

  
Ŀ¼ 

һءƮˮ
ڶءϻгҹ
ءİϻ֪
Ļءɻ
ءüСѥ
ءҹʹ
߻ءüǧָ
ڰ˻ء»Ȫ
ھŻء
ʮءο˪ο
ʮһء׺
ʮءξŹ
ʮءֻԵŮ
ʮĻءʷÿ
ʮءϲ
ʮءɽ¥
ʮ߻ءƤѻ
ʮ˻ءޱ
ʮŻءȴɺ÷
ڶʮءСȮշӰ
ڶʮһءڻǣϵ
ڶʮء¶۴ӻ
ڶʮءѱһЦ糾
ڶʮĻءӥ
ڶʮء廹ϵ
ڶʮء̲ʹ˳
ڶʮ߻ءɽ·
ڶʮ˻ء԰ѷɻ
ڶʮŻءʱӦ
ʮءɽ
ʮһءˮ
ʮءƴ½ˮ
ʮء׺
ʮĻءΪ
ʮء
ʮءʹӢ





 

  
һءƮˮ 

yзҲyзҲ
ִֽơ
yС
зѶˡ
¶ʮ֣ۿѽ˺¶żΪзͷһ
һȥˣԵĿȴ࣡
ͷˣ
ͷǱҵ£
ʵϵˣ̯ӿҲʰ¡³Ժôͼ˵ӣȺ֣ɥ
ɽۿͷİơ˵
ȴǹƲʷ䣬⣬һšȥ켴λ˻ʵۣǴʣΨһ磬ɽǲǻܹӲдȥɾȫָˡ
үܲ
˵Ƿ磬ꡪһ磬ŴӣƵ
ۿšyСϷ̨ϵʪһͿ֪дǸʲô
һƥŸĻ¿˾⵱ǰӭСƵֽɡǿǰһˡ
ߵĲߣߵĸö˲ûɶ˵ģѰɡ
¡¡ԽԽ
һ׶Ϸˮȶųؽţɢˮϣǿ˹ϡ
˸λҪ˾ƣ˿ͺyźڴ׽ĩպųԡ
ʮüˣǸӣɣӹǡҲСжָûйˡҰԡԣȴڲסԭн˹ĵں
б˫۾ڶ
ʮ£ݵĿͷһɫʿӣŶڣŨüۣǾ񡣻ԼĪ죬ȴǲתѰһ˫˿
вˣ԰׵㲡Ŷϣӣָһߣж߳ڼϣһɫӵĳ磬ͬɫķñһֱӣñǿϴıʯӣ⣬
ʹ뵽˲䷲׵֣ȴһ仰Ҳ˵ݵֱشš
ͬһˣ泤Գ۷Ƽһڳƽðͷߵ֡
żӣС๫˵Щʲôǹȴֲ֣˷ѽ⡣
죬죡
˵ǸϹӣһ˫ݸۣ˸ϴĹǷҲţλүǺģչϹӣôһԣٺ١֤󼪣żϲ
̷üƽһʮˣ˫ӣŹ˵ġ
꣬磬겻Ϣ
Ը˵ݣһǮ棬ﾡԴתȴְסֶ߳һ˫׹ۣͷϹŪһȴԴЦ
һ
ʵСҪꡣ
зл
ֻһ
ﲻݣ仰һڣ𾪡
ٱߣ±ӡ
ԴĺɢͷӣҲ۾
˱鲻һ߰˫۾һʱй
Ϲӣôĵ˵˵ͲǹŲ죬͢׽ȥô
ͷӱ˵ЦȷҰǰģһһۣȴǰһ׾ƶ𣬳ˮƵ¶
Ҳʳȣȵþƣ
һλϹӷŰۣλү
סˣ
ͷӴţϹҲüô֪ҰǷү
ǻ˵Ϲ˵ϹϹĿɲϹ˳ɶżһɣ
ô˵˲ˡ
һʱͷѼһ˵ϹӶ
ͷȴô룬ӲգϹӳԼ뷹
֮£ͷһʱЦ
⻰ҲϹӣͷӴ˵죬ǲóģ꣬۾ˣʮСģοһϹӣ˵һչ⣿ҿ㻹ǳЪУõӣŪñףȴǺοࣿ
ҲȻϹЦţⲻȫŵͷ۾˾͸ÿˣʲô죬ʲôؽ磿ٺ٣ҪððʧʧŲʵؾˣǺηʥͷҲԸͷۣ˵ү˵⻰
ͷ֮£ɫһ䡣
бȴ˴˻ͷƽĸҲ˵ɣ
˵ǸݿͷŨü۵ĺӣһ˵һ涶һͦĲɫʿӡͷ㴩ŵ˻˳Ȼ֮ȡ
ϴ΢΢ЦŶϹӣ˵ﲻϣĹܲţ˳϶ҲԶˣϹӣͱٻˡ
仰һڣŻȻ򡣸Ϲӣƽǰˡ
ԭԱƽϣƼ󣬸ʡչΧ֮ڣصʡϣ᲻ԶϢڻ¡
Ϲɫһ䣬һ˫ۣƵƵЦѣ̧̫Ϲˣʵ䣿ǰ˵ٻѣֺŰɣ
ŨüӺһݲȴһ˫תٴǸ꣬ƺ˲עĶ󣬱˶ϡ
ʱ㷹Сˣ㲻վ¿ӣ뿪
ŨüһֱʱĺðȥŰһ˫ӻصϹϡ
಻ɳӣϲС˽֪Ӳգؾ˳̫֮һ̫깫ұƽˣٺ٣ʧ
Ũüӻһٲֶһλ˷Ҳ̧ͷ
ֻΪ̫󡣴˳ڵвΪãΪĸרΪɲ켺ɱ˹էֱзѪ֮ʹԾ
ϹôҲû뵽һ漴ΪԷ˵ϸֱвضʱ¶һ䡰ϲСֱǵ裬ǿ̣벻̣
֮£ϷһƬҰףһ˫۾ӣֱҪѿؿЦһĵӲСԳ񣬽ģ򣡡
һֳڣַһǮϤɳȻУֱƳ֮䣬һֱԷŨüȫ·ֹ
̫֮꣬ϹӼֹˣһǮֵͬʱӻطɵһ䣬Ũüӵǰн˿ȣѨ֮ߣһֱȡģֱԷ
̫깫ұƽҪȡԷǰ֣ȿֺݣ˿Ϲʧ׼ͷ
ǸŨüӣȴ֮
ߣӭϹӵһƷǮֻէУնһǮһʣϤΪս
ͻ۵һ߬˶ԷĶĽ˿ȡ
Ϲһʮ㣬ƫƫŨüӵƾһϣ˿£ðȰ죬ˮĥשΪ֮顣
鷽שϹӽ£˵ĹãĿ£ֱϹŻ˸ɫƽ
ܣӲδʡ
㡭
һšת֮䣬һѣĿ棬ڳ
ĲУ˿лء
Ϲճ֣Ƭ⣬ӵңֱŵǰŨüӭͷһҪɱţɹۣŨü֮⣬ϹĺһǱȵУŨü⧵֮£ֻͷһɣſ˽ץŶԷȵ֣΢߳߿⣬˶ԷľƵĵͷ档
ȴ֪̫깫ұƽȴǱġ
һڶԸŨüӣʵȴչһˡ
šתӣֱƷһƬ֮䣬ѵһǰ
ϵˡ΢๫ư泤󺺣㶼ΪϹӵٳһ
ϹĴϲ⣬Ƹ䣬ɣнȻ죬׹ֱǸ๫ͷ
ջɳ²֡
ϹӾģ˹ȻѲ֪ǰͼذ֣鼱ɱ˵һ֣ȴǴ㣳飬ⴥĿġ
ưæвңһڳԭѹ£һ󳸳ॴӭסϹĽ档
ǿ󺺵ĳ֣˫£ϹƲ٣һģ˳ĳ߿⡣
һ⿪˶ԷԭɳƽУȴƲˣ˺һأ๫ߣɫΪ
ϹôҲû뵽˷ʧǰЦһڣٿʩ˸𵹴ʽӣطڶ
бϸ棬ȴǰһŪŴ΢΢һϹټԵڶԾҰڿգŰȥ
ȴ˷ǰӰŨüӹӰӰǰӳ֣죬һ⣬ڷɳʱϹӵһǮһԭֱϹӱк˹ȥ
Ϲһֻŷ棬죬ȴתŲһÿȴ㲻棬ȲһʹѳöǮС
Ũü־ʮ㣬һƷǮ컨Ĵ򷨣ÿһöҲǿɹۡ
Ϲһһٿһתݳ⣬عŴݺݵضųֵŨüӣ˫۾ŭ͹ţש߲ϹֻҪڣһǮ֮ͣ㱨ɣ
ݿͷŨüЦһƮˮұƽ˰ɣ
֮£Ǹɢͷɫһ֮⣬˴󶼲⡣Ϲˣ֮£Ȼ˸䣬һط˫׹ӣһʱȻԾС
ȻһЦ
ѹˣϹҲϹҲϹˡʧʧ֪߲Ϲˡ
һ˵˫ֱȣңңŶԷһɫ֮ʱֺֱͬն
һЪҲҶٿšӣϵۣһ·תʧ֮С
ŨüŻعһ˫ӣŭϸߴɢͷӱӹȥ
ߺǺЦλվ𣬸ߺһСˣ
ַɳһ飬һƫУ˷ǰϣﾶԴתЪڣͷӽŲ⡣
Сˡʱ΢磬ƮɢϸţëСӡ
ɢͷȴֻعӣķŨüӴ˸Ѷ
ӷ𡪡ҹ仨ձʶˣǰ˿ˣ𡭡ްӷ𡭡
˵Դ򹪣ߴһҲ԰ˡ
ŨüƵƵ˫Ũü֮£ԺǺЦˡ
ˡ棬ĺӦ޾֮ιҸӰԼ˩ס
˵ȴͷһЦ֮˵֮ȥ
֣Գڣ˶ȴ嶼һ
һλ΢๫Ҳһͷȥ
Ӱˣԭ´󽫣ϾȴʧͣתͶ͢ǵֿȵһƣ̲ƽǰԺգȴҲһ⡣
ǰߴɢͷӣǷմʲô߶ֻΪɾѰζ
ȲΪ֪ԷǸŨüӾĪΪټ˵ȥ
ۿɢͷӣɢɢؽһѷϼͷԸԸЦȥˡ
չͣˡ
һĨƲ㣬ԶԶʡԴ˶ɢÿƬƬϼ使ޣһ˼֬ұ˵һ档
ҶӶˣ֦Ҳ̡һǮӭ߲׻ط⣬ڸ֦ϵ㣬ӭչ⣬ǰ⾰
вݵĻ๫Ǹı⣬ȥߵ󺺵һͷվһڳʣ״ϵһƤ𣬴ϼͷƤͿȥһҪһװʲƼءһϼͷһƣȥ๫ҡҡͷ˵áԸλ
ȴһӰٿסȥ·ȴͬŵߡ
ʱ򣬶һֱھٱ˴̸ҲϸʱȻסȥ·Ե·Ѱ
߳󵨣һת๫ǰ
һ֮߳гһʶ
¶ɲסһȴ޿֣⡣
š
˵Ķ֮һŻҰ׵һ˫üʵ˫۾Ҳͬüëһϸһų˪ȽǸˣǷɫڣȴ˳۶ˡ
λһзݹ¡
صɶ뵽˳ûɽˮȺӢۺúǰһλȴ͸žδЦԲ
ɴóɣƤֽʽŷ⣬촦ͨͨĸſŴӡ
ּˣ
ֱֳֻˣգ漴ջػ
֪Ӳ֣õûӣǰ˵ٻûɶ˵ãȸү鷳λһˣ
˵˺һһ˦ӣģĵ˸϶һ£뻮һĵСסһɺﻬ
¹
۹¾سƵۣͳһԭ֮һͷ϶һӡᣬ˳Ϊ˿ܶɥʧԴӵ£żʣڡ
ȴ򱱾ʡش籣أݻ֮УСҲԽۡ
һ֮£δʾǸ๫Ȼɫŭ߳Ǹң
ƲţȴҲƶˡ
⣬Ϊǰֱǰ߶⧾£ԽһȴǸŻˣŲǰһڶ֮䡣
ȴЦţ
Ժϣ߳һˡݿͷŨüӡ
˶ʱһ˴˻һֳۣá
һЦ˵ôţλѣҲҪһ֣
˺ǺЦһɹǻǷּˣ˭Ҳ֣ɵԴ
ôһ˵޿ɣԱڵĻʲˣĪֺϸһĿˡ֡
ͦһ³ŭǸң
ȴΪ󲽳ǸŨüǰ
λ԰ꡣ½ˣ
˵ʱһ˫̺âӣŵǰϱӹȥ
һ͸òó͢ñˣǶλһֵܾѾˡ
ŨüһȥǾ仰߻ʵԶ϶Ҫһ졭
󵨣
һ߳ǰһɫ͸ŭţǻζˣ
ߵͬѡ
źһȻʽӣһ˫צٿֱŨü߼ȥ٣䡣һʽ֣͸Ÿָδɼ񾢷磬ѭ֮ƣ͸ֱ롣
ŨüԴԷѣʵУݵ׵֣˫֣ڼխĿռѶ۵ӭź˵һ˫ơһ֣Ʈ˫˫ӭһ˫ס˫׺Ȼ䣬֮һбס̬һģδܰסʱźϷϽɫ
ãһԼȵ㵨ҿܻʵۣԼ
ڣԷֵͻˢ߹Ǳ޶˸ֱ׼˶Էֱȥ
ŭ߳һҲбһĲı嵶ͬʱ䳸Ľ֮ƣһʽѩǶ˴Ƭ⣬ͬĳ֣һŨüк
ׯӳнɱ
˫Ӿ㶼켫ˣһٳɷ֮ơ
ǰսƣǿɹۡ
Ũü̽죬ǲ׽
һĽӴʱɿ
⵱ڶ󺺽ճڻ๫ߣԭɷ룬ȴ๫İȫղ
ֻƬ̼䣬˫ս˱仯
ȴ֪ʲôʱ򣬺ݿͷŨüӣѶ˫ںĹףƴ˵еľźϽ˿ƣʮָ䣬ӥצȿչݱķڣáץܣա
ˣǰӣֽУȴռ˿ˣ֮󣬷·˼
ͿŲһĺߣ͵嵶һߣˢֱ¡
ŨüһƺֱԷϺȥȴһ˲һӰҲƵعǰԾֳ˰ӣһ߹ǱֱͦѭŨüʺҪ
˳ɶϰ书ԭ½ֽУһǰһַɱ׺ݶ񣬹ȻǱѰ
ۿŶԷŨüڴ˺ݶл֮£һƣڤһӲȴѰοԾһ䣬
һղסƣתȴѲȱŨüһ˫צץס˼ͷ
ʮָ֮£ץ֮䣬ѪƤ⣬ͬƬ£㶼
ʹһһģȴͬбһѲסûеȥƬѪʱ˴Ȫӿ˲ϢȾȫ
á
һ嵶Ҳѳֲסһ׹ϣҲ˹ȥ
˻Ųһ࣬漴ΪֹסѪһ澪µؿԷŨüӣЦѡ
øɱپܲǽˡֱǽ׼ң
һ˵һűߣһǱ̬Ѳʱ֮ʢˡ
Ũü΢΢һǲ죬ΪϹǰԼֺţһ䴫˵еķٵ䣬ȴʾһǿĽԾ߽ˣӦ֪ߣһ¶֪
ת֮䣬ˡ
ڶԷһû⣬֮ʡôһ룬ɱ漴ǺЦˡ
ӹ˵ֻŶԷһ֣ƾݡ 







 

  
ڶءϻгҹ 

̺ſ๫˰ԻŨü󺺱ȭ
ڴ֮ǰ˫˵һ仰
´ûݲ̴£ҾպҲил
̫ˡ
ݿͷŨüӣǰм߽ǰһ˫ӣֻڰͻ๫ϴת
ɫпҰգ˥£ʮۡǰ֮ңƥһŵĺˮ󽭣ʵԴڣˮ½Ʒ㡣
;ÿ۽ʱǰ㣬ź࣬һë˪ѩȴԶͬ㣬īȾǴ˵ƥѩԡ
˵УθðᣬУӹɱ֮ѣȻڴ˼ˡ
˼ˣˡɵ๫ʵ֣Ǻ֮
һ·ǲƽΣλѿв⣬Ǻã
΢΢һЦŨü󺺲Ű۾ת󺺣ɲԸһ̣ΪΣ
˵ʱԽһ˫ӣת๫һϹ˵ĳһǣȻƶӵĳ°ڿɾʹ۵ý
๫΢΢ףҪ˵
ԱȭȴͲͼݣݼȲԸʾǿɽģˮ°лǣ
һ˵ɫݣʵԷȭһȴԶԷŨüÿ
ҡ
ݵŨüӣͷȻߴȴ䰺Ȼƣһ˫۾ậת֮
һܣףһ˹ˣǡ
ŴϵĶڣŨüԺǺЦˡ
֮£Բ˫ۣղǰȭ˵лԼ
ƥжУֻΣһ̤ǰٵ
Ũüأ¡һ̣ٻͷȴѲ١
๫һ̾˵Ҳ̫Сˣ书ǿӲˣôˣȴܾ
󺺵ͷɫҪȴΪһϸ΢
֯˿ϸСĽ⣬Զͷ£Գʻȵؿڿһ·ɳۣ໥ײö
֣ǺͶãеأȻ裬ȴҲЩӡ󣬼״֪죬æס
ɫ๫ô
ҡҡͷ˵๫ģȹ˵
๫һ£ͷ˵ҲãǾڽ߶ԹȺҲһ
󺺹ӦһǡԽڻ๫ߣһ·ֱ򽭱߳۽
ǰ˶ɿڡ
ﲢˣȴֻʮֻСϵڰߣǰ㵥ʽγܵס˫˶
󺺲üǰѰȴǷĲߵĻ๫ҽ߷󣬹ԭǷǰԺһϮʱֳ֧һ˼󺺶
ǳȴһͷң£״ƴҵĺӣ󲽹
λҪʹô
󺺵ͷָһ¿µƥ
Ц޷޷ִͷȴΪ󺺵ıֹס
Ĵأ
Ǳ߲Զָһָͷˮǳ˩ס󴬣ҪͷϴС
ϣһۣһâέֻ˩ţԷĵصͷͷ·ɣˣȥ
ƲԶȴҲЩų̡«״ΣɢɵĻһǣ޵ķʸͣɫٳɾ¡Ұˣʱдݹĳ𡭡
ϵڰߵҴ󴬣ٲĴֻ
ȴһέϯŵӡ׺ձΪ˶ơ۾òţȴҲ֣ʱɧԵú֡
ˣͣס֣һֻȣعͷзֻ۾һ󣬲ֻعӣĻ
סǰ󴬣ֻŴǿ֣ɵһ˫ҪʻȴôڹЦһᣬһᣡ
ôһѲͷһɫʿӣǸݿͷŨüӡ
λͣ벻ˣ
һ˵漴Ʈ´飬
һ㣿پһס˰ǰ
Ũüһϻ๫һҾֱӣЦصͬ깲Եͬ۹ãǸֲС֮֮ϴɡ
ؿǰһֱ֣ȴͨ飬ϲ˽ӽХһ˫Ũṳ̈ȥ
Ũü΢һתһԣ˰̤µһ˫ǰ㡣
ϵĻ๫һߣһϵӰԿնػǰһֻֿסĽס˰ʶ֮ơ
ô󵨣
һڳԲ˫ۣŭ߳ʲô
ŨüӺǺЦǰ˵ٻλˣ;ĩ·мڴˣӭӣɲϱ֮񡭡ʵרΪԤģ;һӴƲҵҿǻǲҪƴǵĺá
ŭһɺԣĸ
Ũü˫Ũü΢Цˡݲ棬ʱˣȻ֪˵ɫ΢ҪȵˣǲʱǰžƹΣӦöѿǰҳױϣҼ˱ӻһ˵꣬Ծڴˣɾɲˡ
һ䣬תߴģ֣߳ϴ
ͷҵĴӦһһǰִץȥۼֿ죬һŭ߳нһ
˺һӭŶԷĽƣһӥ
ÿۿӣһմأȻڶ´ңӰȥĿ٣Ȼϻ๫¡
ŭһ󵨣
ֱհֱȡˡ˸߱۳ʹнҲԶһΪһʩչԲ⣬ֱݽ
Ҵ޳ȴտ˵Ĺǰһһ磬˵á
´Ҽ״һ䣬Ųһ׹䣬ˣͷϴңͬǰ£ԳУΪƬ
һ䲻ݻһ;ԽԷŨüӵһ˫ƣٺġ
֪ʲôʱ˫ǰαоźϽ˿ףѴϣһʽˣַһץһģһһɣ͡
ˢšӣתһȴԶԷһֻצȻץס˽档
˫ಮ٣ֻۼз󺺿ɾͲԶצֽһӴٳʽ֮ơŨüӵһʽٿԳ̽󺺵ļͷ
һմˣȥ硣
ݵ֮ƣһƬѪ⣬ͬ󺺰£
󺺰һֻʹȫһʱŭнӳһƬΣֱŨü
ȴ֪һ˶Էĵ
ӷ󼲷죬ʱΪԼ˵Ĵңٴӥð׹ֱϻ๫
˻һ
ϻ๫ۿ׹֮Σ
һ֮£ﻹü
ۿŴҵһֻƣճס˻๫ļͷͿ쬣һƼƿնĺɫһ
ν죬Ȼ㲻һ۴̹ǣѳǷ
磬һֻС
Сʮ㡣
һû𣬼ǰᴩ
дһʽֱֻ̿۵ɫ̧࣬ѭƶƣŶԷǸ֮͡
Ѿˡ
ƺǸªС⵵£岻ݴǵģԹˣ
ݵˡ
ʵİǴǰǰǸˣǸĺСӣ
ɫǿɵһϮʶȣȴѴһǷϣһͬɫϸУȴſ̦ɫĹ塣
ӱȵ񣡡ô˼
˸ݣϦȾŵһĨӻơʫ黭ֺгȴʴɱ
ӣβɢŭ«ѩһжڶȴֶоڻ˵ǰ񣬼е
ֻСС˲Ҳ˲ֱԷš
еŨüӣȻͣס֣һߡҲٿֹסϳͬϵĻ๫´ңô˫۾һԾ㶼ŶԷй
мȾѪʺѪš
´Ӳʲŭֿ̽ɳؾһֶ
ȴ⣬ƷΪԷ
ָ䣬СԷɳһ죬´ֻϣֱС
ǿľ
ͷһССȫûһ䣬ѪŭӿֻҲȾˡ
Ӵ
´ֻʹȫֻȴһʹֱ֪չһֻźá
Ȼʹ˶һ
Ũü𾪣ȴֳ΢΢ЦĻЦ
ղڿҾע⵽ˣ벻ˡ
΢Ծһԣڻǰվһ˫ޱֱԷӹ
ӭǹ񣬻˿Ҳӱܡ
̨֮ϣοժĮĮ˵Ϊһλ
Ũü΢΢һٺЦô˵ҲĵˡͿˣˡ
˵ʲôģȻˣͲܲܡ٩٩˵ȻˣҲͲ;ˡ
˵úãŨüһЦ»Сӣ⵵£ܲˡգ
򣡼أ
ֶһ˵ˡһ㽭ֻ˵ֻĹأ˵ֱˬԷЩ졣
ż֣ŨüʣͬڶԷˡƥݺڵһİ
ƮˮǷǽǿͷ
һ«ĽˮŨüижڷų˿ڷ磬ȴֲȻĸ룬ϣŶԷ֪Ѷˡ
ȻȴʧˣԷ֪ľϣȻκ顣
´һ˫ۣҧгݵ˵СװͿĭˣҲ·
ΪŨüӣʵд⣬´ҵĻͷȻֱѡ˴һĳ
һֻӥֱ𣬳ԲֱԷͷӹȥȴڽһһֻţٿֱԷǰüĵ
棬ʵݡŨüһŴã㡢ʽһУɲǼӦ䣬˿Է㡣
һ֡Ʊգȴĳϣһȣʵ̫ƽһָı仯һȴҲһССѡ
Ũüֻųÿ죬յø죬һռʽӣԿն׹Ȼһûеóѡ
ȻλֵȴҲ治Žһǰһ˫צָ֣УʮֱԷʺϻ
زʵŤһӣ˿
Ũüѣһչ֣һ˫ڲｻ֯ǹ㣬籩Էȫ
ѩһƬǰʮצȻδǰ˿óѣ˲Ŀ꣬ոһƬֹ
ŨüӵʮʽץַԵݳͬʱʵʽϣڼǿĽ֮ǰȻȳսȦ
Ũüٿ۾ȻڶԷһһȻڰǰĳâէ£Ѷ
ŨüӾԱȵ˺һһ䣬ɫ䣬ٿ˰ѽջ˰ߣ΢ƫӭŲϹ⻪ãǲһߡ
ΪŨüӲò߲һԷʱӴ˼ص񣬲Խرһε˺һ
صʵҲɣеĽһֹֻĺһ˹ģȴ̺Ųӵĺ
Ͼλһȣһ㷺ˣԽӵսڶԷεĽ֮¡һ䣬Ѳ˺飬֪һ˲ȳսȦҲ̤
صԢھʵ߳ݣܾϣ˵̳ĳȻʵŨüӹƴȽȶ֮ˣջ˫ֻ֣ĬĬԷš
½ŪζУŮδǧ࣬¯֮ϳ˾磬¾У壬塭
һ˵ʵԷ˼ۣи̾һ
ˣ£ȴҲΪԼ˴УսһȴΪ㲻ֵ
˵˺ٿšϴ󴬣һԴģ߳ߣ
ת˲䣬Žģ˳ֱ¶š
һսʣԶԶŰϵĻ๫һҾһԲط˺Բȥ
ϵĻ๫ιæ󺺽ߡ
ȴһԶԶ޹İһȺҲŽжϣʿͷӳϼŻĴƬ⣬ٲȻǴˡ
ϵĻ๫һŲ΢΢Цˡ
󺺡һϲˣ
һʱϲ¡ڵм磬ʱж˵ʥݵǧص
ӰϣһˣͬͶۣתսķᣬܿȴҰߣʸ־겻
۱ǰвݵĻ๫ˡ
Ī˼ɣԭ죬پӸ
ۿӿҰ⣬ߵǸȴʧˡ
ʱ˳꣬۰߹ϡ 







 

  
ءİϻ֪ 

ǲˡˣ
ϵϷʿ˿һֶֻǰĲ룬ǣһڣֻ۾ʮƽ͵ǰļעš
ǰ¾־ɼΣƿɰʽꡭ
ܳɾʹ£δΪͳپĿս׷ˡ
ؿЦһ£ͷ
ʿ΢΢һЦ˵֪ﲻҲûӵ¡⼸ҹ۰ԣȴнǷһʱܺҲֻԴ˸οˣΣ
ˡ
ֵ˽ˬٻлΩǰ죬ߣֱƻоӡ
ǰһ֣ŵüΪɫذ÷ǰʱ͡
売־Թ
ԽںˣԽΪҲֻ˵ؿ𣬷ŵ£˲μѡ
ǰʿٴעʱĿȻΪȾ
㸸׳꣬Ʒ书ѧʣ˫ҲһվһˣôѣһֱΪ֪һθңϸûаҵˡ
ֻţ֪Էġ
һ꣬ҿʱ򣬲ôߣ
һƣ˵Ų꣬һգ۵Ĺ㶼ôˣжʮ˰ɣ
ֵһͷһ۸һֱλѡƽĽĪ⣬бϴ֮
ָǲ̫ңϴҦƽǰԷˡ
㸸ԻŲʮ꽭仯ܴһҪ˵
һ£ȥ˵㸸£˵Ժ󼴲УҲУǻۼڣôȫȫضһϣһҲͿ֪ͷҪ԰ʶһ£پҪ˽źá
عңɽ׽ԭҪ̣һҸӦҲᵽˡ
ᵽˣᵽˡ
ƽ̧һֻ֣µһ롣ָֻ޳žӨ͸޵ĳָףϸ績ˣָϴŸɫα̵ĴŽָֻκνǶȥӦ˹һֽͣʣӦУ˿Ū٣ݪڣõǣǿˣرڸ̳һĽи֣Ȼ˼顣
㸸̫ˡƽ΢΢һЦʲôϴޣǽĹ֮ʡҪ˵㸸ײųƵǸмңֻײ¶ѣΪ
˼һۣƽʱѹס˻ͷûм˵ȥ
߼ľݡ£˭ҲԳϴǿиǿ֣˱ˡپǧɵҪס仰ҪԴ㸸״һ˵ԭˡƽһ˫ϸϸĳۣԷš
ӦҼסˡ
ڼסȴˣ̫ˣ
ƽ롣һڣѾˡ
²룬ˣɫһ
һУб㸸һҲǣһǽӣӻС
شһ漴ס
ƽһЦһϣݡ
Ҫ˵ˣپγ˴УʵǼסֻǸΪܣ˴ӿˣѰô
ĳֲߣҡҡͷ˵ǹȴʮֳɫ
ҲСƽ˵֪βɣƶˣݶڴ˵طǳѲǣģЩˣԼǸӴĺڵ
صЩ˭ʲô
ƽ̾˿γȻû̸ô
ȴֵͷ̾һˣ˵ġˣȴһ⣡⣡
һ˵⣬漴վ𣬲ǰʢȥ
мҲһֱ֪ȴܲ˵ƽع㸸ױܾʮ꣬۽˵ȫ˽ˣ֪Ϊʲô
Ϊ˼ȲмУ
ǲˣ˼ҵĽˣ
ضһ۾
𣬻ɢ
ɻǸܻƮɫĻ꣬ӭųһƬʣˡ
ƮˮϽ૵ţ仰估һ£ȴҲʹضض
仰һƬãȻؿƽȴ仰˼Īǻʲôⲻɣ
Ǳųһ˿Цƽ˵ҲӦ仰ڸ㵱񽭺ʵһڵɣƮ㡣Ҳ㵱һµˣƮ¥¡
£
Լ˵ȴİúܡ
Դƽ˵ɾͲһȻ֣ÿһ𣬶Ϊ֮ĶǣɣȻҲΪ֮Ȼʧɫ
Ҳ˽ɡʥǻաŶ༫ˣԼҲ˵壬˰ɳգ޵УƵϵһˡ
Ŀһתأղ㸸׼ϸĽǴ˽ȾҲ߹𡭡㸸׵ȣΪˡ
ڼ˵ͻȻϢʹ𾪡
о׼Ľ޵У벻Ҫ߹һʱ˳Ļþ
ƽһ㸸ҪǿԴ˴ܼˣΪԼ˳ΪҲ˽Ʈһŵǿʢû뵽鰡
һС
Ը׷ʳ
Ļˣȸ᣿
ǰĹгԼ
ˡ
¸ĸģʧˣȴҪӳɹ
Ʈ֮㸸Ҳ벻ģᣬҸ˵һ˵
ƽһֻɽӡ
һ¥á̳šʮ棬֯鲼£ֱָӽǿָӵ棬һڵ֯ôȻǰδĪֺ˭Ҳܿ⣬طٸҲϢˡ
صͷûп
ƽ˵ȻҲǸһӴڵ֯죬˳Ʈ¥á̳ţһʮ棬ƶһˣ滹зֶ棬ɾͶóҲˡ
۾أر˵·ǸβɣֻϹŵһѣƮ֯Ǹɫֻڵڵ˲֪ƲСԴ˶ƣνĶ̳ĸǺεɫҲͿ֪ˡ
ƽΪʣ԰ӣǷֻ֮ǣἰƮһڵʱʱһʹܹ˼ȴѲǿ
Ѿע⵽ˣʶԴƮһ֯ӡȴв֮Ʈ֯Ҫλ֮˼ȾָΪΣ
ƽ˵ǴƮ¥¸˵ͼҰˣ
ݴ˶ƣȽϿŵʵӦǣͼЮӶƣɹȻ£ӿɾһ¡һʱ죬ºڰΪأȡǵȷ⣬ϽǵĻʵۣҲҪ֣̾޼
ָףȲһݣٳ̬ױɾټƵָףް£ʹ֮˽޲㡣ƽ̧һֻ֣ߵļ΢΢ͷ˵һپĽɣ
ٹش𻰣תá
ģ໥ȫϷʱе衣
һİ񣬴ƽ˵㸸׽Ӧǲ֮£ʹҲΪޣһΰ׺Լ۽ֳԿδĸϣȻۼ˵ҸУֻ¶Դ˸йѡ
ʩΪᣡؼס׵Ļ
ˣƽͷעԷţԽݼھۣϳ˽Ĵҷ緶
ʱ֦ʩһ콣Ż
ҶݻƵҶ漴ڴһ춯Ŵƽǰƽ
ƽ̾һʮ־ȵصо裬ٲȻ֣ӹָ㣬ѵãѵð
ڣϸϸԾѭһˮƽңңָԷء
һ䣬壬ľһҲ̬
ƶҶȻֹסǰǰýˣֻƵƵת
һ֪ƽȻж˴ңҪǰݼִͬˣ̣̺⡣
˼Уǰ
һ磬쵽ޣ۽ƽǰٿ۾ֶָƣؼһ󣬺Ծɿ

һ֮̾󣬴ƽƷɻһƬȻƽѻӳе񽣡һϸϸʵ潣죿
Ȼӣü׳֦ǧ򽣣ǿ֮ƣһԶֱżϻ
֪ԷһǧѩǴʮĽо⡣һἰҪԼڰ֮࣬رע΢ؼ
һʵ̫ˡ
ؼϲ־òȫԸǧһ֮ʣʩչʽ֮һӰ˫
˼壬һޱȵ
Ȼ䣬صλһΪڶԷǧеĽ֮䡣ʵ˫Ӱǿٶ֮µһþȴһһƣŴƽͷ˹ȥ
ƽǡǡҲʱתӡ˴ԻùãȫǼٵġǰ棬ӡ
Եһ˫ľżһҲȴǼ̵һ˲¡Ŵƽﶯ֦磬ȴڼϴ̿ѿڡӰȻ׵ĵѽס˶Է֦ͷָǯס˶Էҡ
ƽһŹЦ
ýһֻȡ꣬Ҳپһǵѵ洫򲻼׳׳󣬹
ºļЦʤΣò
̾һһǧѩ˫һǰǷ̣мȣĴϸֵüҸָ㣬򲻵УˣҲһ亹
ƽ΢΢һЦͷ⼸仰֮ԣˣȴҲʵĿǰܳ裬ܲ͸Һ޽ãܸϲ¥Ʈ¥ӣ
Ъȴòһ죬ʱСŻǰ취ȴһ˿˿ͬһ̣ʻնֱǰֱ
˿Уɺǵɫ棬ʱǰȴǲƫУƽסĲ֮ϡźȻһ죬ð˴Ƭ⡣
Ŀ֮£֪ƽһãֱȥ
ȴһܲɫ˷һȫἯ׹
ɲǼ䣬ֱ𣬿Ũصζ
ȴڻУӰһӰ
ȻڶСһͣһɫ۴ɫۣһ׹ֱ׻еһ޶
һƮԿնһǣ𼦶
øƯʽ
϶ĵӲϣΪУռСϣۿ֮أ
ôƽһŭ߳ڲԾ֮䣬ˣŭӥð㣬Ҽ
˶ƵعЦһã
ֻƣԽӡһַ֣зӥֱ׹㣬˫⡣
֪Լ𡣻Ų𣬷⡣
һʰۿ裬ڼ̵һ˲䣬ѻ㼯һƬ𺣡
Ŀ£١ѷԺ⣬ͻȻ뵽дƽĸһٴūһ˲棬ŲѸ˻
ӰȻ˲١
ԼᣬʱΪ⡣
һɾһϡ
鼱Ѹϳ£ӳɷǰһȣʱɢ˵ó϶̤롣
ȴֻıڴѻỤ̃ŨǺΣֱѬ۾Ҳ
һӶ£ǰŨ棬һǰڡ
ԭƽĸТϥӣ֮󣬱㲻Ȣмٷɨūܰ´㣬֮䣬䲻ҲŽˡ
ϡǵôϷסһ䣬ūܰӦںһ˽ֱȥ
ȴ⣬Ϳһ
һţͷ֡㶼ʪĲӣ¶һ˫۾һˣŴʪ˵˶Էбһоȵļƻ֮С
էȻ˵Ŵ˵һǰӣк񱳹ͷ÷Ƕ㣬ֱ
سһգʩչǿռж֮ʧ룬Էĵ˿ա
˿߳һӵһתڶηֱƳ絹ϻ䣬ʱȴΪȻżػӳĳ£һƬཻӭβһڣһɶĵҷųһ⣬ײݶһ졣
һֹ֮ǧ
˹ͷֻ֣ѣ̼ѪȾ֣֪
һңУһȼŵĺԿ׹䣬һ˶ϣŨֱ̻࣬ưѶˡ
ţٸƬ̶ХһֱԺ˳
ƫƫէҡӰεظ˹
ˣ糵ҲƵһת˲ϵˣһͯӰݷֱԷϿ
غ͸ˣƲ顣ٴһѵ˶Է࣬˻Ųƫͷӭǰͻһ˫ָ
Ǵ˵еĴָɣ
żصݳһ˫ָƫУչ˫˸ۣ꣡ŭѪĽ˰Ӵһֱ浹ȴΪصһץסָ˶Էǰ黨ᣬǸ˱㵽ϡ
ң춼ˡ顢һżʱȼž飬ǹʱȼյĻڣҲû֡
ģȴֻǳ١ʹԸӡ
Ŀ£ֻűأļһʱҲ
ǰǻһƬ޶֮˫žԵ˱ˣһƣԽҲƵ档
ȴ˴ƽһȣսһš
ֳ٣ѻǶԷĻǵľ֮
һȣһ˴ƽ֣֮ȴ潣죬ӭŶԷУ̫굶й˫ʣ˿֮⣬ԽսԽͣա
ǣ˲֮˶и߹򣬵ʲʩжС֮£ƥˣֹסƽ𺣵ͼ
ǰէȻص£Ƶõǰ˺һ˵ͣԾսȦ
лֶϷ֮ĸô
Ъ˵һ˫йٱʣϵʺС˵ĿͶһչ˹һ̫굶ҲٵǸͬ޳ӣüһųʵڲҹάɵԸ˴ڣʵƽǵȹ֮ˣԴ˶˲ס԰Ѳ
ؼҪ֪ȳϷ񣬻ŲϷʪɲ
סˡūܰΪŨǺҲѻʱ
Ϸ˿ɺã
һ趯ȣƽȵ㺣סľѨӦÿǣѸɽ͵
ĿᣬӦһ編ƣūܰһ˹
ۿŴ죬һƬУҡҡ׹
Ϸˣذһᣬ𳡣ȴΪɭɭһЦֹռģ԰꣬ǰɣӳӰһ˵ֱ
죬˲İݵĿͷŨüۣһɫӣǴǰʶ
ظ֪šβɣ
ǰէȻ꣬湻Ķǡ
㣿
Сֵܣǿּˣ
ɣʶ˫ŨŨüëɲסǺЦˣ˷޿֣ٲȻѷǵ°ɡ˼棬ۺ졣ӹ˵ضȻǰһĿ⣬ʾ֣Эء

ɣҡ֣ǺɭЦ
û˸ƴȸ㿴ˣٶֲ١ϸ磬Ҳһ
˵ʱغһһӣеѺ
ʱƽһ֧ƽ磬ʩУѽбƵˡĿӣȴ֪ĸΣԷս꣡еǰֳйٱʺӵҰ򡣺һģһϡֵͬʱ֧ȷӿհѺֳ̫굶޳ӵǰǿֱѶԷƵˡ
ƽʱгԷѻرӿȴʱ˾βɣһкʱУס˴Ľ档žβɣһкһˣ
ĸˣĿڽǰҡΧסľǰ׷ȻһϸˡϷˡ
ͻȻֹʹէȻĿõĴƽ⧳һʱľ
Ҳסˡ
žžȼţҲˡ
ڴƽס֮ԶܳΪһ徲ɽӣ˼ңⲨǸһƬΪȾ̼䱬ܻ棬״ɡ
βɣ˵ЦûУ̫̫˭ҪǸҶһٺ٣մ޵ģļһɣ
ƽһʱɫұ䣬̾һȡ
ģȻķӣǿҲΪ㣡
ɣһ˫ӣ漴תأ㣬Сֵܣ㿴ôɣ
ĿŴͷΪԷѺһ뵽δĿܷչ
һ֣Һݣȴû뵽
ɣ޷ˡ
Ϸͷţҵºð죡ɫƾǷǣ
׷ȻϷˣ֧֮£ȻηɫֻݾɥΪ˵Ѩްжȴſ
Ϸ䲻书ȴسƽʣʱɫ㲣ĳʹ࣬ȴſ㾰ڴƽضǡ
˵úã
βɣ̧֣ŴϵĶڣǺЦˣ⻰Ҳֻܺĺӣɣĳ಻ɳӣеŲ
䣬ֻһŮ߳ŵù
ѭȥӭһĲӰ
һжˣǡڴʱ֣ȴǶжŮ
һ࣬жֳֵ̺п
ô˺ȻϷԵسǰͬ콵Ȼǵڡ
˵ŮϸŻжֻϧһϮɴ®ɽ棬һŮһǳϽ¿㣬üۣɫԺڣмֿΣ˫һڳŮߣʱǲ
ˣһһ޲Żơ
βɣͷƳһŲǰһžŮһУʩһ
λˣ
ŮԵһͷ΢˵ɣĲ¿ԽԽȥˣ½ˣȥɣ
βɣһҴӦһǡ˺һԡ
ۿһ࣬ؾԶվס
ȴһ󵭵㣬ɢǰһյĽϢȻ估ƮƮ¥ĳƮ֣ʾŮΪһӴҪӣ
سǳһʱ͸Ů֣ɣ֪֮ԷƮڵ֯λƮ¥֮£ӦǿڶĪֺǰų
ƽȴǼʶ㣬ŮӸһĵȻ֪֤֮ɣһ϶һʱ䣬ϣԽΪֳ֮ݡ
Ǽأ΢΢һͷ΢΢Цŵù㣬ҪȰѴϷ˷ŻȥȻſƾǴãǲǣ
һڶԷ˫ע֮£ֻõһͷ˵仰
Ǿͺã㣡漴ԸѴϷ˷ˣ
Ľ֮£Ӧһսʣ˿һԡ
ϷŭؿŮһۣ漴߹˼ҪҴƽӦÿ죬ӭϡ
ūܰĿ֮£ݺؽϷˡҲӭͬƽ˫˫ס
һΪǰԣӪ
ŮһЦ˵øԶŵľӣ
Ъǰ쵽Ըӣһѵ˼ǰ
ضȻһ˺һƴһȴֻԷһ˫¶ɴ֮ϸϸü˫ޣǽ˵ʳԣشһ˰ġֻѨ΢΢һ飬ΪԷ֣Ѩ
ԸУŮһֵѨзѰֻһ飬ȴһѭž磬˲Ϣ䣬ѴȫָԶá
ŮһԵ֣ɣתʵƵƮһԡ
߳һҿţ
֣ߺһȻĿڳѼؿڵС
һԵĴƽĿ֮£ɲסһӦȴ֪ϷһҲˡߣжĸΪԷѨԼ֮ڹѨѪַΪĸ׼˶
ԳۣȿѨַȫϵڹԪʹڶԷѨַ죬һʱܿͣҲӦ޺ܸΪȴ֪ǰϷ֮µķӦȴǴһ󼱾ľϷſʧѪϣͻ˳죬ŷһ˻ƵĽ۵˴Ѫֱֱص˴ƽϡ
ˡ
ūܰŵȫսһʱʧ롣
ƽ֪ȴ򶨲
һֻֽĸ׵ţڹĸ룬Լһʱ֮ȴ̫ˣָžϷͣ
Ϸˡ 







 

  
Ļءɻ 

ڳš
¡ݾ㶼ҷɣǡᾡǰƬֻ档
ֻǱĸ׵Ѱӵܣף֮𣬱Ͼ΢ˡ
ʱְӳֳÿһˣرѳԵĴƽǸɶ޵Ůӡ
Ʈ¥ӦԶšȴȻ˹⼿֮
ƽٱƽ˵ʱӶ΢΢۾Ŀӥÿ¡ȴҲ֪˵رǰ峺ŮӣǸٮٮ򲻿ɵġ
νһ¥á̳šʮ棬ָƮһӴڵ֯ṹԷŮӣΪһ֮ٲȻƮ¥Դεĵڶӣƣ鲼ڰ˷һǺε
ȸзڣȻһ
Ʈ¥£̲ԡ
ǰɻʱʹ֮Ҳ˵УƮֽ֮нӴʱӹΰӹ顣
ʱȴֳʱ˳ƺᣬ˲ѴݡˣʱϲɴڲʹףνţĽһҲǲ١
ɲĴºϡ
Ϊ˽ϽʹƽŸӲҵġһٵؾԼٳٲ֡Ƚʱƺɶˡ
ϷΪɣʩչŶرѨַѨʵؾţһʱѨ·Խ⣬ֻϧѸ쾿óȻڹײʰȴԹ˭
죬˿ź·Ϸ˻ˣȴ
ƽȻоѣʶԺ棿
ǾҲһȫ˰ɣ
һ¿ŵ֣ƽһЦʱߵôæԼİıеǰΪӦ
Ľأ
һۡӰٿ˷ǰһӻ룬ʽĳ˫ַǰ
ƽһֽӹһۣԼʮԳ¶
һԵس齣ʡ
ܺãʱ˵˼ҵĽҴӺССʱ˵ˣϴޣ̫ҵḶ̌޷ͽ쵹ҪʶһϴޣǲǸ
˵֮ʱƽѾ෽任һǶȣһ¶֮ϣ۾տտĿȴǻĪǰɻò۾ȫԸ
ʱһһᣬڻת⣬뿪ˡ
ƮԶһ棬׷ҪȻ֮ӡ
ƽ֮£ȫȻûб飬˼ڳ֮䣬ʱһ
ʱصðɣҾֻмʶˡ
ڣߵǸỤ̊ǰһڳ˫ַϡ
ʱһֻֻýһ˫ڰ׷۾ȴ˲Ҳ˲ؿԷ
෽һ
ȴһƽӣƷһƬϡ
է𣬼䣬ӳ֣¶һĨк磬ǰ㣬Գʻȵģֱʱϻʩ˵زǧ࣬Ѿ߳Ȼ֮ƣǰһУƹư׺ף쳽
վһԵļأҲΪ֮ݡ
ƽһͽƶۣʵиɻڴ˼жһ壬ôٵֱʤġ
ԵĵɲʱȻĪ⣬ǲ׽ƽôٵ䣬Ȼ˸ա
һţʵԭҲڴƽ֮С繭ڶεĳʤʵڡ˫棬ƽһ
ֻһȴʤ
ƽɫһ䣬ȻȴһʱĽ棬·ֱ𣬽է糤ա
ƽէƣ΢΢һ٣ƮһߡһŰվסˡ
ý
˵ʱɫұ䣬һ両ֳƬ顣
ȴҲûһƳ
ҲֻĮһƳѣ糱ŭѪȴһ˫ŶȾˡ
ƽ˾Gˡ
Ľϣ󴬻ǰ
Ūãתݺȣһ߸裬ǡ
ҹۣ
Ũ˯оƣ
ʾˣ
ȴɡ
֪
֪
Ӧ̷ʺݣ
ʱǰһϮױʹȻǷɴȴʧ峺ˣ֮ơ
н壬Խ̧ͷ
շĴĿõü仪յƵƣҷתӭԳһ˵˼롭ãתѸ㣺Ұѳ߸󣬽ϦֻӦ¡
ȴǼѪ򼺶ĴĸӣȥֱڣʼΪƽ⣬˶Է֮ǰԼźһƳֶȥ
ʹĵǣԼȻҲֻһؿŶѡ
̵Ǵʹķεھοȹҹ
ȴҲǼģرĿùԷɻʱĺּ½֮ĸתΪͷرԼ˿ڶԷϵʱ
һѽľǱĺϵʱͿ˺ˣ˽˺˽뵽ģӦǷǳӽ˭ҲܺһҪ⡪Լ⡭
뿪ʡԣһĿʱĺȻ룬ǰгƽԾ
ҹ˯ÿɺã
ͷ
緹Եúã
ͷ
أ
ǵͷ
ܺá
ʱǰ˼һаȸ޵ʿ
ϣ;ϵӴһܳ·ŻҪʱ䣬ͿԵˣ
һ˫۾ţϵѨʱΪ⿪⣬ģ㾡ҪֻҪһΪ쵽ҵ˼ǣϣ;죬į
̧۾һۡ
лл㣡˵֣漴ر۾ֻһ䣬
м̹͸棡
ʱͷʣ
ȥ
⡭ʱԥԲһ⣬ˡҲش𡣵Ӧ뵽ƮǸģ֯з̳ÿڣֻܸ㣬ȥ֮һѡ
صͷ˵ҲˡǼסңΪʲôң΢΢Цһ£˵֮
⣬ȴҪȴشˣʱգһ˫Ĵ۾ֻǾͽ£Ĳǲˡ
˵Ʈ¥ˣ£
ԡǽ֣
ôˣչһ°ŵĳȻˣڱȥķɻˣ
ʱЩﶯһüëֻܴ˵һͽ̾뵽Щӣ򡭡
سĬһ£и⣬һֱţ˴·ƽһʱ֮ѣ˵Ʈ𣬵ҲֻǶԴƽϽͣȫ³ˡ
һҲ֣
ʱ·Ц˵ƮԸ˵ֶһ߶ˣǲ׽УһˣȻԵ˲˿飬Ҳһ
һ˵ҪҵңȲ֪顣
㣬Ҳ
ͫһʱɢĹɡ
Ѿܾáʱƽ˵ֻ˵ηЩѣһҲֵ֡
ôĸأ
һʱ˵ҸղŲ˵ˣڵ伫ġ
˿˵ˣԼһʱʧ죬ţƽĸǺػšһʱΪءȴƲ֮ġ
ȻˣȴҲһʱ˵Ȼĸ׵ȫȻǵ֮УȴһԼҵġ
زעһۣ˼ǣϵϲĸԼӵ
ʱ˵ȴûԶɱ
ףֻǽ赶ɱ˶ѡ
ȻһϮɴȴܸо΢΢ЦĴ۾ŽǣǻĪ
иð󣡡ؼѹļǲǿϵɴҿ
ʱ˵ҵǸ˿ġ΢΢һЦ˵ġͲʧɣ
̧԰ɴ¡
һ毺áľȤŮǰ
ֻ۾֮£ʱ΢΢ƫͷǣˣ
صһͷˣ
ʱ΢΢һЦԼϲ޵ˣҪ̵ӡҴںߣѾȱ˶ˣ
Ϊʲô
Ϊˣʹ֮ǰҲܿҵȻҲ̸ϱ𡭡٩٩˵֮ǰһǲźģȻȴˣ
˵ʱ۾˸տտĿ⣬Ũϸüëʱ𣬽֯һֶϷγһ˲ӵ޹·ơ
һпڼ裬ȻᵽԷǧӦˡ
Сګګ˵ղԼ˸߸װʿġʿǹ
ʱһЦ˭ôҵϲ
˵õúáøá΢΢̾ϢһԵ͵ֻ˾ȶѡ
Ļлʱ֧ã˵ӣ
ֻ벻׶ѡֻͬ֡
ôأ
Ҫ룡˵˫֣ձҲһ˫֣ǰ߲ɣȴ˴ĿĵѪ
ʱ˫ڰ׷磬Ȼˣȴ΢΢һЦ
ʶȻֻһ㡭ȴֺαأصЦţһǽ֮δǲܱסҶ֪㡭
ȴǻɣעŵǰˣڱ㶯ɱңλˣսڡΪһ跨ߣһЦż˵ȥԺ£ֻ֪ˡ
˼ʱЦ˵ҪΪĴĸӣˣԼ
ǳԾԭԼ׽Ʈ¥˵ļԷ֪Լ֪̫ˡȻȴöԷԼģһԼ룬֪Ϊ̫ˡ
Ҳֻ΢΢Цšʲô⣬΢ЦõĻش
ʱĬĬؿһͷȴҲݲ˵ơλվһ˿Ц̣ϣһЩصĸо
G˵Ľ΢ĴǰЩƮãȴʵڵġ
ʱ˵ѽƿ˱ˮȴһƬ⣬ӳշʱֳһЩϢ
ź嫵ĽˮʱˮӲɹôϸСԴ˰Ƶ
ʱ۾ɽȻע⵽Ҵ󴬣ǰ󣬹Լۻǰ
ӹɣƮӴĺڵȨǰԼɻʹ쵼֮£ʽ򽭺ʾ
صֵƽĴֻһеţСԣи񡭡
ǰԭΪԼʮӵ꣬ȻԼķĪҪСǣʩʩȻԻعͷ
տտĿ˲Ҳ˲ضϸɣһȴҲܿԷϲֻޣ
ɣңĽͨ񣬺źȴܰ͡ǰҪһ£֪ɿָһš
˵ʱѻת֮ơ
ֵģʱ˵Цһת˻⣬ᵽ˽̣ʱ졣աҲűˡһƴתշĳĳ⡣
ʱȻЦ̿ˣЦȴƱģһͻ䡭
û뵽ԷͻȻдһ룬һ֮£򶨡
˼
СչңҲ󷽱ɡ
ʱ΢΢˼ţȴֺЦֻǶ˵Ӧ⣬ΪҪ̵ģĹǽļɣ
ԭرһصַѨַ΢ڲжȴаرڹʩչ
ԭΪһʱ֮£⿪ԼѨʱڷһ֮Żӡôһ˵ȻԷע⵽ˡ
ֱԣҲ¡ĬĬصһͷˡ
ܺã
˵ʱ۾ѲΪѡһһǡ
ķıȻ޳¡ȴмʰĿȸᣬڹⰻȻͲ
ʱһ֧һȣ۾ż㿴ɺã
΢΢һЦֻ¶˵̫ʣ
ʱһЦͷҼˣŲġðɣ
ҡࡣһỤ̊Ӧ롣
ϵٲʱʱߵŮ̡ɫԺڣüۣȴһ˫ͷٲͻȻٶؾƲ뵽
Դ˶УԷỤ̊ǲȴҲС΢澯裬࿴˼ۡ
ʱЦ㿴ôʵŪˡ˵ʱָصλĽտδʩչȥɣ
Ůʫµ˵ͷż˸򸣣һߣһ˫ֻۣڼתѡ
ʱ˵㿴Ǹԣһ˫ãէ֮£ֻһˣʵзֱġ
ȥȡԴǿڱ
תȥѶһڳ
ؽӹһǴƽΪ赣ӵһ¶ͷһ𣬶ʱḧǸпϵ֮
ʱԹۣһЦܣҡҡͷѵã˵ʵעǼ糾õˣڵһ𱦽ʱ򣬱Ӧ뵽Լ³λȻǵúܣ
ػ̧ͷ
ʱü΢ޣӵǲʵΪ®ɽԶⲽѣ̫ˡ
ؿһۣ漴
ɭ뼡ȻһںϡС
ʱѽֻʱһãһҪջھ̰ɣ
䣬Ŀȸᣬżƽֱָһȴγ˽ơȻؼоһ˿Ϯֱָأ͸¶롣
ָоƺҲֻе븸ӡ֤ʱŸоνĽˡ
ƽȻǴнߣ֮ǰʱȴѷɫȻҲĽ£Ӧǲʵ
ص˸һͣտ֣ɷԷһϱַѨʩչҲֻԵȻѡ
ȸػء
շʱһ˿쬵ĸоȻֻһȸᣬ͸ʱֻϸ֣ɭɭһڷĽȴǾ޶¡
νʹһˣʹϳ˵Ľȫʹټϱ仯ļɣνĽˡ
ǰʱʩ֮£ۿȸ죬˱ֱϸˣǰָӣ뻮һǰָͬʱ񣬳һơ
ԭԽ࿹⣬ǹ裬ֻԽԷ¡˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ʱżһ㣬Ʈǰпȸᣬֱǰľȸᣬȴǽ򲻿ɵġ
֪Է裬ȴҲСԼ
ƫһַ̫Ĺ콣ʽȴǲ֣ʱ˿һ˿լϲϡȴǲ˵һ仰ڶȸֱͷ
ɽ磬ֱ£Ѳһڽһ֧ƻһôȻ壬оĶǵĸо
ػŲ̤һԷȸᣬӰΣƻΪ㣬ˢбֱ£һ䣬֧ȸᣬû֧ϳ˽еķֹ⻯Ӱַ
һıƵ
һ֧ȸᣬȴɵһıŶԷӣǰġʡҼ磬ʱ˳Խĸо
ʱƾ飬һַֹ⻯ӰĸĵĹ콣Сۼһ֣伫ڱʹԷҪֳвɡ
ͷһ¿̲ݻ߳һĿ⡣
죬ԷҽӴ
ʱһƣػŲսбɣȻУͷɨʱƤѣֳһѪڡ
ֻ磬Ҫ˽ǡ
̼䣬Ѫ磬Ⱦͷ
һƴһʱ֮ʹֳĳ嶯ιУڵĽʽ֮Уôһ֣ɷΪʤֻһڹƣ˽ϵ
һԱ¶ԼʵڶԷ˷ȻڽĵжԴǲ
ǣ̲ͻغһһʱȻԣֻԷš
ʱһס֣Ŀ⣬һۣͷĽȻĲʩչʵֹˣʱǷʤù㣬ɾʹʡ˵תһŮƤȴԴعԷָʾʲô漴صͷʧˣתȥ
˶ԷϹ壬һʱľ޹⣬¶ǺâۣȴԭҪǿʤʮڸ׿ָ֮£ڣ֮ǰ׼׳־ԵѺƥڶǰʱԷŮʣȻʤԼ֣赭ԶȤζػأʵѴǷ켫زԼʹûڹĲʩչҪʤҲǲסⷬˣȷлȻаϳ
ǰӰٿǰ
һ̧ͷ
΢΢һЦָһĽջء
ؽӹ뽣ʣڰϣָһϵˣسָ֣䣬Ϊ˼ѨʱֹѪ
һֻھ֮䣬ָϵǡôƷ£֣ʵѴ֣ǿ֣ʵھβɣ֮ϣۼ֣ʱŮ֮һԴ˶ƣԽӽϷԽ˱Ʈ¥ߣǸ޵ˡ
һֹס˼ϵѪһóһδƿ浹һЩҩĩϵ˿ڣʱһܣסʱʹá
ϸϿ˿Ժˣϳתȥ
ǰһԲʵһͬǰǸԣһ˫ãĪǾưͣ
ֻܿˡһһײԭΪؼ˴
ĬĬԵΪԼһ仰Ҳû˵ԭָЩʲô״ҲͲ롣Ķ䣬ܿؾͰѹ꣬زһл
΢΢һЦתȥȴڼصһ̾Ϣתš
صԭ㲻˵Ǹưͣ
ƲֵһֲֻϣҪȴ̲סЦ˭˵ģ
һЦԭ˵ֻǸưأ
ü˵ǻᣬǲ˵
ΪΣ
Ϊбӿ룬ӿڳѵ㲻֪
һ˵仰Ǻõģ
΢΢һЦҲͲ˵
ѽתȴֶס˵ĽܸǸղ㡭
ؿһۣʾʡ
ҡҡͷ˵ǲӦøȽġ
Ϊʲôһ
Ϊɱ㡭
һЦ˵ллȴţ
һҪڣŽŲ漴ֹٲĵһȻ룬է֮£ǰģһʱߵǸԡ
һ˫ãòƣֱ׷ֱ棬ǰ΢ݸߣ߽Ϊжѡ
էֻ˵족˫˫
£صرϣŵ֮
֣òϴһ󵱵ܰư֮
һ䣬󴬾춯ɢԸĽŲʮֲִ٣ҡ
ͻȻ״˼صȤԣŹȴȴǳŵġƾ˴һɧԭ
ǰҴ֮⣬ͬСۣǰңһд󴬵ư֮󣬾㶼˾
ưɼȴ̶һٶȫʾһֺ
Ҵ󴬵ٶȣ漴һ붼Գʻȵˮһ˿
ⷬٶȻԭģչ£ǰԼʮɾ֮⣬ὭŰսڴصװ£ĥʮֹ⻬˸һƬ⣬ѿվսʿֿףʣʸҡԴٲȻٴС̣ⷬѰְ·ŹʵϸսƮɺϣһ֣˵˶Էǳƽֲ̣ƾˡ
˫ĽӽһȻƮһҴ󴬣ͣڽġ
ԶԷ״ͨģƬһΣȴǲңδܻ
Ʈһ棬ȴҲƺˣڶԷ֮ǰһ䣬׷ͣסͨˮĽ֧ê׽ģסƵԵĴ
״һٵĺ֮£Ѹٵֿһڣ¡ըĵ裬纣ΣˮĽ㡣
ȴǰһ㣬ȻδܻС
ˮƶ糱˴࣬ɣȴǶ̱ӵơ
ȴΪˮŪһȴŵò죬漴
ǰԽ
룡
ǳ֮⡣
˵꣬漴ǰͷ·תⲽ 







 

  
ءüСѥ 

ͷ̫Сٲսȹһ˫¹Ƥѥ֫ϸϸ߱һӧòĲ񻡪һʱװ磬濡Ρ
һƮ߾ٿУһӣתߵת
ٲȻǴµӣһɫ಼ͷֳֳҼ뻮һԷݣ
Ĵ֮£ǡʱǰ
ʮɫ죬ڷž죬ơԺ÷ž顢ĵľҩ¼ɡɣɽ衢աˮʾʮʵƮӴĺڵ֯µİɳգٷһУ޲ʾ뻨йأݴģȻҲʮδЦ
ʱжǷɻõ񵯽ȫշٲʱʱһһӡ
رкģĸ֮һһſλ
¡¡սԷڲѣֻλȶղԶԽȻҲֻǰλƽ׽һΣƹȻˣȴڵ
ϾʱƣĽۣǧѩƺòˡ
ʱָɫݣ˿Ҳš˫ĿһϮɴɴʼһ͸˱ľݣ㳬ݣޡ
ʱзɱĺӣϽӹʾС죬ССģɫ죬ǰɳ֮ڣÿһ֧жص塣
ӽӹ֮󣬼תȥ
ңǾװˮӣԾˮڱ̲ˣʱڣܽתʾ𴬣٣ʾŷḻս顣
һյĴ֮󣬲пУʱתĿأԵͷˣƿɺЩ
˵£ټǡ
ûʲôǣһ˿΢Цһ˼ûţǰ֣񲻿ϧ뵽ƣ
漴ָ߸߰ˣΪ֮ܡ
ݸ߰𪡣񵯽ȫڰ׳ǰһѩ׶ʳ£÷ȻмϢȴдһϮӣŨףһ续ϵظ
˼ηɻøְλȻǵУʹһĵܸоơ
ȴѩ׳ĺ࣬΢΢һЦżص֮£δʼûйϵԲһ֪ˡ
˵֮䣬¡¡һ䵯׹ǰˡ
೤ü΢ʱԷδţʾҪɫ
ʱ΢΢һͷʱҲˣ֮ηٵƬ̣ǶͲסҪˡ
òظһλ񵯽ȫ֮£ƵƵͷϲҲˡ
ʱĿעˣȴҲɵģʱƫָһɣ
Ӧɳаһ֧ˮĽС죬תǰĺӷԸһŽ𣬷Ըԧڴ
ӽӹת
һ䣬ϴƺݵĺȴǲη˰˸ڡ
ŽǷ𣬰ڵҴ󴬣ʱ춯µ֣ٿബϷɲһ飬ڼһ˲ബհϰƶڵĻ죬УνԧڣƳȴźɫ£ʱ
ָӣվ̬ݵز󴬴ףһ̫ʦʮɻְ˾ſ֮£ơ
Էһܵڻ֮תžɢһ㵭̣콭磬ɢŨصζ
ʱüŶԷһۣЦһãʱǹȻǳסˡ
˵֮䣬û죬һ۵ĳԶԷ׳
ԭԷ״һֺὭһɴͷֻ˵һֺὭųɹ̶ƴһ𣬵ʾ춯
ڰ׳ȫٺЦǵڶࡣˣǲף
ʱɷģ
Ȼ䣬Ѱºһѷڻ
УҰһţ˽һս
ߣԷԹᴩһս춯һƮһѷڻȴǼһ죬Ը̶ʮ죬Ըȴ飬һ̵һɷ̡
ȴµһ˵ÿһŽɫССɣ磬Ǧ裬಻ȴʵ죬ʮĿ
ɫСǿСɣȴҲһܼȵڻ֮״ʱһ̼֮䣬ŵȼ
֪սһο֮漴ΰ¼Ҵڼ̵һ׷êѭָʾĺڽϻٵſһơ˲Ϣ䣬Խ۵󣬳һ֮ƣԷһ֮ҲԱƣѲʱ򶨡ȴһ׿촬˷ֱǰ
վڿ촬֮׵һʿ죬һ裬вѡ
ʱЦֻʲô˲̣˶ѡ
˵ʱԻתҪǷͼ
ʱΪǼֻˣҲɹڴ⣬ǹɣ
漴
Էȥۿս˷ֱǰ˫룬ԼңźȻͣڽϡ
ˮէˣӿСɽһˡ
ȴֳһְ٣ߺȵᶫܱʹ߶ˣˣ
˵٣ٿһ˫Ӱξ죬һ˫֮䣬֮ϡ
߶ˣһѮߣһü׳ţű಻ŷ裬ȴǾӣȾŨصһ糾Ϣ֪֮ڵࡣ
಻ЯУרΪ
վ֮ǰһ˫ֱȭһڶʡٻƽۡɡ󿪣̡
˵٣һˡݵĿͷŨüۣǵմ۲ɣľβɣ
ǰҼʱСĴ𻰣ǰ
˫ȥȽʶ
ǰ֮£ӥҲƵһЦǰɣɣôǼ˵˵ǰչһλֵܣ¡Ǻ󻰣ȻڣʱҲһ
δꡣɣһϺȵסڣſǰһʱҲеõģ
ԳɵߣȴҲǺ룬֮£غһɫѡ
ߵĳü׳Ž󿪣ѱٺһЦԣȴѴ
ɣ£룬Сʹǰ𻰣˵Ƿɻõĸ񵯽ȫڣ漴ٶ˵
βɣԸԽ֮£˺
С˶Կһۣע⵽Էɻʱڵǰ˾߽ϵɲʱĴ֪ܲʱ̬ʱΪ֮£һۣҴǰ
ɡ󿪣μ
˸Աʱ˫˫ȭһ
ʱ˵ƮƽۡԩڣΪʲô˱ݣᶫܱʲôˣ
ɣٺЦʣҲʵ棿ƽۡԭ̸ʲô޹ڡʹôһ㣬Źǰһ仰Ҳѻ⡭ܱΪүٵľһףϲųðຣ
Ҳǣʱ̬ʮɣΣǶˣǿɲںʱ㣡
ü׳Ž󿪺ٺЦεص¶˷үּ⣬Ҫȡңź˵
ʱҡҡͷ˵Ʈһ£˽л͵˵ɣ
С˶ԿһۣڵЦЦ
ɷԵ˿֣ȻˣҲʵʵ˵ˡ
һ£ǰ˵ٻܱһ˷ġ
Ҫˣ
ȥ켴λƵ۵ƣ
΢΢ЦţȻģֻҪͷӦүǱԸԻƽʮͣ˵ʳԣǰͿɳɽΣ
ʱߵļһۣ͸ϵһϮɴԼԿӯӯЦ
⻰˵úüˡ΢΢ЦţǵϢ飬ô֪λʵ
˵ɳЦѵǣ
϶ЦһԲڵ֪λǰ֮ϡ
ʱЦǼ϶ҲͲٶ˵ˡ
˿վ֡
һʵЦţʮƽ𣬲ǸСĿֻҪͷˣ༴ϰר͵
Բ۵ҡԺйعһУүһи
ү̫ˣʱƱˣԼЦ̣һҲʧ
ⳡ׿治С˵ǻƽأһûп
ɱȭһֽˣһֽȷˣƽ͵
ߣ˵úãʱЦˣҪˣǰңɲǡҵĹǣҪǮȻˡ
һٺЦЩǿˣ
ָһĽ׿촬ƽڴϣǴ˵ġ
ܺãʱһЦָԼĴ˵Ҳڴϣܲ˵ġ
С֮£һۣһʱĬ
ɺǺЦ˵Ҳ޵ŹȰѴƽߴϣйĿܿŵù˽ˣ
ɻø֮һ񵯽ȫǺһЦ˵ⲻ׼˰ɣ
ʱͷ˵Ǿƫˡ
СӦ˫˫ȭˡһʱģʩչܳṦٿһ˫ӣ䣬
񵯽ȫЦ߸˸ܣɣ˳չϼ޻ȴҪһ
΢΢һЦ⻹˵ͷҸչһȥá
ʱеĹƶˣá
΢΢һЦ˫ڰ׷Ĵ۾ߵļһôһøһᣬԺúýѵһ£ƮˣһĴҺ˲ңҲˣ˭ҪǣǿȡҲԹ˭
ڶ΢΢һЦȴǰʱ˽һʶ
һƽӥȮһؽĺڵ֯ԣȷѵһĺϷǳƽһƮڵϹӡ̫깫ұƽİ˶󵼣֮СʱĽʹ˵һš
ذǰȻУɴݹսʱ٩۹⣬ҲӶ
ˮϽ֯һƬӲӽ⣬ʱ΢б赱յСС񣬷ŵڻ𣬲ΪǴ־壬ֻǵĽɣҪ׷Ѱ֣Զܿ־壬Ҳƺֻн֮һ;̫㲻κǰ㰲ʵԵ֡
׿촬
˫ţ˱Ҫ׼
֮䣬һţС˹漴ָذһص̴ļ̌ڲհϣתأ̧һʱȴΪʱֹס
ˡ
м˵һ̧ӻ̧֣ʱ񵯽ȫȴǰ
أһ͹ˣ
չһЦҲã
ٴλ֣׿촬ش壬󻺻뿪
ָǰӣʮĳɫ鿴ɡ
˵ʱһԵĽ󿪿һۣ˫˫һ
񵯽ȫһǵأһ²λпɣ
˵ʱСɫȴһȴǰ̴ľ΢졣
ɡ֮£ɫ䣬ˣǰӰէ֣Ϊλɻõĸǰ
޳֮ͽ
ڣ˫ɽƷ˵ļֱǰ
·⧣˲Ϣ䡣
˹ģȴ˵ã˫֮£ƥɡ󿪳һƣ⧼мܣ˫˫ˡ
һʵ֡
Сһ˲񵯽ȫǰ۽ľԱߣ˫һץѰǸص̴ľһȣط֣ȴǷ⣬ԷǾ׿촬ȥ
һֱּ⡣
˲κηӦ֮ǰúȻһ죬׵һľԱը
ԭľǿҵըҩһȼŵĻΪС˲ԴҴ˼ˡⷬʩΪʱһ
񵯽ȫһԭ֮֮֮˺˲ɣ亦ҡ
ԭ˴Ļǣըҩ䣬ԭָȫᵽԷϣһԷԵʱʱһǵȫͬڶԷڵཫɥȪһʯ񣬶˵ٺò
ȴ֪˲ɣ䱨
һը֮ԭѹƣοüװϵ⼸ըҩһΪ֮ʱ䣬۵
ۿŶԷսһıը֫飬Ƿɣһ⣬ǵĴԱȫƬǷɣʣµİشΪ֮³
ɡԶ֮£ŵɫһʱĿ֪࣬롣
ǿҵıըɽˣʱĴ󴬣Զδ꼰ȴҲƼգհϵɢĶǵдʲԵѪܵĶ֫Ҳ̶á
Сԭڱըǰݳ򼺷촬ǰôһȴɥ֮ȮǺţ˵ֻеһƴ
Ȼجоѡ
չɷһЦŭ߳Уֱŵǰ˹ȥ
ʵϺȴҲŲ
ֻȻӴ֮£ǿС
λɻõĸϾ书ǿѼĺ֣Ƚ֮£Կ⣬ֹһأ
źһ£ɶɫ䣬ͨͨͨһȻδվȽŲһŭѪҲ̲ס۵˳
ͷȴǾǿúܣṦɢƮˮƴȥ
ֻȴá
µӣվĵϵʱͻԷ˰ɢ롣
Ҳֻڽļأ
Ǽϸ΢⣬΢΢һ֣ʧ١
ʱη׹ֱκηӦһ̤£ͬ壬ͨˮףҲ
ʱļʱ֣Ҳֻнļز˸ᡣڳֵɢ룬˾֮䣬жԷҪѨƽϣҲˣοǰ㡣
ʣµǸ󿪣ȴҲһ
·⧣κ˵⾪Ķǡ
ʱΪԷһǿ񵯽ȫǿսȦ֮ڡ
λɻõĵڶ߾ʵԸС֣ƮһֻԴ򷢣ֺͶࡢȫλ߽ɫ
ǰʤʵʿ֪
һ棬ʹ˻κʵ⣬ȫ֮󣬰ʮ
ۼǽ󿪵书ʵ൱ǰƴͷϧȫԸһڻν㡢ʩû硣
ֻĶ񵯽ȫȴһ˫ӦȫʩչһӢɢƷתӣʱʱңٿȥһ콣ӰȴԷ±Ҳմϡ
ȻžһµĻνȫһ˫֮ڡ
ʩȫ֮ȴδܰѽȫһЦȻǰ̤˫֮Ӳһڻν˹
󿪻ѣһֵѪ
һڻνƽϣȫźϣʾűĵЦƱʽֱϽȥӲ֮Ϊأϡ
󿪴һֱɫ
񵯽ȫչʾһ񹦣ԷΪʩչ֣Է֮£ȴΪʱֹ
˰ɣ
ȫֹ
ʱʱѻλ
󿪲һϣܾ֮ȫۿʱһǻѲ⣬ɲסɫұ䡣
£һĻȥ
⡭Żһ˫ȾѪ֣˼ǡ
Ҫȥʵʵ˵
ǡ
ȥ𣡡ʱĿ⣬ݺݵضһҪ˸ͲڶǶҪǸˣҲȤƮҪ£˭Ҳסƽո߸ϡǹȥǿɾڵˡ
˵΢΢Цˡ
ղŵ¹ֲǣӦֻǸһ񡭡һοɾûôˡ
ֻƵƵЦˣȷʵҲ޻˵
㱣סһ˵ݷ
ƮҴ漴ƺƵͨǰˮʱûһҵд 







 

  
ءҹʹ 

زûжߵͷȴûижǵˣһɣʱЦ
ϵѨ⿪Ȼԭ֮һҪǣԷǸƮ¥¡
Ǹʲôأ
ʿֻܾϡ߳ݵһʿ
ԸĿڶһֻͣ黳ȡɲߣ
һߣֻԱؿϵһ鸯ᶡ
һƽ
۾ʱ򣬱㲻ػȥ뵽Щ
ˮˡ
һ·ֻ«ףΩ֪ɽ续ʱݡ
ˮһս֮ûͻ¹ʡ
ҹȹGˣ˻ƬƬҹ꣬ʱҶдδʼûĸˣã˸߸裬Ҳֻ
ʱҲûг֣ߵԣҲֻÿ̷µıҪһֶѡ
ڼأҶƺǳģ϶ߣǣסǼշǵȳҲƸżʹհߣҲ¾;ʲôˡ
ȻһֻǱѣʵֽΣȴǷ˼⡣
ģҲѴϵļƣɣɻʱ书ǣΪһ˼飬ȴ£˵ǸѼĽɫµĺࡢ񵯽ȫλۣҲ޲侫ԶȲ⡣
˲ضֻۣڴϣĴ澯䣬ˡ
ΣԷɻʱΪ׵γУģ¡ĿӦòֻһڡ˵ֻΪ˼һˣδСƽֻһĲؼȻѾ¸裬ֽΣܿǶԲģֻȴһʱġ
Ȼδ֤ʵǽƾֱж۲ҴϣڻûһȷʹΪ֮ҡ
ǲǱΪˣʱһеˣֻж
ЩȴҲĺ棬ϸ
ˮ棬ƶûˡҲֻд󴬾ʱӿŭΣһ
粻첻첻䲻ȡ
ﻷʤգƾΣֻϺҶ״캣İҰգ޾ƣԾҲƵˮӳգֱξе磬Ǵ˵еԴҲԹ֮
ƻ̫ȾҰɷôƬƬ֬졭
ſż಻Ϊ֮̾һ
ȴ֪ʲôطŵᾳѣ֮ʡ಻Ϊֻ֪ǰжգδЩƣۿȷ֮޲ͣ´ϰһ˲Žй񫡣
﷽ԶȴѸоٹȻˡ
ǰвԶһڡǰ˫ţˮͷҴ󴬹˸ұҺֵˮ棬ԻϿ漴ͣ
ŷ֣ǰʮɷԲˮ棬ԭǴ󽭵һǰûг·ֻһ徲ˮѡ
ǳˮߣΪƬƬķҶһкڰ죬Ϳȳ̤Ȼʹ˸ܵȻĽϡΩ˲ǻģȱһΪģֻǰһ棬ȴܸо󴬵Ĳȫֹ
ȴҲע⵽еҴ󴬣ԼǰС㲻˵ԼҴȺжˡ
ôĴô࣬Ȼһ·˶˯ˣֻҲͬһǰԴ컷⣡
ܾãܾãŸо
˵߶
΢΢ڻζ͸ߵɶ̤̾ԭ˰ǣϡڵҲˡ
Ҷ˲жȥ
һɫʳˣһƥɫĿһƥȴ˳ĿһڰϷҶȻˣȴӲ˫۾ǸɫˣҲΡ
࣡
ηɻõĸƮһ֮Уְλһ飬ֱԼƫֻͣԸһɽ˴ͣǰжȻзǳ壬Ϊζ
ʵѲ²⡣ɶԷŵƥϣ̲²˴εжڽһʲôˡ˵һѰ˵ȣλ¡Ҳ񺣿ȽɫԳ
һͷƵԺĪʵѾ
ͻȻͷʹһʱΪ֮˼룬ôҲͻ
뿴ȴҲǾ޿ܣͽƮһ棬ûĸ֣ҹг룬ٿȥʹ֮ܣҲϡ档
Դˣһƽ꾡ƮܶӣƮ¥֮ԶдȻģһΪã¸·ӢǷǺڰδ֮ǰֻ¾ΪޣʹγЮľ棬㲻ӡ
ֻǣȴΣ
һĪչҲֻܾԹ۱䣬ͼˣʱ̣ʱЦŲƵһ·ڴ˶죬ƺһŵû׼ǰǽԴϲ
֪ǷҲӦȥߣȴ÷ߵ˽
룡
˵仰˳ȥ
΢һ֮ʱδı棬Ȼ٣ȴ֪ʲôȴҲݶ˼漴߳ա
΢΢һЦڷ˺ü죬벻͸͸
Ҫ˵ȴָһֹסĿڣһɺշŲѭݶϡ
۾һֱ뿪֮󣬲ԺЦٽ㲻Կ߰ɡ
ô˵ɴһԲͬѭϣ沽
ټĿ󴬣ͬ²Ľֲ䣬㣬һҲϣĲ֮ࡣÿһշ䣬ٲȻһ¥
ǰżһֱ˲棬ȴ֮侹Ȼһݡ
ͬѭݶ£һֱ˰ϡԭڸߴһԲʩչṦܷ¡
ֻƮһɰڣв书ߣ˴ͬʱˣǸٮٮߵĴɼʹṦǷѣݿʣΪ˷㲻ʹ뵽˷ȴҲѯʡ
ǰͬϡһƬ֣Ҳһ̿ڣ÷䲻ʱڣȴѻҶ価ͺľԾⰻȻ
ȴһССʱȻ
һϮɫسȹ׺ǵıʯƬǡַɫ䣬ݣҼ
أûϵɴǳЦ򭣬޾£֮һյ˪Ȼζͬ
֮ʱǳǳЦԲڲ˼죬ص͸͸羰Ļ
˵ʱձɽˮƽ˼ֽģǧӨӨ˵˷ôԡ
һյ˺ʱһ˫ˡ
һᵢ飬һλѡٲᳬҹг̣ɵˣ
˵ʱмį˸СȴҲֻһ£ת˲ʧ
ĺ棬ȴҲʣԼ۾۲죬ԼĶ䣬϶ԷˣȻǵˣڳһʲô̬ӦеĽġ
绪ֹɵĹʵҲɱƽĸӵĹ֣ľʣ
ǱڵӰٿԷˣмѣΪԷɫˡ
һȽ֮ϸܿ˼Һ񡭡
һעĿӡ
ʱ˵ǲǣ
Ϊʲôô룿
ڼԷд򼰣ʵ̫ˡ
ʱ˫ڰ׷Ĵ۾˲Ҳ˲ţĿ⣬ֱ
ºķ΢΢ЦţȻֻҵĲѣȻԭģˡҺ棬ܸΪʲô𣿡
ˣҵȻҲͲܸΪʲôˣ
زĿؿ΢΢һЦʼԷŮԸˣְ취һǼޱһǱ
ַʽҪã˲ŲΪԷʶ͸ĵ
ʱЦƳһۣһԺ֤ʵŶŶ˵˺Щˣ
˵ʱ˫ѰţֱԷ֮
һ˵ŵҩȷЧѾˣȻзִ磬ҪȻɥڹȸ֮¡
ʱЦһڹֺĶɣ
һ̾˵ҲͬһӦд˸ܣǾһ˵ѧ磬Ҳ˵Ľ磬ﵽһˮƽ֮󣬱ʮֿȥѰһƥеĶ֣ȴìܵġ
Ϊʲô
Ϊʱ˵˱֤ʵĴڡĿеĶ֣ҵˣߺѺƽֳǶһܾˣҲһƥеĶ֣ȴǶôźһĵġ
һ٣˫۾Ƴǵ䣬΢΢һЦֽ˵ҲΪĴʹ㡣
صͷ˼˼Ҳ˵Զǹĵ֡
Ҳֻüʧźȥˡ
ôʱЦ̲ʧǲ˵Ժ󽫻֤ʵ
Ŀ΢ƫԣԸ˵ʲôóԵģ๫ԷԤȥɣ
ɿ⣬ѽߡͲм֬ҲƵһĨ㣬Ȥ
С촵õҶƮ㣬ĺɫ֯λǰ롭ʹڴҲšˣ۲Ӽˣ
αؿ΢΢Ц˵ֻǽһѣѵһֱˣ
ǵǣʱ˵ǶԸĵˣǺܲпģŶҲпõòǡǲµģɱɱݣλһҲ⡭
ߺߡ
̲סЦѹסϺŭ⣬з֮ƣȴϾסˡ
ӦãֺĸλϼˡΣ
̫ˡ
˵鲻ɼЦˣĴһߣ¶ű౴Ҳһݣ͸һ˫۾ڶԷתţƺͻȻ򵽶Է
ϷԼǸϼҲԼϵģǲԭֻ
Цˣܵ΢Цϵ飬ӣҪ˵ԭ̫ˡ
Ҳ̫˼˵ܷ˵һ㣿
ܼ򵥣ʱ˵ȷ˵ɣ·иؤϣֶಡڻǸмˣͬ飬޹ػ˵Ľܹ˭أ
ͻȻôһʣЩͿˡ
ʱص΢΢Цţɢǰһָֿ
ֻССһȴż޿ɱīݵڼΪ֮һ㲻ذһ˫ƿȥ
꣬ŰĿֻص˶Էϡ
ʱ٩٩˵ؤܿȴԼҵģȻΪؤ·ؤ򣬱õ˽ؤĹôǱֻǿѡȻֻǱһȥоɾ̫ˡ
ʱѽ˵ͻ벻ԭˣ£ڣҪΪǰƶΪؤΣ˵ȫ޹ˣ۵ǹƽأ
صͷʾеΪԼµɱ粵
ԣһ˵ҲһȻ򣬲ŻõĹ޹Ҫɲʣ
ԡȻ΢ЦʵĳϷ˵ɱģ
޼ϼ˵ԼȥˣαˣҲͲӲҪԼԣΪ£ʵҲ޿κΣǲǣ
һƬҶȽȽɫ׺ʯƬĳȹϣ㲻ԽǰһǶһᡭһ䣬ʰͯǶ£ϾͯŮ֮ĳɳ൱̾ģرǰȻòͬŮһһʢĻȻȴԼ֪һʢʻȴ޼棬ҲǿֹͶѡ
ȻﻹиصİҲиĸЩԷǴҴһ֪ľܶϤˡ
ҡҡͷʲôҲû˵ֻЦһ£Է۵ǵһ˵ʵڲܹͬȴҲִ˵ʱתأŸʽʳУֲͬãļʽȰϡ
ضﵹЩСˣ㡢з񡢴ײˣ˱ǵݻ˫һ˿һ;ࡣ
䲻ʲôɫȴɿڣν綯ݻ֮˼һݻˡ㶼ˡ
Ը޾УҲףԡгԺ
ʱ˸Ը¿ӣȴʳˣ˺öࡣ
ϲǸݻ뷢˶еãɫ̣ɽϹζǰδȴǿɿڼˡ
ʱȣ΢΢ЦŬһ죬ʾߵԵΪ
ҡҡͷ˵ˣ
ʱ˵ÿҲȵģ˿ԲԣȴܲȣǶ֪ϰߣԱŷÿ춼Ϊ׼һܺõ
˵ʱѰһϡ
ȴ֮ӹԺˡ
ȴ̶ڡȣһƽȫȻϰɴ˿λɻõŮƽǺεţȴΪ˶֮Ľܣ塣
ʱʱԼҵģĪΪǰĺı֣ɳĵķأʵ϶ԷһΣֱĪδ֪֮ǰЦʾպ㲻ӡ
ʱȻҪдһʶԼҪǣҪʱʱ侲
һξĿԷʱԽôԼ
ʱϸ룬ͽߣոҪȣȴ΢΢һЦʱ˼ôŲͻȻĸд˼˵ҺȻо֪ʲô
زһ
ʱϵĲ룬ȴصЦ˳޺ͶҵĻɡǲ
ؼֱΪ֮𾪣ȴֳ֮ܲ£΢΢һЦ
Ȼʱ˵Ҳǿģֻ֣ΪʲôȻͷǰгΪʲô
һЦ˵ܴ
˼ǣҶоȫȷ
Ҳϣ
ܸΪʲô𣿡
Ϊǻϻǵˣӣֱ˵ҵǰڻȻǰôãȴܲСĵط
˵úܶԣЦúգ˫Ĵ۾˼ӵô
ǰȻܣ
Ժأ
ǿɾ˵ˣ˵ֻҪţлģ
һٵ仰ʱ˵ǲϣҶ¶֣
㲻ģ˵Ǹҽλˣ£ڴ֮ǰҺܰȫ
ӦóƺʱȻ΢Ц˵ǰ˵ģһˣϲ˼յسƺ
һס仰
ʱͷˣֻһԺǲǻܻţɾͲ֪ˡ
ʹԺһŵĻᣬҲ̫СҪȻͲҪңɽ֣֮һ˰ˣȴûУ
ʱ΢΢˵ͷǸĵغϸˣǶĪ̫ҶһССҸ档
˵Ϊڳ˵飿
ʱ΢Цһ£û˵
۾ȴתţĽȻԳƵϸˣǲþ͸߳ңܿһ߳һͬ⣿
΢΢һͷһ˱ԶҪǿԳмˣϱһʮʹ£οԷһŮˣȻȴʵڵģֻóϡ
úܲʱ˵ʵɲءңʾ书ңˡ˵һĻ֪֣Ҫ˵ʤҵˣǣʽˣҲѲ࣬ಮ٣ѾԺ
زȻЦЦ漴۾һԡ
ȻԷŮ̫ô⣬ʹģҲ۲֮Уɵʱϸ
ʱһ˫β˵ô˵ڸ㣬ҵĽڵ£һһĽֻ֣ܳȽϡ
һ䣬ֳЦһ£ҡҡͷ˵治֪Ӧô˵ǡ
˼Ȼ߹ˣ
ʱЦһ£ɫƺͬһһȫҵĳɾͣһʹ¡
ʼҲû˵ȥһ̸Ҳ͵Ϊֹ
ǵǰߣ
˵ţ漴վűˮߵĵط߹ȥزҲƶ˽Ų
̫ѳȥֻȻһЩ΢΢ĺ죬Ⱥѻȸۼڸ÷ϣ֨֨иЪ
ȸܰʱžϣһ֮ǰһ𻶾ۣȻԹ鳲ȴ֪Ȥ֮ٶˣŻԴ
ٶˣڴ֮󡣱һĲˣٿԾӶһϵк첼ĳͬʱУŻɢϵĲˣʱأɳϾһ˸š
ౣͷףһƬư㡣ΪǧٵȺһȴڿնѷɳʮ⣬ٶˣȴǺţֻţۿƬƣһķ֮ٴ׹䣬ϵ벶˵֮С
ز΢΢ҡһͷ̾һ
ʱȴֳЦ̡
񣡡
ˣ
˵ˣȻĿӣȴ΢죬ǰ߼ʣ߼ǣʾֲͬؽ󱧸
˵˵ֻΪ£ƽ˵ĵɥʧ
ʱЦ˵˭˻ޱЩŽһ£һɣѿ˵Ķ֣ƫƫǼƲˣ๼
̾һˣδҲ̫ƻ
ʱЦһʻޣǱ޶һǻԭߵⰲţֵֹ˭أ
˼ĪǱǴˣԶǻŪˣ
ص۾Уݺӹ
ʱȻ΢ЦҪô˵Ҳδɣ籾ģǿʳ棬ߺߣҪΪ˲ƽǿһҲĹ˾
գһ˫۾˵ϲǻۣ޴ϵһУӦڴˣΪޱʧᣬûзݶҲ˵ĲƽҲġ
˵ֻͬһ۵ǻ۹ȻΪϲȴҲҪãλˣǵ֮񣬱Ϊʮʹ޵ˡ
ʱƫ΢΢һºڶ㳤üëЦصƫƫͿһòȻӣߣʲôǼλˣʲôǵǼʼǣвͬĿˡ
˵ԸŸ߽̣
ðɣҾӸ˵ʼͳһﳤǣɱ飬̹˰ɣ쾵˺ӣֻΪһ֮ѣǧʧҵ˰ɣʱ˺޶Żֻǽ쿴۱Ϊͬǧڽգ£Ҫ䳤Զܾһʱǻ޴ͬˣΪأ
˵꣬㾲Էţ͸һ˫βӣʵʾĴӱǡȻʷ䣬ʹΪһʱ֮ҲҪȶԷһ
Ȼᣬ΢΢һЦ㲻ٶ˵
ʱ˵ô˵
˵޻˵
Ϊʲô
ΪʲôһЦΪʼʡ쾵ԶǲбĻһǧˣһҲˡ
˵⼸仰תӣ˵
ʱһȻʧ΢ЦֻĿѣ˵ܶ˵Ŀǲһġ䲻ޣȴκΣ
˵ЩһüëմմϲЦˡ
ػػعﲻҪײ䣬ƫƫһʱ벻ʲôʱȴǸΪ⣬ӯӯЦڳһʤߵ̬
ﲻϵһУԭˣˣԶռϷ磬ޱˣߡԲ𣬱ֻ濿վˡ
΢΢һЦ˵濴ȷˣʵʵȴֲһﵱȻ仰ɣ
ʱһӣָֻһС˵ģˣȴڴ
˵΢΢һЦб۾ɼε⡣Ȼﲻ˵ʵȴʾԴԾˡ
Ϊ˲׽̻Һˡ㣬һĴҺˡˣʵҲǼˣֻҺȣ㲻ΪˣһΪΪ޴ʵޣԷδͬҲͲһʱ֮ʤ
ͬĳͬĻ˵Ĳֵͬһ˵ĸԣȴģһҪ˽һˣһεȲ֮¡
ǰòʻˣκ˼ʹ࿴һۣҲΪɫˣȻʵʵںΣҲһҲȴһʵЫˣ࣬Եƣ
ǰʱǺεһˣ
ôţĿ⣬Խرֱӹȥ
Σɱƽĸӵֻ֣һˣʹԼЭȻĿпȡܿһ棬ãȻսϴˢɱĸѪӡ
ôţֻ͸巢һ˫۾ԽɶԷƿҲ࿴һۡ
ʱ΢΢һЦҪ˵롣Ȼʲô۲תֱԶּȥ
۶һƳ漴Һ
ȻȴҲˡ
ֻһƥɫĿԼɫˣǰԭŵϣȻҲһˡһһ׷ȻѪɫ멵ˡƥ킘һĿ죬էټãƣ
ʱɫϲ˼һ۵ǻȥɣ
ԡһ˫ã֮£Ը漴֣ǰʰʱͬʱ򰶱ȥ
󴬣ȴֻһԲ
ʱ΢΢һЦѾˣ
ףԷָģͷˡ
ʱȻͣ˽Ųֵţô
һЦֵˣ΢΢һֵҺθɣ
ʱͷ˵ȻôͶˣסٹ£Ǻܲġһе飬Ҫˣشȥɡ
غһԾϴˡ
ȴҲû֮ǰһӲ졣
ʱ˿̣ӣһϯѪɫĵ̺ŵݣһ·ϴֹⷬԷѰ˼ʵԶǽйϴˡ 







 

  
߻ءüǧָ 

λĸ
Ȼģر뵽˷
ƥ֮һǸ׷µˡ˭
ڻƶ֮Уǰн
ط뿪˴齣
ƿȣӭ硣
ģҹʱ֣һ½֯ӺԵ£󴬱ƻԻͣӳ΢вˮϣէȻǴˮϵһɫ¥
һ̽ĳ嶯ȴڿסԼ̤һ
ʱ򣬴һطˡ
Ȼǵͷˡ
ѵνƮ¥Ǳصطֻ֪Ǿϡ
һɧ£Եú֣ȫֹ
ŴŲֱǰ
֪кԼˡ
Ȼߵƿֳһ˫á
һԲֻ۾š
վطˣ
Եһͷ
Ʈ¥
ŮԿһۣ𻰣֪棬漴վⲽ
ԣһǰһ漴ⲽ
ȴֻһĨ죬ѰȾʮֽģȴһͱڣҲ෽ֱγһ޴ʯĹεǡô
ʮҴ󴬣ʽһģǰȻͣڸĹȣǻۣһƣȴڴ׳ɢһġ£էȻĿĿ
δѣͬŶŮ̲ϰߡ
˫ãַǱѰš粽ֹʧݣǿش˿Ϊ˵˰ѨʩչȡʤҲͲĴ롣
ǰںһ̤ϷȾİߣǰеǿݣмһת˼תģǰȻ硣
һƬɣΣʯǲ䣬߰ٴ죬ܣԺϷƵɽҰһ䣬ɾ
ǰеٶ죬زԾҲӿ˲һУѲ֪뼸
ȴһļֱڶǰӭŽʯ㣬ǡ봩ֱ֦µ⣬̳һȤ
غȻվס˽ŲУͷʱ֪ãȻһƬãã֮С
ǰ龰ڶԷ֮УһɲסΪ֮һѲ۲죬·תһƬᵱǰ
ȴСһʮ¥󣬴ǰȷ֮䣬¥ʽһл޲ɫȤڴһϵеľɽȴΪһᴩԶԶȥһǧɺ۾ھ̲֮䡣
಻Ϊ֮Ȼ׳ƣŵǶԷڣνƮ¥Ʈ¥ˡ
ǰеȻͣ˽Ų
ǰһİ˽ͤоһڣײԿк
ǰһײײȥȴֻǰӰһһףŻ£ձˣǰ
ÿ죬һ󣬻·ȻУѵ
է֮£ԺһִĹػһ׹
ձ˱һȴһ˫ۣݺݶأһŨصĴô
ڣǰһָצֱؼץ
һƫҡͷ˶Էָ
ձߣִǲһʽศΪơǰһʽգٹʽϣᷭ˦İǰƣżǰ
ʱһɾֱǰ
һͻᣬ˫Ļӭۣסơ
ձ˷ƣʩչüȿֺݣӭӵȴҲ
ؼڣӴʵƴ
ǰձȻ֪ԷѨ⣬ޣҪǿ˿ʾһԵΪ֮һԼͬط˺С
ձ˳һŲƣȴѲ
ձ´Ϊ֮һ£촽ǺһѪ
׹״һƫͷ߶Ůģƴɡ
˿ڵѨ·ΪַŲģַˣ
ձ׹һͷѹˣŮ£ֻһѪѣˣǻȥɣ
ԸӦһ׹ʩһ漴תȥ˼ȴͣ½Ų̬мֱߣ鲻ԽػعͷżؿһۣĿﲻϧ
׹㻹£
һ죬æҡһͷ˵ҡλ๫˲أҺȻİ˱ɢҲá
׹ĿŭɫȴЦİ˱ɢһõģѵܵɣ
Ӧһ漴ǰһȡһ˿ңóһССƿ˫ϣ׹ӹһۣЦҲȱùͲˡ
ګګ˵ûйϵͷҲ̧תȥˡ
뿪ӣ͸ۿŶ˽Ų̤һƾȵһת˼תʱŮһͷȻһԺ䡣ٻһƬ貣״İš
һſ֮󣬱ʧ
ⷬ龰̳˿ɹΪ׻аʵȻ
ȴ֮ʼѿأ¥̨ͤСˮڻľʯ㽨ãϵͼֱͣһᾭϸĹ۲֮ԽӶ϶ͥ԰żΪӹԣǱ̨ͤ¥ƣϤݵԼˣͨУԼȻʱˡ
ô㣬ΪɥֻǰԷձ׹ļ֮£һĮģӡ
׹ٺһЦʱǰѾͷƽʱǵѲ벻㾹Ƹ࣬ƿ˱ɢϵ˾ƣһ𣬷ɼЧֻٷһҲ͹ˣԸ£úٻҰɣ
һԵصһͷҩƿ
ϣһУеˣǵһ棬ʵ̸ʲôꡣ
ǰȻԷ׸֮ܲ⣬ƬأǶԷƮصƮ¥ڣҲǶԷڡǰ뻢ѨνΪޣΪ⣬δһеһУԼʵȫȻҲֻһһˡ
ԽΣԽҪ侲򶨣һ㣬Խſ˳ȴҲδ˰ڲҪԼĽ侲ŵýһԷ
Ǵˣ˶Է͵ҩ
׹δȴҲ֪ܲΪƮ¥֮ˣ̳ʱһУǹΪ൱ֻ֣֮Զ乧̬֪֮ܲһߡ
׹һ˫ۣ̣书ڷŴҴһжʱ¶š˵һǿ󾢵Уӡ
ڼ˵׹ȻҲԷΪʱЯ̳ǷѨ·Ϊʱ⣬ȴܲʾӲԼһƣ˵һúӣ˷ǣͶãһʱ׹Ϊ͡
һ䣬׹һ˫ۣڶԷתռģ֪ʲôط
ؿһۣ
׹ٺЦʵڸɣƮ¥ڣطһطϽѰǲġ
صͷЦ˵ҵдһˡ
׹һЦ˵ǿҪ컯ˣˣΪϱߺߣȴ׶༪٣л˵Ҹɣ
˵գתӣǵػس̤ϡ
ظಽ
׹¼죬ת롣ؼϣŲٿȻ⾰һģȴֻ¥̣һӣһ״ߵĳȹᴩ䣬ݺСȥǴ۸ӣԹþʲôƣϷǵСǿǣ˼Ҳѡ
ѴһƿУزԾģԷǸˣȻδüֻӼơ֣Ȼѿ֪ǸԼУ׹˵׶༪٣ȴô񣬺Ӧǡ
׹ٺЦСѣֲֲþʱҲƸŴΪˣϷŲҶ㵡صΪ˸徲ȴҪˣ
˵ʱһĲ˸ļʽ
һȴ׹һƲתǰߺˣһ仯ಽվ֮⡣
ⷬڼԾ
Է׹ƺѧ޷ּڻӾʹԭѾ۵ƣθӶѡ
΢΢һЦһѭһȷλƼԷһ١
׹ӷվȴǰǰƳԾ֪СȻǱȵУʱ˳ԣҲͲٹŪ顣
£׹漴չշ̫ʮʽһ·һֱվŲٿȻಽ˿
ã׹һԽԷ˼ۡ漴ǰָˡ
̧ͷʱֻǰͷһεĺɫʯţдصֲ龰Ϊġ
ˣ顣
׹һ·ǰʯɫŵǰǰҸԾһ״ʯޣϷŲεһңŰڻӳŽȾһƬ۵Ľơѣһ¡
ؼ֪ڶԷ֮Уپ㵣׹ǰһ̤¶š
ԺӲȴȫлռ
СС䷿ᣬĨ䣬Իܣ²һ̫ʯزéͤҲ࣬һֻè߾ϣէһֱһš
˲ͻһ֣һǷССéͤԣиˡ
ů
бͤɹ̫ſײһ°ֱ֣ˣϴǽྻӶûС
ȻèŻֱ
⣬һŵİײֳ˴һŰ
׹һƺȻ𣺡ôˣ
ˡ˵һЦ¶ɭɭһݡ
һ˵漴ӣéͤ
̫ˣò۾ţȻǰļأһ
ףǣ
׹Ȳӣһߵߣ߰ɡﲻͣĵط

ЦЦŪȴһϴѣȴǿ˼ۣΪ׹ư˳ȥһǽ֮бԺƵĿһ飬˱Ǵ뿪ġ
¶һͿӣ¿ɲһ֮ڣηϷһ䣬Ų
׹ȥıӰҡҡͷ̾˿漴ŹϣŻ߹
ؿ֣ȴҲʡ˼£
׹
һɫĺľҾߣȴ̳źʶȵ˿ӣһɹؾͺˡ
׹һЩĹأԼӦע
һƮ¥ڣƣǾר˽ӴϽ˽жв㡣
Ǵ֮һо԰η䣬ȡʱľ
סֻһ˶ӣһʳר˴㣬ƽջΧ൱ǰԺΪޡ
ܽᣬ˼ǣ⵽һеһУδĽֹȴԼ԰
ֻһԵš
׹˵Щ뿪
̲סһȡ
ͷعӵʲô£
Ϊͨ˵һ˼档
׹ٺЦҡҡͷ˵ǿɾ˵ˣɲ㡭ɵúܣΥͣ鲻ѡ
˵ȻסڲԣǺȻ쵽Լ˵˻̬Ρ
ɿһתΪЦżüʱһüʱ򣬼Ҳûãڿɲʱ򡭡֪Ϊʲôɣ
Ϊʲô
ղѾ˵ˣ鲻ѣҪȻڲҪĺá
˵תȥ
ǰųһĿ׹뿪ıӰѭֱһǰѵͷһԣһ˼һһת˷Ų
ԷѰȴҲûӿĿ۲죬⵽ԷµĲȻ漰̫ҡ䵱֮ڽȻͬһ¯һֽȻͬҵĶ
ĸˡ
֪ʼڴ˼µ˼룬˶ʶǱޱ塣
ǣȴĨɱֲĶǱڵĳޣò븸׵־Լʱƽһʩ֮ĺݶַ񹲷ߣԻ⣬̸ף
һ죬˼άж˹ȥ
ʱ֣˸ͷˡʮ꣬СϴһϮ״ķʴ£ǰĲλһʢõ壬ȻǴڴ˼ĳһײı־¡
Գˣ˵һһ족֣鲻࣬书ȴЩס
سԷͤţʯӲƫšһеģͷϲŲŸ˺̴ϼڳϼ䣬һ˺ǻȴаۣ˺ֱˬһ͵ˡ
һİеƵûˣǰʶֲһˣȴܿǰʱܽӴΨһˣЩϸ
ˣʰĵ˫ƿ˵ϼ仰ˡ
Թˣ
Թˣ
̺ռܺóԣģ
첻ˣЦ¶˱Ѭ÷˵ݣǲʦģ첻Լֻݣ
ݣ
ɣֻֻصرһ¡
ⶫɺóˣֻɶóԣ
صͷʾ֪ˡ
һʰŪһ볢֪ˣŪƣ٣úأ
Ũصǻػеϰߡ
ʱӣҪ뿪ĵȴֻعһ˫۾ӣֱֱضʣգ
򣡡
ǵҵĿģǲǣ

ǵҵĲˣ㲻֪
һ˫۾ü󣺡㡭ѵģ
˵˭ˣ
ףǵҵĲˣ㻹֪
һȻ׹
ҲˣɫֻȻһҡͷŪˣŪˣŪˣ㡭㡭
һ˵ݺݵԼһƣʧģ漴ӣһԲˡǸ˭Ƶģ֮ʣݺݵش˷ţॵһ
⼸֮ԣʹüʱ򣺰ԭô£
Ʈ¥²ˡ
ĪֺԼȻȴٳٲӼԭǲˡ
ʹ뵽;ͣӭӵǸˣ˵ǸƱһ¡ؽӴˣܱܿ˶˼ǸĴµĲҴҶ˿ǱѰνһҽֵѴ֢ˣǵȽܳһ⹦ɵòȴҪͶҽΣֻһѿ֪ϲ֮󲻼ˡ
ôƮڶɻʱĵȻҲйˡ
ҹ
װһƬҲһյǱ⡣
ڰǸǰ岼ܵĴƬ̨ͤ¥š
ռ֮ϸĹ۲죬ЩءǰйȻ£ȴȫȻ׽Լܵ跨̽ԱҪʱ֮ȥ硣
ȻȴظԼвʧ֮⣬ΣҲֻǰŵȴԽ׳֮⡣
ҹԽԽǰ̨ͤ¥Լ˸ڣԵտһǶէ֮£Ϊһ壬ӳĵȤ
ͻȻĸоʹΪ֮һ漴תӣͤס
һǺƷ£һ㳣һ֮ڴаԺǺ㲻ڴ˵ܹϵ׳ѬգĿȾȻȻҲ൱ɾ͡
һǶ֮ϡ䣬ʵɳй໥Ϣʢ˥ݾ̣޲˲ãأϣϢϢأΪ
ۼѧʣҲˣʹˣ֮ÿ֮һߣҲǲףۼĵãΪ֮ãΪ컯֮һˡȻܿɹˡ
ڴ˵Ȼ̸ʲô߳ѧʶȴ⺺ӣ侲ϸĵ֮£һҪзʽչ
ǣǰƮͷɢĴƬ¥ᣬ֮¶ԳƣڤڤомְгȤǣһᴩػسȣǱҪĹؼ£һ״ľǡͼܽڣǴһȻƵİڡ
ؿ϶裬һʹ֪ؼԴȻãѧ̫ˣǰȻΪԼ֪ҲֻڵȻȻ֮תҪһٿͨԶ
ˣаûڣͥʱ븸ѧÿԴѧ£ȱʵüֵ²⣬¹ؼ֪벻֪䣬˹ȥʱ֪䲻㫶Ϊƣ̡ʱѲǸڴˣܵһָ㣬ҲòǳǲţĪӣ
ȴһɬһΪϹɬͻأէ֮£ڴ˾ҹмɭ
һ֮£Ϊ֮˸ս
ߣһǽ֮
ɬȴʧһ¶仨Сʵ̥ڵ˼ġ䡷ֻ֪˽Ѳࡣ
ʧֹȴڴ˪ҹɫ֮£ذһӰȰǽͷ
ҹ¿ﲻ壬ȴûӿӾ֮£һƳ֮䣬ѾԷӰͬһϮ°׳ʵİռ׹ѺͬԼʱͤҴһǸˣʱ渲ײͤɹ̫׹ƺΪԼ۾ǰ⧳Ĺֿͣˡ
˼֮䣬ѵڶΰ
գݳ԰еĴ̫ʯϡ
ŶԷӰƵƮ⣬ڳ֮䡣
ʱ˿̣ͺ˼˵ĴڣȻҲͲλԺͤ￴һۡ
رܵذһһ֮ͤ
ˣƿʱΪԷ֡һƹ⾡ϨԭǺڰһƬ԰ųһѵƣ˵ǹȻްȴʮĿ
ƻΪˣ˴󷢱һתƳ輧ϳ£ͷɢͬӣƣƮڤڤеϿ
ռԴ˵Ĳ˽⣬Ǹǲķӣ֤֮ǰ̬ˣмơ
Ȼؽһ۲ʱΪԷ̬ʮ𾪡
Ƹֹˡ
˴ˡ
ŪӰ˼䣿ǰƿˣڴ£˴󷢡
ԽתԽ죬Խ̤ԽһĶ֡ۡ޲ڿٽ֮Уһͷ˦ʱм̬һ䣬ػˣڴȻսҹĴһƬ̡
ؼۡ
˵ʵ̫ˡ̫ˡ
ȻʹģڶԷĶ貽ǡ׹ЩĶȫˣʵȫһĹ֮У仰˵һֽܳ˵жԵĶֽһʲôͻȻķ֣ʹüضȻΪ֮һһ󼫴ļᣬһ۲ʱȻ
һ˿
ȻֻһΪ΢ȴʹȻΪ֮һǸˡȻҲԾˣ貽ȻΪֹ֮
һӰͬĿ٣Ʈֳ
ȵǸˣ׷ձȴǼϤġλƮְλ׹ռ䷽żȻҵˣſɺ£һȻȶ֮ˡ
ҹˣȥ˰ɣ
׹˵ǰȥҡ䣬̬мֲ͡
ȴ˦ˡ
׹˵߰ɣ߰ɣȥҡֱˡ
ζռǰĺ˵ˡ
ֻۣݺݵ׹ţǲм̬
Ǻǣ׹ЦֲˣһεĽѵ
»ãһ֮𣬶Ȼðɣһ˫ӵɵùԲ׹һȥ
׹Ҳˡ
ô£
һֻǣ֮ǰķΣֱͬն
ѽ׹˵˳Ǻˣȥ
ҶӦһͬʱǰŶ˸첲Ӳϻȥ
ȴû뵽һ˳ܵĶҹȴǲѱַŰ±ߣ˫˫˳ȥ
ˤûᣬˤȥԶͨĵƶˡ
Ӵ
лţɾҲ
׹ٶһһѵ˶ߣô£ִˣ
˵ʱ׹ſֻ֣ȻƣֱŶԷ
еļؿ׹ַǱѰֳֻƣƽʵȴڼһֻ˫վļʽ֪ڹ򣬶ǰļʽһ˻ˣֻ¹ͷҪɢˡ
ԣ׹ڼǿнԷƷֻһѱ˵Ķҹȴһ̬ΪʹЮˡ
׹ʵָݵ˫֣ۿץס˶ӡ
ȴ֪ôһΪѿˣһ߰ĻתӣһӾﵽһԡ
ѿзǳ֣֤֮һȻ顣
Ҳѿʩչֹ򡪡ڼʮϳ˵ǰʮ֮һһˣܲΪ֮һ
ⷬȻʹóֵ׹ҲΪ֮һٺһЦ
һĿӣֵֻڶʩչڼһŶԷϼ
һӼ˸š
ۿŶʹһһͺ׹飬ָֻڴҼ֮£״ʹ࣬һİʹһʱӾʹ࣬α
׹Цˡ
ôţǹԹԵظһȥɡ
ȻôЦţֻϵľȴѡ
׹ߣ˳۲ݺڵѱƮ֮⣬ٲһˡ
żȻշίΣƹƮһ˵䲻ǸͷȨСƮһ򣬳ļ֮⣬޲η֣ƣʹĿһУҹҲʧð
ۿŶӣֵֻʩ֮£ֱΪ׹Ȼÿ²飬ҪԷ׿Ĳɡ
ȴӲúܣǲ˵
ٺ١׹ּ˼ֻҪһͷҾͷſ㣡
޴л֮£һƬͳϺɫʱᱬըƺûУֻʣ´ķݶ
ؿΪ֮ģʰʯӣ
һϷԵı仯һϢĶֻڿлţǰĵ׹˶ɿһ˫
ſ죬Ȼ䣬ӿʼ䶯ڼ֮ܵ£׹ڶԷߵ맾ơ
׹һԾС
һ֮£ֻȻʩչȫмҡ
˼飬׹ļ֮£ȴȻΪۿݹ֧ĶһƵģȫ˶Էơ
ٶȾϾȻѿˡ
Ŷ
׹һӺһʮ־ȵӣԷƵƵѡ
ʮƣشϢţһߣҲ׹š
ʱʹȫ֮ҲԷʩչ
һվţһţֻǻԿŴ
ϰʱ䣬˭Ҳû˵һ仰ֻǴѡ
ؿóԾ治֪˫ˣ
أɵϻվתȥ
һ־磬漴 







 

  
ڰ˻ء»Ȫ 

ʱʱ΢͸롣
˯ϵļط·Ӧ۾һӰǡʱԸ߶׹ӳ
İɴӣ΢صĳƮ
ɴ֮⣬ʢкġССԺ䣬Ը߶
͸ɴؿ
ڣѾϳ˭

Ǹֵˣ񲣬ٿȥܵԼʲô
һ漴ִһͷ
ȻڴϣҲһ¡
ۿŶӣһƬҶƮһ䣬ѽ뷿У˳һˡ
˫ľ֮
֮ڣؼʹ춯һʼ϶˶ԷˣǶˣĵӦòỳж⣬Ҳû̫ţֻʵ׼ȴҲӦ
ԷҪͼ죬ѾͬķλɹҪʱԿڶԷǰһ䣬ȻҽţߵԷüҪѨ
ȫ࣬ûֵ˼ֻԲһ˫ݽ۾һֵԷš
ȻռǴţ°ɫһϮִַʣݵ𪡢㲣ӡһڼ۾һ䣬ȫӳ
Ȼһ
ȵȷزû󣬲վϷԵչЦգ¶˰ɭɭҲƵһݡ
˫ԲٱֳĬ
˭ֱֱԷţ֣
ȻЦһѣҲƵǴȴᣬǸǱ
һ䣬ؿЩͿˡ
⸱̬飬˵˶ԷˣȷǾ⣬ڲҹκ¶
ֻǣȴܴǵת߹ĵߣӳɫһ赸һǲ֮óģ
˰˼⣡
ͷƵƵţôЦ̬ӣһ红ͯ棬ֻȻѲᣬ͸һƻ˵ĳֱжϳ굱Ѯ¡
ʲôһʹֻԭˣ
ϣضһ֪ҲԽ˶ޱȺ档
һЦһţƵƵָţ˼Ҫȥ
ؼŪͿˡ
Ϊʲô˵ǵ˵ģһȴֱưˡ
٩ƵģһЦӻһݣԴ⡣
ƷչˣƵüطǵҪһ̽ɣ°Ծ𣬽ѭŶԷӣֱ
˵Ѩ·⣬ͨʩչȴް
ܸ˵ЦţȻԾˢǽͷ
æҲǽϡ
һݣִ˳ȥṦѣһڣɿ⣬ҪգԼزѣֻǽȴԴﵽ
һݣҲֻԶ
ӷ£ֻǰһתԾͷѲʱ֮·ʹԼסǴ¥ҲʧȥӰһ֪׹Ʈõ֮СһʱάȣΪѡ
ԺڣǰӰէȴЦվڵǰ
ˡ
˵˰䣬Цţжֻÿ첽ϣǰһҲǰһһǰһβӡ
Ҵ壬һУѰʮ⡣
ضԾһݣ˫ƽӥѧಽһԾһ䣬վ֮󣬲ŻȻһǰĻصԭĵط
Цţֳʮοģ
ˡ˵ڽ֮ɣ
ЦͷһԲȻԶָһָ
ʱԻɣǰ뵱ϣʱ͸Ķ֤ʵʱָԲᣬԷʸףȴ󣬲Իֻÿٸϡ
ǣǰں߾벻ɣ˽ľ֮ڣܽԷһһʮѧΩΩФ
һ̣Ȥ
ԭµƣҹ࣬е˼룬֮ãŵòǰƣԼ֮⣬ҲֻмļҪְܹͬܵ׹ܹʮˣһһָ֮ͨȫ裬ˣʹڴ̳ǧµĵӣҲֻһ֪⣬ְص·ߣԷֱָ㣬ܿȫʮ֮һǲס
֮£ǰ֮κȥ磬˼֮
ȻЩȴǰ֮ܶϤֻǰеĶβһ
ܿɹǶԷӰ¼غε裿֮ܽ⣬һʱΪá
أԾ仯࣬ἡ֡䵱ס֮ڴݴ壬׶ҡ֮£رտ裬߼ǻۣҶй㷺֮ʶʹܺѧǿϲꡣҪȻֱ롣
¼ѧǿǣڱ仯࣬ȤԣףԷԷźúõľ˯ҹ޼λƵģÿÿڴ֮ڣȤ
ԭ裬ɰأʼɽİ·̨ͤ¥޲֮ڶĽŲ֮£ȴܾգ׻ÿܶϤ·֮ȣһʹƵϰһΪʵĻþʮ۷ҲͲΪ㡣
ݺȥ裬䲽գȤζƵأǰеƹζ
һ޻ر֮⣬ؾһ£˱ǰһ̫ʯ
һֵҲҪ
ӷԷ£ƹִԶԶƹӰֵʱ֣ͥԺֳ︡һƬէ֮£壬һӰˣŵÿ壬һĸˡ
ǰˣһɫ£ĸ߽䳤һ֧ɴƣһˣһĸߴӣһ۾ϳ׹
һɫҴңߵ죬ȴΪеˣ䣬ٶԲʩչṦǰݣһӣǰ
رע˴񳣬Ȼм֮硣
Ȼһ뵽һˡ
մУɷɻøԳȥӭһصĹ͡
˵֣ºȴҲµˣǱרΪҽƮ¥¼ġ
ڼؼԶ϶ǰĲȻˣλרӭӶĹˣһɫҴңĪʾµĲ˱仯ǡ
ĸ˵ĽŲҴǰȥһɣʵڷ˳˼
һпڼ룬ֻǿڱΪ˵ȫȻ޶ԣŶԷһ˵뿪֮ԵϻָԭĻԾ
һ㣬Ǿ˵ǹȻе⣬ʱѡ
ˣסָһ죬ˣҪȥˡ
Ȼһһ죬עؿһᣬͻظΪЦգصͷûȥˣûȥˡ
Ȼ˵ˣ⣬ѵãԲ׷Ź
㵽˵ˣ˵һΪưأ
¶ŰЦţҲư͡Ҳư͡
ã˵ʹգ
գ
һֻŲӣɵ
̾˿ʲôʲôѵԼҲ֪
ֱֱţһģݲϴĺ𶯲ѣ벻򵥵⣬ȻʹһʱΪˡߺϰҲ²һ
ǲ̵ˣˡǻȥɣ
ŴɣЦտ˵ȥúáȥ
򵥵Ҳ𲻳һжȴǼôӵƣ˿Ҳãҹҹߣϰߣ֮ΪÿйΣִ˲ƣ
ۿչΣһݽʱĶȻֲǲҲ
ǰ˾飬ضǰţ֪ܲ˷תʱΪͬ²֤ǰ֮ÿУһһȥջ֮䣬ô棬ʼϷǼòˡ
һ·ǰУܿѷ
ԭԼ۲죬˽⣬ȴ֪βͣһؾס֮Բ
ʱ΢ͥԺһ㵭мĺ⡣
صһ죬ղתأֻתء
Ժﾲģò壬ƬͩҶ賿ת᣷磬죬žȥʱæ˹ϴ
̤ʯһһ̬Ӱǰһȴ˻ȥ
سһæվסŲ߳˭漴̤롣
Ǹ̬Ӱδ뿪ʱڹ
ң
ͣ˵ʱ˺һڳһǣŷĴᣣԶ
ȹͷһڶ棬бʣ£ʰ䡣
Ƿɻʱǰ֮һʱ˿̣ôȻˣ
㡭
๫˵
Ӧһ
ǰţǣ⿴һۣԻع
๫ضɣֻǡ
΢΢һ£̧һ˫ӹ⻪˸˸ȴҲƱˡ
Ҵ֮๫п졭һ񣬹Ȼûв´
ͷһȴʮ򶨡
֮£ɫ˵ʾ⣡ѻ˵һЩ
ȻЦţ۾Ĺ⻪б֮ơǿʹ˾ʱ澣ǷеһƷȡ
мʵҪ๫˵ǻǣʵʵ˵
رһ䣺Լ˽Ļκ˶޹ϵ
ףһͷ
˵ллظһ˵Լ˼ҪǻʲôǲԸش𣬶ûйϵԲػش𣡡
΢΢һЦͷӦ
ȻԷ治࣬Ҳû˵䣬ǾһָооԷĴӱֱƴģ񼣬Ĵ治⡣һǰĪǶԼʣǡ
΢΢˼һ£漴˵๫ƽֻǶΪ塭رǵ¡˸ж
ؿһۣôֻǹȴΪ˺ܲ£˽³
ˣ
ű⣺Ŀǣ֪н³Ͳֹˣ
һЦһڵ£¸⡣
֪ôῪһ޼ҴСҲڣ
΢΢һЦʹҲԳ֡վӣǰĺ磬Ϯӣ侲һ
仰һ֧Ȼһ䣬·𿴼˴ƽǰھı顭ԼԽʳĺѪ
һػع
ֻǾţڵȺĻش
ػݲô
ô˵
ֻгޣ˵ûкڣҪģת֪
ͷ˵֪ˣ
һ˿Ц̳ʵ޻ϣˣŲҪģղѾ߹ֻԼ˼ҺûпҪǽöͬ飬Ըڰһ֮
벻Էֱˣһʱĸ⡣
㣿ؾɵ˵ĵӲСʵЩš
˼֪˵๫ɲҪᣬǽֻǶĴ治̣ԸڱҪʱһ֮û˿ѱŵ˼ˡ
˭ʣ»ʱ
ʱǽöɽ
ˣصͷ˵ΪʲôĴ治̣ѵ֮Σ
΢΢ԥһ£һ̾๫Ǹˡ
㻰л
̾˿˵⼸ܲáʱ棬Ǻܲġ
صͷ˵˼˵ǾҪˣ
΢΢һͷ
ʲôʱ򣿡
ҡһͷ
ܺã˵ʶһλˣǸʲôֻϧǰˣĲƻأ
ʱһףô֪˼ģ
ҲϹӣῴ
㿴ʲôˣ
ÿĶˡЦЦλΪ¡µĲ൱أԼ޲ߣʵǾߵҽ֡Լˣ
㡭ô֪
΢΢һЦȻ֪¼ҩ˱ɢȻƣ΢֪ҲͿ֪һСȴû˵ơǻɣ֮ʱȴࡣȨǰȡ
۾ţ˵ֲ˵ǸΣյ˵ȷ֪֮
΢΢һЦû˵
Եһͷ˵˼ȷǲˣʱʱʵ˵ҲûʲôˣֻһνΪضѡ
ңԴӸղҽڶʱס˲ơ
ˡ
˵æסڣƾ͸¶̫ࡣʵĽԣ׶Ƕ˵ģһ𣬳ĸû꣬żҳҶ̣Ƿǣֱһʱȱ㣬֮£Ϊȡ֣ʱ𣬹涨һ֮ڣ˵سͣһ֮󣬹ȻЧǽõĻٶˡǣ챾ϣȻƵģһ֪أƹ̬ȡ
֪࣬ͷ˵˼Ҫˣ
һͷҲ뵽˲Ӧû̫ࡣ
ղ˵ʱ񣬾ϵʲô
˵ʱĿ⣬ֱֱԷţΪ϶Ĳ˵ѡ
ȻмܲסګګǶ¡
ĸ
ȻˣףǸղŲǻһ飬ô㡭
һ֪֪¡ԭλҲȻͬգҼǴôĵܵܣ㵱Զ֮ˡ
һͻȻͷͷǱ״Ʒ񲣬ʧˣµֵܡĪֺ书׿Խ߳ȴʲôԭʹλˣ
Ȼ˼ҵļ£뼺޹ء
Ȼһʧԣȴ׷ڲֻҪĿĻûе˵ǼҪġ
мҲ֪
һ䣬ԥ˼ţŴ⿴һۣګګ˵ʵۡ

ضʱͷһôˣ
Ŵ⿴һۣګګ˵˵ܲá
زɫؿһۣѹļ
ϸһ֪
˵ǰ˼С죬˵ߵܲã˰̣ǻץ˻һնĴ󳼡

֣һʱΪ֮Ȼ
ĩܶΪֱ˽뵱ʱٰݹѲĻʽӵ켴λƵۣ˵ʵһ󳼣Ҳ˵Ȼʮնˡ
Ƕͷ˵˵峯ʵͣҪ׽ûϡɳȥԽԽˣңԼööˣԻڱصã֡
ֻǾţ˼ߣֻҪʽڣӦǻ൱ʵһʱ޷
ĻȴʹʮֵĽźͽǡ
Ϊ˺ܲġ˵˵ҪԳ
ˣ
عЦʲôʱ
ҲܿˡԭչüëȻһֳݵص˵ر˵ϲܣ¶ɱϡ
ϵЦʧˣΪʱĳ̹ǡթûټϼ޵еһֽ侲ͷԣЩηȴµģµ飡
һ㣬ֻԸĸӵĲпʵ֤
ѡʱ棬ȥԸսʽ΢ۡߵĴȻ᧿Σ뵽ʱ飬һʱձ
ȴΪˡ
ŴĮĮؿһۣһ˫۾תǰллЩϢֻǡ΢΢ؿЦһ£Բٶ˵
˵Һ˽ﶼϣ๫ܳȥҲֻܹȻϡǡ
Ϊ֮ʱжãĿǰӹϵᶨѡߣȷޣͨ籨ţҲļˡǻлҪ˵ҪڣȴΪȻٶһ˿ϸһöССǮصһȴ֪ôʾšżشҴҵصһͷӰżݣŲ
Ԥţؽˡ
ȻһĹͷˡʱģԺڣſһˣ
ʳ࣬һȵļ࣬Сˣе㶫ζ
԰ĿˣʲôʲôǼŨŨ֭УԼӣཪ˿ģŨá˼ڣԿС˻ȱƬϺͽСƹϸǿɿ֮
ſڵϣֻ̣۾͸һƬţһ±ׯںģĪΪʵܹΪƮãִ޼۵СˣҲһϸѡҲӦ⡣
ó԰ɣͳԲǾϴʣֻݣ
Ҳݣ
ϲԣ˵ϳӣ࣬ǵط׿ɺˣײӰ࣬٣
һ˴СС̴ҧϣ֨֨죬ɫӿǸʵҲɡ
ǵطŮҲƯְֺף߲б۵ġ
ŲһЦ
Ц˵ģû˵һҡԴŨص±Ŷţ̡֬µĺ彧ʯ壬Ҥ̿ǻеȴҲѺϡ
ǵش˵ٵ֬¡彧ҤȽ±ǹԲλǵ͵˼ȣúܡ
ǵط£Ҳһָ׳úܣ
أ
⡭ȻСˣҲ硭¡
˵һŤͷһϿ°ʣˡ
һӭ³̫˳ӵͷһߴ
ͷǸµĸߴӣǴ˼ְܹһ׹˸źڶӺ£ȻǱ
æʰ׵Ծ׹һǰ
Сֵܣϲ
˵ʱͣ½Ų˫ۣڶԷתһתٺЦ˼Ըﵽˣ룡
ͷһ𡣵û뵽ô죬ղ˵Լˣѵ˵ĲѾˣ
һ㣬һԲվ漴ⲽ
׹ǺЦ֣ڶԷϴת
кģΪԷˣѽɥʧڵָ֮䣬µĸ̫ϤˣֲɫɲǼĳ֣£ʵмܡѲ֪жʿĽ֣һ䡭㶼¡Ҳɥʧ
ƺǣһԼصԭ򣬶㣣Ǿǣʹ롣Ҳ˵ÿһµˣͬʱɥʧԼе׼򣬾׹⣬Դ룬˵ᣬʵ΢΢
׹˫þĥ۾ƽ˶ӣ˵ڤڤƺаš
νļʵڵ߽Ӵ֮ǰ֣һνҲ
һڴ֮ǰΪ쳣ֶӡüһƬޣùͷ֡ӡ֤ڹÿӦȴ׹ǰֲ׵ˡΪǰļأȻǰࡣķ֣ʹ׹Ǿȣһ˫ۣ鲻ԽƵƵڶԷϴתԽԷݼ̣ӢȻǣƺңԶĲ࡭һʱ֮䣬Խֲ⡣һ٣΢΢ͷ
һˣ漴̤ǰ쳤ȡ
׹ǰд·ؾУʿһǰ죬ת䣬ѹһ㲽ҹʩչ·׹ʾ£ģȴֻ֪Ŀ
䣬ǰһ硣
𣬷ޡһ棬ʵǰɽȴΪһֲ֪ĺСңһǺһϣʯǹ졣ɫޣȾ֮£ʼǿؿһۣҲĿѿ
Ŀ԰Уٻ޷ƣʱƣӦѽʱƫƫȴһЩζĿ滨ܣǼƽҲвΪޣ֤֮ԷǸֵźţӦǵ֮
ؽŲδ̤֮ȣԸоϮˣʱΪŨǶˣʱΪ֮һ
˼УǰʮԶǰ¾ǽǰ滨СˮǰĽŲһһϳ£ౣʱ׷ɣԴôҲ뵽дһʤƾ֮һ·̤УֱɽϣĿϾ
һߣһ氵ԴǰԢȻ˹һ¯İƣΪ̾ڵȻ䲻ַƣۺ˵϶
׹һٻصǰվסһ
էȻȫϢغڲ࣬Σֽ飬һṦɹۡ
˫ȻϤʶġ׹˸߰է꣬ȴҲòǿһЦݣȭɣ
ΪɵİԵһͷһ˫ӣȴֻڼϴת
еļأǰ󲻴һէ֮£ɫǾ졣
˽ˣʦǻȥɣ
˵ţһ˫۾أԲ뵱ǰϣת˲Ѱ˸
׹ԸغٺЦ
ɺƲ͵سЦһĿע׹ôҲŲô
࣬ˣٹˣԳ۷ٲȻ˶ӣƫƫݰף룬ɫ
ɫȫжɫȴǴȻǰɲɫ㳣֮ƣ磬ֱӼ䣬׹ǵ֮ˣ֮£Ϊ֮Ȼʧɫ
ǰĿ֮£ͷֻһЦˣȻˣ˱㽻پˣֻǡ
ɲ͵غһתĿص룡ˣҲ׹࿴һۡ 







 

  
ھŻء 

ǰಽ
ϸΣŮӣȴǲĸս˵á֮ˣʹԭʮֹĴһӴ֯˼ء
ǰֻźñŤڡ޲ƨɸһţƫƫԷԴ֮Σ
һϮ£⣬ȴеһǰĿΣҼͶ̥ǸŮҲͺˡȴǸˡ
һ۵ûУƫƫǸȽõӣǰƶһǵ㳾մۼ书һһĸ֣ӡԷУҲֻλɻʱ벢ۡ
Ƕǰɣ졣ǰ׹پ֮ĪֶˣֻҵӣƮһ֯Ӧλ¡Ϊ˾أ֮׹ǰȴǼɻྴز㣬ȴΪΣ
ǰм죬ȴʱʱͷ㣬ÿһⷬҲ߯ϸˡ
ӣһԲ齵ᣬǰ
ضɣĴ񣬵һܳṦȴԴӣǰĲйǰƵĹϣһⶺΪ򼰡
ƽˮһڲס̬ˮӳԽСϮ˻ƽ̫˲ԵĲˮ桭һб֣ٺ
ôĺɫīҲƵɢڲݵϣͬɫ
һ𣬸˵ɢζ
ɢ˵ǸˣڣȻ֣ȴ۾Ҳ˯ˡ
ϳ֮⣬Բݵƽڴʳһˮɰףһ٣һǰҲͬһ˯ˡ
شĿȻס˽Ųӹ˵˱ˡ
˫ԼңȻȴԼԼǰԷʹ漼֮ڣҲʩչ
Ȼˡȴ˯ˡԭ۾Ʋ֧΢΢еͣҲ´֮ơĿ֮£סһԷǸ˵еİˣǵһˣǰɢˣ֪ܲԼֻǸûаԼ˿
һ䣬ﲻ裬ɫ档΢磬ҶƶˮԵĲƣһȻƵϢƵҲ֧˵ĺ
˯ˡ
䲻ȴǳţȵĺϢ˫һʶԲƣҶڴһƵϵǡô
ⷬʵȻƫƫʹ̫Ȼˣߵ۾ʱ衣
νĻԪһ̫ӦȦΪ˵ڹϳ˾磬߼ϡܴﵽ˹ߣ˵ȻѰǰ£Ӧ֮ˡ
ˣǰ̤֪ܲ߱ӦںȫѨȻͣһ뷶Χڴ˷Χڵκν룬ʹ߱ӦΪˣ²ƺ޹˼ɵ˯ˣķӦڰˮ㡣һ㣬ǡһϹȻʹ̾ʵϹ֮ǰĴҲв˼΢Ӧ
ԣɵǳƵϸչ˹֮£ǰıĿСҲȴţԶԶһ磬Ȼľѡ
ƬĵķҶ˵Ρ
һƬͨͨ͸ķҶԺ֦Ʈ£˯еͷƮһ˿Ѷʹ˯ȻΪ֮ѣӦ
Ϊһ£»̧ͷ
ȴһֳͣٿˮһ죬һӯۣͬʱ𣬲ȴΪͬʱֲ̧
˵ǺȻѣĶţƼݣոֲͣ㣬ϵǡôһ˫̺ɵϸӣȴע⵽صĵ
ˡ
ְһ˯ȫ
Ǻ˵
˵ʱֱУȴӻ
غһٲֱǰԼĪڶԷǰվ
ѿжǰ˱ˡ
ĿУɷϵģǾмΪġȻΪȴڶԷǰʾ΢
УˣȻѺˡڸղŵһ˲ƼµɫȻΪˡֱһ̣˫ϸ֮£žжϴˡ
˲
ȥѮңüĿֱڷǰĲƣ֮⣬ƽʱӦ൱ӢƯһ
ҲͬؾȡҲǼصĺȻ֣ʹ뵽ȥһжΪ׵Ŀơ
ȷǼĶӡ˵Ѿ֪ˣء
һ䣬۾֯Ĺɣƺȥ˵飬һӶ
֪Ϊʲô֣
صȻ֪ȴûбҪش⡣
ϣ˫жԵ޸ı䣬رǼ֪븸׵Ƕ޳֮³ɺͷԻ⣿
µ̬ȻʧɢһƴмõƮ졭
Ϊطɽ˵ĸǸձŮˣ㲻֮ˡ
һЦ˵öҼҵ
úܡ΢΢Цţ˵㻹ǽȴǸлȥȥ㶼һ֪
Цһû˵
˵ΪҶ֪˼Ϊ򱧲ƽⶼǻ£ҪǣҪ£ҪҪΪԼҪ֪Լжı£ġ
һ٣һעӹȥ
㻵ҵĴ¡
˵㲵ϣ鲻Խظֳһ˿԰׵ɫ
ĵӲС˵£ǵƮΪеģֻһȡҲ⡣
д͸Էǿɱʹòһ
ǰ̤һȻվԭطĿɲסɢǿĸ
½ס΢΢Цˡ
֪ǼѧԨԴ㸸׵꽣ѣӣҲʱ߹ң˵ĽǸƽ֮ϡƽҲ൱ˣĺ޽ڽУһӦһķֻϧڷҪȻӦ൱棬ܿϧ
Լ˵⼸仰и֮ʹһ͵ֻ赭дļ䣬Ǹǹ۶ˣοƽԪ״ˡ
д֮ʹȴ֮棬ΪǰԼ
֮£Ҳֻ΢Цѡ
ȴϸעţƶۣƳһɽҵ
ֻһ㣬ԷֻǸ꣬ȴӡ
ɣתߵǸ꣬ҳ̸Ĵҷ緶ˣźǣȴûС
ŤһӣɫдƲ
Ҳ˵Ľһ㣬Ǳȹ֪˵ָͷ緶ӦüסһнֵܳˣӦþһԼķƣʹ㣬ȴܲ롣
µ۾ʧؿߵɡ
ô㳣źһ㿹ĵˣĻˡָһǰļأ˵
΢΢һ£۾ｻ֯ż۵ĸдϣҪǿʤֻȴǰļԽ
µĴһţȻ̺塣˵ػһӣֻǱһ£ǲ˴ţоģɾʹʧȣȥʧЦ˵Ϊ֮ġһ¿ɾɵͷϡ
ɵĽָ㣬Ѿʮֿɹ֡
ɵĳ侲飬
ɵȷµӣȴԶһѧϰøࡣ
ȷһԱȴκεãּ⡣Ӧһµͣųǽ¶ķ棬ѵһղɷز
ɼ񰺲֮߳ȴһ績ˡ
һе׺ǰɣȻ˶ʣҪ˵ŪףƮԼˣҲ㲻Ǹʲôֻ֣м޵ʱֵļˣ֪һ⼸ȴֶղؿƿǰ˺󶼲¶ֻ֡
ɵҪֻԼ
꣬Ϊҹг룬˲پ춯ص£˲ٸʵֲ
ÿһΣɶԲ񣬴ҲûʧһеһС˵¶أڹ˽һջȱ
ڣȴţѼһˣɵ
ɵĸд𾪡֮ĬϬʲô¸òŶ˵ǰ£⣬´ļ֣֮ɱԷˡ
Ϊ׼˱
ʽŵĳƽòݵأڼ֮Ѿע⵽ˣһڣʱԴƽһ¶
¶档
ýһһ˫㿡ӣƽŵǰļ٩٩ۣ֪ɣ˽ǵ߿ڹŽ֮һһʱһȶΪء
أ
ɶԷѧģǰһҲҪʹԼ٣Żʧ롣
ڼ򶨣һʼ¾ͺͣһˣζֵúȲʡ
Լõһڣ˵߿ڹŽ֮һķӿ
漴ڷӿ˫µǰ
¶ԺӿңȽӿɱҪǿö࡭ȴҵĿζ¶ʵأȷӿҪһЩֻǣȴұȽûԵ֡
˵˵ԵѾ
ġ
ң
ؼˡ
ҵ˼ǣӵôˡ򣬱ûʲôʵʵ壡
˵ţº΢Цϵ¶ɵѽ
΢΢һ£Ӧһ߹ȥѽݸ˼أ߳һ£ҲͲؽ˹
ڽԭ㸸ִУˡ޺ˣΨһĺϷˡ
΢΢һ٣ЦȥȻҲˣڽŻ֮ʱξͲһˡ
΢΢һЦ׶Է֮һ˫Ȼתǰɡ
ޱ⣬ôܹɱԼˣǰˡ
ӹ˷ӿɵֱЩð֪¹ȥεĲʹ֮£ѾǲɱˣȻȴûκһǰһʹΪѡ
˵ĽӴ۸Уʵ̫΢ˣʲôԭҲ˵ϣӵһۿʼ˾ͶƢθиЩʲôء˼һʱҲ塣
µ۾˭Ҳܿ⡣ϰߣܷµĿע֮£ѡ񣬱ֻн֮һ;
۾漴˼עӹȥ߲˿ӵ֮⣬ڼصĸоһԼȡʤ֮ǰɣȴɷһ跨ڲ֮أߣ
Ȼֻˮ꣬ƻ֪«ʲôҩҪ͸˿ڷ磬Ż󶯡
ס¶Ĳʤпֱ·ƽߣԼעӡ˴ƽĽʵҲ͵ڸʽؽΪ˼ҸΡĸȾһǰĳޡ
һ˵ֱϮ˵˫ʽжԵ
ɱзǳֻ֣ǰ֪ʵϣҲֻڹͨݼʩչҲĴԥп˶˫ֳֵŻ
ã
ɲסһһתĿɵɣɿˣҳ˵һֽˡ֪
ɵͷ֪һ˫۾˲ֱֱעš漴ҲƶƵķչѵһز
ºȻһЦҼˣǲƽġ䣬беӣһƬưٿ䣬ַһѵ˼ߣݳ֣գۼѰס˼ͷ
죬ʯ
û뵽ԷȻ侹дһ֣Ϊǰ˱ʱҪѨ磬ִǷοµʯԳ֣һΪԷס˼Ҫﻹü
˵ˣзֳ֮ܡ˼ǣڶԷδᴩȫ֮ǰշִ磬һǧ˺ԷҪ
һ֮䣬ʵݳ
һȡǣ׵ת֮䣬ֱʺҪȥ
ȴһ죬޶ض֮ʼȴȥȥ磬һƳӡ
ߺߡǰļأ΢Цһ㣬ڳ֣ɾҪࡣСӣϵ磬Ѿ⿪ˣʩ֣ȫһƴ
΢΢ͣһ£Žӵ࣬гɾͣӦãĴʺҿʤΣ
԰գһ£Ϲ̬
֮£֪ѽ⣬Էж຦֮⣬ų֣Լ޻һʱΪԲѣһȻͨ衣
ˣĶĴ治̣ȴ˲롣·ԸдǰʾСݣΪ⿪磬ʵ˵ˣɵмӣΪʹ˫ȫʵ֮£ӦбȻʤľ԰աһӦ޺ǴԳȥҲ
ŵǰɣ΢΢һͷһнڲˡ
µĻʵ˵ײʲôֶԵӦãʲôĴʺ˵ǰһսֻʤѣ֮һս
ضϤ˶Է⣬ȷǲĴ⣬ȫעʱϡ
˿أؾзǳˣ̹գ£
˵֮䣬Ȼ˶ͨȫɼ췽šȴһȻ͸һѨš
̾͸оˣɫ΢΢һ֪Է֮
˵˶ֻɣҲôƺҾͶˣ
Դ֮ʣ˫ȻӴȴһ֣룬Ϊ̽ԷжĴǣ΢νĸֶУˣܹƵڳж֮ǰ΢ӡ
ɫˬдм˵⣬ǰҶ壬ȽȽ֦衣
ɵĳûгʣֻ̬䣬ı䣬һ˫ԭ峺۾ƺʧȥԭеģ毺õգҲ󣬱ýڣֳ˿µһ档
һͻȻĸдʹؾԷɵʮ֮ⷬдǰδ
΢һԾǰ
ȴһӳ
˸⣬һӴһ飬ֻܿǽⲿλ˶һ죬ҡһ콣Ӱ˫ٿطֿ
һգٿȥӣһͻȻվסĽŲµزһ˫׮ʯ
ȴֻһ¡
˫ѶȽ档
Ȼ²ΣȻӭһ飬;ĽӴ֯һĽɶĽâ磡
ͿһƬͷ룬״
һԭɽо裬ȡѩ׷ɣѩֶԭµ֮ǰˣϻ£ƶŽ潦Ѫ
ȴʯ˿
㣬ɵĽ棬أպķһȥ
Թ۵Ȼһ
һգ֪ףȴѱ߲¶ߣһֳֽƥ۵ұۡ
ƷкڡΣԼ̸ʲôޣһĺ̡
ͬʱҲӴȴʮࡢų˷ѽһ˿΢Ц
ضʱͷһнԭѴԷΣֻԽǽâ΢£ҲʹԷྡݣн£ȴ˿Ī΢ЦͷͻɣԳ٣ֻǵָ˲ԥɵһڷӿҸڼûκμɹ׷Ѱ£˼ѡ
Ǵ˵㣬Դ˸䣬ˢط˿Ѱ֮⡣
ѪŭӿһȾ˸¡
˶ԷĹƣһ˿αװ΢ЦʹɾΪʤŤתս֣ʹԷѳʾİϷػȡ䲻˵Ϊʤȴǰռʤ
ڼ˵Ȼûɥɽ£ȴҲûӰĳ֡
иǿĵˣߡ
Ծ긦֮£һеѨֹס˴ѪһתȥΪһԼ¶ֵĻᣬܲȻ˼ظܷ
صĹǣ
¹Ȼд⣬ȴֻڶ֮䣬δʵ֡漴һ̾Ϣ
֪ԼʱǱסˡ 







 

  
ʮءο˪ο 

ɵһû治ᣬ͸ȥָٽȥһ㣬ɾͱס˾ǣ䲻֮ǣȴ˵Ϊ²зϣһ̽ʱ̾Գ졣
볿һĶԽɳȻǽеһֽܣʵǼµһʵ̹ڴˣȴǲ֪ΪΣ䣬Լ⡭ȴΪΣ
ʵɵĽʹ߹ԼҲӦԼಮ٣ԼǲʩһֽСȻˣ΢ЦյеɱУȴǰδƹ֮
ˣƮǰһɫºԶԴ˺ˣ
̼ǵսֽʱ»Īһ̾Ϣⲻĳ̣Լɵʧǿˡ
ȴڴ΢ĸзʱ棬ǵˣǰΪʱյѨҲѽ⿪ģõ˴ƽµһ¶
˵΢ЦһŵԱȫֺµĶ⣿
һеһУ棬Ȼʹڼ֮ܵ£ӹһɱ٣˼顣
Ȼһȴʾ̫ƽˡ
µ侲ʾһµսɽסյɱ֣˫ĵжδ֮ĺȥ֣ʲôɣҪԼһĴ̻ôһεĴֻ±Լڵˡ
ôţʱ꣬һʱѳƽ
֪֪ѣսʤڵ˵ÿһ˽⣬ǱҪġ
Ѳ²һεĴʱ䣬Ӧ֮Ҳ˵ԼȫָսʱǸ³ʼһ֮ĸ˽⡣ڴ֮ǰԷܲ춯
²ⲻ⼸ԷǵԼĴӺԼСĵչмӣĿҪԼļոԪ
ųŵĴ⣬ص˼оߵɱǳأӶó˽ۡ
뿪
Ҫ뿪һҪ졣Ҳ˵ԼδȬ֮ǰ͵뿪ܱܿһζֵݺ
²ȷӦøлɲ᲻أǡôһˡ
صڷ˼ԽȴֻһӰǰ
ˣµĸŵӡ׹Լһж̷ò˹ĵʿ
͸׹Ľܣز֪ʿйɣ֮ǳפһС
صĲ²ⲻ¹ȻмӣǰΪʮصļ˶
׹Ȼ棬е޺棬ǰΪˣǾ͸ǲˡһɻ󣬲ͷɴʲôҲ˵ֻһ߿š
һΣšʡ֮󣬹ʲôҲ˵ԶΪҩһڷҩ˼䣬˳
׹һӻҪ˵ȴһʱ֪˵Щʲôźãһ˫۾˰죬ҡһͷҴ뿪
ҲҴңȥҲҴңһ˾ʹ뿪
ʱԼĩɫЩˡ
ͷˡ
һľ͡
Ĳһ֮⣬һɡļˡ
ϵԣ٣ɺó۰Ͱ͵˵Լָģ㳢
Ȼζ֮һһ붼ԹˣǱļ̲˶ʣ
ɾ͸ˡ
㿴ôҾ͸˵ݣɶҲʲôѼ⣬ÿ߶վ
һ˵һֵ̧꣬ͷҪһȥ
Ҳԣ
ǣǻ˵ⶫһԾ񫣬벻ԶУ
һ̾˵úһˣô
˭ֱֻۣߺλ
صúһˣô˷ӣ
Ҳ˵ǷӣʱҲܺãֲ׼ʳУֻۣ˵ðɣϾͻ˵ɣкõʱ򣬵ǸʲôҲ
ôƣ
򣿡һֱҡͷˣ˵ͷһһ򣬽ıףڶظ˵ˣӲǽšһ첲Ҫ׹ۼֿ죬˳ɶûˡ˵˵˭ٸ˼ҿȥ
ԼҲҽΪʲô
⡭ҾͲ֪ˣ
ϵĺ£ٺһЦ˵Щ飬ǵҲ˵壬֪Ҳܶ˵̾˿ʳ˵˲ղŵĻ˾͵ɱ˵ȥҪǴܹ¶ҿǳԲ˶ߣˣ
˵߾ߣתż
㡭ɱߣҹ׼ǽᣡ
ԺУɫ
ڶʾ۲죬Ѷƣ˳˽⣬ǰⷬųӦס
ƣߣѨѽ⣬Сţȵסߡ
һƬɡ˶ס֮
ǰһҲи
ɺС
УںҶаסС¥ҲȫǺɫ
СС¥ȫΪİ¹Ӱɭɭס¥ϡյƣ롣ؼʲô¥ṦѣһʩչοҹҶƮƮ
ޡӰ԰׵૲ĵڻ谵ĵƹ
һУһΪ񾭲ϣҲΪ档
شȻȴֹΪ۾ȻһֵĶ
Һɫ͹һһã
ؼΪԼˣٿǶڶϣ谵ĵƹ͹Ǹʲô
ͻȻķ֣Ȼʹüشһƺסˡ
ǳĸĦ涣ñ쳣ӳŵյ⣬է֮¼Ϊʯƣϸϣ治׿
Ƿˡ
ôؿţֻţüӣһ²ƶȫעֻϵעţдʣ֪˵Щʲô
Цɭɭ¶һݣʲôֵ£Ŷ겻Ĺˣ̸ģȫȻ̬д֮
ɺС¥ƺֻסһˣ»ƣıֻá
һ䣬ֹżɭɭĺòˡ
ǰţէ಻ըëȻĸо
ҶҹתɫҰףһص˪Ӱ涣ŴӰ
ʱȹɲֱֹⷬüĿɿڴ
һĪĳϸ֮󣬶Űŵ÷ſˣƶĽŲСذãϣ洲裬ˣȻȻԡ
Ӱƣҡҷŵĵ棬ӳ㲵ݣţţȻӿˮ
ӡСˣҲˡ
ᣬ˳ֱ£
ĵĹ㡭ǺοࣿΪʲôΪʲô㡭
һ䣬ݺᣬ£֮ղŵüЦǲͬն
һһЩüĿԷһѣʵԼɲߡǰãǰչСǾʶȴˣܿܣС꽻Ƿһ˫£ˣСŻΪشˣ˵״գʧļҲйء
·ںܾǰˣıʹǰ̬¶ţİ˵֮ʹӹԣֻǰİ˵źڳղأϦԣĦ涰ˣȴǰδţǰ׶ãֱš
һ˲ȫȻڱʹ֮УһǺСֲֻ֣˹Сͷ
㾰󣬿ڼһʱ΢Σɲסǰ벽
΢ССʹöȻһ͵̧ͷ
˭
һƵģ˶ȻӰһ䣬˼صǰ΢ͻһֱص
һͣʢŭ֮£ȫʩʯ֮ơ
һ֮£Ų㿪ȴܾƣ鼱ˤʵؽһƣӴӥɣŲ⣬洰֮ϡ
¥˴磬ϲӦƶϨ
߳һڶδֱʩչʽƬӰӲ˼ǰ
˵Ƶڶƣָ״аֱżϲ
һΣɾͲˡ
ֻ۵ӭһ飬է£ʵʵؽ˶ԷһơԾɾֻ¶Էܲס֪һı֣֮ҹ׹ΣȴǴвͬ
£ԾɶԷͳһԼȻȤէ֮£ԼһʱΪ֮롣ʣһǿɹۡӣеĶˣȴǰ㲻ƵĴҡһ˫ŲȴǲŲǴһ˫׮
ν˸ա
һӿٵҡ֮£ʣһ̼仯һա
ضȻ估ʱѿڻң
԰׵ϣȻֳһƬϲ
㣿
ңأ
һ˵ţذӾͽˡ
Ϩ»ˮ
Ȼץס˫磬ҲƵϿţһ˷֮󣬲Żط߳̾Ϣ״įתһߣһ
ػظ˹ȥ
ҳ˻֣žһӴˣӺð̡
˰£֣ŰѰزˡ
ղŵ£㡭ˣ
ˣ
Ҳˣ
һֻ֣ϵָһ¡
ˣ
漴һ
ߡߡͷԳƵЦţ۾ģ
ڸ˵Ц
̧֣ðĨһ£ӿȥƲ԰㲣ɢĳڰײӣҲࡣ
ʹشǣһͷա
㡭ԭһӡ
ǷӣЦ¶ɭɭһݣˣҹֻšҪǷӣõôʱ򡭡һţڡ
̾˿ҵЦţ֪ɣ˱Ȳܵöࡣ
ҿһۣûˣ
ҡҡͷһ
ָϵãݸЦˡ
ַˣлæ˵
ʲôˡ
ҡ硭
ǣ
ҡҡͷ˵ҿǼǲˣͶɣ
ԭùС£ֻ´̼ߣ˻ȥмҪĻȴҪ˵ˡ
˵֪Ǳ֣вɻĳޣ
΢΢һʮֵ۹⣬ţ漴΢΢Цˡ
ôǻˡ
Ҳһ˵һ֮ӳȥԸ⣿
ͷЦš
˼˼⡭
һֻ°ͣͷ⿴ţһֻع۾ţǾ岻
صͷ˵Ȼ˿ǿﲻ⣬Ǿˣ
ҡ⡭
Ȼվ˶ػعһϴ̽ҵġϵ
һ٣˵˼ߡһʩչǱǬӶȴƮ档
ȴ벻ССɣ˶Ȥԭŭһӻ
ס˭̸ģʩչһơ
˽⵽Էܴ˿ѣȴҲһ㳣ˣۣھǰص֮񾭡߶üΪһС£羪ݶ𼫴ı仯ƺѲܶһ£רһִ
ȻĹС֮⣬Ψһ⣬ʵǸĹѺľ޾£Ψһִһ£֮⣬Ҳܹ˼
ѵõǣȻܱһġʵͯδһʧˣʵ塣һ䣬ͬ顣
ŵˣʹӣҲ˿⣬֮Ϊͬ顣
һ棬ֻ۾Ц죬ȻǼطŵһʽĹעδʧ
ʩչһθƣ
صͷã漴ʩչһΡ
Խӵؽ
ʱȷһҲûˡ
漴ߵǰ˵Ը⣬ҿԽ̸㣬˵ǵСõõȴҲ΢֮
ҡҡͷ˵ǵС̸Ұɣ
˵ԪɵģԪɵһճϣ˵
룬ҡҡͷʾ֪
һЦ˵һаʽпŰʽԪɲ֮أһճҸΪҪõѣԴҸףҸԱŵһڹķڸǱ˴˽ԿȻϲɴҾһ̸ɣ
ϲͷá
Ȼüͷһ壬ҡҡͷ˵УҿɲܰռˣҲѧˣ
ҡͷ˵㲢ûаռˣѾҺܶ࣬ˣ
һƲ⡣
˵ǲˣҺܶԴЩҼ֮ȷǰδ΢ˣȽ׿Űʽ΢ˡ
һģȻЦģ˺˼ϲ㡭ɣ׿Űʽҽ㡭вԸ⣿
ʩչһֹĹξѿ׹ľ֣Ｔ϶ֹڴеĽڹмõһ칦벻Ȼ¶ԣʱҪԴڣϲ⣬һڴӦ
ӦǸˡظ̾һҽʮӣͽҲûСףܺã͵ͽܰɣòã
ֻļ仰ȴʮ棬һ˫۾Ŀ顣
һЦ¹ϵ̫Ҷһ˽⣬ܰΪʦ˵ҳ纣ʦͽ֮ꣿ
ôһʱΪ֮һ
ޡ⻰ҲЩ⡭
һ˵زסڷһȦȻסŵϴϴ϶϶ң£Ҳܣܺ˰ɣ
УСһЦһ죬ΪУվһߣ
ҡɵˣһֻͷɦš
ؿʵ̣΢΢Ц㲻ΪˣֻʶѣʵֻҪվһΪУҾѾмˡ
Ȼصһͷһüͷǲֵӣ֪һĸֵͬܣֻ鲢Ǣ˲֮£һʵˣʱͷʱΪ߽֮
ؼ״
ĬĬԵһǺܿա
һЦ㲻سˣ࣬һԽѣΪ֮ѣȻԻഫ书㿴ɺã
֮£ݰľګϣʱЦݣƬ֮Աˣһʱͷá
Թ֮£޸п
ǰλ䲻˽⣬ȴ˳ʶʣѧһԱ侳£ȴԹգһν֣һĸ֮Ƭ飬ʧԱǰ³ɴ˶ۣ¶ĽδȫǶ⣬ʵԶѶ棬ֻþнߣԱ㣬ˡȻϾصɥʧȫ֪زȴҲżƬʱʱĽп֮ʱֻ˹С飬ο塣Ǿ߹СͷΪ֧Ψһɻȱľˡ
Ҳ֮ԸľӴˣ˼ǨΨһɡʵϣҲѵ˾ͷ˵⣬Ȼ˾ͷʱ򣬼صĺȻ룬˵һεȾ춯صĴ£ʹദӦԾֹʹڴһʱҲ֪Ӧԣ״Σʱֳٶˡ
ΪдһʶزŶͬ顣
һˣԼ˵ʵѿƣһˣɳ˻ã֮ΪӣΪԲеĶ񶾲𣬳䲻ȴǱģؾмΪ
뵽ȴǣζǰʧˣʩůڼʹƬ̵ˣʹоһ壬ôս޼£ȴǼΪˡ
ȫ룬һȳϣҲȫ϶ԷһʧǲȱĻߣһˣȥĹػ֮⣬κεļǱɣʧ߷緶
صķɿˡ
ǵԺȥҹɫܺãȰѿŰʽĵһ޷Զ̸ɺã
˵ʱҡҶ⡣
ӷվ̧ۿʱȴֱǰȻԼȺⷬԢھٲȻ֣ڶ֮䣬˿μ뼫֮Ȼ
ţһֿԷţ档
Ṧ˸֣ҲǲغЦѧҵĿŰʽ֮ʩչʱ䲻ˣǾͿʼɣ
˵꣬漴һʽ޷ԶʩչŰʽһΪ޷Զ硢ХɽӰػءǬ˫աʽϣ˵ףʵϳṦԴʵڹŶ롣
һ֮󣬸ɷֺģʵ֮УӸ˹֣ز
һȻ߻۸ǰΣָֻڣȻͨԭΪʽ֮ڴɣ˿죬¡
ҹºܸߣһ޷Զ硢Хɽʽ֮أԲѡ
ؾ֮࣬µļʽͷһڸȻλɫ죬ֻ۷ֱľګдʣȻڼؼֱκηӦ֮ǰЦһһֱ
ǲ鼱䣬ֻó֣Ӳһơ
˫ӣؼԷԾãǹػΪ޴Է
طԾԷʩչνв粻ܼʱ⣬亦²˼ŶԷɵԾˢǽͷٴηԹԼԺǽ֮ڡ
ˣȴҲˤȫۣһʱ֮ȫ£һо·ѪʱᱬըⷬζòܣλƵվĲȵǰģ
ԼƵ䣬Ʒ磬Լľ۶ϡɽ㵹ľ޴ƺòˡ
ǶԷ񾭴ˡ
εķڼƽȻԶ仹һ¸ǽȴҲܸоơ
һȭߡ߶ȭţÿһζ޴죬˻ߵĺѼ
أ΢Ȼ֮ȴǾ޴ĴϢʮ΢ϢҲȴƶϳС𡭡С𡭡
ҵġް
ҹȴԼš
һȴΪ޶֡
һµɵϷأȴΪӭһɾ裬һ룬
ڷ΢΢졣
ǰˣŸӣ۾Ϭע֮£й⡣
է֮£ɲסһֻΪǹȵǰ˾ܺϢسԼǰȻ֮
ǰˣһ⣬ͬͷϳȫһϮ
ȴǲİһϸ֮£ʱΪ֮һ
£
ǰˣʵǴ˼ˣƮ¥¡
ǰҴһʵ̼䣬ԶҲǡ벻Ȼˡ˫жʮԣ´ʱէȻ֣ĪʾԼı֮ģ
ͻȻҲƵԼصͷŻѿֱг˶Է֡
ǰ˺ϰǵƣէ££Ҳ͸̶
ϣһƬŭݣغһĵӲСŹ߳ĵͳ˵ڴˣҲƺһ㡭
ٴǷҲֻǷһ룬Եžǰһƣµǹ;أԴڣδȫ
ѿϣɴһ˿ЦǡʱżΪһ˲в֪Ϥ˫Ǣһ棬ֽһȴǲö֪ˡ
ΪˣҪԪŲ㡭
Ʒ٣ּص鰴һ¡
ʱһɾػƽɵ
ϣƣѷȴҲԴУ׸ӭµϾٿһס󳤽ͦԾ֮ʣֱ
һƣʵ˺֮⣬ȴΪʱδȥྡྷ
һ֮䣬زֹסһʱһ¶ûóȻʡ
ݸŰƮгɣ漴
ڵյδϨӳݣȴеĺľ̫ʦ϶
һԲţδ֪Ϥ˵Ŀ֮ǰݲԡ
۾תһתûаĹظ㣿
ʲôأ
סĹأȻֳ˲ãѵûи㣡κεطרǲ߶ġ
ֻǵĹأһЦҲǹŵӣɲء
һЦ˵úãĿ˰ɣҲпӦصĹء
ϧҲǿˣ
˵ʱ˶˵һ㣬ֻǵһһѵǣ
΢΢ЦţҲû˵ЩοڲǺúõĻô
ȴɣȻ֮С
ͺܲˣ
һְֻͷϵķñֳɢŵһͷɫһӨǶţʾͬһ㳣˵ʡ
˵ƿѾȫˣԪúܿ졭
ллĹġ
ˣ
˭ǹɣ漴ףͷ˵λΪҿ˵ˣлл㡣
ͺãҽܺáµͷһѴ֢
ǡ΢΢һЦԲˡʧԣҽϵļǲǣ
¶ٲһᣬ΢΢һ³üëƽĿ˵
ǸϸĵˣȻ֪ˡǲˡ
˵ʱϸֳһƬȴ΢Ц˵ǣأڲǺúõô
һЦԡ
㲻ţ
û˵
̬Ѹң
΢΢һ٣²ֽȥһҲѾ֪µҽƿףѾ
ƿ׶һضΪ֮һ
֪ģһҩס˸׵ȼ񻯼ԪȵֻһεᵽˣΪһҽ֣벻ΪǸ;ӭӶĺˣȻˡ
ȻˣȴΪµĲƣľȬЩֻƾµֱ̬۲죬ɲ֪
Ȼȴصơ
֮£ֻǵһͷʾѾ֪
˵һܾˣڶ̶̼⸽ƣʵǺܲסȴҪ㣬һǽ֮ķɺС㲻ղѾһ˵㽫ʧȥǸǸӣ֮ߣ֮£Ҳֻ֮⣬ҪرСģҶҸ桭
صͷ˵һסҸ棬лл㣡
տտĿע˵ղ˵һ仰ȴҲûеǵ߹㣬ûһǵĵˣܻ뿪
ҽҹ㣬һε仰
˵˼
㻹ף˵һĴʺҪȻߣ˵Ѿˡ
ЦɲأΪˣʱپһս
лġ
ƽؿȻĿǰ̬ȣΪܼȥ
ͷһµĻʮ
˵£ȴѻλվ
ȻҪѡΪе·Ӧ֪ʲô
˵ʱѻλվתⲽ
ظĽŲԺӡ
˪ﾲĲһӰȴźͷƮ͹
תӣؿţȻһЦҹɫܺãҾһĽɣ
ͻȻֹʹüһʱΪţһԼ
һӵһᣬɱңҪܵĻ
Ҳ˼
γĽеʱ䣬֮Ҳ֣ҺΣ
ҹ쪣ƮƮЦţʵԸ
ﰵԳԾ벻ԷȻͻȻдһ֡۸ʵĻϲ⣬Լɲ
΢΢һ£漴߳
ǰɣ
ǵأ΢Цδȫãҹ֣˫ְɣ
֮£ûпƽδܴ裬Ƕ紫ĵһֿͣݻ⡣㣬γ֣Գﶶ˫֡
ɣУһתȻУѵ˼Ҳ࣬ƣ衣һȫμ
Ǿ͵ˣ
䣬ѶȻֱжӵǰֱһ⣬϶ֱض
һ˵һ֡ǳۣУǰеء
³üէӭżĽ棬ӵһתڴ˷ƣ첻ӭŶԷĽ⣬ǡô
էΪԷУʵʧ֮壬ת֮䣬صĽ⣬պ±߻˹ȥ
ϸ˵µʵֻת˰ȦҲڶԷ⼸ѽӴ±ߵһתһԷȻҪջػ;ı䣬ѲʩչɼŪգһϰ򲻸ҳԣȴʩչǰݡ
żջصĽƣ漴ԭһһ޼
ѷдһ֣ƫƫ˰ģʵָ֮䣬ȴҲƽҪĹؼڣƼϣܸı䡣һ߿գһתƵ࣬ҼһһƬ⡣
һƣǼƽ֮أȻʩչй񲻲֮
һż˵ĽƣӣֱƳְص
ƬƵľͿһתһư׺ף
ôٵһȻδ๦Ȼպ±߻˹ȥ
ǣȴע⼰ˣĵеıһʩչĽرƳһ˽һߣͻֱ´Ķ
Ǵҵĳ֡
³üͻޣ߳һã
ɭɭ֮£ۿӵһٴת԰Ӵ߿⡣
ͷһžһգۿɫէ԰׵ϣһƬŭݡһЦͻȻУס˶ԷɭɭĽ档
ֻһ𣬷·ڽؼ͸һ˫ָȻݹ
мȹ¿Ѳ顣
͸ֵһ˫ָΪͣʵǰԷСܹͦܵס
£âһֻϵһ˫ָƳֱ֮࣬˫ֱ˹
ƣֻͣгɣصѪԷһ˫ָ֮£ҪȻֶֻ֮һ;
һʹ˵ܴ֮¡ؾƲΪ֮ɽѪڶԷָ֮£ҲԸʧֱߡ
ؿµһ˫ָ˫Ŀȴɼָ磬а͸ָ١
ؼʹжٿ죬Ҳ㡣ɿϵĽл֮
ȴҲ֣ȫ㶼עָ֣ȴ಻ܵóѡ
һി쵽˼㡣
ۿµһ˫ָ⣬Ѵ˫ͫȴ˿Ҳг
ڴ˵ʯһͻͣסĳ֮ƣɿסԷһ˫ָƮ߳߿⡣
ߣ
غһ··޾ȣֻù⻪һ˫ͫӣԷš
һ仰Ҳ˵ţ۾䲻ʧɫȴ˿֮⣬һֻĳ¶أԽϣʱ׼һչĲɱ
ɱѹȥʹҲڴƬһ˲ɱ
ҹ˪ӳŶӰܾãܾã˭Ҳû˵һ仰
ºȻЦһ
͵ΪֹɣһҲ㲻ôˣ
䣬ٿΣ볤ȡ漴Ͷڳҹɫ֮䣬һҰɣȥ޼
վԭãתء
һӰ֣ͤǰ

ͣȴ
ʵǸˣҲİ
΢΢һһ㡭ɣ
ҡ
һϮҳ£ɼأȴ֫ϼϵһɫ˿Уųӣ峺ֻϧģжϣδ̫ǸЩ
⣬ȭкμ̣
ɿһۣصͷǵ̸̸ͤɺã
˵ʱתͤ֫š񣬷ӥƵͤס֮ɱǰȥ֮¡
Ů̬ʮ㣬ṦΪˣ಻ӡ
ɵĻ֣ǰ
˵ˡ˵˴ţ
Ӧһʯһ
ɱȻãʷڴˣزͤסԶܲΪ¾죬Ȼ¡
ǰ޵ƹ⣬ɫˣԾôڰӾӦ
ĽҲһֵסˡ

˵ͣһ£żֵãƲأҲͷˡ
غһһ˫ӲԽԷս˴һۣƺʲôۼ
һЦ˵ҵƺõô죿ʵ桭˵Ľͦ磬ӿɾͱסҪɲзϣҡ
˵̫ˡ΢΢һ٣ֱӵ½ƿɹۣղδʩչȫҲ˵ȴ֪飿Ұ˼⣬ֱ棬ɻ
΢΢һ˵Ҳô˵
صͷ˵Ĵʺ񡭡
ɰһۣû˸ֱ˼ҵ֣ҪǧסҪǸˣɾͲˡ
΢΢һЦû˵
ɿ˵֪ǡҲһƴ
ͣһֵֻͣնԽ޷죬벻Ȼʣʵ֣Ϊ֮䲢ûгޡҲͲƴ
صͷô˵ȻĴãˣ
һʱԣȴתһԡ
飬Ĭϡ
شһΪʲô
Ҳ˵ˣٿػعʵ㻹һҸղ˵ģһٽһ֣ҵƿɾͲڣΪʲô
رȻһʣһʱΪ𡣶һٲЦΪҶ㻹ʶҲóȻһԼʶˣ¶˺
ĬĬעӵʶأ
Ǿβֱͬ˵ҹǡ
һˡ˳һ
Щʲô
ǡ
ԵһʱĲӣվһֻ֧°ͣĮĮתͤ⣬һʹһʱ֪Գԡ
ˣؿ̫ˣôֱ¡˼һģ
ߡعżһۡ
غƵؿȾߡ
㿪˿ڣԭһҪСŵ㡭
Сģ
ţɵһͷԤ㣬ҪСĽ䱸и
лл㣡˵Ѿˡ
ҿˣһü벻ô죬סˡ
û˵
ʮһ˫۾תţ֪⣿
⡭һʱô
ԭҪɱġ
η
ǺָˣչųüЦ˵˭֪ôģ
˾ղſǰҸһֻΪҲӲĶˣǺҵ⣬˾ģ׽
ⷬڣѲǰ֮Ͻἰһ𾴵Ʈ¥ˣֱƱ˴֪˿ǣģ⣬ڶһʱΪȡԷ̬飬ѴȻŮ
ؼ࿴һۡƽ٣һ̬ˣ滹ͷһμĻӣʶֱȫŲڡ
ЩסˡȻȴĺ棬ƮӴİһεֵĽɫ
ϾǸˣһŮ̬ˣֱ֮ȴֶһЩͬ顣ƿ˵۾ֻصϡǿԼܵȥ˽һȫܽܵˡ
޵ơ޹⣬ֻƾɫ
ΪˣɲŸо޾٩٩̸
ˣ֮⣬ˣһ۹ȥȥֻµ۰֧ĸڡΨһϣȻϾ֮䣬൱ȱźš
صĵɵʵ˼Ӱ죬ҲŪԭƽĳ
رúܲڣƫͷ˵ԭ¶֣
ĬĬصһͷУʵضˣľȻҲˡԭġ
ŵһ˫üëȻչŶģ
ֻһ績˵ϸ֣һģǺȻϤ˵ǰţ
ϧһñ¡Ʒ书
һЦ
㲻˽˵˶˽֮⣬ֻ˽
˵ʹȴҲܸıҶޡ⡭֣ллĹģҹ͵Ϊֹɣ
һ˵漴վӡɵδȴ뿪
Ʈ¥ºȻϢͻȻʱԼĪҹʱǰ֪Ϣ˼٣̳Ҳ˶ѡ
ɲʱȻ⼫֪֮һõϢ֮󣬴Ҵ¶齵Ʈ¥
Ƕʯ¥³²˯̴ľľϡ̳źƤѩէȥ˵ӣǵڴƬôͣӣȥ˿ҲǵһǰƮ
͸ӨתһˮƣʶȣӨӨ׹⣬ӳһŲ԰ʧѪüжҼ΢һͷɫҲƵɢš˿ʳ࣬ģ㶼áԴ˲²⣬˵ǲ⧣Ьʱ䶼ԵڴͷһǼʹ࣬ǰ㹦֮ˣ̣ͦüͷ壬ҡɢšҽ㲡˹ȥ
ʱҴ٣ȴˡ
֪ˣȻˡ
ɡ׹ҽƿףҵı鶼ܳء
˴һҲ˵ֻ͸һ˫۾¶ÿ˵йػ
ƿΪ˱ҪľΣڷҩ֮δѵ£˫֮һǩ
˫ǩԶһ㳣ֳö࣬벡ǩһڿԸоȫĲ
ɵһݣ΢΢ͷ
ƿʳָ벡Уȫøòŷһ߳Ϣ
Ϣ˵һĲƻƿΪ˽⿪£ͷڳ˿һۣᣬתͷԴ͵Ŀͷ
Ŀ޳£黭ĵȾвʧš
ĬĬʱ۾ֱ׹ͷ޾ϸ㵱Ψʡ
ʲôʱģʱųݣҸ壬ʱúõģôһӾַأ
׹һ˵һ漴תһɣ
๫˵˵ɣʱūպòڡ
ʱ漴۾תɣô£
صһͷ
ʱǰҽʰصʱܷ
Ϊʲôأ
ǡΪλ
ʱﶯ˺ڶŨϸüë˵Ǽأ

ôǵķأ
ġ
ƺҲֻʵʵ˵ˡ
ʱ˼Ҳɼתزã
ţʱͷȻȥˣ
Ŀ˼Ҳ˼أһ֡
ʱ׹㶼һ
ɻ˵˵˼˼УŶ֣ڼؽƿɹۣҲܲ˽˵ñʩ˴ָס˼صĽ桭
ʱ΢΢ݣͷ̾һҲǡŹҪྫ
ƴǸҪʩչкԪĹôˣ
΢΢ҡһͷɵؿɵˣһҲھͻΪ˲ƴǱ֤ô
׹ͷ֤ʵū׶ģƴʱ֤˵ĲδܸΣ֤ڣٷ
ʱͷʾ⻰ģʱҲڳҲˡ
һ̾˵˭˵ǣ˭˼벻Żأ
Ż
˵Ҳáڨڨ˵Լԭ˰֮⣬Ĺ䷢زһۣʱ˳ԡ
ۣʱѵ˵
ﲻҪţ˵˽ˣ䷢ұ£һƿڣԭҲûʲôˣֻ֤ǸصĽй֮ѡ
ʱҡҡͷ˵ֹй֮ѣ˫ؾ½ۡǷǱѰֲ𰮲֮ˣʹΪĴ澯裬˳ԣҲ֮Сأ
˵Ϊ䷢⴦ۣһʱ߷ޡ
ȻҲӦ֮У֮ԸԴԲܴ裬׶༪ˡ
˼Զ϶վñΪã˳ɱ֮⡣
ʱɫ΢죬Ŷһ
׹ҲΪ֮һˣ
ûСҡҡͷګګ˵ºʹ岻ҺȰҪ˼Ϣŭ𣬱ʱ˼ҵĲ㷢ˡ
˵úСϾֳڨ̬ȴҲֻǼ̵һֻظ
ʱעһЪٶʣ΢΢һͷʾ֪ˡ
׹ȴֱ˫۾ɰʵ׵ӣǲ׶ˣСҲ˼ҡأ
ΣҲڳʲô˵ģ
ٿ̧ͷݺݵ׹š
׹˸ӣĲǸζһΣܿ
ǵþһʱ̰⣬ƾޣʱѶҴҽƿףݵûƴ˾Ѵ롣˵ʱδޣֳΡ
Ȼ׹һйɵĴ˵ʱͷһȭƵ𶯣һʱΪ֮ãֻܵһ˫۾ֱֱš
λ̳Ĵ£ɵһۼᣬΪƽȨһеִ϶ܰǰʼʱԼҲ˹أһ£ɱ£ͷŲòԵһǱˣϼһﰵԲģܰڽڹϳӸԼʹ죬ڡ
һ졭ɺݺݵضǰ׹СҪǷҵ֪үҵ
׹һתߵʱһۣЦһ˵˼
ʱѩԹۣѶϤǰ˵һսȴ롣
ǰĵµĲ顣
ҿƴô˵ɣ
䣬ҽƿ沽˲Լͬ۾ɨӹȥ
ô
׹һ̲סվʡ
ްƿɫɵصѾҩ˯ˡ
ʱ˿վͺˣԺ󡭡
ƿ濴һۣĿ˵ǵ̸ɣ
ԭҾ벻Զǳ徲ߣ̸ݸǶв㡣
ĸƲһ䷿ӣ׹˷ţ
Ĳ׹šһ˫üëǹеӡ
ƿһ³룬ϣһƬݡ
˵ǸĲ
˵ʱǳῪϣƷʲôһ˫۾ʱζЩʲôͬô
ʱᣬҡҡͷ˵ûУ˻֮⣬ʲôûѽ
˭˵ǣƿ״Ũصʡ˵ľǻ㡣
˿ֵص㣿
ƿ΢΢һͷƽ̫ˣ⼸Ĭ츮ϣǻסƮ¥滨ܣһļҹ˱ǣٺ١棬Ҳ⡭
ָֻ֮һʢʻ¥⣬ʷ׳£ޣ˰ɳգ֪Ʈ㡢Ʈ¥ʵ޲뻨йأû뵽֮ˡ
׹ʤؿ˵Ĳǻζ
ƿ׵һͷƽֻĲˣǵˡθҪرһ㡭Ļ̫ˡ
˵ÿһֻһֲͬζʮִһ𣬳ΪһּϢҹ䣬ʱվóȾĲȻÿ˵ĸǲһģһҲûУ˾Ͳͬˡ
ƿ׵۾ʱ˵ԣʹ˯֮ԣҲ˻ξ͸һˡ
ʱһ̾˵ô˼أ
һȰеĻȥסƮ¥⣬еĻ
ʱɡ׹֮£Ϊ֮һ˴˶Կһۡ
˵Ȼ΢һ֥С£ȴѡ
ʱһͷ׹Ļȥɣ
׹һ㶣ǲס
һԵɳաÿҪԶֽˮʩʣҹ˹֮󣬸Ҫٻ֮󣬲ſϾޣѳϰߣһӸĲ
ƿ׺һѹˣôһ˵Ҹ϶Ĳ뻨йˡЩҪ쳷ֻѱȫ
ʱͷΪӣԵӣſġ
ƿ̾˿ԣЩ滨ݣԭټϦ䣬Ⱦҹ۲̦ٲ쿴Ѫɫܻȵж󡭡ɷ£˶ʱҩ֮⣬ɣҪϸء
˵΢΢һ٣ګګ˵ǷҲ
˲ɻһۣݲ
׹һڣ˶ǰ롭
ŶƿЩӣôĿǰмλ̺򣿡
ûС׹˵һλûС
ƿ֮£΢΢һԵһͷ
һֱײ˲Ż̧ͷƴĲ
Ŀǰҩ֮ʱסˣҴǰٷһҩſж硭ʱ˵ɣ
˵ʱվ𣬿׹ܹܸһˣЩɢҪ潻
׹Ӧһһͬ
תǰ̤ϳȡ
м飬Ųڣƿվס˽ţߵ׹֮ʱܹܿߣ
⡭׹һʲôô
ˡֱԣƿ׵ϵĲ飬з䣡
׹һѸ㣬Ƕס檡
ˡ
ƿ׻ǰ˼һֻۺӣعͷ׹ô˭̺أ
پ
پ
ǸղǸ꣡׹ǰһѹ˵ѵ
ƿᡰšһˡ
⡭ô£
׹ش޺޵صͿСаŶ
ƿ׿һۣ΢΢ҡһͷ黹û׼Ϲ񣬲ţ
ɡôأ
ƿҡҡͷǰѳڣһµ˵ɣ߰ɣ
ʱԶ֣軨Ժ
Ժ滨ʱһ̾˵ϧô໨Ϊ˲֪ķ˶پʱ䣬ɸɽʤֲһ̫ϧˣ˼ǲӦأ
һ߾̩辰˫ְվסŲ˭˵ǣֻΪĲ壬͹˲ôˡ
һ˵潫£ֻвʣǰضԿ˫ˣƲδȬ
ʱȴע⵽ˡ
˻ûкã
һЦ˵һСˣ㲻ʲôԭҲ֪ˣ
ʱ΢΢һͷ˵ʲô飬ңĿ΢ת̽Եصأ书Σ
˵ܡá漴ʱעӹȥ
ʱ΢΢Цһ£˵Ҳ˵òá
Ϊʲô
һ
ʱ˵˼˼ȴϲŭɫǰȻΪηһճɴ󺦡
ᣡҡҡͷ˵ҿڰɣ
ʱ˵ǰȻᣬԺɾ˵ҪҰ̳Ҿ;ЩԣȻҲ˲ףҿ硭
ɴһҲôΪ
ѵ㲻ΪȻ
ʱĿ⣬Ҫ͸
΢΢һЦƮ㣬һСҲݲ£´ʧЦΪвɡҷ֮£ôԵС
ʱһЦ΢΢ͷΪ¶㣬ѵǣ
֮£üٿһɫȻ
ʱƮλߣ߽ײ޼֮һԲ׹ǰⶥײ
вãȴҲ˼΢΢һЦ˵ϸ緢½£кεܣθΣʱ˵Цˡ
ʱһ˫۾û뿪һ΢ȼĿ¶âֻΪҪת˲䣬ȻֱһЦɼһǸ֮ˣ򲻿ӡ
ʵ˵˵ȥʱⲢ֪ƫƫΪţΪר裬վ쳤ԴԷǲ书ͺãԵ֮󣬸ɴ˵ഫڡ˵ĺֱָʹ֮£ɱ飬ΪصһɱʹΪˣƮְ˾Ĵ䣬Զ֮
ʱ͸ôһˣԲ׵Լŵȴǲɣɵ棬ԽοɾʹвͬϾɻڱʵ޴һӰ죬֮ƾ裬ǲͬն
ɶһףΪǰҲسһʱ֮ˡ
ӲãвΪŴ֪һ©Ӱģǰ֮һҪ˼ոԪ
ʱ΢΢סͷһۣ˵شȴҪúÿδȻأ
ɵͷ˵Ȼ
ʱ˵ҷǲһڣԶУ֪
Ŷδ
㲻᲻֪ʱ΢΢һЦ˵Ӧллı֮أ
ֻõͷ֪Ҳֱ˵ʵҲԼ˼ҲͶѣ
ʱĿ΢תĮĮЦҿҪллͣ
˵̧ͷһۣһ뵽˴еļޣԼشﲻ
š
³˯δѣʱҪ֪Ĳ鷢չʱ뿪ⷬˣʼδ
Ʈְ̳˾˽ˣԷĶ಻Ϊ¶ƴӣһˣǲǣиǣ浽֤ܲ⣬µʢвӰ졣ʱ죬λĻᣬܹһ˽⣬˵÷ֱɣʹΪĲãҲơ
ССŮӵʱ򣬼Ϊµ˷ʱϵˣ˵һʲôдʲôԭֱ˿̣ȻԵԼˣĴΪʲôǶδޣҲΪʲôһֱҽΪƮЧ˼ȥԭ򡭡
ǰˣݻǶӵģ书ۣ಻Լ
ʱ۾˵ڹȲǿɫ಻ǶĹ۲죬һʱʱһ˵˽⣬ֻڹؼԶѡ̸ݣȡػؽķʽ
λƮž˳ɲ˶ǰɧҹȴЩ⡣
ĵطһ̾˵Ʈ㣬ѾʮˡʶӸտʼһССʵϰֱһҳƵ϶ɽҲʸ־صһıЧȥ
ʱС磬ɫ˪Ʈ԰㣬ңǰһСŵˣһϮص¡
֪𣡡ʱ˵һֱмӣÿһԸҵûʧһȴе㵣ˡ
΢΢һЦֻš
ʱ˵֪ΪʲôҪң
Ϊˣɻ˵﷽˵ΪÿһζһεȻҲ⣬һģ˵ʲôֻҪʱȱֻŲʧ
ʱ˵ô˵ô
Ȼǣ
ҲֻС
˵ʱȻվӣȴƼ·˵ƹ⡣
ˡ
ҽƿһµ޸
ʱֻ⾲
׹Ҳ˶˺ЦλſģѾˣ
ô֪Įؿ
׹˵ô˵ģɫܺã˵ǶӶˣڽһΪ˼Ρ
ʱһͷͺˡ
׹˵ūѴ»ȥҪΪ˼׼ֻ࣬ŻԸʱϡ
ɵЩ¾ͲˣʳһҸһΪ˼һС
˵վУʱȴסˡ׼ˣαضһ٣
վס˽ţĲ
׹ٺЦľ߳Ǹشǰɣ£һϷ㣬پδ֮ǰһͣҲҸһల¡
׹˵ɣʱȻ˵ԣæֹȴڶһʱȻɫλվ
㡭
ѹסδһЦ漴
ʱſƿ滺
Ŀⲻעӹȥ
Ѿˣƿ΢΢ЦлҪλա
ɡʱ֮£һλվ
ƿ۾ȴתʱʱһȽȥһ¡
ɴһֻû
ʱ΢΢һͷڲ롣
ƿתһԵ׹Խʳˣȥ׼ɣ
׹Ӧһת
ƿһǷ༴
ΪҪ۲µĲƷչ뿪齵Ʈ¥ݾӡ
ʱµĴߣΨһܹʹԼʸ־ЧҲˡ¡㲵һʱݡ
ȴȻһЦݵƴ˵ĲѾסѾˡ
΢΢һͷһһΪѾˣܺãлҪ㣬£
ʱǰߵλŷֱ˯ĳԲһϸĽ롪ԼĪʮö֮ࡣЩϸĽ룬ÿһöԼа̣߳һͷȼŰģɢżΪϸ΢ĵ̡
ΪһϮɫ˿ۣһɫϸϣֱ
һʮö룬ȻҽЧʹܶȹΣʱ̣ٻ˯ѣڹ֮տֻҪٻԣ󣬻ʲôļܹ˺
һ벻Ȼ²ʱЦ˻ָʾʱƮ¥ĸ辰˳ȥָʾ˵ʹĻҲҪƶ
΢΢һͷʾ֪ˡ
ƿѾһУ±ȻѾ֪ϤֻǰȴʱǰЩ
ǿ϶£Ѹı䡣
ΪҵӹġһҲҪͺˣ˵ҪǣҪɵ񡭡
ʱתһ۾ָۡ£
µһͷԭҪԳȥµģһ£ҲȽϸΪʡ
Ҷ࣬ҶʱķɻãΪƮ֧ϳƽ𻨶ã˵ΪأΪŲɻȱĺ֮һ
ʱ΢΢Цһ£ȻһʼеѹأȱţȻǰȴԸ˿ʾ
һ˱һʶίΣȻٹ̵ɣ֮ôȻĵʱֻȥִжѡ
мӡҵɣʹʧ
⼸仰ȻʹһΪ֮üЦ
üˣҾ֪ʲô㶼ʹʧġ
һҫ⣺Ӧ֪δķչмϵȻǷǳ׵ģٵĵ˼࣬һͽΪˣҪرСġһڰж֧ԮǮǣ֮һҪ˸
ʱ΢΢һͷİɡһġ
㲵ѳ΢׵ޣʱһ˵ĸдССʱ򣬾Ϊ˵ɷôˣɵСŮһΪŮҲѳŮƣһʮŮˡǣ˵ӰӣȻٹ̵֮겢ٱ䣬ֻǶһŮʱڵʧ˶ѡ
ƺѿأÿһε۹⣬עʱʵѵŮ˳İÿһҲյЧ
Ȼȴʹ΢΢Щ⣬Ϊʱ۾ĹɣһĵŨĸ֮⣬Ȼһݴ۵ɣȴǹĪġ
տĿһעʱ΢΢Ӵذͷ
ôˣƽؿ˵ʲô£
ʱ΢΢ҡһͷһƺӶˡƽӦǶôƵֻǰÿһضСһɬ뾤
ҡֻǵӡ
죬˵⼸֣ͷøˡ
ݸЦˣԭΪ㿴ڲǺܺôտտĿ˲Ҳ˲ע̧ͷң
ʱӦһ̧ͷȻ۾Է˫ӷһӴ鲻ԽƿˣƺԷôţҲһǿҵѹȸо鲻Խأվǰ
˼Ҷ˵˼Ҷ˵ԼҲƳˡ
ʱ˵ţֱһͷ¿һۡ
Ƴʲôˣ
Ȼعٳˣ
ǡ˭
ɡ
ôˣ
ʱ˵涼ڴ˵˵
ʱˣܡá
֪΢΢۾αؼƽЩ
ʱӶˣֵ̫ˣѵ⡭ģ
Ҳô룿
µ۾Ŀ֮£ʱʱֱɵή
ҡȻšǡ
ٶ˵ˣвͣ˼ɣҶ֪ȻʽĳԱЩȴΪ˺ܶܳ£ЩȴǴ֪ģҲʮ
֪ʱ΢΢һ˵ֻǵӡ
һʮֲı飬ʲôҲû˵ʱ˵仰ǲ࿴һۣ漴۾һԡ
ƵΪֹˡ
ʱעӹȥʱѻһ飬ȴ˼
м飬ǰҪΪɡ
Ȼµˡ
ʱһʲô£
Ҫȥɱһˣ
˭
أ
ʱʱΪ֮һһʱֳ˾ı顣һֻظԭ򾲡
Ҫɱ
ţϵһͷ
Ϊʲô
ʱе֣ҪɱأһҲ֣Ҫ֣Ȼͺзǳ壬رΪѴѼΪ֮󣬺Ȼȴ־Ȼת䡣
ҡҡͷûж˵
˵ڵģԸĿһУҪ˵һˣرǶԷһС仰ݡڣһԸˣĻȻҲҪɱ׼ɱ׼ֻԸһ͹ò˵ԭ
ʱʵҲ֪ʲôԭ򡣸ն͸¶ֻһ֤ʵѣ²˵ά߸ϵϣΪʱ֪£ȷʵйһˣĵױΪԼвҪ׿˵ɱأΪ󻼣Ļ˵Ǻѵġ
ʲôʱ򣿡
ԽԽã
ϲһЩϲá
͸صǺĳ̽ҲָҪʱȥɱһˣǶǷĲ顣
ʱһͷ֪ˣҹǰһ顣
ȴʱߵɵˡ
˵ɣǶɡ
Ǻܶˡ
ſˡɡ׹ԼרΪͷĺ
ҲСһżɵɫ£źɫձññܵ͵͵ģƺסüëǱָרΪ̺µĸС֮һÿµʳ㣬˵ҲǾرָܹͨƮ¥֮һ˺ʵҲܴ
ΪԼ̸ʱãƣէȻʳĺˣϲ⣬ߵʾһͷĸߣǶˡ
ϵ࿴һֻۣѳεľʳУطüϴ˫ڵ
ȴתӹǰ̲͡
߲㣬ҵߣȻֻǼһ϶ѣǡڴǱ߰ӰȻ˭Ҳȥעȴŵһ־֮ʡ
ֱӣһڳϢָµʺ
ȻѾһġͿīڳһɲǣǵû޴Ŀ׹⡣
ǵµȫãԺɽҸֻ֮£ݵ֡
ƺڶԷһٿ۾Էķ⣬ǡʱָʺ
ֽ˹˵ãһԭֱʹи񹦣콣ҲΪƽѪԷ¡
ȴǶԷоģĴʺ֮гѹᴩԷһɲǼ䣬Ȼͣס˵Ľʹôϵһսرʺλǿʹʹɲס˼ٵĿ
һ˲ȫ𾪡
ɡʱ׹㶼ߣͻɲǲԼ֮ͬǰ۽ֻȴȻһ˵Ľָµʺ

Ⱥ׹һ˲ľޱ䣬ɵôҲû뵽ƽչ˳ʵĺ׳£
ȻǾ㶼죬ǣǸ˸ͲǺֽҴժͷϵձñֳԭΡء
صıĿԳ֣ڳ޲һ
Ȼ˼֮⣬ȴһ޿Ϊһ仰ҲҶ˵ΪµһڶԷ֮Ув֪
ʱɡ׹סˣ˫۾ޱȵľ㵣ֱֱԷţ㲻֪һĽΡ
عڴһƳ¼ʹٸߣҲ޻ңûôĽƷŻ⣬δȴ۵Ĺɹۡ
ǵ֮ˣ಻Į֮
ǡ㡭ɾظԭ򶨣ĵӲС
仰Ӧ˵Уרעڴϵ£˵ӦĵӲС£뵽дһУ
ʱһ˵ôȻǲģΪ㹻Ļðѽл˵
ɺһϸ˵ѵˣôȫģҪɱ㣬㻹ܻ𣿡
㡭Сôģ׹ܻ˵һǳɫ
ʵҲǰÿһģôʶ͸Ʈ¥ʽ˵ôݽڳÿʺš
ҵˣ
񣬺ݺݵ׹һֻۣظϡ
´ǣڷһ˿Цǻ۳ˣԸߵˣôҲû뵽ȻҲ䵽³һ죬ȻҲ˱ϣǲ˼֮¡ԸԷһۣԴĿ⣬ȺŶԷһ
ֻһȴٳٲ
۾ɲɣӴһ顣
¼ŭˡ
ôҿģ롭
΢΢һͷ˵һۣ֮ƣҹ㽣飬Ҳƽ˭ҲǷ˭ưɣ
ڣͻգȻС
ڴ֮ǰ˱Ҫ飬գӺƣ缲磬ԾȻƣȴƬǷɣѶ⡣
ֹⷬ䷢ͻȻ˴⡣
ڶԷĽ飬֪µΣؿ⣬ȴڶԷ֮˲Ϣ֮ת
׹һ಻ס𣬺һ
ΪԤˡһѩ衣׹µӣһƬ컨㣬ֱ
׹δ£һûԷǵضһһĸ֣Ŀ֮£Ҳųһ亹˫է֣ʩ书ž·ҲֻܻסͷȽҪڡһʱ䣬Ȼ裬˵ɢȴҲɹֻۡ۵ͷȫ˫ȷϥͨϡ
֣һ̰Ѱɿ⡣סû밵
׹ŭ߳һһԾûеȴ۵ɫ࣬˫ϥ
Ӱʱѵǰ
Ǳˣ
׹۴ˣָż֮
Ӳ˵ģ׹ʾڣ
ڣʱѲʷֱѭżض֮׷ȥ
һѸװشˡ
Ʈ¥ľӵһ졣ǿĲѶѴȥ
̵һ˲䣬ְ˾ѷ׷׳
ƿƣ¥¥··֮䣬һͨڣһ䷢һҪ񣬱Щͨڣʱר˰ط
ڸߴ⣬Ʈ̳ڣȻƷǷ֮Ƭ̣ƻԹᴮڵһػسȣԭеϡ䴮֮䣬Ӻһյէ֮£һ˶βչľ޴򼡣
һߴذ֮ʱٷСҪͷ侲һ£Ȼһ֮·
ǰƣʮԣɹʡƷչˣֻܽ߾ܣƱطҪһٶ֣ɾ޻
ڸһ֮ϣͤﻨŽأǸɫӻȻƮڣ͹ɽһ֮࣬ɽϸһͤͤʽ𣬾ǲֻ̬ͬʾﳯǵļ
ذԼĪŪͨҲǽһ֮£ȴһã˼óȻߣһ֮ʧǡʵĲźΪ֮ǰδټһ棬ʴ书Ҳֻڴˡ
ʱһ˲ʧȷǰѵʱƺдʹʶսãҪʩ֣ŴʹΪǿĶȴ벻ٹ齳һȻʧƽ׵طŹ
һػ̹źһټʱ˫伫
ʵǰˣʱǶԷӪڵκһˣ˿꣬Ҳصٲ飬ƴʱɶ߶۾йһ֮ʣطΪ𣬰ӣ֮£ڽ֮αԲͬ
ذȾī¶ϣ۾ƼӰɽڷͤ١
ſĺɫ£ĸߴ󣬽¼죬ȻԴһϤת˲֮˽ǰ
һڴ־׳ֳ־δ󵶣һϸոǹ
˵ǶԷӪڲ㵱һ֮۵齵̳ɾ;һѰ֡
ؾҪΧ㲻顣ǰ˵ʹƽһһ׵㲻ٳɡ
ºӣһͤǰ࣬ǰĺ׳ӣȻֵؾǰɵóһʱͣ½Ų
˭
߳δ꣬ѶƮ׳ӺؾݵնֽһһƬֱӭһԭڼ֮Уٿطƾ졣ⴥĪνʵ͡
׳ôʵĵȻΪһ߲֮൴ǼԤڣٲɣٿǰ̤һн쵽Ϣʯ˹ȥ
һзü졣׳Ӽֱû壬ѳԶԷȾīĽ̽š
˵ಫ˫ԹһھۣŽͶ̣ǧһ֮ʣܿ˶ԷҪųİγһѪŭżĳһֻƣ䵱Ѩ
һƣзִ磬һֹס˶ԷѪ߿ʹԷٳô˫һգֱֱͦͦ
Ƽѷٻһӭһֳָǹĺӡ
Ʈ̳ҲС㣬˳ֿǹԭڽҶµǵΪϱ˵õ̳ЧҲ꣬벻һĶͷ
˫һ棬ݷ߳һϸǹӳһ£һ亮ֱرȥԭǸǹңͨΪִƣǰԲԼмѰϸȴǹβһ࣬ӣԳ֣˲λһɳĵ̣״Ϻ룬罣ɵʩչ
ݷͬһΪԷƽϣָ֪ǹһݳʵƣž͵һѷ⣬У˿ڵѣལһ
ʱԲϮӣгԻֱ£ݷӭǹмܣһͣһǹϸִ̣ΪԷ䣬ʱһ
ԭֵǿ¶֮οһĽڳ䡣
ݷէȻ֣ǲŽƵ䣬ǹϻıţֻǹ֣ͬһǹѣһΪ
Ӵֻ۵ݷڵϴ˸
է֮䣬Ʈ磬ǰ£ʵƷ磬ѻ־Ѩϣݷ𣬱һ˹ȥ
Ѹײڶؿٳ֣һƷ˶ˣӲͣذεضֱ¿䡣
ݷڣЧӰУΣٿٿ䣬ֱǰй
һȻͨǰʽӦɽ⣬ֻƣòʱǰ֣һȵĽɫ纣ࡢ񵯽ȫһԼ
ĿһӰĿǰУ¿ɼ֣಻෸
һһ̫ʯ󣬼ԾһҲƵģʱķͤӵȥ
̾һաٻڵǰ֮С
ľ˼ʹԿð£ȵС֤ݣҡΣǺȶ˾Ƶͣһûڰ֮С
֨֨ԼԶʾͤӱΪԼƷˣΪԷ֣ٵļж漴չ
ǵȲͼǰֻÿ롭ƫƫٲǰżȣòӣС
ǰƹһƣٿǰչ
ƹ˸һ˱峤ƣжңһˣ˽ʺ¡
ˣ󣬻һҶˣϾһڳ쵶էȻص·ֿһӭͷĽڳȻ죬ֱͷֱ¡
ضȻֱֹ˸жһĳڳХУ£յ㣬ȴ±ҲδţȻʩչһʽŵǼ侲ʶ͸ȣסΪˡ
һʽգʧȻһһϳһȦ⣬ʩչžʺŪգˢˢȻҶ˼ͷѪŭӿϳ԰ѳֲסϡ
ϳɣֱȡǰҪ
˹һĶˡ
սվʵ·żݣûڰ֮С
ǰһɰأȴͨһšһߵƵص׺֮£ŵһƬˮ̡ǰţֻޣпɱ֮ƣʩչڣͿǰӰƮһŮ෽
˫էһ棬ؼϳԼͷʹ¼λˣɲסԽҲ
˷ɻʱ
ʱЦӯӯ
벻ɣּˣ
˵ĵ෽̤ȴھԷǰվס˽Ųɫ΢Ц̾ʧȴһ˫ˮͫֳɱ
û뵽£Ȼڶ̶̼ʱ͸󷨡ֲ㿴أΪĸˡ
ʱС磬ƮҲ෽һؽѣ֡
¡ϡǡ硢һƺǰʵ
ӵһۿʱҾ͸Լ˵ɶġ˵ǲһĵһ촬ϳн̣ǱȻʵδܾҿҪúõһˣɣ
˵ʱһֻϸ֣ס󽣰ѣ۾ĹɣĪ⡣
Ĭǰ˽Ϊ򶨡˵Ҳ޳ޣԿƣ̧ܸ֣ݹҹм
˵úɡ
ʱ΢΢һЦ˵ҹ󺣣ɾˣĺɵղŻᣬѷ꣬ȴߡĻᣬ򲻻еˡ
˵ĵϳһХȻʶ
ʶδãȴۼ֮侲һ˵飬ˮǰ˵ãֻ÷һƴˡ
ԣ
ųĳֱ֣
ڽӭһ飬ȴֽŽĻ䣬ءʱ˫˫۶
ʱһ߳״ָ⣬ڴ˽۶һֱвϲ
һһתнɸ߶£ļͷ
˫죬ȴʿɶϣٿתȻ˵һغϡ
ʱת
سѹС
׼Ӿͷ˫߾٣һεضҼأһףڳһĽӴǡƼ΢ȴ˹ļ񾢵оգҲֻ˫Լ
ƺÿһжż˼ŽƵĳ֣ҲֻԷĹش磬Ϭֱֹܷ˫Ȼ֮䣬㵽ƾ
ףʾɱš۹˫ڴһʽӴʵѸ伫
ش˿ľԲͬʱרעһ£עΧʱ߽֮亹졣
һƹ˸߳Уƥһǿ⣬ֱ
ͬʱǿҵĵƹ֮󣬹죬һǼʸżƿֱ֮żǰ䵽
΢ʩӳгǰһżʸϡͬʱ䣬𣬴׹׹䡣
ʱƫƫЦһһ̰ظٶϳµӣһԵֱֻ֡⣬ӰµĽ֮
ǰдƽѶ̽ģһ֮󣬲иҪöࡣƽƽп˳˼֮ҹ˿̣ȴǷķʵӦ˴С
ǵǿҵƹ⣬ƥ㵱ͷֱ䣬̵ۻңһżʸǲ׷䵽
ӽšڼʩչԣܸãǿУһڽ仯ͨ񣬾Ǵ粽ᡣ
꣡һ⣬ɼؽϻȥȴ˫ɲǼ䣬𡣻һι⣬ֻһΪԷ߱ϻ糤̡ķǳһѪڡ
һշ֮ƣ⡣ʱȴǷŲһ߳ʱӣ
ȴһˣҪһ
һƵģɱ߲මԾһӰ
ѼƺͶʱĳ֣һ£棬ƴݣʵ죬ʩչһֺ׷ֻ֣һ£סʱµĽơţͻһֱʱϴƷ缲ɹۡ
·ͻȻôҲû뵽ԼӪȻðһ˵İ֡ʱһ֮£ʽѾϣ˳ַһȻʩչȫһڳɶԷƽָͷѣһѿһ֮ƣһ˳⡣
ʱ˵Ȼǰûܴ衣˵ʱûΪԷǹɳʵУȴҲһֻս֣һʱ
δ£ڴʧȥ˵ӰֻǸعˣҲѲ֪ȥ 







 

  
ʮһء׺ 

飡һʯű߿ɽ쳣ڰֲָɭɢŲľʪùõ
ݶ˵ѱ˽
ǸҲʯͷ漴ֳصعϡһһأɽ𶯣ºܶСʯͷӶ
ǽֻ˴ʹæ֣˿ڴԵѨֹסѪѪȴ˲٣·ʪˡ
оˣǰ
ǰڵýʹϰҹӵĹȴҲʩչؼ¹۲죬һ
ģֻԼˮƾһؼ²֪ǰΪһٽʯΪͱʯڼжԲ档
˵˼һµģܳһʱ䣬˭Ҳû˵һ仰
ƺôԼļŲǰ̤ȥ漴ֹڳš
ֹһز̾˿˵Ƕô
˺һ
žણһɻ棬ŶԷ֣ȼš
ʱɽһУεسǰ
أۡ
Ѿ³㣡˵㣬˭Ҳûһ¡
һ˵վŶԷһȴֻһ˫۾ԷţľګȻĲɣȴһ¡
ܵǣһʱ̡
㲻ٻȥˣګګ˵
Ȼ΢΢һЦ
һģ˵ʱǸѾͷ̫Ҫɱ㣡
ؿ΢΢һЦ׽ʵȴǲ׹
ߡɣ˸еشͷȼգһɺѬ
ҡһ͸㡭һ֮һķεСֶֽסС಻᲻أķ֪Ǹʲô
úš¶һЦţ⼸ʮѪˡҡӡǣ֪ܿö
Ѿ֪ʲôˣʵжһᶼ˳ȴֻǿ΢΢صһͷʲôҲû˵
ҴӦҪ̸ĽвҲ桭кܶġͷ˵ոͽܡ㡭
Ȼлᡭ˵
̫ˡ
¶Цˡ
غȻһôһ߰ɣ
һ£ҡҡͷ˵ҲߡҲˡ
ȻǰһִֻؼϣζĻһ˫۾ȴʹڻӳȻǲҰײһ˿Ѫɫôı˴˶Կšؿ۽ǵβ·ǵް׷ڣʵһжİġܹҲûм棬ھȻŨҵĸԣ٣߹Ʒʣѳ̰ȻȻǲϷ֣󣬸
ǾְɡСѣټˣ
صһ£˿
һĻΪ֮Ϩ
տիݵĻɶոմӣ߳ţ
һС̤ľţ֨֨ҡǰ
ѹεĺӣףѮȥʮ£һ߳꣬է£ֱɶһ
Сʵ޻һɫֶǰӣҲͬһɫ
Դӳʵ۵𣬳ڰգд˼Ҳ⡣ֱƽ廪ɽ֮󣬰ʱƣŲװˡǰҲͿⰭۡ
ʵֹӣ̧εСˣѹεǸ׺ӣҲһ
ʱģͷ˵ѾȥʱˣȴȵýغӵΣϸϸ˿ѹҲһ£ͣġһˡ
ɶֻŽӷ㶡͸ӣЪˣƫ˵й˵ţ˵û֣ʱˣʱ粻ľðôһλ
ѵ˵νĹˣ
ӽҿ˸޻Ůʿͷϴŵڣȴŷɴǿ۴䣬ȴڲסõӣ¶İؾЩգԽɫҼ
ϣŸ̵ָȴŸױεŮʿȴټĪֺɶһ˫۾ֱˡ
ֻʲô﹫ӣԻһŮʿȽɫҲϹ˵ĳƺ
ǡ
ģ׺ֱ˫۾˵ͷڲڣ
ʿ޹٣˳ϴӣϴˣƽ֮Զڴ˵ᾳƵһơ
װŮѽţ£ͣסŲȴ׺΢΢ô˵ģ
أ
׺æ˺һĿڳƺôɶתһӦڡڡѹʱˡ
һ˵æ߸ߴ
׺ȴʱô֪Ҫ
ɶЦ⡭ϡ棬֪˼ҲҪʱѾˡʱô
˵ˣ洫ɶֶ໰ˣ͵ǰʧ񣿻ѹô
֮£Ӧһŵǰ롭
װŮӻ̴ӵ״˵ţýˡ
һżöֻο
ѾٲӭŵװŮӱȭ΢Ҿ롣̽롣
洹С
ˣװŮӲٶǣ˽һɴ·ͬһڣһժ
ϴ˻̧ͷְҵԵǰŮϸϸȥüˮӣǣֱһ˿ϸᣬ֬ƹɫ㡣
֪ͨǰֻ̣Ϊæ鵽죬ݼָ̡࣬ɫˣһհףЩʱеľϣ˵̣ý
ϴһЦ˵̫ˡ̹
ˡ
˵ʱŮȡ˸С˹ȥ
˽ӹ򿪿һͷꡢ¡աʱų֡
ǵƽٷš˶ָһ죬һС
ʷҪЩʲô
ңŮҡҡͷôƺңҲһŮʿ
ϴӺٺЦˣʲôۣ𣿡һȴһ˫ϸӣǰźõ漴ԷӹȥˡϷֱ޻䣬ۼ࣬һƷ֮ǣӶ»ϳ󣬺պպաʹһƷвڶɣˮţѽֺ֮ͨˡѽѽĪϷ۾׾ˣ
仰˵ǰŮɫ糺죬ȴ˿ϲáΪ֮˻һʱӿ˫ͫӨӨ׹
Щǡȥˡ
ǡҲҲϴһ쿴ǰ֣ڸ֧꣬˫͸ʮˣ죬е֮٣ֻǡ
˵ɡ
߯ʺˡ
⻰ô˵أŮ÷˿Сĵؿһ۽ǵᣬУǿһ˿΢Цϱʩۣ֬üˣʹ壬ȴҲŲеٻ֪ͨȻпࡣ
Ϸֱ˵˺
ԭҪֱ˵ġ˵ɣ
ϴӵͷ˸֣Ŷ˵ж£ּ󣬲岻Щ
̧ͷǰɫˣֱ޻ŮӼһȴϣ˵ˣꡭ
Ǻܿģ
ϴԭ˵ǰѳڣԷ֪֮һܿıС
ǡϴӻ˵֧˫ʵޣ˵˷ա漴ɫǵˮѣһȣطꡭ
˴һ˵
ϴӵϲǰԲ֮죬ٽ٣Բˡ
ŮԽصһͷ
⻰ǲġ
ܸ裬ʫʸ踳жˣĲɣպ󸻹ˣר̣̽黭ʿ˵ȴרʣ⣬󶼹꣬Сһȣطꡱʵ˵һټޣǰٷˡ
ϴ鴫仰УѰǰһǾܲվ
ǣȴּ
ʡ
ϴ΢΢һͷʾδ
а̹أһáƣ治棬Ŀǰʵ磬ʱ򡭡Ҵ
Ӳ˼ͷ֮壬ԿɽԵ֣
ɫһ̾ôѽ
Ҫģʿ̧ϸϸƷǱȵУ֮𣡡
ȴֻ΢΢Цѡ
Ǵλϴ˵ǰ檣жʸ˳棬˲ݣ칷ɣ֮˼
˵ҪҰȥסˣ
ȥһӵĺã
΢΢һͷ漴վ˿ȡһϣ˵
ллת
ϴŴ󶧽˵̫ˡ
˼ȡղջأϸϸ˵˾䣺࡭ûСģɡ
ϴЦ˵֮Ϸߵлˡ
һ˵ߵݣȴΪһ˫ϸסҪҵ
ϴӱ㲻ٶ
ɶӣˡϴ˫˫ʱѴǰһɴϵǰټӣ
׺Ӵһֻ
ϴһŵأʷǡ
ѽ֮£̵˵˸֣漴̧
ڽ˵ǲҵıգұϡڽΰ̤£ӱתһȥˡ
ǳСδǰ̤˶ţϴӲƺȻˡ
£ϡŶ
һʱϡ棬ƵƵصͷ̾ѡ
ɶһ߿Ų⣬˵Ůʿģ
ϴֻҡͷ̾Ϣ˵ѵãѵãֵɫ
ɶüë˵ҪȵĹˣһŮС
С֪ϴ̾Ϣһ˵ǹһŮôˣˣ
ǡĸ
ٺ١
ϴһԻζŷ龰˺һӣſ㶵ɶͷҲ˵ôҲ֪ʱд˵ƽԲԲѽ
ɶһŴ죬ǳԲԲ
ǻд
ϴӳ˿ƵƵͷֻ֬۶һֻͽɫѣȴû뵽һʶʱʮ԰֮ˣɼ²ֻƾܲ⣬Ҫǣѵáѵã
ɶȴǲȻǳԲԲȴô˸Ůʿأ
֪
ͷһֻ³ĺ룬зֻ۾ԲԲȻǸŮ˵ϵΣᣬžʣԳƾʦԸ壬ҾŮйءһŮﵣ˳ذƽ³֮裬ܼݣζҲͿ֪ǲǻб飬ɾͲö֪ˡ
ɶһ˵˶˵Ǹ꾫ǻˮҪ𻹲Ͷ峯Щ˶ūأ
˵һһڳѷô
ɶϴ¾ǳһֻ˵˿࣬Ůӣ˸ɣֻǳԲԲȥɲסһ
ɶһҿȴ˽ȴǸò㣬еĶ๫
˿궥಻ʮ߰꣬һɫ秳ֱ֣ͷüۣģϸ½ۣ˵һӶ˵Ĵ磬ƫƫͯɣü۽ǣʱ棬ȴ֪ļҴլĸˣˡ
ٿ˩ŻưƥһģСˣӬģϲӬԶطһ˫ºӾᰰ֪ǰǷһ·
ɶһ£ӭŻ๫ǡ
ģ
˵ţǰ¡
⡭ɶګګѾϢˣˣ
˵ʱɶһعͷϴӿһۣǰɣ
ϴӿڣȴǲдãҾ㲻ô
ǸղųԲԲȥ֮ʣ˼ҶƼˡ
ϴһվ˵ƹλ๫ЪҲ٣๫
ƻϲվϴ澲ҡ
˫ϴ΢Ц˵ԭ๫ˣ
һͷ΢صãǸŮʿһѡ
ϴӵͷһ˫˵ϸͫӣѰѶԷ˸ϸԽݳڣϮˣɣƫƫһкϣˡ
걻ԷֻۿùֲڣЩȴ޴ѭﲻãɴ۾Էȥ
쵽Էа棬ϴӲ΢΢Цˡ
λᣬҲ
ôһ԰ɣ
ʹáϴԺУҡһ£ļöǮ죬ʲô
ʡѰ˼ˣ
ţ
Ժҡ˼£档
ϴӸԣҲſ
Ҹ磡˵ĸʲôʱܼ
ϴϸĵز쿴һ飬̧ͷ
ô
Ǹԡϴ˻˵ִԼȥˣ
棿ʱһ񣬡ʲôط
ǿɾ˵ˣ
ʧؿӣЩ˵ô˵ڰ㣡
ϴȴǰţʱһָƶǰǮ漴̧ͷ
ȥˡ
ʲôطûգ
ɽϴګګ˵һƬ뵣塭
һ˵дʣȴĴָָͣϣˣչߺ䶯ףִ󰲣Ŀǰա
ͷƷͺˣֻôҵأ
סϴ˵ֿƴ֮ˣ֮ӿС㱨ϸ
Ҫ˵ȴҡͷҵİֿɲ㣬ֲǸҸ㡣
ôֵİֿϣ
룬ͷȡңЩŮ˽ҫԣóһ壬תϴӵĳʱԼɣ
ϴӦһ˫ֽӹϸϸ꣬ϵİ˸ֿȴʱ̽ǰСģ֮˵İӡ
С๫ǵÿߣʦ˵ǰ滰óڡ
ѻ⣬һϴù񻷣վߡ
ϴһ֪ιʣѽͣסţ˰붧ӣϣϴһۣͷ˵ˣԺлᣬ̣
˵꣬ת
ϴǷ
Ϳ͵ĵԷݣֶһλŻµĿˡ
˿겻󣬲ʮ꣬߸ߵĸͷ
ʱ˿̣˱˫֣洰š
һƬĺɫǰأУʱһǰӵţһϱ۶ȥƳǿҰȼǰƮ̡
ϴĿעȥŻعתǰ˵ˣϷҪЪˣɣ
ת΢΢һЦ¶׵ݵҲģ
ϴһޡôǡ
ǵ˵ģ
ȡϴӲ׹ЦԭϷ򷽲˵ˡˡ˵ʱɶųŰ壬ϰװȻǳһ
ף
ϴڳѷæԷ˵λǵġ
ˣ˵һ䣬תһԻ¡
ϴӵͷϷˣˣתһɣ
΢΢һЦ
͸ӣտիǿ⣬˷֮ԵŵĿǲԷԼڴˣҲܸ߿ֻ÷ԸɶΪʹһ裬Ըת䣬ŷȥҴңΣȻ𷽲ʾ壬Ϊ֣ԣɵñӣϸϸ
ȴִ֪Ƿףǹ󲻿ԡɰѽһ
ɶΪͻ˵һ裬֮£ɲסһæ˽
ϴصǸСԶô
ɶͷûӰˣôˣ
ϴҡҡͷȴǲԡ
ԭǸϵİ֣ϸ֮£ǽӦǾ֮һ죬ҪǰһѣָʾԷȲˣȻˣֺαضһ뷽ߴҴҵӣ׷Ƿʲô¹ģȻ˲⡣
ˣȴŲ
ŷȻرƿӻǰ
һʽĻƽͷ°׿ӣ⺷˵ĲǺ롣
֮꣬һһĿ¶׹⣬ߵһ峤ĿһŸҲΰǲżһü
Ĵһ˫ɷϴʦͽէ֮£㲻һ
ףģһ˵ɶǰȴΪĵһ˳ȥһ߳ȥ
ɶӿɾʹˣƸԪһһײ˸߳ż飡ֱײͷۻһ˹ȥ
߸̤һϴӴ߳ղǸСӵȥˣ
ϴګګˡ
ˣЦܣղһת۵Ĺܾˣ˵һ϶ŪĹˡ
ϴ־ˣһʱ֪Ӻ˵
߸ŭ߳ѣٿԱ󳸳ˢ𣬵է֣ȻѰϴ²ն¿տգ˲ڡ
ʱͷǸڴ
һҷ̤Ūȴûзʲô漴Ѳ顣
ɶ״ѣɵ𣬴еǸʲô
ȴϴӽס̾ϢˣѰɣǴӺ˵𡭡
ЪէȻ𣬰ɱڵѶһ˫ѩ۵ȻƵϴӵǰ
ϴŵ˺󣺡㡭
ȴΪ˫ͷ˵ǲصȥˣ˵㣡
Ъȴһֺαأ
·ϣźһǸȴƮ
ϴɶϳˣǷ˵˵Ǹ¿ˣ㲻һ
Ż֮Уû⵽ԭûǰ棬ȻɷƮ£ֱ͸飬ÿ˶Ϊ֮һ
һ֮£Ȼջ˫ֱһ˫۾ţ㡭ģ
ãҾô
˵ʱ˻ٲģһɡȥᣬȴֵĸ꣬Ŀ⾼ݼ
³⧣˶סˡ
˵۾򰫸עӹȥҪҵ˼Ȼˣֺαظ˼һ˹ȥ˵ʱ΢΢һЦϴȥΪȴ˸Լú㣬󼺵ҵ˵ĺã
仰Ѹӳ˵ϴɫͨ죬áĸ߸ӣ״һ㶣ô¡
ӵָˣŭСӳĽ֣˵
һ䣬ǰ˫٣ˢ§ͷǶֱк
ȴ֪ô£˫ѩۿѽԷͷϣȴ˫˫䵽˶Էϡ
˫㣬ڻϣȴǲ
þ˳ȴܶ˫һʱҲ˳ⷬ龰һԸ߸ͷ֪ͷȴҲۿͬ˰ƣŭ߳һ
Цȥ˫ֶͷ˴ѷ˳ȥһȴ⡣Щͣ͵һԾȴҲŪûͷǱ
֣ⷬȻˡӷ׳ȴӭĸ߸ͷ߸ӵһѳͬ˫ѩ߹է֣ˮᲨ㣬ֱԷϻնȥ˰أһա߸ƫĵ棬˵߶ˢػ˹ȥǿ˸աȴǲģŭ߳УֶָٿطֱֿŻͫ
˵Ȼ֣ʱγƣصֽмֱһĿõ˸ɢ
⾪³棬ûӼ̺ܾá
˹ȻǱѰת֮䣬˸߸ͷһ˫ָ
߸ӳּͣһ˿գɲס˸ģȴΪ˳Żĳֻ֣࣬һס˶Էͷһʽֵĳ֣ڳֵɡʱ䡢λƵǡôһ֣Էֱܣֻ׵֮һ;
˽ָֻסԷĺᣬ߸ô޴󣬰ҲƵӣǶáӿǴˣһʱ䣬ֻǿԴͳ˰ʶС¶͸ϣɫһ˻ƽϢУѣʱҪ군ӡ
ϳȫήţҪ
ǡʱԭǰ֮״ŵɵˡ
˵˭ģ
һֻŸ߸ʺ˵۾ȴ򰫸ӱӹȥ⾰Σֻ֣Ҫָ΢߸Աȫ
Ӳòȫͬһʱֻŵɫѩףҡֵ顭л˵˵˵ǡ
˲ĿԹֲֻۣûɿһֱɸ߸ѷ˰ףۿҪ군
˵˵֣֣ӿŻˣүүġ
˺һɿŶԷͷϵһ˫ָۿѾˣȻشϢһ˶̱
ӻŲǰһزסﻹǰ˿ҴŶ죬Ķݡ
ϴӺЦŻһ˵°εϷⲻ⡭һݡ
ʱѰⰰ֮΢Ц࣬ģˣ°࣬ס£Ϊ°ȫƣʱһµĺã
ϴӺǺЦ˵úãϷд⡭֪˴ôƺʾ
һЦȴǲ𣬾Դͷһɳ۶ȥ
ѾԶ˵ıӰϴӿ̾һȴû˵
ɶһԵ˺ô£˵˵߾ߡӰȥ١
νײβˡѵãѵá
һ˵ѵãϴĬĬͷ㲻ٿ
Ϧд̫࣬һƽѸʵĹˣıҸһҲ˽ȥȥ֮ǰ˵òµǰˣסպ󻹻ʱܼ˵ٴγ֣˵Լһ쵽Ϊ˼˵׵ٵͷԼȴһɥ֣ȾȻûһЩ׷һ̣ΪˣҲñŷʡ˺ˡ 







 

  
ʮءξŹ 

һԽӣ˶ûͣЪʲôƵģһۡʹѾǺҹˣջƮϸ꣬Ҳ˼ͣԽԽ󣬸¡¡磬ÿһ𣬶ȼշӵĻǰģͨͨɷˡˣð꣬ʮǰͣ
ʱѽʱҹɫýѸ״򷿶Ϲȥ¡¡顣
ͳ£ѡ˸ٴλ
ֽڷתƵĹϢԼĪʹǼѷڵҡջ
ϻСˣһǾƣʣסꣿ
˵ͷӹÿͶ޵Ǽǵᣬʵء
Ͽ࣬鶼дˡ
ȴע⵽īɵ֣ʶϵԼҪסĵط
ֻںƾƣһŴӵŮˣǽڲŪá㲣ˣֻΪҿջҹ⣬Ϊ˶̰ǮòšǸ̰Ƶĵһžƣֻ̰ĴۣÿһĿšǰȴֻǼóǮ
Ȼš¡¡صϹţһһŪ
һδĵ⣬Ѱƿ˷ۣʳã޵ջں棬ԺӵҲˢķǽӳĿ׵ôۣһٵǡ⵱ǰ
ƥڵĺȻ٣ƷͬСɡһæҷӭСУʵ˰졭
ΪȻһȺˣͶע⡣ǸߴɢͷӣʶԾվ뿪Ժ롣
˳ɷǺȶˣһ·ббǣ£֪˵Щʲôһʱ
ãиƴŵչţ뱧Ű
⵽סǼ䷿Ҳ˩Ÿ«ǲ۲۵һ߷ˡ
߿ͷŵƣиԶԶţҶ裬ȡջõˡ
أţ˸ĵ⣬ߡһʱ껹ͣס
˴غµ齣ȴֻǱĿ񣬲ʹԼ˯š
ʱǰСˡ
ط´Լʰ׵Ϩ˵ƣһͳͷϣ¶治һЩ⡣
СˣǺڵýŨ赱գһƬڣȴֻǰȼżյֽԺ䣬ٲһЩ⡣
ڶǰƣرעŶԺһϷеƹ͸Բٳɣҡ˶߼
ˮյģţṦѣҲް䣬ƬԺ䣬һʽӲҹƮǰ
һֻèͻɻг
ؼӣסֻèȻһľ
һ˫ӰһٿŶһǣڲסӣգֻȻڳèȻԷ۲֮С
ǰһƬ˵˲壬Է˵ȴȻۣһʩչɵȡ
һϷֽŵƹ⣬˵ȻǱˡ
ز
ǰһżȻ̽;Ǹаĸꡣ͸飬Զ϶뵱йϵ԰и棬һ·ֱᾳļգĹ۲죬϶ϲɵ˿ʾԷΪ˰и棬ܲΪˡ
տիݵľһ֣֤ӰŵɱȷΣ֡
ʵֺֹһ桭ȥ۵һĻٴݣֻǵѡ
һҵԮ֣˵Ʈ¥Ĳأ۵İΣ֪µʵģԼ͢ȵʮɱؼʹĳҲղܡֻǰ˵ĽѵòΪСĶѣرǶƮһ棬нġ
Ǿþ̣ᣬǰˣԹۣŻУرǶԷٳδ֣ݵġ
ˣȫȻ֪ȴҲѱ⡣˼Уǰˣѻƣ͸΢Ĵǰȥ
ǰηԾݼ춯չʹֱƾӾ̬ܶ࣬һоӦǰ֮Ӧˡ漴һɨѷ춯
һСӰӰһɲᣬվ㣬ȴһ䣬ӲŸ棬漴Ǽۼ⣬ʱע⣬һͱ˹ȥ
˵ʱ٣ʱ졣ǰҹˣ˫˫ǰȴ֪˾ҹӷǰһۣһ죬һƴ
ⷬǳ֮⡣
ƾرװõĿͲʲһ䣬󣬺ҹʲô֮ϸСɰ
֮һ׵壬ѽһ˸һԴУͨһ˲صڵϡһڲӽδУȴҲԾСﻹŲˣȴû죬ȴ󿪣һԾ֮һ죬ˢִһƬʲ
һڶԷн䱸εÿ죬ûΪУһ·ɵĶӡ
Ծˣţһһ̤򵹵ߡ
ȴһһӰбÿҹֱò
ʵѿŸΪҪʱĳֽӦȻһӰȻ죬ֱŶԷϻ
˼ֻˡ
ŻӳӰҽŷɴЮŴɾ磬ԷһǸɷԾˣ㲻òÿ
һȵֿ֣ɹۣȴǰŲﱧͬ飬ݣŲ
ǰƴңôһ֣ѷֱ˵ƹ⡣˴ŵǰԺԶߺҪҵң࣬ҳһƬ
ôҲû뵽龹Ȼݱǰһ־棬ؾúܺЦ
ʹںڰ֮Уһ˫۾ҲûзŹעˡ
һǸȵˡθߴȥ磬ڰ俴ȴֱܷһȥ׷ħعԴ˶У˵Ǹߴɢͷˡ
Ѿ϶һߣ书ǿԷǷȴҪ߾
ȻȴҲûһˡǸСӰźɫ̫ڣԶСε÷þĿ˼ǶȣȻδܿ塣
ڻҿʼ֮ǰȥɿ죬ȥ֣Ǹߴɢͷ֮ϣǵһ棬һ
עĵˣǶϷסǸˣʵֻæУ̲ס̽״⣬һ£ջӣ֡
ȴϳռտիǸ»
ҲһЩգ鵽ǰĴն񣬱ýСЩֻǱϣϰ˹ȥųģһβ׾ҲⷲҡһпܲΪԷ갵һ亹
ȻֱڣԷ֣ϣȻĪȴѶٻɣ϶һϵԼֹػĶԲʧ֮ۡ
漴˻ء
ĻչϷ½ǳҪ׼ǣδôӮһ̡
Ϊ˲ʹǸߴɢͷϳԼرĴһ°ɫ£ʽҲı䣬էһ˵ģ
ԺﵽǻˮҹһʹոĻľȥޣ˴
Ҫһ㣬ؿ˵ǮһƾһЩʳųһ룬һӰԺԺһˣӲʣһӰͷУտիǸꡣ
ҹ˾ţһҹû˯ã·Ⱦ˷纮ö֪ʱȥȴвݡ
ҹһ֣סȥˣһ˸磬˼뿪
ջ⣬ȹͺ
ģ۵Ļ꣬ԭģֻǴ˿ӲʣֻøΪ˳
һˣڼп㲻İǽ꣬Լרŷһ֮⣬ˣȴ͸žҹڴ֮УѾʶǵּ֮
ְ֪¶һˣԽɫҴңڿ͵ϰһĹлУĸ˴ҴҵزջǸģ˲м꣬복ᣬƥһӭŶ³ĳ۶ȥһɧȻƲС
ظŴһ̿üͷһ塣
ȴ̲ס˵˭Ҹ˲ͷС
˵պ飬ȴƺǾŹӡô֣ǿɾͲˣֻǺʩǮ
˵Цһ̰ӡ
ǰ˵ջһˣ𻰵Ȼ˷ͺͷС۾ӡ
˵ĵҲѻ˵ҲãҪȻ£ĹӣˣԼ֪ǣϲС˽ȥ
˷ٺЦ˵˼øǮѽסһ͸ʮӣȥ
̾һ˭˵ǣҲסѽ˵м£Ҫܹųҹ
Źӣ˷зһ˫Сۣû˵ء
˵ɺֳһˣŽˣҴˡæ
мأԽǲ㡪ӣԶ
һ·ۣеʱ⣬ʮŹЩܲסˣС̽Դкǰĳʽţͣͣͣͣ
ͣ
űΪŹӵǸ꣬ɳ̽ͷ۵˼ڣŻ³ٻ
泵Ӽ״æ˹ȥ
ô£
СܲסŹ˵ҸطЪЪ
ǸСף̲סȥĶͷӴһ˵ˣ
ȴָֻˤûأ
ϴһĨ죬Ž
һŹ΢ţ⣬ǿȥ
ҵСүⲻǼȥȥ
ҲܣŹţҿʵûţ÷
һΪѵӡŻµһ̾ðɣЪţҵǰȥһ˵ţȴݸͷͬкţСĲ¡
ЪȺ۵糸ӿ
Ϊ˵Ĺһ죬ǰϳʽӴһǰмһԣ䳾
ӵ̤Ужӵǰ
һʽĶ¾װ峤ȴһ˫ֳֳĺ׳졣
˼鷢ֻһѽԷϳİʽ£ЦһָȵܲˣѳСϣĶȲҪȻϳľ³
ڵСףŵɫ䣬һ˳
泵ӣǳԾСиݵһѸϳԯ֣߳壡
ع촦Զ׳ϣַһֱȡϸݺǰģȴΪֽ߳ס
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬˵һߺȣһӵϣֱΧ˹
泵Ļºӣһڹͷֵ԰ǰȴ֪ͷĺºӣ˵á˵һЦСϹϰСһֻǴԷɵǰ
ºӾһ԰ȴ⡣һ죬ǴײͷѪĽһ׵Ϊϡá
ºҶȴҲŵòᣬµӣǲǣǶԷϵĺ׳ȴǷ
ºδվԷһֻǴѺٴһţֱȡ˵أػ˸š
һͣºѪ֮εãŶԷǴƣɳȥ⣬һͷײɽڣڷ
ⷬ濴ͬ顢ǸݺܲΪ֮Ŀģ﷽ԾһٳУǶԷϺºӵһ˫Ǵȴ˵á˫ʩչɷԲ⣬ȫ֮С
ݺϵδԷ϶һǣԺٽǰƣ㡣
ѽϵĸݺӾһһʹ㣬ҲѲۿͽѪڶԷµĶ֮䣬أһȡ
ţ
һӰԳ԰ɽͱڼ׹ֱ£ƫУһ˳ԯǰ
է£ŷ˾һߴɢͷӡ
ͷÿ죡µӣΰ׳ȴṦѣδʲô
ɢͷӱȻѹ۲ˣ֡ʱ䡢֣ϵǡô
׳ĳǣۿżݸߺϱһѪƫƫͻɢͷԿն˾֡
ֻۣǴѵͷϡ
ȻǴıϵڴ֮һͷһֳס
׳ŭһһӻһ죬˸ֱֻǣأ˿ץڶԷ
ôһϺӲ֪˵һȵڣڶǴ˸ԲȦӣƳգԲϮ
ɢͷѹ˼дһ֡
ԭ֮ʼϼһŵһóӭŶԷһֻǴƣɢͷеķһ٣ˢһѰѶԷֻǣס
ʵĽӴɢͷӱȻо˵ıǰôһǺɵԷ־
ͷӵһ߳ȣ𣡡һҡͬĻش֮Էϵĺ׳ͦܣӱɾͷƵշԽͨˤϡ
˵ֻǴѰѳ֣ƵطԽ֣ˢȫͷӵķϡ
Хһӵϣƫƫ׹ϵĺ׳δʣٴŭ߳һһͦԵϻԾ𣬼ʸҲֱͷȥ
ɢͷѵˡŶԷƣͷķǰһֱָȡԷǰģԶԷǴ飬ͷȥ
ºӴһŲһŽӣԵȥպͷӵصķһȴӲԼֻǴ
飡է֣ȻûлԿǣͷȴһƲʱ˵һǸй֮
׳ʹһ͵һǵΪ飬֮䣬Ѫŭ磬ǻ˹ȥ
ں׳û֮ǰʶ֮ƣһĿͷĴ³˵ﻹ춯һʱϡ
ɢͷӹһЦͬӣѰѲڲϵһֻǴͬϵһֻһ˳ȥƺòˡ
£ֻǴͬдһظ˸һĿ⣬˫ֱɨ£ˣ׵壬δ˫ֱУȴиĺɨ֮ơ
ҽУӣʺ䡣
ֳʱΪ֮ҡ
ɢͷʩչôһ֣г֣һʱ֮ķЦһģֻܷǲ£һ˵ţķƵƵͿ裬ƽ׵˼硣
ۿź磬رͷһѱƽϣ˿̸֪ټͬ׹ɲס˵ٸ
¸ϻĿʾ⣬漴Ż״ذѼ׹ͬԼΪǷɴ˵ͷ漴뿪
ÿ죡ȥø죡ת˲ɢһգȴһصĵУһǷɴҲȻõϣʰء
ɢͷۼ㣬ɲסٴκЦĿעò⡣
ԯϵĸݺӣԭ벻ȻԿնɢͷӣȴھ״ԼһȻ˵ҪǱȫ˳ӺŹӵİȫ
ⷬϲùͻȻټĿһͬ˵ĲֱǱϲӣһʱֻܿǸߴɢͷӷ
ɢͷӹЦô
źȻǿһƬЦݵллλʦˣ
ͷԿЦһ΢ʣԾ³ԯ־Ҫȥš
ݺһš
漴ɳǰԾ
ͷӵɴһ˫Բ۵ô
λүҪʲô
ΣԼһ˰ȫΪԷάﾪʣδܽһǰֹ
ɢͷȴУٴοЦУѰѳȴ֪ڵǸСףֻţССεɢͷӵĴǰ⧿ȴˤ˳Ӵڵϴ˸վȴֻǸɢͷӣǱ˳ᡣ
˭
ڵĺŹӾŵӣͷǰǸݸ߸
ȥ
ݸߺǰһšӲҪ£ǵľˡһתͷӵʦҪҼҹӣ
ʱˤǸСףŲҲᣬڱΪŹǸߡ
ӷ𡭡ɢͷӴѶһţګګ˵ܾˣ˵ԺٺЦˣһ˫ţǹĪ⣬µµֻڶԷתѡ
ƫƫۣϸŲúڣɴƫͷҲ
ٺ٣ͷЦƼҺľȴһлֶûô
½ĺӣæԽ˵ҼҹڲšʦǲҪ³˵ɺã
ͷӺһȴҲصҲˣȥ

ͷӹһЦ̫ɴ࡭ҿҹӲƲᣬҸطҪţǰ治ԶһҲҸУ߰ɣ
ӦһͷӲ³˼һʱΪƣüʦ㣿
Ҳ˳·ʹһ㳵ɣ
ԭλ䣬۾֮£۾
Ҫ
ԷһŲȥᣬΪž֮㷢ȴҲϴζ
Ȼˣʦ棬ǽһҲˡ
˵ʱ̽һۣе߼˼ӲҪˡȴɢͷӺȻɫҲ̫ˣ
էӣһֱǰ
ȴҲЩ֣һŲµ㴦ಣһߡ
ͷӹЦôڣټȻƮ䣬һֻ֣ͷץ
һ˲֪ͷӲ⡣
һйͷɢͷѺǺǹЦţϮǰϷУһʽ̴ֱͷϻ
ॣ䣬ͷӭ˷
ǺбˣĹͷмܣӭ֮£ֱúһۣ飬Ʋ٣ȻΪ֮䡣
ˣɢͷٲ飬зװһšѪĽؿȥˡ
ⷬ󣬲രѳڵŵɫС
˵ôһ䣬Ǹ꾹ΪԼѺĻºԪͣǸˣ벻·ϣ˫˫ɥһʱ̲ס͸˶ԷУƫƫΪвŭȣֻź˵˸֣ʱ˹ȥ
ǸۼˣۣſһΪɢͷӵһץ߳ȥ׳ˤϣҲԻ˹ȥ
ЦعϳšͷӽϳԯֲȴǰһɭɭЦš
ƽ磬Ǭɵĺ£Ͳô
͵һһƬʲ磬Ϸ
ɢͷȻһӭһΣĿİһߵĲñ
ཻ£֮ͷӹס
ŭĵǰݴԲ˸ĸͷһɫӴӣСݣӼֱ˸˸ɶȥʮˡ
СļһﵹͦŸϳĴľӣ˩Ÿ«˳ɶ˻ǸС
ɢͷӻλվ𣺡ʲôģ
Сͷһ²ӣµµֻתһ˫ۣ֣ҹڴѾʶˣȷǸ֮һ֣ɾ͸ˣֻǳˣ߯ĺǲá˵ǣ
ɢͷӶŨüЦôһ˵¿ˣʧˡ
ͷɿһľڵ£ݵϴ˼ֲ͡
ǰ˵ٻҰĺ죬һ̧֣һϸұһؾ
òһҲܹε˵ӣ⼸仰ȴ˵ٴ죬ζô΢ӣһҲ˾
ɢͷΪԷ˱ǳԾСɴ˿ԷСͷɾʹѰ
Ȼ䣬ͷӷһЦգѽ
ҡһƬƮ£ƫУͷǰ
У⼸仰ƼҲ顣ɢͷź⣬ֻһȴýкķڷ
ֺοࣿСͷЦţһ˫С۾˲Ҳ˲ģֱԷš
һˣګګ˵˵һӣҪֵϣɾͲֵˣǲǣ
ôһ˵Ǳ֡
ɢͷĺ죬ɳ֮ˣСͷԳͬ·֮ˣĪһߵģ
ƽһֺ͢ǰ׷ս˼ϴڽڽƣ۵Ĳѡʥʱ֮սɳڵ糾伫νܹ׽۱ˣǲ湦ʹʵҪҲ׽֮У׷Ź
ʵΧʵ۵ĺֹ⡢ˣгжߣͽƣ׿̩ᡭ۱⡢֮ϣֻǺ߶ˣСͷǷָǣɾĿζ
ˣҪǰСͷսˣѾֵ³ȥֹˣҰĺŻûοǰСͷһȥʵ񼣬˻Ī
ڵںڵν̫꣬ĺ϶ţǵαװϹӵ̫깫ұƽһӲӣǰװɵСͷǺҲ
ⷬҲЩֻǣٺ١ĺЦ˵˰죬Ĵ֪̫ˣ
Сͷһ˰죬ǲӲӥѽðɣҾͱո׿Ǵɳģ
ҰĺشһΪ뵽˸ˣɻʮȷ׿Сͷֲֳ͡
һڴĴСͷЦ˼˵һ㣬ܹߵ飬ϸҲвסˣУôף
ȻԼϣְӺְ˳ĺв֮
ߣ̫̫ʦ̫ӾʡԺгҲǵȨƣΪ͢ΪǵһյҲǳĿǰڴ˽֮Сһƺûʲô˵ˣĺͨʱõճԳçײѵֵʹˣϹˡƺΨһһߵ·ˡ׿СͷҲǴͷһһĺš
дţߣ˫ձҪ׿̩ǰԳ׿ʵûʲôûɵˣȻǴ˵еҪ׿̩ˡ
һ䣬ĺ˫۾ڶԷ׿СͷתأԷСͷǸ࣬ԼЯǸľӣʢҩǸ«ʵʲôɻˣȻǴ˵˫֮һҪ׿̩ˡ
ô˵ݱǴ˵еĴ˫֮һ׿̩׿ǰˣ
׿Сͷ˸ƲŨĴ˵˵˵ֵܣŅ̀ˣ
ĺЦһĿ׿ϸϲôնãֵֻзݱҪТϸ㣬ţ
˵ĺʵûٳֵıҪˣƫƫδʣİѿĵֵˡһᣬҪԷߵ͡ǰ޵ڳ޶֤ĺһˣ޶ǣǰһǰһ̽˸ѶٴʩƼ񡭡
ЪѰлأֻһ죬⣬Բͷϱ״Ƴ֮䣬һֱСͷȫ°
˫룬ΪӽΪˣĺ״Ȫ찵Ÿ޿ɷɱ˹
ΪҪ׿̩СͷƺذһͿСӣֱֱص湦һʩչӲǾһȻ֪úܣзһ˷ִ磬µӣһأȴûմţŵһʽηϷһƬУƵģƮ⡣
ĺǰһ찵Ȼȫ˿աˢһ죬ȫ棬һصСӶ侢ΪڷڵǿÿһöϸСȻɱźһöҲûС
Ұĺ죬ʮþȵһְȻȫ˿գͷһˣ޻أ߳һǰзһεһزͷдһ磬ֱ׿СͷʺϷɱ
׿İСˣȻַǱѰͷĵѶ㿪˶ԷҪĳ֡
ĺŲ󳷲ۿ׿Сͷַס˴еĲ
ĺһʩտֱ׿ͷСӣһ˰죬ǰʽյĺӡ
׿̩Сӣз˰üޡһ״Գĳ֣кľԶֶۣĺҺ䡣Ұĺ˶ӣͦܲסǰ˸ģδһȴ񲻵̰ض˵
Ҫ׿̩ȻʩչһкĶѨַȴĴУض˵
ͷȻ⼫ˡĺ챻ڵϵӣ׿̩Цһ
Լҵģֲĺطúܣһɣ
ڣСӶȻοֱһƬֱȥ
ȴǲɵúܣȻһ˳ԯ
˻ˣԭ͸ԯһԹսֻһֱžţΪ˷ֶѡ
Ҫ׿̩ӷ𣬲źȻԷĴڣȻһ߳һȥ
ţȴްĳ֣ƽ⣬ʩչǼ߹İٲƣͣƷͭǽһֱ׿̩ӭ
׿̩ϾǱѰӭŶԷƣжһת࡭ƮƮ⣬ϵĺľȣûеһŭһƬѩףųϵǸˡ
ƮƮ£ţǸʮ꣬ʵẺӡ
һԷˣ׿̩ţһ㳬̬Ȼ޿֡
Ҫ׿̩էȻһ֮£ֻöԷƣٿϳ
ԷẺӣЦڿջȻһᣬֻ¹ͬ࣬һӣȴ벻ĺɱ飬ҵ㲻ˡ
һ˵ʱĳºӣѻλվ
Ҫ׿̩Ҳϳ˶ԷһڿջƵҴһǸӣʱǵöԷŻ£ʽҲвͬȴǸˡ
ͷƽط糾˶ӣˣһĿ˾Ųʮ׼ܿڶԷϣʧǰ㣬¶ӣȻǿۡ
ȫȻǶԷ˿ŷ糾ĴʹȻһӳΪɣȻڶԷĹȥ޿ѭûһνķ糾Ϣǰꡭ׿̩һѣԷԼ﷭һǴۡ
ֻǳһӣƾ׿̩ᣬѾԷĹȻƽδһС
·ͻȻȫȻ֮⣬׿̩֮𾪣ʵ֪
ӤعЦһ׿ͷͷһԻҰİ볤ͷƴ⫰ط׷էһϣǰз࣬ģǺˡ
㣬۾Сӣ㱨ɣ
أ
׿̩ȻһֻΪԷ潭һȫ޹ȥѰȴǴȻ⼸£Ϸ紵ݶڼˣš
˵֮һռһˣ˶ﾹȻ᷸ƮӴȼݣƽ顣
˵֮ռģղƮĴٳʧƮһŵڶɻʱԳȻܣѺ̳жȻɥ
ϵʶէȻ˼˵ĳǰҪ׿̩ܲΪ֮һ
Ǽأ׿̩һ˫۾ȻСˣʧúܣ䲻񡭡ԡ
΢΢һȷû뵽˵֮죬ԼѲİʼϷǼ
Ϊˣǰ׿ͷɾ͸žԺһھŹһ̴ӣȫɥѪծһԵҶǰ׿ͷϡ
Ŵпں׿Ϊϲ˵Է֣벻ȨƣټӥȮӼãԼϣǷ
һ䣬˾
֪ȷǲ٣㶼˵ˣŵ´Ҳֻסˣֳˣϻ˵׿ͷʲôֶΣҵģɣ
Ҫ׿̩һ˵Ҫ̣
ˣ˷һƴ֮⣬ߡ³⣬벶ȸںԼôҲţϾȻڶԷС
˼֮УسƮȻ죬Ȼվǰ
ƾ׿̩Է֣һ֪һҪȴҲçײáһЦ׿̩ľᱧ˵̡кľȣǰ̽
ȴһ⴫ֱϮضҲģ״ԱڹԪס˼ҪѨᷭ¶С
Ȼ䣬׿̩һ˫۾Сˡʱ̽ǸľȣûãʵΪͶʯ·̽Ļ֮ʽƬ֮䣬ڶԷȫһʵǿ̽̽ľȣȻ˻
һ׿̩СӣŭҲƵֱ֮죬籩꣬ǰӣΪǿҵһ磬ȫ£֮С
׿ͷȻ֪زǺ룬Ϊˣһ伫
ǰĳ֣ȷ͸ŸһƬǿľȶػûΪһӰһֱż崦Ѩͷˡ
ȻȴҲҴ⡣ͬʱ֮䣬ѻӳϵĳһƬӭס׿̩Ӱ㣬ϸ졣
ȴһβҪ׿̩ʧǰǰһģһšಣԾ⣬ľȣȴʣһ롣
Ȼ¶޼᲻ݣȴҲʾ׿̩ļһ
һӣƷһƬѵͷ䡣
Ҫ׿̩⧾֮£طɳϰľȡƸΪظսȦ֮⣬׿̩ȴƲ
ͿǿƣȽǰƣ͡
׿̩֪šӣʩȫݳȴһһԭɻӽȡȴǾʺὣƣŭӥƣһ䣬ѵ׿̩󣬽̽צ㣬һơ
׿̩תӭֻȻ֮£׿̩ݵϣͿ͵һƬ죬ۣһѪһ˼ģͨϡ
㡭һ죬ۣһڡ
ȴƫƫǿ˫֮£СӼҲƵڿֱ˵ߺһϣȴǿ֮ĩҡţպ׹
һЦҡҡ׹ӵΪˣȥ˰ɣ
׿̩֮£һ֪ǰ˽ѵһҲҿڳֻɱ﷢һŭߣһѩĲҰףȴһԲתǿʩṦٿٿ䣬һ·ɳ۶ȥȴֻƬҶ䣬ڷת 







 

  
ʮءֻԵŮ 

ߵĺ쵱ǰֻԲ˫ۣͷ¶˺飬һΪʹģ
ĺ첻ԣȴסֻΪҪԼ¶ֱ֣ŵȫһͬҡ
ؿ˵ҰУΪ๼ٶվһ
˵ʱżᴰ΢ңӣԲ֪ǸŹƽ£Էһ롣
ôˣȴҡ
ԭ̷Źӵ׳Ǹһֱ̳ڹӵСףǻп
߽ʱ˫۾ճյţͷѪƺûСһæȥȴ׶Ϣţųָһ£˵˸֣˫һһӲϣˡ
شһĿڱǣûϢ̾˿
ôһʹ˳ڵ꣬漴첽ȥ򿪳šȴڱΪŹӵĻڳһǣ۾֪ǻδѣ˯ˣ
ϸϸһƣˮ
ģͽ㣬˷ϧ
ף΢΢һ̾˵һֻעҲΪ
˵꣬̾˿ת뿪
ӷתѺȻתһɳ𣺡ι
㡭
ػƵԭû
̾˭˵ˣ
һۿ˶Էϵıɵɫһ䣬ŵ
صͷһףͷ㵹ңЩ˿ɲɱģ
˵ʱ漴ʡ
һ˫Ǵ۵۾ţصǡ˭أ
Աϣռأ
ҡҡһͷګګ˵Ҳ㡭
˵ʱͷڸ첲ϣһʱؿ
˼̧ͷشţΪʲôΪʲôҪô
ؼſ˼۾ˣǸŮ˻ۣﲻ΢΢һ
۹ⶢԼذͷתһߡ
غһ˵Һľ㣬ȴҵ˻ˣհգˡ˵꣬ߡ
ţֻסһ˫޺۾ֻϴת˵Ŀǡ
ģ
صһͷҴ˵ѻ
ǡΪʲôأ
ֽۣŮӿɲס΢΢һüдɻֻǰɵһˣҲܾʹ϶
ɽҰԭûʲô·ˣ޴󰭡
漴ӵҪ֪ϸô
ֻǿһԣǷڳڣۼһɱ棬ŻˣصĵȻΪ˰ȫֻǱϣԶ໳ɣһԵģעӡ
̾һ˵ðɣҾ͸ʵɣǰҾ͸ˡ
ٿۡ
ֻһ·̫ҡ΢΢ͣһ£ŽȥȻһ·ϣԳպ顭ȴıգ
ұա顭˵һ䣬ʹͷ
΢΢һЦȥǲպ飬飬ֻ˼ȴ죡
ĳ뵱뵽һ飬Żһ·գ
ô˵ͷøͣԽӲ̧ͷһۡ
ؿһ٣ӵ㵽տիȥģֻϣȻҹڿջһգҲͲΪˡ
ͷȴʼҲû̧ţȴ̲סԳ鴤ſˡ
شĮǰɲǿ޵ʱ򣬸ղŶˣǵգһ˶Ҫץ㣬Ǵأһ˿ޣɾȫˡ
˵꣬Ҫתˡ
ͻֹ̧ͷҡߣ
صͷ˵ãǾʹ߰ɣɣ
ͷ˵һᡭ
ر߹ȥʱ泵ӶˣƥܲŹһƥǺĺ뱸Ƿ㡣
ƥǣǰżλŹһΪѵųӷ
ˣ˵ôӣҪôأ̾һ˵ˣҪˡ
һңм·һЩϸһǸЯţؼųֻðϵˣʱȴһ˫ü˵Լᡭ
òȴִ˻ŵˣֻᣬһУʱѪɫһƬ԰ס
˼οҲҪˣͷǰ棬Щ뼸ĵ˴򼸿ڹľ˰ɣ
ô˵ŹӲ΢΢һͷ
漴֣Ѽ˵ʬںãѹʯͷͷҲù˱ϡ
һоŻߵǸɢͷĺԣأԲһ˫ţۣɫһƬںڣƼء
ϵľŹ̲ס˵л͸ˡЩ˶ɱġǧ
һЦͷֻǸ׿µĶ֣ԭߡ
ܡ
ĿһתǰĺƼأʹΪ⿪ѨֻҲɣĺҿ컯ɣ
˵꣬漴ھֱԷȥ
صΪ⿪Ѩ·Ǻȴû컯ܲ
żص䴦ĺӴһ£ţȴή漴߿Ѫ
΢΢ҡһͷѺһش˶ԷżѿѪ
ϴŹӵĿ
طһҼˣ㻹ء
Źҡҡͷ˵Ҫ߰ɣ
طļˣ޲뿪ĺã˵仰ش·ԸХһԷɳ۶ȥȼضС
һ̽ܡ
ʮԶżһЩ˼ҡ
ǰһУ߽籮ϿʮŽ硣ɫ࣬һعѣмרעһ֣ڡ
˽ζСһ·٣ԾŹأһ仰Ҳûж˵ֻǺһ쳣мͣΣҲֻǺȿˮ±ؿˣֲ֧סӲǲЪһᣬڼϧ
ֻ֪ԷǮ˼ңνŵĹӸƽţָʹˣлĥһ£ЩͷǺõġ
Ǹ˭ƵģȴҲֻһΣطӿϵᡣ飬һ·ʳ׺ĹĻӣ⼸ȴѾˣΪôܲ᣿
㣬һ·ɥǵ˼㣬üζ޲ͣһԼ˷ж֮ǿ֧
˽ϣƥԶط˽ų̡
õãߵʯϣ࣬˱㲻ͣ˽ŲƵƵɫһӴѡ
Źסһ׹˫۾سţ˼˵
ô
ǰи԰ֽϴһ֡
ǿļأ֣Ҳ߲ˣοꣿ
ͦŵһ԰ӣʱ磬ѹδУټĳأֻмˣŹӵഴʡ
˩ϣɸСչϡ
Źȡ˸ֶ
Źӿͦסˣһ£㵹ϡؼɫ죬֪죬̲ס̽ͷһֹ̣Գһ
㲡ˡôң
Ź¿֣˵ңǿ֧áǲ֧һſϡ
΢΢һЦȴʵɲ䲻֪ԷĸǻȴԶ϶Ϊʵ֮ףžصĹϵҪȻһӥȮҲƣ
ӣƣýȴӲǿܾԼĹػҹӣƽţ֣ſڣһŵǰǲǷ˳鷳ɾͶˣסֻʲôɾ˴¡
һ㣬⡣
跿
ظ˲ѣ跿£Ź̲ס˫ֶ롭
СˣػųڣŹ۵һѲˮ³ͷˡȴݺݵزضš
˲ŲæذԼǰһ𣬾ͿڶһڣԷ¡
ŹӺһ־Ͱһ˹ڸѰ಻סֻԷһ벻̣æҲ͹˲˼ҺȹûУһڡ
˵̡
һ
ۣŹһأ̵ֱ࣬Ҫ
ԱߵĲͼ龰̲סЦˡ
Źصż˵㣬㺦ˣƫͷ
һЦ˵ֻԼԼֹĸ
һ˵˽һȲ𣬴ݶƬ̼䣬Ѻȵü˵׶
Ź֪Էڹտˮڲ̣Թֱۣɵ۶
˽ǰһ͵ߵٺȣɾͲˡ
ŹԭʹӣǿڿѰ̲סһڣȻУٲǰˣڴ֣Բģһ洵һȣܿذһȲ˸⡣
跿Ϲ˿ˮ
ֵǣڼض˳֮£ղˡ
ŹӺ˼ڣȴǲв֧һſϡ
˼ŶԷƲᣬġȴˣݵһ꺺ӣǰŸ˺̴˸񣬱˵СţλĪˣ
صͷ˵˷纮ˣ
ŵ˵ңңǸССݶѡ
˵пջûУ
һңŵѺ̴ָż˵Ϲգи¥߶Ͼһңл¥ԭǻƴ˵ĸڣƴˣҺ˾͸˿ջ̨ͤ¥鿿ɽ˰⣬ҲҲڶֻǼǮܹһסġ
صͷ˵л
ŵĵŹӴ˵λС๫òᣬи򣬻롢ҪҪС๫ƣ
Ҫ˵ϵľŹ˵ҪҪ
ŵֱüͷ˵λֵ˵Ҫ㲻ҪˣⲡֻҪú˯һҲˣһ£Ҫ鷳æźá
˵˵๫ֻվǡ
һ˵ŵ漴
漴·٣˱ɱʬĵ˵ŵ֮£ŵɫ⧱䣬ȡϡ
㱨٣ֻΪĸļˣϼڹľΪ
ŵϵӣڵ˵ͷðɣµҲӳٲãСȥˣֻǡ
ػص;֮УòţһдӼԺǼҪ硣ֵ֮ٲ˻һʹ͡ŵȥɣ
ŵ˼ĿڱףͬصأʹиʮӣҲܴˣǴ׬ͷ⣬˵³ʹͣǴϲӦţ˳µص㣬ģ뿪ȥˡ
زڴ˾漴ͬžŹ뿪ݡ
һ·ϾŹӴͷһ˫۾̫࣬׵СƵġ뵽ۣ˻ԭͲţƣȴͷһ仰Ҳ˵ֻĬĬС
ǰǸ¥ջﲻԶһҲ͵ˡ
û뵽ɡէȥǮ˼ҵլԺڸĳ˿ջŴ¼¥ǻȴֲʧţȻ䷲ףĪԶˡ
ءŹӷΪǰӴĻӭ˽ȥ
˾ϲҪһϷһ֮ڶӡˣŹƣ̬ԣҲֲ֧סһ½ɼظһͷϱԳ˯
˿˿ҶԺһġ
ŹӺ˯δѣ̽Σǲ߽ĴࡣԭطϽǰ;еĴɱŻˣ˷ڣⷲСġ
ƻ̫Ρ˵飬һмӦ
ԭת֮ΪһԼؾտڹһ䣬ӦЧƫƫ˯ѣţ߽ȥҲǲܡ
һ׼䣬λͩӰǰأмɽڵļ黭ƷҲļֵ
ӦǲףݵŵҲûпΪ˰һңʵΪ
ŹӼȻڴ˶סϼ죬Сķ糾кβɣ
ֵðʱſˣͳߡ
ʮεһţԵǰνŶԺ䣬кһͤ߾ȳƸţС㡢Ʒò͵㣬Ʒ㣬ǰԺ¥Ȼ硣
Ųϣһָ߳˺ϣڴͷʮ㣬żפԹۡ
н˭֪Թ͵ģƫƫָ˶־ڵãȴҲɷ羰ȴִ˲ƣԵ֡
һϺɫĶ۹ӣͬɫһƤСñȴһ˫ܸ߸¶ŸĲ԰
˼ҿȥڰѮ£ȴǾӣü΢ߡһŹ°ϹͺͺĲһ룬ָ͵ϣ貣ָϾȻָֻĿ֮۹ϵ׺ȴ΢
ԭһ࣬޲ĿֵߡʹťۣñϵһñҲǽĶߣһ̴䱦󣬴̹ɫĻ̹ܣý±ǧзǳ֮ƣһʱεΪۡ
ȴиͷѾͯһ߳һѻɡΪ̫
Χˣ˵ǿ㣬˵ǿǡ㲻صϹʵǶ࣬Ը͸ͲաͷҲ֪ǶʲôӣÿһȡַŻˮִ˲ƣ༸Թ۵һδηϲֵЦ
˵ϷΪȡ֣ҲЩȴֲһˣȻ˼˲⡣
ԭȲ֪ô£פƬ̣漴ͤ߶࿴һۡ
ͷ˻¥ɾӿˣ͵ưɣ
˵ˣݸߵĸͷһų
һˣ֣Ǹ̬
ƷģųĴɼߵĻ̸ݣȻҲΪ
ڶ˲طģҲʮ
˾˵Ī̫ү
ӵͷ˭ֻһҲ֪ˡ
ֵվ⿴һۣŴˣͨһ޵֪˵ǲģ
ӺһСŵԱСˣȴȻӲص
ǲǣ˭Ҳò׼ͷȴҲЩŹء
ôأ
ߣ˵⼸һΣÿһζй·˵һ޵϶ֻһù򣬰˳ɶǴ˵ģ
ĬĬվ̨Ҫһλ˵˵
Ŀˣڵһע˵ַ֮һмڴˣôһ˵Ӷ϶ж
ٻصԭͷ˵ĶѶɳԭнġǵһɿ֮󣬱ϲǰϡ䣬˭ֻж²ؼΪˣҲؽҪȻҪǴ˵ߵĶ䣬ȴҺֻ˶ѡ
ղ˵Ĺ¡ֵ˺Ǻ棬ʳƲݡ
ӺٺٵЦֱСˡ
һı̡
Ӿȵ˵֪֪ѵ˵ɵģ
ɾͲ֪ˣ
νָǰ϶ָʷǣ˽ۣ¸ʵȻһ棬Ǵ󡣼ɲסٳһͻϢ˵зǳֵ
Цţɱϣޱȵֱ˵³ΣֻǶ϶ɶѣԺ꣬ȴε𣬳лʳ޲˽̫ү֮ȴһǵٵģֲˣ˵ǷʯĴ̿ͣʵǿһ˵ϰҲʲô
졭
˵˵ǾĴлǮءǳģ
͸ھطθʲô֣˵ŰɣҸһ¥ʲôҪǵưɣ
һЦﴫ̫үһˣͤ˹
̸漴Ŀ⣬㶼Ϊˡ̫үһȥ
˵̫үôһųһִֻͯӼϣ߶˸˾Ļ̴ֽѶϿֵıˣǹ°ǰ
ͷֲ࣬䣬ÿһ죬èۣۻңѹ˼Ҫ˵鱦̿ͣҲô˼
Ǯߵﶼįǵ˻ӭ
ӭ̫үݣͤĶҵżһȥƨɵ˸ſǵʱն󰲣׳ƴǤ
ϡʺöϿЪŰɣ
ȻھǻеһڱǣУֻڴ˱ԶɾͿŲ˳ۡһרΪӦ¹ѧӦȻе
̫үЦ۾гһ죬ҵĿɺã
ҵĳȥˣлˣһվɣصذСĸϵŪˣʲôֻкһӦȫ
úá
һˣֻ˵ôһ֡һǮҲֻ˵ôһ֡һ˹ٶرǵ˴٣ֻ˵ôһ֡
Ȼ⣬Ժá
һ˵źã̫үĲ£ŵк̨ͷϣ
˵˰ɣԺС˵ǰɣһŴ磬˵ǻ͸˳ƶ
̫үȲҲһĽһԷ̡С¯СĲˮ̵̱ģζ㼫ˡ
ǰ࣬¡
úá
̫үһֻ֣ⱦöָ֣˲⵽Ϸǵǧָס
˵ǳʲôϷһһ٣˵Ȼһ
ؾŸҪ̫ܿүȴ۲صһͷá
ǵôһ۾߿
زվⲽ
ֻʣһĨ͡
Źӷƺʼ˶ڸ˭˵ϸһ֪߽
ʱ䣬ҲˣĲߵŲֻŶˡⷬǼ򵥣ֻԾǰһƣԽ˨ϣ漴᳨
ʵɴֻ컹ţΨ־ףֻˡ
͸Ĩ˵ϼŹ˲֬ôĺ졭
ͷѩ׵һֻ첲ŹǷ˯ˣ湻ˣ֪ǻһ
ˣΪԼ۾ˡ
ϵꡪŹӣֱǸŮңŮҸƽġ
˶ǰ߽
Źŵ˸ӣޱҷһ붼˵ϣɽͣȥϸϸ֫Ȼг¡ζѽؼסˡ
ŮϣҲ˵ˡ
ǰĲֹһۣ϶жӡ
ˡ
ŴһĶͷɵһδˣǰһ㣬ɷˣƲᡣֻһ纮˯һҲͺˣȴǹ彿ǲԽĳˡ
ճյķһ˵ھΣôҲԭԼٳٲҽΣ˼ҲƲˣˡ뵽ĲٳɣʩչڹַΪѨȥȡ
ţһ£ⷬȴתΪɡ
СƢʵ̣һ·϶ֱŤҲֱŮһС۶˵Ϊܣãǰ˯֮жʩչø·㡣򶨣վ𽫷ںãȰԼж£˹ע뵤ԶְѾŹϽ¡
ŹӺطһĲ˶ԡʺǰĶ֣ʡȴ˼һǡ
ȴȻʱ£䣬˯ҹӣʳ벻˸Сĵ˶һߣɾ˹ء
ǰŹӣˣûа취
²˼еݳƣŶԷϱ£롣
ⷬʵھŹӵĸоȴ΢ԭصĺ˵ʱָƽ˯øǺ
ؼ״˵ݷſģ漴ƶԷľ硣ȴ⣬ⲿλʵƹʲô
ͷ΢΢һһֱĪϸˣ
Ĵʵû뵽棬һжֽ⿪泤¡
Ȼװʮʵؼܲعһ籣ֹʲôصˣֵˣ
ȣֲ͸ĲеˣòŹֲ֣˯˲ʱ̴٣ԭȴ
ٿǽİ籣ΪˮʪĴѸ˴ʹ࣬ʹڻ˯֮УΪȻֻϸ֣ţʶѣùڽʵѲ
ע⵽ɫ֮СܷᣬֵʵҪ⿪ȴǲܣȴǺã
ֻžˣⲻĿɨԷߵһذףԲ˼ȡ
ԭŹ䲻䣬ȴ꣬ﲻ޾裬ذף˶ãڼ޸дͬ顣
ȡ֣ԾһѼСİѱʯǶĵʣذ׵棬ɭɭë˵֮̽Էذ籣淽Ϊ֮࡭ѡ
ùϽէԸ⳨
һĿһ˫¡Ůءʲôˣ
һ֮£ֱɵˡ
̧ͷٿŹ˯ˡؼȥҲΪ֮ˣһֱüʶҲչ˿ʱۺ󡭡ǡӣһǰͼޱȽģֱɷ˭˵Ů֮
ǿŶ˶񣬼زŻֽ˶Էĳ㷢Ƶر
ǰ޿ɡ
ŹһŮˣ
㷢ɢ¡
ѽ
ֱشһģֻͷϺһҲˡ
ָдǰδУһͭжǰһҲŻʣ˴ѡ
װ֪ΪˣȾӦǾòס
ǰ̬ͻȻֱ֪мܡ
Ŵͷֻһطóһμ䣬ﶼ޷ֱϵŮ˯еһŰ۵ʱջصʵ
صһ˫۾鲻ԽأϡǺδˣԻڲС˶˲ˣ㲣Ҳǿ
޿κε߽Ĵǰ
ʱŲոտʼܲܰ;ϣĪǱΪԷŮ֮Լֲܣˣ
һŮʵӦνŹһ꣬ҪԼչػ
ֻǰı仯̫棬ȫȻûһЩȵԤףȻͷãȻ˹
һµȻ˭ǾŹӣôһ֣Ү
Үһ䣬Ū
ϵŮţ߽ȴǿڳݲ壬˵Щʲôξп࣬չʾ̵ı飬ҲͲһһڼԽͬ顣
漴ٳɣһ̾ӭȥŴ£ǰδ깤
˵ʮüˣ۵Ůһ棬۵úܣȫ޾顣
˵ǰйӴĻƮλɻʱǵһˣֻȴǵж֣޹ϸ֮ҲֻǻеĻͬѡ
ǰλˣȻͬǰߣдҲر΢˵вϸȴҲ޹ǡԭڶԷǰҲһѨʩչַΪˣ˸־ѨʩչЧҲࡣ
漴ٶ룬רһǰù
ǰʩãյʱ䣬ѲЧϹաȴһ󺹣£ֱǲŴˮһʪġ
ü˴ѡ
ɣԸ˸ݣϸ룬ж֣һĨڣȫ˸ɾ
ССȴƽκһ¸ΪѣòˣԷǸɾˣԼȴڽŶ´졣
һڸӣֻһļ˳۹۱ǣǹľһ硣
˸ŮȫȻ֪ʼգڳ˯֮С
Ҳ֮УѾüûֹ۾ˣοħţռ䳵ļҶĽӣֵ֧ס˿ȫȻѣɵò˯˯ǴҲѡ
һˣ¿ȴΪǰ˶
˭أ
ΣⶼǴҪˡ
ԷŮһҪ˯ʲôʱ򣬿ƽҪ֮ŵý⿪ˡ 







 

  
ʮĻءʷÿ 

ҹɫ
˼⡭
ڵĹأûתһŨ˯֮С
¥ջһæµ֮һĻҲӦڳŨ˯֮С
ԭǹž޲ľΪŹŷʯӣͨһˮĽӶޱľŪˡ
飬Լġ˵ġȥġδģǰڻŹĳ֣ϽǲƹΪӡ
Ʈһ棬Ʈ¥ܴܴ֮ܶԼưոݣ
ˣʱɡλδĽҶ඼п½棬ԼΪΪС伫ȽԼһ棬ɾ̫Ե߯ˣοŮ뵽ޱƣȴ١
ǵøţٱϸ֮ǰΪ֮νкڹͣӦСǰԼΪΪ㸲ңһ岻ݴǵˣʹΪɥʧҲźԴ˶ۣⷬиǺεʥ
ȫԸȴٲãǰŹӵŮʵ֣Ȼѽ⣬ֻһɽ棬֮ö󼺵ִ֪˵ĹϵҪΣĪʹ֣֮صԴԼϣȴǴⲻá
ҵĹȴֶһεĹػ
ĵصһյƣĴǰĶͷллأȻˣһֱѹܳΪؼѾȥǰⷬ˯ʰյа֡ϣһֱЦ̣ξһֱҪתǶã
Цһ˲õޱȵİοһ˼ɣȫȫرİȫΪʰŵĿִ졣
ΪǺ˱ӣϸز쿴һ´װнʵդʹĲ٣漴Ϩ˵ƣ˳
סʵӣмԴϢһͷ˯飬ֻͷͨ޳֮ټǡǱǣͼŮĴַΨͨеĿͷſɽ룬ڼ֮£ҪͨͷȻ¡
һϢ֮󣬼ֻϴΪ泩һ̨ůӵĹܣ޲ӵ˼£
ˣԶҹʹȻţԺгСһżƮµһƬҶҲڶ쳣
ǣǸ˵ĽŲӹ̻Ӧеľ˱ȻṦɳرߵϣԾˮľȡ
ȻۼҲֻǲѣȴܴﵽһṦӦеˮƽ
һע⵽Ӷݡ
ڣѭˮϵʮȣһżؾס̤֮
оţԷʩչṦкӲ֮ԼӴǰ
ȴ˾һͷ
䷿ӶûеƣȴϰĹȣ˹ð֮⣬һ̤룬Ѳ֮ȴԶϤȣȲʤȯ
Ƭ̰֮ƶʼƾӶУһĹ۲졣
رһ˲⣬һþ޴֮¡
һƬ¹⣬ӹ£ԺһƬ˪İס
վ£ǡӰɵĵطֻҪƶǷΪ˷
ʱɲ֣ǿٶɵǰ
һɫҹ¿Сʮֽʵ
߸ͷһĨĺӣģͣݶеһϸ֪֮ˡ
ز飬۾Ҳ⡣˷һѱ˸͸Էϥϵһ˫ֲӣԼһ߱ޣµһ۰ͷ㶼⣬һбǰΣɾζ
ɫֻٳٵز̬ؼʹѶϤ⣬ȴҲ֣Ҫжźó֡
˾֪ǿĵˣ࣬Ǵʧߡ
ڹ۲һ֮󣬻صǰֱǰţһ˫ƣѸŰ֮ϡֻԤĳΣȴ֪ȷţԭڣסκ
ôҲûϵдһ֡Ƶһ֨ѽһԳ˿ͻȻ󣬴⣬ȴҲһһٵԾһԡ
۾һֻǿţȴҼ룬֮󣬲ŸҼӽȴ⣬еļأãҡһƬӰɣ
˵ˣӣȴһɼ磬ԷͿתӭһ顣һ֮£ͬСɡ
ֱκηӦ˫ѽһơ
ǼصĶ֣
ƷӣͬһֻӰطȻбֱһԻȥ
صȻãƷ䣬ԸٶƼ죬µӣƣŶԷһơ˹ϼزãȴ´ࡣ
ƷԷͷһ֪թȻԷӣ˦˹㺮ǣŶԷĳ֣һһ£Ҫ
һҪ˺أѡص׷ƣȴһЧ
زòʱıʽһʱΪӣѰöͬʱϡȻöѩʸ
Լ˵ֻһ£ȴԷԻ֮
ŵʯһ˲ԻﶸȻ
һξǰθμͣ쬵ɣֱʮεľͷȥ
ʱԿս䣬ۿŶԷݣݵãϵһһͷͣվ
ȴǰһ档ŮΣΪҪĪ˶Էɽ֮ơ
˼תֻ
ۿŶԷӷͷڶʩṦͤϮһ˹£Ȼá
һӰһ䣬
ǵȿٵӣſ˫ۣһֻӥһӭǰͼӵˡ
ȻһŲһȴһ
ˣּ
˫δһӰ￴壬֪ôһһ̡һתסǰ˵һֻ֣ʵǽס˶Է֣ȻΪǴԷҸ´ͬһֻ֣طת
һַ
ַ˵֮Ȼһĵס˶Էˣǵˣ־Ȼת֮䣬һ죬԰ѶԷιǽš顣
˸ʹҽһȴǶ㲻Ӷجˡ
ź˵һʽػһ˱ϡ

˵һʽػ֮£ǰˣƿз˰ڿֱͨŰ֮ϡ
֣Ҳܲסصӣһ۵˴Ѫ²ʡ
ڼ˵ǰ仯ȴ³⡣
¹ȲǿȴҲѺ֮˿˸ţʹһ
ŶԷǰȻŲزˣ˫մˤ⣬һ죬ײɽʯʱԽѣڷ
ֹֻⷬѼؿ˸Ŀɿڴ
ǰӰѣѵǰ
һ۹ӣͷƤСñǾʼٺ̬ӵǸ̫үسһδڡ̫үѺǺЦżش̴̱ȭ
ЦСѣܾˣ
ڰʱѶ˼ϸȴû뵽Է˵ãȻһĵǰ£˵ֶ֣Σȴǲҹͬ
˵ĵ̫ү߽ǰ̧ѵʬ˹ϸ쿴һֱ֤ʵԵغǺЦСȫû£²õģһжأ
漴Ȱ°ƣˣ
̼ɺͤǱߣӦܹˣ֮һһյֽ磬ۡ
̫үָŵ˵˾Ļ죬ջǰҹҶһ鱦˵˳ɶ׼С͵ģҹȻҴˣȴλֵ֣ٺ٣ƣ֪үֻۣ
̫үһѣǵ̸֣ʮ㣬һɶԣ⡢ϿڣǻԲһӡڼֻò׽
£˹֣˵ԣתؽԼУϷţٳ
̫үЩ⣬ֻǿŶԷϵķЩ
˲˵Թȥʬ塣
ְᶯһߵԵƹһգһ˰ѽһⲻǮ
̫ү߳˵Щʲô̧ȥ
⣬Ϊǰߣ˵ĻǮգȴΪ˵˴ﲻ˵ƣ̫үŲϣҲ޿κΡ
˶Կһۣɵֻö֣Ǯʦʬ̧ȥ
̫үסţ޿֮⣬ȴҲ㳲ŭ΢΢Цתȥ
ҹ˼Ｋҡ
Ϊ˷ŵһ֣ʹʹס»Ļ¥Ҳνʹ˰ȫ
Ȼ̫үĻĪҲʹеơ
˵̫үԮ֣ӦС׿лǣǹȥĽʹĴ澯䣬»󶯵ĺá
̫ү˵ãʵôһ·ȴǲö֪ν֮ĲУ֮Ĳޣвһ飬侲һĺá
˼ǵģ䵽˸Ǹعϣڷŵһ֣Խʹش󣬶ԷŮζͣԲһʱļˣԭڼΪԼ𴩣֪չΣ·Ƕв㣬粻ʶƣһζԷαװȥȻ
ȻЩ뷨Ѻʵ壬ҪǣԷгദİȫԷŮʵ֣񣬸Ӧʵ˽⣬ܶԮ֡
ⷬ˼ȴҲ޻˼룬㣬ֱ콻ĹģԳ˯
ȸ
ԺԼ
һתȴ
۵⣬͸촰ֽҫԡ
һͷ뵽˸ҵĹŲ´ҴҴó£漴ǰ
ŶڣһҲͿˡ
ȴǿտҲ
ˣҲǿš
ɲסһ
ϸٿȴ԰ꡣ
ԭѲ֮ҡ
һȳʣ쳿磬ɢ㡭
䷿Ѿˡ
ϽķҵʲһһΣԭʯϣԭŵ໨ƿȴһɻɻһ䣬ţ½ֻ̾һҵңԷΪ֮ĹۣˣһƬš
ⷬãϷǿջ֮ΪΨһĿܣǾסڴ˵λˡ
ô˵ĲѾˣдģºɣڵŮҵϸ˼˭ֻ뵽һ֦һ֦ºɵ΢⣬Ʋĵ׺ʾһɵŮ˼Ƕǰļ˵Ѳˣ
ղġ
Ѱ٣ȴΪһ
һŶɫؼ㡣
ʵһֱϣΪһεˮֽѹһǣȻ֡
һ
ʵء
һʾ壬īɣ
΢紵ģ
߯
һϮɴ棡
Ī治ʶ
ƽ
֮һһԲСӡϸ֮£ǾŹ׭Сһ
յ׽⿪֪˭ˡ
١ǰĹ۵áôͷĪֺƣ˵Ľ
ȴޥʣ
ŹӶŹһ֮Ҫ˺ôȦӣն⣬Ȼ
ؼ㣬Ȼѹڼͷص˲ϢǴϢѡˣһ·֮ϣ˿ȲᣬԷδֵɽԼϣ벻ܶǲеˡ
һת
Źôĵ
巽ҵܣʧǻ˵ã
ôһ룬ɲסųһ亹ҴҰ㴧ڣó°¶ⲽ
ͤз
㳨ͤ棬࣬ƱĴ䣬γһ硣
йӦǱؾСԣСˣһС椶һƾ߸裬ǽҥСɤۣݺȣҲö
ﾡżȴһɡ
ƹͤ棬µˮ泤ȣⴹɫϸϯ棬һɫΣвʧȷǼ
һЦǰһĻЦ硣
һɴµŮݰΧ״ḡ꣬˴˵Цһš
һ漴ôһˡ
Ůɴ֣͸磬
ųһ֮󣬼Ҳ֪˭ˡ
˵ǾŹˡҹ֮ǰڼĿ֮УǸٲµһҡһ䣬޹Ů̲էʱ˿̵Ĺξġ
͸һϮɴƺҲﲨһĨǳǳЦ̣Ŀˮ档
һ˫ԧ죬ڻζ
ڣϵʺɼݣһĴŵʣʹĴĿΪ֮ꡣ
ֱǰһνɣҲˡ
ν廹ϵˣηϹۣҿ¼˵ĽڣԽ⣿
ʲôҲû˵Ըλ
ģȴҲ⡣
λʵλԶѰ٣͸ɴĿӣνϬʱʤзأ
ǰ꣬Ż˵ԳԸӵܡ
кŨüһɽԭǱʢһ٣ˣźһ룬һԶǰ߼￪ųׯӣȴǰ˼ҩٶ
£ͬѵõǳζͶʱؽˣ߻
¥ˣ˵Ƕ˵Ƣθʱߣȴһȴˣҹһ˾ŹȾŮ
֮绪߹ʣ˵Σ֥Էңɴ֮ľݣÿÿ֮ɽר˾ѰɫУܲΪ֮Ĵ󶯣
ƫƫȻһԸ֮ˣƽҰвݣէȻׯɫ鲻ԽΪ֮ɫϣһʱ˹
ʱ緹ùǰԸĥһ˵֮
ԭ뿪֮⣬ȴˡξʹͬ
ֵǣĶա˵Ǹһɴȴڲסĵɬ
ҹô¶ѹҲΪȴҲܾװͿ
̼ǵҹת£СҲһڵǰƣ漣ҲƵĺˣϸ˼룬˾ŲʮҲһжˡ
̬ڣһۣ಻Ϊ̶֮
ȴ˵һоɬɬǳ˸ıӣζﶪеͷȴ᲻þͰˡ
ȴأŹʱһǻһطŹŮ֮Ժ󣬱һЩڣƮȥˣ
Ǻֲ˼
͸Կɳ֮
Ƕ˵ЩʲôٿѹһҲûһֻǹǱͷϵļأֱ˵һЦŰصǰ
Ȼ֮һ˵˾ʲôƤøЦ
һ죬ֻӵ룬ǰһҾˢȣС룬Խϣʮ³ʱСҽδȢأ
ģʱеӾ硶ǡݺݺһεף˵һЦ
ԶȴҲʾһȣָ˼תѧǵСԶסˮϪ
˵䣬Ϊһͬɽˣˣˣ
һ˵ɽǰһ̴̼ͬȴһ˫ɫ۾ֱٽţ˵˰죬֪Сմ¥ǳĵط֪סСµһ˶ңʧúܡ
˺ŨüĿ֮࣬⡢ŶλȻ˼ƣֻ۰׷죬Ǿɫ֮ͽ
ƣٵҲ£ʮ򶨵ؾ
͸һϮɴֱǰɽ΢Цص˵ˣɴô֪ǳأ˵ô֪ǹµһأЩ
ɽ˸ӣǵΪܣպٺֱЦ
һ˿˿ڣһҲ͵Ц
ѽ˫ֹƵ˵ɽ㵹˵˵ô֪˼ǸĴ˶
ɽһϣָٵףСλϱޱ磬Ƕһˣͬ飬С˶Թµ
΢΢һ٣˵һδĹˣ
ٵʲôĹ
ɽ˵Ȼⷽɴʵ֣ҿ֮ڱɴ֮®ɽ棬޾
ǿɲһԶǻֻĲѽ
Ҳ˵һδĹɽߺЦΪҪ⿪ţֻһҿɴҪǴһˡ
һͣԶ֣ǰһ̽ɴ
һץסӣ˵ңһתļأƫƫ޶ԣû֮⡣
ԭȣһҪǿɸ
תݰһʢѹȴǹЦЦҪҽҿɴʵҲףֻ֪ԸⲻԸ
ɽʶŨüЦһݣвԸ֮
ЦֻҪɴǱΪһͣʮҲĸԸ
ǵأ͸ɴļˮ˫ͫɨԷϣΪѾأٷʮҪڵϺ̣ȴʵû컯ܳӣʮȤ
˵ʱ۽бɨļءȴȻ𵶵ţһ˿΢Ц
˼֮⣬Թۣ֡
üʣ⡣һʱЦӯӯǰӡ
ҲţͶӸƣƫ˳⡣
˵ȻҲɵӣˣĵ
֮£Զ԰ӴһԱߴѾͷȻ
һˣʲô
Զµ˵ûУ˵ǿͷ̣ӣߺߡ
ĲˣЦҲŶأε̣Ҳǲˣ
ǻ˵
Զһͬɽ룬ŭĿԼźȻ򵽣ԼһٱԷռ˱ˣȴ֪һʱҲˡ
˿ƫƫɫԣ˼ˣܷ
ͷ˷Ц
ŨüɽٺЦȲҪ̫磬ղ㲻ǴӦҪҿɴô
ٵȴҪӦ
ٺ١Ц޶ܶ࣬ϴɲҪĵĵ
ٺһԭҪϵģҪϵ͸ʵһ㣬˻Լλȥҹؾŵĺã
ɽһһ˫۾µµֻڶԷϴתɵģǰڵĹθڡ
ǰͣ˵࣬ȴΪⳡ־ԼҪôһ˻䣬պȥɾʢɨأҲͱٻȥˡ
Ҫֵʲô飿
˵ɣ˵ˣٸֻҪүϲͷ
ٵͷʵǺܼ򵥵飬ҶҲкôء
ԶɫԵЦͿ˵ɣ
˵ΪʲôһҪϵɴأ
ɽ˵ûʲô˼ģΪλһֶѣ
ٵͷ˵ȻˣһǼ򵥣λھɻڣϴһ衭ô
˶ʱһ
УУȽеǿЦ컯֮£ɺͳ
Цλ˵ˣģΪһЦô
ʱΪ֮һԷԷ椶ǲ꣬ƤӲǶһʱԶԣֻһ˫۾ɽš
ɽȴǲ²ŭ˹˵ĵڶɣ
͸ɴ۾ǱͷϵļƳһֶۣɽ
ڶʵ͵һҲ֮ǿѡ֮һһ
ɽһЦֻҪ³ϴ裬¶
˵ͨղ㲻˵ҹµһôı¶ˣǵŮˣȥܲⱻ˼ꡭ
ɽЦһֻܸңҪɽȭͷ
һЦ˵ģ
ɽͦһأ˵ɣ
Զ۾ĵڶ
ˣ˵̫ǿɶܴҺúýѵһ٣ҷǵɴǿһǳԷҲĸԸ
ɽһ˵ãһΪ
ֵЦһ˵ѽĲУǸУ˵ɣС˭
⻰Ҳ٣ڴʮŵ棬˭˲֪ǸǲǣŵĲŸ޼ɻؿºڡ
ԭϡٵһ֣ƴڻϢ⴫ʱӵ
һҪܣӣܴ漴׷ 







 

  
ʮءϲ 

ȴֻɴ٣λӯӯվ
˾
ָܶΣ֮¡
ʱٹĨǵһ˵ѾĲ⣬˿رܣȴѲ
ã£ȴҪ˴ֽѵȻڼ˵Ըǰŧֻ֮ͣΪȴδʡΣȴֲá
Ŀ⣬һʱżؼй
ûɵһǲ
ؼȲܵڱףһЦ֮ҿ٣ηԼ
ɽˣֻ۾˵ȫȻڼϡߵӢͦ࣬δʼûһЩáֻǱȽȻһȴҪöࡣ
ǰƣǿȻƽɡ
СӣĵӲС
ɽλվƫţûϴ˰ɣ
˵Ȼϴճ˻ңҲʶֻǡ
ûУԼ˵ɣ
˵ʱɽѻƲ˹Ŀ⾼ֱرӹ
롢Զǲкɽһӵϡ
Сӣ
ţԼȴֻǲԷš
ɽһЦżصλС˵ģ
֪׹֮УȻƲΪˣԷҲ֣һǰȷʵʮᣬߣֺαʧ
һתҲɽΣٵΣ
ɽһųѹգ
˵ҵʲôϵ
ɽһӣͷһʶʶңҽɽλĴҲ
漴˵Ҳ˳
΢΢һͷʾѾ֪
ɽһЦ˵λС˵ĲģǾǰһǣֵҲһ棬ȥΣ
˵ģִΣ
ǡɾеᣬĪֵܣҪ㲻ˣ
˵ô
ɽһĿ˸ղλСĻҲˣʵҲд⣬ǾҲ㵽ȥ棬Ŵҵ棬ˮȥ졭
ĻʧĬﱬһЦ
ЦͬʱҲ˵ơ
ɽڳ˵ΪӦ壬˿һһ˫첲΢ЦԷţҪԷʶʶˡ
ز˼⣬Ȼǲ£ֻôһµĵطŪδɷ˷羰
ȴٸֻŮˣ˱ˣˡ
һ仰ȷ硣
°ֵһ಻סŭһСӣ
˵ᣬȭֱһȭֱϵȴһΣһȭգͣǰһԣһϡ
һվӭԶơ
˼ңҲЩȭš
һȣ򣡡Զؿǰһ˫ȭգֱؼ
˱һȴֻ΢ֻһ±ס˶Էһ˫󣬽һʩõĲϥԶɾͲˣһӣзƵģֱ˳ȥ
ͨˮĽһ˺ɻӡ
ӴˡУ׷׽
̲ס
ɽػعͷŭô£Ϊܣȴֽ
ٽЦԼҵѽҲ͸߹ǣĽһ𣡡
νһ󶼲һˮ³أôһ˵ɽȶˣźȻףʱΪա
һøˣҲʰ㣡
漴һʦȻһЦԻ
ǰˣȴڼصĵ
һƣȻԼ֮˵Ϊǿߵ֡
ֻϧ벻ᣬӲǰһ߳£
һƣȥ
ȴ֪ԷƽΪһһƿɾִ˸ա
һԣסļƲһƣ밡ӴһԺǰͬһطֱɻ˽ȥ
ͨһ˳ӡ
ֱֵЦ
ﻶ׶׷׹ƽкá
ʣµһɽ֪ǺͷԭѶԷŪ³ӣΪһ֣ȴû뵽Լߣȥ߲˼ǣϵɴ˶ȻԷСһ·ԼˣԴһοǶ˴ʤ
ʡ
СӣǱΪ顣Ҳ
ڣ˳һŷԷҹȥӰһѵǰߡ
ֺαأ
˵ʱصһֻ֣Դķ֮ϣһ˵ľֱӭ
ɽ˫ץȴסԷֵһľֻﲻ֮㣬һȭֱϵ
ֻȭͷŷһȻ˶Էϡ˼֣·ָֻͷסʵֻ첲
λƫУǹسҪѨָֻͷȴʹɽټӶá
һ䣬ɽǳ̴ǰģز
ԭ͸ָ侭ֻʹʩչѨʹһɽ㲢ڹ˵һ˺ҲҪڴɸʮ£ߣߺߡˣɾҪзϡ
ǼԸģ
˴˳μ棬ԹǷţȴҲܲССͷḡ
ȥҲ⣬̫ȣͽȥɣ
䣬
ɽټӣѷͨһǰ״ɳء
֮䣬ֱ𶼳֮
һﲻ˵ҲƵؽ˺
δѣֻûˮ֮ɽԭ׹ˮӣͨһˮܵصڡһ£ˮһ²֪˶٣ֻˤӴֱ
һȫɵۣôҲ벻ͨôɳһԾ
һĨҲƵϡ
̫ү˹ջĳ͡
ֱûע⵽ɽˮж𣬾ȻйأȴӲ˫ӡ
Ȼ̫ү
һȣƾСеͲǰһգԵɽ㣬ֻ֡ǲһǣԳּ죬ڳ˵۾
ʱˮĶˣ̶ˮ˶Կһۣˣ֮ģһҲˣһԣ̲ȥӮôЦ
ڽϵɴȴֻмضһ˵ʱ򡭡
طҲбǾӴ¿ҡ
ɻƬƬʱС硣
һŲɣס˽һƬԴµĴƬӰȻʢ֮Уȴȴ⣬ʮܵˡ
籴֮ݣҧ໨ϸɵĸԶЦᣬԷš
صһ֮ƫƫǾǿزġ
ͷ΢Цһ£ɾ˴̻ӹЬһ˫żϡˮ췢Ķӣֻ۾ʯӶǰ͸ĺ죬ССһʯЩʵëҲʰ쵵⣬ʮĳЩֵһ˫֣ܿ
£Ժ򲻿ɣЦСΪ˻˴£ôǺã
ʱס⣬𻰶ֵǵо֮пֲﻹҡôһȫջ֪סҪе˵ļϸ̽ӣ̫ƽˡ
˦һ³ͷһĨЦȴƤţ⸱̬κΣε̾˿
ֻ۾سšЦһ˵ܶ飬֪ҲͲٶ˵㣬֮˷ȫǵˡֻҪ¡Լɣ
΢΢һЦݵҰƵģղҲˣֵܹҽ𣿡
رôһһʱԶԣګګĻҲֻǡ
ѵ㲻ܱܿ
ܵȥҪǻء
⡭
ҡҡͷֻ̾
Ƥգһ۾Ц˵ˣ֪ˣѽԺû¾ٳţڷﲻȥ˰ɣ
ؿЦʹҲȫ
ٰһôɣɴɱҾûˡòã
˵ţԸ̲סЦ
һЦд֮ܽĿע֮£಻ҡЩԼʹʱǵȾɫ֮ʱҲʹйǰ΢ĸдĪԡһʱ䣬ֻֻۣճյԷţֱϣһƬ졣
һôˣٿתһ̼һƬ⣬ŲһߡȴǣǸħƵһ˫۾Լţǲѵվǰ
һ˫ڴǰšоаˡ
أת㡭
㰾ǰδеӱŤֻһ£ȴҲĹƵߣֱħǰ㣬Ȼķʡֱһڵı¶ȴǺա
˫Ӷһ飬زʤεشͷ
ȴʱһнŲ̤ǰļį͸˵Ӱӣ̤ţΪ׶ˣһ˫Сˣһ̣ϸſӣ֪ʲô˽ŸͷƤСñһŵˣڼ˵ȴǾİ
Щǡ
ģ
æתط
˵ػرܣ˵ЩŹ֣˵СģҿǺξģ¶ڣغ£
˵ĵǰ
һ˳ôҼ̫ү԰ݷˡ
ؿһۣȥţ̫үӭվ
Ц̫үȭһᣬһᣬͿͽٿɷ磬಻ðãҪźá
ڴˣʵûʲôøУҹ񳿼ʩչ֣Է֮ԷȻһʽҪǸʲô·
̫үˣû̴¡
̫үǺЦܣڼʡ̣ߡ
ô˵ˣһ̸
˵ʱÿ
̫үԡСˣȻӣ⡣
ѽɴظϣոã̫үͬż߽
ѽѽɾʧˡ
̫үһ汧ȭȴһ˫ӿأλǡ
һ㶣ڵĵѺЦ˵Ǹãҽмҡǡ
ⷬڣǽ˼һʱ֮Χ
ԭƣֻǰ֣ղԽԳơ벻ޥʣȻȳڣĹ˼ɡ
±Ϊλˣ̫ү֮
̫үӴһǷңңƺǰɾͲҵˡ
ǸһɴȴҲ̫үƵʮֻȫ£ʮ㣬ⱦʮĿʮָϸһöͬıʯָԣرۣǺž޻ĸ˼ңҲ˴磬һүǣ˱죬ʵ֡
˫̫֮үһ˫ϴ˸תء
̬ʮӣЦһЦղóͷСķȤǣֱˡ
ٵԭˣ
һЦֹǿˣĿ̫ү΢΢һɨʱ򣬱ԺǺЦ
֪һèķۣôɲǾͱ㿴ôЦЦ
˵ʱ̫үԱֹһʮָֻÿ⣬ۻҡ
ٲԣֻѸɴһ˫۾תأỽ硭
ǵȴ˵
еĳƺԾŹķż⣬áʹһϮɴȴްǵ۾ӣνϬڴϸ΢֮ÿÿáؼʹ书ںϳˣ飬һǳƣ溰ġ
Ծȴɫ糺졣
ô£磡
СӱѩһĳƺϳȻУ֮飬Ҳˡ
̫үֻ΢Цѡ
ؾԼʧ̬ҹգԴӷ˶ԷŮ֮벻Լ΢ı仯յԹҪͷһ֮һ֮΢˼׽
ǰѸղĿ̫үԵͰɽһĻ˵˸š
ٲˡ
̫үǺЦţһǻԲʱеľ˵ЦЦλǻʵ˵Цϲ磬ŮӿģеģҲûʲôǸɽģջЩǱعٰܱ־ƴˣǲãʩСл⣬Ҫźá
ⷬά֮ģҲ١
ԳæԵлɲסǰλ̫ү˲⣬˼ˡ
Ȳϣ˵λ̫үǸ޵Ʈ޵Ӱӣ˿̲ͷ
Ŀ⣬ֱ̫ү̫үӱ֪߾
̫үЦֻг˷죺λ̣಻ðݷõԭˡ
˵ֵ
Ӧһ˫˫ǰٰ̣ü
̫үЦ۾תٵС㿴鱦ӦУ࣬Ǵ鱦еͷмСĿȥСͼ͡
Ӧһǰ
ϸ߹д⣬Ҷٳ֣δ֮ȣ֮شעͬʱ̫ү
ˣȴҲҴ⣬һǻС˿źۼһɾʯ쾪֮ơ
ЦǺôһ۾ͿҵȺã
Ŀ΢תأЦô磿
صҪݿ
ǰֽҿϵĸǳһƬϼ⣬ʱǰ
ⱦĿ˸񣬴Σ۵ס
ʵѰ
ѽһλȸԾվ
һ£Ǿ˫֣ϵһϮɴһ毺á޲ɷ̱˳
̫үһ˫ϸӣԽرͶӹȥ
ߣ˵Ҳֱۡ
ȴûдһ̫үϸ΢۲졣
̫ү˵ʱľޣ⣬ȻʮֵˡǶòŮӵĿȴѷˣҪЩ
̫ү಻ףһʱ̰ɫ̬۽ǵβƶֳʮһɫ顣
ǣӦЩĲͬƩɫ֮⣿
ϣĶԷܹ۲쵽ģˡ
̫үƻʮģȻܿʲô
󷽵һ׹Ķϸϸ͡
̫үٺٵЦСǺ۹⣬Ķ⸱󣡡
ôأ˵ţ߸ߵذĴ价ǰϸϸţ͸ӨӨĴ棬۵ıֻ̣һСɫһһľȣ覴ãȻɫʾѣɶá
һֻʿģǴƽĶʱֳƺ䣬Ĵϲֶ
΢΢ͷЦһЦƽѵүҲн
ӴӴҸʣҸʡ̫үϰԵֹһ˫֣һ檣аġ⻰ҲͲ˵ˣ
ԭԺɫ󹬼࣬ԲԲ֮⣬Ůʮȣɧƾɫȴǲ֪̫ү˹ϵ
̫үǰһЦСٿֻӣɲһѽ
΢΢һͷʶģͿֻӣȴԲ⣬ƷĹ顣
ֻǰ֣ȴ˵ƣֻ֪ˮһ˫۾Էȴ϶
̫үʶϸһ˫üë˵ϺĹ飬䲻ɶãôСҪϲɣ
ҡҡͷ΢΢һЦһ˫˫ԵĶŻ֮С
ĶȤҲͲٿˡ
̫үתصôٿҪΪǮϣǺ
ֻ۾Ц죬ӵʱͷϲ㣬Ҳûйϵ
һЦ۶٣
̫ү˵Ҫɾ͹ˣһ书ݷý÷ݣɫ㡭Ϊͼʣϸ飬ⶫҲͰͣǧӣҲͿˡ
һԻ磬ҡͷЦͿˣЩǮѽ
ЦֻʼǮҲô
̫үæ޷޷ⲻڣﻹһҪĿΪһα
ص¶ڹŶȫУν֮һϲͨ
̫үЦ˵ǹŶη
漴ʾһͯӣĿ
ͯǰ̣£ҿ˸ǳһľķεϻӣٺҲ˹
̫үǸľϻذϻʾˣϻϵһĨ̵׭
ѣһ֮£˾㶼Ϊ֮һ
ԭϻϵһּǣ˿֮
̫үѰϻ򿪣Ц뿴۵ıǣ
ɵö˲ͶԹע
ϻȻһķӡ֬İʯϣѪҲƵĺ켣һϺõļѪʯ̫үְʯӡһʯ϶ꡣ
ļѪʯϣ֮ֻȴһĽԴ˶Źɾ䲻ļֵˡ
غһҪ˵
ȴ΢΢ЦԽһô
̫үЦԿԣԭҪλĿġ˵ʱ˫ֳϡ
ٽӹ˼ۣɫȻΪ֮һ䡣
̫һ˫ϸ֣΢΢Щ
̫үٺЦС뿴ϵĿ֣ǳԵֱֵͤʣȴҲܿɹ֡
֣ͤ䣬һˣΪĿ˫֮ͫ棬νһĿʮУ۲ְЧ³³ִ󣬹ͤĲ壬£κ֮ѵأԱɣĽţĿ֮
Ŷһһ˫Ӻʮָ飬ͶעϵļС֡
ЩּϤֿԶ϶ǳԹֱ
ǵʱԼССʱڴס۵úɽ
쳣ӮʱϡԺ죬˸رˣƺΪ븸ֳ۹£Ͼʱ򣬳Լд֡
һĸТТӣٻǵĸһҵĹ£̵ı˵λϷ˵ĸ¹ãԼԺ˵Ϣ֮󣬾ʳĹ¡
ǳĸΪϣ¸ŮΪģ°
Щ飬ټԶԹӡ̡³壬ױҪǰͶԺûټˡ
ȴǣԭΪ֮ӡϲֻǣⷽȴλ䵽ǰ̫үһʱ֮䣬ǣ
ˡð۵Ĺȴôᵽ
ǺǡСʵúá
̫ү˫ӹתأ΢΢һ֮󣬲Żӵ
Сʵúã̫ү˵¹΢أȴʵ档
ǳأ˵۶٣
ˣ̫ү΢΢ЦⶫףĿۡ
Բ𣬶Բ𣡡
˵ʱһֻбʯָ֣סϻӡ
һɾ޴͸ľϻȻ˹Ǽ̫үָȻһò¡
һ䣬¶⡣
ȴһٺȻһ䡣
һ˾Ȼ̫үһ档üͻȻһ书ȫͨ˵Բо
һҡһҡסһ
ͬʱ֮䣬̫үһֻϻǵָ
ԭɾ֮ٵԼ̬֮ʹȻ˺ͷĶӡ֮һΣķ漴˳ԡԣ̫ү˼ɵذһ˻ͬʱ֮䣬о̫үһΪ֮ʧ
ɱֱʧڶ֮䡣
̫үǺЦʯӡպãظ֮УԭǸСˣ¾ٰü
СˣҸһҡһǰһҡ
վˣзִ磬һ֮ˣɰһ
ײߣ̫үʹĻ죬˷ˣҲҪԼһ¡
дһ㲻ܲɫ
¶ԭֱ߲Զȡ
֮뿴ڽг񣿡
ת磬һɭɭĳʶӵǰ̽էѱ̫үǰ
ɲǼ䣬ڳһֺ֮⣬ëȻָо
ڽֻչ˵̫үǰ棬һСڼ漰֮С
ĳ⣬ʹ˲ҵġ
Сˣʱɫ䣬ظӻһΣ˫˫һ
̫ү֮ܣ಻᷸档
ޡý
̾̾һ̫үնյӲԽת˸ԲȦӣܿ˳֮ƣתƫ档
Ȼˣڡ
̫үڶԷ֮ʼԵʵνмһ֣֪ûУؽϵ˵ĹȻǰδһС
ʱһʵʹˣҲһ
һ䣬̫үŹϣ˺üɫնı㣬һٸǰвɣҲʱ˳ԡ
ýѽ
żϵ¶̫үһη̾
Ҳ̾ǰĽš
ؽϹ⻪һʱΪ֮Ϊ漴ϽʣתָԼϡ
̫үһ˫۾Ȼڽϣȷʵʶ㣬Ǹҡ
ҵ۲ڽӦǼ߿֮һ¶ˡ
ýýҶԴ˽벻յܰ͡
˵һ٣ʮɻأګګŴ˽һҦʿ֮֡Ѳ˽ӦƮ¥֣֮ȴôֻᡭ
Ȼḻٷ֮£ϸԴΡ
΢΢һЦͷ²֪֮
ⱨ֣Է֪ʱ˿̣㲻ӦԴپİԭǾ͸װͿȥˡ
Ȼ̫ү֮£־ȵŶһ˵ֻɻ󣬹Ȼݣʧˣ
˵ʱ˫ȭǺЦ
ͲΪˣһ˫ֻԷţһ溬Ц˵һֱ֣λε˵ãȻӳһҲͲΪˡ
΢΢һ٣̫үϸ۾תһԵ٣Ц֪иã˹ɫǵɫټȴ֪ڴ˻¥жö಻ţҪһС
ͲҵضشĻϲţҲͲؿˡ
̫үһԸԲغǺЦǡúúáȸˣһ֮ڣã
˵գŶ˱ȭҾһҾ
Сˣ˳֮ȣѲʱһģ˫˫ӣǰ·ת˲֮䣬һ̤ţȥˡ
ػعֻһԷ㶡
ֻ֡ʲôأſػ˵Ҹôֻᵽ
˼ȥһͿҪ֪ˡ
һ٣˵һŹѵģ
⡭ҡҡͷʮɻصҾͲ֪ˣ֣ǲ١
һЦ˼ǹթҿ´ΡŹ˵Ǽٵģ
ôأ
ô᣿˵ǣϲָǿģµġ
˵΢΢һ٣ŽӵˡҷΪһ·ƽڻ£Ƕ˵ĳƺòʱס
һЦĿεԭӦͱ¿ˡ
֣ѧŷ˵ľǻƤģʮá
زһۣϣһЩԽ͸磬ޡ
鲻Խذ۾תһߡҲ˵ôһָоԴҹӴ֮Щܹͬ䣬Ѫգ顣ÿһĿӣⲻĶˣЩԼٵ󷽣Ϊ֮Ůһ棬ܱкӸƵöࡣ
ڰ۾ֻصϣΪ⾪ףڻϣ֮㡭
Ц˵ղѾ˵ҽмңãô
룬ԽΩȨ˵ʧ֮£ҲͲٿ
ٿ΢΢Цͱٶˣǰ£ô죿һŴӡ£㿴ôأ
˵ɲסüëֵղţô֣ӲǺã
ҡҡͷ˵ôһԲѵղûо̫үһڹ֮ˣֻһڳղҾƲϧһƴǼ㣬ұЩ岻ˣ
һ룬龰ˣһʱ۾¶м֮⣬̾Ϣһ˵㡭һûҾͺˡ
˵Ȼ㣬вֺͬα𣿡
ĬĬһЦˣ
ҴӲڡ
ʹΪҶҲڡ
΢΢ЦЦȴִ
˵ǲԶҲڣ
ٵһͷ˵úáһЦֵٻصղŵĻȥɣظ磬ΪղǸʵʲô
һǵظ磬ǰĳƺȴǴвͬ΢΢һĿཻٵĴ̬ɢһ˿죬ӶʹھΣ֮ԷаԼȻЩǸ
漴Ϊⷬ΢ĸдң۹һȥ֮
һ˫۾ڵȴĴ𸴣ڸ۵İΣв޹
ҡҡͷ˵˵ʵں˷ѽ⣬ôΣȴ¶ԣΪġһӦд
һüָôǺãҿǻһ뿪ɣ
һЦòź£һжڣΣδʼûĻ⣬ߣȴûܹʤҡǶ˸ģʵѾڽˡ
ٿգһ۾Щ㯡
ذο˵ǵɳӥȮжǹ졣˵ȷе֤ݣ㲻ӦԥȴΪһίߣҲˡ
뵽̲ס˼
Ȼ뵽ʲô
ˣտտĿ񣬶٣ΪŮ֮
һ˵ұŮ
ǽǰȴһֱеģдʵصǾǾŹӡͶˣ
һ͵ΪһʼõϢҪ׽þŹôһˣоŹһˣȻǸˣڵ㣬ȴֺȻŮˣ˵ȻԻƵҪŪ֮󣬲ź֡
˴γѰ֣һʼԾŹֽ̬ԼԵļ֮⣬˭Ҳ֪ıĿԶﴫžŹ֮˭ϵŹӾȻŮ֮
̫үǵзϢ⣬էȻƵһңԲΪɻˡ
̫үųʾ֮һ̬ɣǸϣǸٵģּڶԶһ̽ҪһֽΣȴǲɲ
뵽ٲż΢΢һЦ뷨е֮ʲôֶԸǣ
˵صҪȻһҪŪ׾ŹǲĻûŪ֮ǰǲóȻֵġ
΢΢һ٣ȥȻûŪ֮ǰȴҲǾʹ뿪Ϊʲôغʽ飬Ҫ͵ԭˡ
ٺЦ۾һۣı´Ҳϸ飬еô˵Ӧôأ
һЦ˵ܲԴУ࣬ͲҪˡǲǶˣ
ٳЦصô
ǵߣԷȥ 







 

  
ʮءɽ¥ 

ƥǰ̤˳ﾡͷ
ǰмôڳ˴ƬӰĽѵȴѵõЩ⡣
סһ˵Ъһɣ
˵ãҲ
һ紵˹Ҷϵɴ˵죡ǰ˼µһų
һũ÷ϣпϣƳγεĴȿһСţŲӬ
ٵȻ٣С˫˵Ǽ¶
߰˸ڳϺ÷Ĵ󺺣ͣ졣չһũҲ۾
ͷŮϽѲ˵ˣοɷɵһ˶ܲΪ֮ȻĶֱۣ
Ҫ÷СڼضֹţȻô˫۾ţֲ˼ģԴͷ
Ǻ֣÷رעֻɲɾһֻ뵹ǷǸɾˡ
ƺ⻹бġ
ţ㴫̤۵糸ǰ
̫ܵˣȴƺȻ뵽ʲôס˻ƥڵƵƵתٵϣƬȥڵһ漫Ļɫɴʣþòɢ
ϵˣͷĴñ⺷֮ŴתƣͷϿ˼ۣ漴߳ţԲȥ
ת˲֮䣬ʣﱳӰ
תؿţǸǵģ
غһ֪ͿҪ֪ˣ
˵վ϶¼Ǯ߰ɣ
𵶣Ǹ˵֡ȴǸׯӣһҴƹݡꡣ
ֱ࣬һ̣ٲԵһϺԼζķˡ
һƬԿʳõĴֻһ֮ȴƻš硪νˡ
˿ȸţ΢һ֮ռǲ
͸ĴżһЩ紵ȴɢǰĿȡ
˶ѳԱűصն
صؿ΢΢ЦˣܿԸˣһˣʲôϷ
ҡһͷ˵׼Ҳֻǳߡ
ֻǳߣ˶ʮֻΪ˳һٷ
ѵֵã
ʮֽغһб۾ֻЦ
տտɵһ˫۾Խһ֮Ĵȥ
ӣȭ¾ƣ¬ԭһţã壬ڶŮ
ôȴһȻȴˡ

㵭ŵİ
ΪһôЦ̿˵š
򻨣
ףֱˣô֪
ΪҲˣ
Ҳˡ
͸˿˿϶䲻ܿʮȴҲ߷һ಼¿㣬ŸʴͷƫһЩɫԺڣһӡǸһ衣Ÿһֻ軨Եĺһһһİ͵˿ϡ
ëëţȴ
һֱʱĽ̬֫Ӱɡ
ֻ⡣
ѽ
ǡ
ĺ֮ƣ̽ӡ
С㣬ҪҪժģ㣡
ٲŵһͷˡ
ںںһǶ˫Ĵ۾üëͦڣҲϸֻӡ
ôһЦ
Ҫٽǰ
ȫǰһһѴãʱɢ㡣
ٷ֣ȡ
ͻţ
ﶼһֱӹ
Ĺɫ΢΢һ䣺
һЦ˵ƣ
ӹӦһһ£żǰ
ҲҪ򻨣
˵ʱԷӹڼǰվֻһ˫ڰ׷ӹµµתš
Ҫȿһ
ῴأ
֣һؽӹٳٲͱǡ
ӹЦһЦȴǲ˵
⴮ϱвͬ͸ۣȥΪޡ
Ļ̧ͷǰжˣ
ӹЦ˵ܾˣˡ
Ŀ⾼ֱֻһˣ
ӹŵˣ
̧ͷֲȻЦЦ⻨㣬ῴ
ҡҡͷ˵⻨̫ˣ᲻ã
Ϊʲô
ӹȻ۾
ΪжضȻһ֮£ûˣ
ڣһƣֱϻ
ӹϸ
Ʒ漴߳һͷһƬưɣԷ˳ȥ
ȴһˢصӰ˫ͬʱ˽һһңͬһʱֱضҼ
һѩһ˫йٱʣڲһƳĵ˫˫ֱżк
һ¶ԭڼϣתƣƥԳ
˫˫סС
ؽˡֻһ֮ܲס˫˫ȥĲ֮ࡣ
֮ӡ
ӽͬʱǸӹӰƮѵǰһЦߣ
ʽط𣬱ټץ
һһֻ룬ʢĲˮһֱűӹ
ǽϣ֭Ƭ½ɡ
һ䲻˶Էȴķ֮ƣһ˲ǰһڳľʹֱ̣ӹǰġ
ۣ硣
ӹɫȻһ䣬ʶһݽǣճĵطɺһ˫Ӳϡ
һѩһ˫йٱͬ٣֮ƣȴڼĽ˫˫һֹǰ֮ơ
ӹһתﲽм䡣һӣγлƣȴѼΧС
򿪴˵ɣӹһ˫ˮ۾ֱŵǰļأȴʧ
ռģ֪㣬㱨ֺŰɡ
˵΢΢һУصǰСб͡ƮˮûԹ⣬ܿ·ɣαأǽӣûкô
仰һڣССĺιʱһҲǷŰۣ˵ЦĹˡ
ǰ̤һ΢һ죬꣬ɢһԣǸʢĳҲƱ֮һ״ĵС潭ű֮һĿ绢ҲӱԭΪϸ͸˿ֻ࣬ĨԱ̣˿һ޶һʩչɷ磬׵һ棬ɾý
ǲҪС椶ͷСӦؽ磬ʩһͷ
ԭﶯٹԱ֮󣬸Զ϶ϲ
ȴҲϺеּ⣬Ŵһ軨ľݻóѣֻ˭϶ȡڼ
ʧˣر΢Ц벻ᣬΪأְһʧ֮
ӹһüëǳǳЦòŸҿףһУҶиţǼƵˣǳԽӴĿˣǿ
ͣһ£ðת˵˵ˣձˣ㵱ˣοɾͲһС÷£˵öвҪǧҪ
𻰣ȴѼˣȻôһ֣ˡ
ӹüͷһ£ϣô¶ʲôԵģ
һɤӻãӦһ˳棬ܿرӵһ˵ܶΪ¶£㷹Ҳԣɴ뿪
΢΢һЦעĿǰŻΣʲôк£Ҫ̣
˵֮ʱһڳֱأɭɭĽѳڣӦǾܡ
ӹᣬƮ֯ȴŵ֮һ˳ֽ¹߸ֶ棬ǧֵкԷѰ
֮£Цһ֪ʣðɣҸɴ͸㣬ܹģλܶԳˡ
һ٣ЦŨصҲŹӣȴǲ֪λȻɾһ飬ѵõúܡ
üһֵ书жţСʲĶ֣ǣΣɾЩͬˡ
صʲôͬ
˵𣿡
ӹ۾һתٵλС㣬ǽ֦ҶӣҪܰʲôæ𣿿Ǹ׸ɣ
Żˣҿɲǣ˵ҲʲôŹӣʮӵģǵʲô𣿡
ӹ۾һת˵㵱ȻʲôŹӣʮӣֻǶȤȴǶʲôȤ
úһҿɶûȤ˭Ҷ˵ô񣡡
ӹٿ۾˵ĿĿתصôǽ̸̸ֻҪϰλСǾƲΪѣȥԺ棬ôǿԺˣô
ʱתȥǸһƬɴҲԳȵ񣬷·ǵļĻƵġ
̵˵⼸仰ҲЩ
ٶʱһ𣺡ʲô
ز̽ȥ˵ֻǹλСԼ飬ȴܴ
ӹܴ
ظЦȻֻԼˣ
˵ʱԺϾг佣ʣڳһȹݱ̬һٵԾ
ӹȻ϶Է⻰ʵԾΣۼԷʣȴʵ顣
ߣȫ׼µ֣ѳһ򣬼ؾ㹦ˣҲδؾȲʤȯҲʾ
£΢΢Цתٵ⻰˵±ֻСһˡ
΢̣мְصҲȰǰλһ£⣬ǵˣֻҪкһҪж٣ҲԺµع䷹꣬ʲôأ½ϡˮϣǵ˻ǡΪСİȫ룬Ϊ㻹ĺá
صͷ⻰ֻǻһ仰ˡҲΪ
΢ƨ
һʱڲԣ˵˸ղϿڵ֣ٹѳڣԷһʱΪȡ
Ҫ֪˹֮ܽǼϣר˽̵Ʒųڵۣڽֹ֮Уǰĺ޼صıңһʱѿڵٹڷףȴѲܸĿڣһʱΪ֮סˡ
ϵһϮɴΪһʱ֮ߣҪȻ֪η
֮£ݸһЦתӹλ˵ƨȻǶΪȻˡ
ӹһ˫۾ٵ䲻ȴϣλС׿˵ôС㣬ԸǲԸ⣿
Ƿƫƫظһ˵ģһʱӾȣɴݺݵżضһۡ
ƫƫؾӶӹ
Ѿ˵һƨ֣Ҫ˵һΣô
һֻߵúһɴӣ
̬ⷬӹֱ׹С
Ȼ֪գǰ̿ԶȤ١
ȻⷬȤΪŽںͤģͶұӹߣǲ֪ԣĪֺЩĪֻΪԷ裬ģһʱɫʺ졣
ô˵ǲӦˣ
˵ʱӹһȻһ죬ֶ绢ٴΰڳ˼ʽϵļ̣ɭɭǷҲˡ
˼ز԰ڳ˱̬ȣƣվٵǰ
㱨ɣ
˵ʱһֻ֣ٴ˽ϣɭɭĽֱϮǰˡ
ߣӹһǾƲԳԷˣ
֣Ŀ⣬ֱؽ²֮ˣ
ӹֻЦǸֳйٱʵĺӣȴٺЦСӣ򻨰ʮ֮һֽ˼˼Ĵ֪͸Ұ
ŶصĿתˣͷȷʵֵĴһλ漴Ҳչ˵ֳֳһӡ
ʱȻٴñȴڵһۿʱϳǷ·СʱͷñҴҲˡ
ֱʺȻŹ֪غҲ֮£ȻЦճɣλ£ռġ
ɣӹ˼˼ȻڵԼ񣡡
Ũ̵üëЩȴ˼˼Υ棬ǣ
΢΢һЦȻԳӣȻ书ǿҾλˡ
漴תһԵٵҪˡ
ǰξ飬һҪܣٻŲվ
ֽ˼˼һü˵˼ۣһ޷λС㡭
ҪʹҵƣҲŲأ
˼˼һðɣȻǾ͵ˣ
һǰصıӣҲƵڿ˸ľ֮ϡ
سգȴٳٲγ
˫һԴ𣬿ģȴбҪֱһֱˣŲϧ֡
˼˼һʮİʾ
ɣ˫˫ϡ
ǰһ˫йٱʣһѩһֱмصϮ
أذγ˾յĳ磬ֱָǰ˼˼
˼˼Ȼһˡ֪Էвƹ䲻⡣
һֱ˼˼ʵȴ漰˼˼в죬ȵˣ·ƣ֪ףŲٴνȴһ
һʩչǼķֹ⽣ʽһʽʵ䣬й񲻲֮
ֽ˼˼ؽȣۿŶԷƣ⻪ʢĿѿɡ£һʱΪ壬סһ졣ֻôһٵĵΪԷ϶롣
һ죬ϵѩ׵ӭŶԷơֻһѩﻹյסһģַɳƣĲ
ͬһʱ䣬ڽȴһĳɣֿһ˫й˫ʼ䣬˽ȥ
ɴһŲˣˣһʽֹԭרΪ˶Ըġֻתէ֣ʵһֻ֣ӣѱ
һʴ֣һ䡣ɰĲҽһһģһ㵹ȥһҧгݣʣٵ˴ѨֹסѪ
ȴһתסұۣ߳ǳȥ

һƬƮƮԷ⡣
˼˼֮飬
ءأƬһȳɵİʽʱ˳
ǽˣͬŸݽǡܣԴ
˸ˡ˿ڵһĽŲһӵϣֳһ˽ʽͬʱ֮䣬˿ڵԿն䣬˰ȥ
һֻֽ٣ֳ磬ճһİͬʱúһ
̣ŵûʧɫȻһתӣ˱ڼػ
Ӱֽ˼˼Լ˼ɫĳɣ
ǰƣ뿪˽𵶷꣬һ֮⣬һ硣
˼˼ӷݳƮһ¸ǽֹţ
Ϊһ֮ȴҲ硣
һ߳˶ʱֹס˹ƣ˿ηʩ
˵۾ڼءٵϡȴǽػͷҲһһ£ȴ֪ٶش벻رô˫۾ŵʱЩ˼
ǣٵƽΪʹҪ˵ܣʹв⣬ҲǺˡ
ˣ㱧컸дκƮƮȻƽʱ򣬸ǺεܰãǰȴܷģȴҪͶעǰڶˡ
ȴţŲӦΪˡ
Ӵ˼˼˵ѽֲѷأ
ɴ౧һ˫첲Цˡ
Ȼ˶ˡǵҲʡˡôҪǶô
ԭڼظϣͷҲ̧˼ô˵ػعͷݺԷһۡ
Ѿͷᣬ˺죡
˵Ÿɴӵһͷ˼صļϣȴСţɣⶼǵĻúڼҪô죿ֹܲҰɣ
Ӹ˽һЩ˵ĻҺúѽ
һ£ڰοһ˫Ѱֳÿһ˶չ˵ˡ
ʵۣǰƣǶ߼һǿԼǽתǵЩᡣ
ȻЩ˵޹ǣһ٣ɾͲͬвɾͲ룬ôţʵ
ȻĲʧô룬ǸľȱҲˣ⡣
ֽ˼˼ۼĿ֮£ȻԼ״̬Ŀġ
⵱شƶ
ֻԼ֮䣬̶õãһ䣬ɽʯġ·ǧ֮ơ
ˡ
նֳ΢Цһֻӵٵ֣˲Ϊ֮ɿ
һֻƿñԵɴһۣ
΢Цôûв´ɣΪǽΧˡ 







 

  
ʮ߻ءƤѻ 

ֽ˼˼һȻųӿĴ㲻һһʱá
˵Ʈڽƺƴ˸ǣǽ֮ǰǧ̣Ͼͬն
Ʈȫǲͬǰֻֽ˼˼֮һСδμˡ
˵Ҳǧ֮ϣ˲ϢǰѵأһĶǰңʱ䣬Ѱѽ𵶷Χס
ֻһӧñż￥ʮ⺷ݴһȣֱǰ
٣ִ죬һջ裬һȵܱȽþ£˭Υնɱ⣡
һ߳ȣǻԲؿţһŪк֮ơ
˼˼һ棬Ȼÿ˶һ̫٣ɱǶԷǰеĻǹʽһɫİľͷӣŻΪ䲻࣬ýͷնҲֻ˵˱Ͼ࣬Ϊˣƺá
ֽ˼˼Ŀ֮£֪·ȴתµȥʣ
ô£
ǰ˼С٣ȭλүˡ
Ѳ͵ش߳ţض˵£
һǰһͷս٣ź
иռô
һ֮£һżȥ
ټвءٴǼô
صһͷô
Ͷˣλ˵һˡһƮ˻ֵ
Ƕȥɣ
ǰ˼˼ΣһЦ߳һˣ漴תȥ
Ʈһ棬˼˼뿪ǰĴѹﻹҲ뿪ȥһ־磬ݲݽ
ӧͷǰ·ءٺ棬ŵǰǲ壬ȴЩսľץżۣżؽڽǰ
ŵǰƣ㣬˷չʵ֮Ув⣬ܿΣ٣ɱΧ
һߣһĴϸգҪʱնɱԲκһˣڶԷǹһ䣬Χ
ȻⷬʩΪ˹˼ٵˣҲֻھԱҪʱʩչ˴㣬ڵǰƣǰС
ٽץǿ򶨵ЩʲôҪǴȥ
سµģİɣ
ô˵ҲͲٿȴѼץø
̶һ̵·˺ܾãӧŶһоǰеһٸνô
ԭ֮󣬴ıΪӪפҪأ֮
ǰ֧ӣıлǹѰӦһӪĪֺνֵ֣ʮ硣
˳Ũüһ˫ۣһףҲŭϳŶ˹ֱȭˣǼô
վӦǾǡ
νһ˫ӣֻϴתȴŷɫɴһ˫Ь幤ףһУͷϵĶɫңͬ洹µıɴɹɷֹɳϮʮʢŮӴ磬ʱ˿̣ȴЩ
Ŀ¸ǰУţɾ͸ۡ
νٺЦ㱨ɡ
ٶһ٣˵Ůҡ
νһΪʲôŮʲô¹ʣش˵ȴΪϲνֹסҪ׿ڻش
µͷٷ򶨣үٽӦƼѵǴͷô
ϲνһͷҲ
ǺһЦһڼǻν˵ǴˣţǶа۲㣬ȥ˰ɣ
үˣٻ̧ͷһɴԷţ峯£ȴҲһϯ֮أδʤܣҲ˵
󵨣
ϲν߳һ
ȴһ˵үǽΪ٣֪Ȱµĳʮʮ֮һ˵ô
ôһ˵νƻȻ򣬵һͷԲٿ
ԭΪȶҽɽòģӺײߣνʮʮ֮Ȩ˷ߣҪһдŮӣ˹Ȼϰף裬ŮȴϮɷ磬һдŲ䡣涨޷ŮԿϰװףΪ֮
ǰ˲νһʱ죬Ϊôһʱƿԣߣٻһ併Ϊ٣һ֧̽һʱˡ
Щ֮Ϊһ֮һϦ֮ģɼ䱾ģԸ˶֮߳ġ˼ļԪ״᲻¹󣬸Ϊ֮⣬ʵһŶۣǰССνʹĻ壬ٱְСָֻʹȴԳɾʹ£⼸仰˵־
ȻһԼǰʹɷóһֽһۣһ۾ˡ
λһ˵úܺãңһֻ²ôɵؾͷ뿪ˣ
һɣѿڵô˵ǿˣ
ϲνٺЦǵĸֲСйΪ˵飬ҲͲظŻȥˡ
عͷ߳һУ
ǰĺӧС٣ʱӦУȭ
ǵȥɣ
ˮʱ΢
һʹ䵽ˮ棬ѾСβӣϵ
߾С澣۰Ͱ͵ϳţƼʲô߽ţ
ˣˡתȥˡ
СվӣŶ˱һȭˣλ룬ҾͲٶˡ
һתȥ

پš
ǳ̶ۡɫȹӭ裬ʳĳĳ壬߷ϸΣһ˫޳Բʵȣ͸Ⱦüޡӡ
˫֣ѶɫĴɴֿŵǰһ󴬴ѣһ˫۾漴תأ磬ô£
Ц˵վ޿ǣ֮֮ȴҪ˵⣬ϴȥɣ
һ죬һ˺ǺЦӭ٣ﰡ
ֻؿˣҲ֪˭ˡ
̫үһ£ȫǧǲĹ̬ϣЦݣԶԵôֱŵǰˣһ
žܣǲ壬УȴҲ㣬Ҷ£˸Сæ
ǺһЦǶٷûгԺãصرмСˣΪСѹɣ롭롭
һЦ߶ˡ
ͬٲϴ󴬡
Ǹǳз֡
ǰصϵô
Уܼضģల¡ǰϴȹ۲죬ˮҪʱʹ٣ԽˮҲ£οǰ̫үԲһٵʾãʾ»δ죬ڴ֮ǰɱƽ¡
ȴǣδܾʹ϶ԣ¶һֱ֣ţʱĳһ
ýĴųľϣС壬ɼˡһ泤缸㣬ȴٴһ棬ⰻȻ磬ʢо޺Եʾ޸ס
ӦǴ˼ҵիȴ˵ĻǱĲã׼˶ۣӦֻһ򣬵ĲȻһʿ
Ҫɣ
̫ү֣ǰһ˫ӣָ˫˫˸򸣡
̫үԸһϲˣ˺ǺЦ˹¶࣬ҾһȫȨҲǰ˰ɣ
΢΢һЦտտĿֱŵǰ̫үעĿƣ̫ɻҪ˵ס
̫ү˵ôʵٳ飬һˣܴԭЩкҲʹ»СʲôҲ͹ȥˡ
΢Цʲô£»С
̫үЦһ˫˵ܸ棬˵λμɡܴפ𣬲ܲܡҼȻ֪ˣܰСæصŸ飬ô¡
ٵͷЦԭô˵Ҫлл˼أ
˵˵С㲻ؿһͶԵԺҪأ
غһˣһ£ɸҸʣ
ˣˡ̫үЦ˵һͭһøҪǡǲ
˵ֺǺǴЦ
⵱Ʋ½𣬸һƬö˿
۴⣬̰һƬ決죬ƽϵݺɲݳ˿һ˵ߣʱ˿ѪڣҲ㻯ΪָᣬȴղҲ
۾⣬⵽ִʿذ֮䡣˵صΪ⻪ˣص۾ٴƻشգȷΪڵŵĲö
ˡðܴ˵Ĺٴô
νܴˣ򱾵صܱ־ţɽںͤ׹ˮ裬Ϊ丸֪סΪ£Ҳɲ
ȴ̫үǺЦˣˣٲ²¿
˼ȴ΢Ц绹ʲôɡųǸӹŵү֮⣬˭أ
̫үһ̾ѽС߼һеģһ㶼Źٴƽʮҽ廭֮һȴΪСһۿν֮۶ߣȴ֪Сôģ
һЦ˵ĺôϲų˲֪ͨԣʧһ˲ţֻϧ־ᣬ٣ȻֵһүţֻǴڲսų꣡
˵ͣһͣĿһת̫үΪ˵Ще
̫үһ㶣̶ЦãŴбʯָĴָ˵С⼸仰ʯ֮˲˲𡭡˵ʱɲסԺЦ䲻ϰ䣬ȴн۷磬ֻƣݷá
⼸仰̫үȴǿض˵һ٣һ
˿̣طֱ޻ָģмһŮӣȻ֮
˵ʱ̫үתδȭѣһ˫üƵƵҲ
һЦ֪ðү뵣һһתЦһǰ˵ٻүȿۻ룬֪½Ƿû˵ȴҪʾź˵
żصĻڣһֱϮ̫үǰǰ˿ꡣƣȴ˭֪صİȻɱ
طĿ⣬ֱ̫үһֻ֣֪ѻ򳤽
̫үһЦˢȣš
˵úãôһ˵˽ˡߺߡ˵˵һ䣬һŹϣֳޱȴʮص΢΢Цţ֣ѶԶλв֮ˣȴںεأҪϴ
ڼĽ֮£̫үȴҲ˷磬֮𺣬ܲ˹Ŀ࿴Ϊˣ̫үҲŸΪĪȻʶȴ϶ǵˡ
νֲЦˣ̫үһʾ֮ʹܷ̫үЦƣֻһףҪ«ʲôҩôţֻ΢΢һЦ
̫үǺЦλר˴㣬ͻؿջʵȥ¥ˮ·ȴԶ½·Ҫö࣬رΪλκӵĽĿ
٣ѻƶֱŽġ
ԭʡںģ䲻֪֣ȥ¾ѣ̻죬Աˮʤգڴ磬ϰϰ磬Գ룬ȫ
δ״ŶƲǰ
˿ַ̣ɴȻӳ֮£毺ݣϡɼһ֮
վκ֮£ﶼСġǰ治һſԱˮ˰
̫үƣϸϣֻ۾Ц졣
һҪһطкʯңʯͷȫǺģɳ̲ˮ񣬺ֵһǿͣһ£
˵ôһΪ鷳󷽱ɣ
̫ү˵ĶղҲ˵үĴȻңҵģѵöλ͹⣬βһΣ
ͻȻΪһ˺ٺЦ̫үĹͣҲ˼Цϴ֣
˵ĵǰһֺῪ
̫үһæλ׳ʿˣʧʧ
漴صˣүǰλ׳ʿҪλ
һԽǲɫ²룬˱ȭ˵ʧ
ĿתȴѰ˸һԻƣһףһ̷üò죬ɫȴһ֮£˳ŲĽ֮ɫȴƳӪܹѵ
ߣν̫֮һ˵֪ƮνӴ۽ԿСǰˣĪǱڴ֮УзԶ̫үѳΪԷλǼãС㡭
δ٣֮Уλ̷üĻӺǺЦδ꣬벻ˣһ֮
˵ʱƵƵһ˫׶ٵӣĶ죬Ȼʹüؼ𣬷·
üӿǰһ˼ݵŨһڴ
˫۾Ϲˣȥڹһӣһпӵķ
ôһᣬرԶȻ
ޡ
һպУʷ꣬Ż£ðΪһʱ֮ѣӣ뵱Ⱥۣйһ֮ԵαװΪһ۵Ϲӣ̫֮һ˳̫깫ұƽһλ
˷꣬˾˼־ڱصãţƮоβɣĽ룬ʹ֪Ѷˣ顣ðϹӵĹұƽڵյĲܱھβɣ˴βɣһȴְ˼صϣ°ѼֵۣˣΪ˼زƮһ棬ѽԹ
̫깫ұƽĶȻʹһɲǼ䴥൱֮¡俰ǣԷ֮ΪΣҮҮ˲Ϣ䵹ҲԷֱ棬˼⡣
˲¶࣡Ϲӹұƽڨڨصôһˣһ˸ˣˣӲҪã
Цһ٣ƫͷ߶ˣٺЦҳǸռģӣ˼ҲƵһ֣Ǹӣ˼ǰֱˣ˼Ь䡣
ұƽ֮⣬¶˷ԻƵĺӣϳԼѮ⣬ʼ繭𺣬ǹӥӣƻ׵һڶ׳ʵȴ⺷֮
һ仰˿ȥ֮ǼֵĽɫ
֮£ƷɭɭһЦһ˫֣żعһ⻰Ҳ٣ݴ׹ĻһҲûп󣬾ǰ죬ݿɲ編ƣôһ֣Բ٣˵ϴ˵ˣݸǰ˴ۼյ̫үĺ긣ݵ®ɽ棬ٺ١һý
ֿ˫֣˸˺γһ֮ƣ⣬ȴѼΧλϡ
صȻʱᣬ΢΢һЦȴһ˫۾ת̫үȥˣҪֻϺδãֻһԭԤ֮У
̫үǺЦվְֻ֣λ׳ʿ԰꣬л˵һЦ˵벻λӢϧԭǾʶᡭ漴ΪǸĻƷŵλǻԪ׳ʿ˳Ѫ֡޳
Ԫ׺ǵһЦ˵ϣͱ˵ڻˡ
̫үһھǻصĶ漴Ǹ״󺺵λһƿɽллӢۣүߵλ̫꣬Զ֪йţ
֮ݸһЦ֤ʵ¡ԷȻ̫ˡ
ǵõԼΪʱ°˴أ;ڽУˮʦˣʱѩ˶Էƣʢըҩαƻƽľ䣬ԭڻըԷȫըΪɻңɣ󿪶ˣݳƱ̫֮Уˣֻ̫ʣ壬Ӧ̫ˡǰһȴˣɵǣϴүĻ֮Уν֮żȻǳ̫үȰţֻǿǰ̫үȴֲУ䵱ˣʵģʲô
ԹֱۣصһϷֻȴϷɵ⣬Ϊ빫ٶϷеʵԷϷĿģڶԸԼ
ֻ˵˾֮ĸ֣һԲ
̫үԭΪ˵ЩʲôһᣬŸЦתԪ׵ˣһȭȥѹһŲ֪ˣСҵĿˣҪλ׳ʿ顭
û˵꣬Ԫ׿һڵ˵ϣǿǵˣ˵Ϲյ£һ仰ǰ£ϵشˡְš
̫үһЩ³ӡ
ϹӹұƽһЦȴһԲڵǲ֪ߵغ񣬲ϵָʾʵǴ˹ϵش׵طŹ
ɫ͵һұƽɭֱصռģǰ˵ٻǸʲôģǸʲôģǾ͸ɴ˵ɣƽǳ͢Ҫү׽ã˭ҲΥڲ˵׼һϵģǲ٣ͳǾͷŲ㣡
ڣٿһѰѽ˫ϥһ˫ֲӰϡһԪ׵һǹҲ˳Żһ죬Ҹ첲ϣӹһףذ˰ߣһ˫˲Ҳ˲ֱضšһƿɽлҲûţſҸۼҲƵȻһų֮ϡ
ֻûгС
ֻۣ̣
һۼѿԷ̣Ǵ˵еһţֳӥ֮ڣʹڼСĿռ䣬Ҳʩչһʩչ֮βΣۻӥ֮չᣬ˶ǣתѡ̣һǰգ֮ձڿ֪֨֨ǺεȾˡ
̫үǺһЦ˵ãáܣҲܡһת㵽һߡ
ͷһ۽һԷǸչ
һɼ緢Բ棬Ԫ׵һǹѶͷֱ¡ͬʱгʶһߣȻУԷǹӭһ顣һڴ⣬ο¶ԭһڱСűһǹ⣬ǹǹ⣬Ϊ֮ϳһء
ȼ֮һ֮󣬼ˢһתһӭ˹ұƽһ˫УұƽƵƮ˳ȥ㣬̵ֶΪԷϱһ롣
ȴһһźӰԿնʾһƿɽлټ³ʵϸ¾ǰһʽ֣ȷ͸Ÿµӣճӥһէ䣬ͷ֮ϣһֻƻſųɽһɾ޴ֱͷֱߵ֮£Ϊ֮ҡ
ضȻһȴû뵽խСĿռ䣬ԷȻʩչ
ǰΣżȻССգȻһƣڶԷԤ֮Уν̫ү֮Ȼ֪һţ
Ԫסұƽ˫˫ȴʾǵ
ǰһʽֶ߲嵶ͻȻ룬ŵǰƣνϸ޷졣
Ȼ䣬ԪסұƽȻӣһһңһ졢һĶ˽һʽ֮
ʧ£ʧңұֱסͷΨһǰһ棬ȴһǡ
һֻһ䣬֣Լ֮ţ಻Ϊ֮һ亹
ͬʱ٣ֱһ֣һԵͷ䡣
ؾƵնԶԼԤԼһо֮䣬ͬʱⲻ˱ΪԷˡ
ΪƣһͷҲ𣬱ǵƮɺСнһʽ
ɲǼ䣬޳壬һĻŤ˵һε̬ͻݳȴǧһյ˼㡣
һУлͷĿɽƣ棬ſһ죬ذ˶һǸذ壬סҲŪˣ
һʱ䴬󶯣˻ബ϶Ūʪˡ
ѽһٵķбŵ
ϮһͿһֻƣֱ˹
ֵֻȫȻʵϣȴ롣ôҲûϵδһȴһֻ֡
˵ǹ֣޿šһƬⱦֻ˸ɫʯָԲƣȫȻǰ
ͬʱ䣬ǰֳ̫үཱུĹӰ
ȴѲ΢Ц֮ģޱɭɱȻ̨ϣϷʦһֻħ֣ɫ貵һƬʣ̫үֱֺֻֻ֡ƽʱҪһʽ֣Ҳףοһľδܾٵһ֮һƣڼȴǴĲٹȻʱ
ߣǸƣһƣ磬Աߵ޶ż̫үһֻཱུ֣ȴ
Ƶݱ䣬ʹżһİܱڳأػصһɲǣͷһʹΪ̫үһơ
̫үĺݶģ޲һƱãʮһĳ룬ֻΪܻжԷĸҪû뵽ڴΧ֮£Էתأʮþȵĳ֣һ裬Ȼ˲ʧδܻжԷǰҪ
ȴҲͬСɡֻһʹģط·ͷͷˡ
ƫƫʽ㼯һɿߵʹü𣬴һĳХٿƲᣬ̣ͨ
ˮĽûڼ֮С 







 

  
ʮ˻ءޱ 

ļ
ʱ䣬ǰʮ⡣
ǰ̲죬׷ѰԶ㲻ޣ޿κΡ
̫үһƿ֮һϣѹݣɢǱֻ·һ
ʶڼ֮䣬ȴǿ԰һѹʵӣֻܶò˳ˮ֮ƣȡ򰶱ߣȥʮԶ˽ʯ飬˵öסӡһƧˣҰܣߣصһ
ؽðƶϰССһ̣ʹú䤱
ֻƵƵϢѡ
ʱѲǰ֮ʮ֮ȫˮʪ˵ΪɳһȾǱӼֱ
ӰƣסԼŵˮܻ֮ôİ
ǣصľȴޱҡ
Σһ˲һ
˾һƳ䣬µˡ
غ޲ʱԾ׷һҴȥȴֻ̾
һһٵʮ֮࣬ؽ£Ȼֱ߲ͣԶʮƥڵĽǡбеĿĶ֮šͷһʶôһˡ
һ˵ءһѪܾٴͨѪһСǰĶ̬չ
ֻһ׳⸽һܲ˵ģлµ߿ȥ
ΪлǸ˴Ӧһ߶õõ򽭱ȥ
һоڼ߲ԶڶŶ಻ʮԶ
ؽһҰӻֻҪһʱΪ˲
ʱǸ׳ּܵһڲݴ棬Ƿͷȥ
Ӧһ׷ײ߶Ųݵһ·ѲйԵ
Ҳ
ԭָ֮£ѪԳͨȴ֪̫үһƣھۣ׼ѪΪһɢԼعǲѾ۽ָȴҲ֮£ƫƫǰⲽѣüޣֽǺã
𶯣ӽøǿ֧Űӣ̧ͷŲ϶һ£̷ԭǿһб¡
ǵ֮ǰ˵һ·ȴֻ֪ˣֻǸû뿪
ԼԭָУԶԸ̫үʹֳĿƫƫԷһٱƮһ棬Լ˵زȻȡ̫ү֮ı㣬ȴҲ֮ܲڴΧ˵ʱԼˣƫƫһʹԼеۣĶơµ̫ι᣿̫үֵǺηʥԼȻ֪
ЩͷһʱԺȴǣǰɲЩʲӵʱһƥŸֳֳĺӧٱһ·ӸնݣнǰԶ
ضȻһ֮£ֽסѡ߰ƶұ߰ȴǲ£ǰһѲʱ֮ľʡʱ֮һ֮еġ
ǰӧٱֻӰ׸˳꣬һ·ڲݴӿطּ̽϶һֻš
ˣ
һ֮߳£ٴǰϳٿֱżǰΣصˡӧٱһ̲УȴΪطһʣץס˳ľˣһգзƵģѰӧٱ𵱿ա
ۣһͷȥ
ȴǰѾ˶ˡʮٱ׷ײ˷һӵһ뼯ʮӴ۵ĳ꣬һƬָȫȴƫƫʷ䣬˵ǰƶȴҲ¿ɼ֡һ֮
ͬʱ䳤ʣһϼ
һƬ죬˳Ϊ֮۶ϡѷԾһԾսȦ֮⣬бһļȴֵ
һεĺХУָ˹
䵹ԵϣȴҲ¿ɹۣʩ֮£һٱΪ£Ը˲ᡣ
ж㣬ڶԷٱΧɱ֮¡һԲ֯ľ޴ԭʱܶԷģһУʮ
һ񹦣κΰ̱һ㣬һΪԷУһĪչ죬ȴҲãһ䣬ڱ»ֱϣѹ֮£ʹʩչá
һ廨󣬼رһ˫ԯĳ
гֵʿ֮⣬һɽ룬Ѯ֮İ׳٣˿ģ⣬۲ϵսƷ¶
ɭɭĽ⣬ӳȴʮֽƻýٺ١úá
˼ԻʣԼϡ
Сֵܣ͸ҵѺýղ㿳µʳǾһʹһ·֮ϣֻҪԹǵҾԲΪ㣬ҪоƣҪ⡭
˵˵ţѼЦһںǻŵطһһ㣬ңǶáҪ㲻ղһҵǿɾͶԲٺ١
ꤣ˳ǰٵֱߡ
Ӿƺ¼Ϊ⣬ҲͲһ
˵Ǵǰ̫үǺŹٴģʲôǲУҪȥ
Ц˼˶ȣƵƵҡŵ϶˵ˣүҲ֪Ǵģа취ģҪʲôʲôү˼Ҷģ㿴İϺꡭ
˵̫үһʱΪʵԱּĬƸԴǻѵֵµˣ
ǣǡŶӾٺȻôĵӣֱүĹӡһֻļصļͷҿҲûˣϵܡֻҪ·Ϻúõģҵҽ˲ʲô˵
һЦȥʲôط
ʱ֪ˡ°߯߯Цǰ§Ŵӣǲˡ
еõãоٶ죬ŶԷ׵̸£ŶԷǱʲô̷ܡ
һ˹ѪٰܾϹؽڴͨ廨ͬһʹ͸Ϊˣȴܲ
˵˽µĻϵܣɱңӾٰͷսˣ˵ǸʲôװģǼ٣
ͷȻһЦʲô˭ǹ
Ӿһ㶣ʵغǺЦͱװˣҪȻүǸϺ֣˵ǻͺüʮأǸСˣһʴơ
ɲסؽ࣬ԭپŹ΢֣ΪԷ̽ˣֲ̫үݺϣΪһϽûл֮׶༪ˡôһ룬ƵֱѰȴҲɴ˿жԼղͬһǰСְѺأǽھ¼ȻʼΪǸүţ֮ı㣬Լڣ׶༪٣Σһǵӹǰ֮ѣŵ㡭
ƫƫһ廨Ҫѣ̸ף
Բ𡭡עĿǰӾٵҿڿˣˮȰɣ
ӾһЦ˵УС飬ƣŪˮȺȣ
ڼߵһӧٱ̽һˮοӾ͡
ȴ֪еǼض磬һͲˮȫ˲ǰǱ
쵰Ӿٵһ˫ţۣµļһһ鲼ڼزϿá
һЦ˵ҪֻʪܣҲһˡ
˵ʱһϢ˰ϢѪҲѴͨȻʩ֮£һϣֻǵȴѲΪˣ֮ơ
Ӿ̽£ȴһùüͷ
˰ɣϵܣ̰ɣ
ӽ⿪ЩҲˣ
УС
һҪ⿪ӾͷҡøСƵġЦűиɲһֻ֣Ӳزôһ˶Է֮ơ
ԭڸԴ϶˰Ӿдһ֡°Ӿһֻ֣̽˼и£زɫһͣһӿɺˣӵְβˡ
ֹǰβֱܶ
סѽѽô£
ּʹԽԽβŪһĺ
⡭ġô£̵ġף
ԽԽ۵ðӾһͷ󺹣ͷֱֻּǱסˣƶˣ
ͼͷǱһʱҲˣ׷վ֣ȴһʹȫ֮ҲܰγֺǵðӾ۴С
סаˣаˣ̵аŶ
һʱڲԣʲô໰ˡ
ʹ˻̵ˣֻƫƫǰβ
ššơ
ֹ͵ļӾɫұ䣬ȥֻ첲ǵѾʲɡ
⡭ֵܣɡãˣͱˣҰɣ
Цɱȿ޻ѿ
˵ˣ棬ô˵ˣأԼôֵֹ˭
Ӿ˰ûãȷʵҲߣֻûӶ֣ȡԿף£۾ȴżأЦһ
ֵܣǸŵҪʲôУɹֲ飡
漴ɫһ´߳ҪǸκжֻܸµɱۣ
ָԴӦһٿ
龰ڰӾһʱƽģ漴Կף˼ϵһ£ȻǰβⶼָղʱΩֲȴൽԼͷϣʼδ£һ±Ͷ֣Ϊ⿪ͷȴ֪Դͷһ⿪һ˫֣ѹҲƵس˳ٶȸ֪ӾҪ˶١
˫ͬʩ缲硣
ӾٰӴһ֪ôµĵڱ󡢷ŵֵǿ¶һƬΪԷһץ˹ȥ
ͬʱ֮䣬һֻֻ֣ȴָֻһ£ס˱֮һĸֵ
ڵԭٶȣֱŶȴ֪Ҳڼص֮Уżһɿת֮ƣһѷ߶
һŸƫУһ͵üģһӵŵݳһ룬ȴֻǰһڣһϷ˳ȥ
һ䣬֡ڱ۵סŴתĻƳ
Ⱥ£˷ӿϡ
һȳŵĳǸʱݵıͣ˴Ϸ̨ϴſ̬һһҲˤ˳
УزԻɳᲽɲһˣͬеĻиܣɥһźӾٿҲˣһ³ͦŸӣȴΪԷ۵һڳ¶ָĺ۶ϣ±ˣǰһࡣ
ӵӣ٣жʮ֣ңԭһɱֻΪͷ˶ԷһʱҲɵۡ
𡭡𡭡
ҲƵذֻ֡
Ƕȥ
һﻹǰ
ܻߺȣȴΪصһִֻ˼ϣòţܣһ̾ˣ
͡
ֻһС·ˣ˵Ƕ˺󣡡
Ȼ˵ѪͨӹȴȻǷҪȫȻԪȴһʱĵԣǰԷСС̣ȴҲв˵Ҫͼǻһˡ
Ӿڼسʹ֮£ĸҲΨΨǣ£һʱȳ
ǰһ̣ǰһƬ֡ػͷһۣҶ˸棬Էſģȴ﷢ëµý
ϵܡô
Ҳһƣǿ߽֡
⡭Ҫɡʲô
ʲôժȥ
ժӣ
˵ĵѽ֡ϹȻʵֻĻʱǳԲá
̤һصĲ֦Ҷһ̣ػض˽Ų߳ɣ
ֱƻʶӦһȾܣһ̣ݵ˫ټվƿڴ뵽˷ǰĲܽܵɴˣһʱԷڰ˴ʲô໰˳
ֻδţǰС
ԽԽ˵ԷĲȥܽʲôӢۣƨ磬ĻһĶƵشٳԴ֮ۻֱ࣬
øҲƵ췢йͿһֻصưȵļϡ

ֻǼصȥͻס죬һʱֱŵû겻壬һ
ֻȻϣȴǷԽԽܲסܲԶתͷ
Ȳǿϸſ鲼ֻ¶һ˫Ƶ۾
ҵү
زࡣܾһֱҪ¹ˡ
޳֮ȣ˳˵˼ҷ㣬㷴ˣȴ㲻á
ڣֻϵƣһֱһѸֹݽ˰ܼϵƤ֮Уֱ۵ɱҲƵؽ
ָ֮£ÿǽ죬ҼǽڣΪ֮顣
ɿ֣ܲҽһҲƵˡ
ڵý˽²ͣһֻʵǰһ̣ͣ˽Ų
ȴǰˡ
˫һҶ֦ȴް˴˵Ӿֻ۾һӴԽһ顣
ӿɶСˣΪµֿνֵرһȭ˵л
һ˫ʵ۾ڼתһתЩɵ˵ղż֣ˣһ㣬Ȼûв´ˣ
˹ģһ䣬˶ؿǰӣʾǿĵж֮ơ
΢΢һЦ
Ϣͨ޿ײ룬ܰѡǰ·꣬ɣδ㣿
˴һɲסһ̾Ϣ̧֣Ϻڽһ毺ÿ漴˳
ɲɣĸ
۾ڼתһת׵ôĶô⣬һ֪ң
ֱɺãֹһЦ˷ˣΪʲô
ô˵ţȴǻ̿״Ϊɣһ书˵ã֮ʱһ֣ãΪƮ¥ߵһΪҲ˳
Ϊ˶ԸԼŹǡЩͷһʱԳƽֳ겻Ǵеǰȴʹòǿ򶨡
Էɣһ˹ĵ΢΢Цţʾ߳Ůǰ¡
⻹Ҫô˵뿪Ʈ¥ˣ˼Ұּ⣬ҪץȥȻҪǣҲŲģ
ƣ
ţգһӣǸӣŹ١
عϵЦȴ͸ء˷ֻòŮӵĽ欣ʹģҲŮһϸ
΢΢һЦ˵Ź֣ʶ
ֱֱӹȥ⣬мôɵ֪ʣ˵ԡ
ͻȻһΪ̫үֶ֮ңɵ֪һ龰
֣˼渵Īʲôˣ
漴һЦӵʵɲأǰǸϲӦٰȫҲ֪Ϊʲô
νϲӦָ̫үһеѶϢӦš
Ʈһţڽ¼ֱ֪һЩνĹŹ֡ǸӴ֮֯̽£ֱΣƽֳ®ɽĿɡ
ô̫үηʥ
۾Ѵѯʡ
ȴ΢
Ǹϲ漫ߣƽҲҪ֣֪ʵ֣
֪ҡҡͷĲ֪ʵʵ˵
ֻ֪һ鱦ˣߡŲмǰǣʳ˳θǰһˣʳʮͷӣųӥȴǻ˸̫ү֣ҡ
ףһʱ޽ãʵһ㣬Ҳɵˣ̫үε壬ĵ˵֤ԴڳŹٲһΪѺԴ֮ƻϵһزƽȳǵǰ̲֮ݻ֮ˡ
ƫƫƮһ棬ȴʱ֣ҲȤǰɣǹĪ⣬಻ݵġ
Ҳ
ʵ棡ĿԷţʾֹɣ
˵ж㣬ȴҲԸԷʾ˵ʱѽס˳ѡѿȷˣڶԷδ֮ǰȻԳƵҲ࣬ԷɾƽޱȽʹ֮ش˾Ӳ䡣ڳһԼʾɣƹ顣ǣǳ֮ʩԷǳ֣˲£䱡֮Ҳ˵ˡ
һ䣬ǰɭɭ
ȴصЦˣһųüëúܣƮ¥һദӡȻֻǶ̶̼죬ҶȴϬ
ضȻһղԼ˿룬Ϊ֪
˵빥ҵҲһ䲻Ҳǣ
ؿһһʱô
ЦһЦʶˣӦ֪ĽǵĪ⣬ȴԵ˵ĸӦ˿ȻûƶĴʩʩҷ·Ѿ㽫Ҫ֣ȴֲġ
Ϊʲôﲻ۷ϾԼƮ¥µʶֻڷǳһ档ò֮Ī⣬ֻɣͷǱѰѾķڣɡ
ǰıĻղʩʼͶֹ˵Ȼδս֮ȣԼ·磬ȴǺã
˵Ϊղ֮ˣֳַʽҲǷ䡣
һЦ˵˵䣬ʱʹ־ܣҲиţ˽˴ƽʿҲ͸
۾Խ¶ڴϷĹŽϡ
һ䣬뵽ƽͬʶ˳ޱȳޡ
ֻһˣƮ㶼Լĳˡ
ɺƳһĸоȷ΢֮
бӣһأɣǲʤùң
˵Цݣ˸оţôЦ̳һŮ˵ϣˣɣȴǸˡ
ûкúõıȹ
һ˵ʱ漴󳤽һ⣬ڵǰȻʹüϳǵ¼ԼʱõǿıСȻڱˡ
ؽз档
ɽѹס
˫Ŀӡȴһķ磬Զǰ£ǰתǵõҶˢˢ졣
һƬԵóİ
΢΢һЦ˵ӽɣ
ԵݳĳһǻֱȡǰҪ
ˣȴԻ֮ɵݳĽƣɭɭֱ˷ʱ˿ֻ̣ҪκһӦĽƣһΪ֮ơ
֣֪ϤһЩ·ֻǰһʽ֣ȴȻѰȷʵһ
ƺҲֻʵһƴڽһĻж˸ĽۣѼӴһ飬ȴֳ˸ߵ֮ơ
صĽӸߣֱüġ
ɽӵͣ¸
һͣһĺݡ
ȴ֪ôһ˫˫ƫˣȴǼ磬ƫ档
ҲƵ죬ʾ˫Ƚ棬һԲĻȣ˫˫˽ƣһչһغϵĽ֡
ɳֱȡԷ󱳡
طӭܿĽ档һ͵ϮǰҲ෽ʩΪƬ꣬ĽߴѨչ֮С
һγ֣ʾɵĹ
һݣȴҲ׳־һбƣԷʵһӡתĵԾǷǽˣʹҲδ
һ֮£ŵ˸䣬ɲסһģֻżһ溮̹ǣֻΪԷ̡
ȴյ˼㡣
Ž΢΢һƫĴΪѹ֮䣬ӰѰߡ
һ䣬Ʈ⡣
һ˿ţʾϣˣ
غһЩԷţ벻ԷȡʤصĶ֮䣬ȻԼһ棬顣
ȴΪΣһ䣬ɣȴǳٳٲ 







 

  
ʮŻءȴɺ÷ 

ǰѹסô˵˭㣿һĨػ֮飬Ϊϣ˭뵽˲Ϣ֮ǰ˫Աл֮սһȴȻ΢ı仯
һЦαضʣָ롣
ֻһ˫쳣ʵ۾ƵƵڶԷתţʱս־ֻΪһ˼ɵԷϵˣ˲ϢѴ˸ɾ
ǽҲ޹ػϧ͸˫峺۾Է˹ȥ
һУΪӡԽӽԴֱȻϤ˶Էûٳ֮󣬲Żĳ
Ϊʲô;ͣס֮УΪҰˣĲн̡ŽԿ
峺۾˲Ҳ˲ضȴһ⡣˭أüëһ£ˡȻǸ̫үūš
䣬Իվͬһսߣͬˡ
ؿ޿κε̾Ϣһһʡ
ɲƺȻ΢΢һЦҶ㽣飬ϵˡһȫˣپһʤҲ
һ˵漴ѳڡ
صͷ˵һΪͷȥ
˼عȴӰվԭвСɣӦǸӲʩչ
֮̽£΢΢Ц̤һҶǰмһ֪
ʲô£
ǹھŹٵ䡭
仰ʹüضʱΪ֮һ
ô˵һȤƺԥ˾ðɣǲһ£¹˭֣þŹע˭ȵ֣
غһ˵˼ǣƮҲԹȾָ
һֱûзŹǣ˵ֻǾŹһˣ۱ˣԼеˣǶȤ
ôһ˵ﷴΪͣȴΪ̫үĵƼΪԼ֪ϤŹУշת뾩·һƮ;ٳαת
ȻҰĲ֮Խٳһң޷ЮһµİĶѣȴǿԶԣŹ֮Уȴ֮ա
̫үʵΪΣǷеùƮ֮;ЩȴԼңȴֺηԷһӮ
Ц˵ʵֻҸ֮һעѣڱ˿ɾͲͬˣס㱾˶ǼܻĶѰ˭ҲҲһӦ
صͷлңʱȻ
һЦ˵ֹʱһ˶ѣƮƣиֻûмˡ
΢΢һһ˵ӰӣԺࡣ
λƮ֮һĽҶ񻹲ڰжԼӺȴǲɲ
ؾɱھŹ˭ϱͷĸʤӮ
΢ЦԸˣ
صͷðɣҽսǡ
˵꣬ת뿪
һȡɻס㻹֪ǵĶעʲô
ʲô
տտĿֱĿȴִˣܼ򵥣ҪĸԸ־ܣͬһתƮ¥
һ㶣ګګ˵Ҫأ
͸ˣЦ̲ʧصҪˣԺὣһǰ
⡭ֺαأ˵ע̫󡭡Ҳ̫ˡ
㺦ˣ
˵֮䣬Թֺأ
һЦ˵˼һӮˣ̫ţҲġ
Цˣ֮£ʹ˵ԶøΪ£ˡԹͬ
˵꣬ͷҲصתȥ
ֻӰţֱȫʧ֮⣬طһ̾Ϣʵ˵Ҳ֪ΪʲôȴײԷӡϵһӰ
ڸܳ粻Է๲أɺὣĽǰ֡µһ
طػ¥ǰʱ֡
ŹټΪԷ°Լ˶̫ү˵ӦȫȤĿǰɣزź޹˼ɵطءӻһֵͷͲöԷŲԼһɴɶԷϣ֪̽䡣
ԣǵҪرܣҡ
Ƴ֮ʱһϮ£ҡֽȣɳɻĺͤڡ
壬˶
ȴŮֻңݺһ߸裬һ˿ڵʱС
ƽ
ȥ¥ϣ
һ̲˹ܣ


ƣ¶ˡ
ƾ𸡡̼ǵҹ˿̣ڴͬ͹һϦ֮䣬Է룬ȴ֪ϵδΣΣôһ룬ֱձ
ʹ֪ϤǸ̫үʵ֡ųӥ
ֶ˵ȫӡֻǵʳʮȴдš
˼Ⱦʮ֮ףȻ֮
ʵϻʳʮ༴ʮȨ棬Ҳ֪޹ֺ𵱽֮಻òݡ
ؼһ㣬׽˼άȴֻھųӥϴתǶԷһ£ⱦǰ˵֣ǵСһƱ仯ͻȻȴ߷ӥ֮ƣ˷ʤȴ⣬ںһɽ֮ơһɢ˼зϡ
һ˻ƾºֻ˵ƣͷΪԷֱ֮ʹʱؿһ˫۾
˫۾Ҳš
ָᲦµ鴮ʵԭںڰ֮Уֻǲ֪ôȴΪķ֡
ͻȻķ֣ʹѵڼʵľƣ;סһƣȫ»΢Լ֮⣬ƲΪκơ
漴ע⵽˫е۾ȻΪ֮ʧ
ȻһΪССǼžУȴҵ֮
Ʒλĺþȣ˶֪˻ƾҪ˺ȲŹζʹʢʱҲ
߽֮ˣȴҲ֪ɺ˻ߣҲζȵĻƾƣһϣرϸģֱܲ
ȴǰһ˫עӵ۾Ȼʹϸǣһƣ֪֮£ĵĸˮ
ĳ֮£ƺ졣Ƴһ漴ҡһѲ丵εĿþƺƲʤӣλȴŽһķչ
ŻɫӵľƱ̣һֻʩʩȻǰ
Ҫô
صͷ˵þƣ¶ԺƲʤˡһЩϸСĶʱĲɡ磬һʮַĶ̵ס
¶ȴߣ֮ȣѲڱ𴦣һʹ٣̫ү˵ʵĪ裬νѵʹκ¶ĴϸҲҵġ
һΣƸ£ʵȴɾҸ϶֪һСƺû˵ע⡣
ŮתǾͤȴҲ٣оƲȭȴҲⲻ˵ġ˷һֱͣʹ˷װζܡ
δ˽ǰǰ;ƵǸƱ
ʱһžƲˣһƵƵϹΣȴǲ
һŻ߹һ
͸Ҹ¿϶ؿ˵°ӣһ秳Ӻɫǲɫӵ˫ѥ˹ĽĴ硣
װ磬ʹؼʱλ˷ݵһŰֻۣ˺òʱԼ˫һأʾõسƺһ๫Գţ˷
ʱ˫֣ߵ˼ߣ˼ͷϸϿѡȻֱˣСŵֵþԣƺȵùģһҲʣ
ԱһС˵ôţ̧ȥأǾ͡
˵ţ˻û
һʲôأ
Сעţһжһ˵仰Űֲˡ
ظɴһſϣƱȽϸܳ־á
һֹز쿴һ£ϰһ£޷ӦźٺЦˣˣһιˡ
˵֮䣬Ų죬߹ˡ
˵ˣһУƲŰŪˡ
ˣһְ˼صӣȴһ˫ӰգĿֱֹⷢˣֱ²ʡ
ˣһͺӣһ̷ü˫Ŀס
Ǹų£һ˹Ĵ磬Լķ糾ϢȴҲԲ֪һ˼ҡǺߣǸ̷üĺӣһĿ֮Уɲסһճ˻ңҲϵ
̫깫ұƽ
ڴϣֿ򣬰Լ׷ˮдڣ벻ˡ
ȻľʹüΪ֮ͷһ𣬵ʱһֳ嶯޲ʱַ֣¶Է
ֻôһȻʧȴ˴˷Եı⣬ʱ͵ĺá
һ֮䣬ԴԷֵı⡣ֻǶԷȺȴҪӱСģɲ
סؼͷǸͺӣƫ̫깫ұƽǣ
ұƽһ˵û
ͺһЦ˵˵úôҲˣƾͷˡ
һԵһڵС˾Ĳһɺҩǡ
Ҹģ
ұƽ˻ͷ˵ˣֻϻҲ˯죬ˣ˿ʮСģ
仰ʱʹüһȻϹӼҪѳ֣һת̷Ӧڵ
ԭʱӸϰڹѾ֮ܣԤһ֮£ǼַһѨַη
ǹұƽǾʮСĵĻʹоԷĿ֣ܳȻһ֮鲼ȫ
ⷬʩɡұƽѸж΢ָ̽๣һڼϼ羮־áѨһ¡
ͺӺٺһЦһɣرֵ
ذһգ
һȼ֮˷Ūٳ棬˶Է
ұƽʩչôһ֣Կģ޿־塣һЦͺˣ˳ҲǷɲˣþ
Ц˵죬죬Ʋ̺򣬸λүع
һס˼ǴһٲҪƲһ
Ʋ˾Ͱڼطͬһϡ
㣬Զ˼ά£˷ֱۣһЩǡ
ģ⣬һ䶼˼صĶ䡣
¶ǣұƽٺЦӣӸܵɶˣǸϼһӣ۾ǿ۾ҲţǴģ
ͺͷӺһ˼ҵͷûүˣֺαظ
Ȼ̸ҷҪץռģǸӵҪ̫겻ǲݰ
ĩԲڵ̫үûУߵķӣ˼أ
ұƽһЦ˵˰ɣѽҿǲˣ
⡭ګګ˵˼ҡķǮûѽ
ͺͷӹһЦŰɣһҲٲģ
ǡ漴ٿˡ
ұƽЦ˵ǴģүҲôͽ˵䲻ģȶ
ȡͺͷӿһֵܣȶˣɣЦһ⻹ŵ˫ݣٺ١ƽͦģôͿأ
˫ݣݸʲô
ͺͷӺȻһЦƿվ˵ˣҲˣ첻ˣ·ֺڣŸȶ¡
ұƽҲͲٶ˵ߺһˣֻƴǣҲǮҲˡ
ˮҡҡ
˯ˡŻ֣˶Էٻֻ̫꣬ǼҲЩеɶԷ⿪
Ȼܸ̫үĻȣֱᲢۡխСĴ಻ֻʮˣôһز࣬һӣССռˡ
Gˣʱ
һڵֶࡣ
˯ȲܴܶˡƽضԵʱײ˼һõһȴòʩչԶԸϵӡ
취ȻЧȴǺ̫ࡣ
ƺǰѵ˳ʱ̣ȴڴ
өʱʱ𣬲ֻһյֽ֮΢ҲֻԿԱ
ؼֱֱɣҲݻᱻǷ
⣡ұƽͺͷ˵㿴ǸϼһǰʲôģҪã
˵ˣͺͷ˵أ
ұƽһӸӣǹܲˣֻǸСӺӣܲˣӵģǸүƾʲôҪģƼûУ綼еܲ
ĸ
漴֡
ͺһЦ˵ͶˣҲ˲ǣƾͣɾͲͬˣүһҲٲҪǶϣɾӺˣֺαأ
ôһ˵˵֣Ҳͺ֮ˡ
ұƽǺЦǵصһ֣ƽ˳ܣһӣԭҲ⣬Ǵѽ
˶ЦˣһŻŲ衣
ˣұƽʵղ˵үǸϼһʲô˫ݡʲô˼
㻹˵㵱үķƾү֣ȥͽձǸͷ
ձģ̫үˡȷĳƺӦǾųӥǸգԴ˲²⣬̫үˣˣӦ
ұƽûпһ㣬һʱ벻ס
ͺⲻ곤꣬һ˫Ӳǲա
˵׵ɣһΪɫһͼƣô£˭Ҳʡ͵ĵƣ
Ϊɫұƽסˣѵү˾šǸС椣
ǻ˵
ұƽƺȻ׹ǡǸСҪ
ү
ʲôﵽ˭ң
ұƽͷԽԽԭô¡ձĲǴѵͲ
ⲻ˵һͼ𣡡ͺ˵ǮʹĥΪձʹСˣϹ񣡡
Ͷˣͷͷһͷζʮ㡣
һһ룬̻ⷬûаܡ
Ц˵ӣͷۺܸߣүеۣɱļۣô˵˼Ǹ֣ǰ˵ǸʮǧӾʹˣ
һҲ˵ѽǰһδ󷢴ѷöˣ
⡭ֱЦ˭һ쵽ֻ֪𣬷źúõﲻɡʲôãү˼ˣͺܰҧ񣿡
Խ˵Խ񻰣һڼϿұƽĴһϣӦǻ
ұƽһӣһЦѣֲأӡܱǱߣѾ˶ץˣձСӲҪôһ֣һ£֣ԭСǴ⣿ǸҲһģ
ֱ֪ĸӸģŰ׻ӣһ˺ɰһҲմţ
Խ˵Խұƽһվ޲̫үƴ
Уӣȥѻ˵ˣΪʲôΪʲôƾʲôһ˳⣬ҲǺȣ
˵˰ɣ㻹ϢϢɡ
ұƽӣУһ̧ͷʱɵסˡ
һŵǸˡأվˡ
һ֮£ұƽɲסųһ亹
⣬Ƴ˲ԣһʱҲסˡ
áŹұƽһַ߳ɴϵһȲ裬Ų룬һֱż˹ȴڼعӰӵһʽ˸ա
һˮֱɲձڣžˤ˸Ƭɡ
һӰεһ˽ࡣ
ұƽХһʩչУٿһֱԷϻȥȴǼصһֻƣҲһͬʱݳȣӭһ顣
ŴһұƽغԿ˵˸֣ꡭ
һŭѪԿ˳
Ѳ飬һƹھۣȫϵȻδһ֮УȴԷһӴĵࡣ
̫깫ұƽһ˵ͦˣǽ˼Уõù
Ʒɲסͨ
ͺһ֮£ǰô£˽Ԫ˳ͺӥ
ĳͺ̫꣬Ϊ̫֮һһ֮䣬׿ԽΪȴҲа֮䣬ƽز޴
ǰһĿżص䣬˸ɢ̽ʵһʮ޹ҲƵĶ˳
ĲȻУʮޣ˸ֱǰĽŲֱü֮üһѨֲν죬зνݡ
ЦһһټתҲƵƵҲࡣ
ͺ̫߳򣡡ޣеز˹
һ졣
صһ˫ָӭıֻƾһ֮ھۣԽԷһرƵصһߡ
ͺһʩȫವش˸磬Ծͷ
ȴݲ񣬴һֳӰε
ʩʼꡭ޶߳ѨԷ࣬ȴһץϡ
Ȼ˸һ˻
صһֻ֣ѰҼ·ǵ̫үԼһģһɢԷûмǰʵĹΪܣ㹻ڴϰˡ
ͨˮĽûӣһ·ļˮسظš 







 

  
ڶʮءСȮշӰ 

ϡ羵
廪ɽޱߡ
ָ֮ҹÿһأؾͷＴ˵ļ
Źʧѽʮˡ
ּʾ֤ഫ˵ìͷָ廪ɽ̫үЮͼ˿ΪƽۡĹͣӦû⣬Ҳˡ
˼룬Ӳѹһһ·̶£ҹ̽ˡ
ƽεƣһӹԣᾳ֮ʼѾ˳һɽȴֻһƬ̨ͤ¥лǵ㣬ӳߣҫ財
һʵʯףһ·תֱϣȴǧյƣʯʯޣЪ䣬һɽ׺ø׳ۡ
ȴִֵĽʿسһ·ϣΪǧ١
ʹؾĸʿҲ᷸档ɽ֮ǰҪϸϸʧ֮⡣
ǰɽɣɽ
Ҳһ
ʱʣӪפȥֻһߺȣӲʲôͷ
˸򣬸ʵǡ
һɭɭ
ȻƵȾ䣬ȴ˵ˣѡ
ǵȾ޷ڡ
ҹصشһ׺ɫ£ǰΪ̫үеˣյȫԪһֻȫǾޡ
ңϤϤ
һխխʯףֱϣʱӰ֮䡣ɽһ䲻ʧľдУȴƻ䡣է֮£һǳƺȴǱ̬
ֻǣһ۲죬ԵͬǺһɽƻʵǲʯפԺƽۡȫ׾ʿ
£⵱ǰƣԽĻҴ⡣˼Уǰƹζ߳ϲͣŸӣһֻӣһִֻŸһ·ǣȻƺȶˡ
£ӰΪ֡
ϲһ·ȴʧɽ£һߣҲţţ⣬Ǹϧ
Ҳ֪һһӲ£רΪɰţͰˡ
һɤӴţϲܣϲܡ
ǰеͷſعӣɶ¶
ͷŹ¼Ҫ
ϲܺһعȴţӸӣҪҪԻλһ·ȥˡ
Ǳ˴˴𻰵ĵʩչһĸ䣬ѽǰ
ʱ˵ǸɤӵˣǸߴӣΧΧȹǳһ
ƽ˿ڶ࣬үԴΣڿѵǸʳĳӣʮ֮࣬ϵʦӡĸ䣬ɾʹǿɹۡ¯ҹЪӦӣӦūš
ǰŹ¼һԸӦ㣬רһҹУʱҹĪֺɰϲܣﲻɲˡ
ѹʱ̣Ȼʮ֣߰˸̨¯Ϩųಲĺӣ˫ɣްڶ⡣
潻ʮͷҹġڶ⽣ǣɳ
ݶ֪˳ǸǳԵġ
ˣһʽб⡢˫ࡢ»˿л⡣
Ժ˱԰¨ӽˡС׾ͽˣֱճרʳٳԲᡣ
ԭɶˣٳһù򣬴˵λүһ־ò׵ϰߣÿҹʱһҪһӹ򣬰ᶯʮʯһٴΣʯǿһٴΣһ٣Ծޡ
һԽ㷿ᣬ̤ۡԺ
ǰһƬԺӣ֪ӡ
һʽ߹ţסǰȥƣڹ࣬СĶľһ·ѣγһ⣬һ˵ȣǲ롣
ȴǾ岻
ƽۡ˴ɣᳵ·էȻȥ
ҪΪ̽ŹٵʵȤ̫үˣȴҪϸٴĵǻԵʵּ
㣬ȴºӣŵһ߲߳æ¡
ˣһɫͷ˹ɳɫ̺ӡһ֣Ѳҹʽ
¼ģΩÿУΪվᡣ
һ·˵лĿֻǵ䷽֮ȴҪɷǣ԰˳ͻһ
˭
֮һεѱط֣Ҹ£˫һԵ
һ˵ƷԳһ룬ֻżһ飬Ϊһֻץ˸ʵ
漴ڵԵ˶Էϡ
㡭˭ʲô
ڵ漴Ĳϣֻŵͷֱȫսѡ
ʵֱ˵ҪȻܽͷأ
ڣƼпڣѾнĲֻһڵ
ҽѵϱѨһ䰵ưѵϵһյ̤Ϩǰͣȵ˲òƲǰվ
ѵƴˣ
˻ȼڲϣ治㣬ϰľŪϨˡϨһƬɶҲǿڵĵӴڲϣӡֻ̡ƬսҪǼһֻץ
һĹʲôط
ġһĹá
и̫үˣ
˭ϡ̫ү
ڰУȴҲú仰ǲ顣
תһ룬̫үֻǱһƺƽĸֵۡõүĺ
˵Ůڶֻ࣬ѾӣÿոӦԷѲҹһʽŪ
ðɣֻ㣬ү
⡭һ˲ŵͷ˵ղڴϷ˵ɢˡɾͲ֪ˡ
⼸仰Ҳʵ
ðɣһЦǾ鷳һˣͷǰ·ҵȥɣ
һ߳һߣ
˼վסŵжԶ
Զš֡һֻǰָţƹ߰˲Ժŵ
غһ˵һ㣡漴˵ıڶԷϡ
˵ȣѴ˵˸
ش˵ҹòŲˣ˯ɣ
ʱͻѵжԷһѨ˺Ǹͬ飬һ̱漴²ѣ˯˹ȥ
ʩչṦǸѲʽʾһ·䣬ǰԺ
ȴһǸ˵Ȼ
ʱ˿̣ƻɺɢټֻӣʰβо֣˴໥Ц˵Щɵл
زȣһƬţùҶ๰ޣŶȶ࣬ҲΪ˷
ȴõƼʢ磬ܣԻݣһ·ػض̺֮ߵͼ죬׺յͬ״ĸʽƣĴᡴᣣ߸û֮¡
зʢӵķһûеѣƫĵܯأԸ̨֮ĿٷϹѣ˿ɪӦоУӣ֮࣬͢к֣޼
ڴ˽Ӽ°ٹ٣䷢ּ졢һʢҹ裬ǧһ컷⣬һеһУ޷ֻΪһ˵Ȩɫ֮ѡ
ǿµУ٣һŭֻΪչ£־ʿ޲֮ԱǡκһѪԵˣӦˣظ⡣
ſţ鲻Խһּ޲ѰˣһȻɲеּɱ׳Ҵ£ǽƾһ֮˵Ѫ֮֮ΪĿȴçײá
˳͵ĴĹããһʱ治֪ȥӣǰһˮĥשĴֱֱͨǰһʯ¥֮£Ҷ裬ʱ΢磬ƮɢҡȴִԶԶվͷһεĹţڽڣȻһ硣
ԭΪѴ֮ɲ֪䣬ȴ֪һ빬ţ󺣣ҪѰ治ס
Ȼƾһ书ѴѣֻôһݾߣŹ֮δɾϣο߻иı㣬ճ˵̫үΪ֪Լͼһˣɾ˵ǡ
ԣϦҹãçײãʵӦΪȣ򲻵ѾƱ¶ãΪдһжϲ谭һнά֮Сһѩǰƶ
أһӰӰƮֱ߼һ䣬һļɽȥ
һܵһա
ȴһһӰӲ㣬ǰ֮ͻط
ÿΪԼṦ輫ѣĿ֮£ԸΪġ
ʣǰˣɳƵṦһ֣ˣ侪ˡ
ڼվطǶУڴǰһƵӳ䣬ɽǰ˿ʮڱ֮ʣΣȴǲΪԷ֡
ˣէּ̫죬һʱδ壬ˣƺ˼вصİ¶˿֮⣬է֣Ϊؿ˸һ
øߵĸӣ߸£ȴǴŽһɫֱ֣ڵƹӳ֮£йȴǰһƬ䣬¶°ɫĶӿţ״üΪ䣬ǵƣƵǸƯ
꿴ԼѮ£жڣһ˫ӣĿת֮䣬һʾڵҲĮϣԾ֮С
ЩʹעģȴǽڶԷб绨һɴӣ˵ˣԷϵ֡
ôլְƣǺ֮ˡ
ƺ϶ǸˣͲԷӣԵ쳣ĳţһģȴһ˫⻪ӣǰѲѡ
֮£ǸɽʯˣԽ¶һ
شӶҲΪһϮ֣漴߾ȡѱõ滢ͷϡ
һ˫Ŀ⣬ڸҲĮϣȻֳЦƣƲм
ɣүѾƼŸܲ˵ģ
ΪôһкʹüٿȻʱǸǸŮġ
һ˵ţȴһ˫տտĿ۾ɽʹüΪ֮һɲסΪŰйһ亹
һ仯ƹѲ֪йʯ
ʯȴҲ֪Լμ¶
޶żǣ˫㶼ѡһж
ǣȻżɽƽһ˲Ҳʯͬʱ
ˢˢ
Ӱнʵһ˫ӥ
ΪԾȴǣǸȻӣزѩɣΪӽʹú̸об֮Σ
ȻǸ˼ҡ
棬֫һɫװſڿ污ееӹӯ䣬Ȼֲ޶żȴҲӣȴƳڲϣǳÿ˦һϸߣƽȤ
ȻȤ֣ȴҪֱʱأǰ㳡ϣˡ
ȴӣʹüؼһڽòʱαǸֽ˼˼֪ϤƮµһ֮
Ī
˼֮䣬ȴѽűŮ͵Ϯ
㻹ôԹүɣ
˵ĵһ˫̾ƣֱŮϸ
ŮһȻҽţȴԽżֱԷüĵ
ӺٵһЦƱգָԷȥ
ַ䡢ݣȴᱡ
ŮͿһڶԷ࣬úһ͵һԺ󳤱ˢطöЮһ磬ֱĹ
ԭӣȻо
ǰһ֮ǿɹֻۣϧ󺺵ӻýһͷ˶Է״޵һƼ顣
ϵļֻˣ
ŶԷſгһתӭŶԷͷƷһ֧ųӶͷϴ
ʱ䣬սһš
裬ڶԷʩ֮£ʮ㣬ȴǱ仯ǧ
顢̡ɨ伫

ŲڡԾתת˲䣬ʮת
пŵļأԹ֮£ԿŮ˵һǹĪ⣬֮жԳӵĴݲȣƶۣȥԶĴˣоģҪȻϲᣬ֮Ȼδֳܷʤ
֡
ͿӺٵһЦֵһת֮ƣŮһ͵ĴӣԳ
˵һ֮ʹñŮһģȥŮһһͦ
ʱ֮䣬һ賶˸ֱ
˫ǿɾͽӽ˾
Ŀ˸ֽЦתתѰѶԷӰϣӲҪʹԷ˲ɡƾϲ⣬Ƿиĳ֣ȴǲ֪͸һ˫ӥӣԼϵһ˿ЦԶĿ
ŮǿɹۣǽĶ֣ǰ󺺣ȷ֮ڰмصĿ֮£֮ΪһУȡʤ
ŮԽͷϲɣԷԽǼӾأŮֲ֧ټƬ̣֮۾ʵѺ妡
ô䣿ӺٺЦþǿѾͷ֣㱦үǰԶأˣ͸ҴҶүѾͷɣ
ⱦүһض䣬סʹΪ֮Ȼһǰ˴ϣüϹӹұƽͺӥԪһ԰ʱ
ڼ֪ˡ
ǰӣԭƵĻ̣˳ƱүǸ޹ֺ¹˾ˡ
ӹʩ˳̵̧˵нıΣֻһ˫¶۾ȴǳǿֱҪѪӡ
ձġ֪㡭ҹô
ٺ١˵үḡصԼϵķݶүܿ㣿ٲҪһΣɲܹ⣡
ձġӹҧгݵصˡ
㡭ȴҲ硭
ôţŻҶүүһǻүصӣģɲŴģ
¼˰Ѿӹ¾ܲԸȻɲסǰ˰벽
롭ô
ôү˵Ѿ㣿
ձġӹͷ˵ҪǸҶһ¡Ӧ֪ӺˣĲ㡣
үĿ侫صү
Ʈ¥иŰɣ
仰ȻʹձΪ֮һ㶣ǽֳһĽЦ
£
ӹţһƮӦ֪ҹϸŵ
үٺЦѡ
̫ˡ˵ҪǸղ籨ţү飬Ҳأڿˣ˵ĹܵأҲܲ˼лŮ
㡭Ͳһȥ˵ȥ
ǿɵÿزصȥձɭɭЦţСɲڶү㻹Żȥ
һԴ𣬼ؿɶˡȻûв´ǰŮս𵶾ƵƮµǸ˼˼Ĺ
ǷžŹвޣ䲻ֽȡȴձɫϡ
Ա֣ôһձĸǷã½һɱ˼˼˷Σӣ
ȴ鼱֮䣬˳ȥ֣һƬԺ󱳣԰ѽϵ󱳵һе˳
֮£Ȼ˺ԷԭͲԷ֣һȻչԼ
ˢһѽڶԷϵһ裬նΪ
һΪ֮Ĺۡ
ǰй۲ļأΪ֮һû뵽Է鼱䣬Ȼһ֡
үϵдһ֣Ӵһ
ֽ˼˼ӵϷ̬֮ʹ֪ǰǰձĺ֮ǡȶϣԻһʽӥ̽צеۣһ֮ƣ͵ֱձĵ
үһ׳һƴ˸ת
˼˼ǰ㾢һƺȴǴ˸ա
ķһ米󳤷һƬˢУ󳤷ȫɢ˿һšˣеЮһɼ񼲷磬ֱձĵͷ
ˢ
үһãݳ֣һزϵĶϱ裬ҲƵķ˳ȥƫУӭ˼˼ӭͷµĵ档
һӣʱһ飬˸
үһʽ֣飬һ֣֮߳£һǻϷ裬ش͹ȥ
ֽ˼˼Уϵеֶವһֱɳ⣬仨ԡ
˱үٲ飬Цһһʽ㣬͵رǰϰطԷصȥ
бشһЦţ
ߡ
ү֮£һֹס˼Էĳ֣żͷһΣӰӰƮ߳߿⡣
ֽ˼˼γΪ֮һ
˫Ŀ֮£ԲŨܵѩ֮󣬻߳һ
Ȼϵһ滢ֻܿһ˫۾ʹһʱΪ֮Īǿߵķ緶ʹէȻ֮ʼ͸Ų
ү̾;ˣŨڵüëٿһ֣۾䡣
˭˵ĵһֻ֣Իջء״缦צָ⳯¡
غһؾүǰһ˵ıүˣһ֮
үͳطһЦձ˭
˵ʱ̤ǰһס˶Է·
һƬľɭɭҶ裬ʱҹʤأǳź˽ӽ
Աү֮ԸдǵѣǾк
ôһ㰵˼˼˼⡣һԹս°ѶԷ·˸ɣһǽһԷǻԵɣ飬Ա㼴ʱǰĸˡ
ձģֵ¼ߵͰɣαضʣ˵ĵٿһ֮⡣
һүΰӣһżһֻȭצ֣طšһƽˬֱץȥ
ȴǼصȼ֮ʹ˸գ˻һƣպǰŻ˹ȥȥǧһյ˼㡣
˶Էʵһŷšһơ
һƣֱϮү衣
үҲˡӥһֻӴһ顣
٣һ˫ķӥΪ֮˿
ز֪Է˾ˣȻԭֻһƣҲܲס
үҲһݻү⻹ǵһǿӲĶ֣Ƿȫһ˶Է˿Ϊ֮ˡһ½ʱ˸һɶ
֣ŶԷˣүһ䣬ɱǻ桭ڣէȻһ̽˵һһĹ˵ѵ
ȴһǹ޵࣬һڿָʽ޳
ע⵽ϴƵü侫ɵĿۻԷƤʵβνᣬȴƾɡͻȻķ֣ʹ̾ϳүõڱУһ޼᲻ݵ嵶
һڵɣʼɣ֣Ϊָᡪ
棬ƤʣӦǡ
޳嵶˿ڱүϣֻһƬ貣á
ּߣҪһɡ˵ʱү޳壬Ȼһף˴ض˸Ȼı飬ޱơ
ǲҴ⡣
ĿһԵ˼˼ɨһۣʱᣬš⡣
ֻܷʰһжأ
ȷǵ˼ǣƽԻһоǲѷɡ
˵˼˼Գд㣬ȴҵ̫áȻźȴǣҹͼŹһģǳˡ
ЩһԽǰձĲ׷Ź
ص֣ס˳ѣүһԷ
֮ӥ
ǰ֮ƣ嵶Ƶһ⣬йҶֱȡǰء
̣дĳֱ֣żصͷ䡭ڴһһߣֱ¡嵶ֵĵʱȻϸһ֮ƣ¶ƥҲƵ˳
ɰ׹⣬һļ
ȴۿӭһ֪ôһȴպ˿
׹һ
ѩһƬ
룬䲻ݷһһ˿
үһɿת֮ƣ嵶תһ⡪Χн
ͻذݵñү嵶һ˲¶йƬ⣬ͷ䡣
үһ֮£һת硣
ˣһƬ⣬Ȫ԰ѱү½ϴһƬ
żضνߣ˻˻ֱȡԷǰġ
үһ嵶ͻһҲԷϾ˹
һ˫ӭһ顣
һ֦֮ߡһһѲ˸
嵶ڱүʩ֮£ӲģһΪᣬ԰¶ס
̼һɾ󾢵͸Է͹ʱ䣬ֻֽ֣
ȻձޱѹʹϳĹʵȻ֮£ʹüس׹䡣
ǣ˲ã
ųһ֮󣬼ԴԴ͸Է嵶֮ϡ
ɾȻӴ֮£ֻһ˫һ󼲲Ĳүغһһſʹˡȴǲľʹ˷䣬ڶʩƵһκͶԷ˾ɲ֮䣬˵ʯͷ˰һҲֲ¡
ҹҶƮƮ
أǰһĽŲ֮ȻУ԰ѶԷһڽڳ֮ϵ嵶ѿ
үȻ˸£һģվδѣһѪ˳
ԭɳƳ֣Է֮¡
үȴҲ˶Էдһ֣˳ĽŲ͵һӥҲƵ̳⡣
򣡡һȳ£ַžһѶһѪɫĵ¡
һкľ
էչһƬȴڱɳ߰˿ϸСխҶɵ
űүƻӶһԱȣֱѭżء˼˼֮
һСģ
ôѰӭԼڷɵһԡ
ȴ֪ƹ졪֮һȥͷʱƤѣ˴һӡ
ͻȻľʹüΪ֮һ
һʱսʩչļڷɵϡ
һ˼˼ԣɿ貿λΪɵˣᣬȴʹ
һ֣о
߳Уƹ⣬ֱ
ԭз֮⣬·ɵ㣬⡣
ֽ˼˼߳һٶ
ȴһӰٿԲ෽䣬һ۵ͷǶͿֱ¡
˼˼һ㿪˶ԷӭͷĵƣŻɲһƣʩչֵֽ֮ʽָһǱ۵һжԷҪѨ
һƹ˴һͻصϣһʱ°ĭ²ʡ
ȴ⣬һ˫ѩ͵Ϯֱ˼˼
ƹ˸߳䣡
һżʸֱǰ
˼˼ȴܶ߼˫յ˼㡣
شȥһĿüˣ߳һַһ˫顣
һʩչһּھˣ͡Ȼֲκεݳһ˫ʽϣǲžžΪһ˫裬ֱǽҪʱز
˼˼ܽһʱ֮Σšವڴһǡ
ֻƫƫ˷
һıүʱδԶȥ
ҪǿԣǷŲ룬ǷضȡУ֮£ˣѪ˵һѪȴҲ˲ᣬòʱס˹Ϣ
һĿ˼˼ӣвޣһִ޼ӡ
һöּ
үĻն񣬰֣һԡ
˼˼ûϵӻûվȵһΪһöкΡ
Ҷүˣƾչֻöȡ
˼˼ʹһǰˣöɲɣһžƬߡ
㣬ȴҲʹ亹죬·ιǶˣȫ¸һ˿Ҳ᲻һµɷ׹

Ǽв̡һƬƲʰƮżټش
ӭ˼˼µӣһץ˸ʵ߳ߣ
䣬ɿ⡣
ҹĻ
ؼ˼˼ֱٻԺǽ
һ˲
ƹ˹ֵٵͿ
Բǿ¶۽ᣬָ컮ɺ絹
ֵʿƷֱԷǸʲô඼δ壬ΪŭĽУ˫˫ҽһ׹ǽͷ֮¡
˴߳ż
ȴڼʸδǰһ˲䣬Ю˼˼𣬾ʹһ·ݣٿٿ䣬㣬ųҹɫ֮䡣 







 

  
ڶʮһءڻǣϵ 

¾ˮˮӳǡ
һƬŵǰĴ
һԷһġ˼˼أͷһ˯ģ
⸱̬ڼһʱ֮ȥ
һѣʹҹҲܾڣ֦࣬͵ˮ棬ż΢磬ҡҷ𵭵ɴһƬ룬ȴǲƹһ̲죬͸
ڲݵϡ
˼˼һ۾΢صǡ˭ΪʲôҪȡң
ֻ²ʡ˵޷
ȱ˭
˵ʱصذѹˣϳԼ˭ԭ˫Ƶж֡
˼˼һüͷ޿κεһګګ˵󡭡桭
ǲλΪѪȾ͸ɫ￴һ£ʪȾ֣һʱȴҲ֪Ǻá
ȴԷŮʮ־ǿ
Ѫ
š˵˵òᣡ
˼˼һЦ˵Ҫ
˵ʱһ£ǲ㣬εصͺװɣƿʲôûУ
һ˵౪Ƥȡǧתݹȥ
سһ£ӹӭһΣˣ˸ſˡ
˵òᣬ¹ɣȫΪѪȾһɫĿӴضȾˡ
غһָֿһ˴ѨѪֹ
ӺڿдţǧΪƮƣƼǿܳ־ãһѰʩõģΪͬ
ǰ⣬ϸ֮£ȷ֪ںķβѨϣƫβ׵ǽڡ
գΪ֮ҵһзϣⱲӾͱٶˡ
˼˼һô£
ݲ漴ʩչ̹ĽԷ˴һʩһһһͻһѰѶԷڵö˳
Űӿ˴ƬѪ
˼˼һֱ۵ӴȴץһССҩƿֵصСҩ
漴ʩչַΪֹסѪѽӹҩΪԸһЩ޻Ѹٰ׵
һѸ١䣬ҲӦ֡
Ϩǧ𣬼زߣźˮѪϴ˸ɾ
ٻʱ˼˼ȻѴɡ
һʯԲһ˫۾żֱֱسš̬֮䣬Ȼڼ˴Ǵɡ
㡭˭أȴһ̾ΣⷬмΪʲôָңǣϵ滢ҿסˣҲ͹ˡ
һЦ˵ǵأֻҪ֪˭͹ˡ
˼˼գһ۾ֵʵѵ֪˭ԭȻϵŽһӴУһȻɡ
ղԼ˵㱳ĿɽǶƮ¥ô㵱ȻƮһˡ
˼˼˵ƮǸӴˣ֪˭أ
һЦųɫŮȴֻʮˣ˳ƵʮΡ
ûϴʮ֮һֽ˼˼ѵǣ
˼˼΢΢һ£ǳǳһЦ
ȻѾҲٲˡ漴Ͻֳ˱Ŀ
ϳȻһЩҲ֡
˵£ƽҪǿǰʧ˼˵ֵʣҹֳ˴ˣǴֻǡ
˼˼ȻΪ֮һվ˵㵽˭֮⣬˵ʵɾͶΪ档ֻͬŹͬʱٱ֣֮ȴ֪ˮݣҲѲ³Էʵ֡˵仰һʱֱֱֻţƶ
ˮһ졣
һŮ˵ԺϴĲ֪˭ô֪
䣬һҶۣԺ«έݴ̲״ĵףһŮ
ҲͬվŹװ·ŮͷϴһңñȦ洹еɴҹɫܿ塣
ŮȻ֣˼˼ɲסһԾȴ˻ֹһ
Ӱ˸ȴһֳˣ٣һӲ㣬˫˫ѳǰҸһȴѼء˼˼ңңס
ۣѱǰ
ɫһŮ𣬷ݣ˵档
˼˼һŲʯվ
ȴܴ䲻
һݵͷתʱ
﷽ţԷŮӵĲ֪˭ô
㡭˭
˼˼汻ŪͿˣǰսỹûн⿪ˡ
ӺˣȻŮˣȴǴǺ롣
ŮһЦ˵һ֪˭ˣΪ⿪ǰսɣ㲻Ҫ֪˭ô
˵ʱһ˫Ŀ͸Ŀǰɴתأ漴һЦɺã
ʱá΢٣ת棬ʯĿһɨͬһ˫Ů඼չ֮С
ԷʱôŮһ˫ˡ
벻ȻȻǡ
ͻȻķ֣ǣԭʱһ򣬴ѰԼǷܵеùȴǴʣοԵĴһԼӲǵˡ
һ뵽òףѾĻŵƮ¥ӳȻǰȴԷһ飬ǴӺ˵
ôŮЦһ˫֣ѰѴҵһɴϡ
ȻֻɫȴҲܰúرԾеʣʹüէȻһ֮£ϳʱ
Ȼʱ
Ʈλߣۼ֣һ֮£࣬һ֮˳ɲ
̹ٲȻǼµһС
ֻ书ˣµĻŮĴǣ˫۾ת֮䣬ܿԷ룬ʤµġ
һˣضʱĴ澯裬صޣϴһĵΪ֮ܡ
˵ˣȴҲʾ
һţֳֶԲߣڳ¶չһ漰Եԣˣʹȡʤƹ
˼֮䣬һ˫۾ȴת฽˱ҪĹ۲졣
ʱһϸüëݸЦС̣λῴ
ԶҲǣʹߣҲȥ硭ǲǣ
䣬һ˫ˮͫӣһֽ˼˼
էȻ֪Ϥʱʵ֣Ŀ϶֮ŵɫұ䡣
ǰʱĿ֮£ּܱĬ̲סǰһ˸˵μҡ
˭
ҡ˼˼
˼˼
һ䣬ʱȾ˪ԭʧúܰ
²ҡ
˵ĵƲ֧һģһš
˵Ʈ漫ϣӷ£ֻɹʧܣʲôŷ²ʵбֻ·һ
ֽ˼˼δأȴҲɴСǰʱ۴һߣֻƾʱ֮һԣܲʹΪ֮սľ
ˣʱֳĿɫ΢˵һúܣܣôҷɻְȻȥ̳÷䣬ȥɣ
˼˼֮£ͷһ̧ͷʱţ۾ӯӯҪ˵Щʲô
ʱȴǵżصڳ㷢ȴҲ硣
ʲôҪ˵ˣԸȥɣЦ̲ʧȴ䡣
ƮһԾŶ˼˼вȴҲֱԶײ
֮£ֻʱӦһ˸תżؿЦһ£ԭ˵ϼмĻ˹պ֤֮һʲôҲٶ˵漴תȥ
ʱٴתĿأ̬Уղ˼˼ʱֱͬնһˡ
ּˡ֡
ȻǸ˳ƺһٯϣڶޱá
˵ʱƣǰ
Īν֮١ؿ˿Ҳҵġ
ǰĽŲһȻǱʯ
ʱֻûƼ
¹֮£ķɼ
ҴƮ㣬ллԱµչˣղƽȻû侳ȴǿ֪ʱΣȻһռս
ͣһ£Цӵȴ̫Զϣֻڱ˲⡭ƮһԹǵĶݣǵģ
һЦ̫ˣֻǻлβһ˵أ
ʱһͷӵȥҳ϶ʶò㵽Ʈ¥סڰԺҲŽоĹ֮ҲòϣһС
УһЦ˵ΪʲôҪҿһˣ
ԭܶ࣡ʱ˵ȻҾͲɡ
һ˵һʼ͸ԣôԣҲͲض˵ˣԼ
صȻףԷָǶ۵Ԯ֣ºʣǼص;֣˿̵ʵۣѱЮסƮ¥ΪİҵµĹߡ
΢΢һЦҲͲ硣
ʱ΢ЦΪ裬˵һҲͲض˵ˣǱнƮ㣬Ʈ¥̳ˣûܹ뿪ƫƫ⣬أ
غһ˼ǣһסǵƮ¥ֻ·һˣ
Ҳһʱ˵Ҫסȥˣǲȡһʲô̬ˣ
Ц˳߻ǲǣ
ʱһЦ
˵ôȻЦ˵һҪô˵Ҳûʲôԡ
һЦҵ״ֹЩ
ʱ΢΢һͷһ̾˵ò֪Ϊʲô
Ц̲ʧȴ͸һĸоᵽֵļɱ
ʱ˵ҸղѾ˵ûһˣܹ뿪Ʈ¥ܵ뿪ġֱҲû˵
һЦĿ侫㲻Ӧ˵û˵ˡ
ʱ΢΢Цˣۼһֳֳء
˵΢ƶɼҲͬһΪƽҲδйܴ裬һֲƵļ
زһ͸ССĹ۲죬Ȼ˽⵽һ£ǾǶԷ֮΢飬ƺѳ֮һϵ
Ҳ˵ʱܿµİ²ôصΪЧ
֮ôһ꣬Ǹ΢˭˵ǲأ
ͻȻľʹüظϸԷ۲졪һӶ϶ʾĿ֮ļɱȷҪʮСע⡣
ʱ˵Բ裬ûý˵ֻ
˵ԭȹʾɡݣһαװΪУϵ΢ЦҲƼǣǿ
Ѿ˫ıؽһսʱһ鷽ͻȻ֣Ϊջ
νΪϣΪ¡֮ǰĸ񶷣ͬ
ô˵ɾʹˣԽ˹˵ܵ£Ҳһܡ
˵ʩˡƽؽԴΨҶ𣬿ƾ书Ȩƣκͬȴκβֻһ˵ܣͨ
ʱҡҡͷ˵ô˵˿ɲʥַġ
˭ַܿأ
˵仰س˳¶ЦһѾµģ㲻ʵ£ڵգִϽԼ޹ĸף׵ضҲӦ˽˵ĸΣˣ˽⵽δһ£Ǻεȵ޴ʴˣνɣ
˵⼸仰һʱὣԽ貣Ⱦɭɭ
뵽˴ƽĸһǲ뱯һγֽǰƲǰʴȣǷܱסɾʹʡһ䣬˱޳ޣǰʱҲ֮
ʱ΢΢һЦ˵ЩҲͲض˵ˣʵĸӵһѲ˸ϵӦҡ˵һ̾ϢҲˡں棡
˭ҪЩ̧֣ͷϵ滢ֳĿʱаɣ
ðɣʱȻһЦУһϸխ
֪Ľܸߣ˵Ҳ֪ܶǽҹ˵ȴǲġ
˵ĵһ˫ã԰ǰһ
ظоƣž˫γɵǯιơ
һʱȡʤټ˫ãȻԼγɸĲ
һ־֣ѲȥЩĿ⣬һ˲֮󣬽ʱҲƶ
˼ףһϰɣ
΢񣬽Ϲ⻪財ϱ飬硪ⷬʱɲסһȷǲҴ⡣
գг񣺡ɷģֻǷֳ䣬Ըţӣǲ׶ðģ
غһüƺǶԷһӼŭ
أӴԶԷǵһĨ΢ЦȻ赽Է΢ϸ
Ҫ֪֮Уȫ򶨣ԷȻмڴˣУ֮䣬ԼΪˡһ֮æ
һʱԷơ
һƬ׹⣬ףʱɵǰ֮ƣֱ
سͻһ㼴աǧ֮ƣ˶Էơ
ҹɫһǡ
ʱٿջ˳һ޶
˫˼ıϣۣӰ۾׽һ˫Ѹ˫Ϭȴкһ㣬ڿֱԶ֮£໥
ȴյ˼㡣
һ˫չķӥֿ
Ƶǿʹ˫µĲֹ
ɳֱ⡣
ʱһʽתӥ֮ŭ̡
֮죬üޡ
ȴһֹԢ֮䡣崣жۡ
ǿֱзɳʯ֮ơ
ȻȻ˵һغϡ
ʱЦ̣ͷȻûп㽣ǿɹۣ֮Ĵƽͣй֮
仰ʹüһֱд֮ʹ˶Էġ
ʱĹսѾˡĻɣ
Ĳˣʱչü欵صǾͻģ̸̸ŹΣ
΢΢һЦȡƶԷ棬ȴ·ȪͻУҲһ档
ʱĿ΢תԽ㳬ݣܾϡ
ֻŶԷ΢΢ЦȴʹüһʱĴԥѶȡᡣ
ȻŭӣֻһϵشʧΪԷˣʱƣνĻթ
ԭϳ˽šν˳ν沼ǣ沼棬˳ǣһ֮ʱλȻȲʤȯ֮ΪԮԱ̫֣и֣·һ
ǰʱνˣִ磬νǸи֣ȴǲɲⷬǣʹüؾþò
ȴʱһ̾벻Ź٣һ֮ˣ֪Ϊ跹˼Ѿ첻ʳٲܾοɾͲ
һЦעĿӣֻʱЦ̣ޣȴż⼸仰ΪˣǱоġ
ǰӰһʱԾǰΪǸ˵˵Ŀģ
򣬲ԷδվٿһתһȻ׹ʩʩת
Բʵں֪Ź֮λѵĸ顭΢΢Цһ£˵֪ǣôػģԼ˽
һЦ㿴أ
ʱһ洫Ժܶ࣬õϢ˵ѹԡӣͬͬʳͬޣҡ
һֱߣǳǳЦеҾͲ˵ˡ
زصǲǹԡӣдһ۲죬֮⣬˵һףʲôͬͬӡ¶٣ôش𣬲֪Σ
ʱһЦ˵ֹ֣ʲô£
ͷԭԼҲ֪Ȿǲʲôµģ
ʱ֮ѩ벻Ҳʧ֮ʱǰԼ˵ĻһԶԡ
Ȼر£޷־ڹģʹԷңȴǺˣԼǰˣȫȻ޶ԣ֪Ů֮㺡Ⱦ֪֮䣬˵֮ȣֻ˫Ĳ࣬ԼպԵı̬תƣ˵Ͼźʱ˿̣ɵش˼ʱˣȻǣϾҲһ桭
ǰΪسһһĶҲˡ
ԭǲ˼ң߹֮ԣ벻Լ亦ʱ֮͸磬ȻҲʼδ
һ使󷢣ŭ
һָ˹Щ£úأ
ڣƲʵ
һ䣬гȾƥһ׹⣬ֱŭ
һ
ڳӭһ𣬺ҹ˸һƬǡ
ڳһʱټӣһεڿնһۣ䵽˼ر
ǡô
˳ǶۣʱǰƣƺӦһ֣ǳ߳һ˳ƶǰֱغ󱳴̵
һ쬺磬͸¶طУɲסһ䣬Ửһʽŭתط⡣
ʱŵù
ƷתʱȴӰεظ˫ƣһƮ٣һҰɣȥ޼
֪֮һ̤ǣԲȴ
ԾԷĽƲᣬ˫֮䣬һĪƣ˴ǣϵͨһصÿһԷԤ֪ǴһŽ֮
ͻȻķ֣ʹüﰵһ
ʱʱѩĽ棬Ӧһ֣йһֱѭżرϴ
һͻ׮Ͷʯպ˶ԷĽ档
ʯ棬Ƭʯм˸һƬʯ֮ơ
һĶʹüغȻ׹޿ɣԷµţ߶ƣԼֻĴ滳ɣһʩչƽ֮
ã
һ֮ʹųһ亹ţԣ֪ȿ֪ʱһδþΪܡ
ǰȴ̫ٻˡ˼תƺ෽һλݻһٶ˼һתһ
֪ʱмȣһ˫ãΪȡ
Ʒ𣬰ӰӰһǸԵĹȻ̤ǰһȻ
ţνͼˮʻƿգ֮˵Ĳ˼顣
ݴһʽ֮ʼԯƵ۴սʱżڣδڻĵ뾭ɴȴ֪⡣
ԵͻȻʱһԷ
дһƬ㣬ǵһ棬ȫȻΪŨ⡣
ʱ֮٣ֱݶ롣
һ˲ʱЮ֮ƣʯе
ֻúҪһܶʱȻѳ̶ֱ
֮䣬һȴ΢΢һƫ꣡һƣѩĽ棬˼ҺΡ
֮ͣǿɹۣۡ˸͸

νѪ
һʹг䡣
ʱȻ飬һûҪȴҲʾʹ˷ŹγĽ棬ַһʽһֻ֣Էһͷȥ
ͿƬ磬͸ռХ
ɫֱԿʲô
ǰмΪϸСķ֮࣬Ϊȶ࣬С
వмܣʩչ˹ˣһƷ룬͸ޱȾ޴ʹΣһԵʱϷ
ǣٿȺףʱ֮ܽһҲмܡ
ȴƺֻ֮һ;أҲ˲سá
ƽȣŽһһʽϷˮȻɿ⡣
һ֮ڼصĽƣرΪ֮һ
˵ʩչṦͻ෴ݳ
ȻƲᣬڼѲλ˿½ų̣Ṧѣһݳɿ⣬ںۡµһ㣬΢ڶ𣬾һƬϡֶݽ
ȴ⣬һҲ
ǸĹԲ
ڰ￴˲塣
֣ȻǰݴͣȻ֣ʷʱ˼ǰ֮䡣
˫һ书ǱѰ
ʱһǣϵ壬ظǰںһǾ֮񣬼֮ݴͣȻ֣üޣʱ˿̵水ԭƻرǷˡ
þ
һ߳һƬ⣬ףȻӣ硣ȴȡƫպżصߺ֮䣬ȥ
һ´֦ɣƺòˡ
һȤ
˫ߣԳۣгƫ֮
էļأֱл֮Уһͷת𡪡ĪǶԷĿʾݣ
Σʱһ˲ǰ֤ʵһգҲͬڷʱһ㣬ǰƶΪı䡣
δʣҲ򲻻޴սݾ
ߣ
ԹһʱݼʧҪߣʱһηǰݣһͷҲƵĶݡ
ʱвʡ
ƶۣȻʧԷؼһһһУڣȻ֪׷޼ֻôˣȴһԸοǸԼʩԷСˣʹ
һֻӲӡҲͬڼؽˮ۵һ㣬ƮУߣżȥ֮󣬿ڡ
˵µͷȴ
ʱҲˡ
Ʈϣµڶ֣ȴüˣԳȥ棬ʵ֮ο¶ļΣô˵Ҳ׵ıֵˡ
ṦߣʱűҲ
ϡǰ洫ĽŲʱ¼Ӿһ߰˸ݣֱ׷˹ȥ
˫Ӷ졣
ȻԼһ棬ϸˣֺڣԴڣҪƽһݣһǼܡ
һ׷һݣʱǰʮ⡣
ؾˣվסŲ
ʱҲԾվס
ңҡô΢ɳɳ
˫䶼⣬Ǹǰңңһξ룬ȴϬ˴˶ȫע
ʱȻЦ֪ܲġ
ƣҹ֣ζ
˵꣬һʱżǰ˼
ǰΪ˵ľ飬Ȼߵ춯ʵϣ޼˰ˣҪÿԣ⼸仰ȻΪȴδûĴִ߳ĵͷ
أѾˣ˵úأαأܲ˵ģһ־ܵĺá
ϰϰᴵ
ʱһЩѪ
ʱü΢֤ʵ˶ԷڵǰԶ漫㣬ػأҪȷԷ֮ȴǼѡȴһֲڼ˸УʶܾԷֹˡ
ìܣ
һԷʩԹƶ֣һȴĴ治̣һĨ֮ȥϵĵ黳ⷬдìܼˣȴԼҲⲻ벻͸Ϊʲô
֮ǰɲЩʱ
ǰһҪȴҪ׽סأʱݼţԷ˿ɾգҪǣԼϵĳޣܶԷ֮ͽ⣬ԺǸξң޻֮ա
һʱʱìܣⷬдǰԾǰһɲǼȻ벻ţԽңԽһǿҵԸҪѼ
Ӱѡ
˫˫ǰ
ʱһתŮ߸ѣɲˡ
֮£ת뿪
ʱ̽ȴٴδΪŲ΢֮ǰΪ΢ʱľ飬ڱˣ
ʱᣬ΢΢һЦţأһܲ
˼΢
ṦѣǰʩչΪ¿͵֮ȻܴﵽǵȾ磬֣ʵѺ
ԭ£ֻǰ죬ϴнˣ֮תȫ֮£Խʱв㡣
ΪˣʱԶ϶ԷȻӳԼա
ʱ׷֮£Խֻٶȼ죬ʱ֮಻òȫԸ
һƺѽӽ
Խڰ
һӼ棬֮ң
ԣҲ֣ʱ㲻ǽ߷γһǿİ֮ƣǰߵļǡǡ֮㣬ӦǲѷɡֻǶŮų򲻼Լ֮죬ԳٲִܵڰдγɴǱǸע⣬ԼɴݸϼأܵС
ʱǵ⣬ϵüơ
дţʵΪǰߵĽŲΪȫգƲӿ
һ׷һݣʱ䣬ǰʮɿ⡣
µͷ֮⡣
ǰһƬɽ顢é׺䣬гһԲ裬ɫ֮£һ羵
ԡ
ʱһ۾Ҳ湻⣬ӲһݳһӰˮɣڳ߰Ѹߵˮ԰ֱŲɽȥ
ʱһЦôһƣ֮䣬ǰˮ˰
ʱԭΪԷԼһ֮󣬱صݣȴû뵽θո෴
Ǹ˾Ժվס
һݣʱʧҲƵǰأһ˰ɣ
һηݶӰĿݣһ䣬ѵ˶Է
һ߸ٷݣޱȡʱȻϮӣ˫ʩֱŶԷؼץȥ
һɵַܺΪƮ¥Դ֮һʱ䣬ӶԷ֮Ӧֲַͬ
ǣֲַͬѨ֮ָԷӴɲ֮䣬ԷѨţʹԷá
ȴǣض˵Ĳ֮
ʱµƣԷӻؿһҡһֵŤֶرܿʱܺ׵ĵһʽ˫ᡣˢصӣտտĿֱʱӣȴû˿Ҫ֮⡣
ôһʹʱʩչĵڶʽ֣ͻֹ
㣿
˭˵Ǽأ
һɫ˿ʳ¡ҲͬһŸӣ۷ʽ̬ˣǼء
ҪǣһҲûС˫Ŀ£Ϊһɫ˿ס˺ҹƾ¶һ˫۾֪˭̫ˡ
˭
һ䣬ʱбϷŪĸо
غһʲôҲû˵ֻһ˫տտĿʱĬĬѡ
͸һĨ¹⣬ƼԷһ˫һԣֻǾţŭŭƹ˷ѽ⡣
ʱȻ˹˵ԷǷһԣԼʩչһƷǸˣߣǰԼȻĵһֹʲ󣬿óȻԼҲΪǼصĽŲһ·
ͻȻĴʹʱһʱ͸ã˵١ޡ
ƽ֮Ϊ˻ǣôҲӦûд벻ƫƫһʱ⣬ģ˺Ϳ
˵ش˿ȥ֮٣Ѱ
뵽治÷ζҪըˣһǻŭһԵرԷˡ
ܺáĹơá
һ˫۾ƺмݸЦ⣬Ȼˣ̬˳ţȻһԲ
ʱü΢ô˵
˵һ˫ӣøˡҲɲ֮ڣ΢ЦΪĹƵóѡֻЦ֮󣬲˹ģӦѹ൱⡣
ʱغһס㡭˭
һ䣬˫۾ڶԷϴתţصͷ֪ˣȻϳ˭ô˵ԭʶġٲȻǼ棿
δѣ˶ǰ
ƾ졣
µӣһǰ磬ַУһֱʱǰĻƼ죬Ʋƫײ֮ƣָδһɾ󾢷磬ɼ֮
ʱһڴʽ֮Լಮ١Ʈ˽似֮Уеʽ治Ԥ֪
ǰʱ鼱֮£֪ʩչ
һһʽѣֳһۡԴ˶յнʮſܵ֡ؼڵһϮΪӶµĵ¶ʽ۳˫࣬ٴֱ롣
ȴǲ֪˾йǡ
ʱַʩչ۳˫һʽԷߣȴѵþٹԷϮ
һ֣ǳʱ⡣
ݳ˫֣ټӣһĵȴǲ£ڿһƵʱҲࡣ
ʱһԷһʽ졣һ֮ûл
Է˷һֻż⵹߱ˢ
ʱ߳һһšΣһ˲ԵʽһʽƷһƬؿ
ա
˵һʽߣպķ˿˹ȥ
ں˵ԭΪʮþȵʤϣ벻˿Уʱ鲻ԽΪ֮ųһ亹
ۿźĳһ߿֮£ת⣬һ֮ϡ
ˡѿ˵ôһ䣬Ҳҵһ޺״ҲƵģ԰׹һУҹɫһ١
ʱǷ˼ʹٿ죬Ҳ԰ѡ
ȴƲˡһľѣֱоĶ֮ƣһʱźŵıӰá
Ǻȥ֮ǰһ䣺ˣ࣬ˣȻʹ
ɣ
Ī
ͷ缲ܣɲǼ䴫ȫǳԾС
ٻ뷽ųԷΣȴҲ޴Ǹ򣬹ֲǰĵʽȻҲס¶ŵ꣬ƫǵһ׵ʽѴڸƽ֮˵ʽԼҲδܾ֪
йض˵ഫ˵ӦԣǿѨˡ
һ䣬ֻȫ͸巢۾һᣬ
룬Լûϴ˱ˡֻǣһ⡭
ΪʲôҪȼأ
ңɷŶ֣֮Լ밵֮ݶжϣԿ֪˶Լصĵ⣬ԼأǺöҲ
ȴΪʲô
Ϊ£Ǽأ
һ䣬˼֮С 







 

  
ڶʮء¶۴ӻ 

¡
ؾ峺Ϫˮϴ˸
ϵѪֹס¶ѱѪʪټϺգζ治ܡ
˴ˣϪˮ壬͸ɴϴһϴ˳Ρ
ǰǸ˵Ԯ֣ʱһ棬ԵʱԼ֮ǱҲϣԣˣƵԼĶˡ
ĿǰִǲԼкڰеǸˣ϶ӦǻʱԼ档
ν丵ΣӿȪο˴Ķݣ
ز뿪дһĥ䣬޷ĵȺһ
峺ӨϪˮΪѪۣʹɫ֮£ҲһƬɷ˷羰
ʱһ˸͸Ҷ˽ǣ治롭ȻˣһұۣһҪҲѡ
ϵۣôʪ£ϴϵѪգǸССȴҲס
⼸˵²ǾŹıʧ٣Լ׹ˮЩ˹ٱòƺˣڵڶˣϴΪү˵ۣһνұۣ٣겻
ֻǣ֮ʱٳ²֮࣬ƣȴʵ㲻ʲôˡ
ʣǰ
ʯϣѺϴӵѪ£̯ǰ
̯µһ΢һƼǸ
һɫ£˫Ŀ£һ˳Ŀü塣ƺϪҲѾ˺ܾãһֱ͵͵š
Ȼ棬ҲͲΡ
΢΢һ£˻߹һЦվ𣺡Ŷɴȣˣ
վסţһ̣Ҳ𻰣һߵǰվס
زƣǰ˹ֱŤġεЦһЦȡʰʪ´ãȴΪֹ̽ס
ŶԷһֻ֣ļͷĿתϸϸ
Ĳ΢΢һЦһС㲻ʲôֹġ
˻عӿһۣܲΪȻӣ漴һͷ˴ǰѡ
ԴЦλ｣һʱ⣬ţʼһƷ룬ʱֻѡ
Ҳ𻰣ȡ˸ҩУǰеҩ¹ɫ𶧣Ҳ֪ʲôҩȡ˼ġ
˵š
֪˭ʲôʲô˰ڲ
ֻǣԷɽ֮һ˫۾ȴ飬˹ػ֮꣬ʹüز֡˵Լ˼Ҿȵأ
Դʩҩһֻ˵ƣᰴס˼֮΢ҩ£ע˴
էȻһʹ֮󣬼̶ޱһӣ·Ѻһ롣
֣ʲôҩ졭
˽ҩ뻳ڣһΪ˴ȴһʱҲʵĲ԰ɴһǣ͵˺һ
֮Ϊж
Ƽˮ꣬ŵȳǰһλˣȷǺġ
ַʲôѰ˴á
סʮ첻մˮҲػҩӣӦÿԺˡذѹˣֻЧãڼضо֮ơ
㡭
⧷һƣǺݣȴҲܶΪط֣š
ؾܼˣڣǲӣǰ֣ݣһΪסţʱ飬ȫʧΪ֮á
ǡ
֮У־̧𣬳˺һſɵ˳¶۴ӻ󣬽֮ŮҲԲߴģ
֮⣬ĸ
Ŷ㣿
һ֮˫˵ΣɣֱǱ˿ǰ
򡭡֣ǡҡ㡭һ䣬Ҳˡ
ն򶨵֡漴ɿ˽ץסԷ֡
Ѩ·⣬ٿغһתԾһʯͷɬδȥһ˫۾ԷţȴԻݡ
һľţŵϪˮ˷ңɵƽ
ȴػ䣬ŶԷ΢΢һͷǱ˴⣬ݷٴһʱȴҲ֪˵Щʲô
㰾ǰӱŤʣȻһЦ㶼УǱˣҪǱʱƼˣӿɾˣȥܵġ
ؿЦԮִֻǹʱ͸ޣΪƳ±Ŀֻ¡á
ɴһҡͷЦһ뵽ڡ
΢΢ЦԷǹ֮£ʵֻ࣬Ϊ룬ȴǶв㡭
漴ɫԣ£һȻŲңȴҲĲֽ֣ǲ㡭زǡ
ɿһ̬ٿüתһߣþòƽϢ
һ̾ɷԹֽԮִֻȴƮǣ棬ֻһ֮˽
ٿػعͷ۾ｻ֯ʣ̫ˣѵôΪҪĴмƮʲôң£ԼҲᵽˣһҲһ㡭ִԲô
Цһҡҡͷ˵ҾЭ
Ϊ֮һţȻҲƵƮ
ȻУǰ
һʶĺȻסǰѡ
ȴѿ⣬һЦôҪҶ֣ղŲǻ˵ʲôš
⼸仰ϸɫΣǰˣէö֮£Ůġɫ̬ƫƫװڰ߳ϣǴĪ棬òΪϧ̾Ϣȴ޿κΡ
ʵһ˫ӣţЦصѽܲɻҪҶôҪϻˡҵĶ֣
غһĬĬشӡ
һɱ۾ȴûԷһۣô˵Էȴжڼֻʲֱ֣޸ܡ
һ棬ȴǷδϸָһޱɢ˵ϵãǵ뿪һҹҲôԲô
ؿһۣҡͷһ̾޴ᣬҲ๡
ɻǰһɫ޾ˮһ˫۾£ţôϸ¡΢Էš
˵˵ɣ˵ʱԸ£ʯͷƫͷӵسţȴע⵽ߵˣǿѹһǻŭ𡭡
˵ֻҪҺãʱСӣҲܰԻΪѣ
δѣȴȻ죬һ磬ֱϮɶһƫͷֻԷɭɭһڳѱǰ
ֹⷬûɡ
ôҲû뵽ԷȻԼһ֮£ע⵽ԷɱȻ㡭
ȻˣȴްĳһüͦĿ֮ơ
˵˸֣һʱڳԾã̬Ǿƺǰһ⧱䣬⡣
һԲĴ̳ȥô˵жڼ
ɣ㿴ҼĳΪˡռǶصĺӣˣƮʲôֶξʩչӲӵţԼ£Ժ͸²ģҪ˵ЩĵĻݹҷ飡
仰˵ʯ
ڣٿתһ죬ѲУ𣬳һ̰ڳҹɫ֮䡣
һ֮󣬴׷
һ˿΢Цϡģ
ԳϰʲôʲôʹƮӴĺڵ֯ҲֻƮ¥һܶξ¹мƫȶ䣬˼輫£ɰٰΣݡγյĿĺȻʱصĽɫҲ
ȴǴƻģһмҰģһٹʱ죬ֻȡ϶֮ˣѡ˼أֻһ˽ҪءȨãٲ˼һˡ
ȴƫƫͷ
ȴҲʹġ
ûµʱɫֽ˸ССӣڴ̨ϣһ˳
ۿԽ˵ǰ¥Ʈȣɲɣһ˵ĽŲǰ
ǰ𣬻վס˽ŲֱƮǰֻֽӡ
ֻô̶֥һС£ȴҲһ˵ŵòᡪˢһʽĿŰүΧм䡣
үһ֦㣬תƵǰɵʰֻֽӡ
¥ϼ˻Ȼһطɺ
ôҲû뵽һʱ֮٣Ȼԩңһæӣ飡˴
һֱͨͨĸоǲȻǴͷˡ
ֻֽӣү΢΢Цˡ
̧üëǰֱǰ¥һƳĵҲƼ˹شǸ˶һʱѩȻүû¶һֻӡ
ӣŨڵüëһʱת
һֻֽӡүǰһ˫ֹʣưɣ
ֽӹһۣΪ֮ݸ
ʮ꣬񣬻򥣬༫ǿ࣬з֮ƣȴľԷвç֮
ֻֽӣȾЦˣ˭Ҷ
үĻǡүӹһЩѹɤӣǸĴһŹ
ǾŹүͷ̬ЦЦһƵûţû£֪ˣѶνӱû˵ġָ飡
һӱ
˶˵Ƥܰ˵ˣǰүձף֮󣬶רͣһӲһɵǺģֻһ书˵ãƽĽ󣬾ֹӦԣǰ󣬿˵ԲΪ£ߵﶼٲȻ
áŹ֣үȴƫƫҪҹٹ˵ˣ̸ĿڣЩǼϸ΢С£ȴпн˼ɡ
ǰء˼˼ҹɸ꣬үˣض֮䣬಻ˣ˵Ӧһ¡
ƫƫб£ϢˣҪ˵˲ʣϷѾ߶һжڰвʩ˿źۼүҲһ滹ˣһ̸Ц˿Ҳûְء
˵úáһ˫ʵӣԾѲţŵǰ¥ȥ
ǡ
ʱ¥ÿ죬Ϊ˾Źİȫ룬ū뱴үϼһ£ʱƶһԭסᵽס
νıүӦָǾųӥҲһλ˳̫үġ
ɿһչɫֵүĻ԰˲ҽ
ƵƵЦ˵˸ãȴůصֻǶԺǱߡ
ū֪үֻܷģ˵û֪
ԺֳոסųԲԲԲԲի޵չۡ˵ˣʱйȰһֹ˼ɰ
һ㱦үв֪
ôһ˵һ˼Ҳûˡðɣпգȥ
ǰվסòôЩˣźˣ
үӦһһʿӶһ䣬ȥ
˵ƽˣٿǴﷳ־£˵ĺޡһҼˡ
ˣ˽ڹڼڹĳɴˡ
ҪΪ˸Ůˣɽ£ⲽأ
Ҫ׷ᣬǱ
ЩֻҪһپ˵ļֱâڱѰ֮пֲ棬治֪һʲôɫ
ܾܾͺˣҵǣȴǽܹ֮ǰһݿݣƧԺӣѾܿɹһڹ׶
ԣүĴͼ㣬֪Ȥ뿪˹¥ˡ
Ů˵룡󷽵롣
»Ŀõ£ȥԲԲסЩʱһеİ趼վɣ͸԰ﻨʱС磬ɢҵҡ
ӵתһȦѰѶԷ˸ֻûƼһԵ߹ȥһнĺľ̫ʦ
үǰһˤ䣬һūű밲űĹأ˸Ǥһ˵үˡ
ˣһźЦţûƼ˼ҹﲻ֣˵ɣ
үӦţվһŮ̻һ֣ͬԼˣһȥʱ䣬ֻʣˡ
ɫİ˸£ȸĴ򵯶ö
Ϧ£
͸Կʱ΢硣ȴǴһѹͷ
䷿ӣٿҲûһֻۣţﻨ˫ɶԡ
ǰǼأǸжãʱ˿̣̾Ҳˣȥ֮⣬ûһܹ
ĵ䣬ƺѵ˼㣬ֻҪǿԣʹһеѹȡ£ͷȡЭ̬ȡᣬ
⼸æһֱҲû㣬˯ÿɺãƵһ˫۾ƽ͵ţȻӸλ˳Ǿս̣ͲסµĥҲԳһЩ̬޷ǡ۽ǵβ·ƺ˵˴˵ĵϷ
ٻȻתͷ
֪⵱ڶ̾ģȻֻǼأȻʹ˽⵽Էħǰ
ֻ۾֮£һɲסֱǹڼĹϵ
飬޲ܿڴһ٣ֻĿѣҲʹı䣬ѧһЩ˵ӹ֮
͸졢״µһϲãӣ벻Ź㻹һ˫֣һ˵˷عЦˡȴֻɫֽɵӣǰϸϸ͡
ٻվԼģң
ͻȻľٶʹ⡣
ŮˣôƯŮˣ㹻ģ׷ŭĿŶԷ̬ӴĿУһʱЦѣ
ôܻ㣿Ѿ͸ˣ͸ҵĶȻҵˣ
˭͸㣡Ƿ紵ȥġ
ȻܹȥɶԷֻֽƫƫ飬ؾٸ֣תֲ򱳺ô֡
һԴ󷢣ԷʲôһֱԷȥ
ǲܵóѣֻȻ
ıˣ֮£ֻ׽֣ڴ
־ˣܲסһӹ۽ݵʹʹ䣬һʱҲ˳
ɿ֡
һĿ϶ٵװֻɫֽ
һٴκЦ
Цδѣֻ˺˸顣
㣡ֹסЦ̫ˡ
Ҿѽ߹ӣתɱҰɣ
ȻɵЦ⣺ٲȻͰ͵ȥ׸ȥ
̫
Цţŷѵ˵ˣƽôϵģ
Ϊ˾ŵõģһΣҲȥܲɣ˼һܰѻʵҲø㣿ˡ
úáüת˸ӣ̴̵һ̫ʦ
㶼˵ˣɷҲƤЦⲻЦػ˵һѪ˵ĵǻƵۣɸʵ棬ʱһҪлģ㡭
˵ţüɫЦˡ
ͺúõסŰɣֱֱ˲Ҳ˲ؿʲôĵطֻ˵ҪҪķӣ
ллĺ⣡
ٴǰ⸣үɲס΢΢Цˡ
ˣ˵ӦЦģŹһЦ֮뵽ʲôĵ£˵Ҳ
ֻúܻ

ѵǣٻ˵һжġ벻Ҫˣ廪ɽԭҵļңҸʵ۸ǵģסԼֻǾüȻһŤ㡭
һӱˣˣǲռҼҵĹԺͷȻԾӣⲻµһô㲻Щô
⼸仰ȵӻҪش̽
˵ԭʵ顣
ԭ廪ɽʵۼλֻ֮Ǻþ䣬ɽռҾӵĻʹԺҲС
⵽С£ǰΪһף༥޻ɴԲµһſ˵ʱƫƫȴǼҪӵˣΪ⼸仰һֱ޴ɶݣһʱӶˡ
ٱ㲻ٲתǰһ֮ʢš
ȻҪǿŮң뵽δĸ磬ԼԼǰҡڹڼңԼδҡ
һʱ֮䣬·ĶΪ֮ˣҲϾ˼үת뿪¥
ٴγֽͷȫˡ
⼸죬˶ⶡĸˣ¶಻˳˵ɥ͸
ԣƯ¥ѴʱԾأѲյ˷ףҲ˵ע⡣
ͷ棬ȴƵͳ
Ʈɢ졣Ϻ棬жָɿһĲ¹ӣȲʽӱȫ£֮
һڳ¶ߣȴΪ״ĳ¨֮ڣ

ȴƫƫǰĺ¥ȣҶĴٹ˳ϣĪֺƱҲƲٳٲк
д͸߾ϸϸȥĵ緫
׹öɫ磬ȴϰϰ磬ػأһȫȻţ޲
ǣѾٷ磬һǳȴҲȤ
ǰΪʱˣһƷȣ˿ڶԷϣڶƮ¥ķ²ɵҩȥǼĹһұۣܶ硣
һ˸еغƾƣɫԽ¥˵
߰˸ƶһȼ𣬾¥һƬԣ¥װΰ£ֳ⼸˵ȴǿŻӱɫ͸ˮһƹӳ䣬ɫֱ컨׹֮һĻƣǲͬն
ҪһߣһţӳԵһһֱ̣ȽȽҹ֮£һνˮֱƥһȤ
˷ɵټ̶Ѵǽұ޵һ档
ٻȥȴ᲻ҹ´һɫȴʱ߹һƣӵǼô
ʹüΪ֮һ
Ǹ漴ЦǱһλ˵ʱȴһűϡ
ؽӹһֽϺīδɣдżּʢпΪһ꣬Ϊͼ֮񣬲١
һɷ飬δβȴмŶ֡д󣬵֪
غ֣ȴ벻Է
Ǹ»ƣЦλ룬һ̸롣
ʱĮǣٲȻԴ˶УԷλЩͷɫеĺͣûǮ֮ˡ
ĸ
ؽϰյƾһǰʵô֪ռ˭ģ
»ЦȻǸ˵ġɣ
˼δȥԱ֣Ĳ˼İڨǶԷˣܵԼϣЩԨԴȳгȴδܾôһ룬ҲͲٽ飬漴վ
롭
ͷǰ·ת
һȲŵҺֳһƬطԲ죬ǰǸ»ˣ
˼Ȳܣֻ
ȴֻһԲϣˣӰ֡
һ񳣬޷ǵĽˣһŮнӹյ״һ˻ƵıһЦˡ
漴վźļأȭЦ͹⣬͹⡣һ˵ճл
էԷųǺдһ߶Էߣǹʾɣһ࣬Զ϶вⰵԳ档Ωˣȴܾ
΢΢һЦ߶š¡ĿһתȴҲˣ˸
ȴ֮⣬һѮ£ɫڵ꺺ӣԼһɫѮҵ˹ӣΪȺƣŴ磬಻ѿЩŮӣǷɵٻ֮٧ƵָŮ
˲ݼؿڣԺǺЦĺ֮ڽֵҲĪǷʶҽλѣ˴˾ˣϦӵˣηıһ
һ٣ָǸɫӵλչԽ̫רӪ˿кű鼰ϱҴҵ󣬰ɽسǣòǮǱͶãʱģҲǴԸѣ
仰˵ôҶЦˡ
չİӵҲΪ裬ֱȭ΢΢Цһ֮
ȴΪע⵽һ˫ŶҲƵ֣ϸ壬һ績ˣָϣһöεıʯָɫ꣬貣ʽ󣬽һ㣬ȻǷס
ʹüظΪģȴǶԷţٲȻʿǰ̬̬ƺ̼ҵб
չӣжʣʹڴҴһ֮䣬ܴٷԷøС
شٴι۲죬ȴΪһˣǸɫڵ꺺ӡ
λշ룬רӪżҿڵ⣬һ϶ڴϣһʺܴ⣬ȴΪ˿˳͢Σ
δ٣ѹЦôһ˵ҼֱҪܻԾҪżǰ˵䣬Ī˼ˣ

ɫȴǺ͸죬һѩݣһ˫ת֮䣬ˡ
ĿԷһӴʱӦһ˵һǱѰ
źǺЦǶѣиͬسԺɫ˵ŮУãܸ裬ǧ⣬Ҳȥһ׷ƽطŵκɧ̰԰ˣҪĲ֮
ⷬʣ̼ǣ˵ϼͷɲסͷЦˡ
Ŵס˵ˣ˵ˣ֮ƽճζͶн֮һۣµм֮ʼһãֹǴҵƢθ٣Ʈ޶òֱ˽׷ˣύ֪ղٴꡣŲðɵ벻Ҫźá
ϲ˵жס̬Էǽ֮ˡ
زԴʱһȻǰˣȻ˼Ȥ
ƾֱĿԶԣԷˣ̫үǰɲĹȴҲûһ㽭ַ糾ϢʵִѰζ
Ҳ˵һʲôдȴֻҴһ֮䣬ʹȻԴȫİˣһиУֱ˽ύ֮⡣
ȴǸչİӣݸЦȻҶǵһμ棬ƫƫĻ࣬˵˰죬Լ˭˼һ֪񲻺Ц
һЦҪֽ̣漴תȥ
˻ûü˵շǸΰѺǺЦλϸأ˵˰죬ǮֲһļҵֻСƯŮ⣬˭Ҳ뻨á
ٲһЦ
Цһ˫۾ɺãһͷֱλСֵܣŪɶգͷԡסЦ˴ס˵˾ٲˡ
չİһЦ˵ֻԼԹ˭Ⱦһ
һк߹ΪơԾٱһ
ߵˣνķֻ˵ֻȫһƬģο˴ֻǴҴһ
㣬ԼֹΪԷ֪صŴʾϷīʵʾԷڼ֪ˣʵѶԼй۲ãֱǰΪʱ죬˽ǣԼ֮½۲񣬾ȻڶԷһЩ˿ɴ˿֪˸Ǻεˡ
˼УȥŽһ˫۾ҲԼ
ֻ۾֮£زΪ֮һ
Ϊ˿ƽ͵ĿһĸӦʹд
ĿתתǸչļǸշĶ˼۲죬õķӦһ޶
ǣ̵õһۡˣؾһ֡ʲôɣ
ʵ˵ǣȴ˶϶
Ҳһ˵ڹﵽνϳ˾֮󣬱ȻȻʣ֮ӡ֤ʱɡ̫ү¡үȣ޲ˡ
Է˼ȻҲĿ񣬼ʹ¡ԼȼҲӦԼʱۡ
ͻȻ֣һʱ𵴣Դ˴档
һ֮ˣϷ֮˭أ
ĺ֮治Сг̵һ仰ˣɽɽ
Ȼȴ˸ˡ 







 

  
ڶʮءѱһЦ糾 

ˣʵ
ȥҲûйľȻʶİˣѱԻôŵķοڱ㡭ֱǷκ
ⷬζһ⣬⼫ˡ
յĳƽᣬһӵõ˽ѡƮƮ𻯶ɣѵü׼Ըҹ
ֻǣһ书ˣıˣ
رһԸ£һſơƫǸٹһ˫ϥԵʶǱ٣һ䣬ٹٿˡ
Ķ㱣ξ롭
ѵһ̵繣ȴΪĪһơǴĺȻۼҹо֮ơ

أǸΪٵĸټԣһ
˺Ц
ʱˣˡ
һ𡣲Էǰˣվ𣬷Ǵ뿪
չİӹЦǺ£ɥʧɾͷףɷ羰
һ˵˼ƣǿ߰ɣ˿ɾû
椶֮£Ϊ֮һ㵣ȴ¥ֱ죬žһʱʧɫУ׷׶Ŷȥ
һ֮£ȴֺϾػ
˴һЦ
صĽ˵ͷЦͶˣһһҲһ
˵ʱ̾˾Ʊ
չİЦһЦѵãСֵܣһܿԳˡ
˵ʱ϶ص΢Ц˼㶨дһ٣ȴȻڽ롣
ͲʹüشΪ֣ԭ
Ȼ΢ЦѹϣһβգֻϺˡ
䣬ˢһһӢͦ˹ĵĺӣԵŶ
һϮĹɴŸӻɫ˿Уȴ׹ſƴС塣
ĿȴһڹɴӣƵ˦ͷ
Ũڵһ˫̿üԳǿý
˫Ŀһӣضʱһ˵İ
ûϴǴǰ廪ɽйһ֮Եֵλү
ҲߵһˣձֻһŴ磬Ҳɲ֪壬һλԹˡ
һҹ֮Ȼʤȴ֪ʵпɹۡʱէȻԲⰵһ
ռģһܲԼɣ
վһЩ⡣ԭλүƺԼ֣һ˫ȴշǸΰӵš
΢ķ֣ʹüһʱĴѽ⣬漴Ȼ
ԭ廪ɽҹս֮ʱԼ滢һ˫۾֮⣬
ʱǺҹֵļսȻ壬ǰλշѣԼ·𣬴˿ҹԼţмƣĪֱүһƳ֮£϶ˡ
ԺЦȴصˣԼ΢΢һЦ
ȻҲƳˡ
չҲЦµػٱ
үǰһŭ߳һ㡭װʲôͿ
Ȼֱշġ
ʹñΪΪ֮ЦˣȴΪ»
ԭ˵ͻȻȻı㣬صĽ˵־һֻƻϺ꣬ȼλһʱ֮ѣδز֮С
ݻһȴǼһʱ֮ܲ⡣
ǰշΰӣԷôһƣԻ̧ͷ
ڽң
үһЦİˣٸүһסһ٣غһ߳ã
һӰǰ
˵ĹڸߴȻֱ֣һ㣬ٿԲʹˣΪ֮һ
ôӣ
˳ϵ׳ͷʶͭ塢üȴһӣϼ⣬ᣬȴżɫ޵Ĵ쿲硣
ôߴһˣƣէȻĿһ
үصذѴ˴ߣ塣
˰ҲƵĺȻһһֶշͷ
շģէƣһȴҲȻУѰط
¾˺ٵһһһ죬һҴϸӳ˸ֱ
ƾǸʯͷӣ⧼֮£Ҳܸշˣȴ֪շӣһ
֮£ÿһ죬շǸľͷӣƳܲζ
ţȴΪ֮
Ǿʽ֮£ǧ֮ǣȴĶ֣ԷǸշĺӣȻֻţȴվ໥ѷɫ
Ǿ˵һߣ죬¥ս
жףɶ꼴Ӿۼ֮˳ңʩһھŶ˳ݿɽཻ󵶻Ӵɱͬ񣬵䴦Ѫɣޣ򲻵֮£ֻϧĿʶ۹ͣٲýһԺչ
ߣƾ̣֡ۡȴǹ󵶣漰ͽּһʱЧ٣˲ºš
շ֮ϰգĮХ磬ݺȥԭǷ糾һڲҰ𢣬ͬˣϧ֮ģĪ档ƮȥˣʶˣһƷ͵Ĵºš
ʵַǣȴǺ֪ĮһƷͣı˾Ϊ
Ȼ쳾ȴ
˶Ҳû뵽ԷԼ˵һͷĺӣȻдһʱɵˡƷͷҲЩġʩתԶްԵܵã
һĿעıүһʱΪ֮Ȼɫ콻֣˼ص似߳ȴ֪ԷȻȻǲ˼飬Ѽ
֮£һҰϸĸ쳶ñֱһϳء
֮󣬼ֱˡ
һ˶ף﷢һŭ𣬾԰İض§ͷǶˢֱŷͳ
һֹ֮ǧҪ˵ɣմһЩ߶Ҳġ
ǳüէظӭϡôһƵˡ
ڴһһƬӰչǸϷѨ֮ߣֻһ²ס˶µİظ
ֹⷬ⣬һʱĿɿڴ
ǰƲѡ
ԷǸչģﲻһϮʳ£ȴܽס˶ǧ뷽Ǹռʤ
һԹսıүԳһһ仰ԷϵĸˣǺ룬һҲӦ
Ȼѷǵ˼أȻ֣Բʾʹ˶ݡ
ǰ׼Ϊӳ裬ү࣬ȴֲ¥ܣ粻ԴӣֻԼԳ֡
ҹȻڼ˴ȴǲģм־δʩչ
˼棬ۺ졣ʲô˵ģ
һ֮ˣҲ˼߳һȫһҲˡڣȷѡһһƮߡ
ռģܲ
ڣһֻ맾ƣֱŷǼ
Ǻһٿ
ۣ˫ӭһ顣
ȴһ֣˫ˢ·ֿ
һ˲ò֣
үǵͬʱֳǴңһ߳һһӵϣˡ
ԭֳĬֻĬǰơͬˣʵԼ֮¡оֹдԼ֮⣬óȻʵƣãᣬҲȻ
һƼȻݱˣ벻֣Ҳǲеˣ˼ĵһ׶ӣԾߣһ۵ݷ˵ͷֱ¡ȴǡռһ룬ȴбһʲȡƼ׼ƫУһֻõϣسţǿڸֵΪ̣һΪ֮׹ϡ
һֻϸɾƱ׹ϣΪƬ
ֵˡǸصĽˣڳֵͬʱɷֻ֣һ£һǰѨƷδʩչʯͷ˶һض˵
ٿصǸʩӣǵֵأҲڵá
ԷɱѨʩһʹ˶ֳƸԻżعһЦȥ
ڣӻƳ˫ƣ˼
ÿһ죬˳Ϊ֮Ƭ׷ɡľмĽŭӥҲƵԽֱ¥׹ֱȥ
ؼδ֣ΪԷͣǰ˼ѳкԲŲӦһ𣬽ѭ֮⣬ֱȥ
֡
زһ׹䣬ʱŭϡһڹͷ§ͷǶֱзʣһʽֵֻס˶Էĵơ
˰ԲףԲһ˫ţۣէϵظڼص似еɵˡãᷭƺУʩһʽ֣۵ػжԷ׺Ӻпһţһֱֱص
֪ʱܲ
һƬƹ貣ǴӰڴͬʱҲʩչ̵֣˶Ѩͷּ죬ƺڵѨһ֣Զʩʧ֣иˣȻһãƵ˵
ôһֳ֣ʱΪ֮ҡ
ƹ⣬Բֱͬ
ؼ϶ԷЩӪڳޣҲͲ顣
һͽγһĻ䡣
ԭƮ¥Ӷϰһ׿Űʽ˵ʱ̣ȴɻۣзǳпܵԶĶǰ޹ˣһʩչϰ档һֱлᾡʩչǰᣬǴ֡
Ȼ֮
ʼ΢ν⵽ѴҲʩչ֮˱ûмտڹΪֱ֣֮зǳЧ
ǰһʩչʱγһַǳƣէ֮£һֻڻ֮䣬֮Щ֮ˣ޲ҲƷ𣬼ʹΪ½մһЩ߶Ҳͻʧصһߡ
ԼҲûϵ׿հʽЧڰʽ֮䣬һȻƣǰͨܣֻҪ˳ʩչ޲Ӧ֡
ôһֳ֣ǳֳһˤ˵־磬ƹҫ֮£ۻңֱ֪ʲôϷ
һԵĽˣʩѨַƼ⾰һ̶ЦѽСӣ˭̸ģ˵֮䣬˫ʩɣΪ㵹ˣ֮ʣż߽ӽ
ֳٱ˵Ҳǧ֮ףھ¥Բ
ƹ棬ӵɢƼȴæңȻһ֧رѵͽֽսĲӡڸָӷŵʮٳ㶼ֻ֣͸ƹţʩ󣬽һʮ湥ɱʽչ硣ˣ˵ֽýֻǵ˴࣬ǰͺ̣ԴԴһʱҪΧ¡
Ⱥһα֮ȻԿ׹䡣
˵ҲԲ֪չİӺǸзǵĿ຺ӣ˫˫ս֡
ӷԿƮ䣬ƺ˳֮䡣֣ǧԸǰЩٱֱǴСãʤ֮䡣ֻǣȴҲɵϡ
ƺš֮£ԴԴǿΪ̣˷̶
ⳡ̿δеôأ
ʩչϰԶĿŰʽԽӦ֣ˣһԵɵʱԽԽΪУʽ֮仯ԼĻѧã΢ʹǼЩԼ֣Ī
벻ⳡͽֲȻһʵϰõĻᣬʼδġ
ﲻŲæʩչδʼû뵽˵˵Ĺơ
ʱߴһ˿죬է֮£ګ
Сӣ֣бˤɣеˣˤòã
Ƕ죬ʹת֮䣬촫ͶģԴعۣ̳һһĸɡ
ˣǱˣǸԼúòҵ̫үųӥ
ԭҲڳ
һүǿɹۣټϺ꣬һֵ֮£ѹųơ
һ涯ӦУһĿѲȴжƻ˲
̫үȻǰս֣۲΢صÿһٶӲ۾
漴Цһ֣ȷʵѼֻϧɱţߺߣһֱΪǶȴû뵽ԭɶĶһ·ģһǶˣȴҲɴࡣ
ڣ졣
ԭٶĳ棬Ȼסʽ죬ֳٱ󼱳˿
ⷬȻѰǲ¹ʵˣҲӦ֪ͻˡ
һԾ죬ƺܺڰŻĻζȴǵƹѣǵ֮
֣ⷬɲסʹΪ֮һֵͬʱҲ˾
漴صĽһߺ֮£ǻˣɢ
Լõİһ㣬һߺ֮£Ծ
ˣӣһ֣ǳ۵ڰ֮С
ڻ⸦ֵһʶʲôˡһ֮£תǰһþ֮
졢ҪȻɾˡ
εһʽתէȻһ죬ɰӶˢƵֱ鴮죬ҡضɰӶɣһ֦Ҷм׷ɣƺòˡ
ԭ̫ү뱦үֲӦ֮£Ȼ׾ʵĻӪҲΪ֮ٳ
ǰ̣˻ҩ̧ǹʮˣƻǹڣһڳȾĲʮ̧ǹֱڲͬҪĿڽһٳɼߡ
˷ڼؽ¥֮ʼѰչֻһ뿪ʹͷܣȴûϵֹⷬȻλ糾Ŀ֮Уһʩţһ档
Ŀ̣ⷬǳԾС
ͿǰӰһһ
է˳ֵĵȻϳ˵һְǸչİӡٿתһ߳
죬ת䣬Ʈɿ⡣
ӦһʩչṦϾҲǰйҡ
ӷתƣûǹȻ죬ʱ֮һƬ֦Ҷ׹ľмĽǹӵļʱǰⲻ⡣
һ֮ˣɲųһ亹ʱ֮ģ̼˸ɾ
ƺòֻ䷭֮䣬ûӰʵ飬ٿȥ΢ֵӣ˿ۣޱ飬תƮ磬֮ת磬̾Ϊֹ
ȴǴŪ⡣
½ͨһ׿Űʽǰȡһ¡
һʩչ֮£ֳǻζӰ˷룬ƮһעĿֱۻңѶȡᡣ
ֳļ˻̧ǹһ֮ٴװķ£ǵĿȷ˭ҲԸóȻ䣬ƫƫءƮƻ飬Ūü̧ǹֱ֣Ű۶
ڳԸŸ˰ľǹȴڱִһյƣ׷ҫһŻ֣Թʱȼɷ䡣ȴǸڼ򡢹˵ƮѶȡᣬѰ಻סһųڻӳ֮£ޱɭ
䣡䣡̲סǹƬɢÿУǹʱڣȼŻڵζ
ȻǴˡ
ģˡһءӣǹէȻ֣衣ǹһ˲еͣǹ֮󣬾˫˫ֱĪʵ
ڳŭХһǸڱѣԲŸ˻ǹݡ
˳ƷϻӾ֮ȣɶطԭһĺڵľ·ɿ죬иȥ֮ܣԲ˷ϻºš
鼱ǹϡ
ȴݳһӰϷҷԳҲƵ׹ֱ£ֳصĽӰ
һǹ̫̫أն㣬ͰһػѣֱŽͷ
ܰһӣѰץס꾡ȼգȴƲ
ֻһֱܻԽ˸Ŀɿڴ
ȻֻǼһֱתʩչɱֻ֣ӴһƬӰƵģϮš
·һǰңƬѪ紦ѽһֱֱصȥ
ʩչһмΪйɱ͵ءȴֿ죬һѰѶԷĻҩ̧ǹ˹תҲƵķ˳ȥ
ֵͬʱǸзǵΰӣȴҲڵӪһ淢˹ơ
ֱ콵Ŵɼ磬ǻԿնµӣ˫˴ɾǰ׵壬
ԭʮ˻ҩ̧ǹǰͬ䣬ÿһ̧ǹǹָ
صĽˣڰпһĺȻΪ
ѸײڶȻԿնǵĳ֣صĽˣã˫֮¿һڴϸĻǹǹΪ֮ۡ
ǡ˵ֳϮȻڲͬطȴĬжһ£һ֣ʱںڰ֮Сڼ빬ӵӰΣȻֳûֳ
䣡䣡
֣ɰɣ˿ǹ
˵ڼ򡢹ͬõǹȻ˸ա
ȴΪˣһα¶ڰеĻǹλãŽˡһ˫ҪɷǵĺȻ֡ǹһǰޡ
ⷬϣ΢
ȻԼءλƮӰΪʹвĻǹ䣬һз㲻Ծر¶˻ǹλãеĽ뷽ǣΪ֮ʱѸײڶַڶԷװҩһǹͬǹһϵõЧ׿
ӪȻߡ
̫ү뱦үǴ鷢չ̫죬ʮ̧ǹĲãȹ㣬˲ף⵱ȫӼ䴫ϵȻϵжϣݵ÷ʱʮ˻ҩ̧ǹѼ𾡾಻֮
ǣһȵʮǹΪ֮伣ٲһ
׶Ƚ棬һȫʤ̫үȴʧأǹڼΪ֮ȫûͬл˵׾Ŀɾʹؾˡ
ʩŰʽһΣһ̫ʯ
ѴӾ¥ռؼĴиǽԺ̨ͤ鿣һв빫
үһдǰ¥֪ᣬһɾƿͣǲɢ뿪ĿˡŮͬ¥ԱϤ¥ڣóһ
̫ү뱦һΪȫʤȷʵһĻ˵ƽĴ׾˻ǹ֮⣬ṦĹŲ죬Ҳ˲١ѴӾ¥Ժǽӹ˵Ժǽ⡣ͨڣר˰أڽֵ
ȴǣ࣬ʹ˽һˡˣǵһмƻۿ˲أ׷ĻʼδʹĪ
һˣ˵֪ȴҲ֪ǵľ⣬ѵͬ飬ֳֻһ˱㹻ӹɡ
һʯһתĿ⣬ԺĴ֪ӪһĲҰ֮˺ܴת䡣
ʱĴѳԺ⣬ǵѣҲټƬֳ̼ȹձ֮ơ
£Ժ̲ʱЩѨ˵ˣҲȫ롣
ΪΪԷȫȻ룬ɾδ档ʵϣڶȵĽ֣ǰչ
ڶ̫ү飬ʹüؾͷĹթ˵ǲ׶Ը
ǰĻң֮ǰ壬ȴǿҵĶԱȡ
һҹϰϰϴȴռ裬ֻǸϲɢڿԼŻѪζ
ʱһսûˣʱȴӰ
̫үүҲ֣ƺס
صȻ֪Щ˾뿪ֳŻ֡
ƺ«ҪԼˡ
ʱĽӴ밵еĽ˵ˣһĬһһָдԼǰսֵͻơʶ㲻ɣԣ߳
һƬƣԾǰ
µӣĿƹ⡣
Ź촦һżʸ
ɼпɹۡ
ʩչһӣӶﳤֻһʸȫϡ
ӪʱѾѧ˹ԣıսԷʽƹһȴɵݳӰһǰһ͵ֱϮ
ǰˣʩչһɰ˳ǹһȴһڶ˳ݿɽ
һԾ졣ǰ˱һȵضһǹֱϼǰľˣ죬һ֮ʽеֱżرȥ
ƵǼ죬ŷ缴
΢ƫӭ洩Ķǹ⣬ȡǰӣһ˶ԷǹȴһʽĴ󵶡
һʩչΪ죬֮֮ơ
ĵĶʧһʱղסƣ㶼ǰԵ⵱ڶػӣҲƵת˳ȥ
ԭɾƽԷˣĴʺЩĲ̡нǷҪɱ˲ɣȴҲҪѰԪ״ԼƾеĶֻ֣նɱħСȴʤ֮䡣
ȴûϵһʺȴЩΪԼɱ֮١
ԭˣƲΪ棬ȴҲЩּǹĺӽи£ֵǸơ书ȻƲϸƽƽȴܳĻҩһֱ»ӪЧྫɻըٷڡ߽ŵӦڣ޲ƾɡ
үߣзǳ⣬ȴǼʼδ
ۿʧײһ飬ĵȴǸֵһҹѱϡϺɢһƬ̣öССĹлǵı䣬ͻȻ䣬ڼ֮䡣
һ䲻֪ǸʲôնȴҲ֪
һݵһ죬һöʯӣƫУûڵǸ֮ϡ
ʯСȴӲѵϺù⣬֮䣬
غһˣ⡣
һǸССԱըһ
Ҳ֪װãɰӶ㣬ǰһը֮ơɻȰĽө죬һմţֱ總֮ʯͷҲҪһ
ƺòˡ
ǰзһöʯӣǼһĹӦ䣬ƫʧһԲ롣ˣصһ£өϸСմ˼㣬ʱȼ
һ£ȴǺ޼˰ʩĶԷˣЦһֱѭŶԷ¥ǣ˹ȥ
¡ۼųֵըδ๦ԷȴɷٴϮɲסɫ䡣иµǸӻǰһವԱһ
һӻһöȼյĻ𵯡Ǵ˵ڵʩõͲȴǿƾǿҡ
˸ղž飬رСģ򲻸մϡһת漴Ӷֳ£˴ɾӭſлһһգɳȥɿ⣬ȻըȼԲһһ𣬽֮ǰöغвͬȴһؾĶǣɱ˹
ǰ֮ƣȻ𣬷һƬнǰ
ոߵһʧ֣תȴѲ
żصļ֮ƣг¶߰Ĳһ⡪иѣۣ֮ǿ˸͸
ѽһУµֱֱ
ȴһһӰӰԶ̨ͤʩչҲṦкӲľС֮ƣһСʮޣһֶƾ죬ֱϷɵ
һ졣
صյĳӭ˵ޣȴһɿת̶ֱӲ˲ŽµӣһαƵõڶȴҴһһݵݣȴʶ˴ԭͼҲڼԺ̵ļѪ޳Ԫס
ǸϹӹұƽһߣõ̫֮һ
Ȼʹض಻ģȴմϴ빫ұƽлԼ̫үˣԼȺһĻһĻ׹֮ޣ챻Ϊƽܴ裬µĸˣƲܷŹұƽԼ˱ӦǰʹȴջƵġ
Ѫ޳Ԫһޣڱ׵һˣͷǼǹʹȴһ̲УΪԷǿĽֱƵ÷ˡһɣںڰ֮С
ЦһϮǰӰಣһݳӰ
һҲǰ
˵ĺȻνбһվʱֳޱƣȻڳһйҶ̫ҵͷʽ
ǵ˵ڡ
ǰţ˵羭רԸصġ
˵ȻһɧʮװӣһµĶͬʱ֣һΧţΪʽޱ
ٿǰǸ̫ҵͷʽȴһ϶ɡ
ģ˴һϮ£һ̫ǽýǣעģȴк󷽵Ǹˡ
˱ճ˻ңҲϵá
̫ү 







 

  
ڶʮĻءӥ 

Ȼ񣬴Ž塣
ģ̫үжһѼȴֳصȣһʮȹǣ͹ʮУǴѵһֵĶűмˡ
мűе˻治࣬Ҳ̫үһֵԵʣȴÿһʩչ㶼ʹĶꡣ
ҹȻҪӼС
СӣǿּˡһģδЦεķϣһЦݡ
һүĻпȴ֪С㻹ˮݣȴ˸ҹּˡ
ּˣظһĻг¶֮
ձģֱǰֻϺ꣬ѹǻŭһ˫ݼ̣˵֪ŲңҲһŲ㣡ҹǸüһˡ
̫үƺΪԷһڵϣ΢΢һţֺǺЦˣǼ¶ʱˡ
ȴʱΧȻһƬңԿն׹һֻɿľӥ˵Ȼ䣬ΧһװӣΪǰأֱֱص
µˣǳϵĿ죬һŵˣ¸ٻŽתˢһһ֮ƣֳΧһװӣʱΪͷһʱǴ⣬ϴһƬ
ڶԷ֮ʼȻǸзǵΰӡԭЩƶ֪ԷˣȻδʱ״һʱĴ
Ҫ֪Ӫǲ֣ʹΧ⼸װӣҲǧһүϸѵļ֣ȭţ
ֻǰһ·ķ糾ʱμ穣ô
էȻʩУһ֣˶ˣʱһΧʽΪ֮ҡ
һΧʽԭΪԸض裬ĿΧ̫үΪ׵̫ҵͷʽԷȫţ˱ɽһٳɼߣֵȴڷǵԿնȻ룬ഴΧս
̫үĿ֮£Цһ̱Ϊ֣֮ѡ
ֻһƬƮѵ˼ߣϵȣˢһתֱɨ
̱һɾ󾢷磬Ϯ
һʽ棬ʵ
̫ү°һƬӰȫ£һߴѨλʱΪ֮Խӣͷо
ͦʮȹǣʮѶ̵һƾޱȵɱ򲻿ɵġ
Ȼȴʩչȫ
һƬǹ貣Էȶ˵ʮȹǣȻٵ̫ү֮£ʮ㷱ǣֱذ£ȴΪ۵衣
¶ǰľһĨ죬Բεػһȡ

ȹǵ˽һط
̫үÿ죬ȥø졣ವһƬϼ㣬߿⡣ճλ̱Ϊֳ̫겹
Ǵһʽİڡ
¾װ꣬ʹ书̫үͬն󣬱Բͬ
ˢˢ
ʩ£ɲΪ֮˺þ̣򶨣ҪȻȫ
̫үȻ˽ƵĲڼ
ΪеĺȻ룬ʹԭһԸصʽȻˡ
˵ȻˡصĽˣչİӣԼǸзǵΰӡȻǸͷָǧڼ֮£ۼ飬ƽϼԹ֮
ʹ̫үһΪ֮š
ǰǣ̫үһ棬ΧʮʽȫԸһˡүһ棬ͬˣȫӭзǵˡ
ĴһʽȴδһԸһЩ
սΪԷƣȷѣ֣ʹΧʮʽֱԭƻϷѣս˳𣬱Ϊ֮Ȼҡ
ʮڼ̵һ˲ΪˣʮˣէȻ֮£סţȡֳУǿ
ȴǣ½˱ըɧ
ȻӡͷûɫҲŻ֣콵ɿ
Ƭ֮䣬ѴӾ¥⣬һƬңÿپķӵȺ䣬ҷ֦һɧս
̫үүƵٲ׽ʽԭ꣬һʧƫƫ˹ӵ˵ͻȻ룬һδȫ䡣
̫үŬ
ϺȻƻס֮䣬֮ʤʵȴмΪˡ
ȫ֣֪ţĴǳšþУƮ֮󣬲Էֵ̫ҵͷʽȻҲĪ֮κΡ
ʱһΪһЩš仯⡣
أ̫үǰȣˢغ£ֱǰĵ
ؽ𣬴Ϸȥ
꣬ʱΪлɳˣٿ˫˫нһ˫̫
ôһ˼صյ֮ơ
һƬȻĵ⡣
غȻ̫ү˫ɣʵչĺꡣ
꣬ŵݳһ룬̷ʽȻϣǲ
һõǳɹйҶǵ̫ү˺ꡣ
һƬѪ𡪡꣬нˣȴҲӹ˵ͷȴӲӣһƫƫý֡
һھⳤͬŰֻۣżصĽһתɳȥɿ⣬ȵ˵ϡ
̫үĿ֮£Ϊ֮һ
ԭʮϸСģҶĴӣȴϲһ֮£ԷԶԼĸҪöࡣ
ŭ־ȴҲǰơ
һ˫ˣǰ̫ҵͷʽʱΪ߽֮⡣
̫үʢŭ֮£ֽһøСӣٿطȣΪƣͷǶֱżͷն£ȴںĽƣһ䡣
֪ӣԭΪơ
̫үͿһ⡣
һʽӥụ̆Ȼֵľ֮һһУһʽɹͻض𣬱ڴһ˲ȼָݵһһ֧ȹǡ
ڰмֱԿ塪һƼ磬Ϯǰüġ
سζϵһöȼϸȹǣ
ʱݣݣڶ֧֧ȹǣֱǰֱȡ̫ͻѨ
صڶλζϵסڶ֧ǩ
֧ǩɣڼʩʼʱƫл
ݣżؾӻ˳ȥ
Ǽÿ죬֧ǩԵҪ
ûУƤȴҲʹ
̫үۿԼֵĶǩȻδʤһ룬ǰΣǭ¿ȡʤ֮
ҹèǰعЦһֵͷһʽ죬ذοնȴѴ¥¥ȥ
غ޼ӣݵãô
һʽƴ£֮£һ衪ǰ¡
ǣһХѱ̫ү
ֻˮϺ꣬һ򶼹ƱˣݣȴûϵǰȻҲ˼ҵ֮С
ؼʩðΪһ֣ɾ͸Ÿ
էƿ죬̫үʩһʽļṦӲѿеӣ˳ߡ
ȴǴ⡣
ȻǼԭϵдһ֣ǰ£ԭȡ鷢̫үǲƣһҲûУһÿɾ˼صĵ
ö裬գһƫУô֮ϡ
ȵһ
Լعһǳ֣ȻδؾͰǻˣȴҲᡣ
ۿʳʮ֮׵ľųӥڿһת
ӾǶߵķݣࡪЮһƮֱ֮׹
̫үӣһģһĳ߰˲ȴ
ձģɣ
һӰʸҲƵķǰ
̫үǾ֮񣬾һƳ䣬ϳǰˣһС
չİӡ
ӵļʱȴǷ
紩ǰĻɣȡƽĽŲΪɡ
̫үѽһȴǺˣв̣һĵΪԷһ˫֣衣
һΡ
˵һ岨֮ͬ
ۣ˳Ź˫ƴ̫үټӣҲƵķ˳ȥ
ͨˤϡ
ͷȻ֪֮ƣԼǲǰͷٲŻӣ˳Īľ̫үҲƵһӴȴ˲úƣʩ֮͵
ȴҲֻڳ߰˳ԶͨԵ
ǰһʹо°ӣѣ˿Ҳ᲻𾢵һ֮£ųһ亹֪ΪԷһ˫ʷʵֶɢ
֪һˣǾڹĸ̵֣ȪԴȫڷԵȫһ֮Уۣ֮˴棬ɢһˣϢͬһ㱦
ǰ̫үһ°ΪԷɢܲΪ֮ɢ
ֻӣطһ̾
ʱһӰǰһںĳսͷϡ
̫үһԳһӣ̱
ȴһϡ̫ү
̫үѾ̧ͷϳˣ̫֮һл
һ˵ĵװ빬ӭսһţ߰һ쳤תú죬׵ƣǶ֣մһ߶бԳ֡
ӣ˲ϵ̫үȴ֪֮ꡣν̫˿ҵȻҲһٻеӦһչ˳ƣһֽţɱ˶һһãΪ̣˾ˡ
һһǣǸصĽˣͣټһأĸ˸ǧȻĴգȫ̫үһ˶ʹ̫үƣӦȻдԼĴΪΪ׽ʮþȵĵüƣʵԼڶԷ֮ˡ
ϡ̫үǡ
һƿɽлƺеŪ似տ̫ܵүڻǰ⸱ԣֱվҲƲܣ
죡ҡ
ֻ˵ôһ䣬̫ү̱
лŷ죬ƽռߵǶԷһЦǰԱģǵһο
ٺһЦŰ˫
ˣ
ִ˴ֻ۵̫үͱ𡭡
졭졭
лβ֪ǰ֮ΣֻǶԷͷƽλĿݣֱĿڶԼһǰᣬãɱɱ
ְ
һ٣԰̫үץ֣漴šݳת֮䣬⣬һĺ˴̫үӴһֱ۵Ҫ˹ȥ
֡ܡµ¿Ҫ˵Щˣ˽񡭡ҹ֮١ұǧΪꡭ
лضס˽ţ˵һ顪û
̫үһƼءðƽƽš
У˵ʱְΪԭ
ת֮ʣٲһʹ
ֵܡ̫үҹҡұǧΪ
Ͳҵˣ
⡭СС
̫үл˵ʲôϾͱٶһ˵˰ɣ
̫ү̾һ⣬ֿڴڣΪֵ㲹һ
˵ǻʳ
̫үһһΪ
лһЦ˵Ҿллˣ
˵ʱβתֳУһ߸ݣԽԺǽ֮⡣
лȷǹ졣
ȴ˱죬ǰһţǰͷ
Ʈһһɭɭĳѱǰ

³ͻȻԷˣֱһͻȻֵ顣ôǽãƫƫл죬ĵ
˫ԭǼġ
ΪˣһƿɽлԸųԾ
أ
ɲǣǰֽ꣬ջ֣Ϊ̫үһƻˮļôлһ֮£ֱɵˡ
Ծģȴϵ̫ү
㣿
˶סˡ
벻ɣ˵ˣ
ϵǿڳǱȶлɭɭĽʵ̫үҲչ˵ˡ
ӯڵˡȴÿһһöȹǷ̫үף˫Ϊӽöǩֱ׷ǰҪ
˭Ҳ벻¡
ԭ̫үˣһеȣȴʼϣסԼ֮ϸľȻҲδע⼰ˡ
ǰ龰һöȹǷǩʵȡҪǼصĽⲻǰ˵Ļ
šŭ̡
һһǡ֮̽ƣȴѰǰǩķϡ
һһƿɽл̫үƵֱżӪ롣
Ƿ
׷ϣб춯
ƫͷ̽һƬХ˺㡣వʲԭǼϸСʩչ֮ˣַɣһʵѵǰ
ǼöΪϸСĸ飬Էõָʩһöȫ崦Ѩλɴ
һ֮£ؼΪ֮Ȼ
Ϊⰵָ裬˵İȻʹ뵽һˡ
ʱ
ʹǰֵķʽҲһ֪Ǹûɲʱ֮⣬޶ˡ
벻ǰҲˡ
˾ǣȻֹԼ̫үļɱȴΪʲô
ǰƣ۸ӡ
Ȼһ˼Ĭ롣¶һʽ缲תˣϣ
УѰļöСС裬
ֻһлѱ̫ү١
ǹȻ죬Ӧ죬ظζ
ʹغȻȻǿ̲ɵġ
еʱԲ׷ŹڶηİƵָ裬ǰһ͸ХУ÷״ֱ
ؼ⼰ˣЩѶ˺
漴ʩڶΰϡ
ȴǣԷ٣ȻĴ򷨣Ƭ⻪˸Բ⣬չ֮С
һšɿ⡣һžž죬һưȫԺǽ֮ϡ
ȴһ컨갵ֵͬʱеʱȥ
˼ʮԣʱǲ֪Щ찵˺ԷֻΪֹض̫ү׷ɱԼԼĴ롣
ظϤ˶Է֮ҲֻͽȻ޿κΡ
лǹĺ
ͿǰӰƮ䣬ֳ˹ӿٵӡ
ǰƣȻشһк
Ӹ䣬һ·ٿٿ䣬żͶʮ⣬ǰƬս֮ء
ǰںһǰƬɽۡ
£ϰϰ
һéͤʱ˿̣ȴȵһԸš
ǰ̤룬غൽ
ͤȵˣǺЦúãǲˡ
˵ˣ񳣬޷˪ǸصĽˣķӦָǸΰӷˡ
֣ǻĪȴǺ֮
һͬ飬Ƶйս֮˫и˽չ
ֻźޣһԲĬĬһߡ
ͷǺЦСֵܣĪҪ٣ɵò϶ûҪƼأʱ֮Ҳ˷ˣвֻδκΣ
Ӻһ㵹˵ɣҪҵ˼β¸ˣϹ˫ᣬҲɲˡ
˵ȴٺЦګګ˵˲ȴû뵽ƮһţȻֽ֣ȴΪʲô
ͷЦһһἿΪ棬ű϶һպԸǣȴԻˮ㣬ö˵
˵ĵȴֻػɽ䣬һӰ޵ĵǰֳ˸ߴΰġ
֮һķǡ
ˣ
˵Ĺӣӭ˷ǣ߾ǿ˵û¡
ͤ
˿ʱ۰򣬺ҹ￴
ͷصô£
Ҫһ£ֱ˸첲ŹЦ˵̫ҽɢһЩͺˡ
Ӻһӡ
ϴŻӣ֮æȡӭһˡһղŷȾѪƲᡣ
ֺһǹӶģ
漴ȡҩͷҲǰϸ˼ۣ˵Ľ֣
ǿЦһ£û˵
һ濴ˣһü˵òᣬȴҪȰɰӶ޳ҩ漴̧֣ͷϰһǩز˴Ѩʱֹס˶Է˴ʹԳһССذףһԷɰӶ
ͷٺһЦ˵֣ˡʳϣ´һҪ
ǿżЦЦ˵һͽסǸϹȴ֪ϻһ˻ǹ
ͷ˵ԭ
ôǣǷ޷޵˵ͬˣɱĸţȴҲϴһ
ΪҩЦǸ㿴ֵһ谵ҵƣټһڴɰˣ
תͷţһǻƮĴнͣҪǣֻϺҲˡ
ͷͷ˵֪һʱѾͷҲˣлˣ
ӺһһǸ൱棬һξȻǰ̬ҲáưɣҪ¹˭֣
˵ĵѶذףȴѱõҩΪ˴һ飬ȡȸΪǰ׵
ȴһ仰Ҳ˵˻ӣͤǡ
ǰˣһֶԵУ˵Ѳİֻȴ˽ô٣һ⣬˵֪
ԣٴԷ˿֮ʱĿｻ֯ǿҵĻĪֻǶԷԸ˵һУҲѯʡ
ӿЦһ˵ǼԭָܽǸϺ꣬ҲΪֵһڶ˭֪³⣬ˡ
ͷһͷδ߲Ǻ󻼣ôһԺٸҪ붯ɾˡ
ӵҲһʹ˸аҪȻм֮ʱ
˵˵ȴҲ˲Ƥûиһأҿ¶
ʱ֮ڣǴɲٶǣԷſֶԸˡ
ͷֺһҪǸСӵˣΪ̫Ư֪Ǵʲộ
⻹ףǷ޷޵صʵǣǣɽۻˮ㡣
ӵͷˣֻȴҲҪˣ𲢲ֻǶԸǣҲһ
ЦһףСµ̫࣬ʱǸѾͷ˵Ǹһһĸ֣ղҶһƣ治Ṧ
ͷһЦصһ㣬ϵܿɱǶҪöˣǲǣ
ȻռΪʱܣѺƮ¥֮£ΪʿϤ֪ǰ͸ڻˡ
ô˵ԲٱֳĬ΢΢һЦͷ˵òλ﹦ߣǲӡ
϶ЦֹǹߣҲҡѾͷԸСӸһ֣һϵӦҲ
˵øӡǶЦˡ
زһ죬ʱ˽ԡͷǶ֮ʲôɸ˵ƵģܲڶԷͷߣ˷жڼȴǲ㷢ײֻ俴һۣû˵
ͷȴ񲻴飬бһ˫ӣٺЦôţ⻰˵ˣҪɱ㣬Сֵܣͻˡ
زõǰ⻰ʲô˼
ͷʲô˼˼ˡ
طȻɫҲ飡̲סʯһơ
Ӵͷһ˫üëҸӣҡͷһЦӵƢϼ£ɲõ
ɲסҲǺЦ
ƺ«Ҳôˡ˵ʱһ˫µµڼһתЦصҪ㣬Ҳ᲻ڣܳˣһ˵Ҳˡ
һ٣ֽӵ֮ǰ̩ɽճ˼ˣֵԭһ֮־ͬϣʲô˵ģ
νļϵָǼˡ
էȻ˸׵ѶϢضʱΪ֮һϲ
ͷͷЦ˰ɣǶ£ͷӵĻ
д󣬲ɱȭǣ
ͷһЦ¶ݵҪˡ
ˣ˵ϸһϲֵҵֻûΪ棬ıϴȴǲӦİѵף
ôһ˵Ȼˡ
תͷȭô˵±ǲݵ̫ңشˣ
̩ͷٺЦͶˣɲҵϸɣ漴³·ʣʵۼ书رȴΪôһ֪˶ٴƿν˹ػԿһ㲻١
ЦһֵԶĲ˵úǸϴƽ˵ɣҪʢۣܻ֮ʹɥ˵ƵƵ̾Ϣѡ֪ǲݵ̫ңʱΪ֮ʣΪԷҲԼܸ׹ݷõĳ֮һ벻ȴȻ˾ȴżȻԭڶԷ֮С
͸ǵĽܣȴҲ֪˹й֣ͬö죬˼ȴű߼ʡ
뷽λ֣ӦڽʵȴľȻز¶ˣԼգһӽύˣͬ飬ͬģֿ壬︴ңӦһɲĮӵǿ뵽ش˷ܣʱһɥΪ֮ö⡣
֮Уȥ֮⣬ضˣӦѮ֮⣬ճӦǰ֮Ƕ˱ͻݣ˵ʲôҲԳԾӡ
ǸǼֲɵػãһĿҲһǻֵƵĺãСģ۰ɣ
̫޳ɣá
ͷҪãͬ㣬ȴûн֮ף˼ģǾһݣʡȥһ׷ףǽΪ֮ðɣ
һʱϲֻ̫ҼǸִƾЩףһʱٳٲ
ô㲻Ը⣿
Ц˵вԸֻ֮ǡ
̫ҹЦֻǸʲô϶ãɣҳճ꣬ͷϴ󡣡
ǸԱΪ̫ʮӳʮжʮᣬŶʮ꣬ۡ
ǹЦҸƵúúһ٣ףǵĽ֮á
̫ҡͷ˲УԺɡ
漴תصΪ֮ãȴҲһ𣬸æߵۣɢߵɢźá
⻰Ҿ͵һУȴǵ鲻áϴͬһ
̫һ㶣ȥﱸˣ
ӵͷЦȻ֮£ӣ
һڵλ˵ǡ
̫ҵҲ֪սֲ̻أĴ°ȱȱãĴļ϶Ϊ˳٣ȷʵû
֮£ǰλֲΪ䲻ƣôһ˵ףԭĻ֣һʯͷ¡
ϲɫء˱ȭȻˣСԸ׷β֮Ծɺã
ӿ̫һۣЦҡͷУԼ£ôˣ
һ
ǵæǵģǸǵģȴҪῴǰԼ֪ŹǱ߳㣬Ƕأ
ʱǰ飬ʹ򼰣ʱֱԵ֪ȻָǾŹ֮£΢΢һ졣
˵һ·֮ϣŹ֮˽ܲվ飬䵱ѱ֮󣬸еʳѰ֮⣬ٲһ˽ȴǲ֪ԼⷬأΪλ֪ǷΪˣصԼ£ȴѰζö֪·ôһ˵ãѣм־ִٲ
⹬ӵһֻ֣ļϣСӣ·㲻ɣ廹ϵˣ˿һæҲﲻϣͬȻ𣬿²˳أ
عҲ޻˵
ŹǴʧ䣬Բ˾ȻأȻ岻ݴǣûп
ǵҪУǸϺˣһȴǲӡ
̫ҵͷ书ˣȱͷѷɫ٣Ƕıֻҹľò¶֪ճأǵҪһ
˵ʱվ
ǵǾҪߣ
̫ҵǾʹ˸ɣ
ӿ˼һۣԭЩתһ·ᣬͬУƿɷġ
վ˵أ̫ͬת뿪 







 

  
ڶʮء廹ϵ 

شҪͣǵԼֵܣòſǵҪúһ²ǡ
Ⱥţ̸ЦΪ֪ɳԡ
Ǵʵ˵廪ɽȾŹ·㲻ɣ²˳٣ȴҲ֮ܲԭһ֮ȴ˵ˡ˵ô£ײ󷽱㡭
ɻŵŹ廪ɽ
Ӧôˡһ½֪廪ɽǹṦ˵ӦǼϾŹɾ鷳
صͷ˵ϵǣȴҪزźá
ǵң֮ƣҪһĲ֣ʱǸѾͷĵΪж෽塣
ĬĬͷǣԸһ棬ȲʤȯǼƮһˣɡʱһɸֵĴн֣ͼıɾǷбʤİˡ
ҷǵļʱտ似ƿɱ˴˴һŹһսϣ¹˭ְɣ
ջͶﶥײ֮㲻߶Ҳø徲
ʵ˭꣬Ըƾոֻ˸һģ£гѷɡ
̫Ѳ̫ȡ̶̹Щɢµ¥ŮæԶ˰ΣԺ档
Ժ죬һɣ
жʮ꣬ĸӣСС۾ǿȥס
ƽض࣬ųѧϰ˱үǸ֮⣬һжź˵Ĺء
߻ʵԶʵ廪ɽɵʵ۹ԺšΣ͢
پǰ˸һ۽һѼ棬ǹƽԵģȻһСתȦƤ
˭˳ֻۣ⣬ദЩʱգ˴˶ͶԵ
ҲܲԹɫ˵Щ֪Ļû˶ʱ򣬸Ͷ϶Է⣬빫һǿ
ɣ¡
漴õһֻˮȥٽӹҧһڣб۾ͷʮ˵š𣡡
飬˵ǾģصССˮٲ˵ӣ
ٿЦһ£ЩӣҺãҪȻȥ
ͱ˵Щˣ˵˻ܵͼʲôģ֦ҶӣɱԼ̣ˡ
ҿһ£ͽˣС˵м¶Ų֪
ʲô£
ǡСˣܿǸ̫ү˸ˣ˵ÿˣûˣ
ٿ۾ǸϢһ˿Цϣʲôʱ飬ô֪ģ
֪˵ˣԸ÷԰ţһʹδ򣬿˵òᡣ
˵ֻһˣǸıүҲ˸첲û̫үôˡ
ﶯһ֪˭ô¶
ǾͲˡ˭Ҳû˵˵Ϊ£츮Ļ̻̣ЩӱкЩǹأ
ûȴ㣺ĪǼأԭûߣ
ôûѶϢֻ뿪ͶǱȥˣһֱغԼûз
ͻȻһӸĹ裬յľɥΪ֮һɨա
ҪһʣȴֻԹʯ߹һӰ
ﶪģЩĸ˼ҡ
һæԸ˹ȥ
ٿûͷǆ£վմҪתݣɾִҴҵ˻
ȵȣȵȡ
ͣô£
ǶԺġ²£˭
˭
ˣ
һ֮󣬲ʤص˵ԲԲ
ЦЦǣZû˸ôƺZ
һZ֣ȴǴ崫ǳߵĳƺʹáɼ󣬶Ҵձҡ
ʢɽأĹ£Ȼʹ𿪳ɽǸؼԲԲ˿ڡŮ֮Ҳ˼ͬ飬ΣԲԲ֮ȴΪ϶
Ůˣ˹Ȼһ룬Ů˺γûһ÷ݵĳ嶯رЩԭǺŮӣ֮΢Բڻ¡
ڳԲԲٲЩҧгݣͬ飬ϣϹһŮãرԲԲһյ¥ŮӣֻǿȨշתһѣίᣬΪƽ϶ĪıȴһƹĴñӣǿͷϣΪǧ˳Ц̹˵ǲƽġ
ʹٶͬǣйӵһ˵˵ʵôǴ󳹴ͻˡ
ٵ۾ǰһٳͶӹȥڶഩ촩ϣӰ߻۵ضǸصϡ
ǳԲԲ
ԲԲأƮƮǰ
ЩŽ壬ӵߵĻŮǹŮ١Ů澣޻䣬ȴǶôƣԭһֻ¹ڲ˵簡
ԲԲվ˽ŲȻܵһŮ١ŮҲվס
ٺʵӣһ̶̵̣һ˫Ŀ¶̬֮Ǳ˴ĽէȻĿãһĲġ
漴ԲԲ̧֣ǰһɴľݣ͸ǰɴ֣ʵѺ֮һϼȥްۣ˶ɱţƷˡ
ٶڳԲԲȻĴϣԲԲֺγȻ
ʵϣλʵ۵ãͷ֮ʢ׹̲ԣʹζΪŹӵȤţ˻ӰഫСԳԲԲǲİˡ
һ˫Ŀ⻥ԲԲϲԽһ˿΢Ц˵˾ʲôһλŮٿ϶֤ʵǰŮǾŹ
һŹԵǰųԲԲ˸򸣣Ｊ顣
ԲԲһ䣺ǾŹ
ӦһȴԲԲǰһ橰ݵ檳ԲԲμ򸣡
ͻȻľֹǵ⣬һŮ١ҲоȡôҲû뵽Խƽ֮𣬾Ȼһ˹д˴ȴʼδ
΢΢һ漴ǰԷס
Ҫҿɵ𡭡˵ʱһ˫Ĵ۾µµڶԷһת΢Ц̵˵ǳԲԲ
ԲԲһЦףǽȥ˵
ٵͷ˵ã
ײ֮󣬳ԲԲԸȳȥҲԸǶҪ̸Щ强
ȥʱְѵ񻨵ȸŹϣһʱֻʣˣ
˸µţʱһߵͷ΢͸һĨƣһƬձȾüѤʱЩС磬򳨿ŵĴ촵ͽ
١ԲԲһ˶һ̸֮󣬾Ե쳣硣
ĵˣȲùͣ껪δӻأ
ԲԲԵ˵ţ׾ϣԽһįˣ˵
ģһ˵ʵľתƵġһ˵ѾˣţҲûһ˼ӦúúϧԼԶһġҵһʵһʼѾע˱һҲֵ
΢΢һЦ˵һԼȫԼĹȥ֤Ѿµʼô˵㻹ģ
˵лл㣡ԲԲ̾һĺƯ
еĻҪƯ֪Ϊʲôһֱû뿪ԭˡ
ٿһۣû˵
ʵγģֻԼƶΪܲղΪ־塣
˳ԲԲĻͷܾûпĬһᣬ̧ͷ
Ȼֻ峺۹⣬Էš
ԲԲȴҲѩ
㡭ƻȻصšˣҿɲΪ˵ġԲԲһ˫۾˶ٵֿˣ΢΢̾˿˵ϣһŮҪػȥǶôסһŮˣǾ͸ˡ
ҡҡͷȴҲδء
̫ᣬϵգرŮˣ壬΢һСģͻȦףźԡҪرСġ
ѵپصʲôϢ
ԲԲ˵үҪһֻʤ
һ
ԲԲ˵һλȨأܲЩͿ£ȴϣٴȥˡǶԹ㣬̫Ӧˣ
صʲô
ԲԲĬĬؿɫԣ㵱Ȼûźģ˵ǸձģΪؽ򣬰ˡ
ٴһʵ⣬γûֻǴ˿̾ԲԲ˵ƺ̺⣬ԼʱĴһµǡ
м仰Ҫ㡭ԲԲͬ飬Ȼŵˣ
㵽벻ȥУȥԺʲô㣿
ٿЦһ£Щʲôѵҳȥ
ԲԲصЦһЦվ˵ɣһסƵúܣҴ㵽ȥ
ټȻת˻⣬ûֱӻشԼ⣬һĻ
˫ֻǵһμ棬ȴͶԵֱģԷһƬģٶɡô˵漴ȻӦ
ԲԲ漴˵Ҫͬߣȥѹȡ
Ӧһȴٳٲǰ
һͱˣȥɣ
ԭŹƾסɣʵΧʵޣвأ֪鲻ѵøϵֻǰгεȻͬӦһ¥ȡٵ硢ñ
ǰһ˿ң洹бɴģǱ¡ʹʢյգܲʹֱ䣬®ɽ֮ģǿΡ
ԲԲͷЦ޵˵ʱཫɴͬ⻺߳
ŮǰУӵһʹӣĿ
ţ˶Ժӡ
һƬ滨СĻʯ¥ǳԲԲסĵطˡ
ٺȻһվסŲǾȵԲԲţס
ԲԲԵһͷѸ˵ǰסĵطѽ
ʲô
ո󣿡
˵ʱ˷ܵתʯ¥棬һ˫۾ƵƵתʲô
ԲԲǻ֪廪ɽԭʵ۵ı𹬣һʱоȡ
ǿңЦһָ㿴
ոһһ֮䣬ȴһ֣Ϊչۡ
ٵͷ˵ˣ
תԲԲô˵Ĵ˵ˣĳһŮʿ
ԲԲ˵һ룡˵ֻǰʿڳĹҵյ档ûеԲҲ˵ҹȥ̫ˡֱһƹԵǷ֮󣬲ʸһ޵ĵʿ
΢΢һЦǰ٣춼Ϊ󡢵棬ȻڻҵӦϣ
ң
ţԲԲ漴ֳ˻⣬㻹ûиңΪʲôǰס
Ϊ廪ɽԭҵļң
ǰѵƽľ˵˸ţԲԲŻȻ
ԭˡԲԲҡͷ˵һ̾һǻǷǵһУԳˡ
ҡҡͷ˵ⲻ¡
ԲԲ͸ϵıɴһ£ǽȥ
ǰסոһж˵ϤҲһһ˸顣ڳԲԲ֮£һȦŽ漴֣ջãѸӡ
һʮĵۡ
һϮᣣĽᷨ壬ܸ˰ɵľ񣬹裬šԲԲλǰʾϴǦĳΪŹȥжˡ
ҵĲΰʽͬţûôľɶĵΪȴƽϷҪϣһ֮СչȴһɾͣʮڣǱĬԼ书ˡ
ЩһϲͨȴҲųνĴڣ𾴷ɾɣһžǪģǺõġųԲԲһݣ˺澲ҡ
˫ɴ
ԲԲ˵벻ǻ۸ˣƾһ㣬Ҳῴ㣬
ٿЩãȻ̲סĻ̹֮׵ظҰɣͿˣ
ԲԲһЦ漴վ˼ס֮ٲ˵ĺȻ롣ٻ£ſʼҪ˵ĻȥԸ𣿡
ңһϲһ᲻Ը⣿
ֱ˵Ҫ˵ôȷʲôʱ򣿡
Ȼǽ죬Ҳˣ渵Ժ󣬱°˺ţǧٳ֮գĳۣһܴʢᣬÿʱ򣬶гǧĽѣɸǰμӣʱҲȥһ취ԸĻһܺõ߻ᡭ
˵Ҹһȥ
ԲԲһͷ
ã
۾һһʱüЦΪ֮ϲ棺ôȥ
ҪˣԲԲһ˵ʱͷһüë㵱ȻӸȥңʵ˵һûӸҸүȻԡ
˼
װԲԲҪ޷죬˭Ҳ֪źã
˵ļƻõٵȫͬ
˷ܡһҹûܱ۾
Ϣ͸¶ȥϣܹ֪ܺԼһ档ǲܵģΪȻǸաԼҲûа취ϢݳȥοǾԵĻܣκ֪
ȻˣȻţζͼؼӲԶˣ
Ůװ£ٳȻ졣ȥԾŹ֮һΪŹӣ޷죬ܳһʱգΪ˷ҲͲںǰһĻʱʹˡ
峺ĸ߹ҡһΪǰСµ͸ŹŹ֣Źֱ֣ơ
ŹǹŹ֣ҲƣΣĿȴǴﵽˡ
쳤ʢ֡⼷ˣɵĵʲô˵ģ
˵ᳵӣ̿ԣײͬһѰգʮױʿɢķбųİΣ
һԲԲǷУһٵعȥǽӽԴǸС˽ȥ
һ׺룬߹ڵϵŷվһŰϡķƣÿһǰˣϵ˶ķԵطɨһ£ɨˣ޲ϲ棬Ϊҡ
ԣر࣬һӡ
ԲԲأͬںܶḾŮһһɴȽߵСٿɾԵûöˡ
ʲôնСһ˫۾
˳ԲԲ˵˵ǻ㻯Ե࣬ȥ԰ɣ
ٵͷ˵ã
ҪתԲԲȴץסһֻ֣һ಼С˹ȥ¡𿴣һǣ
һЩӣĿ࡭ðɡԲԲ˺ӣأټɣ
һ䣬׹ǰǹؼʱ̣Ҫˣһᣬӿ𡪡ֻƸоţ໰ҪԷ˵ȴ˳ӵһӾͰǸ忪ˡ
ʩȫľӾƵļ˶棬ȴҲȥǸϵʿķϴˡ
پԻͷȺųԲԲﻹӰӣһ˲䣬ֻ˵Ļ֣̿֡
֪Լ˷ɹˡͨͨѣһ˷֮󣬴֮ޱȵĹµ¡ô⻹ǵһ䵥ٵһУûб˴ΪޣȫÿԼˡ˺ããȴǺȥδӣɲǼ䣬
ٵʱֻͷϺһһʱ巢Ϊ֮á
һʧǣ˼ȥͿһۡȴһƼ渡ɴĳ¹Բ͸һϮɴԲԲȴҲƼ
ֻ۾Եһټ˵Ҫ˳ǶԷԲԲһ˫ȴֻʶģٲ࿴һۣԵͷԶԶȥˡ
漴һԼǷ·СѾԼԭְλˡΪ˽յ͵ҴԲԲ΢ǸԭСʹˣæҵĵٳһһϵǡô޷죬һ۷ƭһеĶĿ 







 

  
ڶʮء̲ʹ˳ 

˳ֻۣյգʱԼĪδʱҡ
һţ̶֮ٲƴǰԼĴĿããȥӣһµǡ
һ䲻ƻ̻Ȼɥ֮ȮȴҲƣȥŮװҲĴҴȴȫͬʱʹ㣬бΪԼһУסꡢԷ·òԼģοɾʹͬһжÿԼˡ
ңҪǣȥӣ
ǰһǵվŹӵװ磬Ҳʮע⣬½ĳ׾֮㣬Ϊ֮ʦȥһҲס
죬ڳʢԵʣԵر࣬ƽŵĹϱᣬЯףȫˣСò֡
˳ŽֱĿĻߣһ˶ǰվסֻԷһߣøɫ棬ϴͣ˲Ϣ֮䣬ɸʲҹСع޲̬ƣΩΩФ
پʮϡһ˺üȻ˼һƣһģһư˲ɫϣźˡ
֣ǰһˡ
̲סͣ
ǰθΪȤȴߵģлߡ
ټЦ˳ǲˡ
лӲ˵һڣ๸һλȴе㲻ͬڹݵһǷ糾ζأȴǲ๸һϮҰ׳£ȷ°ٽᣬҲɾüϸۣīȾһͷԷ׶٣磬ȴøҶɽ٣붥ϵȥײ࣬ȴȤ
ϥһűĲϯϣǰвͣȴһһߣֱɶ֮ڻγһ·ѣ˺˫һ·Σ£òˡһԸɫ·˶һ㣬һζϣ⣬ȴһ˫ӣƶֻȺѲѡ
ʳʽͳȵ˻رܣʹ뿴ϸ֣ҲǲףȽеüһʱֱۣԽΪ֮ȫע
ߵĺһ˫ϸ۾ƹˣɨͻԻתϣƶ
۾ȫͶעϣһ侪գۿźߣֱ·һۣһ·ֱϣɫĳߣһԽס˺ںӵĲһߣҲѲסұۣţֱɡ
˾㾪ý
Ҳֱۡ
ӺٺһЦüһ
ȴ˫ֶָ̧һѷֱסߵߴ֮ų硢ҡֻһ£Ѱѿߵľ
ﱬҲƵķ׷׽
Լþգ漴һ˫ѵĶ߷һ˫߹֮С
δƺУһš
һ˫۾ϴת˸̵ص
Ϸǣʱ磬»ŶƤȳԱ˷Ϣһ£ٸλɣ˵ʱ¹Ҿǽǰһݡ
ٷԿζֻˣЩʧſվһɢ
һ䡰ƤˡȻ뵽ڣûгԷһ̾;˶
ǰ˰֣ȴһĹӣڳһӹԵߣɵúܣǰһҡ
겻ȴⲻ񣬵С֡
׷ۡӵȸСԡЩڹʱԹܶθڣǰӼãʱװΪж֮ǣҡ
һ˽׷ۣӣһһ٣һˣżʮģ˵Ҫ
ԭŲӣ;̫үȫǼѴΪ𣬴˷ֻ÷ųԲԲ͵һ±˴һҫۣнԪԪĸһ飬ʲܼʮ֮࣬顣
ԲԲ֣ʹǮҲԼ֡࣬һʱ鼱ҲץܹճЩǴס
ԲԲЩ⣬Ըмһȡ֧пһȴ֪պǷܼˣ
żһ̧ͷһֱü۵š
磬ڵ塣ǸղյǸӣȴǲȻ
ѳԱŸǩţһ˫۾ע⵽٣һĿԣЦ¶һΪѬ˵ݡ
ٻŲ۾ƿһԣһʱֱͨ
Դһα̫үܣԿϵ֮ѳ˾֮񣬺οڵһˣвأԷӣֻƾ˫ۣɶǸö
ٲҶ࿴һۣҴվˡ
ȥأҸջס˵ת룬˵ʱƽѾԼʧһ£鲼ԼɵСŵӿǰһƫƧСźá
ǰһƬǵء
ʱգˬκ֮ʱźߵ̰һ̣Ƿ羰׳ۣȴ᲻һЩͷƣȴǰ֮¼ˣһɿڡ
вӪɴ⡣˩ֽϱȥˮڸ
ֻҪ뿪ͺãȥ
ٷҪһ裬ûüȣˣȥԹڵģÿ˶ģλļӱ
ǹܿٶˣһװһˡ
ɵ࣬ǮҪλȴֻʮ˸Աߵλ£һŽྻʿž飬ζصͷţŰȣ°һ縺ںмʿķɡ
νʴӣһ˫۾֪䣬ɴġ
ֻǶԽ˰ȴҲ˸ʱŵ˶԰ʱǻƻʱ֡
һƥССĴϣֱǰۡ
ԭЩƥΪջסջ˽ĿĵֻǿջƲʧ
һ·ۼˣɲطģмȻڰҡҡλΣԺҪ˯ˡУ죬һ۶ۿѳԽǰ
СһɳƣȴŨĴ
һѣŲס֡ȴȲԾ𣬺һưƮͷӹ࣡Ƿ׹ǰ֣̽۵һѣץסĽСܾ֮£ХһȴԶԷϾӲӸһʱֱұģȴֻ֡
է֮£һˤ״Էˡԭǰֵ֮ˡ
㣿Ҫʲô֮Уǰж߳ȼִ࣬Ůʮ㡣
ӹһЦͶˡ
˵ʱӲ˴ߣһǱ븽ϡ֡
ˡ˵Ĳͼѿɶ϶پ֮УҲʵ˶ޣֱԷȥ
ȰȰȡұ꣬ȫ
ȴûֻǻͷַһٳ򣬶Ҳ㡣
ټֿ֣¾飬һҲˣҲˣԷȻֻǿٺЦѡ
Źͱˣʡɣ
һ֮£ͣס֣ü㡭˭˵
ӹЦһصͲضˡڴ˵ŹӾǲţ㱻Ҹȵˣûʲô˵ģ͸߰ɣ˵ʱһЦ֣ץ
һңһţֱԷ
һԴ˿
ȴһƲȣһµˤתܡ
ӱһ˫첲ںţʱسЦӶԷΪʲȫزġ
ǰһƬϡɼľ֣ռؼȴһƬɽ£ɫ䲻̡
ٷ񱼣һ̣վסŲͷʱԷݵӰȻ
ܲ˵ģŹİɣһ˵漴˹
ٰѽһܣ°һͨˤϣȴطֵǰһ˫šֻǸӳǰͷˣ
̧ͷһȴǵġ
Ӱ涣ռ޳ӣ°ɫһϮӳ°һ縺룬״ңʵһ˫ӣ˲Ҳ˲ֱǰš
һȻǷŶɺͬǸʿȴ֪ôȻͷٿǸҲˡ
˫ĿӣƺէȻһĵѽסҲתơ
ͻȻķ֣ʹһ漴ˡһʯͷŷ
һͷĵԭˣжϣŲֻ͸˴Ե۾ɲ֪˲оȣ벻ڴΣһȴǰǡ
°׳ˣһ䣬˸мȻǰȴ˵ʱ򣬻ŲһµɵϷһߡ
ȵƣһʱΪ⡣Ȼ˫ߣ⣬֮£õҶת
˼ʮ½Ųһ´ĿѲȴųܾԸˡ
Զ̲סһԷȥ͸۾治֪ԷʲôϷ
ֻҶХѼŴת̶䣬ȻˢرɢΪҶ
ʵӰվһҶ֮䡣
ôĹ򣡡˵ĳӣĿɭȴǾб֮ơ
΢٣漴ǰ̤һϴһ˿Цݣһֽɫôţ򱧲ƽһţ¾仰ɣ¶
ѲȻʶԷķǱѰ
ʿ΢תµһۣӣڻش
Ӿâֵһ˫ӣ˲Ҳ˲ţڵĻػɫмֲ͡
ʿŻ˵Ǵ򱧲ƽɡһԵľŹָһָҪŹ뿪
ﺬŨĽϿٳƮƮ£º룬ȻмʿšȻɲеʿ䲻ôΪ
ƾʲôӻһֺŰɣ
ǵأ˻̧֣һ縺룬һû䵽գòűʲôֺţûв´ʢɣ
һ
ʢС˵ȥн񳯵ʳӦùϲ㣬ϴ֣Ͷˡ
㡭һƬڳϡôҲû뵽ԼУԷ䣬͸
;ˡ
ʢСһ֮ˣɱʲôҲٶ˵ˣһЦӥţͶˣõǴģãҵġ
𡣺ӥƵǰ
϶˶ԷĲǺ룬ʢСٲ飬ʮָй˫֮£ǼӲҲܶ
˵ֵ٣ʮֱָȥƾ졣ָδȾһƬ񾢷磬ȴȻһ
˵һ˫ƣͻһֻչİ׺ף˵ֺֻȻֶʢСӸҪһ˫֣ҲƵʢСֻ
ʲô޿κΣ
ʢСϽУֻ˲ɣԼ˫Ѳŭһĵذ̽˫ֺسԷʿˣǰ̤һƼ죬ӰΡ
һƬӰŰ˷֣ʢС
δ١
ʢСذԷһֻ֣ȴٿ淭צҲƵһץ˹
ʢСȻһδһƬ£ѱԷָץ
ʢķǱȵֺ֮ѰƫƫʿǾˣָʩ֮£޼᲻ݡָ͸֮£ڶԷʵļͷѪۣ֮ˣȴҲʹѵ
ʢС۵õһһص
ʿһе֣ٻЦһƣ͵ǰһڣӰΡ
ʢСȻһֱĵأ漴˶Էɵһֻ֣ǲ
ۣһ߼ࡣ
ʢСһֻһȣŰ˷ƣ߰˳߸£һ׹ϡ
һƹ̣˷ǵСʢСֱվȣһģһɣδȴǲˡ
㡭СӡáŲ˵⼸֣һѪһźʱѩİףӣһӾ·Ϊɵг˹ͷƣվסʱҪ̱
һ˿м΢ЦʾڰϣԼֲֺҲǻʳʮͷӥԸΪ񣬺ٻҵⱨӦʱ򣡡
ĺɫ״ʱ˵һֻ̧֣һ縺ϣһ˫ȻЦ۾ƣԵòŭ
ȽһĻʳʮӥ֮һʢСɾίҡ
ֻ˲ϢĵʢСΪ͸׵ϸֳһƬ飬ȫشһƬ㡭˭Ϊע⡣
ڻ°ϵһ縺룺ǾˣǼǳ鲻˾͸С
Цʮصѵʱû˸껨Īժô
ʢСһһ˫ʧ۾գѡֺڵ·ңΪʳЧԲһүǰªš
һ껨Īժ˵ǺȴҲʹ˴ʱɡ
ޡʢС۾Ī㡭Ʈ㡭šģ
˹һЦÿɷغһ
ĺɫ뵣ػء
һϮ°׳£ֹһεΪƾ󿪺¶ɫ˿ʳ£ǲšȴһ֦Ҷ軨ƺ˵˴Ʈɵĳ֣ȴʢСδˡ
ҷɻ֣ǣʮ֮ڣܵҽΣл֮ҪȻֻʮӥ겻ǹԹ԰ؼĺã˵⼸仰ٲתȥ
ʢСߣŭһ²ǰԵػʣ²ʡ
˳ƮƮһ·ߣۿǰһֻ۾Էš
˫һ򶷣ٿʮһ书Ȼ˵á
书һţνһϲֻͨؽȴҲÿÿ˼ʶ˾ھ֮䣬ƷǸӣɴݣֹɢ̬ǵУΪơ
ǰ˽һʱŻʣŵæ
ȥʱĶĽգʹֱҶκԻ롣˼⣬ƺÿһӽԼ˶ͼǰˣ˭֪ǺξģʵóȻڨ
ȴ֪һ·߹Ҳ࿴һۣ߲ﳤȥ
ԶԶȥ֮󣬲
ĺɫϮˡ
һֻɵؽһĳԭǾ֮񣬵һţֱŵþһŲٲܡһ˼ٲ۵ýԽľǹŹ֣ӰǰȾɷ
ֻãԷ˳Ȼǿˡ
һ֮ˣĿĹˣԽǲԷӰʱȣ漴ܣͣͣһĲ̻̺ɥ֮ȮһҪ˳
Ƭռزһ̣ľ裬ǰ㿴˿տء
֣ǰһպĺտտһˡ
پȥȴҲض
ͿһЦô
ѭ˾ߡ
һ˹Ƶһ˫۾˲Ҳ˲ֱţߣپûпΪԷƣԲ֪λشźãһʱֻؿŶԷ
˺һΣ㿴ˣҪҼʱ㣬Ǹ˵Է˵Ҳ㻹֪
ҡһͷ
˵һˣҲ˵̫ү֪
ٶʱһŵúһ
ܻ᲻ʶҪԼ䵽ⲽأէȻ̫үĸ֣ҲԾС
˿΢΢һЦԽӵɷģ̫үѱ˴ˡ
Ϊ˿
һţ˭ôҵ֪ô
˲ֽȥҪ˵ǣղǸʢģ̫үֵµˣһ·ģһٺ١һݽ⵽˱ɾͲôˡ
һ㡭˭
ࡪྩ࣡˵ʱѻٲǰ
˺һ
ְһ£վסòź£ҪǶĴ治Ҳȵڲˣôǲң
ҲǣοԷԼĶˡٿԷһ˹ģȴҲˡ֮ǰѲ˼˵ʶͬ·Ҳδָ֪ܽ㣬˼أǺã
дһٲͣԷŴˡ¿ǸεصԲ𡭡ллղžҡ
һЦˣҪȥ
Ҵһۣҵܶˡ
İһЦ˵˵ģǲôһָƥϵֱ߲Զ
˵ͷЦҲҪסҿջǾһȥɣ˵꣬תȥںٿ֮һԼղųƥСֻΪʧˣȴ֪Է˼ϸȻע⼰ˣѵá
һ֣һЦһ𣬷㲻٣ͷ֪ˡ
Ǿȥָֻյа֮һ淭ϺЦʵΪʲô
˻ȴǺЦ
ٲĹ˼ɣԼ˲١
ĶˣһǰģȻĪȴҲֹпϣᡣİҪһЧ˵ʱ֣Ӧٺòһ̣ۺЧΣٶȡᡣ
⣬ٸƶһԲ߶ڶԷ
˾ֹݣḡ
һŮߣʧεˣ˱б˵ƺѰѶԷ˸͸
է֮£һٿסһ£ǰС
΢΢һЦ˵ԭҲƳˣ
һЦǻ˵㿴˵ʱҾͷˣʢ׺㣬ȴ׺ֻôɵô
û˵м
˵廪ɽϣȴôᱻ˳
ٰţ˹Ȼ֪Ϥ壬ұ廪ɽҲ֪ˣԭʵʵ˵ת룬˼ɷй˳ԲԲ
ˣֺαضʣ
һӣûг
ٺȻסǰæҲͣס쿴
˵˰죬ֶ֪ȴ֪̫ƽˡ
ţȴֱųһ䣬ҲҲǸ˰ɣ
˹һЦ㿴أ
һ˫۾תһתҡҡͷ˵ǲ񣬿˭֪أͷĶˣƤѻǣ֪֪治֪ġ㿴Ǹòõһ˲ģ˭֪ЦڡɥĲأ
΢΢׵˵һ㱣֤Ҿ𣡡
ϻ
ҵ˼Ǿڵ£
ӣ˵ˣʲô֣Ǹʲôģ
˺һʲôʱˣŹļӣҿɲһס
˵յͷߡ
šһ޿κεӣ̾˿Ҵˣû㣬ǻˡ
һ³üЦ˵۵ﲡһµıҪ
ô˵
ٸ˵ɣ٩٩ۣ˵ɣǵȻʮĻˣ˵ö֮峯ĻңȴĹ˲õĺˣ⻹Ǵ̸֮֮ĶԹԹɾ͸ˣ˻˵۵ǶԲã
һصô˵ûƶ֮ˣ
ȴҲô˵˵˵֮˵ƶ񣬾ԣˣΪΪҲɲԼעɾǣ˷ҵӦ֮˵ˡ
ҡҡͷ˵˵̫ϡԵȫһ˵ĺŬõѧ޵ء
ʶʥ飬п֮Ϊʲôһƶڰ׶ֲǿһˡ
İ˷һЦưصһ׵ѧʰɣֻ۵һն˵˵ȥҸղŵ仰˵ĺûȫԾʲôѧʣƨ磬һ¼ӣ飬һ֮ΪֶΡһȣʷӶ಻ʤ㣬Ҳ壬Щٺ٣ǲҲաԹߺԹԭˣʲô˵ģ΢٣漴ִЦ
ԭΪǸ˹֪仰һڣԳĲʣһʱ֮䣬ٿǺηˡ
ۣⷬȻ޵ȴʧ֮ƫ飬Υʺģ˵ĺŬӦǿǱĬӶ㣬ճ֮ġ
ֻǰȴ̸Щʱ벻Լһ˻ˣ˶Էһƪۣ͸˶Էһ۵Ҳ˽⵽˵һЩΪˡǾǣԷӦһԶΪʵߣΪƶһƾȡᣬͬʱһԴΨҶˡ
ĺõƶֱˡ
뵽΢΢һЦһ֣߼߼˵˰죬һǲ֪µĴܹ֪ô
ܣҡһͷѾ֪ˡ
Ϊʲôأٳƫͷ˵Ӧġ
۾ʾŲ졣
˵룬㻹һʵˣΪԭһңȴûУӦģ
һֻźӣһͷǸܴĹĪҪˣҪ֪ϷգĿη
˵仰漴ǰСƵķչʹʱֻøˡ
Ҳ⣬Ŀǰ˳ӲʾİŪԼҪ˲ǡ
ɫԽЩˡ
ũᣬѵ˵ƻ𣬴ƣȴֵʱ
롣ʵ˵Լ쾹ӣһİһ·ͬ˵Цȴú£ܲԾ졣ɼ⼸µĽĥѰԼԭǽҶӣĥøǿˣ̶̵ļ£ԼҲ𡪡£ĪڴˣʲôŲʹ뵽˼أǰˣǸöã
ת룬Լһ·϶˷ӳħƣҪԼվҪˣٿҲҪԼѲǰǰ㽿
ôһ룬ֱͦӣһӷ·ǿ˲١
ȴǣһͷȻ𣬱ռؽգ׹佭ˮһʱȻ𣬸̣Ϊ̫үһƻУ֮׹ˮġ
һ֮£סˡ
ǰУڰ˵Ĵ߶ٵҲǰС
ȥôʱ䣬ÿһأֱ϶Ĵڣû뵽ҲпգǰĺȻඥֱ亹졣
ѵѾˣͷĺȻϵԺһʹϷ
һ˵ţ֮һֱ˳˹ͷǶ壬ֻű巢
ˣˡʲôˣ룬ҪǼġˣһšʲô
ԽǼҲ˳
ͿһƬ⻪Եǰ˺н֮ϡȴʯ֣̼䲻ôȴҲȥԶϰȼεֽһǰνӣǳ
ԭƸ֮֮⣬塢塢塢塢塢塭ȶൽҲηУ಻ͬڽɫɫפۣܿۻңڸСԸǲһһһ㡣
ǰеİ˺Ȼסǰһߴָһ£ҿջطˡ
ٲһǼҿջЩģ
ǰŸ¥ǺջСæջ͵
һٵˣһһش˵Ҳˣ
һֻżصİΣ֮£δÿɷ
ȴһĲ׾ˣͬһСһ·۾Űˣȭ࡭ôСŽӼ١
˺һͷӶ׼ˣ
үģϷ䣬һжúˣֺһͷָٵ
ǱŵһͣɵСĽӴˣ
ǡһӦţתٴ򹪵Сϲ๫ա
ٺӦһɶԷǣ֣ǰһֱ˺ڿջ
ҿջϣģִڵصر࣬ˮ½Ҫ壬һ˲֪أԿ⼫ѡ
λĲϲĴ£ջš
ȴһˡջˡ˷ȴҴӭ
ˣ
ү
ƺһ˴ʺãִ񼫹
ֻԵصͷһ̬ٲȻ֮УӲ첿ͷʮ㡣
֣һľԵżأȴҲδ˼
ϲԭǿջ˵Ķӡ׽бһݹᾣձòӶ˶˴֮£Ժ
ǰں̤еǰᣬĳƾ¡ŵϷԺһƣ׺ȣˬƮɢ㡣˿񣬽תͣԼڶ
ټϲڽ֮գдһƬ֮䣬ҲȾ˴һϰף˾̰׷ɫ˼ıʹӣ
뵽˸ʵۣ˿֪δﰲͻȻʹΪ֮һնȡǰĶŮ鳤һ꣬ңĻ֣ȴ᣿
ͬϸ̤滨šٸҪȴ˼ˣһŻİӣͣ˽Ųֱϣѡԣʹ಻ͣȥ
ԷˡһŵĻƣʣˣֱüɵǸ⣬иͷͦߣòˡ
һһ˶ŻƲ
ĿٵһҲһ㶣żʡһ£̶ȥ
ûͷûԵر˼һ٣ơǰе򲻼ۻء
ô£
ûʲô˵ǸˡҲˡ
ĸˣ
ûʲô漴תӡ
һƬҹ£ǰ棬㾧ߵӫӫ͸һƬ֦γɵӰǡһөҹ֮䡣
ſڴϣţҲ֪жˡ
ҹȥڴ˯ţҼˣһ붫һ
ʹǰһҲ˳
ǸʲôģԼҲǸ취ô£
˼ţԼּΪʶƣҲͲ첻˵ԼУĿͶ֣Ը⻤һ̣Ǹмෳָʾһ·ҲͲ鷳ˡΪ϶ģԼоֹ֮˹ģӦһˡ
˶жԼˣĴøУѱ϶ΪãʵûɻľģˣǱźõһ棬ĳ֣λЦص̫үӦͬ
һεҲԸС֮ĶȾ֮²ӦֻһأӦûеǡ
ǸղſһһˣǸӣֱü۵ص˼ҿһ֪ǺˣɵСķǵͷת
һ𣬴ܼˢˢƮ¼ƬҶһһֵ¡
һӰһ̰ԵȴӰɣ˶Ƭеǹϡ
һŲͷ˻ԭſڴϣȴ¶ԷǸҹ˿Ų˴ȴһ죬͵
Ȼһˣÿӣ֮£ͬһ飬Ƭٿٿ䣬㣬ת˲ǰ̤һܡ
¹֮£ϡԷֱԷһϮɫ˿ʳ£й
žУȴҲʶеˣԴΣоѧҲͲΪ֣ҪȻǰԷɣӰܰɵˡֻ˵ȷʵҲ߯һЩٿȥֱۻҡ
סһ¥̨λ࣬¥߶㣬۽ʽƣǿɹۣܣ߲嵱գϱӳ£Щɲ⾳
ٵڶʱԾԷҹȻǰǷӿգôݵľһƳǸб֮ϡ
ٻŲջأŵվҲҴһ˫۾ȴȻֱֱⶢţʵ˫Զɲ˽š
ƫƫǺϷϳҪС
ԷҹѾ֤ʵǷŽʱǸӣû뵽Ȼ֡
ֱһ̤ܵһһӰܴ˵ͻȻ߳һţһڷâĲҶɵ֣꣡һƼ磬ҹһߣȻ䣬ѷǰҪ
ֶ˵ĲǰһӶδվȣһֻżⷽ˷һǣƻһ˫־жϣžһѰķɵ˫֮䡣
ҲŽӵ˫⧷ಡһڼ֮ķɵԷַɳҹһѱ˵ʺ
һڷɵ˵ãȴǺǸˣһĿһ
ԼͬסջǸġ
ܿѶǸϸͼԷһĹ۲֮У˫էȻ㷢ɵȴԷӣǵṦ˵ãշַҲһȡ
ۿſзɵХѷʺҪȴΪַ֮䣬һ˫ָסĲе档
һЦֵַԷһҲƵĵ˷֮䣬ӥЮŴɷߡһʽɵķƣһƣֱ
Ǻ룿б絶ֱӵߣ˫ӿһļȴǲ֪ôһԴ˿
ӲƣÿȸһУǰĺһһ£ʯ⡣
Ӽ죬ʹýӴһɱţγӰ
ȷʵʹгԾţӵһʽתƮ磬һαĳ
ȥһĿ죬޷ƾ
ְֻȵӭһ飬ʵһ֮£һһӰ֮䡣
һ֮£˶Էֻ۾ֳޱȵĲ졣
ºôĹ򣡡ĳ֣֮ʴ£ĳϴ
ŶԷϣƻȻһȴһ˫̵ӣƵƵڶԷתѡ
ʧʧӱһ˫֣ҵʲô˵ãԭƮ¥ѣѹˣһ֮Եת˲ʮ꣬мѷ񣿡
˵ʱһ˫ֲԽԹһһöָϵıʯָӳɫӫӫ⣬ۡ
һߣºøߵӣƾʲô϶Ʈ¥ˣ
һЦƮ¥ˣʲô֣ҵ۲ѵǹŵڶҶ˫֮һҶõ࣬ˣʧʧ
Էһڵ˳ûп
νĻҶ˫ãƮеķɻҶãǰʱ߱ǰλˡ
Ʈһţ˲żüã书տ߶಻ʤ֯ԴζΪһ¥á̳šʮ棬ֶ档Դ룬мɫľտ似ܣܱΪϱ֮µĵڶҪ˵ͣҲͿ֪Ȼǵ֮
ʵۣһţ԰ҶһãһŽ˵ƳϢϱкžӪά֣ǰջ˵ˣҲӪ֮µ֮һԲŻһ¡ؽӴ
һڵ˶ԷвأѲ֪ĲưոݣȴгӭɫһЦӯӯ״ν
൱Ȼ֪ԷķǱѰĬ˰죬΢΢һͷʵ±࣬´
һЦƮѣѲŶ۾Ļŵˣ
ˣҹ͵ΪֹǺڰɣ
˵꣬һسƸһƬ
Ʈɿ⣬ƫУǡǡپסǰ档
ʱһ⼰ˣԲݶԷдַ
̫ˣţ
ѣ֮䣬ڽǰҪپҿĿԶʱΪ֮󽵵ͣǵˣʹ˶Ҳǲס
һ㶣ֻŵǰ෭Ű۶ǣ
òŸװɵĳ۾಻ɳӣ֪
Ӵ˵
ǸʲôҸʲô֪֪˵˷ˣĿƣֱƶԷɴһ仰ڳݲĴ룬¶и󵽲ǣ
ֳͱƣȴһͻݻģԽ棬Խ㡣
ˣʹȴԻǰѾγɵơƵķչʹһ˫ˣҪˡ
ͱˣӺһ
ȴһʩɱ֡һƮƵߡ
˵ֵ࡭һʽһֱָֻ֣ǰ
ʵѽˣֻ濴һЩˡһĺȻ֣ǷǱѰ
һƾѰ˱տĹ֮⣬ƮϵƷϣƵݴʱΪһӰǰ崦Ѩ·ȫչ֮С
ŵǰһʵҴ⣬߳һãһĳһзֻ֮ôַδܷʵЧ
ֻһӭһ顣
߹һ
ǹȫîˣһ֮£ճһ飬֡
ˢ˿۵ط£ӽʩ⡣
һ涸б߻㡣
֪⣬ӷһ£һµֱ¥׹䣬ȴڽδµһַһڷɵڷɵĳ֮Ƽ죬һȡػءȻֱɵֵͬʱͬ׹ֱϻȥ
ȴԸġӵȥǵͻȻֱֹʩչժ֣סԷǿڵһָֻһһڲָı߰ĻͻȻĶָ们˳
һ֣ǽӵĽǰţ׼˶ԷԺεַסɵľ
֮಻ֲһ֮£סﻹü
һССߣָ们˳磬ֱκηӦ֮ǰ˹ȥ
ꡭβһССɵȻ죬ˤϣǹһ㣻ȴྱҲ࣬˴һѪڡ
ߣ̲סŭһƮܱߣ˵ƽܴ衣
ĿӴԷӣʩչܳṦͥԺΪԾ䣬ת˲֮䣬ߴԺǽ
ʱһݼʧ
νǽ׷ɾˡߣһԹŭʡ
ŭ£ٲɣЦһһɸߵķһ¡
ɾӵĵɽ֮ơ 







 

  
ڶʮ߻ءɽ· 

֮дĿ֮ơ۾һֱͽϲˣֱһԴҴҹϴԸоһѡ
û뵽ǰ羹Ǵ塣ǸӣûɣͼԼ༰ʱ֣˵ԼԺ³ɾԤˡ
ôţԽǺ£æվȥǷϺţȴ⣬ַԴϣԭǺ£ȻΪ֮˿
һ磬ӭϮŸ˵ӰӣҲƵĴ˽
ѽټֱŻˣһģһˤϡ
Ϩ˵ƣһƬʲôҲ
ˣҲƵĻ飬һ֮£·оŶԷˣģ°źӣǸɰͷ
Ҳֻһģӡ
㡭δѣǸͷһ˹
һץͷԷϾң޼£˶Ȼתֻżһ飬漴á
ɰͷȻ۲۵ǸˣǸ漼ˡʱһʽɨԺķѨַĪ
ԲŵʧˣէѰѽӲֱ
ﲻʧϸЯһССҲֲƮ⡣
ǲܶԣȴ׵úܣЮ֮£Ҫ˵ͼֱתѡ
ͷһ֮£Ʈ⡣
𣬺ذߣڿջ¥ƫҲ¥֮ϡ
ºڷߣ
ͷ˵Ÿˣȴ˿ްжǰǿݣ̤мƽأоջݳ֮⣬ȻǷʲôһգһһ֮¡żƫƫá
ͷֹʹ֣ԺɣܼӰֳһ
ࡣ
һһȴſҪŪġ
λƮŵĽҶ˿ڼȷŭ֮УѾٵıʧټϱĸˣΪŪŭģ֮侲Ӧдһʧƫƫһʱ⣬ţ»˶Էֹơ
˵İվɥ
ҹ£ֻٿٿ䣬裬ʱδʣƵƵգһ˫⻪¶ӣѲѡ
ЮٸڸµͷȴǺúȲƶֻǾԷעţʾųŻǡ
ˣ˫˺һӣʧתȥһݣںҹ֮䡣
ֵ˰죬ͷվһЦ漴Էһ̰Ժǽ֮⡣
ͷ죬һ·ϼٿٿ䣬Գ֮ơ
оֻ⾫֣ټʹûΪԷѨȣҲѷֺ
Ƭ֮䣬ѱ⾰
ͷǵų죬ѣб٣˿ҲûһЩƣ̬ԽԽ죬ĵǰһƬ֡ʱһƬϡֻ֣ȴʱΪڰ䣬ֱ׹ڴź֮䣬ֱܷһУ
ȴǣͷһ˫ҹۣ˿忣Ȼٶ졣
һڶԷ֮£ѵֱҪˣԷȴֻߣͣѶԷ޼ˣڶԷԼѨһƴһҲҪɫͷ֮ޡ
һӼߣˮ֮ˮߣռ˴ɵĵء
ط磬Ϯϣм⡣
ͷһ۽رߣԶ½Ųҹһ£⣬һڡ
ˮ˻һ죬һҶССۣ漴ǰ
˻һյֽƣһµӣҡ֣Űϲ
ͷм٣Ծϡ
ҡӣк漴ۻġ
ͷǺһЦٷô壬Ʒһʯͷ
Բ𣬶Բ𡣶пһټͷ⿪Ѩ
ֻһģ۵ŻһڣԵ
ҡӣէ֮£һŲǰ
ô£
һ˵죬ֽ£ԷһŸ̬İʱǸӡ
ˣݶ˵֣Ǻֻ֮ȴ֪ȴ˺
ֻǱѨã
ӺǷ̽ȴ⴬ϵطһֱ
һԵЦһСģ
Ӻε֣ٿһԴ˸ա
ȴ׼һԵˣ˹ȥ־ץͷӴһ
һٿɾץ˸ա
ȴӸңΪ֣׶༪٣ۻ֣֮Ѱ˽ĺã羭̶ǰҲͲٳɣȻĿݶŭһۣٿǰֱź嫳ˮͶȥ
˹ֽһʹãˢǰһץסĺ¡
þҲѲּعӴ󷢴ȴֱͷץסֻ֡㡭ſҡ
ԽԷץԽССֻۣˮתƬ˻
ҵӣͷǺЦҪѰô
һãȻصΪʲô˺ٺЦΪʲôˣ
ȲܣѲֻԷŭĿš˷Ѵ⣬ԸٴֻҪһлᣬѰһʱֻţһ仰Ҳ˵
ףһЦԭˣ廪ħһˣò˳ȴҪѰǹŹ֣ΪΣ
ٿһ㶣Цٺ˵˵ģ
һЦ˵Ҫ˵ܹͲˡ
ˣͷɿһǾʹһģֻҪӦʱҪѰ˵ҪǾ裬һҪǣòã˵꣬ذץŶԷһ˫ɿ˺ͷ

ˣȴҲ߾ŶԷ·ͻȻֻһ书֮䣬ټʹҪˮѰȴǲס
ôһٵʱˡ
ߣǰţĸǵĹʲôֻ˵ɣ
˺һߵİӵĲһɽϣҪи̣һ٣漴һɽӵҲԸ£ΪһݵСֵܣΪߵ뵽廪ɽȥ㣬ǰһ㻹СôһǾͲܲˣ
ʱҲαװ£ժ´ңֳԭŵɫ¡ˣ漴ЦݵСֵռ򣬹Ųİɣ
۾һأ
ˣЦֻۣô㻹ҪˮѰô
һ죬ȴ˵˷ܣҹε
ݶһЦڻش
桭ģٿŶˣйصǹƭҡɣ
˵ˣϸɶѧûѧѣǸģһƭˡ˵ĵˣ˸æȥס֣ʱ˿̵ǲѰ̼
ԹۣԹɫ֮£･ЩˣԸߵ棬һԲ˵λǡ
һҡ֮Цǰ˵иƮɣ
ޣСͻ估ǵͷӽ¡
ˣһԴǻľһԱ󽫣ҪɣǱߣϡһӿɾͱٳˡ
ֹǸƮŵģ˽˵ǹղסǼҿջջҲ¼Ӫ
һ֮£Բٿ
뷽ͬĳջʱջ˵һжӻӭİͽֺõΣⷬϷԴӡ֤˷˵һУٵˡ
˻ӣһյ͵ƣЩ⡣
ǡ˻ͣǸεģǰĽӿš
չ𣡡ҡֵָһ£أ̫ң½ֵܣ⣬Ҳǵ⣬İɣԺһ跨Բ
⼸仰˵ǵ壬һʱ˻һӷᣬ
¶ˣְعս̫ү뱦үһ˵˸ţ֮ӡ֤廪ɽй̫ү˲Ĵ˵Խһж顣
벻˷ײһ˫ǣйؼصѶϢӶͼҵڼͬʱɢĸ磬Ҳ棬Ǻεֵҵһ£ôһ룬ʱΪϲһûһҲ
ҹɫڣˮŲټĺֻм֮ڳ֮䡣紿ӣס񣬸ϰҹһյµƣһҹ֮࣬ҲͲ
빬ҪȥĵطεĲȣ֮ƷУܽҶľΪ廪ɽڵߣ½廪ɽ򲻻ٻͷաΣ뷽Ҳлϼ֮Ҫ
µ룬ټһֱĶּؾҪ棬پһģһɿ죬źгĻ֪˯ˡ
һѴ
һĨķ죬סհ棬͸⣬Щ֬Ƶġ
Сھ΢ʱ磬ƢĺϿ
ҹвնߡһԷ˵ͷ֪ʱհ̳£ȫ䲻ȴྻȻƣҲΪˡ
ҹ޺ۣǰδУͷһ⡣˺óһʱ䣬ҹľϸϸһ飬˵ĸܡƮ沨Ǿ޶ĺΪңҪĻҲʸꡣ
ÿһǼԼҪǿһ㡣ɽڣޱĵĸˣʵÿһѵĺ˵ǰֺԼȻ
ÿһأԼΪһ췦Ĵ˿̣ЭʵۣΪȵļҹһŬʹΪɥʧʵʣҲӦź
漴ƿӣ𣬶ĴŰߵ⻹ౡһֻССĴھǰͷʱعĶ򢣬öĴ
һҹ˯һ糿ڶԼҲһոµĿʼ
ȴһŮĽ㼣һ磬˸żӰעӡʱЩ΢飬һڱ˴˷֮󣬾Ȼγ˼̵󣬻֧һֶԴˡ뵽˫ļټֱ޹衣
Ȼαװѱ𴩣ɴ໹ҳǸСʹһŮ˵·
ȵͷϳ˳һӰҲûС
ͷ˴Ծ£ԶԶرܿˡ
漴ѻãӳźˮգȻ
⸽дƬӣʱֵҶȾȥһƬȾˮȣʱС磬ƶغ쳱ӰȴõȻκϡ
һ˼ңͬˣǲ󷽱㣬ԭ˲ıܿˡ
ٰһˬɾɽȪϴһһȫ泩ˡ
˷ǰδУһҶĻҹ̣䱾˵һ·̣治Ϊ˵һɾǿ־ڼţӦȴܸ֮£Ȼܿɹˡ
Ҳ֪ܵȥˣӰ
߳תһȦҲǣӡ
һؿˡȻһ˵վǰڳֵͻȻٲһ
ǰˣһϮɫӳ£Ŷѩ׵ĺɻ˳촽üĿ㣬һֻŽ֦״Сָϸˣǿ㣬ȴ˵ıŤһ˼ⷬģеûš
Ҳ˵ʲôԭһֱظоŶԷһ˫ذĵ۾аúܣŲذĿתһԡ
ȥ游ڹסʱйָ蹤Ӽܶ඼ɾɫ˳ΣЩ˾ϰŮգȡˣվ쳤ԾŮ̬ʮ㣬֮Ī棬ӡ֤ǰˣмơ
ֻǰһˣȴ֮УǣȻിŮ̬߲֮ͬնӶʹһ֮£Ϊ֮衣ԣڴҴһ֮£ȴδϸ롣
δѶԣֻûпٵͷƫӣȡߡ
ԷǸһᣬǰ
ٿػعصϣȴ⣬ÿ죬֪أֻһǰ
ɾ;żȻ
ʲôٺ̧ͷݺԷ˵ۡ
Է²һɴɫȴֻһ˫⻪ƵӣƵƵתѡ
٣˳ƾŹİɣ
˵ʱǣΪаЦţֲüΪߵ֮Ȼ䷲ףЩɫ
ɫһ죬Ϊ˭˵˵ЩʲôΪʲôҵ·
һ˵ٲ㴳
ƫƫãһͦдӭٱȵһ
˵һĽɫ
Щķ˱ֱûһǺǵģǰ֪ʲô·ƫƫءλֲǰʧǺã
һЩŻšתһ룬ȴסէֻ˫ڰ׷Ĵ۾ԷţΪʲôҪߣʲô
ΪʲôЦһЦʵҲʵҸش˸ģҪȴȱޣһ㾹˵ţƸ˵ĿЦˡ
㻹а취ָ˳˵֮ͬ꣬ԲӲοɾͲһҵ£Σ뷴ӣǹԹԾͷأ
һԳǸ֮ͬ꣬˵ȻƮˡ
ƫƫҪͷء˾ǲߣôǺã
ԽԽڳһݲɫô˵Ҳˣ
꺬Цһͷȴ޲죬Ҳ֪ţ漴ͷЦԭضˡЩʲô
ˡһۣϣءܳһҲͺˡ
˶ԷһЩ档
ͷһۣһЦ˵ûˣͿˣҲڡ
һ
ԭԷ֪Լ߸ءˡһͷҲͷءֵˣڻ˴⣬ԼǰЩ
ǡѷ˴˵٣һߣŻﻹţǻ
ֵȻ֪ţȻҲӦ֪ŵƴ󣬷Ҫ飬һﵽ
ǿҲһǣһ˿Ц룬飬ûаɹںܶۡ
£
һʵۣǾֱ֪ǻûгɹʵ۵߶ûаšǣ˵һʱ⣬鲻ԽһƬЦ̡
갡һЦȻ֪ò٣Ҳ飬һʲô£
˵ֻǳ롣һ£ҲܲϣǾǼء
һüסȴˡֱҲ޿κΣģ
ɫһ䣬ǰ̤һ
ȴЦ˵òϾҪԼˡ
Ϊʲôһʱ¶ס
ΪѾͲԼˡڣ꣬ٿָһ䣬ֱǰ
ּϷĳ֣ʹٴΪ߾һʱŲˡֻǶԷַǱȵУҪ˵һ书ŮӣǾڼָ֣Ҳȡʤ
ǰٵ˺󣬶ԷӰε
꣬һֻ֣̽ƲƫȻǰ̽
پһٴκˣ°һͨϣ˵ӹ˶ԷһֻĴᱡϷ֡
ȴڴ˾һҶˢһ죬ﵴﱬɳһҶƬҶȻΪĳ⧷ʹһ֦ʱ߻Ϊʮ㷱һֱֳϷ
ʵ̽ٵһü޴һЦѰѳŲ˿
ơתӣһ˫
һҶÿ죬˵Ҳ졣ڶԷʹ֮£һɻȰ
ȴڴͬʱһ˾ЦɣƶиҶԹʧô
ѵأΣһ˲˾ǡ
Ц䴦ҶУ֮ϣֳɫ¡̬ʵһӡ
ƹ𡣹Ӽʱһڵ˿ʵʹǰˣ޲ƹ
֮಻һỬѳ߳߿⡣ȡƫ棬̧ͷϵĹţĸ
˵ĵһֳŭݡ
ôһЦ˶ֵ壬ƫǰɣȻϰһ˲ֱһöƮһ䣬Գǰ
ϸüٿȴһ˫۾ŵϵһۣɫǹ첻⡣
ǣĽܳṦевʶѰѶԷ֮ΪһС
ӵȻ֪ɵķǱȵУȴȻʧһЦɣ˰ɣʵɣѾʱǵ˼úܣ˵Ըͷһ꣬ȥ˵ҪȻǰáȡʱ򣬵ʱŭԹһܣͷҲչ˲ˣ
۾˲Ҳ˲ֱţллĺ⡣˭أ
˵䣬ַ߬ѽס߼ĳѡʱһƬ˽̿ڴ湬⧵֮£գüë˵üһ
һ
ɷӺٺЦһһﶼ㣬۲ӦԳһڹŽӿˣ
Ϊ֮һ
㵽˭
չ˵𡪡һС
ȴǸСȻ⹬֣İ
һ˿죬ϣ֮٣һ˫ķѡΪ֣ˡ̫ҡǶһ
˸һ˲ͣϱٿȥרŸǼףƶΪȴûΪأ֪߲ࡣ
ƮˣǼΪеġ¸룬ѶԷ֮ͬ£ֻȡС
էŹ֮ر뵽ˡ
ԼҪǿԸһ侹Զ˼ͷȻȾȴڶԷֻһ˵֮²ʩչ
չģ۾ｻ֯ŴƮ¥ǲԹΪʲôһֱǹȥѵΪ˵ʤùǣĻкأ
ӹһЦӣ̧̫ˣң
ӣһ̵֧ɵһʱҲѹƲסµһʽϼһһڷӿʶ
һ˸ߡ
ʵͬʱɸӰŶԷ˹ȥ
ӰϡƬâһֱ꣬ͷ
ͻݻȴд⣬ʵ˹Ĵ༤ڶԷʢŭУʤ
ʹȴҲס
Գһڶ̽ԷĳӿȽ֮£μ穣ԣرѡʦѵһõűСɷһ˫ڹִƵĶ̰
ӭɵһ콣꣬ӵһ˫ɷƵһӰӭֱϡ
Ƶһٿط˿
һЦ򣡡
𣬷ʴɫ£ưһƬͷֱ£ȴϵɷ̩ɽѹֱͷ
ɺһĿ⣬ŶԷƣֱһ˫ӰۿѽӴͷһнչ
СһߣֱѭŶԷһ˫Ӱ֮նȥʯ𣬿쵽˼㡣
ôҵӣȴѵԷһɷʵһۣ⡣
ᣬ߳һ˫ζٿϡ
гһʩչṦѵһҡһʱӰѣ˲ϢѻĸͬվЦһٿطֱŷҶȥ
ɺ޼ˣȻĴ죬ƺģȴǲŪ
ӵļֹˣԵһٿػعӣֻӴˢһưǮڡ
ŭɶһֲǻͣ³ӶʩעγνĽͿһ裬ѰһǮϤڽ֮ϡ
ˣŭѴﵽ㣬ݶԷ¡ôڣѷʩչƮ¥ṦһȻֱҶС
书пɹۣ˼ʢ֮ı㣬ܾϡ
ǰƣӷյУɲǲ֪ȴʢŭ֮£Գ֡
Ƭԣ羭϶ûżȻ
Ӳһ£Ȼ֦ҶپȻ䣬һһ㣬תס
һ֮£ɲ֪˶Էĵȴ
һǡڴʱб͵ش˳ϹȻǿǰ֮̽ƣһ⣬Űֱǰ
һ֮߳£ɲ֪˶֡
͸ǴԴԻ֦ȻԷֽˣһ񳣬շǵĸˡ
һǵС
Ŷһ֦֮䣬һƲν죬ֻǽԷ˵ĳ֣һ
ꡭһƺֱ߱߻˹ȥһʱƤѣѪڡ
һ䣬ŭѪӿȾ¡һԭȡɵǰҪտڳѼ֮ʣҪһ
ýƻͷһе֣ɺ裬б⣬ƴӳһ
δվˣӰէ
Сӣɣ
ɷȡƲ̴̩ɽѹ§ͷֱ£˫˫ֱͷ¡
ֺε˵ãǰнˣѲܾӡ
һ˫ɷƾ㡣
ɵһʽὣॣǱŽӲס˹µһ˫̰ӿ׼˶ԷǼΪȴҲԼ˫ɷһ֮£䣬ɳһֻұ飬ֻڼΪ֮ѣһֶ䡣
һ֮£ųһ亹֪ﻹ鼱֮£һʽɺ磬Ų߳߿⡣
áէ꣡ɳһҶɵ
һƺֱȡʺ֮ıߣذֱ𣬴˾ͽһô
ȴǸݵͷƫƫ
ɣܲ˸ŴƬķҶӣ죬֮䣬ɡ
䡣ٲȻмһֵһ
꣡һƬȾֱϷɾ
ͷʹһмңνıϴޣȻЩֻԴ˵˴ޡض˵ĽϹȴɡ
ˡ̫ңȻǽ
һǰ˵һģʮֹһʱ֮䣬ȫ¾֮С
ǵȾտ֣һڶԷһ˫֮£ش˾֮
ǰ̫ҵһɳûб䣬ȴӭܶԷʵһ
֮䣬һ˫һߣý𵹴ʽӣص⡣
ͷȴӲǷһηϷմ˹֮죬ӰΡ
ɽδʵ̫貳ڶδ˹
ĽɵĻһתֻǳԿĲ㣬ѲƽһʹмܡһзƣѡȴѵԷھۡ
һԷ߳ˮҲƵѴҼ绮
ǰΣ֮ͬ
꣡ƤѡһһѪڣŭѪէӿʱȾͷȴһϮΣбɴڹ
֮죬Ѹɺ衣
ɷһ˫۵ص֮䡣
˫էȻһɼƴ˵ش˸£޳Ӻذ߰˳߸£һбţ׹ȥȴδѣһѪ̲ס˳
ɾ͵һվ𣬳һָ𣺡áδѣڶѪ˳һͨϡ
̫һЦɣڵˣ
Ҷӥһ磬ֱɴĶ
ԻӰһʽ䣬бǰ
ѪƣѼ̫ҵĴһмܣһģײ
֦ɴΡҶ͸̺һ˹ҲƵ
ôĿƮէ֣硣
һвƷ֮һӣΪסֱɴĶĽ档
ѩһƬ
֣
ƸֻˡһֻƵķӭնƷ缲оױ֮
ǰ㼲ҵƣȻǰһƽһʽڰ˳߿⡣ͷԷŵĽһѹ״ֱʱҪ۶ϵӡ
һ̫Ͷ۳Ȼټˡ
˵֣ʹ𾪡
͸ءֻ۾ǰͻˣһƳ֮£˸ˡ
ʵںܲۡ
һ°ɫĳ£ϥ⴦ĥˣݸݸߵָͷݰľګһͷ­ȴ޷ǣ󲿷ֵͷˡʹһֻ֣ҲۣݹᾣһֻצӡֻצҲƵָ̫ҲˮҲƵĳ⡣
ʵʵָֻ
̫ҡ˵ȫİ棬һ˫ִ͵ۣȴҲŹǡ
أ˺߳һһͣӲ̫ҵˡ
̫һתתʽ߿⡣һת֮ѰѶԷ޴ɾ
ʩչػȻڷԷԼĳͻϮȴǣȻˡ
ʵϣԷ˶޳ֵĴ㡣
ŷ̫ҡ˫˫ս֣ʹǰǿƣʱΪ͡
ȴȻһ˫ۣ͵˿šһ̣ź׹һתߣְ
ɿȴڶԷӲ֮£ǿԵһͷֳЦ
ȡôˣ˵ء˸Ϊ֡ǾĽĶȻӳƮ¥̫ˡȻȴӳıŹ˾Լļʱ֣Ҳӹض˵ӣɥȪԣλͻдĪ
һ˫۾µµһתֺһϵ˼Ѩֹס˴Ѫ漴͵أư
һֻֽŶԷļͷһֳֻȴҲ¿ɼ֡
սҪˡ
̫ҡȴǲ
ˢƮ˫˫ǰڶǰҡ

̫ˣҲ̫İˣֱδš
˵ĵ̫ҳѹĿ⣬˲Ҳ˲ֱԷš
ȻҲʶǰ˵ķǱѰڽµǰһɷߣȴǹھۣ׼ʱĳһ
ƵƵźᣬƽŻ
ڶ˵ķȻȻشΡ˵Ϊ죬ϳ飬ֱ˵壬ǰԼΪԮ֡ת֮䣬һ˵̷飬ײϣת׵ӣȴվڵ˵һ档
ԣǰ֮£ĪһʱѣּӺ֮ΧΪˣвȴòǿԴ㣬ԼĴͷԣȡһĲ㡣
򡭡ءĪĪȻðôһ仰ڹض˶УΪ֮һ㶡
أ̫ҹһЦʶأ
ͷ˵ʶʶҵĺֵܡѡǿô
һЦô˵Լˣ
ԼˣɵطŰ飬һʱ֮䣬Щ벻ͨ
ȴΪ˴һʱڶߣǧǵĵߡ֪Ҵȥ
ʱΪ֮һϲģһʣʸҲƵģԾ⡣
̫ŭ߳һһٽ
һתָɣһĲѰѶԷ㿪һߡ
ȴʱǰɷ̴˫˫ֱͷ¡
ǶѰĽɺСгһʽַֹ죬ڵָɡ
ӭŹһһŤǱһˣͬĻ´Ʈҡ֮⣬պ㿪˹ĳһ
ֻⷬء˳Ծʹв졣
Ʈ㣬һֱǸ׳գʹʶַǷȴڶԷʧǰ֮£ӣ˿δԹػȴ벻һʾ֣˵ãʹҲȥԶܿ˫ڲ֮䡣ҪһˣƮ㾹ȻһֱӣͬһĽ˵ܲһ˷ѡ˲ŵ˷ѡȻɴҴ£ȫǰԼļλݣȴû뵽һ֮ķֵӰ졣Ϊһ֮£ȴ㵽⵽ԼλܵΣԣ»дһĴá
ֻǣһ裬Ȼӳ뽭ķչգʵ룬ֽΣ
̾ǣԶ֣ΪΪ»˭ԼƷ
»ΩһƷˣȴƲᣬΪԼԣؾĵܵܳ
Ӧǿ϶ġΪ֮⣬ƺ벻˭Ʒ 







 

  
ڶʮ˻ء԰ѷɻ 

̫ҡΪһȴǣʹ϶֮಻ֹǰȥ磬յǣͻȫ˵ơ
ǣմ˿̣һټɡɱɲǵڶµұۣƮһ棬˵ܹɼв
ȴڶĪͻȻ֣һйܴɡܲ˰ջޣ
һת⽭ߡ
һϺȣ۽ִһ߽⡣
ȻΪŭӾ겻һõĺݶҲʩչ
˼壬ְһ塣
΢֣ٽȴֱֱ١
Թָǿɹۡԣһ壬༫ɱ֮
֮£ȴҲǿƽʱʩϣӴֻһȴδ
밵һһ졭ǰԭֱһ֮£֪ģָᣬɽ֮£ˢбɶ𡪡ȴӭһ״Ϯˢֱɾϲ
һȻ⣬Ƽϣٶ־á
̿ɣƷΪҲƵĲ˸ʵ
ȴû뵽
ߵնһɽ֮£ز֮ϡһӴ̹ѷʹʹɴʱƤѣѪ졪
ССʲǷһӽ֮£ɼǣý
һ֪ɵôˣĽҲ˼սɼٱۣݴֱ˲Ϣ֮䣬ʮɿ⡣
δʣ̴׷ȥȴΪ̫Һסȥƣˣȥɣ
ϧҪһģ
ͷ㬵صǰҸסˣ벻Ʈ㾹Ȼ¡
ü˵ôֵĳƺô
̫ҿЦ
˵ʵţһ㹦ˣ֮УȻһĬĬˣţֱ̫棬˷ѽ⡣
ȻصγɣڶڱĽȫʧȥϢıȻȻΪ֪
Ȼ˴ֻмԴ𣬵Ƕ״Σȫ˼Ϊء֪
˴⣡̫˵˵ǸӣҡҡͷȻһЦȻҪãһʼ֪ⲽǻһ䡣
˵ԷŹѳֱߡ
Ҳֻһ龪ѡ
Ц̵ǰǵȥˣղŻˣ
̫̾˿֮һԭƻͳȴû뵽ˡ
ףһ˫۾˿ţԹغһԭô£ҵĶѽ
һЦȭﺣȻϵ벻һ񣬵ͷȻˣƮһɵδҪڽϻأ
һüƮԹ޳ƽ޹ʣǸʲôҪǹȥд
̫ҺٺЦҰļֵţӢȫΪʹáץס㣬Ϊʣּۻˡ
ٿЦԭˣˣ˵Ҹ粻Ϊұ׾ͷҪҲӦҪʱҿһҲǳ⡭
渶̸üĿȴһƬӢٲȻŮʥַ
ء˲ԿһۣﲻԾ¶֮顣
ã̫Ҵ͵ֻƾ仰㵱ʮ۱ĪֺǼֵһ޲ڣΪŮӢۣһȻ鴫
ٲΪƵһЦضԼĿޣáЦżɬ̲ס̫ҵ˵磬
һԹЦ˭֪߾ˣ׼û
ٿһۣ֪ǴԼȡЦڼ̫ĺ棬ڶֱ̬ȡЦֻڶﲻ˵
һ漴ۣδ֮ˮ·̡
ȥȣǲԶ֮ǰӦõˡ
һʮԽ½治졢¿ɼ֣ʱΣʱڽ䱸ʲôϮӡ
ڱɣʮ״̾ϢһҪôͣЪЪɣ
Ӧһ漴ɷ¡һ˫۾Բʱضʮֽš
ڿʲô
ǡأ
ȥˣһʯһƬ԰ףΪƹأҲ˵ֻƵƵϢšȫһƬѪۣʵˡ
һٿ۾ֳ̿ɫ
㲻Ҫ¡ɿЦ˵书Ķ֣׷ġᶯһ£һͷ
ɲԹɫȷԷȻȫѣֻǲܳƮ¥Ͻݳ
Ȼǰȴ˵Щʱ
ƺأҪһҡԸԸ⣿˵ʱĿᣬһӡ
ģģˣֻĸǿʤƽٿˣһвȻҲ
ңһץ˼ֵ̿ӡ
ʶܾã֪ĲʱһһֺͿǰһȻղű࣬Ʒײϣɾˡ
ǰһ̣ǿɹȴҪúðա
бרε˵ҩҡһЩ
һͷףҩȡ˳漴ɵָʾ֮£½˴Ĩ
ûг
ҩչֳ˲λƼأ߼һˣĴ糤̣ɼǣǺˣҼһһ˼Ҫ˿ԴĿ֮
һаϲչЦݣֻ֣Ц
ɳǸ֪˷ȫǰԮ֣˶Լǰ̫Ҫˣ˷ݻиҪüֵ
лл㣡ɿһͷҪңѾˡ
ңôӳģ
ҡҡͷϴصЦЩͰҴˡ
׹أ
Ҵˣ
׹ϺȻֳһƬŭݣɼԴ˺޶֮
ٺ١ֻȭͷһ֪ҵ
ôˣ
׹һ书˵ãƮ¥ΣȻˣ©ͱòС
˭ҪҵĲҰһȡˡ
ɳһأ֪
ҡͷֳɣڼң֪
ѹˡ
²ڼңʱһɽ߷׷׷ֻƾ׹ˣ϶ȥ¾ȻҲˣôҲ뵽Ǹ걻ĽһలµĵܵܣһξȻٹѱԴ󷢣ѷķչԼԣö֪ӦǲС
ﲻ˵ȴ˼ŶӦ֮ߡ֮ݣԼµĲǲκ˶Ʈ¥棬ǰΪǲˡֻǰر𣬸οԼǶԷȣƳأƣ壬ܶԶΣ
ȥˣ
֪ҡҡͷһӡ
ʹЦţĲδƴȻˡʱижȴֳֿĹػ⡣ȴת֮ʣϵˣһʱ㲣̲סһ
㡭ôˣʱüëʹô
ɽҧݣΪǸӣ࣬Ʋᡭ
һȻΪ֮һ漴⿪£ȻѨϣһںɫ
ͻȻķ֣ʱʹһ⡭
㲻ء¡ɲЦ˵أһʱҲ޷ҡ
Ͼңұˡ
㯵۾ֱֱš
ҡô㣿˵
ȻǸˣһֳֻӣؿЦֻ㡭ͨô
üëһʱͷᡭһᡭ
ͺãֳһ˿΢Ц˵ֻܾҵ
ԭΪ£ʩֻһˡ벻㡭Ҳᡭ
˵ǺȻ򼰣Цôˡԭֵͬܡ͹ֲˡ
ϺȻֳһŭݣԲֻۺٺЦѡ
ʹΪʧʱ̣»ֵĳƺÿһ˲䣬һĸ룬ӶʹоһĪʹ࡭
һֿ̹ĵĳֵ֮ܣԾ˲ɻĳޣ
ɶʱԼ˵˻
ڶϰ޵ķйһÿʱ̣ǰµʱǵͷһģҲֻǳصĺԼĴ֮
ǰģ
ҧг΢΢ӣʾµļȺ޶飬ǿɲֱŭڣָĻ𱬳֮
һ˺һˣ˳̶ȣֱ˼飬˫Ϊ֮ˡ
Թۣʱ쵽Լ˵˻Ҳᵽֵ֮䣬Ȼ˲ɻĳޣȴǰû뵽ġ
ͬʱ֪⣬ʱһ仰ܱܿʹԴ󷢣Դ˶ǨŭԼӡңǰвǾʧֻǶҧгݷй˺һӲŽƽϢ
ע⵽һݵʱһƬҰףЩѪɫʶԷһǻŭʧ
ס͵۾Ժǰ֡Ҫ죬ګګ˵Ҫ
һ仰Ҳ˵Ա߿΢ǿ֧סʯ£﷢֮
ԭ֮ͬģۼ˹⾰ʱϧ
ðɡһ˵ȴǲ֪Էʩչֻ㶵ɷŰ۶
ʱʮ΢˵ѣ֮£Ŷһͷǿ˵ΪӵǬԪֻۣܡ
ʱ֪ˡȰϵͨ˵
ɺЦ˵ˣ
˹ˣǻ޶ʱʱǣŸ״޿֮С
һȻʱ̣һ㼴͸
£½ϥã漴˵
ɾ΢һ˫ȴ˲Ҳ˲ֱԷעӣÿһж
ʱĿϢһ壬³⣬䣬С춯ĥǰСʱֳ乺ա
ɰǰȻտ־ϲ²к԰˫ֻȴָ⳯ϣֳһ˫ġ
գһ۾԰һ˫ƻӭȥֻһӣʱһ飬Ҳֲ
Ĺ䣬ǿʱµĶʱ˫һԣϢרעһܡ
֮ˣڱǿأײˡͨ£Щ΢ˣʹ治ǳǰʩ˿Ա֮Ϊȴǲ׶
ɾ˶һˣҲǲ֮ˡ
ʱ򣬶ȴòȥʵ̫ˣȫ¾Ϊˮʪ͸ȫ֧Ԯ䣬ʹƣѼòϢһ¡
ֻȴûϵܿȻ˯ˡ
֦ҶO@ˮ
һ˯üֱˬһ˯ۡ
Ŷľ׽֮һֻɽ߽ʳҰҶӡ
һŲȴѶɶЦ
Ȼˣ˷Ѵǰģչǰһ㿪ʡӯӯЦ
ָֻյɡңڳһֻӡ
ӣִ߸֦֮࣬ժͷǰʯͷϡ
˯ˣ԰ɣմժģ𣡡˵ʱ˳ֶһȥ
ӹȴˣŪһ֡ɼ״Цˣ࣬£ǰĺĵ»ݰɣ˿̿信Σһִ֮ȴ۲۵Ǹˡ
Ƕᣬһֻ֣ڲݵزš
ɵӣҲ࡭Ӵճˣ
ЦţֶһӹţŪ˰
ӹ˰죬ͷ˵ӣִ𣡡
ףЦ۾㻹ûԣô֪أ
ô֪ô֪һԴʵ⡣ɼ״̲סЦ
ЦЦţǿɾʹ˲мѹ˼Ҷ˵ǸɵӣɵòᣬǸ׳ա
ͷһЦ漴ͷڳӡ
ǶƹȥŶĲ龹ʮơҲѹ֣˼ԭֵȻضһЩøС
óһˣԴһҹ֮󣬷˲ҽٲ׽ˣǸʱɾ͸ɸˡٳ裬̷齱ߣȴκʹȻ۲۵ǸʿѹͲһ֮˽նȥȴǣԽԽѽѽЩӿǷ˼ħˡ
˵뺺ӣҹ˯žѸǶҧˣȴǲ֪ˣζɸܡ
߳ߵĴˣΪ˸֪ء
ˡһˣһѹͲԼǲܣȴ۽ߣϲϵˣһ֮пܡһ׷Ҳ´һۣˡ
֮ˣҲаŶʱƫ롣ʱ򣬳ȴôһǹºƽ̾Ϣȴ׷Ī
ô΢Ӱȥ١
һողϴ˸ҵػ˹ϻкüˣֲ䣬ȴֶаˡ
ŶԷһ࣬Ǹ治ֵö飬ҲаûţǰôأһӶˣǶҲ֮ɣ
øղŶԵʱһֶ۰ɣɾͽ֮ҲãȻǸӣҲдʱ򡪡˵ҪǴʱ򣬻ղһأ

һӣһֻ֧ӣֻȴš
Ǹľͷˡһӳˣճմǡ
ңҡ
ﻹ˭˭ЦһѵҪ۽һɨһͿеɽ
ݣֵôһɧζ
ȴҲ򲻲һ̶ˡ
ɵǵġ˹

ߵʯͷģŲһЩ
ٺһЦʵرһ̾˵ôӵˣôôңɣ
˵ɵɵһֻ֣ɵţãȻ̬
мϧһȡһֲĵš
Ȼƿ֣ʮֵţȻǣô󣬻û´عػ֮ǣϵһλ֪Сˡ֮⣬ҲûһܹеӽԼ塣
ǰһƲͷ
ͿǺͿŮֵܻˣȴĻ̬
ʱǲ⣬ǰңɾʹ˼һʱ֮䣬ֻֻܵ۾ԷµµֱתѣǶ֣˺顣
ʶ̧ٵĻһ䣬һǻǶͷˮģ˶롣
룬ûȤǰˣҪǻϼأжãʹǲе£Ҳһ´Ȥƫƫһ׳ôӣֱ飬ɨˡ
ЩˣǾʹ˴ˣȴЩδʣȰɣҲȲһʱ䣬ɺ·ȫһ˫Թֱš
㡭Զˡ˵仰ȻһæտڣȴȻΪ˴Ϊ
ʹھ֮ʣҲ˼λֳһ䣬Ƿ˿ǰģͿһǰէպֱ˹
ֹⷬȻ⣬һ֮£ȴҲʧ롣
˵书ε˵ãɴδεãȴйɡ
ɵĴԳ֣۵صס˶Է
ŶһĵԾȫģһЩҲ᲻𾢵
ͻȻķ֣ʹΪȡ
ȴһЩҲȡ
㻹ǰһĺá˵ĵһѶһֻ첲
Բúܣ˵Ϊ˰ȫҸղ϶һССֽţе㲻˼ҰѨʱסˣ
ȴǲǣһ˹
ڹһ˵ʹ˯֮УҲΪˣȻʱԷĽһʱѣ֮£ΪŻˡ
ȴšһδȴÿһоѨ·оСһӶʹôΡң棬ֻһһʩȴÿһζܴɣһ¡
˰ɣ㻹ʵһĺã֮£ͨһԹԵ
ʣɵһֻȴļϣ£һ£ʵˡ
ǸӣɵЦˡ
ôţ첲ͷ䣬רԼˣһ˫üǵӣҪ˵湦ǲ㣬ǽǣ㻹ԶΪˣڼңͿ췴ˣǿ̫ˣ
һĨ΢ЦʾƯȴƻϣʱ˿̣ԸգٲӳԼĶ
ڶʱĴ䣬ʹڹΪ棬ȻˣأȴѲٹвڹʶʩչԷǸղŷ̶ǰǱ̬
ϸ緢ദӣʹѧȨãʹµĻǡգҲʹ˽Ľѧϰ
һֶԸȹƣ꣬ʦϣȴǲȻóԸֵͬܣδʼδ
ΣܹѶܶأǴһң֮ȣҪĸԸƾԼĲǲʹҪǴ֮¡
㡭Ҫôһ˫۾ɡ
ȴȥƮ¥ȻƮһ״ӣйΪж飬ɣȴʶ壬й
ңһɶͬ顢ʾݣʹθдѡ
ΪˣŴʹյĶԮ֣Ȼڡ
һ䣬ǰһԼĿеĺˣȴôֺȻ
ͷԭʮֵ˼ҵĶҲͨˡ
֮ȴƵһ
ܶأѵˣ˵ʱֻڶԷͷϵ֣
վ
αأɫĵصѵˣһ㱻Ѩ¶ذһϡ
ʱɫһ۾֣ӼֱʱҪƴ
ǽɵĻʹı̬
Ӧüǵã˭㣿˭ɱϽͶ¯ң
˭ΪҩҽαǴƬĶ
˭ȻһʯϣһʱŴ죬۴
΢΢һЦҲ˵ˣֻҪǸˣҡ
ҡҡصԽ鼤Խ˵һ仰˰죬һҲ˵
ֻǣĸд֮飬Ѳ
ôʵˣֱʱ֮ԷֻԴҺˣ˭ҲȥƭһˡȻԴ˶Ĵãʵ׾ٵúܣȨΪֶεĴˡ
ˣҪ˵ˡḧŶļͷɫһ紦ӵ˵סǸˣ֪ҪȻҲˡ
ʣȻһ仰Ҳ˵
ͳ˿һθᣬⷬȴҲȫϵȻҲˣһŮԵᣬĳЩʱ򴥾飬Ծ¶
Ķϸ¡΢Ȼֻˣвʧ֮ţ֮УǼ̬欣ߣɶԶ֮ˡ
ǰĶ˵Ȼ˼ЧʱһǻŭѴ˸ھһʱ֮䣬ǰɣظصյĶ
ϸӣȻشΣʱɣȷǰˣԼʵգҲõĺķǣơ
ǡ򡭡ءͿ֮ʣ˵˼ص֡
һЦ˵ôˣѵֻһأô˵ȴġΪҲռԼġ
Դ죬ϵ뿪֮ʵѹ˺һӣǹӱŤֱ컹ûаƽ
ǽ֪Ůƶʣȴ֪ˣΪƶʡռ֮ǿңһ
ᡣ
򡭡ءҵĺֵܡδ˵꣬һơ

³ͻȻһƴû治ᣬѨʧÿһᣬȥһʱðǣֱ졣
㡭ˣ߳ţҪվȴһֻ۵˼ϣһ漴
Ǻˣһ䣬΢ЦЦﺭɱ˵ĸȴԶֱü۸Ϊֲ
һƿѶˡ
ڶ治ҵһȷʵǲ֮ʱһ˵书ӢˣΣҲͬһ㣬ȹһ۵¡
Դİ˹С֮󣬳ȻΪ˿µľ֢Դ˶Ҹ֣һϵҲˣӦеһٵݼȻҲϰΪ
Ʈ¥ʱĽִ۵ˣĭҲԸɵĺЦ£ǸְƮ¥ܹܵͷ׹Ⱥ˸̤Ǿ͸ڻˡ
ԣɵһƣʹЩͻȻ΢΢һ֮£ȴָ֮µغٺЦˡ
һֻһ·ֻصյ
Ʈ¥ɺС
ô֣ȴ˱ȱҪºۼ 







 

  
ڶʮŻءʱӦ 

סɿص㲻˼ǰ֣Ҳиɻ䣬Ǿǲǰ֣һ㣬Ǻˡ
治ٿˡ仯ԷǳϼʱʱϲԤϣǰһıˣ鲻ԽʹֵͷΪ֮
ȣǵˡһֱɽСסšռ£ٿеƵ÷š
ӶƼ֣ⷿӲ֪ģһֱ֮á
ССԺ䣬
رºͣ˸ݪˣ䲻֮񱣬ȴҲ滨ܣļ㲻ϡ
˯ѣһ˵̬
һˡɩΪߵСӣԡ
ǻصյ¡
̫ҡˣǰúð֮󣬱㲻Ӱһ˺Ϳӵ˳Ϊ飬Ҳһرˡ
Ϸ򸾿ʮңǸɴֻˣȴ͡
һٿпڸˡ
˹ӵڿ˼ΪŷŪ־ʳ
ģˣżϼСζ֮飬ǲڻ¡
ֻȴϺҲ֪«ʲôҩѲɾʹ˿һҲټˣ
淳ˡ
ɩʮĻ֮꣬ȴҲʧϣȹΣɾ䣬ޱ˼׷ȴϣֻǸɾ󷽣ܺÿˡ
˵Ůˣٵʻȴֻһ֪һζ΢Цĵɡ
ðľСӣһӣһſŷŽؽšɩȴ۾ЦеΪϵĲ˵ˡ
ܲ˿һЩ˿һˣģС㶥ٸո˿϶һСθ⣬˳˵С㰮ӵĲ˱ܲ˿ĳ̶ѿҪ̫ãòãˣ׼ٯ΢΢һЦԽ룬ٶ
ô£ͨˣúóԵĶǲǣˣȻʮõЦˣҾͰθ⣬ġôŪģ
ôһζûأý̽ңԺҲˡԡ
СЦˣɩ˵ĸ컯С̺򣿰ѽ˵Цˡ
Ҳһ˵Ůܹ黹Ůѽ
˵仰Ȼһ죬˻вװʲôĶתһߡ
ɩͷһЦȴζԡ
ٱһЦɫԽӷæվװͻӣǰ
չˣСǽ֦ҶӣҪǺú÷̣Ҫ˲Ҫأ˵С㲻Դ⣬ҪЩŪЩʱµĲȡǸˣ
һ̾ϢĻҿˣ
С㣡˵
ѵֻôǳһˣƽֻǶóԳԺȺȣ£
ĸѽ
ҵĸ֣˵ĺã
˵ٵ۾Ȼˣҡҡͷ˵Ҿˡҵ̫ߣ־ܴ󣬺ϣһҵһΪֻǡ˼ǰҵһŮˣΪǽҶԲÿ࡭
ɩЩãȻš
ٿ΢΢һЦźܲ⼸仰˼ɣʵһ˵ǿ壬ˡŮˣ־ʶΪκһˡƫƫȴʱмįΪá
ź
ɩȻһ˫ֵš
ã⴫һĺȲʡ
ĿŮӢۣ
Ⱥ߽
Ůˣһֻǵٿǰ׷ɵòѾϲõؽ
㣡ǰԽס˫֣һ硭ԲصȻʹ
硭ֻһҲƲˡޡ㡭硭˵ţԽرﲻɾֿ
һ£ŮкܣСŮ̬Ϊһλѣ
ôһ˵ʹٺȻǰиˣŲæԳ
ˣѮò࣬˵úӣǱˣǼ½֮ã֮һķǡ
˳żأҲ˳ƺһ硭
ȴ֪ƺǵ÷ǹЦѡ
ƺɲ׵Ҫһġ
⡭б۾ţϿǹֺġ
ѵǣĿ΢ЦĸΪֵܣᣬģղһʱͳƺǴ磬ڽ磬ҿֱСˣ˿ɵúúһ㡭
һʱ̶תЦ㡭ôأ
ֻǺЦ
ﲨһתٿЦףԺҸĳһĸͺˣ
ǺǺЦһ̧ˡطǳͣϰˡ漴ɩЦظϹһүҲˣ
ǰһЦɩ⼸ζĲˣͷҪúŪ˸ǵĹͳ
ɩЦ˵ǻҪ˵͹չˣ
ʱҲ˵ֽһֵܣռ벻ǰһλǣǰݼһʱ֮䣬ϲò֡
˫н̸֮䣬ÿٺһ˫żĬĬעӡ
ףԭã˷ñط֪꣬ж强Ҫϸ˵ǰԼ棬ٲ֪Ȥܿɾǲʶʱˡ
ԣ漴˸ʣʹ뿪
ɩҲˡһʱ䣬ֻʣ
ɽƮ
һϵɫǣţһƬŻĸɫջ㼯һƬ⣬Ϸƣ˵۾ֱ컣һ˵۸о
ߵء
غȻ˲ԣҿһۣףأ
Ҫվתкٵȴֹɵӣ㡭
ȴ۰Ͱ͵š
ޱ߲һСɫǣţգһЦһ򭣬˸ţôˣ²ƺ΢΢Щˣ΢ݣЩ㲣һ˫ڰ׷Ĵ۾ޣˡ
ſţֻһֱŲƿĿ⣬ֱЩŻʧ롣
ƽһֱ򶨣ǱƮ¥£صһҲ侲ţ粻ʧȴǲϵԼϲصĹһ˲ãԷĴԳ֡
ôòˣ㲻úÿңٰЦֲ֫ˣˣ
һЦ˵ˡ۾Ȼֻ⿴š
ûпô֪
ҿˣ΢΢ЦһŵʱƼˡ˵ʱ鲻Խת۾һۡ
ߣ˵ǲұˣųҿţ
Цˣֿһۣ˵ˣ෴Ǳ󣬶ǱøƯˣ
ٰģ
Цԡ
ô˵
ҡ
պñŤ
ؼֱţôһԼǱСһ棬һһ𣬺м֮ܣý
ֻ۾Եʱ˲ضЦ
д
ȴš
һӳ˳ԲԲҪĺ÷ӣ治֪Ҫȵʲôʱ򣿡ϸذӳƽһ˵һ飬಻Ϊ֮ɺ
̾ŵ˵ഫ˵벻ⷬѵãֻϧ˲磬ȴκΣ
˵ԲԲ壬һߣ˻߷Ǻã
ҡһͷ뷽Ҳ̸ֻ²ף
Ϊʲô
һѬģ͢Ŀ¶Ϊأǰʱ
ڶԲԲ˵ʧȥĻģû֮һŪãԣΪʱضͷʱգٹۺЧ
һЦͷ˵˵һҲһ㣬ԲԲǸصˣ飬Ҫ£ǲܡ
صͷΪһŮ˵ıˡ
⻰ô˵أ̧ͷЦеؿš
ҿɲ˵㣡صصŮȴǲࡣ
ˣôƽЦţôˣ
غȻǰʣͷȡʤԷޥʣڴÿ仰磬̽׽һԴֽΪȡЦǵ
ƫƫٵ۾ͼӣŵЦֱ̣š
ֱ棬Сط¶šܷȴҪʵʵ˵
ɾʹüشΡ
һƬ飬ȴһֱѹĵסΪиεȴȥɣʱ˿̣֦ڣΪ˷Ķ˼ȶĴ¡
УٹΪҹ֣ȴʹܲʱʱԼΡ
ѻָԭе򶨡
˫Ŀٴνʱı鼫ǴݣҲ֪
ٶʱһҸôˡ
һЦ˵ģϺܺãȻն񣬵ȴһֱߣ˻кܶ࣬һʱʱЩ˻κΡ
ٲ˿ȴ˵أڹݣϣ
Ҫ˵ȴҡһͷ
ô£
Ŀǰ䣡˵ش硢ע⡢ãûʲô⣬ӦòþͿԼˡ
ϲԽץס˫֣̫ˡ
δѣֻ΢ذһӰֱԺƮ
ͷһְݵ֮󣬲Էĵİһ硪㣿
ȴǷǡ
ʱã˻һ˵ȴ֪ת˲֮䣬ҳ⣬һʩչṦԽǽ룬ʾ·Ѱ
˫棬΢΢һЦŲǰ
ʲô£
Ҫһ˵ǰٵһģ
ޣ΢һ£ˡǵһͷһûиϴţǰ췢˿֪֪һ
һ£ĪЩˡˣ
üë΢΢һ£мٲˣڽ߶һ·Ĵ˵ʱ΢Խ롣
ٱܵҪϴ
㣡
½
͸ĴȣһšǷǲرյԭ
ô£سŵص˶ǣ
˵Űɣ
һϵģ
ǹϵģ
ѵǡƮһģ
Ŀǰ˵׼ǵһЦεúܺãŵͼתӺǻľǴ̫е㲻񡣡
ʣжˣ
٣߰˸֮ࡣ
һʱءǶײ˼
ǵ۾٣˵һ¹ȥѵ׺ǣ
ҡҡͷһƬãȻ
ǰǰ˱ٳԼȾ˵˸ţȴҲû˺ɡһϣɫͲǰǰˡ
Ǽĵӡ
Ƿѽ񣬿صƮ¥һž񾡳ࡢɾ书տĴСȴǸǺҲ
һʱڵһһˣ˻ᵽ֣˵Сֵܡô£
شһͷôһ˵ˣôˣ
˭Ƕڷ˵ȫİģû˵
صǰҲ֪ˣҲ²ⲻӦƮ¥µĵܵܣһʧᷢˡ
΢΢һЦȷʮֺ档
ֲأٻǰ飬ȻֻǸأʱҪǸɵѾˣ
ؿ̾һѵʱͨ˺ɣһɾ޿һĽƮ¥Ӳ˼ӣΪʲôһȴ⣬˲⡭
Ц˵ѽôʶأ
һ̾Ʈ¥ڶӣһĺԮ֣ʵôɵӳ˵ӦǶء
ǺһˣϾֵܣһߵˣҪȻҲˡ
ҡһͷǸ˵صˣ㻹˽⣬ֵ֪㣬̸֮νһ̿˸һѪԣ˲Ʒʱĺ֮⣬ʱ̣ƵѪ֮ˣ
ǡٶ𼫶ȵĺ档
ԴˣȴҪĴɡ˵һ书ʵܴǸѵõĺð֣ɵֵƮ¥ʵԺ˵ɣ
ǵͷϴ󡢹˶ߣȻǵУҵһ
ֻǡȴڳ˼֮С
ءپ㲻ȥ
ֻҵ˶ѡ˵ûǴ󻼣Ҳ֪ЩƮ¥ڽϸວĺ飬ºĵ飬һϣǳڴ֣֮ҲΪʲôֵܿǵҪȡԭ򡣡һ̾Ϣ
벻Ȼþ֮£ȻΪӳ˻߲󻼣պɾͲˡ
ô˵һʱͷ˼⣬ʱ޻˵ʵ˵ˣʶĲԿɲ֪ԷһʮֹļƵˣ书пɹۣ¶ʮַΣ֮ϵ
ɱ䲻Ʈĵϵڸһ֯ȴžصĵλôһ˵֪ڽǽ壬˵ö֮
ǣ˶ԼȴԮ֮˵̬Լղб¶֮ݷ˫ټƽһƣȴҲܲν֮֮¡
ز뵽֮ƻΪսΪвȣΪŰֽһ³ʵ˵ǡ
һظˣ뵽ԼƮ¥Ľʱ֣֮漼Űʽڣӳ˶飬ԲͬնۣپԼжˣһվڵжԵһһܲν֮ź֮£ȴҲ컯Ūˡ
ȴΪһģ磬תګګ˵˵Ǽˣǳģ
һһգӰǲľԱһпɵˣɲסԾ
ǿҡҡͷ˵˵׼ɷģһҲ
סغƫͷ⣬޶żͬУЦһȥ𣬺⡣
ݳӣһʽ죬ɿ⣬ȴֱϮǽһԸ߳
ƣֻӴһö
֣⣬ХУֱһ򵽡
һһҡڲǸˣȻ룬ö˫˫գԡ
ǲᡣ߳һ󱲣󵨣
֦һڶֱ˷˹ȥ
ǸĲߵİӡ
ϴһϮƲһܶע͵һȴ죬ļȰһֱܶǸƤ򣬺ƵŷҲƵģʱǰʮ⡣
ǰӣ«ɽ
Էһݴ֮Уֱں嫴󺣣ʱʧӰ
ͻǰ״һЦ漴ݴ֮С
ȴ⣬Ʒ䣬ǰݴԺһ浹£һһӰƵѹƬ⣬漴˹֮䣬ֱŷն
û뵽Ⱛӻôһ֡
ʵһڳѹ֮䣬תƣһܿ˶Էĵơ
ȴ벻˻һʽʧ֣ӺͣһһҲƵԹ˳ȥ
ȴãż㣬гȡ꣡һƬ⣬ֱŶԷ
Ӱѽһһʽҽ壬ॣǱ⿪˶Է
˵ÿõģһ˫
ʽ޳ԳʻȣҲȥԶѹһնȫ£ڵ֮С
ҲС
ǰ˫һ⣬ǷǱѰ
ֻһһڳһ㾹ȻΪ䣬ǳһ
°֪ԷһʼǲȡλսԣԲԷʵ֮սΪԭ˫է⣬ӼͬҲ𣬺׳֮⡣
ͬʱ䣬ݴΧһڡʱ֧ʸֱ
ɴ˼Է١
ǳ裬ļʸȫ䡣һȴ°пɳ֮ݣ
һƬƲ«έռؼ䣬ڸǰʮ﷽ԲԷζأʹ֮Ҳұ飬οԷĴ󣬿Ķ࣬Ѳʤ㡣
Ȩǰƣǲò׷°ӵͷ
ת䣬ݻԭ
ȴһһӰǽݳʾпɹۣȴʮŻʣ·һأšݴȥɲɣȴӭ˷ǵơ
˫էһ棬˳һȴǳԭ꣬ȻֵһԺݳ֪ԷΪƳƲѣӣ
˺Ũüһװϱһ泤֣һ߽ڸֱޡ
Ǽ϶˱Ʈ£˵ȣڽ޲ãкܶˣԭǺڵͶź󣬱ӻµӴΪٸΪ֮޿κΡ
ɫȻвȴǸ˶зǳ֣֮һ㽭ɣȻͬնǰӣԼǸ°ӣдա
ԭΪݴԣӦɶΣȴϲӭɱҪɷǡ
˫էһ棬˺һֱκηӦ
꣡ٿһ⣬ֱȡĴ
һ֮£תȴһ
ȴ䣬˸͸
ӰӴʹһݵأһ֮ƣﴦˢһɳ˲ƣһ䣬ݴ֮Сת˲֮䣬ݲ
ѹ׷һȻĿݻƲݴԼƬƬѪ֪˵Ʋᣬһʱ֮ģ漴פ㲻ȴֻ⣬ƫͣʱ춯Բ֪˱Ȼ
ǼǶ֮ģ㲻Ͼɱ仰Ҫġ
õġһǰˣ˰ɣҪ֪ˣ´ȡɣ˵ĵĿӥֱӵǰٿػӶ֣
ţһƼ磬ֱϮݴԡ
֧ʮ㣬ȴзִ磬ƾϸжϣȡƶԷ̡
֣ٲٿ𣬷Ժǽ֮ڡ
ȴֻصͥȻΪ˼ٵİΣԶ롣
ǰתݡ
پʵصô£ˣ
ҡҡͷûйϵҺͼֵӦﲻصġ
ʵɿǵ·
Ǻһǻ˵ȻƮһģغδ̫
عģһЦƾԷ⼸ɫ˹֣Ѿһ֪
˵ղŷֵ
ǵͷ˵⻹˵΢΢һЦ˲٣ȻûеһĸڣɡܣԷӪһʱ׳ʮĽɫ
ҡһͷǿɲһѵ˻һʱ
ȻǸɫֻǣȴΪǰ΢΢ЦҲ˵ѾͷһûҪһ
˵һƮٳȻ·Ѱѵǰʲôͼɣ
ϸΣ֪ˡ
صصҵǰΣȶƣƽ
ЦİɣҺõúܡ۾żһһҸһ˰ɣ
˵÷˾Ц
ݡ𪣬Ϣķɻø࣬һŵ޽ʱɫƲޡ
߰ӣ޲ŭ棬𱬵տһһ۾ȫڸһϣֻһ£ٽһһʤ
̬ȣȻֱýСˡ
΢΢ҡһͷǰʱ򡭡
˵ĵһΪʻԵĽƵĵҩΪһȴһԽҶɵ˫ֳϡ
ӹһۣٿʱһ
˭˵룬˳Ƶؾͷ氫ȴżʴĻɫ£ʱ̽ӪǸ°ӡ
ڷɻĵλͣ븺˵Ũü޽ͬɻһ̳֮
һԺΪףˣװ룬ò̽öԷ䣬벻ȴΪڹڴ⣬޽ˣÿ˶޹⡣
һССɵһʱɫأǡ
̳ϵĸܣʶһݷƮ¥ڲοļļھȷֵһЩνҪٷԸ书Ϊ˶̬似óȡ޲ޱ̵ء
ԣ˵þǰһССɵʱͨ˷ǵ֡
°ʱΪ֮һһʱɫأ˵ֲ֣̳֮ˣҲĵˣ
վ˼վסһûռһʵ벻
С뵽µ£͵ڲļʾշ̫ҡسƽãǶУٷ룬˸ѧ뱾ΪУȷʮ֮¡
ؾùǿҶɵ۲죬ȻֵϼСĸ͹ġ˶ԷѾɡ
ŷ뷽ǵһ־һ˿֮⣬ɶԷӵûֱһ𣬷·¡
Ŀעǰһ£кˣܼӱĶκ˳ˣҪϸϡؾݱ
֮漴êҴ󴬳⣬ͣһ۲֮䡣
˶֣ԭȴϵĸʽαװԭȵ󷫣Ҳ𣬻һTξ޷ǰľĻʽȫ
ǽˣ˵ĴŴҲԱģ֮䣬ȫû
̲ҵģ´ڸһȦȷȫûΪע٣Էתء 







 

  
ʮءɽ 

ҹɫʡ
г볣ǰһ£ȽȽɶɽ˸ŵһ⣬ȻһɽҲ΢İ˯֮С
ԺԵøĺڣһƬ̿գҶĵطڡֲָڵúˡ
ŹѾ˯ˡ˯ˡḲ࣬㷢ɣơ
ٶˣһ⼫ˡԣҹ˯ø죬£ǳҹУᣬԷ롭
΢涡
ɾҲǵ񻨵Ĵߣͣ˷ٵľȺԽĴ氲οǰƼԽܣǴΪ
̫ҡļᣬʾһشʹĿʼĸ˽žŹƽ룬ͶĿǰлд֤ʵĵطǽʵۼ棬ͼҵ
֮ǰǺڰġ
ǽҹڤڤ񷣬ص֮ڣŶΪ֪񡢳ª
תӣ̤ͥ˷ס͸ǰһµƣ֪ӦǻûоޣȻȴܸоϲڷ
ͻȻĵӦʵϵĸйʹȻ
Բϰķ֮һĹо֮ʱд΢ʮ⣬ʹ˿ڵһ̾ϢһƬɻһöҶӹص
ǰֻڴСƬ̣֪ܲǲڣôԴؽ֮
һˣתһڱߡ
ǹʹһһӰش𣬺ľƮһɡ
գ
ǼصļԷĳ֣ǵܵüԼڶԷ۲֮΢ΣԺķչȻˡ
һƬγɵӰһƬԷһ£ʱ켣ԣٲһЩӰ
ǾһƳȾ㲻Ϊ
سڱ·֮һ˲ԷĴĿƶѰŷǵ䡣
֮£ƵǸò
ĪͲ
ֻ̫ˣԼ֮ĿԿ塪ȴѼ϶ǱȻ
ʱϴƶĴҾ
Ȼڷ֮ʼǾѾǵĳšǣʾľϵһÿʹ
ŷǵĴ֮󣬼漴ԼؿһֻƣӶ֪Էȷв֮һڹٵ㲻ڣҲΪ˷
ʵϣϥʯܹȻ䣬رΣȴȼ֮֮˲ֶѡ
Ȼ֪Դػؾͨ
ˣ
ˣ
ϣ

һνҰɣ˵ĺ·ȥ
ǲסǴ֣Ȱɸˡ
֪˵ʱغȻٴҴ׺Σ
ˣŸ
ﺬϲã½ңҴݾˣ
ڣǼû˶һ㣬·Ÿ붨תģ쳤һ˫첲ͬʱŤתһӹǽ
ֻǰҹȴо֮ƣӲ˵Ĺ۲֮΢
УԷ˼֣Ȼܲᷢ֡
ǣǱԻɹ֮˳漴ԺһȦݡ
Ĵ̽Ļϲˣǵļʱ֣Ӧյ֮㹻ˡ
ֹȻɡһֻ޴ڼȫû£ƮƮطԺǽ
ȻȴȻһ˵Ŀ֮Сء
ѡطǡΪ˷֡һݳʱΡ
¹⣬ӳӰ
˵ɫޣȴϡܱϳԷһŽڲ԰׵ŨüϸۡǶ͹һ
һƳ䣬ضؼ࣡
λɻõĸһλְ񵯽ȫӡ̡ͬ
̼ǵʱշתѺƮ¥֮;д˶֮һ·У;¹پ٣ȫʾ˽ܳǣӡ̡
ǰһȻĵޱȾȡ
Ǿں౾˹˵ãǴ˱ǸŮɷʱǷҲѾˣ
ǰʱԹʶԴŮмĽģһ뵽Ϊ֮Ĳѣµĸ֮һȻˣܲ
һ֮£ȴƺһֳ嶯Ͳ޻ǣߵŮɷٴμ棬ѧķһǿһֱһΣѵ˵ǰᵽˣ
˼УʩչسԽǰİ«׵ĴƬҰ
һˮ꣬ɫ¼Ŀһ񣬾
޵ĵ˽ߡͣͷѡ
æӡ
࿴һ󣬲ȴȻվԭ춯һö
˫ԼԶҹֱȥǸʲôȴԼ΢һ˿ƿЪŴϸ
̲֪ѩȻ
ԭνͨѶַöͭǮַָڿһȴСöϸԱ˴˴Ϣ
˿ȻֹһˣȴΪ
һδ꣬ߺֳӰɿ죬һٿٿ䣬һǰվй
Ŀ֮£һΣԼ磬Ѳðʧ֮£ǰе༴ʹ֣ȴⲻΪԷ֪
ҹʡ
Էĸ˾ۼһţֻţҲ֪˵Щʲôʱ˿ͷƵƵɲ֪ȻԼһйء
һн̸֮еһתȥʣȴˮϡʱ
֮£طǰ۽ˡ
һͷȻĵ𣬶ԷĪڵǲˣںΪһͷ漴ĵ
һֻ֮ŵһ亹
ͷԷ򣬻뵱Լ潭֮ʱľƽᣬǳԿһ𣬶һͿأǰ²֮ʦѵԷƮʳ֪ζһʩʼɣ
֮򲻿ɵģȼ׼С
¹˲漴תءΪ飬ƮӰȴһ̤ͥΪԽ䱸ķǷˢǰ
ҡ˵һ䣬˼תݡ
ô£ʣôͻˣ
صԷ٣ҪʹΪȫƣȰѹ˳ΪҪ
Ǵһ˵Ҫû𣿡
˵׼Сһĺã
ִУԼ˳򸾣ȫլ丽֮ڡ
ȻΪִݾߣʹⷬ룬ҲʮСģɼءǰо䣬ȷ˿ţŴҴҳ롣
ʮ򶨡
ϷȴЩĪ
ô£
һ˫˯ۣ˳شŹǷ
Ҫưɣۿķ
ơʲô𣿡
շӣ
ա
һ˳˯ȫԱߴɩҲ¶ȻתһԾģ
ǰοòź£˱ȷֵǮ϶ǮǣɵĲȥµĲˣٸµġ
˵ĵǰԼ˶
Ӱһûݴέ֮䣬ٿٿ䣬³롣
˲һɽΪϣֲڣֵһݹȣʹҲΪ˷οҹ֮䣬ƲΪԷ֡
һһǹ⣬滮նֱзȥ
ǰƮǵ輫ССһö裬ƵĵͲԶǿ캵ɣһٳɻ𺣣ʤ
ԭƮһţӴԽ½ϲ죬ٷðϲƣбһ㡣
ǰԷǵͲһò̼ͬԶǿ
һǷԽɵŰȵһ𣬱ǧٵǷө淿ᣬʱһƬ⡣
漴˷׹㣬һ뼯ж̼䣬Ƭơ
Ŀ֮£ŵðһ˳򸾣ŵñһš
ȴǣǡ򶨣˷һƣ˿ŻʣٲȻд֮硣
ǰӰٿһֳֳһʸĺӣȻǰٹŵһǰ
ȻֵǵȻŵһ
κηӦһڳԵҲƳһϳͬһΪ롣
ʵֻ֮ŻʣôҲû뵽˾Ȼбȣ¾һˡ
ԭһ˫йٱʣм仹γ۽ָ߳ѨֱǰҪ
˹ֽһһµȴһ⴩ֱ߱߻˳һѪڡ
ѽϻ̴˴Ƭ⡣
ֱ˵ﻹս⧼䣬šˣƲݳȴ෽ȻϮ
Ӱ֮䣬ѱر¶ͷ£ǰ
Ǹǰһ̤ŵϻ⣬̤֮ûҰ
жɿ죬ƷϨٳ
һ죬ǰ죬ʱסܻ֮Сһʱ֮䣬裬ٳһƬ𺣣˸ҫһƬԲͬ磬ԶΣԳ۵ס
һһ㶼֣ΪȲʤȯٲڲأ漴ڳһơ
Ϊ֮ˣǼط֮ǸĲɷ࣬һѰƣҲͲٲزض㣬ֻϴһϮƮƵķ¿ɫף峤ڻӳ淢Ե棬ǵС
ߣһڰ׳ӵĺӣǱˣǷɻһλ񵯽ȫͬˣԼھ֮ǶԷһеȫ
˷𹥣Ȼ֮Ԥı
ÿϵһϮɫ¿ǰδ״
ǰƣ񵯽ȫһˣɢһࡣ
ʹվĲλҲ˼áԭƷգΨһδլߣֻΩһ֮һ·ԣֻסڣ㲻ѽԷһٳɼߡ
ȻǵıҪܹ٣öԷ֮ͼҲͲһԹĻˡ
ȴûϵһǸһѿƣȫլ⣬ǰƣǶۻ𣬽⣬֮һΪ۵ףʤ֣Է
ԼϷ򸾣羭񴦲䣬Ϊ˷ء˵޺֮ǣȫ³ͻϮԷԼԵĴ
˼̣򡢷ϬȡĬ˴˹ȸߣһн̸ɽжиǣҡ
ŻˣڵҰԷ֮һж޲ȻĿԼ򡢷֮漼ɳ䲻⣬ơ
һУĿŵǰĳƣǵ֮ԷԽԽԤ֮Żʧ롣
ֻ񵯽ȫ𳤹һ֮߳ϣͻȻЦ
СˡһߺȣϵԸµҹ̶
ƺӼ𺣣ǰѹϣȻٺ٣ˮ飬ǰֻ𺣡޼ӣ
ڣȣȣһö裬ƫУл
ǸΪȼҡҡۣǰԵһǳܲסʱжۣһ죬ͬŴƬܣһһʱĽ裬ƶ˵ľѼһӰٿذοն𣬷·ȼ˻ƾ죬һֻż˸ϵһ㣬Խ
Ŀ֮£ǵ⣬߳׷
ˣ𣬲ػ֮ƣ˼
񵯽ȫˣ䲻˭ֻǶԷǵһˣȴ϶
ǵĿֻǹ٣ȻǱһǿУǰ֮ƣȴܹΪһҪէӳǵ֮ˣΩֹӣԲ뿪
ôһ˼򡢷Ƶơ
¶ݣǿݡ
һϮȻΪ٣ƣαԲΪˡ
˲֪ǼƣԷ׷
ִĸȤ
һݶ׷ܣ紩൱ǰеķǺȻŲ
ˣԲŹʱ¼ӿ죬һݣѱƽǰ
˵һİ
ȴΪ˴һϮ¿жϲв㣬ǰֶȴǺѵ
ǰؽӣһ߳һܣ͵һ˫йٱʣֱŶԷ󱳾
ۿŻҫۣԶԷΪΪˣ˷ԵУȲʤȯ֪˫ʷԵݳǰ˺һת
ǽҲ˵һתȻУһϮȼлĳ£ճ
һ£һƬ⣬Էתƣ˫֮˼ǰˣǲ
һȼ£֮עȴǴǵС
·ͻȻֱݶԷκηӦѽһѱȼл±ʺɨ
ѪֱתҶһӴתͨˤ⣬ʱɥȪ
Ǹˣֳһ˫ѩһ룬ʱ뷽һȽֵǸ°ӡؾ
˫էһ棬б鲻ͬ
µľƫƫһ֮£ųһ亹ʱ˿̣ﻹü
һ֮࣬Хһ˫ͻȻճʩƽԳľؾ硣ѩȦ⣬Ƶģֱȫն
Ҳ˫⡣
˷ۺ졣ٲĴϢ¹տ
·գΡ
էȻཻһ죬ŷǷɾĳ£˫ֶ׹־͵ء
˸ģһˤϣڳֵ˫ֻھѣֶѪ
˸ɢﻹսֽһšˡ
ȴǣΡ
ӷݳӰط֦ӭ֮죬缲һ
ǰһ˭ѱԷ̽һֻ¸
һֻһ飬ӷҲƵĵɶɳ߰˳֮Զײһþ񣬱Եز
Ѹײڶַ֮˶Է£һ棬漴ֿ
ַཻĵ֡
ܣδ
һ⣬ʱ㣬λѰȫɣڳǰ֮⣬ٲκΪƱƳ
Ŀ֮£Ǻɡܲɹ٣ͬ˾㶼𺣣
ɲԭּ⣬ο֮ǰʱһٽŹҪ׽ѵӳˣͷʹһʱΪ
Ӱէ񵯽ȫȻǰ
ãǾŹˣôûӰ
һѵˣ
ܣȫ˵ô˫۾ţܣҽȥȥ
һ٣֮ڡ
ƱϱϰŨ̹⣬ȵܲˡ
˵Ǵз¿ֻһ㳣²ȼնѣҪ棬һղ˻ƲҪ˵˲룬һֻ𡢷ҲзԽ
ȫΧŻһȦղܵ϶룬ƣլ粻ӳ޻ף졣
һƬǹһѣŵæ˺󼸲ֻӳ
ȴ֪ƷһƼ磬ֱϮ֮䡣
ǰΣǻҡСС
ȫתſһʹһһ̽а
һѪֱ˴ӿһʹ
ȴһһӰѸײڶ͵˵
˵ƵʩչǼɽƹȫȹ֮ˣ⧼ܷ
ȫѡƹأѣΪ˲Ǵ񣬿˵һµ˽յĶתֵһƺƼ˶Է˵
ǣ
һУ붼շйءȴǳֺݶ𣬲Ƽ֮Ļƣÿ顣֮ƣӦǸۣУݻɱ˵ļʹȻڼҲ·һ
񵯽ȫӲһתӭӶģȴɽĴͦܲסڽྡݵĲʹֱֱص
һѪֱ߳ߡΪһѪ꣬ƮƮ䡭ˡ
ɽèƵģԾǰ
һڿɽʩ˾ͷͿȴǲ֪ôһ˶Է
һ⣬Ӳǲˡ죬Ѳʮ߶ɻж꾭ƽϵӲգȴǹʹλ˲£˽մ˿³
ͽ
̼䣬ŵǰˡԲͦϴĸͷϡǵãǸշģһδ꣬շһֻԳֻһѰסĲӣһһշʩչĪ˵ǷѪ֮ˣһʵľҲܲסһʱ䣬ڱʳŨŨѪ
ɿӣҲ̱
һ߳ãವذ
ӭļأֱ콫
ɭɭһڳֱͷ䡣డһδȣһµƵĵ˳ȥ
״һ㿴ǰˣǡ㡭
ˮѺ⣬˫ԭǾʶȻĵ𾪣ʱĻ롣
ǶԷһʶԼеļһѴ𣬵Ƶģ˸շӶѣԼһɾȫ˸ȫû³
һֱ֮ŵ͸ķ
ɲ׽ʱ򣬻ڣһֳճڽļ˲λԽһ顣
ڴһ֮һεذ𣬽Ʒ
ɻø֮𣬵ȻˢӣֶۣӦ񵯽ȫʵй֮ҲʱƵ´󽫣Էǵ֮
ݳӣӣչһʽƯĿȸַһ⣬֮䣬ֱżȫ·ֱ¡
һֵǮͣһ֣Բ⣬ȫչ֮С
ȴѷˡԳжڹϦϰԭڹһܹãӦ䣬ʩչ¿һ찵ȴҲɲسԾֻھۣ˽һӣһƬһƽǮϤ
ԭ״һŭ߳һһʽת磬нˢػӳһ⣬ֱȥ
ȴǸڼһʽɱ
ॣ˻һ㡣
оһ죬ԷԷе֧ǿڱУ˵Լᡣ
ȴǣлʽؽת飬һͷӹҲ෽˰һѪڡ
һһתƵת˳ȥ
ɲһǰˣӰΣ˹ȥ
ྪһ߸ȴǲ˦Ѽ֮䡣
һһ˫ɺֿư׺ףޱȽ룬ա
һʽνʩչü䣬벻ȻӲԷĿ
һʩչȫһ˲ã񴦣էкһƬѪִֻֽ֣꣬ǽڣһն
תϮˡ
థӴһֱƵֱͨ۵˸䡣
˵ȴǶԷһɭɭĳǰֱָüġ
ĵӣҲҶɫһԴײ
֮࣬£⣬ˣЩ˵
󴦵Ѫһʱ˲֮ģԭ̳ĳͣס
ȴϵּۻ۵أһʱĸ⡣磬ֹסѪһǰ͸࣬麹ȴǣ˫أ侲̧ͷԷʱ޵֮⡣
벻αض˵ͬϵһ͸ˬɣһüǺӣ
ڣҲͱ۾۲Ĳ֮УԷϵ飬Ҳһ˰ˣ˸ɴࡣ
ȴô¡
һ꣬ǵмԭüҲΪ֮ʧ
̲סٴ۾ԷظѾˡ
ڱϱϰš
¡һݼܵڣɢʲս˵ζ
ȻڵƽȴҲһݵ壬ɱ˷ŻĹƽǲмΪģա
ǰĲСʲôˡ
ص̾ϢһҡҡλεվӣѲĿڵϿԼһֻ֣ﻹŽ
һᣬĵ𣬾ʳᡣ
ʱʱǸӰƵģľŴ⣬ޱɭ
Ƕȥˡأ
ѲһҲ
ô£ѵˣ˵ʱӰͬһضϱҸ¡
һϿ֪
һߣһУл˵֣ȴһҲӦһһʲء
֮£Կˡ
񵯽ʬһʱ䣬ɲסһε
ͻȻķ֣ʹǰʵ˵ԼһͬоˣųԼ֮⣬ɥȪ
Ȼõʵ֤漴Ϊʬ
֩Żǰһһϸ󣬹µĻ飬һȥ˵һжԼʧжϲ¡
룬Ʈ֮Լͷ˾ʱ֮飬²˽
˷ȥøһˣʹԼ˶ϱ۷ϣһԼкĿȥ
һ֮ˣ쬡ǿǵ䣬ֻžٲѣ߲ˡ
ѽ˥䣬ʱ
ڵǰһƬƲݵϣ˼ǰôҲȥˡ
ģһֻ֣򳤽ȴǳе֣Լѣش˸£Ի 







 

  
ʮһءˮ 

ƶʱ컹ʮǰ£ббعϡ
ˮһİףյĺ䣬ɭɭ˽
ڴϵ٣һ˫첲滹еûţɣס٣һ˴˭֪Ǻ«ʲôҩ
˵Ҵ󴬣ǺһоʱۣȻһܱ˲˵Ҳ˼ҵˡˣ˼ҵķӣô֣Ҳ೶ƽ
Ʈһ棬ǰһ̣ȫû³֮ңǰδ
ء֮£쿪ʤһ£ı
ϸ㱸Ϸ򸾼Ⱦ׫ͲؿеһУĹ򣬵Ūһӵļʳ
С㣬ӶˣԵ㶫ɣɩŹе΢Ц뵽ϣΪһࡣ
ļ࣡ɩ˵ЩԣأҲԲꡣ
漴Ϊǡظһ룬¡
ѽٶ룬ż۾һﶼеóԣǿܣ
һЦ˵óҳԣΣһΣ˭֪
һô£ѵʲô
ҡҡͷû˵Ȼû˵ʲôȴ
˷ɱ˽ۣҹУܲν֮ѼٷһҲۣǣȴƮ㣬ࡢɡʱһо˵Ⱥ֣֤ƮǴٳĪν֮СʤʵԷӴ
ʱգν֮գʱԷӴΣ
һ裬ٴ˵ĵˣʱκһˣζǰвͬ
֪һˮ½棬ƮʵӴʱյƽϢѲأƮ۽ı֣̲ԣʹˣҲݷŹĿǰƷչգǷնɣؼգɾ֪ˡ
ٵ۾ǣȻֻ΢Ц
һԵֻǳļ࣬ɩչ治СҲúóԡ˶Եýζ
³ǼءǾߣҲݷſġ
ϰϰ磬ֱɺϮ
һĴǳš
Ҵ󴬣˫ΦķеڣϸãĪν½ʹ֮׺Ҳʧ
ҹɫҹȫŰѶ档˲ղһ֣ˮдҲΪΪĸԷǵС
Ϸ򸾿ƽȴҲһ档
ڷ緫Φ˿֨Уǰ
ųҹɫһۣɩ˵ϣϲҪ²źã㿴أ
˭֪˳ҡҡͷҴһۣȻüͷһ壬ǿʲô
һ󽭷紵𣬴һˮĳ
һ˫ΦķҲͬԼһģĴ󴬣ɽͻȻ˳
˫벻̫ҲԶԼ߰ɿ⡣
ʲôʱ׺ǵģ
֪ǵһҪСŵ㡭
һɩʵҲƱûˡ
ȴһԷ˵ƺţһ˫ֳֵƣ״ζѣһ˼Է⺬ĵƺţ
ɩګګ˵ˣ
˳˵ˣѵ
Ӱէߡ
ƮĴ׺ˣ˳̧ͷ˵һ䡣
˵ĵԷ˵ƺţ
˳˵ѯǵ֡
һɩѳֵƶ
˳ӹһۣԵװã˵ƺš
ԷĬһƺţƸӡ
˳ȴŲæػһƺšһǺЦãѲܶģ
Ӧ
Էڽӻ˳ƺ֮Ĭȴңң׺Ųᡣ
شǾԷ޴ѡȻҲһԷ򸾣ѰȴôҲ뵽Ǿͨ˵İԷĵƺҲշֱ֮
ô
˵֮䣬ǡҲǰ
ϴ΢΢ЦһɴݿżصΪʲôǵĴԭˣ֡ɩһвصģɸǡ
ꡣԷ󴬺˵ƺš
һθΪӣŵ˳ӺȵģˣĪҪ©ˡ
ᣬ㲻Ҫ
໥Դ𣬷򸾶ֻ۾˲Ҳ˲ֱţ䲻˷ĵƺš
һС񡭡СĿĵط򡭡һڶٯ˵ţɩɫ򶨶˳һĴȴݿúȤ
һֱר˾ҵİӶȴ֪ѧд˸УէȻǰ龰Ǿ죬ֱסˡ
ǶǷ򸾣ȫʼգֻ΢ЦָʾǼƬ
漴˳ִڣˢˢԷ˴󴮵ƺš
һʱ֮䣬Ƶŵƿкǡ漴˳ĳһƺ֮󣬼нŵƴϨԷᡣͬʱ˫ͬʩ緫ͬʱһʱ䴬ٴǰ۶
򸾶˲ԷſģܴϿ
СҲˣ䣬Сһ˵ɩæվ𣬶һӹ¡
һЦס֣˵ģôѽ㡭
Ϸֹ޺棬˵һ䣬תǿš
Ҳһ֡
ǲЦôʵ֡ɩԭǵˣʶ˹磬ͶǷ򸾹ȥ߹ʮ֮ãƮ¥޾ϸв֪Ȼ书˳ᢣʤʮױ
ӴɩһЦүôһ˵ǳˣأ
˳ǺЦŨصĴǰ黹ɶӴΪһӢһȴרŸЩ캦˵飬˳ǰ۾ϹˣŻȥ̺ħҪǹңļߣǻһֱأ
˵תˮ޵һڣ޲мصӣɶƮ㡢Ʈ¥
¶Ǹɾˡ
ɩֲ˼ص˵ɣżСǰ˵˵ġ
һЦûйϵһɩһ·µ²ڣ룬ѾҪȫûˡ
˳ʱɫһϲǿǴ֮¡벻Ҳн죬̫ˣ̫ˣ
̸ʾмĳޣ̸𣬾ǲ̽ġ
йϷµһ澭Ȼ۸һ棬ֻ˳һҧгݵӣ֪仳֮йر˽ҲͲʡ
ԭһЩйضɵ飬ȴǰʱ򣬻ߣָס
һЦղǵƺͨۻң˵Щʲôܿ˵ɣ
˳ЦҪλ档
ѲܶɳģܶڴϣΪܽ´Ҫȫ䱸ʱɻȡϵǲҪǮ֧Ԯ
ǵһͷŶڴϡʶ
سδãȴʶˡֻ֪ƮһӴڵ֯ɻãȴ֪һѲܶ棬ɺܶԼƮ֪㣬дһ˽⡣
˳ƮѲܶ棬׽ݶɣֻһֶ棬ܲԳ
ɩһԴǻպԭΪʱϣҪԹμŸ˵ڣûй
˳ЦһʵǹжλڴϣҲ£ðպĸڵʡԺְţСڴϡˣ
ǵúܶԣ˵ȥ
˳˵󴫻Ҫǰ౾ؼϴ˵Ҫ䣬ҡ
һǺȻҲһˣ˼ƮʲôҪҪȫĪˣ
£
ǡؾΪ֮һ
Գɽɾʾ»أͬСɡ
̲סʵľ
ǰ治Զ˳˵һʱ͵ˡ
˵ǵȻȥ
˳һЦ˵Ȼǰ·һ̽һ̽̽ȥľأ棬а죬ԵڣѴ£ͿԸͷˣ
ص˾Ϊ֮һϲ⡣
Ϸ򸾶Կһۣص΢΢һЦ
˳˵Բ𣬲Ȳ˵رǣҪǲ졭ΪʲôһʱԲۡ
Ϊ㿴ɣ˳Ц˵˵үǻƢְ˵ΪҪСİΣԶȥҪǺһȥͷ
ǹһЦøţȻǶڹô˵֮£Ҳ֮ˣ
շӵҲһ֪ѾϵǸǱסˣҪĶǶˣʣֵǮļҾߣյķӣҲˣ
ɩһЦһ䣺еǮɷԺµ
һ׹ֵߵʱһкҲԼϷһɴݣԭҪǨΪ
صظϵǰڣȴΪʲôɾѰζ
Уػϣϣʵžۡ
һͷٿ𡪡ĪѾ˸Ϣֻ۾
ͷһ𣬴ʹΪ֮һʱѣת򲨹ԵĽˮȥ
緫м
ӣɩվתһߣѻһӣǰ
С㣬еԣ˵ٺϣȳ˰ɣ
ٲԸĺ⣬ӹһЦ˵ãٹ죬ҷǳɸСӲˣ㡣ɩЦӯӯС񻣬һÿ
ֵз磬ȥø漴תڡ˳һЦٵҪ裬͹һٵĹգҪСһ㲻Ƿ򸾿ɾͲˡ
һ˫ӣأһЦ
еګګλ綼̫ңҿҲ̫ˡ΢΢һЦһ˫ڰ׷ӣ鲻Խ˼ϡ
ñط꣬ڼϲǿһۣҲ
һλѾϷ򸾶Ҳ˵ȴҲ֪λǸ˲õʿءλн֮ãӢˣֹɡ
Ǳ˴˵飬ɩǿģɲסЦ˵ˣСҪһ˼ңҪҺ˳ȥһӣѽóԵĸǳԣС˵òã
⼸仰δ˵̫¶ˣҲŲ˼ЩҲס
ԲѷԻ⣬˳һվ
ΪͻȻֹ㶼һ
˳֮ҲƵĽϣسǹһ㡣
͸ããһƬϡԷֱһҴӰ˫ΦķĪǰ˵Ŀ촬ȥ
ͻȻķ֣˶Ϊ֮һ
ˣ˵ķһЦʾ
ǣֻˡ
˳ɦŰ׵ͷΪʲô
ٶȼ죬緫˳鮣һǰ۶
ɩŲٵС㣬ǵȱһܰɣ
ǵŵ㣬òŻţ뻹Զ
΢΢һЦ˵ԤУܾǻȻһõȫϢ˲ɣҪ̲һ£磬㿴Σ
ǺһɾˡȲҪţ˵
˫룬ʮ֮ԶʹƺҲ̫Զˡ
˵Էһ㣬ݴ͡
һЦͷ˼ȴΪ˻书ҲС
˳˵պһˮҪСˮסˮ֡
˵ǽǵľˣٶȷɣ
˳Ӧһʱ緫ԭţ漴棬ʱٶȴ
ڼأʮ㣬֪书׿ԽԼã侲ţһ̷ԼܼˣءҲҰѹΣ֣ʵ֤صһˣȥĳ뻢Ѩ֮ʱӲʩԲκΣ˷ӣҪٳӦΣ
漴ЦԸƮ㣬ľ飬ԶҪḻö࣬ȴ֪ǰδ㣿
˵ĵѽνӽǰģֻƹƵȻźš
˳Ŀתעţ˵˵òҪͣô
ͣ
ȥΪʲô˵
ʱɩѽźŵƵ˳ӹ漴Դ˵ƺš
ԷպԳƬּ̣
˳һЦ˵нҪǾ͵ش
˵ƽһսȲҪ̫ӽǰУǵģܿҲͻ֪ˡ
ô˵˳һʱŪô£ԶУɴѺŵƷ£ǣأԻǰƶ
Ǵ˵ǿˡ
һЦ˵һڣһʧθȴҪ̡
ѽо˧ָӣ˵ɣҪô
ֻѡ˵ʱһ˫ӻˮƶ漴΢΢ЦԷܿȵ̽ϴ󴬡
ӴɩȾ;ŵؽߡ΢΢һЦûϵĵӽԼС
𳳣˵
˳һţ۾ȴȫעȻԷѴȤ˽δûһͷԴͻ¼ԷǼʶ͡
ϾһҪӮñ˵𾴡ǲ׵ġ
˵ĵѽȽԼʮɿ⡣ƺƵߴŶԷͣ졣
ˮϺͬīȾ˱˴˴ΦϸĴɢõĻƹ⣬ǿɼʵĴżкŵƵƥڴ˾ҹƶһ׺
١ɩͷ΢ЦΪ˰ȫвա
ŮһЦԶСһ߽ȥɩֹ˴ӣ෴ģȴְһȴӴ
ѽС㡭
ʲôѽİɣ˵ģ
˵ʱ¥֧ڳһֵӡɩ޿κΣȥ۵һϵһյƴˡ
ʱһƬڡ
ȴǲٵƾ
ҴԽӽˡ
ԷһңںֱһɽֱϮ
˫ֻ֮߰䡣
ǵվ洬ϡһָǺڣԤϱ߲ˣ
һЦ΢ƣ磬Ʈϡ
˳˵ͣͣأ
ҡҡͷԷ˷Ȼбز٣뷽޿η֮Ув⣬ܲͣסң첻֮䡣˳Ӧˣ
漴һ緫Էнٲ죬ٶѾһȻּӿһЩһһ죬պóƽ
˫֮ľ룬಻٣պñ֮䡣뿴棬ʵѧʣȴ˶ԷĶ̱ӣʩչ
ϢԴŻˮһ죬ԭ棬Ĵڴߵһ˻ѣֻ˵Ķɾͬ
һءģˣ
һˣӰէ
һˣ͹ˮϡŲ롣
һԣ㴦Ʈ磬ӰεѰ
ڲԼŶԷͦߵĸͷһͳˮˮһմڹﻹżһü̡
ôҲûϵԷճôһͱԷճסˡ
һ֮£ˢصӡȴһǵһ˫ָƳ֮࣬ƫУòĺͷ
͡˵ָһֲ֧棿
һ֮£ͣ
˼ֱһҲ˫һֱͦͦص
ѷˣһµӻ£԰ѶԷӷ
ҹֱʲôҲ
Ѹײڶַ֮䣬˷ŵŵӹµµһתԳʬ䡣
ôȻ⡣´ݾߡ
ΪڶֻˮҲˡǸһҪ΢һЩȫϢˮͷ±һʹ˽
ǰһҪˣȴȻӲɷǡ
ʹǰһһҲƵģǶȻ˹˸磬صӡ
ȴйˡ
ʲôҲûУҪתĵһƵ˹
˱һ˫ˮ⵶ϣγĵѱԷصָ⣬ĿѨϡ
һֿ棬ʵݡΪĿһѨΪѨ֮һˣһ黨Ƶı̱ʱˡ
һĻɱ˰Ϸݵþ죬˲֪ȴǷֱ˼ء˳
ֻôĿģڼصͶء
һ顣һŵԤʱలƬ̡
Сĵ̽״ϣһţ֤ʵԼĲ²󣬲ԷĵƮա
غЦӭô
ˡ˵ƽˡ
˳صֻ
ţ˵ŵ
һ֪ٽ⣬һǣʾ漴ܲٵһûϢ
˵˼άʱ
˵Ҫ
桭ģһҲסˡ
˵ưɣ
ԷŵƺţһٵҪͣ´ȻڼصȳҴȫҪȴǰɳת֮󣬲ܶϤһС
ֻȴӴ򹷡ȥ޻ء
ھú򲻹֮󣬵ڶȻǶһˮˮ
«
ȫһǰεľ飬һθ㵱
ˣֱϱûüɥڷǵĵѨָ֮¡
֪һԵؾͱƽǰͬߡ
һϣ˿
˫ȻǱȾǰĸ˾ȥ޻أһֽΣ
ҪˣǺȻһǴڡ
˵ϸû˽֮ǰǲóȻ䣬ңŹǴϣǱ˼ɡ
΢΢һ٣˳ʵѲܶʵΣ
˺ܶ࣡˳˵֮ܶ⣬ĸֶ棬򶼲
ô
൱ǲӵṦ֮߳¡
ôͷˡ
٣Ӱƹ£һ˺ҲƵģֱڿնʩչӳˮṦ
ھӿ£ˮһ
һ֮£ǽˮƮʲ޳ƣһ
࡭µ磬ƺӥ֮ĳᡣ
ĿʱѸ߸֮ϡ
һɫ˿ʳ£Ʈ쵼һŴ仨ܡƱ˿ľջ֣ʹĵƹ֮£档
ԭƮλ̳֮ϵĸ߼ְ˾һ԰͵ıź£һʮӦʮ
Ѳְܶ˾ߣУϱԼɻӦٲ֮䣬λ硣
ΪˣλѲܶĺŻдĿڶ
ʵֺֹĳһˣƮÿһˣԸƾǽܳ书ټϱŵӴȷܣ
ȴǽҹݻͬ
ŵĽܳȷŹţΪˣԲϧգڼȵ
ӡ
Ǹʲô࣬Ҳ͸¶罻屳ǶαǸʲôȴһ˫ǵӣʮб֮ơ
Ͳˡ
вվŹİΣȴͷһ̣˷ǡ
ǰһǳʱ
ͬģڴˣ
ǣں׹һɲǣչĹơ
ꡭһɾ磬ŷӴӰֱ˵
˵Ƶŷ̽ȡһֱԷǰĻ䡣
һʽ棬ʵ㳬ݣܾϡ
ֱΪԷǸУҲʵʩչڹСһƷ֮
˴оΪ֮һ
ƺΪ֮һէӭŷǵƣ˸Ȧӣط𣬷ӰƮ䴬ա
̬֮ǡư׺ףʣʤӣ 







 

  
ʮءƴ½ˮ 

̤һ߲֮пˣͬʱ֮ų˴ԪܲʶһΣһ
Ӱ֡
ɲؽǰסȥ·żصǿ֮ƣųһʱ䣬ϳ
㼯б֮£ɲסٴκһȴΪԷһǡ
ҲƵ¶ɭɭ
պķ˺ٺһЦͲˣƮûôһ˵Ĺأĳ۾಻ɳӣ򿪴˵λĵϵѣΪʲôð䱾ˣںΪպϴһȭ
еǰ䲻ƣ֮
˴޽ҲǵһԷ֡
ȴǲȻֱɺãôѶʶˣ
ǰ̤Է档
ϡ¹⣬ڿ˭ˡ
ԭ㡭
ǣʵúȴǸɴࡣ
էǶΪ˴һȭɫһ𡭡
ʵԭǰµһҹǷǵƻһŵĴ뵱ոٴֻĺйһսʧڶԷ£Щɥ
鰵ãűѩܣȴǶԷƺףԭģȻˡ
³⡣
˼棬ۺ졣
Ǻһȴ򶨣Ըٴμ̤ǰθޡ
õúܡּˣһΪҲԵ棬ȴǹʹ벻ˣ
ͽԩ·խԷעţˣҹſһˣ
˼
һ䣬¶׹⡣ĿһתȴһԼȥλǣ
أ
һڣɫһʾżȲ졣Ϊ֣Ʈ֯ѽ췭ظƮ¥±˸Ϊ˴£ҪܴѺ̳
˵ۼ˵ٳŹһ𣬺߸Ʈ¥ֵܽһٳܣΪ龫ǣѾġ
ҹȴǲȻˡ
ԭӦʮ־ϲ֮£ȴΪȻ뵽ԼεӰֻǰһ˶ԷЩԾġ
Ƿǡض֣ʹԼţȴǲҪǵĵźá
֮ԭǼʧʧżأһȭһ˫Ѳ֮£Ϻأ˶Է֮⣬
ȻǾŹڴϣҲȴԼȺˣһĪǾ˶Է֣
ôһ룬סȻһ˿⡣
ŷԷվ֮㣬ʵѧʣԼжδ֮ȣܵǣơ
仰˵Ҳֻǰһ棬Ƕ֮ҪͥʵѲܡǶ˱һɱţδս֮ȣѰԼƽǡ
һ֮ɲסһս
ȴһһķѲٻƷɻһƬѷǰһ䣬
аɣܶ˫֮£ʩչǼʵ˫ײʽɾһǽֱ϶Ҽ
һӭȴһմˣһת֮䣬һ˫С
צѳС
ڹͨȻִƣ׺׵ʮָצɭɭ
ʩչűеΪ࣬˵Ǵ˵һмҡ
˫֣һԷ𡣺צһһ£ֱŷ
м죬硣
ǵһڳ͵ˣ׹һ磬ֱȡԷǰġ
һض˫Ϊ⡪ʮְĵһܣॣУһƬ𻨡Ϳֵĺצ𣬷֮䣬ֱץ
ˡһֻצȻͦԽһƣֱȡԷǰġ
ǳأ͵ҡƣ
ôٵĳ֣Ȼ˸ա
˫㶯֮չʵĽӴ
˻弤£
ҹ磬룬ҹɭ
һ˫軨Եƾеŭӥ
ӰѣȽӡ
Ϳﶣһнһα˴Ƭ𻨡źӰӵһɷ֣צô͵һ˺˶ԷһƬ
ȴǷǵһڳֶͣ˺ļѡ
ΡѪӿ
ش˸ģצŭƵ÷˺һĵӰ䴬ߡ
ǣվһļȴǷ
Ʒ䣬ǰӰżĽ֮ƣէйһڲˮĳԴϡ
ô͵ӣ಻֮ͻȻסǰƣ֡
һԭ֮⣬ֻ˳һƣһͷѱסƽйƵĹһʴ֮ģֹͻɱ֮䣬ͣ˺ͷ֮ϣȴѺ˸ɢѽһ֮£δȴҲɲסȫսšצֶ׹򴬰塣
һƹֱǰϡ
Ҫá
˵˾˳ĺŵƣƥһǿ⣬ֱյú
ƹ䴦ԷȾѪϡȻǵһǲᡣ
ְɡɲܷŹˣһﻵ͸ˡһ˵ţ˳ܵǰ
ԭѴµͷֱرӹȴҲһӣڴصҪͷȴҲģԷ˵һ
˳ǲƫͷشѡһԵķҲֻԹۡ
ڴ֮£غЦһ˵ˮ㲻صȥô
ϲԷȻ侹дһʣɵһ㶡һЦ
Ż˰ɣ
ǾͽԵΪ֮
΢٣תһԷţΣһ£
ɫĿ⣬תȥ
һЦǰһֵʴȡĺñҪҵɾûô˵ˣ
˼ã
ԣ˳Ĳѽ
һЦ˵ɷһԼȳ׷ֵܼ˵ˣһз֮ҷȥɣ
һЦ˵С漴ѹڶԷϵĳ
һٿԾʩ˸Ӳ֮ƣ۵ˮС
ƹ֮£ˮϲ᷺һ˿·ˮķԷټӣһ㣬һݶȥ
һˮṦֱǰ˿˸Ŀɿڴ
˳ϣŽˮһۣ̾ˣˣˣ
һЦ˵ԭǷܵġ漴תص˽ƻթƮйǡ¿أջܣȴΪʲôˣ
˳ٴ̾һܣ̫ˡ
΢΢Цһμ棬ܸЩ֣λΪģҴ󿴰ɣ
ǺٺЦԸĺñɣ漴ת˳ǵÿȥˣ
˳Ӧһ漴Φ𣬴漴ǰƶ
ݵöλ̶֮󣬴ٽȫǰ
ǡزβĵдΣȴ
֪ˮٺãǸ˲ᣬԲƽˮᲢۣԼԸƲٺ׷ΪУǴɷġ
Ҵ󴬵ľԽԽԶںȫ
ǻ˵ƮǴٳδã˫һսʱˣ֪ϴ󡢹϶Ǻ«ʲôҩôĴ㣿
ҿеﲻסˡ
ǣƺ«ӦúܿԽ⿪ˡ
ô
½ݵСֵܣԾ塣֮£ȤȻתš
жϲһյףǰǼ֮ȫ⿪
Ҳ֪
ң˵ΪҲӦþǸԶˡ
΢΢һЦʮָп˵գһҲܹˡ
һôΪ
΢΢һͷ
ȷôΪֻǰƮİ˷ͣһž㼯ĳ棬֪ƴѰɽ¥кϷǳˡ
ͨ
ƬƬ˻ҲƵɴϣͷŪʪˡ
֪ʲôʱ򣬾˷硣
˳֮ʣټֻ䣬󣬲ϰ߳˴ˣеġĸо
еͷΣȴֲʧͯģ᲻ó˳˵ǰ֡
ҿ㻹ǽȥ˯ɣ˴䣡ؾվߣĵ˵
ƫţһЦÿһεע֮ʱŨ⣬ƺҲֻЦ֮
Ҳˣ
һˡ
ǺãٰˣһƵûţ˵òã
Ա
ЦղǴɱʱڲﶼˡ
£
ٺһҡҡͷһҲЩӣ¾ˣҲûʲôµˡҿǸ˷ˣ
صͷԭҲˣ˳Ϊ˲ã˵ˣ
ΪʲôأЦ̲ʧص߲亦㲻عͷô
Ҳֻˣ
΢΢һ٣漴ЦҲΪˣպģһ˲书֮һӣԽ´μ֮Եưɣ
ٵͷЦãкñҵƣպôɣ
˵΢΢̾ϢһҹһΣμҸ硭ÿµһΡ

Ϊ˱ʱɣصϰ߸ĿڳƺʵΪ΢΢һԻصͷ
ûм棬ĺ˵ҹȴǰݶˣҡ
һ٣Ż˵ֵǣ˵ͿҪˣҪҸգϷܣҲӦҪҲҪһ顭Ȼ˺ôҲ£һ⣬Ұѽؽһˣ
΢΢һЦûп
ϧҲΡεʲô˼
źڰ׷һ˫۾ɵɵţѵ˵ʾʲô֮ô
ȻһЦ˼˵ζ෴ģҪɾ̫ˡ
ز뵽ճƽ֮ʣϼ֮̾̾Ϣս˥ˣ޿ɾҩ֮ӡ֤ٽ֮ΣȻǼףһʱΪ֮ʱᣬޱġԳһǻѪ޻ȴѵ֮ʹ޲վϼһ
ΪֻҪʧ־Ӧвİ־ʿǰһҪǶļˣֺγҲ񣬴ҵɣ
дʵ˵ţĿ⾼
ٿǸжֻȴ̾ϢһǰЩǱߣԲԲ߹һЩϢ˵˼ΰ̣ܵúܲҡ֪ģ
ϢصȻҲ˵ˡ
ʵǣ𡢶ȴϰΧ£ʧɾ˵Ŀǰߵǧ֮ѲٵսֻɵҪʱͻΧԼ۸ѡ
Ϊˣص˲д˷־Ԯ۵ļƻʵʩ֮ܲεãǷؼȵңȴԼҲϸ˼ͬ˵Ľ£˶ΣҲϣһ֮ȫס۸˵ƺǱȽкʵʵ
ЩԽֳһϽˮޱߣһƺ֮ʹζκһѪ֮ܵġ
ʲôô˵
ٵ仰ʹȻƫԵĿ񣬽ӴԷĹΡ
һֻ֣ȴʱ鲻Խļϣ漴ץס
飬ڴָһϤضݹ
µͷ˻ѩ˱˴˶ĹΣʱ˿̣֪ңΪýκһ仰Ҳӹ˵ˡ
ƺʱԶԶ׺ˡ
ʵǣҵдѸĵУۣԲΪġ
תشյʱɫѽҹ
КGˣС촵
˯ˡ˯ּ˼ĺĸ硭 







 

  
ʮء׺ 

ʱ֡
⡣
ֱǳˮƵ˽ͷ
«׷壬ʱƫ滨ɫұ֮Уһ̬֮⣬ȴ
ԶԶͣ˴ȴֻһǰʵʵǳˮڴϺ
׺Ӵɽж塢塢壬ԭҹΪ֮һԭٺˣǵ̫͢浱ʱΪ֮ͭʲ粿󣬲ٶӵֳܷٲȻ򣬲˽档
յգˮһƬ⣬է֮£ϸڣ̲Ķͥٵ軥𣬽˻Ƨ׺ױȵԴ˶·þ
˳êʵѸǳ
ǰž죬ЩӯۣϺֱ֮ۡ
е񣬶ںȻ˫Φķ󴬣㶼棬׷׶ۡ
ǵնǰ龰ת˳ʵطô
ǰͷû·ˣˣ
һδѣȴˢһˮ죬һ泤ǡǰͷ£ƽ洬γһǽһǰ˾ǲܡ
ȴֻһƽ׿ۣ«Уͻأֱһֱ۶
ֺճݣ֮£ʸǰ
ֱ̬Ҫײһ飬նķһжȴָݺӵĳų֮£ͣס˫벻ߣ˻аߣʪŪһء
ָݺӣ׽ͷҶһᣬɫͭʵһݶգŭĿӣӴơ
ȴڴһ˲䣬ֱϰһӰһ䣬˴󴬴ͷһҴ磬ͷң̤Ьϵװ¨ģСɿݣȴֽýǵС
ͻȻľٶʹõնķΪ֮һһΣǰ
ʲôˣڣһƵأֱȥ
˺ٵһƷ䣬δվȣһۣƵӥԻ䴬ͷ
ȴһ죬෽һʻҿ촬
ֻƽ׼ףģһ㣬Ȼ«дڳҲƵĿǰҼһֹȴѰѶԷΧ롣
˷̣ѰԾþսķǿ಻Ŀġ
촬ϣ֧ݣһͣסۿżɻ𱬾棬ȴŵһϺȣ
ʱǸ
ͷСɿݣ߳ȴʮ㣬һʱķٳ¾š
ӺôӣҲһ£׺̶ģ
Сָ󴬣һ߳ѻ˵ˣģ
ԭطͨĴٻС򣬸һŨشɫ֮䣬Ը޿֡
֮£δ𻰣վ˳ǰһЦԼˣαˣֵܼˣϸաϦ̸ֻ¡
Сһڶ˭ɣ
˳һ֣Ҫ޸
С˼мشЦһȻԼˣ
԰΢ΣһƬҶƮԴ˳ȭֵλǡ
˳һЦ˵ԭ֣⸽ʮ⣬˭˲֪㷭Ĵ
һԵķ಻һ΢ЦȻ֣֪ⷭ
Ц̨ǣ
˳ҵ˵˵ڲ˵ҼүĴӢӦ֪
漴Է
ﰥӴһеҿˡ
˵ʱǰҪǴμȴΪ˫ּסһЦֺαˣӴֵǾղŵðݼһ֮
ٺһЦվ֮ȴһ˫С۾ӶԷΪȥ£ִ̫ҡ𡢼һ㣬أȻѾãէ棬Բúôһ
ǱȻ
ԾٺһЦ˺һȭСܷйУڴ̽үټԱӭӣȴϵô졭
΢΢һ٣ǰһطСˣһλ֪ûУ
δѣԲȻ֣žǡ
ȻоԷʿԭ˷棬һʱ̾˵ĽĻȴһ˫۾Ϊֵһòˣס
⡭λǡ
ˣǴΪҵȴл͵ľŹ£
ﰡѽһرݡ
ȴΪһֻסʾүˣ˴á
ŲŶ˸Լ
˺һͷԼֵܣ£æԼȥɣ
˫һģ߳
֮£̵ͷȥʱµȻΪ֮룬֮죬ж֮䣬뻭һһ֮¼֪Ǿþѵصλ
ǡؿǸˡҲ֪Χڻʵߣһ֧ʿȴ֪ɢ˹׺̶ǷʵϢڣȴǲö֪ȻҲؼһʱ
ۿǰһ֮߳䣬ɢ˿ޣǳˮֳǰĻ̫ƽҲûעһۣ˵֮ס
漴һԼ촬һ˷ܵصǰ˵ǿʮ죬£һȴֻˣ
˵ʱƽ׿촬һ˫ӳݳų֮£ʸֱˮɴ˫˻ˮҲƵء
ǽҲˮ㣬ԭѵռڣ޴ڣǰһߣ׷Ծôžǡ
էӴһöӴһʱͯģŲϴͷ쿴ϲüЦ
µģĪҪ̶ҲЦ۾ȥ磬ͷˣͷǸһ̣ƷƷ
˵ĵ¿촬ѳһƬ«έֻΪٰͣȴ֪«έ˸תһˮ
һ˫еǵ
ȴССһϪݣСȴͨ裬СխΣ¿촬·𣬴ٴһ㼴ԴС
ֻǼֹ̣ǰһ硣
˫ϱɽ࣬ȴڴ˱֮Уγ˴Ƭء
ǰһ淽ԲֻСˮ̶̶ˮ峺ֱ͸ˮ㣬ȴгȺ졢Ѽ䣬Ͻ㾭֮裬һĵׯڡİ֮ԼԼ෿ݡ
ָˮ̶˽ܵǰ׺̶ˣõطһ򵱹أĪ룡
ָ֮չ֧ˮͬʱˮһСԭ׺һ̶Ϊ֧㼯ոأȻˣ֪˭˷֣ڷ帴ҵأʵٺò
һƬ𸣬ͷӹ
Զ˻һҾͻسǰ

ԶԶһˣģһñֱԶʮУ˵ǹˡ
ףô֪ˣ
Цǻ˵ĺŸڿ죬ٰʮٳɼҪ˵·ˡ
Զǰ
վڴͷģĵĹһĶʳ£ǰװͷϵĿñǲ䣬ȴɷ
ݵ˫ܱϣӹЦúÿ죡ÿ죡
٣Ȼ
ӥӿƵģѵ˶Է촬ҽżⲻڴͷһ㣬ˢһš
ãһүһֺǬҪ̽ңȰʦˣ
˵˾㶼Ц
ǰһӭżأ˫ִΪ
һЦɺãɸ첻ַˣֵģСȥɾ߲ˡ
̲סЦ
࣬ࡣĿת٣Цһ·࣬Ӷ˰ɣ
ٺһ˵Ųأ۾ߵɩһСһʳʺȣ֪ԣˡɩҲ̲סЦˡ
ǵµѽ˵ǾǶˣҲû˹ܣ
ĸ˵˳Ȥ˵ãҲҪˣ
ɩЦЦ˾䣺࣡
ҲΪǰһЩա
漴ת˰׺̶ӭɽƽ׿촬Բͬ
һöأˮ־ڵڲգ˰͸ˮĳ֮⣬˽¶һ̤Ĺ֣㲢ãԿ졣
ӭù٣һֱ۶ǰʸת˲Ѵ˰
ж˵Ⱥ
Ϊ֮£һˣнΪͻһѮĳҶϼһǻٵǮö
뷽ǾǵһǼ棬Ҳǵ֣ǹȴƶԶƳ籸ͬʱҲ֪˶Ǵ˸׺̶ʵ
̸·ȣֹƣɲ֪˶书Ȼ֪ĺ֮ÿʿ֮۵ԽϤ͵ĸˡ
ǰҶǮˣ˲¶ıˣΪߣ򡢷˾ǰ֮
֣ڼصԿƮ㣬Լ¾ۡŹഫţ룬Ϊɶõ
ΪˣҶϼǮö˫ˣ಻Ϊ֮ף֮ٲöԼرע⣬
ѹڱ˱ʧ侭һرܣԲȴڰ߽˵Ĵݡϵˣ˼ִȷǸı䲻ס
òйһ񡢳صһУڹ֮£һݴԡ
ɣƴ죬ϣеĸоȴúܡ
ˣٲ˿شϢһ˵Ǳһˣ˭Ҳ
ĹشΪкܶӵǰųȻźŷ磬Ǿִ֮мԷϳ̸ף
һЦӵղŵҶǮϣ˵ǰȻʵۼǰ죬ڳȵ£Ϊ٣ȵ۹֮˱ˣ£ڴ˰׺̶ѣ˽һݻҵ
ԭˡ΢΢ͷ˴˶ݡ
λ˼¾ߣѵõ꣬һ书ȴҲûи£λ˼ԭΪˣȴδϵʵ۲ڶȼһΪ︴˴ҵЧⷬ׳־ʵ˸ж̸̾ѡ
һϲ㡭Ҹˣ
һЦס
ô˵Ҳˣپϲվ
ȴӦǰɣ
ǣһǰȥ
²ؼһʱϣôףģҪ
ʲô
ҪЦϵȻףȴ⣬ֻĿ»æ˵һͳȥˣҹǲܻ֪¼¼ȺúЪϢһ£˵
ٺһ
һֱû취֪ټ˭ҲŪ«ﵽЩʲôҩ
ȴǲ֪ʵһϵϣһжȫܣڰȫ֮С¹ش֣ʹٹ֮ף಻͸¶
漴ǲ٣Ŀһת漴ȥ
֪⣬ҪԼ̽΢΢һЦ֪
ٺݺݵصʹͼӣֻҾ仰˵شأ
˵ڣȥˣ
ͬһȥˣ
ţֻõһͷ
ͽ⿪еһţ֤סĲڣȥˡ
أ
ڡ˵Ҳȥˣ
˵仰Ӹɿһǲٶ̽ҲԺݺһۡ
Ŀ⽻֮£ζɲܡ
һԵķЦҵĹ̫󣬲Ǻ룬ܾסһỹΪϲߡ
һЦǿɾɲˣǶ֮ƽղһֱԹһ书޴ʩչôڻˣϼֵܣǸĸɺҵشһȴǲԺ
ԭ̫ҡۼ꣬ϷҪ࣬һڳֳļӣҲ޿κΡ
ǹЦǿҲֻƾһ仰ȴҪݼ֮󣬲ܾ
λݵ֮⣬һЦ͵Űɣ漴վ˵ŹˣúЪϢһᣬǵ˵صͷ˵ã漴վⲽͶĿ⡣
˸һƬԺ䡣
ָһ£ס
䣬ʵ޻䲻ıǰ£ȴҲྲɽ羰
ź󣬹˵סǰȴҪԼһЩҺչˣȻϰ߱ԼֻΪİȫһ׹أֹжȣȴҲã
ǺٺһЦظ¹գ˭ǻʵأǼˣûӣʱʹһǰɣ
ˣһЦô˵Ҿͷˡ
Ũüȴü֮󣬲ܾ
صͷҪһֵֵΪЧɣ
ˣһЦ˵⡣ʿΪ֪Ҫôһˣɣ
˵ʱ۾תǣ΢ЦܹϴظΪˣҲȥɣԼȥҲá
һЦͷ
زڹʱ۴Ҵһľ
һԼõƮĹƣܾβɣ˵ñסΪ˵ˣǲͬն
֮УˣӦǸֹжȵľӣǷǻڲУȴķն֮УзΣңֳȵķɣȷܿɹ
ǣ컯ŪˣȴҵĳʱмȵʰңʹΪº棿
ôţﲻį֮С𢣬ʵ˵ѲĴ룬֪֮ΪΪ޷ͼܱסԴպ֮ͼѡ
ȴǺġ
˵׺̶Բ⣬˵ڣＫǰȫǣ
Ѿ˵Ʈһʲôԣ
ейµȥ
Ϊ֮һҲ˵ˣ
صͷֻôѡ
ɫ˵Ҳȫ޻⼸㼯ʾƮ춯ڵصѲܶȻƵֻﲻȻ̳˾ͷ˽²²⣬ǰδڸѣ鼱֮£ԳҲδ֪
һü˵Ҫ϶Լȴúܡ
Ҫһ
һһɨƽɫ̬һҪֹĴ֣һΪȫ˳ᢣֵһ棬Ʈĳû٣Ҳǰ׺̶ͷʹ⣬ҶǮһٹգϣ˫ϣܹЧֹһĹǡ
漴˵Ϊ׺̶شƧãϽϢйƮʱ֮δش֪̽
ҡҡͷ˵ɾ˵¶Ԥϡ
һ漴ͷƮ㣬ӦñǶֵܣ֮ǰǸʲô
˵ɫصֻʱǣҲӦֲܣԼοɾͲֹۡȴŲźá
һЦһҧʮ¾ҿǱĸŻˡ
ؿЦһ£û˵ʲôȷǣƽһĴУʵֱۣ֪ûһܳҡ
ȴǣҲܶһ裬ԼЩɥһҹװʳΪɣ¶Ժīһǧ֮ʣסϵʺҪķչֱλãȴʵ
ҹعһ̶Է͸Ҳһ˰ˣҲûнһǷˡһδʼûһźȴҲ˵ǲǺڣȴǿԶԣϵ־飬ǲеˡ
ʵڰҹʱǰƣɫá
˵˰̣·ֱ𡢶ᡢ׿̩۵ļǿݵ㰲¡Ǳȴء
¡ؽʥ˸̣ʧǧŽе߰ٲоƴˣصߡ
ʥͷҿʵ۵˵飬ֵʥĻ
ͷ±ִԪ˧֮¿֮ǲ࣬ʱļս鲻㣬вסȽĻһӣɾһѡʵгۺǧս飬Ωһһ֧ս飬ǹصŻƶһʱнݱܵ˵Ǵȥɽĸ·᧿Σ׻ֶͦãʵԤϡ
ǰľ˿Σʵʵ÷ᣬ棬֮£˰׺̶
ʥݣǰʥʱɣ˱࣬ʵҲҪΪ㳭С߽·סһϡҹص˰׺̶ʵ۵ʱ޹
۵鼫˼ǰһ˹ſһҹֱɫףԻ˯ˡ
ŹٵѶ̽޹ʱõĳһʱ۲ת˵ˣһ񣬲룬Գ
Ǿñطꡣ
ı飬Ǽ仰˵ģ
˵һˣסˡ
ٹ˲þ֮ǣһ˶ǰ磡Ըڻʵ۵ļʹ
۵۾Ҳˣԭ˹һ͵ĺûϵ󣬸üɫ裬Ҳмֺʧ⣬̱Ե㲡
ڣϲһЩѪɫӵƶûйˡ
˾ͺˡˣıָһӣҪ˵
𣬽ʵۡҪȴΪס֡ˣûˣ˰ɣ
ǲȻ˸ͷ
㲵п˵ݶˡ
һֱ΢Цţǣ¶Ž׵ݣȻƯ
Ϲ쳣Ӯʱ򣬾ͳ̾˵еǣȴʧ֮
ϹΪ˹ǣ˵˫ȧߵͣƣˡ
ĺ飬һҲӦˡ
ŸݵݣٴĵϧͲò߷̵и˽⡣
ʺأ
˵һûţˣ
û˵͵ʲôطҲûʡ
˭ڻʵ۵߷أ
Ƕš
ֻˣټǵùȥ廪ɽʱ򣬻ʵ߻ˣһȴֻʣˡ
ˣˣ˵Ӳã־޶˶˷鷳
ٵһͷĵʣ̫ҽأ
ţʵ΢΢ЦţһҲٲķҲãʱ˯žҩ̾ͺˣ
۾תһתң̸̸Լɣ
ҡʲô˵أ
УУ˵ˣ
˵Щʲô
ܶ࡭ϴЦ˵һ·ŮװųƾŹӣô£
һ죬Ц˭죿ȻҲ֪ˣ
ֹЩ֪Ķ
һãէñãҲͲһ
䲻һ飬㷢Щ£Ҷ֪Ц˵˵ύһҪõѡ
Ҫõѣ˭
Ǹеģ˵ͦӢһСӣ
ٵʱΪţҲߺˣ⡭е¡顭˭˵ģ
˭˵ģֻû⵵°ɣ
ٵˣߵЦһЦٿŤȥҿɲ֪˵˭˭֪أ
㻹ӲŨڵĳüȤ˵Ҳʶ
Ҳʶ
۵ɫԽƽͣȴһ˿οЦϣֹʶ˵˻ҵľأ
ȣ
֣һЦ˽мǲǣ
һӾվ
йؼһڣ𣬼ر漰ȴɲ꣬ٴӲ⣬һɻʵԵĪоȡ
ӺͿΪЦˡ
˲ңҲ㣬ҵľǡ˵һֱǴ˵һ飬ŷˡ
˵ʲôǰݡ
ԭŻԣúڸǰټһû϶Լ¸ӡȴǲ֪ӡãͲԼĶһˡ
ŻͼصΪˣ˵ĸˣ͵ͷЦˡ
Ȼ뵽һ£˵˵ץȥˣ
˭˵ǣ۾
ôֳģ˭㣿
ԲԲ
ԲԲ˵˵ǸŮˣ
ٵͷ˵ʱٺúø˵ɣ
۵һͷٳٵ̧ͷ˵ҵļҲã¡첻֪Ǹְ˼˭
˵ץӱߵһдӣһ£һ
ʱ˸ˡ
򰲣
˵ʱſ˸ͷתߵͷ򰲣
ϳˡ㣬
ǹʱˣǸ̫࣬һֱߣ벻šö겻ˣǴ￪ġ
ū澣ū澻̺ϣ˵ţ˺һֶȺ۵Ĳǲ
ҶҪЩʲôҪЩʲôˣ
ǡūơ
ǷһóһСֽǷ˵
ͷţܹܰ㡭
˭
ǻǰԸļһλǷ
Ⱦˡ
һˣ۶ʱΪ֮üЦãתٵҼˣһģ
Ҳ֪
֪ô£ĸо˭Ҫһˣ˵ãſɾûš˼͸ʲôƵġ
ת򸣰Ķ
ڣǻͷŵʱ򣡡
Щãۼھ͸١
ǡūּ滹δģɴҲˣſֿ˸ͷתȥ
ޣϲиշġ˭
ǣ˵Ǽؽݵһֵܣ
ƺܸȤ漴Լ֪ĸ˵˸š
ԭˡ۸˵ص̫ҡҶʶ˲𣬶һñ£ԭǽݵĵ֣ѹˣǸշҲҼˣ
Ǹ˵һ֣ôͶǣ²ܳɾʹ£
ⷬϲ֮飬ȴֻ꼻һ֣ʱ˳˼ɫһǰزʡ
ô
ûʲôЦһ£ҡͷһӣϳ԰̣úܲáȥ׺̶طҶȥˣ
ģٳһôأ
˵ôûУһѾܵˣټϺǱ·Ҳ
˵ʱɲסɫغٺЦ֪ɣҲģлʵ۵꾹ˡʲô˵ģ
̾һֻйƤһ̱ϡ
Ҳ뿪ˡһжɲҡҲֻһһˣ
޿κεЦֻ۾컨壬һȴʮ㲡
ȻһµվûУ
ⷬ飬ģǾʧˡòܣһᣬһʱҲ˳
ȴ⴫ϣˣ
˵ʱ̲סǰϴӭ˼ءǵơ
է֮£۴һ
ǰλһΰӢ쪡Ʋ壬ǸԼ˵ļأӢͦкżš㣬ⷬʣͶ
Ȼ˻ʵ۵Գӭ򡢷˾㲻Ϊ֮һ˫˫ϣдΰݣȴΪʵס
λҪ˵
ʵ۵̬ǶءǾˣҲͲؾֻǼΪЧң֮ȴɲ˫˫ȭ۴һһۿ٣ɱȭһʩһ
˵һ⡣
ԻãλƽЦˣѵüһһýǲ
̶һЦЦģʵʵˣǰһס˼ص֣ҡһ£ǰԮȣӹ٣һֱڵ㣬ˣ̫ˡ
һʱ䣬ִŶԷ֣ҡѣο꣬Ա
˵³аǷ񣬺Բٶԡ
ⷬнʹۺȻ򼰡ǱĻ֮ģһλǾ壬㲻ͬգһһӦĹλأһһУӦѭءһҲʲá
ǰ䲻ʽϣһչ㵱нƣԲá
ʵⷬɿŶԷ˫֣΢Цŵ˵ͷ
۾תһĿʿ鲻ԽرȭǷӡ
Ҳˣ
·ǣԸΪ·
ллǡ
һ䣬۵۾ӯˮ
Ƕ̫ˣֻǡ˵ʱص̾˿ٶ˵ʲô
ϡٺЦ˵ǻпΪô˰Ҫúǡ
ӦŹ˵üǣǧ򲻿١
ۿһͷһЦ˵Ҳ٣ڣҾͲ١̫ˣ˶ӣѵˣúúףһ¡
˵صһƣߺһ
⣬Ӧ롣
ϡ
Ԥһ£Ҫͬκзڴϳˡ
ūּߵͷ뿪
ǡزɶԿһۡʱ˿ԭûⷬκǻϼôԸˣȴҲ޿κΡ
ٱѩסλΪѰɣһ鲻ãҲǿǲⷬˡ
ǹһЦŹαؽֵܳէҪܰ׺̶⣬˵˾㣬ֵܲ񣿡
ⷬ˿ԣͶ۵ƢθһʱüЦڷǴͶԵ
磬ô˵ѵΪȻ
ﲨһתأҪ
ֻǵĻϵİΣ漴չһЦҲ̫ˣ
Цȷ̫ǣһ˴֪ˣգҪɲףֱܣ
΢΢һЦ˵˵ǣȷ̫ˡ
һ빲ʵ˽⵽صΪˣ·δȻǰۣȻĳ־ԻǰĽСġ΢ǳ飬ѵʵ۽֮Σĳ䲻ɣ
΢΢һԳжǣ֣ҲͲٹ⡣
δѱã˳漴ͬ١򡢷ˣһ⡣
ѱ˶˼ߣֱΪϡ裬˵ѿ;⣬̣ȴҲδȫϳ
ҶϼǮöΪ֯һӣѡ˾ڼʮʿȨ۵ĽߵǱ;ǡʮǲ٣ֻһ÷ֲʱв㣬֮Уʮܿɹˡ
£ʮгʿĶ˼ңζһɫƣԽֱһʮο̧һ˵ˣѰȻҡ
ǡԶԶ߼֮󣬶˲ŶС
һ·Уį
ԶԶ׺̶֮£ˮ˸һƬǡ
ϵĳ˴׼ˡ
һλ籣ֱǰǮҶְͬ˾ӭڲࡣ
εۣٲһߵڣְư׺̶ѲͷķͬڷԾṦʿһϣְ˾ǰݵûϵۺ漴в
ɫ磬ˮһװʱˮĳ𡣼ҰȤСĳûԾسصͷ׺Ҷڶ˼ƿ⡣
ۿ⼫ˣյ˹£һ˵ȫԺ󣬸õžۣ򡢷˵ʹ˿⣬Ȥߡ
ȾĿذƬƬ죬ۺȻ˷Ҫ۵ǰһҲŲףæȰֹ
۽õȴԸ˴ҪʻԱһذҶ
Ҵ漴˰
һɽɫΪɫ
Ҷһļţһ֧ϸˮģɽ·תټѾˮߵһ棬ǺųС׺׵һС̶羰ģͷףɫ̶֪ʤƶ١
֮ڴС̶νӵһ֧༴ǰо֮
ڴ˵һ̾Ϊֹ޾ƬƬҶеĺҶһգͨͨ͸Ө·װ˸͸궥ӣͬվĸˣ㶼Ⱦһĺ졣ˮϸǸһ޹ʣ㾰ɫء಻ֱۡ
ٲ˺
Ц˵ôûƭǰɣǰС׺һа׺޵С澰¸ͷȥǾ֪ˡ
δѣȴֻϺҶĻһ
һ죬ƮĺҶ֮УƲʺңע⿴滹塣
ѶȲˣһ£ǰˡ
˵ʱ١ʱ졣˵ļƣһ˫УѸײڶ֮ƣѲͷһء
磬ʤ
ѽһѱһ˫̵ţΡģͨˮ֮УƬˮ
վԶĿ֮£һһ֣һ㣬ವһֱʵ۵ǰ˽ȴӭż򡢷˵ơ
δһơһ㿰ƵϾ㡣ӷһ룬Ϊһ졪ڴһ䣬۵ǰ
ƶͬʱϣವذѻΧС
ڴͬʱһ˲гʩչȸһУ¡
һڴ⣬ǿɹۡ
˺һһ֮£ͨհ֮ϣ˸Բ
ȴڴͬʱ֮䣬ӰһƮӰź£ɿ죬һ£δվô봬һš
һ߿ţŲýգͬʱŴ
صضһ½ţ벻ϵˣǾȻ˰׺̶ˣʲôˡڣɥصʿϡ
ٽµҪֻǼСëѣ
ڣÿ걬Уһȵľ⧵𿪣ľм׷һӰٿشǰ
ϸ񻣬̬
˵֮ƣһھ貳ֱ
ǡ۲棬է龰˸ɢתƵѺǰнȻ𣬵ॴУѰѶԷĿ
ȴյ˼㣬Ǽʱں壬ʵڷ൱ˡ
˳ŮһʽĽ֮ƣΪԴɽ֣ܵԴҪЮ˷±Уִܣȴ֮죬Σһ˲֮䣬ǰ֮Σ𲻾ãĹ˳˾棬˼顣
һ֣سƶ¶һֱȡ˵ġ
ⳤ£ɭɭһƬ
Ůһ˵У
𡪡ȴǳƲ죬˫ӳཻһȴ˿
¡һһȲţر߿롣
˫֮£˳ŮѱڵС
һϮ£ܽأȴ㷢δǸ߸ߵĵݷʽϸΣĿΣǵƮһ棬ƼֵһԱҪսɲʱ
ȷǽǣǻ۳ˡôҲ벻Ϊʶ˰׺̶˺ҪأǼطõãϽϡ
ʱ˿̣żءУȻ޾ɫֳһɴ򶨡
ʱôĵӣȻҴ̤ǰһ⻪Ŀһᣬѵ档
ʱ˿̣ѼȣΨˣǻҲá
֪Էһڳ⻪貣Ԣ޶һƬݣʵ黥ͨǣһȫ֡վ֮ˣΪֽʵϦ˫աɭɭֱ˫˽̵һһֽü޵ǿơ
ʱǰ㹦֮ˣڶԷ˽֮£಻òһ
һһΣΰбվ
ʱ֮䣬Խ˵νơȻնƣʱᴥҼ䲻സι첨ܣֳԤĪ
΢΢֮СһƬ˫Ȼ֮ս
ʱ˫Ŀ΢࣬ɨǣһЦշģҲˣ
ˣ˵ʱƽأͽ̣
غһʱĿ⣬һеȥһƬЦݣ̡
С㣡ˡҵĿᣬ֮УҼ֮ǳ˵仰ô
ʹڽŵĶݽ֮У಻Ϊ֮ѷɫﲨת޽ᡣ
ã㲻Ϊ֮һƺЩ벻ͨǣ̬һŮˣҲõñô
ֹõñȻǶԷӪʵһԱֻ򡢷˶ĳء䱸дܲ⡣
㡭һ£ͷ˵ɣ
Σʱ˫Ŀһת򡢷ˣô
ǡһˡ
ʵۼô˵ˣвĵ
˵书ƣԷѰ˿ɼȻǳǣԼ֮£ֺξ΢΢һЦδÿɷ
ʱĿһת٣Ժؾ⴫˳ƵľŹˣѵýһᣬҺգ
Źգһ۾Ц˵Ʈʱô
Ҿǡ
ʱ˵ȴǲʤȣ⼸ŹӵľŹڽϣ룬˲֪ʶΪ档ʱٹƮ޶Էǰ޽ӴϴȻԺӡ
ôĿΣǣĴ;˵㲻˳Ưһ书ǳͣ㣬Ȼ鴫
˵ʱĵϲԵЦˡ
仰ʱͻĳгʱΨҶƣƽ׵ķֳһ룬øľĻҹ
Ѳǽķ糾Ѱø־η
ˣԭһֻǷƲͬѡ£ʤһʱѷʱʱĵжգΪ֮ͣʾһƬ;ȴҲϡ
ʱһԱ΢Цˣʵݵż񡭡
˵ģҿûôõıأ
ǡʱǳǳһЦȴΪЧǣѵáĿһתأǲǣ
벻ͻȻдһʣֶԻʵѻش𣬼һʱΪ֮Ҳֻ֮һЦʷȶѡ
ȴǾŹݣΪ䡣
⵹Ҳǲ١˵ҪǼΪҲ͡ˣã
˵ʱӣŨŨ⣬һ䴺ֱؿȥ
һ磬̬ʮ㣬ȴа¶ԾŹķ֮سá
ʱʱһ
޲ɷ˼͸ŮˣԭǼԸΪ֮ãĪ⣬Ź̬ⷬΩа˵Ҫ
һ䣬ʱԭƴŭŵرΪһƬ԰ס
ٵĻһٿش̽صĸдᣬʱԼһʱҲĪԣģһҲ֪Է俴ƼͨĻȻ˺֮⧵֮£ֱмܡ
򡭡硭ߡһ䣬֯սĹ棬Ƿ󣬼ֱͣһ֮ơ
ȴǣڿˮĿһתǰϣԹ
ǰҴȥѵؿ
۴һ۵ȻǾ˽֪ʵֻܾô̶ѵһ䣬Ϊɥ
Ҫ˵ʲô˵ɣ
лл£
ʱʰЦ̣Ҵּ룬ֶ·ڱصã֮ΣӦ֪֮£ѣܶԴ˴¶֪
һҶԻʵ˿˵֮ȻټƽЩˡ
ۿһۣԡ
ʱ˵ԽǷ֮ת¹ذ֮ҷӱ빫ƼƮ¥ΪٵϱͷӦźá
һЦԭˣ֪ˣ
ʱɫһ񣺡ô˵ǴӦˣ
ҲӦ˵ʱعӣ̴̵һûŵǰ˵
漴ʱָһָ˭ҸʶǸҸʶ
£
ڣԱ̤ϣϳ˸һ⣬һֱȡģֱʱǰ
ʱ߳һһѰÿ
ȻҲϵдһ֣ҡ֮£˸һƬӰ
Ǻε֣һʽ²ʩչüϵ䣬Էָ࣬߳٣һֱԷ·
ʱ˴Ƭɱ
ʱ֮Ѱӭŷǵƣתƶʵȴ𡪡Ϸࡣֻһ棬£᷽Ƕֱʵǰȥ
ֿ죬ǲ۳ָ֣ƥһ⡪
һʱӭȥ
˫ԣॣһ졣
ҡ˵Ľ⣬һãһȫעǿɹۣʱ⧵֮£δμ穡һΣֱ浴
ԴηùЦУ͵Բ̤ǰ񴦣һƬӰɺֱʱȫȥ
ظȤ¶ɺܣˢɨһ⡣
˾ĸ֣δ֮ǰɭɭһƬֺϻ˫ӳʱѵֵ
꣡һ졣Ӱ֮һȴڳĴӰʱƮԴ
ƫƫһ⡣
һƬӰǰ
ţһʩչһӦĹͽйأжָ㿪ϣĪ档Ƭ⣬ǰ˵ӰէȥʱȫĽ֮С
ʱ͵һٵԾⲻ֪صĳĿڴһ档
ʱӰйһ⡪ѩһƬ
ʹʱ˴Ůˣ಻˵ʵǼصһ̫΢
ؼڣÿһ˶ʶˣһеӡӡĴڣ㹹˱˴˵໥Ӧ˶
ʱԼʶȴậǵվȻڹȥһ׶Ρ
Ϊˣӿǰ⧱䡣
һƬ⣬ƵĴδ˽ȥ
һԭӦһǰᴩĿʱķǱѰʹڴն״һȻͬʱҲػ֮ء
ѽӡʱǵһη˵ʹ⽿ᣬϧ
ʹŽһתˢͷ
״̲عӣż۸ӵĿ⣬ŶԷĵ˶һۣ㡭á
̫ˡ
ǰԸݵֶμԷһμزۻ۶
˸ˣ
ǼصĲ̣ʹԷĳʤȺ
ǰ֮ƣԭɳƽС׷֮£ʱԸ֮ѳеȴĻ̣κˣĴȺο 







 

  
ʮĻءΪ 

ԥʱ١
ʱƷɻһƬԴ˰ʹ֮£ɹۣӰɣһƳͶ̺޾Ҷ
ʱ鳬ӵж´̿ͣȴûǰˡ
ߣڼ򡢷˴սʱͬʱԼǰһʿ˱Ҫ֧ԮɲǼشսһš
ˣʱɻѡһʱ֮ԷѰǵһУУǺȴռڶĹ⣬ټϵ֮㣬Լһ֣ٸв֧οʱӣһܶʰ
ʱ䣬֮УаΪ͵ؽҲ˲ᡣ
ʵʱ˶ӣ˵üӪһ绢ڷͶսͬʱ˵䵹£ڷ
ʣµˣҼȻҲʣŵ˵ĴΧѲͼ֮룬֮
òأ¹ɫļݳñоһֻͭˡ
˼أֹֽ֣ŽԳһ趯磬Բ⣬롣
ֻ֮սĴ򷨣ܳ־üΣ
ͿԿնս֮֡䣬Ȼ˶Էж֮ͭϡ
˼ϼѹҲʣһս֮ƣȻΪǳϣһҪնͭˣǲ
ǹε˵ãǰһʽ棬ȴޱȾڽ֮УȻǧ֮ܡ
Ȼһ죬Է϶ͭѻط
ǿȫȻܰѳ֣һʱжֱֶͭɳͨ׹ˮ֮С
һ֮£Ϊ֮һ㶡ȴԻէ磬ֻһѱʺ֮ϡ
˰һԸɣȴ֪ԭɱ֮⣬գŻͳ۵˶Էϡ
һƹȴȡ
ֻüһ飬Ϊ֮ãһᣬͨڵϡ
һ˵£ȡȴΪǳס
ʱ򳹣˷ǵ˼漴ϣ
һϣ˸ʵ
˵Ǵ˸ʤ̣ȴΪ׺̶شܵΪƮʶƣʱӣΪδ֮չһƬӰ
ʵΪ˼ǾɥʱһˣʱȻ޴棬С׺ҲͲˡڲûӼصǰʾ棬һ
һ˵ýһ򼰵ǰ֮նҲ˽⵽ȥıֶ·ѹ֮⣬һɹ񲻲ؽڵ֯ʱʱԼ߿ţؽԼγɲΨˣ򡢷˵ʱ飬ʵܿɹˡ
ʱ˵δܹܴ裬ǵԼϹҲʣе£Ȼȫûûһܹ
˵ֹʹĶѣֱܲ
ĳµĵ͡Ӳ벻һΡ
صһ䲻ҪȴʹǰʵǼǣȻ;ĩ·ȴҲӡߵһʿͣЧ֮ģԼءǶۣԼ㲻ȡʤ״νӣЩɥպǸѽӽôţʱºɣʮݣתһĹȡ
ǰ˼Ѱٽ׺̶һС벻һȴΪԼ֮ˡ
ͱڸʣҶͷףϿһߣ׷ףһ꣬˵ʫ黭⡣
Ȼʱʱȴļˡһ̣Ծ˴һƬճʪһϮһΪѪմ֮ңӡ
ʱһ֮£ŵðһ
ǸղֻϾѨֹѪ֮£ŭѪ磬ǰһֻһͷۻǰðֱҪ˹ȥ򶨣ǰһʯ
صһ˵òᣬ·߹Ǵʵʵһ֮弴˼θգ
ʱַ㣬ֹסѪִճʪһƬ֮ʹֱԸӡ
ˣҲع˼ɣҴİƿƮ¥ҩϤ˴һʱߵģʹᡣ
Ȳвֻýȹһ˺һ԰Ҳá
ȴŪһֵѪϸòܡ
ʱԼǰ࣬Ѫۣճܣϴ졣
˼֮У漴ˮ֮
ҲˣǰԶɽ£һССˮһ·£ˮƲ˺Ҷֱ塣
ʱϾ˼漴ǰ˻Ƨط򲻻˴룬ȹ㾡ѣŽˮҴϴһ飬ȾѪȹҲϴɾ
˿˿磬壬䰡һ˲һļƤڶ
ӡ컯֮£ĳ¶ǰδʹشƧҰˣһҲߵ﷢š
Ťת̧ɹʯϵ¿㣬ȻȴƼͶˮԼӰѩɣһ⵹ӳҼ
ԭȡ壬ȻƼԼĳ壬ȻһԴ˵
õԼķɻƮǹأ޾ϸģԼҪǿʤ±عףոһյлᶨΪԼ롣һⴥȻȻʹЩʲôǱ˵£껪ˮڵ⽣Ӱȹ
䱾ˣԼһ䣬ֻȥ֣Ҳղ
¥ͷ̣ڽ̷ٷݹŮӵ̾껪ţഺһȥ
ʱĸȴǰ߸Ϊ̣Ϊʹһ֮ĴԿգֱвãã֮СģԼഺ֮ˮţΪΪʲô
ȵʲô
ֻΪǸԼ׻£ԼĽʲô
һ֮ɲס˸ս·ѷ룬һͷһ춯ص֮󣬸޾Ŀꡭ
лȻǰ˼ǰټһˮضӣˮ浹ӰԼӰӣȥ껪һ䣬ʳĵᡣ
ˡСŮؿᣬεεˮȴƽĳޱȵˡ
ˡΪŵļ޾δʵǻɫһƬϣܲΪ֮飿
ƬƬҶе£ӳ⣬ͮͮĺϢؾˮ
仨⣬ˮ顭һŵ˶Σ˼ǰ󣬺Ȥ޾˻为ᣬҲͬڿкҶƬƬ죬Ʈˮ
㾭ǰδ
һ˷ʯͷϣ鴤ʱ·Ӷˡ
ȴʱһ˵ӰӣӸ£ǰˮϡһҲֻĮĮעš
ɽ磬Ʈ˵һϮɫ£ͷϵɫҲʱ
ɽĺҶӳӸߵվˣ·һֻյľ񣬺żĸ߳ζ
վ֮Ͷ£һӵѡһƬȻǲһЩϢ
ȴһ΢дʹڿʱֹס̧ͷ

һ䣬ŵôסˡ
㡭㡭
ֱţǰվһˣ˾Ȼ£ȴôϷԵس
һ֮£ʱֱҪ˹ȥܵؾԼһ˿ҡǰһæɹŵȹһȴŶԷǰӴסˡ
̫ͻȻ̫˼ˡ
ô뵽Ȼͳˣ΢дȻʹһʱ˳¶߾ճյֱŶԷ
ǰˣȻ¡
ֻ۾Կ֮£λƮ¥ˣ಻ϷһƬ쳱ǰʱһ㣬֬ǻʱȻҲԳһֿܣڡ
һ䣬ﱬƹʣ鲻Խؾ¶ѡ
ʱѽһžˣŲ㣬ҴŴﴩϣʪʪ㣬һţҲֲƫƫҪϣǳˣһֱҪ˳
ǻɵڶˣҲ߼գ˵óһƣŭȴǰˣܡ
ţּԽԽϣʪ¿㣬ֱӣﴩ
㡭㡭һᣬˮ
ʱȻߡ
ʱһδѣʹؾԵĻſ˫ۡ
㡭Ƴ塭ȻµĦﾲֹ
һֻнȥ۵㣬Ӷ΢ţ۾ｻ֯Ŀ⣬СģȴҲ̬Ͼǰ̫棬̫˼ˡ
°˱յԹ䲻һɫڻȴҲϼޣĿ˸֮ܿࡣ
һƬϺõʱʱʱѲʱʤߣ޲ǰиضԼ˽ȥ
˵ѳӵĹϵҲй૵ʱ⣬ĿԶ߸ϣԶǸԣʹܵʱ̣ȻΪ
ȴλһξ֮飬ȴټһ䡭
̫ˡ
¡Թί
ԭ֮䣬Դһϣ蹵ȴͻȻһ䣬ȻԿܡ
ŮˡôȻᡣ
˿̣ýӣԵĬĬעš
ֻظճζʱϸۡ
ɢ˺ҶʯѨңһ˵ĸдֻɢ
ҲáʱȻǳӣȴѲٺߡ
ôأصĺҶ繣ǰδҲιȴеˣζԡ
ԣһ۾һעʱԹޡίѲڡƮӰ١
ˡ
ǵ˵Ӫ֮УȴûһЩǣġ
ΪܣʲôʱʲôطǵɽֻҪߣ޿ɵǡ
ˣƮ¥˾ôһ׷ˣŮˣʸ־ЧңԹȣصؼΡ
뿴Ҳֲסˣ绹ʲôûģʲô˺üΣʹޥʵʱҲΪҲûʲô˵ˡ
¡ˣҲԼҲȻ
ϸ£΢
Ŀ⣬ϧʱ˴עʱȷʵд΢ֱڼԸ
Բ𡭡ˡ
ֻһԣѵϵϡԼˣлҪд
ֻһԵţȷʵܹˣúϸ
˭㣿
ǡߣȴʱס
֣ʵѺֻ֮¶ѡ
Ϊ֪һ˵ر㽫޻κһˣأô˱аҲ׶༪١
ΪʲôҪ̻ӺˡأȴһʱԼҲס
ǲذɣ
ȴİ׷ˡ
Ѿ˵˵֣أǲǣ
Ŀ׷֮£ʱ˵ѣ΢΢һͷ
Ŀ֮£ɫ΢־죬ֳһ˿ŭݡ
벻²Ľ־ˣ
ǡô
Ȼ΢΢һͷһ쳣ҪΣ֣Һ˽㣬㽣ϹиزҪλҲܷ裬ⲻ㣡
ʱһͷƤ£ڲעӡ
ʱѲ䣬ԼԣдиȷʵԼҲסһȴǿ϶ǾǵʱԼȫԸ޳ãǼزΪԼһ棬Լضѡ
һֻۣѳӻƫһһĽ˾Ϳøˡ
ա
һ˵գյˡ
ʱغһһζȫ㣬һٵ˰ڲעӣȴǰδֲڡ
¿ſţ΢΢۾
ƺŵʱһսġŵʱ֮УȻı档
ʱɣ˵Ȼֳȴܲ˾š
ʱӵصһͷһɣΪн֮Ƶȷʵд˵
Ѱѵʱսþ˵ܲоġǰ
㵱ʱھˣΪƽĴСܵ˲ֹǼһˡ˭
ԡһҲʱ˵иշģ
ǣ
ǣ
΢΢һ۾һҲȷǻĪ
ѹˣ¼˱ġ˼ԽƣҷУʱռ䲻󣬰Īխ֮ڣǶĴա
Ǵաʱ۾¶ޱȵĽ˵ĳ˲Żһֱ֮
ˣ΢΢һͷʱָơ
ȻڹգʵɲءŵʱҲڴϰɣ
ʱֵһͷҲֻеͷķݶˡ
΢΢һЦΪЧλ˴ߣһ㾪ˣȥ֮䣬ĵ
ЦΪ֮ʧռСһƣܽһ
΢΢ƫֽ̽״һȻͷþĽУֻǡ
һҵĹַ߳ѵ̶£Ȼʲôɣ
ôһᣬʱҲЩͿˡ
Ѿˣ±ȴôҲûϵصһνӦǸֵܶϣһʧǣݻʼϷǼ
ʱ಻òϵȷǹǰҪöࡣ
ȴ飡
¿ƾ͵Ŀ⣬ֱֱţΪʲô
ʱһҡҡͷ飿ôأ
ʱأȴװ׷ŹˣݶӡȴΪʲô
ʱŲôˣ鲻ԽֳһƬΡ
ֻ½Ϊ˴⣬ȴǲȻ
ˣǸһ棬Ӧ˷ǳ
΢΢Цˣ
һоڲ֮Уα˵
ң˱ŵı𵤣㹦Ӧʮ֮ڿԸԭֻʮ֮ڣӲҪסأͷɾҪԴˡ
»վ׵һϮ˿ʳ£һ֦÷޳ɢɫʣȥм
ŶҶţк£ٵһУģƺʧȥյķѡ
ʱԼѣҴҴãֱߵͷ̧
ͣһͣǲźȻ𣬡ôˣ
Ҳġ¼ţǶûܰãֻԼˣ
ʱһʱڨڨͷֻŷ·
һӵⶼҵһ֮ʣûɱ½һҲٶˡ
ʱһһͷ
治֪ôָдÿһε뵽ضּӺʱһ˵ľ£Ʋ̡ȴǣٻͷϸյһ򣬲ֻôһ㣬޴׽һ޵ĵ򣬾ʹԼĴϢȴδⲻֵ
뵽ߵǸŹʱϵһĻӳһ磬ģʱȴ⣬˿̻һξԳƽ
ϣ鲻ԽȾ˶ʻ
⣬µһ˫ֱֱš
ʱȻһΪ˴Ƶģѡ
͸ǿ±ɱص⣬ֻǲһ˵ѡ
ʱʯ⣬Ĳ֮˺档
һȪߣǰһǶɽͱڰһտ죬һ˿ҲûС
ȻγɣϺõĻʯʣĸţ£ʵԳã֪£ǰڴ棬żȴس˽յһ¡
ĳǰͺһֻӥᣬȻԵá
ӥ馾֡
֪طĵشľˡ
⣬෽ֱ׺̶һľӣֱӳա
ɫ续
һԴββ䣬иߵͲһʮɽɣ׺̶Уɽ·תз壬ն֣ĪֺһӴˣµڱ׺һ̶ȷǲʤģвܾ֮
ʱֻܿɡ
ȴ߳ɹ
֮룬Ұ
˵һ´ˮɽӵĸءֲסﲻˡ
ܿЩҲףȴǴ˷ƣжʱһ󾲲áҪݷǲܣ
һָô
һƬ£״Ƴ˸һˮƻã״ŭڣȥ֮ࡣ
ʱһȻȴֲܾ
°ϣʾһ˿ݡ
ϲ££顶쾭СʮҡضܹʶƵ˲࣬ݹ£಻˶ѣ쾭ϵʮһˣ֮ͬ󣬱Ϊʧȴһʶ˾š
˵䣬۾ｻ֯һƬ財ʶ͸ϲ֮飬ȴǾԶȲ⡣
Űѻͷϣǰ׺̶˵һ鸣أֻϧȴи֮ˣסˣȴҪ͵֮࣬ƱвͬҪȻᡭ
һָƬ絶¡¿̾һֻѵһ֮࣬պӣ
ʱգһ۾ô˵ǲĺáΪֵ
ºһܣͷҲһͷһɵ֮ӦΪáʱһѾˣʲôʱ򣿡΢΢ͷһЦ죡ٵɣ
ʱٿ
תӣ漴һؿ¡ֳһ㨣ʶ͸ˣȴڱΪϣܳΪʱбĸоȴҲ޿κΡ
ǰʮͷʹ⣬ʵ۵δ֣ܵԼǰδеΣԱɥʧˣһؼǱв࣬ڶʹ
Ϊ˼Ըκѣ̣ıԲߵأɾͿԼʱһҲﲻ
ʲô֢״ɡһֻ΢΢飬·üĲλɢ˺顣ʶģ̽뻳ҽƿΪҩ衣
㡭ô
ʱһæ߽ߡ
ҪһҲͺˡ
ҡҡͷҩУȡС϶״һɫҩƬ£ԱĿٿ
ʱһ̽ѯ飬Ȼ׹һʱɫ糺죬󾽡
²صҽƿ׾ͽҽΣ׹ɵȾڸǰºƿԼ˵²֮򡭡
˵ΪȾӦƮ¥滨ܣȥ֮⣬һ䡪֮ɫ
һ²֮º֤ʵɵɫƻ¸£Աˣ
һ֮£ʱֱŵ͸巢ѵ޼һεַˣ
ͬģһȴԼһʱ䣬ʱŵÿǲᣬΪԼˣеھ벻
¹Ȼǲˡ
ȴǲϴôء
˵µ֪ʷɣҲһ̽ԲԼһǷиı䣿
ʧˣ
ȻƣȴԤ˲٣òź
۾ǰʱδʼûһ˿ǸΣʱݵ̣ʹ㱼ԷͷѾǣͯʱ׷ԼۣһգѼʮǰˡ
÷ഺŮ껪ȴСöֹУ޷ڵȴԼˣԼ
ȻˣµֿһʱΪ
ǽҲ̤밧֮ʼ죬ƫȶ䣬ġ
¼ǰ˶࿴һۡ
һֱ㡭Сӣˣ
ܾúܾãѾƺˡС֣ŵĶۡ㡭ʱЩΪ£ȴɫʧһĺȻżĪֺҪһˡ
ʮ𾪵ɣעš
ð죬ګګ˵ҶʮˡЩ۾һᣬ鲻ԽʳС
ޡʮˣƻȻ򣺡Ѿôˡˡ
ˡڣ涥ײȴܹ˼Թذתһߡ
³˿ɫ䲻޸˵صӦüˣ
ʱЦһ¡
˵㿴ô
ʱվһԡ
¿ıӰһԲٶ˵
ȴǶ˵˼䣬ǰ档ⲡԭΣʱҽƿ׵ҩʱƣи֪ĵˣΪǰĺ󱳣ḧǡôá
ֹʱȴģǿΪɦ
ֻһˣŶ˼
ɡ
ͺˣ㿣鲻ԽһʱԺ֣ɡ
ʱһڽ˭ɣ
ҿһۣ޴ˡ
΢΢һֻ̾Ҫͺˣ
ʱһЦЦǡô
ǵģ²ɵľֻ˽ң֪Ŀա顭ҵĲҲңʵģҲġ
ʱײһô룿
Ȼһʱֵ۹ʱţĿﲻ޳֮⡣
ʱ㲻ٶ˵
˵һʵ廪ɽ£ѽܵɵİƻ¹ܴɣǽˣɸʩ԰Ϯһʹɺȴǻߣָס
ţ漴һʵǾǣռݵλãԶԶ߹Լʹǰһ棬Ҳ˿
Ȼ䣬׹ǸղȰԼ˵һڣҲϵԢĻǣѶԼپ찮Ϊ׸תˣҪԼ޸࣬ߡñɵͷ
ʱֻñһ˲·ѵĸоʱ繣ѱɢ
ǰˣݻԾϵȨʹԼΪЧȴѲԼİˡҼˣҪҸ侲طѿǰµľԺúõ롣
תˡ
ڲͷǸǿ̹ĵ˿һۡ 







 

  
ʮء 

ǰɽʱҹ鼫ΪӣһҪƣֲ̺õĳ껨װųϡʵֻٰƲʤˡ
һֿЦ˺һӣ˯ˡ
Ҿ˾ƲˣҪ̺ɵǾŹҲڣһˡ
Ѭ졣
ٺߵߣԷϹȻˣһأۡۻ࣬ǰɽԵĶȫ˳Ѭ졣
Ů˱˴˿ЦŶԿһۣҲûкỤ̊Ը֣һӲʰɾ
ȡһ˿ӸۻϣһּףӦʮֵůˡ
ʵӲãʮ꣬Ӿͳ֧ԺǺů͵ˣÿ겻붬ȻҪƤ죬ƽӼҲҩϣ˲¹׳òʡ
ʮĵ꣬ͷ߲ݣһŹü۶Сѣܵӣ˽̵ģˣվŹãˣˣ̸ûꡣ
ͷƯֻ洩żɴ׾ӣر߽ӵ׶캼ȹӣһ˫ۺ컨޸ߵЬͷϴŸͷƩȥ˹ڶԽԵٶʣһżǿˡ
ֻȴֲŻʵӣҲⷸ£һ˫ˮüֻǵͷ£˸հѻϷ£ȴˡ
ޡǡ
˵ˣһǣʰꡣ
˵ӲãٺȾƵĺã˸ΣҪ˵ûˡ
ۺһͦ˵ȾƸʲôﷳ
ڽ˵æתȥѱůŵѾϡ
ӹ˵ȥ˯ɣ
¸ˡ
۴ӹѾƲһڣٵҲûЪţ
˵Ҫȥ˾͹ơô»ϣ˵鲻á
̾˿ãҪȻһҪءִˡ
ûп⼸˵ˣ԰̣ڽڴʤֶ·˵ѹͿˡ
ۿһۣ͸ˣزסϢҪ뿪׺̶ûӣҲסȥˣ
ѽһɡȥأ
ȥԽ˵ǱߵطáҲסҪܣûطȥˡ
ŮԿһۣƵԭһʱȻʵӣЦš
Ҫȥ飬˵ǸǱߵϵˣ治֪ôźá˿ﲻãܻԼĵط飬ɾɲסҪ˵İڲҿɲԸ⡭ǡ˵̾˿ͷ
˵Ƕô˵
˵ҶϼǮöҲ˵زסȰȥԽءͣҲͬԡֻȥԽ
Ǳй׼ˣʣʲôʱң
̾˵ʲôййеطס㲻ˣѾˣʮӲ
ָһ㣬ٳԾô˵ֻˣô죿
ʵֻǿЦȻסٵ֣˸е˵Ҫ㡪
һͲҪˡʲôã㡪Լȥɣ¾ͿҪˣҲˣ㡭
ٴһסʹ˵ʲôҪһ飬ҲˣҪҲһ顣
۲ɫһæʹ˸ɫŷԼ˵˻ᵽ֡
һؼ˼£ǰڴ׺̶;һΣҲ
龰öԻҹ˿·𣬵ʱʵҪԼգܡԼҲ˵ҪҲһ֮ԣôӦˣǷ˼һֻǿŶԷ
ۺȻ˵ʵڸɣҪȥ飬˼ֻĸˣ㡭ôܸţ
ٶʱһŲٿһʱ絶ʣͷҲ˳
æȥһӣٽӹߩһ±飬ֻǷ
˵汿ʲôܵģ·Ҷˣϱܡգ˭Ҳʶ㣡
͸ӦǸˡǲ˼顣
գ˵ֱܴ֮£ȴû뵽һ֮Ȼ˵ֻ
۵̬ģҲֻˣ㲻ңŮձҪ˵ģ˻Ҫ˼աھ͸֡
վת˸ȦӣվԵô꣬
ڸ˵ЩٺĶײȻ뵽ǸΣ绹һӣԿǰ龰Ҫײסˣôһ룬ҲͲˡ
ɣһȦվסûĵطˡ
ٺһ˵ʲôû֮أΪ㲻ߡ
֪ʲôٵصȥô죿ѵ
ȥͶ
˵ϸղŲ˵ȥԽ𣿡
㡭ŮӼ֪ʲôһ˵Ȧӡ
վ˵ҪȥﶼҪⲻһȫһ仰𣿡
˳Żʵ۵˵һ˵ƫͷټһ۾
ȴûʲôҪôҾˡԽ˵Խһܵʵߣĵ˵ǧȥ飬ֻҪǻһأͲȥҪȻ᲻ӦûгϢᡭ
δ꣬ȵһ죬ؾͰ˻һӡ
㡭ϿŴ˵֣ضһ½ţһ
һæȥչ٣ȴصѿ
һʱ£
űİȾξ飬Ϊǰһд˻ģҪ˵ġ
ϡˡţ򲻵ѣԲȥ飬ҪȻˣǧǧˣϰնҪǰҶǮλӢۣɣҲԭɣƴƴѪΪ˭ѽƲǣһ
Ҫ˵ˣʵۺȻƵȴס
ϡϡɡת٣Ź˵ɡȥЪȥɡǼۣüһ㿴ˡ
򰲣øˡص˸򸣣ת
ǺģҲһյ
һ̣ٲվסţЩ£ȥƵƻͣȴͷϣҲ͹˲࣬ӲͷƤ߰ɣ
ҴȥԼסԶǸƬԺӶѣֱܷ档
߲֪ȴǺԶ
һ֮ʱļҲɭɭͥԺ磬Ծ
һһ󣬺ð㵽ԼסССԺ䣬ԶԶԼ˴Ÿ㯣Ȼ֣æӭ»ˡ
밲ʺõĵѶŶ롣
ǲ˼˼ҿ޺˵۾иղű˶ӵİˡ
ɲǣžգָۣϸߡ벻ô󣬻ǵһα˼Ҵ򣬸οĸģģɲס
һҼˡ
뵽˸Զ飬ǵܡУԼòףǧɽˮܵؾԲҪ룬˵պϷܡ
ֽһʲôĳ棿
ɲ뵽Լ뵽˼أһʱң֪˼
ɴĵоһƻҡҷӰէȻһ
һ״˵ﱬϲƼʲôϲ¿ԣԺ쪣εҶҹˣҲ㱾Щˡ
˸վ𡪡أ涵ƹӰӳһϸӰضʶ
ѽһٿתǰӰէ֣ŵϮ漲һɭɭĽ棬
״ٷԿԷˣκ;Լǿʱȴ겻ɢ˷ָ١
ʱȻٶּӺǰһ磬⻪貣ȴǵУȴߴ֮ƣŵûݲұ䡣
ߣ˰н̡
ꡭһػ˳⣬ĪνʲϸСȴˡ
ʱƫһƫʧ֮壬֮ǧԽ⿪ǰһʱ֮Σ
һǿƣǰ˵ȻϮǰǾ磬ֽɣƺòˣ
ҡҷһɽ֮ƣǰ˵
ֽ˫ƿһ˾롣
ŷֻŵɫұ䣬ֻʲôݵÿ˾Ǽʱһʯͷŷ
ɭɭҡҷһҵĻ롭ֽ˵ĽֱƱ֣˵ĺͷҪŹٵģһǰδĶԽ棬ֱƽմɭ
㡭أʱϸüëֱǰŭĿӡ
ŵ˫棬ᵽԷľˣӶԼʵѲмܡ
Ϊ潣δӣȴҲϵĳȻ֮£ȫʹȻʹµľ棬Ȼһ
ǰ֮ƣѲκá
ȴ͸Է⡣
ǰڽ磬Ⱦɭ֮ˡ
ʱĿտֱ¿һ٣һˣҹٳƽңο㽣δҹҶֺ֣αͶ
ⷬԴʵʺԲԷ֮ʱֻҪʶ㲻Ѵƫƫ߰Ŀӣμżصһ֮Ҫѩǰܡ
˵òǴˡǣҲδؾʤңӯӯһЦתѻ˷λ
ʱ˵֪ȻȽ֣ǰ˴һȫһźҹóģҲҵ⡭㻹ԥʲô
˵ʱӯӯЦһƬʣʵԲЩʲô
ˣҵģáңܹҲ
Ŀ΢࣬һۣľǰĻ˵̫¶ǡ
һ٣ȴĴҪвңҵĽ£ҲɡҲбΪġӦñǿˣǲǡŹ
ˣϾȤ۾Ųôһۡ
ŹȷʵΪصġΪֱʣΣһ˵˫֮սܲΪ֮ĵʹһʱģȻּ
⡭ֺαءʱڻûоʲôˣ߰ɡ
ġ˵ţһߣ򿪴ӡ
վסʱȻס۾ȴţûУж㣿ˡ
˵˵Ҳһ˭ҶԸ⿴ʱ
㻹˰ɡͷˣ߲
㣿ʱǣ΢΢һЦллɡ
˿΢ЦܿļΪһֶȡʱϣϢĿע֮£Ҳ𾪡
Źض˵¡
ɶԷĽд֪ʱ֡
Ȼ٣ԷȻơһƺ⣬ƽ̶ֱǰ
ݵһƻȴɭɭһƬ潣Уһǰë
ںҪһսǾŹԼϵľ찮֮飬ʹɱ
һ棬ȴĪԢǧں֮䡣
ʶ֮˱Ҫ׼һΪתע֮¶һƷｭ㡣
Ϳ˫ཻȴһĽ
ˮһ콣ꡣ
ޱ貵Ľ˵ӽ
һ캮ǣʵȫ䣬Ľ꣬ʹķüš
Ѷȴһ߰Ļâ϶֮䣬һѣ硣
ʱһ˼任ǲ
һֻ֣ӥ֮չᣬ۵һѣѰͷ
ʱԣһ֮ʹδʹԼ̣οصھۣһ֮Уʯͷ˶ҲΪˡ
ʱѽһһֳϴݵطֱƵصҡҷһ캮âǰɺ꣬ȴһˡ
һ䲻ʱ£ȴɢ롣
ʱ֮տ䲻¾ʹɥȴѵӣŴ۵һѪʸƵֱǽ
ԭѵˣһδĵȴΪطĽ⣬ָʺ
ʱ۾ֻΪһȴǼв̡
ٵһظĽΪָʱһѨһᣬ²ʡص
ˣŵȫ
·ģֻǵѨѡ
˿Ųǰ͵ط𣬺¶֪һ̱
⡭ô죿ٰ̾Ϣһǿ㵽Ҫôأ
ٵʴ棬ʵֺԼҪ֡뵽ŮµĴƽϽͣԼʿزòӲ
ֻǣҪɱȴǲ֮£ȴҲ´˶֣һʱ䣬Կʱ
㡭ɡ۰Ͱ͵ؿΪʱ
һڼǼĿ飬ó
ص˼Ȼ½Ųҡͷǰɵϰʱ˫ֱ
Ȼڻ֮С£Ų԰ʧѪʾŽֻһȴҲǿԵǴܳ־õĶʹǿˣҲе˰ڲһ졣
۰Ͱ͵Ҫǧɱ
ҲɱȴҲܾʹ˷Ź˵ƮڽΪˣֻϸ֪Ⱦ˶Ѫȡ
һ䣬뵽˲ڴŮµƽд֮ʹ
˾Ұλ磬һб
Ϊʹֱʱ̣ʹ˻֮УɷԾǿҵԻȾ֮
ֵ֮ѨʱԣԭʱĴǣһ޶粵һѿ֮˵ֻĵԳ˱ߡ
˵⼸仰ٳɣٲǰȥ֨ѽһ޷Կ
һ޳ӰŶ
ءԲһټ
˭ͣǰӰһǸưƮվǰ
ÿ
ǾһϮʹȫûлָʶ֮ǰΪռȻ
شһ
ķӦ֮죬֮٣಻ڴ֮ʼʧȻ·硣
ͬʱҲ֪һжˣڶԷĿ֮С
ȻǰϮͬʱһĪľưצһ㣬ӵĸһվһѰץ˸ʵ
ȫһΣֱ֪ô¡
ǰ޳壬üĿʣ磬һɫ£ȴź÷һ֦˸飬мֻɡ
ȴǣһϸ۲죬ɼ˸һ⺷֮ȴֵһˡ
˵Ѿᣬǰȴֻ֮סʹһ֮£Ҳܸо˲㳲ʡ
صȻϳ˭ˡ
㡪
Ϊ£ҲʵڲضȣĴ⡣ʵϼΪ˿ΣΪˡ
СѣּˣЦﲻʧڽߵľŹڲٶ࿴һۣȴٵΣȫȻһ֮䣬ظ룬ܹοϻһˡ
ȴҲʹһϣǾܴʱȴȫԼ֮С
ʵȻȫġ
Ĺнһǧ֮ơȻ΢ЦʱȻûһ㣬Żε˴˵Ҳȡ޺ڶӵķϣȴҲˡ
˶٣ŻֽȥܴȻһ˼ǲǣ
ЦúԸҲܹթ
صͷҺҪþŹʱ
ܴһЦѵֵ
˵ȫƽ
΢תݵذʱƽóڻ֮Уȫ¶֪
һظɴս֮΢֮һ޶¹Ī⣬ȴҲȡʱȫơ
ôô˵ˣ
˵ʱңŹɡ
˵Ź֮ʱԴ
΢΢һЦ˵ã
ȴƶ̼ϵоΪ֮һɡʱΪ֮ҡһ£ܵһѣת˼ߡ
ﲻã۾˲Ҳ˲ֱ¶ţȴڶ˵
£㵽ȥܵԽԶԽãܲؾͲأҪסҪһ
ߣ
һƣһˤһӡ
ٵȻǰʱ̣תܣȴһֻعͷ
ŭܣ
һȴ᣺㡭أ
ҲҪ߰ɣסԽԶԽã
ٲŲٿ۾ǹذ飬תһתתɿ챼Ųš
һֱȫˣֹһزÿ˴һơ
֮ʱѲ֮С
¹һЦĿ⾫â䣬ȴƲ޼ͣҷú갡
һЦеǰòӱСģ
¹ЦʵɲأѾ˵ָɡ
˵˲㣡ЦһСһĺá
ȴҲ㳣һʱЦһ֪ܣοһ֪أңɼֲ棬Աˡ
ˣ˵ҹȻ֮ģȴδؾʹ˾㿴ڲǺúõĻô
ΪڻҪţ
һ۾˸żԸĿ⡣ڶʱ̽ȣȴעصǰļϡ
˵ĵֱϮ龰ʱټơ
Ȼȴ١ΰͦӣһҲɴݡ
Ȼ֪¹ԶԶԼȴǣҲ֮һ档
һһѾۼĹųԷ⣬˿š
Ҫ̫ˣػ˵ѵȥĽѵ
ѵ֣ȷԼ̼ȻڰʾռؼƮ¥ʮкξ壿
ң˼һĻѵֵĺҲ͸ߣڰʾռ䲻
ּԸ˵Ǽʹ̹ģΪƽܴ衣
ȻŭˡֻŭȴϿΩһʾģҲֻ۾
ߣ˵úã»һͷȷǼ̣ѣ
Ȼ䣬ظоԶԷϵǹξȻΪǿڼ⧵֮£վȣȴƴȫҲҪһһ֮ͦûеȴֱ顣
һһνؿɾͱס󣬻ˡ
һ㣬ƺ൱İգν֪֪ˣսʤڿԶԣһĿ⣬ԵΪֹ
ȻǾȡ
ĹȻнǡȴҲΪֹ˰ɣԸ˵ֻԼһɣ㽫̬¶
˵˵òôһҲңԿ˵ȴԼ
Ϊʲô
ֵѲǰֱ׳
ֺα֪أĿ侫ػ˵Ŀ²飬ʮ
ʱɫΪ֮һ䡣
ҲͲٱֱ޻صܰٻϮȻ˸֮Կ£޷ȫҽƿ׵ҩά֣ڿԶԣֲμѣ֮һòùʩչԡ΢΢ЦˣЦƲϵһѳȴ˵ʵһʱԶԡ
ֺЦӵԡĿǰζۣǰʩչΣձԵٽһɾܺһֱ˵ҺܴʵһҲ㵱ȻҴɶ£΢٣漴תһʵλã˻˵ǰһǿѹ
´󱻼ŭˡ
ʵϣԷ˵ܿƽţûһ˵ҵ棬˵ġ
Ϳɢɫƴ⬰ɿȴֻɲǼ£˲ϢԻָ
㶼˵ˣɫصصֻˣʹֻʩչ߳ɹȻش´ࡣ
ǿɾͺ˵Խ򶨵˵Һ֣ÿһҶԵУϵƫҵһ棬ȡʤڲܣ
ϵ񣿡˵۾ûֻԼ
Ǿ͹ֲÿһζҪʧˡغ΢Ц˵ϵΩһÿһʲôûʧһıҪ㣬ʹ˵óѣҺĻʤ㣬ԣ
˵ʱԥس˳ɫݡ
´Ǵһ˿΢Цͷ˵ãҾ㿴˵һֻ֣ѰγˣȻɫһȻһЩʲô
ãҲˡ
һٶ΢ŲʾṦһ棬мտĽܳ裬ֹһˡ
ʹΪ֮һ
ܺá˵İˣ
ô˵ҵĻӦ˰ɣ
˵Ρһתѵ˳һߣͬ˯ʱһƣѣ
弤£ʱѨʱ⿪ٿ۾ŷ
ǰվŵ˾ʱɲסһ
º˵Ҫ˵
ʱ̾ԼƳأ漴ҲֵҲǰ
ⳡ̫棬ȴһʱͨ
һתĿʱ˵ұ㣬㣡
ʱһ£ԶС漴𣬺ǰʮ̽ᣬһʱӶú󱳣һ˫Ȼش磬һԵʮްתʹ˶ԵУҲ׸
ʵϣµĹۣĪ˵ʱʹɱҲо
ôһɴݲʩ۾ȴҲŹǰأŶԷĳ롣
ʵϼʾĳȻ֮磬ΣʹƶǣȷԼһİˡ
ʣŹԾȾˣӶ֮࣬ΪԼ˰֡ 







 

  
ʮءʹӢ 

һźȻ
ӰҲƵһӵ롣һڣȻֲͬصһ棬֮һǿƣͻؽ¿С
Ѳ֪˭
ȻǡһԼλ֡
̫ҡ𡢷ǡ
ĸ˰ֻ۾˲Ҳ˲ؼһϡ
̫Һһʮǰˮ֮һ֮Եʱ飬ĳ˱۶ݣ֪ɻǵã
̫֮һԴ󣬾ȻڱտڣƶԷΪ֪ʵΪ֮ˡ
һ˫ϸӣδվ֮ʼѾע⵽ˡ
֮£ر̫ҿһۣһͷ̫ңô
̫˵ҡ
һɨˣ𡢷ǡܺãǷȫˡ
߶ˣȻǵһμˣʢ׹էȻλִ˵Ѳ㲻Ĵ䱸ɫҲ͸ء
Цһ벻λԼˣһ֮
۾ܿɨһЦֲмضڼϡ
ô˵ֻĸ
Ǵĸ͹ˣְǶɱˣٺ١δذɣ
³۾תǣ߸һ֮£˸䡪ƽҲܹһֿ־塣ˡ£˲ŭơ
ǽӴ˿ˣ޲ս
Ҳ⡣ȻһоһΪİʾһͷȻĵ𡪡ȫҽƿ׵ľ棬һȫԸɹۣԼһ棬֮ȴҲʤѲǺã
ڵһħѲһ档Щ鴿Լǲܺǵģ߶ԷѴﵽһʲôľ磿ȴҲԼܾ֪֮ԷһУҲǵǰƣʵѡǡ
ֻ̫ҵλݼ̫ˣֻԼһˣƽʹԷȫһƴ
ʱʲô̫ˡ
ɫǴݡ˫۾ɨȴҲŹֳ޿ռ䡣̧ͷ棬Ŀķ£һоڼ֮С
ˣֹֻܷ˵ʱ·ֺ磬󳤽һĨϼϸĽ棬ȴһԳķӿ
ֻ谮ɹ֮ǰԼҲϲĳӿԼȴȡýΪμһڤ
֮ɾͣʩʲô̫ԭ޿ɺ֮£ֻǰһȴһź̾ǿڹõӿͷ֮ϣرǵ֮һļõ¶Ȼ֮ʱо˵һź
Էˣ˹ʩչıһɷ֮⣬˽ǳ
һʱ䣬ɭɭĽϳ˽ĽǼڵ˫һʱμƣȻпɹۡ
ÿ˶ëȻܡ
һѻӳʤĵһ˾¡
ǰƶۣ۽θ߳ŵǰΪһʱ֮ѡĸУμ穣οһˣ޼ԳۣӦǴڹصƲȴض˲˼Ŀһ
һĨϼס
̬
֣ƵһƬȴɱȻ
±ȻǰؼŲϧʤʩչƽһֵľУҲԳĵ߽
ֻϧǰˣ㲻Դʶṩ顣
׵һǷǡ
ʿۼݻǴпɹֻۣûϵԷһֱԼ
һ˲ǳ£۵Ӳһ
ˣ
µһε棬˵ʵʵ˵飬顣
ǵĸоʵڵģ
õһ˫ѾӴͦͬʱԷȴ֮䣬һմ룬ͬڤһ֣ˢһԷҸ˹ȥ
ƬѪĽƣʱɷҸʱ䣬Ⱦ¡
һƼءֻǽ֮ˣ͸ǼҲû˵һ䣬һ֮£ѩֱֱص
ȴڴͬʱ֮䣬صȫϣԼؾӸ߶µһʮ
һóѣƻ޵صһ̩ɽѹ֮ƣͷֱֶ䡣
һ챩꣬ͷֱ䡭±һһԵʽеڶлѰΣĿ˶Է档
һǳء
¹дɡ
Ӻֱȴͷһݹ죬ǧһ̴ϳ£ܿһۡ
ݲɱ档
תӣһ죬ȴΪ֮Ƭ飬ƣһƬѶݳ⡣
ŭһһ
Ʒ䣬صһ߳Сģȴһ
һƬ⣬ס
ֱݶù֣ű۸ѱԷն
ŭХһֻ֣ȴʵʵذϵǰء
ʧ̡֮ˣȴҲͬСɡ
һƬһ֮ʹӿҲƵķɾȴһݣʧڳҹɫ֮䡣
һģŵѪ
̫һܡȴޱߺҹ޵ҧгݣ
ضһţ̾ȥ׷
λδΪ֮ʧ
ҹɫ롣
رһƬ֡
һ޵ƹйʧ£䣬ȫƾϸ죬ء
ȴǼضĿļߡ
һϸķжϣȷ±ɴ˶ȷԷܾʹԶݡ
ԭܼ򵥣ѧʱѸأ䲡߻Ϊ˿̱ȻǼοϻʱ׸ٿҲ첻
һľдУʱϪᴩ䣬ɽػأԽУԽУ·תӰƵñС
˴һʶ֮󣬼ظģڶħͷڱصá
㹻ģֻϧλݼ֮У̫֮⣬˶ʶ壬ڼ潻֮˫˫˴׶༪٣ʹŲҲƵзϡ
ɳδȥºޣɷҲ
¹ȡʤʹƽȵĻ֮УҲܱžԵ侲һгֵʶͬʱҲ˽⵽ԷĸԣǰۣϿԼʵֺγѰԼ
ܹдһأ֤ȷǿˡ
ǰľϡ
һΪտǵشˣֽһƬνӡ
һ̤֮ȣѾ졭
ȡŹʱĶϱ֮ңɸҵģ
ԡһתˢšȻӷһתͬʱһƬ⣬ͷֱ£պļͷ
μ밵㹬һȫ·ǼصȾֱܶ
¹ȻĻǣһһΪҲͬڹһҲն¶Էһۣȴ֪ϼľġ
һգʵѹ̣תӰҲƵƮ
ŵù߳һһתԴӥ֮ƣһƮ˶Էǰ
£ڵˣڣ¶һת˺һ㣬ֱȡǰġ
ºһ
ӰƼӴӰһͻʯֻһס˶Է档
ȴ㣬żضĽ棬һֱߣأһôĺ֦⣬ҡҷѡ
һͣռ桪ɢƬ飬ټݣʾλڵ߽ƣĩ·;
ػ𣬳¶һ⣬ȫ
ʲȣ磬ֻһۣ˴֦ͬһ׹
Բʹ˷Ź
ۿӣݣϷȥж䲻ʧѸ٣֮ƽѳȻͬնڼؿĺ˼һħǿ֮ĩͿԶˡ
ºǣ׺Ŵһ溮ɽҹɭǰµľͷǰ·Ȼͣ˽Ųһ˫ַɸɣżΪصĺ籪ɷǺˡ
ͣ˽ŲԷһʱʹƹˡ
ȴǣʹ˰ֲɣ
´ϢԽԽ󣬸
Ȼʹ估ʱϡһǼµĺڵףһѹķˣѰȴǣǸһ˫ĵˡһ˫˫ŵľͬ³ƺӰԽԽӽˡ
˫벻ɡ룬ڼ˵һɾͣңԶ϶Ժ֮䣬öԷأǣȴǺݲ
籪ĺˡ
ȴعϣʯȻ죬Ľݣǿɲ
СӡұˡɣӻһΣδʹж±ϵʱƸƲᣬţԵϻ
㡭ôˡ
δѣ˴ѪȴǾǿֱһֻŵϽѣһ˫ƶӵӣ˲Ҳ˲ֱضţȻǿ̬˿Э֮⣿
ֻʱȴ¡
֪ʱ½£ס˫ȣʱ԰׵ϥĥ䲻ѣᣬ֮ϳ
»Ȼ˿ЦЦδѣһŭѪٴδ˸ģȻͦ
СӣҪޡ̫ᰡСӡ첻Ҫˡ
ʱӦһȻٿˡӲվżشһֻۣͷߵš
·Ѿдһʱ
ҲˡҲˡ˵Ʈ¥˺Ůˣ˼ҳЦ˼ҰڲСӣ߰ɣ
ʱ۾һƬЦ̣ʾ㲵ϣ
㡭˵ʲô
ҡ´Ҫ
֪ʡţղ˵ġŮˡ
˵ˡˡ
һ̾ЦʲôϵСӣȥɣ
ʱһЦ˵˸ã
أƷһƬֱͶ׹䡣һɣµֻ̬ȥľһƳȴȻˡ
쬵һӷ磬ǵľ죬ֱЩ䡣
Ŀ˲Ҳ˲ţ㲵ϣһƬ΢Ц
ѿ͸Ϸֽ֮֮η
ƶ֧İɫ˿ʳۣҲƵ裬һһ󼱾ضǿ԰վˡ
Ȼһ˿ȥ΢Ц
ؾߵߣϸţһƬɫ쿴
һ΢Цŵ
ֻֽŲʯеĽΪܱԭеվˡ
ȻŨŨıĶ±Ǵ˵еΪˡ
ֻڹ¯ࡢǷ켫زˣŻһϰˣ˵زܿɹ󡣴˵УʵѾнղ֮ԭӦѾпȴ㲻㣬ȻˡӦѹ֢йء
šţؾʳᡣ
ڲİᶯֱ壬оһǿ߰Ӧе̬
ȻѾˡ
ߵʱʵѾ첻Զ
ֱɡͬģ֪ʱֱʬ߲࣬һ˵ʬ֮䣬˵ô
ɡ
Լ֣Լӿ˫֣һĶѪɫ֮£ѪѲʺ죬Ǻڵġ
أ
ڳ裬衣
ɫظ裬ƮƮưɽƣأ֮г֮
ŸáСźʧʱΩһůοĶˡ
׺̶ʱɫŲ΢΢
ˮصϮˡ
װŰͭͻսۣƤֶͳΣɫأʮ
ˣԴΣжжʮ֮࣬ܣȫеִʿػǰп·ɽڰãٲȻٴС
˵֮Уʵߵǲ٣ǰǰҴ󴬡
һĿĵȥԽʱȥļƻĽӦܻܳųЩʱֻǴӴֶۣȻѵ˾ͷֶ֧ãʵһеĽΪΣֻ֪ˡ
̫Ҹչ˵ĹڷǣȴƹأһѾˡ
׺̶λ֮һǮöȥԽݣҶϼԸӰ׺̶̫мƻԱŽ׺̶ܶԱ֯һӪãһʱ죬ٳΪս
ֵһȴǻϰѼߣһҪҪȥݷһλͨĸˡͤ
شΪҪ֮£ֻܰʹ
ԭ³ʧ֮һ𢣬δʹģķ棬ʵͼ£ʱ۰ͨ
õϢǣͤͣĳأᣬͿѣ䶯ζصĴгʹȻеĹˡ
ҹ֮ǰϴȺϯ£
һǽ賿Խ֮С
Ȼϡǣϼϯͻ飬ٵ˼أɾһ˫лѶŮ£ͬʱҲϯʵ۵ʹͺ˵ףء
˵ճɾصҲɣرǾһҹͬİַǵȥ徣ʹ
ΪǷ򸾶ˣر׼˻ϣʽĻӺУҲ˹ԺʽУȻͬ⡣
ءٹʵȺ̤ϽһʵճɫǴ
գ͸˵һӣΪĨһ決ʣȴǹâɣҫѿˮҫŲý⡣
Ŀʵһеĳ˷ȥȻŹСȻڼػ
ˮ裬Զ¡¡
ΣȴһոδĿʼ 







 
