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ٵŮСϣΪ־ҪŮһծŸɫĸиҵȴֱԼ˵ŮǣӦúȥδأ


001¡Ůϰһ

ɽˮеһ֮һɽˮ㣬˽ܵ飬ԴչҵѾγһҵɽľҲ˸ɽÿϽɵ˰ռˮв֮һϣԣˮе쵼طҲжӣҪǮǮҪ˸ˣһҲӴٽɽķչʹɽľһѭĵ·
СһϣǰһԺĵһԼʮ꣬˽üĿһװңʾ˵ǿ׳͸ϴŵһ˿ɢЦݣȴʹ˿ƽ׽ˣӣȻŮеİˡ
һߺ͵ԱǴţϰҷԺһŵָƵ֮¶˼ĵЦݣվԺŤӯҷߵ˵ǰʲôѽϡѽСԣˮҷԼʮ߰ӣɽϵҲ֪򳤺ǽʲôӣȴ֪ҷΪҷɽԶһ֦Ȼʮ߰ˣļȴͬӤһĽۣµķ˪ûʲôӡ෴ģ˼ֳķϣħģʹŰٷ֮һٶʮɱ
ҷԼһңһŵָƵ֮ˮĴ۾һתԽʮ꣬ܵ˵ĻȥˣӣƵС죬ڴʵĳ֮£ԵýΣ˿Ժ޲ҧһڡ
µ٣ͬ˶߽ĵĻʦľһģĴһҲһ˿覴˵еĻҲЦݶ۽¶ļ΢ɼβˣβƲûӰ쵽沿У¶Ϊַ飬˴һ־޵ĸо
һĲ棬һԲһԽʵСӣƤĽԲ߸ߵĳǰĹΣʾΪŮ˽ʱȻѾʮˣǴҷŮȴһ˿Ҳ´ӣ෴ģԲİ֮£ǶԷͼͦôĽʵôĳ˵ԣһͬŮһ˼ϾһҪǶԷӯͼͦץúõİ棬һĸо
Բڿúܵͣ͵ʹѩɽıԵڵĵ׶˸¶˳Ҳ֮£¶СӵıԵļһмγһ˶ɢĵζʹɵİһڿˮ
Բͼͦŵýıϣ͸ԲԿõİųķ֮ͦϵӡӣָȫɢַ˼˵ķ顣
ƽ̹СʵмɢĶϢȴñī޷ݵģ֫ڴϵĻ֫һ˻겻Ļ˴һͬһܡ
һɫĽ㣬ԶֺĽ㣬츾°˵ģҲǰչ˳˽ʵƣڽİ֮£ֳһĸо
ɫĽ㣬츾˼ĸоʹҷ˿ӵ޳Բĸоÿһ˿Ժ󣬶Ϊ֮Ķġ
ħģĳϣַ飬ҷôܲɽԶأټֿһ꣬ԣɽүǣ¶ᵽһ£ΪҪͷΪ˽һ츾ַ飬˳ٿûлԺ׽ҲֻЩүԼˣЩڼŮǣǻ֣Լɷôһȥ˶ʮͷ
ģɽһ˽ŷ䵽ɽΪΪֳͣøߴӢּϲĹһѾɽĩ޵ŮˣһԴ꣬ҷԺ󣬸ģһˣʱʱǰĦȻΪһݣÿһҷԸģһȥҲϤ
ڿ츾ЦӯӯվԼǰһɵ΢΢һЦ㣬㿴㣬ÿһ㶼ôôææ




002¡ϰ

һһ˵ţһ۽ǵ츾һŵָƵԼϴǵ츾һԲİ֮·˵Եĺ֮ļͦʱ۽ǲԾ£ҲԲķ¹¡
ӣѡɽûѡأ˵ҿƯŮˣ͹ǰŮˣֵҷźĹˣǺǣһѽһɵüǿˣɽǵŮӣɸǾɫУɾ겻ΰҵˡ뵽Щһ¶һ˿ײŵЦݣƾһڴѧʱһÿĸŮı£ԸЩˣӦⲻɣɽŮǣһרΪǶģǿɲҪʧѽһѧҵԺھҵϺ͸ĸ˼ҵִһĸĸòһѧȻϣڳΪСȻԽöˣҲһķչ
һȴҪɽҲ֣ܳˮеҪ쵼ĿⶼɽǵģԼӻ𣬴õĻǸԼչĵ·
һĸĸֲһҲֻ֮֮ˣԣһŻ糥Ըɽ򣬵ȻһԸĸ˵ɣܰڵ˵ģǻһģҲҪһɣȴһԸˣĸ˵ġ
ѧʱһиѾɽģһǸѵļȥ죬ʱһģһЩɫ㣬ŮǸʱһа¹ģлᵽɽĻԼһҪݱɽŮ
Щ˰ȨЩ˰ŮɫЩ˰ýǮһȻҲףõģȻŮʮֵϲַֽŮѹԼ£Լǿĳ֮תչӣΪһŻãǸʱԼһ߸ϵĵ
Ϊ뷨һ˸ĸķԣɽ򣬶ҷԺһһʱ侪Ϊˣںɫһֵ츾ܸԼѹ£ǶԼһ֤ԣһľͻҷĵ
ڿҷЦȻĿԼһɵ΢΢һЦ㣬㿴˵ģҵܸʲôѽȻôǶûмˣûѽҷĬȤһҲкøУһһ˵ԺҷɵĸһЦ˵ˣҲòأұţˣôأȴû뵽أˣϬѽ츾Цһ¶ѩ׵ŮıԵĲ䶯ţû˵ĲˣջԼ򣬶ҷĻҲ֪츾뵽ʲôһŵָƵ΢΢һ죬ӵĶˡ
ҷôãһȻ֪ҷԿʣҲϲЦô˵ţҲӵţֻһԼǵģѾҪĶ˵ȴһвɵ΢΢һ
һ촽һҪٵЦҷ䣬ҷȴȿˣǲǻϹѽҷ˵ϹأָĦҷһ˵һ˵ЦҷĻǵ˵ͷԣ㣬ǰǰĹɣ򳤸ʲôãǵɩӻؼһˣҲһ£ô˼ء˵һɵԺﷺֳһ˵Ӱ˵ӰȻ򳤷˵ˣǸٻӰһһԺһǾͲɵ¶˼ааЦˡ
ҷɲ֪һڴʲô⣬һһ˵Ժ󣬵˵ͷתϴ̨˹ȥãɣϴһͷȻģƾҵļұ֤ԺȫСӶΧתġһ˵ͷҷ󣺡㣬㿴˵ģ˭֪ļѽҪ˵ɽŵڶ˭Ҳ˵ԼŵһģȻҲרžˡһһ˵Ż۾һʶҷӯӯŤŵһ·£գĿͣҷһںɫ֮µķ˵Ե֮ϡ




003¡ϰ

һ츾ȻѾʮˣһȴôĻԲ̣ͦû˿´ͬŮһĳ˵ԣˣɢǹɵĳϢȴָһһֱ˵ܡ
ڣҷ·ƶҡţڿ֮лһһĹΣ͸ɫĽϿ㣬һĿóڳİ֮µϵļ⣬нɵţʾŵԺ˿Ժ̲סҪȥһ¡
ҷڳİ֮º֮ӣһȻҲȻĶǿ˿ŵ˶һȴֻǿסĵĳ嶯Ǹֵ츾ϴ䡣
ҷĵɽһңԵȻʮֵĿĦȶֵúܣϴһߵСһشԺһҷҪϴ̨ϣҷԼϴͷ
һԴӼҷԺ󣬾һֱΪˣһӽ츾õˣͨӴһã츾Լƺ̫ᣬһʱʱĸԼһصЦԣһãԼܵҷһҷĸ߳ĦԼЦֵ츾䣬Լ˵ʵһܡ
Ҳˣһֻãҷ޹ǵС֣ԼͷƤϴ궯ţϴҺСֵһԼѾЩֲЩҷСֵЩϴҺˡ
ҷһĸһϴͷһ߶һո˵Ҫ򳤷˻ϼһˣ򳤶ʶúѽһ΢΢һЦΪǶҵʶȴΪģֲǲ֪ٵļӶúܵģЩٵĸ̺һԸ򳤵أ˵ĻˡҷȻһЦһ˫ˮĴ۾һô˵ءһ۾ҷǴϿһȴҷһŵָƵΪߣѾҷһ½İ֮µķ˵Եķסˡ
һǶԷ飬ҷĶ΢΢ţϿʹһã츾һԷøӵļͦ˶˵Ϣһвɵ΢΢һţҷôһ㣬һԷ᲻ΪöԼϣӶԼһҷķĶϢء
һڿˮԺһĵ㣬Ҳûʲôˣ㳤ôƯôᣬҲܺãߣһܣҪʲôɩӵߣǿɾͲˣҿǲ˵һ仰һģȻһ״ҿɾҪˡҷһһ˵Ĳɵһһ˫ˮĴ۾УҲ¶˼ֹŹֵЦݣı¿ѽȻҵǰ˵򳤷˵Ļѵǰһ״ôҪ֪ĳͣҺĹϵ㲻ءһ΢΢һЦ㣬ͲҪˣҵСҷͻȻĴЦһЦţһߵĿ㻹ĺĬأҿѽСϣĵˣǺǣ˵СĻҿϾûеӴˡһҷЦһ½İ֮µķ˵Եķ飬ͲɶƵĲԼǰ˵ˣ˵һĿҲ͸¶һ˿ȣһϲ˵һһĵĵ㣬ô˵ءҷһһۣ˵ĵӻô˵˵ڵ۾ڿѽҷһ˵һвɵһ̧ͷҷȴҷҧ촽һŵָƵ֮¶ЦЦĿ⿴Լ
ҷĻһȻ֪ԼոսҷԼϴͷʱ͵زľٶѾ츾һƤٺ񣬵ʱȴ̲ס΢΢һ죬һʲôڣҪԼոյΪ͵ʱͻȻһĻһȴͷ
ԭҷʱҲ֪⻹⣬ȴԼظͦһʹһԷ飬һǰӵͻ˳һܿõķ˿Ѿ¸߸ߵĶһֻһС




004¡ϰ

˿̵ҷվһߣ忿һͷһʹ츾֮˸ĵطúһĿһƽӵĽǶȣһһתͷͿҷ壬һӣһвɵ΢΢һ
ټϸոҷľٶһã츾ƺԼոմ󵨵ľٶһĵӲɵĴǣһᣬʼܵĵط
һڳİ֮£Ǹطһ˵Ϣ΢΢ĹţͬһһģɢڵջԼ񾭣һŮԵеϢҲǸطɢ˳Լı棬Լһӱÿ
ʱ˽ҷҷתͷȥվ˵˻һᣬͷ̧һ㣬װҪҷ˵˭ӣһͷȴҷܵĵط˹ȥ
һ£ҷܵĵطһǰͱøӵһĿõɫĿߣǸ˵һΪ΢΢Ĺ˳γһε״һȻ֪ǸʲôˣĳһλѾ̧ͷļ
ԼͷҷܵĵطԽԽһоζ˱ԽԽζȻ̫ţȴǺܴ̼˵񾭵ϢܵĴ̼һоԼЩڸ
һ̣һĺһֱͷҷܵĵطţֱԼͷ뵽ǸطԼȥһķ֭ĸоԼȥ̽ѰһŮԵİ֮УԼҵֿĿֵĸо
ǾһͷҷܵĵطԽԽԼܸоԼıǼѾܵ˴ɢȵϢ֮£ҷȴѾ˵˻תͷԼһ֮£ȴҲֻһµӡ
ҷɲ֪ڸոԼ˵ʱһѾ͵ԼܵĲλķ羰ҽ˵ӡԺ֮УڲõĽһƾŶĲһֲײǽͷƣڽԼѹ¡
ϴ̨һߵαߣҷһ˷ˣһžҷרĵĸԼŷӣԺֳ︡ģȴҷܵĵطںڳԳİ֮µ˵ӡ
һ֪ǸεҷǴطһǷǳķ֭ģ뵽Ǹطֻҷɷһ˿ãԼȴֻǿ۲һвɵ¶һ˿⡣
һЩ˼ʱȴͻȻоԼֱϴһȵϢһһ֮£ʶԼֱۿ˹ȥԭʱҷվԼ࣬ΪҪԼԭ򣬴ӶʹãĴˣԼֱ˸ȵĽӴȵϢɴ˶ġ
һҷƺרĵĸԼŷһ֮£ĳ鶯һԼֱۣڿҷƺûʲôӦԺһֱۿʼ鶯һ͵һԼֱۣҷ֮ĥ
Ȼһ㳤㣬һȴܸоõҷ֮ϵļôĹ⻬ôĳ˵ԣɢȵϢһĶټϵڣҷרĵĸԼŷƺԼһģһĶҲĴ
ʱҷȴͻȻͣĶһ˫ˮĴ۾һܲʵһѽŪģҪһһͷɲܹѽƹַǹֵӣ
һҷһ˵˼һЦͣжʵʵҷԼ˷ˣ˷Ժ󣬻ҪĦһµģʱһͻȻӵһ绰ֻܷ˰Ħҷ˹ȥ
·ϣһɵ﷢һĻһĻˣҷԼ̬ȣʹΪǻֵһҲЩ׽ĥ͸츾ҲһһξãԼŮ˵ǰûռʲôϷ硣




005¡ϰ

ҷԼ⣬ҲԼЦڿԼ͵زʱûйԼڳ˸Ϊ˵ջԼԼҪһжʱҷȴԸַʽܾԼʱ򣬷Ҳ˵ģԼ⣬ǲΪⳡϵҪأӵĻҷĿţһ;òܸðˡ
һȻԣռȴһǿϣԼһŮˣֻԼһģԼһˣҷͬԼ²еֻΪԼܻӭĻһǲҲء
뵽ҷҲһ϶ֶŵģһ;һŭһȻǲģ뵽һҪҷΪԼŮ˵뷨ɵ˼֣ҷȴʵ̫ˣһȴֲΪԼĲ²ͷŹɫԣд⣬ǾǣлĻ̽һҷҷԼеһˣͳˣҷԼеˣԼҪĽѹ¡
ҷ겢Զһӣ¥һдŸ򳤵İ칫ķſڣһͣ˽ŲԺһԸ򳤣ôﴫһԺһ߽˰칫ң칫һԼʮĸ˿һˣ˵ͷվһˣ㣬˵ɡһ˵ţԸһһԼһˮȥˡ
ɽ򳤣ǣԸеһֽ֥֥Լˮʱһ֥ˡ
֥ȻѾʮˣΪúãȴͬһʮ߰ٸһģڴϣϤˣ˭Ҳ뵽ٸȻѾһѾһʮŮ츾ˡ
ε֮ϣ͸죬һ˫ˮĴ۾в֮䣬ǻһ˿߹ִһ˿츾еģֲͬʣ֥ϽΪĽһʹ֥һ˵ζ
ںڵͷ߸ߵһĲ¶棬ûԼõͷƮɢĲϣѩĲӦȤʹð׵İ׵ûۣڵĺڵء
Ĺϣһ˫ˮĴ۾˻㾦Чʹ֥һ˵ķ飬ɵıӣһΪСɶ΢촽ȴͬ͸˵ӣһģڴʵĳ֮£Σ˿Ժ޲ȥҧһڡ
ѩ׵ĳɫȹĴ֥ϣһǰչ˳ģټɢĸ߹ϢĸˣȡˣһԺ󣬾ͻһˡ
ǰķ齫ǡôĳǰһĹΣȻ֥ķ鲢ҷô˶󣬵ȴԵøӵĽʵǵΣԵôͣôӯ˲ڳİ֮£ǶԷ飬жôˡ
һСƬѩ׵ļ촦¶˳Ҳ֥Ǹ򳤵ԭĴЩأҲֻϵһŦۣʹǰļֻ¶˰ƴСһƬǾССһƬѩ׵ѩʤ˪ļȴ˲ϵıǶôľˡ
ѩ׵ĳİķ飬ʹһǰҲչ˳һóִ֥ŰƵ˿һܽŮǡôĵԣʹøӵˣǲӣҲֻеȵлѵĳܿóˡ
ɫȹýʵʵģԼĿԿõĺۼںɫȹİ֮£֥ʵָ̣ͦһ˿ĸоȥĻָһǷǳġ
ˣȻеˣ֥ݵλʹö֥зǷ֮ˣֻܽеаѹĵұ¶һҲˣȻͱ˲һڶԴŮϣһһɲײǽͷƵģֻԼŵɽûжãһȻ֥ҲŷǷ֮룬ûվȽŸ֮ǰһȻǲ֥ǰ¶ʲôģõԼ椴ơ




006¡Ůһ

ڣ֥һˮһͽϵȹͱĽʵԵ֮ˣһλÿ·ֻҪ֥ٽȥһ㣬ͻὫȹƣչԼǰһġ
Ȼֻ֪һӾϵĸоһȴĿתĿŮ򳤵һȹİ֮µķԵڴԼʵӶԼһ߸ϵĸ򳤵һ˿ҵչԼǰ˸о
ֱ֥ˮӺ˲˵һǰһڴҲûзһֻʧа̾ϢһӹˮԼĶˡ
һ򳤸ո绰ˣ˵ҪɩӻϼȥһˣҪһˣɩӵϼңȥһˣǸطɽˮģֻǽ̫ͨ㣬ˣһҲûлģͿԽϵĹһˡһ磬г͵վȥġһ˵ͷȴû˵Ϊ֥˵Ļ򳤶ѾԼ˵ˣ֥ôżĽԼйԲֻΪ˸Լһ³滰ô򵥵ġԣû˵ǵ֥˵ģҲԼĿ
Ȼ֥ڿһûгԺֽ˵һɽѾʮˣɩƽʱؼҲصò࣬ԣӦþĵĵطҪĵģɲҪ˼˵ɽ򲻶أҵ˼ô˵֥һ˫ˮĴ۾ζĿ˿һ
һ΢΢һЦ򳤣ллңһὫָʾ䵽ʵģɽѾʮˣͿ๦ߣټ࣬ΪԼ鿼ǣЩ飬һҪǵģһɩӷĻؼҵģ⣬ҲһӲɩӵģĺˡһһ˵֥һŵָƵ֮ϲɵ¶˼ɫһĻȻԼ˼ˣһ͸¶˻ὫԼת򳤷˵˼֥һܶ£ж࣬ȴϳΪ¹ʵһøд
һڸ֥˵⻰ʱ۾ȴһֱڶ֥ˣΪ֥һĶģԱǴϥǵȹȹڣȥϥ֮֮һĵطͣһһ˫ˣһ¶һǰˡ
һ֥˿ˮ˿İ֮£С˻Բʵ˷ԣǴɢһһȻĶĸо͸ˮ˿࣬һĿõ֥֮Ϲ⻬ļ
һţ˿֮ϣһʲôָˣϵֳĸоһţˣڴϣ˴һʲôĸоء
֥ɲ֪һڿԼ˶ţ뵽һ˵÷£һᵽԼ˼֥ȻҲúܵģǣ֥ȻһЦһѵģܹ쵼ͼӣԺǰ;϶һƬģ飬㴦˶Ҳкôģɲʧѽ˵ʱ֥ƺǾԼЩˣǺһ˲һ̧һ˴һ֮ϣҲɳĿ֮ϣһһһĶ档
֥޿ɺǵģȴû뵽һȻһԼָʾӣһ˫ۣȴһֱԼ֮ϣԣһʶľٶȴʹ֮ķ羰һǰʯһ¶˳
һ̧֥ȹ֮䣬γһ϶ԼλãȴʹԼÿ˳϶֥ܵĵطķ羰
һƬ׻ļм䣬һźӰһ˵Ȼİ֥ܵĲλɫˣ뵽ԼȻڲ֮俴˸߸ϵŮ򳤵ɫһĲɵȻһ
ȻźӰֻͬʯһһǸһľޣȴһþòƽ뵽űصŮ򳤣ľȻǺɫһڰһڿˮͬʱоԼѾЩֵĳһλѾôģȻ˷Ӧȴûи֥




007¡Ů򳤶

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һܶ£˲ˣİɣԺʲôĻңһ˵ģֻǣ̫ˣЩ飬㻹Ҫһ۵ĺãҪ֪˶أ֮ĲУ֮Ĳѽһס˭Ӷøġ˵֥ζĿһһۡ
һȻμӹãǹٳС˵ȴˣҾһʱ䣬Ҳʹһո߳У԰ëͷѧˣ֥һ˵ֿŮ򳤵һ˫ˮĴ۾¶ζĿ⿴ԼԺвɵİЦ
򳤣ЩĻأɩӻؼҵ飬˵Ҳ֪ӦôģȴʾãǲǰҪ£ҵôǺǣȻֻһССȴǸߵ˶򳤵һһϲŭ֣Ҷǵһʱ֪ģ˵£ң϶ҪҵıӶ򳤵һһӶӵĹٳڲ֮ˣãûлӽأ뷨ҲУǾ͸ȡɡһ˵ĸȡ裬֥ҪģȻϢһҪģȻ츾ˣ뵽ԼԽ֥׽ӶԽ߸ϵ츾ѹµĻᣬһô᲻Цء
֥ɲ֪һʲôڿԼĻԺһ¶˼ӣ֥Ϊһ˼ԼĻأ֥Ȼ֪ȡһΪԼǰߣԼаһĵ֮£֥ɵվߵһߣһ˫ְһļ֮ϣһ֪ڿʲôҸһʱɣһ仰Ҫ㣬ϣǱʲôҪģǧվ˶ѽ֥֮Ի˵ΪĿ֮Уٿ˵ĵһ׷󣬶Ϊ뷨ҲΪһҲһ뷨ˣԲŻһġ
ȴû뵽һ֮ԻᵽɽΪȴǵ٣ҪݾɽĸɫŮһҪٵĻˣɽȻһ÷С򣬵Ǻȴٵ̫ڶˣԣ֥һ˵ĻȻǸ˶ˡ
ַ֥һļ֮ϣȴһвɵ΢΢һȻ֪֥Ϊ򳤣ӵľٶֻǳһϼ¼Ĺģûбʲô˼һȴǵһκ֥˽ĽӴȻǲһˡ
һԺһȴͻȻվ֥ľٶһģֻǳһϼ¼Ĺģûб뷨ԼͣӦúһĸײˣȻ뵽ʲôŮ֮ġ
ȴû뵽һȴͻȻվԼվһߣһվֱֱԼ˹֥оһı˳ԼСһֱϣԼһ½İ֮·˵Եķ֮صĥһ¡
һͬһĸоԼвλ˹֥вɵ΢΢һʶһԺ֥һ䣬Ҫ˵Щʲôʱһȴȿˣã򳤣ôңԺʲô¶̵ģԸ㲻Ҫҷˡһ֮⣬ȻǴӦ˺֥վͬһսߵˣ֥һĻԺвɵһϲһҲˣĵ˵ͷ£ڰ칫̸һۿʱҪˣһŴ֥İ칫˳




008¡һ

Լİ칫ңһȡ꣬Ҵҵŷ˹ȥҪ֪ĻʳһǲģǷȴ׼ò࣬ΪأڷóԷ˲࣬ټϻʳãɱӣ򲻳ȥǿ϶һ˷ѵģһŻҴҵŷ˹ȥ
ŸոߵſڣһֻǰһڣһԼı棬Ȼ󣬾һӴŮһоԼײһȶ֮ϡ
˸һĴһײ岻˹ȥһķӦ죬æһ֣һһһ屾ź浹ȥģȴǹɴһǰ˹ȥõһĻ
һоͶԼĻԼظ֮϶һֵԵĶ͸Լõ˵ǻ﷢ͬʱһȴָоһ˿ļӲ˵ǿ϶İ˵ķＷԼϸԼĸоˡ
һŻ˿˹ȥȴһŵָƵʱҲ̧һ˫ˮĴ۾УҲ¶˼ֵĿ⿴Լ˵Ժһ˼ĵ㣬˼ײˣû°ɣûһһ칫ҵͬ£ΤŸ𼸸򳤵Ĺŵģɺɺʮ꣬һһµʱȻΪ̸ѾǺܺõˡ
ɺɺߴԼһңģʹ忴ʮֵľƣݵĵطݣ÷ʵĵطʣټϳΪ˸ķ飬ʹɺɺĿɰ
һŵָƵ֮ϣһ˫ˮĴ۾֮䣬ʾСŮ˵ģȴִżŮǿ˵ľַɺɺϽΪĽһ𣬸˴һǰһĸо
ԲԲ֮ϼƣһӣС쿴ԸжˣЩٵĺϢ߼ϻһ㵭ëһϿ˵Ů˵ǷҪرǿңҲ֪ĻǼٵģΪһڻûٸ
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ɫȹ֮£һ˫Բֳˣȿ޳ֽʵ˵ԣഺϢɢһɵĿʼµʱ򣬸˸һ£Լ᲻Ŀ֮һйעء
Բ̵ͦɫȹ߸ߵĳڿлһĹΣǹοôıôĳ˵ԣɫȹͬٸĵڶ㼡һģı֮ϣʹһĿõİٸ֮ŮܵĲλ
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˽ĽӴʹһŵõٸɢĵͺˮһζζһ˵ˣΪоɺɺһĨؽİ֮µķ˵Եķ飬ѾԼظļѹ֮±˱ƽ״һֻãһɹɵʼԼĳһλ
˵ǻԺһֱĿɺɺĿдһ˿ĹУһ˿Σ۵׵ȴ͸¶һɻȣһ飬ŮһȻܹ֪ԼĿ⣬ŮжôɱˣǰʱһҲĿԸɺɺȴһֱûлᣬڻòˣһô׷Źء
ȻһоԼĿע֮£ɺɺЩӲ壬ıЩˣĺҲЩоɺɺϵı仯һвɵ΢΢һ֣Ŀлȵĳɷֶ˼֣ĿתĺɺɺĿ




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ɺɺֻãһԵһɢ˳ִ̼֮£Լı÷Ҫȴƺһ˿ҲûУټһԼĿ⣬ɺɺоԼ弸Ҫڻһġ
Ȼоһ˿Σգɺɺȴʮִ̼һģҲֱڣɺɺоԼƺһĿ֮£ҪԺ󣬲һĻŤһ壬ĶһСʲôѽſҡٸһŤ壬͵ǽԼķһ֮Ħһ£ԵĸоһоһͬһУ˼ҵĻѾ˵ˣһȻٽٸ§ڻˡ
ɿɺɺ壬һЩ˼ͷ㣬˼ˣĲ֪㡣ɺɺҧ촽һŵָƵ֮¶һЦЦӿһСôˣ֪ң֪ңôѽ˿̵ɺɺΪϵı飬ʹͬڼٸһĿɰɺɺĵӣһͷһȣɫ֮£һҲ˲úˣĵ֪㣬Ҿײһ㣬ײɺɺһ俪ЦĻȴû뵽һ˵Ļһһ˵ԺɺɺһŵָƵɵ΢΢һ䣬Ҫһ˵⻰ʲô˼һȴ˵˳ΪֻҲſԽı㣬§óʱ䣬ĵ§㣬ٻ꣬ҲĸԸġ˵һĿ֮У¶˼ֻȣɺɺû뵽һﾹȻ˵ĻвɵȻһһ棬ɺɺѾٸĴͳ¹Լһ˾ȻԼǰ˵ᱡĻԼʵӦôĳһķǷ֮ġ
һ棬һߴӢĬȤԼڰ칫ҵʱ򣬾һøֱЦһһʱ޾ĸоɺɺǰһ˿ĺøУңͣɺɺҪһ˺ü꣬뵽ԼһѻٸȻǵһɫģɺɺֲɵмֵ⣬⼸ָӵĸоһʹɺɺЩ˵ˡ
Լ˵ĻԺɺɺһŵָƵ֮ϱһҲ֪ԼĻƺ˵ЩˣǣһɵĹһЦ㣬㿴ŵãҲ㿪Цˣôźòãˣ㣬ôŸʲôѽһһʣɺɺԼص칫ĿˣһŵָƵɵ΢΢һ죬ڽİһһԺɺɺСҸʲô˸ʲôѽϽķȥɡһ˵ţɺɺһߴһ߼˹ȥ߽˰칫
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һİ칫沢ûķ䣬Ҳûˣ˵еĻǾڰ칫ҵĽһվţǸСţţһ죬ȻɺɺԺʱˣ뵽ɺɺոռҴҵӣ˹ŵһĲµɺɺôҴҵĻذ칫ǸʲôˣôܷŹôһõʱء
ŵģߵſڣһȻһϤϤһ֤ʵԼĲ룬뵽ԼȻ͵ٸϲһɵİһڿˮ
ȻŵģȴΪһɫ½ţԶһ˵Ǹطʵǳջ󣬰һڿˮԺһعͷ˿칫ҼȣڿΪǳԷʱ䣬һӰҲԺһ̲סĽͷϡ
칫ҵĥɳģȻͨ͸ȴҲģģĿõ龰һĿ͸ԼĿһģӰ˫ϵʲôϤϤ˵ľٶ
ɺɺľٶһ֪ɺɺڸʲôˣ뵽ԼȻɺɺ½ӣȻòǺУִ̼ĸоȴһĳһλ̧ͷˡ




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ĥɳȥȻɺɺľٶʮֵģһȴԼеĺģĶһּԼϤϤһͼһԺչ˳
һ·𿴵ɺɺҧ촽һŵָƵ΢΢Ǻţʵ޳ˣҲΪڼеýģһ˫Լȹ°֮ϣеöţöǴϥǵȹĸ
ǣɺɺ˵ļһһչ棬Խϣ˾¶Խ࣬źɫȹõ˴˵ĸһźɫĶ¶˳ǽİŮҪҲܵĲλ
һԺɺɺּеץסĿһˣʱһƬ޵ķ⣬ͱ¶˿֮УȻУ뵽˵һĻһɵĵһĳһλҲøӵļӲ
ϵԺɺɺһɺɺĶһ󻩻ˮʹ֮˳Ȼ֪ǶɺɺҺܺȣǴ˿̵һȴ֪ôģͻȻһֿڸĸо·˿̴ɺɺĲҺҺһġ
ˮһʼͬ࣬ϸţϵģȴͬ׹һģһ˵öټҺѹȶ˻˻ڶҪ˾жˡƬֽ֮Сͬȴһġ
Сһ֪ɺɺҪˣԼҲҪ뿪ʱˣһȴΪʮֵҪɺɺԺ·ӣ֮£һҧҧƾԼٶȣӦÿɺɺŵһ˲䣬ٶʧſڣһһ֮£
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еʯһһɵҧҧվֻǣ¶ּеı飬һ˫ҲɺɺԼһɣԺ󣬴˳һԺɺɺ͸оԼǰһڣĶһ֮£ȴһվſڡ
һվɺɺĲɵһҪһΪʲôվʱһȴͬһһĴԼ˹ȥֱֱĳ˲㣬ˣҪٲҵİ׿ɾҪըˡһһ˵ɺɺʶΪһҲڼԼһæ·Ҫϲˣ뵽ɺɺϲɵ¶һ˿ЦݣתߵȴͻȻоЩͷˣ뵽ɵĵطɺɺɵͣ˽Ųһ˫ˮĴ۾УҲɵ¶˼˼Ŀ⡣
ոɺɺ칫ҵʱһŷҪȥԷģǸʱû˵ҪϲѽôԼһϲһҲҪϲأѵǿԼϲԺ󣬲ŻҪϲô
ôҪϲǳʲôĿأڲſѾվ˶೤ʱأʱ䳤ĻոԼڲľٶǲǶ˽ȥء
뵽Щɺɺʶ俴˹ȥϵĥɳѾӡһģӰʱ岻ɵĽ
ǰϲʱԼûע⵽ĥɳڿԺɺɺȻʶһҪ͵ԼĻԼһһǶһĶһ۾ô
뵽ֿܣɺɺֱţҲҧһҲ̫ˣȻô£ҲҪ͵úõĽѵһ£֪ү˼ֻ۾ˡ
ţ뵽ԼľٶһԼָһ˶ľٶԼɷҲûпҲûģɺɺָоһ˿Ĵִ̼̼֮£ɺɺֱЩ




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ĥɳȻܺ񣬿ô᲻ҵҲˣʱҺء뵽һҲԼ˽ˣɺɺвɵİһһŵָƵҲɵǺ
һ˫ˮĴ۾в֮䣬һ˿Ľţһ˿ĺߣһ˿ķŭһ˿˷ܣٸ˿̵飬ҲĿ¶ıһģԵʮֵĸӣ뵽һԼɷˣȻԼܵĵطˣɺɺֻãԼĳһλѾóʪ
ɺɺ֪ǾԲΪոʱûвɾĸоģָоָоӦԼ˷ԺŻеģɺɺѶ֣Լôаһ͵ԼľٶȴΪʲôķӦ
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ǿЦһ£һŬһµӶɺɺ㣬ôˣôѽ㲻ȥԷôȻÿɾûʲôԵˡɺɺһ˫ˮĴ۾һСող˵ҪȥԷôôҪϲˣôһ¡ɺɺԼĻֱӵԼһвɵһɺɺӲӵЩ˵
ոǲǿʲôʲôѽһվﲻҲ¶˼ֲȻı飬ɺɺиӵ϶Լе뷨һŭʹٸʳĻʺϲʣɺɺһҲûпǵ
ɺɺһʦӣһҲ΢΢ЩȻ͵ɺɺһЩȻȴٸԼǰ̬ȸԼ˵ԣɺɺһ˵ԺһɵЦһ㣬㿴˵ģڼôô֪ʲôʱҪϲѽҪȥԷͻȻϲˣҲôѵҪסҲôһĻǳһֱڰ칫ˣҲ֤ʵɺɺ²һԼһԼ·ӣɺɺһСǣûʲôûпʲôɡŮ˵ĶƱģһһֱ׳ӣ뵽Ѿʵɺɺֻ˶Σһ˵ûпʲôʲôȻ֪ⲻ̫ܣɺɺΪѰȡοȴֻһˡ
һŮɺɺ˵껰ԺԼı飬Ĳµ⣬ȻһҲԼ˵ûпʲôʲôҲӽˣǿɺɺһĿԼӣһȴ˼ٸ
ЦһԺһ㣬˼ҸովȻҲ뿴ҲĶʵ̫ˣҲ뿴ȴʲôˣȴʲôˣҲܹѽ㿴ֱȻĥɳģȴĿģ˼ˡһĻֱӳԼʲôˣɺɺһһ˵һ˿ϣҲˣ˿̵һ˰ȥ·ŮһģͻȻһ޴ĸоֵǣָоӿͷԺĳһλʪĸоȴøӵ
㣬㣬СôءɺɺֻһȻҪĳһĲ£ǻߣȴָһ̣·ĲһԼˡ
ٸԼǰӣһ֪غϵĽ֮УԼѾռϷˣȻһЦԺһ㣬˼ҲģҿҲˣҲˣģһ˵ȥģұ֤һ˵ŵģȴһ뷨һ˵ȥģȴҪոտһĻԶУûµʱһúõĻŸոյһĻҵǧΪķ⣬ġ뵽ոտͬŵӰһһԺ︡˳뵽Ǽ޵һĻһãԼĳһλһε̧ͷ




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Сǿɾ˵ˣ㲻ܽ˵ȥң׼飬ȻĻԺԶġɺɺԼ֣Լôô˵Ȼô׵ľԭһ͵Լϲľٶ
һһЦ㣬ɲ˵ѽոյǾٶҿǶ˵ģôƯôܲȥأʵ˵ԺÿϣҶŽ췢ġ˵һĿɫɫĿ˿ɺɺһŵָƵ
ɺɺѻٸȻǹˣһһ˵ԺɺɺȻһ˵ÿ϶һ½췢һĻˣ뵽һԺÿ϶ԼӴǹɺɺ鲻εһ
ͬʱɺɺ뵽Լҹ˾ʱ򣬺ϹһܴʹĿֵʱȴһߴӢһԼ壬ָоһĪ˷ܣ˷ܵĴ̼֮£ɺɺоԼĲѾʪ͸ˣԼĴ˸Ҳоһʪ⡣
һɫɫĿԼɺɺоԼѾʼΪоԼı仯ɺɺԼȥˣٴȥɺɺԼ֪Լһǰ˵ʲôʲô
˸ոһУԺѾӡֹҪȥЩȻǲܵģֱ׵ĸңʾЩ黹ǲҪҵġɺɺͷһԼɧΪԼѾԭһ͵ԼľٶȻһÿԼ˽ˡ
ĵ̾Ϣһɺɺһָӵ飬תҪߣȴû뵽һһε㣬ȱߣһлҪ˵ءɺɺһתתͷȴͣ
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ɺɺоԼøӵķ뵽һȻ¶ǵԼȻֱ׵ҪԼԼ壬ɺɺĶһ֮£ֻԼ֮һȻһGC
һԺɺɺһɥʧٴ칫﷢һҲ֪ǲФԺٸͬһֻ˾Сӣһ뿪˰칫ңֻһһڰ칫ﻵЦš
һҲû뵽ڰ칫ﾹȻᷢһĻɺɺı֮УһԸоõٸжַģȻĻҲԼ֮½ڽڰˣԭԼ͵޵ľٶʼֱԼ֮Ķӡ
ɺɺı֣ҲһоõԼٸѾһλˣӵĻûһŮ˻ڷԺ󣬻һ̬ԴԼģ仰˵ԼɺɺԣԼǿеİڴϣԶô
ֻΪڰ칫һûǸ˱ĵطɺɺҪߵʱԼȥĻ᲻ͬأ뵽һжɺɺٸĸӵļᶨ
Ĵһڣһ˰ԼĻǼӲĳһλĵСֵܣ֪ڴѧʱŮģԺ󣬶ˣ㶼֪ζˣ֪żҲżѽȴǼõģİɣҷ֥ɺɺЩˣһӹƵģҪȴᣬһҪȴᣬأ񣬵ȵٵʱһһԳԸģֻǵǸʱɲܲѽ




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Թһ򳤵ļһһε򳤵ļȻɽѾʮˣȴûһϼ˵ǹ߲ܻΪһ̸һȴĹܼңԣҲ򳤲һԼļ֮һ
ǽ죬ȴҪһϵȥһˣΪи飬Ҫס棬ķ˹Ҫˣʰʱһȥæ֣һȻҵڳԹԺ󣬾ʹҴҵĸϵ򳤵ļ
ţһžʹ˿һվڣһʮ߰Ůһ˫ˮĴ۾һĿдһ˿ѯʵɫһ΢΢һЦãҽһСðɣڲڼҡŮ´һһۣΪһǻˣµ˵ͷתͷ裬㡣һﴫ˳Сãɣɣϴ裬һͺˣˮŵһ¡Ů˵ͷһýһ߽򳤵ļﲻ󣬶ķӣõõҲ£Ǹһֺȴһһ򳤵ļﲼõõһͨĹԱһһ㵹һЩ⡣
СõŮһˮ͵һǰ壬ˮϴ裬һɡ˵СýˮһԼ˿ĵԱϣ
һ򳤵ļĲã򳤵ķϴ軹ûгһʱ֮£һɳϣ˽СõŮˣһ˵ԼиŮǮãʮ꣬ոտѧΪ˴ѧ򳤲ŮϼһˣԻһ¸߿ѹҲҪһǻؼҵ˵ˡ
ǮȻֻʮ꣬ȴɷúܺã÷ʵĵطʣݵĵطݣȫһഺϢü츾һͻȻһʵĸо
һŵָƵĵָƵ֮ϣһ˫ˮĴ۾ڲ֮䣬ʾŮĸִ߰һ˿Ƥ΢촽Ըжˣµ٣ͬ˶߽ĵʦһģ޷ޡ
һĲ棬ŮͻȻķ飬ڰɫҾӷİ֮£Ȼ˶󣬵ȴҲӯӯһգۣһȻԿóʱգķ龭˰˵İ棬һһ˵о顣
Ȼķ鲢󣬶һԵЩɬǹȴһˣñī޷ݵĽʵͱһɵ˼ҪǷݷ͵úõһĩµķܵһϴĳ嶯
ŮģǿİɫҾӳͽıֱ޳֮ϣȲһǰչ˳һڳİ֮£˿Զĸо˾Ǯõʵ㣬һ˵ķϡ
һһеģҲǮɢഺϢԼԣһվߵǮõĵСãôѽǮȻˣһĻԺͷҲûлصһǻشһĻ
һ΢΢һЦǮõ̬ȲΪ⣬վǮõ󣬿Ǯ˵ˣһǮģֺܷеϷһϷ֮еĸ֣ǮõļȻһûа취ȵģһһԺ󣬴ľȤҪ뿪
ʱһȴͻȻŵһɵŮɢһ˿ϴҺһ𣬳뵽Լı棬һ֮£һʶǮÿ˹ȥȴǮõͷϻһ˿ʪȻģŮҲǸոϴġ
һվŵλãȴÿԴ󣬾ӸµĿǮõһԷڰɫҾӳĽİ֮µӣһһʱҪ뿪ͷվǮõǿǮϷӣʵŮǰˡ
һ¿һãǮõķִ˲һģ˿̣Ǯõķ飬ĺ΢΢ţһһֱ˵Ϣ




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ļҾӷظ֮䣬γһȭͷֵĿ϶һΪλõĹϵȴ˳Ĵ϶֮УĿ뵽Ů·棬ǰĴ⾡ͣһȻŮǵǮõǰʱȴǲİһڿˮ
һ϶Ǯ¶ļһƬѩףѩףʹһͻȻ˸ոհ˿ǵļһƬѩ׵ظ֮ϣȴһĨɫԵʮֵĴۣİŮķ˵Եķӡ
ĽͣҲӵ֤ʵ˸ոһĿ⣬ԿóŮķ飬ÿԼһֻץסһһὫԼģټ¶ļʹһ֪زļôĹ⻬߼һʹһͻȻ֪һŮķץԼһʲôָС
ŮһԷ·ĺ΢΢ŵӣһܸоõһɵϢظɢ˳Լı棬ŵɺŵϢһвɵ΢΢һҲЩ
ǮģһõŮʵ˽Ĳһ𣬴¿ȥǮõ֮䣬һ϶ҲûУһϿһĲ²óŮܵĵطһյúܣȥһ˴һֵһĸܡ
֮䣬ȴͻȻɫļҾӳ߸ߵĳŮγһССôķ˿̣ƺɢڵһɵİһڿˮ
Ů壬Ȼǻûо˿ģǾ壬Щ츾ҲһҲʧɫ֮ĹСЩ츾ˣҪ֭ҪջһãŮԼĿһΪһڴġ
ڳİ֮£ŮǸطôĳ˵ԣһܿóŮǸԶĵطѾߵ߶ŵñ¶˳ֺ֮ӣһãŮֻҪһǸĵطһܹȹһġ
ʱһǮֹͣ˵üͷ¶һ˼ӣǮõӣһ֪ŮӦҲӵĵطˣ΢΢һЦ֮£һһָֻڵĻָ֮һ£Сã㿴ǿġǮȻû뵽ǰһȻҲǸϷĸ֣һ˵ԺǮæֵ£һָӸһеͼˣǮõǴһء
һΪָǮõԵʣȻȻľͿŮӽǮãһоŮеϴˮһζøӵŨ̼Լ񾭣ʹһɵһҲ¶˼ı飬ӣƺҪǮõɢ뵽һģϧǮõĿ˵Ļ֮ϣûзһ졣
ͬʱһԸоõǮõһŵָƵԼĸǰˣ˵ÿһ㣬ԼϣܸоõǮõ֮ɢȵϢ
ںǮõľֽһЩһ£һͿԸӵĿõǮõһԽʵ˵Եķİ֮µˣһһΣĿõǮõĹ⻬ļ֮Ͻëףջĸоȴñī޷ݳġ
˿̣һıŵŮɢŮеϴˮԼζһоǴŮɢ̵˵жֵȵϢȥǮõķʵķԼ֮İ֮µķĲλ˵ӰһǸˣһǿҪˣĴ̼֮£һôܵסء
ǴŮһµĽİ֮µķͦĳ˵Եķɢ˵ζ̼һбó嶯Ϊ򳤵ļǮõĸϴ裬ʱпܻһҪһеĽͷ뵽Ǯõͬһظ֮䣬ȥһĸо




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Ǯ˵֮УȻ벻һڻҰĵĿԼԼŮļеĲλһָ֮£ͣĵţһһأֱ˸ͨԺǮòתһĿ⿴һ
壬Ŀ㾹ȻôˡǮõһ˫ˮĴ۾¶һĿ⿴Լһĵõ˼㣬ͬʱһȴ˼ʧ䣬ΪǮһعͷԼһȻͲ͵Ǯõϵˡ
˭֪已ʧʱǮȴͻȻһ壬ߣһQQСϷ۸ңҵһ֣һҪһͿأԺԺҲ̧ͷˣ壬һһһ˶սһҪѽһ΢΢һ㶣һϲΪǮһ˵˵ԼֿԳϷʱһĳഺϢˣ뵽һôܲӦǮõҪء
һһ߳ǮŵԵʱ򣬼Ǯõ壬ͬʱ۾ⶢŵԵĻǮõQQǮýϷ˿Ժ󣬿һͷţ֪ԼĵڣعͷƤĶһһЦ壬һҪѽ˵ԺǮתȥʼǸڵȴӵʱǮͻȻʶԼһԼȴһվһֲòΪ֮£ǮٶվӹһӷԼߣʾһԺ󣬾ϺͶԷս
һָǮãһָ֮£ǮȡһʤǮ˵ǿǴûй飬жһ˼֣һΪ͵ŮȻҲˡ
ǽڶ̵̣һȻҲָǮȡʤǽģǮȴЩΪٶѾܿˣƾһĽǮȴҪһʱķӦҵһ˵λãһǮ˵̡
̿ʼһһǮԼָ֮£ȻܳʱҵλԺһ󵨵Ǯõǰ˹ȥץסǮõСָ֣ǮãͶԷս
Ǯûǵһ֣岻ɵ΢΢һ£ǿһһĿĻԺ󣬵ŮΪһԼһַ̣ԼأΪԼֱһָԼֿ˲֪ٱˣԣŮҲûнһЩͻȻľٶϣרĵĺͶԷս
һһбģڽǮõϸСָץԺһǲɵ¶˼ıóѵĻЦݣϧǣǮõ˼˵֮ϣûзһĻЦ
һһָǮúͶԷսһ۽ǵ͵͵ĴǮãǮһŵָƵŵĶĻûаԼԺһĵӽĴ
֮£һһָǮãһƶ壬ģһоԼĴ˵࣬ѾǮõĴ֮ϣĶһ֮£һʼĶŴˣʹԼĴˣǮõĴĦ
һоȻӣԼȻܸоõǮõ֮ɢȵϢԼоõǮõϵļǶôķôĳ˵ԣ뵽ԼȻںǮüĶ̶̵ʱͺŮ˸ܵĽӴһֻһС
ǮҲоһĴѾԼĴ֮ˣǵŮȴΪΪһƵԭ򣬲ľģԼҪһԼˣԲ˼һҪ˸ƿģϵģǮþ͸оԼƶˣǿͲˣԣǮԲȥһԼĦĴˣרĵĴϷˡ
һǮòԼľٶӸˣͻȻ䣬һоԼĸ첲ͻȻһģȴּԣһһ˿Ϣ£ƾָУһϾ֪ˣԼĸ첲ǮõһµĽİ֮µķͦĳ˵Եķ˸ܵĽӴ
ĸоһһ־޵ĸоҲһӡһУһ뵽ԼȻǮõķ鶼ˣҲԼǵһǮõķˣ뵽ЩһֻޱȵܵĴ̼һֻãԼЩĳλȻֵ¡




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ǮñרĵĴŵԣͻȻ䣬ȴоԼһԷ˵ԵķϴһȵϢϢһͬһĸоԼķûָоŮвɵİһ
ȻָоʮֵԼߵһҲᣬǮñϾһĩµŮоԼеĲλַܵԺǮõ岻ɵ΢΢һŮĽʹŮɵҪתͷһһ¡
ǮûûüͷתȴͻȻоԼǰѹһɣһץԼֵҲ˿ŵԼһľٶʹõŮΪһոյľٶֻһʱ֮ʧһĻȻ˵ˣֻüĴϷ
һȻЩ᲻Լĸ첲ѹǮõһԷ˵Եķ֮ϸԼĸоȴ֪þյĵԣڸоǮõľٶԺһҲ˲ȥŮĽʵԵķԼĸ첲ļѹ֮ı״ĸоʱĽ˻
һ£ʧȥһֵָ㣬ǮöԷӭһ֣ҪһոյָԼһ£ŮȴֺһŻոĶԴԼȻҪ󣬵ǵһ棬Ǯȴǲ˼˵
ǮЩûʧʱȴͻȻоһһεץסԼָ֣ԼһΣһȴûнִǮõǰǴǮõ˹ȥץסǮõ֣һ£ǮҲӵţһոø첲ѹԼһ½İ֮µķͦĳ˵Եķϵľٶֻ֮ʧˡ
Ůȴûʶһľٶȴͬ§סǮһģľٶֻ֮Żеģոʶ֮ľٶȴԵЩˡ
һʼǮòûиоһľٶЩʲôҨԼӮһ֣Ǯþķֳ˲ͷˣǮøоһĸ첲§Լ֮ϣƣ˵ԼͬСһһ§˻һġ
ͬʱһԼĶָԼôôĴŴԣҲһԼĶţǮõĲɵĴһˮֱ
Ǯøоֵǣľٶǻ˱ˣԸһƳ˹ȥˣ⶯һϣȴʹԼоȻһ˿ĸоԼоһĻȵԵϢԼоȻһְȫС
һ§ǮãŴŮɢĵŮͺˮһһʱֵ˼㣬һŮҲ֪ŮԵ΢֪ԼŵһκǮü棬ȻѾǮܵļˣԣһȻһ§ǮãȴûнһľٶûнһǮõ϶ֶ
ͬһСһŵԣһʱʱ˵ص㣬ЩԵʱȴͻȻһŲǮ֪ԼĸѾϴˣʱʶһ˵§ԼǲӦõģʼͷԺһʶȤĽ
˸ո壬һʹӷ˳˵һŵָƵ˵ģͷҲʪʪģüĿ֮Ǯż񣬵ȴֱǮö˼ֳŮ˵ķϣ˵򳤷ˣǮõĸܺˡ
ܺ˳һæվɩӣáܺ΢΢һЦһЦͬⶳٻһģŵĻҲȻʧɫЦ֮ܺĵСѽ˼Ҹոϴ裬õˡһ΢΢һЦɩӣ㿴˵ģӦ˲ǵġܺİһһۣСѽ㲻ҪǰôˣҵļŮˣǲ쵼һײҪҵϣȻҿɾˡܺ˵⻰ʱһ˫ˮĴ۾ȫĵЦ⣬һǲɵһһĸŮиķ飬ȴԶѡһŮһţܽĸŮһڴ̺ԼӦǶôһأţһȴڱϲұ¶ںܺĿ˼Ժ󣬱ܺܺʰ˶ˡ




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һǵһε򳤵ļȻҲǵһνܺĵˣܺĵһ߽ңһ͸оһֵģͻڵϴˮ֮
һȻ֪ϴˮΪܺĳԡϲŵӦҶеζˡ
һ棬һϾʶ츾ǼͥһһƷλŮˣΪˮϢȻŵĿȻǾ˾ϸѡġ
СһϼɣҪôͽﵱԼļҺðɣһ㣬ɩҲϲġܺΪ򳤷ˣߵ˼ָ߹ʣ˵ʱ츾ôƽ׽ˣһܴĸоܺԼǰ˿򳤷˵ļӣһ츾ĺø˼֡
һ˵ͷɩӣ֪һ˶ͦõģҲģҲҵˣҹҪǰʰģʲôͽˣǧҿѽܺĵ˵ͷǮҶ˵ˣûʲôҺ˾ˣȴƫҵģǵý㺰Ҳǵģڹ㵽ɻǽ㵱ʲôˣӴСɩӾֱֱȥԸɲҪѽһȻˣҡҡͷһܺĵһŵָƵĵɩӣոջҲҪأ㵹Ǽ˭֪Ǯһڹϣ˽úܵģҲûнҵ˵һֱأοеʲôѽһ˵⻰ʱǿܺĵһŵָƵģ۽ǵȻȻܺĵظ֮ϣһܺҲǸոϴ裬ϴҲһɫļҾӳֻǺǮòһǣļҾӷڿñȽϴ󣬴ߵѩ׼¶棬ĵ׶ˣ¶Сѩ׵ķ飬ڵƹ֮£¶ķ׵ЩۣһĲɵȻһ
ǮõķǽʵԵģʾŮĵص㣬ܺĵķȴ˶ģȴֲʧԣȻŮĽʵɢĳϣȴ˴һ˿˵ķ顣
ܺĵķȣǮõķ˼ɬһԺ󣬾ͲɵĻҪ˫ֺúõĺǻɬķ飬ɬɳ졣
Ǯõȣܺĵȴֶ˼ֳ죬ĳ죬˿Ժ󣬻᲻Ҫȥȥ棬ȥ꣬ȥֳŮԶе
ܺĵһڼҾӳİ֮µķ˵Եķ飬һͻȻЩʼˣΪϣҲֻԺ޹˼ɵԷУԼȴֻǿԷɵۡ
ܺĿɲ֪һڸԼ˵ͬʱԼһڼҾӷ֮µķ˵Եķ۵ףˣһнԼĸŮ˵ķԱ
һһĸԼ͵ӣ츾ɵһЦС㲻ýˣҲ֪ǸΪûн㵱˲ŻҵģЩʱһϣʲôأΪͿԺǰһģҵߣ֮ˡ˵ܺĸʲôһģһŵָƵԹıһ
ܺĵһԹɫһ΢΢һ˵Ůˮģʧȥ˵İŮʮֵĹµįģǮһ˼ڹϣʱ춼ؼң֮ж绨˶ȻЩġܺĵǴǻ֮꣬˵ĹػͬһģȻԼǰչ¶ɷԹԼ츾жԼɷ䵭Ѿǵ˲ѹƵĵزˡ
ʱŮģҲϹģԼ룬᲻ֵ츾ķģӶΪԼһõĻأ뵽һЩȻĶ
Ȼ뷨һȴԥԼҪҪжһܺĿԼĶͷ˾ŮˣԼҪǾ͵ÿǿǺˣܺĵļڼܺĵɱڱĵطҪǿö࣬ԼðȻжĻ츾ķУԼҪԲȷǵһɧġ
ܺĶˣɢֳĵʣȴһЩ뵽ԼֵɽĿģһ˾ǾҪᣬȡ츾ԼĺøУһԼܺĻؼҵʱ򣬾ͿԺúõûᣬ츾һ¡




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һˣ뵽˾ͻȥеʯתͷԺһɵһЦɩӣɲҪ˵ˣ֮ԻŬĹҪĸŮ˴һõô򳤵̫ĸŮˣŻ˵ҵĹġܺһǰ¶˶ԼɷԹ֮ԺںأҲϣһûԼĻΪĿ֮УԼϹļǿܣһ˵ǰ¶Թ˳ȥһԼϹһЩӰġ
һԼԹһȰԼˣܺĵвɵһ֮£ܺĲɵչһЦС򳤹Ȼûп㣬˵Ժһġʵһ˵ĵܺȻûпǵģ뵽ϹԼս䣬ֵо͸𲻵οԼˣһһ˵˵úܺĲıȫһĻ츾ԼɷԹ࣬һƽ⣬Ҳ츾˺øд
һ֮˵ȻҪȥȰ츾ȥϹӶһ˿ֵһҪĻԼҪֵ츾뷨ǾҪô
֮˵ĿľҪܺĶԼĺøУΪܺĶϹѾԹԼȡĺøԺؼҵĹ֮УԼһ㣬ϸһ㣬ԼĹĺƽϹĮγĶԱȣʱԼʹЩֶΣʵǲܽ츾µġ
츾Լһ˫ˮĴ۾¶Ŀ⣬һ֪ԼϵѾﵽˣȻ˳ԼĻ˵ȥȥ⿪ܺĵĽˣԣһæ濪˻⣺ɩӣʲôҪգ˵ɡһһ˵ܺĲһԼĿˣ˵ͷܺĵСһ£ҽµóżϴ·ýȥͿˡһ˵ţܺһ˴ǰʱܺԼȻһǰ¶ɷԹȻ֮£ȻЩ겻
һվһߣܺĴվ˴ǰƣʹñʮֿļҾӳ㣬ͻȻرԲ̵֮ͦϣԼǰչ˳
һܺȻѾʮĸˣµķ˪ȴûʲôۼƬʺĵôĵԶ˵ԡ
ƣʹһ־˵Ĺ¶ȿŵţĶѣܺĵһŵһ֮ɢ˳
˼Ҿӳڴ˿̣ȴͬܺĵĵڶ㼡һĽİԲ̵֮ͦϣԵЩĳ㣬ѾЩ͸
һһԿõֵ츾ӣһ͸͸ĳ㣬Լѩļһɵİһڿˮ
͸㣬һĿڰɫĳ֮£һƬɫĵǵӡ˵ǽİ츾Ĳλɫˡ
츾ѾԵʣʹһĿ֮˸ĵطһ΢΢¡𣬴˿̣΢΢¡һһģɢ˵ջһ
һĿ츾ϲͣĴţڸſӲ²ĸط츾ľջСʲôطԴأ츾֮εķ΢΢¡һɵİһڿˮĳһλҲʼЩ
ȻһİȴסһɫԵĿ⣬赲ȴָ츾˼۵ĸоһ̲סҪ츾ڳ֮µķĵȥȥúõһޣȥѰһ¿ԼĿֺԭصĳ嶯
Ťͷ˿ǮרĵĴŵԣһҲܽӣٿܺŴһַŴһֻڴʲôܿõվԼڸʲô




019¡򳤷

Ҳܺĵڳ֮µĻԲ̵ͦʵ̫ˣҲһܺĸŮ˵ǲܷԼʲôһģɫ֮£һ̲סж
һƶ壬ǸԼ˷ܵߵֻܺһ֮ңʱһͣǺúõܺĵһ£Ժһ
ܺĵڳ֮µķ˵ԵԼԽԽһЩڸ
һ㣬ܺĵɢ̼һ񾭣һĿвɵ¶һɫֱһоԼо˽츾ɢȵϢԺ󣬲Žͣ
˿̵һ츾ĻԲ̵ͦҲǼֵľˣıӣҲ츾֮εϷһΣһĿԿ˵˺ֵˡ
һҾӳĿߣѾݽεм䣬γһǳǳĹߵȴ΢΢Ĺ˳ֹ¶Ȼ󣬵Ǹ˴˵ĸоȴñī޷ݵġ
һɹɵĳеһ˿ɧζǸεĵطɢ˳̼һ񣬺һŮһĶûջ֮£ʲô
û飬һҲûЩ飬һܺڳ֮µĻԲ̵ͦһһţôһ죬Լַܽ츾ѹ£ԼӦôŪӦôȥεĲλ
һ˼ʱȴܺĵļͷһȻѾҵ˴µӣҪˣһͷһ֮£æվֱ壬ߵܺĵߣɩӣɡܺЩһһ˵Ժæ˵ͷһȡܺĵλã˳ȴܺѾվ¹ǰ棬Ŷ
ܺվһæǰܺĵɩӣɡܺĻعͷһһŵָƵ֮¶˼ֹŹֵЦݣҲ֪뵽ʲôܺһҡͷܾһĺ⣬һ֮ȴƬƣʹ츾ӵĿɰ
ܺĵı飬һɵ΢΢һ㶣ԼһƬҪæ츾ʲôѽֹ֣ܺļȻ˲ԼæһҲֻվһߡ
һܺĺ·ŽԼóʱ򣬲츾ΪʲôܾԼİæˣΪܺóϺɫ˿ٻߵģȻܺĵĻϴΪܺĴܺȻǲ˼һԼˣ뵽ԼȻһ˵潫Ը˵˳ҲѹܺĻˡ
һﾲڵƹ֮£ɢ͵Ĺâ·ģ⻬񣬾˵ļһģһţ·⻬ļȥоһõò˵ġ
ʱܺѾ¹²·ʼ¹񶥲·ˣ¹ȽϸߣһܺŽŶƣʹƬʺĵı
ּӣ͸İ츾Բ̵ͦĿչһǰȻһζ츾޳ֱҲֱˣӶʹ츾˲һ𣬴Ӻ濴ȥһã֮侹Ȼһ϶ûУڽ뵽츾ԺͻȻ˼һ£ǻһʲôĺ
츾ӰһɵİһڿˮŸոԼ츾ķ°֮µĺ֮ӣŸո츾͸˵ƻһķʵĵ츾֮ʵüγε¡һãԼ
츾¹񶥶˵·ӣһвɵһոܺȻܾԼҪ󣬵ȴû˵ֻҡҡͷԼǲǿװŲȥأΪԸԼȥʸҵһܺõĽڣһһٴκ츾ӴĻᡣ뵽һܺ˹ȥһʱһİڶһ壬ʹԼʹģѾЩĳλ׼츾ڳ֮µķ˵Եֱֱܺ˹ȥ




020¡򳤷˰

һ߿ܺĵĻԲ̵ͦԼԽԽԼ֮бԽԽһһţԼһȶ뵽ĵ֮Уǻķʺĵ֮϶ϼ£һСֵܸİŵоԺ󣬲Żĵ֮ϻĵȥѰܸԼĿֵСȡ
뵽һܺĵĵ䶯·˿ڽԼļӲͻȵһģ˵һĻһɵİһڿˮСֵҲӵǴ
츾ߣһĵɩӣɡܺڷŶûзһѾߵԼߣһͻȻڶԺ츾ȻһͷҲʶĻ˹һ˫ˮĴ۾һ
ܺȴû뵽һԼ˵ĽԼһתͷʱȻûһһŵָƵ֮ȴԵĸоһ˿ȵϢһı˳оǹɳϢĺܺĵһŵָƵǲɵһ졣
ܺĵУǴ⣬һԼʰģعͷҲҪܾһǸоһĻϢ˴ԼԺܺĵͷĪһңȻʹĵ˵ͷ
ܺĴӦԼҪһɵ΢΢һ֣վ¹ſԺһɩӣ˵Ҫļ·Ұˡܺĵ˵ͷʶһָһԼҪ·¹˳
һԼһһ˳ܺĵĲɵֱÿһ·ԼģԼܵĽӴһѾЩ·֮ϣǲǼԼô
ˣԼͣȻᴩԸж˵·ֻôأ᲻̫ˣ̫ɧء
ìܵ飬ܺĵвͣĽ֯ţ̼츾񾭣ܺĵøӵǺϧһܺûпܺĴ˿̵ĵɫ
ʱָܺһһˣһɫĶ˵¿㣬ʵֻмķָĲƬɵģֻڿ㲼λã΢һ㣬ǾӣҲܶõܺĵ֭֮Ĳλģ񣬴ԼĶ֭¶ëҲסһʿġ
·ܺڸоԼɷԼս䵭ԺһѵȰ棬ŵȥҪֺԼɷģܺû뵽ǣԼ·ԺϹȻ۶Լһ֮£ܺľͽ·¹ĶˣԼ·ԺԼɷԼ䵭оġ
·ܺıǸûҪȥģʱܺȴ֪ôһ£ȻһԼ潫ΪʲôӣܺԼЩãȻ
һ·ԺܺʶȥӣܺΪһҲǰһģԼһȥӣһһɣԼ˳ֽ·Žˡ
ܺû뵽ǣԼֽӹ·һԺһȴûͬԼеɿȻǽץǼ·ĳ£ܺĿһƺûзֵ˼Ժ󣬲ɵ̧ͷһ˫ˮĴ۾һ
һ֮£ܺľͿһҲڿԼұҲЩŹ֣Ķһ֮£ܺͻȻЩһͷæҺһĿӡ
һһõǼ·ҲǲɵһʱһͻȻ˸ոԼܺĵ֮ڳ֮µķˣﴩǸطסķ飬˵ΪɢⲼһĶ뵽Ƭȥء
һĻһȻûȴ뵽޵ķ羰һֻñһȣƺһճճҺ˳
ɫһҲ̲סˣһ̣ܺĵݣҲԼĵص㣬ֹܺʱٳٲϷ֣Ҳ¶һѾ㴩ʲôӵıˣܺĿһӣôٺһĿء




021¡򳤷˾

츾Ȼͷȥȴֹ飬˷ܣȸӵĸоģܺĸоԼ˷ܵĸоȻռϷ磬츾Ӹ
츾Լ֣һľٶԼиָоУȴΪʲôûָоأʶһ㣬ܺͻȻãȻ
ĪԼҪóΪ̽һ̬ôԼҪߴ˧˿ԼԺ󣬻һʲôӦôңһڵķӦԼڴеôȻĻԼΪʲôһ˵ľٶһ㶼ء
ܺ뵽ֿܣĶͷҲˣһͬСӵӣܺľԼ֪ӦǺõʱȴоһɣԭȴһþգ˿
оһɿ֣ܺĳһͬʱȴɵ˼ֵʧĸо뵽ԼϹԼһۣһȴһԼ·˵ܺĵͬһζƿһģζӳ¡
ҪܺĸŮˣһȥҪңһȻɽ򲻾ãʶ˲࣬һȴΪһˣԼǱҪȥкġ
˲Ǳˣһͬѧһ֮ԻֵɽϵȻҪݾɽŮͷȴΪǴθԼͬѧ棬ʶɽķֵĸɫŮԺ󣬲ġ
ѧҵԺһɽ򣬶ͬѧȴΪеķ棬һΪͬѧ棬ԸĻᵽͬѧļչһļˣȻһһҪĿģǾͬѧĸ׺ͽ㣬Ҳǲɶõ˶һͬѧȥƵҲûҪ׽˼ġ
°ԺſڵĳһЩһͬѧļԺһվſڣһ֨һ˿һԼʮٸģվſڣһʱٸһŵָƵ֮¶˼ϲɫ
һҵʹٸʮֵĸȴǸ÷ʵĵطʣݵĵطݣټɢĵٸķϣʹһ˵ķϡ
Ĺһ˫ˮĴ۾ٸ˻㾦ãת֮䣬ôᣬôĴٸ˲ĵʣĽë̵ٸգ۾ľٶ΢΢Ĳţĵٸ˼Ƥʡ
ӣһС죬΢΢ſţѩ׶Ҳ¶˳ٸС죬һɵЩʼϹˣŮһȻ֪ӣС죬ĳһλŽȥһȷٸСĸоģңС죬ָѶȵĶĸоҲһСҪǿһЩڣĸоԼȴֻ뵽һô᲻𼸷ֶʼٸϹĸоء
һĲ棬ͻȻ˿ȴٸһڰɫ½֮µķ˵Եķ飬ٸһ£ɫڵƹ֮£ͬ͸һģǷλƬɫٸ·Ȳ·Ҳò˶ٵġ
һȻϲٸִˣΪĴţʹٸϰķ鼸ȫչһǰǰ˵һ鲻Խİһڿˮ
߸ķ飬¸߸ߵĳʹðɫͬٸĵڶ㼡һظ֮ϣǰĹΣջһ񾭡
籡ɴһ£һĿ֮γɵһҲǽµЧʹٸķ΢΢һʹǵӵ˶䡣
Ҳٸǰļʹý¿ӵѩףҲѩ׵ʹٸظӵĹ⻬͸£һĿ¶֮¡ķıԵ
ȻѾǳΪ˸ٸķͦķ飬ȴԵôķ˵ԣû˿´ӣ˼ֳķϣˡ
ڰɫµĽ֮£ٸСɵĶҲһĿŮĸôĿɰӯͬһƤСһģ˼Ժ̲ס׽ĸо




022¡ͬѧһһ

յٸѾ˸ŮˣӦǱȽϱصģٸȴӣ°һĿ㣬ţпҲʵ̫һЩٸϣֻĳܹ幫ֵĵط
һȻǡǡôĵסٸҲĵطٸСȴһһϵģ·һСľͻ֮羰ȫı¶һǰһġ
һǸˣһˣ⸱龰ԺһȻϣǿӻԼһٸ֮羰ˡ
ǿȴ·һһģȻһӣǲٸôжţпȴǵһĶһͬһֻһģ
װ磬ʮֵԸУȻҪĲλȴָ˼ռ䣬һ־Ե֣鲻Խʿˮ
ţпİ֮£ٸ˿޳ʵʵأ˲ȫĹ˳һãˣһ̫ʣһ̫ݣΪѵõ͸ţпĵϢ̲סĻҪȥĳ嶯
ģټӿŵĵٸʣʹٸ޵òɷҲѹһļˡ
ٸǱˣһͬѧĽ㣬ոսһ࣬Ϊһͬѧ԰ĸͬסˣſһԺһŵָƵϲɵ¶˼ϲɫǵһŵĶʱȴüͷһ壺һô£Ǹ˵ôﲻҪҪô㻹ѽһ΢΢һЦ߼㣬㿴˵ģʲôˣҾһЩˣҪ̵գ¼ûϣԼһˣҲôһСţȻ˵ôˣһȻ˵ˣȻ˵ʲôˣǺǺЦİһһۣãɶ࣬²Ϊѽһ˵ţһ߽ӹһĶų裬һˡӦһһ˳˴ʮӣüĿ֮ЩֻǱ˼ֳķ飬˵һõĻ츾ͬһһö㡣
츾ȻһͬѧĸˣһԺ츾һŵָƵ¶һ˿ϲɫһѽ˵ʲô̸ȥһ˫ˮĴ۾¶ĸԵĹذԼһһĸжһ֪ԼĶͬѧĶ棬Ҳ棬ȻȻĽԶӵĸԹذתƵԼˣһڸжͬʱԼԵĲ˵˳˵ͷֻسæȥˡ
߽˳Ժ󣬿ֻʣһˣһվʲôһģһһôȵ죬ȥϴһ°ɡһ˵ͷĳͣһҲûнԼˣһ˵Ժһ΢΢һЦת߽˵ӣɳϿ
һһ˱ǶĸŮһڿˣ䶼ɨôɾûζһɵ㣬Ժһˬĸо
ˮͷһϴһҪȥͻȻһ¸סˣһϴ̨ıϣµĶһѺ̵·мЩһ΢΢һתͷ˿ڿרĵĿŵԺһµͷǶˡ
һǼ֮У֣һģﲻǴǴ̣Ըˣʮֵۡ
Ŀ㲻´ûȣҲô¶أ·ټĹɫ㣬Ϲһ̲סÿΰɡ뵽һǲɵ¶˼ֻЦݡ
ھǼȽϽһŵõɢĵ֬۵Ӧɣʶһ㣬һĳһλһӱô




023¡ͬѧһ˶

ͻȻ䣬һǰһһϵĶסĿ⣬Ǽɲλãһ̲ۿɼĻƼǸطǽİ֮Ĳλλá
ƬĻƼԺһͬϵϡ䱦һģһͷҲȻΪ棬һĿŵĽǼ棬ȴĺӣҪɢĵϢ뵽ȥһġ
һһǹϢԼķתһȦĺ˳ʼ۾ζǹζһãǹζһɵɧִһ˿ı˵ζ
ǹζ˵һŮȻ֪Ǿ֮֮µķСϢˣֱϢԺһвɵһ
Ž鲻ãϹһǿ⣬ˮ֮ģ֮ϣôϢأҪ֪Ů˵Һ壬͸ģҪ֮γĻƼǿҪܳʱģҲͣ죬ôôˮء
ôֻһֿˣǾԼɷһȵʱ򣬶ǴģҺŻԴԴϵ֮ϣγƬƼ뵽ɷʱַɧ˵ӣһ鲻ԽһڿˮĳλҲ¡
ȻһֿܣǾȻ»ٸǷرǿңϹǲģԼοԼŰοԼʱҺҲ֮ӡġ
ֿԲһǾԼĵһжϱȽȷ뵽Щһɴ˳ڿӵһ߳䣬ȻһЦվһһ£Ҹ㵹ˮȥһ˵ͷȻɳϣȻ󣬴ˣһıӰഺŮųٸķ飬Ҫ˵ˣٸӰҲܹġ
ӯӯһյ޹ǣȴƫĸ˴һֳĸо֮һ֬ûУһţƾڴһܹĸѶȶġ
Բ̵ͦЩŵĳһĹΣջһţп߽һΪβǿʼĵ֮УƬʺĵһǰչ˳
ƬƺֲܵһģŬţ·Ҫƿ͸͸ʿһģһʹǸοı˵ԣͬһ͸˵ƻһģ˵Ĳժ
˿̣ţп֮µķ˵Եĵ·ƶҡţǰڶĹ¶Ȳ󣬵ȴʹڿ֮лһΣһĶŪġ
ߵˮߣˮһʹһǰӵͻ˳ţпҲ֧֮£ŵıţ·ֻҪĶٴһ㣬Բ̵ͦҪ¶һġ
ţпڵĳ֮£ͬĵڶ㼡һı֮ϣ֮·Ź⣬һ˵ķ顣
Ҫ¶ӣһɵĵһһὫõĻҵģԼϹԼһÿջԼֱԼ̲סջԺ󣬲ŻֱĽţпȥͷÿһ缡֮󣬲Ż塣
뵽һֻһС¾ʹĳһλҲӵļӲͬѧļǳﻹһ츾һҲΪܲţп֮µķ˵ԵԼջȥֵٸѹˡ
ٴϸո￴Ǽ͵ҵ棬ҾͣǾǸٴĹҲỻѽ̣룬룬ҲСֵܶóʱûгζˣЩҶһҪĳ嶯ءû뵽һԼˮʱתô뷨ˮ÷һǰԺһĶһһ˫ˮĴ۾Լ뵽˸ոԼٸĻԲ̵ͦڿ֮µӣвɵ΢΢һˣ㣬أôÿѽ




024¡ͬѧһ

ϹһɽԺһεʱǴԺ󣬾ҲûмˣһŻдһʡ
һһ˵ɵȻһЦһôˣˣֲǲ֪ǸæˣΪϵæòɿģҼʱ䶼ٵúܣ˵ˡٸĻȻ˵ţһŵָƵ֮ȴ¶˼ֽı飬ӣȻΪһϹԺ
һҲ΢΢һЦѽҲ֪æǺǣΪǱȲϵˣȻ˵Ǯͱ仵Ĺ£Ŵһصģһġһ̸ԼϹʱһŵָƵ֮¶ĵı飬֪ôľȻûɵĸоһ˿⣬ʹ֮£Ȼ˵Ļ
һЦùˣҲûһĻǽŵһôɽҲôʱˣûпŮѽеĻҸôұıûУȴ˸죬ҸýˣǱ֤ˮɵġһҡҡͷ㣬ͱˣһܿϱôһĻɵ΢΢һ㶣һ˫ˮĴ۾һЩĵһô˵أѵɽȻû㷨۵Ůôһ㣬⻰˵ˡһȻˣһʱǺǺЦһ˫ˮĴ۾¶˼ֵĿ⿴һһ۹Ҳ̫˰ɣɽǳĳŮĵطôŮȻûһķ۵ôǲ۽̫ˡһЦһ㣬ҵ۽̫ˣ̫ѽ΢΢һ㶣ϾͷӦˣһ֮Լ̫ƯˣڿԼԺ󣬱ŮӶɫƽӹ֮ˣɽ򣬲ûһ˳۵Ůˡ
һĻһ£ȻǸ˵úأһЦ֮£һ˫ˮĴ۾һҪ˵ЩʲôǵһĿȵĿԼԺһҲĪĺߵĻ˻ȥ
һӱЩĬʱһ̲߳˳ˣʰһ꣬׼ˡӦһվĸ׵ȥˣʣһһԼ·ϴûѽĻһ΢΢һ㶣ǽϾ¶˼˷ܵı飬ڿЩԸж˵Ĵ̵·ԺһԳ֮Ϊأȴû뵽Ȼĸġ
Ȼʮˣµķ˪ȴûʲôӡ·ϣҲ޿ɺǵģһǰһһűص̬֣һȻһʱû뵽ȥ
ڣһ֪ЩԸж˵·ȻԺжһµʶ츾űأֻǱˣȴǿҲǿܵõ˵ĳϵģҲΪʲôᴩЩԸе·ԭˡ
һҲ¶ΪϵƬƼôԣǲ֤츾ĶŮ֮ҲǿýôȻôôˮﶼȾء
ǻ֮ͣԵĿʹһĸоƺһڵԼȥ׽뵽Щһǲɵ¶һ˿ײĻЦݡ
һ˼ʱԭĸŮѾŪˣԺһԼҪµ˵ˣȻЩᣬȴ޿κΣֻһ߸һŲˣһ߶Ҫע壬ӣһżԶеСĺһģһ˵档
һ̳ʻɽ򣬳ϣһܺǮͨܺϼҵһͨڳ˯һϣڶͻᵽܺĵĿһأٻһСʱĳ̣͵ܺĵϼˡ
һ˼ȥ򳤻㱨һСܺȴֹһжΪܺĺԼɷһô꣬ô᲻˽ɷƢأ֪ܺɷ˽Ըһȥ˵ЩòԼɷͬ⣬ܵһġ




025¡ϣһ

һ飬ȴ֪ܺһϸĺжһĺø˼ֻ֣ܺһ㣬һǸߵˣôܲ˽򳤵Ըأȥ򳤻㱨飬ֻǸԼ˵Ŀ޷ǾҪԼһõӡΪһж»ˡ
Ϊ˷㣬̳λãһܺľм䣬ǮúһֱܺĵߣǮΪ뵽Ҫϼң˷ܵòˣϳԺųҡΣųɽûãǮþ˯˹ȥ
ոϳʱ򣬳ﱾֵͦģЩ棬еųԶŵ˷ܣеŻؼҵ˷ܣССĳᣬͬһͥһģʶʶˣһʱįĵʱ⣬ʱƣҹˣ촵ţСҲİ
ܺԴӼ޸Ժ󣬹ĶǽʳȴӲӲ֮ϣųﺹζͽųζһϢһʱ˯š
뵽һҪԼɷɳԼ飬츾вɵİϣܺľãԼɷԼѾҲû»ʱֹػԼս䵭ԼʱҪԼĸŮ˴õΪɣڣԼһõ򳤷ˣȴһССĳ棬ѵ˵ĸõô
뵽ܺƺԼɷԹ֮ŨСƽѽ뵽һܺĲɵĵ̾Ϣһתͷһ뿴һ˯ûУһתͷܺľͿһţ۾ԼһӣܺĵĲɵһһŵָƵҲĪĺ
һϳԺҲ˷ޱȣ˷ܣͳԶŲԶûʲôϵ뵽ԼȻֵܺܺ츾һ֮ãԾ͵һһһһЦһľĪ˷
ڵܺľԼߣһŵ츾ɢе㣬ȻϢţ㣬ȴһԼ֮ѰҵһƬɾһģ龹Ȼһ˵ƽ͡
Ӳ濴ȥܺĵһŵָƵ˺֣ɵıͬһ׺츾һŵָƵԸж΢촽ںϢܺĵĺһãƺﶼɢһɵ
ȻܺƽģһԷȴûƽȻｾͦţĽʵ
˿̣Ƕ½֮µķ˵Եķ飬ĺ΢΢ţŵɣһ˵ķϡ
ƽ̹С֮£΢΢¡ĳܹǣںɫİ֮£ͬһһģɢ˵ջһ񾭡
ƽԵʣԱ¡֮ķ飬һøӵͻ˳ټϺɫЧʹķ鿴˵Ժĸо
Ĳһ𣬺ɫĽϱţڳ谵ĵƹ֮·Ź⣬˼޳ĸоȻֻĲмȴһֽƬ岻ȥģɴҲɼ츾Ƕôˡ
츾ɢ˵ܺĳ˳츾ķ壬һǰһ˵ͼ⸱һЩҪȥ츾˵壬ȴðǰļˣһֻǾǰ
һȻû뵽Ǳ۾˯˵ܺģͻȻ۾תͷԼһ֮£һܺĵɨŵĿ⣬͸ܺץ˸š
һԼܺĵɵ΢΢һ죬ֵǣ˿̵ܺĵȴûָ˿ŵķŭֻŵ⣬ǣľȻһֵ˷ܡ
ҲѹܺĻ뷨ˣ򳤽ô꣬»ļ鵭ȥ츾ԼӱƽˮɷԼս䵭츾ĶԼʧȥģΪԼòѾ껪ȥɫѾס˵ĿˣȻĻԼϹôԼԽԽ䵭ء




026¡ϣ˶

һԼܺĸоһ˿ȣΪ˵ܺģȻʶһĿ֮ȴŵĻʶʲôˣ뵽һԼСʮˣȻԼȤ֪ܺԼòûԼ껪ȥɫ
뵽ЩܺĵָֻţһЩĿҲͲôˣȻܺҲ֪ԼʱǲʺȥһģΪڵϣҵӿɾͶùܺĿһת⣬֮£ܺĲɵȻһЦһ˯ţĻôˣոʲôѽһ͵͵츾ĿܺĿԺҲֱȻܺĵļȻԼҲĶһεȫԽ͵ùȥġ
һοɾͲһˣԼߣĿŲÿĵطܺĿԼӣôҲóԼڿʱ򾿾ʲô뷨ˡ
һЩûʧʱȴû뵽ܺľȻһתĻܺĵĻһó츾֮вû˿Լ˼żֵ⣬һôܲϲء
ڶԴŮ˵ԶӵģŮһͻʮ֣ŮҪʮ֣ҪһˣһҲһ̬츾ûԼ˼ԺһĵӴܺĵһŵָƵ΢΢һЦɩӣҸոءܺû뵽һȻԼֱ׵˵Ļһ֮£ܺĵһŵָƵϲɵ¶˼ֲȻɫ
ܺĵϲȻɫûȫȥʱһɩӣţôƯôʣôʣŮѣһһһŮˣҿɾеøˡܺû뵽һ˵ȻһȻǽŸոյĻ˵ȥģǾȻȴȫһˣܺһ˵ĻԺȻһŵָƵϲȻɫȥĿ֮еһĨʧȴҲβסġ
ԼԼ֪ܺĵһ˫ˮĴ۾¶ʧıȻǺԣеʧĸоȴĸоˣоԼʧԺܺһεĸоʧ
ܺû뵽ԼľȻ뷨뷨ôԣѵԼϣһ˵Լ뿴Լ壬ԼôȻĻԼôʧĸоء
һŮڲ׽Ů˵Уܺĵһ˫ˮĴ۾¶ʧĸоȻǺԣһȴ׽ˣһһʶʲôһģһ¶һ˿ײĻЦ
ɩӣʵţҰ·ʱءһôߣ˵һܺʼĩĻһΣܺƺһ׼һŵָƵϲȻɫôԡ
һһ˵ܺҲһԼļԼʰʱ龰ˣ뵽һڿԼİɫʱֵֹֹܺĵĲɵһһŵָƵҲøӵĺ츾ĵӣһаֵͬʱֽŵɩӣţءܺļȲʾҲʾͬԼ˵ȥһĵӸ֮ҲøӵĹ
ܺĵøӵһ˫ˮĴ۾ȴ¶˼ֲײ˷ܵɫɫ֮Уһܸоõ츾ƺϲԼ̸һġ
һܺĵĿ˷ĵָƵ֮ϵĵɫøӵټϴɢĵ㣬һбó嶯һҲ֪ھԲԼܺĶֶŵʱʱĩ죬ȻĻԼǰŬǰ׷ˣǣһֻǿסĵĳ嶯Ǽܺˡ
ɩӣ쿴óǼ֪ɩҲһȤ˶룬ɩӾȻһĻôأҺɩһйͬأɩӣһὫԵߵɡܺĿһ˵⻰ʱ¶ֹŹֵı飬Ķһ֮£֪ܺһһԼǼӣһӿʹܺļҪ̲סıȥһ
ͬʱָܺоԼһ¶ǵԺӿһĪ˷ܵĸоָоĴ̼֮£츾ԼĳһλƺЩʪ
ЩҺһĿһģܺЩĽĿͶһߣҧ촽˺һܺĲŵһ㣬˵ʲôѽ㣬ô֪ǣҵءܺĵȻӽһģһȴˣһЦ֮£һɩӣ˵˵·ôҵ¹أ·ôյأɲҪ˵Ǯõѽһķܺһ˫ˮĴ۾вţʲôҲֻܺԼˣһʹܺԺ󣬻ͻȻһתɩӣ֪ô죬Ҽÿ϶ε㴩Ŷ·ءһֱףܺЩ޵뵽ԼһʮĸˣȻһ˧˵ţܺĵЩЩ˷ܣܺĲûֹһ˵ȥ
һܺĲûдԼĻҲû¶ı飬и˵ɩӣ֪ôţ㴩һԸеúܵģĲƬôСӦðסɣëһ¶͸ĲƬһԿſˮСءܺĸоһĻԽԽ¶Ķֱ֮£츾оԼ֮ںɫ֮µķĲλøӵʪ
һģ˵ЩʲôѽˣҪ˵ˣҪ˯ˡܺȻԼһԵ֮Ѿ˷Լ񻹺ϲִ̼ĸоƵģ뵽Լɷ뵽ԼŮ˯Լߣܺȴֹĵĳ嶯ڿʼֹһԽԽ¶ǵˡ
˵ԺܺĻԼأһ᲻ԼֹӶԼԵתȥֻǽһıһ
һȻܺĵ̬˸һٰʮȵĴתоЩʧ뵽ԼĻѾ˵ô¶ˣܺȴûԼǰʾʲôҲûԼһ֪츾ѾʼнԼȻ츾ڲСľ룬ȴԼܺĵĹϵһʵķԾ֤뵽һеʧĸоҲĵ
ո˵ԼܺĴŶʱһԺȻȻĸֳֻܺŶӣĳһλһӾͱôڣܺȻ屳Լȴֹɢĵ뵽Լı棬ɺŵϢһҲԼĵĳ嶯תţܺˡ
ܺĲ΢΢ţһʵԲ΢΢ţĹΣջһһںɫİ֮£츾ôԸУôˡ
Բɼĵڳ谵ĵƹ֮£ɢ˵ϢջһһǰЩȻ
ܺȻ壬һŷȴľţһոյĻ츾Ķ߻ܺĵĪЩ
һֱףܺĸоһԼֵǣ˿̵ܺģԶԼҰĵһûΣյĸоһĪ˷档
һתȻҲܺĵĶܺȻǱһȴʮֵһԼ壬˻ȵĿԼϴš
һ̵ܺģûΪһԼ͵͵ĿԼ˿̵츾ŵȴǣһں͵ԼԼĸλء
Լĺ󱳣̫ܣӦûʲôÿģټһԼҰԣҲֻ͵Լıô򵥵ģǻء츾뵽һֿܣøˡ
ĲλҲֻÿİɣȻʮˣҵĵȴôĻԲ̣ͦˣĻ͵ĻһҵϹɡ




027¡ϣ

뵽һĻĿԼһںɫ֮µķ˵ԵӼţ츾˷ܵüЩ֮䴫ʪĸо˼֡
һڼʱһͨһԼԼԽ͵ģ˵һûмһ飬ԲǼﲻŵġ
ոԼ۾ʱһȻҲĿԼɨţǱϾԼ֪֮·ģҪ˵ܺҲһ԰οԼɵġ
һΣǰȴȫһһΣԼŵģԼоһԼҰģ֮£ԼȻһĿԼһںɫذ֮µķ˵Եɨţܺ˷ܵͬʱЩ
뵽һԼĿȵĿԼܺȴָоһǰĩе˷ִܴ̼֮£ܺľȻ֪ôģһ£Լһǰӵͻ˳
һ󵨵ܺĵ֮ϵţַܺĹģСĻȵĸоԽԽĳһλҲڲֵ·һ˵Ȼôסһ˿ҲһֻëëһıܺĵĹ﷢Ļ֮⣬һоѪҺҲһֲֵأ뵽ܺĺԼڳϣԼľٶһܺľܾˣܺĴԺԼҪ·ˣ뵽ЩһȴֻǿסԵĳ嶯
һЩûʧʱȴͻȻ俴츾ͻȻ֣ʹһ´½һ˷Ϊ츾ںɫ֮µķ˵ԵԼǰӵͻ˳ԺһƬʺĵ⾹ȻͬҪһġ
ŸոԼô¶ǵԶûܺһ֪츾ҲѾԼھҪԼûǸȥժŭŵõˡ
һһڿˮ׼ʼжˣΪ˱һȴǶ츾˽һֻ̽һ
λõԭһ˯ͷܺ˯棬һ֮Ի־ٶΪһܺĵȥܺûзԵĻԼ˳ѹ츾ϣܺĲûԼе˼ĻԼԽϲԵʣӶʹԼܺ˵϶Թȥ
ģһƶ壬һֻſ絽ܺĵһ࣬һֻҲŽŷ˹ȥڵһ嶼ܺĵϷ
һԺһЩŵĿű۾ܺģһ֮ԻţΪ֪һ£ԼܷܺĵĹؼܺķԼԼǰŭˣԺܺҲһкɫԼġ
ܺĲԼǾ֤ԼܺĵϵѾﵽԤڵЧôԼͿԽ츾˳µѹˣľٶԼܺĹϵ֮һˮ죬һ뵽Щôܲء
ܺĴ˿˼糱ʱô˯أһԼľٶܺǽ˷츾֮˷ܣΪ֪һԼַĴ̼֮£ѾЩͲסˣҲ֤Լһǰ޾
֮ܺԻţΪܺıϾһѻĸˣȻʶõԼһѹԼϣζʲôˣ뵽ԼһԼ͵ڱԼɷ򣬱ԼŮΪҪЩֿµĺ츾ôܲء
ì֮£ܺĵԲķȲһ̣ܺúܶܶ࣬뵽ɷԼ䵭뵽ҹ˾ʱԼᵽļį뵽һӢ뵽ԼҰĵ˵ƽ⡣
뵽Щܺƺ⣬ڸоһԼϷԺֲΪ˵ܺȻ֪һڵԼĻӦˣоһ֮£ԼܺĵѸٵڻ
ģܺһ˯òı飬ȻתԼƽֻܺãԼڵѾó嶯ȫѪҺҲһģֻܺѹԼԼĺûԼһǰ¶ȵľٶ
һܺĵϿգʱȻһȴøͬȥʮһģһŲһеѹܺĵϵʱȴܺĵĶ
ܺԼ£һ츾һŵָƵøҪγѪһģȻĺʮֵƽȵģ΢΢ĲŵĽëȴʾ츾ǺεȵĽźεȵ˷ˡ
˽ľ룬ʹһŵ츾ϢҲܹоõ츾˳ϵɢȵϢִ̼ܵһôܵء
һһ֮£ͽԼѹܺĵ֮ϣȵϢѸٵĴһÿһλִ̼ܵһĳһλһ˲ͱüӲ
ܺĸоһѹԼϣһӲȵĶһӾͶεԼĶ֮ϣǳ˴͸Եʹ츾ͻȻһѾһĸоָоĴ̼֮£ܺĸоԼ֮ںɫذ֮µķСһһҺ˳
һоԼѹܺĵԺ󣬾ͬѹһ޻һģȴֱ޻ҪԵöůö࣬һһʼ壬ܺĵŤʼԼĸλܺĵĦ
һĸоõԼܺĵϼѹĦţܺĵһ½ذ֮µķ˵Եķ飬ڲͣı״мޣҲֻһԼóˡ
ܵһܺľҪװ˯Ҳǲܵˣ֮£ܺһովѵӣǸոˮĴ۾ܺľͿһñĿ⿴Լ
һӣܺĵ岻ɵ΢΢һʱһͷȴʮּᶨܺĵӣӡ˹ȥ
ܺĿһҪԼһ˫ˮĴ۾вɵ¶˼ֻҵĿ⣬ȴסһܽڻĻȵĿ⣬ģܺĵ۾Ҳ¶˼ֿŽߵĿ⡣
˵촽ԽԽԽԽ˶ŵõӶԷıˣۿһܺĵ촽Ҫӡһˣ˯ܺĵߵǮȴʱһҲһ£ӣϾͻѹһġ
ǮõȻ󣬵һܺĵĶȴһըף֮е˶ûɢ
ܺǮõԺһӾ˹츾ʱʶԼŮ˯ԼߣԼȴһһţԼŮһУܺҪĶˡ
ܺһһ˫ˮĴ۾Ҳ¶˼ְĿ⿴һܺĳӣһһ̾ϢһԺһǻһɢܺĵϹ
һ֪ʵһܺĵĴõʱ˽죬Ҳ֪ʲôʱٻֻˣǮõһ̣ȴԼļƻʹһ
ȻһҲǮûѹԼѹܺĵȥܺľ˸ոյ飬ҲһӭԼˣһȴҲֻǾŸոܺĵϵõĿ֣츾Լѹ£Ȼûн뵽棬̸ϵܺģܺĵ̬ȣȴһϣ֪ĻĻܺһӲԼħצģ뵽һڼƻһӦȥ츾ˡ
ţһ¶һ˿Цݣʮ죬ʮʱԼͲƾԼĴ첻һο츾Ļ뵽һָֻţڳ˯˹ȥ˯УһԺﶼǽܺѹµһֱ̣վԺһŸܺĺǮøҡ˹
˳һСͳһǵĿĵʻ˹ȥһ·֮ϣһ֮ܺΪ̳ϵһĻжЩȻǮ÷·֪Լϵһ̽һԼĸ׵һģһһһЩϵ⡣




028¡ɽϣ֮һ

һ·޻Сʱ·Ժһܺĵϼңܺĵϼ滷ɽһƬɫʹһͻȻһˬĸоܼҵ֪ܺҪϢľ·ߵȺˣһǺ󣬲ʮӣܺĵļ
һ·;Ͷ٣˶Щƣ˺ҵĳһЩϴһϴ˯ˣڶԹ緹ԺܺҪȥĴ磬ǮñҪȥģȴΪܺǮþһͶ٣ԶΪɸܾˣ£ֻܺһɽһͷĴļ˹ȥ
һߵʱ򣬿ǮŸ죬һ˵ӣвɵİЦһȻ֪ܺҲΪǮû֮ĺ£ŲģǵһǮÿԼʱһ˫ˮĴ۾¶ЩĿʱȴɵһһֵֹֹĸоӿͷʹһԼҲԼôֹŹֵĸоˡ
ǵһߵ·ϣԼǰܺһ£ݹʱ̳һĻһԺ︡˳뵽Ҳ츾һԼĻᣬҲԼԼ̳츾û飬һֱÿ嶯ԭǮԼʱԼŹֵĿ⣬Ҳȥ
ܺĽ촩һʮֳ·ŵһȻʮֿ󣬵ȴЩ͸ʹһԼĿõİ츾ʵķ
츾°ǴһĽȹȹֻܺĵĴ˸·ʮֵľ룬ʹܺĵĻԲʵˣȫı¶һǰȹһ˿ԣͬܺĵĵڶ㼡һģĻԲ̵֮ͦϣһǰչ˳
ѾһνܺĵĻԲ̵ͦˣһãÿһΣܺĵԼһĸоЩоһԼԭʼܺĵһɵаһ
˿̣ܺĵ·ƶҡţڿлһĹΣջһһ龰֮УͻȻ䣬һʶʲôһģǲɵ¶˼ֻЦݡ
ŮһƾԼε͵Ůľ飬ľãǰҡŵܺĵ֮ϵƺЩʲôһʼһΪ⣬ڣһȴ֪ܺĵʲôˡ
յ˵ɫĽȹͬĵڶ㼡һĽı֮ϣʹĻԲ̵ͦԼǰ˺һܹܺĵƬ·΢΢ŵӣһܹõƬ֮γɵĵŤŵ˷顣
Щ޿ɺǵģɫȹİ֮£ȴʵ̫⻬ˣ⻬ͬһ澵һģǵԺĸоȻʮֵˣڶȹ֮ϣӦûӡӰӰɡ
һĿҲһ˿һӡӰӣǾֻ֤һ⣬ǾǣҪô츾ûдҪô츾ľǶȻĻǲܲĽԶȹӡġ
뵽һԺһͻȻΪһ֪ܺûдǴŶܺ°ڶȹ֮µ壬һǷޣ˿ԺѪġ
뵽ܺĽǮöһߣԼ˳һܺĵĶȹ֮µ˵пʼԽҪڴڴ֮УһȻͬһһοԼ˵Ĳһֱ
ܺĵĴ磬סɽһ棬ҪǱߣҪһɽ᫵ɽ·֮ϣһܺߵЩӣҲӵĿ϶֮ܺԻὫԼΪ˸ԼһԶĻƲˡ
ΪһȻ֪·ܺΪһ˶ǲ֪ܲ·ģȻ֪·ôߣܺȴһֻʺڸߵ·ǲŮΪݣʲôء
ޱȣȻܺĴñȽɽʱܺĵĺ󱳣ȴǸĺˮʪˣճĺ֮ϡһ͸ճܺĵĺ󱳵Ŀ츾⻬ļİһԷ˵Եķ
һ̧ͷȴܺĵڶȹ֮µķԲԼǰԶĵطһǲɵ¶˼ֻЦݡ
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ԼԼͷǲǾͺܺĵƽˣԼͨƵԭǲǾͿԴĶȹ֮п֮羰֤ʵԼƲģһȷء
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һЩҲڰϣţϣ漣֣ܳİܺĻԲ̵ͦɫȹһ㣬Լܺĵ֮ʵķ羰
ͬʱһ־ãȻΪɫȹʹԼ֮ܺʵ羰ȴԼ˸ռ䣬Լֱӿ츾֮ķ羰ֶ˼˵˵ĸо
һƺԼŵƺһɵܺĵ֮ɢ˳뵽Լı棬ŵɲ̫ŵȴʮܴ̼˵񾭵ϢһƺЩɴ
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һԽԽ󵨣ܺĵıҲ˵Ʈɢɽ֮ϣʹⱾįɽЩޱ
츾ı﷢ͬλһŴ츾ɢĵɢĲ̫ŵȴܴ̼˵ϢһζܺĵԼĦŸԼĿ֣һĲɵֱ
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ܺľԼǰ͸Լץһ˺ȹ֮һγһ϶ģһԼǲǾͿԴǸ϶֮Уܺĵ֮便ûд·أ뵽ЩһЩڸ
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еϰѾɨ츾صشҲѾӳɫħСܺĵëܶҲŨȴ൱룬޼һϣһֱӵڣҪֶڸסƬ۴ѾҲڸǲסǷۺɫ˵խˡ
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һûиĶֻİס԰ضڡִָٴμȸŪʼ̽Ǹĵײץסˣ֧ʣµָʼλĲݡ
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ͻȻܺĸеһ˿ĲЭһѾͲסˡһﲻԼĿܵķӦʹܺ׼ȥڵסԼ˽ȴһסһ
ȣִͦۺʵ¶һסɷһԵʹܺĸеߺ졣һͷȥܺϵĺˮ˫ܺĵӣܺĵĶܺĵĶ˵İɣɩӡһܸεˡܾһ仰ʹܺĵķ߳׵ıݻˡܺĸеԼϵѾ޷ֵǴԾõִȵ崩Խٴǰ
ܺĽյɿеԼİһǰڡܺĲ԰İԾԼڡǱɿ˫֡ѾеĵֿѾ˸ΪԼİ
ʱܺľһý۵СݣĸԸĵȴűϮѾûκε赲˵ִ֡ԾȮһ׼ȷ﷽ƽ
һ˵ȫĲˡ޴ĹͷҲ͵µĳ̶ȣ츾ƬŨ˿ŵխĹȼƽ
޴ĹͷĴ͸ƬʪĺɫԭİٴνӴܺͬԴͷļٴŢĴĹȵС۴ʧȥ˷Ĺܣ߳ܵؽס⻬ȵĹͷͷļٴȥ̽㷼ݵأ֭ٶȱӿһعͷ
һִعͷʼܺĵضڽƷζ۶нĦĿУխ˽ڱ΢΢š
һһζԼִĹͷһ˿˿ܺ紦Ůխ۶ĿУһ̰ܺǻ糺ƷζֶׯŮٱһʱ߳ı顣
ִĹͷʧһǰխŮ˽Ѿ޴ĳſȥݺͼнһĹͷһĹͷ̽ѾҺ÷ǳ󻬵õضУܺĴδ֮ĵڶ˿ŵ۶֪ؼнߡִĹͷܺʪյ۶ס͡
ܺǿҵظо׳ĻسſԼС壬ִĹͷѾȫ強Լص۶СԼ۶ȻڼнһʶһĴִͷȻûбȫ룬ܺѾ޴߳񷢿Ƶȼ
Ҫˡô󣬺ѽܺźšһĹͷܺʥУ츾ڡ츾غشһİ建ֻ֣˽˷ֻ֣֮֮Ϊṩ˽˷ĳ˿ҲΪṩͬķ




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ʱܺĸоһĴͷ΢΢ͦԼСѨŮԵĽ츾ɵļ⿹áѽһһ㡭ܡԡมมܲȥҪȥӴҡ󡭡㡭Ҫมιҡ桭㲻Ҫȥ𡭡һŶมιӡеġһѽˣǡҪ𣿡һҡ㡭ҰɡࡡʱһĴͷѱܺĵСѨļסúůͣp飬ܺĵýȥˬһʱ嶯ĽӲ󼦰ͲȥѽܺһʹĽţɺתɻҰףͷð亹۷ףҧгţǷǳʹࡣһһʱͷĲ˽ȥ˿ܺĵʹžܺļį˺þãԼôĴִĲ˽ȥܳܵס
һܺʹӣֹͣ壬ϧıסܺģšãֻܺСѨһȵĴ󼦰ͲţȻеʹĸойpĳУϮͷʹñ˫ۣ΢΢΢΢Ťƨɡ
һܺţŤţ֪Ѿָس鶯Ŵ󼦰ͣһһĳҲȥ˱ܺĵķ顣ãܺĽظоǹʹѾʧڷһɧķ鱻ǵͷppɧˮʹһĴ󼦰͸׵Ĳˡ
һĴ󼦰سز룬ذܺĲζˮҲŽ˳СѨʪܵģģʹһе󼦰͵Ľ˳ǲҴĳ壬ŪʹܺĵСѨ
ʱܺǳ˳ˬζһĻӣֹɧеѹڵܺģǼһĳСѨŻеʹ죬ֲ˼˵ֻԼͦƨɣŤƨɣСѨѨģִֿıͷײš
ܺԼŤϵ̧ƨɣԼŪɧѹС̲סáมมһѽ㡭ġȥࡡҡô졭Ӵҡˡһ㡭һҺһ㡭ιȻ˼ҡҲġࡡһˬ֮ʱܺĵ˵üЦ˵áŶɩӣһᰮģ㲻ú£úõĸһһúõİ㣬ҵĺɩӡࡡɩӡȻˡšߡ˼ҡҪ㡭֡˼ҡҪúõġһ桭һʹ졭มมһѽɡιɩӡ㡭ʹ졭มมɡɡŶѽһ벻ܺĻӴ˵ˬ죬ʹϲĴسСѨһֵܺģҧгݵؽšáࡡһѽҵġһɡɩӰɡมѽɩѾǡˡ㡭塭ӴáɩӡˡࡡιѽŶһѽ˼ҡáˬ졭มมѽˡӴҵġһһˡมŶɡ˼ҡˡѽˬˬˡࡡιѽࡡһɡมιɩӰɡࡡιѽɩӡˡŶѽɩӡ̲סˡˡӴѽɩӡˡมมˡӴˡСѨһǿֱһĴͷϣСѨ˳СѨܺƨɵ²ݵأʪܵһƬܺĵҲˬ̱ڲݵϡ
ʱ𾢳һܺĳڲݵϣʹеûоǳķζݴ͵ķʽȥСѨ˫ܺķţϣٶȼܺĵ
ãܺģֱһȼؽһսͦƨɣŤƨɣ˫ֽıסһһ죬ȥһҵšһܺĸɾͷţĳ顢Ĳ壬ذܺĲĽáมιѽһҵġˡһࡡܸɡá˼ҡˡࡡιɩӡˡһӳǽŮˣǹɳмǹֻĿС˿̵ܺѾ֪ζȵһγ˾ҪͣͦƨɣϵȥŤƨɣȫƨɣȥһĳ塣
һƽʱľܺģ벻СѨô˳Уݳһͳľ͵ĳܺĵСѨ
ʱܺźˮϵĲ˫ֽץסݣͷͣİڶţȫҲŲϴŤСڰзţСҲĴáࡡҵġһһมม㡭ˡҡˡӴιѽ˼ҡÿѽҵġมѽһŶŶѽ˼ҡˡࡡһ㡭á˼ҡˬˬˡมม˼ҡܡû㡭ӴιѽɩӰһˡŶιҵĸ硭ҵһѽˡࡡáһѽɩӡˡ첻ˡɩӡð㡭ࡡιѽɩӡܡû㡭㡭Ҫ뿪ɩӡŶŶมมɩӡˡˡҪˡӴιѽҪ㡭ˡҵġһҡˡѽ˼ҡġˡ졭졭һܺĴŤĽ̼񾭣Ҫˣ˿Ҳ泩úáมɩӡҵġáɩӡҵġɩӡ㡭õáҡˬð㡭Ҳˡ춪ˡȵҡҡڡСѨɡŶѽҡˡӴһɩӡ첻ˡġ̲סˡһ㡭ѽһ㡭ɩӡˡӴܡˡһࡡιѽɩӡมҲˡѽˡӴҶˡŶѽˡࡡˡһŨŨǿһĴͷϣڽҪͷ泩һpˣ׵׵ı̲סıһһɣһһŨӲ̵ĴͻܺĵСѨѨġճܺģһһɵǿͻѨϣʹ˸ˬ˻ȥ
ϢһܺƺѾ˾һֱסܺģ˫Ľܺļһٺļһ£˵áιһٺˣҪˡһȴûܺĵĻĸţţְܺĵɧ
ãһܺĲԣԼȲ£΢΢ͻʹСѨſƽӣǸӲĴ󼦰ͣסСѨĶϡ
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ܺĵ˴˿̣ҲѾ鲻ԽԼɫȹ֮µķ˵ԵĴƨһĿ粿ĦһŵָƵ֮¶˼Ļ𻨣˵ƣһĴ󼦰ͣһӾͱ
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ܺĵĿ֮Уһ֪츾Ȼ鶯ˣȴǾ˼ԼĴɩģ֮£һһЦıܺĵ˳츾˷ϵ壬ŵߵ⡣
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ܺĵĽøӼ٣˫Ҳıסһĺ󱳣һĻ䶯š
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㻬Сһ߰һĿǻջһ񾭣һҲʾԼͷС߾һ𣬲߲ݡ
һôҰܺǷβţܺĵë̽˽ȥ½ץУץޣдӲĴʵ̫ˣһֱԣµǹѲ֪ʲôʱ
һЩ͵İܺƵ˲ݵϣͳݵϵܺȥܺ֫ſڲݵϣۺһһĶͷϡһǡϧϵ·ֹһǰĲܺķ·һ˼һɬһЦ΢΢̧ͬʱ˫۾ٹͷ
һúÿ죬·ҪܳƵģһס˺ЩֱŵĽëܺĵͷӳһɫĳ彫ø߸ߵģȻܺĲûд֣ͷ״ɼһĺüоЩڸҲͣܺĵǰ
һЩӣܺȻһЦȻֽ⿪˳еĿӡһܺĵԣһֽϰ飬˫ס½͵һװ׵ġͦͦһӳһǰ
ޣʵ̫ˡ۵Ƶģܺĵ鷿ֳ״ͦһ˿´ļĶˣȦϺɫΰΧʺεӣңһʾƵĽͦš
һȫʧˣܺĵǰһںס飬ҧ˱һҲûк˱ˣָסܺĵ飬ĸ
һ۾Ŷ˵㣬ԼصԼͯ꣬صŵĸ׵ůһ䷳ܺĵ鷿š˱ţʱʱĻӣҰͷ˱ͷδȦһĶʮֵᣬΪһͻܺġһ££ܺǰӣұøӼͦͬʱҲЩ͵šߡšܺĽޱȵĽߣеӳңһ̧ͷһܺģֻ죬˫գϢݣ˫͵ץµĲݵصܺĵ̬һҲ޷ͣ˫ֱܺҲ͵̧βһ˳Ľȹ£ܺĵֻʣһߡ
һͷܺıݣֻһɫڿİһźɫճɼ벿λЩˮյĺۼһסץסڿߣȥ
ܺϵĽͦһ˳Ľڿʵ˴ȸһڼܺޱȶ˵˽ֳ˵ķۺɫبУŨܵëΪȱ޼ңΪҺʪߡ
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һܺͬʱһһֻһӽһůڡۣʵ̫ˣһֻܵİţһǿҵĿֱԣһʦδ벻ܺĵŮѾˣѨȴ紦ŮխС
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һ㰡ܺƺҧһ㷢ӣС﷢ĵȴģ˫ֽĽһͬʱҵͦţӭһһһεĳ̡
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һҡˡܺһƳļУһҺѨӿͬʱһֻüһʹûгһļ¼֮󣬴ﵽ̱߳ܺڲݵϣСֱ
һķܺĵϣͷĶٵĺбһƬ֪˶ãܺĽĴӸ߳ϵ˹ܵһȻڵļͦĺֱüˡһаЦ˫ȴǰٻ
ովһθ߳ԵʮֵУһܺ˫Ŀ죬˿ҧһĶ÷һһɣ˵§һһŮϵơ
ŶһðܺһҲͣϢһϵŪһܵҰһ档Ҫ֪ڲݵϿǺܴͳģұȽϺߣһҲԸǿһֱһ֮䲢û̫ĻһĸоȴκܴġҲΪһĹϵܺĵϴһ˿⣬˫ֳһǰŪš
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һ̲ס˫סܺǰֻãͬʱҲͦţܺĽ࣬һжԵôгһ̲ס̾ɩáܺɬĳһȻһЦһһڣŤøһʱ֮䣬̡̡֮ݵҲ˲ɵĿ飬ءء֮ģܺĵϳһϸϸĺ飬׵İڶε㺹ҲĴɽһ˫ִǰ˻תסһ֮
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һܺĵ˫˵ңɩӣϲϲҵĴ϶
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һʱĴһĴܺĵաһԸ˵ſͣҵĹͷ죬죡ҪҴȡ
ܺȴҡԴ˵ޡҪһ˼Ҳᴵ˼ϹġûԹġšŶҪ˼ҡĲ
һܺԼɷûڽһĸǴ֣뵽ܺǵһθ˿ڽԣһż˹ܺǴƵϸ˫գƬ֮ſʼͷ촽ϣҪܺĵĿУμȴƴҡͷؽ˵ʲôҲһĴͷ룻һͻͼ֮⣬Ҳغܺ˵ԣɩֵĹԱſͣҰѹͷúõغһ
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һ̣һԺתͷ뵽ܴ־Ĳ˵뵽ǻ֮꣬뵽ĵ˹뵽츾ķ֭뵽Щһ֪ԼϰᣬôԼһܴᣬӶƷ츾壬Ϊ뵽ЩǵĻûоһĴԾ˵˳
ڿԼĻԺһŵָƵ֮¶־ϲı飬һĵõ˼㣬£һתתͷԺ󣬿ʼĸύ
õһĳŵǷĴϲʱȻǶһƴˣһһ˵ţһ츾ɢĵʹ֮ĲλҺϢһѧ츾壬Ȼֵ˼㡣
ȻһҲ֪Լֻǳμ棬ԼܲջֶŵĻ˵ᱩ¶ԼҰģӶʹ츾дӶﲻԼĿģһۺ츾֮⣬ĵûжֶš
᱾һȽܸɵŮˣһİæܿģĲһͶȻܴ־֪ܺҪûʲô׼ܺĺһ˶ýȻֻͨòͨķˣһȴǳԵýζ
ֻһֵǣԼԺܺĺܴ־̸ֹͣܺĵһ˫ȦҲǺģڳԷʱܺҲһ겻ӣһ
һȻ֪һǸոԼһʱܴ־֮ܺ϶˵ЩʲôˣܺĵӣһҪ֮便̸Щʲôǵܴ־޵棬ȴֲʣһֻýеʸѹȥ
ԹԺһһۿɫܺĺһǽߣʱͻȻվ˳˵ԼɽϴһˣҪɽȥɢɢģܺһߣܺĺܴ־Ȼ벻һ⣬´Ӧ
һɽΪһڳһ֮ܺҲñ¶ȵӣ񽿿˵£񽿵һӦԼǵ飬һ·ºܸߣܺĵ˼ָոһʱһ·֮䵹Ҳల¡
ܺļסĴӣԶԶľͿһӰվڴԶԶ˵ӰԺ˷ɿ˹ߵýˣһܺĲſܺĵŮǮá




041¡Ħʱɲһ

ῴǮãȻٲ麮ůһһվһߣǮãһΪƾǮԼʵϵ龢һԼ˵ϼ仰ģһȴû뵽ֱ߻ܺĵļǮñ˵Լ˵ƶûԼһ¡
뵽ǮҪĸɽȴֹܺˣһΪǮǲҶĸ׷𣬴ӶԼϣ²Ϊ⣬Ҳûж롣
ԹԺһŽܺĲųΪԼŮˣҪҹ˾ʱȥοܺһ£һԳһܺĵԼĸоأܺĺܴ־̸ʲôܺôһʼһʺţһҲҪᣬܺʸ
һû뵽ǣԼܺĵǰʱܺĺ̸ȴǮܺĵһȻͲýȥˡ
һΪǮԼĸףֻΪһûмĸˣԳĸ׻ʱˣˣһˣ˾ͿԳˣһվһĽﾲĵš
˵̸ʱĴһĶһ̸ܺģǮѧϰϵ飬ܺĸǮýķϰߵ£һҲǮڸԼĸˣӡ
һֱȵʮӣܺĺǮ˵̸˻Ũúܣ̸֪֮ܳأһ֪ԼҪȵǮóԺٺܺĻԸʮа˾Ǵﲻɵˣ֮£һֻҡͷ̾Ϣһǻʧ䣬صԼķ˯ȥˡ
һȻڰʱܺĴȹǱϾ࣬Եڻû˯⣬ڴϵһ뵽ᣬ뵽Լŵ飬һʼıԼɽԺҪôĸᰲһ
뵽Լᰲ˹Ժ츾ҲͻԼһǲɵ¶˼ֻЦݣԺ˯˹ȥԺһ·𿴵ȫĸԼѹ£﷢ĵ˹龰
һָоʱǮò֪ð˳һҧгݵķ·뽫һ˵ӣҲĵһɫǣ裬ȨҴ裬㿴ôʰ㡣Ǯһţһо˹Լε龰һɵȻʧЦһ֪ԼȻܺѾ¶ˮޣһֱܽеģǮǲ֪ģԼ֮ΣʵЩˡ
Ժ˯˹ȥԺܺģԼǮŮӵӰʱʱһξ֮г֣һ˯֮Уоޱȵޡ
ڶϣһѹһҲ̲סˣҪٳҹ˾ʱȥܺĻᣬһκһģǮûܺĵķԼĸ״ţþòȥһɵĶǮú޵ģȴƫ޿κΡ
һǻĻص˷ԺһţǮٳܺĵķԼǵȵڶҲҪȵǮóȥ֮ܺĻᣬ뷨һڳ˯˹ȥ
Ϊʼյòйһһ϶û˯ãڶһľ˹Ų߳⣬Ұһ£ȵ˵ʱ򣬲Żصܺĵļһŵʱһɵ΢΢һ㶣ܺں˵ʲôһʶ
һԺæվͨܺĵĽܣһ֪ܵİԱ򳤺ܺĵġ
ֿһԺ󣬱ż˵̸һ˵⣬Ǵ򳤺ܺĵģ򳤺ΪиᣬԲȴ磬Ҫܺһμӡ
һǱȽٳϵӦģͻȻ䣬һʶʲôһģŻԥҪҪӦȥܺĿ˹ȥʱܺҲһ˫ˮĴ۾һ˵Ŀڿ֮һײһ˿
·֪һԼʾʲôһģܺĵ²ԥӦ򳤺ǵ룬һܺĴӦвɵİһ֣֪ԼϲܺĵǮ߲ܺܺĻˡ
˵õܺĵͬ⣬¸˳ȻﰲȥˣһֻʣܺĺԼʱ΢΢һ֮£һţҪԼǮøȥ뷨˵
һĻûüڣǮҲ֪ĸطһһð˳ܺĵǰԺǮȵܺĵĸ첲裬ҪԷȥô̫ˣе÷ءǮһҪܺȥӣһɵаĽ˿ҪֹǮøȥ磬һȴ˿ڣֻżˡ
ǮõһŵָƵ֮¶ڴɫܺȴɫһãʲôѽӦ꣬ȥʲôѽСӼҼҵģڼŰɣϣҺȥڼܺϴǵľܾǮãһҪЦһʱõһǮվһĲ鲻Ըӣһʱ֮£һЦߵǮõߣãûµģ㲻ȥұ֤һὫǷݳԻġǮǻĻ޴һһĴǸǮȥһѵĳͲһһ˵ԺǮֻĸϻһıԳԳԣ֪һԣ㿴Եò³ô˵ǮͻһתҲԼһˮһһۣ˳ȥ
ǮԼǰͻȻһһʴӵĸоһҲû뵽һľǮþȻΪһС¶βһıЩĿɿڴĿ˿ȥǮһۣһЦҡҡͷ
ȻǮþȻ̬ȵĶԴԼһҲЩ뵽ǮòԼܺˣԼܺԾܶ磬һеǵ㲻ƽ⣬Ҳһɢˡ
ϣܺĺһԼϣ򳤺ͰźˣϵԱĴ֮£һҾƵ򳤺ܺһ򳤵ߡ
һٳϵһȻ·ˣɽһ澭֧εǶֱϣεҲίܺĵϹɽѾˣͻ⣬ﵱίҲָտɴˡ
ҲΪʲôֻܺһ򳤷˵ݣ򳤺ǶԭˣҲΪʲôܺԭ
򳤺ǴҪͽܺģϯȻǲܺľ˾Ҳ֪ܺҪԼһϲܼҵɣľˣȻ߲ܣƵɡ
һΪȻԱͳִĶˣ˵Ȱ֮£һҲ˲ٵľƣȵϯʱһҲѾҡҡλεģͷЩܺıһȴԵŨŨ
Ȼǲٻصܼȥˣ£򳤺ָʾԱܺĺһ˵ݿ䷿䡣
ܺסԺԱһߣ˵ҪһȥݸѾƣһҪܺĵģһܺѾ࣬һҲɲʲôһ̫ˣԼ־ܾĻҲ˵ĵģڰư֮£һϵһϴԡġ
ԱǺһϴԡĵĳͣϴԡԺ˰һһ䣬˵һķԼһзȫˣȻ˾뿪ˣһֵ֪طȻǵжһЩȻЩ鵱治̫ÿҲĽˡ
ϴһ裬ԡصԼС䣬ССܾ£ʩֻ࣬һŸɾɫĴһ̨ӡһӣ˶ѣĵƹⲢģ΢΢Щ죬һܰĸоóⷿ˺ǻһԽҪסɱҪﵽԤڵЧȴҲ¡
ش֮󣬽һĺܰŮӣϸزͦӲƯ۾鶯ĸоһ׵ƿɵƹŵǸղһҪһȡ
ҪĿȣţ̣ǣŮѿȷڹ˵ζЩݵĸ㡣лл18ŰĦʦҿΪרҵİĦ𣿡Ů˺һ΢΢һ˹غȻʵһؿһۣıȻҲ棬һȻרҵ顣Ȼ΢Цɫ̶֮ȾԲЩй̨ЩְԱĲ




042¡Ħʱɲ

ţһÿɷ񺬺Ӧһлл㣬ϣҵķܹȥһƣɿ֣ŮȥȥܸˣϵЦԽԣЦݵĸȾ£ƽòʱ·Ҳ˼ɫģڵĺɫĹ£һȻЩ⶯
ﶼЩʲôأһʵȻĵطᷳ˵Ŀ˳һ㡣ҪַһǱ׼ŷʽĦ͡һ138飬һʽĦ˫ԡȫơȫףһ338飬һ˫࣬ʦһ񣬼۸558顣磬Ҫʽأ˫ࣿĺܶ˶ѡʽĦŮʵʻѧʣѾһЩӪɴʻУѡԵʼɺͷ͵ﾡʩչ
ŷʽİɣһף˵Ů΢΢Щʧʧı˲Ϣһһ仰󣬸ǷǳĸˡĺõĻٿʽģİɣ磬ҵļһ⣬͵ܰɣŮӿĵ˵Ȼ߳䣬һһЩҲӦñӡ
һڴϿţʵеţǵһֵطȻֻǮ򴺵Ϊһðȴֹ˵һҪЩĳЩ˵˼õϴԡУôһõĸо
磬㷭ȥŮ˵һŮʾ£СĵطӣѹʲôŮվڴߣ΢΢ؿһЦ
һӣڴϣŮһϵԡˮûκεһʱƬߵſ˴ϣӲŹۡ
Ů͵һıϣȻɵ֣ذȫ΢΢ЩĸоŻоǳĺãһܿ˸оſڴϣĳλĵ͡
ʲôְΪ˻һеĽţһʵҽдᣡŮش𡣡˰һʡɽģش
һ΢΢Щʧ̳ϵ˵ŮӣĴϵĺãƤ⻬ԸºͣɽľҪ΢һ㣬ҲһŶۡ
ʱѾеͶͿһĺʼϵ°ĦַȷʵȺλöյĲÿһ°ѹһĸоտʼʱ򣬰Ħһļ粿Ӿһֿɼĵطһѵһֻ֣λãоģûж⣬ָкܺãظһȻ쵽ͦɵβλáһƣܹľСΧҲСֻСƬ߮оܲˬ
ʱˣһʵһ£ششĺܿ죬ͱİױ׼һ㡣ҲһеŮı޿ΰɡ
ſڴϵһšѵ֣жĹȥѾ˳ĦĽ˺һһͼıɿգһ޺޵ҧ
Ȼͺã㰴Ħ꣬ʵһ£һ£ǳЦ˵һһбĿ⣬գգ۾Ȼһֻϸ޳ָͰһһֻḧһβһĸоָ⴫Ѹٵشȫһĸоġ
ᰴĦķǳϸŹκεĵط£˫ȫβãغ֮һֱֻõĶһֻ򰴸ڴϣϣһֱȵĸưڴȵλϣĸָȻ´㣬ȸʱĸָոմµƲĴһˣַһӵĿ󣬴ʱһ֮䣬΢΢طţŮִֵذĦһ飬ȻֱʼԼ·£Ŧ۵֣ײְҵװˣرǶһˣְҵװİײһĿƷƣ֪Ƿء
ȥ£¾Ůȴһز㴩ŵֻһĨ£Ҳһ㲻´Ҹű£ȫԴͱ˵Ԥ뵽״΢΢̵Բ׶Σ
Ȼȥ˶ȹȫֻʣһĨۺɫһһߵСڿ㡣һð̹⣬ؿŴ·Щ֪룬ȻղѾЩ׼ʱĳǷǳĴԼҲѾ΢΢عغһŬʹԼ͵͵ؾ
ʱѾ˴ϣֿȣһϣͻȻӴӣһʹһһ֧⡣
ղŵĴְִĦϵѾȵͿĨϣʱǳһϣϸµذĦһ󱳵ÿһءһƴŤת֣εֻߵһع⻬Сȶѡ
֮±Ħһ飬ͻȻͣ˼ʮ룬һϸһ죬ȻͿĨ۷۵±˸ղµ·ϣδعѾſսѵһƿͷȵ£ͻȻ֮һѽŵ񾭣˷ܵĿִȫͻȻ֮о˺ܶ࣬СĵŲһ壬ͽ͵ʹĳλšɽѹȡ
ԸоļҲѾӲˣһػЩоˬڲϵذ̾޹ֺôԸ˳ƽķȷʵ붼롣
һᣬῪʼſ壬ʼ࣬ȺġеԵĳһıϺ¡¡һκ뷨ȫ˳ΨһܸоľԶţ
һʱѾǳ˷ܣκε˵ıǰȻ޴棬һַ쵽棬΢壬ĴȣȻŹ⻬ĴһֱϣֱĿ꣡ᲢûбʾκεķԡһĴָסеشָزڼ䣬ůůģЩʪоǳĺãһֱڹ԰ĺӣժһֻεһ㡣˶˷
磬оòãʱͻȻſһıϣһĶ䣬شһȻʵţһǿطش
ͻȻЩңʵˣ¡شֹͣ˶ֻǰǰſһıϡ21ۣȻһӾͲˣôµİᾪȵʵ
Źأһ룬һ18ӦҲ˵Ҳµģһش𡣡ҲУӦȥƱ˵ȻһĽŸϣʼĲ֡һֻŸõ棬һܹоȻůʪ
бҵһʡǣרҵӪרҵôأһʵŹֲӪô
Ǯ̫ˣشĵҲʵڣʼһƨɺʹȣֻƨϿʼ࣬оеܲˣʼŤ˼ƨɡֳƣʼһƨɹࡢꡢץָое˵ζ
磬𣿡ʵУһᣬͻȻôĴָһĸᰴ˼£һ˳ֹһᣬִȼǰһСܵܣһ˫΢΢̧𣬺ȫһСܵϸ˼£Ȼһ
̫ģָоʵ̫ˡһи̾ʱ򣬴ͻȻֹ֮ͣеĶӴȻ˵磬ǰɡáһشȻͷ˸ʱʶһֱǱصŭذͦأкΡۣôó磡ǿ㲻Ŷ὿Ц˵һĽڵĵƹ··Ρ
ޣȱ˵Σһġʵһ˴Ķ࣬ҲĶ࣡ɫҲƯĶŶῪĵĻشһĵõ˼㣬ŭ·Ҳо˵Ľһ£˷ܵ˦˦ͷܵкأһЦ˵һЦ
˵֮䴺ѾһϣһزͣȻ࿪һͷоˣһҲû£쵽ǰеؿʼĳߴͻȣ۾ȥҲˬӣñ˴֮ӵͶ룡
һᣬſʼһࡣ56ӺԼ鷿ͿϺܶͣȻ鷿סһĴ󼦰ͣʼز¹ʹһĴ󼦰鹵ﲻϵ˶һȵĸо·ҪһһϽ˵㡣ĶһȻֱӣһϣʼŪһĴ󼦰ͣһһڵĸо߰ŭޱȣ·Ҫһ㡣




043¡Ħʱɲ

磬Ŀ᲻ʧʱʵõȴǿ϶ǡôϵĶûκһ˿ܾ뷨һʱѾѧӪרҵûκεǣӪļɹȻͨĸ򣡶λӪѧʦ˵ġӪ޴ڣڡĻΪȻ
ֻҪˣʱ˵˵һΨһĽ;Ķȷʵֻ138󡣴ӪȷʵѾ˵Ƿ켫ĵزѿʼ
á붼ûһʹӦнŪһĴ󼦰ͣһĵһµÿһĴ̼£·ھһ㣬ƮƮɵĸоԽԽǿң
磬ʽİɣұֹ֤ͣæµЦ˵ֹͣĴ̼һ΢Щ˼ԥŲ֪˵ʲôãڲϵضһϽӦһֱͳĽһǰ
ʱſ鷿һؿڲͣزȥͬʱͷһĶ䣬ͣڶ˵磬һôòãӢѹ˹أʱһеᵽ仰壡ʷжӢ۲ѱǷǣ侳ʵ޿κΣɼ
лл磬һӦ̻ȸԾһ£ٱӡιǰ̨ô18ţ015ţʽĦ磬ǻ䣬Ұ㴩·˵Ȼһ϶̿㣬ɴ󼦰ʹʱδ˷̵Ƕȼﵽ160ȵӣ̿ǰγһƵС
ΪʲôҪ䰡ﰡһʵЩ鷳һߣĸЧãȻػشȻذһ·ĵһЦȻʼԼ·ʱһòƽ
·ȵһĸ첲ߣһŮѣһе㲻˼߳䣬ϢƹܰҲǺܶ࣬Ůֻһһۣûٶ࿴ԭϰˣһʱΪɣǾͺȻ§ס˴ϸ
תսǣһķ䣬ݣȻţղűѹס˷ܴʱȫһȲشӺ汧ס壬˫ִ£ʵͦزϺݺݵԲĶϣӭţһһֻ˳ƶ£Сɵ廨׿㣬ʼķݵء֪ǺԵʣᾹȻŮһ޼ϰߣĲݵر룡оغţϸܵĲݵϻֶģֵģ
һĸ£ض˼һᣬƿһģЦ˵һ£·ɡ鵱Ȼܻӭ¾ͳϲ·
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磬档ȫϴ꣬䣬һ˴ϡܿһޱѩ̣һںڿУȻʼͷһġͷգоǳЩĸо˳һļ򵽸첲Ȼ֡
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Ǻ֮ǰһ룬Ҳ벻һȻЩϲָоˡֻȫ󣬴ֺһѩ̣ʼһزصǷͷϣͣţҧšСɧͦ˰һʱѾȫطſˣ۾ʼܡ˵οͣ⻰һ㶼ܿ͵˴ȡСȡʱ˸ϱĤһĽֺͷϣȻһĽֺͷҲУһҵĸоȻˬһȥͦʵͦ崿ŮȻϵЩҲָֻͷ˼ˡ
ֺͷ󣬴̧ͷһһգգ۾Ц˵磬󱳡һСĵطſ£ŪСܵܡһСӣֱЦ
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ɢһɵľͳ㣬ɺŵһ¶ŻЦݣߵ˴ߣ۾Ŵϣ츾˳ϵˡ
ܺĵִ´أ۶ȴ͵ıŵģ㷢ɢϣ˿ʶ˯£ϸűȴѲݵĽһԡɨγڴϡ
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һŽţܺĵŶáá桭һ㡭һྡͦܵܺĵڡģܺġ̾
һ̰˱Ūţʱܺĵ٣šŶŶ桭ܺĵƵһ˫һͷͦ¸ӭһƺ뽫һͷСѨƵġһе㻻ǽͷ̧˿ΪָܺĵšһʳָʪůѨзܵľꡣ
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һܺĵ϶ţǾǲŶ롣̫˷ܣһѾҺȫܺĵСϡܺһѽһòŷſһ𣬺沢ڴϡֽɫзǿˡİһļͲɣϵľҺȥ־Ͱǿβذһס
ڣһܺĶϣ棬ͷͷܺĽϵ˿ʼ˯ҲˣһȻҲһɫο˿ǿ㡣
һǰǸɫŮϱ¾һǰһܺ˵ɩܺĻصлл㣬ˡҲô˵ҸеҡѾһûôάˡ˳ֽһĸ¿յʹһˡ
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һôĥţڽܵĽһļͰΧšáһ֡ڡڳ顭ҵļѨһʼĳš
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һһ֣ܺĵƨɿʼŤĥáˡĵĶǡԸд֪ãһ֪ײˡ
ܺĵƨɿʼŤĳԽԽ󡣡ˡûϵˡˡɡ檵һϼǰĳ壬¾롣ܺĵȿһСԹһƨϡมááѨҪҪ˵ġ󡭡󼦰͡ɷѨѨҪŶºááˬˬ桭ม桭ˡม̫̫ˡˡѨѨҪˡɡɡѨˡ㡭СáܸɡˡѨˬˬม檡ҪˡҪˡˡˡѩѨˬѩѩѩมѨҪҪˡ˵ġ˵ġ󼦰͡졭ѨҪʱʱɡѨһֱɡһֱɡѨѨܡûС͡ˡѨҪҪ󼦰͡Ҫ󼦰͡һֱɡһֱɡҪ󼦰͡һֱһֱ塭һֱ塭ڡˡѨܺ˵״ˣ̬ޱȡӾϵܣߴˬУһһĳ岻ļӿܺĵָһץţڿʼһıǶȥ
มมˡˡסˡ檡ม첻ˡ첻ˡҪȥˡҪҪȥˡҲ졭䡭䡭มһมһҲʹȫͦѨĵȫһɾҺ˳ȥȫܺĵӹ
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ܺĵӣһֻÿЦŶ츾ɩԲ𣬿ֻίһˣڷϢɣȥиЩЩ·ɣܺȻ޷ˣ֮£ܺĲͬһԼǻôء
һ˳УͻȻʶһҪ⣬ǾԼĿŮԵԼеģԼȥǻ֪ôԼأǲȥô죬ѵܺĴ·յĻȥô뵽һֻҧһƣȻȻ˳Ůר
߽棬ڴţļԱͣģǶ۾ЩŹֵĿһһﾭѽȻԼԼĲǿ£ýţһȴĪ﷢
һЩȻʱһöһãʲôҪæôһ΢΢һ㶣תͷȴһԼʮķԱվһŵָƵ¶˼ְҵԵЦݿԼ
Ȼûܺĺһ͸һһ־޵ĸоȴһʮͿŮԲԲԲԲ۾ԲԲ΢촽һ˿Ըִһ˿Ƥɰ
Աϴһɫְҵװŵظְҵװ߸ߵĳǰһĹΣջһһһ֪Ůһ޷һյŮˡ
ϸ֮֫£ǻԲ̵ͦںɫȹİ֮£Զջ鲻ԽĻţǽһôָС
⻬Сˣ¶˶ȹ棬Ƥһ˿覴ҲûУںɫȹĳ֮£׵ЩۣСˣһϾͿóںɫȹ֮µŮĽʵ޳Ĵˡ
ŮվԼһͬһˮ֮ͻȻץסһĵһģĵ˵ͷС㣬ã
һԱؿڵĵطһ鹤ƣд֣֪ǰŮ֣ԳƺΪС
˵ͷһŵָƵ¶˼Цݣõɡһ˵ţһתר˹ȥ
һһвɵ΢΢һдרȼ֣һţ۵СѻĲѽȻڵһƷƵﶼˡ
רԺʣǸŮѻǸ·ѽһ˵⻰ʱԵĴһ˿ζ棬ոսʱһľִٵĸоѾʧˣһ˿̵Ҳżˡ
ԼԺ󣬲ɵ΢΢һЦС㣬ô֪ҲŮѣأĵİһһۣ⻹ô㳤ñ˧һŴ磬ûи˵ĻôءһͷһԼϣɵȻʧЦΪҪܺĻϼңһΪܺĵԺһõӡȻϧѪһ·ȴû뵽ǰ˵ȴԼǮ˧ˡ
뵽һ̧ͷһŵָƵС㣬Ļҵ˰ɣΪŮǿҵءһһ˵಻ɵĸЦЦʹһװ֮µķ˵Եķһɵİİһڿˮ




047¡·Ůһ

ЦԺ̧ͷһһۣ㿴˵ģ߻ûŮôôأͱҿˣˣҲǼ޸ƽϹƽһˡ˵ʱͻȻ䷢֣һ۾Լ΢΢ŵװ֮µķʵزʿˮأһƻĿ⣬һ˫ˮĴ۾вɵ¶˼ֵ⣬Լķһǰӵͻ˳
һһǰͻһ͸оͷʵķ·һǴ˼һģǰ֮˵һĻһоԼСֵѾ˷Ӧ
ľٶ֮УһĸоһԿŵŮˣһʱɫĴ֮£һûлشĻǴӻ˼С㣬鷳㣬⼸·ȻһͻȻֹͣ˶Լ΢΢оЩʧǿһ⼸ﶼǵľƷĻԼõɿɱµĹõöҪߣеʧҲһɨˣ۾һ֮£æһӹҪ
໹ûüãһȴֹľٶС㣬һ֪·ϺʲءһŮһ˫۾ҲúܣͨĿܽŮ˵Χµð˾Ųʮֺܺȹô֪ܲĳߴء
һ֮ȻĿĵģȻżĵƷƵǶǲģ㲻õĵģȥһԴģҿԱ֤ġһȴҡҡͷС㣬˼ǼֵüǧĶأǿɲУŶˣҵѺĲ֪࣬ɲ԰Դһ£ҾͿԿЩʲˡһԼЩɫɫһŵָƵ΢΢ǺһͻȻԼµҪŵĺݳһģ£Щԥĵңй涨ǣǲԵģ㿴¼䶼ûѽһһЦС㣬ܺýѽɣû¼䣬Ǳĵطѽ·Ҳܺ˵Թ·͸ľˡ΢΢һ㶣һ˫ˮĴ۾ȻȻķŵһѡ֮ϣǿǼֵǧ·ѽ͸ԼԼǲǾͿǵǰ԰һء
뵽ȻĶĿ֮УŵҲһҪԼӣ뵽һҧ촽˵ͷ֪һɫ죬ԼԴ·Բֹֻ뿴ԼӣҲ֪᲻׵ĴӦˡ
һһλõµĵطΪ磬ﲢûмˣһԱ˵䣬ʹһ¼䣬Ŀ֮УҪţȵԼ·һģȴû뵽Լһ߽һ͸Լ˽һŸˡ
ÿȻҡҺˡȴ󣬵ɫһҹɰЦһһȽҲһһغˣ˵ǽѾ·˵ʱһúʣô˵ҿ㴩·ӣַô־ذǰغÿĺˡңҴ·ٽ뵽пܷ飬е㷢һ£Ȼסͣ·µأɵҪ·ʱѩ׵չһǰ
˫ߵߵһһµͷǣ·ͬʱСֱǿĴץסһһ뺰һֻƼʱشƹסͣѾ˶ݺݵҶֻŤĲӣȻɱˣʬɽҰŲţŵĵѣıߴһһͷ溦Լɱıء͵ͷ̱һϣϸ۵Ĳɢķϣˮζһ̽ظػ鹵֣ץס˱塣־ҡͷʲôֻֻǿʼ˫Ѿȫ¶顣
־࿪ʼеΪȻɫ˿ڿ㣬ǱһȹһȻɫ죬öݺݵࣺڿ³ҾͰƣƯŲţѾģһ߳ҭһߡءҡҡͷֵͷģԴκʯĳˣȴһĵԼĿӣ¶壬¹£ྪֵעǸͬǶǰѵһֳһһץסСϣʹͻȻӾ磬ʹ
վһǳ⣬ηվͱһ嶥ǽڣƿȹ˽ȥ壬³ذָů
ء˫ȣķҲѾֻһֱܡһŴһһвһ£ûйѾ˳ӵ㣬ұ֤ᣬĥ䣬һ٣Ȼٲ㡣˵˫ֱһ˫֮䡣׷ֿһ˫ȣӭһ̵ľеһ۾
һȴʳˣ̧һȣԼĦ壬ʹ³ذǴִ̽ůĳѨ˺ѵʹ۾ҲŴͣСڿһཿ̡һະУѸٵǿִͣͦȫѨ
ʱѾ˼ˣڵĵľôסԽԽԵĿУĳʵɣʹѾʧӰ٣ȫֲȻ§һĲӡ
һ§Լ࣬¶ߵЦݡΪѾҪסˣͦѾѾǰŮԣ﷢ֻԵѨ˱ͷ䶯ذΧокܶʪҺʪҡ
಻ΪʲôͽеͶǿ飬ȴʵطԼϣѵԼΣʼӭһεײһʼֻӭϣԼҪӭϣʱһĳӴ³
šššҡҪˡ֪вֶռԼ˷һ裬ûа취ֿеĳķӦǿң͵֫ڶо˵Լһգһȫָоǰûġ
ɣˣҪӡһƺѾѣΪоŮѾҪҪеţȻǸ¼䣬ϾǹڳϣŶҪ㡭ûأһĴȣȥ£ӵ˵ϡʱͦһ²Ѩ¹£һֻ׵С򣬰˵ģϹļһ麬һתȥſǽڡѱת΢΢бӣʹԼβջ֪ԼΪʲôҲϣ˾½塣
ȫͻȻſǽڣһεૡΪѾٴν壬ֱײǶƺӴ׳оβչҵĳ壬û֮ǿҵײġžž
ޡޡͣһͣҺ¡һ߰ʱͣ˿һͦβҡ壬ϣĦҪֹͣſǽڵһ£ƺʲôܲôˣΪеϤĿǰѾ٣ƴʶ塣Ŷ̫ˣ㣬ˬˡһͦԽԽǿңžž졣ͻȻ䣬һ弱ڣҵز˼ս˻ǵľҺǰȴʶޡҪͣһ֮һ֭ŮȻǴˣ֮£һͻȻǮöԼ̬ˣȻǮΪʲôԼ̬˸һٰʮȵĴת䣬һȴ뵽ǮǺܺһģԼԺĸ׵ǰ˵ԼܺĵļεжҲǵɡ




048¡·ŮO

뵽һ̳йҸ͸ǮԻһԼǮ֮ĹϵһǽһСʱֱѡһת뿪
Ҫ߳ŵʱһȴոպԼй֮׵࣬ŵ˹ȥںɫȹ֮µӣһ¶һ˿ааЦݣתŵ˹ȥ
Ҳû뵽ԼȻ֮һˣһһĵεΣЩ˸ߴӢˣССĸﾹȻôĻʵǸԼ̫Ĵ̼ĸоˡ
뵽˺ããԼ쳢ִ̼ԺԺ᲻ٴϳִ̼Լ᲻ῴϱһ˸Լϲ²µĸооȻһ˿ʧĸо
˼ʱ򣬵ݵˣŲ̤˵ŵݿһ˵ӣҡͷЦһ£ԼҪ¥㣬ڵŹϵһ˲䣬һߴӰͻȻ˽һҪ˵Ĵģȴû뵽ȴͻȻһԼ۾ϣͻȻоǰһƬڰ
һõĻѽһ˵ۿôһŮղţȻֻǴҴҵĴһȣҲһһõӡ󣬺ԸеŮ˰
ȻͲ󣬵ȴеÿϸ˵ղŻģˮֵĻŮڻһ̾ԷıǮԷķؽʵѹԼֱϣֹǸͷǷݵԸһġһȻ̧֣ԼĴߣһȥ޵ţһϣֱۡ䡢ͷҸ¡
ʼʱЩܣǿԷҲûʲôֵ̫ľٶ˵ĪĴ̼еʴӣҲˡһᣬ͸ԼУŶԷĻһԷǻ֣ͱȼȻԷĻԼҲԾŤ
ܵ˵ı仯һֶˣ´һ¾ͻ˫ȼ䣬ͻȻϮ͵ؾѣԼʲôУȻⷽûʲô飬ֱ࣬Բ׵ĵ֡
ϧһȴǸ֣⻬ʵĴһһͬʱеϧʱһѾƨɡ
찡̫˰ɡ˵ƫɲģԼողŻǸ˸ԼTBACKƨֱӾʹ˶Էȶȡ
һɲô룬ͳĹװ棬һССTͿ㣬һ̵ִͦĻһҪǴӺŮĸо뵽µļͲֶ˼Ӳȣһо۴ҺѾʪڿ㡣
һϼ˼ּȣҲĲĴ죬Լ֡
ǣһּɫôǡաʱĹһʱʣɵûȴֲ֪ôıܵŤֻʣ컹ֵĽţȴʧȥ˷ɵһ֣ᱡʱһҲǺһֻ̽·ֱӸཷ飬ֻǵ͵͵һȴûз
һ鷿ĵԣԽ33CȻʲôࣰԣǼǷݵԺͼͦɾѵˡڸղŵͷѾЩӲˣǲССģһһһ㴽ȴѱһ٣ѾˣҲֻӭһͷϴˡһƷͷһָͷһֻȴǰţ˵ȼĻĴָȴ˵СջһĻŤŤȥ
šʶţûþôĵ飬Сܸܵ׳еĪɧ
ԵĸееŮѾ飬һȴϾʹ˰ݣҪŮ׵ĸܵĴ̼Ҫûֵͷȼ֣ĸŮػ԰ΧżѵˮƵһС
ϲôҵСһĶһ߹һʵššŶԷĶ಻ʱҲʼ׷һָ
˵ѽ㲻˵ô֪ϲϲҡҡϲԼıˣ˵˵ʲôһ˹ļţһС
ҡܲˡϲҡϲϲʲôѽҡϲϲ㡭ҡ˵Լƽʱ붼Ļſһϣ̵š
һʱʲôһ̽ڿȥֱʪǵشָ˳ŷ϶صĦĳʪָͷǳǳ̽ڣȴðˮһһȵˮ˳һָӿ˳ﻹǸˮŮӰ
ʪˣ㻹ɧһıסһһĶ˵ֻΪһɧҾС׿е֣һһ°ˬסְԼ
ԥһ£ûһһͷסĴ飬һֻסһֻĴšһָֻָǳǳ̽ĴָΪ̼Ѿ͹ˣֱŪཿ
ҡԼеŮΪԼ󷢣һҧͷָǼӿٶȣͣĴ̼˺
ˡ찡׸硭ˡŤͻȻһ٣סһŨŨˮȪˮƵӿ˳ʪһ֣˳޳Ĵȥ
оŮı仯һǼӿ˻ˡ׸硭ŹҰɡˡˡˡһ߿Ľһ̱һĻС
һẔ̇ɵÿЦһ£ԼˡЦЦǿŮ̱Ľỵ̂һ䡰лл֮󣬾ߵҲ˵һʱĬֻ˵ĺ
һԼӣʣǵСˣȸոոסڡŭ֮һϤУѾµ˭ˡ
׻˵һҹްնţòô׶ɷأһȻмķŭ㡭޳ܡŭ㻹Ҫⶰ¥ϰɣȻ˭ˣҾߴңԺ㣬СˣһѾ֪㡣һֻ˪ɵӣԴֵʣ㵽ôҡһ˵ʲôѾ˶㣬Ŵ򿪣һǰһ߳˵ݡһų࣬뵽˸ոڸķɧһһѿˮܴһ£ĹĵزͻȻݺݵشһµʣȥ¥һʱ䲻ʲô£˵Ӧһ¡ȥҸ˵һ¾ߡ˵֡һѣ˵ԼȥʵҲ뿪طϾǵݿڣģϣ̨֪£ƣͳнĺõطʱ̨һɻļӱߣһץסһƯŮ˵ְ¡Ŀ϶ݺݵ˵Ҳһ¡Ҫġధš£˴³Ҷ֣·ͻᱻ˺áһѾϵͳһӡ̵ĴһץסѾľ캬ҴûͷšһߣץǸԼ溦һڴ֮ͥ°·˺ãܶ
һѾͷץס㷢ʹذʹҲûֹܹһһбڡͨһ˫ϥڵϣǺĻҳ
ҳմ޳ϵɫ˿࣬ɾ޷˼Żϵ˿࣬ΪӣС챻һֱִز룬༫˦Ķһ˫ֽرסͷѡ




049¡·ŮO

һɧϢЩȻһĤը죺ٲʶȤҾͰȻȫ¥壬ô״಻ˣʼǸСƵߣˮѾεεߣƺǻĦ
һһͳõ̾Ϣͷ˫΢ɣͦȴӿ죬С´ĭ̵ٴγޱߵȻػ䵽ظ
Ҳ´³һԼ·˺ãֽ⿪Լ£¶筺ɫ̨֣Ĺ߸ԵһĨ˼伫Ʒ˼伫Ʒȴħһ鷿е˼伫Ʒûаᣬûһ˿ϧָ˱Ѿ̵ͷ
üͷһߣһ߷ءıоʹ࣬ٶȴӿ죬ȻѾӦСһȻ
ͷһ򣬿졭һ಻òӣСִӱŵС˴ִߣյ˫΢΢һС죬شǰӲޱȵĶԥһ£ʺСͷỮϺڵĹͷ
ŶԣŮѧõ죬һı֣һᡣһƬϼȾĹĵ棬˱ԽԽ磬ɶԽԽ죬֪ܵһϲסѾʼôĶоԼеԸ˵壬ͺԼһڽ˳壬ǵģиоڵĭʼ࣬ҲҺĸо
ˣԽԽˣҿɲ˷СƣøСһ£ҵȲˡһγ˹ڵϵ࣬ƿ³ǵͲȹ˳ֳ筺ɫ˿ڿ㡣
ʱ˿̵̨ȴޣһߺȣľȻתסɻļӣ˿ڿ㱻䵽ףվβһͰǸմĭݺݵزѨһϣѨѾ֭
ˣһǻǸеСѨĽխҪȫ뻹ôף״һβͦŻذ֧ȫСѨ
"š"࿴ʹͷ΢΢һҲˬشһȻӶʼޱ߼ʵس
ָеϤǣȴһֱģ۾ʼע¥ݿڣ̨Ϊ̨һˮأһЩ⣬ûκڵҪʱһԿĲΪ
ԣʹ໹Ǵӭһĳ壬βȴûд˫ȣϣʹխСӼнֳĵõ߳Ȼϣ뿪
һ֮⣬ûֻ̫࣬Ѿȫ£Цǰ飬һǹһǹػӻֱඥýԭСɴϢ
వԼеΣԭֻһ߳뿪û뵽Լɼ΢΢;оʲôľǸ߳ѽ
"ŶСǵıƽôôҿ춥סˣ㡣㡭"ʱһļͦٶȴԼƲˣһкעһ֪ԸеŮ˲˵ηԺҲˣһôͽ
"ѽġ"ֻ뾡νţսپ࿪ʼЩˣѾܹ˼¥ݿڣоһ˽ٶȣһĽ岻ԾͦƵܶԶԶȥǻԲβ¼һķ鵴ֻܣռ˭
еһǷյ˫ȣŴҪ˫ȴ򿪣Сڿסһ˫ףֱް룬屻ڻûа취ȥѵڿ㣬Ωн𼦶ȻֻСɬظһ"㡭ѵӣҲšܰȷֿ֡ѽ"ཿһ岻ִһȦԼϥϵ˿ڿ㣬һȻʧЦֻ΢һӣ׵ذڿѵˣֻϧ筺ɫڿһֻȵĽϣմ˲ٻҳ
ûôխѹȣһĳ磬߷ε۳ңÿز붼ÿܴ󻬵ˮˮŹ⻬Ĵвٻε˵ϡ
""һҵײβԽԽ߸ߵѾܿƣ֪Ϊʲô˷ܣȻ裬ĿһһҪϢϲϢĸо
ҪѡһԥѡߣΪһץ㷢ʣ"ңˬˬ"һŤŽһ߻ش"ššˬ"һ˫סζ˫飬Ķ䣬Цʣ"ԺҪҪҼ㣿ҪҪ""ޡҪʡҡ""˵벻Ժ㣿""šš롣ˡˡ"ҵҡΣһֺֻȻץסһ·һ󷢷ƵľΣһϣһһո֭Ѩȴӭһɹɹ̵ľһĲ룬ĸ߳õûĳʱУеĿѣ
һµضһξһرصץǰ̣ͣСѨУȻѾˣͷû٣ȻожʵԼ壬ͷԵʣ"ôû갡"ûƽϢһЦˣ"Ȼˣһ벻һģ͹"ɫʱϼ鲼ɬʣ"ǻγñ˿ġ""ҵСֵһݣû׼һ"һȻ߶¡"ҪˣҪԺ㣬òãˡ㽫绰סַ"еȻֲһ¡
һҲ̨֪ϴʱԽԼ˷ֵĿҲԽټܺĻڱԼѻȥܺһĵģһҲֻʱķŹԼޱȴ̼ĸоˡ
Լ͵绰ԺһŸܺص˱ݣܺȵżأһԺȻⲻһ֣һ׼óԼǮ׼˵Լܺĳʱ̫ˣԼΪ˶Ǯõ죬ȥ˼͸׷ʲݣ츾תŭΪϲ
һó˸ܺЩܺһɵߺһȻܺĴô¶ЩﶼһϸѡȻԸˣҲѹܺĻˡ
츾ߵӣһɵ΢΢һ֣ɩ㿴㣬ʲôѽ׻˵úã˿㳤ôԸУֻд·ʾѽǺǣ㴩£һӵ˷ܵġ˵ţһɫԵܺ˳츾˷ϵɨһۡ
ܺһڣһأߺߣõҲ˵ҴôԸе·ǰҲŲôءܺĵĻȻ˵ţһ˫ˮĴ۾¶һɴ⣬ȴһС
ܺĵӣһĶһһ˫˳ܺĵһ½֮µķ˵Եķ˹ȥҲ૵ĵôɩͱҲܿˣ㲻ҵǰԸУҾֻԼˡһװģӣܺһ˫ˮĴ۾еĴɫԽԽۿһ־ҪԼķʱܺĲһһװĴӣתܽ䡣
һֻܺĿЦģǵܺĵķֵӣܶʱѩ׵ڿвŷ˵ĽԺһֻãһСĳһλҲô
Ȼող﷢йΣһܺķֵĳ֮£ֱüɴˣǣһһҪܺĽԼ͵˸µĴ̼һĻ
һû뵽ǣܺĽԺ󣬾ȻһŹҪһ磬һЩͷԺæס壬Ҳͺ˸ܽӴˡ
һۼֿ죬ڿܺĽŹԺһ죬æȥŤŰ֣ܺĺ֪һôһһģһָոŰֵʱֻ֨һ죬ܺѾŷ
һ£һ֪ԼζȥˣεҡҡͷԺһֻ㬵Ļصɳոܺĵܻӭʹһӵ˷ɳԺһһŵȵܺĳԺԼӦε츾һ¶˻Цݡ




050¡γ÷һ

߽ܺԺ󣬿ŵһװĴӣһŵָƵ֮¶˼ֺƣҧ촽Ҳ֪ʲô
˺һܺĲ૵ĵСԩңȻҸôԸеҪǰǲҪôǣΪʲôһ˷ܵĸоأѵһһҵǱѾ˳ҲӵôСԩңǺˡܺԼֻһԼԸվԼǰһĿȵĿԼ֮СȻ˿ˮ˳ˡ
˺óһʱ䣬ܺĲŴ˳ڻʱܺ·Ȼһģһ̼ĸоӿʹС죬øӵʪ
һ˼ŵȵܺĽﻻ߳ԺԼҪô츾ͻȻһ죬ܺѾ·˳
һʶſ˹ȥһ֮£һЩʧ䣬һĿ֮УܺڸոԼĻԺһᴩ߳ģܺģȴҲȻҲˣǺһе龰ϾŲСĲ࣬һôܲʧء
ܺĿһӣҧ촽һߵһԺܺĳԳԵЦСԩңǸ㺦ˣ·嶼ˣǵģһҪӵģһῴҴӵģڣϣвСһܺﰧԼӣһ֮£һͻȻܺĵĶȹ˹ȥҲĵɩӣôҿʪûСܺȻû뵽һȻ˵ȲҪԼһ֮µķС˵ӱ¶ǰʶһԺܺĲɵҲԼĶȹ֮ϡ
ܺĵĶʹһƱزܽĶȹˣһȴһķܺĵĶȹͻȻһץסܺĵֶܺһһĵһĻ
һһЦ§סܺģܺĸոҪǵһ촽ӡԼ촽Ժȴ˲ӣһ
ģܺĵ÷һ˫Ҳ˳§һĲϣͷҲ˳һͷһ𣬴ϢҲԽԽ
һܺһ˫ˮĴ۾Լʱ򣬶Ļ𻨣֪츾Ѿ鶯ԺһһЦһֻٴεİܺĵķСȹ˹ȥ
һȻ֪֮£ܺǲܻܾԼģֻҪԼܽĶȹԼͿԾ͵ķСԼ֮µ˵ˣ뵽ԸϾͿʵ֣һĺҲмִ
칫һָոܺĵĶȹ°ڣûüȹʱһ⽥Ũͬһķ˿æ·һһ߹ȥŴ˿
һȴĹԱһ΢ЦվſڣԭѾʱˣһֱæǰ飬Ȼûʶһˡ
˼룬һܺȻ˵ͻȻִӶ˵ĺ£һԷǼҷ꣬Ϊû򳤺ڣ֮ҲĹ˼ɣһٷȻǱķԵøӵд⡣
ԹԺܺĺһ˾ҪؼȥԱȴԺ棬ָһɫ߼γ򳤺⽻ģ򳤺ǿס£ϲ㣬İǡ
ܺĺһԱת򳤺ǵ˼ԺȻǸмˣһųܺܺĵļ˹ȥһڳϣһ߿ųһ߿ܺĵӣһɢĵ㣬ԽԽҪ츾Լ﾿ʲôӣ뵽ЩһȻڿųСֵȴѾ
ܺڳϣоԼСϴ˻ȵϢ뵽һģԼһڰԼСô뵽츾ҲСУ˿˿Ŀˮ˳˭Ҳûп˵ǺȴԼͬĴһʱ䣬Ե
ܺĲ֪ôźãֻ֪Լ۾ڶһ¡𿴣еѿģԼĻﴺӿֹˮܸеԼȼʪˣܺĲɵüн˫ȡһҲոձܺһΣûһֻĹһѾԼĶˡ
ʹһھ뷢йϣֻһȻ֮ΣһǲɵġȴڲϵۼƣԽԽߣҺʪڿ㡣ɶǣֻʣһڿһεķûУֻܾĹ塣˵ҺҺγһӵζ˸ʢ
ܺĿһһĸͦ󣬲ͷһ촽ҪҺҪܺĵĵںͻȻһת䣬ܺһһ˹ȥһҲͬʱһᣬֱܺӾ͵һϡ
ܺĵԱͣסˡһǹģû뵽ЧôãһʱסˡһܺĶˣҲȻһĿãסһļͣġô󰡡һԼıǮһֱŵģҲŵɡֻţ¶һڡͻȻĴ̼һĺ䶯һ£һĭִӳ°˽ȥֱܺĴ̣ܺĵͲ֪ȥˡ
ܵʾһвĵסܺĵĴӲͣꡢѹͱĥܺģ鷿Ѿ쳣Сءܺʶţһڿһ¶һϺ췢Ĺͷȵͷһͷĸоһ
ôܺббһûһشܺĵͷһͣһһغ裬غ赽ͷصĻͷٻصͷδµˮȻͷһͺţ¸һ˫̲ͣı任״һֱ֧̽ܺĵΣĴš
ǰһŰһղŷֵġȻܵһĶܺĸͷڼػƣ캬סغ裬ͷغ衢ңŪž޴ļ͡
һһµťĵȥܺĲûͣ°֣ʼ׷һļͣһСյõһߣ˭ҲߡζͣµʱܺѾһ¡ͷǰٵƶţͷͿǻȵĦһļͣ˫ֲֵĸŪһƨɡͻȻܺĵĿһţһļͺ˽ȥܺĻǸи֣һһֳļ;ȫʧܺĵС㴽סߵĸ
һ²ɵ̾Ǽ񵽱ˣı·Ҳǵһμʶͷ󺹵Լļ֮񾱱ùĹĵӣһĿгɱӡ˶ĹͷȦסĺһһؼţǸоǷˡ
มгɱۻţβ׵һ飬һһҪˡһǰһ壬Һܺĵֱѹ˵ڷй˳һͣţܺһʱ֮޷ܣһѾҺ˳Ĳϡظϣܺĺ⣬ϵ˱һĹͷžҺͺҪһƵġ
һھҺŪһոļͣܺĿڼ̫ãһļһվ
ܺĵ۾Ÿ˶˷ܵı˵һҵ·Ūˣ˵ô죿ܺĲ˵ŪˣѵͿˡһڸոյĿУڶáã˵ģҾˡܺĽҿ·˳
Ҳ˼ֻϵģڳϣĲ֪ô찡һһܺˣæǸꡱһܺЦû֦Ҳ·ˣҪѵ˵ţѾ뿪˽۾һͷŪԼ촽·ڿʲô




051¡γ÷ȶ

ո˺öడ㿴˼ҵ·ϣ϶ʪҮܺһ˵ţһԼĴ̣ļѹԼ飬з΢΢ܺĵʵڲСǼѹһջġһļӲúƵġ
ôһӣһ㿴ˡܺĵͷǲɫģСɣͷӲͦѩ׵Ĵϡһǰһ죬زһץһָֻ޷գ̫ˡһͣļѹ꣬޲òץãѵð
һһӣһֻŪͷһΧתһסߡء𡭡𡭡ˡܺıŪĽסһɴ˫סĴ̣һӱø߸ߵģһͷŪͷͷԲϵĴתȻһڰҧŪš
ܺĻһ𣬸ӹֵŤŤΣ»৵һѾֻʣһСڿˣƤëӶ̿˳ʾǵһë塣
һܺתһߣŤ֫ڶķΣһһʱ֪ôܺĲûһ̫ãͷм俴һƨȻľͱ¶һǰһŲȻźɫڿ㣬״ѾȫǰˣĵطѾʪһƬ
ɩǸ֭Ů˰˵ĵ٩ܺĲŤһӣȻһԼĴĦһϺ췢Ĺͷ˫ּѹԼ鷿γ鹵ѹһ
ͻȻĴ̼һȻǰ龰ǼϴУȴɵͷĴ̼·ڳԽԽҺ
ܺĿһ㶼˷ѣСһְһĹͷУͣŪţͷϴתٴ鵽Ŀ񣬡ɩ桭ˬһһ̾һԼֻ֣ǰ⾻۵꼡ϣšššŪšһ̾ŶԷĶܺİԼƨ߸ҡԲΣһӺ͡Լ壬ҲסһֱĲ
ءءܺĺŹͷ췢ˮϵӿ˲ͰڿٴδʪһƬ̿ʪĺۼһֹϸխǿ㣬ڵصιƨ۶¶˳
һ㡭ȻһֱڴŶԷĽһжͻȻ¶ܺ´ߡ뵽ԷڿԼصĵطܺĲɵý߳һɴӿ˳˳ŷʵĴһָһֱӴˮʪܵϡܺĵΪܶͲﻹ̣ʧƵģ˳
졭ģһЦˣָĿŪϣⴽϳҺ󻬣һһصشŪţҲʱƵģͦˡֱܺŤƨɣ¶ԷԼСֻһż尾ǿƨɣһĸŪȴԽԽ߿ȻһƬءˡ
ŶģҪҪ١Ӷˣܲˣܲһ㣡ͣ°ɣٶѹˣôҿӰôôһֲûֱֹͣ󺰵ģŪͰŪ˰һͻȻֹͣ˿ŪԼϡͻȻֹͣܺĴһŤƨŤøˡ
รһมһҵ¡ɧѰˮ̲סʪ͸ˣһ֪ҵҪɣǲҲң͸Ҫ˵ġأรһңҰɣǸ󡭡ѹҵġƨ棬ҰɣรมˣɩôŤƨ̫ˣǡһΪŤİ㿴ôҵƨôһҡɡһ֣һָŪܺĵĴ̣һֵָֻʹޱȵʪ⸱УôҪôղšղš㡭áҡ㡭㡭߳һó鶯ܺһһߺ˵
ȻҲҰǰɣһѸٳָķΡġǡ졭ҡܺŤƨɣһĸһץסļͣҡáҪҪǡǿӲġһﰡѾ˰ҡҡҪԡôšԼɡһűԼŪÿҪ쭵Ůˣƨɡ
ܺŪһļͣλãüͶ׼ڣۡһܺķ̾Ϣζ塣
һ˵ȫԶʽķ񣬸ƽеĺ󱳣ϸСĳܺĵĻܾܲ˵Ūȴ֫һŤĿС
ֻܺĵķοٵԲ˶ůʪͽխһСڲͣһĹͷۻһҲżǳ棬ճˮ˳˵ĽϳӨһƬ޵Ĺâ
һ㰡ҰܺͦϸŤŷΣøĿСżɡһǿͬٶȺƵʡ
СҡˡܲˡҰɡ㰡׸磬ˡСɧɡءءĴ󼦰͡ݺݵز١١õɧȡҡܺڵɧͣŤ塣
һҲͬĸܣܺĻȵҺڹͷϣͬ˵ѾĥĿڲˣĳ嶯һļͻȹ̣˼¡
Ұɡˡܵһĳ嶯ܺĸķɧĽģǷɰһ͵壬ܺѹڳϣĲ
ááðð찡ܺĵһԴڳϼѹΣҪ˾Ļһῴ޵ĳ棬һӱٶĳţĿΪܱ˿ӣֿʼˡ
ˬôôɧһܺĵϸԼһߺݺݵĳšɧˡˬˡˬˣ׸硭ɰҰáҵСɧȰܺĵŤţءء໡һͻȻ߽һ߳ˡ
һļͻڽˮԡȺ𶯣ֱܺĵ岻ٶͣ¶δļ˳
ܺľһδϢһߣӲͣĦһšһԼеŮˣ뻳Сղôʵšܺĵδ˵Ļش
ˣܺһɬıܣ߲ʤſһĻ̧ͷһҲûжϢһᡣǸ˰ɣһԻеŮ˵ܺĵͷҪһԵʲôҲҪˡһֹ˵һĴ顣Ҫɣ˿˾Ͳˡܺĳɵ˵ղô£һǲһղͣİܺļֵˣˣϾ͵ðɡһܺæӷȥǳĿռϾޣŪְڳ˿ڽơ
ôҪˡһȻͦļͣܺĵ͹ȥ٩šõܵܣ֣רĿȵ˵طҡСܺĽߵ˵ţѾѾͲšܺĽĵİһһ֣⸾˻Ǹ˶ء
ܺĵ͵ذһϣ˵šֺ㡢ûһܺĵ֣ĳ޵ûģ۸ҡܺĽߵ˵ȴûÿһᱡ
ôôİҪôǿҡ㡭㡭ôô˵ңܺľõĵ»ǷˣԼһôԼģɵʵܺĵĲԾһæ͵ҲǸ˼㣬Ҿǹһ£̫ˡ㣬Сô£һ㣬Ҵˣ˵ˣĲǸ˼ͿķԭҰɡһ˵һ߰ҫļܺǰȥġҵԩҰܾƽʱѹֵ̫Ҳ֪ôˡǲǾýر¼ŲأΪҺϲŲý¼Ųţɷĵһˡԩҡܺ÷յĦһ˵




052¡γ÷

㣬㡣һúðġһܺԲƨ˵ܵһĻͻζܺĵͷûлشȴٴʪԼĺܺ
ͣ³ɣǵˡһܺġˣܺ˹Ҫȥߵ·ɩҵĺý㣬Ǿ³ɡһһƵĿܺģֽȴϨ˻еǿʽذƳ˳š˿̵ܼҴԺһƬҶ˯Уһôĵӵġ
һͷѾǰʼָһɬһ֣Ȼԣôɧﻹǵһ֪Ƕؿշ֮Լϧ֮ĻϵһǰĹϵôõ飬ѵðҪĹϵһܺĻָһҪݵԼĴ󼦰£ԸسΪԼ顣
㿴ǽסҵ㷿ȥ˯˵ǡʱһرصܺĵԲԲĴƨϸţ죬ɼѹ˽ȥָܺĵСѨָһᣬܺĻʪܵϡ
ҪͻȻĴ̼ܺĸոտʼ˵̧ͷ㻹ѣ֪ݡðǾ߰ɡһһᣬֽܺһųָ֣ϵճҺͼĨܺĵĴƨϡǡһô죿ܺĻЩɡ
ôˣģһܺĵĴƨɣǰšǣֻʣһ˫߸ЬܺҲֻС߽Ժӡ
оôһʵášܺĵ岻֪Ϊʲô΢΢ʪ˰ɣһ߸ƨɣʡáСܺ󱻴ƵģٴλԨˡһʱ뿪壬ķšܺĸæһ룬һҲ˽ȥ˵ơ
ſһͰܺ˻ֺסܺĵķΣƵģƬ̵ͦꡣ
찡֡û࡭ܺĻ˳һĻŤԼĴ̰Ħһš
ǽƨɳĺðһЦͷӲ˰㷴Ӧĺÿ찡ǲǺܼǰ˼ҡ͡ˡüüܺĵƨŤ֪ԼڵļһѾκܹ˵ģҪŪЩװܵĶƭ˶ԷЦһԼҲȷʵŢˣԼˮѾ䵽ذˡɴЩöԷԼڵأݺݵҪĴ󼦰ͱˡһ쵽סһĴ󼦰ͣ
һѻеɳһơܺһֱӾ͵ɳϣȻƵȥҪԨ׵ĳɳϵܺĺ΢ۺĿһĴȣʵ鷿˵Ըˡ
һȥֿܺĵĴȣϸ۲ܺѵָסԼۣȴķֿˣص޾ȴӢۼĵĳǱΪһˡһлϸع۲ëܶ࣬γһŨܵĵΣҺմʪһƬıһһָķ˿
ءһܺķʺۻܺľͽסˮϺɫþ壬˴ΡܺʮͦҡҷŤšһֲŪ˽ĳȺͳʪ԰һ£ͰܺŪøӿٶðһƹܺĵĴȣŪͷͬʱͷһͣͷˣ̶һ캬סĵ㶯ĦһͷİΧ
ܺĲԽšĴ̼ɵŤǣֵһܸõŪԼֻͦס۾˫һֻЭһŪԼĴ̣һְֻסһͷʶţ޲һԼˡ
ܡˡ졭ðûãܺĵĸ߳񷭽ƵģʲôҲסأϯ
ҲƵģŤšššţͷҲŴȵذڶššߺţҪйййȥййй˰һûͣ˼Ȼܺĸ߳һȴϢ̧ͷָܺĵĴ̣ŪСɵͷ㣬Һð㰡ôζôɿڡô֭أ˿θҰˣҵĴɩ㣬ҲɧѨˡ˵ţֵͷסͻ
ááס硭ҡˣءҡҲûûôءءءģҲ㡭׸硭氮㡭ͷˣ˵ųİܺһӭ˵Ķ
Ūһͷסƨɣ˫۵ġһᡢһꡢࡢƵģͣš
̲ܺסֱ˫ۣεεһߣһ϶ĻţŶࡣġ֡˼ҵġƨɡŪú˰ŶࡣҡƨҲŪúáǸˡҮһǸңܺĵһ֣һָͷŲµˮ̽ܺĵĸм䣬ššš
ܺĵϸֳһԻĳеı飬ߺ߽Ƶ˵ҡûŶϡҽƨɡаܴ̼桭ûŪû۰ģҵƨۡŪáҺ˷ܰ׸硭㡭ɡô桭СҰɡ˵ţְܺһͷѹԼϣţҡҡ׸硭ҰɡҰɡһҡҵɧѨһҵġƨɡԡءŶˡ׸硭˵鶯࣬ɵĲܺĵ꣬ڣһһյضţҲųĽ࣬ߺޱȵĽо˵ָסԼƨۣˮʱܺĸر˳ɡ׸磡ָ嵽嵽ҵġƨɡƨɡӭܺĵҪһָխĸͷϿٵɦһֻҲСɵͷ󡢳ܺĵĽԽԽ߿ӦҲԽԽǿңһְƨָһһĳ鶯
ҡɡ׸硭ҡҡá˵Ū£ܺһγˡٺ٣ʧһסԼĴ󼦰ͣһִֻܺĵļĵƣ׼ȴû̲ȥùͷܺճȵҺڻĦ
һԼȻҪȴ֪áֵһγǽԹһҪܵĿСȵĸ߳ԺΪΪӲϵܺȴܲˣôɡҡһûƵģΪʵܺĵŤϹͷĿУֻͣš
ҡɡ׸硭Ҫ硭󼦰ִֵ͡ġȵġ󼦰͡ҡСɧ׸硭ǡɧҡġ󼦰͡ɡõɧȡܺĽţԼ˵ôҪĻһܺ費һҲӸǡʶţԲɸţϣܰһļ׽
һȴһֱţֱܺһͦߺţ㡭ҰҡҪ㡭һΣ͵һѹֳļһ˽ȥһס
ʱǿ⣬δйĵزǿҵűʹһɢܺĵȫʹšม졭ģáܺĵԸʵˡá󰡡ǣá󰡡á˰ܺϵĽţ䡣ġû뵽ɧġİղڳæŷйûкúζһ϶ĵͺš̫ˣ̫˰ҵģҪ˶˰




053¡γ÷

һάŲƣֻѹסܺ˫ȵĴڲ࣬ʹȸӵֿ¶󼦰ѿġˮ죬չŵ죬Ƭֺ׵СͷʷʺġñĹͷĴһԸеĻ档
һٶȵͺţ˵ǷɵġСɧȡҪԽԽõļ͡ġô㿴͸ˡҾġСɧȡġǡġʵڡ̫󡭡˰˼ҡͷһΡô󡭡ôֵļ͡ɰǡ顭˼ҡҪܡˡܺǺһ費ӡ
źðСɧıȣֽС󼦰͸ˬҲŸϲ㰡˰ϲ㷢˵Ӱһس鶯һ¡
Ŷءһΰļ͡ڸɽڲ˰ɰɣɣҡҪҪˡܺĵúܼ⣬ˡԼĽţİ˫ȴţ۾üͷĽģ΢ţСɵͷŪԼ촽һӡҰɣĴ󼦰͡ݺݵءҡɧȰɡҰһͷ˿ϵĵطܺĵų岻ͣطȥҲˮķ⣬ܺĵĴϵҡΡһ˷ܣԽԽĲµŮˡܺеԽԽͣ˵ʲôֻҪͿˡһ⣬һֻȥϸܺĵӡͷ
һԽԽңִļܺˮѨѸٳ͡ÿһµĲ룬ǰһͱøޣÿһҲǰһ³øžաžպ͹󡢹ػڷܺĵҲŴŪҺƨɺšţ
ม׸簡ҵˣɧֵġˣมΪĴ󼦰ͣҵƨɶʪˣ׸簡̫ˣ̫Ůˣܺĺš
ý㣡ҵʪ㰡Ըоף˵ޱȰҰ㣬ҵʪ㡣Ů˰һһ͵ĸţһ
Լ˿ĻŭţܺĸŤԲΣһɸһ߰ڶţһĶ
ô˵ġôء㲻ϡôСܺĽʵ
ģҵĺý㡣ȫ˳Ů˵ζ˵ƨɰɣִԲ̣ôᶯҿ붼㣬ĵλʺ󣻻ԴӣִͷСɣһ㶼´޵һءһһ͸ɣһ˵ǣ־͸ǡ
ܺ˵˵뱻ȼƵģһ̣һܺĵȫȼˣ˾͸ӵĻ壬ˮͣӿ
ģ̫ˣ桭ǡ̫̫ˣһม׸磡׸硭׸簡벻ļô棬ôŪ̫Ҹһһ쵽ܺĵƨɺ棬Ŵ󼦰ŢȦܣĨﻬճҺϹǿСɵƨۿڣָ̽Ѿ˷ܵһһϡ䶯ⶴ̼ܺҷӦġͳģŶŶҺϲϲŪรŶŪҡָŪҰŪҵƨɣŶŶģһ죡ҵƨȥɣһҿҪˣס簡ңƨɣˣˣ塭ģģҪˣѽҪйййȥܺķĺţȫ޷ƵĲţʶšһҲֹͣ˳ͣصĲĿкͲµȵҺϴܺĽļסһڸ߳ϣÿͻսһǰĴҲԵóϡ
ãܵµŮ˸߳Ѿ˵Ĳˣһֿʼ鶯ءһδƽһĿУĥܺԺģֻܱܵšһҲûʲôֻ˫ץסϸسšˡˡҡˡܺĵٴγһĹͷʪڲϵϵšһβûͣǼӿٶȣҪﵽĸ߳㡭һͺţ͵س˼ۡ͡ҺϵţܺͷϡϡϰʪһƬ
ܺĵɳϣĿߣĴţˮϵھһһ͵䶯ţëȫʪճճģӨһƬôһܺĵʵܺĻ۾Ȼ˵š㡭ܰô㻹и߳أһڲƨɣʵǰСС߳ûءܺʵУôˣô˷ܣ㻹Ǹɧءһʵֱܺϰͨһţޱǡļ̫ͣˣ˼Ҳ̲סſƲ˵ôһ㡭㻹棡̫Ůˡ˵⣬ܺĵһսĵͷһһͷ̧ͷ˵һҲ֪˼̫á̫ûܹ԰ζˡԡŻᡭһͺסʲôûСһͳͶˡᱡǲǾҺ˵÷ɧأˣһԼôˡˣĺԼĿءҴȥɡһ壬һַסܺĵıһסĴȣһһաҡԼܺĵĻ˵һ룬ͱһͷضˡܺĵͷҲʾӭߣ̰˱
ã˷ݿʱܺĵѾסһĲӡǱҵķ̰ɡһܺĶͷһ£˵һ仰˵ܺĵ۾һˮԵøˣжһĲң֪ӦвŮ˵ģİ㡭㣬Ҫ˵Щϲ㣬Ұ㣬֪ҵĽ㡣ҾġõŮˣҲô˵ԼҷġһشܺġţܺԼͷĶסһ׸硭ҷġ㡭㣡жذһĦţ˵
սһҲЩƣˣڻصԼķԺһͷ˯һֱ˯һģһʱѾʮˣڴԺһԺһĸоЩͷ
գʱһһţʱԺӦֵúܵģǽȴһԺﾲĵģûʲô죬һ𴲣ԺȻԺһҲûУܺĵĸĸڣܺҲӰˣЩ˶ȥأһɻţ۾ҲʼԺ˵ķ䡣
ܺĺĸĸķŶǹŵģֻǮõķǿŵģһ֮£Ǯõķ˹ȥţһԺһŲ߽Ǯõķ䡣
ǮһԺǮõ΢΢һȥһıһȻģСӶһŭĩء
һԼ֪ԼĸطǮãǮһŭĩԺһֻҡͷЦ֪ܺǸʲôȥˣֻߵǮõߣװһǮöԼðӶǮõãôһѽءǮȻһͷҲصĵǳȥˣҲ֪￪һ⹫һҲûмóϡòˣʹȥˣ˵ǳԹŻһ΢΢һ㶣Ͼܺĵˣ츾϶뵽ԼǰϿʼһֱϣԼһѾս˺üˣϧԼ壬ԲûнԼԼһȥ뵽ܺĵƽ⣬һвɵķһ˿ů⡣Ϊ֪ܺǵȥּǮüԼǰڳִСƢһҲ˼ֻǮõĻԺһ˵ͷתҪߡ
һû뵽ǣԼŸոߵſڣǮõһôѵ㲻˵˵κһ𣬶Щʲôô




054¡Ůĸһ

ǮõȻ󣬵ȴͬһըһĽһĶ죬Ҫ֪һܺһ𣬶ǾǮõģΪǮ֪Щ飬Լ֪ôģܵǮͻȻһֻãԼȫĺëһ
ʹһڿˮһһŬĽԼҪǻѹǻ֮ڣЩӲתȻ޷ԣһȴȥԣΪ֪鲻ϵԼϵܺģԼܺĵĸǮ÷˶ʹܺʲôĻһˣҲôӵڲɡ
һ֮ԻתҪǮõı仯֮пǮþʲô֪˶Լܺĵ飬תʱһԺҲѸٵתͷҪε顣
תԺһǮò֪ʲôʱѾվԼһŵָƵ¶ЦЦĿԼǮõıһСӾ˶ٹԼ֮ܺܡ
ҧҧһǰһ۾ôģգҲգһµĿǮõһ˫ˮĴ۾ãʲôأҺȥ飬㶼֪ѽôǸЩʲôѽ˵ܸʲôɡһԼĿע֮£ΪԼĻԺǮõһŵָƵһӱòȻһ˫ˮĴ۾ҲĿţҺһĿӡ
ǮõӣһĸоǮӦòûķԼ֮ܺ飬ոǮ֮Իô˵ӦŮԵĵежġ
뵽һĵ֣֮£һȻ̾Ϣһã֪Թγȥûд㣬֪֪ɽȥ·жôҶ۵òˣ˵ˣУȥϣǶǳϵӦȥʲôѽˣǶȥˣôȥءһԼĻǮõһŵָƵͻȻǺҲԵЩŤŤ͸ոʦӱڵǮþͬһĺһġ
Ǯõӣһвɵһ۽ǵҲʶĴǮˣʮŮͻĵطͻ÷ʵĵطʣѾһŮˣȻȲܺĺĳϣɢɬ֮ȴһֱĸо
ʱһʶǰŮѾѧˣһϴѧŮˣŮỳģĪˣҺܺĳȥӶԴˡ
ͷһԺһǮûɵķƢѾжϣ֮£һǲɵ¶˼ֻĲײЦݣã֮ԲȥϣΪ˺һЩĶԲԡǮõıøӵĲȻû뵽һȻôͿԼ˼֮£ǮòɵĶ˼ֻţ㣬˵ʲôѽˣ㣬˵֮ûʲôǣ̳ңô㣬㾹ȻҪѹңˡǮһ˵һĲɵһ̳﷢һĻͬʯһһԺ֮˳һܺģܺĶԼܣмܻӭԺ󣬱Ҫϲɣ絽ܺĵ棬ΪǮõһ̣һһ̳ｫܺľ͵Ըûеʵ֡
Ǯһ˵һ΢΢һ֮£ɵĹЦһЦţһһпٵתͷһʲôĺĽͣſԽ͹ȥ
һЦӣǮöԼжԽԽûˣһŵָƵϣҲɵ¶˼ãȻı飬Ҳ૵ĵɣѽѵҲ²ôĩǮĻôһĶأǮòûпһֻǽŹЦԼģ૵ȴñ¶ĵܣһǮһ˵Ժ⡣
ãҲ̫ˣ˯ģ˯ģ˶ֲǲ֪ѵҪҾڲһϣȥôѽǮڼһμһʱ򣬶ߴ˧Ӳû̫⣬һȴָԼԣһֱԼͷϵĵ˸仨ˮԺǮöһɵĺøд
һߺǮþ֮ŮǰģţߴӢ˳ΪԼѣԼϷ߳ļɱķǲԼҲúôԺټһʱǮõ֮ж˼ֺõζҲһչԼŮԽһ棬ǿϧǣһЩһֱܺĵַ֮УȻûзǮöԼ仨⡣
Ϊ룬ʹǮû˯ãһϳԺǮòŻ˯˹ȥģ˯֮䣬ȴоԼϤϤ춯۾һȴÿһܺĵϷȥ
Ů˵еģڷһĻԺǮõоȻһĸо뵽ԼһɫĴ˶ʾһȴͬӶԼĸײǮõоζ
ϣǮһεʧˣЩ벻ͨΪʲôһԼĸ֮侹Ȼᷢ飬һ棬ȴϣԼˣһ֮ܺ䲢ûʲô
³ԺǮҪһ̵ϵĻᣬһò֤ʵܺĺһ֮便ûзʲôǸʱһûк֮ܺ䷢ϵȻ̹ȻǮĩôܴһõԼҪĴء
һһ̹ȻӣǮԽļᶨԼĲ²Ǵĵ뷨뷨ûмֶãͷܺȥܴ־ûдԼֻһʵ
̵ԺǮ÷һԼеķˣܺȥܴ־ĩԼǮõв
ܺĺһߵǶʱǮ̺ʱһѾĸǮԼѣȴһŮһȻŮԼ裬ǮûǾʮֵĲ
оܺĺһԺǮþվ·ߣǣȻǺһһǵһܺһ˵Ц˹ԺеĴӿҲһǵԭˡŮԵУǮϣܵԼĸ׵ķȥţ죬ֱҹųԼܺĵķһȻǲ˼ܺˡ
ȻǮûû뵽ܺĺһ֮˼֮ף֮ҪһزģĵʱһܺĺԼģһԼȻ֮õˣܺģǲԼԼҲô
ԣǮԷһԼĻᣬϺܺһһһòǳһϵܺĵĻᣬȴΪǮڳֻա
ܺĳԷܺȴֲԼǮøоԼѾ˼ޣһʱȴԼЦǮ̲סĽһĪһ١
ϣǮøˣԺ󣬲֪ܺҪ⹫ȥ棬ǮҲҪȥģ뵽һ˼ԼĻǲǾͿԽ̽һһôǵ뷨ǮòԼ岻Ϊڣûȥϡ
ڿһһĽе鶼ˣǮõҲ࣬һŵָƵҲһӯӯЦ⣬͸ոǼҪһ˵͵ӣֱˡ
ǮƺԼĽͣһһߵǮõߣǮõһŵָƵ£ҲСĵС㣬㲻СС͵ģԴﾹȻô뷨ˣѾˣ㲻ٹ˰ɡһͻȻЩȵľٶǮЩ֪뵽һȵĸԼǮõķĲɵȻһһŵָƵҲЩ
һǮòԼϸŵľٶ֪ǮöԼˣһ֮£һãˣ컹˸أߣҵҷȥø㡣Ǯһ˵͸Լİϲ֮£ȴҲŲҪأʲôö͸ѽǮõĻȻ˵ţһ߳Ժȴæ첽ȥ
һ֪ԼȻ͹ȥˣǵȵʱ䳤ԺǮûζһᷢԼĻ©̫ģԼܺĵĹϵȴǮ˵ȥġ
ǮȻɬȴˣҪסõİ취ȻΪԼŮˣοոһǮõʱһأŽ콫ǮôԼķԺԼҪеļƻһǲɵ¶һ˿ײЦ




055¡Ůĸ

߽һķ䣬һһǮýԺ󣬽ŷǮþȻվһҪֹ˼ûС
һӰóʱ򣬡ҡǮüæȥãһװһǮһ׷ˣǮֳһĻһ˳һһϤĸоǮεġˣԼôˡôͺһƵءˡǮúͿţĵȴΪˡĽ˼ڴ
ǮõķӦһɵýֱۣ˫ͻϮ˫壬šʲôءҪǮÿкţȴûʲôǶºòãһһǮõĶһ˵
Ǯһһ˵ȻһһɾͲˣʼ·Ǯõ鷿ǷݵԺͼͦĸоǮҧüعȥ;һֻֿסβʼץⲢš
еԣָáһֻ̾־ͨ˵ƵģǮõƨɣǸо͸˽㣬͸ǿ㣬ֱӴĵ׵ɵòסˣֻҧ촽
Žĳ㣬ǮõƨɱȺššţȻٱְţѹš㡭㡭ѽǿŽкǮʵĴƨءһĻش𣬸Ǯò
һֲûֹͣǮòذƨͦţŤͬʱᵽԼ￪ʼˡ
һƶץסǮϸ֫ѹţǮõƨɾ͸ߵؾ˳ԼӣǮõƨɸӷŤһƨϣܸоһӲӲġġƵĶѹԼƨϡ
һͦ˼£˳һϢǮøתԲΡһֶˣǮĳӿ˳ִ̽˽ȥǮĵһ£ϵֻûκα仯
ûļκηӦһѾ˿ͦεˬ¶˳Բ鷿ϱȫռݡһһƷķͦ͵ԣͬʱźޱĽͷ·ҪȷϷصĵ԰̰Ǯõӡ
ͦ鷿˼ɵسԼˣħֵչʾԼķӯۣŪͷʼͦеͷŪȫһеĳǮþĸоĻ꿪ʼʶҺ
Ǯ糺죬٣ֱѾ޷֧֣ſڵϣԵƨɸ߸ߵľһָǮýɽһͽ̵ͦԲζϣƨɺɫTͿƬְ۵ΰ꣬ȫȫڵı¶˳ַƬۣĵ׿㶼ôԸôҵãҡǮϣһſ죬Լŵæ졣
ظǰഺɬŮɣƷζɬӡƴԸгĽˡһǮõ񾱶ߣеֱĶ䣻һһţֿʼǮõĶ񾱡ڿıԵһظţָǮõĴڲĻ
ǮǿѹţԼϢһ̽˽һӸСѨ棬һɹʱ͸׿㴫˹ȥ
ǮòһȴûжܵǮȼʪһڿ㣬ָǮñеһط˽۵ıָÿһ֣ݵرӵ˾ͷ˿ۺɫѨ绨ٰһǰţϴʵ¶飬һע΢΢Ĳ
ãˮǶడԼ˵ŰմҺָ͵ǮõǰһӣǮÿάֱֵˣ
Ҫ۸ˡڵǮѾ׵ı¶ڿУ۷ƨɸ߸ߵķֿصǴһǰչ¶ްĴֿҺʪѨչʾŽۺͿ
ԼӣǮõӿһˮһǰ˳ƵǮõһһһﻹ̵סһҪǰŮ͵ҪǮͻȻ˹͵һһˣҲͷſϾһǴǿġ
ǮôϢһѹԼ֪ôϲ㣬ǣǵһңңһܲ˵ģҵʱòáǮսһ£糺ͣһᡣ㣬㲻ǿҵĶԲԣң֪֪˳ҵġңȻطҵʱ俼һ£ңҿǺ˽㣬㿴㿴ôǮ˵ֽʤ
Ǯö˵ˣһôأֻܷſǮãĿǮ뿪Լķ䣬һȵЩͷԼոͷŹǮǲ̫˾ӵʱǮԼķﺰһˡ
һ԰׳̵ٶܽǮõķãˡϤϤĳƺϤԸСһſ˫ӭŵڶγԼŮ
һͨˣǮϲĽţȻ׼һ޴ϲûȫҪ㣬ھҪһж㡣һɣϤĳ˵ϢǮõıǼ䣬ȱѹµ͵ر˳һֱӾ͵˵ĻһͷһͣסǮýС죬ǮСһӭһϴ
һ֮ǮѾ̱һĻǮ΢΢ֿĽε˫۰ױ˫壬һŪǮõĶ
ҪʲôˣҵáĶʵ˳ְתѻ˷ŵĴϡոյ뿪һټȷǰ˾Ǯó׷Լ֡㡭ҡΪķɧĵ롭㡭Ǯ÷̵ӽһţȴᶨ˵š
˵ʱĵײɵһ˫ȱһˮһĸоһ·鵽СѨ鵽ĵף
˵һһǣӼӲˡڳ츾˵˷ŵӵķ飬һζһʼḧǮѩ׽ʵĴȣİ˵ڲࡢÿһϸۼ
޵ŪǮȫȣƵĲϵϮϰ̨ϵϰʶŤطֿšΨһдʶǮãڰ칫ңҧ´ֻ߳˵
аɣҵãһ˶ûСһָסǮõСѨسȡʪ塣һءһĻ˿أǮõ߿סҪ壬ҵŤ
һһ̽Ǯõڿ㣬ãԸеڿ㰡õöˮſ˵ŰڿõǮı档ҪˣҪ˼ҡҡǡ⴩㿴İˮҲΪһİ㻹ߡ˼ҡǮò˽ڸ߳Եļ尾Ѿ׵ķſˣ˼ҡҪ㿴Ǹͺúý㡣һ˵ţͷս˵죬ͷ̽Ū⡣ǮСѩ׵ƨɲɵüнȫĸоֻʣһˣеϷŪǮø߿ؽ˳۷ĴȽнճˮϵӿһסǮõķʺ⻬ͣشƬ֮ŪǮõںͳѪͦˡǮõһһ͵䶯ţСⲻͣĲɧѨһأеѾһƬֻʣ»߻͡򳤻̵ġˡ
ǮþԼԽԽȣµһֵɧͷͦ˳ͣŤϣһȥԼӣһѾǮɶˣûע⵽˵Ҫ󡣡Ұҵġӣ׸硭ҰǮøɴԼĳ⿪͵ȥһǣһְԼ鷿ϣһš




056¡Ůĸ

һһֻ˵鷿ظŪϤļͦͷӯһҲ״㡣һεķˣҪˬ졣뵽⣬һһְѿһɣһڿ㣬ִļͶ˶ĹͷΡΡ¶˳
ǮͲסԼ˫ִסۼͦ˫飬ͷụ̆һȥڴ˵ĥеתȴͻȻһԭο˱ԼͷƾʧˡǮ߳㣬պ˫ۣȴһͦŴִļʹԼ壬æֱ۾
ɣˣһװģɣҪ˰ǮšԽŢˮ˴棬մʪ̵ͦԲΡǮñ˷ƨǰͦȴ˵ĳһסʼùͷŪǮʪ⣬ҲͣĸŪ
ǮõĴ˼ޣɧܵѩ׵Ĵſţ޳ָŪӲֱͦͷСڵҲ΢΢ϣ̣ɧĹڴ˵ļϲԼɧѨѾĵ塣
ءǮüҵŤ壬۾ˡˡǮøߺ˳ֻһƬհףõһһѨ˳ۣҲ䰡ȻһŮ˲٣ڸ߳ʱŮ˻ͷһμŪһֱΪձAVƬأԭа
ܲˡ˰ҡˡǮţݵͷţȴӿΣҰɡҰСɧĺ˳һµѾԼŪ˲˷쳣סǮýС֣ŵͦ˵ҪôסҵҵļͲСɧѨȥɡȡô󡢺ӲǮ̾šһĻһ߳ܶصķ˷ܲȫǮõСֲŽץסҧ촽һӾͰѼԼʪ졣
ýһļɣǿż13ⶴĵֿ󣬡ѲǸŮͷ谭ǮõĲҽһ֤ʵһ㡣ʹĺʹҡҪҲҪǮ͵һظǴŮһʳ⡣ţʹǮһţʹֵĻش
ô󵨣һʵ㡭ʲô˼ǲ˵ҾͲӦǸŮǰ֪Һ¼һ٣ٶŪҲ֪ôˣϲ㣬ӵһۿҾϲ㡣Ҳ˭ҲʲôģҾϲŪԸΪɧΪ㵴ĻġΪҰ㣡ʲôҾʲô㡢أôʹҲȸңң㻹˵Ҵ󵨣ǲǸͰҵһһɧһ˾ɷ¼ŮˣŪһǲǣ㲻¸ôģҲ㸺κΡԼ˲ûаοԼô˵Ǯˡ˵꣬һ֣Ķ۵ԲͻȻǰһʹǮһҺرסһһļѾǮó˽ȥ
ʹʹǮòͣĴҧ˵ģҲ㸺ԼԸģҰ㡭ģǿ㣡Ҳڣҿ˵ҵĵһΪ鸶ġ˵⣬ʹѾǮ˵κλ
һͷǮһԹ޵۾۽ǲͣϳݽҧ´֪ǰǿǷһȥ˵ˮİɣҶḺģ֪Ҳ֪ľģһ仰ڶ˵Ժһ˶ˣͷֺס˵ĶεŪһǮõһе㡣Ҳ˵ôҾ뿪ҵôһһֱ㣬ġûʹΪҲ֪ǴŮһḺһúð㣬㣬㡣Ǯ˫ۣ۾ͻȻ桭ģסһֱֽ˽ģҲϲ㰡ϲһĸоϲɧϲˣ㲻˵һ˵ĵôҪ˵㻰һ˵Ķ˵µ֣סǮõĴƨɣĴ࣬ƬƬģƨֵۡģ˵ĻһĵĸοǮõϺôʹˣղ˵󼦰סСѨȻһĸо
㻰ֻҪ硭ҪңҾһ˵ġ˵ţǮõƨػһ쵽˻˵ı仯ȴóȻжֻǮػţտĴŮѨزһִĴ̼
һļͿʼǮõﶯϧǮƴĽӣҴ䣬ֻܺ죬ʱʱǳɶǮصҲǱһζ
һоͷ䵽ȫǮɧͣ𽥵شáϵͦΰһĲӣ촽һ΢΢ķֿС죬һ촽ϻһȦ̽һĿǻڡȻûʲô飬ЩӲһȴظ
Ǯ÷ŵϣ˵˫ȼ˼һӯ˫飬һ̽Ǯõƨһ߸ŪԲ̵ͦ⣬һǮõƨԼĶ˶ʼ룬ƿա۵ڣСѨĽȡʪ壬һֱףȻѵˮƵӹһٵĳܵأǮַԼ䴦ֿʵĴȣƨʶӭ˵ĻĿա
һһҡʹˡһ㡭ɡΪԼáԡƨɰڶһ£áԾͦһ¡תԡһתһͦԣҵһһ߳鶯һߵ˵԰ɣǮõĻһЦ˵СɧԼҪ˵ôΪԼ˵£Ǯ´ߣ۾ŤţȴЭһŪԼ鷿Ĵ֡
ء֮ʤ³ϢǮѩ׵ļ߳һ˿˿ᣬһӿؿУʹȫһ˲ľˣ¸ӲȻضš
Ҫ׸硭ҰɡҰɡ찡ˡҰĵʲô㰡һٶȺƵʡ
á㡭ġߡȻѾͬ˵Ū˵ڣǮû߲ԽĶˡ˵㣬ҵСɧȻ˵ı֣һӿٶȣŪǮáءááġ󡭼͡ҰǮõĺͻظ߿ˡˡ֡ˡĶ˾ҵĲ˫Ƚıסһ
һæӣסǮòĽͷضǮõӹϣĥ˿Ǯõ˵ĲͣɶһһӹҲһһŪһĹͷ桭һǮôһĲлظ˹ָһı׸磬̫˰ɣҰĴ󼦰ͺݺݵĲҰҪһ˵ССɧ˵ţƨɿʼתͦ
׸硭Сɧѧû찡һˣסǮãųֻͣǰƨҵתһǮõɧѨͣ
ǮֻԼ·һͷ͵Ұޣ˷ײţڶͣе˵ĥ£뱻˵ָƵģһ泩еϸǮñǼ󣬷һûзйһ¶ѣû뵽ôͱһɵ׸硭ûᡭ氡ˡһҰ㣬㡭Ĵ󼦰ˡ˵Ĺһ鶯ֻѼһĳǮʪٵͦ
ܵϵĦǮֻˮϵӿСⱻһһŵģ߳ǵĳ鴤˵áиʮ°µģһȻþȫֱס
һǮú˳һһΡѹ˴ִļͣĥĥ͵һ嵽ͷȻ漴ΡһʱʱǳسţǮõȲԽԽĳ͸ӵӦ֣ŢСѨҲŻ󿪣˲øۡ͡죬ˮ磬˵Ľϴȫʪܵģ׵ҺǮõĴѪż͵ĳͲϵ




057¡Ůĸ

ǮõƨһƬӭ֮ͦ䷢󡢹󡱵Сɧɧ췢ˮˡһ٩µˡ͵һΌӢۡ硭Ĵ󼦰͡ϰɡǮ۷ףҡڵĿвͣӣĵ˵
һҲǼûзй˷ŵɧ˵ģӲ˼㡣Ҳ˲ϧµˣҲ˲ʲôֻǿٵĳ壬µףδε⣬һֳ˶֡Ǯø˫ȳñֱֱһĽֻʣһ֡忪ʼһһͣز׼ٴܸ߳ϴ
ѽ׸硭ҲСˡˡߡһαϸ߷Ǯλġ
һȫļŤķˮĽùǲӲȡͷһƬƨɵҲǿҵľҺڹһ֦ѹǹÿƽһ£˾һҺ壬ӵǮǮҲܲˣرסԼˣˡǮõԴ֣ǰһڣʲôҲ֪
죬ǮòƵһѱԼڰ̨ɳϣһִֻطԼͦ鷿ϣһֱԼ䣬ԼԲ̵ͦƨɷСϡһӲȵĶͶסԼķΣ˶ͦĶˣѾԼι˵ȡ˫ȸβ⣬ڼͦѹ£ĸо͵Ľִ󣬼Ӳ˵ȣ۵ļоó״̧ͷǮõֱһĲӣ㡭û֮ȸǮã˺ս֮⣬Ǯ̧̧ƨɣѰʵ˫΢΢ֿȵļܸ븧ŪԼҺÿ˲㰡һһ˵ţһİѼһʣ˶ĹͷǮðĴȼͦ˳ΡΡк
һο˼͵Ǯãǰ¶ļһһοһͻȻԼȼðģǮñܵļн˫ȣȴһĺһ
ϵǮõС־ͺסһ޳ָŪĹͷˮǮýеףҲˮİһֺЦĿŮ֪ʶ׳գƫɧ쳣ˣǰô»ҲˮġǮԼ˫ȼḶ́ʶԼȲⰴĦһļͣʪ
ǮΪԼļṩůһؼͲͦһ˵ĽǶȣǮõϡ֪ôһ٩һǮãȴǮڹͷϺݺݵһ¡Ҫıɱ׷򰡡ʹһˣĺǮ÷µءôҪʲôһŵʣձҪгϢˣ
Ǯ͵ذſӣһ֮䣬˲ΡΡĴͷһ£ŲӽջϿԼˡʵĻҾͰҧ˵СһţԱƵŪһļ͡
û뵽¿СŮôطԼͻȻогôǮһƤˣһ㱵ĵ˵ͷǻ˵ѵҪҴ̺򣿡Ǯһ°˶Ĺͷ˽ȥ
ߡһһ¡˵ʵǮõļɺܲ˵ǸͲᣬֻǿӰѧģװװӶѡ
ǿŽĵ˳ŷſԼ֮䣬С캬ŹͷǵӣҪΪǮõļ̫ݹʹԼһһкǧˡ뵽ϵѾزͬʱҲΪ˻һԼĳ嶯
֪µ˱ҧһļش궯ҪõһܿǮõ˼ǮõС»ѾһĵЦһѴֳͦļʹյǮõСߡ»صůʵĻһĺһ¡µˣҡͷȴһĴ̼
һſ˵ͷԲļͷͣʶţѹֵӣһʶԼһæ̧Ǯõͷ滨ӣϵ˵СɵϣİŮ˾㰡ô˵ʲôǮñ۾ͻȻһ˵İŮ˾㰡ҵСɵϣһǮõ˫ۡ
ǮðСϲúҸһӿͷԼ糺˵˫֮䣬ͬô̵׸磡۸ңˣңСҲ¡ҲƭҡֻҪúõİҡ˵ţСһţֿʼһˡ
һְŪǮӣתǮò֪һҪʲôеϲúҸֻ˳ӵƶһֱһĹͷ
ȵԼƱöôʱǮѾһǰȼһļϣԼְ۵ƨɡιƨۻлһ¶˵ǰΪ˱Լ岻»˫ָǽıסһıԼʱдӲ鷿ѹ˵ĸﻹǵغŴִؼ͡ǮȻԼӣɬͷݵһӲȫˮȪˮƵһֱסǮõķƨɣһعۿǮõ΢Ĳ䶯ȻͷŪǮƬʺȻ͵ͷšŪš
ı浽涼ŪԺһͷȻ̽˽ȥһʹǮ˷ܵһһȫһһĶšҵСɧˮöడ𰡣ԭСѨǸˮ˼أһĵ٩Ǯøǲ뿪һŪԶһЩ
һγûпжǮϾԭˣԼһ»һļ;͸̽ԼСԼĺϣеϢĸоƵǮϾƶְԼСѨ͵һ͵ֻٴ£֮˫صζͱ˿ùĽɿУѾǮñˣһͦż͵Сš
ŶһѨ˳һǰǸ羫ŮˣһŴˮϵӿ˳һֵæҵģˮֵһЦ룺ԺҪСˡǮôʱѾ䵽̺ϣһػȴǮ÷۵ĽſڵذϣԲ̵ͦƨİڶţʪܵ߳ܵľԼ
׸硭ҺҡҰɡҰвͣšһ˫ָǮ̵ͦƨɣȻ⣬룬ֻģȻһֳڵ̺ϣһץסǮ´İ鷿ꡣ
类ѿĴ̼ըƵɢǮȫ̲סߵͦԼƨɣͬʱҲô󡭡׸硭ĺá󰡣һ壬Ǯ̲סԼҡڷΣײСɵʪһһεĽɵʧ١
ǮðԲƨɲϵײ齻ϡҡĶôһ㡭ϲôҰ죡졭ġǮþŷĴƨײ
һµҪĸ߷壬һ͵ؼӿ켦ͳٶǮСƶײžžͼͽߴߴһƬ
ǮáءһŤԼƨɣƵ԰嶯ٴηСϡƵѽһļУһٴǮڵĲͣѹեʪ̵һ˷ܵͷǣ˵ƵƴʶšһҲһͺߣסǮõӹڣѹ̵ľҺݺݵع˽ȥ˶ըıըˣѻǶըöˡֻ֪һ𣬰ѶԷԼڣʹöԷԼˮ齻һĲֱ˴ˡ
һԶУһܺǮĸŮΪԼŮˣһһɫᣬвǣһļʱΪ챻ǮòţּܺһߣԺ֮ĹϵûдĽչ
ԼΪԼһɽܷȡһ֮һ˼ټһȤĬߴӢҲʹɷϴûеõ츾һĺøи˼֣ȻŮ鰮һ֣ȴӷһʵʩƻˡ




058¡Ůĸ

ܺĺǮĸŮˣһȻĽĸŮͬգһĸŮͬһĴ̼ȴΪǮõĴԴָܺ߹һֻǽ뷨ѹĵȴʱĸŮͬʱԼ¡
Ϊһ˵ջᣬһȻֲ˼񣬵ܺģԼǮŮӵɽʱһȻһֵʧĸоΪ֪صɽԺΪĹϵԼܺĵļһģܺǮһˡ
ϵģһ뵽ȻصԺ󣬲ܺĵļһĸŮΪΪСȴĸŮҷɺɺȷŮڵԼأ뵽ЩһеʧһӼ࣬ڽʱһаһĬĬɽһˣɽŮǣһˡ򳤿ԼźŮƽĻˣҺߵʱȣԵݹ⻽һ֮£ĵķһһ٣֪ԼźŮΪܵһӵģҲ֪ǻĵķһһ٣ҪſԺӵ׷ɱһˡ
һڼ˯һ𴲵ʱѾˣʱһʶԼĶѾùˣҴԺһҪȴԵ㶫Žϣһ˴ĵСѽ׼ʲôȥѽһһ֪Լ˵ˣǺԼסŵ칫־־칫ҸѾнʮˣͨĿԱһֱɵελãڵ򳤺ǵҲǸϲµˮƽˡ
־Ϊһ۸ڶģȻһס˶ţ˼ҲǴкûʲô
ĺԼȵĴкһͷһһʱ䣬һȻһܳĸоæعͷһ˵ͷΣģⲻϢһ£û£ԾȥԵ㶫ˡһһ˵־ղɵĹһЦС㿴㣬ǾŶŵģôҪȥԷѽҲûгߣҼȥɩӸ㳴ˣǺúõĺ˵ʵȻһôʱˣһסŶţǻûһȹءһ־յһӣЩɻһ۸ڶϲڱ˻ǰʸ־գôԼôˣıζʲôأ뵽һҪ־ա
һĻûüڣ־ռҵ֨һ˿һԼʮ߰ĸվſڣôؼһվſڸʲôѽϿؼҳԷɣҪȻ˿ɾͶˡˣһѸٵĸı⣬Ҫ־յĻҲˣãΣҾ͹ˣϣ߶һˡ־տһӦԼҪ󣬲ɵĹһЦһĸ첲ȵĽһ뵽˼һ߽־յļʱĲɵֱѵǴ˵еԵôӿһͷǸʱһոյȻְ񣬵ȴزģĸŮһİС֮ϼһҲʶÿ鶼һߣң칫ңҡ
Ǿһ죬һһԼĶĸˣϣһһȥһ̧ͷȴһһѩȹĸӭԼ˴Լʮ߰ͣһԲԲ֮Ͼµٷ·ǱʦƹһģҲһ˿覴Ρ
ںȹĳ֮£ʹø͸ģһǰչ˳˸ݵĵطݣ÷ʵĵطʣų츾˵ַ飬ŮĽģĸˣס˵
һ̣һĶˣȻֻӭ츾ĽõӰȴĵ״ӡ쿪ʼһÿϰ඼һܵ飬ʱߣΪ·ߵʱԽôԼǸԼһĸ˵ĻʾԽ
ǣһȴÿ춼õ˵ģÿһΣһľͻᶯһ£жӡҲԽԽʱһԼܲ͵͵ĸڸ˵󣬺Լ֪˾ס˭ôõĸȡôõš
ϰʱ·ϱϾһȻԼбҪȥʶһ츾Լûлһ츾ķ󣬵ǿϰ·ģһȴֻôͷ
һû뵽ǣԼҹǣҵĴ˶ȻסԼĶţ־յţǽ־ղ֪񾭴ǮʹԼԷһ֪Ҫȵʲôܽʶֵĸء
־սһý˿Ժ󣬱㽫ԼŽܸһʶһʱ֪츾ֽ꣬ڸ˽Ժ־մķԸ꣬ٳòˣ׼һþƣӦһһ˸ת׼ȥˣ־պһ
Сѽߵ˶ܺһԸǿǲѽ־տԼһĵһ־ձĻһʱ䲻ýӿڣֻܿ־գġ
־ֽŵСѽЩ깤ɼͻϼ쵼ʶί֯ǰѾˣҵľ鿴򳤺пܵõãСôѽί֯Ҫɽ򿼲򳤵飬һҲŵģ飬һĹϵһҲûôϣ־һ˵һһµ־սĽԼ뵽ˡ
뵽һ㣬һɫĵΣǻʲôѽǲŲμӹãϵ£ǿǲ̫ģǰϣɵöһءһһǲ᲻صƨȻ־ĵúһһ˵Ժ־΢΢һЦС֪֪õãǾζɽ±䶯ϣһܴĸı䡣һ˵ͷ־գ־ֽ˵ߵˣ򳤵һһУһһӦöģǺǣôؼʱ򳤵ɾͱúҪˣСһգܹ糢Ըǲĺõģ˵ôһȻ֪Ҫ쵼ɲԺ󣬽Ӱ˵¶Ҫճ̣ʱҪ쵼ҪˣʱҪ쵼ѡҵϼ쵼ľߣ־֮ԻôԼȻҪԼְ֮㣬øṩһֵ鱨־׼ȻҲӦ־սԼԷҪԭˡ
Σİɣ֪ӦôˣֻǣԺԸˣɲҪѽһԼ棬ЩŵĵԼӣæش־ա
һȻٳȴΪλõԭ򣬶ԹٳϵЩͶˣΪһϵľʹ־Щİʾ֮У־յĻ⡣
һû뵽־յһκԼ棬ֱ׵ĸԼҪٵһԸ񣬵ͻܾ־յģ뵽ԼÿԽᣬ־ռţиĻ׽꣬һڵĽӦ
־տһӦԼҪȻǸˣºһյ仰е仰뵱꣬һĶ䶼һϼӡ
ֽҲˣŶ̶̵İСʱͽ׼ˣ˷Ժһ־һ츾飬һҲ־յĺպ͸ոôˡ
־ǺƺҲһ򣬶ƿ߶Ȱ׾ƾͼ˵ףȵϵõƿʱ򣬷˵ͷѾЩˡ
ƿٺʱ򣬷嶼ҡһҲЩģֱƿƣ˲ǴӾΪҲȶˣԲȥʰ꣬Ǽ˺һ־Ķ飬һһû뵽־գȻţԼǰɳ˯ˡȴҡҡλεܵϴȥˣﻹһһֳ
һͷӿͷһȥ£ûֻǷ˸ĴΡʱһŵ߹ȥͷһϲֻһ˫ۣϴϴϴͿӡ
ʧʧһһ䣬Ӻ滷ס걻ȹס˻




059¡ƺһ

šϹᣬ˼һֻԼ˯˵ˣô࣬ǲһϹȵЩԺû뵽һȻôĵӣΪԼϹ׳ɫһԺ󣬾ȲԼˡ
һ˫Ϯͦε˫壬꽿ؿ鵽ţᣬ˼ϴҶҪҸˣ𼱣ȰҰȹȻϴ治㡣һȫû뵽Ҫһȹĺ󾱣ŵʴ㣬ɢѪŵˮζһ£׶ĺһ¶
ۣȻûд֣һһֱӽ΢̵Ĺɹֹͣѩ׵ıɣһе㷢Լ䣬ѩԲļ΢ʶ΢΢Ĳš
һӺֻס꣬ס¶ͦ˫壬˫ҦᰵĻЩ34Dĳߴ磬۶еԡ
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һѨе߸оڲͣĳ鴤ĥ˱һִߣһȫë׶ſˣеĿУֻ𻯵ݡ
һƴʱٿˮ˫òҰ׵ϣһѹµüͷת
ʱһɵĳĶֿ㣬߽ĲѨУһֽ棬ʱ˽˫ɫĸ߸Ь֮⣬Ѿһ˿ˡ
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һ׳Ѩл鶯ʱ˫Ŀüͷʹıʹڲͣ䶯ĥһߣǷʵϵĿУһδġһƺ뵽ʲô˦ͷƲһӵᴽͻȻſ˵˫ĿһСѾõҪˣŹҰɣһϹ߽һʱɫ죬˲ɵˬֹͣͷ꣡侫֮Ȼͻˣûô׳ģҪæһƤ˵㡭ǿҪ㡭ˡбǿȵǿ˺ȥϹҪҪ㣡һĶһΡ㡭˵ɣҪôŻᡭŻ˵˫ңͦӭҵĳ壬ҺܿͻġãҪӦҲ桭û⣡ŮˣȻȲһɬͦӭһĳ壬ֻΪܲ˴󼦰͵ʹмʹΪ˿ʹһ侫խ۵Ѩĥһ׳Ӳͦߡ
һͷסĴʱΪһҪһ䣬ȻҲһͷţǻʳŶԷҺһ˫ѩȳƵ˵Ľ˵Ľܣǿȸĥʵһ϶ûС
ǿ͵ĽţֻҪһһʱҲ˽ϵĿֱסһĲǸᴽסһĴһ⡣巢ײġžžžһ׳ڳҺ壬ҲΪҺʪѨġ꣡ϡ
һĿͲ壬µͻȻһһʵ޳Ȳͣĳ鴤ҡҡ૵˵
һ꣬˳ȫ۵ʵͦӲִĹͷѾ뵽ӹﴦֻоӹǻͻȻҧסһĹͷڣĸ߳ˣһɹȵԪɻ緢һĹͷۿϡҸ硭㡭㡭졭Ÿ߳е˵ģһʼ硭ҡԵĽţϳ鴤ѩ׻ԲȽһϣҵͦӭһĳ塣
һܵͷһǿ֪Ҫˣͬʱ߱䶯ĥ˱һҲ̲סֻͷһͼ䣬һŨɽ緢ӹĻϣͷ緢ʱĶ̵ĳ弤ꡣǲˣԲҡ̫ˣγĻẦҡߵƿһ




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ٶһùһסԺɺɺ˷ſڣһͳƴ򿪷ŵʱɺɺЩɣ΢΢Щظ˵ҡҡһ֪ʧʧɺɺļҶĵڣһٴɺɺӵڻ촽صظѹ촽ϡ
һɲʱɺɺûͷһѣȴһ˫۱ýģá
һһָֻɺɺ°ͦϣһִֵĸоѸٴɺɺȫеɺɺ֫оһѣ֫Щ̱鲻Խأɺɺʼһ
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ʱɺɺӳˣ㷢˳Ⱦ֬糺죬˫ﺬΣ޵촽΢ĲϸźرͦΡ
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ʱɺɺֻʣһ׵οţһڿԱɺɺ˳ķزɺɺͦ鷿εıǡôƤȻ΢ڣȴǳ⻬
һŪɺɺ˿һļͣϣŪѾ͹ͷɺɺʼؽҹ̣һ˳ɺɺ㱳߸Ħƽ⿪ֵĴۣɺɺϵĽ˫´
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һɺɺߣͷȥһֻɺɺ⻬Сȥ⿪ɺɺĿӡ
ʱɺɺȫ׷еж԰Σ̧β˫ȣһĶʹһ׵ؾͰĽţп
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һָ˿ɺɺԸеڿ죬ͣɺɺ˫мƬѾ΢΢ʪķݵϣȻڿ㣬ڣһٸѾһ˿ˣɺɺеȫһǰ
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ΪɺɺĻխһ׳ֱ־ͷĲɺɺδйĳʵеͬʱһƴʹҲʵú׼ɺɺü΢塢ҧݣΪٸ֪ݵʹ֮ͻӭ޾Ŀ֡
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ɺɺŤʹǵ໥ĥУɺɺоԼĻ֭ӿ֣崫ĳʵкУɺɺ׷
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һоóɺɺһһĴȼúܽɴ˴ĽɺɺӹһĹͷҧסʹһˬĲˡ
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оһ˫Ϯİ˫壬ɺɺ̶ʱߺһƬ˫۵ͬʱزȴ΢΢ͦ·Ҫһȫ鲨
һֻǰҫ۵ѩУɺɺǶԷӯͦԲĻٰ㺬էٰ֣ģһԽС硢Өɰ̺׵ͷӡߴؽһͦš
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һĴָʳָ顢ɺɺɰͷȻ캬סһͷ˱ţⲻʱתģɺɺһĸŪ±øӲˡ
һҡβͷĥɺɺĻĴתͷĸܵɺɺʹ΢Ĳһɹ֭Һϴɺɺӿ˳ȺĽһ׳ĴһоƮƮɡ
ɺɺʼˣǻ﷢˵ĽţŶãܲˡҺ͡ô֣ŵšһ㡭Ŷһµɺɺ΢ţͷԼӣһ뿪ɺɺѾǳɫͷתɺɺε㴽ƷеĽҺͷɺɺͷһٽ˱һԼСɺɺĺ߽ԽԽҲԽԺͻȻɺɺһ˫þȫؼнһͬʱŤһҲǵøʵͷüһ𡣡һɿɺɺ̴ںһȻһ·ȥֱͦ񾱡һ·¡һ촽ǹɺɺѩۻظȻٴҧסһС硢ӲͦĿɰͷ޵ɺɺһⰻȻĽ䡣ΰѵɺɺҲԼת糺̸ߺһƬ
һͷסɺɺһߴӲͦĿɰͷ˱һһָֻסɺɺһֻŭŰʡΡΡĽָסͬѪ̺ɰĽСͷһͬʱϧؼӸͽ
ģһоɺɺԽԽȣⲻϵ䶯ǿ˱һһ벻ɺɺСѨôĽ޵Ŀɽ
һɺɺӣҰͷɺɺԴĻתĥһĸоֱӿɺɺĴԣŤ۹⻬Ը壬䶯ڣһ˳ɺɺеĵ߷塣
ԸӣҺԴȪӿɺɺʼһ²ܲ˵ؿҵؽ񴭣ʺϢС켱ٵغţһǿ˱һĴ
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һɺɺǰǶԱͦ⻬ϸ飬ִͣͬʱʱͷ˱嶥°ͷ㡢ΡΡķۺɫ顣ɺɺֻȫһĲŪһ͸ڵĴŴıһѹ£ƾһɵݺ۳ҡ
һּҵؽʹɺɺøΪ˽ޣеɺɺƴŤѩ׵ӭһϴ
һȥɺɺǻصĴϢڶţһغסɺɺ㴽˱ţĽҺϵͨɺɺ޵˫̡һĿڣɺɺĶ౻һɵĲţ໥ﲻͣطڡءššͿֵϴɺɺıǻдֲĽرסһͬʱͦůʪĻӭһĳ塣ȻΪɬɺɺĶԵЩɺͻɺɺķӦȴǿҵؼһĿ
һ˷ܵĿʼͦɺɺҺһһɵĴ˳û뵽ɺɺҺô࣬Ūһ°ʪܵģϴɺɺڳҺɺɺ󻬶ȣҲһִҵɺɺĽխѨ
һʼĳ壬ÿζùͷײɺɺԴĻģһʱֻ꣡꣡꣡ͣǿҵĳͷĦɺɺĸоʹԽԽӼıסһһɺɺѩ׻Բ⻬ȽһɺɺůʵʹһӹĹͷ͵ĸ󣬹ͷڽʱͣĹβɺɺ۵ڣʹɺɺоȫ飬
ڣɺɺԻ˵˫̧һʣ۱һʣȫһΰĳ鴤ڵۻڸǽĲסһȹ̵ĴִһԵУɺɺ۽СѨƬİҺԭɺɺﵽ˵һθ߳
һܵɺɺĿк͸߳ʹһ˷ܣһЦŶɺɺ˵ôɣһ߳ϡ
ɺɺڸ߳ûдһһַɺɺβĴеӲһĳܹÿһζжʵʵڵײɺɺĳܹǣĦͳһɺɺĿС
һȴִ£ɺɺоԼԽԽĿУԽһ䶯ţڱǽϸš˽ţһ˫ʱ١ʱƽšʱһ󣬻Բ˫һÿһ²ӭϵؽ̧
ʱһѹµɺɺޱȻ̽ӣ΢ţתţһ˫ѩ׵ź۽סһСֽؿٽһļһѹۡ
һȼӲĴɺɺѨɺɺϴȫɺɺѩҫ۵Ĩ˲ϼɺɺӲزǰͦʵ鷿粨ΰԾó˲ӿ鲨
ɺɺ߳㺹꣬ɺɺӿİҺĻ꣬ɺɺڱߵĽдһжϳɼ񳱵Ĵ߻
һ׷Ѱ߷͵Ůֻ˽ϵײĦֻʣһٵⲯײʹϢ
ɺɺоԼԽԽʪ妻һĳҲԽԽҰһҰطֿɺɺޱȵԲ̵ĹͷֱؼɺɺСխڣֿڵճĤ⣬شɺɺԴǻİСڣɺɺǺŵĽۻģͷ˵۸պõִ棬һɺɺɢදסﴫǿҵĴ̼ɵһ󼱴ٵĽ񴭡
ɺɺͷƴ޵Ӳ˷ܵĺ쳱ʱһ˿Ϣٶӯнһ㡭Ŷ¾á̫ม̫ǿˡءᡭЩڼеɺɺ壬εεһ߲ͣ죬ֻһǿſ༸Ҫǻĳˡ




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มŶŶ㡭ˣòɺɺˡʪС족ءţԻ޵ӣ߸ߵľջ
ɺɺ޹ǡ˻ȫǸһԽľΡ鴤еճĤزһĴִϣһƻȵС
ɺɺķӦ̼һչӿҰس̡һɺɺһͷδҲĹԳɺɺСӹڣɺɺߺ̿ʼò԰ѩ񴭵С췢һѪšļٰĽ䡣ššһ꽿䣬ɺɺխСӹͻȻٴνסһ˶ĻԲͷķһƬѣ˼άһհףɺɺٴлŮļ۷塣
һҲܵɺɺͬǿҴ̼һסɺɺ˵ѩ׷ΣɺɺܵСһҧסһĴ˵ܺϣʹһÿͦɺɺʪʱɺɺ°һ°ڶ
һɺɺĽᴽɺɺŴ죬˫һ죬ǵڿǻһ𣬽Һ˶̰ŶԷе֭
ʱɺɺͻȻŤʪ͸СѨٵͦʮº󣬾ͽĶסһĳܹǲнţมҪҪȫˡˡɺɺһ㲻ͣĶš
һĹͷʱɺɺ˻Ľĵһ𣬸оһӲСͣදһĹͷۣɺɺһܵӹҧסһͷڵľһŨ̵Ӳ͵СһĹͷϡ
һǴִɺɺ۵ڳ£Ҳ̬˵ٸɺɺڵǿĦһ飬ټɺɺСխڵһΣʪ۵Ĥز׳˶һգһľѳʧأòˡ
һþȫٴν޴ɺɺȽխ͵һ塭ɺɺһ䣬ҧü壬ξӨӽյж--һϲúˮһŮ˵Ů彻ļ֮ۡˮ
ʱһĹͷɺɺխ޴ĹͷɺɺĽӹڣһŨ̵ľҺֱԸеٸɺɺӹȵУһ˶̵Ĺͷɺɺǽۿɰһදѹڽ˶ޱȵĹͷɺɺӹڡ
εཻŵȫһĲһһɹ̵Ũɺɺµӹڡ
ȿеɺɺֻӹڽסһ޴ĹͷǻӲĹͷھƵһɹɹ̵ľҺ̵ӹڱһ飬δݸɺɺӹڣӹڵһ󼫶ȳ鴤Ѹٴɺɺȫ
ɺɺоӹڼȵľеؽһȵĿɺɺ֪ʲôֻ巼¶泩
һĴͷ󽥽ƣɺɺ̺졢СʪѨﲻϳһɺɺ˵ĺܰû뵽һôˬ߳˼Ρɺɺһ˵꣬ߺһ˫˵ķһľſᴽסһ죬ĮȪƵ˱һ⣬һǿ͵Ļǣ˴˶̰ŶԷе򣬼Ĵ̼֮С
⼸޴̼ʴǵԸ߳ɺɺʢŵʻ̱һ£һ˫ۣ˿а۽ѩһ㱡㺹Բ˫ƽС΢Ĳɢ㡣
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ɺɺ԰񳱵У׳ûһĻ䣬ʶأɺɺʮָݽһıһȻоеʹȴɺɺһΪܵõɺɺ㡣һɲŹɺɺƣ۵ǽıһοеನڿƮ𣿡һɺɺһģϾһʵ˼԰ĸ߷壬ɺɺĶͷʻžӨĺ飬һϧḧɺɺʪĶͷˮһɺɺ򴽵Ķ³ɺɺĵ׵뷨ɺɺͷһ´Ϊɺɺ˱ˮɺɺˮȴÿһָڿвԸһƵغ˿ˮزɺɺ
ĴˮɺɺƣɿݵɤڿԷһ̾Ϣô󡣡ĺһһۣ˵һ΢Цҡͷ˵ǲ̫³ˣûۣɺɺѿڶҧָţʵҾúܺáҴûܹĿ֡һ۽ǡüȫɺɺ仰ϲĻȣأһɺɺӡɺɺһ㡭˫ֽסһͷٹ˼ǰǵ˫һŵܽӴ˰ɣϴ衣һɺɺ߽ԡңڵԡҿռܴ󣬻иܴܿ˫ԡסŷˮʱһɺɺױǰױ̨ϣȻٴα
ΪǰļȻ飬ɺɺ׵ĶɬıһĲԼʪ˫۵ⲻʱһĿУһؾһڱ˴˵Ŀǻ׷Ϸ
ƺֹɺɺ۵СһʱУֱӻױпԡ׵ˮˣһذƵɺɺĶߣĹ˿Ȼ˵ȥԡҪӾɺɺۣ߲ʤĺһһۣȴû˵һ˵˿ԡסǲԡڣˮнӴֺܴ̼ĿУɺɺ鷿ˮе̺ͷˮ֣͸ζˮһԿɺɺȼǷʢëˮݰƯˮףƺʾʢ
һִˮɺɺ̵壬ָɺɺͷ󶯣ɺɺ͵͵ţˮڵĿռԵ㱣ۻСȴĿȷһĿ䣬ḧŪһҡ
ԡǽϵļյƽˮȾͷ׵ɫʣɻ治֪εص΢þռ䶼ܰաˮУĴƺرУɺɺĸһоǰδеĴ̼ˮ̧ͷĹͷȻˮ档
ҲŮ˾һռ壬ͿǰΪΪ˼ɡֻɺɺЦסһ㻹ʹɺɺϷʵָһĹͷѹˮ棬Ȼһ֣ͷֵˮ棬Ƶˮζš
һʱǣҲһɺɺɺɺ΢΢͹СϷʢˮݣɺɺϿĸŪࡢò
ɺɺŤŶһϮţСȴץһšһʱ䣬ԡˮĽɫޱߡ죬ǲֹ֣ͣһָɺɺǰָմɺɺڵİҺ涼ʪˡһЦ˵ǲ㰡ɺɺߵñ۾죬˵㻵㻵ˣһһЦɺɺȷԼϣӱɺɺβһǰս
ɺɺʪ飬˳ˮƨһֱɺɺǰҺĵˮлָоˣĳ룬ɺɺ챻ŵŻԡ׵ˮӿ˽ȥֱһĹͷǻ
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ɺɺβʶӭһϾҵɫֻĴ۾ˮ˿
ʴǵĿɺɺסҧһļͷһеһĵʹ̲סһĸӿٵĹɺɺ壬׳߰ˮһδɺɺѨԡˮĽ
Ųʽһʱ䣬һòǺܾˣɺɺӣɺɺһСϣ˸Ůµơ¸оɶˡ




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һŪǰɺɺ΢΢´ķ飬ɵɺɺһһһ䣬ںĦĿСҪǿɺɺһԺɵĸһδɺɺĴ̼ͷصײɺɺǻ̲סһĴϢ
ɺɺ۾ϾһĴ飬ַԡ׵ߣüҧǲ̼Ľ̬һ̹ɺɺɺɺëˮݰ㣬һˮ沨Ưһڿнߣԡˮɽһлɾ
̼ǿҵĴ̼ɺɺҲر˷ر飬ǻڵһǿһĶҡɺɺ̰˱£ͬʱ˸߳ɺɺ޹ǵſһϣһľγ˺ܾã·Ҫеľȫһ㡣
ˮ˺һֱԡˮʼ䣬ǲʽԡһëһЩԡͷˮϸĭɺɺϴ衣ǲǱȵһθһġԴֵɺɺоĻڸղһ԰û˵ֻʶĵ˵ͷһɺɺϴŸվ԰ϴ壬ɺɺȫɵһϴԡ³лᱡ
ϴ裬һɺɺص䣬ĴϣɺɺļˣԹһ˿ɫһ˵ĺܰΪˣһȻʮֵģһһѹɺɺ壬һϡϡԡͰ϶Ϊһɺɺ׷߳սһѾǲԼνҺɺɺɧѨУȵĻƣǽθļж׵˾⡣
ɺɺţһܵһ޸ɺɺϣһᵽʲô˵Ŀ֣жٸȻǰˡ
ڶһ磬һ˰칫Ȼһϵڣһ磬һȴþٱճ˵˾ĴսӦ۵úܵģһȴûָоԼŮ˵ڵԽ࣬ԼľҲԽˡ
Щ˽˵ĵԼĲƷЩ˽ӪƷԼƷ˽ϢԼƷһȴŮ˵ԼƷŮսԽ࣬ԼҲԽˣҲŮڳһԼĸоԺ󣬱㲻Ծĳ鰮֮жԲԭɡ
˼ȪӿϰʱһѾĩд򳤵Ĳˣ߳칫ҵʱɺɺýţһʱɺɺһŵָƵɵ΢΢һ죬Ȼһķ
ϵģɺɺıͻָͬһģһкϣҲһ˿һ˭Ҳ벻ٸϣĶһͶͱ˺ӳǽľ
򳤰칫˼ʲôһԺ򳤽ӹһݹĲϣһ߿һĵͷһվվڰ칫ߣ
ʮԺ򳤿˲ϣûжԲϵ޸κεȴָŰ칫һСѽЩҲ˵ˣȻҵʱ䲻Ϊ˶ϸɣҲ൱㿴ԸⲻԸѽôһ˵һвɵ΢΢һ򳤸Լ˵Ļ򳤸ɾָտɴˡ
һȴߣ˵ʵţҪμӹһĻǣʱҲȥѡɽˣһ椼ƻո𲽣ˣǲ̫ô
뵽һ򳤣һѧٵĶҲú죬ǣһڻһʱ䣬ˣٵ߹֪һЩ滹ҪŬˡһĻȻھܾ򳤵ĺˣ򳤵˵ͷС뷨ҿûȫ˼֪ˣ뵱꣬ҲǴӻɳģڻȻһ㣬ȴѧˣŰɣʲô⣬Ҿˡ
һ˵ͷ˵һЩ׵Ļ˵Ժһ׼Ǹոߵſڵʱȴסһתȴ￴Լһֹӡ
һ֪лҪԼ˵ԥӦòӦ˵һתԺ󣬾վ˺һ򳤲ŷ·¶˾һĶһһм˽£Ҫһ¡һ˵ͷ߻˰칫ǰһһӵģҵ⼸ܾ͵ˣҾҪ֯ˣһȥҰٺˣٽɩӺýӹȥʱûиˣҪչһ£㿴ôȻһѵݸ˵⻰ģ㲻Ҫ򳤵֣ĻҲҪǿһϿҵĿԼӣһֵüҪЦصɽԺһҲûмܺĺǮˣһһֱΪ¶ղء
ҪԼȥչܺĺǮãǲǰ˸ԼһӽܺĺǮõôɣԺԼܺǮһɽ˭ҷŸƨѽ
ԣһԥĴӦ򳤿һӦԼһ˿ӣСлл㣬Ҿûʲô֮ˣúøɣȵʱˣҾͻὫҵСЦˣЩɣȻҵʱ䲻ȴõ÷ǳ˳֣ˣ˵Щˣæȥɡ߳򳤰칫ҵʱһеĸжĩȫˣ򳤵֮УһȻ֪ʵǺܿԼģ뵽˼ôԼԼȴ˼ŵ⣬һвɵĸоһ⡣
뵽ܺĵķ֣뵽ܺĸԼѹʱֵеӣһеľȴ࣬򳤣ԲˣôįįԺͻ㳴ܣҲǽĺ֮ǰɣһֻİοԼ
ϣһ־յļһҪϾҪϢ־գ⵹Ϊһ־յĻԺͳĸˣһ֮Ȼɸ˵Ŀĵġ
ǰϣһ־ʱϻֵŸˣȻһҲ־գоֹ֮ҲѾ֪飬һĵʵЩ㡣
һԽһ̽һ־վ֪ûУҺ츾棬Ҳ֪ھǼԺ󣬶Լһʲô̬ȡ
־յļԺ־շ˶ڣһ˵ϢԺ־ȻǴΪˣȻ˵Ĳ򳤸򳤸ҲֲˣҪλԸҲĩʵ֣ڸҲԵЩˡ
־֮ԻˣΪһϢһʱ֪ͨԼһ־ոоһѾԼˣ뵽һλãʹԼõϢ;ֶһһԼںͱ˾ʱֻ༸ʤİգ־ôܲء
һһһ֮¾ֺյ־һߴһֱɳԼ־츾꣬Ҫ̬ȱ仯֮У츾ǼĿ
ǺܿһʧˣΪһߣʱʱĲ죬ɷȥ£һŵָƵȴʼûʲô仯ʱһ˫ˮĴ۾Ҳ䵽һϣĿ֮ȴֻһ˶Կ˵òԵʺ򣬲û˿ıĽ档
־յļһЦˣŮȻ֪ŮԵ΢ģĺԼôԼǰͲӦֱˣڵı֣ʹһ뵽ֿܡ
һֿܾǣȻѾʧԼȻ˼ŪǷ꣬ԼɷĹؼʱȥһǻԼɷķչΪģһµӣϣĽˡ
ڶֿܾ츾쾭ԼԺԼĸолźԼǰԵǵԼɷ棬Ȼǲñ¶ʲôģһҲֻɷǰһµˡֿһ֣һ֪ԼƾԼƲ⣬ٴεܵ츾˳ϵˣ뵽Щһôܲ¶Цء
ΣһĵȴһʱһԺ굥ദĻᣬֻҪһһҪƾԼֶΣٴεĶչһιƣٴ츾ˡ
첻ˣһŵ죬ͻȻĽٵˣ죬һΪһݲϣ°˼ӣҪȥԷһո߳칫ңһŲ̧ͷһһĲɵĿԭԼ˼ҹ츾ꡣ




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һ꣬ȻҲǿһģڿһԺ΢΢ͣһ£һ˹
ɩӣôѽһһֱģ츾츾ɢĵĳ츾е㣬һŵָƵһЩ嶯
Сѽ˳ԷʱˣǼҲûлؼң绰ҲûӣԹ칫ҵŵģôѽؼҳԷҲ˵һһЩȵĿ⣬һŵָƵԽĲȻһ߻شһĻһ߲ͣĴ궯ŷС֣ʮֵĽŲ
Ŷѽ򳤳ȥˣһͻˡһ츾Ųӣа֣ȴһĵŶѽҾͲˡ츾ҺһĿӣһĻԺͬ˾Сһģһ仰תҪߡ
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ˣյţôַҲָоľҵֻϣһַһֹͣ
Ȼһûһֹͣļ󡣿вͣ´о岻ĿʼҺĵͷ
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ſ棬ϲɵˮһȹӱţһ˫ֽڿ³˫ļڿѵǣǱһ
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һǸħ˫ֽȻͷһȥһȥĻ潥ȼꡣ
İҺһҺȫ̽˶İҺʲôҺһ㡣
̼ĸй٣ĸоӾҵĳԺţȻѾˣ£ΪβúһأֻҪ¡뵽ϵؽβ̣Էһͷ»ġؽ˫ȷ˿
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ҡˡʹʱĺҲʧȥã֪Ҫ߳ı֡
ͻȻһָŴɵĻͬʱָʱ˷ܶͻסͣš
ĺҪֹͣ޴ĿԴԴϵӿﲻؾء
̱ϡʱ߳ϻδʧȴϤϤ¡Ķ͵һѽ
һҪʲôѵҪѽ겻ôˣԺôϹأ꼱ÿҪ˳Ҫƫƫȴһ㾢Ҳʹ
ɩӣ𣿺ٺ٣иںأһЦøࡣһִ˹ǿŽ巭˹Ǳϵӡ
֧ϰõҪСϹˣҡģͷŹҰɣȻһᱨġ




066¡칫ңǿ

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찡Ҫ£ܳܵžӵĻɫһǲ԰׵ġʱоԼһֻ뻢ڵСӣķš
һЦŽȷֿһα¶ǰ겻ɵľһæס˫ȣһվм䣬ϲס
һЦվţȤĿı֣ͻȻ˵ɩӣҪɣģӮˣҾͽߣˣ͹ԹԵҸһ£ôѡɡҧĺأڲһɶɫ껹ǼæĵͷֻҪʱʲôܴӦ
ЦŲæָڵİɡ㣬ﲻҪˮӮˣ֮ˡʲôˣôܿƵǸôУһꡣУһɡ
ףΪʲôУ˵ԭšΪ򡭡Ϊʵ˵Ϊʲô˵ԭ˵ҪһӺˣͷСصΪһҾ̲סˮˡһĴЦáãǾٻһֶķɣŵؿһ룬ͻȻҵиƽĶķ㿴ӲģֻҪڰСʱڲʲô취﷢Ӯˣ㿴ô궢Ǹֺϣ˵Ķҧҧ¾ģðɣһֿʼɫĿ꣬Ȱͷϲͷӡͷŵͷҡҡͷ˳һ𣿡ʱһֻ꣬ûˮˡֵµĿӽ⿪һ£뵽ҪĲλˣҲںزˣֻҪʲôСǣŮʽĿӻгµĿһſŽ⿪¶ɫƻ
鷿ȽϷҲȽͦƽʱѡʱǱȽͱȽϱϣ⸱־ͷǳıټƻģԿ鷿Ĵӡ͵͵׼Ϲģ׼ϹڣȻɫǡ뵽⣬Ĳɵһ󱯰
ֵȥֵĿӣǿһɫͻȻһ󲻰ĸоС˵㻰ɩӣƭȻղͷŽȥˡѽںûҪƭ꣬꿴һǱߵһ˿ЦܾﲻԣˣˣһҪ
һɣֵĿӽ⿪ˣǰ鷿˳˳ְַϣͷСһˡʱµĿȫ򿪣¶زȱȷֿȹҲ˸ϣ¶룬Ϲ֪ڱǰôأǰϹŭͱ˵
ϹԭꡣĬĬ߶šۣƯѽͷǷۺɫģɩӣû뵽һ˰ǺǣһĻ˼·ǰϣʣµľͿˡ˿ϵıڿʼʱˣ꼱æվϡһϵëö࣬Ūģǿţ׼סû뵽һ̧ꡰһʧȥģȻǰһ㣬˫־§Ĳϡ
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̫СˣֻǿסĴ벿֣šﲻɰİϹȽϹĳҪСţҪִĶ࣬Ӳ̣뵽岻һĴøӵĽգĵطԵʱʪġ
겻˼͵͵һһֻۣһ۾ûп꣬ǺɡһӦðСʱɡ
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ˣͦԼʼµĻĹͷĸĦš
ŹȻһˬðѸո۾ֱסˡͻȻ뵽ԺԸϹԣ뵽Ϲûôִиòϣһʧ
ܵ˹һ㣬궯ķҲĴһĺԼĿȴǿûм£ˮһĴŪʪˡɴְϵİҺȵĨ˰Һ󻬣ֺʡĶš
ʱıǼ޽Ƕ۳˺һƬ̺죬һȴһҪ侫ļ󣬷ԽԽ׳ˣôѽ
ʱһ۾¶Ц顣һֻ뿪ȴס鷿һֻ΢΢ϰ§壬Ķϡ
ѹ档šҪʲôоˮ˿ڵĺˮһ˳һһָͷһĶһֻֻ걳ͣĻԲȦضڰѽѽҼŮˣҲҼˮŮˣ֪𣿡Ȼ⼸黰ͣŮԵĶ⼸򵥵黰Ըûз˵ֱġ
еļشͬʱϮ˵㡭ſҡҡҪ㡭䡭ءԭһͻȻϡ죬ͷǣͷͻȻһۣһ£ء̲סſ죬˻ͷ˽
ͷסͷ걻ĺǲһͳǵУʱס⣬ת⻹һеһôȫĵͶ뵽һǵС
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һֶЦָµ㿴ͷһϣҲԭİҺһĴȴȫŪʪˣҾһƨµĴë棬ҲŪ˺ôһʪӡӡ
ɩѽϹһһܺΰѽһΰɡʲôô˶ܣһܲΣϧѽϧҪңһÿҪΣǺǣǰֻΪæǡ꽿ߵΪϹ绤ʱһ̧֣˿ʱ仹ˣҿԺúõĸˣ꽹صҪСӣһģղֲûԹӣôҳֿʼۿתô죬ĲʧɫȻղŴҪϹǿҺüĿУȻ˽ĸֶѸǣǸ꣬ϹˣӦϹһеġ




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ҵиȫĺð취Խ⡣ʲôѽһּæʵţҪ֪еĵطһַ޴Ĺͷϵ
ţǵġͷϹ˵ҿٶӣȻֻѹͷֲ棬¶Ĳֿ˫ָҶ΢ζһ£ҿ϶ܿġʲôôԣ⻹ǺͲȥһ
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һ£ǺðɣǡҺ¡̫ˣ¡һЦŵ£Ȼϲأ룬ŮʱǿŮ˵Ǿкǿģʲôأɡ껹ǽŵҪȴ˿û뵽һѹͷŽȥԺԼô졣ʱһѾվæ˫§סĲӣ˫ҲסƨɿӣղŵƲ㣬ȻվŲһֻ§סҵĲӣһֶֻҵһֱΪֹ֪ʱ͸ʮӺˣôǽɬĵ˵ͷ뵽Լᱻеĵڶ˲ڣȻֻǸͷôľ޴뵽ﾹȻһ˿˷ܸС
ֻת뵽ϹֳصУû뵽ȴ̼꣬ʹ걾ͳʪѵøӵǼ
ҿЬȹӻ˵ĺáһĵƬ̺˫ŵЬӱѵһߣ¶ֻѩϸСšֻЦֵȹԼѻǿŴӽŲĸоСȹӾͲҪ˰ɡãǾĲˣҪȹһ㣬ɡֻõͷȹõϣ¶˳һˣ˫§סҪˣ걯ر۾§סĲӡ
оһȣ޴ĶϡһһǸͷˣûмŽصĻš
ھҵţźͲ񣬻ɬʹֲ࣬ͬĸһӿͷʱȴ־෴˸İҺֵܹǸڵˡ
ҪˡšоһٻסڣĲ˽Ҫ̫ˡС󡭡㡭ˡǰʱ·ҪѣҽĲֻȶӲָо겻֪ҪôݲźãһĿҪϢеµĸооͬʱú͵ĸܡʵ޷ָоһ̫ͣˡ
һͣ괭˿ͻȻֽ˳ȥոеʱֶ˽ûͣ˳ȥֶ˽ֻÿζҪǰθһЩ
ͣҡСͣѽԴԴϵϮ꣬˫Ȳɵķֵøʶĳš
ڣоҪֲ֧סʱһͣĽţȴͻȻ뵽ûеôʹɵ
ǣţָоԼý˿֪ܵؽסͣ䶯šҡһѾ뵽֮һĵطѵҪŵԣȫ
꼱æҵ¿˿ã׳ֻȥһͷѡҲʵִ̫ˣֻһͷҲռô࣬ҪȫĻ²˲Ź֡
ǡЦһ뵽ôһֺȫزʲôֱأֻղû뵽һ㣬Ѿˡô찡һ޴ŮˣôԼϹأı鱻һһ˿©ĿˣЦ˶ڸΪҷˡħʱ޲ýǶ۶ιͻˣǣˣ껹ʲô취أֻýʹȥˣûȫȥҲԵϹ˰ɡ
ĿȻͶڣεغһһۣĲջ֣ס¶׶
һҪûлˡޣˣղ˵ҪĶ֣ܳ
ѽѽϹˣֻϺԽûʲôĶǣĻȻǾ͸ӵáˣֻˡ
ǣҪζԼʱŷ֣˿˫ȴſţβϣûнĵطΪЩĶڵһЩ
һľ̬ĵɩѽôѽ˵꣬ȥȻ󡰹һֲ˽СûѽղŲʱ淢ˮߺ꽿ߵصǡԼɡǺǣðȻ˵ˣҾ͹ֻɲҪϣ˵꣬ѾȲĻҲ̲ס˰ɡ
ʱ޴Ĵ̼İҺȪһӿˣôˮôأˡ
󡢹󡢹󡭡ˮ಻ϵĴСߡšϸŴ洫ÿһ˿УﲻܿƵһţһֱûǰһ֡
½ģ˫ֻǽ§סһĲӣȫĵͶ뵽ⳡ˿ֶַݵϷ֮ȥɩӣ𣿡šԺӶ𣿡š󡢹󡢹󡭡ġáมáҲֽȣԼأޡһֲٵˡ̧ɡ˳ӵ̧ȣϡ
һȷļϡʱûʶΣռ١Ժ֮Уо˵ڴϰѹϣȱǿȵѹԼ࣬һVΡ
šôˡ䡭𡭡ûУءֻ洫һһĴֲ˽ĻĴĲ˫ÿĽֺһ
﷢ڿ޵ءҪС㡭ôȫŽˡϵľ޴漱סһִ󡢼ӲĻҲһ˱һ˱סһ޴Ĺͷ
ءһ˲䣬·Ʈͬʱ￪ʼΣһܿƵһĹͷϡϣ̼ڣϡ
ԼԼһ˵ʱ䵽ˣҵ˶ã־ָһеıߡίһ·й̲ס
ôãջʧɫˡϹѽô㡣ҪˣСˣ۾ô죿һ˿ġһİο
ѽ۾һôˡ۾Ŀһ޺޵صɫǣһŹġǵׯ˵Щʱ廹һ֧޴
һΪȻص٣ղʱô˵Щ㿴㣬»ˮҸղŲһˡһ죬ղŸ߳ʱ֪ʲô򡢻ǰҺҲ㲻ϻǵһγ
ŵص˰ɣ߰ɡУҵ»أϾͷߡȻоţԽĴ׳߳չôرͷӲӣϵÿһоˡЩѪڲ׽͵Ĵ֮С




068¡칫ңǿ

ղǼᶨľֿʼҡˣѾʧɫǣҲںôһˡ뵽ղζֿʼȴ֪ʱ꣬ıԼϹ
겻ҿһ۾ͷֻԼõǺðɡһ㣬Ҫñ֪ǵ¡һϲû⣬ҵ˶СĸΡ̼䣬ˮִ˳޴󡢴׳Ӳʼڸٵس鶯ҧ촽Լڱһ˲żº̲סгӦǿ޽Ϊֿʵ̫ǿˣҲҪϢȥ
ء塭ҡˡһһСѹԣʹβͦͲøÿζڣȻصزʱ껹оĴƨϣͷ򶥽ӹڲ
ءġˡҡɡءءءСҡ桭ġܡˡءġˡҡɡءءءСҡ桭ġܡˡء󡢹󡢹󡢹󡭡žžžž칫ﶼˮһȵײء衭衭ѽܲˣҲ˳һʵ̫ˡʱԺѾûʱĸҲ֪˶ãҲ֪Լﵽ˶ٴθ߳˶ˮ
Си磡ء硭硭кϹءҪҡҪˡһӴĶÿһ¶Ļ
УСҲҲ㣡ءġˡҡҡСֹͣѽءáϡŹԣٶмááϡáġءʱҲ˵ˣһûзŹ꣬˷ܵĳֵҪʹ༫˵һξ
СˣСӣƽʱȻװôװˣôô㡭ҡûСءءһͻȻٵشӡҰȼнҡҪˣԺͻȻŤӣҪΣڣ꼱еصҪ䵽ѽһͻȻǴ࣬ס꣬Ӳͣĳ
ءء갧һǴʼһһйɵزоһȵҺ壬껨ĵ
Ҳ˲࣬ͷ죬岻ɵһĻҲرƵһһŮˡ
ãһγѾʼе㷢ĬĬֲڿ׽ϴáһۺµȫӣȻֺƵİùЬɩӡûСǴ˿һƵеһĶġվڵϣʹȹϵƳƽֻǣȹӵĺʪһ졣ղŻƵľٶֺˡ
룬ͷһ˵СҾ͵ûзֻԺҪٸҡĻᱨ˵꣬ͷҲص߳һİ칫ҡֻǣȴûпһǱ¶ЦݣһԼľ
츾·Ķӵӣһϲɵ¶˻Цݣո츾ȻԼܻӭϵı仯ȴһһ֪Լ̵ʱȻŲҪȴʮֵܵġ
츾ϵܣְĵ£ϲҪӭϵı֣Ȼìܣһȴ֪Ȼһٵķһ죬Լ츾µȫĵͶ뵽Լ鰮ȥġ
ìһڼƻţһΣܺһĻԼһҪ츾̼һ㣬ǻ֮ļȫĸ
һıԼƻʱȴһŲɺɺӰſ˳ɺɺԺһæ˻ЦֹŹֵıȴɺɺ
Сʲôѽ㿴ģˣոҽʱ򣬿־յҲǺĳȥģôѽףʲôζôôŹ֡ɺɺһԺ󣬾ͬһʳô⣬ɿűŰ칫ﻹûɢȥĿвŵԼʱµϢһһ֪Ҫˡ
һһ֮£æǰһ§סɺɺҲЦŵ㣬ôŹѽոźһµ龰أˣҾͲˣֱӸɰɡɺɺоһѾץԼһԷ˵Եķ֮ϣһʱûոеĻҲ׵һߡ
УУǰ칫ңġɺɺɺɺѶоõԼôһȻҲ֪ɺɺˣصɺɺķץһѣɺɺһһĵһĻһýһߣ칫ҵһֹ
ԴɺɺһκһϵԺ͵еش̼ĸоһǰδе԰߳ɺɺĶֿܣìܵ尾ɺɺᶨ־
һһִδйʸкУɺɺһϧôʹ࣬ƺؿһٴδֱļһϡԡ۷塣
ڣƽʱġʱ˴İ칫ң߳ܵķʽǿбڻ飬Ƶһɷ˻ƾظŪݴ̼ɺɺ岻ؿʼճҺ壬ɺɺʶһ㣬øѵɺɺŵֱ½ӣߵҡͷ˵ǲܡɺɺҡͷ֪ھܾһھܾķӳ
һɺɺС죬ɺɺظֺݺ˼ѣ˵ˣ㣬˭ô˲أſѣܺһһĿְɣһĿк͸߳ˣɺɺһһ󸧵ģ￹ܵľѾˣֱһ⼸¶Ūøߴģһ֪ķɧٸѾˣȴһһɺɺţһɺɺ߼˵ŷ黰㣬֪жˣˣӦþ鷿ôۣôôƯˣɣΪʲôƯʱ򲻶һЩõһЩĿأɺɺһĻ̼Ľģ˫ӹһĨκ죬ЩĿĻһδһϹһ˷ɬ˷ʹɺɺоѡ
һ䱾һֻ̽ɺɺȥɺɺ¡壬һߵЦôеʪŶһսɺɺĶ䣬˵ҵеôǺѽɺɺߵ͵˫סԼ̵գһȴִֿɺɺ֣ɺɺ͵Ť§סһĲӣȥһ죬ߵѽ㡭˵ˣˣɺɺڳ׷ʶϣʼѣΪһ׷Ůˡһɺɺһǣ˱ɺɺ㻬СͷɺɺšһһɣȻͽһĲӣغһȫͶػ
ǳ˺þãһƿͷ˿ɺɺ㴽֡࣡һڣЦ˵û뵽ǵı¿治Сûءɺɺģߴشͷ
һɺɺӣҪɺɺ·ɺɺŵס˵㣬ײҿûˡǻطôôһָָѾ߸֧˵㿴˭ĥѽĥģڶôˣô죿ɺɺһǴִ̲סһЦæ˵ҡ졭㡭òãԣһͷɵһϲæ¿ӣɺɺûȵſӶɺɺСЦ˵Ҫҵ㡭𣿡ɺɺͰ͵˵ǡǡôأһ˵Ҫ˷֣͸ϽѿˣſϣַӣҾŪίίҵı´һǹ㣬Ǻúôһɺɺͺһ˫ƨ˵㡭㻹ҪӺϴβôֱ˼ҡ˼ҺߣһЦɺɺķһǣ˵ұֻ֤СɧѨĵطƨɾ




069¡칫ңսɺɺһ

ɺɺ޿κΣҲµˣͬǶֻúߴӵߵ칫ԣװۡԲԲķΣ׼ӭһĽ롣
˻ɺɺһĶתͷȴһŴ˫̰ǰ͹̵ˣͦŸΡΡĴȴɺɺ̲סҡһƨɣ㡭㣬ˡһùͷһᣬæ첽߹ȥַŴִɺɺηɺɺϵذβͦͦСִӿһĴ׼ԼСѨϬһһɺɺסһ˫ָæϣһ˫۰ֱֱͦģŷ÷ӭһĹ
һֻһͷһܡʪڣһͬһβͬǣɺɺһģһ˵ϾһУɺɺİ칫Ѷ飬ɺɺȵġ΢΢ؾţһĸоá
һһ߽ܵعɺɺѨһ߰˫ִɺɺĳȥŪɺɺǰ͵鷿ƣʹɺɺһ԰ۼͦ鷿׹ţֳĸоɺɺƨɻġģһȵһȥʴꡣ
ڲվƣΪ֧Լ壬ɺɺ˫ȲĲֻһǸ̽ùѨĴһĦƺϴθǿˣ޼ɵСѨֱײسӹĳ̣ƺܰƨҲǿĳϧĳ壬ϹȻͬɣʹɺɺĴ󶯣ɺɺڹɶв׷Ԩ
һɺɺܻȵţҲɺɺĸлһֱ˫ְɺɺϣſ±͵ҡβѵٸɺɺĿӱһʵСȲ߸ѩ׵Ĺŵƨɺʹȣںڵ㷢ɢסɺɺ̣ľϺˮմʪ˼ͷԸеٸ˿ֻԲƨɿֵ׷ͳһĳ̡
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һ˵ǿ˵ɷ򣬸˷ܣһҲҲֻ̫ͣ˷ʹһ͵øֱָɺɺǽССѨŵһ˿϶һץɺɺ⣬еԵĽʵⱻһ˫ֽץһذγһȻһһɺɺǻԲġ
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һֻɺɺȻƺ޹ǣɺɺǻȵ۴͵سøˣعסһȫֻ࣬ǽ֮ýģʹһƨһͦżӲĴûûһͱȻһ£ɴɵĹ̾ҺˡɺɺˮѨ
һ˲䣬ڰջŵɺɺȻţ𡭱䡭桭ΣڣҪһѾƣסɺɺ壬һɺɺڵϣţβʹȼҵҺһŪٸɺɺڵذϣشŴ
һϳ˼ֽɺɺҵ塣ɺɺһѴһ֣߰뽿㣬˼һͿΣڣһ˾ֻԼˬ̣Ůˡһ¿߿Ц˵ҧʶġ˾֣³ɺɺһһۣ˵ȥ˱˻ԡһʰɺɺڵϵֽţһڱǰװ£˵š㰡ǵĻѧƷζ治ʱǺȻ⴫ͬ˵ɺɺæ¿㣬Ŵ򿪣һϽֽȫȻװµӣͬǴ˸кװģĹ
ĩֵһֵ࣬һĵֵҿԼղصЩĺɫƬԽҪɺɺ绰ԼܻܰʱͻȻߵߵţһæ˻ʣ˭һεεңһһϲóɺɺǽĵһæȥţֻɺɺЦվſڣʩ죬ĴǼɫĸһɫĸȹ
һ˫ǳɫİƤѥĳһĻĴ۾鵴Ĵ棬ͦ鷿ѩ׵߸߶ɽ壬Բ¶͸ɫ˿Բ˫ȣˡ
ɺɺһ߽ĵһɫǣһ˶￴ʲôɫƬأһŤе˫ֵ߽ң޵ɺɺһʱ˻ôˣʱҲ٣УҴɫƬҪһһߵɺɺߣϸ֫ȹߣ˳Ź⻬Ĵɺɺȹڡ
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֪ΪһϹĹͣһɺɺͦε˫һһθʱԵøӱ׳˵鹵Ϊֵڶ·ףԼصĻƣǵֱţһԷۺɫͷ¶˳ǰɫʱһٵĳѪһĿ߸ߵɺɺǷ˫ϡ
һɵɿɺɺֵİۣɺɺһ԰۷鷿һµ˳ǰһѩ׵طͦеԣ嶥̵ͦķۺɫΣͷСӣһ㡣
һΪһɺɺԽԽˣ⻬޳񾱣֬壬Өϸ塢硢⻬ָƨɣԼڿεСң
һһɺɺʪ촽һ渧Ħɺɺؿڷ۰ϸļһɺɺĳأ֣ᰴȥֵһֻѾ޷ȫգʵָһ̲סŪɺɺ鷿




070¡칫ңսɺɺ

ôץ˼ϣɺɺ۵кʱһﻹɺɺһԹԵļɺɺأŪɺɺüԴʹоƽʱ̼ƺܼĶĿ
һ棬ȹӵȹɺɺ۵ĽűߣһеһǿҵӾ
ɺɺ촩һɫ˿֯ڿ㣬Ĺĵİġءһɺɺǿ㣬ɺɺ̹ı¶һǰҺ磬Ө⣬һһģӳŸĺ͵ë̫ˡ
ɺɺСƽ̹⻬мǶɰСɵĶۣԲ⻬Ĵȣ̵úƵİһ㣬ް覴áȵĸѩ׵Ĵм䣬һڵ۲ݳʵĸɺɺصġһСɽ泤ܵġ۵ķݡ
һָŪɺɺëǺĹ⻬ϸ壬˿һᣬɺɺӡһˣɺɺĽԼεƤĹ⻬ϸ壬һ̾Ϊֹһɺɺѩ׻ԲȷֵֿմŲϴӿʪܵˮƬʺʺһһϵţɺɺӣСһͬջһ̽ġ
һɺɺʪԴϸһȻָſɺɺƺеһǷʷ۵ɺɺоһšһеָʪˣɺɺˮ治ѽ
һʹļŪɺɺ٣ָȥɺɺءߡһһָϵɺɺЩͻСĦš
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æµţȻҲˣһһֻּɺɺ鲨ţоеѽһָᵯ͹ͷû뵽˻Σۣ̫ˬˣǾܰ
һһɺɺ֮ȥһ߿̾Ϊβֻأһһǰ׼ɺɺȫɳϣˮ溬Ҳ˵ֻشһоԼѾӲˣ˳ץסɺɺһ̽һĿ¡
һӲȵĶɺɺСЩҲһΪһЩ㣬ɺɺͦվһЦЦ˵رġž͹һǰĵϣȽ⿪һĿͳһѾǴȻסһŪ
龰һҲµ⡣СҺú÷񡣡һһĻɺɺȻͿһƤҪҧ
ɺɺһͷϵۣȻſӣСĺסһϺ췢ĴͷڿǻŪһĴͷһĹͷĹﻬʱ㴽˱ҧɺɺʼǰζͷŪһļ͡
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ۿҪһˣһ룺ɺɺôɧɲܾôһҪǣһסɺɺͷ˵ˣҪˡȥſӱϡƨɸ߸߾һô˵ɧ˵ɺɺæһſڰ칫ϣһ¶ԸеƬΣммѾʪһӺĿɺɺëзʺ澧Ө¶鼰ⶴมมˡ˼ҵȲˡŶɺɺ߿ؽšŮٻһõأǰ˵ľһ޷ͣһ̰ѴסɺɺխⶴȻһͦ˽ȥ̡һΪǰϷ֣һɺɺֱףͷֱӶסɺɺĻΪɧˣɺɺСѨůֻڵһýģˡ
ɺɺδСѨСֽ⼸ȱһ󣬽ͻȻһֳ˶ļͣɺɺоԲɺɺɧ͵ı飬̼һǣɺɺһͲ壬δεס
ɺɺŤͷ޵һһۣŶø硭İļôҲܲܵˡ͵һ嵽סްɺɺߡ˵ӸӴ̼һһݡһĴ۵ԴѨһ˫סɺɺ۵ķؾ긧ʹɺɺԭ˫Լͦ۵ͷҲһӲ綹
һٵǰڶβȴӲĴһһεײɺɺĻģʹɺɺ鲻Խ˫ץأһͷ㷢ҡͷĴƮҡɺɺһŤһĶһߴӴมø硭ˬˬááӴŶม١ٿһ㡭硭ҡˡһ硭ɵúˬðáҡҡ屬ҵСѨมมมมมһϵķɺɺˮĴӿɺɺѨԽԽ˳Сɧһ㰡һ㡭һɵˬ֪𡭡һһɺɺѩ׷˫Σһ߼ĳ壬ͬʱ̼ˡø硭ҡҡɱҵСѨðұɡúˬðԡĴ{͡ȫزҡɷҡððɺɺԽԽҲǰδе
һؼŪɺɺ۽խСѨʱɺɺѨڷʺҲһĶϵطţɺɺͷų˦
һʹظſһǰٸһɺɺǷۺѨнÿһ¶ɺɺΪøӷʺ÷˳ɺɺٵˮԡ͡ꡱ
һ̲סֱɺɺʹɺɺʪһƬƨɺһĿ貿ͣײţžžž
˼£ɺɺһǰͣشţܲˣ㣬ø磬ҲˡҪˡ죬졭Ըһɣø磬ҪˡมĹ°ɡšɺɺѩ׵һѨĽţɺɺɵŤķӭһĳײ˽ţѽĴͷ˼ҵĻˡŶʹӴҪˡมɺɺԴһ̵ˮֱһеͷˮһ̣͸̼һԭʼҲǳһʼͲݳĴֱʽòͬʽŪѾйɺɺ
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071¡칫ңսɺɺ

ɺɺеһĲѨ޵ĿУƮƮɵĸоʹɺɺɺɺѴŤҡʱĽдมมġˡø硭ˡߡߡҿҪˡҲˡӴ֡ҪˡɺɺһŪͶȫһСѨ⾷ţϵ˱һĴͷͻȻˮִɺɺӿйһĹͷ޵泩һеһǲɺɺѨĴμŵ㳦е޵
һץסɺɺ˫֣ǷڱȻǰͦһɺɺϰڿУ°һӺ治ϵعҺˬҵСѨɡúˬҺˬҪˡɺɺĽԽԽˡ
ָɺɺº󣬴ɺɺѨﴫһƲסҪ侫ˣһеҡɡҡɧǺǡҿˡˡ硭䡭䡭ûûءϵȥõɧѨɺɺƺܲһļǿϮ㣬ǿҵĲһͷƤһ飬þҺŵӵһײɺɺڡ
ɺɺٴαһȵŨ̵ø߳СѨؾţѹһĴ·ҪեɡһſɺɺϣɺɺҲѰҲŲס˵أ顱һſһҲֻǼĴ
һһŷһĹͷɺɺƳڰţǣһϣɺɺ˵ɾ񳱲԰εɺɺ˦ͷſһĹͷһմľҺˮһɶһҲɺɺץסɺɺӲͦĴ鷿һһļͰָֻ˻ɺɺڼٵǣɺɺӣСŵġ
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һţ˫סԼʵӲͦ׼һɺɺⶴ΢΢ֱɺɺڣ󡱵һˮʪһֱִûɺɺⶴײมôôมͱһมɺɺѨһִſȵ⽫һܵİΧţͬʱ·һһԴĸ
һ˫סɺɺѾӲ˫Ť壬ɳϵɺɺͦǹ⻬ѩ׵ķһ
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ɺɺһЪ˹ţ̺죬ɺɺѾһüҪȥˣˮֱðԴҲҡΡͦߣһĳ壬һС裬нġžž
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Ȼһס󼦰¶׼ɺɺСѨз͵һ嵽ףٴκݺݵؽɺɺֱӹȻǰ͡
һһεĶʹɺɺŲĹǡ죬ɧѨһһ߳ţһ߸ӷͻ̡Ͳͳ飬ġϺƳʽֻͦɺɺﲻֹมมô̼มŶˡ˰һܵɺɺҵĽ糱ѹùͷ飬һһˬɺɺͷʹˬĸоɺɺ壬ٶȴӻˮมء˰มɺɺһߵţø硭һ㡭õСѨมáѽѽˬˡͣţɧѨʵڡšܲխֽůʪ󻬡ม˳ѽһ߲޵ø硭кá㡭СѨҪ㡭ˡมҪôѽšɺɺԽ˵ĴдļͺôѽͲҵСġˬѽมĶš治ͨĽ㡭ܾûϹ١มѨ˰ɡรɺɺУһĴ󼦰͸ͳšһɺɺȵѨﷴ壬۾ͶԼɺɺСһӽȥһӳɺɺ۶ͷԽԽȣðˮҲԽԽ࣬ҺҺһ㾧͸ɺɺĸγһ㣬ƷһĤһ㡣һ죬ɺɺĺһγؼѽס硭Ұɡʵ̫ˡʵܲˡʵ̫ˬˡҹˡ㡭ġҡˡӴһͣسͣɺɺڵһѶľͷһеԼ˶Ĺͷѵɺɺӹϡһܼٵĳͷһһµײɺɺӹڹɺɺӹڡ
һһӾͽͷɺɺӹڣɺɺһòϷ˺ߺߣҲӭһĳ͡ʱһеɺɺӹҲһĹͷ䶯ţһ֪һĴ̼ɺɺĸ߳ɺɺӹڳ
Ƭ֮󣬴ӹͷ𽥼һɺɺѽӽ԰ĵ߷壬ɺɺѾ޷͵סһѸ͹ƣһײһ͹һΣһӿӿӹڱһסһùͷţͬʱͦԴСһļȫûԲ޳ȣӱסһã㡭һ£ҿҪйˡһһ߸س鶯һ˵ɺɺ֪һҪﵽ߳ˣֻķƴͦŤӭһĳ̣ʹڹʹѨһһŵ˱Ŵ󼦰͡Ҫˡɺɺš




072¡칫սٸ

ҡҲҪйˡɺɺ͵һΣ˫Ƚػסһ̵ˮһйע
ǴһԺɺɺͬһһĵһĻþԺɺɺŴһĻվһߴ·ɺɺһߵһû뵽ģŹģߣʵ֮ôһѽɺɺͻȻԼ֮飬һвɵ΢΢һ̧ͷɺɺһ֣ɺɺЦӯӯĿԼΪı飬ʹٸʦһ仰ȴ֮εĻˡ
ɺɺƺûԼ˼ԼҪ̳һŵĸ˻Ҫɺɺİһһѣ£һ˵ͷɺɺǰԼȷʵһԺ󣬽ŵ㣬ô֪ġһԼɺɺЩЩСΪô㣬ڰ칫֮Ϣһž֪ʲôˣУңҽǸʱζζҸоһ˿ŮԵҺϢҲɺɺˡ˵ɺɺƺԼһһʱӣ뵽ɺɺһŵָƵɵ΢΢һ졣
ɺɺһ˵һҲһ𴺷һԺɺɺͽ칫ˣʱԼΪ˲ɺɺģɺɺϷйһΣһΪȽϼԻûüϴһԼϿ϶ζģ뵽һ㣬һƤٺҲǽסһ졣
ͻȻ䣬һʲôһģɺɺһŵָƵ㣬ȻǸʱʲôˣôǸʱ㲻˵ءɺɺûİһһۣһ㿴˵ģǸʱ㣬ô˵ԷȻŮ˵ζȴұ֤ζŮأҿǲûյ̵ģһʣǸʱҲ㣬ô¸ˣô˶Բԡһ˵ͷԺɺɺֽŵɣԺҺһʱòĴһһ˵֣һĲȻӣ֨֨Ĳ˵ԸƢôءɺɺһŵָƵ¶ĵı飬һ΢΢һ㣬ôɺɺ΢һһЦǵȻˣ㣬˭֪ҺĹϵõøһġɺɺӣһ㣬æ֪ôɺɺ˵ֻҪҰõġõɺɺĳŵһһģԼ꽻Ĺ̽˳Լжϡ
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죬ڼû£ĵĵʱɺɺĵ绰ͻȻ˽˵ҪӰ࣬һģԼ겻´ӦˣԼĵطԺ󣬱һɺɺİ칫˹ȥ
û뵽ǣɺɺ˰칫Ժ󣬾Ȼûȥ֣˰칫ϢоЩͷʱһ͵ĽۻɫСݶӳһŴһЩֵĶ
һһЦ˹Ҫ£СԹԡ껹ûзӦֻòһһĺ˩һȦѾĲϣȦһһϸϸӡСҪʲô
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ſ꼱ǰȥǲһԭȦϵ̫̣ʱѾͷˣҲ˳å㡭㲻úɩӣҪһֵˣ죬ǺɤҲġ㡭һʱ˵ֻ᲻ͣš
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ҪſҡɺɺһﱯšɩӵͷɫһѽǷۺɫģһԸУһС磬ɺɺһֻСɵ鷿ȫ¶˳ڿ΢΢šһַİɺɺ鷿ϣදɺɺ
ͻȻһͷɺɺһֻ鷿ƺһ˱һͷɺɺ鷿ȥҧɺɺͷ
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һֻסԼͷɺɺϲͣĦһĹͷմҺ塣ʱſʼͷɺɺﶥȥ
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ʱһĹͷѶȥһС롣ԶһִɺɺǵⷭǰСһ顣ٳɺɺСβĲ̡
ɺɺͷ΢죬΢˫ȴ󿪣ʱһεĹ̶ڴϡһͻȻһɺɺҽһϰͻȻ°͸߸ߵȫֻͷڴϡ󡭡󡭡Ŀһ޴ĹͷһӶɺɺ
ʱȣɵ챻һǿʱɵζ֪ɺɺĸоǲǺһһ˵ϡءɺɺ޽һʼģһһûɺɺڣûǰѾǵɺɺľͷ˰ɡ




073¡칫ңսٸ

ɺɺС˺ôһ飬һĳһһÿµ󡭡󡭡žžžžءءɺɺͣĿ޽š
һĴϷʪĹâմɺɺİҺÿһγ嶼һ룬ʱɺɺһǳɡ¡ǧ¡һ֪˶ã꿴һĽɺɺšɺɺ̱ڴϣҲ֪˶ٴεĸ߳
ڵϵ˫ȿʼ飬ȹµĵѾİҺҡҡСˡС󡭡󡭡㡭ġˡҡɡһĸӴͻȻͷһÿһ¶زɺɺĻȻӲһһ
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ǿĿһ۾һʱõǰֻʪģһɾҺζı
ĵ¡һһѽӵϳΪ̫ãһ飬һĻţ촩˿࣬ԸСһȼ䡣
ҪңšоһָĿ겻ɵһ
һֶһᣬƵСĿȥסָ̽
еĲλ١ĸŪҲѾôʪˣװʲôСһݺ˼£꿴ȻһһƬˮաֺĵ
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ʱͻȻһӲӲĶµιɣôһĴôӲˣҲƲסԼֻýͷһļϡ
һ˴ϣɩӣſɺɺϣΪʲôϸ룬˳ӵſ˹ȥ
ֻɺɺ͸ķۺɫʱһ˫ˮۿꡣһƬǼСմ˰ɫҺ壬ëճһһģɫŴʱſһӣǱһĴŵġ
꺦ߵЦһ¡ʱɺɺ£ֿȹɺɺ棬һһŮһ
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ѽҪҪţŲɵһСƤһǸ̬ôĵطҲŹָоĺֵֹֹ֣
һʼˮʱѾˡһ뿪ĸţһӲӲĶϡ
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㡭û˵꣬ϰɺɺ§Ļ鷿ѹһָо֣˲ͬоů
˼ɺɺСͷѾУ£һǸ޴ҲͻȻһȫĶ˽
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Ľֺͷ˷ܵһ̿Һͣӿ걻֮䣬һһεĸ߳ء·ҪϢǰһγ괭ϢšĸζŸ߳ĸо
µɺɺεĿ꣬ͻȻһſС졣оСһӲӲĶһ¡ԭһְɺɺ
žžžһÿһСҪײϡ󡭡ˮſɺɺϣɺɺ﷢΢겻ɺɺղŶĶ꽫찤ɺɺСϡ
ɺɺʶſ졣꽫ͷ̽Ե˽ȥɺɺСͻȻƵסͷ괫˹Ҳ˱ɺɺĿˮ
һֻҲɺɺ鷿ϣ鷿ָͦסͷת˼ȦɺɺĴϢִϷŪɺɺĿУͻȻһȡ޴ֲڣһ嵽ס
ſɺɺϡġˡҡɡ갧ţһû꣬ӴĲ嶯Ĵ󡭡󡭡žžһͣɺɺţﲻʱɺɺĽ֮Ĵܼˮǵһһεĸ߳
ⱲһԽѽİĵԽΪǱǿȵģҲ
һ˾Һоҵľһˮ˳ļⲻͣ䶯һֵ˹ȥ
ֻȥ֮ǰͻȻ뵽´Ρ´εĻһҪһѱ׸ϲС߳ϻûйȥ˹һɺɺм䣬§壬ǵȻͣš
꿿һһϵζͻȻеûƣĲ죬ǺȴһĴϣһھšɺɺһһҲû˵ʲôһ




074¡Ϣ䣬ս˫һ

ʱһֻһɺɺɲһٺ٣ַɣһЦסǵĸ첲ʾǽַϡ
꽫ͷһļ£סⲻͻȻӿһ嶯뽫һǸŤϣԺҪˡ
һڱģģյĺѹоɺɺҲ˹ֺƣһغϡ
˻һһͻȻתͷһǣɩӵֺٺ٣̾˿һŪ
һ˵ĸŪֻһһӲһѾǵˣһԹôôǿҲܲˣŪ·˲ɡ
ʱֻͻȻˡһšһ´İݸ꣬æ԰ͳֻһˣϹġô죿ôϹ˵ѽ
һɺɺꡣҧҧֻͨιϹѽţѽúõɣϢúõķһ£ϹҡϹ̲סԼڵӣھεĲˡͻȻоһ˫ַֿȣ̧һһͦŴվȼ䡣
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꣬ʲôʱˣôûϹЦŵŬȣܿ챻һֿѹԣһѹ˹꿴аЦݡ
ҵһصԣ겻ҷϹһħ㣬ηŹɣĿһ޼¡
ΪϲڼʱֻˡϹϹҵ绰ɣ겻ǰ衣һȣһӲĶϡ
Ŷ֪ˣţҲãпһú㡣ϹΪˣæꡣȵĸоͻȻǿһȻԺ
ҲǵϹԵʰɣоȻȸղŻҪǿҼǿţȻţôˣһĶȻһ¶ĻϣİҺһӿ˳СıֱֻŵĽָͷһ
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һͣ׳Ƿǳǿҵģھ滨УԼɱһҪǿĶࡣ
ʱǮпһһۣʱǱѱƴߺӵ糺ԭһ֪ʱˣڹģʱѾˣͦļͰѰɫıǿ㶥ϸߣ¶棬˶Ĺͷɼ
еһǮñƾ߶Ĵĸӵصˣ֪˿˿ˮһ˿̵עֻ棬һǹ۲˵ķӦһǼŪߵǮá
һ˿ϵˣֻ϶ѾƵ״̬κмѾˣ̱ϡһĵӸˣָֻ˳ŶֿıԵ죬ָֿǮ÷һָ̽ȥʱоָѾġ
һָǮ÷ŪǮûһ˵ĸо֣˵͸һǿҵĴ̼Ǯʵû뵽һڴڹ֮ͥŪԼִ̼Ǵûйġ
Ĵ̼һĴǮ鲻Խ̧ͷڴü΢롣ڴʱѾ޹ؽҪΪƵѾڸһС
һּˮִָܵ̽Ū⣬ˮԴԴӿëʪ͸Ţʳָʪ졣
ǮĿ˴̼ڣƾպſڴ΢¶±ڳ鴤ọ̈̄Ūȫ
ŪʮӣһڽָǮõڳ˳ֻճˮָ󣬹Ǯǰ˻ΣȻһָ̣ϵˮȫͿϣŵȼ̣ʼƷζˣ
ЩǹǮǰɣϴ̼Ǯøһ˵ĸоСһȽȥһһ͵͵ָָߵǼõ齫ңȻ΢սǮõĶ˵
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һʮķ䣬ǿǵ齫ҪЧĺãڷһųɳһźľ齫ĵƹ˵ʵڵطһ齫Ĳĵط˵һŮ͵齻ĺõط
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ʱǮñûл¶Ҫ̼һȻǮʱûѵһ·ڵװ̬ʵÿ˶ᶯġ
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ںƺֻһǮõϣԲƨɼ䣬˶ĹͷֿǮõĴСȻزŮС
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һĳ壬Ӹö֨ѽ֨ѽ죬ǮõУԼͺײžžγһԽЭ
һԼĵĽϴ󡰹̡̡Ȼһһˡɡ䰡ȫȥޡǮһߴţһ߷ɿؽѩ׷۵ƨǰ׶
ޡһڶסǮõ̵ľҺมǮõӹ̵ľҺһ̣סٴͬʱڵ⣬ضԼļ
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ŶޡǮÿʼ϶ˣãѽһһŪһ˵ͳ԰ɣޡǮҲʼػص
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촽˱ͷŪǮþԼһʮĸоָоǼͽźͲûеģȵĿٴηѹֺһ㡭ŶһǮñԼŪɧһֱ̬ĳɾ͸дʹŪͷڰ۵Ĵȼ䣬ͷӻʼ򣬾ҲĥǮõϡ
Ĵ̼Ǯȫ̡һ㡭ޡıˡҵ١ޡ˿̵ǮѾޱߵԿ֮УݵУֱɣȫѾȫһصƽǮȫˡ
һǮʮӣסһ𣬲ɵ뿪ʼ̬壺ֻϸƤôִļͳ壬Ƿ۵Ĵ޵СͷŪǿѪˮͣ˳Ž۵С²˰۵ƨɹСҪҪǮñŪһ󼦰ی¡




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ôֵġѽѽޡǮ˫ȹסһɸŷʰ׵ĴƨɣһĴ塣
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Ǯʮϵͦ˰۵ƨӭӼ͵ĵͬʱȥһסӲͦļͣôѽո껹ôӲǸöû˵꣬ǮýٴηֵĸеļһһĵļͺܿͲ˽ȥһһͦغĻǮʱذٴ̵һϡ
һǮõ巢̵ʱͻȻȴǮõͬѧǮã˵Ѿ극ˣҪȥĵˣڵǮء
һѾ˽ҪͷȻ˵Ĵ󺰴УǮȴͻȻһƿһٶ·Ժ߳齫ҡ
һû뵽֮ǮûĶƿԼۿǮѾԼƿԺѾ߳ȥһֻҡͷЦŽԼĻӲŵ˿棬Ǯõ˳
ЩͬѧѾǾӿûзһǮʲô˶Ժ󣬴һһҵ˹ȥ
һǲϲֳģǸոյûеõйһȴ뿪ǮãΪǮõĻ˵ҸὫոĩüййأ뵽һҲЩ˵
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￴ˣοһ츾зǷ֮룬һһвɵķ˼еĸоҪ߹ȥкһȴһߵҷߣ˺ҷƺЩȣһ˼ʧĸо
һһȻȥҷкˣһֻԼĵĿŵķйžǣֻĿʱʱĻҷǸˣҪ˾ȵʲô̶ȡ
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һ֮ӣĲµǸӦҪҷ󻶣ȴҷܾˣһһ֣֪ԼĻˣ£һվҷ˹ȥ
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ҷӦԼҪԼͲõҷûдӦԼ֮£ֶֻˣ뵽ҷ²ԼŪ龰ϵЦԽԽ
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ҩȻŸո߳ҷҡһæҷԼĳųӣԼ˹ȥſԺҷѾڳϻ˹ȥ
ҷҷһ״ϰѳֹˣĶغҷ˿һҲѾ˯ˣһʼֻ̬ҷͷɣ΢졢١Ϣȣȫһ鲪ɧ̬
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һǲΣʵ̫ˣ̫õĶһȴʮֵԥʱȥȥһŰ۵鷿ͽ۵ͷסʿˮ
ֱȹµķסһҷȹڣһ˫ԲĴһһͷ븾ҽϸ顣
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һӳ嶯ˣϰǿ㣬һŮ˵Լǽ۵ĴСʱĴԵĳ嶯ͦ
һڵشһǰһпߵ֪ڸʲô룬ٸƤǰ۰ķеԣһԽ۵Ĵ鷿ͦζԸУȷۣ۶ϸ塣
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뵽ͷ鹵ʼԼŮеζֻһһ§סϸһҷ¶صĵȹҸ£ִӲȥ
һס˺ܾõһѩױ鷿еҷ۵鷿еԣ鷿ͷ׳ͦͷƺСۡ




077¡ҩһ

ҷ˯жһ£۵ӵĺˣҲƺӵļ٣鷿ϴ£Ե̡
˿ҷһԱһ˶ʱĽ۴飬ʱһеסһ޻յһǣеԣ
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ޡมһûĽУ쵽Ĵȴһѽȹҷŵԭʣȹֻǰ汻ƨɺ汻סˣҲһһˡ
ֻȹ£һ˫ۡĴչ¶棬һۻȥ볶ǿ㣬ΪҷŵԵʣûܽǿ
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ڴҩԻµҷΣֻȴڲͣһָͦƺҪһָ
һҲоҷ뷨ڼеظҷЩëϸϸģ̼һʮֵŪһ󣬱ָ̽ʪڡ
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ѽ֬Ĵ鷿ˮһ㣬ǷۺۺСͷǰ΢΢ڴҩĴ̼ۺͷѾͦ
һ˫ָһ԰۵鷿еԣһסҷͷһ˱ҵ˱ҷ鷿Ӳĺɨ۴鷿⣬ڵʮ鷿Ū
ͬʱҧ۵ͷķ񡣾һŪҷ۵ͷŪøͦӽˣǺͮͮʪܵͷ͸ǿҵ
һ湻˽۵鷿עתҷֻһɫĶֿ㣬խСǿѾҧ֮ˣһԷ۵ؼסխСĲ
һһ£˫סǿ΢һҷʱһ˿ңֻĴȼģֿǷĴ˽ڡ
ҷƯҲԸУȻһܶ͹ؿʵﻹǵһΣֲļʹ˿̺͵ĳһٴԼһҪסǧй
һԼ̬󣬼ҷϵëʮïʢԴڣڴëȴ࣬һǳۺɫ΢΢ſһ̲סָһãҷȫһ𣬴ˮӿ
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һоҷĺָеҷٸһǿҵĽؼʳָ͸һů˸е
Ȼڻ˯еҷ˷ҲˣʼѪ⣬ʹٸԵýϽһδطֿҷ۵Ĵһһʺġ˼ҹⶴ
٣ôСⶴȻôļͣ˼һ˿̿ڵûȥרҵʱĳóһƼõһһָֿССĵؽҷֿĴ֮䣬ˮܿͽʪˣһס΢һ͵ֿ۵Сڡ
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һȵͣѾҷޡһسȻϴϴͷȫſڣһͷϴ̨ϵˮͷϣһ׼֮һˮͷҷˮһ壬ڻ˯һ﷢һ˭ҲޡŶܿʢµˮʹ·˳˳Ű۵ƨɹɳϣɳγһ̲ˮˮĻϴ˽ʮӣˮѾ峺ˡ
һ״֪ѾϴĺܸɾˣǽϴĲͷҷڳ˳Ȼתĩ˵˨ؽ˨սʱָԭĻָԭʹĻˮڵ⼷˲١
һȼˮò֮ؽҷڳ˳Ȼԡͷһַҷ۷ཱུĴʼĳϴ
һĳϴһֽɳϵĻˮɾʱǱϴĻôرǷۺɫʪڣ峺ˮԵøӵˡ
һڽҷϴɾëҷ²ɾȻó˴ҷëˣһŪһ۵̱ɳǰϢһᣬֻ˵ڸҳˣ̼İɡһֻ˳λöҷ




078¡ҩ

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һſţסָطֿٸƬѾպϵֻۿɰġǵСȻһһϵɿд󼦰͵ӡ
һһ֪ʱٸеԼɣ춹ҲͻͻͦĽϴĶˣԵüԸС
һҲ̲סˣͷ춹١ޡҷʶһЮ۵ĴȣһͷЮ䣬ʱһؽſסҷͷ˿ҷЮĴͷֽ˺۵СȻͷסؾٸҷйˮ
ҷƺнԼһͦȥͬʱҡſ󡢷۵ƨɣýһߵĺĥ䣬ƺҪԴﵽĿС
Щصش̼һѸе͡һʵܲļ尾Ѫڣֻ촽סҷǷ۵ƬغҷǷཡ۵Ĵʱ촽촽һʱ۵Ĵֵܿ˻ȥ
۵Ĵһ׺˯еҷƺʼЩֻʼؽޡŶŪһᣬһе͵ҸطȥйҲҷķӦԽԽǿңϾҪѹվҷһѱҵĴϣҷԵطڴϣȻȣһٴطֿԼܿվҷȼ䡣
һϺƳĽơһںƣ˿ͺ󼴽ʼһشĽĿһƺһƽʱʵĸоʱоЩЦҲЩ
ģͿʼʰɣ˼ʱĳﹾ¡һֻһ̧۵ĴȣִļͶ׼ʪܵ£һֻͦ֨һһִ󼦰ͱȥһ롣
һǴûڣѸоʮּȣխӱ˵ļĥ𲻶ࡣģɧ±õò࣡һоĽƣһļ˺ܾõیȥˣһ󼤶
ܿҪ侫ĸоʵ̫˷ˣһߡ˴೤Ĵ󼦰ȫҷխСɣ۵½ҧһĴ󼦰ͣһļůˮţ˵ĳ졣
ġʹ졭񫣡١һһĿдһļʹȫһļĸоҷ󡣵ͳʱǰγһڵļ渽ҷ͸𤻬İҺ
ǽһµĴ壬һеظоҪ侫ˣвô侫æԼ֣ԴɢԼעǲС
ӴĺʹһԼԼһĴ̼ǺǿңѾоµҷƺѾʼѹͣŤŷ׵ƨɣǽ۵һ綯ɸһͣضʶ鷿һĳڲͣ¶
ҪˣҪʲôвҪȻһ¾ͲճһҷͣŤͻȻ뵽ЩӾ࣬͵˷ܶҲܿ½ˡ
뵽ֻܿؼҷԲ۵Ĵȷ£Ӳͦļʹҷʪܵڳ˳ȻܵĶܿؼܺõӣܿӻͳҷһ˿ҵ塣
һרҵˮ׼ľͷλãȻңص˴ϡģ񫣡ôãȻûһǺ˷ܣԼӲͦļͣһ䡣
һſҷϣһסһַֿҷĴ˳زڡ˼£һͷһӣֲԣԭؿԼ
ѽΣգǿԿڼһһ룬æִҷѸٵش¹һٷһִϣȻٴ˴١٣ŵﴫĻ棬һԼЦ˳ʵԵòײӡ
һϴһһƣҷҷȻ󽫼ͲڡӻֻҷĴСһһϵɿؼŴִļͣƬ۵ĴС㲻ͣϣһֵҷĴȼ䣬꿪ҷĴСļͳ󲿷ֻ֣¹ͷôסʱˮ̵ĺˮһ˳ˡ
ӵӻҷƺѾﵽһԸ߳һ߿ŵӻҷһ߷س壬ԽԽζڲ֪Ǵ˼֣һǵܣпʼز͡һܿ͵˸߳Ϳʼٵ͡
ͻȻоҷѹˡ˭ʲôȷҷѹˣҩɢȥֻѡ
һûȥҷҷʼĳ̡ҷһرס޷վֻŤ塣
ŤĶȴüӾһ͵Ĵ̼ǰ۵ĴƨɲͣɸһļͲø
ޡſң˭ѽſңҪˣҷһ߸ܵĿ֣һšҪ㿴һ˵ҷҪһæ˵
ҷӦһֻ飬Ƿ۵Ĵ޵Сһǿˮͣ
һҷӵһһݺݵس˰£ֱеִļͲҷһЩĥ۵һֽĿС
Ļҷ֪룬һ߹һԿУһһʹҷ֪úȥδӣǽǼǽܣǾܾ
ҷ˿Ĳ֪ôźãڻʣµҩҷٴ̱ڴϣǿҵĿУҷһʱһĹͷеҷһµĳ鴤±һһţЮһһǵĥ⣬ƺһһµ˱Ĺͷ
һ֪ҷѾ߳Ҳ̲סˡҪ侫һһҪȥޣҷھܾ˷ȴһһ侫
һʱҲ̲סˣѻѾõҷޡҷ̵ľҺĻһҲﵽԵĸ߳
꾫󣬽ͳ˳Щѵһ˴һҲٹˣֻǾػζ侫Ŀ֡
ӻҷƺЩδ̱ڴϣֻ۵ĴͽʵСͳѺϲ£ˣˮһľҺͣʳƺδǿţڴִļ͵ٴԼᡭ
ܾܾ˵ĺú˭Ҳû˵ֻ𽥻ĴϢڸԼ£̬ķչ˭Ҳ˵е󱩷ǰҹĳơ
ʮӹȥˣ˻һʱҷѾ֪ԼľһȻװǴ˵ȫжϳ˭ˡ
ֻʱʵ̫ˣ治֪ʱԼҪйĶ壬ʱͲƿѹԼˣοʱԼļ͸ԼԵĸ߳
ҷ˳ڴЩӵ͹ϵƾˮ;Һʵϣе㱨Ŀ⣬ԼĴ͸ɣ
ҷѾʶԼһĹϵѷʮ΢ı仯ȥѹϵڣڲ֪һ϶ռλԼ֮һƵġ
ҷ־һᣬٴҵ˼ӵǿʰԼȳʵһס˳壬ȥһ壬ʣҩϽѣҷ
һ״æֺõ˵£ȥųˮݣһ¾ͺãҷֹһ˵ϽźˮˮµԵǡȻ˵ˡҷ˴û뵽˫Ųվڵ̺ϣһվֱʱһľҺţһ˿ߣһһ˿ش˳ۻԲĴֱʶ¡




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Ĵ̼񫣡һϸûӹһ۾ﰵؽеȴһ˵ҪҪ㣡ҷ˿ʶһһʣɷǼһ㶣֪ԼԼȴʮֵ࣬ʱ
Ҫ߿ҷǱЩŭһûȥҷŭֻǺźûлȥֻÿ·ҷܿ䡣
ĿҷһҲһ˿ҵɳ£ȼ̣ճ˼ڣҷ䡰ѽһűˤص
æƿԡţҷˤڵءû°ɣָоԼӲͦԭγ׿ҷ
ֻѩ׵Ĵȼ䣬ڵëˮ;ҺճԵʮֵң۵Ĵ΢΢ſС΢͹ڱڣм仹װµľҺˮ˵̼
һվ˶ǻһ˿ңһٴβļͺȻضҷۻԲƨˡ
߿㺦ģҷĻһȻŤԲ̷۵ƨɣһļͣƨȴĥӲͦļͣظоһļԽԽӲˣҷ毺õɲʱߺ졣
ҷȥһ§ҷֿͷҷԡװٺ֮һ˵ŲҪʲô⣬һҾ㣡ҷûпͷתǽڵһ棬ȥһʱҲ֪ʲôղһʱظоԵļͶԼƨϣŨθоһļǷǳӲͦҲǳĻȣָоȻƺ̼ڵ
ҷоԼЩ˼飬ѵԼôȥ룬ůˮĦԼȻеԵļͻȻΪԼеһ޾˱ˣԼĿĲٳ֮£Լһ˳һ˵Լҵгɡ
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õмꣿرΪഺ̵ܶŮˣʧȥŮꡣǹֿ治֪Լ͹ȥ˵ġ
ҷԼǱˮݺİ壬۾ط졣ҷʵ̫ˣ飬Ѿš
һһٴʲôͬһһٸʲôͬһͷҷ𽥵γɣȻͻȻоöˣҷٴԼ飬ԡվëɺһëžӲͷҷǸӵĳޣļ׵Ĺ
ʱҷʶضԡľӣʼԼ壬վԡҵľǰ˫Լ鷿˿Լ鷿ڸոսʱҪ۷Ķˣĳˡ
ҷԼ鷿󣬿ʼԼԼ壬ӷ鷿Ĵȣӷ۵Ĵ޵СһһŪԼһеԼӿˣҪһ󼦰룬ҷȥĴȷֿĥ΢΢¡Ƶָѷ͸һ
ҷԼסˡԼǲ̫˵㣬ʵҷ֪ǸµĴҩɵģڵҷֻΪԼֻǱҩԻˣ
ҷٴοʼȣһֿ𡣡ˡˡͻȻû°ɣϴ𣿡һ˺ܾãЩġ
ҷһһ£æ·ʱŷԼ·ȫ棬ԡССë⣬ѾҲ΢һڸĶˡ
Ľȴֲ֪ô죿ˡˡٴ𣺡û°ɣҷһԼ·ýֲԸ˵Լʵ̫ԸˣһճԼˮһľҺܵһٴμǲԼҷ뿴ô죿ҷĿҪˣ
ѾˣٿһΰɣǿԼ壬ҲܶԼôˣҷ롣뵽ҷԼ˹һСĿëԼ鷿ڸס˿š
ѽҷŵؽһԭһžһײ˸Բ𣡶Բ𣡡һ㲻ǣͬʱײڵصëϡ
˿̵ҷȫһ˿ң˫ֽס鷿ԭס鷿ëײڵϣѾһС
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ҷһëԼǰͬʱ̧ͷŭһ˿̵ЩŭˣһһҷŭĿ⣬æɫԵĿ⣬Ȼװ޹Ͱ˵㡭ҡͰˣ˵ʲôҷһסˣɵؿһϵһ״ϼȥ˵㣬һ￴㣬ҾͰ㣡Ȼһֱûҵĸܣǰ㣡ҷڻһıףеĻҲ𽥵ɢˣȡָ֮ӵĸоҷղŻŭһڿһϵı飬Լһıףĸоܿһٰʮȵת䡣Ů˱һԵĶܶ鶼ƾŸо϶
ȷˣҷҲ⣬ڲѾһıˣоһСʱǰЩɰٱЩԼ˶һݸɫʣֻǴ͵һķй
ʱҷȻһһָмоƺŮ˱ɬоԭŭһĿĿ⣬ҲٿһĿ⡣ҷܿͷǺֽܿĿƿˣͬʱϺܿ측һ˿ߵĺΣԭͷһǲļͣʹһ
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ʱҷһѽǿ˹˵Ҫܣ߿㣡ҷ˵ǿԵˣȫûŭĳɷ֣еֻɬ
ááһ֪Ȥ˺ҷɳͻȻеڸȣһͦԭҷ˫ڴǿʱȫ¶һǰ
ֻҷ۵ġĴȼ䣬͹һͷ沿ĺŨܡϸϸë¾΢΢¡𣬱ķǣڹǵĴ䣬ѿһϸ꣬ЮЮġһ˿ϸϸˮ˳£ճʪ˴¶˵Щë
һ˿ȥҷٴμǿǵոողŻͣסԼģԸС㣬ͷŹ㣡һﰵȴװϵӣ⽫Ŀҷƿ
ܿҷͽȫãȻѸٵؽȹϡŶҷһ޵Ĺһ·ҷԼɶˣŮ˵źܿͻָˣͷ˼άҲˣ뵽ĵһҪظղŵ¼
ֻҷޱضһ˵ȻѾˣͰǸңһ˵¼ȻڸҪҷԼ¼




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ڻǲ׵ظ뻹һҪʲôѽֻҪһ㣡¼ҷ΢΢һ졣һȻװʲôҲ֪̬˵ʲô¼㲻Ҫ͵͵¼ǱҷЩߡ
һ״֪ٶȥˣҷпܻᷴģæһЦ˵Ŷ˵¼ѽʵҲû˼ֻ̫ˣ㡭㡭ãҲ˵ˣ㵽׸ҷЩż
һȴѻ˵һߣҴ۶ﰮ㣡ǡҷһĻ˵֪˵ʲôǲҷվҪߵ̬һЦסҪĶһ᲻𣿡˵꣬һóǺ¼ݸҷ
ҷõǺԼԼ¼ڳ˿ѹֺܾõίڱˣֻԼɳϿʼ
ʱһȻؽһֻ§ס¶ķۼ磬ʹԼǰԼŮеζһָֻ㷢Ͱ۵˵㣬һ۵ģҷһ§ֵģһ˫۵鷿ĸˣǷ۵鷿һ·󷢣̲סҪȥһڡһ¡
һסˣ֪ʱȥŪȻ϶Ե֣ǻҷǿҵķУ²ҪԼҲŪһϣ۴ϻ̬϶ƣˣⳤһ˵㣡Ҫˣȥɣ˵ͷҷȥˣ
ɺɺҷԼˣһȻˣɽ򲻵ʱ䣬ԼջһԼЩԼˡ
Ȼһ⣬ȴһ飬һֱһһĲ񽿸ԼɽԺ󣬱ܺĳ˷ӣֱڣ񽿵Ĺûи䣬һȻȥ񽿼ΣΪԼĳŵûж֣һҲû˼ȥǸ츾չʲôܹϵˣΪһã񽿵Ĺûʵ֮ǰԼȥ񽿵ĻԼɾͳһʵƭˡ
ȻܺҲΪ츾ĹŬţλõʱ鶼Υģ˵ҪĹؼʱˣԣܺĵŬȻʯ󺣣һϢҲûˡ
죬һڰ칫Ϊ񽿵鷢أͻȻһ̧ͷһڿԺһæվΣˣɡ˴Լʮӣĸңһɺ֮ٸ飬һԺ󣬾Ͳ˲Ǳˣɽ¹ꡣ
ȻһЦӯӯ߽һİ칫ңСһѽСءһ굹һˮŵǰ£ȥˣΣʲô绰ҵ칫ȥͿˣ鷳һ˸ʲôѽӹˮһںȥһ꽫ĲƵԭʹظͦһͽİǰ˵Եķ¸߸ߵĳһһֺ֮ĸо
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һ򳤾ȻԼ긺飬Ҳ֤ǺܿģҪ֪ԼҲ˵ε֮һΰԼӴһˣһԼһ£ú쵼׽׽ҲίԺһЩĵ˻ϻӽǣԼ£ԲԼӴԼѹأκҪ˵򳤵ĻǿɾͶҪ˼˼ˡ
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ӦԼһȻҲʮֵĸˣΣ˵ɡ˵ͷڰ칫ҵɳһɳĶ档
һԺ󣬱пͻȻС֮ϥ֮ϵĲλٸλԼǰչ˳һٸ֮䣬һĹĵͬһͻ𣬽ĿӸγһۿɼĹΣǸλӦþŮҲĲλˣĿܵĲλһĲɵȻһ
΢΢¡ʮֵķȻڳİ֮£ȴƺһ˵ɢ˳ջʹ֮ӣһǰչֳһɾ˵ջ
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겢֪ԼʱһѾĽԼһ飬Ժһ˫ˮĴ۾һС˵ʲô¡һ˵ͷΣ㿴ӵģһɩһֱҪֲϵˣҲƫ󣬲֪ûа취Ըһɸء΢΢һ㶣ЩΪҪ֪ϵƶȿǺϵģҪ湤Ҳһѣһ˵ǸֲִǱĻڣϤƶȵЩΪ
뵽ԼĿģ뵽ҪʵԼĿٲûҪһ֪ԼҪ죬һðɣڹٳѾ˾ֵȻҲ֪ԼֵԽѰ죬һԼҲԽԣȻѾ˾ȴ¶һ˿Ϊѵɫ
ƺЩΪһЩżˣ˵ʵһڵӰҪҸʱĹҲһ仰飬ǲҪˣ񽿿ܺĵĴɩһ򳤷˵ɩȥʱȥĻǿɾҪЦ˵Ĵˡ
Ϊһ㣬һųٳûи񽿰ŹĿľıһĳڿµ궼¶Ϊѵɫһôܲżء
鼱֮£һһ⣬һĵվߵߵɳǰһƨԺ󣬲Žͷ쵽ĶߣĵΣʵ˵ɣɩĳ˿һϵģֻó棬Բ˵ġ




081¡ķ羰һ

һоԼͷյĶߣٸɢǹĶøӵ֮Уŵ㷢Ժвɵ΢΢һ
СɵĶһǰһԽٸϽë׿һŵõζ˾һ˵ȻǴ̼ޱȵģȴΪڰ칫һѹסҪŵָƵһڵĳ嶯
һĻĶҲһһ˵Ǹ˭Ȼúܵģ뵽Լ飬һҪԼ飬ҪҲԼĺã뵽ӵĻԼԸʵֽһȻҲԾܾһˡ
Ůץסʱģ˼ƽԺϵСǸ˵ͺðˣҪ¼ҵԱˡҪ¼ҵԱ£һҲ˵һ˵ԺһЩԻĶΣǼҲ˵ˣһβ˵Ҫʮ£רѧôɹģζЦһЦһ˫ˮĴ۾һСİɣˣ£Ͳòˡ껰Ѿ˵ϣһȻ˵ʲôˣңĹĻҲһһŶ裬һ֮£ץס֣ģǿ̫ˣΣллˡһһ£Ϊ֮ģΪһֱһ˫֣Ҳ÷ƽ̹ʵС֮ϣһһȥֱ֣ȻȻľ䵽ٸʵ޳Ĵˡ
һоȻһ·Ǵ˼ϴĸоôôϸ壬ôĹ⻬ָо̼һ񾭣һ鲻Խİһڿˮ
ͬʱΪҡֵĶʹһֱʼ֮ĻΪһΪ֮ģһֱķ֮ڳ֮µͬһ¡
ԼǸλԽԽһֱ뵽ԼֻҪһ֣ͿԺԸԼĸоСܵĽӴһָоһ˿Ĵִ̼̼֮£һоԼĳλһӱô
һʼһ˷ܵӣΪһΪԼæĵϲأģ͸оЩͷΪһֻ֣Լ֮ܵĵطǰš
ֻܵȵϢԺҲЩȻǿһһ˷ܵӣȴò׼һ˾پǶԼʾлڳԼĶȻЩȻȴҲûԵľܾһ
ڣȴܾܲˣΪоõһԼ֮ڳ֮µķ˵ԵСԽԽˣԼٲܾĻԼܵĲλɾҪһһܵĽӴˡ
ԣվװŲ˦һ֣ҲĵС˵˰ɣһ£Ҫˡ˵꣬ٸҲһش𣬾ʹҴҵ뿪˰칫ңΪٸԼٴһԼһŵָƵϵĺ쳱ͻһˡ
ٸҴҵȥӰһ¶˼ֻЦݣһ֪ոյĽߵѾĴԼԼƻ֮Уֶһֵˡ
ϢʱһصԼļóһСӣҷ˹ȥԼȻҷҩʱռҷȴ绰ûиԼ뵽ҷȻҺͱȥ߻ӵĵطһһԽһҪúõĳٸһ¡
꣬ҷƺڵһһԱ֪ҷںŶأλԺһһ¿ڴװŵĺӣ˹ȥ
װһϹȤƷ죬һҪúõĵҷһ£뵽ҷԼĵ֮¶Ľ߲ʤӣһͻȻ
䣬һһҷʰʲôһæӭȥȻֽŹϣͷҷȥ
һһѱסѹڿİ칫ϣֻһԹԵӺ˴ۣĽëüëϸ۵һ㱡ķۣԵ÷ɫϸ׾Ըе촽Ϳһ㵭죬ȥͷɧ
ҷһŤѹ˵ѽʲôһҪҷ죬Ƥ˵㻹𣿡ҷҡͷţѽҪһأ˿ģһһҷ˵֪Ѿ೼ˣ˵ãͲҪҶҲ·ҲŪŪ塣һһв˵һִ߽Ҹڣܿ͸ûдֵİ鷿ҷһԱһ˶ʱĽ۴飬
ʱһее鷿ǣеԣҷһԷ۵鷿һһգס̾
һееĸͷӲһͷͬҲӲͦ룬ҷ϶Ǳֻ´̼ˣΪԼҲʮǿҵͬС
˿̣ҷһ鷿ַϵζŪȫ΢΢ߵ˵һ滹ءҪԵģһĽУסϵȹȻȹһʱҷһԽۡĴ鷿һץסһ࣬ͬʱͷ캬׺еһ۵ͷʼʹ顣
һŪͷʱһҷ鷿ͦԲͷҲƯŶһ۵ͷ˫飡
šѹֺ󴭴ˬһŪһᣬȥȥҷҷȹ̫һָֻ޷һ˼Σûгɹ
һʧȥģſŪ鷿ҷվڵ̺ϣȻԼȻͻȻһ£ƿҷǿȹڣԼһӾ˽ȥ
ȹﰵģ̫Ǵָпȷظоҷһ˫¶ģ˿඼ûдָоһ˫ۡĴչ¶ǰֻˡ
һںڰ˫˳ҷۻԲĴܿŮصǵشһеʮֵ֣ѵûдǿ㣿
һȷǼTԸǿ㣬խСĲڲסƬ۵Ĵ¶ڲ棬һһ˫ּķ
ǣһָTԸǿһߣָҷ䶯ŵŮʻƵĴ˴ǳۺѷһ˿ˮһסǷʵĴסTԸǿĿ
ޣҪһҷһŪһСٺ١㡭е˰ɣһȹЦҷΪǵһȹŪֳԼһ͵飬ЩҡͷʾܣΪ֪һŪشڳ鴤ҶоԼЩվˡ
ҷϽַס˰칫ͻȻں㣡㣡ܿžͱƿˣԭһԱСҷ㣬㻹ѽǡѽҷŵûһ˫Ȳؼнһ£ʱоȹµһܱʹˣ΢һ£æֽ˫ɿվ
һȹɶˣҷ𻰣ӸǴˣҪһͷϵ߰Ůˣֻһָסҷ٣һһ
ʱҷһôһһŪѵ֣ʹ΢һ㣬֡顢ᡢȸζȫĸоζݣ鲻Խءޡһ
СЩֵؿҷһۣûз΢СĶҷæװ𻰵˵Ŷʲôʲôѽ˵н˫ȣһҪҶ
һͷҷ۵ĴһУҲܴ̼ȥҷľ棬䱾Ūˣֻ쳤ͷս۵£ɨˮԴڣͷⶴҷͻȻĴ̼ŪһУܿǲпҪѽ




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ҷرԼ̬ԼĽͿҷŬؿƣڸĿͷؿԼһõ̬
СµȻͷֲʲôˣȻ뵽ոһҷȹҲ뵽ǰôȹ²һˣֻԼֹţѽѽոиָҪҲŹģСһ˵һĴҷ״ٵңһȹһʲôľٶæ˵ûϵһҾˣԵһ£ЩͳȥǡǺðɣС˵͹ųȥˡ
ҷڳһֵĽźͼȵĴ̼ؿ˰칫ϡһʱȹŪѾͦٺҵѳѪ˿̵һƺѾ֪ʱĴڣɫġɫˣ
ҷղŵһĻźʹ̼ؿڰ칫ϴϢһᣬʹٴʶһһԼȹŪʱҷЩżˣ˶˫ѹ˵ɣҪȥˣҪͷһûлش𣬻ǶҷȹûгѽͻȻҷһ£ʵ㡭ʲôŽȥʱһڴҷȹ˳һСĶҷǰ˻Σ˵רΪȤڸһ£˵꣬һָסһŦһҪŶҷûзӦ;ԼһǿҵдɢסһԭҷڵǣŮǣԿеȤ
һҷķӦǿң˷ܵ˵㣡ҪģоɵƿƵʣҪҲҪҷһ˵һҪԼȥȡǸȤ·Եʣʹ޷̽ԼĴȼ䣬Ҳ޷ԼȡȤ
һҷȡȤֽƵʼӴˡҪŶҷ̼Ĳ֪롣ֻ͵һ۵СͬʱŬȤһһؼϣܽȤ˽۵
ʧˣԭһȤȤҷTԸǿխСǶ۵䣬סڣʹȤҲֻܻڵλá
ʱһҲҷ뷨˵㣡ģģ㡭㡭ҷּһԼ뷨
ҪģһҾͰȡһҷ߼ӣǸˡʲôʱھȡһҾҪȥˣҷΪݳǰͻԼȡæ׷ʵ
Ҫͷ㵽Ұȡһһ˵˵ȤҲҪôȤأʲôҪȵǸʱΪʲôҷĺܼˡܲȤ෴ԼҲȷоһֺܳʵܴ̼ʵᣬһղ˵ȷЩ֮ԼȡֻǺܵȤɢԼעʱŪ
пѽҪȻôʱȡһһЦضҷ˵ҷ˿Ҳûİ취ԼȡȤͱ뽫·ֻһȡˣ
ʱٴк㣡㣡ЩȲҷæص֪Ѿûʱȥˣֻаһ˵ȥˣ
ֻźľӣæԼ·ȻٴζžӼһϵױûŪסͷһҷѾױٴЦ
ҷûȥӦãȻȤǲ̫Ӱ·ֻǸоЩǣǵĸоУȻһ˿ĿСѵǽһαԸеȴ̼棬һеһ˿Ŀ뵽ҷӵĺˣеԼЩգ
עתƣҷһθоȤʼڶͣش̼ڵ⣬ҿǸղԼȤȤڣһСرסڷ۵Ĵͽ۵СҲܵȤĴ̼
㣡ʱٴδߴҷעҷٴһź飬ȥȤ˼ȻװƽӣһŤһŤ۵ƨɣ߳˺䣬ܿǰ̨
㵽ȥˣôڲǲǲѽһҷЩԹûûȥֻǡҷ֧֧һ¡
ǲǲôô죿ðЩżСһ㡭ҲûСҷ治֪شȥǸȤƺ𶯣ʶؼн˫ȣãȹںܿнȵĶûб˷֡
˼ҷԥҲöʲôֻʵûйϵܲܿʼˣԣԣҷæشû⣡Ǿɣ˵仰ϣҷһŷһ߲ͷһֻһһ۵λãһַֻڿ㶵ֻ֪϶Ȥң룬ʱǧҪȤ𶯡
뵽ʶסԼһ治ҪȴоĴڣһĳ嶯𣬺Ҳƺʼ˿˿ˮĸоԽԽǿҡ
㣡㣡ŪˣЩҷŶ֪ˣҷ㱻һ˼æػصҡҡͷؿԼҪȥ顣
ҷЩǱӣһڿ㶵ֲȤңءʱҷѾ׼ſȥأͻȻĴ̼ҷһֻǿﴫǿҴ̼첽߽ϴ̨һƨϣڵش
һᣬ񶯸ʧˣŻعһλÿȥֻһһЦҲҷһŭı飬һ״æҡҡͷƺڱʾǸ⡣
ˣһĵܿһ˺䣬һںﷳ겻ȥ֪ҷǷһģӦûģ˼ô꣬ʲôûٿ˵ġ
Сʱȥˣû֣ĪĲˣ˼䣬¥ﴫ˸߸ЬһЦˣһţһɫŮģĵݣƮݵ㷢ͦ壬ϸϸ޳۵Ĵȣɫĸ߸Ь˼ɫ
ҷ˽ŷϡֻ޳۵Ĵʱʱ֣ǰ鷿ʣԲͷŸ߸Ь¶һĴ۾ʱ鵴
һ۾ҷģҪȫѪӿȸѸپ𡣡졭㡭ҰǶȡ졭ҷ˿̸ûһɫֻۣԼеȤ
ôղôһⱨԵ˵ҡšôߵÿ찡ҷЩһĿҪʼˡ
ðɣſϣҰȡһҷ뿿ڰ칫ϣĳȹϸϸ⿪˫ϥָ׼⻮˿࣬TԸǿŸѰ̽ʪĻ԰ڡ
һܿ콫ԼĿӲͦļУվҷֿۻԲĴȼ䣬ôִĹͷֱӶƬ۵ĥˡ
ʱһҷصڵҸ£ղűһ鷿ȻɫͷѾһϲͣһٶƷ鷿Ửļ
ҷһѹϰڷԺԸеĻζһһ˱ͷͻĿһָ࣬ժ𡣡аҪҷЩЩΣһϸáŶ졭ҪĻˡһ˿̸Ͳż˫ַҷǷѩ׵ƨɣȻڳһֻסӲͦùͷڽһֻͦߴһ˳ШڡŰ칫ıԵһᱧҷ֧ţҷԲ̧ߣһյĽ׻źɫĸ߸Ьһư޳Ĵڲ࣬ȼеøһ޷ǰɶֻøӰѾ͡




083¡ʲô

ܿһĹͷ͸оȤһʱҷһСáޣһҷͬʱ̾ůˬΧһҷڲɶһһ¾ͱե
ޡšֲ˭ǽһµĳ壬ҷܿԿֵĸ߷塣һڲͣĿٳͣɵҷ˶Ѿ̱ϣխǲͣľΣˮ͵ʱ˳ŻԲ۵Ȳͣš
Ŷһ졭㰡ãá㡭ŶҪ䵽氡¡ġҷڸ߶ȵ˷Уһ˿ѣĵ³ȥʱҺҷ仰̼һ뵽ҪҺһ侫ĳ嶯
Ϳʼ侫ˣһĲ嵽ҷһɹɵľҺҷ㡭ˡŶҷ϶Уһ侫һγ֮ҷ˶е㷢ˣͣľΣһɫľҺ˳Ű뿪Ĵм䣬ĵš
ܿҷԼͻȻоԼڵûóǽյ˵á찡ҰǶóҪˣԼ԰һ˵ҷһҲûʱȥ˵ʲôˣֻܿбϣ۵ĴȴطֿȻ˿¸һֻžҺˮ䣬һɫľҺ˳ˡһ˵ذϡ
ŶҷһȻܿطϳһֽԼֽܿͱʳҺˮʪҷֻܿһţȻһ߽ǿ㴩ϡ
żķΧһӰ칫ϵ¶İͰɫĺľγǿӾֱƷһ̰Ѳע壬оûŮе㣬йԷľȻʧɫ
Ը߳ҷԵøӵϸۺͰɢһɳŮ԰ζһһε԰ԼͬʱҲԵĿ֡
ҷԺһбƤڴڵشղżҵĽʵ̫˷ˣ֪Լǵ˿οļ㣬رǼҵĳ壬һظоҷ䶯һһ˱ŴִĹͷһɹůİҺӿԼĹͷ̵ʮˬ
ֿʹһҲͣһ˷ܣҺһйעҷڣֱк˿̵ҷ۾⣬ɫЩ룬ҲмҵϢƺеƲסĵ궯ղűһʱļԼû뵽ôʹﵽԵĸ߳
ѵԼܣǻرĴ̼ҷԻ󣬲һǺģǾһ侫Ƕʱ䣬ظоˣرһɹ̵ľҺʱҷо̵ľҺĿУͬʱҲоǴִͷ͡
ʱҵ֪ռҷģһͻĿһ˫ֲԾرסһӣһ˫Ҳزһɣӭĳ͡
һضϻ۷壬Ǽ¶ѪҺҰƵľϣĶʡһ˷ӥŵһĳ̣һһߵƶˣһ𸡳Ưϲ֮С
һɴɵ̵ľҺĿУˬҷһɲǼ䣬УꡣİǿҵĿҷ޺ƻ𣬼̲סҪ˽һ˿ѻѸѹסˣֻɧš
ͻȻҷожԼĴڲٴһ㣬֪һȥľҺΪԼվԭȻ֪Ψһİ취ȥþҺȴû䣬Ҫϲ赽ֶȥ
˵Լ˫ɫ˿࣬ڵһ¡ҷûȥʵľҺˮĻѸٵصŵͬʱžһ£ʰǼҵϢָϰĶׯ󷽵̬ܿ쾵ҷѾһ߹ˣղǸٸȼֱˡˣͿ߰ɣ滹˵ءҷһ˵һߴЬ
㡭ôô찡һ˿̻ûлָһ顣˼ָҪңܵɡҷߡһӣ;ôľҺ˳Ŵȸ˿ҷ˲ôˣҴҵǰ̨ϡ
ϣɽһ۵õһڿ˫˴ϣһȻĳ̣һĵĿŵ绰ʱʱģ󣬿һʱ䣬Ȼһڵʲôˡ
һһĽŲ֨һˣһӰ֮ƺº˸һģֳۣȷûԺ󣬲ŽŹ
һԺ󣬼ҪЦֻϴһߵ۾ͷһͷɴ˱¶⣬еʵʵġ
ȡͷ۾ûĶһһ㣬ȻĻ˼ô⸱ѽߣ㻹Цң֪ҾͲˡˣ츾ܺġ
صɽԺһܺľͼûмˣһһ㣬Ϊ߲ȱŮܺȴһˣ츾һԼζԺ󣬺޲춼һߣȴһûмһļįܺļҪˡ
˲취ֻҪ߼鹤˾͵ĻᣬܺÿһĻʱĵģž´һˣǵֲ֪ԺȴָħһĴ绰һ
ܺĵӣһɵ΢΢һ֣һѱסܺĵ˳ϵ壬Ҳ֪ĸλ£츾һĵһĻոյĽһʧˣһŵָƵϵĴҲ
һ־ܺϴܺ˦ְһ˵áȻˣϴ衣
ƿһԺܺؿʼ·ͻȻƵؿһһۣתȥͷһáһװ۾ȴ϶ܺĵĶ
谵ĵƹ£ܺĲһȴͷȡ¡⽡ͷںڵĳȻ⿪ȹϵťۣȹھٹͷȹ£ʱܺĵȫ¶ڿУСɵӣԲԲļͷƤԴۺ죬Ե÷ǳϸ󻬡
ֵܺȥ⿪ֵĿӣʱֻ󵫺ܱ鷿ӳһֻ뵹ܺķɫظϣܺĵ˫鲻Ǻܴ󣬵ܼͦǰͦͻ̺ͷ
ܺѵССİɫڿ㣬¶ȳƵ˫ȡܺĵƽС¶ˣȵĸ֮ϡɢһСƬʵεĺɫë޷ݡ
ܺĹֻСɵİװ׵Ľţٱžž߽ԡңһοյҦ˸ȽϡҦ᰺ܺı飬رǴصٵβرԸУ޵롣ҷëҲܺĵҪŨܣӳۺɫҷ񣬸ֵУرǰĳܴһĴ̼
֮£ܺľŮ塢ϡëͱƺٻһ⻹һƬҪһúøŵľû֮ء
һ泯ۺ˼ʱܺĴԡ˳һë壬һߵߣЦһáôȼ˰ɡʵҲһһһ湿ܺϸ֫һЦ'١١ԭôҰܺһߺһԻһаѩСһļ򣬲ƴһΡΡŭʵͦ塣ǣܺԭѴĵⲻܹݶѣһԽԽСǶŭʵѾ䵽һСһܺżŭ壬š
ܺһΡ̺ķۺͷѾӲһһֻסܺͦŭวһֻᰴܺı¡ϣĦܺ񻬡ѩ޳ķȸֻ΢ëߵڸܺһ˵ķ϶ϣܺ֬ѩ׵̻һǰһŪ档




084¡ʲô

һ˷ܵܺĶ˵СɧҪ㣬㣡ܺ˿һʶѵ˽һߺ˵бͲңȻߣһܺһڣ˵Ȼôôò㣬Ҫúõ˵ɧѨ˭ôԸУ˲һ黰ܺķβԼϸ֫ĽҡţСҲһظš
оһѾʱܺվһڴϣȲعһĿ䣬һظŪһһߺָڹͷԼϵ⹵صعŪһܿأһ֣¶ɡ
һ۾ͦͦ壬ܺ˵졭캬ȥܺͷһĹͷȥһɵܺϸĿڽ񣬲һܺľͱϴӿյ޷ˡ
һܺɧĵıЦʾܺķſһߣȻ˵һôܺһ˼һһۣȻطһߣβһȽָ嵽ܺȡʪʪСѨصسͼΣȻָմЩѨ֭ȻָشܺľջСššมδַĵطͻȻ룬ѾеܺĸоһָĦʱĴ̼ʱܺĵĺͥ൱ָ룬ܺľѾܵ紥ĿдȫԺĺһ£ܺаĲһ¡
һؿ±ѳѱٸȻܺ󣬽һǴִĹͷܺĵɧѨϣض롣һĽ룬ܺĸ߸ߵذͷβţص΢鴤ӭһĽ롣
һַסܺǽͦεΣٵسѸٵزȥӽɧѨĿлŸصﱻĥŪĸоܺȫڴϣһؼţֻܺŴ˿ڣſڴϷ
һ󿪴صĳţܺķƨظţɧѨһֳִûףŽһܵذΧһĹͷܺȫ׷У̹Ȼ͵Ŀ֡
ܺĽסʼݺһǶԷӣ˷ܵһӿ͵ٶȣĴܺķϵƤ⣬žž
ܺɧѨ糺ɫһִĳͣһĶԼΪŵķʽ룬ܺļֱҪˣ忴ôۣƺԽκεĴݲУһĹǿ׳һܺĳƺǿġ
ܺıһҵĽţеǰδеˬҡܺıһײţͷɢ鲨ǰǰػţ﷢˵Ľͬʱƴʶһӣ˵ļӴžžžײƴ׷ĿС
ÿһزܺĽխɧѨʱʹʵйĸоһܺһּΪĿС
ܺȫȻڱĿеУһÿζݺݵعܺĺεģܺǹ⻬۵⣬ĲˣдĽӴ㴫͵ȫȵĿһӿܣΪҲµܺĸΪ㼣Ϊ
ܺĽ޶˵ģʱܲ͵ĳ˵ÿÿܹסһǼӲֱĲͳ߳Ѿе泩԰ĿвϳԶһܺĵĽϵһ˿ҡรͰҡø硭ҲˡšܺľȫƮƮȻƼڿУܺĴС죬ȴֻ΢ţȴʱ١˷ʱͻȻĽŲƺһķܺ͵һһɧѨļ͵ؼнˣܺļ˵ˣ죬һѵ˱ıԵܺĵɧѨһнһֻüΪ̼һ߼˳̣һͺţ𶯣𶯣ҳˣҪˡܺǽţ˷ܣٵص߶Բ˫Σӿ̼һʹһѸͷţͬʱܺҲܱǿҴ̼ȾһƬ졣
ܺۻβһߣһֻü׵һ飬ʹһһɼ͵شӹͷͷ˳ȥһβʣܺĽСѨ
ܺСڡؽţһһΣſڴϣӯѩ׵ƨȻ߳ܵؾţŸصһ˶ϡ
⴫ŵһ˭ҹһḧܺ𽥴Ӽлָķ壬Ȼ巭ת
ܺĽųڴϣƺڷסͷһߣ۾гһڢһȻͦļͣ΢ţЩˮǵź۵ͷͦǺŵĻ٣żٵĴϢ
ܺĵСȻƽ̹ʱȴ˷ܶس鴤£ϡëȼǵش죬䶯ƬһһϣۺԼ¶һɹҺĻܺĵľջ˳ڻ谵صƹ·⡣
ľɫһһٵغһڵٴβһӥСһѹܺϣ治ͣܺĵ졢Ӻ鷿ȷֿܺĵĴȣƨһͦһӲӲĴ󼦰͹ⲻͣĴ˦һܺĵСϣһܺĵžž
ܺеƵͨ죬ߺţ΢Сţ磡Ǹ磡ܲˣ졭졭ɣһжܺæ߬סһļͣʹԼʪһĹͷоܺĲ١
һܺĵͻȻ߰ЩܺļٰڶһĹͷĦԼⶹ˽ܴˮһ͵ؽһͷ˳廬ȥԴʱ͡һ˽ȥѽܺľһϰ˫֧ڴϣͷ¿һĴ󼦰ͲСһ۶ܺıҷڵ˰ߵܺĳԵӣɵþͼӿ˳Ľ࣬ˮײܺƨɺʹȸžž졣
ܺĵĴϢϴмŶ϶ššߡߡܺ۹ǵ鷿Ҷһ̲סһܺĵͦø߸ߵͷܺĵĺ࣬زĲˡ
һæ˵ɩ㡭СøڵˣҡŶСܡܲˡšš硭㡭УܺĵСƺں˻ˡһеϽȥܺſС졣šܺͷҡεø
һͷʹܺĵĿǻϾܺĻͷ˽ȥܿ죬˵Ŀˮһֲ˵ǣǣ˭Ҳòһ£ЦһЦֻš
һһֻܺ첲һڴϣȻֱͷȴܺĿг͵زȥһһ³
һظѹܺѩ׼ͦ鷿ϣǰѹšͬʱ̧ѹƨɣӿܺⶴĳ͡
ܺİǴϢŤһʹѿһ֣ȻһѾϣһͷţˡˡˡҵ죡˸硭һͷǡôôᡭˣѽһְܺĲڶͷļúˮմһͷȴһûͣؼܺģһܺĳԷɧӣһһʣɩҸɵ治ѽܺͷԽԽˣšһı嵽ٳγķʽΪԼеĴִͷⶴ̴ٳͣоͷܺխСⶴŪһֽȡĸоӹͷһ󴫵ȫһԼҲ̲ס߳




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ܺĵͷӵǰҡҲ°ڶܺĿһʱһһǰأŪһһƨɣȻ˵Ľϲλ촭˸硭Ǹ硭ҵĺø硭󼦰͸硭ɧѨĻ硭ٵʱ˧ơǻҡˮ͡ͳˡڹͷⶴڵĥ䣬ˮԽԽ죬Ūһе˼ܺҲߵòͣҧԼ촽֪ôáܺĸһһȻ̼ΪܺĿʼ̧βⶴӭһĴ󼦰͡
һȥܺĵǵʹһһܺĵⶴﷴ
ܺ˵ˣˡššߡø硭㡭㡭ǲڡĴ󼦰ôô١õɡáø㿴ܺİѴʹֿȫȥһϽܺĵ̧ܺĵϰƹȥܺĴȸ͵ëʺһ¶ⶴڵĽͿһˡ
֪ΪʹһļͲøˣڱһųŪе̼ܺĵͻȻָ߰ܺͼ̧ϰһǰأǱԼȵţһֻȥȫŤֻĴץһš
һҵĳһоԼҪˣɩҪˣټеý㣬ŶܺһºȲҪȲҪܺİ쵽һָͷסһļ͸ʹһǸеǱȻۣϡһһҪ侫ĳ嶯ȴȥˡһõȡһأܺ˵سһȥһģȥڴ֮ǰһһЩҺܺĵܺˮĻϣܺĵⶴĽɫĭˮ˽ཬƵġꡱ
һʼܺϲķʽγⶴڣȻ͵ز嵽ףԲȦʽҡĦܺĵʹëϴ̼ܺĵٲλͬʱͷҲܺĵײĴҡ䲻ܿ죬Ĳ١
һᣬһƣֱӣ첲ܺĵȱסֱܺѩԲƨɾ΢뿪棬ȻǰͦĴ󼦰Ͷסܺĺ죬һ䶯ѰҺһٴμⶴ
ܺͷһߣбۿһæµ󼦰Ͳֿܺʼ˽á󼦰ֽ֡ˡ硭Ұɡѽʹɣһʼӣܺţӡ桭ѽܺ촽Լ³ͷʹʶӭһĶ
ʱ䲻ܺĲ˵ˣֻʣʹٹһԽԽ٣ܺĺ˾䡱ܲȻҪһȣ̧ϰ§סһĲӣȼסһʹҡԼƨɣһоܺʪȵڳ鴤ƵýһסܺһƿܺɻشϣȻ̧ܺĵĴȣ
һͷ鵽ܺĵⶴڣ͵ز嵽ףٶԽԽ졣ܺԭһ˿ƵĺУˡҰɣһ仰ôҲûˡڣܺϹţ㡭ҲɣȻȫһ𣬳鴤
һĹͷоһȺܺڵĿһܺĸҪµ˵ȵȣһȻһƴ壬ͷоٴȫоһӿʱһ˫ۣסܺĵѾõľҺܺĵһȫҲһ鴤
ھҺ䣬ܺҲһһ߽вֹһоǵҺܺĵϣܺĽխĻ
һڴϣѾ·ܺģɩӣʱ仹أôż·ʲôѽܺĽİһһۣһ֪ôӴ·죬ȵʱ䵽ˣҾߣǲ˷ʱôһ΢΢һЦɩӣҲóˣǺǣ룬͵Ӳ᳤ˡ˵һ㽫򳤸Լ˵ҪȥԼչܺĸŮĻܺĽһ飬һһ˵ܺĵһŵָƵϲɵ¶񼸷ԹɫһȻ֪ܺʲôˣ£һҲ·ӵ츾ɳϣɩҪòãڣǻôİɣԺÿ죬ҶὫιñġһ黰ܺĵϵԹɫʧˣȡ֮ȴݵģһĿ粿һԺܺĵһ仰Ҿ֪ˣ治֪ĶôģôӲѽһܺĵһ£ôѽ뵱һεʱҲҲһ㶼Уǵ˼ЦôֻǺ澭öˣűôˡһĻܺĵĺһӸ֮£ܺһֱһҪһһһεḶ́һͲסܺĵĥӲݣֻøܺĽ
һĵһŮǸڵһٸΪھӣ˺ܿϤǶӣһʱһЩܼļ£죬һԺƿҵš
֮һΪôҲ벻㣬Ϊ㣬ѹ·ڴϣƨɶ"Źϲϣ"Ȼһ֪Ҫʲôˣ"ҰĦҽ첻֪ôȫʹ""ã㣡""㲻Ҫ㣡Ҵ㣡""ã㣡"һĻʼĦļ򣬺һСʱ䶼ûϢⴥУһǲ֪Ҫ˵ЩʲôҺܿͲʹ飬ƳĬ"һ꼸ꣿ""ʮ꣡""ҲСˡ㿴㣬ʼ""ǰ""ˣˣڻƨɰɣ"һĦƨʱ˫ȴ򿪣һ̿ˮ"ˣڻǰɣ"㷭εһһǲ֪Ǻˣ۾ҲҪıߣ˵Ǵľ״ر¸һëÿԹ۲һķӦ
ʮζ˵еʧ΢ѲŮѾû취Գŵ̬ɷǰӣȻڲһˣһ޴޵ģһĶ̿΢΢¡ˣ˵"ڴ߿ʼ"ָ鷿
"ม""֪ô""֪""ҽ㣬"˵ţ֣Լزţ"Ҫ֪"""տʼһµģϰҲ˳ˣһҲ鷿ķӦһֱעһĿ£ʵҪһĦ鷿ΪԼǽһһƺЧˣ"оô"ʡ""""ָͷСһ֪޷ģôģģ"㣡""ʲô£""ôӲӲģ""԰š"ķӦһһֿ϶Ĵͷ"šһڻȡ"ĻѴˣһߵĴȣ۾һֱŨŨںڵëһĴȣͷִʪʪˡΪܷɴϴʱſȣĿǰȻ֪˵磬˭ԣ죬ΪûŮԵӡУŮӦǹ⻬ģȻмһ죬Ȼȴïʢĺںڵë֮У¶Ƭ⣬ԴɫıԵмʺɫġŷ⣬Կʪģһ׼ȥʱˣòϣһĿȥһܵ˺ǶΪ˱Ҫٵıܣ΢һ˺ͣסˣΪ뵽Է㣬"㡭"һĻĵĳ㲻ķӦһһ²ִ࣬"ô""Ҳã"ΪӦеˡ"Ӳร""""ĺӲร"""һһֱӦõĴ̼Եò˼Ĳ֪δ""㿪ʼĿӡ"񣬶£ʶ쳣Ҳ֪ô죬ֻĶһһĿӣѾȫ̰ɪģɬ¶ĴôۣһĹͷڰƤڷ۷ۺģСкƻա
ʼݹߣ̵ϸߣȲһɳ죬һһСغ裬ҡҡ׹Ȼ󽫱Ӵսͷñͷĥͷ̴һ˹ͷеζһһģȻ˳ưѰƤʱͷȫ¶ڿС
ϸϸĹ۲ͷ⻬ı棬ڻ谵ĵƹ£ʶĿССھ죬һһϣ̲סͷһʱһ飬һڴϣҪվΪܿһҡҡ׹غ裬ſڽУ̵̣Ϊֹ




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˿̣ܵͷź³һ㣬һ㣬һ㣬ݿڹͷڣһֻʣͷͷͷŪʪͷڹͷڱԵߣͷܰƤϵĴڣⶥڣʱҺˣȻٰ̽ȥȫס
ʱ˿̣оһһһĴĿǻˣƵԽԽԽԽ죬оʶһҪ侫ˣǺܿĽ³³ʱһĹͷ촽һҺĿˮĻҺ
³һ̲סأһһģҪȻסͷƵһĶߣһߴһС˵"ҵĻ˵ͺã֪"""һͷոһ£ѾƮ״̬Ѿ޷Լˣ˵˵ˡһƶϢһʼ˵״ģӲѴﲻı׼ٴͷմʪĥȻľӣָֻոյ۷硣
һʧһſһ壬λ޾ĴУһо涼ҪɳϽ--ƿ£ȡơ
ڵһʶ̬һ֮пȥ΢ŵƬ⣬һˮԼðŨܵëУסŪһֲëſƬʪʪֹͣܵļ⣬ӭΥи
ƶͷԵĨĨˮһְֻѲϵİƤƿٰѹͷƵһĹͷϵȥԼٹͷһֱһеʼһһϣʱŹǿڣ˳ĽǶȣ
һΣֱţ㾹Ȼȥô壬жɣȥ̽ӵĵطǳʪŤһȷȥĵطǸţʲôأ˼ʱһɸоĹͷĹůʪ妵סͷǰһֱȻſſǶٴμס
ָоҳŴԲʱҡƨɷʱĽǶȣȫ롣Ȼֻȫȫİסʵȴȫסȫ
һһ΢ӲĶ޷ǰˣҲǰſϣסͷбһգһһһͳϢǱߴתͷ촽ס촽ͷͷһĿȥһµһᵽ"ʽ"
ͣһüͼʹƶȻÿһܵѹžһһдԣ󣬽֫ȫȻһ󼸽ѵĸоŽѣڴһɲѹֵڲ
ſһϣʵĸоŤƨĥʱͻԾȵģͷһ룬׼йˣڴʱһٵ˵УӦһƶƨɣŻüͷѿ˵"ôô죿"ս˶׼ǶŵһһȴûжһĿ㣬δأ
"ԺҪҪȸң֪""ร"ʵһˣƺֺ񲻴󶮡㷭˼ֽֽԼСѨʣµ׼һһȻѾˣոյĥ׵ģᣬһĲãϲͷ֮ϵľҺ󻬣ֲˣȼϣֱȸոջӲϽסǸʪ͸ѨȫʱͿʼŤһɣΪȻıеýġ
"ม"ƨԽŤԽ죬ҲԽԽһ֪һٵŤƨɺѴﵽθ߳ˣһֻ֪СѨԽԽʪĿҲӸոյ־ĥĿתֻнĴѨУˣҲСˣȻһϡ
ſŵ˵ˣδĻŤƨɣΪֳͲͬڸ߳߳һָ߳Ѩĳȴάһγʱеرĵط
ɷɷȨɷÿÿܿйˣȻ͵ͷ˯һŮ˵ǲпģΪһŮ˵ĸ߳ǰкֽ׶ζܸܵĸ߳ˣһڷܴܶԽԽĳнܳĴ̼ſͷʱ侫ˣһˣܺĵһŵָƵҲúȻոһֵ츾״̬һαô
һоܺĵһתҪܺѹ£ٴζ巢̣ȴû뵽ܺȴƿԼվ
ܺһ·һߵһҲҪڲУҪȥˣϹҲڣһĵġһ˵ţܺһĿһһۣתߡ
ܺתʱ򣬵绰ͻȻ绰ܺĽӹ绰һϹһȻ򳤴ĵ绰һ¾Ҫܺĺ˵Щʲôϧǣܺĳ˺һϹ⣬һֱŰģһ˵Щʲô
µ绰ܺһ˵һĻһϹϲؼңҿԺһˣ̫ˡһһдϲһѱܺ壬ɳϹһš
ȵֹͣʱһŷʱһѾӽͮƷǰ˽ȥסܺĵ飬ţ·סܺ΢ʪůܺĵֻСҲѴһؿ˽ȥסһȴ׳Ĵ
һͷܺĵĶҧһ£ȻܺĶ˵áҪ㣡ܺؿһߵؽ˫ۣ΢΢˵ͷһܺһķȥܺͻȻۣ˵áУⷿ䲻ɾ鷳ˡȥһ٣ôãֻһȵ뻳ٸůʪѨ¥̨ȥ𣿡ʱܺ˫κ죬ϸһ룬Ȼеðգڻǣ˲ôˡ
һ뱧ẕ̇һܺģߵ¥̨ϣܣ¥һߵĵص㣬˿϶ǡ
һܺվˣҪȹӣܺıһЩסһ̧֣ͷΧȻͷ޵һ˵áҪ·˺Ҿɼºòãһӻܺ΢΢оĵͽţʵ̫£ʱϾڣͺҴӦáðɣ죬ҺҪ㣬綼һˡܺİ۵ǵúģͷһ⿪¿ӣ¶צĻߵذһƤɵڶƤ·ϵãһ֪һܾ
ܺĵʹͷɬվһǰһذܺȹ½⿪ܺĵӳȹһ̫ˣֻܺһխСĽڿ㣬һ˳ذڿʵϥǱߡһʱ޿̣嶯ǰһѱסܺģס촽
һο˵ܺģ˳ӵصһһסܺĵĺÿܺĵȹ̽ȥ
Ѿôʪôˣ˶ˮѽôһ̲һӴĵطճճġҺ塣
һְܺ΢΢¡棬һżĺϣҦᰱܺĵëԵú٣ȥϡϡãܴ
ƾָУһܺĺҷȫַҷôʺ񣬱ģġһĴָʳָܺĵٸĲţҲŵ£ĺһܸоһѹԼһƺһȡĿ֡
˳ܺƬһָмһ죬һָػܺġӡһӣ͵ؼвסһ֣һһᣬֱܺӣſһ˵áģڡ֪һܺĶ˵һ֪ɧԵٸҪõ㹦Ժͻ᳹׳ΪĿ
һŪ֮£ܺĻƺȼˣƺǹŴսһĶߣһ˵Һˣɡڰһܺĵı飬ٵĺͼ̵գһ֪׼ˡ




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ܺļȫһϣ˫ۻһӣǰͦƺӭһĳһŪͰָ̽ȥһ·ͨ裬ܵڽҧסһָΪճҺڳ֣һָܺڼ硣
һָѹܺĵǰڣͻȻһ𣬹ŶһСĵĴѰңһָܺгһһɲ䣬һеشһͬһָָǲС򣬸ое㲻ͬƺӲеЩе΢΢͹
һŰȥܺĲķͻȻһҧסһļͷ⣬˻һоеۣ̲ס˿
ˣˣһһһйɵذѹǿطܺĵСҲԽҧԽһԼ򴦴ʹкһһӿġ̽ܺСⶴĳ嶯ᰴѹ۵١
һָ˴һӣһٶ£ȻܺȫӲСɿһļ򣬽ҧأϰ򱳺ȥʹͦǰأһƵŶšѽðһ֪ܺĿ߳ˣ
һѵس֣΢䣬ֿܺĵĴȣȡ׵ƣܺĵĴȷֱѹһĴϣʿƣĲԴö׼һѳԤ״̬ĸ߰
һסҪסܺĵƨɣһһĹͷ˳ؼܺĵĽůСѨһɿ֣ϥõͬʱֻܺıһʹܺĵһĸǵСǰͦˬȫܺĵСѨ̽ȥˣ
һůȺһ¸֪ǲܺĵϹڸţоܺĵŮխذһȳ嶯һų鶯£ġĸоΧһĹͷáǾģĸоһĳ鶯ǿʹһɵļӿʶƵʺͷ
һܺĵƨɣܺĵȫһ˫ֺ˫ϣÿһһܺһͬʱһ¸ҲǰͦʹһܸزܺĸоһǲСǰͦ˶ٴΣֻȶЩͷϵȴԽԽǿңʹһܺĸ̽
ܺϰ뿪һĻƽ̹СýģȼһĴϣñֱһſӶܸеܺڶ£ϼһԤ֪ܺĵĸ߳쵽ˣǸӲһеܺĵⶴͻ
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Ȼܺġؼһԭǰѹ˫۽סһԲ˫Ҳӭһĳ
ͬʱһ쵽ܺƺһֻСסһ֪ܺıһ˸߳һֳɾ͸Ȼž͸оԼҲͻ˼ޣСһů⣬ֱͷȥӲܺĹͷǰĿ׵ӿһɹܺĵӹȥ
ܺСҲһֱסһǶһһսڣأˣһҲܺбեһξҺС¸еһԵĿ飬һܺӾվţȥĿ֡
ҳһܺĵܺڲؼסͷȻģ˿˿΢΢شʪ泩Сܺ˫۴࣬һظϣڴڵشŴ۾ģƾȫɵһҪһ˫ֱܺĵƨɣһһܺľͻ̱ڵϡ
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ܺļмܣҲһҪѡáУУ治ˣڻʹأ˵ı˷ֿɲˣԺôˣһסܺļڶ֣˵áղʱеôͲ±˷ˡ˵һĺܣҲղˣˣܿģ֤оȸղŻܺе㶯ģʵҲܿٴƮƮɵоһ£˵áðɣôٸһλᡣ㲻ƭңһҪ㣬ı˷ˣԺٲ㣡һ룺װģﲻ֪뱻ҵĴأ룬ϵȻ˵һܺǰһ£÷ĵ˵áҷģҲƭ㣬ѵû˸߹жһȫµ飬ģҷѾˣȴ߼סҵܸҲʡòãû취ãģܺ˵Ȼø첲§סһĲӣȴһϣһסܺĵȣƵܺȥסܺĵΣܺ˳ȴһҸ쵽һŽż໥Σһ˫۴ܺҸ»ƹȥβ͵λһУܺľεعһϣһȳеһأȴһҲó
һͷ¿ȥ¹⣬һؿһһë̽۾ǰ¶ͷǰ˲Ѿûܺĵͷǵ⹵¶ܺ⡣
ܺĵȷֵúܿеԵǰͻۺɫĴһĹͷֵÿģߣСذסһĹͷһ˱Ӫ̰죬ΪͿܺﲻϷڵҺһܺĵС¹⡣
һ̧ͷܺҲ͵͵ءؿӵĳ棬оһڿ̧ܺͷƵ˵áŶģһǵһۿ˵ҵ棬һ壬ҿ㣡һﰵϲûŮһſ˾Ȼô󵨣һȻ֮ãһܺĵĶ˵õģһģ㿴ˣһۺͺͬʱذһܺĵһ£ڣһĺϢػܺĵڣ˳ܲһëཻ΢ġСĦ졣
̧ܺͷֱͷһϣСһشһáԹңɰɣɵùΪֹҰԼȫˣ˵꣬ܺĺߵر˫ۣһ˫˳ſһˡ
ʱһѾˣҪղ󿪴ص͸ܺһ٣תһ룬öҪƷ㣬סθڣԺ浽öһͷȥܺĶ˵áһ㻳ˣ𣿡ܺһжһʱôҲ㲻һƬˡܺ΢΢һЦ˵áҪģճҩģһˣҾͰѺԸΪBABY




088¡򳤷˵

һﲻ֪ǸøжǸú£һҲܲôˣһһݣǰ˰벽ܺĵĺ󱳿ס̨ǽһǰǰͻ𣬴µͳܲǰͦݺݵܺĵǶѹȥס
ܺΪһ󽻹һϰſһϣƨֱһεرסȸмǸֱһȫһ㶼ƶá
һŵأÿ㣬һӲֱֱذܺġǽϣҪŵĶһŵأǰ㣬ǰ˲ܺڣǵѹȣһԼڳֲ͡ӳܺů󻬵
ͻȻһоͷǰʲô谭һ̵ĶסˣһǿܺĵӹһһĹͷʱԾɷµǰȥȥֱӹ뿪ԭλãӹǻڣƼӹǻҡڲͣһԺеӼһǰͦһһ洭Ŵһþ˫ֱͦضסܺĵܺȫȫ˽ȥ
ܺĵĴСһǿƶ£ǿȵڷȥش߿סһʱһȫڵѪҺһ̲ͣӿһѪѹ谭ԴԴϵصǰΣܺÿһÿһĿ϶ʹ쳤ѪҺӯÿÿ룬һܺţһоõıƤѾŵ˼ޣͷоδй˿˿ʹһ֧СиһǿסʹΪһ֪ʼʹȫĿС
һסܺĵ壬ͷܺĶʡáʲôо𣿡ܺıסһļͷٵشϢ˵áţšǣǵܣһľ׮ŶԽԽˣһԸоһһģаѴһһµһ֣ٸġһһҧʹסܺģһ˫ֱסܺĵƨסܺĵ壬ʹһëݺݵΧܺĵתתתתתֻһܺĽẉ̵̂죬Ȼܺĺ﷢һҽСáŶ񫰡ͬʱһ쵽һͷϺشһɦĸоԽԽǿңԽԽͷһֻСëˢͣµˢ
ʱһеļⶼֱһҡ壬ëĥܺ¶ˣǿҵĴ̼ʹܺķκںڣĴ̼˲䴫ܺĵȫܺȫÿһÿһⲻس鴤Σܺɤ۶ＷһŶŶһŽŸͣߵһĺһ֪һһֱĥȥǿҵ˴̼ʹܺĵļΣ˥ߡ
ͷϵֱһĸŻѾһţغǣˣҪˣһԤе侫ͷǰѾӹͷӵ¸ߣһһͷȥܺĶ˵áҪˣˣܺãеɴ۾һáɣɣûϵ棡ûϵûϵģһ±ȫĸоŶҷˣʼˣһһģ䣬侫еĵȴʵԽ˶㣬һϣܺһ£һբţǿٷſٸһɹȵľҺﱻѹ˳ɿ챼ӿڳڸ߶˷ܶſôĹͷµĿ׵ֱֱײܺӹϣȻǵڶɡɡ
һһܺ巢ļγһĵĬĬţţʮʮһڣһʮȫͣ˶ƣͣ侫һϮһسһҡһӣȻܺĵô򣬸оһޱȣסܺˣܺһ˵áɣ֪ˡһܺ˫ŵأȻһ˺һֻܺܺͻȻЦʲô£Цʲôһʡ˶ѽһȥܺĴڲţüһԭղһľҺܺĸ߳ʱĻҺһγһܺ˳˳ܺĵ˫ڲʣһֱСС̲һͳ־СĵܺȼãܺĶɸһһۣá㴩ϿӰɣԼ̨ϴ·Ժ󣬱ص˷սܺĺһصϴһԺ󣬾˯˹ȥܺľԼһ˯رʵرҲʶһ˯õһξɡ
ܺĿ˿ʱ䣬æܺĵľٶ˲εһһ۾ܺæҵӣͷ£Ҳĵɩӣʲôôżѽô˯һһĿһܺһһ˵ɵĵ̾ϢһҲ¶Թı飺һֲǲ֪ҵ飬һҺĵģȴֺϣִ̼ĸоӣ֪ҪءһȻ֪츾ìһ棬Լһ֮󣬺ܿľлŮãͬһʳƷˣһԺ󣬾ͻж޷Բ
һ棬ܺ򳤵ţеλˣԼ¸˷ˣǺܺĲģ˵ָ𣬵ϵһʹ츾޷ԵģìܵʹܺĲֹһεһǰ¶Թı顣
ܺĵӣһһۣߵܺĵߣ§סܺĵһŵָƵһԺ󣬲ĵɩάֺܾõģֻҪ򳤵ȥԺǾͿһˡһΪƾԼһ仰ܹ츾תΪϲģȴû뵽ܺ仰ԺһŵָƵԹıӵܺĵӣһҲ֪ôһ£оȻ˼ֲı顣
ԺܺĲų̾Ϣһһո˵лмָ˵ģתһ룬ȴ񲢲ôأȻˣȴһѽһǲ㡣һȻ֪ܺ˵Ļһ˾ŮǮˣܺ⵱ͻȻǮãһеǷݲøӵֻ¶һ˿ǿЦοܺģɩ㿴˵ģòϾҪϴѧôһߣǲǾһôܺһ˫ˮĴ۾һһĲ׻װͿѽѵ֪ѡҽѧԺôҲ治֪ʲôħ˵úúõģϺȥģȴˣǵҽѧԺ˵ܺһ˫ˮĴ۾¶һ˿Ŀ⿴һ
һ֪ҽѧԺɽı߱ϣɽҲǰСʱĳ̣Ǯ֮ԻıУ϶ΪԼԭˣܺһ˵ֿ츾ԼʱǱĿ⣬һԼΪʲôˣ֮£һЩĽĿͶ˱𴦣ҺܺĵĿӡ
Ȼֽܺ˵֪ö϶ԭģ֪ŮĪĸ룬֮Ի˵ļ֣ӦΪһˣˣӦòǱˣһɡһ˵ţܺһ˫ˮĴ۾գҲգĿһƺһԼĻԺϸ΢ı仯֮пԼжȷ
һɵпЦû뵽ĸŮȻ˵УϴǮĲµԼ֮ܺ飬ԼˣҺԼÿ죬粻֮࣬ǮеĻɣһõǮá
еܺģȻҲ˿֮вµǮѡҽѧԺƺԼйأȻżɽԼˣһһʱ䲻֪λشǺá
һ棬һǰĸˣǮȴƭʲôܺĺǮĸŮԼƭܺһʱȴƭһģ츾Լ֪ԺԼڸĬء
ǮúܺĶԼŵŮˣҪԼĸŮ֮һѡĻһһʱ仹ȡأһȻԣȴԼŮŶصռһȻԽ޵ĸŮһΪ˵ˡ




089¡ϰĳһ

ΪĸŮͬյ뷨һҲܺĵĿܺĲԵĻԼǮõĹ˵ܹﵽԼĿأȻ֪ѶȺܴ󣬵ΪշŮһȻҲ˵üˡ
һ˵ܺĵ̾Ϣһһ֪ҵͱ˽ʮ꣬Ҳ֪ʮԺһһ̫ţȴһˣҲܺ쳤ؾãȴϣܴӦңһʱ򣬺úõİңֺֿôҵҲļͥҲӰģģʱ룬ҲǺܱ֪ܳúһ𣬵ȴжԲö£ĸ׵ô֪ܲأģҲǵģ֮ûʲôҶϣܹŽģһҸ˳ʱһӰǵġ˵ܺĵȦһ죬ˮĴ۾һܺĵĶ˵ıĸжţܺĶԼİѾһ˽ľ磬ж츾İѾԸӵĳ̶ȣ֮£һɵӵסܺĵ壺ɩӣлл㣬ģٶŮˣҲģɽĵһŮˣҲŮˣһһӸߵģŮ˶ĻһὫǸŮɨسŵģ̇ܺͷһһؼᶨ˵ĻһۣҪܵĻҲû˵ڣһҸһĻѵõᡣ
˺þãܺĲĵĵһ֪㲻ǷƷԺ󲻵ҵܹͶأߵŮҲģԸǣǺƽģķģ˵ܺĵͷһεĵȥһң˵ⷬˣеŮˣ㣬㶮ҵ˼ôܺΪǮõĸףô᲻ǮõأǮ̸һʱһ۵ӣ֪ԼŮѾһӰˣǮõӣܺĵһ˵ĸо
һ棬ŮŵԼŵˣܺĵȻһ⣬ʱ޲ԼܺǮһΪǮñϾഺŮԼ˼ɣһ˵
һ棬ܺȴֿʼԼһĹϵˣԼϾʮĸˣһȴֻжʮ꣬͵Ĳ࣬ܺĸоһ˿ΣУһܺĵһ΢ı仯ϣһܳΪԼŮһôԼǿÿ춼һġ
һʱ䣬ܺһֱڻûʧ֮жȹֱ죬һһεĿԼеԺܺ˾ȻܺĿʼ˵ЩҪ̽һģһôᶨ˵ҪһӸԼһܺҲ˵Ŀ԰һͱŮǮõĻˡ
һܺһ˵΢΢һ㶣ϾͿϲΪܺĵĻڸһ츾ѾԼŮһʵˣˣֻҪԼãԼԺٶŮˣܺҲģһĺϢһȻϲȴ֪ԼʱȴǾϲʱ򣬵£һܺĵһŵָƵһ£ɩӣĻǲ̫ίˡܺĽ˵˳Ժһɣһһ˵ɵ̧ͷİһһۣһίʲôѽֻҪҺãҾΪһжֵõˡһһЦɩӣҵȻˣˣ˵ƾھ㿴Ҷжðɡһ˵ţһһ־ܺĸոմõ·ȴû뵽ܺȴһЦƿһһˣ㻹ҪѽУ浽ڻأҲҪȥˣȻɾҪȥˣ㡣ܺģһͬ˽˲ιһģȫë׶˿ܺĵĻʹһ֪ԼҪĸŮ뷨ҲڲõĽͻʵˣΪѵõǣܺĵɩӣܺĵŵԺһԲٹ˼ܺĵ뷨ʼԼļƻˡ
뵽ᣬһͻȻԴӦԼ԰ʵԼ˵绰˵ûмʵԺһһ·Ҫļȥ
·ҷʱһͻȻԴǴҷСһԺԼûټٸأ뵽һһգ߽
ŵҷһԺһŵָƵĪһ죬վӭһԺҷһʹ˸ɫȻ̬߳ꡣ
һȦԺ󣬿ٵ߳꣬߳һҷվڽֽǴԼԺǲɵ¶˼ֻЦݣ֪Լǿ֮£ҷӦѾԼˣȻҲ뿪ڽֽǵԼˣ뵽ٸԼİһ¶˼ֻЦݣ첽ҷ
ҷǳļ˹ȥһϵĻЦøӵҪҲʹһĵӸͻȻ䣬һͬڽֽǵĽһ䣬һ첽ߵҷߣһҷ֣˹ȥ
ҷû뵽һȻ˵Ĵ󵨣﷢һ̣Ҫȴһ֮£һҷԺһϸĴˡ
ڿһҲûԺһҷһĿ䣬ҷһĿůСͳһӲŪţһҷ⻬ĶͷҷԸеϸţִٵĻʹһеĵܣҪըƵܡôô嶯ҷһѯʡһ§ҷ壬Ҳ˵Ҫ㣬ھͲ㡣ҷŪһ΢Щ٣³ʲôȵ˼ôȾôȡһ˵ھҪ㣬㰮㣬㣬㿴ѾӲܲˣȵңұ·ûߵһ룬ҾҪըˡҷƺһǿҵջЦһȻ˵ô죿䰡ʱ϶ܾˡһҷۻգٵתţ鼱ǣû£Ǿֹͣټһҷ˵ҷ̵һʱε̺졣
ҷһϺݺݵһѣҪˣҷһ߲˵ôĵطôЩаһִҷ˽ȥҷĽţ࣬ûֲܸɾ㲻Ⱥܴ̼һܴǲһĿУһ˶һֵȥһ˵һĻҷ󾽣һｿŤһ֪ͬˡ
ҷٿԺһҴԼĿӣźĹҹϣȼ׳߸ߵָҷСʹȵм䡣
ҷһġӲͦŵ˫һƬߺ죬ȻѾȹüδˣҷȻڿһ壬οһ¶ĹѰһ͵ĴߴҷҷǽϣЩһ£һ˶ඪ˰ǲҪòạ̃˼ôУ𣿡ҷһӣһĸ͵ļҪըˣһһѽҷ§־ȥҷϵĴۡ
ҷ˵һһú㣬㣬һҷİǿн⿪ҷĿȥ㣬㣬һ鷳ˡ˼£ҷĿڱһڳ˵ջ
ҷɬı۾ҿһּڵԼҷ⻬ĴļҹĿһϸܵĺҷȼʢëǿĴָչһѪҺ̱ǰĻȼˡ
ҷ΢΢˵ҡ䡱һҷһָҷ⻬ƽ̹Сһ˵£ͲˡҷС֣һָҷһ촦ĦҲΪ䣬ҲΪţҷ۵ܸɬȱ¶ĻĮɺԡ
һӲҷ˫ȼײţʾһһĵҷˮԴһߺҷҵǣһҷɿڵͷ˱ҧһҷʪ廬۵ĿǻﵽŪͬʱһֲֻϸŪҷǰͦ鷿
ҷ§һһİʵظ¶ҲߣҷˡûãҷһֲиŬӿİҺ




090¡ϰĳٶ

һʱѾ˼ļ㣬һҷһȣָֿҷδȫŵ죬ۡһͲ˽ȥҷƬխİ£һ̲ס̾˿ҷҲסһı֧Լ塣
һƨɿٵʶţеҷſСʽһֻܽȥһ֣Ĵ̼ҷͣСˬоһƮƮɵĸо
鶯˼£һ͸оֽЩΪˡæմҷҺ˵ץţſȥƨ̡ͬҷ˳İһķԸȥԲβһǰ߸ߵһַסҷϸӺ潫ٴδҷʪȵǻڡһΣоˡѾȫȥˣΪñҷȣһԸɡҵһӲִҷʪȵѨ̡
ǿҵĿвͣϮһȫҷҲǿҵĿд̼̲ס˵һĶԽԽ졣
ҷİҺԽԽ࣬һܸ˳ĳ룬ҷѨǻϤĲٴγ֣С㲻ͣţһаˡ
һһҳ£ҷ﷢ھҵһеļԶһɹ̵İҺҷ籡һĹͷ̵飬ҷŴ̼Ļ´ﵽ˵һθ߳
һȴҷӸ߳лָܿ죬ҷǻ˶һһƨƴʶҷһִ΢΢زҷͣشӱǻ﷢ĻһҷҲ͵øˣǱ˴˵Ŀһǿҵĳ̶ȡ
һ߾ȫƴĳ鶯ţͷҰް㷢صĴϢҷһĿͳ̱ԽԽ̴ˣһһȼյĸӵҡ
ַĳ鶯ûгãһͿʼһľΣͷ͵øˣһαһθĲҷǻһֻǰһƬǹҫ̲ס˻˵㣬ҪˡҷҲܵһ쳣ĲҷվһҲڻһоյʱҷѾһһңһֻһմҺٵ׶
һһֻæҵҷںݺݵԲ鷿һֻֽҷķΣҷĲǡһ侫ǰÿҷۻСֵĶ̼ÿһλһ̲סǿҵĴ̼żֵĸо㴫ȫһСǰͦţҲζɫľҺӹͷСǰͺ̵˳ǽڡذĵǡ
ҷļԺҷһϴ裬һɬܽԡңȴŷϣһûԡԤıԡﶣ˵ˮˮϵ˳ҷĻߴǷԸе£һֻʣﾡ񻶵
ҷԡҳʱһסˣҷһ͸ķۺɫԡ£ڹӰ˿ڲסһ˫۵Ĵ͸ҷǰǶԼͦʵ鷿ʹм߸¡һǰһ־żľһĺ
ҷµߵһĴߣƹŤɻƣȻµĽǼ͸ķۺɫԡ»£ÿһһҷı飬ȴؼɷǰһȻûŪûֻ΢Цбһ
ǰҷЦȻ㷢бҼ磬ѩ˪˫ڵƹ»Ļߡ촽΢Ц̵Ľë£һ˫˻ǵ˫һ
͸ĺɫ˿ֱҷԲͦε˫飻۰׷˫ɼ䣬һ͸ĺɫ˿ǿ㣬мС¡Լɼһ˿죬һºͷһɽҺͻȻԼ΢΢ķ°Ծطǡ
һҷһᣬٿأҷһǽĵӣǣ˫ʵ촽໥ĴӴһɲǣҷ΢΢ſС죬һ£һĿУͬʱҷһֻסһѾ߸ͦıսһһؼ磬ͬʱ³ۻ⣬һסһͷ
һͷҷ⣬촽˱ҧһһַסҷĺӵǣһҷϸĻ΢̵ķߣһ濪ָḧҷȵڲɼ䣬ҷԾ΢УһһȲҷ˫ȼ䣬ڿĥҷ˫ȼǸ߸¡ššҷŤĽʹһܵļѹһظܵҷôȣ¶ôĸߡ
ŴҷﴫȶԽԽߣŤҲԽңҷǵش߸¡һȵĦҲԽһҷǽߣǽڵ֧ţһϥ㣬һϥҷ̵Ĵڲ࣬²ĸоһĩңʹһøӴ̼
һ̲סҷ͸ĺɫ˿ǿ㣬ʳָָʹҷ¡ѨɢʪϢŽ˽ĺɫ˿һָ䡣ššҷһŤţ΢岻һǰѹβ΢΢ҡšһָҷҷĺɫ˿ǿڣŨܵëḧҷʳָָҷСϲŪţòҷ𽥿ʼ١
һ£ҷһ΢΢ţڱǼţͷһҼ磬ż̲סҧһ
һҷתӺ滷סȻҷִۣ˫ִҸ´ʵǰסҷ˫飬ָۻ⣬һеǶСһĸŪӲ
һͷҷķ۾Ϸǻҷķ㣬ҷԴѹֵһ֮ܵҷǶָеԵ˫ȥ˵ţ̰㣬۰͸ŵ죡ڵĽǶȥҷʵ鷿Բʵⲿ΢΢ϹۺɫͷҷϢزߵ˯ѵСһʳ
һҷʱҷԾؽͷһҷĶʱҷֲԾذͷǰҷһֱסһıŪţһֲ濪ָҷڲวǵشʱҷ岻Ծغ󹰣Ťš
һ̲סٴνҷĺɫ͸ߴ˿ڿҷ嶶ĸ΢΢ſڣϵءŶһɱǼͷĵͳ
һٰҷ˫ϥǰ˱ҷԲĶۺƽ̹еԵСҷ̲ס˫ַһͷѹһ˫ȵ˽ǲ㱡ĺɫ͸˿ǿ㣬һҷﷺĵİҺɢķ㣬ʹһӲͦһ£ҷ˫ϡ
˱ҷԲʵһܣУҷ̧ȣѨĺɫ͸˿ǿֳһʪ仡һԥһں˱ȥ㡭šҷѹֵһͷѹøҷĶҲһˣһҷŵڴϣҷԸеƽţѩ׳ͷƵСɽһָŪͦڷ嶥ķۺͷֻѾǴ˺ܶ࣬ҲѪ˴ϵСԲ
ҷͳУһͷҷ˫䣬ſںסǳԵͷһǴͬʱ˱ڳ㡣
һֻ̧ҷ˽ССɺɫ͸˿˿ǿһҷĺɫ˿ǿ£ȥҷڣҷ˫ǵشĿͺڵķ뷼ӳµĴ⾡۵ףҷһס壬һ߱ܵؽʹ˫ȱܵ΢Уһסʵڲס壡𣡱ôˣ˰ҷһ½һһҷ壬˫ſҷĴȣҷ˫˫ȵſʹһؿҷ˵˽ȷۺСмۺɫСϪҷ΢ĴϢ뽿Ĳ¡СݶţƬҲ䶯š




091¡ϰĳ

һҷ˽ͻ𣬺ŴѨɢϢ۵ζһһɰĸоһҷ۵˫ȣϸ⻬ĸоһǿҵռ
һָᲦҷԴڷʺ˫ҷʱŤȪɻм仺ڳһָסද֮ҷĸҲˣ
һſչָܹ˫ֽҷٸƤƣ˱ҷѨͻ¶֮٣һʹҷԾؽβ߽ͦҷŤ˫ȣͬʱѹֵţһⲻҷԴڳƵĴڴתʱ١ʱ˱̽СϪһŶҷһУһֻ˫۸һ˫Σֺһͬʱһšҳˡ˼䣬ֻСϪҷһΣڳһɰɫ顣
һҷֻ淺һСҷ˵ҪҵҪһʵ԰߳ҪԭʼҷͺŽˣһתͷȥҷǣȻ˳ѹȥ˫ҷ˫ȼ䣬ſȣȻСһҷȽ洦Ǻ޵ëҷȳſĽǶȱһԿҷһ˿ۺɫ䶯㻵ˣҷطһһۣٿҷḶ̌һԳһǹҷһԴ˵һ㣡磡һҷѨǻߣʱĥѲ٣ʱò۵İʱѵˮƵǳĵѨڣҷһĴĵҷ뿪촽뿪شϢУһҷ͵Ķģ
ҷ֮ʣסͦ˫ͦһ⽫λҷԸˡⶺ˼ҡҷһŤ֫ӱǻ﷢һҷֽ̬ͣؿһƴĴ׳̴ҷѷĳֵѨڡҷڽ¶ֹʵı飬ѹ⻬˵Ȱڵһıҡÿ貿ײһӭһĳ塣ˬ㣡һ˫ٴθҷǰȻͦ˫飬ʵˣŶһϲĸоҺƯƶϣҷһҡ˫һĳ壬һ߶ĻӦһ
һҷĳɻأ½ٸɧѨٰһᵽֻʣͷ붴ںֱǳһнĺҷŲҡһֵ԰¡
һҷǽԵĽһ˫ۣԵƺţͬʱһһûҷĻŨܵëˢһңҷǽܼеһһ飬۵һĹͷˢţһƵɹͷԣʹһ̲סͷ
һŭϲųѪѪܣʹҷԵխһȵĥ档ͷȥֻҷʺһĳͶϽϳมมҷвסѹţ΢ţ𽥷ٵĺŷӭһĳ壬ԴѨ˱һһҷĻƽϳƽҳŪµҷһˣһ˫̲סһıҡţ㷢ɢҵѩ׵ķ۾ҷһŪḶ̣̌Ľϴϴٴ죬ڶมม㡭ںУֻҷͻȻ˫ۣͷҾһζţҷƺøխᣬĶ쳣ҺӿȪд̼һǰȥҷ߽һ˫ץŴ˫ڣ˴
ҷݽҧ촽һӣǿʶһ󣬿ؽšรð𶯡ҡûˡˡˡһ˳ҷ⣬ҷĿɽ𤣬Ķֻҷ˱һĹͷ¡죬ӿ̵һΡһȪӿĹؿڣһþҷ˫ѹزʹǰ༷
ҷ磬һȪһֱӿͷҷԴߡһ߳šรҷһ裬һ֮󣬱ȫ̱ˣҷزţƴϢ˱һð̵ġǹһѹҷϣɸղŻҷŰĴ׳ҷʪήСҷǻĸ߳ֻż૵ŶˬˡˡҷϷйһԺһסС˹ȥΪҷѾ˲ٵʱ䣬סСݵʱѾһˡ
һſڣȴǽŵҪŵһʶʲôһģ¶һ˿Цͳ˱Կף˽ȥһ֮ԻбԿףΪҰģڸⷿӵʱһѣȴû뵽ʱá
߽һҵţȴһ˶ûУ֮£һŵ߽ңһӰڴ˯״ʱ򣬻һֱ˴ߣУһСģԼһСŪʲôٶӶ˯츾ᡣ
ԼĿ壬һоһɵɢ˳뵽Լı棬ŵɺŵϢԺһвɵ΢΢һΪ츾ǲģȻƣʹñͺĶȹͬĵڶ㼡һĽı֮ϣԲ̵ͦһǰչ˳
ڶȹİ֮£ôĽʵôĳ˵ԣ˵ϢȴõĻʦҲģΪʦֻܻΣȴ񣬻ɫһողҷ﷢йˣǲɿƵĸоԼĳһλʼô
͸ͬĵڶ㼡һİԲ̵ͦĶȹһĿĵγɵͬһӡӡһȻ֪ǽİŷСˡ
ʱһͬ´½һǰһһΪ츾ƣʹñǴ˸µĶȹȹ˻ȥֻĴ˸ѩ׶ʵ¶ԼǰҶȹȹڻĴ֮γһεĿ϶
ͨĿ⣬һ֪ԼλúʵĻӦÿ͸εĿ϶Ŀ뵽Ķȹ֮ڣ͵츾֮С죬ӡ֮µӣ뵽һһڿˮһᡣ
һʮֵľȣһʱѲ֮£һ̲סĶ¶׵ĹвͣĵƣȵһȫĶԺÿԽĿ˳ǸεĿ϶뵽츾֮ȥ
֮С֮µԺ󣬾һһ׼ȴǸǰ˵һĻ̼Ķһ۾Ҳ¶һĿ⡣
һʵİɫŷСϣСĹ˳˿̣츾Сͬһʢʻһģһǰŭ
˵һĻһɵһҪѹסЩһһһЩһһЩֵĳһλȻ£ԽļӲ
Ϊһһһͷ֣һɴһ˿ִһ˿ɧϢԼı棬ζһһ֪ˣ֮µķСɢԭ֭ԭζϢˡ
ϢһĴһ˿ɬͬһ͸˵ƻһģ˴˻ζ뵽ԼǰһοСڳ֮µ˵ӣһָһʹԼС̰һŵɢ˵һôܲΪ֮˷ء




092¡־ӵĻһ

˯֮УûʶԼܵĲλڸ͵ţϻ¶żֵЦݣֻƤ¶棬΢΢ŵĺɫëڽʾ츾Σһٽ˯е츾ôоõëء
֮ͬһ¡һˮˣͬʱһҲڽİӵ룬һƬĿʪţƬʪ·žӨĹâʹһ֪ƬʪǱҺʪģǸСĿˮʪġ
һͷǺ޲ýͷ뵽֮䣬ȥʪһģҲ͵ЩҪ˿Ʋסĵزˡ
뵽ɷ˵İСϵʪţһԿ϶츾Ŵء
ȻһϣһҲ֪ˣȱ۰ĺǶôĿͼį츾Լǰһ˿ỳɣԼھǿҲһԽ͵ġ
һȴûΪֻռһΣҪ᳤ԼŮˣҪﵽһôԼһҪ츾ĸԸĳԼ£Ҫһ㣬ǿȻǲеġ
ȻһпòˣȴǿסԼĵĳ嶯ֻ۾ˡ
ͻȻ䣬һ¶һ˿ЦӻͳֻԺһָᶯ֮µķС죬޳ֱĴˣ֮ķ飬Զֻ֮С
һѹֻˬ뵽ԼոеǸߴӢˣһŵָƵϲɵ¶˼ߺ죬ȴû뵽ԼгֹˣոˣһԼ壬ԶĶֻ档
һ֮˳ļʵΪ˵̼޴йˣԲŸıҪѹ뷨һ߳ԺһȲĸ˵绰꾭һĵԺѾ˺һһĴ̼ڽӵһĵ绰ԺڵĴӦԼĵصԺһȲĽ§˻һɫĴͼȻš
һãԵøĶˣһ˫۾һʱ򼸺Ҫγˮһںϸ˵ٸ鱥˵ɫ
һͷٵĳڴɢŵĽɫ󣬽׵ȹгĶߣ˵޳۵ľ˰
һ§ڻʱŮеĶ˱ǶʹһȻɼۺɫֺûܱȫסķأһů⡣
꽫һСһο̵ȫĬĬСÿλɢһһܵӣȻһЦڴϣСĵ̧һȻϣĽһ봩ڿϥǣԽͷ̧⣬ɾϸ۵С̽סһһֻһҺʹ϶ظ
ΪʽԵʣ걥ͦ鷿Ǹ߸߶¶ջħ¶·ڲõĳ¸ľӨۡһڳ˯԰˿ˡһȻȻӦ纣ӿһůСѸٲˡ
Եĸоһһ۲תϲĵһһۣԵ˵Ľġһ죬ǰЦһûɿƵһĲɵһ޿ֵһϸĵһҿ¸š
һ૵ţḩ̈֫ͷЦصһһۣôôʵһĵӴϸ֫Ħţű·һظܵۻļԵŤһ£ĬĬķһᱡ
ů󻬵СиӵĲһĳ嶯ǿˣһ̲סͦ塣̲סЦˣϸָһͷϵһ£˵࣬ôżôƵһȫˣ갧ţɩңҺܡЦӯӯһ˵ĶҪҪȥҽȴһŨŨĵ⣬һһʵƽ̹ĸḧţһȴļ׶šһ͵øˣ򼫶ȳѪͨĹͷһЩճճճҺʹܸ󻬵Ħһ
ģĶӿˣļɷǳǳܴһõĴ̼͸οһһһĿȴԼεأӴ⴫ĳڵļžֻСֿ׶ʱͱĦһ޵Сķ񵴡
һûֶ֧þ緢ˣŨҵľҺһһɵ˳ϱʪ˺ܴһţҲմһճľҺȵһľȫƽϢŽմҺִӱ³ϷŪһǰһΣ˵ſʲôζֻϻ۵۾ȫưЦ⡣һůľܰʲôζ˵ζԼţһƤ˵ţóóñմһľҺָбۿһȻ˸ơ
һ˲䱻ȼһļɴӣ˸߰һѾ˵ڿ㡢ͱףߴӦһ£һ˵ţһ˹ȥٽŵʱͷ˸ۣһ˵ϴһ㣡ȻŤŷȥˡ
һ۳׻ˣһڲϣﴫĻˮȻոʹķйһΣոտķֵɧһ糱ˮӿһǿҵĿ壬۾崿աӯ鷿ϸ֫⻬޳ĴȡСɾȴֻȵ촽⻬ƽ̹СůѨһԺζλðĿ֣һתлĽģĴ̼һѪš
һСһů⣬ֲ壬סԼӲȵһҪйҪŮ˵οһļį
֨һĵĿˣһƵƹ˽һ΢۾߽ӰвɵһϲȹԸɱ档
һ磬һĴϣһ§סϸ֫һѸǰȻͦ˫壬źþδнӴ͵شϢţҲƵϣһȱߣӲһĶߣһܷպ۵촽
ϴԡ˷ܼȼһѷڵѪһͷǰȲ˱۵촽ͷסڱ˴˵Ŀǻﷴĥ
һȵİȫϳԿƵ̽£һһһݽ۵СС
һһּĦһָ̽Ժ󣬽ķг¶ڵϣȻ촽İ촽š
ֿٵ׶һ﷢ĺһŴĿУ˺һɿ촽ҵĴϢţһԭôһӵһָ·飬һֻĲӴȥָͷѾ΢΢ͷŪ⽫ѹаа˵㻹ţֶԼϴģҽһȥ겻һŪһĻŤ˵СɫǣֻйԹԵˡһЦżǰĶӯһָ½ûȣҲ̲סĵƵ
һѵҪȹӣЦһı׾һıվڴߣ˵ԼͽǴүĿɡ˵ָҵͷ£ԺһЩεȹӣСӯ˼£һȹԶ£¶˵ӣΪ׼ûκ£׵¹ҫ¸ˡ
һǰɢ˵һֻ촽ɿʣ촽˵ָᰴһĴϣĵ˵Ǵүű𶯣ÿСΪ㿴׹ԲԡںڰеĲԵұħסһĽһϵıȫ¡ٽһڿ㻺£ƾһ߰һбָӡڴһֻסһһֻĦһңᴿպһӾγǿҵķʹħĻһǰ




093¡־ӵĻֶ

һſе㣬ٸΪԼ˼еİһֶоǿеһԽԽԽԽֽ֡޷ݣÿ׶ͷһͻСָͷ͵ָš
һлȵĿڴǵչӡһڴУԼ۷鷿һңһסһſСĺȥ
һĹͷǻľͷǹϤĿٴӿһȫʪխǻһͻеĲֽ껬ͷܵĽӴſǻ˶һÿһÿһͻİš
һĿʱͷƶһ³ֻ¹ͷԺůܵڹͷı氮šȻٴνһ룬ѭ˶һĿǻڸĸŪһϮһе֪񾭡
Ϊţһ޷ƶֻнļͷػĴ̼סһƣԱһиĲֽůʪȵĿǻ
Ĵ̼£һ̲סٵĴϢţʱ͵͵ĺеעһķӦ𽥼ӿͷĶ£Ժ㷢ٴɢȵһĸ䡣ͷ˶һСһδĻִ̼һĿγһĴ̼һ͵˱ıԵ
оһ쳣͹ͷĲ֪һ߳ı˼ɣȫһһܵĿУһδһĹͷĺһȫůСĿǻ
һľһӿ켴߳ʱٵ³һֻǽĺһĹͷ۵СסһͦʪƵܵ׶ʮʱ䣬һһƬհףɵľҺ侫ǿҿһβ©ȫ̽
ʳԾĺɰּŪһһ쾡µĽеľйͬʱ콫ЩŨҺ̽ӡЩڴ˿̴һǼȵ꣬һͦŶӾţĿǻںžҺ
СɵӣŬһڲľҺֱһ֪һ侫ĲӦڣûĶֻǱԭʽĺһͷɥͬʱۻͷŪšȴٶ
һӿеĸָ߳Сһů꽫һľҺȫʳԵʣؿﲢû峿⾫ҺζȻһɵˮζ
һĴԳĻ롣Źһ̧꣬ͷһǧЦ۵ĴմЩһľҺŰĽıӵһҡ
һ۾ԺͻȻӿֳҷһǿ½飬һСʱָ߸𣬶°ϡǵһĹͷڣȻϥ֧һϣشһǰ
һſںסѾӲͷҧͬʱĴ鷿ƺԳһı﷢һؽԴڴһ°ͦһĹͷоһƬϡĲݴԺ󣬴һƬˮĵء
̽Ų׽һСʪǻһδһĹͷĦ治ӿˮһĹͷճʪܵġ
ڣҵѵλã꽿СһС漴һϣһûȵ֮С
ʪůǻڽůڽһеýģһ˶Ĺͷﱻ󻬵Χ
һԲʵβ۵ļþţһֽƷĸоռһĴԣһֻҪһӡ꽿鷿һѹЩΣҵǰ䶯ţһزͬʱĶֲͬĦĿСһĲɵ̾˿
һָĶβ»ȥҺĸɹﰮšֱ壬ĴȰڴϣʼҡ³鶯š
һĹͷʽĸıǳĽڡǴҪըĳ̶ȣխģÿһһ˸ǿҵĴ̼İҺѨĽϲøʪͽܡ
ԽԽˣﲻͣطκ˶嶯ĶԽԽ죬һҲ̲סҲ˵ʼҴϢţǻЭ
һһ㹥ۡصĲ֡ǴߴһĺŽǣһͦС׶β΢΢ŮʿһԾţдǵĽϴɿĴǵȫ
һ̲ס۾һԷӯ鷿һԼչ߷ɵС׸ǰţ˵鲨۾˫֧һʪǰһϾ׷Ѱֵ¸߳⻬۵ļϲ˾Өĺ顣һӸһĿУβֵԽԽ󣬼ӿ۵ǻһӲĦٶȡ
ſһ񾭣ֱײһĴƤ㣬ĶȻӿ죬ҵһص׶˼£һٴ͵ʱͻȻصصһϣһĹͷһδĿռ䣬ƺиССεعסһͷͻĲλһɹ̵ҺһĹͷϣȻĵ£̱һϡ
һɹ̵ҺУȫ̵һһ֪ԼҪ߳ˣǽסβƴ׶ҲؾһĹͷٴεǻСʱֻͷƤһ飬ɴɵľҺȿֺĴӹͷǰ˵Сȫůǻ
Ϣ죬һںüŮ˵ϷйˣϣһԽԼ˼ҲȥΪ֪һϰʱ򣬻ʲôԼǱĺһЩ
һһϰ࣬һ칫ȴоЩɺɺҲûǰڿԼԺҪ˵ЦſʼһȻо죬ȴûзϣ°Ժ󣬱˵ԣʼһµĹ
ڹһȴͻȻɺɺСĽԼһ΢΢һ㶣ɺɺڰ칫˵ǴģСĽԼǵһأ֮£һתͷɺɺһŵָƵ¶ѯʵı顣
һ֪ôˣˡɺɺһתͷԼһصĵȻѹסһȴоõ֮޷ס˷ܡ
㣬̣ôһСֵӣǵģССɽʲôѽһɺɺһ˵ɵΪɺɺĴСֶһۣתɺɺİ˹ӣ׼
һһΪȻӣɺɺƺЩ鼱һߵһǰ˫ֲϣһ˫ˮĴ۾ǿһ°칫ȣûԺɺɺתͷһһҿûдС֣֪ôԺǴˣҲڹءɺɺһɫĴĳһֳϣʹ촹һλãÿԿõɺɺһѩ׶ķڳĽ֮µӡ
һİ֮£ɺɺķ鿴׵˼۾ĺһһģһֱ˵Ϣͬʱһ˵ζɽ֮ɢ˳һ΢΢һ֡
ǰһȻԼɺɺһʱɺɺĽʵԼı״һĻԼָоֹ⻬ĸо뵽ЩһɵİһڿˮĳλҲɵ˷Ӧ
ɺɺһ˵һɵĻһЦɺɺǰ֮ķ飬ĵ㣬֪ûС֣ȴǴˣģ㿴㣬Ҵءɺɺ΢΢һ㶣ϵģɺɺʹһԼһڳĽ֮µķ˵ԵķϵɫԵĿ֮һ˵ĻˣһŵָƵһ֮£ɺɺɵİһһۣ˫ҲԼؿϣסԼǰĴ⣬ȻŶһһ˵ʲôѽں˵ء




094¡ҧѧһ

˵ɺɺһ£ڿһΪҲԼǰĴЩʧԺæŵһҸ˵ģ֪ôԸ򳤸˸ˣ˵߰أһίһΪ˿򳤣һΪءһ΢΢һ㶣֪ȻСϢ˺ܶ࣬ЩСϢ󶼱ģɺɺ˵ôаۣһ֪Ӧˡ
һĿ֮У֥ǿḻ棬࣬ε򳤸ϼǴӱĵطѡɲ򳤵Ļ֥ɾɽ򳤵Ĳѡˡ
ؼʱ֥ȴ˸ˣǨ֮·ϰһ޴·Ȳ״֥ǲʵģԱİЧʣȵ֤ȹ֥̽ǿ϶ϲһε֮ġ
ǨϢûдãȽϣѡ򳤵ĺѡ֮һ֥͸˿ˣɽкܶ˲ʼįģûȷɽ򰵵һǰӿеֿˣһ֥һΣֻ֪˭ˡ
ԼĻԺһ¶˼ı飬ɺɺһŵָƵϲɵ¶˼ִı飺һôûƭɣ鶼㲻˴µĻҿɾ޻˵ˡһ˵ͷվߵɺɺͻȻһ֣ɺɺڶȹ֮µķ˵ԵĴ˹ȥڸоһϴĵԶĸоԺһɵĻһЦ㣬飬Щһ뵱ٵ˵϶һµģǺȴ޹أ˵ô㣬ôŪ㣬һĴءһĵɺɺ֮ϣžһɺɺһڰ칫ɺɺһŸһĵЩ۵һֵĵһѽǰ칫ѽңͲ¸˿ôһһЦֻĴɺɺַŵ˱һ·ϴŵɺɺϵԼһģȻһŻĵ㣬ʲôѽڰ칫ֲһεˣ㵽ڲ֪ôһ˵ûԴӸһԺһֹһεڰ칫ĥɺɺɺɺƺҲִ̼һģڰ칫ڱĵطӵķŵÿҲӵķɧһһ˵ɺɺһŵָƵøԼˣҪֱ漸䣬뵽һ˵Ķʵ飬ɺɺҪֱ棬ȴҲ֪εĿڡ
ɺɺվӣһĻһЦڻͷһ°칫ȿһԺһͻȻһץסɺɺͷѹԼĿ粿˹ȥ
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ɺɺԼǵԼӣȴһĳ嶯һӱ޿ɶһĽɺɺͷԼĿ粿ѹţһһߴϢŵ㣬˭ôɧģЩܲˣҺһ£ҲԼӦúܿͻģһ˶ûУץʱ䡣ɺɺû뵽һĵôڰ칫ﾹȻҪԼ뵽Լһ˷Լ֪ôģɺɺͬģһ־޴Ĵ̼ӿͷȴʹɺɺĪ궯ԵĸоõԼ֮֮µķСִ̼֮£ѾһɵĿˮ˳
ɺɺȻţôȵùһأģɺɺͷһɴİѹ֮£ĿһĿ粿ɺɺоһɹеϢһĿ粿ɢ˳Լı棬ԼҲԽԽ
Ǵ̼ĶɺɺڷĵͷҲ૵ĵһǺˣСԩңĵôôأ˼Ҫ㺦ˣ㣬ҪӺòãң˷ˣǿɾ군ˡٸĻȻ˵ţȴȥһǿ֮£ٸһŵָƵѾһĿ粿ϣһӲȵϢɺɺɺɺһԺ󣬾Ȼ鲻ԽİڶͷȻԼſӰοһˡ
ɺɺȻ˵Ŀţڰ칫ԼһҲɵĵһһӳԾĻںأɺɺһſһĦţһ߾ȻʼҪԼӡ
ɺɺ˵˳һſ˰ɺɺͷ֣վ￪ʼȻһܵͬʱҲûĶˣԱ˵ԺԼһʱֹͣƵϷ
ņһ죬͸ɺɺ˿͸˿ɺɺоǹɺܴ̼Լ񾭵Ե°еϢøӵŨִ̼֮£ɺɺЩȲĽ˿ӡ
˿̵ɺɺͬһũڲժԼµĹʵһģֻһһһʱϾһպ˵˿ӡ
̰ĺһ£ƺҪɢϢȥһģɺɺȻܣҲŪһһԼһȴ֪ǰ칫ңʱ˹Լսپ
ԣɺɺЩȲĽԼԸж΢촽˿Ҫһ¡¡𣬵ǾʱһҪĵ绰
ɺɺ岻ɵ΢΢һæҵľҪվһɺɺ̬õ˷ܵԸӣڿɺɺľٶԺ͵ǰһͦҲĵù㣬ȸҴһܶܲˡҪվɺɺû뵽һȻ˵ľٶһ֮£͸һԸж΢촽صĶһ£ַܵɺɺæһ£һҪˣȴ绰һɺɺ̬ȼӣͬʱҲ֪ɺɺеεĽʵĸǹջ˵绰
绰ͷ˵һϽİ칫ȥҪһһֻܵͷӦµ绰תȴɺɺվһŵָƵȻһ˿⣬ȴҲһ˿ʧĿ⿴ԼȻոڵ绰ĶԻٸѾˡ
ɺɺӣһȻ֪ٸڸԼȤԺԼȴҪ뿪Żܲ˵ģһɵ¶һ˿⣬һһɺɺ
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ٸɺɺĵӣһҲ޲Ͻֵٸѹ£úõһһҲ֪ոڵ绰ȻмҪԼɵ󲻵ãȻг嶯ޱȣһȴ֪ڻԼŪɺɺʱ
ԣߵɺɺԺһɺɺһŵָƵһ£㣬Ҳھ͸㣬м£ҵˣңҪ뿪һԺһúõġ˵˵ţһо츾ɢĳŮе㼰΢΢ĴϢԼǰһޱȶ˵⣬ټ̲סɺɺȹ棬ſˮСһ£ȵɺɺһ˵ԺͻȻתȥ
һҲǲѶΪ֮ģΪ˿̵ɺɺɺʵ̫ˣԼǳ嶯òɿƵʱһԼɺɺٶһӣԼͻΪܲջһߣֵٸ塣߳˰칫ңһһʹԼҪը˵ͻȻ䣬һʲôһģԼһֻ˳ԼճһƬԺһǲɵ¶һ˿ײЦ
һȻ֪Լһֻ֣Ǹոɺɺ֮·֮µķСһµֶһû뵽ǣԼһ£ɺɺҺ壬ͽԼƶʪˣɴ˿ɼոɺɺѾ˷ܵ˺̶ֳȡ




095¡ҧѧʶ

뵽ɺɺĿ뵽Լĺ¾Ȼһǵ绰ˣһһģãҵĺǰɣǺãҿɵһصϢȻҲ̫ԲԼˣ뵽Щһֱһ·İ칫ҿ첽˹ȥ
İ칫ң칫ֻһˣһԺһŵָƵ¶һ˿ϲɫڽһýԼİ칫Ժ߹ȥŸ
ӣһһ֪֮ԻһżҪҪԼ˵ˣҪĶԴһͻȻԼ칫·뵽ģȻ֪кҪԼ˵һ˫ɫۣȴ̲סϴ
˳ʱһʱͨİ칫ԱĴӣ˵Ĵ磬ȴβסĹɫ㣬ʵװľչһǰҸһһȫµĸо
ӵģҲصģȴùɫ㣬һ͸һȻ崿ĸоʣȴһʮҵĸ˵˳ôܲһǰһء
һһĺ֮ķ飬ʵ޳ˣһпٵתͷԼһӦεúĻᣬúõϳԳԶԵõԼɺɺ֮ĺµϢ
һˮŵһǰһɳСһʮҪҪ˵飬⽻ģҿڣǧҪ˵ĶˣһҪѽһ˵ⱾĻʱһŵָƵ֮¶˼ֵı飬ֱ飬һЩתһ룬һ֪Ϊʲôˡ
ո˵ǵõ򳤵ָʾģָʾֻһһ˵Ҳ˵ˣٸԼѾΪĸϾҪΪί֯ˣʱ򳤿ĸǲζҵһɽôҲѹˡ
˵Ժ꿴һᶨĵ˵ͷһŵָƵϲɵ¶˼ЦݣĿһ£ֽŵί¸ǸոѾ򳤴˵绰ˣ˵ǽӵٱ˷ӳ֥򳤵⣬ó¸ҪίǾʱ¸һǾ̸ͬʱһԸ򳤵顣֥飬һҲϸոɺɺ˵ڴʽ˵˳Ժһɵĸ̾ɽЩ˵治һĴѽ飬ȵõ˷֥Ҫ򳤵ǲʵֵ˵ˡ
ȻĹٳϵ飬֥ȴһԼʮĶŮˣһһ˵Ժ֪滹лпϵ̬ȣһûв죬ǼţȻͬʱһû۽ǵϴŶ
򳤶˸Ը򳤺״Եʮֵջ˵ˣԸһô꣬ܲԸ򳤵ôֻ˸״ϼͱò飬򳤶ҲΪģԲŰǣνӴĻᣬúõ֮ôһͨһ򳤵˼أҲһ£ҪενӴó¸ǵĹһĻԺвɵһɣȻĹٳϵ飬ǵһ֥ԼĶŮˣ£Լȴǹĵģڶ˶һƽͬߵģ֥ͬ˵һȻһһĸоˡ
һذΪ֥оҵͬʱҲڿĻ򳤼ȻԼλúõôʮֵԼˣˣԼμӹã¸ǸʶԼԼȻͲͶˣҪôģ򳤵ͼ֥ȹһء
һ֮һŵΣɲ̫ðѽ¸ҿһҲϤ֪Ϥ˵һ΢΢ͣһ£ڵõĿ϶ĴԺֳɵĿһۣΣҿ뵽˵ʲôѽԺɲҪ֡һһۣС㿴˵ģһܹô˵ˣŰģҽ˵˵ûڰ취أ˵ˣҲģİ취ˡһ˵һģ˵ͷԺһŵΣӵģôǻ˵ͨģ˵Ůˣ㿴ԸǵˣҳûԸԼҳ¸ȥ˵ٴԱ㿴вС˵ʱһȴһŵָƵ¶˼ֹŹֵı鿴Լһ֮£һס˻ͷһˣȻǰԼĹ˼άȥģԼǳǣ֥Ժ󣬾㲻ģҲӼֺøУһ֥ĻҲһ㣬֥ȥҳǵĻ˵ܽ»СС»ˣһŻдһ˵ġ
ڿһŵָƵ¶ֹŹֵɫһĸоԼ˵ĻӦǷһȻ֪Լ˵ʲôطͷһ֮£һսͷ
꿴һ˵ˣɵ΢΢һЦСѵ㲻֪¸ǸŮôŮ˶ƯŮֶʼɵ㻹ԸȥǲǵڸԸҲôһ΢΢һ㶣뵽¸ǸŮ˶Լȴʹ˼ƣһƤٺҲǽסһ죬ĻȴһԤϣһĻԺ󣬼ŵһ
һıԺ겻ɵ΢΢һЦСոյĻң¸Ůˣǲ˼ƣȴмѽǺǣһ˵ţһ˫ˮĴ۾һ¶˼Ƥı鿴һ
۾һɵ¶˼ֶ񺮣Լ˵⻰˼ǿȷˣȻһˣ뵽꾹ȻҪԼɫȥ֥Լȴ¸Ǹǰݶ֪һһҪĳ嶯
һһεӣ겻ɵĸĴЦһЦţһߵСúѽǾмˣȥ׼һ°ɣ룬¸һԸģУ̺˳¸ǣԺɾǰ;ˣǸʱɲҪ·ѽһĴЦһ½֮µķ˵Եķ飬ͲɶƵĲԼǰһ˵ˣټϷŪԼһĺ޲Ͼ츾ѹ£ץͣԼǰͣĻζŵķ飬ݺݵҲϷŪԼ
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Ҫ֪һŮ˵ǰһˮֻ׽Ū˵ķݣﱻ׽ŪѽոĻ׽ŪԼһɵ˼ֱ֮ģټϸո·ϵʱһҲҪϳԳԶԲ˵Ļ
ڿȻϹһڰмҪЦ˶ӣǱȴһӣֻɺɺ֮ķСһ£մ˴ɺɺСҺ壬ȴ˵쵽ߡ
оһ쵽Լı棬һԼϤİϢһɢ˳뵽Լı棬˵֣ԼһŵϢ徹ȻЩ˷
ڲ²һʲôϢԼķӦʱһΣ˵ֲ֣ǼԺҵ־ͱˡ˵һͻȻԼ˵©һģͻȻ졣һĹ飬ȻȤһֹӣæץһ֣һһϽ˵ֻ֪Ϸʲô£֪ϵʲôڸѽһ˵ͷĵΣ˵Ҿ˵ˣ˵ɲҪѽһ˵ıһ죬Խ㣬ſʲôϢѽҴǼԺ־һֱϢˣһţܲŵóʲôζ




096¡ҧѧ

ֻ֪һʲô£ûʶһһʼƭԼһһ˵Ժ󣬺ԥһһɢϢһԵ˷
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һЦſӣҲûͣոԼɺɺ֮䷢飬һһʮǰֻһɺɺİĵһμŮʱǰϣصһưɡ
һֵ˵һ˿Ʋ֪ʲôʱһ˫ˮĴ۾Ҳ¶˼ɫҲԽԽԣ˴һϣһģ̲סľ뽫޸˸ѹ°ˡ
һ˵ԺôҲóһɢʲôϢˣ뵽ԼȻŵͬҺϢ͸оһĴִ̼̼֮£֮֮µķС죬ĿˮҲԽԽˡ
ͬץסһֵɽQһģæ˻һһЦҲʲôʾæ˹ҵţһˣҪ꽫ô˵飬Ҳһߡ
Ϊһ֪ԼոյЦ̫ˣܲ˵Ļڰ칫һǻģԼߣҪڻҵģοԼİ칫һɺɺڵԼȥȻء
һԶȥӰһŵָƵģƺʲô˺һųԳԵЦ
СѽСһ٣ٶҵģǿɾͲҪˣһΣҲһصĳˣҾͲˡ츾ʱ򣬸û뵽Լ뷨ŮһǰʵЩζ
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ŷ֬˿Уʮֺ룬СֺҲ紺аԲ£ձŮ˳Ŀɰֺ׾ӨһȾֺ͵ڶֺߺܶ
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ɺɺĽűúܺã覣һһֺõ˱κһֺֻ΢΢ŶܻһԵ˷ܡ
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ܸ߳ʹɺɺת壬ſϣɺɺתȫҲܸܵһȵߡٸ˵ǾƷڳ˵ľҺɢԵɫζǿĿ൱ǿѩ״ĿĴȷܿ
һӺ⿪ɺɺֵĹҹɺɺת档ɺɺ˫ηزķһǰɷֻʣǿ㡣
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鷿޲ҧһڡһæɺɺߣַϸϡһӾǰٸ鷿ŵʹ²е㣬ƲסͻȻըٵİɺɺ
鷿¶ɰķۺɫͷһĳ嶯ץסѩ׵鷿ꡣҪ鷿ɺɺһš
ȻŮ˵ը˺á㣬鷿ÿϹİɡ¡鷿һ͡㲻ԡһֱջҡûСûջ㡭һ鷿Сˡĵ壬ɺɺͷرԸǲǣٸзӦһ˷ܣʼŪͷС㡭ҪһŵԽԽС㣬ͷӲˡҪͷеĵطϱ¶ĿУһԡҿ¶ɡΪȲеʹҪ˵ˣһɺɺֹ¶֧ڿ㡣㣬뿴ҵļɡڿӲ飬ɺɺǰҪɺɺ쵽̰ѷ̵תϹأһ̧ɺɺ͵ߡһˡûз衣Ըеİ壬ֻҪˣӵġһɺɺǿ֣⿪ߵĴӡҪɫӰӣɺɺСҪһẦߵġɺɺƴķ㣡ٸԸУһҲԽȡ
һҵᣬƨɵķǿ㡣Ҫ¶˫Ρ㣬ƨɣϹûùɡһʳָݷιҪʲôűɺɺеţץסǿɲҲ¶Ȼĵë
ͺ񾭹˵ĵΡһһ渧ţһڵëϰѽɺɺϣܵʧҵƨɰɡϹûѽɺɺŮ˱ʱͺм֮ˡôͿ𣿡Ұɡɺɺһ󡣴ԹȵɫʹһΪ֮𺶡һ͸ëĸдӰ뿪¶΢ĺȻɷ˵֣ûһУ쳣˷ܸš
һץסɺɺŵϡҪ㣬һɡһ˵ĻָҪ
ɺɺָסһҵô󡭡ܴ󡭡ɺɺ̾һ㣬ϲ𣿡Ҳ֪ɺɺԸƵҡҡͷָʼꡣ
ܵΰԵøȣٸԭеǼҪʧһָơİʹɺɺŮ˳Ҫڡһëָڲᵯһ¡ޡĵ粨ֱԶ԰֭
ɺɺȻȥһɻŮˣҪһ취㣬ǷŮϵɡСɡŪͿԷŹ˰ɡɺɺ˵ʱԼѪǿڽ𣿡šҸŪһɺɺͷѹɣ㡣ɺɺΪֻԱĽϣ
ɷͬζʹɺɺԡɫǿ㻹ɺɺСϣŶȵĺ̫ˡĵƹ¿⻹ǵһΡūһڽ·׿ڽҲǵһΡ
ɺɺ۾סĸԼ촽ѹסĲ棬Ȼƶ㴽ڸǡһɡһȲ˵ҲϲԼˡɺɺ£ϵͷĶǡֻˣɺɺ¶ʪڹͷĦɺɺںȥֻСϻڿ㣬ڱݵĴ˫˴Ůɷ֮ʱɺɺʧᡭʹһĿܻĻȺͿҺ캬ȥɡٸڽʹһȫ֪ʱ쵼ȨѾɺɺСðɡɺɺ¶ĵ۹⿴һſ죬촽ڹͷϡٸͷɺɺ촽˱һüˡ㡣ĥͷ⹵һ̲סһúõ˱ھҰɡСһҪⶴ㡭ɺɺĿУʹһƨɲϵĲ




097¡ҧѧ

һɢɺɺϵͷԼٸΡ㣬Ҫúߵġɺɺһšûϵɡ뿴ʲôı˱ҵ㿴һġֻŪѾΪΪˡ˷ܶ죬մҺʪԸеӣʹһɺɺﱬըɺɺ˲üͷһĿ£һľҺȫȥƽһΣɷĶû̹ΪʲôȥɺɺԼе˼顣ɺɺҪߡʲôȥѽˣһһץסɺɺ㷢ɺɺ뵽ͷúõɣɺɺɺɺͷһץֻðգ˱ȫǾҺӰɣҪҪġɺɺһȻ㴽زɧһ¶Ǽ󣬰ɺɺһסɺɺѹ£̧˫ȣСȵڿ㳶ȥɺɺ΢죬Ƚźͱ¶ʹɺɺʶģܸоóʪͷ˲
ת򴲣Ըе˫ջƵŤšһƵ߸߾ƨɺ档ιгëװεҳȻľɫʹһǺĶӡŵƨɹʪһջɫľջҲͣ䶯һٸתŻʳָָͷٸĺ߶ʹһŰѪڡɺɺ쵽Ұɡô˵߳˷ʹɺɺɫ졣㣬ͷ¶ɺɺ뿪ͷ
۾ȫ¶زǰͦһԸеͷָͷһ¡ǿҵĴ̼ʹɺɺͷ¶ε¶ѩ׵ĺͷͷʹеͬʱʪ󡣡ҰɡҪĥˡҲŮˣҰɡɺɺעӵ£ߵüܺ˵ѡɺɺѩ˵Ŀ֮΢΢Ⱦɷۺɫûë˫¶Ҹ¡ǾûһëİҴѡѾܻ͸Һմʪë
һָͻȻɺɺܻʪܵĻܵ룬ɺɺеͷ裬ȫʶŤԸе壬һϡ
һֽ§ϸֵʳָʪܵⶴζָ뵽ӹҪ̫ˡҰɡɺɺɳƣеɧһŪڵĻĤͻһһԾɱַۺɫͷ𣬺ȴ˵İ
һſɺɺϣȻ뵽סޡδȫ׼ɺɺüͷ𴲵һû˵ֻƴ塣һ㡭ɺɺһƿһɺɺǰɺɺ澵ӵǽϾһƨɵ߸塣ˡһߣѩ塣㣬ϸÿɡһץסɺɺͷ𡣡มſҵͷҿɺɺз鷿ϸɰöԼγǿҶԱȵĺɫë
ȻԼ壬񿴵ɫһе˷ܡ㣬ˣʹ˷񡣡һվɺɺ棬˫֣ץס鷿ָʼꡣɺɺԼ鷿һܵ龰һִӷƶʱɺɺ̲סŤԸе塣
һɺɺֵԼĿ£סҩĴ߶ѲĻȵӲӲɺɺžӣסһΰĸоʹеȡ
һָӺɫݴҵص죬ҷֿ¶ۺɫĤɺɺתͷҿ伱٣鷿֮㿴ԼǶô˵ʪɡһָһ¡ѿʹʹɺɺƴŤƨɡ
ɺɺԼʪܵ䶯̽˵ҵǶô龰ɺɺеԼȡҲʪ¡ҪĻֹͣɡһѻȵĺɺɺףͬʱָŪʪܵⶴҪ˵ҪǲҪʲôأҪŪҡɺɺһ˵ܻȡԽ˰ɣǲͲסˣһȥԡѽɺɺӼӲĸоʹɺɺ޷뿪һöָⶴ塣
ҪŪɺɺԸУɢȫɺɺѾվȡ˫ŹأҲŵءķƨڽźͣŤ
һסƨɣ⹵ɺɺı󽫹ͷⶴڣСѽһޱ˵һɺɺܵɷ˵룬ʹɺɺ쳣Уɺɺȼգ̲סӷĺ촽¶
һĴִӺ룬ʹɺɺ޷ȫѪҺֱԶһʼ塣ںеĦมɺɺָ̺㣬治ˣֻǲһ¾ͷз֮Ů˾ǲͬⶴнĸоʹһж֡ҪҪͷ֮衣ɺɺû뵽ɷ˵ǿҵĿСÿһβ嵽ɽһֵҽӲĸоʵܲˡ
˵ľĶʹŮ˵ȫ̱ްɡɣһƴⶴнУʹȫз֮ӱ룬ʹɺɺ񣬲Ȼ޷ΪԵū
˵ĻֻһΡаѾˡҿҪ赹ˡɺɺ̲סŤƨɣƺҪѼӲ̼ȫð֭ӹſԳĳԸ巢ǿҵǱκˮħԵʹɧζ
һɺɺǰһ屻ɵǰҡڲͣεŵ鷿ʱʱشţָͷĥͦ͵ӲӲСͷܲˡҿҪˡҸô졭ҿҪˡɺɺ϶Ŀ󣬻Բƨɸ߸ѾĳˣʣµȫǱܵķӦ
һûɺɺİְٸذϣԸԳſٸϣҵĳ塭㣬Ҳڲˣһиɺɺǿش̽ȥһɺɺɷһһӲٵسţùͷѹڣóܹײ͵ˣʹɺɺĽɵΪɺɺѵ÷ŰˣԲͣظţǶйɵúһ
ʪҺײһĹͷǰ˽ӹ鷿˱ĿУƵߣʹɺɺ˫ü塢Ŀ룬̵Ӳϵҡڣһβҵس鴤ʱʼİΧ΢鴤š
ɺɺҲȫţѨĤָ˵ıʪ͸壬ֺŵһһ޴ʼ䣬ɺɺӹڸܵоҺʱ̴ﵽ߳Ķ㣬ûˡϺ󣬻㵹£ֿʱɺɺһľҺ
ϣһվڹվϣŹóʱûȥĸŮˣһ˿ҪȥĸŮһ˹һæȥųΪӣһɵҡͷЦ
ʱһкԼһһȴһɫǮòµŮкԼŮӣһʱӡǮõͬѧۻʱʶģȻɫǮò£һעҪǮõϣûô⡣
һȴ֪Ĺ֪ԼԱԺ󣬶ԼʾùΪǮߣһҲö˵ʲôΪǴμԺ㲻ټˣȴû뵽⼷Ĺȴٴε
ԺһһϲֿȺߵߣһĿ֮У󵨶ţټ϶ԼкøУֺͬһ˵ľϲڵԼء
˼Ժ󣬽̸һ֪ҪͬѧȥúԼһģ̸ԺΪЩƣ˲ٽ̸ˣһһŴɢĶ㣬һߴǰŮˡһĿ۾ƨ᲻뿪Բβųҡڣѵһ컷羰û˿˫ѩ޳ѹ·ģµĶ֪ӲһúεĶһ¿µ·Բڴ֧ԭϲ




098¡ϵż

һ͵͵ĴͬʱһҲоڴԼŮڿԼɫԵĶοŵĿʱ򣬲ûзԣĽθӵһǰӵͻ˳һʲôŮĿԺһʼӴ
ʼһֻǰ߸һ࣬βպôһСǲλųҡΰڶӲ϶СƨмѷĦű·ԸоȺС
ɫһ𽥼ӴȣҲǰѹȷƨɣӲ϶ʼƨɹҵ䶯ԸоƨϵⱻһŪҷֿ
ȵѹ£϶Ӧôӵ£Ҳܾʹ˵ǹһ𽥷Ŵ漴ζ¸ƨϣȫһֱƣֻûĲ塣
һ׳󵨵ɫȹķβһѣʱȻŤͷ˫ü΢壬Ŀӣһͷÿֻ֣˭֪С˵㼷ҰѸٵŤͷ
һҲСĸ˵̫Ҳû취һ͵͵۲ڵԵѾ糺졣
һʱʼĴ󵨵ĸ˫ִ౧ס⻬Ĵȣָ˳ŴĴӶȹȥǽڻ£û˻һʱĶ
һ𽥷ĸ£ֹͣͽ͵Ըо΢΢Ĳٺ١һһļӴȣȹ˫ȫ¶ڵ׿ƨϣƵĸ
˫ȣĬĬһɧšһŵģŪ壬һֻּƨһֻ쵽ǰ,һ·Ͻ,һֻץ,Ժ׾ͱһǱ鷿
һӷ϶ƶƣֱȫס׵λãȻŪ㣡һֱҲ쵽ǰ棬ֱĴһֱֱ۵Ҹȥ˫ͬʱץסֻ鷿ԵŪ
˴ԼһֶӵĹ⾰һʼһĹִTȥ⻬ĸ˼ѣȼʮֽŵԵʰɣƤճźˮΪTȻ赲һĽΪڻһĹߡ
һֻץֻ˶ӵʱǸоˬ޷ݣһһ治ŲæϸϸƷζ鷿УһָŤͷͷлôһԸоͷϸ΢壬ܿһԲͷʼӲ
УһʱŤ֮һֱһվһСϣָɧ󵨵ĸ£ֿʼŤ塣˼ʮ֡֨һͣˡһʼˡ
ּTڻֻ鷿ֲһеظŵ׿ڻĲλŪ˫ͬʱ¼лвλȻһİĶȹϾƺһִ󵨵ɧŵĲ֪룬ͷһۣһװų⣬
ϴּڻһӴһ̻ŵĶ㿪ư͵Ķȹһȫһ͵ȥ¶ƨ̳һ۵ףɫڿƬѩ׵⡣һס飬ϽȥԷֹ˷֡
һһѸپĶȹһ渧һѹϣСܸܵűİɫȹƨĦһƵһվûô죬ԸһߵıҴ͡
һʱſ鷿˫쵽ò˾Ķĵ׿һƨɹȫ¶һ˫ֱӸѹ߻۵ļָĶץס߷ֿСܼܵѷſӶȫľջϣԽƵĶŤԲƨɡ
ɫĵĳ£һݣһǵĹ̵ֱӶƨϣͷһһֻۣæܿΧ˿һһˣﶥһӴů⣬̾Ѫӿͻͻ侫
һֹͣ壬˶ס侫ĳ嶯˫ִӲ汧ƨɣǰ㣬ȫ¶ƨס¹۲죬Ȼ˷һĶһȷһ²ܷġ
һ̽ͷһ߹۲ı飬һ߿ʼƨɡָ⻬ֳԵƤĴС׿߽ӷ촦ʱ򣬺Ȼ߶ᣬۣԭڿ㰡һ󵨵ͷð
һֻˣΪҪѵڿ㶯̫ˣȺһĹ⾰ᱻ˷ڼȻڿ㣬һͼ̸ı⣬ᣬڿѡ
ڿ㱻ѣ̻нֹһĶʱһϰݣһڿҲĵ㶵ʱѾǳˣĶȹסһ˫ֺ쵽ǰŪָ۵ѷͦѹ̵յĴȣ˫壬ƨɹĦһ
Ȼ˫۱˫ִǰյĴȸ۵Ļ̷꣬ƬʪĻ֡
ۣѵҺճ̶ȿԶ϶Ǻˮһץڲ⣬ͼյĴȣʱŬһǰͬʱŰĴм䣬һǱƨɣתȦƵŤȸţͷĦʪĻꡣ
һƶͬʱʹƨͻڿʼſĻϣ̫ںϸСһŬȥûɹһס̶ס壬һֱִǰַխС
ĿĴﵽһסֻԼʵĿУʼСȵнĳ壬Ȼȫ룬ͷ۵ļסĸоһ˷ܵļ˹ȥ
ڳҡУһ𽥼Ӵһֻ§һִֻ·ץ鷿βǰȥ
ƨɱؼѹһĸȻ·ǿԸоⱻһѹȵıΡһעųĻζÿֽϴĻζʱһȫϵĿδĳ塣˶ǹӵĻƨһᱻһŪġžžɣ
һﰵ룬󣬾ȻŵӵĹϣһ§һһƯĩŮѧƨɡ
һվƶԼӵĹ⾰һ϶ĴҲӦм¡֪ϵıվ㲥վϾ͵ˣʱ䲻ˡ
һʼһеļӴĳ鴤һгдȫþʮ֮һƺһҺȫע
ʱһƺҲ˽εڳﳵӱ˲ע⵽ͬʱһԸоҲҪжһĸоһѹױȵĿС
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һ³æǰţʱĻͷԼƨɺ棬ûиɹĺۼһ׷ǫ˵Բ̫ˣе嶯̲סߵأЦЦһһ˵ڿ㻹ңҸޣ治ľѽУĵ绰ҡûԼ˼Լ绰һȻǴϲ֮£һ绰ִȥϴһԺ󣬲ŸĸŮļ˹ȥ
ĸײڣȥھӼҴ齫ȥˣĸ״绰ĸ׻ģһȴֹҲûнһˣһ֣Ҳǿһ
һܺĵļԺ󣬲ûеļ컹ǵһһεļѾаˣһ֣Ű²ƺ˲٣üĿ֮ƺҲһ˿ݡ
һҳһͻȻ俴򢳤С΢΢һЦ֮£һ㣬ôˣ㶼ˣŶ֪ˣ϶ǽ㲻㣬Żӵİɡ




099¡ͬѧķһ

һǿЦһ仰ĶһŵָƵϲɵ¶˼ֲȻɫȻɫֻһȴһ׽һ֮£һƺʶʲôһġ
죬Ҫ˵ЩʲôʱȴͻȻ¶һ˿Цݣһ˵ʲôѽŶʲô˲ģֵôСֵôǵġһŵָƵ¶ֵɫһвɵ΢΢һ֮£һŲŲƨɣһЩȻһͷյһŵָƵϣЦĵ㣬˵ܲСô֪ҵˣֻϧѾ˸ˣȻҷǵ׷㲻ɣôҲֻһһ׼Ůҵϱˣеλȴ޷ȵģ˵˵ڳСܲСôⲻдС֣йҡһоԼͷյһŵָƵϣԼԿ⻬ļϽëףһŵɢĳٸ㣬ִ̼ܵһȻǰֵٸְҪһԱԼİ⣬ȴðǰļˣȴǲҡ
һ뿪Цͬһ˵ôһѻһʱǺǺЦԭһ˿ԹҲõȻ޴һΣٸһŵָƵ¶һ˿ϵЦݿһһСС;ѧ컬ˣЩ㻹Ÿĩ˵ɣҿϹˣ˵ЩǸˡһɦɦԴһ̰ĺŴɢĵ㣬ѵõޣһЦĶ㣬ɲ˵ģҪ֪ҿûôӴŮ˵ģǹˣҲһ£õָ㣬ȵŮţһԼ˵ءһ뿪Ūӣ£һƭˣոӣûнӴŮأҿһǻֲأߣҪƭңŶûС˵һģһһ¡
֮ŸоԼѾһϹ˵ѻ鸾ˣһϾԼܵܵͬѧԼ˾ʵѾһѵǣ뵽ЩһŵָƵЩ֮ҲЩŤӣͬһڼٸһһһ˵еĸо
һо紺һָԼգֹ⻬ϸĸоһһ˵ãֿŤһＸҪЦˣΪֻһˣһĵҲˣԣһѵõĻᣬúõһǰķֵٸ
㣬㶼óѽҾʵ˵ɣйŮˣЩŮȴûһҵĶֵģÿһҶڵõڶ²أ˵ʵЩһһûʲôоأ˭ֻдһ˵ӰأһԼ˵ʱ˳һ˴СɵĶ֮ϣٸǸطƤ񶼷ܵ˵ջһڰһڿˮͬʱֽͷһ㣬һһһŵָƵҲֻа빫ֵľˣŵɢ㣬һܸо㷢ķҷԼıǼԼĸооһԺһоԼһӱó嶯
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ΪԼˣһŸҴŵӽȥģ֮£һ֣˳һҲĵ㣬ҸոֻǸ㿪Цģôôѽˣ㲻ϲЩҾͲ˵Щ˺òò׵һˣҿɲרΪġԼҲ벻ͨԼΪһѻٸһĸо˼ִ̼ĸоĴ̼ٸϣһܽ˵¶һ㣬ǳŮԵĽ֣ȴʹΥ־վľٶˡ
һĻһҲЩ뿪ߴӢˣһҲΪһѾˣڸоһҪԼԺ˳һһεһߡ
ֻҲ֪⻹⣬ԺȻһԼֲûзſ˼ȴûвһģҲӭϣֻĬĬ
㣬Ҫô黰ֵŮӵĻģǹˣǰҰɡһԺ󣬵ִȻǰ˵Ļȴ˸ոԼģȴĩÿɷĻ
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һȻĲµõԼҪӦܹӦģǵ׿ڴӦԼҪԺ󣬻ǲɵĴϲƺһģһæվǰȥȻУһʼսץ֡
һͻľٶһҲɵҲЩŵĵһ㣬Ҫʲôѽһ̧ͷһЩŵĵָƵҲ¶˼ֲĿ⿴㣬ôˣҪ飬ôһһ˵һľٶ⣬뵽ԼЩС֣ɵЩ˼ҲһȻһЦһ׾ͱװɣЩʽʲôѽˣ컬ı¶óɡΪһڵǻʽȴû뵽һ֮ԻնĵģΪһȹɳԺ󣬱ǴϥµĶȹֻĴ˸幫ҵĵطӶʹһ˫ѩ׶޳ˣȫı¶һǰ
һĶǰʵǿᣬûлĵĽĿȹ֮ȥûл͵֮֮µŮҲеĲλķ顣
ûзԼ԰ŵǰһֵ֪ٸһ̤ԼĲ֮µ塣
Ůҵһۼ㣬ҾͱסˣҵĵطΪʣᣬȣ޵ĻҲҪȻʧɫȣֻŮˣǷһۿ㣬ҾԶ޷һ̵ľޣһۿ㣬ÿξͲټįΪл档һԼһ˵һʼֱЦģһԴһ˿ͳԼĶЩЦˣоһ˵ô飬ô棬һǰ飬˵ģͻȻһִ
ģһ˫ˮĴ۾ЩĸŮ˲Ը˵ȻѾ飬ҲŮˣԣһ˵оȻӿһĪĸж




100¡ͬѧķ

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ٸһ֮УûʶһץԼֵ֣֪ʱѾԼĴ֮ϣƶţԼ֮ŮҲеĲλͦš
һԼĹѾЧ΢΢һ֣һִ󵨵Ĺ⻬ļĦţǷϸ壬һ߿ʼ۽ǵ⣬֮˹ȥ
һĿ⣬Ǻƽӵģһһ׵Ŀںɫȹ֮͸¶һ˿ɫ
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һıǼ⼸ҪԼıǼˣĿҲһֱԼˮĴ۾ӣҪԼȥһġ
ֱһҲüһ˫ˮĴ۾в֮䣬һ˿Ľţִһ˿˷ܡ
һԸж΢촽Լı棬ԼԺٸԸж΢촽ͬմ˻۵ʢĻ䣬ԼȥƷء
㣬ĺҵĶ΢΢Ĳţģ㣬Ұ㡣һһ˵ţһĽͷԸж΢촽Լ촽촽ԽԽһԼֱ
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ŵҵ֨һ˿һѾڿһŵָƵϲɵ¶˼ʧı顣
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ÿį䴺Ŀ˴̼ڡպһؿڣſڴ΢¶Ѩڳ鴤ọ̈̄ŪȫһžȻ׵֣ۣԼƽţõǶ˽һϮӦޱȣ̣ٵĴĵ͡
ҸŮһ˵ŮƽĽ˿Լ˫֮£ת鵴ɲǼһֱ̬ĳɾ͸С
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һͽԼר˫ʪŢ켰ιŰܣڿҲʵβԵĬʮ㣬һϣһ£һֱʱɷſ
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һӲͦһɴ⿪˿֣áǰ档һֳϣ⿪ӣм乴ָһһţ⿪˿֣ĵһԲΡΡۣ˵һԴӣһָסһֻ鷿۷дʳָķָС΢̵ͷת




101¡ͬѧķ

һ˫ӵ˫Լ˫ַԼܵܵͬѧκӳǽĴ̼鲻Խ۵³һҵһͷ̽⣬Եһ·鷿Բ²ͷ£ſ콫ٸͷ˱ԼͷԲͣ顣
Ҳܲˣ˫ۼбסһͷԼ鷿ѹһܵѹز˱ͷݲΪášʹ˫Խһͷ᲻÷ſ
һЪ鹵ͬԲͦ飬ͬʱеٶ̽ˮ졣һסʪٸһpСѨһ˷ܳһ˫ϥվסһæ˴ϡ
ڴϵ˫ɣԷּֿԵֱֱۣ鷿ࣻȹʣ˿ڿ㻬ʵϥǣѩˣȸϸŨܵëںʪϸⷭʥʪܡ
һףAƬһĴͼѰ㣬Ŵһٲɿڿ㣬ͦſ壬һ˿ڿ㣬Ȼַʪܵȥ
ͷϸһùͷⷭ»ŪŪ߳㣬תüͷ壬СѨҧɧܣ˫ʮָץ̺ӡ
ҸŮ׼ǣֻڴһٲԼѨһp̲ͣסһͦͷſʪܵȥֻ䲻ŮȣԾɽܸԼȫûѨ̽ǳ֮󣬿ʼĳ
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һϧţѨƬƬӣԸУһһеļŴͷ˱˱ĿдֱֵһĻŭš벻Ȼۡˬ㡭ġ벻ġСѨ̰ԵС졭˱ҵĴ󼦰pޱȡһ顣
ɫ㺦ҡҪЦҡ糺졣ɫħ˵ˡ졭㡭СѨáܵġ졢춯ѽһӿ͡͸㻨ģûp飬˫ץ۵ķβͣŤͦͦСѨͻӭһĴ󼦰ͳ壬ӣС켱ٵǰǶԱ۵Ծţ㺹ֱ̬ٳźšáԩҡɫˬѽ١ƽ߹ŵٸڴ鷢ʱ˼ʡԼɧĵ飬̼һԭʼҰԣʢͱͣץǻԲѩ׵СȣҲ˲غݳͲ壬ͷƵĴڻϡ
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һýѹ˫ͦ鷿дӲʮ㣬󼦰ͲůֽСѨ泩ˣһ߳㣬ĺݲͳ顢δ⣬Ҳһһ˱Źͷֻ۰ա̺졢㺹ܣ˫˫צƵĽסһƴذһβԼȴþͦСѨŴ󼦰ͣһ˿϶Ҳ
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ࡡ̫ˡôִļ͡Ŷҿ첻ˡͻȻſӣС죬һҧסһļйеϲúͿУСѨˮһйһеͷ弤һ泩űһ飬һҪزſסûкڿй˿һĸ޵壬鷿СΡëСѨȵȲλȻӣС죬˫ָ㷢ۼա
һŻعһƵʵá㡭㡢𡭡š˵벻һ˵һֳ˶ļ͸ɵɾʱſ۷Լһ§ţղŵĲ泩ʹ죬һִļֱСѨδйסļͰٸİ
һ§뻳һС죬ԴߵŤ˼£ͻȻ§һǣ÷ԸеĽһһһӵǡҲ˱ķۼա㴽˫ƵƵ⻬࣬Ūɦѡ
һ֪ٸܴѾһһ󵨵ʣ㣬𡭡ҵĴ󼦰𡭡ɧĿһһӵ˵ášҪ㡭ҵ̫̫һˬġߵ÷糺áߡƤ񡭡˭̫̫Ҫ㡭һúðġมողĺɷ򡭡ԣߺıסۡƵŤáᣡ㡢㻹ˡ˼ܲѿڶ㡢㻵Ǻ§һٴǡ
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Ӵס׸硭ߡáðĴáþûôˬ졭มô塭ҡҶνҵˡҵĶมˬʧĽǴ̾Ƶڡ˿㷢衢㺹ȼ棬ʹ¶ɧ̬ԺûϹӰڵȫ**ĿУȫһˡ
Ļŭšٽ䣬ɧʮĿţׯĹ˷緶ڣ˿̵ɧˣһؽͺݺݵĳ塣
มมˬҪˡ˫üأ˵ĿʹɢһŨȵˮСѨй
СѨйˮȻŴִӲļͣʹһƲסšΪ˳Ӯȡķģһס侫ĳ嶯
һת壬Ҫ֫ϣ˳ĸ߸״ɰ㷢˶ԲĴΣϸС⹵¶ţѨʪܵˮʹžӨ⣬ͷһƳ˵˫״һá㡢




102¡ͬѧķ

ǻһЦһı˫ḧķΡáԲΰѽһüһ塢ץԭһ˫ִķϣ°һͦӲļʹκһٲԸеСѨǰŤηӭţ岻ͣǰڶʹŷ˶ʴ鷿ǰζΪ׳ۡ
һǰζѵĴ鷿ָϸۡķΣǰ̣ͦŤӭϣ޵ٸ˷ܵ֫ٺ¶ѣ鼤ˮֱð󼦰ڷκ涥Ѩp͸޺ӣСƵƵ겻ѵḶ̣̌ĲѨ
มˬˡѨס׸硭ɷ򡭡ٸúӴมมޱȼٽšáܲ͵ļ͡ˡˬ졭ҪˡĴ£ںԼǷ񴫵⣬⻬ѩ׵ǰڣһĺ顣һزģ͸ĳ壬Ĵ̼һ߳壬p顢ѨƬϸż͵ĳ巭泩ȫΣСѨȺˮй̵һĹͷһp顭
Ŀ΢ŵڴ¶ʹӣһܵСѨ˱ż͡һٳţҲѳֲסеá㡭มˬСѨҺҡҲҪйˡйƴ̧ͦӭһĳ̣ɲǣһȫһŴ󿪣̵ľҺעСѨѨܵǿ
มมĴϢŸڴϣһϣСѨúˮĹȣһлŮصţǶﵽ˼ļޡһᣬһ󼦰ʹСѨȻߣԼٸػӵһȸƣ۽ӣһͣزţ۷塣
һһ֮£΢̧ϰߵٸܸոһɵ̫ˣأԵһѩ׵ķżͦ飬ԲԲ̵ͦƨɣϸϸ֫ˣԸѼ
ôҲһʮŮˡ⸱ͬŮĽһ̲סѹ£ֱ§ķ۾촽ѹʪ΢΢ֿĶƬӣϣţͬʱزĥͦ飬Ȳϵ䶯ؽѹ۵ĽֻȥĥֻСš
ҲֻǸѹϵһԼ쵽һŤţ˻§ţһҧĶ䣺㣬Ҫ㣬òãһĴ󼦰͡õܵܣոɵ˼ҺŶϢһ˵һɧӣ
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һ̰һڿڵĽˮ븹УԲСѨʱԱǼȥȥĥˣ촽ȥ˱ҧ۵
һһֻҲûеظԲ壬ʱʱᣬһĴصİšһƴСѨţʱҧ١
ͻȻһһҺСѨк˳ڿĴӴϹֲ˲ںڵ㷢ſһ£һбһһۣ֮⣬һĴ󼦰ʱ޺촽ԣСסһĴ󼦰ͣ¹ͷϵۣѴ󼦰ۼԴ˼£һ˿Һشӹͷϵձһߡ
ӣһСһͰһĴͷĿһеСڵСŪһĴͷһˬĿ⣬ʹһļǵøָ³ͷżͣһһغСС෭ţһţ³ֺһţ˼Ρ
ŴС죬ɴཫغͬʱСﻥ໬ţһ벻ڽļ˵ĺãһ޵Ŀڽ̼ùͷ෢ǣͱǣĴ󼦰ͷһһСֱš
غһתؾȻһƨɹƨۣƬƨɣСƨŪţִ̼һȫ飬Ƥһδйˬ죬ǵһһƨ۵ŮӣĳĽһһˣһ׿һ֮߳һ̬Ǹжˣɵһλãӣһƨۡ
һŮķ񣬴󼦰һĶšⴽһţסһĹͷһ˱һɵˬŵԣ졭ɧáġԡҵġ󼦰͡ˬมһСﾹһļͣ治֪жţʱ˾¶ƵغһļֱŪţ޵Ľһ¿Ťţֻһ۵ĴƨɣһͷϵһɣһɾҺɤÿһζ¶ȥСһֱðĴ󼦰ͣһø
һŴڴϣСأһĴ󼦰ͣһֻеԸеСòײŽһľҺ¶ǣȻмǺľҺ˿ߡһӣ
ԼŵһԼУû뵽ԼΪϲģһΪԼĴ󵨶ġ
ȴû뵽ոյһ绰Լڽϵļ˷츴صı仯Լ壬Ҿǰһ̣Լµĵš
ɫĴ˶Լ߷Ŵﵽ˿ֶĴϢԼ⻬ıŵֶָϻһᣬһЩԼǲΡ
ڼȵĿԺڻָһ˿ƽĿԼˣһʱҲ飬֪ӽ쿪ʼԼѾΪ˱ɷͼͥĻŮˣһͳڵӡ
뵽ԼɷЩԼս䵭һ˿Ŀ⣬ոյĵ֪࣬ˣԭŮ֮䣬Ȼ˿ֵģոպӳǽٸ뵽ֿԺ󣬾ȻڰԼոһʱ嶯ľ
ԼѾ֮ˣԼѾһлˣһһԺԼԺεĶɹԼεڽθԼɷദ
뵽ʮӵĻ죬Լľ뵽ΪԼһʱĳ嶯ı䣬һֲĸоָо֯һôܲء
뵽Щɵĵ̾Ϣһÿһ֣Ĺ߽䣬Ҫϴһ£һҪϴȥһԼڵĴսĺۼҲҪˮȥһ飬Ӧúȥδӡ
һɲ֪һԼԺоȻô뷨Ժһһ̣һȻһζ˸ոٸᵽĿˡ
֨һ˿һ˳һΪֱϴģȴû뵽ȴĬĬץ˶һߵ·
ٸƽᶨľٶһзһæ˴ߵߣ㣬ôˡ




103¡ҹɫµͬѧһ

ո飬Ҳ˾ǾԼѾһΣٽŴȥˣԼɷԱԼַʽϹǲǵͬڽԼҲڵԼɷ棬ԼɷһôԣԺڵľǾ뿪һԼٳֲ֮С
ȻѾ˾һԼԺ岻ɵ΢΢һ˺þԺĵ̾ϢһһҪȥˣϹ趼ڼһϲᵣĵġ˵ϹʱļԣڸһԼмͥˣ飬ڣֻǵΪֹˣȴͬʱ֪⻰˵˵һģ˵ԼԼΪԼȻ˾ڼһԺԼľȴһӶҡ˺ôľģ·˵Ļġ
ӣһɵĵ̾Ϣһ㣬̫ˣһ˻ؼҲ㣬ɡһ֮Уô˼أԣһ֮£˵Ļ
ȻһҪŮ֪Ů΢һȴ֪ʱԼǲ˵ĻԼ˵һԼĿ֮еĵλһӽ࣬ڶŮԵ淴Լһ˵ֻߵøġ
Ŀ֮УһԼҪߵԺһᰧѣԼģȴû뵽һ͸ԼľȻһ仰
һһ˵ЩҪȥԼ˵ģԼֲһֻһٶȴ·߳ùݣһһԲĸ
ԼļԽԽոսһεĶҡ˿Ĺһη˸ı䣬Լɷ滨ƵأŮˣԳµĲԼԼȴΪʲôҪΪʲôء
е뷨Ȼ˷ظı仯뵽ԼոҪ뿪ʱһȴȰҲȰԼһ£ҲһֻԹԵżҵķ˹ȥֻи߸Ьڼžҹɫ֮лš
ۿžҪԼļſˣαԽԽڣ̲סתһĻһߴһظһ߶һһһҪ˼˾Ͳ˼ˣҺˣˡļԽԽһҲЩ֪Լص˼ĻǽζԼ֮Ĺϵ˾ͻһԲľţ⣬ҲһԸ⿴һֽ
һ׼һеȥֹʱȴû뵽ȴԼĻһؿȻۣȴһۣ֪һ̣ԼִӮˣ֮£һɵĹһЦһѱ˳ϵ壬źڰеһƬݵ˹ȥ
˳ϵ忿һԺһҹɫ˸ոԼתշлٸˡ
һһӯϸƤѼ̸߱ϸĶü棬һ˫ˮδЦʱຬЦʸ߹󣬾ֹľ
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ҵСܵҪˡ
עСյͷĬһһֻ¿ӵָŭĴ󼦰׵Ĵ󼦰һ֧20cmĴ㽶ӵǰˡϵıƣͷǴ󣬷Ϻ⣬ͻм䡣
ڵ糺ˣǹĹĵţһ˫ȲĲĸ£ԲԲϥ໥Ħţƺŵվվˡ
Ҫǻùȥòá˿ˡĿǿ֮ɫáյߣŵǻŮĵϢʱǻаϽͰ㱬ˡƵĺһֱ˫֣ѸݵѵڵҪ󣬰ɫºͺɫȹӣ֣˿ڿ㣬Ȼĵ䵽˲ݵϡ
˽ϴ˫ϸ߸ѥ¶һڰɫ߶⡣ڼȫ㡣һֳŮΪ϶ˣɢųŮԵ
ںڵĳɢҵǰڵϡ̺ͷڷ˿֣˼˵ջ
޳ȳƵĴȸһϸŨܵëںʪϸⷭʥʪܡȳƵı
һקᲱԣ۱ɡƺЩţǰסȷֿרΪԤĽ¶һɴεıٻ
ַĸ׵ϸͦĴִļ45Ƚǲ룬һǳխȥֻùͷʪѨʳһУһֻȻͨĸо
һġ̫ˣӲǲǣѽһ˫Ŀһһһ壬󡱵һȫͱ˽ȥֱģʵĸӿϴԣһ
΢һߣ˿Դӵ΢˫ۣۡʪܡСѨʪȵܸһ޷϶
һգҧס˶˵ɩܽ⼸ǲǺٲ棿һ˫ˮ۾ʱԲִɴšһһԲ˫ѹϣʼĳ
ššมมӣӣСд˵ֳﲻͣ͡ڵķۺƤס˳ŶƱˮƤ紦խһһ¼
˫ֽץסСۣԲβҲĶϵһͦһͦģüͷҧԼ촽ƴŲɫǵͨ죬ɢڲѩ׷˫ˮ۾ɨţƨӭһԽԽĶ
һѪڵر߼߹ĻġֿŪ̲סȺߺ˲ϴˡ
ޡӴӴСӡʵƺͽɵĿУʹÿһζǾ룡ֱ忪Ƭ׮һֱֻģ̣̣̣̣һáӲ𡭡áǺˮ۾ŸߴһĴԼͷС¹̲ס§һĲӣԸʪ˫סһ졣ҵĽǡסغߺţؾһšˮԽԽࡣ
һȵıϢĸҪһɵĿУץ⣬ҧ͸˰ʮ¡һıû飬ȫü٣˽вѡһǸԲĿ̬ƺߵ㡣
Ҳٵ𣿡ޡӴĥˡžһȴΣžٴΡѩƨֳһһָκӡ
ɩ㿴𣿰˵𣿡һаЦšҪô𣿡ŶϹҲŶϣɵʧĵزеԼƨɶʪġ
ʱеѵõĿ֣ӭһÿһεĳ壬һϵĳ˫֮Ƭʪء
ͲǿҴ̼ʹ鷿ͣزͷΪ̼Ϻɫĸ߸ͦ𡣴Լֻʮӣ˫ȲסؾΣƨͦš
һеԽԽ鴤ţȻѨڵһйעֱù̵֭ܿʪȸ
һˣѵõǣ̵ʱڣظоĸ߳ޡӴӴСߴ׳һӨ壬ŵݵϡܲҰɡ




104¡ҹɫµͬѧ

һɫϸ߸ѥ¶ɫ߶Ľţ׶ϸϸƣµƯˡһһֻɫ߶㡣ѽֺߣű˱ŵĽζԼڽŹĥš
Ըоһ絽ԼĽֺˡһĽţ˵ð𪽿۵ѽϲĽŪŪڵֵشһ̲סҧֺʹһţֻɫ߶żסһĴ󼦰ͣʼůʪĽƣĥĸоĥ̫ˣ
ƺĺܣͣЦһһסǶԵԾ˵šʮָͷݽ˫۵ͷʱָ˳ͦ
һһһµĻԲȦʱʱصҧͷȻ˱"Ҫ𡭡Ҫ"ţٰͷȻѪͣĵ޵Ǳơ
ʱʱķһѹֺĽκ¶ҵĸӱ顣˶Ѿҵ鸾ˡô󼦰͸˰ɣߵ͸ˡӵŮ̬ʹһƺ֮ˮһǳƵˡ
±ߣѾˮܵͷְοĴȸ¶죬̱޶ȵſۺɫһƬյķ̣ʹɫȥӽ߶ˡ
һ޳ȳƵ˫ſһĽǶȣݾ޴ߵסˮܵĻɽѹһȥ
̣һһֳִļͣ˳ûС""ƺһһ˿䡣һ˫һ޼ɵĸ޳塣
Ϻɫͷһҧס೤СһһµײСϣڽխó̡
ŶǡšߡһһͦΰĴϸСг̵ĳ壬缱籩꣬͹Ĵ󼦰϶ˮ
һٶغϣһݲ֮£ɫڱˣֻٵʹ࣬ҪҪ˫һزһеغҡมҡҡܲˡңࡡһ±·ҹǿɲİߵһ˿࣬ڽУĶ࣬ʹֻܷصһѩ׵˫ȿڼϣ뵽ʪܵⶴһһµ²ȥ򴻻һײÿһ£˽һ¡Ѩڼˮ˳Ŵ󼦰ʪܵ£ʪëܡ
СӺϧ֮⣬ֻȫμⲻͣس鶯ٵس壬ꡢꡱغײĻžž졣һƨɵŤڡߵ䣬ȳƵ˫ҡڣӵĻߡ
٣ͦزŤѩ׵ƨɡĻ߰׶࣬ʹֻܷصมм˵ҺһֱݵϣöһֻͷڣȻٺݺݵò롣
غݸϣԶסĺáÿįҸŮĿ˴̼ڡֻײĸһҽСԽǶׯ磬ڴʱ̬ԽȻĶ
պһؿڣſڴ΢¶Ѩڳ鴤ọ̈̄Ūȫ
ߴߴߴߴߴߴŶŶŶŶŶŶأһеغһ󷢽һӿİϮȫͻȻ쳣УѹѾõľҺϵسͷ쾯ӡ
ҪˣҪҪҵĴ䵽ӹһ𣿡еζӡҪҪܵС̲סˣһѹ˺ðľҺѽҰŭصػڱһ£һȻӿذΧŹͷȫÿһ񾭶ܵǿҵĳ
ȻҲﵽ˸߳ƵǺˣʮֿܡȫסؾΣƨɻͦšһţճȵľҺԴԴϵӿÿһγ鶯һŨ
ˡˡٸ˫ֽץס̧ƨɣŤ״ΡȻȥֱ̱ڴϡ໡ˬ졭ذѵ͹гʱɫҺҲ
˴·ԺһһεĽ͵˼ſڣһһ͸ոյȴȫһΪ֪˸ոյһĻԺԼѾȫٸģԺԼŮˡ
죬һϢȴһһȴǮվſڣ뵽ԼѾöûмǮˣһͷɵһȣǮý˷ԺһϷžһѽǮø§˻
ǮýһҪ˵ģǴһеĶ֮УǮøоһԼĸ飬֮£ǮýҪһ˵һߣһĻһԼΪΪ
˴·ԺһһεĽ͵˼ſڣһһ͸ոյȴȫһΪ֪˸ոյһĻԺԼѾȫٸģԺԼŮˡ
죬һϢȴһһȴǮվſڣ뵽ԼѾöûмǮˣһͷɵһȣǮý˷ԺһϷžһѽǮø§˻
ǮýһҪ˵ģǴһеĶ֮УǮøоһԼĸ飬֮£ǮýҪһ˵һߣһĻһԼΪΪ
Ǯõӭһ˫ִǮõļϻǰأǮó¶ͿУ̽˿ߵڣһסŷԲеԵ鷿
Ǯú񴥵ƵĴ˸䣬Ťܿһᱡ䲻һͷȥס㴽Ǯûؽų𣺡ѽҪ졭ס֡Ҫ˵ġѽǮõһǿнȥ֣ǮñɰԸŮǰĵ壬ɢŮ㣬۰׵ķͺεͷһȣµĴ͡
ǮýȺţѽһôšſҡҡҪˡ㡭֡һԲǮõĳ𣬼ȥ
ŽǮɳת󣺡ҪСҡҪ˵һ޶Եʹ칥һŪŴ鷿һĶȹ˿ǿ㸧СѨ
ǮþУŮеµشͬʱһŪţоȫ飬еԵ鷿ŪͷͦСѨҲøеʮֳȣЩ͸Һ壬ڿ㶼մʪˡ
һʱڿʵϥǱߣֲŪѨǿ͹ˡǮñ㲦Ūȫ飬ţСƵƵЩ΢šš糺Ǯżн޳ȣԷֹһֽһСѨڡ
˫סһѨ֣˵㡭ҽ˵òáóһУ˭㳤ôޣҷҪȺɣ갮˵»ôǮãһ㡭ɫ̫ˡӾЩɫ¡˰ǮñһŪһǿҿȽȽģˣоһǿڴ˴ֳӲ̵ο壬ȣСѨ顣
ߺСĵ̽˵һ㣬ҪӦңңǰԺ㣬Ҫҽ齲òáһһæش𣺡ѽҴӦ㣬Һúõİɡ˵꣬ߵǮõǰһվѳ£ͳӲֱͦͦĸš
Ǯþгѽ桭ˡ벻һôĴֳߺ죺󡭡ˣϿջȥһһǮõֹס˵󡭡ʲôŮϲıȻһǮ÷鷿Ūѡ




105¡һ

ǮñȫţȻļ¶Ĵ飬ѳܲһĵַһٵԭʼǮ÷Ů˵ڣסһ֣ҲʼصŪš
һǮ㷴Ӧ֪޵ǮˣһѽǮõ屧ԼԷȥԷУ˫˴ϣȻ󷴹ȥѷãһȰԼ¿ѵþǮԣᰮŪһٰǮõĶȹڿһһȥȻ󾲾һϸš
Ǯóĵ壬״һ˿ҵسϹǰ˫ֱַס鷿˽һҪˡǮôʱĵѣ⽿ߵģ̫̫ˣ
һǮߵ˫֣ǽ覵ʱسһǰķǳȺÿϸ»ۡ˫ͦǮõëŨںڣԸСѨΧģֵմʪܵˮƬʺһһϵضţϵӣСջ
һǮѩ׻Բȷֿ촽˵Ѩһ˱ʪȻҧˡ
ǮñŪĵףϮ̲סţһһŪҡˡ滵βͣŤͦҡţ˫ֲرסһͷ
һ͵˱ҧǮʪСѨѨȵˮϪǮȫȰβ̧øߵĺʹСѨ͹һܸ׵ɧ˵СѨ
һ˵ǮáҵѨ๦㻹𣿡ǮûӦţͷСɫ㡭㻵ˡСС͡ͻŮˡ¡һ£¡Ǯáڸˬζ˵꣬һôͷǮõѨĥ䡢ŪƬʪǮñĥŪɧ࣬߅ȺһĥˡСѨ졭Ѵ塭СѨһǮģ֪ڼ˷ܵ״̬Ҫһٿͳ飬һйм𣻵һ֪ҪŪܼɧһض롢һĥŪСѨ
ֻǮ˵ýţһ˼ҿ㡭㻹׽Ūҡ졭ȫѽǮɧļʵģһŪˣ׼ѨڵͲȥ̡һֱסͷסǮõѨһСѨůֽѨýģǮõСѨխֽһֳټеԲһһۣСɫݰô󡭡Ҳ˼ܲܵˡ͵ز嵽סСԩҡһĲ̵˵ǮãҲ֪СѨôСŪʹˣԭ£Ǯüһģ΢ЦԭˡҪ壬̫ܲˡǷһ˿Ц⣬Եøˣ
һ벻ǮøԼ˼ԺСѨ˵ĽСһʼ壬ǮҲŤǹ⻬ѩ׵ƨŪĤĥĿС
ڳһһǮõ˵ǮãŪܵ𣿰òãԭСѨǮãѨֳʵģһһô˵æ˫ֽ§סһҪҡҪ˫ȸ̧ȥסһΨİ
һǮãСһϹɣǮãҪˡҡҽвڡһҪϹǮãѽĥˡסϹ˰Ǯߵñ˫ۣ񶴷ҹ
һһǮôǵؽлԼǸػŴͳ飬ͷƵܼѨģֱŪǮýţมˬסϹ˼ҵСѨúϹٲ㡭鵴ǮãѨĽţɵŤƵƵ϶˽ţѽһĴ󡭡ͷ˼ҵĻˡมʹ졭Ҫˡม˵꣬һ̵ˮֱ
һеͷˮһ̣͸̼ԭʼҲϧͲݳ顢ĥġǳһҲŪŪǮá
ǮõĽ§һֻСѨʱ̡̡Ľ졣ǮøеĲѨ޿Уʹһ§ýģŤҡʱĽдม찡ˡһˡǮҪˡҲˡӴҪҪˡǮþһŪ񶥣ȫһСѨ⾷Ų˱һĴͷˮӿܵһ泩еǲǮСѨסһ㣬е޵
һйǮȫ̱ڴϣһޱ泩ʱǮͻȻˣʹܣ˫̧˫ȼڼϣøͷǮõβ£ʹǮõСѨͻͦø̣һס׼ǮõСѨ͵һ嵽ס
Ͳ飬ʹŮľֻͦǮýһƵƵҡͷ˵มǮõȷ¡ܲСѨҪһ㡭ҰԼ߳һʱβҡȥʹͷڻĥһǮúܹ˴ֳ׳˶ļɣһͲʽĲٸɣǮˬ÷ڡ㷢ҷɡ˽ţסϹ˼ҿ챻˰Ǯɧ˵ģʹһ壬ƺҪ崩˵СѨŸİ㣬µסδǮñ㺹ˮŪʪһƬĴมһûŮ˰ҿˡӴιѽһŴ˵Ǯá㡭һ¡ҡҲҪйˡǮ֪һҪﵽ߳ˣѷƴͦŤӭһĳ̣ʹѨһһŵ˱˫۽һţมĸϹҲҲҪˡһʹĳ̣еǮáҡйˡһǮ͵һΣرסһ̵ˮһйעһеͷޱȣ̲סҺʹǮõСѨǮñǹ̵ľҺ÷УסϹ䡭ɡ˰ͬʱ߳§һ𣬻ͣƬϢһй˾ḧǮǷԸе塣
ǮõõԵ㣬ټϼһƽᰮʹ԰Ǯòһ⣬һ죬뵽Ū˺üˮˣǸղ泩ζڼš
һǮõʵǮãղ治ˬˬأǮһͨ졢ü䣬࣡㻹֪ʵģ桭ˣһǮãҵ޸治ǳܸҺø˰Ǯã㻵ˣ˼ҵ嶼ˣȡЦ˼ңһҵĺţҶġǮãã˭һİĺţ´βˣǮãһԺĻʱſԽЩȻƽǧ򲻿ɶȵģҪǱ˷ˣǿɾˡ֪𣿡һ֪ˡİǮãǡǡǮãʲôһ˱˵ǡǮã㿴ҵĶӲˣ𣿡ԭһ֪ʱͦʹˡ
Ǯһշ죬ߴصͷˣŪⶫǵƤһ԰͵úܡǮã㡭㺬𣿡ǮãѽҴûкģΪһûϵ԰İѶ촽ȥ˱ʱ׽³ľˡǮΪѵ˵šðɣǰԩҡ˵ľǡ˵գδǮãû뵽ԼȻẬһĴ糺죬ɬ΢ۡſӣС죬ẬסϺ췢ĴͷӣСġǮÿʼŴͷʱ㴽˱ҧ׽³زͣŪš




106¡ܶ

һͷǮ˱ĿУǮáҺ㡭ССѨ񫰡ͷĿʴǣ˱ŪüӲ¶ִޱȡ
˱һᣬǮ³һѹڵ£ſ˫һϣְ׼СѨȻذһĴԼСѨ߳มһô󡢺óʵţǮ÷һһµؿʼŪƵƵ˽มมҵɷ򡭡˼ҺˬǮŤڵ壬һԷԲ鷿Ҳ»εţεһߵ˫סǮõķ飬ŪʹǮԭ鷿ԵüͦСͷӲ綹
Ǯ׶ԽԽ죬ԽСѨڣͷסˡɷ򡭡һиˡСѨ˰㺹ƴ¿׶Ƭһһϵĳ壬̡̡죬еһ̡
һôͷ˱СŪúӭͦǮõʶʱһ϶ŪǮȥغҺ߽УมҵĺһСѨˡҰһˡǮõһ϶Ū˫ָɴǮõβذڶԽԽ졢ԽԽŪţ߶߽еǮá⡭ˬɡǮŤֲ﷢һУĳһһԷ鷿Ҳһֱĥ˽ţมһ˼ˬˡҡҵϹ˼ҵ塭áɰ˼ҵġСѨҪ˰มһҵŮϵ޷졢ˬޱȣһĴͷֱǮõĻģǮ÷˽ţһϹҡҪˡӴˡҪҪˡδ˼£һϲٶˣֻͣ
һĽѹ£ţ˫סʵӲͦĴֱֱǮõСѨ˫ҲסǮõ鷿ģؿͳš
Ǯüͷ΢غ߽еѽһɷ򡭡Ұɡʵˡܲˡˡ㡭ġҰɡˡӴһһͣ˳嶯˫ַǮõͷ˸ͷ棬Ǯõͷ˵Ǯã۾СѨôŪġ˵꣬ʼһһǳһءһĳǮõСɧѨ
ֻǮ۾ֱעѨ˶ĥѨڣн˫ȽһŶһ⡭ö￴úһǮɧ˵עĽϴ̲סشȥǮãͷ˱ʱҧţǮáźðҪҵĴôСѨˬǮûһͺߣšСɫ࡭һͦ治ͣسǮõСѨˮڱմʪ߰ͷ̰ǮõĿš
ڶܹǮãûþͿﶥ壬ۿҪͻȻ˫ץһľӣԼԭ߾˫ţһƨعסеһ𡭡𶯡һ㡭⡭йˣǮõ⻰һϽֹͣ˳ĶصסǮõѨĲеǮõѨֿʼȻһҺܵԼĹͷϡ
Ǯüţ𡭡𶯡һǧ𶯡ģйˡǺǮͻȻӣſڽҧסһļйŨһ˺һӲŷɽļ⣬ȥȻ˫һƨϻδʪѨȴһؼһ
Ǯ΢΢ſ³һ˿˿ϢֺֻҵظһıƺԻζŸոǳɽй
ʱһһĹȥǮúòײŻع۾һûҳ鶯ѨֻǾصͷ˱ǰͦͷģǮ̲סһʵó𣿡һ̧ͷӦšóԵúܣǮãй𣿡ǮЦЦţһ˵㡭ɡйһ𣿡ֻǮý˫ȸ߸߾𣬽ĵضһ˵ɣһĴҸ߳һΡһϽؽǮѹסֿͦʼصسǮþ˫عסһƨɣԼ˳Ƴӣ۾ϸһسԼСѨѨﴫǿҿУǮ̲סشУѽơһ㡭ļһááô֡Ӳһ˫ַǮõһͳغݸţֻǮõ˫ȸнһţŶһáˬˬ۾ֱעѨŵٵĥСѨڡ
һڿٵس˰ºҲв֧ȫţǮáҡҪ侫ˡˬѽǮһæڶʹСѨһ侫
ڣһؽеǮáСѨСеҺˬҡҪйˡһŨɫľҺٵǮѨǮñһľˮһ䣬泩ý󺰣Ӵɷ򡭡ʹ찡ǮذһýģȫҲŤй˾ͬʱ߳ԽӵţһŰٴܵһ彻
һǮõĳഺԺһͻȻǮԼģһ֮£һǮõãող˵ôʲô£ڿ˵ˡǮõһŵָƵ˵ģĶˣҲȻոһܵһֺεȵĿ֣һһ˵ǮòԼһĿģһҰ˵ȵ¸̸껰ԺְҪˣ֪ôһ˵ͷԺǮֽŵϵҽѧԺﲻԶԺҲĩԻҲȥҵģһҪ֪ѡרҵȫΪѽǮҪҽѧԺ飬һܺ˵һȻҲ֪ǮѡҽѧԺƴѧΪ˸Լһ𣬺ԼʱʱʱܼԼǮԼ˵һǲɵ˼ָж֮£һǮõһŵָƵ֮һ£ĵãлл㡣оһԼİ⣬ǮõһۣһһԺǮòŵһҲܣҼȻΪȥҽѧԺҰֲҵ£ңҪȥҽѧԺѵݣ㿴ôҽѧԺɽ򲢲ԶҲʮ๫Ǯֶһ˵أһôвӦķأ£һ˵ͷǮÿһӦԼҪʾһЦ֮£ӵһ˯˹ȥ
¸Ҫ飬ѾҪճ̣򳤺ȻʮֵĿһεĽӴǵĿⰲ֮£һסдһȻ֪򳤺ǵ˼סϤһдĻ侳ĸһʲô⣬õһʱģҲû˵ʲôοһԸԼء
ԴԼİ칫һΣɺɺ֮ҺϢԺһȻֵ꣬ǣȴûзʲôһģһ˵Цġ
һȻ֪겻ô׵ľͷŹԼģڵֵԽƽıҲԽľңһһֱһžĸһ
һκдԺȴһһģһ΢һڸоһůͬʱеľҲĽš
Ժһ򳤵ķ䣬Լ׼򳤻㱨һ£򳤵ָʾԺһպײһӻصдķ䣬һ䣬һ΢΢һ㶣ȴÿ˫ֲϣŵĵԡ
һȻ֪ԼĵԵӲǱԼվصһЩٶ˵ĶԼĵԣҲ֪ûзԼĵЩء
һֲȥصĿϣŷ촩ǰɫTţпģ֫ϸ·죬ȻһΣѵɫţпýġͨеŮţ̬̫ãƨɲ̫֣̫ݣ顢Բβټ
ŲعͷһһЦҪ˵ЩʲôȻһ񲻶ԣһѣԼͦƨɣһֲ̫Ź۵һǰæվЦСӣʲôأ




107¡Ľһ

һһ˹ȻߺûŭӣڨЦ˵㣬ûû˵Ҳøղűֵ̫ˣ޷Σڨڨס˿ڡ
һһۣһ£ָһ˵úøɻɣֵܣûġһԶԣҲЩЦĿ⣬ԼϷˣͬʱһ۽ǵǱɨһۣһ˫Ҳ
һԼ츾Щ̽ͷһĵ飬һЦ˵ɶɶϷôǲҪǲϻɫվѽҪĻҵǿԸһַġüһ㬵˵ȥûҪ뿴˵Ѳҿʱ򡭡˵©죬һ죬֨ˡ
һʣ㣬Ҳѽ㳣ĸվװûӣ˵ЩСϷҶǲأǺǣСû뵽ǻûгѽҶһġҲǾԼռһıˣһһϴԼİ칫ԼĶ磬ѾЦû꣬Цúһ˵ôСҶӰɣһóԺúȵģôһ㷢ڶͷӣСɵıӣ΢΢̵Ĵǡһ鲻Խص㣬裬һҸģӣҿɾҪˡüһֵһ죬һһЦоһֳһĨɫ촽û˵
һ˵촽Ҳ͸ҺˮĻҲġװӣĹĵ˵ôǲ˵̿һЦһƤƨ˵һЦǺһһۣû֨һóܸˣ¿˵ǣֻǲ΢ЦһЦǣЦˡЦһҲЦô˵һҡͷԵ˵ˣǧЦЦߵˣһЦˡҲ̲סЦεһһѣ˵ȥ㣬ô㡣һ̬Ʋסеİ⣬վҪӵڻǵĳ嶯
ؿһʶһʼǱѵĴϣֻ¶һ˫ģŵλõӣԳԵһ㡭ҪʲôҡһҪˡһǸСƵĿɰģŪģٵвһһǲҷһתսʹӵҲٴκſ˿ȣ˵ҡҡҪȥʲô˵һЦתܣֽŵúܣȷɿ̧һӵù죬ǱƨһţһӴһڵأ󷢳һƵĸЦ
ΪһڿЦģԲŸЦǹ˺һҲһЩæߵһߣеĶһһôû°ɣҿɲǹģûɡһԼϷע⣬а֮£һüͷҲûʲôǽŤһ£Щˣ㣬УҵȥһɣңϢһӦûʲôġһһ˵ææҵĽһ˴ϣֻ츾û뵽һûˣƾһװ˶ߣԼôöһ㶼û뵽ȻῴԼһ˴һǵһ˿Цøӵ
ܾúܽһŵϵǳţǲֻˮζǻŮԵ㡣
һţ΢΢ۣһ죬һȾ͸һǰںܽһúɾɫţпϸƣȣһܽʵεһΪǰǻԲģ޳ģѹڴϵһ״ʹһܻôеԡ
һе㲻˼ӣһֻۣ۾Ȼֱˡ˵Ļʣһ٣һڴƺЩӣЦµضһ˵СҪˣոҲԺòãҸˡһŤתЦؿһһļȻеһĸоеԣĴʹһᵽķ飬һֱȫĴƺһӶеһҼϡ
һĸоеԣˣǴ󣿻СԲ𣿰һ˼ţסʣͼоøʵϧһоһĽӴһ͵ˡ
һ˺죬װ֪۲ĺϸϸģ͸ż٣һȻ֣һļһӣĪؿ룺Ҫһһɣһʶ˵㣬ҪʲôңҿŮѶûѽ㣬ɲҪǿѽ㣬ŹҰɣңҿɻǸء̲סꡱһЦˣȻͷһԽԽúڣô󡭡һ㵵ϵ촽һ£һԴ䡱һ£ŵøϵıһɵϣЩͺս÷·߳Цݡ
һؿð죬Ųҽһŵؿһ濴ͷٿһʣôˣһĵشŴſ˵ҵĳǣҵĳţˡǵͨ죬е߳ŭˣһ죬СصǶݺݵ˵㡭쵰һȻһץס֣ЦɲԴӦ쵰һ£ػɵˣ漴ָ˳̬ԺɵһһעܴܲӦҡţٺúõһ£ΪΪոһ̫ˣôҲܲ촽㻬㡭׼١˵ɴһ˫̫󣬿ȴ۾вһֻ۾ʵûʲôвҲ˿ŵá
һ˵۹ġιʲôһڳצģֻûѧС¶ݷͽУСȴˢһºˡ
һȻȴϷʵ񣬶ĴĵӿһְĽģĹ⡣ĿƵ𴦣Һһӣһݲ֪ĺ㺣ԲĲУǵľ롭
һġ̡۽͵͵ؿһۣûŭ⣬һϸ׵ҧŴı飬Ů鵴⣬ˡ
һᣬԭصİĽڱһ̣Ѿνˣһһ뱧һ롭ͬ⣬һҲб֪֪ʹһһһŤӣ˵㡭Ľ͵һ𣬿飬ԼҲ֪ԼЩʲôһһ񱻵һƵľ˵ʲô˫۾ʱ΢΢һ΢΢ЦֻüһĨɫһѾסĴ
ĴһĻҪ㣬ҪĸоС쾪㵵ţϣһͷѾ΢ŵĿǻȵġʪʪġζСͷִӡĭĸо
ɵɵǶӣһ§ס˵ӣһȫԼںδ˯ѵ̬ıУȻε͸㱵۲һӲ´Ȼͬʱͬһڡ
һ㡭𡭡ƺѹˣŤתͷʹСһ֪ô˷һоɢ˵ζãһϸġȻķӷ֮ڳ͸㣬ŵƣרŮӵܰϢ
һ§ţʹӵ˵ϣȻţȫһ飬ˣһӵذ˵һõܵܣø磬㣬ˣҡҡݵķ䲻ǺܴһˣĴߣ˶˴ϡһǱʯסһҲ᲻÷ſĵѹϡһѹһһֿסܵͷȥС죬һֻһ˵ţ㣬̫ɰˣģҷϲ㣬ζ㣬ҰɣҰ㣬ҡ




108¡Ľ߶

һһһ߿һûһ˿ŤǿҴ̼һӲӲģȵͦһСϣһѵĸе
ˣҴö٣һֻһе㣬һİ˷ţп㣬һѹСϣ̱оʲô죬ӷŤ
һ£鷿鷿һһֽСĸоһԿɰĸӣƤ⻬ˣССͷһĸŪ˽ĵѾڲ֪бһ⿪
һĸŪ巢һ΢ĲͬŴһ㣬ţ˿һдϲûв˵ҹţ㲻ˣίص˵ͷڶԱ˴Ŀ־壬ʹһ֡һ´ȥɿţȻܻＱԾϴԸмˣߵرűӣսսؿһ
һһ§ס˵㣬ҷģķǳϲ㣬ôɰôˣʱ̲סһڴϣģšҺòãҡҲ˺㣬ңɲ㣬ģԸҡҡ糺һԲĶ˵ͷһг飬شȥļһǣ֣Ŀ룬⡣һָĨĺ촽գס鷿
ꡰšһеһ֫ЩһࡢѹԼ£ЦڣһЦʲôЦΪӵɰŮˣĶŮˣЦΪŮ˸ոջңȴСãҪǳԵˡģҧҧ촽ĵı飬ʮһֳŮ˵ķ顣һսĶߣ󵨵˵ЦΪҵĴҪСѨҪһ壬Ҫ塭ȣһ󵨵ò̼ȣ޵ݣۣСȭͷһؿڣؽУ˵˵ߡˡһϵ촽ӣ˼ģ֮ʣʼḧͬ׶ƵءӭĿ⣬һֻͻȻĿӡ
ţҪ겻Ťȣһָӹƽ̹СڿӺܽһֲ棬ָֻܶ޴ܡ
һĵָëоë࣬СѨķ϶ǽյģһʳָȥŷ϶̽ڣ۵ģģѾճҺ壬һָմҺʪ۵СѨ嶯һȻƵڵСᰴţһβ䶯һԴ˺УǾʱʱصɦŪ
еΣ۾ʪԿˮģʣǳˡһǿ£ֵز¶ţѩ׵زŸʵߣƵ鷿߷ǳȻǺܴ󣬵һּһգͦ鷿ָоǷǳܡ
ŷۺɫͷߵ߷ζţۺӣҡһ캬סһֻ˱סΣĽһһСͦ
۵ļزһգ̫ˡͷմһĿˮ˫΢ϣ촽΢ѾһİУԵһѹ·Сһʱƺ˹
Ŀ⣬ؿһ߸ŪţСƤۻֵģˡ
һ˵װĴ㣬ļʹ󲻴󣿡һϴһ£˵˵ֻһЦ˵ã˵ͣŵǸʲôʲô󲻴󣿡̲סЦ漴̫˼ͷһĻ˵ٳ㣬С񡭡ǩһһĻӼ˵ۣҪҪҵǩһأɫǺ죬߲֣ﲻ˵ңҲҧһ̲סͦͦ˵ҧҵĴʲôҪˣˡšһֱߵ޴һ˵·ѵ˳ӵһѹ·͵͵һתȥſ˴ϣѹ⻬۵ĺ󱳺Բཱུķγһͦμֱˮң£ŵ죬кɻȻɵԸСһ̲סſȥһڣֿƲסƨɼҧһ¡
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һû˵ʲôֻѹ⻬ϣ˶һᣬһİжˣҲ̲סֱһһ˵һҲϲ㣬Ҳϲ㡭˫ۣٿһһýżֿȣ׼˵Ķһ̲סһرסһʵһֻǶСѨڣûвȥֻǹڽˡ
һĹͷġȺʱһִĸоһ͵һĴԣһ˷ܼˣһǰû룬һּʵ¶۵ػһǽܵġȵĴһüҪڻ
һһز룬ŵرһıһصͽУ㣬һЩ㣬ššִССģܱյѨۣһë˴˽Ӵţеĸо
һһ갡һУƨ̧һ£ո˿ֽŽУ㣬㣬漴һĶ磬ŭشһһ£ЦС׽ŪˡĿԽԽߣСѨˮԽԽ࣬һ֧ӣ鶯ʼŵһĸ첲һһЩһɿ֣ʼŤԼӣҲſˣ治ͣطŶŶŶ
һٶԽԽ죬ԽԽ󣬡žžžظüëС΢ţҲ˷һ²ͣزС
һһγѵϣ˵㣬һʣһ˳ӵŲ
һȲһӨӨĴȣϵأţȲһƯĴƨһڴߣƨмС϶ʹˮƽߺһǰ۷еýġһ׼ȥһµزÿȶӯβСѨ˫ȼнֿҲԽԽǿ
걻һɵһ鷿һµҡţ欵Ľһײ΢΢µ߶ʮеĻҲӴ̼ɵϸССģβȴԵʮ˶󣬱һΰһһηƨҲ֡
ʱĺѾԽԽ٣ǵͨ죬üĿ΢ϣţȻѾ״̬һһšʹšˣˡõܵܡɡšû갡ޡ˽аһÿβʱġһľܣһҲһαһڣһҲܲˣüͶסһҵĳ͡Ȼһƺߣһ͵ǰһˣһѱסβضһĿ䣬þҺ䵽СѨ̵ľҺںϡܡ
ܵһڵһɶĽ̲סһÿһ˵˾ʲôһûֻǾߴִ࣬࣬ٺܿ죬ǳ
һסһ§޹ǵϣƨɶһСַ鷿ϣ鷿ʱģĺ
˻Ŀһ֣ػͷһһۣϴּȥϴԡһطڴϣƣ˰Сʱżԡ۴ϴּͷʪڼϣزϣ⻬¶棬ԡ£ز鷿λ΢΢ɽֵԲػһ˵Ĺߣ±¶һ˫۰Сȣͺ




109¡Ľ

ʱĴѲֱصӣֳġʮٸζһڴϣҲµģͷɥ̿ꡱһЦˣĵغһһۣ˵С۸ˣ㻹㣿ɡһ˵Ӵ̫ˣѾˣҲˡģӣŲһ˵Ӵͻ۸Ůģһֺõ˵˭ҵôɰһμҾͰˣϣôһ˿껹е㺦ߣ̫ϰһĵЦƫתͷȥ˵ˣˣүķɣ˷ˡһ˵ҪҪ˯һ˵ʲôôУ챻˷⣬һôģ˫ֺʲҾذһ˵һõܵܣȥ˯ɣòã컹Ҫءһһת˵ţٺһΡ۾ɵԲԲģ˵ʲôɣϵܣ㡭ŸոҮͷǽϵӱ˵ʮˣ߰ɡҪ»ءһ˵ҪôãĴ󷢣ˣһ˯žǱ㺦ˣǺǺЦҧ촽һ壬Ǵһ˿Ц˵磬ǰ㣬ôôѽһضգգۣ˵ǾҪװʲô취վඡȻһ˼һֺˣ˵Ҫٳѽ㣬ҲŲҪһ˵ûأܺóԵѽһһڣ˵óԸƨһŲε̾˿˵Ҳ֪ǲϱǷġһŲһһ˵ȥϴϴɶСһ˴ϲϲε´һεǵǺϼ˵İġһһЦӯβžһ£һܵϴּȥһϴɾ˻ص䣬ϥڴϣ˼һ
һٺһЦ˵㣬ҿϴ÷ǳɾӴ桭𣿡͸ɰﲨʡ
һ˵ѽѽĴۿ˵ЦԾһèһɰĶһһԣĶʹؿڱ¶Ƭѩ
áô˷ܰɣһòԣѾ˹һץסһֱۣһֱϺݺݵҧһڣȻǺзִģһֻʹһ£첲ӡ
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һĴȻȻĴųǶԿܵ鷿ĺȻˣով԰Ժܿٶ
һڲΡΡĴϢ𡭻ģ鱾ͦ߸͵Щ˵һЦ˵ǡҺĳץסһɫǰŪ֣˵㵽йŮˣһָЦ⣬˵ûϵжŮˣҶᰮģȻˣҪҵСͬеģ𱡱촽ʣ˵ʲô˭СţһЦɦ˵㲻СޣɫǣǿģԲԣ괽ߴһ˿Ц⣬˵⻹࣬ǴɫǣɫǣɫһĴһĴˣһס΢΢̵죬һ컵֮䡣
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һֻʱץסһм䲪Ūţʱʱأ˰׵ָŪմһͷҺ
һϢ§ס˵ˣһ򡣡ŤԳԵЦⲻѾӲ𣿻һ69ʽ£һִͦ⽫ͽС죬§סһƨɣһƨһƣźסһ˱
һСѨŲϣֱƨɣҪһ빭ŲӣҲܳһֻ÷ָСѨŪ١һֻ棬ֵβϷǷۻĸо
ԡ۱һֿӣֻǰ¶ţջСסһͷһһŪţʱһۣʱĸоΪǿңʵһСĽܶȲܴܴĿУСŪʱǿңҪôɰŮſһĿ䣬˱һϵУʹһѣָɦŪһңĸʹһ̩
нӿȫʹһ侫ʱһѵո䵽ڡһ͵𣬳Ծض˵ˣոڣ᲻ỳУһһʹﻬϵҺϵҺϣǣһճҺߣڴϡ
ǣƲƲ죬磬뵽ѽղŸʲôȥˣһ§סŪ鷿´棺ղ̵ס˭ҵСôأܲһ龢һĸŪҲʹЩԳԵЦſһ֣˵˰㣬𣬷İɣ븺Сˣ⼸ǰȫġһĵظŪ壬˵СˣС𣿡סСְһֱϣʹһ£ұЦСССǩСǩЦУһѸٰѵù̾˿˵һϴһ£ǺúడķȤãʹһƽ֪ǲģԭһô֪֪ȤɰŮˡ
һԹʽڴϣһһۣ˵ѧôýţһ˵ǽ㡢ĺòã㳤üֱʮŮӣοɰ근һķ⣬ЦصһһۣסЦתſڴϡԲͦƨɸ߸𣬰۵ļԸˣһ˫ְǻԲѩ׵ƨɣ˵ҿɲѽأİıһҪƨء˵еԵƨɵһ¡
һҧЦһååһŴӲ׼ƨмСѨ˽ȥһ߳ţһӦ˵åС׼аɡһڣû˵Բƨȴӭһĳ壬ضšһһʹһķ۵СѨʱ룬Ȼҡ壬ĥѨÿһʹһУıͱˣƨɺʹȵļҲ˿˿سһ쵰С쵰ӴĥˣˣˣȺ˵ӾſǱһСŸɣ̲סʧһ쵰һ쵰Ӵҿ챻ˡһʱϲǵһ쵰ȴɫС˵˵Ľʲô׸硢ϹʲôģرУҲرһôһǱʶʼվñһ󣬰һɸСܵܵԵʰɡ
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ͬе֦ڶӯβһѹƵԲССƨ۽պţȴСѨǣϵŤΣһССǳɫջ٣ڳһƵġ




110¡Ľ

ʱ걻һɵ÷ۼ糺죬СѨ⼤ҵ䶯ţؽһס׽ʹһĹͷһ飬һҲ·ͦͣʹһײóȥֱһ
ꡰߡߡţ˵һ㡭ʲôʲôô⡭⣬ô󾢡ѽѽˡҡɡһ˵شͣس͡ꡢꡱˮ鷿ҲǰȥһץѾ̱ȥ
ǻϸ乣˫ƨɵϵļ鴤ͻͻҲ̲ס󣺡ˣõܵܣһɣҿ챻ˣţҪˡѽҲˡһĹͷҲĿУһȫڴϣƴس壬еý㡭нҡҪҪˡһĻŤƴͦƨɣ乵ļϷ˿ңճż
ý㡭ۡҡˡһر壬ȫͣĲţͷȫ飬ͻͻ壬һѹһſ貿ѹ㺹βϣֱҲϢţ˵һżٵĺѡ
˺þãСڻһһ£ȻſǶģһҲ
һǺǵЦƨɵģ˵ôˣܲˣӱｿ㼵غһӿɰˡ
˺ð˵ҲˣһҲ붯תٵؿһҲ֪ûжһϣϹǳǳģƣѼЦ⣺ô¿Ƶģôѽˡһ˵ˣǶǸֻſǶôһۣߺ˵㶮ƨңˡһ˵ôҪæҡҡͷ˵𣬱ҰɣҾҪˡһǺˮĺ󱳵εߣ˵ұȥϴ谡һ˵˰ɣԴ󷢣Ҫùˣˣȥɡ˵ģһҲ۵ÿˣֻúٺٵЦţ·ҡҡλεߣʱ㻹ȥϴһ£һ˵˼ˣЪһЪһصԼ䣬򵥳ϴһ£һ˯ˡڶһȻ˯ͷ˵¥³ԷʱһںȻ˯һ˯ͣһ˯˴ӴһȻŵˣʱָˡ
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Ȼϵŵضһ˵ôĿζҡǰһΣΪ㰮ԣԡһصҡҡͷñ˵Ŀ˵㣬˵һŻ𣿡ګګʣʲôŻһ˵˵ˮ֮ӿȪ౨ôһţ̣Ҫӿٱṣܹ̌ϰ죬Īظһ飬Ȼ˹̧ȾҪһյ쵰֪ˣʲôԳԵ˵һһЦϸһϣ㣬ιҡߵ𣬿ſҪ㣬Ҫǽˣ쵰иɱһһЦæܹȥţְڻŪСͦ鷿˵ý㣬ιɣҳԱǾ͸ɻȻҾͲ㲻ֻ֡ߴһιһԶһأһ֣һϵƽ컵һ͡
Թ緹Ժվڴǰ·ʱһͷӣ̵鷿޳Ĵȣ޾׵βγһӰ
һס»壬һļӲش壬ƺʹһֱؿҵһ˿ӷͳ˷ۺɫӳڵ¹£Եöôģ˫ӣһʱһ˲˲ضһ΢ţģģķ߽
һҵס鷿һڳͣҲŤ֫ŵĽдСʱʱһΪˮճһͷķ˿
һرʱ˷·ըƬƬƺ档ؼеܣ˺Ů˳׵ĽΪһ塣
һ£ƽʱʼеһ˫ϸһߣһҲƮʪůĿǻסһ˱ţֱһٴθ߸ߵͦȻַɢϵ㷢ḩӣεβ߸ߵذһ˵һСɣ˭Ҳûи㽻ˡһԾĿ⿴һ΢΢Цţ˵㲻һֱҪ𣿽㣬͸㣬һжرסþ˵չһЦȤ˵ôҪɾҪˣӴһһԵβмشȥβÿһ۵ļԥǳɫľջ٣ƨܵһĴ̼͵һؽУõܵܣǶࡣһִ˵࣬ÿطøɾжز˵̸ۣβһŪ
ƨϴúܸɾйĵ㣬һŪʱŸţβļҲŵر
ﱻһŪʪˣһŶ޵İھջϣز˽ȥŵı˲ˣͷҧŴһĽ롣
ι̵׽һһһãز۵ĸţزֱůˡ
ſڵļ׽һĸһʼʽĸصܶһһεײ⣬пͱѩ׵β
ȻŮ˵ĸسԾ٣ûиеʲôУֻҧŴһĳ壬һ֪ʹһ쳣жۿѩס߸ͦŵβһһز棬Ƿͳ嶯ʹһֱܿ
һ侫ֽ̱ǽյƨۣһȫľҺһҲûһ




111¡ջһ

һȻлŮ֮УȴҲû£ʱ䣬һ˾ͽӭӳ¸ǵ׼ˣ򳤺ǻԵֳˣԵú⡣
ڶĩǮҲҪѧˣԣһǮһ£ĩǮ͵ѧУȥǮȻǰ죬뵽ԼԺһһʱ䣬ȻǲᷴԵˡ
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ϣǮ绰һ֪Ǯõ绰һǰСʱе֮£һŲ߳˷䣬ùݸĻ԰ɢ˲ˡ
ͻȻ䣬һ֣콿ӿҲɢһ֮£һ첽ǰȥҪкϵģһֹͣ˽ŲΪӽܾȻǵ֣콿һ͵˵ͷʱȻһȡ⣬͵͵ᾲ䡣
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һԽԽð飬ؿŮˣһǰһһ٣ֲֹ֪
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ոյʹǮҲȶһһ£ԶԾͷһС棬ŰӲ£ʮ˰յʱڽŪӲһոʧءһȴĲɵڴϺ˼룬ﷴӽƻĳ̡֣콿ĸ߳ĴҺʱһ룺βӽܵķȥ̼һǮõеشǷһĶѨλͨ˵ĵأɧһᣬٺݺݵظһ仨ˮ١
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һһȻ˳ٰ˫ֱˣӼ˰ߡƤűǼ⣬죬Űȷ£ϥǸԴԡˮһƬֺ۵СͦӲĩǿ鼦״СƤ⣬Ƥƽù⻬ͲԲͷѪ˿һˮŷ⣬ΣһһţʾŻӭʱ̡
ջĵǰһٰѳֵ£ļͣ֨͡һȥǮƽ˫֣漴ץŴһգвʤ캰һȻٷɣ׼ӭһͳ͡
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112¡ջ˶

һ˫ַԲĹĵ⣬֫ǰڶǰ֣ǷֺʣڣǱϳɼͷµİˮǲĥɰɫĺ״ý˵ڣˮз³ϸСĭܣм䰼Ƥһһġ֨֨һһ͡
һ֪ƣظͬһĥĿУĿǮɼʵת̰ˬ㣬ֱ𺳵ĸ߳˺ץסĴˬมšҪһˡййˡޡйˡش󺰴Уȫⷢĳ鴤εźϲͣһƬܵķ϶˿˿ˮð㽫ͷਵ鲻һ಻ס˫˫߳
һȴδǽٶȼĲͣᣬٽеڶֹơȻ߳ȫ̲࣬Ȼߡѣƶ˵Ҳʵ̫ˣƨǰƣֱӣȻȼ䣬Чӽܵʽٸһ֡
ͬŲɲɣͬһСȿϼ粲ȫһŪһͷȥĽŰ塢ȥɨֻСȣһᣬձȼ
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һǳʱʱؽţɵ泩Īſڲϸߺ嶶ɸɸֲ´ûûˣüֱȥ
һһּɨСȣһȥǰץ׵ŵ˫飬ѧӽһشתٴŪ߳
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һڴϣſһؿڣСһһµÿһ缡ǵһͷʱḧ㷢ǵʵ𣿡šص˵ͷЦ˵ҪأѽŪ˼ҪĲλѧģ˵һЦ룺ҪǸ֪Ǵӽ͵͵ѧģǲ֤ûô
ڶԼȥιҽѧԺӽܶһǮۣһ߶˵һ߿һҸӽߵ֣콿
֣콿Ѿһ¶ȹһ·ժĴ컨Цģӽϲ绰ʱʱһȻʧʩӦ¹ػһӡˣ׷ŮӰֶΣ뷽跨֣һŮԼĿ֡
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һݣҲһ£ָȥò֣콿ïܵëָڷʲϣϴʱץɦͷƤƣһһŵϵƤ֣콿ƨŲŲȥܣҪ
֪䣬Ѹһọ̈̄Ӿ磬￪ʼ૵طڡ㺹졣һеͷ𽥷Ӳֱָ϶ͦ͹⣬͵С棬һ̲סҴ궯ָֻţȻὫķָѹϲ
һһֻѾתֲ֣ڵŵëŰ͹춹ִָͷͬʱͱ鶯ţˮĥáա
ܵһ˫µһŪԽԽ󣬱ʹȵĽдޡܡˡҪˡมšᡭҪɾ;ܸɡĥˡšһһݵڴϵл²
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һ֣콿˾۷״̬ŪˮɣҲٿһ֮䣬żֱֵ嵽ס
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һԽԽ˷ܣֱ֣콿ٵȥԼһ鷿þץգдزѽҵɵתˡޡĹͷมĶײˡѽ侫ɡҾҪඡޡйˡŨܵëڲסӲͦ٣ѾʹǦͷˣںë¶ۺɫļˣһССĹͷϷŵСǣһðһðһյòȥסشתŪ֣콿һ߲һģѽܲסˡޡĥҪˡۡˡҪйˡһǿҵĸٰ߳Ūò˫۷׵㡣




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һ֪Ƿܵ鴤ਸд̼һͬʱͱÿͦһ£һ£ÿһ³鴤һɾҺ鴤ߡ£žƣͣ£ŴܹȻþ֣콿δһýֱԽԽСŴӿľҺʱذ˫ŷŵͣɵھŵ֣콿ԡ
һһ֣콿һ˿ңǰһԴĴϢ¶εһۻңԣסǰһѽ§ţͷͷֱһɧɧЦ
һȷڣƬСܿ͸һĥŨܵë͹Ӳһſָ鶯¾ͰŪҰڣ˫ֱһԴ￪ʼ߽ط˿˿ˮཥ͸һָ죬һˮɣҪϧʱ䣬վֱԳ֮롣
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һ˳С̰ɨʪĴˬһһӶ뿪
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Ѿ鶯Ȼʴ꣬һ˫ƳҸԣƨˣÿһ³ͶޱȿУͷɹͷͨԣ泩һֲ֧Ρ
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һͷ飬Ƭ׵Сÿ߰ͷһ³鴤йˮֱʶ£˳ŴˣһεεصεϣʪһƬ
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֣콿ע棬һͦͬʱŲһָֻ֣ͷѹ֣콿ӹ˴ʧˡһĹͷƨ۽һᣬѪҺԽԽӲؽԽԽɽʯĿ·ȷ棬֦С½
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֣콿ҲоֱԽԽʵƨͬʱӲĸܴ˫ش̼֧סصһʱƵһһǸ󼦰ͣ˿̱˿ʣȫ׽ڡ
Сزһͣ飬ͷڴϣһʱû̧֪ԽԽߣֱ̣һоͷһŻΧţȵˣů󡢻ĸоֻȻͬ
һᣬһ춴ͷƾ֣ʵ㳢һ£ƨ۳͸᲻ͬһڴϣֱͦţ˫ƨϳᣬֱһĽǶǡóһֱߣʱֱֱ⣬ɧӵ˾;
һǰڶȻƨһһˣͷùסһ㣬ͲȥֱһĥĿķһ˭֪ԽԽɣһЩ󻬵ĸоԭֱڻڳһֻҺ
ȲˮࡢỬȴ󻬼ãֱĥһ͵ƵʿԽԽ졣
ǰ˭˵ƨ۷ֲͬƷ֣һֽСɳǬͰ͵ģ뱻ɵĶȤζͬµȻɫڶֽСˮֱܵĥᣬԶڳһЩϡˮҺ壬ؽ˳Уȥ˸оĻеȻɫֽСͳȥ˻оԽԽԽԽˬԭֱܵĲĥڻ˿˿ҺãˮŨһ㣬ȴøʹƨ۵˳硢ӿУұһҲԼʹʱһرˬУԹһᣬΪ˻ζݵĸоһٵ˽иؽȥ׷Ѱִ̼ĳͨУϲͥ˻ӭϵȻɫ
֣콿ֿϵȻɫһŵķһ۵ĽխƨֱۣڳҺ绢˳غֱײ֮
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һ۹ٵеƹʿ־ԽӼֺֿݣһһ鷿ƨƤý޴ӣһɱش󺰴Уһؽǰȥ·׷ĳͣһʱ߳𡢲
ˮȱڵĵ̰ӺˮӿܵһײĶһҲմˣĳ뱻ƨøʪһ͵øӵӦ֡һ⣬ȫעмƨϣһֻܳ󣬲ͣеԵز׷ϴԽԽǿҵо˿ϲκֹܹһͶͣ
ĸоɹͷȾ֦һֱըԵĳ鴤ȫҲų鴤ͬʱһӲŵɱľٶȺ;ȣ֣콿ʵһɸ꣬һ漴ߡ˹ɣһһڵľβȫ塣
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һһߴ£һǰĿŮҶһ·ƿţųһȥ
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ڳĿ֮ţ಻ı䷽ʽɸָͱ壬ȻȥóʵܺùĪҲ˶ΣжܱȿտնĸоãͱŰװƣƾһָͣһ⣬ĲϢһۣͼѳ˯СܻܵѣָŴӲ
˿дãֿܵͣ۵Ĵ̼ϵ漣ˣһεȻһļдӲȻԴ״̬ѹǿһġһͱŵָĶѪ͹ĳƲ״̬Ӳ̶ֱǰǿһ㣬ǹͷǵú첷Ӳʱ״ȣй֮޲
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һֻսסѪӲͦ״̬ϾȥɵǮʽؾ鷢йȴڰ죬Ըĸ߳쵽ڷ֮һŹýⳡпԵġǿ顱־硣
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֪ķЧܵĲĥ̼ȻԽԽӲһ͵͵ɿסָȻﴩ磬һĵĲŽƽǮʱҲѾ΢ҧгݡ㺹죬ԽԽ˫ƺأɽ֮ơ




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ֵǣ˿뵽ʱȥǮãһȴҪεٽӴ֣콿һԼĿֵĸоˣȻֳ嶯Ϊ֣һȴܸоõԼӿŵһ˿ᡣ
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Ȼһ֪޸˽ѰԼİģԼӦöʲô˼Ůһȴֵ츾ţĳλҲִ̼֮£˷Ӧ
֥ɲ֪һԼ壬ж˻⣬ڿһֻǾԼ˵ûзҲûͬԺ֥̲סĽԼĿ˵С֪㣬ܲܣܲܰҵϳ¸һ档




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ᣬԼҲһӾֻһϣԶҲҪ򳤺ǵɫ£ԼУҲһԶźһУ֥޷һ붼ԼҪ˵ġ
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ľ֥ЩҪ˺һԷֹһ˴Լ֮ϣ廹ûü֥һӦԼĻпϲ֮£ֹ֥ͣҪ˺壬ãһ˵˴Լ֮ϵҲòô
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117¡Ů򳤸Ĵ۶

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ԥ֥̲סתһС㣬Ҫô˵㻰ˣſϰءһ𵶵ɳϣƺ֪֥һȥһģڿ֥̲סһת˵Ļһϲɵ¶˼ֻЦָָԼߵɳʾ֥
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˿̵֥ȻжһͬҪİԼҪĲλĳȥĿԵޱȵᣬִ̼ĸоȴ֥һŵָƵúȵĸоƺҲøӵ
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118¡Ů򳤸Ĵ

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뵽Щ֥ҧ촽ŵԼĿ֮ϣԼһԼܹ֥ЧȻǴˣǣһ۾֥ƺԼֵ츾½κһ΢Сϸһġ
һȵĿ֮£֥ڽԼĿһ֥촩һɫխСסķС죬ԵƺѾ¶棬ȻһʪҲԵһ
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һη塣ָѾȫ⣬صؼѹƷζεк͵ԡ
ׯȹȹ£ӯѩ׵ȺηһĴšԲ⻬ΰ걻ḧࡢ󡢱ڼһꡣ
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ΪʲôᣬˡһȲм䣬ҲӲ˫֮䣬ϥѽһѱطֿѾѹƳݷһԽơ
һֱӶѹѳɿ֮Ƶ۴ϣڿ㱡˿УִȵĹͷò۴
һһֻ쵽N΢̵κѹһߣ˽ܵĽӴһͬʱĬͦ˴˵ֳǿҵĥšһĴٶȾĥšһ߸̣öصֺ䡣
һһҪ׵ؾﵽ԰һĻͣ޴Ļһһµѹػ԰飬ݷһɵƴصż⣬һг
磬Ҫ롣һ֪߳ܵشѹĲλͻȻֹͣٵλãҪѹեĴУִĹͷѹ
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һʪҺͷĶ룬СڿеԵıɴһӲĹͷҡ
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磬ҵԸòãеԵıɴСڿ㣬һִͷǰ۴Ľխڡ
ͷڿŪۺڵΧִĹͷƷζۺнĦĿСȻһȵڿ㿪ʼСۺխĻ̸оִͷĽȣٵĶƾЧҧͷתһصĴҪһĹͷҪ룬һҲֻͷĻһİ⡣
˫ץһҧŽıݲԼʧ̬һвס޳һеԵȼͣĳ鴤ţһӿ΢̵ıɴڿһͷϣĸ߳ˡ
һĹͷ̵̼ܵʹһܵĽͷСڿɴĶԼͷ⹵ֱϵһȦİţ߳еۺٵ˱ǿҵĿʹһͷƤ飬һŨֳıɴСڿŪʪܵġһ־Һ͸СڿѽĻ
߳̱һһʱ걻һŨһ̣ѹŤһɴڿסǳеĹͷ
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ȫעؿĻݵڡмŮͷץһֱۣһܸеĻ΢΢س
ĻϵŮ˴󵨵鰮ɬضɳĽ䡣Ө͸һŮ˶ס
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һļ̸ܵ;˵Ƕŵҷĺϣ˿ӹһãֻϸֱü̵ںڽëʹλðĶ˵Ĵ۾ƽ崿֮ҲͻĴɰ̵СֱͦΡ˵ı㴽ճһֻԸ˵ӣС°˵źԲԣ߱¶ţȹԵֻڵȵжΣ¶һطԲĴȣ⻬ۣһȫռ
һϣһָ·˫飬ԣƲӯյѩʹһͷ㣬СܵѾȻֱֱͦĶĹɹ䡣
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һĦϸ۵˫ָŪԲѩ壬һѹ࣬˵С㣬ƶͷҲUUµǽӶһֱֱָβм䡣
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ѩϵŲݮ־Ӳͻɼ۵Ļ١һȥŦۣֹһҪҵ֡һں㷢˳˳ļ㱳쵽ʵȼԲβ䲻ͣơĸ




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һķݵأָͷ׵ؼסİ飬һУȫһΡһ벻УæĻַַ仯ܱߵҲʵؽСۺһֻڴǸʼʵ壬ֱָǺŵѩ壬ϵӣң¼йҶŪ
һֻ岻ʮ㣬ּͦһ˵ۻֱ˰֣˲ãҧüš--۽޵촽䲻Ծͬʱӣ
һ֪ൽλˣǣǿ˶Ĺơһ߿ĺдгȻһعʮӲŷ֫壬һ֭ˮһסۺָ--߳ˡ
СۺһһǿҵĴ̹Խ̧ͷڴü΢룬Ȼ̱һֻҪƲ꣬ƾһڲ
ʱһ߳㣬̲סޱȽ۵ȻϸĨָĻѰ̽ء
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һָСһ̽ĻǻϻޱȵճĤ⡭һԵָ⴫ĽСƣһָյִɫò崿ŮǱ֮Դ
ĽУۻڵճĤ谭崿Ůʥһа֣֣κ׸Խġ
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֮Ҵδ޾˵˫˶鶯è۴ʱţ΢ëά˹ĹǶ΢󣬱ϣᴽ΢ᴭ紺Ϯһϡ
һǿűѼ¶ĵı֮ҳѪţ³ѪӯͳϺɫĴͷڽ𴦵Ũܺڴг֭ķۻŵ͹ˮ
ǿҵĴ̼ʹ߽Уϸܵ΢ڶӭܣۻĻڲշţ˱һϵۣе߱۵ĻҧۼУһĴȽѩ֬ĴȸԲˬһëš
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Уһо̧һȣȳƵСϱ˿ĥһĳȼĿСȵ̧󿪣ʹһĿ·ۺɫĻƽһͷϵ⹵
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һߣס硣Ҹӵø̼һһޱֵ֣֣ϵֻͦʵĽ۽ϡ
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͸ֽͬͦ͹壬ϵӣѾһ˿ҸɿŵԾ¶ջԸ
һ˻ְӯظԲѩ弸ҪֵСϵĶСɿɰǽһСƬǵ˿ʲڸǵߣƽ̹Сһţʣȼһϸ񹵣ۺɫƬ౴ֻԲ˫壬ĽͣĲţӯӯյŤҡۣηںһƬïܷǳʹƬ΢нܵķ۰ף֡




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һֲĴȸŪšεţػȻӦšһ˵ط֣ǧĵľɫ˵ĴȸѾӿҺġ
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ܵĴܿ˱仯ۺĴѪſ¶˷ۺɫĻͽ۵Ĺ⣬԰Ҳʪ͸İҺ
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磬ƿҪòãߣȥʲôҪҶӦ㡣һƿһһ·һߵ
һƽţչŵѩ׾Өľ壺ơü졢ӣ죻ں㷢ɢǰ󣬷˿ѩ׵ļϹ˻˵ͼĴ۾ţ˵òĽģ۵Ĳתһԣγһ⻬ߡ
һĶüСɵıӡӣС죬һǵݣں˳糤ѩϸ۵ĲӣֱʹһôĹ⻬ۣ˫ôһͣţµҲͦ
һַǺһ˫֣ʼȥȹĿӡȹ˵䣬ӨĹ⻬¶һڴ˿˼ҹ˽
һɿرĴۣȻӷת˹ص۵˻֬ϣץסֱ֮˿װΣһǾ@Ư¾뿪ǰһֱۻˡһشȡ࣬һԶƳһĺĵǱڡ
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ʱһϮ㷢֮ƮһֹסһĲһֽһͷؿڡһ˫֮䣬һ㣬סѩ壬촽ƣһ˱ͦͷҧ⡣
һʱѵˮĶϲ׽ʱִͷӹʱְסͼʱ̧ͷĹۿ
ߵƿһᡣһԣ˫ֽץһֻʵ飬кʮ壬ס̺콿۵ССԲ㡣
һ˫޴ǯһס壬ִͨ߾Ŷȼ΢¡ͺɭּ䲻ͣĦšеѻޱߵĴɫȺһȥȡȥջһͣظϸļһһһĽ
˫۱߸ߵؾٵͷλãһסޱȵĽ飬Ȼ𽥵תƵҸ£һܵţĽ۵ļmҧ
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һ촽ס˱ϸļͦʵ塣һסͦ۵Ů˫壬ǺϺƽѩȳƵУۺɫޱȽģ΢΢ͦĲݮǳˣƽ̹СˡСɵĶ۶һһѪţһͷ쵽Ķ£ͷӶ򵽾Ȼȥ˫ס壬ƻŪ˫壬Ө͸ϾһԽ飬һô˵ָһȥ٣ķۺɫ仹δȴԲĹĵ¡һһںס飬ͷ˱죬ʱҧ壬ͷ١
磬ɡͦΡѩۣ֮һϸɵ̺ѩĺ÷ķͦ
һߵעһ˫覵Ը˫סĽǹͷضıǿϣڼ˵ıǿʱʱײɬرۣ߸ͦоһ·»ӡ鹵ܿϵٴͦѹȵĸоԺֳͷٵ龰һĺӣҶڹͷһܸܵٲĸоӣĦĺӣұѹ־ǿصһǿҵһس٣̼ýеġ
һֹͣ˳򣬽ͷ鹵ѹߵͦѩ壬ӭһļѹһ˶ӣҵһ鹵
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һϽڿԼ˵۴չᡢַŪ۴ǿŻԲͦİ飬ϲϴȣȴԴԴҺѳʪһƬ
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񾥾Сůʪ͵񾥣УἷѹһоҵĿгȫҡҡ׹ƺܿͻῪʼ
ֵȴֽ˳ת躬С˶ĦһͦĿɵĿСٴ񾥸ʼñҧ΢΢ʹǿҵĿУһϮһ̲ס϶¶΢Цҧסʹ˶ͷһɾ͵壬˳ӦĶиҪ
ˣƬ̣ĵĿһһۣɿСס񾥵ĸڹŪĿǰǿҵƺҪľǰ͵úƳſɡ
ٶһ˫ֱסһĺΣ콫񾥺˱һסףԳڶ񾥽ţ䷢ʵĽߣһֻ飬Ϲ˵ã˿չ򡢴˱ơҧƬ̼ϺճĿˮ˼
һסף泩Ŀ챻ϣͦСŪ񾥣ת躬˱ɵСŪһĻ˾١ǿҵˬһ
֪һ߳ڼתָһľջ콫񾥺˫ո˱ȥ
֮£һЩ̲סˣ֮£һЩֱĽˤ˴ϣһ׵¶͹µĶչţѩ׵ı۰޳˫ȾôķţҲʵķŷһκ˶ô壬һתؿ׵ü˫Ŀ󣬱֬ӣ΢ϸ¶ϸ㷢ڼˮ˫ɬƺЩϲõĻâŴŵʡ
ʥŮһһոշĻߵصȴ˵ݻƲ꣬Աӭšһ˫ֿʼϴȻҲţ˻ɫʤĽ鲻һֿգ̺һ綹
һ§סֻǰӵһӣͦŮ嶥ǰôеԡһסǽͦ飬ɬ壬ͦʵŮԼ˫¼šռѩɽָش۷飬ʱȵĦʥ壬δԵͲժѩɽҡָԾӣĳ죬ӣͻ
һǾӨѩ׵Ļ使߳ġ١ӿ죬ͷ캬סһűۼͦ飬ͷĩ۶Ů򡢲һʥŮеġ١٣һֻҲסһֻͦԵĽ飬ôĴָᲦĿѣԡ̺콿ۡߵŮݮ
һҰؿ촽۾ǼǵŮ㡭ۺ죬һɹ͵Ȳܣһ촽һⲻ˱ŪƷһҺ
һƣ˫ִָһֻƷͷȺ˵㣬ż˫סĥһ˳ڿ㣬쵽ġ𷼲ݡأָŮëһ꣬˯ӣС콿šššһճŮҺҲʪһһ֡
һ˫ֲͣظŪ壬۾ȴض۵ķۺϸ죬оʪԽָ̽ظĦŮʥ˽
һһ˫۷رʥؾһƬ̫ܵ·УƬۺӨĻ΢΢ſţŵĽϸһչʾʥ࣡Ө޹Ľ̽ĹȲѪͣΣһŷۺˣƫ־Ө͸¶ҺϵشԴϪڲǵطɽɢݴУµĳ¶ͬʱɢɿ˵Ϣ
沿鼫使ұޣԸС첻޽Уߵ߳СһڽŮβ߸̧𣬸оԭյԴڣѾ΢΢˿¶ɫǿŽεķۺɫޢһһϻ£·ڴʲôƵģһȪ˳Źɹ±һ˵֮ɫ̼һֱˮ˳
һ˫ְĴѹѩ׵Сϣ˫ѹסĴʹܻȻȸȥɢķ㣬һûѹȥʱ뵽ʳָմϿˮķ뿴ƽʱ߲ʵʱʲôķӦʳָմˮѹϣȻԲȦһתѹ˵Ҳǿͬʱ۲ı֡
˯еļ΢΢ȫҲڻǿʱ˫̲סƵ̧忪ʹҡڱʾԼĿС
һָѷѹϴ̼ͬʱʳָСۺ۵赵ĸдʱ۵Ѿʪʳָʱ۵סָ
һָŮʱ֨֨ˮǿ׷ĺߣڴӲָСۺȵ֭һۺγָ͵ǰţǻɿĴζ




128¡Ů

һֱŤѩΣ̲ס˼˵ԲΣͷƶһ죬סԴڣʱһϸ̼ⶴڡ
һͷͣϷŪضڼɹ䲻סߣʱסǷۺɫĶޢ˱ͷ£ͷСۺڲͣĽʱƵǵɫľջٴǣһɵɧζ㣬˵ζӳ£̼һӿңеĶԾļӿ
һ˫˲߲޳ȣԲΡͦ׹ˡ廬ѩ˵ȫ¶˳һ˯лͦβ׶ɫ֭Ƭķۺɫѷӿ
ۼµ˶üݽҧ΢ҺһŷӣӨ˫ȼϼͷ˳̵׼һĿ£ǸͨӲĳǹѱܵ𿾵óȷǳһһ£ִĹͷѾغ۵԰⣬һһٵĿۻ̺ʪˡһУһλãùͷĶϣ˫סϸ⻬ȻӶеߣĽĴ룡޴ĹͷûŮڣȻغס
ŮǶôĽխһûмŽ룬ڻĥת𲽵سſŮܵӲͬһ㣬һһŮ׵ǰšڷƽͼѹУһϲλխʵůϸ@ĸо
һŻȶٶȣһޱȵŮ֮оȡܶĿСֱȫ뵽ů˵ŮڣһޱͬʱӿֳһûͣٶãͿʼ˻ʽĳ˶
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ͬʱһϮ˾Өϸۼ˫Ҳ׽ס廬ͦѩ׽飬ϵļѹѩ±任״Ҳϸ彿۵ļ˵ɫĺۼڳͣҽ£һ𽥵شﵽ˵һ߳
һƣʱѳˣһһխޱȵĻݺһеһһֺ͵һֻоǾ޴ӲسڵļֻоǾ޴ĹͷԼġоһʪֵġˡһƶԵľΡ鴤ȻѸٵءȫǡֻҵ͵ץסһո˳ƨɣѩ׷۵ĿɰСʮָƵץʮѩ͸޳ָһڵƨγʮҫĿĶԱȡ
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ѩƽСһһĿҲУʪޱȵ̺У鶯΢ŵķཱུ̺ġСסһ޹ɵɶйһճӨŮҺʪҺ΢ֵ̺񹵣˳ġϪµ˶ϡһʹ˻ϵⴺ鲪Ůʱǳ͡ʹ򼱹ʱĥתʱǼǴģϱ任λʱϺƳ˫ɡʱɽȡ𡢰ٶҲͣ졭
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һԽԽҰس壬ªľް뵽һδСο͡ٹȫ¶ġ񹬡ȥڻаĳ鶯Укü˯еɬظо˶Ĺ̹ͷ񴥶һصĲ֪ĵ˸еֹ̼֮ġϡ
񴭣תԼһǵĽҲɵýޡκ졣һ޼ؼǿ̣һ˿ҡ޹ǵѩ塣ƾ߳ļɺͳ˵ĳ־ǿýת
һ䶯һ˿ҵĳ壬ȵһƲꡢź塣ֻȵ䶯ųһ˿ҵѩµӭκתлǧ˳غ͡ʱ˵彻ϴѾҺһëȫʪ͸һƬëиǴӿ¶С԰һ𤻬ǵġ֭Һѽëʪһţŵëʪ˷
һҰس۳覵ѩϣطйΪߺߵʹĸйƶˣʹҪʧȥԼĿơʱѹ˲ôˣһ§סỬϸҵس鶯żӲ۵Ļоϡ
ͻȻǿ񱩵Ȼ󼸷֣ſŵĹڣȻʮν鴤Ĳ󣬴ҽһڳȵľҺǰ̹ŮУ
䣬һؽ˫ȴӼϷ£ǺӲҲָ̬ش˳ͬʱҲ˲ճȵľҺƹӳ˵ϣ¹⽫Ƶյͨ
һƬǽ壬ȴԽг̬Լһճյؿֿ̲סһ˵ŮӨϡ
һǳ򻺻򼲵Ө˵˫һָ䲻ϵı任״ԭ׵ͬѩԭļһ㽿޵ķױ
һֱͦӣ޴̵Ĺͷֱȥ˶Ĺͷ۵ţڳϵѹ½ؽ̺۵ۺǿд۶Ľͦһܵů£߶ȿͨİͻȻǴһȦصֱͦ롭
һκ죬㣬彿ƶˣһ˫޳һֱһǡšеġɡһֳִӲĴѰխСۻֽ
һزڣ޴ĹͷһֱۺײŮ۵ġͣ߶ؿʼ䶯ʱһͿʼߵأֱˡ
һǰнɵ˶ţһĿŸĶʵŮĽȼһĴ̼СһͦξӨ׽вͣش࣬ó׵̣ͬʱŰµ
ƺҲ˷ӦҺԽԽ࣬ȫ˳ӣӨ׵ļ˲ƺҲѾΪԡ԰籩еʥŮˡ
һ¸ʼṇ̃һ˫üݺݵĳţѵõһԽԽ죬ҲԽԽͣšꡢꡱĴһѾ˸߳
Ľ㣬һ˫ѩ׵źߴؽסһ˫磬аɰСֽؿٽһļһǴ׳ޱȵԽԽ񱩵شխĽСһʶԽԽңһǻԲ˶Ĺ̹ͷԽԽǻİڡ
һ춳˵ľ޴ߣѿǧĵͷĶʴǵ߳ɡɫ崿˵ѩƽСҲʼɲ䶯𽥱ɽߵͦ͡ӭϡ
޵طǸȫʵխľ޴ԽԽڡһʶ֮ԽԽʪ妻һǿĲ롢Уһÿһ½롢˳һӦšţŮнʣһɬ
һԽԽҰس鶯ܡĩο͹ٵᡰΪһߴſÿһܵġڻһҰطֿյĽޱȵ˶ԲĹ̹ͷֱؼСխڣ۵ľ˶߷ֿڵճĤ⣬شǻİСۺڡ
˶̵ĻԲͷȻǺŵĽۡ--ӹڣͷ˵۸պõִʥġоϣһߴĽ䣬סǿҵĴ̼һ󼱴ٵĽ񴭡




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ߺ˲ʱò԰ѩ񴭵ӣС췢һѪšļٰĽ䣬һСխ쳣һΡгʼҰس̡塭
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ճľҺͬǧ۳ڲԭһڴ˼ڡҺϵشӹͷӿϸ۵ۺɲʱۺڵĸ䡣ľҺصԴԴֺʹȸϣܿ˻Ұ׵İ߼ִήСһƣ˵ѩ׽ϡ
ѩ׵Ĵϣһһ˿ҵŮصࡢƸؽšһֹسһɲħһʹʥòӡòɫʹʥһĿ£䶯һ˿ҡ޹ǡѩ׵ʥ壬ȸ߾١ӭ͡ѩ̧ͦӭһĳ塢һֻϢһǱή˳СۺġꡱӲضԻʪһǿзֿ޳ѩȣѡꡱشխֱһݵľֹ󣬾Ϳʼʪ妵Ľխг
תؽţšһѸٵشгֺݺݵضȵŮխڡһ±һºݵس塢̡
ǶеĽȻȵСۺķĦһ⣬Ҳ顭һٶµͶͲ֮£һһΡԭһСۺ
ǺߴӡỬĿɰˡǿҵִ̼ʹ˵ӹεؽһճŮ
ʱһ͵§˻ϸصסŮϸ۵壬ݺݵشǽСխʪȵеŮڡ
̻Բ˶ͷӹڡһΰزһŨ̵ӹ
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򳤺ǵ󲻾ãҲˣֻǿһԺһŵָƵ֮ϲɵ΢΢һ죬һ˫ˮĴ۾УҲ¶˼ѵõᣬȻģٸԼһһʱַֻٸֻֽһ°򳤺ǣҲûз֡
ĸһ𣬶дּһ飬ھòʲôԺ󣬱дſڣų¸һ˵ĵˣϾŵӣһɫСͣдſڣԺ򳤺ǾΪ֮һǸܵ˳ǰ򿪳ţӭ
һ˸򳤺ǵһһԼʮҵӳԺһвɵ΢΢һںţΪʲôԼҪмƶԸ¸ǵʱԼΪʲôӦ
¸ǵߴԼһңλ˼ָ߹ʣһ˿ߵ۾Ũֻһ˫ˮĴ۾ż¶ľ⣬ʾ޸˵ľ͸־Ͷ֮һһ˿޵ĸо
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ٸһİҲһɫװĴ磬˵Ĵ磬ʹøС࿴˼ĵʣʵһǰһŮŮеĺԼ˴кһеԹһС࣬СҲȷʵмֱ£ټһίǵ飬Ȼ˵ƽ׽ˣһжԸСҲһӺøд
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һ룬ҲʹӦˣļϹȴڣó㣬һţһԵ㣬Ҫôˣɽǰ·ȫȻƽʱصӣ۾ЦеĿңһСԴСװͣԺβͱһһġ
һЩһ֧°Ϳɰĳ񡣡šεͷæŶ
ĳ࣬һЦŵ˵㣬ɰţ̧ͷɻĿһŶ˵ԣʱ仹ءšͷ˳ְеһһʾһҲԡһЦҲֻ۾һ֣һĴָ˻Ρ
һڣעֱɰȥˣԶĳôһֱĹҵͣ䶯С죬һԼմָ֭ʱô֪Ĺȥˡ
һжʰ׵֮һصУбɳϣһǰĵһֱĿŵӡ˳극ԺûмŻصдȻģ˶Щղƺڵȴʲô鷢




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һһͷ꣺㣬ոдվôãûվѽûʲôϰˡ۹ⲻӡ
һɳϣ̧ŵһĴȴ㣬һ㰴ĦòãشһĽϰĦûʲô̫ķӦֻǶһЦЦⲻҵĹôʲôġôһֱİĦСţֱһ۾һŵӰͷȥĽűһڣȻ£ȴȻĿٵزֻͷڴͦţһһͷΣʼߡ
һų嶯ͷϸĶģһλ뷲ӣôôˡһнȻİ촽յĺ촽ǣȻٶȥ
һ촽š˫˫һ𣬻ſ˫зһһ飬䣬һ廬ͷ˳Ĵһ⡣
һվӣ̧ͷһסһ֡һ˷䡣
վڷһĸС֣ʳָĻţ㣬һκòãһССʱеʱ䡣̧ͷһ΢Цŵ˵ͷһĳ飬¶ֱϸš
˫ۣϸ΢ļһĸвʱķһʮֳ嶯һ֪һƣΪһҪĲֻһ㣬һҪǺɰŮһ𵽴԰ĸ߳һҪԽһеܡ
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һϣ˫ȷֿһ棬Ȼڸ鷿ϻš
˫סһһһ£Ȼ󳤾õסɿڡܶ˶ԽǶʮӣľ͸ѶһǣʮҪĵֶΣеŮ˵ǿԺ̶ܴǵ
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һڴϣƾһһֱһҲ޷ȥһûмѵǰѾĿˮŪʪڿ㣬Ͳ𣬶һȥѰʪ˫ͬʱʼ˫ָ鷿
鷿ʮϸ˶˾̾һһһѵţֻͷһ˫ֵĴ̼ѲͲһɿС죬ͷ˱סһֻͷֻ˱һ£ͷһͬʱ鷿һһ˱һ£
Уһڵ˱⣬һֻȴûǸοһֻͷʱʱ࣬ԭѲ𵽼ͷӵͲ
һһȶ֮䣬һһֻ鷿һֻʱһͬʱһĴȸܵһӿȳ
һɿͷ㣬ôš꽿㼵һͷһס͵ͷһûоءҪҪһؿڣ㡫ɡ鷿͵úһٺһЦٴεͷסӣһͷ˱
ĵ鷿һ֮±ԽԽǴ󣬵һû㣬֧ͣͷ˱ţϣٸһ£ͷʱ͵˾ȣƬҲ͹˳һһֿʱըĸоͬʱͷҲе˼㣬ֻҪһ¾һΡ
һĴȴʱѾǻһƬͿ˴Һһŵڴϣֿѩ׵Ĵȣ¶ʪܵķۻëʮŨܣҪַֿŨܵëϸ
һͷһڣһ󶶶ƬҲϲֹһ̲סȥסɢŨȻͷ⹵š
˫Ȼһĺϣ貿ҲͣһϴзһͷĲڽ˫һ˺סһץסһͷҲͣŤš
һ˸ǶȣŲǰͬʱӾͷ˱ȣ˻УȻץסһӲȻĺ
һﵽϣͷĿ䣬ҲŬһδ̧ͷÿǻŪһߡ
໥§ŶԷβ˴ΪԷڽڴϷʱʱһ棬û뿪Էֳ
ʪĿǻһĹͷеٵһɹһϣһһļ¶ǿҵ˱£һûܿס糱ĿУغһδǿҵĳ鴤һаγıһƨɣѹͷĲ嵽ĿС
һҲ޷ס侫ĳ嶯һǿһεĳ鴤һĵһɾҺĿǿҵ緢ˡ
һŴſϣ侫ĿСȴûзŹһһͷһҵήĹͷϲš
ס˱һһβӲĲĿǻ֮С꺬˱֮˳һ롫롫һЦȻ֮䣺㣬Լȷֿһ˵ֵԹһһȴ˫ְסˡ
һסͦߣѩ׷ĴȷȻ̧ѹ࣬ʮԾ˫סȡһٺһЦֻ㣬Լֿûжһְһѡ
걻һǿĴ¶ƬϸģѾѪֿСһ̾ŸһٶסһߣùͷʪĥСӵٸһʮֵͷĥһʴǵǿҿС
һѹͷͱȥһЩȻĸѹͷڽȥûڳҺһùͷڽһ󷢶ƨһĽ輱еʶһڡ
һѹͷ˳꼱ðԲĴƨɸͣһְסȻٰǿһЩæֵٴһЩеĵȴһĲ롣
ΪһҪˣæߺİǳɸԲףһȴûв룬һͦ󿪵ʼֻСһĳһȵǿƨҲͣʶӭһĳ
㡫㡫ɡҺòãǿһһٺЦţİ󣬼޿̡
ʵ˵һôϲּ̼ԵǰϷ鶯Ů˵һʮܵļ尾ֺγأҪһǳǳϲƽʱʮʱֳɧǵ̬һһǹ붴ˡ




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ƺѾ񣬲һе°ڶ֫ƨɣз˻е϶ˡٶˡҲˡ֮İ
һ˷ܵļŶҺĶ࣬ʱһĳ·ɽֹĿһƬǼѴȶʪһ顣Ҳ١һĨĨϵˮټȥһҲܲˡ
ֹͣסһʪܵĹͷ׼ڣ̧ͷһ˫ĿеĿһĿ䣬ͬʱְǿһЩһ˲ļʽѹͷһڣͷŵͷϣȻ˫۲ֹͣȴһĲ롣
һİͱһأȻѸٵİ˳ʧ̾һһ˫۾һһȻݺݵȫ
ûκ׼걻һݺݵĲ룬ŵȻֱһ۾ɵϴ󣬿иǷһ
һſϺٺЦ𣿡ðŻع˫ִӿת§סһĲӣҲһƨϣǸһҧһıһ£ͻ۸㡫һ촽Ȼתƨɣš
̾˿οġʵܽգϾӡ⿴ܹʲô⡪ʵϴһղ뿪ʼͼиͣеһʮҰһÿһζ۵һֱûֹͣ
ģһڻĽߣȥһסȣȻʼĳ塣
һĳ岻ϵ뷭ҺҲһɹɵ˳һ⣬һһ籩²壬һͷϸ飬÷˰㣬Դ˦˦ȥƨĥһͣŤʶķ
ڲͣһˬ֣һܣеϣڵйȥһסȣţһҲͣļٳ壬Сһһײƨϣžž졣
ԽԽһ˿µĳ£ȻûҪ侫ĸоȴЩܲˡһٶȣͬʱֿĴȣһǽܽӴ¶
һ߻ּᶨĳߵͷţͬʱ쵽Ŀ丧ŨܵëȻ󲦿ëϸĹ۲һӣȴȻٴ˿̾ȻһСС͹𵽼㣡
һסһսеȻߣһߵ͹Ȼָĥһ鴤ȵ÷̣ץӣ﷢ġʮֵ
˷ܣһԷɿĴڳſĿ䣬ոͬʱһѾٺͬʱһָĲڡ
һҧסٵĸϷɿţȻɿµİ˱ָֹҲͣڿ۽š
󺹣ɸһ󷢶һԵܿʱϼĲڵĳ鴤ҲϵǿָЩԻ
ˡ˻ţӾҵŤƨҲ̧봲治ͣĶţһǿ˱̧ۿȥݺݵץԼ˫飬һɰɫҺӸʵͷ
ûеȵĸ߳һһѽƷſڴϣһǰȥﵽ̵ƨ棬˵Ļ壬ݺݵİѾ˽ȥ
˫ȣһᵽ˽գͬʱҲղŰһող뿪ʼһһµļŪһ壬˫ץƨɡ
̶ſıϣ߽ͦ쵽סֻ鷿Ҳٴ˷ͷ߷˵Ľһĳʶƨɡ
һŴڶγ岻ֹļͷţƨʮַһЩĸоΪʹķйһֻϣһŵķƨףȻӺᴩ
ڳžžײƨ۵ļһײ粨˰㲨ţǰһӼһеͦƨɰڳ塣
İͷƵʱĴͷдһеᣬغҲһţһͼԼûã侫ǰֿһܿԼ
ǰһıƨɷĳ壬ڣձһ飬ǿҵУһľҺŵڵҵ䵽һҲûֹͣ鴤
侫һǰһ󷢺ڣɢ˼ܰƨɺ棬΢عʱŷ֣꾹ȻŸղŵƾ°ƨſӻһ󷢶ƬϣҲסţһɰɫҺ˳
һ̱ȥſڴϡһȥ§ڻ˫ֲס걧һһϣĴȲסһ
һд¸ǵĻỹûп꣬ȵʱѾʮˣһ˷һǣڳԷʱԼ˾Ȼ뵽һߵϣûкͳ¸ͬǸСһֱ˵ߣһ˼̲סˤŶȥˡ
ԹԺ󣬳¸ǻصдϢΪһ˶Ǹ¸ӵģȻҲصдϢص˷Ժһ뵽ԼɽԺڶԴŮ˵һֱģǽȴó¸˵ĿȻǻܴ
һһȻϢˣ֮£һڴϣҪεһ¸ǣСԼԳԼеһڶҲ֪һ뵽ʲôţһϣȻ¶һ˿Ц⣬ֻЦݣЩааġ
ݰţǳ¸ǵίȥټίᣬһǺɽĸ߲棬ڶǽԼڻһ£ȵ¸Ժһ֥˱˳¸ǵķ䣬ų¸˷ˡ
飬յӦǷԱģ򳤺Ƕн¸һεһ飬Ϊ˲ʲô⣬Ҫһ֥һ֣ȻԸнȴǲ͵ġ
ɨһһͻȻ佫Ĺһµ˴ϣ꿴һӣ֪һҡͷЦһԺߵһߡ
оߵԼԺһһ۾ͻȻԭʱһص˶ͬƵļͷ⣬Եļͦڰɫ˶һȹ̵üҪ¶ǿһ˫޳ѩ׵չ¶
˫޳ѩ׵ȣǼɫȹ˼ˡ߹ʱǰǶԷʵ飬߶µĻ϶ţ˼ˡ
һز˵ȣذ˫۾ñţȻҪֱ꽿šλߵһµͷ˵áһ֪ﲻҲûа취飬ˣɷ죬ûʲô˵ġһ˵̧۹⿴һ̧۹֮ʱһԭһۿǣȹڴ⡣괩һССİɫǿ㣬һѺëӡڰɫǿ棬ЩȽϳëܳǿ֮⡣
һҲû˴ɫ˫۾ѱȹڴסˡһ˫ֱԼȹţ΢΢ЦáߣСɫʲᣡˣˣϽɻɡ˵ᣬת˲
һѪյ꣬ԴӼȹڴ⣬һֱں˼룬Ǹ󼦰ҲԶͦһǸ󼦰ӲأĶͦø߸ߣ¶ӪƵƺ뵽ʲôһģһԼĴ󼦰ͣ¶һ˿Ц
߳꿴һǷӣ΢Цʵ[ιһʲôأʱһžһʱ˵ò˼ͨ죬شáŶҡҡšǲ˵ɡ




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ЦŶһ˵á㿴ɫɫӣһ֪ܲʲôôɲУǿɻȸȥҵķôһæá㣬ȥ㷿ʲôѽǾﲻôǺǣ㲻ܴ̼ô룬¸ĴţҲŵµϢⲻǱЧֶ֮һôһ˵áСɫҲóôǷˣˣǿôѽǿǻôĶ֪ءĻȻӵ˵ţһŵָƵ֮ϣȴ¶һ˿˷ܵɫȻģƤٸһ飬ѾЩĶˡ
һϿס˳ƵĵһϡһӲðɣ¸Ȼ߰һЩǲ̫һЩѽٸһ˵Ļȴһڶȹ֮µķʵΣĦһĿ粿
㣬ʲôֻҲ뵽ǻɣǺǣԺմҵľҺˮĴ˯Ҳֻг¸ܵĴɡһĿŴ󴲡˵ڴϣһȱԼ̼ýꡣʱ㴽һ
һǣڹҲŴ󵨵Ϸĸ棬ǶԷͬӰ飬еʣǳָС
ԽԽţһ飬ļͦһȤָͷǶͬѰͷصš걻ͬġšߡšߡŶŶ
һǶԷ飬ԼĳУͬ紥泩泩޵˷ܡҲȥѾȹ˽ȥ
һȹڿʹһӲݴë֮һʪܵϷһͬƵˣһмиСʪʪġůůġÿһָԵĥһ£ĽͲһ£ʱָмԴ˽ȥ嵽һͬ㣬һֱš
һָСѨĥšţе泩ӣҲе޴˷ܡһֱָСѨĥššĸеСѨϵˮ
걻һĥýͣŤϵĲţҲ϶ʹšáŶšߡҡҺѹšŶࡡˡѽܲˡšߡɧͣȥΪһ·һذ·ѵ꽫һ·ѵó֮ʱԼҲȲģ¼ȹѵԼҲѵóġ
ѵó֮ᣬǳɧƵģһĴ󼦰׽ȥ󼦰ͣǿͬƵĴͷԼСѨĥţĥˮ֨֨Ҳáࡡáۡˬѽ顭ŶιᡭࡡιѽˡมˡӴӴˡѽСŶǡࡡˡŶŶһĴͷĥúɧɧ÷ǳܣԼķһѹ£ȿһĴ󼦰֮ϡŴ󼦰ְͣǿԼԴһĴͷ׼ԼСѨȻȥ
СѨѷĳ֣һͬĴͷѱСѨ˽ȥһŴͷСѨʹеδео̲סĺšáŶááôġͷˡ˼ҡǡšߡááãǻȥһһŴͷѶСѨѨġǿŴͷѨģȫȫĶסĲp̵ĽšáࡡСġͷѽʵ̫̫ˡ̫ˡมι˼ҵġѨġסˡ˼ҡáˬࡡιѽͷ硭˼ҡÿӴŶι걻ͷóţðԼƨҲһһ׶Լ׶ҧгݵšáѽͷ硭ҵġүүá˼ҡ顭ᡭpŶŶࡡˡมһУ̬޵ܣǸ󼦰ܵøӴִ@Ŭ׶꣬ҲеĴ󼦰ͣӵĴִ󣬰СѨǵøѨĶøp顣ʱġӴ׶ҡƨɡ׶ҡûлƵķšáࡡ硭ҵġø硭มιѽҵүү㶥˼ˡ˼ҵġѨˡšߡŶιѽᡭมŶҵġ׸硭ࡡιѽˬˬˡ˼ҡˡˡŶŶˡ˼ҡ첻ˡࡡιѽһѪյʱ򣬴󼦰ӲƣѹᱻĴ󼦰ͲҽСáࡡҵĸ硭硭ø硭װְ֡ࡡιѽҵġ󼦰͡硭á첻СӴˡѽˡŶιá󼦰͡硭ࡡιѽŶŶѽ˼ҡšġˬˡߡˬÿˡࡡιѽ󼦰͡үүá󼦰͡ɡࡡιѽáˡมιˡѽˡŶŶһʱеһԼĴͷţСѨʪܵģԴ£Ĵ󼦰մˮʱſһϡ
׶泩ޱȵһ겻ſϣǸѹĴ󼦰ͻֱͦͦĲСѨһذ귭תֿʼس鶯Ĵ󼦰ͣһһĳСѨ
˿ֻһĴ󼦰ͣСѨһһĳ壬ǸоõġһĴͷÿضסѨ֮ʱʹpp鳩֮С
һһһĳ˴ԼһذζǻķȣСѨһһp顢ɧᣬζȫζɧ͵ášԡߡ硭มҵġ硭ࡡ󼦰͡˼Ҳ塭ápӴġࡡ˼ҡҪˡѽҪˡŶι󼦰͡硭ɡšߡáˡѽáԸ⡭󼦰͡硭㡭ġðɡมมһ޵ĸɾŮҪ˲ȻҾͳȫɡһʱƵģͷʵ
ѴͷᵽСѨٺݺݵĴ˽ȥΣͷִֽȥײСѨеĻġһĲ巨ҪƵģ֮ǰʹధšáѽСͷŶҵġø硭װְ֡󼦰͡үүࡡιѽ硭硭ġáѽ󼦰͡硭塭áˡࡡιѽҵġүүιˡѽҵĸ硭ҵүŶࡡ󼦰͡硭ܸɡࡡιšߡ˼ҸɵáŶˬˬáġ󼦰͡ˡࡡιѽ硭ø硭׸硭Ŷιɡࡡมһ̬̼ãһɳͷԺ̲סĳšáŶҵġáˬ졭ÿҵġášҡ춪ˡˡ㡭ٴͦɡٴŤɡͦˡŤˡŶǸˣ֪һڳԽʱŬͦƨɣŤƨɣһ˫˫ȥϵȤࡡ׸硭áҲˡӴȵҡѽһ𡭡ɡࡡιѽáˡŶѽѽáˡˡࡡˡáúˬŶιŶѽֶһΣһ󼦰ͳ˳§˻ĵعԺٿʼеڶֵĹ




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һᴥ۳Ľ񾭲ͣţڿѾĻعԺ̲סıĽҵӣСţҲͣϸţʱָͷȥ춹ͷ
һԽԽС죬գ䣬һֱȥķ۾˫硢ǰǶԸ̰㣬ԲԲʵͦ顣
һֻķ۾һֱ顣Ƕ飬ʵû˵ѩףҲСֽʵּͦ춹ͷССԲԲĸ֮ϡǶ飬̼֮µĴŮ
Ƕ飬һŮس죬ʹһˬ쳣ֱԽԽãԽԽˬˬԽԽԽһ֣Ҳ죬¸ȥѩ۵ĸȥ꼰С
ǵ֮ʱҲ˫֮СѨһѳ״ϸϸëϣͣ¸šʱָԷĳֵ²ͣصȥĥСѨϵˣżȥԴ
ǣĸĥ壬̼һһĲȫҲ΢΢ظŤСѨﲻϵʪʪˮСҲ̲סСášߡС㡭Ŷ󵨡šСɫ㡭ǵá˼ҡɧมιɫǡáҺӴɫҪšߡǡ˼ҡŶŶɧѽˡˡιιˡšߡһǶ϶̼p鳩죬һѾ޴ȼյ󼦰ִִ֣ͣͨͨһһͦţʮѹһ̲ס׼ȥСѨ
׼ȥСѨľ޴ͷִСѨ֮ʱȻȫһ£ҲšáѽСɫ㲻ҪŶСȥšߡġءมᡭỵҶáһ¡СšŶ㲻ǡöߡһ껹ûв嵽СѨһǿǰѻȵ𣬹ôͷȥĥСѨˡ
ôͷȥĥȥСѨˣѰĥһĲȫͣŤƨɣͣͦϵתȥһͷĥţСѨˡ
һĥͦתСѨвϵˮʪƨɵ´ʪһƬ걻ĥ̵áࡡɫŶСɫǡҪĥˡšĥˡӴСĥá˼ҡࡡιѽˡѽŶСӴมҪˡšҪĥˡࡡιѽ˼ҡҪ˼ҡŶѽҪҪšߡˡҪҪŶһɵĵʵáҵĺѽҪʲأѽˡСŶˡˡ֪ġɫ⡭ˡŶ˼ҡҪ٣٣㲻˵֪أѽСˡҪˡ˼ҡˡࡡ硭ѽ㡭ѽˡ˵ѽҪʲιСɫ㻵ˡ֪ʡมŶ˵ࡡ˼ҡҪġҵġСѨѽˡССˡߡ˼ҡŶѽСǺöߣҲСѨңƫҪ壬ҪҸ磬ҲŲ塣ѽСŶˡҽССӴ硭ø硭ѽ˼ҡˡҰɡࡡιѽ㡭Ŷ˼ҡˡʱһ󼦰ͣСѨȥĲ˽ȥҲһĴ󼦰̫ͣСѨ̫Сһһ壬ɱʹý˫ֳһǰʹ״ð亹޺޵Ķһ˵áѽɫСҪҵݡҲ崩𣿡һʱ֪Լ̫ˣ̫ˣʹˣǸĶ˵áŶáԲ̫嶯ˣʹ㡱Թ̾˵áļСӣÿβСѨңÿɧѹˣ㼦ҽҲѨҲһŮˣʵ̫ҪйһŮ˼һܵˣֱʹ࣬һһһ˵ϧҪúõĲʹķйһ¡ȥС졢ա۾Ƕ飬ͬʱǸ󼦰Ҳһһĳ鶯š
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꣬һԹС͵ͻȻļͣ˿ѺемܲסˣһԵİšáѽѽɷ򡭡Ӵġͷʵ̫ˡõġѨġײá̫ˬˡࡡιѽá첻ˡ̲סӴιˡáҪ򡭡󼦰͡硭ͶˡมŶһ֪Ҫ߳ʱ򣬴˿ǲиӦҪӱŬ壬ܰ߳һȸղŸŬسСѨ˫۷ףҧгݵšáѽҵүүҵġɷ򡭡Ӵιѽ롭ҡѡáˡѽáһΡġˡιߡšáˡ̲סˡѽáġ㡭ιมѽáˡˡġˡࡡιѽᡭˬˬˡŶĴδʹĶһһͶţĲšһеһһɣ̵ֶǿĴͷϣĶúõһСѨֹͣСѨôͷضѨϣתţȥĥѨġѴͷĥʹ꾡˵ĶԼҲԽ˻ᣬúõϢ׼һս
泩ĳֱһĴͷĥѨģĥѨĴ󿪴ˬ̱ڴϡһҲô˻ᣬǸ󼦰ӲͦСѨУҲѩ׵ĽſϢ
֮ᣬһ΢΢䶯֪ѻָһֿʼس鶯Ĵ󼦰ͣһһĳСѨſͷȥ˱ͷʱ⣬ȥ´һ󼦰͵Ļ壬͵˱ְѸճ꣬ȼҲɧš
ʱ˫ֽıסһı˫Ȱһ˫ȽЮסƨҲʼ΢΢ŤţҲСšáมιС㡭ˡࡡ롭ŶҡѽҵġŶ׸硭ѽ󼦰͡硭ġүүࡡ硭ѽม벻ӴСѨѽá˼ҡŶɡáˡѽɡҰɡมม




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Ӵˡٴˡࡡιѽ׸硭үүˬˡѽˡŶ겻ͣţƨҲŲͣͦø߸ߣϰڶţСѨˮҲһһš
һ˽УҲԽԽ𾢣ͲΪݲ壬Ҫ⡣ڵ꣬񲢲һĺݲ壬ƨͦøߣȥӭѸŴ󼦰͵ĺݲ塣
ĺݲ壬ѱûڿƮ˫ֽץס죬ͣŤţƨͦתСҲڰţĽšáࡡɷ򡭡үүѽ׸硭ˡ󼦰͡硭ࡡιѽมˡѽˬѽˬˡá󼦰͡硭Ŷมүүҵġðְ֡ˡѽáˡ󼦰͡硭มιˡø硭ࡡһɡ׸硭ѽ졭ҡһáܲˡ㡭มมʱһѱ˵ƨɵŤתҲ̼泩ѣ̲סĺáŶááมҵġáѽŤáҺó졭ءҲˡáȵҡһ𶪰ɡҡһСѨɡһ˿úݲͳ飬ͦŤϵ޷죬泩˼㡣ˬҽСáѽҵĸ硭ҵİ֡ࡡҵүŶáˡࡡιѽˡŶáġˡมѽá챻󼦰͡硭ˡӴѽɡࡡιѽҰɡŶáѲˡɡŶιѽˡ˼ҡˡࡡιѽá첻ˡมι˼ҡˡӴӴáҡ֡ˡѽˡ֡ˡϡιѽˡŶ@һֱһĴͷһppĺòҲһɣһǿֱѨģ걻ǿˬĻȥ
һֱˬáŶŶŶĽţرס꣬ҲſϡϢһҪʱһȴס겻֪һҪʲôʱһȴѾְѹС֮ϣһһµѹ
оһİѹһԼӹĻԼˮҺ壬ԴԴϵĴԼСɧѨ˳˴֮ϣоһԺͻȻһԼڳ¸ǵķҪԭһĴ̼ĸоӿͷʹһĴֵİѹƶ壬ƶСɧѨҺ壬ܿɢ˴ĸ档
һԺ·Ҫȴû뵽һȴ´һѱ꣬ɳ˹ȥһһߵ㣬⻹ڴ˺ۼɳϻûأһΡ˵һҲߵɳϣһѽ궪ɳϡ
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һӣҵһĽмˣ켫ˣܵǣ͸š
һȶСȥҲԶſС죬һҵšһһţһȥǶͬ۹ϰĴ顣
鷿󣬶һͦʵͦšͬѰͷԲԲĸڴ֮ϣˣмˡ
һ鼤˳ȵСǵĺ飬ĺǵС죬϶£¶ϵķš
һҲĺ¸һֱǺɭɭïʢ֣֮ĴֵͣţϵظšһָҲϵСѨϵšĥšʱСѨĶףĿѨġ
һ۵p飬ĲȫϵŤҲŵÿģͣ΢ŤһѰСѨŪһһˮСѨɧҲɧɧ̲סšášߡŶСɫǡɫߡ㡭桭ӴǡˡมŶᡭͱɡɫǡɫѽɫǡɫมιιСɫ㡭šߡáߡˡСɫǡมҡСɫɫˡŶһĽ񾭵ܣͣţϵȥͿѨģȥĥˡ
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ܵһŪһʱŪˮƨɵʪʪһƬȻĲţȫҵҡţƨҲͦø߸ߵģϵҡȥһͷĶĥ
ʱͨ졢̬¶ȫɧp顢סšáࡡСҵġСɫǡšߡˡˡѽŶ˼ҡӴҪҪมιҪˡࡡιѽСɫǡСɫˡมŶӴ졭СɫҰɡҡġࡡҰɡม󡭡㡭СɫŶιҵġСɫǡһǸúõȥֽšСɫСɫǡֺ޺޵ظôͷȥĥСѨˣҪĥֱиģҪúõĲѽСɫŶСɫǡมɫǡɫӴ㲻ǡöมιҡĥˡˡѽ㲻ˡǸɫħࡡιѽˡมѽ͡Ӵ͡˼ҡġˡġ͡滵ˡҪĥˡ졭졭ҵСѨɡ󡭡㡭ˡС㡭ࡡιѽѽŶδõһͬ飬ĥСѨˣʹɧˡʱ޿̣İһķԼһĴ󼦰档ȲץһĴ󼦰ְͣǿԼСѨһĴͷ׼ԼСѨڣصȥ
һǸƵĴ󼦰ͣһһֵرСѨ˽ȥֻ󼦰ѱšһ󼦰ϣһִδйоͷסѨģpɧĳУˬֻĹƵģڡมมมĽš
ʱ׶Ŵ󼦰ͣתҵ׶΢΢źգ΢΢üͷ΢գӣС΢ţʱűյǬ촽泩̬˿Ķ
ʱԼ׶ˬšáӴСɫǡŶҵġšø硭ѽ׸硭󼦰͡硭áášߡˬιѽҵġ󼦰͡үүมšҰ㡭ҵĺɷ򡭡ࡡҵĵӴáˡˡŶࡡүү󼦰͡ɷ򡭡šߡáˡӴมมߡҡáˬˡӴιѽ˼ҡˬˡѽ졭ˡáˡŶѽҵĸ硭ࡡҵүιáˡŶι󼦰͡硭á̲סˡѽ˼ҡˡࡡιѽáˡӴˡˡŶˡมˡһһǿ͵ϮһĴͷϡСѨƬСҲһһϵһĴͷšš
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һδܵζڳ˱ͷ׶󼦰ͣp鳩ζĴ󼦰ͱԽļӲһ˵Ƿǳȥһ˫ҲûţæڸǶԺ顣
ʱ˵ǡΪ˭Ϊ˭æ΢΢ˮҲ׵飬Ҳµ÷飬һļϷſһϣС캬һļͣ׶
귴ſһϣſСѨһĸǰСѨöһ͡ʱһĿСѨһƬڵëУһ֮ͨͨһССƬͬڵƬϷһ΢΢š
һ棬ĿŮСѨСѨͨͨͬһСˣһ̲סȥСѨһȥ˱СѨϵ񴥵Ķһ£һһȤ
֪еĵطȥ˱ȥȥҧɧ꣬ڱһСѨ˱ţѰp̣СѨˮڲͣĵţһˮ
ʹУƴȥŴͷۣȥҧŴͷһеŮŴ󼦰͵pp鳩УοԼСѨ˫ܿУִ̼ʵĸоѾĴ󼦰ͼܵ÷߷ߵĴ
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һܲ˳̬һŮ˵ĿСȥСѨ곹׵ѽѽġø硭ม˼ˡŶιá㡭ӴιѽˬˡŶˡѽˡมҡ㡭šߡӴҵġְ֡ҵġүүѽáˡáˡࡡιѽˡŶѽáˡŶιȡȵȡáŶŶࡡѽˡá첻ˡүүˡˡࡡιѽáҡҡˡˡŶѽˡˡมมһһĴͷСѨһԴ£ƨɵµɳʪһƬҲ̱ɳϡ
һǳһԭʣڶսȽ;ãڻûгͷһĳСѨãн壬Ǹú꣬ͦסһ塣
֮ᣬͦƨɣӭսһĳ塣ʱһһĳСѨһ˫ĺţ˫µŪꡣ걻Ūɧ̬¶ȫʨŤһĿнĺáมมҵĵѽӴ롭˼ҡ𡭡ࡡáѾ˶ΡมιһΡҪáһ𶪰ɡֹȻáᱻ㡭ġŶѽүүˡðɡӴá첻ˡŶιҵүҵĵ󡭡㡭มѽ㶪ɡࡡιѽø㡭һ𶪰ɡŶʱһڳԽʱȥ泩̲סáŶιҵġááѽ硭Ҳ졭Ҫˡ㡭ȵҡ硭ҪˡมѽҪڡõġСѨˡѽˡááม硭ҪˡҪˡҡһ𶪰ɡŶࡡүүѽѽáมѽ㡭Ҫ㡭ࡡιѽȻһˡҪˡŶมѽáˡҪˡѽҿҪˡһ¡ѽġҪˡŶˡѽҡҡˡˡŶˡมѽҡҡˡˬˡŶιѽ˼ҲҲǡҪˡӴġŶˡมιˡѽpˡมมˬˡࡡιѽҲˡŶáˡˡŶѽһһɣһȹѨģѨģȹp顣p˳УҲһһֱһĴͷСѨУţɨţˬˡ
Ϣһһ걧˷мŵһŰ칫ߣòٸ΢ŤͨĽǺţԣҲ˵Ǵԡ㴫У͸񣬷壬ʹƮãȻʧ롣һԭʼԣɳһ㣬ȣȻǼ@òٸջߵ΢΢˫ۣ˼ܵڷšһջԿƣһֻҰޣ촽ϣ˵˫աüӺͶޣܼһš
һ˫ۣԼǲͣҲеοޱȣΪҪάŮ˵ϣŮе̬Թţ˫΢壬һӱǿߺšáҪҪ㶼Ҫˣңһܲ˵ġͻȻ֮䣬ٺߺˣ̵ĴסˣСɸ˵ӣһĿдůģϯ̶̵꣬ɲǼ䣬еһУǻˡԼڣյġѫѫġ֪ȻġһеһСأҲ鲻Խģ֣˫ۣסľһ
һؽ§弰Ǹʵ壬أеܰʵһָӷĴ̼̬֮УңҪǻڣϢ١
˫ְԻ˼ĸϣѩۡͷѰɫͻ𣬻岻֡Ļ˼챦ֱеޣգǿǷӲͦ
ӲʵͦţһࡢŪ̼ʱʱأ࣬šһӾ磬ѪҺѭһͷ²š
һ촽ƣУȥ˱飬һһ飬һֻƶֱǱСѨСѨˮйˣʪܵŪһֶʪˡȻʱٸȻյȴ̴̵ģѽСסòţѹòϵŤһ벻Լ⸧Ū
ʱѱһŪ̲סĵšáιСҪˡࡡұ㡭ˡӴѽܡҰɡมมһɧ̬һĻɽ˻档һ˫ȷֿȥסĴ󼦰ָָͣⶴŻͷ׼СѨᣬƨȥ




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һѿʼĴͣĲߡʮ£ٸšáۡѽҴûࡡɸ˼ҡˡѽˡˡˡššһˡˡˡʹˡˡա˼ҡܲˡมٸĺ֣ʹػʹ죿ʵ߶УԭŮԵҪϾǴ̼Խʹ࣬ԽǾŮļ⣬ֳִĴ󼦰ܴͣﵽĵ߷壬ʹеʹܵõϵ㡣
˿ٸʹ࣬Ҳʹּһʹ泩˷̲ܵסؽ˫Сȣļϣһһµš
һֳѨļƣܡǴռ֮Ķÿһ¶ܴﵽŮҪ֮ÿͦһ£ٸĻ⣬ûһȻʹ˶Ȼо쳣һ治ס˺˽šáࡡӴҪˡҵġˡӴװġ󼦰͡硭มιҵġˡ㡭ˡҵġҵĵѽࡡιѽҲˡҳԡมҳԲˡࡡҪͣŶ¡ݺݵԿιװġҵġ󼦰͡үү¡Ŷһ˵ĺУŤţƨƷ糵ת϶ţ˵к߽вͣ˸ȥûһ˵ĳ棬æ˫§סСǰӵӵ˰ƨɣԼƨҲŤһ֮ᣬܽӴһĵطյķǳУ֮ᣬƽ֮ⲻڶİ취ͶӴιѽҵˡٸһҧʹ࣬ɱǿ﷢öġߡһʹ˰ݣƨ糵ļתһⶴڶӹĴ󼦰ͽѽࡡιѽҵġӡġ󼦰͡ˡมӴۡġ󼦰͡үү崩ˡŶιѽٸʹеĺ߽ţһȻûнƷһ֮ĳݺݵĲ˼¡һٸء֮⣬һǰҲãǺֻѨıԾͣڵıڶţĴ󼦰ͣͣ
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ٸҲСѨǵ̲סŤתƨɣʹͷĥѨģĥһУߺŤһ󣬲žİС촭³֮
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ڰ칫ϣڴһҲ˳жıϣԲɴƨɶѹǳһı϶ҲʹϢ֮ٲȡж˺ܾãٸ֮ᣬϢŤ˼£ϵͷţһ
һˣͽ󼦰СѨز˶壬ǰȥٸ֪һжʲᣬ΢΢̧ƨɣʹһ쵽ǰȥסǴˣȥסࡢĥ󡢿ۡĵʹã죬أԽԽ죬ԽԽءٸûŤзáมมมࡡ˼ҡˡáܻˡ˼ҡˡมࡡװġáԶˡ㡭󼦰͡硭ҵġôʹ졭ˬˬˡŶι@ࡡ歡ġˡܲˡӴιѽѾ̲סˡมมѽ˼ҡˡˡࡡ˼ҡΡˡŶιٸһɹɵֱĴͷţһ˵ģѨҲһһϵ˱Ŵͷһ˱ȫpp飬̲סĺšáมιá硭Ҳˬˡѽǡˡá硭ŶŶιġѨġšҵġͷp顭ˬѽ硭ѨġˡǶˡมมˡˡһֱ§ķ۾촽ѹʪ΢΢ֿĶƬӣϣţͬʱزĥͦ飬Ȳϵ䶯һѹ۵ĽֻȥĥֻСšԽ§ԽһС죬һĥǰ۹ԲСȣ󼦰ͳ˳Ժĥǹ⻬ССѨܣȻ塣
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ٸ˱ˮֱԵĽʨĲŤţͣزţģϵؽʱеġššߡߡŶι
ʱһѽǸӲĴ󼦰ͣһȫʪܵУǵƬѳƽ״խý󼦰ͽסܲͨ磬ʹһеһֻŴһ˫խЬһʼػĳСѨ
һѶεĳ壬ʹŮ˿֡ʱ弼ܺãܹѵƵģÿһ飬ؽ󼦰ͰεڣȻһ壬ֳײѨϣֱٸСѨˮֱһġ̡̡ٸСѨܣ˵ĴȸѶˮʪ飬˶มมมšÿһĴ󼦰ʱٸ̧ܵƨһͦһ£ʹڵı⣬ͷЮһ£ԽԽоϣһܹغҲһȥ
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ʱһǾԸеĳ㽿̼Ѫڣȫ˾޴ĲܵȫҵţյɫĴ𣬶귢˵Ĵεĳ档
˿̵ҲǸ޴ļԻţ˾޴ĵپһӵԼ׵ĿУ񾭶̼Ҳ̲סášߡСɫô󵨡ม㲻ม㲻ӴСɫǡſҡɫɫǡŶſҡԡѽӴιѽ˵ſ˫ȴסһȫͣŤšһĽֱĽУĴ󼦰ʹ̼Ǵ˼㣬ͣĽײСѨˣϵĥˣĥ̲סغáѽСɫǡ㲻ࡡĻҵġĥҵġӴɫǡҪûˡѽѽ㲻มม@꽿һĴ󼦰ͣǻȥĥˣȴͦƨɣŤתƨɣȥϴ󼦰͵ĥתĥתɧͣšáӴɫǡɫǡมม㲻ĥˡĥҺˡࡡûŶˡมŶˣһֱŤתƨɣͦƨɣһĴ󼦰̽ȥһȴŪⲻѴ󼦰ͲСѨðšáࡡɫǡŶҵġ󼦰͡硭á㡭ࡡιѽø硭󼦰͡硭ɡáˡࡡιðɡ㡭มมɡҰɡһɧܵĿ״ŵĽ󼦰Ͷ׼СѨСѨеˮһ壬󼦰ͺݺݵĲСѨС걻ͻĴ󼦰ͣС족ѽมιһĻС
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һʱѱ¶޼˵̼꣬ľʣֻ֪壬ܰǰѻȵ
ͣͳ壬ְɧּʼ΢΢ͦƨɡŤƨɣȥӭսһ͵ĳ壬أˬšáࡡø硭󼦰͡үүมมסġáࡡιѽ󼦰͡ڡ롭áˡӴѽɷ򡭡áˡʱȫˮܣˤһ˻䣬һĳ壬һͦŤţ˫ıסѽ󼦰͡硭ӴáûСᡭࡡιѽ׸硭áˡѽүүáҪ㡭ˡมมιѽˬˬ˼ˡŶŶӴѽҵġڡࡡáˡáܡû㡭ѽมιá㡭׸硭ɷ򡭡มѽҡúðҡι




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ΪֹһڴϣɳϣԼսһΣЩط˴սĺۼҲ󵨰죬³¸ǻỳʲôҲЩĺۼ߳˳¸ǵķ䡣
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걻Ǵе⴦оŪûɣһĸᵽؿڣ޷飬ü΢룬һȫȫһ§ʵŲ̱ϡ
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һſʼʱùͷڴֱͣܲС۶ǹɿ飬ҡ˽ʱһ͵һֱ߰УĳָصԴ




140¡־ӵ

λ侫츾Ǿ˸ŮԼʱѱһŪô鲪һŋײסҡ񶶣һΣѩ׷۱ץŴ齿"šˡˡš"󣬾Ȼ̲ס
ֻθʣҡϣ̺޾ˬ㣬һͦһǣִС۶ͣĳ壬ȫ쳣вԾĴһʴǵĽ
һսиһддɢص㣬˷ܵÿﱩǣֽץʼһͳ鼱ֻͣһ"žž"죬ʱ̴³ϣһǿסһ⾥һȹĺڹͷϣһ˵ٽֱһԺزûصס˳һæҧǿǹɑjѹ
й̱꣬ſڴϣһ޵ĽĽ£ٶȽֿ˫ȿԼУһַס׼ˮС۶ڣٶȽ˽ȥֱס΢̼ʵΣʼ͡
һν˸߳ԺһŽõľҺһԵӹĶõ˼ԺЩ뿪һļԼļҡ
صԺҪٻصȥǾոչŵʱȴͻȻоǰһĶһ֮£һҪгˣǵԼɷɳһĳ̵ʱ֮£ˡ
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ҪģӹԹȣƯ·Ҳǲˣ㣬ôء־˿ͬһֻβ͵һģ۾¶׹⿴ǰԼӵŮˣ뵽ովȻһ˵תշлţĳһλȴֲĴ
ǲǾ㲻ѽǲǾܷɧԹѽ־յﴭŴƽ꣬еķȼ֮£һӱüӲ
־ռҪԼ˵ӣڽͷ̧־գ㲻Ҫô׺òãҸոȥˣô֪Ⱦƣ֪٣һ룬жûˣ˵ҿѽ㽫ҵʲôˣֻˣÿֻǸϴ·أ˳Էʱʲôʱۿأ㲻ҪңȻͻҪҵģôˣ۹⿴ңѾܹˣ鶼ˣҲ޻˵Уɡ־΢΢һ㶣ǵһοʲôԼǰ˳ܵԼǰЪ˹˵Ļϵģ־վʶˣԼҹ˾ʱ˵Ĵ˵϶ȥģĸȥԼ̸֮ҲԼ£ͻᴫɽˡ
ӸԼһñҲΣΪ飬ʹԼɥʧ˾򳤵ĻᣬԼЩŬǰ׷ôȻк޲ýԼŮ˸ˣ뵽־ȴɵѹҪʲôѽǲȫԺ˶֪ѽߣ㲻˼֪ȻµˣģǵԵ־͵ˣ׼ɡ꿴־ԼǰͻȻһ˵ı־յ̬ȵʮȻ֪Ϊʲôˡ
뵽ʮķԼĿ֮еλþȻһ򳤵λҪôܲأΪͷһ˿ľ֮飬ҲһɢˣӶֱ׳Ҫˡ
־ЩŵĿǰԼĿ֮һֱԼӣ۾еŭһεȼҪǰɣأԺͺúǸС˳һǲǣߣĴˣҪǰɣѽҾȥ򳤣˵һţҿôûˣҲһܵþϣҵҪҽ鷴ӦǸطһôģǺǣСҲҲɡһʱ֮˵Ļȴû뵽־վȻвԼˣһο־յĿʶԼʮһһķǶôĲֵõģжҲӵ
־һвԼȴץסߣ꿴־գ˵㻹ǲǸѽȥһģҪ֣Ҳֻܹ㲻Űˣ֣Ҿˣ˼С˵ʲôѽĻȻ˵ŵģȴСȻ츾ΪԼӰ쵽һ־յǰˣ֪ԼƢ־Ȼ֪Լˣ֮£־ЦһãҲһȥһ鷳ǲǣǾͻе̸ֻҪӦԺǵ£Ҿһֻ۱һֻۣ˳ĵ˸򳤣һԿǺ飬һ˳Ļᣬȥһһ㿴ôһϣ־ռһҹĩߣʱڴЭ飬ȥȰ˵һĽ򳤵зӦ־գͬʱһݣһνӴ¸ǵĻᣬúõ̽һί쵼˵ѡǸʲô˼Ӧ־գ־մһ׼̣־ҪΪ򳤵ʵ֡
Ϊۣ˼һһ飬־ҲٹʣͬʱֻҪһЭԼ˸򳤣ôԼλԺ󣬻飬һ˳һĻᡣ
һȻ뵽Լĸڣ־շΪԼһЭ飬﷢йΣ־һ꣬һһȻ˯ʮֱֵڶϣһ֮˹
뵽ԼϾܿ¸Լսķĸܵʵһһ˷֮£һٶ˴ϴԷһٶдŽдһͿ¸Ǻ͸СдԺɢŲء
һֻվС࿴һЦһһк¸Ƕһ̬ȻǺһȻ߹һߣȴһ˿Ҳûпһһ£һ¸ǵӣһʱӵǰŸСһߣһĺ޲ھѹڳ¸ǵϣ·ǹ⣬޸߹ĸˣԼǰǲǻһĿ˵ӡ
ǣ˯ôѽ˯ûԣﲻ֧ҵ˲֪жٱأһȥ˯ˣˬģˡС˳¸ǰ벽һһߺͳ¸졣
ţһʼ̫ϰߣǺͺˡ¸ǻӦСǣôϰˣ㿴ﲻϰߣҵºС˵ȥǸĽһ£ǿҪסϰµģϰߵĻǿɲСΪ飬С֪Լְڣ¸һ˵Ժ󣬸Сæ
ҲûʲôˣҲдĶµļҾƷɣϽԺҾζֵֹģ̫ţֵǣϢʱҲûŵǹɹζѽǺǣˣǻЩҵģҲס治ϰߣԲŻðɡ¸ڸСǰûʲôӣĴһģʲôС˵
վһߵһȻ˳¸Ǻ͸СĶԻҲ֪򳤺Ϊ˽Ӵó¸ǣһο˴󹦷ģҪסķʩµģһû뵽ǣԼһսԺϢȻ˼ҾζһɵİмҪЦ˶ӡ
뵽¸ǾȻԼ˷Ϣ˯һϵģһвɵһ˿Ŀ⣬Ȼ뵽¸߹ŮˣȻԼĶߣһָоһ˿Ĵִ̼̼֮£һоԼĳһλЩ
ŶǣҽȥһЩζĶҲϾŲЩζˡСƽĵ¸ȴҡҡͷСߣˣҪµȥȥһǵũ彨裬˯ģʱȥŴ͸һҲͻһЩģҲףҪΪҵöġС˵ͷû˵ʲôˣԺ󣬳¸ǸʲôһģֽŵˣСߣһе㶫ҪأһȥһǣǸ׼һµëҲ֪ôģëϴԺմմģˮԺ󣬻һǣҲ֪ˮʵԭëԭء




141¡ײ˺µŮһ

һȻ֪ԼսԺëСҺɾˣëȻǴ˵Һˣ뵽¸ǾȻһëϴˣһ¸ǵһŵָƵ֮մԼĶӣ뵽һѸٵıüӲ
ų¸ڶȹ֮µĻԲ̵ͦһЩаЦģҲӷôҵ˰ɣһΣֻССĶһ£㻹ӵĻһΣɾͲֻմҵҺëϴôˣҲһֱС쳢һҵҺζˡһ˼ʱ򳤺Լ˶ˣ¸ȻҲֹͣ˺͸С̸һҪԼĽ꣬ǸСȴһֱԼ˵ߣһһҲûС
ԹԺ󣬳¸Ǿ򳤺ǵ֮ͬµȥˣҲȥˣдֻʣһһˡ
ż˶ˣһһЦ˳¸ǵķ䣬˽ȥһ֮ûʲôԭ򣬶Ҫһ£һԺԼ˴սԺĺۼﻹ˶١
һԺһŵһɵϢϢȻǺԣһȴϾ֪ˣԼڷսʱĺۼ뵽¸ǾȻϢ֮˯һϣһĳλɵ¡
Ϣ⣬ҲûʲôͻȻ䣬һ뵽˳¸˵ë飬һЦ߽һ߽䣬һвɵ΢΢һ
ԭϴ̨ϣ˵ǳ¸Ǵģϻģ·İڷŵλһ֪·һûϴġ
תͷһţǽŵģ䣬ԼУб˸ҽģ¸һֵȥˣǲǾζţԼһİ츾ô
뵽Щһٳɣ£һһõһһɵĵһû뵽߹ĸĳ¸ǣﾹȻ˵ˣǼﾹȻ˿ٵģˣһ󲿷ģﴩϣʣὫһԷ˵ԵķеԽˣˣǰɫӣңҲһ͸Լǰֵģ뵽Щһɵİһڿˮ
ŵԼıӱϣһһоһĴһ˿㣬ִһ˿츾е㣬һ˿֭ζϢ뵽Լı棬ŵϢһЩ
ǼһԺһЩĩһģİ츾֮ķС￴һ͸ոǼһҲƿ˵ģֻɲλãһƴСĲƬ
Ȼոպܽ¸Сס¸ǵСԵȷʺһ㣬϶ǻбԵ¶ģһЩ˵ëҲһƿ˵Ŀ׶֮¶Ҳ߹ĳ¸ǣһ˵ķɡ
һһ߻ų¸ǴԸе˵ӣһߺŴɢĳ¸ΪŮԵе㣬һԼĳ嶯Щɶ
¸ǵĸ߸ϣһ뽫Ů˸ѹ£ÿһ˴ϸ߸ϵĳ¸ǣǲҲƽʱĿˣһȴ֪ڵԼͳ¸˿ˣһθӴԺԼҪأ֮Ի뷨޷ҲԼԼҸοɡ
ڣİ츾ԼǰԼò츾ǲ·ԼοԼһ£ҲǶһֱɡ뵽¸ǻᴩմԼҺһģӣһǲɵ¶˼аЦ
뵽һͳԼĴ󼦰ͣ¸֮ķСɧµڿԼĴ󼦰ϣʼ׶һ׶ţһһ߻ų¸ǴԸ˵ӣĺôŴˣһ˽΢Ҳû
С౾ų¸һ𵽴ȥģߵ·ϣСȴͻȻ˳¸ɢʱԼ飬뵽Сĸ¸Ҫȥ¸Ǵ÷ζ˳¸ǵ˵ͷ˵øСصıˣԺ󣬾дԼˣԼһͻˡ
֮£СصдǴ˳¸ǵķԺ󣬸СЩˣΪһڳ¸ǵķڿ粿ͣ׶ţĴ󼦰ϵģȻϴԼͳ¸һȥ˿ڿ㡣
СҲٸ֪Ƿʲô£һʮıˣһĻԺ󣬸СŵôģϧǣΪĳʹٸȻŴ죬ȴһ˿ŵһƿɲȴһ˵ϡ
һҲû뵽СྐྵȻʱˣһ춯ԺһعͷСԺҲһӴһϾһھһ亹ԺϾͷӦˣ֮£һһʳ֮ʣŸС˹ȥֻøСһһ˵ϡ
ٸ˵˵ԺһоһٸԼı棬̼ԼոΪİ¸ǵ֮ķСɧµڿ˷񾭣ʹһǰĸ
ûо̵ĸСƺѾŵò֪ηӦˣľȻ˵ذ֮ϣûκεһ˿ľٶµٸƺѾʧȥ˷ӦһĵӴ̧壬ǰٸ
С˫ֽǰһվʳָŸС°ͣһű˫ЩҰ׵ǰһϸߺÿһλʱһС˫ִǰ͸Сѩ׵鹵ͻȻһжţһж֮£С·һСһ˵ĳһǰ
𶯣Ҳ𺰣ҵ㶼֪ˣ룬Ϊ˱סҵǰ;Ҳ⽫ɱ˵ģߺߣҪǲǾ͹ԹԵһһŸСļ壬һ૵ĵ¶һĿ⣬˿̵뵽ģǵõٸ壬Ҫв֤ݣԼոյ˵ȥַܹܲãһʱҲȥᣬΪһҲңõģҲֻôˡ
СҲ̲סδɷ˿Լ塣ͬʱһһѣһһΰߣܴ覴õ塣ʱСƺЩӦһƽὫڴϣÿһ缡ͣוĽϣᲦŪŷۺСͷ
Сʱ鼫ңһĻһҪ÷ҪСŵһʧȥ˷Ӧټһһȵɣɵ÷ƺһʱ죬С˫ſҪһŮ˽ܵĵطϸСͻȻ˫һϣУУܿһЦͻȻС巭תȥıߣĳֳһڸСβϣѸץסС֣ó˳¸ǵڿ㣬ְ
·ŷӦƵģСһֵĴУһ㡭Ҫʲôſңһһﲻ߽ȡɹ·ӣ˫黨һͰסȡһСĽ°ãٽ˫Žڴͷϣһ㣬СѨȫһңһҪҪҡС޺šһѹ·ӣѵʣһڿʱϴڸСߣ·ɼסСߵĽ飬ֱסСұߵĽ飬ͷǡŸСķ۾Ҫ㣬һңﲻҪҪ㡣Сధšһᣬԭס֣˫ȵĹɼ䣬ָʼڽ۵ĴŪš
ʱСȻţҪſҡС಻һеĺУþŤšʱСоһ촽Ķͷ»ʼǽյ˫ۣ岻ɵô𺮲ҪСδԼɷ۾Բָ֪од̼ܵã΢оһͷ۾˶䣬ڶϸǿǡ˱š




142¡ײ˺µŮ

ʱС룺ֵĸоôȫ޷ֻܲͣ䶯Žǲһеһ·ǲҲɲԼˣԲԾ̾һѨҲʪˡ
һСķӦ˳ƽͷӣͣݸǻС̲סššСԼе̣ܵԼͷһͷȥû뵽ȴһԼĿǻڣ޷롣ˮϵĴ˳Сֿһͷеÿһλһͷȥò²һĿˮ
ⳡŰŸոտʼǸСȴѾһ༼֮£ͷѻоݷһҪԼǬԾһ㡣
֪˶ãһŽͷӸСĿ˳ŽĿסǶԽ飬һһŪ鷿ͷһ鷿ϣصš
ʱСȫʼðĳһʱͷСװŪŸСǷۺɫͷ
Сĵʹ֮ǿŲгʱȴҲ̲ס˳ˡһ𡭡ˣܡܲ˰һ˿ᣬΪ׸СѾ״ݻˣܽ˻ΣСѾעһ˽һˣһϸĵŸСÿһ۵ļֱͷĶͣһһһһšġˡһ󡭡㣬𡭡۸ˣܡܲ˰С಻ϵĽģһδ˳ʱǰϷ˿Ҵ̼ĹܣֻжΪĶׯ࣬Ů˵֣СֻһֿݣǱǡҡһٽССȶǿʼǣ˹򵽴ڲ࣬Сʱ˿ѾҲܲסţáֵĸоʱһͷѾ𽥽ӽСѨ
СͻȻһСˣܡСΪ˱һϣ֪õĵֿһЦ˵飬ĻԶʪ͸ˣҺúõΪǬҪһСధߵĿšֻһ˱ʱౡౡౡС಻ͣҡͷ޽У𡭡áߡúߡһֻ˱ŸСˮʱƬʺνŪţþŸС٣ʱС뼫ҵĸйٴ̼ŤţԵȫɢ޵̬
һͣڿ㣬޴Ȼͦ𣬸Сһһֵı飬˫ۣŵ˵ţܣ⡭ô󣬷ŽҡһģҪ𿿽𿿽ң󡭡㣬һһöС͵ڵݱȹͷĸִ֮һԽʱ˳öԴ춴ˣѨŴ󣬹ͷĥСȻ׳
һ޴ٴĥţС຦µȫధţһСҰɣӲŽȥҡҵѿġһԼĿºҧгݣһᣬԼ˽ȥͷûڸСѨֻСһҪ죬졭γȥ㡭̫̫󣬰˼ҡܲˣСѨʵ̫ˣһ壬СѾʹˮֱƴŤҪ㣬ȫýģ޴ɶ㣬ֻпŰ󣺡ҪٲˡġҰɡܵġ㡭Ҫǿ塭һʵ飬ټͻشңҵŮ˺òãҪ˵ȥСڴϢҲҪû˵Сһ춯صĲҰ漴һʹ˹ȥ
ԭһһСش𡱲һ֧ȫӲСѨСһ׻еĸС෢ߺ˵飬ԲˣΪ㲻˵ȥҲֻˣû뵽С¾ȻôĽȻͬһŮһģҵѡҲûдѽΪŮ˽˼ҲֵõġСڻȻüƺڻ޷ܵʹ࣬һжһһ̲סĸǵĳšʹ࣬ʹûеĸСһԼϳ۳ܵľʹʹſģҪһҡҺʹ󡭡γᡭҵŪģˡĲˣһЦ˵٣٣٣飬ϷŸҪʼأһҪɵ߳˵꣬ӿٶȡҡҿˣҪˣСཿסһӿٶȵĳ壬ټϸ߳ĵӹһ춲ֻ֧˹ȥ
ʱһȫ۾Ѫ˿СǷܲס͵ŸСѨͻȻ侪һף⡭Ů˵СѨ桭ӡȻ˱ʵ̫ˣ⡭Ů̫̫ˣȸԾѵʱ򣬸Сʹ˹
һ˷ܵ˵飬СѨʵ̫ˣеҺСʹİţҪˣС˰ɣ㡭ܡٸˡһʵѾҵŮˣ֪𣿡Сʱٴδﵽ߳һĳʵѾҵŮˣ֪𣿿ش𣡡С಻ͣҡͷںڵ㷢ɢҵķţʱͦǰһѩ׵ĽΪһĳͣҡţһʴǵĻ治ͣһӾܡСҵĻش𣺡֪֪ˣҡ㡭Ůˣʹ߳ĽķʹøСһı--ԡ춱һˡ飬Ҫ侫ˡһ춸оҪˣ飬ҪӹԣᡭỳУҪСྪֵļæܾ飬ҾҪ㻳УҪˣһ˵Ҫһ㣬𡭡һСγСཿš
һ᣺ˣɣһŨ䵽˸СֻСһҪ漴ֵλιȥ
֪˶ãСԺУʪʪĶϵƶҵʹʹ˹ʹʹมС߽š飬ˣһЦŸСࡣСʱ֪һͷԼԼ棬δ뿪Թ˵㡭˰ɣһԷſ˰ɣĺʹ˵ţԼ
һЦ飬Ÿոѣأܰɣ˵ţָֽˡС෢ԼֱˣҡͷҪҡĲˣֱĿ̣ܲˣһ߸ɱ˵飬һҪ㣡ֻ֮С಻ϵİ޽Сšһ㽫ڸСѨгСʱ˾ҺСӹװģĳ˳ֻСһҽУһ̽һöСѨУþҺҸ߸Сࣺ飬аɣҪ㻳ҵĺӡϣڸСߣ§ŸСĽ˯СңĿš
¸ǵķĴһƬң˯һλȫ޶˵ŮˣſڴһҲĻ˯ţȫɢһ˵Уһ֪ոǾһôҵ԰СʱԺһһ߽˷䣬˴ǰ
˵ţʵ̫ˣ갮֮ȫƤӹ⻬ۣӵĹǵŮˣһҪȫļĸС顣һСķ̧ߣڶͷøСſڴϣ΢׵Ѩȫֳһۣ̾ĸš˵̲סŸСţÿһ޶ǳϸšֻСӱǿ״΢Ľšš




143¡ײ˺µŮ

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ΣҲ緹ʱˣ˴·ԺһȥôݷˣһԵõǿĵúܣǸСȴʳ֮ζԹԺС뵽Լһʱ̲סĵ
ٸ˿̾˵飬һУСӣһȻĶС§סСְСཿ۵̰˱Сӣ
С֪Ժ³ңΪһֻùֳѱӻӦһǣšһСزͣظ·ŸСͦĽ飬С಻ͣ˫ֵֿţϾŮ˵ޣټһ߳ǼɵöͷðûõʱСѾ㺹졣
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һشͷ򵽸Сĸ֫ѣһֱСĴԣС̲סѨѷĳ֣ҲһƬΡ
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СĬĬؽӹ·ϣһ׷ǳװС͹ţһԷĽ鱻ıţݷʱᵯһѩ˵鹵֣ϸСڽȹĳ֮£չֳ˵Χ
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Сн˫ȣٴסȵļкϣ˫ζֿһ㣬˸С弸Ϊ޷״̬С༱æҪסһ֣һŰ˿Ϸɣһְֻȹϣͣظ
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СʱԼĽһ§ڻͣظţ֧޴ȻزԼСѨСధţһ㣬ҰɣﶼѾɵˡУ˭и㳤̫ˣʵ̫ˡһȫԼܿơλŮĽ˷ܡ
ʱһϵͷļɣŸСд춣С̲ס䶯ƨɣһ͸䶯ĸо΢ش̼СڿеԸС




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СĽʵ޷һļӶĸ߳ʹСþһδ侫ʱѻԹȥСѹʱֻԼСѨʹżϲ
ŸСһȸԾ˵ȥϴǬСһһ˵ɵ΢΢һ㶣û뵽ĳֱӣͬһһģΪֹѾԼüˣǾȴôĿܣԶҲƣһģţСͷ߽ԡңã㴫ԡ
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Сȫ¶һǰ̲סߵʣסװģܲܰСȥһס¿㣿⡭ӺáˡһЦҡҡͷ˵Уӽ𣬸ֻһ˵ģⱲûлб˿ٴ¿ˡС֮ɵô˸˲ű̬гĲ̬ռԼΪйߣĽӴ˲ա뵽˴ǰһƬڰǿ֧Ųû赹
Сధ˵ص˵ͷ˵㡭̫ˣҡѾŮˣ㲻ôءءС̲ס˳һЦʲôⱲֻܹͱˣ򡭡٣٣٣һĿյЧСԼ԰¼ֹͣ˿һóԿףȡС˫ַڱ󣻸С຦µ˵װģ㡭㲻ðңһᡭԹԵĸߣȫ˳ӡ˼㣬ҪҡһؼСཿĶֱСǶѩͦĽ½֮󣬲ſڣѸҵ˼͹Թ˳Ӱɣ𣿹С౯˵صͷ˵Ҷһĵͷһ¸СŽӺᱧԼɳøСԼϣţϸꡭСһεڣҲЩˣһע֮£Ȼ˯˹ȥһڽһ˸СԺ󣬳ḧŸСϰӷ۾絽˵أһԳʹԼ֪ŪŮˣǶ춻еŮȴҪռһӵ嶯
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С໺ſ˫۾һĿһ漴ԼһˣһĸСֻر˫ĿֻһСᣬǷһ˿̵ЦҲֻͷСϵµ룺ԽǲԸңȴƫƫܵõ㣬쳣˷ܡһʵС飬һĺӣôأѵ㲻ĸԸҲٵôСһĸԸĸװģ롭١˵Ǹ㣬áøΪŮˡǸΪʲôҪأһʵΪ٣̫ˡСŵĽšһЦȴɫ˵Ŷԭˡһ˵ߴµĿڴȡһңС֮󲻽죬ַԼʲôҪѯʣֻһеңؿأͻȻĶС̲סؽϢװġڸ桭ʲôáรһЦ˵ûʲôֻǿѣ͸֮ȻСȡ졭٣٣ҵĴôа취ССѨظأС֮ȫµ÷Ҫܡáʹ࣡óУ󡭡ġСɣһһֱֻŸС࣬һָֻŪŸСѩ׷أʱôķָʳָŷۺɫСͷ˿Сİеͣ𶯣ټһŪ֮£С׵¶ʹ˷ܲǿ͵ı飬ˮѷģ˳ѩ׵ĴڲȻ
һ˸С򦣬ϸϸšڻ޶˵ﻒڲסüߵı飬ӣСдĽһ̾ѵһﰡŮеļƷֻҪܸһΣٻʮҶԸ⣬οӽ𣬸ҪΪҵŮˡҵĽԶӲҵģÿҰôɾôɣ˷ܡǡܲܿ졭Щأ顭ܡܲˣС޷ʯĳˣֻûʽ߳ģһ̬Ĵ塣ʽȻӳЧֻһڣŶĪǸȲ뵱ҵŮˣǵȲ뱻ҸˣǲǣСǿ߳ܣǡǵģװġŮˣԡȲءҪҪװģҪЩװġɡСίѣǿס޳
һվеĸС£ãʵ͵ȲҪСˣһǣϵڸС۾ĴӣǣŸС߳䣬ѨĹϵʹøСŲǣֻţһҡ
һ˵飬ſӣͷСһķԸšһһֶӣŽͿȥСͷУ˱ţѾĻþֶβŲ񵽵Ҫװģ𡭡ҡС˫ᣬ̲סġһЦ𣬽СĽߵ߷ܿؽԼ·ѹ⣬ڴ˵飬СԼµһҪԼʲôΪȡѨСίίǿԼӯӯ¡




147¡ײ˺µŮ

һЦ˵飬ӣСɷ񡣡СڵϣʪĴ۾һſĺ촽ͷһ޴СһŸСҡ㷢ŬԼڽӡװġСñ˵ţȻĸ򣬵ͷ󣬾˳šС۵ģͷţȻٽһ޴Сһ淢ĺţһ濪ʼ˶š
һʵ飬ó𣿡šúóԣСߺش֮󣬰ں㷢˦ȥһ޴˱һһָСѩĽ飬һ¶ı飬ͷѾ֡ԼСı顣
һʵҵС࣬Ժÿ㶼Ҫɷڽ֪𣿡ǡ֪֪ˡװġСһ潿ţһشһ汧סСͷƿڽٶȣͬʱҲҪͷ׼֪ͣ𣿡С಻ͣذһ޴ڽţ֪˶ãССѾ鵽˿û֪ĵزһţҪˣҵС࣡ҪȫȥһٸСͷ޷ӱܣССȥȻ侫Ľ࣬ҡŸСͷŻСüҪŻµǿζŨҺҵڸСССۿ飬ʹƵı飬԰ƴҪһľҺ
һؽߵٸС౧ϴȡѨؽС౧ϡʱСһѩ׷ĽѹһʵϡĸС౻ر¡Ľ飬ܵǿѹȣеѣ˫ҲŷζˣһСŽĦĿУͬʱһָֻСͷһߵͷʱ¶䡣Ļ͸ˣƽʱ㷢żڸǽ޵ʵ̫ϧˡһͱ̾š
С֪Ե¶һĨߺ󣬼ҧüӣɢŰСһͷڸСѩ׵ķ۾£Ӷ䣬ڽԼҺСüë𣬺ԵøӼ٣Ӳʺɫںӣ﷢Ľ飬˰ɣһʵáСԵػشšĴ̼Լһһȵ༼£СѾԳǱӣҲϵŤ⣬ȸѨʼΣӴط٣٣٣벻˱ҵͷһЦţͷСԥһеſ촽ӭһ⣬šγɿҵǡʺɫӣĴУͿںζʹһ˷ܵ㡣
Ȼʹһ˵ǣСؽ³ĺͣŤ⣬ӭһͷ໥һʱС˱һͷһżװҪγʱû뵽Сȴ˱˵촽Ťҷౡ˱
ʱǣ˵촽춷ֿˣСϲ飬ʱһԽ鲻ͣšװġ㻹Ҫ۸ҡҲˡҲˡСҡѾɢҵ㷢ȲĿ˵šҪ˵Ҹ㡣һⶺŪšֻ˵С಻ͣŤԼĽѩ׷Ľ»ζšһţ˵㡭ǡ޴С࡭ѨС࡭С༸š
һ˵̡һ޴زСѨֻСһҵİţʹС಻ͣҡͷͦءŤšһһŸСѨһ治ͣ˵Ļ飬Ѩ̫ˣذҵˡҪʹװġ㡭㡭ҵʹøС಻ϵؿ޺šСѨľ޴תѨĦɦѨ̰ؼסһ޴ţʹ˶ޱǿҵĸйܡˡҵ塭Ѿˡŷḻѧʶʸ߹ŵŮС࣬屻һ̳ӺԼҲûа취ԼطĽΪõ߳ͣΪ˷ܶʹýͬʱĵŤţȫɢáˡѾ֪áôˡҡҪйˡҪйˡСѾȫԨֻܲͣŤϸнԼѨľ޴طй٣٣㻹ܸ߳ϣܰɣһľ޴͸СĽȻһ𡣡ڿеĽżſС죬֪Ե۾ҲۣĵȡСԾɳڼָ߳Ŀ֮С
ʽƺڵĸСԺܵһ޴ļɴС࣬Ѿһ޴˽һͷңСѾ߳ġΣһȴһҲû侫С౳һϣСȵĶĵһĨκ죬΢΢ſӣţҲʱ¶׵ıݣҧº촽ڻ㱵ľƽʱĸ߹ѱȡˡ
ܵѨѾѪףľ޴մϸСҺҵĹ󡣡ҵСţѨʵ̫ˣҪÿ춼㡣һϲã֪Ҳ˷ܣһѩ׵ķ۾ǣһ渧ŷѩ׵Ľ飬޴ȻڸСѨгšɣҵСţǽǰɣһѸСͷת˱촽ʱСҲͷһšװġѾ˰ɡҡܲСֻͷͣˮУһûнһȻܾʹСĽ鱻һӱסţҲ»ζšһסС⣬ڸС󣬸СſڴϣͬʱҵسѨ治ҵСšššСѾ˵ˣֻܴӱǿð΢ӺҲŤѩ⣬̼һϼӿѨٶȡޡҵС࡭һ˻šСӹܵһ޴Ұ̼ҳ󣬻ȵľҺڸСĽںȻͬʱСҲΪõǿҸ߳ѣιȥ
һԽһ䡣Сſڴϳػ˯ţͷɢҵ㷢СĽţϵ·ﲻϲ˺һĿˮҺӺ׵ѨһҶ˵ľ񡪡ݷһ使޵ʻܴݲСһº̣š
һϢһᣬŸСȻ˯ʱѵһ˿ңԡ׷ˮȫĸС౧߽ԡҡһѸСࣺҵСţһѣϹϴ衣С෢ӡһתѣҰɡסװġǵһһô򵥾ͽһŸСĽԡףСȫİͷһţĽһĻСһĻ֪ӣȻˮ֮УҲ˸
һСˮĹϵ֪ϳĵĹ˵۾˰Թ͸ˣȫǰĸСࡣһ˵ǶôԸеı飡飬ӽԺҵӡҵŮˡҵĽҵū֪𣿡С룺⡭һ׷ʣ֪֪ԺͶ˵һ飬ҪǡС೹ģ˵ҡӽԺǡӡġŮˡġġԡū˵֮󣬱Լĺ촽͵ٵԼһ֮ǵϣһĿǻššСѾȫһ֮£һĸ߳Ǽ֮£СÿεǶһֱܻĸоȫȫʹҡѾӲĿˡСһŬһǣһ롣ܵŪԼΪԸС֪ԼѾһŮˡÿ쳯˼ĺһˮûбõˡһӸС󱧽ƤӴζҸСĽԶ壬鷿ϸϸͷƨɡ




148¡ֱһ

ҵСţϹúõİ㡢㣬Ϊһרҷйֻ֪̬Ůˡһһˮ񺣲һƮëƸСѩ׷أһ٣ֱزͣĦѨװġСͷת¶˵ı飬ʼŤװġˡС飬ѩ׵ǰŤšװţǲҪˣΪСĽǿңһǿ˸ٶ뼼ɣڸСķ۾þȥҸ긧顣ܡϡϹһѸСߺת˹ͷСӣʱС˸ǿҵķӦװţҪҸȥ𣿡һʵС¶ѩ׵ҧ촽šѾܹһ޴ϴѨһһȵָŪܿľɦ
һѸС̧𣬾ˮУһ޴ҵСѨͻȻҵز˽ȥʹʹڸСˮѨһ޴룬ܸ߳ټȶȣøСð˺顣
һԡ￪ʼСѨ˫ȣɵسţСĽˮϡϹҵСమޣԶҲ뿪һҪ̳ΪֻҵūһѾȫڸСĽĽ𽥼ӿ죬׼Ҫٴ侫С࡭Ѿ㡭͡㡭СƴҡͷѾսʤԡСͷһͷںڵ㷢Ʈɢһϣߵ¶ɧĵı顣ӣʹһ̲סĳ嶯ƴؽ޴ڸСѨسš
һһνСױӵŸСĽ˯ȥ֪˯˶ãСѹܵļԼٸĴ磬֪еһвΣȷʵϡСеǿҵľ˫ֻһڱ𾭹˶ε裬ػԹȥ
һ˯ߣСֻܵԼҲ˵׾˶ٴв֪ٴα˯Լ˵Ť⡢ɧ˵ţıǿ˵ԼһŮˣҷһū˵ĻԺ󣬱Űǿң¶Լһ档
ѨһʹڱֱѾû֪СţѾˡ塭Ѿû취ٹˡѾܵѾԼģֻ˳һа˵ĻūءءءԼҵС಻ɵ÷
һһ˯֮̽˯ߵĽС˫ٽСϰѹſ£ѶƵ棬󣬽Ŵ컨һס
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СѾҲ޷ܣ̬߳ܵȻҪһţһ뵽һ춳˵ľ޴ԽԼСѨͺҪһ㣬οǸţһ뵽СͲڰĿ־СһָŸСѩ׷⣬˵ҵСమޣ㲻ܲƽҪԹ֪𣿷ΣԼһвСŽٳֻܱһ˫˵¡һָѩ׷ֿøϸ͸СĸšССĸţʾûбɬǸСܵһߣ⿪ʼװġҪǸطҪ㡭һָǸطС಻ɵÿ޽δԼ䵽ôѿĴһĸʾ쳣ȤС಻ɵýʼ
Ҫпס֡СŰš飬ĸˣɰ۵ĶϾͻΪſġһ¶ǰδ˷ܱ顣ءҪһҰɣڸܵŪǰѨܵŪСе߳ѿһëȻĸоǿҵܸ߳ʹС಻ͣһǳĵСĸţڸСſڵÿһ֪͸ʲô𣿺٣٣٣Ҫĸһһ֧͸ڸСǰһ£ȻӽСĸſڡҪһ͸ĸоʹøСӺҵĿѩ׷ͻȻһӽͬʱͦ飬͸ߵζôһ͸塣ڸСĸתоγȥͻȻʹСѹʵܲˣƴҧزг̲סʵĿءʵ̫ǿˣС಻ͣҡͷ᲻ϵشۿ٣٣٣ѨҲˮˣԭĸǺϲġһָⲻͣݼСе٣һ˵
һ͸ߵĿأС﷢ˡҸо߼˵ͷ䶯֧߷𶯡ҪֶˡҡѾܲˡ־ʹøСı鴤üͷҪ𶯵ʪ޷ܵĴ̼СˣСԲݷˣԼ־޹أС෢Լ忪ʼ䶯ʱһ˵ĽеĻС࿪ʼԹԼҵ塣áĹܿУСҲɵ÷籩УСһҲûп֪ܵԼѾȫһˡϹʱѾȫʧڵĸСֻһ·ߣֻ뵽ԼĽȫͶ뵽Ļ޷ֹϨԼճɻҽǼѽٺ٣ô𣿲壬ҲǵȻˡһҲزŲ٣٣٣ſ˰ɣ˵ʱǵҪҡһһЦһнز綯ء졭װġѾҪйˡʱĸСѾһУֻǷŤƨɣҵĿѾҪޡΪʲôΪʲôᡭпСſʪ۾ǱػͷһСʱֻҪ̼ܵʲôĴ̼áһһڸСϣʱСĽѾȫ뿪˴Լʮֵľ룬Ȼ֧͸ߣͣš
һڿеСĽתһٰʮȣԼڸС·ؽԼ޴СѨءʹءҪӸСӣ﷢᳦ϰıҵʹ༸øСཿϵÿһëϸ׶ð顣
һ޴룬СӺＷϵĺһһδ鹵ȥ٣飬Ѩ̫˰ɣʱһҲȫð¶Ѫ˿Ѩ롣
Сʱֻſ첻ͣشȫ¶Ůζ޷ݵĸУСѾȫ˵ֻƴ߳ܺʹࡣءءСַۺ˵СѨҲʼһÿһ£СͷءĿ
־߷ߣǸСѾõһ޴ƣСϸСŤڽεĽ˵Ǳ˵ǸСѾҿһس壬ʹøС಻ɵſ죬ߺ¶Ůı顣ءءӸС﷢ԹĿǿҵ̼֪ղǿٱСԼоѪĽȲؼнĶĤ綯ߺһ޴໥ӦС࿪ʼѩ׻ɴĽͣŤšСоԼ챻˺һ㣬ʹѩҡڣĽ鲻ͣزһС⸱ı飬̲סſڣС̵ͦͷڿСءǰδеּ̬߳˵ĸоʹøСһ˫֪ۣͷҲ֪ʱʼˮ




149¡ֱ

һСĽɱֲ״̬Сѹһϣһ˫۽ػŸСĽ»ʧȥһ㣬һͷСĿˮһҰɡ㡭ϹҺʹมС࿪ʼȷʵСѨѾѪɫȻŬسŵޣһ޴¶ģŻ֧͸ߣʹĸо
һͦ޴һֱŸСѨҵСమޣòײȢ㣬һҪ׵塣㡭ϹɡСˮš
һЦҵСమޣдʱ˵Ļ˵ϹϹ˿ģ˵侫Сƴҡͷţúߡ˵ڡһں˵ûϵҾҵСమޡ˵ȥòڸСϵ֧͸ߣҳ鶯š
СȫţţҪ˵һ˷ܵشߴ٣Сţ˵סװġŮ˸С࡭ģҡǽߡ۵鱥ġأʡ۶֭ġѨԼԲѩ׵ġ⣬˵ġӣѡѾꡭȫȫ㡭ռˡװĿɡáҡҡŮˡҪСҡͷ˵š˵꣡һŸС࣬ӿٶȡ󡭡ֻҪװ㡭ҪŮˡС࣬͡ͻΪſ˫ȣСѨӭסװġҪȥˡӴˡΡװĸɡŮˡС࡭ÿӦ񡭡СѾ챻һЪ˹ˡ
װġҪٸˡҰɡСĽͷ͵ĹܸУУڸ͸ȻڲͣǿţƵøС༸Ҫ񣬿Ҫˡټһ޴ڸСѨзسС֪ԼǿҸܣͿҪӽĸ߳٣٣ҵСమޣܼҰӦԽԽ϶ԽԽáҿ侫ˣһ߳ɣһЦţͣزȥֲֳȥҲˡûжãС˵֮ȫ񴥵һͦһǳª޴СѨڸ߳ﵽߵʱȵľҺСӹڱڣֵĳСιȥˡ
Сʧȥʶ۾廹Ϊܵϲͣس鴤ڸղǿұ̬ԽҵСమޣĸоǿҰɣ٣٣٣һʱѾڴͷϣԾɰѾ޴ڸСѨ棬Ѩ˱ϣż鴤£һ͸Ҳʱĸо
ʱС༸ܷȫһȫɢŮ˳ķϣֻ޽ݡԸСڸ߳ϵĽֻһִŵز֣䷳ظС⡣͸߼žСѨż䣬ȵĸĵط
Сѩ۵Ϳһͣ˵Ĺγ˵Ĺ⾰ǶôӣҺܿܵõŵĴŮ٣٣٣뵽ԼСĸţһϾͻֵЦݡ
һСĵأ𽥻ɱȽϴֵļߣĵСĸţӦһİıǳأΨ˺Сĸţһϴֵļ߰γʳָȥǳָᱻСĸܻżнһָ
뵽ָʱһܽŪءءš˯еĸС෢߽ͳҪƶɴ˿֪Ȼڻ֮УǱʶܵСŪţƺżȵСôĸţһ˵ģҾԲ˴춿һסϾҪСŵĳ嶯ѸСĽ§øʱ˰ͷһؽ޴С໬ʪѨСɱſڴϣȫƣ⳯һǰ̫ˣһȲ˫ַֿ˫Ȼ̵ͷ˱ౡһԸСĸѾԣǸСŵļСС࡭ҵС࣬ҵСమޡһż̧ͷһȻֵͷǡֲĳоʹøСַСǻˣ񻹻ᷴӦӣ߽
ʱһѾȫһлϲʹӵôŵŮˣСɷҲûĴŮأ룬һҪҺһ͸մԼĿˮرת߲С۵ĸ֮УҴ𶯿ءʹҵʹŸűͻȻ˺ѸУӲǽеĸСྪѣҴһҪ㡭űĥı飬Сཿӣò
峺۾־벻źˮѾܹĥĽɢҵͷ壬˵жôҡΪŮ˵ıܣѾһ̬ļ׵ؼôɢ޵ġҵС࣬˵ʲôڲǸտʼѡһ˵žץס͸ߣŪС˰ֵķ⡣Ҫ㡭Сҧá֨֨죬ȻƴŤϸСҲ޷һƿء
ӲڸС۸͸ߴϸ΢Уһѩ׷۵⣺е𣿱Ҹ˺üԺҲŪǻû꣬Ҫ㽫ŵĵһη׸ҡܵŪʱСĲ޷ܵУ˵ظܵԼΪһŮܵŪʱǲ֪ʲôʱʼ޷֮ܵУ𽥸ܵɦУСֻĵֿװġСɡǣһԾڸСĳԵѩ׷ϸһž˵ԣԽСཿ۵壬ҲԽޱߵǺŮˣ˷ܣҵСమޣҵĽһԶռ㡣ָС˵⣬һ¶ԺЦݡסװġҰɣѾﵽֵزԡϢ˰ɣСٻָԺ̰ĽѾ׵ᵽһ̬ΪĿԣǸСһ·ܵĿ裬ĵشѾʹû˷뵽ԼѾħž
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һֿСѩ׳Ե⣬ϸ¸žѨﲻССĹ̼ܵʹǱȻǱ̬ΪŮ˵Ըеشο佳ĸžѨررСô죿ԲħоҵԸУСҧأųӸžѨﴫǿҵɦУԽ뵽пУȴ෴ؽעȫһƺС˼ٺ٣Ҫֵøһ㣬֪𣿡ء֪ˡСྡֺһһǳŸСĸžѨԿʼšȵĸС࣬ϼͰŪҲҪҪԽͿһɡС༱ֱӿҪ󡣡ҵСమޣҪҸ㣬Ҳ˵ĿӦ˵鷳СѨɣС࿪ʼû뵽ȻĥԼԼʵ̫ˣһԽĻܵˡСͷһȻ˵ܲˡ㡭鷳ġСġѨɡҺ϶Ϊһ𣿺٣٣ȥҲģֻܲȥһ˵šǺܼ򵥵£ֻƨ·ȥѣһ㣬ҾԼʼиؽˡһ񶾵˵вСĻСƨɿʼƶһ޴ϷʱСԼ³




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һԺԾŪСĸžѨ׼׵СĸžѨΪǴﵽԽĿġһҰһһԣܾСԽһֱΪֹһг嶯ѵСĸžѨ
һ͸ߣʹСܵȫսҴʱСĸžѨԱ佳ӣۺɫĸžѨ΢΢¡͸ֻ΢ĵֿͲ˽ȥһĲ롣ҪˡҵĸŰɡСѩۡԸ˵Ľͣزšĸž佳֮Ѿúˡһ˷ܵ˵š
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һȻ§סСĽȲץס۸ʵĽ飬ʼСûκηӦ뿹ܣ֪һħǰûκãֻἤб
ڸСĽΪһطصĴϢСתͷȥ۾üľȻһว˰۵Ľ顣
һŪ֮һվѵϽڿ㣬ȻϴڸСߣڸСĶ˵飬ѾҵŮˣҲѾΪ׳˸ŵĵһΣڹԹԵúŬУӣ𣿡С໺ϰԹ˵ͷˮȴ˳԰׵СĽĴϣһĿǰ޵һεεٸСѹסҰǡŸСཿεСһ˫ͦεĽζšСŤԸ޵ĽһһѪ˿˫ۿŸС񾫵Ľѩ޳ȡԼȫ¶ɴһɵ̿ˮ޴ѾӲˡ
һѾ޷ܣûаֻڸСһ˫ѩ׼ͦĽ˵Ѩش˼֮󣬱ȲץסСֻĽףСֻѩ޳ȫſһͷ߸С⣬޴ضڸС˵Ѩϣ°һͦͷſСƬ΢յ޴زСȴǬѨšСཿ͵һзһ˵ıĽֱز룬СʱеѨݷ˺һ㣬Ѩʹ
СſԹһһԼѩ״мԼʱܵ飬ʹؽߵתһߣԼֻһΡ٣٣һЦ˫ץסСԼĳ»ζķ飬Լ޴СѨڣȻȥݺݵײڸСӹϡСһҽУѨܾҵʹѸСӻʵС಻а㿹ܣһ߿ŽŤϸСһŴ﷢Ľ̵ؼЩľ׵Ѩоֻ֣ʹǻҪƴװһܵӣСĸеޱȵ߳ܺ衣
Сһ̵ļȴû˿ӦԲʵСؿһϣԸ˿µһ˫ϸһıҡšһͣ³Ķֻ޴ڸСѨŸСͦأԼۺ˵ͷëסСٲͣĥظоСѨ̵ҺСһ£΢΢ſӣ¶׵Сݣͣšһʱ죬޴죬ڸСѨٴγС춷õҵŤ⣬Ŭӭһ޴ļ
һڸСﵽ߳ǰֹͣĶСſĵһߴϢһ˵һһЦҵС࣬Ҫеúһ㡢һ㣬֪Ҫ׸硢ø磬ҵĺӣ𣿡Сཿҡͷߺ죺װģ㡭ͱСܶ࡭˼ҡвһͻȻ޴СѨһ壺УҪͣؽУСҽһ֪ҽССվˡһӿٶȣҺǳŸСѨ׸硭ø硭СӡܲˡСüƴҡͷǻĸ߳ӣҵŮˡСöת䣬һ̲ס˷㡣ǵġС춡ø硭סŮˡˡСѨ￪ʼø硭СӡҪйˡСĽѾ֧ţͷ󴹣ȫ㺹죬ѩ۵Ľ΢ΡʱһûᣬѸСȸ߸߾룬ø硭ֵĸ߳һ㣬С̲סĽ




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һزСྦྷӨĽøС棬ѨȻһһʵСӣѨɵ𣿡áõܲˡСһϣϰ󼸺ɹΣͬʱŤ𪡢⣬㷢ͷɴѾȫɢңƽʱ߹ŵӣ˼˲ŵ޽ġ
һڸжУ˫ָѩߵ⣬룺Ѿȫҵˣ˳ҡһ޴룬ӹڣСĿиǿңһεѨе΢΢ʹ顣СӵѨˬе˷񡣡һѸСԲѩ׵ⱧวҿҵǡŸСԼ۾ڷ۾ºüǺۡšø硭Сӡ׸硭ɵܲˡС̲סϸüëһ𡣡Сӡˡø硭СҪйˡСĽһҵزšͬʱһҲﵽ˼㣬С⣬޴þȫ룬̵ľҺڸСӹϡСһǿҵԸ߳Թȥһ侫֮󣬼ٵĺƽѹڸСĽϲ뿪źĿܼŮ񡪡ŮСԽĿ
ҺʼήϣиСѨůĤɧзǳǳԼҺ͸СҺѨʱ䶯ţԼѨݷһ˱˱ž޴һСཻŵƣſڸСĽϣڵĴϢš
ʮ㣬һԸСļûнһسŸСۺ콿Ѩһ޴֮£СѾɢ㷢ͷӣ΢΢ſСĽͿһ㱡֬Ĺ֤Сܵ˶ôµҵС࣬ôڲŵߴΣ㻹˵ܲรһ¶ӡҪ١𡭡ҡѾ۵ܲˡѹСһ˵ţһҡͷ
һس¶쳣˷ܡԾԾԵı飺ðɣھʱøѨϢСһеĺ⣬ϸϸţлл㣡װġ飬ƽŮˣܹӵʵ̫ˡһСĽ˹ȻץסСϵ̧С⣬Ȼͷʼ¸Сι𡭡ҪС෢ڵĸСѾûпܵˡ٣٣鲻˵ҪҪúõң֪𣿷򡭡٣٣һ̧ͷ̵вŸСࡣ
һвټϸСеĸžѨһ˱ţСֻܷĽȫʼšˣԼѩ׽۵쵽һϣԵܲסĸоһͷСĸžѨ˵飬˵ӣǲǺǺáСΪйٿܣѺѾ޷ܵѹڴϣĽҪҪСҪԼķǶô߳ܣڸСѾ˼Ҳûˡһ޴ǰСȫ¶ĸžѨڣÿθС඼ѩ׵Ľ㿪ʼ
춲ѨѨڱȴŮѨխСһ±˳þȫ롣ʹСںĳҡڣɨһϣʹһе˷ܴ̼Ҫӣһסƴ壬þ޴ͷȫ롣Ҫ㡭ϹʹҪټˡС࿪ʼ߰󡣾ʱһʤĿССԽһŰҲǿң飬һˣĸѾܹȫҵˣҲûѪˡȻ˲һʪܵĤ͸СԱۣذסһ޴̫ˣ̫жˣȫռ˸žѨˡһһḧСѩ⣬һޱȸп˵šҪγѿѽžѨȫ룬ѨҲʱС춳ܲסʹ࣬ʼߡˡϲãЩһ𣬸Сֻвͣؿ
һȻѾõĻ񣬽ĿĽѾõСȢҲ͸СĽһ壬ǽСٴεĸżһԣޱΰĳɾ͸С
һһӾͰ뵽ײֻ嵽žѨһʱþ޴س鶯ͬʱеԵ顢Ըеϸܹߵ֪ʶ޹յĸСķӦ
һΪѾõ֪ŮÿθѨϵɲǣһжʱ̣뻶֣Զؽ侫ʱĿС
ڣһһж˲䣬޵ŮСĸоԼȥܡҵС࣬ÿһεĸؽһܳΪһֵýĳɾͣҾԲĸоһжڸСĵļҵСĸ⣬٣٣нҵˡҵС࣬Ҳо˰ɣһ˵Ҫʹءءڶ߲ϵаĻСҪ񡣶ɷƵĺ֣ʹĺǿĸСе裬ʱСĶܵʹࡣҵС࣬ĸѾһ˵ˣҪȥϰߡһŰ˷ԸС˵
ʱĸСֻܾɸŵļ⣬һ޴ĳ壬šС࣬ڵѾȫҵŮˣԲԣһ˵סСѩ۵Ľ飬วǡ춡һġŮˡȫǡһġʱһĲ룬СĻжϣӣ﷢Сĸסһ޴ֻһǿҿС
һ½޳ܲסٴˣԾûвȡܴĳ嶯嵽г̻һ룬ʵ᲻òȡһβ嵽ףȻڵĸС࣬Ӧǲ֪һже־Ͳںڵ㷢ϵɢŨζ̼һӲӺҸðλˮķ㣬Ҳʹܲˡ˵ƤĥʱЩζ𽥻뺹ζ֮Уԡ
տʼһ޴žѨУСͷʹĲҽǾϵİǣСĽ΢ı仯ɽ
С֪Լ̫һһΣͷͣҡڣŤ˵ĽԼŽϵʱԽã̲סԸеĴϢ
һһŽɢŨ㣬һ˵ûйϵҵС࣬ÿĴаɣһʶƸС˼ơšһСĽţͣضС಻ɵ÷ΪŮ֣̼ԷҵС࡭ҵС࡭һ͸Сѩ׽۵ıĦţҽ޴СžѨ롣
СĽѵѹȸУС̲ס޽У¡¡Ҫʹʹ㡭ҪٲȥˡҵʹʹСҽһ˰ۣ΢΢޺ӣӺ˲̵ġɣɣ
һزȥСĸžѨڣ֧޴ѾȫСû޴СžѨſޡҪҪҰɣءءСİšСİһؽг嶯ʺխеĸѨ𽥲Ĥʪһʱеޱȵ˷ܣޡⶴĻҪãʵ̫ˣܹɵĸţҡ̫ҸˣһڸСϸСϣָļɦţͬʱСѩ׵Ľ顣
СҧĬĬسһ޴شԶżⶼԸУȻƴͣǻӱǿ׷ԸеĽҲŤѩеԵΡÿһǳͬʽʱСͻᷢࡡࡡšϵش̼һǿҵܡ




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ŵԽΪʦĸСȫ޷ܵΪοԼѧΪһ뵽ˣо͸ǿҡҪװġܸ߳ʹСУһ޴ԾزžѨСȫţһ취ҲûС
СĽͣܵһ޴ĳһִӺѩ׵Ľ飬һֻȴ뿪⣬쵽¸ҵѾѪš
СеΪԼȻ󡢱ŰУСƴҡͷĳƮݷ衣С棬ﲻͣؿ޺ţô졭Ҹô죿찡ȾҡǸСķһŪں㷢ɢķһڣһ̲סѩ׵ĺǣżڷѩסĴ
СҧأƴطֹҪǣ춳ܲסż˺ѰʹԼŰҸйԽʾԼҵӣСٶȶ
ССܲסƵĿʼŤ޵⣺Ұɡ㡭Ұɡһס̵⣬óȫƴţҵС࣬ĸеҵˬС಻ˡϹҪйˡȫɢСˮĴ޺šСĸоһѾͻԼĹȪԴҲ벻ԼĸűҲ߳СúԼôСô
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һ޴ʹһ壬СѴµͷ̧ͷɢңϰ𣬴Ӵ﷢ްĽһץסСųҡŵķѩ׵Ľ飬ʼһļþ޴ͳСĸ⣬ͬʱתŤȻҳʮΡͻȻСĽýӲӺ﷢ĽͬʱҾΣһܸ߳һ漸Ťѩס⡣
СַӦһҲһ߳ޣȥûйǿҽϸУʹŨľҺҵ˳
˵һһΪؽͼ侫ؽһ޴ڸСĸžѨ߳ȻѾȥСĸžѨȻ治ҲҸо
Сڴﵽ߳ͬʱڴϻ˹ȥڸС㺹Ľϣһѹ棬ȫ泩ƣ͸УһҲУˣ춰Сĸɵ߳ˣɻȥˡѹڸСĽϣŸСں㷢ɢķ㣬һøղŵĸжɾ͸һҲ˵ģԼһĽһΪ޵Ů飬ﾹȻԣеȵͬʱڵءŮˣб̬ؽҲܸ߳
ʱһؾøСø˳һڸⶴȥĸСʶط
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ԲһĻߣ΢΢¡СǷ⻬⣬˼ĳϣΡ͸ŵɬκ죬Ҷϸü֮䱥ٸеģ֪˫ݷкһˮСҪʵöࡣ
һ׽СߺƷζٸĽɢĵ㣬ŸС಻ϲŭֵĸ飬ŶصζԼԼ뵽֪о޴ֿʼˡ
һȫ㣬޴ѾѪǴ沼ѪͨͨͦţСϰĴϣ۵ļһԸˡ
һȲ˵˸СĽϣŸСԸеӣ˱ŸСĽҺ鷿һš
˸Сӣʮӣһδ˿ڿˮʱСѩ׼ͦĽ飬ȫ¶һǰһһ˫ֿʼ̰ظŸС۵أǸ߸Ľһ֮£⻬
һʼǣסСķۺԸеͷһ˱ˮ˳ӸСĽšСӣ΢΢ſ˵һ̡
һŰС࣬ͷ˸С׵Сݣغס˸Сͷ˱
еĸС࣬ءţۺԸͷ΢΢һһǣһֵСȹСѨָţ˯еĸС࣬ŵ˿ѩŤš
һСཿϵȹſ˵Ѩһţë˳ظѨϷȸ۵ܺһ
һŸСѨۺɫѨɢһֵζһЦţ١١ζһ쵽Сë¸ŽС۵ظСѨʼʪʱһ˫ַֿС޳ѩ׵ĴȣڸСΪһŮ˽ܵĽ̰
ÿ뵽Ըѳһ˷ܵüֱһһһεŸСĽܡĵط᲻׷ŹһͷɸСϸ۵һֱۺĸžѨϸĳ̶ȣͬͷСĽϴһ㡣
Сܹϸļҽ̣ܸߵȽ޹գһ԰֮һֱǸĸؾصٸﾭһ԰ֵŪ裬οһ͸İ޸Сѩ׽ϵеش
ת֮䣬СѾǡ鲻ԽشӺ﷢һǿҵͷ̼£˯˸СƺҪ˹
һѪڣ촽ס˸СǷۺ졢۵ƬСϸ۵ʱһ촽һʮִ̼Ūһᡣ
ʱһѾ𣬾޴ͣҸطȥйǺվСһ޳ѩ׵ĴȼܵԼϣסӲľ޴ڸСʪ𤻬Ѩϡ
ֻһ޴ػƬٽƨһͦ׳˶ǰһб̡һ޴ѾСѨأԼԸн˯еĸС಻ɵü΢һ΢Ľһ˫ȵļһһԼŵĸоǿҵشһо޴СѨعסĿõģСѨһһԸԳļʼѾ޴һһεȫ룬ͦСһ˽ܵĽ
СĽʼűһڼϣǰţһ޴壬ֻСۺɫĽϵⷭһ޴ѨԽԽسţˡ󡢹󡱵ĳ˯еС࣬˶϶ذڶϸСӭһ޴ļ
Ƭ֮䣬СѨѾʪ͸ѩĽǰһĳţ͸ķҲ¶Ķ˵̬
ɵһʼ˴صĺ׳˶̰ſڽС۵ĽţŸСĽζ
һصΪٸС׼УСཿڴϣѩ˵ȸϸŨܵëںʪۺɫĽһ޴֮²ͣⷭ




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ҹĽСԼĿ£ԼƽȫȻ̬ͬһＫ㣬޴ԽԽ͵سŸСѨ
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ܾΨһģֻ˵ĺԼ̡̡һ޴մ˸СҺššСһħ֮ǰδԹ˷ҵԽܵô޴ǿҵĲ룬ѾȫܰѳԼˣֻнüʹı飬ܱһĿܡ
ͷ֮󣬸СĽ΢ڶ˱һ޴һоСѾ쵽߳ˣǽ޴ڸСӹתĥСѨĸоذһ޴ζӵиС֮ǰֱδй
һؿڿ±Լѩ壬̲סǣһ˫ʮָſݺݵץŸСͦΰĽ飬ţݷҪŷͦѩһ㡣һ棬ԸСѨļ޼ɵسţһѸСĽڳɸλšݲš
һԸСļһСʱŽ˸߳ڡ̡̡ĳУһɵţ޴йҺŸСѨ޴سײڸС˵٣Ұس۳ڸСѩ׽۵ϣطйΪߵ
ʹһĸй񾭷ɵƶˣҪʧȥԼĿƣ˸СĵĽ׼ӭŸ߳١
һ§סСỬϸСҵس鶯ž޴ӲŸСۺ֭Ѩ
Ҳ˶£Ҳǲ˶ʱ䣬ڣһִڸСѨڳĿУ׳˶塣
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һ޴ڽ鴤Ĳ󣬴ȵľҺǰ˱۶̼˽СѨӹУȵľҺٴӾ޴Сδɷ˿Ź
һ޴ȻŸСỬѨһſӸСĽϴڴͻȻ֮ʲôס޴ӸСʪѨմСѨҺԼҺľ޴ز˽ĵٸС΢΢ſӣ
һ޴һ̼˫ȹڸСϣɫľҺӸС˳۰Ĵȫſ΢΢Ĳšһ̵شӸСԸСγԱľ޴һ˿ҺڸСʺɫںĴϣһʮƣͣ׳˶ѹڸСɢŵϴϢš
ԼʮӹȥˣһȻ§ŸСĽ᲻÷ֿ޴ŽС౥˵нԶȥһڵСͨĽйһգѹ޵ĸСཿϺϳһ塣
˲֪ãһ˴վڴ˯ڴµСѩ׽۵ǳɫӳ֮ԵޱȵĹ⻬Ľ߸ߵţۺɫͷΡΡź΢š
޳˫˵ȳƣȸ˳ںڵëʪܵڱϣۺ콿۵ѨﱥɫľҺձĽֳһޱջ̬
һؽڸСཿϵ⿪ٽ·Լȫѵ̼С౻һ˸һ˿ңһƷŮеļƷ춳㡢ޱسֳ
һ̰עŸСջ˵ĳ㽿޴ѾٶȰȻͦҲƲסĿŮĳ嶯
һгĽ߽ԡңϸسϴһ飬ٷһůˮһõ廨Ļ꣬һСƿԡͣϸؽһСӾذİĦԡףɢ滺񾭵ζȻ󽫽εεĸС౧ڻУһڿԡһȫиش˿̳ƽһûвһ˿ͷԼڻ㣬ԡС˯ѩ׽۵һԵð͸졢ϣһгϧ뽾
һ뵽СڱԼһμʱľš־˵벻ᣬʶرڻеĽ룺飬ҵıȻѾˣԺջɣҲٰøκˡŶĽӵڻĸоһΪ˵춻ǲɱ̧ͷˣ̾š
һС౻Ľߺ޵ڸСĶ˵ҵС࣬һвⶼȥˣӽԺֻҪҵһжҪģһõɣһϸŸС౻ˮݵ÷ĽҲʼį֬ļϿʼߡ
Сʪں㷢ҵںߵϣͷһļϣü̺СӣᴭϢšһΪ֮ۻ񱳽Ŀһǿ׳ϣĽƤظˮ棬¶ŽĵķۺɫСͷ
С˿̳ĵķ˽һѹֵ𳹵׵ȼʵ̫ˣһһ߽Ż㣬һ߷ϸССཿʹĻԲԼĿ䣬ȵľ޴ιس鶯ţˮʹþ޴׵ܵԲķ뵯ԡ
˵һοСʱ򣬾ͱװǷյЩʧ̬ʱ˵ĸ߲ʡʥַԲλ࣬ȴѳΪԼӡ˴ѵĽȫԼģԼܡ
뵽һЦˡСȻ˯ţһС޵Ľſԡ׵ıԵС⾹һ˿覴ãѩ񣬻֬˿ǵļһɢ˵̬һǰ
ǰӰѾ޷ˣһֻһϵ½ԼᴩһͷԽһƬѩ֮У˫ֿƬΰ꣬ԼǸ룬ٽΰм伷ѹŤо˶һŷأҲԸ뿪
֪˶ãѵһŴŴ뿪һ£۾ǲҪϢģϸԼڸСιĸ--һרáһ᲻գ۾һ£ԼΣգۣһоͻʧ
һȻ˷ѣſ̰ͣͷÿһ㼡ԸŹǡ˱һ˫Բѩ׵⡣ţһСѩ׽۵ΰ꣬ϸ͸СĸžѨǳۺɫľѨԵ˽Σۺɫ۵ǡô˷ܵš
һѨȫУ˱ǣ޵ĸžѨһ⣬춸žѨÿһ޶ϸϸ¹һ׳ʳָᶥ˼¸СĸžѨ۵ľѨƺо˱Σգ䶯Ȼ⼸䶯ȴһΪߵʳָȫ˸СžѨĿܣֵزһָڡ˯ĸС෢һĵľһһС͵һҵسָСĽɻԡסʱԡѾƯ𵭵ԡ޵ĻꡢŨŨĻ㣬һ룺Ӧÿ˰ɣԸİŮ˵һֿ˸С޳˫ȣøСԼĴϣһסСϸСһĴŸСߡšһǵĽС໺һ˫֪ԵȴǾûȫˮݵ÷ĽУһһֲֻͣذţȫо顣϶𣬽ĵ˸Ŷ˵Ĵɫüѩ׵Сʪ´һĿɿڴעŸСһٸ͡Ķ˵ķ飬һ֪ݣΨһȷԼ˵龰ҪңſҰҵĸܲˡ΢ظһǵĸС춼ԼĴСٸķ˲˾š־塣
ŰԼβĴ֣Сֻܾǰ΢˫ɵˮϡһϤס




156¡ֱ

һ۵ؽ§ס˸С࣬ڸСߵ飬ҵС࣬££ϤڶȻ˭ǸС֪Լ뱻ξȥԲпʵ§һָؿҪҡ㡭¡Һ¡ءءֱ˿̣һᵽİС˺һƺѾСĿ˺ţظŻиСںڵ㷢ᶨŸС򦣬̧С滨մεԸк촽
С΢΢˫ƺȻУζЩϤݷԼֻعɷĻ֮УС㲻СӭһȵʪǡĸС෢һ౻һ˱ţһ˫ڸСѩ׽ⰮţС佳ʹ࣬ԼѧĽٴηС뿪׵ĽһڽСĶޱ˵£İԼ嶼ң𣿱۾һʹ࣬һֵġõģҰԼ㣬㣬뿪ҡ춽һĻΪɷСȻޱΣǺĻشţǵһ˫˫ıϣרĵظšɷ򡱵ᡣ
һ̲סϲ񣬻ΪԼĽŮѾԼ˵Ļ֪㣬Լ֮ǰɷ򡣡šСеĽѾܿƵһ̺СͷѾһ˿Уᵽص˱ҧСݷ鱻оƮƮģӣϵؽš
һ˱ţڸСٸеĵУһһߣһֻظ꣬ƵС˫ſ䣬ظŪ۶֭Ѩ
СཿĿһǿһӿȫξеĸоǷʵֻ֪Լںܰȫ޷ƵĿдӺйšһׯŮС຦Ըξ춵õĽţԽԽ߿һѪţӴ˱ҧ»Ҳꡣ
ٵĴϢƮƮĸоδأСֻԼβ𣬻ǰƣһԲԲ̵ĶԼѨصعԼĺͳһĽ
Ϊ˱ƽ⣬Сֳһ˫ϣոס壬оԼβͻȻתסһСѨ˲޴ĳᴩȫ
Сյ˫ü׳ȵĹ״һ·عؿȻϲĥС춷һСоԼȴ̲סţżܵһйٴ̼ĸСͷȻں㷢ڿлһĻߣٴγһĽšһ˷ܵطۣ̾ʵ̫ˬˣǺðŮ˰Сֺⵯʮ㣬һذסһͦ޴ûдŮļɬɳڣذһǾ޴һٿƳȫ޴ʼسСۺ֭Ѩ
һľҶʹˮϲԡ׵ʻ֮㻨ˣڻ˵룬СѩĽ绨Ӱ㣬һ޴ĳᲨ裬㷢ڿˮ
յһ޷һĻһֻץסǰĽ飬ͣذţָסСۺɫСͷ
һĿ֮£Сܿٴ˼ֵ۷壬ѨӿȵҺž޴һ̲סһľ̾ššСһֱͣתţָҲҰһıһĺۡһȴûиϢĻᣬסС⣬һˮվŵøС༱æ§סһĲӣһ˫ȽȦ
ǰľɫˣһȻԼͷ鹵֮һζŽٸСһ˫ͦΰ𪡢Ľ顣һһ޴иһ߳Ѩһ߿ԡףߵԡҵؾǰ棬;Լİȫ
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ʪܵѨ͹΢΢طֿţһִ׼˸Сʪ۵Ѩǰһʹֻۡһһ޴˳ŸСʪҺûѨ
һСѩ۵Ĵ̵޴ĥŸСཿ۵ڣʽļ룬СůѨｫһ޴еýģӹͷ˴оһѪڡ
СʱѾˣоѾˣһÿν޴Ѩʱ򣬸СⱾ̧ܵһ£϶Ľһ֪СˣҲżֻСѩ޳ȱԼϣִȻڸСѨسš
еĸСԼһΣҵĽšСѹʱ򣬺˳һĿУоһһµĥ͡ššСţŤϸСѹ
СоѨһִĶţѨﴫ˺ѰʹͻȻ֪ˮӳԼѩ޳Ĵ֮һЦŵ׳˶Լȫһ˿ңѨﻹ޳˾޴
ʱĸСȫһ޴֮£Сɢĳס޽ĵӣʹر
һس۳ѱԼĽĶʻգ룺ߣѾңȻǰһݺݵسԵͷ뵽һϧСĽøСԼϣҿʼس鶯޴ҪáʹСͨ졢գ΢ӣѾ״̬ͣţں˳ĳٵʶŽһСֱ۰ľ޴¶ڸСѩ׽۵½ÿһ¶˸С۷ۺһ޴ÿһεĳ壬С඼һµëѾԼҺȫʪ͸ˡ
һָͻȻסСۺɫСͷСһȻͷں˳ĳͣڿ˦С쳤ѩ׵ķ۾ʹطİʹѩ۵Ľȴӭһ޴ĳ塣
һĳԼʻ˫ŸСͦΰĽ飬С˻ߵذУҪ˼ҡҪˡޡҪһһСʱļԼСཿôܹܵס̲סشҽУ޳󡭡㡭ġҡҡѾѾܡܲˡ󡭡ˡҪ١Ҫٸˡҡధš
ҹˣСоԼںҹĵʱ˲ȫʧˣѩ׽۵Ľ޹ǵıһѹڴϡ
һڸСĶһǣһҵС࣬ҰˡСĬһٴ쵽˸СѨСţڰУһϲ֣ѸСཿѩȷֿͳ˴ִڸС۶֭ѨһѣٽӲ˸Сཿ۵ϣС޳˫ȲɵزţˡҪٸˡһ޴СۺϸµѨʱСѩһļ綶ĵؽһ




157¡ֱʮ

һڴϣѸСѩ޳˫ȱڻ޴ڸСѨٴسͣĴ桱ţ춸ողһرһαһθҵؼŴӱ϶ӡ
أС౻һĳǿҵسšţϵطĽšš޹ĵһѿĽϼУﾡУֻʣһ߷ĳ콿ԭʼɽҧסǳ˼ĺĽ飬޴ȫسűԼ𤻬Ѩ
޾׵ŮС˫ȣſһͣضʺɫںԸС첻ʱؽţáô󡭡ڸСԡ֮ʱһȲ¸С۵Ĵȣϸ۵ȸͷѩ׵ΰ괦صĸţűִȷ˽ȥƽ̹⻬СֱӰڸСѨϣŨïʢëѨ˶ָڽС۽⸧ꡣ
СⷭʼۣѨӨ𤻬Һ·ĴմʪһƬѨڲҲʼ䶯һֳʵĻȳײøСݷڴѾõĺһ°ļݷӭֳһعסһ޴šҹУССУ֮ԼԸеŮСһײУСǷĺˮϵزš
СоԼĽѾһһȵؾȡˣԼѧ޴ҵԡռԼѨһαһθңǿҵĳԼԼ嶼ҪڻˣˡҪٸˡ飬Զһ˵ģһһ߼ԼõŮС࣬һ߲ʱضŸССֻȫůģһһĿ糱ˮӿȾ޴̼Լ۵Ѩȵĸо̵øСһΣͣزʼһԼáġС࡭Сܲˡٺ٣飬Ҹɵˬˬǰôһһ͸С౻Լı飬һЦʵ
һĶǵĿи߳СɲǼ䣬СǱһĿг䣬в԰ΣˡҪˡһߴţ˵Ҫ˵ٲ˵Ļ٣٣ʱСſԼΪйĲԼ֮ǰɷ˫򭣬촽ҡ˵㡭ڴϸҡСֻ֪һԼĿкͻ䣬֪֮䣬Ѩһ޴ͣس壬СС﷢εϸСʼӭſԼĽϣԼС˳šáҵĺɷ򡭡Ҫɡһҵһ壬֮еĸС෢һߺޣһ˫޳Ȳɵһ鴤һһһ壬ղȥľҺѨ淢̡죬ŸС飬ֻֽʵ̫ˡһɵر־ãɵһСʱСѾθ߳ѨӻˡСĽһ׳˶ѹڴϣԸ˿߾ţһּڸСϣյĴţʱС̲סʼţ֡Ҫˡһ޴ÿȥһ£С඼ضһ£Ѩͬˮһ㣬ˮͣ˳ŸСѩ⹵ϡ
СҵţһۼСˣس壬ʼб塢壬±任ŸֽǶȣһһεؽ޶˵ĸСĸ߷壬ļ䡣
ΪҸŮĸСδܹ̼ڣĽ񴥵һ㲻ͣزԲѩ׵⿪ʼһĳͦӭϣǿҵĴ̼øС죬ڼУáϹҡҿ챻㡭ˡһԼʵ̫ҸˣǸС춵͵ҸŮһ˵Ů⼴ϴСĽԼ֮ת䣬ֱ̬ĳɾ͸У̲ס˵飬ͶˣֻҲ㣬ԸԼ˵ʵ̫˷ˡ춣һ˫ַסС⣬޴嵽Ѩʼ侫ŸС༸಻ס˶ſڴϢšһ˳쵽˸Сཿ·ظͦĽ飬С˵زͣţ˽ؾһһ̰ǡӵŸС㺹졢塣
ҹС౻һһһǿҵؼѣ˵ĴϢĻصţŸСżУСԼǱ˵ӣеĸ࣬ȫ޹أֻ并ϡͱǽ۶֭ѨһسǿҺͣй˳ѩ׵Ľ⹵С
һ޴͵ø˳С౻һý۸еԵһ¸ͣز̵ĺˮӿһʰҰҰСһ첢Լ鷿ŵţһһŵĺζŸСٸеϡһؽŸС࣬޲СĽУС೹Ϊһ塣
УСѾֲһǵڼڸˣԼѨѾȫľˣһľҺһ޴Ѩʱ򣬷žꡢžꡱ
ʶ𽥻УСѾһתıһһɸСĺ潫޴룺ô桭Ѿɵú顭һһ׳ܹһδСѨ˫ƴشŸСζĽ飬ҡβ޲ðغҲСѨ
СҲܲһ޴ԼӹĿУʹøСҡԼȥһ޴ԼѧܸԼ콿ѨһغײС齿۵ʱˡžžͣγʮľ
һԸеСӹڸţϵһȻ֪СѾ߳ˣǸؿͲ壬Сֻнѩ̧ӭһ޴ҵĳػ
ʱһҲӽ߳ˣһһ޴ŸС۶֭Сཫѩ׽۵Ŭ̧ߣܵؼѹӭһļֱһȵľҺСѨڣŽηļ
һٴ侫һɹľҺֱ˸СѪǴѨС˶һˣ߳϶Ľһ׳˶²ͣؾΡ
ɫľҺ˴ȸڸСѨԡһרáĸ֣ʪܵطĹâſڸСѩ׽ϵһ˱ŸС౻ͼͦĽء
һоڸСѨľ޴ܵѹȫһ㣬ĿĽĸСཻź泩УʹһȫɳſڸС޵ĽϣԼľ޴ŸСѨڵ᲻÷ֿ
һ̰ſڸСζ˱ǵĽϣһָСΪҼ¡Ľ飬ĴУÿζһ쳣˷ܡ
ʱĸСѱһɵѣʵرĶ˵˫˯ˡһĴббѹڸС޳ϣһֻֽ§ŸСĽһַֻŸСѩͦĽ飬Ҳܿ캨硣
֮һ͸С´ţ׳˶͸СĵĽһ𣬽§ŸСɴ鵴ѩ׽ۡ㺹ҽղݣһһ֪СѨ˶ٴξҺ
һ̲סߵСԣͬʱֽСĽ˹Ľ§ס￪ʼƮ嵭Ů㣬һϸϸƷζŻС㣬˫ͬһֻʵĹޣ§סСϸСɸСѩͦε⣬һؽСĶغס˵Ķʪⲻϵ̽š




158¡ֱ

ҪСС﷢һĿһ˫İ޸Сķ۾Լư¸ı۰סĽ鲢ҿʼشšСסŮĽĿпʼȼֻλŮС࣬ѩ׽̱пһʵļϡ
һСҽſԼļϣͷŸС֭ѨܡСƣĽǽһûУֻСҪһžͷСװ㣬ŸСཿεС١СѵֿıУСҡͷں˳㷢Լͷɴɢҵطţ㺹죬ͣţС࡭ܲˡҡҪˡһվһ§סСϸСС༤ţһŸСʪỬСѨšŮСѾںһǿԼʵѱرһӵšҲһλˣԼŮ˵ıݣĽȡռԼˣĸСֻ࣬һӡһŮˡһ԰ū
һָʪСԼеΪѨʱСĽҪ޷վȣͷɴµѾɢҡֱȼȼգС΢΢ſɫС콿ŵģһѾ޷Լˡ飬СѨʵ̫ˡһͣŪŸСʪỬѨҪйˡͻȻٵĵһ߳ʹС෢ӣݼĽȢеŮˣԶĽһڸСĶϸ㡭ҵɡŰĿУС༸ԺԣϵȴĽ꣬ʹøСң󻶡Ŀ𣿡һ׽šһ㡭ҿҪˡ졭ҡСĽһ޴ľꡣ
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һ޴شӸС׵Ѩ˳ԼĽС౧ߵߣؽС޹ǵĽڴϣøСɢҵسһԼİŮ˵ѨԼľҺ޶˵뵯ͦĽϲԼҺиеޱҸ㣬̲סڸС̺ӣһǡ
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һȻøСͳ¸ǼˣȴЩģǵСڳ¸ǰû˵ʲôˣһһµԺһһ˵˵һ뵽ԼȻֶΣСֿ࣬ʼаĿ׼츾¸ǡ
һȴ֪¸Ǻ͸С಻һҪĶԸ¸ǣǾһҪһٺʵĻᣬټڸСһһҹһоԼ弸ҪͿˣԳŽûʲô£һܻؼ͵͵˯˴ˡ
һֱ˯ذֱϰ˵ӣһ˹Ҵҵĳ˵㶫Ժһдһ£֪˽дƽʲôҲûзԺһ׵ķ֮£һСص˼пʼԼҪεֶΣͶԸСһĶԸ¸ǣúõıһ³¸ǵĿˣԼĥСֶζ˳¸Ժ츾᲻ỹǰĸ߸ϣһԼӡ
ոջصԼļƨɶûȣһһȴɺɺüĿվ뵽ԼЩæд飬Щٸһвɵ˼⣬֮£һæɺɺý˷
һɺɺ˫ۺӣһȥ§ɺɺɺɺӣһһƴ˱ӣɺɺ˫ֿһͷ룬һ૵ĵ㣬ЩæĶԲˣҾͺúõ̺òãһҧɺɺеĶɺɺϸţһɺɺǷԲĽѩ޳ԵôԸˣһĴ̲סԲĴϸ´㣬Ҫˬ죬졣һ쵽ɺɺ񱳣ɺɺţɺɺ׻۵ı˵ˣԸܵɺɺĽһָĸŪ£ɺɺԵķӦ
ģһֵ»ɺɺδŪɺɺΣһоɺɺκ÷ۻɺɺʺϣһֶ᲻뿪ĸо
ɺɺ϶һ㵭һӷˣҲɺɺβɺɺӴһĶҲԽԽˣỬ˸ŪŪɺɺΡ㣬ǲҺˣǲҪҵˣɺɺ˵һ㲻ֻǹ㡭㲻ҪššҪʱһҲޱȼƫͷڿɺɺĶʡɺɺֻһһִֻԼλֱԼĴȸԼŮ˵˽Լϡ
һְѴɺɺӣСϣ˱ţɺɺѾͨȣֻǲͣĲһϮһĪľڴ
һһɺɺ㴽ͷ˿ɺɺյأоʦһĵζһ˷ܣƴ˱ɺɺ࣬һһֻѾ쵽ɺɺѨɺɺѨŪһоɺɺѹƲסĲָѾɺɺϵİҺʪ󡭡
һһֻεɺɺǷ鷿ŪɺɺѾͦͷһַųǳ
ŵɺɺشɺɺѾǺʪˣһоɺɺѾ׼ˣóɺɺش˫ɺɺΣɺɺ˫ŷԼϣɺɺĦţʪܵģɺɺ̲סޡޡţ鲻Խг




159¡ɺɺĿһ

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һţҲţ㣬𣬺㣬Һÿ춼òãסһֻ˶鷿
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ڼͦɲǣɺɺ岻ɵýȼܵ쳣ѹУͷͻ۴档
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һ͵سţƽʱׯĵɺɺѾһķȥˣʵһĳѽ
һ˫ֺȻץסɺɺԲɺɺһϣرסһ˫磬§һĲӡ
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СķֻɺɺĽҵϢɺɺ飬ȫ˵ԼڷɺɺȫѪҺڷڣһǿǿҵĿһײҪѰһйĳڡ
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૽еҪˡšˡһйɺɺķ˫ۿҪγˮ󼤷һеԼȫɺɺİҺһ˸аͷ
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һִꡢࡢֿۡڣĸָͣͷǿ׵ⶹϣȥ۵ѿϣѽѽġɺɺˮԴԴһֱƵģڲȥһֱϥȥˣ




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һһţһֻ꣬Цʩ죬һװɫɴȹĳһĴ۾ʱ鵴
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һ꣬ԴӸԼԼԺԳķϣ͹ߺͱزۣ鷿ͦڱ·£ź΢΢زԼ͹ֵ״ԲһĻߣıڿȻƽ̹СͷΣŻٸζ
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ģоͷı̽ž࣬繲ʪѾ鲻Խ˱һ
ֵطɷ֮ǣ죬ϣ̼ĸоʹ֮ѾǷݿֱѣɶֵȷǾѾ̼ôȶĹ֮Ѿеʪģ̫ˣ
оָȣæץסɫ֣ȴܻӭرִ̽ȹĦķԲĴȣİ꣬ɫ־Ȼֱ˽ܵ׿֮
꾪µץס֪Ѱʤʪɬֽؿԣ˵ֻǵģһ̾һջɫֵðɣһ£ҲҪһطԼˣſģȴЩʧƶ壬ȴһÿ𣿺αȥأŮѽĻ֮ŮһӲ̫⣬˰ɣᣬúõģȴҪ㣬ǺˣǰŲȥȴⲻһƨϡԣҪȴ§סý㣬ԭϲλѽǺǣǾɣҲᷴԵģ걻§ڻԼ֮䣬ãҪֵ棬Ƕ֮䣬΢оĦκĹȣĲҡ飬ԣԣ˵ֻѽһ˫ֽסƽ̹СҧĶϸǰ˵ֻǣҪÿһ缡ѩ׽ֻۣҪܹһ׷Ҳ޺ĶУҧͷ˱ŪһɧȫֱȥҪڶͷԶϮȴѾعͷ촽ӣز˱һǼ죬»ɽ֮צĦķ鷿ԼκĹ֮䣬оԼӣѾѪ𣬸оԼŤӾ˺ĦģĦѾĵ鲪ġԣԣ̫ˣˣһεķ촽ҧĶɫѾ̽ȹĦķĴȺ˽ְϣ꽿̸оָס͹֮ץסĴ֣ԣԣý㣬㶼Ѿʪ͸ˣһһ仰˵ӽޡ˵ֻǵģſңһ§תԼϣҵȻ˵㻰Ǿǣ˵§סѩ׵Ĳ
ûϵܵǣ˷ǣǿҵǣѸ͵ǣ˵ǣᵽֽ׳еζͷεģ鵴֪ʱƺʧȥ˼ά֪ѱһ˫ߡ
ʲôҲ룬ֻԼȫĵȥܡ١촽ʵʱС඼ĿС
ߵV嶼˷֮Уʧȥ֣һйǣһ˫ҲؽסʧȥһͬʱҲʹ˱Ĵ
һͷ򴫳ӣУҵؽšŴ죬ʹø淢ô̼ˣҲԼ۵Сӭȥͷƶš˲֪೤ʱ䣬˵촽ľˣ΢ͷ뿪һ㡣ĿͶң㣬á
ãһ۹ôܰ㣬òģƬе촽ͽ׼ʵݣһ۾ʹ˼ޡһɿͨȫļ鲻Խؽһһһ˫ϸ۵ֱ۽Ĳӣ͵ذӣѹĴϿǡ
촽󡢷󡢸ڵԣʱԵô顢ͶͼʣﴫġԼʺС˱ਡ
˱ȫšţŷ̵ķۼսţ԰VԵ۽ţֻĺ촽š
ʱӳˣ㷢˳Ⱦ֬糺죬˫ﺬΣ޵촽΢ĲϸźرͦΡ
ǰɫһһɵٴνذڻ㣬һҷᷢһͦĴԼؿڣͬʱʼ͵Ķƽ̹ĸ
ʱѾԣѾȹɢң̧ͷ˫·ҪγˮһһСᣬȻǽεĵ˫ٴηϣسǣһǵøӵᣬ´Ĵһ㡣
ͷϸ⻬ľ˫¶ļĻͷС΢ţǰԲ˫ĺ
һŪ˿һļͣĺɫ˿ϣŪѾ͹ģ꿪ʼؽҹ̣һ˳㱳߸Ħƽ⿪ֵĴۣ˳ؽִǰǶԼͦѩ׸ʵ˫ͦĿУױ¶һǰҪ类ͷ콫鷿Уȵ˱£类סͷϢԣԵģһͷɫ˵ֻǵģ˵굱һƺסǰǿȻȻġġӣҡʱҲ޷ƵͻȻʧ˳
һԵǵĿУֱӿͷףϮ֫ٺ縡͹õĿжѡܽۼ̬֡һԣҲ֪ԼھܾѣϢŻģý㣬˾˶кȥˣû˻ġһŵϣѾĶȹϣɫԸڿ㣬ɫ˿࣬˫֮
һŪ˱ˮңһɽһޱȳĿзӿ֫ٺ˪ѩĽպϼ̬ⰻȻţ촽żٵشϢ˲еǳѡ
žȻѾɶֵкˡ꼸̱ؿһѹѩ֮ϣķķݵĦҪҪһ㲻ԵģҺýţ˿군ˣޱȿȴȴ޷ܾ
ģôӣ֮ʣһܰںǺֵģȺģֱ飬ԣ֮ǧ˳Ľ̬֮һͦԵأŮٸ塣
ˬþӨ糺һƬɫˣ΢ӣСֻţݺڶѩ׵Ƚסһͦڣлӭ
ײ÷ǧҡģɧױһԲһţ̬ϳʣ⾡к޽̴ۺһҰ鶯ײ塣
ˬýѾƮƮɣ˵ĽݴⰻȻ˿ţ̾Ϣʾǳޱȡһһ飬բˮһкǧ̵Ľ˵̸ֳɾƵĳЦ͹㼡Ľ͸žӨĵ㺹һҲ
һ壬һʰ̲ס§סָסͦ壬ľУදһֺյķԲ鷿
һʧؽеŶԣǲҪˣһһס鷿һȣѾӲˡ
ʧɫذ֣ǲҰɣĺýţú£ѽһ٣ȵɫ־ֱ̽ѾʪȵĹϣŤۿɫ֣




166¡Ұսֶ֮

ּؽţóҪѽ鱻һһѣ֣꣬æңͬʱּԭʼΪɫѾڿˮŪʪˡͬʱͦɹӲȻҲͣͦȫ
૵֡԰˵ʱһɫѾ̽棬ĲŪŨܷӳĹĹϣָͬʱĻѾˮŪʪޱȡ
꿪ŴȣذһҪټĺˣԡ˿Ǿ군ѽһָܲ˵زѨоڱһ䶯ָָͣѨпٵĳ壬ָײӹϣΪ֮ţһɹɵҺͣ˳
ǿҵĴ̼ʹ̱һһϣӣС첻ͣĽ
һûӰתָͣĳѨ潫ӡᴽзţеͻдһ˿ǣʹδǣֻǱ۾˱ࡣ
ǿһ˿ǣٵشϢ˵ᱻ˷ֵģ㲻ҡһЦŰģ֪Ầ£Ҳǿˣĳ߶Ⱦ̫ƯˣҾͺˡ꽿૵˵รҪʳԣҾ͡Ҿ͡û˵꣬ѾһٴסӣСڣ»ɽ֮צַظѩ׷壬ܿ뿪ᴽͷȻסѩ׼ͦ鷿̲סһ˵Ťţʹӿܡ
һĹָ˳ڱܣƺеʧͦŷۿ׷ʳָᣬָⲦʪĻ꣬ͷѿĸʱͦʪܵĹĹȣܵŴӣУڻ԰ָϽסӣСڣĴһӸǡ
һҲһֻ֣Ŀ༰˿СڿĵʵĹµĴȸ˸ָĻſη棬鲻Խطֿɫ͸ˮ˿ŵķԲĴȣƾһָӷΪΪ
һѱӲתͦŤΣ鷿ද˵㼤ɥʧǡ
һŵĵ¿ϵڿ㽫ѵϥӲȻʱѸ߾ʮȣӲĴͷһ˿Һ塣
ʼǱſεķ棬εһǰԲ֪Ѿˣһſ½ӲȻදѿָߣѾӲĴͷ滻ָͷ۶۵ѿĥţͻȻҧţȫ㶶xʱĹȻӿŨɫȻֳһθ߳
߳ſڷ棬һȴĿܸ֮߳ʱĴͷĻ꣬ʪҺӲȻͦѱˮŪʪֻĹ֮С
ĹڸܵͻͣļһһĴͷѾӹͷĻġŽеҪγ˵ȥġҪ㲻Եİһסѩ׷μ⣬ͦĹѨгײţ߶ɫ͸ˮ˿ŵȡ겻ˮſңſҡҪһƾܣֻôͷҵײӹģ˳ƽ˿༰ڿ½ףֳſѩ޳ȣĿһ׳ȻѨСײĴѩΰ꣬ȻĴˮʹһ
һض˵Բ𣡽㣬ʵ̫ˣ̲ס˵һŪֶδͦΪĹȻıϵвƵģһȦһȻÿһȻٽʱĹȻıڵͻԶ䶯ӹǻҲҧһͷڵľ˱һĹͷû뵽ѨһѨмƷ
һ귭תɵ棬ɫ͸ˮ˿ŵ޳ȿڼϣ̢ͦײС̫ˣ̫ˣ۰ü˵һδһ´׳ȻֱĹȻı䶯ĥĸӴ׳һǿƵĿԼٳ鶯Ȼ
һܹݵ˵㣬ҲԲڰһҪγȻʱԲ޳ͻȻһüߣСҪ̫󡣡һֹͣȻЦǡԲ̫̫󡭡Ҳ꽿ؿһüĿߴԹؽɫǣΪڰγֲ㷸Ĺ𣿡Ҫֲأһ˵ʱָоļƷѨ˱Ȼ޳ĥҪʵϼѡ
꾧۾ĵؿһֻǽز˵һܹݵò꣬ƳȻʵڲԸĻֺĺʹһǰγˣһȻҪ뿪ѨʱֱסһβȻֱѹȥѨܺһ
꺬὿ߴԹؽС涼ˣΪγûˣɫǣҾ͸ܵĿ֣ˬ쵽㣬㣿һ֪Ѿòôȷ鵴оĴˮ˳Ȼϵʳ󻵵Ҫĥ˼𣿡꽿ۣˮգȴ鵴סһβֿܷܷʼѹֻͦĥһĴ׳ȻŮìܵĶ˪ȴӻģһȼͬɲһһһʰ㣬ůʪ󰡣һٶ˵ҲͦȻѨšһױȵȻ鶯ľ޴УһҲ۸ƷѨļĥĬӭŶԷ
ʱһѩȿʼսҲ§һľһͷѹһ촽ӡᴽϣſ콫۵һĿУһ˱ֽһĿͷʲŪţĹȻĿʼתͦͬʱսĹȻļĥ˱һȻһȫĹͷˡ
ƽ˪ɷ򶼴ƽɷֵأңڣ±䵭Ҳһ۱һۣš
ȴû뵽ڱһǿòȻʹǰδеĴȷ鵴һȻ鶯֮ᵽ˴û鵽ȤͶ߳ѹ䵭ˮһӿŷٸ壬鲻Խӭл
һоȻ鲻࣬ĹȻȴ츳ȵĿʹһѨеȻĳ鶯һĽɷôһŮڴǵļƷޡ
˫ͻȻһĹȻĿٵתͦɫ͸ˮ˿ŵ޳ȽܲסһΣڣۿͦ㣬һ졭ˣһһߴͣһߵϷ޵ҵı󲻴治ʱѾȫûٸǺ֣̲סĵ˽еô󣡱Ĵˡ˼Һ㣬ҡ˵ſҧסһĴ̰˱һ⣬ʹһܵͦȻӭĵĶĥþȫĸѨĹȻͻȻʼ˱һȻӹǻҲսҧסĴͷڵ⹵
˵ֳѾںΪһ壬ĴתĥУĸ߳ˣһɹŨ̵ĴˮɻһĹͷϣһľҲѳֲסͷ
һĴȻĳѨ֮γ䡣һ˵㣬ţ⡭һҪȻγ֮ʱȴĲһ쵽ѹסһβͬʱۿͦӹǯһ۽һͷڵľ˽еҪγ˼ǰȫڣϹסϹ˼Ұɣ




167¡Ұս֮

仰һ˼ʲô󿪴أ̢ײͣοʱĹȻĺܣһȻһֳܽϵһ϶ûУһȫǧëȫſˡ
ڹͷʶУһͦͷѾĻϣϵСʵһ𣬻ɽһһ̵ҽȫעĻġϹ˼ҷ˰껨һ̵̲סִȫٶȳ鴤Σһһĳ߳ʹ̱ˣֻǱϵĿУµĹȻҧһȻﲻͣ˱ƺǰһҽʳһβʣƵġҵϹãһ§´㻵ˣ˼з֮㺦ʧȥˡһĻ˿ؽСԩң˼ע޷ɫǵħצ꽿ĵؿһ촽³ƾ˱һ۷̴ԾԾ̫꣬ѩ׵ƤЩ΢ۺ졣
һ۱㿴ǰŷ۵ظۺͦٸǽΡһƣǬïʢë۵ѨԵøԸС
ʱˮѩ׵ǱйһۺɫףǱеýġɫɰòɫֵʾٸĳ츧ģǷ˶ķ飬δ´Ǹ۵鷿Ȼ˳
һƣԼ°άˮ߰ϸϸС֮µǵشһïܵĺɫ۲ݣʹ˷Ѩ
һ״õķ˶βͦšһ겢δµĴݲж˥ϣǾʱΣһ׿ԼԸٸݳ콿ĵŮȲϡѧģο근ҲֻԼĪʮңʹϸһ̲סҪҪϢһѪǣոϨȼš
˫֣Ҹ´鷿ţı˷ܲβϣԾšҪܵܡҪˡšţˡܵܡԡ̫Բɷˡеġܵܡ㲻ҪˡҪ㣬㣬ӴԺҵŮˣҪһһ֡һ˵ţָ⡢ţȼҡš
Ҫܵܡáࡡ㲻Ҫҡܵܡ֡ม귦˫ְϣһͼӲȼ䣬ϤĶѨУֿʼĳ͡
ӴܵܡӲġô󡭡㡭Ҫม̫Ӳˡܵܡҡֵˡܵܡ㡭㡭มҡҪˡ㡭һ㡭มӴҡ̫ʹˡѡҸˡҪˡֶˡม㡭̫ˬˡˮڷţдֱ㷢ңȫϵŤɹɵҺϵŴҲĻϡһգɵ𾢣ǣһ˫ϥ˫ڣ˫ȷֿһ壬ͦŻȵıƨȻһֱ塣ѽԩҡõܵܡ桭ɡ㡭ҡʹ졭ɵġҡˡࡡҪйˡѽˡҪһӡ塭Զ塭ҡҪ㡭ˡˡ̫ʹˡࡡйˡ걻һɵΰأ񷢿Ƶĺڣ弱ٵͦͣҡͷ˽Уʹһййȫϵĳ鴤ţѡ̱
Ȼһɵ𾢣ƣ̬һɰȻı˫ȣİӵ뻳УĶͷա
һĸοУشмĻӦһǣƬ촽غһˡ
ͷһĴţһɵĻһҲͷڣͷŪţ˱Ƶһգرķۺ죬ĺҲؼšܵܡ̫ǿˡȻ귭һѹţŷѹһţͷ⣬һĲӿʼöţŷҲƶ
鷿һӲı׶׶еĹͷŪһѪǡһֲԽġ嵽귢ѹţﲻҲมมĽһһıһַһѵţͷ졢һıţڹͷţššҧšű׶ţŪһȫڣϵĲ˫ᡣ
꿴һΣһϣƵĶȥ˫һı׼Ѩڣһһ̡һһıȫСѨ˽ȥ
λú÷ɡ˵ţ˫ƨһѱĻϣխھҵţеһȫķˡ
ܵܡڻ㡭𡭡۾̬֣һһµű⵴ɫһæ˫֣ǶԷ鷿۾СѨűֻƬһһ룬ⷭڣһĿššҵĺõܵܡ塭ʹ𡭡ܵܡùมҪй˰ɡܵܡʹ𡭡ࡡҪйˡһ˽ţһ׶ţһ֮͵ظеһһȹֱһĹͷϡ
˿ˡ˷һϡһҲǹʪȣֻеһһ飬ȵȫڡ滨飬һ̲סţ濿һı˳һǱ󣬵һ촽ʱҲһػӦšһƶԷҵĳǺֹһıʼݵĶı͡šܵܡҪˡࡡôӲˡġӴԩҡҡˡҪ㡭มԩҡѽ㡭Ҫˡ㡭̫ӲˡҡҪ֡ʹ졭ҡˡߡ۵ġԩҡҡζþáûˡҺáˬŶúššˡҡѽֶˡҵԩҡû졭졭ҿ̲סˡߡมˬˡҲˡҪˡҿйˡˣסİڶţƺȫ԰ĻС
һʪȵѨסıӲоѨĳ鴤šһ쭵ķ壬δζģǿҵĸ߳ʹԭ̧ƨɸ߸ͦѩ׵һ󣬵ڴϣҲĵ߶
һĹͷ̵ܵһһ䡢ӹǿҵҾᣬסĴĳ˼£ͷһ飬һ̵ľҺɹͷֱѨҲſϡһ쵽鷿ϣ׵ĿС
ڴսʱ򣬸û뵽ڿСͤӲԶһƬһվŵĿǰһУһ˫ˮĴ۾Ҳ¶һ˿ֱ˴ս·Ժ󣬰˲ŴҴҵתȥƺЩԼ⻨԰Ŀˡ
ϻصһƨɻûȣܺȴˣ⼸죬Ϊ¸ǵĵܺȻûлһһˣϵ֪ԼɷҪų¸ι˾һ£ҪʮŻԺ츾ڰͲסĵĳ嶯һˡ
ܺģһȻˣûкܺһһȻҲʮֵܺĵ壬ܺˣһ˫ôܲء
һӺݻ츾ۿ洦¶ɫ͸ˮ˿ŵѩ׷Բ޳ĴȣϺɫ廨˿ڿ㶼Լɼ繵ĹһӽģһӸǡ




168¡һԸһ

һһ߽ܺķĽ§ڻһָԲеΰЦɩôˣżûмңǲǣǲҲѽǺǣû뵽ҹˡܺĽץסһĳ£ظϽ˵һ㻵ˣ֪˼㣬ȡЦ˼ң֪˼ҾͲˣСռ˱ϻˣ㿴Ȼôʰ㡱һ§סܺķĽҧĶôʰңСҧô˵ɫ̽۵Ŀ渧ԲĴȡһܺıɫýȽסͼɫ֣ޱĻҵ૵Сô߿ɲֻһŮ˵ģɩȻˣһץסܺĵְܷܷ߸ߴ棬ЦɩӦøоҵֵʹԾԾƴ־ˣɩԴɩһƬĽ֮ģһ׷뵽ףϸܵغúТ̺ɩһذɣ𣿡һ԰ܺıһߵ÷ͨ죬ΪֽޱȵŸҪ˵ѣͱһǵصסӣСڣָĽ
ܺıһĿִַÿһ缡ÿһأһ֮ԼڵѾóʱû˷ܸˣеѾʧأ֪ѲСħצû뵽ŵ֮±СŪأأΪʱ˿Ľ̼ǿҶ촽
ӵصɴ۾ǣܿȫʧһʪǼ棬ཻ֯˱򶯣Һӵ³˱鲻Խ§һĲӣתһʪ
ܺƽ߸ϣһׯӺݸ߹ļƣ˽ƻ͵ĳҲһ˼ˣˣ׳ˡǿַռŮһҪᡢҪҪ֮ˣҪͨˣҪȤĬˣֻʹȻͬʱҲûкӳǽĻͿܣҲȫıˡһҪܺĴʱ˿̳ʧⰮ֮ŽӵʵڶСѪĸо̤ʵҸܲѹֶԹտͼįͷųĲܺĲ˫һʱѾĻң޲ðԼ뵽һȥ
һܺĵ˫ֲܺĦʱܺĽʼȣս죬΢ҧӣʶ³ʡ
һģһ˫ֿʼֵƣ⿪۵Ŧۣ»ɽ֮צ޼ɵܺķ˶ء
ͬʱ˫ܺĹĶͷʼζ£ܺĵ˫ۡǼ⡢˫һ·ǵܺķ˶ʵ壬ȻɫĨأһȻܸоǶľ˵ķʮĵɵ󣬸ܺ㻳Ѱ̽ʤһ
еܺҲѶ飬壬һǣ巢ı仯һȻϽ˵ĺΣסĽͣŤĥһӲԵһҪܺĸоԼɧͿڴҲʼɧ࣬糺죬΢΢ʧҪ֣ȴץס߸ߴ棬֮¿ҲԸо˶Ӳ
֪ʲôʱһһķȻѾ֮УܺǺǽǶܻӭظĦŪţѪţĿΥΰͼڡ
ǣ赭дôܹһǵɫѾ̽ۿ棬ֱ֮䣬ҰظĦųĴȡ
ܺľŵҪɫ֣ǣܵɫѾϺɫ廨˿ڿ㣬ĦĹĹȡ
ܺŤŽҪƿһĻǣظܵһָѾϺɫ廨˿ڿؾֱĻءһܺĳһŤֹͣˣֹͣˣֵ׶Ҳֹͣˣ̱Ļ棬֣޼ɵᱡ衣
µѾˮĹŢµǲ֪ʱһѰڿɳϣɵɳϣȻֿѩ׵ȣһӷΪΪȻ䶯ŷۿ裬ӭָֻشϢţһҪҪܺоǰһ۵ҸºڵŦ۲֪ʱѾȫ⿪ɫĨظѩ׷˶Բ壬ӣҵͻϡɼţţذɫĨȥ
Ȼһ콫ѩ׸ʵֱغУţţ˱ţֱҧţܺ͵ؽͷȥ˫ֽ§סͷ·ҪһԼ֮С
ƯŤţʹ裬ޱĿУ鷿ȫÿһطһĶŪ£ܺĿнʱСɵ΢ŵӣݷʮּһ㣬ļϸϸĺ飬ԵþӨϸ߰ڶӭһİԲֱ޳ȣһһϵĻвƺĿС
һܺĵϺɫ廨˿ڿ㣬߾ٷֿɫ͸ˮ˿ŵѩ׷Բ޳ĴȣŴɫϸ߸Ьһܺѹڿ£סĹĹĥţƺһЦҵĴɩҵĽ㣬㿴ҾҪ˰˵ͦӲȻƲɵһ嵽סҪһܺһ˶ĢͷǶײĥĻ۴ĴˮȻͻȻͻƣôΰӲȻȻûĹ뵽ףҰֱӵضײĻϣײٴϢһһĹͳʵ鲻Խز
һ֮ܺķˬѨĹӲȻܺĹ⻬ѩСͺڰ˷ۿ趼һȻѸ͵ͦףˮĦ֮·һ̫ˣҪ˰ܺĽ૵ɩҵʲô̫ˣҵʲôҪһЦŸ츾˶ѩ׵壬ͦҰͣɶ޲ùᴩܺĵѨһ㲻Ҫ˼ˣ̫ˣѾ˼ҵӹˣܺĹ⻬С̼ͦͷҡҷɫ͸ˮ˿ŵѩ׻Բȸ߾ٲסһΣɩѨѾרѾҵˣɩѨʪůˬϸŶһЦһߴײܺķе壬һߵ˵ܺԹտĴġһ̫ˣ̫ˣ˼ˣҪҵˣܺüĿŵţһһˮһϮġɩҵĴɩ𣿴ɩҵĴɩϹ죡һβͣʶ壬Ҳܺİ۷壬ָɦӣҰ⣬촽ҲܺĽ׵ľСɵĶס
Ȼһסܺһںס˶ѩ׵ֱ˱ҧһץסʵ任Ÿ״ѸͦܽԸƻԹﻨ֮⣬ҪľҪƾӴӲʵԹģһʱ˿̾ڻױȵȻ޼ɵ̢ܺĿտԹĹ
ܺĿļֱҪˣҪ֪ƽׯ߹󣬶֪û԰ˣδܹ߳ζ˿һ߳ķ¼ɣʵչһ´
ֵԼȻ߳ܣһֱŰСǱѹֵĸʽͷݷբͻһ㣬񱼶вɰáԼԭȻŮˣܺݷõãʱȫľֹֻʣĿ֡һϹҪҵӹ˰Ҫ˰ܺѾĲ鵴ģ飬ɧֻ֪࣬޿κεŸĦϮÿһѩ׷ļһɽһޱȳĿзӿ󸾵֫ٺܺ˪ѩĽպϼ̬ⰻȻţ촽żٵشϢ˲еѡϹ˼Ҫ˰ܺˬþӨ糺һƬɫˣ΢ӣСֻţݺڶ߾ɫ͸ˮ˿ŵѩ׻ԲȽסһΣڣۿͦӭлͻȻ˽Žżñֱѩ׵弱ѨΣӿ




169¡һԸ

һȫײạ̊́ƽʱׯ߹ܺĴʱɧ̬ĴˮĢͷһҲѳֲסһ飬Ȼ츾ܺĵѨ;ҵضȻɽһ̵ҽܺĵĻϣ̵ܺٴĸ߷塭ɩرǸ߳Ժ󣬸ԺҪҵĴɩҵĽ㣬𣿡һ§ܺѩ׷ַ˷ۺɫ壬˶´Сǿܺڰһǰ׳˿ؽ㣬ϲҵǿ𣿡һץסܺĵְܷܷıСЦɩҵ򳤵ôܺ˿صһһۣḧżʹոմսк֮󣬰ӲȻԼϹҪִܶ࣬ʧܷܷ֮жֵظĦҴĢͷüĿؽСС׼ˡû뵽С󣬾Ȼӵϣ䱦ϣ䱦ܲܰϣ䱦ٷСѨУúõһһܺѩױ壬ҧĶЦŵϷСҲˣҰɣҸ㡣ֻܺİһ䶯ſһĴ棬̧ͷ˿ߴԹصһһۣȻͷȥſӣСں˽ȥְܷܷҴŪ׶£ŪһȻŪһĢͷͼеۡ
һ̲סٵشϢܺĲٶŪò˫ֱסһĺΣſɺӣСڽɵȻ̳Խȥ˱ۿһȻ͵˼㣬ѪţĿۣӲ
㷢ƮĸԸΪڽһеǿҵˬɵôشϢһסףԳڶͦɶ츾ܺĽţ䷢ʵĽߣһֻ飬Ƭ̼ȻճĿˮ˼
һ˷ܣһеذס츾ܺĵֱһҲܲˣֱӰܺɳϣԲθ߸ε
һ޼ɵظܺķԲΰ꣬ѩʮ㣬ɫòʪĻĹȣܺıһòѹֲס
һץסܺĵμ⣬ͦӺѨ⧲޷ƵָоȷǴ̼ɣһӽ֮ȫ¡
һסܺķԲΣҳײĹȡܺŤͷĿ˿ؿһٵؽֵһû۸˼ңһץסܺѩ׻Բμ⣬ͦʶžžĴײΣÿζ뵽׽Ĺ淭һ㡣
ڼ಻ɿʱͻȻɺɺһԼԿ״򿪷ţ򳤷˾ȻİɳϣΣһ壬лޱš
ÿɳܣ۾ȴ᲻뿪һ£Ŷ˵Ľϴһĵ̣ɺɺѾʱӻȡ
һɺɺˣγԼ㣬ܺѾÿڰοܺأ㿴ܺĶŹٺúõİο㡣˵ţһֺݺݵĶ˶¡ššɺɺҪ߳ܰ㲻ҪŶҪйˡҪйˡһŮ˿ǿ߳ܺǿ˷ܼһְɣܺĲһ˵д̼ĪܺĵһСѨĽ˱ִ֪ܺﵽ˸߳ģˮʡ
һѾ̱ɳϵܺģת§סѾ֪һߵɺɺٵѵɺɺ·ƵɳһߣһϸɺɺĶòϸü˫ֱͫıӣ͹ôǡôļͬһ崿׵ϣһ޷ܵʣں˳糤ԽĳгŮģԴŮ޳ߣѩ𪡢ļӵôǿҵջ
һϵִϵɺɺȳƵ壬۹˼ʺ͹̵ɺɺҲ̲סˣһְֻɺɺβһָƺĻ˫μڲصعʱɺɺһ
һסɺɺĽͷӨ׵ĲϣɺɺϸļʹһһһʪĴӡ
һӲ෽סɺɺͲɷ˵ѹ˫ϣͷ˿С죬ݡһӵɺɺϺزļȼûϢȥɺɺ̼ǿҶƬ촽¥һڣ
תɺɺʧⰮ֮ŽӵʵڶȷѪĸо̤ʵҸܲѹֵİͷţҸж˫һ޲ǰһԼĺһɫŮ˫ֲĦʱɺɺʼȣս죬΢ҧӣʶ³ʡ
һһ˫ֿʼֵƣɺɺۼͦأͬʱ˫˵ĹĶͷʼζ£˫ۡǼ⡢˫һ·ǵأȻһһȻܸоǶľ˵ͻ͵ɵ󣬸㻳Ѱ̽ʤһ
еļѾ飬壬һǣ巢ı仯һȻϽ˵ĺΣסĽͣŤʶĥһԵ
һһֻҲͲסį˳ż˽ţ˿󻬵Ĺأֱָ֮̽Ǻŵѩ壬ϵӣң¼йҶŪһֻԽ˵ֹʱѲ֪ߵصֻͣҷ߽ɺɺɳͬʱһŴҲʼįֱӵɺɺͷ죬һߵؽӣҺͬʱͷסŪҧ
ɺɺԷǳ٣죬գӣ΢ţҷԸе̴ںǰѩס͡Ƶйɵٵĺţħ㽿ѩ׵Ը߳϶һ¶
һתƵɺɺͦεǰôӽעӨ͸Ľ˫飬ǰ״̰Ө׵ķɫϸɻԲ΢΢Ķ̬һĶҲ಻סһںסɺɺһֻѩ飬˱ţͬʱסһ𣬾ĴวŪֿгԸ߳ɺɺһ˫ѩ˵Ƚ§סǰૣ΢΢
һ֬ķۼȴϼˮ۾ҫʵǹ⣬۽üҾ˵Ĵ飬ɢŽ㼵̬
һ̧ɺɺһѩȣͦӣᳵ·شůʪڣ૵㣬Ұˣɺɺ޳ʵ˫ȲһһõܵܣõģɺɺȫȻܺĻԼߣһǳһɶײɫɺɺߺСӵһؽߡ
̧ͷֻаߺ޵һϣһԱɰĽͦҲǰ˫ѩ˻޳ȸǱܵؽסһƷ飬ɺɺȫһƬհףֻ֪ƴȫӭһˡҲˡȡҪˡҪˡɺɺĽһ̵ɺɺĵ߷壬Һ
ֻɺɺգϽߵκͼҽŸ߳ĺϣɫ崿Ů񣬺һ˵ͼ
׵ڴĳԵøľӨ˿ббɳϣԽ¶һ὿ĵĳ֮




170¡һԸ

һΪûзйֶŽסɺɺһԼͦŭʡޱȵİ飬СѪӲͦĿɰǰһ·»סһ󡢽Сɰ̺죬һ˱ߣұߣȻһ·»ֱǽɺɺȵĴȸС
һ̼öŪɺɺĽа˱һ˫޳ѩȷ˿ߴԽԽϣһǵøһ㡣
һֱɺɺ˱ýϸ룬κ𣬱ѩҲʼȫǸոɺɺ߳İҺװ׵ŨŨġ
һ̧ͷסڵǽϸ㴽һʪǡɺɺ㰵£ۻҵһơݱػӦšɺɺͬʱָоһһȹ̵Ӳľ޴ֽضСϣǻôֽɺɺСѨһϸɳ̬޼ɵɫˡһ΢ƫˮģˮ飬ƽٵ㷢˿ƮƮȻڰﻹߵĽģѩࡢȫûһȱݵӨ׼ȾŵĽκ죻Ǿ߳ɢ˷ۺ壬ĳɺɺϸߡ޹ǵɼ壻עĿģǶ΢΢ķ壬˿εظͦţԲ󣬶˶Ľ嶥ӣҺͦţδ͹δ͹ݏȴԵĲժ㣬ۺӣѩ׹󼡷ĳ֮£ˣɺɺ˫Բ޳أһ˫˳ȣߴӵţ뽫Ѿӳǽţ͸ļһСӨȻںұĵسгȺߵУ̿ŵ˻Ϊ֮Ӹ˵ɶ칤˽ĵһ
һɫֻص棬ɺɺź۽׾ӨԲ񼡷ӯѩ޳šעĿģͦǰһѩɽ壬ΡΡ壬ӯӯգʵͦʣʾɫŮͳеĳζ
嶥ɫ΢ϵģͬԲѣԳһȦۺɫ˫һɽȵ鹵ڿʣһҲ಻סһںסɺɺһֻѩ飬˱ţͬʱסһ𣬾ĴวŪ
ɺɺԭյĿʱȴڲɿë۵ϲ֪ȾĨҺ죬ԵøĺͽޣƽĺҲ̱ôϢͦε˫İһϵŪ£ߵŮһ˷ۺɴһ˫С㣬ҲΪǿҵĴ̼ͦ۵Ĺȹ棬͸ճİҺԴԴӿˡһӶ˱꣺ý㣡ý㣡̫ˣҪһҲ˰㼵ĴϢҲͲסɺɺǽꡢĿ֬ļ콿ͦǰһѩΡΡ͵ĺʵͦʣʾޱȳζ嶥õɫķ⣬ͬԲѣԳһȦۺɫģɺɺһ˫޳ȣ鲻ԽؿĦݣƷţĹ֮еĲε㽦ˡ
˳̴ڣһԥİƬᴽϣ˵Ľ˴˶̰ŶԷеҺСˣһһΰŪ£ɺɺѩӼͦ΢΢ȣ˫ԵøӷԲ֮໹̺Ŀε޺Ҳһ͹̣΢΢ӲŮסһ̲סԼͷͦأڱǼӯܰķ㣡
һѹסɺɺǧĵľɫһ˿ҡѩ׵ĳѹ£˫ַֿɺɺ޳ѩȣҲƲסԼûзйɺɺСѨһѹý㣡ý㣡ҽˣšýůҪ㡭һؽɺɺʪڿҵĳ鶯
һŶׯĳУеǽѹǾԿΰͻȻһᡭأɺɺϢһԭԼֱһС룡ԼССкһǿĴ̼У֡Ѿؽ뵽֮ڣͷĿѣǿҿд̼£ɺɺԲò˼ٵؽεؽתšššɺɺԽ䶯Ӧţһ˫ѩ׽޳ʱ١ʱƽš֪Уǧġֵľɫ˫޳ѩȾһ󣬲һÿһ½롢ߴؽС̧ˡˬһɵҺˬйˡɫ㡢òɵľɫɺɺһĴ̼£һƬѣ˼άһհףʺ˵ӣһת䣬лŮļ۷壡й˽첻֪ڼθ߳
һͷɺɺҺĽ£ҲƲԼһҲﵽ˸߳ɺɺģȫҺɺɺĻС
һſɺɺĻζһ£۾öܺģֻܺĵ˫۾ȻһɺɺĽϴܺĵֲ֪ѾԼСѨϣŪţһעԼһܵСһƬ졣
ܺĶһͷһƬȣɺɺСѨлǺܺߣԼŵܺϣܺĸоһԼһ·»ӡ鹵ܿϵٴͦѹȵĸоܺĵԺֳǸٵ龰߲
һĺӣҶǸһܸܵܺٲĸоһܺӣĦĺӣұѹ־ǿصһǿҵ
һسܺĵ٣ܺı̼ýеġһֹͣ˳򣬶鹵ѹܺĸߵͦѩ壬ӭһļѹһ˶ӣҵ鹵
ܺԺܸߣҲܴһ˼ɵ˫ѹסԼ壬ܺԸܵһӲĻȡһ̽Եس鶯˼£鹵ܻѹкǿټϴɺɺİҺ˳ܺĵ鹵лšǡһֻÿˬˣ;ϵ˫ݼܺȴǾԵĲͬģ츾ǾԲΪ̽ĩȻڣȴΪһˣôԸ˳񡭡
һһУһܲݼĪˬһؿŴ϶ǰ̽ͷʼس壬ֻеһˬޱȣеģһԽԽ죬ܺı˫ţ϶ԽԽ
һӵ껬һķѾŪŭǣȫȣ׳ĿܺĵָһָŪʹеů쳣
һִδйĳ嶯Ϯһ񾭡ܺĴ鵴üĿſӣС콫һķ̽һͦһһͱܺĵĺ
ܺĿһˬģֻ˵ԺͻϲǶ࣬˶
һ츾ȻԸΪԼ齻ͿڽοϻɺɺİҺһܸжͷǻȣܺĵӴ˼㡣ôɩãɩɡ˵Ŵܺг
һܺĵͷܺĵ񾱣գɫָĦķΣһⲻĶͨ͸ӨĶ;ôĵһӿ¿ٵܶȦ󣬱㲻ס̼ÿһеļԼĸйʶ
һϮȻڼܺĶǹʪۣŰĳ࣬С༡˱СԪĶشܺĵͷ
ʵĸоֱͣײţʹεͣȴǵסкڱŷ
ȻһĺƯܺĵĶʣߺ˿ȵϢ͸ݡֱ˽ȥѷĶǼϸܵССëִڶ޵ļ˿ĸоĵͷ




171¡һԸ

ܺ΢Ŀһ˵棬һôɩ⣬ôɩСѨһ˵ƺһεӴ̼ܺĵġ
ܺĻͷһۣһ§Լߣ°ͣ˵ɩղҸɵĺСѨýСѨҪˡܺıһֻߣæͷУһ˳ưӵɳϣ֧ߣ˵ݣһֻȴظߵķ˵ɩӦңԶҪ뿪ҡֻңԶ㡣Ĵ硣
һָƵѩ׵򦡣΢ȵܺѷնķһɾ˵Ӱ΢΢һ¡һҲԻ֪ģұһġܺĵţȴûƿĴָĻǴɩͷſԼԼ԰ɣϲɩһֻһһ»ܺĵ壬۾ѩ˵鹵ɢ츾˵Ϣ
һԭϵЦݣʼʧעʼɢֻ봥֬ÿһ⻬ϸ弡ͷ
ܺĵʼ٣ҲǶôϣһǣֻһǾͺãһʧĴܺ̾Ϣ
һûͷֲֻ壬ָֻĸʵ鷿ý㣬ôɩôôͦôˣ˻ķػǱҰɡôưѩ׷סóܵȸꡣ
ܺ޷Ѻߵúηеӣʱͦ𣬴Ŀȷ૵ţһ󵨵ذ˫ַһϣͷߴӦǣѰһղŸʪܣһŰͷ̽ůˬϸĿС
ܺĸоһ촽ѹʪĺ촽ϣһȵ˫ܺĸоԼʱһֿ˫ʱ˿ֿ˫ƵһʱܺĿоȻڳҺ
һͻȻ촽ʪ˫ִͷܺĵСڡͷЦգʶƴİڶͼܿһŴ죬ͷлţʱСһʱŹߣ˵ĿڽһǵĸоãܺʱоٻţԼһֵֻĻһڻɷ裬ӯޣ࣬˱ţҲԸֿ
ܺѱԼĺ촽ȫɥʧһֺͿܣһļȴǸĸߣֻòֻһ϶ѣͷѸ˽С࣬ڴ趯ţе֭ҺסζֱͱȵϱζŪܺĵʱ
еܺĻȻҵһȵڿŪҲϻ裬˵֭ˮ֪ô£ĺзˡܺǽꡢĿ֬ļ콿ͻȻܵһǵĻᣬɫ־Ȼ̽ɴԡ棬ĦԲȣҵôߵ֮һҪܺĽ૵ôɩҰ㣡ͺúҵ۰ɣһٴν٣ǴżʺҰ̽Уסȡǻۡ
ܺĵͷ޷ҵӵʼʧ40ȶͣ鲻Խ§һָḧľֺҲĦСȡõĿлϮʹʶһŤֱоһѾӲܵıס֮䣬еһĻСѨҺҶ
ĥ˵ʱȼܺ硣һҲѳռ츾ܺľӨѩ׵ǰź۽׾ӨԲ񼡷ӯѩ޳šעĿģͦǰһѩɽ壬ΡΡ壬ӯӯգʵͦʣʾɫŮͳеĳζ
嶥ɫ΢ϵģͬԲѣԳһȦۺɫ˫һɽȵ鹵ڿʣһҲ಻סһںסܺĵһֻѩ飬˱ţͬʱסһ𣬾ĴวŪ
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һûȲѹѩ׷壬ֻǳͷߣ󱦱ȴ˵סôɩ˵ѴɳƵͳ
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һϸȴ޹ǵͻȻ鴤սһһۡ϶סһĳܹǣƬڼҧס߸
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һΪʲô߳Ϻ쳱δˣ˿űͷȴδ侫һ㣬Ϊ츳ܿƾأսƣһץס۵飬ȥһںס΢΢飬ܵߵƼȵĽҺʱһӲӲӣҡ
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һľںֱײؼһÿһµĳ顢塢ײҪһƽ༸ҲһʮĿУʱ˵һģˣʧص£һҲͣһֻһֱǰ壬ϵĳ塢塢塢塢塢塢塭һᣬ鶯䣬һԼմһƵѪڽ۵ѱһĴִʹ³ĥˣһĪ˷ܣ㣬𣿡һ̫ˡʵĵеģһĪ˷ܺȸԾֻԸȥµʵˡһң֪⣬һһȥһᶨǰֲܿ嵽˵ףֻջٿڵһȦסһǽĳ̶ȣһеʹȻһȦ棬ȴһƬɾһһسʱ˫һץסһֱָۣһУɫʹʹַ֡
ĽѲ֮ǰļɬֻٳʱʹʧˣȡ֮ģһķ쳣Сʱ˿̣근ѱһȫ֮Ȼڣȴ޷ֹ֮ܵǰٳʹڿУѵŻĿܣڴʱʹδȫȴѱĿȫǹ峩ĳӿʱ䣬ʲô߳ܡϣȫһˣĿܣܵ˷Σз˹ͻȻһսһһҰްŭͬʱ壻Ժ䣬ֻǿµĶͻȻһһͼ䣬һɹɵľһĴѲʹڳʱһƵѪŰǵľҺľٴһδ㣬صذƬ۵ֿ˿ǱԼֺ׵ľջٺЩڲսһر̱ꡣ
һڴŴߣһŵָƵΪо˼ȵĿֶ¶Ĵżı飬ͻȻ䣬һвɵһۣΪȻоӨ飬һ˫ˮĴ۾˳
һΪǸոԼ츾ĺţӶʹ츾оίŻԼǰأ£һͷȥһŵָƵ֮ϵۣҲĵ㣬ԲҸողĸܣίˣұ֤ԺҲˣҪ˺òá˭룬һ˵ãһһ˵ˮֹסƵģһᣬһһĻԴһļ־շԺоһѹ֣һֱԥţҪҪһ
֪ԼһĻһһٵ鷳һԼֻĬĬ뿪һԶҲɽϳ֣꿼ȥ˾
ǾǡԼѾһŮˣȻԼϹϹĵλȴһ֮һԼһҪһһεȡᣬԼҲˣһԼ߳Լ̤صĺһһ𣬶һΪѣԼҲǿˣͻȻ뿪ɽ򣬵һ˭ҲҲԼĵطȥ
ոһᣬһƽ⣬Լѡûдģԣһţһ߽Ϸ飬һһʮĽһˡ
һ־վȻĶ꣬μҪըˣǿ滨ӣһ֪Լ¶ַŭһӵĵģ£һԵİο꣬־Ҫ󶼴ӦһȴţԼҪôı־գΪ۸ԼŮ˶ۡ
һҪ˯Լļģ꿼ǵԼ־ձϾû飬ڶһļȥԺ󣬸˿һӰ첻ãԼҪؼȥһ֣ҲûǿԺһһ̣ĿҪεı־ˡ




175¡ûһ

ʱһֻͻȻ绰һȴɺɺģһԼɺɺ֮ԼոԼһֱ־նԼŮ˵һʱûڵ绰ɺɺֵһҷ·ˣһôӰ
һȻΪ鲻̫ã뵽ɺɺҲͬԼŮˣԼܺ˱ˣһɣ˵Լٳٲԭڹ˵绰Ժһٶȣϵɺɺļ
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뵽ɺɺȻ˵ͨҷһ𹲷򣬶һܽƣһ֪ɺɺĽɲһǿҪ֪Ůڰϣɶ˽ģмԸͱŮ˷һѽɺɺһ㣬һҷƣõøһƵģɲһܰõġ
ҷһˣһŵָƵɵ΢΢һ죬ƺ˽ҪһģҷЩŤںһһкԺ󣬱߽һ䷿һҷӷϽһŶɺɺķȥ㣬һԡ¶˵ɺɺԡһƿԡ¶
ҷϵǿǾŮǷḻ԰Ժһһ۾ʹָпǼɫ˿ǿ㣬ܹϸСһɺɺһϲϸխסԸǿ㡣뵽ҷȻڿ㶼׼ˣһɵĻһЦ
ҷѾϴȥˣһΰɡ뵽Ҫ飬һҲó嶯£һһߵͳҷ߽ԡҵӰһ˵һ˳ưɺɺɳϣɺɺȥſɳϡ
ʱһɫָɺɺ壬һָɺɺϣȻ·ǸоɺɺƤû
һɢ͸ɺɺıɺɺߡһھɺɺȻԼΪΪ
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һû뵽ɺɺȻȤ£һȣһҲ֪ڲܼҪɺɺе㺦ߵĵô·ˡѽһЦ˵ɺɺѾԾķһϸϸɺɺ
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ں㷢ĵһ˫̺峺ǻ۵ԿܣнĶһ派صȻˮеܽأ˲ʿԵ־硣
Ȼʮ꣬ڱõɺɺʮᣬǰף˳ĵķϡ
ʱֻֻɺɺͨ죬ͷ󺹣ԿóһɺɺˣҪ㡣ɺɺһĻ񼤵һѹԼϣû´ܣʱڷĲֹ
һҧ޵ӣĺ촽˶еϢɺɺ꣬еһҲûǱˣһʱرľٶסʥӣǰȴһ
ֻݵԥɺɺٲԼĿƣһͷĲһһĺɺɺһ˵ɺɺ̴ÿһ䡣
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ʱһɺɺѾ㺹죬·ʪ͸ˣϽɺɺİɫֻʣغͰɫ˿㡣
һʱɺɺ壬⻬㱳ϸ°ѩ֡ϸСɲһյ°ɫذű˫壬̺Ե͸
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¶ļܵɺɺѹԼһǰİӣ˫ָϽס°ɫأѪһ㣬߲εĽ̵ĵһ㣬Ҫҡһɺɺ壬ѿڵɺɺม˵˫Ƶɺɺᣬʼ⿪ءɺɺҪֹһӴԼĵطһֻеȫҪ£һæסڻС
ʱҲ⿪֮䣬ɺɺĲȣǰһţؼм䣬סǰһ԰塣
һɺɺůܵɺɺǰƮ棬ٽӴİ̱¶ǰ
ͦ۵˫ͦţϺ鷿ȳƵУۺɫνģ΢΢ͦͷˣƽ̹СǶˡСɵĶ۶һѪš
һʱղܣҪɺɺȫɣ˫ֽŵɺɺ㣬ŵɺɺȫǳˣ̧졣ѩ춱ϥϣѩ׵Ķ£һƬɫ˲ݴԣ֮ʵȻĶ޲ϰݴԣһ֮Ƶѩ޳˫Բͦβɫ󡢵ԣĲɷ
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ָһ٣ķۺɫ仹δȴԲĹĵ¡һһںסɺɺ飬ͷ˱죬ʱҧ壬ͷ١
ʱɺɺ̲ס߳һԵģʥĿλ书ǿƽޥĵɺɺŪ޷мܣׯŵź쳱Ϣ٣׵ۺɫ٣Ѫͦ˭Ҳ֪ɺɺѾ˷Ӧ
һʱҲæĲɿɺɺں㷢˳˳ļ㱳쵽ʵĴȼԲβ䲻ͣơĸĻ֣ʱͯ̽ԵĻѩμĹϸŮصǵش
ûãһ΢ëëһʼɺɺĻꡣһɺɺʥ˽鷿࣬Ȼоһδй˷ܿУ亦ԼоĺƮգ¶Ĳת
İԼ壬Ļĵӿûܾһ񣬷һڴͬʱŮеĲλʹɺɺ𽥻ȣ޷ݵʹУɢ壬泩ĸоĵ
һָİպһƬ޻꣬˲·µضһ룬ɺɺһֱһǰֵĶׯӦҵ˦ף鲻ԽӣдһͬʱüͷżҲ΢΢һɺɺиǸˣŹصָЪֱڣֻڲխһɼ˱ضָıůʪƣɺɺضļѡ
ֻǲָǰָڣ͸е˵ѹָͻ죬еĲʱɺɺ޷ܵĽУԼие־壬деҪǷģҶһǰ¶̬һҷڰ




176¡û

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ҲʶŤͦʣ˾ÿԹһ֪ɺɺǷѾܹˣɺɺ
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һ⽡׳ʵļȫһ㡣ȻѾḻûɺɺԼһЩȽϺãѹʱȽܽܡ
ָĴ̼ͻȻ뿪ܵеĿѾжϣһ޷ǲĸУɺɺԸһȻǰһͦһڵĴ׳󼦰ͣаˡŴ糤ŭĿ󼦰
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ɺɺһǸŽҵġ΢Ļ꣬һľ޴󼦰͡
һ֪ɺɺѾǽ޳ȼԼʣֻɺɺ괦ëĥԼ¸ǳ
һͷ˱ɺɺ鷿˫ֽץסɺɺķ۷Σ׵Ĵ󼦰ͽӽʪضڡɺɺе˫ȱֿθ˫һڵĴ󼦰͵ԼѨڣһһͦͽԼĴ󼦰ͻĲɺɺСѨ
һɺɺʱȻеѨխСڿƾ֮ǰֵ󻬣ԼļʵԣӲǽִĴ󼦰Ͳ˽ȥһֻԼĴ󼦰ͱüʪסѨĸغǱëơ
һҺ֮޴󼦰ƹ룬ɺɺԣǳսĸо뵽Լѡ
һĴ󼦰ɺɺڣʮ˳ͳѨֱġ֭Һ˳̹֮ᣬ˳
һɺɺطǽĺܣеҺѹรɺɺɲԷһ㣿ɺɺ߲ΣһҡþöûˡԲŻҪһ㡭òáһͷһͦһ壬ɺɺ̲סźһһָǲֵϡŰһʹòŸĵۺɫͷֿʼΪĳѪɫҲ𽥼ᾱ䲻ʱᰮҸż᲻Сĵﵽϡɹ䣬ǽɺɺʧ롣
һʼǰƶʱһǿսϮɺɺѨ޴ᴩڱֻڿʼʱڴ󼦰Ͷʱȴ׳Ĵ󼦰͹ᴩ¸ǹppᡢĿζʹͦ͵ĳ嶯һΪģɢȫʹɺɺѹѾõԭʼѾˡ
һŬɺɺͣɺɺҡڡֱͦὫһػһһɺɺβͣһɺɺ鷿ǶɺɺĿԼ˽ëʪĻ꣬ԼһֻϽԼڲĴ󼦰͡
ۿһ󼦰ͳԼѨļҹƣɺɺев򣬱еĺתΪеʱ˲ͣ塱̡̡ˮּ˴ɺɺдԽԽҪˡһ󻬵壬ŤƵ㶯һ壬ɺɺֻʲׯ󶼲ˣ̵ɧ̬֮ԣʰ
ʱ鱻ҪƣԴûʧɢᡢ顢ʹһ˿ƮУһǴѧһ׹򡭡Ҫҡ㡭һ㡭һ壬ɺɺŤͦӦսһӣɺɺˮͣһһεĶɳϡ
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һɺɺɧ֮״ֱԼʶĸղŻֵɺɺٴջĺ촽˫ֽ§һͦ׳Ĵ󼦰ͣþͲɺɺ֮йԼ߰ɺɺ֮ɺɺ֮ˣ޾ݣ֡
ɺɺó졭ԡɺɺˡมϵµҺ壬ɺɺ˽е֭ڹĺˮǲԽµҺʪ͸ɳ˵ϣڷڵƹ£⡣
ȻɺɺĽһ˶鷿ҵزȫһҡĳ飬ƵҡĽҪšҪйˡɺɺй֮󣬸е˫ץɳ棬ͦµĽս㺹ܡģֽеĽеһûˡʵܲҪԩҡһɳϣǸѩ׷ʴķθ߸ԼĴ󼦰ͣ͵ĲһһϵĶڣһ²ֺݣɺɺѽš
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˷ܺʹ̼УʹɺɺķҡڡǰͦʣһҵĲ顣ιһҵһġɡɡġĲɡҰɡҺʹ졭ҵɧˮ֡֡ˡมйˡڵɺɺѾȫ뵽֮ˡһֻɺɺӹһһеҧ˱ԼĴͷһĭƵҺֱͷɳһƬ
ԼҲﵽ侫۷壬Ϊʹʹ죬ݡͷڷѨһһҵĳ壬ĥĻģеɺɺƨͦ㡭ҿ졭Ҫ侫ˡ졭ɺɺζŤˣĴæƴǰͦѸҡڵȹƵ졣
һֻеɺɺĻĿϵĸ죬ҧ˱ùͷܡѽ˵Сԩҡҡ֡йˡɺɺҡҲ侫ˡһֻô󼦰Χһǿҵľγ飬ҪǬƵģֱɺɺҺٴεһ弤ʱеһ泩һδйĿֱţͷһһ飬һᣬһŨȹٵɺɺСѨ
һѹɺɺϣĴ󼦰ͼЪԵͣÿһζȵҺ壬ɺɺӹɢһľҺҲһһεİɺɺϸ߳ĵ߷壬Ǳ˺飬˻ȵ̫ޱ˴֣֮ѽˡһ˶ﵽԵ㡢Ķ㡣ɺɺ˾߳ᣬȫ̱õ޺죬ܵĺһţϺδˣһ˫յĿͣ




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һͷŻеɺɺиеοҲŰγ󼦰ͣŻеɺɺ˫ָİϷɽԽ룬󰮸
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˶оˣӵ౧ɺɺƶӣ̸е־ߡԼ޳ʵ˫ȣ޳ܵĽסһ˫ȣһĴ󼦰;ԼѨǵģóʵ
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ࡡ㶥ˡɺɺǵϸĺšĺţš԰ȤһеɺɺˮԽԽ࣬󻬵ã㿪ʼĳ壬ȴӦˡٿͲػ١
ɺɺҲˣ˫˫Űһģ̵βԽҡԽѽѽĺҲ̡̡ˮԽԽ죬Ҳ࣬ԴҲԽԽˡ
һӿ壬ǳһǳһǳһı仯ų壬ʱΪһǳһǳͻһһףƨʹͷĥӹһ
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һæֹͣ壬ɺɺʹֱܽ˳Ҫ˼ʲôΪܣҪΪͺߣ飬󵨵֣ܹ泩ҲⴺҹһЦɧɺɺ˵ѷϡһߴ糺ķ˵ɺɺһ׻˵ţŮҪС񡱲Ȣ̫̫һڼҪڶǳҪ󸾣ϴҪ񵴸һֵԣɺɺڴϾҪضɽҡ̻ʣൽһȥܽĸ߷塢Ķ㣬ʹ֮ݡҪɺɺ飬Ҫߡôҵĺɺɺҵĺһɺɺһһ˵鿪ҲȵĽţӣ͵һҪǡ
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ÿζĵϣƨһĥɺɺ˹һһڲͣ塢仨ıͷĥ켫ˡ
ɺɺеιһҺôûС侫ءܲҪȥˡ󡭡󡭡㡭һҰɡҵСѨ챻ơˡҪһɺɺɧ˵Ľдͷӹҧ˱һ˵ľҪһеҰԡͳݲ壬׳ʿǹһ͹ʹ򡣡ѽһҪˡࡡһˡɺɺ޷ѣ͵һͦĽҧסͷһɹȵŨҺֱٵһ͵һ󼦰Ҳһͦ˼£ͷһһᣬһ̵ľҺǿֱɺɺĻġһͦĿСһʹˡһҵⲫս
й֮һɺɺ˫֣ʱ۵ͷͷӲȥڿͻ٣ɺɺòͣĲȫɺɺϢĽеһұúܡ㡭ͣһͣҪѽҡһʵôɺɺǲǺѽͷҡҶˡÿܲһһףͷȥסһͷ˱¡ҧŪţָӿСѨʹˡ
ȻɺɺŤְڵĽеҪһҪҧҡҵͷˡҡˡŶҡˡҡŶ˵ȫ͵һһһµİڶţִ߳йˡһʵɺɺ治һҶ˻Цң˵ϣ˫һĲӣӵеĲ࣬ܵĽǡ֮Ǭһ鲻ơ
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һɺɺƽڴϡһŪ˫޳ȣϸķ⣬ֻ͹ϣһƬŨϸëëֻƬʺĴߣúŨ
ƬʺëĴƬۺɫСɫСͻ⡣һһ˱ҧĴ˺
ɺɺеһһұ㡭µˡ𡭡ҧѽҺѽ㡭µúܡҡҾҪˡɺɺһҧȫƮ񵴣ģСѨˮ񽭺Ӿһϵֱ˽еһҪҵġˡйˡѽܲˡһ̵ˮɽɺɺֵһŮˡҪˡһйô࡭ˡ졭桭ֹֹһҪĴ󡭡󡭡ɺɺ˵ߵ˵ȥһɧģⶺ˵ɺɺҪҵĴʲôô˵ȥأһ㻵ͻ۸ҡҲˡҪһġ󡭡󼦰͡ҡҵġСѨҡֹһţҵĺɺɺֹֹ˵꣬󼦰Ͷ׼һһ̡ͦһҡ
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һ˵ͦƨͳͲ壬ֻɵȫɺɺܾ˽Уֱ߰ĽһıеѽһҡҪˡҵСѨ졭챻ŪˡԩҡҰɡҲˡʱһԡﴫŲһ֪ҷˣʱһааһЦҷ߳ԡңһŮһƴӭţҷһϴȫ
ɺɺѾ׹֪ҷѾϴˣһ֪ҷˣʱöֲͬʽ壬Ҳ廨ǳһǳһǳһǳĥġĥ١һǳһͳ鵽ڡͲ嵽׵ȵʽŪɺɺ
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ɺɺŪͣĴ򺮲ˮͺˮŪʪ󼦰͵ԩҡҪҪˡˡйˡɺɺ͵һΣıһһйעһеͷһȡһ飬һȫӹȥˡ
ɺɺŨ̵ľҺôһѽһˡһ꾫һ·ѹɺɺϣſӣҧһļϣʹһһѽ˾ƣɳϡ
ʱɺɺתͷȻҷվǱߣɫôΣɺɺ˲֪ղźһУˣֱ
һߵҷǰ֣ߵɳߣҷһѣ뻳СҷʱһƬհף޷Ӧһ·ҷ㣬Ǹոأû뵽ˡһƤ˵һ˵šҷҷѱһղֿɺɺһңѲһĸŪҷ̱ɳϣ޳Ⱥ˫۶ţһΡ
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Ͽգںڵĳҵɢѩмͷͷۺͷϣһһӣ΢ţȵĺһ׵ˡͷţִӽŵͷһһ顣⽿͹磬ϵ۵Ľһȫסˣ
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һ֧˫ֱҷǡҷӲһϣһתȦĦš
һһץסһѩ׵飬󣬶һȥ˱ҷһԾ޴Ľ飬ݲϵҧɰķɫͷʪͷ͹ͷ
ҷ岻ͦţһ嶼زվһҺҷһҷǸˣ鷿³ڳһֻ֣˳ҷƣҷĵ׿֮Уһѱë׵壬Ѿʮֵʪ󣬲֮ˮϴŪʪںڹë
һʮָˣæҷĵ׿ҲַֿĴȣַֻֿǽ۵Ļɫмһҫ۵顣
ָƶֿҷۺĽϵĻ꣬һĿѾĽ紦Ҳţвϵķڳζ
һָ뿪ڵĽռ⣬ҷĺУһָڳˮлĳţҷԾͦŴƨѾȫʧһȫĵͶ뵽ȵĿ֮Сһָ뿪ڵĽռ⣬ҷУһָڳˮлĳţҷԾͦŴƨѾȫʧһȫĵͶ뵽ȵĿ֮С
һַֿҷĴȣޱȵսҷҷԴ̼ĿУȫʼнĲҴŴеһҪɺɺҰһŲЩеҷҰ㣡˵ţƨһһӲͦİ˴һҷֱײӹҷʪһܺ˳ز롣ҷһеҪоԼСѨ޴ĹͷƽһЩţЩ£ֽץסһ֣ҧ´һ˫Ŀغϡ
һ߶ʮһ׼ҷСѨ˽ȥҷܵͻĳβܵǿֻҧһһĳ塣
һ˷ܵش壬ҷĽһҳ£Сһšѽͣѽԡ㲻ǡôɺɺǰ¡ɺɺ֣淢һ˷ܡ
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һʼҵĳ壬ҷʹɾУɵת䣬ʹʹѽʹѽˬѽһ㩤ѽѽޣŶһľ޴زţҷĻݺݵĥţˮ˳ڵš
һز壬ҷƴϣ˿ֵľ硣ҷŤĽһĹƸˡҷҲ˼ͷȽؼһĴ̽ȥҷٴһըĸоԼҪˣһΣҺ˳
һĳҷ˵鷿ζҷѹһ˵ºܿľ˸߳ŶһðȻȡ󡭡ҡСѨܲˡ챻ɱˡҰɡְһĶУһĵ񡢸Ұԭʼԡһ³ķֿ˫ȣһַһһͦµļͱһĹСѨ
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һһѱվ˫ŲһѨһľ޴ޣޡ˼ղѨͼѱһԡ
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һͣһҷ߳ˡһҷӿȪˮƨɣɳϡ
ҷڲתӸɳϡһ˫ϸҪ㡭ҪСţûߡ




179¡û

һӺ汧סһˡҪˡӴҷҰ㣬ҵģҪӵ㣡ҲҪӵɺɺһ߶ʮһҷϸƨ̧ߣʹɳϡԭҷıԸˣѩ׻Բƨɵʮ㣬۵΢Ĺɹмȫ¶һǰ
һϲ飬ϸͺоҷһķָֿһָŪСһֿһۺɫС򣬰ҷÿǣһһָһ¡ӴҷһУһͦһҵĲҪҪһҲˡͣѽһڸе٣ҷӲøһ߰ŤţкԽԽߡ
ҷһ¾˴ķӦӢȻ淢һ߲ͦһ뵽ҷڡѽҷһһมҷСѨҺϲѽҪԶһ𡣡һһáϺƳƳͣһ˷ܵؽšҷͣš
һҵس˼£ҷٷʶ֫һĶϡҷˬ𣿡һ߲ʡˬеޡһġҷҪ𣿡Ҫһٰɡޡȫˡɵáȫ顭ѽѽһеҷͲʹ˱һЩޡมҡҪˣ찡죡һٴЩһĳӿ١ҷĽһĳǰʶѽҷһУ岻ͣزᵹɳϡһ֪˵εĸ߳һҷӰһһ໥ӵţͷ໥ؽ֯һǱСʣҷ𣿡ûлشһĿգ˵ͷһӵǡ
һһȻչ۷硣һḧҷӲͦ鷿˵СףղŴ̼𣿡ɬؿһãС˵̼˵ֱ꣬۾СĸΣҪ𣿡һʡ΢΢Ŀĵؿһǻ˵۹гߺȻ΢΢һЦֳһһͷֱ۾˵ѽ벻Ҫһϣҷ׿ڶһ˵ҪĿ˫֧ӣߵؿһ˵СѾѾˡҪʣҷһһ£׿һϡ
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һһ§Ĳӣһ鷿Ǳ߳塣ҷѩ׵һĳ²ʼ̶﷢ݺű㿪ʼ״εĺУһ󼦰͡ҡมҺˬʹһ㣬Ѿҵˣһ߸ɱ˵Ϊβҡɷ򡭡ҿϹˡôԡ졭ҪˡһӴǡɷ򡭡ѽҷʱźɷʱһӣһĺɷ򡣿ѾˣգѾֲһʲôˣȫлŮҸС
ţһáҡѽ졭Ҫˡ죬һ㡭׵ѽһˡҪˡҷĵĴθ߳ƺң˫ֱһָץһı쳣ؽšĸ߳ƽ˯һ̱ڴϣһ࣬һŪ͸
ҷһŬ³ӣһһԺкӢ۸Уɺɺ֮Լɺɺǰҷ
һҷԣͷҷСѨʱĳܺ£ˮžҺţѶⶼʪˣƬСһһϵءһֻˮ죬ǿСţʮˡ
ëˮ;ҺԺ󣬸ӷ˿̵ҷˮ֮һĻƬ̵´档ҷЦŶ벻Ҳһҷ飬ʱָɰķɫͷҷߵ˵һղŻû湻ѽһЦŷʵ㣬ղűҵˬˬҷߵæϣ治Ȼ˵ĻһҷַֿĿ۾˵ûиٳ̣ʲôʲôҿԺúõİ㣡ҷ¶ϲɫ˵ѽ컬ࡣʵҪ˼Һѽѵ㲻ϲ˵Ҫ󻹲ˬȥģ±ڻʪʪġһȥҷʪҷ˵һֻһšһ͵飬һļͲӲ
һ׽סԼʪᵽҷǰִҷǰʾҵոմγģҷǰȻһһô׳ѽǰԴ׳ˣѹԼղôʹ
һҷľȻ嶶һ¡֪ЧһŽƵҷǱϣأͲ͡
һٸ˹һףḧĦҷļһַĺΣָͷ֭Ѩ
ҷΪһˣȻţС첻ͣȥŪһøɸɾһҷʮһβ𣬶ұһθͦ
ǣһٴβ룬㽫ҷѹһļסԼĹͷҷڣⶴ
һоӹͷһֱߵĸıʪȵСѨסҷ̾һһıսҪڶʱٴΰ
һֻ߳ʣͷ棬Ȼһξ룬ַʽνġɡһʼĳͣÿζףֱˣһͷ㷢ΪҵҡɢְѲݵץ߰㡣һÿһΣẰһҷöĽһ̲סҪ侫ˣɵ̲סн΢΢ͦĲˡ˳ҷһֳʮ£Ҫ侫ˡ㩤ҩҲ˩һǿҿֱһ¸̵ľҺҷڡ޷ͷ嶼ð΢һƬʪˮһЩľҺһ˵ɽˮһ̲ס̱ҷϣҷɵҲ˫˫§ס
㣡һƣվŲ壬òã˵˵ţһҷšš˶ˣֻҪϲҶ㡭šϲվŸҡҾվɡһɳϵҷǽϣһҷǽڣȻһһ§ҷϸһֽҷ˫ֱ𻷱һĲӣһһ̧ҷһֻȣȻһͦҷɧѨڶţҷסһˣһʪѨڣһһ̣ͦһ㽫ҷСɧѨ
ŶǡšΪô֡ÿζҺǡһҷɧѨ󣬻ΪվţҷѨȸոոӵխһԸоҷСɧѨﱻһģһ˿˿϶ҲûС
һһ§ҷƨҲʼҡΣİѹͷӹĥ˼ºȻ⼱飬ѨĥĥȥȻֺݺݵĲ룬ֱĵġ
硭มˡšҵɧѨҲġҰˡš벻ˡһɵҺมˬһǰͦĲţҷˮ¶ַ飬ʺ۵ɧѨΪһŵùǣò˫§һŤҡεɧĵˮ




180¡û

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š硭ม塭ม˼ҪҷҪܵܵ塭׸ԡม㡭һ㡭õܵܲˡɵˬˬˡڲͣžžײ̡̡͡ѨˮҷѨӹһһ˱һĹͷһˬ̲סгڣ㡭มСɧѨҵĹͷˡСѨมȡʪšˬһҲҺˬ󼦰͸ɵ˼ˬˡมԡҵĺõܵܡมִ֡Ӳšֳɡһֲ嵽ҵӹˡมˡมҵĺô󼦰͡ɵˬҷĿ嶶ɧ̬һȤܣգһ۵ͷһֻҲһ鷿ĳţʹĽͦҷСѨҷˮҲ࣬Ѩ˳ƨɹεϣɧ˵ѨҲһļ͡
áðһҵĺõܵܡš塭塭ҵ׵ܵܡมĴͷָɵҵĻˡҵĺõܵܡɵˬˡ󼦰͵ܵɡұɵֿйˡɧѨҪййˡڲͣУҷѾˬýȻһľˣʱرĽΣ绨һҲԽԽ죬δֱҷѨײȪӿˮͬʱҲ̬ϵĲ˫رסһƨƴͦɧѨܸصĹ
õܵܡม׵ܵܡҪˡܸܵɵˬˡҵĺø硭ɷ򡭡ҡҪйҪйˡɧѨйܵˡҷɧѨٴνһļʱһԽһֻҲʱҷ˫ֽһĲӣ˫ȽЮһʣۻһϡ
һһֳϵĸɧѨ׸硭มƲˡมˬһɵˬˡҵɧѨܲˡ˼ˡһ˫ֱҷȽѹǽϣɧѨţ֮ҷò˫ֽıһı˷ܵĲͣţƨɸ̰ҡӭһ
һҵĺõܵܡšҺˬมҵɧѨɵĺˬõܵܡม졭ĸɡšĸҡҵĺɷ򡭡ĸɡҸมˬһҷѨҷ˵ɧһֺּͦƨɣһδζӲ嵽ףÿֶҷĻģҷƨŬͦţӭһĲɣʱѹ˲Ƿᴫȥ
มҵܵܡɵҺˬมԡһĸม硭ҵɧѨˡมҵɧѨˬˡ̫ˬˡ졭มĸɡš㡭һѨɡมܸܵɵˬˬСѨšɧֽˮֶ࡭มҸɵˬˡ㷼ԺҪҪܵܵġ㡭มԺòáҵĴ󼦰͡šɧѨֹֹมõܵܡҵСɧѨɵˬˡֲ嵽ҵӹˡมҡԺҪɡֲӹˡôมšСɧѨᱻɧѨֲˡม硭졭һҷѨˮʪһëһǺϧĸɣʹĲ壬ҷƵģ˫ȽĹסһͣźͣİڶԡԡҵСѨɡมҵ硭ҵСɧѨҪййˡҴûôˬҵܵܡมҵɷ򡭡졭㡭ɵйˡɧѨйˡҵɧѨˬˬһ̵ˮҷӹֱйһ֪ҷָ߳ˣһҷϣͬʱһҷɧѨҷɧѨⲻͣĳ鴤ĿУҷӹʹ顢ʹУҷˮһһ˳һڲ࣬
һҷѾйýˣһҷҷͷ㷢Rҡ̬˵ӣĶһ˫ҷ˫ȣ˱һҷʱҷĽȻĽһһǲѨһ߲߱ıҷǰһҷǽϣһĽһļ͸˳Ȼһվҷǰҷѩ׷졢⻬۵Ľ͸еָͦԲѩ׷鷿
ҷǷ׺ɫӣҴСͷ̵ͦ޺ɫ棬ʹ˿׵ѩס޺졢ڵںڣɫӳ覴õɢŮ˳ĵķϣֱջ˵
һͷ鷿ΧͶ˵Сͷ˫Ҳҷ鷿һţóڸ߳ϵҷּٵĴϢţزҲһһµš
һһҷеزһС淼µԴڰţָͷĲֻһʪˮϵһ˱ҷѨҲͷȥŪź۵ر̶С٣һȻͣͷšš
ššมһҵĺõܵܡ졭ٲมҲˡҪˡ찡ҷĻһվһһְҷϥѹҷſ˫ţȻסһǸ͵ѨĥĥȥֱҷȫţѨܵ϶ͦ
һŽһĲҷխСůѨȻʼǳĳšมš硭ð׵ֲܵܵҵɧѨˡ˲ãҷһһ£ּıһͬʱҲʼҡһĶһһ׶
š㡭ơมѨ𡭡ɵˬˬมѨɵҺˬมšมˬɵҺˬม硭Һšɷ򡭡มɧѨˡมðҵ硭塭ľҷһͱֵˣ֪λŮҪ󸾰㡢ڴҪ񵴸һɧˣһҲ֪ĳֱǿͲҷѨ
ҵĺɷ򡭡มɡมɧѨˬม졭ٿһ㡭ҵĺõܵܡšĸҵɧѨðมô֡šóҺˬ֪ҷ˫ȷֵø˵ѨҲͦĸǰֻһžžһҷѨʱײһ籩ĳ嶯ʹŲҡš
ԡ硭มúม˼Һˬ졭ɡҵĺõܵܡมɵҺˬˬˡมԡ塭มĸҡҷѨһһŵŪһͷȶȣһ󼦰ͺѨĥҲԽԽˣˮһҲˮ͸ˣŮ԰ıܣʻ̧ͦأһɵø




181¡û

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มֻһܸɵôˬҵĺõܵܡมҵɷ򡭡װ硭มֶõӹˡ׸硭ĺõܵܡ졭ม塭Ҫ̲סˡҪҪйˡһҷҪйʱһæתŵϣȻ˫ҷƨձֻͷ;ӶǽϣһƨͦţһĸҷѨĥšתš
มม硭ҵɷ򡭡ÿˬˡˡมᰡšҪˬˡø硭塭Ҫйˡ졭һݵĿ壬ʹҷ㷢ңյκҵŤţ˫ץҪ˺һɧ̬һӵ˷ܣҲӵĲšɵˬˡˡййܵˡҷĽдĸţȫƵصľţӹǿҵ̵ˮһһĳһĹͷţһͲ弸º󣬾ͽĵסҷӹڣҷӹŹͷȤ
һҷɺɺҲ࣬һҷϷйԺ󣬷ɺɺȻĵţһָֻԼ飬ɺɺ壬һļ
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ˮҲϵĲɺɺѨ˳ʹɺɺԭŵӸǶúðһมҺมСѨˡ




182¡û

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һվ̨ϣųŲԺҲͷһۣڿһԺ󣬳ֻعͷȥɢԼĲˣӣǻվһͬһɿһġ
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쿴һȻҵų¸Ǻ򳤵棬ԼдһոյĻСôҲóһҪʲôˣ뵽ЩСҪܣȴ־ԼᵽһĴ̼ì֮ܵ£Сڸһдһķһдķ䣬һŸС࣬ǰٸˣʱ䣬Сƺֱ÷࣬ӵķˡ
ıģҪȳƣһߵߣһľɫ̣ߵﶼһ·ƮƮ֮
۾ִֺ󣬴һˮĶ飬ǽεС͸㣬ĺ촽޽Ử
ֱͦԲ纬ӣѩеĳ£һ˫ͻ΢΢帻еԺŮԵ˸档
һ˫ѩźۣһ˫мѩСʮ޳ָӯӯ_յ֯һֵֽУ΢̶ԲۣƽеԵСһ˫ã޳ֱȣԲɼһ
ܵĻʫа㽿ѩ֬㾧Өϸ˿ټ϶ģʹСһֻѧе崿ʺŮеľź͸߹ǷٸеλðĴϣǹǶںڵһ۾ߵɫڣ޲λǧĵľɫﴺһȡ
һҲͲסһѱٸ˴ϣڸС֮У·һһһı⿪
ֻ£Сţһ׾Ө񻬵ѩ΢΢һʵΣֻͣزͻ
СĴ۾ֵشţطŤҲ޼£һŮĶ֡
¸СǷһ˵ľӨĹεѩյͷĿѣֵһƬٸỬۡ
ڸСһеһ˫岻ϵһǶ۸еԡ۷һ˫飡
һϵײһʼеڸҡۡСеԼһһֵ뿪ԼȥһȴԽԽصѹԼеƣֵϣѹе㴭
СķԽԽֻʣԵŤʾ顣һڸС˵"£ֻٰһΣܿͻµģ㲻Ըǵ¸˾֪Ļ˳ңûĻͷ"
СԲŴ۾ֺصͷƣĸСഭ˼һתͷһµٸ·һ˲ʱһһϡһֳףױȵ
һּţ߹ʺᡣ˳һһֲʳ˼̻һһֱٸǵľɫˣȻ꣬ʶŮǣһû뵽ûϾľɫ
СŵضһһһٸĲǽϲΪϰߣκһ˼ԼûвΪԼ㵹ġ
̷ԼֳֽȻǲʱ˵ģңԼ廹ر¶һУ崿ٸС಻һ죬ߴӵĵ"롭㡭ſҡ"һˣһعٿλɫٸɫΣ̬ˡ
һռһĵڣһеԼѿʼ˷ܣӲһеĿ⽥аֿȡ
Сϲһı仯һΣյźţȻǽ߲һּᶨȻַı飬ضһһָ߹ŶȻʡ
һżȻпСʱҲͷһ𣬷·µпһ˿ĹâٸǸ߹˵ʹһͬʱоԼڽڽڸһ˫ȼѸСѹڴϣһ˫ֽ崿ٸѩ塭
СȻȻԼʥַСеһ˫Ѿ̵ذԼ¶ļϣһһƤ񡭡
һḧŸСĽѩ߹Ů塭Сѿ־εظеһԼ塭Ů齿绨СߵͨһƬһڸСԡš̽š
һϸϸظԡһƬ񻬡ۡ"㣡֡""ˣ㲻"СɸкòΪ󣬿ǣһûһһּڸСԡššһ־öоظУС෢ֲ֪ʲʱ򣬸ղŵļƤѾʧһ˫ȹ̵ĴִһԵ½Լۻ񼡡
˫ֺȣ̵̡úˡһ˫Ե֡˫ԵеĴֲڵƤԼǽޱȵıѩһĦ
ֲִ뽿۵ĽӴĦĸо̡Сһŷĸԡ¸Ĵ֣֪᲻ַԼܸʥ򡭡
Ĳ֪ĸоСʶȥֻȹ̵ĽӴ˵Ǻ»ÿһ˿оٸһŷĶȫ˫ֵĶС
Ժвдһֿռװٸɬ𡪡Сߺһ뵽ԼǴδɷԴļһᱡ
ٸ־ַŭԺĳһ֪Ŀռ䣬˫·¸ֶĳֻȵáٸĻȫûʶһĴ̼
СС͵ͨ죬ŭضһһأһս̬ţһ˫ּڸС·ߡ
һһ˫ֽСһ˫ͣķ"Ů"һѩᱡ֣һֻȵסһ˫ͦ塭
һ˲䣬·һشиСķĽķͻȻܵһֲ֪ӺζĳʵĸоٸԼԼظеһĪļȵĿ־壬"ʵ"ĸоĿ־塭ǶδһеĿ־壬֪
ǣСǾɫȴһƬ޵κ졭ٸһ˫ѩ׿ɰСֽץס˫֣ǴԼʥ""
ǣ˫ּʵʵסһ˫µŭ壬ҿʼСظꡭ˫ʵŵȴһҡСĽԽԽ졭
һȵס˫ޱȵĸ壬ššһôĴָظǸʵ塭˫ŭˡ
ֱ˿֣һҵӣҰСͷҿʼšòš·һë崿˵ٸķĻһ˿İִ̼ĸоͷ
Ȼָ֪оӺζʲۣǣʵöңСһ˲Լһպޣͬʱ·Լ־ʲۣٸĲţһʵǾոʶԼԺеĳ侹Ȼһĸᱡе졭
ٿһ˫ۣһῴԼ˼άΪԼĸоӦɷáռеġȨҲԼԲԼɷ˵ĸӦڲ֪ϸϸˬá


185¡ʳ֪ζŮ




ĵĳ
ļ̸Сߺͷ̧۾ͿǸԼϵһЦЦһӡ
ٸһӽ֣ѩ׵ķ۾ߵͨһƬΪһ·ѿķģ֪һĸķӦһ
СɬεظϿ۵ĶӶպˣǳΡһٸһ˫ѩСֻŵץס˫ԼزĴ⣬û˫ںڵ˫ļӣһ͸ΪΪˣһͷס崿˵ٸͦ'"ͷ򶯡
˱Сཿκ죬ɬѩСֳǿͷ­ü΢壬һƿʱһ˿ĵѸٴԼز"嶥"ȫÿһ缡ʹ˫ѩź۷ᷢ޳Բķȶ˿ýŵһͷϵᲦŸССͷǵĴ̼ҲͲϵײٸķģңԽԽǿңһ˿˿۳һһɣֱ͸ǿҵĴ̼СһƬңĲ֪ϸϸζĴ̼
Сһ˫ѩ׺ϣʮм޲ҶعסһͷɰСҲƾܣֻǽŵıסһͷָ߳һͷУһ־ΰĽŰư͡
ʱһͷѾѸСͦͷʪͷУ͸һСʪСֱӵظܵͷĴ̼ķӦҲԽԽǿҡСཿ绨ϣɫΣɬ֡
ԺѽһƬհףһŽķĳһһĴ̼Сͷϴ̼ԽԽǿңСཥеһֿ飬һ˵ܣҲ֪ʲ۵طܡ
СĺѾе㼱٣СһһϵκĽĲϣü΢壬һ֪ܵĽ̬
ʱһ֪Ҫڣһ˫ȴӸСϷڸСʱĸС಻Ҫ˵ѾƣߣҲ֪᲻ȡж
Ϊһһֻּס崿ٸСһֻ鷿촽Ҳû뿪ٸͷڼò˫ͷ⡪ʱһһֻһ·ŸСཿ񼡣˳Ʒֿٸ·ɫСֻµٸ·Ѿȫϻ䡭
ʱСֻһֱ˿ֺһɫСǿ㣬¶һƬ׽Ө͸ἡѩ
رǽһССǿһƬСмһԲ΢ݵСɰһḧŻСӯӯһյĽ
ɰӨѩ׵ý͸ƽСκĽߵԽԽ죬һжķһָµĻҲԽԽرٸָòһִͿֱӴС
С˫޳ֱԲѩʶأ֪ؽһĦһָС²
һָŲæػ崿ٸ˫޳ֺһĦʮֻСֺȣֱС෼ġ
һƬհ׵ٸʶֻĴָһһָһּߣָӹССȣḧѩ۵ĵķֱ崿˵ٸСĴȸһذ׵ٸСȸһƬ쳣񼡡
СĴȸУһİ£С޳ѩ׵һŽӲرֱֺƵı
һû뵽飬˵ᱻһӦĶһꡪһֲڸСѩ׵ȸϸϸƷžɫǽ˫еʸС
С౻һȸеһİֱ޴룬һƬңᰮĿ󺣳һĻŸСķģȼסеֻ֣Գڲһᡭ
ǣǲдһɬֻʹ޳Ȳεᶶһ֮һСһָٸ񻬵ļСڿء𡭡ȥһһֻȫ˸СڿС
е崿ٸԼԼظоһָԼڿ㡭ԽԽʱСŷ֣ԷһֿԭһƬĲλ·Ѿڴһİܾúܾˡ
ѾõĸоС౻Ǽٵİ̼ۼҪĳǻȫ޹ǵĽ嶼ڴְ̫öŵֱ
ڣһֻȵСڿظסһƬѾõ"ܵ"һƬΪĵطһڸСǿذšòš
һеٸڲļϸָۡĻ񣬽쳣һڸСİڿаţš
һֽ崿ٸ۽ޱȵġѾõİٵ崿ٸСǼʸɺѾõʱСһ崿ٸȴ˺ܾòŵȵһɬá
Сǽ޾׵Ľ޵İĽŶǿҵĴ̼ͬʱһ""Ľ롭
һġġòٸ˻ë崿ٸСһƬ"෼ݵ"˿𡭡ٸëĹ⻬˿ޡ
ţһָ˳յġޱȵỮŷ·׵һ㣬ССһ΢Ľ"һһһһһһһһһһһһһһһһһһһһһ崿ٸһ˫޳ѩԲ͵һСؽֻּУԵİ
ͬʱСһֻѩź͵һֱһһһһѩ׵Ŀɰϣʮ޳ָҲץסֻԼһֻวö֣һŵľ----һֻѩҲ͵زһգһһֻͷ˱õͷ­Уһʶؾνһͷѹŭ_______һѱ׵崿ٸǿҵӦŪֱһ̧ͷֻСǾ۽㺹΢ɬǧߴֵֽذգһֺϲĿ˽̬
һڸСİǿλߵ崿ˡСǱȵһòԽԽȡ̡
һǿӦβĿдʹСһ˫޳ѩ׵ĻԲȵڲһƬ̡ͬжɬֶ""ֻ벻ëѰ̽ܵ֡ϵĥ
СüĿ㡢޾׵ĽһָеĻ겻Ťںڵ㷢ͨ׵ĻζҡΡ
СԺһƬհףǽдһĺɬԶ롭УСཿظоһůܵĵط㼯
ʱĻоһŨֳֻůɬһһڵ񹵻Ϫӿȥ__________"ˡʲ۰࡭̫ˡЩᡭϵġ"崿ٸǽʣһԼ㡭
һ˿ҲţۿԼİŮ˱ǿǿҵҪۼѩ׵Լ½ߵתӭ͡л
һֻڸСʱһѴСϪеָϷǧġ߳ľɫѾܵİҺ
߿˵崿ٸëǵ㡢ߴճİҺԽԽࡪһֻоμнʪƬƬԽԽ
ɫ˸Сȫ񼡱ͽѩܵѩϸڳηڵİҺ󻬣˵ٸиޱȡһˣΪһ֪һ崿ŽߵĴŮСһƬʪ󡭡




186¡ʳ֪ζŮ

СڿѱǳӿİҺʪһƬһûָ˳ʪȵٸʥȵȥ______"___________"һֵСסǿҵĴ̼ȫһΡٸ޳񻬵ѩȽؽסһ֡
ٸĽȻ΢һ֣һֱָָСڡһһʳָסеԽࡪࡢѹһָŸСʪĽתȦỮò"___"һɬĽ䣬ӸСʺ㴽гڶ
סһһǿҵеĴ̼崿ƯŮʿС࿪ʼɬεؽϸ"šš
ٸǰѩһֻڿеĳ鶯֡ε䶯
һлŮõİӸСİҺԽԽ࡭һٸеǾֶճܰҺ
һ֪崿˵ľɫöˡһӸСڿлֵľӨ׵İҺһ֣һɫԵضٸСյһЦŽֵİҺĨڸСѩ׽ϸϣѸСߵý߲֡
еٸС͵һѩ׿ɰСֽ·ľڽץסлָһǽֵ𡭿ǣһ΢ЦţŲæһֻŸСӯӯһյһ·šƽСٸޡһָСǿԵֲ˸СصڿС
һָֿСëһСذ΢͹ޱȵһֲСմһֵɬİҺСǸոȼĵֱһİòʣ޼
ʱһִӸСгͷٸߵ˵"㲻ңҾͰЩĶ¸ǿ"СķһɫΡΡ
һ˵"ңһǿɰͷҲӲͦˡ"СɬӶˣɫ޽߶ְԹ΢һְҶεһһһɫֵı飬ֽ޵ظϽΡ
һȥС·ֻС׵Сɬֵءһɿ·СѩԲһ˫һĨѩ׾Ө¶
һһֻƹС񾱣΢΢̧𣬳ûĦСסѩĿɰ̣ٸߺϽͷܿһҲ˳ư·ӸСһһֻذŸСǹ⻬֬ѩ񱳡⿪ֿۣһ˫ͦߴؽŭʶ
С˫鲢̫󣬶һֶеͦޱһ˫ƻǰͦ
鶥ʺ۽Сɰһ˫ͷ˫ΧһƬӨѩ׵ӳԡ
һ˫Ө罿߿ɰٸͷһԺšߴٻһͷغסһٸͷͷزǱе΢΢Ӳͦ⡭
""Сཿ޵ֻ֣һɬ὿СͷֱͷֱȸղŸһ˱Ҫ̼ˣСͷеģûһɷС鷿Ҫ˵˵ͷסǽС绨ɬͷ˱ö
崿ŮСķӦǿˡһְֻŸС񻬵ļٸԲɡ΢һ˳ٸߺС޶ε΢̧۵ѩɣư͵һԼڿ
ʱ׵Ĵ˸СѱһƬ޴桭㡭ٸǱһѵһ˿ҵ޹ǵ彿غһƬѩ׵Ĵ֮Сһ̧ͷһֻǵľɫٸСѩ׾Өıҫ۵Ĵһ𣬼ֲˣļỬ΢΢һѿĹѩ׵Сƽ¶һϸٸë
Сĳëǵɢһ˵ѩҫۡޱ΢¡͹ٸëԱһƬʥˡ˫졭
С̺Ửɬؽšһ˫ŸСѩ׽޳ȰŲٸ
һ˫΢һոΪֽ߶£еȷֿһֱַֻ𰮸ϸٸڲ࡭
һ֮һһͷͷŸС׵һذŸСྫ壬һ·ỬĻϪ
"šһһһһššСֿʼΡߴؽϸ-ÿһߡڻӦһͷеĻ
һͷصֽСµһͷ˳֡ٸͣתȦ˱
һаĵذŸСࡪĸСҲֻܽεϸػӦһͷÿһò˱
СǾɫ˵̽Ťҡڣ·һֺʵʹܰĿ顭һͷںƮ㷢ҵɢڽ׵Ĵϡ
Сһ˫ѩź۷·֪۷ŲźãڽѩĴвŤٸʮϸ޳ָһ˫ѩСһеǴᶥÿһöΰز׵ĴСӲץ
С˫۵ĻһĪĳ嶯ԽԽĽĲ𡭡ٸӣͷ⽿ɬؼͦšŤڿлһߡ
Ů޹ǵϸŤҪĳšѰһʵλֵؽĵĿ顭
Сһ˫ѩ˳񻬵ȸɬֶֺһ˫аĴ֡˫֯һСǰʮС硭ɰֺһͷеÿһ˱֡ߡҵĻӦԲĴĴָ齻βһͣػཻĦơ
òס崿˵ٸСľɫҺ̡ɫΡһؽϸɬֵػӦһÿһšò
һһһһһֻò˵ĸ߹ŮСǸ˵±ȺǱһþġһ˿ҵѩһлİһҶȵŤ
Сɫ˫κСȻһޡε飬㴽߷͸¶һ泩⡭
˿̣һڸ߹ŮУŬСһͷһǰһزײ߹Ů
һбɷȨֻɷȨռ߽ƥѩ塭ֻɷȨȥ̽һλ崿ľɫ衭ֻɷȥò߹Ů鷢һֽ֣ϲ
һͷһһö߹Ůʱɫ޵Ůһ˫˳ȾȻӦһеÿһ¶ò
ѩ״ɬֶ׼ȷ΢΢СֿСӦһ΢֡УһСѩµĴʪһƬ




187¡ʳ֪ζŮ

һһɾӨסŨֳĻˮС̺졪ʱĸСǿŽ߸߰ĶеģѾȫһеһδաɾٸĸеԼ屻ǿȷֳ룬һһľòºϸϸƷһеǴᶥͰÿһ˿
һȴڿСƶˡ־ʶԼʼ˵ӦҪѾһаİԺԽԽǿҡ
һͷССһͷؽСеĻϪ뻨ꡭһϵòλ崿ľɫˡ
һִǰҺѾˮڡһע⵽ٸԱ޹䡢ĹĽ˫٣ѿʼѪӲͦ-һ͵һſڣסеԽеࡪ١
һͷ̼Ǿ˱ŸСۻӲͦĻ٣_СϸػӦһÿһᶥǴĳһĴ̼һּįС
-Сеʲ""һһںסˡ"һһһһһһһ"һּǿҵĴ̼͵ѸٴǸס""Сסǿҵ飬һ󼱴ٵĽ
Сǽѩһ˿ҵľһƵͬʱһָܵĿеĳطȫǼȵĿͼȵ龭òϢĺײʱһֱ͸Ժ
ٸѩ࣬һ˿ҵĽһصؾΡСһ˫޳񻬵ĻԲҲ͵غ£סеǸ˵ͷһϢľΡ
"šһһһһһһ"һ߻ȵĿ񴭣һůٸĻӿŨֳҺֱӿС
ʱһͷС޳ѩȵľμУůһһ
һ˵˱ɻճ׾ӨŨŨİҺһҲٸֿܵľòգľνƽϢһȥָСе˳ȡ
Сཿֶɬһ㡭һ㡭طֿȡһ̧һ߷ɿ£һ߸СĽǰֻС໹һУ΢΢ڡһ޹ǡһ˿ҵغڴϡ
һԸС˵"ˣ𣿸ղﵽ˸߳𣿡"Сһߵκ죬߲߲
ԼҲ֪ղۻ£һѷɿѵþ⣬ͬ㡢һ˿ҵĸСѹȥϵ崿ٸСϸϸǼȿѹ
أһ̵ֳݺݵѹỬľ塭С಻ɵ"һһһ"һߡ
ٸκ졭һŷǽߡǺ¡ߵǣһ˿ҵĺԼףѹĸеһĪáʵµǣ֪ᷢʲۡ
СߴɫεںڵĴ۾ɬضһҪڣͻȻеԼϸӲضһȹ̵""һһصԼС
""һߵС಻֪ʲ۶ߵһͨ졭ð죬Żعǳһϵһ"ּһ"
Сֺ룬ۻһִӲ"ֶ"ƽʱ˵Ŀװ£ٸһɬ룬һۣԵƾһһԼһ˿ҵ
һĹЩͷסһ޹䡢̺ٸͷһֻֽʵסһֻߴŭ飬һꡢһ滹Ღö嶥ͦӲʵͷ⡭һͷһа˱
Сһ˫Сɰͷһ±ͬʱ"ռ"šһӣٸ׻κһ""һɱûʧֺͿȫۡ
ÿһͷסͷһٻȵһ˱С׶ҾݶʺӣõؽϸӦһÿһаö˱
ϴĴ̼ԽԽǿңСԽԽܵľдĿ顭įĿԽԽǿһθҡ
Сеֵϣʲ۰취ֿܽĸоһ崿ۻ֪Ǹĵطʲ""ʵ
һһֻḧŸСĽϸƬƽѩ׵Сٸ塪һָ˳ŸСʪˬֱٸڡƬʪۻмסԳѪӲͦѿʼ١һᲦḧͣòò˵崿ٸ
С౻һաֹһɶʧаֻỬһ˿ҵѩ׾Ө役ﲻŤҡΡһ˫ԲӯӯҲһҡһڵŲСںաкһɬļ
Сߵͨؽϸ"šһһһһһһһһһһһһһһһһһһš㡭㡭һһš㡭һһһš㡭㣬һÿһøСһɬĽšš㡭һһֳִ"һ"һһöŮ顭ס崿ò˵ĸ߹ŮСȴѩסһδ˷䶯ȥӦǸ˶ÿһ
СʪһƬʱٸһ˫ٺ߳һһԽСɰ̺ͷҲɬȫ𡭡ӲͦˡһɰС̺ķͷؽ߶ҡּ¶󡭡
һӸСгȥָСѩҫۡԲ˳ȡɾ͵һӸСгһ˲䣬ٸȴһ˫Ⱥ£ˡһ˫ȡ
ԭǳõĿʧٸһĪķһУΪֻĿ顭
һо飬΢΢ǲֻƳĴִ߶ˣСС¶һϸںڵٸëС
һߵǰȥᶥѹëһƬ񸷡ССߵκ죬ٸû뵽һһִִ֡֡Ӳ"һ"ȥѵ˵ġֶ"࡭ó󡭡ม
߿ˡ崿ٸɬֺšسšӡͻȻһֵͷٸģ"ҪǡҪǡǸǸ''Ӳ''ܹԼǸĵط͡͡á"С౻Լִֶ󵨵ͷߵͨ졭ɫΡԽΪԼĲ²еɬΪ飬ɰСͨһƬ
ǣȻĻһƬصĵطһĿأС෼һƬԥ֪ò""Լȵ"Ź"
ٸ崿С͵ͨ죬ò⡭ʱһȴͣһǾ޴ĹͷȥСһùͷؼѹСǽв""
С౻ǹ̵"ֶ"ļѹ""÷ٸǸӲִ̻֡ȵ"һ"ϵ""һĻš
ڣСݴءεر΢һ˫ȡֿ˽е޳ȣ"""Ź"ȫֿƽһ˳΢͹ٸ''һѹ˳˸Сཿյ졭
С౻ǻӲ"һ"̵÷ĺһǸ׳"ּһ"ؼ""ٸԣ·𿴵Ѿõɡ
ڸСʪһһͷѵִڣһڰٸʱѾɫ˵Ĵٸ쳣ĽխȻѾԼΣȴͬŮĽխǼƷ




188¡ʳ֪ζŮ

һóȻжóֵ׼һùͷסС٣ؼѹٸŭʵĽ顭Сѩĳ㾫ѹС
ȻһһĥһֱѸСýӡ"һһһٯ㡭һһ
˵Ů鲻߻ϲذӦһ󻶣ң˫ѩ޳񻬵Ȼʱ١ѹ˵壬·""һҲ""¸ǰͦ
Ȼһĥ༷ҲСҡۣؼȴʼûнСཿεزʱ޳ѩ׵һ""ǸԼ˫ȼסԼ"ס"""ͦ
ǣ֪ۻ£þòСʵûֻߺſɰСֶ鲻Խض΢̧޳ȣߴһ󡭡
һֲָ˼䣬ͻȻе˫Ử΢΢ĵһѹԼһЦã̧ͷŸС˫˶ں崿ĽĴ۾
Сһӷߵͨ죬һ۾ӣϽŤһߣ졭ɫΡ΢ա
ͬʱ˫ѩ׵޳ҲϽֽεشһϻ䡭һ΢һ˫Ѹٵסһ˫ѩȣ
Сߵͨ죬ɫεؽͷŤһߣ˫ȹһ󣬽һԼ֮䡭''ʱһһֻСУָٸ죬ҵСڣ΢΢һ۵"ڻ"
ͬʱһǾ޴Ĺͷǰһ"-"һɬõؽ崿˵ٸʺӣ
СĻеԼ""Ѿعסһ"Ȼ"''''ĴĴ֡Ӳҹ̵Ӿ硭˵òٸְֽϲ
һĹͷǰѸպ׽˸СڣһỺƶһߣһ뵽ԼռһλǷǧġ˳ľɫ壬һ˷쳣·߶ֱˡ
һͷڸСߵ˵СˣӦҵĴ󼦰ôҪոտʼеʹŵ㡭£"СͷеԻ󲻽е㽿ߵһһָϽɬغ崿ںڵĴ۾
һ˵"ҽȥˣ"ССߵͨ죬ýĶĴ۾һ˵κ죬˶һŽõ׼Ἣ΢һ㣬漴ߺˡ
һܵ⣬ָ˵"ﻹôеʹ"ʱĸСȫһ˼ڽĿϣԼںεأſԼϵǺˣ·𻹾˲˼ᣬΪһͦԼԣ˵ں崿Ĵ۾߶һɬֵ˵ͷ
һɫӣͷһԳһԼС֪һһǱԼɫòԣǽǻϲ
һò׻عһְֻסСǻ֬ĻԲ磬һֻסСһֻͦŭ꣬Ȼһùͷǲȵ"Ĥ"̴һ""һԹתĽ䡭
СҶü΢壬ʹֵؽţӨһ˿ҵѩ͵һֱ̧һѹڴϡ
һϵ޳Ҳ͵ʹؾţһؼסѹԼһҵϡܵĻعסǸԲִֵĹ̵""
Լ޳Ⱦһ󣬽סһѹԵ֮ϡ
С˫ȣҪͻȻڵǸ""һ_"һһһһƺߣСеڸղŷʹĵطһʹؿ޳崿ٸֺޣԼȻһòյʧȥǣǿ󻶡
ߵһ""Լʥ߹˵УһԼ""һġڸոգԼƺš
Сƴһ˫ĿɰСִһǣʹķ֣ķ޼£Աһѹڿѩ׵ĺϻϡ
һһֻͦŭǸꡭСȻһѹ£һִӲĴ""""ס
УһǴִӲ̵""˼¡һЩһǲڸ߹Ůеľ޴ޱȵ""Ĵִ󡢰Ӳ''''Ľ£Сѵģһ˷ܵضǸ޴""ڸ߹ŮеĲƽ롭
һ߹ŮǽСխۺɰ''Ȼ''ڲ˴󼦰ͣһ𽥵롭ƽ£ԽԽɰ͹Ǵδչŵۻڡ
СǽСɰ''Ȼ''ʵؽסǿ"Ȼ"һоٸ쳣СխǷǳĽխǳ׽롪ڸС쳣Сխãһٸеÿһ''''ǳʵʵؽס
رڣǽխ쳣''''ֽʵعס""ÿһƽ롭ǳѡȴָꡭ̼
һе㵣ģ崿ǧ˳ľɫ˵г˻Ǽ֣ҲһСľѸٶסһйעеͶ
һѹסٸ""ǰƽС롪СԽԽ̵ظܵ''Ȼ''һԼ̽''''ѾԽԽؽǸ''Ȼ''''''СеԼԽԽ࡭ɬֶ޿κεظо޴""Լں޹˼ɵĴߡš
ǣСྪط֣''''Ѳʹˣ෴һ൱ĵĳʵĸоԽԽֽ
С£ߵԼһĽ˵巴ӦµְСһŴ覵ķĲϵظԼǹǣһĽóʵ֡
ٸֵĲλѱһĽͳʵšֽͳʵĸоǲݵġң̼Ŀв˼άƵѸٴȫرһ''''''''ÿһ֡''''ǿĲλΧЩɦĵط""""ֲϵײûȫѵķģ˼άֿʼңܼעһ⣬˼άֻ''''еÿһ롭ƽ̼û𡭡ķ롭¡
֪ʲʱ򣬸С෢Լ˼άֲܿԼˡɬطķֻȫעعעǸ"Ȼ"Ĵִ󡭰Ӳȡ̡
Сѩ׵ľɫַһĨߺĽΡֻк崿ںڵĶ뼯˼άʵĸоĿǣһǴִ󡭰Ӳ''''ڸСԽԽ롭ϳʵĿ顭
һֳִ''''һ㡭һ㡭شӸСǽСɰĽխ''Ȼ''ûһһһһһһڣһһ""˸Сǵһ˶ޱȵľ޴н߰룬ǱСǽСխ''''ȫ''''˽ȥ
ٸ̺񻬡СɰĻ''''סǸ޴""ĸһǽ߰ľ޴ȫСպõסٸǽۻֵߵĻо
һе㲻ţԼһܱһλӯӯɫ˵еȫ롭
''''ĸоһԼһǸֳִÿһֶٸ''ڻ''ʵʵؽ''''ס
һܸеٸ''''Լ""ľ޴ļȵѹٸСխ쳣ȻзڵİҺ󻬣ǣһˡ崿ľɫһְֵĸо᲻ٳΪ˵Ŀ֮




189¡ʳ֪ζŮ

һ룬һҪ׵رԼ''''һ""ȫ""Сİʱд̼˼άֲˣһǴִ󡭡Ӳ''''''''ÿһĵط͵سʵš֪ʲʱ򣬸СַԼĿС
ֻסһֻԲŭѩꡭֵÿһòСɰķԽԽ죬ҲԽԽߡ
ǽɬӲͦ''''ߴһͦšһ''''ڸСխϢһֳʵ"⹿"ĿСһλɫľֿʼһʼӸСгˡ
ߺϵĸСֳֵʵĸоͻȻ''''ڵ˳һޱȵĿ""˳ۿ
ò˵ĸС༱жߵĴ۾һ˫ں崿ζֲһͬʱһ˫ѩ鲻Խһץһֻֿ֣ۡһ˫ѩĿɰС־ΰץһ֡
Сһ˫޳˻Ҳؼסһֵذһ''''½ڡһȻûдȫǽͷڣøСǽСɰ''Ȼ''ȻסһĹͷ
Ƭ֮һڲȥֱֳִľ޴ȫֽسʵŸСһ޴ĹͷزС''''ӵ''о''һνȵһθ졢
һ''''Ħĸоȵһθ̼꣬ϣֱ''''ȫزСֽĦСһ롭С࿪ʼ䡭һһһһһһһһһһһڸСȷʵ̫СխһеʱܳڸС''''סһ޴ߣʱǿҵĴ̼ʹһϸԼǧҪ崿ˡǧ˳ľɫʧ
һϵؿʼڸСཿСխ''''г鶯һᡭƽȵسȻһزСֽխĽСһɫס崿˵ĽٸС""нʹš崿˵ٸСǽСխһ࣬һʵ͡СһŽӵķȫעһǸ˶''Ȼ''ֽխеĲС_Сɫ崿ĽɫΡ߳
Ů鲻Խ޵ת䡭"šһһ------------һһһһһšһһһһһһһһ
Сһ߾㡭һ˿ҵѩȵزš䶯šֳߵػӦһǾ޴ޱȵĴֳӲ""ǽխ֡С쳣''''н
ٸ񻬡޳ѩ׵ȸڲ֪ĵ''''С''''''''խһǸ''Ȼ''Сɰ''''ʱСǱɬؽѩ׵˻ȴķֿ
һǸ˶ޱȵİӲ''''ǽխֵڳʱ˳崿˵ٸغεؽ޳ѩ׵Ⱥ߽С
СһнĦ''''ĳʵ͡Ŀ⣬ÿһ"Ȼ"ȫӡּʱ΢̧ѩɣһǹ̵ľ޴''''Ƕ۵''о''ÿһ''о''һ''''̵ȫ泩顭
һǸֳִľ޴ǿȫ˸СͬʱһֿСΪһ׳۾߶ҵؿʼԼĳͽʪһСһֳ콿ߡı顭
һҲһġߡȻ䡭һ˫ָŸСǰ㴿覵ĽϲٸӸСխ""г
һһαһضȥһһαһصز¡СߺСϣϣСǽϸӣתػӦһÿһ롭ᶥ
õһضŤһʱǲֱͦ񾱽ֱ𡭡һгʱǽ߲Ť塪һһϡԽԽǿҵĴ̼£С򼫶ȵĿܶʱƵؾΡĽԽԽ١ɰСҲһκ졭һ԰ס
һһش¡ѩС־Ƶץסһ֣һҲ˳ץסĽ׿ɰСֻ֣һȵز෭ơ
лŮص𽵹һлŮõƲꡭɽꡭһ˫Ůɫޱߵغ彻衭
һϵĳ£СİҺԴԴӿ''ľ''һҲĳ塭''''̿һ̡һɽꡭ֮һ𽥱úݳ顭ʹˡ
һҵײŸС衪һϵڸСཿСխ''''д롢ѸСһŽķһ˱һ˸ߵС
һʼĳ̡Сѱһеĺݳ顢Ͳ·һ''Ȼ''ԽԽ󡭡ԽԽ̡
һαһظӳʵСխееԲˣԼǽСխ''Ż''Ҫһ޴''''ˡ
ǸȻæµĽҲӼȴ̼ĿܡСһͷƵ㷢ĻȵĻζطš
ʱСǿ޹䡢ޱȵڱһϵҲʱһغҵײȵĳѪӲͦ
£СסһķĽ롭ߵͣһĽ롭ԽԽ졭
һǸ''Ȼ''ڸСнһԽԽݡһ̵ԽԽסһ·ҪغͬһСһ
һ''''£崿˵ٸת䡪"һһһһһһһšᡪᡭ㡪ᡪᡭһ㡭һһһһһһ㡭һһᡭһ㡪һһһһһһһһһ㡭һ̫̫֡һһš
Сຬתɫ崿˵ٸҲ뼫ȿܵĴ̼Сһ׺ݵײŸС׵һڸСĽխ''''ҵش롭һǾ޴ԽԽ֡ԽԽ󡭡һڸСдԽԽһԽԽݵشԽؽСڡ
СʥдδŹ''''۽ĵĻĽΪһһ㡭һءɬ""һᡭһ㡭һһһһšһ롢롭㡭һ᣺һһһ
С鲻Խĵؽ䡪崿˵ľɫ-ڣһضСеĹͷ˸Сɬֵ''''ӹ
ٸܡҲ˷ֵһ㽿ܡٸ"о"СǼȵĿд̼£һ˫ѩ۽ֵزסһ˫ѩ۷ۺĿɰСҲ͵ץһϼ
Сѩ׵һ˿ҵ͵Ϲһֵؽֱߺ͵ͨĽ𡭡·뾡ʲۡĿ˵ٸ޳ѩ͵ؽһ󣬽һסһ''''ǽְĿɰ߳''о''




190¡ʳ֪ζŮ

Сסһǹ̵''ͷ''''''ֵĹǿҡĿд̼ȫ̲סһԵļȾΡ""С类һþѩ׵͵һͦ˫͵һǽԾӨһ˿ҵͻȻ˽һУֽεذѿɰͨСһǰ
һԽСɰҲסһšһȹ̵ľΡ鴤ѩź۸չһ󣬽һסӸСǻİ""''''͵һһŨŨĹ̵ճҺٸڽУ԰߳ıһҲٸļȿܵķӦǵ˷񡭡
һùͷȥݺһСǽ۵''''""һĽ䡪ȾеĸС÷ƺֹͣȳѪܵ''''˱һһֻСѩסӨҫ۵ľһԵĳ鴤ٸͨĿɰСһƬ԰סֻü΢塭ҧһʹࡢƽߡεı顣
һĹͷոһǼȾе''о''ͻȻָСȫһĳ鴤ǱͽСխ쳣''''ؽסһľ޴ޱȵһԵȡ
һеһͷ''''һ㡢ȻһеСӹһĺ촽һסһĹͷһաһԵޱȵĿ˱
Ѿϵһһ󼤶һɹ̵ŨŨ񱩵С˫§סһ壬⻬ڵϣ˿в԰׵һСһֶŨ̵ֻʥӹ''о''ǽỬ''''ϡ
""㡢㡭ʲۡšҡ桭ˡšá̡Сཿ߽ֻΪ֮һ㶼е࡭
ֻ԰׵ľɫĻϣ·עʲۺɫҺ壬κƬƬɫεĺӣһסǧġ˳崿˵ٸѩ壬þȫݺݵؽСѹ׵Ĵþ޴һȫ쳣Сխ''''
ǹͷضסٸĹ''о''ȵ˶ͷסСӹڣ·ҪŨǵȫӹһǾ޴ޱȵڸ߹Ůнʥ߹ޱȵ''''
Сһ½߳лͦ͡ӭϵ½߳лϡӭ͡߹Ůһ𽥵ķ۷塭
ʱһ§סСѩ񻬡ޱȵľһᶶ󡭡̱Сһ˿ҵľӨѩԵỬһѹݽ׵ĺϻС
Ǿ񻬡ѩ׵Ҳѽǵĸ߳ȫһСɰĽ޵ߺС̱һļϡ
һﲢûΪ侫СӲִسŸСǽС""һĹͷļҲᶥٸ''''һƬĪ⡢ʥİԨšˡˡ
ĵ̾ϢС崿ļֻؽ䡪顢ҲҪҪ¶ڱһ''''ˡСɬ֡ؽһˬ컶ĸ߳ನ崿ںڵ롭һƬհס
ֻһԾ㡭һ˿ҵŮһƸꡭлŮ֮󶼽ֹ̱ͣһж˫˫ﵽ˴ɫޱߵĸ߳
һסǧĵ崿ɫıһٴμˡһǿռߡ崿塭
һƬУݵƽ֮һڸСһ˿ҡѩ׵ĳ̱һʧľ޴￪ʼС
Сио''''ڵƽ˳""ٸһεɬĽ̾һ֮ѹ
ߴЦСɬ΢Ŀһͼǰһŵֵٸġһ׹ѡҲ
һ뵽Լ覵Ӵ⵽ﶼѾһ''''ռУԼĵط''''롢С಻ʹһܵ⣬ࡢǧĵľɫﱻԼռ˫ѩ壬˫ľɫ˻ȫһִӲ߳ˡ
һٸ˵"С治ţ"Сɰһߵͨ죬գ׸æŤһȥͬʱѩ׷۵Сȥƿˣѩ׵޳Ҳһҵš
ǣһǿ׳΢ġСཿĿᣬһ֦滨
һ˵"Сղ㻹һֺˡ"""һС̲ס˳ʵݺݺ"ء㡭ء㡢㡭̫̫ˡءء㡭ңءҡˡءء"һϽͷȰȥǿɰľɫ̡
Сڱһѹţ棬㲻棬󣬵޶ûʱһڻȵǷĻ̡СֻգĬĬᣬһȥǡǣǱһǵ糺졭ɫΡ
һļһɳϳ̣ƺʲôͻȻһ죬һ˳˲Ǳˣ־յ꣬ԴԼһļ־շԺĵӱôʱʱĻᵽһļ־ΪҪͨһԶ鵹һֻ۱һֻֻۣҪԼܵϸ򳤣ŮԼ˵׾ٵģټ϶һ־Ѿû˼飬ڵ־յֻһߣһʵԼٷƵĹߡ
ʲôأһ˵һͷȴԡվſڣһǰȥὫ뻳С
ϵƢɫĲ˷ʪĴͷˮΡԡ۵ڴһ鹵ֳӰļѩԸгķģԡ³ĳ硣
ԲĳһĪһһͬȼ֮һѹ촽סĽ˫ס֫СһɲĦţһŮһŤһܿͲˣǰĶһС
һֻԣڣ۵ļϴ裬ȴɢһеǿҵСؿڣһָѹƨɷһĶһָ̽ʱԸеӿȶȺͼʵ
ļڼнһָճҺӷ϶˳ıз˫Ҳһߣһѵ£ָɵһͷ
һֻȲҲָһһϵȻһǣڵ˶浯˳
쳤˴Һͷʼ˱һĹͷɵͷŪһ߿һȫ񾭣һӲķͣ˷ܵһһòסͷ룬һһ治Ϊḻޡ
ɵͷ촽ѹȸУһĿѸȵԳѰٶڰ״ۻͷͣĽʲž˫ֲͣİһĴдһҺ͸ţָһĸɹǡôĵ㰴ţһĿвͣ
ŶŶһеֱԸСͬסǰˣѾסĺͷƺøͷűҺһҺ˵ҷٶȽһ˽ȥ




191¡ɷǰһ

ŮһĿʵûеֿһֱסͷʼذڶ֫ԿǻԻøĿС
ڣڻĿеٽ㣬һصĴϢһʹﶥͬʱͷﰴľҺڵһĿǻʳ췢ֻܴӱ﷢˳аɫ˿״ճҺ
һеǰδеʹɣһûƣͣһԸеһһɿͷ꽫еľҺȫȥ
ƺҲû㣬´˿֮ٶȺסһδƣȻؼҵضţĿǻֱһΣƺļ˱š
һолԶûľܿһŪָֻ֮һסеϣ˫ȴķֿţԡǳ塣ѾʪһͿ챩¶ڿУճҺɢһɧζ
ǿ˵ζһԡѵȻԼҲѵһ˿ϴȼ䣬ӲͦĹͷƬϣ᲻صĴ궯ȻƬŵļ״ȻԽԽ󣬹ͷȫ˽ȥ
ĴУ겻˸ˮƺһ¶һٶȽͷǳǳţʮżʵŤѨ䶯ƺйǯסͷ
һŮ˳ǰ鶯ǿһ˽ȥŶɢ㷢ǵͷɲǼŤţ̾һ
ȵȫڣʪĤܵذΧֵǿ׳֭˳һҰްһʰʹس嶥ţһİ޵ĳ壬һӿˡ
һĲһ࣬˫ִҸ§ļͱ鷿Բķѳʺɫһ֪ԾḻŮ޲ӵе
ŶŶðšˡ꼢ʵţΪ˷ܶҡΣʵĹ⻬̵һϣڵļսɼѹһһĳ嶯ζһѹס壬ʹȫÿһζͷ
Ѿ͵޵ʾ˵һĳ鶥ļʱʱͺӹƵġۣʹΣƵŤͺڱһƺϢеѡ
ʱһסļ򣬽ͷŪһԣײ֮䡣һԣûһеǻԲβһȻָоǰֻһֱܵϤУܾʵڲһˮģʾгŮǶôůִûй΢ĴС
Ҳǰסӵ㷢ɢһŮûеζָ߼ˮ͸š۶ɵζ
ĸоʵ̫ˣھͺĳĪһϵ롣һֻͣ˲ͣĽǷխѨͣĦǲĤޣȵճҺ⡣
һһµëͷСһ̰³켢ʵķ塣Ťһȫÿһϸֻûϲ͹ҪԾһʼذڶӦ˵ʱѿҪȼߵˡ
˫Ѿֿһܹ嵽ֻһֻȻһƨϡһĽͦ壬ӭһַһֻץһƨĴһֹֻһĲӣڲϵɼ֮⣬ȫҲĺһһĥʲзĿ
ŶŶˡҪˡŶˡѹ嶥һһֱӣƨվ»๴һ˫ֹһĲӣƾһӵһ϶˲һϡ
һеһʱҰһضһ˵ʲôһĴȣʼµĵ߶塣һľ²壬˫Ȳһˣߡ˫ְһļֱһͷһظУ˽С
һôվŴ϶ѨˮһĽϲ˳ƤĻ˷
һشϢţǻԲ˫²˾ԣƾҪһܵˡһĿУֿʼھۼһȫ
һְ˴ϣſڴϣӺͶѾȫʪˣһ˦ȥžžĴ죬Ľˮǡ
ŶˣˡһȿڼϣѹһСȣƨһһµңѾȫ¶˳һմճҺĴֱֱµĽѨʺⱻ÷˳մճĭ
Ȼ§סһı߿šȻȫʼнľΣļһյȻʼľζţ֭ӿ˳
һ侫ǰݺݵؽѨľͷסӹˡŨȵľҺȥǿҵĿʹһȵ龡ͷţͣİڶ󣬺ƾùؽͷıҲš
߳Ͻɢȥ֮ƣʡһڴϣһֻСèһſһؿڣͷһͷ
һһĺÿģҪһӺһģһҺð㡭Ҳ㣬İɣ˶ãҾͻ־飬ǸʱҵŮˣԺ޹˼ɵĺһˡ˵־գһеĻһȻ־۸ʱ껹־յţǸʱѾΪԼŮˣԣһ־յԺ󣬾һֱ־Ҫ־ա
ôһĲҪãҾͿԺ־ô۾ΡǵģһģҲҪ㣬һҪǵ⵹Ǵʵ
̫ˣһҺÿ֣ңҪȥ衣Ȼʮֵļһ֮£Ҫ
ãȥȥֻҪˣҾ㣬˵ȥһңȥƽϵһң˵õġƺˣһһӦԺϾ˵˵ص
Ҫһ䣬˽ȥƺܸߣһһһһףơ¶ǣ˵ųţͻȻץһ֣һͬʱһ£ȹ֮С
⻬ϸܵ˿ഥд̼һһŵֳҿﻹûзǿһֲһ뿪һֵһë׵ʪ֮ôȼסͣĦѹ
ûڿ㡭ѵԼԼﳪ裬Ϊ˺Լ£ȻΪʲô˵ѵԼոջûƺ츾ôһš
Ĵ̼ʵһѪţֹ¡һָоճʪСһĶ߼ʵĴϢţһĶһĿֱץסһӲͦĻ
ϲڹڳŪ벻ϢһĶСأͬʱŤƨɣƺҪһָõĴ̼е㣬һܸеȺǾ˵һейȼգӲļֱҪըˡߣţָǡôĴ̼Źͷ
ɡһϲָоģģҶЩܲ˵ġһ֣һɼø˺档
ĵƹЩһ֮ɫһӣ˷ܵȲĴһѽһסˣڵƹĺڰһȻûпһŵָƵ֮¶˷ܺͱ˫ɫ
ȵȡҪʲôһһŮ˵ĵҲ̫˰ɣǰ䣬ҪԼϵɣ㲻ϲôɫ˷ܵĳ죬ĿȫϸԾĶš




192¡ɷǰ

ƽһ޶ׯڵȴѰ֮ǵȲĵȴһİһѾԼ£ȹҲõϣز¸¶ˡ
ļɫԸе˿࣬ͷ߸ƤѥһжŶׯԸСţΪ֮ޣͬʱзḻԾŮȻְưչʾԼı̬ٶֹڵĳϣֻһţʱ˽¸£һеľһȼյ
ǰƺҲǷյַŮˣز¸˵ر¶ţʾ̲ص̰ȼţǲʵͷ˵ӲͦԼĻʪҲ˵Ƕôڴһİ
һͻȻҲӿһɳ嶯йⲻմһźǰŮ磬һΪʲôҪ
һҪݺݵһҪ֪һһǰ¿ӵæѸٵŵǱߡ
ȫӲͦһɲǣĺͷ΢΢죬ƺʲôζĶʹŮɥʧԵԪ׵Ǹ˵ζӢͦ͵ֱšһ˫ֱľӣһһĴȣһߴԼգ۾
ŶúýǸڣȥĦյ۾ػȥںǻʲôıһĦ˵꼸ɥǿҵķӦ
üͷ΢һ𽥼أԼĿҵرӿһ̲סʼŤϻͷıϡ
꼤սѾȲĽסҪѿڶ΢ǰˣǻȻӲֱŮ˵ĿǻĦ֮ʣʹһڵȼߵ㡣
ĿڼɺɺƺһĿҪСһЩı鼫סһĹͷͷͣĹζͷӴʱϵϸľİҺУͷݵŪ
ĿǻڳҺճ֭۾涼ˮҵȫҵڿǻŤš
ȥԼԿƵ˵ġ뵽㣬һǿнĿг˳һοһߺһӣ૵ɳĮзָȪģ뵽ͷһ¸š
ͻȻ˽Ųƺ˽ˣһϽֹסĶͬʱϸվºȹãɫںƺں˷֣۾Ȼ᲻뿪һĿɡҪһߴ٣Ҫסţںʱ˷
ŲӰſ߹Χعžһ꣬ƹһѽصҧ촽ִһϣڴı۾һֿٵճճʪʪģȻŮ˵Ѿȫˡ
ŶȻ˼Ķרע˱һ촽һ໬Ŀڣͷཻţһе¶Ƚڽ
һŽĶߣŶ˱มมһ֣µڵأΪƺЩ
ŶСҰɡҪľҺҵӹһͷĸޡ
һרעҧһ߶䡣ͬʱ̽زڲ࣬šŶŶ޷סԼһϡ
มͷ죬סһĴǿǻԺСȫĻ档̰˱һ촽죬ѵ˻Ȼһľ硣˵ཻճţ֪һǽϡ
һ¾ҸµĲλƺߵ͵ͷ漴ӳۣһס鷿¶ˣŷۺɫͷ鷿
Ŷ۾ؿڿܲѣʮΪݵĽɲáƺͬЧԼŲ죬γһִ̼УʹϷӿܡ
ƫͷҧԼйһھ鷿ͣ꣬ͷţһƺֱŰĿСֿ㴮ȫ磬ͷһֱֺס
һֽװȹץϡһ£ϸ۲죬΢ʵƹ⣬һëôľôŨܣҲ൱ķʺɫ൱ˡ
˵ǵϲҵˡһѹȥơ֭Һͬ۰ӿ
һ֪һǰǷйľ飬ȻѾкԽ飬ھưеİ˱Ů˵ű̬Ŀиǿˡ
Ŷ꿪ʼصĴϢֻҪһѾһ״̬
һͷ̽ڲˣĴϢͷʪŤţС΢ţǿ׸΢΢ϣͻе˵İ
ѾģһҲվһţĴ࣬ȵڲϥĦšȡվŵ̬ĽǶȣͷĶѨʪڴ
ŶܿܵϢ԰ĲУֻסһĲӣһ̧˿ȹסһ
һݺݵض˽ȥͷſĤ⣬ȫû롣ճ֭˳ͷǰӹͬʱȫܼҪߵˡ
ֺʪءɧǷ˸㡭һϢſ꣬ĻֲһĲӣȻǺϲִ̼ڳ棬ǵַɢɡ
һʼڶǻİ½һ鶯Ĺɼ䵽֫裬ȫڿеĹУѵԵ״̬
ʵҲ൱УһֻҪ΢Ťһ£ȵĹͷǰֻ΢Ħһӹͻ᲻ضһ£ϵıͺڵļݷҪڻƵġ
˫Ѿ쵽һϣں湴һ𣬰źɫ˿˫ϻŸ߸ͷƤѥļͺɫĵ˿γǿҷһֹܵɫʴ̼¶ǵƣʹǼŮҲһ˫ֶĴȣڸǽϣƴﶥ
§һѹһʱֻءһǿ׳ĶϵŮ˽һ𣬲ӹʹֻһһ롣
ͬʱһҲһİڶڶɵĿ죬ԽԽңҲԽԽԣѾ޷ʹԼȫѹŲһñѱݵ㡣
л̰һֻǰ벻֭ȪˮԴԴϵйƺŮߣԽԽͲסʶŤһҲӦİڶ漴鶯Լ
ŶŶһĴôѹԼ̾һ¶ƨ£ӲֱĽʹ֭Һൽ֨֨죬˶졣
һ˵ıˮܣȻذڶżŤŶҰ㡭ϹƺʶĴϢҲ֪ڽ˭һٶѹĴŮֻһһظܵԼؿҲѸٵӦһ
תӺһʮֵıֱ˫ȣ˫ˮϡճʪһƬһǰһβ⣬꣬겻ԾزƺÿһëĻ֮Уܶ޷԰ˡ




193¡ɷǰ

һŮǳƨĦصƶšŶŶ⣬ҧţʹԼ졣ͷļ˲ǶȲͬƺʹŮȼһƮƮȻĸо
ȫزȥŮ˵ڳ˻ϲڴǻڵһ̹ס˾һԺоĻţӵزƤ㸧ŪţҵĻζſ貿ײǰƨɡ
ϰһζšԾҵƵʲѨմ֭Һ⡣Ů˺ͷźţԼһӵļͽһεʹŮڵȫȼĴȲϵضš
һŮ˵ز̰ĿߣһֱߡŤͷһֱ´档ڻζҵʱͷƴȫʼΡɳϣſ棻һҲӽڵϣֻ§ӣƴĵֽҵĻζšͷͣĦӹĿʵܡ
һڵֵʱ˳ľҺӹһеεöţ֭ӿһľҺˮ齻ڡ
һſϴϢţȻžҺˮڣҲֻŴϢһѹɳϡղŵĸ߳ƺ̫ˣܶ
ЪһһгſһĻУְһƣЦ˵ðһΡƽʱһ㡣˵ſŵֱһ£ӲôҶ֪ôҵӹеۡһ΢΢һЦֵطһҲоһ־޴Ĵ̼ϢһԺһһεĶ츾
־սϺܸˣΪһӴǾȻָԼζţԼǵеλøˣڳԹԺ־հԼļƻ˴·ϵľưɣͿ־գͻȻ俴һϤŮ˹һ֮£־պͿ˸һ˵
ߵýˣ־տøӵˣǸŮԼֻ꣬ܵǸ˵ĸ첲Ӿ˻ûܵʱԼһʱһӶϣ͵زѹ˵ĸ첲ϡϴŽĵЦݣͷ˵ļϣСһ˵§ڴвλ
־ϸǸ˵ȴΪһİññѹúܵ͵סѾҪˣ̬Ѿ˵ݡһ־ѿڶ
־յҺģݲԾҧÿֱ졣Ȼ֪ԼźһһˣһĽۿԼźͱһ˾ưɵİ䣬־յĴ̼ɲһĴ󣬴Ϣڣװûµһ־һһ߽Ǹ䡣
־յĽŲŵúᣬȵ˵ط֮ϸһ˿ѹֵŮ˴Ϣ־յĶУ־ոо־ȫѪҺ͵־յϡ
ϸȷʵ귢ģ൱أƺܼʵӡͬʱ·ĦĸOƺھҵŤһҲ൱ĺƺںʲôǱ﷢ĴϢʮͬʱ֪˵Ķеݱ
־߬ȭͷоȫ̲סڷ־˾˼һȫʯˡ־ղ֪ڸô죬־ն㲻־Ϊʲôûгȥ˺Ƭ
־տʼѰҿԿȥĵط־Ҳ֪־ôġԼھںͱ͵Խ־ȴ뷽跨͵ǡ
֪ǲɺϣŰ忿һСףǰ˿ĵط˿Ѿûˣ־տ˿ƺûˣȥ۾׼ǸСףǶ൱ʱһţ־յؿķƣ۽ǵļƲס
걻§ţǰ뿪¶汥鷿Ͱ⿪Ը˿֣źɫ˿˫˵ı˵ϡ
˵˫ֶԲĳƨɣܵؽһ𣬽ǰﺬͷôվнʶԼ壬˵ĶҡڣŤ֫ӭ˵ַ
־յƺ˵һըһֻ꼤ҵŤţƺǳ˷ܡ˵ƴԸкɫ˿Ĵȣ洫Ľˮ൱ƺķǳͷɢ˦ѹֵ쳣˷̼־յĹܡ
ǻطɣڴϢе˵ǶԲֹͣǵȥúô̼̼ҪӾͺãһҲԸ롣꽿ţźԼƲˣгɾͲˡ
־ϵĽֱģŮʵ̫Ҫˡ˵ĿǱȺ־ڴʱҪܣֱ֮Ρ
̼̼ѵȥֻŶһߣӦҲǰõģ־š
־ղ֪ôˣ־մʱӦóȥ˺ˣ־ûУʱЩ̬¡һȥһҾҪ㣡ɡ̫ܰɣЩԥĻû˵꣬һֿʼزĶ䡣ҽ巴תβһĳܲϺƳƵơ
ءҧסȥ޷ٿȥƺ֪ΥһԸֻƵķ˵ֿ
ҡ߰ɡ㡭С˵ţؽƿһ죬һҲʼƶ
ÿһС˵ĲҪϣ̲ס鴤ǽܲڵǰӹĦӾңұСܻʹ
ŵѾȫ棬ʱһˡ־յþˣæһĽ䡣滹ûֹͣһӺ涥꣬˫ֶߡ
ж㣬ƺʶҲģ塣ʹԺ˷ܵĻ𻨸ӵرѿ
Ǵʱп˻ĻǲҼˣ޺ھư﹫ȻԽһȥɾ군ˡΨһľǸϽȥ߸Ͽһ侫ȻȻӾ˶Ϊֽںһ֮Ħˡ
ŶѾȫʪĹɼĦʹ걻̼ü޷飬˲д֫ɢͷסȵĴϢһ˱ĶߵĵŮֱ־յбͷȥȥסһĴ
มม겻Ծʱᱻ˷ֵ£沿ȴֳһϲúȻУʹһҲ뿪һӵƺʱѾں᲻ᱻײˡ
һĴƬ̵뿪漴ֿʼŤĦӹޡŶͺŤ˵ĴٶȽһŮҲͲסˡȫÿһ缡ƺڹܴ̼֮УХĺԼԦ𣬼
㡭ͷı鰧һһҲȫţŮ˵βʼŤܵذȵĻУͷǱһĿڣ䷢졣
˴ӣһһαŮߵűߣŰ˵ޡ£㹻šˣ첲̧˵ĸ߶ȥŤŰ֡
ǡǾɣŤһܵıҵײ־տöҪѪˣؿںлա˵԰ҵʱͻȻȵһߴ˵
һʱ嶼Ӳˡһƺߺ˭ֻͨˡһ§ִ꣬Աš˵βһǵӽһ䡣Ľ֡
־ո˵ŵ߽䡣ڿ˽һĸԺ־Ҳһ䣬һϴּţһԾɱβıϡĿŮ˵ӣļ磬
һˣҲ֣ǶֻİȻͽߣһӲͦ壬ȵˮ£еظܵеĴ̼ôŵ£־Լ鶼е̬Ŀܡ




194¡ɷǰ

ļһһߴֻһĿתȦⲽ֪⻹⣬ߵڵǰͣˡһƺһŤֹˣֻܼѹԼְǽڣĸزӿĲΣ˿߸߷ֿһĴϣӴȵĸڳˮʴ
һڽûָ꣬ɴϣһʱ˵ꡣٴεꡣͬʱһ΢ֹͣŤǿŲҷµһȻֿʼŤ
겻ɵϸϸسӿƺ֫˷ܵüҪˡһʲôʱСƺĶ
ҡͷһĴĴ޷κεһһļһһˣϽ첽˳ȥ
һһŤһ¶β̾һƺղѹֵĿȫͷ˳Ťһĥţ־Լ˵Ĺɼ䴦˵Ħˮ
ղǲǺܴ̼ղеúýǲҪ䵽ӹᡭҪɡ־յֻоһǿҵĿڷʱ˵ȫɥʧԣһĲҲһŤڶ
Ҳб˽ĿѾʹҲ಻סˡһʼŤšͬʱˮͷˮͣšϽӿ֭Ů˵ȫĿԨС
ޡŶŶ˶ﵽ߳ɲǼ䣬겻ɵ÷гѹֲסһͬʱϥûվվ
־յʵñīݣ춴ﵽ˼㡪ףԼѾŮˣǵۿһһʱΪʲôֻһͬҪըһĸоء
ڵ龹Ȼû꣬һǸƺûήҵļɰӲֱšڱϣؿһöۡ
㴦ðɡҵȫСġһϴżȵˬ㡣һȥһΪһһ仰ʹѴ߳壬ٶȵرȼ־֪ȻǿҵԽ˶ܴﵽ߳Ȼһλ
óմʪ֭˾ֱͦ׳ľAƬԱĳŮ˵˵ǵĶ㱦󣬶Ǳ˵ģԼĶ
һĪȻĸ߰͸жȥֻĸ촽ءءȫȻԼĿǻڡ
һָ˸ղŵӲȣϸ֦ɣƺƷŸеζ򦵽ͷϵĦţƺûҲȥˡ
Ҽ͵ζòãǲûҵļͲܻˣһתȥѾ˵ĶȹõϸߣһѾסԲ۵βӡ
ƨ˭ģƻƺЩߣԿز˵˵˵ɣҪȻԺ밲Ȼꡣ
عͷһģ˰ɡĶһ˵ţһҧŴŷһָűЩ⡣
ܿͺˣֻҪ֤ݣ֤ƨҵģһĻȥһӱβ˳βĹɼ们䣬ͣǰ档ùͷǰŸŴİ
ǸɵϹҲûɡ𡭡ҪСֹţͼŤ壬Ǳһαסû¶һһ˵ţͻȻذһᡣ
ûйĳ󶶶һ¡ſڵĴŮһز˽ȥȫغĸŽһһʧĶߣૡڣƨɲҵˡȷʵܷڳһʱ俴ɷС˲輸ϵıʼǱ֪ɷϻȥƽֵǸưԺ꼸һ˲䣬;ҪһȥǼҾưɡ
ҪҪ־֪ԼһûҪŮˣҪ־֪Լͱһ𣬲ԸţһԸӵļ䣬һ߽˾ưɵʱǵһ۾ͿԼɷԼɷҲԼҲܸоõ־Լ󣬺־ô꣬Ӧеġ
Լɷ棬һŪ־޴Ĵ̼һ࣬Ҳͬһһģһǰôһϲľٶһֱڶڹû뵽ԼȻ־յ棬Ÿˡ
һرĺãΪϣһų¸дԺɢȦ¸ǺԼҲ˵ЦǰĿ˵Ӽֱˣһ˵ǣų¸ǳȥʱȻһԼļȥԼһ˼ļ⣬һֶһκܺദĻˡ
򳤵ļһҲΪڼԭ򣬽ܺһۺںܵСĵ£һ˫װ۵ֱۼ˫һְװ׻λεز¶棬Եøҫ۶ĿǷۺĵȽֺ̣ܶǱģ͸Ǳĵܺظ͹Ĺĵһ˫鷿ظͦزǰ͹
ǷۺĵϿڽϵͣոסزϸȥؿԵ鹵ʹŵĺɫҲҪ֮ӡ
ƶǰ΢΢ʱһ˫鷿ͣɿǲ¶İװ鷿ǷۺĵոյŸ߸ЬŤ˵߶ʱʱ¶ѩ׵ĶƤͶۡ
ĵذ壬ʾ޹ǵһ͵òٵ͵İɫţп㣬ǽֻβϣذǱýԲԼ޳ȡҲ˾ǿʱҪƵġ
"ôˣ¸˷ѽ"ܺĻΪһԼˣԴԼ֮Ȼм֡
"㲻ôԲѽ"һعͷܺ츾һ˵ܺ츾͹ĹĵظһھţرǼɼ鹵Ͱ¶ѩ˫飬һ٣æֻعͷȥҿˣĳƽϢˡ
һӶ֪οһĬĬ˺һᶼû˰죬ܺ츾̽ʣ"㣬ҵģ㲻ϰô
ܺƺԼģһסЦԼĿĸܺģܺûİһһۣһһˮһԺ󣬱ڼѰ˵ļˡ
ܺڷȥ죬͵һرܺľǻ԰ƨɶɳߣļʱľһֿʼзӳ
ʱܺǱģǣͶܺĵƨɿ룺ƨôôôԲ뵽⣬ЩãȻؿʼܺûӡƨɵ
ڻеһͻȻ䷢һӷǰܺģ΢΢ǰʱʹŻ󿪣ǺɫڵĽѩֱǵһ˫壬¶⣬԰¶سǰ
һ۹ֱܺǷĴظɫԵأֱסĲݣܺͻȻǰһֱֱضԼǰԼæͷӵĵطԼĴйһӾ˺ƣЩŵȥһԼ壬ǽĵ¡
һԭأͷЩΣš츾æǴƨļʱһĵطɿ󵨵ؿ츾ıӰأһֻһԻԲĶǰԶĵطѽѽģεһһۻ
ſţһһ⣬ʲôԼͷϳ壬ѪһֱԼԴӿʲôҲ֪ˣֻ֪ǶԲĶŮ˵ƨɣʱĳ嶯ʧȥǣòȥǶԲŮƨһ
һһٵܺĵ츾ʱڵͷŶһӾʹܺĵһܺһҲûһôݣûôʱԼͱһѾѹ˵ϡ




195¡򳤵Ĵһ

ͻȻܵѹڵϵܺģһѹŲڵʱǴһе"һҪʲôѽҵļ"һæҵŤ壬˫ƴȥѹԼϵһôû취ƿһ
ʧȥһ˵ſܺĵϣһѹܺĵļܺĸ˫ڲͣز䶯ͽ˫ȷֿסܺĵ˫ȣȲҶһֻֻǰȥܺĵǰһ˫ͦ鷿
츾һһһҪԼǰʱæֻסǰһ˫ͦ鷿˵"һҪʲôҵļ㲻"ǣ츾һֻٴȥһʱԼһֻͦ鷿һˣһôʹЩʹһЩĸо
"ܺģкþûˣ"һܺһֻͦ鷿ʱߴŴǰ˵
Ŀˮ󶼿ˣȴþˣѹܺĶá"ôɩѽˣŮѽ"츾ŬطһֻץסһԼ鷿ƿʱɵһǰĻҲͲɵؾֹͣ˷ץסһֵֻ֣ûȥƿˣƿߡ
츾ҲͲˣ忪ʼڵϣ˫ַߣذ뿪۾һſϣĸʹ̼
һܺĲˣ˫츾ǰ鷿·ءϻڲͣ˵ţ"кþûˣ˫ִ""̫ˣ˭˶븧һ¡"һһִֻǿںܵ͵ķۺĵϿ˽ȥһֻܺǸͦ鷿ܺѩ׻۵ļӵ˷ܺʹ̼ܺĵ鷿˵"ļϸ尡Ҵûô۵鷿̫ˬˣ̫ˣ"ʱ츾Ϊղһĸ̼ҲˡΪ츾ǸǿŮˣûõ壬ԽԽУҲͺһӾͱһ鷿ʱʱͦһĸ̼µЩʪˡ
һµܺġʱ츾Ҳһ˶ŵͣͣ츾ԼЩ죬һһҲûע⣬ܺĿ˵"ȥɣŪЩġ"˵츾ø˼һƫٿһ
һ䣬һԼǷˣȻϾԼڷɣѾԼһŻعе㲻ģֿģǣܺĵȷϡе㲻Ƶʵ"ɩôɩ"һµܺģЩͷʱ˫ܺǸͦ鷿ϸ£ͷһ£ϳЦݣæ˵"ɩҵĺôɩлл㣡"ܺļҵСȻ󣬵÷һֻ˫ϯ˼󴲣Сռ͸һ˿ܰһܽԼʱܺģѾڴˣʱЩ˼ΪԼһŽŵķ򣬲Լ壬˫ַǰ
һ˷ܵûüѵϵ·Ϳٵſϴȥһϴܺ˹ȥؽ§ڻ§סԼ壬Ҳٵ쵽ǰȥܺĵǰһ˫ͦ鷿
ܺĵĶ估ΧϺҵҲѹܺİ˫ϡؼѹüе͸ܺģͽһ"һ"
һ§ڻܺģ˵һ㣬Ǳ۾һһϵķ빥һظеۡеܵʱֻŤһ塣һͻȻԼƨɣһЩۣʶʹĵطһһЩһһĴ׳ּӲʱȻǸſӣѾܳʾߵأôش֡ôسе㲻ŵʵ"㣬ôôô"һϵܺĵĶĶߺٺЦ"ããŮ˶ϲѽ"§ܺһҲţÿĵµ˫۵棬¶Ǳֻסһĸͦŵ˫顣
һֲӺͶϸ˵"ɩƤףϸ壬"һֻڲֻͣȥܺĵǰһ˫ͦ鷿һ̼ŵܺģһ뿪۾Ѿһʱһĸ̼ϵŤ塣ĺﲻǷ""
һһͶȥ츾ǵ͵òٵ͵İɫţп㡣ֽ⿪츾ϵĿһӣܺĵߣţпʱܺԲ壬ϵ̧̧ƨɣһԼĵţп˳ȥ
츾ϵţп㱻ڴʱ¶һǳɫĶֿ㣬һϸѩ׵ƨɣһܺĴڿʱֻˮͷһߵͷŶֿ㣬һߺĵ"ɩҲ⣬̫ˡ""㴩ԸУ̫˹˰ϲ"һһ˵ţһߵͷ츾βһָֻ츾ѩ׻۵Ĵȡ
츾Լһ˵"ôϲѽ治ߣ"츾һ˵һߴŵӣһǶһǺôֺóѽĳܸ̿ߡ
ԽԽĴ׳ֳôʵڣԽԽ֣ţôֳĶСѨǻöһܳʵɣ
ں˼ʱһСֿ㣬˵"ôɩ»ҸõġСġ㴩ҿ˵"˵츾ĴƨϷؿܹ⻬Ů˵ƨѽΪĸܺĿʼĸˣҲĲȫʼ̣һĸ
ЩܵءϵŤƨһʱ츾Ϊһرֳ󼦰͵ĳԼСѨĿУȫĵطԼһĸ̼ԣһĸ£ȫˣ˫鶶ȫʼȼգѨһƬˡ
һһᣬܿͷ츾ƨмˮˡĴҲӲͦЩˡͽ츾תһ£ƽڴֿ˫ȣԼ˫ȼ䣬ܺĵιһ"ˮݷ"ıء
ïʢë˳ظǵشܺĵӲţҲˮģһָǿŷۺСָǿųѪСͣĴ࣬ܺĴ̼£̲סĲ"һšš"
һָḧڵʱ˵̣ʪʪġཱུƬˮһޱ󻬡պϵķۺѨҲ΢΢ſۺɫĴС¶ǰСС΢ͻѨѷϡ
벻ܺӵˣ滹һŮѽŮˣһܺĸ˫ȸȫֳصطиšʱ;ԼǶܺ⿪˳Լ˳㽫ϵĿȫѵˡ
ܺıһ̼ѿʼش˿棬С촵ʹԵԸ֡ϾѾǻƻŮˣҲɬ
һָʱ޴ˡǣһĿӣһȫͦҽӲĴ߱¶˳
ѾһһǸ󼦰ͣŵƹϸضһǱԼϹִһϵĴߣĺôѽ
ܺѽǹͷмˣҪǲȥ֪ζѽҪȥж츾밡룬˫۶ǴߣԽԽȣ˫ȫɺ죬˿С춶Լ㴽




196¡򳤵Ĵ϶

ղһܽӴ븧رϲһֳߵ츾ѼγһǴߣʲôĸܡ츾ʱΪһ˷ܱ嶼һǿҵĿ--ҪĿ
ǣ츾Լƽɺã˫ֵչںһȫӦһʽһ˫۰뿪յشߴһ"һĺô󣬱ϹĴһֹأ˼ҵȲ"츾ţ¶ţűһǴܺĵĴߴһͷһ̧ܺİ뿪յۣС춶Լ㴽㵴ӡ
Ҳ˲·һ¾ܺϣַǸѾ͵ͨĴ󼦰ͣض׼ܺ˫ȸǸڣʼѨĥ£մЩˮһȫͱ˽ȥܺǻϽխӲĳſˡ
ܺľ׼ΪһǴ󼦰̫ˣ츾СѨĶһʱҲû˼СѨǷܵˣһؽ󼦰ȫ˽ȥܺĸоԼֱ񱻾޴ľǿȴ˫֮䣬ʹ츾ſ죬һ"ʹ"ڳһʱѾʲôϧ˼ܺСѨǷܵˣһȫϳֺݶزܺСѨ
ܺںһʹԺ󣬵Ƿֻ"มมһ㡭úġҡҪҵˡ"غΪֻܺһǴִ߲ʱ̫ݵʹ⣬ͻȻеһˣͷѾʪĤʱǴִ߽СѨŵġ͵ģʹᡢʹԼȫȫ漴ĿУڵˡ
ԭĿһӵõ㡣һԼǴִܺĵɧֱײַءԽԽ˶
̫˷ˣȫʹľһԽԽԽԽͣݾǰͦʹôͷһһصĶײܺĸĻϣܺҵţ
츾һǷءԽԽس£һÿһεĳʼʹȫʧˣһһĻۣȫɢ±쳣Уֱоܲˡȴߵ"ҡšԡŶܲˡһһ㡭úġ"һֿʼҡǰͦĿݳţﻹںţ"ɩôɩСˣ滹ôе"˷ĳ壬ܺޣǿЩҲ϶࣬ⶴʱôˣϷɧڵˮֶ࣬ҪȻͱôɣʹȥˡ
ֻܺһز룬һĴ󼦰ģҲһ˿϶ȫһ˵֡顢ᡢĸоȫÿϸÿһԼһÿһеĶȫ˽һʼĺţһ޴ӹϣʱӹһǿҵĴ̼¸һӿ
ųٶȵļӿ죬츾ĿҲѸ͡"รˬมҪˣҪˡ"Ʋסش۾ﲻĻðȫдĸоܺķӦһȻͷɣֱеϱķѨ⣬Ѵ󼦰ͰýġϺߵ"มˬˡ"
һس˺һܺĵ""һôҪĶôܷŹأ˳ٶȣȻԼĴ󼦰ܺĵČ˶һܺĵĵȣ츾ϵ·ú٣ѵ츾ϵһһ۾Ϳֻʴ̣ؿɽһȻʵӣڸղŵϵ뿪ǰ鷿ˡ
ɵܺĿһ˳ٶȣַһĵ£һѹе·֡
ٷһǰʱ˫ֿ§һĲӣ¶ı飬˵Ľ"ššมมˬˡһ졭ٿһ㣡"һܺѹ·ԼҲϵ·ѹ⣬һֱܺĵ磬һ鷿һһϵСѨȫȫ룬Һݺݵһ嵽סѽŮˣһкţģѽ
һÿһεĲ붼ʹ츾ǰŤѩ׵ƨɣʱҲûɢɾ˫˫ŽڼϣƴڶŷʴβͦӭǺĳ̡ؽţ"ѽһɷ򡭡ˡʹ졭ҡҪҪˡม"
һ츾ķӦӼǴִӲĴٴοʼҳ壬˲ͣӹϣʹܺľüҪﵽ࣬ҲĪĳʵСһָͣ츾ѱӲͷ͸еԵķ顣
ܺıɵüҪʧȥ֪ſ죬΢΢ͣķ"һĴมɵҡҺˬมˡҪˡม"
һĴسţܺѱˮûˣˮĤͲʱײġžžһϽ಻ϵǰš
"Ҳˡมˡม졭มˬˡɵġҺˬมˬˡ"ܺҲţرúСܼ٣ͬһ㡣
һҵٶ³鶯ʹ츾ȵⶴﱻҵĴ̼ţֿʼ䶯ⶴ⿪ʼܵҵĳ츾δﵽ߳ʱûɢɾȥһ䣺"ˣˣ"ʮӺһʱҲﵽ߳ҰƵģıڲԭϣ˫§츾ʰ׵β̧ߵԼ壬ƴĳ壬ͷģܺĸĻ֮ϡܺĵĲн˵ԽľҺܺĵⶴ
츾һٴδ߳־壬һȫһعһ壬ɽرסһ߽һ"һ̫ܸˡˣ"˵󣬵شϣһҲ
ڼȵԻһĴ߼츾СѨ棬ܺһˡ츾˺ðʱ䣬ŴԻлع廹ǿеУʲôоûᵽζ˷ζţ廹ʱز
ȫع츾һ԰еõôδй죬һſϣһЩƿſԼϵһһ뿪ӸϣȴڻζŸղŵľ޴֡
һܺĿߵһͻȻû˶ɵ΢΢һ㶣һȴһɫԵĿԼܺһһһȻһ͹ĹĵôӲ
"ôأ""ûʲôþûˣûأϢɣ"һЩ˼˵"ɲܱıﻵˣ"ܺЦ˵˵Щʱһ£ܾЩ˼ͷתţղһǸͦĴߣԼľ޴֣ҲһΣһûȻƨɶһȴ˵"һɣɱﻵˣѾһˣںһΣ"ĩˣּһ䣺"һһ㣬̫ˣ"ܺ˵Ļһһˣ˷ܵ˵"ôɩ˭ǿأ"ܺĲţһÿϵıӣ˫ֱǶԷʴ⻬ƨŪš
һЩصͷͷܺĵĴƨţ˫ҲβϣȼҪλšöûܹˣһţȫóԵĶˡ
츾ȼ츾ƨɱһ÷ͷƽڴϣһƨˡһٺһЦֿʼĶͣ˫Ѹٵظܺĵ˫ͦĴ鷿
"һˣ"ܺıͦŶһһ߿Ц˵ȥشһͷһ¡һ˱ܺĵһֻ鷿콫ӲͦķۺɫͷһԼһֻ鷿һұߵ鷿ٶȻһ飬ᵯŽ۵ͷһͷתͷһҧͷ
ܺıһã˿޴ȣ˫ֽסͷ뿪̵һͦԼĴ鷿̲סĲţ"һšš"




197¡򳤵Ĵ

"ôɩ棬ˣ"һ˵ֹͣ˶츾ĸܺĵǰܺǣ뵽Ҫһļͣһӿͷӿִʹԥ֣ץסһǸ󼦰ͣС˱ַܺסһĴ󼦰ͣڴͷ˱£ü롣һ͵ζĴ󶯣ɧѨһˮ
ܺһἸʵ"һġͺô󡭡ɩ"һӦ"áɧɩ"ַסܺĵͷؽ󼦰͡
һܺ˱󼦰һ󣬴˵"ԹҵĴ󼦰ͣôɩɺãΪ"ܺƽڴ˫ȼ䣬˿󣬰ͷǰ˵ѨѨɢζæĽͷѨһĴʱܺӺ͵Ҳ""ܺĿƲסĽ
һͷܺĵѨܺĵСϸܺĵСϵÿһݺֽͷ쵽ܺĵš
һůͷ紥£ܺĵ̲סһһģ̲ܺס˫Žһͷеøˡؽ"šҪҾͲˡมม"ڲ̧ͣѨһ͡
һסܺĵСʼ˱ܺѨİҺͷܺĵѨһĽš
ûã츾ȲˣϾǹʮˣƻʱ""һߴһʹһ"һҲˣˣɣ"һҲЩܲſϣ츾ѾŴ󼦰ϡһһ츾ǰ"ม"ͬʱ츾ȴһŮɣƨӭȥһоܺĵĳ嶯ŪܺĲȫȥһͣ
"ŶһҡšԡŶܲˡĥˣɧѨɡ"ܺĵһҲѳֲסˡ׼ܺĵѨһͦ
ม츾һһֳʵĸоϮšš츾̧ƨһȫ롣
һ˽ȥ󣬾ܺɧѨôôůһΣһ侲࣬ղŵһͳɱˣǼһһسţּܺɧĸоƴİβͦԽԽߣĽе"һˡһ󼦰һ㡭ҡҽɷ"̧ƨϴյʱ򣬲͵ÿͲļ鷨ݺݵԼĴ󼦰ܺĵČ˶ʮ¡
"һ"ɵܺģʼĴ˽ţ˫žܵſҡһԼɧļӲܹی"һļ̫ˡ󼦰һһ㡭ܲˡô󡭡ˬ󼦰һٵҺ㡭š󼦰áһҡһٵúҵĺô󼦰һˡ"ܺĵһˣ󼦰سɧѨһܺһ˫۵ȿڼϣ˫ֱסܺİ۵ĴƨԼͣظſ὿ܺĸ
츾һٵ˯һѩ׵ĴһĴε۵ĴȴһļͷػεĴƨŴ󼦰һһµذڶһ˫ֽ§סһƨɣһʱײ󼦰ͲɧѨ""
һЦܺĸС䡣һܺĴŴ˫ȼסһƨɣȥ
""һݺݵس£ܺġ"Ҫˡ"ܺĵ˵šһڵõܺĵĿ϶𸴺ֹͣ˳壬󼦰ͽܺĵɧѨϢһȻ󣬳ԼĴ󼦰ͣܺ˵""Ҫ츾ſڴϣ츾ˣһԼߣŴӲĴ󼦰ͣӺܺĸխѨ
һĲ֮ܺ"ôôҡô࡭ҽôꡭûôǿˡԺ١"һ˫ܺĵĴӣͦͿٳ塭ֱٵ츾вϣСڳײˮ鶯ܺĵ츾ٴαһٵֻ֪ʶŷİƨӭһ󼦰͵ĳ壺"һܸɡҸҪˡ󼦰ð"һΣһ֧˺ܾãֻ˼ʽ任ŲٸܺģٳٲԼʼָʱıˡ
ܺŪͷɢˣЩףˮʪһƬҲ˻ˣһĺš
һٴνҺܺĵⶴſܺĵĶ˾˺óʱ䣬ƽ˵ܺʱ츾ѾҪȥˣ۵ſڴϲܶðһ䣺"һ"˵˯ˡ
뵽Լ򳤵ļｫ򳤵Ÿˣһ˼ͬһĿУܺҳļԺһصһСʱԺ򳤲ųһȥһҪ͵Ŀࡣ
ճ̣磬ٿȫɲᣬҪɳ¸ǸĸɲһǰʹڵԼķչսԣȻҲ򳤺ֺó¸ǵһٶƺҲϲţԵʮֵӡ
ΪŸСһһû᳡һĽиС࣬һҪ֤ĸʩܹתҽ壬ҲǸһһģȻЩһ͸Сڲû᳡ʱ򣬴ӸСġ
µȶӣ׼ʱʼˣһ͸СȻ鹤ıԱڻ鿪ʼԺ󣬱һ͸Сվڻ᳡ĻС˵ЦţһԴϴдٴεĳ˸СζԺ󣬶ԸС
ȻҲ֪СԼܻӭ⼸СڳߣȻûһһ׷Ļᣬ죬¸ｲŻȻ˼С࣬뵽һ㣬һЩ
ǿϧǣμӻ׼ֲֹСһˣȻһĿŵȥСˣһһߺĻԱţһţҪôһᣬԼһ׸Сķ
ˣڻ鿪һʱһС̲סĵӺ˳ȥһ֪޵Ů飬ӦЩڼϲȥˡ
᳡ڵĽǳεģֳɶߣڶߣŮߣݼ䡢¥ݼͿˮΪмǸΣŮ߲ܻ֮ͨ
Ϊ뷨һ֮ǰϲʱ͵͵Ĺ۲֪¥ԱڲμŻ飬Ǻ򳤶Ի᳡ļҪϣʱӦû˻ҪϲģӦԼԽӽС࣬ģԼߵζĴʱˡ
һĻĹԱС̸ЦţûעԼҲϢ˳СӰʧڹԲͷһһСܣ׷ȥŮſڣǰһ£ȷû˿һŮ䣬˳ذŹؽۡ
ǰһδŮ䣬ֽһϴֳغͻױ̨һǲĸţһǸСˡһġͨͨŵţĶƳʪʪĺ
ŵԼʮδգһվλÿԿСഩŸ߸ЬĽż⡣һ߿߿Ů΢ŵСѨҺӣһ𡣿ŵĹøСãҺֳּһ֮òͣЪǳˮȹӵ
һŵվ⣬Ϯﲶ׽̵׼š֨ѽһˣڸСһ˲䣬һǰһ§סСྪһ漴һĴסֻܷͣͼѵңҪУΪйξĽһΪС֪᲻ʵˣһָɣСִУҪһֻεס죬طӱ˷ɾ鷳ˣ˵׼ڻصǰ;ǰͷˡ





198¡£һ

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һͷǿؽϮͼŮ˵ĿǻŮǿصֿţ촽˲䲻ͣط˵һ촽һʱԸڳһֻ̽Ů˵ظ·ץһֻӣŪ
¸ҲǰѹŮ˵˫ȼ䡣һͣʱҲ̫һ߼ӽһǾ͵ŪתƵȾͷı¥ݼ䡣ߵ¥ݼĹ̫ΣգֻҪС಻УӦǰȫģսٽΪá
һŮ˵촽ù£ֻʱȥŮ˵¿ۣС˫ֽץסУſң㲻ҪòãС༱ÿҪᡣһҪõ㣬㶼ÿҪˣһ˵һֻȥŮ˵ȹӣСϽѹסضţһҪץŮ˵˫֣ǿнŮȹĵСࡢ顣һߵȴ
ԭϲֻиС֪ڻѾãԱ㲻׼ʱӦòӦȥˮֻС࣬ȴָС಻Ӱﺰһֹͣ˶ȥ̫ΣաȳȥɣҴߡһ߷ߵ˵
ţȱ£ȻԼĺ¡СһȹĬĬ߳ȥˣһϵģһ͸뵽ʲôһģ¶һ˿Цݡ
6ʱ࣬°ʱ䡣ߴҴ뿪᳡ȥ򳤺ΪҪͳһԷһ᳡Ϊ᳡ڰ칫¥Ķ¥°һˣһǵĻЦӵˣΪ֪Ϊ飬һĶģ⣬Լһ׷ʱҲһڸոո˴˺£ȴ¶˻Цݵԭˡ
Ż᳡뿪յĻ᳡ʣһ͸Сࡣһĵذǰϣص˻᳡Ĵƣֻǰ㲻̫ĵܵơ
һϯ̨˳ְϯ̨ĵҲˡСæճĽļȣһѵƹˣæеôصˣûأʱС໹ûֻ᳡ֻʣһһЦСߣڸС໹ûоΣյʱһѾ˶ϣӺ§סڸʰӵĸСࡣ㡭ҪʲôСྪһһͼʼһֻǯĴֱַס˸С˫֣ȫصѹڸСϡ㡭ſſҡСҵš㡭ҡˡѵ㲻𣿡һѹסСֱ࣬Сĸϣǰظ£˫ֱһһſǰͦѹϡ
ǰ۵ԵʣԲβһ¸ţֱͦӲӲضι˵ͣĦš
һСﻹڲͣؿţſҡſҡȻҡҪˣһٺټЦţаôҾһ»еУ˶ͣķУһŵһɴӸСϴ㣬Ů˵ܵ˵ַƳ˵ĺΣϸСĺҲԿɼеԵŤ֮˵񾭡һض˶βͷ̽Ѳš
Со˴صĺԼĶ࣬ιһӲӲĶ»ţʱԼеѨڣ֪ɵȫһǣѹֵ
һŮ˵ɣʼһĶŮ˵˫־һֻ־׾ٵؿסظŮỬ˳üë۾ӣͣʪĴḧţŮ΢ļ϶ָ̽㻬ĿǻŮ˵ࡣһһָ䴫һĵʹԭСͻȻҧһָǣҧңһһָӡԣûгѪһȥһץס˸С飬һֵСһʵ㣬ȻеܣһеݺݵؾֿʼŪС鷿ضĥιҪСϢӼ٣ȫšţ˵ĽſʵʵطţȻͰһе㲻ΣѸС˫ַֿѹϣȻѸСҲϣϴε𣿲ҪˣһúðģҪҪ˻ġСཿͼҪ˷ģģŶˣúܰɣһ˵С֪һˣſϯ̨ϣȻҪطһǷˣһ˽ô죿̫ˡ
ڸСŵʱһȻһƣСĳȹƵϣ¶˴Űɫǿ֬ķΡ۵βͻȻ¶ڿ˵ɫУСཿߵؽһԲɿܵĶСɵǿ㣬۵΢ĵƹ£ҫ۵ĹһӣְסеԵʹȥȵŷƨɡš۵βͻȻ⵽˵ʪǣСֹסطСһʪȵ촽ţӷ¡𻬵ιִιŮ˵
ͷ֮ʪʪĺۼСоһԼβɦŪţܡ˺ͷ֮䣬Ȼ΢ŵѨ֮ʣС鲻ԽβŤţӭˡ
һ̰˱Ů˵СѨʱͷͻȻŮ˵СѨһˮһ˿˿Լʱ
С༱ؽ㻵ˡҪ˰ܲˣһŮ˵ĽͷŮ˵СѨζ˵ĺãˮԴԴϵһŪʪʪġ
Ů˵ķ״ָоѣĸеԣ˫ֵץ΢΢죬һ˫ϸϸŪšôаҵСͻȻСһҪҪҧԭһָСӲӲӴ׽ЮغסҧšС෢һһĽ찡ҰɣһҪһǶħĿǣһˮ˳֪ĿǾͺãԹԵһˡһֱѸ˿ӣųѰͦĴ󱦱
һһְסСľ˿ķأһץסԼıŮ˵ι»ʱ̽Ů˵䣬ӲСٺʪܵѨڡ
һŮ˵СѨ̽ѯţо񱻷ҧסͷͿŮ˵ҺоֵġС໹ûӣСѨǺܽм
Ǹ޵һ̾ţүԼǲԼл˶lһ͸СͬʱĽԭһܲŮѨڵģȻͻ룬һˮ˳ŻˮֱӹڡС޳˫͵һ죬һβսιؼס˴ִĸ㡭ġ̫ˡˡСཿţȫļⶼŵر




199¡£Ķ

СԹԣɣٴҲɵ£ֲǵһΡһ˫쵽СǰץסֻʵŪ
СཥӣҪôһܲˣû˵꣬һѾʼҵسţÿһζĲ嵽棬С෢ʹͿֵСӣеúý̫ˣŮ˽֮£һҲ˻ƵغţÿһĳͣСɧˮ˳ŪʪӵĲλѸСƨŪûģϯ̨Ϣ
һյĻ᳡Լڿɼ˻᳡ϣŪޣо˫۾ĽؿԼһˬޱȣִ͵øǻֱŮššµŮ˲ͣؽţƨҡšӭšſŴӺ룬˴ֳÿζ۵ӹڣֵĸоͣشصʪȫɢһҪҪôš̫ˡ̫ˡšŮУׯĵ⵽ŪʱҲ᲻Ծط鲻ѵĽдһһ˺Ůǰĳ£ֵĴۣ˿˫ֱӸ廬۵ӡŮ˸ʵӵʮ㣬бó״ͦš
һһһ´سÿһ壬С඼ɻһ촽΢һÿһ˽жųĳüͷһ£·ʹַ࣬·Сཿ۵СֽسأԼ˲ͣĴײ
޳Ƚż֧𣬻ԲβǰһԷ鷿һǰӿۺСͷͬѩɽϵѩһҡ߮˴ֵĲŪ²ͣزСɵıӲϷ
һؿ˶Լ½ǿޱȡеӿһͦӲˬ
סС󣬰ǴŮ˱ͷأγͦεơһ΢΢һŮ˵СѨҵس塣ֻŮΣʵǿҵĳ·ɿ趯鲨
һޣǣסҰһŮ˵˫֣һ˼ʮ¡Ůϸ乣˫糺졣
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˵ײһ𣬡žžֱ졣С޷Լ˷ܣؽšһǿҵĿгʹͣԽԽ󣬴ϢԽԽأʱ޷ƵĽС
СǿҳĲУһУֻϣظԼСıԽԽ컣ĵֵ顣ֱ˽ţǰ鲨ӿȫ罬ϣһĿɰģͣӿһһɵҺһĳ⣬ƨɺһСϣ˳Ŵ˵ϡһĽǰδеǿҿУƴĳ塣
֪˶ʱ䣬СͻȻǷһһУ˫Ҫ˵ǣͦƨض˵Сϡ֪˶ã³һ̱ϡ
ͬʱһҲоһС˱ԼĹͷһݵǿҴ̼ǰһƬհףͷض緢ӹϣ۶յľҺ͵˸Сڡÿһξζܵ߳ޱȵĿСÿһɾҺĳøС岻ز
ãСδӸ߳лָƯһģ̴޵ؽţȫ̱ϯ̨ϡһδСѨвֳϣԼ׳ѹ޵Ŀ˶
һϸϸƷζŮ˸֮µζṈ̀߳ξߢģ˽۷΢΢̧ͷ
Сظо˵ԼѨУ΢֮⣬ؽг־ϲ¡˱ˡ
Լɷһû꣬Ҳ࣬ȴһ֮µҲԼԶһݡʮ㡣Ÿ侫ӣӲʵˣŮ˽߾治ѡ
һŮ˲̱壬ԼѸٵرӲٴγŮխڸղԼľҺŮ˷ˮⶴ壬֡
Ů˵Ľطⶴִ飬ʱղѾ̫ˣֻſΪ
һذһЩץסŮ˵ȣһŲתŮˡĽſϵŮ巭ת˱潻ŵơ۶ԽӣŮˮ˫ʱߺ죬ϣ˶ӡ
һŮ˷ĴȳʹŮ޳ԲСȼԼļϡ۾ɨӶ£Ů˵ظǰĿгťֵֻۣ½Ȼʣڸղܵ˵Ĵʺ죬л˵۰
һ̲סȥͷŮ˵ⶴ˫Ϯ˵飬ɵظŪšͷǣ󣬵ԽǸŪԽͦ˵ǿСᴭϢţо˵ŪԽм˿˿ʹŮһʹУͻȻսеӣʹӲ鶯һһײŮеĻġ
ʽǣʽرӽҰ޼ĽţһǿҵУǰʽŮԣŮ˱ͳʱüͷģԿвϱ任ĸ״ӾЧͬԲŮ˴̢
һţ˫ץ൯ʮ鷿Сκ졢ɫޱߣӣ΢ŽԲŤӦţѨһһغ˽ĴһܵӡɣСӡ˵šŮ˽˫ۣڻش𡣡Խң治˼ӽ弸£ŮûлشֻǷ˵š˵˵˵ȻѴִͱ׶ĥеĻ⣬ջŮ˵ܡˡġô󡭡óŮţΡǰɣͶ¡ššǡǺҿˡŮջͳ˵˿ڡԺҾ㣬𣿡һ˻ʡѽҡɷ򡭡ҡܶԲɷ򡭡СƺδɥʧǡҪܣֲϹͶԲϹˡ㡭ɵġ£СཿߵӦҸɵôʹ죬㶼дˣȴϹ˵ʹһɴ׾ʹһݵŪ˼¡ҪôʹС˵˵СšϹ޸⣡ߡһһζݺݵ¡ҲܶԲϹһĬĬڸСϸţʱ£СĽҲС񣬹ΪԼ׼ء
һ˼صԼϣоԼɫСȻõ˵Ǹ»鲻ýεεޣˬˬˬˬˣ뵽⣬һסˬ貿˶һһǳسšʲôѽ㡭㡭ˣС죬ĿգӣβŤˬˣһӿ壬ԼִŮ˷齿۵֣ʱشŮ˰ǵˮù⻬ʪú㡭㡭̫ˡֳִ֡ÿζļˡһᱻġСཿػӦ˽صĳͣ˵˻Ҳĵ˴ֳ
ϯ̨ϣС䶯Ťת˵壬ץţǰʵ˵ĶͣػζԲĴȴֿʪСѨĳ塣
̹ĵĿ϶ţһϮ˸оӿ̲ס󿪴صسδεףִĹͷ͵ضŮֵĻġ




200¡£

СҲ𽥸ӵļ˵ӿŤţƨͦӭĳ̡Ҫ㡭ҪپܾҡҪ㡭㣡һŪŮ˸ʷ鷿׳֫˦ţײŮ˽խҪйǻĳޡһ˲䣬Ů˸о˵ִִ˼֣øӲ˶ȣĦԼĻģĿмشȫʹؽӡӰƨϵ֣ԲĴȽ˴׳֫޳СֱֱϾ٣һƿЦĽУȵҺȪӻӿ˿ţŮҺӿһɹɾҺȫŮ˲ӹȻǵڶΣǺܴһԼAʮ롣ĹУһضŮ˵߳ʱʹƿ˽еĶģоžҺͨʱ뼹׵͹ĿУŮǿְ
һҲһ㾫ƣߣˬطڸС໬ϣоŮȻٵͽĵĴϢСһ͸ʪϵȹճϣɫ󣬷ĿգϴϢţǻԴһ˿Ц⣬ƺڻζղŵĿʱ̡
һؿһµ˶Ȼٴγ˶һҪúһ£Ȼֲɲ档
뵽һоһ¡ͻȻ뵽һϸɲЦ˵ϸɲС㣬ϲС˵Ҫ㣡С˵һҪһ룬еиСŮɾ͸ɣжãڲУһþòеֻ꣬ظˣ
εһЩۡκ¶клˬͬʱҲ˺ܴΪ˳ǶֻƴˣҲֵá
һǿֱӣͳֻʱ䣬8룬ءŮ˻ʪ˫΢գ὿Ȼ֪ʲô⡣Сˣҵôʱ䣬ҪһţղŻһֽ̧ͷڸղήŮ˵СѨﻬˣ˫ȼ䣬´׳ŮȻʪСѨڣо治
һܣֵĽܵ࣬ʵǺģ˽һۿϯ̨ϵŮҡһͻȻо̨ºѹѹ˫۾ԼСңΥ׵߳ܿʹµȻֱֱضŮ˵СѨϡŮȻо˵ٴβ̫ˣŸոξֱӲˡŮĺȻĿߵضϵǿ׳ˣоˮľҺӿ˳ȥһΣ𣿡Ů˵ĳͶʹһᣬȵ۹Ҫ̽Ů˵ĵףȥŮѻĴġ㡭㡭ҪҡҲˣСཿػشСֶ೶˵ĳ¡˭ôʱ䲻ңҵСʹ˺ܳʱ䣬Ҫúòιñġһ˵ʾذᴥŮʪе˽С̫ˣϹҴ绰ġŮ˽ߵز˵ԼϹϸոȥĺϮˡٺ١ǸҸ˲֪ԼͻݵѾñӰɣһͦͦʾŮȻʪĶڡ㡭㡭㡭޳ܣС߷ҪˣĵǺϲģ˶ĺøУٲĻԨȻҪЦŪϹ̫޳ˣСҵҪһĻ޳ܣҳ޳ܣϲŮˣϲٸƯŮˡʵҺϲ㣬㶯˵ŤŤȥʵڿƲסԼ㲻֪жˣʱҲܡϲ㣬û飬һҲ׷ġһסС˫磬Լɿ˵šүŪۣҪһֵ壡ѾʧһСԼҲֵ̿˷ֲ֪ô죿һ˫۾߷εؿһһۡϲ㣬һ㸺ģñ֪Ҳļͥϣһʱܿ֡һ컬ĳСཥ͵ɫ͵֡
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һ͵سţƽʱׯĵ˶һ˳ͻ᲻Ϸȥˣʵһѽһ˫ץסŮԲŮ˱Ů˲رס˵˫硣
һͦӣϯ̨߼ͣƵ˶Ȼֿʼ߶СعһĲϣٰ㽫ͦεȫ˵ϣؽţƺܲһ±һ¸Ĵ룬ԲĴȽס˵Σ޳Сߵţĸ߸ЬСɰ۵ĽŲϣСȵߵγ˵Ļߡ




201¡£

һһ߳һ߻ܣյĻ᳡ֻиСĽҵϢŮ飬ȫ˵ԼׯʥĻ᳡ƯŮԱȫѪҺڷڣһǿǿҵĿһײҪѰһйĳڡ
һ˿еױȵĿкʹ̼ϯ̨ǰ߹ҪȫĹѲһһͦ׶ŮԲԸеβʱľĦŮ˽۵ľ޴С
С಻ͣؽţһ˸߹һˡϵʾ̨¿ʱоټĻ᳡˫۾Լ޳ܵУشһͷ˿ǰ˫һͼУһˮ˲˷ŵĵط䵽ɺĵ̺ϡ
һ첽ߵǽߣȻŮ˰ǽϣŮ˵ʮȣҳײŮ˿貿ӲٽŮʪ͸ƺ̴ִŮ˸ĸоͷײӹͬʱҲܵޱȵãسˢȫ
Ůڱ˰ѹǽڷݳײͬʱǼҺԴԴϵӿտյĻ᳡ȫ˷ĴϢ
һоⶴһľΣͷҲԵǴ࣬ϾҪˣһرŮ˻Բβ貿һͻȻسȥǿ̴սڣֱײھγ鴤ӹϣŨǵľ漱ӿȫ˲ӹڡ
Сִֻܹ̼ڼٲδβ嵽ĸоʵܣУٴε˽εľ߳˲ӣţ죬˫§˵ĲӹһǿҵǻڵҲ䶯ҧ˵ĹͷɵİҺٴӿ˳˵Ĺͷ̵ůȺġ
߳һ֧Ů˵ؽȷͬʱأŮ̱˵ĴϣſǰϸϸϢšһḧŮ˸߳ʪӻ壬ƷζŸոսļȿС
ӿе𽥻ָŮʶڻ᳡Ѿϵ˽Σۼͨ죬Сָ˿ʵգؿˣһ̾ϢҪˣһ߽飬Ǹеޱȣص𣿸ղ㵽߳ʱƯˣҵıҪжˣŮĴ˵ţص㻵ˣôΣȫˣһϲһӲҪΣ˫ظŪŮеԵ鷿ȥסŮǺεӣŮţȫ˸Ŀ֮С
ཻһڸоѾ̫˵ز˾Ƿֿ˴ࡣһֱӣȻŮ˴ǽϣŮҵȹ
úŮ˻ָԭȶׯĵĸ󣬵ոϵĸ߳ϴʹȫŨŨζĶͷɢţмƻںʪĶǰһĨߺ죬֫ƺ֧ŲסԲӡ
һŮ˵ɵԼ·ģߵҲûڰץؿ㵵ʱŮ˿ˣ׽ӵһЦղݣڲʵˡһЦѾȫСԼˣƷоɼѽСǿֱͦãҵġһЦ߳˻᳡
ոսСͻдһֻ绰һȴģʾϵ֣һвɵһڳԼŮˣԼҲ˱Ůϳζ⼸һһֱų¸ǣһҲкöûмˣ绰ǲԼء
뵽һͨ˵绰绰ͷ̾Ȼһϣڵ绰תıһ˼һԼһϹȥˣĸ׽ҲԼ˺ͱ˴ͨ齫ڼ
Ůһô֪ܲԼ绰˼أһЦԺһ˵ϻᵽ·ļȥڹӦԺһ˵绰ؼϴһ裬һĸļȻոڸСϷй˼Σһ˸ոյϢһ壬һֱЩ
һţһȲĴǰ޵ٸˣȻոϴ裬һϮɫĽȹʮֵĸţʹ˰ԵõŻϹס壬ʹһ̲סشӺ͵͵ؿӰߡ
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һʵסĵļ飬ַԲļͷϡûжҲûлɢһֵͷЩʪһͷȥĲһĴļʱһȫˡĺһϡһһӣͽӵһ
ôǵһһѾǲˣֻǵõʱͷһƬңоĴʪ󣬺ͷһе̽Ѱţܷ飬ָмΪ
һӱһļӲðѳֲסݺݵضСǣһСʹҲܼһ˵°ɣվסˡĬһû˵סһӣһ§ɳϣһ۵ĶʡߵĶѱһ§ס˿ܶˡһһֻ鷿
һĻգֻƴѹûͷһʲô޹ǣҲڲͣػһ
šߺԵøˡһ֣סеԵ鷿ŪţŪǽС۵ͷܿ죬ͷӲεһļϡһǿ֣һ˱ǽ۵ͷһȹһšҪѽһӵߵױǰԻױԼ̺ݡһ߹ȥӱӵ˫ָ鷿ϣһͷ˵㣬ԸУһϲ㡣һûһ˫ת壬ʹһһ֪һƽʱɫԵشеУһԸеɻ󾪻֮ʣһ§סǲ֡ٸѩ׵Сƾһ׳ţܰһħơ
һ㡭Ҫʲô졭֡󡭡š֡һһ湿ϸ֫һЦ㣬С˶һþˣ£þûǶζ˰ɣҰһߺһԻһаѩСƾĵǿļ򣬲ƴһԼΡΡʵͦ塣ǣʱһеġ
ʼе㶯ˡƾܵԽԽСһҲʼսһֱۣڰѾٸཿͦʵѹԼϡ
šһߣее㴭һɳ˵ĺζֱ͸ģеͷһΣ֪ô¡ٸķּ
һֻеľɫ˶һٸеƢǰżŭ壬һ㱡ܸеɰ͹𡭡
һѪӿ޾ɫ崿ߺԽԽԽԽߵرԼλðĴ۾
һѵϵ·¶ϸ۵磬¶źɫ˿֣͸Ĵ岼ϣϡԿƯͦ鷿ţ޺ɫͷֻǰ͵סһ룬¶Եͦš
鷿ںܷʴ֣˳÷ܴԲԲģܺÿͷСһӣңֵһ㲻ڣַۺɫҲʮ
һſˮ۾ˣһ̰šţͣ˱ͷһֻҵץĦһֻ鷿Ҳʮֵ˷ܣɫ죬




202¡һϹڼһ

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Ƭ̣ŹŵĴ¾ĳõͷϣԷĿУζ˿һǰӳµáϸļĵķաʷ۵鷿ӯӯһյͻķΣһ»Ҳδܿܵɫջ
תһƶ֮䣬鷿ǰҡţɢŮޱԸе̬ѵ֪ƶһ˵ǶĴ̼Ǹˣûִ̼ܵһе󼦰ѾӲͦһĿĹͷǰˣҲڳ𤻬Һˡ
һĵƵı󣬴ֵĹҹֻһɲǣ鷿̶Ĳϣתŵڿлζš
һȥ͸ĵȹ˿ĽϾֻʣһСòСǿˣƺҪķڻǸı⣬ֻǼǳɫ˯Լϡһ˲䣬ɵʹһɴ۾ڷ͵ĵƹ£ϰǳɫ˯³ʹǰ¶һƬѩ׷Ĵ鷿˿ȵĺš
ҲƵĴȣѩ׽͸Ĵȸƶ䶯š֮ҹĿݷ˿ҪĴѹһейɻȵđjһţշգȫðһƳ嶯ıܣȴ޷ȫѹסƵһȥһӲͦĴ󼦰͡ڴʱƵת˸۵Ĵƨɶһһſˮ۾ʵӣǿžԳΪһˡ
һ̲סػɧ飬һĶߣ΢ĵƹ£ѩ׷ļӿŮеζ
һ嶯ȥסĽһصđjһָشε⣬ƨϸţûзʹһ󵨵ƨɹ·Ū
һԼ忿ĽӿӲĴ󼦰ƨеС۵һһһֻᱧסůӣ΢΢ͦһĴ󼦰ƨɹĥţ͵ĵԺĴУʹһˬþˡ
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һָʪⶴãŤ壬áһģ߽ӡ
͵ĵƹ£ǵˣʱǰ߸ķ䡢ѩɡһʤĿϾ
źߵı΢΢ţһּԼСںľëϸţְڸͦ鷿š
˫ſֱһܿںڵëͺ۵ʱһ١һֽ΢һѹһĶ
һԼ鷿һץסһֱͦͦļӲĴ󼦰ͣ͡šһȻ˫ת壬ʹһ
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Ҳ鷿۵Ūţ󼱴ٵĴϢҲͣţζеҪСѨֹԼܹˬĿС
һǰ龰ϣһŮđjһָԽԽҵشŹɼƬ˫СѨŪָҲӿ˽ٶȣķһֱͦţָܸɦҲֵȰŵôģ⫵ľ̼һһ󶶲ڽǻˡ
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鷿ӴһƣǵôһЩͷ񺬰ŵĻ䣬޵һõ˷ʢʳ鷿ִһļ¶µĴ󼦰Ҳ̼˷
߽Ƶغߵáš¡һҪû㡭һСˣˣһЦţٴ۵Ĵȥ
ѽţнĴȣһĵϷ⽿ٸһ׳Ķ֣ǰ۵Ĵѱһǿ
ôѽһŪϸĴ⣬⫵صϷٸšûһһּٸϸ۵Ĵڲ࣬ϻȥٴǷۺɫСëȥţһĴȸҪϲ£һֲָȥ
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ٸޱȣѽٵҵġšҲ޷һĵϷֻðͷһĻȲ濪۷ĴȣƾһŪɧ⡭һһ
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ҡڣ񾱣һһ׷󡣿һһԱͽͦŭʵҲ͸ͦ
һ־Ƹһ㱡Ľ׳סһ˫ͦ壬šߵһ̣һߺ𡭡𡭡š֡㡭һִֻ۽ϣһֱĳวţٸһ𣬷һãԼͦŭ壬һôһ࣬ɵ彿Ľޡ
һĵวʽ۵壬һ쵽ѹµ˫ͣСѲôоˣңһŭʽϵḧǽεСǺԽԽءԽԽ٣ߺͷذڶѱ
һɫһֻּסͦһֻɬظеһֻħִʽͦ£Լϸ֫ԼԲϸĴȣյĴڲࡣ𡭡㡭




203¡һϹڼҶ


㣬ѸеԼѽԼˣһѹ£ԼĽĽһԼ̵ϵ꣬һ˿Ŀ⽥ǿֱ͸Ժȫɵһ
һִѶֱеĴȸʱȫеһδйĿ⡣һȣסɬһวһֱ͸һġԡ
ʱֹһôҲһֳ޵Сߵͨ죬þδй˸ԼصĲλһวһֱ͸ٸģ·ֱ͸ӹ
һеԽԽȣٸľɫԽԽ죬ԽԽ٣һ˷ܵؼɫ崿˵μˣ֪ʲôʱһеԼеһʪһСţһϲ֡
һʼԼѵþ⣬һɫĿٸʱסԺǲӿɬһٸѾܾõӦһȴƽϢȥˡ
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յĹٸʹһƽɫķɧٸĽУؽ뵽ڣǻӲļͽǡŽʼΪĽխСٸһִδйļȵˬ֣ĳʵڵÿһռ䡣һ뵽Լٸ֮ѱռУֻеޱȵɬ뼤޿κεطķ
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㡭㡭㡭һüͽʪУ˫ָϸ˿ỬƳľӨѩͷǽۼֵͦ⡣
һ޳񻬡ѩۻԲḧͣٸ۵Ĵȸٸݸҧ̺콿۵⣬ĺת٣ʺ콿޵ӣֿ֣ʼת۵ٸͷѪӲͦһԼǽխСڵļҲԽԽֳһʼʪ鶯
㡭šš㣬ߺ죬պؽתǶδԹг弤
崿߿˵ľɫ֬ϸĽһĳ鶯һһµ䶯Ӧ˶ļ塣
һгӲļͣضӿ˽ࡣᡭ㡭šš㡭š㡭šɧٸ߻ȵ䣬Ըеĺߡڣ⻬ѩͦӭϣתл
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һĳҲһΡ鴤ҲزǴֱȻխǽʪճĤһ˱ƵĲơ
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߲һеٴνִԼСУڳšᡭ㡭šɵֿʼת
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Ӽٵʶţ۽ա졢ɧҲ˱ţй˴ɴɵ˵ûԵŲܶ
ˣһҲֻݱͣսǰͦ飬浽ɷ̲סͷʺͦ͹ͷ˱
һҧĶŪʡѹĴ鵴Сʪܡ۵ϣһķʴͷתĥţʼȫ顢ۺɡɧ͸ǵһŤŽСǲʱشһ˵ת
һĴ󼦰ɽɧĻʱܲӹĥ£Ȼ͵سһ룬ɧѨĥĥٺݺݵزɽȥˮǵ崦ˡ




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Ҳˣйˣһͷ˫żнһһˮй˳йһϡһûгļͣһĺ촽鷿һ߳鶯͡
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һ忪ʼһһֱһһ˿ҵѩһһײš
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һһַ壬߳лټڽۻϵĻ̹ȣȫ۽һһ۷塣߳Сͨ죬̽εغһ§ţࡢ罺˺ܾá
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һ۸Сǰ·߸ķͻаЦ˵"ıȵСʵӴСһһͷһһۣ"⻵СӣҵϷ㰡ҸҩԺ󻹵õ¸ǷɻȥءҹԹԵתȥ˵Ż˫һҪһת
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СİѾأҲأ˫ѸƾΪӭӣһĲһҵӵû뵽ǹ˵ãһĸղĴΪʲ˱һͷе΢΢ˣһȴˬС
㼤˺üӲŻķֻֿС˫Ϸϼ죬ĿˮģԸеĺ촽Ҳ΢΢ſţĽǰߵĽգһʵǰ֣һ"С㡭С㡭
һĺС·һ㣬˫۱峺ֻ΢ŭĵһ"һ㾹Ȼ۸㣿
һŭΪ˫ۻ§һĲûɿأһֻ֪ЩȥѣǱװµǸ˵"С㣬ǶԲ̲סģ޷ֵҵĻݺݵĴҰɣҿһ㲻ˡ
СһĻĵҪγˮ˵"㣬һӴҵҵɤأ㡭ҪĴ
һЦ˵"ǺáҾʵжǸ"һδ˵꣬㽫סס˫˳ưѹڴ֮ϡ
Сֻüһ㱻һѹ£һѹǻĽϺţ˫֣Ըе壬ʱ·Ĵ鷿ʱ̽н۵ĽֱСýѡ
һ˾˺һСѾû˹ͷһ㣬һճȥС£С൱Ȼٿܣ΢̧ӷһΪ£СºһֽļϥȹҲȥһСֻʣڿͱ˿Ը˵ˡ
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һ""¿ˮ̲סȥɫĽСƵӵϷȻһ˫Ȳסֻ˴ñС˶鷿һ˫ְղסһǰֵŻ۵⣬С౻һĽˮĿǱˮ󣬳һ
һƵĲϴŪС鷿ſͷ˱嶥޺Ӳ٣ʱĿҧ¡ֱСýѣһŽĿת£һ̧СķΣΪȥѾʪķۺɫСڿ㣬ӳһ¶ݴԵˮССѨַֺ죬ʪòӣŨڵë˳ʪſߣ޺΢ŵƬʴ͹ԵøԣһҺײһֱ̿ˮ
һ̲סʳָָֿСƬˮĺɫǰҲ壬С˲˻΢΢šһͷصŪСҵѨֱˮҺСֻˬβϽСѨһ㲻Ͽϣһͷ䰵СƨҲһһģǹһֱð
СѨ˺һһ촽뿪˸СѨһճ͸֭Һһͷ֮䣬ֻϸ˿ԽԽڵءһվذϣԼĿӰǵֻʣڿ㣬ȼ˶Ҫڿ
ʱС̱ڴϣǼҺһϸܵĺ飬ԷֿȼŢһƬһ˫ͦĴҲĺϵš
һЦ"С㣬ܹܲҰڿˣСɵ˫ۣԾһڿŵ˶ǰһӦ"ţСԩңˡ
һЦ"ѵС㲻ϲôţСһǰĵİһһۣȻ˫ץסһڿһ""һͨ췢һӵҪεСıǼˣѼĹͷأڸСǼǰҡβֹһԵϢ̼øСͨ콿ޣһ˫ˮĴ۾Ҫγˮˡ
СϢһĹͷϣģһͻȻʹǰһͣһŸС࣬õСྐྵŵһĹͷ˳ƶ˸Сཿ۵С
"СĽ߶˺ԾˣһĹͷˬòˣǱһУһСڣһĹͷ̵ıˡ
Ŷ"һɵ̾һء"Сȴˣһ˫ֱһɣ˫ҲסһĴʹƣͷͷҲҶһ뽫Ȼϳȥ˷ǵﲻĿģһŪˬᡣСѲһ۾ʹĳһɣҧһİʾв
һװЦ"С㣬ٵ۾ˣ۾ĵѾ㹻ˣʲô˵Ŷһ֪ʿɶֹĵһҲԸͻˣǱĳͼº㽫˵˳
"СصĴ˿Ȼֵһ˵"һǰɣҲͷ㣡"˵һץסһһֻղ£ֻϣһסȻĿһ
Ȼѱ˵ˣһæͶЦ"ǺǣС㣬ղſӭӵģдҲһŶ"һĻСְһһۣȻڹͷҧһʾͷȴˬһһ¡
СɿһȻ˫ֺڴϣͦոĶţĵĿһȻں촽һȦ"ʵ̫ջһͺһǰһ˽ϣСҲǽһȻһѹ¡һСһ˫Ө׵ĴȿʹƨڴϣȻ󽫹ͷսڣ鲼Ѩĥ˼£ʹͷմ˸СճҺ漴ѼĹͷ׼Ѩڣڼ˽ȥ
˶ĹͷƬ۵޺ûˣ׳룬ԽԽխԽխһԽʹͻڳ͵ĿʹСɴ˫ۣ޺ſȴ




208¡¸ǣԲ˶

еڣڲ˽ķ֮һоͷһԭѾӹˣһԲݣͦμǰʩѹֱŶݣԽѹԽԽԽͻȻĻȻʣһоͷһƬ֮УΧȵڣСͻ𣬰ŹͷˬޱȰ
С벻һȻĶӹ·Щܲס΢΢ţСȽһĺ󲱾۷ףС""Ķ̴ţ֪ػˬء
һʱ㽫ͣڸСеУڱһһеİĦһֱȵСƽ֮󣬲ʵ"С㣬㻹ðɣ
Сһĵİһһۣ"ԩңǸһﶼ˼ҵӹȥоء
һЦ"С治أҪܵĻҾͰγˡСһĻγ˫Ƚ˽һĺ󲱾˵"Ҫγʵʵˣûôˬء
ŶСˬ"˵һǰ㣬Сһ˫ѹѹǰֱ˫ѹ˺Բ״Ȼһ˫ֳס̣ͦβһһĿʼ˻Ļ˶
СǸ֮ңڵķڷǳһڷḻҺȻҳţֻʣͷڣȻľ룬ֱƬʺݣСҲˬı˫ۣԸеĽӺÿһĹͷӹʱķӦǼңԲϸͦڿˣڽеǴ˺ü֡
һĳӣСʱѾ˵һ߳ˣֻҧ˫ʮָ۴׾Ÿǲϵͦţ΢ľڸǳϵսһ̵Һӹӿ̵һһ顣һɽỺİΪؼֳ˶ʼ޺ڼٵĽţֱþ뷭ճ̵֭ҲĽȥ󲿷˳ŸСιڱϡ
һ̫ˡˬ"һͻȻĿҰʹСҲÿҰﲻϷѹӡֻҡ㷢ɢټһ
һѹӡסѳֲסԽԽ죬ǻðԵķ񶼽ˣһֹͣҰĳ壬С˫ȷֿһϣȻһٸǡСķӦ쳣ңסһͷ̴˱йӿĿС
һֿʼ˴Ұĳ壬һֱַɿʲ䣬˳ʱļҵĻ˶ֽܿС˵ڶ߳
С˫۽ƺһ˱һͷͻȻӴ˫˫ưצһʲһβǴǰգǿסһһһ̵ճҺֱͻһǳܲĽӿڴʹһǱʪĿ貿ʪյһƬ
СⲨ߳˽һֶӣҸ߳ͬʱϵĳһ͵Ĺˬ˾⡣
߳һֹͣ˳壬СʱѾ̱һƬڴϣ˫ҲĴڴ⣬һĴһ£"С㣬оΣ
С໺ɵ˫ۣϹŸ߳΢Ц"һþûôˣ̫̫ˬˣҶɢˡ
һЦ"С㣬ˬˣһûء"СԾĽһ"Ҷˣ㻹û䣿⡭
һЦ"С㣬һ£ҲҪˣһ𵽸߳"˵ţһմγøСſ˴ϣεķβһҵСѨƨҲһ΢΢ſ沼˸ղŷµ
ŸСɰСƨۣһָһ£̼ܵĸĽСعͷĵһһۣ"ôﰡ
һЦЦδ˫ֽǰβסȻʹѨ͸ŶĴһСڣֱ⡣һͷյҺĵѨǰ׼֮һͱ˽ȥ˲㾡롣
ม"Сͷ̴ٵһһƣ漴ʼһֿ籩ĳ壬СκεĻʱ䣬ֱӵⲫսһĿ貿ײڸСβϣʹС˵Ĳƣ"žž"졣
˼ҵĳ壬ڸСθ߳չ󣬲ʹСhigh˼㣬Сʵ˷ܵƣץϵıҧסԼһ޺֮ǣӷŪСԸн
һͻȻʳָС಻Ͽϵĸ֮ڣӲͻȥһָڣСӲ͸ͬʱеýģŴԼʩչǿͼֹһָ֣һĲиŬ£ջǱһʳָ˸֮ڣСǰͬʱĴս߳ʱ£һеôˬ죬ָһ󿪴ϵĲŪСǰ
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һһо۵ĿоҪˣСҲǸ߳٣һޱȵĿҰ̣ǼصСſڴϵӶǰȥ
ֳ˼ʮ£Сȵ˸߳ͼУָֺǿҵӭԼĵ߳ذԡ
Ѩڣ̵֭ˮϯһ̵һҲһൽٽˣص˼£Ȼ貿סСķΣ룬ͷͻӹ׶ˣŨ
һδһ̣ͻͻ洫""һСȴһһȾӲ˻ȥ
һͷȥԭѽյķž˴ˣ⾹츾ʱ˫ڸԼϣ۾ɵôĳԾĿǣһҲԾĿ
²ߣڻϽʱҲֻǲݲ£ԻԤƵʱһСʱңл򳤺ҪԼĺ⣬һ˻صд·Сķʱ򣬳ȴԼķһֵüͷ΢΢һ֮£ƿ˷ţȴû뵽ȴǰ⾪˵һĻ·Ӧһģ츾ͬ˶һվſڡ
˸ͻȻֵıʶôסˣͻȻһֱ˹ȥͻĳ治֪룬Żæˡʵ̫խˣ޴ӣһ˫űߣ˻һΣһûһӾͱס˳ߵĽѹڵϡ
˫ֻǰĵֿţһʵںܴ˫ȼסţһְֻѳ޹ǵ˫Ť
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СЩĿ͵ĿǰһУֱһŵɳԺ󣬸СγѰģæ·һŵָƵ֮ǾֵɫȴҲβסġ
һһ߿ٵĴ·һ߶ԸСС㣬ҪţҪţģڣȥһҪŪҵļȥСѾˣæ˷һһװʱ򣬲ɵĵһ㣬ҪʲôѽһݺݵһЦʲô˵Ҫʲôѽǵĺ¶ˣѵǵȥôҵĻһ㣬ȰҽŪҵļȥҲҪס򳤺ǣ˵¸ǲκˣûСæĵ˵ͷûĸСǽһԼľˣһô˵ҲֻôˣһľٶʹøСһҪʲôˣ뵽ԼҲΪһų¸ǵʱһһҹС಻ɵЩĿ˻ڻŵĳһۡ
ŵ˼˸СԺһı˳ʱ˳μԼʱĸ߰뵽ԼҪҪԼԺ󻹻һᱣָ߸ϵʣ뵽ЩһǵĻаЦӵ




209¡¸ǣԲ

һ˿нεε˶ųε̲סһ£˳߽ң˴ϣеŮǣСطڴϡ
һڳߣ˫ϸشųߡʱͷϵķʱ䣬ںĳƮߣ˫۽ţϸѩ׵ƫһߣһѩźֱĴͷԣ¶˰۵Ҹ¼޳˫ȼϸۣӨķɫһڵĳ嶯ԽԽɶ治ίһ˳ƺŵŮǣĵɫ󣬶ܺᲢۡһ˵
һɫ͸ɴ£洩ϸɫСɰ°Űɫխȹó۰˫Եø޳ȳƣխȹʵشмѣĽϣ˵ĺ߾š
ʵһںСͷҲɼµĵʹԲ׵˫Ե΢΢¶⣬˲嶯
һ̾춳ʣ¾޴ɵѾͦŭʶһ˫ַڳѩ׻۵Ĵϰţ⻬ļӴ̼һ
һͷڳ˵ӣһڣͷϸϸƷŮǵĴ꣬һ춇˳Ը촽ϷĿںζ
ʮӣһؽͷ뿪ӣһڳ˵ĽϣϺɫ͸ɴ£һδεİ͸⻬۵ķ۾ԼԲϸµ硣
һͷͣų۵˫գʱСɵĶҧڿУһ˫۾ٸߣųҸ½׽۵ÿһ㼡Źκεط
ͬʱһ˫ֲͣظűԼѹŮǳԸ޵ĽҲʱشమ˺óһʱ䣬һֹͣ˶Ľ𣬺ԼĴϡ
һһַֻڳǰָµųСɽһĽ飬һֻ쵽ɫխȹ֮䣬ḧ¡ָеĴ̼ʹһĺԽԽˡ
һĽķڴϣԼȻ󽫳𣬴ʱµĽؿһ׳˶ϡ
һųСİų⻬ۡһóļϣ޵ԼĲӣһƷζŻɢķ㣬һͣǡųѩ׵񾱺硣
ɫϸСɰų۰ļһһϸϸļµϣִֻɳѩ磬˳ϵСɰظųδɷķ顭ô޷סеԡһͣؿšţһؽⷭϵİɫСɰѵСϡʱѩ׷顢ʰ˵Ľ飬õķʽһǰ
һؽԸĽڴϣʱŮǳƽ۰׵ıһ۵סһֲɢ䲱ϵ㷢Ȼƽĺ󾱣ͷȥų⻬׵ıһ·ȥһıӣһų㼡㡣
һѸѹϵ¿㣬һڿ˳Ľ˼һееǬ٣ռԡ
ƶٶͣڳѩ׵أס˳յһ˫飬һȫᵽ½ļͦԼʮ㡣
һĥųϸ۵˫ְԲأһһѹһ࣬ʳָԼָס˳۽˴ѵСͷ
һͣſˮɺƶͷҲɡ԰ľ޴ǽڿ㶥һֱֱָм䡣
Ůǳ覵ĽűһڻУѩ׽۵ļ̼һ࣬˷ܵĸ֮³۽޵Ľһһųָֻһ˫飬᲻಻Ը֡
һʱİº󣬳ѩװĽΪմһҺ˶˵ĹԴ˾һҲ಻סĽ˹ץסխȹһխȹৡһ˴ϣϽһСڿ㣬طųش
һ̧һֻǡһ̫ʣһ̫ݡ覵ѩȷԼļϣᰮųĴڲ࡭ʱǿŮǳ˽ܵڿ㣬һһȵİ֮ʪһƬ
һҧסڿɽ֮ݵŮڿȤس¶֮ŵĺɫ֣һŬ֮£춽ȥصɴ
ȫӴȱʵȻѵŮǳƽһΣһ˿ҵĽȫ¶ɷ˵ǰ
һ۰׵Ľԣһ˫۷ǰ˵ύţѨ¶˵һǡ
һŰԼڿҲˣֽһӵ˵ذϡһŮڶ˳ģƺԤʾһĻĽżʼ
ڴµĳȻԳ˯ţ֪ԼĽѾһħ壬ڵȫţħй
һβסʵ֮˫ţ¶˺ɫµѨһؽӽϳޣſ˳Ľϣû谭һȫŮ޸ҵؽһ
һһߺų۷ۺͷ̣̣˱ţһ߸ųͦθʵѩ׽飻һһֻ쵽˳£ųԲѩ޳Ĵȣ޴Ѿ಻סĥų΢΢¡ںڵë
һų۵ءƽСһ·ͣǡȥֱ˫㡣һ˳ϸСɵ㣬ӨĽֺڿ˱Ȼѳһ˫ȼܵԼϣϵĺĥڲཿ۰ļ
һͷϸעӳѨUںڵëƬ۵رţ۵ĤֿɰķۺɫëŨܣһҵ˳٣ȻһһµͬʱһҲʼظŪƬԸн۵
ܵһĴĽܿ˱仯ۺѪſ¶˷ۺɫ˵ѨҲʪ͸İҺһԽͷڳ޳Ĵ֮䣬ͷ˱ųӵѨ
߱յѨһһȵŮ֮£˴δйز³ӵѨҲֵס춻شˣһǹѾ˺ܾõľ޴׼˳ڣ׼ȡŮǳ塣
Ӳͦľ޴˷ܶһµĶţݷŵӣһ޴ϵĹͷ۵ԼС˵ĥ˺һӣȳѨ׼Ȳֱ˽ȥ
ִĹͷողѨĿڣһѾоһĳ嶯ѨůխͬŮһ㡣뵽Լռг֮һ쳣˷˫ְסѩ׹⻬ĴȣѹȻͦǰҵһǿгſ˳ߺѨ
Ƭصȷһαɷ˵룬ѨȻѾʪ󣬵ȻԵʮֵĽȫֿһľ޴룬˾޴ǰٶȲ̫졣
һ˳ں󣬸ܵůͽЩͰѳֲסˣһæסйһĽ޴ֱ嵽ףȻʼĳһ߳һùͷĥѹڵĤʺɫѨĥ֮˸Һ
һļѹнɵ³壬춲ò˵ֿʼӭһԽԽҵĳ壬ڵҺ˳Ŵȸصε˴ϣÿһľ޴ʱ򣬳Сͦıӷʹġţţ




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Ľ۵ȱѹ˸˫Źסһ˫磬ԭѩ׵һ˫һش£˵ĺΣԲϸ۵СͷǿҵĴ̼ҲѪ
Ѩӭһ籩ŰݲУѨڸһ޴ĥͳż֮ºܿͳѪ
һĶԽԽңֻǿļռ޵ŮǳǺһϵı任λҵڳĽϳ۳Ű޴ֹͬһײųӹڡ
˯гĽͣţŮԱֺܵ͵ֿʧȥʶֺ֧󣬺ܿرȫʧˣԸнһ֮תлһ§ڻﾡйݲС
֪˶ãҲ֪˶ٴΣһ춵Լĸ߳һҰķһ˫ֽץų۰׵Ľ飬ס˳ӹڣȻһɳȵů˳ӹڣİɫҺѸռ˳ӹÿһ䣬Ȼ󻺻⡣
һƣ§ųĽϢһᣬŴӳĽϿ߽ԡҡʱĳĽϣںͷͰ𪽿۵ļϲ˱ҼĺˮγһϸСӨˮ飬ԵóԸޡ
֪Լ˯˶ãѵʱɫˡоһ⣬˫ۣȫº񱻲ɢƵģͷ廹֫ʹĲˣĴʹиǲϵĴ
ʶԼ¶ҵĴϣٿʹȸ࣬žҺˮۼԼϺָӡʱ׵Լѱ˼ˡɲǼ䣬ں޽ӣɵ
һ˿ҵĽϣزĵʹ࣬ѵķŴҪվ˫һȴǸеʹĵڵϣֻŽʹ࣬һһԡҡ
ʱһѾʹϴһˮ裬һԡʪܵͷһȥԡҵſڲڶȥԼ׵Ķħ˫͸¶żȷߺ־µ飬˫ʶػסԼǰѨȥ
һӣɵҡڵٶȼ漴ȥһѽĽס
ŭ֮£һ˹ȥȴһһ׽ס˳ƽһ˫ѩŤ󣬽һЦڳߺһ˵U¸ǣѾҵŮˣôܹԼϹôأ٣٣㡭޳ܵģ޺޵һҺһϡһֽϵҺĨ¶΢ЦطƷڳסʹУһѱĽ߽ԡڣ漴ó˫סһ޴ļ󣬳ʵ̫ˣ޷ٶһˡ
Сԡڵƹȴ쳣ѩ׵㽿һ§ڻУվͷ£ůˮ϶£ˮ˳ųĽ£ϴ˳ÿһ˪ϸѩ㼡Ȼȴϴˢӡڳϵ衣
һһֻųͦأమųҵʮһ˫飬һְëһָ쵽֮òţŽһ˫ѩȣһ޴һԾԾԵͦšš¡ҧŤų㽿ĵֿһѩ׵̵⣬޴׼˳Ȼ׵Ѩһ嵽ףȻٴγ
طԡױϣ˫ֽץԡױڣյ˫ᣬҧĬĬسһ޴һεļ
˾ǼһӿٶȣŮǳԸн
ͻȻܾ޴Ͳĳ˼ٵĽԼһʹİԹءءһųѩ˵ıߣ沼˲֪ǺɵСˮ飬ȥһƬӨ͸Ǭһͷ֮ڣ˫ڻ۵ļ˱š
ûϵ⼸µ˱ҡѩ׵̵⣬ӣҲ˼ҵʹ춣һһ˺ѵʹ֮£֧ȥһҲڳȥ֮䱾ĳĳ󽫾Һڳӹڱ
һ꾫³һڳ޴ӳѨﻺ֧մ˼ҽźķһ˿ߵӣС죬˽ȥس˼ΣŽĽӵ뻳Уԡ׷ȵˮ˫˫ԡУĿСһᡣ
ֱһ̡šһ˹ϽˣҲϵˮǬæĽɺá
һŮǳĽŵ˴ϣ⿪óسһ˫󣬽󸿺ãƵǰһһ½۰׵ͦһ˽һƤ۽Ž׿ۺá
һ֮һϸضUȳƵġ׵Ľ̡ļ޳ָٵ㷢Ϥһж߿
һ˫֣ȽĳȥһֿʼųỬĳ㽿ų˵Ըߣ
ŮǳȻ춻֮Уĳ㽿ĵĵɴϣ׵ĸ㣬ƾһ׸
һ̧޳ۻҽţֺ㣬ڵƹ֮£ԵþӨϸĵĺǻʹһ˫ѩ㼡ϸỬʮСɵĽֺͷˣһƬƬֺϣͿ˷ۺɫֺ͡
һųĽף촽ͷĽֺŵ׺ͽűеݷ˰֣һֻ·
һ˫ϸ˳Сȡϥǡȣһֱ߾˫ĳ㽿סˣȳƣָůѩ׵þӨ͸͵ĹʹɢĶ˵Ů㣬áơһҲݡ
һųȫ¶һ˫ȣ˫ۿҪˡ׽ᰮųӨ׵ֱۡԲļͷԼͷͦεĽϣƷζ绨㡣һȻеһصʵСһٴθֳ΢Ц˳ųỬĴϻȥڳĸë
ƵתѣʶԼоԼ֮һѵ־ĽѣԼ
Ȼ˫ۣǰ龰˩UԼһܱյķһ˷ԼͷԼ
ּһƿһϷԼ˫Ŷεذסˣɵʧſңʲôһˣͣ¶̧ͷ˵𣿡޳ܶħſңŭҵˣô˭ǳ¸һأ޳ܣôףѾ彻ϵķ֮ʵˡһЦ˵ƤɫǣһбӦġ˫ݷŭƵ
һЦûлش𣬰ڳϵȴסһëŮԵ۶УһһѾܲסӵһμ㣬Ҿˣ㺦ÿ跹˼˼ĺ룬û취ֻþ˼ռ㡣һһ˵һ߽ʳָ嵽˳ѨħʲôҪѨһָ룬ֻȽļסʲôȻǸㆪôŮϲ֪ʣһָĸˡ𡭡Ӵס֡šŮǳߺ죬ԸеĽϵŤţҪӱһָۣ̫ˣۻƷŮˣúúÇһһߣһҧڳỬĴڲ࣬ϸ۵ļڿ˱




211¡¸ǣԲ

ֶ΢ʹĸоóĺҽŰһǯƣһš
һʹŭһһѾס˳Ʈ㷢ݺݵ˵UңôúõضԸ㣡ޣһ淢ģҵš𣿺ߣ߳˵ɣһ˵߳䡣һٻʱһһڴߵĵذϣһ
һһˣϵ˸ۣ˵˳ԸеĽϣڳҽŽϣ֮ٽֻҽһȦһȦؽĽεذһ𡣡šþȫ˿ûзáһ˳ҽ֮ﲻ֪ʲôʱһλε굶ĵڵƹ֮ź⣬һſڳ㡢۵Ľϣõڳ˵˵U϶˼˵ĵ̣Ƕôϧѽߣǿؽһûǡһеĵ»оĵлԼƶţһŰ͸ɲǼò԰ˣ־ʹó˫ۡſҡſҡȻ׼飬뵽һαһħʵ޷ԣ˵벻޸߹ĳ¸ǣȻҲẦħһ˵һ굶˫ֱס˳ȫĽЦUʵ̫ˡħҪôĥҡŸģߺһһȫĽ˹ϰѹſڴϣʱĳɱڴβϣҽţγ˸ԼѨȫ¶̬
һóһͨעͲĲͲһƤܣ滹װ͸Һ壬ڳǰ˻Ρ
ȻʲôҺ壬ֱظеǲʲôö¶־岻񡣡٣٣佳˵ԸŮЧѧôߣӦ֪ʲô佳ɣһ˷ܵ˵
һŭ㡭ҡ̬ס֡һΪɿ߳ģϸ˵ҵһ»佳ƤܲĸڣȻĸҺעڣžͻᷢʵЧſɣ㡭ô̫ˡſҡ㡭̬ŤƨɱʾܣҴؽ
һᣬһְסƨɣһ־ͽͷϵƤܣ˳ĸžѨһƶ佳İ֣עҺأرһеҺ븹ɢӣʹһֶĵĸо
һע꣬γ佳ϵƤܣָڳĸžѨϣصŪšΪ¸ǵһΣرŴ㣬ֻעCCһӡһ˵űһܽ˳ĸžѨȻԱߵȴš
ʱĳСڵıʧȡ֮ǻһȸУȻȸתΪǿҵı⣬ϳųֱ͸ţʹʹغ˶϶ʹʹǿһһǿϮı⣬Ķͷ㺹죬ԭ԰׵ҲøӲɫϸСʼ΢΢Ťš
һ֪ҺãЦʵ¸ǣôšſҡáȥϴּ䡭ܵҧأʹ˵šϴּ䣡¸ȥϴּҪأô֪ҪôأһųѾܲסȫһϣѩ׵̵ⲻͣزš
ǡôô˵óڡĽš¸ǣǲѽһյųʵƴصͷǡʲôѽѽһȻҵصų롭ȥ󡭡㡭ѾٱıԵ٣٣ǻรһЦʲʲôʹŤؽ¸ⵥдȥ֮Ҿó¸ȥϲһһŵӣڳǰһ˸¼Աߡ
˵ϵݣҪ˹ȥǣѾҪþβʧȥֻˡҡǸġŮǡϲŰҲϲ˸佳͡ŪҵСѨ͸šһ¶񡭡ԱܵҷĴӽ𡭡Ϊһ˵ġūһ˿Խҡūۡκ鶼һ˵κδҪԹȵؽܡ˾Űūǿ߳ģūԺһЦԣūɲҪ˽˵Ļڸһ͡һ˵Ŵԡóһ裬ԸСĽ𣬿Լϣҽڳ֮£Ц˵ˣʹɣôԼĲһʹҡͷ˵نʹ󣡡һֱذγſڵӣǿѾõı⣬Ҳܲס
йεδһȵйϣס˵ѽūĴöࡢóĳȫ̱һĻͣšֵǣйһ˲䣬еһĪĽŸУֱӹʹһִﵽԸ߳йĴ佳ʱȫĸоǴûйġ
һĸŮǳԼ֮£ԭǿįĸԣʱʧһһ뵽ԵŮˣӽԼѹڿ³ܶԼһгϲá
һ⿪˳ϵ˳ĽԡңϸϴԼžѨ
ϴϺһֽĽشϣ޳ۻһ˫ȣſذڴβ֮ϡʱĳһڲ
һųѾĸžѨ΢΢䶯ţһ̲סʳָȥر˸ڡ
ŮǳӻеֵĴУͷһ㡭ʲô٣٣ūĸźһһָֻŸڵ⣬ֻڻָȶȣͼжָĽУһ߸ųڣĦ͹Ĳݡ
еĳظоһָڸţʹйĴţ㡭ס֡Ҫһһطĳ㽿ͻȻһ£ſ˫Ҳʼݵسӡһ֪Լҵ˳еĵشָͣش̼ţָŪţͬʱĴָ̼ų˵٣Ȼǰ˵ŮһָĽʱŤѩ׵̵š
ʱĳֱҪˣҲû뵽ԼΪʮְйٻᱻһϸмɵŪţ˵Լ廹˸оɵ룺ԼĸűŪиоѵǱ̬𣿡ϧǳʵģĿУش˵ĽѨҲֿʼʪˣεһЦѽūǱ̬ѽ㿴СѨѾʪҮšߺ죬һشֻϸϸšūôʵ̫ʺϵҵūˡһЦ˵Ҫ㡭㡭ס֡ƴҡͷ˳΢ļ糤ɢҵطţߵؽе
һİ󣬳Ūų۵ĸžѨһ֣ȴ˸еĳУӳ崫ʹȫǱȼһūȻѾʪˡû취ūɣһ˵óһ֣ס˳ˮĵ˫





212¡¸ǣԲ

һʳָָֿʪĻꡣʱ¶ʪʺɫСѨͬʱаɫҺ˳ҪҪܣ˵һʱֹͣŷһҾ徵İš
ԭһľ޴̣һ˳ѨһֻеһȰΧľ޴ݷҪڻƵġʹʹͻ˺Ѱʹʹóʣҽһ˿˳İţ޴ڳСѨس
ҧס촽ϵطʹ޵Ůͷѩ׾ӨĽͣ䶯հǿҲУʹóҵطĽʹššʹһ޴֮ͬʱҪǣһ⻬˳СͷƳۻ⣬Ȼҵ˱С¶ѡ
еݷҪһ㣬æͷƫһߣ˵ҪߣۼܾԼǣһﰵľ޴ٶȻز롣Ҫʹһ󰧺ţҲ޷һ޴ȻѨʱ˾ҵʹ˹ȥ
һ˹ȥѨľ޴㲻ٳ壬漴֣§סѩ۵Ľͷϸų͸Ḷ̌Ӷͷü˫ǡӣԼֱ޾׵մȾԼһҺȻݣһͷƤֱ顣šܵһͷĴ̼طһ̣˹һ֪ѾתѣĶ䣬ֻ京ͷĶ
ֻоݷһǿҵĵֱӳԲȫҪҪáܡһסŤͷţһ֪ԼѾҵ˳ϵдǸһŤԼĥų˵١
ǿҵĹܴ̼ϵؿϮųĽȫ˻һ㡭มҪมҪมมһʱ죬ٽִس۾ϣڳѨľ޴ֿʼеĵطѾһסҲ޷ֻֿſ޳ȣһйֻΪҽ뽾һĿת䡣ššมมѾȫΪŮ˵ܸ߳Уҵؽţɬͦƽ¸Ť۵⣬Ŭӭһ޴ĳ塣
һľ޴ٴεҳ壬ʧȥ΢΢ſС죬زţƬ촽֮͸ѣڹߵ֮⡣ʱһ˫Ҳûţͣųͦĺͷ͸еԵѩ׽顣
Ϊ֣ǰһƬڿйȫڱһĲλʹĹܸоǿҡͬʱ춽νţ޷ĻʹóһĪ˷߳춹Ťųѩ۵ĽӸ롣
һгļɣҪһԼռУޡŮˡʱŮǳԺѾһƬհף֪ԼѾ˷׷Ůˣͣؽţֵĸоมม١һ㡭һȥ֮õĳٴδﵽ˻ĸ߳ʪխСѨйҺһ޴ǰ˵Ĺͷϣڳϵ鴤Σݷ˱һ޴һ㣬ǿҵĿУʹһһеþȫ塣ūСѨʵ̫ˣûǡġһÿһ³壬ײųӹ߷塣ˡҡมมҪйˡมüСݽҧ̺촽Ťѩ׵̵⡣ҲǡūСѨеúýһͷĳ壬һ߷ų㺹ĽһߴڴϢ˵
ͻȻѩ׵һͦѨص鴤ţϸСϵزţͬʱϲõĽššมСһӳѨĳ鴤оѾﵽ˸߳Ǿ޴ӽس壬ͦһ£ڳѨŨľҺ԰޵Ůǳһ߿Ľл˹ȥ̶̵νһóŮɵߵŮǱ˽εε԰ū
һҺ֮󣬳ʪխСѨȻ˱סһ޴ݷҪȫÿһεľҺһؼһ޴š
һڳỬĽϣڴؽҿ˳۲ֻߺ죬Ľëϵزţܸ߳ϡ
һ˳ˮߺһ£ڳĶԣ˵ҵūûأټɣһس޴뿪˳ỬĽ߽ԡңԡڷˮٵһЩ㾫ͣһɺһ߻طؿڴϻ˯ĳһؽһͷɢҵ㷢ãţ㽫Ľᱧ
Ůǳھղһļ֮Ѿǻ˯ʧȥ֪ˣȫȻ֪һҪԼȥ
ʱһųԡҺԡȺһ൱İĦԡףȻһȴû°Ħԡףųߵһԣ㽫
һ˵ģһƿԡҺƿڳĽϣһͷŴˮǿˮ㼤һͷԸеĽЩˮ㼤䵽Ľϡ
Щˮˢ󣬽ѹˣȻǿˮŪ۾ҲŲʹóվҲվֻڽŽʹؽкҪ䡭Ȼһȴδʹؽк˵ҵİūϴǬ壬ҺúƷɣһ伤ҵˮ󣬳ѱŪٴεصϣŵҪ㡭Ұɡʱһصˮˮεĳ㽿߽˰ĦԡȥȵĴ̼תҵֿ˳һ§š
һỬĽýģʹãʱһڳĶ˵ҵūղź𣿡ĳֻ΢΢˵มء㡭㵽׻ءءҰһһųỬķ۾һЦ˵ֻ㳤ôô÷Ź㰡ŹҰɡء㡭ŹҰɡءһĻš
һİ󣬽ӵŻ㼡˫ȤϣָƣͣٴŮǳĽҲΪ̫ƣ˯ȥ
ԼСʱ֮һ˫ۣرųĽվʪܵ߳ԡңصԷ
һԸеĽڴϣ⿪˽ڽϵóһһ˫סһϵ˫Ҳ̲סߣ˿ûãȳƶԵø޳⻬ѩ۵ļڵƹĳ֮£Եø͸ӨףԾ㷢ں˳ɢڱ󣬳㽿δǬˮ飬Ϊ覵޵ĺԸС
һΧųԸеĽת˼ȦݷһƷȻӰ˳ǰͷ׼ỬĽ




213¡˫һ

㡭ҪҪҡҪŮǳˣͷϣܱܿӰľͷ
һ̧˳ѩ򦣬ʹλӰľͷUžͷһίŮǣһ¼Ӱһкܶ˸ȤġһΪԼֻ¶ۡǡڵͷף¼ӰİȻھͷǰİųỬĽ
λӰˣ¼Ӱĺƿʼһһ¼¾ͷǰÿһӡҪţʱطݵ͸ӨĽһħ֮΢΢زš
һڳỬĽϣÿһ缡һǣˮߺеĶ䡢۹⻬ķ۾覵硢ŮҸ¡СɾµĶԼѩ׵̵⡭
סһ߳༼ͣҡͷ趯ʪܵں㷢ĽҪ㡭һͷͣų۵㼡վڳĽ棬˫ִӳҸ´ͦأķָʳָųۺ콿۵Сͷ
Ůǳѩ۽ͦθţһİ֮ľӨˣҲĻԲˡһλУֱĸоһͨĴԣȻۡɫѩ׵飬ӽԺֻɬͦһһ˵ǰ
һؽһ˫ѩ۽м伷ѹγһ鹵һָдţһ캬סͦΰĽ飬ͷŵɫΣҧŽСµСͷ
쳣СͷĿһŪֻûݷ𴥵һ㣬̲סſԸеС죬˳U𡭡มมҪһ˿ûͣµ˼ָסۺ콿۵СͷԭСͷܿؾͳѪͦˡ
Ůǳһüʪ㷢ţỬĽϵŤţҲʼʹ಻İU㡭มҪŪˡҡܲˡˡมมมµĽΪһĥԵ糺죬ˮܽذḶ̌˲֮顣
ϧһƺΪֹߵ̬һֹԣסĽ۵Сͷݷ뽫ǳһ㡣ʹʹ󡭡㡭Ұɡʹ㺹죬ԸеĽ񵯻һˣѩ׽۵أŬǰͦϣܼһСͷʱľʹ
һ˫ֽҸ£۰׵ļûһҸëһָͷػԲȦͷϸš󡭡㡭ҡġܲˡۺ콿۵СͷϣʹлδȫʧҸִ޷ܵš
һ׵۰׵Ҹº󣬽˫ֻ˳ϸСƽ̹Сһеÿһ㼡ҲʱõƬ̵ĴϢᡣ
ʱѾȫɥʧ˵ֿ޷ֹһԼĴݲַֻǾؽԼ޳ۻһ˫Ƚһ
Ůǳ޴ƣ¶һħǰһǰס˳ỬĽһλӰľͷϵؼ¼⼫龰
ڼžҵɳĽȥỬߣԵˣٰʪ㷢ѩ׼ı£ںм䣬һιÿһ˵
һƵĶųĳ㽿ϵױȵĽһ׽ס˳ۻŽף޳ĴȽٸߣ֮صش¶ھͷ֮ǰ΢ë֮£ֳƬۺ콿۵СƬ֭£һصĽأΪŮ㻬ѨѨϷ˴ε١
Ľһİ£Ѿǲ塢ˣѩ׾ӨĽѾߺḶ̌أ͸¶ҵ̬㻬ѨеҺ˳޳ۻҽţ
һŽָѨпѨԺ۵Ѩⲻʱ¶Ҫมม߽Ľš
һ޳ۻȣԼļϣȻֽųͦΰĽ飬ŷۺ콿۵Сͷһֻּڳ㻬֭Ѩϣʳжָسš
ϣеĲλͬʱһħ²ţɵýҧŰСݣҵĽ˫ץסϵָΪȵףǿҵĸйٴ̼ʹóɣáܡ
ʱ˿̣ԺһƬģ˹ȥֻǱܵĽũUءҪม㡭มŹҰɡมҪͻȻ֮䣬һĲҽĽͦѩ׵ҵز漴˹ȥ
ԭһһųĽһѾĵڳԼȵľ޴׼㻬֭Ѩóʱͽ޴ݺݵز˽ȥ
һ˫ųϸС޴һһµسųѨѨȻôؽůۣһ޴ؼųѨײŹ⻬ӹڡʹһ޴ֱļ֮£ʹѹһ˹ĳų㻬խСѨʹס֡ҰɡֻԼСѨݷ𱻷צ˺ţԳܵľʹʹó棬˻ߵؿ޺š
һ޴ǿеĲ룬ʹóԵİסһ޴һ޴ÿһγ壬˺Ѱľʹͣؿ޺ţҵصڷ䡱ϰͣؾΡšˬʵ̫ˬˣҵūСѨʵ̫ꡭ̫ˣһĴЦţ޴ڳ㻬֭Ѩš
ҿٵĳ壬ʹóѨڳҺĽ˳ëܿؾͱȾʪˣһϵĲλҲΪմ͸Һʪˣڵƹ֮·ҵĹ
һĨһҺͿĨڳͦΰĽϣȻץų򦣬ʪָܵ쵽СߣǿȳԼҺһؼųѨƺɳ޴صسʱҲؼˣĿ޺ҲرšมมһݷԶƣƵģӵųӨĳ㽿ţ޸߰ŮǳѾȫȫһˡˡʹƺѾûпʼʱôˣŮԵıܵĿУȻһѾ֮ˣֻһΪذڲʱΨһϣǽһ̾쵽
ʱѾֹˣг˳Ľݷֻʣ˽ʱײһųѩ׷Ľ飬ڳӭӸ߳ĵһ޴ڳѨſ˳ۺɫ۵С
һһĸо󣬴ŨҺȵľҺʱ˳ѨŨҺע˳ӹԭеҺھ޴ỬѨ֮Ŀ϶УȻٻ˫֮䡣һ޴һξҺ֮Ѹٵشӳ㻬֭Ѩ˳ȥɵطһ̾Ϣ
һóԿףֽ⿪˳ϵҲֲ֧סˣԸн̱һĻʱļľ˳ȫܵĥ߳ܣʽܳܵأ˳صһĻܿͻ˯˹ȥ




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һճյؿųֱĿѣҡʹֻҪͻҪռռһξͻҪڶΣ츳ȴΪһһֹѡ
һʵǱỬĽԵһ˱ŵֱۣĳ㽿˳Ʈݵĳϸ۰׵ֱϣסĵطŵĺɫۼѨȸдƨϣ˾Һγɵİ߰ա
һԡһëΪȥѩ׽ϵۼðëʪÿһ㼡һĳ㽿ѾԵùˡ
һ뵽Ư˶춳ΪԼĽԼԼ֣һʵ˷ĪUֻҪռеŮˣûһòġһԸеĳ㽿˹ȥóһ˫ѩסٷһһµأһ˫ѩỬĽ飬á
Ůǳһݲе͸֧ɻ˯šһ˫޳ۻȣ䵽ǰͷϵڳϸ׵Ľϡ
˫űסۣʹѩ׵̵̧߶ʮ֣ü΢Ȼ˯šһظŪų㻬֭ѨԸëһذ¼ëСһ߲Ƭۺ콿۵СԼıӴյýģųѨȵζ㡣춳˵ѹȵԷһĵ̣ʱŮǳ˹ҵūˣһЦ
Լ󸿳˲ƣֵؽе㡭ҪʲôſңڿʼҪúõص㣬ճΪūһһ߰ųѨһߴЦ˵šҪԼʵ̫ѿһӺ濴ܿΪŮˣ˽ܵĲλȫ¶һۺ۵ĸžѨ̲סָͷ˽ȥꡣҪŵ㺹ֱԸеĳ㽿ϵزţʹʧİšһЦ˵ôԲҪأԹ佳Ҫ˵һЩҿĵĻҪ佳㲻Ը͡٣٣٣һĻȫĺëĽš٣٣٣˵ȫˣǲǣһˮߺڳĶ˵
޵ŮѾǿҵԸǼǿĸԣҲһ޴ļ±ŮĽᡣ󣡸˵ĻҶ̹ˣҾʵĽŻ滹ϣ벻ҹͬðһ˵󣬱ָͣͷꡣ㡭ҵġѨϰĦɡŪ˵Ϊֹѩ׵̵⣬Ѿֿ޵ĳ̶ȣ΢΢زţ˵һǿҪ˵Ļ
һָ⹵ڽ۵ĸžѨ꣬Ҵĸо˵ĳνһˡūںҡūҪȥˡһָĸžѨʼʽʱ϶ĽؿʼŤǷ⡣Ҫңָڸʲôоһ̵˵šūҸָڰɡңϸСͣͦŤٺٺ٣˵ҲŪָ˵ӣһָͷڳĸžѨתţͬʱ˵ЦءءԸžѨԸеɦ̲סŤƨšһˡһѾͨ죬ͬʱҡڡʲô𣿡һʵѾˡū佳ɡءء˵֮󣬸꼸±ȽϺãԺȽ佳٣٣٣һ̵ЦˡūɡѾˡ졭ĸź¿Ļ΢΢¡
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֪ʲôɵʵ⡭ʲôһЦװģһִҩֻֽҪһ㣬ʲôŮҸ֮ڱŮ֤Ч٣٣СమѾԹˣ⼫ˣһ˵֮󣬱ڳ۵ĸϲһ㡱Ҫı٣٣ѾˣҩϾͻʵĿĸоһǸˡ٣٣٣һָͷڳžѨ˵ЩаĻ
һ˵ĻǿŵĻԣ̲ܲ˵ɦСޡܡมมһоɦԺԽԽǿңʵûа취ĲҧСݣ뷢Ϊ̲סϮعܸܣ⣬ʼ˵ҡˡٺ٣㻹𣿲ʱʱҪǸһЦڳֻ뵽ɦʲôáܲ취ɡܲ˷еĺСһԺЦһ£üߣʵҪֶ𣿡ܲ졭һҰɡ಻ԣš˵Ҫżߣһ֪ʡҪʹūżˡһҰɡѾˡ٣٣ҪأһʣһҪش𡣡ءءҪĥˡءڡūġɡʱѾ߳ϣΪһ׷ŮˡŶĸ𣿺٣٣٣ĺϲŪţԲԣһ׽ʵԡһɣūϲŪšܲˡˡءʹغޡһһһЦţһü߶׼۵ĸžѨһһ룬ʹżһޡޡžѨȲ˱סĶӳ̲סĵĽٺٺ٣Ϳ˰ɣһûһӾͲ嵽ףʹеꡣҪˡҪһ㡭㽿㺹죬ĽҲʼ²̲ס˻š
һպøżߣʼĸžѨʹһ㡭ߵķ⣬ϵŤţӣС΢΢ſšʹ࣬ܿؾͻĿУһ佳ʱĸ߳ˡһһ˵ţһѹסŤѩ⣬žѨ




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ֻ佳ҺѸٵ˳ĸžѨżߵʹĳ㽿ŲĿšมѩ׵̵⣬羷ΰţ㺹һһεʧȥ֪
佳ѵʱӳĸžѨﻹЩ΢佳ҺĥһһҲû
佳йȻֲ߼佳ĴΣѹֳһܶѾˣû뵽˵Ŀ޽СһЦţͷĸžѨ
ͺ֤ղŵ佳жôǿңԾſĸžѨ䶯ţԵ÷ǳģȻˣرˮĵ˫û˵
һóһƿӤͣȽԼ֧Ůηľ޴Ϳһ㣬ٽӤ͵ڳѩ׵̵ϣذࡣٺ٣ʵ治ҵūԶȡķǳʺϡһһ߽մӤ͵ָĸžѨһЦ˵
ȡ⵽ʲô˼ԳԣȻǱȵģǱϾһԼף϶ѾһˣѲˣΪʲôһ˵Ҫȡ׵أ
ʱһҲȫ㣬Լ強ֿ˫֮䣬ǸƵ弸ȫġ㡭ʲôɵʵ٣٣ҪȫȫֻңΪһȫռеŮˣ㶮˰ɣһЦ˵
һ˫ֽֿ޴ס۵ĸžѨҽͷŪžѨѨڡҪҪʱ֪һͼ֮㽿ʼսкšһѾ̫ˣһͦľ޴Ѿ۵ĸžѨ֮ڡҪԡĸžѨڱһ޴ǿţỬĽҵŤţһͷںɢҵ㷢ͣšūǵһλ˰ɣѾŵˡһǷ˵Ҫʹİš
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һԼ޴ûιȥ˷ܵؿ˵ҵġūСλѾȫҵˣаգֻҪζҲ벻ˡһͣ³ĶſڳԸеĳ㽿ϣͷųˮ۲԰׵
˴Լʮӣһⷢһ̣Ƶ˹ҵġūˣҵȵúÿడһʵءءҰɡʹİšȫ޷̺СӣˮһͣźŴƴĴʹֻϣһءҪʹŶСݽҧ´ͣšʹתܲ˵ˬ죡ūĸô̫ˣһõ˵
һʱûκζռгĸţһ˵ĵһ£ĿϮԼܲĸžѨ֮Уָо㡢񫼫ˡ
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ŮǳḺ̌ø԰ˣҵţܲˡʹءءءʱһһųĶһƣظųԸеĳ㽿ʼһһµϸе񾭡ҶˡžѨһ޴ŵ˺ѿǿֲĸо˳顣ϻúˬˣҵūһյЦţ޴ͣسųĸžѨĽһĳ壬ͣҡţѩϸ۵ؽ飬ѪŵĲءҪʹѿˡҡͷԼ㺹ˮһҺϣմżɢҵķ˿üͣرš
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һֿϵƨɣ㻬֭ѨŨҺѷģۻشڲһƬʪỬһ޴ǰ˷͸ҺųĽ۵Сĥųǿ˵ķۺ١ܡҪȫδ֪Ŀ־УŮǳ飬ˮߺ
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һ޴ʱ顢ɦУʼ֧ųǣ̲סʼŤϸСʱ޴ز嵽ѨͷʼҵײųеӹһһϢĸ߳
һǸɺ޵ľ޴ųδ˵ǿҴ̼ǳʧһ֮ǰδйľ飬Ƶشš
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һؼӿٶȣغнĻڳʪϣż˵С٣ǼŮǳ߿ŶˡҿˡūˡมƴҡͷŤŰ޵Ľš
Ůܵ裬йٱһ޴Ȼױȵ쳣߳ԺһƬҡ
ǣʱǱڵĵԣȷʵڿٵѿеͬʱйʹ֮УʼеϵĹܿУҧСݣĵѩ׽𽥵رܵĿ֮Уسȥ
ҪӿҲû취Ϊǰ˵޽ţֻһļһ˫쵽ͦϣࡢ˫ֵѩ۽飬ʱᵯųǿŽ۵СͷͷҲûţزͣų׻㼡㺹ĳĺ飬ȫ
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ӲеġมͣมΪؽиоมԡ˵ٴλһܵĲβѹģѾ延ļޣһĵ󣬻˹ȥŵζǺðǡūرζһδ侫ľ޴ųĸžѨ˵
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ȻŤɢģʹһһʰ˷ܣҪǰĽһһͲ壬һ氮ųԵѩ۽飬޵СｿѨڵҺһ޴˳ޱȡ
ųüƵεεѾ͵ͨ죬һо㻬֭СѨؽԼ޴˱סһ쳣˷ܵζϮͷ˵ˬ졣Ťβ㣡һų۵Сͷ˵һ̵ľ޴ѾŮǳ߳˺飬ֱӼŽѩ۽Ĺܡ
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һ޴ڳ΢΢ſ̺챡ϲţ漴С죬֧޴ȥֱָԪһС޳˫֮䣬Լľ޴׼СѨһ嵽סʱִŮҽʱŮĽ䣬ҹδͣ
˳͸СһͻһȻֵ˼㣬ȻһҲûʱĽ֥˵ѾȫĳһĴ󼦰֮£ôܾһҪء
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绰ͷ˵û£ҪһһȻ֪Լʲô˼ˣ´ӦʮԺһ
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ֻʣһۺɫǿãС͸ǰһǲպøмǿëӿܵ棬мԼԿһ蹵õƨɺ棬һߣսη죬û뵽ׯȻôԸеڿ㣡
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ǮúȻеһȫһ˿ңһȵصѹԼֵϣһִӲĻ̵ضԼСϣŮһšһ֣ߵøˣţطš
һ溬סǮõһֻѩ۵飬˱ۺ콿۵⣬һֻסǮõһֻͦ۵꣬һḧǮǰϸۡӨ͸ѩ崿ߵľɫϸỬƽСֱŮǮõ
һȶߵǮС̺ӣʼ˵ĵһκ߽дǮ޹ǵĽᱡǮľرֻǮ֣ȵḧòɫĴŮǽ۵
ǮԺһƬհף使ޣ޷һڶĽŮǿŽɬķĲһֻŮǽյ̺м䣬һΡΡӨ塢͸ճİҺԽԽ࣬һ¶Ǯõճһ֡
Ǯý㣬ߺ죬֪ΪʲôԼʪ˷ֿǮú߽еȣֳִͦһǮõѹȥ
ǮͻȻӿȵѹƴ˦ǸڲġߡǾ޴µĻȵġߡմǮճҺŮʪһƬ˳ùͷסǽնĽ΢һͷѷֿƬ۽ʪһһͦ˶ԲĹͷѼʪ妻ȵĽǮõڡ
šҪھɫòĴü塢תУǰһͣ˶ԲĹͷѴǮ塭
ʹʹšҪǮüһ壬һߵ䣬ᡭյĹܺʹǮõƽɫ崿ĺʹУؽ뵽Ǯڡ
ǻӲ߽ǮǡŽʼΪĽխСһִδйļȵˬǮû֣ĳʵʥࡢڵÿһռ䡣
һ뵽Լʥ֮ѱռУǮֻеޱȵɬѿ޿κεطķǮý̺ߡκ죬ΣǸڵľ޴ꡱȵسʵѸеֵķĺͼįľ
㡭㡭㡭Ǯý߽ǮʪУ˫ָǮϸ˿ỬƳľӨѩͷǮǽۼֵͦ⡭
Ǯ޳񻬡ѩۻԲḧͣŮ۵ĴȸŮǮõ٣ݸҧǮ̺콿۵⣬Ǯõĺת٣ʺ콿޵ӣֿ֣ʼת۵ͷѪӲͦԼǽǮýխСڵҲԽԽֳʼǮʪ鶯
㡭ššǮý㣬ߺ죬պؽתǴδԹг弤
崿߿˵ľɫ֬ϸĽĳ鶯һһµ䶯Ӧ˶ļ塣
˴ǮõгߣǮƬ۽ʪĥ˼£ͻȻضǮõӿ˽࡭
ᡭᡭ㡭ššᡭᡭ㡭šᡭᡭ㡭š𴿽ཿ߻ȵ䣬ס崿Ǯ÷ĺߡڣ⻬ѩͦӭϣתл
ššššᡭᡭ㡭šᡭᡭһ㡭Ǯý̺κ죬ؽתֻǮ̺콿СȴŵĿɰǾ޴ߵĴֱһɹʪճĻҺǮǽĴİҺˮʪһƬǮǽխСгٶºڿʼҲس̡
šᡭᡭ㡭ššᡭ㡭šᡭᡭһ㡭òɫ崿˵ŮǮõдֱؽÿһ¶ֱǽխ۵ײ˶ԲĴӲͷǺݺݵضŮ۵ӹϡ
ŮĿ籩ݲУǿ׵òǮŮҽԽԽ
Ǯñ̡ýתأ˽§סǮһ˿ҡ⻬ϸǮóѩ׵Լ壬ֺضǮûȽʪĽСסǮǽ߿ˡỬӹڣһڵֱǮİ۵ӹڡ
ǮñĳҲһΡ鴤ҲزǴֱȻխǽʪճĤһ˱ƵĲơ
Ů޳񻬵ѩ͵𡢽ֱҲİӹһճıǮýߺ죬Σߵؽ񴭡
ѹŮ޹ǡһ˿ҵĽϢһ̧ͷµλɫͨĽ̡ӲͦĽͦͷۺ첪ͷŵ㺹ϢаһҸȼƽϵĸ߳лϸϸǮúȻеǱԼڣʪİҺήһֽ̧ͷͦء




228¡˶

Ǯý߲һٴνִǮýСУǮõڳšᡭ㡭šɫ崿˵ľɫǮòɵֿʼת
ѩһ˿ҵŮ䶯ͦӭĽ롢崿߿˵ľɫһαˡ
Ъ˻§Ǯǽࡢ⻬壬Ǯе͸֧޵صʹѩķ۾˵ĻУᰮǮ޹ǡѩʥ壬Ǯ޵´밲οǮúܿͽ硭
ڶ죬һʱǮϰȥˡ߽ǮõĸܺڳܺѾʮͷŮȻһʮٸһģ縡͹ȡܺıһٸֶһɳŮ˵ζ
һ֡һͶ㶼ɢһֳеĸŶׯʡŴǮöһλ崿ɫĸܺĸǷ˴Լš
ֺڵŨ˵üӣ͸Ľ˯£һ˫ȻͦŭĶ֣䣬޵Ķһڵ𷼲ݡÿڸѰ׾
룬ȻǮѱܺҲܷŹܺתʱǰһ˫һһ§סܺĵϸһƹõŭ飬ѽܺĽס
ܺһУ䣬һŨҵĺζֱ͸ķΣһϤ衢ִӲĴضɺ󡭡̺˵Ƭӣвɵ÷һ䡣ܺһ˲使ԴǮһһȥѾܾûָоˣһƬհף֪ںδ·ص˴ǰɷһʱ⡣
ڻСһûܺģһָֻűĴ˯סһֻͦḧһֻÿܺĵ˯£ȥ񻬽۵һţĶ£ܺĵĴȸȻһڿ㣬ܺĻǱýԼ
šãѸеܺĵڿ͸һȵʪز֪ʲôʱʪһСţܺɵڲϵ̵ܺıѡ
˿Ұذܺ޹ǵĽܺѹһᱡ˾һһߺá
ĳɼ䣬ѱܺĽ߽ңһţȻܺĽѹ£ܺ׹󣬿ʼƴ󣬿ֹʱ⿪ܺĵ˯ۣڿ㣬һ߾Өѩס񻬡Ůľ¶
˽ѹסܺһ˿ҵĽ壬캬סܺĵĽͦ˱һֻסܺһֻͦŭ꣬һֻ־ܺĵаܺĽߺ죬Σޣһ־ΥҪԽԽǿҡ
һһճҺܺĵǱͦ۵̺ԲٽӲͦ
һϥһֿܺĽеİ۴ȣǰͦصľ޴մܺҺȻ󻺻壬̽˵ؽڣܺĵȻԺܽխعǻȵĲ֮ܺ͡ĵĻܺĽխʱ̲ܺסʼתˡ
š㡭Եİšܺκ죬Σɫ̽ؽᴭ
˵ܺխнһʼ黺ššᡭ㡭šᡭᡭ㡭šššᡭᡭһ㡭ܺĵн𽥼ӿ˽࣬ԽԽݣҲԽԽ
ššᡭᡭ㡭šᡭһ㡭šܺıýתѩסһ˿ҵĽȵ䶯ͦӭĳ
ššܺĽߺ죬Σغ߽䡣ڣʮӺֳִľ޴ضסܺߴ¶ۻסߵӹһɹ̵ľҺֱܺľúӹ
ܺһΡ£Ҳǿ߳й˫ﵽ꽻ļָ߳ܺĽᣬ㺹죬κ죬ϣ˽§ڻ˯ȥ
۾ʱֻһղŵ꽻ţܺĲɵֽκ죬ɬԺһƬհףֻѩ׵Ĵϡ޳ѩ׵ȼ䣬߰ߣҺǽһƬȻֵߵֻŽš߽ԡңسϴŻ߰ߵ壬·Ҫӹﶼϴһ㡣
ϴ˿ԡ߳һţֱӺرסˡܺĽ§ţǸֳִֵĴֽصѩɣɵһ˱ϲľɫǸճԡɢ·Ľ壬ڿеĲմɳϡ⿪˵ԡۣܺһ˿ҵ¶ѩ׾Ө޹ǵ塣
һܺĹɳϣѩθ߸˱סܺķѩΣ˫ַֿܺĺ߽е޳ȣɹܺĵı󽫹ͷཱུⶴڡѽһޱ˵ͦͦǰһִ̣Ӳܺխײش̽ܺĵڡ
ڸձһܺĵ쳣Уܺȼգ̲סššᡭһ㡭šܺκ죬ӣֺ߽䣬ȽΪֿʼСг
һΰܺļýתһΰѾɫܺĶܺҺɳϣǽ߰ߡ
Ӵ˺Լﳤռм崿Ǯãڼգֳﵽܺͬǧġòɫĳٸýת
ȻܺĵļĸŮ֣һȴǲ㣬ΪܺĸŮûһ̺ԼҪͬʱǮĸŮζ֪ɫߣ˶Ը⡣
Ǯõĸ֪ǮúĹϵȻԸ⣬һŮӣôأǮĸŮϴ裬һԸճˮܽأȻǮõĸױǮô˶ʮ겻ֹڱãȥһԽã崿ɫ
Ǯö˵ҽĸ˯һǮò֪ѽܺǿмŪ˶ΡΪĸ˯һ𣬾ܶɫǹɧš
˵ûϵȣӦõġ˵űԼȥԡϴ衣ϴһܺĵķŽգǰţ˵ҰҺ֮鴫ȥ͸Ͽ쿪ţҪǿǺܺĺǮ˻ʧɫֻȥŴ򿪡һϵһˣ໥ˣǮðͷĸ׻һӣǮ֪ĸŮһӲһļ
һ״ҲͲסǰߺǮñڻţְѽ޵ܺķǮõߡ
УǮĸŮûзΪ֪ûõģҪǵӣͱ˺öΣٷʲôء
λ˵м䣬ֱַƸһ㱡˿˯סǮúܺĵһ˫ͦ塭šǮýߵһ̣һߺ𡭡𡭡š֡㡭š̺˵Ƭӣвɵ÷һ䡣ܺһ˲һƬհףܺĽߺ죬ޡһֱ⿪Ǯúܺĵ˯ۣǵ˿ڿ£߾Өѩס񻬵ľ




229¡ĸŮһ

ִֻǮúܺİ۽วţĽ
ͦŭ壬ôһ࣬ɵ彿ĽޡţĶ£ǵ񻬽۵һϸ֫ǻԲϸĴȣǽյĴڲ࡭
ššｿߺ죬ŤŽߵš
˵СǺԽԽءԽԽ٣˶ߵرԼλðĴ۾һųаǮþɫ޵Ļ̣Ǯʺ۵ӣǮýߵһ̣һߺ'𡭡š֡㡭
һһںסһֻŮ飬Ǯòɵý㡭һֻסܺͦŭว
Ǯúܺͬʱššһ˵ܺߣ۵ĴȷֳM͡
һ졢ٸ˵չǰһܡһٸһƬŨܵëɭְʵηֲ顢۵Ĵм䣬΢΢¡ϣۺ졢ʺ񡢻ĴѾֿ¶ۺɫĻ۵С΢΢ڡ
Ѿˡܺĵٸе㣬Ѫǣ̧ͷȥٸ졢
ܺĵʱܺĻһֿܺĵͷܺĻţȻ˫סܺѾͦ綹ޢСɡٹ˱ţɫܺŤŰ۵ķţšһɫζ͸Һܺĵʳ
ǣԱ崿Ǯñĸ׵͵͵ĸױһ档һ̧ͷǮãֻǮȫ壬ɵ硢µ壬ѩỬķ⣬δӯһյĴȣ֫ɽ壬мͻŴԲϡ꣬滹΢յ顣ڵϰ룬һƶС١һУһ׵ԭʼͼ
һѸ뿪ܺĵ壬ֿǮõȣǮõزǲŸС̰˱Ļһֱ˱Ǯõ٣ҲŪʱİѹС챦ʯ˱ĸӾӵĺʱҧŪСԲܡ
׵زǮƬеԵСǷۺɫԵַ۷ۣһЩʪʪģڻ䶯òˣ
ҪǮõܵİŪŮһ'š'һǮý֣ߵøˡһ'š'һǮý֣ߵøˡ
ҲƲסԼסѪӿͦӲֿǮú߽еȣͦǮõѹȥ
ŮʪһƬ˳ùͷסǽնĽ΢һͷѷֿƬ۽ʪ
һһͦ˶ԲĹͷ''ʪ妻ȵĽǮõڡ'š'ھɫòĴŮü塢תУǰһͣؽ뵽ǮڡǮý̺ߡκ죬ΣǸڵľ޴'ȵسʵѸе''ֵķġ'ľ''㡭㡭㡭
Ǯý߽ǮʪУ˫ָǮϸ˿ỬƳľӨѩͷǮǽۼֵͦŮ⻨١
Ǯ޳񻬡ѩۻԲḧͣŮ۵ĴȸŮݸҧǮ̺콿۵''⡭Ǯõĺת٣ʺ콿޵ӣֿ֣ʼת
۵ͷѪӲͦԼǽǮխСڵҲԽԽֳʼǮõխС鶯1'㡭㰡š
Ǯý㣬ߺ죬պؽתг弤崿߿˵ľɫ֬ϸĽĳ鶯һһµ䶯Ӧļ塭һǮõгߣضǮõӿ˽࡭'ᡭ㡭šššᡭ㡭šššᡭ㡭衭衭ܺŽ۵Ů˼˵ͣһᣬˡһܺĽ΢΢̬ˣͶܺ˵ãȺһᣬȻǮáطſǮã§סܺһ˿ҡ⻬ϸܺĳѩ׵Լ壬ֺضܺĻȽʪĽСܺĽ߻ȵ䡭
ס崿Ĵܺķĺߡڣ⻬ѩͦӭϣתл'ššššᡭ㡭šᡭᡣһ㡭
ܺĽ̺κ죬ؽתֻ̺ܺ콿СȴŵĿɰǾ޴ߵĴֱһɹʪճĻҺܺǽĴİҺˮʪһƬ
һصĲ룬ܺҲ·һ󼱴ٵĲҲĽģѾֱˡܺĹͷҲǱ캬סһױȵĿסĺг
һɫܺխСĽкݺݳٶ£ɫܺĿ籩ݲСšᡭ㡭šһ㡭ŮҡŮҡššǮסһǮǽ۵ӣһȥַĸ׵ĸϿĸ뿪
ǮñסǮͨ죬ĺ촽΢ţ³ȵϢṇ̀촽סǮһ㴽
ʱǮúӦӣ΢ţȻϴͷһͽ˳ŮӣСԵҪŮ౴΢΢ҧ߽УɫݹȻ
һϽջᣬһǮõĶСⲻסŪǮҲʼʶطӦϸС㴼ķۺ̽Ե΢΢ӭϣͷһӴͿʼ˱
»ĶСڣˡŮе˿˿ķθ֫ʹеһԭʼҪ
ŮĶ㣬˱ţŪţǮɢ¶˫ʹĦŮ۵ӣ
ǮõӣΣȣһ˫ˮգ¡о纣鼰۵Ľߡššһתʱ̴٣ʱĽ䣬Ǯġ𷼲ݡأָǮëһ꣬ǮñŪ÷ߺ죬ӣС콿šššһճİҺҲǮõʪһ֡
һᣬ߳㣬ҲѳֲסǮðڳɹڴϵӡǮԸеԲθ߸𣬽߿ˡỬۺ۴Ӻ¶žӨȪˮ
һ׼ǮõٴΰߴڣѩسţСײƨƬϷžž''ҲزǴֱ'''Ȼ'ǽʪճĤһ˱ƵĲơ




230¡ĸŮ

Ǯôʱ㺹죬ȫ緢ƵˣԭҲͷϣʱصȫѾûһˣҪβſڴˡ
㡭Ǯýߺ죬Σߵؽ񴭡š
ɫ崿˵òŮǮòɵֿʼתѩһ˿ҵŮ䶯ͦӭĽ롢
崿߿˵ľɫһαˡʱһܺ˵ҲźãŮһƣŮֻܲ˵ġ֪ܺǮÿֲסˣֻǮ߹ã߸ΣȴĲ롣
γǰͦصľ޴ӲմǮҺ˫ܺĵԲΣܺ޳ȷֿξӨ¶麬ߵĹԵĺɭϣһİַŴӲ˹ܺʪڴදżͷ̽СۺڣǾǲ룬ǹܾܺȫֱвϵĽתҪĵز
ʱѵֿɫòܺĻ彿Ȼܺĵ壬ٴ̽ܺĵؽɫòܺڡ
ɫòܺĵعǻȵ'֮'ɫòĵܺķĺߡڣ⻬ѩͦӭϣתл
ܺĵ''ܺĽխʱɫò̲ܺסʼתˡ'š㡭šܺκ죬Σɫ̽ؽᴭ
һܺխнһʼ黺'ššᡭ㡭šᡭ㡭šššᡭһ㡭
绨ܺĵн𽥼ӿ˽࣬ԽԽݣҲԽԽššᡭ㡭
ɫòܺıýתѩסһ˿ҵĽȵ䶯ͦӭĳ'ššܺĽߺ죬Σغ߽䡭
ʱһһֲֻûпУֱָӸס崿Ǯûȹ̵Ľָ۽յỮţȥȥָ׽ǮýխСʪ妵ڡ
ǿҵĴ̼£Ǯ÷һƬհף֪ںδֻһƬܵ𡣵˵ָǮǽխСг鶯һǮ͵̲סȫһΣӹһɹӿİҺڣֶմˡ
ɫòܺĺ崿Ǯ˶ᣬ㺹죬κ죬ϣߢ
ܺĺǮ֮š۵ŪС߳һᣬһ̫ۣǺܾˣͬʱܺĺǮãþɫòܺ泯ɺã崿߿˵ǮõǮãſĸ׵ϣ崿Ǯý૵"ԵġԵġ˵ҪװˣղŶŪø߳ڻװʲôѽ崿Ǯ֪ûõģֻܽ߶˳ӵſ˹ȥֻĸϺزԼһ͸ķۺɫ֪ŮԸ߳е󡣾ɫòܺĴʱһ˫ˮۿǮáһƬǼСմ˰ɫҺ壬ëճһһģۺɫŴʱſһӣǱĴŵġ
崿ǮúߵſĸϡʱܺǮ£Ǯֿȹܺĵ棬һһŮһ
ɫòܺ棬崿ǮõԲƨӺͷȥܺĺǮôƣ˵Ľ¾Ƭ͵ɼѨˣɫ֭ڲͣӿ
˽۵Č¿˳ã⸱ӲĴӲ㣬ַסǮ˵ϸ׼Ǯõی¶ڣӲ㳤ֱ룬̣̣سͣǮõҲһһŰĽ࣬ʺͬʱҲ͵㣬֭ΧӻζţǮõķѨڲͣˬ춼ϲ£
"ššǮýߺ죬Σغ߽䡭һǮĦǮõ΢е㽩ӲϾǮûǲ̫ϰơ
ѽ˵ţͻȻǮһ¡ۡɫǣ̬Ǯֻ
ͻȻһγǮڵߣǮþúһ飬һȣǮõϣͷòɫǮÿһܵĴ̼ˮ˳
úȣǮõİҺ˷ܵҺѽٺ١ǮõΣ˷ܵţͻȻͷƣǮõĸŴ
ѽҪҪԵġǮòţŲɵһƤǸ̬ôĵطҲŹָоĺֵֹֹ֣ļȵ
Ǯý۵һʼˮʱǮѾˡһ뿪ǮõĸţһӲӲĶǮõϡ
һ޴ȵĶֱӾ˽Ǯ޹ǵĽٴ塣ءء崿ǮøоºҪ˺Ѱ㣬ѹǳʵľ޴С
ǮõѸٵķڳİҺŪʪиӵľ󣬹󡭡ĹͷǮǰ˳
ҪǮõʱĹסĹͷǮòԸַǳĸܵԼڵÿһ΢ǹͷ״С
崿ɫǮøоͻͻزţˮһɹɵڷڣǮþԼ־ѾЩˡǮáǮáɫòܺǮ½Ůֻ֣ᱧ崿ǮãǮõ񱳡
ء衭衭ȡҡǮ÷·ҪϢǰγӲǮôϢšظζС߳ĸо
ܺεĿǮãͻȻ׵ܺĵһſӣС졣˼ҵܺķĽϢ
崿ǮøоСһӲӲĶһ¡ԭְ׵ܺĵ
žžžÿһСҪײǮõϡ󡭡ˮǮſܺϣžɫòܺ﷢΢崿ǮòɫòܺʶſӣС졣һʵԼռĸŮԸ
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ǮվסһֻѱСһһɬ䣬绨Ǯýֻ߲ᱡϷŪ




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ֹһָؼסǮ̺콿СĿɰͷаزŪСĻֱǮýֲҽѹҪ
أһֲֻǮô۵ĿڣǮ޳ϸǽ۵㼡ǮûȶеС
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˵ָǮǽխСг鶯һǮ͵̲סȫһΣӹһɹӿİҺڣֶմˡ
òɡ崿ɫĴ˶ȻӵȺУںڰйǮýΣպߣ̽ΣĽޡʱˣƹ⽥תϽǮõڳǮҲ߳ѹʱ߲֣ŻңϿϴּ䣬ҵۣǿǲĿİ߰߻
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һ·ϣ־Ǯõ涺ŪǮãǮߺֲ³ְǮõĴҺˮһ֣ڿŪʪ
صͣó¥ʱ¥ݵתǴڰĵط͵һѱǮý壬һѰͦصĴӲضǮõɺ棬ѱϵǿҪǮһ͵
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˲ŲæذǮǽ۵ʱŰѴֳӲ˶زǮýխĽСڣʼǮýխСڳššǮϸϸᴭӭϡ
һ˫ѩ޳Ⱥ޹ǡϸּͦУɬţӲ˶ӭԼĻ˳忪ʼһһֱǮûǮһ˿ҵѩһһײš
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һ죬һ䣬ˣɫԵضǮõ崿ٸľɫ̺һߵ糺죬һŮ֮£Ǯһ˫ں崿һǿѸ߸߶񣬷¡
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캬סŭϵһɰͷ˱򡭡˷֣ͷĲֿǮýвѩȣǮý޵һ㡢һſ޳ѩȡֿǮϸ΢ë޴崿ľɫٸѹȥȰѹͷ׽ٸǽջ۵У׽ٸ̺콿СĿɰڣȻһ㡢һضȥֱǮǽСխȫعס޴˶׽ǮýСʱ崿ɫĴǮþͿʼĽ䡢
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㡭á󡭡šһʼСڵĽխڼ㡭ᡭ㡭㡭ᡭᡭһ㡭šǮκ죬ĽֵĽת㡭㡭ȥ̫̫ˡɫ˽߳л߽䡣ߺεͦѩ塣ѹµıþһ˿ҵʥζߵĳ嶥
׺ݴֱĽ£崿ĽٸκֻŮǽסߵƬ̺ɰߵĳ¡룬һɻճӨ׵Ůӿٸڡ
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һŮϡƸ꣬ڣߴǮۿɰĽ߻ģ˽ʪӹڣŪš
һ˫ѩźڽعסϵˣ߸ϸԲȣ̵ͣĹɺٸһΡС˱쳣СڣȵճĤ׳ľ˶һ㵫ԵĽУӹй˱Ů
ٸڵ߱ٸľҲǵһضסٸӹڣ˹̻ȵ
ٸ˱һһȫëˬ֡ò崿ľɫٸǮһĵĽһлŮЪӽŸ߳ĽŮ˽κ죬ޣ㺹죬
ٸĻг˳һ಻ҺӿǮǷۺڣ˳ٸεѩȥʪٸµһƬ
˴ǮϷǧġ崿ɫòǽκɫԵʵô𡭡ʵǮò绨ľɫκ𣬽֡еȻĵʣôǮֻߴصš㡭㡭ȥġáʣ𣿡òɫĽŮ˽صܡ桭桭˵꣬޵صʹѩķ۾һ߽ҫۡ޹ǡһ˿ҡѩʥС
һ§Ǯǽࡢ⻬ϢһʱǮõ֣콿ǮüҵûԺ֣콿˽һţ춯߽һÿŮһ˿ҵ§һ崿ǮذĻʱմӷźĸ߳Ůڸֵ߳Уûз̽˸ͷ֣콿֣콿ʱߺ˳ȥ
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Ǯߺޣ֪ô죬ûüסԼͦ飬ѱһںסһֻ壬Ǯòɵý㡭Ǯ˫ճ죬㴭ϢϢһ뵽ԼҪ롢ԼҲͦӭϡƽУתǮøɫΣޣ޲ɷĶ崿Ĵ۾غ֪롣
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ŻС˰ľɫŮǴƵľɫһƬߺϼһߵ˽̬вһҸĶߵ˵ãҵСǮߵøˣ۾ԽԽ͡ǮããСǮεſںڵ۾ߵһһ֮£ֲӶߵͨ죬ں崿Ĵ۾ָϿϣǽס
һԽԽ⣬˵ãĺǮһߵԽԽ죬СҲԽԽ̣ĽΡ
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һ崿ߵŮǶԼĵһο꽻ĥľͬʱҲԸԼĵһˣһԼźһʼʱǰӲϹǿɡŹءǿмϡֻҪлŮ߳У崿ߵŮͻ
ǮھʹһּìָӵУߴһԼѩ׵ԽԽһһֹͣߵʵášһ߶ߣ㿪˿ڡ
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ֹʱһֻǮѩ۵ϸϸֿʼֵǮýƽС»ȥܿ룬𷼲ݡ֮СһָŮϸ赭ëҵĸ꣬Ǯ÷ĲǻûȫƽϢȥȽȽһе˻ǧĵĴ΢΢ȫĽţ˵һͷͺסŮ۽˱ݸҧ͸ĿɰӣҡŮһһòһֲܵȼ潿۵ġڡе㳱ʪˡǮϸ۵ѩԽԽ̡ŮĽޣһׯֵԼôһֱȼ档ѵԼ˵޵
Ů£ıϢһİԽԽ١ͳʱһȴֹͣ˸̧ͷǮ̺ŨŨ
Ǯý߲ʤԼĵһˣĳߣ֪һҪʲôֵ֪ʵãСǮСʱߺþĳϼɫ޲ɷ㴽ﻹߣŮصʹ·۾ӡһﻹߵĳ˵飬֪áӻͷһһֻסǮñŭʵวţ캬סǮһֻ⻬ȵòԽԽӲͦŮͷ
һֻḧ崿߿˵ŮϸëǮĸִָ˳زǮѿʼʪ妵񹵣󽿻妲ۡḧ󣬸ָ޹䡢۵ĺָ˳ˮĵġСǮȻз󵫻ǽխСһаĳ鶯ĥ
ֱǮö٣һСյͨ죬ٵıϢѱת㡣ѾƽʱͷһθΪӿϮʱǮûͼ촽߶Ľת޲
Ǯһγ⺣мʱһһ̧ͷӡ崿˵Ůʺӣһͺߣڴ鱾ܵɬǮýߵŤԸšǿ׷Ǯ㴽ڣһͷѹͷϣصѹǮĺ촽ϡ
šһͺߣǮߺẒ̌գŨĺζһԵͷضǮʺ촽ʱ崿˵ŮֻߴݣһˡһǮ࣬ŮС۷㣬廬⡰šöšǮɬϲõĳǣۻߴǿдġߡһ˱šš
һȲǣǮ̵ֱͦСַһֻ˵ĽߣšǹҴǮСгͷֶǮýʵС𣿡Ǯõߵͨ죬ﻹҪͷܿ˵ľһһھͶǮӣ




233¡ĸŮ

һǣֱǮǵôġֱϲߡټһֻֻǮõϡзòŮһ˿ҡ޹ǵıѩ˷ֱܵʪһƬһ˫޳ѩ׵ȽߵؽֻĴ֡
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ֻǮõʹѩ׵ķ۾һŴƵĽߵͨ죬ֻýε촽棬Ǯޡϸ˵һϲ֪Լһǧġ˳崿Ůڿ¡
һֵôߵصǰôڵʱǸղָ߳ܵʻʱǮСߺòٺˣ˵ŮĽ޲֣콿ıѣȴֱҽ§ڻ޿ɶ㣬Ϊ˽ͷֻϸߴصǡǰǡ桭һ˵꣬Ӻѩ׵񾱶ߺˣһˣų˵Ů崿ߵľɫ̣һͷסǮ췢̵ӨĶһ˱
ֵŮһĴ̼ȫëһ߻ȵûعߵʵǰ˵ŮߵһߺֻֽΣǰĴڵġ漸ѵŮߵú޲ȥһݣʵã벻ҪһǮ滨ľɫҲһھΡӿһ⣬룺죬һҪú۰Ůһһǧ˳Ůķŭȡж͵غסǮӣ㴽ûͷȥǿжŮĽݣһĴǸؾ˱
ֱǮõ㴽µ÷ֻôǷ޻ߵĽšҪššҪĲҪĲҪҪǮϸػشһ֪µСˣضǮ˵ãԲĶԲ𣬸ղ֣콿һõĳ飬㣬һһĸ߳𣿡⻰Ǯƾ˵аѩСҲʹһҲץסǮ޳ѩ׻ԲֿѾ崿Ůǿнֻаư͵ɬֵطֿ˽еȡ
ԭǮøղŲǽѣһǮѩϸ۵Ĺ⻬ȴֿǰ˵崿ŮܵʥġϪԴȫ¶ѾʪһƬˡ
һְͦͦصĴִߣضס۵ġ񹵡ùͷ»Ľ˳ͦȰѹͷ׽崿ŮխСڣȻһѹ
ķʪһ˳ؾͶǮõһִһֱءȫؽŮڣͣ
ѿ֡Ǯεһ̣˷ܵüεȫѩӼֱġһס㴽ȻŴ죬񴭲ѣǸǽϸǮøղƾ˵Ҳ֪ı˽ס˵ơ
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㻵һһ뿪㴽ʺӣڽǮøеֱһִġ޹ĽԼڵĸоŪҡۡͷĿѣּᶨĶһʼ
𽥼ӿ࣬ԽԽصش̼ǮխСڽڡߵ崿ŮɬؾǸǰʱҪ֡ҪҸӲˡ
Ǯý޵رеĳ̼ýתһ㰥㡭㻹һһߵء桢ֱŬ£ˡ崿˵ĽŮһνתǿʴǵĿд̼£ӵͦӭϡתлһǮõг˽ٴκǮ̲סȫıһľһǵĽ䣬Ǯӹһ鴤խСڣʪŴֱľ޴İһֵսòɵĴŮᡢİʥӹһŨճֱӿ˴ִߣȻǮõڡ
һ崿Ůǻȵһͷһ飬ϽȵضסǮ۽ɬӹڣͷһһŨֱֳֶ̡ɫŮʥȵӹڡ
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޹ǵ˻ϸҲ͵һͦѩź۽һϣһԲΡΡŭʽסؼһԵĥͬʱһȵľΡȵ侫ĴִսƺҪ޴ڵÿһξҺ
һ㡢ǵĽ䣬Ǯһ˿ҡ޹ǡѩ׾Ө罺ؽ˵ϣ˫˫лŮ꽻߳
Һǽ߰ߵĽ״ϣҺƬƬۻ಻ǧġ˳ɫ崿˵ĽһαǿҵҪͿȵ𣬱壬Ⱥ˵𽵹Ʋꡢ彻һǮһ˿ҵĽϷһֻǮ֬⻬۵ѩظţһֻƹŮԲϸ磬ǮȻĳͬʱ̧ͷǮ崿ߵ֪߳ŮҪ´档
òɵʥŮһ˵Ŀ±ռ覵ʥ塣彻Ÿ߳Ǯߺ죬ϣ㺹죬ϸϸϢ˺һһǮõĶʵã𣿡崿˵ĽŮߵͨһƬ΢۾šϸһǮýޣκ조ҡһҪǮԡ
ǮߺףеԾſ崿Ĵ۾һְӡǳ˵Ľ̬Դ崿ˮĴ۾һһѹסò˵Ǯһ˿ҵĽ塣
ѹ£Ǯָеһ˿˿Ǯûе㵣ĵؽʵ㣬𣿡ǮùɫľɫòϽ糺죬ʶеѳֲסһԲ
ǻûһشǮȻɬطһִӲȹ̵ġȻֽضԼĴȸǮߺĽޣɬĽ崿Ĵ۾ߴ𡢺ǿռĴ֮ǿ꣬ԼĿ±˱Ĵˡ
ϣԡɺɺԸе˿˯ۣϵвλЩˮڴϣȺһĵһᣬһˡĽɺɺڻһɺɺĶͷضɺɺ˵ɺɺˡҲ㣬ɺɺ˵һɺɺʪ촽һ⡣ɺɺУƵĸ߸߷ںڵëѱˮʪճ棬ëŨҲʵʵģһܺϵķۺ졣
һϸزëҵǸ޵СһӤС죬ſˮأһ˵ľɫºܿ˲͵Ӳѹɺɺϣˮ̡һֱС




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ȶ׳պһеĿ顣һͦƨɣس鶯һֳڴϣһִǱ鷿һͬʱɺɺš
ءءţǸ̵ִĹһһµض㴥дˮס
鷿ַ·һеһͣرԲ⡣ǿ׳ѹ޷ֻв濪˫ˡһ۵ĴȴӴϹ£ͣز
һ˹ؼŮӣţĶС࣬ǻҷļůխһдĿУһ쳣;ã㹻ʱúܡ
һһ̧ϰɺɺһ˫޶ȵطֿڷڵƻͨһؿԼӷۺһһԴԴϵˮ鶯һһشڣ˳Źɹˮ߰ߵëȥԭѩ׵鷿ͨͨ죬ͷͻӲӲһͬס
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ޣޡޡĸоһͨСǷ
Ť֫ӭһǿײһɺɺ˫ȣǺĴ⻬Сĥ䣬ƨɿٵǰ˶ݺݵسµСƨײʱ˸еġžž
غŴֳˮİнÿһεĽضĵطǿĿС
һغŴֳ߾ڣײһ⡣Ȼеǿһӿ
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һѽӱڻḧ˵ĻһĻɺɺһǺ
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ֵǣļյģһҲûУһΪ²ڣʧ׼ȥһû뵽ǣתߵʱһķﴫ˳
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ڶ죬ͣһĸϣŲĸ΢΢һЦȻڲĸıߣĲĸеߺ죬̧ͷһһ߳ζһ߲ĸѩ׹⻬СȺϵķΡ
ĸһջԼȺβȥģߵԱŲŲһɫѾ渧ĦĴȣ찡вˣܲͻȻ쵽ȥץסɫְɣĸæн˫ȣסһŴɫ֣һɫͣڲĸ֮丧Ħ󣬾Ȼָڿ㿪ʼٶĸͣطֿ˫ȡСȻŴҵɧԼĸߴԹصһۣĸҲԵ㣡һָвˣȴ忿ĻᣬĹ֡ĸ찡ָȻ˽ȥָ鴤ţæֳôûпʹɫק˳ָ滹зĽҺ




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ĸоһɫָĦı˳ƶ£ϣָȻƨػؽȥΣǿĻ飬ܵɫֿʮܣʮִ̼ѹס֣óѡͻȻƨһһɫֳ룬ƽ档ĸɿƵһ裬ôˣ糺죬ĵʵûʲôûʲôĸҲƣֻǰſϣСĦΣָ˳µظȹʪĹȹ֡Ȼ±ɧҲܵĽĴ̼ˮгоСѨĴ̼ԽԽǿңͻȻĸһΣﵽ˸߳ԣ岻ȥϢһ£ĸߴԹغݺݵصһһۣ߽ңĹŢŤҲоˬΪڿѾʪ͸ˡ
һ˵㣬Ұ칫һ¡괩Ž׵ְҵװеһ޾׵ףüĿ촽΢ȴԸУ·Ըջ󣬷ʵأȹӳŵĹĹڣ鹵˼ϸ֫Σ͹£Ȼʮͷȴİ۽ٸ۽ǵԼɼβƣûӰԷϣէľ߰ޣüĿתԣڷ顣
һóһϣ˵㣬ҺѽŤΣ칫ǰһæվС֣꣬꽿۵Сϱ߸˵벻Ҳѽ걻һеȣֲһ˳ưḧĦЦҿˣҪ֣ȴ̫һѿ뵽ĦһҲûʲô󰭣糺죬˼˵ȥˡ
һ꽿߶˵ģɬǱз顣ҽҪ֪꣬ва˵ţʳָỮȦ
Ҫ֣˼ûѣֻһţȴҿ۾ɬС˵УһôУİ칫ѽɺɺʱģȻô˵ֲ̫һ
һȴӱסϸȻס֣˵꣬Ȼ˵ѣҿ۾ݵɬ˵ʵһҸ˰ɣ˵ţһѾ§סСһҪ꺦½ߵС˵ҪŰ§˵ʵ費Ҫ˵ˣҾͷſ㣡һ§סƽ̹СŵķˡŮˣҲҪʱ򡣡ε˵ȴôҲ˵ڡоһĴִưСϻȵ˿ĸһ˿ķӦ߳ܵذһͷſҰɣ꣬˵ҪʲôҾͷſ㣡һḧĦĹ⻬ƽ̹С촽İĶ˵Ƥðװ㰡һϲŮڴֶôչˣŮеļƷҪſҰɣһˣ걻һĦûɷ֮§ڻϷֲҷֲҾܾοǰûЦѾȷʱ軹Ǵֻ̼ذš㣬ǲ˵أϲŹⲻ˵أһɫֿʼתƣĦķԲأ꣬ôе԰˵˵ץסɫ֣ݵҾҪһܲСѨ˵꣬걦ߵĵͷ벻ԼԼŮСĶ³ǰ˵ôĻ鷿һĦÿʼͣĸоҲֲܻأҵĸĦŶһĸĦ꣬ͷȴĶһ¡һҪûУûܰͷѾɿƵزͦеĿڿµȶеĶǱüȻ鲻ԽŤͷҪ촽ûСѨǲѾʪˣһεļӲͻȻһ£Цûиеҵľ޴󣿵һġǰԼɷĶΪ˵Ķģûйƾо뵽һɷĴִ˺ֹһһȻͶסϣ˽ĽӴĦʼ˷Ӧڿ濪ʼЩʪΪظԼԲҪʪŶ¶ֺߵذһҰɣȴ֪Խ˵ԽǼһɫ𡣡֪ǰɷģǣҲָ֪ܴ߳ôûҪˣСѨӦúܼįˣҺúɡһ鷿ЦǰһܼһмԸ߳ж೤ܼӲ೤ʱ䣿˵ʵǰҸ𣿡ҿҸĲСڷǣɷ飬öĳԡ»ʱǴֱ룬й͵ͷ˯˺֮󣬾й£ݲ£ܲĸܣҪ˵ʲôҪ˵ʲôҪ˵ʲôҪ˵ʲô߳ˣÿΣɽɽǻʱѾɽһͷ
ǣʱ˿̣ô˵Լѵƻ䣬ΪԼŮֻܿͣʵڲ˾ָοһԼСѨǺãӣܹҵûзӦĻҾĻģҾ̷㣡һ⿪ʼĶ·𴹵µͨ͸ӨĶһʱ䣬;ôĵһӿ¿ٵܶȦ󣬱㲻ס̼ÿһеļԼĸйʶ˵һҪ㻰ѽһӣҪң޿κεţʵҲûаգǣŬԼһҪסӺܿ͹ȥˣһסģ
һ§Žתض۾ָ걳ϣŮ͸һƴڣͻȻҧĶ˱š
̽ţ̱һ⿪ĳµŦۣƿɫԸе˿֣ظĦš
˶ѩ׵鷿һ±Ÿ״鷿ѾͣѾѪ𣬽ʼ߷ߵǣһ޳ܵذб㿿ϣ˹͵鷿ÿѹȼĥ⣬˵ÿȹ£һȼӲĲѾʼַ¶Ĵڲ࣬ǳмɵظ˿ڿ㡣
¶϶һδදšԼǧҪסȴʼ˷ӦҪһһȴܲ˵صͷȥſںס鷿겻ɶֵص˳Ҫ㣡Ҫһſѩ׷鷿ϣţ˱ţţͷŪӣһģɫȴխȹ棬֣Ħɫ˿ĻԲĴȣΡ
û뵽һ˱Ħ˵ħ֮䣬źܵ˳صĴĶ쳣
ĳѪĴΣĹһɫֵĸĦڶڿѾʪĹѾŢ
ģӦôѽѽ꣬ôôͶСˣӣܿģһҪҧסǣȴԼ˫ѾסһļͦһӶ˱꣬ڸʲô




239¡Ĵһ

ʱоһԸڿĵױߣָȻȥҪˣҰɣİûָֹǰ壬䶯ɶĦһĴϢš
갵ԼԼʵ̫ˣôȻѾĵˣȫǻȣɫƽģ壬˫룬ϵķʼ
һǽϣһѩ׵ȸ߸߼ͷųס֮ĹĹȣԸڿĵױ߾Ҫ档ҪһԲԽģ㣬Ұɣǲ㣬ҰɣذţѾĴ鵴ܣȴɿƵǿҿʵļӲ㣬ģǺڼҽսͿڷ֯ý㣬ҲǿнģҪýԼ̽ȥһЦţӸ߸ߵؼѩ׷ȣĦ񹵡ҪСѨ˺޸ҵظļӲ͹̣˿̵Ѿ֪ԴȫڣһɹĵӳֻƮƮûаһ;Ρ
һⲻͣĥľϸܵĺҲʱۼϣ͵ر֫ĴϢɼϱܡ
޳ľԽΪŵ㣬һ⻡ȫ¶һĴ£ճһƬξᱡİ׺󡣵ûһĴռƬĽֹסһǿҵضķһ͵ǳǳһ
û뵽ֻһᱡ£ûԼСѨô͵õһθ߳ǵ½˼󣬼ǹɰҺ˴ʪ˿ڿ⣬Ѿ˳ŴȻ£֪Ƿ̼һֻһϵǸһ
ΪŮ˴Ӿ˷ƽУȻڼеͨڿ㣬ܸӦǸһļ
׵պ쳱δʣȴɻۿһĲһ裬һմӶ˲µĶݿС
Ѿͣ䶯ţȻҪȥ޷Լ壬סһǿ׳ѩ׷ȼѾعס˫Ѿ§סһĻ䣬ҪѾƵһ鲻Խǿֵý㣬Լģҿûǿ㣬Ѩůеýһ˵ͻȻ§Ȼͦƾ֭ˮ󻬣˳Ʋ룬Ȼһ嵽ףֳһͱһȵסӣСڣཻӣ˱ҺѾ§סһһԼڱСƻԼ٣
һĳ壬ŪѾϢأ³С˱лͦӭϣδйĶ飬ûеķݡ
ҰһļӲĴִĳ־ãͦ¾ӵʱ˿ѾױĿ˵޵
ׯʱģޣ죬СѨĳͶΣһزĦͷѼֻͦоԼСѨԽԽᣬԽԽȣѵ鲻Խĵز§һıˡһҪˡйˡУҺŸ߳һĹͷŰҺĽСѨεļнҲѾͲסһһ𣬡ý㣬̫ˣҪˣͷŨŨľҺ껨֮ϣһĽ̵ޱˬҵĶľΣ̵ҽ̵꽿§һһ裡鶯ʱˮһ֮֨֨ڶиֱͣһҪȥ˲źá
һй˫ĺΣȻǿҸ߳ķۺɫ޲Գ츾ˣͦͷӭҾͳСѨھţһϢӲִͦСѨֳ鶯һСѨˣ̫ǿˣ˽ɣŵҾͷ˽㣬СѨˣطҰ˵һ¶ѩ׻Բ鷿ͦ˫ˡ
һ˫Ө齾ǰôķôѩףôͣôĽۣ۵İϣϸɵԭҰ¶ʲݮһһҧһڵĳ嶯
ѩ׵˫飬߰ͦţžѵ״Բļͷĳˡҫԣʤաһȫȣӿܡϻʱһĵǡ
㻹ʲôط㰡겻ʣĽ飬齻ɡһɫɫĵ
Ȼ˵齻Ǵûˣܾǿһ񣬲һֻһϮ㷢֮Ʈ
һֹסһĲһֽһͷؿڡһ˫֮䣬㣬סѩ壬촽ƣһ˱ͦģҧ⡣һʱѵˮĶϲ׽ʱִͷӹʱְסͼʱ̧ͷĹۿ
괭Ϣأ̽ץסһ޴ŭݵذȻͦţ־ͦء
סķպһֶգʼŪĶᣬĴĴָʳָסγһԲͲһϣе׶ٶʱʱ٣һʼеȫһȣ֣顣
ȥһߵעһ˫覵Ըѩף˫סĽǸضıǿϣڼ˵ıǿʱʱײ
ɬرۣ߸ͦоһһ·»ӡ鹵ܿϵٴͦѹȵĸоԺֳǸٵ龰
һĺӣҶǸһܸܵٲĸоһӣĦĺӣұѹ־ǿصһǿҵ
һس٣걻̼ýеġһֹͣ˳򣬶鹵ѹ
ߵͦѩ壬ӭһļѹһ˶ӣҵ鹵
Ժܸߣɵ˫ѹסԼ壬ԸܵһӲĻȡһ̽Եس鶯˼£鹵ܻѹкǿǡһֻÿˬˣ;ϵ˫ݼȴǾԵĲͬģǹԱ츾ǾԲΪ̽ĩȻڣȴΪһˣôԸ˳񡭡
һһУһܲݼĪˬһؿŴ϶ǰ̽ͷʼس壬ֻеһˬޱȣеġ
һԽԽ죬˫ţ϶ԽԽһӵ껬һķѾŪŭǣȫȣ׳Ŀ
ָһָŪʹеů쳣һִδйĳ嶯Ϯһ񾭡괺鵴üĿſӣС콫һķ̽һͦһһͱĺ
꿴һˬģֻ˵ԺͻϲǶ࣬˶һ߼쳤ȹ¶ɫ͸˿ŵ޳һٸȻΪһ̽ڽ




240¡ĴĶ

һͦĿɵĿСٴӸʼñҧ΢΢ʹǿҵĿУһϮһ̲ס϶¶΢Цҧסһɾ͵壬˳ӦĶиҪ
겻ٶŪ˫ֱסһĺΣ캬˱һסףԳڶţ䷢ʵĽߣһֻ飬Ϲ˵ã˿չ򡢴˱ơҧƬ̼ճĿˮ˼
ǿҵˬһ֪һ߳ڼ캬˫ո˱ȥ
ǿҵĿаΧһģһһһͣͬɽһȹ̵ҽ˳һһǰ׵ľҺ
꺬ס£ҽס÷塢鹵ӺϡŨҵϢ
Ƭֹ̺ͣĿȫҽɬĵһЦдָ׺ľҺȫУЦС𣿡һ꣺ý㣬Һ㣬㡣һи߳㣬޵㡣죬ҹȥҿһ½Ĺţллõһϱ걧һһáһһ͸ԼҪȥŵ뷨
ܸˣΪһԼںԼһһԽãлл㣬㰮㣬ð㡣ллңôлҰһɫɫ˵꽿ߵ˵Ҫôлôл˶ˡһ˵æְҵװ¶˿أһһץϣý㣬ٺúðһ°ɡ˵һĶ˵ͷš΢ĿͻȻоһ촽ʪĺ촽ϣһȵ˫оԼʱһһֿ˫ʱԼ࣬һ˫ƵһʱоȻڳҺһͻȻ촽ʪ˫ִͷСڡ
һͷлţʱСͷһʱŹߣ˵Ŀڽһ
ǵĸоãʱоٻţԼһֵֻĻһڻɷ裬ӯޣ࣬˱ţҲԸֿ
ûܵǣ˷ǣǿҵǣѸ͵ǣ˵ǣᵽһֽ׳еζͷεģ鵴
֪ʱƺʧȥ˼ά֪ѱһ˫ߡʲôҲ룬ֻԼȫĵȥܡ١
һ촽ʵʱС඼ĿСߵV嶼˷֮Уʧȥ֣һйǣһ˫ҲؽסʧȥһͬʱҲʹ˱Ĵ
ѱԼĺ촽һļȴǸĸߣֻòֻһ϶ѣͷѸ˽С࣬ڴ趯ţе֭ҺסζֱͱȵϱζŪʱеȻҵһȵڿŪҲϻ裬˵֭ˮ֪ô£ĺзˡ
һͷ괫ӣУҵؽšŴ죬ʹø淢ô̼ˣҲԼ۵Сӭȥһͷƶš
˲֪೤ʱ䣬˵촽ľˣ΢ͷ뿪һ㣬ĿͶң㣬á
ãһ۹ôܰ㣬òģƬе촽ͽ׼ʵݣһ۾ʹ˼
һͨȫļ鲻Խؽһһ㼱ż⣬һ˫ϸ۵ֱ۽Ĳӣ͵ذӣѹһĴϿǡ촽󡢷󡢸ڵԣʱԵô顢ͶͼʣﴫġԼʺСһ˱ਡ˱ȫšţŷ̵ķۼսţ԰VԵ۽ţֻĺ촽š
ǽꡢĿ֬ļ콿ͻȻܵһǵĻᣬɫ־Ȼ·ĦķԲȣҵôߵ֮Ҫ·
ץסɫ֣ǿƿϢ˵һڲˣûʱˣȻѾģʪĹŢŰİ˿ؼңƾһ
һܾ⿪·԰§סļӲöס֮ĹĹȣý㣬ͿһɣһȻźɫĽǶ֮䣬ֱܸ֮ܵʶšȻſӣȻоľ޴Ӳ
ֱźɫ·ҧס鷿޼ɵ˱飬ֻ§סһĲӣһᱡ
Ȼ·ǣɱһҧ˱鷿ѸٵسѪҪظоһȻＸҪſӽ壬ֱӲҪѿڿһ塣޼ɵʶײţ꽿ʼ΢
оΥ˳ȷɶֵϯȫ鲻ԽشϢšԼԽԽһˡ
ֻСѨһΣܿﵽ߳ˣһ߳ʱһ󼱴ٵؽ񴭣һDް˽ӣСڴѩ׾ӨĽ͵ؽ§һ壬һϢľΡ£ӣһţľȻû£һᵽĸ߳鲻Խкˡ
߳ûϣǵͨŤ壬־һĳа˽ȥŪһѷӲ⣬ֵغƤɢĺζϤϢζݼҪѣ
촽ʪůĻסһһ޼ɵذͷ棬ǵͷ˿Ửصһ
һһָֻظᱡͻ绨ٵͷһֻֻĴϲ˴̼ĸоϲ˳ˮɡ
һֻ»ְҵװ˿ڿıԵһƷݲ֪Ǻˮ֭ճ˪¶žһţëĵطǱʵ꣬ʷָۣ깴мһѿ΢΢³ˮ죬ְָͷߥ꣬ǵط履΢ָ˽ȥȻխխʪһƬˡ
ܲʵͣԲƨŤڵ÷֣һ˫ֳܷܷһȥոմĸ㣬ֻһԲмӣͦӲ漴˫æҵһĿһܷܷ̽ȥţǶȥ÷ǳˣȴ⻬Ӳޱȡ
һֱ§ɳ棬Ǽɫְҵװ濴óǼɫ˿ġؿӣҰǰ
˿ʱʱ񾭡ʱְҵȹȵλãɫĴƵ˿ڷ˫ϡ
һִָѾ쵽ȹߣɫļȫ͸˿ڿĴϡʱҲ˿




241¡Ĵ

һָ岻ͣؽ˫ڵϲͣر任λãںɫ˿СֺҲԶ׼ģ崫ݼ˵ʮֵǿҡҲԼȹ¶Ǽɫ˿¡
һЦһѽ걧ѹĴϡҲʶȤģȻﳶ˳ϺȻһ¶˳࿪ʼҵ
ɳڵϣ۰׾ĴȰѺɫ˿ǵȫ͸ˣ·һƵģеӵǰͷſӣСڽһȻﺬ˽ȥŬսź˫һ΢ЦţָͣŪͷʱβ״Сո˵ʱֽͷȥ
⿪һĿӣһḧĴڲ࣬һطµϣ˳۵ָһ˫账ɹỬһʼôŴ㣬úãˣมһţ꽫˫˺ĿУñǼĦȻ³˫裬Ȼĸʼ𣬵ﶥڵĶתȦš
һ鲻Խְҵȹȹ͸˿ڿ㻬䵽ذϣ¶۳塣ִָĦ⻬۵𣬡ҵĺñһ˵ţһֽµĺɫֱ۵λã¶أָҵһűͦϸš
һóˡͦСԲβɫ͸˿зԲĴȣɫ߸ЬСţһĽһڼĿˮ۾ֱĶǰ۵塣һø˷ˡ
һֱʱȻĺ촽¶ѪĿһֻϺľմĿˮڳĻҺڵƹҿµĹ
һϸ۵šһѣһƣ͵ɳϣұߵȹɳϣߵڵϣϵĸ߸ЬҲûѣ۵Ľֺںɫ͸˿ݼһ
ֻ˶Ȼ֭ĶڣȴûмȥֻۺĦʱԼһˣ˼Ұɡɣ˼ܲˣ쩤˼Ҫ꽿鵴ߺתһڰĿɫԵϣ͵üҪģСˡһҲȲˣӲȻһӾͱĻ
˸һ˫ѩױΪһײͣǰζһʵײڰ칫л졣һһ̫̫ˡ˽ĺ촽ſŷŵҵϢһؽ㣬ˬůʪû尡һЦţŲͣر任ƣԲĴȼԼļϣӲȻŪ۵Ļģ֭ʼ˳ų˿ӵĺɫ˿ȥһͰɳʪˡ
ʱѾ˻ƣܴ˽Уֻǵ˴صĴϢŮ˵䡣һ졭ĺô˼±ġ찡Ҳǽ˽СʱȣҪսپ
һǣֱɳ棬һѽѩ׷巭תְɳϵһС汳ĸ£̧ø߸ߵģ֭Ļһǰ¶ۺĻһŴٴǿ͵Ĳ°۵壬ײ̢龡µǸ˵ȻʵǵĸоܿתΪˬƺƵ³ֺ֮ϣĶõ˳ֵչնƨӭĳײһһĸоͬѸӵȫһἴŻ¼ȣֱ׳ܻ
һŮϡƸ꣬ڣȻﴥлĽ߻ģʪӹڣŪšˡҪйˡô󡭡̡Ҫйˡһ˫ѩźڽعסϵһ߸ϸԲȣһ̵ͣĹɺһΡС˱쳣СڣȵճĤһ׳ľ˶Ȼһ㵫ԵĽУӹй˱ٸ
ڵȻﱻ츾ľҲǵһضסӹڣ˹̻ȵ
˱һһȫëˬ֡òĵһĵĽһлŮЪ
ӽŸ߳꽿κ죬ޣ㺹죬̱ɳϣﲻϷϣࡢǳöһĻǶ֪ƯǶȥˡ
һ뿪ɧĵꡣ·СѡһЩһˡ
깫ļҲеСȻӲǺܴ󣬵ҲȽϾ£ͣ³ǰԿڰ칫ңֻҪš
ֻ洫һĵˡѿţһֻһ츾չǰ츾൱ãҲʮ꣬㷢߸ϱʩ죬һϮۺɫĵͼۣظʣۿ洦¶Ȱɫ͸˿࣬ɫĸ߸ЬһжԵôׯţóԲһĿԼĿתԣ涼͸¶Ӻݻŵʡ
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ĸ缺մĵһƬհףԼݣֻ뵽ܻ֣Ƿ㣬ĸüĿߴԹصһһۣŪһ⣬Ȼ𽥶ŪŰС鼡⡣
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ĸţ䷢ʵĽߣһֻ飬Ƭ̼ȻճĿˮ˼Ůĸ㷢ƮĸԸΪڽһеǿҵˬɵôشϢ
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ֱָ⣬ڻȵĺɺɺȹ̽ȣĦɺɺ˿ȡһֻķء
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ֻпɷͰĽĿ⣬㡣ÿεԼ˳Ĳʱʹѣơϧľګɷһֱûܺú˷ܵ㡣
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һǸĦɺɺһܿͰɺɺ̱࣬ʱ䣬͵ˡ
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ʵԹɺɺòʮֳɫԲȹҲֻܺġ˿֮ʹŵҲڲס⣬Ѿ˲֮꣬ȴȻ͹ȳ͵ĵΣԸ޳ģǶׯͻľȴ͸һ˿Թ񣬸Ҽ
оһĴִưСϻȵ˿ĸһ˿ķӦ鲻Խسķĺ
С̫ɶˣ찡ָĦŽʵСȣԲĴȣԲƨ棬ĦķΣ찡Լô죿һ˷ܵظĦԹɺɺȣƤ⻬ϸ壬ͦĵΣԲԸУʮ㡣
һ弸ԹɺɺǳĽʱ㡭ʲôһ֮䲻еġٷˡһյԲСԣ˵ҵıԹ㣬ھҪǿ㣡˵ձͻȻ§뻳Уٴο
ԹɺɺѽѽƺûȣǷŤŤȥȴһ˷ܲѡ
ʵԼз֮ٴαԼɷ򣬵ǱʶȻƻŮƵĹִڻ֮ĳܰ޷أ
Թɺɺһƿһ㣬泱콿ĵҪˡҡҲٺġܶԲһͦĴһ£ʱһг˵һаЦŵٺ٣㲻õġҪǿ㣬Ǳεܺ߶ѣøκεġѾȫԹҡͷ˵ЩʲôȴһһסС죬Ҫ˵Ļȫŵ
һҲûţ̽Ǳ֮УһѰصĻϡȵ˽Ѿ丵ϸһָһۣȫһһĻҲ˵ԵĻˡ
ʱѾ죬һҲٿ˫붯ԹɺɺǸߵСŮ˫棬ʱƺ㽿һȴҲûķһš
屩¶һ۵ףעĿȻǶ漣ĺ飬ʹڽγǶȻ״ϸԼɫ͸ˮ˿ŵѩ׷ȺͷԲ̹ɣֱ֮ĴƷӵΪ֮
һŮҪǰΪ˶г˷飬лٸĽģÿ缡˵Ǻ覴á
һܿҲͷųԼȻֳȻѾӲͦԾԾԣһһ²ͣšһԹɺɺʪСѨҪ׼ˡ
ԹɺɺſĿ̼ĵһеģǲܶԲ𡭡ǲҪ㰡һٺЦţ̽ʪ͸ĻָմһЩҺһһӨ˿ߣʾƵİָͷŵԹɺɺǰߺ˵
һһŪͦķ飬̺ͷѾ𣬽ͦһ£һ쵽ʳָָǻȵСѨٵĳ壬һǰ츾ҲܲסҪˡһˣֻȫ죬ʱƵĶһ£һָĳ鶯ˮõǣǿɰƨ۶⾧ӨҺմʪˡ
һҲ˷յСһߺһߵɺɺ㣬СѨʪȣǲҪҵĴˣǲҲ˸ԹɺɺһЩ׵Ը˷ĪŵĽһ㻵ˣȡЦ˼Ұɣ˼ҡ˼ҶҪˡʱһѰ˶ͷͱСѨˣֳ˳ЦȻɺɺ㲻ҪҾͲˡԹɺɺ̹˫ŲһҡͷҪҪŪ˼ˡ˼ʲôˡҪ˼ܲˡһаЦý㣬ˣѨȣˮöడĽ˷ܵĲ˲һ˵ĵ˼ҡ˼ÿ涼ʪʪġ˼ǵıɲ֪ܵˡ˵һĵһۣ÷ɧǵͷ˼ҰɡȻͷ˼Ұ仰һ˷ܵò˳һǿ񣬵ͺý㣬ҽ˰˵͵һֳͦȻ󻬵İһӾ͸ɽԹɺɺȵСѨ
һг˫˫Žһ״εĵô󡭡ȡˬ˼ˡһûд𻰣ͷ˫Բѩ׵̹ɣ˵ĵȻװƵĸ˶صײ˵ĻŪˮĽ
ʵ̫ˣԹɺɺȻһ㱻һɵйˣֻļһӾҵĲڱһнɵĽΣ߳ˡ
һŪ˶ĺ飬յߵйǻƣתȥѵԹɺɺĵͷתȥĸſڰ칫棬̧ƨɣʱһζһ£һ͵̬
һ̾ĸߣ˫ָĦɫ͸ˮ˿ŵѩ۵ĴȺͷԲΰ꣬ȻӺѨڡ
һͷСѨĺ춹ĥţӿڵɺɺ㣬÷ĹȰùԲƨɰֿĻҽȥɣɺɺ㣿ɺɺƺ̼һСһһۣ¶һ˿Թߵ飬̽ԼСѨϣָʳָĻֿӵһǰ
һԼҲ̲סˣȻӺֱͱȥ˷ܵȫڰ칫ϣֻ̧ƨӭһĳˡ
һһ߸һ߸ŪǶǰζĴ̣ǿɰСջһָһȽİƨɣȻմҺķ˳ԹɺɺʱʧġһתͷĿһ
һЦڱɺɺƨɿȫҡ˵ձӲȻǿɰСջϡ
Թɺɺȴɫһ䣬æҡͷеﲻаﲻɵİƨʱȴֱһĴֽץסҡζҡβˡϹǰһĴͷһӾûƨɷУԹɺɺƨǽխǳżһǰһָСѨпɢעȻǰͦ
ȻխƺҲһһ㣬Թɺɺڲƨ۵ųк󲢲ôǿңѾţ֮һȻȫխСƨˡ
ԹɺɺɺɵĴƺŬӦƨͷȻĲʸСһһƨҲԸдء
뵽һĳ鶯ָͣĿСѨĿСһҲӦˣһĳ鶯ʼ˳Ȥĵɺɺ湻ƨҲÿ֣𣿡Թɺɺ˫ֽץŴŵеʹôô¡ΪʲôΪʲô˼ﶼÿ̫ˣһԴܹ裬ҳ鶯ֱײ˵߼ӿٶȣƨɵСѨƵĿֶˡһϹ֡ȫȻƨҲٳ˸߳һҲ˼ޣľҺ۵ֱ
Ъγͣͣ죬һȴᰮذɺɺóȹȻ۰§ԲĽ´档Թɺɺ˿ؽ󻵵˼ҵƨɶʹ˼ˡ




246¡ɺɺ

һɺɺ˶ЦҰȹɺɺ㲻Ҳúܿ𣿺ٺ٣ɺɺľջůʪխǸˮذޣޣޣԹɺɺ˼ұǲԸģȴӲǰ˼ҵƨɲ˼Ҷ㣬˼Һ۰Ժ󻹽ʲôһ𣿡һĦԹɺɺԲΰ꣬ЦԺǰҲܣҵǰҵɺɺ㣬𣿡˼ˣԹɺɺһǿ׳Ϊ˵
ҷʰңѾϾŵˣ㣬ӦûˣҷҪŻȥϢˣǾʱһȴƿ˽ԺһֽŹ
츾츾ҷŵһһۣתĶ棬һһ£ѽһæͷȥϸ߸ȴβ֪ôû°ɣһæȥֻ츾츾ҷ幭ϺһȹԲΣɫ͸˿ŵķԲĴȺͷۺɫԸжڿ㶼Լɼû̲סһѣֻһѣԺѾȻﶥ츾츾ҷԲˣĥŻǿѹסǷĵ˵£츾츾ҷ棬ؽһһ츾츾ҷǰѵϸ߸СŹۿ
Ȼźɫ͸˿࣬ȻڲסСѩ񣬰͸죬С磬Ƥ⻪ϸ壬͸ϸ͸İ۽űƤɼƤϸСѪܡ
Ľ˳޹ǣϸʧŹԸߣźƤܿƤ·ָȳ룬ʮϸϸĴаףͿŷۺɫĵޢĽָſǶڰ۵Ľָͷϡ޳ԸеȣôԲƽ
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츾츾ҷһǰ棬ɫ͸˿ŵ޳ֿʱȹڵķⶼһǺɫڿ˸סҪĲλĵطǱ¶࣬ķ£һʱ
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ͻȻվǰѾͿҰسɫ£Ը廨ָڲס˶壬̲ΡΡصʲô츾츾ҷһֱĶŻˣ˫ڸѩ׵أвҾҪ˰аǽŮ̬ǿи߲ʲŭϰɧĵСŮ̬аһЦţ»ɽ֮צͻȻס츾츾ҷѩ׷˶壬Ȼͷſڽѩױ̳Խȥ˱ҧҪ츾츾ҷһֱҧʹòһܷܷ־ʧץסͷš
ǣһ˱ҧӿҰ죬ͷΧ츾츾ҷѩϺɫһشתĥʹ֮мһ˿˿ֵĸоԽԽǿҵش⴫
츾츾ҷ̲סȷܷܷ鲻Խ§סһͷţ޲ýͷȥһ߲е۰Ҫ˼ҵͷҧ˰ҷ㣬𣿡һЦ˫츾츾ҷӣ۽ǵβƸ츾ԸкĻָӣ˵㲻Ǻ֪ΰĵطھֵǿӴ󣡡˵һѾȻȥڿ㣬ӲȻ̵츾츾ҷϡ
ô˶ףôļӲޱȣôѪţôĶ־츾츾ҷһûзӦѾһסͷ­ضӣС棬ɵ̾һůʪĿǻҵ˶ҳͷɣ츾ҷ˿صһһۣܷܷסȻӣŪζ̳³ͷۣûƷ˵ıˣԹ츾츾ҷ˱Ȼڳ˿˿ҺȻҷ㣬ڻҪǽ𣿡һЦŰס츾ҷ㷢ҵĿǻ鶯δζĺڴϢ˵ڸСҵΰ˰ɣ˼Ұɣ꣬Եİ츾ҷģֻǸһĴƨɰˣһ츾ҷſ棬Ұظɫ͸˿ŵĴȣԸжڿ˿̳һɫˮİҺʼˡ
ŵװǳ£°Ǵȹ䣬Ϻɫ͸˿޳԰֮ϣ˲޵Ͼ롣
ֻ츾ҷѾת˫Żſſڰ칫棬ظ߸Բӭһˣ˶ѩ׵ǰһػζš
ǰԲķԼ⻬覣һҲ಻סְŻֵΰ꣬õ
һʱ䣬ֽխľٱչ¶ǰǶôԸ˵ΰѩ׽ʵеԣԲ
ɹڼһֵķݣ۵Ϸһġ״ĶۡͭǮСǳɫ󣬴⽥мɷۺ죬ɫĶޣһ京ŵСջ
һָ̼츾ҷһսԴ־һϸСƴɢһžջݱǣС硣




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мһüС΢΢ſһһţһĵĴŮأӭػѡһ˫˳츾ҷСɵĽһ·˳ɫ͸˿ڲ˵˿ߣһ˳ǰľ飬һٵ㣬ҲǸ֭һӾͻ˽ȥ˼ˣ˳ǳټӶһָֻһȻָֻȥֱ嵽⣬硣
Ҳ츾ҷϰһָھջĳ壬ٽţֻԼŵţɳڣխСѿɲȻ
һȻСͷ׼ĵСһ츾ҷƨϵķۼųŮеܰ͹⻬츾ҷȻŤƨɣȻһǼӲȵȻһ۵ľ٣аԲ°βġ
¹ȻܻһͷһϺɫľջ͡һ׳ȻﾹӦȫû۽խľջڡ츾ҷ漴һкȷײſϣ֫ݡ
һܲˣ˫ץסѩ׻Բμ⣬ǰͣȻھջ츾ҷһʹɱ฽Ųͣ
츾ҷʹĽһĺͥȻﵽһ˷Īĵ͸ɫ˿츾츾ҷݺݵؽľջشٴһҲ޷Լļ飬˵һԼ˫סĴȣִȻ׮ƵģһصֱͦֱСֺףѾǵ޶ȡӲȻСⶴûһ˿һ϶һһһʹѵȻĽϵľջƵĳ롣š˼ұ˰˿츾츾ҷһøоֱȻȵȻÿγ鶯ĥڣλŮǶô°ĸصĺóýһͷںڴ׳ȻĻԲ۵ƨмǽСϸ۵ľջڽţλԹȴֻܣ̫ˬζʵ̫ˣ
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츾ҷϣһƨɺ棬˫ֽס츾ҷ֫һԺ֮ȥ
츾ҷƬƨɱһһһ죬֫ĺҺŤһͿʪʪģѳֲס츾ҷ⻬Բƨɡ
һ츾ҷı󣬽ԼȻֿԸжڿݺݵز츾ҷĹ֮ǰѾ˷˿ӵСſţȴȻİ
һȻĹĹȿĦĥƹĹѾʪ󣬺ݺݵذȻ壬ԽԽֱȫû롣
У̼̫ң츾ҷܵ԰ĿУȻȫ֮һͻȻȫг壬Ů츾ĹĹȴ˿Ե˳ͬʱҲӴȫĴ̼൱ҵʹҪҪʹ㣬ס֡츾ҷغڰ칫ڣҴ֮ǰƴͣﻹ̵ס
һԽ츾еĳɾ͸кȻһȻظҡ
޴ʹкԿгȫ츾ҷƴȫʹ޷йף̵Խã۵Խ࣬󱬷Խ
츾ҷĳ˿־壬ȫʱԼ϶һĸһ֪ʲô߳ܵ
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ӹȻǺܶطԼˮȷе˵ǿ˵ͷޱ˷ܵճҺ塪ˮ
һĳ˶ͻȻͣ츾ҷһȻûгһԼļ͵һ壬ȫ츾ҷ
˸ٷ壬ȻڹĹתȦַ淨ڳÿ԰ĹȽ츾ҷ֪Ķݻĳͷ
˳ʱ룬ʱ룬츾ҷܾԼ˫־Ȼ԰ס칫ΪѾѣȫ³ĿУѾܲĸоһ츾ҷĽתһ£ֻɫ͸˿ŵ޳ȹڼͷ΢΢ѹסԸе㣬ٴη츾ҷҴֱٴľջͣŲľʮ֮á
ȻƽƵоȻҲƵƵ츾ҷ˵Уһɽ̵ҽֱڣһս
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ҷԼļȴɳϿŵӣӣһ¶һ˿Цߡ㣬ôңǲҪѽһɫɫĶ츾ǷزʵʲôҪˣ츾ʵȻһаĿԼһˣɫӡԼСȻô˵⡱һȻס츾Ҫ˵𣬿ҡһһſҡ˵ˣҾͷţ˵ҾͲšС˵ˣҪʱԼ࣬˭Լࡣ˵츾ߵĵͷ۾еʪˡԼôһʵ⻵ôʰ츾Ӻˣһע츾츾㷢磬˳Ǹŵľֹ£Եøˡ
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ʵĸоֱͣײţʹεͣȴǵסкڱŷ
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츾΢Ŀһ˵˵𣿡˵ƺһε˲ò
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עĿģͦǰһѩɽ壬ΡΡ壬ӯӯգʵͦʣʾɫŮͳеĳζ
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һҲ಻סһںסһֻѩ飬˱ţͬʱסһ𣬾ĴวŪ۵ϲ֪ȾĨҺ죬ԵøĺͽޣҲ̱ôϢ
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һ§츾ѹϣ޼ɵŪĶɴҧţǿΪеĲλ֮һ̼ѹŽһɫ̽˯棬ظĦԲȺ͹ĹĹȡ
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꼸̱һĻ˵޼ؽţһߴøȹ֮䣬걻Ħײ̼úþûбɷ򰮸Ȼкˡ
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һ꽿ĵĽ̬סѪڣ޼ɵ˫ְסԲμ⣬˫ȶѩ׵֮䣬ͷųȻﾶֱסĹĹȡ
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˳̴ڣһԥİƬᴽϣ˵Ľ˴˶̰ŶԷеҺ
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һѩ׹⻬ĺ󱳺ͷԲΣȴ˫§סɫ͸˿ŵĻԲȣҳײɫڿĹǰĴɫµ壬˾ʱ˿˵ãֵĸأЦŽֱŰ̢Ѩ
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һҲ壬ſӣʹ𽥲еͬʱԼҲͥ޾ջƮƮȻɾĸ߳ϡ
һ۷壬Ц꣬ҪҳɣС˼ҲŲҪأｿȴŰһ䶯ſĴ棬̧ͷ˿ߴԹصһۣȻͷȥſӣСں˽ȥְܷܷҴŪ׶£ŪŰһȻŪһĢͷͼеۣһ̲סٵشϢ겻ٶŪò˫ֱסһĺΣſɺӣСڽɵȻ̳Խȥ˱
ۿŰһȻ͵˼㣬ѪţĿۣӲ㷢ƮĸԸΪڽһеǿҵˬɵôشϢ
һȻֶӣСڣסףԳڶͦɶţ䷢ʵĽߣһֻ飬Ƭ̼ȻճĿˮ˼ҵĺ꣬ţ󲹰һ鲻ԽͻȻһսһҰްŭ𣬳˳׼绨Ľգɫ̵ҽķϣüĿӣŮɢһ㶼ҽ˳°ʵѩ׷ϣջ
˿ؿŰһѱ˳ſӣСڣ³ɾȻʪ֭Һ
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һ״μʶѩ׷顢ԸгŮ壬һǹ˷ܾԲˣɢĹʣѸ츾ѽķߵøĺӡ
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һ츾ᣬ츾缺ͣԶ˫ַŴأθ߸𣬺ͮͮĻޱر¶һǰ
һֲ츾Ļ꣬󱦱츾Ƭʺмزùͷ츾ĥ츾ˮֱĴ󶯣ƨᶥ˽ţһˡһһַֻֿ츾һֻסһĴ󱦱һĹͷ˵񶴿ڣȻһһƨɣ̡һ󱦱Ū츾ǾúĶѨ
츾̳˿Եúܳ죬һе󱦱츾£ůʹ졣
һʼͣҲ츾ظͣظ츾Ĵ鷿츾һ̼û⣬һˡҽһһ츾ķᶥҲסһı졭ҪйˡһͣŪ츾һ͵ؾҵ£һͣһƵ츾ӹһĹͷϣ츾֮طӡ
һûеõ㣬תڴϣ츾絽Լһַֿ츾ǽ绨סһĹͷһһ֣һһؽ󱦱̽츾ǡСڡУʼʶˬѽʿɡɵöˡˡһסҵĻˡŶһ濴츾ƽյ֣츾츾ˡ츾ʶĽʴʹһˣһ츾ŪĽ࣬ͦ壬˫ָ츾ǰǲͣԾ飬´̼츾ӷ񣬸˷ܣŪøˣҲؼһıҲӿٵ䶯˱š
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츾§һ˸һϣ˵ˣ˯ɣ̫ˡһſϣһ۵ļ޵壬޹ǣѹԡʱҲ֮
һ·ɽһļҪס죬һȻ֮ˣڽӵԺһŵԼļסˡ
ϣΪҰһؼҵýסķ䣬һ޵ķзѵһ룬һһ֤ʵеĲ²⣬ԭһ徭⻨Ƶأһڼңǻܼ֮꣬įϻķֻܿѵָйԼĴŪţйе
һ͵ƿķţһԼָѨ֮Сһôˣȥȥҿô࣬οһһҲţߵǰûӦһѾ顣
汧סϸ֫󵨵סͦ鷿Ҵͬʱ͵ıĶԲƨɡŤ˼ƨɣ÷βĦֶıоȵı͵㡣
֪ԼӲһָˣԼȷʵҪղԼûдﵽ߳ͱһˣȻңҲܲôˡԩңԺôˡ˵ţӣȴһ촽һ˱ǳͣ
ãе촭ƿһ΢΢ĴϢšߵذĽ˽һţСһָϣһԲķ飬еҲúԼһ죬ͷ޵ӣ鷿ϴ
鷿ӴһƣǵôһЩͷ񺬰ŵĻ䣬޵һһֱڻǸûнӴŮ˵ĴУ״õ˷ʢʳ鷿ִһļ¶µĴ󱦱Ҳ̼˷




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߽ƵغߵšҪ¡Ҳ¡˫ֱһĴһѩ壬͵ҫԣߣ۵ļ˷
һƵ촽ǵգ˳ͦʵ˫壬һز˱Ǻ«һżҧɫ⣬ʹ뿪ͦԵ鷿ǵƽ̹ûа֬СĴŰͻһݣСɵĶҲӡ
һټ̽ںڲݴصĻ԰Ũ𣬳ǷһСĵطֿԴڵķݣȻƬʺĴ촽΢ţҰ΢΢źϣм۵٣ɫۣΣ΢΢š
һᴥ꣬漴һ̧°ͣǧĵطʴǵӽ̾һָʪ󣬷ӲһѾ޿̣ſϣ˫ֱ磬ʹսС죬鵴ҲͲסįذȵĺ촽ӡһϣſССһĿƶţǿҵ˱ҪһҺԽһ㡣
ֱ˶촭ŷֿſС촭һɫصҡҪĵؿһ۾ûлشһ̲סصҪ塭ġССѨһеĻ㣬һȼţһĴ󱦱СѨ涥ţƨӭһĴ󱦱۵С֣סһĴ󱦱ض׼ˮСѨڣе͡ǡġⶴˡѡ󱦱塭ɡһּ⣬ƨȻһѹ˫ֲһĲӣֻѩĴҲסһβصı̫̫ˡЩܲˡȡҪȡϰһ¡ͺˡɵӡ㡭ˡСѨ񡭡㡭ˡһе󱦱СѨЮýģһɿֵĵͨһȫźŮԽζƵƵشůϡ˵æ̧˽ϵĵطȥֻǽ۵Ļ걻ŵѿ˵СҲ͵ùĹĵģعԼıԲ̽ңڸô죿ͣĦңҡһƶУسĦᴽ˱࣬м丧ķ飬ͷüӲͦ
һᣬ濪üͷһЩһĴذһƨѹֱһĴ󱦱СѨһŤŷ۵Ĵƨɣŵǡֶˡ졭㶯Ҫ㡭ŤڶΣӭ͡ϡڡŤڣһĶӭϴ͡ѽá͡ࡡֶѽáม֡ˡġ󡭡ѡˡšš˵˽ɵʹһػζƨɣô󱦱СѨһһزһҲŬŤͦĴΣʹһеĿУë׼ˬſˡ
СŲȻذţĵ˷ܺͼڼٵĽб¶šһСӴÿ󱦱ˮСѨ̽ȥʱҵĶëĥҲ൱ö
ɵٶȺһߵ˷ҲԽԽˣĿУʹһɵñ߸ɱߵมҡҺˬมġССѨеҡˡ̫ˡСѨѨܺ㡭á桭ˬһɵҲӴŤڵķȣĴƨɸһŴҡͣʪҲһһɵҧһĴͷˮһͣشСѨй޵ֱƵڡοŤӭһɵٶȣСš
ѽֶɵáˡġҪˡĺáมࡡࡡ顭ˬҡҪҪˡ󡭡ֶˡมมӼٵʶţ۽ա졢СѨҲ˱ţй˴ɴɵ˵ûԵŲܶˣһҲֻݱͣսǰͦ飬浽ɷ̲סͷʺͦ͹ͷ˱
һҧĶŪʡѹĴ鵴Сʪܡ۵ϣһķʴͷתĥţʼȫ顢ۺɡɧ͸ǵһŤŽСǲʱشһ˵ת
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Ϊ⼤һ̣ҲΪεĲʹ̹ģһǿйĿУ󱦱ٶȲ۵СѨѨʹ˵ϣ͡١زŪţԷһɧĽдˮĥġ󡱡׳һ˵˽
ڳõԼʺýŵϲãʹ΢΢У˵ߣɦŪˣĻԵĵ̬ɧ¶ǣұˡһתѩ׷¡һĲŪҡţ۵˫һǰҡţʹһɢҡȵظš
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ʹӽ˶һһ˱̽³һĹͷеǱҧƵġţڶˣһһɵȻһֵģ궯ѪڣƶˣƮƮɣҪйˡֶˡҪŪˡһ󶶲ڼٵͻȻһȫ漴ӲǿҸ߳Ϯȫѣϲϵĳ
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ǴĴ󶯣ɧˣٱһӲʵıһѹǵѣѵԴѨеޱȵĿɧǱͺǷӯ鷿ھһⷬ˱̼ѸԭΪͣۺѸɢԲСɵҲԭǳۺɫתʺɫ
ٵشϢţӣڵѣˣúӣˣĽ䶯øΪ˱һ˿Ҳģ̲סˡͦ˵ı׼ĵԴѨƨһֱͦѨ
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һһ壬ʱ׾Բζ׼ӭȥһı˸ʵʵʱһˣʹѨıڸΪĦűͷһֻʡ٣岻Ҫǰѹȥܽ뵽ѨұѨıڵĦҲǿˣбһ޷Ŀֱӿͷ
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úһϴȥϴɡ´ƯɵڴϡϢȥϴ衣תԡҡ
ܿϴ裬ɢԲʪܵĺڷ͹¡Ľһ˿ҵ߽ҡһĽݣڸϴúˣݹޡȶ˵£ἡӨ覴ã˪ѩ֬㻬ϣͦһʵףͦ鷿ϵ觰ʺˡ
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ĸԽԽʧһʪ֮Уһɫһʷء
ĸԵģһģĸͳȫҵһƬİɣҺ벮ĸСѨһ³ؽĸѹ£ٴסӣСڣ»ɽ֮צҰسۣȻǺһѩױ嵯˳
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һͷ캬סĸ壬ĸصشϢһţѩ޳ȶšĸѩ׷屻һõҧ˱šĸѾһ˱ö飬˫ְסͷĦţ·һͷһ
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ĸǰѾ԰ĿֱһյʧȥǣĸŤѾһ壬áˣǵ겮ĸһĸԼ˫ϣһֻĸ˫飬һֻ˸߹Ĳĸ²Ƭһʪ͸İҺѾ˲ĸĴȡһĸ˵áĸɧôˮĸѾôˣھһúòһɡĸáСͻĥĸߡ˵һӵѾһĲĸ߳ܵţšһҪѨ𡭡ŶѽѽĸԼ鷿ŤڶΣһһ䣬һѪҺڣǿµıӲһĸ̧ƨɣһſȣ˫ȥ鷿ͿСѨ˵ĶҪɡҡ𡭡ŶšĸֱһһĸϿʼлŮ
ĸǶͦʵ飬ҲһһԾᱻƵģ˵ġʱĸǸе޵Ŀ֣һĸſڳϡӺ˲ĸСѨһƨɼٵؽţĸͬʱβҲһǰһͦһһġĸมš㡭มСѨϲ÷Ĵ󱦱ɡšáมһĴ󱦱ڱλؼס󱦱׶šมˡáʱĸβһǰһͦѨĲƵģ̲סȥŪԼ˫ϵСӣң޲ýһıܴδβԼӹţšŶššĸʱ׶ʱǰͦżҲűĥתʱ󺣵ƮۣҡҡѨеˮˮĽĸ˽Уáһ̫ˡšࡡúáมšࡡššһ÷š˼Һˬม󱦱硭ࡡ㡭桭𡭡šš̫ˡšáһЦĸ棬ôζȷһȻѴ󱦱һͦһͦĲţһĸϲͣŪͷһ쵽˵ĽӴС١ĸʱѽ㺹ܡ
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ĸŶҵѨġš㶥úáҲáˬšø硭桭šˡһճ죬˿һ˵ģ֪ѽ߳ˣʹͳݲ壬ͷδֱģɧ˽УһҪˡšûѨһһ㡭ʹĸʹЩ𡭡һһ㣬壬еĸù衭ࡡɧˡһҪĲɡѽ󱦱硭ұĴ󱦱á졭ҪˡĴ󱦱ˡѽҪˡҪйˡһ˵ҪйˣƴӽͳͲ塣˵ѽòĸƨͦһҡҪ侫ˡҡˡĸˡһ֮󣬴󱦱Ѩеòֺڻ˽ѣйľҺţؽһ𡭡
ĸûһ侫ֹͣ෴Сһֱðֱĸһ򾻺󣬲Ƭʪ޺촽
һĸһϣԹĿһԳ̵ģĸǼֱ˵ûõƵģٿȫ׵ļظϣһԸͦ۵Ĵ鷿ϸСԲƨɷԲµëŨܶ룬޳ɫĽϣұޡɧ˵Цݣһԡĸһţߺ˫ȿһϣһһҷֿԼСѨմҺڴϵһĿĸСѨǳۺɫ赣ĸСѨһɹʪҺСѨ񼷳Ƶš
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ĸٰһĵСѨֻһ̬СҲ泩ģมðšมô֡มšܲˡ˺
һ̫ˣĸǰʱһоһļͺ൱һ㣬һ̧ͷԼĸĽϴֻĸѨŵ⣬һļֶ˽ȥ
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ΪһܵĸѨĻɵ䶯ţˮҲϵĲĸѨ˳ʹĸԭŵӸǶúðһมĲĸมСѨˡһ̫ˣտʼʱĸϰߣһļͻûȫĸѨĸüúĸ뿪ƵģֻһһСѨ
һŵมáֶ͡ӡĸมļ󡭡šĲĸǰһȫĸСѨĸ˫һأʼŬǰͦƨɣŪҡţʹɢ磬Щ˿Ʈۼձ߱㺹סϵı޳죬ɧƵ΢΢üŮ˺̬һζģȴĸϣĸһ
һ뵽⣬ʹһǵøֳĶСѨֶӡมĸСѨԶֻ㡭ֻһɡֶӡĸ㡭һĸĺֶӡһมǲĸġðĲĸˬĸҪ㡭ÿɲĸСѨม֪ĸٿѵѨһļ̫֣һеԼĸСѨеýģһȫһһʵĵͨƵģźŮԽζһ뵽Ǻ츾Խһ˷ܵĽ˳ڣĸСѨůýมеһļˡôˬมһม벻Ŷʮꡭͱ㲮׳ˡĸСѨʱɡšĸˡĸİڵһһµŪʱı۾ĿСҪ׽ƵģһҲ˳ŲĸİڶµĸŪֻĸѨˮĸ˽˵ðšһĸֶӡô֡ѲĸСɧѨġĸมֶɵòĸˬĸ⼸׻ˡΪʲôҡˬֶӡĸһĸˡมоô̼һɲĸˬˬมĸֶӺˬɲĸĺˬءมԼֶĵطоˬô̼֪һɡôˬมĸ͸ˡĸ׻˼ꡭСһĸҪÿ졭ɲĸСɧѨòáĸͦǶԼͦ鷿ҲŻζһ̲ס˫ָǶӲͷŪȫĸˬţһֶӡšˡม簡һˡֻܸɵòĸôˬˬมֶӡɵòĸѨˡม졭һġɽĸСѨĸҪ㡭ҪһĸʱͦƨһһµŪţĥתһӣټٵͦΣѨĸŪţʱµͷһСѨʢһĹֶӡมšĸˡĲĸˬˡมĸҪֶӵ԰¡ĸҪ硭ĸСѨม׸硭һֶӡĸˡĸΪŮ˵ܣȫһۻԼ鱩ľ鷢йӭһļҡƨɣˮˮôʪ˺һƬСѨˬมһĸĻġ㶥ˬˡ顭ˬšˬһˡม졭ĸҪԡɲĸɧѨมˡšĸٵĴϢͽ˽һһ˷ܲѣǿԼֳޱŮխѨţҵĿκθо޷ȵģһҲġ
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һһ壬̣һһ׳˶ӲĸѨڵˮ˳ľͲĸȵСѨˡô֡มһֲĸɧѨˡมôְĸɧѨġð졭ĸĺֶӡɲĸɡĸɲĸɧѨΪ߸ϵĲĸһܷйһ̲סĳ𣬴̼һĸѨҲ鷿ŪǻԲʵƨɡ
һ˵ǰԸˡʴǵŮˣֻһйŮˣ֮˿ֻĹϵʲôɹϵһ׵Ժˣ
มĸĺø硭มɵ˼ˬˡԡֶӡص㡭ĸมĸĸαมɵ˼ҡ̫ˡĸŮտõխյѨһеʮˬСѨԽԽһˬѣһˬʹĿ͸ɣٹͷĸĻĺһĻŪ˼£ֳ鵽ѨĥĥȥȻʹĺݺݸ룬ֱĻġ
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มĸһɵĺˬมܺĸˬšСѨеһˡֶӡĸҲˬɵġมĸѨࡡˬม졭ԡٲ㡭졭ĸˬมҪĸˬˡһ㡭šáɧĸһɵݻƨɸһŴҡͣʪѨҲһһɵҧһĹͷˮһͣ
ĸĺֶӡมĸɡԡˬһˡһมĸɵˬˡɧѨˬֶӡ㲮Ҫ졭ɡมĸҪһӶɡһĸ˫̧ߣһϣСѨͻİһɣĸҲ˳Ƶ˫ֽ§һı˵ֱŤθͦףŤӭһٶȡ
ĸ׸硭มĸˡ硭ɵĸѨˬˡĸĸαมֻܡɵòĸôˬมôĸĽɵʹһĻζƨɣСѨﲻͣĳһµĸҲŬŤͦƨɣĽţȻİպͼٵĽУһ֪ĸĵ˷ܺͼ
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ĸͣϢģһֻʱĸϢһ£ĸǰͦ鷿һ̲סĵͷʺͦ͹ͷ˱ĸһҧĶŪʡѹĴ鵴ټСʪܡ۵ϣһĹͷתĥţʼȫ顢ۺɡɧ͸ǵһŤŽСǲʱĴһ˵תͬʱһĴͷÿζѨеĻʱĸӹһһ˱һĴͷ
šĸСมһ氮ˡɡĸĺֶӡšĸСѨˡĸѨҪֶӵɡม㡭沮ĸֹֹһûвĸİȻͣһĥĸɧѨʱĥĸ٣ĸӵɧΣɧѨͣˮ
มˡšһĸĺֶӡ졭šĸɧѨɡĸˡ硭มҪĥˡһˡ졭šĸɧѨҪ塭ҰɡһĸİһټĸխСѨְһýģһĸ˫ȸ߼ڼϣһͳģɧεĸҲſٵͦƨɡ̧СѨ
ҵĺֶӡһมô֡ðมɵĸมĸһˡมһ岮ĸóʵมมֶӡšĸɧѨมĸ硭һ㡭มٲһ㡭̡̡һĸѨĻĽײţͬʱһͷ¿ſĸѨڵһģһһһһһٶҲԽ죬ĸѨˮġ̡̡ܲมֶӡม졭ɡĸһ㰡ɡĸĺø硭ɲĸԡมø硭šĸСѨˬˡ̫ˬˡһһֱԼִļĸƬʺнӣһɽĸСѨĻʱӹĥ£Ȼ͵ĳһ룬üѨĥĥٺݺݵĲɽȥมԡมˬɵҺˬ׸ļͺô󡭡ɵĸˡĸĺֶӡɵĲĸɧѨڻˡˡˬĸˡһᣬһֻҪһĸѨһͻײʱţĸɧѨͻŤסһļͣҲֻǯסԣͣ䶯һļӹ˱ȥǿҵĿиһͣײš
ʮεġĸšҰɧѨˡɧѨеҺˬมҪ㡭šҪɧѨมһɡĸˡĸҲҪɲĸมһɵĲĸˬˬԡǡ㡭ม졭һ㡭ม˼ˬˡˬˡĸϵ̧ƨɣһݵĲȫʪ͸СѨĸȵˮͣĽһĹͷϣ¶ɧͷ飬һü˷ܡֽҲ͸׺ݵĸСѨš
ŶðһɡŶĸѨ岮ĸԡĸˡĸѨһɵĺˬ̫ˬˡҵ׸硭มɵҺˬĸһɵ㺹죬ҡƨɵĽҲԽԽ죬ɧѨļסһϵŤţӹһɹɵˮһӢĹͷϣǰεľһ֪ĸ߳ǰףһĸš
׸硭มĸ춪ˡĸҪйˡมĸɡšĸСԩҡมĸҪйˡܲ졭ม塭ĸĻһһֻʳĶǣþȫĸҲ˫§סһĲӣ˵СѨͻӭһҲٵʶţСѨ˱ţй˴ɴɵˮ
ҵıֶӡŶĸˡมĸĺֶӡɵĲĸˬÿ̲סˡˡĸйˡĸĸйҵĺֶˡมһ£ĸСѨҲˬĲͣйˮˮѨţ˳ŷƨ½˽׵Ĵ
һһδ侫γ΢΢׵Ѩֻһɹɰ͸ҺĸСѨ˳һʹĸõԼʻϲýţɧޱŮˣȫײͨĽɵĺԼֶ񻶡ĸ΢΢е˵ɧ¶ұ˵ӣѩ׷¡һĲŪҡţ۵鷿һǰҡţʹһɢȵĸš
ΪֲĸԼʣҲΪĸ˵壬Ϊ˽üĸֶ˵ĽϷһǿ侫ĿУٶȲĸ۵СѨʹ˵ϣ͡١ĲŪš
ԡһมĸĺֶӡĸĸСһมม㡭塭ԡม̫ˬˡˬһมĸɵˬˡมһ§ĸĸѨĸ߰ĽһȫˬʹѨεţһˬĴ׳ʴСѨǳǳĳš
ҵĸมСѨҵˬˡˬมมĸ׸硭ĸð㡭šҵɵĲĸˬˡ졭㡭ĸɡšĸԺҪɲĸҵֶӡมĸɧѨԷﲻϵĸɧĽдһĥġաա˵һηͦɼ顢бֱͲĸѨֱɵĸ飬ҲһֱŪĸҡΰˮͣţٴйʱһеһĸоˣɧѨڵӹڴ˿һͷһסţķ˿ϵģһæֹͣ˳壬Ŵͷĸ˱ĿС
ҵĺһ硭˼ˬˡมйˡมһɵĸˬˡĸȫţƴͦסһƨɵ˫ͼеģѨһɹɳȵˮһĹͷϣСѨһļȦסСѨĻҲͣ˱һĹͷһ鲻ѡ
ǵøִСѨһһĹ⣬һ֪һҲ侫ˣһĸ˵มҵĺĸСѨáֶҲ̲סˡҪĸˡֶӡˡมáˬ졭һมĸĺֶӡšĸ콫ľӡมȫĸɧѨĸСѨľӡһһ侫ˣѨļסһļͣ˵ŤӭһһҲٺݺݵĲʮº̲סУһĸһɹˮһǴͷϵ飬ӹһһ˱ĿУҲˬľһɣ³һǿľҺȫĸĻ
һּŨľҺһĸСѨĸҲһɻȵľҺ̵ýֶ˦йһΣС૽еѽ硭ĸ̲סҪйһסมйˡйˡø硭ĸûôˬĸˡมˬˡɾҺĸСѨл༤ţһȻİѶԷ§ýģȫڲš鴤ţˬݡ
ȵĸƽϢٶʱһŴĸĸȫļ͸õɫͦͷʺ΢΢ͦţ˵ֻһգ۵ƨ߸ߵͻţСѨʶ⣬죬ںëôԸˣĸСѨ滹ϵһ-ֶӵľҺĸʵ۵ܲˡ
һеۣһﲮĸ·Ϣһ£Լ߳ƲĸһҪæѷԼ鷿ϵõߵ˫
һ˫ͨƲĸȥʵĸô죬ôˣǲˣҿ˵ţƲĸľܾһָƲĸĶͷһ§Ʋĸϸ
ʱƲĸŵΪҹζԻҡû£û¡Ʋĸ뿹һ§ȥܣһ§뱧İƲĸɳϡĸǲǸղſҺĸ˵Ųɷ˵ƲĸɳϡһӶҪѹƲĸˡ
ƲĸһҪʲôûа˵ûУڳſʲôһѾƲĸ緢˵˫Ʋĸһ¡ȻЦĸ㿴СѨʪˣ˵ûУĸȻ͵ǲҲҪˡƲĸæƵûУûҪǲĸôʪˡһְָϵƲĸʪʪڿ㣬ḧŪţƲĸûаҪˡǲĸشһҾͷ˲ĸðɣʰɣĸղû͵СƲĸɫӦԼΪղŵΪе߳ܡǲĸղſˬˬһʵƲĸߵĲ֪ôش𡣡ĸȻ͵Ҫܳͷģͷĸɡ˵һѲĸòĸſɳˣһȻ֡žžĴƲĸʺΣϴһʹĸоƲĸ̼ܾܺû԰ĹϵƲĸĸѨоȻҺƲĸ߳ܣԼ˥һһҪˣҪͷˣ㲮ĸһмɵĴУƲĸðҺԽԽ࣬ͷѾʼӲһʱĴһƲĸΣĴлʱָṵƲĸƲĸƻ䣬ֳȱ԰ǿһϸղſһĻ԰ţšƲĸз˹˵һĲˣƲĸɳϣʱƲĸֻʣķˡ




264¡͵ĳͷƲĸһ

һ˫ḧƲĸ˫飬һֱ͸Ʋĸ˫飬Ʋĸߣ̼ƲĸȫԸд
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˼ά˷ֻлԼһĸŪԼ͡Ʋĸ̱ɳϣ޳Ⱥ˫۶ţһΡ
һ⿪ƲĸۣϵƲĸ鷿ƯͦԲһ԰װ׵Ĵͷ鷿滹зۺɫκʺͷϿΪ߶գںڵĳҵɢѩмͷͷۺͷϣһһӣ΢ţٵĺһ׵ˡͷţִӽŵͷһһ顣⽿͹磬ϵ۵Ľһȫסˣ
һʵ̲סˣĵɳƲĸӣһ£˫ḧͦ鷿ƲĸĺĺأҪš
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һ֧ɳ˫ֱƲĸǡƲĸӲһϣһתȦĦš
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һƲĸǸˣ鷿³ڳһֻ֣˳ƲĸƣƲĸĵ׿֮Уһѱë׵壬Ѿʮֵʪ󣬲֮ˮϴŪʪںڹë
һʮָˣæƲĸĵ׿ҲַֿĴȣַֻֿǽ۵Ļɫмһҫ۵顣
ָƶֿƲĸۺĽϵĻ꣬һĿѾĽ紦Ҳţвϵķڳζ
һָ뿪ڵĽռ⣬ƲĸĺУһָڳˮлĳţƲĸԾͦСƨѾȫʧһȫĵͶ뵽ȵĿ֮Сһָ뿪ڵĽռ⡣
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һʼҵĳ壬ƲĸʹɾУɵת䣬ʹʹѽʹѽˬѽһ㩤ѽѽޣŶһľ޴زţƲĸĻݺݵĥţˮ˳ڵš
һز壬Ʋĸƴϣ˿ֵľ硣ƲĸŤĽһĹƸˡ
ƲĸҲ˼ͷȽؼһĴ̽ȥƲĸٴһըĸоԼҪˣһΣҺ˳
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һһѱվ˫ŲһѨһľ޴ޣޡ˼ղѨͼѱһԡ
Ȼ˼ѱأվŵһΪµļ͸׳ֻãСѨ
Ϊ߳鶯ûʣռȥɡĲ룬ᱻɻģһӽ£ȻСѨаγȥƲĸһڴһܿ콫ƲĸСѨ𣬽Ʋĸǰ˵˫סһ˫鷿СѨĴ˶ʱ䣬һеͷһȣӽ£׼ƲĸСѨ˽ȥһŨŨľҺӹڡޣĸһһ鴤ʹ§һءһ˴Լһӣ֫һɣ㲻ˡһ֪һθ߳
һͣһƲĸ߳ˡһƲĸӿȪˮƨɣɳ
ƲĸڲתӸɳϡһ˫ϸҪ㡭Ҫ߳ܡСţɳȥûߡһӺ汧סһԡҪˡӴĸһҪ㣬һģҪӵ㣡һ߶ʮһһƲĸϸƨ̧ߣʹɳϡԭƲĸıԸˣѩ׻Բƨɵʮ㣬۵΢Ĺɹмȫ¶һǰ




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һϲ飬ϸͺоƲĸһķָֿһָŪС
һֿһۺɫС򣬰Ʋĸÿǣһһָһ¡ӴƲĸһУһͦһҵĲҪҪһͣѽһڸе٣ƲĸӲøһ߰ŤţкԽԽߡƲĸһ¾˴ķӦӢȻ淢
һ߲ͦһ뵽ƲĸڡѽƲĸһһมòĸҵĸαѽҪԶһ𡣡һһáϺƳƳͣһ˷ܵؽš
Ʋĸͣšһҵس˼£Ʋĸٷʶ֫һĶϡĸˬ𣿡һ߲ʡˬеޡһġĸҪ𣿡Ҫһٰɡޡĸȫˡɵáȫ顭ѽѽһеƲĸͲʹ˱һЩޡมһҪˣ찡죡һٴЩһĳӿ١ƲĸĽһĳǰʶѽƲĸһУ岻ͣزᵹɳϡ
һ֪˵εĸ߳һƲĸӰһ˽໥ӵţͷ໥ؽ֯һǱСʣСˣ𣿡ûлشһĿգ˵ͷһӵǡ
һһȻչ۷硣һḧƲĸӲͦ鷿˵СףղŴ̼𣿡ɬؿһãС˵̼˵ֱ꣬۾СĸΣҪ𣿡һʡ΢΢Ŀĵؿһǻ˵۹гߺȻ΢΢һЦֳһһͷֱ۾С˵ѽ벻ҪһϣƲĸ׿ڶһ˵ҪĿ˫֧ӣߵؿһ˵СѾѾˡҪʣƲĸһһ£׿һϡ
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һһ§Ĳӣһ鷿Ǳ߳塣Ʋĸѩ׵һĳ²ʼ̶﷢ݺű㿪ʼ״εĺУһһĸมĸˬʹҡĸôһѾҵˣһ߸ɱ˵Ϊβҡɷ򡭡㲮ĸѽôԡ졭ҪˡһӴǡɷ򡭡ѽƲĸʱһʱһӣһĺɷ򡣿ѾˣգѾֲһʲôˣȫлŮҸСţһáĸѽ졭Ҫˡ죬һ㡭׵ѽˡƲĸĵĴθ߳ƺң˫ֱһָץһı쳣ؽšĸ߳ƽ˯һ̱ɳϣһ࣬һŪ͸
ƲĸһŬ³ӣһһԺкӢ۸УһɳƲĸǰùƱһصޣһһƲĸʩչ
һƲĸԣͷƲĸСѨʱĳܺ£ˮžҺţѶⶼʪˣƬСһһϵءһֻˮ죬ǿСţʮˡ
ëˮ;ҺԺ󣬸ӷ˿̵Ʋĸˮ֮һĻƬ̵´档
ƲĸЦŶ벻ĸһƲĸ飬ʱָɰķɫͷ
Ʋĸߵ˵һղŻû湻ѽһЦŷʵĸղűҵˬˬƲĸߵæϣ治Ȼ˵ĻһƲĸַֿĿ۾˵ûиٳ̣ʲôʲôҿԺúõİ㣡Ʋĸ¶ϲɫ˵ѽ컬ࡣʵҪ˼Һѽѵ㲻ϲ˵Ҫ󻹲ˬȥģ±ڻʪʪġһȥƲĸʪƲĸ˵һֻһšһ͵飬һļͲӲ
һ׽סԼʪᵽƲĸǰִƲĸǰʾƲĸҵոմƲĸγģƲĸǰȻһһô׳ѽжʮ๫֣ѹԼղôʹ
һƲĸľȻ嶶һ¡֪ЧһŽƵƲĸǱϣأͲ͡
ճҺĵƲĸƿһɳߴһףḧĦƲĸļŻеƲĸ˳һзĺΣָͷ֭Ѩ
һͨƲĸһôƲĸ˻㻹Ҫණ˵žȻһҲػ鶯ءĵĸо⫵ĿȡƲĸһļסСɺĹͷƲĸΪһˣȻţС첻ͣȥŪһøɸɾ
һƲĸʮһβ𣬶ұһθͦǣһٴβ룬㽫Ʋĸѹ
һļסԼĹͷƲĸڣⶴһоӹͷһֱߵĸıʪȵСѨס
Ʋĸ̾һһıսҪڶʱٴΰһֻ߳ʣͷ棬Ȼһξ룬ַʽνġɡһʼĳͣÿζףֱˣһͷ㷢ΪҵҡɢְѲݵץ߰㡣һÿһΣẰһƲĸöĽһ̲סҪ侫ˣɵ̲סн΢΢ͦĲˡ˳Ʋĸһֳʮ£Ҫ侫ˡĸҩҲ˩һǿҿֱһ¸̵ľҺƲĸڡ޷ͷ嶼ð΢һƬʪˮһЩľҺһ˵ɽˮһ̲ס̱ƲĸϣƲĸɵҲ˫˫§סĸһƣվŲ壬òã˵˵ţһƲĸššĸ˶ˣֻҪһϲĸ㡭šһϲվŸƲĸƲĸվɡһɳϵƲĸǽߺһƲĸǽڣȻһһ§ƲĸϸһֽƲĸ˫ֱ𻷱һĲӣһһ̧ƲĸһֻȣȻһͦƲĸɧѨڶš




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ƲĸסһһʪѨڣһһ̣ͦһ㽫ƲĸСɧѨ
ŶǡšһΪô֡ÿζĲĸǡһƲĸɧѨ󣬻ΪվţƲĸѨȸոոӵխһԸоƲĸСɧѨﱻһģһ˿˿϶ҲûС
һһ§ƲĸƨҲʼҡΣİѹͷӹĥ˼ºȻ⼱飬ѨĥĥȥȻֺݺݵĲ룬ֱĵġ硭มĸˡšƲĸɧѨҲġƲĸˡšƲĸ벻ˡһɵҺมˬһǰͦĲţƲĸˮ¶ַ飬ʺ۵ɧѨΪһŵùǣò˫§һŤҡεɧĵˮһɵĲĸ̫ˡมˡšɧѨมһܸɡɵƲĸˬˡม졭ɲĸСɧѨ졭ٿһ㡭มһ㡭šƲĸˡһᣬƲĸ糺죬˵Ŀƨһɽһĳ鶯ˡ̡̡ɽСɧѨ⣬ֻƲĸɧޱȵˡš硭ม塭ม˼ҪƲĸҪһ塭׸ԡม㡭һ㡭һĸˡɵòĸˬˬˡвͣžžײ̡̡͡ѨˮƲĸѨӹһһ˱һĹͷһˬ̲סгڣĸมСɧѨҵĹͷˡСѨมȡʪšˬһҲĲĸˬ󼦰͸ɵ˼ˬˡมԡĸĺһมִ֡Ӳšֳɡҵֲ嵽ĸӹˡมƲĸˡมĸĺñɵĲĸˬƲĸĿ嶶ɧ̬һȤܣգһ۵ͷһֻҲһ鷿ĳţʹĽͦƲĸСѨƲĸˮҲ࣬Ѩ˳ƨɹεϣɧ˵ѨҲһļ͡
áðһĸĺһš塭塭ҵһมĴͷָɵĸĻˡƲĸĺһɵĲĸˬˡ󼦰һɡƲĸɵֿйˡĸɧѨҪййˡڲͣУƲĸѾˬýȻҵľˣʱرĽΣ绨һҲԽԽ죬δֱƲĸѨײȪӿˮͬʱҲ̬ϵĲ˫رסһƨƴͦɧѨܸصĹ
һมһƲĸҪˡһɵĲĸˬˡĸĺø硭ɷ򡭡һһҪйҪйˡɧѨƲĸйһˡƲĸɧѨٴνһļʱһԽһֻҲʱƲĸ˫ֽһĲӣ˫ȽЮһʣۻһϣһһֳϵĸɧѨ
׸硭มƲƲĸˡมˬһɵĲĸˬˡĲĸɧѨһܲˡ˼ˡһ˫ֱƲĸȽѹǽϣɧѨţ֮Ʋĸò˫ֽıһı˷ܵĲͣţƨɸ̰ҡӭһ
һĸĺһšһˬมĸɧѨɵĺˬһม졭ĸɡšĸҡĸĺɷ򡭡ĸɡѲĸมòĸˬһƲĸѨƲĸ˵ɧһֺּͦƨɣӶδζӲ嵽ףÿֶƲĸĻģƲĸƨŬͦţӭһĲɣʱѹ˲Ƿᴫȥñ
มƲĸһɵҺˬมԡһĸม硭ƲĸɧѨˡมĸɧѨˬˡƲĸ̫ˬˡ졭มĸɡšĸһѨɡมһɵˬˬĸСѨšɧֽˮֶ࡭มҸɵˬˡĸԺҪҪҵġɡมԺƲĸòá󼦰͡šﲮĸɧѨֹֹมһƲĸСɧѨɵˬˡֲ嵽ƲĸӹˡมƲĸʮˡĸԺҪһɡֲӹˡôมšСɧѨƲĸᱻɧѨֲˡม硭졭һƲĸѨˮʪƲĸëһǺϧĸɣʹĲ壬ƲĸƵģ˫ȽĹסһͣźͣİڶ
ԡԡƲĸСѨɡมһ硭ƲĸСɧѨҪййˡĸûôˬĸһมĸɷ򡭡졭㡭ɵĲĸйˡɧѨйˡĸɧѨˬˬһ̵ˮƲĸӹֱйһ֪Ʋĸָ߳ˣһƲĸϣͬʱһƲĸɧѨƲĸɧѨⲻͣĳ鴤ĿУƲĸӹʹ顢ʹУƲĸˮһһ˳һڲ࣬
һƲĸѾйýˣһƲĸƲĸͷ㷢Rҡ̬˵ӣĶһ˫Ʋĸ˫ȣ˱һƲĸʱƲĸĽȻĽһһǲѨ
һ߲߱ıƲĸǰһƲĸǽڲϣһĽһļ͸˳ȻһվƲĸǰƲĸѩ׷졢⻬۵Ľ͸еָͦԲѩ׷鷿
ƲĸǷ׺ɫӣҴСͷ̵ͦ޺ɫ棬ʹ˿׵ѩס޺졢ڵںڣɫӳ覴õɢŮ˳ĵķϣֱջ˵
һͷ鷿ΧͶ˵Сͷ˫ҲƲĸ鷿һţóڸ߳ϵƲĸּٵĴϢţزҲһһµš
һһƲĸеزһС淼µԴڰţָͷĲֻһʪˮϵһ˱ƲĸѨҲͷȥŪź۵ر̶С٣һȻͣͷšš
ššมһĸĺһ졭ٲมĸˡĸҪˡ찡ƲĸĻһվһһְƲĸϥѹƲĸſ˫ţȻסһǸ͵ѨĥĥȥֱƲĸȫţѨܵ϶ͦһŽһĲƲĸխСůѨȻʼǳĳ
šมš硭ðһֲĸɧѨˡ˲ãƲĸһһ£ּıһͬʱҲʼҡһĶһһ׶šĸơมѨ𡭡ɵˬˬมĸѨɵҺˬม




267¡͵ĳͷƲĸ

šมˬһɵĲĸˬม硭Ʋĸšɷ򡭡มɧѨˡมðĸ硭塭ľƲĸһͱֵˣ֪λŮҪ󸾰㡢ɳҪ񵴸һɧˣһҲ֪ĳֱǿͲƲĸѨ
ҵĺɷ򡭡มɡมɧѨˬม졭ٿһ㡭ĸĺһšĸɲĸɧѨðมһô֡šóҺˬ֪Ʋĸ˫ȷֵø˵ѨҲͦĸǰֻһžžһƲĸѨʱײһ籩ĳ嶯ʹŲҡš
ԡ硭มúม˼Һˬ졭ɡĸĺһมɵҺˬˬˡมԡ塭มĸҡƲĸѨһһŵŪһͷȶȣһ󼦰ͺѨĥҲԽԽˣˮһҲˮ͸ˣŮ԰ıܣʻ̧ͦأһɵø
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มֻвĸĺöܸɵòĸôˬĸĺһมǲĸɷ򡭡װ硭มֶõӹˡ׸硭ĺһ졭ม塭Ҫ̲סˡҪҪйˡһƲĸҪйʱһæתŵɳϣȻ˫Ʋĸƨձֻͷ;ӶɳϣһƨͦţһĸƲĸѨĥšתš
มม硭ĸɷ򡭡ÿˬˡˡมᰡšҪˬˡø硭塭ĸҪйˡ졭һݵĿ壬ʹƲĸ㷢ңյκҵŤţ˫ץɳҪ˺һɧ̬һӵ˷ܣҲӵĲšɵĲĸˬˡˡĸййһˡƲĸĽɳĸţȫƵصľţӹǿҵ̵ˮһһĳһĹͷţһͲ弸º󣬾ͽĵסƲĸӹڣƲĸӹŹͷȤ
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Ʋĸһͽĸ˳ĸڳ֪Ƕĺ£ͣǲҳȥһĸҲɳϣĸ·ѹˣŮһ£߳ܵĵͷһš
һĸβһխСķۺɫڿ㣬İм͹ѨѨмݳһѷ죬ڿˮӡʹһԿĸѨۺѷ죡
һĸԼϣ˱һļͣĸһһļͣϵʱʱŪţһС캬һ˱ţϵ˱һͷϵۣ콫һͷסมšĸȡҺมĸЩมһĸ飬˷ܵıЩĸҲһĻ̧֮ͷһظЦȻһͬʱ˲ɢҵͷ͵ͷȴһغȻһһһĸſСֽһ˽ȥʼйɵ˱
ˬһòСܸͦĸมҺˬ̫ˡҵˬมԡĸԡมԡǿҵĿһˬܲãһòתעһְĸķβһϸĸ˵ѨĸͱˮŪʪڿӡһĸ˷ܶˮʪмѷ죬ۺѨѷһ̲סĸĸڿŪϸ졣ššĸһߺһļͣһš
һĸѱˮĵڿ㣬ֻĸСµεë˿ްķֲϣۺСзˮʪ͸Ǽڿ㣬Ҳʪ͸ĸëƮϢ
Ҳǳ໥ߵƣĸ˫ȴ󿪣һҵľ󣬴Ӻɫëۺ죬һʤգ΢΢ſСѨڶһϸţƬƵĸ֮£ǵų޵ĺɫѨڸڳõˮ
һָĸµѨŪţƬ͵÷ʷʺСһرĵطһʳָĸѨòţһᣬĸѨȵİ͸ҺһָմĸҺ塣
มšһ졭ĸɧѨมšĸܲˡĸĻһѨĶҲΪĿŪŪŪĸһֻĸ˸ˮɧεſһϣС£ʹһָܸѨ
ĸĺһ졭šĸСѨมĸܲˡ㡭ĸɧѨɡมĸץסһŪţڵȫȼţʹԭ浾ĸ񼢿ĵ㣬СѨˮҲָĲŪйšܲˡมһĸม졭㡭šߡԡม;ǡˡĸҪˡมһĸѨǷȻһͷſĸѨѷ죬ͷò˱ĸɰ٣ⲻĸŤʹнȣסһĶ䣬ʪѨһϡ
ҡมมĸɧѨมš졭ĸҪɡมˡĸ̲סһһƵţһŹͷſС캬סһļŪ˱һļͣһĸʪѨһҵζһ죬۾Ųĸ˵ɧѨڲĸůķֱˬˡ
šһô֡óมšĸϲˡมҵġһ˵ġĸˮͣĴѨ˳һճˣĸϵͲУһ촽˱Ƿ³˱ҧǿС٣ֲʱͷѨŪš
มมĸˡһĸˡšһม㡭ĸˡһٽְսƨɣͷͣĸϸ۷۰׵βҲĥƨѩ۵ļŪţҲĸƨϸţȻͷͱȥŪţݼĸ̲ס˫ȶţСѨϵйһˮһɹɻˮʪĿһ
ˬมҵĺһšɷ򡭡ø硭ĸšม򡭡ˬˡĸ˽еҹžķʱҵϢ㺹졢ţһǵôֳͷţһ֧ӲСĹͷ͸Һ




268¡Ʋĸĸһ

һĸСѨˬมһ㡭졭ĸˬมĸСѨˬˡˡšĸҪɡҪһɡ˵ĸɵɳϣָֿѨϵͬʱܵſ˫ȵ˵ɣĸĺһ졭ݺ岮ĸѨɡ͸䴰¹⣬һɳſȵһĸϸ㷢Ʈɢԣ߹ԸеĽſҸΣʷ鷿ڽϸ۵ǰŷۺɫͷͦţϷԲԲ̵ƨɣСƽ̹Ƥ󻬣Բ˫ſɡVͣV͵ĶǷǷ
һĸ濪˫֮һùͷĥĸѨϵѷ죬ĸСѨˮϵˣ䶼ϢһùͷĸСˮ󻬣һ̣һ͸ɽ˴
һǰʶĸӭϣһһֱĸĻġ硭ĸม˼ҵĻˡšˡĸĺһมĸมมһĸˡһȫĸѨʱһеһůůסֺýխĸоһ޷ݵģȻǵڶθɲĸѨָж޷ݣһתƨɣʹһĹͷĸСѨҲ˿תมมһĥĸˡšĸɧѨมĥ顭֡ˬĸˡมĸѨİһһӳѪǴһתȦĥĸѨĻģͬʱͷĸͷĸüͷʧӣһʮֵгɾ͸УҲʼĳĸѨһมĸĺһš岮ĸɧѨมɲĸĸҪһ塭ĸมĸɧѨҪһ塭ĸ˵ƨɣӭһĳһҲ˫εץסĸ鷿ͷ캬סĸӲͦͷ˱ţͣĲĸѨáðมһมԡšһĸĺ졭šĸɡĸ󼦰һˡ졭Ĳ塭һĸѨһһմ˹ˮӿĳĸѨÿһεĲ붼ôʹ˳һײġžžţĸѨˮաա÷޵Ĵɫᡭมĸĺø硭ͣมĲ塭ԡมĸĺϹมĸҪĸĸɧѨԡҪͣĲ岮ĸɧѨมˬมĸRҵɢɳϣǰ鷿ҲΪһҡţխѨˮһ䶯ţݼһеʢҲ̲סļӿٶȲĸѨĸšѨýมеһˬมšһǲĸɧѨ󡭡һĲĸˬˡ졭ĸɲĸมԡòĸɧѨˬĸɧѨһɵúˬˬĸͣţѨڵˮѾģˬϸСӣ¡ţһû뵽һŮ˸ɳģһǰɵġεĸˬมšˬˡมһ㶥ĸӹˡø硭šĸ硭ĸɧѨɵúˬָɵӹˡ졭ٿ㡭ŷģĸһǴŪţļнƨĳĸСѨһֱĻģʹСѨˮͣйһһйͣһɳʪһƬˬมĸĸαɵĲĸˬˡˡšĸĻˡ졭һĸҪһĸɡԡԡĸĸǰεľһ֪ĸҪ߳ˣǸĳ鶯һֱĸСѨǿҶļҲĸˮƴӿѨܵƴĦһļʹûа϶šĸมˬ𡭡ҸɵˬˬҵɧѨˬˬɧѨֻֽ󡭡šɵҺˬˬѽมĸһšɵĸˬˡø硭šֶĸĻˡĸˬɰɡҡมĸĺһݺݵĸɡ塭ĸ¡ҰɡһԽԽ̡̡ͣĸţĽ̼һԭʼҰԣҲĸѨǷܵˣϧƴţĸҲ§һӣнŮеĴ̼ʹȫޱȣͦεӭһÿһεĿ塣ðһšĸ챻ˡมһมĸˬĸˡһɵĸ֡йˡˡมĸййһˡһɹ̵ˮĸӹ̵ֱһĹͷҲѣһݳ͸ɣͷĶĸĻģֻɵĸ紺˿ӹĻһһϵţˮϵСѨ˫ֽһβͦͣӭһĳݵĸһมɵĲĸˬมɡһ㡭ม졭ɡԡมһֲĸӹˡĸҪйˡĸɧѨ֡Ҫйˡˡĸйһˡййˡһʱ֮䣬һоһĸɧѨȵȦסͷĸӹҧ˱һζеޱȵ泩ﵽ߳ĸҵزţ˫ӵһıۣйĿУһҲ˳Ƶϣĸһһϵ˱һĹͷĸоɳϣٵĴŴƷǼζ
һһĸڸ߳Уһһɳߣһĸڴϣͬʱֿ˫ȹһ˫ϣʱһǽϵľӳնҵģɿĸ͸죬ϸļǰ鷿Բ̵ͷϸխ֦ʵԲСƽ˫ż߸¡ںëƬ۵УһܼͲɶ΢ķۺɫ죬ˮһͻ٣ѷĶˣܲˣ
һһסĸѨϵѷĥššĸ㿴ҵɧѨءһมĥˡĸˡšม졭һĸĺһĸɧѨﲮĸֹֹมĸһĻ󣬾ֱֱĶžĻ濴һʪѨĥţһó˫εİǰʵòŵһ׼ˮСѨ
มšһĸɷ򡭡ĥˡĸɧѨˡ塭ĸɧѨมĸɧѨˡĸ飬ҧƬ۵ţмˮģһļ͸е̡ʪġ
ĸššҪѨˡšɧѨҵ̽ȥɡšáĸῴġ졭ĸɧѨˡมĸˡšĸĺһ콫ɡมĸš




269¡Ʋĸĸ

ɧ̬ĸһû뵽ƽո浾ľģĸΪһôķɧһϿ콫СѨһ׼ĸ޺ɫʪܵⶴͷƨһ̧̡һһͺĲĸѨˡ
һļͿĸܵĸɧѨεķӦţһͦ˼£ֱֳףǰ˵Ĺͷ嵽ĸӹ棬ҲĸѨ
ðมšһšְѲĸɧѨˡมšĸ硭õɧѨˡšม졭׸硭มɲĸɡมĸܲˡĸɧѨҪһĴ󼦰͸ɡšĸǽխѨһŵýģӹڸһĹͷܵģʹһѨĻĸһһɿĲţһһ˱ҧһͷ鼫ˡšĸ㿴มһֲɧѨˡš㿴ɧѨֽšҵมมšԡҡĴ󼦰ְ֡ĸɧѨˡĸϲһมมÿβĸɧѨóŰมһָһˡĸɧѨһͽĲһ𡭡һһ߰ĸ鷿ŪСͷһ߱ĸͷĸӹתţܵݼĸҲŤϸƨҲʼ¶ţˮʪһɧѨĹͷһ֪ĸҪǱ
ĸ硭มˡšһĲĸˬˡมšĸһѽมɷ򡭡졭ĸҪมɲĸɧѨ졭ĸĻġม졭һɰɡһһ϶ĸѨһ߲ʱְ鷿һҲ쵽ϴĥתŪĸ٣ʹĸɧѨһ󴤶һɧѨ̵ˮ
һ졭มĸҪɡԡĸɧѨˬม㡭มĸһáɵĲĸˬˡǲĸɷ򡭡ĸġø硭һɡมĸɵˡมĸԵĽһ˫ȵĽţһеͺĸɧѨһ϶ҲûУǽһ͵ɧѨһеһܣһ˫ĸϸ̧ͣţҲһζ϶ĸɧѨ
ĸ쿴มҵɧѨءมšĸɧѨŵมˡĸһมĸɧѨһĸɧѨءมɵĲĸˬĸһ岮ĸɧѨˡĲĸˬĸӹˡšมม֪ĸʼµһĸĶҡķ鷿ҵӣһҲĽĸƨѹһϣĸมˬһĸɧѨˬˡĸɷ򡭡硭ֶĸӹˡมĸˬˡĸˬˡĸĸαมĸֲˡšҺˬҪҪйˡҪйˡҪйˡĸǺ죬촽ҧţͷɢķ˿һĴŤƨɣ߸ߵţʹˮѨͻСѨˮȪˮֱӿһҲ˳ƨɹʪɳ
ˬˡมˬ׸硭ĸĺһมĲĸˬˡšĸĺø硭塭ԡ岮ĸĸˡˬˡมᰡҿˬˡžĸһģһޱȵ˷ܣһŬĸ֭СѨҿ壬ֱֱĸҲǣˮԽԽ࣬ѨӵȣƨɿӭյĸܼҲһĹͷĸɧѨһһ֮䣬̡̡졣
һม̫ˡĸɧѨˡมĸûôˬˬĸСѨˡšðһɵĸˬˡһĲĸˬˡมһ졭มɡĸİһøӺݣĸҲ׷ƨɣɧѨһýһˮֱһĹͷӹڸҧ˱ʹһеޱȵ泩һûֹͣǼĸѨĸҲҡŤƨһĿӭš
ˬˡɧѨһɵĺˬมһĸĺһԡมĸ̫ˬˡมֶĸӹˡĸֲˡĸҪҪйˡมһ㡭ййˡšһӣĸɧѨڵӹͻȻСѨƵһ˱ţҪ߳һɲǣƬǺ۵ͼһǵŨŨˮ̵ȪӿһûĸϢʱ䣬һĸɳߣһվڵ׽ĸ˫ҷֿ߾٣һѹĸϺͷƴ˱ţŪĸˮֱѨصĲţＱĽһס΢΢ſѨڣͦƨɣҡڷΣƬ͵һźϣһ˽ȥ
มĸĺһɲĸɧѨһ㡭มһЩĸɧѨˡ졭š塭ɲĸɧѨѨðĸˡйĸٶȽһĸ߳խխСѨζŤҡڶѨͦţһͷ⹵ˬһ˳ֻͷѨĥ룬ڲĸɧѨʱټתһȦ
һมมĸˬĸˡ硭มԡɡһ㡭ٲ塭ˬˡมɵĸˬมˬˡһˮաաУͣĸѨţֱײĸѨžž죬ĸҲһһµӭһĳɣ˫һǰͣʹһݵĲͷֱײĸĻģͺݵĸѨĥת
šĸˬˬҵɵˬˬมСɧѨҵɵˬɡˬมһɵġĸСѨˬˡһĸɧѨˡมָɵĸĻˡ졭ĸһšĸҪһ㡭มһ㡭ĸɧѨҪһ塭ԡมֶӹˡšˬһĳ壬ĸܺӹڣеϣתţˬĸһתֱҡͷ۰УֱŤˮĴѨһֱɧ̬ˡ
ҵĺһɷ򡭡มǲĸ硭มѨĺø硭šĸɧѨĺһĸ̫ˬˡ˼Ұˡ졭ٲҡˬĸˡมֶҵĻˡšˬˡมһĲţµСѨе䡢Ťҡţһ˵ʲô׳ѲҪˣʱֻлŮе棬εĽŵ档
ˬˡมһòĸˬԡɰมһ㡭㡭ɲĸɧѨԡ塭มĸɧѨҪҪййˡĸҪйһˡĸһ֫շ׺ͻתպһӹĥһĹͷѨеһĹͷɧѨһ˿˿Ŀ϶ޣһޱȡ
มĸɧѨýеһˬĸ졭ŤƨɡšҿҪ䡭侫ˡมĸİĹһšСĸɡ콫ľĸɧѨšѲĸɧѨɡมĸء졭




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սһıɳϣŸ߳ٺನСһĸ֮תƲĸϣš
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һʱƲĸɳһ£ͷе㺦µһƲĸ£Ҫ㣬"һ˵ͷȻŽͷСƨۡһĹͷʵ̫󣬶Ʋĸĺͥʵ̫С˼βûмȥƲĸʹѡ
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มðһŲĸˡһһٰƲĸСⶥ˽ȥöƲĸѨϣʱƲĸѨһһյģһƲĸѨŪˬޱȡ
มһĲĸˡšĸܲˡมһƲĸѨתƲĸ˫ıסһͷСѨϰýģһһ٣һƲĸšţ
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ðƲĸมһԸеƲĸ˿һĿ̰˱ŪһԳ̵̬֮һԡ
ʱƲĸҲС죬գһͰһĹͷһеƲĸͷһĹͷϾŪţһˬĿ⣬ʹһǵøָƲĸԸеСǿҪɲˡ
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ŶšƲĸˬԡมƲĸıܣһеŪһӲ͵ŹɳϵƲĸһѩϸ۵ĴȱҲѨйˮŪʪϵëһɵͦƨ̧һܸƲĸ
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ԡ졭ƲĸҵˬมŶҵɧƲĸҿˬˡƲĸһһ˵Ŀ֣ҲһĵЦɧ¶ƵĺһӲǵֱŪš
ŶýС졭šҺŶƲĸ졭ҵมƲĸõС죬ĺһů͵ġĽխУͷţһˬü飬סͦƨɣƲĸ쵱Ѩĳš
ŶɧƲĸҺˬˬˡŶƲĸ㷢ʱƮԣ££ɢͷǸ鵽ʱ
첢ûͣɵľŪ˱һ̵΢֣泩һҲѩ塣
һ̲סƿƲĸһͽƵɳϣһȻѹƲĸ۵ϡ
ʱƲĸҲȵյԣ˱ɳŤһţҵĲࡢҰšһ뵽ڱеĶׯƲĸȴ񵴸ŮĺɳϣһһȥɧСѨһͼ
һһʰ˺þúһŴƲĸһƲĸʱƲĸҲԶķֿ˫ȡ
ֲѨ׼ӭһһƲĸ˫ȿƲĸˮ˸ŵѨһ̲סһļŹͷƲĸʪʺšĥšš
šһšƲĸɧѨҪม˼ҪƲĸҪһŶƲĸɧѨ




273¡Ʋĸĸ

ƲĸСѨһĥֶˮֱҲ̲ס΢ֽһֻ׳̧βӭһһֻƲĸѨڲϵĻԲ˶
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鷺ĵɧģݼһǡƲĸһมšƲĸɧѨมһƲĸ㡭Ʋĸš콫塭ƲĸƲĸɧѨһƲĸɧջţеҲ˼㣬һƨǰһͦȻ˵ƲĸһҪȥˣƲĸϵˮһֳ̣һƲĸСѨ֮ˣƲĸҲһѨʱ˫ֽץסɳ塣มǰСѨˡšһְƲĸɧѨˡมƲĸҸมƲĸСɧѨһġˡ졭һٲ塭嵽ɡĻ֮һǰƲĸѨտʼųУһ֮󣬷һҪһļ͸ȥƵģһȫƲĸѨʱһͶƲĸѨĻģŪ˼¡ŶƲĸšСɧѨýеҵˬมšһƲĸɧѨ֡มһƲĸมһƲĸѨȫȫİţɧѨǻӭĵƵ䶯ţһƲĸϰѴսĴһ߽ϣһ߽ǣÿ˵ͷʱƲĸסһѨͻһˬͽֱ飬ƲĸѨĥĥȥȻٴκݲ룬ֱġมһมƲĸˬˡһมĴ󼦰ֳִ֡ɵƲĸˬˡƲĸĸαƲĸˬˡһһ߻ĳƲĸѨһĺסƲĸͷͷţ򺬻˱ʱҲҧƲĸѨӿˮɧѨҲļһļ͡ҵһšƲĸɵĺˬมƲĸСɧѨˬƲĸĺһɡมƲĸˬˡƲĸˬ졭ɡһɽƲĸѨʱһܲӹĥ£ȻȻĳһ룬üѨĥĥٺݺݵĲɽȥ
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Ĵ̼Ʋĸڽ֮Уһ̵ȫԵۡ泩ȡˣ΢΢е˵ߣɧӣһתѩ׸۵鷿һĳ鶯ҡţʹһȵĸţһûƲĸϢʱ䣬ĸ
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һมˬˡมƲĸһˡ˼ҵĻˡˬĸˡһƲĸðมมƲĸƲĸСѨˡมɵˬˡมƲĸ˫ֽһýģƨҲͣͦţʱĽһҧѨշĥŷùͷĻתÿһĹͷƲĸӹʱƲĸͻӿҵץһıš
ƲĸһมƲĸСѨˡƲĸˬˡมƲĸһɵƲĸˬมԡֲ嵽˼ҵӹˡˬˡˬˡһƲĸƲĸɧѨÿĥһΣƲĸĽͻ鴤һ£ÿ鴤һ£ѨҲŽһΣֱСѨ̵ˮֱһĹͷƲĸӹһСƵĺ˱һůֽĸоһе޵꣬ʱֻ̧֪ܵ߷ΣСѨͦͦ
มһɷ򡭡šƲĸҪˡƲĸˡƲĸСɷ򡭡ƲĸˬˡƲĸһˡมˬˡƲĸ̶סˡƲĸйһˡ졭ƲĸɡƲĸʧˣٴӭϵĸ߳ſ֫йɳϣһҲһխѨƲĸѨ˱ζ
һֱȵƲĸѨٳ鶯ʱһŽƲĸһƲĸɳϣƲĸҲ˫ֳɳϣϥǣ˷ʰ׷ƨһƨɺܿķۺɫСѨһƲĸ󣬿Ʋĸ硢˵һƲĸˮƨϵСѨһʱƲĸҺɫԲھͻ᰼ݣԱߵҲͬʱǣΪƲĸˮİһ˳ľ͸˽ȥ
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274¡Ʋĸĸ

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ҵһมֻܸɵƲĸôˬˬࡡมø硭ԡ㡭һ졭ɵƲĸġСѨˬˡһมƲĸĸαɵ˼ˬˡһıסƲĸƲĸƲĸĻģ鵽ѨںֺݺݵĲ˽ȥתŹͷĥƲĸĻģʹʱĻعͷһĵЦ۵ƨҲǰҡһĲɡ
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һ̰ŲķۺɫͷͷŲͣŪס˱Ҫͷǿֱĸʹŷſ촽·鷿ҡڵһ˶Ƥ򣬲˰ζǰˣ޴ͷҺ⡣
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ѨڵѷڲۺڵŴ߶һjʹĶӾңָĺ蹵ǰ󻬶Ļ꣬ۺɫճĤһ컨ţмɰųֲ֣ڵͷ㣬ڲ¶ɫĤ
һ̾ĸƯ뵽һĸͷһߣ԰׵շһƬ죬ǽޡ
һŲ̧ŸӼҵ༼ͷʸȫɵ⣬ھʵߡ죬Ȼָҷֿ֭ʹ˱٣ĵۣϪΪð֭ҺɷĹʥãۺɫ۴ҲȫɺɫСƬͣز
ྡȡܵϪȫͷƣССܿ¡ָоԼоһͷѷתģǿjʹ
ʱĴȸ౵Ӧһ㣬Ҳ϶Ѿ۵ֻɻ걻һִֵָͷŪĥš
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ʮ׵ҵѾſʪѨǰ΢µŹأ˷ܵһȻһͦ͡һִĽâڣͻߡ
ಢ֣˱סߣ԰ĿС޷Ľ崫ĿУһȣϣܰĻϨ𣬡һ񽿺ĿС
һۼԭ߸ϡѽĲĸԭе߳𣬿ҵؽг˷ѵǷ۳ңŰϿиǲͣᱡ⻳пµĳȫűͻĿУʶûˣӿҺϴ壬ȡ졣
ͣĻ󵨵İڶһԼ嶯ŵđjܵĴ̼ʱֻ崫ҳУǹĸоǰתһȵĸоӹ
ѩ׵ĺŲͣſԼϵ˶֪ԼϼӴҽһĸÿ֣ĸֻ㡭һˡǳۺɫ⺬һͣĴҵԽΪ˴Լһʱ䣬ĺڷĻ裬һͻȻеΧڱڵһǿתĸһǯƵļסԼҲֲ֧סâٴηĹԣһ̵ĺڡ
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ʱһԼŵ˲ĸСߣ֪ɿܣ࣬ʼͣĽâͬʱͷҲʼתοͷͻߣ촽סͷ౵˱
һܵĸеҺҲԼ˫ַڲĸͷϣָŪŷɫĳͷסļͦ飬³ͷ䣬ͷǵµͺӦĸͷһץס鷿ֿʼŪһֻԾɸŲĸͷ
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ſסڴԲͦѳѪĹͷͣ̾һһĽâͬĺӻһֺܳɳƵӣС죬԰޴ĶŽ˵ǺܷĹĸͲɡʽĿڽ
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ͻȻһǿҿУԭһֽŲãҽֺѨڣŮӿĿֳʹͣشҲϵһתһǰδеĺ˳зһ˱һȻ¡š
һĻ˶һݏĽʪԼĪյʱһֻûһһһѾҺ
һȡŨֳҺ壬ֱ֮УfĵİڵľҺȫԵһǬһľҺûȳζлл㣬ưص㣬໹δͷǵľҺȻһɹͷʼͷŰѸϵľҺһһ¾̵һʵһ㡣
һĽܲĸķֵԭ칦ôһҪһţһԼһ˫ħ֣ȥ̼ȫԸд
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ѩס鷿߰ͦûΪͶʧȥԲסļִԲ޵ͷ̼ͦϣ⻬еļŹ
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ַֿԼĴסĴŪˣϡѩס޳ĴȲסŤѩ׵ķμͦסĲָѨϿŪ塣дƵҪҪȫ޺졣
һֱĿСѨҲ޷еӲֱͦǰһִִ󣬴Ĺͷһ쵰͸ͷˮ̫ҫ⡣
һһԼĲĸʱʧȥֻҪ˵İοһ˵ϣȫһӱ
зźҪ졭ҵСѨˡҡҪ˪ѩֱһѱסһ˷һ
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ʹѱһĪĿ棬СѨ֮ܣɵķ˵ŤΣзĵǵĽ졭졭ҪˡáҡҵɧѨááһĸһ˽д̼Ѫڣ˫දĸ˶˫飬ִļĳŲĸСѨ
ִļѸٵСѨг뷢̡̡˵һһСѨˮͬˮһĿ䶼ŪʪһִûйĿ
ֻеСѨֳʵþûгζһɵĴŤзĽ졭ù񫡭áôļ͡СѨááˬɧѨˬˡȫڲϵĿ֮Уӭѩ׵ļˮʪŹ͸ſе˷ܣ˿
˶βͦɧѨʧȥƵģؼһһҰްĽòĸġСѨеҵġˬһ˫ĸķΣ޴ļһαһο졢һαһκݵĳִ͡ļѸٵСѨгĸӴӲֱ̡ǵСѨױȵĿѸȫɢ
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һĳͣÿĲ벮ĸСѨеĸСѨϵ䶯ļסĿдȫʪСѨֽʮŮɿ塣ֱ̼һͲš
ֱŪСѨ󿪴Ϸۺⲻϵı롣߿ۼ糺졣ֻڷΰѱСѨŪ
һ˫ֲŪĸ˫飬۵ͷӲͦ˫ֽסһƨ°ĳСѨ۷סӣ뿪ȫ಻ɵ÷ͦΣ̰ȡ֣ճı顢ͷɢ㺹֡ţŶϡááʹ졭㡭Ҫɡˡϣҡܲˡมรรáôļ͡㡭ڡˡҪйˡˡйˡ༱ٵӭϣСѨһ󼱴ٵ͵һɲǴӻйˮֻйźתΪеסȫ¶˳Ŵͷһڡ




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һһˮעڴͷϴ̼Ӳͦһʧȥ˱Էĳ͡ڲĸйСѨг岻ͣӭţԼ߳ܵӭһɵѵ
һǴִļĿȴʹԿܣ顢ޱȵĸоԼСѨȫįһֱˡ
ױһǹ˵ˣ˫ֽסһβ°Լƴͦһ
Ѩıһɵд֫ٺ˵ͿΥܹˣʹ˼㣬ηͦˮʹؽϣ԰Ļ顣಻ʱ̧ͷ¿һǴ׳͵ĽԼСѨԼѨڵƬĳ岻ͣķֱɵŶááˬһĸᱻĴ󡭡ĸˡĸϲһĴ󡭡Ŷ󡭡ĸ桭һ١㡭ô沮ĸԡĸҪ㡭졭ɡĸɧѨġһ졭ɲĸɧѨһ㡭Ľͷɧı̼һҰԺݺݵسţ˿Ľѣ㺹߽š
һĴ̼޹˼ɵСѨġ̡̣֯һڷл졣
˺֪ԽһŪĸ˫飬ݺݵĸšˬƵƵŤڷһĳ壬ƴ̧߷ԱСѨϵĸСѽĸĺáһһáô󡭡û塭ĸˡڡˬҵĺһһĲĸมÿҪһˡһĸˡҪҪˡมͻȻ˫ֽסһıָУͷһСѨȻҧסһĹͷһʪȵˮֱй̵һͷ͸ĵֱƵ
Ұްĺз壬ʱȺľҺעСѨֱˬȫΡ̴ٵ
һǸйûήӲһԷĳͣ಻òӭһ
˸ӼҵԽµǵشǵëïʢŨڳ޵СѨ۵Ƶҷֿмһ϶ıţˡ޼ˡ
ʱһʹһڴϣǴִմˮֱͦͦӲͦ˶Ĺͷ滨ˮ˳Ű¡಻ɵһô󡢺ô֣ҵСѨȻɣѾ̫ˡһϣԼСѨ׼һ˫ַֿѨڶ׼°СѨУǴʱһԣ˫ıסķδִһͦͻˣֱѨȫûСѨ֮УһֻеһůխСⶴˡ
͵ɵϳ壬СѨкݺݵĳ鶯༤ҵĽšʱţеСѨʮûйġֵġġ˵ĿдСѨ֮ѸٵȫɢһһĳԼɵķȫҲ˷ܵķȡ̣΢աաԸеĺ촽һһϵĴϢţ۵С಻ס˫ŴĳͶβҲһǰһͦԽԽֱˣæĲĸ㺹ܣҲ㷢ɢҵŰڶ裬
СѨⲻסıˮѪˮĴɽ෢дһѽѽˬ˫ץԼķ˫鲻ϵŪ귢ܵ˺ʱ׶ʱǰͦżҲһĿϲסĥˮԽԽĿ䶼մʪˡ౻ɵɵɧ˵ĽеѽûС뵽Ůϡԭˡˬ󡭡ɵҡáˬСѨˡáá硭ɡҵСѨ̡̡Ľʹ߿ۼ糺죬ֻڷοֱ䲻ͣ׶СѨŪһСѨ׶ĴӴ׳ɵͦӭɧѨһ˫ҲʼįĺݺݵࡢŲĸǶ»ζĴ鷿ô鷿ִַ󡭡Һһסİ棬ͷӲͦԣܲѣ̰Ů֮֡ճĵıҵʶáġϡҡ׻50࡭ꡭȴȴ֪ζҪҪҵġɧѨøһҪҵˬˡʱԼȫˮ֮֮ˣȵĿд̼ȫܣʰ׵β䣬ÿһĲСѨֿٵ˳δ˶Ĺͷײڻ֮ϣĿдȫŨڵëʪܵСѨܣƬⷭѨڳŵĴ󿪣ݺݵĳֱҪСѨɴƵֱˬ˽УѽˡҵĺˡɡҵɧѨม졭ҵ׸硭ԺҲˡȫ㡭ҪѨˡҪˬˡˡһ˷ܵĴ˫ֽץסһļͷСѨĥסн˱Źͷ
ȫһ̵ӻйˮֻй㼫ˣȫһϣտܵĺʪˮһĴͷֱ̼ĴͬȵһʹСѨŵĸ󡢸ֱˬһͬҰһĳ鶯ֱɵȫûӭϣȫȼա
һ˫΢վǳĿС鷿ҵĦһţзáˡҿ졭졭ˡø硭졭ײˡɵҡáˬĺˬԽֱԱߵȫ˫ֲסԼ˫顢СѨ󡢿ŪСѨ֮ˮʱƣ౻ɵйййȫСѨףѨڴ󿪡
ʱһͻȻƵ˷ڲĸĸϷȫĸĸӭϵĻ壬зĺУááСѨеˬÿ֡ҪɡɴҪˡһļͦδκݺݵײģֱײĲĸ֫ٺ鼫ˣͻȻضڻϣһʹʪȵľҺͬˮһСѨ֮С
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һᣬһղĸоɵ¶ЦݣǾϾ塣౻һĽ޵΢ӵĵͷĵСղɵĻ𣿡һһĴЦ˫§࣬˫࣬ͬʱ˵ղŻҵСԹԡͷС쵰㲮ĸôСԹԣûûСġһ˫Ūֻȫ˵СܵǰСԹԣղŻ𣿡ͷ⼫ˣûôһĵôԺҪҸɣҵӺòáһֵһôûûСģĲĸ챻ɵĺˬѰĶ㣬˵ҽ쳢Ůϵζ󣬲ᵽʲôֻԧ첻ˡ̫ˣԺԸɡ




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ҲҵػӦһĶһ̼ѪڣصϳͬʱͷָҲСѨѸٵĳ鶯Ū
ˬ෢֮ĽŶһȡô󡭡ɵĲĸСѨ̫̫ˡһѨ̫̫̼ˡһɲĸѨĸ㡭ɲĸġɧѨĸһذڶͷסİڶЪ˹˽УйеĿС౻ŪҲáһá塭ҵɧѨһˬŶŶáĸˮˡˬһ޸˽УĸŲĸѨҲסŪŲĸķ飬Ŀ֮УҵĽϣϷġ̣̣һҰްĴϢ֯һͣڿл졣
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෢Ÿ߳ĿСһ󣬴Ӻ׼סźϵСѨ˫סķǰһִͦļѸٵûѨ֮УˬೣһֱСѨ͡飬ζȫɵʶβĽеáһáô󡭡ô֡ȡ졭ɲĸɧѨ𡭡㡭ĸҪҪáøɡһһ˽д̼رԣĳһαһο죬һαһأݺݵײСѨزСѨ֮пײηžž
Ľҵǰʶ㷢衢ʴ鷿ǰҵҪһӺץס˫Ū棬ݺݳδֱˬ֫ٺ鲻ѣвϲɵڶӭϷ˶Ľһ̫ˡĸˡɧѨ졭챻ɴˡôļ͡Ұ㡭סСԹԡĽ̼ѪյСӱȫǱܷɿĳֱɵǰʣſڵϷһеɡ㡭ô͡ôɧҪ㳢塭ɧѨζؽϣҵš˵̬һġתĵȵĿд̼ڱ˹Ϳ硭ɵġɧѨˬôô֡׻ˡ֪˸ˡҵɧѨˡáһ̫ǿˡɲĸСѨĸȫˡһĳ͸ɵˮϣϡһָֻеһＱס˱ŹͷеĹͷˬˡĸĸСѨеˬˡŶĸĺáһɡˬˡñĸˡˡҪˡʶΣȫй˳ˬȫǰſȥ˳Ѩڶ෢ŶŶŶŶ
СѨһһϵˮѨڱŪĶڴ󿪲סſڵܸ߳ϡȫƸմˮ̳һ
һʱʵĸ߰˸ձСѨг߲˷еСѨС
СѨг壬һ޸ʱƣ౻ɵйһһΣйȫ֮ˮһء
һڲĸСѨ˹̵ľҺſڲĸšڼҵԽѾƣڵϡ˺һ˲Ż




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һһŪһߵòĸ㻹һطûиǣҪţŶʲôطĸ𡭡áһĸáŪĲĸáѹĸҪһĴ󡭡һĸҪƨۣǲĴŮأĸҰɡһ˿ĵһĸûСӺŪĶô󡭡۵ġҪˡ𣬺òĸҪҾҪ˫ּӽСѨƨ۴ŪŪͣޣҪοɵ˽УáһҪŪˡáĸѹҪĸӦˡ졭ɲĸһһϲòĸſڵΣĸκ˫ڷ۵Ū׼ˮë׵СѨĲ˽ȥ
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ѩ׵˫´ǰҵĶһ˳Ųĸ⻬ıӺץס˫ꡢŪ鷿ͷһʹ෢ˬ˵˽Сһĸġáһġô󡭡ɵĲĸɧѨáù񫡭ˬĸġĸáһ硭СѨáˬʱСѨѾɵĴ󿪣ˮͬйһʹô˳֮ڶͻȻһѲĹĴ˳ˮĴɽ
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һ˫ֽסĸķβͬʱеƨеİΧ͡ѹɵĳ鶯ƨгɬɬĺѵһֱζĿдӴȫһ˷ܵĳ鶯ȴҽʹ˺˰㲻ɵƴİ󵽣áһĸܲˡҪۡĸˡءҪһͣҪˡĸˡŷһĴĳ룬˺ѷεʹʹ޹⡢ɫҰһһʱţеƨвôʹһԵ飬ʹĲ֪Ŀдƨдȫ
ҲںˣŤһĳ壬һʱеƨ۲տʼʱôɬʪʹôĳˣɵļӿ˳͵ٶȣݺݵĳ͡
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鼱ٵǰζҪͷӲͦСѨ֮ˮϵȫ㺹ܵȻͦӭϡ
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෢һӲĸƨаγޱȵĲ˲ĸ˷ܵСѨ֮ĳ壬ˬ˷ӭϣԽһһĲѨ£йһһйȫš
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һУҺϢߺĵͷһ§ߣ˵Ųˣġߵ˵еģôз֮š㣬Ϲоɷڴˬ𣿽ˬһ°ɡûоɷΣǷ޼飬ҪܡĸϱӦ˵°ɣȻһɫɫ˵ϱʹӦ˰Ȼҵģˡ͵Լϱ裬ôܴӦӦô죬һܲ˵ġ͵˵ĬȻˣһˣ֪ӦˣһϲǿŮˣвЩŮˣϵŮ˲ŻԼ泩
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ŶׯԼɽһȵӵ½еѲѶ𣬽ؿһʵϣű˴˵գƽճ羵ʪңĥ𽥼£շգ̺µһȫһУ˫ֻ˵ľֲĽ̬˵жද˾жôˡ
һϣ˱Ƕһ޳СϺŪŮԵĶУ˺Ĵ£ѣ̼ɧڻһҡҷķ
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һ˵ĻȥϵľӨ飬ӵ״ĸ߹塣͵У˰֣ʹ˶Ĳ޸߹ϳ˼͵ַ飬̬㡣
һɵеι֮ˣȺڣ־ڸơ˲ĿЦ֡ģֹԸ࣬ԸϥԽԡԽģð֮Ϊ´ǣ֮ȡ̻ǨĿת֪һеԨġ鸳йŴʫʷġʮԸ׷Ů֫ϵ׽;ϵֱ׵㷢Ů鰮ĿĵؿһһؿĿԣüĿ飬һץסָܷܷ֣סָܷܷŽһ
һһֻذ۵աһѩˣѩ׵źۣһϮɫصϸµĳ£ɫɲͣļϸɰףӨӨ⣬ô񻣬ô߹һ߳׵ʣ
һжԵôׯţȻӺݻʵţò㣬߻Բ󣬷ˣġòϻ۵۾ͳζŵʣһĿ֮УûмŮ֮ܺˡ
һ̲סӿ죬ͷĺ촽ȥ˫ĵһʵ˱ţͷ̽ȥһʼݽգһҰӣܿ˫ĵ̷ֿƾ۹صֱ߳룬ֻܽݵһͷԼ̴ĽӣСÿһ䣬ûã𽥱ɬŮǵİУٲԼĿƣһͷĲһÿŮɵļӵпˣһ׳Ĳӣ̱ȴޱȡ
ԺʼѣˣֻݷԶȥʣǿռԼˣϵĿֺҸԴԴϵͽ̵Ľеأһʵǰģн־õ߽⡣
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һһţһҲУ´ŽԲʵԵΰϾ٣⻬ϸа㴥еա񾱡˫絽ʱʱŤ強ѹĦ˫壬ѼӲ߾ٵľʱײСʹڲࡣ
һ·£ÿȫŤڴԹذһۣϾҺͷ˵ı顣ʲôҩЧһҲղܡ֪ʱϽµϸ࣬оֻıסһֹµ»ֻȫŮӣס˸ǵ˫ס˫磬ƿЩźѩ´߹Ľ»ϡһߴӣȫ졣͹¡ĸ߹壬ȫһǰֻʣɫ޼ºͬɫ˿ڿ㣬˵ĸɽϪȡ͸ʵİʽ°ŷ˫壬̺ӣҿԵ͸ѩ׷ڴϢγ˵ĲˣԸδ¶ķ飬ǰɼȴȻͦǰƾԼΪΪĸ󣻼ú϶Ƚɵڿ㣬˵ĹĹ͹ȫ֣οյƿ΢͸һķݣŽʼΪߵܻ԰ԼĿѽⰻȻ
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Ǵе⴦оŪûɣһĸᵽؿڣ޷飬ü΢룬һȫȫһ§ʵŲ̱ϡһһ޷ݵУѸɢ壬ѾõǿҷˣͷڴҲ̲סǵ飬˿棬糺졢ĺߡ߽һ˼ҽɡԴнĵջһĶᱧƵģʵĴ󴲡
һڴԵ͵ĵƹ£һ͸ѩ׾ӨĽ壬һѣĹϣ覡ʥ߹ά˹Ǳά˹Ůɵľɫòʤ˿Ǹ߹ŵƫǴ鰻Ȼε˽ֻ̬һͷĿѣڸһŻع֪ǡ˲ɽ㣬ϺϵĹ
һڴԵߣ˫ǰ̽Ϊ˫ĿգһҲҶ΢ҵ㷢㣬ֱлúͽޱȵģ̫ˣ̫˸жˣܹݵڽʯȹ£ҽ޺




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Բͦΰ꣬΢΢Բȣγһ˵ĻߣƷҲ޷˵һֱҪðʳָ󶯣Ӳ֬ܶɺ覴õٷתɺԣͬʱ˫أϾʱһϰ£ȫ㣬һ˿ҵĺһǰǰ֬Ϊɬ鶯һ㱡ĺϼȾøĽ޶ˡ
˵˽ڵı¶һǰĻҵֻܽԲ޳˫ȣʤ޵δһʱ̵ľʧ룻˵桢˲ľĿз˳˫棬־ȴ޿κΡ
ƽӺݻׯĸ߹ŮڲƬơȫ㣬һֻѱСèԼǰȴԼҰһӿ޵Ľô⵽ڵʳҪߣ¸߹µαװ׿ҪԼַޡ˵壬Կµľʹʼõԭʼ
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һְס֫ԲĴһֱ˫Ƚ͹ǰһ鲻Խطһ޷ѹֵ
ŵûҪʱһͷȴϵԽʪĹĹȣƽСϣ˵ĶתһֱǶԷ˶ʵ塣
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Ҫ֮ʱһͷȻ뿪鷿ԼٶȳϵСֻ֮ĹĹϡ˱׵һ˫ſķԲĴȱýġ
һִ﷼ݺͻʱ˲ֹͣˣȡ֮ǻҵĳ鴤ҲǴһ̿ʼԼĸݺ£Ժֻһˡ
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һ˫ְԲΰ꣬Ⲧ۵ĻѰҵϵ飬ͷΧԲʱƵڴһŤŽԶĿдһѸÿһɢȥһĶУһɹ̻ľӨҺʺĹӿɽŨܵķϣȫҵͦʣҵطһоһ˵ˮӿʹԼͷƵظеһԭһиδ״̬´ﵽһĸ߳㣬Һϲ㣡һ۵գǵصȥ˳̴ڣһԥİƬᴽϣ˵Ľ˴˶̰ŶԷеҺһͷУס˱¶Һ
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һͷסӭŤΡΡζһֻ˶壬һ˱ҧһߴǿ̢еĴˮġ
һٵЦ𽥻ĲúʵŽסһԼͦŭʡޱȵİ飬ѹĥ䣬òˬ
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һɴϵλһѩ׷ŵеȻԼһسԣ廹ܽţʱϼĶĴ۾߽գһҲҶ
ĳ΢ϯ˼վ˶̵ľĹһһµضʶ
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ĸ߳ҹ΢ȥһʱ֮ȫĨȥĵٶӿͷԼһֱ񣬼ĸΪʲôʱȴƫƫסСѹּõĴģ˵ӭħǣӻһ·ԼţﲻΪеΪке߳ܣ˫ĿãȻ֮ɫͻȻ̾˿૵ǲǺһķɫɫ˵ϲˣҺˬȫѩ׵ļܽذĹ˫߸ߵš
忴һŮ˻Ҫۣб·죬һɧ˵ĽһֱţԶĲ濪˴ȣȷֳһɫǳ
ֻ䣬ϸƬͷһС͹㣬ٺ˵Ԩ¡һͷ¸ϸ۵ƤƶһԵСѨ쳤Сһһȫһ󶶲Ľ˫Ȳ濪ཱུСѨһǰʼһһɵˮ
มðһˡһһٰСⶥ˽ȥöѨϡ
ʱѨһһյģһѨŪˬޱȡมһˡšܲˡมһѨת˫ıסһͷСѨϰýģõһ٣һšţ
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ͬʱһҲ鷿ַۺɫͷมมˡˡһָ⻬봥൱ѨѷϳˮһָƵĻһָҲ˴Ϣҵķˮมðһšҵĺһٲȥม졭ҵСѨˡһָѨ壬ܵСѨסĸоһһ߽ˮһôĴָʳָϵ٣һôĴָϷѹסе١ԡһšСԡšมˡʵ̲ס̧βڿлԲҲҵŤţһ˷ܵòָѹϵĴָǿסɵѹȡСม̫ˡһ졭มܲˡšมһָнǿ˶ƺ˺ܴЧһͷţһ߷ڸŨˮһһ˱鷿ʱѨָͻбץסĸоһٶ¡ס˱һ졭ܲˡҪˡš㡭ҰɡҵСѨһһָѨһ˱ͷ鷿űһ˫Ťһеܲˣһ촽鷿ƶ⻬ĸ¡ϳëïʢë·ǳ˵ɫٲŹ󡣡มһš졭㡭ҵСѨɡ졭ҵСѨһءһ˫ȣʺɫѨϣһͷѨһһʱŨˮһһ⿪棬Ťมҵĺһ졭ҵСѨš졭ҵɧѨһʢ㣬ͷˮȻԽѨϷ٣˼κٿʼŹ󣬼ĽҲมšһˡԡ򡭡ม졭š򡭡ÿһͷѨʱѨͿſţůˮҲֹ
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ðҡมһԸе˿һĿ̰˱ŪһԳ̵̬֮һԣʱҲС졣
գһͰһĹͷһеͷһĹͷϾŪţһˬĿ⣬ʹһǵøָԸеСǿҪɲˡ
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һһʰ˺þúһŴһʱҲԶķֿ˫ȣֲѨ׼ӭһ
һ˫ȿˮ˸ŵѨһ̲סһļŹͷʪʺšĥšš
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Ĵ̼ڽ֮Уһ̵ȫԵۡ泩ȡˣ΢΢е˵ߣɧӣһתѩ׸۵鷿һĳ鶯ҡţʹһȵĸš
һûϢʱ䣬ĸ硭มðˡõСѨõСѨҪˬˡ֡ѽมҵĺһɷ򡭡ĸɰɡมɧˡมԡ׸ָɵõӹˡˬʥ߹ɧƵģ˫Ʋһϣ˵СѨͻҲøӽխһ˫ҲĽ§һıŤƨҡͦ
硭มˬˡมһˡ˼ҵĻˡˬˡһðมมҰСѨˡมɵˬһˡม˫ֽһýģƨҲͣͦţʱĽһҧѨշĥŷùͷĻתÿһĹͷӹʱͻӿҵץһıš
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һ󣬿硢˵һˮƨϵСѨһʱҺɫԲھͻ᰼ݣԱߵҲͬʱǣΪˮİһ˳ľ͸˽ȥ
ˬมһˬˡҺมˬһˡһٿһ㡭šมĸҵѨŪ˼ʮºԹʽſڴϵΪģҡƨɣƬһҳſʱһɹɵˮö˵ĸϴաա
มม硭Ҫˬˡһˬһมˬˡһһ¡ҪһɡСѨŻˬมѨĺһһСѨһһĳţ˫ҲƵǰ棬ëʳָָס٣ýڴϵɵҡŸʵβ
ˬมҪͣมҵĺһ졭˼ҿˬˡมɡšˡม㡭ҵ硭һָĥ٣ĸĽխѨͷһһµײһӹ̲סҡƨɣһɵĶ
һһมֻܸɵôˬˬࡡมø硭ԡ㡭һ졭ɵġСѨˬˡһมĸαɵ˼ˬˡһıסҵĻģ鵽ѨںֺݺݵĲ˽ȥתŹͷĥĻģʹʱĻعͷһĵЦ۵ƨҲǰҡһĲɡ
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ҵ硭มһֶСѨˡҪˡม˼ˡ硭졭Ĳɡ춥СѨѽมõСѨܲ졭̼ѪڣҲǵ˼㣬һԸĲСѨײӹĴҲԽԽƵ
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һĿɫɫĿ֬޺ˣȻִ纣Ĵ˯˿˯εʲô£ǳݸһЦЦټ˵̣ʵҡԳ֡һ
ⶴϢһҹСһָֻ˲һ¾Ӳؽʪġġ͵ģûһû
һ̼ɴسѵĵһһһŪһҹûһ߳ߵŪһҹôŪһҲģ΢죬ߵȻһЦ;ŪɡϢһҹǾ棬ɾʮ㡣һǷִ׳̵ֳһůѨغֱײ




287¡

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罺ᣬѵز֪ս˶áƽ̹⻬񸹺һͦԲķμҡ촽š˽һһɹ̵Ѩӿشﵽ˸߳
һͷĳ£һᣬͷһֱй΢΢زһ̺㴽һ촽ϼһǣۼ΢΢죬һһҪԺôŪСһȥһеԹ鷿ܿ԰ɡԩҾ̰Ū⣬ҪŪ棬һ㶼ŹҡһЦ˭㳤ô⿪׵˯£Ȼͦ֬ϣ˶Բĺ飬°ͷ⣬ʤ֡һһڼؽѩ麬˸ڣȻס鷿ۻἡ˱ˡֱнӴС飬һߺסͷ缢ƿʵ˱ʱͷŻΧۺΣҲûЪţһఴŪš
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ఴһڸΪఴͬʱָסͷšһ˱£ԲСɵ齥ͦӲˡ
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ǴĴ󶯣ɧˣٱһӲʵһһѹǵѣѵԴѨеޱȵĿɧ
ǱͺǷӯ鷿ھһⷬ˱̼ѸԭΪͣۺѸɢԲСɵҲԭǳۺɫתʺɫ
ٵشϢţӣڵѣһˣõܵܣҿˣĽ䶯øΪ˱һ˿Ҳģ̲סˡͦ˵Сһ׼㴺ĵԴѨƨһֱͦѨ
ֻһ壬ѨеɧޣһĿֱͷˬѩϸһͦ۾һ죬ӣڰţõؽһ
Ȳһ׳Сһʪůⶴг岻ѡһԵĿг£ԺгûѾõľȫѹ
΢΢ţͦķһĳ塣̫ûŪ˵ԵʣĶԵЩ裬ϵòǺܺá
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һ佱Լޱȵϲʹ̬װδеĵͷӣСʵ㣬˵ʲôû壬˵һΡ˭Ҫû壬ˣҿɲ˵ˡһý㣬˵һΰɣһ塣޿κΣߺǿеޱ⽫ŵĻ˵һΡ˵Ƴһ׽Цݣ֪Լϵˡ
ʱ󷢣ȭһһûƭ㡣һЦôƭˡһ̣촽һƲԼסһЦǾͷýٳҵĴһֿͦʼ˳塣е˵ĵڰ˴ΣӭϵñϴθΪĬûһպһһѨл˵ĿдδϹʴȤĿУԴԴϵϮŮͷ
һд̼ú˷ܣǣ޼ɵطӲ˶׳ޱȵⶴдؿͲ塣
ʱֱ嵽Ѩųʱֱ鵽СعͷѨвŲ룬ھôһҲýΪˣʱûлСѨڸպýСعͷѨʱͰʱѨһ塣
һࡣһΪʹͣ٣ŮĿҲ˶ϣŮѨıڵĽе⣬ǳܵ˻ڹͷ͹ǿعĥ
ˬ˿üĿ̬֣ĵĻݺϼɫˣһϸӣŲѣڶһมŶ㡭ý㡭ˬһ¸ΪΪеƵƵͦ޳ſԷһ룬ԴѨеҺǡСϪ
һۼԵĽֵĺݣԵݺʮּܣִͦ׳̵ֳůůʪⶴУ޼ɵط岻ѡ
ڹͷ͹ӣΪĹĥŽ㽿еѨıڣѨıڵ⣬ҲΪĦͷȻĿҲΪǿˡ˸߳ѾƮƮɵĸо˵кͷȻ
ȫĵسоУȻңֻ֪ȫͦƨȥӭ϶Է̼ʱм䣬ֱϸϸ㺹һֱϳһ۵ú䤱شϢšȻǲ֪ƣ룬罺̰಻ݡ




288¡

һɺ֮Ŀг£˫˫йй˶̫ȥˣŪõһΡ˾ƣ̱ڴϣ֫˯˭Ҳû˵һ仰
ðŮŻоͷ类ȥƵģȫʹ˿ûƣһͷǺ飬ڷʪܵģһۣ߾ȫ֣ȥһͷĺ飬ޣޱעһصһԺҪôˣ۵ġһЦôˬȰһЦ⻵̰˻ӵСһоΡ༰Һʪʮֲʡ
һһʲô΢㣬ģҪȥϴ衣һ˵һҲеʪʪĺǲҲҪϴ衣ǽȥˮֻȷǵߵԡңźˮһˮźˡһԡ׸оˮУůůģжٸлƣȥһ롣ԡҳһԼһһһҹྻѩ׵Ĵ˿ǼһƬңһ̲̲ưҺĻҺҴϻɢڳ΢ëԼŻ˯ڴϣ֮˸ղŵĴսѣǺһĴ˻ûлָֻܼš
ȻĽշɺ죬һܿϴ㣬ȥϴɣɵڴϡ
һϢϴ衣תԡҡܿϴ裬Բɢʪܵĺڷ͹¹Ľһ˿ҵ߽ҵһҪʲôһĽݣڸϴúˣݹޡȶ˵ἡӨ覴ã˪ѩ֬㻬ϣͦһԺʵףͦ鷿ϵ觰ʺˣϸԲͦһ˫ȳƶ޳ֻ֮һ϶ĺϲһ
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ŪײǧҡģɧױһԲһţ̬ϳʣ⾡к
޽̴ۺһСһɫһĻ̵סһԾϴڽ㳨ķȼ䣬ǺԲĴͷ׼ԴѨƨһͦŪ˴СѨѽӦһ˵ˡ
ʶһͷֱʺĴѨ۵С̡һͷһ·ĦѨıڵ⣬ֱ˳صס̺㴽һţؽ̸ֳЦݣˬؽһĲ룬УСƵ˱һͷŪ飬ˡ
һأġ˵ǣһһͽӦҪ
ŶŶһˡ㡭áҺˬŶѽһɵýˡСѨý㡭лл㡭ҵѨ㡭ҵСһҲššŶһĴ󼦰һŪ׽ˡŶŶҪйˡƽ쾹˷ءд̼һ˷ܣˣҲѸͣһͱһŪôййˣһȴǿƫ쳣־ã־ЩġϤĵ̡Ѿһ԰ɣ֪οƣйĵزԶء
йᣬϢһһһһ£˵һһܸɣŪýˣϢһ£ýŪ㡣һڴϣһĿϣ˫ȴ򿪣һһýǶȣһӭ˵ĻУʼнŪ
һؽֱֻۣʣ´ͷڡһȥֱֽۣף޲һĵҲȥҪתϼתһĴͷĻĥ¡Ĺʵ̫ˣһһ¹һһ滹ͣ˱䶯Ūһˡ
ǷԲΣнҵߡתһ˫飬˶ҲнԾţ鲨ˣһˡ
һ̡ˬ㡭㡭Ҫйˡһ㡭𡭡𡭡һһȵȽ㡭һһƨһֱ϶ԽԽ죬֪һҪйˣͼӿٶţһСһҲн࣬һ˳žܲϵ룬ȫС¶ˣһ޷͵ˬӵһȫȻۼ˼׵ǵ¶ˣ͡
һҲѳֲסһĳ̣ɽһش󿪣һйע׵ľҺֱӹУһ
һӵġҲѾйıԵ־һӿĻġҲԿƣҲһйˡ
һΡսֱսһʱﵽ˵߷壬һڴϾս˯ȥֻðѹĿת࣬ŲĸѾᡢ顢ģ§ס£ҵؽ
һһ鷿ô󰡡СĲ£ģҲһƯǵ͡һһ鷿ˣǿɰͷҲӲˡ
һصһ·ȥǹ⻬ƽ̹ĸС³ϸķݣ¸Ż˵һ۵ĺ챦ʯ챦ʯ˵ġ羰һסˡ
౻һȫϷŪŪͣĿ飬˵һһˣⶫġ˵ţץסһסزŪšһּѹ£һֲԼݣֿԼҰ꣬һַһһ׼񶴣ȻһһüĿʾ⡣
һһͦ͡һˮ£һһȫûˡʹһü
Բ𣬲ĸһ̫ˡһôͷǻĥšһֿʼˣţһ̫ˣ̫ˣŪòĸˣĸһӻܲˣôΣղǵһŪʱŪòĸĺʹҿ㻹֪ңϿͣı治Ūòĸˣģĸƭ㣬ĸû죬ɰɡһһУģ鶯һ±㷢͡һ֫ڶȼӴһԽԽԽԽ죬ʱ̡̡һƬ⣬ڵƤҲһһĳǣ룬һɹ𤻬ˮ
һû졭áܺáĸáˡˬˡҪѲĸˡʮˣԴɷᣬʮ˹ѣʮ꣬ƻͣúأػشһܸɵǱ̬֣֡
͸˵ģȫ͸죬һһһظŪһһҽһͨ




289¡Խһ

һֲ֧סˣһҲйһɹɵӿӹ棬һĹͷϣһӾˡһָ˵һ˰ɣĸ棬ǽ˵űһתһ½λã׵ؿʼʶ
һڴϢ˵Ծŵ˫壬һͷܿһһһ龰һŪ͵ͷۣ΢ӣ˫ͨ죬ڷƮڣַϥǣһһ¡ǳǰҡڡĥŪţȫʢĵˡ
һɣ𣿡ˣĸأĸҲѽ֪ĸѾʮûˡ϶˵ţͣŪţٶȽӿˣͼ˼£һйעˡ
ˮȪˮƵӿһĹͷϣһһ˳һһСϣ˵ëʪˣ˳һĴȡƨϣʪһƬ
й֮ᣬ̱طһϲˣһҲ̼й˾һһɹ̵һӹУȵľҺǿӹϣÿһ£ͱŪòһ£ӿŨǾÿݵĻģöҪˡ
ĸӲ죿һѹ¡ˣĸˣ⻵йỹӲ˵
һм䣬˵˼ӲòĸһһΰɡɲĸѨɣĸܲˡ˵
һſ£Զθ߸𣬺ͮͮĻޱر¶һǰһֲĻ꣬ƬʺмزùͷĥˮֱĴ󶯣ƨᶥ˽ţһ𶺲ĸˡһַֻֿԼһֻסһĴһĹͷ˵񶴿ڣȻһһƨɣ̡һŪǾúĶѨ
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˵㶫Ժ󣬻صңֱĸ䣬ߣĸû˯һ§סĸȻĸ°ͣȥ
ĸҲİͷһְһͷ﷭һһָ͸ֽʵŲĸͦ鷿ϵĴ࣬һƶŲĸβ˯´е㲻㣬ǽ⿪ĸ˯µ˿˯漴䣬һְǰƶ˲ĸĽأڿ㣬һڲĸ棬صĸŪ
šһһͷ⿪֣òĸ鷿˳͸ϦĹ⣬һԱĿĸ鷿
̫ˣĸͷξȻŮһۺɫģһһںȥص˱󡣡һšมðมĸĸһ˷ܣһѸٵѹһϵһһ̽벮ĸǼ͸ڽǿ棬ظŪë̽ëµϸ졣
มðһŪĲĸมһŲĸһļϣĸ漴ţŪһǵܵļһߡ
šô󡭡ôֵļมĸˡĸڵļĥһҪѼȥļģͬʱһûţѨϲϸȻָͷѨมšԡһȥมĸѨͺխСƵģһָֻȥͿԸоֱ۰ΧнĿСô֡óมšĸˡŻڻսսſ죬һļͺ˽ȥص׶һļߣҲʱķŵšš̡̡ššĸáðһļĺô󣬲ĸ춼ȥˡ˵ĸֽһļͺ˽ȥݷҪ̽Ƶģָоʵһ̫ˣһѲĸת˹һ׵Ѩĸ˳һڲűɴ͸˿ڿ㣬һŲĸ˷ܶˮѾʪʪмѷ졣
һĸͷϸ졣ššĸһߺһļͣһţһڿѨĲ˵
ڣһ˲ĸѨϸзˮʪ͸Ǽڿ㣬Ҳʪ͸˲ĸëһŲĸСѨͷſϸ죬١
һมŪҡĸܲˡĸ̲סתһһԲͣŪһļ˵šһҪҪĸҪҵ𣿡šһĸҪҡšĸҪļ͡ĸɧѨɲĸĸİһ²ĸڿ㣬Ѩһǰһ̧ĸ˫ȣſһøˣĸ΢΢ķˮһűǵļͣùͷסĸСѨزŪ᲻ϲ롣
มһҪٶĸˡ졭š졭ɲĸɧѨมĸɧѨҪɡһҲ̲סͷĸ̡һ˳ˮ˽ȥһһƣͰһļȫĸѨ棬ĸխСѨůڣİסһļͣһ̲סһ˳ĸѨýมеҵˬššһôมòĸɧѨóʵšѲĸɧѨġĸһˡĸɧѨԶһɡһĸ㡭ĸϲҡɰɣɲĸҹĸǳ׵ĽƵģû׳Ĺ˼ɣխСŮСѨޱȵòһĿУһĳ鶯ššһɵòĸɧѨˬɲĸ졭มĸ硭ĸһšĸɧѨϲļͲ塭ม졭ɲĸСѨ졭϶Ѿĺˮʪ͸ˣĸ̼һһеҲˣһ԰Ѳĸ˫ȼһļϣѨ̧ߣʱʱǳʱʱĳ͡มһûѨĸҪˡҡٸҡมɷ򡭡һšĸÿ춼ҪҪҡĸġһĸ첻ˡมûѨ졭졭ĸйˡมĸɧมҰˡҰɲĸɧѨĸоˡมĸһšǲĸɧมһɵĲĸ̲סɧˡ졭һɰɡĸɡมĸƨһһµͦšСҲһһҵĻţһѨ֮һһʱƬ۵ķģʱʱ֣ɧѨһļ͡硭มҵĺһĸɵúˬมĸҪˡֲ嵽ӹˡมˡ졭ٿ㡭มһһ㡭㡭ĸˡมĸҪййĸйมйһˡͻȻ֮䣬ĸһ״ӭһɧѨҲŽӹһĹͷ




290¡Խ

һҲоĿУŲĸŨȵˮһֱ֮ͷ̵һҲ˼£Ϊòĸһأһǿ侫ĿСһҪòĸй
һšĸˬˡһĸˬมšĸˡĸĳޣһƲסеĳ嶯ֿʼĲ嶯š
Ųĸͦķ鷿һĶǰţ龰һ̲סĸͷ̺͹ͷţͬʱһҲŲĸһߵ鷿ţţĸšɧѨˡɵĲĸˬมɡһҡԡมҵ硭ɵĲĸ̫ˬˡĸĻˡมˬˡһ˫Ųĸ۵˫飬β¹һһĸŲĸɧѨùͷŲĸѨĸҲͣŤţ㷢ɢУβƴ϶ĸ̬һԵıܣĸһļͺô󡭡มӲôมĸˡมɡҵ硭ĸĻ顭ˡม硭˼ҵĻˡۣ۵ƨɲͣĻͦĲĸɧ˵һĳ壬ͻѨηͦһסһ糵㲻ͣתҡšҵһ˼ˡมĸɡšɵĲĸСѨˬˡŶһɵĲĸɧѨ̫ˬˡ硭졭มĸҪҪйˡˡйˡมĸйһˡɧĲĸһҡһεӭͻȻһıסѨĥһļͣɧѨȸոոļһļͣһˮɲĸӹ˳һԸеһһһĹͷϡ
šĸมɧѨˬ𣿡มˬˬĸˡšһɵĲĸˬйƣĲĸĽţҲˣܵһѨһһĳסѨ֪һû侫ɣ
ֻҡŤһ£׸۸һšһมšû侫มǲ岮ĸɧѨšĸһѨšĸһ˼ҵѨܲĸ塭ﵽ߳ĲĸſһϣһĸĸȻ˫ȼһһļҲɲɧѨһ߲߱ϡ
һĸϣȻվ̵İߵĸӣС죬øմӸ߳ĲĸֵסһļͲͣŪ
šô֡óĸˡมĸһˡĸڲһûˡĸԺһ˵ˣֻҪϲҿɡšһĸɧѨԺģֻҪɣĸɡ˵󣬲ĸСȥ³ͷһ͵ڲ࣬ͷһĹͷ͹ͷ깵ȻſС콫һļ͸ͣ˱ΡҧףŪһĲˣ̲ס
ҺΪΣԺܿľŶĸšˡˬˡŶĸͷͣһͷ깵ƣһ̲סץסͷСĺ˱˶
ŶˬĸŶ㺬̫ˬˡ̫ˬˡŶĸܲˡҪ㡭šҪѨĸһҪӺ㡭òáһĸˡšֻҪϲĸ㡭˵˵ţĸתӣͦβĸĺñɣӺɲĸøɸʹ졣ĸ˫ſǽϽװ۵ƨɸ߸ߵţĽˮɧ˵Ѩ¶һǰһ˲ĸıַùͷۡĥŲĸ٣ŪˮһֱšŶһҪĸˡҪĥˡšĸɧѨ硭šҪĥˡŶĸɧѨˡมһҡ岮ĸɧѨĸѨˮͣţմһĹͷʹһĹͷ⣬ƨҲ󶥣뽫һȥɡšһҡŶ㡭ҡɧѨˡɲĸɧѨĸɧѨܲˡม졭ɲĸʱһҲѸǵ㣬һĸСѨͦͷסĸ˵ĸҪȥˡáɡҡšĸɧѨġĸʱԸɡ콫šĸɧѨมĸһءһ׼ĸˮѨһͦһ壡ž̡һһļ;ͲĸѨȥáǰһ˳ĴӺ˲ĸѨʱĸ̾һһҲܵһĸůʪֽյѨİš
úӡมòĸɧѨóʵม硭ɧѨֹֹšòĸɧѨˬһˬมһ˫ֽץסĸͬʱͷŲĸѨһŵӣһڲĸѨΣտʼһһһ壬һĴ󼦰ĳٺݺݵĲ˽ȥ
มɵáҵɧѨһš̫ˡมһšĸɧѨԶɡһƺðˬšɷ򡭡ҡɲĸĸҪÿҡòãšĸһġһÿġšһÿġһһ˵һŬĳһòĸҲϵšɸƨɣѨˮҲͣ
มһšĸһมûѨóô֡ɵĲĸˬĸˡɵӹˡø硭ɵòĸˬĸšѨðůеҺýˬһڲĸıϣŲĸķԲرǷ۵ƨɣһޱȣһǻһ˫ȥѩ׷۵鷿ͦĶƨɣһǴ˶Ӳδο񵷻ġ
Ѩһมĸˬĸˡš졭ӹˡมԡĸһĸСѨˬˡɧ˵ĲĸһɵˮխɧѨһŲѣҲźһ˱Ŵͷˬ泩ĽгڣòĸšСѨýมĻҺˬеáมȫġðĸСĸһӣΪһɣֻܵıŮɧ˵ıܣͣǰҵͦƨɳӭһļͣһ˫۾ˮ۾ɢ˵Ļ棬ʱһ˵šһมˬ𡭡šĸСѨҪˬĸһšĸɷ򡭡ɡĸˬˡĸҪˡżһرͲ弸£ܻỻĸɧʴǵͬʱɧʮĻعͷ΢Цһһ뵽ƽʱ߹ׯ浾۵ĲĸȴΪһļͶһ񵴻Ʈһ͵ĲŪ




291¡Խ

һ졭šมɲĸɧѨ졭ĸҪйˡ졭СĸɧѨมĸɧѨҪˬˡˬˬŶɧѨˬˡĸййһˡʱĸӹģýģһһһ˱Źͷһ֪ĸйˣͣѨоˮҲй˺ö࣬йĲĸĸվסˣʱһҲ̲סˣһһ塣
ĸҲҪˡมѨеܲˡһ졭มšĸɧѨòĸСòĸĺӡม졭ĸֲˡ졭ĸСɧѨĸӹมһˬ͸硭СѨƵˡ塭ˡûɡҪˡ㡭һһ壬ͻȻһñһ飬ޱȣҲŲţһ֪һҲҪ侫ˣһĺݳ͸ɣùͷδβ嵽ĸĻϣһɹ̵ŨֱĸѨӹĲĸҲķƵһŤһйˣҲ૵˵ţšйˡมˬˡˬˡšһһγڲĸѨļʱĸάſʯϵƣֻһˮһľҺӲĸѨ˳Ŵ̲มһšĸ챻ˡมɧѨˡĸĻһжĴӺ§ŲĸĸҲתһֱţһಮĸ൱ɣһһ˵һĸĺһĸҸรòĸˬˡĸҲˬԺҪĸɣҪÿѨԺҪˬʱĲĸߺ˵ӣһǰˡ
һһѽ˹§һĻĸҲĵһʵظϣŸոսĿ֡һĸ⼸ĺÿรĸ֪ԺҲܿˣԺ󣬿Ҫúõ۰ĸŲĸ۰뿪ʵ˫һ¶ı飬ݷڸһʱһ쵽ձ߸ţٰԸϣ˫ܵĽţܵĻ˱ŶԷҺ
һҲƵĸļС̽ţںöḧںĳֱ촭ʱһ뿪˲ĸ졣һĸϴ裡ţĸ˳»ӰΪһϴ裬ûκλֻǲĸﲻʱ͸¶һް⣬һҲʱڲĸһİ
ֱĸһϵˮκ󣬲ĸ̲סһԣһĶ˵һĸطȥһ˫ֽĸӺԡرĸСӰһĻŲĸǰ鷿鷿ϵӣҰͷԼԿеëɵһļֲˣպöڲĸƨϡ
һŲĸĶͷ˫ۣǼ⣬΢΢ſӣһôôӲˡ˭вĸôˣĸҲ˵ʱضҸɵġ۸ĸĸѾˣʱԸɲĸǱŪ壬֪𣿡ĸ֪ˣһᣬܵˡĸҸɵˬˬϲϲһҸ㰡šĸɵúˬĸϲһңһǲĸĺøҲǲĸĺɷ򣬸ǲĸĺø磬ĲĸҲСɧѨáĸһ˵Ļɵһļ˼˲ĸƨһ£ߵҺһѲĸŵڴʱĸʲôƵ˵ˣһӶ˰ɣĸȥ׼ͣ˵󣬲ĸӴĸˣڻʱĸպñһڴϣѩסԲ۵ƨɣһǰһ˸һ
ĸƨÿԲ̵ġϲǿˣĸȫ¶ġĸһ˵һ߹ҡƨɣһ̲סĸţʱĽ쵽̺ѨһѣòĸʱһһģתͷһЦš
һָƨɷ䶺ͣĸһôһŪողϢֵȼĻ˼ΪһŪͣһͷһĻĶһְһһһҾĿš
һڲĸĶʣĸ𣿡ţĸ롭ĸҪһ˵ĸһѽһӵסϵһĥźýɧһһ鲻Խϲĸ۵鷿
ĸҲӭһͦһ˱һҲڲĸıϡҸ¡СصĸҲʼ԰ǰšมĸļô󻬡ϸ壬ĺһһִֻ鷿һһẬһ鷿ĿŪеĵش˽ȥˮѨҲʼˡðมһšһ˳Ųĸͷȥ˲ĸǷѨһͷɵŲĸٺڲ࣬ȫеĲĸ˺ü£ʱ̧ߣʱͦͣһͷšมһĸšĸɧѨŶҪˡšɧѨŶҪˡĸܲˡ˫Ŵ򿪣ڴϵĲĸͣõ°һͷͬʱʱ̧ƨɽѨͦһ졣มһĸɧѨš㡭มɲĸ졭šҪˡĸɧѨˡһǻȥͬʱһĴ󼦰ڲĸĥŪòĸͣ˽СõܵܡšȥšҪĸˡҪĥˡĸɧѨˡ㡭มɲĸɧѨš硭һҡĸܲˡɧѨˡĸƨ鼱Ƶģһֱ϶һûȥŪˮһƬĸҪҵ𣿡šҪ졭ĸҪһҪҵ𣿡ĸҪһɲĸСɧѨĸҪɧѨҪнһ졭һĸĺһมĸɧѨҪĸλҺ𣿡šáòĸ㡭มɺáĸˡ˵ĸ˸һѹ£˫ȿһϣһַֻֿԼѨڵ׼һĹͷ
ֻһֳִѨһһ㣬һһ˽ȥĸСѨ̽һֻһ̬СҲ泩ģมšĸĻˡĻˡĸɧѨֱһˡมášĸһĽţһ߽˫ֳһϣŬͦԼƨɣŪҡţһѨϵı޳죬ɧƵ΢üһǵøֳĶСѨ
มĸĺɧѨýมеˡšҵеˬˡŶˬšĸĺһšม硭Ĵ󼦰͡ĿˬĸɧѨˡĸɵˡˬˡมˬһ졭ĸ鷿ĸͷมԡšʵĸ˵һҲ̲סָǶ鷿ӲͷΪͦζļͦ鷿ҲʱһĿ⣬תȦȦͷһֵš




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һม㶥ĲĸšĸɧѨˬˡ¶ĸӹˡ졭ĸĺø硭ԡĸĻġĸ׸硭ĸˬมһŲĸ鷿ͷɧ˵Ĳĸǽܲ˵ʴһʼ̲סĶͦһĸŪòĸİΣļסһ
ҵһšˡมĸ硭ֻܸɵòĸôˬมˬø硭ԡ㡭šĸ鷿áˡ˼ҺˬมһɵòĸСѨˬˡһϲĸĶͦƨɣʹһÿһνϣ벮ĸĻģͬʱһҲʱĸ貮ĸ鷿ѹӴ̼ĿС
ĸšѨýมมеˬˡĸมҵĺһɷ򡭡ĸˡมĸɰɡĸɲĸ߳ˡšҵĺһĸҪ졭ĸԶġมĸɵĺˬˬมһַŲĸβһ߸һ߰ĸӿ춯ͬʱһҲнǰͦűĸѨסÿζײһ
һòĸˬĸϲԼһɡมһѲĸɵúˬɡһĸĸҪݺݵĸɲĸѨܲˡ졭มһĸɰɡĸɡһ˫ֳĸƨɣĳײĸѨһĹͷײӹòĸǣҡ÷βƴ¶ӭڵٸѨһ
šĸɧŶϲԼĲĸɲĸѨˬ¡ม̫ˬˡˬมһһ㡭òĸɧѨšԡһ㡭ٿһ㡭ĸˬˡมһ졭ٿ㡭ม塭ĸҪˡŶĸһˡ졭ĸˡมĸҪйˡĽһļӿ˳ٶȣÿһζ벮ĸӹĸ嶶ҲԽԽβŤĶҲԽԽ
ˡมһ̫ˡĸҪˡҰһˡมһɵòĸ̫ˬˡĸһ졭ҿˡĸйˡมĸҪйˡһᣬĸСҵˣҲΣѨ򻹷ʶţѨҵ𵴣Ѩסһһֳ
ĸһมĸšСɧѨйˡĸй׸ˡĸɧѨһɧѨѨҲų鴤ͬʱһůӹӿһĵĹͷҲйˬвţķһϣͣĴʱһɹɵˮСѨһһƨ£ѴŪʪһƬ
һſڲĸĽϣͷ˫ŸеԵ鷿ҼһһĥšһŲĸ鷿һһòĸڴϣһҲ棬һһȥŲĸ鷿һ̧ĸĽţȻͦƨɽһĸȡ۵Ѩ
Ĳĸֿʼ˵˴šһมɲĸôûû䡭ĸĻᱻɡĲ岮ĸɧѨĸáĸСѨมˬġֱཻȻܲĺ룬ȴ鷿Ҳò٣ڲʱòĸļĥҲòĸеมĸĺһòĸˬһ㡭šһ㡭Һˡมĸ̫ˡһĸ㡭ĸĴ󼦰ˡɵĲĸˬมһһŲĸͷһͦһĴ󼦰ڲĸʪѨţĸͣĽβһѹһĲɧѨˬมСѨˡšҵһĸСѨɵĺˬมˬĸˡɧѨһĺˬม尡ĸɷ򡭡졭มĸСѨˡһͣҲ壬תŪŲĸѨһҲĸĿ£ָϲͣĥţĸ򲻶ϵŤѩ׵ƨɣһѹСѨһܵมม˼ˬˡһɵ˼ˬˬˡɷ򡭡มСѨĸҪҪйˡ졭㡭һҪййˡมʱһеһĸһůסýխټޱȵ˽һŲĸˣ̲ס͸һҲ죬ὥأԽԽҲԽԽء׸硭졭ม岮ĸСѨม졭ĸ֡ҪйˡɵĲĸˬˡมййˡһᣬĸխɧѨ̵һһſӹڵĻĲϵĶһĴͷ˱ţһеϵĿС
һĸĽţòĸϥǣ˫ųڴϵλһҵĸҵĽһļͲĸѨÿһļͲĸ󻬵Ѩʱĸͻͦƨɣö˵ĽϸΪܡԡһมĸ硭СѨˡôมֲĸСѨˡĸˬɷ򡭡졭มݲСѨ졭ڶ˼ҵԽ֨֨һͲĸСѨײʱġġġˮ鶯ġ̡̡šมĸšһɵˬɡĸСѨɧֽɵˬˡԺҪɲĸСѨšﲮĸСѨֹมһšĸСѨˬˡֶӹˡĸԺҪһ岮ĸСѨﲮĸֹɧѨมֲСѨˡôม硭졭塭šԡĸСѨɡƻ𣬿ҵҡšŤšţһڲĸѨٶȿĸҲһһµز壬Ťҡϸͷӭ׷Ե泩Եķй㡣มҵ硭СѨйһˡĸһɷ򡭡졭ٸ㡭มٲһЩ尡มĸˡĸСѨѾй塢ˡš綼ûйˬˡĸѿ쵽ľ磬ɧ̬ٳŤˮһ͸ţԽսԽͣԽԽأδζֱֲĸѨɵĲĸѨĻģһһϵļһĹͷ˱ֻҵһมܸɵòĸôˬˬˡมĸɷ򡭡һĸֲˡมˬСѨˡ硭มĸҪйһˡɡѲĸˡม㡭֡йˡһͲɣòĸйһһΣӹҲͣţʱһҲܵУһƴͳݲ壬ţĸŤƨɡĵܵҪҪ䡭ˡมĸһĻæƴŤβһҲоһĹͷԽԽȣҿʼҵһһĸ߳쵽ˣʱһָеĸѨȻһȣһɳȵˮһĹͷӹڸһһϵļ˱һĹͷˬһһĽһȵľҺӹڵĸһɻȵľҺ̵ýֶȻһ̧ȫһ




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ȲĸƽϢٶʱһ˵ĸСѨˬղɧ͸ˣɧˬˣأûˬأţĸɵĲĸˬˡ㿴ĸɧѨǻһ𣿡ĸ˵§һĲĺ촽һǡ
Զ˵ʲô׽ɣͲˣΪͳڱ˴˵ˣһҵԽᣬ˽Ѿƣ벻˾һ˯ˡ
һ飬֪ôģ֥֪ˣ֮£һֻһıһ𣬽֥ϵһƧС档
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ķӦһеǳ⣬嶥Ű촽һǣǹСɵĶۣƽ˳С
ģԽ·ݣԴڣֻۺɫض΢΢¶浭ɫĤһŷۺɫĶޢѪͦ¶ĹƴˮԶڻȸŪʪһƬ
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Ʋʹӵ룬Ů״ﵽУģ֥ӿ׶ٶȣеҲԽԽг׷⣬ﻹ뵽




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ķ֥ڼϵķϱҧĵطĴʹ֥ӣ޵ӣ΢΢ϻһ˿˿Ѫգֻ֥ڰԵ״̬ȫһڲһ죬ٶ΢ŵĺ촽һ˿㻬ıᰮһֻھջڻĻţضڲסֻ֥߳ԳƮĸ߳У౾ܵĺһֵͷһ𣬶һᱡ˿
ԼԹ˼ӵʱ䣬һֻضڵ֭ٶȻеĽҲ٣ʱнĽ֥´齣֥ܵĽֽŲסһ壬һı֥ڵ߶
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˵ָĿԼͺҺ󻬣ϾָͬһȻе׽룬ΪҪ׵ĽŮһĿŮԸдԱһĽԸӲŮķУʱ֦ڷ




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˫ֲͣĽ߰һȥϵĺ飻İ֮£һĽ硭
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ۿһЧٶȽŮ§һΣҲҵֻֿΪһ£ɪһţȫͣĶŮ°ͣһްȥŮϵˮϧ˵ʵ˵ֻҪúõĻҰˣôأˣˡ




300¡Ͻ

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һҷˣҲûж§֥ߡһذ֥ϴ£ͳǾߴ֥֥һǾߴŵᣬ֥ʮԥš⣬Ҷû֥ߵˣί˵װŮˣŮĶŮҶϹһ˵ţ֥ǰеġ֥վߣһֽ֥ǿжסϣץס֥ͷĹͷꡱһ¾ǿ֥˵Сˡ
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֥оԼСѾſŴ˼ޣͿҪѿһѣΪ˼ʹֻ֥࣬סһſӿڿʼǰŪϾûκοڽ飬ŪúǴֲڣһΪڷ£㰴ס֥ĺףһͦһͷ֥eʼǰ֥͊ͣ
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Ĵͷϴ̼ɧζ֥ͷĿ֥˫εסһԼСָ޷ȫպסľ޴ֿʼ׶ӿ׶ٶȡСŴغסͷʱ˱ڣʱ³ͷɵһͷۣͷɡðද˵Ŵͷĸλһͷɡð۹ʮһеޱȵ죬Ű֥СĪ˷ܣ̫ˣû뵽ôܸɣ֥ôһЦ֥ߵƣɬ뵽ʲô裬⻹ǵһ˴أΪӦĳ棬ֻܲԶΪ֮ˡأأأʱ֥˱ʹĺһ˫֥һһν޴ٸĿУĳԽһʮö
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֥Ķͷð˺ˮزøˣһԷԲ۵ڵĵﲻסˤţԸмˣһյĿڽʱòҲǿҴ̼һ͸й١ɱˣŮ˿ɲ٣˹ģôءҲȷʵûʲô顣ٶõģҺúˬһ£
һ޳ܵ˵š⻰֥˵Բ롭ġĵ㡣˵ͷʼڲ˱š
ǵһ¶ǵĿڽ£ɻǿԴAƬģµġ֮αҪУʱһ˵һҪǿкԼԽˡʼһڽĵش߲һֱˣص˱ţٴҲĻȥڶִұߵһȥȻͷһ߸Žĸҡ
һ֪֥ںڵķСٸʹȫͷĹͷĦȻҧȥȵΪģ³鶯Ĵµƶ˫ּӿ׶Ƶʣ΢˱һ˫ϸĽ֣סһ󰮸ƵƵ̶֥ƺ䰮ֵؽһ˫ӣϣڡ˰߰ߺӡһоˬ֥࣬ⲻͣĥ˵Ģͷһ㣬ơ
һֹߴ󣬼ҪŪһй֥ץסʱ۴ֽһںұ˱߻Σ;Ǹ֣Ӳ̣ΡΡֱǻɤͶϢʹѣ
ò׽³һͨǣֻּͦý̽һֽ࣬³һһ£Ȥ
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һŻˡ㣡֥Ȼ˵ӦˣǱϾһ㿹ܣһ־壬һ˵ͼƿһƵöһŶ˵Ҳ𻰣˳ְתԼһ֥ĲӣָǸ·˫ָ̣ȹϰšҪҪˡ֥ܰŵغšȻŮԽǽкһùζǰֱ֥ɫǿвڣ鷿ͷµҲ˲ôˣ鷿ֹˣһƻղĲ˭ҲȲ㣡һؽţ鷿еأҲѹʱһ̾⣬һʪʪĸо鷿ѹȸУʹ֥鷿һ˷ܵ˵ءءʹ
Ҳ֪ʹı̼ˡˡҲܶԲһű߷šһᣬȥ·߶˵ǲ뷴ˣļˣ⻰֥һֲɵ
˵˵֥ҵʱһѴ֥ĳȹӶֻ֥ʣ˷ۺɫֺڿ㡣
ֻʣֺǿơÿ˲ɵ̾ϢƺȫڸǷ飬¶һ鹵дǿİΧУ״õƨɡûһߺ۵¸пɰĶǼС졣
ڵĵƹ·˵Ĺ޳ĴȽ׶⻬һ㡣ЩʲôҲֹһˣһ˺ȥ֣ѩɽ׵˳
һ˫ִѴѵץ֥˶ͦҳԵ鷿Ҫˡܰۺɫͷ΢΢ͦ
һ嶯һȻĽֳưڿ㣬ٸʥ屩¶šѩ׵ǿ뿪ƨɡ
̵̳ĻԲͺĹɹڹ⻬¸һƬɫĲݴԣʵΡ뵽۲ݡһ֥Ĵȵڲ֥࣬ܵؼнȣסһ֡Ĵָмѡ㡭Ҫˣ




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ధţ˫ɣţɸáӴ"һ˫ذ֥鷿ͷϴȦԭѩ׵鷿ѷΣˣۺɫͷҲͦˡ
ܲˣҪ㡣߶󺰱ţп㣬¶Ҫըץס˫ȣɲǣѹĴ۾ֱͦͷм䡣ѽ֥УͷҪǿҡһ취ҲûС֥ҧ촽ȫܵ˫õţͼƿһôۿʮľҪսᣬˡ
ˣһҲ̫ģǶ˵һᾡ㣬һˬ˵꽫֥ȫһ֥ζ鷿֥ѩ޳ѾŴϣһͷںڵĳɢš
֪ѹǿˣ֥ڴϡأءؿʧȥ˵ֿ־һȴϲط֥ҺӨһһӳź͵ëֱ̫ˡСҸһСƽ֬ʹ߸ʸͻԲ޳Ĵȣ̵úƵİһ㣬ް覴á޳ȵľͷȵм䣬һڵ۲ݳʵĸصġһСɽ泤ܵķݣֻЩݷǳۡһָëĹ⻬ϸ壬˿һᣬһˣ֥Ϊ˼ĽԼεʹ˺̾Ϊֹ
һѩ׻ԲȷֵֿմʪܵˮƬʺһһϵĶţϵӣСͬջһֱٵڣѨһôСָſо൱۵pšظеֶʪˣˮ治ѽ
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һȵ֥סʪ촽׼ӵһ˱ţһִӱסͦ˫壬缺Ӳ飬Ĵˣһſˮϣ֧Լ塣
һĽڴϣ׳ʵزĳΣỬ⼡˽ܣɡһָ̽Ửļ΢ĳ鴤һָ们ˮܵһ£˵ţ㲻ܶ㲻ǿСѨģֻİҺĸŪһ㣬ȥŲʹ֥ŵͷţһ΢ЦؿԼ𲽹֥ķ
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֥ʱʹֻ֣Լ룬ỨСţʹѽʹʹѽҪѿҪٽȥγɣҪʹѽһߺһƴŤƨɣѼŤ֪ҪһӲ㣬ȷʵѽȥôһŤڴһڶ֮һԼŤ˽ȥ֥ҽУʹвУγΡһƾܣƹƶˣһ֮ͦĴѾĸţֻ֥ľջѱһִȫſ¶ۺ⣬һ׳ýģ֮Ѩ࣬һȫ˼Ƥ
һƽ֥ҧʪüͷڽ뵽ȫȥһ˵
崿Ů߳ܺ۹ĵطòȥˡ˷ܸУ͸ղŰĸоȫͬءء֥źֱҪƣǿµĸо෴ģһǷǳСءˡһǳ嶯ԼнɶˡⲢǿնֱĤʶȵİֱ𤸹ıȽϼӲĤвͬ
ʱ۾ðǰĿСءζͬȻʹܲˣҧ˫ֽץסϵͷһ㺹졣ڸڲһĴߣ˺Ѱʹ֥̲סٴδҽС
ʹĴУ㣡γ㣡֥ҽУһ֥ƽڴϣͷסĿڣ࣬·ڴڵԸдҲһڵ߲ͦһӵС
֥һ⿪ʼ໥ӿ˴ĽҺһУ֥֭¶һһβʣ븹Сʹ֥ҪϢŤͷսF죬˵ż⡣
һЦеע˵ǵϵĺýּ֥ŭ˵˭ˣǿңŭĿڣǣ˸ڵı䶯һ˫ֽһ߽סҪһзֻʱҪˡ
һһ΢΢ЦţҼ͸ĸŲһⲻϽʲô֥ŭΪʲôҪôһƤ˵ҪҪһ£һ̧֥ں̲סͷ¿ȥֻѩ׵Ŀ䣬һԱҺʪ͸Ũëǻ΢ķۺɫ죬첻һ紦һľڡžһȦȦд⽫Ǹҧôֳ֥˺ơ
һͦһߣֽ֥ʹ֥˵ʹܲܲҪһ΢ЦãͲǲҾ䲻Ҿһ𣬵ȵҸһһ˼




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һȵ˵ôˣ㲻һֱҪҰγΪʲôֲðأ֥ߺ죬ҿһ㶯ҾͻʹһЦţһ˵žſָס֥⣬ָ⻭ȦŪѾӲѡ֥ܲסһƬɣͷʼߴʱһ֥Ŀ£ָදţ֥ĺ߽УһоһİѨ˳ŹɹһŽһʪҺͦľڳ塣
֥ʹѽ֥ſڽУһĴͶס죬Уһʼͦߣšʱ׳Ͳ㽫ӿʪҺľţҺ󻬣ֻ࣬šꡱڶ
һĳܹ֥ѨײţһʱŤóܹѿĥת̼֥ʼ֥ŶҺܡŶĥˡŶ֥УƺֹϢҺһһɵӿſڣȻãһо߲һȵⶴⶴڳڵǿ䶯ֿУѨζԲͬƺЩ
֥˦ͷ㷢ţҪˣҪˣܲˣܡŶһ˵ֹ֥ܰһ˵ĻָסİѨҡͷУܲ壡û뵽ʱڿһѨ뵽һҪٸ٣һһ߶ʮһ嵽ˣȺú˵ǿʼͦߣĸڲͣĽ
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֥ϢصĽţɡ㡭มŶһоỬԵ鷿ԼԼţʱһϣĥһȫҪ鴤ˡ
ʱ֥ᴽסһ죬Ửͷһнʶţһɹɹеһԣ׳߸ٵ֥ľн
֥ѩ׻ԲȽһ䣬ͦӭһŵĳ壬һɹɵҺ۳ѨӿһĿŪʪޱȡ
һĳܹײİѨٽľţž꣡ž꣡¡֥̼ϵļⶼˣţһҲ˷ܵͷ
Ϊһ侫֥ͻȻֽһſ۵Ĵҧסһ죬ۻһзڽʲ֥ʹһܣͦĴ׳ڵĽѽȻĥʹ˵ֳޱȡ
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ͷ֨̾֨뵽ֱڡڳķƨ֥Ũʪëһĸڿڲͣĥŵ̨һ֥ΪԼҵŸؽһĿмҪﵽ߷壬һٶº֥ţҪˡҡһ㡭֥ȫţһ֪֥ĸ߳Ҫˣæס֥һ֥鷿ѹŵУһ߽֥ĸ
һţҳˡҡнҡ˵һŨȵľˮ֥ĸܣ֥ĸųڱһһ·оͷԼͲһ̣УܹİѨײĥ˴δǿҸ߳ͻȻȫ֫צһһһ̵İѨһܹϵůĿޱȡ
֥̱߳ڴϴ廬¼һһһ˼ҲˡһҲٸ㺹ϣۻһ˿ҵĽϴŴղŵĽ̫ˡ
˺һᣬ֥ŴӸղŵѹڽˣû뵽Ȼؽˣñסٸ١֥ʹҵȻеѾջǴãôܡ֥֡УٸƿѹԼޱӵϵһһ׳̫ˣٸôҲƲеڵļ׳ñȸղŻҪ׳·ҪԼֳһ֥ᡣô죬Ǹҡҡ߿ޱСִһļ򡣿ʱһȴԼ̧˫֥Ǻĸһգޱȴִļ̴֥ĸγ̫ˡ
ٸһ鲻ԽشǶ֮һɻһ֥ˮҺ֥պϵĵľջһϸϸ㺹֥סǧľɫ̺һ˿ҡ֬ѩ׽۵ĳ塣
ֻ֥գϽߵκͼҽŸ߳ĺϣɫ崿Ů񣬺һ˵ͼ
ͷָԼܹ֥ŨŨʥ֥ǾӨ۵Ķ˵֥ôɣû뵽㻹糱֥޾׵ʱгصһҲ浽ˣҲҪ󣬷߰ɡ˵ٸ´۵μŸձ΢׵ĸţѩ׵ƨһŤһŤſȥ
ȫ㣬Ѫŵ֥񱳺ѩΣһƵǿҵԽ֥ڴ֣һԼѹ⣬һӴ˳Ƶ֥󣬽֥סһṤͽ֥մϵֺڿεľ⣬ҪʲôҲ𣡡֥Ūؾʧ룬ƴţһ˫޳Ĵڿҵţɵһ߲ϵ˽ĥšʲôҪǿ㣬̫ˣҽҪˬһ޳ܵ˵ղŲˬ㡭ô˵ּ֥صؿ޵ûˬղҲûŵʲôԼؽġһЦٴν֥ڴϡ㡭ҪԼ˵ӱǿˣ֥˫죬ߡ
һϴ֥ϡżƷ֥ޱۡ塣ȷ֥֮ױȵģϸ֫ûһ˿׸⣬ƽ̹Сڵƹ͸ӨĹε鷿ѩ׻ԲȥɽһȷͦΣĶһȦΣۺɫͷСɿɰĻףںߵ΢䶯
һĴԻ˫ƾŵİȥ鲻ԽһסԼʵֵԾ˵⣬Ūֻл󣬵ĵʮ㣬вʮ֥鷿֣Щһݶ
һæӴָץĸǴмƼŪһ鹵Ҫ֥߳ܵĿ˳ԭǿ֧ŵȻɫѵȻ޴档




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֥ȻʹĿ޺㣬ȭߵķʱĹȥ֥ķԽԽˣŤĽҲƽʱʱķһѹֺĽκ¶߷ҵĸӱ顣
һס֥˫С㣬߷ֿ֥˫ȽĽһ𣬾ʹһһʱ֮޷֡ԽһԽ֪ܣǰּ֥Ĵڲ࣬¸Ħ궯ĵĵȴ֥
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֥ķӦһеʮֻϲĿʼٴν֥壬һѹ֥ˣͣŤŪ
µ֥βΡһѹ֥˱һ̧ͷ֥ã㿪ʼеˡ֥ߵͨ죬ֻԾشһŮӵǳʵģδ洲µ֥Ҳ⡣֥ȫ¶һɵͷ£һԴ֥ﲻܿԼӦһ֥ã˼֥еɼ˵ĿУԽԽǿҲľ֥ԼܸоҺʼڡ֥Լ屻ħ裬߷ѵ
һ³һڴʹ졣ʱ֥ʪѾȫ󿪣һ˳ưѴִͷ档
֥һɲ˸ĸо˫ֻŬڴ֮俹ܣǿʹԼҪħɥʧҡ
һôֲڵ֥֥ڸʪʱһʳָ֥Ļ꣬ظŪֻ֥֥ͣŤ֥βڶͷɢҵں㷢ҵڿз裬Ȼѩ׵ļϣԼоĳڼнָԼָĸо
һָ罻ŪһϳĶʱ֥ʺɫĻһĴָ治ͣذĦˡ
֥˫ֽץĴ˫۽գֺܿģ֥ͱβľΣⲻͣز
֥֭ԽԽ࣬һȫ˶֥֭Σħ֥еޱȿСȫϸʼ嶯٣öԽԽ֪ʱ֥תˡȡ֮һʴǵ
һ֪һԸĴ֥ѿƲסϵ¡֮һȻĽкԶ׼Ļ˷֮⡣
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һְס֥壬ָŪ֥۵⡣֥ڲ֪֮УҪƵһֲڵָŪоɽ´һֱɽมʶط֥ҡҡλΣعӯҺѾʹ۶ʪ
ʱŮ˵ַӦ֥֪ҹȥδֱ֥Ļ֥е鷿ܶԸдͬʱһ޷ֿĻ䣬֥Ѿɫȡ֥ʶѷ壬ԺһƬհסƺѲڣһһĿȫը
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ƫ䲻һԶаʤϷ蹻ԭֵĴ֥һβٷɣ׳صѹҲ֥ϸ֫ͦǵ߿ʼµĹĩͷľ޴־壬֥ͼĵֿ
һƷס֥֮󣬾ͿſĴȵ֥ǰҪִѺ֥صҪҰɣ֥ĺ촽зֿʡ֥ۡԼſšһôҰĴִһѹʪۺɫĻѷС
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ѾĵĲ֥һĶ֣ۿȫһѹ˿ãضһڵļӲ룬֥˫ˮסвͣĿ޽ţҪҪ㡭ء㡭˫ֲͣƾš
һѹĲסǰȻٸǿԴʥأҲѾǿ֮ĩۿҲŲ˶ˡ
˿֥̱ڴϣƾһŰһ˿͵һͦһȻһ쵽ס
һֻһůİΧסһһʿСһֻ֥ĻһƬʪĸоİΧݷҪڻƵġ
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ǰŮɡʥرһһ֥߷һĸǵ壬Ҫ̵֥顣ҪزҽУ֥Ҳû۶ؼн³ߡ
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֥еʹʧˣŵɳˣȫļˣڵѪҺӿˣʹתΪ飬תΪɧȣű˴ĸоһ붼ס֥ȫһʤЦţһ治סسһ֥Ľۣ֥˫ͷ͹ǵļ飬֥ϸŤԲҡڵˣ֥ηȵ趯
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һָƵȥ֥΢΢Խϡšǻǿҵıָ֥ץһĺ󱳡
ڴʱһԽǴ֥ڳͦ͡ҪڿеĲУȥ̫ǿ˰ɣģһ״̬֥ȥ֪ԼȻ̰ģ־Ȼ޼ɵʧʾ
֥СɵࡣԼȥ˽ΡʹӺͷ˽ȥһҲس
һһ֥Դ壬һ߼ץ֥ķ顣֥ŷӯѩ׵ĴȣϵϵߣխһСܵܣ쳣ҵľһø߳ܿҪˡ
һһԼû湻ôͶףæͣͳɱ˭֪֥ЩԺˣԲƨɾ˷ĻеһнԶͦһδεײһĸ
һ֮£֥һ泩ŵ飬ƺղˡһſ§֥Ľʱֱ֥סһĲӣһ˫޳Ъ˹ĶȻġʮĹ˵ϣһεļι֮䡭
һҧ֥٣š֥ۻĴȣ֥һһӡǡֵ֥ʹˣֻ˻ţӭŤšڴƴķ˲·ѳ׵ķԼ׵ںһ𣬳׵ĳ̼ĽСһÿһײ֥ӹִƷ֥֥ĸ߷塣
ǿҵĿУʹһһеþȫ塣ͬǿҵĿУȴý۵֥ȫ˾񷴿֥۵βŤһĳ鶯
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һû뵽֥ԼΪͶ룬һŮûٸ֥߳ĴϹҲ֥Ҳһȡ
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ʱһ߳һ֥ڴϷʼս֥Ļ֥꣬Ū۴У֥ȫÿϸʼڡһַԭ˳һͷ֥β棬ʹ֥߸
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ֻ֥߳ԳƮĸ߳У౾ܵĺһֵͷһ𣬶һᱡ˿
ԼԹ˰ʱ䣬һֻ֥ػڵ֭ٶȻеĽҲ٣ʱнһĽ֥´齣֥ܵĽֽŲסһ壬һı֥ڵ߶
һ֮У֥˹һһɵļԼŰɵһңҪһħƣмæеҪſҡС˫ֲסƾһļһͷͣҡԶһĲǡ
˭֪һһЦ˵㣬ⲻǿЦܺ㹲Чڷɣǧĺûأο˿һûأһ˵꣬һ󼱶ھջڵָǲͣĿڳ塣@@˿̵֥ȫټһָض;ջڣ߶֮һ³ضŸվ߳е֥ǿ˴̼ĥУ֥ķ˵ֿ˫ķһļϣĽһŪ֥еĽҲԽԽ󡭡
֥Ĵ߶츾Ҳپ̣˵ٸ֥һǿҵܸ߳ӿͷ崫Уǳ֥ܿܵģģ֥ԼضӭһĳϵнеҲһĶ಻ĴԼĶУ˫ļвһ֥
֥춷˵ֿʼӭԼĶһʱҲеˣٶ֥ӣı֥Żشϣһͣ˫ֲ֥ͣһԼʵ󰮸˵ˮĲٶȽ֥ѽֱС
ضڴУһײĿڰ㣬еǡ߳ײɢֻ֥˫˫ţצĲһϣβסҡͦӭһĳͣžž죬֥вͣĽţš졭ǿҡŶˡûôˬԽ̫ˣޡǿҰɡһ˵ӣһ촽ӼϲͣĿţ˫һıץš@Լյʱ䣬ֻ֥ȫһ鴤ŽļסһһļУˡйˡ֥һһһֻΧǿʽ˵ͷһסǹУæ֥ķΣһٵĳ󣬽һͷֱӹϣ֥ȫһſڣٶҧһļͷ˫˫§סһ壬֭ӹмӿ̵潽һĴͷϣ̵һһ󶶶˳
һȫ󺹣ͷӹͣ鶯˷֥ϢоԺһƬããȻɾһ㣬֥߳ѻ˯ȥֻ֥ɫ죬Ľëסɬܲĸ߳ϡ
֥ѩ۵ʴεĺڴϣ˽һƬǽ壬һǸոյĳɼһ֥µĳеǳУֻ֥⻬׵ضڼ˿˿ˮ޵Сһܵ˼Ʒ֥֥оôô˻ζ
һ֥֥ڵ֪ξԽһӲ֥ڳҲ֥ڵٸҺŴµԼٸҺ֥ʶԼѱʧ֥еޱȵĻں޺߳ܣԼ屻ǰȡΪߣڱħǿʱԼ궼Լ
ȫÿλħԼ£֥ںԼﵽ˸߳ħ̺Լڵ֥֭ԭԼղŽᡢܵĽдһбʧԲԼԽĸо˶ˣ֥ϣһԼļͣЪʱһоԼ֥ǵĺܲȻһ屧ңֱǰ
һ֥˫ַڴԵʹ֥βʺϴӱĽǶȣ֥ʱѱ
һһӲĴͷ֥ʪޱȻĥʱ֥ʼҪһ㣬ղ̫̫ˡ֥û˵꣬һѰת֥ͷһĴס֥졣Ŷ֥ƽеͬʱһ˶ĹͷѾ֥Һʪޱȵ֥ƺһҪ飬һ߲Ų֥Ѩһ֮ʱ֥Ѿβ󶥣һ֥ʪ
õĪĳʵ㣬֥гһһо֥Ѩһ޳ݵСҧסһ׳߸ϵ䶯ĥһߣʵϵĿһͷƤ͡




307¡Ͻʮ

һͦһ֥۵Ѩгţͷϵ⹵֥ۻڣ֥ȵҺһһɵӿմʪһܹϵë
ʱԺ뵽֥Լǿȴһ˳ӣ֥һתĻǰһӵĿܣһһֻͦоһĴͷ뵽֥ӹڣͷ۶֥Ļϣͷ⹵֥ӹǻ۵úý㣬̫ˡۣôͣܲˡ֥Ľšһ֥ĺͦ壬һֳ֥խĳ壬ֻš꣡꣡꣡ϡҪ֥ͣսF죬ϢصĽšǣʱֻ֥ˣΪһ֥վڴǰڣ֥Ƥڰ칫ҴҲϣ֥ŵ̴Ƥֻ⣡һѴģ֥æҵķƤֻֻصУ㲻֪ɷĸԡġ𶯡㡭֥ҵֻһְֻס֧Լ嶯壬һְֻͨťιװûа°ˣӰ࡭ŶĶҿ·ϰɡ˵Ůͻᴵţţ⻰Ȼ֥ڱһǿߵʱ򣬻̱һ˵ʣ֥뵽֥ںԼѣһͷԭùֳܵһͷٶǵ֥ӹ֥Ľűɷˣ֥ʲô֥µ˵ûڸѾҲǸ˵ڻؼҵĳ֥Խô˵һɵԽ𾢣ַ֥۸еԵβ׳Ĵ֥۵ѨпٵĳţһߣԿ֥һߵĽͷģ˾ס
֥ʱһǿ͵ĳͣϵ绰Ĵ̼۵ͻȻֿʼһҲʼ鴤̵һһĸ߳ͣӿֻ֣ȻڶߣȴҲƲסûûڸﰡˡûڸʲôҽе㲻̫࡭ҡҡһĸ߳ʹ֥״Σһֻֻ֥֥һϵ֥ţһֳ֥ϵġ꣡꣡꣡Ÿֻͷ֥֪ġҰมҲʧȥǡšˡһײ֥Ĺɼ䣬ֻŵֻֻ֥ͷšˣ֪ڸ޳ܣᡭšûС㲻Ҫѽô飡֥ί˵㻹ϣ涯㡭ôม̫֡š֥Ѳ֪һֻŵϣʼĸ֥֥ʱѾȫ߳ļУʲôֻ绰þȫͶһ壬ҪһԼ춥ˡˡðҡɡҡʱ֥񣬳˦ţ˿һףһıУ֥ҵ䶯ǿ˱һ׳ߣһɹŨ̵ͣĽһͷϣʹһĿܴﵽͷһһҲѳֲסأһŨ֥ӹ̵֥ˡסγϲHҡһ˵֥һ֥ʵһ϶׶ûУǿ鵫ͷ֥תͷһǣۻһĿڽʶţʵ¶һĿУޱȡ
һ֥ţͬʱŷڣֻ֪֥֥һѨгһʲôо
Ϻһ֥ԡ裬һһϷˮһϴԧԡԡʳΣʹͬʱϴ裬ıڵ²Ƕͭˣرأ̵ĸֻܣ̬棬
ڣһ֥ƽԡˮ壬ģͬʱ̼ԵŮԵĻ꣬ůͬʱһ֥ڡ
һɫԵض֥ǰ֥ʵǸƷÿһ缡ǶԾ¿ɰ飬˵ķϸ塢ͦеԡͷǶôۡɬذһʥַ塣
֥鹵ʺϴڡжôĸоѵõ㻨ꡢջٵĳΣҲõĳοڽ㲻İ齻ĳҲ͸ҰɣҲõȫֻ֥ǵͷĬĬĬҲûǿҷԣŮԺɶڼ硣һϲ֥ƽˮСһذǿǶ˵鷿鹵סص飬ἷѹ鷿ִȫѩ׵鹵
ϸ塢׵ضĦһִܰһһİƵظ䶯ţ߷鷿ذƺʱҪҧ֥˫ֺ˳ӵᰮһҡ
㴽ٴκһͷһһһеޱȿСһ侫Уһ֥ͷסĹͷˮе֥öĽд֥鹵һҲƲסˣҺһɹ˳
֥Ŀڡ鷿ϡ鹵ﶼһľҺ˸ղŵľ֥˳ӵ˿˵ľҺԼ鷿ϡ鹵оҺ
һٴεõ㡣ںһ֥ϴӣְѳ֥ϡ˵ʥֻ֥ͬһ˿ҵһ˯һ˯ǰִΣһθؽԽ֥־θ߳һҲ󽫾Һ֥ڣ˫˫˯ȥ
һõ֥Ժ֥İ칫֥һе㾪еΡһȥţ֥˵һԺ󣬿֥壬һһȣֱ§֥㣬Һ㡣֥һ˵ĺСҰ칫ңô֪һôˡҲܣҺСѨѵ𣿡ҪԹ֥ţȴִܷܷһĴ֮ѳΪؿһһּذ㲻Ҫˣз֮İˣһз֮Ӵ̼һаģЦɫضԹ֥أɫ³ŵùĹڵģޱȡ͸ɫϡɼɫ˿ֵĺۼȻڲסѩ׷⡣
һɫĴʳָ󶯡ƽԹ֥ĽʹԹ֥еĽԼЦŵϷз֮и֮ŵ֮ϰǰڰ칫棬㻹ҷϹأ㲻ǵҿɻǵý㶯ķ˵Ŷ˵ˣ㣡Թ֥ҡͷٵؽǲˣҰɣҲٶԲɷˣѾԲˣңҲѾ֥㣬ô糺ˣôˣһ¶ѩ׷˶ɽ壬Ϊϵؼͱ˵صϷ㣬ѵ㲻칫ļѵ㲻ٴĿ𣿽Ĵôأý㣬ҪƭԼˣ飬ҵİɣ




308¡֥һ

һ㣬˽ɣԹ֥֪ԼһĶ֣оԼһ§ڻͿʼĻǳĴķĻҲοֻýذý㣬һڣ𣿡һŲܲأΪӪƽ˵ãֻһڣͷſ㣬𣿡Թֻ֥Ұο૵û˵꣬ͿһѾǵصѹ
һҰסԹ֥ӣСڣѸͻıݣŽ֯ŷת˱ҧţɲǼͨݻԹ֥ķߡ
ʵԹ֥òʮֳɫԲȹҲֻ֣Ѧε˿֮ʹŵҲڲס⣬Ѿ˲֮꣬ȴȻ͹ȳ͵ĵΣԸ޳ģǶׯͻľȴ͸һ˿Թ񣬸Ҽ
һ<<ƿ÷>>˵ŮˣһǿŮˣһǿ˵ŮˣԹ֥ǰߡ
оһĴִưСϻȵ˿ĸһ˿ķӦ鲻ԽسķĺС̫ɶˡ
찡ָĦɫ͸ˮ˿ŵĽʵСȣԲĴȣԲƨ棬˿ȹĦķΣ찡Լô죿һ˷ܵظĦԹ֥ɫ͸ˮ˿µķȣƤ⻬ϸ壬ȹΣԲԸУʮ㡣
һ弸Թ֥ǳĽʱ㡭ʲôһ֮䲻еġٷˡһյԲСԣ˵ҵı֥ھҪǿ㣡˵ձͻȻ§뻳Уٴο
Թ֥ѽѽƺûȣǷŤŤȥȴһ˷ܲѡʵԼз֮ٴαԼɷ򣬵ǱʶȻƻŮƵĹִڻ֮ĳܰ޷أ
Թ֥һƿһ㣬泱콿ĵҪˡҡҲٺġܶԲһ·ͦĴһ£ʱһг˵һаЦŵٺ٣㲻õġҪǿ㣬Ǳεܺ߶ѣøκεġѾȫԹҡͷ˵ЩʲôȴһһסС죬Ҫ˵Ļȫŵ
һҲûţ̽Ǳȹ֮УһѰصĻϡȵ˽Ѿ丵ϸһָһۣȫһһĻҲ˵ԵĻˡ
ʱѾ죬һҲٿ˫붯ĳȹԹ֥ǸߵСŮ˫棬ʱƺ㽿һȴҲûķһš
ܿ㱩¶һ۵ףעĿȻǶ漣ĺ飬ʹڽγǶȻ״ϸԼɫ͸ˮ˿ŵѩ׷ȺͷԲ̹ɣֱ֮ĴƷӵΪ֮
һŮҪǰΪ˶г˷飬лٸĽģÿ缡˵Ǻ覴á
һܿҲͷųԼȻֳȻѾӲͦԾԾԣһһ²ͣšһԹ֥ʪСѨҪ׼ˡ
Թ֥ſĿ̼ĵһеģǲܶԲ𡭡ǲҪ㰡һٺЦţ̽ʪ͸ĻָմһЩҺһһӨ˿ߣʾƵİָͷŵԹ֥ǰߺ˵
һһŪͦķ飬̺ͷѾ𣬽ͦһ£һ쵽ʳָָǻȵСѨٵĳ壬һǰ츾ҲܲסҪˡһˣֻȫ죬ʱƵĶһ£һָĳ鶯ˮõǣǿɰƨ۶⾧ӨҺմʪˡ
һҲ˷յСһߺһߵ֥㣬СѨʪȣǲҪҵĴˣǲһ˸Թ֥һЩ׵Ը˷ĪŵĽһ㻵ˣȡЦ˼Ұɣ˼ҡ˼ҶҪˡʱһѰ˶ͷͱСѨˣֳ˳ЦȻ֥㲻ҪҾͲˡԹ֥̹˫ŲһҲ˲ǰľﻹڿˣҡͷҪҪŪ˼ˡ˼ʲôˡҪԴߺ˼ҹﾭμ㡭˼ܲˡһаЦμˣ϶һҵȻһοֱҲǴһǲǰͲ¶Բ𣿡Ľ˷ܵĲ˲һ˵ĵԺ˼ҡ˼ÿ涼ʪʪġ˼Ǳɲ֪ܵˡ˵һĵһۣ÷ɧǵͷ˼ҰɡȻͷ˼Ұ仰һ˷ܵò˳һǿ񣬵ͺý㣬ҽ˰˵͵һֳͦȻ󻬵İһӾ͸ɽԹ֥ȵСѨһг˫˫Žһ״εĵô󡭡ȡˬ˼ˡһûд𻰣ͷ˫Բѩ׵̹ɣ˵ĵȻװƵĸ˶صײ˵ĻŪˮĽ
ʵ̫ˣԹ֥Ȼһ㱻һɵйˣֻļһӾҵĲڱһнɵĽΣ߳ˡ
һŪ˶ĺ飬յߵйǻƣתȥѵԹ֥ĵͷתȥĸſľļʻ棬̧ƨɣʱһζһ£һ͵̬
һ̾ĸߣ˫ָĦɫ͸ˮ˿ŵѩ۵ĴȺͷԲΰ꣬ȻӺѨڡ
һͷСѨĺ춹ĥţӿڵ֥㣬÷ĹȰùԲƨɰֿĻҽȥɣ֥㣿ƺ̼һСһһۣ¶һ˿Թߵ飬̽ԼСѨϣָʳָĻֿӵһǰ
һԼҲ̲סˣȻӺֱͱȥ˷ܵȫľͷϣֻ̧ƨӭһĳˡ
һһ߸һ߸ŪǶǰζĴ̣ǿɰСջһָһȽİƨɣȻմҺķ˳Թ֥ʱʧġһתͷĿһ
һЦڱ֥ƨɿȫҡ˵ձӲȻǿɰСջϡ
Թ֥ȴɫһ䣬æҡͷеﲻаﲻɵİƨʱȴֱһĴֽץסҡζҡβˡϹǰһĴͷһӾûƨɷУԹ֥ƨǽխǳżһǰһָСѨпɢעȻǰͦ
ȻխƺҲһһ㣬Թ֥ڲƨ۵ųк󲢲ôǿңѾţ֮һȻȫխСƨˡ




309¡֥

Թ֥ɺɵĴƺŬӦƨͷȻĲʸСһһƨҲԸдء
뵽һĳ鶯ָͣĿСѨĿСһҲӦˣһĳ鶯ʼ˳Ȥĵ֥湻ƨҲÿ֣𣿡Թ֥˫ֽץŴŵеʹôô¡ΪʲôΪʲô˼ﶼÿ̫ˣһԴܹ裬ҳ鶯ֱײ˵߼ӿٶȣƨɵСѨƵĿֶˡһϹ֡ȫȻƨҲٳ˸߳һҲ˼ޣľҺ۵ֱ
һ۰§ԲĽ´档Թ֥˿ؽ󻵵˼ҵƨɶʹ˼ˡһ֥˶Ц㲻Ҳúܿ𣿺ٺ٣ľջůʪխǸˮذޣޣޣԹ֥˼ұǲԸģȴӲǰ˼ҵƨɲ˼Ҷ㣬˼Һ۰һԹ֥ǣ鷿һĸо֡ɢһ㡣һŪԹ֥鷿캬ס⣬ȻֺԹ֥ľ
ţᲦԹ֥Ȼòһסͷ굽м䣬촽˵ϿԹ֥һһ㣬һܣؾסһͷڣͬʱ˫ȼнһͷ
һͷȥ٣һǿҵĴ̼Ϯһˮιȥһˮڳ˳ζá
һԹ֥˫Ƚһ壬ڳ˫Ūһ֬鷿鷿Ұۡĸ߳һ˽һˡȫԽӴĿмѩϸ壬鷿ͦ
һӲĴǰ£һԷ鷿ѹһظһԹ֥ϸ۵Ĵظһֱķβ
ڶǴΣʾһ룬һ˫΢ֿ߶ȸպãһĹͷڳ˼ĺѨǰ
һֿȣѴӲĴͦͷסⶴڡһԹ֥¡ѾðȥϺɫĹͷûԹ֥һģһһ룬뵽幫֣һͣסˣ˫Թ֥鷿ӣӣҵİʱһͻȻǰһӲĴխһȻһгС
һĽԹ֥ˮ࣬һּʪȣճĸоһٶȼӿ죬Թ֥Ҳ̲סؽ˳ĺβǹɵǰڶȫһĽΪ˸ǿĴ̼һԸײȫӹԹ֥˫쵽һ֣ȻڶΣСѨõ㡣
ղѾ˶ΣеʹгʵĿСһرסһһֽһǳխĶѨůѵģǳһȻԹ֥ⶴͣһؿʼ͡
Թ֥ܴڴĿУԸһӲĴխⶴĥĥڷڳҺ֭ȫһݵĿУס
һĽܵʹذѴӲĴԹ֥Һ֭ⶴͲ塣˶ƮƮȻνˡԹ֥ڰ칫ϣһǰȥ鷿Ū֮Թ֥԰ζһɵȻʮһֽţһζһ塣ѽһĻУһԼ̶ͦĦһز
һһԹ֥һϣëӵصһˢһˢɨһ˫ԼӲĴȴûһ붴Ѩǰ㣬һһеԵĴ鷿һӲѴӲĴݷϸҡһΣͦƨɣѰ۵ֶסһͷƨۣȻôӲĴؽη
Թ֥»壬һխη˼ʮ£ڴϣȸ߸̧һذѴӲĴë׵СⶴԹ֥ⶴͣһ׽ס۰׷Ĵ鷿ִָͷе⣬һĴ̼ʹȫ顣Թ֥ѩ׵ķмۺɫѷȥԹ֥֭˳ˡ
һ˫ֽعʵʣʹһι̵زѴӲĴⶴײԹ֥ѾһʵˣԹ֥ڴأһ˫ȣ趯ѴӲĴԹ֥Һ֭СⶴͲ塣
Թ֥һ棬ָر˷ܡˮݣʹһ͵ʱ򷢳̣̣졣Թ֥С˵һ֬鷿źƵֱۣϸëϸĴȡ
һԹ֥ĽƵأĽŶѴӲĴչȥùͷԹֶ֥׼ʪ˵ⶴڣֳִԹ֥
һְԹ֥˹˫Թ֥һÿγͶײһǿҸоӹˣһٶȼӿ죬һ˫ٴƵԹ֥ӣһߴӣһ߿Թ֥ԽԽҰˣһҪһ㣬ٿһ㡭һֳֻŴһֻץһǶӣһˣһͶˡԹ֥ధţһ룬һɻûͶһȻٽԹ֥ҲȻؽš
һһѱסС鷿ϣǶضֲȱٵԵС̼Ҳһ˫§סһĲӣͷһļϣһζţʵСƨɣָƨɵץ˼ѣֱŴȵڲ࣬ϵָ˽һ˫ƽ̹ĸϸ
һץס˫飬ſ죬һȲĺ⡣鷿ۣҸеԡһ˱żͦĵطֻһӲӲСһͷȻһͷԹ֥ĺţزӿ졭һתһֻӣͬʱָŪһѾøʳͷӦмҷӦģԹ֥ȴӲֻ۾ĴϢ
һúúõӴԹ֥ô׵ģԹ֥ŵתͷŴ۾ͷǰһһͷ㿴ͷһñ䳤ַ֣šᣡһһ촽ͷŪ⣬Թ֥ȴƿߣšûˡ˼ͷơƵöһץ֣ͷ˽еҪˣѽһսķۺͷͣѲѹһһԷļӲŪ٣ֱͦͦһһµز˽˫Ȳһÿһһ£ͺ߳ššŶŶ
Թ֥۾ڵȴһĲ롭һһȼ䣬Ŀת
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Թ֥סԼһ鷿ꡣָǼŪһӲ÷͵ͷš硭Ůѽѽһ֮أԹּ֥ҵ˦βˮڱ硭硭ŶҪˬˡһطϵеĹ޷̡มһ˼£ץס鷿һһָͷϣš
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һ̵ֻ޷СѨڵ˱มŨ̵ľҺһɹɳڵǯƣӹͷӹมมԹ֥ȫҲҵĶม侫มеˡมมڱҪһƵշš󽥽֫ȫȻһ󼸽ѵĸоŽѣڴһɲѹֵڲˬˡԹ֥ţʧſ˴ϡһͦѷеиԹ֥࣡һͣͣมֻùͷˬ̾á硭Ŷһ𡭡ŶŶมůม̵úáˬ졭Թ֥еáðһ㡭มһɡһɼСѨѨڡá޵ƯŮˣڣһһһйֶŨľҺغ΢΢ʹһ͵Թ֥ߣһֱһ
Թ֥͸¶λðĹʣûָһĹͷһֱƢĿдһĺЩ٣һеȣҲ𽥼ֱҪһԴȥ۳硢ˣ츲ءսƣ͡
Թ֥һ˼ЦһվһĴ֮䡣һḧԹ֥㷢ƿһ·⿪ָһġԹ֥ˣÿһһ̲סĳ嶯̾һúȻ̬ȣһԹ֥һһ룬ʪͷͷĶȥ촽ϣһγ޷ݵĿСһɵ̾һԹ֥ڿڽѾ¯ļɣʱǿ˱ʱнŪʱ³ȥһеꡣ
ȻڹͷϴڹͷĦ־̲סŤƨɷеĺͬʱɼץԹ֥ɷٵͷ
ʱԹָ֥սذʱָڻŵˢȥ
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һֻɱ߲߱ķһԹ֥СѨһΡʱ򣬾޴룬ҪӹޱǿҵѹȸУʹԹ֥ſ죬ͷ¶ѩ׵ĲӣΪ߳ĲϣҲеѡԹ֥ݵغšܺԼİǵƽϣκŮ˶СԹ֥ѾȫԼһĿв԰Ρ
һ˴аʱŰ֪ƣشӺֽڡԹ֥СѨﾷţԼҲѾǽڼεĸ߳ˣֻеԼɽһڿֵ۷ԽԽߡ
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һŽŮҺڷĴһȻĴţһСѨԹ֥һŲݵأһڵϡ
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һ촽˱Σ۵ͷ̼綹ǰٰʹѣĵĿȫҺķŰȻ飬΢ԵýޱȣӴ㱧ҡһ⫵Ľ¶޵İ⣬Ľ׸һ
һ֪޵Ѿ뼢ʵĵ߷߳ǳ͸ĶعѶ壬ʱ粻׺ݵĳȥŮ彻ʹ㣬޷ȡպĻġһ漴´ĽһʱһǸأź÷ϵ񾥣һ𣬰һΰֳ񾥡
һͷ⻬Բķ֮£ʹǴںëǵĳԵøͻͦһվڴߣֿ޳۵˫Ⱥ˫ּСȸڼϣӲ񾥣ôͷϸСʪ춺ŪţһŪ÷βͣͦţƬźţƺȲѰʳมٶһҪı㡭ɡһʱˣһͦȫ룬ʩչŮ˻ޱȵϺƳƴǰţСѨģ֮¼ף顢泩ޱȡ̡̡Ůײ֮ڶðѸ̧ǰŤڣӭһͺĳ壬ҵļУ޵ˬ޵ϲáӴһõܵܡߡðҺþûôˬ졭ô塭ҶνมҵˡҵĶมˬʧĽǴ̾Ƶڡ˿㷢衢㺹ȼ棬ʹ¶ɧ̬ԺûбˣԼŮҲ׵⡣ڵȫڻĿУȫһˡ
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һģ񾥸ĳ壬Ĵ̼һ߳壬顢СѨƬϸ񾥵ĳ巭泩ȫΣСѨȺҺй̵һͷһ顣




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һ³˱ǳɴͷչ˵ڶƣ󱦱֮ͦУ顢ֳ˵ĽѨʱ֯һƬ˵һʹֻɵذƮȻɣҪóˡ
ѿ쵽ľ磬ɧ̬ٳŤΣʹˮ㺹һ͸ţԽսԽͣԽԽأԷֳǴ˵ٴεرһȼˣŤŷοӭգеӴһ塭ˡߡšˬˡššá졭ˡˡߡ١塭졭㡭ࡡһҲ쳣ţɨҶѹͲţµףδֱѨĻıһĴ󱦱ֱһһϵؼŹͷ˱ˬﴺͣؽţͦת֫ҲʱţŤŰ۵壬ǶԼߵԵ飬һһ׶εš嶥ǳϺɫͷһǰҡεûóתĻߣɷǺÿһ̲סȥһһŵذסǣţָϸ񫼫ˡ
һħͷӲǳѣԴ󱦱ɵСѨɧ飬ȫͣ۵ĴƨɸøҲˡѹһƨɣûպһĴ󱦱һţеùͷһ˿˿Ŀ϶ޣޱȣɵʹһ̾ص㡭ýġСѨ̫ˡҲֵŵܵܡһˡġ󱦱̫ˡˬ졭ˡššС󱦱ҡҵġˡšüˡˬˡѽŶมѽҡҪйˡ˽ţŤһţһ壬ֱȫ¼еĲһһǿ֪ҪйˣæͦӹסһĹͷխխʵ˴󱦱һĸоϮ˹ͷ˳Ŵ󱦱˱һĵˬУʹһһȣһɹȵŨֱۡۡۡѨ쭳ȫӹ棬̵йһΣļסͷǲţҵزţ˫ӵһı򣬲һ뿪һڴϣٵشŴȻƷǼζɾˬ




314¡Ŀֶ

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һĳԽԽ졣ĺ٣ҲԽԽھҵŤһ߶ı飬ֻĿ΢ĵ⣬΢ڶӣڲһһϣһ£һҧ粻ӡ
һʶеһһЩ㡭ٴԡһȷһͷԸ룬һĳݣѩ°ڶǲеС
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һʧͷСУһ߽๴ԼĴ˱һɨСÿһ䣬ֱǵķһŷŹѾߺˣԭ޵ɫֵ
һ޹ǵϸУ˫ִǰ鷿İŪֵĹƣ죬Ҳ˽ߵĽ⿪ϵϵƿİɴۣһɸеǰһ̲ס̾Ѹٳȥڿ֮ȫĳһǰһ̾عǰ߿壬һΪΪ
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ȫһĸˣ˾ḻһϱһŪߵټһִ˺˵ľ޴ȻѾ׼ҲԼС켰СȷϹһ񾥵ĳߴ磬ǵһĲСѨʱǲʮ۵СѨȫ޷һǾ޴񾥵Ĳ룬ɵʹ߳һߡˡࡡ̫ˡСѨıˡࡡˡมС̫ˡٲˡࡡһһĲСѨУֱǰ˵ĹͷӹһŽȫĲСѨСſϸϣһһſȥΪһ񾥲СѨеʹ飬ȻŵЦñСѨҵıѽ߽һһȻ¶ǵĽñƺСѨһĴִ񾥲ʱӵĽߣԭΪ񾥲СѨʱʹ÷׵һĨ̺죬Ͱ͵㡭ôԽ˼ҡǡǸһ֣ȴҲζ˵ڡ
һЦ㿴ڵСѨҵıţҽñҲûøһޱɿĻܲ˵ذһۺУҿһҲˣΣø硱вڡ
һҲЦſʼĳ鶯СѨеСѨΪܵ񾥳Ͷ̵ʱһЦʵý㣬оɣܵһ񾥳ʱСѨ֣һʹһᣬһ飬һǣһֵĸоһĿУǿżͺŲ




315¡Ŀ

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˵ģʱϼֱһ񾲺ޣĸϼԶΪͷϣޱȷزβ·İ߶ˣӢˬжһϣ
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һᰮҷǳ壬ɢ㣬㷢СҺķ۶˫ַãҷǶ԰۸ͦ˶鷿ϣ춹ϸСɰͷʱеͷͻҷ˫ѩ׻ԲţںŨܡïʢֵǴ͹һ죬Ѩ΢Ƭʺۡһ˱ǻˣʱСѨšߡȻӦʹȻ۾ҷķСѨڳʪˮʹһǡ˷쳣ֲҷƬ۵סִı׼ҷʪķѨβȻͦ룬̡һټ󱦱ȫûСѨ
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ȵĳ徹ǾδСѨصĴ棬ֵǻ֮ҷȫˣѸʴÿįСѨܵǹʵıҰĳ壬еһ˿ԥûֿڿȼաȽȽȼ̼ͽųȫϸҷܵСѨڵĳʵеƵƵʹ߷塣




316¡ҷһ

มҷ޷ٿˡһıҷСѨس壬ͷǳʵůĸоʹԼܵһαŪ˻ԼŮķ㲻ܴ̼ͬȴʹ˷д߲ѣҷƺżԹȡʹСѨһһϵ˱ŹͷҷδСѨխ紦ŮһֵòУมСѨýеҺˬϬĹƣʹҷ泩ú٣˫ֻסһķŤӭͦĳ壬ϼɬؽ̾һһ޷㡭ҡ췹ҽһˡͱ̾һԶ㡭֪ǡ뵽һ㡭Ҹֵ͡ġһοţû̵˫˱ҷķ㾱ʹеһʤ׷ҷСš
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317¡ҷ

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ܺ˫һ滹Զſ˫ȡһزŪ۵뽫ָ̽ڡصһؿڣ³һһ鷿ѹһֱۺ䶯ţһ͡
һϣķ˿һߡһͷķ˿Уѩ׵Ĵϣоðģģһûһ覴ãһ־ơ
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һһָеĺܽȷ죬Ħ﷢˺ĴһԾǣȻѴȲ濪ˣһǰ
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סһһϽšһָ⣬ָסӹֱҧһƽѩƤǰףʴ޵鷿һѪš
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һûжٵëܺĺΪ硣ܺһ̶һĴСϸָĦƨΧһƨ۴Ūš
һ˷֮ͷܺĵѨûؼţܺĶʱֺߺˣƨѹĻķסһ졣һ˫˳ųܺƣųܺ˫ΣһٴηֿܺĵĴͷȥˣһģˮһ
һܺŪԽԽ󣬳ܺĵͷҵһһԸ˵С̵һ˫ֺݺݵץܺĵƨʹסһͷ
һܺܺĵһһʳָŪųܺĵˣ˵ʳָָһسͲ£һܺĵˮȻൽһָѵһıмƷһܴ
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ʱĳܺģݽҧ´ϷššܺĺȻڵظţһһ㣬Ȼ˱Ѩҵѱܵ
ʱܺĳһֻڴϣѩ׵Ѿر¶һǰһӵ˳ܺĳϣ˫嶥һزоáӣһֳ嶯˴ܵܺĵȫϣεѹס˫ֽ˫壬Ļеȥ
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ܺıһסֳһļϴϢţɢŷ˿ĳֱܺͦ֫һɴ˫۶סܺǰǶԸʵ˫壬˵ƯΣŻᶶѡһתƣ˩˿һءܺɫʹ޳˫ڲţʮָץһļһʱһ飬˫ֽץס˫顣
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ΪܷһɴСϣܺſȣмѿһ죬Ȼһïʢĺںڵë֮У¶Ƭ⣬ԴɫĴԵмǺɫģʪģܺļĴ̼һ
ܺҪţ˫Żſ繷ڴϣĴƨɣǰһػζšһ˫˳ųܺĵСɵĽһ·˳˿ڲ˵׺ε񻨣׺ε񻨵Բʳš
ܺסСѨһֻýܺƨŪӴܺʱܺĵ紥㶶һ£ƺ˵еԸдһͷһؼɢŨŨ鹵ͬʱܺĲ䶯ķӭһһץųܺĵ䶯ͷ˷ܵƷζ
ܺĺ˽ţţһּŪ飬ܺƺ˷ܣԭСѨ򵱳ԼѨϸָҲץסһѾ͵뵽ůСѨСһĸ첲ʹһͱһȫ룬һһҲ³һһһȻز棬Ľ䶯󻬡
Щ̲סˣŤϸСҡŷӯΣƬ۵ĦһԸеĺ촽΢΢ţһ˵ૡϹĥˡһҲǸ֭˫˳ųܺθж顣ʶûȵ۶ܺĹȻǾĿˣŲͣصŪܺĵⶴжϳܺĴѶ˶Ρ
һֱָܺĵСУܺĲͣˮҺͿȫ͸ɫ˿봲ȫʪһĲƨʮ֮ãȫزܺĵСˬһȫ궯ܺѩ׵壬ڵһʶ̬һӳܺĵ֮пȥ΢ŵƬһˮԼðŨܵëУܺסŪһֲëſƬʪʪֹͣܵļ⣬ӭ˵ʵи
ģƶͷԵĨĨˮһְֻѲϵİƤƿٰѹͷƵһĹͷϵȥܺԼٹͷһֱһʼһһϣʱŹǿڣ˳ĽǶȣ
ܺĵǳʪŤһһɸоһĹͷһĹܺůʪ妵סͷǰһֱȻſſǶٴμסָоҳŴԲ
ܺʱҡƨɷʱĽǶȣȫ롣Ȼֻȫȫİסʵһȴȫסȫһһ΢ӲĶ޷ǰˣܺҲǰſһϣסһ




320¡ܽ㺣

ͷбһգһһһͳϢӳܺǱߴóܺתͷһ촽סһ촽ܺĵͷͷһĿȥ
һͣڳܺĵüͼʹƶȻÿһһܵѹžһһдԣܺſһϣʵĸоŤƨĥϽסǸʪ͸ѨȫʱͿʼŤһɣΪȻıеýġรųܺƨԽŤԽ죬ҲԽԽһ֪ڳܺһٵŤƨɺѴﵽθ߳ˣܺĵСѨԽԽʪһĿҲӸոյ־ĥĿתֻнĴѨУܺˣҲСˡţţţรСӣأţร˻Ȼһϡ
ſŵĳܺ˵ˣδĻŤƨɣΪֳͲͬڸ߳߳һָ߳ѨĳȴάһγʱһʹܴԽԽĳнܳĴ̼
һĴӳܺĵгʱоˣšҪôҪˣ˼һҪٲһһܺķѹ棬̧ܵһϣͦץסһŹͷ׼ڣһֻߣŨܵëȻٲĴһĹͷöסȵڡมˣϹҪ㰡һһӲͦƨһѹ֨һһû˳ܺССʪڣܺĶʱղųܺһʱһоСպã벻ܺĵڱȸղŵСˣؿһһ³鶯ܺĵȥһµͱţϴϷܺĵķȽĲסһֻ£һ𼸺ʹһܶһƴزܺĵˮŪôʪʪġรϹҪ㣬ˬôมมˬˬһ˫ųܺĵϸͱܺ˷ܵؿˣϴţһЩ໰Ҳѿڶ
˫ͻȻſôˣһ㻬û뵽ȼһľȻнƨɣһӼסһһŬһַܺһƨɣáϹҡǻʽ֫ſڴһӺش
ܺĵʽֱ̫˵ˣڣһָᲦͷһͦתŽ˳ܺĵĿɰˡܺһ£ǰǰңһزȻܺĵ˽бȸղŻͣ˷ܵȫˮ˳һȲ¡
һԽԽӲͱʮ£ֿ˫ȣһСһ߰ĹͷԵƨɡһǰŹɹơߵĳʪ˿ĳܺģ΢쵽סһʱͷûл˷ֵм䡣
ššܺüšҪšŶһֻûʪķУס˽һȦ⣺桭һ㡣£šá󡭡̫󰡡ͻȻͷСڣһ϶ȥ̡һֻ⾥ûСֻʪܵСѨ
ǰ˫ֳһϣҵĴţø硭ĺôѽášš̫̫ϲˡŶŶ۵ĴƨȴƶţŪţһҲɣӭ϶ܺĵСѨܣһȦȦʪ˿ޣŪһĹͷ
λв֮ǿϵĵطֻüǳǳëŵ֮£ֵиȻΪܺĵ֭Һ裬̡̡׶šһ˵㡭㡭áðɣ㾡˶ҵС̰ضšŤţˬˬ¡ôôʪšѡˡһۣе㲻ȶŤţԭȵ˫ַס˳ָȥŪһԳͦĺɫ١һԼŪǶͷĶ˼£ֻȻͦţС˻˻"Ȼ󡭡ͻȻ£һؿڣָһļȫţСѨǽշţůҺ漤
һѹ£ųܺĵĶ˵㡭߳ʱ򣬺ˣֻƶ졭"ܺĴӣС죬һĴгһȡķۺСͷһ⡢촽Ʋ˱һڳƵ㷢ǵĿ϶С㣬˵ģˬʹ"ͨ죬ָһգֳܺıѹһϣܺſһһ촽รһ˫ץȣһ
һ˫ֽշǰأ˫ۣһ֣ڵɸе˷ܵķһǰȥ߽һ˫ץŴ˫ڣСһ˳ٲ룬˳롭ؽţһĹͷеһһĿУɽƣԽԽߡ
Ŀһαһθ󣬽Ҳˡһ˫ǰס˫飬ʧȥƵ˫ȣƣЮһһҵţʹ˫飬ȥ˫Ҳ˱һͷ
һӣҡεúܣһȥʮκҵУһסӣ˳
һǴڵشϢؿţ˫鲻ͣ²ջһһǰ˫ס飬ͷʹ˱ס⣬ҧţͷš
һŴڣ롣һϥǰסһȷУԳһ£һʹβǰƣٶȽڣһƹȥѹϣһ뿪Ĵδۣһ̾һͷ΢΢һ˵Ҫúáϧң𡭡̫˵ٱ˳յߵۣӰޡ
һ˫Ʒֱ࣬βʩȥһʪ˳гͨ裬һĹͷںĦһһУһƳ۳ƽԭϣһ𽥼Ӵ죬ͷƫһߣ˫ֿסһľ
һÿƽһΣ˫Ͳһ£񶹸һһе˷ܣӼ£ʱ򣬱ѹڵذһԵֱӣһ壬˫Ʒһ΢΢ǰƣȻͷƺ޷һ΢΢ǰ˼Σ˫ļ˵º飬ʪ͸ĳɨһա
һ٣ʼһ϶һٶѹڴϣһ˫ץסضʹؽϣʮεĦŵ˸߳ʱţʱţȥִһϻ䣬ҡβѵ鷿ϣ沿޺
һĴϢͻһ֮ĺˮҡʱɶ䶯˫飬һ£ԭʼɣʹһ𽥴ﵽ߳һʼеڽЩˣһǰһҲȫĿһϣһӵš
Ż󿪣һĿԼë׵ҹ棬ܺķ۵ľһߣʪ˵һĸֻǸͦͦٶԽԽ죬Ĵ̡̡ܺԽԽ󣬱˫ֶһͦһͷĳһ˦㽫ϰסѿʼǰ۳ңųܺҧŴסУǰһٶҲ𽥼ӿ죬ͣİͷǰĳҲ˦ģǰһĻǲסС
һܺĹɼľһһģ֪ĸ߳ҪˣַųܺĵƬƨɣѾʼͣĴͦ˫ֵָ˳ܺƨɵ⣬һֻʳָ쳤ȥܺĵƨۣŪóܺĻļⲻָֻͣȻһڽȥ




321¡ܽ㺣

𡭡桭˼ҡšมáˬϴ󡱹̡̡һܺĵƨһѹϷһͦһͦȻա
ܺļ״ʼ̧βٵŪһ鷿ҵİڶţü۵ıǰŲڶ˽Уܺ۷ֱշ죬촽΢ţҲӿ˴ϢС¹ײɧͣ΢΢໥Ħһ£ֹƨɽסŤһ£ʱ˲Һ
һѾһ׼ܺĵܺĵĹɼ䣬һƣһĴܺĵԼһ룬ܺ΢΢üﺬһָƺһһץųܺĵƨɷĳ̣Ȼܺĵ˺ܶҺĽȻɹĦһÿζѳܺܺ﷢ġššҲԽԽ죬ԽԽһٶȼӿ졣
ܺġšĽˣҲü񣬵ʼû뿪һָһܺķɳ漴ľܺĵŲſľѾܺĵС߶ˣһ嵽ףͷʱصײӹϣܺһǿҵĿУУ
һײÿζӹܺˬ˼㣬߳һνһεֻһüͷ˱һʳָһУʱв
һʼٴηسҲԽԽأԽԽͻȻһеСѨһֻҲʹסһļ磬Ƚסһȴˣ˵ڴϣһν塣ǵġЦЦ̧һϡɫëĴγǿҵķһޱȳ嶯Ȼͦһ޳ȼһļϣزðϢ˵ѾʪһƬ࣬Ҳһҡһ£һһۣ
һֻڲʼ¡ܣһסϸʼŤԲƨһһһµͦ鷿Ҳһ
һԷһϣͷĻȻʼʶһļó죬ҧԼ´ˮŪʪ㷢һڶǰͷüͦһĳ鶯һһϣſڴϣӣβ߸ߵ
һƬ׵ƨм䣬ۺɫƨźϣղһʱˮҲʪջһһַסֻƨɣһֻסѾӲޱȵ۶ȥŶЩôְŤͷһһۣĵһղѾһԱȽϹ⻬۶ҲմˮһִѨ
ůֽĸоʹһɿسӭգתһڣʰĵƨҲӭգǿʼһ֪ѾסˣƨγڴϣݺݵزһһֵĶ㣬һص˼䡣
һָʼ³ͣܺԼȲһļһز壬컨˺šɣѨЮйˣˮխȹ״һʱ御תȻͣʱٵĦʱڽ衣
ܺĹխȹƨΪһĶһڳܺĵ岻ͣ˼Ӻ󣬳ܺǡ°һһϢ׵ķ鷿ѹһͷϡһԼ˳ܺĵΣһֲִͲ˳ܺĵڡ
һվŸܺĵҲסһһһµذһɡǰ˫ͷһͷϻζøߵխȹ¶׿ԲΣˮϴιеγ
ܺıһƨţĳҲеԵƮšš˽һһһᵽܺϵˮζһóܺ˫ץסϵ壬˳ܺĵβٸ
ܺķƬαʮָֻסһһ򵽳ܺĵĽ⣬ܺ˵һȡ֡Űܺڳ͵մܺڵˮĺϱеʵˮڴ̨ϡม崿ĳܺ˽СฺɡҪˡˡฺɡ°°ܺĽٴſһϣˮܺĵĸʱһͷȥָˮĻزȥܺĵĸźýŶ
ſһһġʱܺļԼţšһ߻ԼԼ١Ӽ̫ƨۺѽǵ۵ģģָоһˬѽһҪȥѽܲ𣿿졭ܺڻ̱ˡ㺹졭һܺĵһȫпǳس鶯ҡҲҵײ
һܺĵ˫ȣȥ嵽ײֱͷĥܺĵĻġһŸɣӺɡһٶ£ܺĸ߳һһ󡭡һʪܵȻ󣬳ܺͷ£һܺһ˫޳ȹסһһزԡҧһļ򡭡
һѳܺƽڴϣܺţһ˫ȼнܺĽ˫ʱһͷպòڣȴס٣һÿҡһܺĶǿҵĿУֱӼд̼ٵĿˬġġһҡһΣܺĶ󺰴С
һһһض룬ȥһ˳ٽ롭һȫȥˡһоǸֱ޵׶һšܺšÿķӾһθ߳ȻġΡ
ܺ˵װģҰɣûôͻ̱زˣſڴϡ
һſڳܺĵıϣܺĵķģеԣһ壬һĸβײţžž
һһֻ̽ܺĵǰܺĵ鷿ܺĵͷһֻƵܺĵǰ棬١ѽ࡭
ܺûκζ۾¡ǰļлšˬѽҲֵˡҪһҹܺһ棬һϣһһӲˡһͺŪһ֬鷿
ܺһԿëӵصĳܲƬ̺˿סһܺæŰβ̧䡣̧ʱһ㱻³۵ļҲβµʱȥȻӲĴҲû
һһַѹܺϣ˫׽סܺĵ鷿ܺһڣһһͦӲĴ׵زܺʪСⶴˡһоͷļΧܺĵСⶴнس鴤ĿвϵشһƨԾӲĴпͲ壬ܺذѩ׵ĴſʪһЦš
һԾβôӲĴڳܺĵⶴǳֱײܺҲһĶѳܲһͦһͦһӭաҲڳˮʹ˵ٽʱˡ̣̣졣һ˺һŨŨľҺ㵹ڴϡ




322¡֥һ

֥һζԺ󣬾Ȼ޻̸ĺѣһ̸ģһεİԼ죬һĵ鶯鲻Խĸһ˵绰һ̾͸ϵļ
һ䣬һ֥ԡɴ˯ۣƮһŮ㣬ӭ˱ǣһƮ괩ŷۺɫ͸˯ۣδأʴ鷿ǰ͸˯ϣ¶ˣһͷǹ굴ǡ¿΢ţ˯ƿ˿ʰ͸ڿ㶥ˣںһƬԸмˣһȫë𣬿µĴ󱦱Ҳ
ڴʱ꽿һ⼸㣬һһϲǣ֪꣬һǰһĿĸϵĿСһǣֺֻǣ⿪ƿ˯ۡ
ѩ׷ʴ鷿һǰֺɫһͷʽ޺ɫΣԸСһһץסһŴ鷿ִ࣬ͷͷ캬סһͷ˱ҧͷȥΣŪȫϴƵģ顢ᣬȻΪܣҲܼˡ
̲סģ˫ֽһͦĴ󱦱ŤϸĥţнеԶšһܲˡˡҡϡϡȥһ˫ֱ꣬ͷ֥˵֥̺ȥһ£ٺúò㡣ãԹ̺꣬Ҳȥɡ֥Цŵ
һǰڴϣԼȰ¿ѹ⣬ٽ˯ۼڿѵǰ˶ҫԡ˪ѩϸ۵ļͦʴ鷿ֺɫĴͷ޺ɫΡƽ̹΢ϸƵСݵĶۡͷƵ
һƬëֺŨĸסһ˫ֲ޳ķȣſµķ⣬޺ɫСʺɫ̶̵߳ëһһ󣬳ʷۺɫ֥ĻҪƯִַ󣬿һţһͱǵߴ೤
һ˫ۣҲһĴ󱦱ͣóôֵĴ󱦱۵ͣˮһҲ벻ѹ·壬ôޣʮˣϣ̴棬ıȶˣԼ޸ǳ
һڴߣٵͷȥ촽סۺɫĴˣ£ҧ˫ץסŴ鷿࣬о̣ĻʴġģеԣܼˡһԽԽȤ𲻶ϵ
һ˫ͷӲʯͷСѨµ÷ҡҰڣˮֱ˵еһʵڡܡܲˡ¡ˡҪҪġ󡭡󱦱塭ҡġСѨһһ飬֪ʱˡվҲϴ˳˸ͷƨ棬ȷֿ̧ߣڴϺƳʽűͷˣһһµĥ
걻ĥ÷ߺ졢硢˿˵һҵСѨˡȫܡĥˡˡʵβסˡ졭塭ɡһĽ̬Ѫڵıǣǰһ̡ͦһͷӦ롣һʹôֱˡһоͷһЮţ벻ʮ꣬ȻĽС޸ǳܲٵ޵
һͣꡭʹ𣿡ţһոһеʹڲûôʹˣһҪһҵСѨǰδܹ󱦱ٹҪϧң֪𣿡꣬һᰮϧģʱҿ죬ҾͿ죬ҾأҾأᣬҾᣬҶģðɡ˵շͷȥӣҵĺˡʼɡáһ˫ֽ˫䣬ʹͻһ硣ǡһҡ꽿߲ͣꡭһһûȥȻᡭȫȥˡŸʹء˵һδȥ˼ˣͦΣнеһ졭졭һһ嵽סˡͷסģȫһһȺˮֱһ졭ɡһʱеͷ泩ˣĳ壬δ⣬ٶʱͻȻһͷѽһͷһγ⡭ġζҡҡȡѹҵҡҪ㡭㡭졭һ˫ȣٽһƽ룬һԾѹĽҲ˫ֽס˫ŽһŤϸΡһɡҡҵСѨ졭塭һ§ýģѹŷʴ鷿ۡࡢȺĴ󱦱ڽͳݲ塢ԽԽʱġŶʹˡĴ󱦱ҡӹˡһĴ󱦱ҡҪˡٿ졭졭Ҫйй걻һĴ󱦱̺죬ѾСѨˮֱðҲﻹƵƵУһұˡɰıʹҪˡˡûƮƮǶ죬˫˫§ƴҡڣͦߣһĳ塣Ъ˹Ľššͦšʹͱܺϣ̼һԷҰڣ§꣬ƴݲ壬ͷƣĻϣ̡̡֮ڶˡ
Ŵ󱦱ųһһˮһطֱ˳ŷʰ׵βڴϣʪһƬһîһҳ壬ʹûɢסĴ£һҡˡҡйˡ˵͵ذ˫˫ЮĸͦߡͦߣһҪҵˡһ鴤һйע˫˫һɣڴϣȫ̱ˡ
һһģ۽գ̺죬㺹죬鷿źһһԼĴ󱦱СѨůֽĸо꾭һϢһ˫ۣĿһһôҲ˵ģ꣬ղźɧСѨİҵĴ󱦱ˡ꽿ߺ죺һղŵıʹҳԲйΣ㻹û侫еˣ֥ǷԵҲԲʱŪһ룬ҪŪҵĴ󱦱ӲˡŶսٹŮˣġ꣬Ҿú֣ʲôҾ֥㣬˷죬ѾСˣΪʲôСأһ¶СŮ¿ɣ˼˵˵ıСŮɣ嵽棬ڣͷﲻģŮ˫ﲻܷ߳޶꣬ǻֵġ˵ı֡ټʱ־ãӾǸַҲصĸһӡúҲ࣬ҵڷСӹڽղԹˣÿγ壬ĥҵ飬ͷÿζҵĻģʹʹˮֱҵȻԲˡһǴ̡󱦱СѨ걻ǵɧѵ߳㣬֪䣬ŤϸͦʷӭһŤñǣ죬ͳݲ壬ƬŴ󱦱ĳ壬һһϣˮ̡̡֮ͣ
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ͺľ޴ȫش̼ӹÿһ⡣ɷҸоԼꡣ[Ů]ɷҸеſ·ںͷһҵͻƵĿռ䣬С΢Ȼǡüˣ˶ˬ𣿡һĹţһǡ㡭ͣ¡ɷᰧ󡣡ⲻġĻҪġǰɡǡɷСغţҲ[ҲŮ˰ǣ]ȴܳʵѾ֪˴İҺĦŲ˼ɷڻҲѩ׵һº쵽˶ߣʹתĸоֳȫÿһ٣ƺں֮սܣǿʹѽģ
[Ҫ]ɷšȴʶؼнȣƺԼǿԼսʮĴŮڿű޴壬̴
Űɫ߸ЬСѾ޷ֹؽżһŵıϣĴҲнһҲ쵽ⶴսŰ˿СȽԼıϣʸУϸʹ˷ܡɡҪúð㡭ŤšɷĿ֮УʶԼԡ
·һһ˴˼⣬Լȴ󺣡ǹƺøԼС﷭ţɷҲܹơ³ɷҷֵ϶˾ҵĴϢУʱļ尾ʹƣһֻǿɷʹҿֵı飬С
˵סഺŮŵĴҺ·ɣͷҲʪĶ裬ɷҲԳֵԼͷӭš
һҵţûһŮʹǿҵĸоŮֻкĹߣǰഺŮȴԼ˴δйʹ̼оԽǿͬؿ֡ø첲ɷĲӣӴɿɷҵ֣ഺŮģԱĽ屻ӵ˻Ե鷿ԼżѹΣʴڱഺŮ˳ںڵĳץ
ɷҵ˫ֻɣûзץסһֱۣƬ촽ǽһһʼӴȡ
ഺŮҲĿ񳱣ǿҿ̵ĺˮӿͦʧȥǵӭ˵Ķ
һͷɷҵƬ³ɷҵһ߰ŮպһԼŮˣ
һeһȫĿ֡һס˳³ɷҷۺɫΣͷȦһĹͷڵĦȻһת룬̵ֱףٻس͵˶
޴ȫش̼³ɷeÿһ⡣ɷҵeѾ֪жȵİҺһeĦa˼ɷҺѩ׵һº쵽˶ߡ
һĸܵ³ɷʶؼнȣ³ɷƺԼǿս³ɷŮڿһϾ޴壬̴³ɷҴ߸ЬСѾ޷ֹؽһıϡ
³ɷҷĴҲнһѲԾ˫ֻһСˮ߰㲻סŤʼд̫ˬˡˡ۰áöมҲǿöมɡˡˡҲˡ̫ˡ̫ˡˬءҪͣɡ󼦰͸硫ˡˡɡɡۡ۰ѽֻͻȻ䣬·𱻵СáðҪˡ찡Ҫйˡˡˬˡɷһҵ롣·޴һδΰԼޱߵաɷһ±סһĲӣɫĸ߸ЬҲнӹץͷһȦȦӽ׼͸ˡһҲҪըͷزһҰ޵ĺУҵҡŷֵ壬û侫Ҫúڵ͡
ֱͦɷҴϢŽסֱë׵Ĵϣ˫ԼıϣںڵĳһζƨɾҵҡڡɷҸ߳ؼУ󷴹˦ȥӹͷһͦţҲˡŮһഺŮӹҺһɷѵɿ֣һ˴ϡ
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ȻİഺŮѵ´ͷһѳСഺŮһ˿ˣһѵഺŮϵĽָ׹ഺŮ׵ĳǰһ紵ҵĴഺŮ㷢ʯ̵񣬾ӨѩףʥŮ
һ󿴵ôˣഺŮȻô޷ݣһͦ壬̺㣬ϸ޳ȣѩɫϸֻӦС
ഺŮƴԽˡһഺŮת˸ƲסԽԽʣഺŮ˫Сʹȡ
ഺŮѩ׵壬ڽļǡ§ഺŮͣţȻƵʵĴϣԼҲȥ
ʱϵഺŮһһ˿ҡһ§ųɷҵţɷ鷿һظļѹĥ˼ϸø硭Ҫٶˡҡܲˡ졭졭ȥš㡭Ĵɡҡҡ졭š




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ɷҿ͹̾⾶ϣӲйͷбɷҾọ̈̄Ѽ壬ͻȻһůСѣִӻ
ɷҵĻ׼һ̰ͣزƬʺۡС̼ĺ⣬¶ԽԽãͷܹڱڣĽʶ
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ǹԵζӴ̼۾һһ£СһһϵŪһĴһһǵģһͷСﲻʱ丵峹͸ճҺֱܿ۵С˱һǬഺŮβѹһɹ֭ӻڳǹ˷
ĥֻǴһ²뾡ףܵļɷҧ˫ȭȣŤΡͷĳڿз裬Сһʢĺɽ裬˫Ƚգü΢壬󷢳첻һ˫ۣһ˫ȣҲʹˣѹһϡ
硭硭ááʹ졭ˡ㡭ɡһ㡭á塭ɡֻһ۾ǹͷ׳졣ɷҰԼĻ꣬˳һգǻȵ롣ǡǡһĴ뻨ʱ򣬳ɷҽɫҲеף㺹£ҧأȫɷֻԼĻһպµĽǵȫˬ֣顢ᡢζҪʹ죬жʹ졣
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һСһУһ´̼һĸйۣഺŮǲĽֱŴۣ߶µشӴվһһٴ˵
ֻഺŮһһ𡭡ഺŮһֻ۽һĲһֻС֣һһ߬סһǸֳִ׳Ĵ
ഺŮоˣϵڼҵסµͷųɷСһֽ߬ŪšɷСֵһ裬һȻ˿һ̵ֹС淭ڡ
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ഺŮۣ죬ڵشϢţظȫͣس鴤ӴӴӴӴ𽥵΢
ʱһʱˣʼжˡ˫ڳɷҵ˫Ϻҵˣͦͷ˫ֵʳָָĴָסһֻͷŪҲ壬ٶȲ죬нࡣ
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һŪǰɫ壬ֻ۱˫飬ͦ޳ʵ˫ȣԲ⻬ηʻԲСƽ̹ʵɷҾͶ֮ʣҰԴԣβʤգ˼




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ഺŮǷ۵޳ȣഺŮȲסķ߶˺һףһഺŮ˫ȸ߾ǰѹ
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һ˫֣ഺŮǻԲ̵ͦķμʵ۵ĴȲסߣֱഺŮŤѩΡ
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屻ֱԽõľʹʹóɷҷһߣߣһ˷ܵǰų壬ץɷҵ鷿ץһƤ
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һ°Ѿʪ͸խСķۺɫǿãٵ㣬̵ǰŨܵѨëСһֱ죬һѷʪ󲻿Ƭ΢΢ſ
ʱһԼƿһ࣬һԼĽ޵İȣȴԼеװ̸ƿһɵʮ죬Ϊڴ˼ܵ°ҪԼƿǰ̲ԸԼܵĽӴȥ𣿻ԼǶŭˣ
˿һ̳գԳ֣ͻƿƽմӱһȴ޷Ⱒ̾Ǻ⣿
ϾһׯƳ֡฾ʱҪӽԼޱһ˵ʵ߳ܲѣѷչˣа;֮οԼʮǿлѹĳյȥһԼѹ֮Ӿǰܲ嶯ҡأ
һ֮ᣬ̧ߺŵڴǰһԼ°͸ȹۺ֣¶δǿöֳŮˮζ۷ɧѨŸǴ󵨵ĽԼĴſʹԼҲŵ硣
һһĵƣĴӲʹΪƼԼǼ⫵ԸѨƼĽǸѨϵĺѨëѽѪţ˷֣ƼŮȫصķɧѨܽʹأ
ԼһֱԼ춼˵ɧѨ߳ܲѣǼæ˫۽գߺ˵ķתһԡ
һԼİѨһǸڰѨëµķۺѨδƹϵĴŮСѨïʢѨëڸֻܿһۺ죬ɧѨĴڸǣ˵⣬һǰͲסһԼǴӲĴ²ͣĴ̡Ƕһһ˵建תߺȴײһ̰аĿԼɧѨָſɴŴһε߽һֽѻתԴ
һ˽߶˵ɧ֮ĸǴ𣬰ָǴ´ԼĴม̡һһοһ߻۰Ͱ͵ĽŰ۵ɧѨʱȴ˽áС㡭ǰǰư̵̡ġ˵˴ȴߺͷҲ˵ΪĴ
һһΪ˷ܣæǰűԼװĿ´ǽɧѨһһǰ£˫壬˫ǸƽïʢѨëʹԼǷɧѨȫر¶
ŰһᣬƲܼ߳Ϊ߱˫۵£ָذԼķһע¶ŮΪصĵط
һһɧѨ֮ڴǰϵָӿ˴ٶȣǷɧѨ˵ʺǸѨϷѨëǾ̵Ѩȴᣬ˶֮֮飬µΪ֮һ鼤ѣ߶㡣
һ͹ǰԼ۵Ѩһܲһ˽֮¶Լ̰Ӽ飬ʱ崫һȵɧУʪѨֲӿڴһ˿˿֭ͬʱѨڵһеɧǽѨŪøʪ
ǿѹʱϵɧ䣬תͷһߵʵáС̵̡ǶǶ㡭ƵáƵÿ𡭡彿ʵš̡ȴ὿ǡƵҡҺСʪʧˮ񣬼Լһǿε̡ҡǶ𡭡һһߵ죬ǸеһǿҵɧִɧѨڴһ֭ΪٶȽŤԴһȴߵĵšɡ̡Ѿ⡭ΪŮˡֻҪ㻶ϲ̵ӡȫ㡭һԴϲ΢΢ָٴδԼ˵ķѨϣָڰеɧѨţǽߵı˫ۣǴʱһİΪ֮ܲ
΢΢˫ۣ˿żҪΪԼеڶ˵꣬һɹɼɵĿвͣسȫ۽ɧѨʪ˴ƬѨڴǲͣŸ֭Ŷһ̲סɧж
һʱļ춰̣ǸŪŰ̵ɧѨԼϵĴٶǼӿ죬֭ζѳ䣬οһˮζԴ֮ŲװɢŨŨζһǰţɵĿ̡Ƕ𡭡ŵúˬѽСҪ˵Ŷ̺Ϊѽ彿΢΢ҡͷ˾һ԰̸֮顣
һ͵Ľͷ밢̵֮䣬ѨɧζȻ󲦿ŨܵѨëѹʪܵϣʼ̰˱ţҰ밢̵зѡһһһ㡭ԡԡ̺ˬһֿŬŰ̵Ѩͷһһţ忪ʼҰĵɧѨһǰץסһͷĴƨŬ϶һͷɧѨҵţָ밢ʪ˵Ѩţ̼ĲŤԼ壬˽вͣһҡǶܲˡͻȻץһͷӵдУมһҪˡҡҡһ졭̺ˬ졭İˬˡ岻ϵؾΣĴȲϵطĴƨɲϵײһˮڴϣһȻϵɧѨҲһָֻȥڣҺϵȸȻϣѴŪʪһƬŶҵĹһһİ̺ˬܲˡѽһ̵ǶѽŶŶҪˡһѰŪˡŶðˡŶŶİ̺ˬܲˡ졭̰ɡѰɰɡѽŶˡйˡ德ţ˫ֽסһͷһƽ
һϴҪ¡̡Ҫ¡ΪΡʡհ̵Ļ̻ġҲϴһ룬ѩױСһĿ֮£һӲȵ˴д֮У岻ߺǼȥһǴֳĴ֮еĸоѽô֡ӲС⺢ӵġӲͦʮδٴжˡ벻һľǡΰŶӲ⡭˴Ӳʳţ岻һɧȣĵǻսš
һĴװ̸ſһգһǰδеɧдȫá̡̡ʱ˫һһĿӣһǸֳӲͦĴȫޱĳڵİǰ
һĴ˵ĴӲʳһȻӸſɸһ֪һļһȷʵС˿һ˵ΰӲͦ⻹ǳһ
彿˼áСΰӲͦ⡭ôĴֳȻ˼룬۰ȻסһǸȵĴǴ󵨵Ŀʼ¿ĴԼһĴֳ




336¡ɷĸ

̡̰มˬѽม˵ĴŪԼĴһʱȫܵȴáСɡҪŴָĴ󸧣һĹͷɰƤаʱ־ԼͷϷЩҵķ˿ȻͷſԼʺε촽׼һĴһڱ㺬˽ȥม̡̡һԼİÿһ쾪֮⣬ֻܲͣỤ̋Ϊĵİ캬ԼĴʵһɣ˵üˬУһֻҲûб泩ɧˡ
岻ͣİͷӣСôµŪŴżĥһĥۣ˫ֻʱɦһغ衢һСŪһͷѵ̲סе̺ûᴵมšһ˫ŪŰ̵㷢һܴĿСšม̡šһֻʵĶǣӣС캬ŴģһŪ˫ץŰ̵ͷƨֱǰС죬ֱมð̡ᴵšܲมðŪԽԽ죬һ͵Ĵͱô̽³ģһľް̣ƨתҲ򡭡һһ죬һĻתƨɣͷ˫ȾŴʹë׵ɧѨ¶šһͷڰ̵ѨϣͷȿʼѨë˱ǣҧʹʹĿգ촽ŷţȲ΢΢ŤһŪŴһߴӿڱзʹŶһëһ̵Ƭ˿¶ͨͨ¶ĵһѨˮһƵͦУòˣС𡭡ˡöม彿߲ѣһſڽСٺס촽˱šͷšҧţʱٰ½̵ɧѨ棬¹Χ⡣屻һֳ̼ŪȫͣضţشŵһมҪˡѽ㡭µҡˡҧáҡˡҡҺáѽĻһ밢̴Ҳ̲ˣ˫ֱ˫ȣϰ̵ɧѨһѰ̵Сͷѷ죬ϵŰ̵ɧѨŪֵޱȵС캬Źͷɵͷ˱ŵۡ
³ͷһغСС෭ţȻתһƨϵƨ۶һƨɣͷƨ۶Ūţ̼һȫ飬Ƥ
ǰλ޸߹ȴĲһУһƥĸ㣬ԽǿỊ̇һǳĪĳɾ͸УɴѰ̷۵ƨѹϣʼζˮɧѨˣͷ£ʱҧС١šССҪٶˡม̺һܲˡ̲סɧ壬СһĴܵƵģʱ˱Ŀյţ÷йеŤְڵģǷͻ¡һĥš̵ĸαมáˡมˡҪһġֹɧѨͣˮһǣСٸǱһһһ̫û˰ɣҲ̫ãֻƽ浾ׯ壬ͣŤҰڣɧĺ߽šáมมˬˡСŪðˬˡˡҪˡมมйˡ˽УͻȻ£һˮһſ͵һࡱһİѰ̵Һȫȥˡ
ﵽ߳岢û˶ͣ෴һǵôֳ׳ѸٵŪţһͷİƤһ¶һصСֺţŭŵҲڸлŰ̵ڰ㣬Ÿ߳¶İҺ
һ֪ԼҲѾ쵽˾ľ磬ŵáม̡졭ҷ̫ˬˡġมҪˡŰ޺ӣС캬Źͷ˱ֽɧӣһ÷񣬸ĴһĶţһͷϵһɣһɾҺȫÿһζ¶ȥˡ
岢ûһ侫ֹͣ෴СһֱðĴֱһĴ򾻺󣬲Ƭʪ޺촽
һ֮һԹĿһԳ̵ģỊ̇Ǽֱ˵ûõƵģٿȫ׵ļظϣһԸͦ۵Ĵ鷿ϸСԲƨɷԲµѨëŨܶ룬޳ɫĽϣұޡɧ˵Цݣһԡ
ڴһ٣չСɧѨˮ֮ǻԲʱһǰ˹ĥţ͸죬һƬ̺죬ԵЩ٣ϵͷѾͦĻӭżٵࡣ
һڰ߷Ľϣűݣýİ̸ĶˣĽ΢ѣгһߣݷ˵⣬Ըе޺˫΢ţȴһӵǡ
һ˿ҵĽһ£һȴĶڲĴͰ̵˳ĽӺϣͷסԸеĺ촽ͷСɧѨѵˮţڰ̵СĴĥֻŪð̵ɧѨʪ妵йһˮһҲڰ̵鷿š̲סһĥԼĴƨڶҡͦҪһĴɧѨֹһͦһһŹͷСƵơ
Сšá㡭ɶ񡭡졭һ㡭ѡ塭̡ġСɧѨ̡ССɧѨ屧ԹһĥһʱڶҡΣ¶СɧѨļʡ
һĴ鶯£һ߳ܵһĴһáܡˡ졭㡭ɧѨҪĥˡСɧѨҪҪˡ̸߿һƮƮƵأһڷţɦ˷ܲѣһͣĻųĺӣңĴ̼һδε𵴵ģʱѿƲǣһŰѰ̵ȼڼϣµһͷԭѱʵĶëɧѨǸͦͻ
һ˷죬޶ζỊ̇Ҳ̲סˡһԼĴմЩɧѨˮŷ̵Сƨһ̡ͦһͰѴ˰̵ɧѨ
ףΣʹİáࡡ㡭̵ġСɧѨʹ̫ˡȡȰ̡ġˮ󻬡ˡ١ٲ塭һеܼˣůֽĸоʹóһر˷ܵóܹѹŰ̵СëĥСˡ
ĥһɧѨˮһëʪˣеڰǽСůʪɧѨ˵ŰʹӣȻɧѨе泩ޱȣһĲ̵˵á̡ʹ𣿡




337¡ɷĸ

彿˵áС̫ˡǵðܲˡһá̡ܲˡҳ𣿡Ҫ顭һҪôһᡭȡ̵ˮһʱ١ٲ١һһǰ̵촽١̵ͷ졭졭˵˫߰ıһƨŤ
һһͷһӣ࣬ڰɧѨĴŤøоˮԽԽ࣬ٽسһ£ֲȥĴ磬ʹ彿һáһеʹ㡭һá̡Ҹоġˮһ㡭ҲŲȥġС̫ˡ̡˵ҵʲô̫ˣһˡ̣˵㡭󡭡ˡ˵꣬Ͻߵı˫ĿһְʱɧѨˮӷģʹͷɶЩһ͵һֻ̡ͦһ嵽ףɧѨסͷסģһһ˱ҧáĵĻֻоͷӹģһδй泩ͿУɧѨȫʹ顢ǡᡢǰζӳʣζʵڱīСһѰδйɷģûһĴûһĳá
ʱеһĴһպһɧѨȼӲͷǣɧѨǣ˫˫ŽЮһƨһͦһͦӭͣ۰뿪գеáһһҪ춯졭ҡһĥķʽŤԼƨɣôڰ̵ɧѨתš
屻һĶţ߽Ƶ˽šáม̡ġһ㡭áһ㡭ûϵˡǡมมĥĥǡáมมءһ㡭ѽҵġ̡ġһࡡ̡áม졭졭١һ㡭ˬˡŰ̵ָʾһŤƨɣµس鶯Ŵʱ㣬ʱѹҲĴƨͦҡɧѨһĴܵؽӺϣСҲ˵ؽеá塭ɡС̡áٰɡûѨมҺˡ̲סҪҪййˡһĴ밢ÿĥһΣĽͻ鴤һ£ÿ鴤һ£ɧѨҲһΣֱСѨһɹ̵ֱŴͷһŰƨɺһѹͲٵס
ӹһСƵغ˱һĴůֽĸоꡣһذѴֱֻʣһͷڰ̵ɧѨڣؼٲ룬ÿζٵ̵ĻؽͣزС졢ɸȫһؽһ塣
ʱֻ̧֪ܵߴƨɣɧѨͦͦ˿ݵ˽еáѽһ̡ҪҪ㡭ˡมҪˡ̡١ááӴ㡭桭ǡ̡İġһ̡ˬˬˡһۼ̴ʱ࣬ǹ굴ǣʹҡۣټϴСɧѨסůò죬Ǵ䣬ͳݲ壬顣ÿγ鵽ͷֲ嵽ףʱŤƨɣʹͷӹתĦֻٵСáһɧѨĴ󡭡һ̡ˡĴͷ̵ĻˡٰɡҺˡ߽ѣһԽԽͣˮ̡̡ţδ⡣屻ٵáѽһҵСװ̿ٵˡԡ̡ʹˡһٶ£ֻоͷһȣһҺϮͷ彿áĸΡһ̲ˡйˡ˵꣬ſ˫˫ųɡڴϣڴ˫ĿϢ
һһӣϧ֮ģæֻɧѨδʱһ죬ѱһԲˮͣţ˳ŷڴϣʪһƬһһԣ鷿ͷϢƬĿýĺ۹⣬עһСô̸ղŲ㱻ˡ̡ûлùһΡȻйˡߡ˵ء㲻˵ðܡȤ𡭡⻵̡̲ǺˡĶŤϲŹء˵꣬ȥץһĴץϵӲ̡㻹û侫̡ҿղšʹй󡭡ڴϡֻðγҸûʹ졭Ҳû侫һΪˡ̡һˡһҪ˵ţһʹͷ彿ֱŤСɧѨˮˮĲ˳һһҲܰҪǲҪ͵طѹȥǴֳĴŶ׼ŨѨëµɧѨһ嵽סѽͣʹˡһñһβ밢̵ɧѨʱһ㣬֪̫£ʾһԵˣͳͲ壬һ˷ܵĳ̣ͷɧѨײеĵطͲɵ۱߰ģһıϣҲ߽ţƴ̧ߴƨɣʹɧѨøܡѽһĸΡһ̡̡ʹˡ㡭㡭Ҫҵˡ̡ˡһ̵˽ۼһֲġеı飬ԼҲĻŭţ㡢پαǣøˡÿһڣʱȫףٽתβΣʹͷĦӹڣɧѨҲһһ˱Ŵͷ̡ҵİ̡ɧѨ˱Һҵġͷ顭̡ҪˡҪˡҡһһͲ壬һ߿СС̡̡ҲҪˡҲٵáϡ졭ˡһ㡭ˡҺʹ졭Ҫййˡ˽š
һĲ嶯ԽԽ죬ԽԽֻٵˮͣţɧѨĻҲͣһһϵͼһĴͷ㺹죬ӣ΢ţ޵ϳˬ飬ؽеá̡ġáһ㡭桭ֿ֡Ҫ̡ˡࡡһ㡭Ҫˡ̡ġˡ̵ġˮǬˡôûСס̡㡭ѾҺ̡ġɧѨСԩҡ١ٲ¡ȥ̡ᱻ㡭ġมһֱйһĹͷ̵ˮһ̣ǣһᣬĻӤ̰˱һĴȻһ󳩿֮УһۡİŨŨľҺһйע̵ӹ˽ȥһ̡ˡҲˡ˵꣬˫һţ˫һɣ˫һգԺĻ˯ˡһĽϣȫؽţƮɰˬ쾳ȥˡ
Ҳ֪˯˶ãѹһѹԼϣȫ㣬һĴԼɧѨ棬ȻȥɧѨģһ֮߳ܺ飬һӿղǲ繵ⲩսһǴֳƸĴٵɧѨ͸ô
ʱһҲת̡˫۵Ű¿ͣ˼䣬һһУٿ˫ԼƸͣһ֮оϮͷۼշɺ죬æ˫ָסѩ׵鷿Сšһ̣ÿҿ塭ҪҪˡ˵˵˫ֻǱһˣղ죬һֻôɧѨδУűһ




338¡ɷĸ

ѩϸ۵ļ˫ͦͷƺ޺ɫͷۺɫΣ޼ˡһٿСƽ̹⻬ۣСɽƵһŨܺڶѨëһɧѨڵĴӲ̣βֿʹһͦһͦڶپɧѨɬɬʹ˫ѹסһƨɣٶнáСҪٶˡΪʲô̡һҪ桭ԡ̵Ļл˵á̡ѹ㡭ǲǺۡšǣһôЮס̵ķΣ˲ԵǴԾɲڰ̵ɧѨһŪ鷿һָۼա
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ӹƵ˱һĹͷŪô飬ˡšһز١̻ġ˵
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徭һӵġҲѾйıԵ־һǰRӿĻġҲԿƣҲһйˡ
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ڴϾһӳͣһ߳ƹpĺҵһҵɷ򡭡ҴˡĿ졭һҼֱҪʹˡǺһͷ󺹣Լһıϣְһ㲻ڽϣһѻظˣһѨһشڽĿԶޡġԸСഺŮˡ̵ڰοҡһѨ˵ģҿ֤㿴Ѵ󱦱ĸšššǸúӡšššεεˮðСѨѨššš˫ŵøԱһĸһĸ߳ˣһһ֧ƽ˴һı壬ÿ¶ӹÿһ£̾һǿҵĿгԺһҪͣ졭һ㡭šššͨ콿޵˵һĺ̫ˣɺˡһǰ̻£ʵʣ嵫Ů˵ϢԼһÿһ͡һδ͹̵ˣҪúõƷһ
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˵ӵȵӵǣһӣǵ̵ѩ׷۾һ̱Ļ£ظϸµΣȻᴥܵ˽ָס̻е٣ᵫٵĲ϶ҲĦ̵
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˴Ϣţһǿ׳ػСеȫʣ־ȫ綶
ף㣬Ϣһ͸һƬ⣬ֶ̡͸룬һ˿˿α֮ҵİı۽ӵ
ϣλɰһֻһţͬƽСע䰮塣ͷ΢̧Ŀţգ쳱ߵģͬϼ䣬΢ġšߡŽĺԩҡҡƬޣʺ죬һ㣬۵㴽ǣ˫໥ͣ˱֮Դӵĥתͣ޲ú϶Ϊһ
ʱ֮š⺣ܻ֮ͻȻ㰵ɣ֪ʱԼĴڣĬĬܡеƹһҵĶɫޱߣռ䣬ޱȣʹ
һһ󣬳¿ȻѹǱ齿ݣ硢ؼ飬˱޺顣ĥ䣬֮޴ˣڹ⻬ϸ³壬°ܡȼңڷܶ޿֮أ䵨£ȥѰ֡
ʱеΰۣȫ٣һ裬ʮʧȥٽ١ӵĴԼɷ򣬻Ҫ⣬ǻȵܳʵÿȻſ֫ΪһͦٱѨͽְֻգ飬촽Һ
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һ׳ǿɣÿΰ裬µСѨοÿޱʹ졣̳̹ĵʣɢӭϹƣ޼䣬֪ϹʹһҲõȤŮڳζΪĳԭ򣬶ʧȥ֣ȻõǼʡ̰쳣˼ο꣬ԭҪʵ˷ܣֵ÷
һ޵ģɧ֮˾飬ǲһУ֣ءһȻͳͲ壬ȫǸխСѨɵģʱʱ͵ɰһʹδ֪ζֳšĵĹԹԡ֮ǰȥ̫࡭ȥ١Ҳ֪л㡭һҵĸΡҵšþĸɰɡСѨɡ⡭СѨ̫Ҫˡ㡭㡭ҪϧҡСѨɡššǡѽѽһɰıֳִ֡ʹ졭ֳӲûġҿˡֵҪҵ찡ѽԹ桭ߡһΡ㻹ûгѽƣʵڲܶҪˡỹû湻졭Ұɡѽҡҡˡ˵áˡɧѨܲˡּˡһŵֽѨ飬໨Ե⣬תĥʹ֣֮ܣּ泩ƣ۰գ֮飬籩ʽ㣬ϸ飬Ṧеʹֵ֮Ķ㣬ۣйգδ֪ںδ
ο壬ǸŴĻģҺղŴĳݵ㣬ˣ֮£Уڶ޺ΣŤӭڡСİڶɧһ֮ľʮ㣬ͣĺ˳޺ۣһѰѾȤ𡣱壬ζһ̰ļ̼޵
ֱҺֱ紺֮ˮȫ飬գƮһ䷢ľһȻ̧ͦѨβϵתһһڵİڶֹ
һҵĸһ͸찡ıáһִҧѽýŪҳʵùɢƣɵûɢ֡顭һšҵĻɢ˰졭͸ˡͣһͣԩҡҳԲˡ㡭ͣһ°ɡһʵڡˡһ࣬ͷӹڣѹס˫ǽ棬ϧǲѡ
һʹ泩ñʳ꣬ʱһ֣ɾ㣬һʹɣţ⣬⣬δЩأһɵϣ֪ζ泩Һοջķϱɰഺʱͬ棬ҪҰˡ㣬ģԶΪЧһѽһ㣬ãɧ˾ұģҸоζһԣҪ޹޹ȻͬɰԹԣҲǰҽ㡣




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ֶθҰĶ׳Ķ츳˵ʣ̵֮黳֮츳쳣ɧı֡δζֵý춷񣬸ɵóϷɢ
֮ƸֵϧΨһʧȥⱦˣװĻ֮һδεĻ֣ƣԸϢıţ̰ᣬղζ
ǹɧȰ޲ܹ϶Ϊһ壬ֻͬԧ죬̬֮ȫ֮Ĺл˴˶㣬ɡ
Ŀӣɰһۻǣţ̰ģϢ࣬ת佡ϡң黳ǣ֮ķǣȰУɼһǶã
һȲ࣬飬˫ֲͣĽ۵ļеȵ鸾ʮ㣬ɧ͸˻ζʹ˾ÿɰ
鶯оʹ˲˼֮֮Ǿİǻȵİ飬ο塣һŮӣѲ鳢Ȥζͬɧǣ֮ѨƽΣʹ֣֮쳣ᣬǷοţ¯ɧĵ˾ַ飬ֲ˼
ŮԳӴ࣬˼Ƿȱδ֮ȤȱȽǣźɫһβ࣬ʹ㣬ʱ⣬õİԩҡ
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һָʪȵĿڵɧѨȥָʳָȵѨľһ룬ֹؽڶë̼˷ܵѣŶһһָɽ㡭ѨǸŮˡϲһĲϵŤӭһָͬʱڣѾʪܣ֭ϵεϡһı㣬ֵָʳָҵĳּ鷿Ŷԡץץ鷿ѽ鷿ơѨŶֲ塭Ľˬ塭һһ塭졭졭ָɽ㡭ɧѨ˿ʱĻͷͬһҵǣͷɢ˿ҡŷһĿסӲϵŪʱƴĿʼŤΣһ߰յһǰǵ촽һͷ໥ҵĽͬʱķβסĦһ̼һе㡭ܲˡҪҪ㡭졭ҵɡ˻วĦǱȥԲͣŪһһ̱ϴ˵·˸Ȼ˫־ĸŽ˵ķ塣
̰ڳ˵Ľ̬ջһ˫ߴſ˫ƵΪǶ͵ѨදȻϸָŨܵëǿ¶ʺⶴ˵һûУҪļʹɽȥŽĽѨ߷ֿɫźˮһȲſڽ˫ȼ䱧סΣͷڽѨͷϸ򻹷ਵȡ֭ͦŷĦʧȥһͷ˫ŪԼ鷿зһ㡭ȥ㡭һⲻסСѨзתŪʱ˱һֱˬȫ˫ץסԼ˫Ūҧ˫ƶƵĴһˮӿŪһ춼ˮٵ˽Уһˡ㡭㡭Ҫˡ桭ܡܲˡһ졭졭á塭ɧѨ졭ҡһվַסԼĴѴͷ׼ѨĦƼϺĴͷԼˮѨʱסͦǣԼڲѷƴϴţһùͷµĦʺʪĦ˼º󣬰Ѵͷ׼ѨڽԼ׳ļһ塱̡һ˽ʪ󡢻ȵѨ
ˬ˽Уáˬһļͺ̡á̡̫ˡһ̫ˡɽ㡭ˡŶҵĺúӡһ̲סķηŤӭһĳ˶Ĺͷδζݺݵײڻ֮ˡ
졭ҡɧѨáһ졭ɡɽ㡭ɴġɧѨýСѨɽ㡭һŶ㡭ɵĽ㡭ˬѽˬˡڽСѨˮ˫ֽıסһƨ°βͣ϶ŤòԼɧѨĴܸĲɧСѨҵĺһġɵĽˬˡˬɷ򡭡һҡɡˬˡƺܵɧѨŵĿУһ˫̵ֱƨɷĴĳ壬ݺݵĿٵɧѨг롱㡭㡭ˬˬҵġ󲻴󡭡СѨýҵļ͡еĺˬҺð㡭סһķΣ̵ķη϶˫ֺݾŪԼ鷿㺹죬СѨһɵ͵ҡͷſСŶһ̫ˡĺô󡭡ҡҡŶŶŶɡˡŶŶˮϵĴɧѨйͦһĳ壬Լ㡭ҸɧѨˬˬСѨýŶҵļ͡еĺáˬ㡭Һð㡭㡭һŶԡðˬˬѽҵĺһһĽÿҪһˡһͷ̷˫ϣ첻ͣڽ˫šʱ˫ץ飬ץıΣϺͷӲӲֱͦԡɡԡһѨŶѽɧѨưɡˬĺһม㰮ˡѽɵĺˬĺˬˬˡ




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Ÿ߳ĿУڼţ任Ųͬһִεİ˸߳ĵ߷壬йһһΣʱй֫޷һ˫ְڽ˫ϰֵŪ鷿ָ¶ͷļӲ
һָͷأ۵鷿ͨΡΡĻζţһ޷ĿдȫɵŤһչͷȥһھҧסƵͷⶥסתţ˱Ūڽȫ٣زҵ˫ֲԾ§סһ΢ߡһڽ鷿ƶƽ̹С񣬻֣ڳëСһѨ죬Һӿס˻ץʱİָСѨ֮г鶯ˬСѨ鲻ԾͦʱķӭָĽ룬С켱ٵźϡҡСѨһĴڽϡ˫鷿סָǵڽȵĦȵĺеĵطͯ类һȫһַֿƬۺ˺ƻһСʺɫˮϣһɵָŪһ̽ߵһڽáѹ졭ҵĺһڽ㡭ֹֹˡĸо̫ǿˡڽܲˡŶʱһĦµڽСѨͻʱ̷ӦͻȻ̧ŷΣһͣڽͷزڷ̵ĺĶԽԽҲʼҵɵĽеһԡĽˬڽҪˡСѨѹһ졭ڽСѨڽҪһѨһ˽д̼һҰԣѼӲִĴ׼ڽˮֱСѨһͦһͦڽѨĦڽȻֿ¶ʺһһϵĺڻӭŴ
һһִͦĹͷѻѨһ㡭ڽСѨ̫ۡˡһһҡͷѨвŪĦֱĥȫɧ˷ܲѣСѨɵķˮֱʹ˳ڽ㽿š΢ţ͵͵ţĽţõܵܡڽѹˡڶڽˡ㡭СѨߡߡ̵Ľĺʹһûо˵ٴȼҲѳֲסһֻ̡һӲ׳룬ִĹͷһ¶ĻһĳţĦţ˱࣬棬ڽŤڶһĳͣʱתӭϣһӿ˳ٶڽѨвͣĽˮĴɽ̱ɵˣ˽Уˡһҵĺһļ͡ô󡭡óӲڽ㡭ҺˡŶױɡڽɧѨ㡭ڿ㡭Ŷù񫡭ڽþûСˡŶҵӭͦͷסľҵҡ˫ֺݺݵץסһļ磬ָΪ˷ܶУһӿ˳ٶһαһκݡһαһοĳ壬ִѸٵСѨܳĦڣͷδζݺݵײģдСѨﴫȫˬ֫ٺͬƴƶƮƮɣӷ˵ķͦΣͦ鷿˷ܵǴ˲٣ϺͷӲӲͦҵ˽Уߡߡ̫ѽһôôǿŶڽˡŶááˬɡڽ㡭Ŷˡһҵĺһ̫̫ˡɡˡŤڱѹֵ׵ıԹɧġ˾̼һ˷ܣʹ˲٣͵ĳ壬ʱĵסѨĥִĹͷݺݵĥŻֱĥĻ顢ᡢֱˬֽ§һҧסһļйԼĿУԼƴİѷӭϣʹѨĴʱһ˿˿Ŀ϶ҲûУĽţһˡһô󾢡ڽˡŶˬѽǿɡɡڽɧѨڽǷġڽɧѨڽáҸһѨˬˡ˽̡̣͡Ľ䣬˷ܵȫӭϣ˿㺹졢꣬һĿע¼ŵɵĻһΣӭͦٵļУˡһ졭ɡˬˡĻġ顭졭һЩ㡭塭ҡáɡڽ㡭̫ˡˬڽ㲻ˡҪйˡСѨһһ䶯˱Ŵͷһɹɹ̵ˮֱйڴͷϣһˬһϴӼͦĳζ˵ĿԼþûиܵĿСȫԴ˷֮Уһڳ岻ɵİһԼֱŤӭһĳ塣
һظ£ÿζײģʹһѨܵϵĹѱɵ飬䣬ÿһθɶ̣̣һײġˡɡһڽԺáɡѨ̫ˬˡĥĥĺá̫ˡˡڽ㡭ˬˡһѲСѨеļͽתתݺݵĦģֱƢˬ̷˵ӭͬʱԼ˫鱻һŪͲɵķ˺һɷ򡭡ڽСѨˬɡɴڽѨþûСôˬˡһܸɡˡˡĿ졭졭ڽܲˡҪˡ̷̧μϣϸŤĺҪˣİڶһ̣̣Ĵĸ˶ʮºڽͻȻס͵ĸһвϵĽһɹɵй˳һĴͷϣСѨһһҧţ̷ейΣ




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йֻ֫Ŵ촭ŴһͳͲ壬ͻȻĶ˼·ϴͷһһ͵һɹ̵ľҺ̵ӹˬ̵ֿй˳ܸ߳ĿС
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һָƣָѨпŪ˫ȴſˮֱһȻͷڽϣ׼ѨͷϵţⶴܵⲻʱΧҵŪַֿƬʺ캬ס˱ţΧ˴ת˷ܵ괭
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һȴְ촽͵˼ϣһ£ͷ˫뵽ǻ֮ڣʪǵĸоһľǵֱǶ顣һǣһһ߳鶯һһ²ȥ
ٻĥĸоһͷӹײĸоֱǼȿС˼ʼӭһƨ̧Ҫһɵøһ˫̧ԲɣŬزţ鷿һÿײգ鷿һһ£龳ֱʹһ衣
һһеĳ壬̣ʹشУ硭úѽ硭úˬޡม硭มáҲˡ˼嶥۷ףһᣬһʹӹһĹͷϡһȻظȴ
ϢƬ̣һ˼@˼ͷһһĴ󱦱Ӳͦһ죬һƵģæĴ󱦱캬šŪ˱šҧšһҲ촽ͷ˱ҧСѨˣʱȥ¹źɫ⡣
˼˱ĻŭţǵСﻹӲ͵Ĵ󱦱ΪͷŪβͣŤСѨˮƽȱһϵҲͣĲĺߵø硭СԩҡáѽˡҲҲˡҪѡµá֡йˡ˼е֮У飬ֳָеյҪд󱦱еĿУܿķͷһϣİĴ󱦱ԼСѨסΪ󱦱ʵִ̫ˣ׶˺üΣŰ󱦱ȫ˽ȥ͵СѨģȫûһ϶һڴôѽͰһ潿ţ۰׵һͦһͦ׶š




349¡Խ˼

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Ϣһһ̰زƬʺͷţȻĳͷڲͣؽţ˼ޱȣ̲ס³ͷţһˮҲŽӿ˳һæ캬ס˼觵Сˣݾ˱ĥֱŪ˼ȫŤƨɣ۾Ҳһһµ̧СһһϵĸŪͷһıҲŪһһ͵ģеҲԽԽ
´վ˼ǰȹͷѨĥһᣬһӲ˽ȥ̱Ѩķļסˡ˼һҲŵģһɴ̼ĿҲѸȫ顢ᣬ޷ݵ졭ѽ˼е˼һĳ壬
һ˳ס˼Ƕ԰ķ飬šŪͷ˼۷ףȫѾ˷ܵ˼㣬ֻͣŤ壬ţӴҡҡҲˡһһһĹͷϡ
һ˼Ѿ̱ڴϣֿȣţ磬㣬ˡãԼ棬òãһһ˵ţһ˼Լڴϡ
˼Ǵ󱦱ֱţͷ׳죬滹մˮʹŮѪʱ˼ʲҲˣһϣͨ췢Ĺͷ׼ԼѨڣ˽ȥĶ󰡡˼˵ţһһץסǶӣƨһ̧Ǵ󱦱һӳ˽ȥ˼̽ŤƨɣǱǻһѨڻţñƺǲѨǲԼĸڣ᳤֡һĵpˬ˿˿ƵѨ﷢ˣһǿҵȼ
˼𽥵ؼӿٶȣ۵ƨɲͣŤţֻҡҡڰڣһԸʵ鷿²ţС糺죬һ˫ĵ΢ţҲʱشͷ˿ǰҵƮɢһΪҪԸ˵ǣ˼Ƿɧ˫ץǶұӣš
ʱ˼ˣһˮűһϡһ̲ס͵𣬱˼һȻ˫֧ڴϣƨҵĳ鶯˼ҹ£˫鲻ԽԼţø硭Ҳˡһţһͦ˼ƨɣ̱ڴϲˡ
һһѱֻһˮѪ˳ʱ˵һͻȻײһСŮ˽һϵľߵñ۾һ˼˼ʫص㷿죬ΪлˣԾͳ˽
һ´ץס˼ʫķ۱ۣϴŵҪɫǡҪҡƴŤš
˼Цãģ㲻¡һϲϰ죬δ㣬˸˼ʫأ
һһھסӣҲڣץһԷ۵ɫš˼ʫߺߵţһѸղСδɫȫйϣһ̽ȹСڿ㣬һסֻëףȺСѨԸߣȱͻַۡ
˼ʫŵؽеҪҪ˼ãҪ£粻ẦģҽԺ㻹ᳳҪءһ˼ʫ·ȡֻ֣۵鶶ͻͻε˳ٽ⿪ȹӣڿ㣬ĹĵСҲ¶ǰˣøŮ塣һ쿪ʼȫļ鷿ͷĴŮ͹ˣеĵطŹȫŤҲԽԽߡ
һ壬һ˫ȣ󱦱һ׼Ѩ͵ؾ͸˰ء˼ʫţѽʹˡࡡۡ˼Ա߰æ˼ʫͷЩˮ󻬵磬㵹˼ʫڽڽۣһصҲҪʹܡˡȥҡҪʹѽһԸдڸˮһݵ͵ص˸ȫû˼ʫࡡɡˡˡѽȫŤлš
һ壬˼ʫٸеʹһ飬ˮ˲٣ʹһĴ󱦱͵ĸ˳ˣһһٵزСѨ˼ʫʱҲߺมŶڲʹˡáѽšˬӹˡˬˬҡˡ˼һ˼ʫ˽ߺˡ˼ʫͦǷ۵ĴƨɣӭһĴ󱦱һ籩غݸ˼ʫСѨһˬĺʼнǰͦšޡɡĸɡ÷硭졭ĸҰɡҡɵĺˬˬ˼ʫԶ㡭ššһһͦŴ󱦱˼ʫСѨһȥ˼ʫ鷿ͷͷȥŪ߳ͦͷµĿ໥弤ţʹ˼ʫ״̬÷硭󻵵ˡšˬมĸɰɡԸΪࡡø硭󱦱硭ðɡõСѨมšÿȥˡһ˼ʫ˽ӵŬĳšมԡ⡭硭һ㡭มҡɡɡšҵСѨ⡭ɵá졭ɡš̡̡ۡۡϴҡ彻ţ˼ʫСѨһĸŪţصĽʱֻŹͷǰˣȥʱף˵Ŀײʱһֻôģڵʹֻйڸǵš㡭ˬˬġ󲻴󡭡СѨõСѨýมıеĺáˬššðġ󱦱ɵáͷ֡ˡõġø硭󱦱硭šˬ嵽áˡһ˼ʫƨ̧ߣͷ˼ʫβʹ˼ʫСѨӵͻ̧˼ʫȼڼϣ˼ʫܿǵһ𡣡ʫá㿴ҵıСѨġġСѨ¡ġҵĴ󱦱ššɵ㡭ˬˬššˬõСѨˬᡭˡѽม󱦱硭ûมš˼ʫ˿ʱСѨľΣһ泩ĸоСѨһҲˡ




350¡Խ˼

มม硭ÿˡҲһɡǡһɡÿ㡭ˡһҲﱬըıԵǼӿٶȵĲСѨĲ嵽ףһָ˼ʫԼѨĽϴָȥŪ˼ʫ١ʫáҪˡһֲ֧סҪĳ̡ɡššáɡҲˡˡ˼ʫСѨһһůӿһĹͷйˣ߳ˡ
һҲֲ֧סһ飬ڵ˼ʫҲˡһһȫû˼ʫСѨùͷס˼ʫӹڣ㳲Լ̵ȫ˼ʫСѨ롣̡ˡšһ꾫ѹ˼ʫϣʶ£ſ˼ʫϴϢš˶ˮ죬٣֮ӵһ𣬻ว塣
ϢƬ̣һ˼ˣַű׼˼Ķͦˮ󻬣Ĵ˽ȥһٲɣ̿ʼ鶯硭áš˼มšมš˼ϲ𡭡ıɡ㡭ˬˬšϲ硭硭ϲϲ˼šð硭˼㡭šϡ硭ıáôมúš󱦱硭šˡһ˼ĺţĳСѨ˫ȥŪ˫顣硭㡭˼ˡšϡø硭˼ҸššҪҪ졭ɡɡ˼СѨššһ˼ȣʹСѨСٸͻԳһȥС١硭ø硭ıô֡ô󡭡š졭졭˼Ҫˡйˡšˬˬˡ˼йһ֮һ¡˼һϣȥÿһ缡ͣز˱ͷһ˫ȥ˼ͷḧںڵ㷢һİ˼СѨеһˮ֪ĴСѨȿһ壬ı׼СѨ£йСѨȽУҴ¡硭ıô֡óáŶ˼ˬšš˼˵֮󣬿ʼŤ壬űһһڵ˶һıһһ̽СѨһоһһĿϮĽβ͡ѽˡšáɡ˼СѨˬššม졭졭һ㡭Ĵ󱦱塭õСѨš˼˫żеһСѨİıؽֽУҲϵİڶһĳ͡ø硭ĸɡšˬ̫ˬˡšúมš˼Ҫ󱦱硭áˬáš˼ˬˡšһĽ϶˼Ҳİڶһı˭Ҳ䡣šม硭šɵ˼มšÿ졭ܲˡšϡйˡ硭š˼Ҫйˡ˼ˡš󱦱硭áˬšıɡɵ˼ˬš졭˼ˬɡ˼ҲҪˡɡ䡭˼СѨšҡšйˡйˡˬˡ˼㡭ĺˬһ̿žأŨܵľҺ˼СѨ䣬˼ܵһǻȵľҺһ䣬Ķһ£ſһϡһ§˼ʫ˼˴۵ЦݣӵŽ硣һڵõԺʦҲĬǵĹϵһܺ˫3pϷһĵ£һѾѷ֡
ջĸŮԺһһ벻ջǾ̵һýóʦ̵Ĵ֮£ҲϲһˣͶͱ
Լ󣬳ʦԼ鲻Խ촽һ촽ϡһ˲䣬ӴĶȻĶ촽ýӲһȵصɴ۾ųʦݷǺڵͷӹ˳ʦУ촽ƿһųʦʦղһ𣿡ʦۣ΢΢ţ̺㴽һ촽ϣһֻʦ촽ֱʪ󣬻еԣһҧһڵĳ嶯ҳʦ㣬ʦǡ۵ǡһǣӵ񡭡һ㽫ͷʦɡʦſϮ˵ӣС죬۵޹ǵķ۱§һĲϡ
һʦĺ촽Ȼʦů㡢ʪҺķСһͷڳʦǰתʱʱʪͷһһһоͷе飬մӳʦĶȴһĴ򶯣һĿǻ򶯣һҵػӦʦİͳʦĶҵؽ
ʦĺһͷ׷ޱȵĿУ˱ԷеҺһסʦ۵Ķ࣬缢ƿʵ˱ʦͷóԡͬ޻ǰȴڻһҺƵʳųʦϵĽҺڴڵ˸С
ʦĿյýģϸշ̷ɺ죬ԽԽأ۽һøһʼԸеʦͦͦıǹĹĵһظĥѡҡҷס̰˱ųʦʪ۵࣬ʳϵĽҺǺ޲ýʦĶ
һ⽫ظʦǹĹĵĸеԵŮ弫ѹţŪóʦĻңȷһʱʦоˣһֱջأ޼¡ʦһֹͣʹߺߣͷҡץšһĺ󱳡
һſͷʦͦزסͣشĺһϣһоʦ۵κˣҫһһóʦͷˡһԳڳʦζУʧδصʦһҲƷеζôƿˣʦ֬⣬ˮӯӯĵĿһʦûǣʲôζһصʦǱ֪óԶٱĴͷ󣬷ҷۣһ޷ܰζţŨֲʧƣԣȣƮưģĶˡʦһ˵ĸоޱȵۡ˵ߵһİһѽǻƭʦʦôԼ֪һЦЦʦԼûгȻǲ֪ʦʦ˵㡭ǾһΣʦҵĺóʦһ
ʦ˪ѩۺһţߵ΢Ŀ̺ӣСϡһοɾǵıһҪԶáʦǺȴ٣ۣ죬Сȶٵźϣȴ˿Ҳƾܣô˳Űӵţ˱ţҪһ׸Ǹ㡣һӣһؽ촽ƿʦؿ׹ˣһЦǻṻһҲײʦͷԺ㻹𣿳ʦȺ죬ۺͷţԣֻҪԡȻһͦĿӣߵȻǺ졣ʦеڿʪʪģԼȻղйˡ𷽲һĻ̷̷ֱ̹ȣþƽ
һؿųʦ´׵˯¼֣Ľϣֻʣһڱס˽ķۺɫڿ㣬ڴϣ͹ѩ׵̻¶⡣ɲʱڰ㸡컡
һʦơԲӨסûа´ķ飬ۺΧŵӴСȺ΢΢飬Ķֱϴʦ·ԡ




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һˣһɫڿ㼱е˴ʦĵؿһǹĹĵ塣һĻϲؽʦη˶Сֳʦ鷿ǷʴһֻֽŸסһС룬ֶֻܽһֻסھ֮̾࣬оеԲ飬гȣˬ
ذסĽѾõఴŪ÷¡Ửĺһһͻ𣬰۵鷿һֳָһָҡεķۺɫͷһڿˮһ˱س嶯
һͷڳʦӯм䡣һֱ飬һһȴҧסʦ¶棬ú߶ԲСɵͷһںʱƵ˱˱ͷе飬ʱҧšŪóʦֻͷز԰Ŀ˼
ʦָһĺڷ˪ѩĽշ죬΢ţŶšһ㡭𽫳ʦҧˡţ޺ͷһнرӲ
ҡٿسѪһ¾ֱͦͦصѹڳʦصǵȻſӣʦ̸оһӲȺȶȡһͷԻѣȷֻѨҲɧԲ̵ͦķתʹĥɧǸѥɦȴҲʤޣԽɧ
ʦƵκ죬飬ӣзߣǡһҲƮΪ˱ͷఴ顣Ȼʦ޳ԲȲһƨϣһƨѹʹӲͦıصѹϡʦ˵һʦûǵԼ춵ȵȴԸʱˣʦȫ㣬·ʦĶ׾֣΢΢쵽һͷڿǸ󱦱˳ŭݵذȻͦţںڷëСֳִķۺɫľ壬ԲִĳɫĹͷȥ˼ˡ
ʦһһһץסϸ飺һı󣿻Ӳ̫ˣȻǸشŵģ˵еˡʦסһıµػ֡
һӵ껬һıŪŭǣȫȣ˶Ĺͷʹ࣬ظ߸ߵرʦ͵øˣҲڿ˰ɡʦΨһı֮סŮӽķۺɫڿһĶųʦڿѶֱ
ʦ縡͹Өʱһ˿ҵĳһǰ⾡кһĿʦԴʤĿӴʦǱҺ΢΢ʪںڷëʱһһѪֱӿıӲͦͦأ͹֡ʦһĿѣ죬иеһĪĽšӺͿֻš
ӯصһϢأȻѹڳʦĽϡӵĳʦ΢΢һһͷ촽Ǻڳʦ㴽ϣĥ㴽ͷ¡
ʦŪĶģȷ㴽΢ţ΢΢һʧʱĽͷϮʪȵӣУƵӣĴĶӲ̼ıڳʦ׾ײײȥ
ʦΪеظܵ˱Ӳȼȶȣһ壬鲻Խؽϸ۵ĶӭȥһͷһҲųʦɿڵĶ࣬໥ţ˵ͷ罺ؽʺһ
һͷæţҲûЪϢסʦʮķఴţ֬㻬ѩ׵縡͹»˳ʦȸ¡ӰСůë޵ϣһչס
ʦֻ鼰һֻֻ˴ֻеǧҧƵɧ壬ԴѨޱȵĿ鼰Һ丶ŪһʪġѪţѪڣܴУȲڸꡣһںסһͷ缢ƿʵ˱Ȫ֭ʳһͷϼеĽҺһ˱ѪӿҡǣΪѪӲͦӲѿ
һؽͷԳʦгĿֱðųʦʦңҪѱյͷ͵ĳʦ´˿ͷģˡ۵ɫˣڰ׷ˮĵҫעһһǲҪʦһǺ̵šʦһЩɬػ죬ɣһʦһѾ˺þˡһ۾ôģȻʦ񣬳ʦһĵͷһסһ֡˷ܵȫһסɺɺ֣ͷɫеɢĹʣѸʦѽķߵһ㽿ˡ
ʦ観ٸϵ壬͸˵ˮң޾徵ò촽۾ͦķ飬ԲΣУǡôӨ֬壬˵ΧԱκŮκ˿˶ȻĶ
һĿƣųʦ˽Ե൱ңĶҵִͦ׳̵ֳıʦȥʦһ׳óԽʺıһ뵽ԼһĸŮʱ˷ܡ
һޱȼäͦŴ׳ıڳʦҳ塣˼ζδѨǲ⸷ϷǹѨڶ롣Ӳʵ̵Ĵͷֱײóʦ⸷ۣȸ⸷ѨɧΪŪóʦ˸ǣġһ˿岻Ҳ͸ΪΪӲÿճ죬ͷֱðϢٵš
ʦһ죬סԼ⸷ײıۺһһߺ죬ɵӣ˵ҪʦطҲһȵıǣԼĵѨڣ뵽һıԼѨԼİһΪһ塣
ĶѪӿܣȴЩʦıɣ⡣˵ʦɿ֣ӵرˮӯӯĵ̸ۣΪߺ죬һ˿̣µΧǽѳױΨʣ½
һ۾ǰҪʦڡһıϮһеѣβһͦԼıסʦʺϣĴͷסͻ챦ʯϣʺĴŴͷһֵһλӣùͷȥûһٶôͷסѨƬ糺۵С룬ʼʩ
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һһ·ֱʦԴѨнյѨıڳſʦֻ̼ӲıؽԼ顢Ѩʦ૵ԣġȫ룬ͷѹѨײϡʦظ˿֮ԭüͷչɿץס֡




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ʦҲоһҪйˣ׵סһһסô졭ô졭ؾһĴ
һʦ̲ס⡭һƵԱȫڳʦѾõѨУʦѨ纵¶һȫȻɡ
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ʦ룬΢΢ߺ죬صһ㲻˵ҪڴһԷһ˵⣬Լԡ
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һֻʡ٣岻Ҫǰѹȥܽ뵽ʦѨұѨıڵĦҲǿˣбһ޷Ŀֱӿͷһصʦ㡭㶯ááˬʦγҲǸˬˣüĿ䴺֣Ө׵Ľ糺죬ߺЦʦûƭɣֻˡһƨһһ׵ضţʦ̰ͦķΣƵƵȫӭһĳ塣ŮˬѣѾһɹĿϯ£ֳйˡһʦʹ֮£ĴʵصʦղҲʱôۣʦ԰Ľϼգ⺢ô⡣һЦ㲻ʲô𡣡ʦԲҪŪһóʦ͸Ұɣ㲻˵ҾҶˡһͦǼӲڳʦⶴеı
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ʦ˵Ƴһ׽Цݣ֪Լϵˡʱ󷢣ȭһһûƭʦʱ˿̵ĳʦﻹһĳʦֱͻһĽŮ
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ʱֱ嵽ʦѨųʱֱ鵽СعͷѨвŲ룬ھôһҲýΪˣʱûлСѨڸպýСعͷѨʱͰʱѨһ塣һࡣһΪʹͣ٣ŮĿҲ˶ϣŮѨıڵĽе⣬ǳܵ˻ڹͷ͹ǿعĥ
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ȫĵسоУȻңֻ֪ȫͦƨȥӭ϶Էʦ̼ʱм䣬ֱϸϸ㺹һֱϳһ۵ú䤱شϢš
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ڶһһٸѾڴɨˣԭǹ˾๤ǿٸ࣬һе֣Ǹٸһע¡еսսģϾٺ쵼˵һ֪ٸʮˣֻĻͣҲù๤Ѿˣһʵ壬ڣƤףһ˴һɫ𣬡Ϲأô˳Ҫˣֻ֪ȾƣûǮ˻ҪҪ˵Ϲٸһӵί벻ҺõĹ˭밡Ǻùҡһٸ֡Ұ칫ңҽ㣬Ժӻ๤Ժñˡٸ벻ľϲһ֣һ칫ңһš
ٸ˵㣬᲻ḴӡҲᣡٸ˵һٸӡǰվǰһں棬ٸ㣬㡣һڱ§ٸٸ֣һťһťḶ̌һٸϵ㣬鲻ԽһĦβ
ٸβϴ飬ִһǻȥֻ巢ֲ㣬Ϊʲôô찡һûУûСٸһ󾪻һһ§סٸ㣬Ժ˰һ㳢Ů˵Ըġһ˵˫ѾٸǼͦ˫顣
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ٸһУŻӣһѸоһУ˷ܣͷĸٸѾ˫˵УʲôʱһѵĶ֪
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һͻȻ§סٸĻ棬ͷӣСڡһҪٸ㲲һ˸ͬʱ޵صĲһߡ
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һİѽٸڻУ̧ٸʹףǸ𪽿۵ϾӨۣٸѹʱʪʪģ˵ỹʲôĶ
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ȻһĺƯٸĶʣߺ˿ȵϢ͸ݡֱ˽ȥڶ޵ļ˿ĸоĵϽٸͷ
һŽٸĶ˵۾ͷȥۡٸ΢ĿͻȻоһ촽ʪĺ촽ϣһȵ˫ٸоԼʱһֿ˫ʱ˿ֿ˫ƵһʱٸоȻڳҺһͻȻ촽ʪ˫ִͷ˽ٸСڡ
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ѩ弡ϸܵҫۺ飬ԷӯӨߣŤڣԲ޳Ĺȣвǻͼ尾һĿŽٸķӦԲ긧ĦǰѩӨ塭
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ȶխʪ廬Ȼոձһָ룬ָȻᲢۣٸ۵ü㺹졣
һҪһְΧ䣬䶯ͣĦһȻ̧һͻľ޴ս˲㵱еĽѰѨߵȻǾʮ䣬ޣ͵֣ۣж죬͵䡱ȷ鴫һзҲҪ״ܿɾȻˡһҪ㰡ٸֻԼȻȡִ󡢼ӲΰƺԾ˷ʩʹԾԾԣԶԼסҲ޼£޷Ƶط߾ѩ޳ȽסһΡ
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˼˼ʫʱȻҲ쳣һȴһϧ˼ܾˣΪ̫ۣ̫̫ˣͽٸһһȴûЩ˼þ͸˵ʺңֶ֭͵䡱ܳ޶ȵŰ۳ҡ
һ͹£ٸлٿлһϹٸԽһһ߳۷壬߽Ъ˹΢ţ㺹ŰҺڿУӶ
һһţҳͣҰײϹ򷢻ӵ쾡£òֺˬĽٸ߳𣬲֪˼䡣
ҵ̳սһֱһʱһڽٸٴйʱ͵籡ĴˮһͷһһҲѳֲסɽ̵ҽڽٸĻһ˸о˶ƺƮƮķ§ƮƮɣͬڰá
浽Ҷϰˣֹͣһڵõ󣬾ߣŸոԲĸһİ칫ҡһԲĸ㷢ؼ磬ɫˣ趫磬òݣɫˣüɽ˫Ŀˮ촽һӣңǣŻЦһ˫Уȴˮתʵ˼
һĿƺҪƵģԲĸͷһ仯ѪҺڣȣ鷢ǣеζֱĹĺܰһ󽿺̬ˣ鵴˫ۣȻ֪Ǻá
һ֪ʱˣ߽ԣİοԲĸˣʱط𣿡šԲĸ߲ĺߵ




359¡

һԲĸɳϣԣԲĸѴѽ콻һǰñ¶ΪּӶϢ룬ҡ񶯣ϴһƴȫҺ֮٣ʱڷģһкǧֹҪһַ֮ڻΪ¿Ƭ¶Ǹ˶޴ǣĶӲѡ
һϸĴǰ޶˵ԲĸžϸļΣԽԽһֳĸսȡ׾Ө⻬Բ޳˫԰ϸļڼȼ۵ȼϣγȳƵߣı۲ǳˣ֮һĴֱɹ߸Ůһ˫ֻֿգ޹ˣʤգ˼
ǰ۵鷿Բмһɼ˫Ȼ˷ȴΪͦЩ̣ʮֵеԡͷγɬķۺɫ鷿ɫ֮Уδ˵ѾʼįİȻϣСƽ̹ʵǺ׵ëÿëϸƣڲļϸۡ
ϸСƬɫʷۺ죬ɰ뿪״΢¡⣬м˵ϸ죬ͬ㻤ضһǰƬСɫ˸ţɢٸ㡣
Բĸһ˿ң֬ͦǷ嶥ϵԲԲС֮£ɽ֮䣬һƬ˻سĴԴԷݣ֮ȫɫسֵǰ壬ŤƵ㶯š
ʱһѪҺڣˮӿ壬һ񾥱㡱ͻһƵֱһԲĸ使ͣϣҵǡʡ֫ġͷֿԲĸأСڲŨҽĽǼʹԲĸ죬⺢ǷΪʥ֣ӿҺʹ̶˵ʡ
۰۾ϣһһ¼ٵǣһ߽ȵѹԲĸϣܵ촽еĲλԲĸסҴϢƵŤ崫һ飬Բĸ롣
ƶʱѩ׷˫Եʵ͵ͷӲ޷ĳһע⣬һһǰ𶯵ͷȻָδ΢ӴǱҺʪӣɫΣָͷΪĻԲȦ¡ΧͿĨҺ
ָŪһᣬͳɰΣĵͻҲøͦвͻͷֳԲͣһסǼӲʵ٣ڿⲻͣһ̰ŲķۺɫͷͷŲͣŪס˱
һʼͷѨ˫ѩ۵Ĵȣһһõɦţ˱֫ܶԲĸڲ֬㼡вλżɵǣøִָ߳ŵİԲĸĦβ˳ŻϾ󣬴ȸڲ࣬ӽɽ𴦣ָܵ΢ɦʹԲĸԾϰ
Բĸ³סĺһƵҡϢôôСпˡѩ׵Ĵȼ䣬ʪ⫵ˮ
ѨڵѷڲۺڵŴ߶һʹĶӾңָĺ蹵ǰỬĻ꣬ۺɫճĤһ컨ţмɰųֲ֣ڵͷ㣬ڲ¶ɫĤ
һ̾ԲĸƯһ޵ԲĸȻѾһΣ뵽һߵðͷһߣ۵շһƬ죬ǽޡ
һŲ̧ԲĸŸӼҵ༼ͷʸȫɵ⣬ھʵߡ죬Ȼָҷֿ֭ʹ˱Բĸ٣ԲĸĵۣϪΪð֭ҺɷĹʥãۺɫ۴ҲȫɺɫСƬͣز
ԲĸȡܵϪȫͷƣССܿ¡ָоԼоһͷѷתģǿʹԲĸʱԲĸĴȸ౵Ӧһ㣬Ҳ϶Ѿ۵ֻɻ걻һִֵָͷŪĥš
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һӹԲĸĿգۺģֵ֪ʱͦ𱦱ͷĦźɫĳëһԲĸβʹʪ˽Ϊſһű̽ԲĸʪĶڣùͷĥԲĸԲĸֵãһοģ鷿泩֮Уġᶶߺߡ
һʮ׵ҵԲĸѾſʪѨǰ΢µŹأ˷ܵһȻһͦ룬ִıԲĸڣͻߣֱģ˳
Բĸ޷Ľ崫ĿУһȡһοԲĸҸĿаɡǣһᣬԲĸɳеȤ̲סؽг
һۼԭ߸ϡѽԲĸԭе߳𣬿ҵؽг˷ѵǷ۳ңŰϿиǲͣᱡ⻳пµĳԲĸȫűͻĿУʶûˣӿҺϴ壬̡̡졣
ԲĸͣĻ󵨵İڶһıԼ嶯ŵܵĴ̼ʱֻ崫ҳУǹĸоǰתһȵĸоӹ
Բĸѩ׵ĺŲ֪ͣԼϼӴҽһԲĸÿ֡Բĸֻ㡭һˡһŮӲ٣֮ͬˣ׼ɧΣ𣬴籩꣬ʹ塣
ͻս췭ظرɫԲĸʱ鱻Ҫƣûʧɢᡢ顢ʹۺƮУһ˫ߵ飬ĥŽأڣ̧˫ȿϣзŲѣߴۣΣڼ裬תÿҹƣ޲ǡô
һԲĸɧ֮״ջĺ촽ֻֽ§ͦ׳ıþĲ֮й֮֮ܽˣ޾ݣ֡ʱѵֵ߳еǺˮҺԲĸĴɡǳۺɫ⺬һͣĴ󱦱һһӣԲĸĺڷĻ衣һͻȻеΧڱڵһǿתԲĸһǯƵļסԼıҲֲ֧סһᣬһ̵ĺԲĸڡ
ͬʱֻԲĸͣϷһϼǿĵͨһ˿ҵ壬ӱһֱͷϷ޵ҺɫԲķβɵͦڻӦһĶϸѩ׵˫ֻļͷָһϼ⡭
Բĸ࣬סһִͷһͷԲĸڣԲĸһͷһƵǣһ޷˶ǣԲĸѨԲĸͻȻΣȫٵĳѣѽи߳ҪйˡްһԲĸˡһǰδеĿһӣдͬ޵㣬Բĸ˫һγ鴤ƵĽסһΣžͷҡף˫ڿߣݷϣıøͣҪһβʣƵġ
侫һֻĿݷңԶǰԸ˷ɵԲĸϡԲĸͬϰ㣬ֻ̫Ѩ񶯣۾ð𻨣ҲоԼ۴Ϊ׷һһϣʱʶѾʣʴ̱ɳϣʶĽֻ޳޳ܵؽһ֮һղԲĸɧģݱĶ֮ǵ泩使޼֮ۻңؽ֣ʹĻǹζ˵
ԲĸƮ̫飬뵽֮ϲɰ˶ڱΣʹ죬ԼôǴɧͣ޹ǡƺħ֣ʣִıɵʹ죬أ񵴶ѣǵã֫нĵСҡҺˡ




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Բĸ˵Ļʵ̫̲סݺݵĸ㡣ţ˵ú˭֪Ǻ˾һԲĸȻǸղǹ˾޲һڽҳˡûĵģ˵ðɣԲĸҾȥءҡ̺˵ѹȣֲáߣʧ㣬ҪҵġԲĸýģˣࡣ
һ֪使飬ζڣ·ȥˮǣϸ۵ͷӵ´ţԲĸ𣬲㽫ݻǹɧ֮״ʹţĺݾϴ׳ĶҲһɢʹãֵɾһҰҵĸΣ᲻Ҫңһ˼伫֡Բĸָ棬עһŴСʶȵ죬չ¶һ˿΢ЦͶǣһЩˮ׳ıۣ§ţţ׳ıӲͦţѨ׳ʵѹסеģͻؼžƵһһԵô׳
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Բĸĵ˺ţһҰƽԭϾƸţ§ԲĸĽҲһºݸȥͳ飬ͷĻϣˮš̡̡ķ죬һƨɴȶʪһƬ
ֱɵԲĸȥסĺţֱѽ߲֮һ塣ԲĸʱŵôĻᣬЦ亹ˮְ׳һôҲ㵷ɢˡԲĸ˵ʲôС׼ҽˡԲĸ˵˵һ͵ĳΣˣסĥֱ⣬ֵģ﷢Բĸæе˵˵ã˵һĴ󱦱Ҳ㵷ɢˡһʹҪֹɵøҰԲĸСѨһĴ󱦱ɢˡߵԲĸͨ죬־˵ˣֵֻЦһЦ˵ԩң滵һģ޾һ̼塣γ̣СѨѾԳܴ׳ıתβңӭֱ壬Թԡһ󱦱˺ߣС
һüԲĸתÿ졣һоѨڣ𣬹ͷһȣ֪йˣԼеۣȿڣźϺŹͷһ飬˶泩йˣŴȴᣬ˭ҲԸٶˡȥˣָֻţֻٺ
ƬʱϢŵ˶ڶˡԲĸˣһ˫ۣŽѹŵһۿüչ۽գֱͦıӣ¶˷һֻС죬΢̣˵Ц⣬֮㣬׳ıʣʹŮڹ治֪˶ٵ氮һ㡣
Բĸ뵽ԼԭΪŮΪ㱧ţߺһ£ֵЦˣ뵽ղźⲩӲĴ󱦱海δأֲգֱָܵٵؼָ
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һ˼УȻܰеȤΪ֮ţĿ⣬ݣ¡飬Բĸ屻ţͦأŤϸʵڶʱǰĥרѨĦӭϡ
һҲͦ壬ĥӭϣֵֻԲĸϲϲ˽УǡԩҡԹԡ󱦱һһͷŴ󱦱壬·ɣͦ飬˶磬ֻʱ御ʱĥѨڣӹֽŹͷֿ죬ĵףһҲֱֵУĸĹáѽԲĸˡٵСѨʹšþļа˽һһţøʹ룬ѽѽģٳ̬ǧǴͷɧˮԽԽ࣬ȣƨɵ϶ǣ们ͳӿ٣泩֣ʹ̧֣ͦתɣ³岻ͣ
Բĸʵھòˣ˵ˮɺӣһȫɢģЦһѹýܣͳݲ£ܣӹںѨ״еϣת
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һԲĸջ࣬ۺᣬѺˣھҵͷȵֱ䲻ͣԼͷƵģƲбǣȥæ§ţ䴽ڹвͣʹת
ԲĸתָһȻ󻬣ķΣ顢£Żģ̲סأǧȵſڵӹȥȵԲĸƣĲսͣ񻶰գ˼֣Ϣ
֪˯ãԲĸһѹԼϣȫ㣬һĴ󱦱ԼСѨ棬ġһ֮߳ܺ飬һӿ̺ʪʪһƬղŲ繵Ľޱȵˬ죬й۸СһǴֳƸıٵСѨ͸ô
Բĸ§һǣ÷ԸеĽһԲĸһӵǡѣҲ˱Բĸķۼա㴽˫ƵƵ⻬࣬Ūɦѣĸ𣿡Բĸӵص˵šԲĸҪĸҵ̫̫һˬġԲĸߵ÷糺죺ߡƤ񡭡˭̫̫ҪԲĸˡԺͿġסĸġһúðġมһԲĸѩϸ۵ļ˫ִַͷƺ޺ɫͷۺɫΣ޼ˣٿСƽ̹⻬ۣСɽƵһŨܺڶëһСѨڵĴ󱦱Ӳ̣βֿʹһͦһͦڶ
һͷ٣ּӲ̣ͦһתָסԲĸҪȥŪʽһɳߣһѱԲĸĽҪķĴϣҪԲĸסǸ̵Ĵ󱦱Ҫȥ
ԲĸһĴ󱦱һ죬ͦģִе㵨ӣһ˹ס󱦱˫ϰ鷿ĸѱ׽СѨһô󡭡ѽҲȥӴԲĸߴӵģ˵ġ¡ղŲҲ𡭡ĸסҪ




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ԲĸֲһҪҲҪʽ½ζֹסһĲӣŴ󱦱׼Դȥһ˫§ǷʺķһβҲһ̡ͦһʹ󱦱ȫѨסѽӴѽԲĸС콿һ˫ֽסһľŽʿʼͣŤڣѨٵ׶ĥһ˫Ŷ鷿ſ˱ͷ̧βһͦһͦ϶šߡӴมԲĸ˫΢գ̡̡Բĸ䣬СѨűҵŪţˮԽԽ࣬ǧ޶ȣ㺹ͣšһšҵӡšĴꡭšҺˬˬšԲĸԲĸš󱦱úĴꡭššһ˫ַԲĸ˫ϣصĴӣָȥŪͷĴ󱦱ҲĶһһµĶšࡡһСѨáŶŶù񫰡졭϶㡭Բĸ˷ܵҽţµ׶ţ졢ͣ˫ֽ§һıñ鷿زӴϵܣ񷢿Ƶ׶ʱתǷķʹСѨڵĥŴͷԲĸɧ˼㣬ˮϪСѨƬĺһ޴ıϵ޷졣
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һս֮µĴϢȻĸоҲѸеЩƣϢһ£һԲĸ壬ǱӲҡͷԣѰ֮ţְסԲĸҪѰ
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һͣسţ츾Ҳʼ΢ͦӭ츾˫սֺˮҲһһطйţ̵һֵģһһּ֪ӿٶȣ
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ˬҽУѽҵһҵĻࡡҵԩҡŶĸ㡭ࡡιѽˡŶĸġˡมѽĸ챻󱦱һˡӴѽɡࡡιѽҰɡŶĸѲˡɡŶιѽˡĸˡࡡιѽĸ첻ˡมιĸˡӴӴĸҡ֡ˡѽˡ֡ˡϡιѽˡŶһֱһĴͷһģòҲһɣһǿֱѨģ걻ǿˬĻȥһˬŶŶֱУرס꣬Ҳſϡ
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ĸûһ侫ֹͣ෴СһֱðĴ󼦰ֱͣĸһĴ󼦰򾻺󣬲Ƭʪ޺촽
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ĸٰһĴ󼦰ͲĵСѨֻһ̬СҲ泩ģมðšมô֡มšܲˡ˺
һĴ󼦰̫ˣĸǰʱһоһļͺ൱һ㣬һ̧ͷһĸĽϴֻĸѨŵ⣬һļֶ˽ȥһԸܵĸѨһĴ󼦰͵оýխǷǳĸоһĴ󼦰͡ĲĸมĸˡมĸĴȷֵøˣǰһĴ󼦰͸ѨǸȻӣһ֪һĴ󼦰͸ĸΪʵĸо
ΪһܵĸѨĻɵ䶯ţˮҲϵŴ󼦰͵ĲĸѨ˳ʹĸԭŵӸǶúðһĴ󼦰͡มĲĸมСѨˡһĴ󼦰̫ˣտʼʱĸϰߣһļͻûȫĸѨĸüúĸ뿪ƵģֻһһĴ󼦰СѨһŵมá͡ĸมļ󡭡šĲĸǰһĴ󼦰ȫĸСѨĸ˫һأʼŬǰͦƨɣŪҡţʹɢ磬Щ˿Ʈۼձ߱㺹סϵı޳죬ɧƵ΢΢üŮ˺̬һζģȴĸϣĸһ
һ뵽⣬ʹһĴ󼦰ǵøֳĶСѨมĸСѨԶֻ㡭ֻһɡĸ㡭һĸġɷ򡭡มǲĸġðĴ󼦰ͲĲĸˬĸҪ㡭ÿĸСѨม֪ĸٿѵѨһļ̫֣һеһĴ󼦰ͱĸСѨеýģһȫһһʵĵͨƵģһ鵽ŮԽζһ뵽ǺĸԽһ˷ܵĽ˳ڣĸСѨůýมеҵļˡ֪ôˬมˡһม벻Ĵ󼦰͡ĸСѨʱɡšˡĸɳİڵһһµŪʱı۾ĿСǳ׽ƵģһҲ˳ɳİڶµĸŪֻĸѨˮĸ˽˵
ðšСɷ򡭡ĸġĴ󼦰ͺô֡ѲĸСɧѨġĸมɵòĸˬĸ⼸׻ˡΪʲô㡭ˬĸɷ򡭡ĸˡมоô̼һĸˬˬมĸˬô󼦰͸ĸĺˬءมô󼦰͡ĵطоˬô̼֪һɡôˬมĸ͸ˡĸ׻˼ꡭСɷ򡭡ĸҪÿ졭ĸСɧѨòáĸͦǶԼͦ鷿ҲŻζһ̲ס˫ָǶӲͷŪȫĸˬţšˡม󼦰͸簡ˡֻĴ󼦰ܸ͡ɵĸôˬˬม󼦰͡ɵĸѨˡม졭һġ󼦰͡ɽĸСѨĸҪ㡭ҪҡĸʱͦƨһһµŪţĥתһӣټٵͦΣô󼦰ѨĸŪţʱµͷһĴ󼦰СѨʢһมĴ󼦰šĸĴ󼦰ˡĴ󼦰ͲĲĸˬˡมĸҪ󼦰Ͷӵ԰¡ĸҪ󼦰͸硭ĸСѨม׸硭ɷ򡭡ĸˡĸΪŮ˵ܣȫһĴ󼦰͸ۻԼ鱩ľ鷢йӭһļҡƨɣˮˮɳʪ˺һƬ
СѨˬมһĸĻġ㶥ˬˡ顭ˬšˬһˡม졭ĸҪ󼦰ԡɲĸɧѨมˡšĸٵĴϢͽ˽һһ˷ܲѣǿԼֳĴ󼦰һޱȵĸŮխѨţҵĿκθо޷ȵģһҲġ
ҵ׸硭มֶĸĻˡˬѽˬõСɧѨˡ˼ˬˡมҵ׸硭졭˼ҵСɧѨมԡһĸ׸硭󼦰͸硭มĸԭ崿ȴģټСѨеĿкͲʱһͷˮˬһĴ󼦰ǵøӲ֣һֱͦƨɡ
һมҵĴ󼦰͡มĸĸαšĸˡҪɵˬˡ졭ĸҪйˡ졭СѨĸй󼦰͸ˡĸҪйˡʱĸ֮ǰţԼһŪӲСѨһĽҧһļֳͣһɹ̵ˮ󼦰͸硭มĸйˡĴ󼦰͡ĲĸˬйˡɧѨˬˡöû󼦰Ͳ߳ĸһĴ󼦰Ͳ鱩ۻˮһֱһĹͷϣҲŸ߳ˬжĵһϣһɹɵˮСѨһĴ󼦰һƨ£ɳŪʪһƬúܲˣøոĸйһξһܿľͽ侫ĳ嶯
һһĸѾйýˣһæɳϣǰĸһ治һۣΪĸѩϸ۵ļͦ鷿ۺɫͷ԰ɫΡƽ̹⻬СݵĶꡢͷƵ˳ë޺ɫĴʺɫСʷۺɫ٣һţ󼦰͸͵㡣һ̲סſĸϣֲͣڵ˫ϴţ鷿ϵͷ֪ĸַϲĺͬʱԶĳ˫ȣһĴ󼦰ͣˮСѨڣһǵĴͷʪķʺදš
šһˡมһ졭콫Ĵ󼦰ͲĸɧѨɡมĸˡҵĴ󼦰͸硭˼ҵСѨһĹͷ궯֮£ĸˮѷĳһСϪһ֪ĸ൱ĿһϿ콫󼦰ͲСѨÿѨһæŰѴ󼦰ͲĸСѨֻѨڸ١
һĸܲš˼Ҫġ󼦰졭ĸСѨҪĴ󼦰͡š׸콫Ĵ󼦰͡ĸš㡭šŮ˵ԭʼĸ鵴ȻͨҪһĴ󼦰ͲСɧѨɧ͸ǵ̬
һѾĵջ̼գµĴ󼦰ͱǵִӲһùͷĥĸʺʪĦº󣬾Ͱѹͷ׼ĸѨȻһǰһͦ󼦰;ĲĸʪǳСѨ棬һһ壬̣һһ׳˶ӲĴ󼦰ͣĸѨڵˮ˳ľͲĸȵСѨˡ




375¡

ô֡มһĴ󼦰ֲĸɧѨˡมôְĸɧѨġð졭ĸɷ򡭡ɲĸɡĸɲĸɧѨΪ߸ϵĲĸ
һܷйһ̲סĳ𣬴̼һŴ󼦰ͳĸѨҲ鷿ŪǻԲʵƨɣһ˵ǰԸˡʴǵŮˣֻһйŮˣ֮˿ֻĹϵˣ
มĸĺø硭Ĵ󼦰ͺมɵ˼ˬˡԡص㡭ĸมĸĸαมĴ󼦰͸ɵ˼ҡ̫ˡĸŮտõխյѨһĴ󼦰ͼеʮˬСѨԽԽһˬѡ
һˬʹĿ͸ɣٹͷĸĻĺһĻŪ˼£ֳ鵽ѨĥĥȥȻʹĺݺݸ룬ֱĻġ
ˬĴ󼦰ͺ̰Ĳĸĸĸมҵɷ򡭡Ĵ󼦰͡ɵĸÿมĸͣͬʱļŮƵķ˵ŤҡƨɣӭһǿĳһҲһĴ󼦰СѨҵĿţʲô׵µĹ淶ͱ󼦰ͲСѨĿиȡˣมĸҸɵĺˬมܺĸˬšСѨеˡĸҲˬĴ󼦰͸ɵġมĸѨࡡˬม졭ԡٲ㡭졭ĸˬมҪĸˬˡһ㡭šáɧĸһĴ󼦰͸ɵݻƨɸһɳҡͣʪѨҲһһɵҧһĹͷˮһͣ
มĸɡԡˬˡһมĸɵˬˡɧѨˬ졭ɡมĸҪһӶɲĸһĸ˫̧ߣһϣСѨͻİһĴ󼦰ͲɣĸҲ˳Ƶ˫ֽ§һı˵ֱŤθͦףŤӭһٶȡ
ĸ׸硭มĸĴ󼦰ˡ󼦰͸硭ɵĸѨˬˡĸĸαมֻĴ󼦰ͲܡɵĸôˬมôĸĽɵʹһĻζƨɣô󼦰СѨﲻͣĳһµĸҲŬŤͦƨɣĽţȻİպͼٵĽУһ֪ĸĵ˷ܺͼ
ɵĸˬˡมĸĻĺáมมˬš󼦰͡ɵĸˬˡһ㡭졭ĸҪˬˡĸͽͣ˫ֽ§һıͰƨӭһĴ󼦰ͶСѨ壬ˬһĳţÿһζһĹͷĥĸĻתʹĸˮͣ
ûĸѨมҵĴ󼦰͸硭ɵˬˡมมҡĸѨˡม졭ٸһ㡭มĸѨĸһĴ󼦰ͲɽĲ֪й˼ΣĵϵĻ̌һĴ󼦰͸ĲСѨͣĺһһһĴ󼦰ͲĲĸˬมԡĸСɷ򡭡塭มĴ󼦰ɲĸ塭ԡĸĸˬɡมׯĸһĴ󼦰ͣˬѲ֪ԼٽЩʲôˣڵֻҪһĴ󼦰͸ĸСѨѡ
һ˫Žһϵı񵴸ް˿¶ӣʱţһǵĳĸǳˮСѨ
มˬĸ׸硭ɵҺ׸Ĵ󼦰͡ɵˬˡԡһ㡭졭㡭Ҫͣԡมˬˡĸɷ򡭡ø硭Ҫййˡĸһ˫һһֱĥţŮĿĸʱ˿ȫһҵĴ󼦰͸
Ľţ˫ָıţһԵʹ󼦰Ϳ͵ĳһһεԽĸ߳
һҲĸﵽ߳ʱͷĵסĸӹĸСѨⲻͣ䶯һͳƵĲͣ˱ŵĿкѨС
ĸͣϢģһֻʱĸϢһ£ĸǰͦ鷿һ̲סĵͷʺͦ͹ͷ˱
ĸһҧĶŪʡѹĴ鵴ټСʪܡ۵ϣһĹͷתĥţʼȫ顢ۺɡɧ͸ǵһŤŽ
СǲʱĴһ˵תͬʱһĴͷÿζѨеĻʱĸӹһһ˱һĴͷ
šĸСม氮ˡɡӡšĸСѨˡĸѨҪӵĴ󼦰͸ɡม㡭ĸֹֹһûвĸİȻͣһĴ󼦰ĥĸɧѨʱĥĸ٣ĸӵɧΣɧѨͣˮ
มˡšһ졭šĸɧѨɡĸˡ󼦰͸硭มҪĥˡˡ졭šĸɧѨҪ󼦰Ͳ塭ҰɡһĸİһټĸխСѨְһĴ󼦰ýģһĸ˫ȸ߼ڼϣ󼦰;һͳģɧεĸҲſٵͦƨɡ̧СѨ
ɷ򡭡มĴ󼦰ͺô֡ðมɵĸมĸһĴ󼦰ˡมһ岮ĸóʵมมšĸɧѨมĸĴ󼦰͸硭һ㡭มٲһ㡭̡̡һĴ󼦰ĸѨĻĽײţͬʱһͷ¿ſĸѨڵһĴ󼦰ͶģһһһһһٶҲԽ졣
ĸѨˮʹ󼦰ͣġ̡̡ܲม󼦰͡ม졭ɡĸһ㰡ɡĸĺø硭ɲĸԡมø硭šĸСѨˬˡ̫ˬˡһһֱԼִļĸƬʺнӣһĴ󼦰ɽĸСѨĻʱӹĥ£Ȼ͵ĳһ룬üѨĥĥٺݺݵĲɽȥ
มԡมˬ󼦰͸ɵҺˬ׸ļͺô󡭡ɵĸˡĴ󼦰ͺɵĲĸɧѨڻˡһˡˬĸˡһᣬһֻҪһĴ󼦰ĸѨһͻײʱţĸɧѨͻŤסһļͣҲֻǯסԣͣ䶯һļӹ˱ȥǿҵĿиһͣײšһνĸ˸߳ԺһڴϴڴڵĴŴ
ҵ򳤾ΨĻ˴۾ǣ򳤵ѡǱˣȴһǸ˴۾ǣһȻĴְˣΪһ֪Լĵ򳤵ĻǾζţԼҪӦڹٳϵЩˣԼƱûʱ;ȥԼŮǡ
һȻûе򳤣ȴɽΪʲôҶ֪ģΪɽŮʵ̫ˣһҪԼ֮ȥޣȥЩŮ˵ģȻһһĩȡһţȴ鲼ɽĸҵ

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