵѣ
ʲôʸߺ˵˵㶮ҩô׿Ҳŭˡ
׿ıŰ׿УҲǸϽˣ⡭λֹӾǰȡñ߹˰ʦֵˡ
Ŷʤɽ֮ô
׿ԭŭɶıʧȡ֮һɻ
Ͼ׿ıԼİͽĻ׿лǿŵġ
Ǵ˰ԼĶӣô˼Ҽ˵仰أ
ֻ׿鲻þͲԼĶȥ𵤣
׿ıͷǵģˣ
ʤݣطˣûʸָֻˡ֮оȹʦΣҲǴɶѡ
͢ףʮֵĲˬ
֮ǰ׿ıõ˱߹ˡ
ΪԼϲôʱˣȻϲһȥһļһ
ǣ׿ıϲһǿҲͰˡ
һʤݵļһǿǿʲôطȥأ
ΪĹ÷͢ӵ˶ס
ŷ͢ĻҲǸоһĴ̶ǣǺЦˡȻôбµĻΪʲôȥڵȥƴأ˵ݻʲôˡ
֣㡭˵һ飡
͢ҲЩѵĿŶ֣Ů̫ˣ
ˣ̫ٴ˵ȾǾȻ߻˺ѲɾΪ˸ӿЦ𣿡
׿ŭһһ׼ҪҲϢˡ
ʱʱһζ
һ˵ƺ˭ҲԸԷǾôĿŰؿǱʹԼ̵Ƶҩ
¡
ΪҪܳʱʱһը죡
ţؿǰҩ֮Ʈһ
ɵһչ¶ţ
ؿһЦһߵĸù״ˣҲ޼ԪѾˣ
ã
ҲǿЦ˼˿̵һߣƺܵһĸţϢѾˣ
ؿʧܣһ߻ᣡ
ؿɹˣ˵˳ɹѡ
һѾȥˣʱİһйƤĸо
ӾȻƳҩ޼Ԫļٵİ
϶ˣû뵽ӻ
ھͿǰʦˣʦֿ̫һ֮еĵһ
ϣʦܹ˵Ͱʦ֣
һȺ˿ŴʱĳҲļ١
ؿûгɹǿ϶һٵ䣬˼ҳɹˣʣµֻеǡ
ղһָ߸ϲһĸоǵҲҲˡ
ڴǰܹƳɹ
Ļ̫Ҳ̫˲
˿̣
׿е˶ǽĿŰ񣬶˵ѾԹŻɽһ·ˣ
˵ˣڴĻ漣ˣ
漣֮Ա֮Ϊ漣ǲʲô˶ܹġ
һİ񣬻һ߻ᣡ
ڵİо綾κεĻˡ
״˿̿Ű׿е˵ڲֹĻĶӲƲɹᵱ
˵ʲôʦһɹģ͢ŭһ
׿ı׵ĻҲǸϽˣʦȥĿҪ˰ۡǲ˷۱
׿еɫҲѿĺܣҡڲ
ΪףĲԼĶڼˣΪϣԼĵܹһ̫ڵ漣ģ
ۡ
ڰ׿ԥ֮ʣһѪգŨŨѪ̫ڶմȾһ˿Ϣ
ǰˡ
׿пԼѾǿ֮ĩҲŭһֱӳԼĶӳ˹ȥ




3430  ֮
 

һʱ
ѾһѪ֮Уҵĳƺһ̻ΪӢۣ
͢Űһʱ֮ڰˣҲʿˮһʱ䲻֪˵ʲôˡ
ȻһＵףҲ̫ڵһӣ
˾ȻҲܵȥˣ
ûûεĻҲ̫ڷչ˵ĳ̶ˡ
ȿȿȣ
ԼϵĻУ˿ȥɫԲ԰ף
㡭û°ɣ
׿Ĺ֮ɫȥЩûڲ
״ˣҡһܳŵסֻŶˣ
Ҳǳ֮ɫû뵽֮˾Ȼ˵ǿᣡ
ĳʤѣֳˣĻҿҲĶ֣
ؿһĸղǵȿ֮ǱЩˣ
͢ؿҲһڵ˭Ҫè޺ӼٴȱʦĻֵõţ
£
׿еߣһ忴ԼϴģҲŭһ
ѾؿԼӱQҪ裿
Ϊϵһ֪ԼҪԼ֪ߵغСһļˣ
״ˣһ̫ˡ͢ʮֵĲ
һ˵̫ˣ˼ҵʵҲԿǿʳ磬ʵ˾Ͷ𾴡𣿡

Ĵ
һԼһֱ˵ĽʽҲˡ
͢Ҳ޻˵һԵӣڶʵĲؿ
״ʱҲǳŰķ˹ȥֻǵƵʱҲӵɵϴʵ㡭Ȼ֮
졭֮
ʵһֱҪԼеʲô
ǰ׿лǶ֮ˣǼһɫĲ֪
ǰжļʮֵԣֻܹжΪжˡ
еʲôԼҲ֪
ֹ֪֡Ǽеʲô
׿дʱףҲЩ⡣
ԼʧȥȴܹȻԼĶӵĻ׿ΪԼҲˣ
ԼԼΪصһӣҲδ̫ڵϣ
ĳ²ĲĻӦǼΪ֮
׿ŰҲЩ粻˵
֮ĪĪ֮Ͼ綾
׿ȻҲ˵֮ģֻ֮弫Ϊĺ
һ˵֮磬ɽѾǷǳˡ
ܹ֮壬˵Ǽܵ顣
˿̣
˵֮ʱ򣬰׿Ѿǳ׵±ˡ
˵֪֮ĻҲûκοԽİ취
֮֮ɢĶ˶ޱȣҰӦ֪ÿһ֮˴ĶضǲһģҲǸ˵ĻҪӼǲܵģ
׿Ű׿УҲǳ
ʵʱҲһĲΪɽԼһͬĻԼŰϪ
Լž֮壬ղſƵʱ׵Ժ֮еһӦľԼŮ˰Ϫ
磬Ϊ˸ˮѰܽ𵤵ĲϣҲͣ㣡
ڰϪϢûüȥѰأ
û뵽̫ڿ˰Ȼ֮һҲЩĳ
ĸϪйصĻôȻҲҵԼŮ˲ǣ
֮⡭ⲻܰ
΢΢ҡͷȻѹҲ֪Լ֮ˣ
ǰȷǲܣ׿г֮ǿǼΪʣʷԲ֮ڼǴݲĴڣȻȥǵȵط
֮Ǹճ֮ʱȷˣǾ˼֮ԭܿƵȴȫԿơ˺ڿ֧ԼʵӰ졣
׵˵˵ԭİϪȷǷǳΣա
Ǿɽٺ֮󣬰ϪѾȫƿԼˡ
Ҳˣ
׿е˵ĻѾǲˣ
׿еΪʲôô˵ʵҲǸݼغ;ġ
Ϊʷ֮Уûܹ̫֮õء
ÿһ֮ĳ֣ٵһκƽ٣
׿Щ㵵ʵ
̫ڵļ£Լȥɻżȥһأ
ô˿̿Ű׿Ҳ˳
׿õĻҲżʲôڶżƾʲôżûпֹ˵ôվһߵš
㡭
ô˿Ҳǻðɣû뵽̫ڵȻԼһס
ŭգסˡ
һԵؿȴѾ̲סߣǶ֮䲻ĻͲҪǶİʲô°
ɵȱ⡭
ؿﳰ֮ʣһ̶úؿһԵİ׿е˶סˣ




3431  ˭˭
 

ɵȱ⣡
⼸һ̫ڵĹ㳡һƬȻ֮ɫ
˼һ̶Ƕ׿ȥҪ֪ҲǶ֮ˡ
˼ҵĻܻ֣
˵˾ûƷ
䲻𣬶˶Ѽҵ֣
㡭˭㾹Ȼ˵ң
ؿ˵ҲסˣһԵøɫ˼㡣
ÿԼӱ裬Ҳ伱˰ɣȻ
ظλֹ̫ڵĿˣ̫֮ˡۣǿҲǴԼĹ۵ɣ
׿дʱҲǲ죬Ȼڻף
һ˼ԼӵķǷأ
ԣ
ĸڵǺôȻҲԹۡ
ټûؿ̫ڡ
׵ĻʵΪ̫˵
Ϊİ׿УȻܲˣ
ô˵˸̫ҲûʲôϵˣõѹһӸǵ׵ϡ
׵Ŀһõ֮ܵҶߺģΪǶû˻ôΰ
˭˵ˣֻ̫ڵȷҲʲôܹ֮ӢŰ
ҲǿЦ˼һ˵Ҳǻ

ѾǴˣΪĻôĻ
˵ˣʵһҲǳֵ׼ġ
ؿʵȷҲľˣ
ؿЦһȷţȴǣοҲֳ˵ɵȱ㻹ۣ࣬
ԭĳĲڸ̫ڵ飬д豾ĲˡƫƫǶ֮˿̣˵㲻ǸɵȱʲôΪԼʲô˲Ļɫ
׿ؿҲЦһ
ؿ񲻿ҲҪѰһֵġ
𵤣ǶҪģ̫ˣѾǱˣ
ʱǴؿӮĻҲ׿ıѿǣ
ԣѡʱ֣
׿п׸ؿˣҲ΢΢ü
⵹ǻ̫ڵΣһֻˮĸоֻˮ·Լȥġ
ڶѾ˾֮ôղŵıǲûпؿû˵
Ȼ˵ĻĳҲҪһҩ֮ǲôĴ񣡣
׵˵ֳ費ģ̫֮һľ֣
ֺ׿ıƺЩ˾ռһ㣬֮дһ˿ľϲ֮ɫ
ƾؿ̵
ЦһǸǲ֨һĳûôˣƤӣ
úúãղĳ̫ڿвͷġأóʲôͷؿһ֮ˡ
׵˵ɸң
ûôֵǮɣؿһμ˵
˵ʵ˵ʵҲûʲô
𵤣ǿɶǼֵǵı
һ֮˵ȻҲܹ֮Ტۡ
˵䲻ģǿߵʾǿߵоЩԵȵ˼
οһλ𵤣
ҪΣ׵ʵ
ؿһЦ򵥵ĺܣҪ֮ǰ㳡֮Ϲд־Ϳˣ
ļ֣
ʱע⵽׵֮ѾɱƵ֡
ؿ׵ģҲν˵дҩеɣ
ԣޱĵͷĳӮˣĳҲһǱ
˼ãҴӦˣ
ؿ·Ϸ˼䣬Լģ
ҩǿߣƵʱʧܵĿԡ
Ƶ޼ԪѾǴﵽƷ·ĲΣ
Ҫ֪ʵʾ۷ѣ
˵ԽƵҩˣǿԽѵһ
ؿŵĵĸԭףðһһҪսԼôԼĶ֮л첻ˣ
׿дʱ˵ĳ嶯Ҳǵֹӣûйϵֺαء
ɷΪΪ۸ſˣҲҪҶϡο¹˭ֻδ֪ء
ð׿Ҳѣ
ڰ׿пؿʵǷǳǿˣֻһ߶Լˣ
ֺ׿ıȻҲǵĲѣ׵Ĵ֮Ҫƽ֮غܶˡ
׺ؿһε˹㳡룬֮Īڷ͢ˡ
Ϊһ˵ǺϢ




3432  Ӳ͢
 

̫ڹ㳡֮ϣ
ܶ˿һİӰһεĳҩ˹ȥҲһľ̾
ԭʧ̫֮һ˵ȣҲüѡ
ߣǿͷ
͢ףҲһ˿м֮顣
Ϊ״ʱ̫ڵĻ˵ĻҲܹ˵óڵġ
֮ڷ͢ȼգ
ڣϣһӮĻȻһ뵽ؿ
Ե˽һչ¶š
׿ɨһһԵķ͢͢ݵúֹΪ̫ɱʣ̫ΪĿˡ
ˣʵôȥһεĶۣ
͢Ű׿УҲӲͷƤ
һһô˵أ
Լȥȥ˻˵ĵģ͢ô㱾ôбҲֹһȡ尡Ϊڶս㾹ȻйгҲӺô
ֿɲ͢κεӣֱԲ˵
ʦ֣ǲ̫ˣ
׿ıɫҲѿĺܣ˭˵鶼Ǻܺܵġ
׿г͢ĻҲûеֹӵȷЩ嶯˰
ǰ͢ȻҲǵֹӡ޼ԪҩһӦö֪ģҩʲôΪҲĽ˰ɣ
һȻҲΪԼĶ˵䣬ȻҲ֪ԼĶӸղ˵ʮֵĹ֡
ǻڣ
׵ȷǷǳĳ嶯Ϊʲôأ
ҩôˣֹӾͲƳôҵΪֹû⡣ǸʲôؿƳҪһЩ
ڶһ֮ţ
žԴ֮ǰԹǵ׿Խı֡
ڿ׻һӣǷˡ
ԭһֱΪһ嶯֮ˣʵˡ
ĺܳ嶯ô
־ײǳ嶯ǵʮ㡣
׿ıҲǳֹӵȷҩţɽҲ˹Ŀ࿴ģ
ı㻹ҩ̫ڳˣһССɽҲ˵óڣἰĻҵȶ֪ɽǸʲôط
͢׿ıĻһε䳰ȷ
˵ʵ
ʲô𣿣ɽʲô
˭֪϶ǶҪ̫̫ˣɽǶʤһСطѡ
ʤڶҲһĵط
һСطҩԣڷ͢ȶ򳬼ҩŵĺĵӿһеѡ
ЩΪԼôأʲôʸ񿴲ֹأ
͢Ȼʲôʸ񿴲̫ڵĺĵӣ˵أ
ˣڱ죡
׿п⼸һ֮Խ˵Խ񻰣ҲЩŭˣ
һҲǴԲȿֹ˵ɡ
ԶĹ㳡֮ϣ
ؿֶδУΪղѾƳɹˡ
ھҪ׵ܹܲƵĳˣ
ҾһöѾƺõ޾Ԫԣ飿
ؿȻĿף׷С
׿һؿԣ
ãܹƳԽҵ޼Ԫôһжעؿϣؿ
׵ƳһؿȷϻˣȻҶҰǱҪ׼
СӻǸڰҵҪҩ֮ǲǸһ
ؿ޵֮⣬˵ɵȱһ㶼ûѹ
ؿ˽׵Ļһ̾Ӧˣ
ϣһ㻹Цĳ
ЦһͬŵؿҲ
ľְֵļһȻܹЦĳ
治֪ɵأôأ
ݣ
ؿü֮ʣѾǶˣ
ǰЩҩһԵȫ뵽ҩ֮Уʱ̫ҲǷһľ̾
ҩĵ˳ȻȺģһﾹȻ޹˼ɵֱȫҩĸŪȥˣ
ؿЦһǸɵȱⲻ˷ҩô
һԵҲ΢΢ҡͷⶫ֮˺ôϲ̫ʧˡ
״ˣ˷ǵö֮˼ʶʶڵҲۣǻԼ֮У
ؿãҲ¶һ˿ŵЦݡ
Ļο˵츳˷ɹ֮ȥɼ̳ڴͳʱؼҾͿ㷢ˣ
״˷ĺˣһоڿĿ֮С̫ڵ֮Ǿֱȥһұˡ
ؿҲǳڴ֮ɫҪΪ

Ըδʱ򣬺Ȼ֮㳡һ󾪺֮
һɫ̫ڼ˶ɵˡ




3433  ôɹ
 

ɫ𣿣һﻹЩడ
ô꣬ƺûаɫֹ
֮ǰйɫֹһǲʲô
˵˰һЩһҲ˵أ
̫ڵĹ㳡֮ϣ˶Ǿ㵵Ŀǰľ
Ǳ׵İɫ𾪵ˣ
ֻδ֪˭Ҳ˵𵽵Ǻǲ
㳡һ࣡
׿еҲǲ첻ѣɫЩʴӡ
з
˵׵İɫǸ
ȻǰɫǺ
׿ҲзŹ⣬Ȼɫʮֵ쳣
һӦɫķˣ֮ɫ𲢷ʲô̫ϡ飬һЩɫʮֵļ߰
ɽˣиɫҲġ
͢һٴ̲סĲ廰
ֲмһ֮г˱ĵζ
Ȼ֪׵ҩ֮жôǿ󣬵ܹѦ죬Ǿ֤˴˵ʵɲˡ
ҽβˣҩ֮
ҲôȷҪ˵׵ɫǼߵĻľòᣡ
׿ıǿƹҩģĻڴġ
ȻҲ֪޼ԪȷǼΪƵһҩ
һһ̾һʵ߲Ҳ˵ҩַȴԹά
һԵĽҩȫ룬Ǿﵽ£Ҫ׼ĲٿȻѶȼġȻȷǿƳƷʵĵҩ
׿Ҳһҩʦ˵ĻǷǳĿŵġ
͢Цһˣһ飬ֱЦˣ
ôֹ֪׿ıЩŭˡ
ıҿǹ˰ɣһֵôȥάô͢ҲЩ߳ŭˡ
ԼİŮŴΪ˵ŭԼ
Ƿ͢ƢٺãҲŭˡ
ֹ֮ǰɽҩʱôģҳɹˣ
׿ıŷ͢Ҳ˵ȻڲκβϢ
ɽҩֵ͵ȼĵҩĿԽҳɹ޼ԪʦӦ֪ʲôƷĵҩɣҩǿɲʲô༶ҩ߳ȼҩԱģ
͢ҲǲаˣʱҲǸ׿ıˣ
ˣνֻ˿ЦҵӦͬЭΪֹӼͣ
׿Ҳ֧ˣȻ֪׳ɹϣ
һ㣬׵İɫһ˿˿ϣ
Ȼˣ֪ϵһ˿ϣѣ
͢Ļ޵ɽʲôⶫƵĵҩʲô
㳡룡
ؼҸҲüףԭһɵؿһɫҲǱˣ
ͻıҲǵǲѣ
Ȼ뵽һ⣬һﾹȻҸԼδûʱ
˵һһҪ˵ĻΪλһߵ˵ĵز
Ĭѣ
ؿڽĶŶƵҩס
˿̣
׸ǰҩѾǻ׵ϷԼϵĴ߶ڵУ
һһҩ¶˲ҩ֮еҩҲ𽥵Ŀʼڻˣ
ʵϣ
ɫҩ˵ҲǼΪѣϾڵľֻܹǿ֧š
׵֮УǿӵľĶҩʦġ
ȻĻľʵ𣬵ľȴ쳣ǿ
޼Ԫ׺ͻľ֮£ҲȲţ
ټĲ֧Ԯ˵ȵҩһʧģ
ֻڵĵĲƲҩǵĻϽⵤҩƵƷ̫ã
ľҲɵӣʵѾԿƵҩƷˣ
ɫ𲻶ϵҩ֮дһһҩģʱҲһһţ

ĵȴ֮ʣ׺Ȼ֮һ
˵Ŀһӱ㼯ϣһҲǾ
Ѿǽβˣ
ԭҩ׵һ֮ɢһϢ
ϢڶʱγһУԭɢһ۳Ϊһ㣡
ϵѹ
׵ĶͷҲǲ˺飬ȥʮֵĳ
أ
һѵҩ֮ը죬ܿҩͻָƽ
ڰ׿еü֮ʣһƮζ˵ĸǰɢ˿
ôɹˣ
ȵҩɵζһ׿е𾪵ĿŶףҲЩš
ؿӸĿɿڴĿǰһУпһ¡




3434  һֹ
 

žһƬ
̫ڹ㳡֮ϣ˵ĿⶼǽĶ׸ǰҩ
ɹƣ
ǰ׿еڶüɵ顣
ʵȴƫƫǵ󱳵ۣ
ɹˣ
һ׵ĳɹ˴Ĳ𺳣һϵУ
Ϊһ̣״ĲǸˣһ
ϷڵͻȻƣ̫ڴֲ
Ϊ˸Ĵۣ
ȻǸĴȴҲûʲôǶ棡
Ϊһ̫ҪԼļſڶһʱϣˣ
ϣ֮ǰһΪľ
ɡɹˣȻɹˣ⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ǿҩһﵽʲôʵȻܹɵƳҩ
ɲզΣΪһ϶ǰˣû뵽Ȼоϲ
Ҳ˵̫ˣҪ֪ǸһƷ·ĵҩ
ǰûдﵽ·Ҳǰ׳ô
̫ڵһ˵ȣǼҩʦ
Ͼ̫ҲҩҩʦȼҲʮֵȷ
ܹƳҩģ̫Ҳ޼
˵ˣϣǱûϣҪǰɣ
ֱʧܣһϣûˣڻһ˿ӮĿԣ
׵ߣ
׿еѾߣǿɫҲʮֵļ
ֹӹȻеŰ
׿Ҳǲסҡҡͷƺھ̾ʲô
˵ģˣ˼ҩļѾǵǷ켫ˡ
֮Ҳ˿ģȳӦõӦеأ
һԵķ͢ѾǱĿɿڴ޲ҪҸطȥźá
׿Ű׿Ҳ΢΢һЦҲ
ֹӣģ׿ıҲ˴Ĵָ¶˵΢Ц
һԵ֣ʱ׵ѾǴ
һǸ޾ľϲָоԼļʶʵ̫ˣ
ôˣûпһܹԼ˵ľϲ
˵ֶھԼŵѾǳ׵ʧȥĵĻôƺ׸ˣ
ЦһֹӹȻûʧĳЩһֱΪǣҪɷһôġ
˵꣡
ֵĿһεһԵķ͢ϡ
˿̵ķ͢âڱоζѾ޻˵ˣ
žžģԼİŮǰôڻҪ˵ЩʲôҲˣ
һ忴һԵķ͢Ҳŭһӣȥ߻Ӳô
״ˣƳˣѲɾһӮ𣿡
͢ҲЩŭˣڷǸܹ䣡
ΪһˣֻҪ˵Ҫ
˽뷨Ǳ֪ĻҪˡ
һһ㡭
׿Ҳ͢Ѳϣֹ䲻ɣ
ˣҡֻǡ
͢Ҳ֪Լһʱļ¶Լʵ뷨˶ˣ
ߣû뵽㾹ȻƳ޼Ԫ
ؿ˿ɫҲ粻ԼĸҲߡ
˵ʵ
ؿû뵽һȻƳҩҪ˵ſ϶Ǽٵġ
ϾƵĵҩҲʲôƷƷƷĵҩ
Ƴ˵ҩҲƷĵҩ
ͿƷҩǼ·ˣǴﲻ·Ļô
΢΢̧ͷ˿ؿЦһֿȥЩŰ֮ǰƺЩ̫һ
㡭ѿ֮ʲô˼ȻѾƳˣǾóҿˣĳȻԸķ䣡
ؿɫ˵ʵʮֵĽˣ
˵Ļǿľְ
ؿԭΪԼٷ֮ӮģĿԣܲô
Ҫ˵Ļ֪ճˣ
ɱڴΪһֹӵĵҩɡ
׿дʱ׺ؿҲǵ˵
ؿŰ׿Уװν˵ҪģȻȤǾɰԼɣ
һ̣
˵ĿⶼŰ׿У˿̵Ҳǻĳҩķȥ
ݣ
һɫĹâҩ֮зɳһŽ覵ĵҩʱ˰׿еУ
ϸĶ֮󣬰׿еɫԭһرչ˿
ֹӹȻǼһ޼ԪȻﵽƷ·
Ű׿ǿŵЦݣһ̫ڷˣ




3435  ŵ
 

Ʒ·
ؿıһ̱ˣ׺䶥һ㣡
һеϣŰ׿е仰ֱӺȻʧ
Ʒ·
ӲĶһ·һֱ˲ڽµС
ΪʲôƫƫǶôһأ
һƷʲôģؿԼ޺ˡ
ƫƫͶôһأ
һ·
һﵽ͸ҸԼ
ϾҩϵʮֵĴһһʧĻǻϾЪˡ
ƫƫһɹˣҽһأ
ļֱͲһˡ
ܣԲܣôʱҲЩʧķһĿŰ׿С
ܳĽҲԸĽ
ԼĶĽڵĽҲϷĽ֮һ
һƺƴ׼ŰһôҲû뵽Ȼģ
ߣظҲ֮ˣƷĵҩӦòῴɣ
׿һǵҩѾǳõķ򻮳һߡ
òδ֣ǵҩѾĸǰ
Ƶöҩ֮Ҳǿһ£ʶĳ
״ˣǰ·ؿЩĿԼĸס
¹ôܹأ
οڿ̫ڣڣҪӣҲߵģ
ĸˣҪһ֮ߣһ㡣
ԣ
һȷ׵ĵҩƷصĻôǱˡ
ظôưˣղŲǽĺܺôǶȷˣһվʹظǲ̫˰
׿ҲǽԼŭһȫй˳ȥһ֪
ʵϣ
ʱ䲻ѾһĻ
ԹԺӻ̫ڵİ׿УѾкøˡ
ΪʲôôżŶ
һҪԼʦһ棬Ҳ֪ҪmԿôͱҪǿĻ
ڶʤݿ϶ǲеģͼ¶Ҫڶĵط
ԭĳδȡĳȷҪһζĵҩԡ
׿Ű׿УҲʱʱ˳
׿аڰֵԭ˵ģֹΪҶ̫һ棬Ӧֹӵġ
лҲǹֵ
ֹ֡ӡ
ô˿̿ףҲЩ΢΢
¹ԼӵʱţĻϾǽԼĶˡ
ظ𵤣ĳȻҲҪġ׵˵
û⣬϶ûֹӣֻֻ¡һҪֹӣֹӡ
ҲǱÿ˺֮ܶ࣬һ˿֮ɫ
״ˣȻһҲκ˵ͷ
ؿԼĸ׾Ȼ˱ϥĸ飬Ȼ֪ʲôˣ
ؿƢ꣬ҲǷǳĸ߰
ȻܹķʽȡԼ棬ȻҲȥ
ĳˣ֪ظǷҪĳ
ײδشõĻѾһԵؿˡ
ʵϣ
ײҪϷˣĿһͳޣϷҲԼδ֮һ
𵤣ҪĶ
ԣѵųˣ
ؿȳţ׶Ȼȥġ
ֻǲŽĥοȥҲǺѵġ
ľַش֮
ô򵥵ĵѲɲô
ֹӣǧĳ֮ĸȷǡ
Ҳ֪Ӧô˵ˣ˵ݡ
ΪףҲûκεİ취
ԼһȻӣҲ΢΢һ̾
Լӻǰ˾ŲҪ˰
ɫһĳɱ֮ˣֻ
ֹֻҪһκεҪҵȱضȫϣ
ÿףҲǹ
ҪҲǲܡ
׵˵ԭ߰ؿ׵ĻҲǲȻ˶䣡
ֹӣ̫㡭׿п׾Ȼ˴ȣҲüѡ
߲亦
ô򵥵ĵֹӲ֪ô
֮ʣĽǱİ
װڰֵĳܼ򵥣ؿΪ֮֮꣬󷽿ɷϷ򣡣
򡭡ꣿؿɫһ䣬Ϊūһꣿ
ֻһҪ׼˵ȥʱѾֱӵֹӣҴӦˣ֮ĳȻٴ̤㶫ӭǣ
úԥ뿪ؿҲĿɿڴ
ʣµһˣһ֪׺«ʲôҩ
ôһŶʱըԼߣĺô
ֻ˭Ҳ֪ѾǴһУؿĳúõһǱˡ
һеǰᣬǶؿҪԼѪ
ȻˣҲżһʱˡ




3436  Ϫ
 

̫ڣ
׿д׵˽ȥУ𵤺Ѿ֣׵鵹ҲǷǳĲ
ֻڶ˵һҪ졣
Ǳ̽һ񵽵ʲôط֮ˡ
ʱ䲢ǷǳĳʱҲûлȥѰҰϪ
˰ϪϢôܹ׵ķأ
Ȼˣ
׿еʵҲҪ׵ûа취ԼĶӡ
ΪԼ츳ĶӣӰ׿еҲͿ֪ˡ
һȣ׿ѾǷԼӵľΡ
ΪǸ֪ԼĶӵʲô
ֹӣ֮ǰΪڵԱûϸѯ֪ڡ
׿пףҲЩڴ˵
ֹӣʦ֣
׿ıʱŰɫҰ׵ģһҲǾء
׿ıһǹмӣʱԼĴһ
ԣ׿ıҲǷѾ˼
յõ˱߹ȴҲûܹԼʦ֡
֮ǰ׵Ļ׿ıλִܵĿء
΢΢ͷ֮ǰȷǴæĺܣ׹ӵĲҲûϣġ
˻棿
׿һ׵ĻҲǼʵ
ĳ̫ϲЦ׵˵
Ϊ˻֮ʵ׵ȷ˺ܴģҪΪ֮ĻҲΪ
ϾڵʵҲˣ
ǰİ׿ʵǿᣬƾʲôô˵أ
νո˵׵ҲԴźܶĳɹ顣
֮ȷǷǳԸΣΪڣھѾﵽһĵز
ǿصĻʱ򲻵ûãһá
֮ǰ߹ʱѹƵĻ֮ǰ˵ƼӾ˶ص֣
ֹܹԺֹӵ̫ھԲü
׿пףҲǹ
һΣ׿ǽ׵һˣ
˼ʲôطĿǰ˼ҵ츳δǲġ
׿ô˵һΪ˸мףһʵҲбȵɣ
׿Ȳεˣôôĸأ
Ȼ˵ĳܲľĳȴҲұ֤һܹɹ
׵ĻȻҲ˵Ͼ֮Ҳǵһγԡ
һ׵ĻҲЩ˵ԭǽ֮ˣܹȻǸмֲܾңҲǺ顣
˼ӵֱףȻ˾ĹͣͲҲĴ
ûκεѹ

Ȼûеһܹ˵һҲ֮еΣ
֣֪֮еģ׿ŰΪ֮ǰ˶ӣҲû˵
ڣΪĵһ⡣
غϪ٣ҲеҪ֪
˿ףЩüֹӣ⡭һҪ˵𣿡
ôˣ׿Űʵ
ЦһʵĳҲֻǲ²⣬ΪĳҲ֪ԼʲôطĶ
ԼҲ֪׳ĺһĪǸɵô
ԼʲôʱжģѾ֪
ɫһֹӣʮǰĳҴ޵ڶ֮ʱһŮһġ
˵ȥ
ŰĻҲɫÿ
ֵֻ֪߲ĵҲ֪ġ
οҲû˵ľһԼŰϪ
򣡣
׵ȷģǿǳ֮ǿһˣ
һĳǰڨλŮӣֻλŮݱ䣬ƺʮֵų⡣
Ϊ׿Űʵ
̾һȻˣĳΪļʶҪȥקסλŮӣɵץסŮһ˲䣬һĪĺ뵽ҵ壬Ҳ֪ԼʱЩ嶯ˣҲûھȥ
ԭ΢΢üͷҲǷŰ񵭵ʵȷǷ֮֮һû뵽ǺðڨһλŮӱȾ֮ˡ
ʵҲûʲôֻŮӺ֮Ҿ͸оʮֵĲȻ͡Ҳ̾һ
׹ӣɷΪĳһŮӵĻ񣿡׵ʵ
񣿡Ҳסˡ
һԵֵ˿ҲǾ㵵ʵֹӣҪʲô
ԺǾͻ֪ˣ
ܿ죬ʿʼ˶Ůӵ˻滭
Щ֮ˣҪһǷǳɵģһһЦʮֵĴ
Ϥӻӳ׵֮УײȻҲ¶һ˿ЦĲ²˳٣ĳΪֿɡ




3437  ɾ
 

һȻ
׿еڵˣһȦ
׵ģһǲʲôð
ȻҪ񻭳λŮӵĻĪһǸɫ֮ͽɣ
׵ߣҲݺ軷Ƶְ
ֻһԵ׿ıǼξߢ֣
Ҳ˰
Щֻǲ²⣬Ȼײ˵ôҲöʡ
˼ǵĶ֮˸ȤҲ˵أ
˭룬׿ǸŮӵЦΪԼҵԼأ
˿̣
ڽʣ׺Ͱˣ
һ˵ȶǼڴֺ£Ϊغ
ɼŪ˰̫Ҳûκεİ취
˽еĸоȷǺܺá
׵Ǵһ˿Цݣڻһ˿ϣ
֮ǰЩԵϣ˵һЩڴС
ˣǰҲûʲô
һʲô뷨Ҳ޼ˡ
ſ̬Ҳڸ̫ѹ
ȫɣھٶȾԽԽã
׿ŰҲ˵
һȻڲٿԼǴﵽһֹ״̬
ԵĽֹǲܵģеһжԵģ
ˣ
һ֮׵ڱŷεðһİУ
ʲô
ףҲЩĿɿڴ
һҪ˵񣡣
һҲǸϽ۾ǰһС
֮ϵ͸˰ڣʼסڵ֮
ϸ΢
ʹõǻ֮԰ЩصĻĻӣʵûκεôģ
ʱĻ֮һǧĸо
һ˿һĶزϵĿʼ֮ѹͨıƳ⣡
Ҫ˵ƵĻһεƱ֮֮ǰԬХֵĵҪ̫̫ˣ
ⲻһι˵Ĺ̶ѣ
һһΣ
֮ڰڹţʵҲǽ츳˲١
Ͼ˻֮ˢľ֮ˢľȻҪ̫ˣ
Ȼ֪ԼڲܹƺԼĲ飬ǿ츳ȼ
֪ĻζܹЦˣ
һʱʱ
һθоȷޱȣһԻ˿ղŰϪĻ
ܿ죬ʱһζ
ڴʱ׵ҲѾǽӽβˣŶԽԽ٣׶԰ˢĴҲԽԽˣ
Ȼδ۾ƺҲǸһݵ棡
ңÿһεľˢƺԼԽԽ
ΪǿߣԼôָܹأ
ˣ
׼򵥵֣ðһ¡
۾ǰףҲǳ˲ŵģ
͡ô򵥣
оǷǳļ򵥣ûп̫ķʱ
ΪʱַжûС
̫˰ɣ
ôֶָ޿κεĲ˼߾Ȼ˵ɣ
ֱ̫˼ˣ
ɴ۾ףоԼһ汦
׸Ī˵򵥣ǣвأֵСûˡĳҲΪûѹԸղܹӵıȽӦԼ˵ġ
ԭԭˣôֶǰĳľˣܰĳһݣ
˵꣬
׵Ҳûȥ֪ⲻǰԼһַʽ
ڱ֮ʵϰѹҲǷǳĴġ
ܹţ˭Ըȥأ
ʲôطλŮӵģһεʵ
ǸطҲֻ֪һţȥĻĳԸһ𡣰ĳҲҪŮΪ˵Ķ񶾡
ôΰ㻹𲻳ɣû˵
кβɣһڨðĳһأĳҲ޿ɺǰɣ
ǣôĳ֤һֲͬ
׿ŰҲһ˿ײЦ
⡭⡭ǡ
ʵڰϪʹ޲ѣϾԼҪ׷ѡ
ȴһһ˵Ľ˭ܵˣ
ҲֻǷݣʵĲȥϾ֮ʵЩ̫ˣ
ţҲұ𣿡Цһ
֣ǡˣ⡭ⲻܰɣ񾪿ֵĿףоһĴ㵡
Ҳ̫˼˰ɣ
׵˵ˣͲҪˣʱȥһˣ
ã֣ϡͿĵͷϵã֮ɫδɢȥ
ʱİ׿еȴѾǼȹϵˡ




3438  ŵ
 

̫⣡
ȥð׿ΪĵǣϾһʧԼĶӿ¾ûˣ
ȻѾԤϵǵԼĶҪͷʱ̣Ϊ׵쳣Ľţ
׿˫ȭ߬Ŀ֮һ˿֮ɫȥʮֵĽš
һĳĬֳĬһֱѹ֣
׿ıʱŰ׿еģҲǰοˣֹӼȻ˵Ծʦ֣һǿԾȵġ
ǰ˼ȻֹӣֹӱȻԴ漣
һҲǳʵ̫ʮֵĽš
һߣ˭߸أ
οǿΪ̫ڶһ³ȷǱ׳ޱȵġ
׿΢΢һ̾һ壬Ҳ˵ˣǲһ漣
ؿվ˵ĸǰ֮ĳйоֻ涾ҩɽ⡣
ؿȻʮֵĹ°Ҳˣ
ţ
ΪūȷƲȴûκεİ취
˭أ
ؿȴҲʼЩǸ֮ˣΪǻĻ޿ֵĻš
ٴһ˵˵Լ֮ϰ
㡭˵ʲôأŭһͲҪϹ˵°ܽ£
ĳֻʵʵ˵ѣ֮֮Ա֮Ϊ֮壬ǾΪ涾ûпɽ⣬ܽĻҲ֮Ϊ֮ˣ
ؿƶ˵ھԼʵЩ̫ſˡ
ȻҲ֮˵ȷʮֵǿ
ǿҲϹţİɣ
Ҫ֪ǿ֮尡Ѿ˵ܹܹô
ֱǶϷ֮԰
ߣɱ㣡һҲŭɶ
׿аڰֵˣҲ˵ʵѣ֮ȷ涾֮ǰҲǼ֮ļأҲΪʲôڸоûκϣԭ򣡡
ܲ˽ֹӣûϣĻֹӶȻȥҽεġֹһԵġ
ֿŰ׿УǱ˶Ҫţ
ڿӣľͱˡ
Ҳ֪ҪİףǾͱ׿ˡ
ҪȽǿ϶Ҫֵ֧ġ
ƾһ֮ҪԿˣǲܵġ
ﵹǲ֪Ŵģ
׿п־Ȼ˵ţҲüѡ
ؿһҲ΢΢ҡͷĿԾȻֵĻĳԺһֹհԹԣ
ؿҲ˵ģʵ벻׿һġ
ΪѹҲûдСӳԼģ
ؿİҲΪã츳ĶڷǳǱ֡
ҲҲٳԺȻұ۰
ߣΪֹ֮ū˵ĻǲЦתͷŰ׿еֹӾȻֵأ
ѾȣֹľȻĻԺ̫ڱֹӵĵڶҡ
׿Ҳ˵ģľȻԼĶӡ
ԼĿ̫ڵǰ;ȥһˡ
Ͼ׵츳ʵЩߵˣʱȥȵĻʲôʱȥأ
ϣʱܹ˵Цһ
͢˿̿ˣʵЩﲻס˵㻹ĵ֮һҲйоġԪ֮ǰĳ޳ֹ֮壬֮һڶ̶֮һ޼˴ĸ֡
Σֹ˵ܾȣǾܾȣʵӲ
͢ŭһţҲҪи޶ȣʵ֪ʲô
Ŷ㵹˵˵ֲм˵
͢һ֮ǰȷҿۣܹؿҲʮֵֻΪ̫ǷһˡҽεĺҰʦֻҽβãûκεʧ𣿡
ߣС֮ĶȾֹ֮ں̫ڵһôΪıѣΪֱЦ
ŷ͢ĻҲʮֵĲˬ
ȻҲ֪͢˵ĻпܵģЩ˵ľ̫ˣ
οô
ֶ׵˽⣬һ˵ĸ߰ôںһҩŵأ
ԼʵѾĪˣ
֨
۲֮ʣ׵Ӱ˵ĸǰ
ɫİ̫ѾǼѡ




3439  ɸΪУ
 

񡭡
׿һԼӳʱһѾǳ嵽ԼĶӸǰ
һ̶˸״кˣ
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һ˵ʶͬһ̶ס˰񣡣
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׿еüͷԭĽչһɷԷθЦݳϡ
״ˣֹΪų˶أѾûˣ
ҲʮֵļѾӦһʱ䣬ԱȽϵƽˡ
ŰĻҲǶݺݵĵһ۷͢ȻһЦֹӣҾ֪һеģ
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׵ǵ׿ıļıʦѾûˡһҲ˵ĺܣĶˣ
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ܺèèֻҪץǾǺè
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˵꣬׿кͷһѾ׼¡
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Ŷֹ¾ܿͷ̫ܹģһüͷ׿Ҳظ
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ʧȥһܹȻԼĶӵĻǺԥġ
ֻϧǣʱҲҲԼӵİ취
ײڵŪ²̨̫ڵ档
ȻԼĶӣԭýһ졣
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ԼõĶӣǽҪ̳Լ²Ϊ̫˰
һ죬ðΪУ֪
׿Ű׿˵ɣҲǵķʵ
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Ǻεȵǰ
ΪУ˭ڶ˵һ
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һԵķһͷ͢Ҳŵһ£
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һԵؿ׿ıˣѾŵЩ˵ˡ
ؿоԼǲһͷβķӰ
ΪԼǳĿˣҲսһ¶һҩѣ
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ΪⲻǼ򵥵һش𣬶һŵ
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ŶصĴ£ÿˡĳǿȴҲϲѣ
׵ͱˣ׿ǿ̫ڵ
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޺ֹһɳ죬̫ҲȻ֮ԻͲעȻе󣬿ɰĳԸ⣡һ壬أ
׿пһԵķһ壬ҲǿЦ˼ʵ
һԥƬ̵һΨհ
ãĳиǣ
ײδ˵ʲô̫ĻѾ뿪̫ڡ
˷̫֮УȴҲûʧѶԺҪ




3440  ֣
 

̫ڣ
׿кͷһ˿ȥףҲһȻ
ûͷûβһϯЩͷԵĸо
֪׾Բ޵ķʸģ
ʵϣ
һ̿ʼ̫ڵҲǷŸԵת䡣
һеԴͷΪ׿ı׵һ
Եֵֶģ̫ڵһԵҲΪԵֲֶ
̫⣡
׺֡ؿһҲǳǺӽڵķ򼲳۶ȥ
˵֮ǰֶ׻ǰŰɵֵĻôǳģ
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ףɱǴӦҵ鰡
ֿףҲЦһ
˵ǱװʱһĳĶˣⲻҪ޸ĳôٺ١
Ҳʲô˾ˣһĳ̶Ҳһĺݡ
Ϊһǵһˣʵһǿɲʲô尡
һһֻѾˣֻŻ϶ɽ֮УĿǰҲֻаϪһ˶ѡ
ô䲻㻹ôΰû˵
ҿûô˵ֻЩԥǺӽνı׾Բô򵥵顣
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Ȼǲᷴڵģ׼ȻѾʼˣҿɲܱ֤һӮ
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ͷǲҪǿҲֵĻǿľͲ˵˰
ֵν𾳵ǿ߶ܴܣġ
ʲʲô
ؿһ׸ִεģҲƲѣ
ԼоǸһ㣡
ؿžһϢԭΪֻԼǿ
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ʵĻؿҲǲġ
ؿʿˮ⡭ļٵİֹ֡ӺҲʾɣʾսʤ𾳣ûɣ
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ʵԷǳĺãһϲν͹ϵ
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ҡҵȻˣؿΪε˵
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ִʱҲЩǣ׵ִ磬εıʵڲеĻʱҪңֱܾͺˣ
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ü֣˵ĻЩԾ
ʲôвҪֱӾܣѲ׻ʲôΣղɣ
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ɡһЩͬ
һҲЩˣֻȥƺ͡
ô£ﲻԸ֮ĳȴҲȥۏ˻ˮġ
׿֧֧ӣҲɫһʵ




3441   Ȼı
 

ҡ
һҲ֪ôˣΪһǴš
Ȼ׵ĺøвϵΪԼ鲻
ôﲻ˵ˣ
׿֣̬ѾǷ˸Եת䡣
Ϊֲ޸ˣʵҲǿġ

׾Ӧòô򵥵ġ
һ򵥵ı׻֮ǣĿġ
һţŮףЩƵ顣
ǺӽѲɾҲֵż
޵ĻһҪȢǰλò绨Ů˰ɣ
֡ףԲ𡣡ɫһ죬׵
ԲǴӺ˵𰡣׿׼򿪻ϻӣҲüʵ
һ׵㡭֪Ϊʲô֮ǰһֱǺӽڵıֳô
Ҳֵĵط˵ǡû㣬νıҲһ̸Ѱ
׿֣ЩƵʵ
̾һһвǸıѣ
ıʲô˼׳ʵ
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ʦ֣ڵô
ƺһӾֵĻҲǷʵ
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ֿףҲǲסҡҡͷ
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ô˵뿪ǺӽڶܱףΪ˲ʦֳ֣Ͳᱻץǰɣ
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ֻɱָԼģֵָĴʦֻԪ塣
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ǵģ֮ǰҵȷôġֳ
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ҡ£ϣʦֵʱܹ֮һ¡ΪһǲɹһΣ
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Ҿԭŵǣȥһǲֳ֣
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һǡô찡ֹӣһ£ʱҴʦΣյĻ㡭᲻ᡭ
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ƺҲԸ⿴ȥðա
΢΢ҡͷʵڵֻôһˣҵȲȥʦҲδز᲻֡ΪֻǱ㸸׹أ

ֱôһѣҲһ顣
׿ֵ˵Ҳ̫ľˣʦּҪ֣Ҳǻѡһ̣ȥü
ɡʦĳ֣ʱǲµ޵ôѰ
һǵĿףҲǳ˾֮ɫ
ȻǿǲǸ֮һЩ嶯ѡ
ǺӽڵжǿǱ󵽵ûˣ
һȻĺܡ
ҲΪֲϣ׳£һ̳ԥ
ûһЦڲΣգǲЩˣ
ҡ֮ǰȷ˽ˣɫͨ졣
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ˣ׿ؿҲЦеʵ
ҡҿɲ£Ȼִ磬ΣҲһͬܵġؿףʮֵļᶨ
ʵ˵ؿûӵˡ
һ϶ĳ˵ĻĿΪ
ҪϿɣѶȻĲһĴ
ܹ˶̵ʱڣؿϿɣʵѾΪˣ
ǻʲô߰ɡ
׺ؿԹԵĳǺӽڵķȥֵ¶һ˿ĿЦҲǰ¾ġ
ΣˣǻҲҪ




3442  Ǻӽ
 

Ǻӽڣ
̫ڵĶ̫࣬мһΡɽ
ҲйĽģǶǺӽڻ̫˵Ŷİ
̫ں켫һʱʱǺӽҲҪֺ̫ڵġ
Ͼ̫ǿҩţѰһЩſ̫ǿɶҪֱģ
ʱǺӽַǷ
״˸·ǰμӣԴӱ״ᵽڣֻδֹ
ټǱ״ǰ죬һЩè滩ȡ裬Ҳ᲻κεȤ
ǺӽԶ˿һλڸ̨֮ϡ
ļƻЩʧܰ
λӣüĿȥҲʢˡ
˲ǱˣǴ֮ǿ֮һڵĸһ壡
һֱԴԾӣһǺӽڵıȻԶġ
ûжڱ֧֣ôܳأ
ԶôֻΪʾԼҳϣϾԼŮǽڵĽ֮һ
һˣǱڲ²ĲĻȻкϷġ
Զ΢΢һЦ֪Ϸ϶һ졣
Լ֣֮ΪľǴסǻԪ壡
ĿԴסԪĻڼ˵ĳ߽ˡ
һһЦ⵹ĿԴֻŮһֱ֣ôܹסԪأ
Ѿͷʵ˲ĵĺܰԶҲεҡҡͷ
ĳ˵ŮһֱΪڵ龡ľһ
ʲôŮѾǻعǺӽˣ˵ˣһ򲽽ʲôأ
Զû˵ⶫڵʵЩ̫Сˣ
ĳһЦѣֺαصأ˵ˣǳĻʱ¶Ǻӽڲ
һ忴ԶҲǵ˵
Զ˵Ǻ⣿
ҪżĳĻδ˵أȮҶѾһƬģĳҲųô˻ܹΪ׼
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ţԶҲЩĿһ壬û뵽Ȼ׵ġ
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Զһ˵Ҳһһ㶵ģ֪һ嵽׼˼
һ嵭˵ܼ򵥣֮һǾƸ񣡡
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ԶҲһͷ˵Ļǳ˱˵Цˣ
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ο˻ԪĻҲ˸Ҹڵ˽ˡ
ϾðŵﶫڸΣӭȢһһܹӭȢõŮˣַϵʵЩ̫ˡ
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һҲĵ˵Ķӵȷ쳣㣡
˵ĻһҲˡ
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һһӰȻ˵״ģҶȻ߾ȫӭȢʦã
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ԶųңСڶҲһһһĸ֡
ǳΪԼŮǺӽԺڶĵλȻżõġ
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ĪҪЩҲǺ
һ忴֣Ҳǵ˵
ִ׺ؿԶߣһʵϾΪԼͬҲΪף
ĻǻصţҲԸԼκεĽ
֣ݼԶ
ֻһͷȻԶ״ˣױͲ֮Ը˷Ҿϣ״ܹȡһεıףѾ֮ˡ
ţļٵģ˭
ԶǲԼŮֻŮһǸŸɣҲѾͷԳԿͷ
˳Ѿͷһ
û뵽ԼѾͷȻ֮ˡ

ֱָף⵹Ҳһѣ
µķʵЩԲ




3443  װ
 

ৣ
һˢˢĿ⳯׵ķ˹ȥ
ԼоЩ⣬һﴦ䲻˭ҲЩʲô
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׿ԶҲǿͿ˵
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һԵһЦһײǶϷλ뷨Ļȫȥһ
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ңϰɣ˵սǱսˣһ֣µ˵
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ҲǱһȻ԰ٰãǿɾͲˣ
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ߣΪҸ˺ŪΪһ£ΪˣײǶϷΪµĹǾ͵ðչߣ
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ǰһ￴ȥǺŪԼţԼŮϲ
οԶҲ֪ԼŮ޸Ҳõѡ
ϲǰˣӦҲһʱȤѡ
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ǿߣԶÿһ˶顣
ԼŮЩĻԺġ
οҪĿΪץԪ壬˲ǵͷ󻼡
Һ˵ĳ֣·רΪԪ׼һ
һ忴һԶ˵ٵһȰɣûȥĻӦþͿˡ
ݣ
ڴʱһӰһţ̨֮ѾǶһˣ
ֻǿǵӰʱɫ৵һ±ˡ




3444  Ԫ
 

вİȻսң
ԹźնˮΪŮ˲Ҫİ
Ǻǣ˼ҵս϶һսѡ
ǸҲ˵أǶǲԻ
ǵӰһ̣Ǻӽڶˣ
ȫû뵽£Ȼ˸սǿ֮һĶڵң
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ҿŶ֮ˣϿԲ²˵ݡ
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𾳳ڵĳǿߣҲǽڵĳ֮һ
ЩһֱѰҴ˵䣬û뵽ȻıԶָΧˣ
ò˵Զ᲻úײǵˣ
ɷѿİ
ԪƺԼݱ֣Ҳǵ˵
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˲֪֮ʣ̨Ѿǳλǿߣ
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ֿŻԪ建ժԼ֣ҲЩʧ
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ʦã˶֣ʦһ˻ʲôأԪ֮дһ˿ı֮ɫʦҲԸػʦá
Ԫʮֳ֮ˣ
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ԪһҲѣһԿ޳˵֣ľʵ׽͸
Щϲһ˵˵ĵزԷȴûκεĻӦ
Щ˲ҪʲôȴԵõһݱҪõȴܵõĸ顣
ԭûйƽԣǿ˳ĻԪ壬Ҳ̲סĸп
ߣѾձɽˣԪ壬ܹаĻҵȻ㲻
ԶŻԪ壬Ҳ
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ҵȺײ´˾֣㻹ܿڰĻǿɲҪĳĺˣ̻ڣһɰ۴
һֻЩʧ͸ټѾͷ֮ǰεԼĶѿ˵ȻҲǲˡ
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⣬һι󣬴˶ȻҪΪǺӽڼͷ
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һʱ䣬ǿѾǻսһս֮󣬻ԪѾ˿ȥҲ͸֧ˣ
۾ȺһƬûκεİ취
ʱףȴסĶҡͷľǿҲȥɣ
Ȼȴ




3445  ֮
 

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3446  ǿĻ
 

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3447  άȵǺӽ
 

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žԵʵܹԿ˵ĻҲͲ顣
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ΪǿóǸ˵ҪڵļһƺЦ
˿̣
Զɫʹ쳣ڶ̩ɽѹһܴϢ
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3448  Զѡ
 

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οոĿ˶ڸһǺӽڵ̨֮ϣ
ǻʲôݲأ

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ţǺӽڷ·ӿ޾ɱһ㣡
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ѡˣ׵ĿһԶ
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3449  һļƻ
 

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ֵҪ˵ЩʲôȴҲûü˵
Ļʧһ̣Ѿǻص֮ˡ
ʱף׹һĳŽڵķ򼲳۶ȥ




3450  ǰ
 

ڣ
ڶ֮أ
꽣֮ʱ֮ҲöԽھη֣
˵Ľڷͷһʱ
ϧǣĪˣڴӴ˥ܣһпȥô˳Ȼ
ڽڵҵģܶ˶ֻǾϧȴҲû˵ʲô
񲻸Իͣսɳ
λĴӢһƺ
ɽ磬ҲΪ˽ɽһƷŵõ˽񴫳УΪ˽ĵӣ
Ȼ˽֪粢δչκһӣȴΨжӣ
ⲻò˵ŷұӸ֮䣬ȷǴʦͽˣ
ʵϣ
ŷұӵҲδͽֻϣܹյһԼ²֮ˡ
ֻϧǣŵȷУȴ޼
ܹϵĸ֮٣һֱǳ
ף
ŷұҲδľһܹ磬ǲԼĴɽ˶ѣ
֪ԼλͽڸԼ·ϣ֪Ƿݺأ
ڵΧ
ȻĽѾį˹ǺΰĽȴ뵱꽣ڵĻԻá
ֻĽΧرأƺһֻӬɲȥ
ڽΧķ֮УⷻƺûΪڵû׵ʧ
෴ģķƺԵ쳣֣
Ϊرصԭ򣬴ʱĽڷƺһ龻
˵λʥŮֵĲɿҲ֪Ϊʲô
Ϊʲô˵ΪʲôĹض
ܹʥŮϵľĵرǶƺҲûʲôؾ
˵⽣ƺУҲ֪ļٵġ
λʥŮۼڴˣȷ˰
ڽڷ֮УĶࡣ
ֻʥŮֵʱҲפͣ
̧ͷȥ
ķǽ¥֮УԵκεطǿġ
˵Ȼ֪һӦΪ֮Ĺˡ
ֻһλʥŮ⵶֮Ĺô򵥵鰡
ֻһ˽¥һƧλ
ܿ죬һһŮĸǰ
ֵܣûˣɷͬһ
˵ӿȥԱߵλŮҲ֮ò
һʱ䣬ܶҲΪ֮Ŀ
׿˿ˣ˵⡣
л
Ҳû̫Цһֵ
Ŀһӣӿȥ˹˹ģʵʵȴС
ʾ۷壬ӦðֻѾ̤𾳵֣
طĸʵ
ڿƷζʸͶ֮䶼һɴҷ緶
ӿǶ֮ˣ
ŮӳĬƬ֮ƺǵõһӵʾҲǶ΢΢һЦʵ
λǶ֮ˣǿǡ׿ŮҲǻӦһЦݵ
̨֪հʱĲ廰ʵ
ף׿ҲҴŵ
죡ҲЦһ򣡡
򣿡
׿˿ӣҲüʵ
һᵽȻԼŮ˰Ϫƺֹ
ЦʵôҲȥԺлĻȥȫ̽Ӵ
Ҳǿһ£δκεıʾ
л̧ĳһӵȥһΣЦһ
һ㶣漴ҲЦǺǵ˵ӭӭּȻԶ⽣ڷУҲ֪һЩ˲֪ˣ
лֱ˵زҴš׵Ȼ
ˬ죬ĳǴmĴŮ۴˵أ֪Ƿ֪Ϊ°
쿴ףҲڴʵ
ƺûʲôϵɣm£һĪ⡣ǿ־ͺˡ׵˵
֪һЩĻˣ쿴鵭ȻҲǼֿԸ֪ĻʮƷʯֵˣ
ֺôֱʰЦһ
Щε˵ֲںʯֿԻشµĻ˵
Ϊʲô־һ֪أײʵ
ЦŵִʼЩ˵ȴһֱûκξ㵵ı飬˵ҪôĮģҪôѾ֪ˡĳҲˡ
ֱֵ׵ĺܣϲԸ񣡡ֻĳҲǳէϢҲֻһЩСϢѡ
ĳλǿߵĹйأ쿴ףҲǼæʵ
ֿ֪ˣĳҲûʲô˵ˡ׵˵
ҵȻˣû뵽m֮˾ȻѾ֪ˣ̾һ
ƸӣĪ⡣ǻǴӳɣ˵˶ȴҲʲô˵ĵط˵Ļǿ¡ԱߵλŮ
ԭ׼ҵӣ򱳵ַ֧mˣ񻹸̤㶫򣬻·㲻ߣͶ
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ܿ죬Ӱ׵˵ĸǰ
ǵ·Ϸm־ʱҲüѣ
m֮ˣΪʲô˶֣
Ů˴ʱҲٴһ㣬ĿᶨƺҲ̣




3451  ׼ң죡
 

ҫ
쿴ŶΪ֮ˣҲһ˵һ֣
׹ӻǵ£һĳ
Ǹҫ֮ҲǿЦ˼ƺǼһһ㣡
ҫ㲻һ߹ѣʲô
쿴ҫҲǺüʵ
ҫЦһߣ׹ͱˣĳԿĳʲô׹Ӧ֪ĺɣֻѡˣ
Ҫ׼ҳΪʥŮµ߹׼Ұ첻Ҫ㵱׼Ҿ޿ܸ֣
֮дһ˿ŭֻŭ֮ȴһ˿֮У
ɲ׶ˣʥŮ¿ڽڵȺӶʱˣǹӴʱȥĻΨ·һˣҫʵ
ߣҫǸɱң׼ҾԻܣ
쿴ҫĹҲɢ⣡
ŻңҫŴô֮Ѳɻȥɱ˲ɣҫЦһ
ôˣĳ⽣¥ҫԽ³Σ
ǰ֮ԣȥҲǵʮ㣡
ûҲ˵ˡ
׹ӵ׹ӣ˵¾е׼֮ĳ
ҫ쬵Ŀһ֮Ȼ֮Ц
ʲô
쿴ҫҲŭһʵȻоЩˣ
ҫɲô˵֮ˣȻҫҵնɱԼ
һͻȻ֮ɭɭЦȴһĺ
ĳ׶ӺúõĿһ£Ͼ⵶ۡ
ҫ죬һɭɭ˵
ĳѾ˵ˣҪ׼ҼʥŮӪ޿ܣ׼һ֮׼Ҳ޿ϣ
쿴ҫҲǷһ˿Ĳм
׹ӲҪѻ˵ôλʥŮ½ڽ棬ʥŮ֪׹ӵϢǿǼĺء
ҫ죬ٺһЦ
ҫ㵽Ҫʲô
Ĳ֪һߴߴҪʲô
Ѱ˼ǣҲԼ׼ҡ
׼ǿǵλߵĴڣһ̫ĵ֣
ЩmʥŮΪȨǶڱȫԸȡԼ֧ߣ
Ϊ׼ҵĶӣ漸Ǵ׼ˣ
˴ĴʥŮ۽ڣĿѾǲԶˣ
һӣλʥŮѾ˺üˣѾǽ̨ϡ
ʵ
ǼλʥŮҪģ׼ʵʵǴ޶ġ
һ׶֪Ǿ׼ҵĲʮֵľˣ
˵׼ܹ°ޣȻ˵Ŀţ֮ˣ
ҲΪʲô׼֮˹עһԭ
ʵԼŮ˽붫ҲΪ׼ҵ˵˵֮Ĺ֮ҲҪ
ǻص׼ҵеĻ¾ǵʥŮҪҲˣ
Ҳһϲ̼֮ˣȻĴԼŮ˽˽ڣΪľǿ⵶֮ĹǷ⸽
ΪӸϢ֮ѾǻܵһǾĴʥŮ֮ȻŲ֮
ղڨףľΪһЩ޹ؽҪô
ʵղҲǿȺ֮еһݵȻӦ֪һЩ֪ġ
ֻǻûеȵ˵仰mǰ˾ѾǸˡ
˿̵ЩԼôԵĳˣϾ̫һЩ
ĳ׼ҶһǰҲ֪Ǽ٣ӵķĳϣ֪ӻ᲻ԹԵأ
ҫ죬ҲǼһЦ
㡭ҶeҶȻ
һʱҲǾŭѣæԼŮ˵
ֻҫбôܲ׼أ
˲䣡
ҫߵλѾסŮˣһʱ䣬ѵĿǰҫ
׹ӣֻҪԹķ˾Բһë⵽ʱʥŮ»Ը׹ֻ˿ɲҪƲԳԷư
ҫ죬Ҳ΢΢һЦ
޹أǸ·ˣ쿴˿ףҲ
׹ĪҪΪĳǸɵӣ·ˣͬ·ˣ߰ɣ
ҫЦһͬѾǱŽ˽֮ڣ
m֮ˣ뽣ڵȷ׾٣
ǴˣҲţϾ˼ҿmˣ
ʵҲЩȦԭҲҪ취ܻܲ뽣֮?
Ҫ֪⽣ŵſһΪӵ󷨡
Ȼƽ󷨲ʲô̫ѵ飬Ҫʱ䡣
Ҫв˷֣Ǽǲܵ顣
ʮʥŮѾڽ֮ڣ׼ҪϵҲϵ
û뵽Ȼôö֮ı˽֮ڣ׸оԼǲ̫һ㣿
ν̵ְȴΪǸΪ֮ˡ




3452  ͽ
 

ڹ㳡֮У
㳡վϰٺˣЩ˿ȥӺݻƽ֮Ī
Ϊ֮˱λŮӣĸŮʥŮۣͷڣȥޱȣ
׽пǰʱȴҲżڳģ
ʮʥŮԼЩ㳡ĳط
ʥŮҲǾԸһĸֹȥǶδһ㣡
˽֪mʮֵĻң
ЩʥŮԵҲǴҲΪĳһ֧֣ǲϧĿɳҲУ
һеһУʵΪ棡
ΪĿǰ޵ƣֻǿܹ㹻Ա֮
οЩʥŮʲô˭ܹΪδmŮˣ
˵һеʵΪʵ
Ҳֻδʤǲܹȥ
ǿűʣʵӿ
ټҲǵľҲļң
mʮλʥŮ
ǰλѾռķ֮һʥŮʥŮ֮ûô
Ȼǣ
˷ǰĵʥŮʥŮ͵ʮʥŮ֮УʥŮ͵ʮʥŮˣ
ʥŮŵҲǵһʥŮ
ʮʥŮȻҲԼˣֻϧһû
ԣʮʥŮȥԵЩĸо
򸾺׽˹㳡룬ʮʥŮ׵ĵҲǾ㵲ѣ
ֻǿ׳ŵʥŮķ˹ȥҲһĲ죡
ܿ죬ʮʥŮǱ㸡ֳһ˿޵Цݡ
֪Ϊʲôǰ࣬Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
㣬⼸λǡ
ʥŮ򸾺ףҲЩü
֪ʶġ
ʥŮ͵ʮʥŮһۣǶԼ֮ж˶Է˼
ĵʥŮ˷ʣʵϾ֪ˣ
ʮʥŮƺһ²ؼ߸߹ĸо
ã׶㶼ʶˣ׼Īö֪
ʥŮŵʥŮҲĨһ˿Цݵ
˿һԵҫҫҲʥŮ£׶Яǰݷڼλ£׶йȺһ¡
׶ӣ겻ɰʥŮ죬Ҳ¶һ˿Цݡ
ᣬԼŮǵУ
Ҳֻˣ
ŵʥŮ΢ЦӣҲһʥŮµƯ࡭
Ŷ𣿹ʥŮҲЦҫȵϽ׶Ӻͷ˿
ǣ޶ۣ
ҫŵʥŮĻҲǸϽ
ʥŮŮֻ֮ƳһȻ㲻ٴ
ĿʮʥŮķգǽ֮ӦҲ˰ɣʮã˵أ
ǵĹǣ˵ʲôǱʲô
ʮʥŮ˿ʥŮҲЦһ
ʮãȻǼ˶⽣ˣǽҲͲҪڲҴ˰ɣ
ʥŮʮʥŮɫҲһ
һԵĵʥŮŵʥŮԼǣ˷ǰǶһ뷨ȥ»¶˰
ȻĻʮãǵ糨촰˵ˣ⵶֮ĹʲôطӦÿ˵˰ɣ
ʮʥŮƺҲļͣһǼ˵Ψһᵶ֮Ĺ
֮Ĺʲô֮Ĺ
ʮʥŮЩװɵ㶵ĿһԵļˣĴ۾Ҳġ
ʮãǲǾ̫ˣ֮ĹϢǿ˸ǵģ
ʥŮʮʥŮҲһ˿Цݣ
ҵˣ˭ô֪㽻ҵǿԿǿǿܲ
ʮʥŮʱҲˣ֪ʵ⼸˹Ϊ˵֮Ĺ
ֻʮʥŮ֪һε֮Ĺ֪֮Ҳȣ
⼸׽֮֮⣬û֪ˣ
Ѳף
ʮʥŮоԲܣΪ׵ūͣԼ˻һūô
ϣ˵𣿡ʥŮĿһҲǿʮʥŮһĻϣ
ϡϡϣ
ʮʥŮĻҲʮʥŮΪεˣ
ʮʥŮôҲû뵽ԼΪε֮УȻһͽ
ˣ
һɱ˰Ŀⶨ˻ϵϣ
ǻЦһ£Ǵ޵֮һĹôܹأһʥŮػ¡ĸ֮ĳ岻ѣ˷
ˣ壡ͽϿŶĻҲŭһ
嵹Ҳŭֻ˵ʮʥŮ»ûʸӵ⵶֮Ĺ
ϣ㲻û뵽㾹ȻѱʮʥŮҲЩŭѵ
ʼ磬ȻŵʥŮվ˹ȥ
ʥŮһЦʮãνľܣԸĻĴҲԶΪ㳨ġ
㲻Ҫ֮ĹϢôҾ͸ˡ
ʮʥŮʱһת˭Ҳ֪Щʲô




3453  ʮʥŮ
 

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ǵʥŮǵʥŮ͵ʮʥŮǶһ㵵ĿʮʥŮ
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ԵʥŮܹȷĻֱȥˣȵô
Ȼˣ
Щ˲Ƕ֮ˣǺܶ˽⣡
ʶֵĻҲ֪⽣ھȻ񽣷壡
ǰ񽣷Ӧþǵ֮Ĺڣ
ȴѾͨʶָʮʥŮˣҪmԼʦ
ǲѴ֮ô
ʮʥŮӵ׵ȻҲҪȫˡ
ڱԼǸʲôϣʵʮʥŮǰ̫һ¡
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ʮãԸ⽫֮Ĺҵȷ
ʥŮŽɵĿʮʥŮҲֱת
ʮʥŮ˵ȻܲܣȻǸƾˣ
ãû뵽ʮþȻ˵ʶ尡ʥŮȻҲǰŰɣʮʥŮɥĻЩˡ
ʥŮȻҲЩţ΢΢һЦʮã˺ôôأʱǿҪһȥİ
в
ʥŮ˼ѾǲԶˣʹթĻɲҪִҲˣ
Ļǵʱвһ𷢣
ڵʱǲвһ𷢣ֻǵʱ˵ˡ
ڼλʥŮҪȷľ⵶֮ĹǲǳʮʥŮ˵ĵط
ʮʥŮЦһطҲֻ˵ѣ嵽ǲ˭֪أǵĻҲûκεİ취Ŀǰ֪ľߡ
ʮãô˵ɾͲˣûоԵİգʥŮЦһ
ʮʥŮ̾һˣ㲻ſ
ЩεĿһʮʥŮȻŵʥŮʥŮ£ʮʥŮȷҲǲ̫ȷȴҲǰ˾Ųʮ⵶֮Ĺž⽣֮ڡ
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ʮʥŮͷ˵û⵶֮Ĺȷڽڡ˵ͽǰ˸Ӵŵģ˭뵽⵶ͽ֮أ
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ѽѽʮãʲô˵ɣȻ˵ô۸أʥŮЦһ
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ʥŮʮʥŮҲľֱӵͷ
һԵĵʥŮ͵ʮʥŮҲǸԵͷȻûκεġ
ǵ֮ĹҲҪãΪ֮ǰõϢҲһطߵĻҲûа취ˣ
ʮʥŮˣҲǳ
ʥŮһۻ壬Ҳ΢΢ͷʾʮʥŮ˵û⡣
ǵʮﻰǽ֮䲻ģǵ֮ĹǾ͸ƾ£ǵĻǳԺҲԲΪʮã
Ȼô˵ˣõҲûʲô˵ˡʮʥŮͷȻʵ⵶֮Ĺڸǰ
ǰﰡʥŮ˾ɲʵ
񽣷壡ʮʥŮ˵
񽣷壿ļٵİʥŮоЩţҲ̫Ŀŵ˰ɣ
ŲǣŵĻ͸
ʮʥŮǰȥʵ⽣ڵ񽣷Ϊֻ࣬Ѱ֣
ʮʥŮô֪ôأ
ûһĻʮʥŮҲп˿أ
ʥŮԱߣҫŵʥŮղѾѯʹˣǵطȷǽ񽣷壬ֻ⽣ƺ񽣷塭
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е֮ĹĻ˿Ͷˣ
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ʵʮʥŮǰĻľǵ֮Ĺֻھ⵶֮Ĺ֮ǰҪ֮ضѣ
ʮʥŮǲȥҿȥˡ
˵꣬һѷĳŽ񱻹Ѻ֮ؼǰš




3454  Դ˵ľ
 

񽣷壡
ڽڵ򣬶ɽ忴ȥƽ棬ʵȴɢŨ
꽣ŷұҲǿһķˮأԲ߽ţ
ҲΪڶΪ֪ġ
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꽣켫һʱʱ߳ȥǿɶǸһȵĴڡ
ֻϧ˺ǷǶ࣡
ټϽС˶֣˽Ľ֡
һֱѺȴδȥʵҲǺ¼֮˵ŭ
ԣڽ񱻹ѺȴҲû˸ȥնɱλ۷Ӣ
ܹһѾڵˣ
Ҳ֪նɱ񣬼ûʲô£ԺҲñˡ
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ҪȻĻ⽣ڵĵͱ˸Ϸˡ
Ҫȵפرش˵ô
񽣷ĳһƽĵطΧȴ˸֣
ֻЩֿmĴʥŮڴˣҲûκεİ취
λʥŮ£֪кιɰѺҴ˵ط
һλͷ֮ӵڵʵɿǰһȺޱȵʥŮҲС˵
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λͷ֮ɫһ죬ҲǵʥŮ£Ҵ˸mǴɹЭģ⽣ڵжɶǹҴС
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ҫλͷ֮ˣҲһ̤ɱڡ
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mǵﲻ𰡣
Ȼǵʵ֮ԼУǱ֮ˣ
⡭ҵȿѽ
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ǷƽʱĻ˭ĸǰ˵ߺ
Ҳm֮˸˶ɣ
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ʥŮˣҲ
λڵǿ߿Цһ֮ĹҵȸûʥŮ£⽣֮˵˵ѣ˽ΪҴ˽⽣С
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λڵǿ߿ЦһȻô£λǴǿߣҴҲͲҪˡ
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ʵϣԼԼ񽣷֮У񽣷ڿΣأҲǷȰλǧҪ
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λǿ΢΢ҡͷʥŮǲȰĻҲ޻˵ˣȻλҪǿн⽣Ϣ֮صĻԱɣ
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ҲΪʲôôʥŮŵ֮ĹԭΪõĴлĿԸıĳЩ֣
ڽʵЩʥŮһʼû
ʥŮЦ˼Ȼô˵ˣǸҪһˣǽ⽣ڵĶɾ͹ǴˡڣǻǸƾˡ
ʥŮ£ôܡ
λڵǿ߿ŵʥŮһҲЩƿˡ
ΪĳֽǶ˵ʥŮ˵Ĳûд
ֻܶ˿ڴ˵ʵǸ߶ѡ
mȴһǸûⷽĹ˼ɡ
ڣ˵Ҳÿǵɫ¡
ˣжᣬ͸ǴûκεĹϵˣʥŮ˵
㣡
λڵǿҲһ֮ˣҲƢ
ʾڵŭѹŵˣ
λãҪȻɣǰΣϾнµĻ氡
ʥŮ˵Ŀ֮еһḬ֮̃ɫѾԱˣ
Ȼ˵ˣҪȻ
λʥŮŵʥŮҲȴ˼
ʥŮЦһҵ˵õ˶ǿɾҵŶ
Ȼƾɣ
ʥŮҲûκε飬˵Ļؿɲġ
ʥŮȻҪͷǾɡ




3455  ֲ
 

Ļأ
֣λʥŮˣ˭Ҳ뵱ͷ
ʥŮʵоͲŰ
ҲţǶ˵ʧһ𾳵ǿ߸ν飡
ǵʥŮʮʥŮ͵ʮʥŮɾͲһˣ
һιûд˹ҪǿҲǲС
ȻˣʥŮҲûд˳Ǳ֮ǻҪôģ
ǵʮʥŮƷǳ
ԼǰǸӵ˵ʥŮǱߣʵľ͸ӵˡ
塭
˼ʱ򣬵ʥŮѾ
ʥŮ£к£
˲׻һ㣬ֵĿŵʥŮ
ʥŮŻ嵭˵ϣǱĹͷôܸأͷ϶ģ
ʥŮ£ҡǽһ
ɻδȵ˵꣬ʥŮѾЦһϾͲҪлˣҲǱӦģ
৵һ£
ɫɷףʵ˭Ҫõö
õöǰĻԸˡ
Ϊһ𾳵ҩʦʵ֮һǿ߾Ҫ࣡
ǶĳսĻ¶ٸ嶼ģ
ڵǣ񽣷֮пŽĻذ
񽣷ش֮ڣǵطǽôĵط
ô˶ûа취ƽĵطһ
ֲɵӣȻ֪϶ˣ
ʥŮôֱǹʹ
ڵĻƾڣ֪Լȥ֮
ʥŮûУһ̻ĳӶˡ
ںԼΪʲôúõӲҪȥԼСأ
ԼʮʥŮǱߣʥŮǾԲԼȥðյġ
壬ʥŮµĻѲûôϽȥ
ҫŻ壬һͽҲôһļֵˡ
ĿƿĻصĻôʱνĹأ
ʧˣҲǸ̽·˲
񡭡
Ӵһ˿΢Ĳܹǿ߿־ĵطȻʲôõطˣ
ʮʥŮһۻ壬ҲЦһ壬㻹Ǻˣ
һ̾Ϣ
ıӰʱȥô
ʥŮŻȥıӰҲЦһʮã˴㣬ȻҲܸˡͽʵҲʮֵ
л㣡
ʮʥŮֻͷƺѾǽĿ˻ϣ
䣡
֮ʣԭѾû񽣷ֱӱ˳
ӰһնƲĽ
ۣ
Ȼ£˿Ѫ
ܿ죬ɫѾǱɷһƬ˸оֲǣľûһģ
ǱĽ˵Ľ
ֻȽʵһëȻĸо
ֲĽ
һʾױȵĵһmǿ
ԭ߿类˪һ㣬ˡ
ơôˣ
ʥŮһʱȥһʾĹΧ֮˿Ҳһĵθڣ
忴ŵʥŮ˹УȻһ˿ů⡣
ʥŮ£Сн󣬺áǿ
ƺþһ˿˵֮Ѿǳ׵˹ȥ
ʥŮһԵҫϽҽΣӦû̫⡣
ǣ!
ҫҲЩľѾֱһغϾ˰
֮ǰ˵λڵǿߵ˵ҪȥҲ˵ȴǵֱӱ˳岻һҩʦѣʵ̫ˡ
ղΪʲôû˵ʥŮŭ
ڸߵƺҲɣλǿ
㡭õúܣ
ʥŮһɣ˴ɭȻĺ
ʥŮ²ô࣬໹Ǿ仰ƾǿƲ˽µĽ󣡣
λ߳Цһ˴һ˿İȻ֮ɫ
Ͳˣm֮˻ᱻһССĽסʥŮһ
Եҫ̵£ǻǴӳɣ
λãȿ˸ǰȥʥŮתͷλʥŮ
㣬⽣Ľɲģô³çĻµòʧһȫ֮߰
ʥŮƺҲЩùˣ˭û¸ǿµĽŰ
Ǿô뿪ƺЩвʣ
ʥŮһͲˣ˭ǰһΣ
ž
ʥŮ˻һȫһƬž֮ɫ
һ̣ܶνĸѾĬĬĵ˸߰ͷ­
ЩνĹ⻷ƺڽĽ֮Եô޹⡣
λʥŮҲû뵽ѾǽӽĿˣȻ档
һγȥĻºܶ½֪ʱҪ⽣͵ıؿɾûôˡ
԰ɡ
һ֮ɫʱһһݵ




3456  ס
 

Ǻˣ
׵ĳõʥŮüѣ˸ղǸ˾ȻҲҪһ
ʥŮϣԼܹվһƺЩ롣
ŽµĿֲǰһϢˡ
ҫȰԼҪڳǿˡ
Խıغ͵ĹأʥŮѾǽһˡ
ʱ۶Ǳأô׵أ
ټðյҲôԳӵĲԸȥˣ
ԼյĻҲôļˡ
ڿһİӳ˵ĸǰȻСˡ
һ˸ȥˣ˱еЦ˵ʵʵڵıؿɶû˰
׿һ۵ʥŮ˵ǱʥŮµǿдġ
ǿУߣĳûã
ҫ׵ĻҲԴǵ˵
ҪǴȥĻЩʥŮЦô
ԭ˶Ϊ׼ҸʥŮϣ˵ǱǿдģЩЦˡ
û뵽׹ӾȻǱǿдģһΪ
ʥŮĿŵʥŮЦǺܿģ
׼ҵӴ˭Ҫõǡ
ЩʥŮΪܹӴ׼ҳϷǿþ˰취
Ȼû뵽󱻵ʥŮóˡ
׵˵ǣȻ䳰ȷˡ
ʥŮŭһҫȥ׶ô㾹Ȼҡ
׶ӣĳһ
ҫݺݵĿһףҲǹ
ֻ֮еһĨɱɫѿ˼㡣
Ʊǿ
ԼŮ˾ͱǵУ˵ʧȥԼİ޵ĻЩòʧˡ
⡭ǡ
׼µĽһ£µľʧȥԼŮˡ
ҲԸڸʥŮĻʱƲס𲻱Ҫ
ֻʱȴƺκ˵Ļᡣ
׿΢΢һЦ׹ӣ֮ͱˣϧԷҪЮֺαظأοڳ֮˿ɲֹһλʥŮ£ĳʥŮ»Ϊ׹ֹġ
֣⡭⡭
û뵽ôؼʱȻһ·ûС
оȵǣԼһļһȻʥŮĸǰ˵ķ
ԭֻΪֵǱԼӲˣŷֵ˭˭һأ
װڰֵ׹ӣ׼Ҳͷ˼ҡοǽ˫ԸĻ֮ϣŮյķʽĳʵǸоĵĺܡ
ߣĿ˵ĻҪεģ
ʥŮʵ֪ڱ˵ڴȻ߳ŭˡ
׿ŵʥŮһЦеȴûеӳô

ҫףȭͷѾǳ׵ķɱ
䣡
ҫȭͷֽ׵һ˲䣬һѾҫĸǰ
ʮʥŮ
һ̳ҫĸǰȻԼ֮һδı˵סȭͷ
ҫԼҲǳԾѣ
ʮ£ĳð
ҫȻǵʥŮĹҲҶʥŮְ
Ǳm֪ĻǿҪܵ޾ĳͷģ
ǽôʮʥŮ
ʥŮʮʥŮȻʮãݺ㣬ͲҪˣ
㣬ˣȻ˵ǲñ˵ֱʵԷڰ˵ǲǰ
ʮʥŮʱҲǺ͵ʥŮ͵ʮʥŮվһߡ
˵ĵ˾ѣ
ʥŮ͵ʮʥŮ֪ܲأ
ǰ㣬ҿ׶˵ɣʥŮҲЦһΪѵĻô˵Ҳ׶˵仰
㡭Ҫҹȥˣ
ʥŮɫ׵˰ҪԼѿ
ʥŮ֮δֹͣղŶݵıҲΪҪᵶ֮Ĺ
л׼Һ͵ʥŮ׾ѣλʥŮȻִ˲ƣˡ
ֻ˽û뵽ʮʥŮ׾Ȼһġ
ԣϺȻʱ̨ˡ
׶ӣҫյĻ֤ȫİͻ׼ң
ʮʥŮ죬Ҳ˵
ԥȻóλʥŮ֮ìܣЩԥ
׿쵭˵֣ʮʥŮ壬ĳԸվʮʥŮߡ
⡭ԼǣĳҲΪȻʮʥŮȻԸΪĳĳ׼Ҹм
챻׸ƵʵѾûʲô·ˣ
ҲվʮʥŮһߣõʥŮûа취
ϾʥŮ֮ᶼǰ˭Ҳİϣ
úúãֵģ㲻Ҫȥ⽣Ϣ֮һ̽𣿱ˣ
ʥŮѣĿ֮ҲǴһ˿ĺȻ֮ɫ
ֲĽÿһ찡




3457  ʦͽ
 

Ŀ⣡
ʥŮһ仰ʵϾ͵ҪǸԭҪļһֱȥ
һԵҫҲǼЦһߣʥŮԼǣȻҪȥĽȥһԣǾһԺˡ
㣬⽣˿ֲֹӸղҲ˵˵ѣ˼һûоأ
ʮʥŮݼɵģʵ֪ǿ϶Ҫȥġ
ֻڱ˱Žȥ⵹һ⣡
ղƺҶ˰ɣ
ʥŮһԵĵʥŮ͵ʮʥŮʵ
ʱĵʥŮ͵ʮʥŮҲƲѣԭҪͷ׼ܹЩøеġ
ôҲû뵽ʮʥŮȻȵˣ
ƣ
˿λʥŮƱ֮ʥŮ˿
ְȴʮʥŮСӵõ˺ôǵȻΪĲˬ
ոջʮʥŮϵλʥŮһ˲Ѿǵˣ
ʥŮЦһλֹӸղ˵ҵѡȻֹԸⳢһĻǱΪҲǿеģ
ʮʥŮֱԲֹһţܹʮʥŮõҲ˵أ
ǡ
ʮʥŮŭʵѾЦ˻
׿һۼλʥŮҲǵ˵ȻʥŮ¶ΪĳʣĳȻ͹ˣ
е
ʥŮ˴ĴָҲ¶һ˿Ц
ݣ
Ϊ֮˻ҪǱŤŤʱѾһ񽣷ķ򼲳۶ȥ
һ˲䣬ѾûǿֲĽ֮ˣ
䣡
׵һ죬ȴóʮʥŮһȺЦ
ţѾǴ񽣷ĳŰ
ֻ֮ǰһһײδɳ
ףһﾹȻûбɳ
ʥŮһ죬ϻǹһ˿޵Цݡ
֮ǰλڵǿԣֲĽǷΪߵġ
ߣ
Сӽҹ˵һأҲǲܹȥġ
һԵҫЦһһʣ˰ɣһ𾳶ûдﵽļһߴʴʣ
ʮʥŮԱߣ
ķȻ˿д󶨣ǿ׽ȥ֮ҲûгҲ΢΢һ̾
˿̳ʮʥŮ֮⣬֮˾䳰ȷ
ȻǾԲΪܹ߹⼸
֮˵
СʧˣôṦ򣬾Ȼûжˣ
ʥŮĶҲЦһ֮˵Ѿ֮ˣ
ʥŮҲ΢΢һЦһΪǵѣ㣬ǻҪô
ڿ⽣ҪƿڵǿҲЩѶȡǻҪӳ鰡
ʥŮ΢΢һ̾ȻҲЩģ
ʥŮü˷ǳѰ⵶֮Ĺģû뵽⵶֮ĹȻͽйǵø˻㱨ˣ
ǿϧ˰
ʥŮƺҪһԣѾûκεˣ
Բѣ׽ȥѹҲûг
Ȼ˵ʵ̫ǿǻҲ𾳵ǿ߲ǣ
һ󶼹ȥЩνǿԾ޴
ߣǻ߰ɣСӲ滹ô˵أҲܲ˵ģǻٸmˡҲһͰ
ʥŮ͵ʥŮҲǴ˹ʶ
֪̫࣬ǵĻҲԽԽãڹǰ¶¶Ļ㣡
ֻ˲֪ǣʱ沢Ϊȥ
񽣷ڣ
׸ո̤񽣷ڵʱ͸оһֲϢ
ֻʶ쳣ǿȻҲ׵ıܿһ󣡣
ڶʱȴЦ
ղһʱϡ͸оһϤĸоֻǵʵ̫ңһʱûзӦ
ǵڶʱӭϤζ
ⲻúʽĽô
ȻӦò罣ԼʹǰĿֲɼˣһ˿ҲǺѳˣ
󣡣
׼ǲѴ֮ƽ˿ʹ⺳ʽʱҲǲһ˿˿Ĺ
ֻǵ֮дԽȥʱ򣬸ǰȴľһĻ
ʦ𡭡
ͨһǵɽһĨǰ
ԼʦʱѾûɽǰɣ
ʱŷұͷɢϾȻžŰѷɽ
ÿһɽǶǼƷĴڣűɽôŴľת֮
˵ŷұӼǷԼϢĳЩǱתڵ
ת֮ܲ
ৣ
׹һ̣֮ƺԼ˫ۣ
ֻǵŷұӿ׵һֳ̣ԾѵıⱲӿ¶ˣ
ʦͽˣһˡ




3458  𺳵Ľ
 

ף
񽣷ڲŷұӻȻ˫ֻۣǵһӳԼ߹ʱҲЩɵˣ
ôҲû뵽ɽǸ츳СӾȻĳԼĸǰ
ʦͽˣ
˫ۺᣬǰʦҲǾ
þŰѷɽзԼڵתʹǳġ
ȻҲ֪ԼʦôѾǱĿʧˣ
ǵۿ˾ʱޱȣ
ʹļ尾ǳ֮ʹ
ͨ
׻ĿԼʦĸǰʱŷұް߰ף˾ʱܹϨĵоһ㡣
ããá
ŷұ³֣һ֮͸ŵһοĹâ
ʦͽˣͽʦҲڳ
˫ðҲɱڣ
һɢڿռ֮еİʶŷұҲľ
ףСӦ÷ʱ䲻ɣھȻѾӵƥ𾳵ˣ
˵ʵ
ŷұӿ˴˵ˣʲôûм
ɽ磬ʵҲͽţֲԼĴжɽ磡
ǵΨһܹˣҲǾԵֵ˾һͽܣ
磬ŷұʵҲЩûڣ
֪ԼֵĻͽ˼ˣһ²˶ûУ
ҲΪʲôŷұ֮ǰ׵һ̣˼һԭ
Ϊ׵ϿԼеϣ
ŷұ֪ԼϣܹĽڷ
ŷұûѡټѾǴý㣬һƬ
׵ͷʦͽȻ粻ãȴҲõһЩԺʦ˵
ͲҪǫˣΪʦҲû뵽ܹ磬ҾȻǻܹټ棡
ŷұӿףҲǺǺһЦ
ǰŷұӣȻüʵʦþͰѼƷסԼľȻݻھٶȣɡӦҲǷǳʹİɣ
ֻҪţϣ𣿡ŷұӿЦһܿɫֻϧʦͽȴѾҪˣ
ʦʵҪ֮Ҳٰ֮ɣ
׿ŷұӣҲǳʵ
ȷ
ŷұ𾳺ڵʵҪ˺ǺѺѣ
𾳺ѾǴ۷ĴڣҪŷұŪϼѵ֣
ŷұЦŰڰֵˣѾûʲô˵ˡҲΪʦҪ躹ޣԺʵ˵
ʦˣˣͽȻܷŹЩ˺ʦ֮ˣ
׵Ļ˵նŷұиǾһů
һЦ仰ΪʦѾˡֻʵ̫ǿΪʦҲ޿κΰ
mô
׿ŷұӣҲǳʵ
ŷұһ㶣漴ͷޣܹҺ͵ˣmҲûˣ
ţ
ŷұӵĿ֮дŵ޾ţ
һָµţ
߬ȭͷһ˿ɱȻǣ
ףmĿ鼰أȻʵǸmȣʵ̫Զ̫Զˡ
ŷұӿɱڵӣҲһˮȥ
׵ͷʦˣͽˣûʦͽm֮Ҳǲ죡
ŶѾm֮˷ͻˣŷұƵʵ
ʦˣͽնĴػߡmȴϣͼͼưԴޡ
׿ŷұӣҲǻ˵
ŷұӿǰԼͽҲһһ㶵ġ
ػߣ
ŷұԭʵѾǴﵽ𾳵ʱѾ𾪲ѣ
׵ݣԼ顣
ʦҲߡ
׿ԼʦҲЦ׵ĻŷұЩɵˣ
˵ʲôϼһҲ⣿⡭ôܣǼһﲻѾ
ŷұӿףϵ֮ɫѾԱˡ
ȫû뵽ԼͽܣȻҲ˾
ʲôѾҪŷұȥˡ
ĳ̶ֳǿ޵һ
òû뵽Ѿ˷˰
ӰŷұӵߣŷұӾĿ⣬ҲǹЦ
Ȼţû뵽֮Ȼܹһεļ棬ŷĳҰ
ŷұӿ棬ҲǷĴЦ
˿̣
ףѾǳ޵ϣ
һֵǻῪЦҵ֮ͬԣôûĻأ
ֻϧѾǵĽˣ˲ΣǱ֮˶ѡ
ŷұӿ棬Ҳ΢΢һ̾˿ȥҲǴһ˿ĳƣ
֮ˣûôף
濴ŷұӣҲǹЦ
ֻЦŷұӿҲһĹޱȣи벻š




3459  ġЦ
 

񽣷ڣ
ŷұӵıЩˣ棬֪Ļʲô˼
ԼԼô
ܹҽεĻҲڳΪһӲô
mƵĶҩ޽ģ
һ㣬ǿŷұҲ޿κΡ
m߱ļλΧŷұδǿɫζƶҩŷұʧȥսģ
ŷұзվǿʹԼǿһĻµʱŷұѾˣ
ص˽֮ŷұѾǶ塣
ȻķŻԼٶȣⶾȴѾʼ
˵ԼȻоȣǾǺڰ֮ͻȻ֮俴˵һ㣬оһ˿⣡
棬ĪҪ࿪ЦˣеĶǿmƵĶҩ绹ܽ⡭
ŷұȻһ˿ϣϵϣ
ѲоԼķɣ
ݸһЦҿûй㿪Цһô̫ϧˣ
ô˵а취
ŷұ֪ʵҲ൱˵ãӵűӵв˵һЩ
һ
һ㣬ʵ֪˻Ǻܶġ
Ȼô˵ˣŷұȻΪӦпmƶҩһˣ
ֻǵŷұӻϣŶʱȴһЩܲ˵Ĵ𰸣
ҿû㡣mλƵĶҩȷŷɥרоȴûгɹΣ
ҲǺε˵Ϊû¡
ο˵ĲԼ
ӵŻ֮ףǲŷұӵϣ
ʵҲŷұޱȣԼһͽܾȻõ˺ĴС
ĻվߣҲ޿κεģ
Ǵ޵һҽ㶼ûа취ĻǳmλҩˡֻmλҺ͵Ѿждˡ׵ýҩأ
ŷұ΢΢һ̰̾
Ҫ˵ŷұ𾳺ڵĳǿˡ
ֻĻŷұԭȼһ˿ϣһ˲䳹׵ˣ
˵ֻ˵Уû˵˲а˸ӵ
ŷұӿЦһܹҽಡ֮ˣȴѾǳȥˡ˽ΧˮйͨĽֵܹסһӵĻ¡
ŷұ˵Ҳʵ飬ҽԼ֮˾棡
ڵҪȥĻҲѾǲˣ
ŷұҲ֪һŵģڿȻѾǻָ𾳵ʵ
Ҳ𾳳ڶѣ
οݣܹ¶֮ǰս˵Ǽߵĺܣ
ټϴ𾳳ںڵǿӴŷұѾûκεˣ
˵һôôɥûа취˾ûа취ôЦŵ
ˣûа취˭ֻϣԼͽܹ֮ѧŽڷ󣡣
ŷұҲ΢΢ҡͷѹ˼Ҳû׵ȥ룡
Ҫ֪涼ûа취ԼͽҲܹᲢ۰ɣ
ԣŷұӾԶ󿪣ҲȻ뵽ԼͽܹҽԼĲ飡
Ͳ浽˭ܹҽκô
濴ŷұӴͷɥģЦʵ
ǣھˣͽʵȻܲҪҽҼ޿ܡ˵ԼҲҽβˣѲڻеĸô
ŷұӿЦһûԼˣ
棬ͲҪڸʦЦˡ׿
ǰ˵ᣬôûû뵽ھȻѧ˿ЦˣĿ࿴
ŷұӿ棬δ̫
Ǹոȼһ˿ϣˣҲûʲô
ԭûб̫ϣֻѭʵѡ
񰡽Ϊеĵ۸㿪Цô˵Զ߽ǰͽף
濴ŷұӣҲǹĿЦ˼
㡭˵ʲô
ŷұӳ׵ʯ֮в˾֮ɫ
˵ȻҲЩԼԼͽһط꣬ѾǱ𾪵Щľˡ
仹ôʹɣ˵ͽκ㣬𣿡
濴ŷұӣҲֺǺǵ˵
֡ף㡭κΪʦ⡭ôܣ
ŷұӸоԼҲǱ߸ˣδԼԼͽʵǿ֮⣬Ȼҽ
ʦˣͽһԣӦ߰˳ɵİտʦڵĶų⡭
׼򵥵仰ŷұӵӶѾǿˡ
Ĵԭأ׵Ѿǳ׵ˡ




3460  ͽ˲
 

񽣷ڣ
ŷұ鼤ԼͽȻа취Լ
Լͽ˵Ȼ߰˳ɵİգŷұӶоһĲš
ԼĿǰΪ𾳺ڵĳǿߣŷұȻ֪ô£
óm֮óǶеĽҩĻܾȵԼ
˷תŷұȴš
߰˳ɵİգף˵Ŀģ
ŷұӵĿ֮дһ˿ȣôˣȫû뵽ԼȻϣܹȬ
ʦ𣬲˵ȷǱȽϵĸӡͽɽżúĴС
ЦŵĴˮһ㡣
㡭˵ʲôĴУ治Ѿ磬ֻ𣿡
ŷұ𾪵ĿԼͽ˵Ļ˴Ե˰
һԵֺǺǵ˵ΪأСӵ컯ܼҲֻĽķ˰
ô˵ˣ
ŷұӿףҲǼʵ
紫У
ŷұ벻飬ȻҲȷ紫ǷܹԼһϣˣ
ϣǱûϣҪðɣ
֣µĵͷʦڵĶѾԾŽҲֻʱѡҪĸΣ뽫ڵĶȫȥ
⡭ȷˣȫںһ֮ǰΪʦƴȫȴҲֻų֮һҵĶءҪȫųܡ
ŷұӿףҲҪԼͽô
ڵĶҪȫİ룬޷ģ
濴ŷұһɻҲǵ
ŷұӵͷԼǣҲǺ棬׵ʲô취ܹųڵĶأ
֮
׿ŷұӣҲǳ
֮֮У֮Ϊϡȱο˷οҪķѵҲ㡭
ŷұӿףһεʵ
Цŵʦ֮ǰǸ˵ͽõ˺ĴУıͽʡͽɾͻ֮壬ȴҲõ֮
֮壿ȻȻܹı˵ʣʵ̾Ϊֹ
ŷұ׵ĻһѾǿϣǾԼȫпܾˣ
Լͽ˲ð
ŷұӲò˵ĸ̾ΪһʵЩӦӲϾĸо
ʦĻǵȵ˵ΪҪġͽ˼ǣоΣ
ѯԼʦŷұȻҲϣĵõˣ
浭˵񽣷ںķѵʱֱ̫ӽҲһָʱ䡭
ŷұӲʵղһʣ浽Ǵʲôطðģ
ɽһӵһ硣߻ﶼǿԴڵģӦǳƣ̺ʱ䷨߾硣ټϺĸ죬Ѿǰˡ
ĽŷұӻȻ
һĴֻܴû뵽ⶫȻһС磬ʲô˲ܹƳ֮ﰡ
ŷұû뵽ǣȻѾǱΪ˰
磬ҲǾţĴڰ
ŷұҲ΢΢һ̾ȻѡеػߣͽȷӵŴ˰
ţǻָĻʱҲһЩˣϾͷǺкİ
ҲǼΪĵ׾ŷұӣΪģΪŷұӵʵ㹻ǿᣡ
շʮʥŮʹmʵҲô¡
ҪվȽŸӵн֧֣ǲ⡣
ŷұӿףѾǳһöƷɽƣöȻŽ֣
ʦǡ
׿ŷұŵöƣҲЩʵ
Ȼͽʮ㣬ΪʦȴҲҪȫöǽڵΪʦϣԺԴŽٶ𡣡
ŷұӿףҲЦǺǵ˵һ̵ŷұѾ׼
׾㵵˵ʦǽڵĿɽ棬ǴصĽ񣡣ͽҡ
װףͽ˵仰ΪʦûʲôͬˣΪʦȻԺҲøˡ
ŷұЦһڵоһĻȻʡ
׸Ͻڰֵͽҡ
Ϊͽ㲻ӦõģΪػߣǴδϣ鲻ˣΪʦҪ㵽ôΪʦأ
ŷұӷ·̸Ц֮䣬֮гο֮顣
ͷһ˲Ҳʧ񽣷֮С




3461  øŷұ
 

ڣ
ֱӽŷұӴ˻С֮У˻֮
һˣܲĴģ
ŷұӴ˿̿ڵС磬Ҳһľ档
֮ǰҲڲľ󣬿ȵʱֱ֮ԼĻҪǿܶ࣡
ǳԵŷұҲ𾪵˵ѵǻ֮þ
ǰʦ˵ѾǷǳĻ֮ѾﵽһˣһʱԶá
ЦŶŷұӵ֮ȷǸһ㣬һ·ͨ裡
ŷұӸ̾˵ļЩػߣҲǴ˰ɣ
ʦ𣬴˷ƺķѵʮ־޴󣬵ʱһԵҩ߶֧תе֮ʦ𺣺һ
׿ŷұӣҲֱӽ
ŷұЦŵɣʵܹӵϣΪʦ˵Ѿһֶˣʦͽ֮䣬ûбҪôˣ
õʦ𣬴ܻǳʹ࣬ҿʼˣ
׳ŷұӹһȻɫصĵֽŷұӵߣ
ŷұһҲǻıԼ۾
˻
һһƬռ֮зһ˿춯
˿̣
ŷұϵľűɽҲǻĳƶ˿
ʦת֮뵽ڣ
һȣʱŷұѾЩŤˣ
Ž
ŷұӵľڴή״̬ںȻ֮ǿ˾ԣʵʹ಻
ڵĥŷұӱѾӦĽ࣡
׵Ļŷұ۾һεһľ⡣
¡
һƵŷұԭһҰ֮ɫıɫ棡
תڵѪҺҲŷӿ

һ˺ѷε뵽׵ĶУҲǾ۾񣬲뱻ţ
ŷұʵȴҲǱֵʹŪӲĽ˳
ͷϵ亹ٲһֱ
һвŸոտʼһ»иʹȴŷұӡ
ʱ
֮۳Ϊһϸۿɼٶȿٵʵʣ
׵һӣǰǵָ֮ӵʿһ㳯ŷұӵľѸٵ˽ȥ
ɨǧ
ǵ֮·ǿͷһ㣬ŷұȫľʼ˴ݻʽѹ
ԭŷұڵ֮ѹ֮Ҳȫȫڳⲻϵų
ŷұӱƤѸٵһںʣҲǲκεĴ⣡
mƷƶҩȷʮֵǿڿɲҪеĶų⣬޸ŷұڵĸ磡
ĻκˣʱԼʦҲΪ͵ʵ󽵣ԲҪġ
һһεѭһƬСҲεţ
׵ĵҩǳĻڵѾΪ֧׵ʧˣ
µʱһζȫǽŷұڵµĹһ飡
ĳһ죡
׳һʱҲ۵Щ̱
ʦҲ
׿ǰʹ֮нȳŷұӣҲ¶һ˿ĵЦݣ
ӽʱ䣬ֻΪųԼڵĶأ
ŷұӵĻָǿ»Ҫܳʱ䣡
ĵȺټ֮еʱʱо޴Ĳ죬͸ӵĲżˡ
ŷұӴ˿ʮֵļ֮ǰһһͬһεһ˵ָо
Ȼĺܰû뵽ΪʦڵĶؾȻȫųȥˣΪʦѾܲһ
ŷұҲ˷ܵĶ˵ԼͽܵһԼ棬ԼһĻᡣ
ȻԵʵŷұԼҲû뵽
֮Ϊһʱ䣬ͽʦڵȫȫû֮ϴˢ˲ٴΡʦһλָʱ򣬻ʵ
ײǴţ֮棬Ҳǲֹһεĳͷġ
οŷұѾǵ𾳺ڣ
ȲεˣʵҪٳ߸ͷһֻгŻŬˡ
ǻ硢磡
һŵĵطûκεĹɿѭ
ҲΪʲôô𾳵ĳܣʱãһԭ
ŷұһξøΪ׵Եʣһֱӽܵ˻֮εģ
ҲΪԺɾͻ˷ʣֻһŷұ֪
ڵ˼ʣµľǸмˡ
׺ŷұ˴ʱǱ̸Ц̸ȴû֮ǰѹˡ
֮ҲһεĽ״̬
ѾǸոͻʾãҲ֪ս𾳵ʱʮֵĳ
ΣأҪץʱԼʵˡ
ŷұӻָҲץһʱ俪ʼ
һһ٣񽣷֮Уġ




3462  ֮
 

ڣ
ŷұѾǴƵ֮˳ڲϵĻָԼʵ
һ·ֱĿԼģ
Ϊʵûһͻ֮㹻ӴĻ
ѾǴﵽ𾳵ľˣ
Ϊ֮ǰ֮ľ޴ģ֮ǰ洢ĻСĻ֮Խϡ٣
ҲӰڵҲһĿʼĽ֮·
˷˽ʱǿͻΣ
һֱС֮еĻ֮ʣ²ٷ֮һʱų׵ͣ
ʾڣ
׵ʵһ·ǰУûܵκε谭
֮壬һʾǿã
ʵ֮ǰһֱҪͣһκʵ̫ࡣ
Լʦŷұӵ֮ǲ˷һʱͳŶˡ
ҲҿʱһȷľĻٹʮԼλʦ𵽵׻᲻⻹˵ء
ԼԼʦķٰٷ֮ʮϻСڵĻ֮Ҳûκεĺڣ
׵Ľ֮·ʮֵ˳ŷұҲһ㣡
ԭ𾳺ڵŷұӣȻȬָȽϵѡ
ĵ֮󣬱Ļָ˵Լ۷ʱڵʵ
𾳺ڣ
ʵޣҲǾԶĴڡ
ټŷұǿһĿǰʵһʵķԾ
֮Ȼ̶㾹Ȼͻ磡ʵ֮ڵǿӦҲǲж˰ɣ
ŷұʵѾǸо׵棡
Ǵ˷ܻ֮ǵһΣڲΪʲôԼͽܻʵ͸ҹӪԼ
λδ޵䣬Ǿһ֮˿Աİ
ŷұӻЩпԼ׵һԵҲûľˡ
ЦŵʦʵвСĲġʵȴҲԱˡ
ڵʵ۷ʶ
ܹնɱ֮ˣָˡ
һжǰݻ֮ͣ
ĸܵĴԼŶôˣ
ŷұӵͷĿ֮зһ˿âߣ˵ʱˡ
ʦͽ⵶֮Ĺڽ֮У
״˷ǰĿľΪӪŷұӵġ
˵֮ǰҲ֪һεܲܳɹ
ڳɹˣȻҲǿˡ
⵶֮Ĺڴ˵Ļǲðײˣ
㾹Ȼ֪֮ĹĴڣ
ŷұӿףҲһ㵵ʵ
ʦ𣿡Щʵ
һֱŵ뽣ͷѵ֪𣿡
ŷұҲ΢΢ҡͷЦֻЦݵЩŹ֡
ЩȻĿŷұͷ⡭ͽû˵ء
ʵͷҲģ굶ˮսۣ֮˽֪顣ֻ
ŷұЩӵĿ˿ףȻһµʱҲЩ
ѾǻָˣҲȥˡ
׹ʦ˼ǵ뵶ǲʶ𣿡
ŷұĴָȷΪ紫ţѾ˸ҡȴΪʵ൱ΪѣΪǳԹǲ˵һ²ѡ
ô˵⵶֮ĹӦþˣЦʵ
ǣҲǣ
ŷұһε˹ӣĻһĲ졣
ʦ⡭ͽЩˡ׿ŷұ΢΢ҡͷ
ʵûȻͲڵ֮Ĺһ˵ˣŷұӿףЦһ
û𾪵ĿŷұһҲ֪˵ʲôˡ
һm׷ɱֻϼһĺܣթƭ˹ȥǵΪʦδ֮ǰϼһΪʦƣΪʦΪϼһء
ŷұҲǹһЦȻȬˣûǶmһַ̡
⡭⵶թѲm֮˶ûз𣿡׸֡
ϼһϷʵɵģǼӶݣȻ֮߱׷ɱȲѵѡԱʵϼһ׼ԱһڵĳΪڻա
ŷұ˵ߣѾˣ
ΪӪ
⵶ȻǸ˲Ű
ԼĻǿԱճɢҲΪϷģ
ϾҪȫףǷǳѵģ
ʦ⵶֮Ĺ׿ŷұӼʵ
ŷұӹһЦ񽣷֮µȷУΪΪʦ˶µһ󣡣Ϊım֮ǰġ
ԭˣʦ⵶ǰںδ
׿ŷұӣ˽ȫ




3463  ʦͽ
 

֮գ
ǵõϢ
֮ǰʮʥŮνϢӦԼʦųȥġ
ֻû뵽⵶ȻûҪǴȥĻҲҪΪ֮ˣ
һѾ˵Ĵ棬񱻸֪ţӰɼһˣ
ȻδôҪȡĶˣ
Ҫm⣬ĿǰʵԶԶġ
ҪΪmˣǱҪǿԼʵ㹻ʵ
λĴ޴棬Ҫõ֮ˣ
οԼʦ뵶Ĺϵһδɲ
ŷұӿףҲݸһЦͽҪ𣿡
ʦĿ棬һ۱㿴ͽ˼
׵ҲûвҴţ˵ͬʱӵеͽ֧֣Ǿһõˡ
ŷұЦŵϼһΪʦһԸҲЩŹ֡ĸһˣǱǸԵĵ֡
ܹʦΪѣȻǶʦƢˣ
Ҳͬŷұӵ˵ҪõȾǿ߸ԼѶ֪֮ˣ
ɽ
ŷұ³ĸ֣Ӧþǵڵĵطˡ
ɽʦͽ붫򣬻δȥĵطͽȻҪȥġ
׿ŷұӣҲǳ
޼Ϊ⣬Ǵ޵ڶҲΨһһֱӽƵĵطܹȡ֧֣ǿɾʵˡ
ŷұӿףҲĳ˵
ͷʦԼǣֻǿƣܹųƴ޵ڶȻҲʲôӡҪһ򳼷Ȼôס
˻Уȴԣ
ŷұҲԽԽϲԼͽܱ֮ʱԼҪ̫ˡ
׿ŷұɻʵΪͽػߵô
һҲΪҪһ㣬ټӵ֧֣Ǵ޵ͳˡֻ۸ӣҪȴҲ̫¶ݣ鷳
ŷұ΢΢ҡͷ׵ݹȻĳ룬ȴҲܹĶ
m֪׵ݣǽһʱΨһնɱλػˣ
΢΢ͷmʵ̫ӴԽ˽ͽԽľΪػmͳͽҲȻġ
Ҫ¹λ̸װʵһֱδָҪԭĸmmҪµĻԺ¡
ŷұҲ΢΢һ̾ʵҲǾŬģ
µһʵ
ŷұӵͷ֪ûһmˣʵάǰɵģǾͳ񹬹Юѡ
mͽֻǵʵͽв׿ŷұӵ
ŷұӳmʵǺܲģȻm˲٣ܹΪãҲǼǿԼʵġ
һͽҲǿǹģ̸ЩΪʱ磡΢΢ҡͷ
ҲΪʲôΪʦҪνһԭѸһֱЧİ취Ͼڵͷ˵˵ѡ
ŷұӿףҲ˵
ʦǽڵͽǡ׸Ͻ
ͽӪȣʦѾ;ƿݡξˣŷұЦŵ
ͽҲԣʦҽ̫ϳϣλ֮ϡͽɲҪҲ޿ʦ
׿ŷұӣҲǹ
ŷұһΣ׵ػߣǱδ֮飡ΪʦʦҲ֮ϵġ
ʦԲӣһΪʦΪͽɾΣҲڸĸʦ֮ϡ
ն˵һӲ
ŷұӵ͸һο֮ԭΪʦûչͽܣΪʦڲ֮ǰźδǴҲ
ô˵ʦͬˣЦʵ
ͽ˵ˣʦǻͬ⣬ǹͽһƬ𣿡ŷұˬЦڣҲʱͷˣʦͽ˾˵ѪΪͽνذɡ
һѪζɢ֮У
׿ŷұӵӣҲǹڣȷʱˡ
һЦ㳯񽣷ƿն
Ӱɳ֮ʣŷұӴһӣڷ·һ㣡
ŵһҲѾǳ׵ı
ŷұһϮ£ͷɫңһһվ˽ڴ
ʱһһ򵱹Ī֮ơ




3464  ֪
 

䣡
ɢһ߱ɱζ˸оһѪ
վڽڹ㳡ʱҲ磡
վߵıĻ
׵ԶԼʦŷұһһѾǴ˵ĸǰ
ֻĻŷұӣǶźɫң˿ǵݣ
ΨףǴʮǰ񽣷֮һγ֮ˣ
ʮ񽣷·ƽһ㡣
ΪĽ񽣷ڴһȴĸо
𾳺ڴܵĽ󣬼𾳺ڵǿߣҲССĲ̫ðյġ
ҲΪʲôô˴ŵһԭ򣡣
ȴǺܶ˶û뵽顣
쵼˵Ľ˲Σ
ʹԭ˵ЩС֮轣ڵĿԡ
˵ȻںȻһ̣еֻӵҰĵҪԶѣ
ҲΪʲôڸոյ£ô֮͵һԭ
ֻ˭û뵽ѾǱ̵Ľһ̾Ȼܹ˹
ʵ֮֮ǰһ˿˿ľ
֪ĻҲôˡ
Ҫ֪ܹҸmֵˣ˵ĻǿһްһĴڰ
㣡
ڣԭǴ˵ĸ·ּᣡ
Ǵڴ˵ĿģΪ˿סڵЩˡ
ĽڣеӽǱڽ֮УΪ˶ס֮ڣҲѡʱɱˡ
Ͼ
δϻǴŰڵţʵȴΪ̽ĴУ
ûеõ񴫳е£ҲҶ
ҪĽһڵȫնɱĻǾʵǵˣ
ʱֻҪõ˽ĴУ˾Ƿˣ˵Ҳûκεвġ
ǵŵľǽҲǽ߾ȫ취ȥƿõϰ
ôҲû뵽ǸʮǰеСӣȻû
һ̣Ȼӵŵķɣ
ʮ굽׷ʲô
Ϊ֮˱ʮǰȰʥŮǲҪеλǿߡ
Ѧ
ѦԴ˵һڣ
ڡڵȼŰѳִѾܾˡ
ΪڵĸҲǿڵĵڶ֣ڵһλ壬Ϊڵ֣
֮˾Դ˸ɳĸ֣
ĿľΪ˷ֹ˽̽ڵĲͽĴУÿɳһλ𾳵ǿߣ
ڣӵʮλ𾳵ǿߣ
ǷֱŵľܹӵйϷֽʸʮţ
ֻѦ壬Ƕû뵽ǸѾǱΪɵСӣȻվߣ
ң
׿һѦ֮ǰӡģ
ֻȰȻѦɫҲһѿ
һǸʥŮģȻţǸmй֮ˣҲ̫֣
ھһһˣҲ˼
û뵽µǴĺܣȻܹڽĽ֮ʮȴδǿϲɺذ
ѦһתҲǵȻһЦ
һԵѦ˽񽣷֮Ѿõ˰ɣ
СӣǿԷһĻm֮ˣҲ߲ȥˡ
ѦһԵͷȻʶѾǳ׵׵
ʲô
׿ѦˣĿҲǴһ˿Ū
ߣȻǽ͵ıˣԼҵȻm㣡ҪȻĻm֮˿ΪѾŶ
ЦһҲɢһɱ
ĴôµȷǵõˣЦһ
桭ģ
Ѧ鼸ͬʱףǵĿ֮дŵеΣ
ĳƺûƭλıҪɣݸһЦ
ǻϽ忴ףҲǼе˵
ʵνģǴҪĻĳһ취
׼٩ǰ֮ˣȴ֪ԼѾͷˣ
ʲô취
Ѧ˿֪ǵĸǰǻǱϣĿף
ȻλôҪõĴУΪʲôԸ˼Ҫأ
׿Ѧ壬Ҳ¶Ц֮ɫ
Сӣ㾹Ȼˣǣ
Ѧһ׵ĻҲŭ֣
ҪΪǼеҪõ񴫳УֱɱСӵĻҲбСϷˣĻˣ
һĨѦŭѾǳ׵ķֶ
ֻǾѦĵ漴Ҫ׵һɲǣһĽѾƿѦĵ棡
һļ
˭
ѦһҲʿˮΧȻ֪Լˣ
λһֱҪڵĴô
Ѧ֮ʣվԶ˵ŷұһ̽ҿԼĺɫң¶һ˶ľݡ




3465  ǿƽ
 

ڣ
һޱȵĲԾ֮˵ĶĤ֮У
ѦԭѾǽΧģǵʱ˲ʯˣ
ǵͬʱķ˹ȥ
ǽɽŸǰͻȻ֮ˣҿصɴ
˷ȥһ˲䣬˶˵Ѧĺ棡
ˣ
׵ķˣ
һ̶оһĺ󼹷ΪǿһôϤݣ
ŷұӣ
һһγ˵У˿̵ȻȥüĿȴһɲµζ
ĵһǿߣھվǵǰ
ˣýڳɥס
࣡
Ѧ˻࿴˶ԷһۣǴӶԷжĳ˿־廹ǿ־壡
񡭡
Ѧ΢΢˿ȥʮֵĲȻ
ڵǿߣèһ㣬ʵ겻ѣ
Ҫ֪󣬻ӵʮλ𾳵ǿߣ
ǿһ̣Ժ֮뵽ĳ֮⣬ĸûκε뷨
ǽ˴ĳ
ŷұӻĳ˸ǰĻ˵ɽų֮
Ϊ޽ӽ𾳺ڵĳǿߣĻʵҲǰ˿Աġ
ͬΪڣǲҲһĴ
ĻܹΪmϱʵȻӹɵġ
Ȼڵǿߣʵ֮Ҳֻǲһǰѡ
Ѱ𾳺ǿߣҲκβǰλmĳǿߣ
ĻԾģΪһ׺ʦ𱨳𣬶ֻǸضѣ
ˣһֵĻʮֵġ
Ѧ丱λҽڣʵҽ԰
ŷұӵ֮һĨɱ⣬ֻȥʮֵƽͣ
ڸҳһ㣡
㾹ȻȬˣѦŷұǷĿ⣬Ҳ֧֧ʵ
һԵȻѾȬҵȻڵҲˡˡ
丱ôżʲôŷұӸֶŶѦЦһ
ѦһͬΪ֮ˣѡҴ˿ȫʲô˼
ȫҽһڵӱɱɱѺĹѺڸ˵ȫ
ŷұڵһ¾ˣѹʽʶ˸оһϢ
⡭ȻѾ֪ҵҲ޻˵ھҲ޷Ҵ࿹ɣҵȾؽ񣬼ȻѾָӴԺҴ뽣ھˮˮ
ѦΪͷ֮ˣҲ
ֻ֮еһĨ˾һ㣡
һ侮ˮˮҽڹѺںδŷұӲδ˵ʲôģʵ
ڽ֮УֻҴ˵ʱһЩ翹ģ֮˵Ҳûʲô󰭡
һԵѦͷܹǰӵĻԺҴ˻ǻӭһμġʱԳư򡭡
ų
ŷұӵĿ³֣
ҵȳȥѦĳȻǷЩˣ
ѦŷұӣҲһľΪ֪ԽԸȻʲôõճġ
һвһʾ
ʵб˭ҪţϾԵĿǽ񰡣
вڣǱھ֪֪вڵĺʲô
ŷұӿѦͻȻˣ
ৣ
һӰѾǳ˵ĸǰ˻δӦ
֮ѾΪ֮һ䣡
ĽһĿй£
ѦڵѾγһ֯ľ

һײ뵽˵ĶУѦǿֿӣ֮˶ȴ
û˭ʱȥѾǶŭĽ
ݣ
ѦϿˣһһĽ·ҪѦ˺һ㣡
һͷԼ赲ĻѾһ̲ˣ
ˣ
ѦȥҲѾһϢĸо˿ѦѪ֮Уȴû˸ǰһ
Ѧûü˵ʲôѾǳ׵ʧȥսˣ
֣ʯƾ죡
ڵǿߣڽҲֻǵֵ˼֮Ϊ˵ģ
šˡ
屻ŷұӵϢ壬֪ӲĿ²ˣ
Ϊ֮ƣֻ˳ӿûлĻˣ
һ£
˵ĸǰԭɽƵĳѾʧȡ֮һȺ˵ĽڵӸ˵ĸǰ
ֻǵǰӿǰֽ֮˵ʱһѾǲỨ




3466  λ飿
 

ӭˣ
ɽХĽڵĹ㳡źһֿ˽յٹ⣡
һ̣
ǽڵˣŷұҲΪ֮һ
Լͽµȴڵʲô³Ҳǿ֪ˡ
ɣܿˡ
ŷұӿԼյǰӣҲǴһ˿Ĳᣡ
ֻҪ£ҵܵίʲôأ
˵֮˿ȥȻϥ¹򣬿ü֮һӰȴ˲ò࿴
˱ǽڸΤ
ΤȻҶڣԱҲغҽδһ£
ŷұӲδ̶˶֣Щ죡
лֲ̿ѣʱȴκεĶ
һˣƵˣ
µƾԸϷҲԲüͷ
Τһ°ǶԽŷұȴø
ཻĪ棡
һνشʣΤȴҲûκεЭ
ΪնɱǵĻµһҪıǽλĶˣ
ף
ŷұӿһԵףҲЦһ
ʦͽڣ
׹ҲվŷұӵĲ෽ȥʮֵĹ
ΤЩƵʵˣʲôʱͽˣ
Ǳǰյͽֻһֱûж⹫ѣ
ŷұӿΤһɻӣҲǽ͵
˸հԶ
ΤҲǹƺŷұʲôͬġ
ŷұЦһǱͽ±ڻĳ񽣷ˣ
СѾˣǱҽڵĴˣ
ΤƺѾ֪ŷұҪʲôһ㣬߾ȫŷұǱ˵
һ˵ȿͻȻֵͽҲһͷˮ
Ҫ֪ڵ˭Ϊ˵Ĺŵӣ
ǽӻ֮ˣȴûһܹõ˵
úܶҲƲѣû뵽õȴòĶһȥõˡ
ˣڽ֮˿ʵЩˣ
Ȼˣ
⽣ڵȴҲû̫ļ֮飬ΪʲôΪ˼ʵʵľǵˡ
ʵҲǱľԼԴ˿˵Ŀⶼ׵ϣ
Ҫ˵ʲôҪأ
ΤˣĴĳжأ
ʵڽѾһŵ˽⣬֮ǰڣԼʦҲǸԼһ飡
Τǽڵĵڶ൱˵õĴڣ
Ȼ˵֮λʮֵף׶ȴҲ̫ĵģ
ԣʱҲǻӶѣ
ΤһЦСѿˣԺҿɾǲսˡ
Τ˵Ļǲڵȷ׽ҽڣ֪λǡ
ŷұӿΤԼΤһ˵Цʵ
ΤһЦ飬ҵֻзӣκεģ
Ǳ׳ҽڵڶأ
ŷұӵһϯֱʯ쾪ǽڻǴ˵˶һĿɿڴ
ʲôţʵ̫ˣ
Ȼǽͽʵܹ⽣ô
ѲԼҵһ֮ҲǴ˲ɣ
ΤȻǱŷұӵĻˣ̹µˣҽڵĹǰû⽣ô⽣أ
˼
һ˲䣡
ڵ˼ǹŷұӵĸǰ
ŷұΪڵĿɽ棬ǿɾڵ
ûŷұӵĽڣƺˣ
Τʲô˼ɾ˵ɣôűڵţŷұӿһΤ
ˣҾлֱ˵ˣֹӵȷţܹ˿Ҳĸ֡ɽƮҡʱλ־ĲȰ
Τ˵ĶǴʵʱŷұӣǵǽڱ˾·
ŷұӵ˵ô
ûûˣֹӵʵŵŷĻҵҲ޻˵
ΤףҲǳ
Τ˵ĺܶԣʵòŵӵϿɣ׵λȻҲȹˡ֪λô֤أ
ŷұЦЦ·һо֮а
ֹӿΤ³ʮеĻǱ˵츳׿ҵһ֮
ΤŷұӣҲ˫ֱȭ
ΤĳΪô鷳ˡ
Τʱ׵ͻȻΤȽ֮һãȻ
һҪʲô




3467  ɱ
 

ʲʲô˼
Τɫһ䣬һ￴ȥʮֵĹ°һദ˰
Ľڽˣʱ»֦ڣ
˶µ飬ȴûа취
Τ뵽ôʵҪ׼̳⽣ڵ²
Ҫ֪Ѷˣ
Ǵ˵ȴʮֵŰ裬ΤоЩ²̨
˿̣
˾ôףҲһĲȻ
˵ûͽ˽֪飬ôҲû뵽ȻʱQһͽܳ
Ǹ벻ǣͽܾȻҪΪνڵ
ȹ֮£ǼҪ֣Ҳǲ岻ˣ
Ϊѱˣ
ֻǵΪһǻӹһٵʱȴִʱǸ֮ˣȻԼ
ΤȻ˵ĳʮУ֪ɱ
׵Ŀ⳯ķ˹ȥ
ΤҲǾ°ͶȥˣЩŵĿ׵㡭˵ô
ʲôĳ֪ĳҪΤлǲУ
׿ΤҲ¶ŵʵ
⡭⵱Ȼ˰ɡô
ΤҲһһﻹǲư
ǰ֮ˣǿڵǿ߰
ΤҲڵǿߣǶĻΤſʤһ
Ҫնɱ壬ΪԼûоԵİա
˵λصͽնɱĻ˵˵ʵԼ֮ô
췽ҹ̷
Τλ˵ͽʵЩ̫ˣ
вУΤ᲻֪ôҽˣʦҲĳڽڵİɣ
׿ΤҲǹһЦ
˲ɱҽͽ֮࣬˷ָֹܹնɱ壬Τһֹ֧ӳΪҽڵڶѡ
ΤҲԥһȻ˵
Σ
ĿԵĻôҲ޻˵ˡ
ο⣬ǿλĻôҲûκεİ취
Ҫһ򲻹ĻôҲ޷֮λˣ
ΤʲôɲӦأ
׵˵κμ̤֮ˣԶ
һ仰
׵İΤҲЩݣôͳ˼仰Ҳһλ۵Ĵڰ
˿̣
оһ裬Ȼһ֮ˣ
Ȼ˵ǽĶ֣ҲκС֮İɣ
񿴲ԼҲˣû뵽һͽܾȻҲôţ棡
ƾʲô
ƾʲôôţ
һ̲ס֮ݣҪͽǲҲţ˸¡Ҫڴ֮һۣκ˲ò֣
ô˵˵ģʵҲ˵ġ
֮ǰ˵һһＴʲôΣҲн񰡣
Ҫ׵ĺ·ʹı⼤
ҽڣ
׿壬˿֮вκһ˿ɫʣһڿռ֮еɱޱ
Ц˼˿Ҳֵģ㲻ҪôȻ˵ĻǾһ̨Σ
򲻿ɣ
ΤĻվ
Ȼ˵Ҳǿ˵ţ˵ͽ꣬Ȼǿȥģ
ЦսҲǶģȴӦս˸оЦǽڲҪٶôѲɾͿ˵ô
ˣ
Τ壬Ҳŭһ׼֣
ŷұӵĿһ
ΪǼǱǼǽͽǸ˰ĻǾ͵û˵ҵȱٴһսˡ
Ļ˵ǵس·һеһ
ʵҲĺܣ
ʵҪ׵лץȻвŷұӷУ
ĶֵĻʤԽԽˣ
ΪڵһѾǷųˣټϽĻѾǺʤˣ
ˣ޳ǧҪǵĵ
ΤŷұƺҪӦˣҲǸϽ
ΤǱնδѡһȻˣ
ŷұӿ˿ΤҲǵȻһЦ
Լ
Τ㵵ʵԶףΪһһͷء
Ȼʦͽͽλһ档㲻̨Ҳǲݡ
һ̤ҲΪ֮һ
ֻһϯȴýڰΤڵļ˶üѣ
ΪǾʵ̫ˡ




3468  ս
 

ڣ
Ѿˣͽ˵ĿоʮֵĶˣ
Ҳ֪ԼΨһˣ
һĨɱѵʶԼڵĴ
Ѧ֮ýںʹߵ˶棡
֪ǲڲһĻֻܵˡ
ף
λ֪ðĽͽܣΨһͻƿˣ
ڿ̲Ӯһ̨ĻᣬȻǲģ
ܹס˵Ļ½񲻷
ߣΤһŽҲǾ㵲ѣ
λ˵˿ʵЩǸоǶϷһ㣡
̨
ɲģô˵棬˼ȻӦˣ¾Ĳڰˣ
ѲԼλ˶Լͽģ
۴һ濴˶Ķְ
ɻã
˭Ҳ֪񵽵Ǳʲô
ΤʵЩ̲סˣȷôֹӿ˵Ψһͽи̵Ļҵ˽
ΤҲЩﻢˣ
ʵԭҪ潣ģΪԼķԣڲűһץס˻ᡣ
Ҫи̵Ļ˿¼ǲԼԼҲҪˣ
ŷұ΢΢һЦͽʵ廹еһƴġ
ŷұʵҲǷǳţһ·ɽ絽磬ԼмＸԼ϶жϵġ
ŷұҪĲѡף
ûĿ׳֣лЩûס
ϵ
ŷұĵޱȣʼմŵһ˿ŵ΢Ц
⵹Щıϣ
Τˣ֮սթĺܡֹһδµˣ
δ£Τ̫СڵͽˣˣȻʼǾȿŰɡ
ŷұӵĿѾ˲ԶһƬյ֮ϣ
ʱ˿̣
һһѾվǱߣǻĳһƬȥ
ֵģΪĿ۵ģ
忴ףҲĨһ˿Ц
׵˵ʲôĽҲûа취ӽ뿪㻹ǲԼɡ
٣ܡ
忴ǰ̲סķһЦݣ
Цݴĺ壬Ȼǿˡ
һԼô
ЦһҪ׽ĳвĳʦķȷǲֻͻƿƺҴˣ
㡭ȥɣ
û뵽ԼһЦԷ㿴Լ˼߳ŭ֮Ҳֱӹ
ݣ
һ᳤Ľ˲ϯڵķλ
˲
һʱ䣬һЩѾǿ峡ˡ
ʯ֮䣡
ڵķѾǱ˿ڴ֮ɫ
ȴΪ֪ԼûǸһ
ʵô
׿壬ҲһЦڵǿߵȷǺǿ
Ҫʱնɱ壬һ׵飡
ĿǰʵҪսʤ֮һЩѶȵġ
ƵǿߣƴȫҲսʤ֮
֮ǰ׵ȷΪԼʾڣԼʵҲˮǴߡ
սʤ壬ӦһȽ׵飡
ڿԼжʧģԱ
Ҫնɱ壬ҲûκεĿԵģ
ߣ᱾˺ã㻹û˵
ŭһҲһεὣУ
֮У
Ľϵײ˿ǿ֧Ŷѣ
ԽԽ£
һʱ䣬Ѿؽٻغϡ
ڵͽ֮廹Ҫһ߰
ŷұӿ˺ޱĴսҲ΢΢һ̾
Ȼʾڵʵս壬Цˡ
ľ֣ŷұҲüѣ
ˣֹӾȻܹӣʵЩʼδ
ΤǱսٻغϣҲЩѪȣ
һԵļҲ΢΢ͷǶǸȥЩļһҲȻ
Ȼǽͽܣ;ȻѾﵽ۷ˮ׼ʵ˾̾̾پ̾
ŷұ΢΢ҡͷûʲô漣ĻӦòĶ֡ĺܰ
ǰȻƲ࣬ʵҲǲһΣȥĻˣֹӿΣ˰ҪȻǡ
ΤҲ̽ԵĽ
ŷұҡͷȻľ֣ɰ졣Լѡ񣬱ţܹͦȥ
ͦȥ⡭ôܣǿߣʵս鼫ΪķḻǺĿҲֹܹӡ
ΤһЩˣ׳£Ѵˣ
˵֮ǰһĻôΪ˾ǿҲǿʱ
λŵĴ£δزܹȡûԻͣ
СӣСˡҪܲܽӵסĿҽ׺һڣ
ڴʱ¶һ˿ŵЦݣʽѾǻӶˡ




3469  ׺һ
 

ˣְɡ
ΤʱѾǼͷˣĻҲһ

ŷұӵ۾ҲĶ̨
ʵһֱ˵֣ҲΪ˸㹻Ļᡣ
ĿԻ壬ôΪǾ˳ˣ
ԼҪǳֵĻ׾һĨȥ۵㣡
οڿɲ׵յ㣡
ΪػߣδҪm֮ˣŷұ׶ȻֹЩֶΣ
ˣĲ׺һڣҿҲֻ˱ˣֻ֮һ棬ֹӵʶôжϵĳأ
ΤŷұӣҲЩ˵
ŷұӸҪ˵ΤѾһ˵
ˣİͽڽڣǽǸӵĶˣ
ǰˣֹȻҵóϷ
ҽڵĳˣǺαó˵óأ
ҵԸֹӳΪҽ˳ȣ
һʵҲǱ׵ʵ۷ˣ
Ȼ׵ʵƺ񲻵壬ʲôˣ
ƵڵǿߣͳһѾ˲ѵˣ
˵İͽȻԺһλڵǿ߶սһܹսôʱ䣡
ܲأ
Ҫ֪˵λͽŶֶأ
Τϥ¹˳֣
һʱ䣬ھȻһƬɽХ
ŷұ̾һˣȻλñڳ֣ǡ
ʦ𣡡
׿Ŷɱڵ壬ҲǶŷұӵķ
屻һɤӸͣ
Ҫ䣿̨ݵģ־ܣʱĳ뿪֮ʱȻҲɱ㣡
Щϸúһ㣡
ΪľǲŷұӵõֻȴƲһ壬ȻŷұЦŵʦ𣬴˷֮ս̨ʦȣһӶ̧ͷģʦ˼
ǡ
ŷұӿףҪ˵Ǻţ
췢飬Ҳֻнڲ֪֮ѣ
ˣǽעǲܳȥˣ
֪ΣĻʱӦʱֹν̨
ǱıһնɱĻŷұӿ¶Ҫˣ
ο
Σػ߰
ֻ˵һŷұҲԥˣ
ŷұӣǳ֣ǱǶ㽣ڵ
ŷұЦѾ棬ֶúˡ

ŷұһ߬Լȭͷ
ղžӦնɱѦ֮ʱһһġ
û뵽ղһʱûг֣ȴҪ˵ĺ
ԹԵЦҲǷһ˿Цݵˣͽˣ׺һڣ
һ˲䣡
߷·һ㣬һƿ֮뵽˶У
ЩԭߵĽ·潣һ㣡
ɵʵʣ
׵ҲǶǰһЩĿ࿴ˣôĽȻ˻ַ֮
ò˵ܹΪ𾳵ǿҲһţ
ֻƺҲ͵ˣ
һͶ̥ʱ򣬼ǵ̫ҲǺ£
Щ̵ĿףѾԼһ֮ˣ
ǼԼеһ
һ
ڳ֮ˣ˽Եֵһ֮˾˰ɣ
ûôһŵĻôʱ׽νľأ
֪Ҫ׽ֵģѾˣ
Ҫƴȫŷұնɱ֮ǰصĴۡ
㲻һͽô
Ǿնɱͽܣ嵹ҪŷұӿױԼնɱһĻжôʹ
һ̣
˵ĿⶼǼ׵ϣҪ׵
ڵĿռ֮У
سĽ·ҪڵĹ㳡˺һ㡣
ڵһƬ򣬽Ϊһ㡣
ӹ
ĽӰ˸оһĹޱȣǿƳ֣Ϊʵ֮廹ҪһЩףôܹмܵסأ
ǼһҪʲôȻķȥˣ
ҵ찡ҪӲɣ̫ˣ
ⲻô׺һڵϾͱ˰ɣ
˻ֵʲôذѲҪʦô
һʱ䣡
ڵĹ㳡Ѿҳһˣ
ڴʱ
׼ͬʱ¶˹Цݣȹĳ濴ֵʵЩĪ




3470  ǿ
 

׺һڣ
ǿľѧҲԳľ
ܹ֮ΪģȻʲôеֶˣ
ĽӰĳ׵ķкµʱ򣬽֮һסͣ
ԭ˵ͽȥͲĶ֣
ȻҲһս֮Ѿǳ˺ܶ˵뷨
ɽһս֮սʤ֮ȫˣ
ֻ˸о˳֣ҲǺˣ
ĽӰƺҪոסһ㣡
˿̣
׿ĽӰһƬռ֮תŲ
֮򣡣
׵ķʮֵǿ⿴֮ͨȴüͷ
ΪƺҲǸоһɲͬ
˵֮£һνĲͬѾòںˣ

֮еĳҲ¶һ˿ŵЦݡ
ӰʮֵĿ£ʵвֻһ
һӰĵӰкܶ˼ܹжϳҲѾˣ
ʵĳԽ壬ܹǰԤУ
ҲΪʲôŵһԭ
ΪǰһȻ츳׿ʵԼ֮ϣ
ο߳Լһ˿˿Ҳлȡʤġ

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ʽ
ʽ
һ
׵һŭҲǳ׵Ļ谵
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ⲻ˵ǿѧʽĿһô
ʦǵõ˵Ĵ˰
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Ϊʲôӵ
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ΪӦþ⺳ʽˣ
׻ԼеӰڵҲǳ׵ķˣ
ֻǴ˿̵ȴѾ
ֻǿһһҪսʤҪƿǿһ
Ȼǽǿѧ
һҲЩˣ׳Լķĳ
оµǣһƺѾǿ֮еһ
ֹסҡͷȻǾò̫ܣ
ݣ
ʱһ·ƾնڵϿһΪ
һһ죡
ȻֺϢΧ˶Ϊ֮ôˣǼδʹĽ
ý֮û뵽ǣһҿ⿪һȻ˵ͽʹģ
˵֮ǰ˶֮ԱǵĻôѾûκεɻˣ
¡
ǿĽһֱײ˿
ǿĽನһһˣֱΧڵĵӸ֮Զ
ǽڵĸֵסನĻһνʧĵӽǲˣ
ʧ꼰绹ô
ܣܡ
ЩʧǵĿŶӲĿסԼһף
һ·һСǿһ㰡ȻԼһܹ£
֮еľ֮ɫѾǱ¶ţ
ʱ򣬲ڵǣһڴ֮ҲǽŲѣ
ʵ֮ǰҲйʾҪýͽ
ڱ˵ˣԼҲΣˡ
ģܶ˵Ѿǲһ˿ı
ʮλǿߣҪ⽣ˣ
֮ǰ˭ܹ뵽龹Ȼǳȥչأ
׺һڣȷЩͷҲ˶ѣĳѲɾûʲô־ˣ
״˿Ҳǳ΢΢һЦֻǶζըˣ
ŭһߣȻʱκβ㣬καô
ĳ˵ҪɱȻҲ߾ȫġЦһ
־ŭ֪һﻹжٵĵƣ
ôôҪնɱԼǳ롣
챾Ҫ㵽ʲô취ܹնɱ𣡣
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Ϳʼ̼ɹתˣ
ֻҪֵĴǵʱԼĻ᲻ô
׺һڣ
Լǿѧûκε˴ˣҪڶʱնɱӣѾûпˣ
ֻܹתΪķԴ׵
ľĳѾ̹ˣ֪ɷܹĳ߹һغأ
׵һ仰ڶΪ֮ˣ
ܲǽһ仰ܹΪڵˣ
Ϊģûм֮˰




3471  һغն壿
 

ڣ
ŷұӺΤ˿ŶӲƿĲ׺һڣǵҲд֮ɫ
ŷұӣҲû뵽׾ȻԽʽһʽʩչ
ֻŷұȴܹնɱ壡
˺ȥĿԵǺܴ󣬱ϾΪڵĳǿߣɲʲôϺ֮ģ
һбɱ
ʵٵ»ᷢڵķǳ֮
ӵŻ֮壬ҪʱնɱҲ
Ӹղ彻ֵ׵ʵ֮廹ҪһЩģ
Ҫǿһľ޴˲׺һڵĻ
һǿĽпܻˣ
ˣû뵽ĸͽʵǺǿȻܹжϳĲ׺һڣʵҾĺܰ
Τ仰ʵŵԼ׵ͬУ
ŷұӵͷҲû뵽ȻѾǳ׵˱ڵľѧ츳׿ҽδϣ
ǰˣֻ
Τŷұӣ֮ǰĺû̵ѣʵΪǺܿ񣡣
лֱ˵
ŷұӿΤӣҲЦŵ
ӵΣյڣѾȻ˺ܶࡣ
ڶʱڣ׻ǻռһϷġ
ŷұѾ֪ΤҪ˵ʲôˣЩἰ
ϾͽܣҲػߣ
Ȼղ׵ĻʮֵĿŷұӿ׻Լ֪ĵҲ˵أ
ΤüˣֹӵȷţҲǺҳӵ츳ţ˵۹Ƿǳġֻ̫һЩ
ŲǺô
ŷұӿΤҲǹһЦʵ
ΤͷŵȷǺ£ɡղžȻ˵Ҫһغ֮ڽ壬⡭ֱǡ
ΤѾܹˣֱǲ֪νˣ
Ҫ֪֮ǰ׻һֱһľ棬Ȼڽסǿһ֮ıˣ
˵ıʵΤҪ˼̫ˣ
һԵһλҲǵͷΤԼǣҽһ°ȴҲ˵һЩű߼ʵĻֹӳΪҽҵȶȻȨֹֻһ
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ŷұӿΤˣҲЦһ
Ȼ˵ԼҲţܾһʮֵĹ죡
˵ģһѾǺܶ޷ˡ
ĴУһɽͻˣ
˵ɽ磬磬ǶȻҲ䶯鰡
ҪһθǰĽӴĻŷұӻĻΪһûб߼ˣ
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ԣŷұӾȻҲ֮
Ȼˣ
һеǰỹҪװȫǰ£Ļ˵У
˵ģͽܣԺҲǲˡ
ΤЩĿŷұӣҲǱˣȻֹͽܣɡҲôƫ˵ҪĻԺẦģпܻẦŰ
ΤǱƫ˵֮ǰΪʲôʵ
ŷұӿΤҲǺٺһЦ
ΤЩε˵֮ǰȷΤĳˡ
Ǻսٻغϵʱʹ׺һڣΪģ
ŷұӿΤһεķʵ
Τĭġȷֹһεĸҵȴ˾ϲ
ŷұӹһЦȻθǴ˵ľϲΪʲôͲأ
ɡʵ֮廹ҪһЩôնɱأοղžȻ˵Ҫһնɱ⡭ǡ˼
ΤЩҪˣΪŷұӵͽܵĻ䳰ȷˣ
ŷұ΢΢ֵȻҲЩ˼飬漣˴ô
˼ȻĵĻΤĳҲ޻˵ˡֹһնɱĻҡҡ
ΤһҲ֪˵ʲôˣҪָо֪Ҫ˵ʲô
ŷұӹЦˣȿɣ
Զ
˿ɫѾǳ׵һƬԼܵⱲ裡
ȻһԼ˸ˣ
ȻҲ϶֮ʵǿһ޿һ֮ھնɱԼ
ԣǽ
ǽͽܶѣȻ츳ߣʵ֮ԼҪһ㣡
һԼˣȻô˵ҪնɱԼ
һﻹʲô˵

ڴ˿̣
֮Ѿǳֵһʥּģͼ
ͼϷһճׯ£
ž˵ĸǰһľ棡
ֻ˭Ҳ֪׵Ҫʲô
Ѳһȥôܹնɱڵǿߣ




3472  ʱ
 


յ֮ҲǱ
ֻǼƷñ֮Ʒһ㶼
ʵԼ֪
Ҫһնɱ壬ʱ˺ȱһɣ
Ͼڵǿߣײûһеİա
ڣҲȫûаգ
ڣѾɹתˣĻҲ˵óĻ
˿̣
忴óôҲüѣ
ޱȹ죡
ӲҶˣȻҲһնɱԼ
Сʻ괬뷨
Τ
ײδκĶתͷһԵΤ
Τһ㶣漴ֹӣ£
ĳʸΪڵô
׿ΤҲǵʵ
ȻУҵȶ߾ȫ
Τ˿ҲΪЦǺǵ˵

һĨХ׵Ѿͳһöƣ
˿ŽڵҲһεĿ˽ŷұӣŷұӳΤ΢΢ͷ
ʾöԼ׵ģΤ˺ԥҲǹ
˿̿׾ȻŽڵҲЦһôѲҪýһӵô
׸ûд壬Τ˵нǿںȡǵľѪ
Ѫ
Τԥһ£Ǻܿ㽫ԼľѪƳڣ
𾳵ǿߣԵĿһ¾ʮλ𾳵ǿߡ
Щ˶֪Ҫʲô
Ѿȡ˽ڵ
ǽԹĹأıĻ
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ܿ죡
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Щǿ߷·ǾѪĹϵһ㣡
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æµӣŷұҲ΢΢üҲ֪Ҫʲô
ȻղŷұûȡѪͻȻ֮ô϶ĵģ
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ΤŷұӣҲŷұΪˣϾѾǿˣ
ŷұ΢΢ҡͷΤ˵ڲ֪ӦǶЩɣ
⡭ȥһ㣬ѲҪ𣿡ΤϸǳԾһƬ
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ֻǵɻֻܹȵսʱ֪ˡ
ŷұ΢΢ҡͷǱͽܣɱڶ˽Ҳرȫ档ԺǾ֪ˡ
Ȼô˵ˣǾĿԴɣ
ΤҲ֪׳ΪνѾǰ϶ˡ
Ҳʸˣģܹ͸ģûʸ˭ʸأ
ʱ忴װģһҲЦһҲñ֮λѣϲļƵóˡ
ʦ֮ڣʦλΣοҽڲ黹ֲ֣㻹ʬȽϵĺã
׿һмģҲû˵
㡭㲻Ǻţ𣿽챾Ҫһغնɱڵģ
ҲǲаˣһѾûб߼ˣ
ʦŷұӱˣҪ˵ĻҲõ
һ𾳺ڵǿߣܹһ֮նɱһλڵǿ
ǿ罣ˣҲʱʴʰɣ
ھ϶һ̫ţһǿϰˣ
𣿡
׵ɭһƬ˱̹ǵҲǴʮֵľ񣡣
ȻòܣܾСЩŹ֣
ʲôطŹ֣һӻĲ֪ʲôط˵
ֻ֮ҪԼܹȫע˱ûκεĻᣡ
һжѣ
ţԼʵҲǿԳŹȥģ
ʵʱֵĻûлᡣ
ѾǹԵΪԼӦ÷أӦýˡ
Ӹղ׼ڣ̫̫ഭϢĻˡ
ҪȻҪһ֮նɱ壬ǲܵ飡
״ƵսϣʵѾʤһˣ
ڼѾǽһвܵ齥ĿʼתΪˣ
֣һ֮
¶֮ɫʱһ뵽ĶС




3473  ɱ
 

ͻȻ쳹ڣ
һʱ򣬽ڳŷұ˼ͬʱ׵ķ֣
һĻŷұӿҲһĿɿڴ
Զɽ֮ĻҲǿףʵҲǵһο澰
Ȼ˵֪ΪʲôƺһʹԼ˳
һ˲䣡
˶סһĿȹһĻ
˿̣
׵޷潣ѾǳֳһĨ̬
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Ϊڸղ˵һ˲䣬һӴ£
׵ĸǰ˲γһӴУ
оЩ˼ǣԸоԼֵ֮ǰ˺ܴĲͬ
ʵǣ
ĿɿڴĿǰһУӶQˡ
һĻоһľ
ʵҲôɣ
һﵽʲôֶΣȻ˵ľ
֮У
ԭ޷潣ʧˣȡ֮һ޷潣Ӱ
Ӱ֣֮
һʽ
ȻǿղʩչһǴ˿̵Ŀһ֮֮ǰĿһѾǲÿֲˣ
˵ղŵĿһһٵսĻôڵĿһϵս

һﵽô̵ʱѸ͵İ
ǷЩԼ˺ĵҩƺҲôѸٰ
ֻһУѾûа취ȥˣ
ٺ٣Ҳӱһԡ
׿循ֵɫû˿ԥһкԼʦʱҲûнľɣ
Ҫ
忴׺Ȼ֮ʵѾǷңû֮ǰһĨм͵Ȼˣ
ֻһ̫ˣ
ǿѹˣڿȥһ׵ĸһ㣡
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ڣ׽õϵǿߣԲܹڶʱЧ
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̫ԶĻǵʱȻЧҲǷǳǿ
Ҫﵽ˵Ч»ЩѶȣ
ৣ
һ̣˵ĿⶼǶűֵϣ
ֻǵһƬʧһ̣˵Ӷɵϴ
أ
һ̾ƾʧһ㣬һӰӶûˣ
ʵϣ
ڸղţŷұ֮⣬û˿׵׶ʲô
Τ˿̿һԵŷұӣҲʿˮ˺áǿ
Ȼ֪ʲô취ǸղһǱڿҲֻܱ֣
ŷұҲǾֵĿףղŵһĻʵǸ̫̫𺳣
һ𾳶ûдﵽˣȻܹʹ𾳺ڵԼоµһУ
ػߣֱһĴڰ
ڡ˵˼ǣӲסô
Τ˾°ͶˣŷұȻ򣬿ʲôʵźܶ˶֪ġ
˵ǶһˣҺŷұӶԿ֮˿ҲǺܶ࣡
һǿߣղžȻ˵ҲҪ˱ᣡ
˵ʲô
ֻ˵λղʹһʵ̫ǿˣ
ղΪʲô֣ʲô仯ôŷұӿΤҲǵʵ
ΤԥһҲ֪ΪʲôղƺʶľԼֳˡ˵ʲôоĻղһ˲䣬ҸоԼһϡ

ŷұ㶵ĿΤҲʶʵ
ţˣָоǳԣ
ΤͷһԵǼλǿҲΪͬĵͷȻǵĸоΤǲġ
ԭ֮£ŷұҲǿЦһԼͽܻ˲ð
һУ綼ܺ޼ˣ
ο˼һ֮壬һﻹǸ񰡣
ôˣôʧˣΤеĺҲ˳Ϊڳ֮˸ûпô¡
ŷұӐź΢΢һЦ壬Ӵ޴ˣѾ׺ˡ




3474  շORɱ¾
 

ڣ
ŷұӵһϯ˾κˣ˵ɱ壬Ǵ˼𺳣
ΤŷұӵĻѾĿɿڴ
վ̨֮ɨ֮˵ףһΤҲòϣλεʵ̫ˣ
㳡֮ϣ
֮һǾĪǲ֪Ϊʲô˵ľ󣡣
ʵȻǱȽϵǿټŷұӵǿƸȷ˿⡣
ԽһڶԿѶȲС

ЩǿһҲǲΡΡ˭뵽Ѧ屻˼ҽʦͽɱأ
֪ᷢչزĻǴҲطˣ
ЩһǸŵм
˵ѦˣǱǴ󳬼ŶںͿڵĸ
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Ѧ嶼ˣʣµһͷ֮˱һλԿڵĸ
Ȼ֮ҪһЩҲڵĳǿߺ
ǹͷ
ô򵥵ĵЩǿôܹ֪أ
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ƣ˵ʲôˣǸоλεĽʵ̫ˣ
֮嶼磬أ
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˿һ˵¹ģʵҲǱԼ
ŷұӵ˵ˣ
׻ĳ·˹
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ŷұӿЦŵ
лʦ˿ޡʱЩ
û뵽ĻҪӵΪʦҲп۵ʱ򰡣
ŷұӵЦǷĵģڰͲ֪Լôһţͽܣ
ǹΪǿߣĺҲеĲ
ĻʲôǰĶ
ɨһȦˣȻ𣬱ھνʦǽڿɽ棬˼ĻΪҽ̫ϳϣλ֮ϡ
μ̫ϳϣ
ԭΪֻλͣ׵˼̫ϳϲȨߣ
ŷұӿףҲǿЦһȻͽΪʦôͷΣԺΪʦԵ߾ȫˡԺڻǱ־̫ϳҲ⣡
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˶Ȩ˵ãһһǫ顣
ʦˣǾͲҪǫˣỹҪأ
״˿ҲǴãȳԼʦԼɹΪ˽ڵ
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ֻǲļأص㣡
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⡭
һӱΤЩƿԣ
ȷ
ڵκλץŵһһ㣬ûκε˵
Щ壬ԲΤ
ŷұӵ˵ԺҲǻһеľȨϣҵֻҪ¼ɡ
˲öΤ
ҽڵȷȱսȻλˣ׼ˣ
׵һֱðŷұڵ˶סˡ




3475  ˵ļƻ
 

ʲʲô
ΤԭΪԸЩ̤ڵ˿϶ɱ⣡
ôҲû뵽˾ȻҪˣ
ʱ˴ѹʱЩ;ˮĻǳˣ
һ㣬Τˣ
ŷұʵ֮ǰҲѾˣĹ۵ҲҪնɱˣ
Ϊ˼ȻܹˮһΣȻԷˮڶΡ
Щ˵ļҾԭţʱЩóвһ£Ǿͻͷˣ
ŷұӴ˿Ҳǿףͽȷô
ЦһʦˣȻǣȻҵķ
ǺðɣȻˣǾǰɣ
ŷұҲû̫׵ľΪհ
ʵϣ
ѾǴշˣ֮ǰս壬ҲΪ˸һ壡
һֱǿľҪɱˣ
Щ˿Ѿ˵ˣľҲͲˣ
ΪˣײŻ᲻Ѵ֮շˡ
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Ҫ̶ǣ̵ʱô˳׵ķɻ𣡣
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ǻǻŵĲ
ЩҲɵӣҲԼļƽϣ
Ǻ֮ǰʱҲ׼Ͷȴʱ
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״˽˽ֱ֮ȫȡѪȻΪˣ
ײδ⣬˲֪׵ʲô취
ֻǵ״ӽʱ򣬺ƺøӵ˳ˡ
ڣ
֮λŷұ׵Աߣ
صظŷұӼһλʾƽƽ
ȻڳΪ˽ڵʦص׻ķǳĺõġ
Ϊ֮һҲǲμ˽׳Ժĵһλ飡
ȻΤ˶ԺĻ٣˵ʲôˣôȻ˵ʲô
ڴô
׿ΤҲǿʵ
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ΤҲǹֵˣҽڵʵĿǰҪԿʵЩѶȣ˽ҽڣǿ¡
ҽڻȫû𣿡ʵ
ΤͷκεľҵȶȫԸֻҵǾٵ̫ϧˣȻڼҽڣȴֵ֮ˣʱӦϵĻ
Τ޿ܱˣ
̧ͷΤ֮дŵޱȵļᶨ
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ڳᣬΤȻҲǸþˡ
ΪױϾᣬҸжϴʮֵļ
ʵˣɴôˣǿɲһӾͶܽġ
Τ˶ȻܱѱڣһֻܷĺˡڱΪҪ˵ˣȻбڵĿģ
׿ΤҲЦŵ
ŷұӿ׵ͽʲô뷨˵˵ɡ
׵ͷʦ𣬴ӴһȷˡǽΪ׵ļŵĸֽˣŽǸˣ
Ŷ
ŷұҲȤû뵽׾Ȼô˴ˣ
̫ںǺӽȻΪڵѣʵȻ֮ȴҲһšټϺˣǽڵʵȴҲʵķԾ˸οһǲ֪ʦѾ
׿ŷұӣҲǺٺһЦ
˷
ҪֳںͿڵȼŵ䣬ʱȥĻ˿¾ͻ뽣֮ˣ
ôһҪô˸ѪĴۣ
һ棬ҲҪһͳ򣬴ӶԼʵڶʱγһʵķԾ
ʲôƭǹŷұӿףҲǻĵһЦ
λ˶ȻвСȤģ
׿ŷұӣҲǹһЦ
ŷұӿЦ˼ȷһ⣬ĿԴΪʦҪںͿڵ˵ʱ򿴵Ϊʦһʲôı顭




3476  ƿԵΤ
 

ڣ
Τ׵ĻһҲЩϸ˼ֵĸо
ǾǸһյĲظС
֮ǰļΣλεе߸֮ǰ
һΣǼҪԣҲ̫ˣ
ο
һŷұƺҲͬĿҲֻܹˣ
ֻΤһСĽ
ȻĬˣϻǶŷұӵˣΤĳΪȻУǴ˸ƣʱҵȿѵֵסΤĳǾ仰Щ˲
ΤûȿǴ˵ĽȱҲӶˡǺúõվߣЩˣ
ŷұӿΤһٶˣҲǳ
Τĳ̰֮һӦġѣ׻ΤĳΪҵӦϢͼ֮Щ
ΤȷЩԵζˣ˿Ҳǰͷŷұӣ˿壡
Τ
ŷұҲЩˣȻҲ˽ΤΪˣ
˽ⲻ˽ⲻ𣿸οѾǽڽף
ΤһٶĲ׵ӣκ˿¶Ҫģ
һʼ׼̳н֮λڣΤǸ׶Ÿһ㣡
ŷұҲ֪ΤΪ˽ںã棬ŷұӾΤѾЩ֪˵ˡ
׵ĿһΤ˵ȷЩң
һԸǿ֮ˣȻݲˡ
ֻײˣΤ̰ģһǿóġ
ȷ˵Ǹոջ˵ӦϢ
ҲȷʵһǳĻᣬһ˵ָ֪˵ϢǵʱǾзʶˡ
Τ˵ĵȷЩʦҲĪҪˡ
׿ŷұӵ̬ȣʵԼʦΪʲôЩˡ
ʵʦŷұĲΤԼΤ
ŷұӲһһΤʵҲڸԼΤǳεˣ
׾ǲɮҲÿɣ
̬ȣŷұҲǿЦһΤһ
Τĳֻǡ
ΤףҲǰȻ˵
װڰֵֻҪλɳԣײ֮ˡ
лˣ˼Τֵ
Τղ˵ȻȴҲЩֻÿһ˵·񲻾ͬھ֮λǽȻǰձڵ־ǰУͬ⣿
͸һɵϣЦһ
ΤȻ
ȻˣǱ㣬ԴΣ׷ʵ
ΤһȻ֮죡
ãȻΤ֪ʲô취ܹ󻼣һεķʵ
Ȼǲ֮Τͷðһ˿ϸ
Ȼᣬȥ֮һȴִһƵȷЩˡ
ԼλڵǿߣƺҲЩԲ
׸ֶͷȻΤ֪ΪҪֹڵļƻأǴ֪ʦ𻹻ţΪǻôŵĽҽô˸ôŰɣ
⡭
ΤʵЩ޻˵ˡ
ȷ
ŷұڶޣǶǾԵĸִڣ
һǿߵҲ˵ģҪ˵Ļ˵Ҳôţ
㣬Ǵ֮ģҪǽȦףа취üʵ
ΤĳΤĳʱ벻
Τ˵ҲЩƿԣΪ֪һ˽ĻĲ׵ľͷˣ
֮ǰԣôֵġ
ΤѾ˵ôˣںĻҿɾͲ˰
ŷұҲЩЦһ˵Ļͦοġ
׶Τ̬ȿԿóĵĺܣʮֵθУ
λǰʮλҪһ뺯Ҫ֮˵Σʮ񣡣
׿ΤҲǱ˵
ôѸ£ѵͲ¡Τ׳
׹һЦЩνĶӢҲҪģȥɣºλ䣬Щڴ




3477  
 

ڣ
ŷұ򣬲ɽѾǱ׵ķ
Ÿ֪⽣֮ѾǷ췭ظı仯
⽣ڵΧƺһƬƽľ
Ҫ֪⽣ڵŷһֱǷǳ֮ء
񻻳˴ˣʮֵķ١
ڷУҲĵط
ֻЩ˵շѶɴѳ֣ǿŽڷе棬ÿͲ֪Ҫ׬ȡٵʯˣ
״ӽڳʱ͸ȥʱһƺҲûʲô˰һ¡
οһȥʮʱ䣡
ôʱ䣬˭뵽⽣ھʲôأ
ҲΪ⽣ڱʮλǿΧԴ֮Ҳû̫Ĺע
ΪĳʲôĻǶȻȥġ
ʮ꣡
ͨ˵ȷʮֵǶ֮˵ǲգ֮Ĺˣ
޾˵һʱ俴ȥǿп޵ġ
״˷ΪľѰһŵʮʥŮˡ
죬׽񽣷֮ʮʥŮ֪ԼˣҲʹ׼ҵ򸾴˽ڵΧ
ʥŮѵĽʵ̫
ԭΪǿõ⵶֮Ĺܲصͬʱܹõ
û뵽⵶ͽĶһûõ
ԼǱڵʮʥŮߵλǿ߻ϣҲǳ׵ı¶ˣ
ڵʥŮ˵һôŶо˷۱
֮£
ҲǷmȻ֪ʮʥŮ׼֮˾һ飬Ҳ޿κΣ
˭֮˸m򲻵һȥأ
һεʥŮҪͨŮͷ˼ƲѾǴŭ죡
׼У
ŷΪķ֮һôܹٵ׼ҵأ
׸֪ʮʥŮ׼еĻҲֱӽ
Ҫйô
վ׼еſڣͻȻ֮һߵĸǰ
Ůװ
׿ݰףһ˿׵ӣҲסˣ
ô¡
׿ŮӣҲЦǺǵʵ
ȻҡŮɫ糺죬ȥЩ޴룡
׹һЦǸӦöܹóɣֹֻﳤ̫ÿһЩ
Ȼ˿λŮӿȥʮֵͨһ˿ӣ׵۾Ǻܶġ
Ҳһøֻ֣һ㶼ʵã
ŮЩ˵ǡǸҪҪĻҿԴȥ
ԼȥһôĪǹ׼еˣ
ʵЩƣ׼еĵĻŮžʮֵĺˡ
ᣬҵȲ֮ˣֻΪ׼һЩ׬ȡһЩʯѣ
ŮӿףɫЩʹȻʱƺǺܳҲûء
ҽȥȻиһЩɣֲù˵
ƺЩȻʵǴԼȥһģΪطʮֵļң
Ǵожʮ׼ȻҲǷǳĴ
Ƕʮмһ飬⾺֪ˡ
ο׼вУǿЩѹͷߣ
ţܹҴ׼еĻһõƷʯΪɵġ
ŮףҲһЦ
Ʒʯ
Ҳһ㶣һʯߵ˵Ʒʯ᲻κεȤ
ǾΪƷʯ߱ϥ
ʯһеĸҪ뱻ū۵ֻʵܹõ
ֻԴԶ޵ģٷ֮ʮܹðٷ֮ʮԴ
Ȼ磬Щʣµİٷ֮ʮˣֻܹһԴ
ЩԴҪ˲̵ĹϷ֣ʵϺܶ˲츳ֻΪǸûԴȥ
ʲô֣׿ŮЦʵ
գԽջܹﶼԵġտһЦݣҲķ˽䱸֮ġ
Ϊطʲô˶еġ
ţֵǲΪʲôطΪʲôôأ
ЩĿգҲЦһʵ
ߵ˰ɣʵҲûʲôģΪЩʣԡ
ЩֹĿף˵ƺֲ˵һ
ݸһЦֲǶ֮ˣ˵˵Ҳ޷ҲЩѣﲻ˵Ҳû¡
ӼȻյļϻҲ˵أЩɫ΢죬ԥһʵܼ֮ǰǽڱӻµһС壬ҲˣܼڷеĲҵջˣҼҸҲŮΪ˸׵ĲҲܲôˡ
ԭˣȻĻȽȥɡ
һҲ֪ǸʲôڻҪȴս׼ˡ




3478 Ĺ
 

׼У
״ս֮Уӭǵһλ׼еĽӴԱ
׼еķΣһգȻ׶ЦλҪʲô
Ǽ׶ӿڣ
׿˿СˣҲǵʵ
ӣʶǼҶӣ˿ף֮Щš
ʶ
ҲԸһϻΪһϿ˲м
Ҳƽϣʲôطȱˡ
֪մҲͨһ˼
ף
׵˵ҲԹԵĳĵط˹ȥ
մ˿̸׵Щ
ΪȻ̬ȺܺãҲǳƷʯŽġ
ôҲû뵽ǰλӾȻʶ׼еĶӡ
׼ҶҲ˵ģĽĲ׶ӵıͲ
λ׶Щ޶ȣ
ÿһŮˣǿߣҲϣһܹ谮
Ůбԭ
ֻеŮ˶ô˵ģϾһǿʳ磡
Ȼǿ֣վ˱֮ŮҪǿƺܶ࣡
ֹӣҪȻƬ̣Ǽҹڸ̸顭
ԱףȻƺЩס
Ϊ˵ʶԼҶӣҲ׵ĵ
ɲȴķıˡ
ȶã
Ǵ̬ʵϣҲƽϣ
ǰƺ֮УʹӸղָ߸ϵ̬ͿԿó˾ִɫ۾ġ
ֻصı֮ҪһЩѡ
λԱ˿ף赭д˵һСÿ̸Σ
ǾͲǰȥͨһüʵƺղô˵İɣ
ղСˣǵԱ̲Щŭס
ˣң
ЦһɫЩѿ
СĿɲҡǵԱҲ¶һ˿ЦݣܿһԵճ㻹Ÿʲôĵط𣿻ȥ
ָɣ
еŭĿһ˿գ£
մ˿쳣
ɴܣС갡
ǰ˭Ҳǲ𰡣λֹȻ֪ʲôͷ˼ҵʮӡ
λԱ˵ȻֻǸԱ׼ƹĶӣҲǴ׼ҳϵ
һվöﲻԺҪؽϻȥ
ԼվĳһߵĻʱ»Լȫɱ֮
ֹ֡ӣҪȻͳȥһɣ
뵽һеİ취ȥ˵ˣ
ƹ񣬱
ǸԱҪͻ֮ʣǵһ
ŮУȥӺݻ֮ϵĴһ֮֮ͨ
ӴӴӴҵ˭أʲôλ˰׼԰
Ʒɣ
׼ϵһ֮ˣ׼ҵϵҲһС
Ʒɺ˵Ҳֵܵ֡
ֻ˵ʵЩ̫ˡ
Ʒ׼ܲûʲôȨⶫ׼УҲһ
ȻˣƽʱҲ͸ӴʲôģҲǴӵײ֡
˭׼еƹأ
һ¶ȥҪ͵ʵҲˡ
ƷΪʲôôţΪһʲôоһȣ
ֻ֪ɽɽ˵ĵ
ǰƷɴк֮ˣǴͷһλǴĳ֮һƮѩڵѰīһλǿ֮ǳ
Ĺӣ
˶˱ռϯλɼǵĵλ֮ߣ
񣡣
ѾǱ˳׵ĿƣλŷҲ֮ˣ
ǳͶ֮һ˿ӺݵƹĻ˵ĿҴô
ڣǼҶ̸أ
ƷɿǰˣҲЦһ
Ǹʲôİ
ѰīЦһǸ߸ϵ̬·նһ㣡
ûʲôǼһ˵ʶǼҶӣһͲˡû֪Ӹ̸ô
ƷƳһףҲЩô
Ƕ·Ͻύʲô̾ѣΪԼҶӵԸʮֵ˽ġ
ǣƺΪӵѰɣѰīЦһȻƷɵȻµȴҸӣ
ӣ
ǳ￴ѰīҲǼЦһƺܸȤһ㣡
Ѱī׵ķһεĿ˹ȥǼһߵŮƺһŮǿ˭ȵõŮΣ
٣ܸҵ뵽һȥˣ
ǳ￴ѰīҲ¶һ˿ΪЦݡ
մ˿˵ĶԻҲǻһ飡
һԵƷɹһЦλȻ۹ⰡյĵȷȷһλŮֻλ۹ȴҲܿϣͼӵǿԵġһֱҪǵڵһζҩĸβֻҩʵ̫ˣġ
һʯ񣡣
ƷɵҲǸˣڸṩͬʱȻ뵽⣡
Ŷһҩˣ
ѰīǳＸͬʱʵ
ƷɵһЦǲݣ
ʵϣ
ἰĻνǲݵǸʲôⶼ֪
һ˲䣡
ǳѰīɫ𾪵ĿƷɣһԵҲŤͷ˹




3479  ǲ
 

ǲݣ׼оȻĺö
ǳ￴ƷɣҲǷһ˿ȻЦݡ
һԵѰīҲ𾪵ĿƷɵôõĶƹȻ˽أɲ֮
ƷЦһǲȻ׼һмġֻλҲ֪׼вȱʯҲûд
ûд⡭ʲô˼
ǳЩɻĿ˿ƷɣҲһεüʵ
ѰīҲЩĵ˵˵ƹǴ˸׼һѣˣǿɾͲ̫˰ɣ
ƷɹһЦҰλڶǶͷ쵱ƷϷˣλأֻеĹλӦ֪İɣ
׼صЩǿˣͬｻĺöôóȥأ
ǳƵĿƷɣȻҲʮֵƣ
ѰīҲǵͷΪôһŮˣҵȸ˴õǲݸһãӲõ֣
ƷЦЦλǿɶһǧһǲôأ
ƹɱˣǲǶеĻǻûжܷˣ
ǳҲǲдЦһҡҡͷ
Ѱīǳһ۵Ʒϵܣ֪ǲݣǴ㻻ʲôأ
λǲҩмƷеӦ֪˰ɣ
ƷɿѰīǳҲǵһЦ
ǲݴ֮п̥ǣʣҲ֪Ǽ٣Σ̥ǿ϶ˡһ˵츳һȼƷеƷ
Ѱī٩٩̸ƺȥʮֵĲѧ
ǳҲͷǵȼ۽ĻǼƷֻǼƷҩ֮֮࣬ƥ䰡
ƷƷҩһҲǼΪİ
ǳȻô˵ƺҲ
һԵѰīҲǷŹƷϵܣǲĳҲѾãû뵽ǻԵɺϵĺܡ֪ⶫɹ
ٿһ£
ѰīѾǶһʵ챦
ǴæһƳԸ֪ĳȷɽѹ
Ʒɫһ䣬һЦȻǴֱʰһ־ǼƷ
Ʒ
ȷʮֵĺֻȴҲûУ
෴ģƷĴвٵġ
⼫ƷҩȻҲһЩġ
⼫ƷƷҩʲôģǲһȡѣ
˵ǲݾôֵǮҲ˵ǲݾֵֻһƷ
һеһУǿ󣡣
֪ǣǲҩģûмƷǼƷҩȷǺѽ׵ģ
ǺܶеһģļƼ۱׼ȴҲǴˣ
轣彣֪ƹΪΣ
ѰīƷɣӿȥʮֵĴݣ
轣µȷ˵ģȻ֮ǲݻҪһ㣬ƾĳĹϵĳǿģ
Ʒ˵ˮ©Ȼ˵һɫ۾ȷҲһ˲ţ
̸һ⣡
ϲˣͲˡһǲݣٿԷֳʮݣʱɵ÷ֶһ㰡
ǳ￴ѰīҲ΢΢һЦ
ѰīһЦл磬ʱܶȻ籸һݡ
Ѱī֪ǳﲢûʵԼӲܣ
ƮѩԽǿɾˣûеô
Ѱīó轣ҲڵѪģ
Ͼ⼫ƷֲʲôôֵĻƮѩҲֻм
ǲݶѰīżôĻô˵Ѫأ
һ轣ǿǼֵǵģ
ѰīһͿۣҲǳʮˡ
ĻƷôôˬľʹӦأ
ǲ׼һЩ⼫Ʒ׼˵ӵʵã
˿̣
׺յĿⶼ˴˴
գĺסķȻĶˣ
ֻ֪ʵĶԼĸף
ԣһʼ뵽ľǾĸԼĸ
ڳ׵κã붼û
ŮҪôֻҪܹźҸҶ磬ǵʱǲݷһȻûģ
ѰīգҲЦһ
ʱȻŶ磬ǺֵܰǳҲǷЦ
ջ򣡣
ȵջ
Ȼ׵˿述ɱһ㣡
մʱӺͮͮľܹ֭һ㡣
Ķˣ
ΨһܹԼ׵Ļˡ
ҡ
յӶڲţһεѡⱲһѡˣ
׿ʹֵգ˵չ˵ôأǲҸӶѣ
ӣҡ
տףҲһӲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ΪоԼһֻ@ĸһ㣡
ĸУ˵ķôٹһȥѰīۿƺҪӦˣû뵽һСӾȻװβǣ
˭˵ǲݾˣ
ѰīǳŭĿһ۵ʱ׵һϯ׼˲䰲




3480  Ŀ
 

׼еĳڣ
ƷɵĿ׺գʵһƷЩס
׻ʢ
˵ǲ׼ǷƷ
Ҳ֪һ˵Ĺӿ϶ܹϵġ
˵ģ̥һȻĶˣ
Ȼ̥ǵļʲǺܴ󣬿һĴﵽ̥ǵľصĻǶ˵Ǹһ¥֡
Ĺӵ츳ǷǳĲȻϣٳ߸ͷһˡ
һƷȥȡһĸߵĸԶȻʮֵĻ㣡
ɼƷԺ󻹿ᣬǲݵȷǷǳĺ
׼ӵȼƷҩģҪ۵ˡ
轣
ڼƷ֮Ҳеȵ֣׼һβ˵׬ˣҲˣ
ƷɾԼԼĶӹϵҲһ㻯
û뵽ôȻ˵ԼҵĶѡ
ҪһоԱ
գҲǲʾóصǲݡ
Ҫ֪ǲԭǴ׼еóġ
˸üǮƷɾԼҲܹĹȥˡ
ֻû뵽ǣԭΪѾǳˣû뵽ˣȻɱҧˡ
˵ʲô
ѰīΪԼˣŶǴЩ׵ףҲֺǺǵʵ
ֹӣ嶯
ȻƶطҲǼЩġ
׾ΪԼЩ嶯ˣ
ֻղ˽ףôȰֳֻġ
𰡣嶯һ°
ǳ￴գҲǺٺһЦ
˵ˣߵҵĻǿɾ͹ֲˣ
ƷɿףҲЦһ
ǣ׼п⣬ôҪãʵ
ƹģҲǴĹӼʶʶʵﰡ
ǳ￴һƷɣҲһĨĻȡ
Ѱī˵磬һѣ
Ҳǣƹ񣬼Ȼ̸ˣȻһֽǮһֽˣǲҲóҵȹĦһ°
ǳƺҲû˵٩׵ȤϾоԼĲѾǲһˣ
ƷӦñ轣ҪһЩ˰ɣ
Ʒɵ׼֮ʣȻ֮һɫ
һԼߴķâϽӳ˵֮У
ݻɫ·ƴƣ˲һֶĤ֮У
࣡
ƷɵĺԸоһķɬҲѪ
˵֮ǰѰī轣ǼƷ֮еƷĻôǰƷƷ
ȫȫѾһ֮ˣ
⡭⡭
Ѱīǳ˾һһ󼦵һ㣬һֱҭס˵ĸо
ԭΪһﲻǴţѣû뵽Ȼóˣ
ҹǴƷƷѾǲˮˣ
ò˵
ǵ۹Ҳǳ֮ߣǿɫļƷ֮ҲҪ轣Ҫã
ʵ۹ѾǷǳĶˣ
Ȼ˵кܶණҪܹ֪ģЩֻҪһԱȣǼܹܵĳ˭˯ˣ
ֹӣʲôˣ
ƷһӾǱ˸һ㣬ԭ׵ĲмѾЩʴˣ
ԼҵĶѣһӻóƷ
Ȼȥ͵ĺܣΪȴѾʮֵĸߵˣ
ԭ׻ĲЩһ飬֮ȴŭԼ
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3481  Ҳ
 

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3482  Ʒɸӵ
 

׼ڣ
Ǳߣܿһ󼥷ЦѾǴ˳
Ѿ˭ôҪȻ׶͸Լ𰡣
ѰīףҲЦ
һԵǳֱԲֹǲҪֱⰡǲʲôҩģ׼оڲƴҲ˰ɣ
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3483  ˭Ҳܲ
 

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3484  ޴
 

ʲʲô
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гĻ֪ԼλѾʲô
żȥıӰгۻһвʡ




3485  
 

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3486  Ʒɵı
 

׼ڣ
׵ʱԵʮֵĽţ
һ˵ȳķ˹ҲЩ֪ˣ
չ߰ɣ
׿գҲ΢΢һЦ
ȥﰡһûлع
Ȼȥס˳㿴㸸׵Ĳ顣ղ׶Ѿǽǲ£ĸӦûκεġ
׿գҲЦǺǵ˵
ʲʲôĭҲǲ˼Ŀ׼򲻿ɡǲǼƷҩģҡܼҾǱȫļҵҲһ
գͲҪˣִȻ㣬Űɣοִ֮ǰԣܼҲΪڲű˵ģִҲֻ˵Եأ
ʮʥŮգҲЦǺǵ˵
һȥɣ׼дôõҲЩˣ
쿴ףҲЦŵ
ţ˵ûȥռһˣȻֱӾͻˡʱǴ˵ҹҲˣ
ķ˿׵ˣҲ
һֵ˵۲Ĳ߰ɣ
ջδӦѾǴʧ׼У
гۺƷɸĿ˿ǵҲһ̾Ϣ
׵ԶȥıӰг۳Ժ󿴵ֵģɵƵ֪ô
׼Ҳǽڲɣοˣǽͽܶѡܹܲ˴һػ˵أ
ƷЩ˵Ȼ׵ǿͬΪ˵ʮֵĲˬ
Ʒɰ㻹̫˰
г۴˿ҲЩӵĸоһʧ䡣
Ʒü״ˣĪΪܹ˴һأ޿ܰ
֮ǰΪпǽڵôгۿƷɳ
⡭ȷû
ƷҲǿЦһҡҡͷȻϲЩ׵ģ
ǸղֱӺɱڡںƮѩǿʱԼ붼룡

˵ףƷɾ׵ʵ̫ǿˣ
ͬ鷢ϣǽĻ»ͼ֮޿˵ļ
г΢΢һ̾ʵһʼΪҲΪܣôʮֵд󡣿ڡ
״ˣ˼п˴ˣҪ֪ǿӵŰλǿߣһһĭ˰ɣ
ƷȻ׵ȷһ˿˿Ŀԣ
ֿԾ͸ԼܹΪ𾳺ڵǿһ
ǴڿԵģʵϼ޿ܡ
гЦһ˵㻹ᰡ
״ˣʵЩ⣡ƷɻʮֵĲ졣
г۵ӵ۹Σ
׼ң˴С֮⣬¾˰ɣСǸŮˣȻܼ̳׼Ҽ֮λӱȻδ׼ҵļ̳˰
ƷҲʲô׼˾֪顣
г۵ĿһƷɵǸղ֮ûпʲô
״ˣ˼ǡ
ƷƺһӷӦ˹гҲЩ
г۵ͷΪ²ⲻĻӸ֮ӦǴĳЭˡ
ô˵ǼҶѡһĽڣȴûѡΪѣ⡭Ҳ̫̫ɶ˰ɣ
ƷɸоһƣͲ˵ǲǸɵˣ
˴˵ѣȻѡ˵жԵ
г΢΢ҡͷ˴˵ĻǸ֮Ĳˣ
Ǵ˽أƷƵʵ
Ǵ˽ڣӵѡҲûдг۵hauntedƷĿѪˣ
ҶûдѲԼһֱôΪǶӣ
㻹Ҫܹʱѡڣ˵˶Ӵ˲ǻۣһѡǲѡѣ֮ô
гȻ֮ǰǿ׵ţòϴӵȷ
ƻʵµķ񣬼ԼҲǸϳģ
ˣҪôܿĳ֮УҪôͻΪΪҫ۵һǣ
״ˣ⡭⡭
ƷҲѾ޻˵ˣܻ˵ʲôأ
ˣֻҪסԺ߽ڵˣһҪͿġǸյģһҪ̸ҹ
гۿԼӻǱ߰һҲŭһ
Ʒ֮ƣҲֻԼ֪ˣ
ֻǴ˿̵лʮֵΪŵĸˣǿһһͷ




3487  ŵŮ
 

ϣ
һǵСȻЩǣҲǷۼ֮أ
ȥʮֵ֣
ǣ
׿ǰľɵԼոĵط
ɽߵЩƣԼڵĵط֮ﻹЩ磡
ϽڵŷС
տףҲ
Ͻڣ׶ڽڵĹ첢˽⣬ҲЩ졣
һ㶣漴ϽڽڹϽǽڵλˣֻϽڹ齵˴ˡ
齵ˣüͷһ壬Ҳû̫
ľܣ
بŲĵݣЩײ֮ûа취Ҳֻˣ
ֻҪֶĵ׵ǾⲻʧΪһѡ
쿴ףҲǲʵ
ðɣֻҪǲΪĻڵǿ⣡Цһ
ȻҲ˴Ĵָ
׶˵Цˡװڰ֣Ȼʵ֮ǰ㲻˵ڽڵķвҵôôᵽϽڵķˣ
ڵķѾûеطˣûа취ֻĵطˡʵԭһҴ뿪ڵģֻҪһŨ̫֮ˡҸ״˵ĲȴҲ벻
ЩƵ˵ƺһ⣡
Ĳʮֵذü
һĻ޾ȻĿԡ
ȥɡ
׵ҲǳϽڵŷȥһ·ϵ˺ܶΪ֮Ŀ
ϾһʲȥҲʲôѰ֮ˣ
ܼڵأʵϵǵϽŷеıԵˡ
佨ʮֵ⣬ҲԼʱɡ
λЦˣطԼҵģΪϽڷеҲˣֻܶƫԶĵطҲǲġ
ǸȻһЦƺҲϰˡ
֮ղŵĵط˲٣ҲһЩġ׵ͷ
¡
ЦָԶ׵˽ܵʱһݵ뵽˵ĸǰ
մ˿ĿɿڴĿԼļһ˲ʧԼĸǰģ
ĳԼļ˹ȥ
㡭
ոոյǱߣһѾǴһ˿֮ɫ뵽ĶУ
Сܣ⵽ô£
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һ˿ǻ㣬Ͻڵˣ
أ
յɫʮֵѿȻѾ֪ʲô
״˺ĸ״˱ץˣ˵˵ҪýӦǵҪ󣬷Ļ
յĵܴܵʱѾʮֵļ˵һ˿Ĳ
ϲĵȷǱץˣգʱҲӦû˰
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תͷȥһŭݵĿŶ֮˵ǣ겻ɢ
˳յķȥ
վһһŮһһŮ󣬻վʮˣ
ͳһϽڷΣȻɫвͬȴϽڣ
л꣬Ѿٰˣ㻹Ҫʲô
տŶǸЩ欵ŮӣҲ
Ǹл֮ҲǿһЦգô˵˼ҺİӲҲͲ£ֻҪͷǿʯڵ׬Ŷ
ޣл꣬Ҫ֮£
տǸлŮˣɫһ죬Ҳһڵ
գôһŮԺ϶ǿڽڷΪͷƵģʱ򲻵ԼɻڴܼһܹٶҲ˵أ
лЦһֻ֮еĶѾǳ
ʵϣ
лŮӸԭͬһطģ֮ǰҲǾϵ
ֻл꼵ʵ̫ǿˣһֱΪԼжд̡
Դл꿿Ͻڸ֮ӺһֱҪأ
Ϊ֮ǰһֱѹþŮˣ̫ˣ
ԣһӴļƲߣ
Ǳȥ¥¥һЩײ֮Ϊܹڶʱ׬ȡʯҲѡһ·
ղδԼϣлȴֲҪԼаļƻ
ˣ
ӴһƣǲӦǵһľĸĸˣ
ҵأǵҪʲôҸ㣬Ҫڵģ
ҲЩˣĵˣ
ֻл걳Ͻڣô
һڽڷлӵСŮˣţţȥأ
ڣл곤ô󻹲֪ôдأлԭ欵Цʧȡ֮һĿ
һдְ
ڴʱյҲһдԵҲһ㡭




3488  ʨӴ󿪿
 

ϽŷеıԵ
лĿʮֵĲˬһ׼սģ
ΪһҪȥǺӽں̫ڣϾ֮󣬽ڵλҪھˡ
ֻû뵽߾ȻҲ۶ӣ
л꿴ļˣԭҲǸоЩ֡
ΪոԵЩ룡
ȷЩ˸ʲôϵҲѡԵĺӡ
ֻ·߿ֵĻʵҲǷǳġ
Ͼ⻹ϽڵţȻķвڵʮ֮һ
ֻҪǷУǶһЩǸˡ
ֻڵл꿴ͻȻ廰֮ˣҲЦһһʵȷд֣ǺˣҸ֮飬ƺֲܰɣ
ǵѣǵ飡
׿һл꣬Ҳǵ˵
ȻԵһ˱Եġ
л꿴˿գļ֮һεڵˡ
ƺЩǸлһεĲƽ
ԭΪҵϽڸĶӣѾա
û뵽ԼڰŮ·ƵʱıȻð˸ˡ
ôյĸĸץߵģôͻǿɾͲҪҲˣ
׿Ŷл꣬ҪΪǸŮ˵ĻҲôķϻˣ
۸ңҲܹܡ
лʱѾû˸ղǽᣬתʼԼԵǸ
λֵܣϽ߰£ɷһӣ
лķн־ϽڸΰĶӡ
⽯־һʮֵСģǿ׵Ż֮ˣ
ܲ£
⵽ʱ޷ճԼŴ鷳
ΪһС±ڵ缸ÿ춼ݣҲϽһɣ
ϽڻЩģ֮ǰڽڵıӻ֮£˴˵ıӻҲû˭ĸҸ
׿һ۽־ɫ˵һ飬ˣȻ
λֵܣûбҪΪһŮ˸Ͻڹȥɣ
־ףѾֳһĨŭݡ
ϾԼŮί֮˲ϸӣ¾Ͳðˣ
ڣϽڣҪȻĻЩˣ
־˷ͻΪЩͷܴ
Թźնˮ
ΪŮ˵Ľ־Ѿǲòˣ
Ͻƺڽ֮µİɣһΪ֮ģȱΪѾ㹻ɶ˸ĸŹǾͲǿɶˡ
׵֮дһ˿ĵȻȴһֲͬѰζ
֪׵ˣӦ֪˿̵Ѿˡ
ڣϽѾڴˣѾջƻˡ
־׵Ļƺһȷ˴˲ߵˡ
Ļô֪ܲϽڵأ
ǷʲôǷôʯҪǲǮĻǾ͵ǵġ⻹ǮƺҲ쵽˰ɣ
лԼ˸ǱߺҲƵĺܡ
ԣһѵ
Ƿʯˣ׿˿һԵյʵ
ݸһЦǼʯѣĳܹﻹ˱ǣԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬǾͲҪͽ¶ˣ

׵ͷҲǵ
лһ׸ѾˣĵһӦЩ˺ˣ
Ǯԣ
־û뵽˾Ȼ˵ҪǮˣȻǮˣǻûҲˣ
л־һۣƺЩᣡ
ߣҲҶΪ˵ϸ
лЩģΪ챾һж˳ġ
ڿվȻһε׼Ȼǲˬˣ
ƵǣɵȱȻ椻Ǯ
ǲ뻹ǮǳѪˣ
л꿩һЦѽѽλ˵֪ĻǶѾˣ
٣
쿴Ŷлֻ꣬
ʯ˵Ǽֱ͸һûҪʯͷ࣡
ʵҲǺܶҲһǧƷʯѣ
лʨӴ󿪿ڣ֮ǰսǵʯܹҲһƷʯ
˿̣
ռĶ޳ˣ׵ɫܲ
쿴лҲһǧƷʯôô
ԭûеģģҲôˡǼλôʯòĻͲôý˰
лֺĿ죬óһǧƷʯĻǽ쵹׬ˡ
ֻ̫Ϊˡ




3489  ˵л
 

ϽŷУ
Ȼ֮Цл򸾺һˣҲǰȻúúãõúܡǧƷʯʲô
ӣ𡭡˵յȷǽһƷʯǲûô࣡
ҲЩˣѾ֮ٻҪְ
һƷʯлȻһھһǧƷʯĪ˰ɣ
׶ӵԩͷˣ
Ȼ֪һǧƷʯ˵ʲô
ټ׼УһǧƷʯó͸һ
ɾˣΪʲôҪлЩ˲¹ͷأ
߲Լѡ񣡡
лĿŶ죬ĻܵΪҪ׬ˣ
õһǧƷʯĻлԼʵǻһʵͻƣ
磬ʯǾʹžԵԴ
һǧƷʯ㹻лӻһأ
ʯȻУǸġŭһĿһڲ֮ˣ
֮䣡
ԭվлԵĽ־û׵׷ʲô飬ѾǱ˳ȥ
ǰ˸Ҫ׼
˵һ
һӴʶֱӴǵѹ˹ǹƥеϢǸоԼ궼Ҫѹĳˣ
ͨ
һȺǿѹ֮£Ҳֱӹ
лвʵĹ˵ϣʮֵĻңǾǿĿ㡭ǸϽڶǣбǵߵš
ҪΪǸŮӣĳȻ
ǿлЩɪɪ
Цһ׶ӵϧĺܣЫ֮ŮҲ๼
أ
̸Ц֮䣬лԼĴָ֮ͳһ
Ƕһֱը˿Уʰ쵣
źŵ
ϽƵźŵ˵źŵܶŶеġ
ֻڸǰ㼴ҪȥҲ޼µġ
׺첢δֹԭҲǶԼʵʮֵţ
Ǿ͵ɣ
л˿̿ȥЩ׺˾ǿһ㣡
־ʵȷһ㣬л꣬ҲǸϽڲǺܳʱ䣡
ǰɢ޶ѣҪΪ־ĻʵҪϽڿ¶ܡ
ȻʲôŮˣķ˿л꣬Ҳü
˷ˣҿɣǻȻȥ
쿴˿ԼŮˣȻֿ˿ѯʵ
׹ֵ֣ڣ
ڣ
Ҳͬ׹֣һЦԼŮ˳ķˣ
쿴Ϊνô鶼첻õĻǻ治Ҫʲô𵽴ˣ
ο
˿Ҳ˵˷ʲôͻ
Ȼʲôû뿪˶򣬵׼Ӵ鱨ȻҲὫһиġ
ҲΪʲô첢Ҫֱߵĸԭ
ͻȻȥл֮бһеĹâ
Ȼʮֵżûʲô취
һȻʮֵĿϧˣ
лҲ֪ܵ˺ֻܲҪץסǰˣ˶Ȼǲܵõġ
ϣľԼܹϿĹ
뿪Ҳǻĳлķ˹յĸĸأ
ߣˣ
л꿴ףҲǺ˵
һ飬ĸĸʲôطҿɲղᣬĳϵŮأҲˣ
ĿһһɱлЩεѣ
лĭȻ㡭òҪңҪǶҵĻĸĸòܻˣ
𣿣
ЦֻЦݿȥЩëȻ
㡭ʲôлЩµĿףΪǰ֮˵ıԡ
֮֮ղŹﲻ˵Ҫȥ¥𣿲֪ĳǹĻ˵ôأ
һ˿аЦݣҲǺٺһЦ
㡭ң
лŵһ£˵ĻԺ˵Ͻˣ򶼻첻ȥˣ
㻹ǲ̫˽ң
׿л꣬һεĹһ˿аЦ

л껹δӦѾǱ׸˺˿
Ȼδ¶ʲô̫¶ĵطǽһȴлĸĸڲԶǸ֮С
ͶЦһ
ಣ
ʱӰѾǳ򼲳۶
л꿴ˣҲǼ
椻ǻ㣬·ѾһԼӵأŵл깧ӭ˷ݣ
̧ͷȴһ˿Ц⣬Ϊ֮пһˣ
ǱǺӽڵһλ
λ˿̿ףҲһĿɿڴ·𿴵ʲô˼һ㡭




3490  ︱
 

ʵϣ
ϽͶ˴֮󣬾ͱǺӽ֮£
ȻǺӽѾͶףյĶȻղ󣡣
ûʽʹ˾֮ǰҲǲЩŵĶ
˵ҲԼʯ
˴Σ
ΪǺӽѾҪˣԭֻ֮˳飬һҲǻ˸ˣ
λǰϽȡɹĸǺӽԶǫ̃
̨Ȼ֪׵ʵģټڸһֹϵ̨Ҳһ֮У
һʱ䣡
̨Щ֪Ŀף
лꣿôʲô飿
ϽӲ֣ղǺӽǱǢ̸ˣ
ȴû뵽Ȼŵӷźŵ
Ҫ֪źŵҲ˶ӵеģ
ŵӣǼӦҲǲһġ
־ϽڸΰĶӣӵźŵȻҲ֮еˣ
ˣҪл꣬ء
лǱ츳֮ˣ̬Ǳǵλģ
ȻϽŵӣֱ
ӲֿףҲĨһ˿⣡
ˣҼҷҲǱһˣδ
лһͼӴ׵˵Ȼ־˲ᣬδǺϹ˵ģ
ʱлô˵ֻӻӲֵŭ𣡣
úúãСӣڽ쵹Ҫжͣ
Ӳɫһ䣬úúã˸оһֱĵ׵⣡
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ŻӲ־Ҫ̨֣Ҳǳ
ӲֲһģԼеķɽȻ︱ǻĳҪǰ֣ʵǡ
̨ʵԭҪ״кģҲ֪׵벻뱩¶֮Ĺϵ
ԣ̨ڻӲֵֶһҲֹһ
˵ӲֵҲʲôˣ
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Ȧˣ
лȻ֪λ︱ͷǿǴ֮³֮һǺӽڵĸ
ԭ̨ĵϲģ
ûлݽ︱ѾǸˣ
лȦˣͬȦ֮˻лӲ֣
Ӳֿ̨ҲЩ︱˼ǡ
ҿλһѲɻΪԼĵӱ۸ˣҪԩˣ
̨˵ԴǣֻǻӲ־͸
ԼŵӣѲҪһѵԼô
̨ǲⰡ
ɾˣӲȴҲҲӭϣæǣ︱Ŀ棬ûĳԲλడ
ǫ飬ĳȻϽڣҲ͵һйٰɣ
̨⿴ľٶ˸оһķ˼
ǻӲ̨֣ǲ̳ܲİ
ԭϽԼ飬ѾҪһʲô˼
ѲϽʲôطλ︱ĵط
Ӳִ˿ʮֵƣǵ֮ã֮ð
㣬һеô£ʵ
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ΡΡĸ˵̨ʮֵΣ
ߣˣ˭ܸһеô£ֻҪʵ̨һ׵
գȻ︱Ҫʵ˵ˣ
׿һԵգҲ΢΢һЦ
︱˵в廰ķôӲֿǱָֻţҲŭһ
ײмһЦѾվ̨ĸǰ
ױĿɽĸԭټԼĸĸδҪĽ顣
Ǻ
վͲһģһֱӽе鶼˵˳
֮ǰܵлвȵȣлɫһӱò԰
ߣõúܣϽڵǺõúܣΪ潣ȻȥһƷʯ͸˼ҪһǧƷʯδţδŰ
̨յĻҲǲסҡͷһԵĻӲҲŵɫЩҰף
Ȼף̨һϵûУΪʲôô
ǿ̨ˣҲװʲô֪ɣ
֪︱δãڳЫŮ˵ȷŲң︱ʾӲ̵
Ǻӽǿǵﲻ𰡣
̨һȻ׵ԩͷծλӺ͹ﶨɡ
˵̨֮Ҳǳʹһɫ
Ͻ˻Ϊ̨ǱĶϰš
л˿׵Ҳһ̱˵ϣ·ȴ˵С




3491  ֱ׵̨
 

Ͻ⣡
̨ڻ֮£׵ҲǲѴ֮Ͻڵ˳׵ˣ
ֻϽڵʵЩ̫
ǸлģȻҲûʲô³׵Ͻ֮˷Ĺ
ҲǺ˺
ΪǸŮˣ׵Ҳûɱġ
Ͻڵ˺޵ҲģǻӲֵˣǾΪ̨ߵĻ
ǰַлСӿ϶֮صġ
ԣ
ڸоʮֵıȴ޿κΣ
ǲ֪ǣΪ̨ĻϽڿ¾ҪѪɺˣ
ԺӲֵ֪׵ݵʱǿҪҽˣ
һߣ
̨δϽڵһε뿪
ȴѾǸһѰһµסǱǽڵ֮ڣ
ֻҪҲֻн뽣ڡ
ǽڲգҲһǰ׼ס
һøˣ
һ뿪̨Ҳǹֹӣô⣿
︱ղŵлˡ˷ǰҲΪԵɺϣǻǱ߱˵ɣ
׿̨Ҳ΢΢һЦ
һԵʮʥŮһװ磬ȥҲǸʥŮ
οɴ˭ҲƲݵģ
ҲֻŲô鷳
ڼȻףҲȥ̫鷳
ֹʵ̫ˣ֪ӽ֮пɻ˳
̨ȻҲ֪ȥ񵽵Ҫʲôģ
һȥʮʱ䣬̨ȴûκεϢ
˵Ӧ޹ˣ
ʵ̨Ҳʮֵģʲôʵ
һܹ֮Ż̨Ѿ൱Ĳˡ
Цŵ֮ջķᣬҲĳЩġ
ջķ᣿ĳҪϲ˰
̨ΪҪӻϾǱʲô󶯾ĻǶȻǺ䶯ġ
Ǻӽڻţƺ֪ڵ׷ʲô
뽣ڷǳϽڣҲûнκεϢ
̨Ϲά֮ҲЩˣ
һҲ̫Ҫ˰ɣջķ᣿
Ȼ˽֪δҪôĸлѺ񽣷壬ǼûκεĿԡ
ҲΪʲǫ̂״ţһԭ򣡣
︱ҲĳĳļƻҪǰˡ
׿̨Ҳǵ˵
̨һ㶣ЩüʵֹӵļƻҪǰˣļƻǡ
̨ʵҲ֪Ǻӽں̫ڵҪʲô
ȶԿ˵飬ǳսΪ
֮ڵʲôƻ̨ǲ֪ʲôƻ
˴飬붼ġ
︱Ӧ֪ĳҪ˵ļƻɣ
׿̨ҲЦһ
⵹̨һ֪ʵĸоˡ
˿̣
̨ɫֱ䣬Ҳפ㿴ףȻ׵⼸仰ˣ
︱ôˣ
̨ЩֵҲЦʵ
ûûʲôǡɶֹ㲻ĳЦɣ
̨һʵ벻ͨλΪʮֿˣΪʲôϲôﲻأ
︱ΪĳڿЦô
׿̨Ҳһʵ
̨ԭ˵ĺ񣬵ǿ׵ӣҲ΢΢һ̾˵ʵֹӦҲ֪˰ɣǵʵ
İɣĳѾִ£֮һټˣ
׿̨Ҳһεˡ
̨׵ɵˣһ̣оǰ֮Ƿˣ
ֹӣ˵İɣ£ĪֹѾĳ
̨ۿȥûΨһĿԾˣ
ʮʱ䣬ƺҲûзʲô춯ص鰡
ο
̨оƵǣΪӴҲǴˣ
Ѳô
Ҳ̫ܰ
̨Ǳţֻǵ΢΢ҡͷʱһҲǳ˹ȵף
ʱûУ
׿̨̨һ
̨˼ĭ֮ҲЩ㱵ĵͷȡȻ˵ĻǡǻȻǺӽɣ
ĳд⣬ǺӽڴӳɣǺӽں̫ڣĳİյȷǻһЩģ
˵꣬ʮʥŮ㳯Ǻӽڵķˣ
̨оˣ




3492  Ǻӽڵ鷳
 

һ±ƣ
̨˿̾˵ģ֪ԼЩʲô
һ·ϣ
̨ҲĬɫʮֵأ
Դ֪ȷ뷨֮оԼҲԶˣ
Ȼ֮ǰ׵ȷǸԼٵľϲ
һΣ
⾪ϲǱ˾ˣ˵֮ǰǺӽڣ׻ǴɱķĻ
Ϊǣ֮һƽѡ
ɴǿŵϣ˵ģ˵ǰʮλżԺκһˣ
ο
Ǻӽټ̫ڵʵǶԸһǶʮֵĳģ
֮ǰڸһԼĶǺӽڣ鶫Ȼ˲鿴
ҲʲôûвǺӽ֮Ҳؿƿ
ΪǶ֪һڵ֪ĻǶǺӽڶһԵĴ
չȥûж೤ʱ䣬̨Ҳһ
ȴҪӭһµս˵ս̨һȥһ΢΢δˣ
Ǻӽڣ
ԶŮԼڵĻԪ˶ڴ֮ϣ
Զ·Ǽλİף
⼸˴ŲͬӦԼ֮ˣ
˿̣
Զɫÿ·ļҲҪ˵ٱ飿λŵĻǾó֤
ԣǴһЩ˵Ŀе֪ǺӽڣܵøһͰɣҶô꣬ҲôúŪģ
˵֮ŶڷΣȥʮֵǿƣ
ϣ
ڶλеһʵҲѾǴﵽڡ
һͻȻʧ٣ҥ𣡣
Ҳŭһλô׵ʧˣȻҪһģ
ΪڵĵһɶڻԽ죡
ʵϣ
ϼѾǿԿ϶Ǻӽèˣһֱû֤ݣ
һʱ䣡
ϱҲѵ˺üΣľȻҲرĺá
һΣǴһεǺӽڵġ
Ѿ˼û֤ݣҲǺӽڽ飡
Ļôܹڶأ
ø棬֮˭¶Ϊһ۲۵Цˣ
Զ˿Ҳһֱ֮ͬ
ţھ׼һ㣬ϣ
Ȼˣ
ҲΪ⼸ˣԶԼÿԿƲŷǽģĻ޿˽У
ԶЦһǻ˵Ц鱾Ѿʵʱ֮󣬱뿪ˡ
𣿡
ϿԶҲЦһ
ȻˣһٶǺӽڵ鷳Ǽ˼ĪǶڿǺӽڲ˳ۣ֮ˣ
ԶãҲŭϣ
Ϊһ֮ԶǷǳġ
Щ˰Ǻӽʧ֮㿪˻ڴںʲôô
ϵ֮дһ˿䣬ȥʮֵĺˡ
һԵļҲ΢΢ͷȻǾ˵е
̸⣬Ǻӽά޻ڽѣ⻤ڽ֮ƺЩ̫ʹڲֲܰɣ
ԶҲŭˣ֮ǰҲѾֱˣ
ߣһֱ벻׵һǣΪʲôŴõǰ̲ҪȻ޴֮£Ϊľһ֤ݶû𣿡
ϺȻ֮俪ʼѣԶҲһ㶣
ϵ沿ԶһӦòǴţġ
ʲô֤أ
һԵ֮ҲЩǣϾ¹ҪһֱûϢ
ԼĴʦֻԪߣʵһʱը
˵һͱ˷ˣ
ϵȻԪ壬ôȥˣĻԪòҲǸı˲٣
ҪϳҲ쳣ѵ飬֮ǰôζûϳѲһλϳ
Զּһʱ䶼뵽˻Ԫ⣡
Ͼ
ϣΨһصıԪˣ
֮ǰôΣԶ뽫Ԫ־ûбҪ
˵һһεҲûзʲô
ϿԶҲǿЦ˼ԭĳȷûκε֤ݣ
ʲôԶм˵
ĳղһССĲԣҪ¡ţ
϶һŭʱ򼸵ӰһǺӽڷε˽
ôĵӣϣȻ˶ŵӶ֣
ԶŭɶĿϣ
Цһߣǳ֮ʱзǳ֮£ҵץסŵĵӣô֪ǾȻıնɱһ帱Ķӣô֪ǰӽڴӻԪʵ
һʱ䣡
ǺӽڵĴড




3493  ϵĵ
 

Ǻӽڣ
ԪԭҲΪԼصķǳĺãû뵽ʱѾǷ
ǺӽڵĵӣҲǿЦ˼㻹ʲô˵
ϣҪݺˣǺӽڵĵӣҲбԩ֮ɣο˭֤ǽڵĴӣ
ԶһЦɫѾЩȻˣ
˭
ϳЦһȻԶνĵֿ
Ǳڵͽܣôˣ
Զһ䣬ʵǲͽܲҪ
ҪǣԪ֮ˣ޿ܰѴ˸ǰ̨
ԶǽͷݵĻֺ߲ˣ
ڵѾûκε·ˣ
Ϊ»عˣҲ޿ʲô·
һΣǻѡ
ǱΣǱСоˡ
ͽܱ֪ĺ֮ǰһֱδǺӽڣһֱЩ֡û뵽㾹ȻѾͽ֮˰ͨҲѹ֣ŮҲǽ֮һô
ŭһѾ϶ˣ
ղŴӻԪı飬ҲѾȷ˴˵ݣ
Ψʦһ·ߣĻȥҲûа취Ƕڵ
Ůȷǽ֮һǵ걾ҲΪ˴˵δŽŮ뽣ڵնΪôΪʲô˵£ÿЦô
ԶŭϣѾʱֵ׼
Բˣʮֵ
ϼȻǺӽץ϶ҲѾʮ׼
ʱԶѾһ˳׵ķǺӽڣ
ãȻô˵ĳҲ޻˵ֻҪӦĳһ飬֮Ǿʹ˽ҹ
һתһε¶һ˿Цݵ
˵
Զ֪һûбʲôƨҲ˵
ϹһֵǻԪ壬Ѿ֪ǺӽڶҴһֱй׵ģҲΪһڵȥֻҪ˸ĳȥΣ
ߣǻƭڰȻѾˣǱҲͳ촰˵ĳǶȻܸߵġһеĻǿ¡
ԶҲ¶Լ֪˵ȥѾûκεˣ
ɫһԶǾƲԳԷˣ
Σ
ԶЦ˼֮Ѿǳɱ֮
ߣȻΪûкôҸԶͻͼıһҲǸ׼һЩˣ
ϿԶɫʮֵĵȻ
öԶҲЩɲѲһﻹʲôֲɣ
ղŽ֮ʱصؼһЩˣӦûʲôⰡ
ԶϲզԼ
һԵҲǳ״ˣˣǾͲҪڷϻˣ
ԪҲ˵ҽڣŻҵǼȻѾǺӽڣǾ׽ˡ
ԶĳȰһΣͷǰ
ϿһۻԪ壬ȻһεĳԶķ˹
ϣ㻹Ϊûа취ôڸ㣬ǺӽڣﱾѾǲ޵ˣ
Զ䣬ֻһЩ
Ϊʵ̫侲ˣ侲ѾЩÿˣ
ĳˣֻ֪ϧЩϧĿԶҲ΢΢һ̾
װŪ
ԶҲǺǳֻʼվʲôԵĵط
λɣ
Զܵʱ򣬺Ȼ֮䣬ӰѾǳߣ
ЩˣԭֻվʮλŶŵӷ֮ˣ
Զֻǿһ֮Ҳûκε⡣
ΪȲΣŴһЩΪųĻҲ֮е顣
ЩӲʾڵˮ׼ԶѹҲûоʲô
ֻڿ˺Ȼ֮˺֮ǰαװ
ԶҲɫʮֵѿ
ԭЩϢıƭԼЩ˾ȻǴӸųǿߣ
ֲ֮ǰôţ˵ĵư
ڣôôλǺӽڹὣͼ߸Ҵˣ˻֮ǺӽڴԼ̣Чȣ
ǱɨܣһǺӽڶΪ֮
ɱ֮ɢǺӽڵϿգ
һ̣
Զڵˣһľ֮С
Զ˿ӶˣΪԼĴſ¶ҪΪ֮ˣ
ֻԶ˲δǣ˿мӰѾûǺӽ֮С




3494  ڵһ
 

Ǻӽţ
ȻվŽʮλǿߣһɺȻɱϢһĵ
˵֮ǰǺӽԶ֮նɱϵ˵Ļ
ôѾǳ׵ʧȥϣ
Ϊʲô
ΪǺӽڼϻԪĻҲʮλ𾳵ǿߣ
ԭԶǷǳĺõģԼһ˶Ըϴ´࣡
ʣ֮ȫλ𾳵ǿҲͺˣ
ֻ˲תһӶôǿߣǽʵת
˿̣
ɽŶϵ˵ѾǺˣΪǸܣҪɱ
̨׽Ǻӽڵʱ׼ڴ
˳ȥʱ򣬿ϵΧš
̨ҲǿףʵЩʱλֹӵľȷġ
֮ǰһΪ˿϶ǽһǺӽڵʹ˽Թˣ
û뵽ǣԼȥһµʱ䣬˵ȴһεľ
ƺһҲû֮ǰģѾ׼ˣ
ֹӡ
ֵ۾ǳļǵһ׺̨ˣ
׵ʱϵҲüź濴˹ȥ
ߣ̨ĳ֮ǰѰ˼ܵʲôطȥˣû뵽ϵûǼʱ
֮еɱѾ¶ɣƺѾˣ
̨һЦϣ֮λ޴ǣ㶫һǰԵˣȻ˵ĻǺӽΨսȻܺһ
ãй
Ͽ̨ҲǿЦ˼
˵һ̨һ̨岻Ǻܴ
Ȼô˵Ѿ˳׼ˡ
ǺӽڵʲôʵԼѲɲô
˳ֵ׼ôʱ˵أ
ֹӣˡ
Զղһ˲ֱЩˣΪһʱ⣬ô˵лɳã
ʵϣ
ǾЩԲסˣ
Ϊһֱڴ󣬶Ϊ˲ڼƽϴ£Ƿ˾衣
û뵽ǣȻǱˣ
˿̣
Զ׵ܵһȻ׵ʵҲս֣
пģǶʮֵģ
Ѿһ㣡
˼ȻҪöأնݲǴ紵
׿ԶҲЦһ
ֹԼǣԶڣֹ֪ӿжԲߣ
ɱ˺Բߣ
װķʵ˿վ߷ֻһ㡣
ǵȺԵԶе
ɡбԶƲѡ
׹һЦбΣԭǻй˳Ļᣬֻǽǿɾ͹ֲñˣ
Ӳ㾿ˣ
ϱЩ˵ҲǲмĿס
ֻЩֵǣԶΪʲôԴ˵أ
׵˵ǺˣȻ֪Ҳ޷ĳν
ʲʲôϾ㵵Ŀף漴Ц˼ûëɣνǽѾձɽˣ
νˣԶҲһʵ
ЦһȽİɣ
ӭˣ
ֺͻԪ弸ͬʱҾǴӹ淢֮⣡
׵Ҳǲǫض񡣡
װģ϶һһȵ
£
ȥЩʵȷҲˣ
Ȼ𾳳ڣѾǴﵽ𾳳۷壬԰ʱ
Ƕһǿ֮һҲϼΪõĶڽӰˣ
˷ϿҲһ
Ҳͽ˶˳񿴵һļһվǱԳǽ
ȻҲõʲôطȥΪһڼΪеţ
񿴵һԼСȴԼװվߣԲ̵ܹ顣
Ҷڵĵһţƺ㻹ҪţͲҪһô
Ͽһ˶ʮصˣ
ϷУʵԼúġ
ţѱĲ
ţȴҲϲһģ
ϵĻЦһŵ˿ӣ
ˣ£
״˿һ򵱹أԶҲǻ˵
Ϊ֪׵ʵǻĲôԾأ
˿Ҳһ̤֮˸˷ܵĹâ
ŵײ




3495  ǿն
 

˼ʲôʱôˣ
ŶףҲԭġ
Ϊ˿̵׿ȥһꡣ
Ͽ˵Ĵ⣬ҲǳǧҪСģ˹ʵһ㣬ɾԲô򵥵ģԶôܡ
̫СľûбҪˡ
˵ǣҲ΢΢ͷ
ֻôоôԾ
ԶǺӽڸڹһʵ֮ǰˡ
ǺӽϽڵˣϿֻ֮еѡ
ôҲû뵽ǣǺӽھȻʲôڵ
һӱȤ
ץסνĽĻôǰǱһε̧ͷˡ
Ǻӽڹ㳡֮ϣ
һգԶʮλ𾳵ǿߣƱ۷
˵Ӱ
ڵͷЩ֮ҲЩ
λĽҲǲò߾衣
ȻҲ֪λڵ׺Ҳ
Զ̬ȣѾ˵һУ
Ůǵ꽣֮һΰνӦˣ
һ
˶֪ץס˴˵ĻǾǴһ
Ǹ֪νĴһַ£

ɳȥǰվˣ˵ƽʱӦҲǵ˲ˡ
϶ҲʮֵĲˬȻԴʮֵء
ɰȴðգ
ֻһСආĻҲ⣡
ǴһǳݣǱǽڵ
һݣˣ
ϸղŵô˵ʵҲΪʱһʲôĻһ͵Ļᡣ
ֻϧǣϲ֪ôˣһˣ
СӣƾҲԳƽεºܣԹԹ䣬һʱ˻һ
ףҲһ˿
΢΢ҡͷƾҲ˵ĻѲôȻͷ֮ˣǱߺͱһսΣ
ֱӣ
ǳ޴վˣ
û뵽ǣöһţȻᱻһӣ
ǼһҪս
ֱǶԼӣڵһ»ˡ
ȹ˱һ˵ɣ
Ҳŭһʧԭأ

һ˵Ķ𣬽֮Ľ·λһ㣡
ǶڵŰֶιȻ
ǰ𾳳֮£Ӧ޵˰
ǽڵСӾȻԳԼΪǲ֪ôģ
ˣʹһϾҲûСˣ
֮⣬֮˶ʮֵΡ
Ϊʲô
Ϊⶫڵһŵͷǰ׽еģһֱԼǿɱУҲ¶һ˿Ц⣡
һȡʤĻôǴɱķʱˣ
Сģ
˿׾Ȼ˿δԶҲǳ׵ˣ
׵Щʲôأʱ򣬾Ȼһģ
ã
ֺͻԪ忴׾Ȼ֮ɫҲŵһ£
ֻǾڴ˿̣
ûκεĶȻӭǵǿĽϣ
СĪǷ˰ɣ
֪˭Ⱥ֮кһ䣬ܶҲ¶һ˿ɫ
ֻǾǰҪЦʱǵı˲ͱˣ
䣡
ֱӽǺӽڸķһ̣ԭɢߵĽ·һ˲䱬ѿ
ǵѵĻڿն𣡣
׻һ⣬ֱӳķɱȥ
⡭ⲻܣ
Ŀ͵Ŀ׵۹Լ֮ԽԽϳֳһĨ֮ɫ
ڵѹ
ʵ̫ϤˣôҲû뵽һﾹȻѾǴﵽ𾳳ˣ
ţ
Լ֮ΪŵĻһǱ֮ԼҪӵǿٱ
ͻʵ˼ҶʤԼ
һ̣
·ܵ˶صıһ㣬оԼ˲ʲô֮ˣ
ǵֱԼ֮д׵ıԼ۾
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û˿ˮ
ǿƵķʽ˵ĸǰ
һԵ˼ĿɿڴĿףԼҲ֪ʲôʱôǿˣ
࣡
ϵʶĳźǵ֮жһĨ֮ɫ
ͻıʣ¿ʼλڵ
˲ҲˣңԶŴƣ
һһ䣬ÿһ仰·ֱһ㣡
Զ׵Ļһǵһӱˣ
磡
һɱѾǲɱˡ




3496  
 


Զһ񼤵նɱǵҲˣ
ղŵľȣһεȼϣ
ֻǲ֪׵ģ
ɱ
һȣѾǳ뵽Ⱥ֮У
֮У
Щ˵˻δӦͿͷ֮Ѿܲһ㣡
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ž
Ѱ׵ټ֮ʱԭǺڰ֮ʼ˺ѣ
һɻ󣬻֪׷ʲô飿
һֺĽѾֱӳȺ˹ȥ
˪
ǱϢΧ֮˿־֮УҲǻæԼеʼֵ
һ
׵ڴ˿˶㣬ƺղһսδκεӰ졣
Ľһֱ̣𵴳һۿɼϵĳɢ
䣡
֮ϣЩ˵Ŀ־ѾǴĵ׻֮ȥ
ȵҪֿһʱȴƺЩ̫ˣ
⡭Ҫһ˶սô𣿡
ԶںʿˮѾǽ״̬ףҲһƬ
һԵĻԪҲǼ˵⡭ǽһû뵽ȻѾʩչ˵ˣ˿Ҫùˣ
䣡
ԭվŵǰǿߣѾֱӱ忪
ۣ
վǰֱӱ׵ĽƵһӾһ㣡
ЩˣȻǰ˵ĵֵ˺ܴһֵ
һأȴҲŲ̶ͬȵˣ
вˣ
սһȺۣǶϣҲѾǴҴˣ
ԭŻΪǼ֮νĽһѾǹâɣ
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λ𾳵ǿ߳׵ʧȥս
ԶƴҲǷŭɱ
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ҲǼΪĺһһǿߵѪ֮У
Ͻķ֣Լһǳûп
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ԭҵĳ滺Ĺƽ˿ǺӽھȻǿս£һ
ڿ棬Ҳʣһˣ
ԶҲеһʱεأ˵ˬ
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Զһ·߸ͽΪǿߵ;УǴûһķ
ʮλǿߣնɱֻʣһλ
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ϣԭҲн죡ҪǺӽôû뵽ǺӽջΪ֮ذɣ
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Զ׺
ĻǸʱǺӽڿ¾ˣ
Ŀ׵Ĵ´һԻ͵ĻԺǺӽڳɾͱ֮ڻҪ߳ܶࡣ
Ϊһֺ֮Ǻӽյٹأ
ϵɫʮֵѿ֪ȥˣ
ֻĿǲˣ
ΪһʦǿߣҲԼĽߣǱΪǾܶ𣿹Ǳȱѡһ֮ڣǵȲҵȻȥǱǺӽ֮ʱ
ϿԶҲǷŭĺ
ˣһ֮޴ˣ
׿ϣҲǷһ˿Ц
˵㻹ǿûˣΪ˭ʵǽڴˣҲ˵ĻҴӵǿߣǿԱģ
Цһǰ֮ʵ̫
Ǻ°Ͽ˿϶ĺܿģ
һǣĳΣһת
ˣίȫĿܣ
״ϵѾ֪˱׼
ˣͣ
Ȼͣǿϧˣ
˵ģߣĳ°ܽѣֺαؼĳȶ֣ĳһüͷǱĳû֣
϶ԼʲôӢˣԶҲŭˡ
װڰֵǲҶˡ
˭˵𲻸ңĳҪʹʲô۶ӳ
ϿףŭĿԲ˴ڿ֮С




3497  ע
 

˿̣
Ͼһֻ˴̼ʨһ㣬ɴԼ˫Ҳǽ˵
ȻʱΪһλڵǿߣ
ԲܵԵзģ
Цһֺαôأڲֻһѣ
ԶҲǳǲֱ˵ˣαôĪΪ컹ܻ߳ȥɣ
ţȻزҲ޻ȥͷҲҪ̫⣬𼴱ˣд˵λѻﱾѩܵģ
˵һ֪ѾûлŵĿˣ
ֻҲ벻׵ǣ˭˵
ǾȻӵλǿߵĴˣ
ѲɾͿνĽô
Ȼòϴ˵ȷǸ˼𺳡
ǹ⿿һټǺӽھܹԿˣ
ǽꪶʮλǿߣأ
˵ǲǼǿ߶ѣ
΢ЦҲѣ
ֻж˫ǻͣȴҲı¶ʲô
ݸһЦҲۣڶʮֵ͡һ̻ܹǿߣǼˣ
ˣûУһЩģ
ҲЦ׵Ŀû˿ĸˡ
ûĹ
ԶһҲŭһ׳֣½ƶˣ

ǲǱɱһ
ԶԶ˵Բܴκεͬĵġ
ͬһĻǵҪöҡŸҪնɱԼˣôͬأ
׸ֶƽϵл˵ˣȻ뱾һģǾ˵˵עΣ
㻹û˵׶ʲôء
Ͽף֪׺«ʲôҩ
ԼΪһ°ܽҪôķϻҪԼô
ʵЩ벻ף׵Ҫʲô
׿żģΪΣ
ţȷ˹Ŀ࿴
Ͽף۵ǼΪпϣ϶ʵҲǶԼһֿ϶
΢Цл϶Ǳ𣬲֪Աһ߽֮кο
һ֮ڣȻţҪһ֮ô˲ڣ˵ǱţԶŲţ
ϿһԵԶҲǲм˵
⡭
ԶôһʣʵҲЩˣ
˵ʵ
ͻôһʣʵҲΪܵġ
һ֮ˣֱǲɵ
ȻԶ˵Լǳţһԥˣ׵ԥˣ
ԶͲҪװģˣʵҲǲǣ
ϿףҲǳһЦ
Ȼ
ʱף÷ǳĿģ
ֻҪܹ֣ϻϣֵõġ
ԶһµΪǻҪӳ飬Ͼһµʱ䡭
̨һҲ΢΢һ̾ԭҪȰ׵ġ
֪ԼȰ費ˣֻ΢΢ҡͷˡ
ԶǰȰ裬ϣܹýȥϾǹϵĴ°
һƳ׵ǻл˵ɣȥĪҪôĶˣע£
棿
Ϊ׾Ȼܶʱ׵ĻһԵЩ۾
ģ˶Ǿ㵲ѣ
һʮ׵ֺͻԪ壬˿Ҳǲòզˣ
һĭһڶ˵Ļ㻰
һʼΪ׸ԼЦֻڿԼ
Ҳǰѻ˵ģֻ֪ǣ׾͵˵Ļأ
ϴӦ׹ЦãһԾŶǱȻҲԸʧˣȻ˵ĻǾͶˣ
˻棿ҲЩˣǴİ
Ȼ棬ֻעһεĿϡ
һղűѾ˵ˣע㶨
Ǳˣ֮Կȥġ׵˼ʮֵˣˣϿɵ뿪
һεסˣüҪʲô
ڲʲôǵҪһģˣԺҽڿɺã
׿ϣһεʵ
ע˵ѾǴˣ
ԥһײм˵ӮĶľ֣ĳĵĶû˼ֺαϷˣ£
˵ϷԣǴӦˣҪӦֻսΣ׿ϳ
һΪ
ֱ˵˵׷ء
˵ʵעôˣ治֪λصôģ
ģԶһĴͷɥȻûκεĵģ
治֪׵Ǵ֮Ű




3498  
 

Ǻӽڣ
Զ̨˿׾ȻĶעҲƲѣ
ʵϣ
ҲһͷˮҲЩаϲ
˵ʵ
ܹɹΪҪ𵽴ôĸ֣һһϦܹɵ顣
ǺӽڴǰʮŲϣһڴأ
οѾķѣڻʲôս
ϲ֪ǣ׵֮£ѾһεĻָˣ
Ȼ֮֮ǰ磬ɽָǲɱﵣ
ټ׳ǿսһ׵ȷкܴĻὫ˳׵ס
Ҷˣ
Զ˵ֱ˵ҲЩʵĸо
׿˿ԶѵϣǶһĸô
⡭
ԶףһҲ֪ʲôˡ
һԵֵЦŵɹˣԺһҲǺ¡ʧܵĻôɱɱҲν顣
ˣҾ˵ų̂ЦŵֻڲǸ
һµʱʵ̫ݣΪηҪ˵żأ
Զ˵ʱҲһƵĿס
ʲôأ
ڵʵҪĶԿˣȷأ
ھ֮δ䣬λܿͻ֪ˣЦŵ
̳֮н֮λǷţ༰鰡
ԶףҲ֪׺«ʲôҩ
̨ЦһϽżһ·Ҳûס
ǲǸǵİ˵ôİԶҲһεʵ
Ȼ˵˵ҪˣҲûа취ܾ
ǾǷɶ˻Ҳ֪ôİɣ
Ȼˣ
ʵԶ֮лǻһ˿ϣģΪһֱڸǴϲ
һҲأ
Ψһ֧ǵģҲŴδ漣ˣ
ʵҲûôĸӣν
׿ڳ֮ˣҲЦһ
ΪҪץס˴˵ͺ˰ɣ˿ɲһ壬ɺܶɵģץס˴Ǵ˻һˣ
ԶЦΪ˵ʲô÷أ
էһȷǺе
Ǵôǿ϶ûеģ
̨Ҳǵͷ߻ǲ̫ӦҪ˼
ڽʱʮ󳬼ŵǰڹ񣡣
׿Զ̨ˣһεЦŵ
⡭ôİǰôȥȥĻǴѹ
ԶͲ˵׻ˣҲ̫˰
һԵ̨׵ĻҲεҡҡͷôĲ֪ʲô˼ˣ
ûʲô˼ֱɱʮλŵʱԽ֮׵Ľ߽⡣
׿Զ̨ˣҲ΢΢һЦ
Ȼĺܣ
ϿףҲЦɱʮֱЦ
ϣЦʲôڲ°ܽѣԶŭӵ
Цһȷ°ܽ졢쿪ʵ˸оЦ
ЦʲôװϵҲյ
ЦŵЦѰ·մմϲʮŵƾʲôҪǵȦףһڱ˿ţҪؽڿҲôףʮλǿ߽УΪƾЩܹסô
ô֪סأЦŷʵ
ϿЦ˼ĳ͵粻ǹ͵ܹɹģ
Ѿ㲼ۣʮŵȻܲڽڣȻΪУؽڵļʮλǿѾϤΪЧ
׿ϣҲչֳŵЦݡ
⡭ôܣѦЩͷŭһ
ᵽλѾˣˣл˵ˣ˸汾ǰڰɡ
ҲڸϷϻˣʱһвͽô
ʱؿôףȻ䷢Լ׵ĲԽԽˣ
ԭҪϳ׵ƺЩͷɥĸо
һ˳Žڵķˣ˿̽ڵΧƺѾǱΧˮйͨ




3499  Ҫʼ
 

ڣ
״ǺӽԶ̫׿е˽Χķ֮У
׿Ҫ˵ʱҲǾ㵲ѣ
Ҳû̫ԥ
֪Ϊʲôܾһ˵Ĺ죡
Ȼÿһ˵ĻΪˣƺʵˡ
ͱ˵֮ǰԼĶӰѾǺϣ˼ȴܹΪ档
ԼĶӵþˣ̫ڸҲǴˡ
׿ֻǴżλ𾳵ǿǰ֮˾ţ
˵һһսˣ
һƽ棬ʵǵҲʮֵĽš
ˣ
֣̩ɽѹһЩָоЩ
⽣ڵΧ˲˰
׿пףҲǳ
һԵԶղڷеʱѲûЩԷôҪνѾ˽֪ˣ
ЦŵȻŰɣ͵Ŵ˵ˣ
⡭ڵΧŲٵĸ֣ӲĻ
׿пףҲЩǵʵ
ӲΣߣЦŵ
һ˺ƺƵĳŽɽŵķ˹ȥֻɽڴʱѾǾۼ˲ٵĸ֣
ڿڴôΪ֮𾪣
ܿ죡
Ϣ׼ν飬ټϸΤķƣ
򼸺˾֪ˣ
ԭһεı˱
ʱǿĻлģɱ˻˵ʲô
˵˺λεĽֻ˶۸ʲôġ
ƵĺôڶҲҪġ
ԣҪնɱλҲõȵ֮ˡ
˭֪ôأ
ֻǴ˵Ҫ֪ǣһֱפڽڵЩֶȥˣ
ôˣ
ڴһλӿŶˣҲЩĿŶϵˡ
ÿ
ϿŶ֮ˣҲһ̾
׵ںЦеӣ֪Լˣ
⡭Ѿ׼𣿡ϲüҵʵ
ÿûУ
һε˵ʵϴҲǶڵһλǿߡ
˸ҲǱȽϵϤֻȰ뿪ˣ
ҪȻĻ׵˳ĺܲң
ǣ
˿һȻӣҲ
ֻ˴һ˸ո뿪ױϵѾʧɽ֮У
ţ
λ𾳵ǿ߷ӦѾЩĿɿڴĿǰһУ
ܿ죬򶫻ڵķ򼲳۶ȥȻҲûзӦô£
ǽڽյɽţȴɵıͻˣ
ʵϣ
ϴ˿Ҳһƣ׻Ǿĺܡ
ǷŹԼɾ͸ղŵһĻѾǰԼˣ
ֲøղ·ʱ׵˹Ż˽ŲԼǰߣ
ϾڴҲŷǳߵĵλģڸͷɲһܹǵġ
ô˵˿Լһ˽˽ڣ
ԺǴ˽ڵĻʱһҲ˵ˣ
˿̣
һԹĿףоһѾǽԼ·ϱˣ
һĽԼƵ±ˣ
˽֮ΤѾǿ첽ӭղſɽڵ춯Ҳǵһʱ˹
ӭˣ
ΤҲʮֵϿˣȻͬ˵ļ
ΤҲ֪Ϊ׵Ļڻ˵еأ
лܹ׷һѣҲֵˣ
Τδ˰ŵô˰
׿ΤҲЦʵ
ΤɨһΧˣ⼸ҲǱȽϵϤ
ϾǶǿߣҲ̧ͷͷ
ֻԶΤЩΣΪΧ˽ڣҲǲ֮һ
Τɨһ֮󣬱׵ˣһжѾǰ׵Щ˵ĵ
ʮŵȥôһεʵ
ȥˣһ˵׼ʱᣡΤͷ
ãȰס°ɣ׿˿ΤȻתͷλڴɡ
˿̣
ҲʮֵأϾǶ֪δһǾ˵ʱˣ
ʱһһţδʱҲѾڶ
ʮλŵĳһ̳˽ŵڴһ϶Ǵһ˿Ϣ




3500  ֱ
 

ڣ
һսֱ
˶֪׼ӣҲǾŽδ˵ӣ
˵Ҫڶٶ𣬻Ϳˣ
ҲԺ޽ڣ
ɲô֮֮ǰǺĽڣڵĽ뻹ٴڷɵĻ᲻
Τ˿ٲȻѾΪŵĴܼңе鶼İ¾Ľţ
ڵĸ̨֮ϣ
ŽΣ֮λң֮⣡
ŽͷܶģҲһЦΤ˵ƺѾ˰
ʮȻɽ֮⣡
ΤףҲɫص˵
ͷǽɣ
ǣ
ΤһεĵͷֻɫȥƺҲһ˿Ľš

ٿƣʵҲĴϣģ
Τûй೤ʱ䣬һε˾޴Ŀ顣
֪һһٲ
Ϊһǿߣ˭ԸԼ֮أ
ͬٵȻϣܹ档
Ҳʤ̭ģû˭ܹӵùһɡ
ĶƣҲûôķˡ
Խǵ˳Щ֮ԽǸоĺȤҲΪʲôֹһԭ
׿кԶվһԣóǵĽų̶ȾԲһԵΤ
ΤȥıӰһɱ֮ѾڽڵϿճ׵ӿ
ಣ
Τɽŵһ˲䣬ʮǿӰֱѹķʽŽڵĸ̨֮Ϸ˹ȥ
ǵĿƺֱҪһ㣡
ˣ
ǽһ̣֮Ҫ뽣ɽţȴ棡
˼ľȹϵһ㣡
ΪеҪ֪浽Ǹʲô
ֻûа취֪Ϊ˼ѹҲǽȥ
Ǹֵģ
ʮ֮УΪ׵λŵıǶڷΣ
ӦþǶˣ
ףνλɡ
׵Ŀһۻ죬ҲӭЩ˵Ŀ˿塣
⽣ѾҴ˵֮ڸ˵˭ǵ˵أ
һЦϣ
ҽǧأȴҲûо¹˭˲ǳñʦ֮ʲŸŰ裬챾ڼȴҲ붯䣡
׿Ż죬˵ʮֵǿƣ
Ȼ˵֣˭֪վˣֻһ˻߳ȥ
ֵģĪ㻹Ľ㵱ŷұˣϼһ߿Ҳ˵Űɣ
쿴ףҲǷһ˿Ц
ԣңƮѩҲ֮Աǣ
ˣ
ʵȻʮ󳬼ţȨʵҲǰλ
ʹЩվλõķλʵҲǿԿóġ
λ룬ң࣬˵֮ĹϵʮֵĲ
Щżˣ
׿Ż죬Ҳ۾һ
ƾҲñżҴȻֻʮλǿߣ㽣ںüˣ
ĿΧ֮ˣȻЦ
һԵңݸһЦԭҵȻԽڶ֣ΪڱϾĻԻ͡ƫƫ߻ȡ裬ֱЦ
ҲЦһλȥʵЩˣһ㣬ЦԷǰ
ֵģڸһλᣬͶˡõĻһִԲĻǿɾ͹ֲñˣ
쿴ףҲĨһ˿ĺȻ
ΪڸöȽǳȥôһЦ
ֱЦƾ֮ԱǵһȻ׿СԶ˵ͽһʰˣ
죬ΪǻôԶӲȥ
Զ˵ѾǲԼǵķΧ֮ˣ
˳ɱ⣬ֵķ޵˷֮ɫ
ˣ͵𣡣
ǾñһĸУҲ͸λһݡɡ
࣬һλվ˳
ֻǿȥλƺЩĸо
ǣǱĿˣȻҪսǱھñڵĻһɡ
֮λϣνѾûˣ
Ѿֱӽˣ




3501  ڵĻӣ
 


λ߿ףĿ֮޵ŭ
λǴʮ󳬼ҫ
ҫһʮֵĵ͵˭֪ʵԲС
Ȼҫδﵽ𾳺ڣɴҸ֪ǣλڵǿһЩ𾳺ڵǿ߶Ҫֲ
һˣȻ˿ˣ

ֱǶԻҫһ谡
ôڼΪһĪôһ鶼Ҫ˵ıɣʵЩ̫ʧ˰
׿Żҫһ˿мɫ
ҫЦһֵģб
˼㲻ڵĶ֣
׿ŻҫҲЦһ
ʵλҫ֮ʵҲڲ֮䡣
ھڲϵĴ̼λƢȻ׵Ĵ̼ʮֵЧ
ֵģ
ҫֱ׼ֻ֣Ǳ
ʵȻ֮䱬˼ҵĳͻǻɵӣ
׼ȻܹطʮΧûһʵ޿ܣ
ս
ڻ˵ΪֱӺЧİ취
ǻԥˣԥڶ׵һ֪
ûҫǰȥ̽ʵҲΪ˴ǰվѡ
ֻû뵽־Ȼ˵Ű裬Ȼ˵ֻһ
ĻǱȻҫҪǿĻôòǽĿˣ
һ̫
ҫؿЩ֮мһ㣡
硢ңһۣһԵɴһ˿ЦݵƢǵøһİ
Ǵܱܲͷʺɣ
ҫ⻰˵Ҳ˵һˣ
һֵǵȻȻҪսǾͰĹɱӺĵŻӦǶİɣ
⡭ǺðɣھһĻǸʲôɫ
ҫĻҲǹһ˿֮ɫ
ʱ򣬻ҫǻ֪Ļôǰ׵ˣ
˱˰ѳţǳһѣ
ǱãҲûа취飡
ʮ
ʮ֮ǰʵѾͷˣȻһ϶ʮֵĲм
ǵ֮жԼ˼ģ
죬ΪʲôҪûҫһϣѲһϲ
ʵϣ
Ҫûҫ̽׵ʵ֮ǰûҫնɱԶ
ʵҪ߳ѣ
ڿٻΪԼļƻѾǳɹˣ
׵Ļߵĸ֣
ֻҪˣƵĻô컹Ĳ£
ڶĸ֣ôܻһѾһεĽأ
ȻڲǻҫĶ֣ҪӮҲ޿ܣսñɡ
ԶԻҫȻûĽֹ
һӺսϢѾɢϡ
ȻҲ֪һս֮ս
ԭԶΪ׿϶ԼĵҫʵϾܹһһ
ôҲû뵽˼ѹҲûԼ
׿Զ˵ֺαżأɱţλڵĻӣ
ޱȣ
ҫķζըˣļֱǳư
ԶͰ׿˶ڵ
һ̣Ǿƺʮӡ
ҫܹΪʮ֮һʵӹɵġ
һԶǰ׿Уǿɶڴ˴ˣôܹ֪أ
ҲΪ֪Զ˵˸ղһ
ֻ׾ȻֻһνĻҲЩ޻ɽĸо
Զлһ˿ϣΪȻоű߼ʡ
ʵȴŷ˴벻Ч
ҫŭһĥĥ󣬼ȻҪǱڱȫ
ɣ
ֻ΢Ѿǳһźɫͷҵӣ
Ȼ˶Ҫ֪˵˭
Ǹ޷͸ҿ˵ʵף
ˡ
˿̣
ĻҲһε˳ٲȻѾΪ׵ұۣ
Ȼ˵ҫʵʮֵǿĻȻҲ۷塣
ʵ²ڻҫ֮£
ĻʵôܹΪmĳǿأ
׵ĿһۻҫȻλҪһս֪֪ҽڵĵ̰ɣ

ĻתһεĿҫ֮ʱ֮ѾǷһ˿սĹâ




3502  Ļǿ
 

ڣ
ŵӿŸ߸ϵЩˣǵҲʮֵĿܣ
Ҫ֪ǶѾ֮ˣ
˵ѾǿˣҪصǱڵϣ
Ȼǰλ˿ȥʮֵĺƺᣬ֪λ˲ʲôʡ͵ĵƣ
ʹ֮ǰնɱ˵Щǿλ˵;ѾŽ֪ˣ
񣡣
սһ
˶֪Ǿ˵ʱˣ
еȻǽţɸĿ˷֮ɫ
֮ض
ҪΪΪ貵ţһǱҪģ
˿̣
ĻֳֽҲǻߵ룡
ĻҫĻҲǷһ˿Цߣ֮ˣڻδһܡƾҲҪս𣿡
δһܣǽĵһܣҲһܣ
Ļ֮дһ˿ĺɫ֮ɢȫǳŵӣ
ǲ֪ϵĹǲǸϵĹһǿˣ
ҫһα̼ˣԭΪҫѾǺܲˣ
ǽ˽ڣżʶʲô
ϻ࣡
Ļƺ̸ֻ˵һȻһεĸֶ
ȥѹҲҫ
ȥɣ
ڴ˿̣ҫѾǻһŻ棬˾Ǵӵһ֮߳һ㣡
ǽҲǴŻһȣ
ڣԻ£
ҫһѧ޲йϵ
һ죡
ҫŭһһ˲㽫Ļˣ
ֹУ
ҫҲ֪֮˼ȻսԼʵȻҲǲף
ԣ
һҫʹԼľѧ֮һһ죡
ڵϿգ·ǱȾһ㣬ǵȰһһЩʵ΢ĽڵҲǺȻޱȣ
˴ʱĿ˻ҫĻϣһγȻܹȫʤ
п֣пŵ
ЩֶҲǿԿóһЩյʤĲ
䣡
֮ĳ
һһֱ֮ӱѿҫ۵Ļâ
ʲô⡭һôܣ
ҫԭѿЦһ˲ʧΣƺЩ˼ĿһվԼǰĻɫʮֵѿ
Ȼһ첢ǻҫǿѧһʹó
룬֮˿϶в̶ͬȵ˵ġ
أ
֮˷ǵûκεˣȻûһĿԼ
Ļó汾³ɣֻôһʵ԰Ϣˣ
ɰޱߣ
ҫĻҲŭһһεĳɱȥ
ڿĽײ
ƺһʱᶼ˭Ҳκβ˭
ΣѾǺ֮ˣ
ĻͻҫѾƴɱ˰ʱ䣬ԶͰ׿еҲЩ̾Ŀ׵ǡ˵˭Ȼô
һλѣڣʵȴǿԵġ
׿ԶͰ׿еˣҲǷһ˿ŵЦݡ
⡭л𣿼ֱ̫ǿ˰ԶĴָ
һԵİ׿Ҳǳ˵ûҫʵҵ˾֪ʵǿ֮н޵һĴڡǰܹ֮Ҳ·磬ʵ˾̾Ѱ
Ϊ˭ӮأЦһʵ
⡭Ͳ˵ˣ׿Աص˵
վԱߵԶñڲ²ĻڵĽ۸һġڿ˵ţΪλ˶Ȼٷ֮ʤ
ŶǶԱʮֵİЦһ
ţҲ˵ɰɣܹնɱҫʵСһЩ
ԶûиоκεϣȴǸоһ˿Ĳͬ
Ϊ
״ʼնûκεĽ֮ɫװģ
֮ǰΪԸҫԼ϶Ҫƴ಩ˡ
û뵽ǣȻðһ֪ĸֳ
ȻʱʤδֳǿŻҫһʼǿӲڵƾУѾһ˿·磡
Զã׻еԼ֪Ĳ
˵ģܹûҫڽڵĻһ˶ڴ˵ʵȻӰġ
ɣϷںͷأ
˵һĪĻһǻ˻ԶǶˮһƬ
˿̣
еѾǷתԭһֱԷΪĻͻȻʼˡ




3503  
 

ڣ
ҫԽԽԷʵһʼòô
ǴŴţȻ䷢˼ҲĥԼѣ
һ֮󣬻ҫڵתֱ£
һֱڷ״̬Ļƺɲıķš
һȥ
أʤƽѾʼбˣ
˿̣
졢ңҲüų룬ɫѾûԭôĺÿˣ
֣ҫ˰
ңŻ죬ҲǸֳһĨɫ
һԵҲһҫǸɵӣѲɾͿڲϵ
Ҫսپѣֻû뵽ԷȻ˵ǿ
ҲüѣȻһγԤƣ
֣ô죿
ңŻ죬ҲѯĿŶĻ죡
ˣȻһжԻհˣ
ҫΪһ°ȻʱԵĸǣѱԺ֧ˡڵҲŲԴ
ЦһĻһԵңҲһЦ
ԼǣڵıﵹҲǲٵģʮŶһ࣬һҲ٣
ЦһһͨѾǾ˻ҫˣ
ҫΪȴû뵽ѾǱ˳
Ϊ׾޿֮Ļ
͹ףŻ˵ĻҲǳЦһ
ʱǾȻŷߵ飬ôܹ쵼һأ
˵ȻҲʱ˵Ļ
Ļģ
ѾǸĻ´ָ
֮У
ԭƵĻȻ֮ǿޱȣ
һһʽ
Ҫҫ̶̵֮ĶʮȥǻҫѾȥʮֵǱ
䣡
ڻҫ鼱֮ҪĻǶһеʱ򣡣
ĻѾǷһ˿̵ζ
ˣ
ҫĻӣҲһı
ҫʱĿ׷Ѱķǻ˵ĸǰ
ʮŹˣ
ǻ֮ǰ˵Ļû뵽֮ʣȻһҪˣ
ǣǰ˾ǿһĿԼ
ƺûһԸǰæһ£ҫǿԭȵһӱñȱҪ䣡
ס֣
ĻҪնҫһ̣һϵ뵽ĶУ
Ļֱӹˡ
вףΪ¹͡Ȼ̶֮鲻ȻǱȴˡ
׻Ĵλһ˶𾪵ľ
˿̣
˿ףǵ֮ҲĨһ˿֮ɫ
Ȼ
Ǹû뵽׾Ȼվ˻ҫ
һʱ䣬ʮֵĹ죡
㡭֮ǰ˵ʮŹû뵽ǾȻ鲻ȱڡ
ҫ׵ĻҲһӱQ
ⲻǽڵ֮ƶѣ
ЩӲȻղŻҫʱ̣Ҳû
Ϊ𾳵ǿߣôԵôأ
ô˵ÿЦǱڸղųֹڵĻѾ˰ɣ
ʱĸ˻һԭȥʮֺʮ˲˼϶
˭֪졢ң˰ѳŴˣ
ֻǾڴҲŻȨġ
û뵽ڻ˾ȻĻῪʼų켺ֶʵ۵ĺܣ
ߣֵģ㻹Ǳ
ŭףҫûҲʮֵΣ
ֻû뵽ǼһﾹȻ̸ܹ֮
Ҫ۱Ļŵһ˭ŵڶղűƺϡĳЩ˵ڵԴʮֵĲ缸˹Ϸ֮ĻɣλǺ̰ҲǸϲϻһ
׵֮䣬˷̵ζ
ҫ˿̵ɫѾʮֵѿˣŭһ֮¾ʹգĳϹۣԺ޿ٲֽ֮£
ҫô˵Ͷѱˣŭӻҫû뵽ҫȻ˵ľ
㣬Żĳû˵ҪͶУĪ˽Ҵ߳ŭҪˣ
ҫҲһӲһľ͸Ҹ춥ˣ
ʶһ»죬Ͼڿء
ĵնɱҫĻǿ½Ѱˣ
λһ⽣ڣ
Ҳǵһ˼Щڸղûȥҫ
ս٣ղȷʮֵǷף
ֻû뵽Ȼô׸ˣ
׼򵥵ļ仰ѾŽĴ˿ʼֱˡ
ԭλŵԾȴˣ
һ̳׵ŭˡ




3504  ֵͷ
 

ɢˣ
û뵽ǸȥɵĽȻһ֮ˣ
һյͱһȥˣ
һӣʮλֱӾͱֳ˶ɣ
Ȼҫûκվ˵ɴҶ֪Ϊ˲˶ѣ
Ѿʵж֤֮ڵļ϶
վһλߣ
ȻλߵĵλĸߣļٲȻҲհһ㣡
ĪǱѾǽвˣ
쿴Ŷ֮Ϊ֮ˣҲüʵ
ĺ
ѪҲǽڻ֮µĴڶ
ֻڳĺһǷмӣңߵýҲҪԶĺ
ȻһеȷѪЩ䣬ǳĺҲʲôʡ͵ĵƣ
һˣͼԿˣ
ΪҶǴ֮ˣϻ˻ġ
һĻ
ĺȻҪվˣҪȻ˻˼ǮɵӵΪô
ˣֻǸղŻһ£ҵȽһ£Ļҵ֪Ļأ
ĺŻ죬Ҳ۾һɵ
컹δ˵һԵңѾŭߣĺĺ⽣ڵ˲Ҫҵȣ㡭ĵǱǸɵӡ
˼ǱһжǷֱûˣҪñ˵ɵӣ
ĺңңҲ֮Աǵ
ʲôǻȥ˵ɣΪǽ߲ȥ˵Ķ¶ҪһˣڰͲڧذɣ
ǰλڧĻ˿Ц鲢ǴֻղŻΪ֮սҵΪֲ̫ã֮˵
ҲǼǵ˵Ļ
һԵĻҲ̵ͷǰԭǲλھͽ͵ģȻ˵ˣǱҲ˵ɡ
ڲ;ˣ
֪ܲƵĸԣ
ĺڱǵĻôĽֿľбˣ
׳ЦһɱĲ
ߣ᱾ʰ㣡ŭһۣתųĺ¸أĳ˵һΪ˴롣û뵽зﾹȻλ˵Ļ£ʵǡ
Ļҵšֻ
ĺŻ죬Ҳһת
ֻʲô
ɫıʮֵѿʱҪס
ֻΪ֤ԼףǲӦһͷأ
ĺҲʮֵĴȻҪԼ
ôγأ
ǰλڵȥʮֵĹ죬ҲóȻǰ
ԭ˱Ƶûа취˿࣡
ҲӲͷƤϣѾ㹻ɾܾˣ
ҫ飬óĺվһɹ˿صλ֮ˣ
ʲô˼Ҵһǹͬˡ
ңųĺɫҲʮֵı䡣
һԵҲǳʹ߿죿
⻰Ͳ˰ɣǻˣҲʹ߿ҵȶԻЩӦҲİɣ
ĺң磬Ҳ˵
ĺ㡭
类ĺ˵ЩƿԣһҲ֪ô˵ˡ
ƵĴϢƬ֮ӻֵ֣Ȼִ˵ĻǾɣ
֣ǵߴ磬ôܹ˵ûйأ˵׾һ壬ǡ
翴Ż죬ҲǼ۵
ĺȻôѡ񣬱Ҳ޻˵쵭Ŀһ۳ĺȻҵ˽ڣԺ⽣ڵĵ̿ɾǼ˹Ϸˡ
һֺ̰ã˼ҵȱ֮Ǳ˻ɡ
ĺŻ죬Ҳ̵
һԳĺļƺҪ˵Щʲôĺô˵ҲĬ
ˬ죡ҲǿЦ˼ԭǴλһţȻλҪĻǿɾ͹ֲñˣ֣֡ǾλڵˣڵҪǲǳͷۡ
ĺ˵һԣֻһԵļ˿ųĺƺҲЩѯʵĸо
˿̣
׵д󶨣ǻҫ飬Ȼڼϳĺôһڣ
ҪֻҪڻϼɣ
һʱ䣬˵Ŀⶼ׺ͻ˵ϣҲҪ֪⽣ںεºܹλ𾳺ڵǿ߿⣿
Ż쳯׵ķȥԶҲ񾭽
Ϊ֪𾳺ǿߵжôĿֲģ




3505  ĺķ
 

ڣ
ʵ𾳺ڵǿҲǷŵȵģ
ܹѾǷǳĲˣֻ𾳺ֻǷǳһ㣡
ȻģҲòʲôطȥˣ
Ǽ𾳺֮Ҳ൱ľ룡
ҫ˶սǲ࣬»ǵֲǣ
Ϊĸ϶ǲ˻ָѸٵģ
ο𾳺ʩչ֮Ҳġ
Ϊʲôһֱڻ˵Ŀ֮£
Ϊһλ𾳺ڵǿߣ˾Ѿռ֮ˣ
ʵĻȨ
ûʵĻȨأ
ĺˣǵĻȨ٣ҲΪ˵ϣ
˿̣
ĺߵļҲһͷˮĿǲ֪ΪʲôϷֽڵĻͱװ׵ķˣ
Ż˷գҲ˽
ղΪʲô
˵֮ʮ֮һֻǸųĺġ
ĺ˵λҲģֻλ˭ܹλ
⡭һʼô˾Ű裬ڱڷִ˵ȷЩɲĸо
һλҲ΢΢ҡͷȻҲЩ塣
ĺͷֹǿ壬Ҳǿλ˵·ͻȻ֮ͱģѲûʲôԭ𣿡
⡭ȷֵĺܣҪ֪˿Ѧ廹кȸôϢ֮ûǵϢأ
һλ˵ȻҲʧȥϢ
ĺʮλ𾳵ǿʧΣѵλȻ಻֪зʲô飬ȴһֱλʲô֮
Ȼ֪ΪҪأ
ĺ֮ˣҲǵ˵ΪʲôҪһ仰֪ɽлƫɽУֻҵϹ۲õѡ񣡡
˼ǣǿԼ£
ĺ΢΢һ̾λ˻졢ң磬Ǿǻܳȥ𣿡
һǾͲӦ
λŵҲ΢΢һ̾ڱĺôһ˵ҲЩûˡ
˵һֱΪνĽ̽ȡһס
һֱҫһ㱻նɱǲѵʶԶ֮ǰҪӵĶ࣡
£ǻʤã벻˰ڲ̫࣬ǽڵ˻ʤҵȵ˼ҵһ֮ˣ
ĺĿԵЩǣֻǻ֮ص֮ɫ
ĺȷϽѾĳЩϸ濴һЩ˿
ֻҲȷΪ֪׵ʲôĵƣ
ô죿
ĺ̾һȽɣǶҪˡ˶Ҫһпɫ¡
ǣ
ҲǵͷʱĳĺǵоĹˣ
˿̣
һߵĻǿѣǸûн׷У
֪׿еƣǾʵǰʲôĵҲô£
쿴׵˵Լǰ
˵ǺЦĺܣڼȻȻҲҪûԶĿ⽣ڵɽˮ
ɱ¶Ѿû˿֮⣡
ʱ
Զ˵ߣѾǶ˼ˣ
Ϊ׵ıΤϣֻҲǸͶѣ
ղŻҫֵʱԭΪ׵֮Ҫʼˡ
һû뵽ֶ֮̾Ϊֹ
ĺȻϹۣ˵һĺϢ
룡
ֻҪԸ˼ɣ
ϣվǱ߸ʲôԭҪŭףǵϵʱ۾ֱˣ
ϣǿԼŵĸ
һǲ㶺ˣȻһôûǰ;֮ˣ
ˣϱѡ񣡡΢΢ҡͷ
ߣһѡǱڿԱ֤ĺܲңļҲһ
ʱоԼ״žžģԼĸѱˣ
һﵽʲôħ
ֻֻ֪Ǳ׸˶ѣ
ڵĻôϽأ
ӦѾ֪ĽֻǿЦһˣ޶ĳжԼ϶Ȼκγֵġĳ
˶ʲôʸּۻۣ챾ھҪǽڵʲôĵƣ֣֣ɱ
쵥ֳֽϳֳһĨŭ֮ɫ
ȣ
ֻǾڵ׼ȥɱ֮ʣ״һָ
һ£
׵һӿ˼ʮλǿߣЩ֮ǰӴʧǰˣ
һһĶŻˣȹĳ°Ͷµˡ




3506  ѪĻ
 

㣡
˿ź˵ĳ֣Ҳһ±ƣ
ʮλ𾳵ǿߣȻΪ˽ڵİ֣
ԭһϾѾûЩѪˣ
û뵽һӿ˺Ƚʮλǿ߳Ϊ˱˽˵İף
ǿ벻̣

ЦһȰЦݣ
󣬳ĺҲһãȻΪǳĺֵ֮ˣ
صδӰѡ
Ѫһĳǿߣ˵ǳĺͽܣ
ֻٲȻѾǳΪѪڸˡ
û뵽ǣλͽܣȻҲϢĳΪ˽ڵˣ
Ӻƺһвȵ˼ûУ
֮еĺս֮ģóĺоһĵ
˵ģ
Ϊ˹°ĺܣóϷĻȻӵġ
źģĺҲʮֵĲˣ
ѪڻҪڶԿˣĺҲˣ㾹ȻֱѵͶ
쿴źһ˵ȣҲЩŭɶ
ȻΪ𾳺ڵǿߣЩˡ
Щ˶ڸţնɱԺڸ˵¾ûôĹ˰
򱳣
ǻԸ⿴ģЩǿ߱ĸ̸ڵĹϵ
źͻȻ֣оһѪ
˵ЦˣĳѾǽڵˡһ˵
Ż죬ҲЦе˵
㡭
ĺԼİͽҲǳ׵Ȧˣ
ź˵˵ľҲƲѣ
ǻ˳ɹ˽ڵĻ鶼ûˣ
ųĺȭʦͽ񰮣Ϊֻˣ
ܺ񰮣ѵΪʦ㡭
ĺźɫҲһƬ
ȭʦˣĽ̻֮Īǡֻͽ˾ţʦˣ˵ʩкҴ޵Ĺŷұӣʵ˲ݣ
סڣ
ĺźĻҲʶĳ
쿴źɣҲһЦߣû뵽㾹ȻҴ˵ĲȻ˵ĻҴҲЩͽ
ǣֵģΪЩֹɱ㣿ֱЦ
翴ףҲֿһ˿̵Цݣ
һԵң֪𾳺Щ𾳳֮˿Աġ֣㸺նɱֵģʣ֮˽Ҹֱˡ
ž
׹Ƶ뵽˵ĶУ
ߣֵģĪˣ
쿴ģҲǿЦ˼
Цһĳһ˺ƣǶȽ츩׳Ƴĳһ
ֱЦһѾΪȥĽڣΪԼԼôˣ
첻мĿףҲŭһ
һԵңҲǿЦֹһﻹһףֻΪЩ˾ܹ赲סǸڵĽŲˣ죬ھ㿴ʲôʵ
ô˵λǲͶˣʵ
ʲôƾɣΪƾЩèвǣ𾳺ڵʵǲ̫˽Ⱑ
Ҳһεļֻ鿴ȥɡ
һһεƿԼĵƣÿһζ˸ܲͬ
ǻˣҲ£
ȥ֮ӦѾû̫ĵˡ
ݸһЦΤڣ
ˡ
Τ׵ĺҲ̹
׿һΤҽȣƱں󡣸õΣ
ɱ⣡Τ
ɱ⣿Цδȵ˵ȥѾ˵Ȼ˵ĻǾ뱾̫ϳϰɡ
̫ϳϣ
һ㶣⽣ʲôʱ̫ϳˣ
ǣһԵԶҲǲ첻ѡ
˵ʵ֮˲
ΪԻ졢ң˵ʵҲԿԴݻĿǰĽˣ
ȻһֱԶȴһֱڴġ
Ƕ֪׵ʲôƣ
һ̫ϳϣܶ˵Ŀⶼǲ̫ϳϵ˭
ֻǵ˿һĨ׵ӰʱɫѾ˾˵ı仯




3507  ֶ
 

ڣ
˼׼֣ȴΪײòһһε֣ͣ
ǵ˵̫ϳϵʱҲһţ
˵Сʻ괬ĵ
ŷŷұӡ
ԭΪײզզ֡
һֱŷұӵʱŷƺô򵥡
Ҫ֪
ŷұˣѾҩɾˣ
û뵽ǣһﾹȻһεĻ˹ƺ֮ǰӵͣ
ŷұӵĳ֣ԭʤƽ֮б˹

˿Žŷұӵĳ֣һֻĸо

ŷұӿŻ죬û˿ı仯·ڸһɵ˵һ㣡
ôܣ㡭ôܻأ
һӻһԵңҲɫ䣡
ղֺ첻ͬѾЩ˵ĸоˡ
ŷұӵһЦλ񰮣ҪñֻϧԸΥֺˣ
㡭mƶҩҩɽģ
Щˣm˾ô˵ġ
Ȼ֪m⽣ڣȴûⷽĹ˼ɡ
ټϽһֱڶʼ̧ͷ֮ա
ʱһҧһžʹӦm֮ˣ
Ҳ⽣񸴳ǵʱǿʼɱĻҪڻ֮̿ˣ
Ϊõm֮˿϶Ĵ𸴣˲ŸҸڵġ
û뵽Ȼö˶˵վߣ
֮ǰΪνΣȻΪѾˣ
û뵽⽣ǵûˣȻΪ˽ڵ̫ϳϡ
֪ĻǿһҲô˾͸̤⽣ˣ
ֻûκκҩԳԣ
ҩɽôǲmλһԸѣ֮治У˭ܹٷ֮ٵı֤ʲôأ
ŷұЩĿŻˣҲһ˿ᡣ
ʿˮ񣬽ȻڣǸɣߡ
˵꣡
Ѿǳɽŵķ񱼶ȥ
ֻǽӰѾǵĸǰҽڵģǾôˣǶԲ㵱ĺ׳־ôҽ˵Ϥڳ㸲ҽڵľûᡭ
񣬵֮ҵҲǱΡ
翴ŻѾɫǺӣҲǼæ
ڽǰ
ǻţ棬Ҳţ
ǰҲ֪mҪҵȲɱ˵һѵѣҽҲ֪ҵȶһֱмӡ
ңŷұӣҲʮֵ
ô˵һлǱڵĴˣڻøǷ㽱ʲôģ
ŷұҲǲм˵ȻҲὫЩ˵Ļɸ
ŷұӣ㵽ʲô˼ʵҵȻġôˣʶøÿһ·ӴԺҴ˸ǽھˮˮ
쿴ź̸ɣҲ֪ľӦǽھƵˡ
ԣ
Ҳֱ˵Ŀŷұӳ
Ҳ̸ǶһΣ
֮˶Ĥݣ
ŷұӵһϯǿˣҲòˡ
ңŷұӵŷұӣǿҲ𾳺֮˶ѣҵȽ𾳺ڡǳսҲܵ˰ɣ
ԺΪҵΪ˫ġĻ˵һǧ˰ٵ飬Ϊɣ
һҲǷȰο˵ʵҪľǽ֣
Ϊһ֣֮һǾԲܴģ
ټϳĺںĿԼˣ
ڻѾûԭˣ
סŷұӿףҲ΢΢һЦ
ΪʦˣԺھˣǺսɣ
ŷұӿ˿̨֮ϵףҲ΢΢һЦ
һδɵСӣҲԸͷ𣿡ʵ
ǣ׾ӵ֮ɵĺܣ׿˿磬Ҳ΢΢ҡͷȻŽ̲ģǽ߰ɣ
ڡ
ĺʶĻشһףش֮Ҳһ죡
Ϊȥͺ׵һ㣡
һԹսһϣ
ȰʻóĺһҲǻ񣡣
վӣ
ĳĺٵľվˣΪվκһ߶ǿԸı˵ģ
ȻҲֻԼôΪ
ֻ棬ҪѡҲѡˣ
˿ųĺȵǲ븲ڣʱ˿ܲ𡭡
ŷұһ¹䣬Ƕܹڹ£ھԼ̡˲ڴС
ŷұ˵һһԾŶ˾֪顣
ҡҵԸ׷
ĺԥһ֮ѾǾˣȻܶ˶⣡
ųĺ˵ĻǰһڣΪ֪ȥˡ




3508  ս
 

ڣ
նȻ
ĺ˵ͻȻѱ䣬ûʴӣ
ԭúõĴˣڽŷұӳֵһ̣ý㣡
úúãһǳͽ
ĿŽ񣬴˿֪ԼѾǵ˱ıԵˣ
ѣ
Ż죬Ƿһ˿â
磬ȻѾһɱһ׬һɱ׬һ˫
ң˿Ż죬ҲǱɺ
һԵѾóķɽһս⣡
֮£ҽ֮£֮ȫ£ʦ𣬽ʦͽ˽°ɡ
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֪ŷұһѪڽڣ
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ڲһ㱻֪ԼʦİȻ˲ֵģ
οԭҲûд˲֣
ƾ㻹̫Լˣ
û뵽ǣʱ̣֮˻˵д󣡣
ô֪أ
ЦһһԵĳĺƲѣ
ΪһϵĻô˵³·һ
ĴӽѵĻ֮Ҫסʮֵѣ
׵ĻѾ˵ˣĺʱֵĻǲǲ׵ô
׵ĻȻҪǰæȴͣ˽Ų
ڹ㳡룡
׵ִָŶ˽ͽˣ

û뵽׾ȻҪԼҲŭһ
˿ף˵ʣµΪʦӦû⣡
һ˶սλ𾳺ڵǿߣʵȻӹˣ
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ȻѾǴһܵľأǸֹоת˲֮䡣
ʱһСĵĻ׾пĶ֡
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˵дԶҲ̵𾳺ڵǿߣ򲻿ɴⰡ
ǰĳϳһһЩ
׿дʱףҲѵ
װڰֵȻھνȻҲҪʵˣǱڵ̤ʯ
ֵģΪһ֮˵ǿҪ㻰ģ
Ҳûκεĺ·ˣ֪ǽĹˣҲ޿Ĺڵʼٸߡ
Ǹڵʼٸ֮һ
ڵ磬ΨһıնɱףҲ޺ˣ
ݣ
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׵ĽϵĳķϮһһǿ
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ҲĴоֵľ̫дˣ

Х
ţӳıһɫĽ
ǿգѩƮһ㣡
ƮѩڵĽȻǳƮݵĺܣ
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ʱĽһλ轣һ㣬ȥô˹ģȴľս
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ǡ
ĺ˿˾ǿģҲּ
ֻǴ˿̣
ԭվĺˣѾǷ׷׾Լ֡
һĻóĺҲһͷˮ




3509  е
 

ڵ·
ĺԶѾվһ飬ֻǵĿ鶼ʮֵĵǣ
һ˵磬ҸǶ֣ҲǼˣ
Ҫиʲô̵Ļնɱ˻ˣƺҲǴвٵź
Ҫ֪⽣ڵĹǱλˣ
ֻλĳ嶯óĺʵĺܡ
һεдҪ˰æǳĺ˸ոո׳ƳҲƲѣ
ǲҪ
ĺԶͰ׿УҲ̾һ
ھͲû˵һǸˣ
Զ΢΢һ̾һˣδҵʧ
δΪʲôʤ𣿡
Զ˵ҲЩʵ
Ȼ
ĺ֪ĻԻͣΪľɵ֡
һЩڸɵһˣ
׿е˵˵ĳҲѣ԰ĳѡ
ҵʵͲ˵ЩͷԵĶ˰ɣѲҾͲ𣿵ʵʮֵ⣬ȥæĻ»ᡭ
ĺԶͰ׿ٻֱ˵ҲƵʵ
⡭
׿ʵ֮ҲʮֵĵǣȻһƬá
˽֪˵֮λ
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˵ǵҲǴ£
׿ȻΪһĵʶǸղҲˣĲһϣ
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ƣĪڸڸЦôʲôĵܹʱ˵Ĳࣿ
ĺŭһҲǷʵ
Զ΢΢ҡͷȻڲ֪Ӧòֳǿ֮ˣοûпֱڶʮֵĴݲô
ʢЩ˿ɲǻߣԺĺǲİ
ĺԶҲǸϽȰο
˼Ⱥ֮ԶҲЩԥˡ
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һ
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ղųĺ˵׾޿ô̵ʱֲ֮Ĳࡣ
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һ˺ʵĽ˳ķŭն£һŷұӲĻңҲסһߣ
֮ĶҲʱԼӦøˣ
һɱ£ʶľԼķɽֵֻƺԼѾˡ




3510  һ˿ź
 

֮У
ԭ谵ɫ𽥱սһϢд棡
ֻǵһοʱѾѪԼķɽڵϣ
ҡҡ׹·˵ʲôһ㣡
֡
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ղŻвףȻ˶ݵʱڱŷô˵
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ǵѸʧȣֱһһˣ
ۣ
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ڿ磬ѾȫûϢ
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ĺ˿ǰľϵ֮ɫþòɢ
һֱ֪׷ʲô
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̫ˣ
ĺͻȻ֮оԼѡǶԵģһζĸŻ죬µԼôĶ֪ˣ
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⡭Ҳֲ̫˰
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˵ʵǰ׿лԶǸȫǳΣ
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лᣬ˭ҪԼŰٳ߸ͷһ
ο׿еĶҲǱ˼أ
ð׿û뵽ǣԴʶ֮ǵѾȻķž˵ĸıˣ
Զ˿Ҳһ֮̾ǰȻƤӲĺܣǱҲΪǺϣû뵽
ĺѾЩ㵵˵⡭Ҳ̫һɣôİ
Ȼڲ֪ôģǳղűڵĻӦĺɣδҵʧ
׿пųĺҲЦǺǵ˵
һԵԶ΢΢ͷʵһҵǰڣҵȽΪһϣ
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ĺҲǿЦһ˵ʵôı仯ҵҲǴֲ֮ǰڣҲû뵽ľ棡
ѾһӦøеҡĻǿöȻҷ𣡡
׿Ҳ΢΢һ̾Ȼǳ׵ˡ
ԶҲǵͷĪ⣬ԺһǶӭһǰδеҲ˵λΪʷʱ̵ļ֤ߣ
ԺҵȶȻհ
ĺ˿ˣǵҲǳ׵ķ
ֻҪնɱңĻôӭһµĸ֡
νĴ˻ҪΪȥʽˣ
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Ȼȥ˻սһ𣬵ǽ񲻼ĽʽûңҲƲѣ
Ǹо۵ǣң뽣ս֮϶ദҲʡ
֮ңһЩҲòȥ
ֻûңоģ
ĻΧ˽ڵˣ
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쿴ңҲǳֳһĨɫ
ңŻ죬Ҳһͷˮʵ֣ҵôܳȥأ
ȥߣΪھûа취ô
Ҳһ˿ŹֵЦݣ
һЦݣ׵ҲüѣȻ벻ͨʱһŻܵĳȥ
ܣڱڵУܲģ
ŷұӿŶĻ죬ҲһЦ
ΪһϽŷұҲǾܵõ
ʦ𣬴йŹ֣
׿ŻȻδ¶κλŵģ˵ʲô
˵һ϶еģ
ֻ״ӺζһҲǺжϣ
쵭һЦ֣ס
á
ңûκεԥϣٱûϣҪð
׸о鲻̵˵ȣȫɱ˶ˣ
ֻǵ˵仰ʱһЩˣ
Ϊ쾹ȻǵƤӵʧˡ




3511  쳬ţ
 

ݣ
׺ŷұӶ˲Ծֻǵ¶ߵʱѾΪʱˣ
Żʧķ׵ɫҲʮֵ
Ϊڻ֪һô£
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쾹Ȼ˺֣
ŷұѾֹͣ˶ңɱ¾ʵ
ң˿ѾЩ˵ˣ
ԭΪֵ壬ʱ߿϶ҲǴԼһߵġ
ңû뵽һǵûˣһԹԵˣ
ٱ֮ʣ
һкһֱһ̵ܿˣ
ͻıʣ
׿ŻʧķҲǿһԵңЦνֵܣȻǺõúܣ
죬쵰
ңЩնһʧķҲǷŭĳŵϴһ£
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ֻ˻ţҲûʲôʵԵ˺
ңǻ㻹ǿѡģûˣ㵹ᣡ
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𾳺ڵǿʵǷǳϡȱնɱ綼Ѿʮֵĺˣ
Ƕ𾳺ڵǿߣǽڵʵһصģ
ҲʣҲݹҵȶ壡˵˵ľأʵһ˵ԭĳȻ˲ٶԲͽ飬ɳλ񰮣ĳˣ
ңҲǹĺܣղŻǴ̼ˣ
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ܾ˵ʵǲѾ̣
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ĺͷԼǣֻôţԭѶȼҪһľ޿ܡÿҵȽڶթ֮Уڻǲġ
ǰҵҪѡγһλܹŷ쵼ߣǴػص۷壡
ңһԿףһε˵
˵һ¶Ȼʧڶ򣬴ӴԺ޴ĸ֣
׿ңʱңѾ±ˣ֪׵ʲô˼
ңһ۳ĺĳĺСĿ׵ҵһеƾԸ
ھһ֮󣬱Ҳи򰡡λӦ֪ɳĵɣһɢɳǻ˸ƣšһĻ¾Ͳһˡ
׿һΧ֮ˣĻѾ˵ʮֵˣ
ĺʶĿ˿׵ĪҪ
˼ڼȻȻǸģ˵Ҳûʲôڵ˼ҽڵʵλȫϲһһǰδеĳţ
׵ֱӴ͸Ⱥɽ֮ڻɽ֮⣬һ̶Ȧ״̬




3512  Э
 

ϲһ
˶͵Ŀ뷨
Ҫ֪Ÿһڸ
û˭ԸԼžôı˼沢ĺˡ
ЩŶЩŵĿɽཨģǱ̲ôȥԼŵӽأ
һʱ䣡
ڷ·һ㣬ʴӣ
⡭⡭
ĺԭΪԼֻǹڽڵ쵼û뵽һڱǾļƻ
ҡŸǴ°һλŵҲǳ
׿һ˵ǻҪҪԼˣǺ̸ţ
ҵȻɢ˴ˣΪδأ
ĺΪҲס
ȻҲĽŽɢ
˵ŲǸûԺ̸ʲôأ
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ʦˣڱõʱȻλɻĶ࣬ĳĳһͬǰɣ
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ĺҲпϵ˵Ŀη壡
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׿ųĺĳΪֲһʽѡ磬һҪʵܹɾͻ磬Ǹһ²𣿡
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ĺף֮ҲĨһ˿⡣
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ȷԣɾͻҫֻǧû˭ܹĳɾͻ硣
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һССĶٴñ˳ɾͻô
Է飬Ҫɾͻ¡Դ˵ķɢǻǸӵãŻͨĽǸΪս˸ƣ
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ĺ̾һ־ԶҵȵȷȻҵȾŲ뽣һ£ڴѪڴӦˣ
ĺı̬ʹ˸Եͻƣ
ųĺӦǰЩѾʼŵˡ




3513  ŵĵ
 

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ң˿ųĺҲ֪Ѷ
˵ʵ
˻˵һЩңӦǵһͷͶ׵ġ
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һֱҪ̲ĳЩţ³ʲôأ
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ڵһ֮֮˸ӵ׽ܡ
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ңȻҲǲҿҲһ
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ãȻ˳ţҲһЩ뷨
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ĳΪİ֮һȻֻһ򣬿һУ
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ҪŻûкm˺ʱȻ׳Լ
֣һЩԱ֮
mûȷ֤ݵ£ǶȻҲóȻһֵģ
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ĺңΪ𾳺ڵǿߣȻҲ֪ʵѹľģ
ʱ⣬ȫҲΪźˣ
һԵİ׿Ҳǵͷ򳬹һĵطӦöѾڽˣȷǿԱȡůҲmĲ¼ɣǻҪ׼
λԲգȻmĲֻǱڲ²⣬mֻǶûгֵɡ
׿ˣҲ΢΢һЦ
ڵȷûгֵĿԡŽǿmҲòҵȣϾ꽣ھǱm
ңΪ˽ڵˣȻű˵ˡ
㶺ˣĻȻǾľĸˡ
ЦŵܹվģĳŵùˣҲδҽڵĺ
¾ܷԸɡĺҲЦŵ
̬ƽˣҲûôļˣ
׿˵Ҵҵ󣬾λ֮ǰ˵ģȷһ⡣ڵҲһЩ뷨ҷһ£λԸ㼺ԡ
ʾ˹
׵ȨƺһѾγˣЩҲǲȻĶ׿ʼ
׼ڲֳΪ飬ֱλ𣬶ڱŵĺģЦŵ
֪뷨ǡҲɻʵ
ڱԺųŵľۼأҲΪĵĵط⣬ڻҩááؾִáеಿšһϵͳԵš
׵뷨ʵ齨һһġ
ֵֻĸϸ£˶󣬾֮ǰ̫ں֮š
ȫǿԺϲΪҩãԳΪҩʦΪŵĺĵṩϣ
ˣһǽھһʲôȱ˰ұ֮һ˵ǽڸӵרҵ
ĺҲǐźһֵȻҲǱƻˣ
һԵңĻҽںܿԳΪһ˰
һŻΪʱ磬ֻҪλŬҲûпܵġʱm֮ҪҽڣҲͶġ
Цһʵ֮лкܶ໰ûи˵
ΪĿĸͲʲômҪڵm
ֻЩûһİյ£ҲǶȻܰԼĵƸ͸¶ȥġ
֮üޣ
ȻҲҪúܶ飬Щ˿ɶֻҪ˼·˵ĻӦûκεˡ
֮£Ȼöˣ
Ҳȥ׼ˣ֮ʱһ䣬ڵķչҲһһϦ顣
ټӵнĽһλص˵֮У
ʵ׵֣ѾԹһٶȴˣ
ʱףҲ̤;




3514  ǰ
 

ޣ
׵һϵĳΪ˴ֿȵ
񸴳׾ν
һеһУ˺Ҫ֪֪λضǿ
ܹýأҼ̳˽֮λǵ֮أ
˸оֲǣԭĽȻǿ󣬿һЩſҲǽһѣ
ڵĽڱ֮ԭĽѾͬնˣ
Ѫ𾳺ڵĳǿ߳ĺ𾳺ڵĳǿңˣѾǹ˳ˣ
ټԭ˵һһ˳˽ڣѾӵ˰
ڣٲȻҲѾǳΪ˶Ĵˣ
ȳһЩţҲ׵뽣ڿսˣ
һս
ʵжԼ䶯£
ֻʶƺ֮٣ܶҲǷǳҪλصĽǳʲôӣ
˿̵ףȴѾ̤ǰ;
ֻ·;ңԶټ׶ڵķλ˽ĲʮֵгЩ
ʵңԶľ룬ҲǸ£
һ·ϣ
ҲǲκεͣϪϢҲʮֵļ
ԼŮˣɽʱ˺ܶĿࡣ
磬ȻҪԼߣ
İϪȻ֮壬Ѿûκεвˣ
ֻ֮ȷʮֵĿ־壬Լ磬Ҳʣ
ʦ磬Ӧÿ쵽˰ɣ
Ҳڱʵ̫̫ˣһʵҲǳɹͻƽ𾳣
ʵҲǿԶһˣ
һֱΪҪ㹻ս֧Լ
ô˵Լ֮Ϊεˣû֮һ
ټ˵Ҫһ˳׵˽ԼĻҲǷĪˣ
ʱһʵһٵͻ𾳵
һҲûѹһˡ
οһ·Ҳʮֵģһ·Ҳǲįġ
Ҹһ֪򵽵ʲôط϶ûдġֻ·;ʵ̫ңԶҲ·
׿飬ҲЦʼ
ٺһЦʦ磬ҲʶĻ϶ʶɣ·ˡ
㲻˵ҶˣǶʶġ
֮ǰҲû⣬Ϊķ϶ǶԵġ
׼ٹһһʣɾôһѣҲȻʧЦĸо
ԼЩʱ׺ˣ
ҲԣЦһֵ˵ӦѾǽˣطݡȽϳһݣҲǺԶˣ
ݣֵǺܰ΢΢ͷȻȻǾֱȥ׼Ұɣ
֣
ͷ˵ʲôʲôڴоһˬ
֮ǰҲǸоʮֵĿ
⵽úOKˣ
˳ķһ·ǰУֻǵ׵һɽ֮Ϣ֮ʱԶѾǴһɱ
ʦ磬Ǳƺˡ
龢ͷʮ㣬Ҳʮֵļ
ЦЦСôԾԾԸʲôﻵ˰ÿ첻֪ٵҲʮôοҲ뺷ĵط
ǰղҲ˵ˣɲǶܹģĳżڵĽڿҲϲϵ֡ǽĳ򰡣ʵȷǿֲĺܣ
鿴ŸղŴ򶷵ķıûκεĿ־壬ʮֵ˷ܣ
һԲϾͿԸ񣬸δڴУ
ģǲ
˶ǲ£Ҫذźá
֮ǰΪmһ㣬Ҳ֪ΪΪ˸Ĳôҵģ
׿һԵ飬ҲЩЦõ
֮ǰȻ˵mʵǿҲô¡
һֱȵ׳Ϊ˽֮һʵŷ粢ûôļ򵥣
ʦ磬Ů
׵Ļԭ׼˵ȥģܿͶ׼üŪ۵
׹һֵСӣûŮСʲôϵ
ʦ磬ⲻΪ㿼ǸŮ
鿴ף֪ʲôܹ׵Ȥ
Ȼ
վǰҲǷ˹ȥ
ߣû뵽Ȼ߱ˣȥ
׳Ǹ˹ȥʱȻǰΧ֮˾Ȼm֮߱ˣ
߱ǿmĴ֣ܲȥܹܣ
οûƭԼΧ֮УһŮ




3515  Ϲ
 

ĳɽ֮У
һ֮߱ΧżˣǼʵҲǿԵģ
Ϊ֮ȻȥͲ󣬿ʵҲѾǴﵽʾڵĵز
һżߣ
ֻ߱Ǳͷ֮ƺֻǿ֣żʼɱ¾
ɱŨ
кХĽͷ˸оһĵ
ϹԼ־ܣ
Χ֮ʱ߱λͷ֮˿ŶǸŮҲһ˿Ц֮
m߱Ȼȵĵ̽ɱǴС㣬ǾͲǹ֪ˣ߱𣿡
λŮߣһλŷεŮǳ
Ϊݳ֮һ߱ɪɪ
Ϊ֮˿ŮӣҲǲ
ǸϹŮȻҲڿ֧ţȴһѲץңΪȾͻô
ϹٴС㣬ľܣmʲôأֻǹ˲Ըһƽ϶ѣڡ
ǸѲͷ֮˿ŶϹҲ˵
ߣЩ󱲻ǹģȻôţΪʲôһսСǵòĻmЭģ߱ɱ֮ˣǱΥԼ
ϹѲҲǺǳ
ֱЦ㻹İȵˣҲ㣬Ѿн֮һΪǵˡҲǲ࣬ǹԭǲñ˿ҴڧЦԽԽţǹȻҲкùӳԵģ
ѲĻȻǺܶϢѾ͸¶ˡ
óѲ߱ӦЩλġ
ʹ˵֪ϢҲǱһҪܶġ
mȻԶ֮ˣΪֿɵõôС֪ʲômҪĸ׾ͷô̫ˣ
ϹѲҲǴһ˿ľ֮ɫ
ղѲ˵֮£Ϲ˵Ȼ𾪣ҲΪ
m֮һս
Լĸ׸Լ˵ģϹҲ֪ǱȻĽ
޶
һֱmmԲ˳ģìǱȻģ
ο֮зm֮˻϶̾ڴˣ
۴κνǶȳ֮Ƕ֮е顣
ֻǿmɵһȥҲôá
û뵽m˵־Ͷ֣ϹҲʮֵĵǡ
ϹԼ̫ҪһЩ˿ˣΪܻڣ
ѲϹҲǲмһ
ô˵ץҲΪвĸף
ϹѲҲʶʵ
вĸףĳϵĻаҵĹҲͱռˡʱ˳߲
ѲϹʮֵı䣡
߱
ȷһΪţ֯һֱĸ֣
ϾmľԵϵЩһȵĸоطǿɶŷɥĴڣ
ʲʲô
Ϲһ˵ɫ䣬˿̴Ѿֹͣˡ
ѲϹȵĻڴȷǺǿ󣬲ϹܴСӦ֪ڰɣ
ڣϹϳɻʵ
ѲһЦ˵ϹٴСڵлԼ
ѣΪ˻ԹôǾǿţֲ߱úΪ֮
Ϲһڵ֣ƺֻһЩ
ڸѲ˵ʱҲǵ˺ܶࡣ
ֻĻ˵꣬ѲѾǿЦղĳ˵ˣϹܴС㲻ҪԼ̫Ҫ
㡭ʲô˼
ϹһѲĻҲŭһʵ
ΪһŮˣ߱ȥѲЦ
ܣ˵˻һػңҵģ
׶һ
Ϲһ׺䶥ĸоָоԭѪɫȫޣ
ŮˣЩʱԳһ󲻵ļǿ
Ψ飬ƺǶ֮еһҹ·һ㣬ʱпܱ̣
ʹӸղϹı֮ǰᵽλڵӦԭһԼΪҪõ£
ΪȵţΪܻڣˣϹٴС֮⣬֮ɱ˰ɣ
ѲǷһ˿Цݣһӣ
ǰȺˣһεĳѾϹԵȺ˳ɱȥ
Ҹƴˣ
Ϲ֮Ҳǳ׵ķ
߱˻ǲҪ˶۸Ҳˣ˱ӵֶԸһŮˣɱ̾
Ѳ׼߾ҪϹ֮ʱ
һԭѾǲһǰһεķֿ
˿̣
Ӱӳ뵽˵֮С




3516  Ѳ
 

ɽ֮Уণ
֮߱ԭΪʤȯգֻû뵽ʱȻ˸ҳң
˵ʵ
һΪĵطΪһĸ壡
ޣ˵ΨһһҸ˵m֮˰ĽǱ·Īˣ
ȻȴҲ̫m֮ˣ
˵
򲻵ѵ£m֮仹Ǵһ΢ƽ⡣
m붯̫ʵȥɱЩߣҲԸmƴһ
һϴɵĬúܶΪmǺµġ
˭Ҳ֪mһֱҪıˣ
֮ǰֵļ󲻹Ϊʱδѣ
´ңǴ޸Ǳ޻
ټmϵ˳ʹmҲǼΪĲŵĴڣ
򣬸Ǻبm֮еĹһ㣬ʮֵܣ
֮ǰѲĻʵѾǴҪˣ
ֻڶ֮ǰһֱܽжѣ
׿m֮˵ȷǱ޳ܵĺܣǲϵĴģ֣һָֽĸо
ݣ
Ȼһ֣ɶ˵ǿ˾ݣǱǽһΪá
˵Ǳʵ
˵ֻҵľ棬Ը⿴ġ
ΪԽңm֮˲Խע⵽ı仯˵ע⵽ҲϾ˼ʱ顣
ӵ˳ĴϢᣬлὫһΪá
ʱ׾Կ̵ʱڴȵԼʵ
˿̣
ȻҲԸ⿴֣߱˵ǵļƻɹˣ
ߣȵ׺ˣȻҲ߱飡
ѲŶ׺飬ɫҲһƬ䣡
һ̣
ЩԼղŵĻʵ̫ˡ
Ϊ߱һֱܽеģûȫɹ֮ǰ֪֮Ļ
ǵʱǳ䲻ļƻʧһˣ
ǸղѲҲǴˣΪԼѾȫĿסϹôţ
ڿ׺飬ĳӶˣ
ǰ˱Ѳжµļƻ
Ҫˣ
׼򵥵֣Ѳһ
λŵĺܣֻ֮߱ˣûһܹġҲ⡭
ѲԼǿǰСӿȥͨͨȻҲûзУ
ټ߻нʮλʾ۷ĸ֣
ݣıˡ
ϹͻȻֵˣҲ̵λӣ޹أǻǿܰɣmҪϢλܹ֪ͨš
ߣӢ۾ɲôþȵģɱ
ѲһϹĻŭɶ
ݣ
Ѿǳ׵ķɱȥ
ɽ˲䱻һƬû
׵˱ɣϹ֮Ҳ͸һӵĿϧ
˽쿴ЩеĻ
Ҳһ׼ǣ
ƫƫͳˣһںӣѲǾͲô
˿̣
һߵ֮߱û̫ķϻ߱ȷһֻصĴڣ֮̾Ϊֹ
Ѳ׵˵֮⣬֮һľżһָӣ
ܹ߱˵ĳӦҲɱϵűȻĹϵ
ʦ磬
鿴ЩǶ˾δ
ѲҲǾ㵲ѣ
ֻһ̣ѲѾǾ㵣Ǿˣ

һֱӳǳɱʮλ֮߱˵嶴ȥ
ʮˣ
ʮλʾڵǿߣ
һ˲䱻ǵĵǰ˷·Ǵûг˸ǰһ㣡
ֱȫ˷ĩ
˻
ѲǰˣһԵϹˣǼͬʱһ
ȿֲʵѲҲΪԼõ
ʱѲǰ˿ȥˡ
ᣬȻﵽ𾳵ľ磬ղųֵλпܴﵽڵʵ
һ뵽ߣѲҲЩͷƤ飬ղŵһ˲Ҳʧˡ
ʦ磬ô죿鿴ѲһˣҲЦʵ
׵Ǹͷ֮ˣĶɱ˰ɣ
δѲ˵ʲôͻȻ֮䷢ԼߵȺ˼һ˲ҲǱնɱˣ
һ̣
Ѳеĸܵʲôǿ󣡣
ң
ʱѲǵȴűд̵һ㣬ѾЩ̲סɪɪˣ
һԵϹ׺飬֮ҲǼĳһ˿ϣ
֪Ķ˵ɡ
׻ߵѲĸǰֲݿܵѲϵѹ




3517  ֮
 

ɽ֮У
Ѳ˲˹˾ֻöֶѾ֪˶ԷһԼҪǿĶ࣡
˵Ǹ֮ˣֵٶȻǱ֮Լ֪Ҫǿٱ
ο˻һûж֮ʦأ
Ĵڰ
Ѳһ뵽ߣҲƲѣ
ΪʲôԼôùˣȻ˵Ŀֲ
޿ҲҲĳְɣ
˿̣
ѲѾˣΪ˸ھնɱ߱ˣ˵Ǹںm
ѲΨһҪ֪ǣǰ˵˭
㡭ǵʲôˣ
ѲҲ˵Щв֮ʵ
֪Ȼ֪
ǣ˵ҲǡҪѲĿ֪һЩģǿûпˣ
ѲףҲһ˿мЦݡ
׵Ȼ˵ġ
ѲҲܳ߱˶˵ġѲһӣ˿ŻΪôĴȻء
˵ʵ
ΣеĽ϶Ϊ档
ѲˣǶˡ
ʲô
˭ԸǴô˭ǰٳ߸ͷһ
mĵķþ޴Դȡġ
ҲΪʲômһֱڻôӴԭ
ǰλmĹԲ˳ˡ
̱
Ȼ򵥣ȴǳʵã
׵𾳣ǿϧˣƺĵĸһԵЦŵ
ҲЩϧǰΪ𾳵ȷǲװһǲᣬЩ̫ˣʦ磬һ̰ɣ
ҲãmνҲǰԳıѣϸ֪֪Ҳνˣɱ˱ɱ˰ɡ
ͷһѲ¶֮ɫ
š
Ѳû뵽˾ȻввԼһ¾ֱҪɱˣ
ԭѲҪֿһģΪŻһ¾˵ˣ̫ˣ
Ѳɲʲôɵӣȷ߱ˣ߱˶ˣҲôװˣ
ûˣװһβʲô壿
±˶֪ѲôģôÿɲΪԼĬĬŵľİ
ͨˣ׿ѲҲǲ
˵ԣλҪҲУѲ
㣿û⣡׵
棿Ѳû뵽׾Ȼôˬ죬Щˡ
ĳ˵һ㻰οĳƭıҪô
ô㣿Ѳһεʵ
Ҳѡš׺ں˵
ԽˣѲԽûе
ֻȴѾ˴㣬߱һ֪ģο֪һЩȴҲǶǰˡ
߱ǸʲôӣӦҲǲ֪ġ
ѲȻʵرǿܹ쵽ֲ߱һСˣӦҲ֪ܶġ
ˣҲǿΪã
ײһĨˡ
Ѳ˿̿׵ӣҲ̾һһֱ빬ԣ˵ȷжֵ뷨ֻ
ֻʲôüʵ
ѲЦһֻļƻʲôĳҲĳֻǾݷֲĸˣǷֲӵָ뾡취пƾݡĵطôĳҲ֪顭
οƾݣüʵ
ᡣԾݳ֮ȻͨЩſšѲʼ
ղ˵ô£ʵ
һԵϹҲŭȵܵģղ˵Ĳģ˵
ϹٴС㣬ĳ˵ĵȷġѲϹ
ߣ֮߱˹ȻǱ޳ܣϹ¶һ˿ЦݣһԭҰ׵ɫҲ͸һӵĺ
ֻϹδ̫ãѲѾһε˵ڵλû˵һҪϹٴСţղĳϹٴС㣬ҲΪ˿ڶѣ
׺䶥
һϹоԼԴըˣ
㡭ֱǺ˵˵ģģ
Ϲ֮оδƺЩ̬
׿һϹϹٹǷ۵ʱԻ˵ľᡭ
࡭лӡ
Ϲдһ˿įһƺã֮С
׵ĿһѲˣԺ˵ɣĳֻҪһξѪ뿪ˣ
ѪʲôѲʶķ
ĻðҵĻȥĻҽ͵ĻᶼûˡװԵ˵
Ѫ
һߵľ
ǶѲ˵˵ʲôҪʲô
ΪֻǴӦ˷ŹȴûдӦڷŹ֮ǰҪʲô
֮£
ѲҲǱƳԼһξѪ׾Ȼ뿪ˡ
ѲоһЩ˼顣
ֻ֪ܿҪһεˡ




3518  
 

ȣ
Ϲ˿ΪĵıԼĸףҪ֪ŮΪȶĸΪĵġ
ھǶˣɸȵĻǻǲ˲ٵġ
Ϲڵھ
˺ܿ׹밮ӣǼѸݣϹδϱ
ڵҲǴλһμѻġ
ֻϧǣڼ̵ĸʱ򣬻Ҳб仯
ϹѾϾ˼֮£ھҪϻţԼĸ׵ôˣ
ˣ
ɽ֮ǰһλŮӿһϹ׺飬ҲЦŵ
ţĸ״أϹЩʵ
ŮЦһڵ׼ӭأԭţû뵽Ѿǻˡ
ӭͣ˭
ϹܵüȻƺѾǲ²⵽һЩʲô
Ȼ
ŮӿϹҲ˵˭δҪŶȥױһ£
𣿣
Ϲɫʮֵѿϲ޻ûء
˵ʵ
ϹԭǺҪżģѲһٶô˵Ѿǳ׵Ķҡˡ
Űˣĺ⼾ܹΪԼڣĸ׶Կ
ôˣǲǼ˰ŮӲ֪ô£Це˵
һԿóȵķΧǷǳġ
ֹӣǻȽȥɡ
Ϲ˿̶Ҳʮֵ𾴣ϾǰλǸּġ
ټ˼ҾԼԼҲ˼ҵ͵ġ
οϹƺûκεˡ
Ϲоοǣ˼λֹӸԼδı棬ȴܹ˽İԼ
׵ЦһϹС㣬ĵ̣ͺˡ
ңֹ롭
˳Ŵķ򼲳۶ȥڵϹҪȥԼĸױŰ
һڵɱȵĻǵʱ¾⧲ˣ
ڣ
Ѳǰ֣ȴҲǱ׸ײ˸š
Ϲ治һĺá
ȴ֮ϣ
һλڴ룬һϮŶеζҲһֳ嶯ĸо
ֻǱ߰ģǧ֮⡣
ŮȹϹ죡
ϹӰ֮ϵһ̣ԭϹ·һڻˡ
Ѿͷô뿪ˣһӿɶҪ׵ˣôôĲѽ
ϹĻǶһȵļλŸ߲㡣
վϹԱߵһλŮҲЦŵˣɵøŶСһֱﳤģ
˭ñֻôһŮأ
ϹҲЦǺǵ˵ֻǿϹɫʮֵѿ
ԭ͸һЦݵϹɫҲǱˡ
վϹߵλỤ̊Ϲһίеı飬Ҳ۵˵̣ǲǼǳС۸
̣
Ϲһ̲סĿʼ
һеһпȥôƽ˳һļûС
Ϊʲôһֻ˵⣿
ϹоԼĶըˣΪʲôڻô
ҲΪʲôమˣõǱѣ
ǰԼĸ״˸ûİ飬ȴ档
ʱϹڳЦԼĸףû뵽֮죡
Լĸ׺ΪԼĵӣϹоԼⱲΪڰһ졣
۷ʲô鶼أ°
ϹɫһƬԼŮܵ˵ί
Ϊһ֮˵ǽõĶԼŮ
û뵽ԼұΪǵŮȥȻ˸۸ˣ
ҲŭһǼСûˣ£һˣ̸
̣²ˡ
ϹѰ˼˰죬ֻ仰ܽˣ
²ãôˣ
Ϲ쿴ԼŮҲһͷˮ
ѾͷզզģЩˡ
ǰôˣҲһɻʵ
ҪҪˣ
Ϲ˵˰죬˵һʯƾĻ
仰ֱԭȵ´ó
ϹԭҪԼŮô£ĿѾǷԼŮˡ
Ѿͷ˭
ϹĿ׺ϣ˷·ûʲôڸС
Ϲȴ֪Ϊʲôİ˵ĳ֣
һʱ䣡
֮ϳϢĸоϹĻʵ̫ˡ




3519  ͱ
 

´֮ϣ
һѹֵϢɢΪǿ֮һҪԸȵĻʱˣ
ȿǲܵ飡
ΪʲôҪȣ
Ҫ֪ԭѾǿҪˣ˿žһŰ
˿̣
Ϲ첢δʲôģֻǿ׺Щ֡
ԼŮ˵Ѿǽˡ
Ϊ׵ĳ֣ϹҪ֪𵽵ã
ΪˣԼⵥŮܵ˺ĻҲԲˡġ
⡭ҵĶˣ
ϹһҲ֪ô˵ˣΪо̫ͻȻҲԵЩĵĸо
ڵһ˵ҪֵĻȻҲǷ㵽ס
Ϲ˵Դһ˿֮ɫˡ
һԵƺõϹ⣬ŶʵֹǴȥкιɰ
̡
Ϲ̾ʷһףҲǼˡ
׵ҲŭֻǵһЦͱˣƺǴ֮ɣ
֮ߣ㵹˵˵Ļǲ̵ģ
̿ˣҲǺǳ
ʵ̫ԼҲ̫ˡ׳Цһ
㡭ôĵӣȻҡ
̿ףҲǻðɣһﾹȻҵôŸ߲ȡ
һ˵ƺҲûʲô˰
Ǻ˼ĳһֱ֣ȴ˵ͱˡѲֻݹٷŻյˣοĳҲ˵һʵѡ
׵ȻһЦƺδ̷У
úúãҪʲô͡ʵС
ļһҲ̫Լˣ
ʲôûʳȻһ٣ܸأ
Ϲ̾Ҫ׶֣Ҳּ
ֻһԼĸƺɴ·ôȰ裬Լĸ׾ʯһ㡣
ʦ磬Ҳ̫ʶô˰ɣǣϹѾǱץˡҪǶ֣ģ˭Ƕ֣ɲҪҲǵţ
Ҳǳ׵ŭˣ˿޳ܣǲ޳ܵ˵ȵز
ôҲϹľ˰οڻҪҲ˵ء
û뵽յȵĴ֮ϣȻܵ˴˵ȵĴ
ȻǲԸţĳֻܸˡ
׿˿ϹҲǳ׼ȥ
߾ߵ𣿡
̸оԼ˶ˣǰ˵ȷһֿڳԵĸо
ֱһȻ׺ĸǰ
ƲԳԷƣ
ҲŭˣŮʵǷ˵úܣһֱֻӳ̵ĲӴץ˹ȥ
һ˲䣡
ҲĿɿڴĿŶף˵ֿ
ǿ
Ҫ̵֪ʵѾǴﵽ𾳳ڣһĸˣ
Ȼ֮ϹЩ磬ҲǾԵǿˣ
ǾݣҲ˾Ĵڡ
Ϲֻ̣ˣǶû뵽̰ڱ˵ֻһУ
Ȼˣ
кܶżȻĳɷ֣һҲû뵽׻ͻȻ֡
ס֣
ϹͻȻ뵽˵ĶУ˿ԾһɻĿ׵ֹӣղŶеֻȼΪŮӣԺֻܶСʻ괬ټδԡ
Ϲٹ˼ĳףֻ⻰δ˵ӣʵЩ̫˰ɣ
Ҳ֪Ϲ첢Ǹɵӣ϶ǸܵԼʵˣ
ĻµùľԼˣ
ȻҲóϹ̣Ƕûɱ⡣
ҪȻĻ׻Ĳˣ
ǣֹԼǡֻǱڿɷ֪һеôأϹ쿴ʵ
ԼŮƺЩ˵̫Ҳǿף
΢΢ͷʵĳ򣬶֮Ҳ˽⡣ֻmƺҪ֣ղ֮ɱȣǴ˵𡣡
m֣⡭ôܣֹӿΣ˰ɣ
Ϲʵϻǻڻ֮УϾm֣һʱӦҲڸйϵѣ
֪mȴ֮أ
߱ѲһץˡҲѾЩǾǰɣڲ׼ˡϹſǻ
Ѿˡ
ʱȻ֮¶һ˿ŹֵЦݵ
ܿ죡
һһӰѾǳȵڲ




3520  ݼ
 

ৣ
һһӰȡ
ֻЩӰĵ֮˶Ц绨
ǰ˵ͷʾ⣬Ϊ˲Ǳˣδ׼ڣ
ͷ֮ˣϹδķ

֮ӣҲδڵļ̳ˡ
Ľǣ⼾ǳã츳Ҳ׿ޱȡ
ھݵѡ֮УϹǷеڶ͵λġ
ǵݳһ̬Ļһ͵ڶҪŰˣ
ˣҲ쵱ġ
ο⼾ķΣЩŮһΪ֮ĸо
ЩŮ˶Ϲ䲻ϼ
ǶһЩѣ⼾Ϲ֮ȴѾǳΪ˱Ľһˡ

ŶϹδϹ̵˴кһĿϹ
ò˵⼾ȷһ鳡֡
ףҲòһǷǳĵλġ
ϹϹŮǼôкܴˡ
ϹϹ۰ŮôϹ죬ϹĺøС
ΪԼŮãǱϹο
ôΪ°
Ϲ˿ҲʶվϹĸǰǲ¶ɫ˵
΢΢һЦ̣ô˰רΪҸġ
Ŷ˵
Ϲ첻̲˵һ䣡
˿̣
ҲһһȦľҲǿġ
˵Ϲһֱڻôżô
ԣҲǶһۣ
ڸȻǲǵһ
ֻϹĳǸƺûôˣݺݵıѾüܵʲô
һ޹ĿϹ죬Ҳ¶һ˿Ц̣ôоôԾʲô𣿡
ҲҪ˼룬ղŸأ˭Ҳʱ˳Ͳ˰
Ϲ赭дһ仰ֱӻ֮ǰеΡ
Ϊһ֮ȷԼķ緶
һԵҲ΢΢ͷȻµĻҿǻȰҪ
֮ͷȻ̡̣֪ģҸĻΪҸ״һֱһϡ״˳أǴҪ̵̺ȸ߲ǰڻµġ
α߼ʵģ
Ϲ鼫ΪĸӣղһֱŲ˵
Ǳﲻסˣһʵ̫۸ˡ
Ȼһʵ˵
ż̬ӣϹһǱﲻסˡ
£
ϹҲ֪ԼŮƢʱôżȻǰ˲תķˡ
ĿϹ㵽ôôǶôأ
ԼʲôԼ˰ɣ
ϹżҲŭһ
Ĳ֪˵ʲôҿصط˸״˵ǰǵ̸ǵĻµİ
һ޹ĿϹһԵϹҲǻԿһۣ
ǿҪôݼĵزˡ
Ҫôǻԩˣ
һʱ䣡
ϹҲжеǷֱ
ߣڲҪǾͷɣ
ϹʵӣҲһЩԥˡ
оƺ˵ҲǶǼٵġ
⡭Ӻ˵𰡣һŵĿϹ
Ϲüôô
ʵǲ֪˵ЩʲôôܶԸô˵ȥҲûŰɣ
ϹЩˡ
Ϲ쿴ѾǵزҲǳǺ̲㣬ɲǲš
ĪǺ˵߱ˣɫһ
ߣղ㲻ǼʵǶû˵߱ô֪
Ϲƺץס˼˵ﲡҲǲмЦЦ
û뵽ҼĿоô߱ȷҹڣϧвҡڶûЭҲΪʲô״Ҿԭû뵽˵ͬİ·
ҵһЦ·һȫ綼һ㣡
ֹӣ⵽ô£
ϹԭֻǽŽɣǿżһ˸߹һ˵ıݡ
Ҳ̲סĿףΪѱˡ




3521  ͦ
 

˭
ȵĸ߲в϶ʶġ
ֻǰ˿ȥʮֵİ˾վԼŮϹĺ棡
üȼһ˿Ķʻ𣡣
ŮˣκȾָκ˶С
λֹӡ
ϹоЩΣΪڻ߶
üͷȻεΪЩˡ
ղŵĻеģ
ڻˣǾЩ˵ȥˡ
Ϲ죬̣˭Ϊʲôȣиղ˵Щô£ҼҲԵ޹ʵϲԩˣ
֮ǰҲ˵ѡ
ϹͻȻ䷢֣ԼǼмЩһ㡣
Ҫ֪һεĿɾȰɵ·Ǳⲻˡ
ĳǰţ΢˫ۿŶ׵Ǻˣ
ʲôƺûʲôϵɣȻ˵ĳҲֻ޻˵ˣ
̾һȾ׹ԨҲǻð
ԼѾǵ㵽ΪֹˣǻôִԲĻֻ˵ˣ
ǰˣҪԼ»
ô˵߹ƻġΣˣ
ӹâ·һ̱Ҫ׵һ㡣
ȵĴ֮ϣ֮⣬֮ƺһ˿ˡ
ڹ߱ͼ߸ݣǼȻʲôҳϵأ
һ̤ƺҲ΢΢
һչ¶ţ
ϹҲǶЩĿ࿴ˡ
ڼ˸˵ǸԸס
ֻûκεİ취Ϊûκε֤ݱһġ
䲻𰡣
ϹΪȵĹҪչ˵š
ûо֤ݵ£ԸԼ̬ڣҲԸʱֱӶ֡
һ߱ıĻľ͵òʧˡ
жϣһԵΪҪ
ֻϹ첢֪ǣǵƺȥԶ
һɺԣ㾹Ȼڱǰ˵ǿ벻̣ţԻڵļһץȻصԺз䣡
ݺݵĶףҲ֪ʱЩ̫ʡ
ԣһеİ취
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첻µزµ֣Ҳǲмĳż˿
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˶û뵽ǣϹһξȻڲˡ
ϹҲüôˣ
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ϹȻԼɫ΢һЩˣıԾڸˣʵż˵Ļ
ôĸ飬ϹܵһЩĵط롣
ܾѲĻʮֵĿŵģΪһ̲˵Ļ
οĺѲйϵĻôɽ֮նɱ˽ʮλ֮߱أ
㡭ѣôʶ
Ϲ˵ҵҲûзҪʶɣ
㡭
ɱ˰Ŀ⿴Ŷ׺飬ɱ˵Ļ׺鶼֪˶ٴˡ
Щ鲻ȵ˵ɣղ˵Լ̸£д£Ϲʵ
̣ǵġһҾר̹šͷ
ƺЩ󰡣ǺǡϹҲǽŽɵ˵
ĵͷ̣ȻҪء
󣡣
ڼǱϹίߵʱһһεĴ뵽˵ĶУ
׷ģֻǵ˵ĸֵʱ򣬼ɫѾǳ׵ıˣ
û뵽λֹӵһʶ֮ˣ
֮⣬һλȥüĿߴһ˿ŹֵЦݿס
Ϲ˴ʱѾǴʧɫ
Ϊ˲ǱˣǼĸף죡




3522  ¶
 

󣡣
ڴʮֵĳΪmԴķ
þڶʱڿԷסҪɱ֮ˣ
󷨵ĺôڷΧʹʮֵķ㣬֮бʩչ
ʵײʶ󷨣ʶ˲ʶ
ȻǶʮֵϤ
Ҫ֪ΪmҲȻĶ
ǿ𾳺ǿ߲ų׵ġ
Ļô˵³
ԵܵʱҲֱӸס
ҲΪʲô׵ʱһԭ
ΪνʱҲʮֵ𾪡
죡
ڵҲΪǿŵ
Цݿվһԣ·ڳ֮˽һ㡣
Լ׵ĵҲǸϽ˵Լĸ״ˣô⣿
Ȼ
û뵽ĸ׾Ȼط
Ϲ̵˶һĿż죬ǲδڡ
ԽԽ죬ϹѾһֲõĸо
ƺҲǲĿԼĶӵӺɷλޣκ鶼Ҫ˵
״ˣǴӦҵġ
Լĸ׼ѾˣҲǿһ¡
ݸһЦΪǴӦ㲻˺ϹҲǽȹ˳ڵĻϡ
˳ʲô˼
Ϲŭǰļ죬ȵ´Ҳ˲
λ־ڴУô׵־أ
Ϲٹʶ꣬ǾͿżɽˡڡ
쿴Ϲ죬ǲĽ͵
ϹƺҲǸӣżֹ˵ĲǹȻǹ˳߱ˣ
ʲô˳߱˭m쵼֮£ҵȲ˳Ӧˣ
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Ϲ΢΢һ̾һοԼˣоЩ˼飡
ϹΪһˣֻڶŮ鳤ĻԺܳʲô£㲻ϲһصĴӢôΪ𣿡
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㹻ˣҪֱ㶯ְɣϹˮҲŶ
Ϲ죬쵽ǺƽǶ֣ǾҪһ֮ˡô˵С
컺һԣĵȴϹĻش
Ϲһԥ˽ģ
ˣԲûаյ̣
ٳ£ϧסôˣȻӵžԵİգ
״ˡϹôһ̼Ҳǳ׵ŭˡ
쿴żŭӣΪһֱڽ㣬Ҫҡʵ̫ĸˣλС̹㿴˼ɫȻȲ
״ˣ˱Ƕͨ籨֮ˣҪ
ŭǰ׺·ǿһ㡣
ڵЩ᲻ɱСһˣȿϹٹѡɡ
쿴˿ף֮¶ľ֮ɫ
أ
ܿͥǰ䣬˾Ǹ
˿̣
˵ĿⶼϹϣΪһѡ˳ʱǻϾͻˡ




3523  Ϲѡ
 

ȣ´
еĿһ̶Ϲϡ
ǴǺͣ
һоͿϹ쵽ǵͷҡͷˣ
˵ʵ
Ϲǲ͵ģΪŮŵĸ˵ͣ
²òͷ
ʱһֹӵĻڴĻڻһ˿أ
ԼţǱ˼Ҹסˣ˵ȥɲҪЦô
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Ϲٹ𣿱ڿûжٵʱߺţ
쿴Ϲ죬ҲԵʮֵĲͷ
ʵѾǿóϹԥˣ
ֻҪԥˣǾͺðˣ
Ϊһ֪֮ϹԲôĺúŪ
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ңʵѾµϹ켴ǹ˳ԼҲҪġ
ʵϹᶯ֣ڸʩѹΪ̸еʱܹһѡ
Ȼ鵽زҲֻѡˣǼܹӦڼĻǱڻ»ῼǵġ
Ϲ̵˶Կһۣʵ˶֪սڳ֮˿һӲߵġ
ϹٹֻҪǶ̸ٺһЦ
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˼ľʹӦˣ֪϶ǻġ
˭֪ϲϹǲ٣ǼϹδĶϱ⣡
ͼλԼĶδܹиõǰ;
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Ϲ죬мÿһ仰ʵʮֵĿԵġ
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ǻǽԼĻǽ¾͹ֲˣ
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ϹԽԽűȻҲͲˡ
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ɱӺ
ҪģѾǳΪĶ󣡣
ǣǺֻ֣ĳȴҲҪҪġ
ϻΪǲèأ
˿̣
״Ӻ˳˵Ҳ桭




3524  ˵ļ
 

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ԼĻѾһɪɪˡ
ɴʼգ˼ƺѹҲûн˷С
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ΪղҪ̽ǣȴ˼ɵĸˡ
ϹҲɵӣǰ˿ȥЩڲͬ
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СѻǺŰȻھݵĵؽϲôɻЩġ㳲Ϊӵô
쿴ףһĪĸо
ǸֵΣаɣ
˶Ϊʤȯգɼȴܸоô£
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н֮ţ֮Щ֮˻ŵĵ
ЦһӣĳΪҪӣ
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򣡣
ϸ˵ֻⶫһĪ
ǣССҲҲ֮£ĪֹԼ̫ô
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úúãССͽڽ쵹Ҫʲô֮£
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ıԼĸҪˣҲԸµȥ
ϹһЩĿżôϹˣ
ϹСǺİɧӣϹ۵Ҽ
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ڿԼŮΪһ۵˾Ȼ˵ĿԼ
ôܹܵˣ
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ϹôҲû뵽ͼȻ˵Լɧ⼸֣
֣ϹԼһ˿붼ˡ
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޳ܣ޳ܵ黹ںأ㲻ǲԸ޸ôǺðͰ㵱ˣ
ǳ׵˺ˣʲô˵
ϹһһףԼһҪһ
ȻҪ֣Ǳ㲻Ҫκεĺ֣ȥɡ
쿴ԼĶӣҲĵͷ
ԼڲΪϹŮ˶Ů鳤ˡ
֮ǰļһֱģԼӶŮʵ̫һЩ
û뵽ǣԼӻԼ
һ漰ԼʱһҲʲô鶼óˡ
첻ΪܣΪ٣
ԼԾԾԵӣҲЩΪ⡣
Ҫ֪ԼĶǾǰĳš
ǰ˿ȥ֮ԼĶӻҪһЩҲҲǿԴսٻغϵġ
øԼһĻᣬѲɻҪԼĶӳʲôⲻɣ
ֻϹȵǰһĬĿף
ΪѾ֪һԵĽʲôˣ
Ϲ൱ȡ
Ϲϣڵˡ
׸ֶĿһۼʸ
㡭˵һ飿˵˭ʸҼǾڶ㾹Ȼ˵Ҳʸ񣿡
һЩըëˣһεıСˡ
˵㲻ǲ񣬱ҲԸ֣
״˿Ҳһ֮ǰ֮͸ŵľǲм֮ɫ
ֵģ˵㻹ԼˣҼҪܣ
׵ŭˣ˿ֳ߳棬ŷʮֵս⣡
һԵЦŵʦ磬Ըˣһָͷ͹ˣ
֪Ƕ֮ΪǶԱôȥɡ
ˣ
о챻˷衣
˿̣
ûκεķϻֱӳ׵ķɱȥʱѾ׵ĸǰ
͸һЦݣ·ⲻ֮սһ㣡
֮ڣ
ȻŶļ˵Ļ֮׸ӵĿ
ֻϹȴ֪ȷʵġ
˵һǶʮҲڻ¡
ٵҪţôƵġ
һҧһεĳɱȥֻһȴĶը죡
һ

֣ɥһ㣡




3525  Ѳ
 

תŲ
ڿʧγ֣
Ѿ˷֮ЦһҴ֮նɱٵţֱЦ
ˣ
ڼЦ֮ʣ
ĵ֮ѾƿһѪ
һָ
Լıǿ˼ĵҲŵɫһнˣ

Щ̱ĿԼĶӣıѾޱȡ
ôû뵽ԼĶӾȻľôˣ

ûüԼĶ˵һЩʲô֮ǰֵԴƺǸЦһ㣡
ȷֻϧȴҲǵļɱ
׿飬Ҳ¶һ˿ааЦݡ
һ룡
ɱѾϯȵĴ
Ұ
Ľռ䳹׵֣ڵĻᶼûУͱ׺ֱնɱ
ν
żͻȻԭоŴƵڿ߽֮⣡
ֻЩҪߣȴҲûκεĿԣ
ʬѳܿγһʬɽ
־˵ϣȵǰˣǰľҲһľδ
̫ǿˣ
ֱǵ¾һһµ֮ˣ˶ס
ܿ죡
ռѾǳ׵İ׺ȴʲôûзûһ㣡
˵ʵ
ɱ¾Ѿǲֹһεľˡ
Ȼ˵δ̫ɱģЩʱȴҲҪֶβܹס
ȻԭǱڶ
ǲΪģ
ɱبɱ֮
ʱϹ̵һԼĭһֺڰٵĸо
ֹ֡ӡ
֮ڣѲӰһεĳ֣
ʱѲһˣȥȴš
ֻ׵̬úܶ˶ʮֵȻ
ϹˣǿѲһγֵʱһ˿˿ĵǡ
ڿѲģǵѾû˵ǣֻɻ
Ҫ֪
Ѳ׸ǲͬӪˣڿƺܣⲻϹЩ
𣬿ǻԵְ
׿ѲҲһĨȡ
ѲӣҲҪһҪЦĳ嶯
ѲεĿЦֹԼǣֻ鷳ƺŸոտʼ
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׿ѲҲǲʵ
һԵϹ쿴׵ֹӣϤǾ֮߱ˣ
ǰΪm£ΪҰ£׵˵
⡭ôܣ߱ɭϣôѱ䣿
ϹоԼһεıˣˣѲһжֵô
ЩһʱͲˣϹٹֻҪ֪Ѳҵ˼ɡҲýͣΪѹҲͲˡ
ѲϹҲǵͷϹٹĺˣĳȷֹӵˣȻֹܳӷֺġ
⡭߱ôأϹȻҪţǾò˼顣
ײѲʵղ˵ֻ鷳Ŀʼʲô˼
ԭΪ⼾Ҳ߷ģû뵽⼾쾹ȻѾǼ߱ҵ߱ĳһְ
ѲףҲǿЦ
Σʵ
ȷֹûκεӰ죬߱Ȼ֪ҪΧȵļƻʱʧȿ϶ǵһɵĿꡣ
ѲףҲǽ͵
ϣ߱ʲô𣿡׿Ѳʵ
Ѳ˵֮⣬ǳϡ˵Ӧñ֮߱ļҪһЩġ
ǡô죿
Ϲû뵽⼾쾹Ȼ֮߱ˣҵλߣ
ͻϢһЩ
ڵǳ׵׺ѲΪǵӲα
Ϲٹ֮ǰĳĳȻҲ֮ˡĳһɹο
׿ϹǻҵҲЦһ
ֹʾϹ˵׻һŮˡ
߱ѹǳܲġ
˵߱Ѳڵľ߱ҲһȾͿԳܵġ
ãɻŸӵҪ߱ϣĳǿԸϹٹṩһݱ֮
׿Ϲ죬ҪΪԼ׳ˣ
⡭лֹӣ
ϹҲǸмĺܣȻֻܽһʱΣֻлŲлȥ⡣
ԣϹûκεľܾ
˶˷ǰҲΪ˰ݷ˶ҽmһƲϹٹĻǰݱܣ
׵һֱȴѻȸ

⼸ֵķ˭֪ġ




3526  ľϲ
 


ϹĿף˿ҲһĿɿڴ
ڣ
д֮Ŀжǳʥһţû뵽ǰ˾Ȼ
뵽⽣ڱڶϹ𾪾Զ׼ˡ
һԵѲҲǵһ˵׵ݣڵҲǾͿԷһĸо
ôϹٹţװ뿪Цʵ
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Ϲ쿴ףϵɻȻҲûġ
˵ʲô
׿Ϲֹӣ֪ⶫӦûûд뵽
ϹҧҧĪŷұᱲģֻǵ꽣mһս֮󣬾ݴѾһϢѾǷֱˣû뵽
ǰĳҲ˵Ѿˣ⡭
ѲףҲʮֵ֪
ϾͻȻֵĽһ
ѾǳΪ׵ˣ׵ݻ𾪵ĺܡ
׵һЦ򣬾ڽСϹܷĺˣѾΪ˵ڶˡԿmҵȻҲĴ
⡭仯Ҳ̫һЩ֪˼񡭡
Ϲ˶ĵ⡣
Цһʦ˼Ѿǻָ۷״̬ҽڵ̫ϳϡ
ԭǽ˵ĸͽʵʧʧ
ϹҲ¶һ˿ЦݣǽδĻǽڵʵǲСﰡ
οǰλʦ˵ʵҲʮֵĿֲ
ѲҲǾ㵵˵mѹԺԽԽ˰
m̾꣬ʵǱϿôļ򵥡ڴ˷ǰҲϣԺĶ෽֡
׿Ϲ죬ҲЦŵ
Ϲֵ̯̯۹ȻҵȿԱģҾݲһ֮ضѡҪϵĻӦȥŶԣ
ԭھҪȥģżĻҵѾǵˡЦŵ
ѲֹӣĳϤĺܡ
ϤľͺãĳҪһˣ֪λûʶģ
׿Ϲˣ֮ҲһĨڴ֮ɫ
ϹЦŵ֪֪޲ԡ޲
ҪѰ˵Ļ߱һ
ѲҲǺǫ˵Ͼ߱һֱǸЩġ
Щ⣬ֹ׳
֪˵֮˵ǡѲһεʵ
Ϫ
ѿڶԼŮ˸Լһͬ磬ϢȻҪ㾡ȫѰˡ
ҲΪʲôͣľԭ
ԭҪŰһͬǰЩ鷳ԾͲˣ
Ϫԭ
Ѳһ׵Ļ沿Ҳ˱仯
ϹɫҲԹŹֵȻ
Ƕʶ
һЩˣԼŮʲôʱôˣ
ѲЦŵϹ϶ʶˣΪϪȴ
׸ϲˡ
û뵽ڤڤ֮ƺһ߽Լǣһ
Ϲͷȷǳһʱ䣬ֻǺ֪ʲôԭ뿪ˡ
ֹӣ˵ϪôϹףҲʵ
ǵЩԵְϪӡЦŵ

˽Ǿ㵲ѣѲ𾪵ĺܡ
Ѳ׵ַ֮壬Ҷɹ֮ѾǿȫĿ֮ˡʵѰַˣܶѰҷ˵䡭
ܶüʵ
mѾϧһдҵˣұҪġͬʱҲˣ񼸺еĴСϺ񶼲ģѾǷѰˡ
ѲףҲǳ
𣿡һεʵ
⡭ʱûУѲЦһҡҡͷ
ϹҲ΢΢ҡͷҵҲ֪Ϫ䣬Դ뿪֮󣬾Ǵδֹһ㡭
֮͵Ҳ˰ȻҲϪֻϪң
׾ı¶ԼΪֻϪ֪ԼĴڲ
ֹ֡ӣ֪Ϫġ
׵˸оûϷʱһ֮һ㴫뵽׵ĶС




3527  Ϫ
 

˾㵣
˶ѰԼ˵ҪһʱϹˣ
֪
һԵϹ춼ЩŵĿԼŮ
ԼŮһǴԼʲôġ
û뵽ǣʱŮȻ֪Ϫ䣬Ȼһ㶼֪飡
ЩĿϹƺҲЩš
ϹƶҲһĨϲ֮ɫ
֪
׿ϹЩʵ
ϹͷֹӣȻ˵ˣȻǿЦġֻ
ֻʲô
δϹ˵꣬ѾǼеʵ
Ϲֻǲ̫ȷֹǲϪķǵĻ˵ҲûʲôǵĻǺϪ𣿡
˼ȫǲ˵ĻҲἰ˰ɣ
׿Ϲ֪ǰŮʵԼġ
ϹɫһʵֹӵƷѾ֪һˣֹӡ
лҲû̫ķϻһлӡ
ѲЩĿϹĳǺܺ棬ַ˵ʲôطأǳôȻһ֪
ǣʵҲϪҲʮֵģΪϪ򣬶Ҿĳһ֮С
ϹЦһǳļ򵥡
ܹȴǺܶࡣ
ϾܶϰԵΪԽû˵ĵطԽȫ
׷ĳ֮У⡭ⲻܰɣͨĶ󰡣
ѲЩҲΪϪʵ̫ո˵˰ɣ
׵Ůˣ»ǲһ񰡣
ҲǿЦϪô󵨣һҲû뵽
ԭΪԼŮ˸ʲôɽš
û뵽ǣ椾Ȼ򣬶ص֮á
Ϲ֪ĻǺˡ
ȰϪöˣһֱû¡ʵ֤ϪǶԵġ
ϹҲЩ˵ȻҲǱϪ۷ˡ
׿ϹЦһʵô֪Ϫģ
֮ǰҸϪĹϵһֱǳĺãҲ޻̸Ѱɡʵһ͵͵ȥҲΪ˸Ϫţֻû뵽¼侹Ȼôɵ顭
ϹҲЩ̾˵Եʵǲһ
ʲôط
׿ϹЩ̲סʵ
ԼŮ˲ܹԼ˷ִ˰ɣ
ϹԥƬ̣΢̫ڣ
̫ڣǲʮ֮һôû뵽ϪȻǣǸư
ϹҲЩզ˵ȻðϪʵ̫ˣ
ʮŸͲǵĿǷΧ֮ڣû뵽˷֮ʵЩڼΪ֮˳˸񰡣
ѲϹĻҲǿЦһ
̫ڣȻʮ֮һô᲻˷أ
ҲüѣϪ֪ԼѾΣ֮ˣ
ټ̫ڣѲɾûһô
ײţ鷢ĸ΢΢
һСţʵҲġ
̫ھԲʲôСſԱģʮţǱ֮Ѿ׳ĽҲԶ˰
Ⱥţôһ֮嶼أ
οİϪʵǾѸ٣ӦҲδﵽ𾳣
⡭ҾͲ֪ˣһȥϪǱߣǺúõأ
ôһ˵ˣϹҲƺЩ죡
ϹҲǵͷȣҲǷ˵ģ̫ھԲ֪ܲʲôĿġ
ĳĻϪڻĻǺúõġЦŵ
Ϲ˼һΣյĻӦΣˡ
ð
Ϲ쿴ԼŮŵģҲ΢΢ҡͷ
ԼŮʵʮֵĵ֪նĵ
ϪΪ⣬ܹΪ˾Ķ˵ˡ
ڼλڵδҪˡ
²˳٣Ʋƹܣǻǰĺð
ѲһҲ׵ֻҪȡϪĻĲһʱ̣
ϪֶһݣǾ׵ķˣ
͸֮ǰһˣѲô˵ʵҲΪ׿ǡ
·
Ϲ˳Ŷ׺Ѳȴ෴ˡ




3528  ż
 

򣡣
׺֮ʱѲȴѾǽ֮У
Ҫ֪׺˵İˡ
ѲͲһˣкܶʶλ߱ķֵ
ıϳĻʱܶͲðˡ
ȻԸ߱ǣ̫飬ʱԼеĸ
ʦ磬ֱȥ̫ڣҲԾԾԵʵ
ɲǶ̫ڼȻλʮţǱȻʵǿᣡ
΢΢ҡͷȻǷƻ
Щüʦ磬ǾɩΣ֮У
˵Ҳ޵ǿȹȥлܹ̫ڲҽϪĻȻõġ
˼һջǾȥ̫ڡ
ʵԭ׵ļƻȥ׼ţ׼ҵ̫ҪӦûġ
һε뵽׼Ҳȫ֮ˡ
ʱԼŮȴ߲Ǹûоʲôأ
׻ûпǼ˵ʵȥԿǿߡ
Ϊƽʮֵǿģ
ͷʦĻûһҿǲͬģ
ŶȤ
ٺһЦʦ磬ǵʵҪԿ̫ڻĿԲ󣬿ʦˡ̫ڵҪסҲһ׵ɣ
Сӵһʱľ·
ҲǿЦ˵û
򲻹
ЦŵҲǱ£
ţǾȥ̫ڣϪǸʲôϪܹع飬ǿɵǧ
ҲЦϪʵ֮ǲһϣ
Ϊʵԣĵǿġ
Ⱥеһģ
ҪϪȽȺҲֻˡ
˳̫ڵķ㲻㣬Ҳû뵽ϵ˵Ĵɣ
ΪǾȻãã˺֮죡
˵Ҳɣ
ԭѾǾҪ׼ˣֻгЩ仯˶ѣ
׼иҲʮ顣
û뵽ǣȻҲǱߡ
̽ԵǰĻĲΪ׻ء
֡
ʮֵĺ׺鼸ͬʱͷ˹ȥ
֣㣿
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쿴ףҲǹһֵ˵֣Ҳңǲǿ
ֻĳЩ˽Ҫһ£ȹһӱɣ
׿죬Ҳǻָԭı
ڰֵ֣㣬Ϊ㻹ߵõʲôµˡʵڰ첻˵ģӦҲٰɣ
ԥƬ̵һҲû¡
ϪҲһʱܹ̾ģ죬ǻصԭ뷨
벻ż
ȻˣҲֻ˳Ȼˡ
ͶٺһЦߣмԼһҸܽܡԺҲõϡ
ʲôѣ׿ʵ
Ⱥ֣һһ֯ţЦŵ
ţüʵ
ƺҲǲ²⵽һЩʲôԴԭ໥õġ
ЩԴḻһһһôļ򵥡
οЩˣӦöδƿǰˡ
ЩֻǰһǵıӦöǼӰӡ
ͷҲһƺ漸ĸ󳬼ĺֹȥԺҲõ͵һЩ
һ뵽׵ƢҲЩš
ܹ׻˵˶Ǳûнô
ǱߵϢһӦþʹˣĻͲˡ
ټʵ̫æµҲϾ˼ɶ顣
Ͼ쿴޷Ტ۵ġ
ǵ꽣Զ򣬿¶޻ʽ֡
˲ҲˣӦ֪ҵƢġЦŵ
Цŵ˵Ҳǣ˾Ӧһ𰡣֣ڵôˣ
ãʱûʲôˣҲ赭д˵
첻Ϊ⣬ͷûʲô¾ͺãǻ첻ȥĻ־򡣵ʱֵһ¡
һص˰ҲЦ
һֵߣȥǱߣĵԺ˵ˡ




3529  
 

ţ
ʵϾһЩĺԷ֯һ塣
˵ţʮֵ
Щ˾ۼһҲһɲС
żÿ궼һδ͵ľۻᣬѾܳʱûвμŵĻˡ
һθջӵŵ롣
׼Ĳʮֵۺ񣬶ĽƷҲŵĴ֮һ
Ҫμŵľۻᡣ
ΪۻᣬʵϾһֶζѣŵĻҲǻࡣ
ԣŵľۻҲǺܶһǿϣμӵĻˡ
ֻҪţҲ¡
ǸžʸģЩ֮űұʵۺ
ˣ˵һıǱӰοĲǱʵ
߼֮ĻǱ׷Ķˡ
֮еĳլ
ŵڵأطŵĴͶʵģһطͨ˵ңɼ
ɶЩĳ˵ҲһȽϷĵضεһסѣ
ӣˣ
ĵǰһλŮܿӭ
˿׺Цŵӵѣ
ţôҴѻñɣֵ˵
ӵǱǵ
λŮЦһƺҲûκεֹ
㲻ǣֱӳ˽ȥ׺Ǹ
ط䱸ͦɭϰ
׽ɨһ£㷢ǰλ𾳵ǿߡ
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ֺǺǵ˵ֵʵڽţԺȻҲǿԽġĳֻǰһŵķɶѡ
˵䣡
Ѿţÿһż˼ܸߵķ
ԿŶ԰ʩǷǳĸߵġ
ҲǣϾܹļͷ֮ˡ
ôˣ
׿Ʒɴǽ뵽һ԰֮УҲЩʵ
ԭΪϰٺ˵֣û뵽ֻ߰˸Ǳġ
Ϊ֮˸ǳ󷽵һŮ
׵ĿλŮϵʱŮѾվ˹
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죬ô
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΢΢һЦ㣬˰ɣ
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˵֮˱ĽƷƣҲ׼ҵĴܼ֮һλȨأ
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ֻ˵ĹϵʮֵĲҲûʲôìܾˡ
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ټ׺Щˡ
΢΢һЦ㣬λڶύѣǣԾʹһˣ
ѣ
Ʒƿ˿ףܵüͷʵ
ͷţѣԭҾʹģֻδԾûἰ¡
ӣֵطҲĪҪ˼Ұ
ƷƵԱߣһλŽ»ɫֳֽȣȻЦе˵ţ֮еĲмѾԱˡ
ǿ˵ȷǲֵһᣡ
ƷƵ˵Ȼ˾ˣ죬ŵĹӦ֪ġԺײҪ˹ˡ
㣬ֵ֪ҲŴģЦŵ
Ʒƣڳǵ黹ҪҪ˰
ղɫӿһ֮ҲתͷƷơ
ֻƷƵʱıȻͲһˡ
жŲӣʮ֮һƽڵ
ҲƷƿȵ׷ߣΪ˵ĻҲҲվˡ
һƷһֱûи˵
Ʒ̾һҲ΢΢ҡͷ
ŲüƷƣʲô˵ɣƽȻΪʮŵڶأѲɻǲɣһεĻ᳤֮λһȫƷ£
᳤֮λҲᣬƷƵĿɿ鱨ƽǰһοܻ۶ӣʲôǻö֪˵Ǿ׼һʱ䣬¡
ƷƵɫÿ˵ĵطһǷǳġ
ֻЩһΪҪӣ֮ԲôĴ³˭Ҳ䲻
˻Ҳŭһƽǰܳʲô۶ӣ㣬º£
Сܣ㻹һǵĶ֣Ʒҡҡͷ
˿̣
һֱˣֻǸһӹѣ
Ǻܵ͵֣Ϊ֨
ĻͶŲˣͱ׸ȥˡ
ˡ
˳Ĭ֮ʣһ쳹
ƷĿǰһȥǰɡ




3530  ڣ峾⣡
 

֮У
ȻЩ
ƷƽܻһԵĶŲӵˣǵ϶һ˿ڴͽ֮ɫ
ܹ˽ŵˣȻͷĴ
ƽڣ
ڶĳţŶоһĵ
λƽڵȻӦǽŵ֮һˡ
ţ
ÿ궼ỻһλ᳤Ȼ᳤ûʲôʵȨ
ɶЩ˵᳤֮λȴǾ׷һͷ
Ͼ˿᳤֮λЩͷġ
룬һټĹ㳡㳡ѾǾۼһǱߣ
ŵĲرĶ࣬ȥҲˡ
ЩһȻǴŵδ
ֻЩƺȺûһԵͷ֮ˡ
㳡룬һΣλñŻ᳤λá
Ż᳤֮λǸˣһᣬȥӣƺʮֵϣ
᳤
һ˵ߣǸϷλŵĻ᳤Ҿ
˿ˣֻĵͷʾӦ
׿Ϸ֮ˣҲǳʵ֣˭
˵㣬һڵ峾⣡
ŲڵƽȻҲλʮţɼˣƽڸҲһȼġ
˭֪ǵһȼ
ЩŴŲǵڶȼģֻȡĵȡˡ
һȣ
ͷѾֳˣ
峾⣬ܹ˰ǣȻҲԴš
ĳڣ赭д˵
ҲûܹԼο峾ֻһŵѣ
ߣһˣ֪ڵǿˣҲЩһʶˣ
ŲӱĵĿ˿ףǹԽȻ
һԵЦһҿ㵹ǸУ˵ʦ磿

ŲŭһĿһ׼֡
һԵƷ˶Ųӵĸǰñ˿Ц
Ʒƣ㿴ǣûоʣˡǸƷӣҶȻ˺ǵͣ
ŲĹĵ˵ɫʮֵѿ
ΪĿУǰ˸ϲ̨ˡ
Ҫ֪ǿΪĵһȺˣôǶЩܹأ
ҲЩ˵λѣʲô˼
ӣΪǲվߵģΪƾЩվô
ŲҲŭɶ˵
Ҫ˵һԵƷƳ˶ܣúô
㣬ѣҲ
ˣ鵽Ϊֹ˭ٸҶ˵һ䣬ҪƷƲˣ
ƷƵ˼ЩëƤϣ
㣬᳤֮λʮֵҪһҲ֪ġǰҲ׼ˣͿ峾⵽ҪôŪˣҲתƻ
᳤ƺûʲôðɣһԲĿʵ
һ̾ȷûκεôֻǶҽ˵кܴôΪٿԡ
졭ƷüһԼĵܵܣƺ˵ԭ
һԵĶŲӵȤӣƷʲôӰ찡˵
⡭쿴һƷơ
ƷԥһʵҲûʲô˵ģѾ׼Ʒˣǵõ᳤֮λԻʱ䡣

Ųɫһ䣬˱Щˡ
ƷƵͷҲϣʱڧʲôìܣϣλҲܹȵ֮飡
ʵҲʮֵĽţ᳤֮λʵνȴϵˣ
νŮƷѾǵͣ
ֻΪ׼Һܶ鶼ҪƷ㣬ѹҲûʵˣһֱˣ
һμ˼Ҫ
ղһֱҪ׷ԼĶŲ˵ڶŲҲûʲô̫ĸоҲû˵
׼ȴҲƷһĻᣬǱһŵĻ᳤֮λ
Ŀ᳤֮λôʱ䡣
ƷƣҶһƬϣֻҪһ仰ŲӾף
ŲĵĿƷƣҲǼ˵
ֻƷ赭дһȽ˵ɣҪʼˡ
Ȼ
Ʒƻ֮ʣԭڱ֮ϵ峾Ѿǻվ
һ䡢ģȴЦ
ǻװ氡




3531  Źֵѡ
 

ţ
ȻղţҲˡ
Ϊ죬ղҲֱӻ켣߼֮ˡ
ŮĽƷƣǵӵž¾׵ӣӵ׼Ȼı
ƷƱĹ⻷һ㣡
ֻʲôıʲôʵ϶ŸԵķա
ǰλƷƱӵԼķգķһ˻ǰﲻ
ܶҪΪ׼ҵĳϧǣӵʸ򲻹
׼Ŀţ˵ʵΪĻ׼ˡ
ڵ˵νŻ˵δļ̳ǣʵİʮֵޡ
ŪõĻһá
Ľѣʱ뿪ĻЩ̫ʵġ
λŵֵܽǣټλǰӦѾʲô˰ɣ
峾ĿɨһȦˣҲǵʵ
վƷƶλƽڵЦһ֣ҿ᳤֮λһֱȥ˰˭Ҳ
ǣ֣ˣɹػǹءȻǼ˴ţȻҲýѭȥ𣿡
峾¶һ˿Ц⣬ȻǸŵƨĵʵúܡ

ƽ
ֻŶ峾ʱҪ˺ܶ࣬ܶ˸оһֺֿõĸо
ΣҵȽֵġ΢΢
峾Цһ᳤ĳģΪľǷֹ˽¡ϸȻԼҲˣԽĻ᳤֮λҲλ֮в
᳤֪һεѡʲôأ
ƷʵΪĵľһεѡѡԼĻô˿ҲҪıˣ
ʱƷƺٺһЦƷƹﵹżĺ
˵ЦˣҵȽΪעȫѣǷΪҵԸΪЧ֮ҲΪܶ˵һĻƷ޻˵
Ʒƿŷᡢã
峾Цһѡ᳤֮֮ǰλѾˣﵽҪ֮˵Ǻ᳤ܶ࣬ɸѡҲֻзƷƹԱȽϺʡ
ƽǳ֮ǿţ᳤֮λȻǺʵĺܡ
ֻҪ峾ڱֵ֧Ļô᳤ȻҲȵˡ
׼ңĲ˲֪˲ġ
ƷţǶҲŲٵĺôġ
᳤ܲλ᳤ɣ
治֪˭һҲһЦ
ȷ
˽ѡʵѾʲôˣ峾Ҳ߸ʽѡ
Ҫ֪ǣ᳤ѡĹ򵽵ʲô
峾΢΢ҡͷȻᡣȻѡȻйġÿһ᳤ѡһ᳤ⶨдŵĹģλûɣ
û飡
˽ҡҡͷʾûκε飡
ʵô峾Ļż൱ʥּһˣ
˭ĸǰ𣿿û˸ô
ܶҲ֪峾ҲмôΪѾǸ߸ˡ
οҲûʲôȨֻһͷѡ
峾ЦŵλȻûĻĳ˵˵һλ᳤ѡιĳ֮Ϊͱ
ͱ
һȦĿ峾⣬ͱҲܳΪ᳤ѡĹ
ֱ̫Ϸ˰ɣ
οͱôͷأ
ƷԭΪһѡƱ֣˭֧ʸ߾˭
û뵽峾Ȼ֮Ūһʲôͱ
֣⡭ͱǺ˼
һҲסˣһ˸ǲǵĻѾͷˡ
ǰ֮ǿΪǿĴȻǲˣ
ŷӣֲŭҲԵġ
һԵƷҲǾĿ峾⣬ΪǱѡƱĻﶼûʲôʤ㡣
Ʒƣֵ֪֧˻һЩ
峾ĻҲʱԵһ
峾Цŵƽڱ࣬׼ˡĳͱĿȻλȥ׼ǽλڴϵıóһ£˭ıأ᳤֮λ˭ģ
ԭˣƷüͷ΢壬Ҳǵͷ
һԵķﷴʵҸƷˣߵ˶㣿
ȻǶˣĳ˵ˣ˭ҲȥöЯĶ֮У˭ĶΪأ˭ǻ᳤ˣ
峾Ц֪˶Լĵƣ
һУʵΪ˿Щ˵ʲôơ
һʼ󣬽ǳľʣΪ˭ҲԸ׵ĽҿԼĵơ




3532  ͶеĶŲ
 

ͱ
Źҳ䲻ѡʽʹǷﻹƷƶڵ
˵ʵ˲ϣĳ֡
֮ǰʾ峾⣬û뵽Լĵ׼峾ˣ
ԭշĽ࣬Ѿ˲ٵѡƱ˵ȵܹһλ᳤֮λ
Ȼ˵ƺ᳤֮λں
ʵϣŵĻ᳤֮λκ˶һ
Ϊ˵λһַʽ
׼һƽڣ˭ҪԼŵӰأ
ԭ׼ǾѡģɺƷƵļ׼Ҹı˲ԡ
ֻ˶û뵽ǣ峾⾹Ȼ˹У
ʵһܴĲǷǶƷơ
Ҫ֪׼ҵĲͱĻʤҲʲô¡
ɹؼȸûκε׼
˭û»ر׼ҿӵרŲر֮أر֣
ƷƵƽʱϷõһЩʵҲԼĶѡ
ȻһЩöҪӱҲ£
˵
峾һУǽļҵӸ˳
˭ҪõλãǾóѹ׵ıˡ
ɫҲǺܺÿϾû׼ƴĲѡ
ֻƷǳƲҵӣҲ΢
Ʒһ࣡
Ųӵ鲢ǺܺãԿóƷƶԼġ
ԣһֱҲǱտڲԣ
쿴ԼĽ㣬ҲΪǵʵ㣬ϴʲôöô
ҪʤҲסأƷ֪ԼܵϲޱҲЩڴĿ졣
Цһ֮ǰϵȷһЩĶɡǡ
ʲô
Ʒƿ죬Ҳпһ¡
һλʱҰЩȥˣϾҲʮֵİȫ
ЦҲû뵽峾⾹Ȼ۶ӡ
֪Ļ϶ǽĺñóˡ
Ʒ̾һˣӦҲˡȣͿ˭Цˡ
ŲӿƷƳƷƣ鵽زһʹ컰òã
ʲôʹ컰
ƷüŶŲӣʵѾ֪ˡ
ŲӵĳһƷܹаٷ֮ʮĻʤˡ
Ŷʲô
ƷЩʵܹʤĻĿҲʹﵽˡ
ŲӰڰֵĳƷƴӦҡ
Ųӣǳ֮Σ
쿴ŶŲӣҲŭһ
ŲЦһ죬ɲô˵ɣĳһƬġؿɼ޸һɵˣ硭
ߣ֮ΣСо˾Բֵҽи
˵ȻҲ֪ʱŲӶŸɲ׵
ƷƳ죬²Ҫ嶯ȻҪʲôɣ
ƷƣֻҪͷҶŲ˶ġŲҲЦŵ
һԵʵЩȥԼǣ֮ΣСˡ״С̸Լ
ֵģڼŭ٣
Ųû뵽ֵľȻʱ廰ĵӻǺܷʰ
ƷЩмĿףͷֹ֮ŲӣǽƷˣҲԼƷƾԲƽڵв
ƷƣҲǸ˼
ŲһƷԭģ̬ͻȻҲһ
ΪԲϣĽ
Ʒһ֮ǰƷƵĶ飬ƷȻġԺ󣬶жصƷƷƵĶľţ
Ʒƣ㡭ôô
Ųӵɫǳ׵ô˵˲Ųӵӣȷܲ˵ġ
˵Ųʮƽڵˣһ˱һŮ˵ںǳ⣬ҲԽܵ谡
ˣ֮ǿѣƷֻǽѡǶƷѣǾͰƷһΣǲϡ
ƷʵлҪõŲӵİԶŲͱ˵ӣȻҲ
ϾƷƴŵ׼ңǱŲ˵вԺ󼴱ļ޸ԼҲûκεĵλԡ
ΪˣƷƵļֲûеġ
ŲЦһƷƣŴ㣬û뵽˵Ĳʶô
ŲӣνİҪõҽ㣬˵õ׼Ҳ֧֡߼ʵģҽӦ㣬ҲܴӦģ
̬ʮֵļڧƷ˵ʵЩʿ
úúãƷơ죬ȻôţҶŲӾȥˣҵҪжţ
ŲӷȥķȻҲû뵽˵ı仯
ҲǱһĻˣ
峾⿴һĻֻ΢΢֮Цŵʼɡ




3533  Ȧ׵
 

мĹ㳡֮ϣ
峾һЦӯӯģƷƺͷʵϷֱ֮ǿ
ɽۻ
峾ϣģֻҪвڵĵλǸʲôǿԵġ
һģȻһͬԿmڲĶҲʮֵļң
峾ͨʽʵ϶һӰǷǳԶġ
峾ֻڵһһȴǴڵδ
׼ΪǿƽڵĶԹȻǳϣġ
᳤֮λδأû뵽ŲѾܵ˷Ǳȥˣ
˿̵ķҲһȦ
Ȼ֪ŲϲƷƵģһʲô鼤ŭ˶Ųˣ
ڷ˵Ǻһ
Ҫ֪Ųӵıǿʮ֮һƽڰ
˳
׼ԺʲôԼأ
һ뵽ߣҲǿЦ˼֣ߣ
ŲЦһǸʵǼĺܣȻ˵Ļò᳤֮λ
һ᳤֮λѣƷںô
￴ŶŲӣҲקһ˿Цݡ
Ų˼ֵ֮ǰںǷֿ֪ܲɣһƷƵò᳤֮λĻôɾҪ׼Ŷ

֮һĨײЦݣ
٣ƷƣԭôȲΪţΪԼ˰
ҲǳЦӿȥĺǷ顣
ƷЦһ׼ҵ飬ƺҲֲܰɣοҲûκεĹϵ
ƷƣȻôҪ᳤֮λΣ
￴ƷƣҲǺٺһЦ
峾⿴Уôλ˽½ô
֣ŵĹƺҲǿİɣЦŵ
峾ͷðɣǿԴЭĻĳ޻˵
Ȼ峾ǻ᳤ŵĹؾˣ
ĻôƷƲֱӳΪ˻᳤ô
峾ҪǿȣҲǲеġ
ʱ򷴶Ǹһٿػ᳤֮λĻЩòʧˡ
οܹЭô
峾ĺܣԲʲôʡ͵ĵƣȻʱ֮ΣǾʨӴ󿪿ڵġ
Ʒƿŷǿһ˿Цʵʲôף
ƽڷ׼߳ɵķӣ
￴ƷƣҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
ĪǷˣʨӴ󿪿ڰƷЦ
ƽڵķеȷ򼸸ķ֮һ
ҲΪˣ׼ƽڷеʮֵĻ𱬡
ÿƽڵķв֪׬ȡ˶ٵʯ÷￴һļ
׼ҵʵǱߣƽڸ׼ķˣ̵ֻ
ƽڼ룬ȴҲò׼ҵĶ
һֱǴˣ
峾ŷĻҲǹһֵֹȻθںܺð
Ʒҡҡͷ¾޿ܣ
Ʒƣ㻹ǺúõĿһ°ɣ㲢ԿٺһЦ
һŭİȥɣΪľӮ۱ƽھ׼еĶ֣
ղԣƺλҲûдʲôöɣɵĺܣһαϻĴ˼öټ϶ߣӮӦûκģ
ŵ˵
һ¹˭δ֪ǿɣ
죬Ů˶磬Ϊ˭Ϊ׼ңǸ
һİĿ׼죡
һԵƷƸҪȰ裬ΪҲǿЩԾˡ
˿̣
ĻѾ˵ˣŭһ㲻ƽʲô
Ǻã׶ӣӮˣҷԺƵߣ
ŭһֻ׵Ѿǿóһˣ
ƷСܣ嶯
㣬غ㣬ҲغңǲҪ׼Ҿˣ
Ц֮еŭͿԿóķŭ
ﳰߣɣ
ߣӮ˵ĻԺ졭
ʵҲɵղֻܵ˴̼ˡ
ȻҲ׵ƺõȦ档
ֻƱǿ
ﻹδȵ˵껰Ѿǽӹ׶ˣƽ׼е߳ɷݶ͹ˡ׼ҲҶһֵĻλ͵Цɡ
ﻢ£
Ʒƴʱ죬ԥƬ̵죬δ׼ҵ֮ˣɣ
㡭
һ˹ǲҴӦĿɾ׼ҵˣ
ڵĿȻȴ˺
ܶ飬һû·ˡƽڷ׼߳ɵķݶ࣡
Ʒƿ죬һ
ʹ죡
ﲻ˵Ѿȹ
峾Ĩһ˿аЦҵĳԽԽˡ
˭û᳤֮λڶνġ
˿̣
Ѿóһöҩͨĵҩ˵ĿһӾͱ˹ȥ




3534  Ȳʤȯķ
 

ͱʼ
峾һӣѾֱóһöҩ
ǵҩϢڳ֮Ϊ֮ˣ
ԱߣŲЩ㵵˵֣⡭ǡ
ʥ
һ˿ŵЦݣһԵĶŲӿҲֱˮ
ʥʥ߲εĵҩ֮һ
峾⣬ϵöҩʱҲ۾ˣ
ö
ܹվ֮ˣûһɵӣ
ʥ벻ĺö˭Ҳû뵽ﾹȻóһ
Ʒ৵һɫˣôҲû뵽ûиԼκεĻ·
׼òҪõĶ
Ȼǣ
ƷƵóһöǲ̫ܵ顣
ʥ츳һɣиԼ츳Ȼʾ֮ãɵȷǼƷˣ
峾ֱ˵˵ȻҩòرĴ
ҩͳһǳĸˣ
峾֪ǣŻҪ˷ǳĶࡣ
û뵽ƽھȻĺöﻹóһ۰
ĴָֹȻǼʶ㣬ʥǷĳżȻõֻʮƷʯ

һӷˣʮƷʯһʥ
˵ʮƷʯˣʮڣ˼Ҳġ
ļֵѾˡ
˵ме֣
ʯҲла
Ⱦĵҩκ˵һֳջ󰡣
ʮƷʯ
峾ļ֮һˣһ˰
Ӧò֪ҩļֵʱּǮԭĳҪʮƷʯǱҿʮƷʯ
˿ʮֵĵ⣬ҩǿԴһӵ֡
ʮƷʯ㵽һ޼֮
ҿҩΪԼǿԵõ᳤֮λġ
˵ҩ÷ޡ
ԭŲΪԼĶܹƷӮԼӮˡ
ʥһöҩҪóõļǲܵġ
ʹƷǲҰ׵ɫͿԿóڲǽһ־
Ʒƣڵˣ
峾΢΢ͷȷǹã
ʥֶȻķʽõֱˡ
ÿ˶ÿ˵ڵõöҩܹƷ²̨
ֲøղ˵ĸףһѾ׼ĳˡ
֮ǰЩ֣Ϸѣ
ƷƣղŷĳѾ˵ˣ᳤֮λø㣬ƫƫҪͷǺ
ĵ֮ԱЩС˵־
ǽһŭ˵Ϊһʥͺ˲𣿡
ӴӴӴˣĳ֪׼кöֻ࣬ϧûа
ռžԵϷ磬Ȼܱŭˣ
΢΢ôҲû뵽˵һͿأһĻᶼûУ
Ʒƿ컹ҪŭԼСܵ죬׼ӮȻҲ𡣡
ǽ㣬ǹϵ㡭
ҲǼͣûκεİ취
ƷƿЦһ˸˭ŮأȻ˵İţֻˣ
˵ʵ
ƷЩĺܣԼҵǿˣȷЩ˵ȥ
ⶪĿɲһ᳤֮λ߳ɵķݶǴʿ׼ҵʿ
峾Цһʤ˱ҳ£Ҽ֮еʥҲǲˣ
֣ʵòʲôĶĻĳΪǲǿ˰
ĿΧ᳤֮λȷѾˣ
ֻΪƽ׼е߳ɷݶԭǴóġ
Ƴɹǵõ˻᳤֮λҪõʵ棡
׼ƽڵ߳ɷݶǾˮ൱㰡
ƷƣĳһλᣬòĻĳɾҪһŻ᳤Ĺ˰
峾⿴ƷƣǿֵĲ´ġ
ƷɫǺ죬ò
峾·ڵʱһ㣬Ҳһ᳤̾һΡ
֣ĳóĶӦҲɣ
ΪƷƿ϶Ǳɵʱһ쳹ȫ
˵Ŀ˳ſǿվǵİӰ




3535  ֮
 

֮У
ˢˢĿۼ׵ϣ˽ΪƷѾˡ
ܶ˶Ѿףطȡ᳤֮λˣ
˭Ҳû뵽ǣȻʱҡ
Ǽһ˭ǰôûм
˭֪أӦҲǶ۰ɣ
ǰóǿʥԼƷеļƷ
֮ʥõĶҲ˰ɣѲһУ
һ˿Եˣǲ֪׵ĵϸ
˵Ȼ֮мĲǲмȴҲûȫĽ˵
Ϊʲô
ΪϾһˣܲʲôطȥأ
֣㡭
쿴ͻȻ֣Ҳǳ׵סˡ
˵ʵ
һֱ͸ֻ֮£û뵽׻վ
Це˵֣㻹ûлشҵأ
̸СһĵͷּȻҴģǱҵѡóĶȻҲԴ׼ˡ
ߣ
컰䣬ŲӵҲһ
֣ʶˣ
ﱻ׵ͻȻָŪһЩ֪롣
ŲӵĻ˾
ŲһЦ˲ڶʶһѣû뵽Ȼ˵ţ
֮ˣ
峾ͷＸͬʱü

Щ˵ǲһ֮ء
µĽĻ˭Ҳⶫ򵱻¡
ο⽣δ˭ʷأ
ڶ˵һ
֣֡Զ򣬶Ҳһֻ֮ܣΪڶ΢һЩ͸ʴˣ
ŲǿһҴһʼ۵ܶϴĺܣ
峾΢΢ҡͷȷһĺܣȻ׶ӴģҲøһλɣ
֣ǿʱ䱦ĺܰһŪڹ֮У⴫ȥĻǲǡ
̻ӦȻԭ΢ŵҲǷˡ
һ֮ˣ˻أ
ټķֳʥҪʲôľ֮١
Ʒƴ˿ҲЩ㵵ĿףΪһʼҲǿϵġ
һ˿ʵУǲܵǣװβǣ
ǰ֮ǰŭŲӣ;Щס
ȻڰԼԼҲõԼмＸɣ
Ųӣǿƽڵʮŵ֮һ
ݣһӶܹ֮
ֻһƺܲˣ˵ʲô˵ʲô
Ʒˣ
֮ʣһһεվˣƷ治֪˵ʲôˣ
˵ɣ˼ǰԼģ
ǲ˵ɣ
ȡעȣ³δؾǺõˡ
ֹӣĪҪ߿ЦƷƿ׳
׿˿ƷƵ˵ĳֻ֣Ϊ˰һæѣĳѣĳȻ岻ݴǵġ
л֣
ŵģҲЩж˵
ƷüСܣò˻Ϊ䲻ġ
֡
Ҳһ㶣漴ЩɻĿס
ΪԼҲ̫˽ףҪȻĻҲ˵ûŰ
ЦǺǵ˵лǱûлĺðɣο˭ʤ˭δ֪Ʒƹֺαس־Լأ
㡭
ƷʵǺѣϾóĶȲ˵ĻԼ
û뵽׾Ȼ˵ĵ٩ԼȻЩû˵ˡ
ЦһˣƤӵĹǺȻʲôԱȵĹĳĻǱóˣ
Щţ׿ŷЦ
˭ˣ㻹䣡ŭһ
ȻŵĺܣǷֵΣԴʵ
Ц˼Цһٻ䣿Ǵΰ
Ƿ˵ĻöʥҿɸңǲҵĻǾ͵ĳû˵΢΢һЦ
ҪʥðˣҪĿɾͲǶˣ
￴ףҲĨһ˿̵Цݵ
֣Ҫ嶯쿴һε˳嶯Ҳǳ׵ˣ
ãȻˣĳˣ
ڿӵʱ򣬾ȻǱвȵһ㣬Щ֮֮ĸо
ţһ˶һ±Ƶĸо




3536  ʶ
 

ɫһƬ࣡
ĪֵһȻҸԼа壿
Īű׼ҳͿԲԼڶŵˣ
ֱЦ
ǷҪնɱˣһ׼Ҿס
ô㶺ˣȻŵԼ
Լһֱ˶ĵĸо
ָоǻѹԼеһǻŭʱضпܱ
ŲӿŷѾǷŭ˼㣬΢΢һЦ֣ǶĳĻ̲ư
ŵĹӦɣ
峾⿴ŷѾǵ˱ߵıԵҲЦһ
һ仰
ԭѾͲסķָ̻ƽ峾֣ҷ˵ô죿
ԼĶԹȳ⡣ڻǻ᳤ԲκΥŵĹأ˭ҪֵĻǵĳӦӦˡ
峾⿴ŷҲǵЦһ
ȻЦеģȥЩ޺˶֪λ᳤Բʲô֮ˣ
׿ŷҲǵȻһЦĪǶǷˣ治𣿡
˵˭治𣿣
һıŭһÿһ仰·ƣ
峾Ҳɫһֹӳէòð·߾ˡ֮˵Σܹеġ
᳤ԼǣֻλƺδʼҪĳˣⲻ䲻ʲô
׿峾⣬ûκεľɫ
峾ҲڵԭΪԼĻǿס׵ġ
û뵽ǣԼĻǵûסһӵ
ֲǷܲĴ̼ҲЩ̲סˡ
һ֣ŵĹ֮ˣֲ֮ˣֺαѭĹأ
㻹䲻ҵѣҪֵĻ̤ʬȥˣ
վ׵ǰ䵱˱׵Ľɫ
һĻЩжָоЦ
˵һ˶һϣΣ
ˣϻôʲôȻλֹкöóǣ
峾Ҳ鵽һҲû뵽
һ֮ˣȻ֣ھȻûκεİ취
һĵɫǳ˿Աģ
峾Ⲣɵӣ׵һȣԲߡ
̵ֻʲôһ˻ö֪
Ʒǰ׳ֹӣкöǱóɡӮ˷ĻƷǷһ飡
׼ҴС飬ǾԲ˵˵ѣ
һ㣬ڳ֮ȻҲ֪ġ
ֻȴڰֵƷСˣĳȻǲرġ
֣㡭аգ
쿴ףҲЩĿŶԷ
һԳЦһûаգҪʧˡٻҪʲôö
ö̫˰ɣնɱˣһ
ŲҲЦе˵ȻѹҲ׵ļһ
˵ʥѾǼƷеļƷˣǾԲġ
֮ܣ
һЦ˵꣬ѾǶһΪµС
ȺһǷǳģȻװĶҲǷƷˡ
øӳˣ
ü֮ҲһĨ֮ɫΪˡ
峾ЦеĿ׵ֹӿлеļֵѾǼΪĲƣĶȻǸӵˡ
˿̣
ƷƵ֮ҲһĨڴ֮ɫо׻пܹԼ
ݣ
׵һӣһεѾǽд򿪣
ֻǵ˵ʶ̽öҩʱһסˣ
⡭ʲôҩоǿַ·ʲôûһ㣿
峾˲Ŀ˿ǰĵҩһʶĸо
ҲüⶫҵʥҪãЦ
ֹӣ⵽ʲôҩ
峾⿴ףҲһεʵ
ʵϣ
óıǵʱؿżȻõ𵤣νǼĵҩ
ĵҩѾˣ
Ϊʧ̫ãܶ˸ûм𵤵׳ʲôӣ
ټƳ̬һЧҲһһûϳʵҲġ
ο֮ǰʶס𵤴󲿷ֵ
˼ʶһҲȷ⵽ʲôˣ
żר֮ƵƷƣ˿ҲһüȻһҲûϳ
һʱ䣡
ҲȻ󲨡




3537   ҩ
 

㳡֮ϣ
еĿⶼۼóŵҩ֮ϣһȥҲüѣ
ǿ֣һʱЩ޷жϣ
𵤣
̬죬ûй̶ģĵҩҲһʱ޷ȷϡ
ټʹ۷Ŷ뵽һεľء
ųƱ֮ҪǿȴһҩϲȷЩˣ
׿ǰ֮ˣЦһĪǸλϲ
⡭
峾һҲЩΣȷϲ
һԵķҲüѣʱĲ廰
ĻҪһˡ
ƷƿףҲʵֹӣɷ񽫴˵ҩƷһۣ
Ʒƹų׼ļר֮һû뵽ȻҲûпó
峾⿴ƷƣҲǲ٩һµ
Ʒ˵ЦˣƷȼʵ׼Ҳλĩѡ
΢΢ͷȻóˣȻļĻʤ֮䲻𣿡
ʤ֮䣿Ҳ֪ʲôطóƶȻ͸ߴʴʣ
￴ףҲĨһ˿Ц
һԵĶŲҲǲмǣöҩȥʵͨĺܣ治֪ţ
λ˵ҶôȻǿǱ㿴⵽ʲôҩˣ׵˵
㡭ҵֻǲóѣǵŲŭһ
ҲУ
ֱ˵˵Ե֮ԣ֮峾һЩ
峾Це˵ֹӣ˵Ҳûʲô˼Ȼ֮ʱʶöҩ֮治УһЩҩʶҲǺҪսĸ֣㻹䣡
峾ȻЦŵģ֮ѾĨһ˿ɱ
ʵ̫һЩ
Ȼ˶УȻûֱӸԼȥ
˼˵Ŀ⻹ͷһΡ
ΪŵεĻ᳤峾ҲбҪΪͷˡ
Ļ᳤ǳ˰裿
Цһ£֣һСĴָȲϰ
ѿ֮棡΢΢һ̾
Ʒʱ˵ļۣĽӹеöУȻϸĹ
뿪׵һ˲䣬ԭαװҲǳ׵˺ȥ
һɱǿѹϯţ˵ȵҩѾӵ൱
ȵҩٸһʱ䣬¶ܹҩˣ
ˣöƺҲЩɾĸо
ݣ
ȻֱӴƷƵҪɶݶȥ
ҩ飿
˿̣
ƷֱӾһҲûţֱһץסǵӰ
ɵһζ֮Ҳǳ׵İˣ
ҩ飡
Ǵ˵֮еһַǳⵤҩҪ
һ㼫ΪĿ̣Ǿȵҩȼĵҩ
ڶǱöҩ꣡
ʵڶڵһǾͺðˣֻҪʱͿˡ
ɲֻдﵽҩͿġ
Ҫ֪һҩĻôⵤҩļֵҪαˡ
ԭΪƷĵҩֵĻöҩľ޼֮ˣ
ԣһƷ⼸ֵʱ򣬼ڵ
ǷͶŲһɫ˵һС
Ȼǵڻ֪öҩʲôҩ
ɽⵤҩĸ֣ԴݻһУΪⵤҩ粢ʲôܵļأһʶĶ
ֻⵤҩȷǼΪĺԺܶҲֻ˵ȴδ
ţҿһĻԺȥʱҲǱˣ
ҩ飿Ʒƹȷ
峾⿴ƷƣҲǾֵʵ
ƷƵɫ죬һ˵ûûҵüҵȼʦҫ
ҩ飬ⵤҩѾλжˣ
峾ҲЩĿǿŵҩ֮Ѿųˡ
ǶĵҩԲܳⵤҩġһҩ飬λӦ֪ⵤҩЧӵġöҩӦ֪Ψһһ
ƷƵһ仰˵ĿⶼѾ׵ϡ
˴ѣ
ڳ֮˼װ棬˵ıҲòĶˡ
ƷƶӣһҲЩûзӦĹ
˵ʵ
öҩһֱ洢֮У˭뾹Ȼ£
˵ǻ£ϾⶫԼ
㣬ô˵Ӯˣ
ʱƷƣҲǼʵ
ÿһ׵ĳƺܹϲ
ƷƼ˵Ȼ֪öҩʲôѾӮˣ
ʱƷƿ׵ҲѾЩ仯ˣ
ˣڲһ˲䣬ƺô˧·רΪԼ




3538  λ᳤
 

֮У
ͶŲһֻۣǴӶԷ֮жĶͬϢ
Ǳɱ
ǷﻹǶŲӣǶû뵽һﾹȻӵ˵
ҩ飡
Ҳ̸⵽ʲôҩܹõҩĵҩǼƷеļƷ
ʥҲǹʸģ
ʥû飬ǸҩѾˣ
У
˭֪öҩյ˭ӵİһЩˣ
ʦδ
һĸооԼûи˹ˣͱ˶ɱˣ
ָоʹ࣬һ˲Ӭĸо
оŭǣԼ׵õʥѾǳΪһˡ
ǿ벻̣
Ȼʮֵѿһо·˶Ц
ŲӸӵĿѵѾʮֵĿɳˡ
ԼѹҲûаϷæȴⳡԡ
ӽԺ󣬿ľͳΪһЦˣ
֪Ժ󣬿Լһ˳λʸҪûˡ
˭ҲһЦ֮˵ʮδɣ
ɱǴ˿Ѿ˽׳׵ɱľˣ
峾΢΢һЦƷСרҵҵȻŵġһ£һλ᳤׼Ʒƣ
һΪܶ˶֮ˣ
ƷƳΪ᳤ȻҲ̫ų⣡
ǷﻹƷƣǶν
峾һαѡȴǿһϷ
ҩ飡
ⱲҲǸղŵһĻˣ
л᳤
ƷṪֻĿ⻹ǶԼеöҩϡ
Ʒƿһ۲۵ԣڼʮֵĿ̿࣡
ϻ᳤һ̣Ȼоǰöҩϲδ̫ļ֮ɫ
лһжʵġ峾ЦЦת׵ֹӣԭĳΪֻװѣû뵽㾹Ȼӵ˵ĵر
˵ЦˣĳҲһЩѣ
ʵΪȽϵĺã֮ǰؿǰ˵Ļöҩǵò
Ȼ׵ӵŲٵĺöһóʥõĶЩΡ
ܲڽͱԴʯóɣ
ܹӵеҩĵҩֹӿ¾ôļ򵥰ɣĳҪ֪öҩʲôҩ
峾ҲһʵѾĸƷƽʲôˡ
ЦһƷƹﲢ˵
ֹӣٸҼӵʱ䣬Ʒʵо͸Ļڹ֮Σ
ƷƵ֮ƺЩ֮ɫʵЩġ
ԣʱ䣬ĳҲҪúһʥˡ
׵Ҳǲżеʱ䣡
ߣûã
ҲһֱӽԼеʥ˦˳ȥ
ȻЩʹѾŶˡ
ңڵĿɲǶԼʥҪıӵŵҩĵҩˣ
峾ЦŵĳҪϲˣ
ˣҲǻӦ
һʱ䣬ⳡƺһε˳֮У
峾⿴ףԥ֣֪֮Ƿеöҩ
ҪЦеʵ
˶ҪõĳȻҲף
峾⿴ЦݣϷˡ
ֵͬĶĳȻҲνˣЦŵ
⡭
峾һЩˣȻڹΪһţĵر
ܹղöҩᲢ۵Ķûˣ
֣ԺлĻĳҲνֻĳֲϤԡ
Ҳ֪ҪԿmǰ֮òҪĺã
ĶԿνһš
ͬʱԸmȻ׵ʵûдﵽ˵ĵز
ᣬҪ飡
峾⣬ȷһԽύĶֻǶƷ׻Ĳر˽⣡
峾΢΢һЦȻ˵ˣĳͱ˾Ͳ̫ˡֻĳҲǺһ£Ӧ֪ԼĴɣ
ֵĺĳˣʱĳԻݻڣһΣ
׿峾⣬Ҳν˵
ͶŲӶ˵ûκεв
ǣĳƽˣһ
峾һҲˬʵЦʱ˵ĵȷҲﻰ
ֵļһĸһĸоִݺţ·ֻĸϼ
Զ֮˵ŵΣ֮УȻûκεĵӣ
統Լĸȥmǿʲô
⡭Ǵ֮е𣿡
峾֮ʣƷƴһ˿˵Ŀһα
һѾȻˡ




3539  ϻ
 

һ˲䣡
еĿѾǾۼ׵ϣ𵤣Ѿܾûгֵĵҩû뵽Ȼһεĳˣ
ǵˣ
ⵤҩȻˣ찡
ԭѾǹˣҩ飬Ǿ벻ġ
˵ҩ˵ֱܹΪŴһλڵǿߡ
ŷĵҩĻǾ͸ˣ𾳺ҲǺɵġ
˵ȵҩֱΪŴһλ𾳺ڵǿߣǾ˴ˣ
𾳺ڣ
κһţǾǺеĺģ
ںǿǶ𾳺ǿߵҲʮֵĵġ
˵ҩκһżҪΪ֮ˣ
ҲΪʲôһʼôҲⷽȥһԭΪʵ̫䶯ˡ
𵤣Ϊֿȵĵҩû֮һˣ
ʣʲôҩܹͳ𾳺ڵǿأ
ЦһԭĳΪֻһöͨ𵤶ѣû뵽ö𵤾Ȼҩ飬ʵĳҲЩľϲ
峾֮гĽ֣öҩشǲ
ֹӣƥﻳô򵥵ĵӦöɣƷҲǵѾǸܵ˷ͶŲǺɱˡ
ʱ򣬼ƷҲǺѱ֤׵İȫ
ͶŲȻܶ׼֣Ͼ׼ұ˵ĺ̨ҲΪһŵҩŵ߸ġ
׾ͲһˣԶ򰡣
־ͺ޹˼ˣ׼ôΪһ֮˶ǿأ
ǿҪ׼ҵĸ
˶ӣȻ᳤֮λѾأֹӵһΣ
峾⿴ףҲ
ͶŲӾôףȻûκεѾ˳׼
׸峾ȥҲǻһȻţ
ֻ˭֪׳ȥһ̣ӭıȻɱ⣡
ŵЩˣһȻҲԸȥ
ȻǺ뽫𵤳ϢٵĻȥԼļţǸҪյĹΣ
峾һһ
ҲԭʵһӰ˭ܹ֪򵽵أ
Ż
ʱѾһƬΧ𵤵Ѿ糱ˮһ㡣
ʱĻڣ峾֮⣬׼ҵĽܻ飡
峾ⶼͷԾȻһģˡ
˷ֱǱߣһ峾ĵûλ׶
֣ûˣĳҲͲڲҴˣղŷͶŲӵҲˣǻŹ𣿡
峾⿴ףҲǳ
ǰֹӣղŵڽĴǱ߰ɣҲҪһЩΨһķ¾Ϣһʱˡﻹǰȫġ
ƷƴʱףҲǳ˵֮ɫ
ǰȥ꣬û뵽ʱ̾ȻȫԼ
Ʒû뵽ǣԼƽһοĵҩ飬Ҳġ
ص꾿˭
һ̣Ʒڶǰ˲ŨȤ
׿Ʒƺ峾Цŵƾ䣡
ֹȻǰҲҲڶֹˡ
峾⵹ҲǴף˵Ļʵ
ƷҲЩʱֹˡƷƼʶǳֹ֪ӳţ
׵ҲΣҪ֪Ժȥ׼һڣǶҪıġ
Ȼ쵽̶ȣ峾ȴϹϵҲ޲ɣ
ĳӦ֪İɣЦŵ
һֵֹǽ֮ˡ
ڣ
Ʒƺ峾ͬʱɴ۾ףȻЩסˡ
ôλţЦǺǵʵ
ǲţֻ⽣ڲѾƷƲһ˵⽣ѾҪˣջɲɲסˣ
峾⵹ֱԲᱲģm֮ҵȻĿֻ񱻶С˷ҲѾĺɽ治ֹ֪ӵǿأ
λϻӦ÷һˡ
׿׼ҽܺ峾⣬Ҳεҡҡͷ
ԼбҪһε½ܽˡ
һ̣
ҲӦһεĳ˵߷Χˣ
ϡϻ֣մӶûж೤ʱ䰡ôϻأ
峾˵еģȻ׸˵ȷ档
ƾĳ˾ſ⣬ȷЩ̫ʵ
֣ں׼ڶ򲢷û鱨ֻҵȽûյϢ
峾΢΢һЦһԵƷҲ΢΢ҡͷʾ֪򵽵׷ʲô
Ȼ峾Ʒҡͷ֮ʣ峾ԵǸģȴվ˳




3540  ӵ峤
 

峤ϣôˣ
峾⿴һԵλģӣҲʵ
Ȼ
ʱ峾ҲЩ죡
һԵƷЦŵӦлҪ˵ɣ
峤ͷҲ²ĲĻǰ֮Ӧ½ڵɣ
⡭ôܣ
峾˿̿ףоһĲ˼顣
һԵƷƽҲĿɿڴĿŶףȻҲʮֵĳԾ
죬Ӷ뿪ʱ򣬽ڼ
żĹ׾ͳΪ˽ڵˣ
оȵǣȻ˼ܵ
Ϊ˽ڵʱӦǽͷöɣ
ǰ֣֮ǰǷֱʱ񡭡ҲЩ㵵ʵ
ƷҲǵͷԴӽŷұӱm֮󣬽һ겻ڶѾǱѹĴˣֹʱΪǳΪ˶ʸ֮ô
ƷƶԽڵ˽⣬׳Ϊ˽Ҳάְ
οʵ̫ˣ
ҪסǰˣûκεĿԡ
ã
Ӧ֣ȻʱѾҪ̫׸̫ˡ
Ȼ
峤ϿƷƣҲЦһƷƴСˣҲżϹ㱨һԭֻû뵽Ȼλ氡
棿
峾ǾЩˣ˵ʵ׸ĸоĺܲ
֮ǰ״²ӣǶŨȤ
峤ϾȻôݣ峾оʵ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪峤鱨ϵͳͷˣʵ̫̫ˡ
ۣ峾ǵһ
׹ֵ峤ˡ
ƷҲȤ峤ϣ˵˵£ôʹ˰
ǰҲǶֵĴĸȤ
峾˵ʱЩˣ
Ͼ
ΪڵҲĽġ
峤ЦŵĳƽˣһӦ֪ġһˡ
峤ϣͱ˰峾ҲƵ
峤΢΢һЦż˵֮ǰĳӣ
峤ϣҲһˣðɣһ֪һ֪Ҳν飡
峾Ҳν˵ֻ֮еѾ˵һС
ƷҲ̵סǺ֪һеô£
峤ϵӣҲЩˡ
ĳҪһƷƴСͶӣҪһͳҪã
峤Ͽ峾Цʵ
һͳҪķѺܳʱ䣬һ֮ºѰ
峾ʵǵ˵Ҳ֪Ҫͳһ򣬲һ׵顣
򼴱Ҳһ֮ذ
ƷҲǵͷҪͳûиϵʱ䣬޿ܡ⻹ǿѹ֣Ҫܡ
ƷСԼǣڵʵȻҲûпһؾͳ򡣡
峾ҲǵͷֻЩ֣峤ʲô˼
ƷƺҲЩӦʵ峤ϣҽѾһͳ˰ɣЦһ㶼Ц
ǰ峤ϣ˵׳Ϊ˽ŵģ˵ѾһͳǾͳˣ
峾⿴峤ϣҲЦһΪǲɵ
峤Цŵȷô̵ʱһͳ򡣡
׹һֵ峤ĪҪĳѰˣֻm̫ǿҪһЩԱѡ
Ҿ˵峤ʵҲ̫һЩһΪҪʲôأ峾ҲֺǺǵ˵
˵ʵ
֮ǰ峾⻹ǻɹΪ峤ϾԲ޵ķʸġ
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ǺðɣȻżˣĳҲͲˡȻûһͳ򣬿ǴڶӦɣٶѾǽ˴ССŶ˽ڵˣ
峤ϵһϯֱ˼ž




3541  𾪵
 

Ż
峾ӶˣղƺоԼĶ⡣
һԵƷƽҲǺòȥǻһۣǴӶԷ֮ж𾪡
ڽеŶΪã
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ǶǵģҸǵزС
ƷҲЦһһʱ䣬ĵǳ˾ζ




3542  ڿ
 

֮У
˿ŵλ֮⣬Ҳʣ峾ȼ˶ѡ
֮ǰ᳤֮λŸ·ѾǾȥ
ȻͶŲӵ˾׼ɱ׵ˣ֪ѾҪˡ
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峾⼤˵ʱѾЩ׳ΪСܵˡ
ֻϧǣڵĿӻûԼӹ




3543  ֮
 

֮У
峾⻹֪һ׵Ĵ֮У
ûоԵİգô˵Ķעأ
峾˽ףô´Ҳڶˡ
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Ҫ֪Σû˸ĸǶˡ
ҪһἸûеġ
ټԺգ˭ָ峤ڸ߲أ
Ψн죬ƺһսӣ
ݣ
ûκεףȭͷѾǳ峤ϵĸǰӿȥ
ণ
һ̣Ѿǳ峤ϵĸǰ
䣡
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ολǿߵĶԿľأ

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Ȼ֮䣿֣ǸϽʦְɣ֮治ǿЦİһŪǿɾξ³
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һʱ䣡
֮λǿҲĿɿڴĿǰľʵû뵽ղǸȥ޺ˣȻôţ棡




3544  Ӧ
 

֮䣡
ǿľѧ
˿̣
ǵصѹѾǽ֣ʱȴɱ¾ķͶŲҲһü
Ѿ뿪ţȻ֮ǿϢȴ֪ô£
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峤ϵɫһķ࣬Ŷ˼飬ʵǲ˼鰡
峤֮ȷ˹Ŀ࿴ȹ˲Сﰡ
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ǫһЦʦɱٺ٣
⡭ôܣ峤Ͽ˿飬Щֵתͷ˲Զף
ʱЦе˵Ʒƹ˰ɣ




3545  
 

֮У
ղһŵ֮Ѿ˼ĺ䶯
Щŵĸ֣ʱ׺ĿⶼѾǱ
ʵΪ
ɽˣˣ
峤ϵıԣ˲òǰ
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⡭ôܣmҪ򣬳ˣ峤ϲŵҡҡͷ
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峾üҲûпܣm֮ĴδϹĺƽദʱδѡ
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΢΢ֵЩ鲻ȥ϶ûнģݺɣλ˭̫Ϥģ
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ƷƿףҲ˵
峾Цŵ磬úõ̫ڸʲôȷ鷳ϣ
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˵ҲǺЦĺܣɻħڵ̫ǱˣħڵǰҪ˵ءʮֵ֣ȻҪ̫ڵĴСļŮȥɻħڵǸ
峾˻һһ˲뵽һõĿܡ




3546  ̫
 

ɻħڵ̫ڵľˣɻħǸʲô
׿峾⣬Ҳüʵ
̫ôţģȻǺǵĻɫˣ
ɻħڲţħʮ֮һ峾⿴ףЩ㵵˵
Ȼû뵽׾Ȼ֪ɻħڵĴڣ
ƷƵͷħ·;ҲǺңԶΪλĽҲ첻µزµ˵ûһԸħ֮ˣ
ħ֮ΪĹ죬ԼmҲĸо˭Ҳ֪ħm֮䵽ʲôȷȣħƺӵĽ磡
峾⿴ףҲǵЦһ
Ϊһŵ峾ħ֮˵Ҳûʲôνġ
ħ֮˳ϹˣܵûȤġ
ħ֮Թ죬ô죬һжҪʵ˵ġ
ˣھʵǰһнޣ
һŽĺܣһѰ˷֧Ԯ̫вΪβȥæأ
׵ûʲô飬ȥֻǺʶѡ
峾Ϊζ̫ôȤĪҲ̫ڵλСˣ
ƷһԶףȥڸ˵Լһľִٲ
εҡҡͷûмϸʲôֻڵԷһֱѶ˷֪п̫ܳڣԡ
ɩʲô֣峾Ҳסˣ漴ʵ
ԥһĳλֻʵЩ⣬ĳۼȲҪĺá
Ȼ粻͸¶ҪȻǾȥ̫һ⣿峾⿴ףҲЦǺǵ˵
һԵ峤ϵ̫ڵ漰ħ֮ˣʮֵ⣬Ū»¶˷
峤ϣħǰ˲ϺѣοǵĿֱָ̫ڣбϵôô
峾ȻɵӣɻħڲΪһ˾˵ġ
ôһǵĵģֻ˲֪ǵĿ굽ʲô
Ʒ׵ĻȻЩʧ䣬һ˵㣬˼ϲ˻߱ϲǺô
һ뵽ߣƷѾһεĵԼ̬
峤ҲǵͷԼǣǣڻĴ磬Ӧðҵķ˰ɣοһķ˾ǼŮ֮أ
Ļʱ·ɱľͱˣ
峾ҲǳͷȻҲѾͬƷƵĿ
ɻħħλʮţǵʵΣ׿峾ʵ
ǿ峾⿴ҲħȻֻλ֮󣬿ǵʵӦò֮¡
ǶУǷڴ鷳׿峾ʵ
峾ͷȻУĸɻħڵ˲һĻôᱬһЩìܡȻЩĻὫԭħmһ
峤ϰڰֵûôأһɻħҲħŪ˴ɻħڵĿģͺðˣ
ħԵĺܣǸûκεĿأ峾һε˵
粻ֹħʮ֮һͻȻȺǿĵط᲻Ҿ֪ɻħڵλħҲΪˣȻ׵ˡ
峤Ͽ峾ˣҲЦһ
װ˵ʵֻܹµԭ
ԭǲǰ˵ϪݵģϾݻһεķ
ڲ˵ǲˣΪϪıɻħڵ˴ߵĻľ͸ˡ
񣬻峾˳Ľ
Ͼ峾ŵڣŵΪš
ǿҷ˵ˡ
峾һͷˮ֮ʣ׵һ˸оһĲ졣
磬㡭˼ǳŴɩȥģ
峾⿴ףҲЩƵʵ
ĳúпܣҪϿȥˡ
׿峾⣬Ҳһεü
峾⿴׵磬Ȼ˵ˣ۴ɩǲǺⰡڸǣҲи׼
ԭĳȷǲ˵ģΪϪʵ̫⡣׳
ϪôôĶ죿ƷƿףƺҲ˳˼֮С
ĪĪǸ֮İϪ
峤Ͼһ֮һҲǷӦ˹˲ֳ˾֮ɫ




3547  ħ
 

֮У
峤ϲΪϢ֮ڣ
תصȷǷǳĿ죡
֮壡
峤ҲǰٰѰңһ͵õŮˣ
ֻû뵽Ȼ˸ˣΪŮ˲˾뿪ʱ
׵ĳָ峤һƹ
ԣŵһʱ䷴ӦϪǰϪ
ֻڻûȷڴĿף׵ķ˵ĻǶھԲʲô¡
Ҫ֪֮Ⱥƻܹ󼰵ġ
ֻҪĻĳҲǺѵֵϪŭġ
Ȼ֮ݵʱ䲻һطʲô仯ľˮܡ
ȵӦʱ򣬶ؿˣ
ҲΪʲôἰ֮ô־һԭ
֮壿ôܣ
ƷƵһվоôĲ˼顣
쿴ҲǼʵ֣˵ɩľ֮尡ͺ˰
ʲô¶һ˿Цʵ
̵Ҹ״˵֮ΪܹĹΪ̫ˡֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬һʵǿĺףĳţҲҪʧء
峾ҲǿЦһǰǴɩĻǶ˵Ǻˣ
峤ҲεһЦ˭ԿĳЦ֮еһĨΣ
Ϫȷ֮塭
һȷˣżǱ飬ҲǺΡ
峤ϳ˵ĻַӦþǱɻħڸˡȻֶΡ
֮ǰ˵ɻħڵ˿϶ʲô۶ӣԭҵȽΪһﲻǺɫѡû뵽Ȼ˾ܣֵĻǻǵóѰ
峾Ҳһĺ£֮ıħһõĻ
ħڿҪ֮ˣ
һʱըߣ˭Ը쵣أ
òǱ߻
Ŷ԰Ϫһ̬ȣҲΪʲôϪһֱӲдĻŵһԭ
Ϊɽʱ֪Լԣһֱŷ͵˵ĵ
˷̫ڣϪѾǾܵԼϢ
ϵǿߣǿıܿģ
ֻⳣںӱвʪЬ
ѰǿߵȷǿʣΪһЩϢš
ֻѰ֮ˣ𾳺ڵǿߣεģ
峤ϴ˿ҲǺݺݵĵͷԼǣҿ˵ˣĻҵȶȻ˼ħڵ̫ġ
ıڹܲˣ˭ҪǶϪǱ֮أ
׵֮͸ŵһɼΪǿӲİ
峤ΪҵȺǰܲûǲĺáܹ͵Ϯȳ˵ĻǸˣ
峤ԼǣǷ֮ĻʱһѪսⲻˣɻħڵıҵնɱǴӦ֪ġ
峾˼֮Ҳǿѯʵ
׵ͷţ˵ħҶҪһˣ
ŶħҲʶ֮ˣ峤ҲЦǺǵʵ
ʵħô˵˿϶ǲʶġ
û뵽һڣ峤Ϻûһĸˤȥˡ
죿˵ӵħһսƺŵô
峤ϿףҲʮֵĲ죬״˿̺úõأ
Ӧĵͷ
峤ϹһЦһˣĲʶģսǾ̫Ϥˡû뵽Ȼʶ˵
Ŷħǡ
ҲЩƵ峤ϣħ֮»Ĳر˽⡣
峾һԹһֵô˵ɣħĵλҸ࣬ҪǿһЩֻϧǣƢʮֵĹŹ֣Լû˿Ըӽ
Ŷͷû뵽Ļ԰
ԭǼһҡͷ̾ӣΪһĺܲأû뵽λôĸߡ
磬ͻȻ졭峾ⲻ֪ʲô˼ѯʵ
װڰֵ˵Ժпڸλһɣĳֻ˵սЩѡ
磬ƺڵŸ㡮ʬذɡ
峾˿ҲЦݣҲ֪ͶŲ˵˼
ֻԼУǰΪǵļһﲻǸЦѣ
峾⵹ڴһһıˣ




3548  ŵķ
 

֮⣡
ͶŲվǱߣƺȴЩͷˡ
ֻǼǲͷҲҪȣ
֪Ȼȥˣ
ŲӿŷҲȻŵӦѾǴˡ
ΪûлصţƽڻƽڶûյϢ
ЦһѣֺôĽţ
һоЩŹ֣ǱȷҲ׼ڳĶɱһĻ׼ҡ
ŲӺͷﲻһһǸ͵Ӳ
λʮŵŲƺҲһǽ֡
˭ҲܾŲӵļ룬Ϊıŵƽڣ
ֻǷһǿŲˣһζŲͶ֮
ǿסˣ
񿴵ŲǱߵ׼ңҲû˵˼ȫֻΪһѣĸƽڿսɣǲ̫СһЩˣ
Ų߽ɱ˶ˣʱǿҲΪʸ֮İ
Լãƺûо˼Щ⡣
ŵԼԼʥôܷŹһأ
Ǳ˵䲻Σ
ҪûԼĶҪѾǵҩ𵤡
˵𵤲֮أ
Ȼ峾ҪȻͽȵˡ
ŲӿŲԶŵڣ𵤿ºܿͻΪ̸۵Ľˣ
ΣﲻмĿŶŲʵ
Ųü֣ĪڸװɵɣõĻԺеͣô
ƺЩˡõöҩ֮󣬷ĳȻֱӷã˾Ҫõ𵤣ҲѾûˣ
ˣ𵤵ȷΪ˰ʾǿ߽𾳵ġ
ǵҩ֮ͲһˣǿкܴԼ츳ġ
ոս𾳣ʱö𵤵ЧǻԵġ
ǡǶĳҪ֪նɱ˶֮󣬶ĳԵõʲô
ŲӵСһתҲ˷ʵ
һ㶣漴һֵ֣ʥԭǷĳУ𵤶ӦҲɣǴ˻ʲôĺöʱĳȻһЩֵģ
ŲɫһӱѿԭΪԼһȻᱸӡ
ôҲû뵽ﾹȻôĶԴԼ
ֺã
ŲʵѾЩںԼĴˡ
ֵ֪ȻôתҲŷ߶ˡ
ƺоͷͷֺˣ
ŲӿŷЩ˵ֵʵѾǾ˽֪ˣĳΪ˴ӦòҪĳ˰ɣ
֣֮оԲֹôһĺö۹ҪŵĳԶһЩ
üͷһ壬û뵽ŲӾȻʱԼˡ
ŲӸҪ˵ɵŵһγӰʱҲ̵֣ߵԺ˵ɣǼȻˣǾֱӶְɣ
ãԭΪڴ˵أҲŷΧ˲
￴ŶŲӣҲ
ŲЦһ峾Ǹһ˭ĵؽϸǹȥˣ
Ҿ峾˸һĻǿɾͱˣ
֮оûκεĵȻǣ
ʵµľ峾˸һĸһĻǵʱҪᱦѶȺܴˡ
رҲἱһʱġ
֮ڶ֣ڿԼ׳ֲذɣ
ﲻֵĻʱһ˭־Ͳö֪ˡ
峾⣿һֱҪͳţôܸƷƻһأ
ŲӾ峾ܸƷƻ켣һ
ֻ֪Ϊ׵ԭ峾ǻ켣һˡ
Ǵ۾Ŀ峾Ҳúһˡ
˿̣
׺ǵĳ峾صطŻ˽Ų
ʵǾҪЦѡ
峾⿴ӦҲնɱǰһɣ
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ͶŲӵӰʱѾǳ˵ĸǰ
׵Ŀһ۷ĳȰһΣòҪ֣²ܹܵġ
û뵽㻹һĿԭΪӦǹء
ЦһʱĶŲӺͷѾǽ׺м䡣

һȭӰХѾһƬž
ŲӵĵʱѾƿһָСĶЩɫҰ׵Ŀ׺飬ʮֿ־壡




3549  õ
 

ԭΪһȥǸЦһ㣡
ǶŲӣ
Ϊƽڵڱ˴ƵĿ࣡
ЩҪ֮ˣ񿴵ľ棬ҲѾһʱҲˣ
Χ
Ųӿ𾳳ڵǿߣȻո̤𾳳ڣҲ𾳵ǿ߰
ҵ谡Ӷôôţ
һֱӷ˶ŲӣǷˣ
̻զأʵȷǱȶŲǿһЩҲǿһѣ
¿кϷ˰£϶Ҳûʲô³ˣ
ǰʵžͻȥˣǻһ˸ûߡ
˵Ҳûʮⵤҩ𵤡
ǲʹŵ濴Ϸˡ
ֻԭΪķͶŲɱ˶ᱦĳûг֣ǳǺŵĳ棡
Ųӱˣ
һĻǾ֮е峾ƷƵҲɫһ䣡
˿̿飬ԭһ˿Ѿʧ
ȡֿ֮־壬һ㲻װġ
㡭㡭ʲô
￴һĳԼ߹ٿŲӣǻˣ
õƺֻһ˲䣡
֮ǰŵķһǳ׵Ŀˡ
ʵˣԼڶŵΪϳ峾֮˭Ҳô
峾⣬ҲȻ׵Լôģ
ԣ첻µزµӡ
ֻǵΣٵһ̣˭˵Ķ졣
۸˿ԣǱ۸Ǿǲϰߵġ
Ǹ鳰ղҪɱʦģҸʲôǿ϶Ա
鿴峾⣬Ҳû˵
ɱ֮˾Ȼʱ˸ʲôȻʱķ￴ȥΪĸЦ
ʵʵһ㶼Ц
ĭֻǡ
ֻʲôֻǿǵʵˣ׼ǰɣ
鿴ŷ˿û׼λڶŵһӡ
ķ֮ӿһС
Σ
׿ŷﵭ˵ĳԷһãƺ飬ǵôߡ
ôҪָо̫ˡ
ڵһﻢµĸо˵ĻӲӲ֮дŵһĨ֮ɫ˭Ҳóġ
ĳɱ㣬ǡ׿һ۷ŷǽı飬Ͼɱһݡ
ﳹ׵Ļˣû뵽һﾹȻô˵˵Ļ
Ҫ֪ƽڿĵڶŰ
ǶŲӵӻľͳڷĸǰòŴǿóġ
һʼڣδĿǰˡ
ȻԶ򣬿ɷôоһе㲻Ծ
ﲻԾһʱỹ˵
㡭ɱңҲ򣡡ּҲŭһ
ŶĳԸһԣĳ׳˻ǳ򣡣
׿ŷ·ڵ٩һ㣡
ǷԼǶĲ𰡣ĻôԺˣҲ˰
磬
׺ͷ֮ʣ峾ҲǴ˳
նɱͶŲӵĻôľˡ
磿
ﾪֵĿ峾⣬û뵽һ°峾⾹ȻΪ硣
ղ֮е׷ʲô飿
һӵ뵽˹ȵףôҲû뵽ᷢչһ
ڵȻһ֮Ϊ磡
˵ȥ˭Ű
ŲӣҪնɱҴ磬ֱǿŵˣ˵ʲôĳҲܳǣ
峾ŷѾɫҰ׵ĶŲӣҲŭ
ŲӴ˿ɫɷףһôĲ˼飡
Ѿû˼Ѱ˼ˣΨһ뷨ǱסԼ
ܣǵ˵ôǾôɣӡЦһ
ʵײնɱڶŲҲǲնɱġ
ҪնɱŲӵĻһѾǹˣ
ҪѰ֮һһζĵȻʲô֮٣
л磡峾Ҳǹ
ܿŷͶŲӵŸʲô
˲ֻʶӣֻ˭Ҳ֪׻ᷢʲô飡
ڵ̬ˣԺĹϵøӵĸӡ
ӵŵҩ֮ˣ˭
һ˵ȴɻ뿪ţʲôǲö֪
Ǽ˶һָоǱδԲƽ
׵˳̫ڵķ˿̵Ҳʮֵļ
ΪϪҪžˡ




3550  
 

̫ڣ
ʵ̫ڲ룬ıԵλã
׺鳯̫ڷ򼲳۶ȥ
峾ȴûиϣԭ峾ƷƵǴֱӹȥġ
׾ɻħڵƲʲô˳ġ
ˣ˼ȥ֮󣬻峾ƷƸԻȥˡ
ȵʱĻȥһһŰݷã
ʲô鶼ԲȴһҪǾǾȳԼŮˣ
ʵϣ
ҪȳϪʲô£ʵڼȳϪô
ֻ׶̫زģûȷϪ֮ǰȻҲóȻĴС
ʱħìܣת޵ϣǾͲ̫ˡ
׺̤̫ڵһ̣ǷƺַǷ
̫ΧķҲûʲô̫ı仯
ʦ磬ֱӽȥ
鿴ףҲѯʵ
ҡҡͷ˽һ˵ɣôóȻȥĻƺЩ̫ã
زģ˭ȥҲƵֱӽȥĺʡʱֱӴɩ뿪ͺ˰
ͷ򲻴Ѿˣʲô
ٺ٣˵ҲǣѾˣɻħڵҪˣҲÿ۴ӦӦأ
ҲǺٺЦһŵ˵
̫ڵķеҲǿԣӦòǴġƺЩ˵
ͷָܿŲԶƫսǵһطʦ磬ơ
ʲôƺ˼Ϫ֮УҲû̫С
һӻʲôҲûзӦĹ
һֵУֵǸǽеԨԴ
Уȥơ
ҲȤֻӦøûκεĹϸˡ
λҪȥУ·Σ
׺׼ǰȥһѾǴ˳
꿴ȥüĿ㣬ֻǴŴʮֵͨ
ÿһж˳֣ĿľΪ˸ͣ
ֻҪЩ˴ȥģ붼һЩʲôġ
ǰҲڴУʵǳĶ࣬һЩΪıˡ
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̫˽⣬ôһֹˣȻǲܾġ
ЦһλӿԽСĪСĪ̫ڷеĽӴнͿ˵ģλԺ̫ڣȻչչСĪء
ʮֵĿϵЦݷǳֿ˿ĺܡ
΢΢ͷУǾСĪ·ɡ⽣С
УǸոոĵģʲôԭҲֻһЩҥƺûȷα
СĪһᵽ⽣еʱҲЦŵ
ǣСһ֪ĵͦ΢΢һЦȻǰʲôְ
УԶ˵УֻĲλȻȤĻСĪҲǿԴλȥءǲĻСĪ߻Ƽ
СĪȷ棬Ȼô˵У׵˶ûκεķС
Ϊ˼˵ʮֵȻûпҲûа˼
⿴ȥʹñΪ˵Ļǳпϡ
ԭˣһš
ԭֻǺ׺飬һӻȤˣԼ˰
Ȼ׼ʲôģҲǱؿ֡
ʵҲ֣
ֻ깵λʵͿԿóйģӦòǺܴ֡
ŽһͳȻҲ͸ĳɽˡôǵûжĹϵ
СĪǣҲЦӯӯ˵
УȥֺǺǵ˵
СĪĬƬ̣ȻСĪλҲǺˣмСĪλһ£̫ЩƮҡλעһЩأ
ҿƺͦ
׹ʵʵҲҪ̽һ̫̽ڵʵ
СĪЦһ̫ƺЩ겻ܶſɶſ̫ڵЦء
ʲôײʵ
СĪҲν˵˾֪鰡ͷڽУҷȰλһҪСһЩ
ôɣһ㶡
СĪЩĿ˿ʵʲôôɣӡ
ûʲôҪȻȥһƣЦʵ
СĪε˵λҪȥСĪвȥĵֻǵطƺЩǱߵң¡
׸ԼСĪ⻰û˵һ룬ҲǶŸȥ
׬ʯʵҲô׵鰡




3551  ؼҲܣ
 

У
ƺ󣬶ҿȥ֮ĴҪѷɫܶࡣ
ɻħڵΪʲôƫƫѡطأ
⵹׸оʮֵ֣ƺҲûʲôر֮
λӣſεǼ˿̫ڵˣ
СĪھ뽣лдԼһĵطҲͣ
׺ҲǷŻ˽ŲתͷСĪʵ̫ڵ߸ʲô
λӦû֪̫ڷĴ°ɣħʮ֮һɻħڵڽб̫ڵĴСˣֵǷзﰡ
СĪԽԽᣬƺ±һ㡣
Ͼ̫ڵĵ̣飬ǵҲûйġ
Ǹ⽣бƺҲûʲôϵɣЦʵ
УҲΪһڶƷ̫ڻɻħڣǶýйʱΡ֮Ҫʵˣ
СĪĻһˣǷֱѾǲҪˡ
ҪľŽֲµʱĻǾͼһˣ
ֲڱϿƽ⽣зԲ֮ڳ̫ڵ֮⣬ƺǿˣ
ɻħڵ˾ô̫ڵ׸ֵʵ
ʵ˵̫ڵֻǲħ֮˽ӴеˣɳҲʮֵĹƽδн뽣еΪһ㣬ĳħ֮ӦҲǿһġ
СĪʵֻ֪ܶ࣬ײʣȻҲͲӵȫɣ
ô˵̫ڵΪά򣬶ħǰмලˣЦʵ
һԵƵСĪСӸղŲ˵ҪȥеôǿԽȥ𣿡
λӣҡֻӦѣȥ֮ǰҿ϶Ǹ˵ġǲȥ⽣УҲкܶѡ
СĪôʵҲ޿ɺǣΪҪ뽣УҲˡ
Զ˵׺һıġ
ô˵ûа취ǽ⽣ˣ׿СĪҲǰʵ
⡭Ŀǰ˵ȷûа취СĪЦһҡҡͷ
ħſɶأȥҪٳǿɾ˰
ˣԼȥɣ
λӣǲҪ˰ȥףǳɾ˰һʱ򡭡
СĪļ֮£ҲǼæȰˣⲻΪô
޷
׺鲻ڸСĪֻǵ뿪֮ʱҲ˦һöʰ쵵ʯ
ȻǼƷʯҵ찡
СĪһ˲Щˣû뵽ļ仰Ȼ˳˵£
ûнܹ˵ĴͣǼƷʯǾͷһΰ
˵һöƷʯٿԵֵʮˡ
õ£Ѱʱٵðʱ䡣
οʱѲɾͲˣ
ȥıӰСĪԭҪ뿪ĽŲҲǶǱߣƺΪ׺
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Ѳ֮Ͳܽȥʱȥ̫ڻɻħڣ¶Źǵİ
ʲôˣ
׺鳯ȥʱڽеſڣѾǱ
̫ڵǼ˸סȥ·ʱӰһ࣡
ɻħ֮ˣ
صħϢ˸оһĲĸо
Ȼħ֮бûκε⣡
ʲôˣڷƺ޿ɺǰɣ׿̫ںɻħڵˣҲ˵
̫ڶԷеĹ涨ˡ
ʱ򣬴̫ڵһ໺߳һŮӡ
С㡭
̫ڵļ˿ŮҲǹ
ɻħڵ˿ӭС㣬Ϊ֮ҲЦһǾôǽȥ֮ɾͲ˵ˡ
ǷȻǹģοҼҽһȭһλ𾳳ڵǿߣδŰλӲǣ
Сƺɻħڵ˸ˣ
ȥҲǲУÿǲǶפһţɻħڵ˿С㣬Ҳǳ
ĳΪ˰ɣ⽣ҶУҵȻԼڵУҲ˶ţ
׵һϯֱСɻħڵסˣ
˲ǹ˼ֱӾǽڵˣ
˼һؼңȷǹܲţ
Ҳøţߣ
ɻħڵƺʲôĲһ㣬Ҳֱȥ
׺С㻥һۣ˾δ˵ҲǸŽȥˣ
ֻСĪżͬʱ˽УҲһĲ졣
ΪһƺЩ˼һ㡭




3552  ͨһ
 

̫ڷС
СĪһȦĿǰ˽УҲǻĸȥ
˵ʱʮֵĺ档
ΪδжԼ˵Ĵ󷽣仰˦һ鼫Ʒʯ
СĪǸжģж֮࣬ҲʮֵҪ֪λӵ˭
˿̣
֮УǽеƹĿǰһôˣҲסˣ
̫ڵСʱҲǿЦһĳݼС㡣
ƹģɺã
СЩ֪ʵĿųƹҲϸʵ
紺һ㣬˼䣡
ֽͨģʶЩĸо
磬ʵʵȴҲ൱Ĳ
һΣҲΪ˰ԼĽš
ĽʦʦҲ̫ڵλС㣬ʵ֮
⽣ڱ˵Ϸ֮󣬶Ǽһһƣû뵽Ȼӡ
ʮֵɻħڵ˾ġ
û֤ݣΨһ֤ݿ¾⽣ˡ
ΪȫĿ̵ģֻ⽣еĳƹ񣬵ʱȫ̽Ӵġ
Ͼȥеǿ̫ڵĴС㣡
ΪˣĽû뵽ġ
̫ڻɻħڣǶǸִһʣ֪˭˭ˣ
֮⽣пɾҪ˵˵ˣ
˭Ҫ֪࣬˭֪Ĳһࡣ
Ķ棬еƹĳοɻħڵˣҲһͷ
ĵﲻ
ʮ֮һ̫ڣħʮ֮һɻħڡ
ſνɴܣСĸо
οԭĴѾǳ׵ʧתΪ˽С
Ʈҡ֮ʣ
γƹǲ֪ξȻҲ֪˵ʵ黹ôΣܻһԼġ
ЩһʱѲɻǱһ
޿ܣ
ҲΪʲôڿͷ۵һԭ
ΪڻȥʾŵĻˣⲻǰԼڻϿ
⼸ĳΣÿоǻˮ֮С
ϵȨףҲкܶڸṩͬ
վڳߵǸˣ⽣еĶƹֽ죡
һֱͲϣϣҲǸζŸɵġ
λδ˵Ѿǵ˵С㣬ʵЩԵ˰ɣҽг⣬Ȼ˶ýˡ
ƹģǲý⼸Ƚϵ⡣
ʣҲĻӦ
οһ죬첢ͬһţֻͬΪĴ˵˶ѡ
Ȼ񶼺ϲΪ˽ڵˣǸûκεͬ棡
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˵ĸ׼ȷһЩĻӦǻƺһֹϵ
ǽ˭˭ˣŵӦŽαҪǣЩСආأ
ƹĲҪᣬ̫֮ڲλ˵乫ѡ
ԽСУȻҲ׵ĺ˵˵ġ
˵ʵ̫ڵĴС˱ˣС˵ʵô˵
ƹģں˵˵ˣʵ
һԵĳҲ̺ǳ죬˵ʲôأ
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һɻħڵ˿ҲǲмСĪҪ̫ڵǿѹô⻰ñ˵ˣ
ʹͨһˣ
ͻȻһνʲô£ٿǰ֪⽣еĶ
֮ǰһֱΪ⽣п̫ڵĵϣǵٴҲ׵˵
οһ̫žֻ⽣˵ʵѣ
ҪŶڽ˵ֱ練Ƶˡ
ôҲû뵽ĽȻӵġ
ο죬Ҳһ
͸ħ֮˹ˣôż˵ΪԼԥ
ħ֮˸һһ͵ӣھҪ˵ҲŲ
ٺ٣СǱѩֻϧ֪Ѿˣ
ŭ֮ʱɻħ֮Ѿ鼫Ϊĵ
ӣɫǺ죬һӶ֪˵ʲôˣ
ڴʱһӰѾǳķ˹ȥ




3553 ҪŻ
 

ڣ
һʱѾû˵ˣ
ȻҪֹȴҲǿԴŽϵġ
ʱ˵Ļǲ˿Ц
Ȼе㿴죬˵Ǵ˵Ľڲ
ֻǲ֪ģǵ˾վڸǰ
㡭ħ˵޳ܣǵʲôĿģ
ĿĶŶɻħڵͷ֮ˣһ˿Ĳʵ
ЦһѪζǿ˶ѣô򵥣
ܣ˱ɵֶΣôܷҽķأֻҽӵѣ
ţǲ֪Ϊʲô
ɻħڵҲЩͷԵĸо
˭𣿡
ɻħں֮˶֮ʣ׵˳
һ̣˵Ŀ⼸ͬʱ˴˵ϡ
죬ԼӵʱҲǱܵüк£
ԭΪǾ̫ڵˣȻûк̬ˣ
ɻħڵǸͷ֮ƺ˿̲Գ֮ˡ
֮ˣҽڸոճӵ˭֪˭˭أ
쿴ףҲû˵
λǴӶο׺ȲҲЦʵ
ţմӶ⽣оͽһˡЦŵ
οЦʵ֪λ֮ǰĸŵģ
֮ǰĸŵĲҪҪԺһŵľͺˡ
üǿʲô֤
Ҹʦܶ˲·˵ؽһ¶ѣ֤ݣ׿Ҳǵ˵
ûֻ֤Ҫλȥˣ쿴ףҲԵ
Ϊղ׽ʱǸһߵġ
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ټ׵˸ò֤ԼݵĶ͸ӵˡ
ͬҲٸ꣬˿ЦƹǰɣС
ֱӳŽнӴ˹ȥʱѾĿǣĿˡ
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ͻȻôһקӣҲסˡ
һʲô˰Ȼôһλ𾳳ڵǿߣ
Ҫ֪ܹΪеƹûʵǾԲܵİ
ҪôһӲװأҪôǽڸ߲Ů
ΣҪһеô£
ǣԼˣֵ˵𣿡ŭһ
ҲסˣƺоЩͬ
ʵ֪ӵ׺ˣ빫ʾ
ʾƨΣĪҪ˸סˣͷƭӿɲٰ
һҪ䣬ڿɲ׵˭ˣ
Ҫ֪Ѿȡɻħھ޶ĺôѣʱȻĿԡ
ݣ
컰֮ʣ׵Ѿǳһöƣ
öƵȻԿŽ֣

һûзӦĹʿˮ⡭ǡ
һԵ˵
³ΰݼˣ
ŵҲͨһ¹ͻı仯һԵɻħڵЩҲסˡ
֮£Ҳжŵģ
ԭѾǿҪĽһεĽ뵽˵֮У
ֻһνڵƺһɫʣ
װŪҲΪҽڵǲ㶺ˣ
Ҳû˵ȻҲ˽ڷ顣
Ƕλصˣ˭Ҳ֪˭
Ҳ֮ǰżȻ˵ʮֵģĻҲòܵġ
Ȼħ֮˶ڣǱھ͵λŻɣ
׿죬·ǿһ㣡
ɻħڵһߣͷ֮Ѿվĸǰ㡭˵ǽڵˣ⽣ڸոպϲû뵽èQˣ֪ˣӦ̫˰ɣ
̫ڿûô޳ܡ
Ҳ̲סĻػȻҲû뵽ǰ˾Ȼǽڵ
ȻҲûеˣ
ͷ֮Цһ黹ϵĻǲŽ޳֮ˣ̫ȻôҪֱ˵ƹһ֮Ҫһ̫ڵҪɻħھͲòǵĶˡ
ŻҲҪͬ𣿿Ц׳Цһ
ͷ֮˵ĺ棬аȫе˵㣿ŲһָͷŪŪ
Ϊںˣ
׿ŰӣһߵѾǶˣ
Ѫ죬һʱ䣬ҲǳѪȵζ




3554  ߵ
 

ˣ
ڣʬ嵹Ѫ֮Уֻϵı黹һĨ֮ϣ
ǰһ룬ΪԼԲκεΣգ
Ǹʱ죬Ҳڵ
࣡
һʿˮӼ˵ĺ֮
ǽڵ
ɻħڵλͷ֮ˣҲν𣬴˿̿Ҳǳʵ
ͻıһЩʴӣ
һʼıڣǶо޷죡
ǾȻû뵽ǣ⽣εȻʱϹˡ
λоǣ֮ǰǻؽƹѾǱŻˣ
һߣѾǶˣ
ǰλȻ֮ŭһȻʼĸ׽
׵Ŀһλôʲôô
ɻħڳХ֪ɷһ˵
Х˿̿ףһתҲǵ
һԵХӣҲǸϽ׵֡һ֮Ȼħһ
С㣬еֻ棬㲻ΪҶڽɣʵ
ХӣҲ΢΢һ̾
ȻλСȷǺܽһĸо
ôأ
ȱľְˣܹߵ˵ˣԲˡ
ȷΨġ
׶仰ҲǱȽϵϿɵģΪΪʳ
淨ˣȻħ֮·ȽϵĹ죬ȴҲֱ˵ĺܡ
ֻһ˴ŵ⣬ʲô治ľͲڻˣ
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㡭ǡ
ɫһ䣬Ҳ˼ƺҲԸŸղŻŻףת֮侹Ȼֺɻħüȥˡ
֮
бᵱ˵棬Ƿ˵
ʱҲǾ̫ڴСʦʦ˵ʱˣ
ЩһֱΪ˱ɽӶҲǵ
ոս뽣еʱģһ뵽˾֮С
Ҫ֮ʣ׵ĳָ޵ϣ
춸Ȼɱһֻĸо
ôҲû뵽λȥһȻɻħڵ͸ʴˣ
νΨģʵϲ֮ĳֹʶ
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̫ھԲ
ХЦ˼С㣬ֻһȷѡѡ
޳ܣ
ûŭХ۾һֱ׿ţ·Ҫ׳һ㣡
׵һշӣһԵХΨǲҲÿǲǿԴ򶯱ڣ
ţʲô˼
ХԭΪѾˣû뵽׾Ȼ۶ˡ
¶һ˿ЦñȲһΣ
һ£ХһͷˮĿס
һԵʱҲǿף֪һﵽ׺«ʲôҩ
׵ͷɻħͻȻ̫ڣҷЩŹֵ飬ӦԵɵİɣ
⡭̫̫ХЩε˵
ҽУвٵĿ֤ˣǿƭ˱ˣôܹƭ˱أ賤ϣ
ҲЦһѾѹХˡ
ХЩ⡭
Ⱑǰˣڱڸһѡ˵ǵĿģڻῼǰһѡ򡭡
׵Ŀ֮дŲݾܾζ
Хʱǽһడһֱܽеģô˵أ
Хԥһʲôᡭ
ǵĿĻ򵥰
׿ХҲԴ٩˵
ɻħڵΪܣôҲû뵽⵱Ѿˡ
Ǵ̫ڵ⣬̫ھԲǵóѵġ˿̿׺ХҲŭӵ
ڿûд̫ڵŶװ뿪Ц˵
㡭Ǹҵš
ȥҪľǻȥһ´£
鷢չزƺԽԽܿˡ
ȥıӰ׶Х˵ڿ˵˰ɣ
㲻֪±Ҫ֪ĺãХһֱͱ˵ӣЩ̲סĻػ
Ϊ֮ô׵ĿһƺֱХһ㡣
һʱ䣡
ХľĿף·ǿʲôµĶһ㡭




3555  Ǳڷ
 

㡭ô֪
ХֵѾ˵һУ˵׵Ĳ²ȷġ
ǵȷΪԼŮ˶
ԭֻǲ²⣬Ѿ֤ˡ
ɻħڹȻǴһֺֻ̰ЩǵΪ޷ѣ
׿ХֵģҲǵ˵
Х֮Ĩһ˿ɱܿ
ʱֵܶģĻǾ뿪ѡ
οղλԵ˻ɱʱ򣬾ȻԼ޷
˵ʲô
˵ߵǸʵѾǴﵽһɲĵزˡ
ХɵҲ֪ڶ־ǲеġ
Ȼ̸ֻ߲ͨˡ
Х׳֮涾֮壬һʱᱬѡħȴŷ֮ķҵôΪİΣ룡
ûʵɾͲҪ˵ˣĳ֮ҲǸȤġ
׿ХҲ
ܹɻħڵ˴ЭĻʱԼҲ÷̫ˡ
ȻҲ֪ԷǳС
θ̫˵ɣХףҲŭӵ
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㵽ʲôХĶʵ
˵ˣڶ֮ҲʮֵĸȤɻħԸĻǵʱɻħڱǱڵѡ
ЦһֻХ֪׵仰ж
ХЦһÿ𣿴ƺˣ
ƣڲ⣡Ҳֱӵ
ʲôأֱӿˣ
Хһǰһûκεİ취
΢΢ҡͷҵֻһǱ֮壡
»֪ɻħڵɣôһеĻոճĽڿ¡
ХѾûʲô취ˣв֮ûˡ
΢΢ҡͷͿͣ
Хɫ΢ģҪ˵Щʲô
ֻϧǣʱȴҲڸɻħڵ˷ϻˣ
ֻҪȷϪ̫ڣǾˡ
Х˴ɫ뿪˽У֮Ҳ֪յĽֵ׻ʲôӣ
ХǵĴ˿̶ŵġ
ж㣡
ιվ׵ԣλˣҲʮֵĽš
Ҫ֪ڶ̶̼ʱھͽ˸³Ϊ罹ﰡ
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ˣ³Σ֪˷ݣʵ
˵ϣ֮ǰնɱڡ
óξһ֮ˡ
ֻ֪ײɱ֮ˣֻ카ħͼԼŮ˲ҲûκεɷŹˣ
׵һӣεѾ̧
ֻʱ죬ƹĲػţڽͲҪ˵ˡ
ˣ˷пɴ֣ħһĺħڵˣʱǡ
ҲǵǵĿ׵Ȼǰλĺܡ
˫ȭѵֵĵ֪ġ
޷ڵЩҪ㡭׿ųε
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̫ڿڱΣ׿ųʵ
ڱԣССĿڱΪֻʮŵĲΣӦöġ
οףҲЩ
׵ͷƹ֪Сһλհ׵Ĺ
֪СߵһŮȷһհ׵ĹаϪ
ЩĿ˿ףʵЩ벻ͨΪʲôһŮȤأ
ʵϣ
ҲȻû뵽Ů֮Ĵڡ
Ǳڵķˣ
һըף
θоԼԴ죬Щ㵵Ŀ׵򡭡ˣ⡭ôܡ
ǽڵ˵Ļôܻ˵Ůأ
װڰֵ˵Է֮˱ϵҲϢŸϹġ
ĪǷǸղ˵֮֮ˣƺЩ֪ķӦ˹
׳̫ڵķ˿Ȼųε֮Ӧ֪ô˵˰ɣ
֪ˣ
Ϊʲô׸ղǶɻħڻǶ̫ڶûʲô̬ˣ
˼ҵķߵţһҵǣ⻻˭ܰɣ
֮
̫ΧѾǾۼ˴֮ˡ
˭Ҫ֪⽣е׻һ˵ֻ˵ൽʲô
Žеƹλ뵽룬Ŀ˲伯˹




3556  ̫ڵı
 

̫ĳ
Ӳı̫ڸٳһ飬ΪľҪý֤һף
յϢȷʵ̫һ޷ܵġ
ųλߵ룬̫һ˵ɫѾѿ˼㣡
Ǻˣ
˵֮˿ޱȣһһԿ˵жôǿˣ
˲Ǳˣ̫٣
ĳοҲǹ̫ڷнзֲƹΡ
ƹϣܹʵĽ˵κεĲأɲҪֱ²飡
ٵ֮дһɱ֮˼˶óġ
ԼŮĳҲԳ̬ˡ
Ȼҽܹô꣬ȻҲЩ֮£Цһ
Žݹ٣ôȻҲ
ɨһȦΧҲǶ⼸촫ķзĽλصȤ
û뵽ǣһﾹȻӶܵˣ
ֻٿӦǵзˣ
ݸһЦȻֻʲôʱ¾Ͳ֪ˡҪҽ˵Ļǵһ±ˡ
λƹƺǵˣǽݹ٣ҵҲӦȽ˵ɣ
ٵĶ棬Хײδ֣Ҳаһϲ
ХԱߣλȥЩƺδκκתļ󣡣
賤ϣŮȻʵ㲻ȴԶûдﵽܹ˵صĵزɣ
ҲƲѣӷڣɵԴԡ
ٸоƵǣ˵ʱҲ˶Ǿˡ
оǣԼŮôܻὫһ˵أ
ԺҲһƬɻħڸ൱Ҫʤһ֡
λĿԼŮ׾һܺõѡ
ƫƫʲôҲ֣
ٲֹһεԼŮʦʦҪԼŮɻħڵûʲô
һֱԼŮƺѹûмһ
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ԼŮֵĻôڵһأ
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оԼǱ˰ǹ˷ǱһλڵƺڸǺһ㣡
ХоЩˣ׵˼ӦҪǸ֮ȴ̫ڳ
µǸʱĻһŻĳ֡
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ʦʦĵǺͺ¾ڴˣȥħĻǵʱԼһп¶ܲˡ
пħҲ˵
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ƺԼĸ״Ҳû̫İ취ʦʦоһԭ
С㣬㶯ִʱ򣬿ɲô˵İ
ХЩĮĿʦʦĿȴѾʱʱ˰Ϫˡ
ϻ̫ˣɻħ̫ڣǽ賤ϵԴҪ̫ڼˣƹģʼɡ
ٿХҲЩͷ˵
⽣е׹齵˭ȻѾˣȻҪġ
ֻе򣬲ܹ֪һôߣ
δ˿Ҳǹʵġ




3557  ༸Σ
 

̫ţ
ܶ˶ָָĿųΣ
ֻȴһЩ˵ĿѾתƵĵط
ʱ
켣Ⱥ֮е׿ԼŮҲʮֵļ
ֻҲû뵽ǣԼ椵ʲô취ȻȫԼϢ
ҲŰ֮ǰһȵԼŮ˱˷ء
ڿԼϸ۲ĿҲѰٵ֮Ϣ
ɻħڵˣͷԼŵˣ
Ҳҿûһ㶯֣Ļһ˿Ҳǰˡ
ٿųΣƹ񣬵ʱǸʲô
ţ
ʱ˳ݺݵĶųοһȻ߿ȥ
ο˿Скιɣ
£
Ȼ֪ԼŮҪʲôĳȻЩ䲻ĸо
Ҫ˵ĻǲǵģҲ̫ûλ
Ϊʲô࣬˼ȴǵĵƫɻħڵأ
ͷΨнҪģ
˲Ųȥ鵽ʲôԵɣҲ˵˵ĻǱ࣡
ൽǼ٣
״ˣǡЩˡ
ԼĽ㣬Ҳŭյ
һԵʦʦ֮ҲһĨ֮ɫֱš
ٳƹĻ̫࣬ڸɻħԼ˵ġʦʦĴʦʦҪеġ
Ǹס
ʦʦЩĸףҲӿֳһĨ֮ɫ
ûʲôǵģȻ˴ǱҪܴۡٳ
ʵϣ
ҲǱƲѣ˵ԼŮһ׵Ρ
񲢷ǱŮô򵥣һ߶ȵĻǿ¾ħ֮ˡ
˴飬
ԣΨһİ취ǱִҲϣ⽣п˵ʵ顣
Ļ̫ռֵġ
ռĻʱħ֮Ҫ̫ڵĸĻ֮˲æпܵġ
Ȼһ¶⣬ڲҲδֹ꣡
һ㣬Ϊʮŵܲأ
˵𣿡
ο٣Ǵһϲı顣
ХųΣҲЦƹģ˵ʱɻħڿ϶ǿԸģ
л賤ϣ
ҲҾĵ̬óҲһ֮
ƹҲ̫˰ɣ̫һҪù˰
˵Сúõİ˼ҴӸʲôܰ
ħڵǺǵģֻһǽеȷЩ
˭ĺôͰ˭£Ծɻħľ֣û֤ݰ
˭˵أ˵ɻħڵǿ̫ڵĴСˣ
һǱָָ㣬ǵĹ۵ʵࡣ
Σܶ˿鶼Ƿǳͨ͸ˡ
ҲΪˣԺܶ˼ֻƳһ۾Ͳ֪ˡ
ζɻħڵ̬ȣʵҲ;ˡ
ϣ̫ڻһˡ
ٵ˵ɫѿ֮˵ۣҲǳ
һҲǳХ΢΢һЦ賤ϣͿʼˡ
룡
ХҲһƣҲһ˿Цݡ
˵뽣ڼǶݵĺҲǼΪмֵġ
ֻҪ֮嵽֣ʱɻħħλпܴһص֡
ĻôĵҪõأ
ɻħںôҲħʮ֮һջĶҪȻǶȻ˵ġ
ҲΪʲôܶҲɻħôһԭ
ȻųŵĽġ
ֻϧǣХѹҲ֪ⲻڶѡ
Ȼλȵżˣǳĳͼ򵥵˵˵ʱΰɣ
ǲ˵иǷŭ
һƹģ㻹˵ǱڿɾͲпڵĻˣ
ʧʮķ˰ХԴ˵
΢΢һЦСȽҽУɻħ־ҲǽС
أʵ
־ǰᱡС㣬С֮±ȭ־ϣٺǱߺȲˣ˵Сš
εһϯֱХ˱ʮֵĹ졣
Ϊʵ֮ľʵǲ̫ˡ
һʱ䣬̫ڹ㳡һε˿ֵһӱ




3558  ɻħ
 

̫ţ
ԭŵĳһӱ
ܶһֽкϾǺܶ˶̫ġ
񿴵̫ռϷ磬ȻǼˡ
ο֮ǰһΪ̫ڿ϶ˡ
ʱŮħţǳ
Ϊ£̫ڿҲҪЦпܱ˽˻ʮŵС
˵ĻӰǾʮֵԶˡ
ҲΪʲô飬ʮҲԳһԭ
ȻҲԸ⿴Լžʹɣ
˿̣
һĿųΣԭĳһӱչ
ľϲ
ٵѾĴ㣬û뵽鵽Ȼתˡ
ųΣҲǾ㵵Щ˵ˣ
һԵʦʦЩϲĸо
ֻվǶХҲŭ֣Ȼǵ뷨ʵЩ̫ˡ
ƹں˵ˣ
ХųΣ΢΢ЩͻıЩ⧲
֮ǰһΪһ϶ǻƫԼġ
ֻû뵽ֵļһջѡ˰̫ڡ
հ
ʱ̫ڴùϵĻô֮ѶȾͱС̫̫ˡ
۵ʱɻħҪӽʦʦˣѶڱ쳣Ĵ
ХֲɵӣһͨеĹؽڡ
ֻΨһû뵽ǣӵ֮İϪʵϾ׵ķˡ
֪ĻҪѪˣ
οһХ賤ϣҽһͯۡ鵽ΣɻħڵӦĺܰɣ
ƨʦʦ˲ΡһϢңĻǱǶħ
Хһ˲ħΪƣҲΪ˸ٻжĳԾԵ壡
ٵҲǺģϾǵߣʲô
и߸ӵĶأβִ˵ѡ
ΪʦʦСʵҪһ־޿ܣ
ҲԴǵ˵
ٿЦ˼ȻǷֱѾ˹ۣɻħڵʲôĿıڲ֪ڮٱŮҪһ
㣬ɵˣ
ХҲǳ˽䱸֮ɫ
ƣⲻǶթ̫ڵֶΰɣ
ٿХҲǸڵ˵
úúãǽ㲻һǡǿɾͲҪǲˣɻħȻţȴҲ裡
Хһһ˵·ܺһ㣡
ȵȷúܶЩţοɻħڵҲȷˣװװ
װĻôͱٿ˰ɣ
̫ȣвڣ浱ֽĲɣ
Ҳǳ׵ŭˣǿɻħڱħķϣȥնɱ˵Żɫˡ
Ϊ置ⷽʮֵСĽ
ХٺЦ˼ֽģΪɻħھֽ𣿽̫ǲɻħһǽҵȾսһһ䣬Ҳưոݣ
ݵѾХ˵ӿ
ȻˣǾͳɣ
ЦһĿѾǳĳط˹ȥ
ʱ
һӰڿһǵӰѾǳٵĸǰ
սû뵽㾹Ȼˣ
ٿŶ֮ˣüͷҲѣ
ս
ɻħҲħʮ֮һ
ͷúܶ˶Ϊ֮ˣֻȻˣıϲδ¶̫ࡣ
ˣǻĻǳЦˣ
սЦһֻЦ֮дһ˿ŭ֮ɫ
˵˸ڵŮûйϵղųƹѾ˵ˡ
ߣ⽣̫ڵ£ǱвҲġĻţ
սһӱ˳εĻ˵Ļ˾Բô˵ġ
սҪΣǲԸɻħڿս
Ŀսˣʱ̫ڻԮ״̬
ⲢԸ⿴Ρ
սٵӣЦһ򵥵ĺܣ֤Ů˼ɣ
֤˭˵ôֻ֤˵սĶӲŮˣپŭ
Ǿûа취֤ˣ־ǱϲĶӣ̫㣬ھƴȫ֮ҲҪ̫Ѫɺӣ
սһͷųɱ˸оһĲ
֤
˿սҪһ̣һӰӳ뵽˵֮У




3559  
 


һ֮̾˷·𿴵һǳ֣ҲǸż
ԭΪħ۸̫ˣ
Ͼɻħڵδȥʮֵ⡣
ʱɻħڷҲɵģ
ɻħս˵һ֤ˣǱǺ̫йء
ʲôͲ͵ģڿȥǹҼһ㣡
ħֻԼۡ
ڲԼۣǶȻǲŵġ
֮ǰʵҲôû뵽⽣󵹸һ㣬ȻԼˣ
ֻ⽣иոԼȻɻħڵͳˡ
Σ
벻ͨһΪʲôɻħ˴󶯸ɸ꣬϶ʲôɸ˵ܵġ
Ī̫ʲôǼģ
Ȼɻħڲ˵˵ˣʲô飿Ʋѣ
սͱˣҲһӲ֪ôˣ
˽ڶţˡ
ٸоһƵʱû뵽Ȼһһվ˳۾ҲǶǸ

ˣԭŭѾʧˣȡ֮ľȻһ˿ĸм֮顣
֪ǰλľϣζȻܸıġ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôλͻȻıԼ뷨
˭
ʦʦ𾪵ģҲɻʵ
ٺսƺҲҪ֪˵˭
ǵĿ⼸ͬʱ˹
ʦʦҸ˵Ǹڵ
Ǹ𣿺ᰡ
ʦʦҲһ˿Цݡ
֪˼λôܰԼأ
ǰλĶ˲
Ϊεһ仰ʦʦʱǰȫˡ
ֻǴ˿̣
˭Ҳûע⵽ʦʦԱߵλŮۿ֮ѾỨڴתˡ
ôĵȴϪһֱأ
ûκεİȫУƺ˶Ҫ
Ϊɽ֮ǰϪǸСġ
һ׵ϢһͲϵȺ֮С
ԭҲҪһεĵطչ˵ģһ뵽ҲżҲյѡ
ʵһɻħڵΪϪѾǿó˿϶ǳԼġ
˵Ҳ˵Ϊһ˵ˣ̫ھͻԼ뷨ˡ
Ȼ֮Ѿ㲻֮壬Ϊ֮ǿԿˡ
ǱõĻôʸ֮Ҳûκġ
൱һʱػᱬըĶʱըһ㣬˭ҲĲ𣡣
İϪ׵ĵЩܵίѹһͷ˳
Լ˳Ѿǽڵˣѣ
Լˣߵʲôط˵貶Ŀ
һ㣬Ϫĺܽġ
ⶫƨɻûȣȻҲħ֮飬ôĵӰ
սףһɱɢ
ЦһǰԵޱȰǿɶǼβˣ㵹ã˾Ҫƴ
ߣϼһﲻˣС˵սм˵Ͳ֪ʵǲǸһˡ
˵ЦˣˮڣҽȻ£ȴҲ£׵˵ڽ飬ΪҽУҽбҪλһ
̫ڵ˴Ϊô˵
սͱˣƺס
ǿǰ˿ûκε·磬ϸˣݣ
ƢԸĳЩıϣ֮䵹ǿԳΪˣսһ׵ĻҲЦ
׵һϯֱúܶ˶Ȧˣ
һ̫˵һְɻħ˵⽣ڲҪǽͷݰɣ
Ҫ߶Ľ߶Ҫ˰
һ̣ܶ˶Щˣ
ʱȴڰֵ⻰ĳɲҵ˺ˬƢĳԸ㽻ѡֻϧ
ʲô˼ս׵ĻԭЦ𽥵ˡ
׵˵ڵ˼ӦĺܰɣǼҹװʵ̫ˣӦÿ˰ɣ
㡭˵˵ʲô
սһ׵ĻҲһ߸ߣֻɫѾ˼㣡
˿̣
׵һ仰̫ž




3560  컯
 

ˣ
̫Щըˣ
ȻΧ֮ˣΨһ˾ǰϪˡ
Ȼ˿ʮֵļԼʮŵӣ֪һûġ
ֻǰϪҲû뵽ǣɻħڵȻթˣ
˵ĻΪʲôûпأ
˿̣
ս·Ǳ˲βһ㣬ɫЩˡ
ٿսģҲǳɻħڹΪħʮ֮һ׾ӵֶԸ̫ڰɣ
սǿ򶨵ʵ
Ҳһͷˮĵͷڵȷǿǳء
ȻΪʮ֮һûʲôһС˵ţ
ս٣ҲǵһЦ
΢΢ҡͷܱŲţȻԸΪ̫֤˵ʲôҲø᲻𣿸οƺԼҪİɣ
ʲôʯͷԼĽţ
Ƿǳ͵İʯͷԼĽŵӡ
սԭҪ˻̫·ߣΪһεľƼ޷ġ
ıϱ־ƣʵƵȷαװɵġ
õĵҩҲʮֵƫţħҲ֪ġ
οأ
ټǲ֪ҲǷǳģΪȷ̫ƫһЩ
սʮֵţһǲֶܲεġ
ֻôҲû뵽ô춼ûܹԼĶӣȴĹͷһСӸʶˣ
սΪʲôţΪ˵Ļûˡ
һعȥĻʱɻħڵɾǳԶˡ
սŭһ̫ڸɻħڵ飬ʲô
ЦһôĪǺˣ
£ڻẦһƿС챾ڵҪһʲôĽͣͲڣ
սҪѹˣԼǰס
˽ףӲ֪ĪĹϵ
˵Ǹ׵ĹϵܴˣǹϵֻҪ׼飬һҲǺѳԵġ
ǣ챾ڻҪλռһ֪ʶˡ
װȻ˳Ҳһ˿š
˵ʵ
ĿǰʵҪһۿ־⣬Ǽǲܵġ
ǰЩϽ˵ʵ绹һ۲۵֡
ֻûд滹ǻľǿɶˣ
Ҳˣһҩħľ˵ʶһ־ҲñȽϵļˡ
롭
ٴ˿ҲʸԼƽƽˡ
ͳ˼ҽսͥʣѾӮ̫̫ˡ
׻ǰѾǶŲԶ־
ǼΣڵϦҪŪʲô̳Ļ
ХףҲǵŭ
׵ĻؿһХȻκεʧȻḺ𵽵׵ġ
ÿ
սԥΧ֮ʵ̫̫ˡ
֣Ծˣ
ΨһľǶģֻϹµģ֪ʲô
ֻϧǣսѾЩûڲˡ
ƱҲϸ̽ģδκε¾αװҲαװӰɣ
վ׵ߣҲΧ־ת
־ϣʶ˿̽һֻЩʶƺҲûκεİ취жеһС
ʦʦʱҲǵɴ۾ףǷǳҪһﵽôΪģ
Цһ˵ȷģλԸѪ
ģⵤﴦǼٵˣ
پվߣȻƵ٣ԼҲǸоһľ档
֪˵һζҩ컯
׿٣Ҳ΢΢һЦ
˵컯⼸ֵʱսɫ׵ıˣ
컯Ȿƺֻ˵컯컯Ǹʲô⣿ⵤҩѲɻмٵĲɣ
ٵһ֪ʶĺͯһ㡣
컯ʲôײʵ
Цŵ컯ҲһζΪĵҩõһʱڴڼΪǿʢ״̬Ҷûκε˺νǽսʥƷҩ
컯컯һдƷ˵෴ļˡ컯һʱõﴦڼ״̬޶ȵԵˣ
״˻һ̫ڶžһƬ
˵ĿˢˢĿǱߵ־һ̣־ϸоһĻ




3561  ɻħڰ
 

컯
ֵʱҲڵ
ڳкܶ˶˵컯Ƕڼ컯֪˾޼ˡ
Ϊʲô
ΪҩǵһЩҩ֮Ƴġ
Ҫֵҩһ˿þɷ棬Ըѱ١
ֻⵤҩʵǼߵĺܣֵҩ˵Ǿ֡
컯ȽϵӴֻȵҩҲǺѳֵġ
˵컯ĻǼǵʽĵزˡ
Ҳɻħ֪컯ҾȻⶫ䷽
ĻּߵĲڼߵĵҩ¶ˡ
Ϊʲô֪
ʵ֪һҲǼΪˡ
Ϊľɾо컯˵ĻһҲǺѿóġ
ĵҩǻľҲóƭһ£û̫ô
ɾһߵĲټߵĶȴɻħãһһ¡
ò˵
ɻħǵ㱳Թᰡ
Ҫҵ׵ϱǡ׾ôɵʶ컯
ΪĻԶûдˣ
Ȼȵҩ
ٵ֮г˸ʽĴʺţȻռ֪ʶʵûʲô֪
˿̣
ٵ߲Զһλ˳û뵽ȴ֪֮࣬Ȼ컯ȼΪĵҩܹ֪
ϣ
ٿˣɫҲǳһ˿ı仯
ȻƺͷĴ
ϣҫ󸱸
ҫһĵĴڣΪҩˣ
ǰλҫҲӸλû뵽Ȼߡ
Цһ̫ڵķЩ飬û뵽Ȼ˾ʵһĻ
ߣ֮붫һʵǿɶĺܣ
սüͷѾЩĻˡ
ߣü׵˵
ֵģõúܣսŭһҧгݵĴбQֵǶټ
򣿣òţٹһڶȻħ򣬰ݻ
ӭͷϣƺǰսС
Ҫ֪սħʮ֮һҲ߯һЩ
˿ѾΪԼ˻ˡ
һ£
ɻħһ̷·͸ûгֹһֻôѾǱĳʲô
ϵĳֿνһΪ׵Ļܶ˲š
ⷮĵλߣĻ϶ŵġ
ûбĳɻħڻһ˵ǡ
־ǵڱ˲𴩵ĻԺɻħڵɾͲǳһǰˡ
սжȣʱȫǵġ
֮壬Ժ󻹻лģȻ֪ҲǶء
ܵ˺ܲ
ȻѾǱ¶ԼǽڵԺܵõ
ֻս֪ǣѹҲûдܾˡ
ǼʶҲѰ֮󼰰ϴ˿̿ףĿ֮д֮ɫ
Цһ֪ǡ
ҫ󣬷죡
ЦһҲǱԼš
ڸһ£λһҩҫĸˣ
ԭһҩҫĸʧˣҲǹֵ
ؿҵôʱ򣬿ûķɡڣƺҲǲһЩ
Ͽף֮в֪Ľʲô
ٿѾǳأҲǴһ˵Ȼص̫֮ڣ
ԭΪһսΪϵĳֶʧΡ
֮ϣ
ٲδϷһ˵ȶվڵ롣
ĻҲ˵˷ϧɻħڣʵԸм֮鰡
ٿףҲʮֶ˵
ˣʵڴ˷ǰҲΪһˡЦһ
Ŷ˭
ٺͷϵҲЩĿףʦʦһȦ
ڵķˣ

һξҲǾˣ˵ʵԽԽϲ
ԼŮһܹ޹ȥĻǾǿǿϵ֡
ԼŮ׵Щһˡ
ٷӦ֮⻰ھЩˡ
ˣĳҲδһҲҪлôҷ˵֮
Цһֻⲻ׵ľٶ˸׽ˡ
⽣ķˣٲҲڵ˵ŻӰɣ
ĪΪ꽣įģ
һʱ䣬˶ָ֮ҲǺ




3562  Ϫ
 

Ϫɣ
׿ŰϪʦʦĺ棬ҲЦһ
˵ѾʵԼŮˡ
Ϲ
Ϫһף·Щеίӿ˳
ɽˣˣ
ϪоԼǱ׽ŪǸһ㣬ʮֵܡ
׵ʱָоôĻ졣
Ϫ㡭
ʦʦû뵽˵˵ȥȻ˵ԼߵǸѾ߰Ϫ
ʵϪҲԼʱ˱ȽϾޣԲѡΪԼŮġ
ôҲû뵽ϪȻǽλķˡ
֦ͷ˰
ʦʦ֮в𾪣һ˿Ľ֮顣
С㣬ϪǡϪͷҲ֪׾ǽڵ
ο
ʵ׵Ҳǽڲű֪ģǰ˭֪ʲôײ׵İ
һνµĻڶ֪˶ࡣ
һˣ
׵ķҲ׾顣
ٺͷ˿ҲǳŰϪ˹ȥƺҲǲ⡣
ģ˵ɫȻ˾ҵı仯
٣ӶɳˣôҲû뵽ԼھȻһλΣյ
Ȼǡ
ٻߣȴû˵
׿ЦһҪҪֵĻĳ㵽ף
֣Ϊʲô״ôأղſǸոհ̫ڵѾ
ʦʦ֪˵ʲô
ղŻһźļΪʲôͻȻ֮ͱأ
οǸղŻһ¶ҪԸħڵ˵ѽ
Щ֡쿴٣
ϣʲô
ٺͷǱ߽ţǰλʦʦõһͷˮ
˶ӡɨһȦΧ̷°ɣ
֮УٸŮ˺ͷϣʣµҲ׺ˡ
ڰϪڶ˴èĴˡ
״ˣϣǵ˵ʲôô
ʦʦʵЩ̲סˣҲǸӡ
ݺݵĵͷʾͬԼ˵ĻΪҲҪŪһеô£
ЦһʦʦҲˣ˵˵Ҳ޷ġַ֮ʵѾûʲôΣˣҪΪ磡
Լãٳʵ
ΪѾǶɹɽ٣֮ӦǿˡĻ̫ЩʧҲС
Ͽ٣ҲԴǵ˵
һԵʦʦѾǾˣ֮Ȼ˵ġ
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3563  ķ
 

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ٰı߱õ֤ݵĻʱ֮˿¶ð찡Ϊǵ˵
ѾزΨǰûк֮ˡmΣأڲУٳ
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ֻ֪ҪٵվȽŸԼҪӸһЩˡ




3564  m
 

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򲻵ѣھ޿ܶ΢΢ҡͷȻˡ
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3565  ˭˭
 

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3566  һ̬
 


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3567  һ
 

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3568  𾪵Ľⶾ
 

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׸Ѱ֮սĻôһսױ㲻׵ĴӦˡ
롭
ٵҲһƣǰЩ˶ҶԳƶû׵λá
ȻǸ׵ĵطҲһλõġ
׹ֵؿԺɶԼˡ
ʵȷҵ̾ΪֹѰ˿Ҳ΢΢һ̾
˵ѰǼ
εˣ׵ʵ̫ǿˡ
ЦһĳĳɲϵĶְ
еȷһЩʵӹɵġѰڰֵ
ҲǵͷͲҪǫˣղһֱʯ쾪
¶һ˿Цݵmĳһֱֻϧʼֻδˡܹλʵĳҡ
֮ǰԲ֪ʲô˼
ٿףЩ̲ס
ѰҲǵͷ֮ǰǾ仰Ҳδ⣬ἰҵҲк֮İ
Ѱ˵Ϳ̫ˣ
˵ڵ˵ŶȾ͸̫ˡ
׵Цһ˵ڷ֮󣬱mƲ
Ϊʦǽ𣿡
ٿףҲЦʵ
һԵѰһ䣬Ϊmƶҩȶҩûнҩ˵ûκεİ취Ҳúܶ˼Ϊɵһ㡭
ԼǣȻо綾ΪָֻأҲǺʵ
ΪҫĸҲmƶҩйо
ооȥҲܹӦ䷽ҩ
ҲΪˣҲΪѰЩɻˡ
Ҳǵͷǰ֮ǰ˵ȻָҳΪ˽ڵ̫ϳϣжȻʲôԵɵİɣ
֮ѾʦˣһԵ˵
ˣ⡭ȻmƶҩĽҩ֪mƶҩҩֻmУʥŮҲǲеİ
ĻһͷˮĿ顣
ȻЩ˼ˣ
Ȼ׸m죬ôĽҩأ
Ҫ֪˶ʸ˵ĶҩܹmֵˣҲԺյġ
廹ϵˣ
mԳ֣绹δ˵˭˶ҩ֮󣬻ܹȥġ
ֻܶطȻӳԼѣ
ȥģûһˣ
Що綾֮˵ֻʱ⡣
ҲΪʲômڶܹһԭʵΪmƶҩ̫˲׵֮֡
ЦһmƶҩȷĳҲһЩطơ
棿Ͽף𾪵ʵ
ƭλҲûκε岻𣿡Цŵ
Ϻϵһɫһ˿Ĳ֮ɫ
һԵҲ˫Ҳ·ʲô˼һ㣡
ִ֡磬˵𣿡һץסʵ
ĪҲʲôѴ׿ʵ
˵ҷmжλǿд˶һϢоͰҵ峤ϼ˵
峤֮⣬ʮλ𾳺ڵǿҲͬзվĻѾˣˣڵҲֻǹӲдʱпҲǼ˵
ƴ˶ķѵʱȽϵô˵ĻҪʱſԡǳʲôĻĳҲȫı֤ˡ
ϣǱûϣҪðɣ
ٳܾһһ
ôҲôʱ䣬һӡ
Щ֮ʣһִһ




3569  ֮
 

ܲڣ
˻һ˿ϣɾû֮ǰһλ𾳺ڵǿΪmƶҩѾˣ
ݷϵĲ㣬Щܹڼʮ굽ʮѾǼˡ
һ˵Ҫã˵ѶǷǳĴġ
ʵϣ
ҲǱعƵ֣Ͼȹ̼Ϊĺƴ
ܹ¶ĻȷЩѶȡ
ʱ䲻£ȻҲĵġ
ֻ˵ЩضѣߣԭҪ˵Щʲô
ɾʱԼķ˰ϪȻˣ
һµʱ䣿
ҲһҪ֪ǿʮʮ𾳺ڵǿ߰
һµʱ˵ǾôˣǾһ˶ܵġ
ַˣ˵ģ
ѰŰϪҲɫʵһԵʮλҲǳ׵Ķˡ
ôǿߵĻǶڷm˵һ޴ս
Ļսģ
m˵ҲνһΪصĴˡ
mƶҩһƣʱmҲͲôˣ
˵ģܹĻôѾΪmºˡ
Ϫаգ׿ŰϪҲЦһʵ
ϪΪŵĵͷ֮ױ֮Ȼ涾˵ʲôƶҩĶҩҲһġ
˵İϪʲôĻôڵİϪɾͲһˡ
ô꣬ϪҲǶԼųֵ˽⡣
ܶʱڲϵ飬Լ弫޵ʲôط
Ϫ֮ǰͷ֣κζҩ֮Ķ֮󣬶ɢ
ٴĿǰΪֹûһʧܵİ
ټ֮ȫĿƣֻҪЩڵĶ޳Ȼ֮أⶾȻûˡ
ڻָڣǾͿˣ
֮壿ַ˾ȻǴ֮е֮壿ѰҲ𾪵ĿŰϪ
ͨͨŮôҲû뵽Ȼ֮壡
ֲ˹
˵ⶾⶾ飬ܹ֮Ƿm˵Ļǵӵһǿ˰
mŵĲ˶
֮ǿǿȺ֮ҷǱ˸κεĽҩ
˵mƶҩѾǹˣô֮ƶҩˣ
ڶˣ
ַ˵ȷ֮壬֮ǰɻħڵʵҲǳַġҵʶҲΪˡ
ٿŰϪҲǿЦһ
ϪЩǸȻһЦˣĶԲˣʵϪҪѰһ֮ȻѰҷѣΡ
ַ˲ˣһнԵܹʶַˣҲĳң
ҲǸоҵĺܣײǵˡ
Ļһ׳ΪmˣôǷm˿֮û˰ɣ
Ȼ˵Ļ²˳Ⱦ𣿡
ϪףʵҲЩġ
һʼʲôܹΪȻһֱҪ׵ı
ٵΪһЩ飬оԼһɽĸо
ѰҲΪĿףǿǾˣ
ʲô鶼Եȵ˵
һ뵽ԼĸȬϣѰҲƲסļˡ
׿ѰҲ΢΢һЦǾ͵Ȭ֮˵ɡ
˵Ҳż
ЩǷm˵ʱһ͵ʱ򣬷ǱȽϵĺһЩ
ȻٵҲҪ֪׵Ҫ˵ʲô
ΪΪе¾ˣ׵ĻҲǵͷ
һԼ˵Ƿľǵˣʱʲô飬ҷm˶ȻȫԸƴǣ
ЦһʵҲλ˵ĳ򣬳Ѱҷ֮⣬һͷmˡֻû뵽˵ĴɶѣҪԸmǱŽ
ĿɲСҲЦŵǻǿλΪİɣ
Ӳӥ
m˵ЩˣǿɶϺˣ
׵ܹǸ׳Ƴ
ǲܵģ
׵ľǵ˵Ļôʱڸǲʸ
Ȼˣ
һлΪûб¶Լݵǰ£Ļ˿Ѿǳˣ
ҪĲĲ鲻Ըĳ֮ʵҲΪԺǡ
Ҫﳬǿ߳ʵһ׵顣
һػߵݣȻãɲǾԵġ
˳ŷmܲȥ˵Ҳڷű仯




3570  
 

ܲ
һĿռ䣬˿ռ֮նȻЩ
ڷm˵˵طϣĵط
ΪסŽʮλ𾳺ڵĳǿߣЩǿȴѾǵ˱ĵزˣ
ÿһλ𾳺ǿߵ䣬ܹΪ֮ݡ
οǰȻƲôԭǿɶǴ޺պﰡ
⡭
һ󼱴ٵĽŲЩһҲ˫ۣ
λ߿ȥʮֵʹ࣬ǰˣǿһ˿Цݵôˣ
峤ôˣ
ǰ棬ǰλѾǲߣҲǼΪе˵
ǷϣҵѾ˲֪ˡ̿ŷ죬Ҳǿֵ˵
һԵһλǿҲǿЦٿһǵĴ޽ˣ
һнλ̰οҵѾô꣬ʲôźأ
峤Լǣ
˵ͷ֮׳˻Ϊ֮ݡ
ƺҲܲԼүүӣһ˿үүа취Ծˣа취أ
䣡
ԭЩһϢ৵һ¶￴
ף
ԭΪô˵ĵΪͱ
ʵϣǵԼҲѾǲ̫ˡ
״ģĪһֱǱƵķϡ
ϣʧ
ַѭѾ̵ˣٴһֱϣ
ǷϻˣǶֹһεĸ޵ϣ
أ
ϣǾˮлһ㣬˿üȴš
˵ʲô
ԭݵһһε˱仯
Ϊ𾳺ڵǿߣܹľǵݵĿ
ܹ
Щ𾳺ڵĳǿĿ
ʹӸղһ仰ʵϾͿԿóʵЩ˲Ŀˡ
ǾûϣֻܹĽˡ
䲻һ仰̵ܲأ
үүѾҵܹǵķˣＤקԼүүֵ
ǣĪǵõmĽҩˣ
ȻҲ֪mƶҪжôĿֲҪȻĻҲôʡ
Ȼ񹬹ĽҩҲ벻ʲôİ취ˡ
΢΢ҡͷϼһĽҩҪܹõ˲𣿡
죬֮ǰ˵ģ񹬹Ľҩ֮⣬Ҫƽƶҩǲܵ鰡
üŷϣ֮кЩεһ
һԵ峤˵̫ˡǰλǾ֮ˡ
٣ĪҪΪ𣿡
̺ûһͷҲ̫˰ɣ
ǰ￴ȥԼŮһ
ƵǣѾͷʵڶѣʾûдﵽ
ܹԼˣֱǿЦ
΢΢һЦ峤ȱôż¶ַۣΣ
ûϣ飬ʲôأǽĪǾΪĪе飿
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˵֮ǰ˵Щ׵Ļٻиϣ
ǰǸͲòˣֱϹְ
һѾͷҪ𾳺ڵǿߣ
˵ģôܹϣ
ǰ峤Լǣλɶ𾳺ڵǿߣôǳԵĵӦöɣ
һλ𾳺ڵǿߣҲǴһ˿Ӧ
ô֪أλλǺͷġλٲϧĻǿǻˡ
صؼȻ仰ѾǴ̵̼ˡ
һԵѰЩ̲ס磬ϸİɣһЦ𣿡
ܣô£̿ѰҲǳʵ
磬λν
ѰҲǽܵһ¶û˵Ϫ֮壬ΪǶ֮岢˽⡣
˵ˣǵʱ̵˵ˣ
ƶҩûн⿪ֱ֮ˣɾЩòʧˡ
ֻܴӲĸˣ
Ͼھκһ˶ƽϪһȵķȷһƽķ
Ѱ׵Ľܣ˵Ѿκõʱ̵˲ŵͬʱ֮еȷǴһ˿֮ɫ
ȻˣҲֻҽˣȻӦˣЩŽɡ
׼ʮֵѸ٣
ܿѾǱϪ֮֮С
ֻǵЩ˶׼֮뵽ϪķΧ֮еʱҲǳ׵ɵˡ




3571  ŵ
 

֮壿
̵ڰϪ֮УҲĿɿڴĿһУ
֮壬ǿʰ
ԭֻǴ֮˵ôҲû뵽ھȻĿˣ
ϣôˣ
ϪϥʶϵĴ˵ɨӶȥ
ȻʶʮֵСȴҲ˵ֿ
ֻǶ֮һĪĸо
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ǲǰװ˭Ҳɵ
̵Ҳ֪ȻôЩðգܺùɣ
ϿǲˣϪЦһ
Ҳ˵ĴˣŰϪ΢΢ҡͷβʵҲû̫ˣǶֽ֮ˡֻ֮壬ҵȻǵһμ
ǰλ֮˵ȷǸоЩĻˡһλҲص
ϪЦŵҲûκε壬Ϫֻ˵Լƺλ
ǺðɣҵȷҲˣһϹͷͽϪˣ֪˭ȿʼ
Ҳͨˣټ֮Щˡ
Ͼ֮֮νƶҩҪֲܶࡣ
ֻ֮ȷΪ֮
ѾǲĻ˭Ҳ׵ĳˡ
һʼɡ
ϪԭΪ˲󹤷򣬸οҲˡ
ĻԼķƺˣ
ʲʲôһʼʲô磿һȦĿŰϪҲ߯˰ɣ
̵˲ţǸţ
ԭ̴Լȳһ£κҲκˡ
βã˻ǿԻȥĲ
֮ĹﾹȻ˵ҪһƣҪôȫκãҪôȫ˰
ȥͦƽģȴʮֵĲװ
ˣ
Ϫʱһӣռ䵴һ˿
̵˿ǰŮ޺׵ľͿʼƣҲǲҴˡ
˵ǰŮѾǿԾˡ
ԼˣôŶоĻŲǣ
ܿ죡
Ϫ֮ı㲻һּɫ
ɫܿӶʼӣ
ڰϪԼ֮У֮һɼչ˵ĸǰ
֮ȥƺҲôĿ°ٿŰϪӣҲЦ
ǣǲǿȥ֮ԸʽĪ⣬Ϣ֮ڡ˵ĻҲ˵Ŀˡ֮ĲԤԣ
һҲҲʮֵĽš
׵ͷϪ֮ĿѾԽԽˣһδ˵˿϶֮϶λͷİɡ
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Ҳǵͷ۰ϪɹʧܣҲܹ
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ٸ֪ʵҰĵġ
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Ȼ
ǰһǳõĻᡣ
ĳɹˣҲĸԸˡ
峤ˣһп¾޴˵ˡ
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ֻһο׵ʱִƽˮ·ûκιϵһ
Զ
Ϫڵ֮Ѿǳ׵İסλߵϡ
ܿ죡
Що綾֮˵ѾԭĺѪɫޱȣ
һĻȥʮֵ
ۣ
ٵ˽ŵĿ̣ʱһ˶С
ţ̵ĿѪ磡
Ѫɫ˵ѪĪΪɫɫġ
Ϊ̳ʲôʱһо綾˸̼һģһ
峤ǡ
ٺͷϵɫһӱˡ
׿Цһ֮ǲĻȻǵòεġ
ȷ𣿡ҲЩŵʵ
ɣ
ױĿʵĵľǰϪܷ֧ŵס
Ͼʵʾδﵽ
׵Ļ֮ҲǳĬֻûһԸ뿪ط
Ƕϣǰλ֮Ůܴܲ漣
Ȼǲ֪ǣʵѵһؾڸղѾǳɹˣ
һ졭
졭
졭
ÿǰˣǸϢϢصЩ˵Ǽ尾
ֻǵµʱȥ֮ǺȻ䷢ԭϢ΢λǿߣѾ𽥵Ŀʼָˣ
ȵһµʱ֮ٿȥѾûʲôˣ
ĳһ̣
ԭ˫۵İϪȻ֮Ҳһվˡ




3572  Ҫձ
 

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ӰϪŵλǿȵıһӦǳɹˡ
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ٵΪĵ⣡
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αĻǶ̵˵ǶԷm˵Ƕǰһġ
ַˣmƶҩˣ
ٺͷϵѾǴǰȥǿŰϪҲڴʵ
ϪԼͷϵĺ飬˵ҲѾȫȥˣ
ĳmллַ˵ľ֮ԺκεҪҵȶȻ岻ݴǣ
̵˵ɫǷһֽٺĸо
Ѳ
Щǿڵ״̬ԭԼΪԼ϶ˡ
û뵽һξȻ
ѾûκԼĸоˣԭѾʧһεĻˡ
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λҪԿmm˿ºѺѡ΢΢ҡͷ
ȷѡҷmĴܣʵڶԿmһ;ûʲô෴ģ涼쳣ˡ
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֮ǰһֱԸἰĻһҲǱ׸ˡ
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Щ𾳺ڵĳǿߣǿʮֺӵ֡
ȻҪԿm⿿ƴmԸ⿴ġΪǸڶ࣬˼ʮλ𾳺ڵǿߣ˵Ҳ̫ۡأ
׿һƴɵļƣҲЦһ
һ
ⲢᳫģҲô
Ȼᣬȴѡ˵Ӧô죿
ٿףҲ΢Цʵ
ʵ٣ĺܶ˶ó˵ӦǴĿԵġ
ԭΪ׻ŤŤ󣬿ôҲû뵽һǵŤŤ󣬷ʮֵĴ󷽣
׿˵ĳ˷ǰΪľѰ־ʿһĳԿmmΪԿmΪģĳȻǲԸˡ
˻
˵һ
˵ԭǶΪǼǵġ
׵˼ɲǼôļ򵥣Ҫձǡ
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Щһֱ޾ϰˣͻȻ֮Ҫձ࣬Щò
ֻǰ˵Ķˣǵû֮ǰôļˡ
ǷڰϪ̵֮ǰĻ⶯ֶпܵˡ
Ȼ̣Ҫ쵼mˣ¡
̿ףҲü
һԵٵ˵峤ԼǣҪձҷmҲǲԣֻٵһҵŷɲǡ
ػߣ㲻أ
׿ٵˣһǿˡ




3573  ֤
 

ž
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Ҳ΢΢һ̾˭֪֮£Ѿ䡣ʱἰػߣǡ
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ȷ
Ļ˭¶ţܹĻ޿Ҫˣ
ô˵峤ӦҲʶˣ
׿̣ҲЦһʵ
̵ͷȻʶȻ㲻̫Ľ飬ҲƵġ
Ȼ˵Ļ֤ĳݾ͸ӵһЩˣ
׿̣һεЦ
üͷһĿ֤Լݣ̿Ա֤Ժm˶Ȼ׷ػߣΪҴԡѪս
Ŀ֤ĻԺҵʱĵǲ
Ҳ֣µ˵˵ǷmһֱԳƶά֣
ûһܹȺ׵ģ
ƶȵĺôڹƽ仵ҲʮֵԶ׼
m˳񣬳һ·׷ɱ֮⣬ķm鼸Ǻٺٵġ
ε֮߱еģǶm˵Ǻһ㣡
ö֮
mƺʵˣ
λȻô˵ˣĳڲҴҲûʲô˼ˡ棬ʱѰɣ
׶ҲЦǺǵ˵ֻǵ˵һʱm˵˳׵ľˣ
澹Ȼˣ




3574  
 

ݣ
һӰʵʣ滺ĳ˵ĸǰ
˵
Ｘ˶Ǽġ
ΪҲmǿ֮һ
˵񹬹޵ָӹٵĻôʵǴ޵һ
ֻǵλʱȻ񹬹Ϊһ֮˽Ȼ
յ֮У
λڶĴޣѾ䵽һλ
ϳΪ˸ҪʳĶ
˸ĸоǾ
Ϊ˭֪ػǿҪնİ
û˭ܹ֪һεػߵ˭أ
ʯͷӣ
Ƿm˻ĸޣѾ֪Ϊ˭սˣ
˵ⷴm˰ɣܹm֮ˣôԺأ
Ǿܹͳ
һ޾
ʱô죿һεĳΪm֮ôǲҲǿԴأ
ѭ
ûĻôһֻ˵Ƕѭˡ
񣬵һεĿӰʱǵۿ֮оȻǱһ˿ᡣ
棬
̵ӰȥЩҪȴԥ
һԵѰҲһ˷ܵĿ棬û
᲻ôأЦǼһﻹΪҾôˣ
һĨ֮ɫǿüˡ
׵ķٳɳʵϾԼû뵽ġ
׵õ˺ĴУԼնλػʮֵ졣
˵ˣ״ȻɱϣĴ塣
һΪصģҲֵο顣
һˣκ鶼ı䣬ĵζᱻĨȥġ
ǵҵȽۿmǼһɱ𰡣
̵ʵдһ˿һƣôأ
ػߣأ
ټߣΪʲôһֱ
ǵķm˿ǲ޵һ˽뵽棬ǿ϶֪ġ
ʵȻǿᣬҲһĶûеİ
Ͼ
ǰˣǿɶ𾳺ڵĳǿߣǵʶѾױˡ
Цһ᱾ֺһ˵أֻһ״ѡֻ̫ľԱ֮ʱˡ
ԭҵһֱΪ飬û뵽
̵ҲǾ̾˵˵ˣĻȷҲеġ
浭˵նػߣһ·ӷɵΪǿߣ̫̫ĥѡʵ֤ҵ۹⻹Ƿǳĺõġ
ȻնػߣҵԵǸͿأδλˣ
̵Ҳǹ棬еֻ𾴡
ȷݣǵ̬ȻǸӵĹǫˡ
浭˵ްٷϴ٣ҲʱҪһЩıˣmȥĻδ֮ڶȻڣ
ҵҲǰࡣԣһǳΪʦˣ
̵ҲЦmѾ˳ˡ
Բó֮ΪmˣԳ֮Ϊˣ
峤Լǣֻ
̵ĻҲ͵
˿Ϊѵı飬Ҳǳķ˹ȥ
׿ʵʲô֮
λȷ˾ֻĿǰذ
ٿףҲͷ
ֻʱģҲûнİ취mҪҵȣҲһ֮¡
˵ģ˵һһֱ̫ʵҲǸ¡ҪķչǾͲ˵ľޡҵʱңӦҲһܴⰡ
ٵĻʵm˵
ҵĻţһ˵ļѣҪŶס
̸mأ
ĳֵȷһ̶룬ҪԿmɿĲЩ
֮λصģĳмƻŵ˵
ҵȫǰ򣬲˵ģm֮˿϶֪ʱmȻѹ¶ٵµ˵
׵Ͽиõط˵ЩˣٶʮٱΣҾԿԱ֤λİȫһֵ
ʲʲôõطȻôˣһ԰ȫⲻ̫ܰɣ
һ̣˶ףҲһȦʵ
Ȼ
ǾҲûĺõط




3575  ؽ
 

mܲڣ
һ㶵Ŀ棬ǵ֮гɻ֮ɫ
Ȼ
ǽʾ֭Ҳ벻ʲôطô˶һʮֵİȫ
ǣҪȥҲ쳣ѵġ
̿ҲСʵ棬˵طﰡҪ̫ڶʮֵѡ
һҲǵmԴѷĺܣ̫ڵ֧ô˵ο̫ڻӵܺͼҾ졣
ǰʮʱ䣬̫ڵĿ¶ҪһˣҲİ취m˶̫Ҳ޼ƿʩ
ʵղŵһʱ⣬Ϊüޡ
ο
нʮλ𾳺ڵǿҪա
Ҫĵ֪ˣ
ÿÿ뵽پһͷ
Լ̫Ѿ֧ȥˡ
ԣĻҲǼ֡
ǰλػһԽĻôѩ̿ˣ
m˽֮һսټ϶ʮλ𾳺ڵĳ֣ǶȻǳ֮һʵˡȺǸһ֮Уѹ֪֮
׵˵ȷҲҪΪˡ

뵽;֮Ҳµ
ʵӴúܣ
ǽУҲԴԴϵģҲ׺֮ڡ
ֻĵط붼ġ
ټӵżǿʱ䷨򣬿˵mҪڶʱͳһҲǲܵ顣
ʱʵװһġ
οЩ˾׵ߣʱһκεΣգ˴Կѹˣ
׵Ļ֪һ˵ûΪ˴ҵҲǲģֻmһֱm˶죬ѹҲȥ
ǰǴģĳȻ¾޴кõطҵҪǰҲʮֵ鷳
̵Ҳ̾һߣҲʰ
ЦһģҪ
ҪǺ˼̵˿ףҲǲʵ
кõطҲ̫ڰɣ
̫кõط֪ܲ
ֻҪط̫ڣôǴģҲͳΪ˱Ȼ
ʱ˵ҪѲôҪɢǰУ
ĻҪĵʱɲһˡ
ο
мֻҪ˱ˣʱ̫ҲѴ̡
֮ǰҲװ磬ټʵ΢Գȥû̫˵ע⡣
˳ȥĻǱȻ䶯֡
һm֣밡
ˣͲøǶȦˡٺһЦȻ˵һ
ʲôЦ棿绹δ˵κεɻİοôˣһС簡
̵޲㤵Ŀ棬ôҲ𾳺ڵǿ߰Ȼ˵Ĺªš
֮Ǹ˵
ЦһҲΪѾڰĴڡ
⡭Ȼ˲
Ҳһ۵Ŀ׵ʱѾ۷Źˣ
ɨһȦ֮˵ΪĳżȻ֮νǼ컯һĺöΪλĳ֮ˣĳҲȻóġС顭
ʦ硭
ԭվ׵ȥôۣһεĽ뵽˵֮С
Խһ£ǽİɣרŸһɣ
׿飬ҲǷԸ
λǡٵҲЩƵĿ顣
Цһ飬Ϊ顣
飿
˵ɴ۾飬ѹҲûиܵĳǰ֮˾Ȼһ飡
ҲҵֵܣһεĲ
һԵ浭˵Ժλǿɾ˼ҵĵˣԴɵÿ㰡
Ժֵ֡ܶա
̵һĵͷǶδ֪ĶҲǳ˺֮ġ
ֻ΢΢ͷ
ܿ죡
һѾɢȥǿ˷m˵һδǨ㡣
ֻһΣʮֵڴ
ټݵع⣬ԭһ̶ˮķmͷ
˱һ˲䣬m˶ˣ
Դ




3576  ʵ
 

ڣ
ټһƬռޱ޼ʣЩ𾳺ڵǿҪ̽ѰռľͷҲûκεİ취
˿ռ䣬ڼŨ
ٺ̵ҲǼѣ
ĵطȻ׺˵һ㣬Եĺõط
⡭طֱ̫˰
ҲǼЩԸӣǰһУľǲŵĸо
ŨҲҲȵ˵
˵ķmһҪػĸо
Цһλ԰ĵĴĳͬΪһ壬λҲõİȫ⡣
ǰ⼸һƶĳǱǸһˡκεΣգҵҲʱصĳ֡
̿ףɫҲ˷ܵĺܡ
Ҫ֪m˵ķչһֱܵСƣһطǾͷǳˣ
һԵҲǵ˵ĻȿԱȫָ˴һ֮
׵ͷ˵ȷǺôĶġͬʱҲǿԻ̫ڵĳתҲΪ̫һ޴
ڵи顭
ٿףʱǶѡ
Цһл뽲
λϣҵȽΪmʩۼһġôһֱûһ䡣ػߣͬʱҲһλܺõ쵼ߣԱԺҷmֱӲ뽣Σ
ٿ˵ô˵Ҳƾ˵ġ
mһֱm⣬ǼѹƵĴ
˷ף
ڷm˵˵һõĻᡣ
Ƿm˵Ŀ׵ĿľԵһ£ҪƷmʵҲΪѡµm
ףµ񹬹
˵ףһвΪά
ȻѾȻҪ׷ˡ
ʵ֮ǰ˵ݵʱѾ˶ˡ
ֻĽ̨˵ˡ
ݸһЦĻҲĳҪ˼m˴ڵ屾ҪƷҰĲmȻػߣǱҵδϣ
ͬ⡭
Ҳͬ⡭
ͬ⡭
ٺ̵Ļո˵ڣһѾǽͬ᰸
ãȻλͬˣҵȱm˰ݼɣ
ٿˣҲǵһҾ
ܿ죬Ҳǹݼ
׵ɫδ̫ļ֮ɫΪһԤ֮С
ֻû뵽֮뷴m˵ĽӴʮֵ˳δԼ̫ġ
Ǻǣ뽣ڵȷһ顣΢΢ͷ
뷴m֦ͬһپһ
ڶǿ߼ˣڴľǷ츲صı仯
ҪԿmȰԼĴӪŪˡ
ǿԼʦһˣҪڶѡ
̿׵
ôֱӺ׻ʲôͺˣʲôŶЩŤЦһ
һ㶣漴ȻʧЦȻ˵ĻҵȱˡˣȻѶֱӷԸɡ
ǰҵʱٻٵҲǹ
ȻΪʮ֮һ̬ȿνǹǫ
ԥһǱּ·ɣͷ򼴿ɣǵĴӪǵݲδ˷νߣλӦöɣ
̵ƵƵͷȻ׵ְŵȷǲġ
׼峤ЩϣҲǴֳ·һ·פڣҶ֮Ӫһ·ͷm˵Ĵ󲿶ӾͽפԱʱ֮裡
׵ְźܶĿǵģİȫҪǡ
ϾԼʦŷұһǱߣmҲֻأ
ڶ༸ʮλ𾳺ڵǿ򣬼ǻǷҲĶˡ
׻Ժǿmȴǣһȫ
˰׵·ȷʵ̶ܹȵķá̵Ҳǵͷ
֮ͨ󣬷m˵Ҳʹ˶ˡ
ֻ˵ѾûбõĽˡ
ϴ˿̿ףҲЦһˣ֪ʲô㣿
ҪѰֻ֧Ѱҵ䡭
ˮ𣿡Ͼ㵵Ŀʵ
˻ҲΪ峤ˣղǻ𣿡Цһ
ǵˣʱ»ôΪ֮ġǵܹıʲô
ٿףҲǼ˵
֮ݺ顣֮Ҳץ̣һӱڽݻڣʱ򿴿ûлϰɡ÷m˵ץ̫ҲҪָԪˡ
˽ǵͷһæ֮Ҳһε̤;
һվ׼У
ӵ˷m˵֧֣Ҳʮֵеˡ




3577  ⻼׼
 

򣡣
׼ܲ
׼룬һƬ֮УνǼ·ǿ
ÿһҶƬӵԼĲҵ
ֻһ飬׼еȻġ
׼ȻԳƵǸɵй֮УҲ֮
оͰmϽmС
mǿƣ˵Ĵ޵һС
ԭmͲԸ׼иmȻҲǲԸġ
ʵϣ
һʼmĹģ󣬿ɽΪ˶еķչmԼĹģ
ľͨ͵ǿ
һ㣬׼֪֮ܲ
ֻϧǣ黳ֻ֧һʱᣬġ
Щ꣬mвϵļӴͶѹͼ۸Ҳǽ˲ٵĿԴ
Ȼ׼лһҶ󣬿mѾӵ֮ˡ
׼ң
׼׼ڶҵ֮Ĳҵ׼ĵλǽڵĴڡ
ڿʵ׼ҿʲôǲ
ʱ׼֮ܲУʮˣ
ЩһȥӺݻͬʱȴʧǷݻ֮ɫ
峤ˣmеԼսѾǹϽǵĳǽ֮ˡǱǳս
λõһλɫȻŭ
˱׼峤Ӳ
ҲƷƺĸס
˵λ׼ҵľŴ֮һӷ棡
ӷ泤ϣmеҪʲô
Ʒƴ˿ҲڲμżĻ飬ΪŵĻ᳤
һεüǰƿԣȻܶ˶Ҫ޳ȥ
Ϊڰѳ׼ҵĺܶҵʹ˸岻
ˣѸٵĳȨλõһһݵķ
ֻϧǣ׼ҵһ˲δ뵽ƷƾȻĵŵĻ᳤
һʱ䣡
׼ʵҲǰӿƷ֪ܲ
ӷС㣬mеĿʮֵȷһӶǵĿԴΪľǽ׼ȡ֮ӶƷͨҪӰĶ
ƷƳǺôθڣ
з磬mѾǻˣͿҵôˣ
Ӳԭ΢ŵ˫ۻ֮гɱ
峤ˣǿǱҪ£һm£ʱĿҪһϣ׼оͻ᳹׵ıѹˣ
ӷ濴ӲҲһȻ
峤ˣ׼ܹ׼߳ǿɾ͵ÿ˰׼˥ˣʱ峤˿Ѵ̰ɣ
ӷ滰䣬Ķһλ֮ӲҪһЩҲЦһ
мڳƵζһĲ
ӺӣӲֳ
ԭ׼ҵ峤֮λӦӺӵģȴӲˡ
ӺȻΪ׼ϯϣӵžȨ峤ȣЩС׼ˣ
ʵϣ
׼еΣǸոտʼmǰ֮ʱ׼Ҿйǡ
ֵֻǱһʵѣ
׼mв꣬mеı޵Դ
׼ȻǳǮֻm˵˺ܶࡣ
ӺӴϣ׼mǿƣӦͬЭô˵ʲô˼
ӷЩ̲סվ˳ӺҲŭ
ӷ棬ڸ峤˵廰ķ𣿡ӺŭһӣҲվĶӷ
㡭
ӷһӱӺӸ˵ƿԣҲǸоһؿڷơ
ֻӺӵݼΪ⣬Ҳ޿κεĺܡ
ˣʱ̣Ȼߴ̨ϷֱǺ֣ӲҲŭһ
ӺƺѹûӲŭһЦһ峤˿Ҳûеˣ׼ҿɲܾô׵Ļ˰
磬⻰ʲô˼ӲҲǳ׵ŭˡ
ʲô˼峤Ӧ׵ĺܰɣǴ׼ҶȹΣӺӺ׼λȻǼ֧峤˵ġ峤˴׼˥ܣǡ
Ӻӵ˼ѾǲԶˣڱƹ
mڱƹ׼У׼еڲȻҲڱƹ
Ӳû뵽ǣӺһȻнһĳվߣ
ѾıѾˣ
ӺӣǱĴ磬һ㾴мѣû뵽ؼʱ㾹ȻڱͱĵӡúúãõúܣӲĵһЦҧгݵıĳֵ㵽
峤ôô˵أҵҲΪķչǡԹƣ߾֮ӺӵĿ֮дһ˿Ƶ
ӲŭһãǴ˷m֮˵ĻǱȥ峤һְ
Ӳһϯֱ׼ܲ˲˳Ĭ
׼ҵΣһ̱ըԵĳˡ




3578  ڧ
 

׼ܲڣ
һɽŵԭѾǱϢȻ½˼֡
峤ӲĶŭһεԵøעĿ
Ҫ֪ӲĿ׼ҡ
ӲôҲû뵽m֮ʣһԼ鷳ľȻԼ״硣
ĺܣǵĸ״λ֮ʱȷǴ˸ΪɫԼ
ҲǸ׵ľ㵱ʱӲҲǷԵģԼĴǵϵеϴӦþԼҡ
һĻʱԼĴӦûĿģ
أ
û뵽ԼĴ羹Ȼһֱǻģ׼Ϊѵʱѡڧ
ӲƢٺãҲܲͱӰɣ
ƽʱԼĴԼЩȥһֱΪӺӲСӱԶѣ
˿̣
Ӳ޲ֽԼ࣡
٣峤һԾŶ
Ӻ΢΢һЦ˵һ䲻̲Ļֻ֮ƲסЦѾǳ
һԵӷӺӣ峤˴ȥ峤֮λҲֲЦʲô
ӷ泤ϣ⻰˵ľûеˡӺӴ׼ԭļ̳ˣֻΪһЩԭø峤˶ѡ峤λӦӺӴϼλ
ӺӵߣһλҲվ
ӺӵĵϵΪӱ
Ӻӵļᶨ֧ߣ
ӲӱĨһ˿Цʲô˶˰ڻûλأ
峤ˣҵȻϣλˣ峤˸ղ˿ҵҲ
ӱЦһƺŭ
󲮣ʱôĲʹ𣿡ƷƿӺӣҲЩ۵
ģĳЩ˵峤ʱĲҲûʹ𣿡Ӻ˵
Ӳŭһ磬Ǹ״˵ľԼľһĺܣôȥˣû뵽㾹ȻᡣҪѹ㣬Ϊ㻹нվ˵ķ𣿡
ߣ˵ʲôǷϻ㻹ôԸmǰ˰ɣǸˣm֮ǰϵˡ
Ӻӵ˵ֻ˵ڣһɱɱѾɢ
˵һ飡
ӲΧ˲½˼ȣ˿̵ӺӲһ˿ĸ顣
ӺҲǱӲӸһܿЦһ峤Ը˼m˻棬ٲȥĻ˻Ϊ׼û˸ҳء
úúãõúܣӲһóĿԼŭ
m˵ʲôˡƷҲʵ
˷ǰĿm֮Ůmŵ£ӺȻƸӲԸҪشġ
˿ӺѾͽˣ
Ӳû뵽ԼΪ׼ҵĲҵȻmüȥ
Ȼ֪һﵽûкm֮˳׵ϡ
ȻƷɫһ䣬Ȼƺʮֵĳ
ŵţ֮ǣŵ»Ǻܾ׼ҵġ˷ǰ涼ʮֵĵλ׼ԼսҲʮֵĿ
ӺӿӲҲǵ˵
ӲЦһ˵˵ʲô˼
ƽѣһξŵ׼ҶԶǿأ˭˭ԶΪҲʮֹƽ飡
ӺӿӲҲǐź룬һʮӡ
ӺӣūʼδıӲм˵
ľõԼ׽峤֮λԼһΪӢľˡ
ϲʵʵ˵ѡӺӵ˵
ˣҪôȷӲƺҲøӺӷϻˣֱʵ
ܼ򵥣m׼иˣͲʮꡣʤ
ӺӿӲƺ򴫴ָһ˵
һȻ˼Ķ࣬׼ԲҪǱʵǴĺ̰
ӲЩʲô취أ
ӦսҵĻǱЦˣ
ӦǲӦǾͿ峤˵ˡһضѣ׼Ҳȱֻ˵ĻԺ׼ӿɾû˰
Ӻƺڴ̼һԵƷƺҲġ
ƷƳʵǲ׼ҵ˶𣿡
ǵȻֻԺҪˡ׼ҵʱɲ˰
ӺЦһ·һоƿ֮С
Ӳӣбжˬˡ
峤ˣmƹ
ӲӺŭ֮ʣһ




3579  
 


˵ܲٲܲپ͵ˣ
Ӳϻ֮ʣû뵽Ȼˡ
ӲȻ˵mһ֮˱
һ
mŵԴϻƣ˵mϲ
Ůܶ˶˵mδ֮λпܾǴŮġ
һʵ׼Ϊƣ׼Ϊ֮ʵҲƷƣ
ֻƷŮܶҲط
ΪƷŮĻƷƽ峤Ҳֻʱ⡣
ӺһֱƷΪжд̡
ΪƷƹϽĶ׼ҵҵЩҵɶӺҪȾָġ
Ϊʲô֮ǰƷҪ޳ȥʵҲӺĻ
ֻƷƿԼˣӲһʱ䡣
峤᲻ӭǰɣ
Ӳ֮ʣһЦ֮ѾǴ뵽˵ĶС
ܿ죡
һӰ˵ĸǰ
Ǵϻ۹ˣ޿޵ľ٣Ҳúܶ޵ſΪ֮
Ʒƣ
˵̫̫֮Ϊ˵Ĺϵ˾ǿԳΪõѵġ
ԭǾŵ¼ݵĳʧԶӭˣ
ӲȻô˵˴ˣֻʲôɫأ
ֻӲŵ¾ڳͣǸԼҲһȼġ
һԵƷЦһղǴϻ佱ŵȫû뵽ô׼Ҽʶʲôȫˣ
һЦ˵ƷƽòˣһȻ鴫ء
ŵҲ²ɣ׼·æʵϾӴµĵԡ
ƷƿźҲǲ̲˵
һЦƷƽ㵹ǸӡȻĻҲֱ˵ˣmһֱڼ϶˷״ɱǰΪ˻ɸΪ񲯡
ɸΪ񲯣ɸꣿƷʵ
Ʒƽʹ죬ղƺ˵ˡȷmûʲôһƺ˴ȥġ
ƷҲ֪ԼĸӲƺ
׼Ψһŵ¶ԵȵľԼԼĵܵˡ
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Ĵ۾ӲƷƿš
һӱаſĻ»ЩԲġ
ֻӲƷƣƺߵġ
ƷƣһŮ
ƷƿһЦŵµ뷨Ǻܺãֻ׼ƿأһ˵ǾŵԸóڵĸһЩԴ׼ƿصĻƷҲԴӦŵˣ
Ʒƽ㣬׻˵ʶʱΪܡ׼ҪmᲢۿ»ʸɣ񱾹ǰ׼ľʹһߵ𣿡
ƷƣԭЦеıѾʧ
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ԵĶ߰ߵĶȻǵ峤
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3580  ΣյŮ
 

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˵ƶˣôҲû뵽Ů˾ȻԼҪˣ
mѾ㹻ΣУô˵˷أ
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ӲЦŵ»ɷѿİֻϧ˵Ի˭أžŵµĻʼѪͫھ磬һȻ鴫
ӺӴϣΪأ
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ӺǱ߿̸Ӳɱ˰Ŀ⡣
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ԭһ׼ңһغϵĽѾߵ˱ıԵ
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˵˵ô򵥣ôˣ

һ֣ӲҲǿһ£
βӲ˵ѾǵɱΣӺӴϵʱ˳λһжʤ˵㡣񱾹ֻǸ峤һѡ
᣿ҪĻ𣿡Ӳһ椡
Ȼֻ֪ҪԼӦһַԼ

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ʵѾǿóӲ̬ȣղôֻǿûʲôϣѡ
ڿϣıȽϵãˣ
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3581   Σ
 

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ӲĿǰˣҲüѡ
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3582  һ
 


һХɢĽѾֱӺӵǰ
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ԭֻǿֵĺ˿Ҳĳ𺳣
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Ǹһ֮̾ǰһ֯ΪţƷƱεĻ᳤ϻ᳤֮λıνڵף²ĲĻ˻λ½Ľ

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ƷҲʮֵǵĿףڵʮֵΣա
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ӦÿӦĹǷƵ
ʱӲҲЩŭˣλЩŹͷˡ
ΪһǿЦ




3583  նɱӺ
 

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ߣǸ֮Ҳһм˵
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Ҳ˵һģΪ׼ǿѧm֮ܲעأ
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϶һǷǳϤ֣žǸӶ֮ʵ̫װˣ
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Цһжʮֵľˡ
ϵݵĻǾ飬Ǹϸڡ

һէԭӺһĨԲεĹâȻ֮䱬ѿ
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νʧֻ۾Ǹйһ˲Ҳǳ˶ݵʧ
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ŵ£ɵþȾҰ
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ʱӲݲδɢȥ




3584  ׵ķ
 

׼ܲ峤סۡ
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һҲһ˲飬Ӳ붼оЩ¡
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׿ӲҲЦһϵʮֵļʱ
ǰĳ׼ҵĶˡԺɵСһЩˣmһĺһǸŵ¸ҪС
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΢΢һЦҶʵҲĳЩmķ֮һֻmΪʲôһֱûжأ
˵һǧ˰٣ҲɵġӲ
ֻһһǴ׼ʵ࣬⻼ݻΪm˲Ҫǣǲͳ
׿ӲҲǲм˵
˼ǡӲЩƵʵ
΢΢һЦڵ˼ܼ򵥣ĳ˴Ϊm͸mͶġҲΪʲôղ˵ҶʱҲµġ
ǣһȫֻϧǣ׼mеĽѾǴ·˰ȻʱԵĸ˺ǣǺ鷳ֻԽԽ࡭
ӲףҲһε˵
·磿ΪΣ׼ľӪô꣬ȻȲmУҲüʵ
ģǵһǳĵؿ顭
Ӳ֮ǰҲǽһ飬õص顣
֮Ҳ΢΢һ̾Ů˵ǹݵİÿһԵġֻϧǣЩ겻˱ڡ
ʲʲô˼ӲƷ׵ĻҲЩĿף
Īλа취׼ɣ




3585  
 

׼峤֮ۡڡ
Ӳ˵Ҳǻ˽
һֻ֮ΪӣǶ򲼾ϵһν
ЦһҽmƲ峤ɷģȱԵС½ڼɣ
ӢųĿǰĶ֮⣬ƿm֮֡ʮµĳţm˵ǿѡ
ӲҲһĿףȻ֪׵ŵ״Ӻζ
Ϊ˽⣬׼ÿһ˵Ҫܵ˵ɡ
Ҫ˲ǱҪһܳĹڡ
һУʵϻΪԼʵ̫ˡ
ѾΪ˽ڵ˶˵ˡ
ȻˣһҲΪÿ˵˸о˵󻰡
ƷҲǵͷ˵ģ˵һλţ鱨ʾԲʮ䣬ͻ𾳳ڡʵǺŰ
ʮ겻ڣȻǺܲġ
΢΢ͷӵڶ޷ƥеԴŵĺҪ̫ˡ
ֹ򣬿Ҳֻڵ峾ܹ֮ƥˣֻϧǣھԲܲ͵鵱УĻǻЩϣġ
Ӳݵ˵
mͻȻЩֲһнΪԼλ֪óĴġ
ӺΪһ֮˽Ȼң
ѲɳΪmµŬҪԼ׼ҳΪ𾴵ĴϻҪã
ܶ飬ֻԼתѡ
һ£ܹԼĻmôл˵أ
Ʒ״ˣ֮ǰŮҲҪ˵ţԭȷǲǡ
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ӲԼŮлҲһȦʵ
ȻȻΪ峾ĵ׼ˡ
ƷЦһæҲ˵ء
ôܣ̤峾ʲôأƷֲǲ˽⣬һֱ߸ϣôͱ֮أ
ӲȻòܣȻлǻһ˿ϣ
һֱϵڷԼ뷨ʵԽҪõĶԽǺ¡
˱磬ǻġЩʱҪţֻҪԼ˾ˡ
׿ӲҲǵ˵
˿̵ӲףҲĭ˻棿
ô峤˲ĳװ뿪Цʵ
ĻֻǾʵЩ˼鰡ӲЩ˵
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׼ԲȻΪӴʵҲǼǿġɸ޵ΪĳźȣʵһЩġЩ಻󣬵ǿ϶ġ
ӲȻ֮˵һͨɵĻ
Ȼأ
ӲЦһ׼Ҷͬ죬һĳʮָмֻһmͱˣò֮أ׼ҿֽû䡣׼ȡҲ֪һʤ
ӵǲǰɣ׵ʵ
ĳʵͶ·ˣĻԲܡ
ӲоǴ׿ӵ˼ˣа취Ͱϣȫѹˡ
Ҳ˵ˣװ֣ҲǱ֡
ʵһԵƷƶоԼĸЩˣ
˼ǰ׼Ҷɹѹأһ׼ҶԿm׼׼Ҹõ峾
Լĸףһ׳˼Ҳװɣ
׵΢΢һ׼Ҷɹѣûκε⡣
˻棿׼Ҷɴ˴ѣκεҪֻҪӲ԰쵽ģ޶
ӲҲǲӲӥ׵Ļ֮Щɿˡ
ãȻ峤˵ⷬĳҲͲˡĳİ׼Ҷɹѣʱֻϣ׼ܹȫֱ֧ڶԿmɣ
׿ӲҲǳ
νȫ֧֣ʵӲƷƣöġ
ĳһɻ󣬲֪׼ҶɹѹأӲ׺Ȼ¶һ˿Цʵ
峤ʱ֪ˡ׵˵ֻҪ峤ͷڶȻȫԸ
ãm׼ңֻҪm׼ʲôɲ֧أ
ӲݺݵĵͷǺҪ֪׵ʲô취ܹսʤm֮أ
Īʶʲôʮµֲɣ
ֻһУӲҲֻܽɻˡ
֮֮ȻΪעġ




3586  󳬼
 

֮ΪϽǣ
ϽǿνǾۼĺǿ
Ͻǣ
ΪϽǶ֮һǵķչ֮Ҫǿܶࡣ
ĵؼҲʮֵĿţܶӵǵؿСΪ˻ȡԴҲǽеĵؿҪ
Ͼһ֮ǵ̾ͻʮڼƵӴʲ
һЩС˵ʮֵջ
ʯʲô
ڳÿһ˶֪ζʲô
һǵͳһؿ飬ؿΪ
һؿϽһټУʱӰʮֵӴˡ
˿̣
׼лmУǶػ
ҲǱΪпܳΪ˵С
ǽоӰȻǵġ
۸ӣлħʵҲǲСġ
ԣm׼д˷ᣬֻҪ̭ԷһĿĶѡ
ܹõؿ鲢˵˭һεʤ˭ؿʤˡ
˷
mеĸߵҲע⣬Ȼϲmơ
ʵ϶ĸ˵ҲǲԸŵm֮ˡ
˭ҲΪmսǸΪǹͷĵû˭֪
ǿûз֮ǰǶ֪mԵ³á
ǵǿյ֮ϣѾɽ˺
˿̴һڸڶľ¥֮ϣֻĿ֮дһ˿֮ɫ
ں˵һļƻѾǳɹһˡ
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ں˵һ޴Ĵ
Ȼ֪׵ݣ֪˴˵Ҳû̫İ취
Ϊʲô
ΪĻһͱȫͨˡ
ԱߣλĹӸվǱߣȥĶš
ֻĸֱԷ֣ڵʮֵĿֲȫǱϵγĶԱȡ
˱ǺһεɱﵣȻкܶ˲ʶˡ
˵һһϣͷڣ񣬿ȥӺݻĺܡ
Űɫ·֮˱ӵһeվߵλµӽ衣
ܹվںߣǹġ
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eԲʮͳΪ𾳺ڵĳǿߣ˵ǹھ޵ġ
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׽֮֮ʻҪ߳һΡ
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ȻˣģһЩΪµʵܶ˲֪ѡ
ΣeǿΪ֮ˡ
һЩˣΪ˴ﵽ˰ꡢǧ꣬Щʱ䡣
һЩˣһҲ޷ﵽĲΡ
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վeߵλ꺫裬Ŀһ˿֮ɫȥƺ
ҲͷȻʵeֻǴﵽ𾳳ڵĲΣսȴһ㶼
⺫츳˵ʵϱ֮eֻǿ֡
˵eΪĻôǰʵΪ
ߵĵ·ͬʵȴͬզĺܡ
ŵ£ЩĳͺͼʶˣһȺѡҲֻǸ峾ܹ߿һۣǼһҲ˵°ܽ
eźֶȥ档
һԵĺҡԼֽȣЦһ峾⣿СһЩʱ䣬кӦҲûġֻ˵һЩ
˵عӡӣλ򲻳ĳš˷ǰĿλӦҲ˰ɣ
ŵ·ģ׼о޿Ⱦָǰĵؿ顣eЦһ
Ҳǵͷʮ֮ˣĳĵġޣҲûм˿ԳԽֺͺĳ
ţ
eǺ裬˵Ŀ֮гŻš
λûҪСһЩ׼ƺĪĹλȥʮֵء
˳֮еȷôһӵǡ
ݴǽͽܣǽҲͽΣ
eЦһȻѹҲϡ
ڳmŵ֮αm׼ǵؿĲУһԲϳ˫һˣ䲻óʮ꣡
eЦ֮ʣһԲ뵽˵ĶС
ԭЩžĳһӱ




3587  
 

Ͻڣ
һѾΪƽصĿյ֮ϣһλߴζЦ˳
˲ǱˣǺųڶƽ޺ۣ
Ҳ֮ǰλƽĸף
˷Ȼ֮Ϊ׼ҺmеĲУЩ˳ϡ
޺۵ĳ֣ȴҲ˾黹Ǻܹƽġ
Ͼƽţ
ڵĲ¥֮ڣĿˢˢĶ˷޺ڵλá
޺Цһ峤ŵ£֪λһλɳ˵˭
ĵ̣Ȼ˵ĻȻǶȿʼˡ
һЦʵҲһֲĵĹ̡
˭ƣ˭ûơ
Ϊһ֮ˣԸ֮ǰ֮֮˽ԵĲá
ӲȻ֪ŵôģܹóѡ
Ӳ˵ŵ²ԶȻӦˡ
m£ȻҲ۸κһ֮ˡǫһֱǱֵԭ򣬶峤ͱȱʵҲȱǿǰӦ峤
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һԲ¥֮ҲǴһ峤Ҳǻӭ֮ͣȻŵô˵ˣǾ׼ɣ
˵һ£
һ̶ըˣ
ܹӲô˵ƺһ˿ǵ˻ֻһˡ
ǿţڵԶɽ
Ȼ
Զɽ֮ʣҲǵЦһһŵ¾Ǳ峤Ҫ
ŵ²㣡
Զɽ֪˼һ仰ǧúЩƿԡ
ȻϻޱȣԶɽܹΪڵҲǳصġ
Ȼ֪С޼£ҲЦһԭǱѧϰ̬ǰλһǿд裬ҲϣҪʧźء
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ԶɽԶɽʱһֱδҡ
仰ֻһ˼ӮmûӣҲˡ
峤ɡ
ֻ˵֮㲻ԶɽֱӽĵһȻһ˿ԶԸġ
ǺԶɽĽҲʮֵĳ
Ψнìͷ׼Щҵ׼ϣΪֻлҲܹ©
˵һ֮֮ǰҪm׼ǰԣҪ˵ɣ
Ӳ֮һεѡ
һЦ峤治ĻҲΪ֮⡣һضѣ׼ֺηأֻҪ峤˵ʱض뿪
Ӳ΢˫ۣڴͥô˵ǿԼﻢ¡
ҪһαԵû뵽ȴΪˣ
ȻˣȻûк˵ĵ׼ΪһԱȴҲйġӲ˵
Ȼ˵ĻǱ˵һʤʮ¼ɣ˶ѡ
νĹʵûйġ
ĳʰɡ
ӲҪ˵׵ӰҲǳ˵ĸǰ
һʱ䣡
ԭ˵Ľ˲伯׵ϣȻкܶ˲ʶףһʮʮ٣ܿ׵ݱ֮ˡ
վǾ¥֮ϣһεĳ֣ҲǷŭѣ
һѲɻҪԼȥ
ȻѾ뵽ԣȻû뵽ǣ˾Ȼ˴֮ͥ
Ӳ˿ףѾǺް취ˣ
Ȼ׳ˣԵȫȨ塣
ȫȨһе峤ȻҪָȨøһӶ𣿺ǺǣûˡЦ
׵ĻػһǶ˵ԸЩˣҪλ֡
ã
һ˲䣬±ŷ˼ҵϾ򣡣
ܶʵm֮˲ðֻΪȲΣǾ廰ҲСˡ
Ϊ߲㣬mǰˣǿԵġ
ƤӹͦȻôţǱһµ뷨ˡ
ףҲЦһ
һƵԸ꣡
Ͽһŵҩ𵤣û뵽и֮˰һЦ
Ҫʵ
ó𣿡һЦȻˣöҩǱΣ
Ȼԣ״һЦҲһըˣ
ֻδը׽һ仰˶Ǿˡ




3588  ˣ޸ң
 

Ͻĳ
ʱܶŶڿ֣ǹΪһŵԶɽҲˡ
²ؼ߸߹
ֻҪɸԵвǺѸm֮˷̫ĳͻġ
˭֪m֮һ
mȻڵĸԼȥȴҲܵԲ˳mϽ
ìܵһʱ޷ͣҲڵľ档
Ҫ֪
һֱmƣһǴΪǿĹ֮һ
棬Ҳȷ겻ѵġ
׵ĳԶɽҲüͷ΢Ȼڸm϶򲻵һȥġ
νڵmľŵ֮ìҲ
ŷұӱmˣһ䣡
ǶĻ⽣Ҳûʲôˡ
ֻ˽û뵽λĽȻӻôĴ
ֻҲҸ߸Ƶmŵ°
ò˵˵Ƿǳĺݵģ
ˣ޸ң

׵һ󾪺֮ɫĿֱ
һʵ̫ˣ
Ȼҵ˸ֵԼ
ڸղţһﾹȻ˵ӮˣԼ޸
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Ϊľӵ£˴̶ĻҲŭ
Цһmǻҿñӣ˭֪ڸģԼӦɣ˵ˣⲻһζԶĶѣ
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ҩ𵤵׼ֵΣڳλӢۺҲġοԭ׼ҵĶԼmģǲЩЦˣ
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Ҳ֪ԼЦЩˣǵӼˡ
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Ӯľ棬վǰٷ֮٣Ȼ֪ԼһӦĺôģ
һˣʱm浴Ȼ޴棡
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飬ʹӦˡ
عӡӣ֪λôeͺ裬Ҳü
eһıŵ£ĳΪзҵȶԴ˵ϸˣԲҰٷ֮ٱ֤ĳҵӦȲʤȯġ
ҲǵͷֵĻǺĳ˵Ļʮ֮ˣǻû¹˭
ô˵λˣıʼԵЩء
һԵŵ£򲻿ɳ嶯ˣʱ¾mҲǱס˾Բܵ³Цġʱˣ¡
eһЦЩˣҵȵʤ㳬ųɾţⲻǶԷʹõļѡΪľ֮mһ
ҲǵͷŵѾǼϲòˣͬĻΪ˻ô
⡭
һʱƿԣ֮ǰ׼ﻢһֵļһѰ˦ǡ
ϣԼľȻһе
ŵ£ӻǲӣܵø仰ɣ׵ţһҲǼ˺Ѫԡ
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˵żʲôھȷĸ㣬ԼӦˣ
˵һ£
źһϯ򳹵׵ըˣ
￴ֵĿǲġ




3589  峤ϵֱ
 

Ǿŵ¾ȻӦˣλεĽĵҲ
¾ˣҵǾλǰ
Ҹmŵô˵ˣûһܹ̫ġ
ò˵Ǹһ飬λڵѾңңˡ
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һȺߴߴǱ˵ͣǺܶ˵϶ֵֿЦݡ
mͲԸܶȻȻվߡ
Ͼ˼ҰĿ׼Ҳ
ھ¥㣡
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ֻԶɽıҲԵЩζˡ
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ԶɽĴ磬Ҳ𾳺ڵĳǿߡ
ֻԶɽһΪڵ
Ȼˣ
ԶɽΪڵν飬ԶǵҲûκġ
֮ǰ׼ҵӺȣڵŽȾͷǳĸˡ
ˣλǺȤôˣҵȻǵһο˸Ҹm֮˵Ķܵģ
ԶǿԶɽıҲǴһ˿ĹŹֵġ
Զɽ΢΢ͷӽضܹǣűѾһܲ׵ˡ
Ҳ˵Զ΢΢ҡͷ
ԶɽЦһ£ŵӦѾ֪˰ɣ
֮£ʲô£ҿһֱڱչذԶһ㶵
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Զ峾⣬ҲЦһ
ûж⣿峤ϣɴ׵½۰ԶҲüʵ
ȻʱԶĻƽʱķ
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Ϊ˵ʵĳƽˡǰλһ
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ֱ
Զ˵ʮֵ翣һǿҵֱ
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׵ϣȴӵǿҵֱ
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ȷڻκβ㣬ȴҲκβ˱ڡԶǵͷ
ԶǸΪΣԶЦʵ
Щ壬ӦҲͻˣ򲻿ôͱ˵ġԶǳ
Զ̾һߵλˣ°ܽ
ʲʲôԶЩֵĿԶ
峾һԵͷ
ôܣǸȥ۵ļһȻܹԶϣЦذɣԶƵ
ǵͿѾǳʮˡҲûвʸˣʮµĸ֣eͺǴǰĴڣ
ԶɽҲ˵Ĺؼ׺Ҳûвʸǣ
ԶҲǿЦһλ˾ͲҪôԶˣղԶҲ˵ˣⲻԶһֱѡ
˫սʽʼһ׼ҵѡ峾⡭
ƽڵ޺۵һ
ԭǱ٩٩̸峾һҲɵˣû뵽Ȼеˣ
Զɽ˴ʱҲüѣȻͻıʣҲһͷˮ




3590  Զɽ̬
 

ٿһ£
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һԵ峾⣬ƺҲЩֲĸо
ȻΪ磬ôҲû뵽ѹҲûиԼֱԼm
ʱԼĸôأôأ
ڿǴ峾ĳǲǾʹأ
һʱ䣬Ͻըˣ
ֵҲ˷ܲѣڵĲֺȻǸоԶûô򵥣
⣬ô£
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峾Щε˵״ˣСһ麢δʱţ˴硣ִ纰Ҳֻǿҵͺʵɡ
磿ԶɽЩζĿԼĶӣδ
һԵԶüǣ㣬Ѿǳһ˵ˣ˭֪ݣǳսĻ
ǳսǴڡλεǺôĵӣȻڵĶӶˡ
ԶɽǸֳһĨŭɫ
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ҪȻ峾ڵҲִĶܡΪֵܣȻˣҲȥĻԺ峾飿οⲻһαԶѣmôƺҲmɣ
峾ҲЩˣȻҲû뵽׻ô
ԼĴ纰ԼҲ޿ɺǵ顣
㡭
ԶǿԼֶӣҲƲѡ
ԶɽЦһԶǣѾˣǾͲҪˡֵֻǵǼҳĻǵʱҪ߳Ҳף
״˴Բӣ峾⿴ԼĸҲ
󵨣Զǿ峾⾹ȻΪһ˶ײԼĸףҲЩŭˣ
Զɽ֣ʾԶǲҪ
һƳ˵˵
״Ӧ֪mһϵеĶʵϾҪձҰѾȻˡʱ˵ĵȻѣӦѡ
峾⿴ԼĸףҲǹ
ȥԶɽ΢΢ͷ֮Ѿû˸ղŵ
峾ƺҲĵղŸ״˵ִңһҲϡִҲǺܶ࣬׼ҽʣµĿҲˡֻͶ·Լæأ
һ仰˵ˣڴmж۸ǼſˣûʲôʾĻ˻Ϊưأ
Զɽ峾⣬峾൱Ĺ
ԶǾˣսǺҵȶ޷ư
һԶѣ˵ĴС֣
ԶɽƺҲǲΪ⣬ıʼ˵ķƵ
ݣ
峾˿Ѿǻһ⳯ǿյؼ۶ȥ
ܿ죡
һһվ׵ߣ׿峾⵽ЦһһΪ㲻ġ
磬Ǹ״ͬ⣬ѡ
峾⿴ףҲûκε֮ɫ
֪ΪδҪ׿峾Цŵ
峾ͷӦǿҵˡ
׵ͷȻʮ⣬ҲΪˣӦñԼʱmֻ֮ôߣ
ǰҲô״˵ġ峾
׵ȻһЦѾԼѡ񣡡
˵꣡
׵Ŀ⳯ŲԶľ¥ȥԶɽĿһ״ŵˣҲЩˣ
˿̣
¥һ㣬ɫѿ
ôҲû뵽һﾹȻ峾ⶼö
һոĽνεºܹö峾⣿
峾ĳʲôȻĺܡ
ԭҪԶԸ׼ҵķʽɵš
ڵĳѾˣ
оѾԼƿ֮ˡ
峾츳ˣųһţû뵽Ȼ䵽ҪӶһСŵָˣ
峾⣬ȻҪ峾䡣
ֻһӼŭ峾⣬ŭһ峾ǰڣΪҴæ
磿һ㶣峾ЦһҵİݰֵܣҲҴ磬ô𣿡
عӡӣһԵˣҲŵЦ
峾һˣ
ŵ£úĳһĸаɣ·ģѾֳˡ٣ĳһ˰Բˡ
һҲһ̤˰Ȼ




3591  
 

ݣ
һӰ峾Ķ棬ֻӰδȣǿѾ쳹ˣ
һ˿Ը˸о˾޴ɧ
Ϊ֮ˣ
˳ӣ֮˵ܵ˼Ĵˣ
峾⣡
Ǵǿһȴm˵Ŀ
ƣһһȺŭȺǡ
˭Ȼ˿򣿡
Ѿ𾳳ڵʵʲô
ǰΪ˭Լ̲ˣ
˵һʵǿ裬򳬼֮һء
ԲʮͣͿҪﵽ𾳺ˣƿֲ
һʱ䣡
֮˿ʼԺҵĹ֮мģҲо̾ġ
ģ
ԭ𽥵ıźݵĺ֮ܶ˵ҲǳֳһĨΪӵɫ
һЩ˵Ļô˱֮峾ȷҪһЩ
˿̣
ܶ˿峾⣬һ֮гϣ뵣֮ɫ
ϣ峾ܹΪʣȴҲ峾ʧܸɼĴ
ʱ纫˵ĻôǶ˶Ѽˡ
һ˵ţҪǴȥԺ飿
һߣ
ƽƽŲèĳ俴ǰһУ
鿴ȥЩĸо
֣˷ֵ·˰ŲӶݺݵ˵
Цһߣں׼ҲҪˣ
֣޺Ϊλа
ŲӿŷĿҲǷڳķ޺ۡ
˵ʵ
޺۳Ϊ˴εĲУһܶ˶û뵽ġ
ѹ֮УһҶľҲҪĸˡmޣڵĴ£Ѿƫ·ˡ״ֻ벦ҷѡ
ʲʲôȻ
Ųӿŷ֮Ҳ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ֺαˣƽڲҲѾΪĳ֪˵
ŲһЦƽڿɲںƽڣ˵ĵûҪˡľܣmǿӹɰ
ߣֵܹĸŪȻϵıŪ
֮д޾ĳޣ֮ǰ֮⣬Ų˱ŪǱ
˵֮Ҳ˴˵ӡ
ҲΪˣƽ޺۲һǾǸm
Ȼʱ峾Ҳǰ˷ƽںƽڿǸʩᣡ
ڱڿƣܶҲЩŭԣ
һνmŵµ֮ʣһЩѾǳѺۡ
֮ǰ׼ҵϯӺӾһӣƽƽʵһġ
˵ĵطн
˭ָԸһֱΪڵһأ
ƽڲԸ⣬ƽڵȻҲԸ⣬ûʵͷˣ
ŲҲǽĿƷƵϣʿˮԺ׼ңһҪƷӵĿ³л
İɣӦ֪İɣٺһЦ
Ȼ֪ˣǺ裬λeҲʮֵһξŵԳ׼ҲҲðƤˡҵȽ
ŲҲһ˷ܵ˵ȻƺѾᵽʤζ
ЦԺֵܵˣİɣڵ͵һЩԺmʱһӦȻں׼Щ֮ء
ŲͷŲԶҪʼˣڴ峾ⱻˮӰ֮ǰſǼһƨӾһķġ
Ų˶ˣֵĻΪԼǸʲôȵҪ֮ǲǻôţ
峾ȻǺޣǺ޵Զļһ
֮£÷һĳŶ档
¡
ڷͶŲ֮ʣһĽѾǴ峾ᣡ
˳źķǵԵĽǽһı˺֮
һ̣
һʽʼˣ峾ͺĴսҲǣģ
ȻǺܶΪ峾Ļ᲻ˣҲҪĳźĳŵжĲ࣡
˵սǣ˵ġ
ʱ
迴峾ͻϮһ֣Ҳʧˡ




3592  һʼ
 

䣡
ǿޱȵĽֱӴüͷһ壡
ܿ죡
ʧԭأȻɶ峾ĵһԲƸղôˡ
峾ʵȻ𾳳ڣʵȴˡ
ĳţҪǲ紫֮еô
峾Ҳֿһ˿Ц˿ôܹأ
ο
峾ֻǿȥô
⺫ƺ˵̫һЩ
׶峾ʵЩ֪ģ֪峾ǰļһﻹһս֮ġ
ǣĳ֮ǰȷЩС㣬ֻûлġ
һεĳ֣ǲ̲˵
Բ֪׽
峾˿ûʾʱʱҲ֪ʾǳ־Լ磡
ף
һ̻ûΪһɫֱӳźķ˹ȥ
һɰĽûκεԥֱӳȥ
ǿߵĽ֣Ժ춯ˣ
¡
޴쳹Ͻǣһһףһ˲γһ޴ˣ
ֻⳡĸʵ̫̫ˣ˻δüɢֱӱһڸָˣ
һССС
峾һ˸߹һ˵ĹûκεͣͣƺżϵĻ峾ʽ
˺ܿ˲֮У˿ҲһľĲѡ
˿̣
ľ¥֮ϣԶɽԶǵҲнŵĿǰһУ
ν²ؼ߸߹
ٵʱǾͲ˵ˡ
Щ˵ȷǽ˰ʵĿõģйȥɼͦʵǲװ
Զһ̾Ҳ¶һ˿οЦݵ
ֻϧ֮裬ѷһԶһ
ԶɽЦŵʵսԶʱóʶԼĲ㣬Ժĺôġ
ǰ֮ҪСǧңǧ꣬δؾͱڵĺԶ
Զɽͷһֱ˷ҪһˡɱܷƵУǳɰܵĹؼ
Ϊ⻹һ˿ʤ㣿ԶǿԶɽʵ
֮䳾ӦҲѾһЩˣܹȡʤΨһĻ¾ˡѣûκεʤ㡣
Զɽ΢΢ҡͷȻҲǾ峾ⲻ̫ʤ
ֻ񵫷һ˿ĻᣬԼĶӳģһӦ顣
ֿ΢΢ǸףԼĶӣ
ĿԴɡ
ԶǺԶƺͬԶɽĻϾԶɽĻһ˿ĸ档
ʱ¥¥£
ɫɾûôˣΪ䲻𰡣
Ǻˣһоͱ˷ˣ
ŵ²صģûзءeźЩŵӣҲ
ЩǿջЦعӶˣԺޱȵġ
ܹǵȻõˣʵ峾ȻޱȣȴԺɲκʵԵ˺ĳźڵȡ
eźҲǽ͵
ȣʲô
ЩƲѣܹȡʤߵʲôأ
ⲻƾյĺķԼ
eЦһǿѧ֮䣬ʮֵľˡӦڵȴ峾ʹһУһһֱܷġ
֮䣿ǿڵǿѧܹӵס
Щңı峾ȡʤĻһӾҪˡ
ӮһǱһ޴ıϰ
eҪ˵۾Ѿ΢ˡ
ʲʲôˣһʵ
e֮䣬ĳԶɽʹùУʽ֮ǰԶɽļһģһ
֮䣡
ԭ׾͸һӱû谵ޱȣ֮еɫҲıɫȡ
һɰѹǰ㣬٣
ô
˿̿峾ӣҲӹһ˿֮ɫ
֮䣡
峾쳹Ͻǣһ̺ıҲǳһţ
һ˲䣡
Ѿǽԭɫɫ٣
ݣ
ͬʱӰ峾Ӱһ
һ뺫Ļ֮˲ںϣ
ܿ죡
˵룬һɱǿµ·˲䱻ѹ
¡
ڵһ˲䣬޴ֱ˵Χը
峾ͺʯ֮Ѿǳͬķ򼲳۶ȥ
ֻһ˲䣡
ѾǾεĽ֣ʤƺҲѾҪˣ

ϽΧ֮ˣĿתĶǰˣҪΣ
ʱ
ƽڵ޺Ѿ˳ɨһΧ֮˵һĽǡ




3593  
 

Ͻǣ
޺۵ĳһԽˡ
ֻǴʱ޺۹һӣЩΧ֮һҲƲѡ
ʲô
һ˵·޺ǹ׽һ㣡
ʱ
峾ͺѾǽԭվλá
迴ȥЩǱ峾ҲˣѾǳֳһĨ԰֮ɫ
˭Ӯˣ
һЩ֮⣬ֱܹ
ʱһŵĿų룬ҲʮֵĽš
Ϊһĳɰܣ˵ǹغƵķչ
ǵһˣ˭֪ڶֵļһﻹûʲô۶أ
޺ɨһȦΧо⣬һ˵mУʤ

һʯǧˣ
ԭһڴΧ˶ľ峾Ӯġ
ʵɽ峾һʼ󣬼Ǵһߵ̬
һ
ҲվǱߣȥûʲô̫Ĳͬ
Ϊʲôպ֮ʤأ
ŷ޺˵Ľ֮һƬ
ʲôⰡһֱռôͳΪպļһӮأ
ǰƽĪͶm֮˰ɣ
֮ױȰôأ
һйҾͲ䣡
ڵڶ¥֮ϣ幫ӮˣôܴӦأ
ģԭЩԵƺҲǽʵ
Ϊǵʵ峾ϵ
˼ҹΪһ֣ûվ˵ʲô˵ʲôأ
ۣ
ڷ޺ûжã峾Щ̲סһѪԼĿ
ã
һʼ峾Ĳмĸ峾к
˵峾ʵѾǵõϿɡ
ο峾츳ǧĻҲһĶ֡
Ϊˣűֳ˵ķ緶
峾ЩźĿź㻹Щ࣬ĳ޻˵
Ҳѹĳ곤һЩѡͬ״̬£ĳҲĶ֡
迴峾⣬֮оȻһĨǸ⡣
峾Цһ˱ˣЩνļҲڡǽĳΪ곤ӮˣҲӮˣ
úĳı˶ŵĿĳڴԼ˵һԲˣ
õŵ£ľٶΪԼӷֲ١
վ峾ףҲЩĿź衣
Ȼ
ԭΪ⺫һΪ°ˣӮ֮ǻʮֵćNɪ
ڿŲôİš
ֵǸ⣬ĳһˣȻ˵ĻĳҲűˣ
峾⹰֣Ҳǻĳ׵ķ˹ȥ
迴峾ıӰҲ̷ҩȻǱϥʼԼĻָ
һεıʮֵļ򵥣
һһһԶֻҪܹʤɣ
Ҳ˵ǿԼڶġ
ǺڶˣôeҲ١
ǺӮˣeϵıҪûˣ
Ϊʲô˵ţʵŵľ˫ա
Ǹղ峾ȷúŵòᣡ
峾ˣһŵǷ
˿̣
ѾǴӶľ¥ķԾ£׵һЩ
˽һˣ֮ǰ׼ѾŴĳԱˡ
úʮֵĲˬǵϽߣһռϷ硣
˵ղ峾ĲսȻһӮ˵
ȻӮˣɺҲǵġ
ˬ
ʮֵĲˬ
ڵĺȻҪ׵ĸǰƻƣþ͵øһһЩɫƣ
һ֣𵤿ɾ͹鱾ˡͬʱ׼Ҳ˳ؿˣһ뱾ƺҲһЩˡ
ףҲĨһ˿Ц⡣
Цһڹϲŵ³ɹµһ֡
㡭ʲô˼
һҪ֪ճ˵һﲻӦܻ
˻ϲԼĪһӽˮˣ
ɺ׽˺üΣһӾԲǽˮˡ
ΪһǻƵˣܵľ鲻̫Ծ
з
ŵôʣڵҲ֪ôشˣ֮û𣿹ϲʤһƺûʲôɣ
׿źԽӣԽûе
ߣ˭֪«ʲôҩѳɶˣԸһĻᣬ֮ǰԱĳԲѷһʱҲʲô̫صĳͽ䡭
ŵµò磬Ǻɫ֮ͽɰ֮˽֮ҿӵоŵȾɫڵ鵹ҲΪĲ
׿źȻ仰һתһεĿʼϷ˺
ѿ֮ʲôأһ˭ķڷôһ̼Ҳŭˡ
ԭĺʧ
ԸǾĽһεıԣҪֵļһ︶ۣ
һ̶ǿףΪʵǲ֪λεĽȥҰ֣
ƺҲǿȥְɣ
Ϊ׻ôεʱֱϽѻȸ




3594  ׵ǳ
 

Ͻǣ
һɧڶ
ʵϣ
˶ڴλνĵƵʲô
ǺӲԶɽˣǶʮֵĹע
Ȼֻmк׼֮ʵϵѾʮֵ͸ˡ
ΪһǿߵԶɽԼûΣ
֮ǰԼĶӲμӣʵϾͱϵ̬ȡ
ȻԼĶźܣԶɽδʲô
ԼĶӾĳţһ֪ܲ
׽ԼĶڵһĿѾǲԶˡ
ֻԶɽ˽ףһҲǳԲ׼˵Ҫʲô
ԭΪԼĶܣλεĽʧ͸
ʵϣԶɽδ׵һ˿˿į
෴ģı˵ĵݡ
ԶɽˣǶû뵽ǰһﾹȻҪϳ
ˣ
һϳĻôľ츳ʵֲ̫ˡ
ǽҲˢӵİ
ǽĻϣɴ˲ǽ˽ڵһͷѣ
ǰ˵ʵӦҲǲģǸЩȿҪѷһˣ
Ǵ̼û뵽һһңɼŶˣ񫣡
һʱ䣡
ϽǵϿճŸָҲһ˷ܡ
˷ܹ˷ܣ˵ǵġ
¥֮У
ԶɽҲһ𾪵ĿŶף˵֮ǰֻǶЩȤĻôȤѾһˣ
ΪΣ
ԶǿԶɽҲʵ
һԵԶ𵭵˵ʤ
ʤeʵ֪ģʮԶҲЩĿԶ
ԶЦһԶǸλʵЩɲ⡣
ԶţҲҪڵƳһˣ֮ϣ
ԶɽԶŵĶױƳ磬Ҳǳ
Զ΢΢һЦ֮ܲԶȷǲܱ֤Զ֮ϣӦûġ
˵ʲôôܣ
ԶǸоԶĻЩ߸˼ά
Զ֮ǰܸҲδἰϾԶʲôʵ顣
ʱ˵ҲӰʲô
ֻԶû뵽ô죬Ҫ˵ˡ
λ˿ԵǸ𣿡ԶЦʵ
Զɽü˿ȥȳȣӦʵҲأ
ԶλСѵ°ܽ
ԶһϯֱԶɽԶڵ
Զһĭô֪
ţҵҲдһ£ԶΪЩˣ͡
ԶԶɽҲεʼ
Զɽǵ˵鱾ἰԶΪνʦƶλʦֵʵˣ
ǵģˣԶ𵭵˵֮λСѸǿҲ˵أ
ܣ
Զֱ˵˵һܹԶѾǷǳˣ
˵˶ܻԶø޻̸֮
޵ô˲ţ
һܳһһ飿
˿̣
ıǴ𾪻صʵ֮УҲһĲм
ԱߣλҲЦһ£ܹϽӦҲС˰ɣѾǳʮˣ
Ҳ׳
ЦһڵͱȻmҲˡ
˵ʲôŭһ
ڰֵȻҪȻҪˡȻǲܵġ
޺վһԵȻŵ¶ɣ֤һ²͵𣿡
⣡
ν˵Ȼĺܡ
˵ʵ
׵ھûгʮģѾǷǳԵˡ
⻹ΪڵʱǳĸߣĻܹһͷǳĲˡ
޺üͷ΢壬˿϶ĻشҲǸоЩԾ
Ц򳬼ǿߣֵ֤ûгʮ꣬ȻǿԲģ
롭
޺Ҳһƣ׳ķҲ˹
ܿ죡
޺۵ѾǴ׵֮ϣ
ʶ꣡
Ⲣʲô£ͨ׵Ĺͷ޺Ȼܹ֪׵͡
ŷ޺۵ЦݣҲЩס
ֻǵ޺۵ִһ˲䣬Ѿüѡ




3595  
 

ʲô
ŷ޺۵ӣܵҲЩɻ
ʵϣ
׵ͻȻúѾǴֲĺܡ
һҪԲսȻǲģΪһһΪȶء
ϣƿֲȶص档
ǴĳʮĻôȻ׵ķʽֱս
ʱ޺ͼӴֱжʤҲ޿ɺǵ顣
ƺЩԾˣΪ޺۵ɫÿ
޺ü˵ŵ£˵͵ȷûгʮ꣬Ӧ£
ꣿ
һ㶣漴¶һ˿ŹֵЦݡ
һԵİϳЦѣȥ
һﻹûгʮ갡Ȼ˵ûгȻûгˣ
Ҳȥ⣬ʲôطȥأ
ǴΪeҲԾŴ𾳺ڵĵز
ꣿ
ںeĶ֣
˵eˣǰѾǸ峾սһú׾ٵսʤ֮
޺۵˵ȻǱھûĵݹǿԲġ

Ҳһľ֮
˭ܹ뵽λȻֻ꣡
ĽʵЩĿ࿴
׼ߣ
Ʒƿף֮гϣ뵣֮ɫ
ϣ֮ǰսʤ򳬼֮һڵĳԶ𣡣
ǵǣ飬ѹҲûг֣
ĿΪ׼Ҵ漣
û뵽Ȼֻ갡
ӲıʮֵĸӣΪ׼ҵ峤Ϊ峤ʱѾǽˣ
ȻˣǸʱҲѾǳΪ𾳺ڵǿߡ
꣬׾Ȼֱ溫eĸ֡
˵˵ʵӦҲˡ
ΪҪͷӲǰλ˵¶Ǽзִ硣
Ȼҳͷ˵һ㣬Ǿһİա
ƷƿԼĸҲĿսʤ֮ء
սʤ֮ǵôأ׼ѾǱˣӲ
峾ʧܣǽ׼·ˣ
ҪĻǱҪһ漣һˡ
Ϊǰĳ˺֮⣬һΪǿe
Ǹ֮ˣӲ֪жôİ
Ʒ״ˣԭ׼Ҿûϣĳ֣׼ϣӦÿ̹Ȼ˰
ǰٴĳ̶ֳ˵峾ܹöѾñЩ벻ˡôһ׼ԺҲôı
ӲƷƣƺ΢ôһЩЩ
˭Ҫһ漣أ
Ӳ룬Ʒͬ룡
ֻ˵ƷҲΪ׿ֵܳʧһ̨ס
ƷƵͷ˵Ʋű߼ʣȴܹһЩ벻ЧĿԴͿˣ
ӲͷĿһε׵ϣ
ӲԼҲû뵽һ׼ҵ˻ƿһˣ˵ϡ
Կʼ˰ɣ
׿ŷ޺ۣҲǵЦһʵ
Ȼԣ޺Ҫŵڶѡ
ߣҲôżǵһμ
ЩмĿףꣿԼѾӮˣ
迴źҲ¶һ˿ŵЦݵŵ£ĳѾǻָ߰˳ˣһû⣡
ӣعڶɣֱ˱ã
ʲô۶ӣҲС
΢΢һЦ֮ˣĳδС
Ӻİ׿źһ̲Цݵ
Ժĳڵ״̬ûġֻ㺫ĳĵġ
迴ףĲм֮ɫӵŨأ
𣿲ĳΪµĶ֣¶һ˿Ȼ
ԴĽ֪ѣ貢յ
ϻôʲôȻ㼤ŭ˺ӣǱɺӳԸɣʱ򱻴ǲ컹ôӲ
Ҳŭˣֱ˵˵
޺źĻҲڶ׶衭
ţŷ޺۵ĻֱӴϵ
ʲôڿ޺۵Цһ
װڰֵʵûʣھǾһһĴ̫鷳ˡ
˻
׻δ䣬ϽǼ˶ǵһ
һ˲䣬Ѿըˡ




3596  һ
 

ʲô˼ĪҪһս޵ĳŲɣ
ʲôЦ갡츳ǿǿʲôطأ
˼ʲôҵʵЩ벻ͨ
ҪһǴ̼
һ˲䣡
ϽǱֱӱȼˣ֮˵峾˶ǵĴǳĴ
ҲǴ֮һӾѣ
ųһŵ峾⣬ȻǰҲȲϣ
ԭһֱΪԼԸmһӰ
峾⣬ǿǴһˮ׼
ڣһλϵʮҪ֮ˡ
ȻĴ򣬵ĹϵڶԿm飬ײm
˵ĵ˾ѣ
Ҳ˵Χ۵֮Ѿǽϣ׵ϡ
ҲΪʲô˵һʱ˵ļˡ
ʱ
׼֮˻֮ˣһЩˣǶĿɿڴĿǰף
һƳҲǴһ˿ŭֵģҲô񷨣
eͺʱҲŭĿԲeЦĳǵһ֮ͬп˸ҸĳôŰ裡
֣һ￴Ҳһȡ֮ǲ֪γΪģ⽣Ҳۻ軨ˣ
ԼĻȻܹˡ
׵˵ôң
İɣĳһָͷ֮ˣ
Ǳȿ񣡣
eЦ֮ʱǺεȵĿ
˵ʵeҲ˵ԼǴ޵һš
Ϊ֪һЩŲ
Ȼe츳ڴ޾ǿŽǰĴڡ
ҲǺֳųһ£eǱȽϵĵ͵ġ
Ȼˣĵ͵ֻԵģ
ȵطȻҲڵ͵ˡ
οһǺԼģȻܹmʧˡ
ؼҪΪ򳬼ȻҲ벻mİ
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ǰ֮ˣÿĸˡ
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δŵϱǲ̫һЩ
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һ֮ɹļŭmˣҲҪһЩµġ
ӣeɫѾŵ£ԭĳֻΪ˰һæѡǴѾǴĳĵߣԵĹƺҲû޶ɣ
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Ϊmľŵ£˵ڵϷǲֹһεĵϷ޲ֱȥ׽ԼǧУ
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eֱӷԾ˱Գ֮У뺫γ֮ƣ
ֻһ̣˭óeͺ˵ŭѾǲðˣ
Ȼ˭ҲûзֵǣԭվѾȻĴȺ֮ʧˣ
Ϊ׵ǿһʽ׼μһεıԣ
ƽ޺ۣıԭ׼кm˽¾еıԣԵĹԭ飬ԭֻҪͬĻʲôʽǿԵġ
޺ʱվ˳Ҳǹһ˿޵Ц
ĳ׼ңȻԼҪɣЦŵ
޺۵˵֪ҪʲôҪأ
һһ̫鷳ĳ˼ֱϣһʤΣ
׿ŷ޺ۣҲǻָ̧eͺˣ
鱾֪ˣŵ£׼ÿеĻֻҪشԻ߲ԾˡͬĻֻһһĴˣϾ֮ǰ̶õģ
޺һεĽĿ˶Щµĺ
ʱҪ˼ˣŭһôôɣȵˣһַ֮أ
ô˵ŵͬһˣ޺Цʵ
ͬ⣡ֻһһĸҪ
eͺȻлҪ˵ƺҪ˵ĻҲȥˣ
˿̣
Ψһ뷨׵
Ϊ֮ӵǣܵ˵ıӣ
Ҳ룬ܹΪνףֻɵ
ֻϧǣǸ˽ף




3597  ֮ĺ
 

Ͻǣ
һųǿһeͺս䶯ˣ
ʵϣ
eͺӮˣʵҲʲôʵ顣
ӮˣȻǧţ
ͣ糬ţ
׳٣ǰ޹ˣ˵ûߣǺ˵ġ
ȷľٶҲΪ֮
ϽĳƫƧĵط
ٺͷȻĳǱߣ׵ѾȷҲΪǵ
׵һУȻʮֵĹע
οԭǣmǸӲҴˡ
m֮Ҫʱǿж׶ֵĻȻԹۡ
ֻڵһУƺҪǲ֣
ǿǰһУδκεĶ
ĵطʱѾǷ
ȷľٶ˶ΪԼ׷ˣ
׼ߣ
Ӳʱ׵Ļվ
һԵƷҲЩֵĿףҲǱˡ
ӲԱߣ׼ҵĸ峤ӷҲˡ
ӲҲǾ㵵˵峤ˣǸӰ
Ҫһ˰ӲҲ𾪵˵
ƷĭɲⰡսʤ˵Ļǿ»䶯˰
˭˵أ⼸ǲܵġʵĻһһԵøӵһЩ𣿡
ӷȻЩ׵
ʵϣҲЩΣ
ֻһ飬һЩȻᷢһЩߵġ
գȻȥð
ʵϣ
һҲûа취İ취
Ϊ뺫ȱԵĻʱķѵȻ٣Ȼȱ
Ҫսʤ𾳺ڵǿߣֻͨ˵
һ棬Ϊ˵ʱ䲢
սʤ˺裬ôeȻ޷ս
ҲΪʲôײϴ̼eͺһɣ
Ҫ̵ʱǿֱӸɷǰˡ
ǷֿĻЧʹﲻˣ
ӲʱӷĻҲ΢΢ҡͷôģҵҲǴĦˣе㵹ǿԿ϶ģĵĲ𣿡
ģɡ
ӷҲεҡҡͷ׼Ѿ군һˣ
һεı֮λڲڶ˵ˡ
ŭeͺ裬³
׼˻鳯׵ķ˹ȥĿǰΨһֻ׵ˣ
һߣ
ԶɽûӲôĿˣ
Զ𰡣ʵʢĸĺܣѿΰ
Զɽǰףֻһۣ
һԵԶǸǵͷͬʱ󳬼ţֱɱʽľٶԭΪԶ۹ǲڿԶҲ۵ʱ򰡣
λԲǻûпʼ𣿡Զɵ
ȻҲһ˿ɻ󣬵Ǵ֮ǰŵı׾Բֿ֮
һԵ峾ҴôӦĵġ
⣬ȻϴΪ磬˳ǣûκεĺô
ԶһԿ峾⣬ҲǼ˵
Զɽ̾һⰡ֮ϣ
״ˣǳⲻ˽ִ磬ڳִ㣬ᱻmĨǳۼִ֤紴Ĳܣڳ⿴һִɿЦ󡭡
峾⿴ԶɽҲ˵
ɸΪһѣԶɽ峾⣬
״ˣⶨȻ㣡峾ⲻ˵
ԶɽһЦãӮˣԺڵϱھȽѡˣԺҪϾһĹϵ
״ˣܲƽִӮˣһǱĳţȻǱʮ֮ˡֻһ仰ִΣԶҴ磡峾˵һԾŶ
峾⿴ԶɽҲǶţһĿԼĸף
Զɽһ㶣漴ǺãȷЩ̫ƽǱھһƽģӮˣ֮λԺˡ
ˣɡ
״ˣɡ
Զɽ䣬Ѿվ
ԶɽһֹͣƣȻӮˣǾ֤˳۹ȱڻãԺڱҲǷģοҲǾͲˡȻǸ֮ĶԼǱȻҪ˷
״ˡ峾Ҳǳ׵סˡ
ǿʼˣȿɡ
Զɽ̲˵һ䣬˵ĿһҲǾ۽˳ڣ
ԭһͨսѾǿԵ߸mĸˡ




3598  ֮ڣǱذܣ
 

ǿյ룡
ֻһeͺ裡
˵֮оǴ޾ɱ⣬һ̣˭֪ʤܹϵʲô
eͺ裬˵ĻԺ¶ûа취̧ͷˣ
һɽŵϢӿ
սһ
ʱĺҲʮֵĽţ˵eֻĻôͲˣ
mŵ£ȻҪ޸һm֮ˡ
⴫ȥm澡ʧ
һЩˣΪղô˵Ӧ׵Ķע
һˣٲ³
һǵĺôҲû뵽ԼȻȺͿ֮¡
Ȼڻʮֵģ֪޾ԡ
ŵģȻûһĻš
Х
һ̣eȶˣ
һǿޱȵĽƾնֱӳ׵Ŵ۶ȥ
һĳ֣һߵĺƺҲǲʾ
һ
Ǳ˶һˣ
ȥɣ
eͺ輸ͬʱԼĵϣһֱӽʲôڵն£
죡
ƺεĸо
ԭ˶Ϊ׿϶ҪˣôҲû뵽˾Ȼֱӳȥ

ײڿдһ֣
һۻҵĽ֮׺eһεĳ˵ĸǰ
һΪײҲѲƤ
û뵽ǣǰλڵȻɵĽˣ
˻
˽ǵһǿģһǲ֪˼һֻ˵˵ѣ
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ȻƺЩвĸоÿһжܹԤе
eͺҲЩĿɿڴоһͿնɱƫƫǸʱܹɽס
һ˸߹һ˵Ľϵĳ׵ķѹ
eͺʱҲʹϣԳսķʽϵ׵
ֻϧǣٻغ֮Ƿһ˿Ϣ֣
Ҳˡ
׿eͺ裬ҲĨһ˿Ĳм
eһߣղŲһЩθ˶ѣΪֻôˮ׼
ǣĳȷǿˣʵȺĳҪ߳٣
ҲǵЦһeδʹóǵɱﵡ
ղ˽Ҳ߰˳ɵʵѣ
ֻû뵽ǣ˺Ȼһˣ
ʵeǺ裬ǵҲԼС˼ġ
ǶҪʵȻһ
ʱ⹦Ϳɾͼĳһ˵ˡ
ֻû뵽ǣֵļһﾹȻ˵Ѳһֱ˸ˣ
eЦһˡ֣ҲҪҴˣҪòɶûеط˰
ݸһЦǰּȻô˵ˣǺĳȻҲˣ
ղűҲѣھͻǳȥˡ
׿eͺ裬ҲЦһ
ǣôĿeм˵
ҲǵЦһϣҪʧźã
ʧʧģ֮ڣǱذܣ
״һЦҲǸֳһĨЦݡ
бذܣ
Ƕôſܹ˵óĻ
Ȼ֮ǰ׽סeͺĽѾúܶ˹Ŀ࿴
ԶɽӲ˶Ƿһľ̾
Ͼ
갡
ܹͣסeͺεĽЩǿ˵𺳻𺳣
ֻǿҪĵסַĺըѶʵ̫̫ˣ
أ
λһεĿڳԣ
õһǳ׵ըˣлˣ
ĻƽһжҪ
ǿ⼸ǲܵ顣
УֱԲѰ賹׵ıŭˡ
eһԵĺĳ񣬴δ˺޳֮ˡаңа뺫֡
ֿɲҪҷİ⵽ʱˣĳöˣ
״eĻֻ˵ôĴ̶
eŭһߣĳˣԺţϤ㡣ˣԺ󡭡
ԺҲԶġ׽žһ仰
˵eܹΪԼˣԺǶһݼǿս
𾳺ڣ츳ߣ
һ뵽ߣҲ̵ģ
һĿⶼǼ׵ϣǶҪһﵽôܹлeͺ裡




3599  ŵľŵ
 

Ͻǣ
˿ʮֵĽţװĸоЩ
У
Щǳ
ϿźһģҲǿο£֮˿ڳԣȻκεĺ³ģ
ϣ⡭һαĿ𣿡
ŰϣҲǽʵ
ҡҡͷһ򲽽ǵˣΣmǴͳߣһССĶ˻أ
ɡǱղŴӦˣǷڵĻmЩ׽¾Ҫһˣ
ʮֵļ尾һǽˡ
¶һ˿֮ɫƺЩڵˣһôսʤعӺͺأ갡
ǰ̥꣡״ðİ֮ǰmôһϢûأ
ּȻϿʲôƷǳ
Цһ£ǴˣղĻǾͲˣӮˣĳ˲߳򣡡
ϾǵΧѶȺܴ󣡡΢΢ҡͷ
ŵ£Ҫ޸һɣĻ˵ɾ͡
ϿźӣҲһǵʵ
΢΢ҡͷ޸Ȼ룡ֻڱҲﻢ£ԡ
ŵµ˼ĳȻףղǾŵ²ӦĻmҲǵȻ޴ġԾŵôһжΪmǣŹһġ
Ͽź֮ѾǶһ˿Ķ
ʵϣ
˭֪λ񹬹һΪҪӵˡ
άӦõģĲСĶӵĻǿ³Щѿˣ
ҪǣӶļĻλŵҲط
Ȼeͺ䣬ԽʲôԽʲô
ó˿̵ľŵʮֵĽţΪǣѾӵˣ
Цһ״˵Ը񣬱Ȼ˽ġˣҲһĴѣعӺͺӲñʧġ
ǰлعӺͺӣôоЩο
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£ղλڽʱѲɾûзʵʵӦǽ۷嵽𾳺֮䣡
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æֵϣô˵ǵ߸˱ˡһ𾳺ڶûдﵽˣȻԽסعӺͺӰУ˵ôţ
ֳʵ˵ӦģЩֵǣʶƺǳǿeͺ˵ʽǰԤ֪Ȼǧķʽֵסˣ
Ͽź֮ҲǱһľ⡣
ŰϳʶȻôֲֲ˵ţհ˼ʵһôǿ󣿡
Ҳ˵ʵ˱ʵѾЩ͸ˡ΢΢ҡͷȻʵǿᵽ˵ĵزҲӦøղųеʱһ˿Уָоװģ
˼ǡʵ
ΨһĿܱӵڶʱԼսķһЩսĵҩ
սĵҩôܹ֮ڽعӺͺأɾò̫ܣ
ЩҰο˵ʵԽȥԽǽš
ֻڴĽˣ
ϵҲ΢΢ҡͷĿ͸һԡ
һʼΪeͺռݾԵƣڿҲʮֵʹࡣ
δ֪ǿ־ģ
˭ҲϣһԣΪǶǾŵµˡ
ǾŵˣȻ޸׵Ļ֪Ժ϶m׷ɱˣ
˭Ըһ𾴵m֮˱ɱm׷ɱ֮أ
˿̣
eͺԴԭǻ׼š
˿֮ҲǸСġ
ˣ
һɰ׵ΧɢֻȥȻʮֵĻˣȴҲʮֵĿš
eͺ׼Լ֮ʣ
֣ϷһöģӰ
ģ֮ӰϿգĽӳ£Եø
λǵ֣豾һã
׵֮һֻ֮˲֪ʲô




3600  ݹʤ
 

һǰǶʲô⣿ȥû˰
ʲô˲˵ģ˼ҿǽڵȻԼĵư
һģĶȥӰ
Ҹо˼ˢӵģϾҸeͺôˣȻ̫ˣ
ľӮҿᣬ̫һ㣡갡
Ͻǣ
һȺǱָָĿ׵ʽһǱŻɵ̬ȣ
ʵǣκ˶о̫ܡ
ƷƵˣҲûκεĵ
˵Ӱ
eͺһǿߣǶԸһѾǷǳĲף
һҪԸʵЩԽܵĸо
֮䣡
һɹĪ׵Χ˸оһѹ֣
ͬʱ
ΧѾγУһɹɲ֪ʲôطðҲǲϵǿţ
һôܡ
ԶɽԭһȻĿŶףȻǿ׵ʵ
ǽeһУоЩˣôܻeأ
漣
漣ô׳֣ǾͲ漣ˣ
Զɽ֮ǰһΪ׺ܿҪˣǿ׳Źȥôʱ䣬ҲǸоЩ˼顣
ڿΧȻǿҲǵһ
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
ĪǾǰö
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ԶɽüͷѾǽ壬Ҫⶫʲô
һҲû˭ͣ
峾Щ˷ܵĿԼĸ׵֪ûôļ򵥣һҪʹԼɱ˰
ԶҲǵЦһĿֲʵѾֹһˣ
ţ
Զǽĸ֣Լ˼
ţ֪ȻͷųǴӺζ
Զɽ̾һԹӢ۳꣬仰Ȼ
ҲΪʤĿˣ
ԶԶɽҲ΢΢һЦʵ
ԶɽЩ˵ò˵ȿֲԭвСĲļҲǳ׵Ĩƽ˲ࡣֻ
˵˼ԸһӣԸ˾ͲһˣԶʵ
ԶɽͷţeͺܹĳɾͣҲǳصİ
ģټڵԶʮֵĿԶЦŵ
ĿԴɣ
ԶɽжһЩʧУ
ǰһķӣʱʱҲ˰
ôȥˣʵѾǿ𾳺۷壬κεĴˣ
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ƽǰĻ羳ԶɽƺôңԶ
ˡ
һԭ֮Ѿʧˣȡ֮һֲƣ
֮䣬΢΢ը죡
׵ĸǰһֲѹ
ݣ
޷潣Ѿǳ׵УϢɱǶeͺҲǽŲѣ
Ǵ˿׵ǻҪǿĵزģ
֣йŹ֣Сˣ
eüͷ壬ԭһĨͲмѾʧ
ҲΪŵĵͷ֣⡭һôܻᡭ
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ΨһܹģȿһʵжôĿֲ
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ڵڲϷӿ룬һ͸ɵĺˮһ㣡
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ֱӼԼǿɱУֲƺҪʳһ㣡
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ԭѾֵ͸һ˿⣡
eͺԥ֮ʣȴȻǵⲢ⣬һǿޱȵĽ
裬Сġ
eɫҰףǵѾǽ賹׵
ʱȻҲ֪ԼĴӲͷƤǵֱȥ
Ϊ˿̵ѾǱ޿ɱˣ
һĳ䲻⣬úֻм֮޻֮ˣ
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һ˲ѱֱӽס
һ̣
һεĶۿȥ֮ʣȴһ˿ֲʵ
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㡭
費ϵſˮΪ֪׸ղֺĻôѾһˣ
һԵeԭİѾǵȻ޴棬ôճյĿףһӾȻЩʧˣ
ֹУʮּɻģ
Ȼʱû͵ϮѾǶȻˡ
սپɡ
ײδ̫ͣЪһεʧԭأeʱŵĿΧ
Ϊ֣Ǽһһεʧˣ
轻ĵãѾȲѵӦսˡ
֮ǰһޣ
eû뵽ǣ˼ѹûУоԼˣ
ЦǣԼȻԼǿѧûʹóȥѾһͿˣ
˿̣
ϽһƬ׶




3601  ׼
 

Ͻǣ
޴Ļ쳹ǣһ˵׵ĳֲһ󾢲Ŀհף
ȻײˣǶ˵״ľ
̫ţ˰Ⱳܹ˵ţϷĿˣ
ֲ̫ˣֲ̫ˣ治֪ôİ
ʲôһɶģ˼ǰǸ
Ժֶһǿ˰Ī
һȺ¶˻յı飬Ƕ׾ʲôİŮһ㣡
װȻվeͺĸǰһ·ս٣Ȼ
Ӳӷ棬׼һҲǻ裡
漣
һǳˣ
ӲԭԼͷϵʯͷǳ׵ˡ
׼ҵĸסˣһmе档
ҪǣһΣ׼еν쳹ˣ
Ժ׼ҵķչģ
״ˣӮӮˣӮˣҾ˵Եģ
ƷƴʱԸӣ֮֮ǰԼŻ᳤Ҫ˺ܶࡣ
ӲҲ¶һ˿Цݵʵ˷˼˼
ӷҲǳ׵ķֲ֮ǰӲ֮˶治ɫ˼ԭһ۲۵ĳְ
һmǳ׵˳̨ˣƷҲǼ˵
ӲЦһԺɾˡȻ׼»ǱҲҪŵԵġ
峤ˣҪ׼Ҹɣ⡭Ҳ̫˰
ӷ濴ӲҲЩˣ
ʵһʼӷûֹΪ׸õ
ˣ˼£ӷоЩˣ
Ӳɫһӷ棬׼һ䣬׼ѾǱmгԵˣҿҲѾǲˡ׼ת˵ĻǲǶ𣿶һҪʧˡ
⡭峤ˣӷֻǡ
ӷɫһ죬ʵҲΪ׼ҿǡ
Ӳһӵ²ˣ׼mѾǽ³Թֻһ·ˣ
ǰƮҡĲ룬ƷΪܹ죬ʱȻҲ
ƷƿԼĸ׺ӷ棬ҲǷԼĿ
˷ǿΪ׼ҳͷʵҲǱԼȻڵĴ¿ǿmڵ̬һֱҲʮֵʣԱΪ׼Ӧϡ
ӲҲǳ֮жѾһּȵϿ!
ƿmʼٴ˼ҾԼԼͽӺӣ
ٵڱס׼ҵĸһ׮׮һѾӲײһּȵϿɣ
ο
˷m˭֪׼ҵʵҪԿmѶĴ
ײmģӲԼЩ궼Щˡ
˼һ˶ˣǿ׼ҷЩηηˣ
͸£
˼˵ȻӲĽҲֻĽˡ
ͣҪôѣƺ˼̫ˡ
ҵȻ峤İţڻ̫Сӷ浣ǵ˵
ýСýСǽ׳׼ҵļˣٽڵʵһɲ𣿱˵⽣ѾǿѾɹģˣ
Ӳý˶ݵʱڣչӦòǺѣ
Ʒƿӷ棬Ҳӷ壬һɣ峾Ĵ磬ѵ˵𣿡
⡭峾ôᡭ
ӷҲüʵȻҲǲ̫ܹ⡣
Ǵ峾׼ҳ˵ȷû뵽ġ
ˣӷ棬Ʒ˵ֻҪ㣬ҲɵӡҸںѾ˾
Ӳӷ棬ҲЦ
ӷ΢΢һ̾ðɣȻָоǺܺãվǱȱ˳ԵҪ̫ˡһ㵹ǲģλ츳ȷǿֲĺܣ
ҲǱ޷˵һԭ׼ѾƿڡһҲʼҵֻվˣɹʣ
Ӳ֮дһ˿ļᶨԴӺһ׼֮ΣУ
ԭ׼ҿͭǽڣû뵽ⱤݾȻڲɵľƵˣ
ĽѵѲɲ
ţңΪޣ£
˽̸֮ʣһ׵Ĵ˷ܵĽ࣡




3602  ޳m
 

ϽǵĻδɢȥ
ʱ
һŭѾһε˽Ŀ⼯mߣ
һ̶û뵽mоȻ˵ĲҪ
˱ˣ
ȻҪץˣⲻǿȨʲô
ӮˣλεҲǱeͺն£
ˣmеһӶûС
˸ӾúЦǣmľŵ£ӵòǻ۲ĺȻҪ¼޸ڵˣ
֪⽣ڵŷұǿǷmͷ֮һ
ú޸εҲŷұӵͽܣ
ôǶmһĪķ̣
mĹˣȻܣ
֮ǰ״ɱķʱѾǳ˹ȵˡ
û뵽ǣƻվǸϲϱ仯죡
һοƲ⣬ú˷֮һͿأҪԼȥˡ
޸ף
һ뵽ߣ˶һëȻĸо
ϣ෴̶ȵĺ׻һ˿ĸо
ŮӢۣŮǿߣ
οһλòǻƵŮôܲϲ涼Լأ
eĳţǰҲЩΨΨŵŵĸо
Ͼأȴ˺һĸо
ֻݲͬͬͬǼǲһġ
ӵŸղŵĶԼҲ֪Լ׵ƢҪôҪôԼ
ǳӶˣ֮һʮ֮һûеĸʣΪʲôƫƫͱԼأ
֮ǰ׼ңԼļƻһƻʱоһ̣
û뵽ӶĲֶƻˣͬһˣ
δ˵֪ھҪµҲȻ鷢ˡ
һپһ
ô򵥵ĵȻĺܡ
ΪԼźʹŵͷϵͦʵں֮еġ

Ҫ£ͽĻҲ׵Ĳmìܰɣ
ǺǰϣǶóײδ뵽֮С
Ҫǵȵһںϵ֮еĻǵʱЩʲô¶̫ˡ
һ£
׵ΧѾǳʮλ֣˽Χˮйͨ
˿̣
װ׶ȻһЦôm֮Ҫ㲻ˣ
ʲô˲ˣڱm֮ˣΪڵΪ㻹ӵԹ־ܣһ
ϿףҲ
ʲôղűŵµλֵ¶ԼˣǱڵδޡm֮˵㻰Ƿmأ
׿ŰϣҲ
֮ӹһ˿ľʶһҲ֪Լռ֣
ܿҧҧmʲôʱ˵㻰ˣҪӭȢŵ£ҲȲǲ˵
ֱЦĺܡ޾Ͳ޾mһֺϷ
ײмĳ֪һֱ֤˺ܶ顣
ʱ
ף˳Ȼʾϵ¡
ĻҪ˵ЩʲôǿźӣҲǱȻȥ
˵㻰ˣֻ˵Ҳû㽣һֱmΪУܼ޸һ˰ɣ
ף֮вһ˿ɫʵ
˱ˣ
׺ãźҲ
һաɲ̲˵
΢΢ҡͷˣ㲻н֮ˡŵ¿ѡԼҲѡСڶԽܣֻǱڲŵ̸κε
mҪ׽÷֮Ҳóһ·ģ
ɨһȦλսŸ߲֮ˣҲŵ˵
Ϊʲôô˵
Ϊ֮˾ԲΪһŶmĵġ
ţϾ׳ڸ׼ҵĹϵ΢һЩЩŸĹϵô
mҶ֮󣬽ıһ֡ҽmϵҲᣬm֮Ҫıˣǧ򳼷ŵĿɲԼm
׿źҲǳЦһ
һǸˣ˶ԼǿԻ߳ȥġ
û̸ˡ΢΢һ̾ƾˣҪ±ڣ񣡣
߱ڣһӣ߱εǿһĴȺ֮ð˳
ȥӵٺˣ
ŵ˱壬򷨶Щ˰ɣ
ںΪ˸ҳִʱ֮ʣ
һѾ쳹ˣҲһĲ죡




3603  ̬
 

̫٣
һ̳˵֮У
ԭλΪһĿ϶׼֮ˣû뵽ǣȻһǿվ֧ˣ
Ӳ˿̿٣ҲǹһЦȻұѧϰ֮ģ
ЦһΪʮŵȻҪάȨκˣԺ𣿡
ҪmԿˣ
ɫʮֵѿ֪һǾ¿ͷѣ
׼֮⣬û˸ʱȻm⡣
Ͼ˭±
Щţϸоġ
̫ȻҲоΧ֮ڣ̫һʮֵĵ͵ұأܶm̫в
ڼϺһɱﵣǱڶƽ޺۵İ֧֡
Ȼ޺ûбֳ̫m飬Ѿǰmĳֲɸ˵Э
ȻˣЭǺŪģ˵ǴmʵǴˡ
˭뵽һ˾Ȼ̫ڡ
Ī̫ڸ֮仹ʲôϵɣ
һоķչԽԽƫˡ
ǽӳ죬ʱӿɾͶ˰
ٿźв֮⣬мЦһŵвˣ̫ȻţȴҲmвοƺҲֲmְɣ
֮Īm
ŭ٣Ҳǰʮ׼Լ˵ǡ
ֻǾں˵һʱһһͦ
ҫ󸱸Ҳҫƶ˷ϳ˵֮С
Цһŵ£ǿӲвͨġ
죬ҲҪmԲɣ
Щ֪ٵĳֻı档
Ψһģ˵ԭ֮֮ǰ˴ѹ£
΢΢һ̾ҫܹ˵һ仰ģĳΪŵвҵȣʵǺѷڣ
úúã̫ڡҫǸţ
ĿŶˣһԺܶ˶ʮֵԥ
˵δ˵ʵһеķ򶼻ûж
˭֪ڲǰķ꣡
˵գҲǳŷ޺۵ķһۣ
޺һȻϸm붫֮£ƺûκεĹϵλm׵վ˶棬λпǹ뷨
ʲôʱϥǹǱˣٿŷ޺ۣҲһ
٣⻰ʲô˼
޺۱ôһ̼Ҳǳ׵ŭˣ
Ȼйʱôֵܱĳأ
ϳЦһǿͣο׼ҶɹѹأǸѡԴѣʲôʱҪ˵ɫˣ
ߣѣ׼ҵѱ𣿡޺
ô˵Ҫmסˣ˵Ļ̫ھԹۣ
ٸ޺Ҳǳ׵ĸˡ
һԵķҲĳͬ뷨
챾Ҫ˭赲ˣ׵Ҹ״ڱĶԼǸ״ΪȻҲʳԣ
һŹŵİ취ĺܣ
ٿźҲǼ̵˵
ȻǲһҪ֪ױǵ
Ȼˣ
ʵٺͷҲ֪׵֮пŷǳĸֵġ
˵ٶˣٶ˫Σ
Ҫǲܵ飡
ǽ㳲л
˵ʱı̬ҲΪԺһʵĻ
ͬҲΪ˳׼
ţ
˶֪ƺڵȣڷ̬ȣ
ûķ̬֮ǰû˭ĵ϶֡
ڴͷĻıһ߿¶ǳԲġ
ܶǿڵ̬Ȳ׼Ķ
ţ£
Ǽ̽ʵҪ̬ȱڵԶɽ̬
˿̣
ԶɽԶľ¥ҲǷյص룡
һҲǿԶɽΪֱ̬Ӿƣ
ԶɽΧ˵һЦŵ鱾ھͲˡ
ͷһϲ׼˵ԶɽȴŵҪһ顭




3604  ڵľ
 

Զɽ
Ĵû֮һ
Ϊʲô˵û֮һΪǿűڣԶɽڵ
˵ǴҲΪ
mĹԴmһ
һһ棡
ԣ
۷޺١ǣʲôľʵ޹غڴ֣
ֻܹ֮һǱԶɽ
Զɽ˵׼֣˭׵Ķ֡
ղҲһ̽Զɽĵ߶ѡ
Զɽ˵£ȻǼֵġ
ֻҪڲ룬˵Ͼ͸ǹ׶ˡ
٣
죿
Щں˵һп޵ˡ
˵˵ӰȻ˵΢΢ȴҲʲôӰ졣
ֻǾں׼ϲ׼ܻ֮ʣԶɽȴԹԵǱҪʲôˡ
Զɽʲô飿
ɻ󣬲ֻҪûʲôϵҲνˡ
Цһ֪ʲôϲҪ뱾λ
ŵ˵Цˣоŵ¼ԣڵȷһҪԶɽ΢΢һ̾ˡ
⡭γԣ
һЩȦĸоΪԶɽһ䲻ϲµĻƺָ
ǺҲ̫ȥ룬⻰Щˣ֮ͬ٣ֺ벻һ˵أ
ڵȷˣӦ÷ƴһˡȻˣһҲҲΪˡ
ԶɽźҲ΢΢һЦ
ʲʲô˼ƺ뵽һ̫õĿԡ
ĪԶɽʱҪλԼĶӣ
Ļ򼴽Ҫ츲صľ䰡
úоõǣ֮ǰ峾Ϊ簡
һ
峾ǳΪһε󵽵ʲôͲ˵ˣ
һ뵽ߣ
ɫһӱòôÿˡ
ԶɽɨһȦΧȻ֮ǰeعӡ身֮Եʱ򣬱Ϊع뺫ӶȻսʤ֮
ǡ
޺۴ʱԶɽӣҲǾ㵵ʵ
ԶɽȻһЦǳĳЩȴж֮ղűԼĶӴģû뵽ھȻˣעڵ֮λ
ι˶Ϸ޺۾ʵ
Ҳ˼ȻλȴڵġСҪʲôڱ֤Ǻϣ
Զɽŷ޺ۣҲǱ˵һ䣡
޺۴ʱɫЩ̫ÿͻıʵȷЩֲ
״ˣҵΰջس
峾ԭΪԼĸΪ̫ŶԼЦġ
ôҲû뵽龹ȻģԼĸ׾ȻҪλôԼˣ
ƵǣԼĸ׻ǵ֮˵ģһ˿˿·ûˡ
Զɽ˫ں󣬰Ȼ˵Ϊǿĺܣһ֮ѡڵѡԴӽ쿪ʼʲôѡǶΪ˳еΣ
ף
峾⹪һμǰδеֳظС
·ǧصһӾѹԼϣ
˵ʵ
ǲָоĲһ
Լĸ˵һ֮ǰκεľǿԵġ
ڵÿһغڣδ
ãǾŵ´̨ĳ˻ҲӼ峾ŵӾǲΥɱ⣡
Զɽһ̤Ƕ
λųһǿߵˣһһ˵ľ
Ҫ֪峾ʮ궼ûеΪڵֱǳ
ٳԶɽ뷨ıףΪ˼궼ûе
ɫ൱ѿһ峾⣬ҲЩΥĵ˵ϲΪ
ŵ¿ˣ
峾Ĩһ˿ĻȣѾֱ׵ķ˹ȥ
Ҳû뵽ȻԭѾ˶ֵĴˡ
ƫƫʱھȻ飡
һʱ䣡
˵ˣҲЩ˵ĸо
⣬ϲˣЦһ
Ǵ磬Ϊأһ᳾⻹Ҫȥڿء
峾һϯֱӵǸǹ׶ˣ
ֻ˵û̫£ѾǹΪ
׳׵İȫˣĵϣڵ˵һ仰ͬʥּһ㣡
ȴδɩ̸ˣǲ顭
״˿Ϣ֮Ѿռ˾ԵϷ磬׵ӣҲǴ޾ľį֮ɫ




3605  İ
 

δɩ
ĸ֣ڶmһּµƣ
ȻʱѾǳ׵ķˣ
Ǿôˣʱ²˳ЦԺmҲûκεĵλˣ
Ȼ˵ǿΪ
֮һҲɵӣֵ˵ĶԼǲܹʵֵĻԺ˭أ
ڴ˭mǴˣ
裬ʵϾǶmһ衣
Ȼˣ
ʵײҪ֮ǰҪ޸ʵҲΪĳЩĿǡ
ֻΪƯ
ɲȱʲôƯŮˣΪܹȢҲǶmһִ
Ҫ֪ĴɱķԺ󣬺²ˣ
ԭ򣬻ΪǶԼʵ˽
ŽһεĴս֮֮˿Ҳ׵ĸԼĶעˡ
ӻ˶ûκεİ취
ȻΪԼҲǿֱĨɱף֪ܡ
ΪһֱǱˣ֮ʣû뵽峾⾹ȻĳΪڵ
ô˴򣬸аŵ鶼ǱԼ˸飡
׵ļһٲȻͳΪⱲӵĿˡ
ߣһĿ
ڰ֣Ȼ̾һʱҲҲû뵽Һһȴһϣ
£Ī嶯
ϵ˴˿ҲǼȰ裬֪һѡҲ͸Ҫˣ
Ǽ޸ɵmĳ϶һӣ
mԸ⿴пʵ
棬ʵõĽֻһǾǺԲã
Ͼ
Ǻˣһоͻ׵ϣνĻҲͳΪ޻̸֮
Ǻ֪һԼˣԼ˺ֱܿ
ûԼıӻȻ˽ͷ³Ҳõʲôطȥ
m֮ĶԶôĲпᣡ
δٿˣ˿׵Ӯˣ
Ȼ֪ӮˣղžŵͼնɱĳĳȻҲǼˣ
ɷһСŮӼƽƽȥģǲ̫СǼˣ
ɷСŮӣŵ˵Ĺϵǲеˡ
׿źҲǿЦһҡҡͷ
Ů˾ưŮƾͻӵԡ
ղ׼ҪԼƲһӾͱСˡ
Ȼշ簡
̾һˣȻжԼǱȻѭԼ

һӱ÷һٶʧܣúǵ˸߹ͷ­
ʲô˵ɡ׵˵
㡭Ҫܶ࣡
һ㶣ԭΪԼӦһȻǿϲֹ
Ҫ֪Լݼ޸ˣǷվmĶ棬µģ
˵£ȻǱ˼ߵǣı֮ѰҲһ˿ϲ֮飡
һúЩʧ䣡
˵ףһŮˣ
һ˶ԼһȤûУʲôݣڴʱʧ䵽Ĳ
ŵµĿ佱ĳɲ죬ָŵڸ׼ѱڸأ
׿źҲǵȻһЦڶŮ˵Ŀޣνĺܡ
ʵϣ
֪Ů˺ѲҼĴӦΣ
mĿŮ˼޸Լģ
ʵûʲôģȻԺˣȻԷ֮֮
ݽɫת䵹ͦ죬ҲԳƱˣǳƺԼΪ
ֻԽǷŵ̬ԽŮ⡣
ƺû˿ϧı㣬ĳҪһˣ
㡭
ɫɷףҲĿɿڴ˵
Ϊmľŵ£ı˦һֽ飬ˣ
鲢ûκεôȴm涪
׳òҪ̫ˣǻֻҪǺܹ֣ĳȻҲŪʲô
һĭԭһĨ߰һƺȻ޴棡
Щ˵첻Ψأ
ĳţֻ˵ˡ
װĻӦúһЩҲһ
Ҫ֪һκεľǸmһߵڣûлͷ·ˣ
ڳ֮˭ӵйأ
׼ᶨһ̺ǱɽһҲһ˿ڻ




3606  
 

Եޱߣ
׵һϯֱϽΪ֮
ǿƵ˸һޱߵİȫС
ǺԼײվͬһӪ֮У˿̵оȻҲһĪů
С󣬺һֱǱеĽӣ
˭֪ӳ˶ôʹأ
׵ʶֵܽüʮֵأǺֶεĻѾǱ˿еͷӶʣˣ
һƹʣʵҲֻԼ֪ԼǴѪȷ֮ɱģ
һŮˣһʵûʲôҰĵŮˣһΪ˱Լò𷴿ȭͷ
еļ˵¶ˣ
˵һֱòǻ۲ٵĸŮ
˭ܹ֪ʵĺҲҪ˺ǻأ
׵һ仰úһֱ˺ǻĸоָо֮ʱԼ۸ʱԼĸվӣ
ȫУ
̤ʵİȫУû뵽򣬾Ȼ˸Լĸо

һЩЩķ̣ΪǼᶨķԼĸmˡ
ƫƫȴҪԼmŮ
ţԼı飬ȥʮֵĮ
ڵŮˣ˭Ҫ۸Ȼ̤űڵʬˣ
컹ͦ˵ģɵ̫Ļ»Ļᱻжأ
ٵ˵ʵĲѾǱһЩۼ֮˿ˡ
Щ˵ƺҲûκε壬ﻹ˵˵ɡҲ֪Ҳ֮ҪޣĳȻĴ֮
˵ҲУȻ֪ڵĴ
ҪȻĻߵҲ˲ҪץԼ
ǽ
ҲΪһ޸ԼǽҪԵm޾׷ɱ
ԭ¶Цݽŵ˵ҪȢǱھ͸ߣɸҴűȥ

Ҳסˣû뵽ôļ򵥡
ô򵥣
ȷûˣһεʵ
ûˣ΢΢ҡͷȻŰϵϣǻȥɡ
£Ǹʲôϵ˾
˲֪ʵѾ֪ˣҪַͬھ
һȥǸڴֵ֮Ŀʼ
˵ǰmûɹڵĻôɾͱʮֵĳˣ
ֻײʲôΪm̫в
mȺǻţ⻼
ǾȻܳԼжֵġ
ɺȴΪ׵һʵϻΪmĹף
жᣡ
Ŀһ۰ϣҪͨԼ߰ϣҪ޸ף
ҪͨԼԼĸǰԼҳϡ
һ尡
һĳΪ˽ڵŮˣԶĳΪmĳ裡
˵һʼͲӦôӦƻĶԼ
ˣٲ
ɺջΪȫmѡ˴Ӧס
γ棬Ȼ׵ԭ򣬿Ҳкԭ
ڶδ֪£С֮Ҳ׵ķɾ衣
ݺ䲻̫ܣ˭֪һأ
ϵ˿źᶨҲ΢΢һ̾ȻѾ˾ҵȻȥȻʵˣ
ˣ°ɣ
֮зһ˿ƣ֮С
һԵ峾⿴ҲЦŵɩΣҲɩӷϴ
˭ɩ
ûİһ峾⣬ȻΪmŬݵȷޱȡ
ʵϣ
ûҪлԼĸ׿
ֻҲҪԼĸջôԴ
Լ׵̬ȣսɣ
һ뵽ߣ
֮ҲǴһ˿ڴįڴԼĸܹȴԼĸַ֮Ҳһġ
峾⵹νĿźһĴָ磬У
ЦһȻ鵽˵ط˵ɣ֮½ϣҵȲҲˡ
磬Ҹ״ǻȥ˵ɣ
峾ƺӵʲôָҲɫȻ˵
˵꣬һ˵ȳڵķ򼲳۶ȥ
µģֻǷ޺۵Ŀɿڴı顭




3607  Զɽ
 

ڣ
룬棬֮أ
ܹչΪΪǿţҲǲ޹ϵġ
˵Ҫõһʵ¡
ԽǿţԽռΪԴ
ھôķչѾ˹Ŀ࿴ˡ
ڣԴˡ
ҲΪˣ֮ǰԶɽλԼĶӣҲ˼ĺ䶯
һУô
ԶɽľôϷĽԼҪλøԼôᣬûоʲô˵Ķ
ܣ
Ȼ˲²ⲻԶɽͼǺܶ˻Ҫ֪һеΪʲô
ڣ
˿Ѿǽ֮УƺҲûע͵ڵ͵顣
׵ԣǱƺľ׵ķһ㡣
֪Ƿŵȥ᷿ϢƬ̣
ԶǴ˿̴ԶɽҲЦеʵ
׿һۺ˵Ѿûκε·ˣ벻кη
⡭
ԶЩ֪ôˣԭΪ׿϶ˬĴӦġ
Ϊ̸ʱֻҪ΢еӵ˶Ӧ֪϶mйء
˵⣬رӦ顣
û뵽ǣ׾Ȼرܶˣ
ԶǸҪ˵ԶɽѾЦһԶǣȻ˵޷Ǳ޷ˡʵϣܶ鲻˿ģǸŵ֮Ѿ֪ˣ
ǱڲıˣǺǡ˷ԭĳֻҪ̽̽·ڿĳһѾõĸо
׿Զɽ֮ҲɢһĨŵĹâ
Զɽ΢΢ͷŶ˼ƺЩ̫ö
ֺαĳǰأʵϽ鿴ɺϣʵӦҲ˼ȶ˰ɣ
׿ԶɽЦЦʵ
Զɽһֵ治һ˰֮λԭڱڵĿǷΧ֮ڣֻһֱûкʵĻᡣ
״ˣǹģ峾⾪
Զɽ̾һ˵Ҳģ˵Ҳġڵȷû뵽ĿӮeͺˡ
ӲһҲ˵ڱҲûлعأ
׼ܹȺǿæҲǲеˡԶɽ
һԹۣûףѾǽ𽥿ˡ
ԭĵһǾĵһĿ׼У
һжѾǰ϶飬ȴӲı˸˼ƻ
ټϽǵ飬һַ˵ĸо
ӲЦһǰ׼׼ѾǳΪmϵˡ
ŶԶɽɻĿ˿Ӳ
ӲĿһۺȻһӦҪδķˣͨ׼ϯϣҲǱ׸Ӻӣͼֱնɱڶȡ׼ҵĿȨ
Ӳ˵ʱ򣬻ߣ
˵ȻʧˣҲûʲô˵ġ
ŵôĿŵĶ֣mҪ𣿡
ԶɽźҲʵ
мĿһԶɽΪһ䣬ôڱŮӵĸǰװǻأ
ǣԺе˰
ԶɽҲûмķǲŵĳ˵һ䡣
׿ԶɽЦһƮҡ⻼ж־ķô̰أˣ
峤֪׼ʲô̬ȣԶɽһεԾʽĿӲЦʵ
Ӳ˼˵m׼Ҷ죬׼Ψз𷴿ˡΪս׼ѾʲͶϣҲΪ޵Ĳһౡ֮
ӲǹȻ棡
ӲĻҲǷȻվŭָӲ
Զɽʼմһ˿Цŵ£֮Ѿ֪ûбҪˣǻˡ
ӻҪǺǣ
ף쵰
ףҲǶݺݵ˵
ԹΪڵʵԿmжٵİգԶɽʵ
ôʣĳҲʵʵ˵ˣûκεİգ׵˵
ǼأԶɽЦʵ
Ҳһɵİա׼
Զɽ¶һ˿΢ЦȻûκΰյĻʲô֮ǽأ
׻վȻĿԶΪԼΪ򣬸Ϊ˴ޣm𣬴ûδ
ߣף̫ԴˡΪ˭ܴ𣿡
Ҳˣһ˵Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ֻǽһĻ˲䰲




3608  Ǻ
 

ڣ
ʵҲǽѣԶɽ˽ס˹Լ̸֮¡
ʵ֪ܲνϾǶԸm
Ϊmľŵ£ֻĿŶΪⱾһĪķ̡
ǱߴʴʵʱҲǳ׵ŭˣ
ֻ⾪ŭδ£׵һϯֱóڵļ˶סˡ
ھǴޣҲǲԣ
׵һ仰úڵԶɽӲҲ𾪲ѣ
ޣ
˵ʵҪޣǱ˳
˵ʵǿһЩܴ޵ġ
ȼɭϣȼֻʵĵȼҲݵĵȼ
mһ˵ǿԴһ޵ġ
ֻ޵m֮ˣݶm˵Ͽɣ
ҲΪʲômҪڵĿ޵ԭΪԼ˶̸˳أ
򣬲ǸmŸɵ֡
أ
mνƲˡ
ԭʵ˶֪Ǿmͳ
ڧԭҲΪmͳ⡣
mնػߵĻôҲˡ
Щɲ˵
Զɽ׵ĻҲǾһﹻˡ
ĺţӵű޷󼰵ʵ
Ҫޣǻ̫˵㣡
ĳɹƷmͳΣʱ˵仰Ҳ١
һССĶڵҲ˵ȴԲѵĻ
Զɽô˵ѾǸ׵ˡ
ҪǻһˣֱӾҪԶɽһͳǧ֮ˡ
ӲҲǵǿԴҵȷͳmȷҲǿԴҴˣ
ƾҲҪƷҸ״˵ͳΣλǲܵ顣
סŭ
Ǻǣ붼룬̸أοô֪ڲƷ㸸أ
׿źҲЦһƺŭ
ãȻ⣬Ǳ͸úõ˵˵ղŲһֱ˵״˲ͳ𣿿أҲһȺmΪеѣʲôʸ˵ˣ
ҲǱ׵ǹӰŭˣƾʲôôţ
Ҫ֪ǿ൱ŵһˡ
һоԼһĨһݺݵĲ˽ŵˡ
Ǻܽܵʵ
ڵķҪһ޵ݡ
һʱ򣬾ֱӴÿһ˵ġ
ԶɽӲʵܶ˷mǺܻġ
Ҳһǳ⣬ǾԲ˳
ôһֱ͵ĺܣm̫ͻΪʲô
Ϊ֪mʱǲôġ
ȻmͳΣʵûȥԿm
귴m˽פʱȻΪṩһʱıҲͲ֮ˡ
ԭ򣬲֮˲뷴ڵm
Ǹûȥķˣʱ˾ͻ˵Ҫ޵ˡ
Ǹڵmжأ
Կη
mܴΪǱһֱĭ
ԶɽʱźϬ⣬Ҳ¶֮ɫи´޴ңҵôôأ
mҰģҲͳҵΪʲôƷǣӲҲŭһ
峤˵ĶûҸ״˲ͳһ㱾ҲǳϵġѾˣôܻʲôͳأŽһĸĸףٿô޲˵۸ɣأŵĲԼһЩа˼ѣ
ԴǣԶɽӲҲƵ޻˵
һԵƷƿźϬҲһŵ»ݣȴҪΪ򵥣㻹Ӧõġ֪ŵû˵һ仰Ϊ鲻Ϊȫ
ǣȻǼƷҸ״ˣǾǾͳ𣿼ֱЦ
Ȼ͵˵ĻȷҲǲġ
˳ɹˣҲͳmʲôأ
˵û˵ˣղŲ˵ĺ𣿡
ͱ˵ĿףҪĿ겢ˣǿǰһӡ
ڵĺΪľǴ
ǣĸ״ͳǵ飬ôΪھʹͳأ
׵һϯֱúɫ䣡




3609  ھ͸һ
 

ڣ
ǺһԵԶɽҲһȻĿס
һﻹʲô˵
ͳ
ǱҪһǾնػߡ
涼˶ˣȥʲôػߣ
ģǶͳ
ʵ˶֪ҪҸͳǲܵ顣
ҲΪʲô֮ǰͷm˶оͱһɵԭ
һػߵݣԺ޵İˣ
mΪʲôһֱܹȵǣΪǶϾ˺ܶ˵룿
ЩҪЯӶҲʲôȥأ
װףñ˵ʲôأܴͳΪܵģ
ŭЦԭǴһ׵ġ
ôҲû뵽һﾹȻ֪ܵ˵ԼԴͳ
ⲻ
mΪ֮ǰµӡǣǶֶ̫̫Ρ
mԱ֤νػǲڵġ
ǻл
ԶɽҲüͷ𣬺ȻҲҪ֪һеΪʲô
֮ǰԶɽ϶Ϊһںߵˡ
ڣ֪ǰ֮˵¼Ϊĳȣֿ֮ˡ
ҲΪʲôԶɽ׵Ļ֮ǲɻԴԵԭˡ
֧ͳ֮ˣ״ʵʵ
ԶɽݺݵĵͷԭһֱmԴӵm֮㲻m̫ţ򣬺ܶ཮ӦҲˡ
ߣᡭ̵
ǲңmֶΣŵԼ𣿡Զɽŭһ
ɫһ䣬ǵҲҸ״ƾʵĽɽ˵仰ܸıġ
ǣŵ»ǽ簡Զɽ֮ҲǼ
ЦһǱδޣԺǼ޼漦޹湷ˣ
ǳ˼ô㣬ΣհӲһҲѵ
ЩȻ˵ˣǱҲ˵ˡ㣬Ϊ˸mһʵɶѣϾڣûкʵɣmһʱỹǲҶǽڵģ
Զɽ⿴ʮֵ͸һӴ˺˼
ԭЩ΢˲ɷһƬ˲𴩵ĸоĲ̫á
׿һۺӣЦһҪҸɶm˵𣿡
ĵȷǺܿԶɽŵģҲЦ
һԵӲҲ¶һ˿ЦݵѾ˶ԲˣʲôҪ׼ʱǰ򣡣
mҪҽڣܣЦŵ
Ŷ˵ţԶɽҲǾ㵵ʵ
һôģںҲˡʵ̫ˣһССĽܹסm㣿λûذɣ
ʱﲻ֪𣿲ﻹǵĵ㸸״ǲҪɡ
׿źҲ΢΢ҡͷ
ɫһ˵ʲôҸ״ôܶأ
Ȼô˵Ǻ˵Щˡ
Զɽűʵѣֻϧǣʦ򲻵򲻵ѶȻܲ뵽ⳡ֮СҪȻ޾Ҫ´ˡ
mѾǽڲˣ׼ҾһܺõӡĪҪɣ
ӲԶɽӣһҲͼˡ
Զɽô˵ȻҪùĵ˼ˡ
ԶɽԼڴùĵĻôҲûϷˡ
û׾ͷҲܸmڶγɿ֮ư
ӲĽдˣ
Զɽҡͷŵ˵Բ˳ԶɽţҲǲ𣿡
˵û򲻵ѣܲǲҪĺã׵˵
ǡ
Ӳˣ˼Ҷ£˵ģѾǽư
Ѳɽƾһܹmˣ
ֱ۵ݺ
Զɽһ㶣ΪҪʲôأû뵽˼ҾôӲ
ղű˵ˣ򲻵ѵģѾˡ׿Զɽһε˵
ҪһɣԶɽ˵
һЦǱھ͸һɣҲʱˣɡ




3610  ֣˾
 

ݣ
һӰ˵ĸǰƷƵ֮⣬֮˾Ŀɿڴ
ʶ棬ǰҲһͷˮ
ԶɽӲۼġ
ΪĳǿߣԶɽôûикأ
˿̣
ԶɽӲ˿ֵһ̣˸о׺䶥һ㣡
֮еĲԶ׼
һʱ䣡
չİ
棿ʲô棿
棬Ȼ֪˼Ǵʲôطġ
ʲôν治ʲôأ
Ѳһνܹ׳Ϊͳ
ֱͻϹ
ƷҲǵһμ棬ҲЩɻʵλǡ
Զɽμ桭
׼Ӳμ桭
λֱӳŶ֮һԭһмĺһɫ䣡
Ȼ
ܹ˿Ϳ֮ˣ˾Բġ
Ȼ֪ǰ֮˵ݣɾýֺͷ붼֪˵ͷ൱Ĳˣ
ʾ֭Ҳ벻ǰ֮˵ʲôݣ
ʱҲ¶һ˿Цݵҵ뿪ʱƺոճΪ峤ҲոճΪ峤ɣ
ǵģ桭
ԶɽԺ֮һ̫̫Ŀԡ
Ϊֵһ̣Ѿǵ߸е
ֲ˵ĵ˼Ѿը˰
һԵӲӶˣʱĵļ֪ˡ
Խǿ󣬶׼˵Խã
ڵףǿɲǿˣֱ˵ˡ
棡
һݣǿԽŤתǬˡ
ӲϽĳܹҼһ棬ѾƵˡֻֻǵǡ
ǰҵʵǳϻ̳Ͽְ
Զɽ̬ú㵵°ͶˣΪģΪδ֪һֿ־壡
˵˭ΪʲôᱻԶɽӲ˵Ƴ磿
ԶɽӲڴ˵пȥһСһ㡣
ȥҲ벻˭ǰλ˵Ĺɣ
֮еһ˿˶óġ
ʵЩ̲סģʵˡ׾֪λǡ
ǣŵ£ľϲˡԶɽʵ˵
ϲ
ǰŰɣȻ˻Ǿϲ
෴ģǲһ˿ĪĿ־壬ܾ鲢ôļ򵥡
浭Цһm˵Ҷһϲ
ǣļٵģŽɵʵ
ȻӲͷƤôʣĸоԽԽˡ
ֻʵ벻ǰ֮˵˭ֽmʲôӰأ
˵׻mˣĸmĹ
˵ϣmʲô鲻
ʱνڲӪںνļ޸ףԼҲһӡ
ȻԶɽв𴩣һҲûоҲʲô
ں̬û뵽ġ
ղͳ֮ͻȻôˣеɻԴˡ
Цһ㸸￴࣬Ҳྴ֣
ҸףǣӦϹʱڵĳλˣǺҪ֪֪ݡ
ͻͻĺܣϵʮֵ򶨡
Ӧϵôɣ
沢δֱӻشֻóһöȻ˵ĸǰ
Զɽ洿ȵҲ̾˵ˣֿԿˡ
С
ʧɫоǿŹһĿ棡
˵ղԶɽ˿ʱ׺䶥ĸоĻô˿̿һľˣ
ĶĻԺĴǣô벻Ƶı仯أ
ҲΪʮֵ͸Щš
治ôܻţһĺúõģ
ͻıʣúһ뵽˾֮У
ղŲ˵Ҫ˭ͳ𣿱ڿȷĸ㣬Ҵ޵ͳmͳ
ԶɽʱҲǺɣ·һֿĿһ㣡
һԵƷƵļҲдϣʵû뵽λܹԼ˵ľϲ
⡭ⲻܣܣ٣ѾôأףһˣİϷһǵģ
ЩһĿס
׵Цһ峤Ӧõ֤ˣӦ֪˭ͳ˰ɣ
δ֪㼤ʲôο½֪ѾˣŪٵĳӲͷƤ
ײδǺԶɽʵնػߣԸ׷汾Ʒmµ򣿡
Ը׷棬޺ɽ
Զɽļ֣úһ̱˵ϡ
Ѷ




3611  ڵĳ
 

ػߣ
оԼһε֮һĸо
ôҲû뵽һˣȻػߡ
Ҫ֪
ЩmΪ˷ֹǰնػߣѾ޵Ѱػߵ˿
޹
û뵽ǣ̤Ьٴȫѹ򣡣
ֻǺڵѾѿ˼㣬Ȼ䷢mҪһսˡ
ԭǿνķm˵ġ
ЩȻһЩʵǸmȣʵЩ̫ˡ
˵mĵڲ˵޵Ļʵڣ
Щ꣬mĹһֱ޻ͬʱҲҪһڲ
˷ʵҲǽӵԼ׵ָ
ͼǵ߸״»صmĻ
ֻmʵܹڶʱһʵķԾҲͶ
ڰ׵ĳ֣ĳ֡
һӷӦˣmǿĶǳˡ
˵Ӱ
Ӱһһ
˵ǵʱһεʱôжͶǻǸδ֪
棬û뵽ȻնػߣһҵԺí˾˰
Զɽ棬ҲĿϵ˵
ʵ֪Լ϶ǲʲô뷨ġ
ԶɽǸһɹսʤmǶ֮ǵ³ǰm»һġ
mҲпܱЩҰ֮ƻˡ
͸Ҫ˵Զɽô·ҵˡ
ԣ
ЩԶɽʵһֱʮֵĵ͵Ըmεìܡ
ԶɽһֱάȶԺȨԡ
ĿmǣҲm̫ĳͻ
һƽˡ
һm֣ԶɽΪʲôԼĶӼ̳
ʵѾǿΣˣΣ֮Уֲ̫Ըһڲ
ˣ뷨˾Ļ󣬶ԼĶӳ
ûһĹѾǷ˾ת
ĳ֣νǸԶɽһǿļ
˿̣
һȻֶʧȥĶȻҪûġǲǺɻҵΪʲôû
ǰǳ֮սҵȻЩһ㰡Զɽп˵
ЦһǺǣ֮ԴֻҪĵطһθĵط磬ȷѾǻɢˣm֮ȴ֪뵽ܡǰˡ
ֲãǸհԶԶɽ˵
浭һЦＫطʢ˥һǶá
˷Ǳµʢҵȱؽɾʹΰҵ
Զɽ棬ظ˵
ЦŵˣڱҪл
̸л˻ˣmΣѾû˵ڵʱַˡ뵱ҴݵʱǺεȵķֹ⣿ھһˮ
ԶɽףѾǴһ˿δй𾴡
ػߣ
ǱδmҲδδ쵼ߣ
ˣʵһ棬Ҫݺȡ
һ̣Զɽ׵ȻǷǷġ
쵼Ⱥۣǲݰ
һԵӲҲ֮ͬǰĳЩǣ񿴵֮ĳѾ̤ʵ̫ˡ׼ȫΪ˴ҵҲǸͿءѣ
ǰԲ˳֮ǰ˵ʵҲûдҵȻڷmҵҲʦԺҵȱ֮ʦ֮ʦ
ԶɽҲ˷ܵ˵ҪΪ׵һݣĲ˵Ļ
ôʱԶɽһ˵Լﻰ
̾һޱһսֻǱҪսѹһٵ˷ΧҲֻŲҴ޵ĸ򼴱mҲΪˣ
˵ػ۹ܼ
Զɽû뵽һ̣ѾҪmĸԶˡ
Ǻεȵǣ
ĪǾ֪ԼѾӮˣ
һߣ
ʱ͸˪һ㣬˵ûˡ
緢ףôҲ벻ͨΪʲôģ
λһҪ죬Ѱҵǰ䡭
׿ˣҲһε˵
ֻǵᵽͷʱһεĿɿڴ
Ҳ




3612  ټ
 

Ѱٵ
״˻һԶɽӲǺһ𾪵ģ
⵶ϢѾǴ磡
mҲѾǶ˵飬Ϊʲôʱ׾Ȼ˵񻹻ţ
ôܣ
һŵĿǰʵЩ˼
˷ףоԼܶĶ߸ˡ
Ȼţ涼ܹţһʲôأ
ɺǲţȻҲ֪ûκεıҪ
ֻڵƺҲȷҪȻĻΪʲôҪѰٵأ
ףѾˣmȷļصġ
ôǺǣǲǱѡ
굶ն֮ʱԶϾֳ
ԶɽһԵ峤ԶҲɻʵ
ΪʱԶҲȷж˵ˣ
ǿǻɢʬ޴ĳ
ԶݺݵĵͷȷǱ߱ɱɢκĿԡ
mȷĶ漣򲻿ܵġЦ漣һǿУܲܶ漣ɣ
涼漣Ҫˡ
ĵҪϢȥ֪Լûлᡣ
һ뵽滹ţĪΪԼĸ׵ǡ
Ϊ֪вѾʵˣӰǳӰ
漣漣ôһʲôֵأ׵˵ĵ񲻹һ۷ѣ
۷
ԶЩŵĿףҪ֪𰸵ˡ
ΪʱɾֳҪĿ֮͵̸ף
ͷԶϣ굶ʵѾ֪mΪ޵֪ɽлƫɽ飬˭Ըȥأ
ǵǵ񣬲дġԶü
ȷǵֻλ֪ܲˮһܵˮ
׿ˣҲ˵ܡ
ѾڵѾҪˣҲνˡ
֮ǰԼʦԼʱҲǳԾСġ
ˮ
ԶɽüѣȻ֪飬һԵԶҲЩ۾Ŀס
΢΢ͷӦǵ֮һɣˮˮʵÿζһ˳ֻ֣֪ܶǵȴ֪ʵˡ
⡭⡭ԭˣ
ԶһЩȻ򣬾ôһеĻڶͨˡ
ֵܵĻʵĻ˭ֱܹĳأ
˼ҵ̬ϢʲôĶ࣬޴ӷֱ档
Ȼˣ
ܶѹҲûⷽȥ룬ֻ֪⵶ʮֵضѡ
֮񣬵ȷ̫࣬Ϊһֱʮֵĵ͵
ʱҲĿɿڴĿףһĨ˲䱻顣
û뵽⵶Ȼһܵܣ˭õأ
ǱѩҲȷȥ벻
ǵʱĵǵˮĵܵˮأԶɽҲǺʵ
ˮ׳굶Ѿûκεİ취ˣֻһֹܹϢmձ
ȷ굶mѸȥΪǵжĿһֱʮֵȷġ
ԶɽҲǵͷ˭õǵȻûأ
Ǻȥ˰ɣԶƵʵ
˵ӦӣĻĲ֪ʲôطʦ˵һƹȵĵط
֮ǰҲԼʦŷұô˵һ¡
ֻƹȵʲôطǻǲ̫ˡ
ƹȣԶɽһüͷ
ƹȣǿԵʵƼҵĹϽΧ֮ڰ
ԶףҲǳ
Ƽң
֮ҲĨһ˿˿ζ
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ܶϢǸmйأһЩţ֪Ĳࡣ
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ԶɽҲһľ֮̾
ֻƼҵǸʲôҲһͷˮ
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ôţȻҲ֪˵ⷬ
涼ôΪˣƼҵͷ²С
ʱ׵۹Ҳǽ˵ϣҪƼҵʲôͷ




3613  
 

ڣ
˿ڣ׾͸汦һĿˡ
ʵڳ֮УҲƼҲʮֵϤˡ
ΪƼʵ̫͵ˣ͵ܹܶĳ̶ȡ
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浭˵ΪĴ֮һΪƼҸģ
Ĵ壿ƺ´½һЦʵ
һԵԶɽЦһǰĴܹǵʵȻӹɵġmҲ׵ĶĴô
˾ͿӶգüʵ
ӵҲӣֻЩ͵ĺܣֻҪ˲ǵǣǾһ̬ȡ
Զɽ΢΢ͷҲͬ׵ĳ˵
ʵΣ׿Զɽʵ
ɲ⣬Ƽǰ㲻ʲô
ԶɽЦһԭĴƺνƼҵǰ㲻ʲô
ʲôʱûˣվ֮ˡ
ۣ֮˵Ƽн羳ĳǿߣʵֲ֮Ŀడ
ԶɽĻֱҲЩʯˡ
Ȼ˵ڰ羳ҲЩ˽ģԼǻ֮塣
ﵽ̶ȣǵúķѶ
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һ㣬𾳺۷ǿ߾Ҫˡ
ֻһֱûʱȥŪ飬֮Ҫɾͻ缸ǲܵġ
ͻȻѾͻƽ˰羳ǵѾ˻ıˣ
Ȼ߻һӶͻƲˣѾǿ԰Ⱥˣ
ܹĴ˵ţôܹûеأԶɽ΢΢һ̾
һԵӲҲ̾һܹõĴ֧֣mҲҪΪ֮ˡֻϧǣĴ岻̫֮ܲ¡
ΪЦǺǵ˵
˵Ƽҵ˼ɣԶɽףҲǾֵʵ
ǳЦһǰ֪ûڿĴ൱ĲܹΪõĻԺ޵ʵһ𣿡
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붼룬Ǹӵûָ𣿡Цŵ
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Ǻǣ˵ҲǣֻǵһЦ඼׻һݡ
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ĳһ·絽ɽٵ磬֪˶ٵɱλɲҪĳһ֪ߵغСӡȻĳȥˣȻЩĵġ
ԭֻҪѰҵ䣬Ѱҵ䵹ˡ
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ʲôʲӵ壬ѾΪ׵ص㹥Ŀˡ
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ӣεҪСΪϣƹȿɲʲô˶ȥġ
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Զɽ䣬һԵԶüͷѾ
ôˣ׿ԶҲȻʵ
ԶһתȻźڵ鱨ŵƺƼҺлԼİɣ
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ʱѾɱڵĿԶû뵽ڵѾmڲҸ״˵ߡ
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׺Ȼ֮ƺһΪ󵨵ľԶɽЦŵ
׵Ļ
׺䶥һ㣬һɫɷףЩֵĿס
Ϊ֪ôѾǽˡ




3614  ׵ķ
 

׵˾֮У
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֮ǰ׵ĶԼܶ˶֪Ǹǲܵ顣
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ԭĵһһʵ׸оһֿ¡
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һֱӽԼҪԼĸ׳Ϊ档
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һŬĿԼ
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ףҲŭһ
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ΪҪȥػߵϢųȥ
ڣǵǱ˰




3615  ƼҴ
 

ڣ
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Ҳ֪ҪŮ˳׵ĸԼѶȼ
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ڶԴϣ׻Ǳֳ˼ġ
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eǺųƴ޵һô׿ԶƵ
һţǣȷ츳ߣҪ֮Ϊһſ»Щܹ࣬ŽǰʮѺѣ
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ȴ΢΢һЦڰֵ˶෴ױ¶Ŀ꣬οʵЩ̫ҡˡ
ǡԶɽҪ˵ЩʲôѾǴź뿪λģĳûаգҲ׷յġ
һ·ͦƹȵķ򼲳۶ȥ




3616  ʹĻ
 

һ·
δ̫װǺɫ棬Ҳ˿䵽˭
ȻвʣҲЩΡ
ֻЩֵǣƺӰȥ٣·ֻҪߺһܳһ㡣
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˭֪ڵmĶԹ
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3617  ֤׵
 

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ľٺһЦСӹƤӹⲻǰһٺ٣
ϣͰɡƵ˵
ľЦһͣ౻ŪӣǰmͣʲôοСѾ׵ˣʲôϵ
ͻľĻ׵ʧˣ
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׵ϵж֪ܣ
Ƶ˵ϣ޶Щ鶼mΪﲢδ룬ǻûأ
ôЦһȻ鱶ˬ
㡭
ҲεҡҡͷЩ
ʵҲľģַֻЩ޷ܡ
㡭
ں֮ʣһһĶС




3618  ѵĺ
 

ǡ
֮ʣһ˳ĸǰ
ò˵ǰŮӱ֮Լ˿ֻΪʲôԼأ
ʵղźһ̣֪˵Ļпġ
޳ֵܵزĻ¶Լ͡
ϾǸ֮䱾ͿҪз֮ˡ
Ȼһֶβʣ˿Ҳʲô¡
һֱھľĽͣҲǿ˻ľ
ڿס滹лľ֮ĶԻѾȷǻľһΪ
ֻ֮еǵƺһЩȥѡ
ںûзӦ⵽ʲôطҲһȦ
һ̣ȻһλŮԼ㣿
Լʶ
ƾʲôͺԼأ
Ī֣Ϫҽһ°ɣ
˵֮˱ǰϪʵ֮ǰľǱԹԵķɧʱϪȰ
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Ϊ׵ŮˣҲǰάĹϵ
ò˵ڴŮ˵Ĺϵ棬ȻУЩŮһС
㡭˵ɡ
ȥЩţΪ֪˻ٿ϶Щϵġ
һ뵽ղŵ飬Ҳѵ
飬ô֪ˣأ
ҽаϪҷȻҲΪŮˣԺȻҪˣ
ϪЦһı鿴ȥûκεĲ졣
㡭׵Ůˣ
ŰϪЩȵʵ
ôˣ𣿴ͬô꣬Ϊ˵ΣϪһղŵ飬ȷ
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Щ֮Աǵ˵׹ôάĪΪʵǿ᣿
㣬ϪͲ˵ˣϪͽһԼһɡ
ϪźɷƵ
ĬϪ㣬Ϫʱ򣬼Ǳ˹ϵǡΪϪԼ֮壬Ӧ˵İɡ
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ԭһĨмЦʧӰ٣ȡ֮֮ɫ
̤Ьٴȫѹ򣡣
û뵽m׷Ѱ֮壬Ȼһţ
һ˲䣡
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׸Ϊеǹƣ׵˺
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ΪɽΪУ
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һ˻ںܶʱƭˣЩôƭƭ˵ġ
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׵ҲǱЩһˡ
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ǡǸʲôϵ
˿Ĳʵһʼ׵ȷǸĸо
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ŰϪĻ׵ĸĹǳ׵ĸıˡ
ŮˣԲκ۸ġϪź
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ɫЩʹ࣬ʹǼĸԸĽףҪԵȴԼĸס
֮أúܼ尾
㸸ܻͷǰĳȻҲɱ䣡
Ŀһ˳˼֮У
˻ص棬ֻһ̣ˡ




3619   ׷ɱ峤
 

ĳ֮У
׺ͺһγԭɽ֮ϵʱƺһЩ仯
ǺûԭһĨǿƣȡ֮һ˵ĸо
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һЩָо˵
Ȼھ׺ͺԶĵطһǿҵ˲ü
֡
ʶĵס˺ʵϺԼҲǸܵһɲһ
Ǳߺ˶ˡ
ףҲǵ
ǹȥ
ǻǲҪ˰ɣƹȲǺԶ˵Ƽҵ˰ء
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ս֮еĻл뿪
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ںȻʼΪ׿ˡ
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ˣԼĶ֣ȴһԸΪԼİŮ˸Լˡ
Щԡ
׿źüͷ
ʲôԣ
ףǿҵҲǸоһս
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׿źҲ˵˼ֻ֣⼸úɫ䡣
֮ôܣ㤵Ŀס
֮ĸֵķȻ֪жôء
ӵһ˿֮ˣǶ޼Ĵڡ
û뵽׾Ȼ˵ǰ֮ӵл֮˵Щ˶ȻǴǿ
ҲΪʲôȥԭ򣬿ǱӦа羳ǿ߳ˡ
׿źҲһ˿ЦЦЦݡ
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ףҲǼæ
׿źЩŵģһֵδأ
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ֻҪ϶һȥȻҲǽŵУǿѾǳǸҲҧҧ˹ȥ
˵޼漦޹湷ĸоˡ
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ĳһɽ֮ϣ
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׿źҲЦһʵ
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ף֮Դһ˿֮ɫ
Ȼ˵ĳҲȻû뵽ġ
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ĴһˣҲġ
λ峤Ҳ˱ְȻΧסˣЦһ
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һֻףԱ֮֮ǰҪſ˺ܶࡣ
΢΢ҡͷҪۼʶ֮ϣ㶼֪Ҿ͸Ӳ֪ˣ
׵Ҳǫ飬ʲôĴʲôģδ
Ҫһ򣬿»õһʱп֪νĴ塣
ΪĴһĽ֮Ǻٱἰġ
濴Ȼܳļʶңû뵽׾Ȼǫһ档
Ҫ֪һԼĸǰһֱʮֵָ߰ġ
񿴵ӣҲûĸЦ
׵ν˵ʵҲôʱ䣬ܸ㶮һЩˡ
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֮ЩΧ峤˵˭׿źʵ
޷һڲȨһ־ǷҴ֮ˣ
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ĴȻżвͣӦûеಫĵز΢΢ҡͷȻmȻǸӲˡ£Ĵ廹̸
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·սƺҲ˰ȻĽ׶Σ
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λ峤Ҫ֧Ųסˡ
׺ͺΧ˽һʱʱ䣬λ峤ߵǰƺ뵽˾֮С




3620  mɣ
 

֮У
λ𾳺ڵǿߣǰͺ̵ĳ峤ķ񹥶ȥ
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ֵضɽҡ¾ҪҲҿˣ
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ԭһǲμƼ峤Ľġ
֪һβֻǲμӽôļ򵥡
ݶ෽Ϣ̽ƼmĿԡ
ƼҪmĹؼ
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ҲоԼЩԲˣô𾳺ǿǰͺ̵ĽҲס˵ģ
ȷǿģ
һѾնɱλ𾳺ڵǿߣʱѾɱۣ
٣峤طҵΪѡõ֮أ⣿
Ϊ֮һӣȻһϮ£ȴסǾӸµϣ
Ͷ֮䣬һµĸо
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ֲôҲ벻޾ʮǧһõôࣿ
οһֱΪǴڲ֮ˡ
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΢΢һ̾峤ʶʱΪܡĴҴҪĶ󣬽ĳ֪峤٣һ峤ˣ
ֱЦмһҪҴ޵ע⣬޵ĸ첲Ҳ̫˰ɣ
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ܱ峤λӵ֮ˡƺΪ˵
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ֻ֪Ǽսȥǰ˵ʧȻСǾĿܡ
Ҵ޵ĵؽĿŵ˭ǵĵӡ
׼֮˾һս֮ʣһѾǴ˳ȥ




3621  ĺ
 

ס
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ֵ
ѵǸʲô
ҪӢۣmôҸǼƷ֣
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ԭǴȰ뿪Ȼ󽫴¸֮Լĸס
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׵˫̤һ̣һɼΪǿϢѾ˿
˿Ҳǳ˵ĸǰ鼱֮ҲǸ

ɵ˲ԵĺüͷҲǽ
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ͻȻ֣Īĸоһ˿
Ҫ֪mλŵʮֵĳҲǴmΪ۰Ů
УߵĸȻٲ˵ġ
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ôǱҪmŵµĻǲĹ񰡣
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3622  
 

֮У
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޷潣ӳ֮£ɢɱ




3623  ֮ս
 

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µһĻɵĸǰ۾ƺǰһУ
һԵĺҲڵ
һеһгֵʵ̫죬Ƕоֲ

ʼմһ˿Цݣ·ЩûκεĹһ㣡
⡭⵽ô£
ƺףΧһ㡣
ֻǵ˿ɵʱǵҲǴžδ
ΪǷ֣ԼղǼλնɱ֮˵ͬ
жˣ
һжף涾Ҳһ־ĸо
νĸֶ֪ʲôʱԼѾǱ˶ˣ
£ۡǿǵȦˣղһֱʱ䣬Ӧþ¶ˣ
ɵԱߣһλǿҰ֮ɫ
¶ܣҴ涾£ô˶¶Լ֪أ
ҡҡͷȻԼѾжˡ
ǵ¡˻Ҫ˵ʲôѾǱɴϵûʲôǲǵģɱ
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˺ȻӦǣֻǵжȴЩˡ
ɿףҲŭһߣסˣһˣֻһβûôˣ
ܣ׿ɣҲĨһ˿Ц¾Ǳͬ⣬峤Ҳͬİɣ
һɱѾǴԭʿܴ֮˺ȻǱʲôһ㣡
һսɱǰǶжף
Ҳǽеǿɢˡ
Ȼ˿ȥһڲ⣬ѾǾˡ
ͬʱ
ѾǴ·ˡ
ֻδܳԶѾǱСһĸ˻
Ȼͺ֪׷ʲô飬ΣѾǳ׵Ľˡ
ǵˣǾȻץɣץסһ
mҪץǵ·Ǳ˼Ҹץˡ
Ժ´mҪصĴ۲пˡ
˿̿ףһɵʵ֡ף㵽ôİ⡭Ҳ̫˰
ǰҲʮֵĺ棡
Ȼ֪׵ݣڶǰԼ˺ԽԽˣ
ܣЦ
ʵϣһɵ˶̵ʱʧȥսһжΪһˡ




3624  ձң
 

һͷˮĿף
ײ˵ȻɻԴԣסˡ
Ǻһֱ׵İΣڿһﲻ˵ҲƲѡ
һӦΪڳû˵
ߺȻҪʸġ
ʵϣ
һȫŰϪ֮İϪѾľ˻֮У
ȸǿȵ֮Ҫķѵʵ쳣Ӵ
˶ݵʱ֮ڣϪ˵ʵ½һΣǳΧġ
ҪǰϪŻľϺǿ֧ŵĻһ˿ʵ֡
ֻڵĽȷʮֵ⡣
ײ˵ҲǹֵȻԸ˵ҵҲͲˡǺҲδӢŰ
ʵҲƲѣ׵ʲôˣ
ԺûģΪ˺ܾãҲûһôġ
˸ϵǳ˵Ҫô˵ĻӦĴĹעΧ֮ˡ
ֱ˵ʣҲûвʲôۡ
˼ҾľˣҲͷſ˺ܶࡣ
ĳԶڡЦһ
Ǹεף
ЩԾĿףоЩˡ
ף
һʱֵƵʷǳĸߣе˵ôˡ
ֻýڳ˽֮϶ɫ
ννӦҲһʵ΢ǿһЩ˶ѡ
ɸոո׵ĽӴŷ鲢ûôļ򵥡
ǰˣԼеδѵˡ
෴
͸ղһ˲䣬ڴ˵ѾǴﵽһµĸ߶ȡ
ֵֻǣmν򲻵һ֣Ϊʲôŵ¾Ͳһ
ҪǣmԼǽھԼ
ǱڣĳҲû뵽л峤һЦŵ
廹Ҫл;ŵµľֻ֮λͬʱһ𣬵ñЩ֪ˡ
Ҳǰ뿪Ц˵ֻҪһϵ
һ֪Ҫ֪ʲôЦŵŵȻǱڵķˣ˷ż峤ʵԵɺϡ
ʲʲôŵ¡ķˣ
˵оͷЩˣǸʲôడ
ʲôʱ⽣ڵ˸mˣ
Ҫ֪˷ǰΪ̽Ƽm֮Ĺϵ
֮ǰķзƼ峤mŵºܻԼ顣
ҲԼҲǾ˶෽֤ʵġ
ǰ˸Լŵ¾Ȼķˡ
ӸоЩˣȫȻ֪ԳҲġ
ô峤кβףЦеĿʵ
һЦǾʲôףɲŮòɲŮò
׹һֵʵ峤Щ뷨ҲģԵҲΪһעѡ
˵꣬׾ͽ˵˼䡣
ЩȻЦŵԭˣԭ˰ֻ˵Ƽm˼Ķƺоŵ°ôͲƼҵı
ȻˣЦһ
һ㶣һԵĺû˵£ô㻹ǺúôԸƼҰɡ
¶һ˿Цݵм鰡һñʮֵŷұӵmعҲ˹Ŀ࿴
ƼʵǿᣬҲǳصĲǣȻˣ峤ܹĻǾ͸ˣ
׿ҲЦЦ˵
ĪΪҵȣҾҪˣ
һλͱ׿ȥԴӳ
ĴԴԴԱߵСѫ
ԴѫΪõӣ˷ǰƼҲΪһЩ
֪m˽ɱģҲ˵Ĵˡ
ԺѾԺÿγȥǱҪһЩֻ
Ǻڿľˡ
붼úޱȰ
Դ񣡡ԼĴӣҲǳ
Ǹ״ˣȻҪҸƼҿսԴЩƵ˵
벻żȻ峤ˣ̸һ̸ҲǿԵİɣ׿Цһ
ףĪǷ˰ɣ㵵Ŀס
Ҳ¶һ˿޵ЦݵӦ֪ƼͬΪĴ壬ñӦô
΢΢һЦô֪أ




3625  м
 

һͣ
ʱʵ̫ˡ
ʲô壿ʲôλ
ױ¶ԼػߵĵλҲܴӦġ
Ϊʲô
ΪҵʵѾǳȻ׵Ĵˣһ׵ȷǽҾҡ
ûΪm֮ǰҶȻð˾޴ķһνػߡ
οһҪҸƼҿս
ֻҪӲˣǾԲӦַǷֵġ
ҸһǱΣȴࡣ
˿̣
׵ӣʵ޷һĵ״Ӻζ
Ǻÿһοӣһܳɹ
һΣѲʲôƲɣ
ʱҲǿף׵ӣҲЦһ
ȻǾԼҪҸԶûе̶ء
׵ĻоֺֺЦ
վˣ̫ɡ
ûоԵĺô֮ǰôܳΪ˰ڲأ
ǽˣԼҲˣ׾ȷǸм㡣
Ҳǽ˶ѣ޿ҳΪڵӡ
ֻΪľˣԼ˵ȻҲû
û׾ǰĻ׶ûп˵Ļˡ
Դѫף֮дһ˿ı֮顣
ȻǾˣָ߸ϵӣȷǳϰߡ
Ҫǣܲ
Դ׳Щ黹ҪУ
Цһ峤ɷһ˵
ǽʮ˵Ҹ״Ҳ޿ܴӦҪ󣡡ѫһЩ壡
׵ƳȻҲûǿֺα뱾̧ܣѡȨǻ㸸׵𣿡
Ī٣˵ʧִ磬һ롭
ʵҲЩ͵ģһ˲ҸԼô
ǰ˾򵥣ʹҸmƼԾͿԿó
Ȼ֪һҪʲôԼȥһЩš
˳һȥ
Դм˵ƾҲҪҸ׳ֱǳ˵Σ
Լǣ˾ǵű֡
ѫҲһԵ˵ȫȻһԺڳ
ʵϣ
ֺmķأ
ԭҲЩмһˣֲмһΪֻԡ
Сƾʲôô˵
ôҲǾȹİɣ
ţҪ׾
Щһ˵Դѫ˵ʲôûǿѾһѪˮˡ
ŵ£ɲô˵ûĻҵҲǿͻΧġ
ԴһﵹЩǵԸ˵ҲǴһ˿ŭ
ʵҲô˵ģ⻰ϻľ˵ˡ
˭ֵôĲʶʱأ
ѫЩǵŵ˵ûûҵȲܶأҴ֮ãȱ˾군ˣ
ǰһҪҵǹʹΪһҾӦˣ
ԴһҲЩŭȻϲ·
׺˵ҵǹˣǣҲԼͬⲻ𣿡
뷨ͲԣοùʲôأԴ
ô֪㸸״˲ӦأܴңܹҵҲֻ㸸װɣ
ԴѫҲŭ
񣡣
Ѿǲ֮н׵ĴڣҲǽһ￴Լˡ
Լ˵
˵׵ʱоʮֵĲˬˡ
ŵ£ƺ⽣ڸmҲͰɣôƫһﲻò𣿡
ԴźҲ֮Щ
ֲ廰ɣǣȻ׳ˣϾͳɹˡ
ŵ»ǶԼ֮ŰһֱҶ˵ŵ´ϻޱȣҲˡ
ѫźǲм˵
˲ܣȻ˵׳ͳɹˡ
ɫһߣ˼ҲһָͷҲ˼˵˵ǣ㸸׳ֵΣ
ˣԺҵΪţҲԹԡԴŭһ
ЩĿŶԷ
ʵ֮ҲŽ֮ɫţһ´ȥˣײɹĻĿɲһˡ
ᱻһһεĳ
ȻҲò̫ܣһﴴ漣
Զ׺񣬺оȻһ˿ڴ֮ɫ
һﻹɹ




3626  ֮
 

ƼmϣѾϡ
Ҵ˷ǰƼңĿҲΪŪ顣
黹ûһۣû뵽;ͳ۶ӡ
峤񱻴m֮˰·ɱ
Ϊ峤Ҫڴ˵ʱ򣬰·ȴɱŵȳ
ΪŵҲҪڴ˵ʱȴӲôm˸˲صĴۡ
mɱܻһڳֱնɱڴˣ
ɾ峤׼Եĸлһ¾ŵµʱ
ȴѾǷͻ䣡
ڣѾձɽȴһεĳ˵С
ףǿƵ̬ΪҹעĽ㡣
Ϊ׵ӣҲһͷˮ
׸ϷŪmϷŪƼң⼸ûκε
Ǵ˿̣
ȴҪǺΪĺ֪ܲʲô˼
һ뽣ںǵǳ׵ĵĴm
һͿ֡
ҲΪԼķˣĻ޿ܴӦˡ
ֻȴҲ̫Ͼ˼˵ҲԼľˣ˼һ˵ĻǿԵİɣ
ڵҪһﵽʲôܹԼ
֮У
ߵһߣ˵˸޴֪
лֱ˵ˡ
ף˵ҲǴһ˿֮ɫ
ȻЩʶʱ
Цһ峤޵ο
Ʈҡý㣡
˵ʮֵĸɴ࣬׵ĸǰҲûʲôصıҪ
⽣ڸmһȥġ
Ǵֵ֣֮Դ׵ʵ
Цһȴ˵壬ֻϧҴˣ
ΪΣ
һε̧ͷֻһ֮жһݼᶨ
ΪΣƺܴްɣ
ǱڿԴأ׷ʵ
ܹޣΣƾȹ壬Ҫ㾡ȫȥΪƴ𣿡
ף˼ѾǺˡ
΢΢һЦ峤ǣΪΪһеһвʹѡ
ĻȻ˵ֱףҲòϣһӲ
δ׵Ļ෴˵ʮֵе
Ȼ峤˵ĿżɽĳҲͿżɽˡ׿Цŵ
֪ĿģڱҪļ롣ûκһǾԵģֻҪ㹻ҲǲΪ
˵ĸӵֱˣһеһвѡ
ܹõ㹻ĺôôȻԸðˡ
ֻһеǰǣܹһȨ֮лһĺܺá
mƼң϶ǲ׵ġ
ղű˵ԴޣΪնĴػߣ
׿Ҳһ˿Цݵ
ػߣǣôأףһɵʵѾˣ
Ȼ屻٣ȴһʽһĳԺԻ֤׿Цŵ
û֮Ǵһ˿֮ɫ
ûһĺܺãŬĻָС׵ͷ
ãˣҲΪҰɡػߣǰȷǺмֵڿ¡
ף΢΢ҡͷ
ȻػҲһԲĳƺѡ
׵ĽڣܹmԿ
˵mԿˣƼҶԿǲ̫ܵġ
ʵô£𾳺ڵǿҲôѡ
Ĵս󿴵ľкǿߵԽӴ󣬵ʱʤȻԽˡ
Ȼˣ
ʵϰ羳ǿߵľɰܵĹؼ
峤ļȻҲػߵȥҪ峤ΪġȻ̸ˣǱȻ֮
˵ĸӵֱףҲЦ
˫гһ죬֮˸һ⣺ֱ֮ףʮֵֻ͡ñڻȱʲô𣿱ΪʲôҪͶһʱпܱ֮˵ţ
Ǳڿ峤ɾͻأ
״˿̿񣬿ɫ䣬ӶQʱ
֪ȤĻ
Īڸ忪Цô
ڴӲ벻֮˿Ц
һĻֱ񳹵׵Ȧˡ




3627  𾪵
 

˵ǺĬֻϧ㲻𣿡
ԥƬ֮ҲЩŭˡ
Ȼ
˵еĿ¾ǳɾͻˡ
磬ɾͻô׵ĻǿɾͲгɾͻˡ
磬òݡ
Ȼƴһ˿ӰӣҲһӰӶѡ
Ҫ̤磬Ǿ뻹ʮǧء
ʵ˵Ѿûκε׷ˣɾͻңңڡ
ڰ羳ϣҲЩɾ͡
磬ǵ֮Ĵм
˳ɾͻ磬ûʲôˡ
Ȼ
ƺǿ׼һ㣬Ȼſڿӵ˵ҪԼɾͻ羳硣
ⲻǳʲôأ
һΪԼѾ伫ˡ
峤ڼȻ˵ˣȻʵġɵ
Ц˼Լ˵ĻԼԼƺûдﵽ羳ɣʸ˵Ļ𣿡
ڵȷûдﵽ羳ɱȴѾӵ˻֮׵˵
֮ϷŪ壬ǿɾͲҪֱ岻˰
ŭףȻϷŪ˵޷ܵġ
ѲһΪԼûмвɣ
峤Ļ֮Ȼôһ˿ƣվĻ֮׿񵭵˵
úúãȷĸ绹һξ룬ɱȴҲ֪֮ʲôȻʱ򲻳ɱţվһ챾ǿƾԼġ
ҲŭףȻ˵ûһ羳ǿʲôʱֵһ˵ˣ
ˣ
һĳ׵ĸǰֻƺ֮ѹһСλá
⡭ʲô
Щ㵵Ŀףû뵽һŪһ
Цһ峤Ȼ֪ʲôǻ֮Ӧòİ˰ɣ
৵һ£
ʶѾǳ׵Ľһסˡ
ܿ죬ʶ뵽һԵ״̬֮У
Ϲصûκεȴǻ֮ʲôأ
ֻоһֲǣһûдﵽ羳磬ôӵл֮أ
ȷǻ֮ɣ
֮ǰܸоԼĻ֮Ļ֮һֲ
ֲȴôҲ
ܶ˶֪ʵѾνİ羳ֻԼ֪νİ羳Ǳ𾳺۷ǿһЩѡ
νİ羳ʵкܴĲġ
ڵ񣬸ոմǻ֮һ˲䣬Ѿµĸ
ֻӴʱʵ̫ݣҪ֮ͨо֮ûиʮʱҲˡ
ôĺͻƵĻ羳ҲͲֵǮˣ
Ǹһ׼ȷĲοܶһҲͻƵ羳
Ȼˣ
ȻǳģȻӵ˰羳ʸ
׻Ĳ˵Ѿǰ϶ˡ
ݣ
ԭеһĨ֮ѾʧӰ١
ȻЩδĸоǿԵĻܹԼ֮һ̡
ȥʲôƼҲƼҵģεˡ
⡭⡭
ԵЩ״ΣֱӼ֪֮ôˡ
ȻҲ֪׵ʵ϶ûа羳Ϊʲôл֮
֮Уӵ̫̫Ĳ˼飡
Ĳ˼飬ȻЩӦĸо
峤ܿű˰ɣ׵˵
ӦдԵ˰ɣΪ󣬱Ը׷
úЯǺͽɣ
赭дһ仰ֱöɫһĲҰף
˵еĻ׿еţˣ
衭棿⡭滹Ϲʱڵĳǿߡ֪Ѿ꣬⡭
𾪣
ʱϳ𺳵ӣһ羳ǿģȻ鲻򵥡
ȻЩò˼飬ֲ˵ѵġ
ҪȻͣĻʲôõĽ
ЦһڵµķıҲͲ˵ˣ
֪ˣ֮ǰеԭ£
ףҲǹ
ֻһԶŵԴѫӿˡ
Ѿʲô
Ѿ߶ƤӣԼĸ׾Ȼ˵Ĺ
Լ۾ǲǻˣ




3628  ҹ˳
 

Ķˣ
һ̣ı̬ʵѾǲ̬ȡ
˵ջǾԲʲôҵķչʲôõԴ
ڵ˵ʵһ㣬Ǿǳɾͻ磡
ɾͻ糬֮⣬ÿһλ֮˵롣
ɽ֮һ֣
ֻϧǣѾǶٸԪûз֮ˡ
ջ˵Ǿ޴ġ
ͽܣ⼸֣񿴵ϣ
ʲôˣ
ֻҪ֮ˣ˭֪ܲĴ
ǿǵųһˣȻԼٶȷĳǿ߰
Ǳţ̬ȴӰǫӣˣ
˵ʵ
Լղά׵ȷΪѾ׵ˣȻҲЩɶԼ顣
Լ˵ףݲñһֱף
ղԴѫҲǸˣ
ҲǺһ̸ףʱ䡣
˿̣
һֱעǱߵĶ̬һֱǫĶ׵һ̣һ
ֻҲʮֵ֣׵ôģ
״ǡ
Դ׵ӣҲǾ㵵һԵѫ
ѫӶϵ磬ҡ֪
⡭ⲻܣܡ״ӢһôܻһëͷСأҲš
Դо˾޴ղһֱΪԼĸײˡ
ڿԼĸ˹ǫģһֲõĸо
Ȼϻǲϣ֪ˡ
ѫ̾һĪһʲôƭԼĸף
ߣλӻܹΪ峤һôǿߣô׵ıƭأ
ԴѫĻҲһĿһԵԴѫ
˴˷˵Ļȥôɡ
ŵ£Ϊ仰ܹҸ׳
ԴȻϻôľǿѾЩˡ
ٴ׵̬Ѿʼתˡ
Щʱ˵ĻΪӶѡ
ѫ̾һ磬һỹǵ͸״˹˵ɣһ̫࣬ʱ򷴶ˡ
ѫ֮Դӵʶʱ񣬷Ļʱ޷ճˡ
ԼĪһĹ򣡣
׺ǳǵķ˹˿ǺԴֵܶһڴĿˡ
Դѫǻݼһ仰ǽ鶨һ
Ҳ˵һҳΪ׵ӵˡ
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˲ҲǷ׷׳
˵ӣ񵭵˵ԺǱһнհ
ǣ״ˣԴѫԴеɻСĿԼĸʵ״ˣ⡭һеô°
Ժ׵ģֻҪסһ㣬ҺͽԺ빲ˡ
˵꣬صسźǱ߿һۡ
һľ̾ȻȥҲЩܣɻ
׳˵ʲôζ
ʵ벻ͨһﵽжôħȻܹ˶̵ʱڳ
Ĵ֮һңһ̾Ȼ׵Ϊ˽ڵĸӹ
˵ȥҲûж˻ŵġ
ǺϢҲŵġ
׵˵峤Ǿʹ˱ɣŲǾͻڼġ
ֻҪкһ嶨ͿҲϧ
ףҲһεĹ
ľܣ峤ԼѡġҲЦŵ
񼤶ĵͷиǣƼٻᣡ
Ƽٻᣡ
׵ͷҪתȥƺ뵽ʲô
һεתͷδã
ɣ׿ڵһϢһҲЦŵڴúˡ
ãĳˣأ
û׵ôãҲЦе뿪ˡ
ԴѫһͷˮĿԼĸףеƿ֪ˡ
ʱ
ЩĿף̫̫Ҫף
˵һϵʵ̫̫ˡ
Ҫ˽Ҫ֪һеô£
ӸղŽڣоԼǸɵһ
ȻһһεĿ࿴Լһɵˡ
׿źЦŵҲȥƹһɣ
ܻܲشҼ⣿һõȻһ˿֮ɫ
ʡЦһ⵹Ǹһ
ûİһۣǿ
ֻ֪ǣԽ˽ףоԼԼĸԽ




3629  ĺ
 

ףҵⲻ٣ܲܶشң
ףҲҧҧʵ
ЦһĳԵ֪޲޲ˡ
Ͳ͵͵mˣüʵ
Ѳ㲻֮ˣǾͻʴһЩˣֻ֪Ժ˫ѪսĽ̶ѡ
ЦһźҲν˵
˵ҲǣⲻһٵĹ̶ѡͷ
׿źʵ֪Ϊѣ֮ǰҶȻܽеܶġֻҲҪʲôˡ
ҡҲ߸״˵ġ
ԥ죬ҲҧҧȻԼľ
ҲʲôС
׿źҲǿһ˵
̾һΪŮôûʲôأ
ʱԾ㸸һҲ˵أЦŵ
ʵϣ
˵ûģ׵ĸԽãʱԽпܾԼĸһ
Ҳ׸һο
׵ĻҲǿЦһİ
֮ǰĻЩ֮Աǵ֡
ۼ֤֮ҲѾЩãȻˡ
֮ǰҳ׵ĳΪ˽ڵĸӹ֪֮ԼһֱΪmҪˡ
˿Ǻĸm񹬹ǲԿġ
Ϊݲmľŵ£ֳΪ˽ķˣ
ǺԼ֪ⲻ˵ľԼˡ
mķʵ𣿡
룡֮ǰԼ޽ȴѾǳΪԼ˵ˣҲǵͷ
mĳδС
ǡеʲô
ףһҲǸоЩȦ
mĵطȻûп
磡Цŵ
΢΢ҡͷ̫ˣ̫̫֮ĸ֣Ϊ˴mĹҲǸոտʼѣ
ݷӿ˭ҪΪİĳôΪԱѡ
׵˵
ͷ˵Ļ⣬Щʱ㲻˺ˣȴѾǰ㵱Ұĵİʯˡ
֪ߣҲ׹һֵ
죬ȻʵԹʵĵһǣ֮ǰȥǸطﰡǸطо߲һռ䰡
ǵȷһĿռ䡣׵ͷȻ˵һ顣
ѾЩʱͲҪʲôˡ
֮Ҳһã˵ȻôĶ
ụ̂ôҴʴأЦŵ
ͷȻĺܣû뵽ⶫȻǰ
ţҶѣ׵Ҳǫ˵
һڶ⣬ղ㵽ôɸ
ĴӦõǰЦŵ
㡭˵Ϫã
֮ǰһֱ벻ͨĴڡ
֪ĴڣȻȻľ͸Ϫ뵽һˡ
ʵ֮ǰпǹΪҲֻ֮ľʲſõġ
΢΢ͷֻһζϪЩˡһʱ䣬ϪҪúõĻָˡ
֮Ҳ̫ǿ˰ֵ˵
׵˵ʵҲûôĿţһϪΪ˰ңһ߻ħˡԺðˡ
ʵԼЩ£
֮ǰϪԼûʱҲû̫ࡣ
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Ϫû°ɣЩǵʵ
΢΢ҡͷû£лڣҲʲôµġ֮ҪԺǰְûʱĻۣҪڶʱ֮Ӿ޴ãʵЩǣǿˡ
֮ǰ˵ȥƹеƣĪǾϪã׵ǵʵ
ĻϪʱɷӲ˰
װڰֵֻǵ֮һɣĵƣʱ֪ˣ
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ƵĿף˼˵ôܣʵѾûнԼˡ
ôûеĻǿԳ˰ɣЦʵ
һ⣡һִɰʵ׵ĸо
׵ͷ֪ʲôǲǹҹ˳飬֪ʲôԭ򣿡
ô˵𣿡ΪѵӣҲЩʧ䡣
һ̣ײδԼŮˣ
Ŀԣ
źЩԹ̾һʵ㻹ǲҪ֪ĺãҪ֪Ҳ˵ġֻ




3630  ľ̾
 

֮У
׵һ˵úĿɿڴ
Ҳ֪ÿһ˶ԼܣȻ˼ԸԼܸ
˵ˣ˼ҰԭѡȨøԼ
ں˵׵̬оʮֵĿġ
ҧݣֱĿ׵ңԸҡǲңҲѡ˵
һĿƣʵŲźϣҲǿġ
Ȼ˵˷ʵԵĹϵ˵ʲôأ
թ黹
οıֵ֧ԼĸףĳԼҲ޻˵
ԼĻѡҲࡣ
˵֮ԣǽԼһˡ
׿ЦһˣȻ˵Ļ˵˵ʵҲ޷
ллң
δеʲôı飬ֻǶ׷һĵЦݡ
һ̣׵θ˺޵
ͷôӦÿ֪ʲôܹ˰ɣ
⡭ȻĲΣΨгɾͻ緽ûеֿ
ԥƬ̣Ҳ˵
ֻЩɵĿףΪôʿ϶ĵġ
Լ羳ûдﵽһѲɻʲôܹñ˽
Ǻףⶫ޷Ű
ҲֻóջŻᱻ𣿡
׵ȻһЦúоЩ˼ˡ
ֱ˵ʵףô˵ȻģһʵǺ⡣Լƺûдﵽ羳ɣ
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΢΢ҡͷȷûдﵽȾ磡
΢΢ҡͷԼûдﵽƾʲôأҵĻҿ²š
ں׶ȻԼĻڶʱϵ
ֻҪδһʱ׵ĻôʱʱҪҲǲˡ
Ӷ׵ķչ档
ٴڿײԼԭӦҲԼ֪ԺԼĸ״ˡ
ʱһ˽ڣǶڽھһ޴Ĵ
뷨ֻһֿԣʵ֪ǣ׿ɲǿƭȡҵֵ֧ġ
Цһ峤Ųţ˻֮Ĵڣ
飿Ӷɳˡ
׵ͷΪֻǴţɣҿԸ㣬а취ĳɾͻ硣
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һãȻĿףȷǳΧˡ
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㡭˵ɾͻ磿ô˵񣬾峤Ҳа취ˣ
˾κˣĻǾͿֲˣ
׵˵ǿܵģֻҪɾͻΣأҲʲô˶ԵġҾһղҵĻҵ˼ǣлǶɻ١ǵܲܶɹȥǾͿÿһ˵컯ˡ
ֲ˹
׵ĻоԼ綼ˡ
ܹ֤ĳɾͻ磬Ϊṩһᡣ
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ֻҪǾ㹻ˣ
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⡭ļٵģֵĿŶס
׵ͷţĻĳûšȻˣĳǺͽ峤ɻĳŵġ
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̤ʵ˺ܶ࣬Ϊȥӵʵˡ
΢΢һЦƹ֣ǻȥһգܹĴ壬mľսҪǰˣߡ




3631  ƹ
 

ƹȣ
ǴΪĴ֮һ
ΪĴĵ̣ǵĵؽûбκһ
ֻƹȿԺܶ˶ΪƹӦǹ
Ȼˣ
ܶҲ֪˵һӡѡ
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ΪĴ֮һƼҸ˵ӡǼΪĵ͵
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ƼΪֵһطҲƼóġ
˵ͳķĶһоеĻôƼҵķпɾʮֵˡ
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ΪͶ˵ĶƼһϾǱ䣬ҪƼҵжôۺĵ̡
˵ʵҲûмܹƼṩԴġ
˵Ƽ֮һ۸ڶĴڣ
ѰĶǵֻǸûκε
ףǾôö֮ĽˣǱ˷֣¡
˿ͷֻǴһᱡɴԼݡ
һԵ׸Ǵҡڵľͽˣûκεڡ
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ЦһƼƺҲûʶҵģֻҪ¶Ҳᱩ¶ġ
˵ҲǣҲǵһƼңʶҵҲ޼Цһ
ŵӣƺҲ̤ʵࡣ
ȻҲ֪׵ʲôĵƣڵȴ˺ܶˡ
֮ǰֵĲмͻɣžž졣
Ҳѧˣ˵ʲôǾʲôˡ
ҲЩڴܹһεԼĿ࿴
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ҵ֧֣Ҳǰ١
Ҳǵһ
ԭΪ϶Ƽҵģû뵽椾Ȼǵһ
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ҲνˣԭΪƼҲǺܴ󣬿ڿƼһǲСҪֵӦúѣ
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⵶ڶƼңҪҳǷǳѡ
Цŵ㲻ĻǲȥmȥʣʱҲܸṩһЩ
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׾ô㶵Ŀź֪ôģ
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΢΢ҡͷ˵˵Ҳ֪ʱ㻹ǲҪȥmеĺãʱһݱ¶Ҫôпɾˣ
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Щͷɥ˵׵Ļôܲأ
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ƼУǿȥЦһ
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֪ĻҪжˣ
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ʱٿɣĳ̫ϰŮ˵ǮҲе˵
һ׵ֵôʲô߰ɡ
˳Ƽҷ˹ȥֻײ֪ǣƼҷĶʵЩۻˣ




3632  Ƽҵ涨
 

ƹڵƼҷУ
ԭƼڶ࣬ϵϵ֧ʵʤ
ҲΪʲôƼһֱоԭ򣬱Ͼ̫ôܹ㹻ľأ
һ棬ƼĻԴУÿһʱ䶼һλ׵ż
һ棬ƼҵԴʮֵķḻƼԼڲܹͨﵽһ˵֡
ÿЩƼҵӵΪƼ䣬Ǵ˳ʯ
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ӭͣȻñ˽ˣƼҵȻҲ翪ˡ
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һˣǻҪЩǿȨ֮ռһϯ֮أҲǲܵġ
ƼеĹģǲС
վƼе棬ǰˮľҲ̾˵
ЦһȻƼҿ֮ģǾһƼУƼˡ
ⲿԴһƼȻǺˡƼҸڶ࣬ԴȻҲȡ֮ˣ
Цһ˵Ҳʵ
ͷԴеġ
ƼܹΪĴ֮һѲʲôô
ֻνǵĹâЩ˶ѡ
ĺݽɫƼҾǵʲõ֡
ͷģʽҲֻܴĳѣļ弴׼ģǻҪ߳ȥġ
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ͲҪˡ׿ź
һЦǺðɣƼгԼڲ˿֮⣬ҪУǾͲôˡȾҪȥ˵ӵ㹻ʯ
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˵ԽԽ࣬׶ƼҲЩ̫ðˡ
ʵҲ֪ϡΪĵﶼͨõġ
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ͷףɱС볡ȯŵɶء
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Цһm֮⣬ǿҲҪ볡ȯġÿƼҿŵ볡ȯֻ
Ҳ˵ֻʮҿƱڳ𣿡Цʵ
ţǵġ
Ǹ˽ȥ𣿱˵ҡһεʵ
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ףҲĵĽ͵
ô˵ҵˣҲǽȥˣ׿źҲʵ
һƹȣѾȥˡӦò֪Ƽ֮ˣֻһλƼеƱ󡭡
ףһεĽ͵
û˵ڲǸϲˣ
ӦüƼеƱĻôƼƱĹǲӪҵġ
ŻӪҵ֮еƼУҲЦŵ
ǻʲôǸϽȥƼкöܹѰһĻҲҷѾĽȥһˣ
׵֮Ҳ۵ڴ֮ɫȻԲرƼңǲѰѰ̫ϧˡ
ֻ˸յƼеſڣѾǱ




3633  ׵ŭ
 

ʲôģ
ƼеĸǰһλվǱһ˿
׺һԵĺҲûκεĿ
ֻҲЩĿ࿴ǣſ֮˵ʵȻѾǴﵽ𾳺ڵĵز
ƼһǸ֮һư
ʵϣ
һſӭ֮ˣȻ𾳺ڵʵ˵ȥҲûţ
һʱƼҰ£ȻҲǲ·ġ
ǰ֮ԭƼŵһϣǱʱάģ
𾳺ڵǿάƼҾǴֱˣ
λǰҸǰΪ˽Ƽһۣи㡣
վ࣬˵ҲǷִ塣
λƼҵųźĻƺһףΪ˼ǿͿġ
ο𾳺ڵǿߣһǰȻġ
ߣҪƼУǿ²ʸ񣡡
λųϿ׺ͺһۣҲǵ˵
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ÿһΣ
ƼԤЩǸЩ׼ġ
ÿһλ֮һǱ䶯ģڱ䶯ԽԽˡ
һͲʲôˣȻ˵ҲͲˡ
Ƽרͨһ֮ͨ˵ģһͨڶ棬ƼԼͨ
֮˱ʵ̫̫ˣֱ˵ҪУܶ˶Ц

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׿λϣҲĨһ˿Ȼ
ǣһģСӣͺܳǲҪñڰ
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û˵Ļܶ˶׵ԴӦǲԼĲˡ
ֹ֡ӣĪ嶯
ķӦʮֵĻûֱ׵֣Ǻֹӡ
Ϊ׵һ׶ʱʵ̫ˡ
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ʵ׿νĵ͵ߵĽһġ
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ǰƼҲǿѲĴˣǾͲ𣿡
ƼҼȻǣǣ˺İ
ҵǿҪƼҿƼУʡЩɿţ
ܿ죡
ѾǱŷһ˵֮
Щ˵ʵ˵ûʸȥȴҲ˵ʲô
ӣ˭ҲվƼҵ˵ʣ
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׵˵ǵȷǴǵһֱȥƱҲǱƵĺܡ
ܹȥĻʱȥʱҲøԼʦʦܵĴһˣ
ƼҵƱǿǺܶĵط
ôĵӣȻƼҵĵ£˭ĵӣ
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ʱʲôƼҹĻǳԲ˶ߵĿɾԼˣ
λǺܺЦĳ˵һʵѣѲҵվʵ˵𣿡
׿λųϣҲЦһ
ߣһҲƱ󣿾⴩ĺ½Ʊ󿴵۸Ҳ˰ɣ
λųϱŭ֮ʣһ뵽˵ĶУ
ܿ죡
һλɴȹĸŮһ˵ȵĴӵ֮£Ȼ˵ĸǰ
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λС׼ӹƳеƣѾǴ˳
ԭΪЩѻȸĳһӱ÷




3634  Ʋ׺
 

Ƽǰ
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ֻС㱻ɴ棬ټ·֮ǰ׵·ȥЩɿ塣
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޸ΪսʵǿȻǿԺߵġ
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ߣһСѾͷƬӣҲڱСǰ˵Ļ
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ȻͲ̫ðΪڶmһǲôصġ
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峤ˣʵĺܡ࿴Ʋ׺ŵ
㻰𣿡Ʋ׺һ裬ŵҲǲ˵ˡ
Ʋ׺ת׵˵ɡ
ãȻĻĳ˵һҲ޷ƼеƱȻ涨Ҫ볡ȯҪΪʲôҵȻδ۵£ͱ˱˵ˣĪǹѣĻǲ̫Ϸˣ
׿Ʋ׺ƸһЩ
ܶ˶̾Ʋ׺ǿߣһ˻Ĳô˵
ǰ֮ˣ˭
˺ܶ˲鲻
飿Ʋ׺ʵ
ȻǿɴСƸ峤С£ĳ޻˵ǡ
תҪ뿪ʵƶλ峤ԲԼ뿪ġ
Ȼ
СȻǹأǱصġƲ׺Цһ
Щ̲ס˵峤ˣλڵأһôƽ޹ʵ˷ʱ𣿡
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ãȻƸ峤ˣǱСǶ˺ˡȻŶ׺ͺҲפͣ
һû̵սһ˲ȻЩѪŵĸо




3635  ڤ
 

˭˭˻һأ
ȻҲǶŵ
ȻǸ¶һЩĵϹٺʲôã
С㣬ȻҪ㾺ǾͿʼɡλڵţܲô˵Űɣ
Ʋ׺ȻʵҲϲŮӡ
ֻΪǱڵĴС㣬ƼҲֻίˡ
Ȼˣ
Ʋ׺Ҳû뵽һξȻ˸ҵƱڵˡ
Ƹ峤С㿴ûҪ˰ɣȻЦһ
ؾǹأֻΪܹһЩͳһλûɣ
Ʋ׺˿Ȼֿ˿׵ʵ
û⣡
һԵȻ˵Ҹûˣ
Ʋ׺һЦãȻûĻǱͳˡλܹóһϡƷĻ˭ʸӵ볡ȯ
ô򵥣ȻŵЦЦʵ
Ȼˣӵ볡ȯʸˣ뽫ıƱڼ۸ƱҲʧġ
Ʋ׺νһʯ񣬶Ƽ˵һʧûС
Ȼһǵû⣡
Ҳû⡣Ҳν˵
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֮ǰǵҩ𵤣óĻ϶Ǻ䶯ȫġ
ǱߵϢʹ뵽Ƽ֮С
ѾǼΪĺҩ𵤾͸Ӳ˵ˡ
𵤻֮ǰʥ׶ó
˿̿ףҲЩţ
ΪȻвٵĺöļƷǲࡣ
ϾmⷽĹƻǺϸģǼǵõ˺öҲϽˡ
׵ʯǲ٣ɡöҵǲࡣ
ղŲװĺţôˣˣ
ȻСɻǱȻһֲ˽ȥ
ȻĻɫǺ죬ȻϣȻԼͷϣ
ǰʱϲȻǸӵĲϲˡ
ټһҪƱףϣܹȥˡ
ϣȻóѡ
Цһһûзóһңɼ
ߣԹŮǲײĲᰡ
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ʲôСſԱģкöʵ̫ˡ
ʵϣ
Ʋ׺ҪĻǱڵֻ֮ϧǣ֪ˡ
һЦλ˭ȿʼ
ҿͲǳˣֱóһܹʤˣ볡ȯ͹Σ
ȻһλĲʲôţ
С㣬롭
Ʋ׺һƣҲЦһ
ڤǱأλӦҲ˽İɣȻһЦ
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Ʋ׺ɫµ˵Ȼڤȷ˿־ĵط
Ƽĳ嶼ô˵һôӵأ
Ƹ峤ȻǼʶǷ챾Сóģڤ֮ѵҲλҪõĶ֮һڤ飡
Ȼ֮дһ˿Ȼ֮ɫⶫȷ˾
Ȼ
Ȼڤһ˽¶֮ɫ
Ȼڤ飿û뵽λС㻹Ѫ
ǰֲøղ˵˸ûбҪöˡ
ڤ飬ǿܹٶȣСȻóˣ
ǿƸ峤Ӿ֪ⶫжôĿֲˣ
һһһܶ˶ڤȷ˽⡣
ʵϣڤҲȷǹʸ񣡣
׿Ȼı飬˿һԵĺʵڤʲô⣿
ЦһһοҪˣڤϹʮ֮һû뵽ȻȻΪһ볡ȯóҪĶ
ĺöóƼҲƺˣ׿źм˵
һ㶣漴˵Ҳǣֲ˿⣡ˣǲһʶ
Ǻǣû¡ҵĶȻҲģҾû𣿡Цŵ
Ҳڤ飿ļٵİ
ȻסˣܿͷԼ뷨Ϊһڤ鶼ʶġ
һ֪ˡ
΢΢һЦǿһĿһԵȻڱš
ʱȻһȻĿˣԼѾʤȯˡ




3636  Ҫ
 

ӣ
ӣһҪ׵ĸо
ֻһú˵
֪Ϊʲôԭ˵ֻҪ˵϶ŵġ
̽ôʱ䣡
δһˣȴ׵ȷѡ
ˣʮ㣡
׸ĲһĸоܹúȫС
ʱ
Ȼ˵ľ̾ʮֵܡ
֪Լóڤʱ˾ˡ
Ʋ׺ӶˣƲ׺ôҲû뵽ȻȻܹóڤ
С㣬û뵽ĳȻܹڤ飬ʵΪ֮̾
Ʋ׺Ĳǫ飬ڤ֮Կþˣ
Ȼ˵Ϊ˵õڤ飬ұڿʧλ֡Ҳǽҵõ״Ҷѡ
ǴƲ׺¶֮ɫ
ĺŽ׵˾ǲһ
ΪƼҵĸ峤Ҫӵڤ鶼ǲܵġ
˼һСѾͷȻӵˣⲻĽоѰ
Ƹ峤ûø˱𣿡
Ȼ̬߹ԣֱ˵ĶƲ׺ʵ
Ʋ׺ЦŵӦǲñˣС㣬֪ڤ۶٣
Ʋ׺Ѿ׺ͺˣԸ뾡һа취ǰڤ㵽֡
ȻƲ׺ڤѾûжˣأ
ĻҪƾԼĲ£
ʵòµĻƼҵʵӦҲ㹻ˡ
ֻϧǣƲ׺ǧ㣬û㵽Ȼѹûд㽫ȥ
ڤ飡
޼֮ǶôʯҲǻġ
ȻǷˣһ˾Բرġ
Ƹ峤ڤмеĶ񱾴С߿ɾôһšǼ۸Ƹ峤ܲ𰡣
ȻƲ׺ҲǵһЦ
ô˵СҪ˵㻰𣿡Ʋ׺ʵ
Ƹ峤ɱⰡȻȻϣƼңֻǡ
Ȼͣһ£ôƲ׺
Ʋ׺Щ˵ֻʲô
ǺðɣȻƸ峤˵ˣͳ۰ɡ
ȻƲ׺ӣȻ֮ת˵
Ʋ׺סˣۻǲóû뵽ѾͷȻԼۣ
С㣬ⶫģ۸ȻˣʱƼֱӸǮ𣿡
Ʋ׺ȻһεĽƤ˻ȥ
Ȼ΢΢ҡͷұƼҹϵǳʱȻǾǶƼҵһˡƸ峤۰ɡ
⡭Ȼ˵ĻĳͲˡڤȷǷǳĶĳʮƷʯɡ
Ʋ׺ļ۸ҲˣʮƷʯļ۸ȻڤȼĶƥ䡣
ɼȻˣⶫܵиǮɣ
Ī޼֮ͲˣȻǣ
ʮƷʯƸ峤ڶȻ𣿡
ȻһϯֱƲ׺һεɫ䡣
ʮƷʯ˼˵Ƕģ˵ȻҪҪԶԶĸʮƷʯ
Сʲô˼ñ忪۵ġʮƷʯƺҲ˰ɣƲ׺ɫһ
Ȼ˵Ƹ峤ǲֱ˵ʮƷʯǺܶ࣬ҪʲôɣڤļֵƸ峤ӦñȻˡ
ǲ֪СҪʲô۸ֱ˵
Ʋ׺ȻԼҲЩŭˡ
ȻЦһʮڣ
ʲô˼Ʋ׺һ㶣ΪԼˡ
һԵҲǿȻ֪椺«ʲôҩ
ʮڻʮڣȻȱƷʯȱǼƷʯ
Ȼ˻һȫΪ𾪡
ʮڼƷʯǲһǧڵƷʯ
ⶫڰһǧƷʯĸ˭ܲأ
Ʋ׺ָȻЩŭС㣬Ҫۡ
Ƹ峤ұΪ˵õǿ˺üλ𾳺ڵǿ߲ŵõġʮƷʯұڻĲǼƷʯĻҲԵڤͷ
ȻƲ׺Ҳŭ
Ʋ׺Щ΢΢û뵽߾Ȼڵ˸ϷŪˣ
úúãСȻǺõúܡȥɡ
Ʋ׺ÿһּҧгݵ˵ģһǧƷʯƼķˣ
лƸ峤ȻһƲ׺¶һ˿΢Ц
תͷ׺ͺС㶷С
Ƹ峤Ҳƽ˵õ˱ԣǵĶûóôͽȥˣ
Ȼ䣬׵һεĴȫ




3637  
 

ֵļһﵽʲôͷɵҩɾ˰
˭֪أѲбڤõĶ
ôܣڤǿǾĶ
һﻹǲҲ°Ѵͷ
Ⱥ֮Уһ˿Ҳεҡҡͷ
һʼ
սȻĺܣϾһֱڰ˵
Ƿ֣һһͷ۲۵ľ¿
˵ƣѲɻҪڳ󲻳ɣ
ڤ飡
ⶫɲʲôܹõóİ
˵ҪóڤõĶǿǷǳѵ顣
ֶȻУҲ٣
һǾľ
Ʋ׺˿ҲڵҲû뵽ǰλ˾Ȼ飿
˵ʵ
ղűȻôһƣƲ׺ŭѡ
ݺ͵λȻһѾͷƬӸˣΪǶĻ¶ҪֽѵѾͷˡ
ƼңƲ׺ΪƼҵĸ峤ǿǴƼġ
ȻƼҵĵ̱Ƽ֮˸ˣ˵ȥɾͲôˣ
ܶߣǿɲֵܶʲôɣ
һǰ۸һǱЩ˵ȥġ
ңȻֻҪ۶ѣҲûʲô
Ͼⶫȷ޼֮˵ʲô۸񶼲Υġ
Ʋ׺жµľһôò˳
ڿ߳ҲƵֹӣӦ֪ڤļֵɣ
ţ֪
ױǲ֪ôģ磬֪Ķĺܶࡣ
ղһ֣ʵҲ˽ڤļֵˣ
һԵĺЩǵĿףȻڶ׳ģҲֻǳĶѣ
һûó֮ǰĺһڴţġ
ȻҲ֪׿ܲһڴţкö
һǺͽܣ˵кöء
Ȼֹ֪ⶫļֵ㻹ҪöĪбڤ黹ҪõĶ
Ʋ׺ףҲס˵
Ƹ峤ô֪ĳûأ׿Ʋ׺ҲЦЦ
Ʋ׺һЦǱĿԴˣ
ߣǻװβǣбڤõĶôôأбó
ȻףҲŭһ
һԲ֣
ݣ
״һӣһɫӳƲ׺˵֮У
Ʋ׺üͷһҲӣǡ
飡
ЦһԼֱģΪⶫԼģ
𾳺ڵĲΣνڤʵѾòˡ
ΪΨһ뷨¾ǳɾͻΰҵˣ
ɾͻô׵ģ
ôĳ֣˭˵Լܹɾͻ磿
ܶӰӶţ̸ʲô粻ģ
׽ԼСڵĻ֮óһȻŨС棡
ʵ˵ˣŪһ֮Сѣ
ֻ֮ЩǿߵջǾǵ˷񼶱ģ
࣡
һ֣Ʋ׺Ѿ۾Щֱˣ
һԵȻȴЦһ飿ߣС˵û˵ȻҵڤȣֱЦ
ǲЦƺ˵ɣ׼
Ҳ˵ڻǰڤǸѣ
㡭
ȻɫǺ죬Ҳŭ
Ʋ׺׵ҵȻǴδ˵ֹӣ鵽кð
ĳֻ˵һ䣬̺˲ٵĻ֮֮ǳľ
׿Ʋ׺Ҳǵ˵
ʲʲô֮
Ʋ׺оԼĹӶˣЩֵĿʵ
ĻȻ֪ⶫζʲôˡ
ǿߵͷҪˣ
Ƹ峤ĳԾʵĺܣ
˵л֮л֮˰֪ʲôǻ֮ȻĪȻǲϵġ
һ֮˹𣿡׵˵
Ʋ׺һұˣͿԣ
ơƸ峤ҲѾ羳𣿡ٶʧ
ߣ羳ѣʲôСֵģƲ׺ȻǿȻģ˵Ҳʮֵĳ壡
ܿ죡
ѾǵƲ׺УƲ׺Ӵһ̣ѾǼ!
˾Ļ֮һ᲻÷ֵĸо
ⶫԼõȻʮĻлɾͻ簡
һ뵽ߣȻȻһ¿ˮ
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һʱ䣡
˵Ŀһεļе׵ϣλ֮˵Ǻηʥ




3638  ˵Ȼ
 

˿̣
ȻĶƲ׺óǻĻֱӾǸˣ
飬̺ǻ֮Ѿڤ鲻ͬһˡ
Ҫ֪һȷǻ飬Ǽֱ˷Ķ
Щԭûϣ𾳺ǿ羳ǿߣһӾͿϣˣ
ļֵֹһڤԱģ
һﵽ˭
Ǵʲôطðģ
ȻĶ
ȻţɵƲ׺ɫõһ̣ҲЩˡ
Ƹ峤⵽ǲǻ鰡
Χ֮һҲǼѣһЩ𾳺ڵǿߣǵĹӶˡ
ȻһԼģôǿһ˿ϣ
˭Ҫʧȥԭϣ
Ʋ׺˿ĵԸӣѾȷ֮ڵĶǻ֮ˡ
ϣܹһһ밡
ڣ
˵ѯ֮£Ʋ׺ЩĽԼʶԼеĻ顣
ЦһƸ峤ΪΣ
ֹӣǾĻ֮ˣ
Ʋ׺һըԵϢúܶһӼ
Ȼϵľ֮ɫδȥ˪һ㶨Ǳߣ
ЦһĳЩ˲˵ԼӮҲˣ
Ȼҧ촽Ҫŭ֪ʱķŭڱ˿һЦѣ
Ȼ˵ĻƸ峤Ӧÿ˰ɣ׵˵
ǡǣֹ룡
Ʋ׺ἰģ֪ȻѾûκεʤˡ
׺ͺͦƱȻǱˡ
Ƹ峤峤أȻƲ׺׺ͺ׼ƱҲʵ
峤Ʊ֮УôˣƲ׺ĻӦȻֹӷ򸾶ˣǱֹֻӷ򸾶˽ˡڱڣֻܵһλˡ
𣿿δذɣ
ȻԭЦһ˿ŵЦݡ
Ʋ׺ЩŭȻ㲻ҪǱƼҵĹأǱڿҲܲƼҵŭ𣡣
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ȻȻһ䣬ʱ˵Ļȴ𾪲ѡ
㡭˵ʲô
Ʋ׺Ȼ˴󵨵Ҳǳ׵Ȧˡ
˵ʵ
֮ӣҲƼδ峤ѡ֮һ
˵䲻ģƼҿνǽ峤ĵڶ
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ֻƲ׺֪mƼ̸ˣ
ʱȻ˵ĻǾʯ쾪֡
Ƹ峤ûǱС˵һ飬޷֮ϧѾ˷֮ʵһαСǰɲΪ˴ֶٹһҸ״˱ǰƼ̸СĻˡ
ȻĻǰƲ׺ɫ䣬һԵĺҲĿɿڴ
ʵϣ
Ѳɲ֪Լڵδ
û뵽޳֮ȻҪmͬʱڵĴСȻѾ˷֮ʵ
Ȼ򲻵֮£Ȼ˵顣
Ȼˣ
Ҳе಻ĸоֳһŮ˵飬һ֮߳Ķûˡ
Ʋ׺ŭһС㣬˵עִ磡
ʲôͶϣҵ֮˸ɲһҲ֮£οС㻹İɣ
Ȼη˵ֻǵԽԽ󣡣
׺
Ʋ׺ҪŭȻ֮ʣһѾǴ뵽˵ĶУ
Ʋ׺Ҳǹ峤ˣкָʾ
˽ɣʲô˵Ҫ涪ۣ
λƺҲǶŭˣȻǲѾûκεĸԣ
˲ǱˣƼҵļƼ峤Ʋ
λɡ
Ʋ׺оԼԻ·ЩˣղȻƻԵһ仰ʱúܶ˼֮У
ż˳Ʊ˹ȥƲ׺Ҳ΢΢һ̾
һص꣬һصŮˣټʲôʲӵıڴСƼ峤ⲻ岻Ĺϵ
Ʋ׺оһôĻңҵԼһҲЩˣ
ƺһָоƱ֮УҪһЩ벻ˣ
ֻƼǺǻǾͲö֪ˡ




3639  Ƽ峤Ʋ
 

Ʊڣ
ʶѾǽ׵˸׵İסˣ
׽ȥһ̣Ȼܵ˼Ϥʶ
֮⣬ȻϤʶһҲЩ
񣡣
û뵽һƼ֮оȻ֮Ϊǿ
׸йһνֻ磬޶ǵ͵ȼġ
ۼڤ֮Уһôð
ҵĴ޺ĴҲѾûа취ˡ
mȺۣmأѾǽ޸ķˣ
˵ˣ޵ҪԶԶ
οߵȼϡ٣֮˵Խǵ˸߲Σֻԡ
˵ɽޡޱ֮廹ǺǿĻ
ô֮һо͸ıˣ
磬һֱͳΣȻҲǳǿ󣬿ҪǸȵĻǵƾֳˡ
һٸǿ߶ԸһǿߣҲǴ´ġ
޵ս̫࣬ѾԶԶˡ
Ȼˣ
ĿԵõֵ֧ĻǾһɲСˣ
˿̣
ףüͷҲӹһ˿֮ɫ
Ȼƺδ뵽ǰһﾹȻĳԼĸǰ
ֻЩ̫ȷǣһѪǰһƺһ˿ѪӰӶˡ
Īֻɺϣ
һӲδȷϴ׾ǱףҲʮ顣
˭׵ı仯ôĴأ
Ѫܹ׵ıãһȷû뵽
Ҫ֪ѾûʲôѪѪӵĸ߹ˡ
СѣղҵҲǿУû뵽СѾȻ˱ʵҵȺհ
Ʋȴһ𺳵ĸо
ЦһǰޣĳԺһЩѡ
СƲʮֵĿȻ֪ǰһﵽʲôͷ
ǸƱǰڽаģزǵ֮
Ʋһʱ뵽ıǴӦòǴ֮ˡ
ΪûпǿӲˣʲôĿ϶֪ġ
ҸڵĴСа壬Բ˵ġ
οֻǽа壬ֻǽаĻпǶɵӡ
ǰλˣаˣһӮˣ
Ͳǳţ»ľˣ˼ʤȯհ

Ʋ׺ͺĿһεļԼӵϣ
࣡
ƲԵλ̹״ˣڣ
ղȻĻʵ
ƲĿƽֱһ㡣
״ˣʮǰżС㣬һʱ侪ΪˡȻѾһˡ
ɫЩȻڹϳʵƼЩԲˡ
Ʋ΢΢һָܿ˵Ϊʲô˵
״ˣǡɫһĲҰס
ʵϣ
ƼҲ֪£Ƽm̸еʱ˵Ѿǲ˵ˡ
Ȼ߰ɣҪλõˡһеƱλ֮˵ɡ
ƲɫԵЩԥƺܿһ
ȻƲĻҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
ʵϣ
ȻѲɲ֪ƼҸm֮ǵȻ֪
Ķ˽ģ
ȻôܽԼİ˹ømλŵأ
οmҲ˳ڸӲmˡ
ƼҺͱ֣ټʵmҲ޿κˡ
ȻɲǸɵӣҵ˵ʵϾڵƼѡ
ٴڵЧĿѾǴﵽһˣ
ȻһĻŮôΪջԼİ飬ʵһĿģǱúѿ
Ů֮У
ȻӲıѹһͷû뵽˶Ҫ
Ȼôأ
ƲһԼ˵λƱضǺ֮λλʲôöĻҲǿó
˵꣬ƲĿһף
ʵϣ
ﻹʲô˼񶼶ǰĻˣ
һȻĿǰһУΪֻ֪ĵϸ
ο񲻵ֻμνĽ䡣
ڻһҪǱס
۸ҡ
ȻߣȥЩᡣ
˵ȻҲ۸ġ
ҩĳҪˣ֪峤ɷ񿪼۰
ײδȻֱ˵ĵһڵ
һƬȻ˭û뵽ȿڵľȻˡ
ѲֳرͲ±˵




3640  ҵľ
 

Ʊڣ
еĿⶼۼ׵ϣΪеĻӦҪĶ
Ĵ廹mļ
飬ҪõĶ
ɮ٣
˭ҲҪõ飬Ŀǰõİ취ͨ׵õ
һκһõ飬ҪٴεӵǾʮֵˣ
ʱףȴһ꼫ƷҩģҲܽҪҩ֮һ
ǵˣƱڵĶȷ״񫣡
ΪܽҪĺܶҩģﶼǿԿüġ
ֹҪ黨
ƲףҲĨһ˿Ц⣡
֪黨ļֵΣʵ
黨ѲժһֹӦҲ֪İɣƲЦʵ
׵ͷƱڵЩǷƷ
Ȼ˵Ļֹ֪Ҫʲô۸񣿡Ʋʵ
Īı۲üʵ
ƲһЦȻģֻĳҪֹ˽ף
峤ҪʲôĳȻֻ֪Ƽδܹ۸ɣЦŵ
ֹӵĶȷ޼ֹ֮ӿϸĻƼҲĵġ
ƲףҲڴ˵
΢΢ҡͷûܹĳĶĳҲԸ֮ס黨ȻϡȱȴҲǽһҡ
⡭Ȼ
ƲҲЩƵĺܣԭƼҸס
׵ѾǱˣ
峤ȻƼңɸֹƺҲֻһҰɣǼȻˣǾʹ촰˵ɡ
Ʋǰ࣬һλӺݻ۴⣬˶Ʋ
˱Ĵ֮һ˼ҵ峤֮
峤ԲȻ鵽زǿһˡ
֮ԱߣĴ֮һܼҵ峤
ǵ˵峤峤ԼǣȻǱһˣ
mҲ飡
mһεĴmĸص壡
صΪ˷mĴҲȫȨm
ʵϣ
֮ǰѾǿ˺ص壬ֻصһӻûаѺϳ
ȻˣҲΪܶѾǽĿⶼ׵ˡ
Ĵټm췭ظˣ
һŻ飬˵ӦҲû뵽顣
˿̣
׵Ŀһ˵ϣͶ֮ĿԣЩղĸо
ս죡
˷սħǰҲû뵽׵ļķʽ
΢΢һЦֹӵĶȻҶҪǱһˡ
ƲɫЩѿҲ֪޿ɱġ
ֻڵЩƣΪƼҵĵ̡
Ȼ޷֤羳ıݣȴǽʴˣ
ͳһ㣬ֵѾ޵ˡ
ұҲһ
ڴ˿̣һ˵ĿҲǳб󷽿˹ȥ
һλվ룬ȥҲǼΪ
˱űڵī
ۣ
Щ˼˵ռ޵İڽɽ˵˿Ŷоһĵ
״ˡ
Ȼ˿̿ԼĸףҲǳԼ˹ȥ
ί鿴ŵһҼĸо
īһȻ˵ôˣȻ
״ˣ۸ңȻк
īʵ˭۸ҼѾͷ
ǣ
ȻԼָͷȻָ׺ͺˡ
λĻ˿Ҫƾұڷˣīһ׺ͺ¶һ˿Ц
ĪڿЦôīֱŭ
峤˶۸ҼѾͷұڷأīƺһ
ԣĴĵϣī˵Ҳ´ͷ
峤ڽǰҪΪһ飬ǱҼѾͷƼҵĻ¡飬Ǻˡ
īĳ֣ѾеĻĽ׸ǳˡ
ص忴Ʋ˵峤Ҳʱmһ˰ɣ
ȻȻˣƼȻλһġ
Ʋ̾һһƼҵĽ䣬۶ӻǺܶడ
һʱ䣡
ԭƱǻѾʧȡ֮ıǼ֮Ĳˡ




3641 ˭˭檣
 

Ʊڣ
׺ͺʱԵҲǿֵˡ
Ƽҡڡm
Ĳʽʼһе֢ʵϾ֮ǰûнԼȻĹϵ֮ڣ
ƼһӾ뵽˱֮УΪmո̸˺ˣ
Ʋ⧲ǣԼĶӾȻѾͷһˣ
һС֮ŮƲԲѴ֮Ϳ԰ƽ
أ
ƼҲԸĳ֮һڼmҲǲԸƼʵڿռɲˣ
ƲںmŪĸоһֻϿζ
鱾Ϊҵ˽̸Σ
Ʋд˱֮ɫû뵽īһ
ī˵Щ鶨ܱȶҪò𣿡
صһҲǵ峤ĳΪҲʱmһˡ
һжֱĶ
Ʋīͺصͱ˵ģҲǳƵ̾һ
Ƽҵ飡ص嵭˵
īһۺصǣظǿƵĺֻܰлŮãӲҪˣǿɾͲ˰ɣ
峤˵עһЩִ磡صɫѾ൱ѿˡ
ī˿֮ټӵڣ˵¶Щ˼ɵġ
Ʋһۺص壬ҲЩε˵ĶӺεºλĴడĳһ취Խ
ʲô취
īͺص弸ͬʱƲʵ
ӵ֮֮һ㣬˼ǼȻȻѾ˷֮ʵǶȻҪƼ֮ˡƼmҲǶ˻Լ˫ϲźˡ
Ʋīͺص壬ʵ˵һ㲻׵ġ
ʱƲҲûκεİ취Ļȡ
Ҫ˶Ӧ˻ǽƼҵһʯˣ
ԼҲܹڻmϵĻƼ˵ҲһηԾĹ̲
ֻƲһԵҲĿɿڴ
Ϊʲô
Ϊֱǲܵ飡
檳Ⱥ֮˵ȷǺܶ࣬Ů˵ݼΪС
һmľŵºһǱڵĴСȻ
˵ݣ¼޵κһطȥĻǾԲ檵ģ
峤㵹Ǵһֺ̰ұûŵԸΪ檵ĻȻٺòˡϾǶи󵽵İɡ
īһԵĺص壬ҲǺٺһЦ
صЦһīôĵӣ
ص壬ͲҪһŻīˣұڿɲŻġ
īȻǵʲõ˵Ҳνˡ
ص忴һƲ峤ⶨµĻ㷴ˣ֮䡭
ظҲˣЩȷĴԺúõĽѵļһģҪĻҪⰡ
Ʋźص壬ҲȰο
˿̣
ô֣鿴ȥʮֵɡ
ʵҲû뵽Ϸ绯ķת
ں˵mȻǲͬԼ檵ġ
īһĸôԼŮأ
˷֮ںһᣡ
峤mǿһֻҪŵΪޣ֮mԲ
صʵҲĺܣΪһ׮µ˱ǾԲǵѡ񣬸ο⻹Ǳڡ
ƼңĴ壡
صֻҪɵȻǿġ
ֻΨһ²ľһ⡣
˭ޣ˭檣
ʵ檲檵ʲô˵ģջҪ֮ĸ飿
ĳЩ棬Ѿ˵顣
˲ǽȻ֮ĹϵԼӶѡ
ЦǼȻͶϣȺظӦ֪İɣŵĪǼ޲ȥˣҪƼҼ
īôô˵ʵѾס˺صߴ磡
ѾҪǸҵڷûһmġ
Բ˳mǵʵѾһп޵Ĵˡ
ƲźصҲǵ˵ظ˺˭Ը⣬Ȼ⧲ȴҲ޽֮ŵ󣬰˵Ȼ֮ѡɡ
峤ʲô˼صɫࡣ
Ʋ̾һǺظһĻƼԸӦ֮ǰǸ
棿
ص۾һһԵҲǵһ
mĪҪˣ
˿ЩĿɿڴĿźص壬ԼȻĽԼ˵ĵز
mľŵ£檣
һʱ䣬֮ⷿڵʮֵĹ졭




3642  Ŀ
 

Ʊڣ
صı仯˸оһľ㵣
mȻm֮ŮΪ檣ǴȥĻ޶Ϊ֮䶯˰
ظƼȻСС˵һԳУ
Ʋźص壬ҲһĨȣ
صԥƬ̣˵ݺĳǿǣ峤֮ʱȻƼһ𸴣
ظֻһŶ
ƲƺʲômĶһ㣬úص徹Ȼ涼ˡ
˵ʵܶ񶼿mϢĲˡ
峤ǴӦ֮ǰôŹӦþͻͬġ
صЦһ˭Ҳ֪ƲĶԻʲô˼
һ֤ǣ֮˶żе
mȻϧ涼Ҫˣ˵ȻŲɷָĹϵ
׵һʱ뵽ƼҪԸ飬ҲֻܹmԼϰɣ
ҪƼҳսⲢһ׵顣
ΪһƼҵʵʱmҪʰƼһֵ飿
峤ʲô飿
֮ΪĴ֮һ˼ҵ峤Ҳվʵ
һԵܼ峤ҲǸǰ峤«浽ʲôҩ
ˣλĶˣҲҴˡʱλĶ
ƲһԵĹ֮ҲЦŵ
ŶԸ꣡
һҲǵ˵ֵֻڲͬ侲
λӦö֪ƼmЩһЩϢɣ
ƲҲûκεıܻˣ϶סģôҴţ󷽷˵ˡ
ֶ֣ҵȵȷһЩţֻǽ׿ĻҵȴҲҥ
λ˰ơˡܡļһ֦ͬôλأֻ֮ǰʱδѡ
ƲҲЩڱ˵mоǸһЩ
˭mеһأ
ȷ
ϲƼһֱûдӦΧ
m֮ҪƼʵҪǿҪĻǽĿǰв֮һ
mļƻȿȻڶһЩ̵֣ܽ
Ĵ壬ʱĵطƽ˳ˣĴ˸ʲô
ĴһߣȻΪmԸǣ
Ĵ⻼mҪסǵĵλҪĴ岻
صЩūԵӣʵϾΪmֲš
峤˭˭ҵûκεȤֻҪ֪ƼҶm׳ŵʲô
޹˼ɵʵûκεıܻ䡣
Ǳ²ĲĻӦøйذɣ֮Ʋ¶һ˿Ц
֪֮Ҳ
ƲδϣʵϹܹ֮²ĳҲ顣
ü֮ǰ²ӦҲˣֻʵ֮ƼһҪǿ᲻٣ƺɣ
峤ԲӣmʱѹƼҪǸѣ
ص忴⻰ѾˣҲֱ˵˵
ظǲ˵ʵĻҵҲûȥıҪˣźصЦһ
صɫһ䣬ȻæƼŷǷӰʱǰĳźͼܹۼһõĻʡºܶࣿ
׿˿ص壬ò˵mһеȷǺݣ
mƼҵĺĿ߰
׳н
һλǰĳŻ߼˳mʲôæ˲ɣ
һУ˵ģսֱӱСΧ
mСĴշ
mȻmڶԸԺ֪ԸǲҲ
һۺص壬֮дһ˿
峤ԲӣmĴˮˮȴһǹȻm
صʵ˵벻˵Ĵô˽أ
ȷ
ڶm˵ҪʿĻ򿪵Ŀǰõѡˡ
Ʋ˵ʱǹ峤峤峤ԸμӵĻǺôȻҲƽ䣬Σ
Ȼкü֮ˣǱڵīǴħħս죬Ƕġ
Դô࣬˭Ҫֱأ
ĳ·Ͽ˵һȤ£֪ظ峤ȤһǶܸȤġ
ī΢΢ЦЦĿƲͺص
ƲЦŵʲôԾ˵
mŵºƺѾˣ檲檵ĻѾûˡ
īһϯֱһĿɿڴ
ȻϵıѾǸˣǲܡ




3643  m
 

ȫԾ
Ҫ֪˼ȫǰƼңոշһ֪
īΪЩ飬ˣ
ǵΧʱ򣬻˵顣
Ǻеһʱȥ̽һ
֪һϢǱǺ֮䲻˻Լ
򴫳ϢǣѾǹ붴ˣ
ղīһֱû˵ΪҪƼξġ
īҲû뵽ƼҾȻŵ³Ϊ檣
дˬֻҪmһ
ԼŮƾʲôҪ˹һأ
ǺصӦ˺檣īҲʮֵĲˬ
ԣ
īûʲô̫ԥ׳һϢ
ҳԣ˵ġ
صϢʱҲסˡ
ƼѾЩʱ䣬ɵҲûյϢ
˵ӦѾǽƼҲŶԵġ
īĻصɫѾǳ׵ıˡ
ƲīҲɫһ˻棿
Ե棬˵Ļڿǰһ쵽ƼҡΪˣڻصȥȷһϢŹ˶ãӦþʹƼ˰ɣƼѾյϢҲ˵ء
īɨһȦˣҲ
ⲻܣ
صЩŵĿīøܡ
ôĲ֪ô
īЦһظϢԴǲడѾǴˡ
Ƽ·;һʱ䣬ǸոշõĻȷһʱ
һĴܼҵ峤Ҳǳ
֮˵Ļmλŵ¾̫Ϊˡ
ţȷϢԴ
ƲһԵ˵ȻҲЩҲסˡ
ǲƼ
Ʋʱôҵסأ
ԼδĶϱȻ޸˱ˣƼԺ󻹲ñЦ
峤ȷˣҵȸղ֪һЩ
׿Ʋߵӣʼٸߵʮֵĵ
ֹӣ㵱֪
ƲĿֱףЩеʵ
峤Ҫ֪ЩʲôĳǿԸ֮һײ˵
һԵĺҲ¶һ˿ЦһĵҲ߯ˣʱˣȻڵϷƲ
ԽˣԽŰȫС
ٸףдδй̤ʵȻҲ֪һ󵽵εճ
һǿԱ֤ģĴ֮һҳΪڵӵ£һ˵׵ΣϵڲϵĽ͡
ֹӣǺǼ޸˱ˣƲʵ
ͷʱmλŵĳλӢһЩڣ˶ԶģλӢš
ӢţƲף֮Ҳһĺ֮ɫ
Ȼ
ĳƺǶǸƼԵû˿ĻУ
ӢӢڲ֪һ㱾֪ģǼһȷһλš
ī׷·Ĭڴһ㣡
صЩ̲סʵ˭ıӵmľŵ¶ƭ
ǼһΪףλӦö˵ɣ
ī˿Ʋͺص壬ЦЦʵ
ףϤ֣صһ㶡
һԵƲŭһףĪǾǸ½λɣ
ī΢΢ͷ
ǽҲöĳ֣˸ʲôƲ׵ŭˡ
ǶƼҵƣ
صɫѿԲܣ˭֪m뽣ƲôôĺͿأ
黹Ĳܹ־ŵ¡˭뵽λ˵ľأī΢΢һ̾
ţҲҲŭˡ
ȻԼϱѾǿԼϱˡ
֪֮ܲ
Ҳһ黨֮ˣԲĿԼŮ˱˹ˡ
οʲôŲŵģһ˸ʲôأ
ͣһսeͺ裬˵ǲţˡ졭īҲǾ̾˵
ꣿôƲҲǵɴ۾ī
һԵĺصüʲôţ󶼵
ˣһɳʱҵ˵½ѰīҲ
ƲߣǾɱѿˡŵµĻ£ʱ
峤˼ǡص循
Ƽߣɱ⣡ƲظĪɣ
޳ȥŮóȥˮǹ˵ԭôƼҵˡ
صޱ˵ֻ֪˶ֳ
m
˿̣
ЩնĿĳط֣ѾֹסҪˡ
Ʋı齥ֹͣӣǼװɡ




3644  صľ
 

Ʊڣ
ģû뵽ԼĸΪܹסԼĴȨȻԼŮԲܲˡ
ȻһΪ֮ˣʱǸоЩܲˣ
˵ʵ
һֱ㽫һЩԼĸףԴmΣ
ײ׳ͬʱϣ׵ʱӮ˿ԷŹԼĸס
Ǻصһ׵úһδйӰ
׻Լ˿̵ĺҪˣ
Ҳ֪ܣΪһˣΪȫĽ㡣
ʱһݱ¶׿ҪΣ֮ˡ
ҡû£
ѹĺܵͣ˿˹ĵеĻ顣
˭ĹĺĴأ
ͷ˶Ʋ峤֪Ҫô׷
ر֪˶Ҫõ顣ֹ֪емĻ飿
ƲЩڴĿףںʱҲȥʲôˡ
һţ
ֻһţ۸ҪˮǴˣλΪΣ
ƲҲܻ䣬ֻ֪һŻĻǵʱ˭Ҳ˼˭ˣ
ļֵãö˵Ҳ֪ˡ
Ƕ٣
Ĵ廹mǱڡħȸ˭ҪõôõĶ
۸޷пܳЩһޡ
˭⻹Ҫֹ쿴ף˵
΢΢һЦȻλҪĳֻܼ۸ߵˣ
۸ߵã
һüǲ֪׵ʲô˼
ʵϣ
ԭֻҪ۸ߵãȻ֣һõĻᣡ
˵۸ߵʵûʲôνΪȱʲôö
ӲҪ˵ȱ㶫ĻôӦܽȱҩġ
ҩĸֳļֵȫһϡ
ҪЩҩĵĻ˵ƨƨߵľͻȥѰң
ȴ뵽һԼΪİ취
ƲЦһ۸ߵãѾһЩνϡƷˣѲֹӾͲҵȼ˺ıֹӦøһ׼۰ɣ
׼ۣûУֻĳҪһ淨
һε΢΢ҡͷֻһЩɻ
һԵĺҲƵĿףȻ˵е׼ۺûе׼Ӧûʲô
һĻǵʱͲ˵ˡ
Ȼˣ׵Ӧҵ峤
Ҳ֪׺«ʲôҩ
ŶԸ꣡
Ʋ˿̷·һ
˵Ҫµ淨ҲЩ
Цһλһֱ۵Ļʱ۸ۣλĸҲ𡭡
⡭ֹ˼ǡ
Ʋ˸Щˣֵĵʲô˼
ȻǼ۸ߵãһӦòϵĴ̼ǰɣ
ʱȻΪǿǣǵļ۸̫ˣ
׶ĻǾԲ仰ǳ֮ڵġ
׵һЦΪ˱λ̫಻Ҫʧĳ㻻һֽ׵ķʽ
ֹʾһԵĹ֮ҲǼæ
׵ͷȻ̧ۻɶԵľôǲ˽³ۺˣ
ֹӵĻ岻ⰡƲ˲ʵ
׹һֵܼ򵥣ĳֱ뼸λ棬λֻҪ˵Ŀеļ۸񼴿ɡʱ۸ߵãλҲѯ۸١
ⲻ
Ʋ΢΢ͷһҲ޻˵ˡ
ⶫ˼ҵģ˼˭˭Ҳʲô᲻
峤ĳֻҪ峤Ϊĳṩһ߶ŵƧ֮ĳλ̸Ҳϣ
ǳΪƱǣһ֮ǰǶȻû뵽ġ
ƲͷȻûġֹ֪ӻʲô𣿡
ҡҡͷûˣҲϣλԼú˼һԼļ룡
˿̣
һĦȭƣһԾԾԵı顣
Ļȷ൱дһ뷨
˭֪ԭŵľȥݷĴ峤ܹѰǵİǽǶԼӵ㹻һõİ취
Ĵ塢mˣ
ĶѾmγ˷֮ͥˣ
ƲĴ£ĳƱ˹ȥ
һȥ֮ˣ˭Ҳû뵽׾Ȼѡħս졣
ֻǲ֪Ⲣĵһμˡ




3645  ʹ
 

Ʊ
һܱյĿռ䣬ҲƼҵ֮
ƲѾǹܲôˣܵĳҲƼԼĵ̡
˿̴һ˿ɻףĻ˸оޱȵĿ־壡
ΪħһǿߣսԼҲû뵽ô̵ʱھȻˣ
Ҫ֪Լʱ򣬻ɽ֮ʱ
ǸʱԼΪԼķ
û뵽һ˶ݵʱھͽ硣
⻹㣡
һﲻǽ磬ҪȻѾǳΪĿһ㡣
룬еĻҪĶ
ͳ죬
һλԣҲǺò¡
ּˣף
쿴ףҲ΢΢һЦ
лղͳûеĳЦŵ
ղһȱͳ컹ûиȷݣڿСӻǵɽСˣ
쿴ף׵Ļ˲ҲǻȻ
ɽһĳͳֻĳ·ӣûüȥݻͳ죬û뵽ھȻķʽͳˡ
ЦŵԭǴȥħһ˰ݻ졣
ڿħ֮Ѿû̫ıҪˡ
΢΢̾ò˵СǺǿʱ䣬Ȼɳ˵ĵزʵ˺հ
ͳˣ֪ЩͳΣЦʵ
̫ˣô޻񣬰ȥĻ޿¾Ͳˡ
쿴ףҲЩε˵
ͳڵĴޱãǲΪãһεʵ
ͨ򵥵ĵͳ컹֪ġ̸ֻװЩ˵
ЦЦĳͳ˲˵ˣĳȡm֮ϣõͳİ
㣿ȡm֮
ԭΪҪ˵ʲôأɴ˻һԼҲʵһ
ôͳòɣ׷ʵ
΢΢ҡͷҪ䣬ɱҲǱӦûع鵱ͳܹôһģmΪ˲һеӦ֪ɡ
Ϊǲͳ
ܴͳʵ
ܣͳֵΣ׼ʵ
ܣͳȻ޻˵
΢΢һЦĳնΪҴػߣ֪ͳĳǷΪͳ
Ŷ˵ȻԣЩ𾪵Ŀס
ЦһǾ˵ˣ
٣СǴ޵ػߣ컹Щȷʵ
ٰ΢΢ͷ
m֪СӵݣûΣ΢˫۵
״ݲȵǳ飬ֻĳһЩʵ֮ͥ񡣾m֪ĳݣҪĳҲ¡
Сӵžһ˻ѧһЦȻ֣µãͳȻղѾ˵ˣȻܷڡ
лͳ죡
׹ֵû뵽Ȼô˵
ʵϣ
컹Ĳô˵һˣֻ˵ػߵݵȷޱȣ
ټЩħ屻mѹʮҴѾΣ
ǳԱĿģҲҪһġ
쿴ʵף˽֮⻹˭ڰ㡭
ԥƬ̵ͳ̹ϣĳҲҴˡѾУзmˣ
ŶǺб°Ҳǳ׵סˡ
˼Ŷ೤ʱ䣿ȻıԼã
һ뵽ߣ춼Щ˼ˣ
׿죬иղ棬Ҳһ
ŶⲻܰɣĿס
ЦһĴ棬ҲѾһΪڵˡ
࣡
Щ˼Ŀʵ㡭㵽ôģػߣĴҲİ
ܣЦһ
Щε˵ͳ͹㰡⡭⡭
ͳҪ˵ʲôĳȻ֪Цŵ
٣ҪϵǶʵ̫ˡҲǸЦһ
飡
Ҳǰ羳Ĵڣⶫջʵ̫̫ˡ
ΪԼôϤˣټһϵ
׿϶ҪԼˣ
Цһãĳδͳ죡
ΪΪʲôɫһ䡣
Īһ￴ԼѾӦҪջһˣ
ΪĲˬⲻǰԼɳ
ΪãĳиõĶͳɾͻ硣
˻һ
ԭѿɫһƬ𾪣
ҲˣΪǰһ˵ĻʵǳⷶΧˣ




3646  ƵƲ
 

ʲʲôĪ˵Цɣ
ԭʮֵĲˬȻ˵Ӧ˹˳ס
һٶʵ̫̫˰ɣ
ԼոմӦˣһͳİѻˣ
첢һҪõ飬ôԺҲÿǲҪþȫˣ
û뵽ǣײԼԭȻΪбȻõĶ
ôأ
һѾǵ߸ˣǻбȻõĶĻ޵ˣ
һ뵽ߣоԼǳļ
ײǰοԼ˵һдʣ⻳ɵĿ⿴ס
׿ӣʮֵӦ
鲻Ǳʱɣ֮ĺʵ֮١ٵĻ֮ҪȡͻԵĽչ²̫ܡ
׿죬Ҳʵ˵
ͷȷһĪҪˣܶΪ֮㲻̸ʲôأľЩ𾳺ûϣǿһϣ
ͳ˵û絫ЩöһЩˣ˵飬Ϊһ𾳺֮˵УڿЩ羳ǿ߿᲻ðɣ
׿죬Ҳ΢΢һЦ
ͷǿ϶ģ˲Ϊ𣡣ֻ˵ǡ
Ժͻ֪ˣڱ˵Ķ鲻ǲ׺һڶѣ
˵ԼĻС磬Ļ֮Ȼʣ̫ࡣ
νʣҲˣˡ
ο֮壬СѾǿԲһ˿Ļ֮ˣ
һʱĿ뵽羳Ļǵʱ֮ȡ֮֮ˡ
ĳĿԴ˰
鼤һ̣¶һ˿Цݡ
ٴ֮仹Ǻǳ졣
ֻײδἰ棬Ϊʱδ
˿̣
ƱһɫأʵǹغĿǰÿһĴ¡
˵ʵ˭Ҫĳɾͻ磿
Ҫ֪ܶ˶ڻ綼һģĸɳɾͻѾǳԽصɰ裡
˭Ҫһֱط˭Ҫصɣ
ڸղ׽ʱѾʮֵ¶ˣ
ѰĶЩ˵˻ôʧ̬ô
峤񡢹˼峤ܼ֮峤
׵˳˿̲δƲīüѣ
һԵĺص壬֮ʼմһ˿ɻ֮ɫ
кֱ˹ȥһԵĹ֮һͷˮĿŶԷ
˵ôһӽȥ
Ʋ˵ӰȥУҲǺɵĿһԵĺصīʵ
ص嵭˵ֻһţֵôӦǽ⼸ų˰ɣ
īҲǵͷǰҲӦþǲ˷̫ʱ䡣֣Ļ˰
¹˭ֻһأmҪĶҲûʧֹ
صȻҪõ飬ԼĴ񹬵ĺعҲôġ
ҲΪʲôصһֱûзһԭ
Ʋص壬ʲô˼
ȻôõǺĳƫҪһԣҪҷĻҲǲԡ
ص忴ƲЦһ
˵ƲɫĿźص塣
ص嵭˵ֻҪƼҴӦĳ鼴ɣƼܵķΧ֮ڣ
飿Ʋһʱm˵ó飬Ҳøǣ
峤ĳԱ֤ԲҪƼκεĶص
˻棿Ʋźص弱æʵ
mһһԾŶ峤ôζûеĻǻ˵ʲôأص嵭˵
Ʋ˵ѾΪĲˡ
ôõĶǲΪõĻƲоԼܷˡ
ԣ֪صвԼ£ƲȻĴӦãֻҪƼҵĺܷΧ֮ڣû⡣
һԡص¶һ˿ЦЦı飬Ʋһޣ
λһеǰǽֵСӵҪ˭˸ղŽȥļλһλĻī֮Ĩһ˿ɱ
˼ǡƲīЩܵ˵
ûκε˼ѾΪ׼ң峤ұȻҲֵ֧ġ
īĻ̬ȣƼҽףڱԺķչž޴ĺô
һлǿ˵ɡ
ƲһƺھĵȴŽ
Ʋ˲֪ǣбء
飬ҲûдƼmͱڡ




3647  б
 

Ʊ
Ĵ֮еĹ˼Һܼλ峤ҲЩơ
֮һԵҲǻһȻֹӣǺ⣿
峤峤ĳλΪ˻һ£λ
׿Źֱ֮˵˵
峤ͳأüʵ
λԼˡ׵Ļù֮һ˲񾭱ҲЩŵĿס
Ȼǲ֪ǰֵļһ˵ĵʲô˼
ֹ֮ӣ㾿Ǻˣ
вգףԶڡ
׿Ź֮һε΢΢׵
֡
֮ף沿ЩʣһԵƺҲǱ׵ˡ
Щ㵵ʵǽڵǸղ㾹Ȼҡ
ڸղţ
Ȼö֮˵Լ顣
Ҫ֪Ƽҵĵ̣ͲƼ֪֮Ȼŭɱ֮
ǣȻڸȻҲûʲô׼Īλ峤Ҫȥ˵ĳݲɣ
׵ֱĿŹ֮һ̣˾ȻЩ·ĸо
Ҫ֪ǿǰ羳ǿ߰
ǰλĸǰǾȻҲһ˿Ľš
ù֮ԼЩ˼ˡ
֮һһԵǰһ㵽ʲô˼
ڵ˼ܼ򵥣ϣλ峤Կĳı£֣ص˵û˿Ц֮⡣
һԵЦŵ֣֡ĳ⣬λúÿһ
֣㡭ѾںˣΪʲô
֮ҲһͷˮʵȻЩ˼飡
һԵҲǵǰ֣Ĵһ֦ͬƺ
񵭵˵ľܣ飬ȻǶοĴҲmĹϽ֮£ֻmЩҵȲ㲻𣿡
ˣھܴ֮ʵ
һԵ˵ڵȷǴȴܹΪǴ޵ػߡ
ͳĪڿЦôѾǱ٣Ҳֺػһ˵ĪǱĳЩ˸ƭˣ
һƵĿŶһﾹȻ˵Ĺ
񵭵˵֣֡ĪǶΪǸɵӲɣȻˣػߣҲĴ򶯱塣
֣ҲǱҪ˵ģһ򲽽ػߣӦҲð˵ķհɣҪ֪⽣ʵóȻʵҵȿˡ
֮Ҳ΢΢һ̾
Ȼ˶ѡ죬ǻǿġ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ챻mѹĺmʵ򲻵һȥ
֧ػߣ۴ʲôǶ˵ǿԽܵġ
Цһ飬λҪ
֣أ֮Ƶ˵˭Ҫ
ֱӵ֣˵ľǷϻ˰ǲҪĻǸʲôأ
ͲҪ͹֮ǵݵ˵
ʲʲô֣챾ôЩ
֮Ҳ΢΢ҡͷ
ڿȥ˸оЩˡ
ĻôõĶôܾܾأ
һԵҲǵ˵ٺ٣ͳҲҪ
˰ǣ죬ʵЩ̲סŭ
֣֡˿㴥ıݣлɽٷ磬Ը𣿡ʵ
ⲻϻ֮Ҳˡ
һԵƺӦ˹Ȼ֣㲻˵ǰλ԰ɣ㵱ҵδµСô
ǣűµĻôԼ˰ɣɰ֮һε˵
ˣ
ʱһǿޱȵ˰ס
һ̣
֮о崺һ㣡
Ļ֮ù֮Ȼϥʼⲻ磬ȴ
һҲʿˮȻҲǺȥһ¡
ֻ֪Լżһʱᣡ
ڹ֮Ӥһ˱ǻ֮ʱ
һ룡
Ȼ֮Ȼֹδֹһ㡣
ʣµģֻǹ֮ЩãȻȴ˷ܡʧ䲢ı顭




3648  ʵ
 

֮
˿̣
ǹ֮ϳֳı鶼ʮֵľʡ
ԭҪõʲôǻ飡
ǰŻչֳĻ֮ԶղͻȻֵĻ֮
Ҳ˵ǰλղŪĻ֮żȻ
ֲøղ˵Ǵıݡ
֮һ۶֣㡭ΪΣ
˿Ҳǳ˷͵Ĳ˼֮У֮˵ǻعֱ֣̫˼˰
ǰû뵽ȻԴ֮⡭ֱ񼣰
֮ҲǺϧԼ֮ʣ켣ô꣬ʽ˶
Ψ֮ѹûмġ
˵ղ˵ܹǴıݵʱ֮Աǵġ
νΪۼΪʵ
ǲмһ֮ʱû뵽˵Ѹ͡
Դһ˿֮ǰðһ
̬ȣ
̬ѾǲԶˣ
֮δӦСӾȻѾͶϵļˡ
ټҲѾǼ뵽˼ҵӪ֮С
֮΢΢һЦҹ˼ԭm쵼֮£λػ߹λҵӦ֧ͳ
λĳθλֻĳϵܱλ֪̫ˡĳһ֮롭
׿Ź֮Ҳǳ
ʲôܷԸ
֮ʱҲǹ˲ôˣɾͻʵ̫ջˡ
ÿһλ𾳺ڵǿ߶ԵƵջ
ο֮ѾҪһµĿʼ
ΪոսӴ˵Ϊǳһȴš
ȻᶨôЩҲǲκεԥġ
ЦһȻ˵ղű˵һЩҲһЩ֮λԱڻǰŰɰɣ
⡭Щ˵ܣ˵Ļ˵ˣ֮Ҳƽ˵
粨ܣ׾Բʤֽˣ
Ϊ֮ƣҪѪˡ
ܹûκεĺ֮ǣǰ˭Ҳ֪˭ܹ̣
ڿԸ֮λȻˣһǰġһε˵
ʾ¡
λðڵķǳȻǵʵ֮ϡ
ҲǵȻѾ˳˵ĻȻȥġҵȸҵҲǰ
ͳ˵ûҵȸҵҲ˰벽
͹֮Ҳ̻ӦһĳⶼûеĻű˻ʲô
Ȼ˵ʵǷǳĶ֪࣬εĻһ˱ǿ»ٲľء
ټ׵ʵǷǳУ˼СһЩҲǿġ
ЦһѡȨλԵõڳÿһλľѪһΡ
Ѫ
΢΢üȻ⾫ѪЩ
ΪһЩ˻þѪһЩԱ˲飬ΪֵһܵķӦ
˵ˣһѪʱҪָҲЩѶȵġ
׵˵λ˵κε˺
⡭
֮ЩԥȻ׽Լĵ׶гˡ
δ֪ĶҲЩԥ
һԵҲü֪Ҫ⾫Ѫ׸ʲô
ʱλ֪ˣֻܳŵλûʵԵӰ졣
˵ҲûȻѪԿһˡ
׻ûѪȥвʲôˣûѪҲô¡
Ѫ׻
վڵ裬ΪʱĳЩ˵ıѣһЩɿصľ淢
Ψһܹ֤ľڵļλǩѪɳʲôҲΪ֮ġ

ֱӼһξѪЩ谵Ŀռ֮УξѪԵǸҫۣ
ʵϣ
ûνˣҪ֮ǰ׾ĶӣͲˣ
˵ˣһξѪʲôأ
ݣ
˿ѾԼľѪԥһҲǼԼľѪ
˲䣡
һǿʶס⼸ξѪڼ˻δӦʱ
һɫķѾǽ⼸ξѪԼľѪںһ𣡣
ĿɿڴĿǰһУҪ׾Ҫʲô
ʱһһţ
ĳһ̣
׺Ȼ۾ǰЩѪѾΪһ壬Ȼ뵽׵ڣ
ţЩֵķ֣Ƕ׾Ȼһֲɿܵĳ
ˡ˾ֵĿס
׵һЦλػţⲻǱΪ׶ѣλûκε˺ʱλɾͻ磬ѪȻʧˡ
Ѫ쿴ЩȻ
һԵĹ֮̾һˣҵԭʹ˳ģֻҪҵûʲô˺һжνˡҡһ£ղŵ˵Щʲô
ǣ峤ļԵǲһЦܿȻĿյλ֪Ϊӵл֮ΪڵѾǾ˸졭
죿⡭ʻܸ죿Ӷˡ
Ŀһ֮ȻⲢŻǿղűҪ˵ıǱ˺ͽܣ¶ȿɷˣ
˻
һڣһԵļۿоһأһɾ㤵ı˲両ǵ֮ϡ




3649  ϲƲ
 

Ʊ֮У
˳˹ȥԭһҪ̸ƲˣȴûеõκεĻᡣ
Ѿ˳ƲЩ㵵ʵֹӣˣ
ţʱˣЦһ
ǡǻѾǸ֮еĳһλˣ
Ʋϴޱȵʧ䣬һҲǳ뵽˹ȵס
һԵīͺصҲüѣȻû뵽ԼĻᶼûС
صֹӣôǲЩˣ
ظĳģĳҪ˭˭ɣ
mˣûʲôøУ
˵֮ǰùӣصŭһ
ظm뢣˵ĻômĪǾôǿôԭӦþһƽɣ
׸ص߳ŭӣ˵
Ʋźص˰ˣˣ̸ЩҲûʲô塣
峤ĳҲδ˵͸ˡ
˿̣
׵һεļ˻飬˵
صɫһӾͱޱȣһˣ
ˣôƺһʼǺظвĳɣ
׿źص壬Щôĸо
ֹӣĪĪδ鰡
ƲԭһѾǳȵףڿ׸ûнȥ
оԼϣˣ
׵˵ŻļֵĳλӦö֪İɣ
Ȼ
Ʋһ˿Եı仯ʧøоԡ
˴£˽µĽλ϶΢ʣĳ̸һʱ㻻һ淨
һε˵Ʋ沿һεĶ
ֻһ淨īҲüʵ
ֹ֪Ӵ㻻ʲô淨ƲɫÿΪһ˵һƼ峤ǣűߵĸоĲá
׵˵Ƽҽ֮ʱĳ
ֹӻδȡƼҵı۰ɣƲһεʵ
΢΢һЦƼҵĶĳѾǿİ˾ŲʮֻĳƱһЩ
򣿹ֹ˵ЦˣϵĶã
ƲףҲǴֵ˵
öĻǵʱ鲻ԼҲԼˡ
Щ㵵ĿƲ⡭ĳô˼
ɲһǫˣʵ֪ʱƼҵĽ϶۶Ƶġ
˵ģԼŮ˺ƼҾݲˣ
ʱһģǸʱƼҲδѡΪ˻Э
ɱԽҲǼпܵġ
Ϊʲôʱ̸ı⣿ΪҪձѾȫձϣ
mˣȻǲձġ
ǱڵӦҲǷǳѣײȥðա
ȻˣƼң
Ҳ˵ģлԼ˼ҵδޣ𼸺ɱ֮ˣ
Ƽ̣
׿ɲƼô϶Ŀǰġ
ֻû뵽׵һ˵ǸƲ˺ܶ⣡
Ʋ׵ӣҲһϲ˵ˣƲһϲύľֹῡܣƼһ͵ġ
峤ȻǺˬ֮ˣĳҲЩЩˣ
һεĿƲѵ˭һ˶Ȼأ
Ʋڰֵֹӷģ˵Щ͸͸㣬顭
峤ҪЩĳǰɣ
׿ƲҲǰ뿪Цʵ
Ʋһ֣Ϊһεĸʾء
ʱƲԳһνıֹӣС˱岻ɣĹʱֹԶᣡ
峤һﵽʱ򡭡
īоЩԾһиоﲻԾ
ǰһﲻѺصоЩ֣־ǰӦǲ׵ǵġ
ûнƲĻǲϷˣƼ
⵨
īЩܣǿģܾʲô۶Ҫ
īĻƲ̴ϵֹֻǽѶѣô㶫Ƽһ͵ġ
׹һֵ峤Ȼ˵Ļĳ͹˰
һ£
ֱʮԼҪϣоͰ黨֮Ķ
õĶԽԽ࣬ƲǵûЦ
ֻǵ˽䣬Ʋ׻ܲЦǾǸδ֪ˡ




3650  ׵Ĺ
 

Ʊ⣡
˶Ÿոսȥ˵ôˣ
ֻҲǲ֪Ӧʮֵˡ
֮ǰóĻ飬Ҫ䶯ˣ
˵Ĵӵ֮³Ҳָָ㡣
˵ǰ˵Ǹǻء
Ʋ˷ͷȥҲǻصԼס
׺ͺеĺܣƼҵشɽˮ֮أĿ

Ƕ˸һ밮ӵСһ㣬ǺһһЦǣ׵ġ
֮ǰһΣ˵꿪ʼϡ
˿̿ףôĺ
ĸ׾ȻԼ֮⣬Լص嵱˵˵ѹҲš
ΪԼԼΪ谮Ůû뵽Ȼ˵³
ѲɽΪȨʧȥԼӵеһ
Լļ˶գһ۾úһֲĸо
ףԼޱůͰȫĸо
ף㡭ղŰǰ˺ȥʲô˰
ǿףĺʵǷǳġ
ֻһһֱ˵ҲǱ˺ܾòʳġ
ЦŵһΪ㲻Ȥء
ߣİɡһʵ
׸æûûУǷ˲ʣҲҲ˵
ʶ࣡
ڶ׳ƺԼǷˣѾνˡ
Щˣһ϶ĳһˣûκεĹ˼ɡ
˵ʵ
һʼԼϲһˣȻáӡֶεõԼ
ģ˵ŵ㣬ŵ޵ĿʼŴ
ĺоԼԼǰǰĶˣҲʼѧˡ
m֪ģʱҲշǡղŽȥǼԸġ
׵Ҳû˵̫ף˼˵ˡ
ֵǻĹѾͳ͹峤峤̸ˣ
ʵ
лǵmκһ˵ʵûôĿɣ
ô̵ʱڣĿҡܼҡ˼һħ֮˳Ϊ׵ĺߡ
ȻϵںҲǲɿģЩǾס׵ջġ
Լĸô꣬κεĸıûУ
Ĵ廹mޣ˷ǰƼңΪܹõƼҵ֧ȥԼĸԼ
ЦһЩղӦ֪ô˳ҵİɣ
Һ͹˼ҡܼҶ⣬һһѱģôô׵ľ͡
Щ΢΢ҡͷȻʵЩ벻ͨ
ƺЩɽ֮ʱѾʶˡ
ɽ磿½֮ˣ
֪׺ܶܶܣȴûἰԼ
һֱΪһڽڲȴû뵽һﾹȻǴ½
½˵ĸоһĪأ
Ϊ֮Ҳ֪絽жôѣ
ɽ磬Ҳ˶ˡ
ɽ磬һвٵŮء׿źҲ̹ϵ˵
㡭ĴܲĶЩˡ
ЩεЦЦЩǵѣ˷ǰ磬ĳ׵񲢷˴mǾˣ
ˣʲôˣڵʵҪӦúװɣ
üҲһãȻ
ҽ¸ɡ
˵˵ű㿪ʼ˵ˮԼ飬鵽Ũʱۿ֮ϡԿõһ˿⡣
Ǳ߽ԼЩ飬ǵˮ˵һ̣ȻҲ档
һŮˣжôİˣŻô޷ˣ
һˣжôİŮˣŻҪ
ܽ
û
֪ܽҪôĴۣҲ˵ЩΪҩġ
ĴˣʱҪܽҲҪʱ˺ͣ
һ̣
ûκεļ֮ģеֻˮһ𾴡
ףõһᾡȫġ
ҧҧҲǿ׼ᶨ˵
ʱжһεһµ֪ΪԼȫΪеˡ
ͷ鼱ҲЩҪ˵ġ
ףƼҵĽ䣬ҡ㣬Ӧô죿
еĵߣ֪׵ôģ
֪ˣģû˿ҵĸǰ˺㡣̤ҵʬȥ
׿źᶨ˵
һů׵ԣһоԼ׵ޱȵůͿ㡣
ڶ磡
ƼҵĽҲһƬпˡ




3651  ĵ
 

ƹڣ
ƼܲĽһƬ֮Ҳǿʼˡ
һƼҵĽڶĿ⣬ΪעĿʵϱǴ֮mŵºĻԼ
ȻĴħm˶֪˺ܶ顣
кܶȴ֪еԵɣЩ˲²һmƼ֣ùӦþ֮ˣ
˿̣
˭Ҳ֪ǣ֮ѾȻǰƹȣ켣Ⱥ֮У
оͰڵԶɽ̫١ҫ󸱸ˡ
һȻǰʵһΪ̽mƼҵĽϡ
ҲΪ˰бףǲ֪״˿̵ôˣ
ԶɽվŵڵĳԶΪ鱨ϵͳͷͷ
ԶƹȵϤ̶Զ֮ϡ
ԶϢ𣿡
Զɽ˻켣Ⱥ棬ͷɫң֮֮ûһǧҲа˰١
Ѱ֮Ҳ̽ǵݣϾܹƼڲǾһ·ɸġ
ԶɽҲ֮ǰƼڲĹϵŴݵĽеġ
Զʱɫأ΢΢ҡͷҵȸոսУ֮ǰƱʱһλֵĹӡ
˵꣡
Զ֪˵һ飡
Щ㵵ʵûĻӦþˡֻľԼƼˣҪ֪׿ɳȥĻǿɾ˰
ҲԼĺԼǣƼҿɶʵڽƼΧѾǲ˸ʽĸְ
ǿ϶ģ˵˷ǰĿmĸص塢ڵīԼħͳ죬⻹Ĵλ峤ȱȻܲˡ
Զɽ΢΢üȻʼҲûпó׵ʲô
ٺȻʲôЦһû£Լİ취Ҳ˵أ
죬ʲôأԶɽ֪Ĵڣٺͷ֪ġ
쾭ôһѣҲ΢΢һЦֶͨ죬ҲӦûԼĵƣ
ֹ۰ƼҰټmˣǾüһЩƣԶԿôİ羳ǿߣ
Զɽŷ٣Ҳûʵ
ٺͷɫһ䣬Ѱκβף
һβһһԵĿĴ尡
࣡
һĭȷڿѾˣʱһݱ¶Ļǿ¡
ǰó˻͸ƼһˣĻҪװ
ҲɫȻ׵֮вٵĸ֣
ЩǿҲ𾳺ڶѡ
Ĵλ羳ǿߣټǺص壬ֱһݰ
ݣҪֱȵ컹ѣ
ӵзm˵ĸ֣ƼȸƼ֮أҲҪΪصĴۻпѡ
һ뵽ߣԭĵٺͷһε
һ㣬˵ǱŮѾ˷֮ʵƼһڵǿѡҪ֪ǿ򳬼ţҲʲôʡ͵ĵư
ԶһҲǲ̸ҲǾһ亹
쿴ԶɽʵµĻҵȳֻǲ֣
ȻҪˣ֮бҪһ˻ȥִ֡Զɽ
ʱԶɽѾ뵽Ľˣ
ٳҵҪֵĻҲҺͷϸȥû٣ҲûзϸûƿصĻľˣ
ԶɽȻɫֳһĨЦݵ˵ʵʵڶкܴĵģȻԼҲ֪ĵǴʲôط
ȷŴδ漣ɡ漣Ҳÿһζܹİɣĳһֱڵ裬һ
Щ΢΢ҡͷ׵ȷģһ˲ӣǱٲ
쵭˵ɰ죬ҵȵϣϣûˣʬʲômΪҪƼ֣ΪҪĺ·Ѿûκε·ˣ
ǰϸ˵ûٸ׼˵Щʲô˿̣Ƽҵĸ̨֮ѾǳһӰ
ƼҸ峤Ʋ׺Ӱ֣˽֪Ҫʼˡ




3652  
 

Ƽܲ㳡룡
Ʋ׺һȻɨˣΪƼҵĵһ峤Ʋ׺ϲС
ֻĳԭֵĳ˲䰲
Ƽ峤𾳺֮䣬λ̧μĽ䣬ĳƹȻӭλĵ
Ʋ׺ߴ͸һ˲˸о
˿̻ĴӺ˳űƼ峤Яһǿӳ˵֮С
Զɽ˿׾Ȼö֮վеʱҲһĿɿڴ
ϲ峤
Ƽ֮˴ͷһƬɽХ֮ϯƼҵܲ
ĵͷȻЦһлλǰѶ֧񰮡ϣδƼܹλЯֲ
Ƽ峤һˣ
Ʋ׺һĶʱһԵƲдЦȥΪţ
ʵϣ
ԭΪĽƼ׼˺ܶʽʱˣ
һеĸԭ˲֪飬ҲֻƲ֪ô£
ʵⶼΪ׵ĳ֣˵Ϊĳ֡
ڵƲĶȤȤҲǻˡ
֮ǰƼһҪġ
һȻĻ£
Ʋɨһ·֮ˣ¶һ˿Ц֮ڣ廹Ҫһ飬ǱڴСȻĻ¡
˻
һ˾㵲ѣʵĻѾ˾֪顣
ܶǰƼңΪ˿ƼҺm󵽵ܹһʲôЧӦ
ôҲû뵽⵽Ȼ˵ľ棡
ȻĻ£
ܶȻ֣֮ǰƱȻֵһҲ֪ġ
ܶھҪmӦԴ£
mľŵ£񱻱ڵĴСˣֿеĿ
ϲ峤
һҲߺȵֻЩ˵ӿȥֻ
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ԭmƼ֮û뵽Ȼ˵ĳճ
һ뵽飬صһ
Ӧû֪£֪˵Ļ»֪Ҫճʲôأ
ļ޸ǸʲôεĻԹ˵Ƣ˶ȻǱɵġ
ԣ
ȻҺһĻǲ罫ƼңƼҵӶˡ
ټƼ峤֮ǰӦҪΧҲǴﵽǵĿˡ
ֻǺص岢δ뵽˵ĻȻȫˡ
ƲһЦһԵɫδеôÿ
һ뵽飬оԼǱ˴ñһܡ
ͷһƬԭָоɲϲ
ֻȻߣҲñֵ̫ˣʵҲ֪ȻһֱǰϾ֡
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ظ
ƲתͷһԵĺص壬ҲǴһ˿ЦЦı
صЩε峤£
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Ʋ֪mƼҵ˶෽ĹעôˮƯˣ˭Ҫ۷׷ˡ
ƲƼҵëʮֵϧôԸñڱƼָָأ
mԼǱ֮˺ˡ
صѾˣ˽˵˵Ҳͺˣ̨涪Ŀmˡ
ƲǴһֺ̰
ɺصȴΪڸƼҵĹϵʮֵ΢
Ƽҳְжĺ·ǵʱİֶ˲١
ûƼҵİæƼıӻ֮˵ĻmųɾŵĽʧܵġ
ص֪ʱŤŤĶصĻʱmֻӵĶˡ
ĳϴ󣬻ӮĳЩ˵ĺøУ
صԴһ˿峤Լǣm֮ȷƼйͷĻԼֻΪĳЩ˶Զʧܣա
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Ʋһ֮ǰص˵̬ȣ⻰˵ΪǿӲ
峤¼ȻˣǺ㽻mã֪峤ΪΣ
صɫ൱ѿȻѾ뵽ˡ
ɱǣűߣܲ
ֻںص岻òôɴ߲Сڣ
m˲Ҫһ仰úܶ˴۾
Ҫ֪mľŵ°Ȼһǣűߣ
һʱ䣡
Ƽܲ㳡ʱըˡ




3653  ǿƼң
 

mǲǷ˰m֮Ů
ǰmȷƼҰȻһλµΪע
mҲûʲôϢˣȻҪһŮ˵ȡƼҵ֧֣
ǿҴĴŮ֮һϧˣ
ƼҵͬʱmˣǺοհ
Ƽܲ
һǱ߰̾·ǵŮҪնɱһ㣡
ʵ˵ǿֶѡ
ֻǺͷȷʮֵΪòǻ۵ĻǺܶ˵˰
˿̣
˭Ҳ֪ʵվ̨ԹһУ
֮ӣûκ˿ˡ
ߡѹ֡ʧ䡢ǣ
һԼλ˵飬ѹֵԼй顣
ǺȴҲʮֵʧ䣬Ϊһӣ˭ϣĽأ
Ҫ֪ΪmҲ¹պսģ
Ȼˣ
ĺʵ֮һǵǣΪ֪״һʮֳ嶯֮ˡ
ȻΪͷһĪҸ
ӲԸ⿴ΪԼ
֮ǰ׽Ʊʱûиȥ
Ժ֪׸ѾǴЭ飬ѾǳΪ׵ˣ
һ֪ʮ⼸˵İƼҵĵ̣
˵ģƼҵ˺ս¾Ҫ׳Բ˶ˣ
ʱ
ƲźصĻҲݸһЦظ壬˾ٵȷƼܳĳúظһ±mľ⣡
׻
ƲȻҲ׷ʹˣȻص̬Ѿڳˡ
ôȻҲҪm֮һӣ
Ļ˼mΪĳЩĿĲôôȫΪöף
ȻϷǺܶϷΪҰο
صǿһ˿Цݵm˵˵һҹ˶µĹء׻˵úãӷͬŵȻҹ˵Ůǰû˿⣡
޳֮
оԼ޳ܵһĳ̶ȡ
û뵽һԼŮΪȻҲᱻ˵ĵ׺
˿̽ȭͷ޲Լȥصؼȭ
ƲδһԺҲǵ˵š
ڡ
ƲߣһȺɫƼҷΣԼݵ˳Ʋĸǰ
Ʋ˵Ƽ
峤
ƼƼҵһֻܶ飬˭Ҳ֪Σ
ȴʮֵ˿ֲƼִ񼸺ûʧܵӡ
һȡƼѶȺʺ϶ȣҲֵ˵ǿ֮
ƲĿ֮дһ˿ɱȴһ֧ǰ׽mŵºԼס͵ظɱۣ

֮˵һԣֻ֮еɱ֮һĿ־塣
ƲЦһظΪΣ
Ȼ峤ѾˣǱ峤˼ˡǾŵºصmҲӶ˵ģ
صȻвˬ֪ʱǸƲǿйȥĻǵʱʧֻmԼ
mĵһĲܹһͳ
ʱmʵȻǴЩҹ֮ҲᾡͶmĻ֮У
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صҲҲΪյˣʱơ
Ʋеûô࣬ϾĴʵ֧ôˡ
֪ĴѾͶ׵ĻͲ˵ĸߵˣ
ʵ͵͸ߵûʲô
Ʋ˸ߵѡ˽飬Ƽҵȷһ
mĨӵڴ޻Ĳ
汾ֹϳ
Ʋ˿ȲҪϳʵϾҪȵõĹ
飬ǲǽѣ
ɨһȦȻ󻺻վƲķ˹ȥ
ֻǴʱЩ֣Ʋоһ
Ϊڵ׷·Ǳһһ㣡
峤ôȲҪ֪Ĺǰȥʵ
Ʋһ㶣漴ǿһ˿Цݵֹ˵ЦˣֹӾʱĻǲٵһȣ
ˣԭҲҪģֻ֮ǰǻȽһɡ
׵Ŀ֮дһ˿ζЦݡ
Ʋ׵ģüʵִֹʲô飿
۶ӲϣƲоһֱϷŪĸо
ֻǽ飬ŭͬʱҲЩĿɿڴ




3654  в
 

Ʋˣ
һʼƺûиԼһ׼ţ
֪ԼҪģһԼôĶȴûдӦʲô
֮ǰīǵһҲǵĵʱһﲻԼ
ôƼҶ˿ľͶˣ
һеһжǻֵĽƼҵĻϣһƲʮֵ
Ļôһ١ٶһϷŪԼ
Ƽҵϲƣ׾Ȼһε˵Ҫʲô飬ƲɫȻҲÿʲôطȥ
ֻ׿ȥʮֵ·ƲɫûκεĹϵһ㡣
峤Ҳȱϵˣʱ˵Ҳǰɣ
һεĿƲظ֮ǰĻ
ƲޱĿ׵ֹԳƱڣҲĳλŵˣֹ֪Ժη
򣡡
³ֻ֣˺Ȼ뵽ʲô
Ʋɫһ䣬ף
вգ¡
׵˵ֻһֱһԵ˴۾
λڵףһĵӿǷʰ
ǰδޣһȻö֮վ
⽣ʵǿᣬû뵽Ȼ˵ˣ
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һ׵֮Ҳǳ׵ըˡ
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֮ǰƼҪ׷ɱ׺ͺʱǼԶ϶Ǳˡ
Ƽǿǳڣʵ֮˾˵𾳳ڵˮ׼
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Ʋһ裬һԵѾˢˢĶ
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׿ҲǴһ˿ƵĿ⡣
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ŭһҲվ˳
һԵƲʾҪ嶯ҲǸоЩԾ
ǰһ˵ĵݣʵЩ׽͸
˵һһûӵˣƲĲô롣
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ȻˣԼݣӦ֪ʲô
ƲЦһ֮˸ɻĹâ
һԵĺصû뵽㾹Ȼҹأ
壬ڴˣ
׳˳ȥȻҲʾ˿ѾժԼ֣¶һա

ȻŶĺҲǵɴ۾
֮ǰȷǸоЩϤֻǽϤѡ
ȻɲΪ޸ֵģȻƼҡ
ⲻ뻢
ȻôҲû뵽Ů˾ȻĸˣҾ͸˹
ȻУԼðɡΪУԸεĸ㣬ˣԸҲԸ޸
һϯֱ޲طȥ
ȷ
Ļ˵ûģȻȣĻԼں
Ƽҵʵ֧ŵĻƼҪmˡ
Ǳȫĺ£Ȿһ漣ˡ
mľŵ££
صźĻҲŭһôĵӡĻԼǹն֪ĺ
岻Ѿ˵𣿸״˺˵ı壬޻˵
ӹһ˿֮ɫҲΪm¹͵ġ
Ǻά֣mԲôľ
Ǹױɣôôɵص鼱֮Ҳŭ
Ը⣡˵ױ֮Щα֮˺ù򱶲ֹ
û̸ˣƲʵ
峤ȰòҪ֣ĻڿԱ֤Ƽûκεĺ³
״˻һƼܲĹ㳡ѻȸ
ĵʲô




3655  
 

Ƽܲ
㳡ƺţƼռƣټôİ֣
ǰһﲻǶڵһԻ͹ŵСѡ
ǵ꽣ڵʱҲô¡
ƼҲδ⽣ڷУοأ
û뵽ǣôһį֮ʣǾȻܵĴ֮һƼҵң
ˣ
׵ķˣ
һ̣ǾһǸͷβķӡ
ĪǷ˰ɣΪ˸ŮˣȻƼ˵ķ
ѲʲôֲɣƼҵĵ̰
˰ɣ֣ʲôְǿƼĶЩʲôˣ
ǰĴ⣬mĴ⣬ָƼҳΪ׼ңǾÿ𣿡
һʱ䣡
ƼܲĹ㳡֮γһЦ֮·ڳЦ׵Ĳ
Ҫ˵ЩʲôҲ֪˵Щʲô
һ̣ľΪԼܹΪеˡ
ҸЩʱôļ򵥡
Լû뵽ԼҸ˵ͻȻ˵ļ
֮ǰ䳰ȷġ
ˣЩʱǺ׽Ūˣɺһ㶼ڡ
ԼԼӣһ첻һ첻
ο
ͨ飬ǿů̬
ԼĸףȻΪҲԼŮ
ʲôúоĺأ
ѲmѾûƼҾͱĵزԶԶûУ
Ǻذֲøղ˵ǼУΪҪ㣬Ҫ𣿡
Ȼ˿׵ĻҲǿЦ
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ص屻ҲǻԼֶŮԸ˽
֮ǰź˵ôúĺĻ
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صԭĴ㲢˵ģֻڽҲûκεˡ
ĳ֣ԭĺصһӱñ
ȻĻ˶Ĭ
Ȼ˵˵ˣ㻹ᲢۡˣҲֻһ𣡡
Ϊҵʲôˣһ㡢ʵһ㡢ͷԼ򵥵ˣ
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أ
ԼԸˣҲ׵
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Цһ㻹ĺʵһƿȡҲҵ˵֮ǰ㵱˵ĻǲΪ˱ƹΪ˶ɵӣ
㡭㡭˵ʲô
ȻڴƣһҲ쵽˲Ӹ
˵ʲôûô¼仹λҪŮ˵ڳϸһ˴ֱ޳ܵûˡ
ôĵӣƼң
Ʋ׺˿һԣҲЩŭѣȻ׺ͺûκεĻӡ
˵ƼңΪƼҵһǿߣƲ׺κվˣ
˵˵ˣ
ȻˮŤķǰ۸ңҪ
˿ûطʱȻĻҲǺɶֱӿһ˵ĺ˲˳ߣҪڰǹˣ
ص峤mɲģ
ƲһҲһԵŭӲ˵𣿱Իᴦ飬Ƕ˵һȥ
ǣ״ˣ
ŭѣĲԼĸףСѾ˳ϰˡ
ٸһλᣬ־ܻ
ƲѾڿԼĶӣоԼؿڵһʵʣ
׵˵Ȼ峤һεʱڣǱҲֻش峤һΣҪôÿһ·ñȥҪôѪȾƼң
ã
׻Ʋ˸ԷļǲûشĴ𰸣
Ʋ۾һúúã嵹Ҫʲộڣ
һ˲䣡
Ƽҵܲ㳡ɱ¾ϢЩΧ֮Ѿʶĳźȴ
ֻһ˵Ŀⶼ׵ϣҲҪŰ




3656   ֮
 


׵Χһɢɱ
Ȼ׵ģҲЩ֮Աǡ
Ƽôŵˣûмк³ˡ
ҵһ֮
Ϊ׵ʲô̵ʱ򣬼ɿ񱩵ϢѾǳƼܲ
Զɽ١ԼԶмλĳǿ˲˵ĸǰ
㣬Զɽ
Ʋһ㶣漴¶һ˿мЦݣ
Ϊ׵ʲộû뵽ǰ⼸ǿ߶ѡ
ǿʵȻܲҪĴm˵ǰ̧ͷǼǲܵġ
һԵĺصɫҲǽЦһߣ峤mѾǸƼҹȥˣ
Զɽǹü
ƲԶɽҲŭһ
Զɽһ峤飬Ƕ֣ǱҴΪУ
ЦһССĽѲɻܴ޲ɣֱǴԲѣ
Ʋһ̤羳ǿߵη
īҲǲм˵֮Ҫ췴˵ǻЩ̿
ҴεػߣΪβܴҴޣѲıλĺؼҾܴҴ𣿡
ԶɽѾ˿׼ˡ
ʱ˵ҲûôĹ˼ɣοҪ˵ģ
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ο
׻֪Զɽ˵Լػݵԭ
Ȼ֪ԶɽҪ˻ΪԼȡ֧ߡ
ҲԶɽЩ嶯ˣϾʱڱ˿ǵҹѵһ档
˾֮£̸ʲô֧벻֧֣
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Ƽҵ飬Ź˶þͻᴫޣĸm
ػߣ汻ؼն꣬ػߣԷģ
Ʋ˵ĻҲ
ȻԶɽʱΪƣûκε塣
׵˵峤Щ鲻ΪܾͲܵġڵȷնػߣ
նǱ㣬Ҳ²а
ƲʵЩмΪǲܵġ
Ǿ˶෽ȷϵ顣
Ļţһػ߻пܡ
أ
涼ѾĲˣmҲѾǳ׵ı
mµͳһ㣬ػߵͲܡ
ôǱھؼҵˣʺˣ
׿ƲҲ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ãˡƲš
һԵĺصٺһЦնɱ棬ĳڳģκδĿԡ
ôǲªŶѣòܵȥˣѲЩ¾Ĳôܴ磿
ᣬźصҲǺ޾ɫ
صдһ˿âãҪʲôط϶
Ʋ˵Ҳţ
ص壬ô겻㻹ôŰ
ںصƲǱһŵʱһϤ뵽ǵĶУ
˶׷Ѱߵķ˹ȥ
˿̣
ӰҲǻĳ˵ĸǰ
صһεĿʱǵɫ׵ıˣ
㡭û
ص忴棬ҲǴһ˿ʵ
ôȥˣû뵽ϼһﾹȻĳԼĸǰ
һʱ䣡
ص˵Щ
־ҲԸ⿴ģһƼңȻĴڣ
Ʋ˿Ҳ𾪵˵ˣʿˮ棬㾹Ȼţ
浭˵᱾ΪͱΨһڷʽôȻؼ֮ǰȷ˲ᣬҪǻûʸ񣡣
Σ׵ƼңƼѿ챾Ҫػ߳ΪԶĹȥʽ
ԭΪƲһ̿϶ǻЭġ
ȴû뵽ƲǵûЭȻӭȥ
̼
һΧ۵˲õһϢǸڴǿǿԻĳ֡
һΣ
뿪Ƽ֮󣬿еţԴˡ




3657  ˺Ƥ
 

˿̣
Ƽһ׶Щֵ˵ԽԽã
ֻû뵽⽣Ƽ峤δ˧ûнӭһӾϢ
ػߣ
û뵽ǣ׾Ȼһεıػߡ
ô֮˸оǣͼδȥ
һַʽ
һ뵽ߣµ˶׾Ȼ˲ٵĺøС
Ͼ
ûһûеĻǳڴ޵ˣϢ֮ҲǼѡ
ֻ￴ֵ˵ϢΣ
ܸƼҰ󣿻ǿԸmȥ
Ȼ
ڳеһЩ֧֮⣬Ѿûκεˣ
ĿԴƼӳĻδŲ
ǸҶ
ڳվļˣû˸Ķ׵δ
ƲmΣ
濴ƲҲʵ
Ʋɫһ䣬˵Σ
Ĵǵmλ֣ΪľǴ޷ʱöʲأڸʲôۣͬ
ɱ˰ĿĶƲһֺɸֵĸо
ƲЦһ棬㻹ǻ°Ĵܹչ죬ȫƾŬҪĴm˹ȥǿɲɵӣȻΪȨƷ
ãˣǱնػߣĪǶն֮˶Ҫɱô
濴ƲǸֳһĨЦݡ
ƲһЦݻд̸֤ˡƲ֪һ飬ǾδޱˣΣҪƼһ
ʲôĪҪɱɣ
沽ƵʵʵȻƲȴ֮ƲҪǿ᲻֪ٱ
صһЦᣬΪ㻹ǵǸŴ޵ôҸ㣬Ȼһûɱ㣬һα÷
棬Ѿû̸ȥıҪˣ
׿棬˵
ڰֵףƼǴ޼ǿ֮һܹΪõĻʱ㻹ġ
Ϊãᰡᣬ㻹쿪ƼбҪΪһΪô
ƲЦû뵽涼ʱˣԼΡ
Ʋڸᡣ
ɫҲǽȥΪĿơ
᣿ƼҪǸôȻô겻ˣӦһԿǷһ
Ʋ棬һԼƵĿʵ
ʲô
濴ƲѹԼĻʵ
һԵ֮Ѿǲɱ⣬ƼһǶԼɱˣ
Ʋһ׵ֵĸµǸ⽫ɣԱ֤׿߳Ƽҵܲ
峤򲻿ɡ
صЩˣʱǷȥǲǷŻɽ
ɲ鷢Լϣʱҩûеĳ԰
Ʋ֪˵ʲôɵ
ƲٺһЦôƼѿССĽѵӦûҪİɣ
ʵϣ
ƲѾܻͷˣοڼеҪ顣
ػߵĻԺл
һţû˿ľûˡ
ƲΨһİ취ԼʵǿеĽһ
ôҲû뵽ҲΪԼ벻Ƽ˾޴Ļ
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ô˵㲻ӦˣƲԼĺʵ
Ѿŭ˱ڣ
ŭ㣿ܺ°ƲһεķЦһԵĺصҲǸЦһĪɵ˰ɣ
Ʋֱ治ػ߷ǵأҪҴػߣǿ벻̣
Χ׺Զɽ֮ʣһ
ȵ˿ӰʱѾһãȻˣ
ƲҲǽüͷȻû뵽˻˵̬վ˳!
죡
ħս죬Ȼ˸̬ķʽ֧ף
һĪǷô
Ѳƶ




3658  
 

ˣ
Ƽܲһӱ쳣Ĺ죡
ͻȻվƲҲ⧲
쵽׺«ʲôҩ
ȻʱԸǣ
ƲЦһ죬ħףŰħһѣû뵽ǾȻ˵Ĳʶô
Ʋʲô飿mһħһ˽֪Ƽmһ
쿴ƲǷһ˿Ĳм
һԵĺص¶һ˿Ц죬㻹
ôҴͳػߣǲһȺѡҴѾȺǻţѲǺؼҪǴޱɱ˿еζǲŸ𣿡
η壬һ̤ƼܲҲȻһ
ص屻˵İҲǸʮֵơ
ȷ
˵mѾǵ˱ıԵ
ν⻼
ѾǶԴ޲ֹһεͷųˣ˷mΪżƼ
һΪĴĳһʵҲΪ˾ܹһͳޡ
һڲŽʱҲҪ
Ͼ˵һǧ˰ٵ飬ûһ޸ô
ô˵ĻʱҲΪ˱˿еζ
ֻʧһɵȡ޵ĻôźܶҲԸôɵġ
Ϊʲô
ΪЩʧȫڴֲȥܹڶʱǿǵʵ
صػߣһ֮˾ܹģ
浭˵ļٲˣǼٵ治ˣ
λıѾǲʵ˷ννȻ˴Բѵ˵ȻǱmĵˡλҪmΪУɷ
صɨһȦˣ˵翴Ļʵ
νػߣֻ֮ǰʱڲܹá
£˭ӵиǿʵ˭ߡ
˽֪ػߣǱӵ֮ˡ
ֻǰܹĳΪmˡ
Ļһж̸ġ
ҲΪˣص˵˵һ
ֻҪӲ㶺ˣӦòôɵȱĸһ֮ͽ
죿
һħһȻЩ֣ںص忴Ƶĺĵط
ڼĴĻǸ׵ĺܡ
ƲҲǵ˵ͬظĻЩ˵ʵţƾЩ˵һ֮ʾҪΪҴ޵ˣΣ
ЦһƲ㲻ҪǵС˼ڱ˵ϡ˭֪Ƽҵôģ֮ǰٰģΪ˼ҵĻ飿ڿ˼ҲˣҪˣ
ߣƼңԭǸ
Ʋ죬ϳֳһĨɱ⣡
һԵī˵峤˵ԭǸôˣǽǲǸأ
⵹ǲ
ƲɱŨ֪ƼҾʱˡ
֮վ˳ƼҲòѡ
mѾǸƼҵӣԸȹ֮ŮȫƼҵ
ƲԼڼֵĻǾЩ˵ȥˡ
״˿һȻ·ɮ붨һ㣡
ʱ
˫΢΢Ʋ˵˵һǸ˻ᣬԼյסղסǾͿԼıˡ
ƿСǲ֪ߵغ񡣽ȻƼңǱƼҺˣ
Ʋһֱľǻ顣
ûɣҲҪһɽ׸µġ
Ѿ˵ĳ㣬Ŵ뿪أ
ػߣ
˵Ļǻ̸ʲôʲôػ߲ػأ
ѾĵҪΪУ˵ٶҲǷϻˡսɳҲҵȵҫˣ
ԶɽվڲԶףҲǹ
ȻǾͲҪֱ²ˡ
ƲԶɽˣҲЦһ
΢˫ۿƲ˵ƾǣҪסڿ²̫ܡλƺǿֵʱ˰ɣ
Ʋ׵ĻҲסˣ
ܿ죬ǷָûʲôصЦ˼ߣҲһϲզˣǺЦĺܣ
ƲԭлЩĻţϾôţʲôԭأ
ɿûκεĶҲЩЦ
˼ҹ֮μػߴˡ
ܼμػߴˡ
Ҳμػߴˡ
Ʋ׼˵Щʲôʱ򣬲Զͬʱ




3659  εƲ
 

˵һ
Ʋ˿̸оԼͷƤһķ飡
⵽ʲô
Ĵһֱ֦ͬҲƲ̡
û뵽ǣȻĴѾͶף
ôܣ
һӵػߵݣҲô̵ʱھܹôǿͶɣ
ۣʵ̫һɣֲôеأ
ǰĴȻͶҪңҲ
ֹħټ壬ҵιԹԣ
һºÿ˰ֻƼҵĵ̰
һ˷ˣǵ׺εºܹڽһ濴ذĺϷ
⼸Եͬ߼ĶԿ˰
׿˿ˣֻƼҪ֮λΪΣ
Ѫսף֮ܣ
֮ŶƲǷƵ˵
ǿߵĿⴥһ˲һ˿Ļ𻨡
һԵҲǵ˵ػߴ˵УҵȻӵ֮
ҲһԵ峤죬嵹ҪʶʶƼǲ紫֮е
㡭ǡ
ƲоԼǰһڣͻһĻʵЩܲ˵ĸо
һԵĺصҲǱľŪЩ߻صģĻһԱڵī
˿̣
˾Ǳ׵һ㣬վǱ߸оЩ˵ˡ
λ峤ĪǷ𣿡
īǰλΪǵһˡ
忴ǷˣīΪŰΪܷΪ١ػߴ˹λȻҪַõúܣ
ֱ˵Ŀīһ̷Ļ
īǽһʵνػ˵е
Ϊ˭֪ζʲô
ԭҪҲ͹ȥˣ컹峤档
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īĿһ˵ͳͳ𣿡
Ѳؼ֮ͳ˭֪ʲôֻǵѹҷˡ֮ҲЦһ
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㡭ǵҪʲôʲôʱֵĹһˣ
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ɻһս֮ʧҲǲСġ
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ͶǺص
ҪսҲȻġ
ֻս֮󣬿µʱƹȾ˷ˡ
ƲЩסԼĭȻʱľпܾƼҵδ
֣֮mΪʲô³mһϲñ˶ֶεĵطѣ
Ϊնɱ˾ŵ£ԺƼһܺõĴmĹǸرˣ
ƲҲ΢΢ҡͷ
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˿̣
صһԵīʹһɫī΢΢ͷҲǿŮ
Ʋʱע⵽Щϸڣڱż尾
սǺͣ
Ʋò⣬ͬʱ֧ףоһֱĸо
ָоǷǳĲãĻһ⡣
ǾԼӵδޣԼѾǵҪл
Ƽҹ˳ףĸطأ
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㡭ӣ˵ķ𣿡
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ĿԼӣһںް
ԭԼôĶӴʱȥôôɵȱأ
ŭֵģΪ㹴ҾͿΪΪڼһҲǶʮˡ˭Ҫ߳ȥ
صһҲ¶һ˿ЦݵmƹȵΧ߱ǿʱҸղűҲѾ̽ˣԲǧ֮ûκεķ峤ʱѡˡ




3660  ˶۸٣
 

Ƽܲ㳡룡
ԭ۽ϵĿ˲תͶƲϡ
Ҫ֪һѡѾԸıڲˡ
˿̣
ʼû˵ƲʲôľѾӦ֮ߡ
ףƲѡΪУ㵱Σ
׵ԣ֮Ҳǳ˵֮ɫ
Цһͳ㻹ģ
Щ˵˵ʵҵľϲѾǹˡֻΪʵЩֵá
ΪֵǱֵãοҵŻֲָָ㣡
װúһε
һǿƵŮˣ׵ߣоԼΪС˵ˡ
Ҫ֪֮ǰǾøܵ顣
Ҫ֪ˣߴĻȣƲ˿mԼڵļλ򣬵ʱȺ֮Ļǿ¡
ĵǲ޵ʵǺ֮˾û
δǩѪĻôǿ
ЦһҴûаյ̣
ô˵㻹к֣ɡôأ
Щ㤵ĿףоһĵôôĶࣿ
㲻Цһʵ
ǲţǸоЩ˼飬ĪΪô
ףҲ֮ǰӵȾġ
ݸһЦ˵㲻֪ƲӦѡˣʱһѪսѾˣ
˼ƲѡΪУʵ
˿̣
ƲĿ֮дһ˿ԥ֮ɫһԵĺصĶ
һƲκβõѡ񣬺صµһʱѡľǶˡ
λãȻ׵ĽԼƹȵġ
صһʮϧ֮ˣƹȣҲǴżٻǰ
ΪľǷʲôͲ⣬û뵽Ȼľͷ˵⡣
ŵĿ¾Ҫصˣ
Ʋѡ񣬻ֱӰ쵽ܲأ
ĺܳϣ
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峤ѡΪźȴҲ֮С
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΢΢ҡͷ峤ѾǿƼҵĻҪΧҵʲôأ
һԵīҲվ峤ǽŻɽʱºڵľˣ
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Ʋº֪һѡԺûлͷ·ˡ
Ψһİ취Ǿǽδɱҡ֮У
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ֻϧǣƲ뷨ǷǳĲܲʵ־һˡ
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Բѣ
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ҵȼҲҪ뿪
ɫأƿȥʮֵĲ
һԵԶɽ˵ɫ࣬ٺͷˣ֪׻һŵƵġ
֮ǰǵĵǣȫΪĴĸ̫ˡ
Ĵλ峤ѾǳΪˣǽƼұȻѪȾһƬˡ
뿪ƼҵĴ˵ƾƵģοʮˣҲҪƼ뿪Ʋһ
ƲҶҶ֣ʵ
ʱ򣬲һĪǵӳȥ֮󻹻ŹƼҲɣɣţɱǣ
Ʋ۾һ˿ɺ֮ɫʱѾڹˡ
ǣ˶۸ôȻĻǾͱȱ˭˶ˣ
׿ƲǺ޹˼ɵɱ¾֮ɫҲ֪һսѾˣ
׵һ£
һ£
ԭѾΪƼҹ㳡һһӿֳǿߣ
㳡һ˼ž֮С




3661  ǿߵĻս
 

𺳵ĳ棡
Ʋһ̣׵ͬʱ´ˣ
һΣ״˵Īǧλ𾳵ǿߡ
ɢƹҲΪ֮һ
ֲϢɢƼܲĹ㳡롣
mɳ˽ǧλǿߣΪľmƼ֮Ѫս
˵ʵ
һ̣mѾǵȴ˺ܾˡ
ô꣬ǶǱm֮׷ɱΣأ
еܹվսʿһһսˡ
˿̣
mΪ֮˺Ȼǵĳҵ峤̣
һεĳ˵Уúص塢ƲīĿɿڴ
һеĲƺһ̱Ϊ˿ܡ
⡭˵Ǵðİװ
ҵ谡һΪ⽣Ǹͷأû뵽Ȼ˵ĺ֡
һӿƼҪ갡ԭ˲仯Ϊа
һδƹȳȥ֮󣬿е˵
һ˱һĻ𺳵ͬʱҲǼѣ
ԭΪʲôʵĳ棬û뵽Ǳ֮ĻҪ̫̫ˡ
һĻһĻ
ȫȫǳ˵֮Ⱑ
λػ״ǵԸˡ

ûڻῴǰλƳ嶯ʵˡ
׵һ࣡
ҲĿɿڴĿǰһУǸоԼҪϢˡ
⡭ⲻ峤ǵǴʲôطİ
һĭ֮Ҳ۾ɵϴʵ
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ߣѾǸƲεĻˣȻҪĻǾƼҺˣ
֮ӹһ˿ĺҪ֪ƲҪһ򾡵ģ
ڿ˵ݳ֣ȫһطɱ
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⣡
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ȥĻƼҼܹҲ׸ˣ
ƲߣȥЩΨΨŵŵ֪ԼһΪȻŮ˸Ƽ£
ԭΪɱδ֣ȡ֮ƼҵĸֲϵƼܲϿ֮У
ɽݺᣡ
Ű
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ݣ
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ôȥƲҪɹ˾˰
˵һǧ˰٣ô򵥵ĵӦöİɣƲЩˡ
׸ֶбۿŶƲƼҪɱڣ񿴵ԼЩʧҪ֣ͣ¼ĺ£
ҪȻǿ«浽ʲôҩɣԶɽʵһױᡣ
˵ʵ
׵ʵҲôģϾЩǿ߿ɶǴ޵ǿ߰
ҪĿڴ޵ĻĿˣ
ʱ׷Ȼǲܵġ
ԶɽôʵҲǸ˫һ̨ˡ
׵˵ڵҪ峤ʲôĸ߼
Ʋ˿Щҧ֪ɸҽܱսһսǬ




3662  һսǬ
 

һսǬ
׵һ˿ЦӮҪ򣿴ӮҪһսӮ
Ѳϵĺ¶ƼҸŪȥˣ
ƼҵʵȷҲʮֵǿһײòϡ
ֻ׿һƼһʲô̫˻
Ϊ֮ƣҪǴݻٶֵ
ȻƲҪսý˻ᣬնɱǰ⼸ˣһʱǾͿס
ƼֲƲһ˵ƼҲ
һսǬ
üƲʵ
ƲݺݵĵͷǱˣԺƼĽơ
Ӯأɱ˱ôЦһ
ȻһսǬǱ֮սνˣǱɱʡ
Ʋ׵ĻҲǶԴ
һԵĺص峤ѾǼϲòֺαظͷԵĶ
īҲǵͷѾɱˣʱľǱǰ˿ЦǽҵսƹȣʱmҲҵȱģ
صӲ˵һ峤ɷģֻҪƼҼסʱmȻؽƼң
ؽƼѾ˹٣ôȥĻƼһʲô
ƲźصĻƼʵ˵Ļ
Ƽûʵأ
ʱ򻹲׸
ΨһصıʵٴûʵԺҲء
֮УӾٲʤ٣
ƲΪƼҵһ峤֪ܲʵ
ټѾͶףʱƴȫøƼ³ǲԼһȫƼˡ
Ʋʵһʼħ֮˽Ƽҵʱһֲõĸо
񿴵ǿߣ֪һǶĴˣ
Ʋһˣ˵ĻҲܽƼҾӪ˵
Щʱ򣬼ΪƼߵ쵼ߣҲҪľ
׿Ʋ˵m壬һ峤ĵʮֵ
ֵģʲô˼ѲƼҵǱȥܷŹ𣿡
ص鼱֮£Ҳŭһ
׵˵һ֮ٲ峤Ӧǿᵽ˰ɣֻ˵һ䣬Ƽ峤Ķӱ֮ˣھݡ
峤˰ɣӱǾĺ󰡡ڻôô
ص׵ĻҲ¶һ˿΢Ц
Ʋξ壿ܹȫƼҸĳкη
״ˣǸʲôʤģͶˣǱ
һƲĻҲǳ׵ˣ
Լĸ׾ȻҪԼȥȡƼͶף
ⲻǷ
īҲɫһ峤ʲô˼
Ʋ˵˵ˣǸղŵ˼ֻ֪ɷӦս
ƲҪ
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죬˵ʲô飿
Ʋɫһ䣬Ҳ
Ц˼ҪսսҪͱͣΪ˭οᣬʵҲδﵽ羳㾹ȻҲ˼̴ҲǶ찡
һսǬƲôҲҪ˳Цģ
ƲҲǻ׵ĸǰ
Ʋһ죬ʵҲҪ̼һףʱĿĻǾĽˣ
صһ㶣Ǹղž飬ȴıʡ
ƲҪ״ɺͽ
˵ĻǲŻȻƲĿĵİ
֮ǰһȽ׿ǸƲһĸ֣
СѹҲƲĶ֡
Ҫ֪
Ʋǿǰ羳ĳǿ߰
ȺףȻʵǷοǱ֮飬ǵӻδ˵ʲôʸ廰
ƲŭһҪ¡
Цһ峤ˣλǰЭףҵֵƣҪ˵˵
˵⻰˼ǲӦսˣ
Ʋ˵ĻҲƲѡ
һﻹһĵĸ̶ְ仰ֱӾͽԼһεľء
صҲ˹峤ʵɸһսʱ֪ĸ̥ء
īҲǻȻ峤ֵĳզܸʲô治֪ЩѾõĳ־Ȼһµʲô˼أ
ī
īģҲŭһ
סһԵ죬˵Ƽ֮±ڴ飬ص塢īڻĲ֪ǵڣ
㣿㻹䣡ī˵
īɸ뱾һս
׵һתĿֱһԲ廰ī
ֻ˭Ҳ֪ʵĵһĿī
ҪɱӺ
һʱ䣬ƼܲĹ㳡ҲһƬž֮֮˾ȻԼսˣ




3663  Ŀ
 

ī
ԼҲû뵽׾ȻĿϡ
˵Ϊ֮ӦǺص壬ξƲ²ī
¶Ҫīǰɣ
ƫƫͶīʵ޷⡣
ѲɾΪī˵
Ҫ˵ĻصĻ֮īҪٱ
˿̣
īҲһȻĿŶף纮˪һ˿ʮֵˣ
ƣ
īǳһΪ
Ϊ򳬼űڵī羳ǿߵ޶˵Ĵڡ
ɾڽ죬һëûгȫСӣȻȻԼ
ɶǣȻĸҸԼ
īЦһֵģȷ뱾ս
򲻿ɡ
վ׵ԣ׵ĻһҲˡ
׻̫ᰡȻܲסȵļ
û뵽ǣһλȥī
īĻһ嶯ʹӦˡ
ĴӦˣҪĻǿǶ˶ˡ
Ժ׵ķչҲаٺһ顣
ԱߣҲվ׵ĸǰ򲻿ɴ⣬īҲܹ˵óڣҪսĳԸ֮һ
ҲԸīһս
ףҲǹ
һԵĹ֮˵ͬĻ֪׵ʵҪսʤī޿ܣ
ӵл֮壬أ
ʵܹ֧İ羳ǿһս
ص忴Ŷ˵ģҲǼЦһɱֵġ
īҲǵһЦûʵҲҪѧװ棬ʧ֮
ǣ˵һڱҪʵû
׸˵Ȱ裬Цһʵ
˿׵ģǾͲҪˡ
ֻǱ׵һɨҲĬվһԡ
Ϊ˵ȥҲûκεˣ
ȻǶײʮֵ˽⣬ɴǼᶨ֮ѾǿԿóľˡ
˾ֻҪһ˿һΣգǶҪ֣
˿̣
һߵƲҲסˣҪ׼˵ѾǱһԵƲ׺һԣ
峤ˣвɳ嶯
Ʋ׺羳ǿߵʵҪ͵ҲûʲôԵġ
׺˼īϣ
ƲƲ׺Ҳüʵ
Ʋ׺Ƽ֮磬ΪƼǿʵǸƴһĻԺ󻹻𣿡
ǲ׺Ӧ֪ҪƼңΨնɱˣƲɫһ
Ʋ׺΢΢ҡͷ峤ˣҲǽʵնɱīԺƼΨհˣ
ÿô
ƲƲ׺Ҳһ˿Ĳмʵ
Ʋ׺ҡͷ˵ʵҾûκοԡɲ׺һֱҾпܻӮ
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ƲƲ׺ȺҲЩյʵ
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⡭
Ʋüͷ˳˼֮У
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īȴһ߿Ŀףһ˿ѪĿȻ˼Ǳòأ
ã˵ȸ£е;ߣɱ⣡
һֱӴ͸ƼҵϿգ
һս
˽֪ŤתսֵսĽվܾˣ
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˵ģƼһ羳ǿߵĻʵ½Ͳһǰˣ
ղƼλ羳ǿߣϺصīöԵߵλ羳ǿߡ
սʤī߾൱λ羳ǿߣֻʣλˣ
ʿʵǶҪ·磡
ƲνһսǬʵ˵ҲûκεĴġ
ΪƲսīսʵͨġ
ֻǶҪնɱף׸
˿̿ףѾ֪ľǲĵġ
Ȼ̫ĵǣȴԸܹ
ֻΪ׵Ůˣеĵôܹٵأ
ƼϿգ
īѾ׼ֶڿУһַ緶
˿̵Ŀף·ǿһ㣡
֮ڣҪ
īĿ׵ϣĻ˸оޱȣ
ֻһ̣
׵Ѿʧԭأ
һսѾǿʼˡ




3664  ǿߵһ
 

ĪǷī޴ﰡ
ǰǰ羳ǿߣ˿²һϰ
Ȼػ߾ǲһ
ıնɱĻǿҪ䶯ˡ
һȺ˿ʼߴߴ

׵Ѿ˿ʼĹעˡ
ػߣһݣ˶Ŀ࿴ˡ
˼ôĸߣǸͲҪ˵ġ
ޣѾγ˫۶ľˣ
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ѾǶĴˣ
ˣǼ˵ڲ֮ص֡
䣡
޴ĺը죡
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īһ˿Цݣ׵˵ƾҲһսȥɣ
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׸оڵһĻң羳ǿߵȷ֮ǰս𾳺ڵǿ߲һ
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ףСġ
˿ҲƲסԼ̲סŭһ
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ܣܵ𣿡
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ԭΪ׵ʵչֳ֮֮ҲЩľ
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ֻǾīѿڶ˵ܲ˵һ̣׾ȻʧһƬռ֮У
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޴ӡӡ˵֮ϣ˲䣬һָӣ
Ǿӡӷ·ڸˣŭ羳ǿߵ³
ֲϢӣȴһεĳ˿У
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īɴ۾ŶףԼ۾
һﵽôӵģǱ

ĴһϻǴһ˿֮ɫ
ղܹ֮ùȥҲΪ֮жһػֱ֮ī֮һ䣡
ҲΪǸ䣬׵õһϢĻᡣ
Ļīǿʶ֮£׸ûлġ
Ҳ׼īķԼҲ׼ñԴʯֵ
Ҫ֪ⱾԴʯһֱδãΪǺµĶ
񣬶սīȰ羳ǿߣŲõĻľɵˣ
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ҰһԼͣҲǴһ˿˷ܵĹâŶī
ֻһεĶȴƼܲĹ㳡ˣ
Ʋߣ
صҲһ𾪵Ŀ֮ĿԵˣɫһһȻܹùīı亮Ȫƣ
亮ȪǱڵɱ֮һ֮ҵҲǼʶġȻ˵ⲢǿѧҲǿɱ֮һ˰
Ʋ׺һҲǳȻҲû뵽֮ǰƱ꾹Ȼô
ԭֻΪһǸͷ࣬Լʱǿˡ
ƲüҪսֻ˵˵ѣ
ߣֻǶȥһѣ峤ֺαس־Լأ
صжƲѾЩˡ
ڿƲһֱ˵ɥĻʱʱİ˵ҲЩһ˵
ظ˵ʲôʲôʱ˵ˣ岻˵һʵѡ
Ʋźص壬Ҳֱӻ
ҪΪmһô飿
˵Լпܸ͹˳ˡ
ҪĻҲûʲôˣ
һ뵽Ѿ˰mˡħʱоʮֵƣ
Ʋδ뵽ʵлһٿԳƵ֮˻δ
ڤ壬
˴ʼնûвκε飬׼㽻
˭֪״һʼʱ򣬾Ѿйһνأ
Ǹʱ׵׸ôͨģҲֻ֪
򲻵ѣ׾Բ׵ĽƱ¶ģ
ڿױ¶̫ĵƣ˭֪ʵƵģ
˿̾ôף֮е֮ɫѾЩľˣ
û뵽ԼķһСӣѾ˵ĳɾͣ
˵ڤһĽࡣ
˷ǰƼңҲΪƼŲٵڿףȴĿתƵ׵ϡ
Ҫ׵ǲͻī




3665  
 

Ƽĳ
վżߣ˿̵µĹĦһ֮ս
һλЩʵ峤ˣ˷ǰΪƼұΪεһֱ
ϣ飬ƼҵıﻹǱ𣿡
ͷ˿ԼߵλϣҲǴһ˿Цʵ
峤Īǿǻ飿ȷǺöֻϧһö
ϵϣ˴˷ǰƼҡ
ǻȤҲǴ˻ϻӣ
Ȼ仰һתΪλػΣ
峤ȷ˱Ǵ޵ػ𣿡Ͼ㵵ʵ
Цһ汾廹ǼεģȻǴġ
ڤһ򲻲˰οڤҲķѣmաҪѡ֧ĳһλm֮ĻҲѡ֧δɵСӰɣ
ϿҲЩƵʵ
ڤ
Ǹ󳬼ۼ֮أҲΪֲĵ֮һ
ֻЩһǹ°ϰˣҲûܹԿľ
ҲԸ˰ڲǺܶҲΪmݵĺ
Цһսô꣬ڤƷƽ˾ʵӿԭǴһΪ˻ĶԴ𣿡
峤ˣȻһдޣҪ֮mࡣο峤Ҫִ֧޵ĻΪβ֧أ
ϿҲһʵ
΢΢ҡͷ֮ǰĴ޸֧֣ȵؼ֮һȻЩȴѾûа취תǬˡ
峤ˣľˣɾ˰ϳ
ҲǵҪȾָͰ׻ȸȼǼ˵ţڶ壬ǵ̫һЩ
ڤ岻°壬Ҵ޳ļҲռʮ֮һǴûˣΪҵǰ̧ͷ𣿡
ɫһ˵Լ
Щ꣡
ӹ࣬Ȼڤĸίߡ
֪ݵĸҪͼ̲ޣ
޻ڣЩ˻ܹԼһЩǴûأ
½ڤĸҲҪһı仯ˣ
Щ꣬ڤоʵ̫ˡ
ƺѾû˵Ǻ׳־
˷Ƽ룬ʵҪƼҺmܲʲô𻨳
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Ӱ˼Σ
Ϊ峤ȻҪΪȺ顣
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֮ǰ˵˵һν֮ԼȻֻǶݵĽ䣬ȴȼһ˿ϣ
Ϊֻ˵һ䣬ֹһö
ҲΪˣʼնδ뵽С
Ȼˣ
Ĳ룬ҲϰΪˡ
ΪڤЩһǲڲ顣
һԿ֣ҲǾȻҲû˸ҹʲôû˸ǵǰָֻš
˭ҲЩڤޣҪ֪ǵıʵ̫ˣ
ڤƲܣҲ￴峤ǽѹ˵ϣǲ̫һЩ
ֱɵ
Ҳǵͷǰ羳ǿҲż˶ѣʧˣǱٲĵز
ƺδﵽ羳ɣһʵ
಻ţ峤ʧˣЩࡣ
΢΢һЦа취ٶŪ羳ǿߵĻ֧𣿡
峤˵Цˣ˵ŪüܶŪһҲǲһİҵȵȻ֧˰
һĻҲ̵
羳ǿߣ
ҲָôлĻֵ֧ġ
̸װ
Ϊ羳ǿߣЩ㵵ʵ峤Ī˵ľ֡
ԺǾ֪ˣСΪԵǻȿСλīİɡ
һƺĴҲĿ֮һĨ⣡
ֻһԵĶϺЩ֮Աǣ
ǾԼ峤˵Щ̫ˣ
֮һ׼ֵˣƺֶ֮ǰôˡ




3666  ˵ķ
 

˿̣
ƼҵϿ
īĿԣ˵֮лĽ
īЦһߣùһϣ㻹ܹùʮ壡
ǣһ羳ǿ߶ս֮ˣǲŽжˣ
׿īҲǼЦһ
񡭡ڣ
īһ㶣ʵҲЩ׵ʵ׼Σ
ΪԼϢķʵ̫̫ˡ
˵ԼʵʱҲǲɵõһ
ڣ
˵ʵ͸羳ǿһս
սʤ֮ĻǾһˡ
ҲȻղˣǱҲҪڵֶΣ
׵΢У֪ʱҪԼɱˣ
ߣΪ㻹л𣿡
īһƳһεĶ
亮Ȫƣ
īûκεԥ֮һγ纮˪ľӡ
䣡
ǵӡֱӲ׵ϣ˾һ亹
һ̣
һεĿ׵ʱȴȻ˿վǱߣ
ֻǵ˶һ֮ʱȴ׵ϿѾǶһʯ
Դʯ
ûκεıֱӼ˱Դʯ
Ҫ֪ⱾԴʯĻ֮ҪƷǾǲܵģ
׻δⱾԴʯʲôãһķʮֵĲ
˿ıԴʯֱӵֵסīı亮ȪƵʱīӶϵˣ
գ֮䣡
֮Ѿ֮ܲ£ŵıǿֲĽ
׵ָ죬˲ĸǰγһУ
ԭվķm˵Ҳϥ˸оһĹ죡
ڸʲô
Ʋ׺˿̿˹ĳҲЩֵʵ
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Ʋ׺ЩֱˣоԼܶڽ춼׸߸ˡ
صЦһǴѣ
ƲźصЩˣҪΪĻƼҲm
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Ʋüס˵Ļ
صһһҲЩǡ

ֻܹеϣīˣֻҪīնɱףһоͶˣ
Ǻ֮ʣ
ϵȻ˱仯ϵľۼīѾǸоΣ
׵ģҲһĸ̲ѣ
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ղֻʮ֮һһ˽ʮ
оϵԼƽˣ
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īһθоһ˿Σ
ڵʵԲƿԼķġ
ɿʱīҲǾԲģ
Ļ
ʱĭӶܹˡ
һ羳ǿ߾ȻһڵСӸŵӴܣīܶˣ
ȻҲǿһ㣬֪īѾûκε·ˣ
ʽ
졢졢죡
ҪõıǺʽǿѧʽ
һ
׵һŭƼҵϿѾǴԭһƬڰ͸һ˿Ĺ
ǵѷ첻ϵſѾ𽥵ı
ʼһ죡
ŷұӴȾԿԳƵǵˣ
꽣Ҳƾ⺳ʽ磡
Ȼڶ羳ǿߵʱһУʵѾǿʲô̶ˣ
ֻ⿪ʽּһζϣ
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ԭѾ¹ޱȵĿһøӵĥ
ΪЩ羳ǿ߶ĸ֪ʮֵǿɶڻ֮ĸ֪ȴǳ
һʧڿռ֮еһ̣
īоһͷƤ顭




3667  īĴ
 

һ
ȽصϹʱڿٵ֮ʱǵȺϢ˸оһޱȵϣ
һ̣
ЩΧ֮˿ȻҲЩҪĸо
⡭ǽŷұӵĿһһƽһμ
ʵֲ̫ˣҪһУֱӻҷ˰
ɲôΣû뵽ᾹȻܹʹǿѧ
ȻʤŷұӶսmعҲڳǿһҲû˰
ĪҪϮս羳ǿ𣿡
һ֮
׵ĿʽȻҲ֪ķѵʱЩ
ӵűԴʯҪڶʱʹ⿪һҲֻԼʦŷұˡ
׽ʮֵķӣ׵Ĵϻ֮ˣҲ׼һᣡ
Ȼˣ
һʹĿһҪ֮ǰҪ첻ˡ

˳ĺһղһ˲ʵ̫ѹˣ
˿̣
īٴһ㣬ĺҲһ䶯
ֻһ̣
һ裬ѾǶһƷɽ
ৣ
ī֮Ȼֱӳѿķ˹ȥ
¡
һ룬Ѿײһ𣡣
ԭʧǵֱһε˳
ײγ˾޴һڶֵĻһƼһ֪Ҫ˶أ
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īһ֮˲һʺѪˮ
ƺҲûкõȥҲѪ
˼һͬʱǧף
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׵֮дһ˿֮ɫȻīЩˬ
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һ羳ǿߣٿɵϰ𾳺֮ˣ
ʵϣ
ֶԵֻһĶѣĶս羳ǿ߿ȥ磡
֮ǰ񱻴m֮ΧʵԭΪߡ
ĻmҪնɱǲ˵㣡
ĺ֪㵽ôģ
߻ŵǾīҲüʵ
׵˵Ȼǲݵľ棬ǾͼɣҪ֪ģ˻Ȫ·˻ģ
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˵űڵı£ĳҪһ
Ȼ뷨ǱڲƺҲǹⲻȥˣ
ī˵ʵѾǴڵǿѧ㶨ǰ֮ˣ
׵Ŀĺܼ򵥣īѪս϶ǰĽ
ҪնɱīΨһĻǵȵƣʱ
ٵĵİ취Ǳīļɱﵣ
ǿɱﵱ˲ĵġ
̼īΪľܹһﾡĽԼڵĴ
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ĿԾδ˵˭ܴ
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˵֮˶ѾǳΪ˱ڵĽˣ
ŷұӵĺʽʮֵ֮⺳ʽҲǾԲ֣
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׿źļٵģҲЩʵ
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ף㲻Ҫϵʹֱ˾ˡɵǱߵС
ܶණоڵǿѧôûأ
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˱ڵˣҲm֪ˣ
ļʱѣϣ棡
īĴЦ㲻˰ɣ
ڵֵû֣аɡ
׿һīȻһЦ
ֻһԵĺ켱ˡ




3668  
 

ϵˣ
īʱһϲ֮һֱϲװ
˵һＫΪҪӣѾǵ˷ָĳ̶ȡ
·ʲôĸǰиһ㡣
īҪĽΪī˵Ǻܶ޷顣
˵ʵ
ԭīΪԼı亮Ȫƾǿһǡ
û뵽ǣһﾹȻ֪óʲôʯӲĿסһ
īû뵽ǣһﾹȻʱڻӴԼЩˣ
羳ǿߵĽһ̱̤ˣ
īȻǹҲסˣ֪Լڲնɱˣʱ¾ʤˣ
ʵײ˵īҲѾ׼׿ˣ
Ǹ֪ʲôʯѾûȤ
Ϊصī֪һġ
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ûһǿȫλ޲ķģ
ʱ
Ʋһ࣬Ѿü
˵ʵ
ƲڵʮֵìܣϣӮоԼЩˡ
ӮˣԼǾ͹ˣ
ƼѾⲻˡ
˺ص壬֪ƼҼȻһεĸm
϶ҲѾǳ׵γˣƲûκεİ취
ΪƼǽʵĴĻԺ󴦴Ҫܵmǯơ
ⲻƲϣĽ
ƼûƲƲ׺ˡ
Ƽҵû˵ĻôƼҼǾʣƲҲǹһ˾ѣ

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˿̣
ֻҪֹīıϾȽʽǱȽϵķġ
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·Ǳ˲Ϳյĸоһ
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Щ˺ѷεţ֪׵Щʲô
ЩûκεĺҩԳԣڲֹīĻôҪֹˡ
ֻǴ˿̵׷·ûĹźЩأ
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ԶɽźһģҲżˡ
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ӵң
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׵ıԴʯϵıУĽ
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ѾԽԽܼѾǿ쵽εĵز
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䣡䣡䣡
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ܶ˿īȷľٶҲ֪״ϣѾʮֵãˣ
ī˿ҲǴֱ׵ķֿò̫άֱת
ˡأ
īΪԼȲʤȯʱȻ䷢ʧˣ
ѲǱԼնɱˣ
īЩĿɿڴĿǰһУʱƣҲ¶һ˿ɻ󡭡




3669  ж
 

ף
źһ˺ѷεźƼܲѾǳ׵˼ž֮У
ù
֮дŭī
īһƳȻ֮սǱǲݣһô䲻𣿡
죬ʾҪ嶯
ûĹǣҲǲš
һԵḻ́˵ϣȻٺһЦû뵽ôͳ˹Ѹ˰
ôĵӣȻҶַ˵
ԭסģʵЩ̲סˡ
Ȼһɳô峤ˣҪһСѾͷƬӱôҪǲ·Ӣ۳Ц
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ڱҪһ񣬲ȻǣƲ
Ʋ㵽ôģ
ƲѾڴȻ
Ʋ˿ҲһȦΪܸоûôļ򵥡
Կϵһͷ
ڵƲѧˣΪղǹһĻС
׵ôʧģ
ĪһĵƣĻƲǾˡ
ƲѾˣѲɻҪȥ𣿡
صʱվ˳Ʋŭһ
Ʋ׺Щظԭm뽣֮飬ƼʲôϵƼֻǴӦmЭ򣬿ɲδӦģ
Ʋ׺ҸƲ˵廰ķô
ص˿Ĵļѡ
˵ʵ
һʼĺصѾǴ·ˣԼ·ˡ
Ʋ׺ŭһƼҾԲСˣ峤ˣִҪͶmƲ׺Ƽң
׺㡭
Ʋû뵽Ʋ׺ȻԼ˵Ļ
ֻƲ֮еһ˿ѣ֪ЩԼ˵ֻƲ׺Լˣ
Ʋ׺ĵ˰صŭһ
һʱ䣡
ѾЩˣīڰ֮УʼվЩΣ
ΪղЩо˶ĳ֮ϣδվϵָо
ǼһﾹȻĪʧˣһ˿Ѫûн
ôܣ
ô˵ǼһҲһλ֣ҲһĶûеġ
źصǱ۲ݣīٴһ㣡

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һԵϸֱԲ˵峤ˣһʵ̫ʢԼǸΪͿΪΪˣ˺Ժ󻹲ñ
Ҳһε˵һѾˣǵļƻǲҪıˣ
ü𣿡
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ĻֻҪκε˿Ѳ˵ʶġ
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һ뵽ղűǿֲҲµ˵
ıԼ۾˵ȷЩԽͣɱȴΪӦûôļ򵥡
״˵컯Ǿôˣǿ¶֪˶ٻˣ
Ȼûκֱӵ֤֤׵
һ㣬ƾľӦûôļ򵥡
峤ˣΪתɣЩƵĿ
񵭵һЦѲλûзīһֱս״̬𣿾Լȷ飬ôôȷ
˿̣
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áǰ
ҲĭȻҲû뵽龹Ȼ
ˣ
۲ֹʱīȻоһӴʶסԼ
һ̣
ƽؾһĽֱӴͷϷ䡭




3670  ʧī
 

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Ϊī뽣׵Ծīնɱս֮ʱ
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Ҳ˵ʱҪָսѶʮ֮
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ī˼䣬ھϣǰһҲĴĻٻԼһʱ䣡
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⵽ôһ£
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ǣӦòˣղűһҪնݳ˾ŵ£֮ǻɱĻҲ˶Է
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һȺֱըˣ
ԭǻڴŸ֮ǰһ漣֣Ƿ˼Ѿֱˡ
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ãǱھͲˣ
׵ӰֱӳƲĸǰеķɽҲѾǵƲĵ֮




3671  ߵĺص
 

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ص忴׵ģҲǳƲǱһڵ
ƲֻǵĿһۺص壬ȻΪƼ峤ȻһΪƼҿǡظΪmһ
ӣ
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׿źص壬Ȼ֮˵
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mİ羳ǿҲô࣬һǱһв
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׵˵m֮ˣ壬ǿϣʱҲҪ
֡ס
׵Ļԭʤϲ֮С
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ΪԼףҪɱ£ȻΪԼҪһ
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ӣΪ㣬Ƽұɲ֮УƲֱһƺϣ˲оԼĵܵҵĳ
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Ʋŭһȡ
üƲ˵峤Ȼֶΰ
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ƲҲ֪׿ԼĿģ
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һˣԺҲǲṹʵԵвˣ
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֮ΪҶⰡ
׼ͷȥѰʱһ뵽׵ĶУ
ô˵أ£
ƲˣҲһȵ
׿Ŷ֮ˣԭüͷЩչ˿ȻصĹ




3672  ˮ
 

Ƽܲ
ī䣬صߣ
Ѿȫ׵ƿ֮У˵ʵƲҲһ
ԼĶӱԼˣܹӲдһʱ䡣
δ׷Ʋж׻һЩм֮顣
ʵϣ
ײ鲻֮ˣƼҵĹ˳Ҳһǵѡ
׿ԿƲһˣȴ޷һѪôˡ
˵Ե·ˣҪġ
Щ飬ɱ⣬ҲҪƺ͵ġ
ɾΪ½Դϲ֮ʱû뵽ĸͳ˳
յĸͳƼݵһλ֣
ֽˮ
λˮյƼҵʱˣҲҿõƼҵľΡ
ƼңҲǶƼҵһֱʽ
ƼҶˮһʼΣɰˮƼ湦֮ƼҲĿʼ֮ˡ
ˮƼô꣬һֱǾҵҵ
ƲλˮѾԽԽˣ˷ĸͳһְˮ˵Ƽҵĳӣ
Ҫ֪Ȼ֮ˣɺĲǿɶƼԼˡ
ܹˮһ֮ƹĶ֮һˮҳ϶ȿ϶ǵõ϶ġ
ֻڣ
һϣһССͳ죬ûʸվ˵
οɲǳƼ֮˵ǳǱ׽

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һֱûеõԼҪĴ𰸣Ҵʵǿᣬȴ˿κε·
ƲһҲǻɹܶΪˮıֳ׵Ĵͷ
ˮȻվ˳㣬ƲҲǿһ¡
ھŭףʱٲ֮أ
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Цһ˽Ϊֻ˭Ҳ֪Ȼ˵Ƥӵأ
ڵҲû뵽ҶȻ˲ţŷұϼһﻹ۹Ⱑ
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Цŵĳλ峤ͳ֧֣ɻԶԶʦϣܹ
˵ˣڶܾͲ˺ؼ֣֮ο㲻ΪԼΪҴ²ҲԸ׷ػߣҴ۷磡
ˮȻվˣʵѾѡ
лҲǹֵ
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ղҪֵĻҲġƼҴʵΪǿ֮һΪã
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ȻˮʵƲʵʵսĻ˿²ಢ󣡣
ܹ𾳺磬ǾԲǷ֮
λͬڽƱ̸ɣ
׿㳡ôˣҲǳķһȻ
ֻһ룡
˾̾һεķˣ
ΪԭߵЩmǿߣһ̾Ǵ˼һ㡭




3673  
 

Ʊڣ
˼üһã
ʵϣ˼ѾΪ׵ĺս
˵ʵ
Ƽҽ飬ºܿᴫޣĴޣ
޵սһԭҪ޵ǰˣӦҲҪֹͣԼĲˣ
Ϊ޵սģ
˭Ҫ벶ȸں
ʱ뵽ս֮Уǰװ׵Լս
ολ³ֵػߣܿmҰ֮У
˵֮ǰĸǴҪŵĻôƺˡ
ΪױǴŴ޵ͳŴ޵δ
ȻˣʵҪһԭǸ޵m˭Ҳ뵱ͷ
ΪĳͷȻǼԼսʱΪѣ
ףлл㣡
׵Ҳ࣬񶼶ףȿڵǺ
˭Ҳ֪׵жλˣȻΪ׵ķˣԺλ˵ĵλ֪ˡ
Ƽң׵ô˵Ϊ˳޿ħ
һ㣬Ҳǿеġ
ȷҲǴϻޱȣ׶ٺãǷŵԼ̬
źˣЩĽؼˡ
ѾҶ۱
Цһ˸һ˿𣿡
Щ˼ĿףҲ֪Ӧô˵ˡ
ԼһֱҪɱף˼ȴ
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Ҫ֪mİ羳ǿ߾ô࣬һһв
صmĵλ˭˲֪˭˲
ǿmұ۰
ֵûзһϵصȻѾΪҵķˣȻҪӡֻӿһڣҲϣ⣡
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mǾǲݵһ棬ο˼ػߣϱ޵¾˼ҵġ
ȻҲ֪ԼǺؼ֮ˣԽԽúؼ̫ˡ
֮ǰԼԼһ̣ʵѾˣ
׸ղŶնɱص壬Ҳûʲô
˼Ҳδôһ̺ѵж
Цһôδɻð
Ҳ죿
ƲֵĿףҪ֪һ·һ㡣
Ǹղ˵ĳͻ˭ҲûнС
ڤһû̫ĹϸҲ֪֮˲ܲʹµġ
׵Ļƺһвġ
΢΢һЦйһ֮Եֻǵʱڻɽ磡
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ƲһƵĿף˼ⷢչٶҲʵ̫һЩ˰ɣ
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ȻҪǣ֮ǰ˵֮ԣġ
׸֮Ľ·ڴһ㡣
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ڤۼ֮أǿ֪֮꣬ʲô㰡
׿ĿʼԼķָˡ
һֵ˵ʱôˣ˵ʵ֮ǰĲǺܿڱ巢ԼˣҴס
ñڵ˿ɲֹһΪĳΣ
׵ֱĿ񣬴һ˿ʵ
һ˱󣡡
ĳ˵ֱֱȥԸĳЯֹͬս£ĳȻҲͶ֮ҡ֮
ֱ˵˵ڿûôĹߺ
ȻԶڤҲһΪӴ
屾岻֪׻ȸĴ֦ͬҵȶȻǶޡ
Ҳһ㶼˵ԭʵҲֻԼ֪
鵽һ˭ҲԸ°ɣ
˵ĸ߰ô׵֮£
ֵ֮ӵѾǵΣķĳ̶ȡ
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׿Ц˼ڼĴ壬ѾӵmսĿܡ
ֻһ̣ȴЩε˵ȻˣƲ֮еôã
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̾һһ֮ѾǱ˻񣬲֪˵һ壿һܲͦһػ˵
һͬһֻǰһ֮Ӵ󣬶Ǳm֧֣ʵǿޱȣ
ƲףƺڤҲ֪ĺ




3674  һ
 

һ壿
üôôıŤأ
ټνmӵĲˬˣ
ǰһڤΪӴ֮һʵȻǿɻδﵽȴĵزǵӴ󡭡
ףҲü
Ȼ
νİһҲΪʲôƵӴһԭ
ֻǾҲû뵽һϵ£ȻľԼǵĶˡ
ף
֮ǰԼɽйһ֮ԵˣѾǳɳ˿ֲĵز
һҲǵһ岻޵ͼһımֻ֧֡һǾˮˮ
ǰ
֮дһ˿ŭ
һԵҲ̾һνƽȮۣһǰǰʲôأǵػ߲֪ʲôطȻðһ˶ݵʱ˵ĸ߶ȣ
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ҲһԲȻǷǳΡ
ΪɶǣݴmҪǸĴޣһޱ¾ͻΪһūˣ
ǿԿóģУʮֵĸ߹
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Цһޣǵÿûˣ
֪һİ羳ǿߣѾǴﵽϰٺˣ
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ҪǶĻǼֱԵİ
⻹ǱmԼ޵ôλ羳ǿߡ
Ѿį˹˰
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ˣҲ΢΢ҡͷ
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һ֮ǰҵȵʵಢǺܴ󣬿ɲ֪Ϊʲôǧǲϵӿֳ𺳵ĸ֡ȻǵϢЩ֣ǵʵȴӹɵġ
׻ȸĴ𾳺۷֮ж٣
ĻҲǿһʵ
һ㶣漴ʵҲԵģĴﵽ壬ͻư羳ǿߣҲֻ£
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һ룿˵Цˣ˵һ룬һȺڳһλѾǷǳ˲õˡ羳ǿ߿ɲܳģֻ˵һЩ֣ҵȲ֪ǺȻѾΥĹˣ
ףҲεĿЦһ
һԵƲҲǵǰ羳ǿôĻҲͲô໰˵ˣ
ǰÿһλ羳ǿҪϣǶҪԵġѰ֮˿ԶҲûʸˣ
쿴ףҲǺݺݵĵͷʾͬĻ
һԵļҲͬǵĹ۵㡣
羳ǿߣǿһĸ̫С̫Сˡ
˵ɵĻҪȥһô
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΢΢ҡͷȻ׵Ķ֣ĶֵĻǱȻɱУ
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ʲôʱʼʵ
֮󣡡
ףҲҪ׵ûʲô취
ı۾Ȼ꣬Ӧùˣ




3675  񼣣
 

Ӧùˣʲô˼ĪѾ뵽취ˣ
˿̿ףЩɲ
ʵϣ
ϰٺŰ羳ǿߵʱ򣬿ڳκһ˶Ҫеˡ
Ȼ˵Ӧùˣ
Ī뵽ʲô취
ǳһ㣬Ǿھʵǰһж
ڸ𾳺ڵǿ꣬ҲͻƵ羳ġһĲʵ̫̫ˣǡ
ƲҲǵ
Ʋæʵ峤ĪҲз
Ͷҽ
ѾΣڵϦоֻҪһ˿ϣҪȡ
ײδڣƲҪλ峤Ƿа취
ֻ׾ãƲӦǲʲôð취ˡ
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ƲڳΪmټ޵ǿ֣ȻmһmֻҪɵҲҶ֡
ʱ䣿İΪmˣҪϴ޵ԴҲüʮʱɣٿ죬Ҳʮɣ
ƲƲνûûκε
ƲЩε˵˵ֻϵĿԣһÿmûʲô
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ƲЩƵ˵ͳ죬˵ڻбΪʵİ취𣿡
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ҲƲѣ뵽ĻֵõƲ˵
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һʮŰ羳ǿߣƾЩˣ¹ȥҲǱ˼Ҹˣ
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ӦͨĳЩطﵽĳ̶ֳȰɣmػ߲
ղ˵Ӧùˣʲô˼Щĵʵ
Цһڸʶټ˶ܿ帲𰡣
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ףо޳ˡ
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ף㲻а취ɣ
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ЩƵҵ˼а취Ըm¡
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ص֣鷳㶯Ӻòãϰٺŵİ羳ǿ֧֣ômλл𣿻õб𣿡
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ʮλ羳ǿߣⲻǳɶ
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Ʋ˶Ǻͽһ¸֪顣
ĻҲΪˣ
ѾʼĬˣֻȹϵһ㣡
ȴҶ˵Щʲô
֮
״ź̤˻ع鶫;




3676  а
 

׺ͺһ·飡
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׵֮дһ˿ϣӿʼԼжԵ׼Լ
ʵҲǼΪĸӵģһ֪֮ˡ
һ׼飬Ͳڻͷˡ
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һ˲䣡
ڤڸǰķгһĨ֮ɫֻǺܿ죬ǰ˾˾ռһļԼ顣




3677  ޳һ
 

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׸׼ڤڵأǰһĻҲЩŭѣ
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ΪǱҪ˳֮£
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˭ڤڵĸǰ£Ҫˣ




3678  
 

ڤɽǰ
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ִ±µģڵĿѾǴȽߵĺˡ
֮ǰִһʱѾǾΪˣ
ߣȺɫ֮ͽô׵ķŹأ
Ҫ֪
ڤڵɽţ˭ڤڵĸǰߺģ
ִڵĸо·ڤڵһ㣬һֺߵĸо
㻹˵һ飬ÿһ·㻹лȥ
׿ִ£Χ¶ȷ˲½
ԭΪִѾܿˣû뵽Ȼи֮˳ˡ
һԵ⿴׶ŭϽֵܣ⡭طǲҪµĺã˵ɡ
ߣ⣬ҪˣǱִ¿Ա֤ڼ̫
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ˣ
׿ִ£˵һһͷˮĻ
ֻһ̣
Ǹ֮˵ĵﴦѾǶһ׵Ŀ




3679  Сģϵ
 

ˣ
׵ľͶˣ
һڳ֮˼ͬʱһôȥˣǷɹʯŲ
ڤڷļûС
˵ģִµҲǺٵģ͸ӲҪᶯˣ
Ϊˣ˲žЩ˼飡
ԭڳǮѾǲ˼ˣΪľ͵ǵִ¡
ʵǧƷʯڵײ֮˵ȷһĿ
Ƕսڤ˵ĲһʲôĿ
ο
ڤһֱѹեΪʵԼҲ֪кܶʯղġ
˿̣
ִһʹģڤɽŸǰѾǳ׵ķ
˵⿴ֵĲ´˵ƺ־Υ˷֮顣
Ƿ˰Ǵİ
ðĲ֪̣˶ٵŮҲǱӦ˰
ֵλҲǹİѲɲ֪طڤڵĵȻ͸߶֣
˭˵أͼһʱˬһ߲ڤˣ
һ˷ܵģпϧģо̾ģ
ô˿׵˵ʱ򣬻Ǵһ˿֮ġ
Ϊȴ顣
ʵڤѹեֺֹһţڤΧ֮ڵĴССżѹե
ֻʵЩŭԡ
һЩ֧ŲסĸɴֱӳΪڤڵһˡ
ܹӵԼɽźʹУ˭Ըıձأ
ÿһŵ괴ʱǿɶǰѪ˭ϣŷأ
ԣ
ʵѵľǻŸˣ
ڣǼڤڣڤڿ϶һӭġ
Ų򲻵ѵʱǾԲܷԼŵġ
ڤʵԼҲ֪һֻһѹեš
Ϊǿձ˵ŵĻĻ಩
˵ļ֣ʵΪ˱סڵĸ
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⵹ʮֵ侲
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һֻһ˽֮ˣ׸Ҳͽ˶ˡ
üֵܾȣǱõĶˡ˷ڤڣڿӳͷҶǲ绻ȡֵܵĻ·ˡڤʵ̫Ӵˡ
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ĻҲŭһʧĸо
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ⱻĻŪĲһҭڤʲô
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Ǹִɫ԰ף˿̿׷·ܹ̻һ㣡
ˣ
磬˼͵ǵˣ
ûĻ壬ǵͬڷһ
ǡǡ
ԭǰ˴˿Ҳǻˣû뵽Ȼ˸߶֣
˵ʱǷ֪Ӧôˡ
㡭ǸҵţһҪ֮أ
ִ·ĳ
ֻ׳һ۵ʱһαܵһ£
΢΢ҡͷˣɱҶҵ֡
ֵܣĸϽ߰ɣߵԽԶԽá»ִ֪ʵûʲôĵĸףҲڤڵִ֮һڤλȨذ
ִ˽ҪȻҲҪͨ˼ڤڵ
ȻҲ֪Լ뷨Щ쿪Ѿ·ˣ
Ψһİ취Ҳܹڤڵĸ߲㡣
ʵ˵ڤǿ϶ǳˣܹڤĳλϼһ棬ʱҲл᲻
Σ׿Цʵ
һԵĺ˵İɣڤߣҲô£
λⷹҳԣ˵
ЩƵĿǰλҲ֪˵ʲôˡ
˿ȥʲأ
򣬻˲ڤеģ
ˣڤ˵Ѿǳˡ

׺֮ʣһŭ֮Ѿ쳹ڤɽŸǰ
ڤִ֮һף
Ҳλִĸףĳһĺ䶯
ڤڵЩ߲ƽʱײβ֡
ǳµĻ֮ҲֻмСˡ
ףѹҲܳߵģ
ݺģ֪λ쳤ϿǶŭˣ
Ҫ֪
Ҳӣǳ絽ˡ
񿴵ԼĶԼļſڱ˷ˣܲŭ




3680  
 

ڤɽ֮ǰ
ʱڤ˶ֵϢѾǴ뵽ڤڵڲ
׵һʱԼĶӱ˷Ϊ֮־ŭ
Ҳֳ嶯֮ˣ֪ڤɽŸǰ֮ˣҪôɵӣҪôǴͷ
ֻǵǰһŮʱ˶סˣ
ôˣȻ͸߶֣
ҪֱӶ֣ɶɵϰߣҲǻָԭ侲
ȻԼѾǱΪ֪ʲô˵ĻǵʱͲӵùˡ
˵ʵ
쵽Ǹʲôԣ׵֪ܲأ
ȴԼڤλȨصִϣȻԱӻԼĶӡ
Ÿ߲㲻ɮ濴棬ҲԼôģ
ٲãʱԼĵǸʲôҲˡ
ôҲû뵽ΪԼ簮ȴԼİĶӵһ
׾նɱǰˣҲѾ޲ˣ
쳤ϣһﶯִֵµġ
ߵǸСһ׵ĵܹȥ߼ҳСһ㣡
׵ۿһͨ죬׳ʵ˭ΪʲôҪҼ
ǣ쳤ôʿ²ʰɣЦһ
һԵĺҲǲм˵˵ɱҲϧҼ๫ܹһѾǷǳˡ
㡭Ǿ˭ڤڵĵֲ̣Ұ
оɲ˼Ȼ֪Լݣȴָ˸Լ˵һЩòˡ
˭ҪҪӵʲôڤڵʲôǿСžڤȴ𣿡
׵ķЩҲ
ߣǸٲ˵ݵĻǿɾ͹ֲĳˣ
׽ЩʧȥˣǰҲŭȵ
Ȼʱûɥ֮ʹѾûжٵˡ
˿̿ԼӻǱ߸ĥĥҲʧʹ޵״ˣɵðﺢ𰡣
ٸһλᣡ
׻ĳ׵ķ˹ȥҲɱƵ֡
׵˵ĳһ·쳤ϲʶĻǿһ·Ҳûˣ
Բѣڤڵĵϣ˴ڤڵ˻ﳤȥģ
׵ʶס˸ǰףҲһ˿ɱ
ô۸ˣȫΪӲΪֱ˵Ļ
ΣֵһСڱϵǰָָ㣡
ԭѾ˼㣬ֻĿҪ֪׵ݡ
ȻһﲻԼԼҲ֪ˡ
ԼĶΪϣͷô
ڤǾԵһĴڣǰĻûС
ʲô
ͷװ򱧲ƽʵ̫̫ˡ
ѾƶͷȻ̫
ڤΪ񹲷ߣȻ㲻˼ڸģĳڤڻڸΪֹ
׵Ը˵ִ֣ο飬ҪôܣȻҪܵĻǾԲܰ;ϡ
֡֡
ȽѾŵò֪˵ʲôźˡ
ù˴ڣҪ׶֣ǾͲʲô˶ܹˡ
׵жϣʵǿҲǿĹ׵ġ
˼ǰİڸڤ˿˺Ҳ
ΪԼͽ˵ȥĻԲԸ⿴顣
ãô껹û˸ڤڵĵ϶Ա˵ķ׾֪ʲôڣ
˱ŭ𣬳׵ķֱһƱ˹ȥ
һ̣
ѾסԼ۾¿ѪɵһĻ
䣡
סԼ۾һ̣ƺʧһεľʣ
˽Ϊ׿϶ǻ׵һƣҲǸˡ
ǵ׳֮ʣ˼ֱŵԼ۾
޴ȭͷ֮뵽˵ĶУ
ţ
һɼıֱӳɢȥԭΧ۵˼ͳͳıƷڵأ
ۣ
ԭֻöԸǰСԼһָͷˣ
ǵܵǼըһ֪֮Լˣ
Ǵ൱ף
˿̣
׵֮г˿־֮ɫ
мһ֣֪ûУ
׸ղŵһγ֣Ѿ׸о׵ǿ
ܹӵʵʵֲ̫ˣ
һʱ䣡
ڵѾЩﻢµĸоˣ
ڴʱһɣΪһ̣ڤڸӰ׵ĸǰ
ֻһ룬˴۾һĻˡ




3681  ĻƸ
 

ڤɽŸǰ
״˿̿Żĵ׼ȥʹһ
һ룡
翴ǰˣѾɫЩˣ
࣡
ĭڻĺһķʾĽ֮顣
һ֮˸оЩ֣
Ҫ֪ڤڵĵڶѽΰڤ֮⣬ʣµĿɾǻˣ
һǺ绽Ĵڡ
Ǿһ˿̿ȥʮֵĽţ˸оһĲ죡
ˣǡ
׻̲סȿ˿ڣŻ˷ģҲ֪׷ʲô飿
һף£
򡭡£ˣ⡭
׻ΪԼˣҪ֪Լһ
οڤڵִϣƸǸ첲ҲôĹְɣ
׵д˾ǿ֮ɫҲܹ
ǿߣҪǰ˹£ôأ
ôҵĻ㶼𣿡
翴ףҲŭһ
ҲһƢˣŻƸ˷ΪڤֺǹˣǱڤڵ档
ߣƾҲڤڣһ
ҡ
׿ŻӣƺѾЩԾˣڲһɱ¹ʵǲܵ顣
ʿɱ裡
׾ô˿ܾ裬Ҳֻع
㣿ʲô㣿ӵΪΪŲ֪𣿲֮ǰǿϲһʶѡ㻹ΪǸʲôϲɣ
ķǣһҲЩ亹ֱð
ƸˣҲڤԼļ£ҲֲǸǰߺַΪɣ
ڻǰҲֻѡ
ҪǸĻûа취ġ
ߣ磬Ȼ֪ĶôȻҲֹڤڻǹԵİ
˿̿Ż磬ʵʶġ
ҪľǻӴԼ
˵֮ǰҲʶˡ
ǣĳһһ
Ҳ֪ʲôҲı¶ݡ
ںߵˣ͸ӵĲ֪˭ˣ
һǸһһ֮СһҪ˼ҽһǧƷʯǰ˼·ϱưɣ
Խ˵ԽŻҲŭѡ
ɸְ
˿һ뵽֮ǰĵӣЩŭɶ
׵˵ڤڣĺĳʧ߰ɣ
⡭λǡ
ʱףЩŲѡ
Ϊ˵µʱ򣬸ûй˼ɺӡ
˵ʲô˵˵ͷԲС
Ȼʾ֭Ҳ󲻵׵һ
Ǿͳźݣ˼ƣҲΰ
򣡣
һЩǿʵҲڼз֮֡
ŭ˺Ҳ֪ڤڷַӾпܱ
Ҫ֪ڤȻһţҪһŵĻֻҪעԴҲʲôܵ顣
ҷ
˼Ļش׵ĹϵҲʲô˵ġ
οѾǶʧȥȤҲ֪׵Ը
⡭ĪƼҵĴ峤
ΪĿ˿˵ʵƹȵϢһʱỹܴôԶ
ԣϢͣƹȵ棡
Ϊ֮ǰ֮´Ƿзټ׵ʵƼλ峤ʵЩǺϣ
Ҫ׸ĸһ£
ֻƨһСֱӾĵˡ
˵һǳ⣬һԵ׵ŵһ¡
׾ǸϹӣҲǿóǰ˵ͷжˡ
ܹû縱˵֮ˣҲҲڶ
ˣƸҲƽ֡
ڣǰСŮޣ˼ҾȻ̬Ȱ
ĳʧԣĳʧԡ
ԼͣȥǽŲѡ
֪Լϴˣ˵֮ǰܶĴžǿѨ簡
˵ҲˣԺҵ֪ڤǿĻǾݹˡ
ԺԲڷˡ̵ͷȻĳѾ֪ͨˣ˺ܿ㵽
ߣǲǻʱ䣡ֱӻؾ
ڤڻݼŵ£֪٣֮̿
ںڤʲôʱڤѾˡ
ʱǲ֪ǰŮ޵Ƕôĺˡ
һʱ䣡
ڤһƬȻ




3682  Ĺ
 

䣡
ΪǿĴڣ
˵ʵ˵仰ǷǳõģʥּѾǲˡ
ֻһ֮Ϊ𾪣

mľŵ£һҲǳ׵عˡ
Ҫ֪ĵطmʮֵ˾ηġ
mϻʵm
˿̣
׺쿴Լ˶źһݣҲŵûɢ
ףԭΪԼ˲Ǹһɫ
֪˺֮ǳ׵ˡ
ǵʱòڣĻ˵ۼҲԲܷ˵Ĵˡ

ԭʹҪ뿪ģҲû뵽羹Ȼֱ֪ͨ˻䣡
ϴһ˿εŵƲڣ
ڤڱͲȥˡ
Ż䣬֮дһ˿ŭ֮ɫ
ԭΪ˷ǳĲڿһֱǸ
ȻԼµ˷˼飬оһⶼЩ԰ˡ
һĭоԼĺһķɬ
һԵĻ̵ŵ£֮ǰ֮ҵȵȷ֮ŵƲڣڤڶȻŵһ
˵ĻǺɰ˱ӵֶ˳ڤ𣿡
Դǣôһ˵ʵڤڷѾǽԼһΡ
˿˿̴ım
ʵڻΪֵĵطҲڴˣҪ֪m伫
ڤ飬m֮ӦҲСֵİɣ
οʵǻ䱾⣬Ҳʮֵơ
׺ڣ
˿Ѿ˲ˣҲǵҪһ
˭ڤѾǴ˾ŵµӡأ
ԺҪڴ޻ĻǱҪùϵ
˵ԼˣҲ˿Ųǰ
ڡˣڴˣ
׸оԼЩκģһ̺޲Ҹطȥ
ɹ֮£ڽȫȨôڰµ𣿡
üͷһɣҲŭѣ
࣡
׵ĺ֮зһ
Ż䣬ͨһѾǹˣ
ǵӡĶӣҲûлϵıҪˣ
ΪһʲôĴ֮
׻˵úãȲƱ岻Ʋƣ
ɲʲôƲ磬ĴһӣԭǱɪɪֱӱɱ
״˿ﻹ˵Լˣ
ɫ԰ףĺ鲻ϵͷϵ䡣
ŵ£׳ƺҪΪȡһЩʲô
ѾǲκεĻôˣкôˣΪʵǿͿΪΪ𣿡
⡭
ҲһΣҲ΢΢ҡͷ
˵ʵ
һһ𾳺ڵǿ߲ףȻڤһţǿ߾ԻϡȱԴ
ܹһλ𾳺ڵǿߣܱ˵ǿɣ
ֻǺ֪еŭûа취Ρ
Ŀһۻֻ˵һ仰Ҫñ£ǱҪڤڵĳ⣡
׵˫΢΢֪ԼΪĶӿҪɥڴˣ
̾һף˰ɡ˱ڿɱƽֻʵ̫ˣڶҲʮֵʧ
ڡˣһˣ
Ҳ֪ûκλˣ
֮Ա֮ҲǴһ˿į
ֻ֪Щ鲢ġ
ڤǵﲻһ׺ͺʵ̫΢ˡ
׸ӷҲῴһȻҪȻǻǸһӣȥ᣿
ʵϣ
Ҳ׼׵ƢԣʱĲ֪׵ôģ
ڤڶЩܺûһֻɱԼˣĳΪûκεĳ⡣
׿Ż䣬Ҳ
һ㶣⿴һԵĻ磬Ϊʵǲȷ׵ʲôݣ
һԵĻղѾǾΣҲǳŻ΢΢ҡͷ
һ˿ѾǺˣǾڸ߻ǰ˲Ƽҵ峤
ŵ£ѾɻˣҡҵʧʵǱĺܣ֪λǡ
˿ҲǿźɻʵӦʮֵҪ֪׵ݡ
׵˵ĳݲҳݣҪ˵ЩȺһڤڲҲա
˻
䵹һʲô̫ˡ
ôҲû뵽ŵ¾Ȼһ˳Եģ˵ʲôݣ
һʱ䣬оԼЩצĵܡ




3683  ֮
 

ڤڸǰ
׸ӵ˴˼𺳣
ԭΪŭڤڵִǿ϶ûʲô³ġ
أ
ûк³˷λִԼƽʮŰ競ӣ
ģ
ڤڷһ̺ܶ˾ġ
ֻǶmŵµҲǾ㵲ѣ˵ʵܶҲǺҪ֪׵ʲôݣ
һ˺εºܽmλòǻ۲ľŵ¸Ūķģ
˿Ҫ֪ݵһ
˼Ҳ˵ڻǲʣΪҪľǽڵˡ
Ȼ֪ڵȽ׺ͺ֮Ĺϵ
һ֪ʮֵǾǽãֽڤδơ
һССڣȻܹӰ쵽˵Ĵ֣ʲôǲܵأ
˿̣
źݣѾ°Ͷˡ
ˣʮֵˣ
ж̲סҪźû뵽ԼȻõ˵졣
һøˡ
ʱʮֽŵĿźͻĵˣȻ֪Լסˣ֪׻ᷢʲô
׵ͱˣһʮֵĽš
λƽɱϵĻΪ׵Ļʹɱ֡

ʵʶ⣬νڤڵ㲻ϵСš
ǻСŶҪעĻҪæˣ
ûκεİ취òλССŵˡ
Щϻ̳Ͽֵ˵⣬λȽҵȰݼ
һ˲ţھͲҪʲôˡԺֱӺһ弴ɡ
俴⣬Ҳֱ˵˵
塭壿
סˣĿԺΪĻڿνһ찡
ôĳӦҲǿԵİɣЩʵ
ϡʲ𣬻ջسȻȥϳɣڻĸǰʵϳɲ
ˣôˡڶڵ֪飬˵˵ˣֻҪںΧ֮ڣһŬΪǽġ
ڵ̬ŵͣ˵仹һס
ײδԣҲû˵֪˼ϿԼˡ
ҧҧͨһµ
塭̵
⾪һ£漴壬ĩţҲֻǧ˶ѣڤÿҪɹǧƷʯʵЩ벻忴ҵС治׵ķһЩɹ
һǧƷʯÿꣿֱ֣Ǻ֣
ЩһĿһԵĻ硣
Ҳһ㶵⡭ôܣȻɹÿԲᳬʮƷʯģôһǧƷʯ
ʮƷʯ
һǧƷʯ
ǾǶʮĲడʮƷʯĻû⻰˵ˡ
˵ʮƷʯĻҲǾԿԸġ
סˣЩŵҡҡͷһƷʯҲƴȫɹԲκεĲġ
ȥԺǧ˹ģɹֱȡˣ
ںЩŵɹں
ɹǹأڤȻںȴҲӶ಻
ֻڳ⵵ӵ飬俴źŭˣȻҲֵ˳ˮˣ
Ǵģһʼ⵱ֶȻڵȥСŵɹһȷķǳĵλ
л塭
ȽЩĿף֪һӦøлľף
Ȼǻ´ģ˽֪ûһЩСŵҪȥġ
ȷǲ֪飬Щֻˡ
ײǲ֮ˣ˵Ҳ˵ˡ
ɻ⣿ԳƱڣҲֱӳƺΪʵ
ԼɣڻҪԺлĻҽһɣ
׿Ż䣬Ҫߵ̫á
ֻǵ˵⼸ֵʱ򣬻Ѿǳ׵Ĵˣ
Զ򣬾ĸڣ˵ھˡ
ֻǵĽįĽҲˡ
˵Լݣ뵽֮ǰľ䣬Ҳ׵ݡ
˿̣
ڤŷҲһƬȻһʱ䣬ڤŷҲľ֮̾




3684  ֱ
 

ڣ
ͻŸ޴޵𺳡
ֻλصĽһĸо
ڽ׵飬ܶ˶֪һЩ֪Ĳȫ
붫ʮֵĽ֮ǰһֱ۲Ŷơ
Ͼ⽣ڵmӵžһս
񣬽һεĸգʱĴĻ϶׵ġ
˭֮ǰѾǹ˳mأ
Ҳûκεİ취ǲ˳mĻʱҲű¾Σա
ײβһϢҲûУҲûκεİ취
˭Ҳû뵽ǣѰҪ̽ѰλȻԶ߽ǰ
оһǣһﾹȻΪ˾ŵµķ
⵽ʲô
оԼ۶ǰ˵߸ˡ
ô֮п϶һѾǱˣ
ڻ俴ŵӦǲܵģⱳmŴǾԵĺóġ
ⳤಢʮͻĽҲЩƵĿ˿ŵµôģ
ĪԼɫڳɣ
һźðײĪˣ
ԭǽʧʧ
俴ףҲǹֶױʾ˾⡣
˵ģܹ˶ݵʱ֮һͳȲѾǳ̫̫ˡ
ֻǻҲ֪ŷұӲΪȥǰһﲻŷұǰһҲ˵ء
ȻˣҲΪʲôһֱûһ㡣
ŷұӱmعˣǲݵľ棬׸ΪʵЩ˷˼
侭ƹȵ֮¾Ͳô˵ˡ
׻Ǿ˵ˡڸϻضЩҪǾʹ˱ɣ
ҲͬĹֱ֣˵Ļص
ЩĿźҪһЩŪ
׵ףǼżҲżһʱ̰ɣǾͽȥһ
˼Ҳ׵ģĻҲܵһˣ
ֻǸյڤڣͷ飬׶ڤʧȥձȤ
Ȼ˼Ĳȣϧնɱ𾳺ڵִԼĶӡ
һеһֻһ̶׶ڤڲôѡ
ձ࣬Ҳںһڤһڤˡ
׿źЩҲһȻô˵ˣ˵ӱҪ
׵Ļиоһۡ
ڤ´ڣ
ڤ䡢ѾǶһԡ
׵λŵǺס
ȻЩ׾Ȼһ㶼ǫλϣŵ¶ࡣ
˼ҾŵԼûκε壬ʲôҲ޼°

һҲǲ֪Ҫ˵ɶԥƬ֮ȿڵ
ֻոպֵʱѾԼʾ䲻Ҫ˵ˡ
һ㶣лҪ˵
ʵΣ׿Ż俪ʼѯʡ
俴˿һԵĺҲ֪׵Ǹʲô˼
ǵѯƺҲҪλҪʲô
Żʲôͻشʲôˡ
ǣŵ£乪ӦǣȻ׵ʵʵΣô˵أ֮ӦҪǿһϣ
ҲԼĽģȻ˵ʵҾöȽˡ
ŰҲЦŵ
Ҳ¶һ˿΢Цڶӣ֮以Ϥĳ̶ȡ
΢΢ͷðɣǽֱɣ
ֱ⣿
һεĿף֪νֱ⵽ʲô˼
һԵĺҲǵ˵챾ǰʵҲΪѯһ顭
ŵ£κֱӷԸɣһ˰
̬ŵĵȷǷǳĵͣ˵ҲŲ̡
·˵أҲ˳·ˣȻ֮ǰڤ뱾ʮֵʧǾڤһλᣡɵȻ
ŵ£ڴȫڤڵӸлһεȻʵ֪Ҫ
ڤԸֱ֧ޣ
׵һ仰ʯ쾪ֱӽڤһ˵߻ء




3685  ģ
 

ڤ´ڣ
ʱĴϿһ㣬׵һϯֱһԺܶɫˣ
֧
ޣ
ĵǸʲô
һô
ѲɴmҪ˲ɣ
һ̣䡢ܶ˶Ȧ״̬
֧ޣҲӦ֧mλɣ
ôھͳ֧ˣ
оԼԴЩˣǳ׵Ŀ׺ͺˡ
⻰˼ǡ
俴ף֮мŵı޵ɻ
һԵĻҲЩ̲סҪޣǡm
ؼҵγΪm֮ģһ㱾λ˭Ҫ
׵仰һεľǶҪսmˣ
ڤ˸оͷתĻǺ
Ҫ֪mľŵ£ѲҪԼ˹Լӣ
һòǻƣ֮ɳĺͿأ
ĪŮǼ޼漦޹湷ˣ
ĭ˼ҪƷڵm𣿡
Ʒ̸ϣֻûԭԼĶѣ
׵ĵûſľ
ԭԼĶ
mѲ֮ǰɣЦ
־ҲҴػߡȻmΪmľŵ£־Ϊޣϧף֪ΪΣ
֪ѹҲûʲôѡ
ΪڴֻԱȽƫһЩˣЩȻʵҲеģһ㶼̫ܴġ
෴ģЩԽǲܴǵΣԽǿ
ĽmԽܵӣԽǲ֡
ŵ£֪˵Щʲô俴źһεѵ
ЩŭȻ֪˵ʲôǣ㵽Ҫεľ񣿡
⡭ڤһ֧־ŵµģӦ֪ĺġֻ۵ݺ֮٣ʵڤڡ
ҲʮֵΣҲӵôڤڵӵġ
ΪһȻҲҪΪŵЩӸεġ
ο⽣ʵ̫һЩ
лֱ˵Ҫôµģ
ԥһҲҧҧȻ˵һҲֱԲˡ
롭׵˵
Ӧ֪m֮ǿٱǧֹȫԸֶ֧򣬿ɡʵЩˮн
˵ҲҪ˵ĻʵѹҲǲԵȰ
ҪڤڼӪ֮УһЩϣ
ѲɾͿǸŷұ
ŷұӾʵǿҲһսѰ
ڼȻmԿȻбڵĵ׵˵
ԱߣһΪŮվ˳Щ˰ɣ
ģݵú
пһ£ԼŮȻŭףҲƲѡ
ãòƢʮֵĻ𱬰ҲЦŵ
ʵϣ
֮ǰڤڹϵ֮˿¾ˡ
ֻһΪʱʵ̫æ˲δ档
ԭ´֮УɵææϹʱ򣬾׸Լ׵ϼԻ
Ҳǲܲ˵ֱվһס
ŵ밲ЩƤҾ
һЦˣɡղ˵ķǱɵԼ˵仰ˡ
ľϴˣҪ֪ⶫܹmģҲһŵ
俴ԼŮദټҪ֪׵ʲôʵ
ԣҲǺǳһԼŮ֮Ҳûκεˡ
˵ıͲ˵ˣֻ˵㣬λѡɣһѾȫ֧ˡ
ʲʲô򣿡һԾ°Ϳˡ
ųƴ޵ڶʵԲġ
򣡡Ҳǵ̫ˡ
ǡڶأ
ʵ֮Ѿ𾪲ѣһˡ
Ż˻δ£ͣһεķųһըԵϢڶ㣬ǱĴƼҡܼҡ˼ԼѾϤΪ׷ˡ
㣬ûһˣ
Ϊӵ֧ߣ˵һ㣬ǿ϶ǿλػߵδˡ
һʱ䣡
ڤڴ˹İ֮Уһο׵ʱǿɲ˼Ǹˡ




3686  һѾͷ
 

Ȧˣ
һڤڵĸ߲Ҳ˴֮У
˶ݵʱ֮ڣڵλѾǴﵽĵز
ļѾǹ˸о׵ˣ
Ĵļˣ˸оǲ˼ˡ
Ҫ֪Ĵڴ޾ռһصķġ
mҲʮֵĿ
֮ǰžŵºƼ峤ҪףǿѨ硣
ҲΪʲô֮ǰ̽Ե׵ǷƼҵ峤ġ
һͿԿóںܶ˵ӡ֮Ѿǰ϶ˡ
û뵽Ȼǽڵ׽ˡ
˲֪ΪʲôѡվԼ׵Ķ档
ĪΪһǱɣԼĸѾǲκεϣˣ
ʵϣ
֪ȫ̵ĻǾͲôˡ
Ҳһҡġ
ŵ£⡭ļٵİ
д֮ɫźҲһȦ״̬
һԵĻҲһ̾˵֮ǰû뵽ô̶̵ʱ֮ڣȻǿԮ룿ʵ˲Ű
Ųʵһļ֤ĴԼһЩ뽣ڵģһλ軳ɡ
˵ȻҲ̫Ҵŵġ
ԼҲĺܣǲŽڣǵ³Ҳõʲôطȥ
οŶ֮ҪսµĻ׵һλˡ
Ҳ𾪵Ŀ׵ѾӵʵҵȺղѰ
һιΪڤЩάĻġǶͲҪ˷ʱˡ
Ż䣬ҲЩͷ˵
Цһŵ£仹еѡ𣿡
ӭڤڼҽڣİɣ뱾ڲڤڵĩգпڤͻҵһҲ˵أ
׷ϻ˵СҲ⡣
Լܲ
οҲһʵЩǡˡ
ĳݼԺЯ
ҲһʶʱˣĻղͲᵱϵȥնɱ׸ˡ
ʱƣҲһҪӵеļܡ
ûѡĻԸѡһ͡
ھŵѾˣٲվӵĻԺվӵĻᶼûˡ
׺ͺܿ뿪򣬴˷֮ҲвСһջˡ
׺ͺȥıӰ
üͷһԵĻĿԼĸףҲЦǺǵʵ״ˣȻѾѡˣΪλü
ģغڤڵδ˵Ϊܲü
俴ԼŮҲ΢΢һ̾
һԵĻҲǵǰһεѡȷǹغڤڵδɹڤڻٳ߸ͷһʧܣڤڵ³¾ǻҷˣ
Σһεʵ
ЩĿԼŮʵģôģ
ôģȵһ㣬ŵʲôŸ״˺͸λ岮ӦҲ֪İɣܹŵµˣǵ֮
ĿԼĸףҲ˵
Щ˵ȥ
ԼŮۣҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
ȷ
۹һֱĸߵģܹóϷˣǾǵС
Цŵ״ˣžŵµ۹⣬ĴϺ꣬ô׵ĴӦһˣҹ˳أղһʵѾǱĸ˸״ˡ
һﾪ˰
Ȼ俪Цǰ·Ȼ
һڤڵĸ߲һҲ¶˾ΥЦݣƺղ̫ںʧܶ򵥵ȴûп
˵ĶԣĴ嶼ܶĵڤôĲأοҴػߣһڼҵȵļ룬ʱһӦ𣿡
Ҳ̾һȻղҲţǼˡ
Žںʵȴ˸ղź˵׵ݡ
⣬ĻҪ˵һ㣬ڤеѡ𣿼ȻûѡлΪ°֧ߣǺֶΪأ
ĵһֱû亹ֱð
һСﶼܹ⣬ǾȻˣ
ʱһָԼһƵֳ嶯
ԼȻԼѾͷ
һʱ䣡
ڤ´ҲǽĻЦ
˿̵׺ͺҲǳŶķ򼲳۶ȥ
ֻ׺ͺ֪ǣΪղ׵ݺͼ˵飬ȴ˸ǶĴˡ




3687  򾪱
 

ĳأ
׺ͺ̤붫һ̣ƺоһ֡
ʲôһ㣡
ѹֵϢһϢĸо
ףƺովһսδɢȥ
ףҲü
׵Ŀһ˿Ǻ񣬶Ѿ˶Զˣ
ǡ
ɫһף֪пܵӦþԼĸˡ
ٴγ
m˵Ǿһ裡
ԼĸӦò鷢ġ
ֻǺû뵽ǣԼʱ׵ϣΪʲôԼĸȫȻԼİΣֱӾͶԶأ
ʮа˾ţ붫ĲǺԶǰһĹӦþ̫Žڵĵˣ
׶ʮֵϤֻʵû뵽Լ뿪һλعʱ򣬾ȻѾһǧٿ׵Ķˣ
񾿾Σ׻δ֪
뽣ʱʱ䣬Ҫȵ̫Žڿô£
ףԡԲ𡭡
˿̿ףлǴһ˿ǸȻ
Ȼ֪ԼûκεĹϵϾԼĸײ
лŵʱҪԼĸ飬Ժܿ
¸ûκεĹϵ֮ǰҲδ˵֮°
ЩüĿźȻҲЩ֡
Ƕķ˴µĻôӦ֪İ
֪ûü˵ΪǵĳЩ˷ҲпܵġߵҲʮֵż
ߣ
׸˵ĹѾ̫ŽڲԶ֮أ
˿̣
̫ŽڵŷһƬȻ֪浽׷ʲô飬ǹ̫Žڲԫϱڣ֤֮ǰĲң
λʲôҪô
׺ͺո̤̫Žڷеһ˲䣬İӰѾΧסǡ
⼸ʵʾ֮ϣʵ֮ΧеĽӴⱾͲһʲôͷˡ
ף֮ǰ̫ŽڷеʱƺӰ
׿ǰļˣҲǺʵ
λʿΪһ˿ȥЩЦصʵ
ڤڣ
붼û룬ֱӵ
ԭڤڵˣˣǿԳȥˡ
ԭһЦ֮һӱȻҲֱ´
׳ҵ·̫ŽҲǷˣҪڴ˵ЪЪţ⻹гŲģ̫ŽҲ̫Ե˰ɣΪڤڵ˺۸ɣ
ӴǣСӣΪڤڵ˾ţˣʶĸϽǹ
һڤڵģ̬Ȼʮֵš
˵·Ҳüǲ̫Žڵˣˮ̲ˣ
ˮǶ򱱷һĽ
˵֮ҪǿһֹĻôˮ֮Ҳǿһֹˣ
ǿʶ֪ĶǳĶࡣ
ҪǣļʶҲʮֵĹ㣬ˮҲȥüˡ
飬֪Ĳ
ʵһʼδӦĹΪֻǸоŵ·ЩϤ
ֻǸղ˷ŭ֮ʣ·ڲ¶һ˿ˮƵʱ֪˵ݡ
ǣ椻ЩʶȻǱ̲ˣȻ֪ǵݣǾ͸Ͻɣ
˿׺ͺҲʮֵĲ
λɷһ˵
׵жһöƷһʾǿ˵Ҳһջ󰡡
ȻⷨǺܶʵĺܡ
СӻͦʶǴԶĴڤܹҲǲףǰÿһ¥ǵȥ̸̸ɡ
ǸЦص֮ˣһתѾʼ׺ͺˣ
˻ɫʲôҲȤȤǺܴ
ʲôöĻǹƾҪˡ
磡
ΪʲôֵĻŮԲŵһġ
ŵһԶԴ˵ĵر
ֻǸոս¥֮У
δʲô£һεĻͷȴָԼǰѾǳ׵ıһ̯Ѫˮ
Ϣ֮䣡
׵ĽѾǽǼ˵
ʱڿԭ׺ͺǼһѾ˫ЩĿһӲ֪˵ʲôˡ
һƬռ䱻˵գ־һӾ˶㡣
ֻһλĻᣬаأ³ԲǺã
׵ݱ˪һƬ
Ҫ֪ⶫ򾿾ʲôĻֱǰһˣ




3688  ĴΧ
 

̫齣ŷĳ¥ڣ
˿̵̫齣ڷѾһƬǵļ˿ȥҲʮֵĲѺá
Щ˿һ˴׺ͺǼҾ¥֮УҲֻЦָָ֮Ҳûģ
ֻǲ֪Ǽ˽ȥ֮ԶҲǳˡ
ϡұ̲ڤԹ޳
˿֮͸һӱɱҲǶ
ղŸŵļ˲䱻ɱҲǺ󼹷
Ҫ֪Ǽ˵ʵȻԼǲҲǺܴ
˼ܹϢ֮նɱ⼸ˣʵ𾳼ˡ
˾ȻԴﵽ𾳼
ǰ֮˵ͷӿһɾĸо
ǿ߳ɳ
ֻû£ǿԳѡ
ǱǱˣ
ǰ˲壿
׿˵ʲô
Сˮִ̲
ҲʵĻش֪ش˻һشǿ϶ˡ
ȻҲ֪ԼûĿԡ
ʱѾûеѡˡ
ˮһ˿ɫʵһεĴ뵽ĶеΪλ̫齣ڣ
ҵǷ֮ǰΧ˶ġ
Ϊ׾Ƕ֮ˣΪڤڵġ
ԣҲν˵š
֪׵ݣҪˡ
üͷһˮһǾˮˮɣΪλͻȻ򣿡
⡭Сʵǲ֪飬һιĿɲֻˮĸȫ͹򡣡
Ҳʵʵ˵ҲûκεıҪ
ΪҸѯһ£Ҳ֪ˡ
һԵĺʵⷲӦиɣǵıǲָʹ
ȻҵǽmָǰġҵĴͷӣܽҲС
׺ͺһε˵
Ȼmڱ׳
εף顭
û˿Ĺϵ㲻һֱ𡣡׵˵
࣡
ֵʱĺЩȻķˡ
׽ף
ǺΪһںˡ
֣ͫҲȻһҲǸɵӡ
֡ףɴ۾Щֵʵ
ǣʶң׵ķʵ
Լ촽ȻĪǽף
Σ׿Ŀ֮нâ˸
ĸһҲòǰˡ
ֻû뵽֮ˣȻĴ򼯽Ҫץˡ
⿴ȥǲ̫ʦ˰
Ǳ㣬ʱڡ
̾һСĻش벻شʲôأҶһ𣿡
㵹ǿͦ˵
ҵùһ۵ϣҲĳˣ
ףҲ֪ˣҲǰڳһηӡ
˵㻰ֻҪش˱ڵ⣬Ȼɱ㣡׿Ҳǳ
˵ʵ
˵˵ν顣
ĭʰɡ
̫齣׿ʵ
΢΢ҡͷԼһɺѾǱλֿƣϹȥĻǻлĿԡ
طأ׿Ҳһεʵ
һֻжΧܵ˲ȵҵȴٽʱѾϤ˽ڲĴּᣬΧˮйͨĳȰһ䣬ܻܰɡ
ܣڵĵ̣Ǳôȥأ׵֮гŭm֮ԼĻҪ
ԭ׿һʱӦòᱻ
Щ͹mԽɱľġ
滹һؾǺԼ˼Ůˣⴥmλĵˡ
֡Ȼɽӣĳ
˿̿ҪȥҲǰͲء
Ȼˣһеǰǽˣ
Ƚ̫齣֮˾˵ԽڵĻڴڼλһʱӦҲûʲô⣡
׿źҲǵ
Ͱ͵ĿŶףһþֱӶˡ
ֻǵ׺ͺʧǰʱҲŵһƨ˵ϣ
ܿ죬㳯̫齣ڵķ򼲳۶ȥ
Ȼˣ
ɲʲôɵӣǱҲõһᡣ
һʲôأ
ԼղŲһΣô᷸ɵڶأ
Ȼ˿̣
̫齣ڣһ¾ڡġš




3689  ı
 

һֵ˭ˣ
̫齣㳡ĵطһҡΣ
ҡ֮ϣһӣһԻмŮʱʱĽһЩζˮĿС
ӱĿ񣬺ʮֵܡ
ֻһڣһԱ˵ͷվһԵһǸ椰
椣
Ǹ֮Ϊ֮ˣǻԼ˫ۡ
һ̣
Ŀ˶̫齣ڷεһλŮϡ
ŮӲǱˣ֮ǰй֮Ե׿ı
˿̣
׿ıдŭһ̫齣ڵĸ߲㱻֮УҲ۵Բһģ
ȻĲλϸĴһ׿ıĿ֮Ҳ͸һӰռϢ
ҪɱҪϤ㣡
׿ıǸˣҲŭһ
Ƣͦ𱬣֪ǲڴҲôأ
˵ˮ̲ˮҢ
ˮҢһǸӵܣ
Ȼˣ竵ıҲΪűǿ֧š
̲ˮǵλڤڼһģһĴڡ
ټˮʵ֮Ҫǿ٣ˮҢӵŵʱˡ
˷
̲һվ̫齣ڣ
ǵʵ̫齣ڲǷַӵ顣
Ѿǹռ̫齣ڣˮҢ˺ɫ֮⣬һİãǱֿ˿ĸо
̫齣ڣնɱʾϸ֣벻°ˣ
Щʾ֮µˣûɶ£
׿ıʱˮҢҲһڵЩˮ֮˵ҹҶ򣬵ʱǿɲҪڣ
ڣĴʵûк֣
ˮҢĴҡվҲǳ׿ıķ˹ȥ
ı
ǵ˴˿̱ҲһĽΣ
ˮʵ̫ǿ󣬼Դݹֱ֮ӽ̫齣ڸˡ
ѾǳΪ׸⣡
׿ıųǣҲǳųǵ˵ķӸлԼλʦ弰ʦֵܵĹգıҲ޿衣
ıһᱨģ
ǲδֹ׿ı֪ʵ׿ıʮֵĸҡ
Բܵģ
׿ıһЦˣһıΪת棬ٲ˵ûлˡ
£
ǿԼİͽܣҲζ
ȻҲ֪Լ»ˣ׿ı̫齣ڵ˵ʱȻϢȥ
ֻʱԼͽܵҪ˵ʲôأ
ˮҢʱҲפЩζĿ׿ıŮ˵ȷʮֵζ
Ҳڶһȣеʱ䣡
ĴͬʱΧⶫĸžǲҲӵġ

ǲǲϵѹսȻȴŶλʧĽ׶ѣ
˭Ҳ֪һﵽʲôʱ
ҲģҲ̫齣ڴɱ䣬Ȼ׼ƷƷŮζ
Ȼʱ
˵ע׿ıϣ˭Ҳû뵽һƬ֮жһŮ
̫齣ڵĻڴѾǱƣ׺ͺ̫齣ڸûзκε
ֻǵ׺ͺ̫齣ڵһ̣׿ı˸
ԭմǰ׿ı׿ıĻҲЩ
׿ıųǣҲһЦıһʦ֮⣬ֻһˣɽʱ򵽺ڶᣬһоڤڤ֮עһ㡭
ǿ˿׿ıҲЩ㵣ԼͽܾȻѡʱбף
ı˵ʵѾ֪ˡ
׿ıϴһ˿۵ЦݵʦתıϣԵ˵һϲ
ûǸӰ
ˮҢû뵽ʱȻȻףԭƺЩ̫ˣ
һߣ
׺ͺҲЩȻĿ׿ıЩɵĿ׵˵ɣһﻹܻͦӭ
٣֪Ƕô˰ɣҲǰ뿪Ц˵
ֻһ̣
һο̲ǰ˵ʱѾǳ׵ıˣ
׿ıͻȻףҲЩж
˵ŮĵֿУȻҲ֪զˡ
Ҫ˵׿ıûио׿ԼƭԼģ
ȻҲ֪뷨ʵ޳֮ԼߵŮ̫̫ˡ
ȻǸӣǱΪԵλúõһ
ˮҢŶ׿ıҲ¶һ˿Ц
׿ıɫһ䣬׼ԱһȴԼϢѾǱһԵļλͬʱסˣ
ˮҢٺһЦ֪ҪһУֻϧʧˡ
㡭޳ܱ
׿ı뵽˾֮УԭҪû뵽ˣ
ΪҪ͵һϷʱ
һɰѹ̼Ϯ̫齣ڣһ̣׿ıѾǱһ˱˻С




3690  ̲
 

̫齣ڣ
׿ıһʧʱһɸǿ֮˲ϯȫ
׿ıһ˫۵ʱΪԼξ֮һ㣡
ף
׿ı˼ҹˣһ̾·һ㣬Ӿ֮пһ˿ϣ
ֻ׿ıոռôһᣬ˱һεĵ
˷ĴΧ磡
ԭͲʲôǿĽĴ֣ǽأ
׿ı֮ǰϣܹˮ֮С
ȴֲϣ׻Ϊһ׻Σء
Լİ˻ǻԼˡ
ղˮҢסԼһ̣׿ıһȴ˵У
׻׿ıôܹأ
׿ıһ̫齣ǵҲĿס
ףǱĵûǴһƬڰ֮У
㡭ˣ
׿ıһ̣ɫȻ͸һ˿顣
ղ֮µһףȻ򵥣ȴʮֵʹ飡
׿׿ıЦŵıˡ
ţ
׿ıݺݵĵͷһο׵ʱҲǳϣ
Ǹޱŵֻˣ
ǵ˱Ѻ֮Уǿ׾Щݺᡣ
ٴǳڣδôһһ˵ĳ֡
ǡʵʱǵǰּƵġ
ֻǳǵ˻δ˵ˮҢɫѾǳ׵ıˣ
ôҲû뵽Ǳ̲µ̫齣ڣȻ˸ҵԼϵŮˣ
ˮҢĿ΢ߣˮ̲£Ǻˣ
ҶˮûκεĳԹȽٶȴڴһкǾˣ
׻Ľ׿ı£Ҳһ˿Ц
Ǻܻװ氡ҵҪкΪ˭һλᣬԼԲðɣ
ˮҢһϰˣ˵ļҲǷǳĴ
˿ɣ
ˮҢԱߣһ߿ŶףҲü
ɣڿΣһëͷСӶѣҵȴѹһСɣ
ˮҢʮֲĿһԵλߣΪλһֳ־Լĸо
λ߿ȥЩΣϾΪһ𾳺ڵǿߣˮҢ˵ĺǳ⣬ȻЩҲסġ
Ʊǿ
ˮҢǱ̲Ϊ۰ĶӣҲΪһ̲Ĳѡ
ˣʵλҪǿҲҵﲻǣ
λ¶һ˿εЦݵԼǣΪСʻ괬
ߣ·ĵԽԽСˣ һ̲̤ƽ㻹Ҫ¶ģ
ˮҢüһ·Ҳɵ
·ı۾Ҳǲ˵ˣһԻ׼ʮλ񿴵ȾҲǲԸûȤˡ
ʵܶ˵뷨ˮҢһӵģǾǰһļһôܶǹʲôвأ
һûκεĺֵĻôǼһһĭܹǰһˡ
䣡
ˮҢ֮ʣ
ֱӱһƣϵĺöʵ̫ˡ
ȻǰʷǳĲȴҲǵ͵סĽâ
Ȼˣ
ǵ˲ûдʵǵΪʱԵıĳҩѹסˡ
ûнҩĻôҪָΪǾͱҪȵʱ䵽˲У
⵱ȻҲѲ׵ģΪ߻һⶾ֣ľ
ѰһЩҩڻľУǲСƶѣ
ųǵֱӴ֮ѳһ͵ģ
ˮҢһԵλ··㲻˵ҩ˫һ֮ǲָܻ𣿡
⡭ȷǰⶫǻؽйãǵһʦľƵĺö
·ˮҢҲд˲֮ɫ
Ҫ֪ɲһҩȴȫܲҩʲôط
ˮҢһ·ŭȵһȺ
˵Ҷ̶ؿ϶ʲôֵġ·ȻǾְġ
ˮҢ˿̵ĿѾ׵ϣǷ˺ϡ
˵ģò֮׿ıǸʤһְ
Ʒ
ˮҢ۷Ź⣬ﻹõ·Ȱ裿
ವһ£
ֱӳ׵ķɱ
츳ҲǲͣӦǸո̤𾳲ãȻϢȶɺôҲǿˡ
·ΪʲôֻȰ裬ûǿе
ΪˮҢʵǿԵ
ֻһ̣̫齣Ѿǳ׵ļž




3691  ͽ
 

̫齣ڹ㳡룡
ˮҢ߻ƵŮһʱҲɫĴ
ټոͻ𾳣ʮֵͣ·綼Ҳһ㣡
˵ʵ
ˮҢȻ츳Ҳô£
ͳɾ𾳵˲֮һǴһȦĸо
ټԱ̲ǼΪʵԴ࣬ҳǿҲˡ
ˮҢзâ׵ķϮɱȥ
·ֻԵֹһ£Ȼ㿪ʼ׼ˡ
һ룡
·Ӷˣ
ʯ֮䣡
ˮҢѾǱնһۣȻ˵ĵҲǱεĸˣ
ֻҪκε춯׿Ա֤ڱ˵֮ǰһˣ

·ʮλǿһҲǳȥֱӽ׵Χס
ֻȴǰ벽ˣ
׿·ˣ˵ǲһĻλøԶһ㣬ڵһһСɾˣ
㵽ʲôˣ֪ץ˭
·վ׵Ķ棬ҲЩľʵ
һˮҢ£˿¶Ѵ̵ģλ·ĽҲֻлˣ
Ϊһλ𾳺ڵǿߣλ·ȻϣԼˣ
ټһεȷռ˼ƣһģʵҲ涪ĸо
ҽڵĵ̣ǲ֣ǶԲˣ
һҲ˵Լݣ˵˵Ҳνġ
ֻڣ̫齣ڶֶѣ
㡭ף
ˮҢŭףǰҲЩ
׵ĿһˮҢǱ̲ǵΪȻҵҶĵƣ
ֵģʶϽҷˣĻұ̲ȻѪϴ򣡣
ˮҢ֪ԼѾ·һˣ
ˮҢЦһЩҲ˵ĻףҪһϻˣ
̲ڣ
׿Ŷ·Ҳǵʵ
˴˿ڽڹ·˵Щġ
΢΢һЦǣǱڵҪȥһˣ
Ǽ
·ף֮һ˿İľ˵һǧ˰ٰ
ףˮҢ·Ҳ·һˣ
Ҫ׿·Ҳ¶һ˿ζЦݡ
·̵κεᣡ
İɣڱûȥ֮ǰһúõġֻλʲô춯ĻǿɾͲҪֱˣ
׿·˴ģҲ¶һ˿޵Цݵ
֡ģҵȾԲԽ׳ذ벽
·ʾ˶ˣֻҪˮҢܹżԼĹˣͺðˣ
·һζãʱ˹ô죿
·ԣҲЩ̫
·һλ˭Ըеķգ𲻽óָȨ
⡭
ЩĬĿ·һʱҲЩΡ
һߣ
ǿҲǼ˵Ӧüֲ˶೤ʱˣ
ڵĻڴԣӦòڡ
׵ǲ˵ųҲʮֵš
ͽ
׵ĻҲֱ˵
һ㶣漴ɫһͽ˭
ʵϣ
ѹҲû뵽ⶫȻͽ˵ʵ˶ǼΪεˣ
ǳƵ̾һ˿²һʶҲǴʮ֮һѪң
ңô֪
׶Ǹ˻Щӡģ֮ǰڽڵʱҲй
ֻû뵽̶̵ô쾹Ȼô顣
mȻҲӲֱܵӹ˽ڡ
ȻˣһҲһ£
һ̫齣˻ûжãҵۿˮҢֱһͷġڴӦĴƻڴһڲƻĻ֪
ǿףҲΪǵ˵
һԵ׿ıЩɲҪ嶯һȥ˽ڣʱͳˡ
ڻԼʲôزõģ
׳׿ıŵЦЦ׿ıһһִĿ
ʵȴ˻⼸ǲܵ鰡
׿ı˻عʱȴϵˮҢŽڵķֱʧˡ




3692  ȡĽ
 

̫齣ڣ
ǵ˻ڵΪһпȥʵ̫ͻȻˣ
ȥ˰ɣ
⽣ѾǱĴĳΧˮйͨȥҲǸ
֪ĵ
ǸϽȥҲøһ𣡡
һȺ۷׷ף
ʱ·ѾǶ̫齣ڵûκεȤ
ΨһϣľܹŽˮҢǱ̲ĸǰ
Ҳֻ·˻ܹһ
Ļʱһ˹ǿǿﲻġ
·ڱ̲ĵλǲģȵλ˷ĻǿɾͲ˵ˡ
˿̣
·Ѿû˼ڶԳǵЩʲôˣֱӳʧķȥ
ڣ
ʵԭĽѾˣֻ֮¶Žɡ
⽣ѾΪҫ۵ˡ
ȻˣǸһЩȣ⽣ԵҲʮֵĺᡣ
ڣ
ŷұӵɫʮֵѿо⻤ڴѾЩϦĸоˣ
¡
ŷұӸǰʯѾǱĵķ飡
ң˸
ŷұΪһǫͣһ綼ǹϵġ
ܶ˼ûмŷұӷƢһλĽƢЩˡ
ҸոսƿһۣȻӳȥˣ
ѪĺһҲɫ൱ѿ
ңǺӽԶҲһΡ
ֶܼã
ŷұӿſĳĺҲǵʵ
ҵǵûƵĻٿԼְ굽һʱ䣬һƣǴý㣬Ԥʱ䣬϶ˣ
ĺĻ˳ţĴĸһЩڽӵ˼ˡ
֪mΪʲôͻȻҽڣĪδϢmλ߳ŭˣ
ңһҲƵ˵ǽδmӦҲôʦڰɣ
ԶҲɻ˵mȻΪδֱӶֵģӦûԭ򡣡
ŷұmǱӵĺܣһССĶҲֵĴΧ
˲ڣӦô죿
ĺŷұӣҿŷұ򣬷ĻǻĲ֪ôźأ
λʱ򣬿˵˵ûκε塣Ψһİ취Ǳͼ֮ʱɽ𣡡
ŷұӿųĺˣҲǳ
һеģֻĴΧҵȾҪߣҲǲܵ鰡
ңŷұӵĻҲ΢΢һ̾
Ȼŷұ˵ĺʵڣھҪӣҲ쳣ѡ
οӾܹӵĵ
ŷұӵһһɣûκε塣ڵһС
У
ĺԭһƬҵȼһ˿ϣ
ŷұӵһЦνҲ˭ȻҪֻҪܹȫھûǿԵģ
࣡
˶ŷұӣǵ֮г˲˼飡
ҪԼǵһ

ٶóĺһݺᣬʱŷұӾȻд˵׳٣ʵܿɹ
˵֮˱壬ǻҪ˰
ôҵȺհĺҲɫһ
ŷұӵ˵֮ԻȡλҲˡοҲֻԳһ˿ԣ
ŷұ˵ĲǼٻЩ֮УҲֻнȺˣ
ˣȥ˲ͻᱻܧûĴ֮С
һԵңҪҵһҪҵһ
ɣ
ŷұӿңҲŭһ
ĺ̵Ϣŭ
ŷұңͽףӦѾǻһgˣﻹʸվߣ˴˵ʱ̣Ҳʦͽˡ
ĺ˻Ŀᣬ֪ŷұôȫΪ룬ԼԼѾ֮ˡ
ˣȻѾһֻܹ䲻ˣ
ŷұ֣µ˵ƺѾʲô
˼ǡ
ĺЩĿŷұӣҲǵʵ
ôȥĻһԸȻƴһʱǽľ군ˣˣ񡭡
ŷұӵĿ֮дһ˿ļᶨѾ˿׼
ֻǴ˿̣֪Ѿǵˣ




3693  ε
 

⣡
ˮ򡢷Ĵĵżüһã
ˮı̲֮⣬ıڡϼȡķҲһιţ
ЩÿһΪǿţ
̲ˮԡФϼȹβȻĸ˷ֱķ
˿̣
ĸ˼˽ɽ֮⣬Ҳ̸Ц
һԵλӣȻǲѪڵң
ңҲǶλͽҲЩҲ
ʵϣ
һʼ뱳Ѷ򣬿ɺѾûа취ˣ
ʱѪڵĴΧ׷½صʱΪڻ֮˵ĳˣȻȻԼļ
ҽѣļǱĴ˸׽ˡ
ԭҪֱӽ뽣ֻ
뵽Լļ֮оʲôûзһ㣡
ٺ۷˻ȥ
ֻǵһεĻȥʱȴˮҢ˵Ȧף
ˮҢҵһطȻļ˿ʼбĿ̣һЩĿ̷鲻ѡ
Ȳ֮£
մӦˮҢѶʵеĺ̫ܶ齣ڵ˸֪
󿴵ͶУʵѾˡ
ˮһװ
ФʱˮԣҲһ˿Цݵ
⻹治ǱڵĹͣڵǸĶӵǶԴЩˣ
ˮԶԼǸʮֵͣΪԼ鲻ֶΣʱ
ˮԿԽԽܹ£
ֶΣôܳΪ̲Ĺأ
ԼˮҢԼʮֵĶθڵġ
ϼȹβȻһЦҢ⺢ӵĳϢԺ»Ҫˮ֮ϰ
ҲǹһֵڻŵģֶαҲЩ
λɲҪɱСҢ⻹ȻҪһδܹСҲǲһ˰
ˮ⻰˵ľЩǫˣˮҢܹýڵĻڴ֮ƿѾǼĹˡ
һԵФֻôƿڵĻڴֵļһϢ²һܻ˰
ҵȽӵָɾǲڲڶ֮˿ɲҵȵĹϽΧ֮ڡ
һЩ˵⻰ȷǷǳе
ˮЦŵֻҪܹԼһʱֵĲΣһܹʲô˲ɣ
ˮԼǣ֮ڿҲǽŷұӵһܶѡݲѪ˵ŷұӾڽڡץסնɱŷұӵĹͿ²ץסֵҪСɣ
Фһ֣ƺҲ뿪ˡ

ˮһεĽͷתߣʱޱĿˮԡ
ҳˮ鱾ѾˣǶŵԵʱˣ
αżһʱأ˵ˣɻлͷ·𣿡
ˮԿЦеģʵһЦ滢
˵ֶˮܱ߽Ҳǳģ˵㻰ǲǼҳ㷹ѣ
ˮʲô˼
üͷһЩըëˡ
ˮЦһôΪһͽһЩľû𣿡
ˮԣ㡭ô
ʵѾǵ˱ߵıԵˣһֱš
ʵϣ
ϣϽ飬ȻԼļԶ߸߷ɣҲһ̬ˣ
û뵽ǣԼǵûеõԼҪĽȴ˵һ
ھˣǲԱԼڱٽһ񣬽пܵĳڶ߱ڣļ˻ԻȥδҲԽ
ˮһεĿңһǺƭСĻһ㣡
ʵҲֻСŻϵ
ҹΪһôܻأ
֪ˮԾԲ˵㻰ġ
ˮͱˣԭѹֵһŭ𳹵׵ȼˡ
˵ˮڵȷ˶Բڵ飬ǱҲģ
ŶͦӲİֻϧڲԭˡڻеѡ𣿡
ˮԾôֱĿңϳŵЦݡ
˷ǲľ飿һʱ֮ɴ챾ھԼֲԼĹɣ
ˮԵһҵĻǱܵĸоЩã
һ룡
ҵĽѾǳ׵ıֱӺˮԵˣ
ͬʱ
ڵĻڴһֱʧһ̶סˣ




3694  ǿӲĽ
 

䣡
Ҷ֮ʣڵĻڴʧ֮У
ŷұһһ󵨵ľ
ǱǳĴ֮δȵʱҪͨȳ䲻ýڵ˵!
һӳ˵ķȦʱڲпܱ¸
ֻŷұӲδ뵽Ĵ֮Ҳɵӣôûó׼أ
ͻȻ֮ĶƺҲˮԵ˵֮С
ֻǶݵ֮󣬱ֱӽһƺ
λͬʱ֣ʯƾģ
ۣ
Ҽͬʱܵ˼ĹֱһѪ
ŷұӵ˳ˮԴһӣռƺһ̱ˣ
󣡣
һεѾˣֱӷһƬ򣡣
ڸոճŷұӵ˻δվȣǾͷѾǱһƬ֮У
ŷұӻδü֣͸о˲
һﾹȻm󡭡
ĺҲǶЩ˽ģ˿ǵҲЩľ˵
ŷұɫüϵˣ
һûбѵĻһ㡣ȫסǵʱˡ
ңһҲ̾һ֪һο߲ˡ
ҶԲס㣡
̱ڵϣҲǳŷұӵķȥ
ŷұӳң鱾֪һЩˣҲȫ㡣
㾹Ȼԭ
ңЩһ˵ȻΪһһʱ֮ڶˡ
Ļڼָһصģ˵˻ع飬н֮
Ӧûʱ򼴱ǸϻҲˡ
ŷұӵ˵ˣԭ²ԭʲôأλ޶裬Ҳпôɡ
Ҹ
ЩԼ飬û뵽Ȼûô
뵽ˮһǳӶˡ
ǵʱԼ޻ع齣ڵĻԼļ˻ңٽʱԱȫ
ˮԵ˴˿̿ңҲЦһǰȱŵҲǿϵġǽǰʲеĻҾλã
еˮΪҵȻô𣿡
ŷұĿ֮͸һӰˮ
ǰһǰǰҲ֪Ҫĵɣвףôˣǿϧˣ
ˮԿΧڵһ˵ȣҲЦһ
ٲãˣٿɱһˣӣ
ŷұӰ©ɨһȭˮԡФˣ
һһ
ƣˮԵʶĳˣ
ʵ˵ʵǶУΨʵǸѲ
Ȼ֪Լ¹һˣⷴһƵ̬ˣ
ҵ֣㲻κεĻġֻҪԸ⣬mԲİ
ˮһתҲЦŶŷұӵ
ŷұӵȻһЦҪô֮ǰͿԣ
ô˵ǰĵҪҵȶˣˮԿŷұӣ沿Ҳ𽥱ı䡣
ĺͽֵĻǼпΣհ
ʵΣǸϣΣճ֣
һԵķ˵ˮŷұڹҵսأǿɲ
˼ǡˮԿһԵķʵ
˳ڵ˼ǣҵĴÿɳλ𾳺ڵǿߣλ𾳺ڵǿ߼ǳսŷұӽҲùߣ
֮ҵֻҪס⽣֮˾ˣ
ФһҲƵƵͷ
ֻҪðգʧһλ𾳺ڵǿΣ
ܺùԼȥɣ
ǱΪһ֮ȻǿȡԼĹңڻ֮
ŷұû뵽˾Ȼ˵޳ܣ
ʵϣ
ĸ˵ʵһ𣬾ǿնɱŷұˡ
ν˫ȭѵ֣ŷұǴﵽ羳Ļ⼸˻ĲĶ֡
ڵŷұӾ羳һĤȻҲи羳ǿһսʵվǰ羳
ߣŷұӣˣſ֮ҵ˵ûκε塣
ˮƺŷұ˵ʲôǶһ֮ʲô黹˵

ĺ˿ŷұһһǵĸǰҲʮֵʹ࣡
ȵĸоʵЩ̫ˡ
ϣץġ
ˮһ£λǿֱӽŷұӸΧ




3695  Χŷұ
 

ɽ֮ǰ
һɱ֮ϯڣֻǴʱĽһƬ
ڸոճãû뵽˵Σ
úܶ˶Ǿһĩٵĸо
ԭΪ⽣ٿһʱڷչ׳
ôҲû뵽ⷢչûзչأѾǱ˸ǲˡ
mֵٶ֮죬ʵ벻
ŽλֱΧɽ֮ǰڵеһҲѾ˸׼
ĺңȻҪȥŷұӣѾǱˮԵ˸סˣ
ˮԵʱҲûжնɱң˵Ĵ㣬еעŷұӵϣ
ݣ
֮УѾֱ
˵ĽûκεĹ
콣ڿռ֮һܲ͸Ƿ·Ҫһ㣡
ŷұĿ΢ǷһĲм
ܿ죡
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Ѱ֮ˣѾĲˣ
˭ǽ񣡣
潣Ҳڼˣ
һһֵĳƺûκεͣЪŷұҪػɱѹƵ̫
ʱ䣬һֱڶţ
ֹмһģ˴ĺܻ
Ǹŷұһ˿ϢĻĻ¾Ͳһˡ
񵽵ǽ񰡣𾳺ڵʵսҵŰλ𾳺ڵĸ֣Ȼ˵Ĵݣ
Ф˿Ҳǲò˵
һԵϼȹβȻҲǐԼĺܹ羳mӲˣʵǲ򵥰
ƺڵȴһᣬ˸֮Ҫù˰Ϳ˭ˣ
˿ŶβȻˣ沿һ˿ı
ˮԳһûУҲʵ
ܹ׽ĻmǱߵĽǷǳġ
ФҲЩ۷Ź˵ȻmĽҲһ޴ջ
λȵһҵȾͿԳˣ
ˮԿΧˣҲǵ˵
׽ŷұҵǲĻŶmҲýФҲƵƵͷ
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ڽϿգշ˺һ㣡
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ֻĺܾûȿ񱩵Ľɱˣ
ԭЩŷұӵǿһ̸оһͷƤ飬ǵͫҲȻһ
֮ǰǰ̱˺ˣֻʱѾЩˣ
䣡
䣡
һ죬ܿһĽŷұӵ֣߳
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ˮԵ˵һǵһҲǲһ
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ʣµĸ֮оֵģɼǸղжôĿ־ˣ
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ȻȥǷ棬ʵ˶Կó½ƣУ
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˴ʱЦͲҪװβˡʵҵ֪һĴ룬Ϊ㻹ղһô
Լǣ־ܣԼհˮҲЦŵ
ŷұЦһҪץģھ㣬Ҳ޿ö裡
ɲˣ
ˮԵͻȻ֮һЩĩֱӳŷұӵķ˹ȥ
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֮ǰ̫齣ڵʱ򣬳ǵ˾Ǳȵҩסġ
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޳ܣ
ŷұŭһֻоԼ𽥵ʧɫѾǱˣ
ڿҪץסˣ
ˮԻĳŽķ˹ȥŷұôƺȥûκεЧ
ֻǾˮ׼ץסŷұӵһ̣һǿƺǰֱӽŷұӸ£
һĻ
˶ˡ




3696  
 

ץסŷұӣ
ǵռĿ꣬ףˮԵ˿Ҳֻܹڵڶ
Ϊ˶Ϊ׵ļһǽֲһܶѣ
ֻû뵽ǣ׾ȻһεĴػߣ
ȵλm֪֮Ļ¾ͲĴ۵ˡ
ֻϧǣ
ܶʱֻһΣҲʹˣ
ˮҢŽڵķ뽣ɽ֮ǰʱԼʦһҪ˶֣
鼱֮£
ֱӽˮҢ˦ĺֱƿˮԵķԼʦ
ֻǵ׳ֵһ̣ŷұӵûκθ˵ı顣
෴ģ
ŷұϵıԵʮֵأ
ˡ
ĺ˿׻ҲɫЩ
Ϊǿ׾ǵĹǣȻŷұ
ǵУײڵĻ꣡
֮ǰҲΪףǲܹľһ𣬸οڸ׼ǩѪġ
ֻмһЩ˵ʱڣԾûǩ
ǡɵʱͲڶ򣬲Ҳ˳ӦʱƵļ˽ڡ
ĻǲѪڿҲڶܹȥˡ
ʦû°ɣ
ûʱĺˣϸļһŷұӣЩĵ˵
ŷұӿЦһһϹͷˣЩˡף㲻Ӧû
ʦͽһֵ֮֮ʣǵͷڹĻڻʲôϣԣ
׿ŷұӣҲ֣µ˵
ŷұ΢΢һ̾˵ʵΪʦҲ֪ʲôԸ֪ѣȻġ֪ĻΪʦӦǰһЩٿԱȫ㰡
ʦͽڣһоͽͽɣ
׿ŷұӣҲǸŷұӵһĵ
ֻǶŷұӵ˵βܹأ
Ȼ֮ǰ˲ٵ漣һԵĴĳְ
֮ǰŷұǰ˶սһʵŷұӿ˵˭£
ͻмȺǣЩ鲻ĳ˵־ΪתƵġ
׾ͷۣ𾳺ڵǿô࣬𾳺ڵǿҲȶʮ˶ѣ
ľ޴ʵ࣬Ƕ֮ڿֲģ
ߣǽ
ˮԵĶףźɫҵĺץˮҢ
ˮʱʲô춯һԵ˶֪汻ץ֮ˮԵĶˮҢ
ʱҲûʲô춯ֱֻӽΧס
ڿ˵ǲҲˣ
״ˣңҡ
ˮҢЩˣΪʱпܱ˺Ʊġ
ˮԿԼĶӣҢ԰꣬㲻µġ
ڸʦ˵˭ǰһһض𣡡
׿һˮԣҲһ˿̵Цݡ
ֵģ
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׵˵ԣҵڵĵҰ˭ǵĵӣ
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׶ˮҢѾɱˮҢΪĳ룿Ҫ
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ĺҲǵͷҵԸסĴֽΪ˵ĳȡ㹻ʱ䣡
룿ΪʲôҪ
ɨһ۶ˮԵˣˮԵҲǲ첻ѣ
һﵽŰȻĴֶС
Ҳ˵m´Ĵֱ˶Ҳǲڻµ顣
οƾŶҲôţ
ףǧҪǿڲǿʱ׻˵úãɽڲûհ
ŷұӿףҲǿĵȰο
ŷұƺҲ֪ԼͽܵƢ֮¶һ˿˵
ͽȽǰ飬Ȼ̸İɡţǱ
׵Ŀ棬վ
ƾŷұôȰ˵ƺûκεô
ĺ˿ףͬʱȴҲǶ׵ĳ嶯Щ⡣
ֻ׵ʸûУΪǲףûдô漣
ֵģ˵һΣ˾Ңڿȫʬ
ˮԿԼĶӻڱ˵УȻʲô춯ŭ
ߣǲأ
һ̣׵ƳˮҢķһӣˮҢĺֱӱס
һ
ԭҪ˵ݻˮҢѾɫЩˣ




3697  һ
 

ɽ֮ǰ
ˮԵ˿ĥԼĶӣҲŭ졣
ԼĶڱ˵ϣɲԼӵȥȡ׵
ΪһζԵȵĽ
ǸٶһëŲó
ˮԿԼĶӲϵıĥҲķζըˡ
׵ҶŰɱǱ
Ҷ𣿡
ˮԳ׵ŭˣһҪԼĶв
ʱ˿̣
ǰֵļһĸҶնɱԼĶӣ
һˣھ군ˣ
˵ˣɵ˵
Ҫ׼ˡˮԲмĿ
ôĴһᣡ
˵꣬һԭɫѾһƬҰ׵ˮҢһͫȻһ
䣡
һ룬ˮҢĵѾǳ׵ѿ
ﱻ٣ˮҢֱӱһȭ˷ĩ
һǳɣ
ôĶȥˮһ㣬˿ûκεԥ
ɽ֮ǰ˼׵һζָˡ
⡭һĪǷ˰ˮһ˰
ߣһȻҪĻǵһ¿ɾҪˣ
治֪һﵽôģȻ˵ˮ
Ĵⶫ˵ӻǷʰ
˿̣
Ĵ֮һ˼ĿŶףǶһǳ׵ķˣ
ˮΪ˼Լӵһֱ̡
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ⲻʲôأ
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ŷұӵҲһ㵵ĿǰףԭΪҪʲôأ
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һǿߵŭⱾһǵΪ
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ͬʱ
׺ˮĿԣƺһʱпܱߵĸо
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ˮһؿ
ɥ֮ʹ
ˮԳ׵ʧȥǣԭ׼ŷұӵ˵ļƻһҲʧӰ١
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Ф˿ˮѾǳ׵ʧȥǣҲ׼Ȱο
ˮԿһ֮˵λκε飬ȥϸm
⡭ˮȻҵȻǾΪ
βȻҲ֪ˮѾǲ˵ͨˡ
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3698  ˭˭᣿
 

һ
ˮԴ˿̵ķŭѾǿ֪ˣɥ֮ʹ˲һְͷĸо
ȸоֱɱԼҪܣ
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ֻˮԵ任ȴ׵ĳ
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ãڵҪʲôܹ˵Ű裡
ˮЦһһӣֱӱǴѹ
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ˮԵڿߵЩĳ֣һεĿһ£
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Ҫһ㣬ǾЩǿߵ֮ЩνǿߵǾͬնﰡ
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ˮʿˮҲֱë
ԭľ֮䱻߽⣬ֲ֮˺޹˼ɣ˼ѾȲʤȯˡ
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ȻҲʶˮԵģֻǵ̾Щˮԡ
񡰹ˡ꣬ȻǸӵĿˮˡ
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ФͶβȻԭҲΪԼ϶Ҫɱķˡ
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ûκεķϻ֪Ѿɱˣ
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ֻһ̣ȴˡ




3699  ɱĴ
 

ڵɽ֮ǰ
ԭһɥѾǾ͸֮˳׵ķ
˵ĸӿ뽣ڵľڣһһߵ֧ǵܲ
ڶĸ֣ⲻǾǣ
ܶѾ뵽ԺһԾΪǿŵʱˡ
ʵϣ
ʵܶһʼýڣ
˵ڲһ˶ԴŶѡ
ο
⽣ڼǳˣʱmôԸԼأ
ܶ˶Ǳŵùҹ̬Ҳû뵽⽣ڻôͱm
m֮˴ʱ򣬽ڵͬ飬ַɶ˻Ҳǲϵӣ

ǸоԼǳĺһ·֮ǰе˵ĳȫʧˡ
˶ǿһԾȻǻ֪м䵽׷ʲô
ƲסĿϲ֮Ѿǵмӿˡ
⡭ⲻǷm˵ô
ŷұӴ˿һĿǰЩǡ
˵ʵܹŷұӳ֮ΪǵЩˣ¶Ǽᶨķm֮ˣ
һЩŷұӿΪѾˡ
˳ǵĸǰŷұӵܲ
ĺȻҲʮֵĺ棬ǲ֪ǰ֮˵˭
ֻǵǿչֳѾǸǣ˾ǵ֮
Īǵµķm֮ˣ
ĺʮֵļΪһȥ֪ġ
ֻǲ֪һȥջȻ֮
Ҫ֪ǽڸm϶ǽⲻˣ
зm˵ļ룬mһЩɵ
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Ϊ׵˱ǵ򳬼ҵ峤̣ҲǱڵˡû뵽ΪϼһˣȻţ
ŷұȻϳԾѣҲ¶һ˿ΥЦݡ
ĴΧŷұӵϾûгֹһ˿Цݡ
׻ҲûκεЦݿԣ
ڣΣѾǳ׵ĽǿԿЦˣ
ңһƲסԼ⡭ô˵ǵþˣ
ֹǵþˣڸĿΧҶˣ
ŷұӿˮԵˣҲд˷֮ɫ
Ǹ˲ϵľϲû뵽һȥûҵ䣬ȴܹm֮˸շˡǲ֪˵ôİ
ңҲдɻ֮ɫֱǲ˼飡
mô궼ûбmǵʵӹɵġ
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û뵽ǣǺĻˣһ֧Ӵ
ȷҲδ뵽
ŷұӵУҲ֮ɫ
˵֮ƺڤڤ֮עһԵ֡
ֻŷұ֮ǰΪѾǷǳ˵ˡ
Ϊ˶ݵʱھͽԭҲĶһͳ
ŷұӵʵҲһֵǣֵǾm
ʵŷұҲ֪һ򲢲ܷʲôˣ͸ҪmĿˡ
һ㣬Լڴ޵̫ˣ
ԼmһսҲʯƾ죬Ȼˣȴ˲ٵģ
Ҫͳһޣľһ
οmǰԭûţڿŷұٶȸ϶ɱ֮ġ
ŷұʵҲû뵽m˵Ѹͣ
Ȼˣ
ŷұ֪ƹǱ߷飬ǵ֪ݵĻͲˡ
ʵҲû뵽m֮˾Ȼ˵׽Ȼżæŵĸϻˣɻ˲٣
ǹ񫰡
ң˴˿̿Žڵɽ֮ǰɱ죬ҲǼѣ
׿ųĺҲЦŵλô죬ѵ𣿡
⡭˻ƽⰡλҵɱ֮пɺã
ĺһ׵ĻҲʶ
ʱ
һͶ뵽ս֮У˿̵սѾǽ˰ȻĽ׶Σ
ԭռžƵĴֻм֮ȴûл֮ˡ
Ľݺᣬڵɽ֮ǰѾѪɺӣ
һοˮԵ˵ʱȴЩǿѾǱ̵ѹƵĴˣ
ʱ䣬ԭɱ𽥵ı
ˮԡФ˵Ѿ˺ֻۣײδգ
׺ŷұһεͶ뵽ս֮Уһԭһߵս˵һߣ
ˮԵ˵ĵﱻƣ˱ɷĩԭս׵ʧӰ٣
ܶѾǹ˵ϣȴ˵У
ȥĹǣֻ־һ·ˡ
ǰ˭Ҳη
ʱ
ڵһڸ߲Ѿǳ׵ķӿȥΪһ̣׾ϵ񡭡




3700  ̲Ĵ
 

Ĵ
˿
Ϊ׵ˮԵѾϤնɱһȼ
Ӿϣٵʤۼ֤֮ľ޴ı䣡
ʱ
еĿ⿴׵ʱ˽һĻ׶
װȻڿУһѹ
ԭӵ˲ѻȸ
˵Ŀ˷мųݵĿףҪԼ߹֮󣬵Ҫ˵Щʲô
׸ˣЦ񷣡
һ˿Цݵλͬţڴ顣
˵
ˢˢɽХһԹǱѾʧȥϣĴ֮ˣ˿һսľ
һ飬ĴΪ
׿ŵ¹ݵһȺˣҲǴһ˿ɱ
ֻ׻䣬һѾվлҪ˵
·㻹ʲôԣ
׿ˣĿ絶һֱ·ģ
·𣬱·Զ
ˮ̲𾳳ǿߣλˮԺͼλ
ֻ֮ǰˮԵίɣһֱǷˮҢġ
ˮҢӽԱնɱ̲ļλҲǲһεĻս֮£
·ԶٲȻѾǳΪ˱̲Ĵǿߣ
·ԶһʼϹʱԭҲҪս
ĴʵӦҲҪˣǸʱȥҪˮԸ
ˮԵĶӱץŲжεġ
ֻǺ·ԶѾǳ׵ĵ߸Լˡ
Ȼû뵽Ǹ̫齣ڽԼ˶ӵˣȻǽڵס
û뵽ǣڵȻ˵ͣ

ûиλô˵ʲôط
Ϊʲô˾ôƽ޹ʵĳأ
ڳĴǿ߾ȻûзκεĶߣ
λĴĸϤնɱҵҲmһֱҵȵǹʹҵΪҪΪŰأ
·ԶʵѾ¶˾ˣҶǸǲ˼һˣ
ܹţ˭Ըȥأ
ȻȥЩǽͷݵɣȷôġ
·ҵԸ
·Զ˻һܶ˷׷ױʾͬ
˵Ǹ·Զ뷨ʵǲġ
룬ܹʱıס
ЦһͶ֮ȡǵĹ͵𣿡
ľܣⱾǹеĵԸŵĻҵȿ¶ģ
·ԶҲǳ֪ûһЩʾĻǾǲܵģ
ǿߵԣĲⷢģ
ֻأƹ˭
ЩˣƴһһҲԲܷĵġ
ΪһԳɹʱҲ֪˵ֻ֮ежģ
ߣҪЩ𣿶Ҷɱӡ޶ǷǣܶԵҶƴֿꣿ
ŭһһɱ𣡣
Ȼһɱ֮ˣm˵ĴĿԼʦĸ߲㡣
ΪʲôҪЩΪ˵ĵɱأ
ĪЩ˲ɱǾͲɱԼô
ܶʱҪ۵ġ
·ĳҲǳϵģֻڴ˴Ҳɼ
·Զδ̫࣬ó׵ɱأ
һЦߣһɼڽҪɱЩˣЩҪҶͼı֮ˣ
ɽ𻢣
ԭֵһ̣ʵѾˣ
ȻҪһҲ֮֮ˣ
ס
ʱŷұӴӺ˳
˵滹һܹ侲Ļôֻпŷұˣ
ʦˣкηԸ
֪ŷұʱȻвͬġ
ŷұӴ˿ҲЦŵԸ̸ˣһ㣬ƵΪʦ硭
ֻҶɥĲ񣬴˵ǲ׿ŷұҲǳ
ŷұЦһԩͷծǲ˰µĶѣοɱ̫࣬ԺķչҲǺĴλ־նɱȺˣ
Ȼʦô˵ˣͽȻʦˣ׵ͷ
ŷұ΢΢ͷһǳĲûΪԼĳɹäĿţ
·Զ˴˿Ҳǹµлˣ
лңҪллɣԺΪ֮Ҫŷұӿ·ԶҲ˵
·ԶģҵȾǽͷݡҲд˴㡭
Ƴһ·Զ汾ھڶ飬ӴԺˮ򡢷Ĵ鲢Ҷ򣬴޴ӴĴ򡣴±㽻ɳ¸·ǰȥ

ĺ·ԶȻ·ԶҲû뵽׾Ȼ񽻸Լ
Ҫ֪һȨ鰡
ֻǴ˿̣Ѿǽŵ汾顭




3701  ûĵ
 

ڣ
˭Ҳû뵽˵ĸˣ
·ԶոͶϣȻͽ˵齻ȥ죡
շĴˮ֪
ʵϣ
ôɵˣ
Ȼ֪շˮʮֵĳ㣬óĺ֣ʵǽһ鿨ԼУ
·ԶʮֵϤĴǣͷĻĺ°빦ġ
ãҲǿԽ˻£һ˵ģ
ֻҪһ㣬Ҫ˻̽һ˵ͶϻǼͶϣ
ģȻõġ
ǼٵģȻҲҪѿ֮С
ڵȵͻȻˮǱȻʲôˡ
ο
֮󣬰ٷϴ٣ҪľǽһµĶ
ĴշǸһڷɵ
ҲҪ˻ЩС֮ö
ţһε֮m֮Ҫڶֿ¾ˣ
ΪĴͶϵϢӦúܿͻᴫ뵽mĶС
mҪһսĻǶȻܻĶֵġ
Ϊǵһ㣬ǾmУ
ĻֻҪǴڲ飬ûκεѹ
״˿̿ڴҲЦһĵԼ𣬱Ʒm
Ʒm
·Զ˴˿̾㵵ĿףʵmǿǶ֪ġ
׵ĻҲǾֲѣ
Ҫ֪mһֱѹʵҲЩΪѵġ
Ϊʦ
ڴ綼һλģȥ鷳ǲ
һmʵҲðŷյġ
ֻmλΪԼŮ׸ˣʵʲ
ǿҪƼ
׺һţǲԼһŮ⡣
Ҫm˻£Ĵļƻһ׵Ĵˡ
ҪȻĻλmĺعҲܻ˵ĳ̶Ȱ
ô·кβף
бۿһ·ԶҲʵ
·Զĭˣ£mı¾޾ˣǿ˳
ŷұһҲǵǰף·˵û֮ǰmһֱ˽ںͶʵΪԭͻȻ֪Σ
ʦˣm˶ԴҶҲǸʱˡҲmܷŹ𣿡׷ʵ
ŷұ΢΢ҡͷԲӣҵʵ̫޴Ӧõ͵ǰСΪʦžһεmʱᰲȺܶ࣬ҲǷչ׳һ
ĺҲǵǰ˵ûm˳ҶĻǵʱǿɾͱ˰
mҪҶԿԼҲõûӣ
֪ҪȶģܶѾܹˣ
οѾӵ㹻ʱԱзˣҪmɫô
mû
mûеĻôǾͲֱˡ
·ԶȻô룬Ĳҵô˵˵
ҪȻĻԼǻˣ
ֻ˵˲˵
ŷұӿЦŵmкβңܹһΣǿԽڶΣΪʦţǵڶνĻȾǵһοԱģ
ǰˣĴڶǰȷǿ԰ڰףܶ཮ǰʲôǡӦ֪ħĳǲв
ĺ˲֪׵ĵƣҲΪǵ˵
οݴһmĴmĺѾǸĴ֮׵Ƽ峤ɻˣһҵȿǱĺܰ
ңҲԥƬ̵ȻҲ֪ʱӦйʱ
ѾǵزˣǱҪ˵ʵ
һζķУҲֻˣ
ǣλԱûκεİڣ
׿ˣҲЦһ
ϾҲ֪ʵΪԼõĲ
˿ҲǻĴӺ˳Ҿһµڡ
бҪλȽһˣλǱڴȥʶҳɻ˵ŮˣҲǿ˵mŵº
״˻һڶȦˣ

λһŮӣҲm֮мвŮˣû뵽Ȼ˸շˣ
ݼˣλ
ҿԼɴһ˶ĿǾտںϡ
һʱ䣡
ѾһƬΪһĻʵ̫˼ˡ




3702  ˵
 

ݺ֮
һҲĿɿڴ˵ʵ޺ͷʮֵ
ĻmҲܻ˵ĳ̶Ȳ
վ׻Ǹ˻
һ֮ڼڸ˾ò˼ǣķ˾Ȼmľŵ£
֮
һĻúܶ˶ǾЩ̫ħˣ
·ԶԲ˵ˣǾֱǳ
Ҫ֪Ϊmmľŵ¾ȻΪķˡ
̵˼㣡
·Զ˿Ҳһ˵ĸо
ŵ£
ŷұӲδļͷ˵ġ
ֻǾǴŶѣǿѨδ򣬲
ЦһŽͷۼ֣ʵ۷ѣ
ŷұüͷɻĿ˿ʵף⵽ô£
Եɺ֮ʶΪʦˣҪ˵Ļôȥ˵𡭡
׿ŷұӣҲǻĽһЩ顣
Ȼô飿ô˵ΪŸһģŷұһεʵ
׵ͷ֮ǰȷԺػĶˡѾǳ׵ĸıˣվһġ
ǣŮվǸŮ
ŷұӵĻúеһŶʱըһ㡣
ǵʱĻôҲһصĴ
ЦһʦˣһһǿԱ֤ġ
ŷұӵĻɣҲǲյʦˣmѾǳ׵Ļ˽ޣmȴҲΪۣҲǷmκεĶ
ܹô룬ʵ̫òˡŷұҲǵ˵
ЦŵʦѾǽһŵľ档Ǹmһսʱˣļ˶ȻǺһ׮
Ĺǿ϶ǺˡףˣĿǰҲǺܴ󰡡ҪmԿʱ𣿡
ŷұӻڳΨһܹ˵κξˡ
˿̣
˿ŷұӣ·ԶҲڴĿ
ϣŷұʵĻԽΪļԽãΪǶһ֪
ȻˣʵǶ֪һЩҲûʲôá
ڶǰλûʲôģοոͶϹأ
΢΢ͷʦĵĲ޵ͽ˷֮ҲЩջġ
ŶĪѾǸĳͬ˹ϵ𣿡
ŷұҲ۷ŹĿףȻҲЩ
ļˣһ̶϶˵һǿļ
Ļôڴ޵ĵλ˲ҪڸһЩˡ
ͬǶ𣿡ңҲǼʵ

˵ĿУǿһ򣬽򰡣
ܹĻһܵĺϢ
΢΢ҡͷǸǺ
ΪʦΪ
ŷұӵԵЩįˣԭӣΪģȻһЩЭ顣
ŷұӵ˿΢΢ҡͷӣ˲Щʧ
򣬶ڶ˵ӰǿɾͲһˡ
һЦһףͲҪʦˡ
Ŷô£
ŷұźĻҲЩʵ
һ̵Цŵ˲ðѾǾ뵽£
ʲʲô˵ɶ
ŷұȻѾǳ׵סˣǾֵ֮УоЩ˼顣
״Ĳʵ̫̫ˣҲûоøܣ
ֻǿ˭֪˶ݵʱ֮ڣôշأ
Ҫ֪môҲûշ򰡣
ЦһѾǽչ£Ϊ뽣ڣmǲǻɵأ
峤ΪmĻὫŷұӳʵ
̵˵ȷһ˵ƺʮǿĴڣֻЩǿߵУҲǶһЩ˰ˣ
ŷұü걾ΪmɺĶսŷ֣羳ǿߵ֮
𾳺֮ս羳ǿߣǿްҵҲ֮
̿ŷұҲǹֵ
ŷұ̾һΪ֪ЩԱΪˣȻԸıһЩҲֻα겻α
Ǽϴ޵ħأ
̵ĻֱŷұӾ㵵°͵һذľ̾δȥһħ
иذġ




3703  ·Զ
 

ڣ
ԭһȺѾɢȥȡ֮׵ȽںͷmԼ·Զȸ߲һ
Щ˼һҲаʮ֮ڣ
·Զ˿Щģ֮ǰڻΪԼжôţ
˼ѾշпշħǾ͸оԼΪĴǲǸЦ
ͶϵЩˣһһĺϢǿȥƺȽڵ˻Ҫ˷ܡ
ŷұӵҲЩĿɿڴĿ̣ԭѾƽһεļ
һȻвСĸı䣬ҲֻǸı䣡
ڼһħĻȫͲһˣ
ڶ͵ֽ֧ڣδӰɾ̫ˡ
ŷұЩ˵һѺְʵ֮ڵԶɽ˿ѶãҪǿһﰡ
ͳʵ֮ϣ
ԶɽʵǺܴȻԶɽ𾳺ڵǿߡ
ŷұʵ࣬ǵսʮֵǿ
ֻǼһʵ֮ŷұӶҪǿħսĳƺſɲ˵
ŷұӹһֵû뵽һﾹȻҲͶͽһһֱƲڣû뵽ھȻ˱ͽ£
̵ĺͽܰҲЩŷұ˵
ŷұֻǸһᣬüͷһε
̵ħսСټǷmˣȷ˸о־һֻֻ
ʲôɻ𣿡Цʵ
Ҳǹһֵ˵ʦô̵ʱڻôòף
ԱȻûκεġѸҪmһۣǻǲŷұ֣µ˵
ԼǣˣȻǽϣѾǳƽ౶ķչٶȣһ㣬ǵĸս̫ˣ
ĺҲֱԲ˵һԵ·ԶҲЩֹ
׳ųĺķ˹ȥЦһ·ڱǰͲҪŤŤˣҳԼɣ
·ԶЩԥŷұҲЦǺǵ˵ǸСлڰ
·ԶŤҲҧҧ֮䱾죬ҵ°ܽ˵ûʸ񡭡
ֱ˵Ľۣ״·ԶĻ
·ԶһãȻ˿£¾ֱԲˡڵķչٶȵȷ˳ԾԽԽ׳⡭
ŶԸ꣡׵˵
ʵϣ
·Զܲ˵ԺǷܹȡ׵ҲҪġ
·ԶˣڷչԽ죬ǲǶmвԽ󣿵ʱmǵľľԽǿ
·˵ûôŷұҲǵͷ
·ԶȻĻǸӦõ͵ҹСûʵmȫԿ֮ǰǲˡ
ȻʵǾͼչmԿЩ֮εأ׷ʵ
ˣmؼȻ˺֣ǸǶŸɣ˵УǲǸmȨѡ
·ԶףҲЩ˵
׹һֵΪʲôҪߵmΪУΪܿ챾ǴػߵϢͻᴫޣ磡
񡭡ػߣĪǸҵȿЦذɣ治ѾǱؼն˸Ĳô
·Զ֪ܲm飿ںܶǿߵѾˣ
ŷұӵǹһֵ׵ȷǴ޵ػߣ
⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣ·ԶЩܲˣоһ׵ֳа
Цŵλʲô𣿡
ŷұӵʵ·˼ˣ˼žûĸսmЩ羳ǿ߶Կǰɣ
𾳺ڣ羳ѾʲôˡҴް羳ǿȻ࣬ҲмʮģЩƿmеģĴȻˣǰ羳ǿĻǡ
·ԶŷұӵĻҲġ
ֻҪŷұ֧ԼۣԼûʲôµˡ
ȷǲĻԺԿͷںذ
ŷұҲǾľΪ롣
׿ŷұӿĵӣҲЦһɱóʦǲŹҵİ
ɱﵣʲôɱﵣĪĪ㻹ʲôֲɣ
ŷұӴ˿Ҳˣ˵ȻԲʲô֮
ο׿ȥΪİ




3704  ˾֮̾
 

ڣ
˿ŰЦݣǵʮֵڴ
׺ͺзm˵˶ǱЦš
ʵѾ֪ˣһγħ󳬼֮⣬ʵĻĴ!
Ĵ֮ħӰҪһЩ
ֻŷұӵ˲֪еĽ֪ˡ

m׾ѣǹȻm
mûл׿أ׸ĻᣬûԱ֮Ļֻˣ
ⲻŷұϣģƽʱЩʮֵļҲһֻ۱һֻˡ
غ̫̫˵ˡ
һĴΧ˵ɣ׸ϻʱĻٹһֻܹŸʬˡ
ˣʲôɱﵾ͸Ͻ˵ɡ
·Զ֮ǰȥʮֵĿףֻЩſף߾Ͳˡ
׿·Զ˽ģЦһղʦ˵ˣûжս֧ţǽڻ߲Զһͽͬġ
ףܹﵽ羳ǿָЩһ۸ڶػߵݣΪ
ŷұӵĻûм˵ôǲЩŹͷˣ
Щսô
Ҫ˵ܹǣһŷұӻЩ̫ŵġ
׵ʵԼ֪ܲ
ֻ׵ĵʵ̫ˣൽŷұЩ֪ѡ
ͱ˵ǱԴʯŷұӾͲ
΢΢һЦʦˣ˷ǰ֮󣬲δѰٵ䣬ҵִ̽ϢƹǱе䡭
ҵˣ
ŷұһ׵ĻڿǵЦݣҲǱܵΪ
񣬺þò
ŷұӻδ֮ʣˮӰѾǳ˵ĸǰ
㣿ǸӰ
ŷұ֮ǰƺ˲٣ԼѳԼǰһ̣ҲǳЦ
ǰ˴ȣĳ¾ƹȹ¶ˡģҲǸҵһ·˰
ǰɲһ˻ᣬ峤Ӧöôİɣ
ŷұҲЦŵȻĳʮֵá
һԵ·ԶŽ͵Ҳ𾪲ѣ
Žѷϣ
ڿĴһ㶼װ
վǵǰҲЩЩŵĺˡ
Цŵ񣬸ղ˵ĻĳҲͣڶСֻ˾ǽȥôļ򵥰㵱ʱƹȵĻҲΪ˺Ȳˣ
ƹȣĴƼҵĵ̣⵽ô£
ŷұӵЩڴĿŵ񣬶˿ԭŷұӵĶԻ˵ŷұ֮Ľ̸ˣ
¶һ˿ЦݣʼƹȵһЩ飡
ȻֻǼ򵥵һɽһȴѾ𺳲ѣ
һ֮羳ǿߣȺ·ԶҲĿɿڴ
ŷұ֮ҲǿЦ˼ᱲˣ˰
Ĵ嶼ѾͶˣ
ĺ˴˿̿ŵҲһʵ
һֵԱڵĻЩɰĪǷҪĴ峤ſţ
ûûûû
ĺҲץһԵЩ˼
ЦŵʦΪͽǲmԿʱأ
Ĵİ羳ǿ߲СҲǿԳ䵱һټҸm˰ˣ
ŷұӵЦѾЩƲסˣħټĴ⻹ڴҲЩʵˣ
зmʵɵִʵ
Ҳ˵еĵԽԽˣ
õŷұӿǻǺĵ
ĴĹ˳Ļǿɲ绢ôˡ
ڵķЩ飬һͽʱϵĻ¡
״˿ҲԼĹ۵㣬һֱ֮͵ĻǵʱԼȥҲһ
ԼҲһֱڽڰɣ
οٹһӣҪǰڤˣʱmģԸڵĻ
ǵʱ˵һǧ˰٣Ҳϣġ
˼ǡ
ŷұ֪лҪ˵ˣһ׿ֻһЩ飬ʵӦҪİˡ
׺ܻ˵ڵ겻һŶѣҪmԿǱȻҪļʦˣҵ˼ǡ
һаҵֱϼɣ
ŷұӿףҲֱӴ׵Ļ
Ҳǵͷֻǲ֪ô׵ôȥѿأ




3705  mƻ
 

ڵ´ڣ
ɨһȦˣЩԭǲճ̵ġ
ھmôһ֣Ҫʹ¾ˡ
˵֮ǰĽڻûô˲ſõĻôڵĽھǽˣ
λõҲǲڤǺԶҶش뵺֮ϣ֮ڵҲѣ
׿ˣҲ˵
ŷұӵͷδҶ֮⣬Ĵǲˣλʮֵ⣬ʺҪ
ǰĴ֮⣬֮Ҫ붫ǲյĴڤǱȻҪĵ̡
ңףҲü
Ҳҽڵˡ׵˵
ʲʲôжصĺһ㵵ʵ
֮⣬ҲûжˡЦŵλȵζҶķġ
ҵǵ˵ĻǷǾû̫ġ
ŷұӿףҲǵͷ
һԵĵммȶǱֱӷԸɣ
һλ˷ֵҽڰٷϴ֮ʱǱҲͲˡڵκΰţϣλܹȥǣ
ǣˣ
׵ĻҲһȻӦǡ
׿һһԵĺ
ףʲôֱӷԸˡףҲ֪һ϶Ǵˡ
ǹˣҲԺգͳ֮±㽻ˣ
˲˲ã
һˣʵϾҪ֤ʮֵź
Ȼ֮ǰԼʦɣȴʮֵԼλˡ
ףܲж
ǻۣȻ֪ôΪʲô
ΪڼԸԼĸףʱǲεĻȫǿԽһп޵ˡ
ͳȫǾʵͿԵġ
˲ǹھޣҵȶȻȫַ֧ˡֱվ
ŷұӹһֵףСӲǹʦ𿴵İɣ
ʦĪҪġ׸׼ͣŷұӰڰֵͲҪˣоСʦҲԸɲǽڵϼ縺ŵĻҴδǰ;
лʦ⣡׹֣Ȼʦ𡢵񣡡
ˣԸ
̬ڵķǳĵͣһԵŷұȻû˵ղѾǱԼ̬ˡ
֮ǰĴһƬȻڵΧĵڴ󣡣׳
ĵڴ󣿡ŷұӵҲǾ㵵ʵ
һڴѾԻô˵İȫˣĵڴȻӺܶ࣬ȴûʵֵĿԡ²֣ڶһΪƵķϵͳΪδ޵ĺ򣡡
ⲻҪһô򵥣ʵҪ¶˰
Ҫ֪
ڴ޵mڵ򣬶ȴҪĳɶ򣡣
Ȼ׻δ˵ŷұӺ͵Ѿˣ
ҵһɣ
ŷұӺ͵δκεķϻǿҪ½mĻľҪ¿ˡ
棿
׸ŷұӺˮո˵꣬
Ӱһεĳ˵ĸǰܶ˶ѾʮֵϤˡ
Ȼˣ
滹һЩ˲ʶ棬ֻʱ溰Ҳ֪׵׼˼
ףСӵ˼Ҷˡ
һֱӵ
ŶϬ׹һֵ
ŷұӿ׺棬ҲЩ˵ףĪҪڶ򿪻
ʦҵѾطɳһĳ̶ȣȻ뵱۷ʱڻǲ಻С֮m֮мģó̫̫ˡ
׿ˣҲЦĵ֮ڡ
·Զĭˣ⡭ĪǴ˵е棿
˵ʵ
ĳֶ·Զ˵ĳʵ̫̫ˡ
Ҫ֪ƫԶ֮ˣҪһǲܵġ
׵ͷ汻ؼ֮˲кҵһ˿Ե磬ǱڱȻܽݰɣ
氡
·Զ˵Ĵ˿ԽԽˣǾ׼ֱ̫ˡ
ɨһȦ˵λҲӦױڵ˼ˣԺⶫҴδmڵأһҲʽפδԲҪ
Ǻģ
ֻҪĵط𽥵ıŨ
˵֮ǰĶֻһͨĵطĻ֧ţʱδǱ޵ġ
һʱ䣬˵ѾǼѣ
׿ˣҲǼҪ˵ıħĴİˡ




3706  İ
 


һעҪΪ޵Ľˣ
Ϊնmڵأֲ룬ɾ˲
mѾ񣬽ױҪӰȫ֣Ϊµĺġ
һеĿʼǿפ
ħĴΰأ
һεĿһԵĺΪͳչˣѾҪΪ֮µĵڶȨ֮ˡ
ףȷҪΪ޵ĺĵ𣿡
Ȼǿ󣬿򱱷Χ
׿źҲ˵Լ뷨
ͷȷı׶ˣȴǴеʥذ׵ĻطǵʱҲвٵ
κһȻб׵ġЦŵĹؼڣʲôʱʲôľڤҲһȻơ
һε˵һεĵͷ
ܿ죬һεʵڤݺ£ŪõĻֻʵ䷴
˵ûŪõĻȷǻʵ䷴ֻǴҪۣ֮ЩͱҪȥԡ
ɫأ˵˵Ĳ޵
ڤǱҲǴ۸ӣһŪãͻγɸܵе
ߣȷǿԶʱڶγľ档
Ǵ˷ǰڤʧܵĻǽֿ¾Ͳ˵ˡ
ͱ򣬼ڤϵãڤ·;ңԶô׵ĵ½ϻأ
ǵ½ϻҲ̾ڸɽȵصһСѡ
ֻҪûγɴģļȺЩǿûʲô̫вġ
ףȻѾˣǽֻ취֤İΣˣҵһ뷨
׵ͷ˵
ȻѾȷδĺĵλm֮ڣҵ˼Ǽƣ
ףҲ˵Լ뷨
ЦһŶôư
ʵܼ򵥣ѾǽΪһ壬ռѾʮֵľ޴󡣲ʵŻ߼ʵ֮٣ҵ˼ֱӽȫǨ붫򡭡
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⡭ڶ࣬°
ŷұӵҲԼĹ۵㣬Ͼһһħĵ̾Զ֮ˡ
Цһʦ˼ǼƣȫǨ룡
˼ǷЩСţֱһǳǨУ
ŷұӿźЩ𾪵ʵ
Ļȷȡ侫ȥɣδӰҲʮֵľ޴ġ
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ħ뵽˶ЩСȴܹ룬ǳΪm׸ĸ
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ףҲǳֳһĨ֮ɫ
ɴ߲Сڣ
һںӦǲѶϵġ
û뵽׾ȻֱӷԼĽ顣
׿źm֮£ɾԼġ
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΢΢ҡͷûʲôǣ鱾жᡣħʱǰǵĿǷչΧĽʹ֮һƬγһ֮
һв
۾һʵ֮ǰǵħǷֶ֮ʵ֧̫ʱ䡣
ĽΧһͳȻħĵ̴ͨĻǾͲһˣ
mѹʱǵǿɳֱmʱħҲǿϢһһǿԽӳ
Ĵ壬ΰţ
˿̿ף׵ļƻҲʮֵĿС
ħǨѹˣҿԾ͵طչmγɶԿľ档
˽Լĸף˶ܴ죬Ӧûһʱ䡣
Ĵڶ࣬ҸƣǿԿǨĴmЧҲһЩ
׿źҲЦ
ݸһЦȻЧһЩҲΪеһ취ˣ
׵ͷȻ˵ηչͿλˡڲսǰڤ
֮£ҲҪճ̵ģ
ŷұӵ˵ͷ⵹ҲҴȥҲҴҰ




3707  ֻǰڤ
 

ڣ
ŷұӵ˿ףҲһ
׾൱ھȻԱһһ˶Ȼһε׼ȥ
ףżҲżһʱɣ
ŷұӳ΢΢һЦǾþڤʲô£Ҳһܹİɣ
׿ŷұЦŵʦˣʲôָʾ
ҪָʾҲӦָʾҰһΪʦҪ㡭
ŷұӿףҲǱȻ
׿Լʦ֣µģҲǹʦ뽲
֮ǰһ޹ش֣ô˸㣬Ǵҵһ飬ΪʦӦ˵İɣ
ŷұӵĻѾ˵ĺֱˣ׵Ѿǲеˡ
Цŵʦ黹зִġ
һ̵ʦһĵúúõ˵˵ÿһζǰ˸Ÿĸо
ף˵ûЩб޻
ŷұӿףҲһεȰο
һԵĵˮˣ֮ԣΪ֮ϵްΣиʲộǲǶҵȲΣǶԴ޲ΰ
ˣȥڤʲô
ŷұҲǷӦˣͻȻ֮һܵڤǹطʲôأ
ڤϢأΣԾͲ˵ˣ
ǻ޹һЩ벻
ڤɲѰ֮ȥɵĵط
Լ
赭д˵ʵһʲôԼ
һȥΪľȸȥˡ
Լһô˵ôɰƵ˵
ŷұӳףڤɲǿЦĵطɣm֮ʱͲҪ붫ˣǸɣ
⡭Ҫ˰ɣ
ʵĴֱǰ壬ҪĿǰΣm֮˲û̫ã
Ȼˣ
Щm֮ˣٿڶʱγԱ֮
ֻǵ˼ĵϣЩʵҲܹĶ֡
»ᱻΪһƣĺʮֵˡ
˵ڤ׿൱ɽһ㣡
ֻı֮ǰ޻ҪһЩ
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ڤıؿɲݣЩ½޵ϵҲδϹ
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¶ǵԣ
ԣڤǱģʵѾ˾ռߵˡ
ףͲҪڿЦˣ
ҲЩ˵ȻҲʮֵļꡣ
ĲҪұֶζأҪ֮ˣûأ
ŵ˵ǱԴʯȵȣЩɶңɼĶ
˵ֱǲ
ŷұӡǾͲҪھЩˡ˵ûҪ˺˻ûгأ
ʵҲйǣҲˡ
ŷұӵΣĻ֪϶еġ
Ҫ֪ûףҲҪʧȥˡ
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Ҳἰ÷m˸׵飬ֱ˵˵ڤ֮пΣ
һ壿ôˣŷұ𾪵ʵ
ݴһ峤֪㵽ʲôطһ徹ӵаλ羳ǿߣͨɱڤ
λȷû
ŷұӵĻ°Ͷˡ
һޣ
Ҳֻжʮλ羳ǿߡ
Ҳ˵ڰһʵǴ޵ĵ屶
ǰ֮ǰŴϢʵҵ𾪲ѣֻ˵а취
ҲƲѣ֪׵ʲôİ취
Ҵ߳ȥ壬ҵΪ֮ˣԭӦø֧֡
Ǵ޶δʱóóȻڤ֮£ֻỵ˹ذ
һε˵Ҫ֪ڤʵƽȵĹϵ
ֻһЩȽϵ⣬ϵȽϵĽܡ
ˣλĳҲԼЦģλӦҲҪ֪һ㣬ڤǽֱӰҴ޵δ
׻Ŀ׹չ¶֪˷ȥڤ֮ڡ
ڵʱӦԣֻܹȫԸ
ڽڴ˼ʱ֮㳯Ŷڿնȥ




3708  ٶ
 

ڤ
λݵ룬ڤλã
ԣǽڤĵط
ֻһԵԵһ޼ʵ֮ˮ
˿̣
׿һ޼ʵĺҲǺɡ
ֻǶ˵ЩûһϤ˵ص˹ˣ
ֻһǰЩĿģ
ҲѾˣҲƵĺܡ
ʦ磬ҪҪʻϰ
ʱ֮˳ҲЦеʵ
ϣ԰ӦöڤʮֵϤ
ĻҲЦ
ʱϵ˳΢΢һ̾һǱȽϤģڤҲֻ֪һ֪
ûڤ
Щ㵵ʵȻЩ˼ġ
΢΢ҡͷϲЩޣҲùȥ
ô˵ĿˣƵ˵
Ҳô˵ȻҲ֪ķλ֪Ķһ鵺죬ǵΪ޵Ϣڴˡ
Ȼûǻ֪ġ
Щüе죿
Ϊˮﲻɣⶫ޵Ȼ󣬿Ҳ൱ô
ϿЩŵӣҲֺǺǵ˵
Ѿܴ˰׾̾˵
ԭΪһ֮һôѾʮ˵ˡ
˵ôʮֵ档
򣬵ȷǲСˡҲ̾˵
ƺܴ󣬿Ϊ޵˵Ƕ޵ĵطǿʮֵĽŵġ
ô˵ھȥ޵ˣ׿Żʵ
ûôװⶫ޵֮УҪҵ׼ȷλãҪиϤˣĻԼѰһƫˣǻȥĵطˡ
ϿףҲ΢΢ʼ
ˣǻڸҿɣûϤġ
׿ŻϺ飬Ҳεҡҡͷ
ʱڵʱӦһ򵼺ˡ
ֻǵʱôأ
ǰ֮أƺһڷ֮أȥɡ
ʶһɨҲǳ׵
΢΢ͷ˳Ƿ򼲳۶ȥ˭һ˶ʶ·أ
һȥĵطʱгǾͲˡ
ȥǰ˵ĵطȥˣ
ʱ
һȥŲģСѾǸ׺ǰ
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׿ǳ֮дŵۣҲ
ЦŵֵҲеĺܣƺûҲ޳ûӦǽ֮һŦɡ
һó֮ذɣһһ治֪ô
ҲЩ˵Ҫ֪طǶĵ̡
ǿǶ֮Ȼôط֪
ȥ֪ˣٺһЦ
˵Ӱųſڵķ˹ȥССĳУǰĻʵȴͣ
ǣ
׺ߵſڵʱһǿϢѾǺب˵ĸǰ
ױܵüΪϢϢϢ
ֻǰͷ޻ûζѣ
׵˵ǡ
Ǹʲô׻ǳ̽
һεĶ׺飬ֱ˵ʵ
Цһ⻹Ҫô
ӦǵһٶǰɣЩֺʵ
׵ͷһָ̣
̸ָϣ˵ˣٶǵĹǿɵأ
λǿ߿ףһε˵
ʲôأüʵ
ʲôأǽǽǾͰµ˰ɺˣǳĻǿɵýһƷʯ
һƷʯǳ
ôҲû뵽ٶǲǶ֮彨ġ
оЩƵǣ˼Լĵϴ˸Сǣǵǲʲôã˾ȻǮˡ
ǣԭǲýɵģγΣؾͱˣ
˿ףҲ
γ˭һεʵ
˺ٺһЦǿɱˣٶγԳһ峤Ԭ
Գһ壿û
һҲ΢΢ҡͷû
ߣ֪壬ǳˣҪ۵ģ
Գһ˿ףҲǱˡ
Գһ岢Ҷ޵壬ΪٶǵĳأǱߵȷΣˣ
ڣҲǷһ̾Ϣ
ٶĵط
Щطڤ֮һͨ
廹壬ҪԵĸأǶҪǱ֤һµġ
ʵֳв൱һó׸ۿڣҲΪ̶ȵĽ֮ìܵһ֮ء
ֻٶ뺣õĻôìܺܿͻˣ
ףʥϡ
׵˶λԳŵʱһһ˳




3709  
 

ٶǣ
֮أ
ʵνڤݽ֮أŲĳС
ÿһеĳڤֱƿأ
ڤһˣ˵ֱӶЩгȨ
ССĳˮǿʮֵķġ
ΪÿһǵĹأЩֱӶġ
һ£Щɸ޵mڵ飬ȻٽڤˣŶ
ֻݷӿ籩ġ
ܶѾǶԴչ֮ģҲʹôһʮֵĹ죡
ͱ˵ٶǣԭٶǿɲԳƿء
Գȴö֮ˣ
׸յ򲻾ãܶ鶼Ͼ˼
ټ޵mҲκεĽģʵˡ
ɡ
̧ͷ˵ʱҲǸֳһĨЦ⡣
ʥϣڿˣ
ƲסԼĵֻּǰǱ˵͵
ɵԱߣȸһ˿ȥɫЩæ
ŷͣһΪ֮˵ɣʶ֮ˣ
ǼϽѲҪ߲ɣ
ǸԳ˿ŷɵ˹ʶףҲһ
ٶ֮ǰȸһƿأԳһ壬֮϶ûʲôɫġ
ɵߣλЦһԬХǻǻٶƺҪȵһڤ˴֮ŹԳһɣڻȸһƿأ
Цǲ缸飬οȸһƺѾڹ˰ɣڻʲôĪҪҵȶֲɣ
ԬХԳһ֮ˣȥʮֵİ衣
Ҷĵϣʲôʱֵˣ
׿ԬХҲһ˿Ц
ţ
׵УǾûʲôŲһ˵ˣ
ο⻹ĵϣ
ܹ붫ĵ̣ƿ壬˵˿϶ǵ˲ˡ
Ȼǵˣ׿ɾûôĿˣ
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ʵҲǸոմȸһϹǹĿľЭȸһó׼
ֻû뵽߾Ȼף
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ǱȽ˵ģֱ֮ӾҵȺ
һɽǾͱȽϵˣֱ֮ӱ޷˸ˣ
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ļ˰ĸаڤҲֵõһָֻţ
ԬХƽʱŹˣٶһ˵ĸо
κ壬ڤĵϣ˭ֱ棿
ǴmˣҲҪġ
岻Ըڤ֮ǹʶ
ȻڤڲҲݣ˭ðŵôڤΣոڤ˹ȥأ
ö֮
ЩڤҲһŰ
ĵϣǺܶʱҲ嵱ˡ
Щһص㣬Ǿǿ߻ߴˣҲǻʹġ
ֻ׳ʱ򣬲δκεų
Ǵ֪Ƕ̲ΧĻԳһҲ̫ˡ
Σٶǳ֮λҵͬ⣬κҪΪǶ·һ
׵֮дһ˿ɱ⣬ԬХҲǱˣ

ԬХŭһȭͷѾǳ׵ķ˹
Ҷʦ綯֣ҿ
δ׶֣ȭͷѾӭȥ
ǰԬХȻҲǽ𾳣ӦֻǸո̤𾳵Ĳζѣ
飬Ѿ𾳺ڵĳǿߣ
֮ڸе֣
¡
һȭȭͷֱԬХ֣ȭͷԬХ崩͸ȥ
Ѫɣ
ٶǵĳŴԭΧ֮˿Ŵ˵ȳҲһĿɿڴ
Ҫ֪Գڤģ֮ǰʱǿʮֵĸߵ
˵߶֣ǲʲôأ
ʥϣ㡭ô
һҲЩȦˣɽǾǳ󵨵֡
ֻɽѹͲһ°
ɽǿ߳ƵĴмǵأ
ȸһҲһСආ˺ȥ֡
ڷɿ׼ǻٺãܻʲôأ
ԭ׼ŵȵȸɣû뵽Ǽʼ׾˾鷳
һʱ䣡
Ҳ֪Ӧ˵ɶˡ




3710  鷳ˣ
 

㡭ǸҶԱ֡
ԬХ֮г˾֮ɫָ΢΢ȻҲû뵽ǰʵ֮ǿ
ǸղŸԼֵһǼֱƿֲˣ
һУ
ƿԬХķںһЩĻһֱӾͷϵˣ
ٲǾıҪûˣ
׿ԬХƴ޾ѹȡ
ԬХĳųڵķȥȥ֡
ԬХȥɵҲЩ
ɵߣȸһΪ֮˵λֵܣ´ˣ
Ŷô˵
׵ϴһ˿Цݣȥν
̵ʥϣλȸһ÷
ã
Щ죬Ǹɶ˼
֮ǰֻ˵ʲôҩá֮ģǸʲôЩһͷˮ
ü֣˵ز˾Īǻط˵ɣȸһĿǰݾӳ
Ҳã
ײδ˵ʲôֻ³ֵ
һ·ϣ
ɫҴңȻղ׵ĶƺѾǴһЩ
ֻҲǱȽϵĽҪһ˵Ļֱŷˣ
ɣλֹӵʲôϵ
˻δϵҲǴ
Ҫ֪ȸһ岻ǸСආѣȻʵҲǲǿƵȸһ壬Ǻһ㡣
ɿһףȻЦŵҲ֪Ǵɽʥͬһġ
ղűһֱڽֹʥϣλֹɽҲһ֮ˣ
ʵڷڵĴɽҲһЩ˽ġ
ֻ˽Ķǰģ˵۳֮ġ
ΪܶӴɽˣҲǻἰһЩ
ڷɽʼɽ磬ѾûκεĿɱˡ
Щǿ߿ɽЩǰҼҶѡ
ҴɽҲЩ˽İ
ֱӽӹ˷ɵĻҲӡ󲢲
ͷɽһЩ飬ûġֻҲֻ˽һѣܹɽһҲ൱˵ð
ˣһжǴ㿪ʼˣ
׿ŷҲǫ˵
ɫ΢֣ղԳһ壬֪ǵ
֪ĳһٶǡЦŵ
һ鷳Щˣ̵
һԵķҲǵʥϣԳһ峤ԬǿնٶγԬХǿԬĵܵܣڶִǽ¡
ΣôҲĵ̰ɣ˵ĺаԵ׷ʵ
εҡҡͷ֣ȷĵ̣ٶȴǸ⡣˹ͬó׳Уÿ޶ĳУҸmҲֵ֧ġ
ĳĵϺаԵĳȻ
׵׵ĻоԼЩˡ
ЩεĿ׵֣ʲôҲҪ˵ˣȻǷɵѣǱȸһѡһǻǿԱסģȰʧٶǡ
ʧ˼ĳ·ˣЦʵ
ͷĿǰΨһܹķˣԬХǵǴԬ
ǰʥϣԬٶǵĳȻȸһ߳ϻмжγѾǴȥˣʥγ˵Ź𣿡
ɶʮֵϤĻνֱҪġ
ֻЩ׿ǾϹˣ
ЦŵԳһô
֣֪˵ʵǳĲǻ֪ԬХԬХԬԬ
ףҲǵѵ
ʱ
Ѿǳٶǵĳڣ˿ںܶ˶æµš
ٶǱ죬ȸһʮֵƣ
Ҫ֪
ȸһƹٶѾʮ֮ãû£һǲĸĵġ
ٶҲȸһҪԴ֮һ
ÿһ壬ǶǵľԴ֮
޵ڵ壬ǰʵֶԵġ
ʵڤ֣ʵԴ֮˿Ѷã
֣ȥ֮á֪һƧ֮Գһεƣֻ뿪ٶˣ
֮󣬷̵
أ׵ʵ
ˣԬ˾סھԶĵطɣϽλĲرжܡ
ɲɷ˵ק׺ֱӳ˹ȥ
뿪󲻾ãϿѾǱһĨǿϢ֣




3711  ϳĶ
 

һ϶
Ͽգ
ȻŷһɼΪǿϢȿ񱩵Ϣһĵ
ԭæߵĳˣһŭ֮ҲǷеĻƣ̧ͷգ
ǿ֮ϵһĨǿӰʱһЩСȸһ֮ѾǶ
Ԭ
λԳһ峤ѾǳΪٶǵγ
ֻû뵽ǣ˵Ǹȸһµʱ䳷룬û뵽żĹɱˣ
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ڤƣܶжĺܡ
ⶫ޵ϲٵΪޣѾǳΪĶ
ʹһȸһٶǱµͿԿómѾֿʼҪɶ޵ĵˡ
޵Ķ޵ڤͷϴһ壬ѾΪ˶ˣ
һֱСܵİһ壬гԽȺһͳڤơ
һһסڤĻmҪˣ
˿̣
Ԭŭ죬·Ҫһһ㣡
һ
ȸһ߳ϣͬʱҲٶǵĳ
ֻѾǿҪжˣ˵ʵʮֵĲܡ
ȸһ忿ٶǷչ׳ΪmԴȻһ֮˸ռˡ
ܺõˣ
Ҳûа취飬Ѿ飬˭ܸıأ
ĿԸıĻ͸ıˣ
m˵˾ԲԼԼģοΪ߲ķһѾ֪m˿Ƕ޵˲ˬˡ
һm˴ͻʲô鷢
һһ˶֮Уٶǣһĸо
ֻǾڷһ֮̾ʣһǿʶҲüѣ
ԬƺһʸӹٶǰɣٶǻֲҲҰ
һԭԬ壬Ȼһεĵٳ
ⲻǳʲô
Ӽ˻ҧأοôķһأ
һҲһΪҪӵˣһֱԬڽѹĸо
һ𣬱û¸⳶˸ҽ
Ԭŭ׵ܾܵȻٶǱ˸ˡ
Ҵʱ򣬾Ȼȸһڳ
Ԭʵв෴Ȼһ˿ϲ
ôȸһˣôıѾõġ
ûа취ҲԬôҲû뵽ǣ˯ͷ
һЦһˣʲôˣҪ㽻ô
ߣһˣȸһ˴ű˴׵ܵܣǺܶ˶顣ڲ˳ĻôȻͲǽ˵ˡ
Ԭϴһ˿ɱƽˡ
ܵܣ˭
һʵ֪Ԭи׵ܵܽԬХҲû뵽Ȼ˸ٶǴԬĵܵܡ
ߣװǰɣȸһװĻǿɾͲҪֱ岻ˣ
ԬЦһڻϣ˲˳źء
һоЩԾ֮ǰصؽһȸһϽԳһ˷ͻ
ȸһֻҪɵǾǲܸԳһ巢ͻġ
ĻǲǸһǵĽں
Ԭ˵ɷ£˵ǿѨ硣
һţô£
ˣȷʵٶſԳһԬХ˳ͻҴԬХ֮ˡ
ʱһ˳
֮ˣԬȻ˶֣ȥ˺ˣȸһʲôϵҪ߼޻ǱҲͲˣ
һüͷһɣһȸһ֮һҲǱ
Ԭ˵һӵĻǱѪϴȸһĳΪҵܱ𣡡
ԬǽⷢӣΪȸһ㣿ó֤һֱŭ
֤𣿺ãǱ͸֤ݣ
Ԭ̧ͷһԵԬХһۣ
ԬХʶѾǶΧÿһ˿ʼɨӣܿĿ˷ϣ
ŷһġҺܶ˶ǳųķ߹ˡ
û£
һŷҲŭѣ
ǡˣ֪飡Ҫɻء
Ԭŭһȸһ巢ô
ҡ
һЩˣû뵽ԬȻ˵Ĵ
ߣȻҵĻǾ˵ˣ廹мЩٶŪˡȻҷģǿɾͲҪֱˡţѣ
ԬһȣΧ˲˲ٵԳһĸ֣
һ˴˿ɫ˼㣬֪׷ʲô飡
š
Ԭ֮ʣӰѾǴӳԾ




3712  ಻м
 

ٶǳڣ
ԬǷһǵĿⶼǿ˲Զ
˿̣
һ͵Ŀ׺飬ŵķɡ
ɵɫѿ˼㣬ԭΪ׺Ϊ˱϶ԹԵĸߵġ
ߵһʱԬӰѾǳˡ
׺˾ǳĿǰһС
Ԭ׼֮ʣ׺ƺõһ㣬ųڵ㳡˹ȥ
͡ǣ
ԬХ˿̿׺飬ϴһ˿ܵɫ
ʵϣ
ԬХҲǾö˶ˣԼԼĵֱ̱һиſ¡
ҪǴȥĻԺٶǲͳΪһЦ
𾳵ǿߣһб˸ˣ
⵽ʱ˻ΪԼǼٵأ
ֻΪԳһһʮ塣
һ㣬ⶼԬХϣġ
ԣΨһܹؾǾɱǰǶ˶Ѽҵˡ
ȷ𣿡ԬʶѾǳ׵סס
ֻҲû뵽˶ִԼܵܵ˾Ȼ˵ᡣ
֮УӵʵˣǾǳ˰
λ·ȸһѣ
һʵҲѾǿˣ˸ȸһһ˿ϵˡ
ĻΪʲôҪ˿ѣǷΪʲô˵ĵǣ
ּ˸ȸһ嶨Ȼǧ˿Ƶϵ
ĳֻʶֻû뵽ٶˡ
׿ŷһҲЦһ
һɣʶǣ
ɽʱ򡭡ɿŷһһҲ֪ӦôͲźˡ
ɽ磿һЩɻҲ֪Ǵɽġ
׵˵ȸһûʲôϵڴˣΪ˲֪ߵغ񣡡
ߣ֪ߵغˣٶǣֲһҰ
Ԭĳ׵ķ˹ȥҲ
ֻҪٶǻڶǱǱڵĵ̡˭ڱڵĵ϶ԱڲǱ
׵ʲãԬҲЦ
ĵ̣ʲôʱĵˣԬȻ֪һЩ仯
֪˲֪
ⶫ飬˻֪ġ
ⶫҲǱˣʵǷһ𣬷Ҳ֪ġ
ֻɸմȸһܲιЭ룬֪顣
ĻӦ֪׵ˡ
Īֹӱν
һɵ׵Ļ뵽֣ҲӦò²⵽ˡ
׵˵Υ
֮׹
һ˾δһ㣬Ԭоһľ㵣
ⶫٶǣȻҲһЩεġ
ⶫԭʲô˰ѿأٶ֮ǰһֱǸġ
ڴѾûˣð˸ڣ
Ԭ˵ⶫĴΧ飬Ϊ·Ҳġ
ֻԬ˵ν飬֮Ҹʲôϵأ
ߣһɥ֮Ȯѣ
ԬףҲǳЦһ
һ뵽ĴΧνĽӦѾǱĴ˰ɣ
νĽٶǣǲ˵ʲôڵҪ
ˮ򡢷ĴΧ򣬲֪
һȻ֪ⶫ֮£˵ⶫһһС
ֻ֮Ӧûûüٶ֮УԺܶ˲֪֮ѾǱƽϢˡ
ĴΧȻҲ·һ˵ˣڱڵĵκ˵ƱڣǱڱ֮أ׵˵
һĶӵĹȻҲߺҴꣿأ֮ǰӶ򾭹ǸʱѾһϢߴʴʣΪƭһʱƭһ
ԬǲмǼ򶼱ȶҪǿ
ʵ뷨ĲԬһʵҲôġ
Ѿǵ᧿Σĵزˣ׳ߣѲ˸氡
ڵĻҪôڱڸѡҪôĵ̣Ҫô
׿Ԭ಻ɳӣ
ڤνm˼ȻҪ̲޵Ǵޡ
ôȻǿˣ
Գһ壬ֻǴһڤսһڻˣ
ֻԬȴ֪ǰԵһɱĳˣ
ԼҪϲ֮С




3713  ֮
 

ٶǣ
һ׵ĻҲǵһ
ʵԬ֮䣬ǲǴ̵Ĺ򣬼Ԭҵ޳
Ҳǲֵ֮ģΪԳһıǿֵ֧ġ
޵壬Ψͼ֮ˡ
ʱȻ˵ˣǲô
ԣ
һղһϵеҲװװӶѣֵܶĻͶˡ
һܣȻҸ˵ţ£
ԬףҲŭһ
Լδĳڱָű˵ҪôҪô
˭ܵˣ
Լǿ϶ҲסģҪ׼죡
СһЩ
һתͷ׵
ͷֻǿһа𣿡
ٺ٣ʦ磬һﲻһݰѣ鿴һԬ
ԳһʵȻǿᣬġ
˵ʵ
ֻʹ֮ˣ鿴ʵûʲôսԡ
Ҫ֪ǰĴڣķѾǵһ˵ĵزˡ
ԬǿڰĸǰǶ
˵ʲô
Ԭıͷ̵Ҳǳ׵ŭˣ
ٿһ£
ԭûεԬѾǱԼԭı壡
Գһ̳˳ڣ
ԭʵĽ˿ԵöЩСˣ
鿴ԬҲЩЦŵôһֻ
ˣ
ƵĴϢѾǴ뵽˵ĶУԬԼı彫Լ˼£
Щм˵վУ
ۣ
Ļһֱӱĸо˵ģԬܹΪٶγʵû˵ġ
ȻԳһ岢ʲôʮǿ壬ɾǲǿ峤ԬҲʵǳۺġ
У
ԬԼǿɱΣ
ڳ֮޲ɫһ䣡
һԵķһȻ֪Ԭʵ
ΪȸһĳϣһҲƵ𾳺ڵ۷ǿߡ
Ҳҵô˵˵֮
ǱԬȭĻڷһԼҲǸа
Գһ彻սƾľԼɡ
ıԳ峤У˵ȭһȭҲ൱ֲİ
ȻĻǿɾ͹ֲñˣ
ԬȻһҪԼĸǰˣ˧
һﳢԳһǸʲôˡ
һɰֱӳԬָǰ
Գʵ̫Ӵд˿̿ȥҲǼΪС
ɣǡ
һ˿̿飬֮ҲĨһ˿֮ɫ
ʦܣʵҲʮֵǿᣬɽ磬ǿǿĴڰ
ɿһԵķһ˿Ҳд˵֮ɫ
ƽʱ׻ĻɿܶҪˡ
֮£˲ϣ׺֮⣬ˣ
˵˻ʮֵظģ
ο׵Ļôأ
ϧˣʵ̫һЩԬ֮󣬼ҵҲǱâİ
һŷɣҲ΢΢ҡͷ
ԥһǵˣʵһ·ϣǲûа̵֮ġȻĬǰԬУǷΪ
ǣһͬģһʵ
һ㶣漴Щεĵͷ
ȷ
ǸһܹͬѾ漣е漣ˡ
ôȷЩ˿ˡ
ϾԬƵǿ߰
һҲǵȷλЩ˿ˡ֮ǰ˵ĴΧôĴô׾ٵıأ
ҲΪܣһĶһߵס
ֻƺЩ˵ʲô
˵ĻǶıĴ̣·Ҳġ
һһ·ӣ
ҡҡͷˣʵʤ۱硣ҵȲ²Ҳǻ󣬱ϾҵȲ˽ԼʦܡλʦĿԽסԬȭĻǿ˵һжˣ
Ϊôһһεʵ
һ㶣ֻʱԬȭͷѾ׹һĳķҹȥ
֮У
һŰɫĹֱĸǰ
˿̣
ɣֻı۾·ڵȴȭͷ
һЩС֮ѾסԼͣȻǾһҪˡ
ֻһ룡
ĿɿڴһĻˡ




3714  ƵԬ
 

Գһ壡
尡ͬȼɱġ
鲻һ壬ӲĽסԬȭ
ʵܶ˲ã˵ԬʵԲһ˿Աġ
ΪԳһ峤ʵѾǴﵽ𾳺۷塣
һǿߣһȭɽѰ
Ԭıչ֣
ģѾ˸оһĲ
ǻصһȭѾ飬˶ס
ֻһ̣
ĿɿڴһĻˣԬһȭ֮ϡ
龹Ȼ˿δ
Ԭ֮г˾֮ɫҲǲסſˮ
ܣ
Բܣ
ԬʮֵĸӣһĻʵЩܲ˰
磬⡭⡭
ԬХʱһѾǻûΪεĴԬҲһȦ
ʵʵԬХһֱΪġ
һ۸ԭΪԼһ϶ǿԸ㶨ġ
û뵽ǣʯƾһȭ˾Ȼ
ԬɫҲ쳣ѿ۾һɵܣԲܣ
һ壡
һ壡
Ȼڽһ֮ûκεķӦʵ˸оֲ
磬Ҳ̫ǿ˰ԬХѾЩҪ뿪ˡ
ԬŶǵʲôˣ
ߣʦǴ޶ղѾˡǶڹٶǣʦ絹ǿԿǷһ
鿴ŶԬҲ
Ԭɫһ죬оԼѾǱصڵĦˣ
ΪεĳԬоԼʷĳˡ
磬ô죿
ԬХ׵ʧȥĹǣһİ취ûУֻܹĿԼĴ磡
ԬʵҲû˵Ȼһȭ
һȭȥ֪Լǰ֮϶вġ
Ȼ
ǰ֮壬ûĸߵĻôܲƷأ
նٶǳôͲڤ˵ŭ𣿡
ԬѾǷ˶ˣһѾǸУ
ڶȥĻҲֻܹȡ裡
ԬһƲɣȻһƣ
ˣҲǵҶĹأ
׵ĿĿûб߼ʵְ
ʲôȻ˵ڶҲĻԬ֮ѾǿЦֹ
챾Ǽʶ֮˵Ŀҵţ
Ԭһܿ뿪˳
˵棡
Ԭ˵ٶҲûκεģһлҪʵ˵
֮ǰٶڻǹؾص֣ĹѾǲҪػˣ
Ԭ֮ǰһĨааЦݣ֪һﶨȻûаʲôĵġ
Ŵ׹
һԬ糱ˮһȥҲǼһ˿Цݵ
˵ʵһҲû뵽֮͡
ᣬȻܹӵסԬǿֲһȭҪĻǺ£
һһɾ֮顣
ֻǾ龴壬ʵʵ
ҲЦһ˵ЦˣٶԺϼķɣ
㡭Ĵ˺Ƥ𣿡
һоʵ̫ˣѲɲ֪˵
ѲΪƾʵԸ˵˶Կ
ˣ
һоһԼ˵˵һģΪһﵱˣ
ڵΣΪ˺ƤǾͻŹǣ
׿ŷһҲЦʵ
һüˣɡ
ڵûж֮ǰǲ붯ǰɣǵлһ˿ϣϣ˲ǵ𣿡
׵ˣŷһҲ
⡭⡭
һ˵࣬Ȼ̬С
ûһ˸ҵ˵Ϊ⵱˵Ǵ˰
޵ѾǱ˵ждˣڲϣǲֱӿսˣۣ
׵Ļ÷һоһû
һ̾һ˵Ⱥ׳־ĳѣǡ
ʲô׿ŷһʵ
һû峤˵ȸһҲɹ˺
ڼǰ޵ܵľ룬ΪľǱȫ޵һɶ
׿ŷһҲ˵ԼĿġ
һ̵㻹֪Գһıǰһֵ֧İһЩ߲ˡ
һ壬Ȼǣͷ
˭˵ǰϷվ
׺ͷһ֮ʣһӳΧˡ
˵ܲ٣ܲپ͵ˡ




3715  ľ
 

ٶǳڣ
Ԭֵȥֻһεٳֵʱǵȴһλӥǵߣ
һϢ֮˴˼Ĳʡ
ǡ
һˣҲǱܵĳˣȻ˵ͷС
ü˭
ҪСˣʹ߳ľ
һɫ൱ѿ֣ҲʮֵĲˬ
ľĶ
׿ųľҲ¶һ˿Ц
û뵽ССٶǣȻҲܹȵһˣ
Ҵ˵ʵȻҲѾǴﵽ˰羳Ȼ׿һƺЩ֣
ôĵӣȻ˵ʹߣһǾ͵ɣԬһε۷Ҳ˲١
ľ˵֮˶ѣͼһ¿֮Ҳνġ
ľڶܸȤ׿ųľҲ
ϷȤҲȽϵŨԳһ֮ǿϷҲǼʶġû뵽֮оȻ˿ӲĽסԬһϷҪǲġ
ľ˵ʹߣ
ʵѾǱһռˡ
ϵ£ν˳ʵ϶ǰһͨ
һҪͨˣմﵽԼĿģ
׵˵ǲģһ᲻֪𣿡
һ֮ʵʵ̫ǿǻҪѡâ
һڸô˵ʵϾ׸Ͻ׼֮󼪰
Ȼ˵ûôԣ˼Ѿʮֵˡ
ʹߴˣˣ̣ܽǲһЩɫĻԺٶǿ¡
Ԭ˿ҲūʮĿųľĵһŻ
ûа취ܶ˶׸֮
ľ˵ɱһֻһ㣬ֻϷɱ֮ǰҪǵǲղ˵ôʲô벻ıأ
⡭⡭⻹ǵġ
ԬһͻȻ֮Щûֲóľԥľ͹ˡ
һѾ뵽˰
˼ҵǸְʱܰѻ±˺¡
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״˿̿飬Ҳǳͷ
ӦͷӰѾǳ˳ľûκεף
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׺ûκεĺֱ֣⣬һԵԬ˶ûзӦ
ԭԬҪһţҲû뵽˵ĵ֮󣬾ȻҶ˵ʹ߶֣
̫嶯˰
һҲЩˣ˸ȥԺȸһ˻еĻ
ڵķһҲûκεİ취
Ϊ˵Ѿѡˣľһȥ϶ǻͼӴ׵˵һˡ
ɫһ߳ϣΪ˵ûϣ
ϣ˵ףǰһǿʲôȥԿ
һŷɣҲǿЦһ
һԵķҿôҵ壬ΪʲôھҪηηβ׸أǹ͵ԻȥǵǿԹңأ

һЩϧĿŷɺͷоһѾǱ׸ƫˣ
ɵ߳ϣ漣Ǳ˴ģοʥκξҷɶӵġ
ôһЩüʵ
ɵ˵߳ϣ˵²ţʥһ֣ǰٷ֮ûġ
֪Ե˭һЩƵĿŷɣǿǰ羳ǿ߰
羳ǿߣҲûãҭһϾ羳ǿʮֵĺ
ɾףûɵľô
ɽ罨ǿΣˡ
˿̣
ľԭΪԼˣѾǽϵȥˣ
һУУС
ڴ˿̵ضɽҡٶϿյȴսó֮ҲޱСĵĹš

һεļʱ򣬷ɵ¶һ˿Цݣ
ΪóǾһ̣עǳľʧܵһ̣
Ľй£
ľԽԽԭνİ羳ǿߵϣһҲʧӰ٣
ʼˣ
һ羳ǿ߿ʼˣ
ԬֵܿǰĳŵҲƨ
ܵĳľϢڷɵƼ֮󣬺Ȼʧ˵ĸǰ
׺һεĻصǰʱһƺûзһ㡭




3716  ӵǿ
 

羳ǿߣ
ʵİ羳ǿߣ׵ȷҪѺܴ
ǰľνİ羳ǿߣʵֻǸѡ֣
˵ǰ羳ǿ߰ɣǵʵʵϽ𾳺ڵǿ΢߳ôһЩ
˵𾳺ڵǿ߰ɣǵĹȷǳ𾳺ǿߵķ룡
ֻȲʵЩֵĺܣΪľϸûκεĻ֮
Ҳ׺ܹô̵ʱڽľƷԭ򣡣
ֻľѾǳΪ֮еһޡ
һȦˣ
ˣ
һ״飬һϲĸо
һҲǳ׵ķˡ
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һ羳ǿߣôıǰնɱбӿµ
ӣ
Ԭ֮ǰҪӣ֪ʱܵĻǵȴĿǸӱҵ˰
ʵʵˡ˺հ
һʱ޻˵ˣ׵ʵоһѵ
ľΣ
羳ȥ˵ɾ͸ɰ
ڻǾ仰ԴУʧˣҲľʧ
Σ˭׵ͷ֪ҵ̣ЩʱҲΪ˻ȡһһɳĻᰡ
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˵Ѱ
ڷһ˵ȥΪҪġ
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Ҳһ塢ȸһ塢׻һһа羳ǿ
ôİ羳ǿ߼Ҳͼλ
뿿⼸λ־ܹԿһԼǱ֧ߣ
Ҳ˵ģѾǳΪԣ㻹ָ޵ܹжֶ֧ȣ
׵˵ˣٶǰɡԬֵܵĴãԼŰɡ
лҵȾֱǹٶǣǣ
һҲЩжģʵԬֵǼ֤ߣ
ֻҪɱԬֵܣͲڱ֪
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ʱķһһҷԴİ취ʵЩ
⣡
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һף
ܹڼ
һţƾһǻѪ壬Ҫ߳
޵ҪʬҰҲ˵أ
˿̣
ڷɺͷĴ£ǳŶ޵ķֱӳˣ
޵λڤ֮أ޿νǸ
Ȼ¸֮ľҲѰ֮󼰵ġ
ټڤ֮ޱȣһû˵ر֤ͨҪڤǼûʲô
ɼһȺڤıԵ
Ϊ
ڤڵջʵ̫̫ˡ
ʥϣȥʲôطɵʵ
壡׿ŷ
壿Щü
ôˣɡЩʵ
ɵӣʥϿɻǵã
ӣڵȻǵãҲڶ޵Цʵ
ɵͷڶ޵ҷǳĲң
ɫһ䣬ɽ峤ɽ׷ǳİ
⻰˼Ȼüˡ




3717  ֮
 

ô£
״˿̿ŷɣ֪仰ʲô˼
˵ӵ츳ǵ磬ĲӦñȷɻɣ
Ȼ˵Ĳ⣬ҲǿԻȥġ
ӵ츳Ǿ൱˵á
֮ɣҪǿһЩģ
ԭΪӲⶫ޵û뵽ɾȻ˵Ļ
һԵķɵɣԭʶ
ʶô֮£ҵְܹ΢΢һ̾
ӵôˣ
ʥϣӵһͬ磬ֻ峤ԸӦҲ֪ģһֱһ֮ƢҲʮֵĻ𱬡ɻ˵
һԵķҡͷɽ֮ˣһ㶼ǱȽϵѱ˵ˣҲġܹкܴչģǴ½ǿߡ
ʶʱΪܣӾôҲԼСʱﲻõ˰ɣ
׷ʵȻΪһ֮ôɵɣ
һжΪŮˣ
ţŮˣ
׵ɴ۾ŷɣӾȻŮ˵ϣ
˵׶оǸЦˣ
ҲǵͷʵȻǧ֮ˣɵʱڶ޵˺䶯ġӿϵǺųһŮ
ʲôͷʵ
ûʲôͷȷǷǳƯ츳ҲǷǳĲ弸˶ҪõŮˡ˵ҲˣȻߵһ𣬲ò˵峤ֶλǷǳĲġ
ɿףҲ渵
ӳΪʸ֮ˣ׳ʵ
ɵͷʵһֱҲʮֵĸ߰ô֮׷ǱܾˡΨӳɹˣӵʱʵҲʾڡ
ڶˣ
ûڼȥ˼మģһ㹻ˡ
˵ˣӱԼˣ
˵ϢȻҲǲܵġ
ɵʥϣ֮ǰ˵н飬ΨһԾӵ˾ʥˣ
ɣ㻹ǲҪĸǰἰˡ
ŷɣҲ̵
Ϊʲô
һεĿ˷֪ΪʲôҪô˵
׵Դ֮ˣСӡʱĻ֮Ѿأ
ľ˶ѣҪ֮ҪҲЩ۵
Ǹأһεʵ
ˣ
ףһεȻ
޸Сӣŭɶʵ
ĪҪ޸СӣʵҶ֪ġ
ʲôҪ󣿻ΪΪ˱ȫӵˣΪʲô鷢ҸоҲʲôö
˵˵ҲûˣһԵķЩˡ
ȸһĹϵͱȽϵ΢仰ĻȺľҪˡ
׿һ۷ɣȻֻҪûǾͺð졣
⡭˰ĳ˵ˣǱѾ˷˭Ҳܹἰ¡
ףҲһεȰ
ӵ׷汾սɽ磬ҵһֱֵƣֵǲȣǱںԷڣ˭Ҷ֮ˣڶȻǺڣ
׻䲻࣬ᣡ
ЩݵĿףĲһϴӦеӰ
˵ʵ
ǰķЩ½֮˻Щ֮ԱǣΪԼ½֮˾;Լţ
ʵϣܹͷ֮м
Ѳɲ½֮˾Ͳţ
񣬸ƣ½֮Ҳ
ڿ½ʱΪʲô½֮˵˾壡
һͬһԻͣҲе͹ȣ
磬ͬһߵ̬Ρɽǿߡ
˼Ҳ£һǳŽᣡ
׵ĻҲǹʥϣ䡭ʵ˵Ҳûǲôĳ嶯
嶯Σ걾ڶʥɽˣο񲻵ͷҲøڵͷڵҪǽǻӣӣǱڻ±Ȳڡ
׳Ŷ޵ķһۣ֮ѾǴһ˿ɱ
˿̣
޵ĳӲ֪ʥϾȻҪԼˣ
ÿ쾭ʹͼ尾ӣ˿Ѿǲ˲̶ˡ




3718  ǰ޵
 

ͷɴ˿̻һۣ
Ȼһεĳ׵ķ˹ȥ
ʵϣ
ɶ׻Щ˽ģĻҲʱ˵Ļ
Ǽ˵ĹϵǳĲǵԺǴӴɽļҲǺܱŵġ
ֻϧǣ΢ᣬҲûеɽǵȻԻˡ
ɽĻȺ峤˵仰Ҳɽ綶Ĵڰ
һѰ˷֧Ԯ
ɽ磬˾ôġ
ô꣬ʵҲһֱ취Ӫӡ
ֻǶڷ˵ڳΪȸһһ˿Ļᡣ
ĻǽӸȳأ
˺ִܿ˶޵
ⶫ޵ʵҲǷǳ֮󣬲ֻһôļ򵥡
׵ʶһɨѾ֪ⶫ޵Ӵ
Ȼˣ
Զ޵ϤЩ黹ǱҪɴ·У
ʥϣۡǲȥݻһʶҹϵǳ˵
Ȼ֮ǰ˵ʹˣǺƺҲǾЩԾ
׵Ըʵ̫˽ˣҲΪ˽׵ԸЩ̫嶯
Ͼ׵Ըɻ˽ģֻǵɽ״ɱķ
ǿƣʥǻôĳ嶯Ļǵʱ»вҪ鷳
ںδĿһ۷ʵ
̵Զǿͣⶫ޵˵׻˵㡣ĳΪɵпϵģǲаݻһɣ
ݻڵֵܼأֵж֮ޡ˳ޣΪҪ
׿ŷҲʵ֮ĿǰȷЩ΢
鱻˵֮ײò¿һ֮Ĺϵ
Ǽİǡ
ܹĻҲûбҪ˷ʱˡ
ڲ֮£ǵȷȨԼá
Ҳܹڲ׵¶Լֵܰɣ
ӵŮˣȻ˵ʲô
ҪѪһĴۣһһֱҲôΪġ
ʥϣǺýµĸۡǾͲý˰
ɿףһѵ
֮ǰ˵Ů˵Ǹʵ
̫ΪҲʮֵĸߵһǲĴڡ
һԵͷڵǼȽ־ʮֵĴ̼
ֱӾ˺ˣ
ײɷ˵Ҳǿ˵
ʥϣĪҪ̶⡭һ֣ǵʱ¡
ɿףҲǼæ
׵˵岻Ҫ·ˣû˸ĸҸڶֵġֻܴ·ˡ
ͷ֪һʲôûֹܹ
ǣ̫Ӹϣ
Ƕ޵һǣȷǷޱȡ
ǵĽֵϣߵĿɲ֮ˣж޵Ⱥ֮ˡ
ֻǣǿȥҪԵõ͵١
Ͼ
޳ɶĹϽ֮µġ
ֻһǰ̫Ӹͷɾվ̫ӸĶ治Զ
׵ʧǰһ̣ҲԵ̾ǳ˰
ʥϴЩ嶯ˣӦûġ
ɵϻЩǣֻȵǲôԡ
һжԴ֮ǰ˵ʶġ
Ļ̫ӸȥӣǼûκεˡ
Ҳǵһ֮Ӧзִġ֮ǰٶǣ;鿴Ƴ嶯ʵһоƿ֮С
ǰɽʥŴ漣ܲѡ磬ʥҵ֮˰
ɴʱŶ̫ӸҲԵĸ̾
һ۳ɰҵҲֻڴغˡٶ֮ѾǶ޵Ѿǵ޷ϵĵزˣǲɮҲÿɣͿôԴˡ
ǰ̫ǿҲǣƫﰡ
ɵĵǲ޵ֻҲ֪һʱӦû̫Σյġ
ӣܹ֮ҲΪЭ
񵽵ôˣ˵ʵʵ֪
ɵ˶ΪҪȥֱӪӣ֪һﾹȻ֮ȥˡ
˿̣
̫ӸۡһƧվһȹŮӣȥʮֵĳڣ
Ƕ°ɡ
λŮԭڽԼĻݣһüͷһһԵļŮģ֮
ǣˡ
ǼλŮƺܺǰŮˣҲǸϽˡ
ŮӿżλŮȥѾЩˣֻƵĻǱȽϵƽȻλ뱾棬ӦÿԳ˰ɣ




3719  ֵ
 

ӣ
ƺѾǺܾԶֵʱĽҲ΢΢һ
֣ôǣӣ
ȴἰһΣΪ֪̫ӵĸۡǽһĴڡ
̫ӵĸۡἰֶһ㣡
֮££
һԵĳһݱΪجΡ
˾֪ȴҲ˾Բ֪
һժҶôҲû뵽̫ӵĸۡȻ˸ķʽ˵֡
ңĿҲ˸ոֵķ
Ҫ˭ڴϷŪ
ԺգѾǳΪ̫ӵ̫
һݣԭ򵥵쳣ĸӻ
˿̣
һݵӰǰ棬ǰ˿ûϢӣ˭ôĵӣȻԴ뱾ĺ԰֪
̫Ҫ˵Ļһɤӣ̫ӸӦõİɣ
׻ĳķ˹ȥƱ֮Ҫһ
Ŀ棬㵽˭ֻ㻹شĻǾͲҪֱˣ
֮ˣ
ײδڼĸϻ
ߣ̫ӻɷѿİȻһ̽ҡ
һܿ
׵˵ףӦø˵ڰɣ
㡭ף
ĺһЩֵĿǰӡ
ӵ׹밮ӣҲǽ˵ɽսķĳ
УΪ֮˱ף
׵ֲӵ˲ĥӡҲĴӡ
˵ʵ
ȻûмףӦһ֮ˡ
Ȼɽ粻ܱȣܹһưԣҲġ
ֻ̫Ӳ֪ӵĹȥˣҲ׹ɣ
Цһôٰ
ӵģıЩʼڻˡ
׵˵ҪȻΪҪ㣿
ǡһЩ״ˣΪʵ̫ͻȻˡ
ˣһεʵ
֮дһ˿ᶨ£ӻţξһֻҪ֮ǰܹһۣ޺
ȻˣΪǲһѰΪҪ޸׵ɫĳ
Цһ֪ӹһѾܣټ̫ҼգȻɡ
ˣԵһ𣿡һεʵ
һŮȴҲܵĵȻ̫ӳɻ飬ֻΪ˱ȫ˺֮֮£Ҳ˵ġ
ᶨ֮峺ޱȡ
̾һЩ飬꣬վвʺģȾһѣԺϧ˴ˡЩʱҲǺ°
ڴɽѾ˵ˣֻ磬ɽ硣οأȷҪ𣿡
ֻһˣҲʮֵǵʵ
ЦŵǱڵֵܣֵѣӲ
˷֮ܵ·һŪãʱ»
ǸоЩͷ˵ף¾˰
ںδ׿ʵ
̫ӵĸ֮ۡУ֪Ӧڸۡ󷽵֮Уֻɭϵĺܡ
ף֪׵Ҫʲô
׵۾Щͱ˵ĿʵһǰӪӣɸң
ֻҪܹһֻǶݵһ˲ҲԸ⣡ֻǡЩΪѵĿס
ļǰɣ
̫ӵֶο֪ĺĵǲûеģ鼸ǲصġ
׵˵Щհǰ˺õģֱȥ˺ˣ
ʲʲôֱӾˣ
ЩֵĿŶףΪ׷ˣ
Ī㻹Ҫ˭ɣЦʵ
͡һˣЩڳԵʵ
׹һЦһôˣһӣ
Ǿ㤵ı֮УֱӴ̫Ӹۡĺ󷽷ȥ
ֻһƬѾһľ֮ˡ
ôҲû뵽ӿλʥϣȻһ˵ͷ࣡
ڼϣѾǲòˡ




3720  
 

˿̣
̫ӵĸ֮ۡУһֱǰ֮˸ܵĸо!
ܶʵ̫ͻȻˣԼӦ
ôȥӣ
о̫ˣҪ֪Ƕ޵ǿһǣǣ
ǣǿ
ҪǾǴĲ̫ӵĸ
̫ѾǶ档
Ϊ̫ӣȻһոմ½õȲⲻǶʲôأ
ǱȲ½֮ȣȻֶ˱ӵֶں
˵̫Ϊһɶˡ
ò˵
Ŀ֮еȷǷǳĳߡ
ڸӺôʱ䣬ȻĸԸΪӮȡó̫λá
˵ǿðķյġ
һǴ֮Ƕ˵һֳۣ
Ȼˣһжֲ׵ĳ嶯Ϊ
׳ǺɽķֱȥҲεĸȥ
ֹ֡ӣűɡ
ǿеĽ׵ٶȸѹҲǻĳźԺķ˹ȥ
Цһڵ֮ۡеԺյλˣ
ʱҪЦһ𣿡ЩƵʵ
Ц̸ϣֻôӾߣûҪȥ
һ·ǰķ˹ȥ֮˶Ǻһ㡣
̫ӵƢǱʮֵĻ𱬣λ̫һֱҲ˪͡
ڸ֮ۡе˿ûһǺź֡
ҲƽʱĿеʮֵǿġ
ҲͳֻҪ˿λ̫϶ܶˡ
һ·ϵҲûʲô΢΢һ̾ΪҲΪҸӼһ𣿡
ӦôذɣЦʵ
һЦң°Ͳȥһء
ˣΪһɱӵĽڣҲΪ˶סǰɣЦʵ
ͷô꣬ʹǳ˿Գ֮ءߣȴһ㡣Ӧܹᵽз֮ʹ˰ɣ
ȷκһ˵϶ʮֵʹࡣ֮ǰЩ˰
׿¶һ˿ֿЦݡ
˵һֱڿŮĲֵȥĻôҲߡ
ֻڿӻһ
ҪˣǰǺԺһ̤룬Ǻǲģ
ףô˵Ҳ˵ģΪһ̤ȥ½֪˻ܵۡ
ôȥˣǸһ۶й
ܹѴ֮ӴȻòˣǷҪֵĻǱҲ㣡
׿˵Ѿ˳׼
ֻ׾һӵˡ
ֻһ߾Ҫˣֱ߸

ڻǲأ
ֻ˼ҺĺҪˣôô˵أ
˵ˣҲѾûκε·ˣ
Ȼںһٵȷ׵ûȥӡ
ϴĻȻҲҪġֻΪûȫ֮ߣηûκε壡һε˵
ڱǰҲţ
׿ҲЦһ
ֻ仰һε
ѾţԽԽû˰ǰҪţ
ܶϲŮ˵ĸǰţŮĸǰţĿɲһˡ
ڿ׾Ȼ˵˸оЦĻԶˡ
ЦһֹӣΪ
ݼ̫
ڸ˵ֻѾǲ֪ߵǰ档
̫Ӹۡελ𾳳ڵǿߣ
ֻʲôǿߣڿҲʮصġ
Ρ
ѾǻָԼԭģȻЩɪɪ
̫̫ӵ·Ըûκ˶ýΣĻǡǵҪʾ̫ӵ¡
Ϊ׵˿Ҳһͷ
̫Ӻ̫ʲôҲﲻ𰡣
һɣüͷҪôÿʱ˵ûҪôھԴҡ
⡭ֻʱѾ˽ȥ˿׺ӰΪ֮ҲǵϽ̫ͨӵ£ҪȻǿﲻ𡭡
ͬʱ
̫ӵ֮УһȵĺϷ




3721  
 

̫Ӹۡ
Ѻ̫֮ˣҲԼ֮ˣӣ
ʱ˫ѾǱϹ˾⣬ﱻƣ
һ˿˿ĴӵϳȥֱһĽĳ˶Ԩ
ʱϼûһģҲǾ
Լˣһ˲ģ
ͻȻӿһɺڵĸо
ӦһƴӣֻһǰᣬǾ˲ܼ棡
ʱΪ˵Ӧû㻰û뵽ǣӱһҵģ
ӡ
ĽԭһϢȻѡ
·Щ˼һҡҡͷȻһεĽԼĶ׼
硭𣿡
ӵЩɳƣĿǰӦΪõһˣ
ӣôôģ
ֱӵϣ˫ҲǲסĶţȥʮֵı
ģôҲû뵽ġ
û뵽ǣԼ˾ȻԼߣÿȴ˵Ŀ̼尾
ԼÿʳţȴǱ߱̾ٿ׵ŭˣ
״˿ɫҲʮֵѿֵϲ֮УЩ㡭ôģ
ҡġ̵
ȡңҪҪң֪Ѿ̫ˣѾûκεźˣ
ӸϽ֪һ޴顣
һŭǸʱԼȻϧԼҲҪ
Ӳ뿴ԼİŮԼĸǰȻȴܹܵõԼİŮ˵ǹȡ
ôˣԼһһǾ㹻ˣ
Ѿûлͷ·ˣۿͨ죬ıӣƺҲԸɿһ㡣
һ·һεĻص˵꣡
ЩĻֻˡôˣҾҪһԼôһԸ޺ˡ
ڻδ־Ȼһ氡
׵뵽ӵĶУӶ쳣
һԻ˵ƺԼΪ֣ҲЩȦ
һεϸķֱʱ˲ӯ
ʥʥϣ𣿡
Ȼ˫ѾϹˣʶڣ˳Ÿղ˵ķֱԼдһЩʶϵ̽ŶԷ
ſ
׵һ˿ϣӷһεĻصɽսʱ
ʶſԼͣܿĵҩǲҪĿʼзӿ롣
ܿ죡
׵ĻֱӰס˶ӣ
ʥϣ㡭ʲô㻹ǸϽ߰ɣٲ߾ˣ
ӿף۾Ѿǻˣ
۾ΣӻƵĿ¾Ҫĵˡ
ĻԳԼ¶ܹ޸Լ˿ˡ
ʲôģȻȫ֮ߣ
̾һӣһһɣ֮ǰѾȰüˡ
ʥϣ綼ѾΪˣӿ㣬Ҳżˡ
һ޺ĸоԼİŮԼҲû뵽Ǹɽ߳ƵʥϣҲˣ
ӻʲô˵أ
Ҫ˵ԼĵǣǾԲǵԼĲ飬ҲǵԼİΣ
ǵֻ׺˶ѣ
Դ֮ѾǳΪһЦһ񼶱Ĵˡ
ôҾͲܳΪЦŵ
ɶŰûҲ̽Եʵ
ЦһӦ޽ڣ
ǽҲ˵Ϊ붫޵ǺԶ֮ǰһҪȥĵѰһʥϵš
Ҳ֪˵ʲôˣ⽣ڵȷǾǶ޵ǳĽ
ֻǵʱ֪⽣ڵʱǼһձڲõνĺţ
ԭΪԼʥϵ϶ҲǴɱķ
û뵽ԼλʥҲһįŵһѣ
ӿӦҲǸո𲽶ѣ
һԵܹô̵ʱȡ˽˵ĳɼѾǷǳˡ
ӹһֵǣҪɽ磬ƨ
ЦҡҡͷѰ˼ڰ׵Ļ˵ƺҲƨ
̸ЦȴԼںδʱһǿʶ˲סεĳڣ
ţѾûС




3722  ŭ̫
 

õúܣõúܣ
ӺסĵĻʱһ˵ĶУ
ţһһӰѾǳ˵֮У
㣡
ӿǸͷڵӣ񼸶
ˣԼŮˣԼҸǿеķֿԼԼ֮ˣ
ϧһд۵ĲкԼǿģ
ӣû뵽㾹Ȼû

̫ӣҲ֮¼ȨƵ̫ӣ
˵ʵòֻ츳׿֮ȴֻˡ
̫ڴ֮е츳ߣҲϲ
ƽʱЩΪǣЩ˴ŵġ
Ȼˣ
һеÿʲôˣǶһ֮Ҳνˡ
֪׺֮ĹϵӲ֪׵ʲôġ
㵹ϣֻϧҵһֱȽӲʧˣ
ԭͲ̫ӣһѡ
ֻʱΪʵ̫ټԼŮ˱в
Ҳûκΰ취飬أ
Ѿǳ׵ͨˣ˲һ
ܻڣѾĶ˲
ټʥߣҲĴ
û뵽ˣ㾹Ȼ˶Դ
֮дһ˿ɺ֮ɫ˫Ҳ
óӦѾܵĳּĴ̼ƺһαѣЩҵĸо
ģҲ֪ԼûκεĻͷ·ˡ
ԣ
Ǿ͸ŸɺˣͶһɥʧˡ
Щ꣬ԱӵֶοԼĻ뿪ˡ
üͷ䣬֮дһ˿ĺâԼʲôԼû𣿡
ôһ¼ҲᲢ㾹ȻΪһ½̫֮λ
ЩĶţоԼһĿҪըˡ
ֻ¶һ˿мЦЩʲôأĿ㣬ûг֮ǰ͸ˡ㲻˵ϲ𣿿ôأ
㻹ҪôҰܸһжˣЩӡ
һԵӵϲңӦףǡοҲΪδ䣬ҪǱ񣬶ǲк񣡡
ǹ
Ц̫Ӹۡһ˿֮ɫ
Ц֮УŵһĨɱ¾
ΪһŮˣ
Ѿ˾׵ˣŮƺڽԶ
һηˣ
һһУڴ̼һԵ
Ӵ˿ҲЩˣȷЩָ̬о˲
ЦʲôЦҲЩĶš
ֹͣסԼЦݣٸһλᣬǻصߣ͵ûз
ҪҲأ
Ҳд˾ǿ֮ɫ
ʵϣ⿪ﻹʲôͷأ
Ҫ㲻ĻǱԸ㣬˽ܵµĿ̣ٺ١
ԾԨĶħһ㣡
ļ¿̣Ǹ֮˶֪ġ
ǵļ尾Զļ尾ҪʹĶ࣬˵û˿Կùֿ̡
֮֮ǰûܵĿ̣ΪҪһﵱɳв
ֻڣѾûҪˣ
㡭ҡҲŵЩɫҰס
Ȼ˭ҲԸ⾭ǵȵĿ̲
֪Ըģƺûбҵ飡Цһ
ʥϣǸƴˡ
ŭһһ׵
׵Цһ̫ӹȻһ㰡һ־ļ¿̣ӵͦġ
Ǻˣƺ֮ˣôĸ֪ۡʲô
ףǹһ˿Цݣƺûн׷С
㸸׹ˣҲҸ˵ױ֮ӵš
ҵɽ˰һ֮ڤ˵ⷬ㲻ЩЦ𣿡
˵ʵ
ʶЩҲʶġ
ǰ֮ˣøʲôﰡ
˵һε
ƾ𣿾ųϣô֪֪˭ڵ
׾ȻֱԼĸ׹Ҳǳ׵ŭˡ
һսƺѾǲɱˡ




3723  ˭˭
 

֮У
һȺ˼ǳ׵׵Ľεĳ·ˡ
֮ǰĳ飬ͻȻ֮ţҲǴһ˾͸ϻˡ
⼸˷ǵûܣ˸ţȻܻˣ
Ҫ֪˽һεĻΪЦ
֮ǰڱ˴ñ֮Ѿǳѹ
˿̣
Ѿʵˣҵô˵ʵˣ
Ժȥ֮ôˣ
ԽҪЩͳͳնɱҪйߣ
ֻЩ᲻ղŹʹĻǸһλᡣ
Ǹȴ֪ϧ
Ѿŭˣû뵽ʱһϲװġ
ȻҪԼĸ׹
ʲô
ԼǲǳԴʲôҩˣȻҪ˵
ͷˣһԵλųȴЩֹ
˵һĵ̣˭ҸôŰ裿
ȻҪ
ⲻ㶺ˣǾ˼µİ
ֻǾųԼҲЩƵǣѹҲûмǰӡ
ųϻǰüͷ֪ºźڣкιɣ
˵ˣңĶ۸˱ڵֵܣѲɲҪһ𣿡
׿Ǿųϣ˵һģ
Ӻ˿̱վ׵ҲǶѡ
о˵ľ͸һ
ֻ壬ֺйʲôģ
нĻҲӦǸĽŷұнҲӦǸǰ׵нѣ
˼ҸųϺ˵ľ͸Ĳࡣ
ò˵
׵ǱȽϵǿģһһ͸ŵĶǹš
ųҲòСĽ
һ˵ĻųҪ׼ˡ
ʶ峤ˣųϳʵ
˲֪𣿡׷ʵ
峤ڴ£κ˶߶ţȻ֮ǲЩʱˣųЦ
ŭһųϣʲôֱɱ˾ˣκ鱾𣡣
̫ӣֵƮҡ֮ʣ峤˴ǰҵ͵£ҵǳʲô˳Ļ
ųЩһԵ
ֻѾǱгͷԣŭһĻѲɾųϻҪڶ𣿡
ǺðɣȻ̫⣬ϾȽץ˵ɡ
ųϲľ̫ӣҲ֪̫ӵӰǷǳĴġ
ԥһ֮󣬾ųƺѾλ̫ˣ
ǾųϿǰ֮ʶǸ峤йϵĿԼ΢΢
ЩϵҲ峤߼һСආɣ
һʵһ㣬û뵽װıµѧġ
ڼȻ̫˵ҪȫеĻǸųϲûʲôϵ
ڲ붯֣ͱˣǿɾͲҪֱˣ׵˵
ʵҲ֪⣡
ʱҪȻǲܵˣ
Ϊ֮ƣǲ׾Ͷˡ
ΪʲôײȥѰΪô
񣬸Ͳһˣ
һҼҳСһ㣬һȫǿԼʵˡ
Բѣ廹δ˵ĵز
ųϿףҲЩŭˡ
ǰСӿʮֵſʮֵĲˬôҲľųϡ
ƽʱʱ˭ֱ棿
Ҳǽ̫ӵĸۡҲ̫ӽЩʧȥǣĻ̫ӿԼҲֲǣ
Բ֪ˣ
׵һ˿ЦţһѾʧһƬռ֮У
ԭˮйͨķһ̿ȥ©ٳ
ʵϣ
ӣκˣǶδֵӡ
ǱܵΪһʵ
ų壬ǿǾþǿˣ˵лǸУ
׸ղһȴѾЩĿ࿴ˣ
̫ӸۡϿգ׵Ӱøߴޱȡ
Ǿųϸոճһ̣ܵһɼΪǿϢ
ײδκεԥ֮ɫֱӼ˾
ֵһ̣ǵϿշ·𶼿Ǿ
ͬʱ
ܲĳ֮УȻԼ˫ۣ֮ľҲǻһ




3724  
 

ܲ
ĴϺͶϵڷδơ
ʵϣ
Ҳûж೤ʱ䣬֮ĵһǿʼ嵽ж𾳺ڵǿߣ
ȻϣҪܶĹ
Ͼܹȵ֮ĿʼЩɣ
ķ֮Уλϡ
иһͬǰƹȵĶϺҲǺȻλС
ֻǻδ̸⣬֪Ϊʲô˴λ֮ƺǷࡣ
żλϿ֮ʣһ쳣̶֮͸ǣ
⡭ǡ
ϿǾһӱЩ
һԵϵĪĪݵˣ
ʲô˵ʲô
ϺλϿŶϺǾģҲüʵ
ߣӣ
ǾڵķһѪӿ
ϴ˿̿񽹼ģҲǳǷӦ̫Ӹۡ峤ˣ⵽ô£
֪⵽ô£һЦܿٲȥĻǸӿһ˿ϣûˡ
Ȼ˸նɱ𣿡Ͼʵ
ߣߣ
ıʮֵ֪Ϊʲô˼ͻȻǰȴԼӵĸ϶ˡ
֪׵Ըģλǳвɳӣ
ҲһʲôҶֵ
ʲôطǶ顣
ʵһ˶ֵĻĲᵱ£ĵ֮ʲôԼв
ǸոմƹȻ֮ǰ׶֮ʱóöǵӡʵ̫ˡ
˵ʵ
Ϊ
Ǵӵ׵ĻпҪˡ
ΪǾۣ͡ǴơʵԸ棬Ƕŷǳ϶Ȱ
ĵҪǾģֻûк˼ڶѣ
ڿǲ˵˼ݵˣ
̫ӵĸۡ
˴۾һĻˣ
һԵӺǶΪӦòǾųϵĶ֣
Ҫ֪ľųϣҲʮǿ֮һ
Ȼʮǿ֮ĩɼĩҲʮǿߡ
˵УҲϵĴڣ
أ
ʮǿ֮һľųƺ׵ǰѾЩ̧ͷˡ
һȭ
׵ȭͷѾֱ־ųϵţųұΪ۵ĻͷҪ䱬ˣ

ųϵұۣѾѪģȥΪֲ
һУһȭ
׵ǿѾһ˶һ
˿ҲǲסԼĭһҪܵĳ嶯
֪ԼԲӣˣԺԼ廹ô찡
׵󣡣
ͻδ£еֲ˼һԵӼ޶
֡ͰǵǸһİɣ
һԵӣҲǼʵ
Խǿ󣬶˵ǾԽϣ
ҵ찡ųϾȻʥϵ߲һغϣ⡭Ҳֲ̫˰
Ӵ˿ҲӿȣλɽҲѾվĶ˰
ǿߣԶһǿ֮İ
һ̣
ӾԼûиˣԼ֮ʣʥ޷˵Ĺ˲
̾˵̫̫˲˼ˣ̫˼ˡһĻϣҲ˵ء
Ӵ˿Ĵ˷ܵ˵ʥϸ˵ȻȫİհһλĿӳ찡
㵽˭
Ӻ˽֮ʣŭһ
׵˵㲻֪𣿡
᣿ŲŴ᱾֪ʲôڣ
Щղ׵ĳֱȫ
ֲɵӣʵǷǳϧģ
ڿͣȻľȴˡ
׳Ŀ̫ӣʵЩʧһ㶼ûߵʣ
ߣҲƾ֮ˣŸ⼸£֮Ԯ
ݺݵĿףѾһôˣ
һ￴ȥʮֵѲɲԸ飬ڼǴ򲻹ǳսҲýһ
峤ݵ
ԼС̵ʱһ֮һ㣡
Լľȱˣ
˿һεĿ׵ʱѾվ˵ǰ棬·һηʿһ㡭




3725  ݵ
 

塭峤ˡ
˿̿һԵӣϳ˵֮ɫ
̾һǸǻǻ㲻һˡ
ӣ˵ʲô۲۵ģ֮仹Ҫ˵ЩֻǺ
ʮֵףǹƥͿԽˣ
һ
ŵ˾ûдġ
ֻϧǣ
ȷ̫ʢһЩǿϧˣ
˿̿Ǳ࣬ҲǴһԹŮ᱾Ҫǳһʵ
Ҳͻ㱾¶ѡ
Ҳŭһ
ôˣˣ˭ûأ
Ц˼˵ǰҲЩѳĸо
㡭޳ܣ
û뵽ˮ׼Ȼ˵ĵӣĻȻ˵óڣ
׿һԵӵ˵øһ֮һʶ
֮ˣ׵ĻͷƤһըѡ
ݵȻı£ܲܵնɱɣ
һ򲽽ϵɵɱǵý¶ĳް
վ治ʲô˼׵ʶ˲ţһӽ
⡭
һĽŲ𣬷ûÿһ˵ķ֮С
ĵʱһ㣡
ǰ棬ɫʮֵѿ
鿴ǣĲԼĶӣеһԼǿѹ飡
ʣôأ˾ųѣֻǴʵҵһҲǷӦ
ĵҲ̳Լ׵ĸǰһ̵Сܹȥ
𣿡
Ļʷʣ·𻹴һ˿ĳ֮ɫ
ֻܹó
̵ʴˣоųϻڶֵ򣬺˵ѣ
˵˵𣿡һ£
ʲʲô£
Щ㵵ĿΪԼˡ
һԵĴҲǳ峤ˣδ峤Ҳ峤һ¶ôҲõ¹򰡣⡭
ϣ峤˼Ȼù£Ȼ峤˵ĵͲҪ˵ˣ
Щ۵ĿŴϣҲǼüŪ۵˵
ϣʲô¹֮ϻǱ߾
ĴЦһ嶼ûˣʲôȥ̸ϣӣ
״ˣҡҡ
һЩ֪˵ʲôˣԼĸ״ôķŭģ
ڵĲ֪ΪʲôԼĸ״˻˵Ķŭ
ϻǰǻ峤ˣȻˣǸӦýϣһϰ
ģΪһŮ˴󶯸ɸꣿŪ涪ļһ֮ǰѾǰһƨˣû뵽Ȼһ١ٶĻˡ
ĻôϸоЩԾڿϺϵһֱüŪۣƺЩӦ˹
ҪյΣһֵƹһû뵽ôͼأҵ֪Ȼӭݵ
壬ڿǲ𣡡׵˵
ǿһ˿ЦݵЦˡֻǲ֪Ϊθӡ
ӣӦʶĵİɣ׵ʵ
ƺ쵽ʲôãһʱҲû뵽Ӹ֮䵽ʲô
ƺˣҲǴɽǿߣ˵ӸЩϵء
ֻԼĶѾǿ춪ˣҲܲôˡ
⡭ȻʶЩε˵֪ԭӸ׵Ĺϵˡ
׿񵭵˵ڵֵܴܴ裬֪һʲôĽ
ֵ֡ܣ㵵ʵ
˵ֵܣ
һеƾ䣬ǽӴҲԹԡӵȷǸ
ףҲɨһ֪׷ʲô飬ѾǲԼƿ֮ˡ
׵˵˵ڵȷǿһǧһΣ鱾ֻһԹߣ˵ͨڵֵܣǱ޻˵
״ˣ⡭ô°
˿̶ͷϸֱð֪׷ʲô飿
ôĻ֮УΨһԶ϶ǣǰ˲ʶԼĸʡ
ԼĸЩͽˣһ뵽ߣ˶ˡ
Ӻ˿ҲһĿɿڴĿһС
񻺻Լһ˿ĪĽš




3726  ֪
 

̫ӵĸ֮ۡУ
˿̵鼫ΪĸӣһİΣһԼӵ
˵ʵ
ԼӣЩɸ֣
ΪһŮӣȻŴоʧľٶ
ԼĶӣֱʹɱˡ
ֻǻʳӣˣ
ϾԼĶӣôȥʹɱأ
Ѿòˣ˵ֻҪԭ㲻׷ĻѾһ̲ˡ
˿̵ҲǼΪĸӣôҲû뵽һ徹ȻԼĸ״˵ıϥ
ЩţʵʵѾֲŲˡ
ӡ
˿̿ӣ鼫Ϊĸӡ
Ȼ𾪣֪϶ʥˡ
ӶûκεĺøУȻ˿̿ЩĪĽţɽҲ
Ȼ磬ĵλˣڣ
ӺܿԼ峤ˣкָ̡
ָ̲ҵ֮ǰ֮¡
ЩεĿӣ֮аݵĽɫҲʮֵĹʡ
Щ˵֮ޣ峤ΪΣ
ɱ
ҲֱԲ˵˵ҸôĻôֻҪʵȻġ
ԣʱҲûκεĽ顣
ĸĻΨһĸһЩ
״ˣôܡ
˿ʮֵĽţԼĸ赭д³ֵʱ˸оһѪӿ
ŭһôѲΪɱôΪ֮ӣڿѾǱʬˣ
״ˣ˭ҡҿĶӰ
ȥһ˿Ĳ֮ɫû뵽֮ǰǸԱԼļһȻܹƿ
ⲻϣģҲˣ
ӣ
ѾһһļһھȻͷ
ĳ϶ԼĸҲ˵Ĳ
ȴ治ΪΪ˾ӦǧС
˭֪Ψһİ취Ǳ죬Ȼӷ䣡
ŭһһﵽڻ
һΪԼܹ»ص۷塣
أ
һεĿĶʱһֱĵĸо
Ͻס죿
ϴ˿Ҳǿ˲ԾĵطҲʹĶգ۾
Ҳ
ҲһƢԼΪ̫ӣҲδпܳΪ峤֮ˡ
û뵽ԼԼĵϾȻܵ˵ܴ衣
ʵϣ
ûиһǣԼĸ״˾ǲܶԼֵġ
ӿһʥȣǸѣ
ʥϣЩüӡ
ӵ˵ɽ磬ҵ֮ʣ
ߣ״ˣ嶼ܹͷôͼͨȴ̼֮񵹸ΪԼˡ
ֻһ㣬ҪĻһʼͲˣ
ƽʱϰˣһʧȥһж
ž
֮ʣһӰѾ˵ĸǰ
һƵٶ֮죬̾Ϊֹ
̫һֱӸɷɳȥʮ֮Զ
ӣ
ŭˣû뵽Լӳ˲֮⣬Ȼ˵Ĳ֪ˡ
Ҳ峤ˣȻʥҾ̫ӵӱ㶷˵ˡ
ӣԭø㣬ֻǱ֮ӣϣӿڱ֮ϣһɺã
ʱһ峤Ŀȥһף
һ峤Ϊ帶ѪȻ峤ô˵ˣ᲻峤أ
ߣӣɱңĻԺȻܣ
һƴѾǳ׵ʧȥǡ
ղŵ飬иһַ̣
ӣԼȡ֮ˣû뵽ھȻƿԼ
Ҫ֪а
κһˣԼǰ¶ģټǸ߸ϵ̫ӣ
ȴΪ׸ĸĹȥ

ƺȡֳ׵ļŭˣһԵĴϿΣҲǾ֣
ֻϵĳƺЩˣ
һ̣
ֱָӴԼӵĵδɱȴҲѾǷһˣ
׵֮¶һ˿Ȼδ˵
һԵѾĿɿڴĿǰһУȻĶԼĶӶˡ




3727  ӲĴϣ
 

̫ӵĸۡ˿һƬž֮
֮ŭǱ֮ŭ
ֻһ֮ŭȻĿ׼ԼĶϡ
λֿȵ̫ôĲֻӵĻԴͬ
Ȼᣡ
ֻ̾Ĺȴǰһûκε֮ġ
ȻˣӻһģǾԺ廹ȥ첻ȥ
ϾԼ˿¾ˡ
׿֣˴ףʵᱲ֮ģ
ЦˣӲ֪ô
ףҲЩԥʵ
ʵϣ
ҪΪĴԺһȷء
ӵĹϵǱȻһġ
ҪôҪôһ
־棬Ȼȥɣ
Ȼ֪׵˼ҲΪ֪׵˼Ʋѣ
Ϊ֮ƣ
ҲֻкƤˣֻ׵ЦһѾܵ˵ĳͷԺ֪ôˣ
峤ˣȻйɡôҲﲻ˰
һӵģ̫֮ǾֵģҲЩ۰
ֻ֪ǣ֮ľͲ
ʵ׿ô֪ԼҲ̫ˡ
ô֮㻹ʲô𣿡һʵ
һԵĶ̵ϣ峤κεľٶΪİΣǣ
İΣϣŻңѲһͿԾİΣô
һҲĶŭˣԼ֧֮ѾǷˣ
ͺñԼһͻȻ֮ˡ
˭Ҳܰɣ
֮ǰһֱϣܹ̣û뵽ǳĽ֣
ʢŭ֮£Ҳǳ׵ķŭˣ
ϣô˵峤ˣ
Ͽɲɣ˵׻ǵ£ǣ
˵꣬׼תȥ
ŴϣҲˣ£ΪϻѾΣڵϦȻߴ̣Ǳ֮ӣҪôǱôã
峤ҪȨѹˣҲ˻ȥ
׵˵λִˣôִȥľΣˣ
ƨΣղΣգ˵𣿡
ϲһԵľųϣһֻһԵŭһ
ĪڼЦһʵ
ϵȷûͣʲôأֱ˵ʵ
Ҫ˵׵˵ǱֵΣ
㣿ǣǾŴm֮Ҳ˵Ĵʴʡοôһ֮
ʵҲǸɫ˻֮δἰ¡
ΪΪܣ֪ȻԽԽˡ
ԭҪȵ׻֮λ£ֻһʵЩ̫ͻȻˡ
ôǣǧ֮ڱȻΪ֮Цһ
ԲѡϸҪ׼˵ȥʵЩֱӵˣʵ㻹Ҫȡֵʲôʱ򣿡
峤ˣҪĻԻ𣿡ŭһ
һԵ;ųϣʱܹ갡
ǾֻҪܹվڴһߣǰ۵֮ˣӺˣǶ·һ
վһߣʲôù
Ϊǻôŭһ
⡭ôܣϵ֮ǲ֮ɫ
ŭ֮µ޵֪Ӧòٰɣ֪
⡭Ȼ֪Щε˵
ѾΪһˣ
ǡܴʲôϵЩȻˡ
˵һȻ˵ʲôҪڼħأ
λħ⡭ôܣǸmҲǲ̫ԶˡЩˡ
ϣڼĴأϳ
⡭Ĵ弴Ǵm֡ôᡭ
ϵ֮дһ˿֮ɫ˵֮ǰǻЩ׵ĻôѾû뷨ˡ
ܹͣôǿ߳Բǿ
ߣ᣿òˣڴһһ漣˷ǰΪ𣿡ŭһ
ϻӲ˵ܹƿشޣɡôأ˴οΣķһm𣿡
Ǳھ㿪ۺˡ
׿Ŵϣһֱ˿ԼҲЩˣ




3728  ׷
 

֮Σ
ڴϿѾһ֣ȻһֱҪı״
޵˶֪ⶫ޵Σķ
ˣѾǱһƿء
Ҫ֪һ޵֮䣬ǿŲɵ͵ĶԹġ
뵱
һ磬ǱһСආѡ
Ǹʱİһ弸ͬһСѣûκεĵλԵġ
ֻǺһ岻ƽǼҪ״
ʷĳ֮УһȺԿʧܶա
ǰεʱͬͬķĹһĴ治֮
һȻԲģҲŭˣ
ֱѹһ壬Ҳյֱԭ
һԶڤĳ䣬ҲϢĿʼҷ֮·
ֻǰһ嶼ǲ²Ҳûгɾʲô
ʮһ𽥵γһɼΪǿ
һһİǿ߲ϵӿ֣˷˼ͬʱҲǳưڤ
Ҫ֪ڤνİһλã
İһأ
ٲȻѾǳΪڤΪǿ壬û֮һ
һ󣬻ݷͷǿmΪܡ
ǿϣҰѾȻҡ
ܶm壬Ƕһ̬ܶ˲֪Σ٣mͰһΪ
ⲻ֪ȴǵĽǱūۣ
Ȼˣ
Щ֮УаǻģйģΨ޺Ͷ޵ûκε·ġ
Ϊһ׵ĿǴ޺Ͷ޵
һ޵ݣ½Ǵˣ
ΪһǰƹȣʵѾǸоΣٽ
˵һε˴ᣬ¾Ƕ޵Ŀʼˡ
ҺãһףҲչֳ˼Ϊǿоһ˿ϣ
ֻϣһͻԼĶӺ˵Уʱв֮
úúãϵҪôɹѹصģˣԸԲл
Ϊ羳ǿߣҲϡȱԴ
һҲô羳ǿߣ˵һǾǼΪС⡱ˡ
ųһҲŭһҲԸԲл
ȥŭɶֱ˵ĺ
׵˵񲻱ضŭÿһ㣬㶼ҪµĻǱҪæˣ
ֱֻ²ϣһһ˿
ʵϣ
Ҳ֪׵ʲôķ
ʵǷǳĲ˼ģƹȵֱ֣Դһġ
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Ȼ֪ǵĶǰһ壬Ӧ֪һǿ˰ɣ
Ѿǳ׵˺ˣҲһŲõʵ
ЩȴҲ̫ش֪ĺˣ׷ʵ
Ҳֻ֪һЩ֪ĲͰ羳ǿ߶ԣ˵һѾǳλˡ
ϿףҲ
Ѿ֪ˣֻǴϿ֪ΪʲôһͻȻôİ羳ǿߣ
׿ŴϣҲЩ֮Աǵʵ
ɫһ˭֪
ǣȻ֪޵֮ΣλΪβŪ˵ĵϸĪǾ߻Եɱ
׿Ŵϣ˺ܶࡣ
⡭⵽ȥ˽⣿վ˵۰ĪѾ˽˲ɣ
׼ԣҲǻ
ʵϣ
̽ģֻһܶڸ߲㡣
ôİһǿ߶Կ
Ҳǲ֮ˣû뵽ھȻΪ˱˹Լ©ˡ
Ͼڹĵǣ˵Ǻ
ŴһϣһٶĸᣬִȥĻǡ
񲻱ڸղ˵ˣȻϲǱھˡղŴϲʱڵ˽ⲻ˽һĵϸǱھ͸𰸺ˡƺг˵
Щ㵵ʵѲѾ֪ˣ
²̫ܰɣҲǲʵ
Ҫ֪֮ǰ֪һ飬һλضһˣѲɾʲô֪ˣ
ڲ֪ҡҡͷ
ԭΪԼҪ׵ĻҲǳ˵ղŵĻǳЦ
ڲ֪û֪˵
˵꣡
˵ĸǰһȰӰǰ֮˲Ǳˣ֮ǰٶǳֵĳľ




3729  Ŀɿڴ߲
 

ľ
һʵҲǱȽϱһڰһŵĻ϶ʲô鶼ûС
һ˼ȽϵĶ࣬˷ٶγԬΣһҲëԼġ
ʵ˶֪ʲôĿģ޷ǾԴѣ
ٶΪ½ڤ֮࣬ˮ֪ˡ
ʵϣ
ľԬȷŲɸ˵Ľ׺ĻֻϧԬδξѾǱնɱ
ľҲǳΪ׵ˣ
˵һγľǸԬ˷۱ˡ
⡭m˵ĳųԱ֮һĳľ
񿴵ľһ̣ɫҲЩˡ

һڱ֮˿¶Ҫһˡ
ľôߣϵҲǳ׵ľˡ
ľ
׿һ۳ľϴһ˿ϵ
ľﻹ֮ǰ׶սʱְ׾󿴵èһ㡣
˵ľԼ֪Լ׷ʲô
ֻһǾ׵޷Υġ
ľһݼݼλߣ
⡭ľʲô˼ǰһĳô
ףҲһʵȻľЩʴˡ
һԵλ߲㣬ѾĿɿڴˣ
˵һ˶ǲҪ֡
ıץˣҪǳĻǼǲܵġ
ǰһ֮УսūĿںţ
Ҳһֱ񣡣
û뵽ǰλһĳǿߣȻ׺˵Ĺ
ʵһԵ֮Щ۾ĸо
ʵ۷˳ľѾˣ
ľ⻰˵ЩģֻԼЩ֪
׿һ۳ľϴһ˿ɵʵľһӵжλ羳ǿߣ
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һٵλôࣿһεķʵ
ľ֪һʮǰ峤֮Ϳʼˣÿǧ궼ͳһλ羳ǿߣ
ÿǧһλҪǳɳȥĻԺ羳ǿֶˣ
񾪿ֵĿųľʵ
ƺûбҪƭɣľĻӦ
Ҳֲ̫ˣ
ϽҡҡͷǸоһĿԶûС
ĻǼûκεˡ
ֻİ羳ǿһֱǷǳȶֶʱ˶İ羳ǿߵ飬ʵ޷⡣
羳ǿߣǣľѾǰ羳ǿˣ
˾Ų˼֮ʣ׵һ˵ķӦ
⡭϶ǰɣ
ľôһʣҲЩˡ
𾳺ڵǿǿѣѾԽǿߣǰ羳ǿʲôأ
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⣬֮ǰľֵʱѾǸ֪ˡ
˵绹һ׼ȷķֱ֮Ļôֻף
ˣҲ֪Ļ֮ʲô
ڽսʱ򣬼ǳľЩ죬ΪҲǻ֮һ֣
ļʶĻ֮֮ˣĻǾԲܱϳʲôǻ֮ġ
ǰ羳ǿ𣿡Щ㵵ʵ
һԵĴЦһǵʵԽ𾳺۷壬ǰ羳ǿʲôأѲԼһµľ𣿡
ϼȻǰ羳ǿߣӦܹ֪һЩ֮ɣֻ֮Ƥëѡ
ʵ
׳ЦһȻ˰羳Ļ绹ʮǧĲءԱڵĻòҪɡ
㡭
ϻҪףΪҲ
Ѿǲǲǰ羳ʲôأ
ǰҵȲǰ羳ʲôأľ˿ҲЩ±Ƶ״̬
ԭһֱΪǰ羳ǿߣŸо񲢲ô°
ΨһԿ϶϶ǰ羳ǿߣǵȽϵĹ죬ƺһطǿеĽڵĵſ𾳺۷
׿ųľҲǳ
ſ⡭⡭ľˣ
׵ͷ˵ֱһ㣬ʵϾ൱ڷĳʵĵҩһ㣬ֻܹ֧ôʵñڸо˼飡
ʵϣ
Լ˼飬ľ˶ò˼顣
ǻΪԼѾǽ˰羳û뵽ֻõҩάֶѣ
ĻǶ˺ޱȾ޴󣿡Щֵʵ
üǱڲ²ⲻһǿӦϲȥˡ




3730  α羳
 

׵һϯóľҲЩ𾪣
Ҳǵͷ֮ǰÿһʱ䣬ͻһλǿΪĳʵ϶Ѿʮλ֮ˣ
ÿһʱ䣬ҲһЩǿߵǰɣһεʵ
ľҲǾ˵ô֪ģ
Ͷˣνİ羳˵α羳ѣЩȻ˵
һԵһĿʵα羳⵽ôһ°
ǱϲĻһӦǲĳִ̼ǱܵһַάЩ˵ĸս
׵ĻǿѨ磬ΪѰĵҩ֧ôá
ǵҩôЩ˵ʲôԭأ
˼ȥ
뵽һ㣬ǾǼǱܣ
ʵϣ
νļǱܵǹȵı˵ǱȻڶʱڿʮֵǿ
ʱһԺȹȵĴıȻϵˡ
ö֮ĽȻǿ֪ˡ
ľĻʵҲѾӡ֤һ㣡
ǡôĺʲôľ˿̿Щŵʵ
²ؼ߸߹
ѾǹϵԼˣľţ棬ʱҲǽŲѵġ
㣬ûнܹһЩһķʽԼʵ׿ųľĿһ
ľ̵ͷȻˣʱ峤˵һַҵȿٵĽ羳ÿֻһλᣡ
ԼȡģһЦʵ
ǡǵȻˣȽݾ˭أľҲֱ׵˵
˵ľκһ𾳺۷ǿߣ˭ΪΪֿȵİ羳ǿߣ
ǿ֮·ÿһе룬Ҳ⡣
ֻʵǲпģڤİ羳ǿߵҲôࡣ
ȽݾԼٲյĻҪ
׹һЦλΪ֮ͨ·ʵͨȪ·Ʊ
ơȪ·ľ׵ɵˡ
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Ȼǲ²⣬Ҳǰ˾ŲʮġʵνĴ̼Ǳܵ˵磬ɽҲѰٵķġϾַһãԼ츳֮·׵Ķˣ
׿Ҳǵ˵
Ǵģô˷˲
ȻˣЩԭʵڣֻǺԽԽ죬뷨ҲԽԽࡣ
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ⲻԾĹȻ֮ڿģɴӳԶķչһ洦ûаü
ǰһǺѾһͳˣõʱȡԴǲǿѸٵһε׳ֻ˰λ𾳺ڵǿ߶ѣ
׳һȷǶԼʮֵĲ̡
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ǰԼǣ峤ˣλ𾳺ڵĴ۾ͿԻڶԴǰһδ޵ķչһǷǳֵð
һҲƵƵͷȻ˵ʮֵе
ǡô죿ҲЩʵ
Ȼ˲ǰ羳ǿߣǵʵ֮羳ǿҲǲġ
취׿Ҳ΢΢һЦ
Ȼ취ʾ¡
̬ԽԽˣҲǹǫʵ
Цһһͼ򵥶ˣİ羳ǿߣԴһ塣
⡭ȷǼ򵥣ֻǡֻ̫ˣ΢΢ҡͷ
ڶǾǺˣһϢɢȥΪ취ĳɹҲߡ
׿Ҳεʼ
ʵ
Ψʵܹŷ߱Ķ
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࣡
˵ĺһЩֵĿ׵ô̵ʱڣ˼ǡ
һԣҲֻһԶѣ׻ȸһ𾳺۷ǿߣԵ
׵ѾһУʵʩѶʵҲǷǳ֮ġ
ģһ˳֮УΪһƺǵⷶΧ
ǵҪ˵ģǿأ
Ѿһεˡ




3731  ׼
 

ܹץסľܹܵһϢѣ
ʱվ˶ǷǳĽš
ֻ˵ЩȥҲǱȽϵġ
ԭ׼ֹϣҲˡ
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ǲɹΣһεʵʲôʧʲô취Եһ𣿡
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ҪһʶڿʼѾĴˣҲǳ
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΢΢ҡͷܹﵽ𾳺۷ǿߣ츳ѾûжˣֻǸԽԽðɣ
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𾪵ǣһǿǴֱʰҪʮλ羳ǿ߰
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׹һ£ʮλ𾳺ڵǿߣҪһϵĻ֮
׿ɲðŷսеĻ֮ȫ㳲ʱԼǱˣ
ο֮ǳĻɲϣʱԼҪʱʲôûУ
ʮλ
֮ǰļޣ滹дʧܵķյġ
յܹɹ٣ǻһδ֪أ
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޵߲ĻѾٿȻλ峤ʮֵпյ뷨
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ϾȻҲ֪ڶ޵Ǹʲôˣ
Ĺ򣡣
ʮλ𾳺ڵǿѾϤվ׵ĸǰ
ֻû뵽׽ĵһ龹ȻȡһξѪ




3732  Ĵ峤
 

ĳأ
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񡢻񡢷񡢹
Ĵ峤һҲǽĿпŶ޵δ˵ˣ
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Ȼзգ⿿װ
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3733  Ѫɹ
 

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һȥշѾЩˡ
ʱѡҲûа취İ취
׵еûʲôθУΪѪҲûʲô˺
ҪǣǿԴõĶ
һ㶼ҪĻôƾʲôõЩأ
ʱһһţ
ԭɫİסľѪ׵ľѪںһ𣡣
״ԭޱ鵽ǹһ˿ЦѾǱˣɹˡ




3734  𾪵Ĵ
 

ڣ
Ĵǿһε۾ʱһĪѾǲò
˻һۣǽǴ֮п˾֮ɫ
ǲ֪׵ʲôķƺǸ֮Ѿǽĳ͵ϵ
ǵҲѾĬһ㣬ûһ˸ʱɣ
ģǵг֮⣬֮ɫ
׵ĿһۣȻλ˵֮ϣλԼС
ǣˣ
˼ͬʱӦǣѾûκͷˡ
ĳΪǵˣ
ͷȻʱΪһһǧҲ˵һ꣬ǧꡣ˴ҲȻֻ꣬λȴǧʱԼΪ
ǧꣿ
ҲǾ㵵Ŀף֮ǰ֮ڶǿߣ
һ˵ǧ꣬˲һϣˣ
ȻǳΪ׵ˣ˵Ӧס
ֻ˵֮£ʵ̫˼
Ͷ·Ļ˭ҲԸ׵Ļ
׵ͷӦ֣Ϊʲôڳļʮλǿ߳Ϊ羳ǰɣ
ҵȲˣ
ʮֵĹ˵ղֻǿĻôǹޱˡ
ε뷨˭Ҳҵˣ
ֻǵʵЩڴΪʲô˵֮
ЦһһʼڣɵûжϹʵ֪ģ˵ǰɡ
һΣ˵֮ǰȷɹ
Ȼˣ
ڣɲϣֻ֮Ѿˡ
εͷˣҡ֮ǰȷһЩЩССɻ󣬲֪˵ģҡҾǿģ
ŶΪʲôЦʵ
һε˸ƨ֪ôģ
һԵЦŵˣҵȻʱܳҵȼʶȴһʾ¡
ʾ¡Ҳǹ
һĨȵڵ֮УӵһС磡
С磿⡭ôܣ֮Ĩһ˿Ȼ
֮缸Ǻγɵģû뵽֮оȻӵһС硣
΢΢һЦȻλǩѪλҲ̫ţҲλκɣѪλҲûʲô˺ˡôҲΪ˱֤ڵ鲻й
ҵȶȻй¶˵飡һεĹ
ڵǣѾͬΪһ壡
˭ҲκεΣĻ³ʮֵĲҵ
ôЩɣȴȫһ
磬ȻʮֵǿƣÿһҲԨıһ㡣
׳ֻ̫࣬ܳ²ˡ񣬱ҲͲλˡ֪λûһ֣
ʾ¡Щɻʵ
棡׵󣬿ȴǾһ˵Ķը졣
̵䣬֮еĸּ׹ġ
Ҳǵͷţʮʱ䣬Ѿͻɾͻ֮壡
ǰһֱһĴڣҵ֪ܲأҲǸ͵
ֻǼǰˣǰʲôϵɣ
ʱ䲢ôܸϵأ
ЦһȻλ֪ǱھͲٽܱڵʦˡ
ʦʦ⡭Ҳ̫˼˰ɣ
һ㶣漴۾ɴϴɻֻѾЩˡ
׵˵λ֪ͺãλΪΪʲôҿ˵ĺڣΪڶڻ֮ѾʮֵϤˣ
ĪѾҪɾͻˣһ㤵ʵ
΢΢ҡͷھɾͻ绹кܳһξҪߣˣϻͲ˵ˡϣλܹĻ֮֮иеİǿ°빦ģ
лˡ
˵Ѿ¶ֽźڴı飬ѾɾͰ羳ļ峤Ǵ˿Ҳʮֵļ
ΪǲʯͷӣֳɵĶǲοⲻһݾ
ܿ죡
Ѿʧ֮УҪľǳɾͻ֮壡




3735  󵨵
 

ڣС磡
׽У˾ˮһ㣬һҲ˷ѣ
ʵһǹ׻Ƿǳĸ˵ġ
ΪʡȥһܴĻڣĸѾǰ֮壬Ǳŷǳľ顣
ȫԲȻ֮ͬʱҲü峤ָǵˣ
Ҳʡ²٣֮ͰǱߣһЩ֮в
ǸһĻᣡ

ҲѵõĻᣬԼûлܹͻ𾳺ڣ
Сһߣ
׶һϥھҪǲǿû֮ǿԼľ
ǳɹĻôս»һٵ
ټԭǻ֮壬µʱΪ𾳺ڵףܹȺˡ
С֮У
׵ľչͬʱСڵĻ֮ҲǻĽ֮У
ֻΪ֮еʵ̫ԣʹû֮ԵЩ룡
ôܹ֮Լľأ
׵üͷ𣬺ȻҪǵ顣
ǺߵĻͻʮֵļˡ
ɵѾֶͨνԼʽתʹΪΨһһ֮塣
Ҳʹڽĵ·һ·ƽ̹
ʵҪͻƵ𾳺ڲѣ˵ǱȽ׵顣
ֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬Գɹ
ڵΣѾ˱˼
ȵԼ𾳺۷ʱڽа羳ĳԣΪʱ̴٣ҵʱЧһԴﵽѻ
ҪܲڵڵоͿʼǰл֮ĸ졣
𾳺۷ʱ򣬽羳Ҳ˳µ顣
ֻٵʱﵽѵЧ
ײδżѾǽһڤ״̬
ʱһһţһµʱ䣬˿˭Ҳ֪ڸʲô
ֻҲû˹עλһԲ֪ɶˡ
׵ԱߣЩһһڸ֪ǰĻ֮
һЩ츳֮ˣѾʼ֮ˡ
ĳһ̣
׺ȻԼ۾֮һĨԥ֮ɫ
Ȼʱƺ뵽һ취취ƺѶĴ
׻˵úã֮ضҪһԲ֪
Щ˵Ѿ뵽һ취û֮Լ֮ни졣
ʵ׵뷨ΪĴ󵨣
Ȼ֮֮以ų⣬ھǲǿԽĴ
ȻԼ֮еȫĴɶ˵һԳԵİ취
˿̣
Ѿ׵ԣ׸ղصؽ麰Լߣ
ʦ磬ȷҪôЩǵʵ
ӦпԵģҴ㳢һ£Щص˵
һʦ磬֮еȫĵʱ֮ܲܳҲδ֪ǿȿ»ԳǿĻ֮ĳˢ
ҲˣһЩġ˵ˣʵڳԲĻʱ㼰ʱֹҾˡ
ҲˣķյȷǲСġ
׿ΣӦҲûеô󣬶һһԻӦò̫⡣
ҪǣҪԼǲǿԳɹ
ǳɹ˵ĻԺҪ羳ǿ߿¾Ҫ̫ˡ
ͷʦ磬ֻҪðӦⲻ󡣲뷨ʵЩ̫ˡ
ЦЦҪԼ飬ֻܲѰ·ˡ
ڴʦǳɹˣսжôǿֻϧǣҲܰ·
ź˵ֻ飬ûľ
Ҫɾͻ磬ΪĻĻûϣˡ
Сӻʲôʦҳɾͻ֮գٵ㲻ɣ׿Щį飬ҲЦ
һֵֻǸпһ
ƶˣڿʼɡһὫų⣬ʱ㽫ЩתƳȥûĻסҵĵＴɣֻҪһ˿ӦÿԳԽ֮ڣֻҪһɹˣǾûˡ
׿飬Ҳǽš
ΪΪؼһԼʧһ̣Ƿܱѡ
ǲܱ֣ǵʱԵʮֵصġ
صĵͷѾĬĿʼˡ




3736  ð
 

Сĳ࣡
ЩĹ۲һԵףʶʱ޿̵ڹ۲״
ÿһƿ֮У
ʦ磬ʣ²һɵˡ
鿴ףҲЩü
Цһû£һԼ֣ҷֲûеôѣ
ŶΪΣЩƵʵ
׺ٺһЦղһ㣬Ǿұھʹһ˿Ļ֮һ˿Ļ֧֮ҵͻƣ
Ļľ̫˰
Ϊǵľ׽׷ſ֮һνӲ
ô˵Щˡ
׳вɴ⣬յһǽȫһǽջ֮һ
ЩԥⴿĻ֮ҵȴδԹȿ²̫ƿذ
ѭ򽥽ɣҲֻˣ
˵꣬оԼڵѾǼѹȥˡ
˿̵ɫһƬҰףȥЩҡҡ׹ģ
û֧֣׵ĵ֮мһõ״̬
һ˿ֻܹ֧֮¶ѣ
ܿ죡
һεϥ˫ַԼϥ֮ϣ
һɻ֮˳ǵķ򻺻Ľ뵽ڣ
û£
׿Ż֮ԼڣԸоһЩһ
֮ԼڣƺԵЩĸо
Ҳ֪ⲢĻ磬Լ廹ûдﵽǿȡ
ԣֻ֮ڲϵԼѣ
ֻеԼǿӦ֮羳ı־
ѭ
ײԼڵϵǿͷϵϸҲһֱðţ
׵ı΢Щʹ࣬һҲǼȽֵǣ
˵ʵ
黹Ǹ׵ˣʵǶ׳¡
Ϊһ׳£ʱǾѵ飡
˿̣
׶ͷԭϸ˶ĺµ䣬ı鿴ȥӵŮһ㣡
ʹ಻ϵĵӣѾǳһ˿ģ
ʦ磬ڼˣ׳Σգ
֪ʱòҪŵ£̲סĺ
ʱ֪׵ڵ׳ʲô״
Ϊ֮ĻԵøӵأ
ֻ鲢֪״˿Ȼʮֵʹ࣬ʵһؾĹ̡
͸ӵõ׵ĻͻᷢڵľһۿɼٶȲϵĸıš
һһεĻ֮ĳˢþž޴ĳ
֮ǰˢûйĸоҲʮֵԳܣ
˵ĳˢֻһĻô֮ĳˢҪǿʮֹ
׵ʵҪһӳ˵ĳʵҲʮֵʹģ
ҲΪʲôڿʹһԭ򣡣
ֻǾ˼λ֮ĳˢ֮Ըоʹڲϵļ
˵ڼ֮ʣҲû뵽һεļ
ʱһһĹȥ
龡ʮֵģһֱš
׵ȽϵȶҲǷ˺ܶࡣ
ʱ䣡
׾ǿԼľȥѾȶڣ
ʵϣ
˰Ĳǿ׵ľѾһʵķԾ
ʱ˼ֽĻ
֮ʣΧȻоһգ
ȵ鷴Ӧʱ׵ͷ֮Ѿγһɻ֮У
֮Ѿ֮ǰǰ㣬ʵʻˣ
˵ʲô
˵ҪӴڻ֮հ
Щʱ֪ľѾֹˡ
ο֪׵׷ʲô
ȻһȽϵķģһҲԸоײôŰ
ټ֮ǰ׵ʹ飬ʮֵĵǡ
ۣ
˼֮ʣһѪѾ˳
ǿĻ֮׵ð˴ۡ
ʦ磬㡭û°ɣ
鿴ǿԼ˫ۣҲǾδ˵
죬ȥǣ
״˿̵ҲǰδеأһεðĴЩء
֮еľʮֵأǲʱҽΣʱ»ԺɲĥӰ찡
Ųһף鱧ֱһѾǳ˻ϵǰ
ԭǱвѵĻϿģҲһƬ֮ɫ
ϣʦЩ״ΣһӾȻ֪˵ʲôˡ
ɫһסеľº͵ĵҩľ⵽ô£
ľ˿̿׼һ˿ûˣҲɫѿ˼㣡
֮ǰ˵׿˵ϣ
ףδ֪




3737  һߣ
 

ڣ
ʱѾǱӻСˣ
ڳһ̣˻֮У
ľִ׵֮ϣüͷҲ
ƺЩˮн
׽ʧȥ֪˯ߵһ״̬
ǻľŷǱѰĻһ֮˿¶ΪѾˣ
ϣʦôˣ
һʮֹеʵ˿̵ҲЩ˷硣
֪ΪʲôúõԼʦͻȻͼˣ
ʵϣ
֮ǰһγԣȷðźܴķյġ
е㣬ֳԶԺžкôġ
ȻˣһǰᣬǾû
ظǵģԭ
ľͷδΣգ𻵵ıȽأдΧˣ֪⵽ô£
ϣʦ
Щԥ֪ô顣
û˵ô໹ʲô˵ܲɣ
ǵģϣһҹҲûа취ΪΪʦȫΪ֮
֪ϵҽ˫
ôأ
˲ΪΪ֮¡
֮˵һϿ
֮£Ҳǽгˣ
ⲻǺ
ĻҲЩƵ˵
ʦʵһʼǿסˣֻǺͻȻ룬Щ֧Ųסˡ
ҲЩɫǺ죬ʵҲǴˣ
ľһֱϹȻʵǿᣬʵ𾳺۷廹еġһĲ࣬ˣ
֮ǰʦս羳ҲǿԵİΪʲôأ
ûӵˣΪ׿ԳܣҲΪ׵ʵ
ľ΢΢һ̾һ𣿰羳ǿߣνİ羳ǿҲǱ𾳺ڵǿҪǿһЩѡĻ֮źܴġ
ǡô죿Ҳǵǵʵ
ľüѣҲ˳˼ΪȷҲЩ޲ߣ
ʱ
ľ׵İ취¾ǵȣȵڵĻ֮ɢ֮ӿڣʱ޸ֻǡ
ֻʲô
ЩĿŻľͷ˵˵һ밡
ľ΢΢ҡͷֻǻ֮ʮֵľͺبڣҪ޳Ѷʵ̫ˡ
⡭ѵûа취𣿡
Ķͷ֮ϼ亹ֱðҲЩˡ
²ؼؼң
鵽ͷϣоԼԴҪըˡ
ľҲһʮоһҩʦ滹ǱȽϵĶġ
ľʵĵĵȴȷзա֮ʱų⣬ǹĻ֮˺ʵ̫̫ˡ
ϣô˵һʲô취˰ɣ
ľദʱʵҲˣͷ˵ķЩյġ
ľɫµ飬˵ȷһ󵨵뷨ֻҲǼġ
ռ󣿣һһεĽ
ľͷԶ˵մ󲻴󣿡
ôԶɴ۾ŶĻľҲʵ
ľ˼Ƭ̵һֵҩ˲佫עߵ֮УֵҩӦ˵ɣ
ʱʵʦʲôϵ鷴ʵ
ľûйϵ಻֪ҪľҪ֮ǿеļл𣿶Ȼܣ
˼ͨǿҵĳȻʦлָһЩʵԼԼڵĻ֮ų⣿ɡʦѾǲظ˰
ʵ̫ˣֱɵ
ľȥӵܲˣʱľһλáôȥĻ˵ʲôĽ
⡭ܱ֤ʦİȫ黹Щĵʵ
ܱ֤Ļ߷ϻ𣿲ĿǰҲֻôһˣڵܲܳɹǾͲܹˣ
ѡ
һ̣һѵѡ֮У
ķڣٿһ㱣ãϾǾԿԳܵġԣ취ֵһԡ
ľҲǽʵܹлָ˭Ը׵Цأ
һΣ
׵ðԼҲǸ˼ΪصĴۣ
黺ͷһ̣Ѿǽ׵




3738  龪һ
 

Զ
Ҳûа취İ취ܹлָĻҲһյķ
ֻÿһӣ֮ھͻ˺
ǵ޷ȵĳ̶ȣʱǺԳ֣ûκܹȵˡ
ϲϷң
֪ϵĻΣҲûκεԥ
ŻѾʼˣҲ֮ΪһѺ
˵ʵ
״ӳ񣬻δ˵գû뵽һεվȻԼԼɵġ
ݣ
һ޺ɫĵҩѾǳ˻ϵĸǰֻǿŵҩͿԸȵ
üֻ֪ʱʲôûбҪȥˣ
ڼ
ŵҩ֮һ˲䣬ɫѾǴԭĲҰ֮ɫúޱȣ
ţ
׵ԿԸоɲͬײ
ö޺ɫĵҩǹǵļȷһ㣬ͣĳ׵ĸɢȥ
ʱһһĹȥ
ƺûκεĶüǲ
ϣʦºѳܰ鵣ǵ˵
ҡҡͷ޷ܣ෴Խھ֮Ļ֮ƿ
˵꣡
˵ʲôָһĵҩ
ֻͬģЧƺûдﵽ
ȻЩԥϲòһεĸ̷ĵҩ
öҩ
׵ľ֮Ѿǳ˱ըԵ
һöȫסըһ㣬һûˣ⾭˲䶼ܹըѣ
ϺɫޱȵĽţΪڻҲûκεİա
ʹı飬ĿǰһС
ĳһ˲䣡
׻ȻԼ˫ۣҲŭһ˫ȭգ
ʦ硭
鿴ѣм׼ǰȴϸסˡ
̵飬ڸ֮Ҫɲɹ¾Ϳһ
Ȼ
׵¶ɫǺޱȣ
أ
ֱ֮еľѣԭֱϵĻ֮֮䱻ƣ
ܿ죡
ӦĿʼĳͬ
ϣ⡭û°ɣ鿴׻ѪҲǳ׵Ȧˡ
¶һ˿΢ЦһʼҲ̫ȷ༸Զ϶ûˣ
ûˣΪʲôЩʵ
Ͽ㿴ʼֱ֧ۣǾ֮ѾǽĻָˡ
ףǰҲЩ˵
Щ̾˵ò˵֮Ȼ֮֮Ӧһ϶ȵģֻղһ̫Ļ֮Щܲסˣ¾ʹ϶ˣ
һлõʦǽ˰Ҳһ
ЦŵղӦЩ̫ˣټӦһγˣûо鵼µġǿĻ¾鷳ˡ
ھ͵žˣҲ¶һ˿Цʵ
ȵ׽֮ƳˣЩҩܷˡ
΢΢ͷȻ˵ɣʵ֪ǴãΣյġ
ʱ䣡
ƺһֱڸ֮Ͼڸ֮Ͼͬʱ
ϸ̷ļöҩҲĴ
ʱ׾Ѿǻᣬ޸ĵҩһε˦˳ȥ
ۿɼĻָٶȣһǷ
ϣл
һʱϴһ˿֮ɫ
һεգֻһܹиܵ
ǻϵϣҪ֮ͬھˣ
࣬಻˳ƶΪѣҲǫ˵
ԭΪ֮Ҳˣڿһǵ͹֮ǿ
׿ŻϣҲ΢΢һ̾
ôһڻ֮ƿؾ͵һԳĵزˡһ಻ò˵ľ
뽲
ڶڻľ˺ܶ࣬˼ңԼһغҲпܵġ
ĳ˵ף츳ȷǺšֻκ飬򲻴
֮ඥԺȻð׹
ʦʦ磬žͺã֪ʦһûʲôջ񰡣鿴ףҲЩڴʵ
ҲøɣһεȷЩջ񣡡
׵Ļûľ鶼׿֮еڴ֮ɫԱ




3739  ø
 

ڣ
ľڴ֮飬Ҳ¶һ˿Цݡ
ʵ֮ԣȻġ
һðһȴҲ֪Լܻ֮ļޡ
ڼԼǻ֮壬ڻ֮϶ַǳĸߡ
˵һø
ȻȰף֮п±κ˶ϣܹٵĳɳ
Ϊֻ׿ٵĳɳпܽҲпͻɾͻ硣
˿̣
׵ĽڻϵǾԼڽ
ʲôջ񣿣
Ȼ浭ݣɿȥ֮黹Ҫż١
Цһ֮ǰѭ򽥽ͻƣСջ⾭֮ԭ;Ҫһ룡
һ룿Ҳ˵洢ӵѸ٣ʵҲѾǽһµĲΣЩϲʵ
ҡҡͷ
ľ֮ӹһĨʧ֮ɫЦŵˣӦҲԶ˰ɣ
ĳ˵֮꣬ǰȷǲͻơֻǺҼ֮˲ͻƵ𾳺ڣΪʵ֧Ųסԡ
׿ŻľҲЦе˵
һȻһˣҲûջ
ø
ĸĶǷǳУΪͻƵ𾳺ˡ
ʦ磬ͻˣҲǼʵ
ţͻˣŵ˵
ϹһЦװף˵Ҳû˭ˣһû˵ˣȻͻˣ
ʵͻ𾳺ĳ֮УЦŵ
㵹Űľһֵ
ͷʦһ֮壬ʵѶѾܴˡһҳû֮ԼľȻðȴԺҲŲСġ
ǣ³˻٣Ѿûʲôסˣ
ľʵҲʮֵĽף˼ʲô˰
˺Ȼ˳˼ҵʸˣ⻹㣬һΪ˼ҵͽܣ
Ժ󼴱ȥ˻磬˼Ҳŵְ
ʵղĳ˵øͻ𾳺ڣЦһ
Ŷʲô
ľһεĿף̫˰
ôʱͻ𾳺ڣһȻ˵ø
ǵʲôøأ
һԵҲĿɿڴ˵ʦ磬Ī㻹ʲô
׵ͷò˵ϵĳڸղǼöҩ֮Ȼһ˿ںϣҲ˵ĳȻ𾳺ڣʵı仯Ѿ൱ЩƵİ羳ǿˡ
ô˵Ϳͻˣ
ľһ𾪵ĿףֱЩ˵֮ԡ
κһǿ˵ǵ߸Ե۰
𾳺ڣȻѾǴﵽ̶
΢΢ҡͷô׵ĻǾͺˡΪĳʣĳʱͻƱ֮Ѱ֮ѶҪʮֹ
ֻأ㵹ǿÿȱҪףʱٿ²򵥣
ϿףʵκʲôǳܵĴҲǼͬġ
ɽףͻʮֵѸ٣
յ٣Ҳײһ
յıŵҲĻ
ǣⲻһʼԺ·ܳĳ绹кܶδɰ
׿ŻϣҲĿǰ֮дһ˿Ʈ졣
СڵʵˣԱ϶ûˡټ̬ͻС磬Ҫ羳ǿҲʲô£
ϿףҲǹһֵ
΢΢ҡͷСĻ֮ô࣬ƵģοĳҪһΪãʵõѾǺܶˡһ֮󣬻ܹʣ֮Ͳˣ
ϵĻ֮ǰҲģ̫Ŀԡ
Ƶ羳ǿߵĻôˡ
һһô˳羳ʵҲѾǱˡ
ݣڤ
Դ޶ǻû㹻֧ţ׵ʱԱûУ
޵֮У
ױΪĴ壬Լ޵
ʵҪȵԼ
ڼǡѣ׵ĵһѡԲ壬ˣ
ľ֮һεĽ뵽˻С֮У
ҪԼÿһвϵ޸
֮ǰĴˣ˵þܺõģ
һʱ䣬ҲǵȵЩеǿǣ
ǧʱ䣬һζ
ױ޸Լĳһ̣һλ𾳺ǿߺȻ䷢һ˷ܵ
׵ʶɨȥ֮Ҳ¶һ˿Ц⡭




3740  ֮
 

ǧʱ䣡
һεĽĿעЩͻƵ𾳺ǿߵʱ
һλ𾳺ǿѾǳɹͻƵ˰羳
߿ʾλǿߵ˷֮飡
һ̣Ϊ˵һλ׺֮ˡ
һ˲䣡
񡢻񡢷͹Ĵǿ߼ͬʱ˫ۣ
ϣͻˣ
ŲԶϣ¶һ˿Цݡ
ǧĵȴҲŲ̶ͬȵ
ֻǵʱڣԻ˺ܶࡣ
ÿһ˵ջǲСġ
ԼôǶڵµЩԼˣҲʮֵĹע
ǧʱ䣬ǷûһͻƣѾЩˡ
ʱϵͻƸġ
һԵĻҲǼ˵񣬹ϲһԱͽ
ֻҪߣǵЩ˶ȻΪһǿߣ񿴵ǱͻƣҵҲǼӰ
ŻҲǹһЦ
ݸһЦǼ֤漣ʱˣ
֮ǰһӣûע⵽˺ˣҲɻʵ
Ǹʱǳ֮УˣҲûз
ͷϡǵô£ֻߺúõģΪûʲôɡ
û뵽ǣǧʱ䣬ײһˡ
˿̣
Ҳ˵Χ¶һ˿΢Цλϵͻ֤ڵļƻӦóɹһˣ
ûˣĴ֮Σˡף˼Բˡ
ϵͻƣѾ϶һεļƻ϶ǳɹˣ
ߵл
֮ʣѾǵϥ¹򣬰ݵ׵ĸǰ
׵ĴһڣѾվ
˿̣
˿赭дľֹ¹ҲǾĪ
Ҫ֪ʵûдﵽȵزĻȻ˵ġ
ʱҲΪ׵ʵ𾪣
ԭΪʵɸղһ赭дĶ֪ʵǶôɲˡ
ЦһڲΪλṩһƽ̨ѣҪͻƣÿԼ츳
ʵ˵Ҳûд֮ȷǾޱȣ
ЩҲҪǿԼȥģߺܶܶ·
λϲܹ˶ݵʱһ˿Ļ֮
Ȼˣ
Ҳ˵λϾֻǻǧʱͳɹˡ
ʵϣ
֮ǰλѾǿ羳ܳܳʱˡ
Ļˮɶѣ
ЩνĴʮλǿߣ˭濨ʱܳ
ҲΪʲôĵһԭ
һո̤𾳺֮ˣҲ˵ı֤ˡ
Ϲˣҵɾˣ
׹һЦһλ羳ǿߣǱǶһ㱣ϣ޵ҲǶһݱϲ𣿡
ˣ˻ᣬ嶷һʡ
ףϳ˷֮⣬Լһ˿ĵ֮ɫ
ͷʲô龡ʱǡ
ʮλ𾳺ڵǿߣǶͻƵ˰羳ʵҶ޵һԾΪڤӵоԻȨǿ壡һ㣬ӦöΪ޿ɺǰɣ
ףҲǵʵ
ͷȷɵ飬ˣԱûκε⡣
Աȷʱû⣬һλҪˣҶ޵ΪʲôΪеĸ򣿡˳
׹һЦĵǣΪޱҪ
Ѿ֪ĵˣ㵵ʵ
ͷ绥Ϊһ壬ڤ֮˵ױƺڸӣЩûбҪȦӡ
˼¡¶֮ɫ
ȻλδжϣǱڽͳᣬλú̸̸
ϵͻƣĴ峤˾޴ϣ
Ǿ˵ϣŵʵǾ޴Σ
֪˵ĵǣȫͻƣҲֻʮλ羳ǿߡ
ݺڤô˵΢΢֣
˵ĵ޿ɺǣҪ֪׶δļƻ
˿̣
˿ףǵҲǳ֮ɫϵĿɲǶ޵ϵ޵İΣ
Ҫ֪׵ôģ
Ļһ˴ΣͲСˣοк滢İ˴أ




3741  ˱ǽ
 

ϳɹͻƣ
޴ϲ֮£ҲǣһΪʵʵ⡣
ĵǣʵ˵ˡ
ȻҲֻһһѾǳΪµһӣ
Ȼ˵ĻǵȻҪ֪׵ôģ
ҲΪδָһ
׿ˣ֪ЩҪ͸ףܹ޷ˡ
˴ڼλΣҲǿǰɣЦʵ
εһЦˣҵֻǵ˵İΣ
׹һֵνˮڣЩ㱾뷨ʹ˲𣿡
ʾ¡
˲׵˼Ҳüʵ
˴ᣬӦ԰һΪװɣ׿ʵ
һѾǿ˴ᣬǼһҶֻҪһ£Ҫ˭˭ˣ
һԿˣҲ΢΢һ̾
ǰԷ飬һڤʵѾκһ֮ϣкܶѾǳˡµġ
ŷĻҲԼĵǡ
ǿΪԹˣʲôֵ𣿡׵ķʵ
ȷûʲôֵģɡһε˴ᣬԵıҶ޵ʱҵǲȥǰһǴѹȥˣǵȴҵȵı壬ҵǽѰ
˵ԼĵǣȥҲǣȥҲǣ
ԣҵȵĵǣ˿ףҲǵͷ
׵ʵλ峤Щ׵ˣ
ˡɫһ죬ֻǲ׵˼
׳һӴ󣬶Ϊ֮˶Ǹıū֮ˣֻǿʵǰ棬ܶ岻ί߶ѣ
⡭ȷҲǣĭ
׼˵ĵɱ֮ʣλΪǿ֣ƴһ壿
һߵĻȻ׷ɱҵȡʵ൱Ļǰ˸Ըǿ֣
һԣѾ׵˼
ǱˣڿԸεĸλ˷˴֮Ƕ޵ƿ˵һûᡣĿ˵
ˣ⡭ⲽǲ̫ˣ
񾪿ֵĿף֪׾Ȼ˵ļ
˷
ܹԱ˵һĽˡ
û뵽ǣ׾ȻҪͼıˣ
ȥʵǲ˼飡
˵ʱȴôȻȥ˵һܼ򵥵һ㣡
¶Цһ㲻󡣶ΪʲôһΪ˶ѣֻҪѹһ壬Ǳѹһ壡
ȷ˵ûĿѹһ壬ʱ֮УҲûκһҵȽаˡǡ
ͷʾͬ׵Ŀ
׿ŷ񵭵˵־޻ʱ𣿡
ˣ֪Ҫ˵ʲô㵵ʵ
׺һԶҪܶ࣡
һǾˮˮ˲УǸ˴һ𣿵ʱΣս٣⻼
ףҲ˵Լĵǡ
΢΢ҡͷǡǡ෴ҵѹһ壬Ŀɲ壬ͬ˴ޣ
˵˼ǣ岻ðЩ죬֪ΪʲôôΪ
ղű˵ˣԸ֮ĺսԶ˼һΡʮλǿߣǿһѣ֪ǵжٵǿߣЩǵĹǡȻйǣǾͲ׵Ķ
׿ˣҲ˵Լķ
ҲǻȻֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬ǵʱһͳͼ֮Ͳھǰɣ
Ϊھûж˾ͻŹԼˣһ˴ᣬǸλһ·ͬҲΪԼһʱȶĻᣡ
һҲ˵Լ뷨
ľַش֮
һʱڴĶʵ̫̫ˡ
m˻ŹȻᣡ
ΧıѾõļޣǶȻôεػߴ
ı£ôʱ򶼻⻼
ĳ֣װ
ʵҲһƽֵ
Ļ
׻˾޴ΪĹϵ
ΣûԵ޹ʵİûԵ޹ʵĺޣ
һʱ䣡
˿ףǾȻһ˿ľ֮顣
Щʱ˱ǽˣ
һεĽ˿ޣΪֻ֪ʵԽǿԺԽõȥ
ǧʱһζ
λûͻ֮⣬ǰǰѾͻʮλ羳ǿߣ
֣ʵѾǷǳˣ
ЩˣעԵҲǿģ
ʱף
ҲѾ̤ǰڤ֮ڤ;




3742  
 

ڤ
ڤģ½֮Զ֮ЩĿ࣡
ҲΪʲôܶǿҲɹڤȥڤһԭ
֮䣬ԭŲɵ͵ìܡ
ҲǾԵģʵ֮һֱҲǧ˿Ƶϵ
Ҫִڤ˸ܲĴͷûκε;ֱӵִڤ
޵ΪĳȺۼأǵȻķˡ
ֻ޵ѾǹرĴΪľǷֹ˵͵Ϯǡ
˶Զ޵Ĵɱ֮ԭĴһεĿ
˴ỹһҵʱ䣬ǰȥڤҲΪ˸õ˽һ˴
˴˴ᣬǾڤһʢһ֮ʱڤһεʢΪĹע
ףǰ޵
ʣ֮ˣڼĹԼȡõĳɾ͡
Ȼмλûн뵽羳ĲΣ׿Ѿ˴ŵˡ
ڤĳ
׺ʮֵĵ͵Ǿڤڲйţ˵ҲѾûеڤˡ
Ͼ
ڤѾǳΪ˰һĵ̣ҲûбҪֻյĵط
ӣڤǰǧ֮⣬˵ܲ
ԶҲ
ڤƺҲûеôЦŵ
Ͼ˵ܲʵԶԻǷǳĲġֻһε˴ᡭ
֮֮׵˵
ӵһڤǰڤΪ֮ȥ
ףҲЦе˵
˴ֻܲ𣿡Цʵ
ҲʵڤҲǲ٣ԹȫûбҪԼݣϽ
Щ߸ʲô
׶ڤ˽⣬֮ǰ˵֮һֱ
棡
֮䲻ѾٶĵطΪ˵ܲȻôڣ
һβʵⲻΪ
Щߣ³֮⣬Żȡ˵ܡ
ԭûģԴһΪ˵ƶ֮m֮⣬֮ҲǷ׷׼УǴҲС
Ȼܳʱ䲻ˣ˻Ƿǳ˽ġ
ͷڤĿ̫󣬱һ˹伴ɣҲɽ֮мҲɵĵط
ӣһ鱾Ҫѯһ׵
Ŷ˵ɡ
׿ЩԥģҲǵȻһЦ
֪ӿ˵βһ壿
βһ壿Щţ岻ֻ̫ɽ֪βһ壬βһ壬Ĳ֪
ͷβһǴ֮ͼڣޱĹϵҲʮֵС
˵ص㣡׿Цŵ
ͷβһʵΪǿ󣬲ЩЩûˣֻһҪռβһ壬ԡ
˼ǣ˵ĵ˾ѣЦʵ
ͷȻҡҡͷҲǣβһ峤뱾á
û뵽㻹ͦõ׹һֵ
εЦЦ֮ǰβһ峤ʵѾȹˣֻǵʱҵҪǴڤΧŪȥʵѶ̫󡭡
ڵ˼ǡ׼ʵ
ЦЦҵ˼ǣӿɷһβһ峤˳㡭
Ȼڲ֪ľβһ壬ڶ嵹ŲĪĺøСɣȥɡ
ƺı⣬ҲǳЦЦ
лӣ
һ׵ĻҲǼ
˵Ȼ
ģ
׿ҲЦһʵ
˵شŻа·̣ܿᵽƺҲð·жôԶˡ
Ҫ֪ǵʵ·̼ưڤˡ
ȻڤʮֵӴ󣬿ӴҲ󲻹ݵĵ̰ɣ
˵Ļȥˡ
Ҳûоܾ
οԼŮҲǾβһģЩˣ

ҲΪβһǰվˣ
ֻδ뵽ǣľβһѾǱΧˮйͨ
ǵִβһܲʱΧɢһɱ




3743  βһ
 

βһ壡
һȽϹĴڡ
ľβһΪǿ֮һ
ǵĻʮֵǿֻǺβһǿĻ嶼취Ըǡ
գҲıƣȺӴԺһǧɣ
ȻǴ޵ͼޣɺҲǱȡ
ϧǣ
һıþβһԴеĻҲʧ롣
ǵս֮һֱûл
ټβһǿŮΪ嶼Ķ

ڤ֮ڵľβһ֮⣬ľβһɢء
һ֣Ǽ˱׽ûκĿˡ
Ҳ˵ľβһ壬Ǿһ׵Ʒ
ҲΪʲôһ˽βһԭ
ʵϣ
һ壬ʵڤЩβ˼˺ֹһң
泤ʱǱĸ־ʤ
ǵĿֻһǾǵȴʱ׽þβһ塣
ƺ̫ƽ
׵վԶһɽ֮ϣֶ·
һֻβļֵ¹ӻ
ֵǮô
׶ûʲôҲǵʵ
ЦһֵֹǮһֻβŮӱץӿ֪˶ٵĶ
٣
׵ɫҲǽȥʵ
ȡ˽ʮƷʯĶ˼۸˵ܲ񣿣
Ϊλôࣿüʵ
βһӦҲ٣ôֵǮĻǷˣ
ʮƷʯҲһΪƵĿˡ
βʼļ۸ҲһƷʯ£ϡȱ˵ڼʮƷʯҲδؿõһма
񿴵óҲߵ֣ٴ˼ֱе
׸ʵҲЩ֣ͬܵ
ϾҲоβһ˲
޳֮˵
ӣǾôóóȻȥĻǿ»ǵúܶ˻ɰ
Σʵ
ӡ
֮ʣһҵļ֮𣡣
ɲǼ䣡
·ѾǵĿƺֻһ
ǱǸղŴӾβĻ֮һĨӰ
ֻЩƺеֻһӰһ࣬ǵѩɫĹӰѾǳһӴܣ
ǵȫѹ򰡡
ǰ˰֮ʣһѾǳһθߴӡ
˿ȥʮֵĴֻŵһֻѾǱľβ֮ʱƲסЦݡ
ߣԭһģβһҵз֣ǲǡ
˵֮ڤһһĸ峤
Ҳǰһӵ£һʵͬ˳ϻĳԱ
ȻǶһϵܣ֮Ҳʮֵļң
һһ屾ǲ͡
վסһĴϸҲˡ
ϸбۿ¶һ˿뺷ЦݵڱϵУҺΣܣϷ㵽ף
壬һٶȼһƣ
ʵս˭Ҳֲʲôˣ
˿̣
ǾβһѾǻûΪΣ޵ò˿Ҳһ̲ס
ȻǾβһ߹һ׬ˣϸˣ߹ֵʮڣ
ϸտβ֮˵֮һϲ⣡
ķȻϸգȴĶ֡
ʵϣ
βһߣȷ˭ץ˭õĹء
С壬Ļ˭ҲԸս
ϸգ֣
ŭһҲǸϸһյ
Ȼ˵Ưʵǽڰһ쵼֮£ȻҲ̫
ƽʱĻһҲˡ
˴ٿڼһѾȷ涨ڴڼ䲻׼κдĦ
һĸ峤ϸһĴϡ
˵ݣǱǼĦˣ
ʱľβһڣ
Ѿҳһ࣬߹߳䱾˭֪ΪҪȥѰȱš
鲢ûнβһ峤ͬ⣬˽Լȥġ
ΪĻƭˣû뵽벶ȸںһĴϸվȻһС·ϵȴ
һɾ֮ӿ߹ͷط̫̫˵Ķ֡
죬λǧ谮һ߹ҲЩĶ֣
֪ǣԼĸ׾ǿҲܳġ
ΪһˣβһûĹˣ
ֻǾھβһ֮˾֮ʣϸȴӰˡ




3744  ε峤
 

βһܲڣ
˿峤ЦɫʮֵһԾβһλ峤ɫҲ쳣
βѾǵ˷Ʈҡʱ̣ЦΪֹܹβһ屻̲Ҳ˺ܶܶİ취
ƺûκεѶ
ʵϣ
βһ嵱ʮֵǿ˹ҲЦԸ⿴ġ
ˡ
Цȴûκεİ취ֹβһıˡ
ǵβһܲΪȥʲôȱˣ
һ塢һɵɱŶӣһֱ߽Ķǡ
䣬ȺѾ˽λˡ
ЩβһѲɲ֪Լȥ֮ı
֪ȴûа취
ڵľβһѾǵĹؼʱ̣ǶľҲûκεжϡ
ԭЦǴǣȶ޵ҲѾǵƵĵز
ϼɳȥӴľβһ֮ˣһֱѶ
Цһε˹ȥǢû뵽ǣһ˹ŮΣȻҪȥǢ
峤ˣ߹˴ѣҾβһĳ谡ԸǰӪȡ
˵Ǿβһ峤ŵĴա
ЦʵǽãֻЦΪ峤ǳΪϡ
˵ձЦԼֶŮˣӲ
һߣ
βĸ峤Ҳǹ峤ˣζǿųģһΪȺ˵ҵǲȡ
ȣѲɻҪǵȥ𣿡
ЦɫƺѾԼľ
̵峤ˣŮ𣿡
ҪԼĴۡζѾСˣΪΪۣ
ЦˮԼŮܸģ
ֻջ壬ֻҪȥˣǱ·һ
ⲻЦϣģ֪Ǹʲô
ôУǰҲѾʱˡ

Ц֪õѡҲѵѡ
ǳȥһܹȳԼŮ
𰸵Ƿ񶨵ġ
ĳȥԾȳЦԸƴһԡ
񣬾ڴȥʮˣĽֻ˼̤Լˡ
ʱЦǿԼʹԼŮ˴ߣʲôҲˡ
峤ǲԸ⣬ԭ˽˵ȥζҿɲԸ⿴ζ˵Ķ֣
ҲЩˣȻ֪ҪЦ峤Ȩ
ľЦһεľǳĲ
Цһ˲ȣΪʲôҪΪǱŮô
⡭
һඥһ㣬ǱĬĬˮ
Ѱ޵Ӫ֮£һֱûʲôչһҪˣ
Цɫ֮һĨ֮С
ȺҪ
ղԸ⿴飬֪Լûıʵˡ
вһµʱ䣬˴Ҫٿ
ҲǰһǵޣʱһѹǸʱ⻤Ҳκεôˡ
ЦĻҲ΢΢һ̾޵ѱҪҲ죬˵ӦյǵźˣǼʱȥˣǸûκεıʾ
峤ˣҲ˵һЩƭǶѣҲôĶĻӦ͸ˡ
ҲЩ˵֮ǰЦ׷ֹ
û뵽ؼʱ̣ȻӰӶûС
ҲǵʱԱʲôİ취İǣǸһһǵĽڣ
˾ͲǸˣ
ոֱ˵ŭ֮ǰӣ;öġ
ЦɫЩѿˣֻЩѣ
峤ˣʱ㻹Ϊ˵峤ģôôؼʱ򲻳أ
շʵʵЦȻЩƿԣ
һԵҪ˵ƺѾЩˣ
塭峤ˣǿ
һ˵ЩˣΪǴ˿̿סϸգ
֮УȻһǸղŻ²۵
û뵽ǣ˵ܲپȻܲپ͵ˣ
Ц̧ͷӰԭһҵľȻЩۿ֮ҲǼһ˿⡣




3745  Ϊ
 

βһܲǰ
ϸռ뿪Ϊ֪εļֵҲҪסϸա
ϸյʵǳǿټǣìܡ
ԣסһ׼֮ˡ
֮ź޺޵ı飬ǴߵģһĶġ
ϸտŷ˲δ׷Լһϲ׼뿪
û뵽ǣ·Ȼɱһҧ
񣬾Ȼ㣡
ϸüͷһ壬˵ϸյʵ൱ĻʵȻҪ߳һˡ
ټ˽˵βһ峤Цֲ֮岻Ĺϵ
ϸԭոӿͷĿϲѾǱ쳣ˡ
ˣ
©Իڣ˭
һǿֱӳŰһģЩСϺײɣ
㻹ԼﰡȻҸô˵ϸһֻΣ˵
ϸգһֱǻˣɱƵ֡
㻹Ϊ㶫޵ţǶǹȥʽˣѲ㲻֪˭𣿱ϸ㣬һһĹϵ˵ҲӦ˰ɣϹ
ϸһһĹϵҲ˼ɡ
ϸգҪæҪĻ֨
ϸջδ֮ʣķٺһЦ
縱峤ǿǴһϸճ
ʲôһ˵ĸҲǳϻԱ֮һǸҶԱ嶯֣ǱǶ˲
㻹ԼȻߣڤ϶ǳȥˣҲ¸㣬һε˴ΪǶ޵ڤʧû뵽㾹ȻͶ
ϸ֪춯ûа취ˡ
βһ峤Ц֮ϵ岻Կ϶ǣȻڤߡ
˵֮϶Ǵġ
ϸո֪һ㣬βһǿǱһ忴ϵġ
ĸҲֵĻǱǸһԡ
ԭһһξǽҪɵ޵֮ˣ⼸ڤλ߲˾֪顣
ԣһϸռȻ㲻ȥϷֱˣ
ʱڰһ壬Ǵһ
ͬôģ֮ʣûˡ
룬εļֵٸһһˡ
οأ
һץסǿɲϸջһĹͣҲЩ˵Ĺˡ
񣡣
ǿ޵ץסⶫ޵˵һˣ
˵湦ϸʮֵ˷ܡ
𣿡
񵭵ʵѾ¶һĨЦ
ʵϸ磬һվһˣ߰羳ֱˣΪսʤ֮
ϸտֿһ˿Ц⡣
羳ǿߣʵʵȻҲеģɵΣʵѾûôˡ
ϸһ˶ȻĶ֣һԼġ
ϷĻǾͲһˣ
˾ǳսģҲðˣ
ҲЦһǹԹ־ܵĻҵȿԿ㲻
𣿡һεظͬĻ
һԵûҲûκεĶ
ֻѾǴΧ¶ȸܵ˿ŭ
ɵӻΪԼͦţˣ
˿ԼôĶ֪
νʶʱΪܣʵǶ޵ǸʲôԼѲ֪ôܹ´󹦵ĻԱ֤Ƕ޵
￴Ҳ˵
ޱĿŷʲô˼
βһȥ磬˶ԾβһѾмӣܹβһһ򾡵Ļʱ˵˻Զ޵ʲô뷨𣿡
Ľȥƺʮֵˣֻϧ˽񣬻˵Ҳһ֪
Ļ˼ɱ¾ûκεã
ֻո˵꣬βһڲѾըѣ
峤Цɫɷ׵Ŀ˭ó˿Ľš
Ц飬βһܲ뷽ʽṩ
û뵽վȻһ죡
Ȼδѡ񣬿պѾǴҴˡ
ԭּ֮ҷ
Լʱǻῼ˵
ɱ
δ֮ʣһ
׵ȭѾǺϸյ֮




3746  ɱ
 

˿̣
βһܲڣЦ˱졣
ʵϣ
պ岢ĵڤǶ޵
ôֻһ˾ܹȾβһڼأ
峤ˣȻˣǡ
տЦŵģҲü
˵δҾβһ岻𣿡Ц
˵ʵ
֮ǰĵһǣǾβһٲĵز
ڣΪǾβһƴܲж
̾һȷǳһƬ峤ܵô֪ⱲҲ޺ˡֻΧȥæĻ¡
ȥæ̫ˣҡҡͷ
ЦһԵյǿסϸպͷ˵Ļлƴһƴ
ɡǾβһǿҲ峤ˣҲ𾳺ڣһİ羳ǿߣǵʱܲ¾ͻˣ
տЦͬΪβһĸ߲㣬ȻΪȺǣǿǵĽǶȴһ
˶ˣȺκεϣ𣿡ЦյĻҲʵ
⡭һ峤İɡ
һΣǵĿһεļеȺ֮ܲ׵ϣ
Կóջ壬ǶѾǲκεϣˣ
ЦҲʮֵĵǣ񲻵Ľ֮ˣʵҲβһϣ
ֻֻǰЦг˾֮С
βȺһƬ֮ǰαץߣɶ˻
ֻһУ׵ȴ֪
ʵΪǿѰİ羳ǿѾʲôˡ
ԴͻƵ𾳺֮ľΪ֮ļӳ֣ʵѾǳĿֲˡ
һһ
׿һԵҲ̸Цһµĸо
û⣬ϸվͽˣ
ϸպͷԭ׼ֹ񣬶ǵиûеһ̲ˡ
˭֪˿ɲ񣬶أ
֪Ļ֮ˣ
׵ĻҲЦһĳС֣ȻҲ˵ţ
ᣡ
ǰʵ̫ˣЩ˲ܹ羳ǿ߳κεĹϵ
ҲΪˣžԼˡ
һһ
ȥļһȻҪԼ
ʲôʱһĸ峤ôı˿ˣ
ϸպٺһЦ˵縱峤ϽǸ鷳£Ȼϼһ׽ˣ
ãҪ֪ߵغСӸصĴۣɣ
ȳȥٶȼ죬գ֮Ѿ׵ĸǰ
ȰӰϸյҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
ϸȻԸϸտʵӹɵġ
˼Ѫԣźܿŵ˾ͻڷǼһĽ֮£
䣡
ȭͷѾֱ׵ţǲ̵Цݷ·׵
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׵ȭͷѾȭͷ
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꣡
һͷѵ뵽˵ĶУܿǱ㿴ʹԼ
Ȼһ棬һˣ
׵ѾǱ֮ǰҪǿһֹٶȡ
ЩǷȱϸ׶Կ»ܼ֡
ӲӲǷǳĲУ
໣
һҵĺУԭ׼Цһ̶ˡ
ֻǾĿʼ³֮⣬û˻õ
һʧ֮ѾʶԼˡ
ǰ˵ʵԼ֮ϣʶҪܡ
ʵ̫̫ˣ
ôܴһûˣȭײ֮еķɽѾһ
ݣ
ţѵĹâ׵Ʈ
ǽֱӷ˷ܵ·ߡ
һ룡
Ѿƿ˼Ѫӿ
ǱȻûܵʲô˺һѾսˡ
ֻôܸܵĻأ
֮򣡣
׵֮ѾںһЩ֮֮֮ǰҪʮֹ
Ȼֱ֮ӽԼķΧ֮ڡ
ȻΪ֮ٶȸӵĿ죬ʱѾˣ
һ˸߹һ˵Ĺ÷п಻
׵֮У·𴦴ܵ⣬޷ӳԼٶȵơ
һһֵĹ÷ٶȿʼ½
ʱѾ¶һ˿ʤΣգеķɽƷﵤ֮ʱ
βһΧѾǼžһƬ




3747  βһ
 

⡭⸱峤ˣ
ɣǼһ˭ôô
ǸϽܰɣٲܿǾˡ
Ͻȥ֪ͨ峤ˣҪڤ췴
һ۷׷ף·ʵǸС
һ̵Ĺԭӵĵطʮֵ徻
һ֮ˣҲѾɢû֮ǰš
񣡣
һĴϸգѾΪĹ˾ˡ
˿һֵĿףѾɪɪ
һѾǶԸˣ
ֳһƱҪţˣѾô
δ򣬾Ѿע˽ˣ
ϸһƬɫʱľβһȴһ
峤ˣû뵽Ǹ˵
մ˿ҲǼѣǿ׵ӰʱԵôĸߴ
ЦҲǵȻˣΣδ
ǰΣδھǣҪ߳ڤҲ£
һҲǵ֪ⲻﳤĵһ
Ȼߣһ֪ܲˣǾһˡ
Ц̾һѡȨֻصǵУǳȥô˵ɣ
˴Ӿβһܲ˳
ЦӵɵĹԲֱģʵЩƽʱޱȵЩ̫һ
һµҲһ£
ӣλЦ峤ҲЩεͷ
һԵϸմ˿ҲǣҲǣʮֽŵĿ׺ƺڵȴյо
ֻ֪ʱνѾûκεôˡ
峤ҲǸЦ˸кЦЦһл
˵֮ǰȰ鷳˰ɡ׿һԵϸգϸղſҲǼװǿӲ㡭ǸҶֵĻ˵ˣûǺùӳԣ
ǣɱһںɱڶô׵˵
㡭ҪôſϷŹңϸտףҲЩʵ
ȻȥɱȽϵǿӲǿӲȥʮֵǿ
ʵ˴˴ᣬǲԶ޵ģ
⡭
ϸһӲ֪Ӧôشˣоôش𶼲ԡ
˵
ҲЩŭĿŶϸգŭһʵ
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˵꣬Ҫϸն֣һϸѾЩˡ
׼æҡ֪һЩĻ֪һЩĻ
ߣȻ֪ĻǱ˵ˡµĻǿɾͲҪֱûиˣ
׿ϸգ֮дһĨŨɱ
ϸһڿˮһѾ˴᲼޵ǵĿľҪ˴ʱһֱӲ޵ĸ߲㣬˻ƶ޵Ȼ󡭡
Ȼʲôü
ҲżȻģһļƻԶ޵ǻⶫ޵ԱߵĴޣҪ趫޵Ϊ壬ȻռһޣںҪʲôҾͲ֪ˡ
ϸѾǽԼ֪ȫ˵ˣ֪˵϶
˵ˣһ
ֻ׶Ȼܸһκεϸ˵֮Ѿӡ֤Լ֮е뷨
Ȼ˵ĻôҲûκεôˣ
Ĺ򣡣
ϸѾǱ׺նɱλ羳ǿ䣬¶Ǵˡ
ɾ飬ƺ赭д֮ѾǱ׺ˡ
ϸպͷˣЦҲЩµӣڤռգҪȥû˵Ƹȥ
У
ЦҲЦе˵
Ц֪УǸղô˶ˣΪһ˻ǳȥĻҪ˶ãǵͨͻ᲼ÿһˣ
ΣҲЦŵһ˵дԼϡ
ȻŶǿףԼİŮǰҲҪӵġ
ǡô찡ܲߵɣҪȻλȵǾβһܱܷܲͷԳһʱ䡭
Ц׺ҲƵѯʵ
΢΢ҡͷ˵ز˾βһȻûκεĳ·Ǳڸһ·ˡ
ӣĪǿЦɣڤﻹǵĻ·
ЦףҲǿЦ
ڤ֮Ѿûǿ֮ˡ




3748  
 

βһܲ
еľβһ֮ܲˣһɽ¥ĸо
һĴϸ֮һĸ峤֮
ⶼѼ飡
һ鴫뵽ܲźܿѹһĽβһܲΧס
ʱǾҪҲܲˡ
Цнѣǵ˵а취ʱǵϸһĲš
ֹӣа취
Цã͸ŵĶһɲ֮ɫ
Цˣ鼸ǲɵ
ڤһǳյĴռ䣬ҪһܲͻΧѶȿ֪
ȻЦѾǽеϣǰλֹӵˡ
ЦΪѶʵ̫̫ˡ
һԵҲ΢΢ҡͷֹӣҵȲǡ
Ц㲻ҪģֻҪֹڣûа첻ɵ顣һЦŵ
Ц΢΢һ̸̾װ
峤оβһ˼ɣʲô취һǾ֪ˡ
Цһãǿɲ֪
ЦȻɻ󣬿ǰ׵ĻȥˣΪڱѡ
һԵյҲ׵Ļȥ
ܿ죬βһܲ˵ȾܲĹ㳡֮ϡ
۷׷ףҲ֪׷ʲô飿
ûκεİ취ֻ峤˵İˡ
ЦеĿЦЦЩֵĿһۣŵǰֹӵʲôİ취Ƕɹѹأ
ʱ̸˵ʱ
Ц˳֮ʣβһܲ˲ǵǰʧ
һ̣
ǸоԼƺһռ䣬һƬ޵ĿռǸоһ˿δ֪Ŀ־塣
ЩһãЦҲǸϽܵ׵ߡ
ֹ֡ӣ⡭⵽ʲôط
ЦЩֵĿףѾǷΪ֮ˡ
һԵպҲǲ˾֮ɫҲʮֵҪ֪𰸡
Եİȫλİɣ
׿ЦҲ΢΢һЦ
Цģ˵ЦֹԲԵİȫֹӵһİɻҪǣֹ֮⣬˲κεİ취С
⡭绹д˵Ц֮Щš
Ϊδ˵Ķֱ֮Ұ
Цһ֮ҪŨֹȿ԰ΪƾʲôҸֹ˾ֻǰڤ
ô˵滹ˣЦЩʵ
ɡ
׿ЦһŵģҲǶŻС˵˵
ֻЩ˵ʵѾδ˵
񡢷񡢹һͬʱ֡
ЦʶЩ˵ģǿֵ߳ʱҲһĿɿڴ
һԵյ˸ŵЩ֪ˡ
ΪڵһƺѾ߸֮ǰǵ뷨ˡ
ˣλڴɰɣĳһڤҲҪȥ䡭
׿ЦģҲЦŵ
飬ǽͰɣЩϣҪ͸¶ĺá
ֻ뿪˾βһܲ
뿪󲻾ãһܲĸָϵ˾βһܲ
˷ܵǣǽһʱ͹˾βһܲ
ֻǵǽβһܲʱȴտҲ
˶ɵˣ
Ϊǿǲܵ顣
ôβһȺ֮ˣһ˲ͼʧˣȹʵδŵġ
ɰǰľʵǲҲûκεİ취
ȹĳǳϱܲĸ߲֮⣬Ѿûκİ취ˡ
˿̵ľβһѾڰӪկˡ
ٴĿǰǵΣѾǽˡ
ЦʵǷǳĵǣϾܵ˺ܲ
Ȼˣ
ĿǰΣĽЦҲ͵͵һһѾǿԹĸһˡ
Ϊ񣬾βһʱſԵõȫ
Ϊ˼ֹӲŽصĵطǰ
ʱЦѾûκεĹ˼ˣ
˿̣
׵յڤǿʵһҪ廹ǿɲһ׵顣
˵ڤ֮оȻвٵڣȻҲĸȤ
֪֪˰սʤ
ĿĵţһϤĵʱפˡ




3749  ڤ޷
 

޷
üǰϤ֣˲һˣ֣̣
޷Ǵ֣ҵĲҵû뵽ǣܲڤȻ޷
Ҫ֪޷ǿǷ޵ĵط徹ȻĴڣ
ʵϣ
ײ֪ǣȻڤɺܶԴȴǳϡȱ
ԣܶޱΪǻȡԴһʽ
ҲǷΪŵȣ޵ķ岢ʲôϡ¡
޷ߣʵһ㶼֡
ͱ˵֮ǰľβһ壬Ǳץ֮ȻȥĵطԴ
޷ĻǷǳɵľͿԻôԴ
޷ͨĽףȡԴ
ν޷ʵܲ൱һӵĴڡ
ҲΪĴڣڤ֮ɱ޵ԽԽء
ֻĵط֯ڡ
ԹᣬٵɱһеһжΪ˻ȡѡ
׵вųĴڣϾھڵĵ
ֻÿһжĵߣȻҲиԶ֮֡
塢βһȵȣоǲɴĴڡ
ǰһ屻˷ƻء
׿һ޷ֱ˹ȥϻ̸֣һ֣ҵơ
̶֪֣ԼһĪΡ
λ𣬲֪Ҫʲô
һ֮ˣҲڤ֮ڵһԭɡ
ʵڤĵطϴڶ
ȻûдĽ㣬Ļżʡ
廹壬һԷҲһ㶼ˡ
ǰſڵŮпΪģҲΪ
ǿһǿߵƣ
֮ˣǿȻܺˡ
׵ʵµô
֪λǼƹʲô飿Ůһ㶣漴Դʵ
Ҳûʲô£Լżһ档
˵꣬׵жһöƣȻӡһ֣֡
ǡ
ŮһƣҲԵù
֣˭˲֪˭˲ǿܲư
ֻŮȻƵǹ˭УƵļء
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˵˳֮˱Ȼ֣ҵĹ͡
Цһ֣ҵĴС֣ѡ
Сѣ֪
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ŮЩ˵ǼҴСȵȾͻˣԵƬ̡
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ЩĿŮӣҲЩȻʧЦ
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ţСܲʱ䣬Ϊ޷ЩҪС㴦Ůӵ
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֣ͷԭֹǴ֮ˣһΪǡ
ǺǣҪʲôʱʵ
֣˼һСȥˣӦõȵȾͻˡֹӲżĻ֣¥ϵһ´С㡣
ߣ֣㻹й򰡣˭
֣֮ʣһ˳
ʱ
һµӻ˹ȥһָʹģ
֣һˣ̵ӣ⡭ǴСѡ
ߣǸ˶ԹҡײƭôСѣôûȷ֮ǰҹȥ
̬֮ᣬҲЩ𾪡
Ϊ֣֣ҵĵλӦ൱ĸߵģû뵽˾Ȼ̵֣Ӷ
Ĵ壬ʵǷǳһӾжϳ˸֣̲͡
ˣҲͲΪˡ
׵˵ǣ޷ĻһֺⰡȻѿƣ
ˣҲǿô֣ڱӸ̽˸ҸϳȥĻͿԹˣ
Ǹӵȥʮֵİ衣
ӡ
֣Щţƺǳĺӡ
׿ЦһԿ

ŭһֱһȭ׵ķɱûκεء
֣һֻһѾǶȻ䡣
׵ȭͷֱӵ֣һӵһֱֻѾǳ׵Ķѡ
Ѫģģʹ޷˲ž
֣ͣһӲ֪˵Щʲôˣһ̷·ˡ




3750  ԥ
 

һ£
޷֮˾Χסף˿̣Ҳð˼λ𾳺ڵǿߣ
Ϊ֮һλߣȥȨ
ϣȡҡ
ӿˣҲ֮дһ˿֮ɫ
ºˣ޷֣
Ͽף֮дһ˿ķ֮ɫ
ûŪ֮ǰȻҲǲ׵Ķ֡
ɲڤ
ڤ֮УܶǲʶǿߣĹϵʮֵǿ
޷˶ⶣȻǸӵСġ
νӣʱҲûа취ȥᡣ
׵˵ˣ
֪´ӺζϿҲǳʵ
ЦһȥƺҲǵ°ɣĳǰ޷˲׾Ͷֻ֡ϧʵֵ̫˭
޷֣޷Ĺء
ŭһϾԼ˱ˣҲʮֵĲˬ
ȻҲûκεĺøУһȴЩ⡣
֣峤֮ӣʵ֣ͬĸá
ֻǴһݰˣϵҲǲеġ
ԭһֱڤ޷ΪƹģֻǺΪӪƣ֣ҽ֣ɹЭ
˵ЭʵϾȡ֮
Ҳ֣Լ֣ʮֲˬԭ
̴֣֣ˣ֣һֱ취Ҳ磬ʵҲеҲ硣
֣ܲף
Ϊⲻ֣һҲˣûдСıĻͲ֪ʲô³ˡ
״ʱϣҲǵ˵˹Σһϻһ
Ӳ񣡡
ϵһ죬û뵽ԼȻһôĿˡ
Ȼǰʵȥ⼸˵ʵҲǺߵĴڡ
Щûİ羳ǿߣϻû¹˭
Լҵĵϣһ˵Ŀܲŭ
λӼȻҲ磬ǿɾ͹ֲñˣ
һŭȣҪ֡
֣Σ̵ϣֹ֣ǴСѣ
ѣ
һ㶣˵ĻľͲܶˡ
С֣ҵĵλվһ峤ǲСǰڤʵϾҪС㡣
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ĻôֿҲֲ֣Ϊصˡ
ֻɴܣҲûа취
֣֣̣ǿɶ峤˵ãǾҲҶΡ
ԣһֻһֻ۱һֻ۵Ŀ˲
ϣң㾹Ȼ֣Ų̷һ⣬״ˣ
֣ϾȻ֣СѾͷһ仰ֹͣ˶֣Ҳŭɶ˵
׿һ֣˵ٸҷϻһ䣬Ǳ๼

ϿףҲ̵
бۿϵҪ֣ǾͿЩǲ֣Ǿ£
ƣ
ϴ˿̿µȣҲЩ
װ棬Ǳе
ȻûмСѣɴȵȷǲ
뷨ȻǸӲҶˡ
ֹǴСѣǱ֣ҵѣ
ǣ⵹һ˻һʼĳѾǶ֣ݣֻǴ˺˺񣡡
ױĵĿһֳ֣²֮ˡ
˵׶֣һͦкøеġ
ڿ֣һԣĺø˲併˺ܶࡣ
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֣ǲģ϶֡
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3751  ˷֣ܵ
 

ڤ޷ڣ
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޷Ƿǳģ޷Ҳǵһܲڤ޽׵̡
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ЦЦı̵֣֮Ȼ˺ܶࡣ
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ôʲôôɰǺǡ֣̿ӣҲЦЦ
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֣Ҳֻܾάϵάϵ˵ĻֻСĴ֣ҵʧˡ
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С㣬ˡ
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֣̿ʲôʲôˣ
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˿֣̣ɫҰףĩһ㡣




3752  ޸
 

޸󣿣ӣ
̵֣ϲ֮ɫȻû뵽Լĸ羹Ȼ޸йᡣ
֮ǰߵʱȷ˵һЩ
ֻҪԼĸ粻ɵӦòڸ޸κεĹ
Ҫ֪ڤ޸󴦴޷
ˮݵĵز
޸mˣһҲǰһȨ
ö֮
޷ȻǴ·ˣ
ԽʱԽֳܹŽʱ
֣̲Լĸ˵ûޣǸոԼ׺䶥һ㣡
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ٴĳ˵֣Ǿ޷Լ׸޸κεĹϸġ
Ȼ֣̿ѾǴһ֣ȨƵλá
Ⲣ̵֣ıʣ˵Ըһɾˡ
֣ҵȨ̵֣Уǲǹһ㣡
ֻԼ缫ȵСۣԼԼԡ
֣֣ϲ̸˼ǸԼĸڤ޷ס
ĸȴΪ֣ȨһϷѣ
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ּ֣֣ĲҲϴΣ֮У
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ǣһȺѣ÷ϡ
ɽҲк֣Цŵʱ׵һ仰׵ļŭ˶һˡ




3753  ɽҲ
 

޷ſڣ
֣ɽҲУǵɫʮֵѿ
ɽҲУԼϲŮǰȻˣ
޷̵飬վԼİŮǰ˵š
ҲǺٺһЦѿ֮ʲôã᱾ٸ㳢ζ
֣Ѿһֻ첲뷨డ
׿ɽҲУû˿֮ͬɫ
ͳ֣ҲܷŹ˵ġ
ҲΪʲôǿƵһԭ򣬱ͷϣԲϣ顣
С㣬˶뿪ߣʱ˼޹ǿɾûκεİ취ˣ
ɽҲпֵ֣̣ĵʮֵʿ
֣˵ҶСһëǾǸ޷սˣ
С㣬ڤƻûһܺõⰡ޷뵽޸Ļٻܹһʽ׷áǿӲĻµʱһʷöûˡ
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֣еöӡǳЧ޸˻ϣҪֳʲô
ʱһõܹҲνġ
ĵȡĻô޵¾ͻŽһԸˡ
ⲻ޸ϣģǾҪ֣
֣Ѿˣ֣ĻǸӵ
ĻɽҲôܻ߿ĵȰ֣أ
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֣룬Сֳ峤֣ͣӵ֣Ҵӡڸ޸ǩԼˣҲЧġ
֣С㻹ǻ˵Цô֪Լʲôʱǩأ޸˵һ֮ǰǩģ⻹Чô
ɽҲвмĿһ̵֣̣֣ȷЩۡ
׿֣޴ӣҲ΢΢һ̾
֣̳ĵȷû˵Ҳеģڴʱȼֱһһˣ
ǺĻ뵽Բˣ
ʱ֣̱ɽҲŪЩƿԣ׿ɽҲе˵֮ڣܵߵڰ׵ģ˵ģֻҪ߶֣Ժ޸Ҳ˵ˡ
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֣ҲǸɵӣƫƫʱôӡв֣̣
ʵϣҲѾͶ·ˣڼ׵Ĵ̼˵ƫҲʮġ
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ҪɱٸҪúõźźΪˣ
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֣׼ǰףȴ
λ𾳺ǿߵΧԼҵĴСмＸ֪ܲ
ʵϣϵҲѾΪ׿ʼˡ




3754  ̵֣ĵ
 

ڤ޷࣡
ɽҲʮֵĵ⣬ʵ֣һʼδǺ
ϾΪ޷δļ̳֮һϣΪ֣δļġ
ֻôҲû뵽ǣƻ˵ĸӡ
֣һפ֣̽פڤ޷֮Ʊòܡ
֣ѾǸܵԼŨҵΣĴȨ׵䡣
֣̻˼һЩ֮Ļڤ޷Ѿ޴ˡ
Ʊ˵£֣ѡһûк·
ѡҪ̲޷޸˵Լ޸
ͬʱҲ˺֣Һ֮·
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񣡣
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Ȼǣ
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ֻϧǣ׵Ĵ̼˲Щʧ̬
ѡֱ޷ſڶ֣Ȼ಻õӰ졣
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Ҫľ̲޷һ̲޷Щأ
һ޷൱ʵԷӰˡ
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֣ﻹὫ̵֣У
ֻҪֺܹɽҲе飬Ըġ
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죡
֣ɽҲл죬ǾѾǿԳ䶨ˡ
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ϿԿó̶֣֮һĪ档
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ڴޣҲʮĴڡ
ǰСӿޱȣȻȥЩʵɸԼҴСݶȻͬնġ
֣̼۵ϣֹиʲô̵Ļ㡭ǶҪҸۡ
С㣬ҵȸۣ峤˵ҵȱС㡣СȥĻǡ
ϳҲεҡҡͷ
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ڵϣΨһǱ̵֣İȫ
ֵģⲻı֮У
Ȼһε飬ǰλֹǰԼҴСġ
֣˫ˮˡ˼ҿǰǵģôô壡
С㣬Ѿ᧿ΣҵӦ㣬һ峤ɴСɲΪô嶯ġ
Ͽ֣̣Ҳǳ
֣̻Ҫ˵ʱ׵ӰѾʧԭء
ɾ˿ʧҲһ㶣
Ȼ
Ҳû뵽ǰܹ֮ǵ߷Χ
ԭΪԼѾǿס˳棬Ƿƺˡ
ֻһ̣
һγֵʱ򣬼˵ĿⶼѾ¶һ˿֮ɫ




3755  в
 

ڤ޷ĸǰ
ɽҲе֮͸һ֮ɫ׵ʧҲǸоһ˿Ծ
Լ˵ʵʮֵǿġ
ڤ羳ǿߣǿɶǸ߸ϵĴڡ
˿ɲڴϾܹġ
˵ʵ
ɽҲߵһݣκһλ𾳺۷ǿҪвİȫǲܵġ
ĻɽҲм˵ǾԵİȫˡ
ο
ڤǰһ廹mǶЩ޳Ǿ޴ı
£ɽҲдôĸֳǺߣ
ֻǽߵˣò˵ɽҲʵҲͦġ
أ
ɾһԵļˣǼ˼ͬʱü
һɱ⽥˵ΧɢֻȻŨɱȴҲĿˡ
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ֻһ̣
һĽѾ˺һӣȵ֮Ƴѹ£
ã֣
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¡
ɾԱߣոջڸԻλ𾳺ڵǿߣһѾֱӱ˺һ㣡
ۣ
ǵһţɾԱߵѾǿһѪһ˿ѪɫѾǿˣ
𡭡
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ֻûһ˸ҿ±ʲôһ㣡
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˻ھҪ֪׵ĶʱѾǴһը죡
ܿ죡
׵Ӱһεĳ˵Χɾ˴˿ﻹʲô˼ս
Ǻ޲ֱ·źأ
ʲôʵܹʵһ֮±ʧȥս
羳ǿߣ
ʵˣɾʵ벻ʲôܹ
ǰ羳ǿߣǻеô
羳֮£һнϣ
ǰ羳ǿ߿Щνǿߵһ̬ȡ
ϣ˵һУ
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գ֮䣡
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𣬺κεԥ֮ɫ
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̵֣Ŀϵľ֣γĶԱȡ
վ϶ɽҲк֣ѾܹþںˣֱӾ֡
Ĺ޷ϿյսѾǳ׵Ľˡ
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ĭ˿̿Ѿǲһ˿¡
ԭΪ˼䲻ԼҴС㣬ڿ˼䲻ϴС㰡
֣Щ˵Ҿ֪ûġ
С㣬⡭λֹӵǸʲôͷʵȻ˵Ŀֲ
ʵ̫˼ˣһô˵
֣̿ϣЦе˵ǴޣǿһĴءѲû˵ֹӵţ
⡭ˡªˡ
׽ʲô֪˵ϵҲ൱ķḻ
ֻǰ֮ˣʵ벻ôﰡ
֣̿ϣ˿̵ʮֵĲ
ЩЦ˵Ҫˣˡ
Ը꣡
Ȼ֣ǿЦģȴһ㶼ҿЦ
ڴ޷ͷĽ
̵֣˵ȷڴ޵ͷʮֵ
ʲʲôһͳ˶ܱ߼ȻmԿĽף
ϴʱѾǲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôˣҪ֪ݸmоˡ
λֹǴεػߡ
Ǹʲôأ
ǰϲ̫۵ˣδпܳΪ޵װ
һ뵽ߣϵѾǾ֣
ֻǶ֣ɽҲУһɪɪû뵽龹Ȼᵽ˵ĵز




3756  ޸
 

˵˭ôͣô᣿
޸һ˰һλְ
˲Ӧǰ羳ǿˣ޷һǶ˰
޸һֱҪ̲޷ҪкϷŶ
޷⣡
һѾǳ䶨
Χ۵˿ǰһһߵսҲ۷׷ס
ֵֻľԲ´Ǿϣܹƴ
Ϊڤôֵĸܾ˵Ļ˵ǿ϶ǿĲˡ
ο
޵һֱͱˣ޵ԿʵܶĻֳƿġ
ֻҡͷ̾Ϣڤһĵϡ
ǰһˣ޵ˣǿɶǺߵĴڡ
ڳ˿ܸģ
޷ܿҪڤİͼʧ˰
˿̣
׻վ˵ϣಽĳɽҲеķ˹ȥ
ɽҲвסſˮɫѾ˵ĺ¡
һԵ֣ǶɽҲеĺ棬ڵ֮˵ǿ϶Ǽٵġ
ôҲû뵽ǸԼˣȻһ˵ĸ֡
ΨһЩҵǣ˼ҿ̵֣ûжԼˡ
㡭ʲô
ɽҲпףҲǽŲѡ
۸˵ĻɽҲһѺ֣ڱ۸ˡ
׵ĿһɽҲеղ˵Ҫɱҵģ
ҡûûСֻǡ
ɽҲﻹԼΪʲôٸ֧֧Ķ֪˵ʲôˡ
û𣿡
¶һ˿ȵЦݣһֻѾɽҲеĲϡ
һʱ䣬ɽҲиоԼĺѾʮֵˡ
ҡҲǱ˹ƻ󣬻·£ҡǮкܶܶǮֻҪңʲôԸ㣡
ɽҲѾûκε·ˣΨйĻܹԼһ
̣ôã
׿һԵ֣̣ҲǵЦһʵ
̵֣ɱǧļһ֪һɱɽҲеĻôڤ˵ǾԻ첻ȥˡ
ɼǲɱɽҲܵ˵裬ʱҲ·һ
⣬֣ôҲû뵽ֱ׸Լ
ɽҲп֣ԥԥӣ֮ǰ֮ɫ
Ϊǰɱ˲գ۵ļһһӾ͸ɵԼλ𾳺ڵǿߣôɱһԼҲǺ顣
ֹ֡ӣҲ֪˵Ĵã
֣ԥһ֮Ҳεҡҡͷ
һԵϸϽ黹ôӳ鰡
ӳ飿ôӳ鷨˵
׵ϣǰλ֣Ҳǵ¸صɫͨ졣
Ͽ׹֪ڤǰһĵ̣һ޵ĹϵӦҲ֪һɣ
˼Ƿ׿ϵʵ
Щԥԩ˽ⲻ˽ᡭ
۸ͷˣҲվίȫΪǸм𣿱ڿԸ㣬ֻиݵɱ¾
׿ϣҲŭһ
ɽҲ׿еɱ⣬ҲǳλǰҵûκεĹϸϷ֣ɽԸʮƷʯ
ʮڣǲ١
ɽҲ˴Ҳһϲֻһ̣Ѿ¶һ˿Цɱߣبɱ֮ʮƷʯҪԼٸе̫ˣ
ǰҡһԳ࡭
ɽҲԭΪԼŻϷһ̣׵Ļ֮Ҳǻһ
أ
һѵ뵽˵ĶУɽҲȻδ
ȫľѾǱ˲ϣĵҲ٣ǰ֮û˴ȵĻǼҲˡ
ɽҲǿ־׵˵챾ڲɱ㣬޸˲֪ôĻҲͲԶˣ
ɽҲе³ΧЩΧ֮ҲǺ󼹷
ǿǰףѾ֪ҪʲôǴ˿̵ˡ
Ȼǲ֪ǰ֮˵ʲôͷ֪ܿ޷¾Ҫùˣ
Ϻ̴֣˿Ҳʮֵĸӡ
ʵ׶ɽҲж֣˵Ҳǲ޵ġ
֮ǸĺĴڣǿǻίȫ۸ҲǾԲġ
ڣǻһؽԼ
Ǿ֣
ʱ֣ף֮Ҳ͸Ŀ־;




3757  ǰ֣
 

֣
λ֣ҵӣ֣Ƿ޵ꡣ
ֻڤ޷ô˼Ѿ棬Ƿˡ
֣ԼұǣѾѬġ
ףԼǱһɾ͵ĻʱΪ֣ҵ峤Դܲ
ȣҲԸȣ
û뵽ǣڤļ꣬Ϊ˻һΡ
֣峤һ£Ȩһɶ
ֻ֣峤ԼӻǱһ˿Ļ룬֪ԼĶѾǸ޸ϵһأ
ǰ֣ɪɪģֺֿ֣
Ͼ
Լùϵȴ
壡
֣ܵĽΪĿ̣
̣̣ˣ֪ˣ͵Ǹƨ˰ɡ
֣Ҳû֮ǰְ裬һֻɥȮ
֣ɫ䣬֣֪뺮ԣ̶ȻûʲôϾ硣һηµ

֣֪ܲԼµУǵֵʱǿ־ˡ
֣Ѿ֣档ʾ峤ˣ
λ˵ͽ֣峤Զɡ
ţҽ֣Ѻ֣ܲ峤˷䣡
֣ҲǵλߣΪ峤ӣҲ֣ʲôͻ
ֻڣ֣ѾûκηĿˡ
һβңã
֣ҵ棬һν峤ܹƻģ
֣ͷɥģ֣Ȼв̣֪ڲͬķĵʱ
ο
Ʊǿٵȵ޸˾֪߷ˡ
޷ڣ
֣ѾǱϱѺֻܲǴ˿ϻ֣̣ǵɫǳĽš
ΪȴǵĿһֵսǺϣս

ȻţǶ׹
֮ˣΪʦ
˼Ȼﵽ˰羳ϿǱǰ
ֵϾͲؿˣĳҲû뵽޷Ȼ顣
ʵϣ
ײ滹ᱻơ
֣̿ЦһֹӣڿѾΪ˰ϵˡ
ǣ޻ǰһ嶼ҰģΪܹʲô޸һֱҪ̲޷ʲôأ
׿֣̣Ҳ΢΢
̵֣ͷƷչ仯ȷǷǳĿ죬һε˴±ڤһͳʱˡİһʵ̫ǿˡǽ¶ˣǸϽ뿪Ϊá
뿪С㣬̸װڤɲʲôѰ֮أÿһͨר˰أҪ뿪޿ܣ
ϿɲǵһططʮֵϤ
̸֣ոյߣԺܶණǺϤġ
˵ĻʵҲǺ־ˡ
׿ǵһߣֻߵĶһ˽⡣
ǲ˽⣬˾ߣʲôֻҪѯʼɡ
ҲĳҪ˵ġȻˣ¾ˣˮͣ
װĻӦȻѾǴôˡ
˴᣿
׿ǰ˰һĽˣ
Ȼ¾㱸ǲ綯ˡ
ڿһֲ
ο
֮ǰβ֮£ڰһĸ߲Ȼ֪ˣױ㲻׼ˡ
ֻԼˣɱ˲֪
֣̻ϣǿӶˡ
ˮͣ
ʲôȥһƴأ
Ҫ֪ڵˣǿɶǰһӵ¡
Ȼвٵڹ֮УǺܶѾǳ׵ˡ
вٵһ˴ʱ׼һ˳׵Ͷϡ
Ϊ֪ͶϵԽʱԽܵӡ
֮ݱܷͷɣ޷ôҲô꣬ǰ˻ҵһЩӡ
׵ĻҲǸϽȰο
һԵ֣Ҳǵǰֹӵֻ֣ҪȷͷˣʱڤӦûʲôġ
̹Ӧ˽ĳԸ񣬸οΪ߾ߵˣڤСûãСģϵľˣ
׵Ŀ⳯濴ȥ˿޷ΧһɱѾɢ




3758  ɽ
 


ŭ쳹ڤеϿգ޷ΪһжЩ
ǴԸ֪ʵǿ
һȺ˴ɱ֮Χ޷ܶ˶ָָ㡣
ղ޸ٸһĻʵܶ˶ǿõġ
Ƕڴ޸ıֻû뵽ǣⱨȻ֮죡
ոŭ֮˲Ǳˣ޸ĸɽҲеĸɽ
˿̣
޷ѾǱɽ׵Ļ顣
ΪǷУ˼һЩĻ޷Ѿ̮ˡ
ˣٸѾˣ
ɽԱߣһλݴһ˿ʹȥʮֵıˡ
㣬
Χ۵Ⱥ֮Уһڿ֣û뵽ԼȻϢľͱɽץ˹
ɽɽ¸
˵Ӵһ˿ĲԿóѾǽŵ˼㡣
Լǿֶѣû뵽Ȼ޹Ĳˡ
ղڲڳ
ɽıʮֵأһɱѾǳ
֣֪ģҲΪˣɽԼĶӹ޷
һԭɽ֮е顣
û뵽ԼİǸһȥԶˡ
ΪɽϤδӰˣ˶ɽĴж󣬻ֻԼΪˡ
ĭɽ¸ҡҸղڳ
ʲôɽ䵽˼㡣
ûа취Ҳʵʵ˵Ҳʶֻ˵һλˡ
һˣ
ɽɫһ䣬ǿնɱλ𾳺ǿ߻ܹȫ˵ġ
ʵҲʮֵģпǸļһ
ɽδţΪߣλ羳ǿ
˲һ˶ѣ߿ˡ
ټĶߣȻܾôȥ
͡һ˶ֵġ̵ͷ
ɣ
ɽֱһƺ˻δӦô£ѾǱɽնɱ֮С
Ҫ˵ùˣҲͷǴĪˡ
һﲻǿ֣ȴΪԩҲʮֵĿ
ֻ˭˼˵ˣ
ˣ޷֮ͻȻ֣ĪѾ˺޸Կ׼ˣ
ɽԱߣλ߳ȵʵ
Σ
ɽЦһĿһε޷Χ
ˣӦΧˣȰһˣʱ򡭡
λ黹ʮֵأóҲһ˿Ծ
ɽЦ˼޵˲ƶѣQ˼ˡǾȻҵնɱĶӣǱ
ˡ
λ߻ҪȰ˵ֻʱɽѾǳ޷ķϮȥ
ɽ¸ôʦڵǰΪ°
ɽ׼ȡ֮ʣ֣̺ϵӰѾǳ˵ĸǰ
ʵϣ
֣Ҳûκεĵڤ˵ˡ
ʵڤѾǱһ峹׵Ŀƣһ޵ĹϵȻǲö˵ˡ
Ǹ˶֪⵽ô£
ڤû˸޵ˣһͼ֮ͼڤ׵Ŀ
Ϊ֪̫ǿἤķ
ˮܵķʽܶ˾ҪҲûиҷء
ͱ˵һε޸Ҫ̲޷֪޸뷨Ҳûκεİ취
Ϊ޸޷һңǶֵĻǸ˰һȥŪ
޷δʹǵδ
ֻǺֻܶڴ޸ֻǶ޷ȤĶȤˡ
ɽʱЦ֣ڤ޷֮աɱ֮𣬲죡ô𣿡
ɽ¸ǺЦĺܣĶҪռ޷ȶնɱ޷ѡ񼼲˱˴ɽ¸߽
֣ЩĵĿɽҲǷһ˿мЦ
ɽһ޷ƹ֣޸æҪڤ޷޸ˣ޸޷ǲȤ
ڤĹأκ֮нأҶȨõġ޸һٶΥڤĹĪΪǵ޵ˣˣԺҵ֮˻ô
֣һкʵƯĺܣĻֱܶ顣
ɽ̵֣Ļ֪ƤӵĹʵǲռ
ԣ
ҲֱӶˣ
ߣɱ˳˵춼еġȻˣǾ޷ɣ
ɽȭͷѾǳ̵֣ķϮһĨֲѹֱӽ̵֣ѹĶЩˡ
ֻǾ̵֣֮ʣһϢֱӵ̵֣ǰ棡




3759  Զ٣
 

һ羳֮۸һ𾳶δﵽĹ㻹ǲҪĺܰ
¡һ
֮гһΣܿһǿһɢ
׵ȭͷֱӽɽˣʱҲ쳹ȫ
ֹ֡ӣ㡭ôֻˣ
̴֣˿̿ףҲһʵ
ڸղţ
׸֪ɽ˵ĵ֣̾߿϶
ԣ
ǰ뿪֪ԼҲܲԱˣ
Ҳ˭
֣һִηһҲΪס
ȻΣҲ֪֣ľʵѵľ
ҶĻǲԼʱǱˡ
Դ֪׵֮ҲЩˡ
ףǴδϣ
Ͽ׵뿪Ӧǿ϶ģ޸ȻʵرǿǵǺӴġ
һ޸Ķ֡
ֻҪӲǽˮˣӦֱ뿪طߵԽԶԽá
ûϰߣñ汾ڱ
׿֣̣ҲЦһֻЦ̵֣ĶЩڻˡ
ƺÿһΣ
˵Ļ·ôģ
Ǿ£ܹԼĪİȫС
֣¶һ˿۵ЦݵȲܹͬҲԵ֡
֣Ȼûֱʾһ̣̲סԼĵ뷨
׵ḧ̵֣㷢䲻ͬȴͬģ
ͷ̸˵˹Ŀ࿴㵽˭Ϊɱ
ɽһԵλѾǽ׳׵Χסˡ
ʱɽ֮ҲΪ𺳡
ղһɣһĪѹ
Լǰ˵Ļ¹˭ֿ»֪أ
ᣬȻʵ
ɽоǰ֮ʵЩһ㣬Ҫ֪ڤȻնɱԼӵˣǸʲôͷ
˭֪𣿡
׿ɽҲǳ˵
ߣƲԳԷƣɽĿ֮дһ˿
׵˵ڽ鵹ǲ޸ǹ˳޷Ǳھһ
ۣ
޸һЩˡ
ǸоǲǸɵӣѲɵҲ
һﻹʲô˵ĳڰ
޸ССĸּˣο߻λ羳ǿߡ
ɽŭһߣ֪ʵνͻѵȺǣΪֵܵסǵĽ
ҲԼΪǣһѣ
׿ɽ֮ҲǼ֮ɫ
ԽɽȴӵĲҶˣΪʲô
Ϊ˵е϶ĳЩ׼
Ļ˵ĵزѲǰԼɵˣ
ᣬ㾹Ȼ˵ǹ
ɽŭףм𣬿óǳ׵ķŭˡ
ôˣ˵㹷ڶ̧ˡǲ˶۸ɣ
˦Լĳ޷Զ
һ򵱹Ī
ߣǾ˶۸٣ôΣ
ɽʱҲҪˣ֪ԼпܲǰĶ֡
Ȼ˵ĻȻҪڶԹˣ
һĻʤҪܶˡ
ǣ޲Ǵʲôʿ裬ȻԶ٣Ƕ޵氡
׳Ŀɽ˿ûκεĺøС
ˣĪ˴˵ĵҪȻսپɣҹζడ
ɽߣλ߲ϵɽλ˾ܲסʲô̼Ӧʲôġ
һλʲôĻʱ޸Ҫˡ
ⲻϣģϣٶȽǰˡ
ȻѾϣɱһѪ·ˣҶǸ
ϴʱҲѪȣЩ˵
׵ȻһЦǲԶٶѣûʲôġ
ߣ˭û´ôأ޸˵Χ޷ǻŵĶɱ
ɽĿ¶׹⣬һӣ޸˵ȾԶ־
ȾԵƣĴ
˶۸ôǣȻ޸Ǿûа취ˣ
¶һ˿Цݣɽ֪׵ʲô˼ĵʱ򣬺Ȼ׵ѾǸλǿߡ
һʱ䣡
ɽҲڵǶ֪⼸˵Ǵʲôطðģ




3760  оȺŹ
 

壿
ɽ˱ܵˣôҲû뵽徹ȻǰСйϸ
ǰһĻɽҲǻܣ֪滹Ŷˡ
ǵϸĹ۲֮󣬷ֳǰ⼸֮⣬ûˡ
ˣڴˣ
ɽԱߣһλüͷʵ
һһλߵ岻ֶѣǰЩ˵ȷҲĸֻ֣ʵһѡ
һûЩҲǰ׸
ɽһӷӦ˹ΧһҲ˲䵭
ղһ̣һΪǰЩǰ羳ǿߡ
ǾԼߵλһѣ֪ԼЩˡ
Ҫֳ֪֮⣬Ҳǵһλ帱峤ǵĴ϶ѣ
Ǽˣɽ˶Ǽġ
ǰ֮ûһĸ֣ɽԭĵ˲仯ΪС
𣿡
׿ɽһ˿Ѫ˷ܡ
ÿÿ޵ˣƺһ̲סɱ⡣
ֹ֡ӣļλȻʵǿɡǲ޸⼸ֵĶ֣ǻǸϽɣ
ϿףҲ΢΢һ̾
ԭָ׿һεĴղŵ漣Լˡ
λôţĪǾͿڱ֧֣
켴˳֣Ҳѽ
οǰ⼸˲ļλ𾳺ڵĳ϶ѡ
ˣôڼأ
һԵ֣Ҫ˵Щʲôϵĵ֮⣬ʵǲ֪Ӧ˵Щʲôˡ
һһεգ
֪׵ţ
ֻһΰôܹ־Լأ
ο֣Ѿͬ׼ˡ
׵һЦϲصģǰ⼸ַӾˣ
֡ӣ
ʿˮʵ̫ˡ
Ȼߵģɽ⼸СϺףܹսʤ֮
ǰ˷ַ⼸֣ҡͷѡ
˰黹ǳ嶯һЩ
׻˵úãɽڣûգ
ˣԺҪ𣬿Ҳûκε·ˡ
οҪȥĻڤ˾Ҫǰˡ
֮ǰѾ˷˵޵졣
񿴵˳֣ǲǹô
ֻǴ˿̣
ɽƺѾЩȲˣȷԼ԰ȫ֮һαõ
һһ
ɽףҲһ
СġһԵļҲѵ
ɽ˵޷
ݣ
һ룡
ɽѾʧ˵ĸǰ
գ֮䣬һĨѾǳ׵ĸǰ
Сƣ
׿һĨ棬ҲǲмҡҡͷƺδκεĶһĨѾǳ
ô׵Ķȥˣ
ɽֵĿǰһУҲǿһ¡
ȻδʹȫҲѾǷǳۺˡ
Сġ
ɽ֮ʣ׵ĽѾֱһ
ܿ죬ɽΧγһܲ͸Ĺ
ߣСҲ롭
ɽĻδ˵꣬һεľΪĶƺЩˡ
ԭɵĲȻһ˲ô֮һ룡
ɾ˲Ĺ򣬼ѾֱӺϡ
δˣӿȥΪǱ
ˣû°ɣ
޸ǰҲǵǲѣΪɽ¸һСӶȻɡ
û뵽ǣһغ˵ľȻԼĸ
һУôͻȻ
Ƕ֪ɽ¸ô˵ģ
ûûʲôƤ˶ѡСӺùŹ֡
ɽ֮һĨɫδɢȥû뵽һﾹȻ˵Ĺȡ
ˣǺαظһһǼһȥɣ
һλ޸ĸɽҲǵ
ԭǲģСӵȷǹŹֵĺܣ˵˻δĻǻһϰɣ
ɽԥһ֮Ҳǿ˵
ǣղŲҪ̱ڵĽ𣿽һоͲˣλ˰
׿ɽҲǼ
ɽֱŭһ˸£һ˺Ƭ
㻹ΪԶôȻǱھǿֵôд
׿ɽܻӣҲǻӻ֣Լȴ˵һԣ
λǿߣʵѾǴﵽ˰羳
ȱֻӦ羳ѣʵսĳϿɲǳصġ




3761  ȺŹҲУ
 

⼸Ҳҵȳ֣ţȰļˣ
ɽݵ֮һε
ļλǿʼնûп˵ֻ֮еһɱѾɢ
ôˣһԼǱ֮ôꡣ
һ̣
лնɱ֮ˣǴ˿Ѫڣ
ף
Ҫ飬Ψɱ¾ֹܹϢ
ɽ˵֮һԵ羳ǿҲЦ
ǵ뷨ʵɽࡣ
һ˲䣡
޸λ𾳺ڵǿѾǽļǿΧס
һΪСʲôأԭļ
ѱۣ
Ӵ󣬾ǽҹأǵȴ˵ҲǾ
˷Ʈҡ֮ʣڤһҪ˰
޷Χ֮˶۷׷ס
ǿ޷飬ҲΪжϡ
ʵϣ
һ޸Ľڤ»ֵһĻ
ܶΪҲǱʾǲѣǺϣһܹվԿһԼޡ
Ҳ֪ϣ΢΢ġ
ͿɽӾ֪жôˡ
ǰǶԿˣ֮ͥɱɽĶӣʮֿɼεġ
һߣ
Ϻ֣̻һۣеһĨ֮ɫԱ
ϣǶҪˣ
֣̿һ۶ϣҲ̾һ
ˣ޺
ϣҵһɱȥҲܹǹ¾ս
֣̿ϣҲ֮дһ˿ѯʵ
ϿЦһðɣ˿ɶġ峤ڴ˾ͺˡ
ݾ֮У˿޸Ѿʼˡ
䣡
ֱӳλϵĸǰȥĽӰΣ
Χ֮һ̾ϢϾܹ𾳺ѾΪˡ
ǿߵ䣬˵Īʧ
ֻһ̣
˼ǵһΪλϸ˵ĹѾǳɽ˵ĸǰɱ˹ȥ
ԭֵɽλδվȣѾǸܵ˼ɱǿϢ˲סԼ
ᣬ⡭ⲻܣ
ɽӶˣ֮еĿвûг֡
Ǹоһ˿Ϣ
¡
һλ峤ϵȭͷѾصĺ˻δӦɽϡ
һ˲䣡
ɽѾǳźȥԭǷǳǿ
ͬΪ羳ǿߣ֮ҲҪǿֹһ㡣
ɽܴһһѪֱ˳
Եλ羳ǿҲǽӦǳ弸λϵķɱȥ
λĳ϶ˣɽѾ˲᲻صˣһŤת˹
λ峤Ĺֱӽλ羳ǿ߸Ƶߣ
мλ峤û˿ԥֱӳɽķ͹
ûκ˿ˮ
λϵʵԭѾȹ˰羳ڵʵ֮ɽһ㲻
һ
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3762  ɵǵ֣
 

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3763  ǲߵ
 

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ǰ˭ܹ˵ĵݣ
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ŴĴ漣漣ֻ漣ܹһֱ

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3764  η֣
 

޷ĸǰ
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ǼΧˣһȭһֱӺ˳ȥ




3765  Ǳɱôˣ
 

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3766  
 

޷ĸǰ
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˵꣬ͳ˵Ѿǳڷ򼲳۶ȥ




3767  ׵ս
 

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Ŵ˼ʱͲҪ𣿡
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˴ٿڼжٵҪæӦñһҪɣʲô鶼Ҫ鷳˵ĻҪæˣ
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ʣµλ羳ǿ߿˵ľǵĵһӦȥæȻ֮ˣ
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غϵĹԭİλһ羳ǿߣֻʣλ
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׵ĽֹϢһ㣬˵һĿɱ֮˲㳯ŵڶĿͦ
ЩֵһѾǳ׵ľˡ




3768  ִ
 


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ڤĵطҪʲô֧Ԯ
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3769  ȥܲһ⣿
 

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ȷ˼ľٶ̵֣Ҳˡ




3770  Ƶ
 

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3771  
 

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3772  ͳ
 

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3774  ޵ʵ
 


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3775  뵣
 

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׵һ˿ЦһҪɽٿûô׵ġ
Ц˼ߣɽΣԭҪһͳ֮жɽ٣û뵽ƻ˱˵ļƻ
ֻϧûʵնɱڡ
׿Ҳǲм˵
ЦɣΪа취κα𣿻٣ɲǰ򵥣
ǱڵҪףˣ
׵Ļ֮дһ˿Ũв֮⣬Ȼ޵ģȴûκεİ취
츳δҲпܽ硣ʱ˶㸶ޱȲصĴۣ
ףҲǶݺݵ˵
ʮֵܹɽٳɹˣ
ҲЩ֣Ȼ˵˵ţĪʲôֲɣ
Ҫһ⣬㵽˭
Ƶǣǰ֮˵˭֪ء
ֻѹûдһԼ˭
ڤ֮£
ҪľǱܣʱһ֪Ǹʱǿ¶Դ޶ȻȺ֮
ⲢҪ飬ܹһͳڤѾ׵
ԼҲ뵽Ȼ˵ͣԭСˡ
ø϶ɽٵĵڣԼܲ߳ڤǸδ֪ء
ڵݣ֪ģ
׿ҲЦһ
ʱֻҪܹһһǡ
ʱһֲõ״Ǳǳɹˡ
һɽʧܣһԶʧʷ̨֮ˡ
Ҫ˵׿ŲԶĽƵʱ䵽ˣ
ʵϣ
׸оԼҲ𽥵ʧΪûж̫ʧʱԱȽϵĻ
ŲԶǴһ˿֮ŭ٣ѾǸܵɽƵĲƣ
Ȼ
׸˵֮ʣһѾǴջ䣬ϡ




3779  Ļ
 

⡭Ȼʼɽˣ
٣û뵽羹Ȼһεĳֻٰ
ս֮˵˭ȻܹһλҪɽٵǿ߶ս
ǰȻֻǼУ̫һЩ
˵ܲһƬƬľ̾˷
ܶһѾǼԸӣ
ʮֵĹ񫣬Ϊǲǿ˰ʮŰ羳ǿߵĻпɱ¾
ҪǣǿλǿߵĶԿ
񣬾ΪʼҪʧʱǶȻû뵽ǣӾʵĶˣ
٣
ôҲû뵽ǵ֮꾹ȻܹĻ٣
˿̣
ԶǿЩɰĽƣҲֿ˻
ԺȥǴţɾʱ˰
֮ϣ
֮ҲǴһ˿Ŀ־֮ɫ֮ˣҲǴľһ㣡
ôȥˣôҲû뵽һγһλɻ֮ˡ
˿̣
һϣһѾǱЩ⽹۵ĸо
ǺںӼһ˿ͷ棬ƺڸкһ㣡
٣
ΪֲĶû˸ǰκεĲ
ף˿Ҫƻ٣Ҳûиȥ
ΪһˣǾٲ
ײһð֮ˣ֪ʱðûκεıҪ
ȵһ㣬ܹɹһ
׾ÿԲǺܴΪܹɹȥʮһ
ʵϣʮһĸѾǷǳĸˡ
Ȼˣ
ҲΪ˶ɻٵǿߣǼž԰յ²Żȥɽ١
ĻǶȻ׵١
˷ʵҲǱı׸١
׾ãһȻɽ٣Ǿһľ档
һɽٳɹʱ˵ʵҲûκεӰ졣
ԺԼɽٳɹɾͻ磬Ҳڿǵˡ
ðķȥƻ٣
׿ɲɵ
˿̣
ڲϵĶԿ٣֮һ֮һҵ֮һϣ
׵֮ҲǴһ˿֮ɫһ￹˼پȻδֳԼı壡
䣡
һٸһٴ׳˿¡
ھ˵ٵʱƺѾܲˣı˳
֮УһĨڵӰ·ҪյĽûһ㣡
ֻƺΪһ㣬ıֵʱԭĽ˲š
Ľƺûκεԥһһķ
ֻǲĿֲϢ˲κεĽӽ
ӣǼһﻹǿᰡ
ЩƵĿףǿɲɽٳɹ
׿˵ȫעٷ֮ǰҵһ
һ
ĺһĸɬ˵Ļ˭ֵܹס
һһֱԼľڵʧٶȷŻΪľһ̣
ʵϣ
ЩǣΪһɽٳɹʱʱпܷһ
ԶһǱղ١
ײԸ뿪ԭ򣬲Ҫôɽ٣ڵȴһᣡ
ӣǻȳɣǷɽٳɹڤѾǵˣǺαߡ
üȻΪ˿зգôΪʲôأ
һɽ٣Ҳܵʮֵơ
ԲĵطĻȻ뿪ڵķΧȥɱ˵ġ
׿ڵϣɽٳɹ
ôô룿
Щ㵵ĿףΪʲô׾Ȼô˵
ɽٳɹ˵ٺһ
ʵ벻磬ôأڱȱľǻ֮һɽٳɹʱĻ֮
һﻹǾƣû뵽Ѿˣ
ӣΣ
ףҲǾǵ
׵һЦʵɽ٣һմڣİɣûµģ
˿̵Ĳ֪ǿҲûЦҲãоǺܷ
ʵϣ
ĿУ˲Ϊ׵ġ
׵ĻҲǴһ˿ɫʣΪѾǳСͷˡ
һ뵽ۼС磬ԭԳɾͻûʲôָڱôһľ͹ˡ
һƾӰţ
˿ףҲǵ
һ֮
ѾһϢ˿ǽȴӿ
ǼƷ·Ҫڤһ㣡
װУĶ׼ɣȱ̡ˡʣµľͽڰɣǼһӦǵˣͿһܲͦȥˡ




3780  һ
 

ڤܲϿգ
ʱĽƺҪ֣·֮ҲǲֻʵĳΧķˡ
ǿְȥĻʵҪΪЦˡ
Ȼˣ
һǿڤǿףܲ٣
ҪǱٸĻǼֱǴݻԵġ
֮䣡
һɻ̻Ϣڿдһ˿룬ԭ谵֮䣬ı
ɫĽһҲǳ׵ıɫ
зƣ
֮ƣ˭¶ҪĤݣ
̧ͷҲǳ˵ķ򼲳۶ȥ֪ʱ벻鷢
Ҫó׼ʱ׷Ī
ʵϣ
֪һɹˣǱǹ͡
Ҫʧأ
ǵʱʣ£
֡û뵽ʵѾﵽ˵زʵĳѰ
ͳ쿴׵ĵΨо塣
˵֮ǰͳһֱ׵ĻôڵѾʵô޶ɹΣ
˿ҲʮֵĲʵȷƿֲֻǱû뵽Ǽһﰡ
ܶ࣡
ֱԲ˵ʵҲ֪Լ֮Ĳʱûа취ֲġ
ЦһղǿǸƽŶҲ̫ǫˡ
֣һԿף֮г˵֮ɫʵִ֡磬ǲǾûˣһɽ٣ǲǾ͵޹ˣ
˵ӦģҲҿɽˣĻҵȽҪ˴ˣ
仰ΣԾ֮Ҳܹ乹в
ȥĻǼֱͲ󵽵ǸʲôĽ֣
޵ļʮλֵϣһв
׿Ҫնɱ¸ĴҲѰ֮ġ
ֻɽ֮󣬱㰲ȫˣ
֣һĸооԼǾһһεʧ֮󣬲ϣ
ʵϣһж״ǵϣ
ûף֣ҵĲҵѾǱ޸̲Ҳһδ֪ˡ
Цһ̹ɽˣǿ϶ǰȫ˰ɹʧܣûʲô̫Ӱ졣
ͳ΢΢һЦԼǣɹ磬ʧ𡣲ȷ˹Ŀ࿴˵ȿֲ˹٣Ȼͦڡ
ͷһˣ
ԽʱλԽҪСġ
׿ˣҲѵ
ֻҲ֪Ǹûʲô̫ô
Щ̫˰ѾʼɽˣĳΪҵûκεвˡ
ͳ쿴ףҲ˵
ʵͳ컹ϵˣǶΣѾˡ
Ƕʲô٣ʵջϸûʲôϵġ
ķҪٹȥ
ͳˣǿɶϽĴڡ
ˣɵİԼŪȥ
״˿̿һͳ½Сģܲдġٽλĳĺ
ҵԸͬ
ͳ˵Ưǲģֻ˵һ룬ͱװڰʾͣˣ
һݵλСģ
Զ֮ϣ
Ǻ͸һ˿ƵĽѹ˴
˿̣
ܶ˸ܵһɽƵ֮Ƕڻһε˽⡣
Щ𾳺ڵǿߣǸܵ˵Ľ֮Ǹоʲô
һĪľ
ǾֱǸ߲ʵĴڡ
ʵϣʵˡ
֮꣬ΪʲôǧûĶɽٳɾͻ磿
˵ɾͻǶôѣ
ȻҲһѹԼʵȻĵĵȴٵĽ١
ɼҲ֮١

֮УһϽɫڽ֮лԾţ·һ̱һкǧ
ʮֵĽţĺҲǸоһķ
ʱȴ׵ķ˹Ϲһ˿֮ɫ
˿̣
֮·һûһ㣬֮з˹Ź֮ɫ
û˭֪ʲô
Ҳû֪Ҫʲô

һϽɫҫһƬ֮䣬űһ޴ĺ
һ̣ˡ
Ȼڴ˿̣䶸




3781  ˭˭
 

˿
ڴһ֮ʣ˭Ҳû뵽ǣһ̣
Ȼʹˣ
Ȼ׵ķϮ
գ֮䣡
޴ѾǸ׵˵Ͽա
һҪ׵ͬھ
Ҫ׵˵Ϊɽ٣
ʵϣ
ѾǷһʱ֮͸һɼᶨ֮ɫ
Сġ
ͳԭЦݳ׵̣˿̿ǵҲǳ׵±ˣ
ƵжôǿһѾǲҪκε׸ˡ
ǿֲ˲£ҲǱ۾
ȥɣ
ϴһ˿֮ɫʵҲʱľ
Ѿǭ¿ˣ
ѾûκεĶԵˣһѾôˡ
׵һǿİҲе顣
ʱһԼȥǰһ֮һˡ
ǳɹˣҲ׬ˡ
ʧˣҲԲκεĻ·
ò˵ʵ̫ˣһôƺû׬
¡
޴˲们䣬һɫ׵֮֮ǰκһ֮Ҫǿǿֹ
Դʯ
һҲǶűԴʯȥ
Ȼ֪ڰס٣һҲ׵֮С
֪ʱ̺пľٶ׼һС
׵뷨뷨ʵһޡ
֮ǰϣʧܣ෴ģʵӵϣɹ
˵ɹİ֮ʧҪúܶࡣ
ο
ɾͻ磬˻ôأ
׵ʦǿǺ棬ȥ˻绹˲ɣ
ʱ
ҲסˣԭΪ֮˿϶Ǿʧ롣
ʧǣӰߵһ̣˾Ȼû˿ԥֱӾͳȥˡ
һϵ޷죬֪˻Ϊǰõģ
ҲǲҴ⣬ҲӲͷƤһǵֲ
Ҫ֪
ôǾԲܵ˵ģ
Ϊһɽ٣ԭֻҪٵɱ׵ˡ
ڿ׳ȥȥæʵûκε·ˡ
ٵһϿ϶Ҫϵġ
ֱֲͷ֮ϵıԴʯ֮ϣ
һ̣
ҲػֻΪԴʯһ֮Ȼδ
ۣ
׵ĿпѪ˿̿ȥɫҰף
һԵ֮ףǸǲ磡
ȻδҲѾǵһϢĵز
˴۵Сۣƺ˭Ҳûڶˡ
㻹Ǳ˵Ĺ˰
¶һ˿Цݣ֪ԼһεĶɽٳɹˡ
޴ϲóģ˿̿ģǵĺܡ
׿֪ܻôֻû뵽㾹Ȼܹٵһʵ
㡭֪˻ô
ЦһܾƺʲôԾ
벻ﲻԾ
˵ɽٳɹκ鶼ҪҪҲΪ˰һʷϵһλɾͻ֮ˡ
һ㣬ʵʷˡ
ɿײδκεŭһ˿ȰЦݣҲЩˡ
ڻҪϲ㣬ɽٳɹˡ׵˵
۾˺֣Ȼ֪ҪôΪβߣղˣ˶ûκεİ취֪ˣȴǴߣ
֪ˣ
׵ĻͷƤһ飬˵ϻһ͸ĻǾǰ֮ˡ
һ£оޱȣ
񣬼ɾͻ磬û뵽Ȼǿ˵ڸʲô
һȷñ˹Ŀ࿴㣬Ұһûκεĳ·Ҳܶᡭ
ɾͻ磬綯֣ұ֤㵽˻ûкùӳԣ
׿ҲЦһ
࣡
׵ĻĨһ˿м
ʱ
֮䣬һ˵ͷ֮ϣǽ֮͸һɾ޴Ĺ
ֱӽ׵İסˣ
֮УĽ٣һֶĤݵĸо
Ҫ֪磬ǱĻع鱾Դˡ
κδ;ͬ飬ԻرԺ
ֻ൱ļѣ˻磬ǲĳеĿʼ
ģ֪ʼĻǿ߿ʼɱˡ
ֻŻ֮֮ʱ֮ҲĨһ˿֮ɫ
ΪԭԼϵĻ֮𽥵ļ٣ѷĵز
һǻ֮ѾǱ֮ϵˣ

֪һﵽʲôķ
ֻɱ䵽һ붼ûɱɣͳ˵״
ӵĹδüʲôһһεҫ
ǵһ̣һʧˡ




3782  䶨ڤ
 

ɽٳɹ
ĿһУֻеûм֪
Ҫնɱ׵һĻҲûע⵽
ڤڣ˴һĽı鿴
۰һΣѾΪڤڵһ棬Ϊ˰һĴ档
ֻǴ˿ܹĻǾͻ֪һﵽжôˡ
ʵϣ
ÿһεĶɽ٣ʱ̴Ϊġ
ǵ˻磬ҪԼǧѶ֪֮
һζɽ֮ԭмһٴӲı׸Ĩȥ˰˳ɡ
˵ȥӰ졣
ֻһУǶڴ˿̵Ƕڵ˵Ǻˡ
磬˭Ҳ˭
˿̣
׵ֳ״̬ĸһֵʮԡ
ĻָҪһ̵ģڵ׿ȥҲġ
Ȼʹ֮ǰҲûƴȫȥѡ
˵ܲǰ
е˿Ļ̻̣ΪһĹڤܲѾ͵컻ˡ
壬ǺĻΪһڤ˵
޵ҲΪһ˥ܶǿʢ
Ϊһӵ£ҲɪɪΪ֪ȴǵĽֽʲô
һּҳ
Ȼ꣬ȻҲ˻ˣ
Ī̵֣ˣΪľ˹ɽһ顣
Ľֶ˵ֱ
Ȼ֮г̫̫ĲֵۣŵĵϲԱ
̫ˣ
ͳȷڶͶء
Ҫնûл֡
ԭһɱʵľģڷǵƺΪǴ޳׵ɨϰ
ҲǹһЦͳ죬ڻñľǴ𣿡
µǷǱȳˣʵ֮
˵ͳڶʮֵԼҲˡ
Ҫ֪Ϊ羳ǿߵûеȻһ𾳻δﵽĹչ˳
ͳ˿̺޲ҸطȥźãȻˣһϲõĽ֣ԴʱЦҲ˴ˡ
֣ЦһҾֹӻɹġ
ǰ̹ǹªˡҲǵͷ
һԵϵǲɽٵĻǻΣգʵǿҲǺܺð
ܻô𣿱ôΪ
ϵĻôӦǷ׵ġ
ĻһäĿˣȻɱ¾ڤ֮дȥġ
ǰʵ˿͸ǲǵˣ
Ҳǵͷ˵һʼڣҲʱϵˡ
һʼ׽޷Ȼٵ޸顣
˻ӣٵܲɱķ
ÿһΣ
϶ѾǱپˣÿһ׾ôӲͦȥˡ
ǵĻʬѾǸɱˣ
λΪʲôӰ𣿡ʵ
ϹһЦ絽ûӰ챾ϲ֪ҴӦúܿҪˡ֣ʱȻǼᶨƵվߵġ
ͷĪ⣬ڤȻʮֵǿŴޣǻкܴĲġ
ʵǳǿᣬǲòͳҲһԵ
֮伸ֹҲûм˴ް
֣̿ҲЦһڼ֮ʵֲ
֣ʵͼϣܹڤһĴѣ
ôҲû뵽յȻӵġ
΢΢ҡͷ޲ûҴ֮ҪٵĴۣҲΪʲô˷ǰڤһԭû뵽ǣ붫޵ϸǽһ鷳
ǰҪҴޣǾͱҪܴĴۡʱΪѣǰһһͳڤʱǾܹڳޣǸʱҴʱ̰
ͳ쿴֣̣ҲһԽ͵
Ǽʲôĵôİ
֮ʣ׺Ѿǳǵķ˹
˿̵Ϲһ˿Цݣ˵ʮֵˡ
˿׵ĵ֮г˳֮⣬Ǵһ˿ء
񡭡
˶׺˸к׼˵Щʲô
ʱЦŵ޷̸ɣܲʱҪˡ
˵꣬Ѿǳ޷ķ򼲳۶ȥ




3783  
 

޷ڣ
ײҪ֮ͥЩ飬ҪһҪ¶Լݡ
˵ˣڤʶԼʮֵ٣
ĿǰΪֹҲ̡֣֪Լݣ֣֪Լʲôݡ
ڤ䣡
ܶ˵ʱὫڶ޵ϡ
Ȼм䷢˺ܴãܶ˶ӦǶ޵ǿߡ
˵Ƕ޵һѣ
ǻͷȥ룬ҲҪĽ
Ϊʲô
Ϊڤأʱ֪֮˰пڤĻô¾޺Χˡ
ڴΪʱ֣ȵ˼һ¾Ͳһˡ
˭Ҳ׵޶ֵһԭʵϾ˭ҲΪ룬˭ҪΪȸ
޷Ķ¥ʮֵĿ
˿̵޷ҲϲΪ֪ǶɹⱲ˵Ľѡ
ǵˣԺڤĵλҲѸٵĴ
飬˭Ըأ
˿ףѾǵżеżˡ
˵ߵ޷κһ䣬˿д֡
Ȼˣ
ײϲĸоֱŶ¥˹ȥ
ӣ֪ô죿
ףЩ֪ʵЦŵ
Ҳ̸ڤһ˵ȷϢ˴ٿڱڵϢܵľ;
׿Ҳɫɵ˵
ͷӷģǲ͸˵ģѾ÷ȥˣźܿͻʮ汾ڹĹˡ
ǲЩʱѵѡ񡣡Цŵ
ӣҶ޵ƶ壬һ嵹̨ʱ˳ƳΪһڤ;ˡ
ףҲЦһ
׳λĹϵҲñܣͳ˽֮󣬾ͲҪἰˡ
ǣӣ
˺ȻӦǣ֮⣬֮˶ǳȥˡ
̵֣Ҳȴһ֮ͽⶥ㡣
׵һ̣Ȼϥ¹л
Ҳûȥֻǰڰֵ֮Ŀ˰ɣ
ô˴ڤֹˡҲ˳վȻ¶һ˿Цݵ
Цŵ˵ĵ˾ѣοûҵһľսҲҪȥģֻ˵֮ԺһЩҲ˵
ǱҪ̸ԭ򡣡ףҲ˵Լе뷨
ȻڴΣˣ޶ʱҪҲʵ
Ҫ׺ʼ޵֮£Ǵ˵ʵ̫ˡ
޻Ҳǹͬĵˣ׿Ҳûԥ˵
֮ǰҵȶɣڱԼͳǸǺ˵
׹һЦǸûбҪҲˣ
֣ЩƵ˵ҡҲǸƲѡ
ģ˼ĳˣװ뿪Цʵ
ҡ˼֣˸ЦһˣЦ
ҲЦŵĽλ
Թɡ뷨ʵֻ֪ǱǴڲ顭
ЦһҪǽڲһͳ
˵ʵ
ڤڲҪһͳҪʱġ
ҶڣҲ뱩¶֮ĹϵʱڤɶԴ޵һͳ
Ҫ֪һˣ޿϶ƶ
ʱ׼ΪĲڵֻͼ֮
ڴһͳѶѾǽ˲١
Ŀǰʵ˵һӦûκεɣο޵ʵھ
ףû⡣
׵˵ڳ飬ϣλԱܡ
⡭˼ǲڤˣЩ㵵ʵ
׵˵ⲻǸһ˴޵𣿿޵һ
ɷҪ޵һ֮ףҲ̽Եʵ
׹һЦǻ۵ȷ˹Ŀ࿴ҴĺŴһ̱Կʼˡ
죡
û˿ԥȻ뾽׺Ĳֻǰȫôļ򵥡
ĺνһļϣ
ڻδȥȻ̸ȻҪ͹һЩ⡣λȻȥ֮
׿֪ȼĺȻֻ˵˵ѡ
ңҲҪʲôʵ
ݣȻѾ˵ĵزȻҲҪͼıķչˡ




3784  ٻض
 

ޣ
һεĻص֮ʱЩ
ĶѾǳ߹ģʱ仯Ѿʮ־޴ˡ
ĴҲѾ׼ǺܶʩδƣǨٶȴһ㶼
šγһ޴ıɡ
κһ⣬ǻܿĳԮ
ףһȥڤ˳ô
Ϊĵľڤơ
һվŵƲ񡢹֮Ĵ峤
ħĵһսҲվߣϾ״˷ǰʱǳ֮ҪԶһǿı
ˣƺ˴ỹһʱɣôͻˣĪǶ޵׵ûϣˣ
ƲҲһãȻĿףȻ׻ʱЩԡ
׵˵Ѿˣ
ˣļٵİ
Ҳüͷһ壬ȻûνĽǸʲô˼
ЦһĪ˽޵ǰ˶֮ˣ
ĻȻЩףɵҲһ취ҲǴֵ˵
˴˿̾ڤ׵˵
ڤǲ˵ܲ𣿡ɲʵ
Цŵǰˣôܻأ˴20ڤٿһδҪӦλ飡
ۣ
һѪǰ˴˿̿ףһǿŹһ㡣
ֲ̫˰ɣ
֮ǰ˵а취޵ʱ򣬹֮˶ǼԵġ
ΪһεʵΣϵ̫̫ˣһСĿ׾̵ܹڤ֮С
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οһȥȶ޵壬ʵڤ֮пνһеһ㡣
׾Ȼ˵ˣΪ˵
ڳ˸о޻̸֮Ѿûκ뷨ˡ
ˣ˵ȡΪ⡭ⲻܣܣ
ƲֱҡͷȻ鲢Ǳлɵ̬ȣֱΪܵġ
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ףҲͬѡƲĹ۵㡣
˶òܣΪһȥʵ̫˼ˡ
ЦһҼҷ漣һйµİɣ
˽Ұ׺ٺһЦ˵ȷΪʵһ
˸ˣ˾ֵĿס
ڤֵܸĻǾѾĹͷˡ
ȸ䡢׻Ĵ˽ʮλ羳ǿߣǰһ֮˸һǸ
׿ˣ˵
ȥʮλ羳ǿߣʱ䣿⡭⡭
ƲѾĿˣǲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ֻǸȷһ㣬ǾǸǸˡ
һ£
֮ʮλ羳ǿߣǸʲô
ЦһҲþ̫ȣǻСҲǼʶġҲҪΪ֧ȡĵطһεǿǧ궼һָù
ðɡԭһżҲȴ
ôţĻʹôĸ֣Ȼһͳ
ЦŵǶ鷳Ѿǳ׵ɨˡ
ǡǸأЩʵʵôôİ˵
ڿû£΢΢ҡͷ
ô죿ĪʲôطסˣпյĲ
ݸһЦҪߣǵʱʮǿ߶ҪסֻǱڵ㹻ĺá
ԼˣʵĻѾЩˡ
׹һֵôأһڽֽغϣɽˣ
ʲʲôɽˣ𣿡
һ󾪿ֵĿף֮еһĨڴ֮ɫҲԱ
ԼʵѾǿֲȵزǿߣ㾹Ȼܸкüغϣǡ׳ɹûа
ɹˣ
¶ЦЦЦݣźһһ㶵ġ
Ҳôûһأ
˵ԭǶɲһٵģ˳ưһѣ
׵Ļֱúһӱã
ǺһˣӶˡ




3785  ͳ
 

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Ĳ⣬ʵġ
Ҫ֪׵ȥڤֳôĶ᲻ģ
ȥ˻磬׵ͷɾͻӦҲ֮е顣
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ⲻԵ޹ʵĸԼһ
޷Ϊ֮Цһ
⣿ΪʲôѲ㻹кôɣ
ڵʻǸʵġ
׹һֵ֮ǰ޵СĵĻ̫֮࣬һһӸ˲١
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һ׵뷨ֻЩס
ЦŵͬʱǼһȻɾͻһʧأ˻ҲǸз϶ѡ
ô˵˵׬ˣƲЦŵ
ݼأһɽٳɹ֮󣬵ʱ޴ĺôоͰǧĽغ˵Ļ˻ǿȱ˶ٵĴ
ҲһԵ˵䣬ʵѾĽˡ
׵˵ڤȻҶܣʱȴﲻʲôæ
ΪΣƲʶʵ
Ϊ˷ֹޣ˵Ļҵȱڽĵزʱıˣ
ͷǵĺܶԣʵϼǿ޺Ͱһ壬ҲһֱûĸһһֱҲǰд
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ڵףڱֻ˵һԵı϶ѡ
ĺڤϣôһǸʱ׾ʹһΪľ棬ʱڶˡ
ڤܹʵѾǰǺܴæˡ
׵ͷ㸸ӦҪٶҶ򡣡
ףʵ֪ҸѾûκεϣˡԵĻϣȥȰ˵Ҹ״ˣ
ʵҲʮֵĵǡ
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֪ҪңҲҪ㸸סЩ鲻ʱ̣֪ҴӦ㣬пܵĻҶȻһ·
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һԵĺҲǵͷڵȷǲ죬ûѹԵʵǵʱһʧأɽĻᶼûС
ˣºħ򡢶ȼǿǰʱ
װʮ˵ⶫδȫĿѾ׼ϡ
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ڼԼĸӦòɱԼȻϴӦףʵȴ԰Լг̡
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ƲȻ׵ľ֪׼ȻѾˣǻûлͷ·ˡ
زǣǾȥ鷳
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ڶͣ˼죬Ŵ޵ķ򼲳۶ȥ
˷ǰޣҪȥȥˣ
ûˣҪһͳ޵Ľٵûϡ
ʱ䲻ȴһҲˡ




3786  
 

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޸Ȼм仹һޣǴӺͨеĻ֮ûκε谭
ڤѾ׵ƿ֮УڤȻѾʲôˡ
ҲΪʲô׻Ҫлmһԭ
䲻⣡
m֮˶Ȼ뵽˶ݵʱ֮ڣ׵ʵѾһز
ȻˣȻҲûнҪĿڴmϡ
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ԼɽôˣȻҲǵʱ̫Ļʱʲô۶ӡ
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ֻҲͬʱУһҪʱһͳ
һ棬ȵʱʵʱҲȥһˡ
Լ˷磬ǸʱЩ֮˾ȷĿڴѰԼˡ
һеһУѾıĺܺá
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׶һˣŴ޵ķ򼲳۶ȥѾڴˡ
һޣⷽҲЩã
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ڴޱһǣȥΡ
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ΪǴӺ򾭹δĽ
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λֵܡ
׿һһ˳Լķ˹ҲЦһ
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ݺԶ˵λ֣ݻδҵжϣӦֻ·
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΢΢ʼ磬Щε˵ĳʸ·ѣǱ˵ϸҲôˡ
֮ΪһʱʵҸ磬ô˶أ
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ݺԶԼ֮ԣҲüͷһ֣Ҹͣ
ʲôͣôأ˭ҵɣ
ʵ֪˵ӦñȽϵ⡣
ֻھҪҲǽͲѲ˵ԼΪݺԶȲ
ɣ³Լ֮⣬û˻ŵġ
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˵֮ʣӰѾǳ˵ĸǰ
ƺĺס




3787  ݼ֮Σ
 

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ݺԶüͷһ壬ǰļˣʮֵء
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ݺԶĿ׵㵽˭
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ǰûκεԥǵĿʮֵȷǾݺԶ
ݺԶݣƺ͡
ȻԿƳǣɾƳȴһξ룬ϡ١
ǿɱһΪ˱ҲᾴԶ֮
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ڳǼԲǧ֮ڿһˡ
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ݺԶʵҲǲѾǴﵽ𾳳ڵĵز
Щ֮УҲλ𾳳֮ˡ
ȻʮλһݺԶ֮ʵֻλ𾳳֮ˡ
ݺԶ˵һ֮ԿλʵԼ𾳳֮ˡ
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׵˵λŮ㲻ҪҸᲢۺòãĳѾ˵ˣĳԴޣ
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ҪôǿƣҪôԼΪԩˡ
ŮڻǹĹɣӦúֲܿסˡ
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ײֻ֣ݺԶĿԸ㶨ҲûбҪ˻ˮˡ
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ûĻݺԶʵҪߵĻʻǺܴġ
ߣȻǲˡ
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׵Цһģ̫ðɣĳɻûлأĳǿԾ磬
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׵ĻҲǽʵ
һԿǵļ֮ˣһҲ۾ɵϴ
ѾǸǼ˷а
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Ϊ׵һ˿׺ϣҲŭһ
ƺûһ¶Դ޲̫Ϥ°ֵĻǿɷĳȥһ˰
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̵ͷֻпˣ
ڵѾûκεİ취ˣ֪ԼʱͶˡ
׺ٺһЦɽ
ǿǵļ֮ʣ׵ӰѾǴǵĸǰʧˡ
Ȼ֪׵ʲôİ취ɿһ˳ȥϵҲǴһ˿ĸж֮ɫ
ϾƼˮꡭ




3788  ɽΧ
 

֣ĳһ֮
׵쳹ԭǵĺ˿ݺԶߣһҲ¶˳
룡
Ϊ׵ĺ˿׵ĵչֳһֵ̬
ףͷҲصֱ˦ȥһƣ
ǿȻ׵˿һ㣬Щ
ںܶ͵ȼ˵Ǿǻصǿ߰
Сģ
ݺԶ׳֣֪ԼԼû˼ҡ
ⰵ˶ֱ֣֪һжˡ
˵ݺԶʵܵľ͸оײϸ

ӡδ׵ĸǰţ뺣һʧӰ١
ֻǺ˻δӦһǿȭѾǺХ
ǸֵĺͫһҲĵֿ
׳ֲδ̫࣬𾳳ڵ˽֡
ʲôʵ
ѹƵȵزʵǰʲô˵Ҳѹġ
䣡
׵ȭֱӺǺ˵ϣһȭ˺ȥ֮Զ
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˷еĹ켣֮һεѪ
˵زļҲŵæ˺˼
˿̣
ϺݺԶѾһҲ㶵ĿŶס
˶δ뵽־Ȼ˵͡
ȻݺԶ׵ĳָоʵԼҪ߳һЩҲֻǸ߳һЩѡ
֮꣬Ⲣûʲôֵġ
ݺԶʮֵƳ֮ڣҲбԼ츳ߵ˴ڣοطأ
ʯƾһȭֱӽǰ˸׵סˡ
أ
Ϊ׵ĺ˸֮ʣԭЩνİ֮Ѿһʧԭء
ֻǳʧķһۣδκεĶ
ʵϣ
Ҫ֣ЩСǰεġ
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ݺԶ˵ȫǿԿ϶ײϸˡ
Ϊ֪Լļֵ
һڲϸԼļֵȣǾԲͬնġ
һԵҲԼ촽Щ˼Ķ׵ֹ֡ӣ֮ǰᣬʵǶԲסˡ
޷֮ĳҲʮֲֵУĳȻһֻû뵽ô죡
ҲЦе˵ƺûκεĸо
ݺԶЦŵ֣ҵ·Ѿ¶ҪڼǰûпˡҽƳһΣ
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Ҳһĵ֮ˣƺѾǱűľߡ
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ѽһˡ֣һƳǻڣݺԶڣʱȾΣ
ݺԶҲˬʵĴЦƺǰѾǿˡ
λ֪ǿᣬΪǿ˵أοڼ̵ĳǳأûԮƳҲ֮¡
׿ݺԶҲüʵ
ݺԶڣ
ֺǣĳֵܡ׵˵ֻǹ¾սվʲô취
֣˷ĳΪľȥϵԮֻƳǵΧѾǱİȫ̷ҪȥεȵѶȰ
ݺԶ΢΢ҡͷ֮ҲǴһ˿ľ֮ɫ
ϵֹӣȰ㻹ǴڤƵаɣڤҲڰһĿ֮УҪƵҲף
Цŵ˵ʵĳһʲôˣֻǸղõľʵжĳĳ䲻Ǵ֮ˣȴҲǸжĺܡ
ּЦˣҪȥ򣬿ɴƵޣǱҲǽ䱸ɭϰ
ݺԶףҲһεĸ׳⡣
ЦŵĳԭҪƳǿһϾûȻ;ô鷳ǲȥƳһ
ݺԶЩ㵵˵֣Ƴǿɲ棬пһ·
һԵҲǵղֹӾҸ磬˵Ӧ빫ӵƳһɹҲˣ޴ѹݳǡǳƣȻѪȾɽӡ˼
޷޵ĳδУ
˵һţݼÿҲһΡ
ݺԶһЦеƳһΣĳűǣ
һ΢΢ҡͷܹĻĲ
ǸղŴ˾ԼԼĸĻǸˡ
ˣһҲǲסҡͷ
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Ȼڴ˿̣
һͳĺŽݼŴҲɫ䡭




3789  
 

Ƴڣ
״˿̸ݼѾǽУǴһҲߵķ
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һλǿڸ̨֮ϣĿ磬ɨǰѹѹһƬ
ֻǵݺԶߵʱҲǻվ
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ݺԶϿǰˣҲǵϥ¹ȭ
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ǴޱĴͳ˧֮һԶ⣡
Զ⣬ǱĴͳ˧֮һҲǴ޵ĳǿߡ
ƳǣЩսҲֹ
ֻԶƳһǹ
һΣԶҲһ˿ĸоΪһ޵ͱ
˵֮ǰ޺ʹ֮䲻̽ԵĽĻôһδ޳ĹģǾԲһġ
ԶϢԴԱ޴˷˵ʦڣ֪ʲôԭ
Ǵһͳ˧۹ʼոоһβԾ
Զ漴ɳԼĶݺԶǰǣҪԮ
ɳȥĳƺһȥûӰ
֮£ԶҲɳԼһ׵Ķǰ
ֻû뵽ǣԼĶӾȻ֮ľͻˡ
Զôôͻˣ
Զ֮бһ˿ľ⣬ʵ
ݺԶµ˧ʹ븸˧ͷ
ʲôԶʵ
ɳԱǰǵıؾ֮·չɱһɵ
ݺԶֻǼԵĽһԶѾǽĿ׵ϡ
˭
ԶףϸֳһĨɻ
һԵ̵ֹӾҸң˧ҪȻĻǾͱǰץˡ
лֹӣ
Զֻ΢˼֮㹰ֶ׵
Цһ˧лĳҲֵֻĿѣκҪæĵط˧ֱ˵ˣ
ߣԪ˧˭֪Ǹʲôģ
ڴ˿̣ԶðһˣʢԱվһλƲۣȴʵ൱ߡ
ڿ˵ĴŻƳ֮˵ģ
£սҪ
óԶȻΪ˧ƺԴҲ̫ĵ
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˲ǱˣǴmĵڶӣҲԶνĶҫ
˧ս֮ϣôܳƺΪأ˧ӦóƺΪʹ
ҫǴmɹ챱Ĵǵʹ
˷Ƴǣû뵽ǾȻ޴
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ҫˣûľ档
ԣ֮о͸Ҽûʲôġ
棬ǳǷʬѪǧľ档
ҫһԼ׸ǰ¶һûᣬټ߻иֻ
ʵڲеĻҲǿߵġ
׬飬ôܹأ
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ȻֻʹԾӣѹԶһ
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ԶƳǾԵȨټҲǴ޵ĹҫҲôˡ
ڿףҫҪʼˡ
ʵ׵ǲʲô޵Ҫ
һƳķأ
ʹˣѹֹӼȻ˵һ!
ԶⲻϾΪûκεıҪ
ԼӵļֵһССİϸܹģ
ʹˣֹӵǲϸݺԶԸͷΪ
ݺԶҲǹʵЩˣֻʵ̫ʢˡ
ߣٳ˹Ŀ࿴һ˵ôƳǧǧ֮˵Ტۣĳ飬һǧҲ޼£
ҫˣȻϾʹưոݣ
ʹˣܡƳ֮һ˧ָӡս½˵ɡ
Զ˿ûô˼ϸ֦ĩϾֱİ嶨ˡ
ҫҪ˵ЩʲôһԵλƺ
һ
λ̨ȥУ̨һǻѪȥɱ߽߳أʹ𣿡
׿ҫ֪Ǹʲôˡ
Σ֮ʣȻ˼ŪȨ
׵ǻۣô᲻֪Ҫʲôأ
𣿡ҫŭһһԵߵԱߣ£
Զ⣬ͷڹꡣ챾ȷҪ棬һϷˣ
ڴʱ׳ҫ֮ʣѾ
˵Ŀ⿴˶һ̵ʱԶӶˡ




3790  ƾ
 

Ϸˡ
ҫԭԼע׵ϣǱߵһλȷ˵ĿⶼǱߣ
ΪǼһϾȻһˣ
˲ǱˣԶĸףط
طƳǵλʮ֮ߣҲһλӢۣʵҲǴﵽڵĲΡ
ƳǣҲһʵ൱ĸ֡
ʵϣ
طԶĸô򵥣ʵϻǱ޲ΪƷ˵ĳƺţ
ƺţʹҲмܹá
һǳΪˣǱȻż֮ˡ
طҲʵж֤ԼƷˡ
ԶƳʮ꣬طɷһƳǳսƳ֮С
طδΪƳսҾ뿪ȥ
ƳǹҲΪˣطƳǵܼ
Զ⣬ʵϱ֮ԼĸҲҪһ
ǳ£ؽ޵֡
ô£
Զ⻢һЩŵĿǰһĻôҲû뵽Լĸ׾Ȼڵ֮֡
˧ô֮˵УҲ˫ĿᣬоһôĲʵ
˧㿴
ݺԶոҲ׼ѯһеô£
ɵԼ߲ԶվŵǸշװ֮˵ʱƺһѹˣ
ݺɣ
Զ⿴ŶǸԼʮӣһѾЩվˡ
û뵽Ȼ֮ˣ޹Ȼǹݣ
ҫҲʶǸݺɵģԶӵȷһ˧š
ԼףҲǴmĽӼѾƳǵĸ˧λߡ
ôҲû뵽ǣһŴȽȽĽǣû뵽Ȼ޵ļϸ
׺䶥
Զһ̸оԼͷĿѣһӱ˿հ֮ɫ
˧û뵽ɣ
أλ޵ȷѾȥȡ֮ݺվطߡ
طȻûбסȴӦǱĳֵҩʱķסڵ
ݺɣ㡭㡭ۡ
ԶоԼʲôסһ㣬ֱ֮һѪˮ
˧˧
Ԫ˧
˧
˷Ƴҳһ࣬˿˭Ҳ֪龹Ȼᳯķչ
һһϷ룬ӦӲϾ
˭֪طıץƳǴΪһ
ݺɶƳʵ̫˽ˣץһΪҪȴҲΪϸط
˭뵽Ƴǳڣطأ
ݺɴطʱǻҲûκ˸ġ
ΪݺɣǿƳǵĸ˧Զ֮⣬˭ֹ
ݺɣҸ״˶缺û뵽㾹Ȼ̶
ݺԶŭȻмŻǴ󣬿ȴĽ
ݺɵһЦΣ˵Щҵȷл˧ֻ࣬սֻûжԴ
ɣѾǿΪƾƳǣˣ
طݺɣƺδ̫Ķŭ
̡
ݺɽҪԼڣһоȻҲǴһ˿ˮ
ôĸ飬ݺƺѾԼݡ
һ´¶ǲԼ˭ˣ
ɣ㺰һ̣ҲôꡣӴԺҶϣˮݣ
طŭһĿ֮ҲǴһ˿
ֻ̣ҪӦҹ˳գҶȻǣݺɵȻ֪Լ˵Ҳǰ˵
̫СҴ֮ˣطһЦþŭƽʿˣκ˵Ƴ֮
һŭ𣬵س
ƳĿѣһ̼ҪƻǴ֮˾һս
Զ֪޵Ϸ룡
ҪķʽѴ֮ƿǴһǴƣƾͲˣ
Ԫ˧ĩԸȳϷˣ
ҵҲԸǰԪ˧
Զߣһǿ߷׷վ˳Ȼ֪Լûܹط
ô
ǷǣҲԸϷ裡
ҫ˿ҲǻߣطʲôĻǵѪùˣ
ϣһξͰ˰Ϸ¹شm棬ԲϷ
ҫ֪ǿѣЩĿһԵλԼߣ
£ĳֻ¸˰ȫ֮ʱ춯£
Ǹ֮Щ˸֪һγȥǾ
ϣ㡭
ҫȻϲȨıһʶ֮ˣ֪طҪԡ
ȻڼҪ£Զ⣬ԭҪȴѹ£ġ
˷ʵʼδ
ϷһȻΪУĳǶݲѡȻ˵ȷ֮ˣʵ˾塣ϿԸĳһͬǰ
ڴʱ׻˳ŶҲЦеʵ




3791  ָ̰ʹ
 

֣㡭˵ʲô
ݺԶף˶ˡ
˵ʵ
֮ǰ׾ԼʱֻǸжΪ֪˼һġ
ڲһˣ
ǿȥǰˣѶȱ֮֮ǰҪٱԼܲ
һʦڣϧ¶ƳǶʮ֮õݺɣ˵ǵľġ
ҫ˿̿ףҲǾ㵵ʵ㡭ȷ𣿡
ĳ˵㻰ֻʵǿᣬܹĳһ֮Ȼòˣ
׵ĿһεĿǸϺ꣬˱浭ʵĻŵһ
ϵ˵ĳ˵һ飬ĳְǱµİȫĲĳְΧ֮ڣ
Զĸ״һȻƳλʿΪεĻȻ־ģ
ǰ̶Ȼƽʿȥģ˽̵Ʒԡ
ϿףȻ֮г˸м֮ɫȴҲͬô
ⲻǰװ
ڿ֮˾͵ƳλʿӵʱֱӲɱ֮
ϵ˵һΣ˧ʶ˲Ȼһ޵ϸƳǰôãù˶ˣǹ֪£˧֪õ
ϣ˧ȻдȴҲΪ֪飬ο״ټݺɣҲΪȷˡ
ҫϣɫҲЩѿ
˵ʵ
ҫⷽȷʶģ⵹ЩĿ࿴
ȻóȨһȷܿأǾǿԷֵء
һ㶼ֲĻһĲֵˡ
Цһ˧ʮԣкʸָֻţ
ĳкʸ񣿺ߣ֪
ϵĿһף֮͸һӵɱ⡣
ҫһϣѾͷô˳Ц𣿡
£ĳڹˣ˳Цһ˵ĳһǸ˶£˷ĳŶǰĳŹ˵
ϣ壬˾ָʹ
˾ڴǿǹְǼ£ľѹͶУ
Ȩ˵Ҳ˵СҲС
һսʱǱӵɱȨҿԲϱ
Զ⣬˵ʵҲȨȥɱ˵ġ
ָʹĵӻǺذ
ҫһĻɫѿ˼㣬һֱΪԼˡ
ȻҲЩ壬Ѿǰ嵱ǴԼˡ
ڿⲻһԸĶѡ
ݺϸݣ˧ٲָʹ˧һΪҲ׼ʱѹڣƳǵָȨ뽻ָʹС
˵꣬ó˴mƣǽӲӵġ족֣һֶĤݵĸо
μˣ
˿ƣ̹
ֻЦһ⣬ܡÿƾ˧ָȨδҲ̫Ϸ˰ɣ
ߣֵģָʹڻɵݣοҹƲǱѾˣţ
һʱðλ˾εǿߡ
ָʹ㲻˵ûд𣿡
ҫŭ壬ѹҲС
ǣҴ֮ˣʲôʱϽˣЦһ
ҫҲǵ׵ĸǰ⵹û뵽
ʹ㣬£
£ָʹõĿǹ˵ƣ
ƺҲЩȥˣҫ
ʵϣ
岢ɵӣһԶݺɳΪ޵ϸһ£ԿԶٲ
ҫ͸˵ˣطˣҲѴ̡
ʱͻȻʵϾҪ˻ޡ
ҫȻҲǸܵһ㣬ʱֻվһߡ
룬пȥӪط֮ˣǱס
ܴ˾ȵĳɹɹ˵ڵԼŬ
Ҹ״˵ƣûи״˵𣿡ҫóԼʹͣʵƵ൱
£ҪΪ鸺𣡣
ֹӣԸһӪƷˡɺã
ҫһһеȷҲ൱ĺݣʵͽƸ壡
岻ҵһڲǵóѣ
ԼҪƳǣʱ˾Ƕ·һ
ҫĻЩֵĲ֪˵ʲôˡ
£򲻿ɣ弱æ
ҪȥҪȥҫ˵
׿ģ̰֮ҲΪʲôָʹЦĳȥҲ
֮ʣѾǻһֱӳ˳ȥ




3792  Ʒ
 

ŭˣ
˾ˣǿȥʱû˸˵Щʲô
̫ˣ
ط֮У²κһ˿Գܵġ
ʵϣ׼ȻˣȻĿƳǱġ
ʲô˾ָʹЩˬѣ
ҫȻһʼȷˬɿŴǷǵķϣ׻øһƽˡ
̫ˣ
忴ף̣һĳȥҲЩƣ
˵Ǹͷࣿ
ĻҲνˡ
һ¾ҪƳ֮ˡ
ҫȥıӰԭЩôһ˿ľ塣
˵ղ˵ҪȥطϷ˵ʱʵҲ֪˧壬ǶȻ˸Լȥġ
Լ±֮˸ץˣǶĿɲƳǵˣҲ˾ǶľǴmˡ
һҫ£嶨Ȼﵱ
ҲΪʲôҫҪôһԭʵȥһ˿ϣ
ɾҫҲû뵽ǣһˣһ޵ˣ˼ҾȻԥľͳȥˡ
ǴԼأ
˧ǲܳȥΪҪͳ˧ҫо˵ǣΪ˾ָʹȻҲġ
Ҫ֪طŵƵ棬Ʒ˾ԼײģʵŵҲǴ档
ı裬ĿɾǴ
Ҳҿץط˶ʮݺɣȥһЩ衣
Ļһ˿¾Ͳģˡ
ָʹ˷֮󣬱˧л
ԶЩͲסˣΪӣûлȥԼĸס
һովԼӵˣȥԼĸס
˼ұݼҵĶˣ˰
ҫҲָʹǿɽˣȥ֮Ȼʵ״ˣ
£ݺѾͶУù˻˵Ļ˵Ļ
忴ҫҲǴһ˿в
ȻҫǴmĶ£ڴmҲʵȨɵ
ο岢νĶ¡
ԣҲνĺܡ
㡭㾹Ȼвҫ
ҡҡͷвָʹɲôֻһ·ڱĴǣĵĸַָʹһһеģ˷ɹ̧ĳȻҪԼıְ
㡭úúãõúܣ
ҫ̣ȻȨߵʵ޳֮ͽˡ
·ʱ׼ӦУ
˧˿Ҳһ£֮˶ţҲǷĻӶԼе˧졣
ĿԶһ֮ˣ˭֪ǲ޵ϸ˭ʱԮָʹȻǲú
壬ƥһ֮˶磡
ҫоһУ֪˾֮
Ȼ
һ仰ֱԭ·˲ͣˡ
ʵϣ
Щ˧µԶ⡣
ָʹҵ˳˳УǲǾͿ԰ֹˣ
ݺԶ壬Ҳ̡
֪Ȩ֮ʵûа취£ҲǷŭĺе
ߣսʱӣɱ⣡
ЦھҪǸ֮֮ء
ҫŭҪֹӣ˼ҿǰھˣһˣһˣ
Ըȥ˭ܹܵˣ
ͬĵĿŶѾǱ֮Χסף֮ҲĨһ˿Ȼ
壬˵һ!!
꣡
Զ˫ȭ߬ʮ֮ʱʱķһļµĴ졣
ҪȭͷǷˡ
˵һôˣ˭һͽأûݺɣڻЦ
ֱԲ˵˵Զһ㻹վסš
Ȼⲻ۵Ϊɳ˭ܹܵأ
˧
ϵϣˮѾմݵıӰҲһʹ
ȻǾԼ̣һЩֵá
Žǣս죬󣡣
ԶһҲǶˣȻûȷ񣬿һ̬ȡ
˿̣
һ˹⣬·һһǣ
ĳȴȻݺɺطоһĴ㵲ѣ˭Ҳû뵽ƳǸ˰쾹Ȼôһˡ




3793  ǰ
 

Ƴ⣡
ݺɺطͬʱףطһȻ˵Զ⣬ô˽ʿǵһֵĽʿ𣿡
ƷĪż˧Υ־ĳԸǰ
׿طҲǵ˵
طһСѣ㻹лȥɣġ
һˣƳǵ˶𣿡
ݺɵߣһλʵӵӻĴ˳
Ͼһ
ͳ֮һҲһľʵȨ֮һ
ʵϣ
ݺɾǵϾһƳǵһӣֻǾҲû뵽ݺɾȻ˵ı¡
ʵݺɵıϾʯ
ֻôԼ¶ѾԼ׽ʲôˡ
ϾʯʵϻϾһֶӡ
ͳ˧
ϾʯϾһĵҲ̹
ϾʯѾյҫһι˵֪ķṦΰѾΪŵһų
ϾһԼֶӣҲʮֵ⡣
ʮ꣡
ԼֶʵжΪϾڼϾһϾѾΪ޵ĳ֮һ
лͳ˧Ͼʯ˿Ĳ֪ʲôݡ
˵ʵûеϲãһεıҲǴһ˿鲻Ը
˭һ빲ʮ꣬ûһ˿һĸ飿
޵ìܸǰһССĲᣬѾǱϾʯ׵Ժ
лץط֮ôʱôôͳ˧Ѿʮֵŭֶʵ̫ºˣ
ϾһϾʯҲ͸һ˿ŭ
ϾʯЩŵͳ˧⡭طạ֮̇̄
˸£
ϾһֱȥӣϾʯ͸һơ
֪ɽ
ʱԼ߽ЩĻǿ½ԼҪеܶĺˣ
ǣͳ˧
ϾʯԼ壬ҲǵʹԼͷѾڳطķ򿴹ȥˡ
֪ͳ˧׼׼ôԸءط
ϾʯǺ֪ԼܻǱ˸ŭ
ʵЩƲסΪĲϣط̫ܵ˺
Զ⻹ǾͼŭˡǹŮ˵·
Ͼһƺ˵һϡƽһ㣬ֻط˵ǶϾʯ˵Ƕһ
壬˼
ϾʯֱӰ֮дһ˿
ͳ˧˵Ҫָҿǵطʱ̫ˣѾ㵽ʲô˰ɣ
Ͼһ֮дһ˿ɱ⣬û뵽ϾʯȻж֮
Ͼʯκһ¶ûɡ
κһ˿¶ܹԶŭ𣬶ĸǾͲһˡˣűͳ˧Ļȥˡ
ϾһԼĺ룬Ŀûз׵ϡ
һˣ˵θ̫Сˣ
һϾʯĿѾǲԶˣƳȻĲݣ
οһҲǴ˰Ʊģκһ˶ܵ衣
ֻϾʯ˵ҪһԣϾһ΢һᡣ
ھȻһϾһԼѾĥˡ
ޣֱ޲磡
ط֮дһ˿֮ɫڶòɱɱˣ
֪һԼ裡
ʱƳڿ϶㳲һǲ˵»
𣿹˭ôҪأϾһЦ˼
طݴһ˿ݺɣǻһľ飬ɱң
ҡ
ϾʯȻҲ뷨վһı۾
ˣϾʯѲҪ㵨ǰӦ֪Լ³ӻ֪˵³ģ
ϾһвϾʯ˫΢΢Ĳ
Ȼ˿̣
ԶѾǴһߵıԵˣݺɸҶֵĻôƴ˳ǲҪˣҲþȳԼĸף
һʱ䣡
Ƴͬ飬֮⣬һ϶Ǵһɾɱ⣡
ɱɱɱ
Ƴڣɱ죬Щ˿ط裬һҲ߬ԼϵıУ޲ܽǧС
֪ʱܣ
Ϸˣ¡ĳȻ㰲ȫĴƳǣ
׵һ˿ЦݣϾһ֮иҪ¶һ˿мĳ
һ룬Ѿǿˡ




3794  һ֮
 

Բѣ
Ͼһ˵һԲѣҪ˺͵ʱ򣡣
׵ѾǶˣ
ֻһǣŵƳ˵İ
Ķˣܶǰ֮һɾ
Ǻεȵǣܹһɱȥ˰
ǧ֮ȡ׼飬һ㶼Ǵ˵ѣܹмˣ
Ҫǣʵ̫ˣ
䲻Ҵ֮ˣǿɼΰ
Ҳֵˣ
ҵ˧ͬ⣬ǶȻҲ岻ݴǣ
ǱҴʿһҵȻţԺȻֹ
Ƴڣһɰ˵Ϣ˿
޷ĳطϷ˵ĸǰȥʱͷ֮Ϸ·дĸ֣Ҹ嵨
ֻǾһ֮̾ʱһĻ˶û뵽
ݣ
׻һ⣬Ϣ˲Ƴʧ
Ͼһԭ֮ԱǵĿ˲оЩ
ֻһ̣
ϾʯƺҲǸоһɰ

ȥҪקסһԵطʱѾˣ
ΪһǿӡѾǰץסط
գ֮䣡
Ͼһδֵ£طѾվ׵󣡣
죬󣬲Ҫһˣ
Ͼһ֮£Ҳŭһ
ԼƤӵ˱ˣԺ˵ȥһЦһͷβЦ
ϷˣŵҩȻĳ
׵жһöҩܿط̷˵ҩ֮𽥵Ŀʼָ
ݵĻָ֮һεĻصԼĸǰ
طףܵһɼΪǿ֪ǰȥʵԲ𾳺ڡ
ţΪӪԼȻȺǻŵĵزЩĲ̵ֹӣ㻹ǸϽ߰ɡٲ߾߲ˡ
סĳġ
ɨһȦΧϾһ˵ĲҲǳ֮һֱӳ˹ȥ
ǲδȫ׵ĽѾ
䣡
һУһȱѾǴ򿪣ԭǱߵ𾳺ڵǿߣֱӱɱ
ͳ˧ɱһ
ϾһоһĲҲֱӳ׵ķ˹ȥ
Ѿǽ׺طΧڳ֮£
ֻǴ˿̣
֮ѾǱɫһ̣׵жһ޷潣
ǿһҲǶ㣬Ǹֲ֮Ϣû˸ʱǰһ
ʽ!
ʽ
һ
׵һ˿ЦǿټصϢһƬΧڵ֮˿ûܹˣ
һ˵ôˣ
Ⱥ飬úƳһ˵ȿĿɿڴ
Ͼƣǲ֪һҪĳɱˣ
ɽ
֪ҪЩ޵ĴҲֻӲͷƤǰ
ֻǰϾһҲǸо˲ֱקϾʯһǹźֻʶȥ
˿̣
Ѿǳ˹֮ɫĽ˵Ľֱ͹𣡣
Ľ·һγһ֮
ĽӿԭվȺֱӸķѣ
һʬѻɽɢŨѪ֮ζ
Щ·ûֹһ㣬ڵ֮ϻΪһ޴Ľ
һ
һľ֮ڡ
ʹõһǷΪ֮
һ׵ʹãǾȺ֮൱ţĴˡ
һ󣡣
ԭķѵĽһΪ׳Ľ
һֱӳ޴ķϯȥ
ݣ
λ羳ڵǿߣһѾӲͷƤȥ
ǼԼƽǿѧڵֿһ
֮еһĨȻ֮ɫǼҪȶˣ
ĵ״޴ı̬
ᣬȻӵȱ̬Ĺ
һ̣
Ͼһ˺һķɬô㶵ĿǰһУһ㣡
羳ǿߣһεǿݣ
λ羳ǿߣȻס׵ĹǵѾǳ׵ıˡ
ǰǼһôһεĻҪˣ
֮ʣһ̶쳹Ƴǵ⣡
һУ
׾Ȼڵ޴ֱձˣ
δܳһʱ䣬֮˵жӰ˰ɣ
ҪɵҲЧΪҪǽ޵ĸֵ޾ڣ
һεǿƴҪ֮ʵ
ֻЩźǣǸղնɱһλ羳ǿߵĻЧҪĸӵ𺳡
˵ʵ
ղһľе
ʱ޵ĴɱĻҲֻеŰ׵ķˡ
ֻϧǣЩѾƵˡ
˿̣
Ƴ⣬һƬڣԶѾǴ˻Ǵܵ˳ӭˡ




3795  Ƴ
 

Ƴǻ׶
ʮʿһҲĿ׳Ƴǵķ
ǿߣ
ԭӦܵ˵أټ׾طƳǶĤݡ
ֲֹ̫֡˰ɣ
ϴ˿̿ףѾǾĺϲ£ˣһ뵽֮ǰڳһĻоԼҸطȥˡ
ôҲû뵽ǸԼΪϸ֮ˣȻ˵ǿߡ
⡭ôֲ
ݺԶҲǲסҡͷȻ֪ڡ
һԵҫǼ˵ˡ˱һҪյ£һҪյ°
ϣǸϽȥллǰûĻǽһ˰
ݺԶҲǸϽȥ˼
ֻվԱߵ˿ѾȻߣ
ʵϣ
ҲǱ׾ĸβ
ôҲû뵽ԼһξȻῴۣ͵ףļ֮һӾˡ
ʱȻصޣǻȥˣʱǱҫռȻ
ֵģνҲǴ޵ˡ
Ȼ֪ΪλڴޱҪȵ˭
ݣ
ʱȥ˱ţǵʱһˣǲʲô鶼û
ȥδ̫˵ע⡣
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ѾǱߣ˿̵ҲǺľԼΨʱǹָ
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ԶΪƳǵ˧ѾԼս˵ϣ

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װڰֵλɣ
ط˿Ҳ׼Ҫ׼״ϽطϷˣĪҪɷĳ
ǰһ̾ΪֹûǰȣҲͱǰ裬Ƴˣ
طף˵ҲǷԷθ
ЦһϷʵüĳһľˣ
ǰǲĻ絽һ𰡣Զ⿴ףҲѯʵ
װڰֵĳڴϢƬ֮󣬱׼ˡ
ôż𣿡
ԶҪúõĸлһףȻҲ֪ǰڵʵԼǵҵ˼Ҹһ¡
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ǰ빬죿
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Ȼˣ
˼𣬼ʶ˿ҲΪˡ
ЦһԺʹ֮䣬Ӧûкġ֮ǰڿǶԺһҲǷǳӣƺڻر𣿡
ǰԼǣڤУҵҲûа취ǰӦ֪ڤ֮ϵеĺܡ
ԶͻȻἰ֮£Ҳǵͷ
Ժڤ򺣷һ飬ǿԳ󲿷ֵıˣڤѾˣ
赭д˵ֻôһ˵Χ֮һε
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˵
ڤϢʵ޵ٲָ߲֪֮⣬ʵܶ˲֪ڤ֮ǰ顣
Ƴǵشڤװһܲɷ֡
һֱԺһʮֵӡ
ҲΪʲôսҵһҪԭʵϺһѾǺķ˱󲿷ֵս
ͻȻ֮ϢԶܲ
һԵݺԶҲǵһʵ֮׺ﵽܼĵزο˴ٿڼǰǺԶţʱôִܻıأ
Զǰ𣿡
ԶĿԼĶӣԼӵףҪ˼ң
ο˼ΣбҪ˵
˼ĲΪƳǺõĻƳǳƶпܵġ
ԶԼҲòܣԸ˵֮ԡ
޷·ͻȻּǻҲ֮е顣Цŵ
ǰ⡭һʵǲҵҵݺԶЩ˵
׹һֵ֮ģĳѣֻƷʵڤѾ峤Ϊˡ
ʲô⡭
Զ˿ףǵҲǱһɲŵģ
˿̣
һ˵ȶǾ㵵ĿףƺҪ֪һеô£




3796  ݺԶ
 

ڤ䣡
ڴ˵һըԵĺϢ
ֻϢ޵˼֪
ԶϢʱһȦ
ȻҲ֪ӦǲƭǣǾòš
Ϊʲô
ΪݺԶһŶ̫̫ˡ
ֻԶ֮ĶҪ̫ˣǲţҲ˵
˻棿
Զ⿴ףʵϵ˼Ҫ⵽ô£
Цŵǧȷһֱûˣ
ûûˣǿһλְ
ԶȻûĸ֣֮ǰڤ޽ĺ
ֹһΣһΣǾ׵ġ
ֻһΣҲΪ˸һ־޴ѹδĶԴ޶֡
ֵԭʵĵԭ࣬ǾǺһ
ȻļλҲǸǵģ
Цһ֮ǰĳǰˣȻ磬һֱڤ壡
̶̼䣬׾ͽ˵һ飡
˿̣
ʣµֻԶĿɿڴͼ顣
ƳһѵģҲЦһ
Զ⿴׵ǰȻ˵Ļ񲻾ķ𣿡
ʱڣӦòˣ
׵˵Ųûеġ
ղŵһĻɵӰڶʱûа취ָˡ
ο֮ǰǸҶԼЦô
ԶЦȷˣֻҪǲ֪ǰĵϸǶϲĸҶġǰȻƳѾ˧Ϊ˸ǰָ·
ȥôЦʵ
ǰβϤߴ·ǿɾͲˣ
ԶʵҲЩԼСžŵģǿͽᣬ̫ʱˣ
˱л˧ˣЦŵ
ԶԶ⿴һԵݺԶҲ̵
ݺԶĵͷ֮ǰѾӦǰˡ
ãԶһ֣ӣֻҪ׵ĹϵˣԺ벻ĺô
״ˣһȥ𣿡ݺԶԶ⣬ҲСʵ
˧Ҫûջ򣡡
ԶʵԭҪԼȥģ߲
ƳǴݣ˵Ҳûġ
ɸո޴֣˵˶ʱǲɱˡ
Ϊͳ˧ôֿܰԵʵأ
֪մɱҪԤһ
˼ɱǹĻʱƳǵĹҲû
Ǻðɡ
ݺԶƺЩʧҲǵ
ôǰ㻹ˣ㲻⣬Ǿͻ˺ˣ
Զ⿴ݺԶЩʧ䣬Ҳ
˧ĩûУ
ݺԶҡҡͷҲ֪Լ׵Ƣ
׿ݺԶЦŵ֣ʲôΪ֮ĻǾ˵ĳҲԸǿѡ
ǰﰡҡֻǡݺԶֹ
һԵʵЩȥ˧ɩӵĻ»ûأһμȻȥˣֱװɣ
鱾˧ǸŪˡ
ԶҲһԴʵ֮ǰûпЩ⡣
οһսδ
ȫû̸ʲôأ
ݺԶʵҲôģ˵Ҳ۱ˡ
Դ֮մ˵һһܵϢ
Ǳڤˣ
ζʲô
ζδܳһʱڣ޻ôĵˡ
ټǰĸֺǴܱ˲ɣ
Ҳǻ뷨ԼڿԻȥԼİŮˡ
ԶһݼȻҲǴ󻧣Ҳ֪ΪûʲôõóֵĻ
״ˣһˣӦûκε⡣
ݺԶòûκε£ֻѺ̫ܶˡ
Цŵһĳǰ򣬵Ҳܹմֵϲ˰
ԶЩε˵Ȯδǰпգһ
ģĳڣᱻأ
ҲǴŰƱֻҪ˼మڻ²
һĺѣҲĥӲ֮¸׺ݺԶ̤ǰ;
˵ҪҲʱ䣡
Ϊ֮󣬱Դmֵʱˡ




3797  
 


Ǵ޵֮أƳ֮ԶҲĿࡣ
޵ǰĴޡ
޵ȴʮֵĸ֮޶Ҫѷһ
ɼ£Ȼ޵ǿĴޱְ꣡
ǿҲô޵뺷硣
Ȼˣ
һӵƥеҰģһʵҲ֪ġ
ֻһֱ޻йأ֮仹δģĳͻ
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Ҳûļ޵ķŭ
׺ݼһ·ϵҲǲ²ҹִ̣֮
˿̵Ĵޣ䲻˵ǰӿȴҲ̫ƽ
֣סһޣǸΣ
ݺԶףҲѯʵ
ֵƣҲݺԶܳ
ݺԶ˵ܹһֵܣԼҫˡ
ЦŵȻӦ˧ΪȻҲԹ۾ˣ
֣ôǲ̫鷳˰
ݺԶǸо˼Ͼ˼ôԼȥʲô
һԵϵЦŵ磬ɩӿǵȢذǼǵֲǲ֪ʱָŪʲô۶أִ׳׳ҲǺõѽ
⡭Ҫǵ˵Ļ
ݺԶһԵϣʵѲɾͲ׸ô
Ȼˣ
ݺԶȻԼĸ׸ǰҪ֪ԼҪȥĵطʲôط
ôʶģЦʵ
Ҹ֮ǰǻְģʱƳǴݣҸܷ⡣ҸɩӦѧʶģǸʱ˻ֻǻ㺣һҸ翭飬ǳ׵ķɩӵķˡ
ϵǺܿĽһ飬Ҳ֪׼ȻˣȻĿĵġ
ЦһŮӢۣǺ°ֻǴӢۣ𣿡
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ϿףҲε̾һ
֣ʵҲ޷ż峤˵ʮ֮诶δޣҿȢ
ݺԶЦһԴҲǳš
Ȣ⻰˵ĵգҲ˵ȢȴһǷ㲻ްɣ
ֱżҸӦһ£ô۶أ
ĻӦֱ˵ľʹӦ˲
֣˼ǡ
ݺԶɫһ䣬һƺҲЩ
ȻݺԶƽʱʮֵĳȣԼĻ棬Եûʮֵľګ
һԵϵ磬ʲôأƳǲ֪жŮŶӵȥȢأżҪǲ޵ĻۻȢأ
ЦŵΣҲȿʲô˵ˡ
˵Ķԣ߲²⣬쿴ˣһ˳Ļνĵǲǰ׵𣿡
ݺԶĻȻҰο֮ӣʵ˵Ҳеġ
ϱ磬Ŀ󣬲˵ˣҪ˭ݼңǿɲ
żҵʲôͷ׿ʵ
üͷܴ󣬵˵ĵһˣǱż峤ã
ô˵ǻǻ׹ˣЦŵ
ϵżԭʵҲôɾ̫ˡҲ̫ݼҾˣϾݼΪرĸߵġ
ˣ֮֮һȻͻˣҲҪʲô̫ѹӦûµġ
Ҳǰο˵ʮþȵġ
¡
ϿһԼĸ磬Щֹ
ݺԶƵĿϵϣʲôֱ˵ˣ
磬ϢԴ̫ͺ˰֮ǰмЩ˵δõ֤ʵϵ
ʲô£ݺԶܵľЩ̫Ծ̽Եʵ
̾һ˵żƺ֮ӣ
󣿣
ݺԶ沿˾ҵĲ
֪˻٣һҸҪǲô£Ӧ֪żңԴӹ˵֮Ǿ׳Լһֱ·ߵġ
ϿݺԶҲǳ
ݺԶһģҲЩЦҡҡͷ

ײδ˵ɹ־Ӧ֪ͷСˡ
ͷѾݺԶĵزˡ
һҹߣ
ڶ磬һѾǳżҵķ˹ȥ




3798  żϲ£
 

ޣżң
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ڴ޹ȢżҵĳŮΪһˣԭֻǶżһӷɻڴ
ʵϣ
żҲã޹ͺżҵĳŮ˹ϵ
λҲʮֵɣ飬żҵĳŮΪһˡ
˵λҲһ֮ˡ
żЩ϶Ӯ֡
һżҵĵŮ诣ȴԶڱݼҴүݺԶˡ
һȥģҲǴĻȡ
ֻȴżҵһЩżȻҲ֪ݼڴΪʵĽš
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żҿνһ˼
Ϊ˵һ˵ͷһֱϣż֮ŮܹһʵȨɡ
Ҫǣżҵ뷨Ҳǳɹˡ
ż֮Ůϼ޳ȥʮֿ׵ĳ
ݼң
ͨ˵ǾǸ߲ʵĴڣɶż˵Ǿʮˡ
λͬǵ۽Ҳһ
ʱ
ż峤żҵĻʹӴһˣһݾʮֵ磡
Ǳŵһ˵壬ҲЦӭҵ
ϸû뵽һξȻ鷳һ˰
λһֱվ˵
վλǴΪǿһһ
һϸΪйڴ֧£
ҲѾݱΪ˴޵֮һ
Ȼˣ֮лһ֮ǰԼ˾
Ļ峤Ǹæ˰ĳҪ峤һ浹Ҳǲ׵顣
һ壬ҲǹһЦ
Цһϸɲôڿ˵İȻˣһ诶īĻ£ϸԶᰡ
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һ壬ǻ๧ά
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峤һЦ
һЦһ˵峤ԼǣĳҲôΪġ诶ʮŮ֮һؼҸˡ
ϸĪҪɷ诶Ѿͷ׽ϸȻˣǲǾͽ鶨Σ
忴һҲڵ
һŮڣȷЩ̫׵ϺĶԻȥżҳһ㣿
һЦһĳ˷ǰΪľǴ¡ī
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վһߵǸ꣬ҲüĿ㣬˧ǳ
ֻ˧֮Уȱһ˿ζ
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úúãīҪĿ˰һЦ
šүү诶֮ģһᱶϧġ
īǱظ˵һʵһӵܡ
ֻûа취ǣ̫ˣ
һѾĽˣڻһݡ
ΪīһϲһѾǴīѾΪδȥˡ
Ȼˣ
һжΪī츳ȷǸ߳Ѱ֮˲֪ٱ
īȻ竣Ҳһꡣ
ϸ֪ΪҪڽ찡һЦ
໹Ĳ֪Ѳ峤ʲôⲻɣ
һЩһͷˮĿ壬Ҳ֪ϼһ«ʲôҩ
Ṭ˺͹˻Ҫأ
³˼֣ɾ⼸ַ·ƽ֮һס
ϢֱһҲһ
⡭⹬˺͹Ҫ峤⡭ҵ⧲
һЩ㵵Ŀ壬һνĶʽʵ̫¡˰
Сܹõ˺͹˵ףҲʧΪһμѻ˵
ʵҲǷϱӾ˵ԼŮҲ֪ǲʲôϲ£
ȻȻӦ飬Ҳܳ
ڿȥ˵ɣ֮бжˡ
ֻǴ˿̣
һ˿ľ֮ɫе۾֪Ѿǿ޹ˡ
ΪżҵĵŮ֪ԼΥԼүү־ġ
Ȼʮ֮ڹˣȴδݺԶӰ
ʱԼүүһ̸֮һĸо
峤ˣ
һƷԻ֮ʣһ˵ĸǰ




3799  Ƶ
 

żһ
üͷ΢壬ŵʵ˭
ԳƳٳݺԶ
˿壬ҲЩ
˵ʵ
Ϊżҵˣô᲻֪еİأ
ֻżңݺԶѾǳΪһʮֽɵˡ
һһ⣬˿ݺԶҪǸͷҲŵøϽˡ
Ҳ֪ԼĲʱ򣬵һṬҪȻҲûκεİ취
ߣ
֣Щһ
һԵֵʱԭҰѾЩ
ûһᣬһδͷɥǱߡ
ΪڵΣݺԶˣأ
ͽһα˵ѣ
š
˵ҪݺԶĻһԵīѾǻվ˳
īֲǸɵӣ诺ݺԶ֪ʵ
ֻ˱ԧҲк֪ܶġ
ǳŮټǿı
īȻǲںŮ˵ĵڲԼߣҪ
Щô֣ԼϲߣЩҲݲñȾָ
ǣ߱Ҳڱ˵ġ
Ե
ܶʱѪҺġ
īʲô
һʵҲʱǣȻҲ֪顣
첻˼һݼҵλٳ
ɱս¿ݼǱǿ֮һҲʮֵŽᡣ
ʱݼҵˣʲô֮١
ī˵ٳӢޱȣĳҲʮֵĳٳѾãٳпգ벻żˣ
īڲֵĶʱ򣡡
һīҲǵǳΪŭ˹ˣǵòʧˡ
īЦһүүʵЩ黹˵˺ãʱڴҵжһᣬ𣿡
īʲô˼ɫҲЩ̫ÿ
īݸһЦүүӦ֪Сī˵ʲôɣλݺԶٳδһˣ˼ҼȻףǲţ˻Ϊǲأ
⡭ϸ
ʵѾī˼֪īҪݺԶѿˡ
ʵ˵īô
ҲݺԶԼٸ֮䵽жôĲࡣ
˵ˣ
Ŀ԰򿪵ĻԺܹٳ߸ͷһ
˵ȥɣǹˣŮӺϵ飬عӦҲǿġ
һ֪ǹˣҲѡϢ˶ѡ
ѾǿԼʮֵĲˬȻԼˬˣȻҲǸԼˬ˺ˬġ
ԣһīĻ֮ʵҲûʲôˡ
ϸӦ֪⼸챱Ǳƺ̫ƽʱ򡭡
ߣȻ̫ƽʱƳǵٳܻŮ˾Ӧ𣿼ֱЦ
ī壬Ҳ¶һ˿Цݡ
ȻˣЦԤҪݺԶġ
Сī˵ûս£Ȳ˼ұȴŶŮ鳤֮ˣʵ˲ݰ
īһһͣڳĻӳȥ
ѾҲ߯Ҫˣ
˼ǰʿԡѪսѾȥæҲˣȻ˵ɥĲĻ֮еⰡ
ԼүүĻ֮еһĨʧ֮ɫѾԱˡ
ڵżң˱һ֮⣬ʲô
йûУ
ûУ
ʵûУ
ǿʲô޷Ǿνĺᡣ
ˣ˼ǿڷˮʱã˥ˣµʱһͱӵľԾˡ
ݼȴһݼһңǿ顣
Լүү̸⣬Լүүȴô롣
õһǾԲ̨ܵģټôϵֻĿԼȥɣ
˵̣һСѾͷ
ī˿̿诣Цһ诶ѵһݺԶ𣿡
㡭޳ܣŭһ
úãţǼһҽٸҪһһǿ
īƺҲܵ˴̼һŭ
˿̣
׵˻Ϊż峤أԭ׼ȥһ̣ȴǽȥ
ݺԶ׺ԼûĽżҵĻ֮С




3800  裿
 

ޣżܲ
ɫʮֵѿݺԶ֮ͣǳĲˬ
ݼһΪԼڱ֮󣬾ܹȾָŮ
ݼҲһѣЩȣһϡ
ҲΪʲôʮŭԼŮݺԶһԭ
ֻһΪԲ֮ˣݼʲôҲǡ
ݼ޵ʮ֮ߣҲܹ˵ϲ
ݺԶ֮֮ʵѾǽԼŮ޸˵·׵ķˡ
ݺԶϻһλվߵʱֻ֮ԱǵЦЦ
ΪҪ֣Ȼ˻ƽ鷳
ƳݼݺԶݼ峤ݼϸ
ݺԶȻʶһڴҲǶ⼶ˡ
ˣݼҵϵʶĻǾǲ֪ôˡ
һֻǵĻӦһԭƳǵٳ
һԵ弸Ǹûһ
ݺԶϵñ٣
īֱӽӹ磬ݺԶʵ
һԵʹĸݺԶʹɫݺԶֻǳһЦȻٸȻϵá
ϵþͺãٳҲףرٸ诶Ķʽģ
īĿΪƣֱ
ʽ
ݺԶȻ֪ƺЩ̫һīĻ֮Ҳ¶һ˿׹⡣
ڱ߹صݺԶʹһɱ֮
񣬼īҲЩӣȻīܿԼӵʵ
Ϊղһ˿ĵӣݺԶӵĻˡ
ٳԶڱ߹أȻϢٳܹݹ٣Ҳĳо԰
īȻпĳɷ棿
һֳƣ
ݺԶ˿̶峤Ϊʧң
ʧ㣿ֱЦʲôʱŵʲô
ݺԶĻҲ¶һ˿Ĳм
һԵ̵żǸЦĺܣ֮ǰҸ诶һʱ˵ʮ֮诶͸޸Ҹˣֲˣ
˵𣿡
˿̵ӣЩƤо֮ͽ
ݺԶ峤ôԶŵĻĳҲ޻˵
үү֮ǰȷ˵Ļ
Щ̲סˣҲվΡΡ˵
Ȼ֪ԼܸıʲôԼİ˵ʱʧȥһ㡣
峤㲻Ҳó˰ɣ
Ͽ壬ʵŵһλ֮ˡ
ݺݵĵһ诣һԵīҲһ˿Ц
оԼܵһ㣡
һ˵峤һŮ̶ô򵥵ĵӦöİɣ鱾Ҫôˣ
Цŵϸ걾ȷ˵Ļɵʱ˵ǣʮ֮诶δˣôԹס
ףϸҲһһ͵ʵ
嵭˵ҪȻϸΪأŮûӦųͲǱôܴӦأ
񣿣Ǻǣݼóʲôö
īݺԶҲΪƵ˵
㡭
ݺԶЩ˵òʲôĶ
īЦһ֮ǰ诶йһβ岻飬Ȼˣ˶Σ
ô˶ϣ
ݺԶ֪īлһ˿϶īĵ
ڵݺԶǾһ˿ĻᣬҲܷġ
Ȼ֪һϣããˡ
ĳ֣ݺԶ˵һ޴Ĵ
ʵ۲۵λ
һ֪ԼȲǰī֮ˡ
ģʶʵ
һԵŭ˵磬߰ɣ
ôˣһԼŮ˶ˣʲôˣīϵĻһεĴ̼
˭˭Ҳǳ׵ŭˡ
ãݺԶȻղ峤˵˲飬ǽ첻ԲӮˡˣ说ӴԺ󲻻Ⱦָ
īƺȲʤȯ˵Ҳʮֵʢˡ
ʡ񡭡
ݺԶɫͨ죬ڴӦҲǣӦҲǣ
һԵŭȵ˭˲֪ݼҽеĲȫ׸Ƴλʿ⡭ⲻƽ
ǣǼȻûǮȢʲôţѲ诶ȥܿ಻ɣī˵
֣ȾͱȺˣĳߵЩ
׵뵽˵ĶУԭмʱ֮˵Ŀ⡣




3801  ﳡ
 

żܲ
ʱżַǷܶżҵ˶ԶԶĶǻ֮У
ֵ̬ʵЩ赲סܶ˶ݺԶ诵鶼֪ġ
ҲΪ֪ǵİ֮ĸȼա
ֻ˭û뵽ݺԶȻٸֱӵĳͻ
ͻ⣬Ȼǲ񣡣
ݺԶǲ֪ߵغ񰡣ǼСҲˣھȻ°
ǰǵԣٸûκοɱ԰
ҪǣھȻҪȲ񣿼ֱǲ֪˶ôд
ҿǱ˰ɣҲãżҸǶϲ飿ݼңһļѣ
Զ
żҵЩľۼһҲǶڵ鷢ԼĹ۵㡣
ǻҲûбΣڷһʵ˶֪ġ
Ȼˣ
һʵīΪ֮Ҫ鴫ޣ
īŮˣǲʲôأ
ߣ֪νһҲô𣿡
īףҲǷһ˿мЦݡ
ݺԶŭһ˭ǸģҴ磡
Ӵǣʲôʱˣīһֵ
׵˵Զֵܣʲô𣿡
ǣҹʲôֵֵܲܵģһǾ͵Ҹطȥɣ
īɵģ󸻼£ܹǱȲҲûжˡ
ȻҲİԼļҵóƴ
ɶī˵һݼ֮˼ֱ練ơ
׵˵ƤӿԴ˵Ļ㵹Ӯˡ
ͣ
׵ĻҲһЦ˳˿ʵҲЩǡ
Ȼĺʵкܶʱ򶼲ǳȵġ
ЩһֱΪĿĵġ
ƵĹҲһģ
׻֪Ĳ޾ǿŽǰʮĴڡ
˿̣
īϵЦҲһϽʼɣٸøˣƤӡ
һһµȻǱŮбǱˡ
Ӯô㣿׵ʵ
˭ļֵߣȻ˭ӮˣЦһ
ӮֵΣһͱ˵ʵ˿ƺѾǸݺԶûжĹϵˡ
ԥһ£ƺһӲ֪˵ʲôˣ
һγ˵ʱˣ˵ĻԾûˡ
˭˭ˣ˭ĲĶ࣬Ů͸˭ףϸΣ
ʵ˵Ļиʲôһ
ʵīģҲ˳¶ѡ
廹һ⣬ʱҪǳʲô۶ӣҲżڵһʱƲϵǣ
һν˵峤Ůôǣ
һҲǸϺ꣬һεİ˻ȥ
ֻϺǱߴŸԵ̣īȴǸʲô̫гǸˡ
峤īģӮ˾ǣ
ãٸȻûñʧŮ޸㣬ҲͷˡҲʱĸīһССƨ
īƺЩԵ˵⼸ٸóƷʯֱӶܹιȥɣ
ô˵˭Ӯˣ课͸˭ߣ˼𣿡
µˮ©Ҳżһʱ̣ν˵
˼˼
׸˵֮ʣżҵΧΧǽ֮һ˾ķΣЦţ
ǧ
ԭ׼ʱ򿴵˵֮ѾתŭΪϲˣ
԰
˾ǧԵʵȨ
һӺ˵ݣǾԼ˾ָʹĶӣ
԰ӵ˵һҪżܲ
԰ҲǰˣԼϵɸԼʵǲϵڹ˵ĸǰ¶
԰żһʱˣҲۿһϷ
Ȥ˵ī㻹ǿ˼ұȰϲ
԰īҲЦĸīǰӵһ£
԰Сӱױٰ⼸ˣʵҶ᲻ʲôȤīЦһ
԰üŪ۵ҪȻǧΣ
ǧܹУȻòˡһߣһεЦ
԰īĹϵǳڼʮþˣ
ݺԶҲʶĻԺ˾ϵĻԼùӳˣ
ʵݺԶǰ֣԰ѹҲ㲻ϡ
Ӷִˣοأ
׵˵˭νǲƽĻǵʱĳˣ
ǣôĿʼɣ
԰ɫһ䣬û뵽ǰ֮˾ȻԼҪš
һʱ䣡
˶Ѿʼȴһıƴˡ




3802  
 

峤Ȼһ㣬ȴҲԸóƷʯһѼƷɽΪӮȡ诶Ĳ񣡡
ī˿ЩȲ˵ԼĲ񣡣
ڵƷʯȻ̫࣡
ɵһƷʯȻĶˡ
ҪʵڵƷʯһƷɽ
Ҫ֪
ȼӣƷʮֳƷѾǺܲĶˡ
ƷǼϡΪˣ
׵ƽʱߵı߶Ǻöһ£ôˣ⼫Ʒж٣
˵Ʒǿ߸ǰǲĶˡ
ǵ𾳺ڣҲܹһļƷ
ƷǱмеĴڣ
Ȼˣ
һЩ˵ƷûôֵǮˡ
νļƷҲֻͨϵļƷ
ļƷҲǷֺüȼģ˵ƷƷƷǼƷ
ƷеļƷǼ۸񼸺˲ġ
һǿеļƷʵϾǼƷ֮ΪƷѡ
ɼƷҲһܹӵеġ
żôȷǴƷⶫ˭Ӷأ
͸ʯһⶫǶư
Ʒô
۾гһ죬Ʒʯ˵ʵû̫С
ӮȡԼŮܹóƷʯȥˣ
óƷ¾ˡ
Ҳ˵󿪳ļ۸ûܹܵˣ󼸺Ѿȷˡ
óһƷǵȷ˶ˡ
ǽóƷʯҲԳɹ
ݼҪóƷʯ治һ򵥵顣
峤Ȼ࣬ȴҲĳ⡣Ȼˣֻһıۣ˱Ƕ࣬ȻҲǵʲõļˣ
īЦһϵǿġ
˿̣
岻ǲϣݺԶۣ̫ϣݺԶܹˡ
õʱһǶġ
⺰һĻʱָԼŪƷҲʲôⰡ
԰Ǵһ˿ЦݵǣղŲͦֵˣ
֣֡۸ʵ̫ˡ
ݺԶѾЩͷƤˣ˵ֱˡ
Ҫ֪ݼҪóڵƷʯǼ˵Ҫҹˡ
ɼƷݼҲֻһһ׵С
һƷǵ깬Ϊ˱ݼڱĹѫصشǵġ
һ˵ݼܹóȫңҲѹݺԶⷬˡ
׵˵ƷʯѣСĿȻǱˣҲⱨһˡ
ǣǷôĿ
ī׵ĻҲЩŭѣû뵽һﾹȻ˵ĿԼıۡ
Ѳı۱Լ߲ɣ
һԵ԰ݸһЦ㻹װˣҪòǱǧɲ飬û˸԰ĸǰЦأ
̫֮࣬Ҳһ
׿԰Ҳǲµһˡ
Ϊһ֮ǰԼƳǿǸʲô壬߷ֵơ
˵һﲻĶӣЩò̫ѧˡ
úúãǵһҸǧô˵ˡ
԰Ȼŭ֪ڸǶֵʱ
ʱʱԼֵĻ˿ࣿ
ⲻϣ飬Լ˵ûн֮ǰԲֵܶġ
죬ҪְǱг̲ܵκε谭
˵ˣʵЩǳ
Ϊ֪˵ʵ֮ǿɲܹ˵ġ
֣ҪȻֱӷɣ
ô԰īһԵݺԶ΢΢һЦ
֣⡭
ݺԶ֪׵ĵϸʵ׾˵Ҳǲܹܡ
Ͼ˼ӵױȵʵûв֧ŶȻǲܵġ
ӼҲûӷİ
׵ĻݺԶܵЩզࡣ
ĪҪЦٸĴôб˵
ī׵ĻҲǲϵĴ̼ס
Ϊûıۣһж
ҪǱˣʱòǾˡ
׵Ŀһ峤Ȼôżĳֱ۰ɣƷʯƷɽ
״˻һ
֮ǰЩ׼һҪۣ۵ʱҲЩֱһĲ
ƷʯͲ̸ˣƷɽǿţ˰




3803  ʧ䵽
 

żܲ
оԼԴЩѣΣݺԶͲ̸ˣǸ
ˣоЩ
һǰ˵̸¸涼ʮֵš
Щ㲻ǣ˾ǧ԰ɷǣȻҲƣ
ƷʯƷȷˣ
԰ףҲЩҧгݵʵ˵ʵԼҲû뵽һôŰ衣
׿԰ģ˷۵㲻ǸУ˱žͺˣ
òأ԰׵ĻŪЩĵʵ
̾һһ׻˵ĺã̳ܲģĳô˾ںʲˣ
㡭
԰ŭɶѾһߵıԵˡ
Ͻס԰ǧ侲侲óգòǵʱĿɾˣ
׿һīˣ
ٸǣھó
īҲЩƣǣԼļ۸̧̫ߣʱֱӷ
ĻֱӽżҵĿڴ
ֲһֱǳֹ԰ڿƥҲ֪Լ׬ˣ
ʱ
课ô㶵Ŀ׺ݺԶҲȼһ˿ϣ
ȻҲЩ̫ܣϾҸôĵΪݺԶô
ֻҪɵӣӦòܵģ
˵Ǹ֮˻ʲôɸ˵Ҳ˵أ
ֻǺܶʱھʱϣʱܻһ˿Ļ롣
׸Ļ룬Ѿһˡ
ΪĲ޸ī֪ܲīΪˣ
ھǼһƷۼʱһڻƷ
ĳһ̣
Լ޷޸Щϻܵûκε
׸ī֮ԣ说δôһϣܹӮ
ǺЦĺܣˣĳȻóڱ۶δóʲôأòǿ˳ˣ
׵ĻԭɶīҪ˵ģڱ˵֮īһ裡
ʢģȻġ
һ˵λСѣЩʱ˵Ҫ۵ġ
ǣСĲϵôĳǾ仰۸ʤ
׿һ˿ûκεľɫ
ⷴһЩˣΪ֪׵
Ϊ֪׵׸Щɵˡ
Ȼ
˾Բ֮ˣ֮˸ôŵģһ˰Ҳûó
ƷʯƷ
īҧҧʵ۸ѾǳԤˣҳĲһǰ㡣
ԭΪƷʯһƷɽ˶˶Ѽˡ
أ
ⶪ˵˷·Լѣ
ƷȻв٣Ҳôǣ
ƷͳȥҲʹѵġ
Ͼôĸ֣ܶ˶Ǳ⼫Ʒȥġ
Ǿô׵ˣĿ¾ɢˣ
òƷĲó
ģܺùһʵڰɣ
̵ƺʹ˰ҲǸӶѣ΢΢һ̾
һ˵ˣ

׵һεĺ˳һΣֱӰһīŪĲһģ
ķ
Ѿô÷
Ҫ֪ڿƷʯټƷ
ķоԼЩѪš
΢΢ҡͷֻһҡͷֱһһһԵīȴNɪ
װװ
ī·һڶгˣҲǶݺݵ˵
һԵʮֵʧΪǰһﻹǸʲôء
ҲЩˣ۸ѾǷǳĲˡ
㵽ʲô˼
԰˿ҲЩ͵Ҫһεȷ׵Ļ
ղŵķʵҲһΪڷĻǾʮƷʯıƷɽ˰
ʮƷʯһյҲǺѣ
ļƷǺ˰
ҪһóļƷĻҲʹɣ
̾һƷʯӲʵҲûж˼ˣĳ˼ǼƷ
˻һ
żܲѾǷˣ
׵Ļ֮Ǹоʵ̫ˡ




3804  òõĳ
 

ȥ⵽ʲô˰ҿһڴţɣ
ǴţʲôļƷʲôʵõĳ
Ҳһ㿴ͦŵأ
ŸƨҿƣQ˼ʱˣ
żܲڣ
˿׸գ۵ľ˵˼ƷҲһ֮Աǣ
Ҫ֪⼫Ʒǿɲʲôײˣ˵óܹõóģ
˵ģڵݺԶ϶ѾЩˡ
ȻǼʶ׵ʵѹҲûмʶ
˿̣
ѾЦ˻Ѿû֮ǰôķˡ
룬һܹóļƷ֮ˣʲôˣ
Цһϸߡ
̰ᣡ
һҲŭɶ˵ģļƷǾԲóġ
УΪȢһżҵĵŮóļƷһһܹµ£οأ
ټϣżΪʲô
˵ףʵǿʵ
ΪʲôҪżʵҲǿĳŮһ˵ϡ
ʵϣ
򣬿ż֮˴ڣ
үү
īɫǺ죬һҲ֪Ӧôˡ
ǰ⼸ˣ¶ܻĸо
һһЦȻʵȴҲ뵱ԩͷ
òòʲôԩͷԩͷģ׵˵
һЦ˼Ǻ̧۸񣬵ʱǳֱӷ˭֪ǵʲôϵ
һԽԽɣѾǲżһУ
˵ĻĿˣ
Ͻϸⷹҳԣ˵
ͻȻQһСӣóôĶűҪô峤Ů޸ӣҪô˾żҵУ
һĻɲ޵ȷʮֵĹ졣
ɫһʲôУҪôô
ǣλظǺЦĺܣǳ۾ֱˡۣĳҲȷĸ㣬ʱ˭ǲһɰԭƷʯһƷļ۸żңΣ
׿һҲǰʮ˵
һѾǿˣֻȷǱīҪ̫̫ˡ
һԵ԰ߣòǾͲԭ۲ԭ۵ˡ
ֻ԰ƽʱʱǰӵ֣ɽѾǱ˺öˡ
˼ĳţ
ѹҲûд԰ֻǵĿһ
һı۾ȻֹܹóЩĻǱ޻˵
ô˵⾺۵˽ˣ
һεĿһʵ
һޱĵͷˣõóղ˵ģ˳ˣ
үү
īϳԹ֮ɫһҲǽĺ
ȥ
һԼӣҲ΢΢һ̾
ΪӾ͸˼ҳǿʤ⵽ʱҲðǲƤ
ǰȲһЩ棬еǵǣ԰Ȼ˿λָʹΨһӷС
򣬳֮⣬˭ôŰ裿
ʵҲҵ԰㡣
˵һһ᲻ǼƷһ棬ҲΪ课͸һδ֪˹ȥ
ݺԶ̬ȣ˼ҵĵλٲݼҪɣ
ȻһǲʶǰһѾ˳һεľ
ʱǵһɧȴʲôҲûеõ
׵˵ϸȻ˳ˣǽ͵˽ˡ֣ϲˣ
ţ
԰ʱһεվ˳Цһ
ǣż֮£ʲôʱֵһָֻˣ׵ͷ΢΢бƺۿ԰
԰ɫղűǧ˵ˣǧǲУ
ĳֻ֪峤ǲУ֮һŲϣ׵˵
ô˵Ҫˣ
԰еĵѾǽԼУƺʱҪ׵
׵һЦ峤ǻ׹ݣɴڴ˷ô
ʮֵΪѣڻĲܵˣ
ļƷ
ѾܹһӵõļƷ
ֹӣȻ˵ĻֱӽóھͰ诶ٳ飬Σ
˾һеĲԣⷬ˵ҲӶˡ
޴棬ѾЩˡ
ǣ峤ǲУȻ峤˵ˣĳóĳЩĺˣ
˵꣬һӣ
ıâҫ۵ķɽѾǺب˵ĸǰǶǵ⣬һҲǳ׵ɵˡ
ƷʯƺҲûȥˡ




3805  Ȱ
 

ҵ찡һóļƷ
⡭˵˭ôţ棿
ԭΪһī˵Ϸ룬û뵽ٸ챻˸˰
Ƕ˰
żǲһӾͱԼĽɫƺȥǽͷһ㣡
żҵ˵˭Ķ࣬˭Ǵү
żʵЩ˵ǲҲǵλô
ο
ڵݺԶϿɾҪΪżҵĹүˡ
ԼҪԼ˵Ĳ
һߣ
һ϶ǳ֮ɫֻǲͬһǣŵǲԵ
ֹӱȻûп㰡
Ц绨˿Ҳǿļˣ
һԵһɫѿû뵽ǽȻǺ±仵£ôˣ
ֻҲֹѣ˵˭
Ϊʲô̸Цܹ֮óıƷɽǿǼƷɽ
峤ʱŵ˰ɣ
Ҳøһϻֱ
û⣬û⣡诶
˿̿诣ǿļƷһ㡣
û뵽ǣԼŮȻΪżҴ˾޴档
δЩȷ˵ļƷʮֵбϵġ
说˿Ҳǻһ㣬ʵӿʼһֱġ
ڿóļƷ֮ԭŵһĳ׵ķ
ͨ
ֱӹ׵ĸǰлֹӣ
׵Ҳûֹ诣Цŵ˭ֵأɣϲ¡
֣ԺݺԶ㵱ţǣ
ݺԶ˿ҲǼĺܣѾ֪˵ʲôˡ
˵ҪļƷĻǾǳеĳ
˵ļƷһҲǻ𰡡
ˣ͵ΪֹɣС뿪뿪ȥƳǰɣ
Ҳ΢΢һЦݺԶˣҲҪȥˡ
ţ
ֻǾʱ
԰ѾǴһ˳Ǹīཻһ˵Ҳ͸һļµĹâ
ǧǸʲô
忴԰һεվҲЩã
԰Ŀһ峤ͲҪˣ
ʲô˼
ɫЩѿ˵ղһĻôǳ׵Щˡ
ϣ
ôһˣȻˣݺԶѾŮˡ
ȻѡˣȻҲ᲻ܲˡ
ʲô˼ǧôô˾ڼõҪ
԰壬Ҳѿһ˿Ц⡣
ֻһĨЦ˿Ÿоɭޱȣ
԰Ī۾˵Ϲɣֹٳѣô˾Ϲϵˣ
忴԰Ҳŭ
һԵīٸҲЩǧⲻܶԴҪȴȥʵİɣ
ٸ˵۴˵ǲǣ˾˵Ҳ٣
԰Ѿ׵ĸǰû˭ǿóġ
Щŭ԰Ļ
峤żǰռmһ峤Ѿ˰ɣ
԰Լӵ۾ģҲǲ˵
⡭⡭
һЩʵļΪΣû֪
԰ö֮ĽҲԹ˵ġ
ˣǧ֪峤ֻǽһ£ӦúܿͻỹˣԱǧҲûϱ峤
԰ĻȻû˵꣬ĻѾ˸оһĺ󱳷ˣ
㡭ô
忴԰˵ѾûеôǿӲˡ
԰ٺһЦǧ˵ˣǼһ˾ҪõҪǧ˿Ƶϵ峤Ӧöǧ˼˰ɣ
ǧṬ˿Ҫ顭
֮ҲƲѣо˾Щˡ
԰˵˻m֮УӦûһʱҵʱŻᵽߣøҪʱ϶ǹˣ
īһ¶һ˿Ц峤ǧҪץҲıŮνֵܶѣ
ݺԶĿ԰ǧƾ޾ݵľҪץˣǸ浽ǱߣҶȻҲҪ㡭
һȥ
԰ѾʧȥģݺԶŭһ
ݺԶĿһ԰Ŀ֮ƺû̫ĳޣķ·ͬ顣
԰Ϊһ񣡣
һ¶һ˿Ѻ˾Σȱǧȥ󡭡
ĳȰˣ
诵ЩǵĿ׵ʱ׵һϯΧ˶סˣ




3806  ǧ
 

Ȱˣ
һ԰һ㶣
ͬʱ԰ѾǹЦǧ϶ԣͲˣ
ԣ
׿԰ֵ̫
ϾǴ޵mڵأømλ̸ء
ֵǷĻʱϾҲ̫
԰ʵ̫ϵˣ
԰˵ǧ£ֲָָ㣬ץˣ
԰֮ʣ
һ׹һţ
һ룬԰·ܵʲôشһ㣬ֱӳŶǽ˹ȥ
˻δô£԰ƺѾһϢˣ
ǧ
忴԰ԼļſˣҲͫһŭ
赭д˵̧ȥɣ
ֹӣ֪ǧ˭Ķӣ忴ףҲƵ˵
ݸһЦ˭Ķӣ
ǿ˾һѽָʹĶӣΨһĶӰ
Ͻ˵˾ǿɲһܹǵİ
ǸͷڹĶӣ丸ӰЦһ
ڴ˿̣
ī׶ֽҪնɱ԰Ҳŵһ顣
Ҫ֪ʵ԰࣬ǰ֮˵ĳǿÿֲˡ
һԵһףԹҲ˵ġ
֣
Ǹְ
һǿİ羳ǿߣɸղȻû̫׵ĳ֡
˵ʲô
˵˼ҾǸеĸְ
ˣˡ
īףȻЦֻЩ׳һĿī
Ѿ֪ʲôԼˣ
˵оЩˣΪʲôúõһӣ
һ뵽ԼԼڵĿӣ̲סҪˡ
˼һԼġ
һĻʱ治֪ᷢʲôġ
׿īҲô
㡭ݵòүү⣬㻹ܰô
īŵҲæԼүүһĺ档
ʱһü׵µ׺ˣҴΪ£δ㣬ĿҲҴ֮˰ɣ
ĳʲôʱ˵ԼǴ޵ˣ׵Цŵ
Ҵ޶֣ǽ˾ָʹĶӴˣڻߵ𣿡
һЦһȻ֪ǰ֮˵ݡ
ˣǵʱ岻֪᲻Ὣﵽϡ
һ֮ˣҲ˾ڰ
ǹһִʵҲǹ˵ұۡ
ù˲ˣҲûдڵıҪˡ
ǣǺЦĺܣҪĳ֮Ҳڳ˵ȴҲǣôղظΪβȫʵֹġ
׿һҲ֮ԱǵЦ
㡭
һ˵Щƿԣʵϸղȷֻ뿴Ϸġ
û뵽˵־Ͷ֣һЩ޴ĸо
Ҫҵˣ԰ҪʲôλĺܡظҲģĳҲܵġ
׿һ˵Ҳǰʮ㡣
һΪԼʵܹ֮ҫ𣿲¸㣬Ҳ߲ˡҴʱĩա
ǣ˭ĩջ֪أЦһ
īһԼүү˵˵ᣬҲֵģ㲻ݣ߳Ժұգ
ֲӣĳܲ𣡣
׿īҲǲм˵
ǧ
ڴʱһϮ
˾֮ѾǽżܲΧס
мˣȥЩü֮İȴ˲ò̾
ˣ
˾ָʹҲǽĵڶʵȨ
ΪҲǴ˸˹
ֻյߵʱ򣬾ͷԼϴĶѾ˵ϣ
һٺһЦϷƺҪˣ
峤ǧôˣ
˵֮дһɱ֮
һҲ֪ôˣīæվָʹġ
ܿ죡
īͼӴ׵Ľ˵һ飬׵Ĵ˵
һ˵ʲô˾õҪھܲ
һҲǻðɵߣû˸ڴ˾˶֣㻹ǵһ
Ҳһ׿ˣһЦ
֪ͺãŭһ
΢΢ҡͷĳ˼ǣԺ˾Ҳôˡ
Բѣţɱ
˿ɲǳصģټ԰ˣôȫΪֺ壡
ֻû뵽һ㣬ǾҲһ൱ţĴڣ
һʱ䣡
żɱ죬ֻûãһͳ˵ĶС
վż֮ˣԹ




3807  ݵ
 

ݵ
һͳɤżܲѻȸ
˿̣
һλŻ֮˻˳Աһλɫ㡢ׯŮӣ
Ф裡
mҲǴԵȨ
Ǵһˣ
ֻǵФ̤żҵһ˲䣬ɫѾǱˣ
μμˣ
ɽХϮżܲѾ̾Ϊֹ
ɡ
Ф֮дһ˿İ
ףô£
ԭҲѵûһԼңһҲЩʧɫ
ѲɾżҸ˵ļ
˾ʬ壬ȿڵ
ФĬֻˮģ˶֪ˡ
⡭⡭
һҲ֪˵ʲôˣֻǽŵĿФ
һô£
ФһεĿڣĿһΪӡ
һһڿˮˣġ
һΪ̵˵˽飬һֶ
ݺԶô⣿
Ф迴ݺԶʱȻ¶һ˿Ц
ˣ¡׵ġݺԶæ֮Ҳǵ
ʲôˣ
Ф迴ףǵһθ׵ĽӴ
ЦһȻǰ䣬ֻ˾ʵ
󵨣
ô˵Ҳŭһ
ʱѾ˳Ҳǵһ
ȻԼĶӱˣϾٹԼĶˡ
Ф蹪ˣ˱֮ǰ¸˵Ǹˡ
ǣ
Ф֮дһ˿ŭ⣬Ȼܵʲôƻ
ָʹ˵˸Ȼûڴǰ˵ʲôûˣ
׵ҲνЦЦ˵ԼûŹأ
ߣ˾Ѿǲ޵ļϸ㻹Ϊù˲ɣ
ʵҲ֯һɣʵϣѾɳĸǰƳǣ
ĿľΪ˽ɱˣ
û뵽ǣĹһﾹȻѾǳ
ݺԶһ
ʱʮֵĽţΪ֪Լĩպпˡ
֪һڴ˵ĻȻҪֹǰ
أ
һжѾˣ
ֻѣΪ֪ʵ̫ˡ
壬˵
ݺԶҲǱĻˣûףƳǿѾһƬ棡
ߣݼҹ޵֤ݣָʹѾʸˡǲҪΪ޳һ˫Ϸƭ˹ˣ
ָʹĿ׺ݺԶҲŭȵ
Ф赭˵ݺԶô𣿡
ˣֱѪˣִƳѾһƬˡ岻ǰӪƷˣִ֮оƷˣ˴һ˿ϣ
ݺԶФ裬峺ޱȡ
ФתͷĳʱôûƷ˱ץһ£
ˣǲǵһ˫ɶѣ
ҲǼæ֪һԼϣǽٲĵز
ǰΣһҲڲ廰ˡ
ΪоһΣյϢԼ˵ȥĻǾˡ
ǣﵱ
׿壬Ҳ΢΢ҡͷ
ФĿ׵ָʹǱ۾ȻǶò֤֤׵ĻǿɾͲҪֱˡ
ĳΪƳٳͶѱĻö֮Ȣ峤Ůô
׿Ф裬Цһ
ĵҲݺԶɫҲ飡
һͼӴ׵˵ֻȥѾʮֵĽˡ
ΪģΪĿ׳ֵġ
򣬿³˹ˣûܹסˡ
ĳ֤ݣ
׿Ф裬ҲǸФĿԡ
󵨿ͽȻ˵һǱţ˵
鼱֮£Ҳǳ׵ʧȥǡ
ֻҪ֣ʱҲֲĸ·ְɣ
°ɣ
Ф˿̿ŰӣҲһڴû˸ҸԼŵ˵
֣
˾׿϶Ҫ˵ʱһ˵ĶУ
˿̣
˶һƣ˲ǱˣǸոմƳǹĶҫ
ֻǴ˿̵ҫȥʮֵǱ϶ദˡ




3808  ˣ칬
 

ҫĳ֣
Ӷɳ˿̵ɫһƬĻҰףЩŵĿҫ
μ״ˣ
ҫФߣҲصĿ˼Ȼ󼸺ſФĸǰ
Фü֮Ĩһ˿ɱҫôˣ
״ˣɵ
ҫһѱһѾǿЩЦá
ָʹ˵ȥ˵ݼͬ𣿡
Ф豾ܵĸоһ˿ĲԾԽԽˡ
ʵϣ
֮ǰһЩٶѾФġ
Фȴû˵ʲôֻǷԼ
ά˾ͬʮֵҪ
ֵĵǹ޵ļϸФȹĲ飡
ǻӹֻǺܶѣ
һ˼ľܶѾ̫ˡ
һΣĻ㱨Фľ磬ô죿
Фˣƽľ˱
Ȼ˽ФƷԣĻôһӾֱӴФأ
ָʹ״ˣһ·ʿ׷ɱ󺢶һ˵Ϸ
ҫŭ죬û뵽徹Ȼôĺݡ
˵䣡
ѾóһƣȻд˾֣
ݣ£ڹˣңôɥĲأ޵֮ư
忴ҫĳ֣Ѿ˵ǣ
Ф˵ȷпܣҿԷǳĴҫˣϽȻȥЪϢ
״ˣںȥ֮ǰһҪ˵һƳǵսƴݰ
ҫʵղһ۾֪ǰΣ˵츳ĻȻܲɱȨֶ˵ǲ㡣
仰ҫѾǰͨ͸
뵽֮ǰ屻裬ڿҪץףȻ֪ⱳȻ˵
ƳǴݣѾ֪ˣұ֪Ƴ֮һϷѣˣ°ɣ
Ф費ھҪס
飬ʱˣһйͣйɱˣ
ֻҫ״ˣޱնɱʿˣ˫Ϸô
£ϣſڴƻƣ޲ʧ˶ѣǱˣôܣ
Խ˵ԽģűФ֧֣ҲԽԽ޼ɵˡ
Ȼ֮еǲѣȴҲȶסԼ
ֻҪҧסţ˭Ҳû֤ݲ
ߣҫ֪ƭʲô𣿡
Ф迴ԼĶӣҲŭһ
£ڱı·֣Ҳɣ
㡭壬ʱ㾹ȻƭҸ״ˡĸ
ҫû뵽Ȼ˵ĲҪΪԼĳһ϶ˡ
ȴ֣岻Ҫ֮ԼҪʮ֡
ּģѾԼʦү˰
ˣȻִһʣȽ˸ץ֮£ȥһһɣ
Фɫøӵı䣬ɺͳ
׿Ф赭˵µЩ̫ˣѻƪ©ٳȴУɲΪ֮
ߣΣҪָ𣿡
ФһЦĻһ֣׼׸ˡ
ֻһ̣
һɼΪǿѾֱӸԼʹȥİֱӵˣ
ȻֻɣȴҲʮֵǿ
֮˵ɣҲЩϣ
ߣǸְ
Ф迴ףҲЦ
̾һǰݷôƳ֮սԭǱ͸һȴû뵽
񣿣
Ф˵Щ֣Ҳü
׵˵һ·Ӵǰ;ڤƳǣȴ뱻ΧƳǣ˧ӹƷ֮£ֻݼҵʵĳ岻ѡĳû뵽ȴ˲
˵ȥФɫһЩ仯δŭ
׵˵峤һ˼ȴ֮ٽ󣬸ñʧ͸ȻˣΪʧĲЩˣһνĸ˾
áôĵӡ
˿̣廹һһԵ塢˵ˣ
ƺѰ˹ͬĵˡ
ФȻЦδ˸Ҹ˵ȻǺǡ
칬ˣ
׵һЦ˾ȻͬʱԷ˹֣
һĻ
ֱӿ˰ҫڵˡ




3809  
 

żҸۡ
˲ֻ̣׺Ф֮һι֣˿Ŀɿڴ
пһ£֪ΪͻȻˣ
ʵϣ
Фһһֱû˵Ǿڤڷ顣
ͳ֮ܵĽ¸Ф˵ˡ
ҲΪʲôФʮֺõһԭ
ȻҲڤڷ飬ΣķҲãһĸҲãڴ˵ǾĺϢ
ٰ֮ڣˣ
ǲȻĻФ˴ٿ֮ʣܵżأ
ʵϣ
m⼸ѹǳĴһε˴ᣬôĪѹ
˵ʵ
Ҫ̲Ѷȷǳ֮
ڼڤĻǾͲѶȴСˣķǳпˡ
ЩФһֱ·
û뵽ǣ֮ԼŮϢܲѡ
ף
֮ǰδ˵أ
ѾǶֳ˺֮ģЩ˵ҪФȻʮֵá
Ͷ֮ң֮
˼͸ԼôһԼôܹأ
˵ˣ
ǰһ帲ˣmΣĽ
Ҫ֪޻ڱûκͣЪĿԡ
û뵽ôݰҴʵҴ԰
ФĻһͷˮȻΪ鱨ŵͷͷ嶼δˡ
ô˻Դ˵أ
涨Ȼʲôɸ˵飬岢֪顣
ֻڵѾûκ˵Ȩˡ
׵ȻһЦڴ˷ǰΪѰֵİ
˵˵˿ڣȻȫФһЦ
Цֶ˵ɣ˷֮Уñڼʶ˴ǣҲñڼʶЩС֮ӦòƵĽʿѪɣ
ţ
Ф΢΢ͷҲǱЩ䣡
һ˲䣡
ӰФĸǰ
Фһ˵£˾ôʱˣҪѪҺ˰
ˣҪ˱˵Ĳԡ
û뵽ΪλʱͻȻ
ˣԣȨ㽫ìͷ׼Ķ˵ġҴĶˣǽ֮λóҲӦģ
Фһϯֱڳ֮Ŀɿڴ
ʲôܹù˽ԼĹ֮λóⲻǳô
ЩˣȻˣҲ޻˵ɡһˣƾʲôֵܹôϳο¶ԹĹ
ĻȻ˵Ĵ̶ҲǴźܶ˵
һԵһīҲֱĶФ裬Ҳ㲻Ϊʲôһ˾Ȼõ˹˵
һԵҲǹˣԴЩأܲΪЩǾĻ˰ɣ
һε˵ǹ˾ôǣǺ֮˵𣿡
ܴ𣿼ֱɣФŭһ
Ϊһ˵һ仰ҵȾôˣʵǲ
ˣǰȷˣԺһˡ壬Ŀ̱ôķϣĿһЩɣͳ졭
ФĻ쳹˿̵ͳ˵زǺԶ
ΪεһιΧ
ФĻٵ˹
ֻǵͳ쿴׵һ˲䣬ҲǼ
μˣμ
ͳ쿴ףƺҲѪڣΪһ뵽뵽֮ǰڤһ֮ս
Цŵڤһͳ
ʱ
ܶ˶׺ͳ죬ҲҪ֪澿ʲô顣
ͳЦŵҵȿڤˡ˴£ĳһӣ
ݸһЦ黹֪һЩȽϵĺá˵ĻҲᵽһ˲𣿡
֮ǽ˵
ФƺҲ֪˶ӣֻǴ׺ͳ죬⻹塢һȼ˽ڣ
ЩʵФʮεˣɽʵʧ͸
ʲôԭĿģФҪһ
ΪģΪ˼Ұɹһѹء
ֻǴ˿̵֮лֵ̿ͬʱʮֵĲ
ΪޣǾһѡ




3810  ִ
 

ż֮У
˿Ҳ࣬Ф迴˳˭鶼Ҫȥͼˣ˭ȥĻɱۣ
Фǰ࣬һҲʮֵĺˣ
ʲô͸ɱۣ
֮£ʲô͸ǽأ
Фȴ֪ڤǱûзųʲôϢȻڤ˿ѾǱ׵ķסˡ

Ҳֻ̹ƺѾ֪ԼĽ֣Щšͣ
ߣ壬ֻô
Ф迴壬֮еһĨɱƵƵ˸
˵ʲôѲĳл·𣿹ˣĳһֱĹȴû뵽ȻĽ֣
壬Ӧõľ
ͳ쿴壬Ҳ΢΢̾һ
ߣΪһˣһĹĳĳ޻˵
嵽ʱ򣬻ĸģʵѾǺܻˡ
Σ˭أ
룬Լǿ϶ġ
ͳ΢΢ҡͷˣ֪Ϊ˴ʲô𣿿ô˵ûĻҴ˿Ѿٲ֮ˣ
ͳ죬⻰˵ĿĳһĳҪװʲô¡
ϢͨжԴ飬֪ܲ
أ
ѹһϢûУˣ
һԵһҲĭͳ죬ͲҪ˰
ͳ쵭˵Ҵĵ˭
Ȼˣ
һ̻ش⻹Ҫ˵
ͳ΢΢ͷȻҡͷҲԣҪҴ֮ĵȷѾãһҪҴǲܵģظΪΣ
ȷȻǿ׳ҴҲǳصġǼǿһҪҴҲǳ˵Σ
һʾͬǿԿ϶顣
һԵҲǲ廰ͳ죬˼˵ڤ𣿡
޵ȷһ޴вҴµʲôµлڤİһͷʢһͳڤ֪ҴĴΣ
ͳ鲢ï˵˵оݡ
һͷ˷˴ٿڼһҪ̲޵ȻһڤʱҴ᧿Σˣ
Ҳǵͳ죬ȥڤΣôˣ
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һ̣
ǾͳǲǴţϰ˰
Ȼ˵Ļ
ڤܳΪǵѣѲһаˣ
޿ܣ
Ҫ֪һͬޱһǾԲ޷Ǵġ
һֵ˵ͳ죬ڴˣɲҪ˵
ǰǲܵ飡Ҳǵ
Цһͳ죬鷳㶯Ӻòãָʹ֮ǰȷЩԩֵģţĿɱ׶ˣ
ţָʹڳԼţˣͳ첻м˵
һҪ𣿡
ȷҪ±˴ţʲôͳ첻м˵
ôѲðһ˳ҴɣֱԲѣѹҲ顣
ʱͳЦ˼ڳͲô˵ˣ
ô°ͳ죡
һ֪ͳ컰лһֱǱ΢Ц˵ʲô
˵˹Ѿ֪ˣӦȷˡ
ֻͳ˵Ļʵţڳ
ͳ쵭˵ڤްһ壡
׹ļ֣һѾǵһˡ
ͳ죬㡭˵ʲô
һ壬˿̶ѾǿϢˡ
Ǿͳ˵ѾЩоһˡ
ͳ쵭ЦһȻûѾˡҴκεвˡ
ˣɰһǡǿӵŰٺŰ羳ǿ߰˵ô˵û˾ûأ
һֱǰһУƵĴţ
ʵϣͳ쵱ʱҲǾˣ޵صҲǹģһӾɳ˼ʮλ羳ǿߣɱİһǶװˬ
ͳÿÿ뵽Ǹʱˬˣ
˵ģǸʲôϵ
˿̵ҲǶ޵ЩʵڸƺһëǮĹϵûС
ıͳ첻֪Ǳͳ֪һ㣬Ҳǹмӣ
һ̣
ͳĻ˽ǵһ




3811  壬
 

峹׵Ȧˣ
˵ʵ
ڤıʣҲǸо֡
Ȼ֪ʲô飬֮ǰƳ׵һУп־壡
ϢֱըѰ
һôˣϢ֣޵ʱ˵ǿˣ
оԼ鱨ϵͳָʹھ͸Ϲûжˡ
ͳ쿴Χ֮ˣ塢һ˶¶ɫ
ͳ죬һģ
һĺԸоһķɬٵΪֹ֪һеô£
ͳ쵭˵ͳ˵ĻλĴɻ󡣿һαͳͬǰڤ֤һУ

Фߣ˿ҲЩʵ
Ф֪֪ͳҲ֪
Ϊһ˵ȴ֪¡
Ҫ֪ΨһŮŮҲʮֵ۰
ֻôҲ֪ԼҵŮʧһʱ䣬ȻȥڤΣյĵط
ФһЦŮ̫ˡ
ҲһЦŵüʵ˾ĺܰ
⡭⵽ô°
Ф裬Ҳһͷˮʵ
ФЦһ붫޵ڶǿһһսʤʵ£Ǽᶨվһߡ붫޵λǿ߼ȫ߰һ壬ټ϶ˣǴȫˡ
ôһܵǱأ
һ˿ˮһ뵽ԼŮһڤŵҲЩ
ԱߣһЦȻǺİ
ɲŮʵҲŮ
ԼŮһ¶ôһι⣬⹫ûأ
ο
оԼ̫ˣû뵽һξȻ顣
˵ģݺԶǰλֵܣھݺԶɲǸһδھĽˡ
Ф赭˵壬㻹ʲô˵
ˣ޻˵һֻܹͿȻĳ֮ǣԴĹףĳȴм
̾һˣ֪Լȥˣ
Ф˵ߣƭ˱ȣں󣬾ҲΪ
ˣĳһԴԹ겻˴Ρ
ʵҲһݵƣʵȷһĹ֮ˡ
һε飬ԭʵ̫ӡ
֮ǰƳǣȻԸѰ˼ĳȥƷˣҲΪ˶ҫ
׷ɱҫ⼸ˣ
ټߣĲˣ
Щزͷġ
Ф迴壬ʵ֮ҲЩп
Լô꣬ʵ᲻֪嵽Ǹʲôˣ
ɽһʵФ費̡ܹ
Ҫһλᣬ˼أ
ǴĶˣпδmĹ
ǳʲôĿǣöӦõס
֪ɣֻ˾Դ֮ģؿɼ빬ˡ
֪Լ϶ˣ
ΪԼǵòʧˡ
ȻԼĶһϢɻоεϣġ
ֻҪһڣŲôź
ФնݲĵָʹѲɲȱ𣿡
⡭
ɫһףҪ֪˾һˣ
ҲֻأӦˬˣ
ţ͵֮𾡾壡
Ф迴ӣһ֪ԼҪԼӦе̬
ʵϣ
ФҲһˣȻ壬Բġ
οЩ˵ڶ࣬ôܲأ
ͨһһ̣ˣ
һ˾ô壬ҲǴҴ
ղŲһ˾ָʹһ֮г˾֮ɫ
ʱ
һһԵīǶɪɪ
Ϊǰ֮һ뵽ղīǰģ˿̵һ޲ܲżҡ
Ҫ֪żңһеһо޴˵ˡ
ݺԶףͲˡ
칬
˿弴Ҫȥʱ׵
Ф΢΢һЦɻ⣿
ָʹɱΪԸһλᡣ֪칬ɷָʹ͸ڰ
׵Ļֱһɵˡ




3812  ָʹ
 

ţ
ФԭΪԼˣǵ׵֮Ҳסˡ
Ҫ֪һֱҪأ
ȴʱΪ飬ʲô
˿ҲĿףԼĶˡ
׿ЦŵָʹΪΣ
֡ʲô˼忴ףȷŵʵ
׾ûôĺģ
ѲͲԼʲôʱ򱳺һô
׵ȻһЦ˷ʥ޹ָʹĴƺܴʵҲΪ˱ѣ

һ̾Щʣû뵽ΪԼ֮˾Ȼף
ʵϣ
ôҲһĵģް羳ǿߵô࣡
һǱһ
Ȼ˵žԵİտշˡ
Ȼ˵ĻΪʲôҪأ
Ҫ׾ôӦҲս֮ϣȨڻ֮У
ФһЦȻǺǣԸûκε
ֻҪܹ׵ͷ֮ޣФν
׵ͷϣָʹԺܹΪںúЧȻĻʱڶȻҲŹġ
һ߾ȫϹᡢѣ
ľ˴˾ƺЩˡ
΢΢ͷ칬ô˰ɣ
ãȻˣܲӰ壡
Ф迴壬Ҳ
Ҳˡ
ԺûбˣеľФ

ʵʮֵĸӣ˵Ǵ֮ˣȴŴ޵һλˡ
֪˵ʲôͷ
ȻҲ֪׵ʵȷǿޱȣ
ڶ˵Ѿûκεѡˡ
٣ڿԱסԼԼҲ
Ф迴ЦŵƲҴmһΣ
ʵҲԣĳмҪѰ칬İæ
ҲҪФ̸һ̸ں飬ûطν顣
ФһֵҲԣȵý˾ˣ
ã
ֻĵͷڴڲ飬Ĳò֡
ܹ壬ʵҲФԼһˣ
ܿ죡
˾ʹ˳ȥֻǵһο⼸˵ʱһεĹ
ݺԶ诵潹ĵȺš
ʵϣ
ݺԶ֪ݣȻҲ֪һͳڤ顣
ԼĹ֪ˣǶҲмѰɣ
վڴ֮ϣܶ黹˵׼
磬ˡ
ϿԼĸ磬ҲǼ˵
Ҳ֪ôˡݺԶǵ˵
һԵ诵Զ˶̬Ѿܹ˵ˣһø˰ɣ
磬զôûأ㿴ɷӣӦ֪ˣ
ƶ˵ʵҲЩǵġ
ݺԶڣ
ڼǵ֮ʣФ쳹żҡ
ݺԶһ㶣漴ǰݺԶμˣ
ݽƳǣΪҴºպսʵӢŰ
Ф迴ݺԶҲǹһЦ
ݺԶ̹һжǹָзҾӹ԰
ȥ˾ָʹһְ
Ф軰һתĿһεĿ壡
̹µлˣ
˾ҴҪһȻȺסݺԶ㼴˾ָʹһְm֮Σ
Ф迴ݺԶҲЦһ
ֲܵΡ
ݺԶ˻ǷǳʵģôһڱһҲЩ޴ˡ
׿ݺԶһЦʲôǶģѲһͻᵱ𰡣
⡭߾ȫ
ݺԶôҲû뵽ҪְλȻԼ
һʱ仹ǲ֪˵ʲôˡ
Ф赭˵𣬱Ϊ诹һ֮󣬱ΪǾд飡
л˴ͻ飡
ݺԶ诼ͬʱĹ
һԵоԼЩôҲû뵽ԼŮȻΪ
˵żֽԼʵ֮һ
ˣ
żŮѾǵ˾ָʹ˰
һ뵽ߣ춼ˣ
Ф֮һεĴһ˽鷿֮С




3813  
 

鷿ڣ
׺ФңȻ׻Ǵ޹
ФѾǽΪԼƽƽ֮ˣ
Ȼ֪ԼҪʲô
Ф֪ȻҪ̸ԼӦɵĺ֧ס
ФΪȻҲɵ
ԭʹ֮͸أ
ڤѾǳΪ˼еһ̲ˣ˫Ӯľ档
һ˴ޣǺ˭˿Գе
ٶФ˵ԲϣԼ޺ռл
˿̣
ФѾЦǺǵʵ֪ɻ𣿡
칬£ĳԭûзȨġĳЩϵĳ칬Ĵʮ⣡
¶һ˿ǳЦҲòԵĻظ
Фһֵͺãͺá֪˷ôν£
ȻǺ֮£
׿Ф裬ȻҲҴš
ФֺǺǵ˵֪ϣôأ
ŹͬĵˣޡǺĻ𣿡
׿Ф裬һε˵
ФͷȻҴĺҲ岻ݴǡ˵ģڤ顭
ǲΪ˴ڤҲڱصãʱ꼰ͬҴ˵Ҳǻˮ
Ҳûоӹԭˡ
˵ʵ
ڤ֮£֮ǰȻûмƻҲ֪տ϶Ľ
Ϊڤĵȷȷвİȫ
ں
ĶǲεĻԺһޱȾ޴в
һҲЩңûа취ٲ֡
һһֶܹʱֵأ
ǸʱΣվˣ
˵ȻɹˣͬҲһξѡ
⵹ҲǣҴΪжд̡ҪİһڤĻ롣
ФʵҲЩ£ܹô˳Ľ׾ĸǰ
鷳ǽˣҴޡ
׿Ф裬ҲǽĽ˳
Ҫ޺ɽ֮ǰǴնػߣݱһΪѡ֮ӣ
ФҲ˵飬ֻٴ
ڿ˵ͣľпػˡ
ʵϣ
νػߵһݶѣȻˣǻһЩͬ˺ô
ɲػ߾һԳΪġ
Ͼⶫǿʵû㹻ʵ֧ţ˭ܹ֧νػأ
ȻˣػߵݿɲûõĶ
֮ˣػʵǷǳĿصġ
ĴmΪʲôἰ£ΪˣػȻʧˡ
ЦһѾӦÿҪָˣ
Ŷ治ǡ
ФЩ㵵ĿףҲ֪ŵϢ
ͷȱһͳ֮󣬵ʱ칬ǰҴһΣ
д˵Ⱥ⣬Ȼȥ޿˵ʵҲкܶû뿪ˣ
ФҲЦǺǵ˵ʵҲ׵һ˼
һ¶֣ʱԼǰޣǵվ̨ʱڿȶ޵ơ
ֻҲФϣģΪҲҪˣѾǹ¾սˡ
ҲΪ˸һ𺳣
֮ǰڴƴ׼ոޡʱ䱾ΪЩˣԱڴ˷ǰΪľǽ
׿Ф裬һ̣˵Լ뷨
ȻҲ֪Ф˵һ⡣
Ҫ֪
羳ǿߣĸޣǶǺһĴڡ
׿ھҪĻ˼ô죿
ˣʧ̫Ƕڴ˵һӾͺѻָ
ʱ޴ѹԱɶû˰
Ф˿üͷ壬׵֪Ҫ٣
ʮλ羳ǿߣ
״˻һڳ֮޲𣡣
ʮλ羳ǿߣǼ˵Ǵһĸ߼ս˰
ФЩֵʵҪֱӹm𣿡
칬뱾ڹȻϬοԭػߣʱֻҪmĺؼҵ̨ǵʱ򡭡
׵ĻѾʮֵˣһȥǾƴˡ
ȻֻʮֵͻȻݱһ롭
Ф˿дԥ֮ɫ鲻òԥ
˭Ҳ֪λĹ׻εľ񰡡




3814  Фѡ
 

鷿ڣ
ʱһƬĽ֮ɫȻղ֪׵ݡ
漴Ǳ㱻Ҫˣ
ˣ
ʵѣǶڰ˴ôæ˵ǿ߰æǿ϶ûܵ顣
Ф¶ԥһӦþпܴӦˡ
ڵⲻһˣҪߵĿǴһĸս
Ф˵Ǿһעˣ
ǳɹҲͰˣʧأ
㲻ʧܣ׽Լʮ˸ģǶԴ˵Ҳǵͬһѡ
羳ǿߣǾһǾһģ
mȻãٲãҲһm
Щ˵ս²Լ羳ǿٰ
칬ҲΪѣڴҲΪ˽ȼü֮칬ʲôѵĻֱ뱾˵ˣ
׿ФüͷӣҲǵ˵
Ȼ֪ԼҪЩФ˵һѵľ
׶ԼģֻҪôˣ´mǾûġ
Ȼˣ
һлÿФľͬĻҲȻ̫ľ
Ф̾һʮλ羳ǿ߶Ҵ˵ǿ˽ǰ
ȷ칬ΪѣĳҲǿѣ
¶һ˿΢Цıƺûʲô̫ı仯
ǴλĿǳĻҲν
ˣڵһʱˣ
ȻڴmЩѹ˼һеľȨϲ
ڱ˵һޱȼѵľ峤ظλΪΣ
ФҲǼ̾һΪѰ
⡭
һ˻һۣǵжƷǳ
һˣѾܹǣ
ⲻԼʲô湬Ǻˡ
ˣлֱ˵۽ǲ裬ֱ˵ǵԭͺˡ
ФһлǷǳĲģ׵ʵ֤һ֮ˡ
嵽ݲһĵƺһЩΪǽ裬ǾҪһо޴ʧǲ裬ǶҴԺ󡭡
峤˼ˡФͷ˿һԵһʵظΪأ
ФˣΪ裡ԸȫԸȡޣ
ŶظΪ˵ļᶨ
Ф֮ʵҲڽģֻû뵽һȻԼ˼
֪Լ˼ʵҪֳԼΪѣȴҲһ֡
ЩֶκͼȻЩ򵥣Խ򵥵ĶԽǺá
һ˷ǳĻԹɫȻˣʵ֮Ҳôġ
治һФôĴֻʵʵ˵ѣ
һȭû˿ҴҪԵĿ½޵ټϰһ˫лʱ򼴱ҴɹһΣ˿Ҳǡ
Фͷ˵ȥ
ˣҴһǶԹȻҴˮ֮УΪҴȥôһǰȻӦõġһ
Ф¶һ˿Цݵǰȷˡ
һ˿Խ˵ԽѾȷФ뷨
һ㣬ɹǶȻǿҴӵĳáʲô飬ҪҴҲǲ̫ܵ顣ǶģΪҲֵõģ
ФһֵظĻϱⰡ
ֻһǳ֮ԣȴ»ùԶźã
һΪʲôܹڵĳãǱǴ˶Ľˡ
Ф˿̿ףҲǴЦ̶̵ʱ䣬ѾҴ񳼷˰
ݸһЦ칬Цˣ
ФɫЩصھʮλ羳ǿȡmҲΪҴĹ׵һֻرҲ֮һʼɣ
Цһл칬칬ʧġʱҲǴڷɵһ𣿡
Ǹղ칬ûдӦڣĳȻҲ칬֡칬Ӧ˱ڣǱڵҲǿԸλ̸һ̸ĳδһЩΣ
׿Ф裬ʵĿʼҲǴһڷɵ




3815  ׵뷨
 

˿̣
鷿ڣѾǱû˺ܶࡣ
ȻФЦ⣬˶óʵжôļѣ
ФҲһı֮ˣҲ֪ڵһʲô
˼ˣԼʱ򲻰æѲֻ֮ǰʤĹʵ
һοԣ
ΡΣʱ˻ôأ
οФʵһԭԭҶ֪˭Ҳûᣡ
Ǿһ塣
Ҫ֪һôţ棬Ķ˵Ļǿ϶ľ˴ޡ
Ȼ˼Ҳ뱩¶һĹϵҲ޾ʲô뷨
˵ӴӦոһ취ˡ
ФҲ֪һԼʲôܺڵġ
ʵѾȫûһ׼ˡ
ȻԲ󣡣
ݻʲôĿ𣿡
Фƽ֪νĿ϶ʲô뷨ˡ
λδп֮ˣһЩ뷨Ҳġ
ʵʸĲ
Ȼ˿̵ȥᣬȴѾվΪ˵ĵطˡ
׿ФҲЦһ޶ڴ뷨ӦѾܾ˰ɣ
Ǻǣ˵ĶԣҴ֮ϣѾаʷˡ
Ф迴ףҲǵͷ
Ҳʲô˿ԽģֻҪ޻ڣìܿ϶һֱҲǼȥġ
Щüʵ칬Ѳɾû취޸
ʲʲô
ФЩֵĿף֪Ϊһ˵ʲôأ

ҲԼиθڰûٰԼĸˣľǵòʧ˲
һε˵̲ޣ
һһԵһͳ춼ǾЩ˵ˡ
һһԼĭ𣿡
ǣĳһϲЦ׵˵
ФЦһȻһ㰡ֻ޵ʵ֮Ҵǿһ࣬Ҵһֱǿ֧ţô̲أҲ㹻θ֧
ǰûУ칬ûʲô뷨𣿡Цŵ
֪ʲô뷨
Фֱӽһε׸ף֪˵϶ָˡ
Цŵ˿ǲεĻԺһֱˣЩ˾ǼͷˣԺūˡʱֶζȻκܹܵġ
ǰͼ̲ҴʵϱΪǵĿѾǴˣ֮ǰڤǱߴϢһҪ̲޵ǵĿпܾǴޣ
Ф迴ףҲԼĿ
һղűھ˵ˣǲ̲ޣǱڿɾ˰
⡭
ФǰֱѾ޻ûһͳأھô˼
׹һֵ칬Σ
ޣȻûġФЩε˵
ȻȻһһ룡ʱȽޣǸʱǽһĿʼ
׿Ф裬һεЦ
ֻڵФƺѾЩˣһҲ̫˰
һδƽһ𰡣
Ф費֪׵ЩʲôҲǿЦ۹ⳤԶΪȴıȽװ
칬֮Ҳɡ
׿Фδûκεİգ֪Լ˵ЩҲǰ˵
ԣ
ǵȵ˵ɣĻ˵Ҳǰ˵
οڵĵ֮ޡ
Ҳֻн£֮ء
ʱվȽŸ֮ͼ֮
޶վȣҲûʲô˵ˡ
˿ʼѰұĻ⣬Фһ֮ФҲʼȥ׼羳ǿߵѡˡ
Ҫʵ̫żФȻӦˣȻҲϣԽԽá
֮󣡣
һѾһǿżҾۼһεȻҲΪ֮
Ͼʹ޵ĺԽĻǶԺķչԽ
׶ԣһҪ̵ʱɶԴ޵һͳ
ֹ˼죡




3816  
 

֣ң
֣Ҳǳţļˣ峤֣ͩĳ֮һ
һΣ֣ڤȡʷԵͻƣ֣ͩҲʮֵĿģ
׵֣ſڵʱ֣ҸǰѾŵƽʣȥھʲôʽ
λӣ֣ҿҪģ
ſڣ
һ֣ҷεӿҲǽߡ
ûУ
ҲЩεֵ̯̯ȷû
֮ǰ֣ҵöƣҲѾǻ֣ңҲֻ֣̹ȥˡ
һΣ׹Ϊ֣վԼߣ
Ȼ֪ӦûʲôģɼһҲǲһĲ
ֻû뵽֣ڰ£ԼЩʱ
֣֮Ҳֱ˵˵Ҫ֪Ҫȥ˿ɲ
ʶǼ֣֣С㣬ҪȻͨһ
׿ˣ˼ҲְڣҲΪѱˡ
һ㶣漴ʶǼҴС㣿ǣǼҴСĻô᲻֮أ
ǣĳǲ
ɵȻȷǲ
ֻ;Щ̶ˣȻǲǾûа취ȥˡСдˣûй
ÿ
׸˵֮ʣһ뵽˵ĶС
ԭ´С㣬ʧԶӭʧԶӭ
һˣ͸͹һ㣬˵ݲ͡
֮ǰڵīӦþīĶˡ
λ磬֣֮㣬׵Ҳܹˡ
ţ˸ʲôģſڲȥʲôأ
ϳǣ
īĶӣҲǱڵҲһ
ϳǵԱߣǸ´С֮˵ĺܰ
´С㣬˵ǼҴСʶûȴҪȥ
ʵشϾǿͣҲ˵ʲôġ
ûףҲֻ⣬ȴûĶ
ֻλ²ĵˣ˾Ͳһˡ
ǺЦĺءʶ֣ȴû֣ʶĶʲô˰ϳǣ֮ǰ۹Ҳզΰ
´С֮ƺ޾ĳ֮ɫ
̶ô鰡ǶǹȥˡȻôһ˵ƺҲЩΡ
̵ŮƺЩĵʲôȥȥģҪĻҲŲأ
ֻһ˶ѣϾ֣Ҳͷļ壬ɸ˹ĻԵЩ̫
ϳƺǱ߽ͣһӲ֪ô˵ˡ
ˣȲ˵ˣȽȥ֮Ҫ֣̺ÿ
̶
ϳƺоӵΣҲһӲ֪˵ɶˡ
̲ٿϳǣע׵ϵСӣҲվӣ׷֣̣Ǽϳô㶼׷أ
йϵ
üŮˣԼվǱһ仰˵Ҳǹ
Ҷ죿
̿ףƺһƢͱȼˡ
ϳ˵ϽжԶԶҪȻʱֵĻɳԲ˶ˣ
´С㣬λϢŭݲһߣ
˿ףʹ˸ɫƺҪǡ
ݲ֣Ұ£Ȼݲ˶ˣǲǰǶ̾˰
׳ЦһҪΪԼеҵӾ;Լôĸ߶ˡ
͸߶ôһҲС˵Ļ
̿ףָʹ˵
ְƺһ㣬㹻
˵Ҳһĺᣡ
ϳǵһЦСӣֱ˵㲻˵ô֪Ҫأ
֣ҵ飬ɡ
ſʲôͻĻˡ
ǣһҪ֣ҵǰˣ
һô˵ƺӵ˷ˡ
˭˭򻹲һء˵ǳһҲǻðɵĿϳǵŮ˱۸ˣⶼ𣿡

ϳһ̵ĻҲĿһ
ʲôأ
ϳǼҪ֮ʣ֣ҵ߳һˡ




3817  
 

ӣ
ſڿ֮һˣҲ̹
ⲻǶ۴֣֣
ϳǴ˿̿ˣҲǹһ֣
֣
λڤ޷װ棬׻һ첲֣˿Ҳǳߡ
ֻ֣ȥҪ͵ܶ࣬Ҳյٹˡ
Ȼܶ˲֪⵽ô£
֣֣ʧ裬Ѿ϶顣
һ֣֮˻ǵﲻӣԿóѾû֮ǰ֣ˡ
֣ϳǣҲŭɫֻһ̣
Ǽһ˿Цݵԭԭͳ´Сݹ٣롭
룿ʲô룿֣Ҿôд˵һǰ棬֣Ҳܹܣ
̵ˣȻû
ݣκ˶Ҫӡ
ο
֣ǰҲô¶ѣ
ͷǳĴ¼򣬼˵ǵһˡ
ҲΪʲôڵ˸¼һԭ
ֻϳ֮ǰһ̵֣˼֣̲ϲϳǵĻôڿ±ڸ֣Ѿˡ
Ůƶʣ
һڳ̵ֵǾʮֵˣֻҪ̵֣飬̻϶ǸϳǷġ
̵ͷܴϳҲʮֵ
ܶʱֻܿЦһ֣Ҳʮֵ
Ϊ̫ϲ̣ΪҪĻԲȢΪ޵ġ
ܶʱϳԼҲʮֵΣ
ҲǱһ˵ҪһЩɸ֣ҵĺĲȵĻ̫̫ˡ
ԼҲ֪ʲô졢˵ĵˡ
֣ʲô

ָףҲŭһ
̵֣ѣǾĵ˰Բ˺ùġ
ʱñ֣ʵѾ֪֣ˣδת
֣עϳǺͳ̵ϣһҲûг׵ķ򿴡
ȻղҲһۣȴûϳס
Ͼ֮ǰ׳ͻģһӰϵó
ô£֣ʵ
һ֣ҵλ̵˵ǴСѣɡò֤ݣҪǺС֪ģǶ˵ٳСں԰ء
̵ѣ
֣ҲЩʵ˵֮ǰ̵֣ĻôھͲһˡ
֣ٲȻѾΪ֣µĴһ㣡
Լĸ֣ͩҲѾڼ˼δ̳˵ѡ
ΪŮ޵֣̾Ȼ˵һ˳λʲô
֣Сɲ˭ڱСʮֵĲˬ֣ҵ˸Ұһһ٣ֻҪС˳ˣʲô˵
⻰˵Щôˣ֣ѲĴֲɣ
֣ﻹҵֻ̣ü´С㣬ȵȺһһĴ𸴣ıͶڵλأҪȻ
С˵ˣһ˵
̵˵ʮֵǿƣԵͱ˵ĺܡ
֣ɫ൱ĲÿһԵϳǵ֣㲻˵ز˰ɣôС¶첻ˣ
Ƕ˵ٳܲڴɱɱɣ
֣ȻҲҶ֣ûи״£óȻֵĻԼԼҲ
֣㲻ֵĻǽҿɾҪ֣̳˰
ҲŭһľͲаˣ
һʶˣѲɴһٶô
֣ȻҲǳ֮һɸǳ¼ȣǾˣ
̽ΪѾǸ֣ҵˡ
ϳҲЦһӲԸ⶯ֵĻֻܱˣ
Ҳ֪ʲôӣʱҸ״˹Ļǡ
֣̿ôˬô˵ԼҪһԼеڶġ
֣ЦһҪȻɣȴ˽ȥ˵ʱˣλôôΣ
ɣϳǶȻܾ
һԵĳҲǵô˰ǾɱСԶˡ
˵ٰʽ
ڴ˿̣׵ͷתˣֻһתһû֣ˣ




3818  ֣ı
 

ף
֣׵һ̣˶Ѿ֪Ҫ˵ɶˡ
Ѿǳ֮еļһû뵽һεĳˡ
׵һ̣֪Ӧôˡ
Ҫ֪Լ֣̾ǿŴˣȻŮӵݳΪ֣ҵһ˳λļ̳ˡ
뵽ڤǱ̬·֪˾ǲǵĴڰ
˿̣
ǿŵĻ֣һ㶼Ű
̺ϳΪԼţô
ҲһЩѣ˼ûа취Ტۡ
֣ϳǸ̸Ь֡

˵ʲô˵ٰʽҲɢһ˿
һԵϳ΢΢һЦȻһҪĻǾԸˣ
ˣʲô֣ҵĿ˲ô
֣׵Ӱ֮һƺҲˡ
˵Ŀﻹ֮ǰΨΨŵŵվһǿ϶ûġ
֣Դҩˣ
ϳǺͳ̼ͬʱһ㶣һǲǷ˰
ȻҶô˵֣峤ˣҲÿͿĲ
ʲôԴҩˣֹ֣ҵĹֲͣҰ
֣ϳǺͳ̣Ҳһεĺǳ
ֻЦеĿ֣һ￴Ѿϵ˰
֮ǰڤ޷ʱ򣬼ֱˡ
ⲻҲǲа˭ʵ̫أ
ϳŭЦ֣֪ڸ˭˵𣿡
ϳǣΪǸʲô֣ҰĵطԹԽȥҲͰˣҪֵĻǿɲҪ֣ĳˣ
֣̬ͻȻ֮ôķתϳǺͳʵǲ첻ѡ
Цһͣղ㲻˵ʶôôͳ˹ˣѲǹͣǾͲǹˣ
ǣֹȣ㻹治ʲôͣ
֣ų̣Ҳ֪Լ˵Ļ
ڵ֣Լô˵ǶԵģƺһֺٻĸо
׿϶ûġ
ο֣ǰһҲԼĸһ죬Ǿ֣ȫ֧
ʵ֪Լ֣ͩеǰף
ȫ֧֣
ĸֵķжôأ֣֪ܲأ
ο֣֪жô͵ģ޸λ羳ǿΣ
󻹲ʣ
ڣ¼ң
֣ҲǱ֣΢ǿһЩѡ
úúã֣˵ġ챾Ҫ˵жôţ棡̶ǽȥ
ϳûŪƣ֣ôǿӲҲ֪ʱͻǲǵľٶ
һԵĳŭһƾʲô챾С˵ҪǱҪ
ῪʼʱҵҲٰҵҪ֣ʲô͡һ֣ͩˣҪʿ
ϳǾֻ֣ͩҪǸɵȱӦòҸǱںͳ¼ҹȥġ
֣ȱʲô
ϳǺͳ̳˹ȥ֣һڵʲô
ܿ죬Цݵֹ֡ӡ
ӣּˣ
׿֣Це˵Ȼǰһֱ۾Ūϵġ
ֻ֣ﻹ飿
Ͻֹӣ룬ź̿һǳĿĵġ
ǣĳ˷ǰΪ˼һ̣˳㸸׼档û뵽֣Ұ飬Щɰ
׿֣̣Ҳ
̵֣ҡȥͨ״ˣ
ˣһʱҲνˣȻǺĸ׵ٵĳҲһЩˣ߰ɡ
׿֣Ҳһε¶һ˿Цݡ
̵ֹ֣ӣҴȥҺ̰ɣںأ
ˣһʱᣬýĳǰϢǣٵ֮󣬵ʱȻʱˡ
׵Ҳǲڼ֣̣˼ҽģҲһʱģȵҲ͵ȵˡ
֣һ׵ĻҲǵͷֹԸ£֣ĳȻҪȻȵȥϢƬ̣
ţ߰ɡ
׵ͷҲǳ֣ҵ˹ȥ
ֻ֮ǰ֮ˣ˵ĳҲǾ㵲ѡ
û뵽Լ۸ڶӣȻԴ˵ء
оȵǣֵĹ˵һ仰Ȼ˵Ľš
˾˭أ
Ҳǧ֮ˣȴδ˰
ʱ
֣ҵĴ֮УѾϯˣʱѾǽٵ񻷽ˡ




3819  ٶ
 

֣һ
ӰڷǱߣһ֣ƺķǳĴ
˶һ飡
ǴmˣҲ˱֮УʮʥŮ˿ҲλС
ϳǺͳ̴˿Ҳǽˣֻǵɫʮ֮ѿ
ϾΪĿˣϳǺͳһδ˺ܶ˵Ĺע
ϣһֲȻĿ־塣
ֿ־ǶǿߵľηҲ׸Ƶһ̬ȡ
һе˵ĸǰѻɽ
֣ҵַʽʵǴΪеһַʽ񹫿ʵϵܹ󻯡
Ҳʲôôҵ飬ϾˣݱΪһʽˡ
ֻǽ죬ƺһЩͬ
ϳǺͳԭ׼ģⱻǸʲô̵֣ѸŪ²̨оǶһġ
ʱһһĹȥ
ʱ
ֵϳǺͳóԼϳҲǳǰ˹ȥ
˵Ŀⶼϳǵϣ֣̿ϳǳԼķ˹ҲɫȻ
˵ʵ
֣̿ϳ׵һָͷ硣
ϧǣһ۸ڶΪԼжô˲ء
֣С㣬Υˡ
ϳǸûи˴кĿֱӶ̡֣
һԵĳЦһϳǣ˼ҿ㣬㻹ô˼Ҵк㲻úЦô
̶ǻҪеİɣϳǸһһ͵˵
̵֣˵λȻٵģǾҪкٵӡ
֣̣û뵽ڻͦһ飬Ҫһ
Ŀ֣̣Ҳ
֣ͩ
֣ҵ峤Ҳ̵֣ĸף
˿̾ϷôĿϳǺͳ̣˸˵ӣû뵽ںͳ¼ҾȻһεĳҡ
֣ͩѲɲ֪ԼŮϳ֮
ϳǵ׷ԼŮԼŮƵĲͬ顣
ʵϣڿϳǵƷȷǲһĳ̶ȡ
ڿϳǵô˵棬Ȼ˵ķҲŭ
ֻΪ֣ҵ峤ΪһҪ侲
ҪȻ󶪵ĿɲǱںͳ¼ҵǶ֣ҵ档
ٿϳǺͳ˪ӣпܻЩ顣
֣ͩʵ´С㣬ǽΪ˺ٵģ嶨Ȼǻӭ֮λ
֣峤ĳЯ̶ȻΪ˺ٶֻ֣ſڣ˾Ȼ⵽֣֮˵裬˵
ϳǿ֣ͩڵ֣ͩ˵ء
֣Ȼ֣ҵһ˳λļ̳ˣɼ̳ҲǼ̳˶ѡ
֣֣̾ҵĵλٸߣҲܹ֣ͩᲢ۲
֣Ҫ˵ǲֱӽìͷ׼֣ͩʵˡ
ǲʲô᣿֣ҵ˲ʶ֮Ǳ塭
֣ͩһʴϾпᣡ
ֻ֣ͩδ˵꣬ϳѾЦ֣峤ǻƲΰ
֣һ䣬йƲһ˵֣ͩ
ϳ֮дһ˿м䣿֣ʶϳ֣峤شң
ʶ
֣ͩԼҲʧ͸û뵽龹ȻǸ֣йϵ
ҲǴһ˿ŭݣֵĻشѾ˲ˣ
˿̵֣վ֣ͩߣȻڲˣȻ֣ҵĵϵ
ĳϣôܹȱϯأ
ֻ֣Ȼû˿ĵ֮ɫ
ãȻ֣峤Ҳ˵ʶˣǾһһǶ˵һ˵ɣ֣ȻΪһûеˣĳ˹ֱǶұںͳ¼ҵ裡
ϳһŭȣҲ
ô£֣֣ͩҲ
״ˡ֣վ׼˵Ҳ֪ʱ˵׵ݣЩԥ
ϳһ֣ΪѵӣղǼһﲻͦţأˣĳҲûʲôҪһ
⡭
֣֪˵Ҫȵ֮ڳģû뵽ϳǾȻ˵Ĳˡ
֣֣ͩ˵ʲô⣿ȻѾˣȻҪ˵ĺáҪӰٵ
ǡ֣ҲƲѡ
֣֣̿磬ʲô飬Ҫġ
ĳߣλкָ̰
˿̣
״Ӻ˳ֻǵ֣̺ʮʥŮ˿׵ʱҲһĿɿڴ




3820  ֮
 

֣һ
֣ʹԼ۾ЩŵĿǰ֮ˡ
ףôأ
˿̵֣ЩԸˣ֪˵ʲôˡ
һԵ֣Ȼ֣̣˼žײ뱩¶ơ
ʵҲһʼ˵ĶѣϳӲҪˮɾͲܲˡ
˵һһʵν顣
Ǻˣôûм
֣ͩףҲЩüʵֻǴϵһ˶Ȼǲ򵥵ġ
֣峤ĳǺ̵ѣ
׿֣ͩҲЦһ
ͫһ
֣ͩһ˲ƺ뵽ʲôֻǰݵУҲһӲ֪˵ʲôˡ
֣ͩͷһԼŮ֣̣ȻԼŮƽ飡
ΪϽ֣ͩѾҪѯʲô֪ǰ׵˭ˣ
ԭԭֹӣǿֹͣ
ָ֣ͩܿԼı飬ֻ赭д˵
ϳ˵֣峤ǴǷ򸾶˳Ա𣿡
챾ٵ岻ϣ֣¡
֣ͩϳǣ̬һҲǱü
ϳһ㶣֣֮˶ǲ֮ô
ɵںͳ¼ңҪΪôһȥ֮˳ͷ
ϳǺͳ̾ã֣ҵһơ
Цһ֣峤ʲô˼
ûʲô˼˵ˣǿͣ
֣ͩų̣̬ȼ޶óһֳױĳ嶯
ԵĶ֣ͩĻѾǱˡ
ϳǵһЩһѳ̣Ȼ̶Ȼ֣Ұ£Ǿ͸֣峤һӣ
ϳǣ㡭
ɫѾǱʮֵѿһֺɸֵģ
ֻһ̣
ϳǵĻѾһεѿڶ̶ᣬǸƽϵĻǾͶˡ
ҲԣҲĳЩŶѡڲٵôǵҪλ֣֮ˣóʲôɱҵʧŶ
Ѿ֪ϳǵ˼ñ˶˵ķкܶ֡
ֱӴܣǱͼһַʽ
Ȼǰֵļһﰴڵϴһ̶Ͽ϶ǻԼˬһЩġ
ɳ̾ãⲻԼˬһЩѣ֣ûʲôʵԵ˺
һΣĳԣǿ֣ҵҵġ
ֵĸһᣬҪǲõĻֱ˷Ѱ
ĳ븻λƺҲûйϵɣοҲǿͣν㡣һĹضҲ˼ߴô
׻ĳǰһ仰ϳǺͳֱӸоо֮ͽһĵۣ
ǣᣬαذѻ˵ôѲ˵ˣܸıʵô
ΪһŮˣɲʲôӲӵģҪڶ
̣㲻μٵȥ
֣Щ̲סĶų
ӴӴӴôˣĪ̵֣˲ɣ̹һЦ
ô
̵֣һϯֱڳ֮ȫѪ
ΪĳŮ֮һ֣ǿ˴ߵĶ
֣Ӵ˵Ǿޱȣ
ӴԭΪ֣ıߣڿҲһ۹⡮֮˰
һ̣ǸоԼ̸֣ȥˡ
ϳҲ΢΢һ̾ϲãǾ˰
֣˵Լ飬ʲôϵϳǣΪţֹӱǿһٱֹ
ιǿһٱ֣̣㻹Լ𰡣
ϳ̵֣ĻҲһЦ
˿̵ϳǣŵޱȵš
˵ģݣޣҲǷǳţġ
ˣ̣ǣЦһ
̵֣ͷţĺܡ
𰡣Ȼ֣СˣǽĸٵòĶЦλ˵ǲǰ
ϳ壬в˸ϳǵĹϵʮֵУ
ϳǵĻҲ
˿̣
̵֣ĸɫƺҲǲ̫ÿ֪ԼŮһˣ
ԼŮڳϣһʱ俴֣ͩ
ֻоЩֵǣ֣ͩȻֻЦеĿǰһУƺûвֵĴ㡣
ϳǣҪȻǸЦһȻڣƷɽƷҩʮöҳ¼һ
ѾʮֵĹˣ
ʵϣ
ԭںͳ¼Ҳδóô࣬Щʱġ
˿̣˵ĿѾ׵ˡ




3821  ˭˭
 

Ʒɽ
Ʒҩʮö
Щ˵ʵʵЩ˵ʲô
ɶһС˵ǾǸˡ
ϳǺͳ̴˿̿ףһ԰ģʵ˸оЩ
ȴһٹ⣬ǿǰǸ֮˳Աټ֣ҲɫѿޱȵĿġ
ϳǵоûô
ȻУ
˵̵֣оˣоƵǣѾΪ֮Щ֮ȥʡ
һᵽ֣̣̾Ƕһ˷ܡ
ֵģֵˣ
ϳǿףҲ¶һ˿ѹ΢Ц
΢΢ҡͷô㶫ƺҲϲ̨ɣ
㡭˵ʲô
ϳǺͳ̼ͬʱһ㶣һֱڴ̼ǰ
һԵߣֱЦ㶫òҲ˼ָֻŰ֣̣ƺ
ǣ𣿻ڱУʲôأ
֣̿׵ҲĴ
˵ڻǳ¼ң׵лĲʲô
˼ȣƺɱԶûС
֣̰֣̣㻹ǻԼ𰡣
̼ЦΧҲǳһ̫Ц
Ȼ֣ңأ
ڱںͳ¼ҵĸǰ֣Ҳô¶ѡ
̵֣Ŀǰٵɶ˵֮лǾϳǺͳռžԵġ
֣ҲЩ˰ȻҶͳ´Сô˵
֣Ҳǳصģ˵ǰʲôͷأ
ͷͷٴ󣬻ܴĹںͳ¼ҵ𣿡
أкϷ˰
һ˿ǰľҲƷͷ˵²ؼ߸߹
Խֵף˵˵ԽǺأ
ֹӣǲǡ
֣̿ףҲЩ˵Ȼ֮к״˵
Ҳ֪ôģο֣ö
ԼôоЩ̫ԡ
ӴӴ᣿Ҳᰡ
ϳ֣ûеĻҲ緢˵
ѾǱ˲
̵˵ֵģղƤӲͦôҪˣ㵽׻ǲǸ˰
ĳǲǸˣ⣬óĶʵе᲻ȤĳҲûиǱȽϵıҪ
׵ĻóͬʱƺҲܵ˼Ĵ̼
ԭǾ֣Ҳģû뵽Ȼһһ١ٶ裡
˿̣
ϳǻǳ̣˵϶ŭ죡
᲻ȤЦ㵹ǸǴ
ϳǿףҲ˵
ǺðɣĳóһĶòĻǳˣ
׿ϳǺͳ̣ǾӸµƣҲЩסˡ
ֻǳ׵Ļһҳ¼ڴ䲻ʲô壬ȴҲŴģ
ݣ
һ׵Ѿǳһöͨĵҩȵ̲סѡ
ܿ죬˵ĿѾǼ׵С
վԲԶһλѾǾ⡭ѵǴ֮еĻѪ񵤣
˵ûӦþǻѪ񵤡˵Ѫ񵤷ǰ羳ҩʦƣҲ̸ƷѪ񵤵ļֵǺܴ󰡡
Ǳ֮Ϊߣһλ֮µҲǐź
Цŵһҩʦ˵ĻӦǺȨİ
λЦһȨ̸ϣѪ񵤵ȷǺöǶḶ́氡
ǲ֪öҩļֵ
֣ͩ˿Ҳ˳Цһʵ
ûԹҲܣ֣ͩȻҲ˵ȵҩ
ֻȵҩļֵر˽⡣
ȶûоԵļֵǷҪ˵ʲôԺĻӦøƷļֵ൱ɣ
ʵҲֵ̫ҩļֵΪ֮˵У޼֮
κζȻ˵޼壬ʱһı׼ġ
ı׼ֱúܶ˶¶ɫ
ϳǺͳ̵žžġ
˿̣
ѾЩﻢˣղ˵ôû뵽Լ׽ȥˡ
֣ͩһݸһЦ´С㣬ղŲЦ֮ԶѣλʵòҲ
裡
Ե裡
Ƕϳǻǳ˵֣ͩĻѾﵽ޵ݵĵزˣ
һʱ䣡
֣ҿ֮ЩѻȸˣΪϷˡ




3822  ȡ
 

֣ҿ
֣ͩĻΧ˲䳡
Щԭ׼֣ЦˣѾǵת˷򣬿ʼϳǺͳ̵Цˡ
ոŲһˣѾЩϢˡ
ֻûһᣬϳѾ˵һöҩѣװʲôװ
𣿡
׼򵥵֣øոϳһε
һԵĳ˵ⵤҩǵȷûУĶԴ棡
ڵĳ̺޲ֱȥֵļһ˵ʵƷȺöǲԸó֣ҡ
Ϊһ֣ңһ˲ӬһĶģ
ڲóԺǱǳ¼ңǱ˵Цˡ
̵ϣζҪֵĺÿ
ϳǴ˿̿ų̣ЩüΪ⼫ƷĻԿԼ
ϳǵ뷨ǣʱ
ȵʵĻᣬʱڽֵĸŪˡ
ɳΪһŮˣۿûôҪǣ̵֣ĸǰ˵ġ
֣Ѿǿ׵뷨ҲǿһЦȲͲҪǿˣ̣
֣̣һöҩҳ¼ҿɲǱŴġ
˵꣡
̵ѾǶһöƷȻ˿Щʹĸо
óƷʱϻš
ϳЩΣҲöƷӦù˰ɣ
Ӧüֵ൱ɡ
ʵҲЩ̫ȷҲ˵ƺѯ׵ֵֵ
Ͼⵤҩ˼ҵģҲֻǸ۶ѣδȥоöҩ
Цһֵ൱ɣֻĳĵһѡ
һϳһ㶣漴оЩá
ɳȴѾ²̨ˣ˵ҳ̾ͷ㵽ףҵҪʲô¸ǳ¼Ҷ
ʵ˵仰ʱѾǴŨصв֮⣡
ϣǰһܹʶȤ䣬Ϊڳ˵״̬
һóʲôĶĻǻĲһܹܵ
ϳǿų̵̶ô
ϳǣǳ¼ҺǱڼˣ
̿ϳӣҲЩɸֵĸо
̵֣˿ʼʱϳӦüᶨվԼһߡ
û뵽ϳǾȻһ١ٶĴùġ
˿̸ϳ˵Ѿûкɫˡ
׵˵ȻλôǾͼɣ
ͼʲôö㶼óˣ̿ףҲһ
ݣ
׵Уһεĳһŵҩ
ֻǵ˿ҩʱǶЩˣ
һģһȻһŻѪ񵤣ⲻ˵ϡȱ
ôһﾹȻţ
һʱ䣬һεĻصϳǺͳߣΪղǾò˵ȵҩüƷ棡
ڿһεóöҩĪǻҪüƷ
Ļһγ¼ҪѪˣ
Ȼ¼ҵļƷûʮҲа˼һӳȥƷʵЩ۰
ЩΧ֮˿ų̶оһˡ
öƷűٲˣұڵҲǲȱⶫˣ
ϳѾ۵Уʱóһνӡ
̵Ѿû˵ϣһﲻҪóκεĶˡ
ɵһһεó˻Ѫ񵤵ʱѾǽɱˣ
öҩӦƷͼ̽ҧгݵ˵
ϳҲ͸һŨصвֵ֮ģûô̫ƽǲԩ
ϳѾЩԲˣ˼ǰڵޱȣ
Ǿֱ䣬Ҫɱ
˵ʱ򣬺ܶ˶˼Ȼܶ˾ϳǺͳЩ䲻
һóƷʵҲǱںͳ¼ʵɣ
ŸոտʼλͲˣԴ˵
̡ͼ˭˭㻹Ϊ㶫ܹŻ𣿡Щܻˡ
˵֮ǰһϷʵ̬һֱ˸ˣĸоˡ
ԼֲһĿĵʲô
ڵһ㣬ܲʹ̼
ϳǴ˿Ҳǻȥˣ˵ϳҲǷ㵽ף
øѣĳҲûдǱȣԼҪȣûбҪ˵ôģֲѰٻ
˵꣬Ҳ¶һ˿΢Ц
ֻһ̣
ϳǺͳѾǿ޳ˡ




3823  
 

öѪ񵤣
ͨĻѪ񵤣ϳǺͳѾǳ׵ˡ
Ѿû˰
ѲһѪ񵤵
öѪ񵤣˿ҲһĽѡ
˵ģƾ˼ܹóöѪ񵤣Ҳ֣ˡ
Ҫ֪öѪ񵤵ļֵƷ
ǰ֣ˣҲֵöƷ
һﵽ˭ôôţ
ֹţֱǵ߸ǵ󰡣öƷҩ
⼫ƷҩѾôֵǮĵز𣿡
ǰһó⼫ƷҩʱǷöƷҩһɰ
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׵Ŀ⿴֣ͩڵȴʵ֣ͩľ




3824  mʵ
 

ڤ
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һ˿˿ĻᣬǶҪɵʲô
֣峤ӦҲڴmĿ֮аɣЦʵ
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֣ͩؼҵΪǵʵĺǿ˵ģǺعʵѾǴﵽһ˿ֲĲΰҾ֪mıʮλҵİ羳ǿߣ
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ײδκεĲ죬෴ģȻͦġ




3825  ĳ峤
 

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3826  ŵĴ
 

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3827  
 


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˰ɣ峤ǿǿ߰
˵ǿ߾Ȼһ˽Ҫǳ谡
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3828  ԭǸְ
 

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̴ʱϴһ˿ڵ̵֣ðȻҵʵ֮ǿˣ֪״ǲʲôΣհ
̶㲻Ҫǣ˳²֮⣬һǳ¼Ҳǳ˺üλǳ²ĲдˣҲһˣ
ϳô˵ǰοԼʵҲǸԼһְο
Ȼˣķʵһγ¼ҵʵʮֵۺˣ
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ΪǵɱѾоһ˿ĵǡ
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һﵽ˭Щŭɶ˵
˭Ǳںͳ¼ңǶҪ֮أ
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ʵϣҲϣ¾ܹѴ˴ж˿飬Խͷ֮ޡ
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ΪڸĲɵĸϳ˵
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ų¾Լһ˸߹һ˵Ľ֮˶ݵķ
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ͫѾȻһǵѾǴ̴ĸ
һʱ䣬֣Ͽѻȸ




3829  ¼֮Σ
 

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¼λ羳ǿߵ֮Ѿ¶һ˿֮ɫ
һ׸¾֮ĵǳֵĻǱƲˡ
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˿̵ĳ¾оԼĸһȣܿһйƤһ㣬
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Դ֪˴ʮ̫ĴڣҲǴһ˿ΣС
ΪǵĲڣ޵δҲҪǵ顣
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ȻƣжʮλǿɶǴӴ
ЩˣվҪǰİ
ҲоԼƺЩżˣܹһ羳ĸֵĻǼʮ֮ȫƾԼʵ´ޡ
νʮ̫֣ҲѹķʽΧˡ

һҵĽ¾ֱصˤ˵ϣȻδ֮ǾֵѾ˵һС
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²ǳ¼Ҹֵķ緶ԺҪǴȥĻǳ¼һʲôأ
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¾֮нһ˿֮ɫ¼λǿƺҲЩҪ¶ˣ
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˭Ҳ֪֣ҵҪʲô
ٿ˿̵ϳǺͳ̣Ѿǳ׵Ȧˡ




3830  ʵ
 

֣ҹ㳡
˿ϳǺͳдǿ־Ͳ֮ɫǳ̣ѾǳӶˡ
ΪԼԣôɽľأ
һѾˣԼĸױ״˵¶Ұ֮ɫ
ϳǴ˿Ѿǹ˲ô࣬ų̵̣ԵǾˣ
ϳǣʲô˼
ôҲû뵽Լĸ׸ոյﱻƣӭıĴ
ûʲôʱ鱾͵ϵģ
ϳǵĮڿųѾȫû֮ǰֽ
˿̿ų̾Ȼһ˿֮С
㡭𣿡
ԭѾǲҰһƬϴ˿̿ȥѾǺѪɫˡ
ϳЦһҪΪ㣬ôܱӣ̲Ǽ֣ں˰ɣ
ϳǣ㻹ǲǸˣҪǸ˾Ϊδޱ𣡡
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ϾǱڵĸֶδ֣¼˵϶𾪵˴mˣ
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ϳǿһ˿ЦݵĳѾǳһˣʵ̼֮ʵǸĳû̫Ĺϵ
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̲֪˳ͷѣһҪԴmֵĻ¼ҶȻҲܲġ
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ǺǣҲ𣿾侮ʯҲûô侮ʯİɣ΢΢ҡͷǰϳҲʵʧ
ʵϳǵĸף׾õҲһۣôûгϢĶأ
ϳǻҪ˵ЩʲôѾûȤˣ
˿֣ͩҲѾǿԼսˣ֪֣ҿ¾еˣ
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ϳǱǰ֣ҵıҲǴҴȥ
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ˡ
ڱɢ֮ʱһӰ׵ĸǰ
׶һƣ΢΢һЦ峤ô⡭
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ֻЩֵǣһô֪Լߵģ
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ˣ²ˣ
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ʲôˣüʵ
ˡȰˡ
ףϴŨص֮⣬Ҫ֪֮ǰǧĲҪúȥm
û뵽黹Ƿˡ




3831  ʮʥŮ
 

֣Ҹ֮ۡУ
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֣ҼΪսҲǴ֣ҵܲΧ֮mһۣ
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Ĵλ羳ǿߣ˵ݵȷҲǳĺˣ
ټ׺ԼĿǰаλ羳ǿܹԿm
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Ѻסڰɣ׵һЦ
ʮʥŮԼˣԵԼˣ˷ǰmδκεϵ
ʮʥŮȻߣȻҲҪͨ˽һЩˡ
ţʮʥŮԼ϶ΪĹעġ
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ΣʮʥŮӦҲǳʲôϵġ
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mڣ
ʮʥŮףҲһǵĿס
ֻһ̣Ѿǿڵȷֵȥһˡ




3832  
 

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ʮʥŮͷ˵໹Ŀ԰ﵽˣΪһֱҪƷؼҵĽɽԺܶҲС
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վĽǶ˵κεʵ֮ܳΪ
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ԼĪʱ֮󣡣
һ𣬹ȻʮʥŮϣһʥŮ໹ʮڵĸˡ




3833  ŵʥŮ
 

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ǣȻ˵ɱǰ
ȻЩţΪػ߾˵ʮֵǿ
ǰ֮˳Լôյmأ
ʮʥŮЩµ˵㣬Ҿʽһ°ɣλǶ
˻һ
ɫѾǳ׵ıˣ




3834  
 

ף
ʮֵĻ𱬣Ҳܶᵽˡ
ػߣ

շĴԼħȳ
ٲȻһҪm˫Եĸ֡
ʵϣ
һֱҪһλֻû뵽֮ǰĬĬţȴڶʱڳɳ˵ز˾վԼĸǰ
˵ǰ˾ף
þʵҲڸһӲmɣ
Լ̫ˣĻҲôİɣ
ʮʥŮ峺ֲαװԼĴ۾
ʥŮкβ𣿡Цһ
Ǵ޵ػߣһʵ
Цһ˶ѣʱҲû뵽Լһˡ
ô᣿໹ЩŽɣʵѾ߰˷ˡ
ʹӸղŴ˸Լ˵ȣԼôЩ̫򵥡
ֻôҲû뵽ȥļһﾹȻǿߡ
ЦһˣñڵʵϵʥŮǵmķˣ˵׵ǰ
ǿߣΪʦȻѾǵ˵ĸ߶ȣôԷƱأ
ҡҡͷֻ׵ʱǾһĲ˼顣
ʮʥŮЦһ˷mӦ֪Ϊʲô˰ɣ
Ĳ֪
΢΢ҡͷʵĲ֪ʲô顣
ʮʥŮЩ㵵Ѳ㲻֪
ǰһˣһʵ·ͻȻĺܡ
һԴȻһûΪǰ֮˾ףҲûⷽȥ롣
ô˵Ѿmˣ׳ʵ
ͷѾͷǵӺܴ֮ǰ޸ʱ򣬱һҪmѰû뵽ȻȥԺֻˡ
ǰҲΪ¶أҲΪʲô뵽ԭ򡭡ʮʥŮ̵
Ŷ԰ʲôæ𣿡࿴ףҲ̵
׵ͷڱҪȷǣʥŮվ˭һ
Ȼ˵ĿϲǱҲûκκˡǸղ˵ģصɱҷҴ޸Ҵ޽ɽ˱޲ʳ⡢Ѫ
һ˵صʱҲҧгݵĺܡ
ộ˵ԼĻһ³һĸо
׵˵ڶĴm鲻̫˽⣬뱾ѾΪʦѣΪԼҲոĴޣ
֮ǰּԱľģһɵģǴܹ汾ķкĻǷǡҲϧģ
࿴ף͸һӵļᶨ֮ɫ
Щ棬ôˣصΪһֱɱʥŮ
׿࣬ҲЩɻʵ
ʵϣ
༴Ĵ޵һŮɺصȱŮ
ݣôҪһǰŮأ
˵ģԼҲǶ˰
һԵʮʥŮˣΪ㳤ʵ̫˰ɣ
ʮЦˣصɲʲô챾һ˿òΪںô
࿴ʮʥŮҲ֮ԱǵЦŵ
ڿſ϶ԭģֻԭ˭Ҳ֪ѣ
׵ͷصȻı˵˱ԣһŮ˾ԲܳΪǰ·ϵϰġʥŮܹص춼Ҷ涨Ȼʲôεԭɣ
˵ûصһֱδԱ֣ãʵϾΪҪõܣ
࿴ףҲǵ
֪ʥŮɷ͸¶һ׵ʵ
ͷʵmĺȻؼҺıܶĺöȴ˵ģôĺöٿǿһϡ
ôţʮʥŮ㵵ʵ
׵ǵͷ޵ش縻֮أһģҲûеİ
鱾԰㣬ñ˵ⱦزĵصĻȻġܹﱾѩޣ
࿴ףҲҧҧ
ɽ
û˿ԥֱӵͷ
һ㶣漴һЦȻ֮ص첻ǿһ
ʥŮڣڵĵ֮ҪʥŮΪڰһ¡
׿࣬һĿĿǺ
˵ܣĺð̫ˣ




3835  һе
 

ر֮أ
ûʲôȤر֮ضԺĴ޻һ֮£
Ƕڵ˵ûκεİ
ĪǸر֮أԼŮ˾ܹƽˣ
Ȼˣ
Ҳ֪ڵĺΣյĸʲǺܸߣϾص첢һܹʳӣ
ʱҲΪķɣ׵˵ֻҪܹﱾͺǱ𣬱ǣ
ʥŮ˪֦ĺܡȪ֪ȻҲǿԺЦȪ
׿ȻȻı飬һЩжˡ
һŮˣ踺ô꣬ʵһֱڵȴŻᡣ
ЩʱðԻźص졣
ò˵ŮʮֵĴ֪صҪʲô
ԼòصҪľеĲر֮ء
ֻҪһ첻˵صһҲͲܺΪ
ʥŮͲĳһʧܣʱǣ𣿡
ǣôȥˣ¹ǣֻǱ֮Ҫ޵ɷá֮ˡȻˣһθҲǶġ
ֱԲ˵ڶģ
ΪһʧܣʱصŮ˳⣬϶ǻس͵ģ
㲻ǣǸҲûʲô̫ˡ
صԽԽûˣ֪ԼӦҲǻ˶ˡ
֮ǰոħĴڶΪ֪֮صѾǸоŨصΣС
һ١ٶƺصĻôӭĿ϶ûеڶ·ѡġ
ʥŮԱûİЦһ
¶һ˿΢ЦĻһЩģĻô˶ݵʱշôˣֻһ㣬ƺ̫嶯һЩ
Ը꣡
ʵ֪Ҫҵ𣿡
ڵȷôģĿǰصӦǲɱġʱһ´mʥŮͰȫ𣿡Цŵ
ţĺܡֻΪһŮˣһҵŮһômԼڲˣ𣿡
࿴ףҲ¶һ˿ʧ֮ɫ
˵ʵ
൱ǴmĵһˣһֺܴŮˡ
ЩעҪġ
ײӦýԼľڶŮ˽棬Ӧ÷ȫԸصϡ
ԼŮmȻ͸ֱЩ
ʣ׵˵
Ȼ֪ʣΪʲôҪѲ㽫ħ򡢶֧һɴm֪ǵ³
ȷˣԼİ֮˶ˣҪ⹬֮λкã׵Ŀһֱࡣ
漴סˣЦһǣ㻹һӣⰮɽ˵ȷܹµŮΪ񡣿һȴһϸ䲻𣿡
ɣɱھ޿ĿԼŮ뻢ڣοʥŮô֪ھûʲôأЦŵ
֣ǻᰲοˣǴm˵޵ĴڡĴĿĻǺ뱾æأ
࿴ףҲ΢΢ҡͷ
ʥŮǰﻹǲأЦһʵ
Ϊлͷ·𣿱Ķעֻѹˡ
ûа취Ϊʱ䲻ˡ
˵޻һܹȼһ˿ϣĻô˳ײˡ
Ȼ׳嶯ͬҲǺ׵Ϊ
ΪһŮˣ˭Ըİˮ֮أ
Ȼ˵ĻǱлʥŮˣ׹ֵ
Ըһѡ񡭡࿴ף
ʲôѡ񣿡Цʵ
˵ʵΨһпƷؼֻ֮ˡԴӱĽǶ˵ϣ񣬴ʱ֮жͬⱾ˵ǱھͿԽر֮ظ㣡
࿴ף֮Ҳǳһ˿ڴ
ʥŮ˵ˣһҪȵġʥŮԸĳĳҲΪʥŮġ׳
ôôľǿЩˡ
ʮʥŮ㣬˶µ飬û˿Ըıġ
Ǻðɣ֪׼ô죿
˿̧ͷΪĵľ״ô
ѲҪֱͦͦĳȥ˲ɣ




3836  ڳֵĺص
 

˿̣
໹ʮʥŮǶǿЩڴ
Ҫ֪׼ȻӦԼļƻġ
ǲ֪׵ļƻʲô
ҪӽأΪںһmҪ뿪ϼˡ
صԼŮȥ
޿ܣ
һ׵ʱռϷ磬Ϊصеһ롣
ҲΪʲô֮ǰ˵̫嶯һԭ
࿴Σκʵ϶ǿģΪҪǵĽɽ
ƫƫˣҲ쳣
ڣΨп׵ôˣ
мƻһмƻǰǿñڿĻһжǿ̸ҪǿоˣЩѶȣ
׿࣬Ҳǵ
ͷǿо˲ЩѶȣǸܡ֪Ĵĸֶ𣿡
ʱԽ׵˵
ĴĸֽУҲȫ˰ҪˣܶʱֻһΣʧȥ˿ʧȥıУ
ʱǲȰ׵뷨ʱ׶Ȼܹص졣
ڵһʵִ̫ˣִٵԼоޱȡ
΢΢ҡͷʥŮͲȰˣŵνںصУԶǱڵһ⣡
˵Ҳǣ壬ʱ±Ϊߣܴɣ
ͷ˵Ҳеġ
һԵʮʥŮһ䲻⣬Ϊ˵ҲǶԵġ
˼һո빬ãӦڴ֮ص졣ҵҲûл
ʲô᣿׿࣬Ҳʵ
ص쿴϶ŭѣԱ˽⣬һʱ϶ǲܼģǵĻᡣ
ʥŮ˼ںصǰʵ
ҡҡͷǴƣǾôȥǸͶ𣿲ʮӦ֪صһϰߡ
˼ǰ캮ʮʥŮʶʵ

ʥŮĵͷȻʮʥŮ뷨һġ
Щʵ캮Ǹʲôģ
캮רŹѺm׵һط֮ص춨ȻҪܿˣ
Щƶ˵캮Ǳ߲ϣӽĵط
ֻҪܹñڼһоͺðˣ
׳ֻҪܹ뿪
һ뿪˴mǽͺðˡ
mڣص̫ԣⲢϣ顣
ˣ캮ϿȥûκεΣգʵΣءʮʥŮһѵ
ʥŮҲǵһλҪˣ˵һɲǵĹʬ޴ˣ
ԽȫĵطԽΣգԽΣյĵطԽȫü
ڴmȷǲϤĻҲ˵ı
ǰ֪ô죿ʵ
ʥŮmɷɣ׿ʵ
ͷ캮ҲнȥȨصΪֺñȨҲǹġֻҪmʲôطȥġ
ʮʥŮ㣬Ӧ֪뿪ҹһ̣¾ͻ˸ˡ
ǰʵǷǳΣաһŲ̽䣡һε˵
̶ѨҲôһ𣿡Ŀ⳯Զ˹ȥ֮дŵ޾ļᶨ֮ɫ
Ȼ£Ӧкξأν˵ĶעѾȫѹϣûκε·ˡ
ʮʥŮʵӵûκε·
Ȼ֮Ҳǳ˵֮ɫ֪ԼڵĽɫλ
캮
ʮʥŮڵĹرԶǰʮʥŮס˺ܶĹע
ͬгȥʱ˵עһεļǵϡ
ǵ߸ŽˣֻеҲһ㶼Եͻأ
˭֪m׾أ
һ·ϣ
׵ʶϵɨΧоһ˿֡
ΪδʲôΣգɺҪʵ̫֪ˡ
صֻҪɵȻ֪Ŀǰ˵Ҫԡ
ֻǵʮʥṲ̊캮һ̣ȴܵһɱı䣡
ʱĺվԶϴһ˿ı룡
һε̧ͷȥʱ򣬷Ǻص츺ֶںǰԶ
״ˣڿϼˡ
֮͸һӱϲӵĳɷֻ֣ǺصĿȴ˵ϡ
һ۹󣬺صһεĿ˺ޱ飡
˭Ҳ֪λִƴôĳǿߵЩʲô
صţ༰ǿߣһǼˣ




3837  ŮԻ
 

캮ڣ
һƬ̹ǵϢʮʥŮǶû뵽ԼľȻôɺϣ
˿̵ɫЩҰףóоԼСѾһ벻Լˡ
һ׵ݱ֣ô¾ֻʣɱ¾ˣ
صղһƳ˲һ׹ߵĸо
ֻǺصһ֮㳯ԼŮ˹ȥϲ֮ɫ
˵
ҲǺص켫Ϊõһֺصϲһ
ɺصôҲû뵽ԼŮȻ浽˵ĳ̶ȡ
޸ף
صе֮˭ܹ֪أ
ΪһڽΪ˴һЦ
ԭͲ̫ƽԼŮǳ׵׵ĴԼ
ԭصΪԼŮȥԺͲڻˣ֮ԼڼΪ۹Ů˭Żˣ
ɺصôҲû뵽Ĺ򣬺Ȼܻˣ
ص֮ǰδֱӽ캮֮󣬹˴ŰʱŹ
˵ֺԼŮأ
ص첻֪ʮʥŮΪͻȻߣֻڹ֮Ҳûʲôñܻġ
Ҫ֪ǣԼŮôģ
ΪͻȻ캮صȻмƽϣȴż
״ˣлб𣿡
صͳдԣȥһޱȵĸо
֪ѾЩЪ˹˵״ˣͷǰɣ
ͷǰʲôǰǸԳػߵС𣿡صŭһ
״ˣŮԼ˵ĹϵȰ游״˵ġźص죬Ҳǿధ
Ǽ޳ȥŮóȥˮŸСӼꣿ֪ΪСƴˣô꣬ôرģ
ص쿴źҲŭһ
Ŀת֮дһ˿״ˣػߣһŮŸ״ӦҲ֪ˣ
ΣҲ죡Һصһ쿹ΪľͻһһݹΪУ
ص쿴źҲЦһ
Ȼ״ıߣΪβѭأ
ҵ֮˱У̸ص쵭˵
Ǹ״˲룬˫սҴҪͿ̿ˣ
˿һĻµĸоֻǶĺصƺЩ޶ԡ
ź΢΢ҡͷ֮ʣȻܰʲô¡Ҫסһ㣬ɴߣȻСڣΪڿΪⲻ֪Ǹֵһ
ᡭȻ֪ĸסȻĿԼĸԼķ˵̫ˡ
˳Լջ
ص̾һԸһλᣬֻҪϹ˳׷Ѱ֮ԳΪһΣ
״ˣÿ㵱նɱӦ𣿶ѾΪѣػߣ𣿡
˵û׶Ȼܸص
ǴκεĽǶ˵ǶûкĻ
һ
ǵĽ֣ȵʤʱĳһ˷Źһˣ
ȻˣҪоԵĿȨΪˡ
ǣѲҪñ޹ȥͶû£
ص쿴źҡͷ
״ˣ֪׵ʵ֪Ļһôֹۣ
΢΢ҡͷѾ㹻ˡ
Ȼܳս𣬸Ӳܸߺص죬Ѿˣ
һëͷСӣڼΪʵһЩȻʲôνػߵȥ˼ͷӾܹΪΪ𣿡
ص첻мҡҡͷȻδķУ
ܶ໰Ů˵ģֻϣ״ܹŮһȰ
Ǹߺصڤ飬ľͻˣ
ֻǺ֪ײڤԼĿǣȻ׶˵Ӳ˵ˡ
˵ʵһȷǳ嶯ˣڣ
ֵϲ㣬ǱͿûгˡ磬ڴmϲ㣬²ȵģ
صһֻ֣֮ƵֵɱúѾ֪ˡ




3838  ˫
 

״ˣʲô˼
ʮֵĻţⲻһȦ׸
ײ꣬Ǻ֮Ҳ͵Ϊֹˡ
һο׶༪ˣ
ԼǿĸףʱǺԼ֮ǰĳ嶯ˡ
ص쵭˵ΧᣬĪΪɵӲɣ
࣡
ĺһķ֪ܶʵסԼĸף
ֻû뵽Լĸ׾Ȼ˵ľһδǷɢǰû뵽ջǱ¶ˡ
ΪһδǰеָӣҲһĲζ
źصȻѾ֪ˣѲͲ𣿡
ǱĴӪΪҪ°࣬˵𣿡
صĿȻ֮תֱ࣬ӳķһץȥ
һ̣
һεӡֱӳźصķ˹ȥһźۡվĸǰ
󵨣
һ£صΧ˲λ羳ǿߣɱ֮Ϊ֮һ
˲䣡
λź֮ѾǱΧס
ص쿴ŶǸˣЦһ;йŹ֣Ȼ࣬㲻㾹ȻôԴ
ص죬㲻Ҫϵܶѣȷĸ㣬㲻ܵõģ
࿴źص죬Ҳ
صЦ˼Ѻ캮Ϣһ֪һЩ˻˼ֻǱû뵽ȶ˼࣬˵׵ʲôϵ
ػߣĴ޴֮ˣһԹ֮Ҳôֱػߵ֣
һѾĴ㣬ֻû뵽׾Ȼˣ
Ѳ֪һԺص춯֣Ҳȥ
һδɵСӣ߳ô꣬δСıοأ
صעϣֻһһεķͻ䣡
ԭֵסصףһѾֱסĲӣ
ʥŮл½
ţ
صüͷһ壬ЩȦˣ
ԭΪ֮˸˵Ĺϵû뵽ǰһ̻ҪֹԼ˺ˣһѾǿ࣡
ƺ˲ᣡ
㡭Ǳ޳ܣ˵ñ캮ˣǻһߵ㡭㾹Ȼ
ٺ٣ЩҲֻʥŮԼˡҵȷӪˣ㲻һѣͿع᲻ˣ
׷һЦԭҪµġ
ôҲû뵽ص쾹ȻҲڳһ˲͸ˡ
ģ֪λŮԼˡ
Լκεô
ǺֻܽƾͼƣҲǴϻޱȣҪȻص˿̾Ȼı飡
࣬һֱҪƷλػҪЦĽ𣿡
ص˲ƺһЩʲôһЩϲ
ɫ䣬֮еһĨһǱص׽ˡ
ֻǺصôҲû뵽ʱ˵ݵһϷ룡
ҲΪǼˣԲԵʮֵı棡
Ϊ˴ﵽúصŵЧһĶˡ
༸ӣص漴ɫһǴmΪӵ𣿱һλᣬʥŮ㲻
ص죬ôɵĻô˼˵ĳڵأ΢΢ҡͷ
ֺƭСĻص쾹ȻҲ˼ó˵
ص쵭˵಻һǰķ˶ѣҲֻһʱ̰ɫΪв˱𣿡
ص㻹˵ϹʥŮѾǽегˣҪĶҶײм˵
߱Ȼ߱Ǵڱûκε尡
صֵʮν翴һ㣡
ʱףĸıԼߣǺҲ˭
Ȼоǰ֮ЩϤΪֻҪɵӦòһ˶Ӳmġ
ֻǺţ˭ԸðôķӲmԼ
ǾҪع᲻òöһʥŮˣ׿źص죬ϲ
㵽ҪʲôͶδm֮λ
ף׳Լ֦
ع˵ЦˣֻһѡҪôʥŮҪô´Ҽˣ
׿źص죬ҲǿЦ˼
صһתãӦ㣡




3839  ೰
 

صӦˣ
һĻҲǾЩ֣˵һٻһᣡ
û뵽һﾹȻӦˣҴӦô죡
ı
֪ŵĿ϶ı
Ĺؼԣźص첻֪ܲġ
ΪʲôصӦˬ죿
׾һ˿ĲԾ֪ĿǰȳΨһĻᣡ
Ĳر֮ضںص˵Ϻһмˣ
ʵϣص϶ҪõģĻҲ˵ĺΪˣ
عˬ죡
׿źص죬ҲЦһ
صһЦǻ໻˼ɣ
໻ˣĪǺعΪӽˮ𣿡
ʲô˼㵥ǹƥҴm㡣㲻Ҫһ١ٶƱ
ص׵ĻҲŭ
عΪҶɵӣֻһ˴֪һǾͿ޼ɵˣô˵һĳⶼûˣ
׿źص죬ΪԽ˵ɵ
һѲ׻úвص
ʱص϶֪ȫǿʱԼ÷ȥأ
صЦһǲ֪ΪΣԱ¿̸һ̸
Ҫ
һߣһ
ʵϣ
ԼmѾǺˡ
˹Լ֪ǵͬڷɶ˻ˡ
֮ǰôԵĻҲᴦôһΪľ治
Ȼ˹˵㻹ϵĵġصɵȻ
׿źصعǲóĻֻˡ¼ȻֻǰȻѾ˿׼ˣ
ôصһ׵ʵ
¶һ˿ЦݵֻҪʥŮͬһͬmǱˣ
Ǳô֪㵽˵㻰㻰أصϴһ˿ʵ
ʼǲ˺ˡ۶˫˵㶼׬ģ
׬ҴmӦҲ֪ڱҪԣ
صֱԲ˵ûҪ뿪˼
ڵһУǲί߶ѣ
ŭ߰ɣҲҪȣȥףҺˣĹ
׵΢΢һƺһָԼζ档
źµʹǾȳˣǷ˾ȲҲûлŵıҪˣ
׻ǹݰΪ˾һŮˣȻһλ羳ǿߣݳް
ص˿Ҳǲò̾ǹ֣
ʵϣ
ȫԶԼ˺ԼŮȴ˹Ⱥ
Ҳǿһв
ص쵹һоǾĶԴԼġ
˵ʵԭ׼ú׳ֵġ
ڿļƻƺЩˡ
Ȼˣܹɱһλ羳ǿߣҲֵˣ
ƺعûκεĹϵɣںعôǵģ׿źص죬Ҳǵʵ
صԥһԣ˴mɲϷ˵ĻǵʱɾͲҪֱˣ
һоƿ֮У
صʵѾǲ޵ȻҲ֪һ˴mʱܻᷢܶ顣
mԼĵ̣ʱĻҲǽһ򾡵ĺûᣡ
صʵû뵽׻˴󵨣ʱ򹥴m
Ҫ֪mΪصĺ֮أͿ׵ĸԼˣ
Ȼ˶ݵʱڷչôѸ͵ĵزȷǺصû뵽ġ
ɺص컹û̫ӴˣΪ˸Լһġ
ǴĸҳĻȻȫնɱ
عΪһ֮ôһû𣿡
׵ĳ֮úصɫĲһ˿ı仯
ʲô
صԼҪȥģΧΣ
ʱһɱһնһ˫Ҳˣ
дm֮뿪
صĻ쳹ԭվߵļλ羳ǿ߶ݺݵĶס
źصĻҲǻÿˣ
һֻס࣬һֱֻӽӵ˻С
Ӱһʧ캮֮ڣ
һɹɱǿϢһ̴˷еķȻ׷ȥ
һ̣
׵ӰѾǳ˴mΧһƽƻȥʱ
ͻȻ֮ҲǷ˱仯




3840  ع
 

ס
˿̣
һ˵ͷը죡
صһŭֱΧסףǴһ˿֮ɫ
ͬʱ
ƺ⾪֮ˣ˷׷̧ͷŴmϿտ˹ȥ
˰֮Уӵź
оЩ֣ȴһϤĸоӿͷ
ܿ죡
üͷһ壬뵽һԸʵ
ôôɵ
֮дһ˿Ҹ벻
㲻Ҫܣ㵹ܵı˭찡
ҡ
ЩҲĭһӲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ָס촽ˣûйʲôֻǲ̫ԼĽѡƺҪǰһЩˣѾˡ
Բ𡭡
һ˿ˮ֪ΪԼԳ׵Ĵ׵Ľ࣡
ǵֻ֪һmԼʱůĸжѾǽ׵ڻˡ
ôˣһжֵõġ
֮䣬Ҫ˵Щ𣿡Цһ
ֻǴʱ
ĺصƺܵһ˿ĲͬԼŮȻɹ˵е飿
Ȼܣ
ôֻһֽͣҲо˼һֵֽͣĵ죬Ȼһ˴m
ȻԺص˼άò̫ܣɻһģ
˿̵ĺص첻֪ӦǸÿ޻ӦЦˣ
֪˱׵ĻղžӦֱӶˡ
ΪνĲر֮أһв
ȻԸϣòػ߶Ӱǳ֮
֮ǰȷΪ׶ȻգܵΪ˿϶ɹĳˣ
ڻȷ׵ݣصоЩˣ
Ȼˣ
һѾǱΧסȷҲӦЦˣ
ܹ˻׵ĻǶԼĴm˵һĺϢ
̤Ьٴȫѹû뵽˵ո˵ʵúĳѣ
صеȷЩˣǻλĻȻð֮¡
׿źصЦһ˵㻹Ǳڵɣ˵Ӧزǣ
𣿸ղű㵹ǿԿǿǣǽһţǱһˡ𣿡
ص쿴ףȻ¶һ˿Цݡ
ѾӵԼֵʸˡ
ֻǺصƺЩ̫߿ԼˣΪ׼ûĽ֡
۹⣬һޣ
΢΢ҡͷڵҲһ飬ɴ˿Ϲ˳ͳʱҲ㡣ֻͳҲҪѭġ
źص״ˣѾһδ׿ԭ㣬ѾǼΪѵˡ㡭
ߣҪԭ𣿡
صԼŮ첲յҲһ
ô˵ûˣ׵˵
˾˵ĵȻúصоһ˿Ĳ
֪׼ȻܹôĵȻ϶źֵġ
ֻԼĵ̣ҲûκεĵǾˡ

ںص쿴пһҲ˵أ
ص쵭˵ԹһɽݶһҲģȻˣ¾֮ˣ
عŵĺܣֻǱһаﻹп֮أ
׵Ļ֮У͸ŵҲһӵǿᣡ
󳬼ǿߵĶԻ򶼱ɫ
Ǹڵ𣿿ȥᰡ
ȷĺܣ֮ǰ֣նɱ¼λǿҲʮֵĲб
ҴҪ˰һλܹҴδƣ
治֪һﵽȻȥmֱư
ѾһƬȻܶ˶֪ص첢ͳ
ôͳΣѾǲһ˿ūԡ
˵ػߵһӦǸֵ֧
ȴֲֻᣬƺػ߸û̫Ĺϵһ
Ȼˣ
ҲǴmôǱĬúܶ˽ȴνػһ˵

׸صӲܣ⵹úܶһֵֿ̬
׹һˣúܶǡ
ôʵҲ
Ȼ֪ײܾôʵmƺҲЩİ
ৣ
˿̣۷׷֮ʣ
һһӰҲǳ׵ߣνİΧȦڿȥһЦһ
ͻȻֵǿߣصɫҲһ䣡
ڴʱһ֮ɫ
ˣ¼峤¾ڵλǿ߾䣡
һúص˵ɫǱֱ䣡
Ϊص֪£֮ǰһֱæں顣
ͻȻ֮جģͫҲ͵һ




3841  ʵԵȣ
 

ʲôˣ
ص첻ڳȻԼúܶݣѾϸˡ
λ羳ǿߣʲôʧ
һ̵ĺص֮һʹġ
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صѾǴһ˳ΪmĸҲǺصܣʵոҲǲ֪飡
ˣ¸׼ࡣ
ص忴źص죬Ҳǹ
ȻֵܹϵصѾǽϦͬˡ
׽ĹϵҲǾǳˣ
壬ô°
ص쾡ԼԵƽһЩϾҲֵĸСˡ
ʵϣ
֪µ˲Ҫ֪֣֮ǰıͼѾĿˣ
ˣġ
˵꣬صͼ򵥵Ľ˵һ顣
ֻǺص忴׵ΪĸӣһʵЩֲĺܡ
ص֮Ѿ޾Ӱ
֮ǰƹȵһΣصоԼ
ʵһʼڵĺصһţأ
ˣ
صһεĿӵʱʵǷŵġ
ص֪֪ˣҲܳ־Լ磡
ο
ǺؼҵĵϣӲ˲ǣ
꣡
ص˫ȭ߬һĴ֮
ɱˣҲк𣿡
ص쾡ĿסԼȻѾ棬ȻҪסԼһ֮ķɡ
׵Цһعǻ˵Цͱ˸۸ˣҲع汾ֹ
һβðʧǰб
صһ֪Ϊʲôһﵽڶ˵ĵˡ
ǺعΪأĳް̣֮
ǣǺġҲʮֵĽ£
ص쿴ף˿̲û
˵ʵ
ҪһսԸǰҲԸϺ
Ϊ˵ķչǱѾɵˣһϣʱ֪ӻᷢչʲôĳ̶ȡ
粻˳٣
ȻעҪһսһսԸǰ
ֻмһƺһĬˡ
ˮȻ֪վһսһսôҲû뵽ǰ˵ĵز
Ĺ׾ҪԼĸһռԾ
һʤ˵һԸ档
ǷҪ֧һĻĺĻ֧ףΪҲֻܹô޸һ¥
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ڵļλǿҲϤϵϳԭǴԼĸҪǰ
ֻǴmٻѾīֻǸı˵·ǰm
īmǰʱȴڳ
ԼĶϳΨΨŵŵģīȻԵûпڣ
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صһһĪĿ־塣
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ޣ޵ڶˣ
ԭīΪ췴֮󣬺ص˿϶ֱǰɱ
أ
ص컹δҪ˾һսʱ˼ѾǴˡ
ֲ˹
īסԼĿˮԵЩš
Ϊһһòĵһ㣡
Ϊ⼸ˣҪ𣿱߽ӽʮλİ羳ǿߣ߰˾ŸˣΪܹ
صЦһ׸һ
ԿЦһ
ߣǲ֪ߵغ񣡣صЦһһﻹǲ֪ߵغ
ȻһߵĸֶѾˣҲûʲôñˡ
ںصΨһ뷨˴ˣ
ڼأ
һ£
Ӱ׵ߣӰĳ֣Ȼ󲨣
ص˿̿˶ˣҲһ
ŷұûһѾȷˣ
ֻôҲû뵽һͬɱĵˮȻҲȻУ
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һֻ㱵ĸо·һ̻صǺؼΧ˴޵ĳˣ
ȻϲģΪΣ
صѱ쳹ֻ⵶ͽˣ޵ȴͬһ㣡
֮лҪˣ
ŷұӿźص죬ҲǸֳһĨŵЦݣ
ʵϣǵǽǶЩǡ
ΪһǴҴҸΪľʲô⡣
׶û뵽Լʦ͵ܹ
λȸ֣ȻҲǻˣ
Ƕ˶ѣĴλ֣ͩͽټߵλҲʮһλ羳ǿߡصЦһȻڱöȿʲôѹɡ




3842  ص
 

ѹ
ǶԷ˫ϲܹ֮Ϊѹ
صߣҲֻʮ߰λ羳ǿߣ˵ѹѹǲܵ飡
ֻǿ֮ĶƺѾϢˡ
һ̣ܶ˶סҪһеô£
ڴޣ
ܶ˶úصʵһmûкأ
ڵĴmѲûк
Ȼ
Ӻصŵ֮У˱֪̫ܣ
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ȻһϷ룬ϷѾҪˣΪѾȥˡ
㣬õģ˼Ȼ˵򶨣Բʲô̫ʧģ
ʮʥŮ࣬Ҳǰο˵
ʵϣԼҲʮֵĵǣϾǣĺֹһˣ
⡭ЩǴðģô֪
׼ӦʮʥŮʱںصıѾðʮλŴmεӡ
Щһ£·Ǳʿһ㣡
ֻð⣬һֳǵζ
ЩˣȻص˿ó֣ȻѾǿĴˡ
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ڵǿߣ˵жأ
࣡
ʮʥŮҲĭҲпһ£
ͻıʣ˳׵Ļ
ʮʥŮЩֵ˵⡭Ҳ֪
˾ô㶵ĿԶϿգ˿̵ϿҲǹһĻ
вףܹͷǰĻҲǿԿǸһ·
ص쿴ףҲһ˿ζЦݣ
ʮ̫
ǺصӣҲǺصһֱڶŵһڡ
˵ʵ
֪ʮ̫֮٣ܺصܹôã˵˵жôǿˡ
ںصóһûκεİ취ҲҪЩm˵
ʮ̫Ҳǲս
׿˿֮ǰѾ֣ͩ˵ˣҲν˵
Ȼʮˣ˵Щ⣬һлƿ֮У
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οصɲûôҵս
㡭㾹Ȼ֪ʮ̫
صһʱͳźصķ˹ȥΪ˺ص˸֪
ص忴źصģҡҡͷˣ޿͸ȥġ
Ҳûĺܺ棬㵽ô֪ģ
صҲЩ𾪣ֻϻǱֵĵݡ
һﾹȻ֪Լʮ̫ĴڣڻǲŲæģѲڻʲô̲ɣ
ɴ޾ôǿߣһǷޣҲʲô˰
ô֪ģѾҪˡҪ֮ӦҪһսʱˣ
׿źص죬鵭Įһ֮սƺ޷ˣ
ҴսޱؽͿ̿ǲˣҲ޲ɣ
ص˿һ˵ӣЩθڡ
źص΢΢һЦص죬˵Ҳ´ͷһеĻôܺޣڲΪ˲ҷѣ
ף㲻ҪƲԳԷƣǿϣѾЩѵƽˣ
صɲ֪Ȼˣշ˵Ļٶڴ˵һ޴
Ȼ¼˱նɱշǰʮλĻǾǶ֥ϣ
ټӵػŵߣʱܹ²¹
صһ١ٶãҪԼǿʵ׵ıԼԸóѡ
ع֪֮ܶڵи飬֮һʤ˴޵ǧ󣡣
ʵǳʵ˵ģΪôʧصĻôĽ̾Ҫˡ
صҪ飬Ѳ׾Ͳ
ڵҲϣصܹȻ򡢻ͷǰأ
˵ЦˣǼڱǿǰΪ֧ŶٵĻغϣοֻҪ룬ȫԱʱǾıҲѳȥ
ص쿴ףҲԴ˵
ԼռôƣһﾹȻҪԼһʤɽ
Ѳһӽˮˣ
һʱ̣Ȼܹ˵Ļ
عϲ˵ڿɲϲ˵عٻǴ޵һ֮Ǳʵ൱ɸҴӦ
׵Ĵ̼ʵһΪ˺һΪ˱޵ʵ
ܹСĴȡʤǽǺһ飡
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ص쿴ףϷ˲мЦݣΪһõ




3843  Ȧĺص
 

صЦ
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һһĬĬ֮ڶʱھۼǿصôӦǵ˼ˣ
أ
˾Ȼҵô˵ʴʣúصŭͬʱ־øܡ
ƵصˣǶĿԼ
֮
ȻܹźܺõƣЩʱԼĵ̣ǾͲһЩ̫˵顣
صŵǣԺ󻹵һƬ£
׸Ѿǭ¿һĿʼˡ
ֵģܺ˳ųų棬Ļ㶨Ȼĺܲң
صһȻĿףʮλ羳ǿߣǶ֮һǿ߿Աģ
սģΪعͲҪˣȻڸΧѾǱڲر
ΣֻҪɱ㣬Щ˲Ǵѣ
ص첻м˵ʵҲ֪׼ȻˣͲһ׼ûУ
ҪΧЩ÷ԼʮֵĿЦˡ
ڲõʵϳ㻹ĲѱڵˣȻعĵˣǱڵĵҲ㿴ˣ
׿źص죬Ҳ
ƣ
˼һ̶ףΪǾ˵뷨ص˲࣡
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֮ǰصһðʮ̫ʱѾ𾪲ˡ
Ϊʮλ羳ǿߣ޾һ𺳣
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ʮʥŮ׵һεĳôĸֵʱһļQˡ
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ʮãԭȻصôû뵽̶⼸ĹѾǴﵽһ󼰵ĸ߶˰
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Ǳ׸ֻ̲Ǳ˸̲
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ͷǰôˣܹǼ˱ˡܹԺǵţҲҪĶ鰡
˵ĿһεĿգ˿ǵĿ֮͸ŵһϣ֮ɫ
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⼸֣ѾΪǵʣ
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ηηֱ飬֪Լжôʹˣ
ڵīãʱܹͺõĻ϶Ǿ˫˫ͬġ
ΪѾڸʲôʲӵ˰
⡭⡭
ص˿ҲѾǽˣǰһĻ׵ˡ
ֻЦһعΪûʸ񣿡




3844  һսǬ
 

صˣ
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Щˣֻһɨ֪ʵ
ʮλ羳ǿߣֱǲб
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׵ܼ򵥣ǺعˣmԳڱΣ
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صЦ˼Ǳʤˣǰڵ˶˳Σ
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ص֮֮Ҳ˵Լ뷨
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˿̣
mһ˵ȣôĿ״ǵӹֻȴûκεֹ
һ˵ĶԾܿ콫˵ĸǰ




3845  صĵ
 

֮ϣ
ŰmϿգѹֵϢһִĸо
˭֪Ǿ˵ʱˡ
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ϣһεĽֿһЩԼĸܹˣҹ˳׵棬⽫һ²
Ͼ
ԼҲ֪ԼmԲ˳
Ǻ飬׻Խ޴һʷǰĸ߶ȡ
ףܹսʤص죿
ŷұӴ˿̿ףҲЩǡ
Ȼ֪׸ܹһսɺصŷұҲ̹ġ
߳ɵİգͽҲ֪м䵽׻ᷢʲô
˵Ļʮֵıصģʵûôսأ
߳ɵİղˣֻӦ֪صܹô꣬¾ô򵥣Ϊʦ
ŷұӿףҲ
һԵĺ״˵ʵԶǱɽô򵥣㵽ʱһҪСһЩźá
Ŷ׿źЩɻʵ
״һֱǱҲδǿ̬κĶսӦ֪һսҸ״ˡ
ʵȺصӦòĶ֡ȴնɱһֱҵеδ֮հ
ŷұӵͷģԸӵзȨ
һԵĵˮ˵ص쵱ʱһΪķڵʲôҲֻеʵ֪ˡںƺ֪˶Ѿˡ
ôа
ҲЩüǺص첻ĶֵĻôⷴΪʤ϶Ķ֮ġ
ԼľһǺصƵķĻ׵ʤһӾҪ̫̫ˡ
嵹֪һЩ
֣ͩʱһεվ˳⵹Ǹһϲ
һԵļ˾ô㶵Ŀ֣ͩȻû뵽֣ͩȻ֪صܡ
ΪصŮԼҲ֪ܵʲô
֣峤Ȼ֪ŷұҲǵɴʵ
һԵƲҲЦŵ֣峤鱨ķǳĲֻǱЩ棬֣峤ô֪ģ
ɱѾἰˣͲһһ׸ˡղ˵ʱ򣬱廹û̫⡣пܾǸ
֣ͩ׵ˣҲǼ
Цһ֣峤ĻŶȻǷǳĸߵģ֮ǰλӦò֪ʮ̫ɣ
⡭ȷ֪ΪδֹŷұӵҲǵͷ
ţ֣峤ҵģӦҲ֪ɣһεĿ˺ʵ
ͷҵȷ֪ʮ̫ĴڣΪ״˵ĺܶǶ޴ӹʡ
֣峤һ˻ǱȲ˰ŷұҲ˴Ĵָ
֣ͩŷұ΢΢ͷżȻ֮żȻ֮
ˣ֣峤˵˵ɡ׵ҲԵЩص
֣ͩԥһ֮ǰǵط˺ص쵱ʱóһö죬죡
죿ŷұɫһ䡣
ײδ˵ȶŷұʵʦʲô
죬˼޵ֻѾϹʧ˵Ǳĳλܴ˻硣û뵽Ȼ
ŷұӿףҲ
üʦⶫ
ŷұӵͷޣȡ֮֮ﰡ
ص˵ţӦ˰
ǰһοҪС˰ŷұʵ֪׵ľֻҲ֪ӦôȥȽϣ
һսվ޿ɱ⣡׳ĵġ
죡
߼˶һӰֻǿŵģҲֻĬĬܹȡһεʤˡ
ףǰ
һʱʱܿȥ
صһһѾǰȻվ˴룬Ԩһһ̷·£




3846  ̽
 

֮ϣĿ
˽֪һλľǴҪʱˡ
źصһ˰Ȼܶ˶Ҫ֪׵ƾʲôǰλƵĴ޹
ݴǴػߣֻôǺص칬Ķأ
ǰصʵնɱˣ¸ӿֲˣ
Ҳһôͷ𣿡
ôһεĴ޿ҪĿˣ
Ⱥ֮Уߴߴţ
˿̣޵鱨ԱҲĿɿڴĿǰһС
˭Ҳû뵽һ׵棬Ȼô鷢
Ҫ֪Ŵޣ˴֮ⶼŴ޵˼
ôڴް߲֪жˡ
ֻ˭Ҳͷѡ
ص쾪չʵѾǾЩˡ
ɵǿոڶʱҲչֳ˾˵ʵѾˡ
˵ʵϲǱϿôļ򵥣ʵɽʵ֮ϵʵǿ᲻ֹһ
ȻҲܹļơ
ʵһµĸо޵鱨Աƺڰҡ
Ҫĵ˳ͷĻʱ´޻δǵĴ޶пܱˡ
˿̣
صһһվ֮ϣ¶һ˿ȰЦݡ
һԾվ˺ص֮⣡
ȻԶף˿̷·ֻʣˡ
ףʲܽüġҲŮ
ص쿴ףһ֮ġ
˵ģĿշػߵĻԺǺؼ˳ˣ
׿źص΢΢ҡͷع㲻ڵĻ˵ЩЦǿԵĻڵҪȰȰعˡ
㲻ϧǿɾ͹ֲñˡص΢΢һ̾
Ҫ֪һΪԸˣ
ǽչֳʵĻȻԳֵġ
һ֮ô׵İεأ
ְɣ
Щ̧ͷһۺص죬Ҳڷϻȥˡ
ˣ
һ񱩵ʶѾǳ׵ķѹ
ص֮ӵżǿĹԣ
ͬʱ
Цһ֮ҲѸٵصѸٵصһ
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һ̣
һһ鵶Ѿǳ׵ķϮ
֮зһһ
Ӱѵ
Ǻصľѧ֮һӰѵصټ١
Ҳ̶ĶԷһ취ΪÿһεĵֵҪġ
ֵ޵ĵ棡
ֻ˵ƺûʲô̫вʶҪֱʮֵס
ߣû뵽Ĺѧ˲٣
ص쿴һֱڶҼﵽ˾׼ĳ̶ȣҲЩ߳ŭ
ӰѵȻǺصǿľѧΪٻ˴һв
ںصУײĶ֣
΢΢һ̾عôżĻȫԻܱڡȻûôܱڣͲҪϻ˰ɣ
㡭ֱ
ص쳣źصһĽҲǽвУ
˵ʵಢ£ǳ̬ġ
˴ϸһ졢ʵҲǺ顣
صһ̬֮Ҳһߣôȥûʲô壬ҲǿѡȻעҪֳһʤǱʶһʲôʵ
عǻװģбɱֺαزҴأЩ˵
صɫЩѿߣ˵ʵƾģĲñʹСֻ챾ڲ˷̫ʱѣ
صƲѣղŰĹ˵Ļ֪̽ǰһӦʮֵѲ
ʱ֦Ϊ֪һԾζʲô
һΣԼľеʱǱǶȡmʱ
һΣԼҲû뵽һоȻԭ
׵ģصϸֳһĨЦݡ
ûʲô̵Ļôȡýĳɾأ
عЦôģĪΪԼʤȯˣЩĵʵ
ֵģ֪ʲô־ˣ
صƲһ˿Цݣ죬ѹ׵Ķ
֪ı飬صҪһı顣
źعһ죿ڻҪʶʶǷд֮еôˣ
׿źص죬˿̵ĺصӶQˡ
źص˵ӣ׸һ֪һ㣬úصЩˡ




3847  죬
 

㡭ô֪ģ
ص쿴׵ʱ֮д޾ľ֮ɫ
ôҲû뵽ԼͺǱ׸ǹһ㣬ȫûܿԡ
һֱΪԼصʮ֮ãڿһЦһ㣡
عڱûʲôܿԣ׵˵
صһ֪ΣΪӵóڵ𣿼Ȼ֪ˣǱҲˣ
ںص˵Ҫľʧܣ
һﻹͷĻǵʱص춨ȻҪնɱˡ
Ϊ˵Ĵڶص˵һв
ȻԼŮˣУǵһλġ
Ȼӵżв˴ڡ

һѾǳ˺ص󣬷·Ϊһһ㣡
죬ֵһ̣ױоһĪѹ֡
޻ǾɣȻɷ졣
ĻģһЩСֱӵҲδ֪
𣬴һУ
ص۹֮ðһ˿Ѫ֮ɫпʼ
֮ϣ
ԭ쿪ʼģڿвϵҡڡ
ںصߣһΪӰӲϵĸǰ֣
ÿһ֣·ڸصһ㣡
׿źص첻ӵ֮Ҳɢһȡ
ѾǸö
Ȼ֪ⶫԼľһӵĳɫĿǰⶫӦҲȾˣ
䣡
صڲϵ˿̵һĨȻΪ֮ս
عʲôôô̵ʱ˵Ѹͣ
˭֪عղŲСţ
λڿѾ֪ô˰عҲֲ̫ˣ
ʤѶԭҵȻΪҪأڿϵ
һ˿źصʵϵҲһ㵲ѣ
Ȼǲ֪һеΪʲô
ɶ˵˭ʵǿǾ֧˭Ϊ޵պػָҪ
Ҫǣ޹ûʵޣ
ʵϣ
֧֮ܶ׵ģϾ״ŵͳ
ػߣ൱ڵ֮
ʵҲǽһʵĵطΪһػߵݾҪΪmףܣ
ûʵǾֻа۸ˣ˭ԸԼ֮˵ǰ̧ͷأ
һߣ
ŷұӵ˽ŵĿϿգǵΪĵǡ
Ʋŷұӵ˵һΡ
֪ĻҲͲˡŷұ΢΢һ̾
һԵĵ̬˼ȻȥӦðպܴҪ֪֪ص»ȥġ
񣬼ϲòŷұӳ
ʦô˵Σˣĵ֮ɫ
׻Լĸףϣ˶ܻ
֪ܲ
Ψһп˶ģǱ׼һ
ԼĸռϷĻҪȥϣãˡ
Ҫ֪Լĸ˵Ǳں
ŷұӴ˿̿źҲǼһ˿ЦݵױֶοɲֹһҲ̫ģ
ЩҰο˵ţ׵ȷвٵĺöϣһܹͦȥ
صʵôʱüͷҲЩǵ˵ʱôȥ
һӦҪ쵽жôĻصҪôҲǲ̫ܵģ
ŷұ̾һ֪Щ̣صȻʲôʡ͵ĵƣ
ʱķݣ˵ĴҲ˵
˿̣
صԭϵ˫Ҳǻˣֿһ˿Цݣ
ʱҲС˺ܶ࣬ܿ죬Ҳˣ
ֵģԭģܹñ죬Ӧþˣ
ص츺ֶȻעףӸ£
΢΢һ̾ڸعö죬ǶĳҲûʲô̫в
ĺܣǼʶ̫ˡȵ֪ʲôѹʽĽˣ
ص¶һ˿ĵ飬żȻõʱҲ¶֪ġ
֪ӵžѾǶһĶָˡ
ֻҪԼľһӵĳɫһЩ
صʵಢȻҪıԼһЩ

Ϊ˻ڵʱ򣬺صƺѾǰͲסįѾ׵ķˡ
һʱ䣡
·һƬ֪սʼˡ




3848  ץĺص
 

䣡
֮Уһը죡
ȭͷƿյֱڿбը
ֻһ̣
ȭͷѾֱ׵ĸǰ׵Ȼȥ
᳤һ˸оһ׾ͽҪ类ˣ
ѾסԼ˫ۣҿˣ
޴ĺը죬ȭͷʵʵĳϵΪ֮һ
ֻһ룡
һεĳ˵ķȥʱȴ׵ĸǰѾǶһʯ
Դʯ
һǳ˺صĸǰ˿̵ĺص۾յĹԲƺЩǰһУ
һʯȻҲֱӽԼǿһֵסˣ
ǣعսѸͣôûడ
׿źص죬Ҳ¶һ˿Цݡ
صɫһ䣬м˵ߣһʯѣΪܵסΣȥɣ
䣡
صѾǶһƷһöĳһֳĸо
ݣ
ڳʵһ̣ĵѾںص
һ˲䣬ձĵ
֪ԺصڵʵǼûκεʤ㡣
ģ
Ψнصĵһĳ̶ȣĿʼ
Ϊһܹ֮άһСʱ䡣
ǸʱصǳǿʢĻǵ
ʧˣ
صۿԼĵ˷ӽףҲ¶һ˿Ȼ
Ϊʲô
ΪʯǿҲֵֻܹסһĽѣ
Ľνиɻܶ㣬ܶ㵽ʲôطȥأ
ֻúصôҲû뵽ǣֵļһﾹȻһɲʧˣ
Ӱٵ֣ʵ˸оֲ
ʵ˵ǿȣҲûа취֪һĴڡ
˿̣
صĵ棬ͷӬһڿĻӻ
׷·δһ㣬ʵϴ˿̵Ѿǽ֮У
ԭǰ羳֮ɱ֮һȻ׵ô˵ĸǰչ֡
գһһĵϯκһ˿ķ϶Ҫء
ԼһһεţصʱҲһֲĸо
ߣͷڹ꣡
صţ֪׵ȥʲôط
ֻһ룡
صͷѾǳһǰĽ
һ
֮Уһ֮У׵Ӱ£ֱӳźصķ¾
޷֮£صҲǱĳһ
㻹ĺܶ㰡
صסֻһɻĺܣ֪һղŵôʧģ
ôһֱȥĻʱпܾͱɱˡ
Ϊ֮죬ԼǿԸоõġ
һһأ
صȻ֪Լ֧Ųٵʱ䣬ϣսپ
׵ĹȣһֲԤУ
Ѱ֮ˣѾǳΪԼĵˣһȴɵĶԼ͹
úصʱҲǲһ˿ΣС
ع֮սͬѣ˭˵أЦһ
ߣҲ쵼޼ǰ𣿼ֱЦص֮г˼ơ
΢΢һ̾ܲ쵼޲Ҫĵ飬Ҫĵ㵽ܲӮ˱ڣ
ֻ֮ˣӮֻ顣صҴ棬λػ߿ɸ뱾潻սȥĻ˿Ŷ˯ˣ
ǣعļЩ̫ͼˣ΢΢һ̾
ҲңôϻǲңǾ͵û˵
ص쿴ףı鵹ʮֵĵλ
ˣݱܷâҲδɣҪĵ
ʱ
ƲҲ֪׵뷨Ҳ̺
һսӮΪҪڵʲôֶӮѾҪˡ
صѾǼ죬׵սԵøӵҪˣ
ͷڹҲֻܴͷڹ꣬Ʋû뵽ֵ֮󣬾ȻҲôųˣ
ص쿴·ƲҲǱӵ˵
عͲҪڼˣҪӮڣǾóʵ
׸Ǻص죬Ϊ֪ʱûг죡
صҲǱѣܸоһȭͷ޻ĸо
Ƶǣ֪һﵽʲôķȥԼĽģ
ص첻ٷϻ֪ϻȥҲûκε壡
һһأ
֮еģúܶΧ߶ָָ㣡
ֻĳһ̣
׺Ȼ֮ͣһ˿ааЦݡ




3849  
 

ʱһһţ
׿óص˿̵̬Ѿˡ
иɻķص̬ôҲû뵽Լ쾹Ȼá
ôվţ뺣һ㡣
ԽôȥԽľսȥĻԼĴ⣬ûκε塣
ֵģ˶㻹ʲô
صıŭѣôһ˷֮⣬ҲûκεĶ
ǣ֪ʲô취ԼȫɢһƬռ֮У
׿źصһЦع֮ܿҪֳʤˡ
ͲҪܣ
صڸκεĶ
Ϊ֪һԼĻܿݽߡ
Ǹʱ׸
ôʱ䣬عƺҲûʲô̫ʵĵطȻ˵ĻôӦֵĳ˰ɣ
׿źص죬Ҳ¶һ˿аЦ
ֵ֡ˣߣ㲻
ص׵Ļûκεĵǣ֮һ㣡
ôȥԼ챻һ˰
İɣġ
ˣ
׻֮ʣһöټѾǳ֮䡣
ܿ죬öΧ㱻ĽƣɷǺÿ
Ķ׵Ͽգܿ죬㽫׸׵İסˡ
ص쿴ǰľ֮ǰ׿óһӣھĵȴš
ΪڵѾûʲôڽˣҪȫעļԼע
ֻҪһ￪ʼԼôʱлһɱ
񹥲ֹ֮󣬺صԼҲҪһսˡ
вҲ
ǺصҪȡһ
֮䣬ǾҪ׸һ㣬ڴʱ׵Χ
ûãǾʧһƬռ֮У
װŪ
ص쿴ףҲǲмһͼԼ̼һͼ׵Ľࡣ
ΪѹҲ֪׵ڸʲô
ֻһ룬ѾǾԼ֣
һź֮֣豾һã
һ̣
ƺ˷׵ķӿ룬úصоһǣԭЩ˲ǿֹ
֮Լ죬Ҳһ㶼
ֲ֮ǰһﲻϸԼӲҲŸԼ
Լ֧Ǿһ±Ǹˣ
ˣ
صıŭѣôҲû뵽֮˾Ȼ˵ա
ֲ֮ǰһһֱӴܣѾʼ֮ǰԼĳ嶯ˡ
˭ǴmĹأ
ԼĵϣôҲһͷڹһĵҴܵİɣ
ص죬ӱһԣ
׿źص죬ϳ֮ɫ֪Ӧǵβʱˡ
źصСģе޷潣Ѿǳˣ

һХ񱩵Ľϯ
˿̣
֮ϣܲ
ص쿴׵ζˣҲЩŵѿڶһ
ںص컰䣬ԭ֮ʧ
Ƕʧͬʱ׵ӰѾǳ˺صߣ
Űֱںصը죡
أ
ײռ·ɾǿ˺һ㣡
һ룬˵ƺѾǻ˸
ߣֵģ㵹ǹ̵İΪľûһķôЦ
Ȼ֮䣬ص¶һ˿Цݡ
һǿӹɣĺصʵҲʮֵĿֲ
ղŵһһЩ˺˺ʧȥս
ݣ
صжһöҩöӲӵĵҩڵĻҲǾ㵲ѣ
𵤣
϶źصеĽ𵤣Ҳ֮о
ô⣿ŻǼ飬ܵľЩá
ܹû˴СֵĶⶨȻǷƷˡ
ϳ𵤣缫ΪļƷҩ֮һ˵Ǻصʹö𵤵Ļôһʱڴ޵е״̬Ʋ𣡡
޵У
üͷһ壬û뵽ص쾹Ȼ˵ĺö
Ҫ֪˾˵ڵʱġ
һܹ֧һʱĻôʱ¹˭δ֪ˣ
ܹ֧Ŷ೤ʱ䣿һʵ
ݼأӦǰ㵽һʱ䡣ϳľӵʱ仹ҪһЩ
˿̣
źص컺̷𵤣׵ѾǷٵš
˵֮ǰΪԼȲʤȯĻôʧҲֻһ֮ңˡ
ǲСλа
粻صʱڵʵ̫׼ˣѲԼľҲ˽ⲻɣ




3850  Ҫˣ
 

֪һֱܣ϶кֵģû뵽㾹Ȼ˵ĶʵñЩĿ࿴ˣ
ص쿴ף˫ҲЩŹ⡣
ϵĺö̫̫ˣԼû𵤣ľҪˡ
Цһߣһö𵤶ѣ֧Ŷã
㡭㾹ȻҲʶ𵤣Сˣ
صпһ£ԼеĵƶǱһˡ
ԭҪ׳׵ı˳
һӱˣЩˡ
׵˵ʶĶɲ٣
Ȼ˵ԼЩ飬˲żüãҲνˡ
ߣȻ֪ʲôйɿѭġȻΥĹɣǱҪ۵ġţĶҲ֧Ų˶೤ʱ䣬񱾹һ㣡
ص쿴ףͼ׵ҳ
ȴһ㶼ûκεĽŵһĹܿᵽع֮䵽˭֧ŵľһЩ
㡭
صһεĿһ£ӣЩ
𵤶ûõĻôľûпõóֵ
һǸʱ򣬿Լ׸ˡ
ҵˣعɣ
װ򶨣ʵԼҲпԣĺص쾹Ȼ޵е״̬ôеĽǰ׷ѵġ
µǣڵǲãҲǲϵŵġ
ʲôİ취ܹúص
һ֪ԽãʱԽǲܹԼš
˿ںȲʤȯġ
һγ˽֣
һߣŷұӵƺҲǿ˲

˲֪ߵǰ˿֪ġ
ӵű޷ƥеĺôҲɱ˵һ
ⶫΨһĲþǾʱЧԡ
һǸʱ䣬ʱŴֻҪһ˾ܹȡ׵
߻ر֮Ȼ̺Ÿ߷գ
һ֮ȷҪǿһЩΪԱ֮Ҫò١
ȻںصҲڲϵţȴ֧˺ܳһʱˡ
֮ǰŵʹԼľģû뵽ǣ龹Ȼ˵ı
ôˣ
ˮŷұӣŷұĵĲ
ͬΪǿߣϸ΢ı仯Ӳǵ۾ġ
û뵽ص쾹Ȼӵ𵤣ʵû뵽
ŷұӵѹʮ֮ͣҲΧļ˿ü
޵ǰ˸źԶŷұҲǲʲô
𵤵ȷǸöⶫֻ֧һʱᣬ˵ˣƺʲô̫вɣ
ˮŷұӣҲЦһ
ѾεռȨˡ
һŷұӵĻ̾ʵʦ˼Ҫˣ
ǰĻױذɡľֻ֧ŰĹ򣬶𵤵ʱЧٿԴﵽ㣬ֻҪ㸸׺صһᣬױûз֮ˣ
ŷұӵĻֱúɫɷףһԵĵҲǶͷһ˿亹
Ȼû뵽Ȼ̵ֻ֮ʱЧԡ
ˮһĭǡô죿
Ϊ֮ƣλҪô׼ˣ
ŷұӵ֮͸һӾ֮ɫ֪ײܳںص졣
˵ĹǣֻҪ׻ţһжϣ
ˣǱ˵ϣˣ˿ͷֱˡ
ŷұӿֻбסףǱסϣ
͡ûİ취𣿡
ˮԭΪһ׶Ȼʤȯˣû뵽˾Ȼֳ۶ӡ
ۿ֮зһỨԭԤĽˡ
ոһȸģƺеĶѾǱŷұӵһˡ
׻ʲôĺҲ˵ء
ŷұӵĻȥǷһ㣬ʵѾԼ˶壬Ϊľһˡ
ܸܲеİǻȻ֪ŷұӵĻڰοѡ
˿̣
˼ŵĿų˿ˣ
ֻһ̣׵ͻȻ֮䶯ˣ
֮һӰ˲ʧ˵֮У˽֪ľսѾҪˡ
صǸֳһĨЦʱȻϣ׿Խ
Խ࣬ʤԽ󣡣
֮ǰ׵սѾǻֵıص
ףعأ
ΪҪصʱȴصѾʧˣ




3851  ܻ
 

صʧˣ
û֪ȥʲôطúܶ˸оһķ˼
׵ǸֳһĨЦݣܿصһεĳ˵ĸǰ
صһγֵʱƺ˸Եı仯
ص쿴ȥѾûʲôȻŸֵķ緶֮еһĨ֮ɫ޿־塣
ڸոգصƺʲô֮£ڵһγֵʱûлع
ʵϣ
׸ղһ뵽˾֮УΪ֧ŲһĹ
ϵţһҲѵľء
ɾ֮ʣԺ֮һƻ
Ҫ֪ʱǿһһǧ
Ҳ˵ֻҪصڵϸӣͬһʱ䲻
صãһԭҲΪֵļһﲻ֪׸ʲôһ޵Ŀռ֮С
ȻǸռһصδ֪ʲôʱȴԼѾһεĳ˵ĸǰ
㡭㡭
ص˿ѾЩ˵ˣȻ֮䷢ڸո̷ȥ𵤵ҩЧѾǳ׵ɥʧ
˵ڵ׸һ棡
صеĲʺ֮ԱĺҪ֪ղŵ׷ʲô
׵ĿһۺصعʤѶбҪȥ𣿡
㵽ôģص쾪ֵѾ֤Ļš
𵤣
ΪطĶȻ˷ˡ
ʼ˼ܣȻҲбڵܡĸףڿĹ㡣ֻںعӦҪ׳Ƴ˰ɣ
ߣʤ֮䣡صŭһ
ô˵عҪˣüͷһʵ
صЦһǵһο޳֮ͽҪ㣬ó汾³У
ǣع䲻𰡣˱ˣ㲻Ҫȥܱʲô취Ӯ㣬ֻҪ֪˾ˣ
Цһ˿̵Ѿǳ׵ռ
˵ʱؼҪ˺ص̡
ֻû뵽ص쾹ȻӢ۵棬˵֪ܣ
ֵģȱӵֶӮʲô£Ȼ˲Ǿݹֱˣ
ص͸һӵķ֮ɫ
΢΢ҡͷعһˣ
ţ
صһҲŭӿΪӮľȴ˵įܹİ
Ҫľһ
״ˣҪ
˿̿Լ׵ķ֪һԼĸôˣʱԼûȥʲôˡ
صЩվô򵥵ġ
˭̤ǰһշ򣬱ţ
׿źصҲŭˡ
ΧЩ֮ˣһ̤Ϊ֮һ
׵һ˱īгԱˣڻп˵
Ѿóռ˾ԵϷˡ
ʱ׶ȡ˴mҪԼԺĳ·ˡ
ѲҪźص
īúصȻǿ׵ǰƺһЩ
ľܣһ֮ʶˣ
īʵϼһ̶ǲǰһ
ī
صȻǿīһˣ˼
ˣ֮ıȶδչҵҲܲа
īԼҵɣԼЩԼˡ
㡭𣿡صŭһ
ص˿̿źصҲʿˮ磬ղſǶĵİΥ治ֵοҲ۵Ů
ص壬Ҳұѱ𣿡صһɫѿ˼㣬īķ⣬ɺصŭˡ
صȻ̰֮ȴҲܹóڵΣ
ѲҪźصһȥ
ص岢Ը⣬׷ȨûдģѾǺؼˡ
Ϊ˱ؼҵʵΪԺĶɽʱĵͷҲбҪġ
ο
ؼmȷҲǵ͵֮˲
úúãһסǵģҪͳͳϡףǺˣһڼʱ򣬻ˡmʱˡ
ص沿˪Χ˲һƬ
׿źصЦ𣿡
㻹סźܿǾͻڼģ
˵꣡
صƾʧ˵ĸǰµֻһ̹ǵĺ⣡
΢˫ۿźصȥķûʵ
ֻģ́һ̣źַˣ
ˣ
mѾΪ˼ȶʵ




3852  m
 

֮ϣ
ԭֵ˴˿Ѿĳ
Ȼǲ֪ΪʲôصֻʶӣǶóصѾ;ĩ·ˡ
ִǬ
ֹ
ںصӴ֮ʣһɽХѾǴ
֮󣬽ĺ֮ܶ˶ǳ׵Ĺ

˵Ѿǽһµ
òϵǣλʮֵֻͣǺܶҲЩǡ
ǾǺص׵ôĶʱըָһǾͻͺصһε֡
շΪԼã²ֹҪ顣
Ļʱ޿»ģ
Ȼˣ
һжǻ˲˽׵Ļϣ˽ףǵĵľͲ׹֮λˡ
׿һɽХĳݣҲǵһЦϣλĳޣͬˣҴ޲֮ʢ
Ը빬˹ͬˣҴ޲ʢ
˿̣˵УѾһ꣬޵ˡ
һ֮ǱǴһޣ
Ȼܶ˶Ϊ˵ŹûʵĻ˭֪׽Ȼ޴ﵽһ󼰵ĸ߶أ
ƮȻ뿪˿̵ĴmѾǳ˷
صԴӭ׵ĵֻ˭ҲûзֵǣԭߵЩ¸ѾɢӰ١
ǰ޹æˣѾǳˡ
һˣ´m
ǰ޵ҲǿĿɿڴΨһߵȴѡ
ԭΪ뿪˴֮ǽһţ
֣ӭĻһƬգλǿ͹죬ڴѡ
ӭˣ
صһȺվ˴mĸǰȻԸϣ׵ȷʸˡ
а羳ǿȫ֮غ򣡣
׿źص壬ֱ˵˵
֮ҪһЩˣЩ˶Ǻصľɲ
ײˣĸƤ
׾õİ취ѪסˣҲֻܹ׵Ŀסޣ
ʮλ羳ǿߣһʲƵԴǲõĻǿϧˣ
ڼǿߵ飬׾ھͿʼ
ص׵ĻҲ񣬲Ǹûѡ
صʧܣЩͬʱҲúؼҵѾ
Ǻؼ֮ҪĻôֻܹίȫһ·ˡ
ڣΪֹķˣúصܹȫؼҡ
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ʮλ羳ǿЩĿףȻҲ֪Ҫǡ
Ǹ֪ҲܲǰĴˡ
˼ҲԼˣѲɻǲɣ
޵ĵôЩˡ
λĳҲλϻ̫ˣλÿȡһξѪ
׵͸һӲɵǿһҲǻһۣ
صƺΪǵĹǣӲͷƤˣ֪ҪҵȾѪǺ;
λûκεĻˡ׵˵
ȻûлǹҪҵȡɣȻѪָЩѣȴҲʲôġ
ص仰ʵϾ͵ڸӣʱҲûбҪƭǲ
ֻǺص岢֪Ϊ˸ǩѪ
ԼĪĹ򣡣
Ѿ˶˵Ѫ˳ɹǩѪ֮ҲƲѣ
ˣ⡭
ص忴ףɫʮֵѿȻѾ޷ˡ
׵˵ѪλûκεĻⲻ֮һ϶ѡȻλǩˣ˵ĻȻҲˡ
ˣҵȶ߾ȫˣǣ
ص֪˵ʲôҲˣ
һħһɣ
Ѿˣ񲻹˸ӵĳһЩѡ
֮ǰʵлŲСС˼ģϾصδǾԼϣ
ʵϣ
ߵĺصпҲôģΪ׵һ޴
Ǻص쿴εĻ޶ˣ
ǵȺصһεĳ֣Ҫ߶Ӳˡ
˿̣
޸Ѷźص˳Ϊ׵ˣѾǳ׵׵ƿ֮С
ͬʱҲ½½Ľ˴֮ϣ
޸ֱ仯Ŀʼ
׶ԣҪľȨ»֣ҲΪڴˡ




3853  ̫
 

£
mĹ֮λ棬Ҳڼ֮ɫ
缮֮Ϊһ֮ʷٶ֮ˡ
ЦһλҴ֮Ӧ۹ֻ֮͡ǰҪʣʥŮкλ˵
࣬ʱվʮʥŮߣվߵЩʥŮһҲǺ䡣
ǵʥŮˣ׷ͻ
˶ݵʱڳɾΰҵܲţ
ʮʥŮ
Ϊ˵Ŀ¾Ҫˣ࣬Ҳû뵽׾Ȼĳɹˡ
Ȼ黹ʮֵصɱ֮ûб
ܹصߵĵ̸ʮֵļˡ
Ҫʲôأ
๪ֹĪҪɷˣ
ʥŮǰm֮ķˣ۴ӱķǶҴmҪ֮ˡ׵
࿴׵ģֻҪؼ֮˸ϳmǱ˱ԸʲôĲѾںˣ빬ˣɽ֡
ɽ֣һ㶡
ЦһֻһƧ֮οҷǵ飬Ը
κһʥŮܿڡ׿࣬һ֮˼
λʥŮӦǾԼλʮֵΣôҲΪܹΡ
ȻҲ˳ˮˣʵԭİŲˡ
ȻڵĻȻҲǴ˼
ڱ֮ǰҪֹһܣǱǹ޵ĲƸȥΣ
࿴ףҲǻܵ
ڳ֮˾ԱĸʥŮܿڣ
صҲĸ𣿡û뵽ôĴ⣬Ǻص˽Ϣߺصأ
ϲƸҪ˵Ŀڴ
֪ܶ޷ͣ൭Ȼ˵ĻԺʥŮǸ̸ɣʥŮһ顣
ֹ˵
׵ʥŮȻѾҪ֮ǰ˵ǱҲҪһʥŮƥﻳӵ˾ܣ뿪˴mк³ɣ
ЦһֹԼǣֻǱѾǿһˡ
ʥŮǰ޹µΨһˣʥŮ˵ĻǱ¶ˡ
ʵǲ͸֮ǰײ࣬ʵҪܿܶΡ
ҪȻʱ򣬱˻ΪԼɫء
ںصϣѾܾ衣
ڻˣԼԲԼķ
лذֻǡֻǡ൱ô˵˵
һԵʮʥŮ㣬ʲôֱ˵ɡ
¶֮ɫǱ
˵ô˵Ѿʮֵˣ˶öġ
ĳѾˣѸ£ʥŮΪҴm̫󣡣
Ч֮ǰɽ۳ģʽ˵Ҳһء
Ǳʲô̫һˣȻɢˡ
ң̫󣿣
࿴ףܲ׵˼
׹һЦʥŮΪѣ˵ҲӦˡǰm֮ķˣҵҲͽm棬ҲǼΪİġ
á
˿Ҳվ˳ֱ˵˵
ʥŮͲҪƴˣοȵҲûعmǺѣԺҲ̫Ĳ𣿸οﻹһôĵط
ֹҲЩԸӡ
ôȷ̫̫ΣΪҪǣ뿪ԼϤĵطˡ
Լķʶ֪మĵط֮ء
۴ʲôǶ˵඼ϣ뿪
û뵽ǧmΡ
ͬʱôˣǾ͵˵Ǽ̳ͳ
¾ôˣҵһ´ؽ֮Σ׿ˣѾǽĳ˴mΪĹ㳡֮ˡ
һƾ˰ţ
˺ȻӦǣŷұӵƺ̫ģɸȴʮֵҪ֪Լ˵Σ




3854  ְ
 

ؽٷϴˣ
һǰƶȣ׶ҪƷֻ֪ȨļУܹγǿ
ݣȻܶ˶йУĹȴһ
ͱ˵ޣʵ֮ǰڵĺؼңǳΪƺһġ
ȴ֣޾Ͳһ
޵ʮֵľˣȻʵֻ֮ǿһЩ
սȴǴ޿Աġ
Ϊʲôܹ׾ٵ´m
Ѳصûһս֮𣿵Ȼǣ
ԭ׵ѪԼ֮صҪǿ̫ˡ
ҲΪˣײܹңսʤ֮
ص֮ǰ˺˫̸֮õأ
صֵܶоЩȥֻҪ棬ȴҪȡ壡
صˣʵϲڹؼʱ̸ס
ҲΪʲô׶ԺصµʹѪһԭ
̫ʹûɣҲûô˼ȥЩ˵ĻǼ⡣
ĸ
׿ΨжԴ޽һγ׵ĸĸܹô޳Ϊ޼᲻ݵĴڡ
޵ĸ֧ƺܳʱûʲô仯˰ɣ׿һԵĺص壬Ҳǵʵ
ص幪ҲϮ֮ǰmʽûʲô̫ı仯
֮䣬ҲǸΪս׿źصʵ
޸Щһһֱˡ򼸺иԵţǵһĶֵϣҪȾָƺҲǲ̫ܣ
ص忴ףҲʵʵ˵
ǲΪǺؼҵıĺüʵ
һԵֹҲ֮ǰ֮ʱҲˡһǸΪսʱ̣ǶȻһΪõġ
ǣ˴ʲôأ
ŷұӿֹôҲһֱôġĻؼҵҪı棬Ҳǲ̫ܡ
صЦһԼǣҺؼҲǿһ㡣mźܴȨģҵҲνˡ
߱˭ִƣ׿źصʵ
£
ص忴ףҲƲѣѲһҪ߱
ڵĺصҲνˣԼ˼ҵˡ
߱
׶صĻ֪һЩֻӴĲǺܶѡ
߱˳ͻҲǿó߱Űĺܡ
Ǻû˳Ļֺ˰һ˵أ
߱ʲôģüʵ
߱Ϊmǿ֯а֮ڣص
֮ڣǿ߶٣ʵ
⡭ǿҲǧ֮ڣص̻ص
Ȼ֯ҼɱȻҪһЩżˡҪôɾӢеľӢҪôҪѾΪ𾳵ǿߡ׵˵
߱ײ
Ϊ׿֮߱ǰ޵˾Ƶá
׼÷ӵĸһЩȻˣ׾Բ߱
ǣһص׼ŰƱ
΢΢ҡͷǶ˵ЩǶ˵ġ
򡭡壿ô
ص忴壬ʵЩ̫Ϥˡ
ֻһЩȷϣϾûļ塣
Ҫ֪ǿǴȨĴ֮һҲǴ˾ָʹ
ָʹӴԶΪıͶȻ˴mȻҲøָʹһ²ǣ
׿һ壬Ҳһļ
֪׼ȻǿҪԼϱˡ
л̧Ժ߱ǹϵǿ˫ֱȭ
װڰֵطֹңӢţ
˵˼ף»ȥ֮㿪ʼ߱һù⣡Ȼ֪׿϶ϣ߱˾İ衣
ѾǳԹһοˣȻٳԵڶˣ
ǳʱڵзǳֶΣmһЩС֮ȻҲҪƶ𡣱Խգ嵣߱ص˸֮
һ߱Ƕˡ
ص쳣ôҲǸ
䵽˳ΪһˣܹȫؼѾǷǳˡ
Ǵ޺󹬡ʥŮȵ»ˡ
׸ոͺص˵Ѿǿһߡ
һΣ׵ĶǴ󣬽һ߱߸˵




3855  ʥŮ
 

m׷ӡ
ʽĻ֮ҲǴ۵ĺܣһεĶʮ־޴󣬵Ƕ̫̫˵ˡ
Σ
˭ƿžԵȨʸȥһҪˡ
ʮʥŮ֮⣬ʥŮȥɫЩ̫ãΪƺҲԤ֪Լδˣ
Ͼ
Щ˵׶Ǻصˣˣ˼ֹܷĵ?
룬ʥŮѡҲкܴȶ
οЩʥŮһֱȨôԴ½Ĵm˵һв
ԼȻҲԺͻȻ޶ȵϸĸΪľܹȷm
ʮλʥŮ˾ְȴҲһɢɳ֪λΪΣ
׿ΧǰˣǺصˡ
ص˿ȻЩʧ䣬˵ͱȫ˺ؼҲ
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صǩѪھԼˡ
صˣʥŮҴm֮һݶʥŮְλҵҲպ«ưѣ
֪׵ҪȡʥŮְλʲô
ֻܹģɵ˵˵Ҷ˵
׵˵ȻݶеְλҴmȻҲ⣬ֻΪʥŮһɢɳϣ罫ЩԴ׵
ԼǣܹĻǶҴ˵ȷһ£
صһ˵Щɵĸоһж׵־Ϊתơ
ָǴ򶫱ߣָȻ
һԵŷұӵ֮ǰڶʱʥŮ֮ȷѾǵݱĵزˡһŽΪ룬ʥŮĴƺûʲôҪˣ
ʦ𣬲֪ʲôõ飿Цʵ
ŷұӐźʵܼ򵥣ȻʥŮޣǱߴӴѡʥŮι⣬ǿԳһʥŮ֮רŻЩʥŮ
ʦ뷨ͽıϰҲΪʥŮȱĶ֮¸ԳʥŮ֮ĻڱС
ҲǵͷǺŷұӲıϡ
ŷұЦһΪʦҲһ飬ȻֹĳʥŮѡҪˣϾڴ˵ҲһݵλԲ̫͡
ʦѡˣЦŵ
ŷұӵͷΪʦΪʥŮʵѡ۵λĵһˣλ硣Ҵ޵ִ̫ʥŮȻ֮еˣ
һԵĵˮԣĳҲǲҹͬʥŮִ̫ƣ̫ȻΪҴһ̫˵ʵڻݿ빬ƽˡ
ΪʦЩǷˡ
ŷұˮĻƺҲǸоһ˿Ĳס
Ǵ޵ĵһʥŮڼǵʥŮĸʵҲ˳µ顣
ɸոѾΪ̫Ȼֻһɵ˭Ҫӵİ
˵ĻҲǸϽѵֹ̧ѾˣʥŮɡ
ʵ˭֪ʥŮȨж
˵ĳΪʥŮĸĻν˫ˡ
һʥŮڴmĵλѾǿ֪ˣôʥŮһ˹ʵ˵־ԺҪΪתˡ
׵ļȨƣȻлɺôҲԶ׼ġ
̫ΪʥŮ֮£Ϊ׵׵˵
ǡҪ˵ʲôѾǰڰʾ⵶ͣµҲ֪˵ûдԱһȫİ취¡
ȫİ취Ҳǿס
׵˵ʥŮΪȨĴڣȻҪ̫ĳ棬һɸɼɡ̫ΪʥŮͳܸڴСʮʥŮΪ̫󣡡
׵취ܳ棬ȴܺõĽ֮ǰ˵⡣
һشĻֱӿøƿȫּɣҲҪ̫ġ
οʮʥŮΪ͹ϵվ￴ոһ㣡
ʮʥŮʥŮڱݻ⵹Ҳʡȥײٵ˼
޵ʮλһ߱ͳһ軤һְ
ڴŻʲôʱֱӽЩҲǹ߱һͬ
Щ޵Ļһ۵Сֻۣʧޱȡ
״˿̿ˣΪȨͷϷȨ




3856  ĸ
 

ˣĿǰǴmڲҪ֡ϵҲˣֻǡ
ص忴׼Ž飬ҲǺһǰ
ômк£üʵ
ΪڿǴޱȨ⣬û뵽ʱصֳˡ
mڲԱˣʱصʲôأ
ֻǺص壬ʵһܶҲ۰Ͱ͵Ŀס
ΪûĶԼľ֮ǰЩĺܽš
صߣǿɶصĶӡ֮ġ
Ȼˣһ֮أǱǺصĺ󹬡
Щ˸ʲôʥŮ֮ĿɲһڿΪǣҲΪεһȺˡ
صһĭˣص컹⣬˵ڶӣ֪ˡ
صһۣ˵ҲǱɣϹͷŽڣ
Цһǲó
ЩǸȻĿ׵ףлл㡣
֪ʱԼǲǸԼһĻ
ʵϣ
֮ǰΪ׵ķˣڴmڲһƬ
˭ܹ뵽ǵģǸ֮أ
֪Ļ¸һҲǲĳġ
ǻҪǵǣ˺ı֪ĻǿҪԲ˶ˡ
׵ȻһЦ֮л֪ĸںδ

صһͻȻἰĸףҲɫһ䡣
Щֵ壬ĸ״أһλĴæδĸ״ˣ˷ôûмأ
⡭
صɫѿ˺ܶ࣬Ƶ̾һһӲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ô£µĸʲôĪʲô֮²ɣ
ƺҲԤеʲôõ鷢
صЦһŷ˱Ѻm캮֮У
ʲʲô
һģҲһ
Ҫ֪mΪصĵطǸʲôʲӵ캮ˡ
˵ȥˣʲôܹĻųġ
ÿһ֮ˣǲҲѲƤ֡
ĸ׽ȥԺ˵ֱһ㡣
ԭΪԼ޸׻ԼĸЩѿôҲû뵽Ѿѿѿˡ
˭µ
׿źص壬ŭһʵ
ͨ
ںص߲ԶĵطһɫѾǲҰһƬ֮дŵĲǽţһ־ֵľ
Ǹֱӹ˺ĸǰ·һҾһ㡣
ˣ㣡
ŭɶĿǸˣ֪Լĸ׸һֱϡ
ôҲû뵽Ů˾Ȼ˵ЫĳԼĸ׹ѺǸط
һʱͿһʱͿˣ
˿źҲǲסĿͷΪǿӲһ£Ѿǻҷˣ
壬ĸ״Σźص壬ҲǼеʵ
ص̾һʱ֪֪ҲҲʱ䣬Ļᶼû˰Ӧ֪㸸״ˡ
裿ΪҪĸ״ƾʲôƾʲôĸ״һҺޱȣΪʲô˾
ۿͨ죬һѾǲܲˡ
ӵź֮ѾǺâ˸˭ɱۣ
ˣҴСķϣ͡
˿ɱڵģѾŵûʧɫ
ʱûκεϧ֮ģ˵⣬ûж֣һ㡣ĸʲôĥĻϵʮ
£
˵Ѿʼһ뵽׸ղ˵Ļ˾ǽʲôһ㣡
ʵϣһصظĸ׼ˣܻܲŶǸأ
ڵֻܹźĸܹţҲΨһȥĻˡ
˵棬汾ǰ캮κ۸ˣڶˡȻʼˣǱ˿ʼɡ
ײʲôŮ˲Ҳˣ
ȻԼǱԼˣ
۸ԼŮˣԼĸǻ޶ԵĻĸоԼûɶŵıҪˡ
׵һ仰ԭڹ㳡һȺˣƺƵĳ캮ķˡ
ֻ캮ڣƺ֪һеķ




3857  
 

캮ڣ
캮Ȼڴm֮УһΪĹɡ
Ѻı޵ͷ
ϴʮ֮˶ˣȻˣ캮Ҳֻܹɰ˶ѣ
һĿռ䣬һڴĵط
ֻ⴫һѾ˰أ
ˣҴmΡ
ص൱mָһ㣬ΪڴmϤ̶ȼǽںصĴڡ
ȻԴmʮֵϤҪǸصȵĻǲһˡ
üʮʥ֮أΪλȵطĴڣ
mδӴm֮ˣֻ֮ǰǴ޵һܻضѣ񱻺صΪΡרڹѺһЩˣ
ص忴ףҲǹ
ˣűǿ˳۵˰ɣmιѺ˶ˣ
׿źص壬Ҳʵ
ˣ
ںص˵Ƿˣ˵¾Ͳһˡ
ص쿴׵Ǽڲʮˣлʮλǿߡ
ŶʲôǿߣȤʵ
ˣǰǿߣȻܶ˶ΪˣʵǲǱص˶ѡص
羳ǿ𣿡Щ۷Źʵ
صͷȻЦһĪ̫磬Щβֻǰκˡ
ˣһϢ˼Ŀźص壬ʵһʮôǳȥʮλǿߣʣµĶʮ˭
Ը޵һЩ֮̽ģĺܣЩҪ޷֮أ๼
ص˵Щ˵ʱƺԵþ˺ܶࡣ
ɱߣبɱ֮ȻҪ̲ޣȻҲʲôˡ
ҪЩ˵ʵЩ⣬мλmĵϵԱ˺صҲԱʱ֮裡
ص忴ףڻʲôģ
ֻصô飬ҲΪˡ
ţˣνȥ׳ʵ
һԵĺҲǽĿźص壬صЦŵҲҿˣǰһʱýεңĻƿƣ򲻿ܽȥģ
˵꣬ص϶һöλεƣ
öӦһԴİֻۣҪƷǸ֮еĻܹˣ
˿̣
˵ѾǺѪɫԣ·ѾԼɥ죡
Ȼ֮У˸֪淢һС
Ҫ֪ξ൱һĿռ䣬Ӱõġ
֮У
ĸݱѺһĿռ֮У˫˫Ǳĸ˿С
ȻǾĲϼӹģƾôҪˣ
ݵ·һӴһ˿̵ЦݿϷݣжһƣʮֵܡ
ṫӣֿŵ㰡Ǿŷˣǵʱ˹Сǿɵ𰡡
˻ṫӵˣࡣ
ߵǸŴmεεػ֮һ
ЦһŮһŮˣϧѲΪ˻ΪһͶ֮˵ĸ׶ǼҴ𣿡
ĴΪ棡
ʵϾ֮ǰǸˣʵԴӺ֮ŷһֱʮֵĵó衣
صϲϲģ˭ôһŮһ˵أ
ֻ֮ǰǿһֱóġ
ԭûκεΪĳһжˣ
һ˼ľҪݸ壬ɺصʮֵԣ˭ʲôҲܡ
޵ģûκεİ취
һеתǳԭĴ֮׵Ƽ峤ϡ
ǵûѡƼ峤Ȼö֮ĸʲôνػһˡ
оޱȵļټϺصǸʱѵݱץĳЩ˵˳ˮ۵Ҳˡ
ܹܣſԲлҲ޹ءݴ˿̿ṫҲǵ
֮ǰѾܾĥʴĵĵҩѾû
ЦһĥҪĻѽҴͷ֮ޣİɣŸոտʼ
Ͳ¹飬ʱ׷Īŭ
Ϊ㻹л𣿷İɣˣҵȻ湬ˣ˵ԹԲˡֻڣ㻹Ҫúọ̃
Ц֪ǣ˿̵׺ͺѾߵ棡
һȺȻҪɱ׸桭




3858  Ǵ
 

ҺݺݵĴһ˵ȵȸö
ݺݵĿݣʱѾûʲôˡ
ôĥȥʮֵĽ㲡
Ψһ뷨Լȥ֪һиˡ
mΣݻ֪ܲ
ΣҪȥĻǲܵģǳȥҲ֪صԼѾߵͷˡ
ԼŮԼȻʮֵ˽⡣
ĿǸˣô˺ĵôأ
ݲԼŮʲôҪʲôĻþԼŮm֮С
ԼŮܹ׷ѰԼ氮ĻҲÿԷĵ뿪ˡ
˷ģҲһЦɣһѡⱲֵˡ
ߣŮˣĻҴôʧأһΣǽ˵ϣҴ˵ˣҪʱҲǸѾͷôТ˳ĸ׵ģ
Ѿ¶֮ɫ·Ҫһ㡣
һֻػᲢۣ
ݵĽһˡ
Цһ٣һҲ÷ϻô࣬Ҫٲ˵ĻҲûм˵ˣ
ĸ״ˡ
Ƿ棬ʱҲȥˡ
ԼĸģڵѪ
ΪԼĹԼĸ׳˵ʹ಻㣬裬׵ŭˡ
𣿡
˺һӻЩȷ
ΪԼ̫˼ԼŮ˻þ
ɸղԼŮȷ
˭
ƺҲҲŭһԵˡ
źһӳ֮УṫߵļҲΧ
һȥ
׵Ŵ̹ǵı䣬һ־Զ֮ĸо
˱׵ƸסˣȻˣҪǸʶס
㡭㵽˭ôߣ
ߣǸ֮ǰ˵ӱŷһǿϢ
𾳺۷壬ʵҲʮֵǿˡ
˰羳ǿߣûʲôĶˡ
εȷЩˣҪһλǿ߿ṫӣ͸ӿԼϵһ㡣
ò˵ʵϵ磬һֱ
㡭ôˣԭҰ׵ɫøӵĲҰˡ
ĸ״ˣ֮ǰŮܿˣԺҲˣ
һԼ˻Ǹ˵󻰣ȻһصmֱǲҪˣ
࿴źΪ͵͵ġ
׵˵Ǻˣ
ʲôˣṫӿҲŭ
Ц㻹֪˭֮˵֣򡭡
һʲô
࿴ףȻ֪ʲôͷ¹˭
ԼʱǺߵġ
Ǿŷ˵ó֮౻ԼĴһʾҪ͵һЩ
ٺĴȨˡ
ĵһǰԼĵְ֮ܵܵȻһɡ
յĿľǰǾŷ˸Ū֮С
һĶ֮УֻΨûƵõľǺһμ޳ȥȻ޸һ֮ˡ
û뵽ǣص쾹Ȼômˣһص˾Ȼһĸס
һ֣оһ˿Īĺ⣬·˸һ޴Ц
ֻЦЦѡ
䣡
֮ʣһȭͷѾֱӺ֮ϣ
һֱ̣ӱײǽ棬Ѫ
ײδ̫֣һӦǾϣʮֵʹˡ
Ա֮ʩ
Ȼһ˵Ĳ̰裬׾͸ݵġ
ʹ֮ʣ׵ѾǶһöĵ
ǿ缫Ϊĥ˵ĵҩʹ಻ģһԵ˶סˡ
ʲôݣ˭֪
Ҫ֪һ˵ðm˭֪˵ư
ֻǰһĳǼλ𾳺۷ǿ߿ҲĿɿڴ
ǵƤӵ£ǾȻûп˵ôֵģ
֣
Եĸְ
㡭ǸϽߣϽߣݴ˿̿׶֣ҲǼˡ
Լĸ׵ߣ˴õġĸ״ˣİɣҺҷڣ˭Ҳ۸㣡
Ǹ𣿡ݵĿҲһĨ⣬һԼŮʮֵ⡣
ڣ޵ף
֮ĽûףĲ֪ôˣ
ֻǺһ»ԭ׼ֱֵסˡ




3859  Ϊأ
 

ף
¶˲мɫȻˡ
Լβµʱ䣬ǰͳ˴ˣ
Ѿ֪˵ݣ֪ӦþǺף
ƵͬʱЩ̵ģϾطڴ޵֮У
һߣ
źĻҲŵЩʧɫҪ˵
ĸ״ˣŮǺ˵Ѿ죬ҼҷѾΪδ޹
ݣһ϶񣡣
˻
ĻΧԭվߵǼҲŵһ飡
ȻѾϢʱǵǴ治
ߣ࣬˱ȵȸ㣡
ǸʲôҪֶ֪Ҳʮַḻġ
ֻĳ֮ˣɱҪ۸ĻȻҲӲġ
Ұ⼸ץ
ĿźҲŭһ
ֻһԵļ˿࣬Ȼֿ˿Ѿҡڲˡ
˵㣬ǾǸһǧӣҲҶְ
㡭ǾȻҲҪѹ𣿡µָǼˣӵɵϴ
Ļܹǽˡ
⡭黹δ֮ǰҵҲǡǼΪ֮Ҳսս˵
ЦһǼǽͷݰμι𣿡
£ҵȾþΣ֮²֪¿С
ǼҲЩĵĿźѾʲôԾˡ
ͳͳ£ӭ
ǼҡڲʱһѾǴ뵽˵ĶС
صҲɱ䣬ҲǼææĸ˹
˶棬صӦòΪ¾͸Լ׵ķġ
Ȼ
صֵһ̣Ҳδ˵ʲô
ˡ
Ǽ˿źص壬ҲǸϽ
ߣʲôģǶȻ˼ĸ𣿼ֱ֣
ص忴ǼˣǼѾŵɫҰס
ղһҪ׶ţ
壬⡭ô£
ݴ˿һȦĿźص壬һο׵ʱ֮кɲ
صʲôʵǲݲ
ô˶ݵʱ֮ھˣص˶ѱˣ
ЩܲʵȻ֪Լпܻˡ
ص幪ŷˣ֮ǰܿ˰ֻ˴ŷ˷ģ涨Ȼ֮أ
أݹĵԼˡ
Ƶ˵״ѾˣŮȰ˵״λͣɸ״ˡ
һнƺҲеĵݼֹ
ĸϣĪҪɷĳ
ҲЦе˵һ;Լĸһ⻹ʲô˵
ݸϽʹʹãֹΪһ֮Ҳѡ֮ˣġ
׵ĸˣǼ֮ûбҪô¡ˡĳȻλĳҲ־С֮ˡ
ĸ״ˣѾǸĳھǽȥġԼĸ㲵ģҲ۵˵
Ǳסˣĸ׵һҪ˵һ¡ݿ׺ͺҲ¶һ˿ǳЦ
׵ͷĸ˵κҵȿ飬ܿڡ
׵Ļʮֵۣ
˵֮ǰ׻һ֮Ļôʲôݣ
ǿһ֮
ݣԼĸɻ˵أͷǳѵˡ
һҽһʵҲܹеĿԣͬΪ֮˼Ҳġܷĸ׵ϷŹ֮˰
ŹǣΪԼĶˣŭ˲ҲˣƫƫҪǼ
ѾΪ˹ԺҲ֮УŮƶʣǵλûƶʵĻǶףڴ޶ûκεġ
ĸؿԵ·ˣʵĳѡ
Ҳû뵽£ݾȻܹ˵ⷬʵҲЩо𾪡
ףȥɣĸ״أҡҴĸ״ȥβˣ
Ҳ֪ǷǳæµģҲϣԼʱ򵢸̫ã
׵˵Ȼع˵
Ҫ֪кܶûа꣬һȻģ




3860  ޳
 

m
֮Ȼһ˿Ĳ鲢ûв̫࣡
˿ʮֵĵǣѾ̱˵ϣʱȴû˸ǰһѣ
׹ʱѾоԼʱ䲻ˣʱԸ˵һ仰
ֻĿһ棬Ȼϳm
ϳm
׵ĻҲ˺ܾãǲ֪λιǸʲô·
ˣ˼ǵɱһ̵
صʴΪԸɱˣϽл
ɱ𣿡
Ҳǳ׵סˣôҲû뵽ԼȻˣ
ⲻܣ
Լòܣοأ
صһߣǾŷ飬Ϊ㻹𣿻
˻
˵һȻôҲû뵽ܹӵ˵ػ
棬ҲǾֵĿźص壬Ȼ֮ź󹬵ķµҲ㣬Ҳ㣬ⱲӶ㣡
ֻʱѾл˳ȥβҲ˼ʶһЩĶ
ݵһ仰ֹɱ棬˵ʲô
ʵϣѾ˵˺Ѿֹĳ谮ԺҲ֪˭һ㶼ܹˡ
֮ϣ
һεǱߣŵµҲǵ˵޳֮ѾöǾ̸һ̸ɣ
ǣˣ
ɽХ׵һ仰Ծڳκһ˵
׿һۺصֲΣ
ˣ޼ûɹģսҲǴ޵һط֮ǰλʱ򣬴޻ǿԵģΪսڸؾĻɢ
ص忴ףҲһһʮ˵
ʵ˵Ҳ֣ҲǱǿ׳ɺؼѱ䣬ҳɹˣ
ЩĶҲĸΪսģԽԽС
ȻһЩ󱻴mձˣǹģս޲ܹᲢۡ
棬ʵҪԭҶ֪
ǱؼռݵĴmͳȻвֺ֧ؼҵģҲ˼Ķࡣ
ؼΪģĬڸռɽΪټȴͽһֱͲԸ
ԺؼЩʵǿսһЩ֮⣬ļγɲʲô̫ս
˵ڴûԽƵĶˣüʵ
߱һصЩЦ߱ӦǴƿصΪĵĶˣ
߱ЩһֱˣôоŵֺȻأ˵
֪˵˼ǡصҲ֪ײԵ޹ʵЩġ
ȻˣȻԼ뷨ġ
׵˵һֱǸĶǿսһЩɸȻвģһ㱾Ȼǻ취ĸǧ֮ҲԵЩС
֮ǰƳǣ
׵ȷһ֮˵֮ڣҲ޵ͷӶѣ
ĴѹҲֻܵķˣ
ʱ䣬ֵĵܲ
ΪʲôڹʱѾǺżΧ
ʵΪľֵܹס֮еЩ
ֻصͻЩm֮зӲʲô̫öѣ
ԼǣֻҪ齨ҴԼľŵĻǿһЩѶȵġص̾һ
ʲôѶȣʵ
ص˵ʵô꣬ЩѾǻɢˣ֮ǰ˵ûʲôţʵҲǡУֻЩҪ̫ˣ
ѣΪʮֵף׵˵
빬ʾص幪
Լ齨ţҴޱ߽ࡣȻЩľѾǾĻɢǱΪ齨ǰĽơ׵
齨ǲѣֻ氡ް̫ˣںԸΪˣص̾һ
ڣ״˿̿Զվڵ죬һ˵
ڣһ㶣漴
Ϊ޵һžųҴޱ򣬿Ѷȣ׿죬Ҳʵ
ûУ̵
˵ģħһ֮ˣҲԹʹˡ
Ҫ֪ħĵλʮֵĳߵģ֪γŻ
ҪøԵԴ飬Ժ󣬵ʱҽƲ
ȻȱˣǾЩ֮취ˣ취ǱѶ࣡
һʱ䣬ܶ˶ʶ׵뷨ԶɽʱѾվӧˣϾҲ˵ľ治
˷׷ӻԾҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
ש
һǾˣԶɽܿ㱻ΪŵľųmԲ֮ڵĻ֮
ģҲһһ
ˣҲʼһĽ࣬Ǹൽ˺󹬡




3861  ر֮
 

mڣ
ںصӡѾ𽥵ıĨȥmҲǱصǨؼڵء
ӴԺmؼҾҲûʲôĹϸˡ
һУôͻȻ
ĳؼ֮ҲѾ𽥵ӦΡ
֮£ҲʮֵңûкĻؼҵ˿¾һˡ
ԭЩˣ񶼽й
࣡
˿˴mĹڡ
ʵϣڵݼΪ⣬׶Լ˵˵жǼٵġ
ȻûжԺؼҸϾɱҲ׵Ŀԡ
̫󣬹ںؼҵĴ÷ʽֱɣ
׿࣬Ҳǹһ˿ǸȻ
ϽҡҡͷֹôǶӦõġû¶ΪԼ˱һˣ
һжǱӦġΪػߣӦˡ漴ع򣬵ʱҲʡ̫̫įˡЦŵ
Ѿˡ
⻰Ҳǣ̫츳ΪβǽŸεķȥչأȻѾˣһӵĲأЦŵ
⡭⵹Ҳǣ̸ֻװ񱾹ڵʵǵ𾳺ѶҲǲС羳޴̸ˡ
֪׵˼֪ЩʱʧΪһɢҾһûᡣ
ֻȻ츳˵ãҲ֪ԼҪһʵϼˡ
׹һЦֻҪ̫Ը⣬Ͱĳˡĳţ̫ĳͬŶԻ̽𣿡
ÿһߣڻ綼ǿģֻǴҶ֪鼸ǿɼġ
Цһ˵ʵ̫ˡ
Ҳκһ˵츳һģѲľܹƱ
಻˽ףȻ˵ЩοԼĳɷˡ
ҲھЩЦŵ̫󣬲֪ʲôеĻֱӿڸ˵ɣ
ѾˣʲôҪ󰡣ֹһ˱˴æҲʱǴ޵һЩˣ
Ŷ̫˵۵ĲƸ𣿡ʵ
֮ʵԴҼҷǴ֮Ĵ֮Ҳ缫Ϊĵ֮һ
ĻԣʹôĴ޶ڴʮ˵˴޵Դжôķḻˡ
ǺܶһҪռޣȴƫƫҶֵԭʲôط
ʵϾΪΪ̫ˣ˭Ҳȶ֡
ټޱ֮ܣʵ֪˲ҲҪĿԴ
ֻ˭Ҳû뵽ྐྵȻؿƿô꣬˿ûпڡ
׼ҪõصϢʵѾɢ˳ȥʼٸ߱ߵĺص죡
׻֪صһߣΪһף
µĳأ
̶̵ļ֣Щ˷ܲˡ
ޱ֮ǰƺЩ磬Ҳûԭİ׵ͷ
ҼҷԤеƺôһ죬˵ⶫʱԱģֻǱû뵽
̫ıܣĳҲǲԡ˵̫ЩţĳеǸʲôأʵûʲôȤ
ֹЩĿɿڴĿףʵЩ˼顣
Ҫ֪һ֮̫̫ˣ
гĲΪϣǺܶŵӦֲǣ
Ȼû뵽˵ôɡ
׿ֺǺǵ˵̫ΪĳȱʯôֻҪĳԸ⣬ʯȡ֮
ȡ֮˵Щˡ
ǵԼķۺҲ˵Ļ
׸ոմӶȻ˵Ĵ󻰣
Ҫ֪Ǻص춼֪˶ٵĺöˡ
ʵ֪˲࣬Ѿڤֻ󣬺ܶ鱾άܶѡڤĲƸ̫ӦҲ֪ĺɣ
׿࣬ҲЦŵ
ͫһ漴ЩȻʧЦֲֹ˵ţȷǿЩΣⱦضڴ޵ġ
̫ȻִҪ˵ĻǱްллˣ׵Ҳǫ飬׻˵úãǮð°
һ޵ıرҷ˴֮ڣ




3862  ûɶȤ
 

ޣ
׳׵סˣ˵ôҲӦòԼĽ֮ڰɣ
ΪʲôƫƫͽôĲƸڱĴ֮أ
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Ҫ֪޵ƿΧޡޡ޵ȵȶǽġ
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ΪЩԽϣʱԽʰ
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ȷЩ죬޽֮㣬ΪҪⶫڴ޾ڣǱˡ
üʵȻ벻ͨһеΪʲô
ҴҲͬ˹ϵӦòôģ
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ʵm֪ⱦ֮أֻǲ֪ⱦһΪ֣֪ģСһֶѣ
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ΣյĵطȫطһйȻǾޱȣʱһ϶رأҲʡȥ˲ٵ鷳
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һôǱֻҪͨⱦؾͿԿmı仯
ڶ㣬Ǿ˭Ҳ뵽Ὣ޵ĲƸޡ
Щصһ·Ѱ٣ʵѰ˷ˡ
ֹҼҷ˵һޣʱҲô˵ġЦһ
׹һֵ˼ܣʵ
ԥһ⣬Ǳࡣʵ̫ӴѰĴָװôడ
ⶼ⣬ڱһ̫ˡһת
һ㶵󱾹ĪҪɷҲźð
ȵ֪ˣ̫ʱ򻹻һЩ벻ľϲҲ˵ء׿࣬ҲЦ
һãȻⱦصܸ˵꣬׵ȤԶԶû²ô˷ܡ
ص쵱һĶ˼ֹݽһ㣬⿴ȷвడ
ڵҪʲôܹԼϲأ
˵ʲôܹھ򵽱ظӵ˷ܣ




3863  ľϲ
 

ֹǡ
˿̸׳캮ķȥҲЩֹ
캮һǴmΪصĴ֮һ
Σһζδȥ
ǵΪһˣҲĵط
һεվεĸǰȲȻǿ֪ġ
Ѳν׸Լһϲ
Цŵ̫Ҫһô
ˣص켸mϾɱʲôأ
ںص֮´ô꣬δ˵һЩʲô
״캮֮УȻ˵ԼĹˣ
͸һӵľ֮ɫȻΪʲôˡ
ЦŵڵʲôĹˣҲǺ֮ǰصʱ˵һЩڱ̫ǰҲҪ̫æһ
ֹֻ֮Ҫ԰æģǶȻǲκεѣ
಻֪׵ҪʲôæҲ
ԼİæӦǾԲôļ򵥵ġ
׵ͷ˱л̫ˣߣ
˽֮УһֱǳĲ
࣬оԼ֮жһʮѹֵĸо
֮ǰĸݱѺߣҲǺ浽˶ˣ
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ѾҪˣҲڴmȵطһ
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Ϊ֮ϣѾǺܶˡ
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ڣ൹̨ٶʵ̫ˣmѾǷֱˡ
ΨЧףſһ·
϶ӳ֮йѺĶطһ°ɣ
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ͻȻ֮˵Ȼλִֱǲ˼飡
һ̾úЩ̫ܵӡ
ˣЩ˶Ѿǲ̶ͬȵˣصǺصĻѾˡ
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˫ҲһѾЩˡ
ôˣһεĿԼˣĸܱܶ
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Ĭǲƺǿʲôһ㡣
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ϽҡҡͷûûûֻǱû뵽ǼȻҲû򱱲ؼ͵ϮҵȽΪˡ
ĬŭһصսթĵֶץҵȣͼҵȶԹ˲ҵӣֻһжѾˣ
ûͺãûͺãһжû˶ûˣϲһůġ
˵ľϲһľϲ
ˣ⡭һеô£˭
Ĭ˿ףҲüʵ




3864  С⣡
 

֮У
ĬɫһƬҰףȳڱĥ˿Ҳʮֵۣ
˾ϣһЩҩάţˮѾֹסˡ
Ĭ˲ףôΪʲôţҾͻm֮У
ȵطȥ磿
Ĭ˲ףһеΪʲôӵģ
λǴmֹ
ˮҲ֪أĬ˽ף
Ĭһ㶣漴üˣⲻܣ
ǰܣǰص컹ǹôڻأ
ĬԱߣһλҲҡҡͷ
ĬҲǵôᣬôǺصĶأˣĪǱвˣ
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Ĭ˵ĻʵҲŸͬܵζ
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ĬȰ羳ǿҲˣȻƽ˲١
ĬЦһ浱ϷǲɣҪɱҪϤ㣡
ôాˣĬѾǷſˣѾǵĮˡ
࣬ѹ˵ĺɫ˵
ֻһˣǱǰ
ҲΪʲôæһԭ򣬵ȲΣʵҲġ
׷Ǿ˿ɿò
СˣʵǿᣬȴҲѿΣ
СĬƢô˵ıأ۾һɣȻѲĻ𣿡
ˣҵǴ֮ˣǴֻ֮ҵֻİèǻ治ҵЧĶ󡣡
ĬƢһҲˣҲǶȥ
Ĭ㡭Ҫ𣿡ۿһ
׵˵ǰѾ޷תһζڹȥʲôأ˹
ĬʲôʸҵȣصңȻ˺ص죬Ǳϲһôǣ
СĬ񣡡༱æǳ⣬ȻҴ޵ػߣΪֹصһ𣿡
ػߣˣĪҲ˸ɱ˲ɣѾǱصҴ޻ػ𣿡
ĬĻѾǱˣ
ǰ֮ȷҲʲôܡǰĪҪˣ᱾ֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬涨Ȼһַʽ䣡
׿Ĭȥ͡
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ʲôǲǵģֹΪҵȱѩޣͳһ㣬ѵӦллֹ𣿸οҲΪֹҪˣ
࿴ĬˣҲǴһ˿ϲõ
ҵѾǷһ˰Ĭ̾һ
챾̫ǰʵҲΪȰ˵λҴޣ˵λǰؼң׿Ĭ鲢ï˵
ֹҵȵԱȽϵأǾƣҪָȫҲѾûпˡҵ֪޳ֹϣҵʵ֮˼ˣҵʵѿá
ĬףҲֱ˵˵
Щô᲻֪״ǰĿأ
Ĭ˵Ҳʵôĥ̰ǽһ㣡
ǺصǰˣѾ֪Щ˹齵£Ǳ뾡ְ취ĥĬˣ
ֻҲ֪һȫĻĬ˿϶ǻˡ
ЩΪܹĥĬһӣһһεĽĬ˵ĵȸĥ˼£
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С⣿ֹĿǴ󰡣Ĭһ㶣漴
ⴵţĹĽ⾹ȻҲС
Ҫ֪缸޽Ĵڰ
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ߣĳֹʵֹ˵ЩšȻֹ˵ˣˣҵȸԸ׷ֹֹʧأĬʵ
ôԣ
ν˵һԵЩˣ




3865  ô򵥣
 

֮У
Ĭ˾ôףʵҲЩ޿ĸо
ĻЩϣǶȻܾôġ
ص쿴Ѿ׵Ĳ֮ҲǷЩ˾Ͳˡ
ǵԽԽأĬ֪ӣ
ڴmһεĳΣ
˵˭Ҫǻָûκϣ顣
ʱ
׿ºڣĬȻ֮Աǡ
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΢һЩǻΪ׻а취ġ
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ֹĳΪҼҹ˸𣬿Щ鲢ĳ㣬ⵤ¶޲ߣ
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һԵǰֶֹϣɶֹ˵
Ĭ̾һˣʵûϣ
ô֪أ֮ǰֹҵ˵ҪƷصͳΣʱĵһ뷨ʲôҲǾòܣأֹɹˡ
ԼĸʵЩ̫ǿˡ
κ飬ûеʱ򣬶Ȼ׵ķ񶨲
׿Ĭ˵ǰ̫ԣô֪ɻ߲أο֮Ѿ˶ԼǰĪ±˰ɣ
£ĳֵ֮дδй֣Ȼֹſ˵Ļĳ档
ĬףҲתתƺҪ˵Щʲô
Цһ˵޷
ֹʧˣĳֻһǱֹģûҼҹ˵İȫ
Ĭ˿̿ԼãҲǳ
ǰģûǣȻôȲ˽Ȿ˽ĻǾͻ֪µķˣ
׿ĬҲһε¶һ˿Цݡ
Ȼ˵ĻǱ㿪ʼɣֹʧ֣ҵҲȻ˵ʲôģԭҲǽ֮ˡ
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ʱһһţ׻һԼͷϵĺˮ̫󣬵űˡ
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ྪ㵵ĿףҲ̫˼ˡ
ֻͷҲϥʼҵ
һ߿ţµʱ˼һ
Ʋ֮ʣȻ䷢Ĭ۾Ѿˡ




3866  𾪵Ĭ
 


ĬһεԼ˫۵ʱȻ䷢ԼʧȥѾõһεĳԼ֮У
ˣоԼڰ羳ĵ·ƺٳ߸ͷһ
·˸İ羳У
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˵ģ͵һƬռ䣬ޱˣ
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硭
࿴ĬѣҲƲסԼУ滨һĿ˳
ǿߣûУ
ˣֹȻҲȻԻΪ氡
ĬҲǾ̾˵˿̵ҲͶأ
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ҲЦŵЩ٩ζ档
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ˣЩֻҪ֪һĵͿԴӦˡȻˣһеǰ˵Ķܹõ
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ĬҲûдɰʵף¶һ˿֮ɫҵԺΨֹհϹѣ
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Ĭһַ΢ŽĸоһƺΪѡ
ֻĸָȻһϣ
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ʲʲôڤֹĪڿЦɣôأ
ĬΪԼˣǿҲǾ㵲ѡ
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ĬɫȻȻҲ֪е׹ϵ
֪кδ㣿ĬҲһεʵ
ΨһĴһͳݣһȫµ磡
׵һֱĬ˲ʯˡ




3867  Ѫ
 

һͳ磡
˻һĬ˲𺳲ѣ˵顣
Ȼ׵ıڤأ
ݣÿһݵʵʮֵľˣ
ʣµļĻսǼαӡ
ʱֹͷҲֵܵסİɣ
ڤȥ˰һ֮⣬Ҳôǿ߶ѡ
׺Ĭ˲δϾ˿̵׻иҪҪȥ
ˮһ棬ػɽҲһ棡
һ棬˵ü޵顣
ܽĽȱҩҲǺܶˣٴ֮Խ
Ļ衢ʲΡݡѡͨȵȵĵҩѾ׿ϣ
ֻﻹһζҩʮֵƣ
ѯ˺ܶˣ֪ζҩĵ״ںδ
λ꣬һҪѯʣ֪λʲôϢ
Ѿǻ˻⣬þһͳʲôûʲô塣
Ϊֻ˳ȻģĬȻ𺳣ȴҲûа취ֹ׵뷨
οһĬ˴˿׵Ļһ˷ܣ
Ĭףˣҵ֪ĻȻ֪޲ԣ
׵ʵѪ
Ѫ⡭ƺһöҩİɣĬü
׵ͷȷһöҩģ֪λʲôϢ
ѪݴǼ뼫໥ڲһֲĹʵ֮ΪѪѪݼѪ֮ܣֻⶫ˵ûʲô̫;
ĬףΪʲôҪôңȴôߵĶ
ѰҴ˹ҲŴõġ
üѪ˵
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Ĭͷĳȷˣ˿ǵɽ
ɽЩ벻ʲôط˵ˡҲ˦˦ͷƺЩա
Ĭ깬ǰɽʱ򣬾ᵽһ죬˵ڴ޺ʹĮ޽ɽֹѪֻǾ˵Į뺷ɽΪʥɽ˽С
ˣʱȷᵽһ죬ֻٺǲྭĬһ֮Ҳˡ
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ĬףҲ΢΢һ̾
ΪΣ׸ǾЩ죬һɽʲôѶȲѶȵģ
ĮʵǿûκһԸŭǡȻɽǴ޺ʹĮ޽㴦˵ɽڴĮǴ޵˵ӲҪ˵ĻӦ޵һֽߡɴĮ޵ȴӲĽɽС
ĬƺɽʹĮʮֵϤ
׿ĬټɽҪȥӦҲʲô°ɣ
ҲĪҪСĮ֮ˣɽǿơɽʮֵأ߽ܹСټɽڲʮֵأڼû˸ҽӽɽ
ĬǴ׵ĻԣΪóλǸ첻µزµ
ѪڱصãǵĮҲϧһӵʱ֮ˣȻǰĮٵѪ
׵֮дһ˿ƶ֮ɫҪľԼŮˣĻʱԽԽ
ѪϢˣ׵ƺ˺ܶ࣡
ֻȻض˵ΪҪͨŪôˣ
ƻȶҲ˸ûȥ˵ʱ
ʵЩ˽Ӧûκεˣ




3868  ػɽ
 

ڣ
׶һ˳ŶķǰУʱĶԵüΪ壡
ܲڣ
վǱߣǵҲЩ
ٵĿǰΪֹԱ֤ǣδ
Ҳ֪ʦôˣ
鿴棬Ҳǳ˵֮ɫ
˵׼˵һˡ
浭˵Ӧû£㲻Ѿ֪û𣿼ȻûǺص϶ûϷˣ
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ĵľˣֿԻǺܴġ
ŭһҪѻˣûаյĻΪȥ𣿸οСӴǲġ
ҲϣߵȥģʱӦøʦһȥģôؼʱҲܰæȻ֪˵̫ã˵ĵǡ
飬СôԹƵð
֮ʣһϢϯڣ
ܶ˿׹ҲǱŷһĻ
ĵǰ򣬿Ҳ֮һĵ
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׵һ߸ߣֱӳ׵ķ򼲳۶ȥ
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Щź˵ֻǺصδˡ
ʵϵˣᣬ¿ķϣСӶŹǼһġѾˣúصô׵ˣҷˬأ
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׷ô꣬ɽҲѾȥ˺ܾãκ鶼пܷ
ɽв˳
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ֻҪЩ׷ˣЩ˶ȻǲƽӹģҪһͳ硣
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׶ҲΪв˵ĵǡ
ߣЩ۵ģøһЩɫʱͰˣ鿴ף֮ҲĨһ˿ɱ⡣
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һ֮󣡣
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һ׹է׺ӰҲ˲ʧ˶ڣ
֮⣬û֪׵ȥʲôط
ֻڵӰѾһεĳ˴ɽĳŴɽϤζҲ¶һ˿Цݡ




3869  ҵĴ
 

ɽ磡
Ѻ׵۳
̤һƬϤʱҲ¶һ˿οЦݡ
ɽ緢֮һ·һĳɾҡ
ң뵱꣬ոյõУڵԼعɽɱķΪһ֮
̿Ƽ򵥣ʵ̫̫ˡ
һ·ǰУŴ׳ǵķ򼲳۶ȥ

׷ɳǰʱ򣬾׳ǲԶĵطһ
׵ʵôأ
Զ
һŴ׾֮ˣΧżλŮӣ⼸˿ȥɫŵĺܡ
ͳͳ£
Ϊ֮лһƷȥʮֵİ衣
ǴżʮһȥҲЦѡ
㡭ǲǴ׾ŵˣ
Ů֮УһͷŮӿȥƺһЩʵ֮ļŮҲ΢߳һЩ
ֻǼʵҲֻɾ۷塣
Ϊ׵Ǹ׾ŵˣʵ𾳳ڣټôˣʵһϡ
ߣϹǵĹۣǴ׳ľŰٷѦңҲǵݣ
Ѧ֮ˣɫĺܣƺһзС
ûзʲôƾʲôץǣΪ׵ŮҲǽһֻ֮ѾЩˡ
˵ǷʲôôѦҿŮЦһ
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ΪǰܳһҲˣȥʵЩģ
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飬Ȼһ˱ĺ£
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׵˵׾ŵĹأǿɻǵã
ȥĹأӾǹءڳűãϽӱʧĻ
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Ѧһ֮ʣ׵һӣǼһѾǱʲôصĴһֱӺȻأ
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һԵЩ˿ԼĽȻ˵ĲһҲŵûɢ
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룬˾ˣȻҲ֪ܵ˺ܲĵо˲
㡭֪˭øϽңҴ׾žĲġѦŭһü֮侹Ȼһ˿İ
׾ţߣҲ֮Ϊ׾ŵˣأһʵ
㡭ʶѦҾ°Ͷˡ
ΪʲôҪ׷ɱǣʵ
ѦʿˮǼҽµʲôҲˡ񡭡
ʲôһ
Ѧ̵컨ȵٹǸͳ˧˿ˣһбȨεĸͳ˧ϡѾˡ
ˣΪʲô׼ʵ
飬ҡҵҲ˵ġѦҲҶԡ
ȥң֣صͶ컨Ȱɣ
Ѿŭˣص׳ȥҪһеô£
ѦˣɱԼԼ֡
ȻΣΪλᱻܿգ澿ʲô飿
ѦҲֻӴܣһԵļŮ֮Ҳǳ˵֮ɫǲ֪ǰ֮˵˭




3870  
 

컨ȣ
컨ӼΪŮΪ
ŵ֣ƺҲǳŮԻ
ղΪ׵ǸŮᰣ컨ȵŵӣʵҲǿԡ
컨ڴ׳ǸֻһеȵţҲֻǱϲࡣ
ᰴ˿ѦҵĻΪĽš
ǰͬСɣҵҪ̻ȥˡ
ᰵǵ˵û뵽׾ȻʲôĵصԼ컨ȡ
ʵϣ֪ʲôģЩ߲ѹҲģΪΪʵ̫ңԶˡ
ǽ췢飬ǻǵĻ컨ȵıӻ֮ء
ĳǰ컨ͰɣЦŵ
Ȼ⣬οǰ˵ǣӦøӵˡ̵
룡Цһᰵ˳컨ȵķ򼲳۶ȥ
컨ȵΧ׵ʶһɨ㷢ΧѾǲر
΢΢üһʵţҪô׾֮
˺ܿ˹ڣ˿컨ҲһƬ
ˡˡˡ
һļٵԶһֽȸС
ᰵ˸ոսڣɫѾǱ˵ˣϽȥ
ʲô£ʵ
Щ͵½컨Ҫùˣ
˵꣬ѾǷһĳ˹ȥҲεҡҡͷ
컨ȵĴ֮ϣһ컨ȵķΣļŴ׾ȥ˿壡
֮ϣڷŲٵ챦Ȼ⼸׵ġ
ܹҪҴ׾ŵ˶𣿡֮ʵǿᣬȥҲʮֵİԵ
Ǹܹ˵˵׾̫ڵŮѾлԼôҪĳ𣿡
Ҽͳ˧˵ˣֱӽٹֱӭߣʶһ㣬컨ȵ洦ܵ裬ܹˣһҪ治ףҪǷַӵ飡
˿ܹҲǺٺһЦ
ܹƺҲһӣŭһھôһŮھ͸浽Ǳȥ
ƥ𣿹ƱQˡɽǻħ׵۳֪ٹһӻܲܽдҲ˵أ
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ħΣֵһͳɽ磬ֵ۲ˣ˻ڣҪ췴ǲ·һܹŭһ
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ֵۻڵĻȻˣǼһѾǷˡѲָ·𣿹ʶʱΪܣܹһʱ俼ǡһ֮㻹ӦĻǱҪʽԻˣ
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ᰴ˿ҲɫҰЦһ컨ˣǰ㻹ǸϽ߰ɡٲ߾ˡ
ĳڴ˵ˣˣҵңЦŵ
ղû˵𣿾ʶҲûðǰֲ컨ȵˣû˻ġ
Щ˵ֻֻ֪Ҫ컨ȵҪȥѾǲ̫ˡ
İɣĳڣ˭Ҳ컨ô׵˵
һƵ˵ǰʵǿҲǿ׾ŵ˰ɣЩ˿Ƿǳİ
ǣ˸Ҷ컨ȵˣȻᱬܵӦġЦŵ
ǰʱˣ㻹Ц׵̬ˡ

˭Űúõôᱬأ
һûһ죬ΪѾûˡ
ףᰵҲͶأֻǲܽ׵Ļġ
ʱ䵽ܹѡˣ˿ܹеĽѾǳˣ
ҪɱҪ㣬˾һѣ
ܹ֪Ȼѡһַʽ
׶һˣҪ֪һ˶Ȼѡַʽ
һŮܹٻΪʲôԸأ
ֻײ֪ܹΪ۰ԼŮϧţ
ȻˣǾͲҪֱˡ
һݣѾǳܹķɱȥ
ֻһ룬ᰵ˾°͵鷢ˡ




3871  컨
 

䣡
ܹĶ棬Ѿһը˶ۿȥԭҪܹ֮Ѿ͸͸ˡ
ԭ׼ֵǰһǾֲѡ
ǲϵķܣǸǾ֮һ㡣
û֪ﵽ׷ʲôҲû֪һеô£
ͷ֮˹ôԵ޹ʵԱˡ
ⳡ֮ΪӦþλܹˡ
Ѿɱʵ׼ˣҲˡ
ˣ⡭ʲô
ܹԱߣһλҲŵӹԲʵ
Ҳ֪׷ʲô飬̫ΰ
ܹŶ汬֮ˣҲǺɵĿңȷǺԵʣ
Īʲôڰɵ˴׾ŵҵһСС컨ȣʵЩ˼鰡
ܹڴǷ
ˣڴѾˣֻ⼸ˡ
ǰǼѾŵЩε֮ˣҲӿֳһĨɱʵ
ܹǸǻǻ㲻ȻѾ컨ȣһжѾˡΨһİ취ӣ
ӣˣ̸װ컨ΧԴ׾֮ˣҵȾǲҲӵİ̾һ
ܹӳһһܺùߵɣ
ֻǾʱ׵ӰѾǳλܹķ˹
ܹ
׵᳹ȫҲ¶һ˿Ц⡣
Ǻˣ
ܹףɫҲԵʮֵء
һԵˣλǰ֮ǰڰ·Ͼǣҵǰ͡
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ܹףҲǱȭ
ȻʵҪҲǲ̫ˣ컨ѱˣ
Цһĳ˷ǰҲǸ컨ЩԵ֡ĳԱ֤컨£
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һԵֹӣҵȿ㣬һ˲ǵˡӦ֪컨ȵѾǲ˴׾ŵˣЩ˿ɶɱ˲գ֮˰
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ܹһĻҲ̵
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ղλɵ۳ڵĽȻֱӱˡ
ȿֲľᰳ֮⣬ʣµֻоˡ

ֻǰԼܹͰɣᰲ֪ΪʲôЦݵʱ˷·Ҳ̤ʵ˺ܶࡣ
ݵúֹ֣ӼȻľˣǾ͸ӲӦΪ컨ȱˡܹ
װڰֵܹ޷ĳѾǽĵصԼ컨ڣźܿͻġʱǻĵصĻǿ¾͡
棿Ļ컨²̫ܰɣ
ܹЩ׵Ļ˵ôƶĻĻǲƭˣ
ܹڻʲôѡ𣿡Цһ
ܹ̾һѡ񣿰ֹ˵ҲǣȻֹӶ£ʲôúµأ
ͶˣȻûãǾ˳Ȼˡ׵ͷ
˳컨ȴķ˹ȥȻ컨һƬܹƺſˡ
Ǹ֮侹ȻҲ˵Ц׵ļ仰Ȼһֽ⿪Ľĸо
ˣ׳ݵ
ڼڴ֮ʣһѾǴ뵽˵ĶУ
ݵ
ܹҲһҪ֪ɽļǼ߼Ĵˡ
Ȼѹƣ˵Ӱݵ컨СŻǽŲѵġ
ֻǴ˿̣
̤컨ȴһ̣׻һ㣡
׵ʱ쾹Ȼһ˿ˮ




3872  ŵ
 


˿̵첻סԼ۾ʵǲŻһܹף
ȻҲ֪׻пܻˣЩ꾭̫쿴׵һ̣ỹֹס
Ҫ¶ԼݵĻѾǹȥ
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ֻǴ˿̵Ըо׵һֲͬΪ׸ĸоǽǰȴƺԶһ㣡
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һԵܹ׵̸ҲŵЩˡ
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˶ʥɽѾһʱûȥʥɽˣʥɽΧħ۴Ѿγɹģʮֵǿᣡ
ҲЩεģ׸ôõһƣǴôá
Լ˵иˡ
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ǰ˭֪Ȼ֮أ˵ĶԻʵЩ
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ˣ׾ű֮£Ϊ֮Ҫڴ󣬳ȥͶ
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컨ȸղɱˣǳڴǵͶ
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⡭Ȼ£ҵʲôµأ˱һѣҵĻţʹ죡ţ»ڴ׾žһս
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Ȼô룬Ǹ֪ǹ˵ĺǲòӣ
˵һ
ԭ컨ȵǻڴһҲȫʧһʱ䣬컨ѾǱ׾֮Χˮйͨ
Ķ죬˧׳ǣȴ͵͵˳Ͳסį
ڣڶ˵һɣ쵭˵
ţ
деıһӴδйš
Ҫ֪ǿǴǿߣɽоǸ
죬˵Ҳ´ͷ˧쵹ҪԼôϵģЦֹϵĳ֮Ũء
ȻҪǱ۾ˣ
ЦݻδɢȥȻһش֮ѾԼУһĿ־壡
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վߵѾûκεһнգ֮䣬δʲô춯
ߵλʥǿֱ䣬Ӷˡ
ֲ˹
һ˲䣬ԭ緢ԼĴ׾űһĻŪǼž




3873  ̫
 

컨ȣ
ʱ컨Ż󿪣컨ȵ˾Ȼʱ
ͻһĻһ̾ˣ
λʥǿߣڲֱ֮ӱʲôԭ򶼲֪
Ҫ֪Ҫɵնɱλʥǿߣû˿õġ
ʥǿߣǴŵľɽǿĴڣ

Ĵ׵۾ܹնɱˣ⻹δ־˱⼸ǲġ
һĳ鴤ôҲû뵽⸱ģ
ԼұۣԼĸǰôˣ˵Ĳңһ޶޲ĸо
ܹˣѾǳ׵ıˡ
֮ǰŵʹôǵʱΪʲôɺϣ
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ˣ
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ħˣôҲû뵽ʥϾȻˡ
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ܹ׳ǵķҲ̹µ
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3874  Ե컨
 

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ܹϱżỨ֪ݵһ̣оԼǧﶥѹһĳء
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ܹû뵽ôһ˲䣬ȻǱ˵ֵֵۣۡ
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Ȼϵȴվʥɽ֮гŵľǵ֮ɫ




3875  ʥɽ֮Σ
 

ۺ󣬴׾Ѿȫλֻȵۺһ±ħһս
ϡĪ̵˵Աߣֿݵվ˵ĸǰֻǵʮֵࡣ
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ü֮޾ŭһԵļһҲŭա
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ӰѾǽʥɽ׻ʹĹ֮ϡ




3876  ħʹ
 

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ֻһ룡
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3877  󵨵ʹ
 

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ħӰ˵Ƥӵʧˣһ̣ѾǽϵĲӸסˣ
ת˲֮䣬ѾǷ˸Եת
Ī̡һ˵ȶĿɿڴĿǰһУһҲ˷
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һŭ֮ҲǴƺѾЩܲˡ

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3878  ʧ
 

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΢΢ҡͷƻʺԲӣħ彫ػʺߣһʱȻҲʲô̫Σաҵȸղǿˣ»ΣհѲλûп˵һЩ𣿡
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λ֮ţ׵ۺѾΪħ²֮Ǵ׵۳ʥɽĽ󷨵Ļǵʱħǹ׵ۺʾͽ䣡
֮ʣһ뵽˴׻ʹ֮С
µ黹Ƿˡ




3879  ׵ѡ
 

ʥɽΧ
ӿħһĿ־壬Ϊ֮˺ȻǸղνǸʹħ
ֻһߣӵŸĸ֣һĵĺܣ
Դػ֮ˣ˼ݣħ֮ƺҲһֱûмλħ۳ĵ۾ģ
˭Ҳû뵽治ػòѾıˡ
ܶ˻Ϊһֱڰ˭Ҳû뵽Ȼһֱ˵С
ѾǸΪħ
һεʹ棬֮ǰʶħ
һ뵽ߣܶ˶ЩоΪһЩħ
ΪħһֱδչʾԼʵҲúܶ˾֪ðļһһӸλʵЩ
ħԭħ۳ĵ۾棬صĹ
ʥɽ׻ʹڣҲѾǴ˳
ħЦһϧ֪ЩˣһЩ֪ĻҲܷ뿪Ǵ׻ʹ֮ˡ
ĵӻǹİŭһ
٣֮ȥãػʺ޵УǶȹԹԴ򿪴׻ʹĴе޵ǿԿǲ
濴ˣҲǴһ˿޵Ц⡣
ϣ
ĵƣ֪Դǰ˷ϵһ̣עЩҪʧܵġ
ȻԼҲΪʲôΪһŮˣǻô
ԼļıѾǳɹˣǾ޴ĳɹ
棬㱰޳ܣ
վԱߣֻ˿ûö˵֮Ѿûκοˡ
Цһֵ۹ȻǺøŮû뵽ȻҲھˣֻϧǣѾ֮ˣػʺŻѰ
棬㵨ҷ
ƣҲŭһ
ʱ䣬ǿԺúõĿһ޻ĵ죬Ҳˣ죡
ƺڸͨ뺣͵ҲһĽ֮ɫ
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ѾǵΣĹͷǱҪϺ׵۳֮һȨѡ
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ףһжԼ⣡
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һ㸶۵ġŭȵ
ףǻǵȥ˵ɣֵ۵Ը񣬿ȥǻǸδ֪ءѲɻָ½Ǹǲܵ飡
˵Ϊûġ
ǿɽһƷɷǷĻΧϸƵġ
ԣ뵽пܻ
ЩˣʵҲôǵġ
֪׻Ҳֻܹβˡ
ƣϲ˵֪Լ˵Ҳڰ׷
ʱһһĹȥˣ˽ǵȴԺ󵽵׻ᷢʲô
ԭ׵۳ָǧûκεġ
ɾΪϱץһƺѾǵսĽ׶ˡ
֮󣡣
һε˴׻ʹΧһѾôЦˣ
δ
ʮֵĲˬѾǵվ˴ĸǰ
ߣڸһʱ䣬ڲ޽ҪǵĴ׵ۺܵɽп裡
һ˿֮ɫҲǱ
˿棬ѾǴһӵرմ󣡣
һ£
ԭڴ׻ʹ֮ϵһ޵ķһʧӰ٣
ǺʶЦ
ῴ棬ĴһӵҴֵҵȾΥֵ۵־Ȼۺ󱻷ҵҲҹΨսϴˢ裬׾
ڣ
֮ŭɽ𶯡ɢ
ᣬҡ֪ã
ɱ
һ£ɱѾϯա




3880  
 

֮
׾ŵսһҲǵõ˼ǿıһʱ˫Ȼ˻ս֮С
·ǿ߷׷չʾǵͨһɽĩյĸо
˿ĻĪǣ֪ʱˣҲȻܹ׵Ůˡ
Ȼһ̣˽֪Լǳ嶯ġ
Ѿûκε·ˣˣҲټס
ΣڵϦǶȻô˵ǰʵʩġ
Ψս
׹ͬĿ꣬ǾԲܿԼĵۺ裡
һλһλǿ䣬һ˿Ц
ŭһɽ׻ĺƽͱôƻˣ㾹ȻЦó
ߣ׽Ūӣôأħ۳Ȼ£
ŭһһ̤ʥɽأһֽɽڽµĸо
ûףѾ赲סǵĲ
Цһ棬ԭֻСϧ㽫ЩСĻ۳Ϊ˴Ѿûκλͷ·ˡ
ҺΣ
濴ϾȻĵĿԼҲǵ˵
̾һ֮ǰ͸ҷģȻҲ֪ʲôʱ˵ġ
ܻ㻹ĺܡֹҲţڲ֪ʲôط§ŮǱңأҲЩ˻
Цһ׸ܻص
ɽǿűʵģ˷õǿߵĴУĴ
Ҳ˲ٵ˽⣬һȥȥһ޵ĵط
ټһΣõ紫УǵްڴɽһƲлꡣ
˵ҲǷǳĺãٴӴеĽǶ˵ġ
ֻףҲֻһˡ
οõеʱѾɢˣ׵õĻǿߺĴǸᲢۡ
Ȼˣ
֪һĴеĻҲǾһӡ
棬㲻ѣ׵ʵԶġ㲻һɽ֮˶ѣǿܱ𣿡
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㻹Ϊʲôֲ֪𣿼Ȼ㲻֪Ļޱ㽲繲־֮ءÿһݣǶһλڣ˳֮Ϊm
ƺϵĸǰŪҪķʽӹ߽ϵ־ɣ
üͷһô֪ģֲ֮ˣߺʲô˼𣿡
Ҵɽ֮˷ӦñޣһηȥӦҲǴޡɽҲСϺһĴڶѣ
濴ϣҲǲм˵
һԲ˵˾ÿЦ
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˿ʮֵ񣬿ȴǺҪ֪Ҫ˵ʲô
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ػʺҪúõˣ޵걻׷ϵѾûκδϣˣֻ޵ãһλǿߵķ
ŹӣϺٺһЦ
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ʵϣ
ȷҲˣڵվ׵ĸǰǸûκεĿɱԣ
ֻĻɫ䣬һ˿֮ɫ
濴ݸһЦһǿߵĴУȻҲܸػʺ׸ϧһεõĴƺЩһأ
ʲôһ㣿ϵɫЩ̫ÿˣоƺҪʲô顣
һֵ޵õǴްΪĴУȵǰ磬Ӧöá
󡭡ްܣԲܣްôῴأƭӣ
ЩҪʵһиǲܵ顣
΢΢ҡͷػʺƺԼ棬粻̫̫ܵˡȻ֪޵ܣǽˡ
㡭ʲôһ㤵ĿЦЦӣЩʵʵ
һЦ˳߲Ȼػʺ˲Ը˳ޣǺأ
˵꣡
ѾǾٹͷһλεļƷ͸һĨҫ۵â
ֻһ룡
ϱһƬռ֮ʧˡ




3881 ֵ
 

䣡
֮û˿ԥ֮ɫĿֻһǱһ֮ǰĺ󻼡
󻼾Ͱϵ֮ˣ
Ȼнʵ֮иûκн˼
˵ΪɽΪ貵ĴڣôҪλưɽ֮˵Ůأ
µЩ֣һҪΪʲô
ΪɲԼ֮࣬˺˯
ôļ򵥣ڱ˵ܲ⣬ǾǱ˵ˡ
ʤΪ
ţֻҪԼΪɽԺһо˵ˡ
ѾǿҪΪɽһ̣ѾǵĽ׶ΣҪֽϵˣΪԼǻ̵棡
ɵĽҪϵһɲǣȻ˹һĻ
ԭԼǰϾȻʧˣ
ף
Լ֪׷ʲô飿
ʥϣ⡭أ
Աߣħ۳ةĪһֵĿΧ
Ϊħ۳ة࣬ħ۳һƿС
˵ҲΪεˡ
ϵ˵ĴãĪһϾɱġ
һʼҪշΪȴѪ˵ˡ
Īղſϼһ̣ҲΪļ
Ϊϵڼ̶ϿһƣӶڸ̶Ͻ׵۳ľš
ĪΪʲôҪЩ˵նɱϵԭ
ʤһƺѾҪӽˣɾʱľ޴ʣԼĪ˶һ͡
Ǹ֪׷ʲô飡
֣˵ȥʲôطҲüʵ
ʥϣȷûнػʺĪæʵ
ҡҡͷ޶δˣ˹ˣȻ޵Ƥӵʧ
棬նҴ׵ۺ㲻ú
һŭ֮£Ǳ㳯ķɱǴ˿Ѿɱۣ
Цһ޵ȷҪɱϣδ޶֣ԼѾʧˣɾ͹ֲˣҪףʲô취أ
ƨ
Ļһڹƻġ
ʲôҪףȹȻǲŵġ
˵ߣѾ̶ȣǻҪ翹𣿼ֱǲ
棬Ҵ׾սһһ䣬ҲȻܸκκͽĿԵġλսʿħ۳ҴףܴӦ𣿡
˿վ֮ϣҲ˻
ܣܣܣ
׾֮һɱ׳Ϣʼӣ֪Ǹ޵ĴƺΪ˹ȥʽ
Ĵײ꣬Ҫű̵Σա
Ϊ׾ŵֽҲǵȼļ顣
Ϊ֮ˣΪ֮꣡
ĻԻȻڣȴԸôҵĻţ
ĽԼһѪѪףλʿ汾һͬɱУ
ᣬǷˡѾǽȣ˽ʿΪһ˽ҪôཫʿΪ㶪㻹׵𣿼ֱǲ
Ī˿̿ᣬҲǴһ˿
һ޲ɱ֮ˣħ۳һͳɽ磬ؽɽ֮һµĸ߶ȡλһɽķΣ
棬Ҫˡֵһͳɽ磬Ѿ̫ƽһ˽ôɽ˵ȷѪꣿ˵㻹Ϊһ˽ѣ
мĿ棬һ뷨֪ܲ
ֹֻƭƭЩ¶֪֮ˣҪƭǸǲܵġ
׵һͳɽ磬ȷΪȨƣ
ΪȨƵĻ׵ôһͳɽ֮ͷˣ
Ҫ̰ȨƵĻȫɽҵôأ
׷ǵûܣΪ˾ԼİŮˣ޷˵ķ磡
δȺҲѵġ
ЩѲɽΪ׵ʵǸΪ׵ĵ
ײҲΪԼһ˽ΪβѲʲôⲻɣߣ
˵Ѿдɱ⣡
žž
һĳ˵Ŀ⳯Ǹ˹ȥֻһͷɫ֮ϻ˳
һĻĪҲΪ֮һ
˷׷ײ²˵˭




3882  ׹
 

ʥɽ룡
ǵӰЯϵĵֱӽ۳ľŸ׵ķֿ
˶ǰһĻƺһ̲֪Ӧ˵Щʲô
֮ˣͻأ
úܶ˶ֵĺܣ
м䣬·Եֲôͻأһ˿ʮֵĹ죡
˭ػʺȻ˵ĸ첲ְ
˭֪أĪػʺˮɣ
ôܣֵ۵ŮǳŮôأ
ߣʲôŮڲô𣿡
ħ۳һ֮˿ϵ֮ˮȴһ˿ĵЦݣҲǷ׷׶Ĵţ
˿̵ȴǼĲڼˣ
Լ˼ĺˣԼǲѵˣԼһǳˡ
һ˻ϲǣ
һ˰֣
ղŵѾǳ׵ķϣȻĺܲãΪ׵һ涼ûм
أ
ϵ·Źɽһ㣬ǸʵʵĴһԼʱһеǲξ֮У
׵˵У¶ԼѾˣǰһвζѣ
Ǻˣ
濴ϵģбܵһΪƺ쵽˲Ծ
뵽ղϵͻȻʧйأ˲Ŀʼ
ĪֵĻˡ
ʹҡҡͷòܣԲܣ
ǼһﲻѾôܻأ
׵˵棬ʵǶĿ࿴޷˵㾹Ȼţ
㡭㡭㡭
׵Ļ˷׺䶥һ㣡
ף
ǸΪԲܻļһһ̾Ȼˣ
˼飬ţ
д˾֮ɫҪ֪ôҲӦһ۲۵֮ˣ
ǿߣôܳɽأ
ôôͲʶˣ
ݵһ£
ŵĺɫѾǲɣʱ¶ݣ

׾Ŵ˿ҲȺ鼤Ƿ׷¹꣡
ƽ
ЦһҲӻ֡
ֻһ֣ô֮˾ȻĿɿڴ
˴˿¶ϲ֮ɫһԵĪ̺ѾǷɱһĳ׵ķ˹ȥ
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Ů˵һԵôʵ
ʥϣ桭𣿡˿ףһѡ
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಻࣬û뵽ʥϾȻͻʵǿϲɺذ
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ԭڵһڻģڿһλǻˣСĸ޸оĵġ
֡ף㼴½Ҳһ߷ѣ㻣˵ıµǲСΪ޻𣿡
Ϊ׸ǿһ½磬ҲǷѡ
ô֪ɽΨһһնػߣ
ǵΪҲʱűλػߵġ
ԣ׵˵
һ뵽ߣ̽˵֡ףǷ⡭һںҪС˰
һѣЦһ
̵˵ǵõʲô޵ʲôĹĴС
Ŷ𣿡׿Щˡ
繬ĴУƺЩ̫ܰɣ
εĹҲǶдУҲӦɽɣ
Ϊʲôһɽ繬Ĵأ
˰ɣһ׵ӣҲǿЦ
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ߣĹúţ޵õımΪ˼ҵĴС˵
ĴУ㵹Ҳֻϧǣ޵Ĺޣ
׵кâһûһϲˣ
㻹ܴţŶꣿ񹬹ǿ֮ˣ֪Ҫû뵽㾹ȻΪҪʲôţⴵ
濴ףҲһ˿мЦݡ
һ϶Ǵţģ
˶ݵʱ䣬ôܳΪأ
ɽ磬ôʱҲǲܵİɣ
ȻõΪĴУӦòİɣ
׿ӣͳһöƣ
ֻǵ濴Ƶһ̣˫һѾǳ׵˵ϡ




3883  
 

޹
ΪһҫʥɽϢһ̲סҪĤݵĳ嶯
Щɽ֮˿֮Ȼ˷ܲѣ
ȻҲ֪ǰֵгеĶǺ
ֻǲ֪һȴʶװ׵ģ˾档
˭õΪĴأΪõΪĴУڶǰֳ֮ʶ
Ҫ֪޹ƿɲʲôèӵеĶ
mд˵Ǳ
񣡣
еöƣһģڵأ
־壬һ̸ӣ
֪Ϊʲôһڶ̶̵ʱ䣬ȻżǶһ濴ǲܵġ
滹Լɽ֮أȻһ·磬׸أ
أ
Ѿ绹δһεףһε˴
࣬ԵĲһУоǰƺⱲԽһɽ
֡ף㾹Ȼ͵ƣ
׼һ仰ֻ˵ʱɫɷףȻǱŵˡ
ߣõ͵ΪѾΪѩޡ֮ˣȻʹӣĺܰ
׵֮дһ˿ı֮ɫ
ף֪ɽ硣㲻һ߷ѣΪ֧ŶֻҪۻţõʱޣأ
ƺδʶԣһвס
Դ¿ˣȻвˣ
׵һ裬˱ŷһǿơ
Ц֮˵ײһ߷ѣܿɺľʱɽǵ¡Χףɱߣ޴һֲƺţ
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׿ԶԶģҲ΢΢ҡͷ
ŭһףܹһ˵ɣ
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ȻҲ֪νŸʵһ£ڻʲôõİ취
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ɱ
֪˭һλʥǿƺֱӽûУ
ֻһ̣
һѪȵζѾʥɽɢ




3884  ǿƽ
 

ʥɽϿգ
˵Ŀⶼۼһ̣һǷͷ޶棬һɽΪţ
ʵϣ˵ı־ͿԿóˡ
ֻõΪ֮ǸĻΪ
ܶΪΪ˵еģķǿֵܵùôʥɽǿ
ֵ۵ĳֵȷ⣬ֻһֵۻ˵д󰡣
ɲֵһԸΪ𣬸ǲ˰æˣ
УҾͲû뵽ھȻֻˡĪ첻ȥ˰ɣ
ޣ˼һٲҲѾˣʲô¿˼Ұ
һʱ䣡
˶뵽֮УǿŰλʥǿΧףҲǾֵ۵ķһ޿ˡ
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ֻδܳʱ䣬֮ʵĸֹ׵ϼӳ֣һѾǷ˶Ȼת䣡
䣡
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ˣײɽģԺҲһ
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ֱӱ׸ɱûκεأ
׿ʧһ̣Ժ󻹻ģϣɽܹ̫ƽȥ˵޵˼³Ǻû
ּ
һ̶ǷԼеıУ֪׵Ļعʹû˸κε뷨ˡ
һҲǺܺõ飬δܳһʱڣɽӦʮֵ̫ƽˡ
һ£˭Ըɱɱ֮أ
˭Ҫúõȡͻƾ磬ȥ翴һأ
ֻһУΪȨѾɽζ
ڿֵһεɽ磬֮ܶʵϲõġ
ʱ
ײδɽ綺̫࣬һ˵֮УȻͨķ򼲳۶ȥ
ɽ֮УҲһЩ֮˼
˲ٵԴԱպͻá
֮ˣҲûôȥɽ粻
׵ʵɽ綺ʱҲ̫ʱɽĻңҲһòʧ顣
һεĳ˽ڵһ̣˵϶¶һĨ֮ɫ
磬ˣ
ˣm񡭡
׳ֵһ̣Ѿվ˽ڵĺɽǿҲǹ




3885  
 

ڣ
˻δɣѾɫصվ׵ĸǰ

ЩֵĿ죬޸ոƽĽ
쿴ɻӣҲǵˣ֮ΪǿѾĴ޶Ҵ˱ң
ޣǰ˻ǲͣ
һԵ˿æµҲǵæɣùˡ
⡭ǣ
쿴Щ֮˶㲻ϵЩˣҲǾ㵲ѣ
ǵ˺׷ʱһҲӶɳˡ
Щ˵ʵʵ̫ˣǼΪЩ˾һ㣡
ǰˣʵͷȥƺС
׵˵ЩǱķˣֻһֱɽ磬һαػشɽ磬ΪľǰǶ
ɽ磿˿糩ͨ裿
Ҳ׵ôһеģ
ȻˣȷЩӺ鷳֮⣬ûܶ
ˣԺ˵ɣ˵˵֮£
׵ðһ˿˿ĺ⣬ڤ֮Ȼ¶ȥĻЩҲȻһ
ֻϢ˵Щֲ
ˣĿǰ˴޺ʹޱ֮⣬Ѿˣ
վ׵࣬Ҳд˵֮ɫ
ǣˣЩ˻ǻԭ𣿡ʵ
ַϭдΪڤ֮£ڤ֮Ȼ¶ˡ
Ҳģڤݵ̽ӣЩôܲȥأڤһʱȴ̫ʱ䡣ĻȻ˵Ļɡ
˵ʵ֮£ֻû뵽µʱ䣬޺ޱ˷Ӧ
ˣҴ޸ոƽҪڶʱγɾ޴սӦû̫ĿԵġԣһʮֵΣ
׽üͷ˼ŶԲߣ
ϣ
˵ǷͬСɵ飬Ҫ֪һϣǲǸ߽սǿᣬƶʮֵԵġ
ڵֻһڤЩǣڶǴޣ
ֻ֮޵ϻǲġ
߽ս׼ҪĶܹӼʮλ羳ǿߵĻҪúܶ಻
ʲô׼ʵ
ҡҡͷ޵ʱֻ֪֮вδд޵ֳ֣Ӧûԥʲôԭ򣡡
ߣ޵ĹҲǸϺˣҲ֪ʲô㳲֮ѵܹȡ޵֧֣ٴޡ֮ԻΪǣҲԽս޵ľڣҴдϢ֮
׿죬Ҳ˵Լ뷨
ʵϣĴҴ޹ϵʮֵĲԴӺص֮֮Ⱦһǧˡһμ̳дͳҲûлİ
쿴ףҲǱȭ
΢΢ҡͷΪֻǿǿص޷Ǿ棡
棿üʵ
Ҳˣ޸ΪĹϵΪʲôôãѲɽΪӢϧ𣿡
Ϊ޵Ĺǰݰӵֵܰ˾֪飡
뷨ԼһЩôΪֵܸ顣
ֻ΢΢ҡͷݰӵֵܣĶ治𣿴Ϊ֮أȴʮֵƶ񤣬ԭ򣡡
ô˵ڳûİ취ˣƵʵ
Ȼһְ취ĿһֻֻղΪʵģΪǽƸǣʵһòʧľٶ
ˣ鲻ͽȥ̸ΣԸµʵ
д㣬ڵץʱѵľţڶʱӵǿսħʱΪҴ޿ˣ
׵ĿԶ¶һ޵ĺ⡣
ʦ磬ô죿һҲüʵ
˵ȫعǰȻҪ棬ˡ
׿飬ҲЦ
˵ģЩν˲Ǿһ鲻
ҪľڷȴʵĻŻ
ڵĴõıǣ𲽲ʳܱߣϵԼʵ
һ˵ǰֻǵݺݺһȺ˵ʱӶɳˡ




3886  ֮־
 

򣬴m
׵Ĺƺȶס˾ģԭеĻһƺҲú˺ܶ࣡
׻Ҳ̵ף㶼֪˰ɣ
һ£λϡ
׿ʼһһĽԼŮˣԼ˺ֵǡ
˴˿̿źҲǾΪ˵ĸо
˵Ǻ񰡣
ЦŵףߵﶼŰ
ͷɺϣɺϡ
ˣǼȻдҪæҲͲˣæǵİɡʮֵʶ壬Ȼĺġ
֪ƺǺ˳Ҳһ˿ɵС
ղ˵˼ӦĪΣ
ڵϵֻܸ̾ǰﲻʲô̫æˡ
׵˰ŸλȵЪϢȻŸԵԴ
׵ͷţǳʱڣôŰɡ϶ȵϤϤæڻǡ
æģûµġҲǵͷȷǰﲻʲôæˡ
ϵһ˵Ĵ£ҲǳŴm󹬵ķ
˿̣
mĴ֮УҲʣ˺ص塢Ʋ׺ˡ
ʱҲϵ˴mߣȥʮֵࡣ
˶˰ɣɨһȦЦŵ
¶һ˿Цݵˣϲˡ
̸ʲôϲϲģ´޲ڱԤ֮жѡ
ЩǸȻ˵ˣһҵûã빬𷣡
ڤǱߵϢôҲ̫ʱģһ㱾Ҳ֪ĺǡװڰֵ
һ빬˷ģڤѾʼ֯ɵսȻһ屻𣬿ɻһǿս
ʱҪסɵһҪɣЧĿǣֹ䣡
׿Ҳǵ
ЦŵһѾ뵽ˣǿ𾳾ţһҲֳΪĴţٿڶֵܹסνˣ
ڤĶ࣬Ȼ壬Ҳʮֵ
߽ս֮ȷһЩϾһ弸ȫټ֮ǰһĺΪڤʧҲʮֵء
ˣڤҲǿڶʱһ֧ӴĶ飬ܹ޵ġ
һԵĺڤΪܣȷǿٱ֤ҴһǧڲɡֻǲĻǵĸ߽սһٵһĵزΣˣ
ǰ˱ÿһݵʵڴ֮ϣټЩ֮սҲǲѶõġƲҲǵͷ
Σ׿źʵ
˵Ѿִ˴޵ΧǴԸЩͨĻǿ¾ֱҴ޵ı߾ˡ
Ϣͨ߱˴ģȻϢӦò١
һԵĺصĿǰӦǸؼһǴޡֻǱʱûκεĶ
Ҵ޽ֻҴ޾󲿷ֵ޽ġټ޵֮ޣȻ޵˽ҵģ˻ѡԴΪͻƿڰ
һѾʮֵˡ
ˣǽô죿
һ̶ǿףȻɣʵҲǵǲѡ
޳ô飬˭ܹأ
׻վҪڶʱͣһ϶ǲˡ
򣿣ҪĻҪ׼ֻҴ޵սƲ˵ǵĿס
ЦһҴ޵ȷûʲôľſԵֵˣֻ񱾹ֻҪɽ𻢣Ȼſͼ֮Ʋص塢
ڣ
˱ȭǿҲһ㶣
׳޽֮Ϊδ
򣡣Ｘȫ޽ͻƵҪӦþɽ֮䣬һǣ֮Ϊǣ
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ˣԭפֻʵصҲ̵
׳һ֮齨ħܱʮʾϸΪľţʮλ羳ǿָ߽ӡһ֮󣬱ҪǼǣ
ˣҪǸ޵ս𣿡Ʋ㵵ʵ
Ǿս壡ˣǰȥ޴̽һ֮Ǽˣ
֮־ѾԾȻģȻ˭Ҳ֪Ҫʲô
Ҳ֪˭Ȱûˣ
ʱ֮׵ӰҲʧ˴ޣ缴ҪһȫµĻսʱˡ




3887  
 

ޣ
޵ش֮أȻ˵ڶӣ޺ʹ֮ĲǸʮǧˡ
ģԴɷˣ
ѷҲΪ޵ѷ뾡˺ܶİ취
ǿʢʱڣ޸Դûκε˼
ǸԸĵ˴޵Сܣ
ɺؼռ˴֮ҲǷ˸Եı仯
Ҫ̲ޣǵθȴûôĴһȥ֮Ĺϵʮֵ΢
ڴ޵ʵһ㣬ڴ޵Ļôǵ̤ƴˡ
ޣʵΪ˴һܺõĻش

޼ΪʢʱҲûֱӽУɺλˡ
ô޶ʢʱͷ޼ɣһ˥ܣԴ޵ʵڶʱ̲ޡ
˵Ǹ˴һõķչڡ
Ȼ޵ӡ֤˵λǵĹľ
ǣ
Ǵ޵ĺ֮أ޲һǣ޴Խ򻮷֣ҪСܶ࣬Ի϶Գǻ֡
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Ϊ޵ƶ񤣬ȴҲǳɾ뺷硣
˵ĴʵڵĴҲǲ£ҲΪʲô޵һֱȴŴһԭ
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һһ⣡
Ƕ㲻ٵĻôȥأ
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׹һޣ˿һͨ˵װܼ֮УȥҲԵͻأ
ǷҪ˵ЩͬĻʱ֮ѰЩһ
ֻѾǷâȥΪƽӹ
Ӳm
ײû֪õĽ
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ֻǸطǴĮ֮أĮȻΪ֮һ
֪ѪԿѾΪͷȴ¡
ûȶ֮ǰȻΪԼ˽½֮أ

λ޵ٹ֮һΪ׵ͻƿڡ
סʲôط֪ҲƵĺܡ
˰ôҲ۴ǵ壬ȴⲽذ
˭˵أ˵ˣҲͿ峤˷ţ˷ˣҵõҵӿɶ˷β˰
ҵļҲһ붼˷ֶӸˣ
ǵŮҴСȻΪһ˷ҪԼǿϧˣ
һ·ͷǰȥʱһȺΧһվڸ̨֮ϵŮˣҲЩɻ̧ͷ˹ȥ
Ӱ˵ĽЩ飬Ҳ˽˸š
λ̨ʲôͷ
׿һһλŽ֮ˣҲЦʵ
˿һףȻλֵܣҲʶˡڴȻãҲһ塣ֻϧ峤ˣС㱻Ūôһ
˼κòͼ޸Ǹβˣʵ
ǿɲʵ֮ǰвԹˣֻϧǣʧˣЩź˵˵ҲѾԹˣֻʧˣ
ҵǿԡЦŵĳҲԶ֮᪻
˵ֵܣ˰ɣôҽõˣܿĺãҲ˵ģβĵĵҩɲỹ㰡΢΢ҡͷ
ʼǳˣǱ˹𣿡
ֵܣǽ깰֣ʾѡ
ֻǴǱͿԿóף
ʵϣ
ײǿҪ˵ŮߵŮ֮ƯĲ
ֻǣҪһΪԼɽ
˷糤ھڴǣӦǶԼģοԼҪǾĻǱľ˲
Ұ񣡣
Ҳû̫ԥø̨֮ϵ˲̧ͷ
ֻǵ׵һ̣Ҳ¶ʧı顣
ߣʲôèˣǼٹѾҽǰСʶľ͹һȥ
һԾϵ˸̨֮ʱһūŴѾ׵ĸǰ
ҽٹƲҰ񣡣
˻䣬һλһλѾǳ־ĳ˵ĸǰ




3888  ٹ
 

ҽȵٹôҰ˰ǿҴ޵ĳ֮һ
ƲٹҲǱСɫ˰
ҽĿκ峤ĻҿҪ˰
ңٹǳĻӣҿҲֻѣ
Ʋ֮ǵıƺҲЩ仯ˡ
ԭվԵλҲЦӯӯ˵˵ֵܣ㻹ɣ
ΪҪ׿˵˵Ұܵ÷ָ󵽰ɣ
ǽһԾϣȻֵܣҽɵﲻһȰǸϽɣ
ĳ
׿ǽ꣬ûĲһ˿ĺøС
٣һ˼ҵʲôνҽٹȻܹԼȻЩжġ
ٹСҪҰ񣡡
ƲλߵߣǸģĵ˵
ƲЦһвİ峤Ҫҽȹȥô
峤
׿һ֮ˣһһЩͷֻû뵽˾ȻƲʶ
ٹ˵ЦˣҺҿɲôû¸ȥֵֻҪҰѣ
ߵλ峤ƺЩΣֻӿȥһӲľͷ
ȻƺôԸ
ЦѾ䵽ôһųĵزǳĴŮֻϧò
ƲźЦҲǴһ˿֮⡣
κ峤ĲȻǸʰ·ġЦһ
ź峤С˼ǰɣһ˵ص˵ҽҽƲм˵
ҡҲûУЦЩε˵
Ʋ̾һŮ˻˰ԭٹģ㺫ЦҪõŮˣٹǲʵЩϧˡ
㡭Ʋʲô˼ЦŭһֻЩ
׿⺫ЦӦǸƲйڣҺЦô˸ûа취
ʵϣ
ײ²Ҳǰ˾Ųʮģ⺫ڴǴˡ
Ҹҽȣǲһص֡
ƲͺЦҲΪʢԽӣֻ⺫ЦһֱǱ֡
ΪƲûʲô취ڱƲ˵裬úЦȭͷ߬ĸ
ңû֣
ƲҲʲô֪࣬Ǵǣǿɲ㶯ֵĵط
˭ȶ֣ǵʱԿĿ϶ȶֵһ
ⲻ׼һ£ǿûй涨׼̱ˡ
ƲھҪ⺫ЦĻһĶ֣ʱͺʰˣ
㶯ԡЦ˰죬ҲǱһûӪĻ
˰⣬˵㳤಻ңʵңң㻹ҶҪĻҸطȥˣվۣ
ƲĴ̼úЦıѾǳ׵
׿źЦӣקһĸ첲֣Щ黹Ҫʵ˵ġȻλʲôٹ˵ţǾ͸ȱҽˡ
ҽЦЦٹԽԽûˡҸɵӾ͸Ҹҽȱҽ˵ʲôôȣӷ㵽ף
ƲƺҲǱ׵Ļˣֻ׾ǸЦһģʲô˵ֱӸЦˡ
˿̣
Цһ͵ĿףҲǱ׵ĻŪ߻صġ
ҽȱҽ
һﵽţ
ںЦǲܵ飬ҺЦǲʶƲߵǸˣ
λߣҽȵϣҲҽҽΪտǿߣ
˱ҽǲʲôأ
ֻںЦѾˣԼѾǶһɶ
ԣҲĹĵ˵ȾͱȣʲôβãǾκҪ˴һ˺ˣ
ûģ
źЦĻʵѾϣԼϣǼϣҽȵβˣ
ĿһƲǲң͵ĳû˵仰ɣ
ң⻰ҲܴĹ˵ñٹѰôıǲûʲô˼
ƲףҲǼЦһ
ٹ˼أ׿ƲҲǵȻһЦ
Ʋ˵λǼ֤ߣպĸҿ˺ǱٹɾͲˡȻǱȣǶȻҪЩͷ˼˵ǲǣ
ǣ
Ҳ²ؼ߸߹
Ц˿ϵЦѾʧʿˮ㰡
ãȻ˵ĻǱٹͲˡ
˵꣬ƲĿʼ˵ԵĲͷֻͷúЦһƨɲڵϡ




3889  ٹĶע
 

ڳĳ
ȻشԱȽƫƧ֮أɿȥҲʮֵķ
Ϊ޵֮أֻзӷ֮˵
Ʋ˿һȻĿźЦףдľױȵš
Ц
Ʋһѣ
⺫ҸҽҲ޷Ტۡ
˵ĳʵϻǵ꺫ЦƲڴѧԺʱµġ
ȻҲǸԻص˸ԵǼ壬Ҳ̧ͷͷ֡
ΪƲǺЦڶڴmְ˵ĹϵʵϻǻΪĹϵ
һƷʯΣ
ҽǮҪ֪ޱ֮ǾͲһˡ
Ҫ˵һƷʯǻĲʲôΪ޸İ
ڴޣƶ񤣬һƷʯĳǾЩˡ
Ȼ˵⺫ҲòһƷʯɺЦûеһƷʯӻĵز
ƲĻЦͨ죬ȻЩĲˡ
һһƷʯЦ˵Щˡ
Щʱǿԣ漰һЩԼܼʱǾͲôˡ
ô峤ȥƺЩٰҪٵĻԼӰٹȻôԣҲܹ峤һġ
ƲǇNɪľͷ˿ʮֵĲˬ
ܶ˶֪йڣҲǱſֵ̬

λҵĴС㣬˿̿ڸ̨֮ϳϷһ㣬üͷҲ塣
Ʋ֪ܲ
ʵϣҪõԼΪľǱЦ
ЦϲԼ飬ʵ֪һЩġ
֮иоһֱԼǰϵһ⣬׸
Ѿûκεİ취ˣ˭Լĸ˵أ
ҿûȴûԼĸ˷硣
һ˷ˣұ㳹׵군ˡ
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Ϊһ˲ӣʱڿ¶ġ
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Ϊҽȵˣһϣˡ
Ҫ֪Ҳ뾡취˷絽ҽȥҽΣǸʱѾûôʯȥ֧ˡ
ڣȻƲ˵ĵϣ
С㡭Ʋһε
ЩЩһ֮ȻЩǸȻٹ𣿡
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Ʋ֪ЦϲһιȻҪ⺫Ц˵ġ
β˸ǮûǮĲһ£˵Ǹ
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ҪβˣǾ͵ÿҽȵ˲
ٹˣСŮֻ֮٣ٹĪҪɷң
˵ϸ꣬һִҹķ緶
ƲҲһˮİһƷҪ֪һʮֺɫ֮ͽ
㲻Ϊ˺ЦģҲҪõֵġ
ƲٺһЦС㣬ʲôèҰˣҪǸ峤ôǿɲǺ峤𣿸οЩӹҽʵզΣϲơ
ٹķϻƺЩ̫ˣһƷʯ𣿡׵ʵ
ЦףȻһֽϣϵĳ嶯
˿̵Ѿ֪ôˣʵ׸ʶ
ʱҪ˵ײʶĻǱӢ۳Ц
ǣλҽг񰡣Ӧǲܾٹ˰ɣƲԴ˵
ν⺫ЦѡʲôǶȡ֡
ȻˣҪһڵĻǶںЦɾ˫شˡ
һƷʯУ΢΢ҡͷ
⺫Ѿձɽ˰ȻһƷʯòɨ˰Ʋһεҡҡͷ
ЦɫʮֵѿȻ׵ľܾ롣
ǵľܾʱЩʧģΪղôһ˲䣬ʮֵŰ
˵ȾٶЦĺ޲Ҹطȥ
ˣʵǶ˰
ٹĻΪЦһ
ӴǣʲôΪٹͽͣҲñٹúѧϰһô˰
Ʋһ֣Ѿǵӵʱˡ
һƷʯĳģ̫û˼
ƲҪ身Ц֮ʣϷԵһĻˡ




3890  ˭̼˭
 

ʲôһƷʯ̫ˣļٵİ
һְû뵽ҾȻôԵ˰
峤˻Ǹܰٹ浶ǹŪˡ
񫰡񫣬Ϊ⺫峤϶ˣû뵽Ȼ
ǵĳΧ֮һǼѣ
ֿʲôǿľЩ
ֱ˵ĻŻʲô˼أ
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ǺЦҲסˣΪ⺫ҿ϶ˡ
ʵ֮Ҳϣҿ˵ģΪʲô
ΪʵǲĽԼĸ׽ǰơ
ҽȵһЩ
֪һ˼ҽҰˣԼҲûȨ˲
ѾǵûĵزˣԭΪЦ϶ˡ
ڿ׸ƲˣҲǰһá
Ϊβ˾ȵĸף˿ֻ֣ȴԼ׵Ĳ飡
ʱЩŵĿųеľ棬ʮֵĸӡ
ֻĸӣվڶ̨֮ϵĺЦĸǸӵһ
ѹƲһ̧ͷǺЦ飡
ûʵһƷʯҲò͸ӲҪˡ
û뵽ԼòһԵλȴ٣
ѲǳԶԼḶǮ
ˣ
ЦʱȻˣûеף׸֣֡ǡ
û£Ӯģҵģ΢΢һЦ
⡭
Ц׵Ļ˶סˣȺ£
ʵϣǴ޵һ֮ں㣿
ǺЦ֮ǰֹ̨һף֮ԵѾǽˡ
Ī⣡
Цζ뵽վǰˣǿݰ֮һ
һƷʯǼֱëëѣ
Ц˿̻Ҫ˵ЩʲôƲѾ߳ŭСӣٹװβǰɣ
ѡĻ߲ģĳνǶĲĻǾͲҪ׵ĿһƲ
Ʋɫͨ죬ŭһ˵˵ٹĶעʲô
ܲ𣡡΢΢һ̾
С㻹浱ԼǸʲôأƲŭһȻϽ˵ôϻ
ȻٹҪ˵ĳ˵˵ɣʮƷʯôɵȻ
˻
״˻һΧ֮˶ǵһ
࡭٣ƲӶɳˡ
ȻٹûĻĳ˵һ飬ʮƷʯЦһ
ʮƷʯ㻹ĸҿڰ𣿱ٹҵġСӣĻϽٹԶԶġ
Ʋ˿̾ŭӣܵľԼпǱ˸ˣˡ
ǹӴݲȵģסˣǲӦǲ̫ҴӦ
һڣӮĿƷΧ֮ڣ
ʮڣȫĿƷΧˡ
ȻԼǺģһˣʱԼҽȵĵλǾͲ˰
ҽȵٹֲֻһȻ֮ΪٹʵҲǺüλٹ֮һѣ
ĻҽٹΨһĻЦ㲻ʲôˣ
ҽȵٹôʯ治ɣЦһ
ƲŭһʲôʮƷʯóӾ͸ģ
ٹǸЦúܣĹأĳʱò㴦ã׵˵
ٹǷҲڲ֮أܵ˺ܲ⺫һأ
ƲߣλԼĺ뵭һЦ
ϣ˼ǡƲһڿˮʵ
ҽȻڴ޲ʲôţҲᱻһССĺҸŵˡһ
ǰƲ˵˵Ҳǲһˣת˵ãʮڿ˵ģ챾ٹ档󻰿˵ǰ棬ʱҪò
ҪɱҪϤ㣬ֻʱҪòأ
Ʋδ˵ϱ˵ҽʮƷʯԴճġ
Ȼˣǻʲôأ¶һ˿Цݡ
һԵĺЦ׸ҽȵϸסˣڶ֪ԼӦ˵Щʲôˡ
ѾزҪ·ҲҲˡ
ֻܼϣܹʲô漣ˡ
˿̣
ǵ˸עʮʯĶעЩҲΪ֮




3891  
 

ʮƷʯĶע
˭Ҳ֪⺫ҵҽȵôŸɣ
ڵˣ˾Ȼƹ˺Цֱ˵ʮʯĶע
µǣЦȻԵɵɵûоܾ
ΪӣֻΪģڵĺЦûκεľܾ
ΣһζϵĿɲӣǺҵδ
һֱ˫Ѿö飬ЦƺЩӦ
ϵһĨ֮ɫѾԱܶ˶ó⺫ЦʵʮֵĽŵġ
һߣ
˿ҲĿɿڴû뵽ΪԼ飬ȻȾ档
һΣǶ֪ˣ
˵ҲǺ£֪Լ˵鲻
ΨһϣܹκԼĸס
ģѾ벻ôˡ
ǣң
ʱ׺ƲѾǽ֮УһƬңҲ΢΢̾
һЩǱϻǷ⣬һǼĶʧȥ֮ʣµľûκεĶˣ
ٹ˰
֮һһЩѾЦӭ
˽磬ø硣
ֻѾңƺ˷С
ĸƲ鲢Ǻܺãһ
磬ҵ峤繪
㣿峤һȥƲ˵
һƲĻɫҲЩѿٹĳȻţҲµ֮ˣ
£
Ʋԭ̬ƺ˺ܶ࣬Щ㵵Ŀ硣
Цһһ峤أҲȺװɣԭĳҲҪҽȵǰΣֻϧҲޡ
磬ÿ
˿һĿ磬̧ͷ̧ͷһ¡
˵峤֮Ӧöʮֵزǡ
ֻϧǣǴλȨ֮ˡ
˵˵㣬峤Ĳʮأҽ˵ֻ峤ơҪ峤Ūɣ
峤Ѳ㲻ҽȵҽôƲ̬Բ֮ǰˡ
£
λڴʮǿƵĵ£ǵ𰡣
׻˵úãҲÿ˲ǣ
ȻƲ֪絽ʲô취µķۣвް
Ҳٹ˵Цˡֻһ峤ĲѾ񻯵һĵزԱ˼Ǳƣ絭˵
Ʋ΢˫۵Сǡ
峤ƺҲЩǿơ
˵峤峤أҸ״˽峤ƽ㣬˶ϵ峤ֻϧû峤ơ
㡭
֮Ĩһ˿ɱ⣬һЩƿԣ
磬ΪҲ֪ʲôҪҸ״˵ĲҵĲƲǰɣҸ㣬ֻҪڣʲô룡
ߣڻʲôһƨɵծëҲûУҲͿɫʯˣʲôŭһ
üǸ֮ıԣɵ˶һȥ
׵ĻƲҲһ㶣˵峤ƺЩ˸㵱°㣬ٹþǿ°
Сӣ˵һ䣡
ƺƲһ̼Ҳŭˡ
Щͷ˵
ֹӻǺǰȻµ˶ôȥ
Ʋƺ´Ҳһš
һԵĺЦףԼѾٲĵزʵǵ̫ˡ
ҪǲȵĻʮƷʯɡҪǱȵĻͲҪԱЩҵʱ䣡
ƺûнͻȻ統¡
ŭһ˵һ飡
˵ˣһȥҪٲĻǾͲҪĳˣ׸磬˵ҲʮֵǿӲ
˵ˣڴޣҲʲô͸ʲô֣
úúã֣С֡бʹ߲ҪܡĻֱҲŭ֡
˵꣬һ̵ʧ˵֮УȻȥˣ
ƽʱĻֱӶҲпܵġ
ǰ֮ƺǺģұ֮һһЩټôȻǲҶֵġ
ˣʵҲǺٻѣ
ʼɣСǰ·ײڵ̫ãһƲҲǳ
ƲĴָţµ˶ҵﰡ֮ǰٹҪʶʶҽȵҽ
˵꣬˱㳯ҺԺ᷿˹ȥ




3892  ص˷
 

ҺԺ֮У
׻δţоһɼ֮ȼ֮ʮֵĴ˸оһ˿Ŀֲ
üһҽȵҲüѣ
ϵ϶һ˿Ļ֮̿ɫ
Ҹ׾ס֮أֻǡ
˿ѾˣֻܹúõκԼ׵Ĳ飡
ֻҪԼĸײܹ׬ñʲôҪ
С㣬㸸׵ΪʲôصƣλϿδݱ˵
ϣǲǷʲôʵ
̾һ峤ӵΧѾǱ֮ˣ˵ӦȥʲôӦȥĵط
⡭״˵ȥɽ
ɽ˵ɽӦǼ֮ذôܻصĺ֣Ӧð
üȻ벻ͨһеΪʲô
ֻһɽ֣ڼϼ֮׵ѾĨһ˿ײ⣡
Ѫ
̤Ьٴȫѹ峤ȥɽȻϻȼ֮ĻǻԼİͺܴˡ
룬ȷ⼫֮λãʡ׺ѰҲ
΢΢ҡͷҾͲ֪ˣҲ֪ҿıѰΪģһγ飬Ҳû뵽ġ
Ƚȥ˵ɡ
ϴǵǰ棬ƺûн׷У
ֻǵ峤ſһ̣һɼ֮Ѿ
ԼǿֵĻΧ֮ҲǺпܱ⼫֮ʴġ
Ȼ峤ôأҲġ
ҲΪʲô峤ס֮Բ֮˸ҿһԭ
Щνҽ֮󣬼΢΢ҡͷȻȥˡ
˭ҲԼСȥЦ
һȥЩĿ׵
ǶȥɣƲ̵
΢΢ҡͷٹɲǿЦģʵϰĹܲˡ
ŶôţƲʵ
ϵ˵֮ǿɲǿЦġֹӣô
ȥҽȥĻ̸βˣĳΪʵĻЩˣ׵˵
㡭úúãܺãȻ˵ĻǾ͸űϽɡ
ϵĨһ˿Ц֮еĲм֮ɫʮֵŨҡ
˽У
ƲһֶЦһǲǸ񾭲
Ʋֹβ峤ΪǼϾεú𣿼֮ǿЦģ
Цһ֮⼸ֵʱҲһ
룬ղϵıѾǿóⲡԲôεġ
ʵϣڵĺЦֻܼϣڴƽ֣ӱסͬʱҲס˺ҡ
κ峤ĻǺҿ¾Ҫùˣ
Ҫ֪һǿǵŴô˵µĶעҪҲġ
ƤĻʱ˭ܿǺң
֮ôҽֲûκùؼ֮ĲˣΪ֮ô
Ʋû˵ٻֻ֪ǣ⼫֮ҲǷֵֺܶġ
һ峤Ĳɲеôļ򵥡
ҪȻĻҲỹûнţüͷѾˡ
ЦһһҲǳȵףֻʱѾûκε·
ҲӲͷƤƲ㲻ҪΪҽҲ㣬ֹҲǼΪҽ
Ŷ˵⻰Ҳ𣿼ΪôСӿһ߸ˣôȣ
Ʋм˵ʵĻ»Ĳ˵ʲôġ
ҪҽĻҽȼޣҲλǰĴڣ
˿Ҫ˵Щʲôʲô˵ֻܹ˵磡
Ц˵Ʋ䳰ȷʲô˼ʱ˵ĻǸӵѿ
䣿һ䣿˭˵ĻЦһҶȻ㺫ѣ
ƲҧгݵĿźЦûκεı飡
ǣ㻹ǺŰЦֻΪҲûκε˽⣡
֪һﵽǴʲôطðģ
ЦЩƣû뵽Լ׽˼䣬ȴȻһ
ʱ֪һĻ¶ˣ
ֻûкҩԳԣҲһֳӶ˵ĸо
ۣδӰ쵽ƣ
ʱϣѾȫעĶ峤ż顣
ֻǵʶ֮˾йƤһ㡭




3893  ֮
 

˷ķڣ
վ˷ĸǰһϢ˷磬Ҳεĺܡ
һԵֻվһԣϵûʲôı顣
廹о𣿡
˷ɫһƬҰף˿ȥʮֵʹࡣ
΢΢һ̾峤ˣ˺Ӧ˰ɣ
ǡ
˷粢ʶλҽȵϣ˵ҲֻǶҽЩ֪ѡ
ϵ˵ҽλĳĪͣ
ԭҽȵĪϣ˷ʧ
˷ƺȼһ˿ϣ֪ڶԼ˵ҲֻŴɳҽϣ
ʱ˷Ȼڲ
һ̽û뵽Ȼ֣֪֮Ļ¾ǸһҲܳȥˡ
ֻûκεĺҩԳԣڵҲֻܹˡ
Ī΢΢һ̾峤ѾǶ񻯵һĵزڵļ֮ĵ⼫֮ųĻƸ޴ӽа
ĪϣһҪȾҰ
˷ȻҲϣԼطʱʮֵǿҡ
ĪͿЦһܣʵ޲߰
৵һ£
˷ɫѾǱֱ䣬оѾˡ
ʱ˷̾һʱҲҲȻˣǱ˷лĪǰΪβ
峤ǶౣذɣȻܹƣҲǿԻһʹġĪ޲ˡ
ʵϣ
ĪЩǣ˷ޣʵֲ֮ЩĪ
Ī͵ѹƲס⼫֮޴˵ʲôˡ
ԭ׳־һ̱Ū
峤㵽Ǳˣ
״˿̻ĳǰ˷Ҳʵ
˷һ㶣漴ʵλǡ
֣Ҳ峤β֮ˡ
ֹӸĪϲһģ˷һ㶣ֻǵģܵЩִ
ҽȶûа취飬ѾǶԼҪȥͷˡ
˭֪ҽڴ޵ȨԵжôǿأ
ߣǵһģһﾹȻҪҽȹȥǲĪ˵
ĪϺα׵½أĳȻôȻʵġѲûһ仰йۿ˵𣿡
ԴĿĪͣһﵽھȻ˵Ӳ
˵ʲôĪŭһ
̾һĪͣҪĻҶˡѾβ峤ĲҲ˵ڿʼĳѾڲ֮ˡ
ڲ֮أ°Ͳβ峤ĲɣĪ˵
֪η΢΢һ̾Ȼתߵ˷ĸǰ峤ĳǸղŵ⣬㵽ױʲôˣ
ֹӣʲô˱廹Ĳ֪ʱ͸оǰһڣȻѹʱ͸о䣬ֻǵʱǺءɺ֮󣬾͸оˡ
˷ѾǶãȻʶеģҲʣʶˡ
׵ͷӦˣץӦֻǶ㷢˾棬δҪ˼Ļ
ЦˣⲻǱϸղŵĽó˵һ飬֤ѧˣ
Ī͵ĳ֮ǲڶֻ׸
·һǱ֣˵֮Ҳβѡ
˷ֹӣʲôĲ֪
ʲôط˵ģ׿˷ʵ
ɽ˷ԥһǻش
Щֵʵɽʮǧ峤ΪʲôܵǸطȥ
һҲ˱˵ĵˣ˵ɽرֻرûпȴ󳬼ޣ˷Ƶ˵
һԵĪ͵ɽ󳬼ޣʵϽֻһֻ
һֻ˵ܶ˶ֻҲǿֻ
˷ЩŵĿĪͣĪϢԴԡ
Ī˵峤Ѳҽȵļأ𣿡
Ը꣡˷صĿȻ
ĪЩ˵ͷޣʵһͷޣֻǴ֮мΪ˫ͷޣ
ͷ˷羪㵵ʵ
˫ͷʮֵ֣˵һȵģһġ峤ǲǱ˫ͷ޸ŪӵģǾͲö֪ˡ
Ī͵Ļ˷о𾪣ȴƺ뵽ʲô
û˫ͷ޺пһѰѪĹؼ֮ڰ
Ҳ̸ɣ峤ĳȽڵļ֮˵ɡ
Īǵ٩٩̸֮ʣ׵ĻûĪһƨ˵ϡ




3894  ɵ
 

ҺԺ
Īͺ˷˵ϳֳ˼һģһı飡
˷磬ƺЩΪԼ˵ֹӣղ˵ʲô
Цŵ峤ǽⲢ̸˵أΪ峤Ʋ𣿡
ԲѣʵҲ˵ܹڵļ֮峤Ūÿ¾Ҫ
ĪͿ˷磬ҲЩŵ˵
׿Ī΢΢һ̾ĪӲðղĳѾ˵ڲ֮ص飬û뵽㻹ȡѵ
ʲô˼Īʵ
׹һֵҽȶѾ峤ˣ峤лĻƴһ£ûжܲܲ
˷¶һ˿ЦֹԲһ˿ĻĳҲǲϧ۵Ҫһ
峤˳ԣҲûбҪ˰ɣ
Īͷǿףһǳ
ղĪͲ̽һͷ˷ڵļ֮һļ֮
ܹɢ˵ȼ֮ޣʵǰ羳ȼޣ
𣿡һЦʵ
㡭úúãϵҪʲô£ĪŭһģҲһ
һﵽʲôţ
Ҫ֪˵ļ֮ҽȶûκεİ취ġ
ǣǺЦĺܣԼûа취;ñûа취𣿡Ҳһ
˵棬Ϊֵ¼°ɣĪҲͬЦһֱǿ֪
˷粻֪Ϊ˵ƫҲǿЦһλĪҪ˺
ߣ
ĪֻһҲưĿף˼ѾǲԶˣ׸ûʵܹ˷磡
ײٴĪͣʶѾ˷ϣ
һɼǿĺǹһİס˷磡
һʱ䣡
˷ϳֳһĨΪʹ飬ӼǸо˱ıԵ

ǱҪмǿƣĻһʲô⣬ʱͻᱻɣ
˷Ǻõ˼㣬֪ڵ޿¶ҳһܹκ
ףҲͲʱˡ
һʹɫ֮˷Ȼ֮оһʼĸסȫ
ţ
·Լڵ𽥵ų֪Ǵ֮еĻ֮
֪Ļ˷ԼѾǼˡ
ĪͲֻ֪֮ǾǰһЩŹ֡
һﾹȻģĿʼȻϲмҲЩ
ᳵ·
ĪͽǴ׵ַ֪˾Բ֣
ѲСа취
ĪôòܣȴѾûʲôˡ
һ£
׵ֺȻ֮䳯˷ĳץ˹ȥ׵ֳڵλãһɹɼǿĺǱסһ㣡
ܿ죬еĺʼĻۣһͱһѱ飡
ռ֮У˿˿ĺҲʵʵ˿Ϊֲ
˷ԭŵüͷʼķɣʵ˲ʮֵء
ֻȺʼı仵Ϊġ
һʱϵĺȫʴʱˡ
񼫺֮֮Ƴ⣬ȻȫĿס
ʵǶκһͨҽ˵Ƕʮּ򵥵顣
׾Ȼô̵ʱڽ֮Ƴ⣬Ī˶±ˣ
Ȼû뵽ǰһﾹȻɵľͽ⣡
һʱ䣬оһڣһӲ֪˵Щʲôˣ
֮г𾪻𾪣һоǰźõĴһ㣬Ҵžžġ
һ뵽ղ˵ڲ֪˼˵ֻʵֻΪײжѣ
ֻǰ֮˵ᣬȻԽ羳ʩչļ֮ˣ
ò˵ϴĵ֮иоһĿ־壡
Ҫ֪ʵ൱Ļôһأ
Ѳǰ֮ǰ羳ǿߣ
ܣ
Բܣ
ĪƺڰοԼеĺѾ׸ղŵľٶˣ
峤ҲڵĺѾǱʣµҲûʲô̫ˣֻҪվָܹˣ
׿˷磬Ҳ¶һ˿Цݵ
˿̵˷һȦ˷ܵһӴӴϱQ˳ȥ
ô죬ľԼŮ
Ϊ⼫֮Ů֮ǰһֱ޷
ֻǵ˿˷Ĵ᷿֮߳ʱƲ¶һ˿Ц




3895  СƲ
 

ҺԺ⣡
Ʋϴһ˿ϲ֮ɫ˷Ĵ˳Ҳǹˡ
ȻϺǸһﻹûгɶ˵һѾ㹻ˡ
ֻһԵĺЦѾǳ׵ʧȥɫʡ
ˣ
Цһʱ͸о˲ãԭ֮һ˿ϣҲ֮ҷ
ԭǼϣĪβ˷ġ
ȥһʱҵʱ䣬˷ѾǴ齲ڵĻˡ
ЦѾǻ֣̿Ѿ뵽ʮôˣ
峤ڸоΣ
Ʋ˷磬Ѿǲޱȣ·һжκõһ㣡
ƲҲȷǽˣʵһʼҲЩŵġ
ôҽβõĲҽȾܹκ
ƲҲҴƱβãǺ˿϶βõġ
ңǶڲ֮أ
ҲΪˣƲŸ˵עʮƷʯҽȻõó
ƲҲǰ;ΪעΪһʮʯôͽ׵˳ҽȹˡ
˷ģⲻǵڸҽӮʮʯ
ΪƲʱʮƷʯǿǹԼ֧ġ
ʱԼбĻǻЦе飡
ʮƷʯҽȵʵȵˡ
˷ЦһԭҽȵٹһλĸλĶҲǺѺİ
˷粻ҽȵˣԼһȫûзʲôã˵ʱȴǿġ
ΪĿƲӵƶĪκ˷ˡ
ƲһЦӦõ峤ˣٹҲǼúܰ
ǡ˷ҲǸ͵ĵͷȻͳԼŮķ˹ȥ
˿̿Լĸ׺Ҳʮֵļ
룬Ժٿɫ˲
ҲЩǵģΪ˴mô
ղſĹĵĳȥģҲΪǡ
ֻԼ׵Ĳ飬ˢĵǣֻҪԼĸ׺ˣ
Щ˵״ˣĺˣ
˷һֵˣ׵ĺˣֻǻҪһʱѣ
ƲݸһЦֻҪ⼫֮ˣôǵˡٹмʮҰɽΣȻǺ󣬿ǶĵĪ氡
⡭ٹ̫ˡ
˷翴ƲʮҰɽΣҲΪļ
ȻƲ˵ɣʮҰɽΣҲҪϰƷʯõõĶ
Ȼˣ
ΪԼոӮʮƷʯƲ˵Ʒʯëëˡ
ƲҲһͿʼǮˣ
Ʋ˵Ұɽζڱٹ˵ʲôοԺ峤ҽȽҲ˵أ͵ǰТ峤ˡ
Ʋһ˵źֵģȻ游β
ƲĿҵļҪΪҽȹŮļҲǺܿصġ
ںɫƲ˵滹ǿԵġ
οһԼҲѪģŮǿϧˣ
⡭лٹˡ
˷粢֪ԼŮ飬֪ĻĲԼŮҸЦġ
ƲЦ˼峤̫ˡЦ

ЦоԼ˵ЩˣһʱƲԼҲסˡ
ô˵ˣ˰
ƲźЦҲǲм˵
Ц˫ȭգһԲĿƲƲǹЦЦʮƷʯʲôʱٹ
࣡
Цĺһķɬϵſˮҡҡ
Ըķ䣡
Ĺأο治ĻǾͱˣ
˲ĻǿҪġ
Ȼû׼򣬿ЩǱڵĹ˶Ҫصġ
ʲʲôʮƷʯ˷һͷˮƲͺЦʵ
ʲôʮʯ峤֮ǰؿ²֪ġ
˵꣬ƲѾȲĽµ˵һ飡
һԵ˷֮Щ㵵ʵֹǺ峤ҽ𣿡
ҽҲ֮ΪҽǸŵѣ峤㻹ĸ˵ӰƲһֵ
ٹ㲻Ҫ豾ľˣҽĻѾûˡ
˷˻һžһƬ




3896  Ī͵Ͷ
 

˿̣
ҺԺǴ۵С۵Ŀ˷硣
ƲǺЦǼΪԼˡ
ҽ峤㿪ʲôЦƲŵĿ˷磬Ҳ¶֮ɫ
һԵĺЦԭĽͰͣѾǸоȼϣһ㣡
Щק˷峤㡭˵һξȺ˲ĪͶֹ𣿡
ȻҽȵĪ϶Աڵļ֮޲ߡֹӳȵĻ±ͽˣ峤ҵĴ˰
˷翴źЦҲЦе˵
⡭ļٵİ
Цоǲ̫ţΪûʲôŶȰ
Ȼ֪˷ӦòᵱƲ鿪ЦһоôĲʵ
ƲҲŭһ˷磬˵ʲôôܡ
סڣ
Ʋ˵ʱһֱӴڴ
ŭ֮˲Ǳˣ֮ǰȥĪͣ
˿̵ĪǸоԼϻۣĪͲͬƲ
һҽΪ֮ˣǵֶεʱղѾǸ¹ˡ
¹ԭ򲢷ǵǸȻҪʦѧգ
˵ʵ
Ϊ𾳺ڵǿߣĪȻǸо׵ַ豹档
֪һǰ֮˾ԲʲôƲ硣
Ȼδ˵ף֪˵ʵԲԼĹ֮£
ȻˣҪǣ˼ҵҽԼûп
ǿǰ羳ǿʩչļ֮ͱ˼ôɵĸˣ
ǹܹƽ⼫֮Ҳǻ˽ʱ䡣
ǰ֮ȣǼֱһһذ
ϣңһвġ
ƲоԼ׵ķˣΪĵĻʮںԼδǰ;
ʮƷʯĻԺҽȻô죿
ĪһһθԭΪǷˣϻΪתˡڿ㻹ˣϣŵﵽԼĿġ
ϣҡûУûУƲˡ
ĪһˣһʮƷʯϵҪô˽
ôǹܲţʮƷʯһӶ٣ȫ峤׵˵
ǣǣֹ˵ǡ֮ǰͶеֹӼ°
Īʹ˿̿ף̬Ҳû˭ˡ
ͷȻ˵ĻĳˡԶˡ
ֹӣڿǿǣʵҪΪͽġĪͿףҲǿ˵
ΪͽҲǲԣЦŵ
Ŷ˻棿Īһ˵
ҪĳΪͽҽϵݿ¾Ҫûˡ
Ī͵츳ȷǷǳĲǱоҽѧȻʵܹﵽ˵ĸ߶ȡ
׾˵ȷһֵ˲š
ֻĪ͹ҽȣҽȵıǴm
ѲѾ˼ˣΪ޵ĸ֣пвǴ
⡭ĪЩвᣬܿҽȵȷñ粽ˣȻ˵Ļһ䡣ֹӲĻԸ׷ֹӣΪľӡ֤
Īͣ㡭㾹ȻұţƲƺץסʲôŭһһ˴ͨһΪľʮƷʯ

ĪŭһƲĻֱǣ
㡭ҵţƲҲŭ
ĪͿЦ˼Ҫ㸸׶жΪһֱҽ׷ֹӣҽ˵ʲôأˣȥ߹ˣһӱȻȥ˵ģ
ͽǸһڣƲŭ֮£ҲǳƵ˵
㡭Īɫһ䣬ʵҽȶԴͽӲֻһԵ׵˵ʮƷʯ첻͵ҵĸϣĳƽҽΣ
֮ʣǾͲ͹бƽҽȣ
Ʋ˵ţҲûס
ס˵Ļ֮дһ˿ı䣬ƲҲֱ֣Ӷݺݵĵݸһ֮ˣ
ʮƷʯ飬ѾˣҲνˣ
ȥҪĿģǵһң
ֻ֪һߵˡ
ƲȻȥЦҲǷĴЦʮƷʯ
˵ʵûֻҪóѾոˡ
ڿףҲЦ˻
ɻδȵЦ׺ѣһ󼱴ٵĽŲѾ𡭡




3897  װ淸
 

ҵĺԺ
ոȥ͵磬˿һε۷ֻһβԼˣżȥɷ֮ˡ
ǰ·˷˻δü˷ֺɫ
ֻǵ翴˷վһ̣Ҳǵһ
Ҫ֪һȷ˷ûʲôĿԣŵռ峤λá
˻Ͷ£Ϊµſ͵ġ
˷磬ȻǺܴ󣬿Ҫ뼸Ķ֮ȥ
Ͼһ飡
磬ʲô
˷˿̿ԼֶӴߣҲһ
ȻЩ鲻֪Щ֪ġ
󲮣㡭㾹Ȼˣ
ʧ𣿡˷˵
һԵ״ˣ
Ҫ˵Ϊ֪磬Ӽ㱻֮У
˷һŭݣ˵
˷Լֶ൱ĲôҲû뵽ԼֶȻ˵ĳ֮Σ

һ̣˷ǾԲġ
˷磬Ϊϡ峤֮λôôȫΪҽķչ粻ţίΣʶȤĻùԹԵҵĻ
翴˷磬һ㲻壡
óڿ£ȻҲ첻µزˡ
㵽ʲô˷˫ȭգϵڴ˵ĻѾǶŻˡ
ǰǴ˶Цŭֱ޿ˡ
绰һתѾٸ˷ˣ˿ֱָף
׳Цһ㻹Լ£ĳмΪūΪ֮˵
˵˭ΪūΪǸ֮Ϊǰ֮ˣɫʮѿ
˵粻ھ˵Լ
ο
ſ֮һλԺһְ
˵Щſ֮УοҲһˡ
Ľɫʵֻ࣬ʵְλǱҪߺܶࡣ
ʵھıӻ֮£ҲԼˡ
ټʮֵĻ£εĺת
һΣο˵Լ˱۸ˣȻ岻ݴǵľ͹ˡ
ֻյңԭοΪЩɪɪ͹һĹԼľδ֡
ȡ֮ǣȻ˸Цˣ
γϣǺҵˣǹ˷βš
˵׿ܵݣΪ֪׵Ǵʲôطðġ
ǺҲһļѣҲοĸǰ˵Ĳ񣿼ֱ
οǺҵˣҲǿЦֹ
һССĺңοֶ㲻ϡ
˿̵ĺЦ֮ոǣȴӭϻ
ĪͿοֵγϣӦЩġνԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬűϿǲ̸һ̸
ߣҵʱ˭أԭҽȵĪĪϣ޹أҽòҪ飬Ļܲ𣡡
οĪͣҲŭһ
οľһ㲻ҽȵӣǸղűһһȻʮֲˬġ
γϵ˼ֵΣĪʹ˿ѾףȻҲˡ
ȻҲƵĺܣٴ˿Ӧñâ
ΣΪ°£Ȼһж£˳ԲѷǱ¡ҽܳܵ𣿡
οٻȥƵĸо
γϣĪĳϻһǧƷʯֹĪĳѣ翴Īĳϡ
ĪҲûа취Ǵǵĵͷߡ
飬ǰҲ顣
˷ͺЦѾЩˣΪǸûʵ˶
ʵҽȣУҲǸŶѣ
棬дmء
ߣһǧʯĳɲּǮۿˡȻĪϿˣĳһ㲻ҽȵҲô¡´εĻǡ
οʵѾʮֵĶˣͶ²ҲΪԴ
һ˾ܵõǧƷʯȻҲ˵ʲôˡ
ϾִˣʱҲճ
ȻƣοĻҲֻ㬵߿ˡ
лγϡĪҲһֻҪܹ½ʣµľԺ˵ˡ
ֻǾĪóԼϵʯʱѾĸǰĳĲûµˣ붯ĳ㣬ҪʯһûУ




3898  ̳˵
 

ĪͣҪˣ
οдŭݣԭҲǣû뵽Ȼơ
һĵӻǹʵģȻҸ˽а壿
˵ʵĵĪˣ
Ҫ֪ǧʯûʲô̫ĹϵҲ֪οӲ
һΣԭֻΪҪѡ
ϾڴǣңȻ˷֮ˣ飿
οȻΪʯ׵鷳ˣжЩʧġ
ôοռˣûг
ĺԼοһ㣬Ʋ
ֻû뵽ο߱Ī͸㶨ˣǼһﾹȻһεıQ˳
һߣȻϷγϣǺҵǵӷʵĺܰ
ЦѾǱ˿ɫֻҲ֪Ӧôˣ
׸ոհɹΣƲȻǼǵõġ
ڻδȵͣˡ
ЦЩĿףϣܹһ
ֻһ룡
ЦһεʧˣЦһ̰֮ˣҲ߳ƪۣ
䣡
׻δ䣬οȭͷѾֱ׵ǰըˣ
οУ˭˵Ƕʹ
ֱӶ֣
Ī͵Ҳһ׶Щˡ
翴ο֣ҲǼѣ
Ҫ֪οǿڵĳǿߡ
ֻϧǣĶּһɫ羳
ڵǿͨߵǸ߲ʵĴڣ׵Ǿ͸ûʲô
ο֮дһĨɱ¶˲̵Цݣ
һ̣
˽Ϊ׿϶ҪˣϾǿߵŭɲһܹܵġ
໣
һĺ쳹ҺԺ˶ۿȥοһֻ첲Ѿǳ׶ʧˡ
֮ӵѪģ
ѪȵһĻ̲סҪŻ³
ȻЦȴѣû뵽׾Ȼ˵
ȻҲ֪ĺҪԵĲһοҲ˵أ
˭أ
ټǳĻӣ½Ҫùľˡ
ǳһһ֮⣬Ѿûκε·˲
ѾǵˣǻдϢĻᰡ
Ργϡ
һӲҰޱȣԭУοһСӶȻĲˡ
綼뵽˽ôв˷ˡ
ǰһĻԭ׼˵Ƕ˻롣
һ̣
οһȭɱʱѾֹסĿʼ
졭ߡ
ο˿̻һЩʶֻϵľ֮ɫѾ޴ˡ
ڵһ˼֮⣬ʲôĳ·
ûУ
ο֮еĿ־ϡɼղûп˼ҵôֵģ
ԼѾǱģ˵ʲô
˵˴˾ǰ羳ǿߣΪ𾳺ڵǿߣҲȻ˶̵ʱڸԼش
羳ǿߣ
һ뵽ߣοĶˣղžȻвһλ羳ǿߡ
ܹѾǲеˣ
һ̵Ĺ򣡣
˴οѾʧҺԺ
ҲҴȥҲҴңѾȺģˣ˭֪⻹ûеأ
ЩˣǲײĲˣ
ֹӣЦףҲһݵ˵
ֻ˷ȴֹӣ㻹ǸϽ߰ɣο¸ǰĺˣһ֪˵Ļ¡
ǰ¶ԼǿʮֵĻӣǻȳ˵ɣĪͿףҲѯʵ
Цŵǿеºô
رڴmĵλʮֳߡĪͳ
ǿʶ׺Ȼʵ
ʮ£ĪЩɵĿѯʵ
׵ͷӦǵģҹϵǲ
ǵճʮ˵ʵǲС˵mҪѰҽӰˣѾųˣλܹڰ֮ٶȳＯƷʯĻǱΪһ˳λļ̳ˣ˵Ѿңңˡ
ĪͿףҲ̵
ƺѰɣ׷ʵ
Ī̵ѣǹ涨ڸκεմȾ˽µĽסҲ˵ʵҪõƷʯҪѰֶˡ˿Դⲿá
ŶĹһ֮ˣֻһⲿ˭Ҳڶ̳˵δο̳˻֪Ҫòܼ̳УǸڣҲΪ˰Цŵ
˭˵أڸλ¶бΪľڶڴļֵܶǵӴʯʵҲΪδһرĪ͵
Īͣʶĸֱۡʵ
ȻʶĪ͵ͷ
ǰ·ĳĻʱ򰡡
ζ˵һ䣬˭Ҳ֪˵ĵʲô˼
ֻ׾Ȼʶʮ£Ҳ΢İһЩ
˭뵽Ŀأ




3899  ɶ˰
 

ڣ
Īͻ峤˷磬Ǻҵ峤Ц
ǶѾǸ׳ʮĸۡ۶ȥ
˷縸ŮңڵѾǲˡ
ھſǲʶʶĻɱ¸ۡĻԺοл͵ˡ
ϾȻҲٹ֮һ
ĸۡǰ
һԺ֮˿׵˵ĵҲǸϽȥͨ
һ׶Σб⵫Щʵˣ֮֮
ԣЩ֮Ҳ֮ǰǰˣһҪǵδпʮ¸ǰĺ˵Ļǵòʧ
ǵϲûзһ׶ǻ̬ȷǳġ
ܿ죡
һϤӰѾӳ׵Ļ֮ǰһֱԼĴ޸֣Ѿǻص˴ޣ
ĻʵҲѾǵ𾳺ڵ۷壬ʱǳ
ֻĻôҲû뵽׻ͻȻǡ
ղ˱棬ڼϿ֮һ׵òĻӭôһ
Ǽ֮ҲǰңҪǸղΪǰ֮ˣҪĽ
ֹ֡ӣôᡭ
Ļ˵Ȼһ˿֮Ĳ˷Щ졣
ĻǴm֮ˣȻڴm֮еλܸߡ
ձ󰡣mģǾʵУ˼ұҲޱȲ
Ļӭף˷Ҳһ
ЦһЩ飬ȥ˵ɡ
׵̬ȸΧļסˣĪҲʮֳ羴Ŀףֹز¶
ôҲû뵽λ߸ϵĻȻ̬ȡ
鷿֮У
Ļֱӽ׵˴ķڣ˿׵һ̣ҲǸϽ
ֹ֡ӣҲ˵һأȥӭ
ȻĿԼ̬ȻĪ͵˾㤲ѡ
ʲôʶذ
׵ҲνݷҪ¶ģʲôʱ¶һ
޽Σ
Ǻܺãѹܴ󰡣
һԵĻֹӣʱǿԵģֻһжҪʥð
ĹǱߣЩһȥһ˵ġЦŵĹЩٹ˸ʲôʯѡΣ
ֹҲ֪飿ЦŵЩٹûб֧֣ûϷʵҲǸ״ҪЩ֮гȡһЩΪĲ䡭
ĻҲǵͷƷʯʵ̫ˣʮµĸǴǰ׼ң׼ڴֻһļ塣ǱĴȣᲢۡ
Ļʵǿһ̣Ǽѣ
˵ڴ޵ȷǲʲôʵٹ
ǽǲͬգôһϵȻҪ׿ˡ
Ļ˼ʵҲǺˣҪоĻǿ»Գˡ
ƷʯʲôĿý˻ԸĹ̸һ̸ǰЦŵ
ڲǴĿ
˿̣Ļ֮˾𾪵Ŀף
ĵʲô˲ܹ˵Ļ
ؼǣʮºĻȻƵƵͷ·ûκεɣ
һ̣ĪͺҪ֪һʱ嶯˵ˣǸʲôͷ
֣ʮµĻɾʹܶءĻЦŵ
λǴҵ峤˷磬λǺҵ峤Ц׺Ȼ֮䳯˷縸ŮкЦ˹ȥ
⧲Ҳǹʮ¡
ֹӣ˼ǡЩѯʵ
ҵѣԺǵİΣͽˡ
һ仰飬Ǵ˵˺һëȻĲǣ
׵ĻҲ
˷һʱоЩܳǲ֪Ϊʲô׵һ仰Ȼ˵ã
ˣĻ˻峤Ȼȥʮ¾ʹĳǰmһ˰ɣ
׿ĻҲЦŵ
õֹӣھͰ븸״˵ļˡ
Ҳһ˵׸״̸ĳɹĻôĵλҲֱߴġ
˷һȦǷһ㡣
û뵽ǵĵ˼ֹӵĸǰҲһ仰顣
Īͣ˿Ҳ֪Ӧ˵ʲôˣֹһֱ޵ͳ߼棬⵽ɶ˰
׸ȥıӰĪʹ˿ƺҲЩ˷




3900  ѵİ
 

mڣ
mİɫÿЩѹѾǴ˶㡣
ôİִޣҲıһǰš
ǰǡл
ǵͬ˴޳˼Ϊشı֮νǸܵС
İҲȡ޵ĸ֮ء
ֻϧǣҶ
Ϊǣһȫһʱ䣬İ켸ÿ춼µļĸоŴδ
ƺҲ⣡
İ׵ıǴ޵ة๦๦Ǵ޵һͳ˧İ磡
İҲİĵܵܣִ޵ľţȥҲʵġ
İִƴ޵һҲǴܹôһ
ȻǾϵʵǵĹϵѾôͨˡ
ˣĪʲôµ뷨𣿡๦İһԲҲȻ
࣬˧Ϊ黹ǾĺãҴʵĲ𰡣İ翴๦Ҳǵ
İһĿǰ֮ʯԣ򱾹ôأ
Ŀǰ»пܳΪһƷʯ֮ˣı󡭡๦Ҳǵ
İ̾һСȻ츳ϧΪ̫ߵûе֮簡
İƵ˵ȻҴm˶˵һûһܹ뱾۾ġ
˲żٹǶᣬδڰ๦Цŵ
δڱγ֪ܹȵδ𣿡İı˫ۣԵʮֵꡣ
ˣѲʯͶĽӰĻǿٹҲǺܷϾȻƣȻ涨˲塢룬ɡ
๦İ죬Ҳ˵
ԼǣٿԽȼü֮Ʈҡһս˰İҲΪǵ˵
ιǸʲôȻܹڶ̶Щһ´ޣȻƿڤʵ˲Ⱑ
İʵҲ֮һǸ͵ĴޣҲѣ
һνˣһ߶Ҫﰡ
״˴δ˵ǲ֪ĸʯͷĳģǵ鱨ԱûľϢֻ֪Ǵ޵ػߣľûκεѶϢˡ
๦Ҳ̾һִƴе鱨ϵͳ
ɶףȷһ֪
ԥľΪ𣿡İ翴İʵ
޵ȷ½ĹʵΣҲóȻʱһùĿ¾ǴޣΪ֮սĵضΣ
İ뷨࣬ҪǵĶҲܶࡣ
๦ͷʵҴõİ취Ǹһ
δأİü
˵˼ǣ޸֮仹˵Ŀԣ๦Щ㵵ʵ
Ҳûпܣ޲ˣĿȻ˵ָޣһǲҪˡ޸֮Ǹһޣ޸޵ĹϵͲ˵˰ɣ
İԥΪ֪ⲽһߴˣǽٲĵز
˵Ѿ̸ˣֻ֪ϵУǵҪҲʮֵĹ֡ҪפפǴ޾ڣֱ̫๦
ˣȻ˵ûڵȷѡʱˣѡǴޣǴ޶սİ
ҰģʵǶڴͻˡֻһڶѣҴƶ񤣬벻ǵķۡΪҪһ˷һô
İЦһȻ֪˵˼
˵ʵ
İѡĻԸѡޣҰ
εmһ㶼˽⣬һ޼ֲ̫ʱ䣬ǵʱҲ϶Ƿֱ
๦ˣΪʵܼ򵥡˻ǴޣʱȲҪ֮ʱڲСȻòʲôҲܱȫҴ޲𣿡
һʳΪĮ޲Ҵ޶˼϶ֿµȺܾˡİ̾һ
ôѡ·ǿ
Щ죬İ챻޽ѡŪѾͷۻ
ƵǣǴ޿ǾŴ֮Ψһһսģʵ޻˵ˣ
ˣʮҪ
İʱһ
ֻİ˶üͷѲ֪ԼʱҪش




3901  İ
 

m֮ϣ
İɫÿ˵˵á
ǽһ׶Σʯһ㡣
ٹǱĵĳƷʯٹ֮λ
ȴû̫Ķ˵ǷĽࡣ
Ȼ˵ĻС̬ȴİʮֵĲ
˿̣
ҪҲʮֵ
ΪһֱΪ˺ʹ޵鷳ģ˭֪ʱʱ
ƫƫԼӾͲʡģ
ߣʲô֪𣿡İ
һԵ๦Цŵʮ¼ȻˣӦҲµġȻ绻˼·أ
˼·İЩƵʵ
๦˵ʮǰһʱ䣬ӦöԴʮֵϤҲ
ߣѧСӣʲô
İд˲м֮ɫǲԼӡ
һԵİˣΪԲȻʮˣӦҪ顣˧ʮҲôˣ
ðɣȻλ䶼ôΪǱҪкҪ£
İΪѾǶԼӷˣ˵Ҳ飡
ʵϣ
Ҳʮ㣬Դ֮оһжˡ
ټѾΪ޵mԼڴ޻첻ȥ͸ȥ޻ˡ
ֻ֪뷨Ҳ֪һΪʲôҪ
һˣѾ˴mĴ֮ϡ
İ컹δȵڣ㲻֪Ҫʲôôż
״ˣһǰΪ˸״һˣ
İ죬Ҳǹ
ԱߵСôȥϡƽģΪôİһʵ
׿İ죬ҲЦһĹƢ𱬵ĺܣҲµ⣬¶ô
󵨿ͽȻҸҹ˵
İ翴ײδ¹˵侹ȻѹԼһͷ˼Ҳŭһվ
ǣмֹҪʲô飿İȵ
ĳ˷ǰһʮ´mļ̳֮λ׵˵
ֻɵһ仰ֱİڵ
ȫž
˵Ŀ˲סףƺ˵Ļ
ǰһεºܣȻ˵˴ԲѵĻ
Ҫ֪һİǸһС⡣
ƷʯǿɲʲôСĿ
ǴΪǿļţҪóƷʯҲҹ֡
һɵ˵ⷬİ֮ġ
ֹӣ˻棿๦ף¶һ˿Цʵ
ĳϲ˿Ц
ǣƷʯֹõĳȻǷϹصġϾʮµˣֻǴ޵ļǿ¾ͲϹ涨ˣ
๦ףҲѵ
׹һЦĳԴޣȻ
Ǵ֮ˣ㵽ʲôˣİѹѾֱӱƽףֻ׵ĵİҲһ
Ҫ֪ʵѰ֮ô˵ĵأ
ĹӦ˵㻰֮˰ɣʮ¼ȻĹȻӦǴmһ˳λļ̳˲𣿡
Ȼ˵һֻ˭֪㵽ʲôĿأ
İѾĿʼ̸ˣһΪʸ̸
׹Ц˼Ĺ˿ЦðѲĳóڣΪһ𣿼ȻóôصĶעȻԼĿĵġ
ʲôĿģİʵ
Ŀĺܼ򵥣ϣ˻Ĺһ׵˵
㡭㵽˭˵ˣǡ
İһӾ˾ƺôļ򵥡
ǰ˵ĵȻб
Ϊʲôѡİ첢֪ҲڼҪ顣
๦ףбһƾֹǲ˵ݺĻǿɲҪҴдˣ
ǣд˵ķʽƺ̫ѺðҴǾ˷ǰޣĿľҪ޸֮Ĺϵ
׵һϯֱİ˵ɫֱ䡣
ǲŵĿף·ʲôһ㡭




3902  OR
 

m֮ϣ
İӶڵˣĿɿڴĿŰȻԼ֮ϵףʮֵĹ죡
ף
İҲǾֲѣ̫ˣʵ̫ˣ
ԭİ˵λm½ᣬôҲû뵽˾Ȼôᡣ
λãȷ˸оֲˣ
Ǵ޹ף
๦Ⱦ˳ʵû뵽λոճΪ޹ļһȻǴm֮С
׵һЦ˵Ļ໹Ҫȷһ
ԭֹݹ٣ʧԶӭʵʧˣ
İһ㶣ָˣ
ܿ죬ѾǴԼĹ֮λȥվ׵ĸǰ
Ѿ㲻ϸˣֻܹԶԶվһߣżλ֮ĶԻˡ
Ĺˣ¶һ˿Цݡ
ֹҹãȻʲôˣֹʾ
İѾ֤ʵ׵ݣ˵ҲЩſˡ
ʵϣ
Ҳǰ٣˭ðףǳıӵˣ
ĻֻҪӲ㶺Ȼð޹ġ
ȻİҲԼĶӸ֮ôʶģⲢص㣡
׻һԣЦŵĹӦ֪ǰmĿİɣ
ֹ뷨֪İʼղɿڵ
׹һЦ˷ǰΪľںã֮ǰؼƿشޣ´˺
ֹ´еĿĲֹڴ˰ɣ๦
ֹȻˣǵ翪żɽˡ๦ԱߣİҲǵ˵
˶İ˼ᣬ˵ܱİ˵ҪһЩ
Ͼİ˵ĻǾʹ
๦İ˵ˣİ컹лز
΢΢һЦݷֱڼɳ֮ʣ֪֮е׺ȥδӰ
ֹЩΣ˰ɣƺԶδֱĵزİݸһЦ
Ĺǲ뱾Ҳ˵ǿ󣡡
ĲУ
ֱӲģҲʲôĸյһˣ
ֹĪżȻҶ֪ӵȷûʲô˼ֻǣһȫҴ޵δƿڱһ֮䡭
İ쿴̬ǿӲҲ๦ʹһɫ
๦ǰһֹ˵ĵҲġ޸ոոĳ¡ٷϴٵʱ򣬲֪ʲôԸأ
ûаգֱ˵˵
⡭๦׵һ仰ûҭ
ЦһҴˣٿԸǿ˲ǰ
ֹӦ֪һǴͶˣǿ¾һˣ๦Ҳֱӷʵ
׵ϵıû˿ı仯ͷɣǿµһùҲǴ޲𣿡
ֹôţ๦ʩѹ
׶豭һڵ޿ԣ˷Ǵųǻ˽Ȿϲв
ֹղһʱڿ죬ʵǱ֮ⰡİʱҲվ˸Բ
Ҳû뵽׾Ȼ˵ǿӲѲʱӦԼ
ɴ·̸ô
ʲô
İоһıƣ˻Ǵ޵λֹûн̲˰
׿İΣΪҴ֮սȻ˵ĻĹΪβѡһ׵ĺأ
ʲô˼İʵ
˳񣬴ƺӣǿп޵ĴǰɣһĹӦ֪ô£ѡʵǿۺĴĮޡ׵˵
ֹ˵ûЩȷʲôܣҴҪҲһ仰飬Ҫôˣİ׵ĻҲǿӲ
׹һЦѾʼϴˣҴޱˣҲΣڵϦˡҴӵλ֦ͬûеڶѡˣ
ֹҲ̫һɣ๦ǲ
׵һ˲ǣǺпܳΪڻңڶ飬Ĳ𣻵һΪսҰģĮ޻һս𣬿¡
ֹеҲ£ǵһֶζѡҴ޸޺ܵõʲôô
İ˿һͷ֪ô˵Լѡˡ
һʱ䣬˶ףҲȨס




3903  İ
 

ΪΪ
İĻҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
κ飬ֻҪ̸棬ǱǱȵˡ
ղ׸޷˵ǰƣʵַ˵
İ϶ģֻֻԼĿ˵ǸоͲһˡ
İã֮ʣʱ˭г⣬ܹĵط
ֻǰǴ޵ĳ⡣
İҪͨȨԼѡ׵İվʹܶˡ
޺Ҫ
ǵȻģ
Ȼ֪дԼǰΪһ壬ʲôĸ
޵ǵʱ׽Ҫٵߴ޵ơ
Լأ
Ŵ޺ڤ֧ţ˵һӾͽԼء
Ȼ׻ĿصסǴۿ϶ǼΪصġ
ײôֻܹ££޳ΪΨһһĿǰ£
д޵ļˣ˳ѹͻС̫ˡ
˿̣
İֱĶף·ѡѡʲôƺûκε塣
ѡˣʱڻʲôʱһĮǱ߾Ҫˡ
ѡޣİоԼҲ·һ
ҶǸȻĴޣİôоԼһ㣡
ʱֻܹˣ
ҶǲѡһԼһɹˣʱҲ󻯲
ĹǸʵˣȻ̸һǽͺ̸ˡ
׿İ죬ҲˬʵЦ
һԵ๦ֹ
İ쵭˵ֹϴ
ҪһҪʲôЦŵ
ҪʲôֹܸʲôһֹӦ֪һ˫ǱҪԿ˰Ǿһ
İ˵Ҳ٣ȷǾһ
Цһ۴ôѡ񣬻ǾһҪ޶ĵĶԲˣ
ֹȻ˵ĻǱҲͲˡһ㣬ϣܹ֧ԮҴǧʯľѣ
İ쿴ףԭҪ˵һǧʯģΪһǧʯɲһСĿ
һεս¾һս
˵ƶ񤣬û㹻ʯΪ֧ţºǰʿܹ֧ȥ
ǧʯ
־ǿµģİ׸ּۻۡ
ϾҲ֪˵־һֵġ
ֻȴȻһЦĹȻˣǱȻС˫ŽΪҪġֻűʯĿ¡
ֹǧʯȻ٣Ҵ޵ʱΪսʧҲǲСġ
İ׵ĻҲǾ
̸УǱܹҪһһݵģΪһݻǾܹһϲ
һԵ๦ҲǵҴ޽ʿǰԡѪսǵ޶СҲҪģǧʯȻܹ࣬ô޶һϣֹӦò˵İɣ
Ĺ˵ļǣֻǱĻδ˵겻𣿡
ЦеĿİ๦һ̣Ǿǰλֹ㹻ǿ
Ȼ˿ȥᣬ̸еĹȴʮֵ
Ǹܹ׵ıпʲôĳ
ֹϴ
๦ЩŭֹһѲ
Ľ۸ѹĺܵ͵Ļµʱһε̸о̸ˣ
ǧƷʯΪ޵ľ貹
׿๦ӣҲһĺЦ
ǧڣİ๦˼ͬʱ
ôĹò𣿡ݸһЦ
ֹǡʲô˼๦ʶĹʵ
ޱһңȻΪ˴һ㱾ȴûǡοһδҴܹʯʲôأ
⡭ֹȻͬ˰๦Ҳǲò̾
˵ʵ
Ҳû뵽ײڸּۻֱۣӼˣ
һʱ䣡
İ죬๦İ綼֪˵ʲôˡ
ǧƷʯǿѾ֧źܳһʱˡ
׵˵ƶ񤣬û飬ҲѾںˡ֪ĹʲôҪ󣿡
ֹˬ죬Ҳˡİ˿̾Լǰһһ㡣
ƺɥʧ֮ǰ̸еһЩ壬˵һʼûʲôøеĻ
İѾǾЩˡ
λ˼һ£Լ׵λϣ˵ĺ
ҲǴӦԼǧڵҪˣ
İ˿Ѿ˼ƽϣ֪ʹ޵ĺҪ¿ʼˡ
׵˵֮ĺʲôݵģҲΪ޵ѣ
Ǳ˵ڶˣԭϣֹܹ֧ԮһЩš
İһЩ̫˼ˣ˵Ѿȫû֮ǰǿӲеֻˣ




3904  
 

mڣ
İ֪ĶһЩϸ֦ĩˡ
ȻĺѾ̸ˣǳ׼ˡ
İ쿴Ǿööˡ
ֻû뵽׾Ȼ˵ĺԼһǧƷʯ
Ǯе
İ˿Ҳʮ㣬֪ǧƷʯҲսŴ޵ĵһѣ
ǧƷʯͻһ޵֧֣Ѫ׬ġ
׵ĿһͳǸٴޣջǶ
ֲһ뷨Ͳһˣ
İ컹ԼǵС̣֪ǣѾǽĿ磡
׿İ죬ҲЩֵʵ
ֹЦˣǰޣɷ˰ֹֻ֪ǣҴ޸ǲһ
๦ףҲ̾һ
ԣһЩ˽⣬ֻǲ֪еĲ࣡
Ҳʵʵ˵ƶ񤣬ӦҲƶ񤵽˵ĵزɣ
Ҵ޾֮ʿһƷ޷ɾ֪ľ֮УƷ洦ɼģƷȻ󣬿ȴҲǾ๦̾һ
׵ͷȻĹ࿪ˣԸȸ޾ʮƷ
࡭٣ʮİЩ
ʮƷȻڴ޿ȥǺܶ࣬ڴǿɾͲһˡ
ңֻԸģ
׵˵ܲλѪɣͨʱ򱾹ʮ½Ӱɣ
ʮ£๦һ㶣漴ˣʮΪ˵͵ΪɲҴһٹ
׼࣡
İֱ˵ĸһȷĴ𸴣𸴲ǸģʵڸףǵĺѾʼˡ
Цһϲʮˣϲϼϲ飬һƷʮƷһƷޣ֮ã
ײǷˣҲɵӣ
ʵһУѾˣ޵ʵǺȶĻ
ο޵ĶŲãѲɵŸ˵ô
һ֮ս׶Ȼ̫ıġ
Щû˿׬޶ûˣǾʲôûˡ
ֹʵǲ֪˵ʲôˡ
İһʣµֻижˣ˵ģ˵ʱ´ӦƷʯĻĶˡ
ֻʲôûиǴͷ󣡣
һУǿǴ޲ѡվڴһ
һΣİƴһԼվҲܹŸҡβ
ֻû뵽׻˵ĿԼ
˵ǧƷʯһĿĻô͵ôֵѾǳʯˣ

˿̵İãѾˡ
֪Ϊʲô˵֧ԼΪΪm׵Ǿǵһ
ˣֵԼһԣ
ĹʲôҪ𣿡ɵȻƺղôĶֵһһ㣡
İЦŵʲôҲٿˣ
Ȼ˵ĻǾ͵ĹҪ˵ɡĹ˽ĳΪˣֻҪǱѣġ
óֹȷǺˬ๦ҲЦŵ
һ⣬ϣֹΪҽ󣡡İЦŵȻˣشΣ֮Ѿעˣ
ĹʲôֱʣȻˣǾ̫ˣ
ײİҪ֪֮Ϊıǳ֮ˡ
οǴ޳׾ûİ취
İʵֹ˷Կޣжٵİգ
˴޵ļˣҪҵȣκεĿԡŵ˵
⡭ֹĪ̫һЩɣʹȴ޸ưҴް羳ǿҲ֮ϴҲһλʵʵ̫ˡ
İЩǵ˵ûʲôġ
ЦŵޣҲҴѡ
ǲİڼڤĻһֻڤĻֹǲ𣿡
ûн꣬ĹΪƾʲôվ̸أΪҴ޲̸Ц飬Ҫ֪ıǣҴߣԶ
װʮ㣬Ŀ֮дһ˿ɱ
һ̣İչֳҰģҲİһĿλmơ
ΣһϣˡİҲһƺһбҪһЩ
׿İȻĹ˵ǱҲһ󡭡
ֹ˵İһ㶵
׵˵ǰҴǡ
ʲʲô
׸ո˵꣬İΪԼˣ




3905  ж
 

mĴ֮ϣ
İֵԼ๦һȦĿף
鿴ȥһ޶
ԣʵЩʯƾ죬һͷˮ
˵ĴޣһĿĵʲô
ƣȻ˵ĴǴ޳׵
๦һԼĭֹղ˵ʲôҵδ
ЦŵҪҴޣǱô᲻һЩأ
ֹ˼ǲҴл๦ףҲҪӡ֤ԼĲ²Ƿȷ
һԵİҲǵֹ˼ҴޱӦˣȻǽøһ׽
ա
İҲ˴Ĵָ׵ȻðգȴҲʧΪһ뷨
ΪԻǷǳĸߵġ
ֻǵΪǵĲ²ȷʱȴҡҡͷҲ޿ίߣȴҪ̫Ķ
⡭ֹǵһηĻǿ϶ʯƾġʱٳ£Ǵ¾ҪΣڵϦ˰һʱ򱻹ƣǴ޿ɾŻĿˡ
๦Ϊ޵һة࣬Ƶķоݵġ
򼸺ʹȫǰ˵ıǡ
һǱƣʱȱھͻԽԽ󣬴޾ٶıҲֹ˵Ĵˣ
һ㱾ȻˣĹ𣿡Цŵ
İЩ׵˼üֹ˼ǡ
Ҵ޵ĺ֪֮Ҳǰλ֮ȻҪϢˡ׳
໹ǲֹ̫˼๦һҲЩԡ
ݸһЦȻӦ˺ɴҪޣҲҪһĿƵİɣ
ֹȻ˼ܰһȷˣҴ޵òʲôôٿԽڵĴ޺ʹĮ޵Ĵ赲⡭
İһЦ޺ʹĮ޸Ǵ޵Ĺϵʮֵһ㣡
Ȼ˵Ļô޵Ĵ֮֮еˡ
ʣµΪ׵ĴޣɱȻҲġ
ü֮һĨɫֻҪλ羳ǿߣ򣬱ȫǣ
ֲɱڴmĴӣİЩ㵵Ŀף
ɱڵĻҲһѪŵĸо
˵ʵ
һֱѪʮģȴ෴һֱԱȽϵ
һΣİ˴׵Ͽһ˭ľ
һһѣ
˵ǿӲôôأ
ֻİ˸оֲǣλ羳ǿ߼ϰǾȻǣ
ƾʲô
ƾʲô
˵һ̱ʧܶյĻôڶʱڿҪڱQҪ˼ˡ
ֹȫ֮У޷Ǿ֣һ־Ǻ˹ˣһ־Ƿı
׿İ͸˵ĵһˣǵڶĻʱ޿ȫϼɱڶ
İֹԤǰеĻôؽԳصĴʱڶʱڲܻҲܹȡһ˿ĴϢ֮
๦ףҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
һԵİüֹаܹЩȫ£
ʱĹĺϢˣȻ˵ĻȻһЩġ
׿ˣʼչԼϣ˿κε
ֻ˭Ҳ֪ʲôİ취ܹסôǿߣ
ʱ򱾹޶֮ǸɽʱֱʣҴ޵ĴҲʱԮֹ
İҲЩǣһǱʧܣҲòУ
׹һЦĹܹˣǾٺòˡֵֻܲ¾Ҫ֣һʶƣʱǶʱڻἯװԴʵʩı
ֹԼǣֻҴֹ˶ĺôȴһ⡭İЩȻʧЦ
׵˵ǴٲĵزǽƾҲ޷ıˣҲȻˮġֻеסǵһҴ޲ʸչĽ𣿡
лֹ
İһǷԷθĸж֪ô˵Ϊ޿ǡ
ֻԼû뵽ֹȻôʵڡ
Ϊ޵m֮ȻһֱΪ޿ǣİԼѡˡ
΢΢ͷm˶ӣҲͲˡ
ֹȻ˵ĻǱˡԶˡһֹɣڣİ
ڡҲǹֵ
̰䲼Ϊ޵һٹִƴбǱĽޣҵڳ֮⣬κεðҴٹ֮ˣɱ֮Ȩٹڣ
İ֮дһĨ֮ɫһβǸȨˣȨԼˣ
֪ǻڴޣЩֻпԼӳˡ
һԵ๦İʱҲ΢΢һ̾ȻҲû뵽ΪӰ˵ģȻ˭õ
׺һεĻصʮµĸֻۡǵȴſڵֻ۾ţһĻ
˿ǣĻȻˡ




3906  ǿƵ
 

ʦôˣ
˿ɫʮֵѿĻʦͽȻǶ׵¡
ɿԼʦȻˣҿȥ˻ᣬܲŭأ
ûʲô¡
׵ʶѾɨһĻ
Ļɫʮѿ̫ʵ̫ˣ
ô£ʵ
Ļ׵ֹ֡ӣ峤˷ŮſڱץˣһͬץߵĻкҵ峤Ц
ץˣ˭ôĵӸˣŭһ
µˣĻĹĵ˵
ƣ˵ŭһ֮ǰһֱ۸Ҳˣû뵽һξȻ
˵Ҫýֹӽҡ͸Ƕˣ
ĻҲĻʵҲû뵽˸ҵ˺
ǣĻ࣡˵ȥʰ
⡭Ͼ»ܹϲġĻϽ
Ȼ֪صġ
ĺܣʲô¶ˣȻӰ׵ļƻĻǵòʧˡ
ٺһЦû£İɣ
һгķ򼲳۶ȥ˿̵棬ʵֵĺܣ
ҽȣ
֮ǰ׷ͻţҲѾһεĳ˴ڣ
ƲһＱҴҵĸϻҽֱ֮һϹ˵
ԭףӲ˵ĪͱţȻףƭҽʮƷʯ
Ʋûκεİ취ʱ³Ҫжˡ
ֻƲеĪ׵ļŭҽ㽣
㽣һ˸ϵҵʱǡɿץˡ
Ȼ㿴ʮ˷˳ͻ
㽣ԥһǾǰΪĪͶʮҪץסֻпˡ
ء
㽣Ķ棬һλ߿㽣ҲЦе˵
þµˣ鷳ˡ㽣ҲЦŵ
֮֮ˣΪ׾磬µʦҲպȨĴ֮һ
λ£
׾֮ǰĻԺοɱҲŭ
ⲻǳĽ˲
ѾãҲˡ׾絭˵
Ųңͽҵ
㽣ʮֵĴô˵ʵϾҪѰµ֧֡
ΪҲ֪ڵǸʲôʵĴmδ̳˵ĵһѡ
ҽȻʵǿԣҲĿȥ
Ͼȥ˼δػӡ
ν˻ᣬ㽣ͶδпܳΪ֮¡
׾Ƴһ㽣ǾҪôʾˣ
㽣֮ʵʮֵǿĻԺҲǱ
ڴǣû˭̫ͷ϶ġУֻ˵Щ̫ˣ׾һ
סϣǰɣٲ£롭
ڴ˿̣һ߹ڵϣ֮дһĨֺͰ֮ɫŰ׾硣
ףǺǳϢ˰˵Ǻƺûʲô̫ĹϵȻǲˣǾҪۣ
׾˿̿źҵ峤ףҲǲм˵
˵⺫Цץߵʱûһȥϲ
񣬼㲻Ϊ˺ЦΪҲòϥˡ
һССĺܹ
ϣֻֻҪǺģһ߾ȫðʧ¸ǰԼ䡭
׵޾İ²òͷ
ߣ㺫峤ȻõֻҪɱĶӣһ׾ޱ˵
Ʋ˻ҲǵĿһۺЦźЦбжˬˡ
ֻҪһعȥˣôʲôϵأ
ϣŹЦǺΨһǡŰ׾ĻҲɫɷס
׾ٺһЦйϵ˭СӲ֪ôأҿȷĸ㣬ǺΨһܴȥĻᣡ
׾磬˵ǲҪݾȻһССļ壬ôôأ
ڰ׾Ŀź׵ʱһϷʵѾǴ˳
˶һƣѾ˪һ˳




3907  ˭ţƣ
 

ǰ
Χ֮࣬ܶ˶֪˰췢顣
ֻǺܶû뵽ǣʮ֮Ȼ˻𻨣
ĻԺοɱžɱͶʮ
ٽǾ͸Ӿˣֱɳǵĳǿ߰׾ˡ
ôҽֵıµʦʮʮµʦ֮ŨҵĻҩζ
ҵǰ֣⼸ǣ
ֻʮµʦĻʵ֮׾ѷɫ٣һĻҲ൱ҡ
Ȼʵûʲô£ɵʱĲ˿ΪǾͿˡ
ܶ˷ӵƺҲûдֱ֣ӽҺͺҵ˸Ѻ⣡
ʵϣ
׾ôҲĵģ죬֪ܶ˿ߣ
ô
ʵΨʵΨһıϣ
˭֪Ѿڸٹ
Ҳ˵ºпܳΪδĵһٹпܳΪδ޵ƶ֮ˡ
ݣڣ׾Ҳûܹµͷϡ
ʵϣһԺʲôʲôҲ㲻ϣ
ֱֵնɱοĲµ
׾ΪʮҪѿ
ԣһҺͺҵŪڴ⣬ҲΪɽ𻢡
飬Ѿ˼ȶҪôҪǱһݵĽ
׾Ҫǰ￴ֵ˿޵δƿ˭У
ʮҹãȴǰͨһʵǲ
׾̧ͷ˿ˣҲǷһ˿Ĳм
һԵĻŭһ׾磬㾹ȻҶҳ֣˭ĵӣֵmֵǱߣҲưոݣ
Ļȷŭˣû뵽ԼȻô˵һ죡
ǣԼȻ˸ˣ
Ȼ˵ʵ֮˵Ҫǿݱ֮˵ҲҪ߳һЩ
Ļȴʲֱܴ裡
׾ЦһֻݹٷŻյƣĻⲻҪľǺ㰡
ߣ׾磬㻹ɫĻŭ
׾˵ĻͲҪ߸ϷˣĻԺңѾǷꡢ˾֪˵ɱ˵ʮŵģ
׾磬Աʦֵ𣿡
Ű׾磬Ҳŭһ
ʮ£ӦעݺԴǣڴ֮ͥͷ¶棬߶򣬹ֲ㲻Ϊһٹĺѡˣ
׾Ĵģκεĺɫ
ԭƾǾϵѲʱ򻹻᳤־Լ磿
ֲһūģ˵ҺͺҶǱˣȰ㻹ǸϽ֣
ǣʮʲôʱΪˣʮձɽ˰׾Ц˼
˻ǲˣһ
ˣʮĪȱ𣿡
׾һĵĿһ㶺ˡ
ôĶΪ伸ˣ
˵¶ˣǰ׾Ҳ˰ɣ
˵
ʮ¿ӳˣºεݣҲ˼˵Ļ඼ú׾Ц˼
׵˵Щˣ㲻Ͳ֪ʲôߵغ񣡡
Ǻˣ׾ʵѾǲ²⵽׵˭ˣ
ֻû뵽һʱȻ
׿Ű׾ӣЦһڷˣִˣʱùԼ
һԲѵģ໹ǲаڣ
׾翴㽣ҲǺٺһЦ
ڴˣ㽣ѾǴƲĿе֪ǰ֮˵ݡ
Īվ׵ߣ㽣Ҳŭѣ
˾ͽˣøһŻĻᡣˣ˵ɡ
׾˼ˣɱǼһԺϵ˱
飬ҷһߣ
׾ö֣ΪһӦǲԼֵġ
㽣ʵҲʮֵĲ׾Ϊ㽣ʵѾ㹻ˡ
ˣԸֹѧϰ֮᪻ʲô˼Īʹ˿̿㽣һ
㽣ŭ㹴ˣҪƭȡҽʮʯù𣿡
ĪͼˣҪ˵ѾĸǰӵĻˣĻôأЩˣ㲻ˣǲ˵Ļġ
ǣڻҪĸУ㽣һһȥһƴļơ
ֻ׿㽣һָͷ㣬䣡һ
˿̣
ȫһƬž˵ݵĻ֮⣬˶ô㶵Ŀס
һĪǸӣ




3908  Ʋ
 

䣿ÿĿ
㽣˱ŭѣû뵽׾ȻҸԼ˵Ļ
һԵİ׾ҲЩŭ㻹ǻʮµˣֻһڵġ࿴ˡ
ҪɱĳģĳĽˣ׵˵
׾΢΢ΪԼһֱܿɽ֪Ȼ˱ԼӵĿˡ
ѲΪնɱһο;Լ޵ˣ
οʵȻڰ׾Уǲһѣ
׾ҪնɱοĻ練ƣ
Ҫ֪ǻʵİ羳ǿ߰
ʵϣ
׻ûдҪնɱ׾磬Ϊ羳ǿߵݡ
ֻһǿߵĻôѾǳΪ׵Ľˡ
ֻϧʵ߳˲٣˿ֵ޺ʹ֮ʡ
ȻҲ̫嶯ӦøĽѵҪġ
൹Ҫʲô൹£
׾һ̤ǰɳʯȥΪֲ
Цһʵ𣿡
ߣ˵׾ʶ˵
̾һʵҲΪĳĶ֣

׾һȭѾֱӺɣȭͷ׼ķ֮
һʱ䣡
˶ǽŵĿˣϾ׾ʵ֪ģ׵ʵǲ֪
峤׿ǰľҲ̾һ⡭һĪǷ𣿰׾ʲôѲ֪
˷翴ź׵峤ʲôõİ취һֹֻˣ
ӮˣһؿҲȥһᣬǺһˡ
׿˷磬֮дŵ޾ľ֮ɫ
һԵЦһǺ겻ˣǺ겻ˣһǺһܹɻڴҲ˵أ
⡭лʮ³ҵԺȻ
˳ŸӾˣûа취Ψһľˡ
ݶղסĻǺһϣûˡ
㾡еİǣȥϣҲǱȽϵã
ǵЩСǶڴmǶ尡
ʮʲôģԼû
ʮԼ챣סԼˣпո¶
ֻǲ֪ڽڴmһѾǶתƣȫıˣ
ˣǾͲҪߵȥˣȻᱣסǡǸҶ㣬Ǿ͵̤űʬȥ
ź׵ˣ֪ЩСȻһ㣬ҲһһεĻ۳Ĳ
СһЩĻôһֲ
֪Ҫڴ㣬ܹ⿿Լ״˵ļ仰ҪԼĻۡ
죡
Ŀʲô
ѲɽΪ˾ȸ˳ô򵥣
ȻǣҪͨޣδ޵ף
Ź˽ǰȺۣ
ʱ
˷翴ЩʮţǾҲ޺ˣ
ЦҲҧҧƴˣ
¸£ЦЦҲҰҲգԼǸʲô
Ʋ˿һε̲סû뵽һξȻ˰׾ϳ֡
ֱֱӭ˰
ȻߣƲѾǰͲסԼˡ
һȻҲٹ֮һȣ˵ǿп޵֡
ƳһƲȻҽԺǷڣ϶ˡѻߡ
㡭ҲƣΪʮǵµУ㲻һСѣ
ƲҲЩˣҪԼǲ糹׵ĸѣǶĲ
㽣˿ȻҪֹԼĶӣɻѾ˵ڣֹֹʲô
ӴԺ󣬿ҽľֻıӻ֮ˡ
̾һϻ㻹ĵǲè𣿡
֮ˣ˭֪㵽ôģ㻹İԼ̲ˣ
ƲҲ˺˺ʮֵĳףûиԼκεĺ·
Ȼ˶֪ʮ¸¡
ɵһٹȻʲôǵѡ
ȫס֣
ڴ˿̣һͷڵӻĴĸ˳
˿ˣҲһһ㡭




3909  
 

պϣ
λͷڵһƱסˡ
ΪΪֿȵٹ˳Ϊһδm̳˵ʸ
ҲΪˣеֵһ̣˶䡣
׺Ͱ׾ƺҲʶסˣ˵Ŀ⳯ķ˹ȥ
ƣ
λ޵£Ѿվſڡ
²μ£
˿ƵĵҲǺȻ¹
ֻǶȴûκεıʾ׾翴ʮ£ΪүɼҲġ
ҲӦ򱾹񣡡
ƵˣҲһ˿޵Цݡ
һԵ㽣֮ҲЦ
ֻѾˣﻹ˵ķݣ
ƿҲǵ˵ʮܼ²ƺ˺ܶ࣡
ĸãЦһ
Ҫ֪֮ǰһȶʮֵ͵ģɽͻȻ˵ĸߵҲŭѡ
⣬ô˿أԼȥǲǲԼ
ҪǲŪ˵ĻôԺƻʲôأ
Ƶ˵ʮܣӦ֪Ը˴ҵˣԼ˵ô죿
绹ǻ˵οɱ˱ɱˣ˵ԭοûʲôϵҴλȨСѲɲӦĪ£֧һȻλСˣ
ߣɫ֮±Ҳ̸οҲǱնԺϣɶǵǼڲģɱӸ״ƶĴ
Ƶȷתÿ죬һֱӽmĹϵһ
ôƺѾһͿˣ
ֻһЦ͵ԸɱŰⱾȥɱοοԼҲأĪΪҵǰֻܱװӲɣ
ʮڲŵĲǰôûзسأ飬ˡ
ƿھٹ֮ƺ岻죡
һҲǿ֣ƺء
һٹѲľΪԼٹ֮λȵ
ʵȻ
Ѿǵ˲ܵĵزڷ籩ģпĸҲ˵ء
磬챾һ仰˱ˣʹ˽ҹԺܹúõġ
в֮Ա
ֻ˸оһ㵵ǣ˵֮˺˵ˡ
ԭ仰Ӧ˵ģȴѾǱ˵ˡ
ʮǲǷ˰Ѳѹȵķˣ
ԭҵΪһѪŰʮµģڿƺô°
ߣһѣƾʲôأ
зʮôʲôأ
һвмģв²ģҲпֵģǶ´
鷴Ҫ˿ǲˣһˣһβ֪ʮµǷˣǿԻڰأ
úúãõúܣʮܣǿԵģ
ҲǱЦôҲ벻ʮܾȻ˸Լ˵
̾һ磬Щ鷢չ仯̫죬㻹Ҫư
ڱĸǰװŪ챾ֻһλᣬɱ˵˸򡭡
ƺҲûĸίˡ
ʵϣ֮ǰȷҪֳһҺģڱ̼Ѿǲڱ״̬ˡ
ڲʺˣҪǲ㷴ĻΪԼǲèˣ
ʲô˵˵һŹֵֹġ
Щ٩ĿƣϷѾǳ׵ļŭơ
ϲЦտӣһʮǲ߳طˣ
ߵóȥ߲ȥƺѾòˣӦõĵǽҪ˵Ļ
ƣҲü֮һ˿ļ
˵ʲôĪ˵ĸǸū澲ɣѾٸκεӡ
ݣ
һֻǵƺͰ׾˿ŵǸɫӵʱ˲һͷƤ顭




3910  òͷ
 

ͽޣ
ʥƺͰ׾ô᲻ʶأ
Ҫ֪m֮УмȻʲôļƷļֵȴʮֵķǷ
һͽޣⶫΪ˵ĵطǼͬһ㣡
Ҳ˵ֻҪ˭ŽޣǱӵ˳նɱm֮κ˵һȨ
Ȩ֮ҲʵĽѣ
һΣƵ˴ΪʲôΪĲͽ
mĹҲƵĸİ֮ǰѾ³ŵ˭һ񣬱㽻λٹͽޡ
ΪģΪͽޣҲҪƴ
ʱһиԼ͵ˣһɲնɱô
ֻ͸Ҳ̫ףΪһǾֱûʸˡ
ȻԼҲͨ΢ŪһЩʯʯոһʱ䣬˭˵ȥأ
ƾƷʯҲڶʱóȥ
һȥģʱҲˣ
ƵҲǲżԼѾûʲôˡ
˵ĶѾ˽ĺ͸ˣССֵѾֱƵгˡ
ڣļһȻŸ״͵ĽޣǺεȵķ̣
μˣ
ȻһٸԸҲǹ
޵ĳ֣ͬԼ״˵ĵ
ƺͰ׾ͻȻ¹򣬺ܶҲѧĹ
ͽޣʵҲв˵ģֻǺܶ˲ʶ޶ѡ
ƵºͰ϶ѾȷˣҲûκλɵıҪˡ
磬㻹ͦʶ
ƺûд˼ƣָоüˡ
Ȼбƣ֪ʱʱ
Լһʱ£ʱŭ˸״ˣǵòʧˡ
ʮܣòҪͽ޿ЦȻ֪㵽ôõģ㲻ҪԷ٣ҧгݵ˵
һЦ״ͣһ֮˲̣ܽԿɱ֮ĪҪһ
㡭֪ٴ״˵ǸʲôĺƸһܵõͽޡ
һ룬ǷˣҲⶫЦġ
һʱ䣬ԴҲ벻ͨһеΪʲô
׾Цһ£ҿʮеöޣǼٵġΪѾȷʾ޻͸ˣ
ϲǰϣĵͷͷǵֻϧǣˣɵķǳá״һ˾ʹ͸ˣ
רƵʹ
ŭһƨõóڵʯ
ȷòòǲɣһֹ汾óƷʯǲ˼ˡ磬һҪʧˡ
ƣҲЩǸȻ˵
ֻı֮һ˿ĵǸ棬ȫȫ䡣
ˣ˵˭״˿˵Ǵ޵˿ɲܲеġ
ƺҲоˣһз·пܵġ
˵ţڼͽһֱڸ״˵Ĵָ֮С
ҪȡһĿԶûС
Ƶɫѿû뵽ԼľӪôõ飬Ȼһ񣡣
Цǣڻ֪Լװʲôط
ֹӵ㻹Ĳ֪Ժһ֪ġ죬ֳͽޣڼϱ½һٹǣҺͺ֮ˣҪֱˣ
ԭЦʧȡ֮һɫ
ڡһٹʲʲôʱ£ɫɷףȻϣ˵ĶǼٻ
֪ӦòǼٻԼʮǲˡ
˵Ҳɣ˸۸ˣ⸸״˵ּʹˣɺϰ
ƣҲʼ
㡭㵽ʲôǸ߰ͷ­һЩ
ԭһ˲仯ΪӰȻ˵ԺûлˣϢʵ̫ܴˡ
һð׾±ʦǸڶҺͺ֮ˣǱұۣ˭ԺҶǱǸȥҽңɱ⣡
ƺһУҲ֪ûκεİ취
˭ԼֳͽأɵʲôҲûˡ
̱˵ϣһѾǳ׵Ľˡ
˷ͺ׵˴˿̿ףǵҲһء




3911  ø
 

ͽһ
ƵѾǳ׵ʧȥԭĹâȻҪ֪Լˣ
Լõͽ޵ģΨһĿԾʲôԼĸ״ˡ
Ȼڻ֪ʲô
һ㣬ܹΪһٹźѡˣȻǿ¡
ٵģôֵıɡ
Ҫģôڵĳ嶯ȻܵӦĳͷ
²òͷ
һγ׵ĵͷˣΪ̶̵֪ļ쵽׷ʲô飿
һԵİ׾磬ȻŭҲûκεİ취
Ҳ°
ڿǰ羳ǿߣΪĻǲֵˡ
ƺͰ׾ȻȥĨһ˿Ȼ֮ɫ
Ȼ֪һж״ģлǰͲסļ֮ɫ
ߣĻǵܶࡣ
˽׵ģһԵ˷ͺ׵ѾĿɿڴĿǰһС
֪ԼΪʲô±ϱ
㽣ƲǴ˿Ѿ̱ڵأһãȻ;֮ɫ
ʮ£⡭⵽ô£
˷翴Ҳǹڵϣ˺֮ɫ
˵ڸոգҸ״ˣҲǴm֮˶Ա𣬱δmһٹԺǾ͸űɡ
ڡһٹ
˿̣˷绹ǺףǶǼѡ
һģôײˡ
һٹ˭֪Ǵmķ
ˣǾͶ֪ˡǰ֪Ҳ޷ˡһȻ˵
һЦŵ峤峤Ͻݣ
μһٹ
һ׵ѣҲǸϽ
Ǻף˿̾һ㣬֮Ա
һЦԺ峤ͺ峤ʮĻԺˣ˭ҪǣǶǸȥ
򵥵ļ仰ʵϵչʾԼļ⣡
˷ҲЦտû뵽һξȻøˡ
ҵԸΪһٹϹѣ˷ͺϲ˵
֣ϲˣ״˿̿һԵĺЦҲЦ
֣ҪĻҡǿһΡ
ЦҲͷȻоֵĺܣܾײôļ򵥡
׶˵̬ʵͿԿó
һп¾˼ֹڱʹ
ЦһֹӣΰţҪȻ
Ͻлһٹ
ôҲû뵽ԼӾȻɵɵȻ֮иţｨ˹ϵ
ȻʵЩܲˣȴʮֵ⣡
Цһ㶵һٹĳʵ¡
ʵ£츳ǷǳĲʱԴһ࣬ʵ𣿱ĸϺöҲǲٵģ
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ЦһֵİĳͲˣĵ̡
Ȼֹô˵Ǳаˣһεȷϵͷʾûκε顣
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ֹӵʲôݣȻǵõһٹҲ˽أ
ֻʱûл֪׵ˡ
ЩŵĿôһӣķɻڴˣôҲ޺ˡ
ЦһЦߵȱһûȤ
⡭ЦһЩȦˡ
ʱһԵĺôҲû뵽Ȼôһְλ
ǿʱʱ̸̿һٹһְλĽĽġ
һ̳дͳʱԼҲǸ󽫾ŪпһԪ˧
лһٹ񰮣ײȺЦӦԼȴӦˡ
Цһãͳ֮ڴһԵˡ峤㿴⺫峤ɺã
һƾһٹţ˷ϲһԵҲǵʹԼӣ¶֮ɫ
úúãýҲܰ׵ҽȾλ˺ˡһԵ㽣Ʋ¶һ˿֮ɫ
һʱ䣬ЦѾ֪Ӧ˵ɶˣǴ֮еϵڱɣ
֮ǰ׼ĳô֪ᷢôأ
ֻһп»Ҫл֮ǰվ˵һ乫ˡ
˿̣
ַǷȴѾȻ̤˻عǵ;
ɽϵѪҲ֪ܼһʱ̣֮ĽѾλˡ




3912  ǰ
 


֮أǴ޵ġຮ֮ءˣ
ΪӴޣʵνĿຮ֮ҲǿԵġ
ֻΪλãһֱǴرڻĵ֮һ
ںؼ̨֮򼸺Ϊһܵĵش
ҲһֱϵŸԵĵ̣ռɽΪ
Ϊ޵Ľ֮أҲһ֧ڰš
ֻΪܵشǵľŽı˽˵ء
ĴmҲֻǱίߣʵʵ۵֣
ǣ
ȻǾصأʵҲһΪĵضΡ
Ϊ޺ʹ޵óǽУҲŴ֮
ʱ
׶һǵĽͷǣ˿ûиִܵսٵϢ
ߣĻһĨ
ڽͷҲ˲Ŵm˵顣
ܶ˶ǳб۵̬ȵģһЩ˶϶ǵĳʱȻǵ򣡣
׾ڴδ֮ǰȥһǵĳǺҲ
սڼ׵Ѿ˼ȶһսԶȻҪоĴ
һеĻȽǸһܲ͸ķ֮ǡ
ĻʱһƱ˻սǵʱҲһ档
Ϊm½ĹǵҲԼ
׶ϲô˵ȡһս۵ʤ
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ǿԾܹһЩһԴ̼Լζ٣ֶΪأ
ҲһԻÿһطҲǻƷһµصĲȡ
ݣÿһεĲȿζͬҲǴ󱥿ڸˡ
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Цһһλ
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λС˿ףҲЩǸȻʵ
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УС㲻ϲһԷ
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3913  ޴ڵ
 

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3914  װʷƷ
 

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Ԭұͺһ㣬ټϵңⱻְģ
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3915  Һȥ
 

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״˷ǣԭҪһԬҵǸһ򿪾




3916   겻ɢʷ
 

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3917  ̰Ĳ
 

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˵ûϣֱɱ˱ǣαظϻƪأʷƷҲ
һԵ֣ˣСΪԺֱӽԬhԬҸۡǸһͽɴϴúˣ
Ԭ̾һ˵ʲôأ
ԼλûڣԾһ£ʷҿڳϻԼ䡣
Լ󽫾λöûˣѾܳıˡ
黹飬ԬhͻС£ײ峤ٷˣʵǱǸĺܰ
ԬȻûűףҪһ
֣ԬĭӶ˵ˣԬǰɣͰ˵İ죡
㡭
Ԭû뵽֣ת侹Ȼ֮һЩסˡ
֣ŭһԬ֮ǰ󽫾ʲôҲǣ㲻ҪԼڵݡ˴ϣҲ˼飿ԬhǸ¾ֱ֮ɱ˵ˣ
֣㡭ԬҲŭһ
ʷɽһ΢΢ͷ֣峤ֻ֮ɱ˱ɱˡţ˶ѺʷҸۡɣ
ŮĴͲҪΪŮˣԬhԬҲǲסҡͷ
£ʷɽһ
ĳĻûȥĳһλᣬԬңǲɱ⣡
һ˲䣬ƶȻһ䣬ȥޱȣ
ֻһ̣ʷɽѾǹЦ




3918  ǿĨɱ
 

ϵҪôɱ⣡
ʷɽŶЩ仯ףüȻֱӷĴЦ
Ҫʶһ£׵֮еĴһĨɱ⡣
ʷɽЦϻҪ㵽ʲôͣȻڹ컯֮˵Ⱥ
ĳƴҪȥģȴΪôһģ
΢΢ҡͷҲҡҡͷ
Ȼʱɱ䣬֪ܶ쵶ն飡
ʷң
һҪó֮ˣҪַʽˣˣ
СĪǸӰʷƷЦе˵
һԵ쾲ٺһЦ¶֪ϵûмʲô棬֪ʲôߵغ񡣡
ǣ峤ٷԼǣƴϾǸ
֣˿̿ʷƷɺ쾲Ҳĵ˵
ʷƷ΢΢ͷ֣СӵͦԱ峤θڵġһ¥֮Ժ͸ű峤ˣ
л峤Я֣һʷƷɵĻҲ̵
ʷƷɣǿʷΨһ峤Ժעʷҵ峤
ڸʷƷɴùϵĻԺ֣ǻǺ
ʷƷɵһЦС飬ڵĴҪǼҾڶԬҲ߯Ǹˣ̶ֳˣȻϲԼλã
쾲ʷƷɵĸ첲ƷɣԬhҶ˺ܴɱʵͷ֮ް
ջˮ
ʷƷû뵽Լһ쾲ϣ˵ʷһΪһδŵŮ˶𣡣
İɣһָͷ
ʷƷɵ˵·Ҳһָͷһ㡣
쾲ʷƷɵԱߣһԵ֣ҲЦеĿŴ֮еס
ʵϣ֣ϲԼСӡ
һʮʵˣ֮ǰԬhǰ˳Ϊʲô
Ϊ峤巿Ԭh
ԬhĳΪҵ̵ĻԺԬȻˮǴߡ
ֻϧǣԬhԼʧԬĻᡣ
ڱôһģʵЩ겻ѡ
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Ԭh۶˽ǣ֣ó˶ʮֵĽš
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СӣǵԺҪﱾϣһжȡʷɽףЦһ
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ʷɽʵЩԶͬ𾳺ڣʷɽһ˿ԵֵסԬˣ
񱩵ĽϯԬҿһ̾ҪԬҵĿһ㣡
ʷɽʧԭأһ̣Ѿǳ׵ĸǰ
һĨаЦ׵ĸǰֻǵʷɽ׵ʱδһеĻֺ̿Ͳ֮ɫ
Щ㵵ǣǼһдŵľȻһĨ֮ɫ
ˣ
һĪľǸӣ
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ȥɣ
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ֻһʷ֮ˣҲֲʷҵĴԳˡ
ԳĿģΪ׵õ¥
һ뵽˴ʷɽǸǴһ˿ƲסЦݣ
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ৣ
һɫĹâǰһһȻ䷢ԼѾǲܿˡ
ţʷɽоԼһһεĿԼ֮ʱһ̱˵ϡ
ƣΪ
ֻʷɽδüģԬҵĿ֮Ѿ˾޴ĺ
ǰһ̻緢ʷɽѾǻһѪ׵ʧ˵֮У
˻
˵һ֮еļѾǼžһƬ·ǻδ⾪㤵ĶԾ֮лع




3919  ֮
 

һƬ
ʱԬһֹļž֮ɫ˭Ҳû뵽ʷҵĴʷɽȻǰһնɱˣ
µǣƺ˭Ҳûп˵ʲô
˵֮ǰǶΪֻһͨͨǮ˶ѵĻôѾɪɪˣ
㡭ɱʷҴϣ㡭㡭
ʷƷɴ˿һƨ˵ϣͷϵ亹Ѿǳֵ˵һУ
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ôҲû뵽ԼҴԳȻǱˣ
˿־֮⣬Ѿʣʲôˡ
һԵ쾲Ҳŵûʧɫ˵ˡ
׵˵ɱңұɱĪΪĳҪվ߸ɱɣ
㡭
ʷƷɲ֪˵ʲô֮⣬Ѿûл˵ˡ
ǳң
㡭ҵţҵţ
ʷƷɿ˵ţҲһ̵ĳķ򼲳۶ȥ
쾲ʲôģﻹ˵ϣ
ԼҴˣڻйߺ
ʱ쾲֣̱˵ϣƶƶ벽
ֹ֡ӣлֹӣ
ԬhʱףôҲû뵽¥һˣȻô
ǿʷɽϰʷҽ峤ĵڶǿߡ
ˣȻһ涼ûдֱӾͱ˺ɱˡ
˵֮ǰԬh۶ֻΪЩ嶯ĻôѾóݵˡ
۶Щ˵ֹӣ̫ˡܲܽҼа
۶񣡣Ԭh̵
Цһ޷СѾͷݵĵͦɰġ
ССѾͷҿɲС۶ͦͦԼŵ
ݸһЦǣ˵ɣ
ֹ
ԬʱҲҵˣѾˣֻӲͷƤǰˡ
Ҫǣǰֲֹ̫ɲذ
ʷɽǿߣ˼ҵ϶û߹һ⣡
Ԭ뵽һΪֲĿԣǱֹӻǰ羳ǿߣ
޲Ŷٰ羳ǿߣ
˵ᣬмˡ
ֹǰ羳ǿߣԬʱԱס˲
ãĳмҪһԬ׵˵
ʲôģԬĳһ鲼¶ѣ
ԬѾǳְҲֻܸ̾
ԬսΣ
ײδڸỹҪ˽һǡ
Ǿսеģֻ˶̰ƺɫ˭˼ȥǰ
Ԭ̾һȻһǹ黳
һԵԬhʵֹӣ˵˰ɣҴĳУôʡ
̽飡
ԬhȻܸм׾Լȴһʡ
ֱ׺Ԭסˣ
Ԭһ˿Ľ䱸ֹӣԬĳʵֹеĻԬҾƴǣҲ޿͸¶֣
ĳҲǴ֮ˣһ㶣漴Цŵ
к֤ԬԼѾͷôһѣҲǷ֮ء
ĳԴ޶򣡡Цŵ
ⶫ֮Ϊλ򣿶Ҷ˵ģԬֱ׷ʵ
Цŵеǰĳǿ֮еġ
ֹӣû֤ʵ֮ǰԬĳֻܾܾشκˣԬ˵
ʵĳҪԬҸǵľ֮˿¶ϤˡֻĳһΪΣ
׿ԬҲǵʵ
ˣҲ˵Ԭ΢΢һ̾
ԬhԼ׵ĻҲüʲô˵ģǳѦһѪҸ״˸սأǱֱӾ͵ְˣ
ѾǲǵǣһжΪءԬĳ˵䲻ģôҪֵˣֱЦ
ԬҲǺɸֵ˵
׵ͷǵĴսɸ˱Ҳǲ׺һڶѣҲ˴֣
ǰֹǵѣ仰˵ĵǺеġ֮սһһصľҵأ
ԬҲЦһƺҲǷſˡ
ԬΪαְͻȻʵ
ֹҸ״һԸ̫ۣͬԸ̰īʿǵǮƣҲΪңΪҵʩѹԬhֱ˵˵
Ԭһʵһ㣬Щʱھе̫ߣҲһ¡
ͼܣ顣ֻһֻ֮ӹţӹţ΢΢һ̾
ֹӣСһЩɱʷҵĴϣ¡
Ԭʱһףǵѣ˼ҸԬѺò
˵ʷ峤
׸ԬԻ֮ʣһ󼱴ٵ
һ̣
ԬѾǱΧˮйͨ




3920  ̽Ѧ
 

Ѧ
ǳһҲʮֵƣ
Ҫ֪Ȼش޺ʹ޵Ľ紦λǡǡһĻᡣ
λúпġ
񣬴ޱ죬mǺηʥ˭Ҳ֪
Ѧǵǵģνmܲܳŵùһ˵ĺɨǧ
һŲסĻôҪҪȳһ
һеһжδ֪
ѦЩǲ費˼룬֪ԼӦεľ
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ڸոûãѦյһΪɿϢǾǴƺѾӦ˵Ĵͨޣ
ϢһѦʹ಻
Ϊ֪ǿ¾ҪΪԽ޵ĵһĿˡ
սǽ
ѦѾ˼ȶֻѦδü˼ʹʷ峤ʷɽԬұɱϢ
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ѦûκεԥֱӴʷ峤ʷϵԬҡ
Ҫǵ׺ηʥȻնɱʷҵĴϡ
Ѧ뵽һֲĿԣ᲻˵ȷ棿
ԣææĸΪ֤Ϣǲģ
ԬҵĹ㳡룡
ѦĵԬҶ˿ֻ֮С
ԬѾǵΣڵϦʱˣղʷҴĳĿǾԬһ군ˡ
ʱ򿴵˵ĵһ
ˡ
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ȻѦͬɿѦҲǿһ¡
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ʷŭһԬȻҹ֮ɱʷҴϣõ
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ˣסڣѦŭһȻ׵ֹӴ˷Ǵǰǵģ
Σ׵˵
ֹ֪ǰкιɰѦһ˿Цʵ
Ǵ֮ڣѦӦ֪ô˰ɣ׵һЦ
ѦǴ֮ˣֹв֮ȫԽֱ£Ѧһεı
Цһԣ
ֹӹȻǺǰŴѾӦ˵ĴˣѦףĽԼӪһʲô֪ģ
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ֹĵʱ򣬱˵֮޵Ĵⶼǿ̸Ѧ¶һпģ
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ֻԬδںǳѦ׸ǰѾһĨǿȭͷֱӺѦŴ
ף
ѦҲǷӦˡ




3921  ʹ
 

䣡
׵ȭͷһƿյֱѦǰ
ھ̫Ѧ羳ǿߵʵҲǷӦֱӱɳȥ֮Զ
ʷʷƷɿѦᣬҲĿɿڴ
ʵϣ
ʷѾˣ֪һγĵҪ˵˺ˡ
ʷɽ
ǰˣ
Ϊ˼˵УһСǼĴûκεĵλġ
Ҳˣ
ôҲû뵽ѦѾǴӦҪǺˣΪʲôǻʹɱأ
һΣԬ±ˣʷҲǴһΪȦ״̬֮У
˭Ҳֵ֪˵ǳʲô磿
Ϊʲôڿ̸ͻȻҪնɱѦأ
ǿƵĳ֣
羳ǿ֮ѾǱŷһѵ
ԬҲǱǿߵĽһƬ棡
ֻѦʵȻҲɸȣǲһأ
׸δκεıУѾǽѦƵ˾
ֹӣʲô˼
Ѧ׷ĳԼҲǵõ˴ϢĻȻŭһ
׵˵
ֹӣѾӦˣΪλҪϾɱѦŭһ
ֻһ̣
׵ȭͷһεĳѦķ񹥶ȥһȭһȭһƬ֮УǶоһĵضɽҡ
һʱ䣡
ײδ֣Ͼһλ羳ǿߣɱʵЩϧˡ
ھҪѦֱʱԵʧȥս
һȥ
ѦԸоԼѾ˲õĳ̶ˡ
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Ҫ֪ԼôҲһλ羳ǿߣһ羳ǿ߶˵
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׵ĻһԵԬҲһһ㶵ġ
ԬǿѦͶ϶˵ǾǺһ׮
ôڷǱ˽ˣ
˵Ӧ˵£ĵĴûǰ
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˿̣
Ѧ˶ˣѾǲǸ񾭲
ԼȥͶȻ˿ˡ
ԭҪ̸һ̸أڿź˼ң˼Ҷϡ
ν²òͷʱѦĺҪֵһϧ˼ҵĶ֡
ֹӣҪôɡ
Ѧ֪һô϶Ŀĵģֻ֪ʲôĿġ
Ϊղ֮лնɱԼȴûô
ֻһѣǵĳ
ֵģĪҪ̫ʵǿһЩǡѦֻҪǸһ˺սҲһ
Ѧ˵Ĳԣ˫ȭѵͲ
Ȼǣ
кľ֮ʱǸһӣûܹס
ô󣬾Ҳиǣ
ĳҪ˺սΣ
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ݣ
һѦźţźŷһ̣ѾǳԬҵķѸٵӿ롣
ֵģǾƲԳԷƣѦԼǵѪŭ
ڴʱӰѾǳ׵ߣѦһˣѾӶQˡ




3922  ˹ӭ
 

ڣ
Ԭߵ׷ʲô飬ܶ˲֪
ֻ֪Ѧʷҵ˽Ԭ֮Уܶ˶ΪԬ֮Ҫ군ˡ
һССԬңǿѾ군ˣ
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ֻһںķѶţһľ֣
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Ԭ֮ڣдһвٵļǿվԶΧۡ
ǶҪԬҵ׷ʲô飿
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һԬ˵ģҲסˣǻ˸Ҹ˶֣
Ԭı棬֣ϽƽҰ
ʷ˿ҲǼæҲŭһ
ѦѾǶɱʷҲ֪Ѿǵ˲ĵزˣ
ԭԬҾûκεĺøУԼĶǼŮǴ´飿
ôҲû뵽ССԬҶС㾹ȻҾܻ飡
νǶ棬һ̫ԬңԵСǼ
ûлڶأû뵽ԬҾȻҵı棿Ī㶺ˣ
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ԬŭһϷǸѦ׼Ͷѱ䣬Ҳѱ𣿡
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ʱ˵ҲΪ׶ų׵ĸı䡭




3923  Ԭ
 

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ʱѾǸܵһǰδеϢ
ף½һ̵ĳ֣һֶĤݵĸо
Ҫ֪Ѧȥƺλ磬Ҳ㲻ϴ󣬸οأ
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ЦеĿԬȻԬʵ֮Ѧ˲١
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3924  ǵ
 

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˵ĺ֮£Ѿǳǵţеĳ⣬˭Ҳ֪λ˵׸ʲôȥˡ




3925  ׵ĵ
 

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˴˿̳ǵķ򼲳۶ȥʱǳڣ˵ɫʮֵѿ




3926  ֱʵ
 

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ҲԭҵҲΪֹǴ⣬ֹҴ޲ɫ˺ֹһҪԶԿˡҸ״˷Ĳ£˵ı𡭡
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ֻ˿׻ҲһƬݣֲ̫ˣ




3927  ս
 

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3928  Ƚ
 

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ǲƣһֿ϶һˣ
ҮΪԼ޵ˡǴǣǽǼŲŻ῿ǣ׿˵š
ŷұӿ׵ͽΣհһ֮Уʱ߿¶ˣ
ˣҵʵ̫٣޾ŵĴĻǱսҮҲҪҵȳ
ص忴ףҲǸϽȭ
˵ʵЩ羳ǿһһٵĳ֣һǧҲʲô⡣
ɰ羳ǿߵ̫ˣһĹȣǳΪ˱˵İ
˭ҲҰѶעѹ棬ڲᣡ
ҲҡҡͷҪһۣϮǣ
Ϯţصһɻʵ
һԵЦŵ˵˼ӦǴһ¾ܣ̼ǰɣֻǼȫǵѹܴ󰡣
ЦһİɣѾΪǱ˿θˣֻǽ뱾ķȦ
ǣˣ
ȻһãȻҲ׵׼ʲôȦ
֪˵ţӦ̵ġ
ƾЩҪȫ˵ˣ޿ܰ
ȻΪҵȹڳڣǾ͸֮Ƚλмһ㣬ȥ磬ҪսնɱٶνһǿҪս̳ˣ
׿ˣҲǳ
ǣҲĦȭƣʵ׵˼Ǵһǹܣ
˵ӲĻЩ˶Ȼǲ̫ܵġ
ڶĸ֣һǹͻǿ϶ûġ
ֻҪܹ׵ļŭҮȻرΧǣǸʱҪĳ
˿̣
Ү֪Ѿһľ
ǼǻǴͻȻʧһ̣ľ콣Үķӿ˹
һʱ䣬ҮʶľȻԶˡ




3929  Ү
 

˵ͷ֮У
Ү˷ĴӿǵܱߣҲҮð
ʵǣνвһ
ټڴյ˴Ϣʹδκε׼Ϳνǵ֮ǰ
ֻǵص˵ʱҲЩ㵣
ôҲû뵽ѾӦ֮ߣֻҮУ֮˶ǲһġ
ôΪ˷ǵŽôΪ
ҪһΪԣĻʿ¾Ǵˡ
Ҫһ޵սĻҲеġ
̴ʲôľǱ˭Ǯ
ˣһΪۺսҲǷǳǿᡣ
ԴӺؼ̨֮޷ϣҲûγ̫ս
෴ģʧսҲǲ˵򣬲֪ټΪԺؼҶġ
ս£ۺսһ
Ƚ֮Үôܽ޷أ
ˣ˺صһǵ֮ϣЩҲһں֮ڣ
ҪģôСĴۻȡʤ
Ҫ֪ʣµĴžǿɵſԼʤأ
ҪΪʵǿᣬҮҲȡһεһȷλã
ֻǵҮΪ֮ľս֪ôӦԵԼʱȴ±ˣ
Ľֱӳľźɱ£
Ľ㼯Ϊ˽籩ϯҮľţ
䣡
Ѥõ֮ϣһһǿĹֱѹ·ǰʹŵˣ
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ȻʱҮһǿߵı֮£Ѿ˵˾ŵ󣡣
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ԭոһĽһҲʼķŻˡ
ҮǰһĻڵѪ̶̵Ĺľžʧ˽ˣ
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ŭɶ˵ɱһˣ
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·ҲǺȻӦǣ˸ղŵĻ֮ѸٵͶ뵽ս֮У
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Үû뵽ԭԭصĺصѾǳ׵ʧǰľȻһˣ
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ײκεԥıԴʯֱӵֵסҮĽ
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գ֮䣡
ѾǳҮķй£׵ʵ֮Үԭ͸߳һ
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ĳһ̣޵ĽӽҮڴʱս˹֮У
ţԭʹŶսѾǳ׵ʧһƬ֮У
µģĿɿڴʹһ˵ȡ




3930  Үľ
 

Ǽǰ
ʹЩϢģ˿λͳ˧ֻǵ֮еľ֮ɫδɢȥ
£ʹŸͳ˧ҲҮµһͳ죡
վڼߵģһλ˹ĸͳ죡
˿νҮұۣҲǰ羳ĳ֣
վģʹŵĸ·ֻ֣Ǵʱһš
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µߣһλżҲǾֵʵ
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вʣҮʧķҲһĵ֮ɫ
Ү
ǿǹ˵׵ܵܰҪǳκε⣬ǻ
˹̾һĿǰƿǶԴ޵ľ˽ⲻǴ޵յ֮ô죿ҿǻȥԶԪ˧˵ɣ
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¶һ˿ԥ֮ɫʵҲĵǡ
Щǲò˵ǲǵС
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ҮҲŭɶ˵̫ˣ
û뵽½޹˵ᣬȴҲ˵š
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ӦþͿ͵ʲôɱˣ
׿Үδ̫ࡣ
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˲Ϊ𣡣
Ү´˿Ҳ뷨ˣ
ˣٶҲǹġ
ǰ֮ŵĸǰҲ¶һ˿޵Ц⡭




3931  
 

⣡
һλ֮ˣֻǵƺͱҮҪ߳һ
ص忴ǰˣߣһ˻ƴȫˡˣ˱޵ڶ٣
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Ȼ󣬿ɱ֮ȴɢռ֮У
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ȹģ˺սʵǵһμ뷨ʵҲʮֵġ

ظղһЩй£Үأ
ȻҮ޵ĵλܸߣǸʲôϵأ
˵ˣһҮԼðĹ
ԣظӲںҮˣ
ʮѾǶǵĻǴ˿ģʽһµĹǷ·ҡҡ׹һ㣡
׿ǰľ˵λǿģʽΪȡʱ䣡
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ܶ˿һλżӵŮǺܶ˲ʶ
һЩΪֹĺ֪
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ص˺ܿ㷢˲ԣŰϪӣǵͫȻһ




3932  ɣ֮
 

֮壡
ص۾ܼ⣬İϪȻѾʵصļá
߶Լ֮һ˲䣬Ǳеһǿ߸׽ˣ
Ȼ֮壬ԭ˵ĴɱȻ⡭
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ҲһƣԼͻΪйߵĹߡ
Ȼôһ̣Ǻģ׸κγɹĻᣡ
ֻǵ֮һ̣񾭼ˣ
Ȼ֮壬⡭һﾹȻ֮壡
ҮףҲдһ˿־֮ɫ
׿Ү˵ڱոޱҪ򱾹ҲҪøش۵׼ǸһѪĽѵҲ֪֪Ե³ʲô
࣡
ҮһʱѾЩ˵ˣףҲûʲô˵ġ
Ҫ˼ң˼ֺαظǽأ
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ѾǵĹͷˣ˭˭ʲôɲأ
λ˼һ£
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ڴʱߵһλ޵ͳ˧Щü

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ĻҮҪ֪ҲǺѵģ
ˣҴ򣬳˷ˡͳ˧ҪӰȷľˣ
ŭһֻ֪ԼѾǵ֮ˣ
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ٵĴ߶š
ʱϪϴ޾ƣ֮ɫڿŴĵҩάԼġ
ĳһ̣
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졭֮
ǹôӦһҲǾ˲Ծ
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һƺҲǷӦ˹Ѿǳ׵תУ
ЩѵĿǰһУӲסĲţ
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֮ǰԾʱǼʱĳһս֮
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̷һҲǵǳֻһĿģǾֹİΧȦ
½һ룬ǶЩҲһּ˺
ڹǿ׼ȥʱ˻Ĵӵƽ
ǵĻǴһ̳׵Ŀӭȷŵ޾źʹޡ޵š
һпɱʽʼˡ




3933  ϹָӵĹ
 

ɱ죡
⣬һпɱ¾Ѿǽ
һ£
˵ȾԲɱ¾֮УűʿΪ֮ǵսѾֹɡ
ԭǿսһ̿ȥЩģ
޾ŵĳʵ̫ǿңһпսһ㣡
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̾һԪ˧ôҵذ
ߣһ˰ǰͳ캦ˣ뿪˧
ʱЩɰȫվĿǰȥǵģһԵǿ߶ѡ
׿һ۰˿ĵ׵ĺܡ
ص塢壬ȶס󷽣˭ԽɱۣĿŹٵˣ
ֵģɸ뱾˧һսѾˣֻҪһжûˡ
ʵϣ
ôҲǶԵģΨһŵϣˡ
״ʱŹЦһ㣡
׺͹ٵģ˵΢΢ΪԽԽ߲ˡ
ڴ˿̣׺͹ٺ׵Ŀʼ˶Թ




3934  ȥ
 

ǳ⣡
ŵΧѾǴﵽ˸߳Ľ׶ΣѪȾ׹ǳɶѣҰ
һ˸߹һ˵ĽϵĳɢԭѾûʲôĴ
ʱ
ٸܲô࣬Ψһ뷨նɱף
ŴϵʧҲļ٣
ݣ
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һ֮Ѿǽ˳׵ĸǡ
ţ
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¡
һһһ˲ӳĵ⽣ӰҲǱţ
ٵʵȷۺޱȣ
Լ촽Ȼһεɱ˽ȥ
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Ҫ˵ⵥ˻ǷǳģսһԵļλͳ˧ȣʵ̫ͼˡ
˵ʧȻ޵ľǱ߻ɱǿٵıֹ
ȷһĽ˧顣
˵ģųأȻԷΪĻôǵʧеô
ֻϧǣĶףѾû˼Щˣ
ҪֹǼǳ£ҲֻܳǴصһŶѣľţġ
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ۿһһʿ£ɫɷף֪Ψһϣ¾ǹˣ
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ʵǿսͣڴĮ޵ľҲܸߡ
ʵϣҲһλ˧ţֻǰײǶ޷
ͳ죬Բӡܹ״ޣڤûоԵʵôأԪ˧ʤȷǿԸıơǾùأأ
ײҲʵ
Űͳ˼أײƺҲ쵽һЩԾΪٺ׵Ľƺ˭Ҳռʲôˡ
ȻҲ֪˵ɱӦöûóء
ֶģĵĿɲǹһ˵Щ羳ǿߵ
ɱȥɣλڶδʱҪɱȥ¶ˣֻܹΪ׸Ķ󰡣ѲλҪΪ޵ūͲɣ
鲢ïʵѾǵȲˣ
ãǾͳģɱȥüҲеôǿ󣡣
ײҲԥΪ˧Ҫľѡķʽ
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һʱ䣡
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ԽԽЩ͵Ŀ֮ͻȻֵڶİ羳֣Щˣ
࣡
һԵײҲЩɪɪ⡭һҵˣԹ˵ڴΨɱʣ㡾ְأΪҴĮ޾ң
ѾϵǸźصѾɱս
羳ǿߵĽɽȥһ롣
ΧԽԽĵƣ޲
ǿ䣬ͬ
ֻɽҪѪˣΪ̫̫ǿˣ
һλΪİ羳ǿ֮߱ɱײѾǺ޶־
ص忴Űײţҹ˺λҪùԹԵ־ܣĻǵ³һ
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ײŭһΪĮ֮ˣֺսͲˣ
źصнֱӳźصնɱȥ
ѪȵĿռ֮УѾںһ߱ʬ壡
ײźصɱһʮλ羳ǿֱӶײγ˽ɱ֮ƣ
Ƭ֮ԭ־ײѾǱķ飡
ԭĸߵİòʧܵĿ
ǰʿһĵڵϣ֪һδȥˡ
УǸش۵һҪԭ
ʵ̫½Ĵ޹Ѿ뵽ȵһս۽֮󣬿綼Ҫˣ
ڵȴϢ֮ܲˣǵʱһĳ
ѾݲԼˣΪڶ֪ԼӦôˣ
˿̣
Զ֮ϵ׺͹ٵĽҲѾǽ˰ȻĽ׶Ρ
ΪڵĹٿײ˵Ѿ͸ˡ
Ψһ֧ͷǾնɱףӳ죡
ֻһп




3935  ֮
 

٣־ܣһ
׿ŶѾĹ٣Ҳ
˿̣
ң֪ԼΨһԻȥĿ¾սʤף
ǰһѲĳ̶ȣʵ˸оһľ֣
ټӳԼеʵɶǼһɻ⣡
һֱΪʵһԵôĲ԰ף
ڼʿѾԽԽ٣ԭţڽʣ°Ŷˡ
˵ȫ𣬲ʱ⣡
Щ˸оǣǼ·ӡ
ȻڵıʿѾγ֮ƣΨɱһ׬һˡ
ٱףЦһߣʵҪնɱ˧ֱǳ룡
Ӳģ
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ոһս˵Ǿ޴ġ
ʱҪþһɱԵþôĲʱˡ
ΪʲôһֱûжΪսԲʲô
򲻹㣬Ϊ˧ӲҲ̫С˧ˣ
ٿһף֪ںȥԼ϶ܲˡ
Ȼ֮ǰֵƺȥҲɵӡ
ȼֻҪܻȥǾԲԼȥġ
ο
һֱֵڣѲһıֶζû
ԣ
׵侲ùЩ£һֱδȫʵҲԼ뷨
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ˣסˡ
忴Ź٣ҲǴһ˿ŭݵ
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ֻ֪ǣѾǳΪ˴֮ˣ
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һ룬һѾʧ˺֮У·δֹһ㣡
üû뵽羹Ȼд˵߲Զ

׵ȭͷѾǳԶɱȥķһӰֵĳ˵ĸǰ
ۣ
ԶĺӰһѪˮȴδֹͣԼĲ
һƣ
ⲻǹ˭أ
ʵϣ׶޵Ҳйоģǲһʱ۷ѣ
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գ֮ĹӰѾǳ׵ʧ˵֮У
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ܣΪˣĵһվȻǴ޵Ķǣ塢ǰǣ˵Ƚֱ
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ˣô죿ɱص忴һЩնİҲüʵ
ֱӴ߼ɣ
ֱӴһӣѾǱ뵽֮С
ڣҮѾǳΪ˽Ҳ֪ȴǵĵʲô
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ŵĴһȷԪ˧Ǳع顣
ǵĽʿסˣֻⶫǵĽʿǻ֪ǲһġ
ָָ㣬һ̾Ȼɫͨ졣
ֱŶǵĳȥҪգȻз˵ܲȻ˿̺ܲȥ
ֻ֪׵ѾȻ׷˶ߣʱĹپĸǰ




3936  ͻȻ
 

һԭΪһߵսյȷһߵ
ֻǵһ˴ޣս֮󣬴ĵλֱֻ
Щô֮ˣһսҲ²ٵӰɣ
˵ҪľЧ
˲ţ
ǾʹηǰΪֹһսٿڶڲ
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ײô룬ҪػôޣǱȽսƵ
һ˵ίߣӵֱŵĵ
ֻԺս¸ľҪڴ޺ʹˣ
ΣһǴսȡ˻Ի͵սͬʱҲôĵõ˴ϢĻᣡ
˵ľžٶ࣬һʧţʿϵĴԲСġ
˿̣
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ǵ˿ɲʶףֻƣοmҲǵﲻ
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֮ǰһֱڳ׼ӭУɵһֻʱı⣡
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ŭһ˸£˧Ժһʴ֮ˡ˧Ҫô֮Ϊū֮ŮΪ潣
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ǿŰ
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ǰԪ˧ɲҪҵȿЦٹŹԪ˧ĺϢȻϱذ
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һקһ˼ѾǺˡ
ŭһٹùܺԼͣԼôĶ֪
٣ٹһ飬ǲȷŵĽʿǶûˣΪȷŵ˧㾹Ȼһ˻ˣԪ˧Ļ尡
һתҲһ˿Ĳм֮ɫ
㡭˵ʲôߣǱ˧ն㣬İҲҸ˧˵ʲôŲţ
ɫѿ˼㣬û뵽ոճ˰̣Ȼֱһ
Ԫ˧ϢŭǼٹҲΪ˰鲻ãһŹٵӣҲǸϽȰο
˵һ䣬˧նģ
ҲŭԼδû뵽ȻҲҸԼ£ˣ
Ƴٹõĺܡ֮ǰһﲻŵĺ𣿲Ǻų֮´ްڽɽ𣿼ֱЦ
Ļûһ׵ĻԼҵٹǲǳԴҩˣ
ͻȻ֮䣡
ԼҵٹȻ빬ٷˣⷭȷƺ죡
ѲԼҵٹ´֮
Ѿʧȥ˴ޣʧȥ˵ıӻľ޸Ƽˣ
һ㶵ĿѾǲ˵ˣ
һߣ
ŭĿԲĿһǳ׵ıˡ
ݣ
һȭӰֱӳŴɱȥ
ֻǵҪֵʱѾǳʮλ羳ǿߣһĿŹ٣
㡭ǴҪ췴ɣһҪ֪ǹԮ
ٹһλֵĹֳҴm
ڹپ֮ʣһ𣡣




3937  ˵Ĺ
 

룡
һҲ̵
һԵĻһЩƵʵĪҴmˣٹ
ţٺ٣
Щӵ˵ŹѾһƬȻ
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һȻ֪mĶ򣬶ٶڴڲһЩ仯˽ⲻࡣ
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ſˣ׵Ӱ˵ĸǰ
ٴ˿̿׵ĳ֣ӶQˡ
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׵˵λҴ֮ѣ˵Ŀףɣ
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׿Ѿ׼ʹˡ
Ϣûκε⣬붫֮䣬һֻӬҲҪɹȥҾ˷ţκ˲ó룡
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һϵһ͵˵İΧȦ֮УԼţһ֮һıҪ֮ˣ

ʵ̫ˣ
ǣֹһ׵˼ǳʤ׷
רŪһˣ
ˣ
ʱ׵ĿһεĶ˹٣ֻǶĹѾ޲ˡ




3938  м㣿
 

ǳڣ
ٿףֵģҪɱҪı㡣ֻģǱ˧ˣҲκεĺ³ģ
³³ĳֻ֪³һáЦһ
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ֻǹٲֻ֪ǵѾǳ׵¶˳׻һ˿ĸм㡭




3939  ׵İ
 

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׵˵˻Ȼص˵ɣӦôʱӾжᡣ
ûо𣿡Щ㶵Ŀʵ
ǾҪλıˣܹһЩͶȻٺòˣҪǷչԼڵʱʲôʱóǱԻǣ
׵뷨ҲǷǳļ򵥣Լûж˼
Ȼ˵羳ĸ֣ڳɰΪλİ羳ǿ˵˺ٸ˴Ӹϲܹıκε飡
һƾ˶ᣡ
Ҳǳ׵ˣȻҲ֪ѪǸʲô
Ժ֮и˲һ˿ͷ֪Լ˳׵Ŀˣ
ãײδҪһЩ̵飡
ȥɱʲôҪĻǵڸûжˡ
ˣɽ˭ϤһЩ
׿żˣҲǴһ˿ϣʵ
ɽɽǴĮ޵ķֽ磬ҴҲһЩֻĵط࣡
ףҲ̵
ǰɽȷҪڴʹĮޡҲһЩȴܹԲˡͬĵͷ
֪ѯɽǡ
ٺҮףҲЩʵ
ҪһζҩģΪѪ׶ȻǺܻˡ
οѪĶ࣬Ҫ˲
˭֪Ҫ˵Ǹõأ
ڶһ˾Ͷһݵϣ֮ǰڴҵʱ峤˷ɽܵ޵Ĺ
ɴƶϣӦһǱߣǵطпѪĲأ
ǱߵϤҪһϤǾٺòˡ
Ѫҵ˵
ףҲüͷ
ŶͳһЩˡ
ɽ֮һֻޣʵ֮ǿ̾ΪֹҵʵУǼҲǱɰֹҪ
˵ȥ׿Űֱӵ
ͷѪؼȼ֮ŻγɵһضĹʵʵӭ֮ʮֵĺƺĿǰҲֻ˵ɽ֮Ĺʵ
ôϻֱ˵Ƶ
Щε˵ˣɽѪƺ˲ժժ֮˺ǴĮ֮ˣҾͲ̫˽ˡ
ε֪׼ʵ
ЦһĳشޡĮ޽֮أϢΪӣֻϢ׼ȷдȷ
ϢǱûϢҪãȻ˵ĻǱǰɽɽȷ˲ժʱǰĮҲ٣
׿żˣĿ֮дһ˿ļᶨ
ǰɽҵȶȻȫԸ̵
һԵҮҲǵһ˶һ˾ޣ׺쳣ҵԸˣ
ˣǰԭƻˣǰɽʵھ̫ͣʱ򱾹Ȼǰɱ֮
׵ĻɣҲ㬵뿪˳
̸һЩ֮Ҳǰ˴Į޵Ľ紦ɽ
ˮһֱһĲǲԼİ֮ŮȻⱲӿ¶İˡ




3940  ǰɽ
 

ɽ
ڴ޵Į޵ĶϲҲһΪԵķֽߣ
˵ɽʵϸΪ׼ȷӦýɽ
Ϊɽʵ̫ںܶ˶С
ɽм䣬һͨĮ޵Ĵ·ƺɽӲĸгΡ
ҲΪ·ô޺ʹĮ޿νǧսֹ꣡
˵ɽȻڲǬɽԴҲʮֵķḻ
˵ģ˵ɽڵĴĿͲ¼ʮ
˷Դ˭۲İɣ
ĮҲԣȥطͳΪ֮ķˮء
ֻϧǣȻĮʵӵǿһЩȴûκεİ취ƶԷ
Ҳˣ޳಻ս֮⣬ɽҲرأ
ҲɿɲˣѾҲɣ
˽ô꣬˭Ҳûɽõĺô
Ŀ϶ǲˣСɵĽ̽ʲôĻûж⣡
Į޺ʹ֮ƺҲγôһĵĹأǱǿ齨ʮ˵ѰС
ҪǹģһֵĻǾͻܶ鷳ˡ
һСǣԻɳǣ
ʵϣһ˵ĴĮޣͬҲһɳǣ
ɳȴڵɳǲһ
ԭ׼޵ɳţȻɽ
ֻǵɽʱȴطʵ߯ˣ
ˣѰƽ䡢ͯ۰
ɳڣ
ָ˹ǲڶ׿һĻҲЩ̿
ֵܣô
׶һ˳ǰţһ͸ӿףҲЦӯӯӭ
׿˵ôôأ
ٺ٣ֵܣſǷǳһŰҪǸǵĻ֤ĺģ
˿ףҲǸ¸һЦ
ôҲʲôʵˣЦӯӯʵ
˶ôֵܣǲ
ƺ׵жʵ⣡
ҿĴƺǴ޵ţôڴ޺ʹĮѾǺͺ𣿡
ЩֵĿǰ֮ˣ˵޺ʹĮͬˮ
ɳǣƺôá
ΪŴĮ޷εɳε
˺ٺһЦһֵܾǵһɳǰǴĮ޵ˡɳǣ޺ʹĮֻҪս޵˶ɳɽ׵ģ
ô°ĳǵһɳǣطر˽⡣ֵ֪ܹհ׿ʵ
Į֮ˣףҲǹֱȭ
ּ֣򣡣һĻ
ԭ֣Ǵ֮ˣҲǿʵ
ƺӵŸеޣֵһ㣡
ЦһǰɣĳҪһǿһѰ飬ǡ
֣лֱ˵ɫһ䣬ǵ
ȻֿˣĳҲֱ˵˰һĳǰɽȷΪѰֻĳѰŶƺһЩĳϣһԴĳ֡
׿ҲֱԲ˵
һ㶣漴֣ĪڿЦôǼǾһȻһЩöҲȥ
΢΢һЦ
˴Ĵָ֣ţֻҪѰˡ⻰˵ûҪһ
㣿ЩƵĿʵһʵ
ᣬѾǴﵽʾĳڣûʵļҵףϲܴﵽĸ߶ȵġ
Ȼ׵ʵǿҲôһˣ
һ˵ͣﵽʾѾеˡ
׿ǰһҲǱϿôļ򵥡
ٺ٣֣㲻ġ˵ʵҪΪĳЩԭɽİϿȥˣȻЩԥ˵ȴһ㶼𣡣
ʶ·ʶĻȥˣ
͡ЦôЩ㵵˵
ôֲңЩʵ
ڰֵǲңǵöӰʶһˣѰŶǱҲȱ֣ҪǣǵĿһֱҪİϿȣ
ŶѰŶӵʵǿôЦʵ
ȷǿֻҸһЩڣԡЩƵ˵
ǿĻǾˣν˵
һЩ˵ᶼ£ҸӲӦú˰ߣҵƣҲǳصģ
˿Цʵ
һЦ¶ѣҲաⲨݱȽϵ⣬־˵¾ˣҪȻǻýء
׵ͷһ￴ŵЩ˼
ĵܹ֮ʲôİϿȵĸأԼʵЩ̫ʱˡ




3941  ʮС
 

ɳڣ
ȻɳǱȲϴĮɳôӴ󣬿˶ĲɣҲľ߹ģˣ
Į޽ɳǵǵĳʥ֮أû뷨
޵ӳ̶ȻһɴȻҲ̫³˲
ôɳҲǴ޺ʹĮӵһ
ʱ
Ĵ׳һط˹ȥֻطԽԽƫƧҿȥľ
˵֣Ǵȥʲôط
Щƣղ˵ôԶطѾǳԤƵķΧ
ƺǰôһΣҪɽˣ
գһ۾֣˵ط㱣֤ʧģ
˼ĳǰȥʱһɽׯģĵطӳ˵
˵ģǿطֵ֪ˣ
׵ʶֻĳɨһȦ֮㷢ĸֲ
ǰ羳ǿߣͲλ֮࣡
ССɳǣǲԻ
ʱڿƺһͷӦǲС
峤ôˣ
ſڵĻƺʮֵϤΪ峤һ˵ݾͲͣ
ĳ׿һۣȻʮС𣿡
ʮС㵱ȻڵģֻǡЩ֧֧˵
ôˣʵ
峤ʮСоɽĵأѾԸ˲κ˴š
˿ҲЩΡΡ˵
Ȼ
ӦòʲôӣĻҲôġ
ƨסҵĵطҲܽĵֱЦ
ƺЩŭˣҲ֪ǹҪ׵ĸǰһ£Ҫ߷Ƣ
Զ֮ڵ̬ȵȷЩ֡
峤ҡҵΪЩ˰˵ƺмʮֵܡ
˵ˣûйϵ͵ǷǽûзֺˣĻӦ֪ʲôĺ
峤ƽʱôֻܲںڸʮС̸飬ʮСƢ֪ģһ峤ΪǼ顭
͵һЩָ˵
˵ʱ峤˵ʱȥİϿǰɣʲô浱Ĳɣ
ŭһҲǿһףȻֱӳ˹ȥ
֮ȻأƺԸУ
ܿ죡
׾ͳһ̨ͤĸǰ̨ͤǰһλŮϸĶڰ֮еĵͼһ˼ģ
ӴӴӴ˭ⲻǵſſ𣿡
׸ոսɽׯ֮Уһɳ˳Ǹ˹
μʮС㣡
ƺδ壬λ崿˵Ů
ŮӦǱǵκһҪߣ
Ȼֻ˶ ŮĲԶλ羳ǿһһһţ
˿ȥһͨĻĻûκε
ʵܿó˵ʲôʵġ
վ崿Ůߣһһε˵ſſȲһһİϿŵʵ˺Цĺܰ
ˣһ壬ǲ֪ɽׯ˵˭˰ɣҵĵ̣ģ˭
Ӵǣȥ쳤˰Ǹ˰ֲʮС㿴أٺһЦ
ӣϾҵĵط˵ҪעһЩ
ʮСֻһ㲻˵ЩʲôˣĻȥЩ̶
壬㻹ǸĲ⹷ۿ˵͵ëô峤ȥѰʮСİϿôˣ
ŭһʱ˵һ˿Ժ
忴ߵһЦ֣Աߵλ𣿡
壬𣿡
ƺñȥ˵ʲôֱӼ͸̸ˡ
˵ɣôǵȺŹ㰡忴һѾ˼λ֣
ǣλӿȥʮ˵ð
ʱ׵Цеվ˳ź
һ¶һĨЦݵӴǣû뵽㻹Щʶ
Щ㵵Ŀףû뵽˾Ȼˡ
ֻһ̣ЦһȻ֮ţȥİϿӦǼҳ㷹˰ɣɷΪҵȽһ¹ӵӢ¼

ʮСҲһЦܿסЦݣʱҲǵһۿһۣ
Լǣ֪ĻΪİϿǼҵء
û뵽ڿӵôǿһԵĺɫҪѿжѿ
ˣСҪĲǶ죡
ʮСЦʧ˿Ǻ壬һĹ
ʮС㶢Ű֮еĵͼЩһǽ׵ĺãλǻ֪ΪʲôҪȥİϿȡ




3942  Ծ
 

ʮС㣬ʲô˼Ī飿
ͺʱһ㶣ȻʮС㻰л
ʵϣ
ʮСʮֵ⣬⵽Ƕòء
ټΧʮСתȻ˶ǰ崿˵ʮС㶯˼ˣ
Ȼ׸ǰһսʤҵģ׿ʵϸԸǰİϿȣ
ֻһӦΪǰŮˣŲòʹ¾ţ
ײɫǺղų˸ʮСͻȻһ϶Ҫ׷ˣ
˵עһεתƵʮСϣƺҲλ׽Χˣ
ˣӡ峤ǽҴĮ޶̳˷ܹǰɽο
ʮСһŭȻһ棬Ҳʹʮֵ䣡
׻е㱻С崿ģԻסˡ
ǰǧ˳ģӦòΪݰɣ
ʮСɨһףƺδ˷УǼ֮ǰһֱԼΪɣҪȥɽһۣӦ֪ɣ
Ȼ֪ʮСģǸҲǵģ
Ȼ˵һ㶼ԥģһʮֿ֮ˣ
ֻ׿ЩҪЦκûһЩվ˵ĳ嶯ֻ˵ɵһֱ֣
ƺû̫ҲǵֻҪʮС㷢ȻȫԸ
ߣѧʱһ˵㣡䳰ȷĿм
ˣҲҪ̫İϿȱǾһ֮أ峤ĹҲ顣
ʮС㵹ҲǶϤԣ˵µˮ©
ʮС㣬ղ˵ҵѡ񣿵׷ʲô鰡忴ʮСЩСʵ
ϡ
ʮС㳯ŲԶȥһλߵӰĸ˵ĸǰ
ġϣȻҲˣЩ㵵Ŀλߵ
ʮС㣬ڴˣϳʮС΢΢ͷ
ʮСü黹λһ°ɣԸҲ֤ˣǲԸ⣬Ҳǿ󣡡
λӣʮСĿǰ̸ۼ޵ĵزˣֻһܽС
ֱӿżɽǰҲǵ
ʲʲô̸ۼޣ⡭ôһķûаɫɷ׵ĿŶϼæʵ
ͻ¼ҲʮСΪʲôɽһԭʮСԼԼԼһλˡϵ
⡭⻹Լ涨˵飬ôܣƺЩ̫ŵĿϺʮС
ʮСһܳ磬һҪЮŻһ˿ĴϢӦö֪ʮС֮ʮֲϲһʮСҵȴһΡ
ϿźҲ΢΢һ̾
ô˵ϽʵȻѾһ߶ˡ
ô˵ʹ˵ˣʮС㲻ȡǴ𺮱ݣ
𺮱ݣ⡭⡭
循ֵĿʮС㣬֮ǰʮСһֱѯŴ𺮱ݵʱЩء
ʵϣ
𺮱ĿǰֻһطУǱɽİϿȣ
ʷϼأİϿȵĳһʮǿĳ޴ڣ
𺮱޵ػ֮³ɳţ
ֻǳ޵ʵƿֲҪȡ𺮱ݵûܣҪһ֧ʵǿĶпܣ
ʮС㣬𺮱ǿǳޱçػ֮°çʵӦҲ֪ġѰİ羳ǿҪûκεĿԣҵҪõⶫǡ
ҲɫɷףİϿȻΣգɱɼ𺮱ݣǾͲһȼˣ
Щ˽İϿȶ㤲ѣ͸ӲҪʲô𺮱ˣ
ͺɫͿԿó˶˼ѾǽⶨΪ֮ˣ
ڲѡ񣡡ʮСһ˿ľ
⡭ʮС㣬Ǻĳȥʵǡ͸ԥ֮ɫ
һԵҲǵʮС㣬ҵʵҪçĸɼ𺮱ݣɱΪ
ˣλ֪ˣҲǿ֮ˡȻ˵ĻλԱɡʮС㿴ͺ壬͸޾ʧ֮ɫ
Ҫ˵ɻƺһεȥ
ǲڶԷǰԼǿʮһ棡
ĻˣĻ˭ԸԼЦأ
ޱȵı飬ʮСѾʧ׼뿪Ͼһ˶һ
ѲɲһЩֻϧǣǰƺԸ⣡
ɫ䣬΢΢ҡͷȻλ޴˵λɣ
ʮС㡢ϣҵȡ
ͺ嶼Ҫ˵ЩʲôʮСѾ˪ȥ
ʮС㣬ǲԸ⣬ĳԸǰ
۲֮ʣһΣˢˢĽͷһԵף




3943  ͬǰ
 

̨֮ͤУ
ʮСʧıԱʵ֪˲Ǻܶ࣡
ǰĺǴĮ޵ſһʮСȻǰҲǵõϢ
ֻ˵ʮСҪȥİϿȵʱһ׼ûдμӣ
ҪǺףֳ嶯ĻҲһεĻ
ɵ֮׼Լһ̡
ʮС˵ԭһЩ޴롣
˰
оԼһεıˣ
ǺҲʲôˣ˵ʮСҪȥɼ𺮱ݵʱҲЪˣ
粻˵磡
иոһ˿ƽ⣬һԵĺˣ˻࿴һۣƺжһּɵ֮ɫ
ɾΪʮСǱĵĿ֮мҪһ̣û뵽ǸһﾹȻˣ
Ǻˣ
ʮСϼͬʱͣ˽Ų˿һĺ֮ɫ
ּ򣬴˷ɽİϿΪȤҪλһͬǰ
׿ʮСϣıʮֵɡ
ʮСЦһֹӣղ˵ʲô𣿡
ˣ˵ʵǰĳҲʮֵĲϲʼ
֣İϿȥ˻ǾһҪõ𺮱ݣǼʮľ氡
ִǰҲһѵ
׿һ֣ϲλʮС㣿
⡭
ףЩΣ˵ϲǾǼٵġ
׹һЦ˵㻹ûôϲȻûôϲѡĳǿ⣡
ʮС㿴һף֮ҲǴһ˿ʵֹ̹ʵҶĿһ°
ޣĳֻ˵ʵѡһûһǷɶ˻Ҳֱǰֵȥðգǻʲô˼أ
Ŀһ˵ʵܹһվ˵ȥĻô׻Ǻ͵ġ
ЩʹĿ׵֣˵ҲǲΪʮСȥֻһֻһ˿ɼ̳֮λʮֵĻҡ
⣡ͷ
ЩˣǽΪԼܶʱǵźܶ˵
εһ仰ʵʮֵĳ
˵ˣ޿ҪԵĴ
ֻźʱԳûУ
ÿһ˶ܹѵģ
һЦװʲôβǣΪʮС͹Ŀ࿴ȵ֮ˣҲ֦ͷ𣿡
壬ֹǰ֮ˣʲôʸ񳰷ֹȡô𺮱ݣҾͼ޸
ʮС㲻֪ڶڸʲô
һЩʯƾ죡
һԵϸϽС㣬˵
ϣ֪֮ˣûһ˸ǰİϿȡϺͼλԸңô˵ֹԸҷɶ˻ǳɹˣҶȻֹӣ
ʮС˵ǵسֻһԵϿЦҡҡͷ
̾һʮС˼
һԵЦŵʮС㲻ˣĳλ֮ͬ⣬ĳҲֻΪѰһЩԼİްˡ
ޣѾɻˣʮС㵹Ҳûʲôղһľһʱ˵ġ
Ѿɻˣһ
ĳȻɻˣͷ
ʮСתڵɻҲ޷ҵȻлĻԺֹӱҵĴ磬ұֹӵáֹڴĮ޵κε飬һȫ
ãȻ˵ĻҲҪھʲôˡֻһεѰ֮·˳˳ľͺã
׿ʮС㣬ҲЦһ
ֹӴ壬Сллֹӡ
ϳ׵ͷǿԽܵģʮСִҪ޸˵ĻǾЩˡ
ⲻΪʮСݵ⣬пֹӵġ
ౡ֮Цŵ
Ҳ¶һ˿Цݣһ̣ŵӣһЩģ
Ȼ֪ﲻʲôæɶһǶһ
ʧɽׯ֮У
в֮ͬдһ˿ϷʵĲмǿȥ࣡
ʱ׵ˣϵĴѾǳҹɫûɽ֮У˭Ҳ֪ȴǵĵʲô




3944  ʮС
 

ɽ֮У
ϵĴ£һ·ŵͼɽϵǰţ
ʵϣɽ֮ΪѰʥҲΪ
ɽʵǷԱĺܣĺöǷǳĶࡣ
˵ģЩȥǿߵĶ͹ܶˡ
ԽЩǿߵĶԽãΪֻǿ߲ܹȥ
ֻԽ棬ԽΣգ
߷ո߻رɽѰһ㶼Ϊˡ
ʮС㣬ǾİϿѾǺԶˡ
ϴʱɫЩȻԿóܹλ羳ǿ߽ŵѾǲˡ
Զĵһ֮ӦþǴ֮еİϿˡʮС㿴ŵͼҲһε̧ͷ˿
ǸطӦþİϿˡʮС㣬ô죿ʱϢһᣬǼ·
ƺÿһ鶼λʮС
ʮСֹӣ˵أ
һ·ϵҲûʲô鷳ǲ絽İϿȵĸǰϢһȻٽȥɣ
׿ʮС㣬ʵνġ
ϣ
׸˵껰ĿѾǳԶĵط˹ȥ
ܿ죬ǵǰԶѾǳˣ
Ϊ֮˿ȥᣬòʣһǳţ
ֻ˵ӿȥЩǿ׳죬Ȼ˿̿ҲΪĿ
Сүôڴ˰
ϴ˿̿ǰ֮ˣü֮侹һ˿֮ɫ
ΪǴĮ޵һү֮ӣ
ݵȷʣɸҫ۵ǣǴĮһΪǿ֮һ
ȻᣬʵѾǴﵽ𾳳ڵĳ̶ȣ
ƾһ㣬Ҳӵ㹻԰ʱˣ
ΪĮǿ֮һڴĮm֮еȻҲ˽ġ
ʵϣ
ʮСҲǱˣݱǴĮmĵʮӣҲǴĮmĹ
ֻ棬˶ʮСƣΪıǲй¶ݡ
ʵ״ҲǲµλʮС㵽ʲôˣֻҲôա
ҪĲ˴ȥİϿȰˣ
ʱ
¶һ˿ǳЦԭʦҲڰ
СүҹҵĶľšҵ鲻ҪȥܡʮС㿴в̫Ĳ
ʦã㻹𣿡λСү¶һ˿ЦݣȻⲻ𣿡
ҺθɣʮСѾǺȻѾͷȥʮֵĲˬ
ʦã֮ǰӦ֪ģ˶µĻԼҵð֮ȥأЩ˵
סڣʮСŭһȻһף
üͷšһ֣վʮСߵǺˣδ㣿
㲻ʶ׿˱ӲǱӣ۾۾ģҲû˵
ʦã˭ͬУʵ
õ㻹İԼ̫˰ɣл֮𣿡ʮСŭһ
ðһ˿ʦãֺαһҶأ
˵ǲпӰҵ𣿡һ
ߣҶԱ򲻾£ŭһ
ǣү
󣬼λ𾳺ڵǿѾǹ
Ҫ˭ҶˣʮСһƺҲװˣҪ֪Լݲ
ֻͻȻ֮Ҫ֪Լʵݣ»ŵ޴롣
£ðүһλҲǵ˵
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ʦãȳʰҲ٣ھ͸ӣ˵ʮֵǿơ
ƺѹҲλʮУʵȷʱġ
ڴĮ޼ǽڴĮmĵڶȨư˵Ҳսǿ
вĮm˼ֻʮֵĿƣԱϿҲʮֵĺг
ȻԸţǾҵһͬİϿȰɣ
ʮ˿Ҳû̫ʱ֦
ο
ܹߣڵ˵Ҳûʲô
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ûˣ̽ʲô˼أ
վס
׵׼ϢƬ̣ʱһѾվϳ˵ӣ




3945  ׳Ķ
 

λ𣿡
ʮС㿴Ŷͷ֮˵ҲģҲǳ
ǵĴָȻ
˵ʮֵǿƣȥûκأ
»ǰԵĺܣɽĪǼҵĲɣԸµվ˳мĿŴ˵
ǵǰһɱۣ
ǱΪ֮˵Ŀ֮дһ˿ĺ֮ɫȻǲҪ˽ȥİϿ֮У
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ЦһȻô˵ӭȥʱһ㶼𣡣
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λ߿ϣҲЦһ
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˵ʦòõģ⼸˿ǣʵڲеĻǱɱȥˣ
İϿȻ֪ʲôʱɱȥıԼ
ʮҲûк˵
֮ǰѧԺ֮ʱһȷʮĲѡ
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ɿȻֿ˿ʮ¶һ˿޵Ц
ԭ޵ĹٹʧˣŹɣһ˿֮ɫ
ٹ˷ɽΪľһ𺮱ݣģԲҪ
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𺮱ݣʮһ㶣֮˵Ҫ𺮱ݸʲô
Ϊʲô޵ʹȻҲҪԼõ𺮱ݱ㲻Ҫ
𺮱ǴڣһѾ൱ˡһΣĿˡ֮ĺ¡
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ҲҪһ㶣漴ʵı
ٹλȷҴĮʮıõ𺮱ҲΪ˸޵ģ֮Ŀһġν˶󣬱ҿγͬˣȡ𺮱ݣ
ЦеĿŹɣҲǴϵ
˵𺮱ݶŴãȻ֮ˣܵ÷ָ󵽰ɣŴ𺮱ݣҿԸһţֻһţǱٹʲã
Ǿ͸ƾºˣ
ıŹɣü֮価Ա֮ɫ
ԣǾ͸ƾºˣ
ʮֵ㣬ֻ˭Ҳûע⵽⹬ɺ֮˲
׿˿İʵӣ֪һеԲܹɺˡ
𺮱ݵĹЧʮֵĹһʱҲ²ⲻ޵ã
ǵҪĶȻ׵ǵõ
ֻǴ˿ǵŵǣôҪõ𺮱ݣǿΪ̽Ѫһ
һ̶֮Ǳ㳯İϿȵķ=ˣ
ֻǵǸոսİϿ֮УʶѾǵϲϵɨ
ãͫħȺϾһ
һʱ䣬ٰͷͫħѾǳ˵֮У
ͫħǣǱħ֮һĿǰΪֹħ֮ΪǿĴڣ
ǰͫħǣͲζ𾳺ڵģ
ͷֻͫħǣϵɫޱȣֻǴϢΧǰͫħűʵ𣡣
໣
ֻͫħǵļ˲䣬ոսİϿȸصһѾȺĿս֮У
ֻǴ˿̣
˭Ҳע⣬׳ɱȥ֮Ӱ׵ʧԭأӰ




3946  ʧ
 

İϿڣ
ͫħǵĽһ˸߹һˣǹıǵ߶Ÿֻ
ʮλ羳ǿߣ
ȻͫħǵĹƿȥΪֲɾ˻֮Ҳסţ
ֹ֡أ
Įmʮıһףֻﻹ׵Ӱӣ
һһѣʦֺαطأֻǰİϿȣȻǱɵģ
ϣֹ֪ȥ𣿡
ı׻ŷǳĺøеģôˣҲһԸԼǰİϿȡ
ȲʲôĿģһȣıˣ
һֱ֮еıδ̫˽⡣
һֱҲǰķ֮ˣԺȻ֮俴һеˣǷǳĸȤ
ֻû뵽ǣΪԼĿ˼ҵʬ׶Ҳˡ
Ӧˣ
ϿıҲ΢΢һ̾
˵϶ҲŲĸй٣ֻһЩһ㡣
Ͼʵƽƽȴܹƺǰں󣡣
ˣעǻõġ
һϴʮǰĿľѰҴ𺮱ݡ
׵Ͽһѣ
ı޺޵˵ңңղҾӦһġϣҪȻڿ
ʦãڵ鷳ûнأͫħȻʵرǿǵ̫ˡǱ취˵
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ıȻǸֵļһЩĿ࿴ˣʱ̬Щʧˡ
οôĮ޵ĳ֮һһȻԼŮ˺ˣǿ벻̰
ڱȷĸ˵һ飬֮ѾûκεĹϵˡڱʲô飬ҲҪܣ
ıҲһ˿ŭɫ
ʦã㡭Ǻοأһοƴڰ㰡ıҲ˵
Цһʵ΢֮ˣҲӦõġ¿ɲҪˣһʧܣǿҪ޸Ҹġ
޸磿ıˣҲܣ
ıŭһŹɵӣ޲ܸһš
ʱıҲûôĺڣû⵵ӵĻô֮Ļ
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ҲҿԼĸ״һϷ룬Լǰ޳ܵˣ
ʮ㲻һŮѣ˵ǴĮmһƷʸ˵Ļ𣿡
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Ҳκˣ
ı壬ŹɣҲһ
ǾҪˡɵ۽Ĩһ˿ɫ
ԲʦãٹҲΪ˵ˣһοҪϺģҪ˺ϾİϿȵΣ޷Ԥ֪İ
£СүԼǣڲ۵ʱ򣡡
ϸıʹһɫڵıԣҪΨһİ취ȡô𺮱ݲ
һ΢΢
ŹɺļˣǻһЩġ
ıŭЩ̲ס˵㻹Ǹˣ
ʦãЩԺᶮá
˵һĪĻֻ۽֮һ˿׾ŭɫ
Ȼ˵˵ӣκ˿¶ܲˣ
Ȼڹɵǰֳһη̬
ıüͷ֪ûļ򵥣
˵ǲǣǿֻܹͫħǵȺˣǵɽڣһСͻΧ
ò˵
⹬ɹ۲Ļϸʮֵƽֻ̹Ǳһɹʱֿڣ
ǵı֮ͫħһʵ̫ˡ
ʱǴżλֽеĻԸͫħԾҪһЩˡ
ֻϧ˼Ҳʮ˶ѡ
Ȼ˵󾫣ʱǽ
ϺıŹȥıӰҧҧҲǸȥ
Ȼı֮ŲԤУѾûκε·ˣ
Ȼ˿̣
˽ΪѾ˵ףѾǳİϿȵ
һ·ϣû̫ܵ谭ʵѰ֮Ҫʵ̫̫ˣ
ֻǵİϿȵ֮ʱͫҲȻһ




3947  ֲ
 

ʦ磬Ǽһǿ
˿վ׵ߣϺٳɫ
֮ޣȻʵȴۣ˾ò˼ǣȻӵͷ­
һһ׵ͷ­˿ʮֵ֣
Ϭһ׹ԨĿ־С
һ񣬱ʵ΢֮˻ɢ˰ɣ
çȥƺ֮ǰ˵ĻҪǿ󰡣治֪˷絽ôߵģ
׿飬Ҳɫ䱸˵
ʦ磬Ҹо֮ǰҪ
ü˵ȻǰѾֲ̫ˣ
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΢Уűç¶һ˿ɻ֮ɫ
ǣû뵽ЩȻܹʶ֮ģ
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һ̹ǵ쳹ɽȣ׺鼸ͬʱűçķ˹ȥ
ߣһ޾Ȼ磬ԼҲʲôԭ򣿡
׿Ŷıçд󾪣
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˾Ȼǻޣ
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׵õ˺ĴеĻҲ֪Ϊˣ
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Щĳ˴£ĲĶְҸһϣ
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ΪЩ֮˴ӱӳȥǾܹӳȥˣֱЦЩˣǱǲȤѡ
çףϸһĲм֮ɫ
̾һҲһĹ޶ѣҪôćNɪĳ磬ʱҲǸ

çףҲֿһ˿Ц
䣡
ܿ죬׵ΧѾǳһΪǿĺ֮
Ǳçδ⺮֮ѾΧǧ֮һƬ˪
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ŭһе޷潣ҲѾǶˣ
ֻǾƴȫ⺮δκε˥ǲϵĽѹһΧ֮ڣԽԽС
ʦ磬һ̫̬ˣǸĶ֣þȻӳȥ
Ҳûκεİ취ˣ֪Ψһָˣ
ԭǶڴ˷ǰɽŲٵĵģЩİǼç֮󣬳׵ɥʧˣ
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׿űçдһ˿
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ŭһ޷潣Ѿǳ׵ʧˡ

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š
׼ԼıԴʯ֮ʣû뵽ԭһıçȻһ˿ľ㵣漴ͣһɱ¾
ȻһƺʶеĶ
ֻçľٶһԵЩơ
һɶ˼




3948  ϵ
 

ʲô
׿һãȻģҲʵ
¶һ˿ŹֵɫʱȻҲǻûΡ
һԵһôˣȻˣǿˣ
Ȼ㲻ˣǱˣ
׵ʶϵɨţȫ䱸
˭֪Щʲô˼أ
߿ºѣǻش˱⣬ҲǲԷǣ
һĿ׺飬֮оȻһ˿ȣ
Ȼ
ƺʲô˳һĿ⿴ȥǶԼеıԴʯ
˼ĳΪѣұȻѡԣ֪ʲôĳȻ㣡
׿ӣ˺ܶࡣ
ӦǸЩϵֻ˵ʶ
ҪȻĻΪʲôⱾԴʯʱֹͣ˶ԼĹ
룬ڿжϳһԱԴʯ϶ǸȤġ
ߣ㻹ѡȨ𣿡
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ⱾԴʯ㵽״Ӻε
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ŭֱֵӷѾʱֵ׼
һ˲䣡
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׵֮дһ˿˸ҲȨףԼҲǻصһ￴ʶˣҪȻһΣ
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鿴ףҲüͷ
׵ͷ°ɣȸţɾ衣Ż
ŵͷ׵ĿҲһεĻصϣ
ޱ飬Ŷ׺һλᣬ˵ˣлǲ˵Ǳնɱ֮ǿгȡǵļҲһģ
ҲвǣȻҲǻޣҲ޷ʯҲĳʦͣ
׿ŶҲǵ˵
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ôҲʶʦ𲻳ɣЦ
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²ܵܶ࣬ȷǴڵĲ𣿡
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ĳбҪƭ𣿡Ҳû˵
к֤ݱʵ
֤ʲô֤ʦұԴʯ֤ǷҪ֤ĻĳĻ֮ʦԸġ
׿ʼմһ˿Ĵ֮ɫ
⡭ôܣһ˿ı仯ƺøܴ顣
΢΢һ̾Ȼĳ֪Ҫ˵ЩʲôĳûбҪƭ㡣οǳˣô˵ĸ𣿡
⵹ҲǣһͽܵġƵ˵
Ϊܶ벻ʦķ۶ѣ׵˵
֮仹һЩϵףĻͻȻһתȻ¶һ˿֮ɫ
Сйϵʲôϵ
ҲǾ㵵Ŀ𣬲ѾǸоһ˿Ĳͬ
ֻû뵽Ȼйϵȥϵƺӣ
Ǳľˣ
ˣʲô
ЩȦĿⷴתЩ̫˰
˵˵ǵ걾ǿɱ¾һϢ֮־˱ֻϧ̫أΪ˱Щ˵ļ׷ɱ㽫֮У˵ñԵˣ
ףҲЩơ
ԵˣʲôԵˣüʵ
ܹӵ㹻Ļ֮ķӡȻҳȥˣһЦ̾һֻϧ㰡
Ϊʲôʵ
ǵ֮ƨҪӵ֮Ļ֮ǲܵİԱɣǲڿҰ
һƣֻһ̣ڵĻ֮ȻԼαĿʼ




3949  թ
 

İϿڣ
Ҳû뵽ǰһﾹȻǺͽܣ
ȻЩ̫ܡ
˵б۾ģǺȣĽͽܸɱˣǲǳô
ǵʱǰ磬ǻʲôȥأ
˵ڵҲԼǻ޶ѡ
Ҫ˼ȥ˻磬˵ģʱ˭Ҳһأ
ԭΪ׻пԼԵ֮ˣôڶЩ
ֻǵϵĻ֮ϵǿʱӶɳˡ
⡭ôܣ
ʱףøܡ
ΪǼһȻ̺һЩ֪֮ԼҪĲ໹ǲСġ
ЩʧͬʱҲεЦЦ
˵ƶ¶öںƭԼˡ
ǰĳ󷨰ɡ
ֻǰһԵȻеǣҲ֪׵Ը
ƭأ
ʱһ˱ųǿ綼ð
ôģ
ףҲǾֵʵ
ȵڸǰͰɣ
ܿ죡
ӰûİϿǰҲüС飬ʵǾޱȰҵҪƿ󷨣ЩѶȣ
һԵ󷨲󷨣Ҳ˵أֻʦ硭
ʲô˵ɣ̧ͷһΪ֮Ȼ޴ӵ֪ˡ
ʦ磬һ˵ͷͷǵҲòΪʲôὫҾòôļ򵥵ġ
鿴ף֮дһ˿Ľ䱸֮ɫ
֮ǰҾɣʶʦ϶ǲʵ
ʦ磬ҾĻ㲻Ѫһʱ򼴱Ҫʲô۶ӵĻҲǲ̫ܰ
죬бҪ
ı۾ͷ˵ҲеֻҵѪδض޾Ч
ô֪أ˵ˣǻޣҲӵĲѪҾֻҪӵģǿԵġ
鿴ףȻҲЩԥ
һУǶڶģ
Ϊµ𣬵ʱǾɴɱ
ҲײðյһԭޣҪСĽ
ĻҲǾе
Ϊʲô
Ϊһ𱻷ųǵʱҲݱ鰡
ãͰ˵İ죬˼ȥҲΪһ˵ĸ֣ðž޴ķաһһųǾͲҵȿԿƵˡޣǼֱǺһĴڰ
׵дһ˿ĿҲ֪Լ̫
ôа취
𼱺ĿףҲЩ˵
һǰѶȺܴ󡣡
٣ܹȱȥĻȻһ޴ľϲ
֮дһ˿Ĳ˭Ҳ֪Ҫʲôľϲ
ǰղĳֵ֣֮̽ʮֵľڵʵ»ǲһЩġ׵˵
һЩ𣿡д޾ʧ䡣
һԲô֮䲩ĵʱˡ
ʲôİ취ԥһʵǱܹæģǾܿڣ
и취һԣ׿Ҳü
ʲô취ֻҪϣǶȥһ°Ǿôˣǿϧ˰ļУѾԱˡ
ĳҪǰһξѪڶʱ֮Ӷһƻۡ
׵ȥʮֵ峺·ΪҪеľһ취
Ѫûİ취𣿡
üףȻҲǴ޾ķ֮ɫ
ǰʵĳʲôֽ𣿸οȷûʲô취
׵̬ȹǫֻĵ߾Ͱߡ
һߣ
񲻶ϵɨŶףƺҪ˿һ㣡
ԽľԼôǶԵġ
ǲܶģǶĲ
һξѪһξѪɡ
ԥһ֮ȻҲЩȻĿ׵
룡
ҲûκεķϻѪʧˣȫԴݵȥ!
ǳɹˣ𵽵Ǹʲôˣɾһˣ
ʱ
ԼһξѪƳԼ⣬һҲˣ
ѪʵϤĲϤˣ
ûлͷײʲôԥ֮ɫǻɬֿڵİϿ֮У
һϽɫķҲǽξѪϵںһ
ʱһһĹȥˣƺδйѪȻҪʱġ
ʱȥˣ׸оԼˡ
ĳһ̣İϿ֮һ󾫹ֻ˭Ҳ֪澿ʲô飿




3950  
 

İϿ
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ʱ𻹲֪һоô£
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˵Լı˿ˣҲԲôһĸоûаɣ
𡭡
׿ǰҲ̽ԵĺţҲȷ׳ɹûУ
һɼǿǷһĿ𣡣
ЩֵĿ׵⡭ʲô
㣬㵽ǲǺȣ׿Ҳʵ
ҪܿƣԼ޷ܾʵ⣡
ֻҲǷ֣һ㱻Ѫ֮һЩͬ
ûôǿҵ˳ӣҲΪ
¾Ϊʵ̫ǿһԵʣ׶Ŀûôס
Ȼǡ
ĺҪѹԼҪܾش׵⡣
֮һҪشָо͸ˡ
ʦ磬һﻹһ㶼ʵһһǱİɣ鿴Ҳ龪һ
ǵʲô취
𶼿ѪˣҪ֪ȻʵأôҲǻޣʵǺǿġ
뱻׿ƣ̫ˡ
ֻǵʱǱ̫ˣһᣬҲֻðˣ
û뵽һεðգ˲صĴۣ
ôģԺԻֻ֪Ψһѡڱ׵ϣпһ¡
²òͷ
Ҫûκεİ취
֪вһ޵ĺ𣿡ȥľǿ
ΣǱղķһҪɱıǱ˰ɣû˵
һߣǺĻô˵
ΪʲôҪץ㣿ʵ
ֻΪǺǧһҸˣ
ȻҪش𣬿ǲ鲻Ըĸף
Ż̺ǧ⾹Ȼǧһ
ĿɿڴĿоһĲ˼顣
֮£û뵽Ҳ֪һЩЩԺ֪ôˣǺҲţ棬Ȼʵֲ̫ˣ
ףҲǳ
ôڴ˴ģüʵ
˵׷ɱ·ӣֻܵʵû뵽Ȼ˵ܹƽҶû뵽һ޵ʵ羹Ȼܹల°
˵⵹һĴѡ
Ȼĺܣֻô֮еģ
ʦһƷ׷ɱˣȻ󷨽סһһҪҵ
ÿÿἰ£ƺһµĸо
һԺҪ磬ʦԭµĻӦ֪Լô˰ɣ
͵ʦŹ𣿡м˵
ΪǽֻĻʦȻնɱ֮УмһңǾͲһˣ
׵ĻһֻȻʵζ档
֪Լһֱ֮Уǻûκε塣
ȥ磬ˡ
ףȻ乪ԺֹӶģ֮仹ҪԼµġ
˵
һҪΪһƧ֮ϲҡڵĻε
û⣡ӵȻûʲô⡣
ڶ㣬ֻΡ
ΪΣЩƵʵ
û˵ֲרְ֣ǳ̫࣬һ֣ҳ˷ûеڶѡˡʱ򻹲ñŪ
ãҲû⣡׵ͷ˵Ҳеġ
ͷһ㣬ô⣡
û⣡״Ӧʮˬ죬ڵʵʲôǼٵġ
ԺֻǴӦ粻⣬ǻ׿û˵
ã죡ƺҲͨˣֻ˵ûκεİ취ˡ
죬ȻĳӦôҪǲӦֵĳ˰
ĵͷ֮ʣ׾Ȼס´Լ
ܵ˫һе㡭ʲô




3951  ε
 

˿Ҳʶĳ׵ķ˹ȥ
ֻ׾ȻĶԼ·ҲЩĿ˿ף֪һﵽЩʲô
׿һĶ񺮵˵ɶأ
ɶɶأ
ƺδκεľ裬ʶĿʵ
û˵㻹ǲҪĺˡҾ֪֪ûѪ
Ѫ˵ΪҪɶأ
һҲЩ
ô˵ⶫЩʵ
ǰйʱûУҪĻӦҲʲô¡
¶һ˿Цݣ
ɶʱ㣿ҲǷԼһ¡
ֻһ̣Ļʮֵơ
ѪһһֻҪʱͺˡЦһ
٣һǧſ׵ɴ۾ȻҲʲô£
˵ȱʱ仹զΰһǧѣʲôƺʱûκεĸ
ӵ˵Ĳʲô
ԣ˵Ҳʮֵɣ
ôҲû뵽Լ˵һ仰Ȼ˵ļ
ֱҡͷ̫ˣ̫ˣھҪ
ڣҲа취ʵⶫ˵ûκεô֪ҪĻҸˣ
Ҳε˵Ϊⶫʮֵϡƽ
׿ʵʵôǿᣬ˸͵ˣܲа
Щ˿˳ۣҪ͸ˡЩ˿˳ֱӾɱˣ˵ҲİЩһõ㶫ļҿҲͦģҪȻʵ̫˰
Щһֵ⣬ֻû뵽һ֮䣬жˣ
׿Цҡҡͷõİɣǵ˭Ⱑ
Ҿ֪һ֮ˣӦþĮ޵ˣǶΪٹӦҲǸɡ˺ܺҵġ
ףҲν˵
¾ѪֱӾõ˰׿ҲЩûڲ˵
ʵⶫƽѪ֮⣬û̫áһõĻǲ̫ܵġ
Ȼ֪ⶫ·Ҫ֪ΪĶ
ʵĳΪ˾ҵķˣҲЩ׷Ī֪˵ĻӦЩˡ
ҵʲôأ㺰Ҳ𣿲Ǿȸ˶ѣ˾ȲˣһȲ𣿡
ֵ˵˵һ֮ĸǰĲڻ£
ڵǣˮֻʣһƲл꣡
ҪܽĻѶ֪֮ˣ
ĻҲǴһ˿εĿԣ
ôΰһզΣɲҸ㴵
ţֻһƺЩͷˡ
״ĻֻʣһƲлĻҲ𣿡
ʲʲôʲôһƲл갡ףҲЩ㵵ʵ
ֻһƲлӦöİɣε˵
Ҳð찡Ҹ˶᲻򵥵ĺܣ
֮ҲֱӸָһΪ·
ޣҪĻһԼܸˣû˵
զΰףҲǺʵ
ֱ˵˰ɣҵķܽȻ󡭡
˵꣬ʼ˵Լ뷨ֻһԵѾĿɿڴˡ
⡭ȷǿԣǵҪٵĲϰɣοЩܹ𣿡
˿̿ף֪ķ
ˣھȱѪĲˣеĻӦûġ̵
û뵽羹Ȼд˵һЩСˣ
Ҳ̾һȻû뵽绹顣
׳ǺǺܶˣǶǴȥģĳһζѣλܶ˶пܴﵽֻһЩȴﵽ˶ѣ
ðɣ⻰ҲЩͷ׼ˣȻѪϢҵȵȥһ˴ĮޱǡΧöҲǲٰ
Ҫ㶼ȥͺˡν˵
׵ҲǲֱӽеҩĶԼ֮С
𺮱ҲǺöΪɶһꣿŽеļ𺮱ݣ׾Ȼһ꣬ҲƵʵ
һһһҪһЦһ
˿̣
޴ѾʧİϿһƺҲ̫ѹ֣
ʧ֮ıһҲǵִİϿȵ
ֻǵߵʱһĿɿڴ




3952  Į޵ͽ
 

İϿȵ
˿ǰһĻоһĹޱȡ
Ҫ֪ǽӽİϿЩˣѾӦǿе׼
ֻǵİϿȵһ̣ȻɶûУ
⡭ʲô
һԵĹɣҲǾ㵵ʵ
λ˵Ӧط
ҲԼʶɨܣȻط֮ǰһ£
𺮱ݣ
ϿԶһ꿴ȥЩͨȴȻһݵʱҲЩ
ȻǴ𺮱ݣλСˣ
ɿԶһĴ𺮱ݣҲһ˿ȻĹâ
ֻһꣿΪĹ찡֮ǰ˵çڸϡҩİôֻһ𺮱ݣĪǸ岻ɣ
ϿһԵļˣԭҪȥģڿȾҲԥˡ
̫˼ˣ
ԲçϹޣʵ൱ĿֲԵ޹ʵʧأοʧˣЩҲڵİɣ
ҲüһԵİ羳ǿǣƺҲΪʧ
ĪǷˣü
ô죿𺮱ݵһ꣬ôҲɮٰıֱ˵˵
Ǿ͸ƾ£ɵһЦ
ٹĪҪˣɽҴĮ޵ĵ̡Ҫɣ
ЦһҲǴһĨǿƵ
ǣƾҲٹ˵ĻǹԹó𺮱ݣٹǿԲǼƽϣ˭ҸٹǿɾͲҪֱٹˣ
ɵǿƣıЩ⧲
һﵽź˵Ļ
˵ģڵǸ֣⹬ҲȻǶְ
Ī޵˻ʲôֲɣ
˺ֵĻô֮ǰͫħΧʱӦþͳˡ
Ҫ֪ǸʱĹɲһ㶼ͫħǵΧ˺ˣ
ܵÿ죬ڿѾΪ˻ͫħǶʳ˰
ɣ̫Լ˰ɣΪҴĮ޵ľ޵˲ɣ
ıŹɣҲŭ
𺮱ݣôҲû뵽һξȻ˵˳
ʵϣ
֮ǰѾ׼ˣΪ˵Ǳçжôǿ󣡣
ôҲû뵽Ȼ˵ɾͿԵõ𺮱ݣ
˹ɵ˵ĻѾõ𺮱뿪ˡ
ղűٹ˵ˣҪƾºˡɵ˵
ǴĮнʮڴˣ㲻ʮ˶ѣʲôʤ㣿Ҫ㻹к֣к֣ҲڸղôǱ
ıŹɣһֻܹעѹˡ
ȻûκεĺøУʱվԼߣôһоˣ
ٹСүѣСүԼѱİɣЦһ
ȻᣡЦ
ı㡭
ıϲǲȴӰԭӻ׼һʱ䣬ƫƫʶ̧ٵҪٹ𺮱ݡ
˿̾ǻһˣ֮ǰǸı˳һѾǳ׵ʧˡ
㡭ҾȻ壬ôĵӣ
ıҲǴϻ֮ˣһӾ뵽һµĿԡ
˵
ĮȻǷƮҡȴҲΣķ
ϴĮ޺ǴһΪλã˭ܱ֤أ
ڴĮȨ죬ĸϵĻôĮ޿¾Σˣ
ӴӴӴΪ㸸𣿼Ȼܸ˵һǶȻȥ׼ˡ򿴣𺮱ҲͲҪ˷ˣһʲôأ
¶һ˿Цݣʱȥ沿
£ߣ
ѾǿԾˣֱһץıԳԶһȺһۣѾ¶˾ɫ
ԭǾʹıһģֻû뵽һ
ϡ
ıĿͨ죬ǰľҲǾһ֮׼ܣ
٣ܵ𣿡
͹ɼͬʱıĸǰζɫı֣
СүȻŮȤǽ;˺ˡɵ˵
лٹ¶֮ɫȥʮֵ˷ܣ
һ̣
ıŵǿǰľôҲû뵽龹ȻᳯһѪķչ
ֻһ̣ıһӵɵĹԲ
Ϊһþ㵲֮ˡ




3953  ˼ı
 

İϿ
ıһ˿ľ֮ɫû뵽ҾȻ޹ᣡ
̰ȨǴĮ˾֪顣
ҵ̫Ӵ󣬴ĮmһֱҲ͵ļޡ
ֻıôҲû뵽ҾȻѾǵ˹ĵز
޹ᣬĿѾǲԶˡ
Ȼѡ˶֣ôǶȻǾԼ㹻ʵܹ˸£
ʵϣ
һ˼Ϲ˵Ļסı˲ʱ⣡
ο˭ָܹİϿ֮У˹
ıľԶ׼һ̶Ҳǲ˼ȵĻɡ
Щί֮ˣȻ˵Ĳ
Լһǫǫһ㣬û뵽ⱳ澹˵޲硣
Լ˹ı˼ûˡ
ΪʵĶ֣ϻһˡ
˼һǵǳ׵Լϣˣ
ֻıôҲû뵽Ϊؼʱ̣׾Ȼˡ
ǼһﲻѾ
ıѾϸˣĽ赽Լǰһɲǣ׵ĽԼ
䣡
ɢĽ쳹İϿȣһ̣˶ͣǵսתͷ˹
ֹӡ
Ͽ׵ĳ֣ҲǾһ
ֵģȻû
ͬʱҲЩҧгݵ˵ʵѾ˹Ϊˡ
û뵽һﾹȻڻͫħȺ֮֮ˣ
㶼ûĳôأԭĳ˵Į֮˸͡սɽ쿴㣬ҷִĮ޳֮Ҳ
׿Ҳ΢΢ҡͷ
˵Ʒʵм
ΪĮ޵ĸ߲ȻͶв˵һ֮˵ǰԼmĹ
ͳһ㣬;ô˵ıʵѾˡ
׵УŮ֮ˣʵǲ֮Ϊһˡ
ٺ٣㻹ԼͷⰡ֮ǰˣΪˣͲ׷ˡû뵽ƫƫŴǿɾ͹ֲñ˰
ףû˿֮ͬɫ
һԵĹɵСүսپȻܹܵǵļƻһ񰡣
ٹģ⼸÷ܳȥ
ſɲΪŵԵʣһҲ˳׼
ͬʱİϿȣλľǱ֤һʧ
ı
Ŀɲıߵϵλ羳ĸ֡
ʵϣһγҪĿľΪнնɱˣ
ǲңֱնɱˡ
һĮmһĿĿʼ
ֹӣǺοأ
ıʱףг˸м֮ɫ
ֹҲ̫³çһЩΪ˾ԼȻԸȥԼ
ò˵ıһһЩжˡ
֮֮ǰ˱֮κһ˶Ҫֵи
ĳû뵽ĹݾȻ֮ߣԸĳѵˣĳ߲嵶ҲԸġ
׿ıҲ̹˵
˹Ŀ࿴ıû뵽ӾȻϲôһ챾㣬ǿһԿԧ죡
ܵЦıȫνġ
ǣ㻹ǷôĿһ仰˵ĵûһ߲ˡֻ߲˵ˡ
׵Ŀһһͷƺ֪
Ҫʲô£İϿȴʴʣ
һЦѾǻ
׿ģһָͷȻ˰ڵ㣬ɣ
ֹӣЩ˶Ǿϸѡġܹ£ҵѾʮָмԸǣҲҪΪºֹɱһѪ·Ժµͽֹˡ
ϿףѾ׵ĸǰ
ŭһƥҲҸõطٸĻȫң
λξ壿㱳ҴĮޣඨҪ㸶صĴۣ
ϵ£ƺѾ׼ˡ
ıʱˮҪǰֹķ񣬿֪ϸԼȡĻᡣ
ϣЩ׳ĴѾǸжĳˣֻĳԣЩ˲һѡС飬ɱ
Ͼ֮ʣȻķ֣ղŻԼСѾǳɱȥ߾Ȼһλͬӡ
񰡣
˾Ȼǹƥľ͸ǰ˶ˣⲻ




3954  õ
 

˿̣
İϿ֮УһһҾȻֱɱ빬ɵĸ֮У
ĹɺһЦ
Ըǰ֮˸Լ£Ӧǲġ
Ҫ֪ǴĮһĳš
ֻһ̣
Ѿǵһأҳɽɱһ
䣡
׵һȭֱӽһԵļλǿƷڵأ
ɽѾǿѪ
ȻҲǰ羳ǿߣǸ׵ˮ׼ʵǲЩˡ
ɽӦòǰ羳֮ˡ
⡭һ˭ôֲ
ɽһУŵĻ겻壡
ôҲû뵽ǸΪɱ֮ˣȻ˵ͣ
ɽԱߣһλڤҲʿˮϾţǿӲ˰
λϣҵڴһˣԺҿºڴĮ˰
ԭ⣬ɵɽڤĶԻ֮׵Ļ񣡣
һߣ
ҲǴɱķֱڹɵĶ֮гɱ˺üء
Ǽλ羳ǿߣǻŵĹ֮⣬֮ѾǽԱնɱ֮У
ԭʮ˵Ķ飬˲Ҳֻʣ²һˣ
Ȼһս֮ǰǿ٣Ǿ˵ġ
Сүֻܾˡ
ڤ֪ܲеϵڱ˻նɱȻǲԸġ
׿ɽ˵ĳλһλᣬǴʱͷǰǻһĳǿĮŻˣ
ߣƿСΪ˭浱ɣ
ڤһΧף϶ǳԲġ
羳ǿնɱһˣǶɱ˵Ļôľǰˣ
ֻϧǣɱһڵס
ڤ粻ˣҪĳ飬ֻܹԼѡ·׿ɽˣҲ΢΢һ̾
һݵò¹˭ֻ֪أ
ϡ
׿Լļλ羳ǿߣ
ֹ˵
ҲǼ֣ԭΪȥģڿ׶֪֮˼ģĸְ
İϿȵĳڣһܳȥʣµĽĳǣ׵˵
ıףҲֹСһЩˣ
΢΢ͷһһѾվɽ˵ĸǰ
ֻɽʶĺ
࣡
򶨣ʵѾǻŵһ
ôҲû뵽õľ棬Ȼ˵͸
һֵģԾһĶģԴûκεİ취
Ȼ֪ı״ʲôطύЩ˵ģ
ƺһе˾ƿ˵С
˵п˵ϵں滢ӣֻܹսپˣ
˵һ
ڤ˻δ׼֣׵ϿѾǼһ
Զǲŭ˸оһѹ֡
֣һã
ײط˷̫ʱ䣬֪Ψ̵ʱնɱˣ;
˵׺һţͻĻô׿ûˡ
ڵ֮Уǿסһ첻µزµ
ĵͷĻԼɱˡ
װǻƣɽҿֱ
ڤʱѹԼĵǣʵܲ𽥱ǵһ±˳ȥ
ɽ˿̸ڤ뷨һ£֪ǰԽԽΣˡ
Ҳûκεİ취ûлͷѾǼϲòˣ
ݣ
Ӱһһҳ׵ķɱȥ֮һӰֱӳ׵Ŵն£
ߣ羳ǿߵΧҲðǲƤ
ʱƺһЩղ׵ѹЩˡ
ڤɽ򣬿СȶӶˡ
ֻһ̣
ЦѾ𽥵ˣΪڤɽӰصһ
һߣλ羳ǿƺһֱӸ˿
գ֮䣬֮Ѿǳһ죡
һѪ˿Уɢһ̱ǵζ
һεĿǸʱԭλ羳ǿߣʣλˣ
һ΢΢һ̾
ʱڤɽһǾȻԼͬĳӴܶȥ
һĻֱùɺߵļŵСȶҲ
õƺһ֮䣡




3955 
 

ǿ֮
İϿȳѪȵϢ
һһȴռøӵı䡣
ӣ
׵Ŀ΢һ˿޵Ц⡣
ţӰһεʧ
ʱ
ڤɽѾǲܲˣǵǷǳǿҡ
ֻϧǣӵžļӳ֣Ѿɱˡ
羳ǿߵĶԾһɱ
ڤɽѾ˵ﻹоͷ׶ս
ʱ
˵³ѾǸ֮ǰλ羳ǿûˣֲ˹
һ̣ɱ٣İϿȳϢ
ƺҲûţֻЧʱȲס
նɱ֮һεĳ뵽ߣİϿȼΪƽء
ҲҿİϿ֮ˣĻͻϳˡ
£ϣ
˿ﻹʲôǿߵķ緶˿ȥһΪ˻ʲô˵
ߣ㱳ҴĮʱôûЩأ
ıʱӣգ⵹һõ
ĸ״ĮmһֱҪεжд̣ǿûκεͷ
һЩСǷѵĻֻǻἤ䡣
ɴ飬һǱֵķǳĺãôĮmĹ޴ˡ
ڣǽͱˣҿɾĮ޵ĵˡ
ޣν
ͽκһʱǲϲġ
ϣϣǿҳģкã˵˵ɡ
һѱһĿϣҲǳ˰֮ɫ
Ȼ֨ɿóĽҲдϵġ
˭Ҳû뵽һ֣ȻԼӡ
ϵ˵Ҳһлƾֹ
ֹ֡ӡ
ʱףǹ͹һ
׻֮ʱ˿񶼲һˡ
֮ǰֻΪ˻Щ£ôҲû뵽ľȻ͵ʵ
ǿߣﶼᱻء
׿ʵ
룬֡ǰֻҪҵСԸó
һϣѾЩڲˡ
׿̾һҹޣǴĮҲ̫ƽ
ֹӣҴĮ޵ڶʵ֮ǿƿֲҴĮmǶǼɵְ
ı֪׵ݣ֪׸ҲǵжԵĻ˵Щˡ
ô˵ҶڴĮЩ뷨ˣ׿ʵ
Ҳҡ
ףϽҡҡͷ
Ҳûʲô˼ϵģҰ֮˲в˴ĮmΨиɵĮmſԼˡĳ峤Ӧһ൱˲Ű
ײΪôǴˣ֮ǰmĺؼһҲΪʲô
ͳȻҪ磬ΪҪӦþʵ
ͳ󻹲ǱؼҸɵˣ
ЦһֹˣҸֻԱѣ
ı׵ĻҲε˵ֹӣ⡭
ǴĮڲ飬ĳƺҲûʲôϵĳ˷ǰĮޣϣĮmĹ̸һ̸
׿ıҲЦһ
ֹӣ֮ıͳһ㣬Ÿ״һӼġıףҲƶ˵
ţŴĮmĹĳҲȻʧġֻǸǻδ֪ЦЦص
ֹӶˣĸҸ״ϲ֮ˣôᡭı֮⣬Ѿһ˼ˡ
ˣ𺮱ݣĹȻõһҲˣھͳĮΣĳǰĮޣҲΪ˿ɷõѪ
׿ıҲ
һƾֹӰţѶȺܴ󣬱ȫֹӵõѪ
ı˵һ˿飬֪Ϊʲô׸ĸоȻһ˿ȻĶ
ԼʱӰԼһΪõӡɣ
ô˵һεıøˡ
һ뵽Լȥ޵ʲôٹʱʮֵĿģ
ֻȴ飬һѪȻҪõġ
˷ǰĮޣ֪ϲôɡ
͹ȻδѺ⣬ǵʵѾûκܵĿԡ
һ˺ƺƵĳŴĮ޵ķ򼲳ǰš
ֻǵһɽׯ֮ʱͺѾǳӭˡ




3956  Įս
 

ʵϣ
Ǻ廹Ƕıһγȥܹص
ǽӵͨʱҲסˡ
ȻıٶʵЩ죬ҾȻȫˡ
ֻǵͺ忴֮еʱҲסˡ
£Сүô
忴ıҲһʵ
ѣûʲô
ıźϲûʲô̫õɫ
εĿı£һȥǷõ˴𺮱ݰ
ıܵõ𺮱ݣ
ΪǿǱçĵ̣ȥ˼û
ӦΣȻ۷ˡ
ĻôܺĻأ
ı˵õһꡣҪϻشĮǣǾͲøˡ
ǡǣ¡
ͺɫҪѿжѿıǲҪӵġ
һԵЦһߣ
˲κεҲѸٵÿһ·ıǴɽׯһ·򱱳ŴĮ޶ǴĮǵķ򼲳۶ȥ
µģֻͺ˹Ӱ
֣⡭ÿ𣿡
ʱɫʮֵѿǾò̫ܡ
̾һûеõ𺮱ݣıܻȥģڿӦǵõˡ
СүһֱϲʮڿӦСүİ尵ҡͷ
΢΢ҡͷСүʮȻܳ׵ģĻôһأ֮ǰڴĮѧԺͺˣ󻹲Ǳǿˣ
˼˵忴ЩƵʵ
̸ϻشĮǣһؿҪкϷˣѵղûп֮оȻ޵ٹ𣿶ǿ֮˾ȻһԲ㲻𣿡
ӸղŵһĻѾǿ˲ٵĶ
ǰǸֵļһܹͦºӵİ澿ʲôҲԹԵ˵
һеȻȥ֮ȻˡҲ߰ɡ
ͺжǺɲǲ֪澿ʲô飿
ڵǼڸֻ࣬ǲ֪ǣǻصĮǵʱѾһƬ⽣Ӱˣ
Įǣ
ΪĮ޵ģķ̶ȵҲǿԵġ
ֻ֮޵ȵأĲһΡ
ı˷жΣԵصĮǵʱҲû̫Ĺע
ֻһЩѾע⵽ıһ
ıһ·ǰУ׵˽˴Įm֮У
mս˿ڴĮmĴ֮ϣ֪ԼŮһȥǸʲôģ
ֻû뵽ԼŮȻɽ֮лˡ
о˼ǣȻһ飡
һ˽֮У
μ״ˣ
ıս˸񣬶һԳ˴Į֮ˣɺײδκεĶʾ
սҲգɨһȦˣĿ˹ɵϵⲻ޵ٹôĶ֮У
˵״ˣȸһֹӰɣֹӰܾͻزˡ
ıսҲǿĵ˵
ֹӣҲսĶʵ
ЦһĹĳǴĮ֮ˣ֮ǰɽżʮҲǻԵɺϡ
ɺֹӵʲôˣΪλսĿ֮дһĨɱ
׵һЦĹĳʲô˲ҪĳʮҲǲٵ顣֪Ĺɷ񡭡
ǣ㻹Ŀİ˵ɣȻ˱ŮֻҪõģȻҲģ
ս̲ǰһﱾܵûʲôøС
Ϊ֮ǰ׶ʵǲ̫صԭ
˱лĹˣĹ֮żȻɽõһöѪ֪Ĺɷ
׿սɳȡ
սסˣ۾΢еѪɽʥҲҴĮ֮
ĹԹʵ˰ɣĹ۰
ôĵӣȻҸ˵
սףһλѾվ˳ŭָ׵
ĹĳʮֵĳöѪʵΪ˾ĳİޣĹ׿ս֪׵ϣЩãˡ
ˣֹӲԼ̫Լ𣿡
սף֮дŵһĨزסɱ⡣
Ѫ
һˣܹ
ֻս֪״ʱҲѾµ뷨




3957  սǿӲ
 

״ˣֹҴĮҲйİ
ΪĮ޵ĹıԼĸײӦ˵Ĳ
ѪȻҪɸĮ޵ǰ;ȣһѪܸıʲôأ
ֻսܵľƻԼļƻʮֵĲˬ
˼·ԼŮ޸޲;
һﲻԼŮҵ˴𺮱ݣƻԼļƻ
Ҫ֪޸һüȥ
ѲԼĮ޵ĹΪı֮㺣ֱƻ
ε壬ûжܹá
ıԴǵ˵йҴĮ޵ʥ𰡣ֱ޻̸֮
״ˣһȻʲô£һֹɲǾŮǷ֮乴֤ݣ
ıҲЩˣԼľˣʵЩԶˡ
ʲô֤ݣ
սııĿ¡
ıӭսĿ⣬״ˣһҵȽİϿȣ޵ٹ¶ǵı¶ǽǹֱ֮Բ䡭
𣿡սЩƮĿһʵ
Լĭˣ⡭⡭
ˣ֪ˣȻȥɡ
սƺ˵Ѿǽһε졣
ıЩ㵵ĿԼĸ׵״ˣҡ
ţλֹһҡ
սδֱӶ׶֣ѡ˽赶ɱˣ
ԼҲǾ㤲ѣû뵽սȻѡɱԼҡ
ڵҪһԽԶԽˡ
ıһ˿ǻ״ˣֹȥңǱɰ
ǣбİţֹ֪ΰ
սһףںһ˵ġ
ڵҾʹ˺ƤѡԼŮǸֵġ
ңʱ췴ǾҪ֮ڵĭӸˡ
սҽ¶ˣҲûʲô̫塣
ı˵ĻսҪĻ
ʵϴһսѾǷЩԾˣһֱڲ⡣
״˿̿һսҲЦһĮȻ鴫ĳȻĹ˰ţҵȻǿˣǣ
ս˵ҴĮһÿͣѾ˿ͣҶȻǺúõдֹӵġȱŮһ£Ȼʹ͡
ˣĹŰɣĳȱǵʹ͡
׿սҲǺüԡ
ţͽ£
սδ˵ߵѾŭ
սһֻƵˣֹǱŮľˣѲɶҪ˵һ֮𣿡
ˣ˸Ҫʵǿɶ
սߵȺҲȺ鼤ܣʵҲҪսĸǰһԼġ
Ĺĳ߻ǲˣ
׿սߵȺˣҲ¶һ˿ĳ֮ɫ
ЩһŭԲȥʮֵ
˭Ҳֵ֪ļһôôţ棬Ѳǲ
Щʵأ
ϣ´㻹ô˵սʮֵƢΧʵ̫Ļһһ
˭һıأ
ĳϽ˼㣬ҲȻ顣
Ժ˭ĸҸأ
ս޷ǾǱֳԼĴΧ֮˶ηѡ
˿̣
׹ЮѾǳҵķ˹ȥ
ڹɣҲǸ
˵ʵЩ֣һԵһֱľ
⶯ɱԼȻֱˡ
˵ĻԼп˵ˡ
ֻҪңһӦþҪˡ
Įǣң
״͹ɽܲۡʱӭǵĲǱˣҵ峤죡
һΣıԼĶӺ͹ɽĮmʱҲ亹죡
ôҲû뵽ԼĶӳȥ˸ܻ׽ˣ
ѾһЩ׼ֻǾ׼ʱm֮ȴԼĶӳϢ
׺£쿴ʵ
״ˣ¶ˣ޵鱩¶ˣֱ˵˽
Ĺˣֻǡɳ
ֻʲôȻˣսôǻأ
״ˣҵҲְüΪ
ʱŭָףԼĸףĵһεķ
ּ
Ŀⶨ׵ϣ˿ǵĲԶһѾ
һ˳֮С




3958  ѡ
 

ū߰ɣ
ԣһ̫Ӵżɤ
ĳݲɷĳƬ̣
쿴ŶλҲǲ̲Ļһ䡣
ˣԵƬȻǿԵģҲù˵ȴ̫ðɣۼҾȴˣ
λ죬ҲʮֵĿ
ͷڴĮޣǿ൱Ĵڡ
ЩˣһǿߺģҲֻܹװˡ
ολȻ֪Įm֮ѾͬˮĹϵ
¹˭δ֪һӣǱǸԼһ·
ż˽˸֮ۡУλվҲǱĿ
ҿ֮У
߶һˣ˵ʵ켸ࡣ
ϣսҪǶˣ
쿴ˣҲֱ˵˵
峤ˣô£
˵֮˱еҴϣ
빬ٹǰİϿȰ£ıСˣ״
ҲƵĿһɸֵӡ
ʱ֣ҿ²ռư
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ɿ죬ҲǱȭ
ˣս˳ǸȻĮ޵ġȻղŴûзΪ϶ǰѾˡ
쿴ΧˣüͷҲǽ
Ϊ״ˣɱ
ŭָףֻ˵ʱԼܵĳˡ
ǽնɱλֵʵ
¾ˣ
ʵһֱעף׵֮ûп˿ĺ֮ɫ
սԼŮ֮ƺҲǺϲҪǵֳλֹӰ
ԭĳҪıȡĮmĺøУȡĳҪĶֻϧսƺ̫Сˡ׵˵
ʮֺ棬㵽ʲôˣ˵ʵ첻óȻж
һﾹȻնɱλֵʱҲǳ׵סˡ
Ȼ˵ڤʵڰ羳ǿ֮ΪͶ˵֡
ôͶˣҲλ羳ǿ߰
Цһ޺·һҪĴȥĳ
˸£
ɿ׵ҾȻ˵ţҲŭһ
ԭĳǴս̸ģΪ̬ȣĳı⡣ĮmӦòһľˣԥʲô
׵ĻƣҲʶĺһ
һԵЦһºôĿƾһˣܹδˣδҲ̫Լ˰ɣ
峤Ҫ޺ɱ
ٲ˵ԼݣǽľͲҪĳˣ
쿴ף֮з˿˿â
ޣף
׿ˣҲ³˼֣
ֻ⼸֣һΧ˶оһת
ޣף
ѾΪһֲĴˣһսʤֱ࣬Ӹ˺üš
Ѿ磬˴糱ˮһȥƺҲûἰ޼ս֮ܣ
ǴĮޣҲʧһŵıνʧذ
㡭ֹ֡
ȼģʱ׵ĻҲŵЩ
ɱôǵĸ֮ۡϣ
ˣ峤֮Ҳ֪ʱ䲻ô˷ѵġҪ֣ΨͶһĻһл·𣿱Į޵ˣ
׿죬ɢŵĹâ
ץץסֻҪץסǾǴһʱ峤˳˭
ɴʱҲǾĪôҲû뵽ǴʼߵĶһʵʵĴ尡
ǣˣһЦѡ峤ı˳죬ĳһʱ俼ǣǰȥ˿ʼƷһԵ㡣
峤ˡ
ʱǶһȦ֪һεѡľҵˡ
ǴĮmǴmֻޣƺѾɽǵʱˣ
֮Ѿдžһƾ




3959  ֮
 

ܲ
ͻȻٶһԵҲ˸һĨɫ
û뵽Ȼô;δˣ
Ҫ֪Ȼǿƣ˭֪½ĴmȻΪĹУ
ֻڵƺѾ;ĩ·ˣûκοѡأ
ԼĸףʱѾЩɵˡ
ôҲû뵽ǸԼȥˣȻǴ֮еĴmף
˵ôһ˿˿԰ĻôǰľƨҲ㲻ˡ
˼ѾǳΪһް޶ԶԿ缸޵ˡǺεȵǣ
Լأһ֮װһװβǶѣ
߸У
ֻʱҲ־£̵״ˣҵ޽ˣޡ
ߣޣ޸ǳ޽ˣΪӺúһ룬ҲѰһսҶֵĿɽѣ
ɽԼĶӣҲŭ
һԵһףȻ峤ˣܹȫҰ
ϲò빬ɽ¶ΪսľʹŹһǸ̫ˣϵί߲ڵǲѾ޿ˡ
Ҳ΢΢һ̾˵ʵԼҲû׼á
峤˵ûս뷨Ӧǽ֮ڴĮ֮У׽
֪ս֮ǰֹ˵ʵ飬ʵϾǲ
֮˯
սΪĮmĹȻԼĵλܵκεвģ
ֻ˸޼սҲҪһ£
սԭǴ֮Ȳףʾһ¡
ôҲû뵽ǣǴmĹڲ߷Ը
֪ĻղڴĮmôҲý˸
ֹ֪ʲô˼ĪҪֱɱmɣĻ¡
ףĻ̫ˡ
ЦһΪʲôİ취ҺʹĮmһľأڶֻյЧս׼ˣǸʱֻеķˣ
ֹ˵ûĵսǲ֮ڴĮһҲûˡĲ綯ְ
첢Ѷ֮ˣ׵뷨һ¡
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ĵĲûеĮˡ
һˣʱԵľ˵Ļ֮ʦ
˸ովʹʧܣôʱӳΪ޵׷أ
ֹҵȳɹǿ´Įޡ
Ҳüͷս뵽˾սʱ̣ɼʤˣҪԵҲһĿ顣
˵ʵоǰһƬĺڰ˿˿Ĺ
׵һЦ峤ĵ̫ˣ峤˴ĮmĹ֮λɱǡ
ֹ˵ɣȻȡ˻Ի͵ս浽жĳɷֹԼӦĺܡҴĮ޸޸ڣмż˵ѣڶ־
ҲֱԲ˵
̾һˣĮҴ޽ˣ˸ҵҲ൱û׵Ľ
൱ֹôĿ
ǣȻ˵ĻҲ¸߼λޡ޽ΪѣټڤǿӦԮ´ĮޣΪжٵʤ㣿Цһ
ʲʲô𾪵Ŀףһ˵ʲôˡ
˷ϮսֻҪסսǴĮmһˡ
Įm֮УɵľѾҵĿƷΧ֮ڣҪľ˾ҲҵĿ֮СֻڳʵǿɸĮmȻЩ硭ֱӵ
ֲս׵Ķ㣬Ҳɵġã֪ͨȥֹ֮mսֻҪҵսһбˡ
֪
һս׽ãʣµı߽⣬ټڴĮǵʱڿƴĮӦûġ
ֹҡҵʲôʱ֣켱æ
׿һЦս빬ⲻһû𣿡




3960  ٻս
 

Įm
˷ʮ˽˴Įm֮УЩ˽˾֮ǱʧӰ١
Ҳ֮£ڴĮλйų˿Ҳ֣
ֻλôҲû뵽һȻֱӱı
Ϊ첻й¶ѣ
׷ҡ
ˣѾɢڴĮmĸϢ֮أ
ĮmڲʵѾһʱţ
¾սԼ뵽ѡʱ֣
˵սҲѾǿʼˣֻˣ
ôְ˴ˣ
սڹ֮λϣüͷ壬ôҲû뵽쾹Ȼ׸ˡ
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ĿֻһǱҷɾ衣
ôҲû뵽쾹ȻһεĽ˴˻սǲɱֵģֻԸ⽫Լϡ
ҳҪģǱҲ֮е顣
칪๬ˣҲ޳Թ
ǣҥϣ˽ãҲΪƽϢŭ
ս죬̲˵
ΪβԶ֣ʵ
ʱ𣿡սҲ
˵ЦˣǺεȵĵλҵɹ˵ľأֻĳֹһʣ˷ǰҲֹġ
쿴սҲ¶һ˿޵Цݡ
һʣǺðɣȻˣҲνˡ
սôҲû뵽쾹Ȼ⹬֮˵ֻסˡ
Ϊ˿̣ĲǶֵĺʱ
ˣֹиһ飬֪˿ɷһӰ
ɵȻ˵ֻĻЩŵġ
Ϊҵĳɰܻڴһˣ
ʲô£սɫһʵ
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죬ôĵӣ
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Ĺ¼ֻһѪˣĳҲûа취Цŵ
ߣ죬ԭΪֻ֮ǸᣬڱƱˣ
սĻ޾ľ֮ɫ׵ŭˡ
ȷ£ֻѾˡ
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죬̫߹Լˡ޵֧ԮҲԶˮⲻ˽ʡһ򲽽ıɹΪ˻ô·һ
սŭû׼Ҳ£
ο
ΪĮ޵ĵһ֣˭ܹ֮һս
ȵĮ֪ı棬ʱٲʱ䵽ˡ
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쿴սҲǲм˵
ףвȻĶһݵ
οһûףĲҹΪսĶ֡
ֱӽնɱսˣʡȥ̫鷳
λ޹ѾǱ紫
ȻûļʶȴÿԲһǷᣬԺҲûбõĻˡ
˲ϲҴĮֹޣʱǱһҪǣĮmſ¶ȥˡ
ս¶֮ɫ쿪
һЦԭĳûֻϧǣֹˣƫƫֵֹ
ֹĸֹս֮гһĨ֮ɫ
mֹڴˡսڡ
ʲʲôף⡭ôܣ
ս֮ǳһĨ֮ɫû뵽׾Ȼ˴Įޣ
ֲöղС˵ţ˼ŵʱ
ĪԼһֱӽƸԼĶˣ
һ뵽ߣսоԹ졣
ʱѾûκε·ˣŭһߣΣ·㲻ߣ㴳ҴĮޣǵڣʱҴĮޱͷ
ֻսû£
׵Ĩһ˿ĲмĽѾǳˣ




3961  ֮
 

Įm
սĽսһǷǿĮmźš
һʱ䣬Įm֮һƬս
˽ֻ֪Ҫ֮κһĹǱ£һͻı¾֮Ȼֹˣ
ߣҴĮmֵҲҶԱ֣
սʵǿᣬСأ
Ȼ˵⣬ɶڴĮmһս˵ǰ˲ҲǱİ羳ǿ΢ǿôһ˿˿ѣ
ȣǸ۳
ֻ׵һȥ֪޾ĮmϿձŷ
һ
ûκεԥָֽ֪սֻں֮䡣
ҪľǾĿס棬ԽܹսپԽܹĿס棡
һ
սףҲһֱӳɱȥ
ɼΪŰĽ֮𵴳һһεĮmݻٴ룡
ֻʱ˭ںĮmΣ
һ󣬷ƣ
֮УΪֲӰһεĳ֣ܿ㽻һ
գ֮Ĺ֮в֪Ѿǽ˶ٴΣ

˱ƴƺ˭ӵģ
ʵ󣡡
սԽҲüͷԽĽôҲû뵽׾Ȼ˵Ѳ
Ҳ
һһָ˶ս
⽣ŷұӵһȷñĿ࿴֮Ļһ˿ǽ񰡣ս˵
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׿սʵҪնɱˣҪĿסĮޣΨвȡݾ
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ֻս΢΢һֻ̾Щ£ϴɾӵűˡ
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֪սܹΪĮ޵ĵһ֣Ȼֻôģ϶ѹ׵Ķûó
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һԵ쿴׸սƽ֣ҲʮֵĽ
׵ֹҪСˡս֮壡
֮壿
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ʵϣʲȻЩʱ֮һҪǿһЩҲźûֵ֮ġ
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׻ȤսܹΪһ֣֮ռ˾ԵĹˡ
׵Ǿ޽еĻ֮壬˵ʶô¡
˰Ϫ֮úţ֮⣬֮治֪
켱æ֮壬˼תǬʵϣͨĳֱֶžʱڽԼʵһ¥
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Ҳһ㶣û뵽սֶθԼľȻ֮ͬ
ʵϣʲô桢ҩģܹҪôܹԼʵҪôܹʱԼս
ĻʲôҲûãƾʲôôأ
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һ㣬ⶼ൱ĳİ
϶Ϊһֲսܹ˵͡
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Ȼû뵽һʱ̾Ȼ˵Ľ
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ߣսֹܹ߳磬Ѳɾûе𣿡
ҲŭһȥǸԼ׳һ
ֵģһֻܹãһԼݣпܷһ·
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׵ȻһЦͷ֮ȻǶһöӲӵ
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ĮmϿգɫĹâҫԼա
˿̵ıĿɿڴĿǰһУڸոսĺҲǳ׵̱ˣ




3962  𺳴Įm
 

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˶֪׷ʲô飬˿̾˾ǱѾǻսһƬ
˵Ŀ⼸׺սϣ
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ɡǱ˵ֹҲʮǿ֮ˣʵڲеĻֹֻҸ״ˣ
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İϿһζݵʱ⣬ײδִ֮ɱһ෴ģôһĿɰء
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ֻȴŲæ߾ƣһ۾٣£
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һ
ûκεı
ǿһΪ֮ɫ䣡
Ļǿ̣޴ĽڴĮmϿգֱӽԭ׼սˡ




3963  ͼĴĮ
 

֮ϣ
ϯĮmһһ㣬˳ѣ
֮ܲУһ϶سĳ
ֻصıżΪֲ
׵¶һ˿аЦеĽȴû˿ͣЪ
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㽫ԭ׼ս׵ɣ⽣籩֮Уսϲ֪ѾǱ⽣˶ٵ˺ۣ
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ʵϣ˽һ֮֮󣬲ûʲô̸
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һο׺սʱҲһľΪʱսѾû֮ǰİȻΪˣ
Įm֮¾ͽɣ㻹һЩҪһġ
׿ˣ˭Ҳ֪һеЩʲô
ʱףȴѾ˸ļƻ




3964  ׼
 

ֹսͶˣ
˿̣׺졢սĴĮm鷿֮У
ֻǴʱһɵĿս
սİô˷ĳ׵أ
Ȼ˵
սҲôݲȰɣѲҪˣ
ʵϣ
첢֪սǱ׺ƭ˴ˡ
Ѫ¼սҲȻ˵ġ
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ʱ׾ȻսĻͶϹ˳
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ʼЩţֹսĮ޵Ӱʮ־޴һĻϲĻʱҵŬͻḶ֮˰
Ȼ֪һ㣬һЩֶΣһĺˡ׼͵
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챻ս⻰ҭˣֻҲûκεİ취
ˣλҪ̣
ԭһΣΪѪģû뵽ǣ龹ȻŸΪķչˡ
ԴɽѰ֮󣬴Į޵ĸ־ȻܵصӰ졣
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˵ƵİͼѾ൱ľ޴ˣڿҲֻƾУƾп̸ܶˡ
ת
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ֹʲôֱӷԸͺˡҲ֪ǰһ￴ȥᣬʵǲ𰡡
˵֮ǰһ춯֮ս˵Į޵ڧҲѾ˼ҵˡ
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Ǳ˵˵ɣҴҲѪͬˣ´ޣҲдһֵĹ͵ģڶԸϣŴ޲κεԥ֮ɫ
׿սҲ
дޣҲװϾ˿϶ǻ֣һĮб䶯Ļ´Ĵ޶ҴĮҲǻ񰡣ü
޾ͲõģҲǱ֮ͬһ׵˵
ʲʲôҲͬˣô˵ȷŽǸأһıˣս㵵ʵ
ȻҲ׹һЦ
ֲãֲáս˿̿ףѾǾ쵽˿˿Ŀֲ֮ɫ
׵ЦһԸޣϻһƣǱǹ٣
޵ĸ٣⡭ⲻܰɣ첻ŵĿʵ
ñбҪ߸㿪Ц𣿡Цŵ
ôĵƵĻҵȫڶʱޡҲĴ
׵Ŀ⿴޵ķʼɣսűǰޣʱҵȵĿȫֹ֧λ




3965  ǰ
 

ң
ĮһϦ֮ѾǴȥĻ˶Ҫˡ
˿̵ǽͷöΪǰ߳˰̡
ΪҪǣԭָ߸ϵ̬ûˡ
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ΪһսҰһЩ˵Χ
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׵Ҳǳű˹ȥֻǵĲԵĺܡ

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Į޵̽޿ײ밡˵һбռҴ޵ĸ鱨Ƕŭ˰
˭˵أĮ޵ҪҴ޶ˣ
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һУЩö֪ˣ
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˿̣Ǹͷ֮ѾŭһǻŲһŮҲ¶һ˿Ц֮ɫ
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3966  ֮
 

˴󵨣Һǰ
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񣡣
Ϊ֮˿սȻһڴޣһĮ֮Լȥǲʲô
ĳ˵һ飬򣬽˭Ҳˣ
սĶŭˣ̫
Ȼڹ˳ףĮmĹҲͰˣֻҪˣȻԹ۵ġ
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ţ£
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ТƺȲʤȯһĿϣ磬ȱϣ罫ԼյĹԲ
㡭Ǹޣޣ⡭ôܣϣš
۲ŴԣЩСܶģҲ¸㣬mѾڶµĿ֮£õĽm֮λˡҵĮҲȱһͷˡ
Тϣ磬ĵȰο
ʲôͷϣ籾ܵʵ
ТЦ˼Įȡ޻ܣͷļݣĿ˵˵




3967  Ʋ
 

ڣ
ϣ翴ǰТ֮Ĩһ˿֮ɫ
޺ʱ˵ķˣ
m֮Ф̣Ȼأ֪Ҳ
Ф赽Σһ޴ӵ֪
ֻڴӶmܶ˷һФӦǲġ
Ļ˳֮ʱΪʲôһ״
ҪʱʱֶФ飬˵Ⱑ

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Į޵شޡޡޡĴ޵İΧ֮УǱʮֵ
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Ҫ̲Į޵ĻĮĲܺùġ
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ϣ֪ڵľѾ˿̲ݻĵزˡ
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С˵ܻ֮֡
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Тϣ磬ƺһ۾Ϳϣ絽Щʲô
ϣЦһΣҴĮ֮˲˵̰
ٺ٣㲻ӦĻǿҪҴΪĿˡʱܵþͲö֪ˣϧƯ
Тϣ磬΢΢
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֮ľһ˵еĲֶζѣТ̲˵
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ТһȻ⼸˭
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˿̿ТҲ΢΢һ̾
㡭ǺˣТʵ
ҵǴĮ֮ˣ쵭ȻһЦȻϣƹ񣬿ʶҵȣ
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ϣ翴ǰЩ죬ݶȻǲܼսȸ߸ϵġ
Ϊ˴Įд޷ִƹҲûʸġ
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ֻڵϣոյ޲ʱ䣬ô̫İ˳ɼأ
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ϣ֮Ҳһ
ȫ𣿡ɫʮֵѿǴĮm֮Լ˱ɱˣȻŭѡ
һԵս˵Ȼ˵ĻǾɱ˺ˡ
ЩҲҴ˵Ĵʴʣȿ֪Ǻˣ
ТʱˣҲǲм˵
ФߵĹ𣿡
ʱﻹ˵ϸФӣ
ڼФ裬Ҳʦ֡
󵨿ͽ£
ТһĻ־ŭû뵽Ȼ˸ƺⲻʲô
ǡ
ТҲп˵
ĿµĻҪ˵
ôĻ㲻µĻҲҲ𣿡ТźҲһ
ǿɲƲ簡΢΢ҡͷ
ţ£
ТܲˣϰٺЩ˷첻ɣ
һԵϣҲǽĿˣֻδκεΪ֪˵ʲôˣ
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ֻһ̣ѾȷѪ꣡
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ֻǵһ˫۵ʱ򣬳صʬ֮⣬ʣµֻеǿֲ֮ɫˡ
һԵϣ˿Ҳǿˣ֪Ǻá




3968  ֮Σ
 

ڣ
ϣ翴ǰһĻʮֵˬ֪ĵ̰
ȻڶֺˬɵʱҲǻķǳĲҰɣ
ǰһĻϣĭλǰҲ֪λݣϾ򣬶λɱҲǺһ¿鷳˰
鷳ʲôһѣν˵
Т˿̾岻ѣ˵㡭ˣһˣ
ҿ˻࣬ӹң
ֱһŽТ߷˳ȥʲô֮ɫ
Тɥ֮Ȯһ֮ززϣҲ̲סλǰǻǸϽ߰ɡ
㲻𣿡Цһʵ
ǰȥҴĮˣ˵бʣ빬Сķ
ϣ粻ڶ˵ʲôˣղŵĻǼӦҲˡ
ŽӦ֪ôˡ
һԵ׹һֵȻ߹ˣֱӸߺˡ
ֱӸߣѾ벻ˣΨս
ϣ˵ĿҲԼҲ֪νսǳ
ս
ģ˼أ
Įm죡
쿴ϣ磬ҲǱԼݡ
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ĮȨƵˣһǹսһ¾ǹˡ
˵ϣ羪°Ͷˡ
ЩЩ鷳ովδĮm֮λһҲҪ̵ġ·˵ء
쿴ϣ磬Ҳ
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ǴĮ޵ι𣿡
սû˵ߣô簡λļ֮ˣܲܿһЩ
ǡϣһͷˮĿսʵ
ҾеĹսѾλ쵣δĮmĹڸԭͲҪ˽ˣֵҵ㻰ˣսϣ磬Ҳ
ǣˣ
ϣֻսʵҲ顣
Ͼϣļ֮ˣļҶսհġ
죬Ȼܶ˺ļ֮һپһǾǺҲԵġ
߳ʲô飿׿ϣʵ
ӣǰһӷ˺ŵĴɱ¼ʲôʹö֪ŴmФˡ
ϣ翴ףȻ֪׵ݣɿ˸λһӦõλʮֵɣ
Фˣֲá
׾Ф費ʱͷڹģΪ֪ʱ֮ҪңӦ
һޱǴ޶ȻǱ˵Ĺ֮ʳ
ոıʿТ˵칬Ӧ˱ȽϵأпܲΣաĻʱң칬ʱ˵ġ
ϣҲԵķ顣
ޱʵĸԴӦþФ豻ɱˣƶ˵
ֹӣҵҪΰ죿üʵ
ȻҵФ裬Ȼ鰡׿Цһ
񶫹ȨҵȸղɱǵˣҪmʮֵĲװ
쿴ףҲǵǵʵ
Ȼǵʵǿ߸ƣĥҲҪ˸ĥˡ
λ߼һ°ɣһ˶ѰФˡ
һˣ⡭Σհ
쿴ףҲǵ
һԵϣ翴Ҫ֪δĮ޵ĹսĮ޵Ĺ
ˣһλȨصĴڣ
ôҲû뵽˾Ȼǰ֮˵ıϹϾʵЩ˼
ûޣڴ˼һҲûµġʵڲоץǶ֮ˣжˡν˵Ф裬ֻҪѰһҲӭжˣ
칬صĻǡ컹һǵĿס
׹һЦֻҪûа취ġİɡ
ˣֹСˡһε˵
׵ͷӰҲǴ֮ʧˣһվ˾
˾ָʹݺԶѾǳԼ鷿֮Уü֮нⲻǳ
˱ʣΪФ踺˾ָʹȴֻܹɿţ⻻˭¶Ҫķˡ
ڽô죬Ҳû̫⡣
ֻǵݺԶ֪ôʱ鷿֮ȴͻȻһΪϤӰ




3969  ݺԶ
 

ֹ֡
Ϊ˾ָʹݺԶҲλȨˡ
ֻϧǣĸʵ̫ǳˡ
mʣmѾǱ׵ķݺԶҲ쳣
˾Ǵצ涼
ָʹ
׿ݺԶжűյҲ¶һ˿Цݵ
ˣ⡭Щ¡ݺԶ¶һ˿ε
˾£ߵſȸʵ
ݺԶЦҡͷˣ޲ܣ˷ǰǡ
Фأһεʵ
̣ĿǰδݺԶɫһ
д̣ü
ݺԶŭݵǰ÷ɽ죬˭Ҳû뵽޵ɱѾǲֺˡ
˾ָʹǸʲôԵģʵ
ˣǱְ²빬𷣣ݺԶȻµ
һΪָʹĹˣǵĹδȴңú𣿡
ˣʵǱְЩʲôǸûа취ȥЩʲô
ݺԶףҲίģ
׿ݺԶ̾һΪ𣿡
ô֪ģݺԶףҲЩ㵡
ʵղ˵Ф÷ɽ̣᲻жӰӣ
ûƾʵݣ츺˾ɶȨҪһЩðʵǺܼ򵥵顣ݺԶƵ
Ф߾ûиͬ𣿡һɻ
÷ɽ죬˵ԼĵûбҪЩųÿһεļҲһдӼģֻû뵽һΡ
ݺԶףҲǿɥ
ûӦҲŵġ˾ͺФˣǡüͷһ˪
˵˼ǶȨݺԶ𾪵Ŀʵ
ӦˣӦǱĥƽˣҪ߱ԼҰģ
׵Ĳ²Ⲣδ޸ݣּ鶨ȻǸѲ˸ϵ
֮ǰУТϣĶԻʵѾǱ¶ǶҰġ
ô˵m֮Σ𣿡ݺԶ
Ϊβȥ̽׷ʵ
˻˽Ҵޣ˵⻹ǹ˵ļ°ƿmҵǳȥĻıʲôͬƾǹ˵ĶӣҲǼ̳˰
ݺԶ͸Ϊⶫǽɹ˿ص֡
̫ӵλãΪ⣡
׻ݺԶκ˿¶û뵽ⶫȻıԼĸװɣ
˵ҲеϾҵļ¡ԭУڴ޶ԱʮֵҪòФ裡
׿ݺԶҲǳ
ݺԶͷй˴죬ҵȲܹʮ㰡
֪Фںδ
׿ݺԶҲһεʵ
ڴm֮УֻҪУ̫ܣݺԶʼ
ΪΣ׿ݺԶݺԶ΢΢һ̾mΨеһﶼǺڰءҲҵΪʲôһֱԭ򡣡
󣿿Ѿӡ֤˱뷨ˣⶫλѾΪȶʵˡֻǲ֪ФǻǻŻð죬ˡ
׿ݺԶҲǵǵ˵
ǴλҲľ߱ɣ⡭⡭
ݺԶףоһĲ˼顣
ЦһûʲôǲܵģοĻûФ𣿡
⡭Ɒְ֪ݺԶŵҲǸϽҡͷ
ˣҲؽţһǰm׵˵
ǰǰmݺԶЩ㵵ʵ
Фٱ֪𣿡׳
ɡɶһ㰡ݺԶЩƵ
ǰͶأ˾ôһ̯ӣĶ𣿼ΪпϷˣбʲôĿģȻܾܾġ
ƶĿݺԶӲmĻǼֱǳˡ
Ψһİ취ֻ취ȽȥȻŻѰһᡣ
ӢֻҵȽȥ֮󣬿˫۾ǰݺԶס
ʱһЩǰʱһˣӦò˿óġ
ǣˣ
ݺԶףҪֻˡ
һȺ˳ŴmķϣǶȻǷ˽ȥС




3970  ѲФ
 

m֮У
ݺԶ붫ίߣ׵ӰʧȺ֮С
ʵҪЩνĸֲѡ
οݺԶһδĶһЩµĸ֣ƺָʹų֮⣬
ҲǱǰ˷˾裬׵ʧ˻ᡣ
mĳ
׵ʶѾɢm֮ڣֻδФټ
ʶ֮ڴmĳڶƼ˴
ܿ죡
ױߣһԼʶ֮̽ȻФС
û
ЩϲФˣΧ޵ļƻ¾Ҫˡ
ֻҪФ軹ţһжصأ
λ羳ǿڿȻҪФΨһİ취Ƚˣ
ݣ
׵ӰֱӹФ֮쭶ȥ
Щ˻δӦĹѾǳ˽ȥ
ãд̿ͣ
ܿ죬ǰ˱㷴Ӧ˹ֻǵǷӦʱ׵ӰѾʧãã˺֮У

ʱ׶˭ҲҪҵˡ
Ĵmҳһţ˭Ҳ֪˭˵Ĵ󵨣ȻĽФ裿
ڴmĳɽ֮ϣŨ΢˾š
ϣ칬ˣ
׽֮УŻľоФĲ顣
ľ̾һų˭ҲȻˣо綾ѾǽȫˣҪųȴֲ˽ǣ̫ˡ
ϣô֪аЦŵ
Сһ֪ص㶼УӦûġҲҿһʶ㣬ҪȻһľƨˣ
ϲԣФо綾綾˿Ϊ֮
ټϸжʱûеõʱƣѾǲˡ
һʼͻƵĻһϣ
ڣѰ֮˼ûκεİ취Фشˡ
ֹ֡
ФǿеԼ˫ۣ׵һ˲䣬ۿȻһ˿ʪ֮ɫ
ȽЩҩ°ɡ
ֱ˦Ф費ٵĵҩȻֱû֮Фȫµÿһס
Ȼ֮ȻФ
ķѵʱЩҲҿ֮С
ĻսҪȵĵ
׵ַʮֵ죬һҲΪѾ˾ˡ
ФоԼʹʧҲû뵽ֹȻֻشı°ղѾֹԱˡ
ΪҪ׹һֵ칬ûô׾Ͷ˰
ӰФƵ̾һ
óҲһĽɫ
ҲǱΪʲôѡΪԭֻû뵽һﾹȻֱ߱߱治
Ф迴ףɫʮֵѿ
ԼĶӸ˵Ǳﻹ氡
Цһ˵޺˰ֻӵԻҪĥġ
ֹ˼ñɱФʵ
ҲǸ˲Ǹ֮飬뱾޹ءЦһ
ֹ˷ǰΪ°Ф迴ףҲʵ
Ѿ˸ı仯ʤ׷Цŵ
˵һսӮˣФЦʵ
׵ͷѪУߴţ
ӿƣȻ֮ˣʵǸФʹļ׵˵
̫λֶΣ׵˵
֮ǰ˵Ҫ޵ȴû˴ޡֹ˵ҲǺ°Ф迴׵
£׷ʵ
Фһ㶣漴Į֮һڲǿʳⲻǲ𣿡
֮ǰȷˡڲһˣĮȻΪ֮һ˷ǰޣͼǵƽޣ
׵Ŀ΢ФҲǴһ˿޵Цݵ
ʲʲôФһûзӦĮʲôʱ͹˳ֹˣֱ̫˼˰
칬ӦûĮιˡ׵˵
ιФ豻һһϢЩ־ĸоˣҪһʱһ¡
ʱ
ѾǼӿ˶ФƵḶ̌ԼĪһµĹФѾǳ׵Ȭˡ
˿̵Ҳ͹ȥСѣ
ֻУѾǱΧˮйͨһԳΪģΪǴĮ֮ĸף




3971  ʱ
 

У
ʱѾǱΧˮйͨ
ݺԶŶ֮УӶɫʮֵѿ
ߣһһվˣݺԶ֮⣬һλǺͳ˧ս˫
ս˫Ǵ޵ĺ֮һڴҲλȨ֮ˣ
ֻmһֻӣʵ˽֪ʲôĴڡ
ȨһǶ˾һǹʦĺˡ
˵˾Ȼǿɴ޶֪ǲǺ
ټݺԶով˾ָʹûʲôս˫ͷһʱ޶
սͳ졢ָʹ
бδ˿
ֻս˫ݺԶǶѾǹ£ڣ
˱°ߣڿϢˣϴһ˿Ĳ֮ɫʵ
Ϣս˫ȭ
Ҵm˾˵ȥǴҪд̱Ҳ׾ٵˣ
֮дһĨɫȻصķǳãս˫Ǹоλµŭ
һϲ飬Բôٴη£δҵȿ³ְִ
ս˫һʮϲԹɫ֮ˡ
²ʧְΪһﾹȻ֮ȫԼ
Ȼ
ս˫ԭɫЩɳսͳ˧״δޱǸ״˵Ĵޣҵ˰
Լǣֻǹһ޾ֵƮҡ֮ʣҵΪִֵĺð
ս˫İȰ˵ȥҲǸ˷θ
ˣȽǰɣһССУɾ°˹ˣ
ʱս˫ΪΧ֮ԽԽ࣬޶ȻҲҪԼġ
һеȻѾˣôǾûлͷ·ˡ
£ҺѾսʮλӦλʵǰ羳
ս˫ʱԭδǰ
ֻûа취ˣͻȻɡ
ǰҲΪ£Į޵ĸҴޣˡǲǵͼ
ȥҲǺܺá
ܹҴm°߹Ҳҵȷģʵûа羳ܵġ
ս˫ҲǴˣԭΪԼפ˿϶ǹˡ
ôҲû뵽ȻӲĸˡ
£֮˼Ȼ˵ǿΪǿ
ݺԶھҪʱ䣬׸
ܹһҲһ밡
ָʹ˼̸ֻ֣ʵ
Ͼ¹ޣ»Ҫ˼ݺԶ
һԵս˫мЦһƺָʹ̫СһЩĮ֮նɱǵնɱ˾֮أѲҲǺ̸ɣ
սͳ˧ĳô˵ֻ޵۾߶أһ¶˵µͼսͳ˧һεĿľӪʲô𣿡
ݺԶս˫ʵ˵ġ
ӦѾֲס˰ɣȻ֮Цһ
ǵģҴ޸·ۣļˣ²ʱ⡣ս˫̵ͷ
ڴˣĴĮ֮˿ɷһ
ϣͳ
ʱսҲû̫֮ɫϾ˵ʵҪܵĻѣ
ֻ˲ܣһԵϣѾԼˣĿǵӦ¾λ˵İȫˡ
ҴĮȣҴĮں󡣲֪ҪҴĮһʲô˵
սʱ˳ֻվţһѹ֮С
ΪĮ޵Ĺսɢģǿǻʵ֮
֮߳ˣҲɫһ䣬ֻǴȱ㲻Ƿ˰
ĪǴĮ޵ĸ߲ô
˿һԵս˫ս˫΢΢ҡͷ£δ
ȻûмǱ˵ɡ
ҹڴˣ޺ôĵӣ
ʱϣʵ̲סˣһԵĳ嵽ǰ棬ԽĻ갡
Į޵ĹսôӿȥʮֵĴ㵣ȻԤ̫һ
Ǵmι죡
ಽĴϣֻ֣µһãȻ
ΪĮ޵黹δޣ˲֪ʵĲˡ
򡭡죿սôȻʵ
սս
ս죬оԼЩˡ
ʱǰ׺˹֮ˣҲǳս˫ķ˹ȥ
ֻս˫ҲǿЦҡҡͷȻû뵽
һʱ䣡
ԭޱȵԵøӵĹˡ




3972  ɱ
 

λͻȻҴޣ֪кιɣƺλҴ޲δݽ?
ս˫Ȼ˵ݣɶ˵ǾԲˡ
룿ֱЦ֮󣬱ȥã
ˣʲôط
û뵽˾Ȼ˵ǿӲʵʲôԼ
Ȼˣ
Ϊǣս죬Ǹûн֮
ǲмоһıܴ
֮߱߱ˣ뱾˵˵
͵͵ǱҴޣǴɱҴm֮¶ˣˣߣѾǺܳʱˣֻû뵽ĮһΪ˻Ҵޣϧ˵Ѫ
ȷзΪƸΪı¡
һ仰֮Уܹʧ
ԣ֪ʱȻҪԼΪΪЩǴɱ״˵֡
ı»ǲСġֻǱոյִޣδɱ㸸״أ
쿴Ҳǲмҡҡͷ
ΪƱ缸䣬ܹ𣿡
̾һЩֻһʱȴһ֮ǰžδĮ޵Ĺ֮λΪҵпǰĮ𣿡
㡭Ҵ޵Ϊǲ˵ǽǵڣ
֪˵ݣЩηηˡ
ֻѾӿ˲ٷͷ
ĽǰսնɱˣǴĮǲ
Ϊ͸õĻᰡ
бҪ㽻Ф˵
֪Ҹ״̣㾹ȻҳƣʵĮ֮ɣ
ŭԵʮֵߡ
һжϷ˿ģʯ֮Ѿྪ˵ľ
նɱǰĮ޵λλ֮ˣͬʱһεĻɹλΪm֮
˳
ϣһսĵᣡ
㲢Ǵ֮ûʸ˵˵һ飬֮£ҴĮһ򱾹Ȼʴޡ
쿴ҲǷһ˿Ц
Ҵ޵ĵϣй˸вҴޡ𢣬Ҵ磡Į̫֮дҸ״ȣ豾ں󡣽챾Ϊ˴ҲȻ߳򣡡

Դǣ
׼һ˵ǣ֪Щ˵ǼΪױҵġ
˷Į޹ͻȻ֣γ˶֮ƣ
ȻҪһҪһġ
ںþͺǴ޵ĵϡ
ĵطû͵
Ҳ̸磿ҴĮϧҴĮҴĮޣ֮Ҫǿж֡ǱǣпѾǱȲĸɸɾ˰ɣ
쿴Ҳŭһ
Ҹִһûκε塣ȶնɱҴˣǲʵ죬ҲЦһ
ɱߣȻҪбɱľˡޣκһأɣ첻м˵
ϧǣûɱĽ
ߣ㹴ҴĮ޶죬Цսϣû뵽ޣȻҲܹ
Ȼ֮俪ʼ߿ʼȥ
Ҫ㣬ǵ顣ҴҪ㣬ǵ顣̸һ˵ֻ˵Į˵ö֮˵
ܿϧǣ˵˲㡣Ϊ㹴޵ɱд㸸׵û֪𣿡
˵һͷһӣû뵽ʲô˵
ѲĿľҪȥ
ʵǾЩ֣ȷܹŹЩˡ
˵ղűǲĻôѪˣѾǵﱾһ˵ˣǶҴ޵̤裡
Ŀ֮д޾֮ɫȻһ˵һȥĻôķͳ˰
ΪҪ֮⳶𣿱ģѡתȥ浽˭
쿴׺ФԶҲ¶һ˿ζ




3973  ǿӲ
 

֮ϣ
˿Ѿǹ˲ˣķƽ˾ɽһס
սͻȻ֣ǸоﲻԾ
λ߳ƵȻ뻢ڣȻЩֵġ
Ȼᣬ־ҪĮ޵˵Ǽֱ
ĴޣѾ𽥵ĵġ
ʵҲδЩľֻڵĹФѾˣΣա
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3974  
 

ӣң
ФôҲû뵽ĳֲԼӲȻԼӱ˵ķ񣡣
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3975  ķ
 

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3976  Īֶ
 

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3978  õĴ
 

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˵Ǿ壡
׵㵽ֹ˵Ȼѳɶ֣ǾͲ˵ˡҵȵǿһ˼ĳһͳķˡ
ֹ̹ϣҵҲûʲôñܻˡֹ֪һҪʲôФҲʵ
˵֧ףǱǽ֧ԼĶӣ
ȻԼôĶԼФ貢һ嶯֮ˣТӽܹȫңǺֶΪأ
Ф˵Ҳǽһ׮²
Ȼ̸ǾͽĺˣһĿޣ
˵Ŀ⣬׵Ŀ³˼֡
Ф踸ӿףǵзһ˿֮ɫ
׵Ķʵ̫ˣ




3979  
 

ޣ
ʱФ軹Ƕüѡ
Ҫ֪λǰĳޣս֮ǿɼһߣ
λʱû˽ǵ¡
ɺ޲ϵշܱߵһЩǵʵҲԭһĬĬŵСطĳΪһޣ
ӻƶ񤵽ǿ޵ʷ˵һķչʷʷ
ټ޾ǿɶսĺ֣ôһֱ޻йأǵʵ֮һЩνĴҪǿᡣ
ô칬ʲô
׿ФӣҲǹһЦʵ
һԵֹΪ鲻Ǻ׵
ֹ˵ķ𣿡Ф迴ԼӣҲһ
װڰֵ칬Ȼ޽˵ٹӦ֮Ȩ˰
ֹҴ޶ɽޣҵȾͷѪҲȻҪ޴ҵǰʧ
Ф迴ףڲڿĺǿ벻
ֻҪ飬һжûġ
˵ФƺðصĻôǾһ֮ˡ
ķƺÿһζܹյЧ
ҲΪʲôФڶ˰ݷһɡ
칬ˣҲȷȻۣȻĿˡЦŵ
ǰ칬ҵһǰҲӦֹ֮ײźðһӦûлġҲǵͷ
սֹȻһҲ޷
ǸȻĿһ׵ֹҪ㣣ֻòס
кβףЦʵ
ֹ˾Ȼй䲻䲻˼ޱϾɵӡǳҴսҪ͵Ϯǲܵġ
ףҲǹ
֪͵Ϯ޵ĿԺܵͣûС׵ͷ
һȻ˵Ļҵȴ춯һӦö޵ļ֮ڣʱһޣ޹𣿡
޻𣿡Щʵ
ͷȻ
˵ҪôЦŵ
Ҿδԣ޺һֱһǱЩĦʵĺ롣
⵹ǵģ޺֮ΪȻϵһ𡣿Ҳÿ
ФȻǺзȨġ
׵ͷǿǸãǵʱְ֮
ֹԲһ޶Ȼֵÿ鷢˵ǴЩսʵϱһֱڿֲ𣿡
ףҲʼ
һΪβͬһεʵ
Ȼô޵δɲòһս޵ȷ
ȻأЦеʵ
һֹлֱ˵֡޵ǿƻֹֻԣһոʱĿʼҲܳΪֹһͳĵһ
ȷκοԶУ׵ͷ
֮ȻǷΪôǶǵߡڴͬĮ޵ĻޱȻܴӦġ
ţҲȷģֻһ⡣Ҫ޵ǰеӲͷ
֮дһ˿֮ɫʮֵĺ档
ֹΪִˣ֪ͼ֮ڵĴ޸Ϊ𣿡
һԵФҲǵͷһսѾǱˡֹβô˻׳Լʵأ
ʵ֮һЩ࣬ɲಢǺܴ󡣡Цһ
ֹǲЩ̫ˣֱ˵˵
㾹ȻҸֹ˵Ф
װڰֵ޷˵ûһЩῴԵҲʵѣ
ֹʾ£
ЩȻʵǿҪ˵˵ĴȣĲһˮƽϣ
ЩԶ٣ǵĳɹǸѣѸƣ׳ڵҲвٵѣ
ޡĮ޼ڼڤɶӵ֧֣ʵƿֲǿΪѣĻ¡

Цһޣ޶ѣ뱾Ѿǰˣô׵Ľôľأ
ǰĻЩ㵵ĿףȻû뵽޾ȻҲˡ
һʱ䣬ФڶĿɿڴĿף·֤ʵԣ




3980  еĵ
 

ôܣ
ףҲʵ
һԵФǰ˵Ļȫ޹߰һлĻǿ¾ͱ¶˰
ǣԭȷǴ㱩¶ǵģֻչ̫˳ûб¶Ҵ֮ʵ
׿ФҲЦһ
˳˺ʹˣǵǲ޵ʵֲֹ˵ţȻڵʵȻв࣬ȴ޷ֲˣ
ҲĿף֮г˾֮⻹һ˿ʧкʹܸС
̫ǿˣ
Ĵ޹Ϣ֮ѾӵڽɽǺεȵҫ
ң
緢ڼΪһһˡ
ڿű֮ԼҪףоһĴܸУ
ʲôһһˣ
˼ֹԼʲôŽһһˣ˵һ˶Ϊˡ
ٹΪʵ𣿡ʵ
Уǡ
ף֪ʱӦ˵ʲôˡ
Ǿ˵һЩɥĻЩʱˡ
˻Լĸ˼⣬Ӳ嶯
̫ˣФ迴ԼӣͻȻ֮о׵Ƣĺá
˸Լĸǰ˵ɣôӦǿ̫ˡ
ΪĸףФľԼǲⰡ
ɵȻʲô˵ͺãֻ˵Żȥ뵽ĿԲ𣿡
ֱֹ˵ˡ޵ļ˵ȷ˴޵ұղ˵ЩҲֽʵҧҧ
ֽʵ˼Цһ
ֽʵ˼ϿݳʵȻȽϵֱۡɺܶʱ˫սֻΪһĲοûκʵʵļֵʵ˫֮ʵжġ׵
׵ͷ˼ˣ˵ڶʱڳԵǰɣ
üǽҳɹΣԻǺܴ󡣡
ܻ˵ФɫʮֵΡ
׵ֹСһԸĺܣһʶ
Ǿϱ⣡׵˵
⣿ֹȻĵĹޣ֮Ե֮ԣأ
֪׺«ʲôҩҲǲʵ
ֻЩȻǲԽޣ˵ʵûЦŵ
Īֹʲôֲɣ޶ۣʵ벻ֹʲộѵĴֹˣ޵õǣƵĻɹϣʹˡ
˵Ļʮֵеġ
Ҳǿף˵ǵҲǵǲѡ
˿̵ʵЩ̲ס˵֮ԱҲǾЩʵ벻ֹкε
Ȼеġ׿Щ˽͵ӣ³ĸ֣٣
٣ʵȨɵĴ֮һҲm֮صĵֹֻܵܰ˵ֵǡ
쿴ףҲüʵ
һԵһĪ⹬ٱֹշˣ
ܣ
첻˿ڣѾն˵
սЦһʲôܵģΪˡ
սô˵ǾͲϹ˵ˣΪ֪ӵޱֶͨΣѪ붼õսľ
֮ǿɶһͶʵǲܵ顣΢΢ҡͷĻѾ˵̬ˡ
ФҲ̾һֹģǱľ޻˵ˣ̫ˣ
ǲİ켱Щȹϵϡ
΢΢һЦٻͷǰҲñĿ࿴λΪ֮ʣҵȳɱǲлᰡ
лᣬ˷ӦһеǰǹıǡֹѵͲ⹬ٲƶѣ
ףҲѵ
⹬ٱǱеĵƣˣͲˡǰޣ֮ǰͿ⹬ٵֳĶˣ
׵Ŀ⳯޵ķ˹ȥ֮еһĨڴ֮ɫ
֮ϣ˭֪ǰ֮ѾΪ۷ǿأ
ʱһһţ֮޺׵ĳ˶Ȩ֮ս
һڧˡ




3981  
 

ޣ򣡣
ʱҲһƬƽ˾Фλλ
Ҳ˼Ĺעȡ
ֻںܶ˿ʮֵĲ⣬Ϊս𣬴Ϊƫƫѡʱλأ
ܶҲ֪ı֮£
Ľʵ벻ͨһеΪʲô
ڣ
һݵ˿̵׵m֮еĺܣ
սסһӣǵҲǲżȥ
Ϊս˵ϣĮ޾һ飬ҪκʱֲǶƤӵ顣
ҲΪʲô˿ԲûشĮ޵һԭ
費ҪشޣⶼҪȥشˡ
칬ôżҵȺΪ°
˿ӦǱϢˡ
һԵҲЦŵӦþϢˡǸöֵʱˡ
λȷϢˣƺ
ףʵҲʮֵס
ܹԸΪ׸ϧڧ췴ֹ˸ĺܴ󰡡
֪޵жôİԸġ
칬ⶼϵϢ˰֮ǰƺϢ˰ɣ쿴ٺһЦ
һԵФ֮ǰȷϢڿӦнˡ
칬˵ɣҵǰ㰡ü
˵кõĻĻȻһֱġ
ͷոյܱ޵ļƻʧˣ
ʧˣ
׵Ҳûʲôı飬ǳɹ˲˹ˡ
⹬޵ʵӦ൱Եģ˸ǹȵĻȻҪһεġ
˵⹬ٵıϲʱô̾ͽ˰
ʧˡҹٱ׽ˡ
ףҲЩѿѾȫǵˡ
׳ȻԸûӵˡı棬Ȼ·ġ
߱˵ɼ·Χ޵ȴ޵Ӱġ
ޣ޾Ȼ֪Ҫı棿ѲӲɣФ辪㵵ʵ
ڵǸʲôд𣿡׼ʵ
֮޹󾰳ǾжԹٵĹᣡ
˵Ȼʱôʵ޷ǾӸ׵˿ġ
ı棬Ȼû˵ҪףʱıλȻǸ˹ġ
пܹģӦþˣ
֮սѾǽ˰ȻĽ׶ΣҪȥôǲ˵Ļֻдˡ
ֻ˭Ҳ뵽⹬پȻᱳޣͶף
Ȼˣһжǵ²ѡ
᣿ʲôЩȻʵ
ᣬ˼ӦþҪɱӺԴ£
ףҲôġ
ΪʱҪ᣿ǾǸղԼ˵ġ
ֹɱûˣһεжҪˣФ迴ףҲֱ˵˵
ڲŪǲ̫ˣײʵ
ȻǹᣬΪӦø޶˹񡣡һε˵
޹ǰ
׿ҲǼʵ
Ӧòᣬҹûиߵȳ̶ȰɣףҲǿЦҡҡͷȻ˵Ӧòܡ
޽ԺΪھӡڴĮޣϻ֮˰ɣȻҴ޺֪ҲǺܶࡣ׿˵
ֹ˼ǣһͷˮ
׿˵˼ǣᣬΪʹĴ
ֹĪڸҵȿЦɣ
Ф迴ף֪׵Щʲôģ
׹һЦλνĹһ𣿡
һ˵û˹ٵӦϣһ޵Ļ᱾ʮֵСڲ֮˵ĻѶǡ
쿴ףҲӲ˵
ҵͬĻֹڲǳ嶯ʱ򰡣
֪׺«浽ʲôҩҲǵǵ˵
ѵλͲһξõܹ޹Ӷıֵһû𣿡
״˻һȫžûһ˵ĴӲɵġ
֮ı磿
ôһǻĻ᣿
ǿҪô׷ˣҪôԼ˰




3982  󵨼ƻ
 

˻
mڣλϹͬʱһ
ŵˣҪôǹҪôǹ
⼸˼һΪ֮ˡ
ɾЩˣڿףҲǾĪ
뷨
ϳɳصФ裬Ǿ죬ſ
ЩˣһǶܹΪʲôôص뷨
ٵʧܣ˵ûб˵棬ƺһδ
ʣˣ
ҪmĹǼֱ쿪鰡
Ҳ˵ģmܹ֮һɱҪ⡣
ǽ⣬ʱô죿
Щһ߲Ǹƣ
ǾѾǱһͷβķӣű˲鰡
ֹˮʵ뷨𾪰
һʮָ˵ˣһҲ൱͡
ǰֹ֮ҵ˵ģҵԼҪЩҲǼΪѰ
˿̿ףоҪˡ
Цŵô֪أ
ֹȷҪһԣФ迴ףҲǾֵʵ
ЦŵȻ֮ˣȻ֮˱Ҳʮֵ񣬲ϾԼˡԼѣԹܲô
һ֮˶ѣЩҲ˰ФҲǳƵ˵
ǰ칬ԼǡǺαΪһ֮˰ԼȥأҲεҡҡͷ
ô˵ģ˵ˣλѲɾ;Լͷоˣ׷ʵ
ܲɽڲûգô嶯ԻٸҲ̵
䲻⣬յ벻Ч𣿾⼸޵ĹţǾǻ𣿡׼ʵ
⡭⵹Ҳǡ
ףƺЩ׵ˡ
ЦһܶȷЩѣһͳô׵Ļλ˲һĿԳɹĻǾСĴۻȡʤ
ֹһļƻ
ʱףԥһҲǵ
ոշֹٲȻѾмƻˣФһ㤵Ŀʵ
䲻Ǳóˣɽ磬ȻҲдսɺܶʱҲǱѪС
Ը꣡
Ҳֲִ֪ףѾôˣڷĻϼˡ
ЦһĵһǱɢҥԣ
ҥԣʲôҥԣʵ
˼˵m֮󾰳ǣ󹬱١
׿ˣҲ
⡭ҲܾΪһ仰ϵɣФʵ
Ȼˣһ仰ڿǡЩ˵ˣȥҲȥȥҲȥˣƲλǺְɣ
Цһһ㶼˵
ͷһ㵹ǲѣЩ֮䱾ǻ£ʱֻҪ˵⹬֪ʲôĴܣЩ֮ӦþͻȤˡʱڸɢ֮ϢЩ֮ûһȥġ
ǰʱڣ˭ҲԸԼΪһȺǱȻҪ顣
ФȻ֪е׹ϵӵĽҲͬġ
׵ͷǾôˣֻҪһˣĲҵȵĿɿطΧ֮أ
ֻһ޵ķΧ֮ڣҪΧЩˣ¡Ф赣ǵ˵
ҲǵǰŪþͻᱻ˼мƣΪ˱˿е˰
ĮأƮǼ֮кϰްнӴʱһЩ˽еҲʲôѵ顭
׿ҲЦŵ
ǰĵЩ࣬ôĴ֮УҲͱһЩѣʵһЩǱƽʱϿһЩû̫ı仯
ɢȥ˵Ҵʱ䣬ϣ˺̸̸ʱͶĸԺ󣡡Цһ
ֹƣĻǳ׵ķ˾裬Ҳܹĵǰˡ
˴ĴָܶϸҲһ̿ʼ
֮ķԷﳹ׵ĿʼƮˡ




3983  ٻش
 

ޣ
ʱ׻ص˴ޣ˲֪״˷ǰɽǸʲô״
ı仯ʵ̫죬ô֮ںܶ˶֪ʲô
Ʋܣ
ܶѾǿ浽ôһˣ
ǵرҲǽˣŷұΪ׵һ˵Ȼص򣡣
û׵ľϣҲǲκγľٶ
ˣˣ
˿ͻȻ֮ع飬Ҳ񼤵
ٴ׵ıһγȥӦնġ
ϵ˿׻ع飬ϵĵ֮ɫҲǽȥ
֪һȥΪˮܽѰҲϵģҪĲ֮һѪһõ
ܽĲϻҲȫˣ
ţˣټ˵
׿һ壬Ҳǵ
ܿ죡
mĴ֮Ѿվ˴ʮ⡣
˲֪׵Ҫʲô
μˣ
˿ףǶǹҾй֮
ҲҪģʱĴΪһսҲʿ
ǰ˶׵ĸԵøΪһЩ
ҲվһԣһֱȺףʵҲΪ˿һôߣ
λضˡ
ϺĪ̵˿ףҲǼæʵǸĶҵ𣿡
ҲͬѪĻһܽ׺ܶ˰
ţʵϵеĶ֮УѪӦòǱƷɣ׿Цһ
ѪԭδֹȱһζҩģܽĲҲǿԵġֻ֪ѪһУǿ°빦ɹĸʼ߰
濴ףҲ
΢΢һЦһҲҿȥļʱĻѪ¾ûˡ
ɽ֮УѪսĶӽҵõ
˵Ļײò綺ٰʱ䡣
˵׽ܲ˵һ飡
ɽİϿϹž޵Ĵڣʵ̾ΪֹǾ޵ΧѪҵȴδ˵Ǿ޲˰
˼ѾˣֻҪǾ޴ڣѪӦþͲʧ
ǾޱѾˣʵֲ֮ҵܹ󣡡׳
ôֲ𣿱֮ǰһΣ
濴ףҲüʵ
ûпɱԣĿ΢ȻЦһ˵ǻҲΪ
лޣ
˵һǶǲĿס
ʵǻ޵Ļôѵģ
٣˵ԺǾ֪ˡЦһȻ˷عҲΪҪλ̡
빬ʾ£˹
ͷ֪λ˵һ£
˵޹ı֮Ѿ紫Ҫᣬ˵޵Ĺ֮СֻҴδյκεϢ
忴ףҲһһʮ˵
޹ǰ޵ϢҲ֪ˣ
Ⲣʲôܣ˵̲֮ؽܣ֮һλԸע޵ġ
忴ףһεĹ
٣ָʹ֪Цʵ
Ȼ飬ҵڳ֮˾֪Ҿ֪֮ƺǰ
鱨ϵͳЩ֪ĵҲʮ
Ǽٵģ׵˵
ٵģһľ
΢΢һЦǱڱƲĿֻһǾǾ£¾֮
ˣΪ
忴ףҲһãȻ˵ΪƺûκεĹϵ
ǰ¾֮ۼҴ˵ûκεĹϵҲɻĿס
Ȼ˵κεĹ
ǲ֪ôΪʲô
ף㵽Ҫʲô
ŷұӿףҲһãȻʵȻҲû뵽ںƵ»˾뷨
Цһʦλѵǲһλ𣿡
᣿ʲôᰡ
ŷұӿףдһ˿Īľʵ
СһֱǵӺܴ󣬿ôҲûиȥ롣
ʦͽΪǳҵĻ񣬵ʹģһ򾡣Ѹײڶֱ֮һͳʵڰ
׿ˣҲ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ֻЦݵĶ棬һƬȻ֮ɫ




3984  
 

ˣ뷨ǲЩ̫ˣ
ʵЩ֮˰ʵĺܰ
ǰ֮ڻҪΪ
Ȼ˰̣ǵļҵӻǱۺİ
׵·ҲǸϽ˵ֻϵıԵЩѡ
̫ˣ
Ǿ׵뷨ʵ̫пһЩ
ڵʵҪ磬ڳ˵һ㡣
ǳĵĻлᡣ
ҪһڳԳɸӣѶʵǴ޷󰡣
ʵϣ
һ֧׵ŷұӣʱҲǳĬϵ֮⣬һҪǰȰ裡
ˣλʲô˵
׿˼ȺҲЦһ
ŷұվλϷ׽ɣʲôֱӲˡ
ʦʲôɻʰɡҲǵ
ŷұӵף𣿡
ǵģҼƻѾʵʩˡѲλûյڴ޶Ϣ𣿡
׿ŷұӵˣҲЦеʵ
һԵȷкܶڴ޵ĴţдųҴҪڼ̸֮
ϢҲǱųȥġЦŵ
ˣǴȻǲռƣɸսҲǲԿġʱ̸һҵ»ᱻǣű߰
忴ףҲʶ˵
˵ָʹղŹ˶˵Ҫˣ˵Ǻ̸𣿿º̸ǸӣΪľ˷ɾɣ
ص˿̿壬ҲƵ˵
ε⵹ҲЩġ
׹һЦȷǱĻ֮ƣֻһαѾ¶Ҫˣ
ˣҴȻӵ޺ʹ޵ӵڤ֧֣վ֮޻һЩġ
忴ףҲǹ
ǿֲģοһҵǳ䲻أЦŵ
ڶʱҪֲ¡صҲǵ
ˣҴһǰͶĻǴ˳ǲʵ͸һЩأ
׿壬Ҳǹһֵ
˵ǣֻʱҪӵһǰͶǲܵ飡
΢΢ҡͷȻ췽ҹ̷һ㡣
ĮޣѾҴ޴ͬˡ΢΢һЦ
󡭡Įޣ⡭ôܣ
һ㤵Ŀףѹǲܵ顣
Į޳ڶţҲͬˮһ㡣
ǴĮ֪˴޸֮ĹϵǶȻǰͶġ
ģŷұӿףҲǼʵ
ʦͽƭô΢΢һЦ
ĻǻĿԸ˰ˡŷұҲ˷ܵ˵
һ㵵²ܰɣ
׼Ȼ˵ˣȻǿܵˡŷұ֪һһٴԼģ顣
׵ͷĮι֮ѣڴĮǰιսҲΪ˱ˡ˰ѹأĮ޾ƿ֮У֮ǰ칬Ѿ̸ˡ
졭޵ĶѾΪˣԭǴ֮ˣҲһ㵵ʵ
ָʹϢЩͺ˰Цŵ˵꣬ԵĽ齲һ飬ȻŻڡ۹ľһǱʡǱһͳ֮󣬵ʱǱļߣ
ߣ
һãȻĿףô˵ҲԼôôһأ
׵˵߾ܹ֮õάһͳܹõıûз֮ˡҲ飬һ޹֮°ɡ
ѾóֵĴˣŷұЦʵ
ţʦһξѵĻᡣʧˣҲûʲôġǳɹˣǽǵʱ䡭
֪ңǺܶ˶Ƿ֡
ȻѾˣҴ޹һͳߡҵͦİűǣ
ŷұӵĻǽǹ׶ˡ
ҪǵľͲȥȥޣôȥ
ʱһһĹȥȻۻЩңѾǴԭܲȥôܳɹˣ
֮󣡣
ѾϢɣǱ߻֪ôһ£
ֻ˵ҹҪǰޣҲߵĹʼ׼ˡ
ȻǲһеΪʲôıζǻǿõġ
ҲҪҥԵʲôĿİɣ




3985  
 

ʥǣ
ΪΪӴһ֧Ȼش½Ӱʮֵľ޴
m֮ҲǱ֮˳֮Ϊ̻ʵǸˣͳԺյҮͻ
˵ѾǸ磬ֻδѣ
ȻˣվǴԣû˿˵ĳ֣Ϊܹ֮˻Ǻĺܡ
m֮УʱҮͻĿ֮дһ˿ĿնƺʲôЩˡ
̻ʴˣmѾˣ񹬹ҲѾȺʱˡ
˵֮ˣڴ˵Ļִᷢ˾֮ǰսܵҮ
ȻҮսܣϾҮͻֵܣ˹ϵΪҪá
һμҮżʧܣҲǱҮͻ֮ڸ˹ȥ
ֻҮͻҲû뵽ԼΪ׵ܵܣѾǳΪ׵ˣ
ٵı棬˿Үʵ̫ˡ
Ϊ֪⹬ѾͶֹ
ڹһУ޵ʵѡ
ֻҮǲףѡʱƣѲҪ
ٽһʱ飬ҮľλֹҪʲôˡ
Үô룬ҲûиҳǸȥ룡
Ͼ׻û㹻ʵԿ˵ĳǡ
Ȼڵ׵Ѿǿ
ܣޡͬˣȥ˵ɣƮҡ˵ʲô·ء
ҮͻԶҲǸоһ˿ɽ¥ĸо
m֮ϣ
ʱĹվһλ羳ǿߣm֮Ҳվһǿߣ
վŵģҲѾΪū͵Ĵͳ˧
˷˰̣Үǰǹ٣δܵκε֡
̻ʣþò
ؿҮͻĳ֣ҲЦһ
һԵҲǵȻҵʮûоһ˰ɣ
ʮˣҮͻЩ˸УҲ΢΢һ̾
ʱ󰡣ҵ˵ʮʮжأҲǿЦһ
̻ʣ캰عӦòΪɰɣؿҮͻҲȿʼ˻
ôļǾǹỹһʱɣҵȸȥ󾰳ҲһĹѣ
ҮͻνĿ˿٣ȥôƽȡ
ֻǻѾ򿪣˭Ҳûа취ֹˣ
ʲôҪ쿴ŹأҲǺٺһЦʵ
ĵӿѾǱһˡعΪλǰʲôܿ𣿡
صӿȥҲЩ޿κΣһҲǱ˰һˡ
ô˵ǼٵˣҮͻɫЩ
ȻǼٵģȻ޵ʹǰ빫ᣬλӦҲ֪ôĿģʵΪɱӺѣ
ٿˣҲҡҡͷ
ҥԻҥ԰΢΢ʧ˵Ϊ㹬ʲôҪ˵ҵһء
ʲôܵĻô׵Ĺأ
Ҳεҡҡͷҥ̫ͼˣɾôͼҥԣȴѵľء
䴫ԣ㹬صܼΪˣ˵ҵǲȥĻǱηǰⱳӦΪӰӡ
ҮͻĿ΢䣬ѾǾĲԾ
ܵĻһлǿ˵ͨġ
ڹѾȷĸ֮Ǹûκεܡ
ЩҪ֮еޣΪ
Ϊ̻˼Ҫҵȼһ𣿡üʵ
ǣҵȼһʵȻˮǴߡ˵ҪǹȥĻӦҲɵȱһĽǼһɣ
صд˲м֮ɫǳ
ҲǵǰΪӦԶﴫԲ˿Ϊ֮
ˣһ㹬ؽд֮ˣҮͻ΢Ц
̻ʣӦ֪˼Ǵ֮ףҲˡѾѸˣǡ
ص͸һӵЦ
ĸǴ󾰳ǿ¾ķĹˡЩҧгݵ˵Ͼһ׵С
Ⱦûп׵壿
ڹغЩʱҮͻһ仰˽ڵ




3986  ̻֮
 

壿
쿴Үͻһסˡ
һԵĹҲһ㶣ҲǹһЦ̻ʣôûʵƺһЩ⵨ӺСһЩ
״ˣоûУҮͻƺ⹬صĳʵ
оһδɵëͷСӶѡ
زм˵ȡ˻Ի͵ĳɾͣȻ˶м
̫Ը˰ɣҮͻ˵
̻ʣʲô˼ʵ
ʲô˼ͣȡʲôɾͣ͸˵δɣ
ҮͻĻƺΪղ⹬ضԼĳΪķ
λαۣ֦ͬʲôǺú˵ĺãһҲǴ۵
Үͻ΢ĩ֮䣬ȴڶʱھۼǿһѾΪ֮ˡʱҵȴ߸ãʵ̫ʱˣ
̻ԲûеҲӦСܹ֮Ϊһ֮ˣǿɶﰡ
쿴ŹأҲ̾һ
־ԼѣӦǵõĳЩܵĴвĳɾͣ˵ǿӲǱ棬ѵ̻û˵ҪǺ̸𣿡
ذȻĿҮͻһֱʮֵĹ°ҮͻʵҲû̫С
Ȼʵǿޣ֮ƺͺš
̸֮£ҲжšȻһսӮˣǿ֪ǲһʱĿѣ
ҲЦһƺҪ̸ʮֵ⡣
λһ֮ǲйŹ𣿡Үͻ
Ź֣ʲôŹ֣سʵ
ٵѱ䱾ͺ֣˵ûɵġı淸ϣʱڵɶԣ
ҮͻŹأʵ
üȷЩɣ񱾹Ϊʲôı棿˵ոճ˰̣Ϊͳʱ򣬾ҪѱҲӦѡʱ򡭡
ǵһ֮Үͻ˼һᣬڶ㣬еƺָŸ޵m֮ƺҪҵȾۼһĿʲô˭ڱţ
ߣ˭Ҫǵ˼ǱҪľ򣡡һ
ҲЦŵ̻ʣЩĹˡĪǽ̻ΪҪۼҵһ𣿹
ӣҲȥɣ
ҲǿЦ˼ֱǳ
˵ʵǾÿЦҲʮֵĿЦ˵һĪľأҲΪ֮ٶѡһʵ벻Ϊ
ҮͻҲ̾һҲΪ벻ͨĵط
׺εºܣȻô
Ļ͸ӵˡ
̻ʣƾɵ㣬ܶ϶Ϊ𣿸ܵ飡һҡҡͷ
ֻ㣬һ治ܶ϶ͳڸղŵĹصĻ棬ҪǺ̸
ҮͻŹأĿ֮дһ˿ơ
̻ʣһﶨȻҵˣġ
ˣˣΪһսһ˾ԵʤҵȺ̸ҵȶʱڿҲڶʲôвˡ
Үͻü˼˺ܾá
ΣƾҪǺ̸ǾҪ𣿡Ƶʵ
̸̸߲ⶼû⡣ʱ䡭
ҮͻŹأҲǴһ˿Ȼ
ʱ䣿ʲô˼һԵҲ쳣֪Үͻʲô˼
ʲôʱ䣿һʱ䣬Һ̸ʱ䣬Ϊʲôƫƫѡ˹֮ʱʮֵĶݣƺΪ˱ܿ⹫ᰡҮͻ
ⲻǺ𣿹ڼ䣬˭пմû˵
˵Ĳ޵ֻûһ㣬Ϊ֮ΪľҵȷɾأҮͻʵ
̻ʣףǲȥˣ
صĻһԵҲƲѡ
Źأʲô˼̻ʻһ𣿡
ˣϣ˰ɣأŹֵĺܣΪȻ鷢֪ͨдޣ֮Ҫ㻤ֹ˰£
ҮͻʮֵСĽ˵ǿ
Ƕδ֪飬˳׼֮⹬ƺûеһ£
λǶɣȻҥɣҵҲǽϢųȥǰ󾰳ǣʱֱɱ֮
쿴Үͻ͹أĿһ˿䣡
¾֮۴󾰳ǣһƺѾǰ϶ˡ
ʱףȴһ̤ǰ󾰳ǵ;




3987  Яͬ
 

󾰳ǣ
λ룬޾ڵأҲΪʥ֮أ
ֻ󾰳Ǳƻʮأԭm֮صĵܹܵı棡
˴ı棬ףڣ
󾰳ǲƲµ֮󾰳һ󲿷Ѿǻָԭľ󣡣
Ǵ󾰳ˣ
׵ߣϪһףȥŮ·һ㲻ʳ˼̻
ֻվ׵ߣǺ˪˿ҲѾڻ˴롣
һսϪӳҪá
ԭϪ޸أֻһҪΧɱ缸֮òŰϪ
ϪһֱȺԭ֮壡
ĲΣ֮ȻԿˡ
ټߣûκεѹ
Ҳǵһ̽̽ʵһôˣȻǻ˵ע⣬һεĹṬңȻҪɵʲô
׿ŰϪҲЦһһǧ̸֮Цĸо
ϪЦһ㵹ǵӴĺܣһ˾͸ҵطıϳĻʱ¡
ʼҪģķһδ٣ȻҪһЩطˡ
ǰԴɽ֮ûйľô꣬ҲǵһĽˡ
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Ů˰
ϪҲϣԼһһЩԼϲʲôģϧǣݶϲˣ
ףϪ֪Լ֪Ѿ˶ˡ
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ȵһͳʱʲôܸʲôһУҲϣܹǵȥЦŵ
һֻҪ˾ͺˣϪ
׹һֵӲҴȥһ䣿˵޷ҲǼΪķ֮Ӧöǿõġ
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ϪҲƤĿ˿ףԿó鼫á
УһԵǲʮֵĽ˭ϣأ
ط
Ϫһռܴĵ֮ͣ
طΪ߶˵ĶƷװĵ̣˵Ǵ޵һУ
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ط˵õˡ
ϪףҲЦ
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ϪһЦ㵱ȻЩ˰˵ġ
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ܿ죡
˱ط֮УոսУǴֺĴ׺ͰϪǰһ
طȻռرĴ󣬿֮չʾȴࡣ
ֻÿһƺǾϸһ㣬Ϊ֮
λ񣬻ӭطλɳƺơ
׺ͰϪطΧ֮ʱһλŮѾǳǵĸǰ
òȻȰϪǰףȴҲ¡
֮ˣһһ㣡
ƣֵֵĺܡЦһ
ЦŵһСѣЦˡطλӦ˵İɣ
ֻ˵δЦŵ
֮󣬲κεʧġط޵ĻmΨһָƷ̣mط֮Ϊ衭
˵˵ĵҲʵ
ֻǿ⵼֮Ůݼ̸£㲻һĴҹҪˡ
طܹôɹҲͿԵġ
νӢۣˣλ֮ñҲǰһ֪䰡
׺ͰϪ˵֮ʣӰѾǳ˵ĸǰ
ֻƺδκεľȣΪ֮ǰͿ˶Լˡ




3988  Ȩ
 

λӣλһģ˽Ӵġ
ƴʱվһȺ˵м䣬ֱΪ֮ƺûκεĵӡ
ǵʮ㣬˵Ҳ˾
ǣһССĵȻҸ˵ֱ죡
˿һƣδ֣ȴܹһ㡣
׿˵˵λ̨ƺʶɣ
ʶڲʶλСʲô˰˿ףǿ׳ʵ·һжС
û˵ʲôθɣ
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׿ˣҲǲᣬ̫ˣʵôˡ
õģӣ룡Ƶͷ
ǣڱһᣬ㻹ܹõʯôӣ½ʯòˡ
˿ףһ˿
δڣƵ˵Ȼ޾ɻδ˸ط֡
طð͸޹ھ⵽ˣ
˵꣬ȴѾǶһöƣ
ԭĸ˻Ҳŵûʧɫԭǹʹݵ
˿ֺһλӵһ㣡
ֻǴ˵ݼΪ⣬Ǵ޹Է͵ĹھԢ¹
ҲǴ޵һȨة˼Ķӣ
ټǴʹݣݶѹܶˡ
ټطǴ޵УλȨ֮ˣΪУ
ҲΪʲôǸƵŮ̬֮żתһԭ
Ѱ֮ˣǻĲҵط£
ǰһɲʲôѰ֮ˣǴ޹ϵȽȽһǣҲǴδһȨͷѡ
ˣ˭¶ɵֵġ
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磬֮ûлԼѾǰ顣⿴Ű磬Ҳ΢΢һЦ
ЦһոƺҪ˼ŮЩʲôأô飬㻹Ŀ࿴ء
磬Ӻɷ檲ҲѰһЩ˵ʱΪѣûʲô˵ģ
⿴Ű磬˵
˼ģҲ޷ʲôȡ죡
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Цһ磬֮䲻ѣѲɱҪ˨һЦȻ˵ˣǱ컹ҪһЩ顭
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⿴Ű磬Ůӡ
ģͿԿó˳˰ϧԼ˿ȥȥѡ
ǸҲûκεĹϵй˶ᣡá
Ȼжģ챾ǰɲǸġΪԸطǲΪŮӶѣһͨŮӡ
⿴һ۰Ϫгռ
طֲ
ʵΪϣλհ⿴ŰϪЦһʵ
йϵ𣿡Ϫ⣬зһ˿ĺâ
ƺҲ֮˰ɣĪҴ񣿡
˼ǻҪϪĻӦ
ղűѾ˵˺ˣѰϹľɫ֮أǹԸ⣬Ըط֮Σ⵭һЦ
Ҽҷ𣬲ҪˣϪû˵һЦеף֪ʱ׸ûн˵¡
ǣҲҸᲢۣ£ߣ
˵Щ˲ǰƲԹѡ
λӣĪ¡طĳɱ㰲ȫ翴׵˵
ǣһŮ˻ţ
ϪȻ֮Ӧй֮ǾɣʡЩ۶쿴ˣ
׵ȻһЦֻ仰һ㽫ȼˣ




3989  ط֮
 

˭
׵Ļûҷйأһӱˡ
׵˵˭ΪԼǹǱǹˡ
ͣ
һ̲סЦ˳һǰСӲһ֮ˣ
ֻǰ֮޴δ⴩ŴҲ֮ˣǴޡ޻˵Ǵ֮ˡ
Сӣǲȥˡ⿴ףҲ
ƹ񣬸ղ˵ʲô֮ɷóһ۰
׿Ű磬ҲЦһʵ
˵Ѿǽ統Լˣ˭ڰԼأ
ߣҲѯ֮ǰǰ𣿡⿴ףӸµ˵
΢΢ҡͷЩˣܰԼ̫¡ⲻ֪ڱҲǸɵӶѣ
˵˭ɵӣ
һ̤طҲ΢΢ȥݼΪ
˷ŭصĹھֵʵ˺հ
׵ĻֳЦ߷ַ̣
⣬ޣǴޣݵ߷˲ռִ󾰳ǣʱ㲻ҲһĻøҷʵһЩ㶪˶˴֮⣬ھܳ𣿡
ʱ⣬Ǻã
ղ裬ġ
ҲΪˣܽڵˡ
οյ˼Ϣǰ׼Ժ󵽵׻᲻޻δ֪ء
ʱİ磬ȻӲܽˡ
磬ôĵӣ׼ڴ޿Ѿ֪ߵغˡֲҸ״˵ǰ׼Ҳգ
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ǻܣ֮¾ȻڳԣⲻǱ¶Ǽ˼ô
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һܣðھʧȥ˲ٵĻȨ
ʱҪƲð׼ҲѾǵõĻˡ
ֻŴعսǴعΪ֮ˣôѶȡ
ȻˣѶȹѶȣǾó׼ҵǳһ֡
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翴⣬Ҳһֳ˺ĸо
ʵϣ
ôȫҪԼ޸·ˡ
׿һ۰磬ЦһҧһڣҲǷҪҧȥġƹǻ̸һ̸֮ɡ
Լǣ֮Ȼ󣬿ǹϲĳԳɱ۸
׵ĺøЩ죬ǰЩ
һԵİϪЦŵ쵹ܼأллλ㣡
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ɳطһлǲ˵ˡ
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磬⻰˵ģʲôʱˣֻ򿴵һλС㣬ҪϱһƬѡ˭أ
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ɫѿߣô֮ӡھȻһѰ֮㣬ѵͲö𣿡
ˣһԼŮ˶˵ˣͲˣĻػ
Ϫһ⣬ҲǲмôˣҸоãҷǱҪǿˡ
ӴӴӴǿˣô֪ûǿأ
Ϲһ˿Ц˭óʲô˼
ƹ񣬽֮óɡ׵кâһֻʱ¡
Ϊ뽫Լݹı¶
ҲΪˣʱӹһ٣ĻѾǺͷˣ
ʱ
ѾóһɢűϢף䲢⴩֮ɹǿŲʱ֪ⶫΪĲˡ
翴ף˼Ϊףɵǿ߳ǿһ̫˺ǼΪķˡʮֵľѡĸǧڤɣʮֵ󡭡
ˣ
ײɷ˵Ѿ׼ӹеףֻʱȴס




3990  ֮
 

⣬㵽Ҫʲô
翴סףҲŭӵ
ЦһطĹأͬʱһ۸ߵá粻᲻ǵðɣ
ǵôҲ㣡
翴⣬ı
δһˣ˵Ķġ
ֻνЦЦڳ֮˽Ǽ֤ߣطأǱҲٸ㽲ˡ
㡭
ɫ䣬ȴûκεİ취
طĹزƣһԼȻ֪ģǽΣطʼԼĲҵ
οڲֻ⼸ˣĿˡ
ǴʱȥطӰʵ̫ˡ
׿һ۰磬Цһ۸ߵã
ӣ㡭㲻Ķ֡
֪ҵĲʮֵۺǽô꣬еʲѾ˷ָˡ
Ȼǰ׼ҺųƴصһƷҲԲ
ǰٰĬĬ֮οڻǸǴ޵Ĺھơ
磬˵һʵСǲƴһ£ʵñ򿴲𰡣
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˵ûʵǧƷʯǳɱˡ
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ĳһڰɣ׵˵
ߣ簡磬㻹Ǹʶһһ᣿㾹Ȼȶ˵ľͳ۳ȥһЦһ׵˵ڣ
ֱӷ
Ҫ֪ԼʵǶôۺ
ȻҲЩ㵣һﾹȻܹóһڵƷʯûпó
ԽԽܹԼأ
ڣɵݡ
Ц˼ǣС㣬ϣܶһᣡ
⿴ֻҪڣǿԻرġ
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ʵϣ
ڵİǳϣ׾ʹ֣ĻطҲе׬Ҳøʲô
ڣıۣüͷһµ˵
˼˸ڣ
⿴ףĿ֮дһ˿ơ
ԣһλߵү۸Щˣ
޷νİڰ֣ȻôˣΪأ
ʮڣ
֮⳰ʱ׵ıֱڳ֮˲Ϣ
ʮڣ
һĪǷ
ȻǺöѰ֮ʱطҲ˵ġ
ΪҪǣطĶЩۣһֱҲδĳȥ
һڵļ۸Ǿʮչˣתֱ׬ٵʯ
˽û뵽̶̼غ֮һڵı˲ʮ屶
ʲô
ʮڣٿļˣ
ʮʮڣɫһ䣬û뵽׾ȻĸôĸԼȥ
ʮµĻǳԩͷˣ
ǣԭĳΪ㻹ЩڿʲôҲǰ׿һ⣬һ¶˳Ŀ⡣
ŭգ
ԭͲʲôܱ˼֮ˣ׵Ļ߳ŭ
ȻôĶ֪ŭһ
ȻȻ˵ɣ޵Ĺھɻұۣ
ɵݣһȣѾˡ
үйŹ֣ߵλЩˣ̵
Ź֣Ź֣ǵʱòǮǿɾͲҪֱеĽˡϷŪߣɱ⣡
⿴ףҲ
֮˶˵ķϻƪ㱨۾ͼۣǲұֱۣ߲Ѳ˵ϻҲ𣿡
׿⣬Ϲֱĵ顣
ֹǣƤˣʮֵɶľͲˡǶǴص氡һҲɿ˵
ǿˣλֹƺΪ֮Ʋѡ
ƨС飿ʮڣ
˻ط˲üž
ʮڣ
صʲôھĪǸɵӰɣ




3991  ȥ
 

ʮƷʯ
һƷֻһļƷȷЩ
ļ۸ĻⶫҲֵڶѣ
Ȼˣ
֮ǰ׵ļ۸ⶫʵһڶǿԵġ
ڽΪһνĳͻѾǳ˵ˡ
еνǿ˺ѷεӣгĺܡ
ôλֹǵԼԼһڶ
ʮڣ
׿⣬¶һ˿Դŵ֮ɫʵ
˵С飬㻹Ҳҳˣ
صĹھϲԩͷ΢΢ҡͷ
㡭˵ʲôһ
ЦĿ֮дһ˿ĳ˵ԩͷѲ䶼ʹ𣿶ʮôһεļƷ㻹ǹԵİ˵һͻΪЦ
˶ˣң
Ѿղ緢ԼѹסһͷоͼΪ죡
ڱôһ˵νѹסһͷڿȥһɵӡ
ϷˣˣǵϷˣ
׵ĻҲǿһЦû뵽ֹӻطһʴءΪ˸лֹӣطʱֹڵƷʯΪɡ

֮о֮ɫƷʯöʱܹڸа
˼أˣˣƤӵĹɵˣ
񣡣
һ̣˸оƹˣھˣֹӿҲἤķ˰ɣ
磬㡭
û뵽羹Ȼѩϼ˪ĵһεԼ
үǻ߰ɡ
վߵλߣȻɫΪѿƺס
ߣʲôߣҪѪϴط
ŭһСܹί
⣬ûӰɣЦһ
ûûеӣǾȻҲҿ𱾺򣿱Ǵ޵һţƾҲ˵ӣھǹ˴͸ĵӣ
⿴Ű磬ѾǴڱߵıԵˣƺֻһ˿
翴ģһԵߵܼңٲµĻǿɾͲҪҰ緭ˡͬΪķϣû̫֡
ǣƹԼǣȰοүƹ£
ܼҿŰ磬ƺҲǼɵʲô
ܼңʲô㵽һߵģ
ᣬȻܼҼʶĶ࣬Ҳŭɶʵ
翴ӵߣȰѶʮƷʯˣǲĻҲ߲ţ
绰δ䣬λѾǳطĸǰ
ƹҵ̸Ǯ뿪ܼҿ˳̵
ܼңͲôŰ챾Ҫ˵棬ڱĿ¡
⻰û˵꣬һȺѾֱӶˣ
ܼǰĻѾûκصˡ
үסڣ
ܼҿ⣬ҲĺӶˣȻû뵽Լҵĺүô˲ź򰡣
ʲô˼⿴ܼңʵ
ܼҳƵ̾һ࿴źүѲɻԿͷʮڸ˱ǸˣԺ˵ɣ
ŶͻǿӲܼҿҲ˵
翴ģЦһ⣬Ϊȱ΢߳һЩĶǰ
㡭
ⲻԣ֪絽˵ʲô
΢΢ҡͷܼңطҲǰ
ԡ
һȻ˵ȻԼǹھѰĻϡ
һԵܼҸϽү֪طҴ֮أ깬֮ʱط׿˵˭ط⣬ǱַҴ죡
⡭Ȿô֪һҲһ
仰ǹ˵ĻôղŶ֣ǲǴ˵
νĴ޵һţ֮ӣɸ˵ȣʲôأ
ޣվذ
ʮƷʯȻط翴⣬Ҳһ
㡭ţΪβ㣬˾βˣ
ܼҵ˸˶ʮƷʯ֮Ҳǻľ뿪
ֻ֮ʱµĺݻǾͲ֪ˡ
ʱףȴЦŵƹ񣬿ɷ¥˵Լˡ
仰ֱðסˡ




3992  𾪵İ
 

طڣ
׵ĻðһĸоȫǿȷԼͲʶǰֵĹӡ
һλԼҪϼֵı˪ˣûκεӡ
ǼȴǵãҲǺġ
Ȼһɶصʣɳȴʮֵĳڡ
ȴȷţԼļϪ˵ĻȻܲǵõġ
Ĺ뷿֮УǺܻ׺ͰϪˡ
ֹӣҿʶ
ʱףҲһɵʵ
ոʶ׵˵
ǡǹӸղ˵ҵԼˣ⡭⵽ʲôԵɰһĿʵ
ĳͳ˧֮ѡЦһ
ʶҸ״ˣ˿ûзſκεĽ䱸֮ɫ
ȻʶĳҲ˵Լ˵ˡЦŵ
¼ȻҸʶӦҴȨ֮˰ɣɸ˽⣬Ҵƺûɣ
Ժ֮Ѱļ䣬ûκεѶϢ
ǣΪĳǴ֮ˡݸһЦ
һԵİϪ¶һ˿ǳЦƹҼҷδƭ㣬˵
λ˵Ҳ˵ܲƾվλɣ˵λҲ˵˵ǰ˴Ŀģ
翴׺ͰϪҲʵ
ĳͳ˧ʶǡ׿Ű磬˵
ǣɫһ䣬Լ״̵ĵطЩֵʵȵ׺ˣ
ͳ˧Ͷĳʾʮֵľ塣ͳ˧ӦҲĸ͸¶°ɣ׿Ű絭ʵ
㡭˵˵㵽˭
ʵϣ
ʱİѾýˣ֮ǰȷ˸״һЩ޵ۣ
ǰ״ͻȻټ߲飬ƺ˴һźš
ûоֻǰƺоһΰ׼ҵЩ仯ˡ
ʲô飬ĸװֻ˵ʱδü֮˶ҪԵķӣΥ־
ڰ׵Ļһ亹ĸо
ĺҪ֪վԼǰ˵˭
ף׵ȻһЦ
ףƺϤ˵ţ׼ʵʱһ˲ɫѾǴǴm֮
׹Ҳ֪Ű׵Цһ
ֹԴһƬհף׵Ļôղ˵Ļʲô˼
ĪԼĸѾѱأΪ˴֮ˣ
Ҫ֪Լĸ֮ǰ˲κεĽΪһӾͱ˴֮ˣ˵Ĺ
׹ﻹЩˣЦһʵ
һԵİϪЦŵ׽㣬ҼҷǴ޹ף׸ҷҲѾǽ˺ˡҼҷ˵ͳ˧ıܻĺܺõİ
״ֻ˵һЩû˵ľ塣ֻǸ״ΪλѡҰ׼ڴȻٹ̣⡭
ʵЩ⣬벻Ϊʲôӵģ
ٴԼ׵ѡעʵ̫ˣ޲޵УʵǱ֮˻Ҫϼء
׵Ȼľܣͳѡ˱ȻǾñˣһͳˡ
һһͳ磿ŵĶ֪Ӧ˵ʲôˣʵѾⷶΧ
׵Ҳν˵ӽ֮£ͳȻ֪޻ݲˡο˱ǰ׼ĻԻ֮ղ𣿡
ֹǣֹ֪ҪЩʲôδȷ£ʵлҵĺܡ
翴ףҲʵ˵
Ȼ֪׵ĻϲϷˣԼġ
ټ֮ǰһЩǸӵĿ˵һЩˡ
׹һЦҪʲôֻһЩĶѣΪղ֮ǣΪһޣΪͳ鷳ˣԺĴ޻ǰ׼ҵˡ
⡭ôܣĿס
Щſڴƻˣأˣʲôأ
׹Ӧ˵֮֮°ɣ׵ʵ
˵˴ֹ֮ȷ֮⣬֮Ȼȷǰ󾰳ǣͬ˴ιᣡ繪
֮뱾ǰ˷ۣ֮ʼ֮ʯ쾪
羪ֵĿ׵ֹѲ󾰳ǡ
һ֮һ
׵Ŀ⿴˴󾰳mڵأг˰




3993  ֮
 

󾰳ǣطڣ
ʱİ͸һӾ㤵ģôҲû뵽ǰλֹȻ˵׳־
ȻҪ󾰳˼飡
Ĳ֪һĵǴʲôطģ
ݵʵܲ
˵һսµĻҲûΪֵܹס˵㣡
ɾǴݣΣ
ôĴޣǿһʤҲǹӲдѡ
ѲǻҪ촴漣ɣ
һ㣬֮п³ǴԼҲû˸˰ɣ
ֻǴ˿̣
һ֮һ
װ֮ðоԼѪһţȴʮֵǵĿ׵ֹҪ޵ĵ϶˵˶𣿡
Щ飬鷳ģɣ
ҲǲͣڴŮرΡ
ƾż仰ӣҲɵӲ
ҪһΪڻطǡǡõڻ
Ȼˣ
ǳʲôطǴ޵ģô˵Ҳܽ˵ġ
ײ뱩¶ԼݣΪ֪һԼݱ¶ʱ¶ԹٵĹͻΧԼˡ
ֹ֪ҪʲôͷҲ֪̫࣬Ϊ֪̫Լ¶ûˡ
ȥȻǱ¶ˣʱﱾп±ˣЦһ
ݺݵĵͷֹҸ״ȻˣҰ׼ȻֹհˡκεԸ
֪⹫ںδЦʵ
ԭǶm֮УΪԱʮֵĸӣmؽ⹫ĵص㶨˸ɽ
˽Ҫ಻٣ΪطѾкܳһʱˡ
Ȼ˵طǸģȴҲϢԴǳһط
˵ģЩԹǾʲôģѼ鱨ٶҲǱһĻҪܶˡ
ɽǸʲôط
üʵȻ⸻ɽδ˵ԭΪ⹬ؿ϶ǽᶨڳС
ôҲû뵽һﾹȻ˵ص㰡
󾰳ϣһʥɽΪɽνʥɽģʵϾһСɽѣιؽصߣӦԼġ
翴ףҲ֪ԼôǶǴ
Ϊûа취ȥ֤׵ĻǼ٣
Ǽٵģ¾ǱѰ׼ңǱѴˣǳеġ
ɰûа취ΪƱǿ
ȻˣṩһԭǾǷθڵġ
ĻĺԼĸ׺ôҲ˵ľľĲ
ԼĸͶֹôǶԵġ
ԼĸûеĻôʱҲ˵Լ֪ˣ·Ѿˡ
׹ﳣ󾰳֮УʮֵϤˡ֪׹˵˼ǡ
׿Ű磬ǰĸԼṩ鱨ĻôҪʡȥٵ˲
ʿɽ֮ٿᣬĿĶϲΪ˹ֻǹĻ󾰳֮мɣҲʡȥڳͶ֮಻𣿡翴˵Լ뷨
׵ͷֻ⸻ɽ֮ʲôر֮𣿡
Ȼر֮⸻ɽ޳ʥ֮أ˵طԲǧ֮һȻĻӰ󣡡
翴ףҲü
󣿣Ȼģʵ
Цһֹ֪⸻ɽĻҲİ˴֮֮һƺѾǱƿأڹصĿ֮У
һССĻѣ޷׵˵
޴󰡣ݴǵϹžβһǿ߻ƣ֮ǿ˾̾
翴ףҲ̵
Ϲžβһ壿˼ˣЦһ
翴׼ֹ˷˵ʦڣҾĿ϶ǹ٣˵ٱ׽֮Ѿûʲô̫ķ֮ˣ
⹬Ѻδˣ׿Űʵ
mҳԱؿνףǼҾ󲿷ֵ˶ûµġ˷ı棬ŭѣİСŮ¥֮С
翴ףҲǳ
Ǳ֮ˣŮȻҪȵġ׵ʵ
ֻ⼸仰һԵİЩĿɿڴ




3994  ˮ
 

Ҳˣô˵ǲдļ˶շˣ
翴ףԼĸױշ뵽٣һƺˡ
˵Ļ⹬ٵıʵ̫ˣ
׹ﻹǺܴģĻ㸸ڵļ˶޷ġ
׿Ű磬ҲЦһ
ɾ˵ʱѾ˴޵ľڣ˵Ӧð
ЩĿףһЩ졣
ЩԺͻˣһЩҲ޷ѾҴ֦ͬĻһôγΧ֮أ
׿Ű磬ҲǹһЦ
ɫɷף֮ԭصô
ޱϽ֮УʵȴǰΪ£
֮ĵƾԲǱϵô򵥡
ֲ˼˵׳־ҪЩʲôӦǶԴһЩյġ
粻Ҷʣ֪ײôҲôһġ
ԭˣٵһжһıˣЦʵ
ƻϲϱ仯죬ԭҪùλӶȡ޵ĿȨҲΪͬˡֻϧǣִ̫٣ټոճ˰̣һûаԤ
ЦһŰҲʼ
üֹ˵ĻӦµƻɣ֮˷ǰǶȻǺƣǼƻʧһѵĻӭӴ޵Ŀ¾Ƿķˣ
Щֵһðʧǻлתأɹˣǿʡȥʱ䡣
ֱԲ˵Ѿľˡ
Դʶ֮ڻȤԽԽŨˣ
ȻֹѾҰ׼ҶȻȫͼ֮δ
繪ȻвͬΪ׼
˽ףЩǰλȥԼһ޶ˡ
Ϊˣڸı糤ĸ֣
ţټȻ˱ǱȻҪݡŮںδ
׿Ű磬Ҳʵ
ˮݣ
翴ףҲ̻ش
ˮݣʲô֣ȥǸȲ֮أ׿ŰƵʵ
Цһ֮ŮԵλԺռҵʮֵķˮŮԸ輧Ϊһͳƣһ֮Ϊ磡
ģ
ϪŴ˻Ҳһڵ
ͷԼǣ֮ҵȸоҲˣɱϾǵطףҵ֮Ҳֻˣ
ˮںεذ׼ʵ
ˮmУһ¥ҲʮֵϳˣֻǽȥһεʮֵˡҪ˵ĻǸǿֲ
翴ףҲǵ
ǣһ˵Ȼǿģ񹬱Ůط¾Ͳˣ΢΢ҡͷ
ֹףӲûκİ취翴׵
а취طźã׿ŰЦŵ
ֹκεķԸֱ˵Ұ׼ҼѾΪ£ȻǸǣ
翴ף֮дһ˿ļᶨ֮ɫ
˵֮ǰ׻ЩɵĻôǵ㻳ɰŹٵ鳹׵ɢˡ
ֻڼδǵǣΪ׵ļƻʵ̫ˡ
طǴ֮һһˮӦ֪İɣټһιٿڼmݰ٣ʱʮֵСط嵣ʱ¹ŮĹȨûκġ
׿Ű磬Ҳ˵Լļƻ
ȻΪٵŮǰ¶ȫԲðա
ɼȻԼˣŮǲȣеҲЩˡ
˾ˣ֮ˣҲԲ
ֹ˼ǡһһǰˮݣ
ɫͨ죬һŮ˼ҼҵȥֵطҪҪˣ
׹һЦ׹ﵹҲýţֻҪȡط֮Ƹ鱾аɣϪڴ˴ɣ
ûû⣡Ϫ׵ĻҲһ
ܿ죡
Ϫȡ˿ԴطݵƵݸס
֮⣬Ҳˮݵķ򼲳۶ȥ
ֻǾ׵Ӱط̤һ̣Ѿ˶ס




3995  粻
 

ˮݣ
νˮڵʮֵĳ֮˺ɫ֪
mΪ룬Ҳǿ˹ģĴˮݣԴӾ޶롣
һЩطˮֻǾ֮Ӫè֪ˡ
ԭжŮ٣дҲ֮¡
֮ʵҲ洦ġ
ʱطһ״еķΣܶһű֪Ǵ֮ˡ
Ҳ׺ʲôֻðط֮ˣȻҲԴ֮ʾ֮𲻱Ҫ鷳
ӭ¹ˮݣ֪¿Ϥ֮ˣ
ſڣһλŮɫΣȥСźס
ˮһλɫˣһm֮ˣ
׿λŮӣҲǵʵ
ǺǣҲ˵ˣѳ֮ŮֻҪһ׷ҪԵһЩʱ򡣡
ŮӿףҲЦһ
ԵһЩʱʲô˼үеʯ׵˵˵꣬˦ʮƷʯѾ˿С
Ůӿף̹лʹͣлʹ͡СԴ÷һΪĿ˷á֪Ŀհ
˵꣬ɫľͽʮƷʯУֻ϶׵ıǹмˡ
һ־ʹʮƷʯ⼸Ǻܺġ
ǴЩǣ⵹Ҳϡƽ顣
СԴ÷֪Լһ·֮˶ѣӲʲô̫á
СԴ÷ӴеڣǵһμԼô֮ˣһԼǰλӵӡͺ̫̫ˡ
֣׿СԴ÷ӣҲǵ˵
ʵϣ
ʮƷʯ˵ǲʲô֪ԽԼ£õϢ;Խס
ǰ֮˶Լڣֱʵڵġ
СԴ÷֮־ȷҪҹӵ𣿡
ٵŮйĳ֪ʲôֻ˵Ľ
׿СԴ÷ӣҲ΢΢ҡͷ
СԴ÷ӵ򣺡־ıȽϴˣ⹬һλŮˣӦҲ֪ô⡣Ȼ񱻱ˮݣϾǹ˵ֶŮ
ʲô˼أ׵ʵ
⡭˼־ѵ𣿾ѴǮҲòӵģĻѰһЩŮǿֿɵõŶ
СԴ÷ӿףҲ¶˼㶮õЦݡ
ĳԶĽΪŮӣΪҪǴ󾰳ҵĿȷǹӣ
׿СԴ÷ӣĵ˵
⡭־Ȼ˵ִţҲֻܵȵˡСԴ÷ε˵
ʲôʵ
˵־ҲǴɣӱѺˮô죬һֱ˸֮ӽˮݻᵹǻὫƳҲ˼
СԴ÷ӿףҲǵ
˵ͿԼˣ׻Ǿˡ
˵ˣֻղҪεͷ֮˿ɲӦҲ֪ڼҪйᣬǿɶǸ޵ĺӵܰ
СԴ÷ףطѾеʯܹߵͨĵطˡ
ʵСԴ÷ӻͨķʽףûǷΪá
ֻƺСԴ÷ӵ˼ЦһʵһοǺҪġ
СδӦ֪жôҪˡҪǣһ˻Ҳ˵ء
СԴ÷ӿףҲʲô˵ʲôġ
ʮƷʯȷ׵Ĵ飬ʲô˵Ͳ˵ģ˵ˡ
֮ǰţˮƺԼİ֮Ů涨ɣ
׿СԴ÷ӣֻĻöСԴ÷Щ֡
ĭ׵־û°ɣ
ôˣĳʣ涨ǲͺ˵ЦŵĳùĶϲ˷
⡭⡭ȷ涨ģֻոҲ˵ˣ⹬ӵ̫⣬ӦúúõĿжᡣһ仰˵ɱ֮
СԴ÷ӿײҪõ⹬ӣҪߣҲǳ׵Ȧˡ
Ѳ֪⹬˵Ҳm֮ˣǹС
˵ףջm֮ˣʲôѰܹ֮ߵģ
ţȻ涨ˣİɣĳȻҲΪ㡣׿СԴ÷ӶͷϸƵƵҲǰڰֵ
־ĻҪȻҴȥţӦûҵʱ䣬Ҫʱˡ
СԴ÷ҲҸ˵̫ĻһЩ
ܹˮ֮ˣǶǷǸ֮ˣɲǿǵġ
ҴһʼСԴ÷ӶҪΪ׷ãֻ˵˵̫࣬ҲǺҪ鷳
ʱĴ֮ѾַǷܶϴ˷ܵĹâ
λѾ֪˽۵Ŀģ˹࣬ˮݵ£Ϊֽ칬ӳľġ
ߴߴ֮ʣһܶѾǳǰټ̨˹ȥ




3996  ֮
 

ˮݴڣ
׺ˮСԴ÷һţȥʮֵĲۡ
СԴ÷ӿǰӺ̨߳Ǹˣ־λˮݵ£࣡
Ѿҽܹˡ׵˵
־ǧҪmϵֶκ
СԴ÷ӾѹԼ˵ʹĻñ
ֻɲҪЦһ
СԴ÷ŵҲһµҡֻһ־
лѣ
Ҳ֪СԴ÷ҪֺԼĵҲǲġ
£ҵѾȲˣ
վǰĳλȨ֮ŹһЦ
ಢδֳκεĲû߸֮飬˵ȻλѾõȣǻ˵ֱӿʼɡ
£۸񡭡
˿Ź࣬һεʵ
ޱ۸⣬۸ߵã
ֻǼһѣһƷʯԣ
˿Ź࣬Ѿȱˣֻӭһ˵֮Աǡ
˵
һ棬һƷʯĿȷ൱ֲˣ
ֻһѵΪ˼һ氡ı޳һᡣ
ᣬ̫ѵˣ
ܿ죡
һƲ֮빬ӳʸѾǱǧƷʯ
Ȼ۸ڲϵϸҲ֪۸ƺҪˡ
񣬲˵һĶѣһλ̫࣬ʱΪһЦ
мֻ֮ˣ
СԴ÷ӿ󳬼ĺˣһλԭԭɽ峤һλɣ
Ƕǲһ׵˵
ǰ޵ĵϣ˽֪С˵ζʲôҲĲУǱǵˣ
СԴ÷ӿףʵײҪ嶯
׵һЦǿһᣡ
׵ĻСԴ÷һֽʮƷʯ˸׵ĳ嶯
ǳʲô¶˵ĻʱԼ¶ûа취
˿̣
ǰԭɽЩʲô
ԭɽԱߵģǴعھ⣡
׵ĿϣһԭĹϵʮֵĺð
ǴصĹھԭϵ
֪ˮȻһ¥˵ϢҪ̫ͨˡ
ֹǵһ𣿡СԴ÷ӿЩ㵵ʵ
ô˵׷ʵ
СԴ÷ЦŵλصĹھѾʽԭˣ˵Ƿ˴صһĴС㣬ҲǷзء
ǣȻǲҪЦһ
֮ǰطһﻹڿĸǱ˵ʲôڿΪľܾתԭˡ
ǴӳõĽǶĻǴ޵ǵδΪ
Ͼ
ڴ֮ڣҺͰ׼»mĲ¼ɡ
ǸĻһֲ֣¼Ҳ֮ʧˡ
ֻ꣬ɲ˵ֻǷһЩСϢѣǱĻǿɳԲ˶أ
СԴ÷Сףֻûд׵Ͽκεĺ֮ɫ
һߣ
ԭɽѾǵβ
˿̣
ԭɽһǧƷʯ۸ѾܸˣϼӵĻ»ᱻ˵ԩͷˣ
ԭС޵ĳŮ֮һ񼴱ڴˣȴҲҵ֮֮ˡǧȻܶ࣬峤Ҳ벩һһڣ
һӽ
ԭɽƺ治ɫһһǧ򣡡
㡭ԭɽǸԵˣĿŶԭɽ
ֻԭɽ˵ԩͷ峤⵱Ҷ㡭
ЩԲ׼һμ޾һƷʯ
Ϊ޶Ǵ벩ɱ˿Цˡ
ԭɽɵ˵һһǧԥˡ
һ˿һһǧһΣһһǧΣһһǧΡ
еСӼҪµһ˲䣬ԭɽѾվ˻ˡ
ȻҪǧңġ
ɵʱȻһ˿֮ɫ
㡭ţ
ɵ΢΢Ǽ岻ĻȻҪһƴף
֪СҪʯ
Ǳ׼ԭɽ֮ʣһ˺




3997  ֮
 

˵һ
ˮ˲ըѣһŮҲʲô֮¡
˵ˮݻǴһЩ̸֮¡
ֻʱԹݣԵ÷ǳĲʱˡ
ҲֻǲʱˣȴûӦòӦһ˵
ˮݼȻ涨Ȼǿġ
֮£ˮԼµĹأǵ޺֮˵ǰܾԼԼ
˭mϵˮݵģǲ㹬Լ
Ȼôʲôϵأ
㹬ĲϲҪնݳĻֱһɱ֮
˿̣
üͷ΢壬ڵķ˹ȥ
ԭɽߣ⿴׵һ̣Ѿǳ׵ķˡ

⿴ףм
һԼ˶ʮ֮ңˮˡ
һԵԭɽɫѿ˼㣬ոҪ¹ӵû뵽·Ȼɱ˸ҧ
ھʶԭɽһʵ
ҡҡͷʶȴʶֻطһ棬ӦǸطĪĹϵ֮ǰ˵ԼҴ֮ˣҴطΣʵֵĺܣ
ûиҰԼ˶ʮ·˵ȥ˵ȥ˿Ц
ڻ޵ľڣԼô֮˳
ߣҸԭԵģǱ·һԭɽһ
һԵɺٺһЦòС㣬ԭļҲǺѵóѰ
ɣҲڲìܶѣ⹬mֶŮ
ԭɽɳҲ˵
ɺٺһЦԭ緢Ժƴһ㣬Ȼڳ⣬ԭҲ岻ݴˣ
㡭쵰
ԭɽȿЦģҲŭ
ʱվ̨ϵĹɫЩѿǿ׵֪ӴӺζ
ӺζҪ𣿡׸СԴ÷ӻǰ
ֻǴʱСԴ÷Ӻ޲ֱҸط˲źãϧûᰡ
´ˣλ÷ӽӴĿˣ֣Դޣ
СԴ÷ӿɲŹҲһ㶼и˵Լ֪顣
ȻˣʮƷʯûи˵
ҪǳʲôӵĻԼɾ˰ڵҲֻײҪ˵ȥˡ
ԭǴֹӣãСλҲ֪ġ
ڼû˵ˣҲû˵ˡ
ڿȥҪͨԼȥһ
ֻ׿ȥʮִֵ֣ЦһˮݵĹغκˮӭ֮Ůɣ
ֻۣ
ԭɽ׵ģҲվ˳
⻹δۣ֪ĳ۸أοĹĳ֪һЩġ
׿ԭɽҲǵ˵
ֹǷҪôˣֹ֪ӿһЩĺأ
ڿŴһ㶼ϣҲЩŭˡ
һ¥ѣ˵вĳ޲صĻԵʱĳû˵Ļλ
ɵݣƺδڳ֮˷С
ھ֮ˣȰ˵һɣ࿴һԵ⣬Ҳ
ֵġҪ˵׿ݸһЦĹھȻҲˮ¥֮صˣ㵽Ǵ޵ĳ޵Ĺ
㡭
û뵽һﾹȻ˵ĲԼӣ˭
˵ʵ
仰˵֮ڶеˡ
ǽάȣ֪ΰˣ
ھһͣȴֻвôĳطѰһӣȴô鷳£޻治紫֮еǰ㣬ʵʧ
׿ŹڣＥΪľ²̨
ı
⹬֪Ǽȴò
ڿͱ˵ӣ˵ǿӭͣԵнڣѭˡСǲ٣ˮݼȻ㿪⣬Ȼǽˣ
Ȼ˵ĻǾͿ۰ɣ
СΪm֮ˣӵмΪݣǹı棬Ǳչݣ޼ۡȻֹҪ¿ۣǱʮƷʯֹõóǱԡ
ЦһһҲóʮƷʯ
ڳ֮Źļ۸Ҳǵһ




3998  Եԭ
 

ˮݣڣ
ʮڵļ۸ʵϾΪ˺Щ֪ߵغ֮ˣ
Ȼˣڳܹ֮óʮƷʯ߲
ֻðŵm֮ΣգڼʮΪ֮ʵǲ㡣
οʮľܴ
ԭɽԾԾԣȻǲʱϣġ
Ȼ˲֪ԭɽǶԹ氮Ϊֺ⹬أ
ʮƷʯ۸Ҳǹĺܣ
۷׷֮ʣ׵˳ߴߴķѾǳ˳
ô˵ֹԸʮƷʯҲ͵ˣ
ɫԱ䣬ԭΪһܹѵˡ
û뵽ʮƷʯҲûֹܹ˵ķġ
׵˵£Ȼ۸ѶһֽǮһֽ˺ˡ
ţ
ԭɽʱһ۹࣬΢΢ͷ
ȻԭɽҲᣬ̳ǳ
޵۶ӻǶడʲôֱ˵ɡ׵˵
ʮˣԭʮڣܲһΪɣԭɽʱѾ˵ԼˣֱӴԭ塣
㵱Σ֪˶ȻĬģҲν
ˮݵĹˣɻһأǱ˭ļ۸ߣ˭͸ʸˡС֮ˣȻҲݲ֮ڴҰĪˣ
ԭɽܻᲶģʱȻȻġ
ʱһɹпܳΪӢ۾ǡ
ԭɽҪģĵڴǹصֶŮ
ܹ¹ӣǱ֮صӡ
һõԭҵҲø˲һѰ
һ̣ԭɽΪֵõġ
΢΢ͷԭ峤Ȼһ֮ӣҲֻԭ峤ͷˡ
»ǲϣĳˣĳȴ뷽跨ľֵܾĺܰ
״ȤĿŹ࣬Ҳǲм˵
ֹӵɼΣֻǽƺעԵˡԭ峤֣δ֣ĻԭɽǴ˼Ѫһ㡣
һԵȴɫȻʮֵĲˬڳ֮Ҫԭɽ֮˱ˡ
ԭɽһЦˡ
ˮݵ£һ޴ӵܣǶȹᣬⱨǻ˹أĳһӣȿԱ֤ƽȴŷˡ׿Ź൭˵
ŶҪҵȾˣһˣ²
бƣԭΪ師Ȼǿ˻ˡ
˲ûߣ٩٩̸
ҲŭɶĲôΣ
˵ˣҲûи˵ĿԼݣԸӵԾֻίˡ
ĳϷŹֻҪȻܾġ˵
һԵԭɽһл˵
ȻλҪĳڼ۸һϸ£ĳΪұֻỵ˹ءʱòʯͽЦϣԣĳΪ۱ۡ
׵ʵΪ˷ֹԭɽˮݴʱⱨ۰ǧڣ˵
Ȼ˵ײںЩʯΪֻҪޣ޶ġ
ֻ첻̫ǣӺϺЩҲû˵
⣿
໹ΪҪˣʲô۶ӳû뵽ʶѣ
ҲЩƵĿף˵ǻɴ˲ǡ
ڿ⹬ƺЩСǰ֮ˣӦбˡ
ԭɽһ۹ԭƹܿⷿĴԭӥҲ汾峤ǰ
ԭӥҲˣֵʱҲǹʵ
Ϊ޳֮һԭӥʵ˿־ֵġ
ڴˣ
ԭӥʱΧ˽һ߼Զóһ·
ƣ֮վ˾Щͬ
ԭԼ٣ˮ԰
೤ĺһԭӥǰһӦ׵ˣ
ԭӥ˵İɣС㼴ٲãҲm°ȥ
ǺõģֻûеǧҪ̫ţ׿һԭӥ˿ȴ˲
ԭӥһЩʼûɵĿŶˡ
ôҲ뵽λ֮Ѿˡ
עþˣˣƤĹǲǲ֪㵽ǲJǹͷˣֹ롭
ԭӥĿֱףҲЦһ
ˮݴ˿̶ڴԭ֪ߵغС޶ء




3999  ȸʯ
 

ԭ壡
޳֮һ֮ǿɼһˡ
ҲΪʲôڿԭӥֵһ̣һԭ
ԭĳôܹʲôأ
ο¹޹Ĵ£ԭƴȫ¶ᾡΪġ
Ͳͷˣ㻹ǲԼɣ
׿ԭӥһ˿вĻҲƵƵĻӦ
вԼ
޵ĵһ壬Ҳûκεʸ
ԭӥЦһСѿ֪޵شﲩǿ֡һͼm֮ˣʲô³
裿һһǮһ˵
׿ԭӥҲǷʵ
Сװɵ²ʲô¡ԭӥЦһ
ʮƷʯ
пܻиʯҪԭΪƹԭǮƵԭӥҲ۲ѵġ
ô˵Ψһ뷨ϣСĴ޵棡
ԭ岻ǰСӵĻǵʱĳˡ
ԭӥˣ޻ˡ
ɱǰСһǧΡһΣҲް
׵ЦһĵҲͲˡ
ԭɽһϣСӷʲôֱŪˣ
֮ôܹ㶯أοСˮΪ޵ҵȸ˻أ
ԭӥһԵԭɽҲǵ˵
֮ǣĳǵһ˵ײм˵
ˣƤûκε壬ʮƷʯԭˣбµĻǾʯ˵ɣ
ԭӥףҲ˵
׹һֵд⣬ʮƷʯ
˻
ױ֮ʱ˵һѾмôе
ֱʮʮڵӣСӵǶǮô
ʮڣ촽촽˵ĻɰղԼĹأóǮ
ԭӥףҲðһ˿Ļ
һﻹţһڱʮڣȻ˵ݺܶԵĳ壬һڱǼʮڵҲǺܶࡣ
֣
޵ȷһּңҲǿһ塣
ɼˣӦҲû޾Եĳԭ塣
ԭӥʱѾЩ̶˼άˣѾ׶Ϊ֮ˡ
״ͷβҲû˵ԼԴޣΪطԭټŴ޵ķΣŸ롣
Ǯô֪ʯ㲻ϣ
óһʯ˵
ʯʯֻԼ˸޴Ӳѯԭӥ
ǲ֪ʲô취׵ʵ
ҲǼ򵥵ĺܣֻҪĿʯˢˮݲ֤㵽ûôʯ𣿡
ԭӥףҲǵ˵
ʮƷʯһҲһС
ûеĻô鲻ͽ
ҲУĳҲҪµģǰ߶ѣڳ֤֮ô࣬Ҳġ
׿ԭӥҲ
һԵĹ˵ʯҵȻǿϣ
ʵҲ˵˵ѣʮƷʯǶϵĻܿʲôأ
ܿ죡
СԴ÷Ѿǽӹ׵ĿʱҲʮֵĽš
ʵ˵׻кøеģϾ޵ˡ
кøеĻҲǸղŸʮƷʯĺøжѡ
ĺøУʱûж١
ΪףԵôı
ߣһϷˣԭĻˡ
ǰҲóʮƷʯ˰
Ҳһ㿴һ˵ĵݣ˵һʲôأ
УΣʱƣ¹ӹĻҲ֮أ
һ˿׵ģҲһ֮Աǡ
ǾһǮҲǻԩǮ
úõĻŲ𣿷Ҫ޵ĵ
ϽȥɡСԴ÷һ
СԴ÷ĭҲǼҴҵĴ׸ĿֱӵһԵĵطʼˢˣ
һ֮СԴ÷ӽ׵Ŀĳ֮У
ܿ죡
һ˵ĶҶ֪ˢɹеһ
ʱˮţܶ˶ɴ۾ǰס
ôҲû뵽һﾹȻôʯ
㡭㵽ʲôˣԭӥ˿̿ףҲһ
ʮóˣԲô򵥵İ
ֻǵһЦƺֵǳ˰ɣ




4000  ̧
 

ˮݣ
˿ѾˢʮڵףһԭĲмҲǱĽ
ᣬȻżʮڿԵȵʯʲô
ҪǣһﾹȻЩǮֻΪһŮˣ
Ҫ֪ʮƷʯȫ򵽲ٵļƷ˰
ѾƷҪȻΪһŮˣһǲⰡ
ǿ˼·ĻҲǻɴǲӱŸˣ
ԭӥЦֹӼȻʯǱϾ棬ԭϻûʲô˼ء
˵˵ȥ㵹ǳ۰Щͷ˵
˿̣
ԭɽ⣬ǹһ˵ȶʮֵĽš
һվŵȴʮֵĵʯڵ˵ǻҪж٣
ſڣӵв¼ڵʯһһſ
ԭӥһЦʮһڣ
ʮһڣҲǼΪĿֲˣ޿ֵ˶ɫһ죡
һԵ΢΢һ̾ԭϣʦڵֻһһڵϼӣǳ־Լô
ɣͷҳͷ˰ԭɽŭ
ǣȻΪά޵ϣôٵأֻͷԭȥ˶ѣ
˵ԭʵЩС
ǿһϣ
һϯֱڳ֮˳׵ȦˣҪʲô
ҪսΪǿļ尡ĪʯòԼ˲ɣ
Ӳ񣡣
ԭ֮˻Щøеģһԭɽ档
û뵽˾Ȼһֻߣ˭˭
磬㿴ֿʲôʱ򣿡
ԭӥʱŸĳطҲǿ˹ȥҲЦ
ಣ
һɫӰ˵ĸǰʱһλԭӥµҲЦе˹
磬ĴϣҲǼȨ֮ˡ
ԭӥû뵽㾹ȻһС޶Ȳϣʵ˸оЩ˰
ʱ˳ԭӥҲֱ˵˵
࿴УЦһ壬Ȼ˵ƣСţһЩɫΣڹǰҲû㱨ǣ
ԭӥϿɲķͷЦһ
еǰǲͬĻԺ¾ҪˡԭӥɲԼһ˳еա
⹬ǮҲͰˣǲأ
ԭӥģȴֲеıǮģҲʮֵԥ
Ϊ벶ȸں󣡣
ǻȸǵȵԭĴĻ岻˿ΰ
һЦȻ˵ĻǱҲСһ棿ֻǲ֪Сܶð
ͲλˣЦĳǶأ
ԽǵݣԭӥԽûס
һԵԭɽЦ˼ڴˣֲƿСߴʴʣ
ƺû˵ķݰɣüԭɽ΢΢һ̾
Ҫ˵Щʲô˵ʲôƺҲûȤһԵԭɽһ㡣
ҲǱ죬ջԼҪ˵Ļ
ЩʱһʱհȵСʧܵʱҲ٣
Ȼˣ
ɾãʵҲûʲôģ˼һ˶壬ѾţĲҪҪˡ
ʲôʸȥЦأ
ʮڣײ˵һεı
絭˵ʮڣ
һڣ
絭ĸ׼ڽбƴʱһںûһڱԼĿˮǺ
һڣ
˷ˣ
һ̣˾ֵļһǳ׵ķˡ
ʮڵĵ׼̶ۣ̼εĽ֮һӲֹ̧
һڣѾǳ˺ܶ˵ˡ
ڳЩ֮Уӵаʯ۵ļ壬Ҳûм
ǰСӽΪһŮˣҿԿó۸ƺĿռ䣡
㡭ȷһڣ类Ȳ·ƵļһŪһһ㶵ġ
׵˵ˢ
һԵСԴ÷ӿףƺڲ֪ǰһǮ
ԭΪԼʮƷʯѾܶˣڲ֪ʲôţһë
ԼõʮƷʯһë
˿̣
ˮѾǾۼ̫̫࿴֮ˣ
ⶥ¥֮ϵĳ뷿֮ڣ˫۾ҲĶף֮ҲĨľ֮ɫ




4001  
 

ˮݶ㣡
һ᷿᷿ˮصؿȱһ᷿Ϊľˡ
ӣλݼΪŮӾסߡ
ΪmһԱҲmش͵Ĺȴ˹
һΪһ輧ݲùһʱԽܡ
Ҳֻܹˣ˭ԼĸͻȻأ
ʵϣ
Լ֮ʱǺܲ⣬ʱԼĸ׹ȴ޷ˡ
ֻ˵Լʵǰο֮
ˮݣʲôĵط
ЩҪԼЦأô˸ð֮Լأ
˷ˣ
ֻҪûз裬ӦǲԼˡ
ȴҲ֪ԼĸһֱƭԼйһ˿ϣ
ֻʱȥôˣӵҲǱ׵ĥƽˣƺѾǽ˵İš
ɾʱ򣬹ȴˮ֮УȻΪԼһǧˡ
֪Ϊ˵ķ
£Ǹʶ𣿡ӵԱߣʵūǧҶһ㵵ĿŹʵ
΢΢һ̾ԺҪںҹˣ֮һǸˣҺʶ
ܰɣһǧѾм۰Ʒʯˣ֪ܲأ
ǧҶ忴Źӣһ˿Ĳš
̾һ壬ҵӦö֪ɣ
⡭˰ǧҶ΢΢ҡͷ
ӵǰҲʮֵ֡˺ʶأ
ĪǸµĺֲɣǧҶ忴ŹӣҲǵʵ
˵Ļ״Ӧ˵ֻ˵пңȴû˵˭
ҡҡͷһ㶼ȷǰ֮˵ǲԼġ
ǧҶһ˵ô˵ĻӦо˰
оȣѣӿɲҹͬǧҶ
Ŀǰƣ޶ȻԼ뿪󾰳ǵģˡ
ǴʯԼԺأ
ޣɲʲôĵط
ףҪԼȥǾڵˡ
Ҳһ˷ٹᣬҲһ𣿻Ѿ˺أ
ǧҶ嵹ʮֵֹֻۣƵжԶûй
΢΢һ̾Ӧmµľ֣֮ΪľǽҸ״˵ĵһͬ𣬵ʱ˸ҾԼ׵Ļ³ʮֵң
£ѾˣֻҪбǲǾϲ𣿡
ǧҶ̬ȷǺãǺõը֡
ӿЦһ˵ĵҲûдϣǱûϣҪòܹӳȥĻҶ֪ȥδ
£ǿ϶ǲܴˣҪȻȥްɣ
ǧҶ忴ŹӣҲ
ޣڸ˿սȥôȥ̷뷨
ǧҶ̵´ԲӣôٲȻǰ˴ޣ㲻Ǵ޵ĳ˲𣿡
ǣѾͷϲΣԭļлǸļһʲôʤ𣿡
ӿһ㽵ǧҶ壬ҲǿЦҡҡͷ
ҲˣǲһЩò𣿡
ǧҶ忴ŹӵӣҲνҡҡͷ
ΨһϣܹȥȻȳԼĸסֻһʵ̫ˣ
Ӵ˿̵ĶǱߣҲǷһ֮
ȷҪȳԼĸ׼ǲܵ顣
ֻ֪ҪһεĹ֮󣬿¾Լ֮ʱˡ
Ϊ˶Ůĳ棬ӵޱȵļ尾
£ѵ˸˸˵һ仰𣿡ǧҶ忴Źӵ
ʲôӵʵ
ǧҶݸһЦֻҪûеʱ̣һжδ֪Ҿø˵ӦҪһҪֵ󣡡
ǣѾͷǻοˡˣôһһɣλֹܷ񱣵ס˵أҲֻˣ
ӿǧҶ壬Ҳ΢΢һ̾
ʱ
˵ĿһεƵ׺ԭӥϣ
ǾԼ˵ʱˡ




4002  İʮ
 

һڣ
ʱˮϢ˵ĿⶼǷ׵ϣ
ƷʯѾһˡ
Щ֮Ա֮ˣһҲĽʺ޵Ŀס
̫Ǯ˰
ڳ֮ˣܹóƷʯģ˵ûУ
ԭԭɽɺ⣬ʱ׶һơ
ֻкҪ֪˵Ǵʲôðģ
ˣӦģôû˵أ
ֻϧǣ˻ǴδףĻǿֱӾͱˡ
˵λĳλˣⱨƺǺ
״ʱԭӥ磬ҲԴ٩˵
֣
ԭӥһۣÿһεĽмۣǿɶǴѪ
֪ӵĻԭ첻ͺˡ
˭֪޵Ĵ󾰳ǣȻ˸վأ
ûè壬˭Ҳˣ
ڵǣûʶˣҲ֮ˡ
޹ϵеǰ£˻ǲֱӶְ
ҲĹϵܹˮ˵ࡣ
ĻʱѾѪɺˡ
ĳʮֵʧǵķϻ̫ˡǲ۵ĻǾ빬Сɡ
׿һԵĹ࣬Ҳǵ˵
ЦһⲻǸոѣ㻹Ϊǿ㲻ɣ
ĳʱޣǸϽİɣ
Խ֮ԽȺ鼤ܣֻûκεĵ
һﵽʲô·Ȼ˵ţ
һһʮڣ
ŭһҲһεıۣ
ֻͷҲ̧һʮڣ
Σơ
ֱԭӥ˵ϣ˿óǵʵûʲôˡ
һʮڣһ
ڣھǴ߹ӣʯʲôģǲ˵һֶѡ
˻
ڵļ۸һѾǾ֣ǳ׵±ˣ
ˣʷΪ˵һ۸ˡĿǰ˻ûгʮƷʯġ
⡭һĪǷڰ
˿ǣֶȻĿõóڡ
ڣܹһ𾳺ڵĳ˰
𾳣Ūһ羳ǿҲܹ˰
һ˱Ǿ
ΪʲôһΪһŮ˶ܹѼƷʯȴûʸ񣡣
ֻҲ룬ܹطˣԼʲôأ
һʮڣ
оԼȫѪҺϵķţѾܾû˿˵˷ˡ
ڣ
ƺҲʧȥģıһαһεķ
Ҫ֪ȾۣԽǵ˶ԽС
˼ҵãʲôССģֱӾǻʽıٶȰ
ԭӥǴʱƺһֻڶ
ԭϣ㡭Σ
翴һԭӥҲƵʵ
ϵʯҲңȥĻܿͼ˰
ԭӥ磬һξԼĿҪ䡣
֮ǰǲǾûѸʯѣǲϣпҪ䰡
еκһҵĻѾˣ
λЩ֧Ųס˰״˿̿˵ĻˣҲЦһ
δ˭֪ʤһأ˵
ֻ˵ģ˵ԭӥ˵ġ
ʱ˻ΪԼǵС˼ԥԥ
˵ʵľʵǲ˼Ҵ
ͬĻԭӥ˵ˡ
ƴˣŹĻҲҧҧȻʮڣ
ʮڣİڣ
ոҧļ۸˲ͱˣ
İʮڣЪ˹
İʮڣ
һεıֱӷŻˣΪóİʮڼǵļˣ
ֻȼ۸ʵ̫ˣһֱĸо
Ȼŭ۸Ѿ̫ˣԼҲǾˡ
ԭ壿
ֲΪҲˣ
ӳ
ɫ˵һˮݴ˿̵Ŀ⾡׵ϣ
İʮڣ۸ʵ̫ˣ
˸о𾪵ǣİʮڲȥˣһǵˡ
࿴ǰӣһ˲侹Ȼ֮ˡ




4003  ŵ
 

˿̣
ˮڣ
ӺǧҶһˣһһʵЩ̫ˡ
İٶڣΪŮˣ
ҪǣȥҲʲô֮£ǿѹȣ
лֹӣ
ЩĿţ֮д˿˿ɻ֮ɫ
׵˵빬ٸཻĪ棬񹬱ѣĳҲֻܱȫŮˣ
ֹӣôµ⹬ıߣ
࿴ף֮д޾в֮⣡
̫ˣ
˾أȻֱ˵ཻĪ棬ⲻǸ޹ȥ
ʵϣҲΣΪһѾǸ޹ȥˡ
ҲǹǰԼŮ֮˰ɣ
ôĻҲЩпԭˡ
ϥҲֻôһŮΪԼŮһЩҲġ
ʵϣղô˵Ҳǹѡ
Ҫɱ⹬ӵĻôҲý⹬ˮˡ
ǹӲˮݵĻҲûнˡ
ߣߵóˮ㱾£
ԭɽʱ˴⣬Ҳŭɶ˵
»䲻𰡣طƣĳططǴ֮ҵôĪҪ޿սɣ
׿ԭɽҲ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ԭɽҪ˵ԭӥѾסԭɽ峤µȼ߹ж飬ڼҪͽ¶ˣ
˵գԭ˾ʧˮݡ
ԭҪһεһµԭɽҲһݲճľ棡
ҲΪΪ޵һЦ
ʱԭɽѾŭգѾԼı
һطѣ㲻ʲô
οҲطڶ֧֮еһѣĳʲôأ
Ҳδֹ׺͹뿪ֻҴҵѾǸmˡ
ȻӲʲôҪǱϾǹ֮ŮҲmصֶŮ
ΣҲҪһġ
طڣ
ͰϪǵȴ׵ĵֻǵҲЩ֮ɫ
ǰϪ֪׵Ƣģ˵þпܴ
Ϫ׻һ̣Ҳǳһ˰ûʲôɣ
Ǯ˶ѣʲô飡Цŵ
λǹӹ𣿡粢δӣҲЦһĺƯȻ鴫
лֹӳֻǡ
Сʲôʵ˵޷
ô֪״ֹʲôأȻҶԸ׵֪ĲǺܶ࣬һҲǶġֹӣǵûм˵Ҳû˵
еɻĶ࣬Ҳüʵ
ǣ㲻ʶĳҲ顣ĳ빬ٸĽһЩС㲻֪ȻӦõġ
׿ŹҲǵ˵
Ӽʵֹӻ˶ʯΪ˾һ֮ˣÿϧ𣿡
ϧʲôȵʱ¹ǻžۣЦŵĳֻǲϣڼСʲôѣ
ȡҸ״ˣ
׵ĻҲǾֵʵ
Ҫ֪þԼĸѹǲܵ飬ȻҲȡ
ֻڵǣԼĸҪ󣬶һϯǿɶǿֲĴڰ
Щˣһ·ǿɶĺǿ
ЩһǴʲôǶûκεĻᰡ
ôСû𣿡Цŵ
һԵİ̾һֹӹûģ˵ҵҲûκεģ
Ҳлֱ˵֮ˣȻ֪Щ֪ΪΪ֪֮ԼĸͶ˼ңѾûκε·ˡ
ӿЦһĵ⣬ֹӵӸм㡣ֻȻ壬ȴǷɶ˻𰡣
лҪһԵ˷ȻӵžԵʤ㣬Ҳӵмʤġ
׿ӣҲǸһ϶
Ӿֵʵֹѵ֪һιϯ֮˶˭л𣿡
ĳȻ֪Ϊ⹫ܹôҲǰ֪ܲ
׹һЦֻôһ˵һԵĹӳ׵סˡ
ĭֹıֹ֪ǡ




4004  ˽жԭɽ
 

طڣ
ԭΪ⹬֪׵ݣû뵽ǣλµھȻ֪˵˵˭
ҲǸԼһǱڹˣ
ʱŹЦŵ£ʶֹ
ֹ֡ǸֹҲ֪
ӾɲĿŰ磬ֹ
Ѳֹ
ǴŴ޵ķΣ޸ǿ򲻵һȥ˰
ԣôҲû뵽׾ȻǴ޵Ĺ
ȹϵԭǻҲ֪ȻҲˡ
΢΢һЦֹıܹĲأλǴmĹˡ
ֹ֡𣿡
ӿףҲҪȷһ¡
׵ĻôԼ׵Ļһϣ
ȻҲϣȥʮֵã
mѲɻɣЦŵ
⡭ҼҸֹཻĪأҪ֪һսҸ״ǿȷŵͳ˧
Ӿڲ֪Ҳ֪Լĸһȥʲôˡ
ȻΪʲôԼĸ׻֮ͱˣȴ϶ԼĸӦòʹκεĽ
֮ǰԼĸһm֮޵Ĵء
ùһЦԷǵĸо
±仯޳
ǣΪһսҼҷ岻ѣ̸ͬˡһιٸͻȻҲҼҷأ
ϪŹӵģҲЦһ
ԭԭֲֹ˳־ң
ˣҲ֮һ໥װ
ٱһǻȵģһ㻹Сġκһű֮˵ġ
лֹֹֻӦ֪һʵ̫Σˣ
ӲǲԼĸףȻˮݣҲָƵġ
ˮݿϢԴǳĵطʲô紵ݶＸܹ˵ġ
οѾ˾֪飬֪ѣ
ΣУǻ𣿡Цŵ
ЩƵӹֹܻ֪һ¶ˡ
ֵֹĳʲôĻôĴ޿¶Ҫˡӳ
ǴᣬҪȾûлˡ׿Źӵ
֪ΪΪֹ֮ĵʮֵ塣ȻҲҪҸ״ˣֹӾʵǡ
ӿףȻֹףʵǲֵá
Щ鲻ô֪أοıô죬ȻܷġҪûܵġ
зâ˸֪ȴĻһο֮ս
£ֻǲδγɣڻǶֵʱ
ˣ
üͷһ壬Ҳ
˭ЩŵĿס
׵˵ɱǵˣ
⡭󾰳ǹؼΪɭϣȻܻ鷢
ĭóҲʮֵĽš
ֵģּˣ
ʱ
ӰѾǳ˵ĸǰΪ֮˱ԭɽ⣡
˻겻ɢ
˵ߣλ羳ǿߵĸ档
ԭ峤ھʲô
˿̿ԭɽҲ׵ĸǰŭһ
ʲôˣЦһ
⣬ѵͲȥǱ߲һ𣿡һ
ˣ˭֪˭ɱأңҲᰡ⿴Ű磬Ҳ¶һ˿Ц
СվСˣɲʲô򣡡
׿ǰˣҲ΢΢ҡͷ
ߣǴ󾰳ǣȷǲ㶯֣Ǵ뿪󾰳ǡʱҵҪúõ⼸Ů
ԭɽһЦλɶǾɫŮ
ԭɽŰϪʱӶˡ
ֻ֪ôԼԼں˷Ĺˡ
˵ģǰϪһˣ¾͹˺һˡ
Ҫɱңøˣ
˿̣
ЯĸŮѾǳŴ󾰳ķһţ
ԭɽЦһ·㲻ߣ㴳һﵹʡǲˡһжʮֵܣǧҪ˷ˣ
ԭ峤İɣԲ˷ֵġ
ٺһЦǼ˺ܿ㳯ʧķ򼲳۶ȥ
ֻߵʱЦȴҲĻЦˡ




4005  ˭˭᣿
 

󾰳Ƕ⣡
󾰳ǻɽΧɽ⵹ҲΪ˰ȫǡ
ճ˶ûжã״żξûɽ֮У
ԭɽЦ֮ǴԼļҲǸʧķһͬʧˡ
ʶ
ԭɽΪ֮˲һѡ
ֻû뵽ǣΪ˳ҲǿķŻԼĽŲ
ֻϧǣԭɽ˻Ϊһè׽Ϸȴû뵽èϷ
ɽ
һ·ǰУһֱ̺֮أŻͣ˽Ų
˿̣
ǹǰ綼Щǵı飬Ͼ֪ԭɽ߿ӵżλ羳ǿߡ
ֻһˣȻǲǵģһüǾЩΣˡ
Ҫ֪ӺͰսǿЩǰ޸֮֡
ˣǵôеأ
ֹ֡Ԯڴ˴
ӿףҲԵǵʵ
ҪԮʲôǼòţЦһ
һԵİֹĪҪСߵˣߵǴǰʮĳ֣ҲҵĴܹס
ҲǼæԭɽߵλ޵ĳ֣ԭ壡
羳ǿߣǧҶҲͷ
İɣҼҷɲǳصġϪЦһСǼˡ
ϪЦһ羳ǿ߰ǽѣһǷݣҲǺѰİ
ǾͲ˵Ļ᲻𣿡׵֮дһĨɱ
ֵģһοʲôطܣ
ԭɽĴԵҲ¶һЦ֮ɫ
˵磬û뵽Ҳнɡط㺰ƺ¶ûüģ
⣬㻹ԼĹԼɣЦػ
ѼӻӲĺܰܿϧԲ֮ҵѾ̽ˣûκεķĪҪСɹѹزɣϴŲм֮ɫ
ЩԶ֪ʲô졢ˣ
Ϫ⣬ҲǱĻӦ
¶һ˿ɫЦ˼ôϲУһ᱾иˬ㣡
֮ǰĳķˣĳѾҪ㶯ˡĳıˣĳ㳢ʲôٲ֮࣡
׿⣬ֻҡҡͷʹˣֻܵʹǾͲһ˿Գܵˡ
λСѣ֮ǰ֮ǰˮݵıֵ˹Ŀ࿴ֻϧ˲õˡ
ףҴܹܣҲ˼壡
ȻֻǴܹܣҲȨˡ
˷нޣǵҪĿΪ˴޹г̶ߵġ
ֻϧǣȻ֮ӣȴҲı䲻竵ıԡ
޾˰Ϫף˰ϪҲ֮ǰطһĻ
ôҲû뵽һβӦõˣȴΪɥȪĿʼ
羳ǿĳҲʮʮˣҲ׵ĻӦ
Ҳ°ˣѾ֪ʲô羳ǿ𣿻ʮʮզôҪأ
׵ĻһЦ˳ǱҪжš
һԵԭɽҲǿЦֹǴ޵˶ôϲʵҵѰ
Ҵ֮˿ɲƴţֻǸѣԭɽһһĿʼ٩
׵˵˭˵ĳǴ֮ˣ
㲻Ǵ֮ˣΪδҴ޵·һʵ
һ·Ǵ޵ˣֱЦ㻹һԸ΢΢ҡͷ
㾿ˣ׺ԭ弸ͬʱʵ
ԭɽʲôèȴһЩŵ
˵ǿѹ֮£˼ҾȻɵĸԼ˽̸
˵ʲôýֺͷ붼ó˰
߷ʲôʲôˣֱɱ˰
⿴ףҲ̵
Сү£Σգ
ƾűֱܵҲһ֮ɫĿס
׹һЦ羳ҲףöԩҲЩˡ
ʴʣԭɽŭһ
¾ˣԭҲǷ˲Ծʵ
ף
׿ǰ⼸ˣü֮ѾǴ޾ɱ
ֻǵļ׵ĻӶˡ




4006  
 

֡ף
׵ϳһ˿͵ı飬һԵԭˣ
ԭɽƺһûзӦĹ
ʲôסأֱŪ£
ԭɽĽδһλֵĹ
ʱ
׺ԭ϶һ˿ֵı顣
Ҫ˵ԼҴܼҵı飬Ҳɻʵܹܣôˣ
֡ס
׵ɫʮֵѿѾ֪ǰ֮˵ˡ
ֲ˼˵ĵҪ֪λmĹɱ֮ư
֮ǰǵƺһӾͱݻˣ
֪װֻǲʶѣ⵭˵
󡭡޹֡ף
һεѵһ֪ߵˡ
󡭡޹ף
ŵ˵ҲǶԺ֮˲һӰ
ܿ죬һԵԭɽҲʶ˼ɫһӱɷޱȣ
ݰ˷ޣ˱Ӱأ׵˵
㡭˵ף𣿡
ʱЩ˵ƺʵ
ߣ㲻֪𣿡һ
Сүܣ
׿⻹йǰλ½ɱ߳ƤҲƲѡ
˼Ҫƭ
һ򲽽ǼٵģҲСʻ괬
ܣˣ
ڴʱ˵ӰЦеģ׵һӾǵ˱档
ֹ֡ҵȲ֪٣롭׸û֣ҪͷԼһ·
һԵԭܹܣŹΨһĻɱɱ޺ޱĹˣ
ǡ
ѣҪǴù˭򰡣
ǣֹĻûк
ûк֣˼ҵսԼҲĶְ
ֻ׻δ䣬һɿֲѹѾ˵ͷ֮ϡ
֮
Ѿ֮ɢײδκεͣѾǻԼе޷潣չ˽
λ羳ǿߣ˵ʲôѶȵ顣
â
׵ǰѾǳһ˵ĺۼ
һغϣˣ
ֻûκδϢ֮Ѿὣһεɱǣ
Ĵȴû̫ע⣬ԶԶĿ¸ȻصϢҲǲҿֺˡ
״ʱǱһԵԭھһεĽ֮Ҳ׵ǰˡ
Ȼ֮ǰ˵ǿҪҸߣ
ĿѾǷǱߣ׺ǸһӦòʲôɫ
ֻϧǣԭȻֵһɲǣˣ
һ
Ľ·ֺɽһ˿
ټǿʶֱԭ಻ԣŵĻѾǱж˿ˡ
ɼˣҲǱĺ޻֮
һһ׺ʦֵˣ˵ļ֤֮£ͬʱ׺ԭնɱ֮С
Χģ˻ǿԸܵսϢġ
࣡
ʱԭɽѾ֮ɫôҲû뵽վȻһ֣
ûп
֮ǰˮݱһһεı˳׵Ĳڽ£ָоʵ͸
ֹ֡ҵ۲ʶ̩ɽ͵Ǹƨҷ˰ɣ
˿ﻹʲôСүӣһͨߡ
̰˿ʵЩġ
ԭɽЩֻǹױ̹ǵģҲǳ׵ܧûĺ֮С
˵ˣǧ򲻸ãõϷķˡ΢΢һ̾
Ҫ
⿴ٺЦĳ߹˲
һ̣öҩѾǽһĿС
ڼ
˲оצһܣȫ¾ǱʽĶ˺ҧһ㣬˺ѷһʹϳ׵ʧȥɫ
һԵԭɽǰľ˳׵ķˣ
⼸֮״ŹӵһεĻصط֮С
ʱԭɽ˵ʧȴδ̫˵ע⡣
ܶ˵Ļⶼˮİʮڵӹϡ
ڶλصֹӵݺĺܣѾ˸ָİ汾ˡ
ʱҴҶ
طͣӪҵʱطΧҲŸʽ˰̽顣
ֻƺ˭ҲûŶ룬ϾطҲǴ޵֮һ
ܿ죡
һµʱһζҲѾǽӽˡ




4007  Ὺʼ
 

ɽ
ڴ󾰳࣬޵ʥأ֮ܶ˽ɽΪ޵һ
֪⸻ɽеĵλжˡ
ʱĸɽȴѾǱǰμӹȺΧˮйͨ
˳֮У
׺ͰϪҲǻ켣УôҪؼʵ̫ˡ
Ҳ׵ˣŷұӡص塢ȳѾǻС
˷׼һпԵ
ڴһƬ飬׾Ѿްˡ
ǳɹǱǵǶʲôأ
ǲɹֻҪѵʱҲһġ
ӴʱѣԼĸ׽Ҫμӹᣬ֪⼸ʮһ档
Ҫ˼ֹĻѾǷˡ
׸ôһ˿˿ϣ
ȻҲȰײҪ嶯λֹѾƺ˿Ըı⡣
Ȼ£ΪûԼĸʲôҲǡ
֪ԼһжǿԼĸף񵫷һϣϣܹԼĸס
ˡ
һͳĹĴ˵ĶУɽۣ֮ٱѺһ֮г˵ĸǰ
״ˡ
ӿѾǱĥĺҵĹ٣ܵ;
׵ĿҲǷ˹ٵϣȻʮֵأδֻ̫࣬ҪԼӵʱûµġ
ֹ֡ӣһҪȾҸס
ӴһʼȰײҪôΣյĵطף˸ӵ·̱Լĸ׶üᶨޱˡ
׵ͷȻʼˡ
νĲ֣ʵϴ˽⸻ɽһ̣֮ѾǱϪ֮֡
ֻİϪѾǽ֮ԼȻɣöǰ羳ǿһʱҪҲʮֵѵġ
ѡѾʼ𣿡ЩĿףһԵİӹֹȻˣͲõˡһѣ
ҲˣʱҪͷûκεĿˡ
֪һ׳֣ʱԼĸҲȻڰ޹Ըˡ
λģĳûһЩգҲȻֵܳġ
˵ͷȻǱ֮ͬлʮֵĲġ
ɽ룡
˳ֵһ̣ѾǷˡ
ݼˣ
ɽ޵ǲ⹬޵ӰҲǲСġ
شһӣЦ˼ɡ
лˣ
޵һҲǼѣҪ֪ܶ˶δص׳ʲôģ
λص֮˵ĸǰȻǼˡ
˴ιᣬΪı֮δҲΪЩ֮ˣڱ֮£ݰһãλСĴ֮⣬Ѿǵˣ
ꡢ޵У
޵ǰһ˷ܵ˻һ׷·Ǹһ㣡
ЩŹصĻһֱ֮˴޵ĸоȻ˸ով˲Ұܡ
ؿԼǼˣһְµĸо
˵ʵ
ͷܹô񹬹ǲ׵ġ
ǾԼͷҲιǰ
ֻǹؾЩƣпǴΪ˱ФˣһĻѡ
Ϊ£ȻҲ˵˴޵顣
ܸоûô򵥣ѱĻm֮Ὣ½ôһ
صĻòᣡ
ߵ̨ǰһкѾǿ˼µĸо
ֻһҲίߣʵ⡣
ˣľһǻδأ
΢΢ҡͷȻ޵飬ʵÿһ޶˴ڲ𣿡
ԼǣҲһξѡҪȻȿʼλֹΪӦˣ
˿ҲǴżֳ˴εȷնɱ˵ĺûᡣ
ֻϧǣһҲģķˡ
٣֪
ʱصĿѾǷ˹ٵϣһ̣Ľ⡣
ֻùʧǣ֮δ




4008  ɽ¥
 

֪֮а
ٿŹأĨһ˿ҵЦݵ
֮У㲻ȴͷңǺԵɣ
֮һֱ֪Լ׵ܵΪʲôͷң
Ҫ֪ٵȨһ֮֮ˡ
ޣԼ֮⣬Ҳǹˡ
֮ˣȴԼôһ̾Լʮֵʧܡ
ľܣΪֵܣȴϣ˶ѣ
һֱδ˵ԭֻҪ˵ˣΪղˡ
˵ʮֵĸж
˾أҲΪԼ׵ˣôҲû뵽ֹȻ׼Լ
Ҳ˵ɹ񣬾ͳһݾģ˸ϲλֹ
˵֮ǰ˵һͳЩ̫ܣȴûпܣ
ֻǹٸһһֱȰ˵ײҪ嶯
֣һӾͿԿóթ
Լѵ֪
ܹȳԼŮѾǸмˡ
ľܣıˣ
ŭһһֱδڵĹǿˡ
ֻһڣùŭѣ
Σ˵ô˹׳㻹ǹԵġ˳ڣһֱڹĶǣΪܳʲô𣿡
٣ߴˣ
⹬ô˵ҲƲѣ
һսȷǸʿԼĴǲòȡֶӦľ档
ڶʱҪģսѾǲ̫ˡ
ʿûˣٶҲ޲ˡ
ЦһȻƿ£ʵҲǱԴСѡ֮һһɾ͹ҵ޵ʱӦ棿
칬޴ô꣬ҵʲôʱȺ֮ˣֻǴ˷ڤԱɵֶζߣȻ˹صġ
쿴Ҳһ
ʵҲ԰ڤô걻һƣȼɵһǿʵҲΡ˷ֹһ壬ȴˣǺܻѡʱ䰡
¶һ˿ЦҲ֪޸ǲԸġ
Ҳ̫ˣҪ֪Щ֮һпʱ
Цһһͳڤǲĸ岻ˣˣҲˣһҪˣʲô
ʲô㹬װʲôˣȴͨһޣҲǴѾ˰ɣ
ŹأҲͻȻվ
ҵˣʵ
жףααأھ͵㹬ҸȻԱأ
ȷ˽û뵽⹫ոտʼ˵Ĵ̼ˣ
һãĽμ⹫Ļǻûм˻š
һ򲻺ͣһɵո̨ȴû뵽һ֮ǰķˡ
ɫһƬڣû뵽˵ͲӰ
ٴʱҲǿЦ˼칬ᣬû뵽ȴ˵ϬʵϣѾ˹ϵҹټʮΡ
٣𣿡㲻Թһˮ׼ϵǺξģ
˵˵Ҳ޷ΰܻ޵ģҲҵˣ
ȻģҲƻ˵Ĵƣ
бҪһԺĶֵĻǲǶһ
̥
Щܹ粻һ˾֣
ɫ࣬Ǽһ˿ЦݵҲ뿴κߵģ
ЦһأĮޣΪһޡռ£ֻϧǰһȴһϦֱ֮Ϊ߳ŭ鹥ޣд£
Ǳ̻ʡع̶֮£ȷһЩΪһ屨֮ģ˭ȹû˽أռ鱾û˵ҲûȻˣǱھ㳢յζ
ش˿ﻹκεֵ壿
ڵĿʵѾǶ˴ֻ֮ϧФδĻǽҪˡ
λļôһĹ򶼵Ȳ˱𣿡
ֻǵؼҪֵһ̣һ˵Ķ




4009  
 

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ڹܻҪնɱѹ֮ʣһ˵
ǹҲʶͣԼԭҪնһὣĿͣ׵ϡ
˵ЩmҲûм׵ġ
˴Į֮⣬ĹǶûκϢ
վߣҲ޷֪
ߺˣ
ԭվ棬˿̿Ҳһ
ֹ
ףǹֵʵҲΪ֤һݡ
ףʵҲǲ²⵽ˣֻû뵽˵ᡣ
ףݹۣôٵ˱أ
׿Ц˼Ҳ쳹ɽ
˾Ǵ֮еװû뵽ᰡ
ֹᰡֱ̫˰Ǵһͳޣ
˵ʵȻǲŰ˵ʵ
֮ºܶ࣬׵Ѿ쳹磬Ӧòٵġ
ʵϣ
֪޵İڴˣ˴ʱðĻǸʲôأ
Ϸˣ֮˭Ҳûġ
οmιȻ֤׵ݡ
һߣ
ˮݵ¹࿴׳һ̣˽һ㣡
İʮ˹ӣ䶯ޣ磡
ֻһӵʵģʵ벻˭
һֱΪǴ֮ˣڿǴ֮ˣ˼ԭǴ֮
һ뵽ߣҲЩңǵʱѡֵĻѾܰȵվ߿ˡ
Ҳʮֵǰ֮ˣҪ֪˽֪һδ֮ײǰޡ
Ϊ˵İߣ˻ʽĴʵһ֮ŴǰС
ޱɱ޿˵˲ֱĿҲеġ
˶Ϊһ֣ƫƫȴˡ
ʲôӢǣҲòϣ˵ʵ̫ˡ
ֹȻĸ
ؿף¶һ˿Цݡ
һԵҮͻҲǵЦһʵһμ֮ʵ𾪲Ѱû뵽֮˵ᡭ
ǰҲҪ졣Цŵ
ֹǿͣȻۣ֮Ǻܶеˡ֮ǰҪŻġ
˵֮ʱ׺쳣
ʵΪ˸һֻڳΪ˾ȹٵô
Ź΢΢һЦŻʻЩ̫׼ȷ
ֹʲô˼
ظо׻лҲüʵ
΢΢һЦʵҲûʲô˼ֻ㲻ɱ
ɱ˭һ㶣ôҲû뵽һȻΪ˱١
ĵһ뷨Ҫ£ģҲ԰
ٸҴm½ĸһӣΣ
׿ŹأҲ¶һ˿Цݵ
ŭһֹ빬ֵܣ޸ʲôʱ޵ĸˣ㻹ǻ˵Ц
ղŹٸһ仰˵ûģľܡٸԱҲͣԸĻͥҲġƺְɣ
׿ŹأҲЦһ
ң͸
ɫΪѿԼֵΪ˱Ĵ޵ĸ鴫ȥҲһķ̰
ңԲӣҴޱΧ޸һҪȽޣΪҴӮĴϢĻᣬƺְɣ
׵ıԽԽ䣬̸֪Ǹӡ
Үͻ˿վ˳ֹ˵ĵȷеޣȻ˶ץˣӦҲûʲô˵˰ɣ
޵˱ץˣô죿ײмķʵ
⡭
Үͻһӱ׸ǺĲ֪Ӧôˣ
ش𲻾ȿ϶ǲеģҲЩΡ
׵һЦȻѾ֪ˣǾͲװˡ
ô˵ֹҪһߵˣ⹬ҲҲ
Ҹʲôɸ˿սأȻľͳˡ
ǹԣǱ˱㹫ŪˣԺ󱾹Ҳûˡ
ױ䣬̬֮ǿᣬЩо¡
㻹ΪǸʲôȻһﶼڣԾͽĶˣ
һ֪ʱȻ˻վԼģ
Ѿʼ˺ˣ¾˼ˡ




4010  ޳̸ܺ
 

綾
ش˻һɽƺҲ֮ɫ䣡
λֹһᣬѾǽҩζŨĳ̶ˡ
ֹ㻹ǴԲѰ֪⹬޸촽һ촽ͱ޵ˣЦ
쿴ףҲĨһ˿Ц
׵˵ȻλţǿʵȳˣͲбʲô
ҮͻЦһڤǲʵ
ǶҴأʵ
дȣҵȲеѣҮͻɵȻ
ƾܴͦİװĻӦ
ˣƤӹʲô˼أֹʵʮֵֻͣϧǣҪ䣬ʵ֮
Үͻףдһ˿˵ӡ
ֻݸһЦ챾ǰȻǿ˺ܶࡣҪҲ顣ֻϧǣè޺ӼٴȱӣŻ
ߣҶҽ̻ʲ
ҮͻԱߣһӰѾֻǱҮͻסˡ
£
ҮͻɲʲôɵӣȻܳΪһε쵼ߵġ
޵ҰĿɲֹôһ㣬ȶֵĻԺµӡݲ±ˣ
ؼȻôҲӦߡ
ο˿޵ĵϣǲ˳ˮ۶ѣϵһ
׹һЦ̻ʻϧԼë
ֹѿ֮ʵЩʧ֮ڴˣΪ㻹л𣿡
ҮͻȻһ֣ȴҪϹ׵ķߡ
׵ʵǲ֪̻ʿɷָһ·أ
·Ȼеġ
Үͻһ׵ĻüͷҲչ˿
ŶԸ꣡
׿ҮͻҲЦ
Үͻһ۶Ĺص˵عλȻֹˣǲһ簲Ľأ
̻ԼǣҵΪһ֮ȻΪһްտˡ֮޻ҲЦһ
һԵĴԪХ˵ý̻˵
ʵϣ
ҲޡԼΪһ˶ѡ
ڴܡԪȣǲһĶѡ
ֻǾø˸ϣǴǿ˹Ļǵѡֲӵˡ
̻֮ĵñѣ֪ʲôϴ
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żսϪ˿֮ϵɢУһ̱Ǻһ̣
̻ʣϻôʲôֱŪˣ
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ҮͻȻһЦʵʱҲ
ԴһսҲĻ̻̣˭ҲԸԼҵľȥˡ
Ͼڱ̫ԩ
ʵʣԴ˿̵Үͻ뵽һеİ취ǾǱѪУ
Ǿ̻ʰɡ
ô˵ʵϾһұͨİ취
ǲ⣬նɱҲ٣
ҮͻЦŵֹƻƽڤи˹ߡΪڤȨǲӦý
ڤˣ׵ʵ
ȻܣһսҲʧġʧµֹԼĴһеˡ
Үͻֱ⣬ûκεأΪô˿ţѾûбҪڸˡ
˽ҴޣȴҴһе֪̻ʵǲôأ
׳ĿҮͻһҲ߯Ҫˡ
ֹʲô˼ú̸δλѾǶԵˣĻΪ㻹ʲô·𣿡
ҮͻΪԼ֣ӦǴӦԼġ
ҪȻĻֵܵס֮ŭ
ֻϧǣҮͻ̫ˣ
Щ̫Լ£Ǿǲ֪ߵغˡҮͻھһ֪ߵغļһǶÿҴ޽ǿԿǺ̸
ÿֵģ㻹ҰĲСֻϧݲ㣡
صŭ𳹵׵ıըˣҮͻҲһ
һԵһЦ֮ڴˣ׻ҷ֮ʱ
²ʲô˶ƨɺߺİɣ
״˻һ˽һ㶣ѵ֮˵ҸŴ˷񲻳ɣ
һʱ䣡
ɽ֮Ҳѻȸ




4011  â
 

ֹŰʵҪ˭һӪģ
Үͻºͣʵǿޱȣ
ֻ˱ﲻһʼսԼһ֮ˡ
ʵɱֶ̾Ϊֹ
仰˵Ц֮ԣʵв֮öˣȻöġ
ΪһǿޣĻ˲ܲں
˵ڴ˰ףǾпܳΪһޣ
ΪǵУޱǲǳ顣
һԵĹҲ̽ӲҲҪĸ˵ĲҪ
λввˣֻϧǣǵв֮ڱǲһЦѡ
׿Үͻˣǲмһֱ˱ӵĸо
νˣʹǿȨֶεһν˶ѡҴԣȴҲмΪ顣
˿̻վ˳Ҳߵ׵ࡣ
һ仰˱֪ѾǳΪ˴޵ӵˡ
ʵϣ
֮ǰѾǱˣֻҮͻ˾λεĴ޹ʢѡ
û뵽˾Ȼĸҵվ׵ߣǲ֪
칬ҪѡΪ˰
ҮͻǴһ˿Цݣ޵ķ֮С
¶֮Ц̻ʣ֮˲ǼͷѣҪͼ֮еġԼٽˣ
أ㻹̫Լˡ
Ȼ֪״еĿģɹʣ
Ѿ˴㣬ϤҲѾȺ֮С
Ĵս»Ҫ⸻ʿɽۣ֮λܹ֮ᡣ
ɽ
ȻǲκεãǿӲҲǿԼϵġ
ģȻ᱾㳢ʲôζġúõĹ㲻ƫƫҪֵҪƲĴޣ˭ĵ
ʵ벻֮⣬˭˵Ĵ󵨡
֮أѾǴھԵˡ
ͶǣطԼڶʱڲܶ޶ˡ
ԼǷⲻ
Ϊ֮һǴޱǽ᲻Ҵأ
ڹغҮͻʱһֱǸоǳʺһĶģ
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ҲΪ޹İ飬ͨ˴޹ǵġ
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İ죬㡭
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İݸһЦֹʮֵͣݳսң¾ݾΪһͳû̫ķרҲûô֮ˡ
ȻҰģֵģ㻹Ǹ밡ŭһ
׵˵ǣأѵԼô𣿰һ֣۵ҲˡôԼԣͲˣ
㡭˵
ش˿Լ˵ĻȻ˵ʵҲҳϰ
Үͻ˵ֹٵ־Ȼ὾һЩҪһͳݣ㻹Ĳʸ񣡡
һͳǲΪ˱ⳣսҶѣʵԾһͳ֮ûκεȤ챾ߣǾһͳ֮Ҳѡ˳Ϊݰ˻Ҵ֮ˣҲĳţ
ô˵ҲǴôġ
ֻ²ŻŷҲֻĳξð
ôΪԼҲΪ˽ʩ
㻹ǻϹ˵˵ΪҵȻ㣿Ҳûˡƾޡ޻ޣҪԿޣǽ춼߲ɽ
û뵽׾Ȼӵ޵֧֣ټڤһڸ֣⻹ӵżˡ
ǽ죬һ֧Ļǲðأ
Үͻǹػ죬Ƕ֪ѾκĴڼִ֧ˡ
˭ֻ޵ģ
ڹط֮ʱһ뵽˵ĶС
˻ͷȥʱҮͻ˵ɫѾѿ˼ˡ




4012  벻ĵ
 

ɽۣ֮
ٺҮͻԭΪֵܹѾΪˡ
Ͼʱộ޼ɱΧǵġ
Щȫû³
˽ɱһţǴ𰡣
Ӧò׵ıˡ
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򡭡Ǻ⣿
Үͻ˿Ҳɫʮֵѿֱʵ
ĮͻȻ֮Ȿʮֵ֡
ڿ죬һеıӦŴ޵Ӱˡ
쵭˵ͼ̲ҴĮޣȱ̲ˣֹһδˣ
죬ûУֵĳɹˡЩ˶ǱвҮͻһʵ
ƺòŽ̻İɣ
컹δ˵Ⱥ֮һˣ˿֮ʱһĿɿڴ
ս
λԼ֮λ֮ˣȻ
ĵǸʲô
ԭĹʿǰġĹվҵߣǽĮ޻ġ
Үͻ֪Ѿѱ䣬ȻҲڿǴˡ
߹֮λսǾǿȡĶ
ֻսղ˵һϯʵЩ̫ˡ
Į˭νֻҪҴĮ֮˵мɡ̻ĵһհɣǼһΪĲǶҴĮ֮𣿡սЦһ
Ĺ㻹治ǸүǰЦһ
ǣҴĮսȻ޳ռҴĮޣͽүˡ˼ҴĮ޽ˣΪֹͬһΪǼõģ
սŹأҲŭ
㡭ʲôʱ򡭡ظҪ˵Լû뷨Ѿǵ˵أδ棬ȴʹҽˣͼնɱҸ״ˣȻǶ޹֮
ǣұİɣ㣬㾹Ȼ̨
ﱾ˶ɱҸ״ˣȻñݴ֮λͬʱĮޣͼްͼָֹԽ򣬱Ѿĵˣ
ŭȻô˵ɵʱȷЩˡ
ʱҲѾһЩԲߣϲ޺̫á
뻢ıƤ
ֻԼҲû뵽Ϊһε飬Ȼŷ츲صĸı䡣
㡭Ҫ˵Ĵ°
ҮͻһЩɸֵĿŹأⲻ֮оͽĮƸǴ
̻ʣЩ˵ҲͲˡ˴ͨһΪľҪҵȰ
ûڿ˾ҪҵȡǸǷϻôʲôѾ̶ˣȻʵˣ
Ҳ˷ܲѣȻһ𻹿ԣҲһϣ
Ǵ޵һëͷСжĳϢ
ڴĮ޵죬Ĺ
սϺһ𣬿ǲķڷأ
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ƶ֮أʵƽƽҲ
ڴޣΪǸֵ࣬ҲδؾͽǷУ
οӵʱ˺ͣǲɣ
޴ѾǽɽΧˮйͨ
ȻˣҪǣ⸻ɽ֮ۻӵϹ󣬶ĲٿؾڹصС
ʱһ˿ֱˣ
ˡ
˿̣
˷쳣ߣ˼ؾһͳ˧ҡ
컰֮ʣǰѾǹֱȭվһԡ
ͳ죬£һ߸ϵ̬ʵ
ĳΪҴ֮ǻ֮ȴޡȱ޳֮ͽһǿʵǶҴ֮棡
죬Ҳǹ
סͳ죬֪˵ʲô˼㵵ĿŰŭȵ
һЦ˼ҪҰ׼ҲһˣڿͳǲǺܿİ
㡭˵˵ʲô˼һӲ֪ôӲˡ
˵Ұѡվֹߣ¾ЩС˵£Ǿӵ£

ŭһһƱǳŰķɱȥ
ֻϧǣѾ˷ѾһԾ׵
ɣ
׿Ѿ֣ҲǴһӣ
ʱĸɽۣ֮һɱ֮Ѿӿ
˫֮䣬սһ
Ψһһξۼڶİ羳ǿˡ



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