Ůĵռǡһ Ůĵռʼ 
һ   Ůĵʼ

ܶ˶Ůϲǣˣ϶һλ
ŮġһʮӵŮģﲻ˵ʵΪ˷
ͳƺɣƽʱȷʵҲǽġҵŮĵ
һ

λʮӵŮ㣬һصĶŮˣһ˵ߣ
شԲָߴ͵ģò̫ƯҲ
ȣؼǳŮʡ͹Ůʵģǳһźܸ̬Բ
ΪŮʱȻǺܷǳŮ

ʶλľ˵ͦϷԵģҺʶģ
ϵģȦʶġǰĶ죬еûѣƯƿ
ڣѣ书ܵƯƿһ򡹵淨
˼Ưƿһλ̵ˣôΪˣѣѺѡ
Һ࣬ԣūĹϵ棬˺ü
ʵ֮󣬵֪ȻǼסͬһƬҼڵСڵС
ϱֻһǽ

Ȼ˳ؼģѣѣһʼôϲ죬
ΪұС˽ʮ꣬ϲС졣ҽʾ֭ػ
µʱ䣬˺Ȥ˺Ȥ
ҵǺ˳غ̡ʱѾӴϲüˣ
ڲ㡢ȫȿǣֻļʵ̣Ҫ
̡

˰̣ʽϿˣ֮
˰ʱ䣬𲽷չʵ׶ΡҼ
ģѣѣҵһθʵ棬м˽ʱ䡣˿
Ըǲװ

ҺǰʵʱȻסغԶĵط棬
ڵСڵСϱţԣĹϵʵ֮ǰҺ
Ӧ˴˶ûʲôӡ˶֪סతŵС
Һʵ֮һڼҸһ齫
ˣ˲֪˾ȻǼסͬһƬ

ǰҺƯƿʶڡ򡹺ʶģ˭Ҳ
û¡ȷչʵ̵Ľ׶Σŷ־ȻǷֱסత
С㵱ȻǱҸӵҽţõʱҵūϵ
ʽȷؼܹˣû˺жϣϵ
Ȼ϶ֳһβۡΪ˺סˣٽԼڵ
Ӷˣǿӵǰأ

Һʵ̵ľΪ֮ǰûôʵ̣ڽһ
ʱڴ絽ʵӦУڼĵûʲôֵ̫ÿ
˵ģŮСڵģʽ֮ǰľ
ȷʵ˵ʽϿ֮Ҷ̵ľ
Щ˵Ǻܴ̼ġ

ʽϿ֮ҶԽеĳ̶ȸ̣
֮ΪҲ̫ʣΪʱˣѣģʽ֡
ƵˣôƺҲ˵̫ã̫׼ȷ˵Զ̵̰ɡ

ڶԶ̵ʱҪԷѣʼķʽԼд
ܣͽѡһ£ǰʱдһЩʼɡ

ˮƽǲģΪдЩʱ⣬дЩң
ǸܡΪ˲й¶˽ط˸Ķ
ԭġ


ˣū
ʱ䣺꣸£
ռˣˣ
⣺ľ

˵ҪһԶ̵̣Ҳ̫þộ
й֮󣬲֪Զ̿ƣҰշԸˣʵҲѣ
ĺܴ̼ڰ˵Ҫ󣬰¼

ҽ찴˵Ҫ󣬴һ׺ɫСװȹǰɫĳ
£ʵΪϰ࣬Һٴְҵװ˻˺Ȼ
Ұȹӣͬڿ˵ƨ棬¶Ƥϡһ
ȥ͸оһĸо㴵Ϊյء
ŵĸоĴ̼ңҸо˱¶ܸ߳С

ȻֻԼһˣһǺܽŵسĴһ£ĵ
ֽŸУҼ˷ܴ̼߳ѵ

ȻôˣҽԼַԼĦܿ
˿УΪŰɣֿĸÿ죬ʱ
ƬȴķֿȻһԼļܻᱻ˿
ô߳ܵĶʵ߳ܣָоƺǱܶ˿һ㣬߳ܵ
ͨˣ

ˣӲ׼ĿʼҲȻķ
ڳˮˮһֻּϣָĦ٣ؼӿ
ȣˮԽԽڵöˣȻһָһָڡָ
š߳ܵʱѾˮˮƤϣˮ
޲Ҫ߳ܵҪ˻ûŹңҼ٣ڼ
ǰ߳ˡ

ǿҵĸ߳𽥻ָܼ߳ˣԼϴƬˮգ
ԼȻڼο֪ԼԼҪŮ
ˣȴĴǰδеĴ̼κһֵ
Ĵ̼һϴϸܵĴ̼Ĵ̼Ϳ
Уϲĸоķǳϲˣ





ˣū
ʱ䣺꣸£
ռˣˣ
⣺ľ

ΪӴϼһˣö첻죬ּˣ
˰Ҷȹһһ̼ľ

ͽİ죬ֻԼڼң˴ҵǰδеģ
ҲãҲôûһִϡϡϵ
صĴ̼Ҷеô˵أҪĴ磬žе
ԼôҵգԼĶЩ
Ķܶʱ˾ԼߣԼԼе
԰ˣ

졢죬Լһڼ˵Զ̵̣̼
ʱ˺üΣֲ嵽ĸ̼ˡ

һδ̼ľǽ˿ŵԼ棬滹һӣڼ
˺üȦָо衢߳ܡ̼

ڶƹϣֱҵ滹У滹һӣ
ֵʾͦŴִģʣʣǰı
Ūһֱ̼ˣвͣĻţǴĴ̼

Լĳˣ˵˼ԼţԼ
ĲĶܶܶ͸մϵ̺϶ǣ
ģԼܼ߳ˣҲһӵ˿ֵ۷塣

ˣ졢죬ҿļˣþúþûôĹˣллˣ





ˣū
ʱ䣺꣹£
ռˣˣ
⣺ľ

ӿѧѧУ֮ǰֺЩ첻ˡڷˣҴ
𴲣ǵõĵһ飬˽ҵ񣬲ˣԼ
Ļױ˵һװɫȹҵԼʵڿ
ϣһɫĳͲ˿ࡣȻûǴϣһ˫̲
˿࣬ԼһбףԼ󣬾ȥ̳һ
·϶񣬸оԼ涼е㳱ʪˣҾһ·ô
һ͵̳

̳ǰ̳˲̳࣬һƧط
һüëĶǦʣΪ̫Һ£˿ŵһ
Ǧϱף̳䣬ǦʰѶ̲˿˽ȥ֮
ڿ˿࣬оģҲ̵ģÿһ
˿̼ҵÿһ񾭡

֮˵Ҫ˵ӰƱӰԺΪ˼ٴ̼ҾŲ
ȻûһҲȻûб˲ʲôߵû
ˡ̲סϺˮӰû꣬Ҿȥ䣬ȥ
ʱҪó˿࣬ȻȥóʱѾʪ
ˣԼˮָоֱܼ߳ˡҲ֪Լô
ҲʹºܣֲԾԼȥĸ
飬һֱĥҡ

ȫȻ֪ݵʲôĵӰˣ˿໹ҵ棬˵Ӱ
ԺȥʳԷ¥߶ֵ̫࣬ܲˣһ߿˾
̼ҵ棬ҷ˺ööˮˮһֱţкü
βܲˣһǼֹˡ

һֱ˹涨ʱ䣬ҲȥȡʱҲŷڿ
ѾʪһƬģ˿඼еʪˣҿŰɫڿһƬʪʪĺ
Լ輫ˣԼڵİҺŪʪԼڿ㣬߳
ԼƽʱôŮû뵽ô顭

ǽһĸܺ;ʾˮʽģȻĲ
ܲģ˲ҪЦң



ˣū
ʱ䣺꣹£
ռˣˣ
⣺꣹£յľ

ˣҵľԼЩ£ô˵أҲԸ
ĳͷдģûкúõ˼һǰ
˵Ҫˣֻʱ䲻ѣ

֮ȥСԺԼȹӻڿ㣬ȵƨ棬
ֻУոհסƨɣʵյģȹӣٵĵط
һȦ·Բע⣬ֻ߱Ҫ£ͻ¶ŵˣͻ
ˣҼˣ棬۾Ҫ۲ܣ۲ǲ˿
ңԼǲ˱˵ע⣡

鼫ˣǳĽţʱıȽϿ죬Ḷ́ȴΪ
ŶӵĴ̼

ˣ̾ˣˣֻʱϱȽ϶̶ѣľ
ҵսľԺҪͷˣһԹԵģ




ˣū@ 񡣣
ʱ䣺꣹£
ռˣˣ
⣺ľ

죬ҳȥ֮ǰһױȽְҵһȹ˵Ҫ
ڳ֮ǰ棬Ҵ˿࣬˵ķԸûп
ѡ⳵ȥİµĵط

һڵȳĹУһ߸ֻţһԼ˺ܶεģ
Լһֱʪģĸܵʪģر߶ĹУ
ԸоҪƵģ·ѾҪܲˣҵʱ̽ţڸ
ҵĴ̼ͬʱҲܵر߳ܵĸооԼһ
ҩɾȵĵȻڴ·

黹û꣬Ҳ֪ǲԼģΪӣ
ûеȵ⳵ڱ߸ĹУҾȻߵ˹վ
ȵ󣬲ǵ˹ϲûеλֻվţ
Ҳû취ˣ˵ģ˵ķԸ


Ҳ֪ô˵أָоһԼ񶯣
һҶƺ񶯵ܼ߳ˣģҺó
ϵ˲ǷǳĶ࣬˶нҵվţ϶
˵ġ

ģʱĸо޷ݵģһ߳ܣ
޷ݡֻоҵץŰֵʱ
̵ĳҲ֪˶ãоˮԽԽ࣬ƺҪ߳ˡ
ҪϿ³ϧûеվʹн˫ȣԽǼ
ԽҲ֪ôʱһӵ˸ֻ߳
ܵСѨһΡһӲ֪룬ҸæϿأԼе΢
һ㣬΢һ¡

ڳվˣҸæ³˽ȥһ£ȥ
ģ룬ʱҪλϵĻ뿪ʱ϶кö
ˮյģԽԽ߳ܣ

ˣҴûйľ֪㲻һգҵ
ʲôأǴ̼š߳ܡҲ֪Լôӣǰң
ȫģô߳ܵ飬ĸ㲻ˣˣҿ
ܴ濪ʼΪ˵ɧĸˣҺ߳ܰ



ˣū@ 񡣣
ʱ䣺꣹£
ռˣ
⣺ľ

ľδΪִ̼
һ죬һѵһֱңĺÿĵأ

ǴֹµԶ̵Ŀƣ൱Ĵֹ̼ǣ
ȥðյ飬⳵˾Ǯڹ԰иλ˱
¶ǰοȥңˣ󵽸߳ˮ
ȵȡ

ȻڣÿһҶ۾һ£Լ
УڷµĹУԾ
ľͿʼԼʪˣرҪҲȷ̣رǵʱ
߳ľͼֱ޷ݣģʵֵܾ
ȤĿռϴ󣬿ԻһУŵʱڿң
Ĵ̼ˣ

ʵ֪˵ΪҪȥܼˣǹ
ģѾܷɧ˵޷԰ˣҪ˶Զ̿ƣҪȥС
԰ﱩ¶οмͨ˵ĵ绰ϢҪ治
·ֻ˿洩¥ʱҼ˷ֽŴ̼ҵµ
¥Ϳʼ˴绰Ȼ˵ָʾ£ڻ԰˶Լ
´ûƹϳԼСѨһϵе

ÿҶܼ߳ˣţ±˴Ӵ˴߹±˿
һˣ˺Ĵ̼Ҳǿǰģִ̼Ҫ
棬ֶĳִܸ߳нŸн֯һ𣬼ֱ
ұˣ

ˣĺð㣬ллһֱң




ˣū
ʱ䣺꣱£
ռˣˣ
⣺ľ

ΪʮһڵԵʣûˣּ
ˣͷʱҵѾʼԾʪ

ǽϹڼңӡǵһΣϹڼҵʱ򣬱
˵̺ͽȻһ¥Ŀ￴ӣʱȻ
ֽź͵ǣȴʹҸӾĪĴ̼˷ܡ

Ϻ浽һ룬ܲɼ˿ˣϹҳȥһ
ͬкӴĿˡ˵֮󣬳ƸʱһĿ
Ϲûȥżֺңҹԥ
ǿԽԽͲɵķԸһҧִ˵


ѵڿ㣬ǰƵϲҳǼ
ɫ˿˯ȹҪңǸԼ
ֻ¶һСص档

ңصƵʣ˼ʮĵλһ򿪿ضʱ
ﴫϤĴ̼һ᲻֪ʲôҵʪ͸һƬ

һ𶯹΢ƽһͺŴŵȥ˿

ϹѣһҺΪֺɫ
ˡ˿æȥݲ裬Ϲһ𣬸
졣ɳձŵҪֱһϹѣ
˵ͦȵģҲŸоԼͷϣѾǳ˺ýȷ
ʵеȣڱıߺȲ裬ͷϳ˺ûбϹ
Ѳʲô

Ϲ˻죬Щָ侲ע⵽
ϹǸɫѣĿҵؿڡɴҲ
Ϊղų̫ˣ˰ִˣ˯±ȽϵñǰȽ
Եĵ͹šʱ߳ΣҾܸ߳иеģʱҲʼ
ָоҲ֪ô˵еԣ޷ҵʱ
ܺ顣Ҳ֪Լʱʲôӣֻ֪ѾһƬհף
ֻܿѵһһϣȴѾ˵ʲôˡ

оǺʮѽֹͣ𶯣һָʱ򣬻
ϹǸɫѣѾ͵ˡʱϹҲֵˣ˯û
д֣ղźżغҳԴ˲ûлɵʲôʵڿƲ
סԼˣóõᣬϹ˵ȥ
ţƵĸϽ

Ȼҽ֮ȴǲóֻ
ָ£ο˸߳

ģҼֱǷˣˣҰɣôȥһʲô
ǲˣ



ˣū
ʱ䣺꣱£
ռˣˣ
⣺ľ

ˣõ񣬼ֱ޷ܣ˵Ҿһ
ȻʱӦˣԼԥ˺ܾãž˵ȥ

òװ°ʱ䣬ԼһԷģأأǰһȥ
أҼҵʱһ쵽˲ûע⵽

ŶˣҰ˵Ҫһɫĳ£ǰɫ
խȹɫĸ߸Ь˵ķԸûдڿ㣬Ҫ
ɫ˿ࡣ

ͣأһ˷󣬰˵ķԸȥһ䣬ͨ
绰Ѷŵ˶ͣóסŶĶ䣬
ȻʹϤõ˵һص˺ͣأ
Էǰҽڵȹʵ䣬ҵʱ߳ܵĺ޲
طȥɻǲأִ˵һֻ
ο

ģҵʱҪˣָһԼͷѾʪ
͸ˡҶ֪ԼôģΪأػڶ˵ұ߳Ա
Ҫһ͵͵οšؼڣͣĴ
ҵĻָоֱҷ赽

ãأǸܴĵŮˣҳԷΪ鲻ã߶
ųܵķ£ûвҵʵ˻Ǻҵģ˵
أһʲôˣҲ˵ˣأҳԷΪ鲻ãŸҲ
ôһ񣬵Ҳ㹻߳ܡ

أ˵ʱȴڸ߳ģˮδµĵϣ

ҵʱ߳ܵûˣʱɵ뵽ԼʵҸΪ
˺󣬺вĵʱˡأҲһˣ϶Ͳ
ֻΪ˱ŤֶŮ˵ⲻ˵ķգͰԼ
ҪҪģҪܡ

飬һؼҺ߳ˣŮǰ
治֪ԼǸʲôŮˣľҾ÷ǳ
̼ͬʱҺидᵽˣΪʲôһѡϲϣ



ˣū
ʱ䣺꣱£
ռˣˣ
⣺ľ

ˣõ񣬼ֱ̫߳ˣһ񲻶أ
ҲидᵽˣʵûʲôģѾ˱Ƚϴ
顣

ҽ˵ģʼҪĹߣҶģ
ҪȥȤƷ˵ʵǺѽܡת˺öȦ
ҺԶĵطҵһȦȤƷ꣬ҵһŮϰ忪
ģ˵ҪȤƷŮϰ壬Ϊ˻
ͦģȥκϤˣҵһ򹤾ߵĺõطϾ
ЩҲǺܷ㡣

˵֮ȻŹĻᡣҲ²ˣ
ʵҲ뱻ˣȥȤƷʱ

Ҵ˵ָȥȤƷ꣬Ǵһɫ
˿£ǰɫ֣һɫİխȹǰɫڿ㣬
ɫ˿࣬ɫĸ߸ЬҿҵȤƷ꣬ѳͣ˵ǰ
˵Ĺ涨ͨ˵ĵ绰Ѵ϶Ķ䣬
ڸסˣ֮ûңѵڿ㣬ȹ׽
ȤƷꡣ

ŮϰˣؽӴңȴһû
ִĵ綯ټ͡ģҶ֪Լô˵ģƽʱҶû˵
ʣξȻǶһͬŮ˵ġڼţû
Ҳֻ˵˳

λŮϰ壬ģسЦЦָһ
رִ񶯼ߣ˵ŵġŮϰر
ִ񶯼ߣӻҿʱͻȻָָұĵţ
һ£ȥһᣬŤͷһ߹һеġ
Һ˺ܲŮϰ壬Ҷȥݣڿһر
񶯼ʱͻȻһеģʹڼţҲֻ
ϳˡ

λŮϰ壬ӦƽʱڵסݺСһ˫˴
ûʲôռˣһرִ񶯼ʱֻ˴ϡ
ýǸеģ׵ģҲͰ˾ˡ

ŮϰݣСĵҲ˰װóرִ
ߣظң񶯼ߵŮͦģе̫ˣ
ǲǾúʡҵȻû˵ʵΪʲôĶģؼ
ûдڿ㣬ôһ˵߳ˣ֪ôĻشˡʱ
ʾңȷʵеҽЩʵġ˵ڸ
˸̨ףʵȴҸ߳ܡ

Ůϰûȥ棬ý˶СһļߣС
ͬİĦһ߽һѡҵȻû˼ѡֻƼˡ

ΪŮϰ˵ֶŮͦģ
רҵ飬ƼСʵļߣһȽС񶫰Ħ

ΪˣȴңŮϰ壬ûƨ
ĹߡģƨʣһͬŮˣ˵ڣֻ֧֧
ûʺõģרŮϰһ䣬Լ
Ƿ治ˣԲЩġˣ治ǲ
Ҫ

Ůϰ壬ģûϸ˵ý˼

ˣ̫ˣȻŮϰ壬á

Ҳû뵽ģȷʵܿŵŮϰ壬ǲģ
Ȼֳʾһ¡óӦõһˮȹ
㣬Ѹ˺ţȻȻڿȹӣûϰѸ
ó֮󻹸ңüߺ񶯰οʱøѺϣ
о˷ܣܶҺεŮˣùԼԼʱ
ܶ඼ôġҵʱ߳ܵòˣͷŮϰ廹
˵Щûʲô˼ģںܶŮ˶ԺܶȤƷ꣬
Ů˿ģΪŮ֮Щ

оλŮϰ壬ͦõģҲͦ׵ģҰƼ
ߺһȽС񶫰Ħˣȫýĸˮ
ʵĸȷʵƯġû˼ţҿ϶Ů
һᣬΪţ˶֮󣬸Ǯһ뿪
ˡ

һεľȻ߳ܣҸһʶźܴİ
ʵǺҵģϸ˵Ůϰ壬ŻҰ
ôһε̣Ҳܷԭ








 ڶ ҹĵռ

ǰһᵽˣҺʵ̵ľһʱ
ڴ絽ʵӦУڼĵûʲôֵ̫ÿ˵ģ
ŮСڵģʽ˵һʱ䣬ʵһҺ
ƵʣһֻһΣм仹һαӵ¼
ֱ˴˾ǼסͬһƬһû档Զ˵
絽ʵӦ̣ȷʵǻһʱ䣬ʵֻǾ˲ʮε
ʵ̡

Һʵ̣浽˱Ƚϴ̼Ľ׶ΣҲ˵Ұ
ʽģӽġһҿʼģʵľ
ͽġһʼ˵ɡ



    ǰһᵽˣҼڵСڵСϱֻһǽ
ҼҺҶһϱֵĶߣһ齫硣ĺѾ
ѧˣʡѧϹϰҲûѹļ
ÿϣ齫齫

齫ᣬһ齫Ҳûȥļ齫ĵ
⣬ÿۼһġɴ˴ӽġһҿʼұ㳣
齫⿴ģȻʵʲģˮƽ
ǳ¨ҷ

ڵСţ齫磬мֻһ̫Ľ֡
Ϲ齫磬Ϊм̶ѣϾܴϾ֣һֱ
򵽰ҹʱֲŻؼҡǸ˭͸˭棬ͨʮҾȻؼ
ˣ齫һʱղϾ֣Ǿͻؼˣȥ齫
档ÿ齫⿴ģȻܹĻᡣ

ʵҺ㲻ǹҪôģƯƿӵˣʵ
˼֪֮ǼסͬһƬҺֻһΡżȻ
ᣬ˴ˡʶ˴㡢Сܹϵˡ    ΪҺ
㷴ǸȥˣΪʹȥҺԶطıݣҲп
ϼʶҲʶҵˡϹϰ࣬춼ڼҸ
ţ̣ʱҲǺܷ㡣Һֻܳţ
Ϲ齫齫ᡣ

˸һƬסŮģ˵˾˷ܣʵǺܱߵ
顣Ϊ˺סˣٽԼڵķӶˣǹû
ڲٵˣ





չ꡸һڵһϣָϹһ飬˼ҸǼ
齫ڡһչʱΣϵʱ컹Ƚ
ﲨǴһɫĽ߷ֿ㣬͹ԳջŮ
Ρ

Ϲ齫磬Ͼʹ˾֣˺һỹǲ֣ü
齫⿴ģϹ˵һȥתת齫ˡ
齫֮Žֱ˱ҵ߳һξ󣬳߹
ȥķȥ

ڵСı棬һۺгٱһ·
ۺгı棬  һŶ·з Ϊһ
ۺгۺг̫֣ںг̶ˡۺг
˵Уһҿ˵İҹ˾ſڶѷ˺ܶ˲Ҫľɼ
ߡ

Һһ̵İҹ˾棬ʱѾϰ˵ˣ
λñȽƫƧں󼸺˾ֻͦԶյ·ƣΧҵ
źܶɼҾߣ˾ϸ̵İҹ˾ˡʵҺ
ӡһʼطСüˣ
ط

һ̵İҹ˾ǰһķεʵľӣһ
˿ˡߵǰûеרҪ泯ӱ
վԣջĴƨɳҡ

ߵ󣬸ſĴƨɣָ·
ģƨô󣬻ôĿӣ±˲֪
ƨɴǰɣ

ʵƽʱ˵֣ÿθ㵥һʱԵرֿ
ҪҵģΪұСʮ껹࣬ǰֵø
Ʀһøи˷ܣƽҴ˺ܶ
СʵڣУУӵźŮģ̷ʽ
ѭŮ˷ܵģūĹϵܵԼͱ֡

Ҹ·һ䣬㲻Ͼ˷ˣ
ܵ˵𡭡𡭡Ա߿˹˿ġ

ģŤŸƨɣ˿𼦰װˡ
Ŵֿһ䣬·ʹץסһֻӣѿӽ⿪
ıƷɧû

ȻǱֵú裬Ѿ˷״̬Ͻ⿪˽߷ֿ
Ŀۡһָֻ·ץסһֻӣһֻȽĿ
쵽Ŀ˼£ָ˹
ڣоѾʪˡ

ɧôʪˣûʰˣ˳˰
ģϹڼңľȥúʰʰɡ

߳ܲѵذ˵𡭡ҼˡȥҰɡ

ҳֶðɣȻȥҼұʰľʹҼ
ȥɡȥҼңͲֻıˣúúƨ۶

˵Ůջ㵱ŵһ£𡭡˰ɡϴ
Һ桭ܲˡλǡǱ˰ɡ

ʵһҲûȥңҲһûеҼңô˵Ϊ
㵱ȻǺܶҵ˼ҲΪǿУ˳ҵĻ
ͷô˵ġ

ʽϿ֮󣬲ſʼҵŮջ
ڴ֮ǰûиؽڸʽʵ̵һ֮󣬲ȫ
ҿŮջ˽ġһŮջȫҿ
˳ˣÿ˵Ҫĺʱȷʵǳýź£ͬʱ
ϣŮջʵ󲿷УŮģ±
ǳڱ̬ܵͬʱϲţΪܴǿ˷ܸС

ҵȻ̬ܶƺݺģ
ǻرƨ۵ʱ򣬲ˬ໽ˣװɶ

ֶвһ䣬īˣϽѿȥ
ƨۣҪͰǹˡ

ϽҺµ˵ҪҪҸ
뿪ɡܱ˸ײ

ֶвģϻϽѿȥǵ
˶֣Ͳֻˣ

ְҪҪˡҿ
šҪˡҸȥɡ

ڻĸоˣˡҼҡʵ
һҿݾƵꡣ




    ֻڼҸĽ϶̵ʱڣŽ϶ĻᣬΪ˱
̣ڸһҿݾƵ꣬һ֣ɣлԱˢ
һοܼ򵥾ܿ÷䡣ÿζԼȥ÷Ƚ˱ݷ֮
ڽ䡣˿Ըǹ׵ģҿݾƵ
壬һ֣ɣлԱһǮࡣ

ʵϲŰص̣ϲ೦ÿŰ֮ǰ
ϴʱԼϴŮջ˹೦֮⣬ҺŰ
̵Ļͦ࣬Һͦϲһֶ̲˿࣬
ʪŮջڡ

ÿ޴齫齫⣬װĵŵĻᣬ
ȻÿζڶϵþߡһϣҴڶĵ
ߣһ˫ɫĶ̲˿ࡣ˿Ϊ֮׵Ըֻ
Ҫʱ׼ˡ

˷֮ѹ·ȥϴ裬ҪΪϴ
ŮջҲϴ˸裬еŮΣ
ͿĨ㹻ԡҺ󻬣Ŵƨɹùһ˫
Ķ̲˿࣬浹һЩԡҺˮʪ˴꣬ùһˢ
ˢĸ˽һ˫̲˿࣬˫ĺ

Ů˴ֶ̲˿࣬ͨĳ˿ˮʪֻкϸһ
˿ǴˣǼһţܹøŸܵ
̼ұиоҺһŰػ˵Ҫ
˷ܵ㣬Ůջһ˫̲˿ڱȥһ˫̲
˿Ĺ̵С

ˢĸ˽һ˫̲˿࣬ȥŮջڣֻڸſ
СΡ㱻Ůջڣȥһ˫̲˿࣬ø
ˣܸܵ߳зˣʱȫ˱̵ū״̬

ŮջҪ㣬Ͱϣ¼ع
Ͱԡ龰֮£Ȼú߳ܣҲ˷ˣ
ҴĹУͰԿˡūǰ桢桭


Ǽūıƺƨۡܲˡ˷֮󡭡Ⱥݺ
һټūɡ

ҷվһ˵ȸ˲ƨɣٲ
㣬Ȼ˵

ùֽҲƨɣҺ䣬˴ǰ
Ȼߵ˴ǰĴǰ˴ϣ
ǰ¼ؿˡūıƺƨۡĶܲ
Ĵ󼦰͡Ⱥݺݲһټūɡ

ÿڱʱԼϲĵ·ÿһŮ˶ǲһ
ϲĵ·ȱһȱ˷ˣٺܾҵ
һĹ̲뱻ţٱ̡Ϊʲôϲ
̳ԼҲ˵̫ףϲ·档

νǸķģڰĵ̵㹻Ļϣ˼
ĵҵȻǵðϲ·еˡ

ڵмǰ߿ԣҲԣʵϲ
ǰ󶼱塣Ĺ̲뱻ţϾǣ֮µǰ
ʱϲźţϲǰšΪʲôϲʽ
ԼҲ˵̫ףôʱ򣬻ر˷㡣

ÿʵŸص㣬ҪҵһģԼˮƽ߶
רҵؼܲ˼ĵϲá

Ůջڣȥһ˫̲˿࣬˴ϣ
վڴȲıơΪһ+ ѻŮıȻǺܽ
ıƲǷǳиоġֱıƣ˷
ˮܶ࣬ǳʪ˳ؼĸȥһ˫̲
˿࣬Խ࣬ͬʱĶ̲˿
࣬Ĵ̼ڱʱͣţȻ
иоˡ

վڴ±ѩ׷Ĵȣݺݲһķƣ
ٵ໵һͨ˽УҲٵҲǳ˷ܡͷð˺ЩˣҴ
ıͣڴϢһᣬ׼ڿıƣ
Ůջ

Ҹó˿࣬ûаڿı
Ϲ˵绰ǻؼ˻ȥ˱齫磬˵иѹ
ˣϹȥһԷ

ҿ˺üģŵε̻ᣬսе˸߳
ʱֻǰһˡҵģڴ·뿪Ƶǰ֡
첢øҴ˴ηɻ䵽ڿϣűϾҺ
㣬ȥϹѳԷ




    רдˡһϵĵ̣Ϊϵĵ̱
ˣΪ滹ءݣԼд˵ռǣȻ
ҪдģԣѣʼķʽңǴʼģʽˣ
ıռǵģʽϺݣɡ

ʵǰдݣΪ˸ƪռǣΪ̵ġ
ռǶڣֻռǣûаǰ򽻴űȻϡͿġ



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ǰ飬ҾԼ̫ˣϴϹ뿪󣬸һ
Ϲ֮ˣȥ˱ݿֱˣ͹ˣ
ȻǴűϾҺڿ㣬ϹһԷ͹߳ܵ
ˣϹһͬ˷ȻǻҪңš

Ҫ߶ʵ̫аˣȻʵܾ¸߶ˣ
˵аҵĸܡС棬ͷסȫ
Сģڶúȴֻϣ
п

֪϶ᱻң裬ֻǴ߶ֻ
΢񣬷ŵһĿ㶵׼ոǰӶֻ
ȻֻǴȸо΢񶯣һҵֻ
Ӷͨ˴ĵ绰ûд˵û
⵽ң裬ֱŵĸоʵ̫߳ˡ

ϹõѺܶ࣬󲿷ҶܷУΪˣÿγ
ǺȾơţϹӵˣÿЩԷȾƣ
඼ҪҺ㡣ֽ߳ţҲϲϹģ
Ҹɴͷž˵Ժ˰Сʱֻĵ绰ҵˣ
΢һЩôˣ϶绰

ԺһᣬѾʮˣտӳԺȣ
ʱԸоЩˣԺȵò˿쵽뿪ˣ绰Ҳûд
ǳһ뷹ҪʱСϹһտ꣬
ϹѾû̫СϹ˷ּȥ

СϹûһᣬֻĴ˵绰ָ
ȥտڵ䣬¶οֻվ˵뿪£û
˵Ҫȥ䣬СҪȥ䣬վһ߽
ڡ

뵽˵ڵ棬վ˸еźŵţСܼ
˳קߵտ걱һںͬ

տ걱ںͬխСǽгǽ֮䣬ֻһ׶
춼˴ߣʱҹ˸˾ƽʱտ
ԷȾƵˣʱö඼СͬС⡣СȻŮģ
ʮŮˣҹڻⷽ㣬˵ʲô
⣬СںͬС⣬ҵĸоֱܼ߳ˡ
˺ںͬм䣬СνȹӶ׵˵ϣҽ⿪Ҫʱ
ָһ߽֣һָο

ģֱ̫߳ˣͬʱҲ뵽ˣһβǱţ
ڱš

ͦĻŷ磬¿Ӷ׵˵ϣϸо쬵ġŮ
Сʱ򣬾ܹо˷ܸУ쬵ģ
ȣؼǻָ٣ʱо˸ǿ˷ܸСȻʹ
ҧס촽뷢̲סһ

СҼԶڵһԶͿȫûп
Сͬʱָ١ͦʱڻС⣬СҲоͦǿ
˷ܸУҲûпţıģ
һȫûлʲô

ʹڻСʱοţ߻һͬ
Ůѣʵʵ̫߳ˡھ߳ܵûݵͬʱȴҲо
˷ǳǿҵ˷ܸУ˷ܵûݵĳ̶ȡģ޷
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Сȷվڿȹӣɵ˺ͬڡҶ
ڵϻûʱָǰվ
ƨɣҪָ١ָֻˣָֻ
˼٣ǰ߳ʮСվס˽ŵ߹ȥ÷ǳ
ȫңҵʱʲô

һͬŮǰһ¼οţֱ̫
߳ˡҾ߳ܵģڸо߳ͬʱо˷ǳǿҵ
˷ܡ

˿ԽָΪڻܽţͦĻŷ磬
ûдﵽ߳ˮѾ˳Ŵڲϥǣ
ϸܵ˷ܸУǳ߳˷ܡ

СȵЩżһҸϽڿͿӣ۶˵
ۣſڵҵС




    

ˣǰ龭ܳҪȥˣǷ˲ͬ
㣬ʣµĵпյʱдɡ

ˣҪҵģдռǵʱ򣬾ᵽˣҪ
ҵĽǶȣдԼĸܡôдҵĸоȷʵͦõģѾ
ᵽˣºѵ̾дĸоǳãдʱ
˷ܣؼһдţһϸϸػţõ滺ͷš
ǰдʱһǺⲻ̫ԸǺ˵ĺ
ˡ

ˣҲǳлҪ㣬дˮƽ˺
ߵҲᵽˣʵϵ㣬Ҳкܶ
Ӱ졣ȻΪңʶһܺõˡ




£յľ
Сһص˵ӣСЩ˵ȹ̫ˣ
ѾҹʮһˣҪȻؼȥҳû˵ȷʵҲȻؼˡϹ
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С˳⳵߽˼ڵС

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ĵ绰͹ˣȻҪǳ߳ܣһ

ΪûбűƲƨۡģ̫ˣȻ˵
ĴˡȻǴ˵ĴɴĴʱ滹
Ǿüֱ̫߳ˡ

ΪڱʱûбűƲƨۣؼָ֮Ҫ飬
·˾Һڿ㣬װһԼ

Ȼó˰Ħ͸ؽߣŶؽߣҲ֪ʽ
ʲôרŵģͨļ״̫һȻҲϸͦ
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һֱǴ˷״̬øؽ߲ƨ۵ĹУȼס
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˷ܵĸо˸о˵˷ܸУǼ൱ǿַǳ⡣

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ǿҵ˷Уʱûиоһ˿ܸ߳СºԼҵ
˴ߵĵذϣ飬˾̫߳ˡ

ģǲɾҩˣȻ˵



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źõԭĵطɵ˴ϡԼ˰Сʱ
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ҪȥϹʵҲָ֮һˣϹûл
ҪŴһ˯ȥؼңؼǵ¥棬а
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ϹҲֻͬˡСϹ

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ĸоʵݲ

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СϹְǮ˻

ϹСϹʱȫǲ˼쵽
ǰ˯ĦϹСϹʱȫܹ
Լﵽ߳Ҫﵽ߳ʱֲÿ֣Ϊ
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ģ⵽һôĸоʵݲԼҲ˵̫
Ϊʲôĸо֮ʱûо̫߳ܣΪ
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дʵԴǰϵ飬ǷǳǳøлϣȻ
Ҿú߳ܣʵʸҺܴӰ졣

СϹصϹϾͺ˰ⲻ˽
ҲҪϹҪģϹؼҺ˳Ҫһ
ΰΪƺ󣬶뵽Ҫ

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ңǼҺϹҺϹʵһΣƽʱ
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һֱѭţǵ̶ԭڵʱᵽϹ
˼԰棬ǰҺϹǴ԰򵥺˵˵ɡ

ʼõŮµƣûһᣬûҾ
ﵽ˸߳Ȼſ¸ڽһᣬӺң䵽
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ΪȻҲٵ˸߳һٴϣȻǾ൱൱
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ҲϹҲٵ˸߳Һ˵ȷʵҲ˸
ΪǰϣҲǱҪģϹģʱ
ȫͶ˺Ϲ԰С

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̣ȷ⡢ԴźܶЧӦӰ
޸飬ܹ޸顣

ȻҪΪʶһλˣڶԣ⡢
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ĵҪлΣȻҲҪϹ͵͵ĸлһˡ







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ţŮˣ󲿷ֶűֵűģ
ܽʵ˵ģǱǳǳСһС֡űԻ
ģ󲿷ֶϣѰһԻ㡣ӦڣȦ
һɫݵһģ桸ּ项ĳɹļʽ
ΪöģŮģʹǲܽʵ˵ģĵ֡
ȺȻʱҲ÷ǳ˷ܡ

ѽһµĿʼͷһľ飬ôҲõްɣ

ҵŮ㣬ҲűֵԻ룬뵽ʱҶ
˵ţҪһּʱ˵ţоǳ
ǳ˷ܡźǿҵĿֵԻ룬Ҳвܽʵ棬
ͬʱﻹ˵ȷʵǷǳܹʵ鱻ֵĸоΪ
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˿ֵԻ룬ʮ飬ȻǺѻʵʵ
󲿷ţŮˣڱֵԿϣì̬

Ǹ˼ķģĲϣϲ汻ֵ̣
ҵȻҪһʵʱķ
ʽбʽ̡

ÿһڣϲϣŸԵص㣬ֵϣÿ
һϸ˵ҲǲһġҶйͦʱıֵ̺
һȷһϵľ뷨Ҳ˵ϣô֡
һЩ˵Ϊ˵ңҵһҲڳǰ£
Ϊ˵̬ܱҵһ档

ȷʵǷǳţʵֵȻʵ滹
ңԶȷĿ꣬ǻ뿪ʼչʵȷݣ
ڴʮһȥԼΣҪȷĿĵģڴҲֻ
Ϲ롣

ΪһᵽϣռȷᵽˣҰ
Ϲʵһμķ԰Ƿ˷޸顣Ϊ
ϵ飬Һģϵºֱһ֮ǰ
ˡڴ˻ϣҶеıֵ̣֮ǰҲһȻ
Ĳ棬ʼͨʵĵ·

һЩ˵ĿȷĻϣ˸Ŀصĵһ
ǸȷΪһЩ˵ʮһҪȥԼΣĿ
ػʵڿʼݳˣһվĿ깵ӡ

ҿŴó̵ĳʻĵһվûӡ֮
ǰ˸䡣ôƵģؼΪ˰ı
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ϸȫɶȣΪҲֻһģԴҲȫ
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ʵνģūϵ˵˾໥Ĺϵ˵Щ
ūأõʵǸõģŵģֻ˵ԼƭԼ
˼춼סԼϹסʵ˻װ
ٸ˾ãڣūϵϣҪƭУӣУҲֻԼ
ƭԼΪȷʵˣ˴̹ϵذѻ˵˰¿ˣ
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һģѣȺֽС԰ڽҵ
֮Ҳʹǰ԰ѣȺʱ
͸ˣȺݣԼȺʶУ
ݣѡñȽϴ̼ݷҿڶ㹻̹
أһֱûм԰ѣȺ

ҵģˡɫѣӦлǵõģҲǱдⲿС˵
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ȺһĸȺȺȺǸУӣΪȺڼūٶ
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˵ҪӦ˵ͣԼһΡСרŸұȻ˵Ϲļ
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С硢ĹϵȻҲ죬û쵽ҵĳ̶ȣС
û˵ϹʵʹС硢Ĺϵ쵽
ĳ̶ȣҲἰΪԼϹ
׼״̬ûаʽҲûз־ӣȴһ
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㣬˵ϹʵɣϹյѵģһһΰɣ
ҲţͣأǷբˡ

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ĻĻҲ˵˵ԣϹҲյѵģ
Ƿѵͣˣͣ˻ܲˣϸұ˽ȥ

Ҳ˸ЦӦˣҪ̸
һ飬˸ȳȥˣʣ

ʮ꣬һֱϴʲôɻǵ͵
Ůˣǿšֱˬ͵Ը񣬳úƯϹҲûӡϹ
˵Ļ״̬ȻǷҲбҪˡʵˣҲ
˵ѰɣСҶ֪齫ˣ϶֪
ΪһѣڼҸһѣǸС쳣

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ġȻȫûӴsmСûһ㣬ֻ˾˷ܣ
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ʱգûʲôЧһҪܻͨؼҡһǰ
ϣСˣһΣֱ
һΣ˶һŻԱΪ˵
ˣҪΪϲܷſָоȫ
й顣ʵҲôӰϢĵھ˯ˣֻϲ
ؼҶѡ

齫СңԺҹ令Ŀ
ѾﵽˣҲûٸһһСˣ
ÿ죬һŮӻݣСĹϵһ
ݴøˣܹſ˽ܵĻˡȻĵò£²۸
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ÿʱ򣬶ˬϵҲû¶˼
˶С˵˵ǸеʱզˬġҲС
Ƕˣˬ϶ر淨ţ
˵˵ǸеĶզġ

ʵϸ˵˵ôsm̵ģС̧˵
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sm̵ݣ˵û̫̼ҸǴź
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Ҳ̾˿ԶС˵˰ɣϹɶ㣬㲻ȱ
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ΪСӲʹˣڱԽԽ̬ˣܲ˵

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¡ʵȻ˼֮һ仰û˵¾˯ˡ
죬öʱ֪һˣ˵ǲ̫
̬ˡ

һݾһʱСȰˣС
ѹıߣҲڼװ˯ˣȰС

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     622 Ȫ

ƪռʼдݣڶڵһ죬
㡢㣬ȥȪĸˣȪߴ齫ǰݣ
д˶ʵĸо漰Ů˼ĸӹϵɾǰĲ֡

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ʡ

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ģ绹ĤĸϸһţСǴ
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ǳŵģϵڴߣָоҲݲ̫ã
ܹ֮˳׷ſԷĻ

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Сһ䡣ʵŮ֮䶼СģС
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ൽģ˸൱Ȼˣ֮еĸ࣬ȻǸˡһͦϲ
ƨ۶ܽܲƨ۶Ǳŷƨ۶Ҿ;
̹

С԰ϲãŮ˱Ե÷ǳ⣬Щ
߶綼Сͷ˵궼ͦԾģ˵
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˵´лһԣ˸ղŹĻҲˡ

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˵飬ſڱģ̫̹ˣ˼С
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ˣ˶ʶġ˵ͦǰڸϹ
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624 Ȫĸ

ȥȪ֮ҲǸǰйذɣҿʵ
øǿˡΪҿʼʶ֡ǿЩ
ŮԵı뱻ǿ顢ּ飬˷ܣ
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ʵűֵԻ룬ѾпʮˣӸն¾Ϳʼˡ
01ĵԣʱҾϽӴsm֪ԼǸġ
ʵԼǸģ֪sm֮ǰԼѾˣİɣ
ֻǽӴsm֮ǰȫЩڻûн֮ǰӡӰ
ǿ顢ּľͷҾͻ᲻ɵؾú˷ܣºҲǿҵԻ롣

֪ԼǸ֮ǰΪǸģڽӴsm֮ǰұ
˿ֵԻ룬Ӵsm֮󣬱øǿ˸ˣ
֮󣬱øˡȻҪϽʵ֣һ
ģҪ˼̡

ˣӽ쿪ʼڿҽʵϣصҰɡ
Ϊڸʶⲻʲô̬ؼܹȫˣ֪
ΪңʮԻ룬ŵ̡ҽʵ
ֵģʵڰūʵֶһԸ

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һ֮ŵΪһĿվĹӣʻһĿ
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е˵ڶ׶Ρ˽·֣Ҿȷ
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ŷ֣ѶȣǺѶȡ

ҵģѣһЩУӵĺѣûôϸĹΪҶУӣ
˼ģ˼ҲġҪѵĸоܸ㣬ȻҪϤ
εĲУңѣѼ˵ЩУӣûϤ档

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ϣŷչʵĺܴܣŵ˿ӦðѺ·˿
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ԭĿģҽܸУӣΪҪ
ҵģͨڣ̳ķʽϵд뷨
Ҳ˿УӡȻԴһҪȸĵܹ
ˣѵݽܸ㣬ڽϵѣѣ
ȻҵģѣѺ롣





˵ʮҲˣ̲סҪ²һڵĺܶɫ
ѣ̫ûˡ

˼ҹŴ˿Ьϣòſ
״Ԫϸž˿ûõöٺҲ
񣬿ϻġȻںܶԸĵ
˿ȤģԷĵԴ֣ϸȻ
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û׺ġ

ڣ̳ӣ˼˵ѾˣӼңѣ
ȷʵͦࡣȻڣ˼˵㹻ӵд
Щˣʹüңѣѵˣ󲿷ֶû׾ͼӵģȻʵû
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ģէһͼҵģѣѣȼϺȫ֪Ȼ
ΪʲôҪҡӽ˰ģǶٿһ˼ȫȻûϸ
˺ѺҲҪʡֻвʮ֮һģϸҿ׵ģ
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ңѣѵһٶУӣٷ֮ʮϵģûҷ
ͼӵģҲֻǰѷڽ̳ӣظ·һ顣ʹ
һٶУУгһ뿴׵ģȻʵȻû
ϸʵڿĵģҲֻǸУӣӵˡ

˵㣬ǷܿΪ׼˵һɸѡ֮ʣµģ
Уӣһɣֻ˵ԳУӣԣ⣬ڿ
С˵ˮƽϾǣԸУӵģҲָֻУ
ӣӵˣ治ҵҪжߣ˵̫ˡ

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ҵģǶҵĵһֵ̣ʣµģУӣ󲿷ֻǲ
⣬Ϊʲôһūĵ̣иǣȻñ
ߣٱиǣһƬ֮Ͼʲôʱ
ȥҵģɼֱ˿Цãô˧УӣĿ϶ϲ£

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˲Уӡ֮󾭹һȷԽܸģֻʣ
һҲʣµУӽȫûĸҽ

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˵ģɣעüˣȻͣˣ²˸¼ģ
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飬Ǹ׼ǸְҵϷҡѾüûˣϸ
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ܹʵģ˺ôֻҵһУӣԾλΰ硣

УӵĽܲ룬ֻðʶУӣܵҶ
һСһǵǸգǲ
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һ󴮣㶼Ǽ꣬ͽɡ

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㲻ڼֱûֳɵģߣͲ֪ôˣʱֻ


òҵĸʵģСƸ硢˲ʡģΪ˻
ܲģҲֻʱָǣôҵŮġ

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㵱ȻҪдɵռǣº󷢸Ϊ˵ҡ

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Ҹյ¼ϣѣѣҷƬһ
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һϹź㲻ҪȢϹ£

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˵ۼλҵĹŮҪ飬Ų
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ģģ͵Ŵˣӵĸо

ַһţӭҸЦĻ˵ðҪ
ҵĻҾȢ㵱ϹɣǸҲź̹ңԺר
Ÿź˯ɡ

Ҳ㷢ȥһ˵аɣ̶ͦķݶϣ
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湻İɡ

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˴ԵĴǰȫ¶һְִӡ

ӣǱ׼Ů͵Ị̇·ʱ򣬿ȥ
ܴΪͨǴص·ȫ¶ʱԳƵǺ飬
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ʱǰСŵĺţڶ硣

һ½ˣ㣬ʶˣĵͦҼ
棬ȫĹϵǼѡ

μӵһϷУ絫ŷչʵĺܴܣ
統ȻǺؽ룬ȫֻǾ
̡λͦõģʺܸߺʵϣŵǲαװ£
Ȼȫľǫزʣѣ
ҵȻǺصģʦ

ĶһĶ죬ܶ˶ⲻ˻֣ᷢ
ϣֵŮˣһͻǰעⱣءҺĵ̾
ʱ˵ҵһʱ˵̬ලʣ˶Դ˾
идΪạ̃ԭҲζ

˵غܱ׼ȻƽʱעⱣ֣Խһ
ʼעʳȥ궬ҲලʣǾҺ
ලעʳ䵽ļϣԻ
̫˵һʼͱˣĻ

粻αװ£ԼලעʳΪᵽˣ
һ棬ȻҲ鵽˵ĳɷڣִеĿνǳ档
ΪôͷڣǰЩּʱڶ
㣬˳ڼලʵġ

翪ʼ󣬴ŵġȥ
һըСԳҪը̲סҲ˸ը㳦
ڼලʣº͸磬ˣ
һͷܾǶӦʵڣҵʱֻһţ
ҲֻǴˣĶԻҲƾӡ󣬴дġ

㣬˵̰˲
ǰţ͹ܲסǰɣȻϹͺӳȥˣ·ˣһ˿
ңǰȥڶˡ

˵ⷬԭҽģǸҶ˵ľ
պ«ư˵ģԳƵƣ簴Ҹ˵ģ
պ«ưݱġ˵ģǹ۵ġ

װ˺ܺµĿӦ˵ˣ֪
ˣѾѹˣ򵽾ǰˡַһϢ
͡ˣư˸ը㳦Ϊȥģ
ʵûסų˵ģѾ֪ˣξưɣƵϹ
ͺӣʱˣƴ·ɡ

ʵûȥǰΪ˵ʱһ˿ңվͷǰģ
ǶӦڣӦ硣

˼ලʵģô
ܱˡϻֻžӣһƬ˷
˿ǲˡ

㰴Ҫͷǰһգ緢
˵ˣĺעʳһҲû֣
Ŀء֪ˣˣƴ·ɣ
ƵϹͺӣڼҸĿʱġ

ʵھǰţú÷ʡһ
Ϲŵվ·Уεĳͷûأ
°ˣϸϹҸɣˣʻܲס죬
Ҫúóͷһ¡

˳Ӧ˵龰ֵúܺµذһǱ
·˵ˣϹ˵и
Էȥ˼棬˵ĳͷʮ͵ûؼˣһ
⡣

ϳԷûڶֳ
ˣ̰췸ˣҳԷĻ첻㡣

ţϿͷӦˣˣ֪ˣԺ
Ҳ̰ˣˣξưɣԺƿ϶ˡ


ʵһҲ֣˼ӦŮģ
ҾãԵøջ󡣲ŮûϲֵģĿأһֱ
ǿ˵ǰֵ

ղ˵Ļ㶼˵˶ٻˣĻ㳤ˣ
ȻϱߵϹܲסأͳͷ±ߵƨ۶
ʺʱƨ۶ۣܹעϱߵ졣

ˣˣҪҪͷƵƨ۶ˣˣ
ĵطɡ

ڣֱӽ뵽˵ġ졹
㵱ܳͷСϷȣ˵졹̵ʱ
Ҳǰ·չģԴȵԾ

ٺĵݣ㣬ƨļټͣ
ƨۡƵǰ˴̼ڣȻһߵ㣬
һĵǰߣܣ߻û߳ǱѾߣˣ
ĵ̣Ҳ˶ˡ




    СƸĵ

硢СƸ硢ˣּ֮ʱǰ
СŵĺţСƸ硣

һ½ˣСƸǸƼĹԱڵλ
ֽɫһ˵ҲǸ˿ɡǸİߣҲҪ
ε̣ҲƼģؼУӵĽ룬
СƸΪҲͦõģҲصģʦͷ
Ե˿˵ɵɶ׵ġ

СƸϽ磬㣬ʱ㱻
ÿ쵽߳ˣ˵ϣȴӷϣ
Ƶͷõƨļټͣƨһ
Ħ̼١ĿĵȻҪĸ̵߳ĹУ
ʵΪŮ

Ϊ˵˵ѵԵˣʱ
ԽǰСƸ˵ͦĻʱȹˡ

ͷϴ߶󣬹زûκӰ죬
½ѣƵҵӰ죬СƸ˵
ˡ˶СƸľ˵Ҳû˵̫
ʵҲû̫˵ģΪСƸûһᣬĵǰߣˡ

СƸǿҪ߳ˣȰ̵һθ߳Ȼ
㣬㰴СƸķʽûһͰԼ̼˸߳С
ƸͬʱҲԼߣˡĸ⣬
ּ㣬ΪУһˣȻҲ͵ˡСƸ
Ҳߣ˶ˡ

硢СƸ磬ûߣˣû
ƵģǱȿƬ̼̫̫ˣǾģʮ
оŸϣûı𲻷Ҹ
Ƶ̣϶ᵽˣ˿տʼʱҲʵ
Ƶģʵ̼Ϊ˵˷ܸУ
ġ

ȻҪҵһܹƵ̵ģһģ
˵˼ģиһϣѣѺѣܹƵ̵ģ
˵ҪǳڰȫĿǣܵҪ˴Ϥһĳ̶ȡ
˵Ǿ仰˵ź˼ģ˼Ĳܺúź㡣
ںöνУӣƵ̶ûΪû򵥵



  ĵ

ǰСŵĺţһģֵСܵܡ

ɶ¶ҪȻּܳУҪһҪ
ܵܵͷϣ˭СأҲֻŵһˡ

ˣǸְҵϷңְҵϲã
ܵءŮء߸ء˿أĸϣﵽ˼
ĳ̶ȡڵʱҪźؽУ
ּ飬ȻǸҪϲˡ

ͣУʱҪϢһᣬûҪ
㣬һ׺ɫƷȹ洩˰׳£ɫ˿࣬
ϴһ˫ɫĸ߸ЬȻǴŴϵװ

㱾·ģŷǳ·ƷоĶȹװҲС
ġʶܲŮ˵ʣݡְҵģһҲû
Ϲ࣬˿ƷȺװĸоʵʲ̫ãԼͦ
Ť

ԴǰʼϣѾʮƵˡ
ÿζҪ󣬴˿Ʒװ̣Ϊ
˺üζø⺢ĵͦõģϲȽ⣬
ľ黹ǺܷḻģؼܰĵãϲòȤġ

ͱС˽ʮ꣬㲻̫ϲ̣
ذĵãоԼСܶУŪиǿ˷ܸиǿ
Ҳϲϱˡ

Ůصкܶ࣬˼ܵĵģԼܰѰö
Ӧʵģȴûж١ʵܲԼϲãиү
ĺõֻǿԼŬܲʵ˿ҲԼ
ġ

鱾Ůء߸ء˿أḶ́˵ͦ˾
ô̼ģϸ˵ûʲô̼㡣

ô˿Ʒȹװ㣬ڵǰ
ķʽοʼҪ㣬ȹ¶Ƶͷ棬
Ƶ¶壬Լɫ˿˫ȣҪ߳ʱٰƵ
ͷƵ￴㣬Ҫο߳ʱı顣Ϊ
С˺̫ܶ࣬˼ֱ㣬Ǵֶ˵ԵĻ
ӦҲҪ˵ʲô

ӦλܵܣﵽµŮء߸ء˿أΪʲôϲ
ĵ̷ʽýʹҲˡĹ̵ͦģ
û硢СƸʱͰԼߣˣҲ̵
θ̶߳Թߵ˵Ǿĵؽŵģ
ϸ˵Ҳûϸ˵

Ŷиһϸڣֵ˵˵ġÿοҪ߳ʱ
㣬۾ͷҪ㣬ڸ߳ʱ۾

൱ŮָоŮصк˵Ȼ
ǷǳǳģܹĵŮᡣ




    㱻ֺܽ

ĸּḶ́˵Ǻܶݣʵʳ˽С
ʱ֮ǰΪ׼ʱ䣬׼ʱҲио
һ磬ڱּḶ́һﵽĴεĸ߳

֮ȻĸѾˣ
º󻹵ʰ£ܱϹһεּ飬쵽
ʱˡ

ǰּ飬硢СƸλ鲻ģ
ʱͰԼߣˣûȫﵽԤЧˣ
ǶúģؼΪǵ⡣

ڿͷȽܵԭûдεĵռǣºϸ
˵αҺҵ֣Һҵ
˵ĸоǱ˺˵ѣڼ
ּһһ̶ܴȵ㵽ˣֵĻ롣Ȼ
û˵˼ʼϲּ飬ʵ汻֣ֻ
ʣһ֮ң

ʮһǰˣ̫㣬ּ飬
ʲôܵܽᣬֻڷʱô࣬ҲֻǴ˵ôˡ






϶вɫ뵽ʵֵĵУ˿Ϊ
ˣǷǳӭҼġ

ôһģʽԼô룬жѾдú
òרŸˡûʲôʵҪҲûʲôΪ
ϲô棬ҪȹһأֻܹΪʲô
ҲѾдúҲרŸˡ⡢׵ģ˿Ҳû
취ˡ

ǰʵֵĵ̣Ǵ̵Ľ׶Σ
Ҫ㹻ʲôõĵ̴⣬ںԣ
׬ܹͼ¸˼˵ģҲѡ
˽š

иλɫѣ˵̫Ƭˣ½ᵽˣ㷢ҽ
յ£иǸ˵㴩Żɴ˺Ӱ
ôԹд⡣ѽѾ˵úˣǴҷգ
ΪһżȻĻᣬҴææֻ˼šƬڣ
Ӧʵǲģĵ̴⣬оͲҪ
ˡһҿ֮ˣ˵ôҪ׻ɴ
㲻Ҳ

ڶ̵ʵڽʱ뵽δʱˣһ
ʲôʱ£ͲǱ˿ܾ֮ǰѾŵˣڡʮ
һڼ䣬Ŵα̵Ļģһ£ڡʮһڼ䣬Ӧÿ
ģûųҲֻǵȼں










   𶯱


ʵֵĵУ뵽δʱԶе
ּ项ֻ̣ǵȷд

Һ濪ʼģϵѾˣȻǶ
йܶĵ̣ҲҪдܶռǡŵǰеġּ项
̣µݵĹУȴǰдĺܶռУѡ
ַ㹫ҴϲģµȴڰɣҲôҸõ˽⣬
һʲôŮġ

˻ʣôҪģºѵ̶̹дʵ
ϲô

ڣ棬עĸܣºѱ̵Ḷ́д
˿ĸодȻʵֻдԼ˿ģܹ
Ҳÿε㣬Ҫдռǣֻ
ʱдʱ򡣱ǰһ˵ǴΡּ项̣㡸ʮһ
ڼ䲻дҾûзҪһд

⻹Ҫ˵һ㣬дĵռǣʵֻдԼ˿ģ
д̵ĿģΪܹдĹУ鵽㣬
д˿ĸодġʼûȷע⵽дռ
ʱд˿ĸодܹ󣬺ȷע⵽
һ㣬ҲͿʼȷҪңලָодǰ淢
дĵռǣ׼ȷʱ䣬ñȽϸģӦע⵽һ㡣

Ҫдռǣ˵ҪдģҶһֵ̣
ʵϲôһҪôռдøãҿ㷢
ҵĵռǣҪʦѧĵĻñȽϸģӦҲ
ע⵽ˣдĵռǣԽдıԽá

԰ɣǰ½ڶᵽʵΪķġʶһ
£άֺĵĹϵһ¡

һ·ļƪռǣȥ궬ʱдġʱҺѿʼ
ʵģϵΪ֮ǰûôʵ̣ʱҺʵ
̵ƵҲܵͣڴ絽ʵӦСڼʵûʲô
ֵ̫ÿ˵ģŮСˣѡ
д⼸ƪռǣǺֵһġ

⼸ƪռģһţŮڽ
ôʵɵĹУԼڵģϲã֪
¹۵㡣ûʲôݣϸǺܴеģҲҵŮ
ĵģ濴һɡ

㷢ҵռǣǷҵģѣڱעĺ
˵ȥ꣬Ծͼ򻯵¡հɡռǺı⣬Ҹݼ
ģĿΪ˷Ķеĵط漰˸˽΢
ɾ޸ģϻǱˣдռԭġ



£նʶ

ǳ䣬Ҳãѽд齫Ҳȥûţ
дŵʱ䳤ˣȻȻд

αװˣʵʾǱƺƨ۶ˣƨɶˣҪ
˵Ĵ󼦰ͣݺݵزҵıƺƨۣҪƤݺݳҵƨɣ
Ҫصҡ

ھãʼ˵ǰԽԽչʾԼʵһ档
ָоҾú߳ܣҲҾúϲΪô߶ˣ
˵ĵ׵Ļ

ڼд뱻ˣ˷ţ˵һεķϻʾ
뱻ˣɸæ¡ʵⲢˣԼǸϰ
ˣûܼĸ˽һʱ˿϶
ˡ˴Ӳңȥһ˵ĵطһ
绰´һҾúĵָ

˵ĵ绰Ҿúܽš˷ܡ߳ܡܸж˷ռ
ҪɡڵңԽԽˣǷȫ˵ʵ
ūûö⣬˵Ļ˵첻ʰһأѾܲ
ˡ

˸´ĵָҪóеϸһ飬
ȻÿĸԲͬڶӦĸвλ̼һ飬һ
һ߸ᣬܽһôõʹãеĺü


ΪֻмȰеȫ˳ŷ֣Ȼ
ʮһҲ֪ʽֱ֣ǽʲôֻƾԼĸо
ˡ

˫ͷģȫһģǴһǳģ
һԲģһغС˫ͷѾõú
ˣģŶһΣ˵ҪӦ˵ƣԲ
̼ٵġҺϲǸ˵ģͣ
Ǵ𶯵ģоͬʱԲĴ̼٣ܴܿﵽ
߳ȻҪл˵̵úãʵҺüǰ˫ͷ
ϹʱʹùϹ̫ãҲ̫ãоһҲãֻ
ξͲˡ

ߵС״ɫ̫һ
һģǵذһңصĿءҲϲң
ΪǶεڱԴȥܴ̼
Ϊǰ棬СõŦ۵أ
𶯸в̫ǿûõغеǿֱӴ̼߳Ҫ
ϵĴ̼Ҳ㹻ˡҺϲңȥ
촩·಻ˣѾܳʱûôˡ

Ǹʽֲ֪֣С״
棬ҲõغģںģһΣӦ˵ƨۡ
ҷǳϲҲܺ£Ϊƨ۵ģһ
õغģ𶯺ǿҡص㿪ҵģƨۣʹ
ҼϲǡʵҵƨۣͿˣ
ѾʮĸؽˣһǱϹ֮ˣٵģ˲ֻ
ҪؽңҪŰҵƨۣԻҪҵƨۡŶҡ
д˾Ͳɾˣڵ˵ѾֱЩˡ

ͷʽҲ֪Ҳ֣ʵ
һĸÿһСӣǼͷϣ̼ͷġ
ͷʵʵ˵ҲǺϲãΪʲô˵̫ãǸ
̫áҸϲģǱ֣Ȼˣ˾͸ˣ
ʹͷҧͷҲú˷ܣϼСӣ
𶯵ģüȲǺҲû̫ǿ˷ܸС˺ң֪
ҲϲͷûʹùΡ

һǰĦʽҲ֪Ҳ֣״
Сʽ۴Ħ𶯴̼вλġĦ
Һϲãϲ̼鷿𶯵һˣĲλ
о鷿ܸ𶯣úʵģָоһ㣬
ĦΪ۴ĦòźصزԹ
ŵױ̨ϣ̫ʱҲʹáǡѾ벻Щ
ˡ

һǰĦʽҲ֪Ҳ֣״
СһƤ򣬶Ҳģȼģ̼Ǻе
ڲ࣬ԼŤȡĦҲǳϲΪ
˸ģؼȤرοʱ
˵ҪӦ˵ƣһΣĦȼ䣬
оӵ˷ܡ

ģĳһˣȻһ֣ߣھʮһ
֮ࡣȫó˾Ȼʮһ֮࣬Ҿ̫߳ˣ
Ϊŷ֣֪侹ôҪҿô
˸ղŽָȻȲţҪһһˡ



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㵱ʱǶдڼʱܳԣƪռдúܳΪ˷
Ķɾмˮ˵һ֣Ǽ˱ֳַġ

ȫѹˣůǲȣյůĸоãֻ
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滹ŵģ¶͹㣬Խס
úоġ鲻Խذ˼ջֻ̬˼Ƭ
˷˹ȥΪæţûи˷ֻ˵ģ


ڶԸ˷գѾͻˣȻûʽ
Ͽ˵ģѾܹ㹻ˣоԼջʱ
̲ס͡ŮΪüݣʮԺҲ
ˣ仰еĺ塣Ҳֻ˿ĵ
ƬͬҲϹģȻϹûˣϸ顣

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ƨɵ棬Ϊڱص㿪ƨۣ˵Ҫ
ʾ£Ȱһ𶯿غԼƨ
СĸϾڣƨۣҵʱ
ˣϾͣش

һ˫ͷѳεģˣƣ档棬ƨ
棬һϾ͸ؽüûˣ
˫㴰صĺϣϹڼҵʱ򣬴쾹ȻԼڼ
ô߳ܵ飬е˵ֱ̫߳ˡ

ոտʼû˫ͷУԲεһȥ̼Լ١
ΪôĻûһ͸߳ˣȻϲ߳ڱ̵ʱ
򣬲ܿ͵߳ڵο˵ο
ڱ˵̣Ҫأ˵ʱ˳

žſƣţһģ۾ĬĬظ
ţ˺ܳʱ䣬ֱڼֲסˣһͷԵ˴ϡ
ֱ̫ˣ֪ôݵǷɵ˿УŬطɰ
ɰȻڼֲסˣϵǵһ޻ϡ

˴ϣѳ˺鲻Խѹ
Ľ£¶ֻ鷿˴ϡͷ治ϲ
ʹ˵ҵʱҲǿȸʹãûá˰Ħ
̼صشֻ̼鷿ֻ鷿Ȼһֻ
֣ûԲεŵϡ

ܿҾʹﵽ˵һθּ߳š飬Ϊ
˳УѾǲˣʵдˣﵽ˼θ߳
ûмסڱã̫ˣȻһθ߳

һŮˣϲθ߳أԣҲǣұ
̫˰ɣ



    £ձοʱ׷

ƪռǵĵ֡

˺üθֱ߳ƣˣҲͣ־Ȼ֪ȫ
ѹˣҾȻûио䣬ó˱ƺƨӸǵ
ϡڱϢһᣬ鲻ԽػҪһθ߳Ϊǰ
˶οʱ˱İɣůıɵ
Ҫοһθ߳ȻΪڱԽԽˡ

һ˫ͷ˺ܳʱ䣬Ѿûжٵˣר
ùһ˫ͷѳ棬˵Ҫ
ƣһΣȻǸԲùǸĦ
ȼģ̼źеĴڲࡣĵλúܵͣһֻԲ
͵ش̼٣һֻֻ鷿ڱﾲο

ڱﾲοţҲػ¶µŮ
ʱڱοʱ龰

ʱ˯ĻǿǺ͸硢㣬˯һſϡ
ÿ굽˶죬һ˯һ硢㶼չңÿ˶죬
˯ң˯м䣬˯ͷ˴ѧֻʣҺͽ㡣
̻Ůοʽģǽ㣬͵οʱѧģʱǸ
Ůְ֡趼̫ϲοʱ򣬻Ằһܻ
к֡ұȽԵĺֻܶ࣬Ҷڱǽ˯ź󣬲Ÿ
͵͵οɺ㿼˴ѧСͺܹԵĺӣȴж
ûпϣڵңȴǱˡ

һοһ߻ǰ£뵽ûϴѧҵ˼
ˣר֮󣬴ѵĻϡʵһˣϲ
ǰ£뵽Լоõ飬Ͼѡ˻رܡ

һѣܲ˳ú˧Ѿ
ˣʱҴʵ˵ڵĻ˵
ʵҡ쳣ȥңʵΪ˲ңҰϣ
ϲķʽң˾§˯˯˽Ų٣ְֱ֡裬
°֮ǰÿκһĴ󲿷ʱ䣬ǺҲٱˣȰ
ˣͰ˦ˣһµŮѡ룬Ҳͦģ
ְ֡ĴϺΪְ֡Ĵ˫˴õı
ףҲְ֡ġǰͦҵģʵ
뵽ˣˣ֮϶첻ãΪŮ͵Ͳ
ôƭˡ

ֻ䵽رܵĵط˼ˣǰǸˡ

ϹǷ治ˣΪżȻһλᣬһˣʵûʲô
飬ϲѣˣڻαʲôѽϲٱƣ
ɣΪ׳ҼرϹļ;ͺܴˣ˵ļҲ
ܴ󣬵ûĴ󣬴ֺϲϧ˼ʹ󣬲ô
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ˡ

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