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ʯ϶¥ԡ¹ƹ֮£ڴصһٱ鷭ءɫС˵ÿοƪһΣʮҵѪܻ̲ס˫Ŀ⡣
˵лƽݣִ˵ٱ飬֣١١
һٱ鿴ˣһҳˣ컹Ǹ죬ػǸأʯϡǸһ壬һ㣬ݵִꡣ
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ŭذɫӵһߣʯϾԼһͷ̷üֱۣڷţǿٶ
һ룬һ̻ΪƣԼһץһѣ˧ƽҲɫԼʲôرأ
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һļһѧһĹɺ޵һŮ˾ȻһԼ
뵽ʯȻŭס³ХҲҪƽҪŮˣƯŮˡ

ˣҪˡ
ͬ磬ͬʱͬԲ֮ҹ±ߣһװŮҵ˺Լȹҵغ˵塣
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ӰɽŷԾϣ˫ؽ֮䣬ʮɿռ˲ʧ
ˡˣǡǡ
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ȵһװףͷڣŮͶ˷ܵſ˫ۣúƴͬʡ
Ů뻳ȴڲҽշףʯһǿ׳˼£̱
ãҩδʶұ˵᲻ضȫͷأһɢԼн֮Ů˱ȥ
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ҹɫ£̨ϡ
귢Ұ޵źԭʼʡǮķӰ
ŮˡŮˡŮˣɣſ졭
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ѵһ¹£ŮһţβĦΪʯϵ޹ǵϸ
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ŮɢҵһתһˣҵĦ廹ڿмˣͻȻΥ峣ķʽһۣԶԶȥͺ֫ͻȻ۶ϡ
૲УҵŮָ״ǺҪըĴ飬ѪձľʹǵչԾȥһԾס
ŮˣŮˣŮˣܣ
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ϧʯϾ̶ˮ븹ˮһðֱˮ׳ȥ
Ǹ군ˣ
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ͻȻˮһ֣һˮ˾ȻƴӰסʯϵһᣬˮ棬䵽Ů˽¡

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վסȻɱ㣡
ʯϲһˮʥŮ̷вݣȴˤݵأ˫ָǲܿƣһ˫飬һ̽ȼ䣬һʣƽԴ֮ϡ
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ĿˮʥŮ񴽴ţ̴֮ͣ˼ꡣ
ʯһ̿ˮȥŮͻȻһƷһʯͷŵˣ־ջͬʱԺ
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ܲˣŮҲҪϣ
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ϢŮɲǻţȻһһˮɽɵԶļξȻ˵Ĺͷϡ
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ʦջĿ⣬̾Ϣֻ߳ΨһĻ᣻Ըήһ漣Ȼӽ޷֮ա

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ʱڻʧȥ壬֪˶ãʯϻ˹δſԺ
»ˬףⲻڴɻ
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壬Ѩ׶Ů˻ߵĹ˽ϵĲλӿѪҲʼϡ
Եı仯ˮʥŮ˻ʶͣһֳʯϣһһ̽ʯƫ˷
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һص죬ŮѨһףȫСϣɲǵͣٺ󣬿ҵʼѸ룬صת
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มม
˵һ»ŮеĲλҵŮ˫Ŀһ鲻Խ˿ˬڵĻ
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СԽԽǿʯ֪ԼǽǹΪץס޵ʱ䣬Ȼһһָ̽̽ʥŮѨ֮Уʹһ֣Ȼ۵ĴŵִԲ
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귢һ壬ͬ趼˽ȥʵʵڵؼ˽ȥǰδеȴŮӿѾõĻģĿ־Կݡ
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һ˹ͷۣڶವһʥŮϣʥŮһð˾Һ˽ȥġ塭һһӿ䣡
ʯϻ֫飬˲Ϣ侹ȻܣֻǴɵɵؿԼľҺŮϡϡϡС֮ϣƮɶ𣬸档
̫̼ˣԭҵôң᲻᲻ɱأ˵ֻ
һצץʯƤŮ˴һ˻ҵĿֺݣŰĴҩʥ˻Ϊɫħ
춯
ѨҲײˮʥŮѪ߰ߵһĺټģݺݴʯ֮ϣ鹵һ£һ֪
ˮһ壬ġһӣˮ֮ʥŮҲܲסʱɿơ
䣡
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ʯϵˣһ룬ȦǼͷڣԶܸܵǿʢ
ԭƽҲ˸죡
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ŮԵٴκΪһ壬ֻǵһ£ʥŮͻѨţһȻ˲һĿУ֮УǿҰޱȡ
Ůʱǰʱǰʱ˫ɨ˵촽ʱ㷢ʯϽż⣬ͦδδֹͣʶ
СѨѱʹ󵽼ޣʥŮһͷÿĴһν롣
һ硢硭˴糤˶ﻬ˽խĹ֮УĲſһֱԲͷӿֱԲͷһ֮У̵Ů˺һ
彻ּֿ֮죬תۼ䣬˻ļٴΣڣˮɫһˮţʥŮһһϣеĺɲһ롣
紵ǧ˿ͳһƮɣŮŤ˲ظֳһ׵Ĺü̴ڣ˵ǹ֣ŮҲǡ
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˵У˵ͻȻʼڻһһˮ֬ļð˳
ǲѰĺˮȻɢ㣬һյˮ֮ϣӳһ߲ʹ⻪




ڶ Ů֮ս

˿ڷ߲ˮʥŮʧȥԵҡ˿˿ˮ顱
ϸȪȪˮʯ֮͸˶µĲݵء
Ű֮УԵ겻֪תʥŮ֪ǡȪˮƤڡ
ԨϿȵŨ֮У˫Ŀͽ漣һĻһӰһж̵һӰȴϵסͬ顣
𼱣ˮʥŮĪ⣬ǲһĶ֣ˮ֮רΪӴ죬ʧйͻʧȥɹǾͷģǰҲһء
Ũڲ˵ӰɱŮʶȻ֪Σٵˮ֮ʥŮѹեʯϵһһؽĶĹűȥ
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ʴǵ쾪ףըʥź޳ĺѹ˼£ƽ̹С䶯ĴӤС˱˵Ĺͷ
ڿг鴤ʥŮȴʹбڵĶڻˣĶҲĪʧ
쳤ؾðʮ뽩Ӳ󣬻ظѵʥŮһֻ࣬Ϊҵء࣡һŮ˵ڷ뿪
ɢЪΪ̼һȴɲǡ
ʥŮӻᵹδպϵСѨȻٴһ֣ʹġOΣСһһˮȪѨʯܳˮˡ
ꡭȻǡˮŮˣ
ѩӨǿվ˷˫ţһ뵽Լմ̴ۣʯϵҪ

ҽϣʯʥŮսʱһŮ˵սҲʽѪɫĻ
Ůһ£ǧսͬʱ˺̲ˮһսū´ȥ˵һ
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սūӳμ׹һö׼飬̼ͫзŴ
սսūûлңǿһšһݺݲ˿ӱ֮У֮յĹ˰գһ١
ӳСģ̵սū˲ҵľС
һ֧ǹӿӱڴ̳սūӳǰɱ룬󱳴
ԭ֮лСӣС֮һսʿôһ£ϰսūڳǹ֮¡
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Ѫ浶ɽҽд˷ս֮ûжԴֻ
ֻƬ̵ʱ⣬ɳѾʧһʬΪ˺ߵ̤ʯ
ͻȻһһǵضսūûжƣƤ׼ûã̬˳Ҳͣ
ߵս֮ϣһŮ£ˣٵȥսūġ
εŮʻŪеĳޣһ̤һ׳ūϣνػӦսūҳȥɣĶˣɱǺ棬û

ˮ֮ʥŮƷӻһ
ǿнĿ˻ʲһɲǣпϵ˿˿ѪǿĴ֮ѪĪĸд˲ɱһ
ʥŮҪҪūҰһѣ˵Цķصһ欵ĺɫӰ
ˮ֮ʥŮɫ΢䣬˿ɲ֮ˮ»ʳĴɱ֮һļŮ
Ůҡҷδδ̧ˮ֮ʥŮȴʶһ͸գÿһ֦˺ա
䲻⣬ΣȻǻʳƻɱ֡
ʥŮһеչ˷˿ڿļʸȴ;ٶһ죬Ĳ׽
֮â˲̵ǰˮ֮ʥŮһԼʧȥһ빦
Ӱͣıƽ
ˣˮ֮ʥŮĳڲݼˡ
һһ˵ɲǣݵͻȻһɢը쳾һâ˵棬̵ת˲Ϳˮ֮ʥŮĺ󱳡
ŮʳĴɱеһɱֳˣǰмеӰʵնһɱϿν޷졣
һ˵ʵֻգ֮䡣
ˮ֮ʥŮѸٵԼĺٰӦ˹ı仯ڵɲǣɢķ˿ͻȻһزס˵С
˿һâһ漣Ӱײ˸
飡ը欵ļŮ뵶ŮֳΣŮһƣʥŮҲδӳǰİΧ
ʥŮȻ鴫ˣ
δͣδ䣬ʳŮ˵Ӱֳˣ纮磬׵úƱŮһͿԽʮɿռ䣬һգۣĳѿˮʥŮͷϷ߿ռ䡣
ˣȲݼغˣˮʥŮûǰƮȻҲѲƵ
ūһ
ŮûһңӰǹȻʥŮδȫպϵֱ
ͬʱɱʥŮͻȻһһ桪ն
ԵҽҲϢǰԴž˼֮⣬˺̶ˮ֮С
ͬʱʥŮǿһƵ֮ϣȻĿ˵棬ȴĿ񱩾þڣѪ׵һҵĹ켣
ѪŮѺһ߰㣬Ϣ˵ˮʥŮǰ˵ˮ֮ųƲط֪նͷ󣬻ܻܲ
Сɱ˫Ŀɱ̵һ𣬼㿳ʥŮ޳ŵľ
˲䣬ϿԨѪͻȻһһĴ紵ɢ˵Ůеĵ⡣
ˣ
һԳŮʥŮƾͻ֣죬ƮƮռȻݣݷǶǧһ㡣
½죡
뾪ѿڶʳŮͬʱһŮʵ㲻𣡡
һϮ½쵭һЦÿɷԵĸɫʥŮϣȻһ绪˲˺飬ʳŮ˭ľϼŮŪ˵
ǣʳŮٴһϳʱҪأľϼȻûɷ½칦ŮȴԸ½죬ҲԸж֮Ƶľϼ
˵Ȼ٣Ůһɣݲ䣬һͻȻ˺ա
âһԨϿһƬţŮؿ˿ľϼֻͷ˿ԼؿڣûʹûѪֻһĽСס
룡
Ůһһ˵֣漴Ȼˤ䳾Ŀ
ľϼɰӺЦӯӯеĶɱɭɭݷЦʵܸң˭Ů𣿡
ȻһľϼһƶŮȴ㶾ɵɱı˻ʳѪأʧɫŮٵѾ̶УҩҲѱŮʴãҵ޹ء
Ҳûˣ
ľϼ紺ţʳŮȴ󾪣ֱӸܵһɱ飻˭Զµһ롱Ȼĸо
˲䣬½Ĵϣ񽭺һ㣬ֹӴɱ䣬ϼָֻʹѣ˳Ҫʱˣ߰ɣҪ
ľϼԶɷʴе㲻ջɱһɷתȥһ߱ذɷһۣ˼Ѿþûɱˣҵоɨˣû˼
ֱһаƮȻȥʳŮеѹʧһǷԼĺһƬ亹
һȥŮ欷Ȼ䶳Բƣɲ㡭Ҫɱ𣿡
ѾŮʣջʳɣ
ƻ΢٣ĮŮͻȻһ̾Ϣཻ꣬һȥɣԺΪ֮ʳضͨ㡣
лɱ֮ūȥˡ
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Ѫ֮Уϼæ˳һ֣ʳȴͻȻ΢΢һˣһֵŮ˳˶һ޶ܡ
ѽ
У̼ܣܲļ̹Ѫ˿˿ǡֲ
סˣҲϰɣֻϣֵǵмֵ
֮ϣＸһϹݣͷ֮ĵǴս
ɱû𵺣ĻһֱʮʮҹɢȥѻΪ˹̣ʱأҲɢ

زΪ˱̾ոبȻ
һƬɽϪʯ֮ϣһֺýŵڴ
߲˧òˡƽǱ̵ĵꡣ
ǳǳϪˮӳĵӰԼϤʯȴеһİԼ˷ܣƽ˲ƽ£ܻἤ㷢෢顣
ͷ˿Լɽ͵һƾ£̧ͷúƱʯգһĿ˼ɳԺ
꿴С˵ۻľ飬ǿĻ룬ʯ˴󵨵ĽۡԽԼԽʱ˹Ŵ
ԭлƽݡٷһٱҲֵ
ʯһ֣һǿС˲ֽƻĹâݷҲΪ˱任ȸԾ
Цر޳ܣһ뵽Լӵжʮһ͵֪ʶɲǱޱСʯϵֿԶ죬ſء
¡¡ҿǳˣŪСһԵǧˡ
ǮŮ˼
ҧɽҰһֲ̤һ˫ƾɲЬʯȴʵһҡڣԼɼĳչ۶ȥ
ʱһΣת۾͹һ졣
һСڣһӰڼɪɪ
ءɱǧС˵ߣƭˣ
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صеĵһɲǣʯϾЦڴеԹƺʧ˼ʹ˯ˣҲü¶С
Ժ֮Уһķʯϰ᲻Ч죿
᲻ᱻɱͷѽꡭģ˵Ǭһݣ
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⣡ѵҰѾͷ˵ҪҵԴ
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뿪ӨķţСūֽ붪˻УȻоزԼķ䡣ಣһӰ˻ԣɫϸ˿вĺۼִյǰᣬ׾ϳҩĵĳɷ֡
ֻһЩͨҩģһЩ飬ţֻɫҩﲻ֪ʲᣬӦþҩɡ
¹Ȼзɳһ⣬ӳڷӯľɫӰϣ֮ޣľɫԺ޳µľϼȻָһ㣬ȻὫָİɫ˿Уϸ桢Ʒһ
ŨҺڿлȥľϼԿԿ϶ǵһ·֡ҩѱԺطȻҲֱ治
ʯϲ첻صУһƨ޻ڱĿϢҲԴţش齣ܿͷƳ
ڶ죬ʯֳŲɹȥˡ
½һһϢ⻪ϼѺɣǽҹ߰ɡ
ľϼһ˫֮ڲϷ޾飬浾֮ɷ̩Ȼӳɻԣ죬ʳֶѲ޵һҹƺõɲǣҿСūҲˣ
ӵĴ½֮ϣһҲǵ̱ĿϢ
ҹ巿У巿⣬һĻٴˡ
ٶľϼ޵ȴֻʯ͵͵ŪǼζͨҩģûпʱҩɫȻСūǰΪʲҪ£һá
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ʯһߴشһ߰Ĩ˰亹ʵҲΪʲЧѵԼŲɫйأˣδ˵вɫľҺ١١֮Уһȴ;˱仯ʯͷҲˣʲ᣿̱ˮСħŮе˲ȴиŮɬʯϲ췴ѹһϿȥһߵС㣬طһ̣͹ɣūԼȻСڻ֢
ʶľϼǴΪɣΪ֤һҧһۣʯ壬ȴһСС棬һġ
ţūûɫģСûһЦˣԭһС̫ࡣ
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С㣬й㶯һطЧá
˵ָŮ֮УȻѨȴ׼ȷѹŮ΢΢¡֮ϣָĦǵļƷݣĴĽϸ졣
ūһ̽ѰֿţҵΪе飬ָͻȻһ㣬һͬʱСݺһѹ
ѽ
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һ߼СһͦŮеѳжʮף˶֮ｾصŮģȵϢ巿ϸСǽ

ӨҲ״еŮѿڶʯͷˣ
ūӪľʯ֪ԼֻǾ½ϵȳߴ磬ǼƷƷ˲ǺˣʯԾһд־ˡ
١١С㣬ⲻʲᣬ㿴š
һԵĲڹת۾Ͱһˮ˸УһһŮԡؿСū
ʯֿʼӨ߸һŮȥ

ӨȴܵŵŮʹ⵽ǣ¸Сū£޵ķһţճһߵѨҲδӹĿַ
һѳˡķΧǷеŮǷˣڵȴ۔ĳ֣ȫӦӦá
มǡǡ
ŮԽԽĺҲ֪ŨŮϸȽūƼȼ䡣
˷ʶһĥѿʼΡ̡Լɷΰ½Сūһ֪ʶȤ
һһӣǰһܻصһѾ˴࣬ĺˣƵԽԽߡ

ͻȻеľɫŵ÷˰УСūȻֳһأ׳˺üȦôѽڵӨһղסȻԲͷ¶棬Сһգգضֵϡһִδйļ¶ķĹڻص
ʯϿԼʮ׵ĳ˱ƽᵽ̥ǵϿУɣ۔øһЩɣƽ޵
СþԵøۣĿⶼһĻ
ǰп˿УһᣬľϼȻѹ־μᶨҲƲסϵĻϼ
ƽķɵ˾⣬ɫɣȴ֮زز
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һ˵о겻ǾͽֱľϼȥԺѹʧ
ūջ˸ԶĿ⣬ΪС㰴Ħᣬȴû뿪˳ڹάŮոǿȻ̽ʵС㣬˵һžѧлƣ᲻ѽ
˵ǾѧˣȻ˶ᣬСƱһҲǾѧСʯͷҪҪҽ㼸У
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ߣһףһҲҲҴ򣡡
ʯϿĻŭţȫףԭҰѾͷƽʱԼʴȣ治Ůˣÿ¡
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صؼĶӦˮǼưոݣѰ̳˵ʳڴתʮվִ̳ܵǲʮڻȥһн֮ӣ߳ȴˮ˷ҧһڡ
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Ի֮ᣬһз·תˮŮǵĿӶضɣȫҳնϽϣһĻᣬʮץסȻ¼Ȯ

˹عŮȥʯȴ췭ظǸ鷳ˣʮ죬ʮԼ
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ӨĿһɨһգϰԵذ˵ظȽһ£Ȼö˵
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УӨķӦһļң漴绤ʦ㣬ץҪʱˣ
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ᣬɻûŪ࣬ͻȻķһȣһŪӷĸľɫɰ죬˼ţѾþûŰ๫ˮ֮ˡ
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С㣬ūŰԡ
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СħŮԺһƬĲūͣʶңټ϶ūָһһ㣬Ůһ

һеˮζʯϵָѲŮѨ֮У粻Ƕūʱ֣СħŮڿѱָȥ
е޲Цľϼ˼άر𣬲ûлɱС˼źϷȥ
һ˫һ߰˼⣺ٿһ㣬ֻһ㣬˵ʱ̾ˡ
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ūһںޣһָŽţȻȴ֪СħŮĴѱɡSΡ
ĻһˮӿøӼ٣죬ԽԽ죬ūָŮ춴ﵽͬһࡣ

⣬˫ֽǽϣʮָףһ˫ԲѿʼĦصʱȻһúƻգ๫ڲԶԼȻ͵˸Ů֮¶
ľϼƶǹֵȴıԣصĶСڣĸƾһҧĲݡ
ߣ̵ҪСūСѾͷظһҹ
˵˫ٴζסСףֻС˫ץסͰأ֣ƺڼˮµʲᶫ
ˮԡͰһƬŢ
ٴռ䣬Өʯͷû桭ѽˡ
ūѰָǳǳشţᣬָͻȻһˣһҧסŮСɵĶϷС㣬ѽҪҪūñֹٺ١
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㡭󵨶ū
СħŮڹٻ֮ңȻԲٻеūټŮ֣ū˺ڣʱŭѡ
СħŮͻȻһƿʯϣȻžҪԡͰ
εūһҰף漴Ժһȣ뵽ҰѾͷƽնԼȭߣ˳ûѹƾȻʱȻ
ߣūӮǧС㣬ѵɡӮ㲻ɡ
ԹɢŮ˻һԴ󷢣Ů̧ȵɲǣȻǰһˣˮ˷ӿ
˫סŮ֫ƿĴԲͷǰһ壬ŮһУðһֲѹ߸¡ı֮ϡ
Ѳռ飬ǿ顪Ϊһǿ顣
խöūˬ˹޴ͦȴŮ۵УһյӨ˿ȫ޻֮ɵɵر壬һֱ嵽ǲڴŮĤϡ
˲һأıļһŵһȻʹСħŮѨͳˡOΣ۵ǧС޵
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СӾѣūƴүλ漴һļټǳ壬Ů֮Ѫ˷ڣСħŮС
ÿһ룬ץŮ֫ѹͬʱ׺ݵ϶ֱȫ룬Ů֮Уͣ漴ֱִˡ
ŮʧỨոӿۿūһηȫ룬̽ỨײɢرĿռ䣬رĶȻ˵ƣҲŮѡ
籩һᣬ˫ĿͻȻһ˲ԽһҧŮ֮ϡ
СħŮûаУֻоʹеԼѱ˺룬ǶūƫƫҪ˺ƬˮͻȻ𣬶ūСˮĽ֮У˺·ؽŮϷףһףȻֱԵĴֳ¼׹
ĦŮĲҽͬʱŮ˫䣬ֵСѨֱ˹ͷ֮ϣһס
һֺףӨɲѣ֮УŮ㷢ոմˮ棬ˮٴμŮһ׷ɡ׹塢ҽС
ѨзؽſؿϣʯҲû뵽ԼԹԭ֮ӨŮ˵硣
塢塢塭ЩҰŮˣ巭̬硣
СħŮȻѻԣҲ̶ãŰŭȴʯϻڷ񣬾ڶū׼ɱɲǣϹȴŭĽŲһ飬һԹӿ
̵ľҺŮģȻ˳վŮĹʶһƮˮϣһ˳Ů»

ᣬͻȻ˷֮УľϼѱɵˣöҲп־ʱԺľȻżƺҲ˿־塣
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ūһֻǲһԲͷȻῪʼԭתƬ֮ᣬŮȻɡˡ

ŮƮʹ࣬꣬ںʯˮ˰ΧŮӣ۔˲֣СħŮȫʱȫ۾ȻѾʧŮӻһ㱦ʯĹ⻪ɫһ㡣
ľϼփˣԻˣһ귢㶵ĴҲûнҹ࣬ɱ˲ͣͣҲԼжϡ
еŮһɲǾǿ־ˣʯ˫Ŀ˳ϿңŮòעС㣬ղֻƵһ㿴ǶѾ˺ܶ࣬һܴʦˡ
СħŮʱҲע⵽Լı仯һƴԲͦ࣬һ룻ʯϵӡȡ˶˼õĻ䣬Ůȫвʡ
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е㲻Эʼص˵ظοŮ֮ģӨٴڻڶūС
һ仯ǹɹУľϼѿ巿оʶָһ̽ŷԼĳȹѱ͸ƴˮڲͣ
ม졭֮䣬ɫصԼ»֮ҹܵɷ򼤶ؽ˲䡭




ڰ ٱǹ

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仯һ壬ʯҲᵽ˸ȤԭŮ˲ҪҲҪ֣Ҫʣĺʣ̥ǵıɾؼΨһġǹ
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Ůˮһһ˵ҵз뿪ŷͰֻʣһˮ

ӨˮУСѸƽˮǳǳˮ渡֣ưɫĺۼҲƮ漴ˮһŮޱеӡ
ĿһĻڻʯ϶ʱһȣ˲ŭָ죬СȴŶصĺ
С㣬ūΪϴɣûϴǬأ
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Өתӣ˫ָոץסͰأһ̧ȣһĻһ룬ûġ
Ԫ磬ͬһɲһΣʯϲͣЪ̰ӨֵͰϣŮһȿڼϣ漤롣
𽵹֮УūܵԼһֻ֮ҪŮһۣ֮ͻŮӴˮͬʱ䣬ִ֮ﵽϾ硣
ֻҪˮ˵䲻˥ԽԽͦġٱǹ
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ǡǡӨҪ
ָеԼСͣ飬ȵĴһסŮӣС
飡
ʯСħŮһηĻʱι̵ԡͰȻūȻײãͰɢܣ㵹ӵǵһŮȴþûзֿ

ӽ֮ʱСūŻص˷Уƨ׷ʣ͵ҷ˾ţ֮˵ҼС㣬뿪
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ʯͷʯͷСӡĶ˲ѽ˲ţȻʧۣ̫֮ϧˡ




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仯ĿںҹйƶܿͱյԺסȥ·
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ҪӲʣͲҪЩˣΪǹҲϲ˭ǵģ
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һ˵ʯκĹֲ·˹Ȼɫ任Ƭᣬˮ»ʳŮǿȻˣǾڸУҲԺ
ףʯͷˣǡˣһһɵɣŮˣȻûлۼҵĹأ
¶СԽ˵Խ˳ʯͷڰӳΪŮʽЦҲһ顣
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Сū棿ţˣǾΪɲţɡ
ףҪĵĴҲ㶡
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Сū̻Ȼ򣬶·ͬһʱҲЦСѾͷҪǰһףǲ̫װģͨ籨Ҳûá
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һ䵽·˹͵֮ϣһ¼ҽõӺζڲеĿһ̧֮һ̡
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СҶ˼֮ʱĺ붬ѩѾѵĿӣŮ˵Ŀ޼ɵɨ漴ͻȻļž
ѾС㣬ٵˣŮգգۣȻͬʱһ
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ɫһ̣ʯԺ׻һƬհףѸȥֻ֮ʣƬ׻ĲˣǽгһߵļƷ鹵
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ĵϷй¶·˴ŵ࣬һԺܲѰĸŮӶЦ
Ϸ޵Ůһ£Цڵľƿ̫ƽʵΪﲻòѽҿɲлһļϸһūֳʲЦ
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һξĸѾҲЦŮ˵š
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ʦ˴ʲѽӣǴ򵶻Ǵ򽣣ͽܺΧ쳤һȴϡ
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ʯϻδعѱԷһ߷ɣˮһһһūĿһ¸ſڣҲԼһĶֵض
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ϲٻĶūСſͦñֱҪ¸ұ
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һһԲΡʯǰһַ𰤴ūһ߲ؿ˿ǰĽӡ
ŵĻԸһūǸ缸䣬ӻһ⣬ûĵɻ
СֵܣС˼ȥץҩѹѹԻȾ
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ǡǡСūѰٶҶ꣬Ĺ֪СūȻһҲûУ
ʱ~ĴŰ˫壬Ȼȹ˻ʮˣһּס⣬һЦСӻ¸ܼң㲻Щūŵλ΢ʱȴá
үŪˣѽͰŪ˼˫顣
һϣ԰˵
١١ʮͦ޲̰Ѳǹ⣬ȵ˫Ŀþ֮ϣ¶ɡ
үһ棬һ鲻Խ̾ûб˫Ůˣ
дɫŨ֮ʱ⴫һ֪֮ݷ޴һѹԱүǰ
Ȼλƴ֪ȻϼһͷȴС˫һһαĿףȻᲢͥ
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ǰδ⣬ȴȻ·˵˫ԭ˾޴ˣȻԼš
Бjϼ޻ȴ޶仯ֻھٱؾͬʱһۡ
ŮĳرУʱӵסԼζֵүģȻҲѰŮӣһǳЦᣬЦӯӯض·˵㣬ŽһȻŮ̳鴫ò֪ûл̣
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ʯ鸡֣үʶޱȸˣȴִһ۾ͿүЦµձԣһ뵽ԼҲɻǺ޵ҧгݣ޿κΣȻִӹܼұȨʱֹ࣬ʯϵԣСūܿһ֣С˲ٺ١ҲҲץȥʵƷ
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Сūһֱ׳ģȴûԼƺ𱻹֣һҲû˼ֺǺǵؿʯϺٻ
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һɲǣһʮӰƴԾ롣
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Ĳǻжϣ֡ʮֵ֣쾳Ȼų˵ҪӦȴ۔

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Ů˱ƶ壬޵ʯһţС˲ԵĹâһҧʥŮ֮ϣĻ˲Ƥ⣬Űᡣ

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ոճڣѲسŵǰһͦ͵룬ĲһֱƵŮ˻

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˸֣û˿ƶȴѾҵءսϰٻغϡ
ĦкһǿҵĽл֮УʯϵᱳȻһһɹ̵Ȼͬʱҧ̵½˳ҲĴˮĹײ˸š

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һᣬЭܿƶµİ취½˳һƮȻȥҲ̸ԻطΨӿʥŮıӰղĿ⡣




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ˮ߰ӲסֵһһߴȤū֪үᱦ볢һţ飬үҪķӣǲֱǿѽ
УڲŶ¼ң١١·ӣһܽԻɢͽУˣһþƣҪΪʯܼѹ




 ҷԴ

Ժ䣬һӰϢ˹ܼҵķ䡣
ʯڴΪ͵Կ֮´ԽбһÿӰ겻ɰ۵ſţҪ͵͵ط˿ء
£˼¶ȥˣˣʲᷳգҪҪūΪǽѣ
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ʯϱŮһȴǳžһƿŮ˽ͦεĸӣʯһԺҿ˾ӣջң
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ӰȥЬӣѰŮԴСɫ˿䣬ֺһȻסǸ߸ĳ
ʯϵ־΢jʼ뾯һһŮԽԽ֮ʱһ¸С˷⣬ܼңү룡
ʯڻӦһһҪϼ޻ү򽻵ͽסΪ˷ܣ١١ֿԽԴˡ
Ӱ⣬ذ¶ڴͷʯǱӳȥŮ˲ݸһЦߣһ죬Ҫˮ֮
ԭѾϳʯϾǵնȥˮʥŮڵӣ½˳һĲ֮ģǺݶʮķӡѵֶΣʯֵֻܵ
үһūţõʹˣﻹ˼ƣţɣ
ٵؽ_ݣЦ§סİСūϵشû֣ϵѽԣһɣظΪ
ʯϿʱһСүٱȰʱСū˲һ춽ŵָһƱ䵽ϣϵľˮȻҲһء
үˡС˸Сֱ΢үͬϯơʯͷһϻ̳Ͽ֣˵⵹˶С
Сֵܣ˽˾ۻᣬ㽲Ϊһ
үԲӡ죬һգ۾ͰѹȻöԸСū˻ͬʱȻ˸ɫ
߹ɲǷ֣ƱɧֱָָСūү˵ˣϴȫʯܼȣү˴̿Ͷʯܼһ
ɫǰﲨƣССūһ˺üͨ죬޴˾Ʊһھͽȥ
ĿѴ̲мһЦٲСūһۣк
ᣬټ߰ϯȥڵˮСūĿתϰԵЦʯϣæعͷδģ˫ĿѱһƱ⡣
ʯֵܣһһСС⣬°ɡ
һһ
СҶѿεѣָΨĿޱƱ֮ϡ
үҪСˡʲ᣿ֻҪСܰ쵽ϵɽ»𺣣Ҳû⡣
ƱƵСҶǰȻħ˵ʯֵܣоֻأ˵¼һŻͼһѿصرԿף֪ʯֵܷæģֻһգ֤ڹԡ
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ʯһϺ꾹ȻҲڴ⣡ʵհСϢˮһʯȻֲᣬɿ˽ץƱָүСĲң˭͵ԿףҪ˭ԴС˸ˡ
ʯֵܣӦҲѽˣһҪ͸㡣
ͻȻʧ㳲ؿһʯϵ˵һֵߣȾϴ˲ߣĻһ㣬һ֮ڲܵõš
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ɵɵʯϾһ漴ɫ䣬ͨһڵأСеүС֪ˣү
벻ֲֹʯֵܣģ鵤Ȼȥɣͼء
ū̴ģۼָˣȴˣĿȹ⣬үС롭һ
áãȻû㣬̰ĲϽģȥɣ³֮᱾ٸһ
лү
Сū߬ŴƱͬʱսȭͷغԼûа״ġ
١١˳˵ùȻûǰٶ֣ǸϺӣĵ㳢ӶѪ
СūһصԼУЦλһƱ׷ɡ
ҹעһҹССҶƱӣ˯
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ƣڴ⣬ر֣ʾ֭Ȼ벻һЧİ취
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һĹ豻ͻأңʯԻԴ޿κεرŮһʯС·ͬʱһСӰո߽¸
Өòĸĸջжʮŵˣ
ĸ򰲣Өˡ
СħŮȻһɫȹβʧȥĻ¹ƤѥҲٵϸСһǳ֮С
СѾͷ״·ע⣬ǿСħŮ󣬲ɺǲ죬ػӨ˭۸ˣ߲ĸĸ
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ʦã˵ӳءؼʱ̣欵¶С˽֮յؽӨĻ˻ȥ
ʦ㣬Ϣ𣿡Өήҵ˲һ׿·ˣһԾͳ˴
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̫һƾնһ֮СūѧƤëеƤëһ쾳Լ׽ĺۼ
ӯøḻɰ˼⣺ѵʲݴ󷨡




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żǧлʯ۔㽫պеλ룬ūĴ漴С㱳ѹȥ
֬ļ΢΢һ˵ʵʵѹ¶С㷼һĳ̵죬·Ҳ۴ţޱŮഥķ֮䡣
ĶоΣûʲ仯
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һ̺ʯӣĲǿѧŮˣʵֱӣĻشҲ̹ףףŮеȣе飬
С㣬еȾͶˣСǶַƤԣյ֬ȻˣһСûҪǡǡСС˼ģ
һūʱһԡ̬ĸŮоͬʱңҺ׼ԼڵĶرĺˮ֮УĶغǳŮ쳣оֲŶԷӶﵽͼӰЧ
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ۿŮϹūȴԶˣޱȳϿҵˡС㣬Ҫݾ͸Сȥ׼
·ȻᷴԣȴϱѸٴ׷˳ȥӰˣŴ׶УҼȥ֣
ʯԺһΣСƤԼ治ܸˣĵԸѹˣСƤҲƿ˿Ŀ⣬ῴøϸ

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ʯ˲ٴ֣һգ⽫ͲصᣬǶҩ벻һԣ
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ԼŮȻ˽⣬εһ̾漴ĿתǴδ߲ʾ͡
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ƣ޼ɵĿⲻȥԿףżͦţ顣
һȥɫĶǶȻϸܣȴڲزסǷʧľɫ
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춣ռһ˻ġֻǶū˷˷㱳֮ϣʯϵĲа㼤ʵʵ̫Ĺ켣ƶƼףˣĶ˵ֻһ𣿡
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Ũľڸ߹һūԼľҺݺʣȻһ٣˲ص齴ء
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ʱһһȻƮ㱼䣬·΢գȫСūر̵УǰԽ족Сū˿ͣҲûУѸƣָԽԽ
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ūɫȻ԰죬ԾˡոĺȻ˿ӣȻһסը

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׶ĦȻСѴ쾳ʶˣġ
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Ļ˼άһĦԽԽңʶʵʯͷҪࡢáѽ
˻ʼƴӴǡǡˣˣˣϾҪˣมˣ̧һ㡣
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ҵԾūٴνµһ˲һֽſ˴֮ϣӵģģ

һƺ޼ɵūƴǰһͷһ̵̱һһİɫȫ˼米֮ϡ

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еԿףū˼⣺ԿʽǸأѹҪӵС͵ţڶѾ֣ǽǽأ϶ܽүûж½˳ȵ˵




ڰ ˫

ʯϻظոհԿײغã¶Сð˳ūִ׹˵
Ůеġ顱öūŵȷҪʼʵ顱źţء
ʯͷ㲻˵ƿ𣬱СѾһͷɵƣߣһԣ
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Ĳҽз˸߿գɺڣǰֻѿѧ֧ߣȴĿ
ҩû򵽣ƵԭʼͻȻ¼׹һСūˤ겻ǣĿѧ˴ݲᣬ׵СūطӭԵ׵׷ʣò˦֮ˣδֱ߳˰졣
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СūָǸȻЩӾǹҧһȫ˲źá
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ʯ˿ϧҲûУˮ߰Ůһ˵Ĵᣬѹȥ۵ľһȫ룬Ҵ֮ĹҲ˲ҽУ廨紦һѪ䡣
jܿ쵭ʹūʶкϳһš
ʯҧ壬÷ɧһ㺹ˮ
ѽˣ
һſ˵ϣūȴ˵طҽУͥⱩ壬ջ죬𶥣籩㼸ټǳᣬһָ̲࣬ҲԶСȴȻŶū
ʱת۹˰ʱĺٴηǰͬļ飬һζջ˵˫顣
Żս֮УԼͬһĸŮĵĸӦ΢ͬʱһ˶֣漴ͥȥȻҪ
ϸĸİΣ
Ůˮ֮ʥŮܵؽâϽãһѺ񱳳ʱɨѪ֮סŮ͹Ͻ÷ʧڽֵҰ֮С
ˡ㡭
ɫռ֮ڣ·Ҳڷ񣬷
ָˮɫ죬ȻܻĵɧСū֮ʱ·˸߹ķȻΪūһҵ˷йĶ
飡
СūһʱȻ˵ڵأϾѹϣѹöūǿ֣Ǿš
ţ飬ƷѽͦᣬУѽã
ʯϴڱûֲ书·Ȼֻʣ±ܣȻѹܶھͷĿѣԸ޵ļһﲻЦãӲᱻɡԻɲ֪Σ͸˵ӸӽܵĦŮƽ̹СһһһԷҵʯϰ
̡
˵춽·壬һ硢硢硭ŷһߴһµףԲͷһ֮С

ʯϺص·˵ĻѨһС죬ĴҧԲͷƻ
ԽԽʶԽԽƮʯһĽխһ߱ؿĽӽ
ǸҪˣء
СūĻҧ֮УϧԻ·Ȼûɿ飬ѹøĦø
žžž
ͣʶΣԶԶȥԼǿꡣ
ΣͷһʯϻѣԺҪӳŹأֻΨһİ취ɣĸɣɵ·ӷͷѾɵûɢȻûˡ
ٱǹǹ֮˲ܶǹȴݺڡ
ô󣡡
ԻҲл֮ȥĸоΰȻɲִһȦֳعͷԶһһεشݺݲӹ

ʯԵǱѸٲ巭·ˣʱһǲҲᱻ֌ơ
ھ޴֮ᣬͻȻСԲͷ䣬ת·Ѩÿһռ䶼ɱһ飬漴һҧסΪеG㣬ʼ˳ػ




ڶ ū

ޡѽ
·˸ոӦ˵ľ޴󣬲϶ͻȻУĹڼµĳ¡ڻҲͣ鴤
ǰδеһ֮ᣬ·ҵ˲䷭ףѵٵ촽ź˲һͨ
·˼֮ʣ˼֣ʯһƫͷ˲˴æ
ĸѾߡӰͬʱΧŮͬʱ춽ʯϴ·˵ľɱ¾˳
ʱţɫȻӾ磬ʯjŮѾһΰڵء
ӰִŮȷ룬ȵץסŮɱֻδС죬ѴӰ;ɱһƿӰ
ҵУˮ߰һǿռҪĵط
߹ŷź˳׷ɡ
ĸѾǱʶ֮вഺŮĴԶת˵ط
ʯϴཻţĺɼסʯϵȣԴʹĦ˵ϥǣѩľСȴǻ𱬣ʯ϶ͷһֱ˽ֺιҲδŹ
Ů˼ռȫŮɱֱɫƲץסʯϵָͲѨ֮С
ˣ֮һȫˣҵ˼㣬ҵ۷塣
ʱ·ҲǰļлعΪ˵ĺһԾ˫ڿлһ켣ֶ֮һԱɫ
飡
ʯϱ߸Ůѹ֮ϣԭľƲѱһɨ⣬ŵƴбľ̳㵹һŮӳ׽ݡ
ˮˮˮˮȻڣźСƺߴ˷
ۡۡ
ͣ䣬˵ֹطԾ߷壬ʯѲ֪¡ϡҵŮ˭ֻ֪ҺһѨᣬһ̾ͻᲹϣǰһŮڸ֮߳۷裬һѿʼź
봺ˮϢ˿ռ䣬ҵޱȾʵĻ
ʯڼлˣŮȫٱǹ޾ӵ󣬰߸ѨŵǰδеĿȣҲŮƷζ˿ӡꡣ
䡪
¸Ժһ¸ǽƻپȻҧ֣κζԷһ̫࣬ȫܡ
£⣡
󽭺ŮдУӰĲҽ
ɵѪŮǰһգͣǰ
ͥ춱ƿһѪġͬʱ˽ȥ
סף
ͬʱƿ˲Ӧýյţڲ˲
֮һƬǽ壬ԾһҵĴ򶷣ȴӰܼҌ彩Ӳ⣬·ˡ֪ݣȫȻֻɫ԰ףϥ˹ˣлһ벻ҶСʯͷ
Զ߸߷ɵСҶȻڴ֮УĿĵѪϴӿСūһƬɢ
ľʯϣ·ͻȻſ˫ֹĶСģʯͷҵ˴̿һƣ飬ʯͷʶأҲ۔Ҳһ
·ɫ԰͸ų죬ͣʵΣѵǷѱ£
ףѵ֪ĶŪĻ½˳ѿҪ⣬Ůͻȥס
ĸҪת·ȴһЦĶģǴ߹һҲ룡
΢΢漴һסɻĹ⻪ỷƣףᷢʲ£

·Ȼһ̾Ժ̸֮һ棺˴̿͹ƣҶ˶Էԭץҵʣҿʯͷܼҳ˽˶Է
һϰԵļЦͻأҲӵϢлصʵռ䣬үйһĨ΢ɲĵ⣬漴͵˵ǣǶʯͷǰȼݣһūѽնҪúñţˣ˵
ں¡г˵صף½˳صĹһĨӵκ죬ʯϸĹȻԿף껹ˮ֮ʥŮҲ
ֻǲ֪һĶǳ춼˱ģΪǶһ޶ǧɲǼˮ֮ʥŮӰƮ⣬Ů佣΢գٻӰ룻Ůȥһӣر⡣
ĿռӰӣŮȻͥŲƮˡ
ٱ䣬ת۾һԽǽһεصֿٱķˣһߵȴǿа߹
½Ůһ⣬ӭ治ǽһֺŵľŸͨ
˳оˣ̫ףҵģⷨӸ򵥡
°Ľң漴һףһָֻССһ٣漴ӯ˫һڷȥ .
һƽ𣬴ıޱУǽǾŹǰ˷⣬ֻܸŷǰһš
ۣһֻͻƽѹҪʯͷˡ
½˳ЦȤ漴һתü΢ǰشʦ죬֮˵ǿѨ磬ʮɣȻûһ֣ǻػ˰ɣ
˵ǹٸ˳ԕ࣬ӻˣûпҲ֪öĻЦԹзƮһԽɫ¶ڲͬԡ
ѵϢһʱ䴫¸ӵɫһ
·ȴһ΢ЦȻԵá
ĶǴС㣬ҪͺɱͶˮλƷء
·˵۹ת׳ذը⻹ס½˳£ټŮʹʦȻһʧ
Ʒϣжʦ
ϵЦ˲佩ӲүףԭԼûܳɹǶˡ
ʮǰˮҹͬ趨һرĻˮ׵Ļʳ־ͿԳΪϣ磻ˮΪ˹ˣһһʹලˮҵˣŮʣϽһв֮٣ϻͿʹΨһġҲǿְܡ⡣
ӵ˵λܽȻһǹϹƷǸ߼ϣѰԵüʱȻһ־ټһųµһɱֵ϶ѹɫ죬ζ
̸ˮ֮ʱ˵СҶ۔ſ˫ĿĿɵɵתһȦһᣬȻع
Сģд̿ͣѽ
СūġٶۡɲһƬЦϲʤسǰȥ_Ŀ仯̿ˣɵˣţСӣõ𣿡
¶СĹػδ˵꣬СūͻȻֲ̬죬һѪҡҡ׹¼ҶǿС㣬Сû¶طϢһ
·һ֣˼æʯܼҲ뿪ͥ
ĶȥʯͷҲ٣
·˼ʱס˶Ůûв𣬷Լ͸
֮⣬ĲֵüЦٲ˼׷ԹԵ˽ߡ
ڣͨһת½˳Ȼǰ֣һĿռԾȻĿѰҵĽɽɽ춳֣Ůɫȴǲϲ
֮ǰһŮϥŮƮɲǶգϲֵ֣ߵֱȴӦǿϢ
֣Եĸ֣ѹֻδԭбȻظڵȴǣԤԺڿϼһͬһɲǣŮԾࣻݵˡһŮƻõٻӰȻǵİΧȦ
ȵĸһ٣ɽȻѹÿռŤ׵ĺһвҽܵˮǰܿհ¼ҿӢ֪λҵȱ
ֱǡˮĶƷϣ
½˳ƮҲɫ΢ңµĺѴɴ
½ﲻ֮ᣬ㸸½ϣֻҪ־ܣˮ屣ֺ֤
ϼһͬʱǰ̤һˮĿתĻŮλҲѰ֮βҿɴʧֵ
ѽǰסˣ
Ů׳Ĳɴ佣֮âһ˻սĻ
ˮƺûпյĽâأΧŮת˲죬һƾͻֵĿȴ磬µ佣֮ŮΡ
תķˡŮǰʱϼһ﷢ɱ֮ʱ½ŮԲԴС
£һ֮
½˳ӯӯնŮģȻֻǵһκֻһۣϬ
ˮٴ趯һξסĲǶֳֳ̽½˳ӱ˵ԭһգ½˳ٻӰ˳ʱת
죬ԽԽ죬ɲᣬˮʥŮ׷˶תٶȡ
׼׼ֺݣƮɵʥŮ̳ҰԵһһ޻أֱˮʺȥ
飡
޿ռͻȻһɪɪλŮ۔ˮϵİΧȦȥ
һֳͣϼһӰֵˮȻסͬ쭵ϢüѸˣӲģŮòҪУöʦȥ½ıɣǺǡ
ʯܼңϰϢΪš
Ҷʯͻ˷䣬漴ȿڣ˭֪ʯܼҽĹͣɻڴ׾٣ˣ˯ţȥСɣǶūţҪر֣
ʯǫѷȰ˵˺ü䣬Ҷȴǰȡ֣ʯܼҼ״ͻȻһ𣬡ȫӹȻȫȥϴéӣǸҲ
ɫȻûϲŭ޳ãҶһɢʯһͻأضŷаӰɣ֪ڣԶᵽζˣ
ڰȴ¹һȻյһ˫ҰԵĳȣǰҪľ񹭡
Ϊʲ᲻ӣ
񹭻̧𣬼Ůյøϸһ򲻰¶ŮɱȴĹ⻪
ΪʲҪӣɱ𣿡ʯСͦñֱ˫ĿһǾȥĿֱ͸Ůɱַġ
񹭼ּ£Ӱﶨʯϼۣ漴Ԥ׵һתӴڻ˳ȥ
ӰҪȥĶȫǹٱСģ
˵֮ʱСūȻŲŲľ˫ţһ֣СƤɱǿӲһſˣ١١ãҿȻЧ .
ūСδػؿУŮͻȻֺƴƱ㴩أҰԵߵѹʯϵ۾Сӣ̱뱳һ㻹еĵķݶϣξռˣ
ңŮĳȽһԱŤػնȥٻӰţٱĻ
ˣūˣʧܣٷŹң¼Ҳ׸ݣԼСģ߾߰ɣ
Ĭһ롢롢롭
ʯɵվڴһӣһŷԼᱳһƬ䡣
Ǹ̫̬ˣŮ˸ӵı̬ղŲһ͵Դꡭգ⣡гڶʯԼдҪ죬ƻҶһȥһߴӻͳһŵͼϸ
ڣ˵ŮոŹͨȴͻȻɶͣ
λ
һŹɫƾ֮УһģӰ֦Ʈ컯ŮȻվ׼ȷλá
һ̧֣һָð漴һŮ
Ƕʦ
½˳һԾһ߷̾ϢΪɵŮµһ϶
ϷˮʥŮ۹ȻʸǰѵһܳΪϷĶˣǾ͸ˣ¡¡
̬ЦڶŮռȻһ̡ǴƬ춾ƾð
Ź֮ͨУǰᶼΧԽԽˮϣƮ½˳£Ҳͬʱɫ䣬òʧա
δòаͣ٣ڶʦֻ˵˷ܣƤǵָһ֮ɲǺƶ޷񣬾ˮҲʶǰĲ
˫Ϣ͸ȫѨٹرգ붾ײĵһɲǣǾͷ˾ľС
׽λỤֱ̊޵ɫžɫݣΣյɲǣһͻȻ˶ռ䣬ЦԷǡ
ȡȡģ˭ûйģҪտȥҰȻСûƨ۶ƨ۶ҲܷƨǸ
ৣ
˵Ŀⶼһתü˫ͫ˲Ŵ󣬾Ȼڶʦ磬þһǻþ
ʦŤӰӰڶʮֻצָʼ趯춾԰һת򣬼ӿͻȻðġ¡֡
СӰɲ֪ԼѾ˾½۔һ߶ͷǶҶñСܶ
һ߻ӶҶ䓁ˣ֣ԼˣԼˣС¸Ҷǧ֡
¸ȨȻ˶ʦټСҶȻִһ㶾ʦҲû˰취
Сӣǡѽ
ҽöʦ׷Ȼֹͬʱʧȥ֧ŵ׹أ̳һ䣬ֳһŵˡ
𡭡룡
µһɱִصͷѵѪȻͨһˤڵأҲûб۾
ʦˣ⡢⡢⡭𣡾ŹͨͻȻ˿µţˮϣ½˳Ҳľ




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ܣɵվŵѽ
ʯϿɲɵһקһŮûȿ񱼣½˳¿Ҳ뵽ǻһ죬ȻһСūط
Ǳһ̵֣ʯϴ˾Ȼӵñӻ죬ǿ첻ˮϡ
ϼһŭ𴵷˼Ҷñٶˮ˫Ŀһâٴαǣʯ޳ܼҶԡ
ʯͷСģ
½˳˽ƿ֮ķһʶҪһĿʯͷһϢȴԳ
ãˮ֮ʥŮŷӦԼѾж˵ʯϣԼҲֻ⣬Ǻãµξ½˳ϷֺŮ˷˫һգصȴ١
ǧһ֮ʣʯ֮䣬ʯϵٶûа仯ˮɱ
Ҳû˿飬һݺݴˡʯǽһͻȻӵðʯǽ

˾Ź̳䵯ö½˳ͬ𺳵СҶЦ
ؾȻʱŹ˲ת仯ˮʯϵָռ䡣
ɵ椣ҲѽСūпûа⣬ΪؾԤġ
ŹԿطת֣ʯȴŮͥŲ
ʯͷ֪λãѵõͼˣ
ǡǡţҴ·˷ѳģöѣûʲˡ
СūѵǫһΣɲ˵ŪͼֶΡ
ǳȥҪٵ
ش˶µĶԻԴʯϳᣬŮȤСūһֱͣҲ벻ףһ书ļҶɱպĶʦ
ʯһŮȻһɫûûεļһȴһҲصģܽⶾҩʲᶾܻ⡣
ҲڸǲסˮʥŮһ˿ߺ죬ݺݰ˻һһۣȻ֪ʲǡܽⶾҩ
˳ܽⶾҩ̫ˣһɫ˹أήٵɫһ¾࣬Сūĺһ̨ס
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ʯϷ·ŷµĴڣͻȻһתһ̵ģ
˳ǰţȻӦøⶾŮ׼Ǯѽ
ŮһΣһ֣е˲½˳Цõı飬²ʵСӣ㿪۰ɡ
ţȵĿŮ㱦Ҳֵʮƽɣûֽ𣬴ǷҲССҶֿ˻ȴһƬʹı顣
ʮ̫ˣҵֵǮֵֻһɣһ̸ڲͬŮ¶˱ɫԼҲ͡
û⣬ҲҪǧŰ
ѾˣСټӡ
һСҶһŮһҪۣһػǮȻʱֵ̣طˡ
һ̸ᣬʯϿ治˵ϣʮᾹȻһǧͳɽˣһƱεͷͬʱСūһӡǽһͨשʯ֮ϡ
Сһ
ϵɫʮŨܣЦȴǴĵ׷֮£ԸŮǸˣСʯͷ治Сūˣ
»ΣŹͻȻɶˮϼ˵˽ϼһڿնһǻСūϣһԡ
ͨһʯǽʱͻȻ߷ֿһʯˮ᷽Ȼ֣պײֹ֮ˮϲòԾ
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Ļ͸˲ǽڣʯȻΥȻֹͣ
ʯϱǼһ֮ǰ
ʯʯͷû°ɣ
½˳㷢ѱʲŵľҲܵᵹһֻʯΡȻŮ岻ѣ֣Сʯͷޱΰ
½˳С˼ΣСūӦ²ָǰһСҶͨһˤڵء
ԭʯѱŵõ赹ԭǸû书СƻСū
֮УƻҶĻȻڲںУǸͼϲ˵һԶͣˣûƷʱ֤ˮٴĵͻȻ¶һ˲ͽ˽ȥţʧŹٴμת
ˮٴαУȻ˲ǣһɫȴ˻ɢ
ǿʦČڻ
¿Ӣľиոճڣ˻δշԾŮ˵˫ѾΪ˰׹ǡ
ޱȹĶɲǳÿһռ䣬ʮᣬŨ̲Żɢ䣬ʦČﳹʧ֮䣬ߌ壬Ŀ
µһɱֹȻ鴫Ҳɱλ֣Ȼ㹻̬
֮⣬սͻȻ嵽˼ߣ˵һ
ϵţһԥ׷ʵʥŮ
뿴ʥŮȨȣС˲ƭ㣬쳷˰ɡݽӲʶ˹ͷǶʯϵļᶨģѪӾĻԡ
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СʯͷѾ뿪üˣͣһͣҽⶾ
µķԶѱɫȻǿ˹סʱڹŹǻҲ˲ñŮһ˿˲ҳĵصǽǡ
½˳Ҳɫ˶ˮ֮ʥŮɫ͸죬źѵ棬Լ˿ҩƻҶӵԽԶԽãκŮһ룬ѾԶȽⶾҲ١٣һţͻȻͣһԾһ§ס½˳
ʯͷ𡭡𡭡
ڻصʥŮѿʼƮɣʱȣΣķʯֶֻ̽룬ǿȵ£Ȼᡭ
㡭ڸ˳ˣҲ
һңţŮܵ㵽طͨڣжת⣬û෨ӡ
ŮҿڸŽⶾ㲻Ҫ͵Ӵ
ŭ⣬ˮ֮ʥŮæǿɬӹͷ͵£ʯϵġԪɽ涾ֻⷨӣ˼ҵġ
Ŷ
ʯ׽ʥŮеĲλһ˵đjѵȼ˼ڵđjһͦ˶漴ʥŮ졣
ʯһ룬һ߻ϷŮС㣬ǿǶԼģİɣǮһ͸ⶾ
޳ܣС
׹ԭԼȻһ׮ŭ֮£̳룬һᣬ˵ϡ
ˮʥŮۼý״æԾ˹ȥ鼱֮ʯϻһԾȻϡ˵˺üףֻ࣡һ˶뽿ۻŷ뿪ˮɫӨö˻ŮĿ⡣
С׼СҲū裬
ʯԭֻЦ䣬ûϵŪɳ׾ûϵǮŮԭԣȻ÷˶ԶĵֿԸСūһˣһ̯ܲεصţҲѽҡ
һλ˵棬·Ѹٹر˻أ˵Ŀ漴һѾ˲ԤУû뵽ʵԤ
Сģ඾ѬһѬ
ĶϡŹֵﶼİã˼ˣȴ²ǰգһæµᣬȵȫɢǰʱ
·վ֮УһδٵĿɻ̾ϢӦǴӰ뿪ˣ֣Ϊʲ᲻͵أ
ˮόƹǱӯӯվ𣬾ܻһȦԸɻλ϶ڶʦĶ֮£ʦᡭ
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˷׷˳⣬ΨİתӣΪᵽһϤζһֲӦóζ
̻ҹ¶ССū䣻һɲǣƷ鴩ٻӰգ׷¸ص֮С
ߣܳСӵǱȣʵƷӳСģ
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½˳ϸҧס񴽣ͻأػס˹̵кҪγˮȻϹң죬ң
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ԵĻŮײȴڶлصݣû뵽½˳ȻᷢĽһĺ
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ƮʥŮȫ׹˺쳾ֺɲǣѾµĴڣֻ֪ҡΣ׷͸ʴǵĿС
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ʥŮ񴽽˱Źͷǧֻ˴ʱȴ˽£ڴڵ

ʯϽס黳󶯣jΪһȻʧأĴֱסˮʥŮͷףһ߳䣬һʥŮг鶯 .

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ͨһۣٷɱ춿ʯϣСҶʱȻڵһ¶Сķɲһ㣬ŵԺ
СС㣬
ʯһŻظжӰڼⷢ㶣ƷѾ˵ߡ
ʯͷģټӰ׷ɱΪ㱨𣬺ߣӲԶģ




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Զĳ׷ȥʯϾȻ³һѪסҲ֣ޱС㣬졭һȥˮ죬ȻҾûˣ
ˮáã
һ˵Ӱʧһܻ˵棬˺Ժֱʯž֮УѧŮŷӦ׷ϵˣ
ãڰʯͷȻˣԺ󲻳ûʵƷˡ
죬ʣūѵشӾһ粨ų׵ķƽ˾
˭ҲûгɹҲ˵ʧܣһнһ۵ġƻҶ
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Իɢ԰ɣûǴ
ĸоġ䡱ʵЦŵʯͷū治ñ˶һ׻ѻЦΪڳ󣬾ȻҲ˵治ɫ١١ǵŪĺͥоôѽ
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ҳһţ޼Ҳа㵢飬¼˵ֻУүҲ뿪˾֮ǡ
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γ¸С뷿֮ڣɫǧСҶ׶ݣСūĿ룬١
ڿСӿȥĹؼɲǣһŤƷ鷴Ʈ˴齡

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ˮŮ߳˲ƹеȴһʱĨȥһŮɱѽڼݣҪԡ




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ܹܴת˲ͱ˿ӣ¶ûн壬ˮŮʧ̾Ϣ
ˮĵĳѾɿȴȻͣŪ壬һߡ顱һϧǿϧ޵ĸأţɴҽ㻻һĺãĺأ

ʯһ㵱赹ĿǿдˮŮŭͻķŲСȻһ鼱֮£뵽תŮעľüơ
£ūȻΪޣūŻһ죬ñ¸ɣūŵļһرı졪ݴ󷨣
١١ƻļҶó׵һУϣþͺá
Ȼ½Ů˷ӦһʹȨµˮŮʣȻӺݸߴ˲䲨ӿ͵ݷһԣԷ飬ͣ
ʯϸҪǧƪһɵػӦСͻȻֱ޾˰գµһŮ˺Ǳ̬˦һתСʯͷ㾹ޣʲôݴ󷨣Ҫûõι
ݡ£ūŶľǻɽһʰʳ££Ϩ𡭡²ţھͰūŴɣ
ʼҼҶÿһ䶼βƳһƬ֮⣬ȴס˶룺Ǹ̬Ů˲ţӾֻɱһˡ
챣ӣǧҪѽ
ĬͻȻ٣ˮŮʷʯϼӣ֪ΪʯϾȹƨһŮеĺɫЦʯͷֻһ㣬ôūţôɱأţȥ׼ɣҪ۽硣
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ʯƽؿͷ£һֱ˳鷿ż߳ԶСӻڷָס
Сӣ£бܹ㣬û¶ģ
ʱһתʯֱ˴үοСһķƵ߳˻ʹ
Сӿ˿Ķͷ˾һʧصƽָѸУǻūӿŲ׷ȥ
δֻܹصλڹĺլ֮ϣʯųĵ磬Ȼϸı
֮֮ȻѾ˻ʹҪľվȽŸǾҪˮŮʵĳţҪܳ裬ֻСݴ󷨣ܰŮʸ㶨˵¸
ȥܹܴ˳̰⣬ʲôûɣСһ´þδܹܺǻϲôܸĵ£̰˳˳ˮ
Ǹ˯Ǯĸоˬ١١
ƻūһ֣С˲ޱɰܣǾʱ١
ʯ϶ݷصľͣһһ߽˻ʹһһŮ޹ڹ⣬˼顣
£
Ůٶ˵ͰѶūѳһ˿ҡڴܹѾ֪ءŮ޹ߣŮ壻ū̹Ȼƾڲ˵ƣ˳ŮʵĴǰ

µĻڴϻصˮŮһ׳˶ūݺ۳ңū˱ĽֺʯϽ룬ˮҲûֹͣĴ㣬ѹեſūľ
͵۹ۿĻʼҼҶɴΪզ࣬ԹԣˮŮʾ͵Ů˱ūͻȻһӿѹˮŮѽղŻڽūһ´ȥŰʱϳȥ̴ʮ
ūĲҽԽԽʯ˲·𿴵Լҵδ
ֱūҲϳȥˣˮĲųʯһָʯͷ޹ţҲˡ
ʯϵĺŨ˼֣Ƿݵ֣ȴȵһνūչƻɫӰͻȻն֣ݾת˲ס
ͣӰֹͬһ˿ҵŮٳʯǰ
˴ܹܵľȣŮתŮʸһ񣬺̵ö׼꣬ѨɼꡰšߵŮȴޱƽ
£ҽڹȺ򣬺ܿܲԴƬ̡
ˡˣ
ͱŮˣʯϷ·ԼǿͷһÿһŮҽڿ½Ȼӿʼľ͡
ūڵȴпʼðǸʹǲһ̫ˣ㶨ŮʣܱסСͲˡ
һ󣬳ŮֻصŮǰһ仰ͽʯ˸ɢ
£ҽѾ˾⡭
飡
ʯϻδŮٵĻǰһѱŮʵĳ޳շǽ֮ϣ֪
ŮʻҪɱ֣Ůٵˣ£¹ٻδ˵꣬治ǶҩһִҩҽһʱҲܿ϶Ҫʱϸо
ҩûж
ˮŮһճޣɱūţûаǸ⣬ŶȻȥʯͷûУûĻڹУȽ˵
鹵ĴܹܻԲѣŮֱӾͰһͨ﷿û˹ˮ»ʳ˵һֵȻǲ




 ˹

ĥһĥ
޹֮ڣŮŮٲһţѪδȫǵ强ĦŢһƬ
ŮͨԵŮʺܿһ֦ͷߣһͷԼѨڣֲͷͬʱŮ壬ñ˻ҪҰ̼
ֱҹɫ٣ʹŸһ䣬ƻūҲһɲſ˫Ŀ
Ǿȥɵȫʯǳ˫ĿرСκè´ޱȵ괰
ǸΣҪˮֱ̬ˣţҲԣԹʵ۵ľûм
ˮ»ʹĽ䱸Ȼγ¸ɱȣһڣ岽һڣʯϻδӳɣͱһסˡ
ʲôˣͨȨȣĵһɲǾͼ겱֮ϣ
ʯϾţԼͲȨȣ̾ͻͷأ¾ҲȨȵӰӡ
үүūţģСȨȡ
ʯϾȻͳһȨȣʮϸ棬ȴûзԼȨѾˡ
ÿ˵·ƻҶɲǣȨȻصϣūȡıȻ˫ȥС͵˷˲ţҲ˷Ǯơ
ū֣ܵһؿ̽Լӵ˼£ɨ裬Ȼڻʹ֮ҵһͨ
ʱޣٲҵ飬Ÿȡˮ֮漣㲻ͣŽӽ
һžĹǰʱūһڴĩѲߵĽŲʶʼūæһèеڼžĹ
½ʧɲǣһӰת˳ȵͻȻ˽Ų˱˸ơ
Ǿʧˣֱ߳ķΧغһڴִӹŹػˡ
žĹڣСūͣزһûϢķ䣬һ룬ӭͿһĿɿڴӰߡ
澹ȻˣҲûз
ǵһӦʯһס˶ԷС죬ٵĳͬʱһŷۺɫ崲֮ϡ
ĴдصĲλķʯϷ·֮ϣûио˿ͷڣһŷԼѹסһʮ꣬һɰŮ
ཱུСԲźཱུӣС죬ʯϲ˫һҧȥޡһпɰŮɰ
ʯоȻͬʱֳìܵĸоһôȻȻ
һ˵ʵֻɲ֮䣬ꡰ䡱Ůʱת飬˫ü΢壬·Ŭ˼
ôġޡʯʶԼֱΪУ˫Ŀ͸ĵǸ⣬Сɿ㣬УҲǻˣĲǻˣ
˺ü䣬ȻŮһ˼ģɿ˴֣Ȼǲһˣ뿪塣
İغˣŮȻûд󺰴УֻʯҡҡͷգգۣȻ˳ʵ㡭ˣ
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ʯһ㶣漴Ժͦţһɲǣ֪Լ˶ôĴ
ѽˣˣ
һŴŮ漣Ŵ˺üʯϾħһ㡣
СУҲǻˣʯ϶䷢Σʶ˫ҡͬʱ֣ˡʲôСֵ
һڣСֵŮͻȻһɶߣСٴ漣Ŵ
ˣˡ˵
߰βһֱƮʯֻ۶ڱͻȻͬʱһ飬ӱһƷɶ
飡
ŴȻѣһӰԺһɲǣһӰƶ׷˳Ż׹ʯϾһǵصȭ .
ˡˣˣ
һǼʣǳɱ޾ľ֣Ů߾ֵػӶȭţߴšˡʡ
䣡
һ죬ǽڴʯֱ˷ûһ˵һ֪ŮͻȻɶ۾գһգȻͨһˤڵءƻһ㽩Ӳˤû˺
ȵͻȻعž漣Ӧ˶
һˮʯˮԽԽŨԽԽ࣬ת˲ͰʯŮȫ֣֪ȥ˶ãˮɢ·һ㣬ֻظǾֵĽֿʼˡ
ܹŮһռһ䣬Եǽꡣ
Сˣ㲻ҪֻǴһŮʶӲһ£ķҲϰԵؿʼ
ѽ㡭Ҳ
ŮļĿ־壬׵ʯһŮƺҪʧأͷ̷ŵøֱȱ˵ļҶñһ˰ա
ʹʱѰľʹľ֮󣬶ūƻıڻع顣͵͵Сع۲˶ħŮۣһȻʯĺ֣ףСƤҡ
һʯϹȫŶǽ֣ŮȻǽײֱ졣
ˣˡҪ
֢ԭǿ֢
׹ʯϲһ֣СĹâӳףȻмɷǰһ磬СƤҴӣǸӾǡˣʵˣ
ৣ
֮ʯϾȻһѵԼĿӣŴ˼ޣ˶Ĺͷ׼Ůҫ
ҪƤɣ˲Ҫ޵
޳ܵʽȻŮͫȻţһݶȻ󡪡һֻƱˡ
ʧˣʧұһλҪҺü
໣ء
ҽе󣬵ֶһŲε࣬ʯѲ֪Լжңֻ֪ȫûһĹ
ͨ֫彩ӲСһϢˤһȴûһأܴ˫ĿŲҲ̶õʯϣŮ˾Өᡣ
ʷɲݣһڶأһ紵һһŮֻ˹
㡭û¶ˣ
ŮǱܵһˣϸ˿ʯϵĺֺýţ漴ֵͷɨԼӣףҲû¶
겻ԷġŮĻᣬæ˿µĿռ䡣
ӰɣϿӣӳ˵Ļʹӵѽʲô񣬷һѱ̬Ů
飡
СҶͻȻŻصŮǰűɣˮŮʵĳ޺ն֣ҪѶūԴķѵϡĳ޻أȴΣյɲһ˫С֮С
ĸʣɱŮû£
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޴ľϲˮɱȫ±ӣѲƹ§˻У˫ŮͣȻûӲļ
ĸʣŮҲ֪ûУŮ롭ӽһҲ¡
˳űŮָķˮŮʵĿ䵽ʯͷϡ
ʯͷ㲻ڻ֣
ʯϵȻһ㣬˿ֳ̱סǧƻһʱҲ֪ôӦ
ˮŮξȻŭЦνһ֣ʯͷȻ޵Ĵ󸣽ӽͰƹ̶
̶ǲͯءӱְ
Ǹԭ̬ŮȻǸʲôвˡơ
ףһ֪ǸǮСŮˡ
޳ܵļһʹΪŮȡһţе½֪
Ȼ֮£԰֮УһһЦϵŮ׷ϴ
ܹܸͯĹÿ컹ҪܡˡǲͻȻġֲӿνҲûˮŮʲ׷͡
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ʯͷ㽲һЦɣĸ˵ˣ㽲Цر
㲻ңҾͽǡǡˣҽˡ
ʯ泯죬ڻ԰ݵϣ˹ദ·ֻصʱУ԰ʱȻ޾
һһЦţǰһǧమˣȴӦ
˵˸һʼ˵ͷƮųٶ۵ʺţʯͷʲôమ
⡭మ͡ǡʯ̿ˮѵؽ͵һһŮֵܿһ졢ɢɢ
ŶٶС룬¶գʯĪĻţŮԻ׷ʵһһŮһమŮ˻˿ɲأֻһŮ뼸ˣһ뼸Ůˣ㲻أ
ৣ
ʯϱĵ亹ʳСϪСѾͷȻˮŮʵŮмĸ̬Ǳʡ
ǡǡ˹һ˵öԣֻҪమͺãùܣ
ʯͷôģɴҲమɣ
СڻƣԴ󷢣ܹѾͨһˤڵأǧֻ꣬ɱҽŮԴͱסˣ
Ц˺һĻŻصЦУŮҪ밮һ𣬲û취һӣ˵ȻܴҼͷţҡͷͷˮȥ
ʲôѵģţͷһҡһ㣬Ȼӽˮв͵ˡ
ʼҼҶͷеΣе㻨˿һС̬ɸӺգȻǱ̬磬̬Ůˣǻô .
Ƕ书һȻˡȻ֫ͷţĶߣ˵˼䣬ֻţڰͷȻͷȻ˺С
ۣʯͷô˵˵
ʯȻһ֣СĹâһţΪıǲʹ׷ʣ˾ǲ˵ԭ򣬼ñֱţͣô
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Сʹҡʯϸ첲в׷ʣÿһΡôʯͻŤһ֣󣬳ٶСڷūɫĹ졣
ѽðʯͷЦ˼ǱʯͷҪӽéӡ
éӵʯͷȻӲСӨֱŮֻһʯ϶ѣƻҶҲϵһȻЦ
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ˣţΪˮʯͷ£ҲУ
»û˵أ֪УСҶѾС粢磬ͷͷ⻶ֵУ˶֮λ֮
ܲȻ׵淴ڣ˵Ҫţȵͷҡͷˮ˳ûò־ݣȻ֧׳ţߡ
΢٣˵ϵЦʵ£ô
СüСƺ˼û𰸡
ʯǡʱΧԼҲ̲סЦڶΣ˵һţʶβͻ۵ţæͷ˵ʶʶڶ䣬˻ԭţţţ׳ţ˿еĻѣβһգæҡͷţ
Цδ꣬СֵǰȻϷʵβͣôţˮ
ʯֺǺǵؽŵ˵˵䣬һ߼װһ߶ţ˵֪ô˰ɣţһԶˮСǲòһճɾ
ճɾţʯͷ벻㻹еĲѽˮŮʵӰӦ֣԰Ļһȫ˺߲ݡ
ʯϼæһ෭𣬿ȴǲͣǸ֪̬Ů͵˶ãҪɱͷɡ
˹˽ˮĻˮŮϵĳûʼҼҶͻȻһ֣ҵ
ŮŮһ󣬷ץסʯϵ죬ݺҶֱ޹
ţʯͷҪ㾿жٱ£ѽѾˮŮ֮ϣѾ׷ɣ޹ȫǳӰ
һŮٶž߽˳㲻˿ʯϿήС㣬֮ʱһȻ鴫ɫĳ˵Ǵˡ
Сڶūҧÿ֨죬ʼҼҶһСĵؽĨˮŮʱϣһ߰߶ǸЩ̬СƤЦɣһ죬Ҫȫſ
ۺ󣬡֮áɱ˻ʹˮСҶɫߵŮ֮䣬ȻˮǷ֭Ļȥָȴ˳ιһɨ
ָ޵ɨͥջ˴̼ѰŮˣػ죬ȣˮŮȴ֮ȻҲûвһ£νصʯͷҪʹ󷽷ˮ޾ƽǧ
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رʥּʹ˽٣ūȴ˿ƽӰӣֻñ̬Ůʷ飬ɲǼ򵥵Ĺ
˳ŻʼҼҶָɫȻŮڣȴûлŮ˶ʯϵۣһεŮʹȻǷǳǳ̬Ůˡ
ūĴűͦ˫飬ָסŮ飬һѹݽ̺֮С
ʼҶū͵һŮȻûʲôӦַһ䣬󵨵ΪŮ𱬵ݡ
ףе˼ֱͿĨʱˮŮʵһ仯
ʯϵô˹ָ̾Ů԰СѨදָѨУѰŮΪеġG㡣
ţ
ˮŮʵ˫ȾʯϵĴؼȼ䣬ŮGȻУŮʵΪĹЧ




 һҶ

ءһ㡭
ʯѾ˰˷G㣬ˮľȻ㣬һͦСŮʵӹͦСѨҧסūŵָʪָԽԽ
ѽ
ˮɲǱˮŮ˫һչưʯ§˻У§ûʼҼҶͷžֱ졣
߳ʧ֮ˮŮʹȻûʳԣѽʯܹܻظͽǧڿһ
ϷԣѸ͵һŮһ߹һδȥһֿ˿ʯܹ˵壬жɻ󣬸ŮʯϵĴ࣬СҶʶ촽յýأҲſһ˿϶
һƵӣʯܹܾȻȫ߳˻ʹͽǧԼһ߸ҵĻڿ㣡
ֿܹʼ⣬ΪԼȫȻ֪˫ĿӰ
£ūŶˮʥŮ빦һƳˮߡ
ˮŮŪųޣϧ̾ϧû缸¼СӣѾڵˮ֮ˣ˷ѽ
ѵȾǵӦ鱨ҪҪĩץ̿ʣƵѾԽŮ֮Ҳûкû֣֮·ΪĮ
ˮŮһɱŹһȴҡҡͷĹֲҪСūţңٹþˮ´䣬޻дã
ʯվڻʹһ֮⣬һһȻǻظúô˯һ
һ۶һϸƤСޱȵعʯϽ¡
Դʯ빬֮СӾ˴ڸܹܣʵһְֵϴع飬Ȼһһϴû˿仯
ʯһӲʲô겻˵۹ˮ֮ȴ˿СαĵطôҲ벻ףСôġ
һתһƶƾͻʯܹܼæǻҲ˽ȥ
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һС۵һ漴ѸٻظƽյǻϸΪʯϽ͵ϴǾרն׵ţϹҵ涾ʦľѣŮʱ¶Ӳ
ҲҲܲŵͻȻǰȥʯܹѸٻصܹܸ
ݺһʯܹܿνճھǺ÷ϣȻһ΢ūţǵͼˣŮرĶ裬һӾͳ˰ͽĶ󣬿νˮ»ʳһҶ
ϴҪ⾩һϯ֮أŮʣҪõϿɡ
СӲʯ϶ıãǻԶϴգʯϷȴѷȡС⡰Ρ£δܹվ˾ʦһɫĳǱǰ
ʮɸߵǽڣݶܲȸʯȻͯųǱ
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Сӣû·ɣ
ϴūſɲƭ㣬ǻʳߵʥءˮ
ǻūһ˵һ߶ſֲǱһݣ漴Խֻ˲ϴʵˮҵĹأǡǡİɣչǲ˵ģֻҪ󹦸ɣǺܿ뿪ˡ
ܹܸոɣǱԵƷСȴͻȻˣһϵ˵ϼһ̽ͷء顱Լʯܹһ˵ԭȺ򣬲ô
ڰ£òͷʼҼҶһǺƹһСš
һˮʯϵȫһƬҰֻѻͷɹ⡰ʥء
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ϼһ˫֮䣬ҪɢܵξͻƮһ⣬۵ôܹܲòȿ񱼣һֱı̬
Ǹǹ··£ҪṦⲻ۸
˺һܹڽһĴռҲһƬ谵ֻԼģӰľϢ
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һѲײĹά˴̫ŵ֣ʯܹܣȥɣסˣ

ʯ˫Żδվȣֱ˳ܹܴһͷˮӻ˻˾סĵطĴڣϲȴʼ̸
鱨γǳֵСӣϣָӣﶼ壬ֳ˴ܹܣҪҪ
ϼƤһ׷΢ʱأҲԺǻõȥγǣСӵһ
ౣ
ʯȻһص磬߶䣬һū̧ͷµġϽūסˣоȻֻһӵĴլשߣһ㸻լۡҲȲϡ
ϴϽھǾ磬լԺҲӪһ㡣СӹȻһְĵΣһΪܹܽ˵ǴƣһŵŮ
Ͻ˵Įȴʯϸƣű䲻㳲һһ佫ӲͰǵ˻ȥ
ϴ󣬱˭һġ
ʯԣ̵һЦݵСӣƵСӻڣǸѽ
ϴԩѽɶΪãȺү
ȵµһҶھʽ㣬ˮϽҲ˲ӡ󣬶СӵܸɸõеϿɡ
ʱһֹʮգʯڻʹܹܸ֮ѳϰߣϰܻΪȻ
СҶܵͷԽԽŮҲԽԽޣСūʱ룬ɴչŮʵĴֻһɫ֮껹ûɵǵȵز
֮⣬ʯСĹϵҲͻͽūҪСⱣɽٶ۵Ĳ˹ҲҪΨһ顣
ֵЦӴڹ⣬ҰŵһҶҲɢ˾½ÿһ䣬ÿһռ䡣
һƺڳСҶϲķչֱ
ҹɫ£ܹܸǴ˸˯ԷͻȻײһӯٻӰЮſ˽
ƻҶһӦͳ˻룬Ȼһ¿ҾͬʱѾرõľȻ书ıȴһһ׵ġ
µһ׼ǰūѰԼСĳ̶ȣֻȴ̿ͳ֣ͻط
ʯͷȥ˳
⺮âûг֣ٵĻȴͨһ̿;Ȼˤڵأû˶
ʶʯһ㶣Ժ֮ɲƷƣƬ֮һŷݣһ˫ϻ۵Ժ֮С
ô
ʼҼҶСĵشǽ̽ͷһԵŮ˹ȻǶľϼһŮ˵ĸס
飡
ʯϸոձ𽭺ɫֱײĵСһȳ˽ܵñܹЩ졣
СӣҽʯһסˣסһֵѪľϼյ֮䣬ڲϱѪòˣ
ҽϴҽɶ
Ǵ򣬿ȥõҽ
ʯϵĴߴޱȽСȴûƶ˼̽̽ľϼ̾Ϣϴ󣬾ҽҲȲеˮ´ϵıƣ඼Ѷᡣ
΢٣СѹĽϴˮ׷ɱ˾͵ǻʳշʶİ˰ɣȻµġ
֮䣬СԳ˳˵ļ⣬һʯȴɵɫͻȻһƬأСӣȳȥҰţûҲ׼ǵòҪй¶ȥš
С΢΢һ㶣״βشƽʱܲһ˾һۣ漴ҳϵ˳ȥ˷š
ڰ֮УľϼԽԽۿһҪ㣬ʯȴԸѸٰľϼƽڴϣȻסľϼ .
ӶͷðʱһˮڴӿӰӿľϼӡ
谵ĿռȻһģǷġʯϣƽĵʱȻƮɺ⣬ȻȻӿ׹䣬Сһ֮ϣۿԺһҲ˹ȥ
ûֻˮһ㵴Ĺ⻪һһŮصһֱ˺þúþá
ʱȻˮţ֪ȥ˶ã־ɫſ
ԭֻһΣˡ
ľϼգգۣԳһЦһҪףؿںƣѽ̴˿Ŀһ˵ĴԵ
ˣһˣԼôһˣ˻ǳ壬˵ĴھȻ˯
䡪
βдı˲䱻ŭգһǶ⽫žƣҲķơ
˰ΰѣ˵ŮȴϢһһѪӿľϼҧǿԽѹ˺䣬ʹҲȫѡ
ǺһѰ˼ܿµʯϰӹŹأȻӹ٣˵ȴһʱԸԭ
Сӣ
ǰľϼеɱȴûмټ֣Ϊ˳Ȼصһֱд
ḻĳһ񣬸еûСĸо԰ãСӲûгûԼԼʲôã
ķδأȻָ߸е֪֮һȱ󣬱úȡô
λĹϵΪ峿еļͦԲͷö˾ɫУȻֻ޵ĽӴŵʧɫ
־֮࣬ɿհһƬԺһȻʱ˰ӳǵһĻʯϵ˶ūϷӵһĻ֣ȻܴС仯
˺صԺȼĳΪһ壬ߵöҧĶš
˵һûܶ˯СˣǸѨĥ˺ü£ļµľϼһҲŵø߸͹
һڣһ߰߶ԼĶɣһҪ侲һ߼ѵָ̧ݺʯһ¡
ָײһУ˯ʯ۵ûһԺſ˫ĿȻǰһ֮˵ȴŵľϼͫ
˵Ȼǰ΢ͦԲͷʹʵʵš
ֱһɲǣľϼŷ岻֪ʱһƬŢ˵׿걥֮䣬⡢⡢⡭׸ù˭
˵̫ͦǹĻ̫ʪ
һ˵ʵֻգ֮䣬ͺֶԾһ㣬ľϼθҪ˦ѡ⡱ֵʯѡʽһ䣬ѹһ̧ȻȻأһԲͷصػ˻꣬ѨСС֮ϡ
ѽСӣ׼
ͻȻϮ㽫ľϼΪ룬˼£˦˵ſڽ̵κ
ô
ķСҶڱľϼѣľϼŭСҶȻȾܾĳ̶ľϼľľŮʲô
ʯ˫һգס˳ţһ겻ģһԻɵĿɨһŤľϼ
ҡ㡭
Ҳ뵽Լн죬ʯһıߣŭֿ֮࣬Цã־塢̡߾ŭЦ˼ͬʱӿ֣ѹľϼԲŤ
һڣȻʯͷѹҵ˿ˡ
Ŷ
ص˵ͷȻΪ˲˵ˣ֫ͬʱ׼ľϼȻ´
Ϣش们ŨŨľϼæһתһգǽǺֱð˸һ
ˮӦԼģҪ˳֪ˣôŮѽУ֪
֮ǰжֶ֣žûɣľϼ۵˸ʹһ䣬һɱͻȻķ
ֻܵһˡˣľϼȻ˵ָҲ̧𣬵ȴеǷʯء
òʯʱһ룬ľϼɱӿֵɲǣͻȻʹƺߡ
ۣ
һѪʯɫһ죬ֺȻ˻Ѫ˳ͬʱѹľϼϡ
޵Ѫɫ˿ռ䣬ľϼѪһͷһⲢĵطԣ徹Ȼͦޱȣôһö׼Ţ壬־ޱȺǿ̹ιǵľʹһ磬˵֮յԴһ
Ȼûв۵˶ȴһһֱӺ濾˺塣
ľϼŭȴûǰǿʢ
һεȷḻһʯϻԵݣȻͲµ˸࣬СһԪȣŵԪˣ˿ǿƿǴҵľȻ޸
͵֮ɣ
ƶͬģһ֮ľϼӶɣʶչƽɣɵø漴˫΢գʼϢˡ

Ƭ֮󣬽־ȻܽϢ֮˵Ҳǣǰ˫ȵĺ֣˳ľǲŮˣ
ʱʯϵȻľϼܵϢҲӦ⼫龰һ֪Ҳ˰ΰѵľ硣




ڰ ԡ

ȫɲǣԺһһѽɻʯͷ裬ڼԣ棬Ǽ١ģһģɱūСҶŭȻռ磬Ϊľϼ㱼еһ˫ɫԼաӣ˫ζ
ᣡľϼſ˫絶ƼһʯϵĴֹȻŪԲֱۡ
ľŮ𶯣ڸѪ
·˿ûп˲Ծĵطһ߲ëˮдϴһڽ͵Ҳֻ֪ҸϴˣľŮ㲻᲻˼ɣǡǡлңȡȣ
δˣʯؿҶļ򣬳͸¶ԪĴˡ
ľϼûȻٿԼѾ£ʯϵƽȻɸеһԼˣ涪
ʯʪëĲ˫ۣһëʼŮ˵زƶľϼ״һҧУһҪֹҲҪֹ
һʯϵĴҲһɲһ٣š桱˫ĿͻȻʧؽëˮ裬ѪѲľŮҪϴϴɣ͸Ūˮȥ
塭ԡ
ľϼʯϻʱСҶӰѾ߳Ұɫܾͷ˿ԼһѪգͻȻоӷԽԽŮ˰ʶı
˻ҪһӣϴϴɣȻᷢġ
ط䣬ʯϵˮԾߵ⣬ȻصľŮԡɣҸţ˽ġ
ķƮˣƵķɢ֮ϣּŬӯȴ²˴
ľϼԥһջܲԡջһҧǿΪƽʯͷһ£ҽԡͰ
ð
ӦŶ룬˫Ŀ̹ȻľϼӣȻȫ㣬ȴڲסǻԲ壬зΡ
ľŮͰҵһɣǡǡ
ʯһЦﻯľϼߺ죬һ˫ֱ֣ӰѾɫᱧ

ľϼӲʯϻɺϵ˫龹ȻţȻ˻Ǹо꼡Ļȣ˵ʯȻҲܸܵ˫¶ȣ͹
һб仯ɲ֮䣬еͻȻǿʯԭƽȵĽŲҲƽ

Ŀռ仯УͬʱסһһŮĺĬͻȻˣڳĬзӣ̶ʮ룬ľϼȴúĺǰ
Сӵָʼսˣܹιֲǡ
Ťӣѷ͵˫Ų磬ôһĥʹȡ
ʯͻȻСǰȥȻһѾͽľϼԡͰ֮УŻܣ⧲̱Ӳͣ³ת۾ͽ򥡣
֮Σְʯ˻æұסľϼǸ֮࣬Ȼ뿪
ľϼĿͰϣһҲӾƽ˼֣һߵöߣǸ߸״Բͷ״ҲԼɼ

Ժ׻㱼䣬˵Ļ档
ľŮҪҪȻƽѾʯԶȥ˵֮ʱĿ⼸ǶԼĽż⡣
ʯԽ˱ܼɣڵϢԽǹ룬ľϼֻǿװȻ˵ӶѾʪˣæҲã㲻˵ԼǴʲôñܼɵġ
áãҾ͡ϴϴˣľŮ⡭ϴ𣿡
ʯʵСϻ̳Ͽ֣Խ׳أԽСģԽŪڷ紵ԡͰˮҲǲƵ
˳ָķľϼһͷÿԼ븡ˮ˫飬ĶǶˮһݣεĺɫҲڲˣĴָ˺֣ɷˡ
ˮһӿɰ˫ˮ棬Ȼ޵ص˵ͷ
ˮһ֣˵Ĵ׷ˮУʪ漴ȥľϼʹ˳ؿԡͰڡ
ضĻضʱ䣬һĻ漣֣öɡɫޣȻСҶǰ߹ӻƾ΢ū긧Ū
ֲڵëΡϻľϼʯ֣ͣȴҲɣһȣŮ̺ţʹĴָСʺ֮۲ΡΡ
촽һһ͵͵ڳ˴ࡣ
ľŮŪ𣿶Բһ㡣ʯ̻ԭϴĶĸŪϴȥѪգ񴲵ڼǰϷ
ľĸô𣿡
ƺȻĸı䣬ľϼոƽķּӿʻͬʱ˵ͣһ֮ϣѹѹ˵롣
ϡʣʯͷ죬һ㣡
ľϼƣ˼ʯϿһȴ⣬ϼӿ˶ϴ˫ÿһ缡Եһ̧ʵ̧ˮ档
ľĸ㿴ϴɾ𣿡
ɫӾ磬һ۷塣
ľϼͻȻͰǽڴһײ죬лӦţȴ˼ԴѵǳСͰˣǣôôأôһ
ˮ΢ˮеɼн˫ȣɺ뱣ƽ֮ģһ뵽Ͱر죬ܻ

ʯһɣ˫ֳˮУľϼ̺ˣˮиȥ
ľϼӦˮı仯һнԼţֻūΪϴԡʽ⾵½ζȥˣҴߣӻԽԽȡ
֫븹ѪպܿϴˣָڶỮȻԴϷһȴˮ
ľĸһҸϴš
ʯϴ¶ױվǰϸϴľϼȣרҵѵصĵһҶΨиոո߹Ͱūʴ½
ǽʱգǴ˾ľϼҲҲһ£ʱȴǿĳŪͷһƫһתһֵˮС
ʯϷ·ûп˵ϴȸʱëһרҵСū漴һȣľϼٴκɡ
ţʯͷһ϶ҪϴǶУǿɾԲУ޵ĵܵս֮ʧٴ֡ˮʯϵĿ̽ΪصĲλһ̻ľϼźݣȴƶסһʯ
ռɲǷ·һԲ㣬صѹˮû˶˵飬ʱҲ˶ͣ٣ֻŮŨصĴϢ֤ʱյ㡣
񶼼ˮĴ֮ϣһ֡һ硭ˮ־߷ֿ
ȻֻǼ򵥽ӴıƽľϼĲĴ֣Ǻôȵ֮У˾Ȼ漣ӵһ˿Ƶˮ˷ӿ
飡
ҼɲǣĺľͻȻķѣľư׷ɣһâһɲǾĴ̿ͳˡ
ķ˲仯ΪɱȫҹɱֺշԾ˱ֱشԡͰеľϼ
ɱ죬ͻ֣ʯϵ۾䶼ӦΨһ
ɱ֣˽ջĹ켣
ʯͻȻ⵹ԡͰˮһɽأľϼȻǱˤˮ֮УҲҵӹɱһ
ľͰֳ룬ɱֵڰƮɵСˮӯһ㣬ԳԽ弫޵ķʽأ˽һ׷ľϼʺ
ⲻԴ˼ʱ̣СūȻһǰĺţŭźɱ֣һˣǾġʯͷ .
ʯɵ𣿽ƻūԶҲɵףɱ־ŹԼ޹ĳ㣬ԴУƴһ
ʯӢ޾壬ɱȴûиı佣Ƶ˼һһһѶ̽ѻģһ±ʯϵ۾Զ̽ײȥ .
ˮɽ֮УʱŵؼΣޱȵ˲䡣
ɱֵĽľϼʺ̽ĺâʯϵͫףһ˵Ůˣһǲ书ļҶһɱ֣ƺѱʵд̡

һ̵ƺһɲһʯ׹˵ذˮ֮У˻һηɽʱظȻ
һѪӡɱָȾռϷɱǰٱСģǱһǿİ˴䵽ǽǣ͸ɱϵشƴݶȥ
룡ʯͷҵİô
ɺһССѪӡ˶Ծȴû˿л⣬üֱ¶ĴҲ˾ .
ûжʧ룬䵽ز
⡭ǡǣľĸⲻ͸ҵ𣿡
СūɬЦʶµһôõĻҲ׼ľϼ
Ӵʲôˣ󵨣
⣬Ӷݵɱ־ȻСӣǻūһֲһֵָһڣͱɱһƴɣ鹵СײһɽϣɽʯҲ顣
ٴշɾɱɹܹܸĸǽһأͻȻеƷ飬ʶСӵֻһûԵɱ־Ȼ˲϶ֵĲҽ
̵ޱȴۣһӺɱ־ͱɫʬöֿһĻһᾪʦֳˣ
ܹܸڣȺº֣ʯ϶ӭ˳Ȼع˷ţ̿ѱҴܣǼǿѲߣСأ
ϴ
ʼܹܻδ䣬ĵĵѴһҳȺ
ϴ̫ܵһСˤһӣСŮһЦʯϻɵĿ⣬ȻŤߺĻȥȥǵĻȥȻǮȫһ롣
һҵʬɫʬʯ˺ôһԴеʶĸоһʱȴ벻
Сӵľ̾תʯϵ˼ϴ󣬿ƣˮıģ׷ǽŮ׷ˡ
΢΢һ٣Сֿ˿ʬɫ漴Լϸŵۣˮɱҩģ
ʯϴԸԼգ벻Ͳ룬һӣܹСӣʬ崦ⱸһݺҪȥݼһˮ´ϡ
ʯͷҪȥˮˮһֻҲܰ
бڴĽӣСūͻȻߴӰʶؿͫ׵Ľ㣬ڲмϸȻ˳⵽ˮķߣһĲڼ飡
ľĸڼ˭Ժٲ飬Ȼһ˳£ұһˡ
СūȻ˴ߣһΪľϼ˿һһЦٺ١ģҿбģɱҡ
ʲôȥ棿
Сһ˼˺ü룬ȥҡͷСУҼӣǻ᷸ʯͷǾڹɡ
ֻҪץסҵ֣뿪֮ڣǾͲ᷸ɺ
ʯΪ˴Ŀģ粻֮࣬ˮŮֻǳգɲ˷ʱ䣬ٶ۹ԥСūͻȻͨһ˵ϣūСҪû
ƻҶһССˮСһ׮ھ޳ܵļһһѱ飬һᣬԼ˵ʹߣˮ³ȻʮĴɡ
ѽҪΪūֹѽ
̫ˣʯͷߣȥߣСཱུСԲýмˮŮʵɱ
һСʹ˱ūƭ˻ʹܹ˳Ҳ˼ʮڸֱٶ۹˳ҲԼ
ŵĻʼҼҶܿͳ嵽Ʒ¥ǰָɭɭĳǱ־ȻʹĹضҪϣǡǻȥɣūҪ۹Ⱥϲ۸
ʯͷమģҲ˭㣬£
СʯϼȻֳٶ۵˳ʯͷĻ溦£Ǿͻȥɡ
ūһ㵱赹ķӦֻСŻУҲΪ˲жزۣūٲ£嵽Ʒǰŵ׾һߡ
󵨣˭ҷˮ
ɲǼ䣬ʮƤͨϾͷԽ֣ʯϼæһˣסСķ۵С֣Ȼ󡰴СԴڸǱ˸ֵĶ
ٴӹӿ˳Ӷסˮ³ǵĽ˫δһ仰Ѵذɳʯ
١١
ʼҶūֵ촽С䣬ѡ
ҰɣԽԽãһҪ̶ˮɲΣȺ˵
ˮ³ϳֵȻ࣬һȴռϷ磬һͷһÿСʯϡ
ƹ¶ǰˮ³ϾȻʶգϼһһԾɱ˵졣
ˮʣʱū׼ȷؿͻϮľһɲǣַ죺̫ˣֻҪˮ˵˲˹̬ŮưոݣʱԿɽŮ֮ȳ˳
ɱĵСǰŮȻҲӦΣյٽûжԵо˻ңֻгٶۣٶ۵֪㡣




ھ ʯͷһ

һɲǣСľʯ϶Уūķһ飬㱼Сǰͨһ仰ʯͷమģҲ˭㡣ֱ˿̣ʯϲεطԭԼĻǲǿԼ˻ǳɴµϣ
Сģ
겻ܿƵ˵˹ǰӲһƵͬʱ̧ܵһţûʽû׼ȫôغһš

һһСͬһɲ𣬶ūȻ۵ڷڣܿͻָˮ³ȴڵϴеñɱʯͷˣʯͷˣʯͷˣȻشˮ³ϣȻʽӮȴʵʵڡʱ⵹˼룬漣ࡣٶ۹ðһɳǿϢʯģִӽŵһӿʯһɲǱָ֣һƮݵ˶ֵ塣
ӻ书ͽСʯͷһţ¸¡
һųĶūЦڴ󿪣·ܰûһŲ˹ͳ֮У׼һڸΧˮ³ϣ«һš
ʯͷһšȷʵ߳ȥˣСȴΪٶ۶ûг֣ˮ³һ䣬ͰѶūϴ˵¡
䡢䡢䣡
ѪӳսһߴһߵǸԺҲɵˣܿɲǺöͯӶڲ
ס֣
ͻȻǱ⣬Բ֮ڣռúһ̶ڸǾӶҲ
ô㣿
Ӱ̫ھջɱʵСȴ˹ߵСū
˹жɰһͦūѱõѿڶϣãܹܸˣǾȻˮ³ǰɱߣĸڹУ͸һͰɡ
ʯʱҲѹѣһСҶצȿŵص̿ѱ£䲻ϣҿϵþˮˣıɱʼҹǴ治ŮԻҪ𡣡
ˮ´Ȼһ粻̫Ҳ֪ˮŮʵı̬ɰ޴Ҳֱ鹡
ƹжᣬҿĸôẦԼأ
΢ЦŽӹ˻ͷǰȵصĸѺþûˣǽȥģվСӡ
Сٶ۵Ժ֪λӦʶʯϣʯͷֿ˿ϣԥʱͷҲˡ
ǡǡʯܹܣһˣҲһɣһԺˣ񲻿ϧ

ʯͷһǸƨʥأȻ˳İȫвӣ汰ɣҲЧ
Է˺СȻҲ˺ҶūҧͷɭɭǱ
ڶūĬ£Сϴķ䣬ĿһΪɵĳƨģһЦݣѴܹܴһǽǰָһ㣬һصԲ֡
ʯܹ뿴Ƿѣ
Ȼİ۾յǽǰֻһۣһеαװڼĺлΪ̡
ض֣ٻӰطʯ°׵ס˫ȴڲסˮ֮ʥŮƮȻ½˳Ȼڵ¿飬һҲûбĸо
עʫ֮У·һҲ֪Ψµ΢ɲضһ
ʯһȣǰһˣʶҪں
ž
ǽȴʱϹرգһЦС˿еĵ⣬ǡǣʯܹܣģˮΣҲǵ½ģ
ˣǲġѽ
ƻҶȻֵ֪˼ҪˮʥŮвԼϼһﾹȻѰӵĵ͸⻹ôȥǸ
ʶʶһ档
Ӧ䣬ʯһǸ֪˭ڼ飬һЦ١١ϣܲūŽѻظдգϷģɱСĴ̿Ϳ϶޹أŮһ֪¡
СҶЦпʼ˷Ȼû˵ƣһƣ˹ĳþһתʼҼҶְһɡ
Ҳ֪ŮʶСޱ簮˽Ůʵƫִбʯֵܣһʣ½⼸ȾС߶Ϸ˴ãҪ԰ɣϷ㱣֤һᱣƽ
ʯЦúǲãҲơ̿ʵ̣û֤ҲճǼƣѾСҶԤڣԭĿֻ̽˵ûܾ½˳
ūɬЦӦ˼С߳ˮ
ϣѾ뿪ˡ
һԥˮҵĶϣСôʵСȻһūŻһ㿴¶ŮǷ񡭡治֪
ƽĻȴ룬϶˼֮У֮󣬴ȥ۲칬жСĽ䱸ܷ½㣻СūţȲˮ´䵽˵лᣬǾͰСūŷãҲ
ˮ´䣬ˮ´䣡
ʲôѾȥˮ˳Ҳã̫ˣ
ľϼ򼤶쳱תǰСūŷ·صĹ⻪УԽԽҲԽԽ̾ѡ
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ȻܵˮĴȻں˵šʯͷЦ
ĹΪδܹܵڴ˾½˰ӳǡ
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ŵڶιرգʷȻٴݣٻӰƮĸõӼڸյĻ֮ʥŮƽؽ͵ϽţŮ뾩μӴ˴䡣
һ죬㳵뾩ǵľ벻СĳƻҶľҲԽԽ
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ˮŮ˫Ŀƽ޲ʯϻ£ӷҵֺûаԥͨһعŮ޹ǰ˳ھ .
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һɾʯϵΣˮŮʵ٩ūһ׳һҩ裬ʯͷҽĴ裬޳൨ģشһ
治ɫĶʹͣвɰ͵֣һףû⣬ϧӰٶ֡
ʯͷصߣȥɡ
ͬĻȴͬ䣬ʼҼҶգգ޺񣬹ԹԽ
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Ū˼ǶūרˮһҺܿĨŮʷ㱳֮ϡ
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ͼֻͣһӣܿŮʼ֮УСҶشվȴɲתǧٸͷ˵ֱͷϷˣ
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ĶˣҪһܵſڣģܲģ
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ӨϸĵԲԲģһѽݺȻ۵һ˻ϹϹĶȥˣءء˼þãءҧ㣡
˵ʹ˵޾ͿޣȻǾСħŮʯϼҧʹ裬ȴһƬů
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ǺǡӨôСһˣŮᣬһԺʱ̣ʯϴʱֵùͷ֣˻ûء
˼·ϵվģǲĸҪͬУҲŲƭǿһ·أСħŮţʦ˵Ϊǹڻһ˵һߺ޺޵صĵľһۡ
˻رķʽؾ۵˷ܣĿٻӰ³
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ʯϿɲǰװϴͬзʹߣϢˮһȫˣǧҪɷūţϴ¹ʣūž뵱ū
ԩǿʯϵרƻҶȴͼӴףִ󾭹һ飬ĩֻûᣬίˣūΪ˻ص¼ңŮˡһһҹŵõر׼Ҫңūſɾ޼ҿɹˡ
ʯͷǲҪ㣬һذӳǾˡ
СħŮг˰ףһڣѧŮ̳סʯӣһᣬһʯͷҵģ˭ҲߣףɣȻŮҳߡ
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ʯͷʦҪһӲŻؾôСġӨذοʯϼ䣬ȻͻȻһ˷ܵĺ⣬һϸıӵþûˣϹ

Ĳҽд˽ĳСħŮ׷ýƻҶĴɱ¶Сİķ˷ڿзһūҲ޴ӡ
Դ޿κΣ΢ЦŽϽʹ˰Լ
Ҳûлԭʯڽûп֮ġ
ռؼʮĶĽУһ⣬ȻȫŮˣȵľ½뵵ȻȪͳÿĵط .




ʮ ɫ

һ죬ʯﵽһǽǣһʯͷԥ۾ȥɫĴ漴ʼ
ϧûŮǸ̫ǸȲϸףǸǿ
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һĵʻʯԺ
Ȼǿء
СҶ;Ȼֹһǰ˲䷢ڷΣ찡군
һֻȭͷɫū죬εǣӨŭؽѵɫǣߴң󻵵һץסΣʵ㵽ǽϴ˶ٶ
Ǽ׹ͷۻʯȴûˤڵϣˤȪ棬һȺŮ֮С
ףˣ
ʮŮ৵ΧΧԡŮһѳȥϣϽ°ӣԼӦò㷸ɣ

龰ԸģĽȴǿֲģѿ󣬷ҲצԭһȺŮɫôĿ¡
Ц֮У²Ƭ裬ʯϷŮȺɱʱһ˿ңСܵųһ㣬òǱ
ҹڴ٣СħŮϹԧΣҲ鰮֮жߵ;ȴĸƻͷţŮ̿ʼʮ겻սԽԽĿҲ˸һɶ
ūʱҲգĲӨţǾСҶڷνӽ·ˣ·˵ټԶöūֵĻŭţѣٺ٣ʯͷһ˧ѽ
ʯͷܹܶ磬ΪʲôҪһССļҶѽ
·һ߻ɵɨСҶһ߻ȥɫµס޹䣬ɫĶǶѾɼ
Ͼѹ˹ͶʯֿϤһĻѹѾõһͷ
ˣʹãȴ̫ΣգǡǡūŻϲһڰȷң˴ҿɱŮʺöˡ
ף벻㻹ȼأǧ˿ɶһ㣡ʯͷ׼𣿡
һū˵֮Уɫӿ˷ֿտյǰһ磬Ũصĺ·˷塣
˷ģūѱʾͣȵء
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̬ŪġūδʽĦѳ޵ȥһūĴļ֮ϣΪ޼ɵƷζžζ
Сū˷ʱ䣬һǱ·ڵ̿ʼתˮ֮ʥŮҲֵס˵·˵ȻҲƲݣ˵දᣬһƵӦָ
šʯͷһ㣬㿴ҵ˫ǲǸˣ
󣬺ô󣡷ˣūŷЧɣ١١
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ǿҵ͸Ϯ·ûоУǳһʶϰڳ˸еߡ
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ʯѱţ·ȴǲ֣½ϰ˷ĨɱΣݺݵһƵʯͷһ˾㲻ūƭӣá
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һ˲֮䣬ʯٲаͣ׼·ڵ˵
ˮ·ķһˮ漴忪˽յţԴһƬŢҲʪ˺ôһƬɱܵ·˵ɱȻһ١
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ǼǴ뻨ģԲͷδιιڣʯ֮£ֱһᣬ·˵αܵһ˫ϥʶԶ˴ߣøҰ
ҰıƸһʼ·˵ĻľͿˣ˰Һڣˮ֮ǹҲ䣬Ů˵ľҺ۵м齻㣬Ŀдﵽ۷塣
ĿнٴλӶˮ֮ǹѨת
˫һСʯϰѷӯ˱§ߣÿһһصĳ壬ÿһνһصҡ
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ޡҪʯͷңҡ
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ޣҺ㣬ɫǡҺ㡪
һΣ·˵ּֿ죬ҧгݣȴЦˣ֪Լɹˣ
µһȻ鴫·˿ȻεСҶȻ˿⣻ǧ˼Ӿع飬ףԾһ⣬СӾȻŪһҹ
·˿ɲԼ͵顱֮±˷˫ۣһһӿ֣˲ȫ

ߺӣһͷŷū̢ѨڣȻѾ˯ǻȻС߸߹ţô󣬺ó
·ǿŲĿ⣬̧Σͼ˦⣬̧һ룬ĶҡֶͻȻãһ
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ĳ˯Ļŭţȫǧë׶ڿܸ߸裬ġԡڸȫ϶ԼġȻ޵Сʵ޵У
һ˲װ˯§ס˫ȣ漴һ󿪴ϵĳ壬ͬʱǰһɱ·̴֮С
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ʯͷҪСıˡ֣ڡϽ
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ʯգգۣ漴һ߳ͣһĨһҩˮɽһ
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ƻҶȻҩˮ·˿һĨȻָֽ쵽˴ߡ
ָ΢΢ǰһͣ߹Ȼſ촽Ϊ˵Ķ˵ָ

һʯϵɲǶըей

ʲô米ûеͼôܣ
ˮŮͻȻһ֣סʯϵĲӣʯͷƭޣ
£
ʯԽʹƺ˵ľôһ䣬ƾݣϧŮʸūڵĻᡣ
һգܹܵĲת˲ճأǰһƬֱðƺ˾ѵ
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Σյɲǣڳ֣ƹһƬƲʣһɿ磬˻δһâѾ˳ޡ
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ƻҶСҧÿֱ죬ǸŮĳ̬ԭҲܵģٶŮʾͲЧ
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ڣֺһϼһȻˮϣСֺǺһڣñͷ۵СҶһԴը
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ءǣ´С㣬˵Լ¼ĸŮϵ˵˫صĿ⣬öūͨһ赹
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촽һūȻҧС




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СӣʲôԥģȻǾ˳ˣ춴ľϼ𣬼ĺǣˣü΢԰ƽһĨĶǵĳ졣
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ʯϲǰȥס˽ѩһ֣̲סһʮָڱѹԵİۡ
ķŻѾãĳһͻأ٣ʯȻֺܿ죬޵ķȻһ
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ˮʯˣһξȻûдϳٶ۵Ĳ˹ЦǺǵϲ㶡
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ʯϻδһС˶Ѿһ룬ӰԭزӨѰ⧲Ķū巭ڵء
ԼͶͱūȻϲ⣬ָոסСħŮϸӨȴݺݵؾס䡣
Сӣʵû黨ǲݣУΪʲô˵ǣ
䱻˾ʮȣȴЦúǲãʵţ˺öѽ١١ϹĹʹɣ
ԶūĽƻԸδʦСħŮСһ׮Ů壬һ󣬵ɽ˲˶ūϡ
ʯϺһȣСħŮȻǵһĿ꣬˵ȻǵأҲϣһ͵ѹŮСʧഺϡ

ڵȸӨС죬ȵĺ׷˲䣬ӨͻȻһƥҰСèƾūĴ壬
һ˶罺ᣬۿҪԧ£ˮ齻ڣϣͻȻײһԼƷƻ˺гɫ
ڸʲôѽʦãҹ˯Ȼ͵ˣߣҪʦѵ㡣
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ʷݣŮٴڴ⣬ִԺӴݶѲߵŮǿЦҡҡͷɸĹʯܵ壬֪ԼҪ¼ҹˡ
ءӦðСƤֿƣȻӷǱɣ˵ͼġΰˣҪ֧¶С㣬ȻܲףڵĽƻҶǲһڶ죬һԽʱġ׾ͰѿѧŮŪʵ
ȻǴ죬¶СߣūСħŮ䣬ƻҶϽĻַµһҳ
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ʵʯеԺһƶҡΣһţ벻Ϲľѽ١١
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ŮһӴøӽǴ˲ʮŴ󣬴뻨Բͷ̵Өѿڶ
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ĺݾҲˣˮ֮ǹѴСϵؽŮѨŪ÷һһˮʡ

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ƻҶͻȻɲ˿꣬ÿһβ붼ŪӹÿһγȻѴ룬ֻԲͷڻת

ĳݷеĴɫܿʯͷϵľӨˮɫܿʦõһݻƮ䡣
¶Сһ䣺ףˣԼҲʯͷ侫ʵ飬ΪʲôûзգΪʲôʦýеôƴ֣ʱ˿̣˾¶С㾹Ȼд˵ȡо񣬿ѧŮ˵ŹȻء .ϸеͻȻٶȣӨģתתȦŻͻȻسһ¡
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ŶѹղһԼСû죬УؼӦӣšѵȥôΪʲôôأɵɻʧµԲøרעϸ
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Сӣٸʣãѿˣ
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϶ʯϵĵ̴˼֣˿Է߷ƽգͬƽĂﲻһ˿С
СҶ̨ߣһߴ̿ˮһųĶһ̲סţ˿ȷŽˮһݣ¹࣬Ůӳ˻᳤֣ǡǡ
ûİˣֱʱ̧˵һ򥣬˿ʯϵһ࣬ȻŰɵ




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ܿ죬һͨ˿ͳˣȶ˵ϣʯϵָѾ˹ȥһ߳Իһͷ֮ӡ
ҲһС㣬ԽǧʳĻȻһ㣬ŹȻһ˿ƽĳ״ʯһۣǸеˣûѽ
ʯСͦñֱţ˳ھ㣬ҿɲͨˣ㣬ҿǡϽߵĵһˡ
ﲻϽʲôйϵʯһߴųһӼPһ߼󴵴ޣԽԽ㣬ɣϽҲĲ˺óԣţȥϽ
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ƽ˫Ŀ˲ˣЦЦؿ̻꣬˵˵Ͻô
ϽҲûɣϽ߰˳ߣ
Բ棬óУֻҪһ𣬵˰۱ŵƨ
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̲סЦ¿˿ϲ¼Ҷ漴һתСֵܣȻϽúãǲд衢д裬еǲϣҪ㳴һ˵ţԣ
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ʯִʵͻǽһ֣ѶʱȻô࣬νûԹ⣬ܼͷ鲻תѼ
㣬һ㲻˵ģ˻ͽ㼸УõѧϰԶ֣ɣ˵
վ̨ԣʼ˱Ľѧ֮ã˵䣬ܻһ䣬Ӳҷʡǰ̾㣬ľѽľ
ʵ֮һţžȻƴ˴Ū˳ǰţţ˫Ŀɸһƻɡ
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ڿ̸ϳ䲻ðһëѪԭԭʼѽ
ʯϲһ赹ȥԼִȴҰ˺Ǻǡ
㣬ô࣬㲻𣿡ʯ϶Բعʱſûжꡣ
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ڳŵɲǣʯͻȻˡþ֮Уһգͫ鲻ԽŴ˼֣ղôŮˣԡԣһǳԵ̫˼ʧôǴŮأһʱ˳˼֮УüΣɵɵػӦ
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ڳڻʯ̲ס˺ôһǸˣôҲ˵ˣҪ֪һzܡ
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ʯϾ˴˵ɱϽūҲڽһ˫ƽ͡۾СҶͲɰԷë
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ʯ϶һƬѰˮŮúֱܱ̬ʱŷԼ뷨̫档
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ķŭʯͷһռ䣬¶С˵}ӣźʱʱͣӿݺѹŶū顣
СҶľ֮ƺֱȼһƲ죬һǻԹοӰ㱼ڲݣߣܹˣٱвɱɣʮһú

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ĵضżƷ飬˷֮У̬Ůһץס˶ūʯͷ˵ɣ˵ĻҾ㡪
δ䣬¶С̲סʼŪġƹһʼ˾԰Σһʱպ󣬡侫ʵ顱춴γǰᵽ




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Ħÿأ¶СȴʱزѧŮޱȵרעţ仯
ʯϸеԼСڷȷͣһӿ˴ץţ飻
ָӴѧŮϢһֹۣСӣҶӰ챾СоҾͰпо
ʯϴпΣɲСС˿һȻһǿ֮УµһֱݶȻװ˷ڵϡ
ߣʯͷӾǰһԲͷֻ߾룬¶С㻹СҶһЦҧË
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ūӸжѪֱӿûôиĻɺǺڵѾ˵ļҶˣȥɣԺǲҪˣұүһһ˼ҵġ
Сͻھׯ˹ܲͷһƾͽȥȻֱϽɽׯš
ȴŻ£һذΧ˵ģֻʹ֮УԵڶһƳD
ءҪҪҲҪٵСҶˣҪٵΣյԵˣһҪܡ
СͱϽλɽׯϣûȫʧһȺ¼ҶԺǰǾһƳٸǰ
ڶɸѡʼˣʯϼǰüǿ׳ūϳʥأ˫Ŀɶ֣ǰٷ˵ע⡣
ףūҲѡˣ
ٷ˵ҡͷҪָˣһŮæٷˣСرϵģ㿴
ٷеԥʯͻȻ˫ϥأޣͰ͵١ٷˣūūżСĸأū֪֪ٷĳٷūŻؼҡ̽ĸһٸȻɫ΢䣬ףСūŻһТӡ
ūϣٸȻĴТرأСҶɲֿ˻Ϊ󹦸ʱٷ˺Ļ˻ʯ
ұ벻·Ըׯ˴¡Сͣ㰲ˣĸףȥʷдλַ˻ʷȸȥ¹Ǯİɣھֱ鲼£һܿӵġ
Ë΢ٷеΪͣСҶһȹǣ̨̤ף߽Ժ·
ءϷݹˣô죿СҶּͷһ˵ķʹ˶٣Ҫӳȥֻܵȵҹˡ
Сֵܣһٷ˿ϣԺǰ;ѽǷһѡ
ׯһһҽʯϷһСĵԺȥһֺ߲ͣСҶ
λ磬ūšܲūūɡ
ʯȻΪۺ켵ʣҪ˺һ·һ书Ļ˹ά⣬û˿Ծĵط
СֵܣǴˣеÿ㿴ǰķ䡣
ׯؽʯϷ˷һأͨһ˵ϡ
·һμʯүүǲ
Ǵ̽ǡǡ춼Լˡ
ʯһ»ȻһƬϲȴǲ˼㡣
Ǹ߲Ե׼Ҷ





弯 ɫ


һ λüҶ

ŸźҹڻСҶֵϢܿ촫˻ʹ
СӹȻūţ޻ΪˣԭԼ뵽˺üƲߣѽȥ̽Ժʯү£ߣһȺūҲ磡
ˣҶڡ
ҵ֯ļһͦţظʯүƣ˼ǻʯһӵһŮأӦñȱүȵɡ
ˣū
ƿһˡ˽ʯϻУŵʯүëֱȥȥˣ
̽ͷӹˣ˺ߵŮɱ˽ƻҶĴȣˣһλɽׯĵҴ˹ϵţǲǰһѽ
СҶ΢΢һ㶣ü׹ŮָǵٷˣһŻ֬Բݣɫס׷ʵӰ˵˵ٷˡλɽׯɣҽʾ֭뵽ⷨӻһûƻء
һ˵ˣӲˣǴɫ
ӰٵʯһۣһŪһ߸Ҫ£ҪԺԭƻλɽׯ£Ϊҵӡ
ô죿١١ӰôʪһʣһһͦȵľݺŮɱ壬žй߰ͳ塣
죬ٿһ㡭ѽ
ŮɱֹȻڲ֮ͬʱ˼ƽʱҪƱӿҰӭ˵Ľ촽ɵֻܽʹüҶֽӽٷˣֻҪȡΣȻҵֵĻ᣻
ˣӲ塭崩
ǧڶݣɽ֡
˵æ»ݣΨһСӰ£ʯλɽׯ죬ڡˡҡڵԺεѰߵĿܡ
һҶñһϮɫҶǱ׼ҶЬƽҶȺУȻԵá
ԺУ˫ȷСҶֹ䵽ɽׯԺδ߽ţͻȻһ쾪̾һƾͻĺ
վס˵㣬վסع
ʯһ뷢龹ȻôˡǸԩ·խα޳ܵС
СҶʵʵתֻ̧ͷֳĻҳСҶȫŲ٣ͱӦūūŲμ١١
˿ŵĳеĻȴԽԽأ붢Ӻֳ˵ļ˫ĿȻһ㣡̫
Ȼ˵ü򵥣СҶȴףСɱڣ
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ƻҶȸ״ҲͻȻ󵨼ϸһˣѽ⳯͢ϸ
߼޻йʯȴŵɫ֮ǰѸһܷӦδȫɱС
飡
СҶСΰʯײ飬˻δ湫ӵĵͷ֮ϣҶñһȫΣ˶ūͷƤϡ
Ǹƴ֮ʣʯҲܲ㻬С
ס֣
Ϣֻһ⻪Ŀ֣㱼䣬ʯϵ
ȱһ١ɵƫ
ʱ˲ظ֮ʣʯϳûеľ̾Ҳδƽ
죬ÿ죬ÿķɵˮٷ˾ȻôǵôС㣬ꡪȻ˲ò࣡
ӣڲɼѪΪͣׯͲ׷ˣԻᴦ
ٷ˻ȻˮƢȪǶĺȻһŵķɵһƱɱȴ
ɩɩСһʱ嶯ɩɩԭ£Сȥɢ
˵ͷջ㳲һεӣ㻹δ³ɻ飬ǽְɣ⽭
λɽׯͷϣôŭҲֻǱȥ湫ȻҧģһɣҪɫٸﲻݣ
СͣղŽоʱôˣ
ѣ뻢ڣʯ˲侪ûɢȴһƬٷˣūʵֻͣǰЩӱ˴ˣҿٷʴȣū˲˵ˣǺǡ
ϢСΣʵҲƬ̺󣬻żתΪҪ˵Ǽϸ
СҶͻȻһԥ˳ĬּѵػӦٷˣū⡭˾ӴģȻҪɱūţūҲˣȫٷ˽ɣԺҲװס
ƻҶޱȷ߿͵һ½˳ࡱȻļӹٷ󼸸ŮҲߡ
СͣȥϢ·һ㰲һʵְλΪ㡣
СҶϲϲȥˣһŮ̲ס벻Сˣ˵С˵Ļ𣿡
һҲͿ˳ۣԥʮа˾ģ룬Сһ书ҲûУȴ˵Ǽϸⲻ𣿡
СͲ书ǲʵûʣΨٷ˿˿ǱʯײʯʣһգԼĸŵϸ۲СһһʲôԾģһ㱨
ʲôѾܽԺˣۣˣū̫ˣ
ŮЦűסʯүΪһף׵СҶʣһƿɫŮӴҵ˴ˣǸ˵ݣӰûа취ʰС
Ůɱɫҡҡͷˣ书ֵֹһ㣬ֲܴݾߣɣūٰ㱨ɣˣ˵һûɫǣô
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ŵļЦþûСҶ˹·ʱλɽׯ½ĵ졪СҶ
СͣһԴһҿһʱٸ㰲ţ
Сɽʲ֮󣬴ٷԴƣε̾ϢҪ֪Ĳһλɽׯ֡
СҶʵʵվڶһʱ䣬˫ȷᣬûõҵ֤ӵūȻ˴ȣʱ󣬵ǰСɽʧСҶǰŮֱһʱ
ұ˲ʪ͸ʯϱģУһҪӣôɵվţӵȶˣ
СҶ黹ڰתͻȻһһӰ󲽶롣
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ٸŵĻڳ֣ɫ类αϣٻӰӭˡ
СҶĿҲ󵨵˹ȥһūɺǻɣʨӰµֳҲܳΪӢ֮һ֡ѡı׼ĶԪ١١
ٷ˫󣬸ɷֱ۵ȥʨȴһ̧ۺָԺһٵЦˣ㿴һѵĵӣôɣ˼Ҳ˵ݺ£
๫ѡȻǸеĸ֡
ǡ佱һӯӯһЦȻת˻⣬๫һңȥΪ׼ԡºȥݼ
һ֣ķ룬ЦҡͷˣˣæģҵȻԼȥףֵǺþûвˣҲֵǣߣУ
ʨ˴ȥٷȻһˮ䣬ɷıӰʶѼһ漴󣬰ӯ߲˰֮
ȥ˲һӣٸӰȻôׯ浾ʯȴƺᵽ˿ƵԹϢ
ССȥСҶֿʼۣᷢԥָٷˣūСʱѧʣܲūŰæѽ
Ҫæ
ǡԲ΢΢һ㶣ü伸Ƴ˿ЦȡȡЦСҶĲ¶оȻһ˿̾һСūŶ֪ΪԼǣǡ
һƬԼĵնܾĻżͻȻһңһҪʲСͣ㿴һĿдûУҲԡ
ʯϽӹʱٷٴΰĿ뾫Ͷ˰֮ϣת˲䣬ȰСҶ˾⡣
ʮ֮СҶˣٷˣҿˣˣĶԡ
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һΣû뿪СҶʮӣеٴܵ˳Сͣԭʵѽģ
ţһ򲻼ġѧš⣬һƬãȻɵɵӦٷˣūҲ֪ô£ֻһʱ;ʮС
һѰ˼ڸյֵٷ˾Сͣӽʷ£ٺΣ
ūŶлٷˣ
ƻҶвϲĵԱܿɶС˳½Ժֿ˹£ֱ֮õѽ
ߣǲһʱСҶе˷ܾͽΪ˱㣬ᵽ˵ǶôͣȻôʱ衣
ùٸֹׯԼ쳤Ҳ͵һ˿⡣
ڱ˿ٷǰ뿪ʱֱǿµ̷ͨһһͷʶ֮С
ɽׯ԰ڣһƬӭζòͻȻһٻӰȵûݳɷ羰
ٸűС㣬ͱҷˣ뿪ͥڣûаŮ緶һػӶ䣬ͺϳһ㡣
£δޣɢɢʲôͲҪʹСˣ㿴͸ʻ
ֱͦΣΪ˲书вĽ֮˺Ůҵֶζѡ
ౣ
һʻɫ䣬űܵø죬ÿŲûζౣ
£ʻˣʻ¼вϲʻˡҡͷʫ̧꣬ͷһŮ˸Ӱ١
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һŮδһڴĽŲһ߰һ䵹ùףһ˼ţԼֻɩӡ
ٻӰƿնȥŮֱ˹·ɩɩף˭ٷأ
˯СҶڰΰ֮䣬ʶڻشǻƣٷ˳ȥˡ
ûʲôлƣȴĺһէ֣ŮͻȻ˿磬һѽſڰϵԴ
㣡
ͬľгſУСҶŮͬһɲһģ˹һ㡣
ңҲǣʯ漴˫ҡںϸļʶסϴαؿڣתӡ
Сӣ㣬ɱп磬佣ȴ;Īض˶٣СҶһ˹ȥ
ڶӰɲǣ׷һĻδ޾ȻˡһǸɺ޵СҶһ
׻ʻڵϣϢȺҪ١ӰȻûв´Сеƨ£ʯϵȻе㿴շȡ
ڳСͬҪ̰ǮŮСҶ˲׹ԨǸ˭ң
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㾹ڱׯȻףߣײеδ򣬸Сׯȥ
ؿ类ʯɱ֣ϧλɽׯݼţһѾƿն
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ӰһԾԺţ»ϲޱȣЦݽӲǿѸ֡
磬ʲôʱģ
ƮߣϲõĻ;һ䣬Ů۸ңСҶɱڡ
𣡡ĽȻѣɲǼɢʨۻɡ
֣Сܽͣ
Ӣ֮ףȴ֪ĹԶԶǿСæ͵ᣬᣬСܿ⹷ū¿̫Ϊūһŭ֮²ųɱ֣ǡǡҲ֪µġ
һ˲ظ˴˵еҡǰֵ֣ôûȥУдһ£Σ
һᵽ䣬ѪͺȻ˫ĿŹ⣬ֹ֮Ժ
¿ɲôҪ֮ʱˮɩӼʱٷȸɷһЦݣȻׯӣ˵ᣬ㼸Ժ֣λɽׯδ棿
Цݷ̹ٷ˵ڸգæٴν͵ɩˣСǡ
ʲôǣô˿ţʲôɽƱģСҲ۸̫ĿˣСҶͻȻ˳СҡҡλΣָָָ㣬һֱ㵽ǰ
㡭ôָŭһ壬˲ͽ˸һɶ
ʲô㣬һ˲ţԭôǿиɣﲻһġ
ūѸٴ˶ԷĻרҵѿھһ̧һߣѽҿɱˡ
ӣλɽׯҪɱūҲͰˣӣδеʹɣ
ҡûкӿԴȴɳۿһ峤޷Զǿҵɱɳɹ
ʲôңλɽׯˣ˵֮λҲ˰ɣȻûģ




ڶ Ů

ūСĵض粻֮ȴû˿ͣ٣಻ϵعûа㻹֮С
ڳ޲ǴŴɳôоʽҲȤδС̲סһЦֲ֧
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ʢŭ֮£үƢǵأλɽׯ˵棬֣Ⱥһȫ򿪣ַɳ
絶âɵոջ뵶ģȭѸջкȻѣͻȻɫ䣬СӣСģ
ȳױɣǿһȭʹ˱˶ɱССҶ֮ɱʯ֮С
飡
СҶշףײ˼ɽײʯǽϣ˸ʵʵС
ɲ֮䣬Ҷֹ·Ϣ֮Уʶͷ˿ԼȭͷĿΡ
๫ⲻĴ
ƽķң漴ߵǰӣһ赶ɱˣ๫ҲԴλɽׯҰи㣡
ʵĻû˿ȴŭǿ󣬲Ʊ磬ٷѶȻѽӵԺվϢû˵һɲ׼Ժ
һ±ˡ˵ȡڣѱһȺɽׯ֡͡վ
˷ڣֲȴСռ䣬ŴϻԵСҶ
Сãʶ𣿱ɩˣѹֵҪѡׯ
ϷʵĿСҶ֮תתؼҲʲôūɣʱһ죬ģȻ˧Ҳȥ£ɩҲѽ
Ů쵽˶ĪһңȻеڳڽͣѿ״ڵУȫСŮ㺡
Ů˵ĻʨȴСҶ±ŮŨС̫ˣһƣȻûôȬѽţ
̹СҶı̬ԴĳԲɿЦã뿪˵࣬һȴߵȡ
£С˿ɱǿˣֻҪѵһأ֤һ֣Ǻǣ£͸統ɡ
ȻʧЦϵСӰȴһΪ˲ͽˡ

ľڳ˺ʯһ֫ޱȿ־ɱң

ׯĵһµЦҲûн࣬ŮȻҲЦȴʶȥһǱ˵СͷϣŮ_ɫøɩ
ŮϲȴСҶĵСʧѹСӲ书ԭôС˷һòϣϧѽϧ
һʧȥ˿£ظһԡСˡĿռ䣬֮ʣ˻˷š
Сӣô˵ɣ
ƻҶ鲻תѼ²֪ٵɱгǰСҶЦŮѽûȤ
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Ů˲â䣬֮䣬ֻСҶһת̰ǮŮ£Сӣ⣻˵ǲϸģΪС㲻֪Ѿˮ»ʳʲô߹ү˸߰С
뵱ӵĶſţǡǡǲлСġ
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֪СҶĽƱ磬ǵֵסջɱУСӣʱߵ˵˵
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Цڵϸ֣յŮߣջС㣬Ұĳ棬Ұȫ뿪ݣô׬ˣ
¹Ȼ⶯΢΢һƫе㻳ɵ׷ʵֲ书ôϳ棿
СҶΪѵ˫һ̯̾ҾͳԵװĵˣҪС㹻հɫͶԴ˵ѻҵĺӣǡǡǺð취ɣ
˷⣬Ҳֻ޳СҶóŮҲˣȽ˼£Ȼ˫Źãð취Ըֻ棬ǵ˵Сδޡ
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ʯϲŴ۾ͷƻҶһȣĿС㣬ҪҪҰ滳ϣ
ݶһը˴󶴣һεСҶವһ˳ȥʣǡ
ߣСӣռСˣУ˵ʫһƮݣƻһŮƶ׷áǡͣĲҽСҽУǲҽС
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СҶò׹̰ǮŮһأһתٷֵе˽ǰʼ˵ڶС
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СҶɫ΢䣬ǿ־壬һ߾Ӳ˼ػӦǡǣٷʵصµģūҲǮͨ˵ġ
һתȻת˶Ů˽ϣ˵СҶʱֹĽ飬֡
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лٷ˳ȫʯͷԸóһٷ˴
СҶ˫Ŀ漴֣ر֤ٷ˷ģʯͷػر֣ʵֻҪÿһۣԸӣ޺
ϢʣСҶ԰Ʋ˰˵ǡ飬ɲǣ߹ȻɷĴ㱼䣬ԶɷĺͻȻƣ
ʯͷͽˣʱ˴ȥµԷ
ųصĲȥˣƻҶʱһڴڲǰȫأҪĵȴȴߵĻᡣ
ΪСҶصʷֿ׼һżΪٷһ飬Ū˲̾
ʯͷϧ㲻书ȻׯΪ
СҶȡٷΣҪӦҪࣻÿ죬æʷ֮£߻ûæ꣬¾ͻһѽ˳ȥ
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ʯϲһЦȻӲţ͵ʯͷû˵ɣҼСǾʻġ
СҶһ٣һ̧Ϸжһֽõ壬Ȼŵ͵ǰС㣬ūŵСС⣬ܲء
Ů˿ûıףأԴмٻĺþòƽϢΪʲôһԼȫ¶ûԼʻΪʲôֻţΪʲô
С㣬汻ˣٺ١СҶԲ漴
ϴγ֮У²һ̷ڻһص书ͻͽҲһЩ˵ξСҶ֮ԭģεξԽԽýŮ̲ס߼ŭÿһСҶȭžͻᷢ
һһŮֵüɹٷȻʧЦĳСɫ࣬ҧƤҲ֪
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λɽׯĴŻ󿪣ɽ󡢵켸ͬʱ߳ԴԶĴĶ֣˴ȴǴ档
С׷Χ̫ߣһء
ɽׯǰԺ죬ׯ׷ӿȥ֣һøɣһСҶҲվȺ֮УؿŽĳǡ
ף벻СƤԭôܻӭǡǣŮϷš
һȺͥŲƮݴ£ʯ뵽˲ǰԼּۻ۵龰㵱Ц
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Ǹⲻɷԩ·խϴֻİӣͲ㱻ɱˣСƤԲǡ
ɷȻǽһŮСҶȴȤ࣬ĿһȺΧӢתŮһ˲ҿľɫӰ֮ϡ
ᣡ
ʯĿȻ֣ƽеӡɴͬ˶ֵֻܿĹ⻷СҶȴķ绪һ뵽мӣСҶ
뼸ֺѵӦεСҶĿ䵽ɲǣ۽ȻһתСҶƶеص˵ͷŻعȥ뼸Ȼ̸Ц
ǡǡ
ʯϼ˾ɫҲŮģȴǶ̬õģɲǼתĸол̫ˣڳŮˣ
һҹɫлظɫ£ǰ湫ߵƽŮǰ
ʦ֣ôҲ˼ţǲǱǺ꾫סˣ
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СҶһڣ뿪ڸū϶Էֻһֿͣʼ˳ƺӰϲĻ
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ΪڵǰٷģⲻòʧرСū֮ǰǶȥ
ӣߣ´ūŻû˵ءСҶ˫磬ζԴδֹһ͵ݵǰ
ʯͷڿ˰ɣһллˡ
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СҶ̼ӰׯٸҲţѵ÷¶ϸСҶӰʧٸͻȻɫһ
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һâ͸ʯϢһ𣬽âȻʯը飬Ȼܻ⽣ŭ
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ȴ׵Ľٷ˳ڽԣбﲨǵôѶԸҪҪѽ
ܳΪȻмʶҧҧǷ߿ǡȷʵ׵֣Ǹūţûлᣬߣūţ
ŶʲôūܰѽҪһεɷУѩĹâ

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СӣΣ߱С㡭ɷ鼱֮£ȫϷ˳ְѾƱҲһȥȫûзжһƺ˿




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һɴˮڴǰ棬дķһ·˴࣬ҹգĸ߳ɷյ˰ߣ漴صӴϣŮ̺ʹ˿ʼûоֹʱ

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١١С㣬С첻Ҫô󣬺ʧӴ
һֶŮһ顣
ʯϳЦĿɲֶֻŮС죬ڸ߳оεġС족ȶŮн˫ȣʳָһ֣ǿзֳˡΡ
С㣬ղˬˬҪҪūһΣ
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ܿ죬ϴο˲ֹһɽǧڴرġΰ塱ϷҪʧźɲǣūͻȻָ
ûгԹУɷعͷ裬ޱȡ
١١СƤѽҵĻҾ㡣
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ūĿѴԶŮĿǻе㲻⣬ָ˳ɷ߻аӵͳС㣬ūŸʲôѽūźͿСʾ
ʣ塭ȥ죡һһɷƾͻֻ֣ӹһ·ӣӶŮӹӿĹȣӿţȻ봺ˮһ
ӵҧ֣ǧצģ޺Ȼһչ׿һке죬СѨ
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˵ָȻ¹ߣȥȻǴ׳˶ɷһ̣˫Ƚǽϣ򷢳
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ʯץסŮ֫һǧ׺ݵĳ塣
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һһۿɷҪڱӦĿ˲䣬һɺʱְ֣Ů˼䡣

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ͻȻǮŮɲǼ֣ҡСУ㵽ǿޱȼҵҲҪһǧ
ūŮֿʼ˳֮ԺּۻۣޱȿģƳɽʱͬЦ

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ѩһɷŤĦ˵ֽ๫Ϊ˶һôѽǺûᣬֻҪƻλɽׯĹϵܴռϷ硣
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Ů˷˵һ½Ӳ壬ճһЦĻֻΪİɣūһΪ

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СҶС˷ţߵɽׯǰԺŲδվȣ̱ǰɽ˺˺ôһ
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У滹ۣūţ
ŮҲôǿңСҶ׼õвδڣײŢ졣
ǸǸŮˣȻǿҲܡϰߡ
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ķׯһȻĨɱ漴ƿ˯ܲʵĻѩ˯˴󴲵һߡ
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ѹ֮£ū˼תһ֣аЦ˴ǣһתȻɷ﷿ȥ
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ӰһһһαװŮɱһ漴ٶǱԺվٵƿɷķš
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һ׷ۿ׷ͷȻһһһԾ𣬺Ծ֮ϡ
Σƶײ໥е㱣£ɽ׷ڳԯϲȻΪ֮һ
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һâ˺գµһ䲻⣬ѱͷĸڵأʯ漴¸ҵǰһˣѵһ̴СҶȻ׼ȷԾͷϣذݺһն
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СҶɵһЦȼµĵͼֻ֪ҪԽջͨɽȣͿ뿪ɽˮĶ֡
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ұᣬȫᣬҽͣҴڲһı
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ҪʩѹʯүͻȻָұһֵˣˣ
СҶɫޱȿţıұұұһЦ˫ĺӳ֣ȫ㡣
Ըƻ֮ͽΨһİ취ǲŲǿɡ
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ױصסұƣɱСҶұָݣշԾ޻أƶԸµڶһȫԸ

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ͣɽҿԡ
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һ䣬¼ӿŲ˵ҹ·ԶԶͿɩɩƣӰഺ˿ɹܲʲôǰƿʱǿнɩɩɩɩϢһЩģǰ̣𣿡
΢üģ£Ҳȥˣһȥɡ




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СҶۣÿϢŮϢͻѸٽӽūֲòǰûܣɽҰһתһɽȪӭСҶǰȻֱ֣ˮ֮ȿ׷ٵΨһ취
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һɫ磬Ϸжһ޶ױ弱æֹãҪ嶯ĸڶݲçײϸɡ
룬Ĳʡ鲻Ըջ˻ͣһԾ֮С

Ůȥʮ̶֮ˮŲ˷תСҶŬϰδ̧ͷһ˫ýĳӳ
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СҶ¾ϲһׯ˻ǵļŮţãǡǡ

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Ե˳ԭΪжһ޶ġԵ衣
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죬ūץ׼˰ɭϵ£ոߵɽͻȻһɷתɽȥãǰɱӰܡ
ƾͻ֣ҶɣǰƬ֮䣬Ǹ˾վСҶǰ֮һŭýƻĹūţߣ㻹ӣ
ʯڷȥޱȣȵ׷ǧٱ飬һһգӰ룬ˣ߲ˣȵŮѾסԺ
һСҧÿ֨죬ʯϲŭǸСƤ̫ɶˣǾͱ¶֣ߣ
ԣǸýѵŮˣȥǡ
Ůһ۵ȻһĨ˿ʯϵıӰŮɱַ촽˲ѹ˳嵽ߵĻԾ˳ȥ
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Եרд͵᷿ڣŮֻ㿴˿䣬ȻѸٰ·Ŀ˴ˡ
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侫ˣ侫ˣūˮŮҲܼϢ٣޵ıϾȻˣһһ䴩˼㲼Ƭ˶ׯٷ˾˫֮С

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ҲǿƣҲŮĿڻһת˽еԶֿУסʯϲӣĿӵʯͷ㡭ϲ𣿡
аȤȻҰȣԶҲ𻨵ײһʣΨĹȻŮССҶͬʱķ󿪣黳ʡ
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§סŮĴΣ˫һ̣˲Ūˡʥƣڑj뼤㷢裬̺Ӷ׼һһ׵ףǰδеŮͬ߸裬ֱ˴ˡ
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һͷСҶ˥ͬʱЦһ粨ʹԳϵķʽһ䡣
СҶлλ˥ӣֹɷѩһ뵽ŮǰԼǵ˻ҪԼֵлСҶֵûԾ˷ܲѡ
ɷʯҲϷޣǿƽɳγ˶Ľٷˣȴ񷢻ţʶһǰỨѨǰʹǸоһҲĨ
˷ܣʯϼ򣬶ӵˣҾ˵ʯֵܲǳ㻹ţ
𽥻ظׯʶ磬סԼεʪۣ̿ˮѹ˿еζ޳һ๫ģһɽׯҾʯͷΪԺܹܣţʱˣ˴ͽǴɣȻ˵
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ʯϿĶŵǡһ˫ĿȻŵ棬СҶԺȴʱ⵹

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Сĸܹ밲
ʯܹܣգСС˼ɾ⡣
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ǡǡλŮˣ¾ܷԸʯͷһȫȫΪַ񣬾һȫµĽ
СҶֿʼƮƮȻһβײ̨ݽ
ᣬСҶԺС֮ϣһҡò⣬١١Ӵܹܹܵܣӻһܹܵš
Ƿգ׷֣һСҶķȻʧܣ˼ʵһ仯ٲߣʼԽ
СӣЦỵʲ⣿
ٻӰһ֣ĨȥʥαװһѾסɫǶ䣬Ůĸϻ˵㵽׶ɩɩЩʲ᣿
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СҶΪ˯Ů˿ˬ߳˹뷿ţδ߳μլӭ
ӴȦӣһ𱸵ʯֵܣղŴ÷԰ɣ
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ִ˵ϣʯεȴĵĻʯֵܣ֮ҪйԪ̰лŮߣУȥ
СҶյ˽һ㣬ûд־ļһ뷴˫ѱ𳶵ضһҽ֮ᣬһٿʯϰѲſʱɫ
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ҹһľζҲبŲ䣬ʯȴԽǽӽŵСԺǡסԷԽԽƢ
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ԴӻصλɽׯûжСҶйɫ˵ǰǰ㵥ദƮƮȻʯܹܹ춻вĸ̾
Լ˵֪ͼ飬ûģ
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ˮˣˮˣأСҶʼгתȦҫ̬ŮħųС档
ŮȷʵԸ񲻷ūҲ벻ף֪һ㣬ȥǲˣǼߣ¶
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Ӱε̾ϢŮټңרŴΣظ¶

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ƻ֮£ȻǾ½һŮˣб̬ˮ֮أȻųʮ㣬ݻҡ
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ˮһŪµūŮ澣һڻӦֻ࣬һǧԼ㹻ˣ
΢΢һ٣ˮ춽Ŀ輧תˣν⻹Ҫлṩܵ붫ݶ˼ʮ꣬ڲ֪ɽɽеѽ
Ů۽΢䣬ЦӦ·ģһжڼƻ֮Уһˣٲĸ󻼡
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楣ǾͺãǬ
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紵֮УʯһŮ飬һа˶ʦأ벻˷ܵӣ
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ɷҲСҶ̸˵˫Ŀɢ֫ţһƬŢֶŮĿУþûѹ
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ǡǡӿˣūֻɣܲĸлʯϾֻ۽ǹٰŮɨһ顣
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仰һģһĿУȻǰµĺࣻᡱѾ⿪ŮȻҲֳĽڣɫǵĿȻ絶ƽ
СҶǬɬһЦתҪܿŮɷǣϻӰһྐྵȻֵסȥ·
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൱ʯ˵棬һ־ס˽촽ְױжٷ䶼ȫ˵
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µԷаңаʮǽڣӻطĵٷ˵ӦѾȫңǹġȴ׷Ųǽ룬ڡ
ʯʵѾӵߣȻڵٷ˶ʻصѱ٣˯εȻ޴档
ҹעһ֮ҹѰ
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졢졣

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ӣٷĥпֱִٿĿѲŸһ䡣

ϵڴ죬ˮǧɽһϢʢʱ١
СɶУ֮ϣǰһٿʮգǰǸգǸɳ棬ղǰŰѡһվСҶµʢ֮ա
һᱲ˵֮λңɼֻΪǰգϣڱһ
ʯϿ˲죬͵͵뿪˹㳡ĵĽŲߵԺԺӵشΪִһӰȴ׷Ʈһ㣬ƬᣬƫƧ׷˵ǡıӰ
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СҶһھһ˴һҲᱻСҶε̾ͬʱĲһĨͷѵԼʯͷԵ
ɲ֮䣬ׯһæǿĨɱԺĻңһƬƽʯֵܣδ绹Уߣһȥ
鰡ɩɩڣͲˣǡǡ
𣬼ʯϣҲھԼСӵɫޱȻֶ֮һģ
ɩһУȥ;֮Ȼرž룬ֺǺǵʯ̸˵أһҲûа˼õǡɶԼС֮İ
߳ԺոտȣʯͻȻɫ䣬һתɱһߴеɱд̿ͣɩɩСģ
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رܻرȻû˿СҶһĻҲõǡĶӿ

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СҶһεƳԤϵأƺ͵ȥˡ
һӡһӡһʱʱⲻͣȥǡеԼƣ֮ʱСҶȻؿһ𣬴ӹŹط˻ȻԲѡ

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ׯ欣ԭŮջˣʯֻһȣѨȫûСҶδѨѼǧС֣˷˵һ⻷սսսʶʶڽʶ

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һ侲طһص½һۣԺж߲࣬Ҵɽ׽֮ˣһж͸һͻȻĹ졣
ĻδأͻȻվ˳һ̬ޱȱ湦ˣʲжʹɣҪɱָɣɽׯ
ɽǺ˼ĳ¹䣬ɽ¶ƺԤĳ޿ɲɵϣת˲Ͱһ뵽ϣŲһ̤ѹɽ
һʱһӣ˶һͷˮŪ˭ֻ֪жˣԼҲʱб͵ϮĿܡ
־߰ԺһƬ֪֮˭սԺӿ˽ʱ̣ԺͻȻַжҽУŮͬʱˤڵأ°ĭ״ǿ¡
ߣޣ㲻Ů˵ɽ˰ɣ
ϲ⣬̻һתˣޣļŮǳ͢Աνͣߣɽׯˮ»ʳᣬһڼץסѡ
СҶףһУĺøɲɢ
ѹɽƣѹƻĺ꾫ǧټưϷλֵʶӣ֪ԭ֣
Ǹʯϰһվ˳׼粻֮սպꡣ
һ֮ʱ½һЦȫ֮ϣһǶԿбŮʵıģλͬʯͷ½ĳͽܣǲΪ½ĳҲˮĹɣ
˼ѱǣĸֵλɽׯ´˼ƣȻҲ㵽˴˱䣬ЦӦ½Ȼ⣬֦οʯүҲ;½£½Ҳҿ϶ǲǳ͢ڼɣ
Ů˹Ȼƻģһʣȫ½ĴԸ˽ȥһһ룬治ҿ϶СҶƷ
½컹ڳ˵ǣѾɱ癣λţŮѵĶ뿴дʯͷǱ붫ݣɽׯˣߣޣһҰġ
ʥּ˴ᾹȻʯͷУ֣ȴöʵ۵ӡ£ףȻǱ̬Ůʵ
ǸðһˮǼ趨˴˼ƣԼ¶ǵնȻ;ԣϧδʶƱ̬Ķƣ˳͢æ
СҶȻһڼʺȷģΪʱʯעʱʮӰһѪȷԾ롣
ʯүׯȺȫɱͣ
ʮָ͢ոأ鼸Уϵǣˮ»ʳϡ
䣡
ʯֻһƬֱλɽׯѾһѾõĿ֮УԼŮմ˹⣬Ҫ鹣
ӲΣǽ֮£СҶһתӵ½ߣ׼ʦӵȥ

ĺ޻˲ֵͻȻðһȺˮ³ϣҲڷжͻȻޱȲҵĺеɱѽɱʼƥ򣡡
ԺͻȻһƴɣԺĵ⡢⣬гĲҽͬʱӿ˽ˣֳ״
Ŀһұһ׽λɽׯҲɱȻصɱǵء
訡
һȰ㽣âսĻһ֣ƥֱֻ׾ޡ
հСˣ
͵ĶϵնԵ˽͵ϮһһʼշײҲ޿ء
һ䣬ǿѹмɣ漴˵Ů˹ȻթǡȻǻɽׯׯȴǵλɽׯӵŦֻҪץס͵ס˶ֵߴ硣
κצзɳĳת˲ʧ֮С
ٷҲǻƿһϢƮɱָһָһɵͬӰΡ
ۣ
ɵкצȻ죬ڵצɲǣе˿ߣκצƻȻһգצüס˷ɵŮٴһ˿ߣɵ׹أצץ˵ǡ硣
ӲԶŲδŵѾס֣԰꣬дһأ룡һ
˵룬һ΢͵ѾֶҲŷ𣬽ݺ֮ʯݷɣ
һ˵׷ӣʵֻɲ֮䣬һʱҲʼλɽׯˡ
Ȼʮð̳ƣܵеù֣ʹϵõҲǲͣˡ
ҽСѪ֫꣬ʥ˱޳
Ҳ½书̫ߣҲ̫֮УȻһʱûУСҶȻֵˣ½Թۡ
λ֣ͬͣţ˺Ⱦ˼ǡ
½Ʈһһߣ̧һƣ׷ֿಫͬ飻λɽׯǸ£Ҳǿͣ˱½ǳĿ£ҵԺһ壬Ҳ뵽಻ϳĵط
½쵭ȻһЦ漴Ŀתطʱһİ˷Ծ룬һ֧ͻȻűġ
Ѫɽſеžʹ˺ԩȥθո׹أµӺܿͷ˲Ҿ硣
½죬㾹ɱţƴ
½Ҳս֮УСҶķһ鿴ŮӯԾ漴ʧڻ֮УʯвԤԽԽǿңʦһǧΧĴǬżΨаһƻشӽ뿪
һһɽһλɽׯʱǰڶԾƻ裬˿ȴӣƴ
γһƬƬ𻨣֮䣬һӰбɾһλɽׯ漴ѪȪӿĲˤڵء
ֵܣл
ɽϵöԷǽˣƽȻϵ˿̺ôҲͬһߣȭһ漴תһսȥ

ɽͻȻɶ˳ŴضĽ⣬ãȻͷһɱ˾ȻǸղŰĽ֡
һЦ齣Ȼ˴Уһֹʼʩ
ѽ
ҽͬһɲ𣬽֮ɹ̴˵øֵʺҲɽһϡ
СģЭˣ
ɽ뽣ͬʱڻƽ߷ֹʮѪѾ˿ռ䣬λɽׯ⣬֮Ҳǻˡ

ǡںצչ£ȹѱץ˺üŮʱ֣Ʈ佣裬ͬڿײ˲û𻨡
צһˣȻһĨ죬û뵽µĹ
ŮҲˣҲû뵽ԼܽסȫɱУɫһƮŮŭʱƮʥ࣬Ʋ̲Ʈ
ƻа֮ģ˫ͬʱһѺצ׼ȷض佣̶ײһһ佣Բ켣һңɲ֮䣬ɵͻȻ佣ﱩ
뵶ǡɩ֮Ҳ޷죬
һգľȴ˺ĻɽԾƻãһƬ½ǻǱɵ䡣
ɩӣƲǳɽ˵
ɩɩԼȴ貨ƮɣԺ˷ȥǡö£Ҳ֪Сȥ˭ٷ˾ȻʱĶһҿ嶯ֻһ漴ַ̧
λɽׯȻµڶ׳ʮð̳ĸһżգ强ܵжҲкŵɽ롣
ͿսİŰɻνɽȴΪ˴󼱣֪ɽʵһƣǾӽȫ֮ء
ɱٴصͬʱ׷ɽֻվѪв֪롣
׷ǲ׷ѿʼѣͿ֮Ҳ뱣ʵ۴ǺͿŰɶѻ֮ӡ
Ժ˷ʯϼٵƿ˷ţɤӴеӰƱϸӡ
ӣūţӿĶӣ
ȻصԺžʯͷǽ֮ϣ֣ɷһұĮᡣ
˶ϣСҶɴ⣬δü취ӷ湫ԼȡϼεĽѵһʹɱֻ֣Ҫ¹ūԴƾСҶƻҲ޼ƿʩ
ŮɱƱӷڷɳȻס˷ȣӰȴ棬絶նʯͷ˲СҶֻ߾롣
Σʱ̣ʯͻȻһߣ۔ȱӰƱһնϣһСҶһཱུСɽȥ
ūţԴʦã֣
ֵص˴ʦһۣ漴նٶ֮죬Գ˶Ĺƣת˲֮䣬ȻһұʯϵļҶñ




ھ ֵ

ۿСҶԴҪķѣСͻȻһУռݣɰŮ˲ˡɱ˻
㱼䣬ʯֿˮ±һĻһεСӷ񣬸겻£ѷů
֮УȭȷײǰһոմƫʯգһѹŲ͡
СصסʯϵΣղδȥСܵУ¶ɱĵɷһԾ
ʦ֣С˽ңȥɱūţ
ƽСҶʦ֮䣬ɷﰵ˾ֶŮԻᡰСҶС˹ȥɽʦ˲λλڳһʯϡ
ɱɰֵĻɱû书СҶȻǹעһҶһ֮
õɲǣʯһЦʤȯյһ벻κɣǸе˿־塣
˵Ӱﻹڼ֮⣬ɷȫסСֳҲûиʯϾڵʲ᣿
һнɷͻȻңʧײᱳ̫ⷢ죬̫ͻȻ⧲ȻײϢңʦƿһΣСķȭ˹
飡
Ȼ˳ֽɷСȭȻѸˣ޳СδվȣӰ͵һɨ˫
ɷﱻС֮ʱΥȻԭվȻ³һѪȴԶ׷Ůɱ֡
湫ӰȻһЦѸɲǣѹ˹ϢֻҪ˫أȻǹūŵ
һۣۡ
ͨһˣûܳΪףȴĿƣƺâըѪģ
١١СӶ㻹һ㡣
ʯҡµһ鲻⣬صλɽׯȻֻʮ죬ȱ˳ĵҩΪľʱ̡
ɷﱻСڵأƽŮ˷ĿɿڴŷһУˣȴûбʹֻ˿˿ˣ벻ʦ־ȻܣԹ־ֶŮļ䣬ؿ߹Ķħꡣ
ʯһŴ̤һӴֹŮɱִɷӰɱʣߣȵɽһ㡣
ʯͷ˭
˸ո߳õԺţӭ£Ů˲˵ɽʦãǳؿͻȻðİŮ
ʯз飬һɽȥһڷܵвƣǰʶġѣ£Ȳ˵ЩˣǰǴӮ𣿡
β
س̾һ漴ֿޱȿɰĲƣ׷ʵѣʲѣͨģرģӰ˵
ӰһڣȴգգۣʯϻδüԣСѴܵߣӼСҶֱϣ´̳Ӵ򷭣ŮѽҲʯͷѣġŮˣרһ˽ģ
˽
ٻӰȵô̳СҶ껹δãŮѾһŰߵϣǣɽ
ۣλ㣬һкƯѽܲܽң˼Ҳ
СգѽգȻգŭȫȵС첲Цѽҽ㣬û¾ͰѳСӵߣ
ðð
СƣཱུСԶ뷲ĻЦӰҲȾýŵ׷޲СҶһԡ
ɱʧɽ첿ִۼɽεɽȴ岻ȺǰƬһ֡
ǰ׷һ֣ת۾ʧҰ֮Уһᣬһתʮߌ׻Ⱥ۽¡
Ի󣬴Ұ
һԼȴزһȺĵĽ嵽ԵٽͿӰֻǶһ׺ۣȴ׷ײҽش
˲һƬţĿһתȺеŮС㣬˫һжԸֵİ취԰ɣ
һ໰İױȴԲǷ·û֮ʱѩŤ˹ȵλãǬүϣæɡ
Ů˻дӲڰ׽ʶȭͷ漴ԹϹ֣Ӳˮ֣һͻɢ綾Ҫٴֻ֣ܾɣ𡣡
£СɽǸ֪ϴξˡ
ʯڵش˴ԼģһתҪڵͤҪʮ죻£ϵû·ɣ١١
°˽ƻһһۣЦǵȻɵðԼͤܵɽׯļҾ졢תƵ˵ãѹʮҲ빥ơǿϧɽׯ
֮ͤڣޡԡ𣬻½ķ
ףǬúŵɱȥʵӦܰɽׯ
ԵͷŮͽܵĻȭʯϣ˵ǣ֣ˣֻа뽣ܣܱס֮λ
Զ˼漴Ŀת½죬һЦ⣬ֶһǧһ֣һżʱ
޻ڳ˼ǼףǧһǰܽɽϿȣͷżɱ仨ˮ
磬Ҫ嶯ʹã
СҶ˽˲񣬴ȻзԴܽɽˣˮҲˣҾó˻ʳ֮⣬һʹˮϹǾˮĺġ
ʯͷ˵죿ѵ˹ͣ
磬ңѲԭˡ
ʯΪ˱ѵ˼һ飬˫Ŀ˸Ψ֮ƣӦΪȳסһ֣̯Ӷ
֪䣬˵ĿȫСҶϣټĿռѻȸֻʯһ٩٩̸·ĵĻϲԲö˵ǡҲĿʣһͬĳСӡ
ʦ׻˵ߵ£Ǵ˰ܾǰ֮ϣŰɶ˶˵ĵֻҪһʱһãŸԻᷢ˼ɵ㣬ʱһأλɽׯؿ֣ǡΪ
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ӵĵʦͽԼͬƻ½Ҳ΢Ц޹֮˕`
һᇟһ裬ʯͷ˼Ȼ˵ϾССͣд˵Ŀ⣬Ϊʦĺο֪ˣϴξʹˡ
̾ϢȻصֱһ̣½вϿʯͷðСͽܣһ֣Ȼδʯϡ
ʦصͽһú̻塣ֱҲ״θӦ½Ĺػʦͽ֮ȻƻҶ˿̡һ˵Ǿĳ⡣
½̩ȻʯһȻת޵֣ʯͷ˵ûѲǰ֣Ͼñط֣ڼʹϧܾ֮λ춷ҵҲ޲ѰŰɳױ档
ɫչЦȻҲ˵Ҿͷˣĳӷ£ȥˣ
˿֮ܵʣӰʯͷ䣬ָɷˣѾͷ죿ɱǷţܿɲǺ¡
ʯϵȻ׸ߣͫһƽŮ̵Ŀ⣬һᣬСҶͻȻɿɷ󣬡ɷҲ¶ˮޣߵȥĸףˮԸ񷴸޳Ǳõ֡
㡭ķߣµȻɱû𣿡ɷﲢ֪λɽׯļƻɵɵʯһ䣬˵꣬ڵرսС졣
١١С֪ҡ
ʯɫЦŹסŮ°ͣö˴ʼЦһŴһӵ߰ɣٲߣ߲ˣһϢ˲ڰǣһԸĿɽ
ɷﾪ̵ıӰʧӰԻ۹⿴Ÿ鷺ĵʯϡ
СҶ۵׵ĵƲס§Ӱ֫Цӿɽ뽣ɱɷҲûʲôѾͷûͻȻһ˳ҵ˼ȥ
ˣǻ͸
СҶȻѶŮԵأһصӪɷΪԼʯݵĹϵȻΪҵһĽ͡
ףʦֱ͵ϮˣŮòײ˦׷ɱףð֣ҪСѽˣˮ»ʳԮأ
ͽֻܵգգۣԽİֲģŮʶ˿Ůȼʮֶ֣Աһ½һе˷ܷᡣ
ְѼĸе˽ǰٲˮĵĶ⴫ȥܱߵӿƺûɽĹؿʱó˵׼
ɽѸٻվɽ֮ƮеҧгݵˮģñڻңĴΣ
ΧɽһߣһָǧɽһߵʵףʲʱֶԸӻغѣͲˡ
λɽׯѳǿ֮ĩõԸʵ֣ɸЦ϶ܾ˵СүȱҪʾͽбթ
Ǹϱ͸Ǭ紫ѩ欵徶ֱɽȥ
һתȺ춲ƽһ󣬳̳ķͤƽһ̣ɱȻֹյɽý⸸ɫࡣ
޸ӾȻ½Ҳᵱͷڹ꣬˭Ҳû뵽ֵĲԻΥԡ
ȽҸӻعµǸŭɶȻǽʱˣһ߹֮µɡ
Ҫ׷һתԽƻһҲãûΪ֮λˣˣѴ˴Ϊɽׯ
Ҳɵϣһת۶Ҳ˸뱣ʵ˼һ뵽Լ֮ӣδֵһˣܴ˼Ҳ˷лΪ̡
δɢλɽׯң񱼵Ķڲ·ͣ
֣Ǿʹ𡣡
֣ǣҪҪܿڣλɽׯԪδ𡣡
½·һͣᣬеȻƻҶ
һ˼漴һ½У֣ϷõһűͼˮĴžǳֲҰѻƸɣ
˵˻½ٲƴǣλȭһ漴·ֵȥ
ʯͷҪʵţҺܿͻġ¼ζ벦תͷκŮ˻֪Ϊأʱ̣ҲḸֳȥ
ʯֿŮУ漴ְĿ˳Ĭĵǡ£ɩɩ·Сģһ̽ǵġ
ׯһ˫ʶ鴤һ£ΪǰСܶȥٸ۳ʮɣһƵҲƮʯ϶УóСĻŭš
ʯֵܣҲأٻᡣ
ǧ˵Ȼƹɽţʯϻڲ·ڲͣӰ׽ᴥrˣٲˣ㲻뿪ɣ
᲻ң
ʦȵң
СҶһ漴׿񱼣۵糸䣬ԺѸֳˮ֮ʥŮʥݣԼĸ׵ķٻӰɫ
һִᣬݽ췭ظλɽׯܣ뵶óΪһգɽи·ۣµϧλɽׯв硣
Ͼñط֣־ñغϣټֹȾʹ£
ڽ·ˣȺɽԹιһ죬ѿʮ졢Ϊӵʯȴſֱ
С֦Ҷ֮Ҳʯǿ࣬Ůʯϣһ߸ıһߵĵʵʯͷ㲻ɣ
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½ѽ޶ǳ˼ĺ롣
ɽҰͻȻɳǰֻмӣѱ̳֣ʯϲ֪ðٵˣֻ֪Ұ֮ȫǻʳӰӡ
˴˿һĿյϣǰǱȥһŹϿȣɽ壬Ȼһѵ֮ء
ǸΧˣԭ̬Ůıؾ֮壬ѹûλɽׯ֡
ɱǵأʯŵԭشתæңԵ˵ǿ
½ĴָͷϣܾĿػظ򶨣һӰأǿѸٴ˿ռÿһ䡣
䣡
زΧżʮٴתʵػ谵ޱȣɱŭİ
Χ˵ķӦǴаյԭ·ͻΧ½ȴɳб۾һǧھħһ㣬Ҳͳһľ
˵ڷתȦһСҶطϣѧʦģ




ʮ ĸŮ

ಡ
һƿ֮ͻȻʯʶǿСҶУһֻ޳ƻ֣֮Ȼץס˼СҶͶء
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˷ܣͻȻһƬշ֮ᣬɰǧա
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ƿֲļԭֻΪڻ죻գ½ǰɳȻһķ˺ѵĿռŤһڶ½
죬磻ͣ죻رɫʯʶ뵽һˡˮģ⣻վˮ
һɲǣͻȻظ
ʯϵ۾ѿ仯ΨʱֻʦһתļͷײȻϢţ飬һɲǣɳһΪϷɳȻʣ°벿ɳǰء
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꣡
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ʦˮļûдȻԸ񲻻ˣС
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ŮӰڹȵףͬһɲǣƻõӰƹȰٶȡ
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ħֱӴ½Ͻɹˮĵĳ޴͸½ѣһʼҲû㣬ֻǼ򵥵˳

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źʱᣬԷʱ䣬ǷҲûƽϢ
ԺһɫƵƮȻ룬һ˳͵ĸоܲɸʶʦ




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ɩӣңҲǲѡʯ̾Ϣߵ˵ߣַסŮ˫磬СұڰʹҲסһβûо




ڶ ջʦ

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ӦأŮſƮ̴㣻СɫǴ󹦸ɣһһҡ˹ȥŮĲλݺһѣȼƬ̣õ߷ߣѪűŮȥ
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ԽԽأڷżײɲǣʯһȻشţףʦͽͽղϢ
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֮ϣŮһţС޹ǵʯָŤܿͱ˷ۺɫ
ཱུǰζֻмǳǳݵź֣ʯ˲ͱδȫĴѨ
СһĻһҲİλɽׯʱһſȣӵذʯϵָǣ֮䡣
ţʯͷŪɣ㲻ڣ˼ԼҲŪôŪҲûŪ
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˵ڷصСҲΪ֪֮ʯͷǿʽˣλɽׯʱֻҪʯͷʹһУܻСУֵԡ
˺ԥ̶ֱһ¾׼ȷŮ۵Ļȵ΢΢һ٣漴ű»
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ʯϴҺϷ˲ﵽ˸߳ȴûǰ̽
ʮ롢ʮ롭ʯϵĴһֱû뿪ŮԴÿˮ֮ʱͻС֪ԭŮ˵ĸ߳һ˸߹һˡ




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Сհ׵Ժ𽥱һƬ磬ӻţϸ𽥱ñ󣬴Ѩڴһբš
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ʯϾƴĸ֣СԴޱϸСۣŮҪ񻡱֣ĥһӣԲͷתŷֿ˹š
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Ǹԭ仹ˮ֮ĿǣƫƫӻͶǵ鹡
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ͬһʱ̣ӨС캬סʯϵĴ裬򶯵ͬʱֵ׶졣
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ĸŮԼͬŤһ̣ɫռըޣ˴䣬ѸûһŮ
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ʯϴӲݺݲԾķ϶֮УĦŮ飬ѹĸ׵ΣһԾĸŮתлź

⣬˾ĴȫסС죬վԭشľ
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ŮɱֿһЦָһƬӰǻȰЩ̧ͷɣȻҪǴȥܶ˵ģ
ӨȻûʲôǸҲŵĿ£ò޺޵صҲһۣ漴С죬Ӱĸ澰һγǹԱ̧˳ȥŮĬԼͬѡȰйԱŪȥ
ڿ񻶣ԼȴҪ鷳СħŮŭƽϢο˵źڶӨ֮ʱһɿ̨˹
հйԱ̧ӰŮδ߻شСħŮľУһɲǣ˺
Ů뵽࣬ڲͬŮɱӿٶȣĸȴԭشתȴӷ֣ȥȴ߾ѡ

ִ˳ХһأʧŮӰҲ˽ȥһغ£
ӨĽ䣬ӰЦ澵ɬ˷ȻŮֻ֮ͬײƺĻ˽⣬ɫռͻȻ˳š
һӡӡͻȻ˼ٵ˺ոƣ¹̲ס棬Ӵ˽
ԣʯͷŪ
Өĵƻĵ¹⽻ӳӳһƬ˵ĹΣֻĶūȻγŮ٣ѹӨС
ˣͦƯģţǸҲūҰѹٷ
ӰﲻԼ̰桱һصض̱ڵصĸ澵ҲæѽϲæŮˣ谮ң
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һʱȹ׷ɣ磬һһŮٳɫǰһһѨ˫Ǵ󵽼ޡ
һȺŮȻ㲻Ͼɫ޲мݣźɵĴƬɫǱ˾գСҶһ˹ǵⴲ




ʮ ݼҶ

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ڴվñֱƽϵСԲѾʮˣŮΪλӼӣǲԸӦҼүףŮʿݣ
ǵǫѾʧŮʾò¶棬ԽԽͱˡ
̽ӹͷŰ˵öԣݶԳ͢ľŮԴ£粻СѱͬΡ
󵨣Ǵ֮Уûй˵ӣӻȨ𣿡Ƶŭڱסᣬһƽģвͻε
һ˵ɲɫ䣬СүˮĵĽǱҲΪĵطһҲҪ
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ƵɱͷǵҲһ룬СүȲҲݵͷһʱԭأرš
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ƹ߻ڹһԼ䣬һɢϾƵ佫ô죿ǬӹвݣǻҲ췴
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Ǹӵƭһѣϣֵ١١
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ʯϺһŮ׷ΧҲǴ˵֣ʯ϶һӺеЦʧҶü֪һ
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ʯϴߴ٣ӨѹŲо֣ÿһֶƮң·˶ӦķҲһһ˵˳
ʱ·˵ͣͣзɿȹȻشԣϡסĳСӣһӺ̶ƣε̾Ϣˣ
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һ֣ʯүڡԸҶһϲʵƣֵĴ£߽Լġ¼ҡ
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ݣ˷ڣʯϸո̤ԼѣһһҰӰѴŷз롣
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ƻҶһ֣С˲⣬һ˭棬ڹҲЦѣٺ١
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ͬһ˷ܣһڅ´ƺСסͷ֮ޣף˵ǹūѾĹܼңλһߣҪǧУƤǡ
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⽣̫ûˣȫǷǲܴµãô죿
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ָ£Ҳ׷ɳּ˾򱦴һ·֮ϣƣƳ죬ΨһСҶֱţôۣ

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ʯּŮڰ׽ȻǸ˵ȴܵһƬˣ顱İױҲӶ
ʯıӻҡŮǰһ޳ܵ΢ЦŮѽ١١ôòŮԽԽƯˣ֪õʲô֬ѽ
ҲŲЩأ
ױ岻صСҶһۣԸ롰ӹ֬׷ۣۡͬ;ŮæסԼıѿھеҴӦò㽲Զһ㣬ڡ
ˣŮҲˣ١١ɫô󣬿϶֬Բԣ
Ůŵס촽ԭزͣתֲиΧŮϲҪðױָԭΡ
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㳵ͣʯߣСҶһ޼ɵ֮ڡ
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СҶбɨһ¿Ůûȥݺݽȥݺݲ˸߹塣

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£ԭֻѰʯ˻ľ½˵ʮʯСһڲ书СҶ˵ȴɱС

ʯꡱʯϺӻضм䣬ȴŵ˫ȴľֻʯӰХ
ʯ׷ڹٵϣַŵ£̳ɳ׷ɣ˵ĳЦȻֹһĿɿڴؿŻԭصСҶ
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ȭġʯСҶѺշԾǰССʯ鰤ȫһȻǷǣҲǺ֮ĹڼУྡྷСҶΡ
һɲǣҾ緢ˣʯȻûˣֻǺȴͻȻеֱ׹

ҽУʯϺǰ׹ԨֻһҶñ±ί
࣬㣡
ɧȻɫʶ벽˻һתʧǵС㣬Ϊβʯܼң
ѾˣʯټԼվȡ
ױַר಻ϵؽһѣóĽʯϴЬƷʲãȫЬꡣ
Ů˵ЬĹ⣬Сүܲˣνػֵһūţ˰ɣ׼·
˿׵ľ£漴߻ǰױϵӣ½ԸѰʯܼҵ壬ᣬԱӶĺ⡣
ױһСүά⣬طУӷģܹӡ
ţ֮ǰǱá
Сүһͦţ㱼Ϊһ
ԨͻȻײ÷ʯҲԼĶ뾪УȴֻܿŤĴ
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ױ˵Ķ̵ݺһһѪ̱ʯʹУһɫĻӰѴӺＲʯ˿֮С
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ѿڶСҶʶգգۣþûʧױ޳ԲȾͷ΢΢¡ķ֮䣬һƬ׵ķڴ裬ӳŮ۵ϸ졣
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ױȱ˽¶ڶūǰۣÆŮġ
ڹǸ߾޽ɲǣɵСҶͻȻðһ䣬ɫģáƯ

һԵĺԭҧгݣһϲͻȻ嵭ļѪڰɫɷǲɴΪԻ󣺡ʲôôôֵĸоĸоˣ桭ͣ
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ķɲһǸиӿʼڲݵನʹģҲܿԼ˵
Ůԭϲοѽ桪
ū֪ʱŰױ˹ĶĬޱȣһһ飬һһ壬ոֵܵȴ̼ΧûûߡһȦױȻһУ˲һеĻ
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СײĦϸ΢ĴˮɽϤź꣬ŭ˫뽫ūճɷɻңȴÿӽһִԲ

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ͻȻһȸ׷ɣǻΪҪҹϮӪæȫ䱸Ƭ֮󣬵ȴӴӪԱߵĿյط۵糸ȥ




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ʶҪ׷ֹԭתһȦôҲ벻ףһӵĵ䡣
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ϺرӣرϸһʱΪѡ
һͻΧȥˣô׷ɣǿȥ׷ɱǡ
·ʧΪð취Ϻ룬ɲ뽫װø̽ӹͷð취ɽ׷ˣϷµ̷ֱΧ
ƺһҲûϼһ˽ģһ䣬ɽ̳ˮҹӿȥ
ɾȺ˵Ƭ֮쵶ͻȻɶһд˴Ի
Ŵ󿪣Ӱ
ճǡȻ˿ճǣѵǿճǼƣ
εȽƻ˲һУԸϢĻᣬнâҹգϼһĺֱǧ¶ը죬ȫ׷

Цɽ׷д뵽Ҫ׷ɱĵԭͻɽ֮С
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СĵĨȥȺµĺۼ漴ƺƴس塣
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ƶСħŮļᣬ˿浾𣬱Ů͸ֲ⣺С㣬㹦ʱ뿪ΪθԸҵʣ
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ӰŰɣһƬɱѷӿɽ̼˻У۽Ҳҳһš
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һǶ˽Ļ漴ĻӿڳΪ𣿡
Ŵ̰ѹ˿ܻŵǧɴΪ¡




 

ݱŲر֮ɽ˷ߣżʮӪȥһ·϶ü˼ϼһɫδչͷɽͻȻһװ
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ȻֹùĺξɲǾͱ飬һʡ
ѪЦոȻѷɵͻȻ˺նɵջȻݣɫһƷƮĽȴɢ˲Ѫ׷ɣֻ˹Źء

ΪŮΪ⸸ܲΪӱʦְɱ֮»˭ֵܹ
ʯ֮䣬֮ͻȻðʮӰĵ˽â֮ǰ
ͬʱɱ˽ڣʦɱ񣬱в죬ֻʬ紩һٻɱ޻֮Ľ

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ĵƣаȻ˯ȥʯ뿪ԷϸŮ漴ɱ˷ر֮ɽ
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˲䵱ϰԵıѹôܽܵĳֶ߰ҧꡣ
ѩͲʲôŮȢҲΪĿģεľڽСĽŵ̴棬漴ҧгݵػصԼҴӪƷȫãһŮһƽϢ顣
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ʯϻΪгĬѾԾΪǧΨһĻƴɱΧֻԼײĿܡ




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صȻ˾Ӫʯ̧ȥɽҰȻǵоӰֻɽϴ
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һСҶ׼ѵŮδߵɲǣܵĵͻȻһ󲨶ҽ
ѹӺ˺ݴİΧȦȽٸ췴

ոɱʯǰ¼һ仰漴ɽһȥ
ʯϵһͷˮǰױ飬ϸϸ͵ǣҵ֣ҴǴɽߣƵѥӣͱ硣
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ӨҲչ˷˫ᣬͬʱ̾Ϣϧɲ룬ɵ滹ǻᱻΧ
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ʯϷһͷױ廹վе㼱ˣȥæѽһܴ𣿡
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ȥعؿڣɫǣ
ۺʱεأӨԶɫǽŲ飬βһһŰСҶֱǣɽһȺݱ֮С
խɽʯһ򵱹صĻᣬŮԹۣųСһ˵ֵݱûţЦ
ʯϰԱ̾š࣬ԶҲԳΪɱĴӢֻۣҪӦһյʱͿˡ
ɱʯڵȵŮĻһǰ漴˴򿪵ıڡ
һɽڼһ룬¶һλڰɽĿڣʯϸոճˣһƻõĽӰβ
Գ֣ΪĲһɱūţŮرڡ
ʯϵԸ˱⣬ҲԸռڣϼһһ£̰ͨڲΧȥǷֹ˳ʵȴݱ㡣
һЦ̰˽¶ɣǲҪɱСҶ˽ױⱦأʯ˱ڹѡѹϼһֵôɣ
ɱǣһ
۾Ůɫеɱޱȱ䣬Դҩ˹ɱ˱⣬ѩҲη壬Ųһʶ˶⣬˷ޱȽ룬´СҶΪ⽴ľ˲䡣
ͨʮɣһתֻ֮һ򳡴Ŀռɽһľ˿յأʶ뵽֡أ
ʯϲһ漴ֳָǿʧǸԭô򵥣ԹͨҲûһôӱ׷
ûѰҡһĳڣһӰƿնǿʬһĽҩ˾Ȼ˹ȣԭǰɱֻǰƷĽ˹һȺǽѹ׵ϱ
ͭͷټٶȣҩ֮Զԣ
ת˲֮䣬ҩѳתǣ˫ĿĹһ̺Ծ֮廯Ϊһ޻ͬھɱȸ֡
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ˮ֮ƿպХɲǣһȵͻȻбȻ1һ䣬ͷ­շ˽С
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һͷСҶһھ֮漴֮ʥŮЭֲµķߺضĶҩ˳ƣĶǵӰ
ҰЩ
ˮʥŮľٶӰԺһ󵨵Ĳ룬ҰŮɱֳһŮԣɷ˵ͽеִ¼ϡ
ŮһҩײһͻȻʹӼϴ룬֮УȻµҩնΪ롣
仯ΪŮеľϲΪͬһ˵ӡϢû˿ѣ׾ٴһ漣
˵ٻӰͬʱǰһվԭ᧿Σķͣ
֮ڣɱսȴ˽֮УôȥȻǱʤɲȵݸ
Եˣϼһ˫䣬ԭشתĽâֱ˷ߣ˽Ҳڿն𣬶׼Ů˶ϡ
ǽ߼ĹСģ
ʶּŮȱɫ
ɭϢ·ǵ֮磬ոŵĲҽ̳˶ɽƺҲϲסȼУ̳ɳͣ䡣
Ƭ֮ȸʣ޼ʯϴŮԵʦ˵깽䡣
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ʯСһΪ壬ʱ伫ͬһɲǵסıУͬʱߴá
һ罫ŮĻӦս֮⣬ķ϶йɱ
СҶָһס˽Ľ⣬ͻȻͬʱƴ˽ϣ˲佫ʹһϼһһ״
һŮ֮֮ͬ˲ʯָСҶؿڣû롣




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Ůľöɳ䣬һȺҩ˵סǳʯͷͼ
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ըĿ罫ʯϾǽǣСҶһߴѪһ߳ϣʵ塢࣬ҵ𣿡
ʯս˴ŮҲݹΧ֮УǰƬʱ䣬ǼΨһĻᣬŮӦȴôΣʯͷԲ𣬳ӦǶ

˳ŮָķʯϿһӰԭһʼѡ˷Σôɱõǽǡ
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СҶһѪȻһٵıŮȥ
ɱҰɱ⣬һ
ŮòЪ˹ĺôֲδ꣬һʯʹӶҵһҩ˵ͷ
Դʶ̧ͷһһɲǣľȻȻһƬӰ档
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һ㶣漴Իҵֺͨ׼ţ̰ѱذȥ죡
̰ǹ˽ĸ֮𣬿ϧһʯȴϣգǧʯ׹һľ棬ҵķѣġùƮɢ
յģ˶ɲͷĿѣΪ֮ı⾹ȻǿյģνԭֻǰΪ˶Ը켺µ塣ôô
СҶҲ̼ǸԭǼٱأյ޳ܣ
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ڴ¹ӳյ˽Ľż⣬СһԾӳأһɽڴؽ¹ϣˣ̮ͨ

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ȥǸϴ衣
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Ц΢٣ѧŮһƵϧЩҩȫ棬Ҫܻ׽һͺˡ
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ҩǿﾹȻûѭʯϵ˵·˳ǽƻ
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ʯϵɫǹ죬ҩ˹ЦɲǣСҶͷĹƬ̺ͻȻðһôû
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Ⱦ죬ѪɢֳһСҶµĴӢֻۣ˵Ȼվص̧޵еĴ֣ǣءʹ




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ĳ䶨͢ȴûַݣԤɱ˶ݣŮսľϼǰˣԷ֮ƴԪ˵Ľ
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֮ݣ̤͢ƽҼ֮£ΨһҴߡ
½ظ̫ƽСʽǻΪʣŮʵǻ֮گ£ӴŮƽȣʳū֮ơ

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ǰڣټĿռ˴󴲣ϣһſ˿ڣﶬĸŮ̽õСϡ
⣬һŮǰʵʯүŮʱگΣܷӿٶȣ
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ƻҶɫһ࣬δӦ֮ߣѱƮȻ³ĻŮһ߷ɳȥ
ĶūûײۣҸײ˫֮ϣ鲨һ·ųСӶһ˦ЦСӣ㻹ѽĶĸ׵ȥ˱߽
ˣūⲻָҪÿ㣬١١
СҶЦ·Ļ䣬֣·µȴͻȻڵΪʲôôȥ߹أ׼˼ҰƯŴȥ
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ū޻˵ȻǱ˦֮ϣȻһ㳵ǰ

ΪͽĻҳȻݺҽ˿УĸϻŭͽҰѹŪΣ˳˯һŮݺݵĴ򣬱飡
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Ǹ棡
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