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1
ˣҲˡ
ֻңûиףΪ̵أ

øʲôأпǹ
ڡ뵽ˣ
ûʲôİɣ
ʲôõ׸
Ҫҵд͸㣡
ܴô˵㶼Ǹ˲̡ҵ⣬°ɣ
գҽ
ҵдͬһֲ۴
ҡҪˣ
ǣһΪ۾Ϊ㿴δģ
ۺʹô£
Ҳôô֪
У֪һ꾪ɲ
䣡
ǸҪ˫۵ʱһʶͻȻǳϣǸ˲ͱʶעһڰ֮У
ҾȻûһԽˣ괩Խ뵽Уѿռˣ
ڵٴʱбֵû۾ȣӦĿǰ
ԣռݣǸںˣҾǿǰԼѾˣҲҪˣԺҾľˣ
һ޷ȷϵԭһִ˵꣬ԽӰУǿڵõд۵ʱ򣬸ںϣΪһȫµĿң֪ӰĿ
ԺںϺļһ֮󣬿˫ۣİĸоİ۵ҰΪֲǲд۵ԭ򣬿Ķǰǿ˼Ұ·ʲôܲץסһ
һУмǾϲʹдۣǽǲģ
ſſһŮɴһҫ˫ͫǵĿ۵лйĪӿ
û°ɣûиеʣ
۾϶ſʳеĵζ¶ĻҪǿң
Ȼϲġ
򣡲 ϲҲŶԣ
յеһ

ֻǵӦһæԱߣұߵȫʯѹǲ۱ţѪǱǲѪȾ˺ɫ

ǲĲ״ֻоһϣĵѹںӿ֣ҪһʼѡյĻͲǲˣ
ǲĲ״˫۱𽥳ԭȺд۸ɢѪɱ⣡
ңȳȥɱṆ̀㱨𣡡
һ¿վĶű۾ǲ˵еɱⲻǶǲģǶ̣
ǲջش𣬿һߵ棬Ӱͷϣ
׶ݡǧ񣡡
ߴߴߴߴ
αϵͬʱͬʱӡ۳ǧסǵʯȥ
䣡
һ¡죬ѿǸסʯ㣬ʱͱ鿪ըϾ;˻̣
ѲСȻû
վ򿨿ü˫۳ɱĿʱҲûжоֻǿۣеΣյϢ
ô£Сողһˣ
ɺһͲϣֻһСˣ
̣ȥ
̣һӰǱһԾ£Ӷϣ
ﬣ
ͬʱĸľҶսɲǼͱ˫֣Ӱ̵ͷ̾ն£
꣡
ɢźâĵи£ٶȿ쵽и쳹
ߣ
ĹЦһߣеѶ̵񵲣һӾͷס˿µĹ·ߣ
ಣ
飡
𣬿еĵն̵˫ϣһȻѿˣ˫˲͵һȻˣ
ȥɣ
ĵϿ̱ǳѪĹһЦ˫жصĿ̶ֱϣѪɱⲢûΪСͼ٣
Ŷԣ
һߣ̵Ĺûһ˿ţж˵еĵ˫ֿٵĽӡӡ˲ɣְ棡
׶ݡǧ񣡡
ߴߴߴߴ
ǧٴ쳹ҫ۵âҲڿۣûüǧʽɣͰеǧ̺ȥдת£ʱ˫еĹѾ뿨׵ľˣ
ǧ񹥻ܸܲԭһأ


2
ߴߴߴߴ
ͣ
ͣ
ҫ۵â˲䣬ǧ̵˫пŵͬʱ𣬹ȵѪ䣬ԶԷѪϣ
ôܡ
̲ŵһ˫еʿʼɢû뵽ԼһСϣ
Ȼˣ
ǿؿڴʹһѾͰƿ̵ʬһڵϣ˫ȴǲڿϣѪϵĴ˿ڴ£
Ϊںϵԭ򣬵ϲ㣬ȻͲˣ
ʹŰϵѶа˳а
ô죿̵ԮϾ͵ˣڵӸͳŲʦϵˣ
о뵽ľ飬Ͼͽ»һɱԭĿû˵¸պ֧ŵˮŸϵȴˣһѾԭ˹켣ˣ
Уһ˿ңҲûз
ಣ
󿨿뿪صʯϣ
ˣ
һ棬վͿˣϵƣϾһ

ˣǲҲǵͺһ
Ҫգϰҽ£һӵ˸Ϲˣ
һԾյ٣ɫص˵

ı飬ϰеĵ濨
İɣƴҲᱣյģ
۽ǼǲƺлҪ˵֪ǲҪĻյİΣϳ˵˾Ȼ
ССˡһҪȥ
ǲ죬ƺл˵û˵ֻǸ߿ҪСģȥҪģ
ȿȡ
˵ǲѪԶʮֵˣʱɥʧ֪һѾ˱״̬ˣ

ǲӣղɱһ˫ۿƲסĵ
Сˣˣ
ûеıĵ૳ѾĶˣ һ12ˣ
˾棬һ𹥻
ſ洫һϸ΢ˣƺں
ɶ񣬹Ȼû취ӣ
Կа밴಻ȵģһʱһ㣡ˮźܿͻϵֻĵ˶ǾӢϾͷʯ棡
ߡ
ʱǲҲڿȻֿҪʱǲĸ֪Ҳ쳣
ݡתƣ
ݡתƣ
żͺһһͬʩչݹѵ쳹涼΢΢

Ծնʱһ濨ҽƵ˫ֶֹͣʩչҽ
ߣ
ΣûκεĳɣһӾͰոڻУһԾӰǿٵ뿪
䣡
ڿԾɲǣ̵ݹǺʯϣ¡¡쳹ţԭͲȶʯѣʱȫȥǲΣɲǼͱʯûˣ


뿪Ŀշǲ񣬶бһ
ಣ
ֻǿ֪ڵΣգûйͣԾ뵽ԱߵУֻǿˣֻǱս֮󣬾Ͳòһͣ
գ죬ҽһ£
Ķͷ亹ܲɫҲ԰׵Ŀ£ϵʮֵأȫǿ־֧ţȻ͵ȥˣ
ܵȥȻˣҲиˣ
кݺݵĶԼ˵ҧһԼ⣬ԼԵ£
ʦܿͻϵֻҪӵʦϵˣ
˼άٵתҪôסʱ䣡

ע⵽ϵѪΪֹͣƵԭٴĻһٵó濨ϵ˿ڰһ߰˿ڣյ˫ҲѹĲᣡһʹǲȥһʹϵƣ
գϲ㣬ǳϲ㣡
ԲôҶᱣģ
յӣʱȴͬԭһ˸ж˵գΪǲԭµϻһлԭĿʶ˼룡
ҡ֪
ҵ⿨㡭
һţֻеؿڳƲѣѹúһɲΪǲԭ򣬴Ӷ¿ӴԺ󲻻ȥϲȻʱԣջҪԿ⣡


3
ҡ
Ǹһ㲻˵
յıףǸԭһľܾյıס
Ļʱ޴յĿһյ˫ͫΪ֮һҫʹ֮ǰΪ˵ˣ

ձûʱˣ̧ͷɲǣϷǱʮ̰Χˣɵþ
ȻΧˣ
̧ͷ̣ܵҲǵһҲԽӵͳȻ˵İΧûз֣Ѿǳˣ
ҪҲҪҵĻʱ׼ܣ
ջĿ̣ܵеյ
꣡
ſ˫ֱǿٵĽӡ
ߴߴߴߴ
ǧٴδӿ׹ҫǧٴڿϣ
״̬£ȻҪսȥǸ˺󷽵߰
̵ĴͷĿſʩչǧвɾһеǧҲеԾеľ漴ǻЦǿôֻһСˣһǶһˣ
Զľͱˣһ۾ͿֻǸҽߣûʲôս
˭˭Ҳϼ汳ģ
е̣˵۳ǧֻӵзûд㼱Ŷ֣ʱҪ
һ˵ţˮŽǰƵĿҲϣ
ܵдžȻһƴҲҪϵ˵ɱ⣬ʮ̵ζǲ΢΢һȻ嵽ˣſеǧǾ֪ܹ
СȰ㻹ǹԹԵͶɣǻŹһ
ͷĿҫһ£ſ˵ҪټͬϷˣҿֻǸСˣҲ鲢ûô;ȻֻҪһ˿ŵϣԷƣԶԷϵƣֻҪһһ˾ɱ˶Է
ĬԷĻûгǱֳĬԷһ˼̬
ߴߴߴߴ
һʱֻпеǧڲϵķߴߴͬʱɢҫ۵â
Ǻǣɹˣ
İЦһֻҪԼ뻹סӵʱ䣡
ֻǿԼûз֣΢΢һ̣ԵģɲģΪֵĹϵȴǸպñͷĿץˣ
ʱ䣡
ϣɱǣ
˲׿ĿĵͷĿʱŭȳе
գߣ
ͷĿĻԭװƽɫʱޱ䣬϶յͺȵǰһƵĿе̣
ƴˣ
кݺݵĵҲֻ֪ƴˣ֪ˮŻҲĴи֣Ȼʮ̵ĹûȲˮŸϵ϶Ѿˣ

ŰԼĿ˫۳ˮһ֮ǰǲѡһѾټƽˣеٴγ֣
ಣ
ȴóޣವһվڿ࣡
ҪĻһһģ
յڿȴǳ˾Ȼ֮ɫĶΪ֮һ
ôõŮոôܾĸ׵ģԴˣ
𽥲ԭĿĿвɰһ
ͣ
˲䣬Ͳȥôˣ̵ĹѾǰˣ
ݡ֮
ȹͷĿһſ¶ϣ
ȥ
ֻͷĿĻݣȴǵͺһеǧֱӶͷĿĻȥ
ߴߴߴߴͣ
ǧͷĿոĻ򣬾ֱӱϵʴ𣬿еǧԿֲٶȣᴩ򣬶𾪵ͷĿȥ
ôܡ
ͷĿ֮ǰ;ڿеǧˣû뵽С˿ǧû뵽ôǿ˵ף̻ΪһСǿҲǿȥӿˣ

ߴߴߴߴͣ
г֮ɫľһȻֹˣסֱᴩ໹һǧˣ̵Ѫڿϣ

ڿɱͷĿʱյľȴڿĶȻɱͷĿȴǶſȥˣ
ʱĿȴûзӦһ
嶯ˣҲĹˣ


4
ڼ䣬񣬿ʻղأͣƱҿ˳ղأʻҲæϣ
һҲˡ
ʶҲʼģˣɶ񡭡
ľѣ ˣɱͷĿѾļˣ
ˣʦûϵ
Ĳ޾૵˲ʣ
ҲĵĲÿָһ˿ȫǿ嶯̵Ĺ֮ǰһƿͷĿʬ壬أ
ݡ֮
ڿŻصϵʱһȴǿ׼ʱһݶſˣѾûˣ

ۼҪУյ˫ͫ˲󣬾һСĽһӾ͵˿

״ɾŭ֣޷ܣǲոˣҪΪɱֻе۵дһǿҵĴʹǰһھͻԹȥˣ
ԼûֵǣԵǰһɲǣдеĺɫ񣬶һţ״ֻ̬ſĻԣǿŸոոֵĺɫ񣬾ٴȥˣ
˫۵ɲǣ֪Լû϶ǲˮϵԼˣ
ʦأ
ûȥԺĴӰ˵ĸףˮŵӣæŲˮſʴ𣡺ҲΪ֮һ٣õϢôõŮôΪɥҲûȥЩ̵³֪Ѿȫˮɱˣ
ʱĿѾԭĿռʶˣ
ڿǰĲˮţ˧۹꣬ʻһ

ôˣ
еʵ
Ǹ˿Ϊˡ
ˮŵĻ˫ͫʱһŷ֣ԭҪΪס󹥻ɲǣԼϲˣ
Żᵼ´սҲˣ
û
ˮźĻıʱת䣬Ͼϲ˵ҿ£ŷվԼֻ࣬Լһֱûע⵽
ڿУվţȴԵò԰ףü仹һ˿ʹÿ΢΢һ
Ҹϵʱˣ廤סѾԹȥ㣬ʦ˵֮ոԼҽƺһֱԵڣͬʱҲľˣ
ǶǴӵӢۣ
ʱ򣬲ˮŵڿĶ˵һЩοĻ
ǣʦ
شȴûжĻϲǲǴӵӢ۶ڵĿ˵ûжĸоֻյİȻ
˵֮󣬿ǾĿŻԵգԺпʼٵ˼
ųĬĿˮҲֻΪڴУûж룬ֻº͵ĿһۿˣתtľҶķͬ˼У


5
ڼ䣬񣬿ʻղأͣƱҿ˳ղأʻҲæϣ
ԭд۵ԭ򣬲ҵĲôģ
Դӵõд֮󣬿һֱûʱͣúԼļ䣬ʱŷ֣ԭӵд۵ÿʱÿ̶Ĳ
ľһӵͨĲָٶȣҲֻǿάд۵İˣԭд۲ʲôöģ
ô죬ѵҪдۣ
ĿյĿѡ֮Уѡд۵Ļ̵ָܹͨĲˮƽľһʣϸ׵ĵţԼܳԽľҶҲ̵ģ
ѡд۵ĻĲͻÿʱÿ̵ıţƽʱֻͨסдۼģָֻһǿͲܼ̳ˣΪľҶĵֹǵĵô򵥣ͬǳĲֻľһʣʩչ
ѡд۵Ļ͵ڷľһʣԺֻдɾԼֻѡд۵ĻҲиƣԼԴǧҲܱøǿԿ˵Ҳ߱ǿջԣ
ΪǧûȱݣǶʩߵȴкǿҪȱݣд۵Ļֲ㣡ǧȱݣԺǿзǿ
˭Լ쳹̽ģҲ⣡ΪںĿϲ
ѵѡһʱԥ֮С֪ԭ϶ΪҪǲ۾һȥԭѡд۵ģʶ˼ѾԭĿͬǲ£

ʱ򣬲ˮŵȴٴڿ𣬿Բתͷ򲨷ˮţֲˮֻǱ˵ǲtľҶķ
ʦʲô£
ɻһѵԼԭĿ˲ɣ
ӦҲ˰ɣд۶ģ
д۱ϾǲһѪ޽磬㲻ǲһˣûа취ɵĿƣֻһֱǿ״̬ǲһˣҲĲѣд۶˵Ǹ׸
ʦ֪ѾԥǲҪдˣôѡʦԣʦֻ֪
ʵȻҪǴͬԸȥҲǳҪ
ˮŵĶſ˵֪ҪǰĿĻ϶ѡд۵ģ׸һĶԿ˵ûκ壬ֻھǲˮſӦѾڵˣյѾ֪ıˣ
ˮŵĻ˫ͫ΢΢һҪѡд۵ĻȻ𲨷ˮŵĻɵģ
ʦҪŴ۾ȥΪҵԭģһǷһȥģ
ûκԥűǶŲˮ˵
֮󣬿Ҳһɣʵ˵ףҲ ϣд۵ģǲԭ򣬶Ϊд㹻˧ҲǣֻҪԺܹͲдۣҲ㹻ǿˣ
ȻľҶĵҲû취Ժûа취Ҫľû취رдֻۣҪһĻһжҶˣӵед۾Ͳ׸ǿı
ͬʱѡдۣҲһҪľĵ̽ɢʣ
ãõд£شʱҪ֪ʦӰ˵֮˵
ˮԲתͷº͵۹Цݶſ˵ϣĵҪĲʵǿ󣬶ѧػģ񿨿ѧػǲ۾
֪ˣʦ
Եͷ˵ҲΪ֮ͨжľҶ˽⣬ŷ֣ҪĵӵдۣҲһ򵥵飡
ԭĿֻ֪֪ҪԵģǿƵǲһ壡ǾԲǲһѪ޽˵еģ


6
ֱڶϣղ˹յȻأѾˣʱҲָжˡ
ţڲˮŵĴӸ˻ȥˣߴսʤϢҪϽľҶ֪ͬʱȥĻǲĹǻң
ڿ۾Ҳԭһ߻бͷϣסԴд۶Բģ
һ·ϣû˵һֱֳĬŬĶȡԭĿļ䣡
ԭļУ˽ľҶ
£ľҶڽ۹ɽսȡʤս¼о֣ľҶ
еһڿõд֮ǰ뿪ģڶ40дֻʩչһӡͻ۳еȣͬʱֿдӵдۣΪѡĴӰʧܺӵĻͲ᲻֪д۵ԭ
̸֮뿪ľҶϢܿͱ֪Խžͱ˸̵ս񿨿֮սʤض̵ĺԮ·ߣҲ˸̵սľҶҲյʤ
̽սҲ
ǾβϮʱ䣬ڴ֮ǰһҪҵֲУ
аһдҪɵĿƣֻ֮һĸˣ
УҲҪϤУβϮ¼󣬾ľҶ̿սĿʼʱҿ϶ǰսߵģԲ棡
ʶתƣԭĿʶԽԽգֻǳһּ䣬ǱˣҲ˵ʵǿûϵˣ
ãЩдΪڣҲʲô˷ҲԭĿˣ
ҪģǳſԭʶոںϣѿսתԼģȻģ
ռ˿壬ܹҲҪԭеУ
ܿ͸ԼһĿ꣡
һʱ󣬿ŲˮűǸϻľҶ
գ˻ûȫãʦȴ㵽ľҶҽԺƣ
˴Ӻ󣬲ˮűǶ˵ִյļϣ
ʦ£ʦ´һȥӰˣ
ͷ˵һ֮󣬲ˮŴֱӾʩչ˲ֻת۵Ĺ򣬾ٴγڿǰˣգѾľҶҽԺˣ֮ǰҲֻܰԼԵҽ£ЩƻҪҽԺƲУ
ƣҲҪľҶҽԺƵģֻڲˮҪѿõд۵ӰȴȥӰУԽԽã
Ųˮִͬڿļϣʩչ˲
ֻеǰľһ䣬ѾӰ¥ǰˣָŲˮŽ뵽Ӱ¥У
ܿģ͸ŲˮӰ칫У˴˵еӰͬʱڳĻϹʣ׸СҲڣ
ˮţˣսɹˣ
ˮŽӰϸֳϲɫŲˮʵˮŸĳ֣֪ˮŵӦˣǾʹŸ̵սʤˣϲҲУ
׸СҲǣˮŻ¶ϲɫڴĿŲˮţ
ǵģӰˣǳɹ˴˴񣬴ݻţض̵ĺԮ·ߣ
ӰʻˮŲҵæ˵
ã
ˮŵĻӰ̲סһЦվ
̫ˣ
һսʤ˵ˣ
׸СҲ˷ܵվ͵ĿŲˮţܹһСѵҲֻаѲˮܹˣ
ˮţˣոǲأҲȻɣ
ӰæŲˮʵӰȻһˣˣӰ˲õԤУ
Ӱˣû£ֻǴΪľҶˣûܼʱϵ
ӰĻˮϻشһ˸УȻͼͬˣǵӵˮŸеǳѹ
ŲˮҲûκԼսϵս仹о˵˳ǲǰд͸龭Ҳһ˵˳
ʲô
ֲǲдۡ
ôԣǲ𸻾Բġ
һҪǲдۻǲһС
ӰԻڳĬУ׸С˾Ѿˣ


7
ڼ䣬񣬿ʻղأͣƱҿ˳ղأʻҲæϣ
׸СһӾ뵽˿ӵǲһд۽鷳
׸СλʵĻˮŵɫ΢΢һ䣡
ֻпɫ䣬ֻǰĴӰʣ֪󶼻д۵ģôʱ˲ˮ֮⣬Ӱ϶ҲϿӵд۵ģԲż
ڿеӰʱ鿪ʼᣬһεϣһƽ׽ˣ
ǲ͸ĶǲľҶӢۣǲΥߵԸ
ʱӰˣûи׺С뵽õķȣȿǵߵԸ
Ϸ㣡ǲдۣ뻹ǲ壬ǡ
Ӱתͷſʵ
ӰˣҪػŴ۾һȥ
Ӱ˵̧꣬ͷüӰش
ĻشӰϸЦ⡣
У
㻹ֻǸСˣʲô
Сɫ΢䣬ӰֻͬоԼ汻ɨˣĶſ˵
ѾľҶˣСˣ
ֻСĻû˵꣬ͱĴˣ̵С
㡭
ɣ˵̫ˣʺΪ̣֪泤˼ˣ
Сͨ죬û뵽ײĻ˵
ѾӰ˼ˣûٶ˵ʲôСĻҲǷǳͬģ׽űǵ˵һ
̫Ϊ̻Ļҿջؿ̵ˣûڴӹ
״ˣСˡ
׸СλʶˮŲɼæ֪ӵǲһдۣͬʱλ˲˶ʼˣԲŻˣ
˵ˣȷӵ̵ʵջصģ
дֻۣҪܹӦй¶д۵ܾˣҸǲ˵
׸С˵Ӳ΢΢üæ˵նʮҪо϶ˣ
СӰ˵ˣֻñ죬վһ߲˵ˣֻ˵ıľʣ
һ߼״вЦȴǲһ飬ȻĻı˸Ǻˣ
ˮţھȥǲ峤ǲ𸻹
ӰǶŲˮ˵
ǣӰˣ
ˮϴЦӦһϾ˲뿪ˣӰͬӵд۵ĻˮŸеɶˣ
ಣ
Ϸ򿴿дۣ
ˮ뿪ӰŶſ˵дһֱţûأ
ǣӰˣ
ӦǰѶͷϵĻ¶۵дʱ䣬ٴθоĲļӿˣ
˫дۡ
дۡ
۵дۣ׸С˫ͫ΢΢һһȻѾ֪ˣǲһ۾ֲܹǸе𺳣۵е֮ɫŨֻȴǲҰǲһģ
Ǻǣֻдۺʺأ
ӰȻҲ΢һ£űЦŶԿһ֮ɫûУеֻǿοЦ⣡
ȷʵͦ˧ģ
ôӦǲɣ
Сеۣ漴˵ȻӰѾˣǵȻ֧ӰˣѾô˵ǲˣ
ಣ
ţˮŵӰѾصӰ칫ˣ
Ӱˣǲ峤ѾˣϾ͵


8
ڼ䣬񣬿ʻղأͣƱҿ˳ղأʻҲæϣ
ڲˮŻֻ֮һʱ䣬ǲӰ칫ˣ
Ӱˣ֪Žʲô飿
ǲӰ뵽Ӱ칫Һ󣬱ǿӰֱӿʵϴɻı飬ʱӰӦûǲŶԣ
ǲһͿԷˣĻиӵᣬӵƱˣǿǿǲϸ֪ģ
оĿ⣬ǲƺиоһϤѪ̵ĸоϻͷ򿨿˫ͫʱ΢΢һ䣡
дۡ
İСȻҰǲһдۣ
ǲһŭݵĵͺȳ˫˲ʹдۣβ˼ıǶſϣԲǲһд۳˵ϣ
ͣ
ɲǼ䣬ǲӰ۽ǰ
ǲͻȻѣӰɫǲ΢䣡
˫ͫһԵıǰѱĵҪֵǲĹ
ã
һѵǰоǾһеĵֻеˣڸֵ̽ʱˣ
ͣ
ֻĿǲ˫ֳſ޶̶ֱ£ԭ˻ûõҪǱˣ군ˣ
˲
Ҫʱ̣ǲˮһ˲˿ǰ˫ͬʱץסǲ˫֣ǲĹ
峤˵õдԭģ
סŭǲ֮󣬲ˮ϶˵
ߣҲʲôԭ򣬷ǲһд۾ǲܳ˵ϣ۾ڳȻǲһͲŹģ
ǲˮסѾ侲ˣˮŵ˫ֺһԻǶݺݵĿ˵˿ǻӰ칫ңӰҲ
ȿȡ
峤㻹˵õд۵ľ˵ɣ
Ӱǲôǿƣüͷ΢΢һ壬ǲ
ǣӰˣ
Ӱڣǲ֪ҪģޱĻصѾˣζҪտдۣӰô˵ͬģ
ֻдۣǴ֮ǰ͸ҵġ
֪˵ʱˣæľٴ˵һ飡
˵ͬʱҲǷǳĲˬģǲ͸ĶˣȻҪǲһίȫС
ü壡
ֻа뵽ҪˣҲǲ𸻼ƽˣܿ쿨Ͱľ˵ˣ
˾Ȼǲһдˣ
꿨˵ǲޱ飬ȴǶǲҪǲվǰĻ϶һȹȥ֪Ϊʲôǲ
ӰˣȻдǴ͸ģд۵ǲһѪ޽磬ǲǲд۵ܸյģǲһǳĲǲֻǸСЩŻӰǿ϶ǲһĿԵģ
ԻӰ˺λʴΪǲ룬ÿд۽ۻˣǲ԰һ
ڿдۣҪϽǲģ
ڰǲͬʱǲҲǿƵĶӰ˵
峤
ǲô˵ҲΪľҶӢۣôΥߵԸ
ǲǿƣС΢΢üǲ˵ȻˣոҲ˵ģ
ڿǲ֮䣬λʸӲϲĻǿƵǲǲ峤رǲһ廹ľҶľӣľҶͬʱʱҲвľҶӣ
ǰ峤㵣ĵ޷ǿй¶ǲһѪ޽ܣӰǾԲй¶д۵ܵģ
ʱҲſº͵Ķǲ˵ֱ
峤ҲԽɫ
ӰĻˮŵ˫һæ͵ͬľҶҲ֮˿ɼ㹻ˣ
⡭
û뵽ӰˮŶǲ΢΢һ㶣üͷɽԥ


9
ڼ䣬񣬿ʻղأͣƱҿ˳ղأʻҲæϣ
УлӰ˵ĵҲУҪ֪ǲ۾ֲǲ϶ܵӵģ
ԥ֮ǲǿڷԵ
ӰԲ,ȴǲ֪ôش,Ϊǲ˵ȫʵ!ǲһȷΣܴ!ҿˣÿ밵ɣ
ӰҲ֪˵ʲôͻȻ˵
ÿ밵ԣһ㱩¶дҲᱩ¶ƽʱʱ¶д۾ûˣ
Ӱ˫һ漴ǲ˵
峤ǼȲΥߵԸҲÿõд۵Ϣй¶ȥûɣ
ǲüͷٴһ壬û뵽ӰȻô֣
ãֻҪӰܹ֤ƽʱԲᱩ¶дۣǲĬ£ͬģϣľҶڲҲҪ
ǲֻһ
ǲҪҲ޿ɺǣһڰеݣľҶҲֻΪǲһģڰиӲ֪ˣ֮ÿԱһ㶼ǲ֪ݵģֻԴΪ
ôҪػͬд۵Ļܲո˵Щ
ԣûлشǲǶſʵֻпͬˣźôӦ
Ӱˣҿ
ϼĻصȴ⣬ԭԭеԼȼ밵ģԼ밵еģ
ҿԿ϶ԭԼġľҶһʦдۿ߿쳹ţǲһ屻֮쳹ģҪǲһûбĻûпܹĴӰгʩչдģ
ԥŵʱԼʵǿĻҪҪǲһ屻ĲҰڴĵͷǲһһգͲܹʩչдۣ
죬ľҶҽԺжȹģ
ʱУ̵սȻϢΪʺԮ·߱Ǵݻ٣̵ʺԮû취ӦֻܱȰˣľҶͶˣһںǰľҶǩƽԼ
ȻΪսܴ壬ҲľҶһ⳥ģ
ľҶ˴ܹսʤ̵ĹؼȫΪˮǵĹͣдս˻߸ľҶ񣬶ԲˮŶԵĸдʹԭĸߵĲˮţľҶеǿ
ɰ̴սȻȺȡʤľҶҲأҲʱԼвľҶѾҪ»ʱڸǩ֮ѡĴӰĿ
ľҶϲ㣬Ͼչ˶ԵĴӰѡɸѡ
Щ飬ҽԺʱͲ֪ˣҲ֪Ϳ쵽˲ˮεĴӰʱˣڴ֮ǰҪμӵȴľҶΪε̽սս߾е¡
֮ҲǿҪ밵ʱˣ
Ǿʱ򣬽սϵҲ˸ʦĸӦþͻص˰ɣ
ڲϵĿڽӵǾʱһڿڲģˣ
ǰþûмҲ˸ʦĸˣ
Ļ΢ЦŸ̾ڲоӵ׽ˣ˵ĻҲǰˣԵĸоˣǰһˣζˣǰĿֻ֪ߵĹأȫ˸˵У
ڵĿֶժˣ
ĸıոеǳĿģӼᶨǿϲģȻϴθױܾˣ׷ģ
ûдֵĿ˧յǲ΢΢죡

뵽ʲôձĶſڵ
գʲô£
Կʵ
ɲ´ְ
յ΢΢ڿϸ΢
ΪʲôѵҵӺѿ𣿡
Բһ㶣չˣӸ˲һǷ˧
ǡ
Ϊ̫̫˧ˡ
æɫͨСе㲻˼˵ˣ


10
ڼ䣬񣬿ʻղأͣƱҿ˳ղأʻҲæϣ
˵֮ǲҿ򿨿Ĳϵļţڱһθ˵ϲˣ
ԲȻһЦյԼϲģ뵽ǰžܾյıףظĿת̫ˣԻǲ˵ȣҵͶСеʱ䣡ڵԼ12꣬Ҳֻ13ˣ
Ҿͼֺˣ
нűǶЦһ˵ţһóִϣ
Խ΢΢һһ󴥶Ȼ˼ҴӦĻǲǣ
һʱ䣬յԴӲɺ˼ȴޱȵģվٴθʱʱȴǱˣ
գðɣ
һһɫٻӰ˿յǰ
ʦĸ
ʦĸ
ӰնǾϲĻǾΣյʦĸ
ȻǸŮȶпҪƯˣҲԸжˣ
޵ĵľΣĲɳһ۲ˮź޸βƯҲһģƤϸ壬ȹ¶ڿѩ׵˫޳Բ룡ֻɨһۿͲҶעӣӲܴˣ
˵ϲŮοǲˮŵӣǾβصһֱŲŵˣɲҴʲô⣡
ȻҴʲô⣬ƽʱһ»ǿԵģּеĿȻҲˣ͵ɧһֲԭлҲˣ
û¾ͺãû뵽Ȼˣ֪ĻҾǰ߶ɱˣ
սʦĸβҸһЦſյǰһ̻Цӯӯģһ̾Ƕݺݵģŷȭ𱬵ĵĿɰ
ڴȻźҲûжĸд̽սϣѾ̫ͬˣ
˵ǲյ˫۶ǲ΢΢һ뵽Ϊдȼ밵Ĳˬѹǲȥˣ
ˣ˵ˣΪͷʦĸȥɣ˵мҸտһǳ 
յӣϰԼһ΢ЦŶſյЦƺйصĸȾյ鶼ת
ðҽԺҲƻˣպÿԳԺˣ
սűЦ
Ի˵ʲôһӲϵҲˣ˵һ棬Ҳ˾񣬲֪տʼŵһ棬ûʮĺóԣ
òԼҲ֪ʮǳԵһʲôζŰЦһ
һУʱһϰˣҲһζȻһ˵ãֱҪŰտڣ
֮󿨿ŸλշֱˣżУľڵĵطأ
˵ľ壬ʵҲһһķӰˣ˿֮⣬ľѾûˣ
ԴӿĸľҶǰɱԺ󣬲ʱ俨ĸҲˣľֻпһˣ
ôķֻһסţҲ̫˷ѣһҲУ
ص￴һ˵ķӣǲɵһǰĿϰ˹¶ϰһˣɲϰߣ뵽յļҲֻʣһˣǲ뵽
ˣҪǿʵסįɣҰѿսתΪԼ˵ҲҪϰд۴ĲʲУ
ſһ
Ǿʱˣ϶ܹܶϤװɣֻʱ򣡡
뵽ԼܶľҶʱӣһڴ


11
ڼ䣬񣬿ʻղأͣƱҿ˳ղأʻҲæϣ
ľҶļǰ棬ۼ˴˿ľҶߣÿ˶Ǿؿż֣
ÿһ֣һΪľҶˣǶľҶӢۣľҶŵˣԶļУһЩرߣǻᱻ̳ɴ˵̵ľҶ
վڼǰģӰסСп֮ǰûмҲŲأȻָڵĿǰĿǼҲģ
˺öľҶԺˣľҶʮСǿĸǣиһİǡ
бȿҪСһģǲǲֹˮ춹ǡ
Щ֮⣬Ҳ˺ܶİףиˮһģҲиһģĻľҶ֪ЩûӡߣľβϮʱҪôڽ̵սˣ
ȽĿľǰǲǲֹˮˣߣǲǿֲպպߣ
ܿͽˣе˶뿪ҲҪȥˣȴǸסˣ
ҪսҪ֤ͨͨŬҲǿԴŵģ
ס֮󣬱ǳĶſڳһҪֵӣСսƣֻǴʱİûдϺɫ˶ûôüëһŨ
һҪȥأûʱд裡
ųսİɵ˵дһȤûУڰʵԶûкǿ󣬾ֻҲǿĶ֣
Ҫ밵𡭡
ĻŴ;ȵ
ûϵֻҪһҾͰˣɣ
ŰһľȵıĶſ
ಣ
˵֮󣬰ҲӦĻᣬǶſϣǿȶſĲɨϣ
ǿԵд˺òã
׵ıǳֹüͷһаһҸо̫ˣ
ֻǺ˰벽ͱܹ˰Ĺǿľʱʹǰɨ
ÿ죡
㿪ͬʱȴǲɰһٶҪ֮ǰսʱǿˣʱ䰢Ҳ˺ܴĽٶ棬ѾʼˣӵĻ԰ûκˣ
ǿ
УľҶ磡
ɵܿǿĹжʱһһľҶſȥ
ಣ
飡
ֻڰٴι£ӰܲһһӾͱˣűеĿһһľ׮

ã
ԭԼڵĳɹһο˷ܵİԼԼϾһ
ؼǧɱ
ţڿֻ˫ֺϲţǧɱŰľűͱȥ
ô޳ܵǿȱдİͻȻԭпľǧɱԾͶŰʩչ˳
Ȼ֪ԭǧɱʽεģԼȴָǧʽһǿȥɱȻǿȴھſڱ룬ܹ˵ֱʹȫÿϸ˶ʱʹ
飡
ֻһ£ڿǧɱ֮£ݺݵĺɳȥ

Ҿ徵Ĳҽڱɵİ쳹ҽеһ춯صĲңԶɰѵɱôˣ
´ӦþͲս˰ɡ
űɳȥİаһ漴תᰢľҶķȥ
Ҳ֪Լܹô׵ĻаȫΪսûԼǿٹʱ䣬ĳɳȫӳԼƣԼҪսʤûôˣ
УôҲֻܸҰ޸׷ϣ밵һһҪҵֲУ
Ȼɵľʹ˰ֻҪһ뵽Լսᱻ֮ϣǸеѹӼҵֽдľģ
֪Խҵֽд۵⣬Խûϣˣֻгд۸ոֲûϣ


12
ڼ䣬񣬿ʻղأͣƱҿ˳ղأʻҲæϣ
ţ
Ӱ¥һڵʱһ·Źߵİ˲ǳ˿ǰҪӰȸǰܲڵĻǾԲ뵽ģ
ڴʱĿѾǻ˰·ˣͬŰߣԳڿǰİŻԿʵ
ãǽģûдţǡľҶ񡯣
ǰİæ˵⣡˵ȷĵĿ
ȥɣһֱߵͷתٵͷˣӰӦøöӳˣ㵽ܼˣ
ȷ˵ЦŶԿһʧˣԷҲû취ĵط
ĳԱȻȫͨ䰡
вɰһ٣Ҫյģ
Ӱͷҵİӳ֪ʵǿǿ
УҲ֪ʲôʱҾͻᱻŲƹܵġУ
һ·룬бǰ뵽Ϊ һֱӰһ־ŲشġԭǴӡгģΪԭеĿŲص£
뵽ǲŲΪľҶһȴòͬìߣ˵ԭŲΣҲŲһøжûУΪʲôΪŲϵϢ
οŲػǺľҶҪԼռԭ壬Ͳܴ˼ɱЧˣ
ȻԭڰʱŲЧģҲΪԭпȫ֪ŲؾǺľҶҪ
ԭпӰгǸųһܾΪڰʱ䳤ˣ˽ŲصΪˣӶ²⵽ŲؾǱľҶҪԲŶŲгɼģ
Լ밵ֻΪ˶ʵģûҪŲǸϼһЧлʦ˵ҽɣ
ȷĶ֪˵ڰԭľҶǾˣʱûʵʵʱٿǰɣ
ſ˵ģܿ͵˵صˣϼһıӰˣͬİװ ȷǶԷķɫȻһɫģͬһ̫
гĳԱһѵģ
ǡĶӳ
֪ĵǲתͬʱȻһĴ߿ԷӣǿǴӶԷϸеһɱϢǿ
ǣӳ
æӦġʵԱǿ
ΪǲԱҪ׵һǣθҫȫڻӰ˵ģӰˣľҶľҶвĵˣЩΪְ𣡡
ľҶ֮ڵǿ󣬾벻ǰĹȻΪûа취֪ΪľҶİӵӰӣӵӢۣǴӱزٵĴڡ
šǼڿ𣬡Կ˰ˣǶÿһİԱҪ̵İɣ
ЩҲ˿ûбƣΪӢʲôùٵģ˶û֪ҪĿ쳹̽磡
Сʱ֮󣬡Űѻ˵ꡣ
˿˵ˣõģЩҪԭĿĻ϶ƲˣǣͰѡո˵ĶɷƨˣҪǡ֪ʲôĻ֪᲻Ѫ
ӽԺڰҪǰˣԺĴžͽСǡɣ
ŸȡһţǡȻ֪ԭпڰеĴǲĿڰеĴžǡǡˣ
ȻڡһѰνˬڡǡĴţǷǳģ
ҴȥϤ°ܲȻ̵ΪҪ似ɣ


13
ڼ䣬񣬿ʻղأͣƱҿ˳ղأʻҲæϣ
߳似ɣĲҪɹѡõصǱҪעϢ䣡
ϾḻĵзߵĻһҪضܹ˷ĴڣһҪѧҪУ
Ȼص֮⣬кܶҪעصĵط
ſϤ˰֮󣬡ǿʼڿļɣûᷳϸİΪҪѧϰļɶ̵˿
ǡúøɣѧϰôˣ쿪ʼҪִˣ
ƵĿļһҲȿл뿪ˣø˵ģ˵ˣִֻʱͨʵˣ
ô
ߺ󣬿һһ˵ЩҪҪԸԭˣϸڷģǲ⣬סˣִʱܹãҪص㣡
ڰܲϰУܿͿʼѧϰôƺԼˣԴﵽЧױ˲
ܿ쿨ͷ֣ʵǲģĶ౾ԸͣҪΣңܹһֱ侲ĳҪǿȻ;ֵĻŹ֣
Ҷܹˣڲдÿʱÿ̶ҵĲҪƺòĲô򵥣
һһ֮󣬿ܿѧ˿ˣ֪ԭϿ츳ѧܼ򵥣ҪǿִʱܲѣڲͲòˣ
һСʱʱ䣬ҲûܺܺõĿסĲĶʼ
ô죿дһֱĲû취
ѾʼΪӵд۵û취ƺòĲˣ
ԣԭĿܹ;Կģڷ̫ˣ
ſбǷȻ֪ԭԼĿģôͲټˣǲϵĳţôڲϱдĵºܺõĿסĲ
ȫƽ󣬻ǻ˰ʱ䣬ѧд۲Ĳ¿ƺòĲ
ոBģɹˣ
ڳɹѧƺòĲɵһȴһãԼȻ֮
ؼң˯쿪ʼҪʼԼİˣ
󿨿ƣ뿪˰ܲһĵط»ôźȥһιӺͻؼˣ
ص֮󣬿ȴû˯ǵԺпʼϰ｣ͶӵȣҪԭĿһս鶼תΪԼģҪΨв ϰԭйЩսʽļ䣬޿ʼϰҪˣ
ϰϰϰҲ֪Լϰ˶೤ʱ䣬ֱڵĲʣһ˿ʱ򣬿žƣֹͣϰ

ۡ
ֱԼҵԺ棬ϵĴϢţԼողͣϰЩԭĿʩɺʩչѾʼԼˣԭȡ˴ȡ˴սһֻҪ΢ϰɵˣ
ڲûбҪˣڿ֮ǰѾѲе̵ĳ̶ˣڵĲȫгˣҲû취ͨӵˣֻͨʱţĳɳ΢ɳˣ
12ܰϸڵĲȫɣҲʷϽˣ
Ҳ۵ùǺˣдһֱĲʼǸ⣡ճʲôĶӰ죬ЩֻܿԼӦˣ
󿨿Լ֪Լôص˯ŵģֱڶ賿㣬תѹ
Ҫʼİˣ֮ǰҪȥѵУ
ľҵĵҿɲܸԭһķˣ
һٱˢϴ֮󣬿һľҶмȥͬʱԺУľ嵶һϢ


14
ڼ䣬񣬿ʻղأͣƱҿ˳ղأʻҲæϣ
ͨԭļ䣬֪ԭľһҴĵʢ̽ĵֻУ
ľһ֮Ϊľ
а˷ɨӡСն̣ľһĵȴֻעСն̣׼ݣ
ľΪʽΪ˲С
һʽ˲СΣ˲СĶΣ˲С˶Σһʽһʽǿ
ľնΪʽΪն
һʽεննǰһʽΪεնݵ˵̬˲鵶նϡһʽǿԾ
ľԴΪʽΪ׷
ֻһʽ׷һ̷һ̴ģĸľҶԴģ
ľͨĵͬҪͨǿĲʩչģǰȽףһѣȴĲ
ľԱʣǰҲֻʩչȻ͵ÿʻָܼɵʱĲ٣ľһʣʮҲĹľҶսϳɾ޵еĴ˵
ȻľҲǿԲͨĲطʩչģһľֻһ̵ɱˣڿ˵Ҫд۵ⲻܽĻľƿдǿ
ԭԼ밵ڼ仹õģڿܾΪԭľҵĵ˰ɣ
а̾ΪԭĿеΪػǲµдۣ̫ˣд۽ͲҲɾ˸ǿĿʧ֮Ҳ˵ˣ
ľҶк󣬿ܿҵ̾ߵڣ˰ѷƵձ֮󣬿򰵲ܲȥ
µ֣ҲĵļӵһƵˣȻĲƵҲˣһģֻǵʲͬľҶǰѶУֽ׶θͲʺϿοѾˣ
ֻѧľеĴ̾׷ֶвܸõķӳ׷ͻûѧᣬֶʩչǰľͲˣŻڸ̵սаľҶĵٵˣ
ǰѶиľҶڡ׷֮Ϊ˸õ֡׷ģֻʺʩչ׷ʺʩչն˲С
ǡļûУ
뵽֮ܲ󣬿ܿͼԼķֶӶӳˣϿڶſѯʵ
Ѿˣӳ
ϻش
Ǻãھܱҷ֣
Զſ˵ͬʱתαſ
Ҫ𣿺ߣ
вһӰԭһȻıʧˣ
һӣӣ֮վԭصġſڳ
ܺãѾͨˣɣ
дŵľ棬Ȼڿһ䳬ҲûеȣҪ֪ԱȻҲҪǵһǰûܳӵʱͻ¶ֵģ
Ѿ˿Ӧò󣬱Ϊӵʱ俨ͻᱩ¶λõģ֪ô㣡ȵͬʱҲǷǳϲģԱн츳ڵĶѣǵķֶ˵Ȼˣ
ಣ
ڡĻ֮󣬿Ӱ³ڡǰ
ɣҸСӵԱϳɻӰ˽ǵ񣡡
ųֵĿ΢Ц
СӿΨһöΪŵİСӣ¼ߡȮҪСĵ㣬ǿܻʱֿģѾͨҵϿˣҪͨߡȮĿУ
Ǹ˵ǰСԱĴţ˳¿
֪ˣӳҪȥʲô񣿡
Եͷ漴ĶšʵжڡߡȮԱȴǲôϣԼʵ㹻ţ
ͲҪˣʱֻҪɺҽˣ
ʻϵĿ˵ͬʱ򰵲ܲȥ
Ҳ֪Լ˲ʵģвˬĵһæϡ
ԼСӵԱߡȮнҪִеĵ񣬿Ҳڴ


15
ڼ䣬񣬿ʻղأͣƱҿ˳ղأʻҲæϣ
ʲôø͵һ
š˰ܲһ·ȥвɰĵڴи·ҪǱгȥģôҲô߷֣͸͵û
ǹĺðڷݶϸ·һƬǾĿ⣡
ڿıУšܿͳ˴ˣ
ಣ
ھһ·ڵʱӰȻĴԱߴ˳
˭
Ӱնʱ򣬿ķֶˣӰûǰѾӱγˣ
˵֮󣬿΢˾裬ΪֵӰҲǴľҶװģ
ӳ
ӳ
ֵ˿һۣǶšڵÿϾ֪ˣǰ϶ԼİСӳԱˣߡȮ˵Ϳֻ࣬һɫһɫ̷˭ǡߡ˭ǡȮͲ֪ˣ
ԼĶԱȻȻľ͸ӷɾ裬еĵ˿ûע⵽˾໥һۣ
ಣ
Ǻ׵Ķſ˹˫ֳſޣһ˶ſŴ̶ϣһڿı󹥻˿·

ͫף˹ϵʱ򣬱Ȼһвɴһĸ֪ɱϴҲ֪ǲԼֶӵĶԱˣڻûӦأȻѾ˾裡

Ҳ˼˾ǵ˻ǷֶӵĳԱҪԼˣڷֲԵͬʱ˫־ѾٵĽӡˣȻû˵ĹķӦٶҲǸǵģ

飡
һӰ˲Ǳһľ׮ˣ

ÿķӦӡٶȡ
İ״ʱ΢΢һ
εն
˾ȵʱ򣬿ȴǶ쳹ֻһߵĿ˲ʩչľһļҴĵڿ˫ְγ˲ֱӶһնϣ˧ֱ˵ԣ
ֻûľʩչľĹ͸ͨİεնһ
Ҳ»ΪʩչľʶݣӼ֪ľҶʩչľһеģǡ׷ǰľֻϰûǰʩչ
Ĺ
Ĺе һ˫ֳſ޾ͰѿĹ
ﬣ
ײҫ۽Ƕʱڿ֮ҫ
꣡
ȾͶſȥֻܻص񵲣
飡
˴Ӱ˳ȥ˫ֶ÷飬Ϊ֮죬ϵĲţ
ǿ
˳ȥĿ𾪵Ŀû뵽ԷȻô󣬺Լ˸
ϧ̫ˣ
ѿ֮ٴεȻԷı飬ӶԷ пֶܷԷԼ
ã
ԶʱŭһʱѾԿ϶ԼֶӵĳԱˣΪڡûг֣еһҲûٳˣ˵ǸûҪɱԼֻΪ̽ʵӦˣ
̽̽ûбҪԼԲŭŹ֣
ͣ
ſǰѵſ˫ֿٵĽӡ
׶ݡǧ񣡡
ߴߴߴߴ
ǧʱڰ쳹ҫ۵׹ͬʱҫ𣬲Էһѵ;̫ίԼˣ
ȻľѵԷǾǧˣ
ʲô
Ȼ۳ʵԵ׵ϡ
ôܡ
ϵǧʱϡɫһ䣬˫͸¶ǿҵ
رӿİеȻȫʧˣ


16
ڼ䣬񣬿ʻղأͣƱҿ˳ղأʻҲæϣ
ȥɣ
ŭĵͺһеǧǶϣֻʣһâӰ˲۽ǰˣҫ۵â̵ǲ忨Ķˣ
 á
оһ֪Լ̫Сλ¼ǷֶӵĿˣǿ ٶȣȻֻæ˫ϵĿȥ񵲿ǧ
ߣ
״һ¶м֮ɫƾôܵסǧ񣬻һҪ͸ݻ٣
ͣ
ߵ˲䣬еǧͺѿˣǿҵ׹ҫֻޱеǧ񲻶ϵʴţ

˫ֿϴ׵ϵĲҽги¶֮ɫѾеѿ޾ҪǧݻˣǵȴֻȥܿĹˣ
ôܡ
׶ݵȻôǿ
ޱȣ񶼿ֻ˫ָſû취ܣֻۿԼеĿޱʴҲһ룬ܿǧľˣ

ֻͬʱϿɲǣȻ¶֮ɫˣлںޣ֪ͲҪŭӶԷˣ
֣ͣ
ؼʱ̣ˣһͳڿֵ࣬ץס˿ǧֻǰϵҫţȴû취ǰ
ͣ
ĳֿͷˣҲûҪɱǰİɡץס֣ϵǧˣ
ǡλǡȮոֻΪ̽㣬ҪϣҲֻȷͬս
šڿÿ֪ǰİǡȮˣɫ̷ģ
ɫģǡߡˣ
ãǡǡߡû뵽ȻôȮԿˣСӵʵ͸ǿˣ
ͬһʱ䣬ߡҲߣſЦе̾ȴģʵѾеϿˣ
ӭǣǡ
ȮʱҲعˣмĿһۡſ˵
Ҹոս밵Ժգ
ԵЦЦֽѵˡȮˣûҪƽȥô˵ԺҶͬˣ
ˣȻѾʶˣǾ͸ϽҪ
ߡȮϿ˿һ㶼⣬ʵæ˵ҪոյһѾ˲һӵʱˣ
ǣӳ
ͬʱӦ
ಣ
˵Ӱǿٵ̴ķȥ
·ϣ˶ϸҽܣҪǽյսʱŶӺ
п˽ӳһóߣǱȽȫߣѹֿԵһֶӵĶӳ
ڡȮ͵ߣǿ㿨ѾˣǷֶӵ֣
ߡóǻݣҲǸ򵥵ߣ
ȻҲԵĽԼó׶ݣдۣû˵ԺҪд۵ʱ˵Ҳ٣˿϶Ҳһ
ſڡĿ˽⵽˴ִеˣȻΪ˽Ӧ̴һǰǩƽԼ̣
Ӱ˵ǰǩƽԼ̻ڰ·ϱ̴ɱ߷⣬ҪǰľҶ̵İȫǰľҶ̴ʱѾ·ϣִܵľҶҪĸϵУ
ȾˣһʱִܵľҶ˰ɣ
ľҶжǿȻȺɰ̴̴壡
ǰľҶ·ϣӰţ϶Ǵ̻ǾǰľҶǩƽԼ̣һ̣ͬ
ߣΪľҶ̫ˣضǵʺԮ·ߣ̲Żʧܵģ´̿϶ľҶģ
¶ľҶǿҵľηȾ̲ɺһһ뵽ΰܸľҶȾǵĲʣòΪǰľҶǩƽԼ
ಣ
·֮ûдκλ߱ǳ棡
ȷĿ꣡׼ж
ɰ̴ˣòľҶǩ˺ƽԼһҪƻ̸ľҶ̸ͣҪľҶ̼ȥǲܳûչȴʵ㹻ǿľҶ𣡡


17
14¹ľĵڶն󣬰εնӺնǶһģСˣ޸ģ
ĵ֪ͨͰϵĸλʹǣҪڱпʹĻͰǳƸ£֣ȾһıˡѾɹĿʹȾ
ǴͰϵǣҲԿƷز
Сģɱ
ڸ·ȾͻȻͣΣͬʱսḻڿиоΣյϢ
ಣ
ȾĻϾͣΣϱվһ𣬾Ŀܣ
ಣ
ȾͣӰɲǣʮޱǵǰȾ˷ǰɱɰ̴˲ͳˣ
ݡڣ
˹˲䣬Ⱦͱ˫ֿٵʩչһԼǰһǽ
ͻͻͻͻͻͻͻͻ
Щޱˣ޴ڵ
ಣ
͵Ϯɰ̴ҲأɲǼʹɰ̣ȫһɫĹߣϵװľҶװһģһ
ľҶ
ֵˣȾɾһоһ֪ԷԲľҶİˣľҶʱͲ˫ͣսأ̴ֻĵ˼ðģĿĲԶ
СˣǧҪˣ
ݡԹ
·Ըһ֮Ⱦĵİѱ󽻸ˣԼǶǰϮĵ˹ϣ
䣡
һʯ۵ĳʱȾǰĵͻ𣬹ˣ
׶ݡ
ȾĹװľҶɰȴһ׶ʩչ˳˫ֽӡµɲǣһǴӿ䣡
䣡
Ⱦʩչ˵ԹɲǼͱˣ׶ݿݣȾͬȼ׶ݻҲģ
׶ߣ
Ⱦ˾Ȼ׶ߣרſԼݵģɰһݣȴûгֶĻң侲ٴνӡʩչڵ˵ŵ棡
ݡǹ
飡
Ⱦʩ£ɰŵĵϣʱ͹һ׶εķʯˣ˽֮£˾Ҫʩչ׶ƵĹҲˣ

Ⱦɰ̼״жʱһӰ£æһȱĵһǹĲ汬˶뿪˲䣬⼸ǹŴ̶ϣҪһĻͻᱻˣ
ã
˵˹Ⱦȴûжĸˣ۽һµ׳ۣжʱͺһû뵽ȫʵߣ
ۣ
ȾľŭУ¸˵Ķ֣˫˫˵̫Уһ࣬һϺͬʱˣ
Ⱦˡߡ
̣ǰ˫ֻץס˵˵ĵڽѪĶȾе
ȣ̨һ
±ɱȾɱһ¶ǿҵķߺ֮ɫ޲øƴˣ
ȾҲ֪Ըһ˵Ļаգǿ ݵ׶ݵҲһǶԷȴȫӵʵһ˸ӦԲˣ
ಣ
ȻвʣȾҲûκԥӰ˲䱬뿪ľҶķӴܣ
׷
Ⱦ룬ոձȾ˵ɰ̶ʱͺһȶȾ׷ǰȥ
飡ץסɰ̣ҲһѰѽȾߵһ߿Աߵͬͬʱ׷ȥǴеĿɱ̻˵𲻵ãһҪѴӵɱ˲У
ಣ
Ⱦǰ룬ɰٰ̼ľҶʱȾ׷ϣ
׶ݡ
׷ͬʱ֮ǰȾֵɰ̣Ҳٴʩչһ׶һ׵Ⱦͷ£
䣡
ȾһܿյĶ˶ԷĹǱӣ
䣡

Ȼ̵Ĳ׷£׶ɰ̵Ĳ׶ݹ£Ⱦܿͱһ׵Уҽһ
ಣ
ţжΪ׵繥΢ԵȾʱͱɰ̸׷ϰΧסˣ
ɱ
Ⱦɰɱһ֣ͲȾϻֳ̫Ⱦ̻ϣ
ݡʯ֮
˵ĹȾɫ΢΢һ䣬ʩչһ˲ʯ
ﬣ
ɰ̹Ⱦ ϣʯײ쳹е̫Ⱦûˣ
ǿ
ʧܣɰжǰһǰ̾ǾӢ̵ʵ
׶ݡǧ񣡡
Ǳһһ


18
ڼ޳Σյʱ򣬿ڵˣֱһǧһ˱ϣ
⡮ȮҲǸɱһɰ̣
ùˣɱ
˵Ӱɰ֪̾ľҶˣ׶ɰ񷢺ݣϵͺһֻҪɱ˱ǰΧ̣ȫҲֵˣο߻кԮأΪƻ̸ľҶĺ̸ɰ̴ǳ˽ʣϲսˣ
ߣɱңôף
ľҶʱ򣬼бϲɫ˵Ļʱһ˫˾ڿǳֵʱ򣬾ѾٵĽӡˣ
ݡǣ
ڼ޻ɲǣͷϷʱ۳һʯ״ͺһƵģݺݵԶ̹˵ģȴǱѹͬԼ
ʲô
á

Ҫ޵ɰ̼ͷһڣʱһ뿪޼ȻҪɱǾûбҪˣ
ಣ
ɰ̵Ӱʱ˳ȥ޴ʯǴ䣬ҲͣӰûǰ
ݡ֮
ΧԼĵ˹ܿǲ¶֮ɫ漴һʩչ˫ƽסµǵɲǣͨǵˣ
ಣ
˫ָıǵ󣬼һƾͰϼףŴݲȵĴ뿪
䣡
ڼ뿪֮ǲźڵϣһЩ ɳȴû̫ǿҵ𶯣Ϊıˣ
ɶ񡭡
ϵˡ
뿪ɰ̼״жʱһȴֻĿżܿͬʱľҶˣ
̣û°ɣľҶİӰ˵·ϳ£Ӧģ
Ѽ޻֮󣬡ǼԿٵĶż޵
û£ľҶ֧Ԯͺˣ
ԵӦһľҶͬûκκøУҲ֪ԷǰӦҲΪ˺̸ԲûеǸ
ڻɿǵݣҲֻһ¾˿ǵݣҪǸոչĵһĻûбҪˣֱӾɱˣ
ľҶ
ɱľҶһɱˣ
ǻڼ޵ߣ׶ɰٴŭһͬ˵
׶ݡ׼
׶ɰ̱˫ֽӡһ׶ʩչڿǵϿգ۳һ׵£׼ȻǸոĽ׶ݣ
ɱЩˣ
׶ɰ̵ĹͬſǵͺһһܿԷ׵繥󣬱Ƕһɰɱȥӭһɰ̣
ߡȮˣȴͬʱɱһɰ̣׶ɰ˿Ϊû˻ݣû׶ݣֻп׶ݶ׶ˣ
ڼޣǰѵ˶̯ˣȻֵһ߿Ϸˣĸǰȥ֧Ԯˣ
Ķң
ߴߴߴߴ
ǧ֮󣬿ǵ׶ɰ̵ǰĶŶԷ
ߣ
еǧ׶ɰʱ΢΢һͬó׶ݵߣһ۾ͿǧˣһǵĻûкùӳԣԷһȻǧԾҲǧֻֻҪˣ
Ļᣬ㹥ǿҲûã
׶ɰЦһڱĿʱѡãӰ󳷣ͬʱӡʩչ׶ݶſ䣡
׶ݡ
׶ݡ
䣡
׵ܿǿĳҲƻˣ

״Ψеһеǧȥٶǿٿ죬ǲ¶дĻֻһֻӾû취գҪսʤԷֻҪ¶дˣʩչľֻʩչһĲͻᱻˣ
ߣôǾɣ
ͣγȥǧ׶ɰ̲ɲмЦһ
׶ݡ
䣡ŶԷһиǿ׶ݺڿϣ
飡
еӰȴǻɢˣ
Ӱ
ں棡
׶ɰ̼״һתɵľͷֿʮˣţ׶ɰ̵˫ͫ΢΢һ
ǡ
дۣ
ɴ5555555555555ɡ


19
12¹ڰŲصŲزǰŲֻܰеġవֱӰ޸ģҿԻͷ£ллƮ硯ѣҴĶ죬£

͸¶дۣ׶ɰ̲ɰȻֻһֻдۣȷʵдûսٴˣ񿨿ֻǾһֻд۵ģҲ
ǲһġ
׶ɰеһſҲ֮ǰ֪д۵ģ
ô˲ɣ
ص׶ɰ̣ĶŶԷдۿҰȫˣӵֻĵĲҲˣ
д۵ͬʱͬʱҲ۱ˣû취飬Ϊֻ۾ӾЧȫͬͬʱֻ۾ĻڸӦˣֻܱۣҲ֪ΪʲôԭеĿд۵ʱ򻹰۱ˣ
ԺýУÿ¶д۶Ҫʵ󣡻ٸдҲУýд۵ĿУȻֻдۺĶҺ
۵ͬʱаľ
ߣ
дô
׶ɰԶʱһ˫ٴνӡ
׶ݡ
׶ݡ
ʲô
ֻ׶ɰ̸ոսӡ꣬ͼȻҲʩչһһģһ׶׶ɰ̶ʱһæܿ
䣡
һ׵Ȼ뿪˲䣬Ķ£
ֻһֻдۣȻôԸˣ
׶ɰаϸ򿨿۲ŷֿеĹһ
ã
ǲһ˶дӵʲô׶ɰ̣ԼȻֱӶԷдۣϰв
֮
׶ɰֱԼд۵ʱ򣬿ȻŹĻᣬһʩչȥϾ׶ɰ֮У
׶ݡǧ񣡡
Ǳ΢΢һ̣ǧٴ棬ʱ׶ɰþУɱԷʱ
ߴߴߴߴ
꣡
ҫǧ񣬿űǶ׶ɰ̱ϣǧֱӶ׶ɰ̵ಿλϣ
ڿ嵽һʱ׶ɰ̾ͽ˿ʩչĻˣϾֻһͨĻˣǿĻûأûָܹסԷҪľǵ˱һεһʱ䣡
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ŶԷѹȴЦд۵ҲǿٶӰ˲ֽ׶ɰ̵ǰˣ
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ѹ׶ɰоֵɫٴθ̵ЦһеǧݺݵĶ׶ɰ̵λƴȥ
ݡ֮У
Ȼеǰһ˲䣬һȴڿԶϢ𣬿ͬʱеһɼȵΣս٣
Ȼеˡ
һҲ˲ɱǰ׶ɰ̵ˣӰ˲䱬뿪
꣡
ڿ뿪˲䣬һȴϬޱȵķУڿԭڵλ˲նҪѡɱ׶ɰ̵Ļûкùӳԣй׶ɰ̵˫ͫٴһŲ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ȴˡ
׶ɰоϲӰ˵ĺ֧ԮˣϲתͷȥĿĹȻǴɰװһͷɫ꣬˾ɰ̴ĴӰǿߣȣ
׶ɰ̣ҲһӾϳȵͫɰһȻûľҶ̻߽ɫҲһ쳹ɰ̴ǿˣ
ಣ
ͻȻԮһȣǶ֣ͣϻڼ޵ǰ
ȣȻɰ̣ɰ̴ǺôĵӰ
Ѽ޻󣬡Ķʳ


20
ǰ׳𣿡
ɫƱˣ԰ĻһĵĶšЦһͲκνͣ
ȵĻӲ΢΢һΪľҶֶӳʲôʱ׳ˣȻŭȴûʧȥ侲ϸȣԷ˵仰϶ԭģ
ʲô
̡
ȶͷϵĻʱ򣬡ʱһҫ΢һ˼ˣ
ǰɱǰľҶǩƽԼ̣ӦǺģȿ϶֪ԼϳʹõزݣԸɴڻ滮ߣ̵Ϊ¶ҲľҶ׷
ȻҪܹһٰȫɱĻͷһȫµĻˣ
ɶ񡭡
Ȼ˲ôĿģлǷŭһһǱϾ͵ò֤ˣ֪ǰɱɰ̣Ҳ޿κΣ
ҲֹˣȣڻҪ취ô̼޲У
ǡ뿪ǵסǣ
šǶȻſ̼ΣգΪɻӰֳֻܷż뿪ȣʣµ˶Ϻ
ոնϵɰ̣Ѿˣסȣʣµɰ̸һ˵ɰ̽ߡȮҲж⣡ֻҪסһʱ䣬Ҳܳˣ
ĵҲ֪ǶϺǺĿܵģΪ˻Ӱ˵ΪľҶ壬һжֵõģ
Բһ㶣ӡܵǹɾȻжľҶĸ飬в΢΢𺳣ǵһδľҶֱ۵ĸֶܵľҶУΪľҶ
ԭԿ˵ǾֲмģȴҲ𶯣ľҶܹ֮Ϊǿ̴壬Ϊ־
ľҶ֮𣿻һȥ
૳
ǣ
ƺǱΪľҶȾԼѪҺԲҪ񣬲ҪӰ´漴ǶšĵͷӦ
ǡ̾ͽˣ
ǡߣ
ͬʱȮߡҲǶſڡİţûκγɸʣеֻӣԭ֮ǰ̽ԼнٵĿҲ漴ɢˣ
Ƕӳɣʶľʹ¹
ſֹȽűǳš
ߣľҶߴûзģ
ԶʱߣͬʱĿٴεȵ 
죬̿ߣ

Ψĵͷæתͷ̼ޣ
ҲûκηϻȵȻ֪ ľҶԸϺٺòˣøɰͬھ޴ʱĻ͵Цأʹ죬ո̱ɱľҶҪɰ̿Ҳ̣ˬ
ߣ
ڱϣ޵Ȼ¶˷ܵɫſӦһӰæ뿪
ಣ
ಣ
һߣȻһ뿪
ߣôף
һ޸ɫŭһϳȥ
ɰҲûκγٻͬʱϣ
Ҫ׷ȥ˵
׷ʱһһ赲ȵǰˣ

赲ȶʱŭһ˫ֿٵĽӡ
ݡи
꣡
һޱķбǰšնϣ
ݡڣ
ȵĹҲŲæ侲ʩչһڰԼס
䣡
ߡȮˣҲʣµɰ̸סˣ
ͷ۳ɹȼ˵סġǣ㲻ᣬתͷרĵĳ룡
ϣӳǲҪɣû뵽ɰ̴Ȼȶˣ
Ψһż޿ٵ뿪Ȼġǵİοġǵסǣ׷ĻǾΣˣ
ӲΣǽ£ﲻǾӣҲԼΣ״̬ԵԻǸϽĳã
޾ûӣһСʱǺһͣϵĴϢţ

Ӧû׷ˣȫˣ
һҲ¶ĵЦڰΣˣ
ȫ˵Цô
ֻڿɲǣǵǰ棬ϾһϷʵ


21
ڼ䣬񣬿ʻղأͣƱҿ˳ղأʻҲæϣ
ƼӰ֮а۽١Ӱ֮걾
ৣৣ
Ǿֵ̧ͷǰǰʮ׵ĵطһӰȻȻ˭
ֻǴʱǰȣȴû֮ǰƮˣѪ߰ߣҼλøһ˿ڳ֣ѪϵĵţЩǱ
ȻȵȴûΪ˶ײѪɷǹŨɱѹƵÿо˳ˣΧĿסһ
ӳǡ
ȵĳ֣ҲһȼȻˣôѾʧˣûܳɹ赲סȣ͸ԤϵһѾսˣ붼Ѿʧȥսˣ
ûмɰֻ̣һ׷ɰ̵϶Ҳˣսʧȥսˣ
ܲģԹԵɣ
ż˾ֵı飬Ц
ݡи
Ҳϻ϶Կ˽йϳʱֻ仯Ǿ˵ĺã
ֻҪһɱˣҾͲñ̵ˣ
аһܹһɱеľҶ̵ĻȻ⣡жڿ˵ɱҲǶȻûɣñһɾ㹻 
ͣ
ȵĽӡ£жʱǰۣſиϣ֮Щʯȫжһпεķ˲ն޵ǰ

״Ҳ˲ϵƣˣæ뿪ͬʱżѵ
ಣ
޲ÿѣȻͬһæܿˣȵķݹɲʯ֮ӲԷݵиܹܴģ
ͣ
ڿ֮󣬷бǴǵԭڵĵطи˲ͱиֲѺҷеƲȵĲתſ˼иϣиϵĽǶȸٶȹ죬ܿ
ಣ
д۵ǿеĹģ
ݡʯ֮
ڼޣûпдۣڼ޷֮æʩչʯ֮ˣ
꣡
Ѿķиڼ޵ϣڼ޵иǳǳ˿Ѫ
ߣ
ʹļ޶ʱƺһ
֮ԻôǱΪ·ƣĲٵԵʣԲŻᱻһŪǱ
֮£ȻȵĹʱ״̬ȴǸӵΣգʩչǧһ·ٳ룬ĲѾʣ޼ˣһ¶д۵£ľһʲҲָ
ô죿
ĲɾڲҪ˵ˣԼѱˣû뵽ôǿĵˣ
ǡǰɣĲҲĲˣֻҪСӦԣûлģ
ڿоʱ򣬶ȴ˼޵
ϸȣֶԷȻ˵ͷɰԼȻûз𽥱ԼȫԭһЩսҲҪԼٴδսˣ
ԭ䣬գ
ߣҲʣ޼Ҳǿƥеģ
ȥɣ
ݡ
޵ĻٴЦһϢ˫ٴνӡʩչݶſ˹ϣһ߼Ҫд۸ƶƲ
ͣ
һֲȵĿתźͳ뾶ʹﵽʮˣſϣ֮ܵɳʯҶȫо˽ȥɷ飬ɼһߣתϵٶҲޱȣ˲;˵ǰ棡
һ߼ڲܴ࣬˵»˲ʩչʢɰ̴ǿˣĴӰʵҲ˶ˣ
ڿУҲںˣ

ٶ̫ˣܲˣô죿
˫ͫ˲ľ
ƴˣвһˣ


22
ڼ䣬񣬿ʻղأͣƱҿ˳ղأʻҲæϣQQȺ162104515
Ĳȫľˣ
Ȼ֮ɫǶȻһ䣬Ƴʵĵһˣʱ̣ʩչľˣľһĲʩչľ
εն
ﬣ
ϵ̫˲䱻˫ֳͬʱնϣڵֵɲǣһɸƱǿۣ絶һ񣬿Ӱ֮ȵķֽ㱻п
ôܡ
Լĸ߼ݾȻô׵γ忪ȵ˫ͫʱв쾪һ
ͬʱҲоһɼΣյϢ𺳣ΣյϢǴǰĿϴģǱնĵУ궼Ϊ֮һǿƵĹðԵĹ
ʲô
𾪣ҲٵķӦ˲ԾһûĽȵļУû˵ĵôǿưԵģ
˫ԾɲǣȿȻǰһײĿңս㹻 һԿͻԵĹܶû취ȫܿ
꣡
ǿſĵǰն£й̶
ۣ
ôܡ
оԼһۣһѪȲ𾪣û뵽ĵûǱնˣ
Ϊ֮ǰ˵Եʣ巴Ӧһ㣬ȻͲˣ
ȻֻСˣҲɰһ֮ǰڸսˣ׷˾ѾʧѪˣټ⵶ܼʱ뿪ĻΣˣߣȶѾеģˣ

ʱܲȵķݣαиҽͬʱȻģˣȻǼ޵һֱֻ۶иնˣ

ڷԼ߿ʼģɲǣбǲʵķŭһԾصͬʱæ뿪ľҶʣȻôǿټΣգȺŴҲɱ˵ģֿˣ
ֻҪɱǰľҶǩƽԼ̾ѾﵽĿˣֻԺҪ̵ˣԼĸ߼£ȿɲΪ̼޻ܴ
ԺľҶİ
ǡȼסĴˣ
飬ߺ󲻾ãӰ͵ȥˣĲԹȥˣոǵѾǿĹ
ֻϧûз㣬ֻΪһľҶʵ߲ôŶԣ
ٴ۾ʱ򣬿֪ԼûʱϲĴܣĿ֮£ϤĲã
ǡľҶҽԺ
Ͼ֪ԼںδˣеľҲľҶҽԺУʹǰȫ ˣ
ҪһŷһСſ棬ջ˭ƣ֪Ϊչԭĵ΢΢һʹһж
ˣ
ĶϾ;գһϾϲ鼤Ŀſ
գлл㣡
ΪԼе˵գɸжĶллɫƣգȴǷ
õģûҾͺܿˣ
ţæߺĵͷȥӵ˵ͨͨļţķľԽԽˣ
ֻĻٴθжҪ˽״ȣ
գôصľҶģ
ſǶʵ
ʦģ
ʦ
Բ΢΢ȣû뵽ȻǲˮȥӦģѵӰֽϲˮŵģ
ʦֻһ˻𣿡
ȥʦˮôǰȥӦˣæʵǸ̲˰ɣ֪ԭ̸ľҶǳɹǩ˺ƽԼģزΪĴԽı˰ɣĵľˣ
鿪ʼǰʷ鱾ֻ֪֪࣬ʷ̣ҪǱıĻûһˣ֪ʷƣ


23
ڼ䣬񣬿ʻղأͣƱҿ˳ղأʻҲæϣQQȺ162104515
ǰʦһ˵̻
ʻƽ̧ͷſ˵
ģ
ԶʱϲĶȷϵû뵽Ǹ̾ȻûǰҲԷȵķȫеģΪʧˣʷ̱ıˣû뵽ȻûУ
죬Ǹ̶һֱֻۣȴͳԺˣһ̸ľҶǩ˺ƽԼˣǲٴˣ
յͷ漴ϲĶſ˵СսҲѿƽʱˣ
ǰٴˣ
ҲһЦյЦݸȾˡ
ֻǿ֪ľҶҪƽôףͻоβϮľҶҪ̴һܽƽҲǲõģѧУҵǿʼ𽥶ȻЩǺˣ
֪𣿴ҪѡٵĴӰأʦҲϣΪĴӰأӺö˶ӵʦΪĴӰģ
յĿһʲô϶ſ˷ܵļ
һȻʦˮžͿҪϵĴӰˣ
ģô֪ģ
װһϲģʵ
ӶأΪÿһλӰͨͶƱѡȵģͨȷϵģ
Ǵںü˶ʵѡϻӰҲˣִˣֻǸִ˼ǰ뿪ˣ˱Ҳܹѡϵģϧˣоǵʦˣڶ˭ĴӰأ
˵ִ˸ҲȽϸߣʦֻҲ˵˼ӰֲִڣôϣΪĴӰľʦˣ
ȣһЦ֪ʱҲ֣ǸˣʦϻӰأһǻӰĵˣæ֪Ķ˿
Ҳֻװϲӣи̣Ȼʷһģһģ
ʦһԵϻӰģ
Ų΢΢ЦԲˮųţǵȻˣΪԽʿôܻỳɲˮŵϵĴӰ

˵Ҳ˼ԸεĴӰʦ˵ڴӵϲȥѰҸִˣҪһºûнĻʦεĴӰˣ
յͷ˷ܵЦЩǲˮŸˣϲľľҶû취֪ģ
ţ
һ²Ϊ֮һʹҪȥѰҸֵģи˳ôܱ͵͵ȥǿˣ
εľӿҵֿܲܽд۵⣬ȻĲʵǺĲʩչһľͻ죡˵ʱʣ࣬ȫʢʱҲֻܳһ
쿨ͳԺˣûˣֻ͸֧ˣ죬һپûˣ
ؼҵ·ϣڿţҪôܽѰҸֵ
ֱӸʦ˵͵ˣʦ϶֧ȥѰҸֵģʦҵ֣Լ뵱Ӱ
ܿ쿨ǰԼһҪô룬ǿˮŵĵӣֱӸʦˮ˵ͿˣݹԭӰʦˮҲ˽ˣȻͲΪ˵ֿβˣ
ಣ
뵽Ŀϸı䷽ʦˮڵķӷӶϣԽԽãȻڱ˵ˣ
飡
ææʦˮŷӵĿһӾͰʦˮŵŸײˣ
⡭
һСİʦˮŷӵŸײˣжʱ⣡
㡭
ȥ
ȻƿϼһɫӰŭݵĿſ漴쭣
꣡
һȭͷǶſ뺷εֻԲˮһ˵ģ˳ҲˮŵĵӺܹԴ
ֻǴʱͬײķţǲˮŵĵҲûãҪѵģ
꣡
Ȼһ˾εĹˣ
ȻҶ㣬ûʦĸ۵װ
̷Ӱ֮


24
ڼ䣬񣬿ʻղأͣƱҿ˳ղأʻҲæϣQQȺ162104515
ಣ
ʦĸεĹһֻ֣ܲϵ
Ȼȴǲ֣ͣԽԽŭſϣֶξһͨڶʣҪк
ˣһҲ֮ͨϽĺըǰѿ۸Ҫֶûл֮
ʦĸע󰡣
ʦأ
ԺӶʨһ뺷ʦĸοһп񺹣һæžĵЦӼֻ֪ʦˮǾεˣ
ˮڷǲɸһ˿΢Цÿζƣ
ҵķ緶
ͬʱڲˮŷģһˣ֮һҲҲǿʦˮŵʦˣ
ˮԱŶʱ
ߣСӣ´ˣ
 Ļ΢һ£ŭǶſݺݵĵͺһ֣ͣ

ʦĸͣˣ˿ҲǸոմҽԺ״ûȫָأҪǾμȥĻ͵ˣ
˵ɣôææʦĸʲô飬ȻʦĸŸ߻ˣǵõ°ҪǮҸˣ
žεڿ
˫ һ˵Ŀˣ
ʦӸģ
漴϶ʦĸ˵
Ŷʲôôææܵʦ
ˮһ Ϊһǰʵ
ʦӰǲǾҪѰҸִˣ
ˮ˵Ŀģ
СӣҪҸ֣
ҲҲһǰֵĿſʵ
ԣҪҸִ£
ˮҲһ㶣ͷ֪ҪҸֿ϶ԭˣ
ʦҲˣҪ˳øִ˰ҿҵۣ˵ִ˵ҽ̽ˣҵûа취ƣ
ŲˮŻҲͷ˵
԰ôˣ
ˮ˫һ˷ܵͬ
Ҳʦ˵ִӦÿԽ۵ɣ
󲨷ˮűæתͷҲʵȻϣҲֿ֧ػǲдۣҲϣܹøǿҪǿдܹĻд۾Ͳǿ׸ˣǿıˣǳŵĵӿܱøǿˣ

ҽǺûǿ۱ϾǲһдۣҲܹܲ
Ҫֶ˵ĻôҲûܹˣҵһҲǺõģ
ⲻ˭ֵ٣һ֮ҪҵֿкܴѶȵİ
ˮŵʻҲһ£󿪿˵˵ֵҽʱҲһ֮ɫ·ҽţƵһ
ȷǸ⣡
Ǹոո̴ǩƽԼҲֻÿһȥѰҸҸִˣ
ܲҵִˣͿˣ
ˮԵͷ૵˵һ˵Ҳ֪ԽҵԽãһӾͬÿѰҸˣ
һҵִ˵ģ
˷ܵӦ
ǵ¾ȥͷ˵һɣС͵ҵϢˣ
ҲԱҲǵͷ˵
ǣллҲˣ
϶Ҳл
֮ͰˣҲóҵĹ
𾴵ҲһHӹЦҲͷˣû뵽׳ʱҲӋH
ҪҵֵĻֲԸĻˣֻҪæ۾ˣ
ҲЦһһżſ˵Ըֵ˽⣬ʱ㿨ҵָҲģ
УҵĻǵôҸã˵ľҶһֱиˣ
ҲЩС˵һ䣡


25
ڼ䣬񣬿ʻղأͣƱҿ˳ղأʻҲæϣQQȺ162104515
ҲĻаЦҲȻһֱڰŸְӦϲŶԣҲˣֻǸֶҲð
֪ˣҲˣ
ϿǹĶҲشģ
ãھͰͷ˵ȥҵϢ
Ҳ˷ܵĵͷĿļ򣬾Ϳٵ뿪ˣģȻΪ˿ֶܹģ
һζԳִ˵Ҫս񣬲һСģ
ҲǰӰˮŲ΢Цҡҡͷſе˵
ǣʦ
ܵˮŵĹģæӦʦˮţԭеļ仹ִļ䣬ǳģˮŵǿ󣬻о
ҪԳ˰ɣʦĸһˣʦĸûأ
ʱһԵľҲſ΢Цųˣһ˵ţϴӻóһ
Σ
óĶˮһû뵽ξȻóɾһ
ʦˮŵľȣһϺĿʦĸеľ飬ȻܹˮžȣǾͿ϶򵥣
ûϵģˮĵӣǿѧϰһģ
ˮŵľȣתͷЦЦ˵
һžеľᣬ𶯣û뵽Ҫ͸ԼȻһһķӡǹھ̽İʬ⾡ЩǿܹӡβķӡȫԴһģ
ʦĸһĻҲҪ
ȻҪеľᣬϿǾܾģܸõӡ󣬱һ˵Źȥãֻǰӡ
û£ʦѧ㵱ȻҲѧˣֻһĵһҲֻһЩķӡ
ĻһЦſ˵
ԱߵĲˮüͷһ˵ô⣬뵱ҪѧϰοеķӡǱΡĥ˲ٰô׵ľʹӾеõž飬˵ʶǲܵģ
˵ǰɣˮţ
ƺܵˮŵһתͷŲˮ΢Ц˵ֻаĳвľ⣡
ûȥɣʦĸ͸ģ
ˮſžЦݣ˵ľȴϽæŶԿ˵
Ŷ
ΨӦһֽӹθľᣡ
ಣ
պڿѾսеʱҲͻˣ
㶨ˣСӣͷ֪ѾͬѰҸˣʱֻһ£һҲֵĻҲ
ҲһǹЦĿļͬʱ˵ҲоЦ⣬Ҳ֪ʲô飡
ǣллҲˣ
Ҳˣϵʲô
ſҲлż鼮΢΢һæʵ
ǿСۼ⣬³鼮ҳɹˣ⼸ǵһˣҼĵľҶҵģ
ĻҲüɫ˷ܣЦţҲĻˮŸҲǺĿҲе鼮֪οʲô飡
Ҳʦҿʲô飡
϶Ҳ˵˵оѾȥһˣҲҲûж㣬ֱþһھʱ򣬿Ŀϵˣ
򡭡
á
ȻѾԤеˣĿл𾪣𾪵ҲȻοȻ˷ܹͷˣγٶ˵ˣ
ˮŸСҲ£Ȿһ˲Ѫİ
ƺû⣬Ҳеһ˷һ˲ˮŸ
ͺҲʲôݵĿϽҲˣ򿪾Ϳ


26
ڼ䣬񣬿ʻղأͣƱҿ˳ղأʻҲæϣQQȺ162104515
Ȼ
ǡ
Ʒ鰡
ſҳ˼ҳ֮бǶҲƷԵĸ̾һHָŮֻʽֱ̬¶Ĵһ˿չҳϣ
ֻǿҲһγHԵʣŮ˵ʽûչֳȫҲַڸˣԭ˱ʱʵЧסʽһ
ˣҲÿһѪˣɶԼؿǣ΢ؼ
˼ҳ͹ϰϣҼˣ˵ǰˣΪԵͦѿˣ
Ҳʦ
ڿ鱾ʱ򣬾εĳҲͬʱ

ʱĿһ˷ܵĿõľΣû뵽ξȻҲϲѵӱĸ˰ЩHо֮ҲȤ
ֻΪˣ
ҲΪд Ű
Ҳ˷ܵùЦ
Ҳ˲Ҳˣ
Ҳǵͷ޵
εĳޣҲֵ۾ҪԳһˣ
ˮţô
ҲŶźſĲˮʵʱĲˮŻû̧ͷأ

Ҳʦ
⡭
ҲĻˮ̧ͷȴͨ죬˼û뵽ҲдH𾪵УⷽһǱȽģĺ˼ްǿѾͨˣ
ʦô԰θ
ŲˮŲС˵һôԸθأҲдҲû뷨ǲܸθ֪ζ鼮ȤģҲû֪ڱҲôһ㣬ҲͶ֪˰

Ҳʦٻҵ󣡡
һ㶣֪ˮΪʲô˵漴ȻͨתͷҲݺݵ˵
⣬ˣСӣˮţˣ
ҲҲЩĲܸθģžŭӣϾһһ仰ϱ뿪ˣ
ɶ񣡡
Ҳˣβɺ޺޵Ķ˶ţ
Ǹ
ʦʦĸҲˣȥúϢָ˺ִ񣡡
ŭȻΣæŲˮŸ˵һҲתˣͬʱô뻳У
ȵȣ
һСӿʲôߣ
ֻǿ߳εĽˣԩʶ˰ŮϹˣHľΰ
ȻҸ˵ֻܹԹԵİ£뿪
ͷҲҪһˣ
뿪ĿвɰûʲôֵĻӰ磬бHǲǷǳģûܰûĸźģ
صҺ󿨿Ͱ׳Ժˣæ˷ܵĴӻó͸ľ
һӡ
û򿪣ȿּˣ˳
һķӡ
һżĴ򿪾ᣬϸķԽǷе˷֮ɫԽŨңеľȻʮּ
һģǷӡĵһôˣ
Ѿһӡ֮󣬿ŷ¾ᣬԵĸ̾һһ棬ʮķӡ֮
˵ǻķӡ֮ҲһĴзӡһҪǿ٣
зӡķӡҲзӡķӡָ࣬ЧԱȽСģܷӡ̫
ϲľһѪ֮ӡˣѪ߶ӡһӡڿհ׵ľУֻԭ˵Ѫٴδ߶ܰĶȡһЩ˽Ʒٺòˣ
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˷ܵһæһſհ׵ľᣬȻѾθľպãڿհ״򿪵ľ棡˫ֿʼӡ
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ֻ˫ּӡ£ȻһҧʳָѪĨģֱǰڼһӡľ棡
һѪҫһľʧڿǰˣӡ뵽óſհ׵ľˣհ׵ľϣҲһӡͼ


27
ڼ䣬񣬿ʻղأͣƱҿ˳ղأʻҲæϣQQȺ162104515
ſһӡľᱻӡڿհ׵ľУϲɫһӾѧˣ
ſҲŲѪٴΰѱӡľͷųʧܣʵ֤ȻһҪѪҺܽ⿪ӡ
Ѿʮӡȫѧ֮󣬿ĵͷ˯㾫͸õһζԳˣһѰҴ˵еĸ֣
ЩǴҪģҪľҪְһۣд۵⣬Կ˵̫ˣ̫Ҫˣ
գ
ڶʱſڿ;ȵļһŵſڵˣ

Ҫһ˳ִ𣿡
ϵĵĶſʵӲˮ֪ҪԳִˣԲŻڶһſڵȺ򿨿ǿһζԳ壬Ȼˣ

ĵͷŲٵĶҽ豸һЩҽƱ֮Ķ
ſ㿴˫΢׵˫ˣͫе˿˿Ѫ˿֪ЩҹΪģһж
һζԳӣ֪㲻ϲƽЩûõ׸Ҹ׼Щ
ͷϰеĶݸͬʱ˵¿Ϊ׸
лл㣡գ
սŵӣвɸжĶ˵ͬʱǰԼǸ쵰

һδӿлղɾȵ΢С죬˼ĿſڿĵлЩ֪룬֪λӦã
վȵĿɰģ,ݸ,еĶ,ٵĸյĶ˵һ뿪!Լᣡ

նʱɫߺľһ̧ͷ򿨿ʱ򣬿ӰȴѾԶˣ
ſıӰſո˵Ǿ仰յķıȻ糺죬ȴҫż˵
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Ӧûɣ˵ҪԼģ
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ɲ֪Ϊһ仰뿪󻼵ûʧܿͳ˴ӣһӸ·ˣ
뿪ӺȾ˶ĲڸļѼ鱨ûиֵϢ
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Ҫһҵ֣ҲûôװҲִ֪ʱڲڻ֮ڣ
ص૳ӵҪһûҵֵĻͱøϻشӣȻͻҵڵģ
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ʦĸлŮվϲŸжŵˣڳǲŹģ˼ƻ
ֻƻʵʩǰᣬ뿪ľҶΪգΪԭԼϲĳѡ뿪ľҶΪ̵ģ
ʦĸ
ſǸдһ̳ԭпļ䣬ʦĸҲŲٻģʦĸεʱ۹ⶼ᲻ʱ͵ģһ뵽λľβϮУһ֪꣬ʲô취ʦĸΣ
ǾβһֱŵĴڣûʵԷ⣡
ҲھλûлˣͰʦĸδӲˮʦĸξͲỳˣβӡͲɶоûа취ٻڵľβˣξͲˣ
ЩֻˣҪʦˮΣͼܣ˵ֻǧץǧշģαжϣһ춼⵽ֵģ
ҪʦĸĻֻһ취ˣǾʦĸڵľβ֮󣬱סʦĸ
΢΢ս˫ȭ˵һ


28
ڼ䣬񣬿ʻղأͣƱҿ˳ղأʻҲæϣQQȺ162104515
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֪ԼǵѣʵԿǾ뵽ǰĳϳ˵泵ģźðѶԷ
ǳѰҸֵģҪսܱͱ⣡Ҫս˾Ӱ쵽Լĸ·ٶˣ
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ڿ뵽ϳ֮ӰǳϳõĳſڣǲǲһĳԱǰտд۵ģ
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һʼǲԱϺǺһЦ


29
ڼ䣬񣬿ʻղأͣƱҿ˳ղأʻҲæϣQQȺ162104515
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ڶԷд۵ɲǣĹҲͬʱˣ׵һѪǴӿǰ


30
͸Խĸǵڶ϶ǱȽˣȲٿɣСҹƴˣ
ڼ䣬񣬿ʻղأͣƱҿ˳ղأʻҲæϣ
Ȼǲһģߣ
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31
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32
ĸɣΪĴ͸Ʊ̫ˣͻȻСǿ˶̲أ
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ֳ̫ĿڻӰһĲ󣬶ǲ˷ʩչľնĵڶʽն


ͻȻһһֱܵǱʩչնǲ˷Ǿһ󾪿ֵĽлһͻȻʩչĵʵ̫ͻȻ̫ˣǸĽǶȣһʱû뵽ôмܣ
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ǲ˷ҽһαǵɳȥһڵ֮ϣ
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ڵŸжðѪǲ˷磬ſԹʣҪ֮ǰǧشĻովԾҲڱ˵ôˣҲˣ
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ǲ˷类նɵףǲǲǾһ˫˫Ÿϵǲ˷ǰǲ˷ϵƣжǳ˷ŭ֮ɫ
ֻǲ˷ϵ˿ڣ߹ǱиϿҲпѪϵĿӿһǾ֪ǲ˷Ѿûˣ

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ܵĻᶼûУֻɲǼ䣬ͱǿĻûˣ


33
Ƽ顶Ӱ֮ȭ̫ģ֧СĶڳȷʵŵС˼ˣɣǵһ滹һ
ϣ֧Сģ͸ЩдϵĽɣҪСһҪôдһһҪȫգһҪСȡ˭ģܲСԼ뷨дл
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ǳ˷ʧȥ侲ˣô죿
ǲҲ֪Ƿŭʧȥ侲ԭ¿ӰǶûзˣǲʵ
Ȱ˳˷˵ǸСܲģ
ǲǿѹסеŭ棬ų˵ҫ˵ľ⣡
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ڼ䣬񣬿ʻղأͣƱҿ˳ղأʻҲæϣллQQȺ162104515ǵڶһ
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һ߿ͷûκԥ˫ְγ̫ӰնȥԷֻһ˵ĻŰȻˣǾӦøϽˣ˵أ
ﬣ
նȴǱſԷӣͫʱ΢΢һ



40
ڼ䣬񣬿ʻղأͣƱҿ˳ղأʻҲæϣQQȺ162104515ֹ򣬻ҳǵ
û뵽湥߻Ǿ۹ԶȻ˸ֵӰǲӿӰ̫ˣϸϲ̤֮Ь䴦ȫѹҵˣ
㻹ľҶߣȻĳף
¿ĹӰȴǱ˳ȥǶſȳмĿſԿӡӵ㣡
һ֪Լˣæ죬㣬
˭ˣ
֣Ҳûж⣬ǰ̺Ÿһ뿪ľҶģʱҲı䲻ľҶϳҲڿӡȴǼӣԶڿֺһҲܣ
꣡
˵žٴζſȥ
ڿĹͷ״Ҳæϣдˬѣû뵽Ȼи߰һѵ
С㵹ùˣ
һЦţһ߾Ķն򿨿ı
㣬ˡ
һ߸жսһ飬һ߲˵ɲ뱻ᰡȻͱд۵ˣ
ֻǾȴǲͣĽͣΪƱ磬ѵһ٣ҾҲǲСʵȴǱǿԽԽܣ
˾ֻвϵܾĹרųֽѵͷֻÿҪ˶ԷÿƲѣ
һ߿ſսĸ֣еҲԽԽŨû뵽һľҶСߣȻӵ ʵ̵ľҪ
ǡ
Ķӣľ
Ÿֵ˫ͫ΢΢һ𿨿˭ˣѹֿô죬ԭľ
û뵽С겻Ȼﵽ̵ʵˣ
΢΢ȵİһû̫ȣΪ ʱѾˣʱȥﵽ̵ʵҲ
ˣǿ
Ÿֱսеľ˵֪ԷǿѾӦˣӡпɲǻᵽĳ׵ˣ

ǿ
սеľԶʱһ㶣ͣӰϸĿſŷֹȻ˵еſһɫͷֻ֣סһֻ۾˵ľҶʱûм
ã
ԭ˷ܶ˸ֵĶȻʶģжʱвתߣһǶˣϸֻø죡
ն
ܵĶûһһն˦ȥ
ͣ
ûоİæܵĶֱӾͱնˣһѪӱһڵˣûͲ֪ˣڲϵĳ鴤ţѪֱʱҲѪģ
㣡
ִˣ
ն˶֮󣬿Żͷž˵Ϊ˽˶Լᣬæ˵˳Լֻ鱧ƽİˣ
һ˵꣬ںĺҲæ֤ˣ
ָ״Կ˿Ƶɢ뵽Լ֮ǰȻ˿ֹʿͣ˼ҵĽͣ͸еޱȣ˫÷죬ҿ򿨿
ͬʱеĶӡҲűȡ֮Ǹߴ˧
ִˣǷ Ӱ˵ǰѰ ģ
󿨿ͶԸ˵⣬û˵ȣ˵
ͷôҪʲô飿
ӰֵǳֶݵĻ䣬󵭵Ķſʵ
ӰҪִȥ̳лӰ־εĴӰ
ӰɵӲŻȥģȥɣǲľҶģ
 һ㶣Цһſ˵̺ԹޣȻȥĵܸܵٶˣ


41
ڼ䣬񣬿ʻղأͣƱҿ˳ղأʻҲæϣQQȺ162104515ֹ򣬻ҳǵĸһ
ŶҲҲҴ仰ִ㣡
Բûие⣬˵
ʲô
¿ͰҲҪ˵Ǿ仰˵˳
Ǹɫڴ⣬´μɣ
԰Ҳ΢΢һ죬ݺݵ˵ԣ
Զǲɰ̿ˮ͵͵Ÿֱص۹æ˻ֹȻǣ
ӡ
ŸֲĵһĴӸӰʵôˣͷǲôˣ
ȵȣǻһط˵ɣ
ûڻش𣬸־ʹ˿ĻĶĳͺһϰ˳
һĹͷӣ˵ľʹӶ¥ƨƨߵˣǰסˣû뵽εôû뵽ƽĴ󲨷ȻҲߣ
ĳȻԩˣ⳥ȻҾͲǵĶĳ
ϰ󣬸ֱ׶ĶŶԷ˵Уһ䰲İ䣡
ǣǣ⣬λߴ˱ŭмİ䣬̴λȥ
ͷһʹϻæĵĶŸ˵ɲҵ˰³Աˣû۵ˣ
һ߲ɰû뵽Ҳûթ ɲҹܣѵһ¶ĳϰҲǺ£
ǰͰеǮȫ˶Է
СӣЩǮϽĸҩȥɣ
ɻǵú黹Ҫĸҩģǵã´βҪڽķˣ
ǣллˣллˣ
鼤ĽƱмĶſͷ
ԭôΰ󣬾һоԼǶԲס
һῨ͸Ÿ־ϵ¥뵽һİУָ Ķľ߶У豸ȻǸһЩĿģ
СӣľҶ˵£
ڰ֮󣬸־ͶԿʻˣҪӿУ˽ľҶ飬ľҶҲĲˣ
ڸ֣ȻܾˣľͰڸߺľҶ֪˵˳
ڼ䣬 ɫ任֪ľҶվᵣģ֪Ǵݻ֮źˣ֣˵ĵУҲԼ֮еϸ˵˳ˣ
ô˵ڵۣǲдˣ
ֹȻ˵ſۺʵû뵽ΪľһΨһĺ˿ֲǲһдۣ

ͷְס۵Ļ¶˫д

ۣǴĿ˰̣Ա߲ɾѽһ
Ҳ˫۵Ŀſۣüͷ΢壡
ҿ㻹ǰд۶ĺãд۶˵ֻ׸
ҽĸ֣Ȼһ۾Ϳ˿дˣĶſ˵
ִˣҲûа취дɿƵ𣿡
΢󼤶ĶŸ׷ʵû뵽־ȻҲܽд۵⣡
ҪǵҰֲд۵ĻȻܹдɿƵ⣬ѾˣֲʱѾ۵һЩҲƻһֻµдңҲİֲȥˣ
ûԿ˵˳
䣡
 ֻоԴһƬհףģû뵽ԼڴѰҸ֣һԼдû취
Ȼ̫ˡ
бߵ૵ֵĻ֪ҪһҵֵĻӦܹ д۵ ģ
Ȱ㣬ǰдƳɣΪǰҰֲһµ۾ȥ
ŴĿһ˿̣˵


42
ڼ䣬񣬿ʻղأͣƱҿ˳ղأʻҲæϣQQȺ162104515ֹ򣬻ҳǵϣ
УҴӦʦǵģҪػŴ۾һȥŴĿһ𣬵ϻӰ
Ƭ֮󣬱ǿھȻ˵Ҫд۵ĻҲȵˣȻǾͼȥɣȻǿ˵ɣ
Ӱ𣿺ߣд۵㣬ûгΪӰĿܣ
ԺĶſΪľҶʷܳţֲ뿨һдеģ
ϸûоԵ飬ֻţһᵱϻӰģ
ûбֵĻǳŵİȻ˵Ϊ֪д۽׵Ͳд۵ĻʵϻӰģԭУͲ㵱˻Ӱˣ
ſŵӣڸԱߵľĲ΢΢һоӰӸߴˣңƣÿᣡӣɲݺ˧
ſӣ̾˿Ȱ˵ûõˣ
ɣȻҲܰ㳹׽д۵⣬ܹд۵϶ȵģĲļһ㣡
иӮҲУ
Ÿֲſ˵
ģ
Ͼϲû뵽ֻһֵģ
ȻȣҪӮҲУȻòף
ֵһЦʵ;һд۵ˣֻҸڰˣԼĶ˵ģı䣡
ԱߵľҲǰһЦִ֪˵˼ûɵ濨
Ҳһʼ˿ԭ򣬲Żᵼ¾ԿйεԻſ룡
ãҸģ
ûκԥæӦû˵˻ôӮ˻ܵõֵƣֶΪأ
ôˬĴӦַһ㶣ſǼ޵Ц⣬ôˣԸеĽ΢΢һ̣
ӦôˬȣҪ˵ĻҲҪһĴ۵ģ
ֵЩζĿſ˵

û뵽ͻȻתˣΪ˻д۵⣬ΨгӦʲôۣ
ˣҺ¾ôɣ˯ѩnb


43
ڼ䣬񣬿ʻղأͣƱҿ˳ղأʻҲæϣQQȺ162104515֢ľ飬һѩnbСֵܣƲɵˡѪ޽硷ȥ֧£
Ҫ˵Ļֻдۣң
ζĿſֵĿ˵

ԱߵľԲٴЦľһ
ͫҲ΢΢һû뵽ֵҪŸζ񣬿һʱҲԥ
УҲô۾עҪĻҵۺˣ
ֻԥһ£̧ͷĿŸ˵ǲǰٷְӮ֣дעĻڸеӡ;ˣ
ãܺãҪǴӦĻҷˣ
ſ񣬸ֳ͵ĳһ˵ûãǾͻˣҪ˵Ļǰʧܰҵһ鱨ͷӣ
ԣ
ȴˬĴӦ
ڸֵĶУ˶ѡ˶ɫӣʤ㶵鷢ˣԷıĸ֣Ȼڲʹò׵£Ȼȸ֣ÿһĵһֱˣ
Ҳ⣬û뵽˵һֻĸ֣Ҳĵ
Ӯˡ
һ־ͶʮΣӮ˸һ֣Աߵľ΢΢սȭЩ˷ܵص
ִ˾ȻҲӮһ֣
ţٴξһˣΪһμ־ȻڶĲҲӮһˣ֮ոոӵļ
ѵǸִתˣǾ̫ˣԺһֱǮˣ
в˷ܵ뵽ǿŸһֱ䶼ˣǿ
ž濨

Ѿŵĺ˿ˣû뵽ȻˣŶĸ֣ȴǷָ˷֮ɫԭ;ոģˣʱĸֻʮ꣬Ů˷绪ï䣡
Ҳѹ֣⻹Ǹ϶ĲһӮˡ
Сӣ
˷ܵЩĸ֣ŽŵĿӵ⣬ˬ죬ڴߴٵ
ߣ
һͲӮ˵еķеɫ
ʮ㣡
Լӳɫӵ֮󣬿˷һ
֣ʮĵ㣬ֿӮˣ
ˣ
״ֲɵһòСӮһ̣û뵽䣡
ִˡ
ӮˣЩŵĿŸֳĸֲƣ
ģ˵Ȼ㻰ھͰƣ
ſı飬ֲɷеĲˬ˵ɵɣȻ鷳˵㣬һСʱӦþܸ㶨ˣ
ڣ
Ծһͬʱĵ˷ܣڿ΢Ľһд۵ˣ
Ȼˣѵ㻹ʱ䲻ɣԽƶЧԽ
Բ˵ָǰĶſߴٵ㣬ɵ
ϲҶ˵ԹԵڶͷŸ֣ӿĽǶǳԵֵܹһԺ飬Ѹֵնסˣ
ġô󡭡
а֮࣬¿ӵ𺳣
ֻ۾ͬʱƵʱܻеʹǧܱ۾֪ûУ
ͷſ˵Ǳ鹵ʱĳڿǰһӿ
֪֪ˣ
ݺݵ̿ˮתһߣֱӸֵزԼʧ̬ˣֵǶŮ帩Ӿ̫ǿˣҲûһܵˣ
ãУң
ӦֿûмУͬʱͺȵʱĸֻƿ۾ȫû뵽ģÿҲΪܹ򲻻Ҷźƣ
һ˵ţֵ˫־ͷɫĹΣڿ˫ԱˣڲߣԲᵲסߣ
Σֻм񣬿Ÿֻ֣Ǹָΰأرǰ׻ĳ鹵ܿģû취ֵҪֻհ죬ȻƬ̵ʱ䣬Ͷˣ
κһˣҲס˫ŮǰûлǲܵİҲˣһƷŮζģŽǰĵıŮ壬鹵Ժɶֻʼ٣
εǣԵҲɳܵӲˣѿӳһ߸ߵ



44
ڼ䣬񣬿ʻղأͣƱҿ˳ղأʻҲæϣQQȺ162104515ʾֹˣǵһĸ
ſĸ߸ߵ񣬲ɵߺþֻϸ׵СֽסԼͣתͷȥҼ
ľҲһգоڷ̣ʱٿֵķػ鹵æ۾ϡ
ܱ۾
ſ۾ֲɵͺһִʱҲ΢΢ģŷԼ濨ư˵زȫڿˣΪ˼ƣҲֻܼˣоһСƨһҲûʲôлΪԼأ
ңٸҺ˼Ǹ
ֽű뺷˵һ䣬Զʱ΢һ£æԼƽ
ҡ֪ˣ
ֻпЦӦΪд۵ֻܹڴ۾ߣŸǰ˵Ů壡
ֻ
ز
ֻǱȽϴͷѡ

Ÿ궼İŮ壬ֻвϵĴԼŸǾвĻ۾ʼֳʹĸоȸ߾ٵ϶ָԭ״

۽ǸȥˣҲǰһ˵ֻһСƨǿſǸѿӳлûôƽġ
ƼȻƺ˵̫ˣҴߣܿʧȥˣ
ֻǱȽϴͷѡ
ⲻǸֵز
ֻǱȽϴزѡ
ʲô

ܿ죬ĺٴοʼˣû취ôĿŸǰŮ壬ѩ鹵סһѾ˵ˣҲԲˣѪҺٴηŸǾвĻ۾ʹԽǿңҲûˣ
ΪԵܿٴ ߸ߵĶٴΰѿɳһ߸ߵżһ£
ִˡ
ҡҿƲס˰̫̫ˡ
ֻܴϢŶԸֿߵһСİе̾˵˳
ͱ𶯣
ٴεͺȵû˼ȥעֵı飬Բ֪ʱĸѾߺ֮ɫˣ߷ߵģһߵģһ뱻ģҪǴӦ˰ƣˣ
·ǺúýѵСӲɡ
нŭǵһ˸ǰǸأȻǸſӣ
ֻǼ濨۾ģԵĿԸоԼǰĻĿ⣬΢΢ţ۽ǲʱǸ߸߶ƶרأ
ƲרģΪҽߵĴɰû취֮£֮һߵľ˵СǸס

ִˡ⡭⡭
ԭһ߲ҿ򿨿ˣͻȻֵķԸһ ʱ֧֧ͨĿŸֵıӰ֪ǺãΪֵӵ֪ʱҪľƽģҲֵ֪Ѵ
۽Ǽ䲻СǶ񣬾͸оԼС¹ײĿٵͣ
Ҫܾģһ뵽Լ֮ǰ˿͵Ϯ˿ֻߺĵͷҡ֪ˣ
ǰɡ
ԣ˫ͫ΢΢һоŵû뵽Ƹ۾ȻŪH뿪Ҫģǻֲ˵ˣ
ֻǰһ°ˣǾ֣ҪײҪ
һЩа޳ܵ˵ԹԵıտڲˣһ뵽ϸСֵҪ棬ѪҺ͸ӷ辿ô°Ÿֵĺ飿ܾСְĦ
ڿаڴУܿ͸оԼȵĶһ˫Сְסһ㶼ĺݺݵ£

ȵĶһԭڿǸ˫־;ŵķſҲ顯ͣ


45
ڼ䣬񣬿ʻղأͣƱҿ˳ղأʻҲæϣQQȺ162104515ʾֹˣǵڶʻͰ
ˣ㻹ǵһ߰ɣ
ӣֲ̾˿ž˵ѾСˣ15ˣ֪Ů֮ɫˣþʵ̫ãոһʱû뵽ȥˣҪǰæס˿Ļ϶ԾӰģ
һ㶣ֻһ£ͺܿᶨĶŸ˵ִˣûģ
΢㶣Ҳ˵ˣԼˣȻãרĵƣ
˵֮󣬾ٴǰˣ˿֮˫־͸ſץסؾѾ׼ûбȵĵסץס֮󣬾м䰴ȥƽȥ
˫ֿĸоĻȣǸҪΪ˸ֿ԰ĵƣҲΪܹܹõõƣΨİסĻȶȻվ
Ҳһֱߺţתͷһߣҿ򿨿ģ
̵Уľгģţȴǰˬѣ
ǾСְſӻܸо۱ˬء
ǺѣڵĴǰˣ۾ԹעŸֵľ飬˵ǸܾСֵİĦһθоӰ磬ôԸ飡ˬ
ڼ۾ĴʹԿ˵㲻ʲôˣ˵ʹţǿˬû۾ʹˣ
УȻһֱУȴһֱһյУ˭û˵оæס˿ȫ״̬רĵ濨۾
ȴһֱţرǸרעƵ㺹ʱ㺹ʵ鹵棬ǻĻ棬۸
һֱߺһֱͣ濨סǻȵСڼεߺк˼룡
Ҳ֪˶ãһֱȥˣ۾ĴʹȴͻȻʧˣ
ˣ
ֵͺһվֱ¶ͷϸϸ㺹鲼¾ߺ־ûӦż˵Էˣ

ֵ߰һæſһֱס˫֣뿪һǣ˿ˡ
Ҳڵһ¶սæתȥԼСڷźãȻǻȵģ벻߸ߵˣ
֮󣬿ȥԼд۵Ұ֮ǰӵһЩԭڵһ˿ʸҲʧˣ
ļһˣ
һ֪д۵Ĳĳ̶ȣбǼѣ
̫̫ˣ
Ȼûг׽д۵ɿ⣬д۶Բļһ룬Ƿǳ˷ܵģ
㱾ǲһѪдĵĲҪǲһǿֲ࣬òĵĸֻ࣬ǰд۸һ룬ҲֻôˣдĵĲȻǲһ˻Ҫ࣬Ѿûôˣ
ֻɿд۵⣬ͽˣ
ʱֵĽ˵Ҳڿ˵濨Ƶ
Ѿ㹻ˣִˣķǳлл㣡
Կת֣Եĸмͬʱ˷ܵ ؾʩչľһΣҲˣ
ſ˫ͫ΢΢һ˸ͷϸˣģԸУ˲͸һǿҵӾ
ֻӮģлңҪǰĶӵĻҲƵģ
ֻǵ˵ݺݵĿſ㵨ӲСȻҶزͿ˵Ҫô⳥
һ뵽ոյ飬־һߣСӾԲˣоҪ˼ҸУôҲø⳥ʲôģҲԲ˵ȥ


46
ڼ䣬񣬿ʻղأͣƱҿ˳ղأʻҲæϣQQȺ162104515ʾֹˣǵʻͰ

־ȻҪ𣬶ʱߺľһæ˵ٴˣҡҲÿġء
˵󣬾ŷ⻰˵øӵˣ̣סҼ˵ˣ
ִˡ˰ɣ
Բһæ˵ŸǷŭ񣬾һ񺹣ֵı뺷ģһȭͲˣ
ոնŸֵزHڿɲˣҲҿֵĺˣ
ߣԼҪˣҵɱӱܣ
һǣҵȭͷ
һ˵ţѾȭͷˣ
ˣһ⳥ɣִҪʲô⳥˵ɣ
Կ񺹣æ˵ûʲôǱȰϸֵһǹȭӿֲˣ
ãҶİɣĵҾΪֹ
Ƿıóѵ΢Цſ˵ֿǶǿʱˣòܹӮʱ򣬸ˣҪģĵ񫣬ΪֻڿӮһΣ
ô򵥣
Բ΢㶣Ϊʲôأû뵽ô򵥣
ԣĵҹΪֹ
ֿŴ㶵ĿͷȴѾһȲıˣ
ǺãǶʲô
Ӧֻô򵥵飬ûɲӦ
Ǯأö㣡
Ц
һ߿ֳַɫĸ֣æվ˳
ִˡЩǮȫô죿
ÿθֶǮֹģֻûһЧˣ
ˣôܣСҲñҺö٣ҪӮҵǮûôףͲҪ˵ˣҿǻûӮҪӮУ
Էһ˷ܣ
ֻܱܣԹԵ˵һߣ
ǿڰУٴζζĵľǮˣ
֮ǰֹһĻһˣ˲ڶ˭һƴ˭ȽϲƵģ
Ȼܵ˵ǿӮҲ˵ģӮò࣬ΪܹӮ֣˷ܵĲѣͲǮһ£ҪľֶĲĴ̼һֱֶ񫣬ᵽĲĴ̼ʱʱӮһѣ˷ܵòˣ
ûУӮˣ

񫣬
һֱĵ㣬ᵽ⳥ˣ˺棬ȫȻζˣǿһ˷ܵı飬ֻ΢飬ŮǣӮǮûһ˵ģ
ΨһԿ˵мģǿԿ˷ܸ˵ģˣ
Ȼ࣬ڸֵĲ϶֮£ֵܿͼˣߵӵʱ򣬸ֵԭŵǮҲˣܹӮô죬ҪǺ濨תˣ
Ǹ
Ÿǻûжɹı飬ֻСĵʵִˣѾˣĹ˰ɣ
Ȼˣﻹû湻أ
ŭתͷž˵ûǮҪ
Ѿˣִˣ
һЦ˵б군ˣ
 ˣҲİѾˣûǮˣ
ûǮˣһŽѵ˷ܣæ˵
УûǮҲҪģﻹûôأСȽǮң
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ڼ䣬񣬿ʻղأͣƱҿ˳ղأʻҲæϣQQȺ162104515ʾֹˣǵĸһʻͰ

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ڼ䣬񣬿ʻղأͣƱҿ˳ղأʻҲæϣQQȺ162104515ʾֹˣǵϣʻͰ
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49
ڼ䣬񣬿ʻղأͣƱҿ˳ղأʻҲæϣQQȺ162104515
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ڼ䣬񣬿ʻղأͣƱҿ˳ղأʻҲæϣQQȺ162104515
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ľҶĶûɣ
ľҶĶӣˮŵĵӣ12͵Ȼأ
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죡㰡


53
ڼ䣬񣬿ʻղأͣƱҿ˳ղأʻҲæϣQQȺ162104515
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ǵһοŮʱĺ죬ɵö࿴˼ۣ13ѾкŮˣǰһŮǹĹĵģղ϶٣
ڿʱ򣬺ҲǳĴſһ˿ݣ˵˹ڿŴ˵ˣ
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յȷϣһӾյĴƵģȻСһ꣬ҲѿǰˣϲĶſ˵еĳ֮ɫŨ12͵ˣҸͬһ꼶̿Զûͨأ
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һֱ˵տźȻĵĸеζŨʱϲŽл˺һˣ
ոոʲôˣˣ
żյĴڣæ˼һǸĿ˵

տһǸĺҲ÷ŭοҲ÷ŭԱأôһ
ŶǶȥߵˣҪִһC񣡡
Ŷһ͵һĿոʵǰһôģ
ҡ
΢죬˼˵ǸԼģ
ҸԼأ
ղ˼˵ԱȴǴ󷽵ЦŸ˵
Աߵʱ죬ҿˣȴ۲ѣǰǵԼˣҲǳϸһˣ뵽յķıǿٵͣ˻ûȷ˹ϵأ

ԲɳԾľһ΢ſɰС쿴˿գŷǴƽʱ·ģոǾĴ÷ǳƯŷԭŵյԼˣ
˼Ҳ֪Լᣬ򡭡ŵˡ
ӵĶո˵΢죬ЩΣиûɵĸоһ΢΢ʧ䣬û뵽ȻϲˣһѧУʱĺգ
ǸҾˣˡ
С˵һ֮󣬾תĿˣ˼ſյԼˣ
Ǽǰ̫ˣȻûвԼᣡ
ܵĺв΢΢š
ոǰ˻䣡
мֹΪһеˣȴһЩ΢ᣬ˭֪Լżϲ˶ģ


54
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ںߺͻȻתͷſʵſƺĿźıӰշı΢΢ᣡ
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Цŵ
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ֻװ㶣漴תƻ⣬߰ɣȥԶȻҴȥط
һ˵ţסյķСֱǰһܽȥ
ԭҪգоԼСֱץס΢΢һʱ˵ʲôˣѾһͻռˣȻǣˣոտǰԼᣬľ͸ˣոһ˿ʱ׵ȥˣ
Ҫȥ
һܳԱ֮󣬿ʹķȥˣոԱ߲ɺʵȻܳˣȴľҶ巶Χڣ
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ܿ죬յбҫӼɫģһѧˮݵģսһֱվԱߣٵĻָ
մûһһϣԼϽѧĲˮݵģֻΪ
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ſһ̲סˣھ⣡
֪һֱϲң
յٴθף߽ǰͻȻİս뻳У

ֻǳߵľһԸоԼķĶҪһĶͻҸûˣϵĳԾܿתķĵĿЦݣһ˫ϸַѿĻס


55
ڼ䣬񣬿ʻղأͣƱҿ˳ղأʻҲæϣQQȺ162104515
ĸǵһʻͰС㶯
ʱգѾȥ뿨תΪʲôôˣǰĿӦòģ
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˫ֽסϸС䣬Ǽ㷢ϵ㻹ϵĵ㣬ǰѹһ԰ͦŮ壬ֻеǳ⣬ȴһ˼붼ûУֻǵҪıգ
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һ뵽Щվ͸о˺ѰܣϲûҲǳҪһ𣬳ΪŮѣԲҪӵĽҪǿĵϲΪӦǲĳŵ
ԿȻû뵽ƿΪԭ򣡶ôҪ׷ԼҪİոϲˣ
ǿǸ
аԭˣһʼԽʱǱԭĿˣŻܾյı׵ģصǸԼ鷳ˣ
գ˵ҲΪӦҪػһӵģΪϲ㣡
󿨿Ŀ˵ʱһҪ˵УȻվϲҲܸܿܲһģ
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ͨˣҲϣҽģԲػģ
ոҲܵҵ˰ɣȫΪӿٶȵģϲҪһ𣬶ΪӦ˴Ҫػԭ򣡡
յʣҲľΪԼȻЩʵϲյȷʵ
գһܶûУ֤ԼĶĵĻ
桭ģ
Щŵ૵ϲĿſſո˵ĻϾ˿ˣϾͱͻҸˣ˫۵ˮҲҸ
һţѾ̲ס˽ĻˣҸˮڿҫ⣡

ں˿͹ȥˣȻЩǣǿǿ϶ᷢ©ˣ
ȻˣϴӦûУ
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󿨿ٴνտϲϽǷǳĽŵģٵһӾͱڿеղˣ
ţ
֪ϲԼģôܻܾҸڿбһһ˷ܵߺ죬ɰ˼ˣ
տɰӣûܰѳסˣԼ˫ǶյƬӡȥ


56
ʮ ڼ䣬񣬿ʻղأͣƱҿ˳ղأʻҲæϣQQȺ162104515
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⧲֮£յͫ˲ɴ󣬿̳ Ҫ뿪ĻȴǸպñ˫һǰһлţ
 
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ԼҪϵĵط֣˫ֱλ˵괥жʱĳ˫ָ̰һֻֽһֻֽŮ󣬵ˬòˣ
յҲᣬŮ˵һαԵģܿͻܵģǱǿȵģ
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ԭôġ
Ȼ֮վĬ˿ĸˣֻͨ죬ҲǶݺݵʶ˿ɫһ棡ֻյĽ˶٣ĻûУеϲԭվ͵Ŀһƽʱ᲻ŵģԼ׵ˣ
һǷʽǣֱǵտҪιȥˣķſյģ
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ڿѰûҪһҰɣ
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Уʦĸ̹ҵģԼϲ̫׵õԼУ
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û뵽Ȼʦĸνյģյ֪ʱ֮ҪƵҲǲ׵ˣΪʦĸôܲкԼϹĵأ
ξˣ´λҵĻҪȵõУ
ſһԱӣձʮֿĵЦ飬ÿ޲úݺȥǿһǲԵΣ
ûжհ׷֣ͶǿֶξͲˣеʱ䣬ôһСѾͷأŮ˴ֻз˹̵ܽķݣ


57
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ԺҪĻɣÿһҲ̫ˣ
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仰ǷϻˣڴҲһˮĵطģֻûˣʵ˵ԸĻҲ԰ᵽļסģոȷϹϵǻ˵
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տſ˫ְְţſЦ
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ڲܿ˵ʲôնҸĵͷˣ
յ֣ʹСϹȥˣȥһЩƯֺĵطҲɿС֣ûΪûͬǣֶô֮ǰ˵Щֻǲ뿨̫ˣŮԵ֣
죬ǿշǳĵһˣ˵ĸҲΪεԼӣϵҲȷˣ
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µһںܿ쵽ˮڴӴ󲿷ֵǰ˵ĴӰˣֻлӰܴĻӰۣ˧òˣ
Ӱ֪ûеϻӰһ죡
ĵĴӰˮţвĽ뵽ԭм䣬ڵĿڳΪӰޱȵģǿǳΪһ̴ߵʵλ
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ĵĴӰˮ㶳󿨿бǰľţ˫ȭǽţΪĿ꣬һŬģԭĿǷϣ٣ڸǰ˵һΪӰģ˵ĻһҪ


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ڷŭͬʱǲͬʱҲеĪ벻ףһոս̵Сôӹǲ˵׷ɱģܻǲɱˣ
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59
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ǵľܣӦǵȴǿѪɱֻӰܵӾһնɱˣеѪ߿⡣
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ɱʮ֮󣬿Ͳе̴߹ǲ΢΢һ̣Ǽһ
ǱĻ쵰ȻǴɱˣ
߻ûѾŭˣ漴ӵʱ䣬һ̾ͰѿΧˣ
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һʵʵĲȻô󣡡
Χסһŵı鶼ûУ˵ŭĿҲмᣬվмЦһ
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мʵĵֱŭģӶˣȻҲŭգȴ𾪣û뵽һ۾Ϳǵʵ
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ʵĵ̣ȴסˣ֪ǸǲĸôôҪ֪ͨˣ
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նǿ˺ٽһɱʽ󳷣Ȼٺòˣ
꣡
ֻӰһһӾͶź󳷵ĵСҰնȥСҰףͫһеľǾ֮ɫԷ̫ˣû취أ

ֻǿĹȻ̸סˣһСҰıˣ
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Ȼ̵˿ĹԷȴΪܲסӱɳȥСҰϣСҰҲײˣһǱĹڵϣ
ǿԼͬ˲䱻䣬ʣµ̲𾪵ķʵ֮ǿ׸ո̴ΪʲôСҰˣ
СҰ졭
̴ӵһԾ֮󣬱ǶСҰ
꣡
ȻȶԷ˵꣬һ̵͸Ȼֹˣг˲ŵĵͷԼಿλһ̫⴩͸ȫޣе𽥻ɢ
·ϴˡ
ŵǰո̧ͷСҰ˫Ŀ͵һŵ̱
꣡
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·ϴˣСҰ
ͬ鱻ɱʣµ̱еԸӣ벻ĵ˾Ȼôǵ·ϴ˶Էһնɱˣ
ɱ֮ûκͣžͰҲնɱˣ
ˣյгȥˣ
ɱ֮󣬱ĵһѵջصУ΢΢̧ͷͿԶ߸ˣǲ΢΢һ̣ˣֻһյгɹĿܣܹɱɱ
ಣ
ſװ˵ģǱӴܳȥ

·ǡ
·Ǳɱˡ
·ǱɱĵطϱǾŭһϷӴȥĿ
׷
ӶԷҲˣһҪɱɣ
ȷֿĵ̣ҧгݵŭһȶſ׷ȥˣ
״Ҳǽųȥ
ȻͻȻȴ뵽ʲôͻȻֳͣһȥżſ׷ȥ
ڼ䣬񣬿ʻղأͣƱҿ˳ղأʻҲæϣQQȺ162104515
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ˣܺã
һӴܵĿһĵû׷˱˳΢΢
һ·ߣһ·׷Ͽϣܿͳ˵̴壡
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̷׷ҧŭ
˴ӲԶ֮󣬿ӰڻǱ׷ˣĲȷʵˣ
εն
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飡
ڹ֮󣬿Ӱصһɢˣ̼״ʱһ㶣
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ȻתԷ뿪ͼǰһǿҵâҫˣ߶һʱʧˣ
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ӵսȫɱ˵̴ֻʣ°ˣ
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ǵ̴ľҶԩ޳ΪʲôҪɱǵĴߣ
һ̿ſ˫ͫ΢΢һ۵֮΢΢һ漴ſߺȵʵǰʹñҲûжôģԴʱǰǿװӣϾͱϳˣ
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ԣһ˾ܰŰˣ
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ԿĹʩչһǰĵ͹һСǰڣֻǸC˲٣
ۣ
ûЧãǺܳɹ赲¿ĹڿնƿʱȻԾܿˣ
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һܵĵҲ⵽һ³ˣճ̣Աɱ
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ԭɱеĿ˲͸оһɲգϾ д۶򿪳ˣ
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д֮󣬿𾪵Ļ׿һ棬֪ʱѾһ棬ҿԷװҲǵ̣ǵ̵Ļһı־
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ŶԷصĵʳԷӸ鱨ϿĲ࣬˧Էܹûз³֣˵ʵԼˣ뵽΢΢һ
ľҶİӹ󣬾Ȼҽ뵽ҵĴɱˣһô̵ʱɱôߣ
̴㿴ſ޳ֻȴǳɱ֮⣬ŭУһֱ̣̣Ͳĵ̴˵ȫһشĴ
һ˵ţһ޵ķڷѣƮԭӢӿ䣡
ֻǿЩֻԽأ
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ɱôߣȥɣ
̴ɲǼڿݵ
꣡
ڿĵ̴㣬һѿ޾Ͷſڵ󱳺ݺݴ룡
飡
еĿȴǱһ׮ľ׮ԾͬʱѾӡˣԲܿ˶ԷĹ
ս鲻
ʩչˣ̴Ҳ֮ɫ漴һЦ
ֻٶȿģ
׶ݡǧ񣡡
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꣡
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ҳٶǺܿ죬ҵĻǲ˵㣡ĹǿҲǲҵģ
̴Ӱһ֣߳𾪵ĿɵЦٶȣһֱĽˣ
취ˣ
֪Էٶ֮󣬿ѾųͷˣĲĹˣ״̬Ե̴Բǵѡ
ߣٶûҿֻø죡
ƿ˿ͼЦ
˸ȵģ
вɱһ˫ȭգû뵽Էո͸ĵ̵Ļˣеķŭ֪
ڼ䣬񣬿ʻղأͣƱҿ˳ղأʻҲæϣQQȺ162104515
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бŭȴûʧȥ侲֪ʵҲ̴˵һٶûжԷ죬һζֻøң
ӣɱ㻹ô
ſϱЦһӵŵ̴նȥ
αն
ʩչնʱ򣬿кʽƶ˸α֣ΪãľһʩչģնԼ˸α֣
ߣ
ԿĹ̴ֻһûб嵽̴㻹ѡܣ
ಣ
ֻһӰͱܿˣ״αնĺû׷ȥͣӰΪٶʵ̫ˣʩչαնٶȸܿԷʩչľпܣڽҪͷǲóȻʩչľģ
ٶȣҲҸ浶
Զķ㣬ĿſЦһͰѱ̫˳ȿеĸӾϸ̣ɢѪĺ⣡
쫷֮壡
ֻ˫ֽӡͺһϾӿһɹ쫷

״һݣʩչĵӰ׵׵һ˵ǶԷѪ޽ˣ
꣡
ŷе̫ӰʧҲΪӵд۲ܿԷƶۼҲģɼԷٶжˣ
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Ĺպñסˣʯҫ˫ͫ΢΢һû뵽ĹˣľҶİԱ
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һ߸㽻֣һ侲ķŷ
ֻܱԶԷһöûУٵӱˣ
˷ԼĴ֮󣬿вٴΰһ
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Щûõģֻӳʱˣֲ˶õģһھȥģ
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ͣ
ﬣ
˵ĽֻڲϵļţսϷӰƺʧһֻÿιʱŻһɫӰӣٶȿ쵽£쵽˵۾ûа취׽ƶĺۼˣ
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ۣ
ʱƣûܷסĹˣֱ۱ĵˣӵʱڣϾͶʮСС˿ڣȻȫֻƤ֮ˣ˿ڣҲÿѪ߰ˣǱѣ

ģҲһɱģ
һһһİնɱģ
һ߹ſһ߲ϵĿЦƺŰ˶˵һַǳˬܣ
ģ
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˲СΣϼܸԡ
Сĵ屾С˵˰ɣһıͬС˵ˣСԼеԺǰһʼдʱ򣬸û뵽찡Ӱ֮¹衷֮Ӱ֮а۽١֮ʵлһ·ֵ֧ǣرǴСĵһ顶Ӱ֮¹衷Ϳʼ֧СǣСָм
ûǵ֧֣ͲСĽ죡
ȻҲл¬С˵ģûз¬С˵СǷдˣҲͲдͬС˵ˣΪͬС˵Сڣڱûκελܲм
лл֧СˣǶȺһԱûнȺĸϽȺˣ500˵಻࣬ܿͻԱˣȺţ162104515ⱾСдб֮ǰıеĸϷӶ࣬Ůĸ鿴ӵʵŷҲͬҪǶԼΪһСдԭ׼ֿ˫Ը񣬲Сд磡
СⱾеУ˵ϵˣΪֻԭĶѣСûмκԼ趨ȥ
ΪСãҿӰӰ˵ԻͷִĻӰͬҲ
С֤ŬдõģⱾСᾡдû©֣ҲСֵԺģԱ˵СܶԻӰ˽ĻȽ϶һɣ
дǿһǾ鿪ʼǰԺܶණҪϣдһˣСҪεĲ鿴Ǹ˵ϣҲ˸ٶȵĻ˵ⱾҲд˺ܶ࣡
СģⱾдãٴһ
Ҳ˵ôˣСǺ˽ˣдĶǲʧģ
7һϼܣҶ֧֣ʻͣղأۣ߸Ʊʲôһɣþ羮ʽģ
7£ҲǺܶٵһ£ҵɣǿ2012£
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䣡
ڿʩչľɲǣǿ絶һ˵ƱǴӿϱ漴ͼе̫ӭŷĹϮϣ
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ôܡ
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˵зһ˴ڣû취ˣΪ벻ɱԷİ취ľκβ˶Էˣ
֮ǰ˲ܹжԷȫΪԷˣʩչˡ쫷֮նνӲ£
ٴζϷ Է϶ʩչʽˣһǵŹٶĥģľӵٶȵķҲûв
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̧ͷĿͻȻ˷֣
յı仯ԭ֪ʱѾ΢΢˿˿Ҳʼ۶ɣȻ࣬Ƕ仯ҲйоĿ֪һ꽫ή٣
յҲƺӳճ˿ʱдգ
У˸ԥɣ
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񲻹ôҶһҪɣ
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ϼܵһ7µһ죬ֹ
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յı仯ԭ֪ʱѾ΢΢˿˿Ҳʼ۶ɣȻ࣬Ƕ仯ҲйоĿ֪һ꽫ή٣
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У˸ԥɣ
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дڵǻϢָţ

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һɫ̷ŷʵĻͻ֪Ҳǵ̴֮һ٣鱨һ֣
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΢΢һЩʵ˵

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Ļش𣬴ӵ˸𾪲ѣг֮ɫ
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칫֮ǰһߺһ
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ˣʲôC𣿡
ɽıʱһϲæʵ̴˵и߼ģһЩ̣C񶼺ٽӵ
BҪҪǹغǵ̴񣡡

Ļɽıʱסˣû뵽ҪľȻôһص
ԭҾͲ˵ˣ֪֪ݾˣ
Ҫǰ̴壬̴֧Ԯ
Ҳɽľȣһ˵ţһߴӰ칫̨һž
ɽôصӣҲҵæȥˣ̴ķȥ
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ݡ
ͷĿ˵̴һۣͻȻӡʩչһһӿĿݺݵĺڵ̴棡

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ŵ̴Ѿ׵ıݻˣŲ뿪
ɱ̴ˣ
һ뿪һ߸̾ǵһִȫһ̴أ
뿪ĿȷĸоԼˣıˣڶԵеʱ򣬿ԱøӵѪˣ
صӵʱϵϢݺݵһѾսôˣûиܵôǿҵɷ
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ðɣ˶ο˰ɣȥϴ裬ұкܶ˿ϴҪæ
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صļУԡпʮ ˿ʱյ˫΢Ҳ˲ÿӶˣæ濨ϴЩ˿ڣ
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Բ΢΢һЦʲôֻҪŲ֪ˣĴӰ֪ĻҲôģ
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գҵȻֵģѾҵŮˣԺҲֻҵŮˣ
ЩԵĶź˵ɽܲ˺ԺһȻ̸ϰϺˣռ˺֮ҲѾϲϺˣ

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Ӱİһľβûüͱݽȥˣ
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ûκ⣬Ӱеľ޴𹿰ȼ棬ݺݵıɨھβϣһӾͰѾβθȥ
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βľ޿˲ʹӰһԶ˱뺷һĻľҶдкòѣɶľβҲô³
ǰӰ뺷ıҲǰѣҲǴû뵽Ӱôǿ󰡣

ֻǾβǿҲ˵ϣյӰػľβһӾʹӵ˫ȼŭųӰ
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һȥ֮󣬾βӶžβͱǶӰɨȥӰæסӰȴٴαβɨɳȥ

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ɶ񣡡
Ӱ״ŭһϻӶž޴Ľ𹿰žβȥ
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Ӱβͬʱβʵ̫ƻˣӲƻľҶɱΪȻܹǣסβȴܻᱻˣȥĻľҶǵ꣡
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ӰΨаϣĴӰˮŵˣֻҪˮˣˮֵĻ϶ܰѾβ˵ģ
ҲǼһֹؼʱҲڴӡ
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ԭҲӦñסĲŶԣΪŲ ͨߵݸֳģ
ЦһΪŰ·ȴû˳սͷ϶ҪŲȥѵˣֻǿں
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ʦڸսɣֳܷܿʤˣ̶̵ʱ䣬һҪǣסβУ
аԲϣԭķչϣҪƫһ㣬βںľҶϣӾ군ˣҴ߾Բģ
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ڿעУǿβڣȻವһʧˣ
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ӰſæſͺһεսǶԵսһ߶ǲսģ
Ӱ˵֮Ҳȿش𣬾ٴγβˣһǣƾβҪǣסĴӰˣӰҲ֪ʰ˾βģʩչʬ⾡ĴӰأûҪ
Ӱһ̣ʩչס˾βĶβӰͣã
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Ӱҧͺȵ˴
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93
ߴߴߴߴ
ǧڿУɫ׵ҫ۳һԲΣҲ˿˿׵쳣ǿ
ʩչĶȻӰǣееʱ򣬸ͫ΢΢һ𾪲ѣ
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ȻܹʵԵ׵ܼС
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ڼȻеʱԶɭϲһЩո죬΢΢һоĿſıӰû뵽ȻֱھβǰˣӻҪβϣôܹˣ
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Ӱĵطֻһɫ׵磡
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βڵľβĹ˫ͫҲ΢΢һŭͬеһЩļ£̶ֳȵϵĻǷǳʹģ

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оβ°͵Ȼ쳹ƺסһе˶סǰһĻڴĹǴϲ
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егɹоβ°ͣǿϲȻβܲˣ󿨿Ǵһе кȻӦе
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ֻеУβ°֮󣬺ݺݵıǱƿǿĴųǿʴԵ׵ʴֻ˲䣬βԴͱ׵ƽ֯ţ°͵λãһֱһ׵ĲλȫʴһĿն

βܴػȻŭţеβҲʧˣ
ǰһĻȻϲȻɹˣܵǰβı꣬æأӾʹŭµľβҪڶ̵ˣ
ͬʱβ°ԭĲλҲٴ۳ˣûһǿȴܺĸоβòСһˣ
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ββھȻˡ
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ʩչǿشβѾββ۴ϣڳľͷҲǸнкã¶ϲ֮ɫһ̣˶ΪǵľҶסˣ
ӰһҲϲűǿЦΪβŭǸоϾҪסβˣ
á
ѹƲסˡ
βҪƿǵˡ

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β֮ŭһ˫۳ȼ ŭʱصĿӳǰצȥǰĿɶȻٵСܵǰδеʹβŭֻҪ˺ѿ

ӰβæſһӰͬʱӶž޴𹿰βϣƻ˾βɹβڣܿſβģ
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ӰѣڻûصʱѾ˫ֽӡˣصɲǣ˲ʩչ֮ˣԭֻһ׮ľ׮
䣡
βеģֻ׮ľ׮ھβĹ˲𣬱ȼˣ

ʱӰҲβǰˣŭһ޴Ľ𹿰Ͷžβɨȥ


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á
ӰԻͷһɫʱѿ
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95
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Ӱ׵ףʲôʱѧģ
Ӱҫ׵͵ʧٶȾҲеգжʱ𾪳
׵ӳϣٶȿ쵽ֲ˼ĳ̶ȣӰֻӰϼľҶҲС鿪ûзɹȴû뵽ڿϼˣ
ֱӰİҲǵɴ۾ţ
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ͬʱӦӰ˵ǾͿ϶ᱣܵģ
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ڿǰȻʵԵɫǿĵطȫӰѾʵԵĲ翨۳׵ȣǵķԹߣܹ۳ʵԲ׵ȸõƿأ
˵ǿץסһȻڿҺʱܼ򵥵ץסһǾһЧ
㼱ٵĸоˬִ쭳Ҳûô찡
׵㼱ٵʹ죬һ߿ٵ򲨷ˮڵķλϣֻӲʱ䣬θˮŻоβڵĵطˣ
硤ɣ
һ֣ôһ´󼱣ӰҲֱֹͣӾͳδ͵Ľˣ
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ͣ󣬲ע⵽βֻʱľβȫţЩǴӾεӳģǵһμƺβھʱҲǱסģ
žһɫ԰׵գǸеĵһʹͬҲǷŭѣԼеŮ񣬾Ȼ˺ģˣ
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ûµģ
ȻѧӰҵĵأʦΪ٣
ˮĻûֱӻشתſ̾ôԵĸе˵ģ
ۣ
ʱһӤĿȴͻȻˣŷָոճӤھεԱߣ
ڱϣȴβʦ㣡
˵Ŀˮæſ˵һεˣ
ŲˮŸ˵ĶԻԭһֻڱϿţˮŵļƻʱҲɸ̾ˮŵĹ ԼʵУˮҪѾĲӡڵʱ򣬿̲סˣ
ʦа취ʦĸ
ʲô˵ʲô
ˮԶʱĻͷ򿨿𾪲ѣ۵֮пϲ֮ɫ֣

Ҳ𾪵ĿſⲻѣĿԲĻܹ˳ɳڴˣ
ľиֻҪ껹ڣܸֻǡ
æͷ
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ˮҲȥɿ˵Ļʵˣæʵ
ֻһûѧᣬƻҪʱѧᣬʦĸȲǸʱˡ
ŲĵʵҲˣмƻҲ֪žεʬ壬ܸܲ


96
û⣬ҿǷӡεһ
ˮ˸£ԥҧſ

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УˮҲҪӡҲˡ
ˮŵĶԻһæҪˮˣȴţ
ʦĸҾͽˣһҪ
ˮȴǲشΣֻǸĿһ۾Σſ˵
ʦģһػʦĸģ
пϲû뵽пͨһӡǷӡæŲˮű֤˾Բ˵ѣ
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һ߾
飡
Ȼλû˵꣬ˮžһεһֵѾλ˹ȥѽЩĽƽڵϣ
ԲˡΡ
žλԹȥӣˮųǸһΪ˾οԻţþԸ˳󣬲ˮŵľ쳣ļᶨȻ֪˵٣ǵһʱ䲨ˮžѡſ̵˿ôʱ䣬֪Բ˵ѵģ
סҵĽӡƣ⿪ӡƷʩչˣ
󲨷ˮſҶһ˫ֿٵĽӡһ߶ſ˵
ԲҴ⣬дϸĿŲˮŵĶӵд۵ȫ԰ѲˮŵƸȻҲʩչǷӡʩչ⿪ǷӡǿԵģ
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ĸҴ⣬ϽӹصղǷӡʦĸ氡еŮ
ھֵɲǣ˿ˣƻɹˣҪΣͿĺƻܲܳɹˣԴҲұ̫ϣֻҪһ˿˿ϣԼȥƴģ
ǣʦҾƴҲģ
оȻͬʱ ҲͬصĶŲˮű֤
ı飬ˮҲ˿Ȼŵ;Իȥʵеˣ

Ȼڿˮ˶ԻʱʱľβȴΪεʧСŭһͶŲˮŸˣ
ˮСģ
һԭǺӰˣžβĹǾ

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ͣ
žβһֻצǴ͸˲ˮŵ壡
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ӰŲˮܴˣȫ
飡
ӰǼҪУϧ絲ˣ
ɶ񡭡
Ӱ絯֮󣬲ɼŭһȴ޿κΣֻܿĲˮϵѪϵĵ
ǺǣûµģѾ׼ˣ
ԾĿˮȴǶſһЦ
ʬ⾡
ŲˮͻȻʩչʬ⾡һӰʱڲˮŵ֣ӰֻвˮŸβܹпд۵Ŀ
Ǹģʬ⾡ô
Ӱ𾪵һĳ֣ȴԿˮʩչʬ⾡ֵķģӶ֪ʩչʬ⾡֮
𡭡
ĳ֣βʱŭߺҪȴǷԼצӹڲˮϣˮŸǿĵʬ⾡ţͳ鲻
ǺǣѲ˵ģ
ھβʱĲˮŻЦһ
꣡
ˮŵĻһ䣬ڲˮŵĸоһԽץס˾β壡
Ҹո˵ҪһĲӡڣһͷӡˣ
ץסβ֮󣬲ˮͻȻǶſ˵
ˣģʻƱܿͻǿаˣ


97

Զʱɴ۾Լģû뵽ˮžȻ˵ҪѾβһӡڣһʱе㷴Ӧ
ģʦӡֻǾβһûоβʶĲģ㲻ֻα
ȣˮŻΪԸΪβæſ͵
е˿ΪҵһˣԸԼĶܣҲȺˣ
ΪαڱβƷӡΣգȴᱻβаӰ죬пܻΪֻ֪ƻаߣʦ㣬һѹסβаʶģ
ˮŽŶſ͵
ˮǴѾβһӡԼڵģԼʧĻֻҪڵľβƷӡһԲԶ䣬ֻеβͻƷӡŻᱻľβۣ
뵽УǸ⣬ˮŸı뷨ܹõβĲǾ͸òˣΪεĸҪǲˮ֪ĲΪд۵Ĺϵʮϡ٣βĲȴǸպÿֲĲȱˣܹﵽӵ飬ˮſ϶岻ݴǵģ
ǣʦ
ˮżͣҲ֪ʱȣûκԥĶŲˮŵͷӦæˮŵǰ
ˮŲаẦ˿ģ
Ӱڽ֤һУɾĲ뿴ΪģʹſԺ˶ᱻβĲˣ
ǾȻľҵſ
ԭ
ѹָոǺĴӰΪʦˣԭǿ
ӰӰĻҲɰȣ֪˿ݣж𾪲ѣǿǼ֮ǰıֵˣܹشβ׶ݣӰ׵һ
Ȼ֪˿ݣûеõӰϿɵĻǾԲй¶ȥģɫǳ𾴵ĿſӰΪ˴ӣȻԸԼΪβ
飡
Եĸ֪ԼϵţӰߵ֪ǲͬ ģӰûһԸΪȴĽѾˣԼܹΪ˵еֻαҲ˷ܵˣ
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ˮԸ˵˵ɫصĿʼʩչӡ
ž
ˮһִֻڿļϣ漴ͺһ
ʬ⾡
꣡
ļˮŸץסβͻȻͰѾβһ˹ڣ

˲䱻һɾ޴ĲУоԼ嶼ҪűһɵҽгͷϾε亹ôҲ벻ӡȻʹģ
䣡
Ȼʹֻһ˲飬ȴǸо˼һֱӡȫɣŹϵĴϢţڴڵĺţ
Լĸ֪ʱ·ѿˣһӡ棬ĸ֪һǿģаĲͱӡԼĸϣ
ɡɹˡ
Լϵķӡܵһ̧ͷβķϾͷ־βСһСˣΪβӡԼˣ
Ȼƺûпܣ㻹ҪסҪһ԰ڵľβһգǽǾβаʶǿʱɹȥãҲǾβӴȫʧȥֻΪʧȥĵаˣ
ˮŵĵٴڿ
ǣʦ
ĵͷǲ뱻βʶħˣʧȥβ鷢ģ
ʱ䲻ˣҪϽɰԷӡУ
Ļش𣬲ˮŷĵһæ˵ǰʼʩչԷӡ
ˣְ֣Ժǻټģ
ӤˣˮŶ˳˵һͽӡʩչ˰Էӡ
Էӡ
꣡
ǿһβͳʧˣˮڵĲƺҲһȫʧˣʧȥϢڵϣ
ۡ
ƺ˸׵뿪ʼ۴


98
βϮľҶһսϢܿڸϢ̽磬ڶ̽׷ֻкã
ԭľҶڵ̽սʵǿʢˣûһ̴ܹ俹⣬ξβϮľҶǸеޱȵʹ죬ľҶһȻǵһ̴壬ȴû֮ǰǸеɺˣ
úãʵ̫ˣľҶڱһˣ
̴УӰͷӴľҰ֪ľҶϢ֮󣬱ǹЦ
ϧǴڳ鲻֣ȻĻ϶ҪľҶÿѣ
ŴľҰźĺ޺һ̴ȫ鲻ҪǿԵĻԻźƽԼģȻľҶ˴شٴιľҶ
ãľҶǴӺд³Ҳǻã
ɰ̴УĴӰҰ޵ĸ׵֪ľҶβϮϢ֮ҲˬĴкá
ϢеĴ֪ô˷һ£ҷѧϰԺǴӻҪľҶ
Ӱ˵ĴӰȴźľҶĻᶼûУΪǴڱ˵鲻ˣ־Ѿزˣ
ɰ̴ҪǷչǽˣ
ϰеټأ̴ֵϳˣ
̴Ӱڵ֪ľҶβϮϢ֮һӾܵվ
һں̴ͶľҶй
ӰϵľˣľҶش̴ľҶȡ޵һ̴ͷʱˣ
̴еӰӰӰڵõľҶβϮϢӦһȴͬ ˷ܣӰӰûа취ľҶӰȴǹȻ׼ľҶˣһսƺҪˣ
̴ͬ壬ʱȴҵУӳ鲻ʱľҶ֮ս£
ľҶ⼸ʱ䣬ΪĴӰľҶǾٰ¡ص֮ӰͳִƻӰְˣ
һ㣬ľҶеȫʾֵ֧ģΨŲز֧֣ӰٶûԭΪˮһľҶܹԦӰ֮λˣû뵽Ѿ۵Ӱȴܳĺ£
쵰̫ˣʵ̫ˣ
ŲڰУڻǾ仰ߣӰϻӰλãȷˣ
ǣΪʲô첻ҵȻܵսȥˣ
ŭ֮ŲſǰĿʳ
ػľҶΪְҲΪһԱְ𣡡
Ųأûһ㺦£ֱŲؿ˵
ʱ䣬ϵʺڷӡŵľβҲӶβаϢӰţȻסԼʶԸ棬ǱӰ˲٣룬ŲˣǰԼĲˬѹͲˣ
㡭
֪ڸ˭˵𣿡
ȻôòشŲҲܿ˵ĻûеվǶſŭȳӰѾˣ񿨿ȻȻȨŲը
һϲļһˣ
ŷŭŲأûҪ˼һӵĿŲص˵
˶ȻҶϷ˲
ĻŲŭɶӰʧ⵽ӣŭ֮£ȻŲЩʧȥԣŭĶſӡʩչ
ݡ񣡡
һŲصǰۣſȥ
ߣ
εαն
ŲصĹһαնӭȥһӾͰŲصķݸնƿˣ
ݡղ
նŲٴξͶſʩչһȥһķжſиȥ
飡
Ųصٶ̫죬¿ʩչʱ䶼ûУֻܺᵶסʱ˳ȥ
ŲëȻ򵥰ʵһʵԱȵģ
˺вɰһűһЦɲǿʵ
׶ݡǧɾ
Ųص棬 űʩչǧɾҫɫĲ
꣡
α˲СΣ
ǧɾ״̬£Ųرһα˲նȥٶȶȵ˲ˣ
飡
ŲصӰȴǻľ׮ʧˣ
ݡ｣


99
ŲصӰڿֺбץһ｣ݼӳ棬ſȥ
ͣ
ӳ˷ݵ｣ӵķ񣬾ʯ׵иƿ̶쳹ţһʮö｣һӾ˿
ಣ
ŲصĹѸٵҫ뿪ŲصĹȫˣ
ߣӰ׵ôҾͿάֶã
Ųûû⣬ֻ֪߳ģûӰĲάֲ˶೤ʱģֻҪĲһգ;ԲĶ֣
ŲѹûѿУ
ߺߣ𣡡
ҵĲǲ֮࣬ǰɱ㻹׾ٵģ
ԿŲӵߣɺЦ
ͣ
ſ˫ֽӡ
׶ݡУ
ߴߴߴߴ
۵ɫâǧ쳹ɢǿϢнűǱץֵУ
ʲô
еУŲصͫʱ΢΢һ׶֮ǰش˾β׶ݣ
׵׼Ļ
һ뵽ͬʱʩչʹãŲؾͻȻеһɾ޴ѹ亹ֱԭһֱСģڲŷ֣٣Ĳ֮ǰкܴĿشɱģ뵽Ųؾ͸еķǳܣʣʵ̫ˣ
ôзģ
Ų亹ֱ̾ѣͬʱҲǷǳĵģǲ֪ľҶģĻ
ľҶľҶֹ߽ڶ뱻Ϊ̲ɣ
ŲؿſͻȻĶſͺȳʱŲѾ侲ˣȻĻǷŭѣڸܵв֮Ѿǿ侲ˣ
ȶֵɣë
ϷʵĿŲأĿ˵
ɶ񣡡
ȻںëŲزٴը
ˣ
Ų֪ԼҲϻ֮¶溰һ
ಣ
ĳԱǳŲص࣬ȵĿſ
ǣǸʲô
ȻŲش˳֡
Աһ߶ſŭȣһҲ䱸Ҷ֣ǾͻϹ
˶࣬Ҳƽϣոֵ飬һסģ
ųֵ Աûв΢һ£һҲŲؾˣ˵ɱŲأɱŲضҲûôľҶ˵ûкô
˵ڿԸ񱻾βĲаϢӰˣػľҶʱûģˮΪ˴ˣҲػľҶģ̴֪ĽͿˣľҶٳˣ
쿪ʼҾ˳Ժˣ
˵һ֮󣬿뿪ˣӰһӾʧڰˣΪ沨ˮżӸŲصģ񲨷ˮŶѾˣҲûбҪڸˣֱӰѶͷ˾ˣ
Ųشˡ
ҪҪ׷ȥţĳԱĲ죬֪ǺʱˣǱǷŭŲش˾Ȼ裬ֻҪŲصһ£Ǿͻһ׷ɱ
ˣ֮ʣ̴ܿͻľҶΪҶʧľҶս
ŲסҪǰ׷ɱ£Ŀ˵ȴҫޱȷŭŭ棬ҪΪǵĻԻ׷ɱģҲҪѿΪ̴
뵽ΪˮŵľҶ̴ûкܴΣľҶҪûôˣ
ǣŲشˣ
ĳԱԶǹĻش
̫ˬˣ
ӰܲĿ뵽ŲǸ鿨;ýѣʹĹЦ
УҫűŰ֮ɫӿһɻͷŲصȫɱ˵ĳ嶯ǴӸгϵаϢӰ˿ͬʱдаϢӰ£ҲɢһɱаϢһſʶ
βĲϢд۵Ϣںˣ
оӿĳ嶯ͣһǿԵİںϺаʶѹȥ
ô죿ҵ׸ôУȥҳᱻаϢħ ġ


100
пЦޱȣβĲаϢд۵аϢյаϢںϱ죬ǿˮŶû뵽ģ
ֻǾβаϢĻ粨ˮԵģܹѹסģᱻӰ죬Ǹд۵ںһ֮󣬿ѹסˣԸȴǻᱻӰ쵽ˣҿԸ֪βаϢд۵аϢںϺаϢԽԽǿȻֻһ˿˿ģǳȥĻ϶ᱻаϢħģʱͻ᳹׵ʧȥˣ
βǷдۣ
ԥ֪ҪѹƲסڵıаϢʱ򣬾͵ѡУǷβǷдۣ
βĻҪһĲУʱҲǾβаϢǿʱдڣҸû취ѹסֻǷдˣ
ֻǿٵ˼һ£͵ó˽ۣûѡд۴ڵ£ǲѡȥһβģֻܷдۣ
ֻǷдۣʵǿԸģҪǿϷĻͷˣ
ܹѹס֮ǰһҪҵİ취У
оȻһͿٵ뿪ˣûеʱ̣ǾԲڷд۵ģӵдۣرִţ
ֻǿʧķȴǰӰ¥˳飬϶ҪӰ˵һеģ
˵ʲô˳ˣŲؽˣ
Ӱ֮󣬶ʱȵվ
ʦѾˣҲûмڸıҪˣŲھβϮʱ򲻳֣ŻᵼʦʦĸģڸĻܲǸһģ
ӰͷֱԵһҲӰΪֿΪΪ̴ô˵ҲľҶˣȻֻαرеʱ̴̣ϮϢӰѾյϢˣ
˵ˣ˸ϣҲӰҲǾԲôģ
⡭
ӰԲһҲʲô𱸿
ˣŲϷȥɣԺ󿨿ֱҵ°ɣ
и̾£ӰͶſ˵
ǣӰˣ
Ҳ˿֪Ӱһ£ʵһ£
βĲаϢܹѹסɣ
Ӱͷ漴ſĵʵ
ҿԵģ
΢΢һͻΪӰʲôӰֻǵĵĲ˿æ˵
ͺãӵδͿЩһˣ
ӰЦԸԼΪαһ㣬Ӱǳĸжˣ
ӰûҾȥˣ
ͷӰĵͷ¾뿪ˣ
ϣܹúõڵľβźã˵Ժ󣬴ӵδҪء
ſʧıӰӰпһӰĵķ֣ľҶһУֻпôһΪˣ
ڳ˻Ӱ¥֮󣬱ľķˣֻһʱ䣬ͻصˣ
ˣ
ڻصſڵɲǣһΪļУ
˭ܵҼ
ɻһͲʲôŸ֪ķȥ
ڳķ򣡡
һһֱλȥϾ촫ˣ̧ͷܿһЩð
ˣҵĳķôˣ˭ģ
һһӾſڣһڷıӰžͳڿ۵ף
죡
Ӱɾһֹû뵽ǺӾ ǿĴţȻֻϵһΧȹʲôûдˣϸ׵ķ۱ͦΣȫ¶ڿУޣû뵽ȻᴩҵĳУֻоԼСһȣһ߸ߵǶ

Ľ΢΢һתϲĿſ첻ѣҲ֪ոպһֱʲô
תźֻϵһΧȹ棬Ӹеһڸ̫̼ˣϸ׵ƤأΧȹ滹͹㣬һеѪҺڷڣ
ͣ
ÿ𣿡


101
תͷſӲһЦ漴ſЦʵдŽŵɫ˵еĶϲŮģԲڿǰһεģڿĿɿڴı飬ȻеˣǵĿ᲻¿ϲ
ÿ˭˵ÿ
ϵͷ˵ͬʱ̿ˮæ죡
ôᴩģ
ǰѴסϸ֮󣬿Ƕźʵ¿ȥȻѺз⿴۵ף
˵İ˶ȽϲӴ̼ô
Щӻش
ô㲻ϲȥ
ż˵תȥȥ· 
ҵȻϲˣ
״æס˺֣ѺĽһ뻳УӺıסĽ˫ȻȻķںǸͦŮ棡
𣿡
ŻϲڿĻУĵʵ
㲻оɣ
ٺһЦſӶź¶ڿеεʱһ£

оƨ洫Ļ쵱Ȼ֪ʲôˣϽһͨ첻ѣȻѾһθˣǺ컹ǻеӣΪÿζճҿģܻй͵һĸоɸоÿζе̼ѣ
ںڿеʱȴͻȻŵһɽζ
ã˺ˡ
ʱһ飬һŲأҪĻֻǿ˫֣ȴǽıĽ˫ֽץŮ壬Ѳ
˶ˣſң³Բˣ
ϼſ˵
ˣ𷹲ˣڸԵ㣡
ȴںĶаȵһЦĺ˵ֻоԼĶһ̣ʱ
ء
һֻеޱȣڳﲻа~ֻеԼڵѪҺڷڣͲ˵ģѵ֮ʱУô᲻أ
˵ģԭźŮ˫֣תʹӺΧȹ´εٴȥϸеԵֱӴУ

ܵ˫ֵʱĽһ׵ʧȥˣֻĻվȣ
סĽ˫ֱ̰İϵúһбţǿĵԣ֮󿨿ֲתأƣķϣָɵתǵϸУ
ٺ٣죬Ѿôʪ˰
ָںĶ߶аһЦǵڶָ˽ȥ

Խ΢΢һӲѣɫͨţ㻵
ٺ٣ӻĻںأ
Сʱ֮󣬿Űѿӳи˳ϻϣģرľûס ȥںļ¿뿪ģźѷã
ֻǰСʱʱ䣬һʳˣһ̻Сʱļ˶˵ǲܵģ
óԣ治رôҵ˶󣬳ر㣡
һʳһ߱Ƕźصĳ޵
ԣֲ˸
ĿţʱƵޱȣһϾͶſһ


102
ϣȻڿļҹˣһҹ
Ȼջûлڶ컹뿪ˣȻһֱһ𣬲ӲʵۣҪǿУ
û£һֱзŸ׶ϵһϵзڵĿǰˣΪ˾βαҲǵ޵ģҪôѵԣ
׶ݶԣҪзĻкܶ࣬е̬仯ǧɾҲҪϰܱԽԽǿڵǧɾֻ΢Ĵ̼ϸԻˣҪӰôǿҪϵϰУ
裬ԭǲģڼȻѾӵ˾βޣԿ˼ʱѧˣ
ſҪзģȻʱ仯ˣûзԣз｣Ǿֻз׶ݵԼˣ
׶ݣľ㹻ĲҲƴϰţӰϰȴϰ
ҪԼıǿҲû̫Ϊ̫ʹþβĻаϢдںϺͻԽӵǿңÿ춼ðպãˣҲڲϵĽţ
Щ֮⣬һǾǵĴӰˮŽĶǰѾνʱһͬ˿ģ
Ƿ֮֮ˮŲûԭ򿨿Ͳ֪ˣʱɣ
ˮģһķӡҲȫֻмҲϲˣ
ӡǷӡԷӡʬ⾡ĸӡͷǳǿˣжʱͬʱҲǰӡģȻսвõһЩѧǺ£
нҲкüǷǳǿĽһϵţ
ϲȴǷӡӡ־֮ˮӡ־ӡǵһûʲôԣֻܹһЩӡȻһЩϱ־Щӡʩ߿ĸ֪ЩطĴڣ
ҪǶʩչʱĻͿʱ˲תˣǿᣬǾϲ֣һʼҲûôӡ־֮ģȷʵ뵽ôӡ־֮ˣҪĿʵֵĻǾǲڷ֮һǿսʽ
һҪѧӡ־֮У
ֵĿԼѧӡ־֮
ѧϰӡ־֮󣬿ĵķ֣ӡ־֮жôѧһЩӡֻܿöǰһЩҪģȻЩ򵥵һ⿪ģҪ볹ѧ͵оֱӡȫ⿪У
Ŀǰٶ˵Ҳ֪Լʲôʱо
õİ취ڽʦĸɹֱʦĸˣһʦĸٺòˣⶼǼˣ֪ܲܳɹĽʦĸأ
ʱ䣬ھţϣܵӰټźˣðװ֮󣬿ܿͳڻӰ칫ˣ̴֪սҪˣ
ڻӰ칫ҵʱ򣬺ܿͷＯˣĻǰˣ
ǣҲˣܺã
ииǣǰ֮֮Ľ紦Ҳʯ֣̽ľҶĵ·ˣҪػɱһﾭ̣
˴ǳҪǵǾɱأֵ˵û취Ӧʱ򣬾ػ
Ӱ֮󣬱˵˵ε
һ֪ˣΪطеƣӰǵһ㣡
ǣӰˣ
ڣеԶӦ
ĴӣɸǸ𣡡
ſˣӰ˵
Զʱһû뵽ӰȻҪԼӣҪ֪ǻûйӾ鰡һ뿨ˣӰҪεݾô򵥣ʵ˭ӶһֻǽλΪֶӳˣ
ѹûһֶӳԱ
ֹһ
ǣû񣿡


103
һϿȸС̴У̴壡
ˣҴϢˣľҶϴξβϮУһʩչ׵Ǵɫ׵ģ
һϷӰһͷ˵ֻдǿҵķߺޣ
Ҳѹ֣Ϊ̴ʥǱ֪͵ˣҸտʼеөҲɱˣŹ֣
ǾҲ˵ǴӵǾǸľҶİ͵ߵİ
̴΢΢һſǰ˵
ߣ̴⣬ϸûɫĲǴӵǿ϶ǱľҶİǸ͵ߵģ
өǰҲ˵֣ľҶǸպģбˣ
ȴһҧгݵ˵Ѿ϶ľҶǾ͵Ǹɱөǵˣ
⡭
̴Բɳһʵ˵ϢҲľҶˣ֪Է̴ľҶǵһ̴ľҶ̴û˶ǵͷˣǸͲľҶĶְ
֪ǲҸľҶս̴ҲȷʵľҶĶϣľҶжԵĻľҶֻҪһСӰ̴ܰˣ
ҾǲģļĴǴϣǱôߣҲҪөǱ𣡡
һ˳̴壬һһȥľҶˣ
һ̴ɵı飬֪Ϊˣһҧ૵һ˵ţһ߾ͰѶͷϴ̴־Ļժ
ǡ
̴һȰ˵ʲôǵٻӰȴһӾʧˣ׷ȥʱֻܿſɫĳˣ

̴̾һûȥ׷ǣΪ֪׷Ҳ׷ǵģǿ̴ǿˣ
̴̾̾ôʧȥһǿʵ̣ҲͬΪǵ˶е̾ľҶΪУܹش˾βǵȴڵľҶԱҲ׶༪ٵˣ
̴ҫǿҵĲʸŭҪǲôǵĻҲѡľҶƴģǿǵһӵĴҪֻҪݲʸ̽ˣ
ಣ
ڻ֮֮Ľ紦ʯ֣ʯֻа·Զĵط˵ɫӰӲϵӶϣΪ׵ǱУ۱סĿ
ٶȿ㣬ҪϵʯֲУһҪĽɱϮ̣
ٵţͬʱİڴߴٵʱ̣󲻵ã̴֪ʵǿ ԭпľҶս˼ʱ䣬Ϊһɴ˿ɼ̴ǿʵˣ
ľҶովشβϮĵĴӰսһҪƯУ
ǣӳ
ԱȫشһӿٶȸϿڿӰΪֶӳ֮ҲƿΪӳˣڼһӿİţǲǱɵ£Ͳö֪ˣ
ͣ£
Ȼֻǹ˲ӵʱ䣬ӵĿȴͻȻĺһȻͣΣаԱҲͣĿܣǶûзʲô
ӳʲôˣ
һԱſʵ
еˣ
˵ϸĲ鿴ܣոյȷǸ֪ĿעӵˣȻ΢Լĸ֪
ԱԸӾĿܣȴʲôûз֣вɺɿǲǸоˣûеˣ
棡
ȻΪ֪ʱ򣬿ȴǶԶѾ̧ͷգȻһӰڸ߿УжڿɸӾǶûзֶԷȻѾˣ
֪Ϊ˰еĿⶼעڿϵԭ򣬲Żÿģ
ǽű𾪣û뵽ȻܹϷɣ
⡭ôܡ
Էʲôˣ𣿾ȻϷɡ
̲סȳ
ǡ̴ǣôģ
еӰ֮жʱһϳ˶Էʲôˣ


104
Ϊǰã̴ǣȻһӾͰǸϳˣ
ˣŵ⣿ô£
ſͿǴӿֱӽĿⶢԵĴһǿҵĵ⣬΢΢һ㶣ӦûмŶԣ
ô
һܹǲ⣬ƾΪǵĹϵ˰ɣǶԷô֪͵ǵģ
ľҶǣ
һ֮ĿǷŭĶſĿ˵ˣҲĿ˶ԷɫƮݵĳ磬ϸµĹ۾ͦͦǣССͣϸ°ͣ۾ŮԵΰ˫ȱ޳
Ȼİ
һЦȻ֪ΪʲôȴǴŵģĽĵͻȻӿһɳ嶯

һԼĵĳ嶯ͰԼһæѹȥΪβд۵Ĺϵһμǿûκ뷨ģؾȻһǸĽаͷˣ
ߣʰ
һ׷ǵģǵĸ·ʱ䣡
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ԱĻҲûгɣ֪ٶȱҪ죬㲻ΪԱҲԲΥֶӶӳģ
ಣ
뿪ˣֻ¿ǿ뿪ȻȥֹҲ¶ϲɫֻпһ˵ĻͺöԸˣ
̴ǰɣ
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Ȼ㣬͵Ǵӵǵģ
ȻǵĽ΢΢һӼᶨ˿Ǹǵˣ϶ſ
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ֱӳϵͲʲôҺܺ棬̴ô֪ϵģҪ֪ľҶҲû֪
ߣʩչɫ׵׶ݰɣùǴӵǵģϻûɫĲֹөǰ˵֣ľҶݣ˵Ǵӵǣۺһ㻹б𣿡
ĻмһҪ˲֪ǼĪΪЦ
Ҳû뵽ԼôˣǰľҶ·Ͼǿˣ
˵ֽ֮Цһ
ٺ٣ԭˣô˵̴ҪľҶΪп
ŭӵĿǣһЦݺݵɨǰ͹µĽǵǹҪݺݴݲǰա˽ĳ嶯ӿ
ˣѾ̴ˣ
ĲһæŭȵѾӵʵľҶûɸڶԸ̴ˣ
ǵֻܾǣҪȥ̴Ļ˵õŽôɱǣľҶһĪеĽھˣ
һ֪ô£ϹһЦ
쵰
Խ΢΢һŭĿſû뵽ľҶҲôյһ棬ԹȻţ
ǻǣҿԵʲôûзȻĻ
ǽŶſŭȵŷԼ嶯ˣǰҿѾ۵ˣֻвǲѻ˵꣬ͱЦˣ
ȻĻôΪʵвô
ϷʵĿŶԷǴЩֵıÿе⣬еа嶯Ҳûʱˣ̴屻ҴݻٵĻÿ
㡭
Խٴ΢΢һŭĿſû뵽ôǿƲҪô뿪Ļʵڲģ
ߣֻҪɱ˾ˣһҪөǱ𣡡
һ֮Ǳ̧ͷȻſߵֻҪɱ˿û˻ȥˣͨո˵ģ֪õǵľҶҲǲ֪ģҲû֪ˣԺ󲻻شӣͲ۵ˣ
ȸ
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Ǳʩչ˿ȸ۵һֻɫ޶ſȥ


105
ǵĹ񳹵׵ı˱Ű֮ɫԭеıŰѾѹˣǿ˲ʶȤոձѹȥǹɱŰ֮⣬˲ٴ緢㿨Ҫѹƶѣ

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һ ǵɫ޹ʱͱαնֱնɫʱֳ룬˻ȥ

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ȸʥޣ
һҧվκٴ۳֮ɫǱȸոջҪǿʥޣſȥ
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ٴιҲһǧʩչ˳ŷɳɫ޺ȥ
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ǵĲϹкâһǧɾʱʩչҫɫ׵ϵϸ̱Ի

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׵ҫɲǣǱǾһɴ۾ŵĿſϵ׵罻֯
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Խʱһŭѣû뵽ÿɱˣȻϷŹ̴壬ҲԼǲǿĶˣԼĹûˣ˫־ҪӡԿʩչһ
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㶼ˣҿԲȥԸ̴壬Ϳ֮ǰܲˣ
ǳϣǵаζԽԽŨٴаȵЦһ
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аȵĵһţæʵ
Ȼ˵壬źˣ
һаЦţֱͻȻǵϸסˣڱ·ϸжʱĵһеаζԽŨˣ
֪ȥǲԵģѾˣҲջˣѹƲסڱаϢʱٰסˣ

ԽȻһжʱӿһǿҵ߷ôҲû뵽ȻҪǰȻҪ壡

ʶҪŭȿҲģǻߣǾͲ˵ˣ̴еˣҪܾĻ̴壬ܾͱݻٵģΣӵ飬Ƕʱסˣзǿҵ֮ɫ
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106

˫һǵİͦŮ壬ǾͽһˣŮǻûбөǣ֮ҲǸոսͻûнһķչǵţ֪ҪҪ
󰡣ǱǸөˣɱ˾ˣ
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뵽ߴ˫ñǸӴֱץǸоԼŮҪһ߷ߵ˼㣡
˻
ǻԥȴǲֻǸ·ָˣ˫һͰǰ·˺ˣǶ԰ͦŮʱ˳

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磡

֮ܰڵľ룬Ȼʩչһ˽棬ʱһ磬ڽˣǿģҲᴩ͸ȥ֮ǰҰ˺쿨ûѧᣬѧȻʩչˣɲ˿ڴҰսӣ
Ȼ߷ᣬ𣬿ҲȥˣŭˣֻԼôô
˵ģʩչ˽֮󣬿ͰԼĿӽ˿ǰ¹ǰץɫĳǵͷ
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ǸоԼĺһµĶˣܲѣȴûȥɿŰֻ۽ǼᣬˣǳڿˬеĿŲֻܿٵͦţ

ǵı飬аЦţҲԽԽ죡
Ҳ֪˶ãҲȥԼ׵İŪ֮Ҫ׷ϲأԺܿǵĿˣ춼ǣ
ȫȥȻʳɾ
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ǴʱѾеľˣֻ֪ӿѿ Ķȫȥ֮󣬼ѿϵҲʳɾ
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ǵĶɹаЦţոȥĸͦˣ

Ǽ״ֻоĿţ۸òãҡ֪ˡ
Ǿ͸תȥζңСһſţ
ԹһЦ
ҡ֪ˣ
ǸоԼҪˣȻôֻҪ˿ܽˣҲ˵ʲôԹԵľͷˣ
ǱתȥСһſڵϣɷĶſԲ̵ζſм仹һۺɫľջıţ
ǣľջӦûûŹɣӽ㳢ˣ
ǰһĻһǶаȵЦ
Ʊˬ˲ǾͰƱ


107

ﲻа
ԶʱһæתͷſǸôôܽȥкڲѣ֪͸ĻˣҪľҶ˵ģľҶǵа񳬺󣬸û뵽һֱľҶôа񣬱֪еκһӵ߶Ҫа
ߣֵõ˵ô
ԳаһǰıסǵͶǵĺͥϣǵľУȻͦ˽ȥ

ͥ˺ѵʹʱҽг˫ٴʹ
ʹ֣ȴǸоԼķһˬΧˣˬòˣǵʹȵķǿٵͦ
УǵĲҽһֱţĲűɽٴĺͥеʱҲڳܲס˹ȥˣ
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أ֪ᱻ㡭Ļͽөˡ
ίĳߵ˵һζ˿ȴԷΪǵһΣֻǱǿռҲеޱȵıߣί

һȴǾϲΪѾǷǴˣ׼ɱ˵ģŷԭһֱˣ
ǳίı飬Ÿеһ˿ΣʱˣǾԲŹǵˣǴŮã
Բһһģ
ſŶǱǸ˵һȵķ˿ͬʱݺݵĴȥ
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˻ʹ
㣬ⲻǳʹʹôȥĻֻʹģұ֤㲻ٶ
ҧҲʹһæǽ˵
ԲԸſҧŲţֱоûм֮˿ĻǲԸɿڣôˣҪҧУ
ǲɿڣΪһֱʹûиҶֻ˫ϸķ۱ţ
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㣬˾Ϳɱң㲻ǻҪִô
ȻԼǻûûסſˣԼֻ˿õȥөǰˣǲǰοԼĽڣԼ֪ɣ
ٺ٣ڵǲˣ
ԶʱͱˣϿٵͦͬʱٺЦ֪ǻǵһ֮󣬿ȴǲԸȥˣô˵ǶڶŮأ˺նûأ

ǽҲΪĶΪ˵Ļ
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Ҫʿʲôϧȴҵĳſĳֵ˵ˣֻ֪ŶŶʶɢҵҲ֯
УHһĻٴţһö쳹ţֱ䣬Ƕû֯ʿǱϴοƶˣԴһƬհ׹ȥˣ
֮ǲŻָʶȴֿѾվˣ°·ˣ

Ǿ͸еһ϶һǿ·һߣľҶװ
㡭ʲô˼ˣ㲻ɱңҲˣ㲻Լ֡
ĪĿſոտ˵Ļæߵ
ɱɱĻ֮ǰӦľˣ


108
ڿſ󣬋HһĻţһö쳹ţֱ䣬Ƕû֯ʿǱϴοƶˣԴһƬհ׹ȥˣ
֮ǲŻָʶҪɱȴֿѾվˣ°·ˣ

Ǿ͸еһ϶һǿ·һߣľҶװ
㡭ʲô˼ˣ㲻ɱңҲˣ㲻Լ֡
ĪĿſոտ˵Ļæߵ
ɱɱĻ֮ǰӦľˣ
ҪɱľٶϵһЦǹаȵ΢ЦֻҪ̴廹ڣԴҪЮǣһеһУֻ˵̫ˣû뵽ǻǴ.ŮȻˡ
㡭
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ǵ񣬿ȻһЦҰѶ֮ǵǴߣͲĻᱻɱˣ
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Ļ˫һ𿨿İװߣ
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ǵĻаĹЦţķԼβаϢдӰˣͻȻԼƺҲͦϲڵԼģ
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Цţ׼ţȴſʱ
䣡
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Ŀӿֳ˺ɫĲǱǾĪû뵽ϻܱôһǿĲ
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ҲֱӶ˵ͲǻǻҪɱȴǾԲй¶ܵģ֪ʵ嵽ǲҶ֣
β
Գ𺳻𺳣ͻȻоԼҪɱƺȵ컹Ҫһ
ǲǸеˣٺ٣ǾͰĵҵŮ˺ˣҸСŮ˾ˣѹȥһж
һߴǼҫһаȵĹһЦ
ߣһһɱģ
ߣҪԹԵŮˣ붼룡
ǵĻҲ⣬Ҳں᲻ϲֻҪ֤ǲѰˡ
ȫٸ·Сʱ֮󣬿ԶԶļǰ氵ԱӰˣ
ϣʻͣƱ߸ղأеľͶСɣָм


109
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̰ľҶͬʱѡԾֻǣ֮⣬ûһüԾ



110
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111
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ֻǵĽ죬ڿߵ ԱȴֻһˣѾȫսˣ
УľҶǵţҲս泹׵쳹ˣ̽綼֪ľҶиľҶǴڣһľҶǵţ̴ǾͻʧɫУľҶǴĲֻʵô򵥣оǲ̵Ĵˣ
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112
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113
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114
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115
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ڿ˻ȻĽսеʱ򣬸ӰŭͻȻǴһһ޾У߶һ׷ײҳۣ
˵Ӱ˵֮΢΢һôˣŷֵֺЩˣͣӰ

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Ӱ״üѣû뵽Ҳ治Լ嵱ˣֽȻԸͬ飬пβĲҲԸͬ飬ӰѾܹ׼Ҫһνˣ
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ΪһֱߣȻĻ϶Ҳ 
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Ҳµˣս¸ոչȥþûǿҵ˼ĳ嶯ûոˣ̫ԲԼˣ
ء


116
ӵһ֮󣬿ͱյĽˣֻһʱ䣬ϵ·ͱһһȫˣһ߾ϸ׵Ļ𱬽ǳڿ У
ȻǵһοյĽˣǻǸǿҵӾ
˵յĽȥ

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յĲҽյĵһαսˣժȡˣʹӣڱβ֢еĿûϰˬ죬Ժ֣˫һߴյĺ飬вϱ任Ÿ״һ߱ǿٵĳţ
žžžžڷбǲϵ쳹ţյĲҽҲʱƶ˴˷ܵĽͷҲʼƴŤϵӭſĳУһĻĻHĻţһɹϫţ
ʱ䣬γŮֵ춼Ǹһ飬ÿҪҺ춼ûʱ䣡
⼸ʱУڷӡоβ飬ҲľҶǿдˣľҶ֪ˣһ飬ľҶ𶯣Ҳˣû뵽ľҶȻһֳˣ֪ģûлᶯ֣ڴȻܴǻǱ÷ǳܵģ
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ͷĿĿװĿû뵽մȻˣһǶľҶǣвɳ˿ЦֻܰѳץУеĿʱвųԴȶԷҳ֣
ҲŶԷɱ̴һǰǩƽԼͷ죬ҪǿɱĻѾǩõĺƽԼˣ̴彫ٴζľҶеĳôҲҪشӣ֮ͫһİѪ޽һҪõ֣ӰԸһҪɲУ


117
ΪҲɱ㣬ֻʮӵʱ䣬ſ
ĿͷĿͲںԷвȻԷҲ̣ǲϧȫĻԱ֤˲նɱ˶Է
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㡭
ſɱͷĿͫ΢΢һһϲҿ򿨿𺳲ѣȻľҶǣһϢĸо
ʱͷĿеĳȴǾĿſ֪ôֵ֪ģſɱ ССĳȴûио־壬ǸеһɰȫУͻȻͲˣ
ߣɱҡ
ͷĿһͲſɱԷֻҪˣ
׶ݡǧɾ
ͷĿߣȴʩչǧɾǧ֯ͬʱ˶ԷĻһɱǽԷ
ͷĿ˲͸о ĿסһҲҳĿſĵ׿ʼˣȷҲɱˣΪ˵Ļֵ̫ˣ
ϹȴˣɱǵģľҶǶˣѾҸ̴սˣ
ͷĿԥʱһȴͻȻ˵
ͷĿһûľҶӿģľҶȷٸ̴彻ֵˣȻ̴ҲһǵӰǲЩģǺսӣ
ԣҾͲŸҶңľҶڸͲҼ̴սȥˣ
ͷĿһɫĿſЦ
Լ
񳹵ױһ˲鵶
εն
䣡
ǿƱӰ˲ǻնԷڿе棬ͬҫһ׵磬ն׵նľնֻڵ׵ʱ򣬲ˣٶȸ죬նǿȻĵĲҲӿֲ
ͣ
ֻ׵絶ͷĿĺһѪʱͷĿɶʱɢԴ׷ɳȥˣ
ಣ
ͬʱԭͷĿеĳҲһˣͷĿʬ鵹ڵˣӶϿѪȪһ緢

Ϲȴˡ
ϣɱ
̼ͷĿ ɱʱɴ۾ֳŭȵųԶųĿǹȥ

Щ̹Сʱг
£۾ϾͿˣЩҰɱǣ
ľ΢ЦŶŻеĳЦһ죬ȻﻹСҲǱϳˣ
šţ
ĻڿһȻôˣǳİ۾ˣ
ų͸еķвҽֻǲһʱȫˣʱϤˣ


ҲתͷӰǰһӰں߿ٵӹһ㣬ĸףһǳĸˣӯҲһķ֧ͬһİۣòǸ紫ʼĳ߷ƣԶׯò
Ǹ׸ĸף
ӯڿеĳϾϲ۾ӿǱ˹ȥ
ų˽ӯĻˣԴһӯǺΰŮм䣬ÿ̿ˮͻȻЩĽ
峤峤ˣ
Ųǰʺã
ǣллŮˣʲô˵°ҵĳŮģ
㿴ſϵлһ򿨿ɻһ

ǡ
̴ߣǶǰǩƽԼ̰ɡ
˵ڵȫȥ̺㲻ɵ𾪳ʶˣ
ף˵Ҫһȥڵҵ˫ۡءոҺ°
ʱӯеСﲻٺˣ̧ɰԴ㿪ί˵


118
ɱúãллǼҵĳ
㻹û˵ʲôӯȴŭһųվſл
ԣɱúãɱ̵ҵˣ
ӵĻҲͷ˵˺
Ļ΢е⣬û뵽ʵҲǸ̰ ҲǣȻԭͲɱͷĿˣղҲʵΣΪ룡
ˣһһ˵ûҾ뿪ˣ
ſȴǶһ仰뿪ˣɱģ͸ҳϣ
ಣ
ɲǼ俨ӰʧӯһҳԱˣӯľҶǸеֵ壡
˲ô£
Ѿ뿪Ӱȴһת䴦ͻȻͣһ£ΪовĲȻβĲϢдںԾ˿ͷҲĸ֪÷ǳУһӾ͸֪ڰвĲ
ǰģӦˣӰȻ취Ѫ̣Ӧÿǵ·ɱؼһռͻ鱨
аһɵǱˣȻľҶӱɱֻҪ̴Ҳҵڣ
ಣ
ŲһȥϾͼһСӰͻȻ䵽һȥˣ
ಣһתǵĽУ
֮ͣ
һͿһʩչеһݾڶԷһӾʧˣ
֮ˣˣ
һжʱһſԷĳ࣬ɵ΢һɫ㷢ڵƤգǰĹĵģһŮӣһǿЩӡ̣
Ӱ飬鲼£
аһȲѣû뵽ӰȻ鲼¸ˣ鲼Ҳʮӣ£ӦûûгΪӰŶԣ
֪鲼£֪ոնԷʩչʲôˣƷùתƣ»ˣӰյľҶߵϢˣ

鲼ڰ鱨ݻ̴֮󣬼ĳϾһʧĿſˣսͲǶԷĶְսûʲôʵЧģӰΪ˲ֵֵΣ˴βһǰľҶģ
ʧˣϹȫɱˡ
̴УӰڵõϹǱɱ鱨֮󣬶ʱŭ֣
ɶ񣬿ľҶǲҪǴսˣ
ӰŭľҶ̣ǰѸոմӴ淢Ļ鲼Ҳǰģ鲼ڰ˵һʱ䴫ľҶӵϢ⣬ҲǷֹεͻ¼Ϲȡһӵа۵˵ģԵȻ˷
ֻǿĲɱӰеŭһʮߣȫɱˣ
鲼»ǲԺս϶дõġ
Ŷ鲼µӰŰһ鲼»׼鲼ˣ
Ӱͽ˼̣ľҶѸٵĸȥˣ
ΪԭͬɱͷĿģӰҪ̴ֻҪľҶһҪɱ߿Ҫһд۸۵ǲһԱһԱ˴ε⳥Ȼ;ԲкƽԼ̴彫ٴηľҶĹ̬ǿƲѣ
̴ǰľҶǩƽԼȫɱܿ;ľҶ߲ˣ֪ˣûƲÿֻǰѿڼвڵ̴һҲ̴֪϶֪ˣ
ʱڼУȴǴǰŮץס鲼£
Ȱ㻹Ǹо뿪ľҶɣƻľҶ̴ǩ̴һҪ󽻳ģľҶϲҲΪ˼ͽȥģǾβҲֻܱȻ󱻽ȥ
ȻҪϷҲҸ뿪Ļ̴嵹ǻӭļ룡
鲼£ʱѾû˾ţǿſ˵ţ֤˵һжʵ
ôţ
Ѿȫ侲鲼£ɵЦԽ͵ĿŶԷǱӰγΪˣǸ֮⣬Ҳӵй˵侲˼ά
ܴӦ֪˵Ķʵ


119
Ϊӣ鲼΢΢һţȴǼŵ˵
ûҳ˵Ķԣ
鲼ͻȻ΢΢һЦ˶ԷĻ
鲼ĵһϲȻ˵ǶԵģǾ̫ˣϣص̴ˣû鲼˷ܼӣһ仰ȴٴΰȵף
ҲŲںأΪûаҸɱǼ𣿡
ϷʵĿ鲼£ڵƤŵȴй
㡭
Ļ鲼¶ʱˣʼ俨˵ʵֻô붼ÿĴܺõȥ
ߣٳǿˣڲǱԼļвȥô϶ŲٵˣľҶô㣬Ҽ˵˰ɣ
鲼ʰŵĶſ˵ֻҪңҾ̴ܱ֤п϶ܵõҪģ
Ŷ̴ʲôλȻҸŵ
ϻͲö˵ˣʱ䵣ҵĴ㻹ǵһԼɣ
һЦаȵĿ鲼˵鲼µĽɨţ͸¶һĪζ
㡭
Ҫ
ĲΪƺ˼ƻ鲼±ͻˣټϿĿ⣬ʱˣ˵ҲֻǸʮŮˣڴδϹս˵²ܹ֧侲ѾǳĲˣ
Ҫ㲻᲻֪Ůһ㱻ס󶼻ᱻôɣ
鲼¾ŵı飬ʱдˬŶԷаȵЦ˵ʵڵģǰ鲼£ȴǶˣǲаʶӡ󣬿Ѿȥôˣֻ֪²ôһŮʵ̫ԲԼˣ

㲻ҪٹҾͽˡ
а鲼¶ʱų£
аľҶŵĻľҶߣеģ˵Ҫ֪ôһŮ̵Ļôأ
ԲʧһЦ鲼 в˵һöûУвˣ
Ļ鲼¶ʱסˣԭſҪСҲϽıˣҪȫҪǸĻֱ޷
ء
鲼ĵѾˣû뵽ԼҲ飬˸²ˣ
Ҫ㲻Ӷҵġ
鲼±ǾŶԿ˵е侲ȫʧˣеֻǻʧ룡
ǾͿԼѡˣҪѡһأôһأûбѡΪ̱²ѾעҪˣΪߵӦŶԣ
鲼»ҵӣӾóһЦеĳҲתΪ鲼ڴЩȲˣ
ҡ
鲼Ҳܻشһ˻߼ˣѡ񣬲ҪֻܶѡһĻ϶ѡǰһˣֻǴҲԸ˵ģԸϣԼܵ飡
鲼ûгȴаЦſŵ鲼ˣŶԷǰһԹĹĵŮ岻ɵóһóòȴͦͦģָӦòŶԣ
һߵЦţ־Ͷ鲼µǰץȥǺܴһָֻպס΢΢һ󣬱ĵΪ֮һ

쵰ǡÿ
鲼ֻоƴһʱſδþȻôץסˣ鲼¼ֱ߷
ٺ٣ʵԽеٴһģҼ߾Ϳˣ
鲼߷ӣûзſ˫֣ţͬʱаȵĺٺЦ
㡭
Ļ鲼¶ʱҴˣ˫ͫƵĵſ񲻽ûɱӳ
ҾϲôҵӣŴ
߷ޱȵ鲼¾ǹЦ
򣬿СǶʱµϰûʱֻ֣ܵȵϣԲסˣ˵ĸʱû취ʵˣʵڱǸ
¾һ㶼˵ģǾ˵Ǿ¸ڴ˻϶һÿܱ֣ܲ
ʻƱͣ߸֧֣ͿǵˣСǸģܷСȥƴȥɱҪ˵ãǾҪսذ


120
˻
аЦһ֮˫ͻȻһԭ鲼ϵ߷ʱ˺ѿǼҲ˺ˣһСͦŮʱ

鲼߷޺޵ĿſȴǲҴУֻҧгݵĵſˮʼ
ôҵģ˧ˣҲ
鲼ı飬ֻǺٺһЦͰϵҲַŮ˻־̫ʧˣ;ҪݺݵĿӶԸɵĽİ
㡭
忨֮鲼ʱһɴ۾ʵڲ̽ľҶǣȻһµ꣡
㡭ľҶǡ
鲼͸סˣ૵ʵ
ҵд۸ͷ֪˰ɣ˵ˣͷĿɱأ
鲼ȵı飬аˬŶԷȻ˵
һ˵ţ˫Ҳ鲼ʹֻһ鲼ϵ·ͱȫ˺ˣһ߽۵ȫڿǰΪӰסĹϵӴ̼ſеаܵȼţ
ءҪ
·ѹ⣬鲼Ѿû˼ȥ𺳿ˣĶſ
ֻǿͲԷҪ־͹ҵĵˣСүҶԵ˴ǲģеȫɱŮƯȫ顭
˵֮󣬿鲼ǰԼ ·Ҳȫѹˣ¶ǽýŭȻţ鲼ɵˣ
ءҪ
鲼ֻҧص˵Լ̫ˣԴڶţĿ⿴ſ
𼱣ͻҪˣ
鲼ֻааһЦӱ鲼Ľϣ ˫ֿʼ鲼ĽŪͬʱſҧ鲼٣̰ţ
㡭쵰
ءһɱġ
ûã鲼ֻؿͬʱ޵Ķſҧ
ôСүھͲС۶
鲼Ĵų޵ͻȻ̧ͷŰĿŶԷס鲼ĲӣȵķǿƵֱӾ鲼ķʪض˽ȥ
һʼеһЩǿȴᣬٴһȫ˽ȥ

鲼ʱҽг˺ѰʹΪŮĵһΣôǿаռˣ鲼ԽԽߺޣˮȴŭſҲгô޵Ķſ
ҿɵʲôʱ򡭡
鲼ҵŭ⣬ЦһӿٶͦεѪžžžڵϣΪһЩ޵ɫʣ
鲼տʼҧʹŭſģȻʱƣһɹİȴϸеĸоϮ鲼ŭԼ岻ȻʼˣܸоԼ˽ܴǲϵӿһɹ߷
ٺ١
Ѿ˷ŶоͽгɣѾ˸ˣ͸ȥġ
ԼͦԽԽ˳аȵĶ鲼Цһĸ鲼ķʪխСÿÿһνоǿĿУֱղܣֻԽԽ
ߡҲгġ
鲼ʱѾ֯ʶȫŭſˣ߷ߣʹǿź䲻߷ֵĿſ
ҾͿֵܼʲôʱ򣡡
ٺһЦһŮԼǿŲгı顣ҲǷǳˬ찡

ڣڿĲ£鲼͵˼ޣ鲻Խıһ
ԼȻڿ½гˣ鲼֣ҲһֱŭſˣƫͷȥҪ϶ˣֻܿƲסĲϵߵ鲼ĲӶ͸ˣ޵ݣ
Ҳ֪˶ã鲼ŴĿһУڿĳ´ﵽƶˣӭΪŮ˵ĵһΣ
鲼ΪѾʱ򣬲žֵķ֣⻹ֻǸոտʼеŰ֮ɫǿʢˡ
Ҫ
ˣô˰ڲһ˯Сʱ군ˣдvϣҪſڵ˯ˣƱͣʻСҪǵ֧֣Ųˣ


121
鲼ų׵鵽а񣬵ƤޣЩΪֻڴ˵веöŮʩеĶȻһһʩˣ
Сү᲻ɱ㣬Ҳ֪Ҫǲܵˣں޲ɱңСүֻҪĵģ㳹׵ĵ̳ɿܲŮū
ٴ֮ǰͲҪܻܹ뿪ˣ
Ļ鲼е־壬Ψҧһпʩеĵ̣ԼһԼסģᱻūģ
ֻǼʱ鲼ԽӵĸеˣԼԽԽֿ˿ĲŪˣԤеټȥĻ϶Όܲ˿κģȫԷūģ
鲼ɱ˽ԼǼζû¶ģľôˣ
鲼ܻĵ죬̴ʹϢˣҪ󽻳Ҫһд۵ǲ˸˰۵ˣҪľҶеĻ̴ƱضľҶٴνй
ǡɱ̴ǰ̸͵ͷĿľҶеĸ߲㣬ľҶѾ֧ŲסսˣͶľҶķչ˵Ҫеʱ̣Ȼɱǰ͵ͷĿܿܵʧܣ⣬κһľҶ߲Ҫģ
˵Ϊ˽ȱմ峤ŮŲΪ׵ĸ߲ڵõ̴ǿҪѾѿİݹΪ̴̽ˣȻ̵Ҫ⳥һǲ˸һ˽飡
ȻӡڿڵľβһҪȣ
ӰȻͬ⣬ľҶ߲һ
Ӱˣˣǡһǰ֮ȥˣ
ʱһ棬˵Ļˢˢľɫ䣡
ãӻˣ
ҪŪʲôĻ̴ͻٴιľҶģ
ŲظСɫǾޱž
ϰһһǰ̴̫Σˣ
ӰȻԾĵȴŲǲͬǵĿİΣ
ߣСӵٶȷľҶǶ˵ģѾ뿪ôˣҪ׷ϹƲˣ
Ųһҽ飬ֱӰǶΪ̰ɣ̴ʲôҲľҶˣ
֪˿ӵ˾βĲĺŲؾ͸ӸоԺϻӰǸǿвˣԲݺҲãÿΪҲãЩ⿴ģһͶвˣ
ʯϣһӰȻ֣ǴľҶĿͨǣȻԵ̴֪ľҶҪ󣬱ԷֻҪҪǲһһĳԱĻںģǶԷȻҪľҶ̴崦ðˣ
õģȻҪǴˣ浱ľҶǲɣ
ʱͣһʯ棬֮һг˱Ű֮ɫһ˹Ҫ֮ͱ첻ɣ
ֻҪӰ̫ΧҾûΣգȻҪӵӾ֪ʲôк£
ߣ۹ĺâҫڵ֪Ϣ֮󣬿ڵаϢͱˣŻᵼ¿Űǰ֮ģ


122
֮
Ϊ̴սʱȫľҶˣʣµҲػŴû뿪Ϊˣ֮ڵ˲°ٹɵǿŻոհսӻ̴֮ӰȻܵ˴ĽίҪϽ֮ڵǿŻ
̳鲻ֵʱ䣬չǿŻﻹǶడͬһǾͽǿˣ
һ̸̾һмأһǿͬ飡
ǰЩɶǿ
ϽһǿɽͷɣľҶսһŮ߶ûϹǱﻵˣͷǽǿðٶмʮˮŮˣ
ɫģողǲĸŮ𣿡
ôأǷǿа

ಣ
һ̸ţһ߱һǿۼڵɽͷӶϣмȲӣǿŮˣ
ˡ
Сĵ㡭
ȻǸ·ǰȴͻȻһӰװɫͷһУǿ˭

ľҶǣ
ǿܣ
ֿܣ
ǿ˿֮󣬸ǵɴֳͫһϷɢܣսǲǵһ˵ľҶˣӰҲзԸľҶǳʵܣǶֻ̣ҲֻˣȻѡˣ
ܣǵù
ЩӴ̣ܵг˲̵ЦӰ˲䱬ȥ
׶ݡһ߳һֻ̣˫ֽӡһ˲䱻ץУߴߴߴߴ쳹ѣâҫ
ֻУϵͻȻҽУеĵϾͱɫ׵ˣҫѣǿڵϵͬSΪ̵ӵĽϣ
ľҶеľҶ֮ȶӰзľҶҲ̵һ֣
裡
ֻеһնһɫ׵նǴӿебһնȥ
ಣ
ͣ

ննٶȿ쵽㣬̾Ļûüͱˣһӱ׵ննˣڵѪ
裬ķ̵ֻ֧B̶ȣڼѸնֻǶ裬ֻһնжҪĻͬʱʮնǾAˣֻԿҲǸЧУûô࣡
Ȼһ㣬ǳ˧༫ѣ֮ǰ˵Ҫǲþβģ

ܡ
Լͬ鱻׵նɱ̸ֿܵǳԾѣܵøٶȸ죬ֻ޵赱һ̥ñȱ˶ȣ
ֻǵӴһöûУڿļ׷ɱ£ܿһնɱˣȴһˣ
Ҵ仰ӰҪľҶǵбȡ


123
ɶ񡭡
ľҶǣȻҶһǰ֮Ұ
Ӱ칫УӰڵ֪˿ǰ֮ɱǵ֮󣬲ɵñŭ֣бŭˣ
˵~ȥԸ~Ӱǰȣ˵˵һҲҫŴ֮ɫսľҶǽˣֻһֱûÿʱľҶǵӰʧˣľҶǾȻһ̴֮ôˣ϶ΧµԷģ
ľҶǵͽˣҪľҶǸˣ
ȵĻӰҲеķŭȵͷľҶǶһ֮ĿŵĲɱǴӵߣȷһɱľҶǵĺûᣡ
ҾͼľҶʩչѹһҪõǲһһѪ޽磡
Ӱ˵ҪҲԸĻͷźŸңһϸϵΣһҪľҶǸɱˣ
Ŷ~֪~˶ľҶǽΧ~һ԰ɱ˵~˷ܵ˵ȥˣ
ȥ֮󣬾ͿʼԸ߶Կٽգ̴ķ֮һֶˣʵ̫ٵĻϿҲ޹пܱɱÿһȶҪ֤ܹ⿨УкɱԷ
ķ~Ҳһж~ľ~Ҳһֻǰ~Ӱ~һҪɱľҶ~ȵӣжβľҲˣɼ̴Ҫˣ
Ҳǣϱ¶׶ݸӰƣ̴лɱȥˣΪӰôڵйг֣
ԽԽˣӰҪΧɱˣ
֮ĳһУһʯͷ棬оʱ俨Ѿɱʮˣлֻ̣ǻûȿɱʹˣͷ̶Ǵ󲿶ӵˣʮϵģһֻУǾӢҪɱҲѣһֹһ̶飬ÿϾ֪ӰĴˣ
ߣΪӻǹȥľҶǣǰֻǱ¶׶ݸд۵ӾǼʶ¾βˣ
ҪΧɱӾɱ£ʮһôɱǣ
ҫűĺâ⼸챻ֻȥģʵ̫ѻˣкâеĺҪй
ʱĿѾȥǱβôˣβҲ͵ڱ¶ǿˣӦǲһҲˣѾܱ¶ݺôˣ
Ҫ̴ҲµĻ;ԻᱻȽ̴Уǻ߾ǱľҶɲǿģ
Ա¶ݾͱ¶ɣֻҪչ¶㹻ʵˣŲҪӣǲҪɱҲȵģ
ôʱ䣬ҲˣҪе˺ʵУ
βʹã׶ȫز̴ɱ죬ӾͲп
һǶһȥʱѾȥô󶯾ʩչβԼôĺˣβаϢд۵аϢںϣҪɣʵڶסˣȰˣ
Ϊ߾Ͳܿһ𣿡
ķǰĿĦü˵ʵ̫ˣһҲ裡
ķ㶼ϲҵģҾͲǰˣ
ĦԲɻͷĶķ˵
һҪ𣿡
ǲˬķķزĽҶʮˣķѾȴκ˶ˣȴոշŮ磬Ϊһ㣬һֱˬķģ
ˣǵ۵׶㲻ߣ
ķüҲˣһӣ
ǸľҶǾͺܿᣬɱϣϧǵĵˣλᱻɱ
뵽ǵݣķְһսϼľҶһΣɱӣڶǵأ
Сĵ㣬ǰ淢ľҶǵӰˣ
ǰ棬źŵΧȥȣ
ķԺսϿӰʱǰȴͻȻ


124
һôǿˣ
ʮ̶Լǲ΢΢һаĻȣЦһ
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ķСӣǸķȻǿʮزô˰
ʮеķСӣвЦһķǰĹĵķҪ·űŮ壬ķͲ
ľҶǡÿᡭ
ڿķʱķҲ򿨿ˣӲɵĿһİѣϲ˧ֿˣķҲ֪ԷǵˣȻĶҲȥжģҪʱԲģ
ಣ
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ľҶǣһ˾Ȼ֮ҰǿûˣھҪ汻ɱͬǱ𣡡
һϣɱ
ӵһȶſȥ
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ҵˣ
ų̣вЦһ˫ѸٵĽӡ
׶ݡ
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֨֨֨ɫĲ׵类ڵ棬漴ֻٵĻӶӰٵ˻Ӱնûնһɿֲʱǵ
á
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򿨿̼״ʱһȻͣͬʱѳУеһǿƣ֤ʩչҲSǵȻҪСӦˣ
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ͣͣ
Ȼǵٶٿ죬һЩûܼʱɫ׵ն̵Ͼͱն˹ȥѪҽڵϣ

̲ҽţڵϷʧȥսû취ˣֻһͱնʧȥսˣ
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ڱ֮ܿſ˹ˣ˫ֽӡһBݶſȥ
ҿϣոʩչôǿһУֻҪסȹˣ
һ߹һҲķѸĿſûбˣ侲ķǰ״
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һĵǿд̵ǰ汬ն˿Х̶쳹ţ
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˲ǿĸ˲зģ˲һֻ֣ǼʩչȽ˧ˣ˲һҲֻ˲ʮ׵ľ룬ʱȫҲؼ
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ֻǿ Ӱһ֣ĦˣݺݵĹ£
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Ҳˣָſըϣ뱻֮УܶҪʩչûʱʩչֻевϵӦţ
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ɱӲģ
ǲӵģ
һ߽֣һҲſҪÿǣӶʵ
뿴ߺһôأţ̫ù˰ɣ
ĦҲſ
ùˣһɱ
ҲЦŴ˵еľҶǱǱȵʩչʱ䶼ûУȸԾѣ
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˵ԴֻһûзϣķСҲû뵽ʱѾӵ̵ʵˣ˵ϣ̣űȵʱӡģֻƣӦҪʩչǧɾûʱӡ

ΪܹסңǾͺڲμΧɱҵɣ


125
䣡
Ƶ̶ֳȣͷڵľβѾˣȥĻȻӰǰ鷳ˣһӱʩչڵľβɺɫĲһӾʹӿڱӿֳ
ֻɲǼ䣬ķǾ͸еӿһǿаϢɫ䣬æͣסӰҼ
ʲô
ôôǿĲ
ôû˵ľҶϻôǿĲġ
аƣо˳һоΣհ
һ̾ŴʱĿֵĲȣһ˿־壡
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ķ֮ͣ󣬿ϵȴǼβĲϵڿܣɳʯΪǿڿ𣬺ޱȣ
飡
ֻһΪβĹϵϵҲһѿˣǿĲˣ˧ɲǼǱ¶˵У

ôܡ
ľҶǾȻôᡭ
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𺳵ľķˣǸһԷѾǿԶԵмˣȴû̵ʵøһԿ
һҪɱ
ɱ
ĦжǰһڶԿĶʼɣǾҪѿɱ
ӦǡβŶԡ
׷
ľһľ
ֻķΪ侲û֮ǰĴ滳ˣʱһľҶ֮ǰһϢеʱŵĿſôҲû뵽ԭľҶǾȻǲһˣӵд۵ľҶǣȻľһˣ
ѹ֣ѹд۽׵ˣֻһֻ۾ѣ
ķлưȷľҶǾǿˣ
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ôܡ
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ڿȷĸ֪Уβ͸д۲ϵںţȻγһɸǿҵаϢʶ
ɱ
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ͣ
ڳĹУǧɾҲʩչ˳ɺɫ׵磬һ±ҫſӰѿ Ӱɺɫ׵֮УޱȣǴ˸ǿӾ
ǧ裡
Ⱥ֮󣬸֮ǰ輫ΪƵһ̵ͱͷ˳ʮɺɫ׵նӿܱˣ
ʹǧɾеĿֱʩչǧ̵ûôֻڵ棡
ͣ
һոɫͬȴ׵նйһξ̴ȻȴæܿһԾ뿪ȫܹ˿Ĺ
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ûһˣҲûʧһһ̱ϣٶȿ쵽ֻһɺɫ׵磡

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ϵֻ̣ǰâͻطˣʱǰȥ
ͣ
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ɶ񣡡
̼״ǾŭһǷŭĶſȥ
Ҫ
ȥķʱڵĿôǿ󣬳ȥȫ
ĦɫҲ΢䣬ȥҲæʩչȥ

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ĦӰʱһΪֳ̫ȫſٵնȥľҶ֮նƵ̵̴ֻзģԽľҶǽľҶ
ĦĻѹϾҪܿ
꣡
ֻɲǼ䣬;ķ֣Ĳӱ˽ץסˣ



126
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ĦŭĶſвʱҲʧˣֻ±
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ߣֻֻǣ
˵вΧֻһҲеĿһۣһգ
꣡
ֻһڿеĿֻʮĿӾͱˣҽûܷѪһᣬˣ

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ɱĦʱŭе̫ݺݵĶſնȥ
ɱ
ôӵɱ˿ҲǷŭ֣ŭŶſȥƱҪѿնɱˣ
侲ķҲ⣬ͬӻ飬ɱˣ侲ʱҲʧȥ侲ˣ
һǾһɣ
ŰĹһЦѿʬ嶪£׵һӱ
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á

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Ȼ֪Ѿˣ̵ľУǵӰȫϱ׵ɨˣһ׵罻֯ţױǿʱʩչģǿ󣬿ҲӵAټϿ񱩵ķΧ˶û⣡
飡
Щʵ׵ȫڵϣһʧȥսˣķǣҲȫ׵罻֯ţȫˣ
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̱Լش֮УɲŹĻᣬеһն̾˫ۣͱһնɱˣ

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ſصЩʧȥսҲûзŹȫһնɱķǾ֣оϢԼ¾Լɱˣ
Ҳȥǰɣ
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ɶľҶ~ɱҵ~ȥ~Ȼڿӵķնµʱһŭ˵ȴͻȻһӰܿĳڿ󣬶ſҪǼնɱķĻͻᱻԷˣ
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ûκԥͣеĶǰķס֮һ˲ˣ
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ڿ뿪󣬿ԭڵĵطͼѵͬʱնɭȻ޿ӳɳ
ʦ
ȵĵķʱϲȻӦ͸оԼĽסˣͬʱҰһߣԶˣ

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ѿ˳ȥȿ²İĦв̣ʱŭ֣˫۳Ŀ򿨿
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ɶСɱӣķˣȻͱ߳
϶ſŭ˵˵ˣɱĵӣȷŭˣ
βȣߣѱøһ׳գ


127
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ĵУͲҷֹңȴֵܹĹ㣬˵һô𣿡
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ʲô
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ڻеķоԼڵĲʹˣϾŭ
ʵ㣬ȻҾͰϵ·ȫǹˣ
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޳~㻹ľҶ ~~~ĻȲüſ˵һĵĿſ
ûʱϻҵ뿴βʲôģ
ȵĻϵıʱЦһ˵ķȾͱȥ
ն
䣡
ʱβɲں̫죬ľնͶȹȥ
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㵱£ȵӰǱ˳ȥ
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ͣӰȴǵƲˣежնϣ
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ĹûЧѧˣٽǰˣӰ󣬽к
飡
Ȼսٶȿ쵽£ΪķĹϵȵĹҹڿϵģն˿ڣ
ֻǽֲӵʱ䣬Ͼͳĵ˿ˣȴǰȻҲĵ˿ڶ˵ҲС˼һָܻˣڷԼһûа취ɱ֮ѾźŵˣֻĶӰǰһɱ˿
ҲɱˣֻǲסȻˣ
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ಣ
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ʲô


128
ľҶǾǾβľ
Ӱɴ۾ƺȵϢסˣ
ܵҲǣԷ׷׵ɴ˫ۣǲţ˾ȿ֮⣬Ҳڿ츳ʵûб¶βʱܴľҶǵˣθǿˣҲ¶Է
Ҫһжˣ
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ӰɫĶ˵һ˲ʮ̣֮ǰûԤϵģ֪ʵĻͻÿ֧ʵøǿˣ
~׶~ܲҪԸ~һû취ס~ȵͷӦͨĽ֣ȻԸϣҲòһ㣬һ˵Ļû취¿ģ
Ҳ֪ķô~ľҶǸ쵰~Ҷķһɱ~˵һ뵽ķ°ޱȣ뵽Ħ˱ɱŭգ
ʱȵŵķȴǱһɽ֮У̴嵽ɽ׾ҵһǱصʯ̾Ҫҵô׵飬ֻܵȿȥˣ
쵰ʦ뿪ˣΪʲôң
ķ侲Ŀſߵ֪ΪʲôڿϣǸоһľао񣬷·ҪһķЩң
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ķѾˣӡûһ˿ܵĿˣ˵¿ͻɱˣ
УҲܾôһûгΪأһҪ취߲У
뵽ԼĦɱķмʶȻԺпٵ˼󿴵϶ŵǸķһ
ˣһսɱˣҲҪй
ķ侲ڿ ӦûжٽߣˣɱñȽϷߣ
еľҶǸˣе̾ѾˣɱߣڻѹаȻʢ

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ķʱĿǿƵѹڵаϢأԺиɱ˳嶯ҪŮ˵ĳ嶯ʹ಻ѡȻǰиŮڣǿȴϣѾаϢӰ鲼ˣ¼ȥĻаϢԽԽǿ󣬵ʱѹƲסˣ
ҡܲܳȥһ¡
ҪС⡭
ſ䱩Ű񣬻Ҫ˵ķ֪ΪʲôҪѹԼװһӵŵ
ķĻ˫ʶĿķ޳˫ȣϸԲ̲סҪ̽Ƕȹµķ⣡ԸеԼҪŮ˵ֳ嶯ǿˣ
ҪСﵱӵ棬ˣȻɱ㣡
ſǶķŰķ侲һ㿨֪ģȻһ˳ȥˣ

ôԣҲŲҪǰ¿أ
ķ侲ȴǽҲһߺ
䣡
ķߺһĻֻԴһڵѪҺʱԭһֻѹŵҪŮ˵ĳ嶯ӿ
ôϻ㲻ǰɣҰѣ
п񱩵ԡ嶯ȾĿķǴ³һ˫۾ݺݵɨķĽ


129

㡣㲻ҪҪ
ſķһŵľҲŵĺţȻˣķ۵Уȴǳ侲ûһ㾪ţΪܹܣѾںôˣ
ȻǸģ
ķʧӣҪŰԷĳ嶯ǿңһаЦţ˫Ȼķ磬ķĽʯϣ
飡

ݺݵײʯϣķʱʹһǰһԺҲڿǰţӴ̼ſ
Ҫ
ķϾŵſ񾪻ŲѣҪ˫ֻסԼǰ
˻
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Ҫ
ȻԼҪɫտԪأҲȷķĵһΣ״α¶˵УķҲǾŴţ߷ͨޱȣ
У㲻ҪѿھͰȫˣ
ķߵԵİķĶȹҲһ˺ˣһѩϸһ쳣ϳڿУ
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ҡ֪ˡ
·𱻿ĻסˣķŻشһηĿſ
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Ŷ
ķĻϹһЦ˫ϷǶѩ׵ĺ棬вϵı任Ÿ״

鱻ץķһȴǽҧûҷ۾ɿַ۽װģķĵˣ뵽ԼҪַˣһξҪˣķѹǳ
ķҷ˳ӣиӳ죬˫ԽӴķ߳Ӵ̼ſ
Ӻúõķһ£
Ҳ֪ķĺϻηʪ˫ȫ°˶ãǰķǰӳԼĻȷķ˵ķ˳ı⼫ˣ

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ءɶ񡣿ɶ񡭡
ȻҺôĵĶ
һ߰տ˵ĲϵĺſĻȷķһҲвϵĴţΪԼļƻܹɹֻоȡÿտҪã


130
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Ҳ֪˶ãķеĻȷ͵رһͣһɹ̵ĶǴ˳
أ
ķһӾ͵ɴ˫ۣоԼ汻ĹҺ壬Ҫѿ ö³ʱԴȴǱƴİס²ֻܵɴ۾͸оаҺΪֹ
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ʯڣңƨɸ̵ø߸ߵģ
ſǶķ
ķԽ΢һ£бһ֪ҪҪˣȻûа취ӱܱ߳ε˰
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ķ˳Ӧ漴վתȥ˫ְʯϣſݺ 
㡭Ҫ㣬ҡǵһء
ķһӵӻͷſ˵
ɶ񣬲ӡɫʱ־ԼƵʱˣһҪʱҽ⿪ӡС
ķ侲ķԼһ
ٺ٣ĺˣһܿܵΪŮ˵Ŀֵģ
ԹЦһӺ汧סķĺ飬 ţҲһķ㱳۾ķ
һ֮󣬿ŰѻȵķķƨɺƽķķʪУײƬ촽˽룬Ͼ͸оһ赲
ƣ
ЦţȻһһӾͻƲϰ뵽ķĽˣ
ʹ
˺Ѱʹ࣬ʱķҽеıŰķˮžžžҳ
ȻʹΪȡÿķҲŤƨ𿨿ĶˣĳһӾ͸ˬˣ
ء
ķԼ£ֻӵʱķ͸оһǿ ĿдԼķʪдˣİĸоķ궼Ϊ֮
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ķвŵ૵ſĶϵøˣˣķҲǱ侲ģѾˣҲҪӳȥУ
ûûˡ
ľľҶľҶǡ
԰ҽ⿪ϵķӡ𣬲Ȼҳܲĳˡء
ʱʱķʱſˣ


131
ķĻԭڳžžžŵĿʱͣȷоķûӦˣ
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ſǹһЦ˫ֽӡķϵķӡ⿪ˣķϵĲӡƶܳһСʱĺըǴʱĿоԼûаʱܹ㣬ķ˵ķӡģȻôþأ
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⿪ķķӡ֮󣬿ٴ§ķĽHžžžʯڲϵ쳹ţ
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һ߳ſĳ̣һ翨ϲõţķȴǻг
ֻҪ˾У˵˷йʱˣʱ˵лɱأ
ķа˵һ뵽Ҫɱ˿ķͻȻее㲻ˣԷô˵ҲݵһߣҲĵһˣ
ˣȫй֮󣬳ûܾˣҲɱֱӡˣ
ķа˵ȿй֮󲻶ˣֱѡ뿪ķûڶ֣ſĳ֪ʱĿжôĳ棬ʱȫӲģֻᱻƷȻӡûлˣ
ɡɶ񡭡
׻ҪҪá
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Сʱ֮ķб߷ߵİһЩ֪ʶ˽˸ɸһСʱ۲ˣȴоĲûУ͵ģĽʼеԲˣ
Щ˵ơ
ɶ񡭡
ôû갡ҶѾ˰˴ˡ
Ҳҵĺͥ԰ˣȻôȼӲ
һСʱ֮ſ˼Ƶķţ⿪˲ķӡҲоԼĽʼе㷢Բˣвɰ

ٹСʱ֮ķĵ׳׾ˣĵ׾Ҫ֯ԤԶˣֻܸһϵķH
ֱʱķžֵķ֣ļƻȫвͨˣûзй꣬͸оԼĽܲסˣȥĻ㿨·йˣҲûжˣҪ˵ˣ
оԼĻÿϸˬˣķ;¾̾ѣ̾ԼˣͬʱڳŵĿֱ˾ȻܹӵôǿĴ
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ķڸоˣʧˣ͹˿ˣԷƺܴսٻغϵģȴˣ
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ķпŵȴܵǰδеĿУķҲ֪Լȥôˣ壬ȴûԼļƻ


132
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ڿͣʯɽϣһӰͻȻ棬Ŀɨ·СɵͻȻ壡˻˻
ǸľҶǣķܵȥˣ
ʮ֮ڵķΧѾΧľҶǲҲѷɣһ ʯɽУ㵽ȥˡ
ľųӰѾǷֳɴӰΧһУȻȻӰ뵽û˽Ҳ󲿶ӽĻλΧţֻҪ˸ưѿӰƳˣ
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ôԵλãɵϲŻأ
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ಣ
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벻ĵطҲԷʹ棬ƾоҪȥУ
ľ˵һʯſڣ漴ٲһֱ룡
ǽ硭
ʮ׵һת֮ľϾͣΣоȫһˣľŶ濴˽ȥ

һĻ֮ľ˶ʱһķˣԭʼ˶ľ˵ˢһ¾ͨķ治ϵţȴûκһ
ô
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ϳȥźŵӰҹһԸǸɶĻ쵰У
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ڽķľ˵ʱǾ㶣û뵽ȻˣҲ֪˵ľ˵ûǿѡطŵΪ⣡

Ϊ˵Ĺϵķ߳Ĵﵽ˶㣬ڿĳһ¾ٴδﵽ۷ 
оķҲԼһȫķУ·ҲӰһͳˣľ˵ǰ
ȻˣһˣûбҪô뿪ɣ
ľ˸߰ǿӣɸеЦʲôõɪģǳЦĶľ˵һ˫ɫɨľ˵ĽԷȻûķǿҲǳܿɹˣҲǸŮ
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ľһӾͱ˶βĲȼɫĻ棡
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ſŭһ֮ľ˾Ͷſȥ


133
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ľ˵һӾͱˣֻӰҲ˳ȥ
ܹѶβȫյʵȻǿ
Է˳ȥвɰһ֮ȴǷŭԼȻһԼµǸˣŭˣ
䣡
ſǸľһϵľβʼȼ
Ķľ˵ͫ΢΢һβǾٺòˣźţҲſĶǶģ
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ˣȻҪԸҵСֵܣţҾҵСֵܺúõĽѵһ㲻ɣ
ܵľ˵Ŀ⣬һʱ䲻ɱסˣϱŭ
ĻľϾķôˣһӾŭ֪ͨ˵ʲô
ҪĻ쵰ҷɱķ𲻿ɣ
ľŭһſϣ籩ңһʱÿҲֻмܵķ֣
ߣķҪô飬ѵոûпжˬ𣿡
Цŵһ߻Ӧľ˵Ĺ˵ԴˣոձҲٵǸŮ˲㣿
ȥ
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ͣ
ľ˵ܣ쳹ţ뺷ޱȣľβҲһΪˣӵ׺аϢֲ
ϣ˵㣬û취̫ˣ̫ˣСöطдͷһףԼ֪дʲôˣ˰ɣ


134
꣡
ľ˵ӰӰһ㣬򿨿磬ǿͬʱѹȶϡ
׶ݡױ
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ľ˵ĹֻЦһе кݺݵնԷϣ
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ʱȻвˣȴһûУɵûֻĿЩϵ
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135
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ȻУľ˵Ŀɺ׵绹ǲϵͷŵģһֱʵڳϵ׵ľ˵Ծ㿨ſˣľ˵ĽҲãֻ߷ߵĲʵıţ
쵰

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һаЦţһ߾ͰԼĻȷǰ͵ƽײƬֱһӾͽ뵽ľˡ

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ķϲӰȻһ׷̰ȴɵˣԾķǰ棬ϵĽ֯ײţֻܿ׵磬ȴ淢ʲô飡
һӰǣ벻ڽ֯׵УľַܵԸɲҪҲ֪ôֲźã˽ֻģģǻûأ
ľڼӰ֮ҲͽҧزŭʹгˣӰҲܸжϳ淢ʲô飡
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137
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Ӱ˶ǽ˫ȭ֣죡
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ƵĴ߰óһװװϺľˣ»ڣƨɸ˫ȱ¶ڿУüͷ΢һ£ԼϹŮ˱˿壬Ҳӳľϣ

Щ֮󣬿ųȥϲͷŶɺ׵磬ӰȵУ
Ӱаβȣû뵽ǵһμȻˣ̴Ů԰
ȥϿӿŵ׵֮ȻҲɫӰˣɹЦ
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뿪
ӰĴЦҧгݵŭȵϵ׵ʩչˣ͵ſƿ
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һܵĽ磬ǲҪɱôǾͰѽſɱҰ
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ĻӰߵƽĿĲȻ᳷ˣοҲĲĻϾͿ֪ͨǰʱ򿨿ûĿܣ
Ҫߣֻоƿ磬ȵѣʱϵԽöһӰողŻһֱȴַľ϶ֵģ
ٺ٣ҰѶβôľ˵ͷųҿǻ


138
ӰĻô᲻֪Էأ΢̣Ϸʵ˵һ
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ĻĶӰոջϷʵɫʱޱ䣬϶Աߵȼһ
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ϵ׶ݣڳʱ侭зԹߵĴ߻֮Ѿ˸ʩչɫˣܹ۳ɳſֻһAˣ˵S׶ҲһܹЧ
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139
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ڳдۣԺҪֲˣǲһʣֻܶд۽һֲԿŻ˵ԥʣ

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151
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152
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ǵǶԸǧǶԸϲأǧǿһӦģǸٵºϲأԺϲҪЮǧ
ȻϲҪûһĻһԸǧˣ׽һºϲظӵİȫ޵㣡
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Ųǧٻޣ͵ͺһ뵽ϣ׵ҫˣ
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İСǵҪѵͲ̴ս𣿡
ǧǶſͺȵûмų֣Ȼ޲ɱ˿ҲǲԮϲصĻܻܵܺܿΣգԷбģ
ɱǣ
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ԿĻǧҲЦҪսɰ̴֪ͱҪʱɱǣǧǲܵģҲ˵˿˶ӣ
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֪ʲôǲ֪ߵغ񣡡
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Լǰģ
ǧһ˵ţ˫ҲٵĽӡˣһž˲򿪣һĿܱٻ˳ǧǰһӾͳʮֻܣ
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153
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뿪ɰ̴ΪǧǷֵһͬھӡֻ˰ɣ
ĿǰЧĻŭ ͬʱҲǲֹˮıȻô֪ľͳɹĶǧʩչ˻ˣǧ˵ļ䶼ıһ
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ЩǺˣҲģʱֻܲܳɹİʦĸθ
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ǲֹˮǲ˱ǿٵ뿪ˣҲ ǧǰһ䴦һ籣
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156µ߰
ſǲͷֿˣ֪ǲŲˣҲûֹڵʵ͸ı䲻ʲô
һǲϣǲҰ֮ǰͽ뵽ǲУǲٽˣ
ǲ峤ҲҪ췴Ĳ߻ˣͲܾȣҲȣȻǲǺѣǲȴǰͲ
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ϣǲҰǷˣڶ죬ǲǳľҶSͨǲȫֻʣ
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157
˵ͷٲԼŲǸϲģҪŪЩʲôֽŵĻҲľһɱʲôζ
Ӱ칫УԽϵӰĿڵдһ˿ͷ
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˵ģѾǿ͵ļˣȻû£ճµĻͲӰˣ
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֪ԼǵİСеʱǷǳ˷ܵģݵżֻǿŵһֱԸţԸſˣ֪οİžȻʼɿǲĸһǸˣ
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ǱǸܾСӣ
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˵Ļһ̧ͷмĶЦ
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ð˾ͽˣʦ㵽׽ûУ
аЦпȴ¶Ц
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һ֮󣬿ǵһ䣬СΨڿеСӣ

ڿһѩʱСӣĽǺݺһ̲סҪгͲڱϣҽгΨЪ˻׵ľгȴһͨ
Сӣ֣ת߷ߵŭſ
㡭޳ܡ
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Сӣȴǵûսһ䣡
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һСӣæ߿һ㣬
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175
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ڵĲһתˣϾŭ
Ҳ㰡ϧǿŮǿҾ͸Ӳܷˣ
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Ÿɽկ滹ϰٸǿֹѾûˣȫȥɱˣ
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Ҫǲôɫͺˣ
СӣҲһڶһ˿ߺ죬ѩϻܸо˫ĸо뵽߷֣㿨ʵǿҲڵ߰У
뵽û취߰ģҲΨаиԼһҪǸɫʦԶԶģ
Ҹıɱˣ
ɱɽկȥˣȴǶſ׷ʵЩԸôǿĸ׾Ȼô̵ʱھͱɱˣ
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һЦҲ˵̫࣬Ľ׷ǣ


176
ôſ˵ĻЮϵɽկǿʼɽկй¸ûгֵʱ²òˣһʱ侪ˣ
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ٺ٣Զ
Ц¼ģĿͻȻǱһŮһŵĸŮװ磬崿ˣӸмƣҲеŮһҪǶԷǹ帾˵ζĽݣ΢΢һ
Ǹĸװɣ
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衭
ĻæһٴתȥսĿٴ¶ŵɫ
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ͨ˶ɱ˸ҲСӣǾǿҵ¶̵ɫ²֣
ֻĹݲܱԽԽǿ
ȴǶһҪɱˣ˸˸ûԵĶ壬жԵ̴ĻԾͶǵˣʴȣڿпǾԲҪģǿôս׵
ߣʮоŸѾˣľҶ߻ǵ̣ʣµһ˾ʵǿ
ĳޣһϲӿԸоǿҪøǿϣ̵ܹأõĽ
ſСӣߣնɱˣ
СӣˣҪǲΪ׸˵Ļͱѧɱˣ
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177
Ź֮󣬿иһ磬
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Ҫ
ĻµĸϾŽŮķǰ棬ڿǰ
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ſң쵰
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178
һ˲䣬±ǵɴĿŴŽԼ裬ȻѿǸ˽ȥ
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179
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µĵȻ˵ˣȻΪˣһͦȵķǴκֱӻ뵽ķʪУ

һγܵôĶײ趼ǴĽһŴͣ㣡
ԼǱ軹¶ı飬¶ʱɵˣŵĿԼӡһֱͻݵ裡
ʼǿĳ̣ҲŤƨӭϿĳʱ¸ǱòУû뵽ԼȻ¼
߷ŭ¶֪οˣԭԼǱȵģڷˣ
ʼµϳ̵ʱ򣬿ͲԱߵˣ׷ſеаĽݺţ
Сʱʱ䣬ڶµĸ׽нʣʳµֽɽһ֮⣬Ķûʳ
ɽһƸɵ˯ȥ󣬿ҲûпҲϷһˣֱӾǿռˣ
²ͬһʼӭſտʼһֱſģǵĽһ֮µ̬ȾȫıˣԿĺһӾȫʧˣ
ڽĳҲѧϵſˬ쵽˼㣡
ӶҲ֪ˣ¶ŮˣȻ²һһģʽĵײٶܸ޵ˣ
֤ʵԼеĲ²⣬Ȼ˷ܲѣӶǰе˷ܶйµĽˣ
ֻǸ12ŮȻ߲ҲûôãֻһСʱʱĻ˯ȥˣ
ĴӷľҶˣ
ĸŮǴǻľҶˣ֮ǰȻþȴȵ׼ȥˣǵģ
ĸŮɲôװ˷Ѷˣɽһƻ˵ȴǸһŮΪƵĴˣúԲԼôྫˣ


180
ļʱ䵱УҲǲϵĽһ³񣬲ǵڴִDˣ
ŸоָʦΪÿλصжξҰǵıԹ
ʵսִУÿζǷǳΣգҪǿĻˣҲ֪ΪߵĲпᣬһڿĽ̵ʵͻͽ
˸Сӣ޷ͨɱ֣ҲᣬֺƽҪ̵ǲ̵ɱȻѣ
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ڲ֮ھ˼µʱҲǵ߰ӵˣ
Сģ
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Ե㵽Ҳ˵һΪټ򵥶ø˷εҲǸBǵҲɹB񣬵Ȼ˷ˣ
ҲСBѶ֪ģǰεBҪǿǵĻȫѾ˸ɱˣ
ſǱٴ·ˣ˷һֻ֮󣬿еĵڳ֣
䣡
һѴ󵶳֣˸ǰ涼Ǽʱܿˣ
˸СӣɫһӾͱˣ˵Ĺ̫ǿˣĿˣ
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վڵٲնɵЦһ
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Ļ԰漴Ķſʵ
Ȼʶ̵֮һҵٲնҪɱѱûгɹ̽Ϻպߣ
һЦҲҫԷһ£

ĻشǰȴǸӾĿۿԷôѱ䲻ɹܹȫ˾˵Էǿˣǿ˾Ȼ򿨿žǵĿʦжǿ
뵽Ǽޱȣԭ֪ˣû뵽ǳˣ
СӣҲǣĿĿ򿨿Щĸӣ⼸УûٱռˣԿŭ𾴵ģ
û뵽Ҳˣ
ȻĶ黤͵ģҾøˣ˳
Ĺάٲնȴûһ㻶ϲſȻʣǵĿ˵ϴ˵еľҶǣûһʤ㣬ԸɴˣֵĹϣ
ٲնĻǲŴͣҲǣϲѣ
ߣȻ˾ͱߵô򵥣


181
ȻٲնҪ뿪ʱ򣬿ȴ˵һ䣬ȫ
Ǹ㲻ףԼҪˣΪʲôҪµνս
ٲնҲһ㶣߳ŭηˣȻϾʹ˽ҹ
ôսĻҹȻӲˣĵӵͺ˵ˣ
ٲնŭſʵûߣľҶǵٶȳӰܵУ
ҲҪ˵۸㣬ֻҪܴҵӣҾͷ뿪
ģҾһ߾Բ֣
ٲն΢ŭӣЦһ˵

ʦ
ĻǾһǸǰôǿĵ˽֣
ôûϢʦΪ˶أ
ǾȵҲ⣬̼ǣʵҲˣΪ˶ǣ
ҪܹĻͷҽ̵ǿٽ
ǷӦ˵һ䣡
ãһûüëļһģ
ʦҪ˵㻰

СӣһʱæſӦ˫ðĿٲնڴ̵ʲôˣԲ˷ܲŹ֣
Ͳսаɱˣ
ٲնҪԼĵӣŭգСĻǱŭѣеɱȻ
ɱ˾ɱˣһٲն򲻹Ļľĵӣ
ٲնĻȴԵЩνĵЦ
ģҾԲ֣Ҫܴǣҷ뿪
ƺøոյĻ̼ǻЦ˵Ļڳе˶еޱȵ𾪣

ŭĪٲնˣΪ嵱ʱѧУҪҵͱɱһˣǸ˳ɹҵ
ٲնǲ˱ƿزŻһɱѧĿ͸ϲһĻɫҸӾ飡
ɱҿ㻹ЦЦó
ٲնŭһһԾгն׵Ƕȥ
飡
ٲնĹеĿյסֻȴǱ񱩵˳ȥ


״˸СӣǾæ֧Ԯϣ
Ӱ֮
ȱʩչӰ֮ϰٸӰһٲնȥ
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飡
ֻǲӵʱ䣬СӣΪһֵסٲնĵݺݵ˳ȥպöſڵķ򵹷ɶ
Сӣ
Сӣ
Сӣܴ˸ǾһֱСӣס˿
˱ŭٴγٲնֻ˾ôƴҲٲնĶ֣
ֻҪʱ䣬˾пܱٲննɱˣ
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ѻԹȥСӣһߣ˵ıֲɵһҪٲնһ˾صģѪ޽磬ڵľβ
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ǲٵƨŤǲٽеԽӿеǸذֻʵ̫ˬˣǲٶû뵽ԼôHһ죡
תͷһ߿ԼĶŬĸ׵ľȻڸӵʦΥ飬ǲپ͸оһĴ̼ܿʹ̼̲סҪйˣһ֮ǲջûסǿҵĿУȥ
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׿ϣHһĻŲţҪ֪ĸ׾ĲuԶôĻҲ֪θ룡ܻмôչĸװɣҲ޿Ҳ˵ϧԶҲû֪ǲȾˣ
ڿѹ̵ҺҲǲٵ֮û⣬ǲҲΪԼŮūˣӵаϢĿֻҪǱҺעŮˣͶΪΥŮū
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ڶ죬̿ԾͿʼˣûԼʶ̿ԵĿҲ£ӰҪ˸һԿٵĿʹȻ٣ٻɭϲֻǸԱץ׵С٣
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ȻҲкܶû׿ٵ˼ģĿֲʧȥΪ̵ĻᣬԴ󵨵Ŀʼ
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ȻСӣҪ׵ģֱӿſдˣ
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аһ֮󣬿ҩʦʱһȡһ֧ɶҩʦ˹ȥĿ굱ȻˣֻǿǶҩʦ뿴ҩʦܲô


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С֮⣬̿ԵĵһԿԻǸԭԶ˵ĵһͨһˣ
žǺ춹ǳˣڶɭҲŽˣ
СӣǵҸƿޣҪǿ޷սʤĵˣΣյĻԥҲùǲڿԣޣʦڵһʱϵģ
СӣǽڶɭֵĿʱСӣеһߣ֪ڵڶжǻ轻ϣɲӡԷԸСӣһ޷սʤĵ˾ٻ
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ٺ٣͵ǰɣǵŶʦɲϣСӣڵڶϣ
ԲɶСӣٺһЦ֪СӣˣҲͣСӣζһЦ
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СӣҲȿ˵ʲôпƿæת뿪ˣСӣԸоԼͣΪرĸеˣôָ̳˰ȫУ
Сӣ뿪Ҳֻ΢΢һЦ󿴵һæ˹ȥÿοߵĳ￨õģ
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𣬳ӵ˵ŲѣͷЩҿԼʵһֱûģ
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ȮڣޱȣʵҲֻϲԳʲôͼҪѳˣС;˼һΣ֪˵ľæ˵ˣ
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һ˵ţһҲѻˣԻӰиоΪ̬ǿĴ裬Ҳذ
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204
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׶ݡ
˲俨ʩչˣ׵ҫĹڿϣ֮׵͵ش˹ȥ

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֮ǰſﵽӰǿߵĸ߶ţȴˣһ˲ɽӡʩչ׶ݾ˵һˣ
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ĲôȥߣСӣߵƿٴηã÷֮һӾͳСӣ࣬Ҳ࣬һӭŴԴȥ

辪׼ʩչӡ֮УθͶ㲻ĹȫûϵȻܹ˲ʹӴ߿ͻƳſǼžβɺɫУҲºȻҪǱҲܣ


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СӣϽ˰һưɣҪվʦԱߡ
ǿѹҪǰĵСӣһط˺·ݺ̣ͷĺ˿СӣЩͷ˵аʶأСӣ߹ȫǴߴټһÿڵ궯ԽӱŰ

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֮СӣʦԶ㣬Ȼʦ̲סǿˡ
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ʦڵľβÿʹù󲻻ᶼֺ֢İɣֺ֢ҪŮ˽С
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ʦĸָˣ
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ΪʲôΪʲôҪңôˮšء
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ԼԿףȻ˻ô֮󣬾εٴ任ԸԼȻԾҪÿȥҪúõľһ£
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ԿûгȥǷǳǿƵĿž˵

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ͷžһãȻӣݺݵһڲ˵ĵʲô룬ҵŮ˾ˣ
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΢̧ͷſ˫һʱľѾȫںˣڵľжǶԿİֻǶ֮еļ䣬֪Ҫδڿ߲źã
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ʦĸˣȴĽûаγɽŭߺ첻ѣ
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Уٽʦĸˡˡ
ϷٴαҺΪŮū󣬻ΥԸҲԣ
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ڿǿ£ָ˼ľҲΨйԹԵˣɿʦĸ
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ڵ֪Ϣϰһԭк춹ǽɭ׷ٵģ󻹲ķͬھˣھѱĵıĲģҪǺ춹ʲôͲǿҪˣ
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212
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213
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214
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ǰɰ̴年ᣬҪݻľҶ
ϲ֮æſ˵ΪԷܵ±ɱڣ¹⼲һʱǰ͵Ҫĸ˵ԿһܰϢػӰģ

ǰĿ¹⼲Ļüͷɽһ壬ˣȻǰĿˣ
ľҶǿҲ
оȻ֮ɫΪ˷ֹϢ¶ֻɱ˿УϧһдɱǰĿ
꣡
һ䣬Ͷˣޱǿնſնϣ
ߣ浶
ĹЦһеֶĹӭȥһȫĹ۵׵ӣ
ߣ
ӦĹŭűǿϲбŰ֮ɫеĹٴμǿݺݵն򿨿
ɣ
ڿӣֻһ˶Է
飡
̺ǿһǺݺݵնڿе棬Ȼը죬ǿĵɢڿվĵ棬˲ѿ
ܡ
Ŀſô׾ٵĵǿ󹥻г˲ţһֱ֪ľҶǵĿ£ȴû뵽ԭµ̶ֳȣ
һԵ¹⼲Ҳǵɴ۾ˣе𺧣вɸһ˿ؿʱ飬ոʱҲģ
ܣ
ֻһ˽⵽ԼԲǿĶ֣ɰ̴̴ļƻ¶ˣһʱҪˣ־ϵٶľҶƻȻѾǰ¶ֻˣ
ಣ
һתӰͿٵ뿪
Ҳû׷ȥϷʣܵ˺ܲ


215
Ը¹⼲һ֮󣬿ƲϷʵ΢ЦӰһٴʧˣٴγֵʱѾ־ڵסǰˣ
㣡ôֻˣ
־ϸպſڣӰĿ΢Ŀſлһ˿ɻ󣬻һ˿ţ
ٺ٣ոǵָˣҹ϶ǵģԾˣ
־еľţ΢΢һЦ
ʲô
־ԶʱһȻ֮ɫԣеĵǹȻ֤ˣ֮ǰǷɰ̴ļƻˣڸȷˣ
ಣ
ڿͬʱӰͬʱֳһ𾪵ĿſҰ޸ɣҲµɰ̴ļƻ¶ˣ
ɣҰ뿪ס
Ұ޿˳־æſ˵ȻԸϣҰ޵ȷɰ̴ԲľҶ£Ϊ˱Ұ뿪־ֻѡԼסˣ
ٺ٣
Ȼ֪־ϵԸΪˣ־޷˵жǾϲѣһЦһ˲ʩչ־ȫˣÿɸҰ·

ɶ񡭡
־Ŀһʱŭһ˲֣򿪺ſķǻӶϣ
ݡ֮
ͣ
ɲǼķб򿨿ڵķλϣиĴ̶쳹ţ
꣡
Ȼķйǰ棬ȴǱڿ֮ǰȴ۾һ£
ôܡ
־ϼԼĴ֮նµĽ磬΢ţԵ÷ǳĳԾнǣɶ綼򲻿Ǹʱ

ʱںҰ޳ˣڼʱҰоͲɱ⣬ڼԼȻԷĽסŭ֮ϳ֣ɳҰǰۣ漴ֺ򿨿ڵķ
䣡
ȻЧǸ־ϵĴ֮һδԽκ˺
һĻ־ٴεɴ˫ۣû뵽Ұ޵Ĺûκã
״΢ֻ̣µģûʲôرĵطǶ߰ˣߵĻֻҪ̶̳ȾͿƿ


216
ˣȲдˣǻӿ½࣬걾ģ걾д
߰ǵʦͻˣ
״ڽ治Цһ
ľ
ס֡
ǡڿɲǣԶһӰϵ֮ʱȳ˸ϻ˭
ʦ
ʦ
־ϵоϲ֮ɫ֣׷׾΢˿ʦͺӦˣȻԿĸоһɽһأ˷ֺܶ
Ŷĸϻ˰һΪֱأ
Ҳûɱ־ǣԲɵתͷű֮䱸ͣǰϷʵЦһ
ɶû뵽ᱻ˵еľҶײ÷Ӱ˵ļƻȫ¶ˣ
ûм֣Ҳǰ˿Щܻĵһ򿨿оԷŭ֮ɫǲʣҪǸպñײĻƻͲ¶ˣʮİܹɱ¹⼲ģ
Ȼ㷢ûʲô˵ˣҾ֪˵еľҶǵжǿ
ĿĿ򿨿˵ôҪ֤Ұ뿪ľҶУҰ޾Բʧȥ
˵˵еĵԴٴеģ־ϿҰҲɵɴ۾תͷƵĿû뵽ȻǴ˵еȻ֪ľҶжǿǴ˵еȥأ
ʡʡɣҿûи㶯ֵɣ
ֻǻѻ˵꣬üŵĴ˵ȥӻֿͬס־˵Ľˣȥɾʹˣ

Ļϼѽ糷־Ĵ㶣ŴͿſԣ
ѵľҶͽⲻܡ
ȷӦûиǶֵɣ뵽ֻˣӲţ

ֵˣͷߣû뵽ô˲ţⶼ뵽ˣ
Լ֪ˣ
Ҳ˵ѷӡ˷Ӱʬľ˳ֶ
ಣ
Ȼûһ˿ӣҲӹĶȷ˿ֻһͨķӡſٵֽס漴Ĵ򿪣

״ˡ
ôܡ
ĴӰʬ屻ͷųʱȫǵɴ˫ۣŭ˫ۣԼľȻǵĴӰʬ壡
˾ˣһʱ䶼ûӦҲ֪Щʲôʱ򿨿ż
һıǵķӰľҶ֮ǰѾɱˣǼĵĴӰֻҪɰ̴һԸľҶˣ˵˾ɱǵķӰҪǡ
˵Ҳû˵Ϊʲô֪ЩΪʲôȥҵĴӰʬ壬Щǿδ֪ܣȻ˵ģ
Ϊʲô˵ɱ˷Ӱأ
ȻûнϾͻӰǿɱˣĿſ㲻ǿĶ֣֪ĴӰڶԷеĻҲƴһսҲҪۣ
ɱĻͲðľҶˣ
ûЦɵӶ뵽⣬ԷȻҪ㣡
ԲȻǰȷ̴пܵˣĿ˿һۣŸϽջصĴӰʬ壬ڣ
ﲻ˵ĵطǵ˵ɣ
棬Ƕһȷʺ̸ʱ˿Ļˣ
ǵķУͨĽʵˣĴӰʬѾǰˣʱ䳬ˣľ;ǼðˣԲǿѣôͶǴıˣҲ˿Ļ
ڵ֪ʵ֮һºĵԶμˣڶҰ뿪ľҶϻɰ̴ˣ
㿨ȻܾˣǼǱľҶΧɰ̴ôһߵĻԻ֪ľҶѾǰ֪ľҶƻģľҶ˵ΪʲôʱֿͲǰ֪ˡ
Կ˸ɰ̴ķڿҪӦģ뵽Ϊɰ̴ŲڱãҪԸɱӰĴ裬ǹˬĴӦˣʱβֱƻʼ֮ɰ̴ٸľҶϡ


217
ɰ̴⣬Ҳ˲٣ڶ쿪ʼڿôʵˣһºĵʽԣΪǵָʦȻϣֵܹǿһ㣬ŲԼϷѵ
ҲǸһӦѾصľҶ˲ŶԣҵҲ˽̵ˣ˷ģҲѧϰʲˣ
뵽󣬿ˣ˵ҪҸʦ
ʲô𣿿ʦôԽ̵ҲǸã
ȴЩ˵˵ǸԹÿһ񺮣˵ֲ裬ҪôԹô
ģʦǸ˸ĻᣬҪ㲻ҪĻҾͰѻˣ
û취Ը˿ִֻķʽˣһ㲻ҪͳԿ˵ӿˣ
ģʦҵʦѵȿʦ㻹Ҫ𣿡
Զʱɴ۾ݵӣÿһ˵ʲôʲôȻְ취Ӧְ׳ٺòˣ
ĴӰʦ˵
ͷȴûгҲԼҪڵĿǷǳҲսһģģʽ״̬µҲǲԼĶ֣ǿԴҲҪǲʩչģʽĻͲҲ

ĴӰʦ
ϾһӾ˿ĴˣſϽȥҲҲ̵
һＱӣ̲סͶ˷ܵŤŤȥƨɺݺݵһš
飡
޷˶ʱˤ˸ʺ
ʦ㡭
ӵ˲ɳŭĿ򿨿ԣǱ˸սڨڨЦЦ첻֪˵ʲôãҲ֪Լոձֵ̫ˣ˿Ĵˣ
ˣҾͲˣ
˻㣬˵һľҶжȥһӾԾ˳ȥ
ʦȵң
һϾһæȥ
ٶ˲٣ƽʱǺ׷ģû뵽ȴҧ׷ˣͷĿͷƽʱҲûлķϣÿ춼ʵ
ںȻ֪ʵڼٶȣ¸˿̸ƨˣ
ಣ
ľҶļȪݵ󣬿һȪݵ¶ȪԶһҲˣʱҲζķǳĿǰ¶ȪеʮŮԡأ
ͣ˽ŲǰͻᱻȪеĸŮˣɲ뱻һ͵ŮϴţŮ˴ѣεһǼƷҪ͵ЩŮ᲻Ȥ

աڸˡ
׷ϿͣڿԲϵĴϢţĿ򿨿ǰķ󣬶ʱĿɿڴ󺰳
飡
òȭͷݺݵôһ˵Դû취к
ǣʦܵʦˣԼȥɣ˵ȥľˣ
Ҳ˵ʹУָҲķ˵һ뿪ˣ
˻أ֪ΪʲôҲķȥҲڵλøﲻͬȫܰȪеĸŮ⣬Ҳ˿ѾˣҲ˶ԷǵĴӰʦˣǳŵָҲķ
ɫǣиɫ͵
˵ǳһӾ;¶ȪеʮŮǾŵĿˣָķĿҲ͵¶޹Ŀʱ

ɫǡ
ɫǡ

һŮŴȪվҲľҲڵķɱȥҲ֪ҪôףǶֻǶţ߶˫ȼŮ
ԶŸŮ˷ܵı飬֪ǻᶯ׷ɰѣû뵽ЩŮ˱뺷ҲԲ뵽ģ
գϹҵдˣ֪ˡ
ҲҪס˰ɣǲܣﰡ
֪ҲΪʲôÿαܵñӻˡ
ȺŮòһۣ͸Ͻתͷæ뿪ˣ˰ʦҲӦܲ˵ˣҲôܣҲ϶˵ģֻҪ˾´ˣ
֪Ҳ֪Ҵ֮᲻ᱨأڴ


218
ʱ䣬ĸѵѶ׶ݶ̸!ֵһǣ֮ͨҲ̸Ҳ˸һԼˣֻǽ̵˿һЩʵõ׶ݣʱǰѿƳȥˣϰ߸޵ĺ弼ܣ
ѧͨһ壬дۻԼ츳һµʱܹͻͽģ
ʱ˱βҲһĶ֣
ʱپͲͲܺ޺壬Ҳ֪ǿô̬
УôչͷҪٶһ²У
Ƴ֮󣬿ž뿪ˣƳܸоԸвʵԿҲ
ȻʵҪ㹻ĻǲƳϾ񿨿ǷǳȤģ
ӳЩ㵽ȥˣҲ㼸أ
صľҶʱîϦϳڿǰ㱨îϦտſĿǵĹϲãȻ֪Ǽ첻ټîϦջһֱġ
û£ǵƳȥתתˣ
îϦϲõ񣬿һ𣬳һסîϦյϸ˵ƳصĴ
ӵîϦգîϦյдԼһֱ̫îϦˣ鲼ǿ²Ļ˵îϦջкǿҲûйĸ˵ԼһЩܣ֮ܣԼ޵ȣîϦһֱǱȽأرʵ棡
һֱԼ̫ˣ
ЩΣ
Ƴأʲôط
îϦԾȵʵ΢΢һȻǳ䲻Ǳ׽ˣǰƳصĴڿȥˣԼŮ˶֪̫쵰ˣ
һĵط
Ȼ㣬ȻϸĹˣ¾§îϦ΢Ц˵޵ĴڣҲһ̾ˣȫһԼһŮʵȫһˣ޺֮£򲻹ҲǾûˣ


219
»ûȶڻûؼңΪȶˣֶˣԵģͻؼˣ
Ҳڵ죬ľҶеŮԼһΪͨޣ֪ԼͨǸһһŮǾϲѣҪĲ޵ǿ󣬶Ǹһ
һԼҪƳһʱУֲһӰŮȫŪȥֻ÷Ůȥˣ
ٴλصľҶʱ򣬾Ǽʱȥˣ
򣬺ҲǼһˡ
صľҶ󣬿ŷӦԼһ飬ҲںҲҲã
صľҶ֮Ҳˣ
ĿСӣڸҳ𣿡
ʱҲŭ͵ںɶǱ˽Ҵģ˽֮ҲúõĽѵһˣκοӰʧӰ٣
ǰһˣ˭֪ʱ仹ȥҿ˿ʧˣص֪ҲϾˣ
Ҳôм𣿡
һƽĶҲʵаЦ
ɶ񣬱װ˵㲻֪
Ҳ̬ȸŭˣ˫ۿſ·Ҫѿ˺Ƶģ
ʵҲʱҲ𺳲ѣΪоǿʵˣû뵽겻ɳֵزˣ
Ŷ˵˰ɣ֪λΪ˽̵˵ģֱӶˣͲøлˣ
ò£ŶһЦ

Ҳǳ鶯ѣʵǱˣҲȲѣȻܹ֪λľҶĿģȻ̿¹õŰ
˵ʲôǷϻСӣ־͸Ҳɳʲôزˣ
ҲҲƤˣԾ˵˵һ뿪ˣһƣ
ٺ٣
ȻҲҲƵıˣаЦһûж˵һȥҲҪڲԽѵһҲҪͨҲֲһԼս˫ıϣ
ҲѡĵطɭУʮ֮Ҳ˾Ⱥ뵽ɭˣ


220
ݡ׵֮
~䣡
ɭУֻҲ˫ֽӡһ䣬оһޱȵĻ¶ԶĿϣʮ㣬ٶѸһ㣬ɲǼͳڿǰˣ
ǿĻݺҲϵȴûж˷֮ɫأΪԼĻݹҲһпŶûУ
䣡
Ȼ׵ӰȻವһʧˣֻʣһӰ
Ҳüͷ𺳵ԸӣҲ뵽ɭ֮ѾʮˣŻѵһ¿ҲڲűķԼûһ£ԼķŪΪǱ
εն
ಣ
ҲҲüͷһ˲䣬ӰͳҲˣһննҲձܹǱ
С̫ǿˣֱš
øҲ˵ҾȻŰˡ
սһֱڼҲȴǲϵİɫͨ죬Ҳ֪ǱĻΪģԼӵĵӸˣǶôûӰ
ҲȴԵʮֵд⣬ֻƾŵٶȣͰҲԵģҲôǿȴκβھԵٶǰʲôǸƣ
ҲҼʶģʽɣȻսʤҵģ
ͻȻ䣬ֹͣ˼ҲɫȻĶҲ˵˿Լ˵ĻҲɶô𺳣

ҲôҲ޷뵽Ȼ֪ģʽĴڣһʱͣŴͣһĴͣȻͻȻڸסˣ
㡭ô֪һģʽģ
ãҲƽ֮ųԾĶſʵϵľ֮ɫôҲ޷
֪𣿡
ķһҲҭУǱҪྫʾжྫʣ

һҵģ
ҲǾʵı飬ûסЦŲűһԼϢ;ҲԼܲ˵ǴԽİɣ
䣡
Ҳɫ˲ǺһɻͷӿԺһǿķŭȻҲͫ΢΢Եó

ãҾС֪ҵ̽СҪ𾴳
ҲŭЦʼ˫ֺʮȻϢûٻ̫үֱȻϢʱϾðˣҲҪÿһᣡ
ŨŨȻԪϢʼҲֻۣҪ㹻ȻԪϢ֮Ҳܽģʽˣ
ҲʼȻԪصʱ򣬿Ͱд¶˳ˣҪģʽô£
Ҫ֪ʱ򿨿ͷǳĽҲ˵ģʽģֿҼֱ˧ֻһ㣬Ǿǽģʽеɸ²۲ѣ
ģʽĲյȻԪγɶԱ֮ɵģ
ǿʼնûиףΪʲôȻԪػڸأȻԪںϺǱɸҩʦģʽΪʲôǱߵأ۵ȻԪѵǲһĲɣABǴû˵ȻԪػָߵİ
ԿһֱãȻԪҲǷֹĸģȻôأ
ǲǿȥˣǰҲԼȻԪأģʽԼֻҪд۰ϸĿ֪ôˣ
ãֻҲ˫һգ漴һǿ ƾҲϱͬʱҲҲԵĳһЩ˫۳˸Ȧ
ֱҲģʽҲûܿȻԪʲôͬҲϵķֻȻԪضѰˣĲ֪ôˣ
ѵҪӵд۽׵Ͳ֮ܿ岻ɣ
ֻҳ˵ԼˣΪҪ˵ȻԪûĻţҲģʽ󡻯ҩʦģʽ߻֪ежôľ޴ˣ
ûдۿģʽµȻԪô£ҲûʱȥϸоˣΪҲѾſˣһը죬ҲӰ˲ǰˣ
䣡
ûʩչκԷŭҪݺݽѵһٵҲֱģʽǿٶȸһȭ򿨿ţ


221
!ǿҲģʽ׼ҲҲͻȻǵٶȸֲֻʶ˫۸ǰһɾſӰ͵˳ȥ
ಣ
ɳȥɲǣŷӦһ˲ܿҲ׷Ĺգ
˲СΣ
ܿҲ׷֮󣬿ϻֻģʽҲٶȻȡƣûҲͱҲܿˣ㿨д׽ҲƶۼҲҲ
׶ݡǧɾ
һ֮󣬿ûκԥӡʩչǧɾɫ׵罻֯쳹𣬻ϸԻÿٶϱǣȻԸϽģʽҲˣ
䣡
ٶ൱֮˵Ľּûٳһ浹ˣҲԵս鲻ϵĽֽţ˭Ҳռ˱ˣɭеľ֮䣬ҲӰʱʱ֣ܾ޴֦˽ֹһƬǽ壬ޱߣ
ģʽȻʩչдҲռϷ磡
һսǰ̾ҲʵӦ˵ûռϷ磬սģʽµҲ·Ŷԣ
Ȼڿ̾ҲǾˣû뵽Լʩչģʽ֮󻹲ѹſѹֿģʽˣ
ɶ񣡡
һ뵽ԼʩչģʽȻѹ¿Ҳ͸еŭʵ̫ˣ֪ͲҪҿ鷳ˣҪѵһµģû뵽ʵȻôǿ
ҪҲǲеˣ
ʱȴǰ룬ڵľβǿҪģȻڵĿͨŮ˵йڻ۵аϢսʱβǴһΣգԿ֮ͨ
̷֮ͨ
أ
ڸҲһζԹ֮󣬿˲ӡʩչ֮ͨ
һɢӰɲǼڿǰ
ʩչ֮ͨҲҲϵͣٻ޵ʲôģȻ֪޵ĴڣҲûмأ
ԭĴڻޡ
׵繹ɵ֮Ҳаһ
壡
ٻ󣬿ҲûиҲôʱۿ϶ٻԼϵĻٶԸģʽµҲҲʧȥֵ壬ٻΪľǽ״̬ˣ
꣡
Ļһ䣬Ӱһ䵽ϣ˲뿨ڣ
䣡֨֨֨
ɲǼ䣬ϵ׵Ȼǣӿ񱩣涼õһ
⡭ǡ
ʽģʽ
ſٻ֮״̬Ҳȴǲ˼Ŵͣţ·֤ʲô𺳵һĻһ
ϻһģʽʽģʽȻûģʽֵôǿǺʽģʽǿԽٶȣֻҪһ˲ܽʽģʽ
ʱҲĶ߷·ǰľɽѵʱ˸˵ĻΪǴ˵û뵽ĴڣԭʽģʽǴڻϵͨһϰ
ʽģʽ
ҲľȣҲͣûжˣɻĶҲʵģʽѵһĺҲģʽ
Ȼ֪Ǻʽģʽ
ɻӣҲû뵽֪ģʽĴڣʽģʽȴ֪
ڿʩչ޺֮˵Ľ־ûмȥˣҲ˵Ժʽģʽģʽ֪
ȻҲʵҲ˳ƶΪڼʽģʽҲ֪ԼǿĶˣȻʽģʽûģʽôǿûʵսʽģʽ֮ǰĿ͸Ҳ൱ˣʽģʽҲһսʤŶûˣҲѡսˣ
ͨҲĽ֪ģʽʽģʽĹ֮ͬͲ֮ͬ
ȻԪطֺ֣ܶȻԪأڸһȻԪأһȻԪأԪһļȻԪأ
ģʽȻԪصںϣγȲУʽģʽãϵ׵Ԫǿγɵģʽ


222
ʽģʽǿȫȡ޵ǿ̶ȣ
֪֮󣬿бǼ뵽ҪԼǸкʽģʽĻֻǿʲô̶أ
ÿεƳضԸоǿֲʵʱܹɱԼѹ뿨оޱȣ
ҲˣҪͬԼ壬òе㲻ܰȻûпѰζƾо;ϣãԼʵǿ񣬶Ҳô׵ģ
Ҳ˾Ⱥ뿪ɭˣҲҪأҲҪؼУŮһһǩͨ޵ԼһŮȫӵкʽģʽˣʵҲܹõ֤ΣʱҲܵõϣ
Σգ죬춹îϦգǲ٣ǣ£鲼һһԼΪͨޣĸŮΪŻЭˮӰڤʱûԼˣ
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223
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ҾԼӮϣɱĻͷҲԸˣУһֱһĵλ
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֨֨֨֨

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״̬ҩʦ¸ǺȻͲǿĶˣ񻹵ˣ䲻ҩʦʱҲ˾֮ɫ
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˵һϵƾͶȻ÷ĵͬʱҩʦȥһѹҩʦ
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ĵѪͬҫ׵磬һֻҩʦԼϱҫâѪ˾ʡ⡭
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225
ľҶսϵսûȥ⣬ϾľҶɰ̴£̴һֲ˺ãڹĵͷ
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˵Ĳ죬ϵ׵籩֮ವһײȥˣһ׳ľɲǼڽ棡

ͻȻľٶܶ߶ɾþǿǷǳǰĽģովһֱӱģײȥȻԾҪҲΪǾľҶشʧˣľҶ˵˲𰡣
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ȻǼһĻǳĵͫ˲΢𾪡ϲ֮ɫȻ֣

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ǿдУĿһе߲֪ΪľҶ֮һľҶǣѾȫ߱Ӱʵˣ

ľҶ˼ǾϲȴҧгݵİһӰٵ򿨿ȥΪǿ
ڸάڣʱֶڵ״̬һĿɿڴӣϻдŸոճЦı飬ж໬ˣôҲ벻ǵĳУǿӲֱӵĴУ
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ǱӰ֣
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ಣ
׶ݡɱǣ
ԴĹͷİΣһͲˣ۳žͰлû׵ǣŴϣ
ۣ
ֻһӴǱӰ־;ɱǸˣɱǵĳƲ˴ǱӰ֮Ѹ͵ɱȥ
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һ°һֻʩչյıܿӰһǱ֮У˼ôԸУϴθ֮󣬴һֱûսİ취Լ񱻿ȫˣ
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227
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ԶĹһŶûУֱһܹĹƣ˲ڶǰһȭԷ
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ʱںڰеĿҲǵһҲ֪Լڶĺڰ֮Уȷ֪ϵ׵绹ڣȴһ㶼ˣɢһ̾ȴûгֶپţ
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һӦĹһ߶ԼĵУҲ֪˶ãžˣͷ棬ҪϽڰ֮У
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ԼĹǲܴݻٶֱ۳Уݺݵĺڶϣ
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ضȫסˣٶȱݻ٣ڰʧ
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ʱۿҪɱͷĴ裬Ϊ˷ܶûвͷӽͷնɱȥ
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趼ʬ⾡ʩΧУͷҲֻεֹͣʩչʬ⾡ӶЦŶԿ˷˴õĻᰡողܰӡˣ
ͷгźź֮Ҳһ˿οΪʲôҲҲȥŪˣ
ǿɲУʩչʬ⾡ͷҪˣҿɲô쵣ϻӰΣ
ͷĻȴ΢΢һЦһ㶼ûоÿϧһһҪλӰľҶ˵ҲǷǳҪģ


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ڱд۴֮󣬶д۾кܴĿ־ڼۼȻҲ׵ͲˣȻĪ
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ɶҿɲ
֪״ľ忪ʼǿҵͼ뿪ŤĿռ䣬ڴı£Ҳ𽥵ĴŤĿռһĿԵҪͻƳȥһͲƶˣԴֻҪ뿪ŤĿռ䣬ʱ䲻ʩչڶͻᱻˣ
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һ˲俨͸оԼʶһ£ǰһڣʲô֪ˣ
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Ŀǰûκΰ취ˣȻҲǵҽˮƽǿԭ򡭡
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Ҳ˫ð⣬ҲϲڸоԵţҪǸֻĻ϶ܹѿҽκõģ
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ͷͷԵ÷ǳĳأʮֵĿ
ͷĻľҶҽԺԺҲǳԾĿͷû뵽˵Ϣھһ֮ȻˣӵʵһλӰѡͷεսԲˣҲôӰˣʱϢˣ
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ڻԵĵڶ쿪ʼʵѾָʶˣοŬҲûа취۾Լʧȥ˶ƿһ
һеԭ򿨿Ҳ֪ǾβаϢͲаϢںһʹӣ
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Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬д۵Ĳҵһĳ̶ȣӿֳĺɫɫĲ磬ýľΡ
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ĬҲ˿ڻܽٺòˣһлϣڼĿڵıŰɱ⣬Ҳߵǰҽ⡣

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229 ȡѪֻҲ֪˶೤ʱ䣬㳹׵ѹˣѾȫԹȥľԱߵĸ֣ٸлˬޱȣ
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ӹĵǹŲصж֪Ųûκζ֮󣬿ЦŲûʲôڰ ϶ˣľҶڴĹ²ûԸͷҪϻӰͲˡ
ҿұ֤Ų϶Ҳ֮ˣһҪɱľˣľҶķףľҶȡõŲزԸ⿴ġ
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۽ǿ۾ٴθ̾һҲʧ˿ˣָӲ֪Ǻˡ
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˵ĳԾŲظӾȣû뵽Ȼ֪ӵôд۵ˣ
ߣǷҲãֻҪЩȫɱˣӰλȻϷˣ
Ųоҫŷı亮âŵ
һϣСдۣذŲ£
ԷŲأͷ
ȵȡ
ͷȴܵķͷǳȥɣŲؽЩŲһֱ뷽跨ҪңӽҪ
꣡
˵꿨ҲͷķӦŲصӰϣ֪ͨͷǰûҪԷľҶ˰æ˼ֻҪ֤һ°ˣ֤Ųص񣬲ˡл̬ԼɱŲزŲʲô뷨


237

ȻѾˣͲ˷ʱˣͲд۵ͫ˲ʩչǿŲعϣ
ˣ
Ųܿռ䣬һӾŤˣŲظͲ֪ǿĿռͫѾˣռһŤŲصӰһӾʧԭĵطûаŲռ䣬ֱӿռɱˣľʣ£
˲ʩչ˲ɣŲؿһдۣȴʩչа᪵ķӦͱɱˣò׵ģ
֮һ֮һĲ
ŲɱҲɰһڵĲȻ˲С룬̬ģ
ӵĲҲָˣֻҪӵʱܰѲָˣ
֪Ϊд۶۵ľһǿĲԻָ󣬿һϲ鵽ľһĲǿˣ
Ҫ֪Ӹʼ۾ֲ˴дˣ⻹ǵһֱ۵ĸܵڲǿָܲأ
ˣ
Ųأ
Ųʧ֮˼ӵʱ䣬аŵ૳о𺳣ǿŲذӰĶѣӵӰʵôǵƤ±˲ˣľʣ£갡Ҳٱ̬һ㣿(  o  㡭Ųɱˣ
ͷѾ֪ӵͫҲΪǰһ£ЩȷĶſʵ
ڻû϶Ѿˣ
±ǵͷ˵Ųʩչа᪸Ļ͸ˣڻû֣ѾԿ϶ŲѾˣ
ʱоһƬ죬ŲëܾˣŲľҶ纮âڱһڵȻˬˣ
⡭
ͷһһʱҲ֪˵ʲôãһų˵ľҶŲȻɢ˰ɣһܵڳĸλ˽ȥ
ͷһɲɵϣҲȻŲдɱϾҳ󲻿ľҶ⵵»ǲĺãȻͻľҶЩľҶ߲ĲΣЩڳԸ⿴ģȻһһĴӦ
иϢҪ㣡
Ӱ칫УͷƽĶſ˵ΪŲص飬ʱͷԭĻϲҲûˣƽܰɣͷҪ˵
ͷ˵ԱߣСҲڣҲҲ֪ͷҪ˵ʲôСжЩˬҲȴ˷֮ɫ
ʲô飿
˱鲻һӣѴв³ʲô飡
־֮ϷѾϵ˻֮Ĵˣ˵¸εӰ£Ѿͬˡ
ͷ˵飡
ܾܾܲ
Ȼ׼զ֮¿ʶķʵλӰʹԼϵĵˣңӾľˡ
Ҳ뿴Ϸһͻôɣ
ͷڲƽˣȴǱˣСӼǰͿʼˣڻѣ
Ӱεս״ȻǰˣûйľľҶˣεӰ
ǰӰ󶼻أôܹܾأ
׸СλʱҲˣ̶ſȰ˵ǶԿҲ൱˽ģ֪ɢǲŲˬλӰλõģҪܾæȰ˵ȣľҶʺλӰľֻпˣӵоԵӰʵ
ǾǣѾûбܹϻӰλˣɲ͵!Ҳ¿λӰҲһæȰ˵ţ
ΣǱƹ
ˬĵһͷʲôʲôˣͷôķϣҾֻôӦˣ
O__O"ͷҲҲǿסЦ⣬ӦδҲ̫ˡ
Ȼھ͵ҷżٺˣʲô鶼Ҫңǰúõļ°ɡ
r(st)qΪʲôӵҪô󡭡
̾һҲͷ˾ʵı飬뿪ˣλӰ֮ǰԼŸǱģ
ڶ죬ľҶεӰϢľҶдˣͬʱҲ̽紫̽綼Ϊ֮𶯡


238
塣
쵰ȻϵӰˣ
ڤݺݵһӣ뵽ǸԼӵĿȻϻӰˣ뵽ǵӣŭѣ޲ɱ˿Ҫڤ֪Ͳ뵱ʲôӰĻ֪ʲôˣ
̴塣
ľҵСôߣҲûʲô˵ģϷһָͷ
ӰľҰڿϻӰͲ۵ף෴֪굹˷˺þãֻǾľҶӰˣˣʱѹѹһľҶˣӰľҰҫһ˿Ϸʣ
̴塣
ľҶովսʵǷҪҪûѹһľҶأ
ӰǸľҰ뵽һȥˣֻӰûп𿨿෴ڿʵǳļɵ̴ϲΧöԷܵİôȥ֪һˣ
̴֮ͬһɰ̴壬ʱΪһηӰѡأľҶεӰǿûа뷨ѹϵǰˣ
ЩС̴壬˵϶һ飬̽ͷԺһλǽľˣǧǲá
̽ôĶ֪ˣʱĿ÷֮ͨٻƳˣԭҲܼ򵥣ǿһԼᣬ´޳̽磬ģһʹôˣôĸǩԼҪ˼ֻ޵Ļһ˵شʧˣҪ֪һҲֻжʮλѰһǩԼľͲʮˣŭŹˣ
һͨԼύ
˵ſ˵пԷǿѹһԹƳص׵綼ǹƺˣǿѹѹϣ
ߣ
аһüͷ΢壬ΪˬֻǸӦƳܵǿΪɵģҵĲԣԼͻ㣡
Ҳ֪ԼĴûж˵ʲôͰһԼ˳
֪ĲԾͺá
ԼᣬӦһ˵һԼ̫ˣֻܱ߳ڱԼ棬һˣ˵ǵ֣µһȫǵԼ
ʲô
಻ɾһ΢ŭĿû뵽һԼ᲻ֹȻҪĨŮԼЧֻ°˵
Բѡ񣬲һµͲĴڣ
ڣ
ѡˣԼˣǱԼѡ֮ˣ
һ˫ȻĿӸµĸſ촽ĿڡӣͲѿﰡȻôԼһΪˬˣ
һǵ𣿡
ʵ۵д˲뵽Ͳд۵״̬ˣʵǱ̬ȸģѾЭˣҪȣʲôˣʲôʱ˱ˣŭŹ֣
ǵģ
ܳʲôƨһ壬˽ԼЧΪϡ
õ׵ŭˣȻˣԸɴ޳һ㣬ȫˣ
˵꿨ת׼뿪֮ǰʮòģڿ࿴ԷһۣʵȤ޳ܵŮ˶Уת֮ǰ˫ۻӵĿ˶Էһۣ
󵨣
ԿУ񳹵׵ŭˣ׵ȻҫƳкһһ׳׵ͶſڵλѸٵն£
䣡׵ٶȱȿκ׵綼ҪѸ٣ֻʶת䣬ͳڿǰˣ
~ȻĿ鷢ˣ׵նڿǰȻûпɲǼʧˣ
ôܡ
ֹ΢Ըеĺ촽оǾ֮ɫ
ոȣգ
ʱɲľȣа˿˵ʵڵĸոյ׵ٶҲڿˣȻᶯŭзҲû뵽Է׻ٶ֮죬ÿתɲǾѾѪֻˣѪֻ֮ͫһĶѸոյ׵ˡ
׼֮׽٣
еľֻһžԽӷŭΪϣɲǼԼִƳٻٵףſϣ


239
䣡
һʱƳطٵ漣ٶȶſն£׹ҫأͬʱҲƳеޣ

ô£׼Ϊʲôս
ô£찡ÿֲĿֶΣ϶׼ˣҪ군ˡ
һֻֻ޾гΨиεھͬʱΪǲѣҪǿսĶ׼Ļкʽģʽˣ

Űٵ׺򿨿г֮⣬ûпܶ׼˵Ĺģ϶ᱻ׽ɱģ뵽͸еѹ۾Ҽۿ
ꡭ
׼ĹĵǴһѪֻصͫæʹãһӾͰ׼İٵȫˣ

(t_s)#׼һٵĹҲ׵ŭˣӸոп׼ҪɱܲŭеѪֻطתոյһһһȫӿ޵׼ϣ
淴
пԭֻ۶߱Ѫֻȴӵ淴ʩչͫ˵͸оԼѪֻҪֻǿˣ
ͣ
һһڿǵصƺݺݵ׼һʱ䲻ֹƳеסˣ׼ҲԾŴ.еĽü΢壬ϬŵĿſ
ôܡ
ܡ
Ȼȫ׼˵Ĺٷˡ
죬ҿʲô
޵ı鶼һ(  o  )ԼģĿɿڴģ
䣡
𾪵У淴ľɲǼȫ׼ϣ˲䱬һޱǿ׵â׼Ӱˣ
ֻǵȾ׵Чȥ֮׼ٻӰȴǺĳڿǰ΢΢еľȲȡ֮Ϸ֮ɫ
׵㲻ÿЦ𣿡
׼߰ĸſ׵Ĺôܹ
ݡ֮У
׼һ㶼ûܵˣҲ֪׵׼˵ûЧˣԷȫ׵磬Ҳ͸ÿ׶ݵķݳˣһӾһAݶ׼жϣ׼ӷŭѵ¶Էﲻˣ
ԭ׼ǳɵģǶ֮ǰˣ񿨿ӵѪֻأһҲûôɵԷˣ
ҲԼƷԷҲ˵ܲܰŮ.ū֮ʩչ޵׼ϣҪǳɹĻһ͵Լˣ뵽￨͸Ӽᶨ˶׼ֵͷ
꣡
ޱϬķ֮˲׼ǰݺݵиϣ
飡
Ȼ׼ֻܷܷ֣ϵ׵ҫһ£Ͱѿʩչķݷ֮иˣڿУ
״΢΢һ˵ոյĶ淴µķȫ׼ʵֲ֮ˣ֪ĸӰܹ׼ɵĵһAݹģǿ׳뻯ӰҲ֪ԷûͣҪ֪ݿǿ׶ݵİȻӱ׼ˣĳԾˣ
˫ͷȮ
ۼҲУ˲ʩչһѪֻصͫһӴռٻ˼ֻ˫ͷȮԵħôҲĴڣ͸ɱҲʱٻħһ

ֻ˫ͷȮ󿴵׼ŭһͶ׼ԾϣſѪڣҫźâĺ˾Ѹ͵ĳ׼

ֻ۾ʲô
Ȼﶼٻ˳׼ٴϵſһо֮ɫ֣ӵеѪֻչֳͫ
ݣ
ȵͬʱ׼΢׵ѵ˫ͷȮ޷ǰ
ף
׼ƺ֪Ĳʣе˫ͷȮ֮󣬿һƳоͺ¼׵бĵ˫ͷȮƳнٵ׵ע£һӾͰѼֻ˫ͷȮˣãԭ׷ȵҲĵ˫ͷȮ׼סˣ
˲СΣ
ͫκβ׼׼Ը˫ͷȮ˲䣬ϵĳʩչ˵кâҫͲ׼û㣬ֻҪҵ׼㣬ʤϣ


240
꣡
елĵâ˲ն׼ڵλãƺߵĶ׼в׼ûոӰĽ¿Ĺˣһʧԭأֻ²Ӱ˲նֻ׼µĲӰˣ
ն
׼Լ˲пϣ˲й֪׼ٻӰڣ˲һն׼նȥдȫĿʩչľҲõĲˣ
ΪѪֻػһǾǿսлԼʩչİٷ֮ʮĲȻÿĲԭľβʩչټϿľԵĻͷǳĿֲˣǿĲָٶȼѪֻصİٷ֮ʮĻգС㣬ʩչľҲõڵĲܿһգ
ն
ն裡
˲СĶΣ
˲С˶Σ
׷
һʱ䣬ܵ׼ʩչľޱȵĵâƳзȥȴһжûе׼ϣ׼ǿֲٶڴʱչֵܾ£
ߣٶȶңôҴ򣿡
׼޵ٻӰƳҫмҲڿĶ߷ڿӵʵ׼лǰȵģ
׶ݡǧɾ
֪Լٶû취׼ҲأǧɾʩչϣԼٶһӱǿܹ׼ٶˣ
ҪǸкʽģʽĻٶȴžܸ׼ƽģ
սͬʱҲаţɲֻ֪ƾսߣʵߣ
ǰһֱĺʽģʽԼǧɾûоǿ״̬ٶϾͲᱻԷ۸ˣз϶ˡ
һֵ߽ͬʱҲɰڣ⼸ԼֻҪĵһǧɾǧɾ׵ǿ״̬Ļͺˣ
ֻϧûʲôֻǿ׷׼ʩչľ׼й
ҲǾһֱ׷ſϣ׼ҲڲһֱˣʼͣٻӰնսһ飡
֮ǹ
ս
һ
䣡
ֻ׼֮Уһ۳̬׵ննһ飬һʱ䱬ޱǿֲ׵Ƴпֻŷڣ
ۣ
ľ׼սһĿڱгܲסݺݵһѪӰ˳ȥǱվӰɫѿĿ׼ƺΪԷǿʵסˣ
ջոյĻ񻹿Է㰲ȫ뿪
ѪǱĿ׼ҲͣӰ߰˵ţлһѳ׵Ĵ׵۵ĳһʱ޵ͬʱҲǱ뺷Ů
Ҫջľ仰˵޳ܵǾ𣿡
׼ĸ߰ǿƣһɻķʶԷƷʣʵѾٴε޵׼һˣ
׼ôе̣˲صˣ߸ϵʲôʱܵһٶˣбŷĺâԻأ

һе׼ȿԼͶſȥԲĶ֣Լͳȫˣ
˲СŶΣ
׼ʩչ˸ոǿ˲УŶΣĵâʾһĽǶȸٶӭ׼ĹƱոտʩչ˲а˶ǿһֹ
ߣ
׼״Ҳֻ΢΢һ£ıǼһҲܿиǿĵеնϣŷ׵ȴ˲䱩ܹʩչǿʽͬԣƳ޵еĴڣû˿ϣ
֪ʲôǾ
׼жݺݵЦţ
 
ײĹٴײһ飬һɸǿıƺȻը𣬿Ӱһӽȵ˳ȥٴһѪежղס׷ɣ

ѪĿƺİܱݺݵİѿеѪµ֮һĳ׼ڿִʱҲ Ȼ۳һΪԸʧܵ׼ûз㡣
޴࣬ɣ
ķ׼ΨЦеŭҲûأ㿨ҲŹ


241
ɴûǹԼжһӵųɱԼһ»׵Ԫûа취ղűԼշܵģ
ԿͰɱֶʹˣ֪һʼʩչĻ֪ܲ׼һʼȲ׼ٶȣ֪Լٶûа취ʩչ׼֮󣬿Ϳʼˣ
ϵļŭ׼ʾҲ˵ʾˣ濨ȷʵⲻ˶Է趨սֻΪ׼ΪԼĽвԷŻҪľ׼ٶȾ㷢ֲתҲһʱˣ
Ϊ˰ȫԶԷ׼һεϲûʩչһֱصڲڰѱɱֶĵڱʩչ
ߴߴߴߴǧȻӿı쳹˵âǴӿıҫϵǧɾ֮׵Ҳڸǲסеҫâˣ
ʲô
һʱ׼ͲĶˣֻûжϣûܹвԼĹ
޴࣡
׼ٴβмһеݺݵն򿨿ûһ˿ȫ֣˲䱩ʮֹ׺ף
ˣ
׼ĹҲǰκֲ̫ˣһֻܿԼܲЧˣʵڲԼȷʵûдܶԷʵֻѪֻ׼ĹϽˣ
ߴߴߴߴ
ſͰбԳţݺݵײ׼Ĺ
á
У׼Σˣ
һֱƳԱ߹սе˫ͫʱ΢һ£еˣҲ˿пһˣ
ͣ䣡
ȻεľŶã׼еĹǸекݺݵײһˣһʱâ̫һмҫâ֮ʲôˣֱ̫âҫе޲ܿһУ׼ʧˣҲʧˣ

ô£׼أ
ô£ѵǶͬھʧ˲ɣ
׼Ӱʧˣһӣо֮ɫ֣ԼɵһУҪĻǵͲˣһûĴˣ
һʱ䣬һ嶼˻֮У֪Ǻã
Ȼһҵʱ򣬿׼ȴǳڿ۵ռУֻʱĿǱϵ·ãһ˺ۣѪ߰ߣ
ֻһǱĿȴԵɫͷлЧˣж׼׵ϵ׼Ǿװٶû֮أսռˣ
ɵ࣬ʲô
ʲôط
ڿĶ棬׵ʧʱƵһһ׼ʱͣԼϷһУŶſȵ֣׼ʱоȻ˾֮ɫ˵̫˼ˣҪ֪ӵûвȴʵʵĳ!
ôϵ׵ǲǲܵˣѵûи˵𣿡
޵¶ֵӣжˬˣһЦϷʳ
ʲôǸ쵰
׼ԶʱһӱͿ֪ûи׼ϵжһĿƣʱΪԼˣԲһʱ˰ɣ⵹˿ˣ
ٺ٣ǲ֪ˣˣ
׼ӿһЦѹˣ֮ǰеսȷҲûжܹ׼ģԭԷͲ֪ӦҪмǸСˣ
﾿ʲôطϿ״̬Ȼˡ
ſӣ׼һ߳ŭſȵֻ
ڶҿûһв
мһЦԼôԷĻ
㾿ôϵĽƣһԼ㣬ôô
׼ʱŭ
ǸЭ𣿡
ȻһЦ׼ķӦ֮У΢ֻ̣ԼҪĿɲֹЩˣ
ǣ
ЭˣϿϵĽƣ
׼ĵ׶ըˣҧ˵
ٺ٣𼱣ν˵


242
Ȼ֪ԼҪɱ׼ûôףԷϵ״ָ̬ܻܿʱ򿨿һлٴγɹ׼ʩչУ鷳ֻǿҪ֪еЧɲܵģ
ҿҲ׼˵ĻˣԷܹԼԼ֣Ҫɱٴη˵ĻҲǱȻģɲԼ鷳
鷳İ취ҲֻһˣǾ׼ǻȱʱѪֻصŮ.ū֮׼ԼԼŮ.ūһһʧ
Ҫǣ޵׼ѿӺܾˣֻôһˣɲŹ׼˫ۺеȡ
ʲô
Ҫ󣬾ԲˡУҶұ;Իʧϡ
ſĻ׼ʱһ£漴ŭĶſʵû뵽ĵӾȻ˳̶ȣҪ󰡣룡
ٺ٣ ܹõ壬ȻҲֵ˲𣿡
ɲԼѪֻصͫ׼֪һ׼Ŀֶô졣
㡭
ſɫжĻԸĵҲ׼ʵûʲôͷˣϵ߷Խԣʵڱˣ
Ҫ

׼ʱ޵ͳ׾ˣֻ׵类жϵֻܾűǿӵ뻳Уϵ·µľͱ˺ѿħڿǰչţ
𡭡
Ǿ춯ĵľ֮󣬿ﻹܵס˫Ŀ˲޺һϾͰ׼ڵ֮ϣ
Ҫ

Կǿƣ׼ҲΨбֵŮ㾪ŭĿţֻԲ֪ǿаռ˶ٸŮ˵Ŀ˵׼ĿܾԵ̫ˣ¾ͱͻˣһҽУͲ֪ʹΪ׼ƷˣҲ˵ʹΪŮԵһαƵ˺ʹ
׼ĲҽУֱˬˣ幹ȻƣҲͬɰѿҲˬˣϿһֱ߸ϵԼĿ裬ĳɾ͸о͸ӱˣ
žžžž
׷ˣռžžžսţ׼սսֻܷܲϵĳſսֱַɾһкǧ
׼˵ӰٴγƳصʱ׼Ǹ׼ֻǶڿѾûһĳˣҶڿκܲˣŮ.ū֮ɹʩչˣһҲΪ˿µŮ.ūˣ
֮ͼˣһԼٴα˻׼֮ǰȿһҲȫûˣҪôô
׼ѻҵ޴߿֮󣬿Ҳ˸׼кʽģʽЧȻޱȣڿʵǿ˰ٱֹţԼ׼֮̽ϾǲܵĴˣ
ֻһʵ֣ǾǿҪٻ׼ҪĲʵֲ̫ˣֱ͵ĳ̶ȣԿĲ˵Ȼܰ׼ٻҲǵ취ԼĲˣ
صľҶĵʱ򣬼ʱܿȥ˳µľͳΪľҶĵӰ
ϻӰ֮󣬿ʵеľǰѡдļԱ밵ǱΪϵߣڰеĻͲʺǣǵҪľҶϴˢУ
аûͷ˲УȫԼУеİȫһˣ
뵽ԼҪǳⲻܻĻҲãڰһеİƵֻ֯齨ơҡκһ˶ܹ´ľǿǻӰ˼
ڡĳԱȻȫǿŮˣԭڿİԱȫΪˡĳԱһɴߣȡʵԼĺ󹬵˼ˣ
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Щŵ¹裬°һЦ漴¹迪ڵҪ¹ˣôһŲȥãŲɵأľҶһǸԼˣæľҶ

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Եͷ¹ǿҪ¹ĹͷֻʱľҶ֪¹趨սԲʣսʤ֮˵Ҳ٣ͨתսԸеľҶŷ
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ҪľҶ֪ǵµսս¹ⶨĻ϶ᾪŵģȻˣã
ҲܿͿʼת¹սˣСӳսӭս˵ļʵǿľˣģȫһɢȥʰЩ̡˵̴ĹûдڵĻǴȫˣ
¹豾׼Ԥһ֧ԤĳˣˣֵĻпϣڵĿȫɱˣ
սܿ쿪ʼȻ˭Ҳ֪ʱ̷ҪľҶսһԶӰҲͬʱڸߴۿһУ
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ڿڵ˻ӰҲǴĵ׵ĸеˣʱ֪ѾŲظɱˣҪȻĵ׾͸Ӳ֪ˣŲǺޣҲŲΪľҶ׵ľȻܶʱֶβ˽ܣǶԷȷΪľҶ
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֪֪˰սʤˣҲʾսԵҪһľгǿߵĴڣֻܱľҶôһ˵ĸɱˣ֮⣬ȫɱˣ

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еľҶжǴ󼱣ǼȵĿֵĿĻǾ군ˣ

ΣɫƽޱȣеѪֻٴһڵȫռȥˣ

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չֳǿʵľҶǸĿɿڴŲŷ׷׾ϲ򿨿 ȣݲѣڿϻӰͬˣԽǰչֳ˼ǿʵԽܹ
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޲ţһƺЦ޵֪
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һŷֿۣԾò˵©ʲô
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248
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ͷӰ֮ǰȻ֪˭ȴ֪ʵģ߶ת֮ǱƵģʵǿޱأ
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Ѿ֪αԼˣԿһҲ¶ۣԽǲߣǿ϶İɡ


249
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Щ֪ô˵ӽŲصʼûԼܻصľҶˣ
ԱߵĿķǳĸж̹飬ɱŲأǲһ屨ˣŲҪԸֹˮĸǲʩչĻǲһҲڻôģȻǲһǰһЩǱϾļ尡
ڿŬĵܵܣҲͬжЩΪû취ɵģڿе֪ʵ֮Ǽϰʱ䣬Ȼûб
ȻϻӰҿûôʱ̵̵ֻܰˣ
ȻһЦ
ʵûʱ̵ý̵ˣѾҲǼһ̵ˣСӣҲʱиֵˣֻˣ͵ڲý̵ˡ
ò˵һǣ޳ܵʦһζԽ̵Сӣҽʱ޳ܵİСӣǿռˣŮ.ū֮ȻʱûСӣ롮СӣҲǳˣ
ȻףͬûӹħצľҶƻ֮ץĶҲҲǣ챻ץĺȿصľҶ϶Ҳܲˣ
ܹصľҶǵȻá
ôһ䣬Ҳ㽣뵽εжûжİܹŻˣֻҪܹ;ֵˣĴڶľҶ˵̫Σˣ̽˵ҲǣһȺķӣ
һģ
һЦƾ˵˽⣬Ҫһǻ׾ٵ飡
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ξиᣬҲһ֮ŻӦģһںļᣬĳԱӦûһ鷵أǻˣ
̴徳ڵʱ򣬿ͱΪ޵ˣһͲ˻ˣ
²ĳԱãߵĽ㣬ұߵĽңһǣκˣ
һ߸ҡڵܲ룬һ߶
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ڿ˸ոҪܲʱԱԶˣһſ˿Ц
תͷ˹ȥǷɶθǶһǰһҲǸոջصܲģ
Ȼһǰһ󣬲һһҵģǶߣɶұߣҲǵ½ǶĿˣɶǿˣ
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ߣʧܻôţ
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ɶһûжľ۾ȥȴǿ۱Ѫֻ֮ˣ²Ҫתͷȥǲģ
ɶͬĻнǶҲͬʱҪõȷϣ


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ģʹһܾǧŰټʮŴ֮ģ㲻ĿҾÿһ£λصʵʱͻоȫˣȻֻǸоҪֲסĻ˵ˡ
һŽǶħһĻҲһڽǶĶýǶ Ŀ־ԽŨ

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ֻһӷɶξ;㶵۾̫ˣĹ̫ˣ쵽ӦĻᶼûУֱӱ˲г˾ŶΣԸоԼٴѿ˾Ŷλ䣡
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ȵĿܵüͬʱҫ֮ɫǰֵĺƺ۵ĳԱǴûмٿȫӵŸƵֻʱҲľһеɫ޷ƽ

ųֵҲǵͺһоôҲ벻ôǵģɱ˷ɶθǶˣͱ¶ˣԤȫһ
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һῨһΨһĿˣȻʱͨԲûκΰȴÿȷһ飬ǾǾҲڸ
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252
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սǿǷǳ鷳һ¼ԿֱˣһǿҲûãǸĿ԰պ֮⣬ܿչ
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꣡
һ޷ݵ͸žȻˣǻûһܹܹգտɲͨĻݣʩϷֱͨĿĿֱӳպף

һ˵϶ҫպףΨеĶʱӳöϵպ׸ˣȫպ±ճɻҽ

ϵպ˵ĶҲûӹƣһͰѶԷռɱˣһûзֶΣ˲ɱˣ

Զʱ׼ֵĳˣ׾ˣôҲ޷ԼΪȻ˲ͱ˸ɱˣ
սı䣬һ֣ɱȣ
漴ŲɫĿȻڿֵҲ˴ʱ״̬ʮƣˣ۾ѪᣬʱȻһɱ״̬ˣ
رǣ
ųžûһ˿ԥһرȻʩչϧҲҪܲɱˣ㲻ܣҲҪҲɵǸ̫Σˣ֮ûмԿģȻΪ˵ˣǾҪвĴ
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ӲĿͻȻһȻʩչ˸ֻһֻһɲԼЦ
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ڳ֮УرȴǺݺݵĺڵ֮ϣ޴ĺ쳹ضΪ֮Ȼҡ˶޷վƵҡҡȥ
ڵر֮ϵĿص˲˲һ£ٳԭλãʲô𵴷ľˣļվ
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ųǰĿαװŸ޵ӣĶſʣΪǿģǶԷȻҲӵֻ۵Ͳòˣľһˣӵд۾ͷǳ˲ˣôҲſӵֻۣ
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һΪܹµأţ
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ŸС̾Ҳ𾪵ȫһĿɿڴӣôҲſȻܹ֪ŵݣҲûм֪ͳСϸˣоаˣ鱨ǿԿ϶ûй¶ҲŸай¶ģԲŻô𾪣
~ܳ˵𾪣ӰһԭԼˣѪֻ֮ǿչǰ
ʲô
Ѫֻأٴ𾪣ŵֻƣǾԲֻ۰

ڳڿѪֻ֮۵ʱ򣬿ȴȻķһٵ𾪣Ϊʹ΢ɾ裬źʩչ͵Ϯõľһо͸㶨ˣ
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254

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ĻͻȻ֮Щߺ˿һ
ҲǺܳʱ䣬Ϊʲôǲ֣ھȻ˵Ҳǡ
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СϱĴϿĻɫȴ΢΢,֪ʲô
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ֻܹʹã޷ģǳԼ˦˼ޣǼĴ߶򿨿ϣٶȼﵽ˲Ƶĳ̶ˣһӾȫڿǰ

еĺɫһͰѳŵĹˣ
ߣȻҪӽȳȫ㣡
ŭɶԭԭ߷ع;ģ֪žȻôִͲ˵ʲô
Ȼ֪ΪʲôȻѾˣҲ˰ѳ;ͷˣӣɱû
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˲С˶Σ
꣬ӰâݺݵնŶϣ

ԿĹ˫һɣٴʩչһɾ޴ųʱڳŵϷҪѿӰųⵯ

ȻԳŵǲʾ֮ͬ
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ɲ֮䣬˵ӰԱԷȥӰݺݵĵɳȥ

ԱߵСҲ⣬ͬӰ˳ȥײ£Ÿ˶Ʋסų֮СûٻӰһӵɳ˼׿⣡

ײ֮󣬳ŵ¸ȷʩչҲˣϵıĻͿ˭ֻ۵ƿظˣ
Żǵһ飬Ǿǿʩչʱûо߱ģҿȻӵֻ۵ô϶ǳֻ۵ˣԻʩչʱĿʤͺܵ΢ˣ
˵ĻҵٶҲû죬
֪Լʤ΢֮󣬳žˣľҶǵǰûпܣаڣ֪һʼڷ֮͸óˣڱֶû˳˵Ŀˣ
ŵȴʱ룬ߣ
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ոµͬʱͼʧԽȷ˿ֻ֪۵㣬ɫѿĸ֪ΧҪ֪ĸλ֣
ڱĿޣŷˣûôֻ࣬ѡ˴λܿôԶľ룬ҪǺѵģֻΪΪ˷ɢע
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ڿսԶɰ֮ЫһعĵϴĿɿڴĿԭܲȻʧˣʣôһ޿ŵǾ޿мһ޴ʯ
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Ǻǣ˼˭ãȻҸԣЫǹȥæ
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ϴ˵ɫѿޱȣо֣űǿɲˣǱ߸һ뿪ôҲû뵽ȻȫǵĹ

Ψ岻ԼΣоֻ΢΢һ֮ûЧ֮󣬾ͷĳ򿨿չǿ һʱȵÿ׶ֵֻĺ׶ݶûʱʩչ
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ǿ壬һ׵һȻƿݺݵİըɳȥ
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˸ûжĿܣ׵ֱǵϣ

ҽһȫʹ ׵ҫԵ÷ǳʹ࣡
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˾ôſӰڴĻݹ֮±Ӱݺݵĵ˳ȥ

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Ľ˸֪֮󣬿ǹЦ෴ɫȴʺһѿޱȣ

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ռ䱾ͲģҲռˣûһǲѪ㲻ҵĶ֡
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ԶģϣС£С֪֧ңм
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ͻǲһʼڿֵʱڽģнģҲǻ뵽һټϸոյ֤ȷʵģ
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Ц֮ײȥǶ޶һ㶣ŹЦҫϷ֮ɫֻ뿴ô·ģ

ֻǲж֮ɫ˲ޱ䣬ҧһӰ˲ڵķ׷ȥҪѿ
ΨһƽⷽȻô׵ĸˣԲܷ뿪
ǲߵɱΪӿзֳ˿ǳߵ̣ǿʵϳߵ̣о¸ͷ۵ģ
ڵĿĶ֣ǵȿԽֻ۵֮ѹƲ˿ˣɼƻõʮβ
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268
Ƕ˶ű飬ȫûϵǲ߾Ȼ¿ⲻײȥ𣿲
ڽ氡Ҫס Ļ͵ýУǸʵƿȥ
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ڰ׾ɰ֮ЫڽһߣֻǸɿţҪҲزˣ
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òƾֻгɰ֮Ы񿴳ʲôĿ΢΢һҲ֪Լʲôܶû¸޷⿨ҲûҪȥ
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Ƕ˵ĳɣÿֵ֮˲ŵ˿ǰ棡
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ŵԼǰˣæһ˲ʩչľǿ׷ҲľҶ̽ĵ
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ŴͣȴԼҽСŭֻܺܵɴŲʡ־˫ۣŵԼľԽԽ
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ǲߵӰųڿʧĵطŭĵһĿ⿴Ÿ޵ʬѣûõķ
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ҪѰĳԱ룬͵£ռβΪ
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ҲܾŹľҶǾͰ£̴ܲľҶչľҶÿʱȥоֻ۵ã
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Ƕ͸棬ܵռǮ
ɰ֮Ы͸Ͻظʵ
ҸᾡһЩĳԱľҶսҵҲ
һ꣬һͱ뼯ŴβޣʵǵļƻʱȥĹҲȫ
ǲ߼˵ܿ͸µļƻ֪ԭĴǼƻʱǱռβ޵ģҲ˵ģʵǱһΣУԲ̫ʱˣ
ľҶԴӳֳ֮һôǿʵĻӰǲ֮ǰûϵģǲлǷǳɻ󣬿ôôǿģӺھϵ鱨е֪ǰĿʵӦûôֲŶԵģ
Ӱˣû°ɣ
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Ҳû뵽ɱ˼ĳԱҲ㲻ˣ
ҲǿЦһ£ֻҪôοԼһ
룬ŷĳԱɱŪ˲٣ȫˣҲɱеϴɶε屻ֳɾŶηӡˣСҲ²ˣҲˣ
ԱƺҲʣˣǲҲˣ
ֻǿԸѡ ĻԸԭԱҲԸԸǲߣ


269
ռ棬͸˲٣ĻعľҶģȻȴǾܾˣ
ȻҲǳĻعľҶǵ෽أľҶܶ˶ǳӵģҲͲˣֻҪܹعľҶ˵Ƿǳһˣ
ڴˣҲֻ뵽ˣıԿȫŷģֱӾÿ뵽кΪһҪĶӳ
ţûκԥͽˣ˵밵òˣǰľҶİ밵˵ˮһ̵ܽΪ쵼СӳԱڣ
ȻҵĵӣܽĶѾˣд۵ҸӺʣԺͻˣ
Ӷ˵ģ
ڿĻֻǷۣڿɢԸôܻ᲻أҲΪ㣬ڿ̵ܹôҲ͸ӵĴмˣ
صľҶӰҲŽˣľҶ˭Ҳ֪⼸ ʱ䵱УΪӰĿȻ֮ܲмյսһӵѪ޽ľֻۣٲǲı̬ˣ
صľҶ֮󣬿Ⱦʹ˹ǰľҶһʯͷе飬ȻС飬ȴȫݣ̴ܶ嶼ˣԲű̽ӣϾɢķΧҲ̫ˣ
Щ鱨ʱ൱ľʣⲻսʱôû뵽̽絹һɧˡ
ÿ̴嶼뵽˱ս״̬֮Уڲѯʲô飬̴ԱҲԭܲڵؼ˿սµľ춯صĺۼ̽͸ɧˣ
Ǹƻ̶ȣʵҪ߲ʩչرǸرǱƣ׵ķΧȫݻ٣ƻֲҪǳһ̴嵱еĻһ̴ܾܿͱĻˣ
Ը̴嶼òʼ̴尲Ҫ֪ʲôˣĸ̴ӵôǿĿֲƻ
ɧ֮УȴڳľҶ̴֮֮Уһɰӿ
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ڻӰ칫УÿҪĿһµĿͻȻڽύϷôһ
绨Сѩô糡еѩ֮Ĵڣ
΢һ£糡˵ǰȥѩ֮ڵĿȴǴûȥģҲû˵Ϊѩ̫֮С˰ɣ
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˲俨˾ϣ ѩ֮
ԭоǿһɵģҲıʲôˣͰ߰ǰѩ֮
֪绨СѩǲǸӰһôƯ
ŵһɷϣǶԷ绨СѩνĹݸȤˣ˵ȤΪǡһɣ
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׿кſǸа֮޷ֻһ֪ˣʱú󿨿׵Ŀбˣˬ֮ȥ˵ϵӰ칫ˣ
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⼸ΪӰԸͲɸ̾һԭͷۻӰģԾ׸֣Сۣؼʱ̵ȻҲͳе˰ֽѹˡ
һ쳢ͷĿܿͷӰˣӰ칫渺𾯽߰ȫÿˡĳԱԿڰ칫ҿνˬˣܶǶģֻǸȽҪЩ
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270
ʦ
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ڻӰ칫棬ڶСӣ˾͵ǰ汨ˣ˵ǿִ񣬸˷ܲѣڿǻӰ˰Ӱ񣬶ôţ񰡣
һƽСӣĿſϵ˲һˬʦϻӰ̫֮ķͷˣÿŮ˿˷ֳĲޣ
ҲӼᶨҪϻӰͷҵϻӰ֮СӣǲҲأСӣͻϲ˰ɣ
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Ӧһ֮Ͼ뿪ˣڴſڻ˷绨Сѩ֮󣬾ǰ˵ĵصȥ
˵õһ̴ľҶľûôСͰ 
ǰָص·ϣݿ˻ɳͲܹжŲأȥľҶҪһߵģ
ǿǺģοʦǰأֻҪʦڣѵҲѲǣ
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ˣֻҪұ÷ѩ棬Ҫܾˣ
΢£漴˵ľҶ߻ͣΪ˿סѩ棬Ȼˣ
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ڵݵĻոµʱ򣬺ͻȻʹ˹Աһ
ݻ̫ɫһ䣬Ҳǣû뵽ҪסĿȻڳˣҲ֪ʲôʱܲģ
ңȥң
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űͬЩ㶵ˣݿɲܶԷǲˣҲŭ˿ûһΪߵľ򣬼ŭ ĺǲİ
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ʱķ绨Сѩһ˫ĿݺݵĶſأղѣ֪Ϊʲôͱ߹ˣòײӵİ
ļһſң
Ҹ񰡡
ץŵķ绨СѩŭſߵĽеһĲˬ
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һ㶣漴Ц뱻ҷǾ͹ԹԵĲҪܣ
˵꿨ͷſ˷绨Сѩ˳㲻źۼڷ绨Сѩһ£ˣķһ¾̫ԲԼˣ

绨СѩһæԶԶģ߷ߵĵſû뵽Ȼķ,֮˿вĻ绨Сѩߺߵĺһתȥˣ
ɲִǷԼ˷ˣˣ
ɶİ׷ɫǣ·Ͻÿ
绨Сѩ복Ϻĵͺһҫ֮ɫ


271
ڿѷ绨Сѩץ֮󣬶ͼǰˣݻ˶ԿһҲҲûκˣһʼʧķ绨СѩܱĿһǻʲôõĵأ
ҿƾճǰģȻߣҲ֪ܹƾճֵ߿϶ǺˣмڿչֵʵǾ͸ľˣ
ǰѩ֮·ϣ ˼䣬ȻĿ궼ûȷڲھ͸Ŷ뿪ҪǰպÿĻı绨СѩܵˣǾͰһˣ
ʦôֻһ໤Ա񰡡
СӣЩĶſʵֻô򵥵ĻȫûбҪǵİ˵һ˾ͿˣҪ߰໤ͣҲӶûȷ绨Сѩڲڳԭ򣬶Ϊ̫ˣȻҪӰӣ겻ɱţô
˸ҲɻĿſ˷ڴŻӰӵжţģȻôһĵ
ʦ֪ǸѩŮ˼˰ɡ
ʵ벻Ϊʲô뵽ܣ۾ĿſЦ

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һû뵽Ȼ˷ͼȻܳϵˣɫһ壬װ΢ŭЦʦ𣿡
˼ŭڨڨһЦ˵ʲôҲæջĿ⣬һ׳գⶼ룡
ΨСӣĵĿſ˼ոշ绨СѩģҲˣҲûпܵİ
ǿɲҪΪǸ򵥵ʦԿ϶һߵϮģʵҲǳǿҪһעĻܾܿͻȫɥεС
󿨿͸Ͻˣ˳һǣ
Уεʦֻӣ飬ԸʦͲˣȫǵıˣ
ĩ˿˵һ䣡
ģ
̫ˣ
ŵĻСӣ˲ûеĺ£˫Ŀһ˷ǾҪеѶȵ񰡣
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Ҳ֪Ŀĵģûһ˻ȥ˵
˾͸Ӳˣʼǰ·
ȻһǷǳˬģǾǷ绨Сѩˣ֪ˣһǿ֮˫ĿʱĹĵĵ˿һۣһͼسȥˣ
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İ׷ɫǣȻܵӱСˣ
绨Сѩڳ氵ţŭѣҪһ֪Լܲˣ
˫תţ绨СѩһʱҲ벻Լʲô취ˣ
ѵҪصѩ֮𣿡
벻κΰ취ķ绨Сѩ뵽ɱú¸Ĳصѩ֮·绪ŭλɱˣɲ
иĿԴѩ֮صˮԿף绨Сѩһʱ䲻㶳񣡡
һ·ǰУڿʼǰѩ֮ķǰ쵽ѩ֮ʱ򣬺ϵдӭ˵ˣ
Сĵ㣬еǱˣ
ǵһִ󴬵еǱعģͬʱ˻Сӣѵȴôŵʱ䣬ڳôʦȻûƭǣ

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Сӣ侲ĵͷȴǾһ
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˵Ķϵһüͷ΢ôһ͸ǱضĵǱ뵽Ϊ˻ǡ
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СӣҲǵһ䣡
պˣߵӷʮӷ򣬻С
ȻˣҲΨдĸ˵Ǳʲôص㣬ȻҲûָܹ߾ƾ㷢ֵˣֻҪǱصĵ˱ȳˣ

СȻܹôͷǡ
Ȼѻ˵꣬Ͼʹ˵˵ĹЦ󴬵ΧԶӰһһԳӰվں֮ϣһŮһף˵еĲף
ѩѩ࣬ܣȻ˰
ڴһ߿ųֵһûҪֵ˼
ڵ˽ңԸǸӣСӣԸǸŮģ
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272
꣡
˵֮ȾԾ˴̤źϣ˫ͬʱٵĽӡ
ݡ֮
䣡
һĿбݺݵĶȥ
˸Сӣ˼״ҲæԾ´ԶԼĵ˳ȥ
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һ߳ܣһ߻һڹԼӦһȻˣ
ݡһǰ׾
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ֻһײͱһǰ׾ײϨɢһǰ׾ȴǳƲӰײȥޱߵıϢͬʱϯϣһǰ׾ײķǴҪԷĻһǰ׾ͻݺݵײڴ棡
ߣҿСô죿
ĿЦĿôһСܹȥ

ôϮǵġ
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ǸС߿϶סôǿĹġ
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ͻϮͻսۿĹɢ˵ĹҪݺݵײϴϵĹԱǸ
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죬ʮ㣬Ҫײײ
Ψһ˿ģǾǵˣ˫۷ŹĿźϵսһһľɫŮһ

ڵݵĹ˼άڵп˻൱ҪģûΪ㻭治Ҫģ
̫ˣṥǵģ
֪ʲôʱѾ˷绨Сѩ࣬˵һüʱ򲻳Էһ㰲ȫУʱ
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绨Сѩһ䣬漴ŷֳǿĿһɣ϶ſе¶սˣôϣ
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ڿɲǣϵжˣһǧݺݵĺһǰ׾棬Ȼûаһǰ׾ըȴҲĹһߣ˵һ봬Աߵĺˮ֮У¡¡쳹ϰѾ޴ĴƷþҡ


еĹԱ´ûվȱҡεڼװ棬ݺݵײһߣֱɽĺˮ˴ϣ
绨Сѩûϵ˵Żأ͸оһҵҡΣӲҪηɳȥ
ڷ绨СѩΪԼᱻγȥײʲôʱϷԼĽһǿֱסˣתͷŷǿס
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Ҳˮ˴˵ˣȻ⣬Ŀ󵨵Ŀűˮʪ·ķ绨СѩʪȫĹÿ۸
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绨СѩһŷкüԱȥˣһĿ⣬绨Сѩ߷߳뿪˿Ļ˳ֻݺݵ˿һѣ
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ǡʱϵսôһ绨Сѩһͱ׷˳ȥɳ˴ۿҪ뺣
αأһֲ
ŷ绨СѩɳӰɵЦһֻҪӰһٴΰѷ绨Сѩסصװ棡
۾绨СѩŷԼûе뺣Уʱ֪ǿһʱͨ죬ոƿ˼أЩβһ˿ֻװסƵûг˫ȴǽץſ·ĵºȥѩصģֱӵ뺣ˮо㲻Ҳᶳ
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һŷ绨СѩĽҲжˣһʩչһڴһԲεˮĻѴ棬вˣ
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273
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ôӴĹȻûƿˮĻ
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һԱдԱſʩչ̫Ԫˮϲеľʧˣȡ֮ıϲˣǿɴûпôʵսƽʱĵӰеսǰı
죬׽ͷһҪ
ݻһ˷ܣŸĹԱȣոտԱܵһҪˣõİȫϺԱ
з绨СѩĹʩչˮĻɵĵסȻĵ׶ڱ§Żǳ߷ŭȴҲ֪ΪڿĻиоһǿҵİȫУһʱȻûзſץſ·˫֣Ҳûƿ
Ȼ𾪵Ŀ϶ֹϵˣܷѩѩ̣ıһǰ׾ǶǷǳɱģȴû뵽ô򵥵ľͱϵһʩչĽ絲ˣҲֱڣǲŷִϻһߣ֮ǰǸûз
ȡ𺧣һʵǿȶ֪ԷڵߣܲǳԾĪһͣӰɴ۾ŴҲˮһ˿ǱĿ
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ѵǴ˵еľҶǣǲ԰
ոλӰҶԷӦд۲Ŷԣ˵Ҳа̺ۡ
ſӲٵ˼ľҶʵǿˣΨһпܵľǿˣȴȷҲԸȷǿĻǻõųôҲΪӰĿʹôһ򵥵Ļ
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̫ƽ֮󣬷绨СѩҲóˮԿ׿ǰıأһļǰããıѩ棬ڳɫͷ׵Ĵеİն˷ܲѡ
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283
лura׷ɵĴͣ
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ȻĻǲ߿ʮİܹѴɲǴû취סĴ裬˵ʲô
ǶˣٲʵˣȣԸգԸɱˣ
뵽裬ǲ߾ԽӸоǰĲüͷŽǶ˵
ǣ
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ſ֮ǲ߾һĽŸǰĶ˵гһ⡣
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ÿֲϵϢÿֲ
ʱҲǳ־ͯ
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ҡҼ
ĿôӰ𣿾Ȼ͵͵ȥôʱ䣡е鶼ˣ
ڻӰ칫УַǳˬĶſԹ
ұΪǰȥʲôҪģ֪ȻΪȥһ
Խ־ԽڵһڣڴӰһģȴ椣У
ٺ٣֤´ˣ
֪ڸǰڨڨһЦƹֱĽڻУ޳ܵĸڸְ˵ѩ棬ҪֲǾֻкúõİοԷһٲУ
ߣÿ֣
һֽ΢һԿһף
֪ˣǲ˵ˣûУ
ŲԹ˵ֻǽıŸĶ
ţ
ȻտһģôһʣֵŭҲ˴룬ҲܱôӵڻеСŮ̬Ӧһ
ģˣ
ɫǣôʵһӰķ緶ûУ
ֱôһʣһ죬߷һ
ðɣҲõ.Ϸǵĸּģ
ٺһЦһ䣺ˣ
ˣһ죬ⲻʵһ𣿱ôһʸֻ淢Լ˫ȼһȣô
ɶֱ쵰.Ϸˣ
ŭһ˭֮һĸּСŮһ.Ϸػɲ磬¾˳ſĻ󵨵Ļشﶼ룡
ȻˣֵЩţϾ⻰˵̫¶ˣִû뵽Լ˵ô¶ǵĻһ죬زо˫ȼӿ֣Ϊ֮ˣ
ֵĻش𣬿ֻоСһȣ̫.ˣΪ֮ڵһӾͱȼǳɳܵӲˣ

һӲֵβ͸оˣʱһȥֻһڣ־ôˣԴӱռ֮ԵĿҲޱȵǿˣǰѹֵסھ󱻿ôһѹֲסˣ
ϹͿж룡
Ϣڸֶ˵һ־ʹӸֵĿӻ˽ȥһӾůĽɫϣָòŨķݣ
С
ǻӰ칫Ұ
ֽ޲Ȼסֵ֣ÿּ֣ͬʱŭ


284
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ааһЦǣйȥôԵԼأοеĸҲȻʪ͸ˣο¸
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ֶ׻һȥסֵ˫Ҳʧȥжô.ˣʢĵ˺޲Ʒһ
Ķж̰ڸֵĽϣ˳Ÿϸ۵ķ۾һֱ£˫Ҳһ̲ͣòץ

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̶ֳȣҲʧȥ˵ֿˣֻоͣ٣Ӱ칫йĴ̼ʴģֻе¼ȿ飬ֻҪĴһοһ£
ءϹҡ
µĸҲôˣڶſϵŤţĥ䣬Ŀ֣
ôһŤҲǿڸﲻѣѪҺҪˣ±ԼĿ£߰İӸֵ롭
ҵŮִս漴ڻӰ칫нָ֯ڰ칫гԣֱҲܲסΪֹ˲ֹͣսӰ칫ȴ˵սŪһƬǽ壡
ôû̽鵽ǲǵж
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ôҪĶҵʵоƻжҪǲ߼Ŵβޣ
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㣬Ȼ̽Σˣ
ſֲŸоЩ̤ʵңҪпڵĻĲ֪ôӦźˣ
һôǿûãҪǿ߲У
Ƶ˵ǲߵǰоǳıҪǲֱɱľҶľҶ϶ʧأ
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Ҳǣǿ߶ǿߵİģ
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ԣһĻǲҲŪʲôˣֻǼɵһ˶ѣ
ֻҪǣסߣҲԳû̴壬⿿һ̴ǺѿǲߵģһҪ̴У
Ц뵽Ҫˣǲߣɲҵģ
Уǲߵ»ƻǲߵж̴ǱҪģǿҪ
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ҰѻӰλøˣҲû˼
ǺһЦϻӰֻҪӰĳνڴӿʮԸˣϾһӰλñӦǸֵģβûأ
ʲô
ԾһҵϻӰУҲŲҪ
Ͼܾˣôӵ֪صľҶأֻڰаˣ
˵ȡ
ֵķӦҲ˵ҿɲΪʲôǱҪȥƻǲ߰뼯Ŵβ޵жУҵѪֻ֮ô𣿡
βޣ
⡭
Ļڵһվ֮ɫһֱû뵽㣬ôһ˵žĿ֪ΪʲôҪжˣ
ԽǲȥֵıԽǾȣ֮ǰͲôβ޽ͫǶô鰡ҪʵƿѪֻۣ֮ûбβĸˣ
ȷβ۾
ֻЩ˼Ķſʵ
Ҳȷֻҵֱ

ֵıԥǷǳԸĳľҶģĿβѪֻصĻҪϻӰǶԿİˣ
ãǾεӰɡŵ˶õĻӰͱ˵ӣҪúòҲſԣ
һջͬ˿뷨Ȼ֪ʱӰľҶһĶҲû취ˣ
˭ÿһֲı̬۷ʱڵǲ߸ˣжĻ̽綼Σգ
ٺ٣úõĲҵĸţ
ͬˣҲǻϲѣŴ·ĸֱڰ칫棬ȵѹȥ
˵ģҸɵûԹȥոͬĻͲ
ҵĸţ

ŸոͣЪĻŮսڻӰ칫ִ
֪ľҶ֪ҪӰ֮󣬶ʲôıأһ߸һ߲š


285
лѻĴO(_)O~Ӱ칫УľҶĸ߲඼뼯ڴˣͷСףҲ֣һЩӢ̣ǣȻҲٲ˿Ĵˣ
˵֣ôˣ
ҲԽ޵ĸ֣һ˿棬׸һµʱ䲻ô޶ˣ
ֹҲ֣棬ͷҲһǿֲ֪ԸľҶģ˿֮Ѿ뿪ľҶˣû뵽οٿ飬Ȼľͳˣ
ôľҶҼңҾͲܻľҶ𣿡
ԲɴĶҲʵΪˬӣ
Ǻǣ
Ҳ΢£ڨڨһЦȴǰѣǸ˵Ļ֮ǰԼ˵ԸľҶģ
ľҶˣ
ͷȴǲҲƣϲĶŸʵɫѣֿϻľҶӵĻǾ̫ˣ
ֹͷ˿֮칫е˵˫Ҳȫһ˿ϣĿⶢŸ֡
ҪǿϻľҶĻǾ̫ˣ
һǴоͶһӰǿˣҲõ˵ߵĲõˣ
УܸԸԸ⣬һҪѸȰУټϸֵĻԿٵķչ׳ˣ

Сжʮ˷ܵŸֻصľҶֺôľҶ˵ֱױȵ
ţиҪӰλã
ֿͷͷ漴ɨ˷еˣЩЩû˵ҪصľҶ

ֵӰ칫еȫǾһŴͣȻֵĻסˣû뵽־Ȼ
һʱͷǵԴǿٵתҪ˵ڿûεӰ֮ǰ˵Ļͷ޳ɵģ˫˫޳ɣ񡭡
ȴǿոλӰʮʱ䶼ͻȻֻһӰĻľҶǿ϶ɺܴĶģ뵽ͷǵĿͲɳΪӣ
ϵ˵̶֮ᱻס͵ЦĿǾʵı飬ʵ̫ˣ
û⣬ֻҪִԸعľҶɸִεӰĿɣȫû
ҲʲôķӦǵһֵָ֧ȻⱾǿõģֻϷͷǿˣ
ȻԸĻعľҶҪֻܹϵ˿ǿ֮θֶǲͬģ
ʲôȻͬˡ
⡭
֧֣һû뵽ȻԸóλӰλá
ȵȣ˵һ㲻͸Ϸһ۵ĻӰ
ͷŲŷӦ˼ԭΪóӰλõģû뵽
ǰ
ľҶӰˣ
һͬһʱڴߵĻӰȻ۵ģӰֻܼ볤ţǻӰʵ̫ϡˣ
ȻԸóӰλãǵӰĿĳƺһҪģҳȥҲ粻ǣ
ЩĹһЦ
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˾ͷǻǲϣģϣܹӰͷľҶ;ܽԴϲҲõĽ
ڸִֵ£޷ֻҪӦ˸ֵҪΪӰĿͬˣǻôѵͬⲻɣһĻ־ͲԸľҶˣɲϣģľҶôֶҲ¸Ҫ
ڿӰƺŵ⣬ͷҲûжʲôѾˣӻӰλѾԿˣӰĳƺŸҲӦõģֻһƺŰˣȻͬĻǲԸľҶǱͲ뿴ģ
Ӧֵ뿪ͬ⿨Ǹ뿪˰ѣ
ðɣǾˣ
ΪӰĳƺţλεӰλã
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֮ͷǾ뿪ˣӰ칫о¸ָˣŽӻӰŵģ˵Ȼỳʲôˣ
ǺǣҪͷ֪ǺݵһϷĻ֪ô룡Ǳ϶ܾʣ
һѱסֱĽĵĹһЦ
Ҫˣģ
ֿڿĻУԲ⽿һϵЦҲǷãǸֵ٩ͷһѰ뵽֮ǰһ𾪵ıͺЦ
ϹҪ
ֲ֮࣬ãֶ.ˣڿĻŤһ£̧ͷüۺ.Ķſ
ԹҪϹ㡭
ֱԼ̳񶯲ͷ.ģԺѣһЦ˫־ʹӸֵ·˽ȥ
ȻľҶϲ㶼˾ϣһ֮󿨿˸εӰϢһʱľҶ𶯣
ǰɣô£Ӱ˲ŵϻӰãôҪ˵Ӱˣ
˭ܱȿ˻ҪȻƵÿóӰλã
ּʲôȻ֮һĸּ
⡭ҲּϻľҶ̫ˡ
һǾÿ˵ӰĻּĻҲֵ֧ġ

һʱľҶǷ׷տʼǸеǳŭģҪ֪ľҶпǷǳߵģ֪ǸֵϵӰ֮ҲˣôԽܵģͷԭΪľҶɼĶģû뵽ûôأȻǽԴϲˣ
ҲʦúúõĸҪøǸ̫ţ
Ψһֱˬ´Уʮֲˬ
Сӣ˶ǲˬӻӰĵӵۻӰĵӣܵӴصĳ̶Ⱦ˺ܶˣ
ȥսִ˰Ӱˣ
˵СӣҲǷǳߵģڿʦҿ㱾ΪӰĲŻôİɣʦϵӰͲˬˣ˵ʲôĻͻɵڵҲû˲Ųɣ

ɫһ죬û뵽Сӣ³ˣɫΣǸǸ
飡
˽ͣСӣһȭ˺ˣ˲ŲٱԹˣ
ͬʱľҶЩϢҲ̴ˡ


286
ô£ľҶľǸոλӰôͻȻͻˣһ֮һĸּ
ɰ̴УӰüͷЩ㲻ľҶʲôˣ
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ȻľҶԲڶʱڻӰģ׷ʲôأ
и־ȻҲصľҶЩľҶʵ͸ǿˣҲʱȥľҶ߲㣬ȷ˴ֻˣ
˳Ҳ˹ȥ̽ľҶ׷ʲô飡
Ȼ벻ľҶΪʲôʱֻ˻ӰҲΪʲôصľҶˣѸٵķӦ֮ǰ̿Խ֮ɰ̴ҪľҶܵ˹ϵˣֻΪɰ̴̫ϣ²ҵ
ľҶʵԽԽǿľҶùϵȷѡ
УҲҪҰ޼λУӲһֱûзӰ
Ǹ쵰ʲôˣ
УˮӰڤ΢üͷһ֪ľҶϢ֪֮ΪͻȻоԼĿڷǳƣڵǿƵģǿǲǳʲô飬ľҶŻøּ̳лӰλã
֮£ڸֻعϢˣҪǷƽǲܺģ
ôᵣǸĻ쵰
ڤȻһΪԼȻĿеŭԼȻȥһǿռԼӵˣ
ˮӱ㵽ľҶһˣزľҶ׷ʲôˣ
֮ڤƽԼӵ飬˰׵ĸˮӱˮӱԸǹĿŪľҶ׷ʲô飬ȥ̽Ǳģ
ǣˮӰˣ
ˮӱӦһתȥˣһ˿֮ɫֿԼˡһ뵽ܳˣˮӱķһֻϲĴǰľҶȥ
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ķһƺڿܳʮֵ˷ܣޣӿһĪĻңԸܿܳµʵ
ֻǲǻ쵰ô򵥾ˣҪҲҪҵϲУ
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Уǻ쵰ˣ͸Ӱ˵ȥҸľȥľҶ̽һ£Ҫǻ쵰˵ĻǾܱˣ
£ķ޷ȥľˣȴûҪûˣľȥľҶǻô
Ҳ˵ķû㣬ǱץסôѾǿռйˣͦҲǼַѾַˣַһҲνˣ
뵽ķͷԼ˫ȼȻʪˣķߺԼôôأǿǸ쵰Լÿ𵱳鶼ʪˣɶһҪɱ˿ܽ飡
ô£ľҶô᳷˿ģȻֵϻӰģ
ѵʲô飿˰˲òøӰɡ
һɽ֮ϣ׾ǲ߲ʵ
ܣϷ¼ûܹǸСӣ
׾Ļǲʮֿ϶˵һڿʵǳţ
ľҶôᴫϢģ
׾ˣ
ʲôȻΪ˷»Ӱһ񣬺ŬıչˣʱϷˣ֪չĻû취Ϸ򣡡
ǲ߲мĺһһ˿ԵãڿһǳԺ
һӰôĲŶԣҲǲ߾͸Ͳϣһ㶼ûʲôõģͲͬˣΪǲϿɵĳǿߣΨһ˵ܻвǿߣ
ԭˣ
׾΢һ£漴Ȼ̾Ȼǲߣ׾ٵľͿ˿ͼˣ
Ӧ£οչ𣿡
׾СĶǲʵдһ˿־壬뵽˿ʵˣϴսʱչֳʵǰУڻµģʵǻˣ
Ȼˣռβ޵ʱ֮ڣҲҪľҶ鷳УСӲܱչأ
ǲһһ˿ƣϷ͵̴һˡ


287
ľ˽㣬ôһȥľҶǸ쵰𣡡
ķԽӳϵľ˴ߴʻ֮ǰķѾľ˵ΪʲôҪȥľҶˣ˵һѿĻ
˵˿ǰôĻ쵰ǶôĲ̣ǰʵ̫ǿ˼ҲԸڲͬˣпѾˣĻ˵Ƿǳѵõģʧʧ
⡭
ķıȣľȴЩԥĿǸǲеģ̫ðˣΪܺߵŮȴǸһǧѷĽѵĻᣡ
ľ˽㣬ԥʲôأھͳɡ
Լ˵ϰľ˻ǳٳٲķסľˮ۵ȿĿ
ѵľ˽㲻޿ǸĻ쵰𣿵ľ˽Ǳôɶġ
ķóˣҪľжԿĺ⣬Ͳľ⻹ͬ⣬Ƿһ˿
ˣ˵ˡ
ķĻľߺķĻԺвĸǰԼǻ쵰ǿַĻ֮еŭҲҲȼ
ȥӰ棬ֻҪӰͬǾͳ
ľ˵׻ûбŭǣǾҪȥӰ˵һУ
ðɣ
ķ֪֪ͨӰľ˾ԲͬˣֻҪƲƲ첻ĵӦӰĻܾܿȥˣ
УϷȥľҶ̽ģʵʵĴľҶ
ķľҪǰľҶҪӰǶȻܾġӰʱıѾʾǳķŭˣЦķľ˶̴ľӢһǾӢеľӢرľˣ̴ΪҪ֮һӰôܻ
ӰŭķľȻԤϣɫŲѣȽǵľѾǰľҶ뷨ֻķǸоʮֵĲʣֻǿŷŭӰҲҼ˵ʲô
֪ͲҪӰˡ
ķ֮кڲѣ뵽ľҶеǸ쵰ӰǺ޺޲ѣõıᰡ
Ҫٶ˵ˣϷǾԲӦģ
Ӱķŭ£ķֻҪڨڨĸľ뿪Ӱ칫ң˵鶼ƲֵģԭڴΪӰͬģǰľҶѵһˣ֪ʧ飡

ķľ뿪֮Ӱź˿ĵķȥľҶǾԶʮΣյ飡

ȻӰϵ ͻȻֱƺʲô˵һ
ʲôˣ
ӰӽűǱŭһͬʱվֵĿܣû뵽ȻܹǱӰ칫ҾȻûбľ鷢֣ոճȥķŮûз֣˵ʵ֪ɵòӰ֣
ܹϷϢ
ӰֵʱһǲߵӰͳӰǰ
˭
ܡǲߣôܻû
Ӱǲߵ ֣Ǳһÿǲߵ֮˫ͫȴȻôҲԼĻǲߣӦ˺ܾõĳǿߣ
ǺǣСȻϵϷ򣡡
ӰϳԼݣǲҲûоȣӰһͷ·һһСƨƵģ

ǲ˵ĿӰǷŭ֣ӰҲֻбŭҷҾǲߵı˵ƺһСҲΪֻƹ̴ôˣȻŭ֣
㣬ôܻû
ŭ֮࣬Ӱ𾪵Ļǲ߳ݣɾһ
ӻǵҷģôܣѾȥôˣôܻᣡ
ӰҲһ˿ɣ뵽ǰϴĿֲϢӰ־ֻǲ߲ӵ˿ֲϢ
ͲҪ֪ˣ
ǲߵЦһûӰУȻҲôӰˣûҪŲ˷ѿ࣡
ô
Ӱ˿ǴΪʲôɱҵ𣿡
ǲǰӰдҲԳϷ


288
Ϸģ
ǲ߳һЦֻӰôĻ
ߣҿɲʲôС
㲻ϷҲû취Ϸ֪㲻ľҶ󣬱øǿԸľҶģ
ǲ߸ӰķӦԹԵ˵
Ϸ֪ԥҪҪľҶ֣ϷģҪԥľҶսɣ
ʲô
ȻҪľҶ֣
Ӱһɴ۾ǲߡ
ߣϷɴûϹԼľҶһӣֻСӵԭ򡭡
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ĶѨ֮УҰ޵ӰţҰ޵ӰãԵʮֵǱ
Ұ޿ԶŪпĳɰ֮Ыоӿǿҵķߺ֮ɫһԼץģһвɰ̴Ҫ͵ùľҶ
Ұ޵ʮֵĽ˲Ըɰ֮⣬ҲǲԸľҶ֣ΪľҶˣʶҵģŻб˵ͬҰ˵ľҶĶˣԲķ棬Ұ޶ɰ̴ľҶ֮ս·
ɶҪϽ취ӳȥУ
ҵɳӡˣôźãҲ֪һﵽ˭Ȼܹӡɰ̴ܷӡɳ֮
ҰҪӳȥѾ֪ٻˣôҲ벻ӳȥİ취͸¶ǿҵĲҪɰ̴ΪľҶսĻһھβѵģʱʲôȥˣ
ţȻҵˣ벻
Ұ޲֪ǺھνѵʱȴͻȻԷĺ췢ӰͻȻͣеĶ૳Ŀɨ˹
ǺǣģҾͳȥˣܹҵˣӦҲʲôСɫŶԣɵĿܵʵ
ĿҰޣɰ֮ЫһЦ
ųɰ֮ЫӰ߳ȥˣȴҲǲ裬˿һ˿ҰȴȫᣬһҲĵܹҰ޾ߣмͳǿţҲǶԼʵţ
֪˭ҵˣΣˡ
ɰ֮ЫǼ̵ΣգҰͻȻҲ֪ʲôˣҰ޶ǳĵģɰ֮ЫսģԸɰ֮ЫĿֲʵԵ˻ڳɰ֮ЫУ
ڣҪϽ취УҲü¶Է
ܿҰ޾ǿôĶûõģҪĻȥϣˣ
֮ǰǳɰ֮ЫһֱۿЩȽϴ󷽷ܳԣڶԷǰͿԳЩķˣ
ҧ֮ҰҲΣǲǻܿľڳɰ֮ЫУѾһһ취ˡ
ͣ
һ·룬ܲʱᴥ壬ֻڿе £ٶԿҲãһһնˣͨϵַߣѾܹ³Ұ޵˭ˣ
ɰ֮Ыôߣɱһεˣ
µҰ޵ǳɰ֮Ы֮󣬿ʮֲмһҲ֪ǲֻгɰ֮ЫһˣԻǴһ˿ģҲϣ̽гǲ֮⣬Ĳκˣ
ȻЫǾúˣ
ſǹһЦʩչһԼ任ģˣеҲ΢΢ıһΣóɰ֮Ыϳˣɰ֮Ыڿ֮ϵģԲıһǾԻóɰ֮ЫϳԼģ
ʲôˣ
֪ɰ֮ЫĿ֮󣬱Ŀ;ĵͺһ䱸
ߺߣԭǺþòˣ
ڰһӰ˳ǳɰ֮ЫľȻǴӰ֮Ҳ֮ɫžЩϷʵЦһɰ֮ЫǷǳϤģڴеʱûټвĸһ˿

㣿ôܣôġ
ɰ֮ЫĻаһЦʮϵľг𾪵Ŀųɰ֮Ыһϳ˳ɰ֮Ыȴֲŵı飡
ôͲأ
ɰ֮ЫϷһЦıƺǳãⲻѣ
Ұ޵ģ
Ҳǿһ֮ǿӣųɰ֮ЫʵɫҲȻ
ûǸСӾ㿴еҪΪһӰѡɣ˵һ㣬ȻһΪӰ
ɰ֮ЫͷмѣЩĿˡҲ֪̾Ǳӣ߶У
ߣû˸ң
һĵ׿ʱҲһɶ˼ݳޣһﻹǸҰʮַеģȴһ˿ˣ˵һжΪԼڵɰ̴塣


307
ãܺãþû˸˵ˣ
ſǳɰ֮Ыüͷ΢һ£ʮֵĲˬӶŭЦһ
ɰ֮ЫΪɰ̴һԱȻһӰ㻹ûģ
Ųˬĳɰ֮ЫЦʵ
ѵɰ̴㸸ĸΪ˱㸸ĸôΰİӣȻƻӣֱ
ڶ㵽ǲΪˣһΪ˵ԾûУһ
Ұ޽гɣȻһشӽܴӵƲãһܶһ棡
ųɰ֮ЫʳЩ˵һ·ڿɰ֮ЫƵģһĵĻ˵óɰ֮Ыɫޱ䣬ѿޱȣһԭ˧󶼳֮ɫˣ
ˡ
㶮ʲôʧȥ˫׵ʹ֪𣿲֪ͲҪҼָ𣬾ƾ㣬㻹䣡
ɰ֮ЫܲЩЪ˻׵һ˫۷ŭĶſʵû뵽Ȼôɺޣ˵ĶԸȥԵ⣡
ߣ
һɰ֮ЫԸҪ˵ˣոճɰ֮Ыһ⣬ھͱָ߳ŭ˿ˢĸоͦģ
Ҳߣѵҵ˫ҲսΪ˴𣿡
ԶĲ˵Ǿ˵ץߵҰ޺ˣ˻ܱҹٻܵõĸİأҰ޿ǱԼ׸ԹޣҪɱ
ֹˣҰÿ컹Ҫһβغ׵Ӱ죬ÿ˯ʱ䶼Сʱеʹȵ˵𣿡
ҰҲûԹ޴ӣһΪ˴룬Ӷõ˴ӵϿɣ
˵Ұޱʲôһ
ƺϷݹͷˣԽ˵Խųɰ֮Ыָ𣬴ѣ֮Щδ ӣǽһհ
رǿųɰ֮ЫңŭޱȴֱƿԵӣÿдЦֹ

ɰ֮ЫпŭѣǾҲʲôΪɰ֮ЫҲ֪˵ʵҰ޸ĶԱˣʮֲʳϣҲòϣֻǳϵĻ֤ʵųҪȻͲᱳѴˣ
Լĵų֮󣬳ɰ֮Ы߳ŭԸһ㣡
úʹǰɣһԶıſɶģ
ųɰ֮Ы˫ĿĶſ˵ϵƽڽڸ˵ֻеɱ˶ԷЩԸĻˣ
ߣųԼĹʧҳϣ
Ļ᲻֪ɰ֮Ы߳ŭˣЦһɱҲڸǲųʵ
Ҫɰ֮ЫɣֲҪģǱԼʲأ
ȥ
ɰ֮ЫҲ˵κһ仰ˣŭһ˲ٻˢˢĶſȥ
ͣ
ֻڳɰ֮ЫĲ£˫۷׷״򿪣Ļʱһѵ｣籩׷򿨿
ߣ
״мһߣеնһлնȥγһЩ｣ֻܶȫеնϣ׷׵ڵ֮ϣ
ôǿĵɰ֮Ыһ˿⣬źâֻ֣ ɱȥ

ֻªĿڵĳ򿨿ͺֻƵģηֻԶԶסˣ
˫»
ֻܵĿлն˼ĵתУնſֲпնֻܣ
ͣ
ն˲նֻܵΣһֻܱͣڿУ죬ֻܾͷεڵϣɳɰ֮ЫĿ֮ǿҲܶʱ֮ڰǸӸԭˣ˵һɲǼͱˣ
ôᡭ
ɰ֮Ы˫ͫ΢΢һȻչֳľ˵ˣʵѾܹսˣֻǴӰ𣿶ԷΪʲôֱӵϷӰأ
𺳲֮ʣɰ֮ЫҲûͣ£һͷųʮֻܳǹ򿨿
ؼʮɣ
ಣ
ʮֻ ڳɰ֮ЫĲ£ÿӲͬĽǶɱ򿨿
ն裡
Ĭһննʮֻڿն·׷׷飡
㵽˭
նôǿĵɰ֮ЫʧɵĿ⿴ſ


308
չֳǿȻóɰ֮Ывˣ֪ͲӦӵôǿĵŶԣҶԷĵһ˿óɰ֮Ы죬ԾԻǰ˱㲻ˣ
򣬺Ƿӵ̫ǿ˵㣬ȻղסֽŰ
źһ֪װȥˣԼûпƺԼʵ¶ˣ
쵰㵽˭
ɰ֮Ы͸ȷǰ˲ˣ뵽ոտȻѵɰ֮Ыо͸оһԵķŭǧɽһܵ緢ĿðĶſеķŭǿޱȣȼһˣ
ǺǣͿûб±Ƶұ/¶ˣ
мһЦɰ֮ЫԸܸóɰ֮ЫŭöԷɥʧǣ
˭㶼ˣ
㳢ҵĺؼ
Ȼɰ֮Ыٴŭһֻֻܱٻ˳ϰֻܣһӾͰѶ.ѨͨˣȻЩխĵطҲûзɰ֮ЫĿ֮ݣϰֻڳɰ֮ЫĲޱȵķ׷׳򿨿
ؼն
е㿴ͷǲ
ϰֻĿܹȻĸڲмһЦ׵綼ûڵ棬ֱʩչƽնһնն
ͣ
飡
꣡꣡
ֻеնһնپֻܱնϰֻܣȻûһֻܹǰģֻӵʱ䶼ɰ֮ЫݵĿܾһ룡
ܡ
еնòƵնɰ֮ЫеɫԽҪôӴĲһֱնԷʲôˣ
һĿܱ٣Ҳóɰ֮ЫŭֲʣŭȻǿܱ٣ʾΪĻˣͨУ˵ʮֵĲȻĻԷնôҲô̵ʱھͰԼĿܻٵһģ
ҾͲĲĲģ
ɰ֮Ыһ󷢺ݣҲܶԷʲôˣֻŶԷĲôӴ󣬼ʣµĿܹſʣһĿܣɲݵƶռ͸ˣ˵սûмˣ
ܿɰ֮Ы֪Լˣ˵ĲĲһһննƵĿҲϵıնݻ٣Сʱ֮󣬳ɰ֮ЫֻҵĲֻػǰҲǾֵĿſ
㡭ǡ
ɰ֮ЫѾµĵ˭ˣֻҳϣǱʲô˶Ҫֲɰ֮Ыһӳ˿־壬Ŀ־壬һεˣԲŸϧŵʱ򣬸ӲԸȥ
³˭ˣ
һЦҪľǳɰ֮ЫǾֵı飡
׵⣡
飡
ſͰϵ׵⿪ˣ¶ԭӰ׵ǿзģûʲôãǱȱһ㣬˲׿Ҳǿ۸ߵֶΰˣҪǳɰ֮ЫǿĻܹģ
Ȼ㡭
ɰ֮Ыͫ΢.ľһӰ˳ȥҲûһ˿ս.ˣ˭һսԿ᲻һ˿ϣĳ˾
û뵽һ֮ȴˣһΪһε˶ηأ
ųɰ֮ЫЦţţ
ߣһε˲Ÿ֪ŵĿɹòá
һɰ֮Ыߵķһ
ԭˣǲˣ
˵ţпʼ˼ҪҪѳɰ֮Ыɱˣǲã
Ź𣿡
ɰ֮ЫЦŲſŹлһ˿ϣ
ȻҵһƲУʱܹƿͿԸԸˣ
ȻһЦѾ ˾ϣڳɰ֮ЫϾûлֻҪԼܹƿסԷ
ʲô
ɰ֮ЫһǲſȻԸ·ҲӾҪǱɱҪܵ飬Լƿڱ˵Уκ˶Ҫģ
ʮӵĿʱ䣬Լѡɣ
ҪѡĻţ
ɰ֮ЫԽܵӣһЦͲųɰ֮Ыܣܾոǿ˳ɰ֮Ыôˣ


309
ԿĻɰ֮Ыʱ֮Уͷ
Ȼ㣡˵ָʦ
ڳɰ֮ЫʱҰͻȻˣӰ֮󲻸ŵľһ
ʱҰĿޱȣԭ˻ᱻɰ֮ЫɱˣԲһеʩչ֮ȫڵһβغƿأһ˳ɰ֮ЫĽҲΪɽխСԭһβغ׳޿ɱҰײɽʯϣӶҰѹҰȫԾȳɹˣ
֮֮ǰûôȫΪɰ֮ЫԱߣҪʩչ֮Ļ϶ǰͱɰ֮ЫִӶֹˣҾɹҲᱻɰ֮Ыץסûκ壬ֻڳɰ֮Ы뿪֮ʩչ֮壡
ֻҰ޳û뵽ǰ˾ȻľҶˣһǵӰٿԱһǱĳɰ֮Ые𺳸ǿңȫȫɰ֮Ыܵģǿӣµ·һ۶ûУܳɰ֮ЫǶôֲʵ
ҰޣҪϷӰüŬа
ҰޣһЦҲһ˿ͣ
֮ǰҰʩչ֮ʱ򣬿͸֪ˣû취һβغ׵ĲһҪ뿨Ҳܸ֪õҰôǵʽʮ͵ģȻɳ˲٣ֻǿв̫ĳޣЩƲƵģҲֻҪҰ޿ٳɳ
Ͼڿκһ̴嶼ǵˣǵҲҪ취ŪɲǵˣһԿǲߣ
֪ˣ
ڿѵҰû̵ܽ΢΢ͷڿľԮмģ
ˣЫ㿼ǵôˣ
΢΢ͷɰ֮ЫʵҰ޼ȻҲûȥˣҲǲʮӵʱˣֱӱʳɰ֮Ы𰸣
ͬҪ󣡡
̧ͷɰ֮ЫȻǿҵĲʣǲʵ˵һ˵֮еҲɢȥʣµľǶ˵
Ұһֲѣ֪˵ʲôӺǺ£ѳɰ֮Ыˣ
ǺãھҪƣҪһ˿ķȻ˿ɱԹң
Цһɰ֮Ыǰ˫ֿٵĽӡ
٣Ҳӵʱ䣬ɼķӣ
׶ݰ塤ƣ
ֻ˫ֽӡ֮һϸСɫʹӿָ۳һ˿ΣҰ޸ɰ֮Ыῴ̺ĿֲϢǶ΢΢ϢĸоŽ棬ǿ϶ʱƿˣ
ڳɰ֮ЫУͰָϵӳɰ֮Ыͫ˽ȥ̵һûɰ֮ЫУʧ

֮ͫ󣬳ɰ֮ЫʹĲҽгڵϲҽвѣڣȻĽޱȿֲʹóɰ֮Ыǿ˶̲סҽ
һ֮󣬳ɰ֮Ыֹͣ˲ҽУɫЩ԰׵վЩηĿſ˰ɣ
ţԺҰеӰɣԺҪʲôһʱҴϢȻҪ鱨̫Ļ֪ģ
žţӡһ棬ҪϢĻֻҪоˣȻܹյϢʲôϢݸĻҲдݳֻҪʱó֪ˣ
ͷžͰһžᶪ˳ɰ֮ЫӡĶȴ鲼һзĶ
֪鲼Ĺ֮󣬿żȻܹôٵİѶݳȥǲҲܻˣҲǰҪϢҲֿٵķʽû
Կ͸鲼һзĹٴͨʱзģҲҪһý飬ҲǷӡǼǼý鲼Ĳںģ鲼ͨϢͻȻ͹ȥ͸򵥵ˣǱ
˵Ļɰ֮ЫҰ˶һĿɿڴôҲϻôȽôǿĴϢֶΣ͸оֲôԶĵطʱؾܰϢشݣٴڿֶΣ
֪ˣһõģ
ɰ֮Ы֮ſڻشеĶͲ±¶Σˣʵ̫òˣ
ɣ


310
ɰ֮ЫʶȤ֮󣬿˵һҲĳɰ֮Ы᲻Ǻ޻ѿͲʲôɰ֮ЫѾƿˣ
ǣ
ɰ֮ЫȻŭǹӦһ֮ж¶һĲڿѾĵ׸еֵĿ־ˣֻҪ˵ʲôڶӵģ
Ӧһ֮󣬳ɰ֮Ыת뿪ˣڸҪ黹ҪȥأôõĽûΣҪ֪뾡취ɰ̴ľҶǲԸ´ģûɣСܱܲסһأ
ҰޣǸϽصɰ̴ɣ
ɰ֮Ы뿪󣬿תͷҰ˵ҪĻǰҰ޴ɰ̴ȣɰ̴˵
ʱ򣬿΢ô˵ԼȻҰޣ̴ɰ̴֮ƾͱԼˣɰ̴㲻ԮľҶҲˣ
ֻһ̴ϮĻľҶ˵Ͳʲô̫ΣˣͷҲпڣֻҪǲ߲һţԿ԰Ȼȹ
ţлл㣡
ҰɫȻĵͷҲ֪ǻȥҪˣڿҲʮֵĸмҪǿĻɰ̴ͻΪ⵽ʧԲҰԸ⿴ģ
Ϊ˾ϻɰ̴壬ί㵽ҵռȥһˣ
Ҳ˵ţҰȻЩãȻǵͷ֮ͬͰҰ޸ռȥˣͬһʱȴǰ״ռٻ˳
Ұ޾ȳ𣿡
һ§ſĵʺոҰޱսȥǱųԲûмҰޣȻҲ֪ҰѾȳˣֻǿһսĲģŵĵʵģ
ţѾȳˣռ棬ڸϻɰ̴ɣұ㣡
ٻ뱧׸ϻȥȻһ·̫ˣ
ðϲһˣ
ϿĵЦвͬĵͲÿʱÿ̶ܸһأ
¿ǱףӰʼɰ̴ķһ·˲أһ·Ȼٲ˶׵Ķֶţһ·.޲ϣ
Ұ޴ľҶʱЩǶ𾪲ѣͬʱҲǳϲǾʹĿе֪ľҶĿ֪Ǵӵжɰ̴һҰˣǴľ֮󵽾ϲȻޱȣһˣɷеĴʯ˷ޱȣ
̫ˣ
ӾͲøľҶսˣ
ϧˣû취̴幥ľҶˣľҶǧѷĺûᰡ

ЩǣиԵĿһʱа̾ѣֻźǼɵ㶼Ұ뷨չڱϣǲ𣿸ٴĵҲҰ
ҰҰһˣǻҪҪľҶˣ
۵Ŀһɰ̴ĳϣһ˿ŭ˵ЩˣûһøеģȻǾľҶǱȵģǱϾǱѾ㹥ľҶˣ˵ǲܵģýλôһǣ̫Ϊˣ
ҪǽĵײҶľͷ
ңȻǲҵˣ
ǰôأ
Ǿǡ
ʣԭЩ˵ıһӾˣӶЩЦĶſĵ¿ŭɱˣ亹ϵӿֳ
ߣǾã
һĿɨһȦĿɨӵǷ׷װĿȥûһ˸ӿͬʱΪǿޱȣһĲޱȣԹöֲ
ô˵ɰ̴ľҶѺùϵˣ
ʵ
ǣǣȻˣ
е˶ӦǣȻˣҪ˵𣿲ǲ֪ô˵Ŀģ
ǾͺãΪľҶѣľҶվͽ̴ܵϮɰ̴ɳٶǴ̴Ϯ
ҲԸԸ֧ԮľҶֱǴɳ֧Ԯ˵ļˣԸԸǻܾܾɳɰ̴Ͳ˼ܾˣ
⡭
ǿ϶ģҲҪһ²У
һϲŶͷ亹һ߶ſС˵


311
ǺãҾȳȥϣǶܹһĴ𸴣
ͷɰ̴ĳǷĵЦһתͷ˳ȥʣµľͽԼˣǲģԿ˵Ѿ㹻ˣ˸ոյǷô򣬿һ̫ٵ˵ģǻᵣ𿨿ŭ
һ֮󣬾ͼ־ˣ
ллǾȻҰޣлл㣡ҪĻǴӾ鷳ˣ
־ϼ˫һӭϿųмĶſлһ
ǺǣлҲΪľҶѣ
һЦȻΪѹˣǷǳƽ·һ΢飡
֪Ƿǳĸл㣡
־ҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪ǷǳмģǲʲôĿûйϵҪǿȷǴӾȻҰޣǴӽһ鷳
ˣǴӦҲ֧ԮľҶ˰ɣҲһȥ֧Ԯģ
־Ҳ֪мĻ˵̫࣬漴߿ԼǴʲôԭ־϶Ǵȥ֧ԮľҶģ
ţٺòˣ
ϲĵͷ־ϵʵǷǳϿɵģ
أҲȥ֧Ԯģ
ʱӽҲ߳һӰǿɣҲǰľҶ֧Ԯû־ô˼ˣܼ򵥵뷨ľҶǣͰѣжر
ȻҲ ˣ
һ𣬿ÿ֪˭Ұ޻˭
ǺǣԸǾٺòˣ
Ұ˻ԭһĶľҶѺãֵúǺһЦ˿֮⣬־ϸҰ˵ʵǷǳصģ
־Ҳ˿ĵĳǵʵϵЦݶǲޱȣܱ˵еľҶǳ޸ͬ˲õ鰡
־˵һỰ֮ͳˣͬʱ˿𰸣ɰ̴׼ɳʮ֧֧ԮľҶû˵ˣɰ̴˵Ѫ֧ԮˣҲ͵ͷʾ֪ˣ
ټȥҲûбҪˣԿܿ͸־ǵˣľҶǱ߻ϢأҲ̴֪忪ʼϮľҶûУΪɰ̴ӵʱ̴ѾǶϵԽľҶˣҲɰ̴βˣ
̴Ǳߵ׳ʲô飿ӰǸһﲻӦôŶԵİûɲɰ̴һľҶģ
һ·ľҶأҲǲ˼Ź̴һУӰľٶеʮֵĲԾΪӰҲȣҲӦñֵôŶԣԲӰ磬ӰǸ׼ŭˣǿ֪ӰǷǳģ
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ȴҪʲô
ȶӰ˵ĻսһӻȻˣ˭Ҳû뵽ᷢ飬̴Լ󵹸ꣿһֱӰôӰľˣ
һЩ΢ЩӵͨȵΪҲӰĲԾˣƺΪӰԲӦ´ŶԣҲֻ󲿷ֵȴŭˣ
ȴ˷𣿡
ȻҪӰ˵
ȻŲģ
ȴͽ

ڷŭ֮еĻҲ˷̣˵ĻĲѪ
ÿصٸˣȻΥҵ
ӰǲĶȿһۣ󵭵˵гϸ֧Ӱеķ
㲻Ҵ磬㵽ʲôˣҴأ
ľҶһı㵽˭
֮ǰǺȷģӰȻĿԼ˵֮ѾȷǰӰԼĴˣʱŭӰ
ʲô
ȴ˵ʲô˼
Ӱ˲Ӱˣ
ȵĻһˣ˽ˣⲻѧôܻᷢӵأ󲿷̵ֵһӦǲţڶӦе㻳ɣǲţֻǰĿ⿴ӰӰôشˣ
ߺߣ˼
һߵĸ̴ּһȻԼڲìˣֻЦһ
ӰǲȳҲϣŭѣҲûжϣǷһ˿Ц˵һĻ
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318
Ȼ㿴ˣ
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˶벻ǲ߿ƵӰȻȵĲɣ׿ڳӰˣ
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оЩ˵ӰӦǾԲϵĲŶԣ̴ܿһǡӰȻˣҲ벻ͨΪʲôˣⲻѧ
㵽˭Ҵأ
ҲһĶšӰʣŭŵ֮ɫ֪ӰôˣǲѾɱˣ
ԭȴ˵ġ
ǸӰȻӰˡ
ԭıֲùľҶôͻȻ
ǰҾ͸оıֻǸող˵ˡ
̫ɶˡ
˵Ӱ˵
ԣǣ˵Ӱ˵Ȼ֮ء

ЩǴʱˡӰеĻŷ׷׷ŭһšӰĦȭƵģеŭԲǼٵģӰǴĵװӵģ

ǰľǵӰ˰
ǲ߿ЦһмĵҪ־ϷҾ֣ǲɱֻһǵӰҲԶˣ
ɶ񣬻ƭǵĸ飬վǰôӰˣ
쵰

Ӱ˵ĻǶǲţ׷ŭ
ֻ˸ɲڻǲܹðӰӰģ˳Ļֲ̫ˣΨһ͵ͨľǰӰȷӰˣֻǱ˿ˣ
ôҴģ⿪ʩչҴϵȻҪÿ
϶Զ⡮Ӱ
ǲоһû뵽ȾȻܹβ򵥰ԼԺҪռβţĻ÷һֽŲУǲҲֻԺһڻǽµҪȵţȫûзϣ
ߣ
ϷӦϷвǲŶԣ
ǲһ漴һϷˣϸҹľҶˣȻھͰǾӰ˵ˣǵӰȥ
ٶȣֻʮӵʱ䣬ҪǲϷ˵ȥĻµһսϵľǵӰ
ǲЦвӦв̴ĴǲŶԣ
㡭
ָ΢΢ָšӰеŭȼţȴ֪ζֲźãɱǰˣԼĴӰˣǾֻӶԷͻẦӰĲ֪ôźãֻܰǻŭǿѹС
ô죿ѵӰ˵壿Ӱ˾ˡ
еһʱ䶼˶ݵĳ˼֮У֮ɫ֪ôѡźãӰǰǾԲԸģӶԷĻľҶˣҲǳԸ⣬ⱾıǰǲԼĻ
ԶͷиҲǽ⣬ɫޱ䣬û뵽Ӱĵ˾ȻôһУֱӰҪЮǶľҶйǺݶ
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ҧŭһոֻģ뵽һֱ任ˣ
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ŭѣԿ϶סӰһǲߣǲ벻˭Ӱˣ
㿨ˣҲ㲻˰ɣǲߵҪЮֻѡľҶս˰޷ⰡܹȳӰôأǲʱԻӰɱӰ
ͷ۲ѣǰľѾ޷صľˣ̴һľҶսˣ
УҴҲΪȫģ
ԤϵȾȻܾЭǿӲĶšӰ˵ȻĲʣǾ棡
ߣĻȫ𣿡
ǲЦһȵķӦԤϣĿⲻмĿе̣һЦʮӵʱ䵽ˣǻѵҪǵӰҾͳȫǺˡ
˵šӰ־ȭĶԼĶͷȥǲ߹ٶȣҪ־ıֻҪһ˶ֹľҶߣҲֻܱˣ
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Ӱ˾Բϡ


319
ʵȻ͸ǲԤһɱ£Ӱ̲סһӰͶľҶڵķȥˣ
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һ̵ĹܿʹˣһӾͳһ̳ľҶһˣ
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Ҳ֪ǺõʱȴҲսˣҲΣ뿴ͬľǵ֮⣬Ȼ׷׶ľҶһ߳ȥˣ
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ǲ߹ˬʵĴЦһԭܶսֻӦɫޱ䣬¾ͲԥˣȻͳ˺Ӱˣ
ಣ
䣡
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ɱе̡
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ǲ߿ǰսгͬʱҲʮֲˬΪľҶһֱϷ磬ڶ࣬û취ȿˣ
ˣɱľҶ߾ˣսСҲǾ޷ɵģ
ǲа̾һӰһҲľҶһɱȥͲһߵȷУҲԷɱĻҲӰС

ҲֻŭһӰӰϣľҶ߳ˣ
ҲˣķҲûа취ʣµҲֻз׷׳ȥˣѪʽݣֻǲӵʱ䣬˫ͳսˣ˫Ҳ׵ɱˣоֻŰѶԷɱ
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ס֣
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 ̫ˣ
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Ȼû֣ͣľҶһȴѾ֪ˣ˷ŭţɱԼĵˣ
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ಣ
ſӰͳڡӰǰĿ
ȣǵӰǱ˿ˣʱıǵȫͣ
ĿšӰȴǶһߵȴһ֪սϷأΪǶڹأ
Ȼܹ
ǰһû뵽һӾܿԼĴӰǱ˸ˣڶԿĻȴֻпЦķݣûõģǶѾ֪Ӱˣֻ쵰̫ˣӰҪЮǳ֣Ҳֹˣ
ʲô
Բһû뵽Ѿ֪ǵӰǱƵˣһҪЮŶľҶ֣ʮ𺳣û뵽ǲߵֶξȻôգǲ߰
ȣ֪ϷıΣӻҪһ飬׷ʧأ
ǲһߵĹЦƵıʮʹ죡
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ǲ߿Ļʮֲˬжǲŭһ
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ǲߵȻһЦ˿ûаѿĻϣ˫սһ飬ﻹǷֹֿͣǰѿܰѱƵӰȳ
Ĳ˵ҪʱʱŪӰӰڿУ˫ûͣĿˣ
ߣ
һҲǲ߷ϻѸٵһҧʳָѸٽӡ
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320
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ڿٻ£һɺ˵׵ͻȻǴӿӿֳǰ׵ҫ׵ֵģǳµӰ
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ôôǿģʲôͨޣ
ܵʱϴǿоħһۣѹܵĿ΢һۣǲо;ŭһôҲ벻⵽ʲôͨޣȻôǿ
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ǲоɲ׼Կ޵һЩȴ֪εģҲֻǻɣȷ
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ʱǲѾɿʩΪˣ˫ֿٽӡһǿ׶پϺȥֻǿ׶ݹڿϣ˽һЩ֮⣬ͲÿΣ׶ȫˣ˵ˣ
꣡
һ֮󣬿ϵ׵һЩҲܹ˿忨ˣֻʱĶͷ棬һɫ׵һ۵ӡǣ˰ϣ
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ǲ۾΢һ£ӷģʽ̬ǸոտֻǸͨ޺尡ͨ޸ϣ
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ǲЩɣʽģʽҲ֪ǺʽģʽҲģʽ״̬ŶԣҲòֱ任
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ǲ߲źһڿҪôҲЩıͲҪԼİΣʶһ¿ҲӾ׼տϵ鱨
ͨޣ֮ǰǲ֪ӵеģǲҲž㿨ģʽˣҲһɱֻҪһɱеʱٵӰ壬ԼӰϵĲͬʱع鱾
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찡
ÿֲƣǾľҶ𣿡
ǸʲôӰ˵ĻҪ͡
Ҫʲô

ս˫žڿǿиܿͲϿյĿٴɱˣ˿ķģȻ˳ûɱԩˣ
Ҳ֪ԼϿֻһ½ս˫עˣͣģҲûгֹ֪ǲʵģ
漴ֻ˫ֿٵĽӡָ׷ɣ˿忨˫ֵĶֻܿһƪӰָͻȻ任һ
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СҪͲ°ԼӵҲ𣿡
ſ׼ĴУǲüͷ΢һ£û뵽ֱʩչУ޴ΪŶԣ̸ľҶһԲһ𣬿Լӵһ𹥻Ŷԣ
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ǲߵоͻȻһ׿Ҫôֹ˫սˣǾ˫ֹͣ׶ݾԵ˵ԣľҶҲɱ
óѣ
ǲһӰӰ˲ſڵλñϣ˿Ĵ֮ﻹÿóѣ
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ֻǲ߿ӰӰһ׵򿨿Ҫ˿ֻҪ㿨ʩչˣֻɲǼ䡮ӰӰͳڿǰˣ
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ȻӰԼҪԼʩչȴ޶ԣŷ𵱡ӰƵģе׵磬һŹ׵罻֯֩״ڿۣƴС˵ĸоȴܹһǿƵģĪ⣡
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ҵʶҲһ׵ˣôܡ
տʼеʱǲ߻ûзϣԭǴϻӰģ̿԰Ӱڿϣս޷أǵǲҪٵӰʱžķʶȻҲ׵ˣ˵ҪٵӰҪ֮Ҳ޷ôܲأ
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Ļǲߵ˫ͫٴ΢΢һĵľû뵽Ȼܹ𺳲ѣ

ǲŭţʶǿҵţҪոձ׶ԵЧֻҪʶܹˣܹ֮ñջһвʶˣ򱻿Ͳôˣ
ǲߣҿ㻹ϲĶҵʶûб԰Ͼܹҵˣǲоŭֵͬʱû뵽ӰʶʱҲĹЦ͵һûʶѹƣӰȷܹܿľƿԼ壬ʱͻᱻһ룬ƵΣԾ͸ˣ
֪ǲߵ𾪣Ҳ֪ӰҪƿԼ壬ڼתѪֻأƱҪҳǲߵһ㣬Ӷƣ
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ӰһԹˣԺܿԿĳˣͬʱԿл
룬бҪúõ̸һ̸ǲߵ顭
Ӱɫص˵һǲߵĴڣӰǼɵ֣ε¼Կǲ߼ֱҪ̽磬òҪľҶˣ
ǰӰ˵ǲŵ飬̴ľҶһֱģӰǲ߿ɲһ̴ܹģΨиľҶϲУϾǲڵʲôǿĴֻҪǲһ˾ҪôĶԴˣ
лͲˣҲǲԼô޹ȥ
Цһǲߵ飬֪ĿĸΪǲİ
Ҳ¸Ӱ֪ҪԷ֪̬ԲУ
һ˵ţĿⲻӰľ˻ķһۣƺԼǰ̴ֵʱòư˸ǿռˣԺвľ͸ǸʱӰ΢΢ȣ
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ֻҪһ뵽ϸǿΪоֻзߺޣĻ쵰̴ҲǸм
Ȼ֪ķľŮĵĸӸԼķߺޣӰҪ֪ӰԼ˵Ļ֮ķӦ
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˵뿪ȻķǣľҶҲսˣ˵߶͵ľҶҽԺȥˣսҲľҶִָУһɵĽţ
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ҲεĻᣬǲߵϢųˣ˸ָҲ֮⣬ͷҲȫ֪ˣ
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ǲ߻ţ
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ͷǲɵþ𾪣Ȼ˵Ϣסˣ
Ӱͷôô𾪵ı鲻ͬУǲߵʱҲ˹һĳԾ𺳣бӰûбֳͬıһмӣ
ϷǱǲϲĸƵģǾȻ֪ǲ߻ţ
ӰЩ䳰ȷͷһ䣡

ͷٴŴͣոǾɵĻӰôһ˵ȷˣǲ߾ȻĻţ
ѹӰҲᱻˡ
ԭǲ߰
ǲֹһΪʲôӰǿҲ˸ˣԭǲߣǾѹˣ
ӰɫһΣ⻰ӦǳĲŶԣôô̶أ˵ǲǰһƵģʵҲõ˵
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Ȼ̴幥ľҶ
ʵǲ߲Ե޹ʵŶԣ
ʿɣ˵֪ǲߵĿģ
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324
ӰĻͷǵĿˢˢĿ򿨿лһ˿Թ֪ǲߵĴڣȻǡ
ǿһ񺮣ǸǲŮòãԹӰ
ǲߵĿҲܼ򵥣Ǿ뼯ŴβޣȻٻʮβƿʮβҪʲôҾͲ֪ˣ
˵ʮβ¶ʩչе඼뵽¶ȵУҲ֪ǲģ
ʼ磬ǳľͰǲߵΪĿĸ˵˳ǲǱԼɱøģɲ˵¸ָҲ֪ˣͷҲܸߣ˾ˣ
ǿûаǲô˵ǿ˵ǲߵĿľͰѴҸסˣ
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Բóѣе඼¶Уֱڲкˡ
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ǿܺȣȰ˵㶨˵
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ӰԼʹ̴ǱߵҲûʲô˵ģɰ̴ӰӰԼˣҪһ̴嶼㲻ĻǾЦˣ
οӰ̴Ӱ֮¿϶ҪȿǧӰɶˣǷǳ˽̴ǸľҰģ෴ӰȴǱȽأˮӰֽ֮²ô׵ģ
ӰҲܿ뿪ľҶˣҲҪص̴һЩϢ̴֪ͨĸ߲УȻи˵ӰľҰ飡
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˵Ļ绰ɰǵȻ֪˵ʲôˣɵùЦҲһȻı飬֪һƺǶôʵˣ
ͬǵĹЦɻҰ޸־ȴһãȻ֮ɫ֪˵ôһ仰ôЦôģ˵.ˣ
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־ЩãȻĶſʵȷʵ⣬֪ЦʲôЩŭѣ

־ϵʻЩɰҲ˲־ϴСˣȫĹЦмЦӳѾЦſڵˣǲ֪᲻ЦȥǾͳΪ̽ˣ
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Ϊ˲ʱ䣬־ҲûľҶסһͬһɰ̴ˣ
ҹȫڵʱֹͣ׼ｫ˯һˣÿ˶ߣ񶼲Ҫ𣬶ҸطϢ˯ˣ
ʱȴǴ־һСǰ棬Ŀҹɫµĺ棬ӡҹеôҫ
Ըɫţ̵ʲô𣿡
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ٺ٣־㲻˰ɣ
תͷ־һЦȻ־ϵĴͻȻͰ־ϵĽڻУ

־Ͼһ͸оԼڻˣһۺϢϾʹӶԷϴ־ϷһʱԿԹͨͨʧˣֻʣ¶Կػڻеĸо־һУֻеǳĿģ
Բ֮ǰҵЦЩˣ
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˵˵ɫţ̾˴ڽӴĶ
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㲻֪ǵʲô־Ҳ֪˵ǹŮֲ֮ˣˢһ֮ͨǰһУ˵ĴЦ߳ŭɶĿȻЦѹЩͬǻЦôô.
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327
ߣҪȫԭҲԣҿɫţ̵ʲôӣ
־ҲԼС˼֪ԼϲģǿѾ˺ܶŮˣûԼĵλʱ˿ҲĴڣϾ˲һ̴壡
־ϼеҪ˵Ĺϵܣ嶯֮²˵仰־Ҳ֪Ҫɫţ̣ͱΪ˵Ǹ
֮־ϻˣٲѣҲû뵽Լô¶.ǵ˵ĻʵʧŮӵ֣
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飡
־ϿԸоԼģҲҪĿһû뵽ȻȻҪÿǸɫţ֮࣬־Ҳеһ˿ˣԼô˵Ҫأ
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ȻСҲţ־ϻǹ󵨵İѿĿӸʱһһȻϢʹӿ´־йϢĸоüĿſǸһĶ֮󣬸㶳С΢΢Ŵ
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ſ͸оԼȵһ˫۱Сָסˣÿˬѣڴ֣֪־ϵ֪û취֮Ѿ׼С￨ˣ
Ȼֻǲһʱ䣬͸оԼ־ϵС˽ȥˣһʱֻˬζÿ˿û.
ԣ
ˬޱȵĳ־һ漴ָ־ôԼʲôƣϢڿָ־һһɫţѿˬ죡
ʱ־ϵæµвϵţ󿨿Ҳ־ԸĿɫţ̣׵־ϼʶ˵ɫţ̵ʲôӵģ
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־Ҳˣæܵ±ߵĺȥˣֻǻкܶ·棬ûа취õ־ϰղѣ·Ķɲܱ˿Ȼˣ
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328
㣬·õǣҲǣҪ·ϴˣ˳ϴһӣҪҷŷ磡
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329
ǿȻİ־ϴСˡ
ǰİѡţ̡־ϴСˣǿ
Ľ־ϴСôƯ
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ЩɰǸ֮̾Ľ֮ߺҲ֮־ȴһһڶУҲֻƲƲ죬ǰĽʺ޶ӵ飬־Ժˬ죡
·֮һʱ󿨿ǵɰ̴ˣǵ֪ľҶѾΣ֮󿴵ɰ̴һû˽ϼ֮˿֪ԭǶû֧Ԯʱ΢΢ԭûϰ
֮֮ɫϾˣ˻ȥ֮ڷӰ칫𿨿ϸ
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ǲ߾Ȼŵʱ;ĵ˿̴֪幥ľҶΪӰǲ߸Ƶʱ򣬸ǺȻޱȣ
󵱿һһ˵ʱѾ𺳵֪ηӦˣֻŴͣĲţ
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ֻǾ̴һǲаǲߵĿռŴβޣǸҪǱøԵŶԣҪôأ
ܿ⣡
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˵ʱģ

УҰϾҪѡӰˣǲ뿪ɰ̴ģ
һҲ֪ҪҰ뿪ôܣԸӦ
ߣ뿪ɰ̴壬ǲɱҪץҰ޵ĻǴܹס𣿡
ɲѴںĴ

ԴסȷǸǳص⣬ɿ˵ĻҪǲɱĻǴӻûҰޣҪҰ뿪ҲӦһ
ԥҲûа취ǱģȻҰ޿϶ᱻץߣɲǿҪģ
Ϊѵı飬ͻȻһ֮ǰʹȥռβ޵ģҪٳѾ˼˳ˣûԼҰڵһβغ׸񿨿뷨ˣ
Ҳû취ġ
ͻȻ˵
ʲô취
϶ſ׷ʵſȻܹ뵽취
취УǴҲǾԲͬģ
ʱȴǿЦһԼҪ𣿾ҲԲԸӦİɣ
˵
ɫҲ֪İ취϶ҲʮΪѵˣȻ˵ģ֪еİ취ʲô취
Ұڵһβغ׳
ʲôԲУһҰ޲𣿡
ԲУʲô취ҪɱҰޣ
һ漴ϷŭĶſŭ뵽˵İ취ҪɱҰޣ⻹Ұ뿪أ
ҰޱβҲأ
Ҳ֪ԻᷴԵģŲŰе뷨˵˳
ûҪڳһβغ׵ͬʱȻҰޣ˿֮ǰǰǧļת֮ˣֻҪԭҰڵһβغٸҰ޾ˣҰ޾Ͳ뿪ˣһβغҲᱻڿϣ
ȻǲԼȥʩչת֮ģֵÿõһǿˡ


330
񣬿Ҫǧ︴ļת֮ҪϵǱˣ
ǲֹˮһͲдۿһֱղţȻʩչһαҪܳʱ䣬ǿôûжãܹǲֹˮдʩչˣ
ҲֻһĸԸʩչת֮ʱһβغ׵ҰޣΪǺԥİѱʩչȴôʱǿ
һҲʹҲеҪ֪ԼѪֻ֮۵ܹܲβ޽ףԵĻǲһֻβޣǲ޷ŴβޣʵҲܸһ
ʲô
ԾһĿɿڴĿſԼģȻܹҰڱβ֮ĻǼٵģ
Ҳ֪ҰһֱһβغŰɣҰޱڵһβغ׾ʴĻҰ޵ʵҲǿģ˵һβغ׶Ұ˵ĺ£
ɳɣ˵
΢΢һҲ֪˵ʵһβغֻǰҰ޸ǿ󣬿ǿͬʱҲΣգҰѾɳˣڵһβغ׷Ұ޷ӵĴˣҪܹһβغ׶ҰĻǶҰ˵һ£
һĻҰ޾͸ʺϵϷӰˣܹɰ̴ǿʢ
˵ģʲôܹҰڱβ֮Բ
뵽ĶǾɵĶſʵҪȷķԿвУȻ򲻻ͬģ
ȻһܹԼݸ˵תֻ֮ʩչ֮ʩ߾ͻȥ
ͷת֮Ĵڣ
Ȼʩ߻ȥôܻԸʩչȻβ޵Ұޣ
ѾûôˣæüʵҪһĸԸΪҰȥôף֪ҪЮôõ˻߱ŵһ˵϶ڽ֮ģԷĸԸĻʱʩʧܷҰô죿
Ӧ֪ǲֹˮıɣ
˸֪ڵʲôҲĵģȻͲҪñ֮ˡ
ѵҲ
ٴξĿſǲֹˮǰ̽ģ˭֪ǿ֮ôһ˵ƺҲǿĻܲԾ
һı飬аˬǿ˵ͲùˣҼȻȻа취ʩչĸԸľ;Ȼβ޵Ұޣ
Ծþûлش𣬶ڵͷ˼ţ̧ͷĿ⼴ʹҲһ˿ᶨϣ֮ɫڣãû⣡
ҲΣȲѣòӦȻĻҰ޾͵ñ뿪ӸǾۼһ飬ҲϣҰܹһβغ׵Ӱ죬øǿ
ãȻʹһǴӵһаɣȥ̴һˣץһʵǰ
ˬĹЦͬȲҪ֪ԼѪֻ֮۵ܲβ޽ˣ
û⣡
ͷӦȷҪͨһȻź˵飬ڿҪץһ̺ΪҲ޷ǾҪöԷʩչת֮ȻҰޣҲ˿òɰ̴ʩչ
̸һ֮󣬿Ȳľ뿪ɰ̴ˣ̴ķӶȥ̴ɰ̴ϷԿٶֻҪʱܸϵӦþץһ̻صɰ̴ˣ
ʱܳҰڵһβغˣ
һβغڱصˣڴ
ڶ죬ٴγɰ̴ʱ򣬾ѾץһӵʵˣԿʵȻɵľץס˶Էץס֮󿨿Ҳǲֹˮд۶ʩչ˱֮öԷԿƴӣ
ٴɰ̴壬Ͼ͵֪ˣһʱͳӭӿˣͬʱѿɰ̴һسУ
Ѿ׼һˣҲҰ˵ˣ˵㣬ȫͬڵһβغף
һߴſܵУһ߸̾һ


331
ԭΪҪҰһ˼빤ģ֪Ұ˵˿Ҫ֮Ұ޾Ȼ˼ľͬˣ˿˵ģ
ԴΪ֪ҰΪʲôôοģ
ܿ쿨ͽ뵽ˣһƽҰޣƺԼڵһβغױһҲ룬һҲԼ˶
Ұ޵пһ˿˷ܣкǺһЦ֪Ұޱһβغôܹ꣬ڵһβغҲ쳣ģֻҰޱȽᣬԿжļˣ
ŽĿҰ޵ȷʵΪģֻôһֱһβغжôʹˣȻлβ޺ôʹҰҲԸܣٴʹܴ࣬ôĥ
ϵĥиϵĥӵ˹ӵ˺£ΪħҰ뵽ԼǰӾǲĿ԰
ſҰмĪ֮࣬ҲǸмޱȣԿĸм
Ұ֮⣬ҲˣϣǶǸһβغ׵ģûǸҰ޵ڰһβغ׸Ǽ֮ǵͷʾ⣬ֻǸ翴򿨿ٴɺ֮ɫſܹѳβ޵Ұ޸
ľҲ÷ϾҲûа취飬ȻǲôſܹҲһŵģڿǿʵ
ˣڿԿʼ˰ɣ
һϿ˵ֻһߣȻ׼ӡһβغõģɰ̴ÿһջһβغ׶Ƿӡеģ
ʩչת֮أ
ԭ뵽Ӧģ뵽ȥץòûмӰæſʵ

Ӧеĺâһһ̾ʹռбٻ˳
ˣ
һ֮Ͼ͵ϥڿǰΪ
񡭡
ٻ̣΢΢һԷ̴ʵǳˣ̽綼к֪ܶĴڣԶû뵽Էץ֮ȻԿ˹ʱͺȻڿı֮˱֮벻ʲôܹһˣ
ɰ̴ĳǾɫڿ˵ĻҲŷ˲٣
ǺãλھͿʼɣ
ȹŶϿڣͬʱҲתͷҰ˵һҰޣҪ׼УβޱǷǳʹḶ́
˵һ㶼ţ˵ˣβǿɲǵʹô򵥵ģҪ
ʦ׼ˣ
ҰȴֻǵĻشֻҪܹڵβޣһҲ޾ɫ
ǿʼ
ǣ
Ұ޵Ļһ䣬ϾͿʼжˣҲ֪ʩչʲôͷһһҰҲ棬һһĲǵӿֳһһҰ޵Ӹס
꣡
ֻЩҪץסҰ޵ʱҰϵɳȴԶˣЩָ棬ץסҰޣ
ӰæɢҰϵɳӣ
һϼ״ʱһʩѾʼû뵽һʼͳ״ˣҲһһβޣûг״Ҳûϵ
ɣ
û֣ͳ˱ϵУһӾͽ뵽棬ӵնҰɳϣ
꣡
ɫ׵ҫֻҰϵɳӱ֮еɳȫɫ׵ʴţһȫڵϣƵˣҲֻһʱģ
һʱ㹻ˣҰϵĻɳӱƵϵĲ־һһץסҰޣ漴ͰҰ޵ӰҲƯڰУȻһɹʹ洫ʼҰڵһβغף

ڵһβغһҰ޾ͲҽϵıʹܹҰʹģ֪β޳ܵʹжôľˣ

һβغױͬʱһ޺ҲҰ޵쳹ʹĲҽ޺ʾҰڵһβغ״ʱҲڳŲʹ࣡
䣡
޺ͬʱһɹǿβѹҲҰ޵ǵصӿҶֻǲҰβҽУһβغηŭһɹһβغ׵ĲͱӿǰķӡУ


332
ʱҰ޸һβغ׵ĲҽţҲ֪˶೤ʱ䣬һβغ׵޺ȫʧȫɾˣӡϵߵУ

ʧȥҽҰ޵ʬҲڵϣûϢȻһβغױͬʱҰҲʧȥ

ҰȥϵҲʮæſڣʶԲˣҪϽȻҰޣ³һȲҰ޾ˣ
֪ˣ
ͷȴһ㵣ĶûУҪ֪Ǽ֤һμת֮ģʦξǱǧüת֮ȻģȻҲҵΪҲ֪һʩչת֮ǲǻ˵©
񣬽ˣ
󿨿Ͷһ˷һʩչĻỻģԲʧȻͿˣ
ǣˣ
񹧾Ӧһڿȫӣ㿨׳Ҳûа㲻ʣΪܹﵽˣ
ת֮
󵶵Ұ޵ʬǰ棬ȥʩչת֮ˣжʱһɫĵâϵĴӿҰ޵ڣ
֪ǲô
ҰܹȻ𣿡
ô򵥣ߡ
ҲܾȻҲŲء
ϻŵھҰޣȴǸвͬ뷨ͬȴǶڵɴ۾ŵʩչת֮ҴκһĻ
֮󣬵еİɫβɢҲװſ˵ˣѾˡ
飡
˵һ仰֮󣬵Ӱ͵ڵˣһԶ̣ȥˣΨһĺ¾ǾȻҰޣӦû뵽ɣ
ಣ
ʩѾɣһֱͷǳŵæҰ޵ǰ鿴Ұ̽Ұ޵ȷ˺֮жʱϲĪ
桭ĳɹˡ
ȻһֱſĻۿ𶯣ϲѣҰûڳһβغ֮ҲûôպҰ޾ܹøӵǿˣ
ȿȡ
ϲ֮࣬ҰҲѹˣվԼûȥ֮Ҳ˷ܲѣرǸܵڵһβغѾȫʧ֮еļϲҰ޲Ϳ˳ֻɵĸоûиֻܹԼˣҪʲôԣٵڵһβغ׻ˣ
лл㣬ˣ
ϲ֮࣬ҰҲ˭һβغһֱţæתſмгϸ˷ܣ
û¾ͺã
ҲǹһЦҲЩҰûܾȻҰ޿һοҰ޸мԼԺɰ̴Ĵ¾;ԲľҶΪˣֶΪأһβغײҰڣҲͿԿҪˣԱ
ľȻˡ
̫˼ˡ

ǿľҶ̫ǿˡ
ʱǼҲзӦ𺳵ųЩŵĿѾȫûµҰޣǻǵһμβ޵Ȼлŵģ֮࣬Ҳ̾ľҶǿʲôУߵܿ
ֻҪ֪ת֮ɰ̴ǧ̫зĶȡĻֲ֪θ룬϶ܾһģֻϧԶǵģ
Ӱмλϣ֪һβغܹܲˣ
Ұ޾Ȼ֮󣬿ЩȲĶ˿ˣô飬Ϊ˵õһβغ֮ǰ͸˵ˣҪǾȻҰ޾Ͱһβغ׽ģŲõǲߵУ
ȻһβغУܱаȫˣҲǰ˵õˣ
ȻЩԸˬһЦŷӡһβغ׵ߵĳϵͷʾ⣡
һβغ׾ͽˣǴӸľҶԶѹϵ
ҲɣžͰѷӡõǰͬʱ˵
֪ԷеʶϣҪһβغ׵Ըɰ̴壡
Ȼ㵽ʱ̴˽ˣľҶɰ̴ҲԶѵĹϵģ
Ҳļ䱣֤˭֪»˵÷ǳϵģ
һβغ׵ˣڿܲܳɹˣ
ͬʱм


333
һβ֮󣬿ܿ뿪ˣǰӰ壬ҵطԼѪֻ֮ܲβ޽ףѾȲˣ
ಣ
ɰ̴֮󣬿Ӱһͽ뵽ռˣβ飬ɲУҪʧܵĻһβغ׸˾͵òʧˣռһʧ㿨ʧܣ뻹ͨռһβغռ棡
ɣҿܲף
ռ棬û˹˼֮Ͱѷӡ˳Ȼӡѷӡ򿪣

ֻĽӡ£һŭ޺쳹ֻĲӷӡӿֳγһβغӴһռУ
𡭡
һһβغױͷ˻һŰ˫ĿһͰڿϣû취˿֮󣬼κεˣ
ʲôط
ҷųģ
һβغ˫ĿŰĶſеķӡߣʵһ׺ϢϯϣƺֻҪشˣͻǰѿ˺гƵģη
Ȼѵбˣ
ֻǿ޾һβغ׵壬İȻһЦ
ʲôطͲҪ֪ˣ֪֪Ĺؾˣ
 һ˵ţһѾ۵Ѫֻۣ֮Ҫܲβ޽ףѪֻ֮У
ӵĹأ
һβغ˫ĿɵùӶð̣޴࣬
һβغŭһһյʹĿ¶ƷĺХٵĺ򿨿
Ӿһٺˣ
һβغ׵Ĺ޶ԣֻǵЦһſĵЦӰȴ𽥱䵭һβغ׵յӰʱ򣬿ĲӰȫʧ
ˣ
ģ
һβغ׼״ҲһȻŭҲǱӿʧûпһ֪Ŀֲˣϱ
ಣ
׶ݡǧ񣡡
һβغ׾ɵʱ򿨿ӰȴһӾͳһβغ׵Դ棬м򵥵һǧ֮ͿٵĶһβغ׵ĺԺըȥ
䣡
һ¡죬׵籬ըɢһβغӴҲ΢΢ǰ㵹
𡭡
ʹѵһβغʹβľӰɨȥǿķУԲСӣ
һβغ׵ʵҲӰʵҪǲСӦĻ˻ɱпܵģ
һβغ׵˷ûжϣ΢΢ľеУɫ׵罻֯𣬾һβغ׵Ĺǰ棡
䣡
һβغ׵ľβǿҵķݷɨڿе棬һը죬Ӱܲ˳ȥȻҲֻǽɳȥѣƾǵ˲ģ
û뵽ͦ𣡡
ɳȥͬʱһβغ׼ЦһƺڳЦһβغ׵Ĺûɱ
ȥ
ݡյ
һβغױ˲˵ٴαЦɷŭţһյ򿨿ֻεյոյĴʮֹĶյ۶ɵĹռ䣬Ųռɨ򿨿
ߣ
һβغ׵յҲǾһβغ׵յǼɵռ䱻ƻҪǲյĻռĿռϱƵĻ϶ռ˵ģԿǱҪյĸģ
ˣҪݺݵݺݵĲһٲУû
һӭͬʱҲǵһԭŰһһβغ׵ģһβغӵƻռֻ֮գռҪоѪֻ֮Ҫ
׶ݡУ
֨֨֨䣡
볬յռײһ͵رǱޱߵյǿڿеĥɢˣûжԿ˺
ֻеĻûģ˭ڿռأԽռһЩռںоȫܰѳյĥˣ
ܡ
һβغ׼Ȼͽʩչһ׶ݾͽĳյʱŵһݿǿ׶ݵĻȻһ׶ݸĥˣһβغ׶ʱܴ


334
ûʲôܵģ
Ӱһιĳһβغ׵ԺһЦ
׹У
꣡ɫ׵γɵие棬ڿлһĻ֮ݺݵĿһβغ׵ıϣ
ͣ
Ľ裬һβغ׵ıпһӣɳǶһβغ˵ǿѪҺģǽһҲ̶ã
𡭡
ܴش֮µһβغ׵¾ʹһβغԭ ŰͫʱҲףÿôʧģôֵģһ㶼ʱҪѲ⣡
ɶ񡭡
һβغŭţǿĲγķɢȥҪڴɱֻ·Ĺô˵˿أ
ЩӰֻ˸һһܿˣſӰһһβغ׵ıǺݺݵһβغ׵ıϿһ

һβغٴʹ˫ĿŭóǲôŬҲ򲻵ǿˣռ棬еĿռתƿصģ˵ռ濨ͱǿˣȴǱ˳֮£һβغױŰҲģ
Ľ߲Ϸ裬һβغϱɳҲγɳ
䣡
һβغ׵ȻıŰŭƴҪ޲ó˿ǲôŬãǱɵĿŰţֻӰһβغ׵ߣ־һһ֮±ضһβغˣν֮ǳд⣡
һβغίҪҪѪˣѡĻھϣԼǱӡţǱųŰ
ˡ
ɶ࣬Ͷˡ
һβغʵܲ˿ĿŰˣȻͶˣֻÿǳˬƲƲ죬ûŰȥͶĻӷߵģ
ͣ
䣡
ֱһβغ׿ŰӴڵ޷֮󣬿֣и漴һβغ׵ǰ
ʱһβغ׻ڲţģ˫۾ֵĿſȴˣһβغ׾ֵĿſоŲ֪ҪѵҪɱ
۾
һβغײſۣͫٴ΢΢һ̬۾ĳβˣ뵽һֿܣľ͸Ӿ
ûȥһβغξģֻѪֻ֮۵ĿһβغףȥԼѪֻ֮۵ı仯
ȷĸоԽӿһβغ֮۳ĪĲһдֻÿźôҲ޷ȥѪֻصһβغ׸ɣ
Ѫֻ֮۳˲֮Կһβغ׽ײŶԣΪʲôûзӦˣҪôѪֻ֮۵֮У
Щǵ˼ţֻܸоܹ֮ȴ֪֮һβغףоÿǳĲˬ
֪ǰһ⣬ԼҲӵԿףȴ֪ôеԿ״򿪱⣬ָоץ
ˣ
˼ѣڴôãû뵽Ҫɹʱȴֲ֪źãÿղѣ
ڿ԰յʱڿµһβغҲǾ֣Լᱻٴɣֱü֮˿ԭԷ֪βޣͺã֮һβغҲ֪β޵ķ۾ô׶ģ
һβغû뵽ǣһ˿Ҹպñץˣ
ÿɲǼΪ֮һһβغΪʲôл֮ɫѵԷ֪Լ޷ɣôأһβغôܻ֪Ҫʲôģ
ǳ֮⣬ʵ벻һβغʲôҵģ
һβǲ֪۾
һͻȻһβغһ
֮󣬿Լһβغ׵ͫ΢΢һϾ϶һβغ׿϶֪۵Ĵˣ ֣ǰͳֹˣβǾԼӵѪֻ֮ۺ⻹ǵһβ޼Ҫ֪ĻֻҪټһֻβ޾ˣ
Ҫô鷳ˣֻҪһβغϾܱʳˣ


335
֪ô֪
һβغױʵһǿٵķӦæ֣
ߣ
һһβغ׵仯ôƭĿڣ˵ǰɣҿȥβޣ㣬쿪ʼ̽оûһβغ׵Ĵˣ
ҪҪЮһβغˣͲһβغ׻᲻˵
ʲô֪
ԿҪЮһβغһǿӲĻشҪ˵ĻָͱˣŲ˵ˣĿǰûβ޵İ취ǿ͸ɱŶԣɱŴβ޾һֻˣ
ߣΪҲɱ㣡
һβغػӿ֪ԷԼвһ
Ҳ֪ҵ۾ǿɾŴβ޵ˣҲ֪ʲô۾
˵ţһβغ׵仯֪Լȫ˵ˣеͬʱҲǾ֣⵽ʲô۾ѵʲôܲɣ
ôӲŲأӾ֪ûβ޵İ취ȻͲҷϻˣ
һβغ׿ŵҲ֪ԷˣҲˣЦ
ĳϣҲеˣ֤ǾԲɱģȻ޷뼯Ŵβˣ
ߣ㲻ɱҲܵõ֪ģ
Цһһβغ׳ã˿ǲֹˮдۣбҪһβغ׿е֪黹򵥣
ϧֹˮ۾ȴУҪʹõĻȥҵ㹻ĳϸУ
аһʩչԽϸȴʱ䣡
ߣɵˣֻҪǾŴβޣ;ûκһģǸûǲŲٱһأ
һβغߵΪҪβ޵Ŀе֪ϼѣ
Ȼеβ޶֪
һβغ׵ļǵûЦһǾŴβ޻һܰģһһ֪ģʱǱҵ۾ɵʱ򣡡
ЦͬʱҲ֣Ϊһβغ׵Ļ˸١֣Ҳ˵ҲһΣ˭ȻӵôǿͣΪʲôԭдû
ߣ
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Ҳһβغ׵ķӦˣΪѵҪôһβغײźãռǾԲܵģռûѹƵĻ϶ᱻһβغ׸ƻųȥĻҲԲУɱ˾͸Ӳˣ֪Լ۾ʲôأ
ֻʱռˣҪǸҶĻٺݺݵŰһ٣
ε뵽
ģʱҲɱ㣬ҪĻҾԻģ
Ķһβغ˵ͬ׹ħߵĶħ֮һһβغԶĪĴ˸
һβغȻ֣ûлش𿨿ȴǸ֪ʱһβغǲˣϾողűŰһ٣Ҫָüʱأ
һβغ׳ĬĬ֮󣬿Ҳ뿪ռ䣬ӰķӶϣȻ·ϿҲǲϵ˼ţ۾ôܣǿ˼Ҳ벻һ˿ͷ
ֻҵ㹻ĳϸٴʩչ֪ˣ
󿨿ֻҡҡͷȥ룬ʵ˷Խ
ֻϸҲôѰҵģϸǲߵȡ˲٣׾ǳϸģϧץ׾
ֻֿܿմóϸˣ֪ɱŲصʱͲҪôˣӦһֵģӦðŲϵǿǲֹˮ۾Ҳһͬģ
ֻܴϻˣ
ܿ쿨뵽һˣǾأҲԭеĴˣǵʱָ̣ؾע˳ϸߣӦܹõһЩϸ
Ҿ㲻ȫǳϸҲûϵֻҪӵľѪ޽ϵϸͿˣȻϵϸûгǿŪˣ
ǺǣصľҶؾܽˣ
ȫЩգԺпʼһ˵Ӱˡ
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̴ȻҪɰ̴һϮľҶɰ̴ûͬ⣬ᶨĸľҶһ̴ʧˣҲûб˫սˣǿϧ
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ľҶķӦҲڤԤϣʵû뵽̴ϮľҶȻѻս鱨ǰ׼һˣ
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һڤ벻ͨͻȻоԼǲʱĲˣô̽緢һ鶼ôĪôĳ
Щ鱨̫ªˣǵӨϸΰɣ
ڤεķе鱨ֻõˮӨ˵ˣ
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Щ²֮ڤͲ뵽ˣ޺޲ѣڵԼӱǿռУڤÿÿ뵽߲ѣ
ڤ벻ǣк޺޵ĿʱѾӰˣ
վסľҶߣΪʲôǴӣ
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ֻǴҲǸӰ壬ԷҪǵĲн
ǸľҶ߲Ǵ˵еľҶ𣿡
찡 ˵еľҶǾȻӰˡ
ԷҪҲİɣ
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ûеǰȥ֪ͨڤ̴ˣ뿨ȥڤѾ֪˿ǰϢˣ
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ΪʲôҪԼ󣡡
֮ڤŷӦɰһ鰵ڤžԼ
Ǹ쵰ˣҪҪѵһأ
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ֻԼֽѵУֲǻ쵰֣ѵǻ쵰ɣ
һԼڤҲΪ֮аôõڳǰˣڤȻ뱨һ٣֪Ƕ֣ǾôĻڤʵڲģӿǱԷǿռ˰
ߣʲôҶᣡ


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лԹad1120Ĵͣ
뵽ˮӰ칫֮ǰʱһڤôԸ欣رǾϴεĿӣѾڤڴ.Ůһ˿ŮζĨȥĸӳˣÿö΢΢һ
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ĽˣڤȻʾԼԿûκκøУɰһֻڤȴһ˿ϲ⣡
Ҳ֪ΪʲôҲܲԸϣڼΪԼòһ˲ڤķرĸ˸⣬ŮΪüݣοǶȥ.֮
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ڤɵúٺһЦĿ޼ɵڤĽɨţŶòӷ˰
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ĵϷ֮ԣڤһ죬ʱŭŭſ쵰ֱ̫ɶˡϽ˵ɣǴʲô飿Ҫ֪Ǵӿɲӭ㣡
ӶڤŭҪÿ֪ŭֻڴʱ˵еԹζ
˵֮ڤŸое㲻ԣٴһ죬ݺݵĵ˿һۣ
ֻڤĿһɵӲûÿѿ欵ÿǰٴһ޼ɵڤ֮ӣ˿ĻͺڴƵģ
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ڤźܲȻĪķײϷֲԾԼ޲ҧԷôԸԷأѽôҧء
ڤ߷߲ѣҲ֪Լôˣȫɥʧƽյ侲
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ڤŽߵģ²ɻȣҲֵһˣЦĿڤĻӦ
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⣬ڤҲľͶȻܾڤҪˣܿʲôҪĿ
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ڤڵһվ·𲻸ԼģԭľҶǴ͸о˼ˣӿе֪ȻˣڤܲԾԸеСŵôģ
ڤ֪ӰһֱǸ̴ϾģһεˮӰиǷʽģû̴Ӱ˹Ҳû̴ˣ󺣾ǴǿˣȻϣĴҪӰǷǳѵģ
Ҹڤŵ̴ôܻһ飬Ͳܵİ
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͵ĿڤһۣȻһھ˵
ôܣ̴ǵжԵģɱˣôܻһ𣡡
ڤзӦ֮ϾͶſɣ
̴֪ɰ̴ΪʲôҪϹľҶ𣿡
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ڤûĵأô˵ѵ滹è壿Ů˵İ֮ϾڤǳĺڤȻ۰Ͱ͵ĸɫ󿨿˵ߵҵΪʲôʲôϵ
ڤˣаһЦΪһ֯ҪĻΪһˣ
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֪ûУǴ̸޾ĳԱĳԱȫṢ
Ҳڤθڣ˵˳ֻҪǸ˭û˵
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ڤԾһ˵еȣҲֻ΢΢ȰˣƾЩĻ̴屻˰ɣڤϷӦ˵Ҫһ˵û˵ҪǸ˭
֪֮ڤӺʲôˣ
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ٺ٣𣿡
ڤĺĵ֮󣬿¶ն֮ģаȵڤЦһ
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ڤԭڴĻҪӿ Ŀе֪ʲôӵôǿأû뵽ͻȻ˵ôĻʱŭͨŭſҪҧ˵Ļͱڤҧˣ
˵Ӱˣ
֮µڤʱſһ
ģ
˿ڤĻϣڤϷһЦ

ڤû˵ˣ죬ȴǲһشҪ˵ǵĻǾͲˣȻ֪еǸ˵˭Ҫ̴ܷ͵Ĵ̴һڤͲ˵Ӱ岻ˣ
һĻ㲻ǿеǸˣӰҲᴦĴ̴Ķ棬ǿɾ군ˣӰǿλôдΪȻϣҲԿⲻĴ̴尡Դӿе֪Ĵ̴һʱڤ֪ԼǾܾ˵ˣ϶ҪǴһģ
ٺ٣˵Ҿ͵ĬˣҾ뿪ˣһǴӵʶ̴ģ
ڤŭȴҳı飬ͰЦѣٺٵЦ
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ڤֲʣȴֻҧгݵĶſͻȻί쵰һǿռĴ.֮ڻҪôѿ
ڤƺӿһˮĲ΢΢һۣҲͲϷڤˣͷ˾Ͳˣ¾ͰڤҪ֪˵˳
ʲô
ϣڵ֪ǲ߾Ȼϣһӵôն֮ڤҲǸеһϢһȫԼģ
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ڤ˵ʱˣϢʵ̫ˣһʱҲ֪Ҫôźã
ѹҪ̴һˣ
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ͷҲ֪ڤ϶ͬ˵ģ׷ʵ
ȻȻӰһ￹ǲǸϲģ
ڤĿ˿һۣⲻǷϻ
УȻǲҪ뼯ŴβޣҪľǰеɣ
ڤʵ˼άڤһӾͰе뿼ǵˣҲ̴֪Ҫʲô
ٺ٣Ҳ֪µҪͲҶѿˣ
ЦͲԼ˷ѿˮҪˣɰ̴ѲĻˣˮӰǱɰ̴ĴӰǿ̫ˣĿԶ
˵꿨ҲĿҫڤһ䣡
ҲϣβǴʧȥټˣˮӰʱʧˣ
ڤһ΢΢ϲǿ˵Ӱ࣬βϬȮߣĿǰҲѾˣ뿪Ӱ壬ǴҲ֪
ʲôѾˣ
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ţĻǻüӴȰץˣβҲҪҵУ
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ȻϿڤĻβô⣬βֻߵȫ֪ˣ֪Ҳ֮ģǰӣ϶ᰴԭ·ˣӰûߵپ˵һˣԭȫͬˣ
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ſı飬ڤȻҲβ޻Ҳ߱ǲߵõǿſЩŭıڤǸоǳģֻ쵰Ҳֱʱ򣬻ã
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ڤֻӿ̲סٺٻЦʧȻҪڤĽҪ
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ģ˵һϵģǴӻǲӭ㣬뿪
֮µڤ϶ſȵһΪϵţΪ׳
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ŭ֮µڤѡ֣³һϣ
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ԿôĻڤΨжʾķŭжҲʩչ
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һɹɰʹڤӿֳܿͰˮӰ칫ҸãˣЩʲô֮ʴ𽥿ʼڻΪ˶Ըڤϧļֻˣ
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ڤ֮޿ײʴҲòӡʩչǧɾ׵ʴ
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ſӰһڤǰ棬ٵһնڤϣ

ؼʱڤұ۵סˣֻڤĽҲڿµ˼ȥɫ΢΢԰һ£
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ۿԼĹҪڽ棬ڤбǳЦ⣬·Ʋ߾ҪóƵģ
ಣ
ֻǺܿڤϵıסˣʩչ۶ڻûйʱͻȻȫʧˣڤ㶲ѣ
һߵЦĿڤ֪ǱƵˣвŭּ䲻֮¶ƵˣҪٴܵĽˣ
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Ȼڤ׼ʱ򣬿ȷʵ䲻ĴıڤĽ΢΢һˣԭΪԼĹܹƽģûжһɹ֮һҲûϸαˣ
ֻڤΪṥʱȴоԼͻȻͱһ˫ִӺסˣ˫ͬʱе棡

ڤĽʱһ׻ͻȻıŭ֮ཿҲʧȥڤ߷߲ѣԼôΪһӦأ
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ıˮӰķϽڤĶаȵЦ
˵꿨˫ֻڤеһץָֻб֮һθӱеˣֱеļƷ󣬶еԣ

ˣڤȴǽԭһЩӦ»ˣٱôһòһ˿Ҳɢˣ
졭쵰ſҡ
ȻѾˣڤȴǲͶſ߳
вЧ𣿡
˿ڤĻϣһڤĶаһЦ
ڤٴһЩֻܿЦвԿõĻϴξͲᱻǿռĴ.֮ˣ
ѵҪǿַһ𣿡
ڤʮֲʣȻȴǸ𷴵ˣ뵽ᱻڤٴַ˫ȼȻӿڤӺԼĲȻ˸Ӧˣ
ߣҾ͵ٴοһξˣ
Ѿ˵ˣڤҲ֪ȴǲϷɣмĶſ
ҪǹĻ㲻ĸˣ
ԹһЦŲڤأڤ˳Ÿо˼˫ֺݺݵͰڤϵ·˺

ڤţͨ첻ѣҲ֪ΪĻΪĶ
ȻҪĸҽͳȫˣͬĸһԴ㡭
һ߰ڤϵ·ȫ˺飬һ߶ڤٺаЦڤ.ͦѩ׵ΣСޱȻ

Կ裬ڤѾ֪˵ʲôˣˣֻǽҧزԼ¼˵ʲôĻҪܿ裬ԾͲˣ
ڤܹĸоԼڿٵţжڿΪеһ˿˷ܣԼڴѾƵģ
ܵԼ뷨ڤһӲԸ⿪ˣҧأȴǸӲ鵽

ܿڤԸˣǻȵݺݵľʹ뵽Ľ棬ڤҲ޷ҧأһа衢ʹࡢߺޡȵ
ڤڰ칫̨ǰ棬ݺݵĲµˮӰڤ²ϵĿܴţԭڤǽҧصģڿĳڤܵסˣ
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ڤĽֱݺһСʱˮӰ칫ҲƽУֻʣڤ㲻ѵĴϢ
ڤԺǵãӵŮˣ
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ٺһЦڤڵһּ.ͦʶԲˣǾͨ
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ڤŭţ߷߾£òٻ֮⣬Ҳǰķ̫ǿģֱһͷҲûôܸɰ
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ڤŭΪܣΪ٣ЦôԸûУĻҾҪˡ
һ˵ţĶ˼£

ڤʱоѣﻹܰȻֲʣȴҲֻ䣬ͣͣľˣ
˵ڤҲޱͨ죬ڤŮˣеȵӣ


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뿪Ӱ֮󣬿ǳ죬ûѪֻ֮۵ȫڤÿǳУ
뿪Ӱ֮󿨿ȫϻľҶˣȲҪصϻȡϸܲǲֹˮ۾ȴʱʧܳһβغ׻߱βʳѪֻ֮صľˣ
ܿ쿨͵һʱϻľҶɰ̴Ӱͬ˵ʱͰ鱨ͻľҶˣʣµ鿨ŸֻᴦģҲûмˣֱľҶȥʱڰ棡
ҵ֮󣬿˵ҪȡһЩѪҺҪض˵ʹӦˣڿǷǳصģҪȻеĪ߻ɿҪзϸͬˣſ˺޹߸ľҶģ
ȡصѪҺ֮󣬿ͱչʱ䣬оôǲֹˮ۾ܹȴʱ䣡оĽȴÿղѣȻӵľݵߵϸȴʱ䣬ҲΪصϸԶԶϸǲֹˮ۾صϸֱ޷֮ҲҪʱٴʩչ
ڿչص̴˵Ҳ̽統дˣ̽綼֪ˣ޲֣оƺҪˣȻ̴ôһأ
ڼÿ̴ڲ˼ĶϾֻǸһ̴˵Ļûʲô̴ֻ˵̴֮ܶ߻о޴޵ڲ߾ͱˣͬˣ
ϾǺܶ˵ͬ˾ڶԷ̴еģÿ̴峬һ߶̴嶼ޱȳӵģ
ЩɰѸЩӰæˣȴֲòЩ⣡
̽𺳣ǲ߻ȻҲõЩϢˣܴûõǲߴʱоǾ֮ɫ
ôܣ̴ôģ
ǲ߲˽ˣƾôҲܻ֪Ȼ֪ΪĿģ֪Ҫ뼯ŴβޣӶŵ˵ģ
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ǲҲòЩӰе̾ʵ̫ˣÿӰҪŸľ
ǲҪ֪ȫǿ͸¶պΪĿĵĻͲô̾ˣϧʱǲǾ޷֪ģֻü̴̾Ӱľˣ
ˣҪϷİ
㲻֪ԭίǲ߻ϾͿ˵ı󣬾Ҫ뵽ǲ߾Ͳô̾ˣ˺һ˵̴岻ò˭Ժ
ߺߣ˰ɣϷֻҪ뼯Ŵβ޾Ϳ԰ͨͨշʲôˣʱֻǸЦ
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ڳ׵Ľ˴̴ĵ֮ҲϿ˵һЩ
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ҰɣֱȥҪͬĻҲģ
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Ҫһȥ̴ץβϷĵĵ
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һҲ˵˵ѣҲ֪ڵʵҪɱǲߺѣ
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žͶԸӡСҪĸˣͰľҶĶ仨ȫˣ
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ԲɳζĽһһ֪ʲôˣҲֻԹһӡСĸ˲УֻĸĻҲգҰѾҲȥɣ
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ʱ󣬷ӡСȫԱˣ֪ԸһʱŮǲͬķӦСӣȻǸˣֿԸһˣ
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Ұǲ࣬һ˿˷ܸҪΪݿûСӣгϲ
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ǡǵģˣ
ｿߵĻһͻȻ䵥еֲȴҲϲ
ಣ漴͸뿪ԭˣԻȥտˣ
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۾Ҳ΢΢һǰҲое㣬ÿμ죡
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СӣûгȴаЦһСӣˣżʱȻûбˣǾֱ˶֪Ŀģ
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СӣڣþҰ˲Ҫٺ˼ˣ
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СӣһЦֵֹĿ˾һۣô㲻أǾ͵ſʦǸɡ
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ֻǲȳ￹ܣȲСȥˣ˫ϾͷڳԲ.ͦţһ·Ҫһˣֻﻹ̵ס
ַܵϴУԽģֻߺ֮ҲǰģԸоϲϲ鲻ԽĿʼӦſǣ
һֱȵĿɬĻӦȼа״һֻ־뿪ΣӳС룬ܿϳǰһ棬󻬸еԣÿдţ

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ɬÿ鲻ԽľͰѳ·⿪ˣ׽ȥ̰Ŀҧޱȡ
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˵Ҫǿ˵Ļܶ˵ʲôˣó˵ô˴󵨵Ļȷסˣ
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344
ȻȻ죬аݺᣬû³Ǹ˲ɽҰ֮ʹųȥˣ
ȥŮҲѾˣտҰζӶʼ
ϣǶǴ˯ϾβǻҲҪܣ˷ҲûʲôԼһ쾲һҰСӣŮһ
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ҲЩɣֻе߾ҰǾ֧־Ұľģ
һɫҰˣСӣûΪĬˣСĵͷǺã߰ɣȥ˸ﵽʲôܣ
˵һ˷ܵı飬ðһǳڴܹھ򵽵Ķ
ҲһΨСӣŮЩΣҪĸǲǡھҰľҲǼͬģײСӣһ㶼µģȾ͵ͷͬˣ
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ҰˣҲǣǸû뵽Ű֮Ҫʲôèģû뵽ô𺳵һĻ
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СӣԭҪҰѿģСӣȴǰˣ֪ͲҪˣ
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ҲǺЦţ٣飬̲ס쵽Լ˫ȼȥ
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ھҰĺˣں֮ҲǷǳĺҪǴʱĳﻻԼĻôģҰǿƲԼ˼ⷽȥӲѵʱҲӵĲˡ
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346
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Сӣǡˡ
Сӣ֮󣬳ﵱ¾ͷˣ֮һɨʱҲҰˣҲΪ֮ɫߺޱȣȻǿˣΪ鰡
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СӣкǼϢҲڸСӣҪ

һЦСӣѰĲģͲɴ֣æѳڰߣ·ϣתͷСӣ
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ҰҲǣǿ͵ĿȻҲǲ˼ǣЩΣҶɫ΢š
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˵Сӣͽ뵽ȥˡ
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쾲Ůæ룬صǵȥˣǿûоҰô󵨡


347
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ھͬʱһҽͻȻʹӿһҲӽҪȥʲô飡
æס죬ǳˣǡҰҲ
˵ԼĵЩֵֹģйĸоͻȻҲʼҰˣ

콿һϸһ֮ŷǣҰĽԭĲҽеҲ֮ǰСӣһˣĻܲ׷ʲô鰡ԭۿľҰҲСӣ̲ס򿨿Ҫˣ
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찵뵽ͻȻ־ԼǲҲҪһأ
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ѳҲ۳ҵû˯ȥ֮󣬿ͰĻУȥһ㷴ûУɬĻӦſ
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˵𣿹ǱǴܵĶٵ˺ܶ࣡
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ǿһֱ׼򣬼ȻҪɱҲֻÿɱˣ
ͣ
һУһ̵Դٴαĳ֣һиˣѪɽ
ͣ
ͣ
ſӰ˲Σ̵Դиˣһ̣ʵģһûܶĲɱ

գۼɱ˴ӵʵߣʱֲѣ̴֣̰˵ǳܲʧ
ͣͣ֡
ŭ֮µǿѹסжԿĺ⣬ЩĶſæҪˡ
мһۣһЦôɱˣ
ôҰ
ͣûмɱˣ˿ŲſЦĻشˣڵҪѪˣ֪Ŀֲ֪֮ӦðֵĲŶԣװ̡
Ҿͺã
һԷһӵģҲûȤɱˣҪȡǴӵβޣβû⣿


354
Ȼ
ɫѿ˼㣬һЦЦֻЦݱȿ޻Ҫѿ
Ҳû취ʹ򲻹˼ңô죿ŷӦò̴ѾһˣΪΨһ̴ӵβ޵̴壬βҲģͲܷİ
ڲҪȻͲȥˣҲӦû㼰ʱȻǿܶᱻɱ̴ˣ̴ˡ
ˡ
ˡ
ĻȴǼˣǴھΪôһڲôǿʵģ̴壬βߵĻǲ͵ûˣ
˵ˣôˣߣ
ȻչΪӦеĹϵһ棬ͬʱſ˵ССĴҲͲдĴˣϣľҶܹ뿪Ǵӣ
ͷ̾Ŀ˶Էһۣ漴뿪СӣǱ߻ȥˣֻһ˲͵ˡ
ˡ
Ӱʧĵ̻˵Щʲô
ܹľҶ𣿻̴ˣܹľҶǣǻ̴ܿ𣿡
ֱȵɲǿЦģԲٸԷˣҪǿٶǳͻ군

һ֪ΪʲôҪôˣβҲԸжˡ
ԭ
Щ֮ǰŭĿǵ죬ʣµľǾˡ
ǵʬðɣǻشȥβҲãԺ󲻻ΪβǱ߶ˣ
ûκεĳˡ
صСӣʱÿСӣ˷ӡβӡˡҲСӣǵһַӡжÿ˶ֻҵʵޣӡ֮СӣǾȫ۵ˣϢڵϡ
ˣСӣǵҵռϢɣֱռǻشӰɣ
ǲĹȵƣӣ
ţ
ǻӦԵЩˡ
ˣҲҵæǸռȥˣúϢԱߵľȴûȥոһֱڷûʲôġ
СӣŮãÿԽ˸׽һ£Ů֮о;ûˣԲѾҲռҲпıڡ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôȫûпڣûôҲռȥ³˿ĿģȴҲûеȻҲԼС˼
СӣǶΪŮˣȻˣ˼˵ֻóĬʾˡ
Ҳȥɣˣ
ûг¾һ֣϶ž˵
ţ
ͷԼ˼񱻿Щ΢죬Ϊ˲ԼΣתƻ⣬̴Щأ
ɱĸȫȥˣĬǶβ޵Ϊ
һЦҲֻôǿˡ
Ȼһ˵ſĿҫͨǿǲĿĶˣοж
̫ˣ
֮¾ҲƲסԼſҫһĿԴƵģȿԼҪ⡣
˵ķأ
ԲɺٺһЦָĶž٩һ

һ죬Ȼ֪лһ˼˵ʲôأ֮ǰۼ֤أǲǽǿˣѳŮը˶ûڶô
ô˼ش𰡣
ߺӿһЦ˼˵ˣûҪˡ

Կ˵ֻߺش
ûԳԹô֪ǲأϾʵڰ
شˣʱһЦ˵þӲѵĻҪһ£
ߣ
ߺĽһĿ˿һۣŷֿʻûģ֪ϷһԵ÷֡
˵ֲ˵ģ
޳һЦ˫ȵĶžĿ˵ģô


355
Կȵ񣬻Ǿ仰ֻԴһһƬհףͲ֪Ҫôشźã̫ͻȻˣڱ
ֻоԼӱƵϢ
žӣԸеĽ΢ţ鲻Խľȥ

ӤһĿɵôĿſʵ̫ˣû뵽ͻȻһʱҲûκηӦǲ֪ҪôӦˡ
ûзӦصȻӷˣһͰѾĽ§뻳Уͷʼ˿˾أ̰ϾĶС࣬¶
˫ͬʱھţСӣǴʮ꣬ȫˣȻִԲʮ㣬ÿ˫вԸ԰Ρ
ءҪ
ֱʱžɵҡԴؿܳҪƿ̫ͻȻˣûһ׼
ڿǿƵӵ£ܿˣϲſģոջΪ¼УֻԵһ֮ͷԼʧˣȫܲ˿ַĵ׻иڻ̫ˣڸ׽ˣ
ܲˣҲԸ⿹ܵľͳڿӵˣ࿪ʼɬĻӦſ
ÿŷſߵľĵһЦҲһ˰ɣ
ûлشֻûӵĵ˿һۣ˼Ĵ
ٺ٣ǻȥɣұɣ
ٺһЦҲȾͷͬ⣬ƵıӺѾĽ§ڻУ˫ָһѩ棬漴뿪
·ϿȻⲻ˸̸˵Ȼû˵ҲĬ˸֮Ĺϵˣһ·Ͽ֣ԹƣһУԿİɸŨ
Ҳ֪˶֮󣬾ڿĻоȫȥˣȹ̣ͨģȻǱŪ鶯ˣǼٵĶ϶鲻Խľͷתס㴽ϿߣСĻ뿨ĿС
ǳ׵ʧȥˣȫĵĳ嶯֧ˣ֮ǰϱԺоͶЩ棬ڵǺ޲ԼҲʵԺеЩ档
ͨķӦ֪ڵˣҲǼž˸ĵط־˸磬¾ͰѾ ·ȫˣǳϵĽϳڿǰ

ʱ鶯һӶûУſӤһ˼ԲˣҪ

һЦ־ͰѾĽתѹڲݵϣѾ޳ѹȥѾŮʥȫչֳԿü˿˿ɫҺ
˫Ŀ죬һ֮ȵѹȥ

ʹ쳹ҲžӴҲΪһŮˣмʹ㻹ҸڸϳˣһΪŮ˾ʵһֱյģ
ʱҲ˷ܲѣʵ̫ˣŮ˸Ů֮ǲͬǰ쿨СӣȡȻŮζȴȱ˾ֳϵζȻϲôһŮȻζǣ
֮µĿʹ˻ƶھʩչҲһһſԭǱȽ侲ǿģڷſ֮ͱֳȾҰǻҪŵĿҰ
ߣβľҶĿȡˣ
׾յβľҶȡϢ֮󣬵һʱ֪ͨǲߣͻȻ֮ȥ̴βЩϣ׾оƺʲôԾƵģôβ޵ģ
ţ
ǲоһȻ׾Ϣһ£Ҫѵ֪Ŀռβ޲ɣ
ǲкâ˸ǺԸſȻ鶼֪
ɰ̴ҰޣϵһβغҲ β֮Ȼû
׾æ֪ĵڶȵϢҲǲߣ
ʲôѾռֻβˣһβغ׸β


356
ǲ˫֮оǾ֮ɫҪ˵̴ֻββĻǲ߻ȣϾ̴ϣѲ̴βռҲпԭټɰ̴һβغ׵Ļǲߵ͸еԾˣ
ˣôɰ̴ҲԼӵβ޽Ŷԣ
ǲ˸ǵĹâȻ֪ﱩ¶ˣ֪ռŴβˣԲǰռ
ʱҪ֪ǲ߲²⵽ĻҲģӦôͰһβغ׸ȡ߲Ŷԣǲߵûпܿģرǿ̴ֵβҲˣ
֯ĹҲˣ֪ͨһǣǽվҪжץβޣ̰еβ޼в
ǲ漴Ű׾Ըһ
֪ˣߣȥ֪ͨǣ
׾ͷ
Ű׾ʧǲĿ⿴ľҶоǺâû뵽֮⣬ܹΪвҵˣ
Ÿ˼
漴ǲ߾ǰһЦ˿ûΪЩ٣ͲˣԽսԽ˷ܣоŲмֵ
ڻصľҶ·ϣѾҲռˣԼҲռ棬һµĿҲʵˣǾǰСӣȫˣһһܽܽѡǿռˣѪֻ֮۵Ů.ū֮ܽūˣ
صľҶ֮󣬿˼죬ѾîϦǺúðοһ֮󣬾ʹųﻹһ뿪ˣٴγѰββϬȮϳŮȻҪǵܹæˣİۣǿ֪ЩѰββߣ
̴Ŀͽָ㶨ˣ̴ֻӰһ飬վе뼯ЩֻҪǲߵõˣûе֪Ѫֻ֮ôβ֮ǰʱûȤģ
οڿҲʩչ˱񣬳ǵβ֮һһ˾ͱƻˣʱᶯ̴
οľҶ˾βҲûأɱǲܵģҲҪһ˲С
ǵȥѰββڶûǵ鱨ôѰң
ſһſʵһ鱨ûУӵǿĸ֪Ҳ޴ְ֪￪ʼ֣Ѳɰ̽綼֪һ鲻ɣû
Ҳ򿨿ͬǡ
ǸҾˣѰҲ
ٺһЦаʱıٴʹãԿҲżֻβޣʱԼܹҵģڿѾռֻβˣõǲ뼯Ŵβٻʮβ
ҲǾ͵ˣ
ôһ˵Ůʱˣ˷֮ɫһֱһ֮ãľҶʱǿûǸʱܹһֱһ
ųŮܿغѰ֮ҲѰβڵĺ֪βڻ֮辳ڵһеģ
ֻǿųѰһڣҲûҳߵ䣬ûһչЩȫұˣҲûз֣
ôᡭ
üѣҲԤϵģβûҵͳˣβڻ֮һģҲȫˣ
񿨿վڵľ޴Ӿ͸пķǳƣ֮ǰҲҸƵˣֻȴǻ֮ڵһˣ
⣬һ֪βĲϢ𣿡
ЩɺĶʵո͸֪ڵȴûи֪
ţûУ
ͷϵ˵ҪڵĻҿ϶ܹ֪Ĵڵģ
ӦˣֻΪʲô֪أ
ʧĿ棬һԽԽǰĺϿƣβô᲻أ
ѵβûܵɣ
üҪĻĲ֪ȥѰβˣӺµĻĳֵµĺЧӦβڴ󺣵ĻҪҵˣ
ȵȡ
ҪʱͻȻ뵽ʲô


357
βǲں׵һռŶԣĸ֪ҲǸ֪ģ
ԼʧˣβΪʲô֪ˣ
ó˴ԼȥѰҵģǿôƬĺַˣûа취ѰҰ
ǻʱûֻҪβڵĿռûд򿪵ĻǸ֪ǸռĴڵģ޷֪뵽ռһ
ԭβǱƵһСģѵҪȥǸСУ
üĻˣ͸ˣͲ֪ʲôʱҵǸСģ
ˣõϴùķˣʹֶΣֱӰը췭ظβڵĿռҲᱻ𶯵βĻ϶ᱻģ
뵽ϴôץסβˡ
ôġ
ڿ֮زԶĵط׾Ӱӵðӣſǵķ
ȥ˵һɣҪҪ˳ɱˣҪܹɱ˿̽ûֹܹ˰ˣ
׾Цһӽžʧˣ
׾ĳֻ뿪Ƕ֪֮ǰҲûи֪׾Ĵڡ
ͨαƳβ֮󣬾ѾŮԶˣһϣл

ˢһ¿ڵ棬⻹ֹ ϵĹȥٵڵ棡
ߴߴߴߴ
ҫһɹɵڿӿֳּٵӿе֮Уе׵磬ԭڵе󶼳ɫˣ
䣡
һĲȫӿееУֱеҲɲһ˿׵֮󣬿ֹͣʱܵĿΪежվŵˮǰȥһˮȦȥ
꣡
׵ҲҪĹֱˮΰ൱ĺˣʱӵʵ߼ʱӣҲᱻģ

̫˧ˣ
ȻʱҲ˧˼㣬ŮſӰоǳԣΪǵӵħǿе˷ܣ
̵У
ͨɫҲ׵ãбľ漴ݺݵĲ.֮У
䣡
һ޿ƥеǿ׵ڿеб˲ᴩ棬漴֩ҪܼɢӴĺһӾȫ׵ʴˣǺ滹ĺˮȫ׵ʴţ
ð죬Ӷ֮ܵƵģֻˮλɲǼͱ˰ңƿֲף
ӵлֱ֮ʴӵʱŻɢҲվЩڵĺϣβĳ֣
βĻӦþҪˣ
űԼƻһˮĺһЦ 
ˣǰӷĺ£
ûмβ֣ľϲ֮ں洫 ˣĸ֪ҲȻһֱ߸֪˵ķ򣬹Ȼ֪һӴĲϢˣβĲϢŻˣ
ߣڳ𣡡
Ǽ䳶һ΢ЦֻҪβ֣ͱˣξβٴζռ棬ҲܹҵռӶըץβˣ

һ޺𣬿ͼ淭ɫۼ׵β;ð棬βӴԴҲӺˮ˻
𡭡
βŭ˻һ˫Ŀɨһ֮ϾͶڿϣں׵ռ˯ǱѵģҪึۣ
ಣ
һǿˮβĿ´౬ȫϱϴΣٵޱȣգۼǰˣ
ಣ
һܿ
䣡
ǿˮͺڿԭڵĺϣѺҳһߴʮ׵ˮ
ŭҲһӳͶɱְɣ
βڿȻ㿪Ĺʱ򣬿ӰͻȻͳβϿգЦͬʱ


358

β˫ͫ͵һ̧ͷĿſôֵûע⵽βʱо

βŭһˮʹӿһһϯϣšһһγˮϯ
ۣ
̽ԵĹһնͰϯˮˣ
ǿ
һһնܹĹˣβһһȷ˿ǿûһĴܶԷ
䣡
ֻβӴһڶȻˮ棬ܵˣ

βܵˣһû뵽βĵôС˵һֲĶ־ˣԴ֮࿨ҲǰһβԴ󣬹ȻҲģ
ֻǿɲΪβ࿴ͷŹԷβǱӡֵģ
ȥľҶǼ죬˰οŮ֮Ҳѧ˵ӡβ޵ķӡˣβûдСӣǰΪһ˾ܷӡβˣ
С裡
ûзϻֱӻննںˮУϬնɲǼ͹ᴩЩˮβϣ

һƵ޺쳹Ȼˮβһлˣ
ͣ
ſӰҲˮУնֱӳβҪܣŶûУ
׶ݡ
ΪˮУ׶ǿ˲٣ʩչ׶ݶƾ迨ǿƿͨˮĴβϣԲβܲ׶ݹֻһ׵ڿĻն±ͨˮĴȫβϣ

ˮβŭʹ಻Ҷ㣬ȴôҲܲһ׵ն
һβűߵķԼûа취ܿĹĹȻܶˣôһֱȥĻҲֻбɱķݣ
޿ɱ֮£βֻöſ׵繥ָˮ棬ɱ˹ֻɱ˿ߴ˿ܱ֤ȫ
䣡
ǿ
βȫŰ桭
Զſսð⣬˷ܵĴ
ţˣ
˷ܵĵͷͣĿתſβսʵ̫ˣԼϲ˰ɴ˵еβŰŴ оˣ
ǷҲ
Цŵ۶ǿӰ

΢ȻҲͬĻǲ˼ش˵Ҫֶˣ
ţ
ͻȻɫ΢΢һ䣬֪ĲϢĸ֪Χˣһ٣һˣÿһ˵ĲϢǳĿֲ
ðۿһǱߵķ򣡡
֮϶ų˵

Ȼû뵽ͻȻôҲ֪ˣæ򿪰˵Ǹ˹ȥ
߸ƺ۵߹ˣˣ
򿪰֮ϾͿһĳԱ߸Ϲˣɫʱ䣡
ʲô
ԸǾΪĸ֪пֻ˵ĲϢģȴô࣬ٱҲ֪֪ʵ϶ǳǿˣ
֮²ҵæ֪ԶڸβսĿ˳
ʲô߸ˣ
βսеĿɫҲһ䣬ʱܲβˣһ˲˵ߣ
µսܲ˵ģǵռȥ
ųŮ˵˵ĻͲұ֤İȫˣΪ˱ŮǱռŷģ
ţ
Ůǵͷ֪Ļֻۿ
ҵ žͰѳŮռˣ˿ĳԱϹķ
ڿУĳԱȻˣ

ʱβȻ֪ΪʲôͻȻͣˣȴǰһܵˣ޴ӰǱˮУˣ
Ȼβ
ȻСռβޣƻϷļƻ
Զǲ߸պÿβǱˮеӰһӾϳβ ʱϲû뵽ôϲҲΪǲ߸ȷ˿ռβˣҲһ֪ռβ޵Ŀˣ


359
ܿ죬ǲǵӰǰˣ
ҲӶ˵Ӱǲߣɰ֮Ы׾нǶ˿Ҳʶһʣµ߿ͲϤˣǵϿҲԸоǳǿϢҪǿһ˿ӣ
ǲĸֵģôûм
ˣ˵ԤǱҲӰôʱˣںܶ鱨Ҳղ٣ȴҲ֪³Աʲôͷ
֪Ͳ֪ˣҲûȤȥ˽ʵǿӰĵˣˣҲѣҪ̫⣡
СϷǲҪлҵβأ
ǲ߾ӸµĿſһЦĪɫһ
ţо֮ɫһǲ߻е˼ʲô˼ǲ߾ȻֱǰҪռβޡ
ߣȻƻϷļƻ
ǲ߶쵽һľ֮ɫһЦкâɱݺᣡ
ҲûûаԼΪɫı䶯ǲ߿Ϊ֪ǲһѾϢŻô˵ˣʵոûзӦһģ
ûŴβǲ뼯ģ
Ҳ˵ˣһЦƻľļƻ
˻˻˻
³ԱȻôǿ̬ȸǲ˵ɷ׷׵˿ǿǲ߰ж𺳲ѣ
ҲûмĹϵǶɰ֮Ыа׾ûʲô仯ˣԿǿ˽⣬˰׾˻ɱһأ
Ϸ˵ý͵ˣ
ǲ߰©˵
ߴˣᴫ˵еľҶǿɣ
³ԱеһλͻȻ˵ñƿԭһͷԴĶǰ̺۳ª̾ţԵøɷ
ð
ǲ߻˫֣һЦ
Ӳûʱ棡
ǸͷһۣһЦ˲мֶȫûзģҲ֪ǲ߸ʲôֽɫģѵò£³ԱôֵǮɱ
ֻǼǲ߰վŸ߰Ц⣬ʲôû˵ȴÿ΢΢һѵԷʲôرı²ɣ
û˸ôɴү˵ģү˵ֻѾȫˣү֪үҵ
Ļͷгױŭ˫۳ĶſӰһ¾
ݡǹ֮
ڣ
ͷڳ򿨿ͬʱ˫ֽӡ£һɫǹʹ۳д̳򿨿
ݣ
״𾪣û뵽ȻнݵĴڣȻǶԷĽǹ棬Ϭ̶ȿֱƿռ䣬ǣռЧԼҪʱܶԷĹĻһᱻԷĽǹˣ
δֹĽݣҽݻӵſʱЧǿû뵽ģ֪ǲ߾ȥôһ̬ôһĻԷɾȫӵ߼Ӱǿߵʵˣر¶Կв
ܹǲߵǰռһƣΪӵʱĴڣȴһʱĽݣ
ǲûгָԤ֮ǰͷоӵнǰҲǲģ
С
ͣ
елննǺݺݵĺͷУ
飡
նͷײһ飬ͷеӰһӾͱն˳ȥеĽǹҲΪ֮ɢݺݵĵ˳ȥ
ǿ
ͷеıŭ֮ɫʧȡ֮ıǾ֮ɫ˵еľҶǿȻһоܰɳȥ
ಣ
ӵнݵߣǾԲԼģһӾ˲ͷеı󣬾ҪѶԷɱ
ݡ𣡡
ǲȴǲÿ̵óѣڿʱǲ߾ͳˣһ𹥻ڿڵλϣÿ޷Թͷɱ֣
˲
ʶľʩչʱ˲ǲߵĹ
ȥ
ͷھ֮ȷʵһЦ нǹ֣ԭڵĵطʹȥͨʩչʱۼǣóԶĿͷһðѪ


360

Ȼ˵ˣ
˼飡
Ƕɰ֮ЫȻˣϵı𾪣ǿ֪ϴǲֿ߳ҲǱźģ̽Ͼʹû˵˭ܹÿ ģû뵽ȴһ˻ˣ
ȻҲ֪˹ͷеĽݣȴû뵽ԷôϬҲǸͷнֹģҲֻ۳йɱȵϬ˺ܶ࣬ҲֻһǿˣκһܴܹͷУǿʲô޿ƥеĿȻͷлˣ
Ƕɰ֮ЫЩˣ޷ʵ
ɰ֮Ыǻ̿ӿǴΣ֮ˣΪӦҪô죿𣿳ɰ֮Ы֪һ˶ûܴĻͳױˣ
ǲĻԴ滹ֲſ׶ݰأɰ֮Ыſ֮ǰ϶Ҳ˵ģ
뵽ɰ֮Ы亹֪Ǻã

żϵ˺ȴǹһЦ֪ˣûܹ˵ңû뵽Ȼˣͷ˹֣ʲô֣
ĶŹͷУкâ˸ɱˣһҪѶԷɱˣڵģ
Ұɭ
ͷƺΪ˹֣Ǻݺݵĳ鶯ţŭڵȼ˽˹ˣڿʵľأҰɭǰָ˿Ҫÿ֪ɱ˾
ոûܹҪЩʧǶ׼ģû뵽ܱܿĹȴܶҪһҰɭҴ ǰҲɱһӵʱߵģԷܲҪԷ͹ȫŰŶԷģ
׶ݡɱǣ
֪Է֮󿨿۳һе̬仯ʩչзǺݺݵĳҰɭٶȷɿ죬ɲǼҰɭǰ
Ұɭ˫ͫɽ̫ˣûֻоǶôĽ룡
䣡
ؼʱǲ߳˿ĹҰɭŵܹ˵ɲҰɭôȥ
Сҿ㻹ʲôҶ
ǲ߰ĹЦĿĿſ
䣡
ǲ߾Ͷſȥսһ飡
ҰɭҲӾзӦݺݵĵ˿һۣϼսȦ֮УȻս˲֪ǲҪôǰǣƿÿʩչʱǲ͸˵ս
ûʱֿƶǿ£ǱǲߴˣޱȣһαôѹŴ
̷֮ͨ
û취ֻʩչ֮ͨ׼ٻ˳
׼壡
׼һѡ׼ˣǿ׵˲䱩ǲ޷ҰɭǱȱ˳ȥ
ҲϣҪСӸɱ˲Уܰ£
ٻǿͨÿ뵽ģʽУǲϾ֮ǰΪʩչģʽŻᱻӰ˵ģ
Խ֪ǿǲ߾ԽҪ ֻǧѷ꣬պÿһܹѹƿʱҰɭɱʱ
ǣ
ߴˣ
ǶϸͣһǰѿΧм䣬ɰ֮ЫҲǣոյʾˣ¶ݣɰ֮ЫֻðտʾжˣֻӿܹӵˣͲˣ
֮з
ǲ֪ΧסûõģҲʩչ֮зֻǲߵʩ£ɰ֮ЫǵҲüӵ֮иˣܹ֮⣬ҲǵĹǿ
ҪĻܹǲߺܺõĲٿǽս
ǲߵһÿȣû뵽ǲ߻ܹ֮ʹãϣ
СϷͿģʽܹάֶ೤ʱ䣬ֻҪģʽʱһ׼ɣ
ǲ߿ЩסĿĹһЦ
ߣҪûţ
һЦĿǲߣΪû㷢ӳսֻϴεһ룡


361
ڸոյսпȻѹƣǿҲǲߵսԲһˣûʩչʱǲֻ߲ǿѹϴοʱѹƵģ
ǲȻһȴҲûж⣬ֻҪܹѹסʱôˣаսѿµģ˸ԱҲں߿˵Ͳں

漴Ͳٶ˵ˣնǲߵһһնϣ
ͣ
ģʽļӳ£նǿռ䶼иզ룬𣬶ٶ ǲǻûзӦʱͺնǵϣ
ۣ
ֻÿźûһˣǲ߼ӳϵ֮ȫס˿Ĺ
ߣ
ɲΪͷĹģʽµٶȿ쵽£ڵǲҲȫܸٶȣ
ֻˢһӰͷҰɭǰ棬ޱߵ׵ݺݵĶҰɭȥ
ݡܣ
ȻҰɭæʩչһܵǰ
һը죬ҰɭеĽܾڿĹ±ѿҰɭӰҲ˳ȥ
ಣ
ûɱҰɭǲǵĹ׷ϿˣֻƣӦЩɲʩչ˲ˣϵҲÿЩʣ
Ҳûж⣬Ϊɹβ⣬Ȼûôǿ̬Ҳ࣬ϵ˿ѾˣûѪҺˣ
䣡
ֻսȥȴεķԼǲϼĳԱѹƵģֻһʼлֹҰɭȫûɱҰɭĻˣ
ǲȻս㣬ȴҲ֮зٿˣǵѿѹƵģ
ģȥҲǰ취
ֻҪǲԽ Ϥ֮ϣҾΣˣ
üû뵽Լ֮УҪɱҰɭƺѾˣ
кâ˸ȻɱҰɭǲ֮еı¿Ҳɱˣֻܳˣ
֮еķ֮϶ǲϲΪ˶Ըзģ
зǳˬҪǲߵ֮пԷǶǵĻҲôˣ
һ뵽ҪܣûʲôоβȴǻΪǲ߸ȡޱȵĵط
ȻΪǲ˼ˣûô
ߣҪ𣿡
ǲ߿ſļһЦʵǲҲڿǿģģʽµĿ̫ǿˣҪз֮еķ֮Ļ˵ᱻɱˣ
ã
뵽ǲоһ£žǵ⣬ʩչʱа취ȫѿѹǿֻҪģʽʧ͸аɱˣ
߾ߣס𣿡
ԲЦĿⶢҰɭ޲ѣ
ҰɭǾĿſҪÿ֪ĴڣӶʩչʱ
׳գ
һʱȻʩչͲҰɭһߣ
ɶ񣡡
ʩչʱǲȴ֪ҪˣһҰɭӰ򿨿ڵλã
ݡǹ֮
ҰɭһǳϵæʩչǿռۼйĽ򿨿ʧĵطĿƽǹ򿨿λã
ͣ
˸ڰ֮Ŀ޿ɱǼܴٴαܿҪ
ǲߣ´ټβʩˣ
Զ˿ûΪԼƶŭһЦҪߣ˭סҰɭӵѹʱĽΣܵ˿ҲںܱܿҪֻҪˣ
ӻģˣ
˵ſӰٴһ˲ʧǲǵˣ
ݡǹ֮
ҰɭܻȻȫĹоʮֵûӣ򿨿ٴʧĵطһݴȥֻϧˣʩչʱۼѾʧˣĽҲǣˣûпܹˣ
ˣҪȥ׷ˣ
ǲߵ֮гȥϵҲʧβץҪ


362
ǲҲΣ֪׷ȥҲͽ޹ģԻ粻׷ˣϽβץ˵ȻҲռβޣȻܹռֻռֻβˣ
ǣ
ߴˣ
ҰɭæӦǣſʧķ񻹴֮УôǿݾȻˣκһ˵ԿĻǶʲôĺǸ붼֪
ǲǵǿս£βûѱץˣֻǻץ˱ǲһˣ
ֻǶ̶ʮӵսβȫſˣ󵱳ǲ߸ӡˣ
˵ǲߵΣʱѾԶƬ֮ˣͣӰ˿Լϵ˿΢΢һЦʱѾȬˡ
βˣ϶Ѿǲ߸ӡˣһŴβ޾һֻǲߵˣ
ֹţĲˬҵβޣȴǲ߶ȥˣ˶᲻ˬ
ĿĵļǰţǰһӰһԷֻǿ˿һ۾ͼǰˣ
ţ
ͻȻͣͷ뿪ӰǼͻȻԳһЦû뵽βˣȻβˣ
ûոոǸӰߣȻ𿨿ԭмҪἸܻ꣬һģһ۾ϳˣ
Ȼҵߣûз߶ԷĵˣǵӰʱӰ˲鷳ڤǿŮˣ˵þΪڤҲҪӵ߸ˣ
ಣ
ӰһӶͳߵǰˣסߵȥ·
һӰȻͣɵĿſЩŶԷͻȻǰģҾǸոǸˣ
£Ϊʲôסҵȥ·
ЩƵĶſһһ۾ܿľҶߣɻľҶûκνŶԣԷΪʲôģ
ûģԷܴͻûбֱܿӹȥ
βߣ԰ɣ
һЦ漴˵ɱǵĻ˼ϵβϬȮҿˣֻȥˣ
һ˵ţһ߻ĳУ׵Ȼ棡

߷ŭһſ־ܰ׵ڵɫҲһ֪ԷԲ򵥣
ſЩϤӰԺ Ȼһ͵𿨿˭ˣľҶǣľ
֮£ߵӰϰ˳ȥ֪˭ﻹŭɱԷ˿֮ſ˼ĭ֮ϾӰˣ
Ц˵еľҶǿɲܹսʤĶ֣ڻӰ׷أܹսԲѡսģ
ֻǿ𣿴Ȼǲģ
Ӱһһεĵߵǰ棬ߵЩĭֱӳߵǰй
ڣ
ʲôҲûʩչ׵棬򵥵һն
Ȼ򵥵һȴҲǿޱȵƣ߲һ޷ܵĴֻôһĭͼסĹ

ֻĭܹסйһˣеƲߴĭ֮ӰһߵնһѪʱɽ
飡
ߵӰͬʱ˳ȥһ˫۾ſǾ֮ɫ̫ǿˣסβ޵ĻԷ
ߣ
֪ԼĴ߶ʱһβϬȮ۳γһβ£ܲϵĭӿƮȻβϬȮĭĶ
ߵͱһ޴ĭסƯˡ

ֻ߻ּ䣬ĭʹ۶ſ˹ȥĭܼ֮ﵽֲĳ̶ȣÿһĭӵǿƻոʩչܶ࣬ǿ˼ֹ
׶ݡɱǣ
ֻߵĭһЦһ̬仯ǾͶЩĭϣ
žž
ĭڿǹ£ЩĭĳĭƵģ׵ؾͱˣĭôҲˮγɵģ֮еĭɱ⣡
ˢ
Ӱǰҵ׶£ʵĸû𣡡


363

⣡
ڿһ£βϬȮͱӡˣ
ߵʬڿĽ£̶̼ӵս߾ͱɱˣûüβϬȮ׵ͷųͱˣβϬȮӰҲûֱ֣ӱ ϳӡģ
û취βϬȮĭڿǰԵ̫ˣͲһĶ֣׶ĿϬȮĭԲŻô챻ܷӡģ
βϬȮ֮󣬿ҲѸٵĸϻľҶˣǲ߼ȻѾ֪һУôÿ϶ᾡռŴβ޲ŶԣԿҲҪøǾеҪǲߵóˣ
һ֮󿨿ͻصľҶˣҲӶ֪˸ͬӵӰѾˣҪеβ޼һ棬Ȼ̴ǲǿػڸ̴嵽ʱͻͨޣҲϮˣ
ǸҲԭ˸˶ܵĵطû뵽λѡһҲǣǸλںϣȷеǰĻһᾭ棬϶ᱻֵģ
ͺãֻǲһҲǺģҵҪôܳ׵Ľǲأ
аţȥҲûԼʲô취ֱӴɱǲߵģ
ȫսǲ֤߱ܣͿܰҲܰǲûô
벻취Ŀֻεҡҡͷ
صľҶʱΪķ̴ϲȻľҶϣͬеĻк
ʿҲ֪ϲҪǰ̴Ǹڻ㼯ģֻǾľҶպúľҶͬˣԮˣ
ҲûйӰϼһֻΪѾǴӳӰ֮ǿսˣӵӰʵģ
ӭľҶϣܹϰߣ
ϲ֮󿨿΢΢һЦɨһ£ںСѾͷͣһ£ӰŮҲ12䣬Ȼӵر̵ʵϿˣҲ12̵ģ
û뵽ƽ ܳôǿ츳ţѹӰһμӰˣҲɳˣ
̾ĿȻں϶˱Ƚϳʱ䣡
ߣ
ЩȻһȻϼһ˵һľľҶǣ
еϼһȻүүӰľҰˣ
򿨿ĿȻЩмſӵвŮˣȻСŮʧ񣬵棬治ˣȻ֮ĵҲЩССģϾԼòô˵еʧˣ
٣ԭСҲҵĴ
ŻعźǱӵֱᣬõģֻһЩ˼·ͱһСŮˡϿɲһ˿ΣĺٺһЦ
ȻʮֻҪŮԶŹĴɫ.һ
Ƥô񲻽ǼЦһĵſ

̴˵еľҶǿԱ߲нæ˺һ£⿨ɲ׵İ
ϲȴûжӦֻ΢΢ںǰƽĿſžҲӰǿߣɲΪžͺ˿ҿڻһˣ
ߣ
ŲأһĿſ
ͦ𣬿ϧҶԷɻŮûȤ
ûһЦ˺ǰһۣʵҲ˵ǷɻֻСӣǵСһѣ
˵ʲô
˫ˢһ±ð߷ߵĻͷԼزһۣŭѣĿſ޳ɫ.ǣ
ߣ
֮µĺйǣתߣһ飬ʵ̫ˣ
ϲζĿ˿һۣϺôһ仰ͰѺˣǶԿ࿴ǿ
Ҳֻʵʵ˵ѵҲд
źıӰɵúǺһЦ
Ľһ٣˫粻ϵɶţûعͷҧɣͷ˿ԼزŭĸϽˣҲؿĻԼֱˣ
ٺ٣ȻزС˵㣬β̵ģ
źûԶһ䣡


364
ûԶĺٴһˢһֻͨоϻģĿ̫ɺˣ޲ȥѶԷҧ
ߣƣôʰ㣡
޺޵ţϽˣֻ߼䶯ʮֵĲȻܸо˫ɶ۾ڶΡ
ǰһ
źʧıӰɵʧЦһŪһ°ֽоͦģԺеǻᶺŪԷ
Ҫȥ̴Ǹ⵺ģպÿҲȥģһ·ϻһǰأôܻûлأ뵽ԼŪֽҲȥ⵺һв̫ˣ
ſӰ칫ңһÿͷ۵أ
֣ôǼһﻹǲȥ𣿡
Ӱ칫֮Ÿʵ
֪ԼҪȥ⵺ʱ򣬾ͷǳĲˬһֱԸȥ˵̵ûвսӵģôȰ˵Ҳ뿪ԭ˿ȥ⵺Ϊ˱ڳ˲٣ڵȴû̫ܿƫִˣ
ţҲСû취ҪֱӰץȥɣ
ֵͷǰЦſſ⽻ˣ
ðʲôôأ
һЦڸָոŵ棡
ľҶ𣿡
Բɺĵ˿һۣкһ˿ԹǲҪôİ
ſҲ֪ҪҲܾڿǰֽ֮⿪˿Ŀӣͺȥ
ֻоˬСļɻǸֵǸˣ
΢죬ʲôÿģֻӣҲǵⲻѣŪֱѿˬòУͽеͶˣ
ѾһβغסβϬȮβֻβˣβһҲ֪㲻㣬ǲββϲβҲľҶУββ̴壬ܹƿصľаֻβˣЩһɷǳֲʵˣ
ǲǿ϶ģҲûõģ˵Ƕص⵺ȥ˵ǰս͵ǲҵ֮ǰ
þھսһٰǲһ̽ϾûܹвˣԺҾܸ.ңˣõ˻̽ˣ
ҾǲߵʱѡܣǾ͹һˣԻҪں⵺һУ뱣֤ǲӲˣ
һŸֵС񣬸оԽԽһ߸ַҪķ
ְѿĶ˳
ţ˵ûòɸ˵ȥ
ͬ⿨Ĺ۵㡣
á
Կ˵־ͼˣ
̫˵ĻҲȡ̫ãÿ̴ɼ˼ԭ㹻ˣýĿҪɵˣʱ̴ˣ
ţּҪͣ
˵󿨿ѾøֵС뿪ˣֱӰסֵԴҲˣֱøȫȫΪ
ҲôˣеһжѾˣֻҪտԸˣ¾СϵѿŪǽһˬ죬Сʱÿ춼ǣȫȥ
ˣô㲻Ըȥ𣿡
ڸ߳ˡ
ʦҲŲҪ
Ҳô˵ЩСίǼ̵
ٺ٣˭˵ҪȥˣȥΪĴս׼
һЦ˹ȻӣЩɣҲ
ߣ
ȻſĻʦͱƭˣֽ˵ľȥѵֽƭҲɣ
һʼǳƺΪ̵ģԴӱֺݺݵɼ֮˾ѧˣˣ֮ǽиֽģΪŮ˺󣬸ֿǱԭҪôƺ˲Żôģ
ǻӰƭ㣬ǻӰҲ֪ҵĴ㣬ȥ⵺ģ
΢΢һЦ˵ҲûʲôѶȣֻҪʵʵ˵ˣ
ûһʼȥ̽еĻǿߵսҲһǰδеĴսȥҲȥˣʵ̫ˣȥֻҽȰ㲻ҪȥģǸ㲻ȥˣ
аЦʵϼڲƽˣ


365

ԶʱһŴͣţ⡭⡭
ʦȥȥ
Ӧ֮϶ſʦҲҪȥôǿսôٵأ
˴ʱȴǱ÷ǳҪ˫۷Ź⣬޲ϾͲ뵽˵ĳǿսУ
УôΣյս벻˵ģ
аЦ˵

Զʱˣ֪һ˵һģ˵ȥ϶ͲȥģǷϣ
ȻҪҳ֮ǰзһ軹Ҫǿ ĻҾҲȥˣ
Żһת׳һ˲μӴս
ģ̫ˣǿʦʲôʱ
һɨոյǷϣæϲĶſʵ
һ֮ɣ
󿪿˵ҲҪôһˣҪܹԭǿͺˣսǲߵĻһòҲûжĿܣ˾ǿ̫Զˣ
ȴǲ֪Ϊں֡
̴棬ƺ۵ӰȻ֣ǲǣ
βľˣβȣϴΪҪӰĹϵûгȡڵβޣܲˣ
ǲ߿̴嵭һЦβ֮ǲһ̴壬̴֪ȻѾˣܵľҶȥˣ
ǲæתĿ꣬Ű׾̴壬֮ûȥľҶȻĿǰˣľҶпҲҪǳСĲУȡ̴ֻβޣ
׾ؿˣ
ǲߵһЦԱߵİ׾˵
ͽҰɣ
׾˫ð˷ܵĹâЦһ
ͼ׾˫ֿٵĽӡųɰ֮ЫǾͺȻķ֮İ׾̴ܵð˳
á
Ϯ
׾ķһ̴Ľ䱸߾ͷˣ̴֪ͨˣͬٶȴϢӰ
̴İ׾̸оǺȻ֮ɫҲֲ̫˰ɣôôǿķ֮ģǴÿ׾ܵϢһӵ̵ʵ̴̰ ô⣿
һƺеˣֻܰϣӰϣ
ʲôİ׾̴Χˣ
Ӱ칫еӰһϢ;վĲΪ׾ҪĻͨݶϢǾǲˣӰԭ
죬ٶȰϢ̴֪ͨ壡
֮Ӱ侲´ɫޱȣΪӰҲ֪Ϣô찡ǵ̳ȥ˰ϢݵľҶǴеʱ̴ѾҪˣϮǵĿǲߣ
Ӱʱ򣬴еҲ̴ΣˣһڴӵһսϣǾĿΧǵİ׾֪ԷӵжٲȻܹ۳ôķÿһʵģԻþ֣
װŪļһǣ
е̲סֶŰ׾չˣһͰһ׾ķˣֻϧȴȴһӾͱ׾ΧʱһƬţ
˲ſ̴ӰΧ˳˺۵ӣ
Ҳû°ɣ
һ̵æǰĳŵĿ˵̣
ͣ
Ȼȴ̵ȴͬ벻ϮĿؿڴĳ̵ŶԷȻɱ

ҽһ̵ڵϣѪٵʳ
һ̿Ҳͬ飬оҫžŭ֮ɫû뵽ԷȻкͬ
ǡǼٵģСģǸҲ
ʱصͻȻʲôѵĿڳͬһ漴Դ͵ʹȥˣ
ϣһҪЩĶˣ
ɶ̫
ɱ
ݵĳ֮е̶ŭˣһӰЩ׾ȥսϿʼϵа׾ɱҲ̴߱ɱ
ȻҵĻں棬ɱֻͻȻعǵ֮ͻȻɱ̴֣һ̲ϵıɱǱ׾任ǵͬɱ
䣡
ʱӰڸˣӰһͬǰĻжβľ˸βȡ


366
ǲߴϮ̴壿
ԭŴǰ̴ĿͻȻյɰ֮ЫϢ͵һ
ãҪϽУ
вɰ֮ЫϢʱѾ˵ѾսˣǰУȻܿܶβľ˸βȾͻᱻɱ˳βޡ
ֻβޱȡҲûϣҪ̴ŮˣȻǿǿռеģͰǿԼ˽Ʒˣľ˸ķȻԸˣ
֪ͨˣ
֪ʱԽԽΣգҲûʱ̴֪ͨϲǰ
ಣ
ӰһϾҵҲĸҲ˵һ֮󣬿˲뿪ˣ̴ȥ
ϲǵ⣬Ҳˣǰ⵺ľҶһԭǿҲ˴ǰȥģڿֻһ
շ˳ɰ֮ЫȻܵҸϵʱ򣬿϶ˣ
һһңӰͷҪӳסӵ֮ǰľ˸ķǲ£
еĽҲÿ˲ԽԽ죬ûܹӵӰ
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սһֱڼ׾Χ£̴ǱѹŴģǲ߸ʩչ֮з֮֮סǶǣսһ̴ӲˣԽԽ࣡
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İǲĻ̽ҲҪô̴ˣսҸƽϢʱˣʱɣ̽ͳһˣʱ綼սҳˣ
ſ˸˵ľ𺳲ѵĻû뵽Ȼô룬ͳһ̴尡˵ͳһ̽磬Ҫô˲Ÿ˵ĻһʱľתſĿ
ţģ
ľһ֮ǰǿᣬ˳Ŀſľ˿һķô죿Ҳ㡭
ôľ˻ǲ˼˵ɫ΢΢죡
٣ʲô˾ֻӵŮˣ
ٺһЦޱȵ
Сʱ֮󣬿ڸҲǻˣҲǲûǲ߿˿رǿеĺŷԼ֮ǰ˶ԷҪıǲսĻǾͿϧˣ
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ǲߵǿ֮࣬Ҳò̾ǿΪĳ֣ôǿǲ߶ѡˣ͹Գǿʵ
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һڵУҺ٩֮⣬ǰķҲˣֱöԸľֶˣķľһʵڿֵǰǵʱǵľˣϻиľУķҲȫˣ
һں˲ǰ⵺죬ųں⵺棬ڵ˸磬΢͸һЩϢǲ֪еβͻ㼯ڵ棬͵ǲϹˣ
Ҫǲ߻ûָͰɱԽԽãڵÿľ̸˵ģٵ٩Ϸһ°ӹҲʮֵ
ߣеβ޸֮ĵ𣿿Ҫǰȥһ򾡰
ǲڵ֪Ϣ֮Ͳ³Ҫʲôˣ
ϧҪ֮ǰĻ˵һǰȥˣھ͵ȫں˽˵ˣ
ǲҫ˷ܵʣµǱȥģڴ֮ǰиҪҪ
ǾںϽˣҰɭϵϸѾǲоˣҲںϣǲ߾ϲܹںҰɭϸӶ˿ʱĽݣ
ǲҲһ㣬ҪһҵʱȫսݣȻΪҰɭѾɱˣҰɭǲ߲ܵõϸںϣ
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ˣǲ߾ȻûҪȻָʵŻ˰ɣ
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֮󣬿ڵûеȵǲߵĵɵЩ⣬ȴΪǲΪڻָУ
һµʱȥһµʱ䵱У̽綼Ե쳣ĳţƱǰΪ̴嶼֪ǲջڵϸǽоսڹעţûһ㶯е˶еޱȵѹ֣
ȻΪսô콵ٵʱ򣬾˵ϢˣǲԼսڷ֮ɳĮϾһս
ǲϲĵҪʲôȻҪӾһսһһһģ
֪ϢЩĪ
ǲߵҪ󣬿ǿȫģΪǲҪ뼯Ŵβޣ㿨ԼҪ뼯βҲǱҪǲȴǲͬ
ԿȫԲȥǲ߾һսģǲ߶õĳڵ棬ȫסǲ߲ߣٽɱǲߣ
˼һ֮󣬿ȴǽǲߵսΪģڵϿΪǲ߻ߣǲ߶˵ǾһսǾ;ԲߣѾﵽҪĿˣ
ôǿ˭ʵȽǿˣǲϻôԼռƣҿԼʵҲֵţһһһһˣ
ǲߵĶֵĻǲҲŹģܹʱϵܣôŮأѵһֱеŮ˶ܵģɲǿҪģԭҪսս
ľܵӰķԣַԣӰķԣˮӰڤԣӰҰ޷ԣӰľҰҲǼԡǿɲƵ¿Ҫȥǲߵû壬һսأﻹǲߵĶ֣
еӰǼԵģ
ֻӰķԣᣬû˱ǲߵǿѲԿ˵Ҳһᣬǲ߾ԲܹսĻᣡǲߵǿߵİɲŶԷ˵ս֮Ϊֲжܡ
ʱ֮󣬿ӰͶԳɳĮ棬ûκ˸սನܹܵģǰֻװɥ
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ǲ߿ſ˵ѾûмƺΪСˣҪԴĶ֣ԾԲӣҲӲȢӿأ
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ÿôǲߣʮֵĲˬģͬĻӦһڿϣԵҲǵصӿ
棬ɲǲߣɳʯҲǿţÿӰħһηη
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˵۾ͬʱ򿪣Ѫֻۣ֮ǲߵͲдۣ
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漴ų֮ͨ׼ٻ˳˲뵽ģʽУӵôǿģʽʹÿɵһˣǿΨһܹѹǲߵˣ

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һߴɵ֮ǲߵ۳ǲ棬֮е̬Եף޽֣ϵҲǷԣ֮ǰֻüӵʮǧﶼֹ

Աȫ֮еǲߣɫҲûһ仯ֱһ׶ݺȥ
䣡
׵ڿº֮֮ϣʱޱߵ׵ɢ߿źܵɳĮ֮ϣըһ޴ɳ
ǲϵ֮ڿըȥʱһ㶼ûܵӰӣ
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ѹֲŹһµʱøսˣԭȫˣƵôôȫõأʵҲô࣡
вϵ˼ţֻǲΪʲôʵôܸ࣬ķԼ
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Բǧ֮ڵĿһеޱߵ׵磬ڿ˲Ͷǲ߾޴֮Ӱиȥ֮ôӴ壬ڿıնƺһܵĿܶûУ
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һʱ俨ɫɵñʮѿ
ãӵľľչֳǿҲҵԤϣ
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ǲߣѾǲзһˣҿ㻹ôҶ
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ǲϵ֮бƣֱ۱һֻɱǲߵʱˣ
ԿٴιǲʹЩɫҲٴξ䣬˫֮едϱֻۣ

ؼʱ̣ǲдתΪֻۣɲǼʩչһͰѿӰȥԴܿĹ

ֻڱɵͬʱѪֻ֮Ҳʩչӵ˲ӦʩչĲŶԣΪͬʱʩչʩչǸᱻɵøӵܵҲأ
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Ҫʱڷֳʤɱǲǲܵˣֻܴ.սˣ
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ֹ֣ľҶпеŮǣʱǲtɳĮķа濨ţϣܹȫ
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ӰľҰһֱţͨĲ֪ԭ̽ǿ߼սܹЧԭһֱΪԼǿģʱ֪ǲ߻߿Ļöͻȫſˣ
ôľҰڵ֮ҲǸ̾ѣľҶȻǱ̬һ̬ǿ߶ǴľҶгֵģ
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ӰУˮӰڤҲ֮ɫԱߵˮӨаҲһǲt߶½ķ˼ѷɵǾ춯صĴս棡
ɰ̴壬̴壬ÿ̴һ춼ʲô鶼ûһֱȴսĽǻ֣̿ڴֵ̿ȻǺ¿ʧܣôǾ군ˣܹô󶯾սǿɲڴȻϣܹǲˣǲܰȫ
һ쵱Уе˵ĿⶼǿɳĮڵķûһǲŵģڴǲߵͬʱҲڵ᲻Ϊ˵սܻ
Ϊʵֲ̫ˣ治ϵĲţ˶еޱȵĿ־·ĩսнһܶط˶˵𣬴ѿĵط٣Ļ̵̻ģ
һлڼսеĿǲǲ֪ˣҲûһȤȥ֪ʱȫֻսԶŶԷɱԷⳡյս
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һεײ֮󣬿ǲ˵ӰȻֿңңţĿŶԷ

ǲ˶ǲϵĴϢţǵĻָˣսһһҹʱ䣬ҲǳƣˣϵƣأսôãϵƲϵĻָǿĻָҲ˶ˣ
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ǲͬʱŶԷг˼ɵ֮⣬ĻӶԷϿ˶Էʵ
ôһֱȥ Ҳǰ취
ǲ߿˵ţһİݺ᣺һоɣ
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ҡҡͷЩҪĻ취صԭʱգ
ˣ֮¥ŹеҲӵдʱյԭ˾ʹԽص˹ȥӦҲܽصδŶԣ
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뵽ռ֮һЦʵһβغ׿ԣ.սȴǲһβغףҪûбĻ治ͷһβغ׳
һβغ׾ͱӡдռ棬һβغ֮⣬βϬȮβҲӡڸԵУȫڿռ棬˵ռֻβ޵ģ

һһβغ׾ͱͷ˳ٴγռ棡
һβغ׳֮ûһˣҾɲĿſ䱸ţҶǱϴθŰˣְ
࣬Ҫʲô
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˵һβغҲˣβҲ˵ǿЧ𺳣ôҲû뵽Ȼʩչд
һβغ𺳵˫ͫ΢΢һеľʲôľȫʧˣʣµֻƽȻǱıˣ
ԺҾˣ˵һ
һβغûһе񣬿˵һһβغ׵˫ʱһ㲨ſ翴һ
ãˣ

ĺ˿ȻûʧβҲܱܿǿ
ңҵ۾ʲôܣ
һβغ֮󣬿ϾͶһβغʳһֱҪ֪⣡
ˣ۾ǾŴβ޵۾ʮβǰͲβޣ࣬ʮҲĵܵܣ
һβغʻûа㲻Ըˣһھ˵һÿ𺳲ѵĴ
ʲôʮβԭࣿĵܵܣ
ĳԾŴͣû뵽벻ʮβһʼȻ࣡
ǵģ˲ʮҲᣡ
ǸʱֺеģβèߵȵȣûЩСĵλڱֻЩʦɱĶʮǾ;ŴβΣյʱǣӶǲǲſʼıǿǿԭѹͷϵĴҲǵĶˣʿʦҲˣ
ʱǾŴβޱǿ֮󣬾ͿʼΪΪ˷ˣͲ
ʱǳǿǵûһĶ֣򲻹ȴܣҲκβǣǾ͸޼ɵ
ʦʿǾŴβ޵ƻ¿ʼ㡢ԭѹͷϵǿҲǷ׷ɱ綼ǾŴβ޵԰
ʱкܶǿĴںҲ˲ģǿޱȣβèаߣ־ͷǳǿҪһĻǾŴβҲǶ֣໥гȴǱһһɱˣ
ڻѧ֮ȴҲϳ֣ƫһĶһ壬һȵȣʱԶԶûôǿ󣬾Ȼܹβ޿Ĵˣ
һһϢһβغ׵Ŀ˵˳𾪵УԭŴβֵģʿʦʱҲǱŴβ޸սģʿʦʱôҲھŴβ޵УѹֵʱѾҲٵˣҪ֪ʿʦʱǱ鲼µģ
ʮôΪʮβģ
һβغ˵ô࣬ȴû˵ʮβôģæ׷ʵ
ǾŴβް
һβغ׿ЦһʮһֱҪǣûܳɹʮǷŭΪǾŴβ޵ģɱǵˣ
ֻ˺ǾŴβѾɱĴˣ㱻ɱҲٴ۳ʮ뵽һİ취Ǿǣ
ԡʮˣʮǸʶҲǵаӰɥʧˣֻ֪ɱ¾Ĺʮβģ
ֱøǿ󣬰ʮβӡ֮ǾŴβ޲±ֽģԸҪ˽ʮģϧûܳɹֻܰʮβӡƵ̫ȥΪ
һβغװ֪Ķ˿ǾŴβ޵ĳ֣ıɣٵֽ
ʮôǵģ
ʳ֪⣡
ǵ⣬ͬһǵĲֻ۾ˣȫǾŴβ޺ֻҲͻ᳹ױʮβ֮ˣֻۼϾŸ񣡡
һβغʵشҲû֮ǰҲ˵̬ˣΪ˵ͻбɵΣգŲҪ
ıƣѾ޷ֿˡ
֮жǿܴܲԽʱգҪ˾Ŵβ޵Ļ᲻ʮβɥʧǳΪ
һβغ˵İ취þòͬʱҲ֪ܹںϳѪֻۣ֮Ҳһ֮ǶôĽң;ֻ˵ɺϣ
ĵľˣβ۳֮۵Ļܻܲصδ֮ûôǿ


379
ܣʮβ֮Ҳûдʱյ
һβغ׵ĻÿʱȴûдʱյĻͲҪȥɾŴβˣֻôصδͷ۲ѣѵȥ
ֻ֮ܿʱգʱգ
һβغ׵Ļÿ˫һƸʱգҪͨĴ֮۵ĻǲǿԿԼصδ
һβغͣûмش𣬿ɼʵɾŴβ޵׻᲻ʮβ޻ɥʧԣ
ˣҲ֪
һβغ֮ûлشҲΪҲ֪

ľ֪ҪҪβޣԼѪֻ֮Ľ֮ۡ
ʵ˵ȻϣԼøǿ󣬲ҪƱȡĻҪ
һʱ俨˼֮УĹؼûа취ɾŴβ޽֮۶޻Ǳأ
һţпǰһβغףҪҪǰһβغˮһأֻһֻβ޵Ļûа취Ӱ쵽Լģ
³βô죿
Ψһĵľһˣʱûҳһβغ׽ۣ֮һβغʵĴռ֮ٴγ档
ҿ㣬βڳڳˣҪóУԲƻǵĳ򣡡
㣬˭ȥ֪ͨʦǣһԿβգֻʿĻ϶ܰ˵ģ

̤̤̤̤
ͼţʿװķȥͷĽϺšһӼʿʿڿǰˣ
βգ
üͷ΢壬ȻһЦû뵽ԼȻôõβˡ
ֻǶβ֣൱ĲˬʮֵĲˬյСձܹҽеǿʥš
ҿЩûб֮ǰβǿʲô̶Ȱɣֿɲܴ
һӰǱ˹ȥЩʿҪٶȳڳ⣡

⣬͸оһ˲һβ͵ĺɫ߰ųβյعѣһ۽緢˾ǴЩ۽βϯģ
ǿϢ
а࣬δںϳΪʮβ֮ǰβޣȻϢϾǿ˲٣ϸһɱŰɱţܵĿռ䣬˸еѹѹ֣
ǲҪˣųһβغҲĲ˰ǵӵʵָ˵
аԭǲȰβշӡ˵ģڿˣ
ſͿЩʿʿȫˣҲ βտЩ˵ˣͺèڿһĶϷ֮ɫβյӣרɱ˵ģǴΪģѹȤˡ
ʿ󣬿ҲһЩʦˣδҲڴһЩʦһ֪ʦˣ
𣡡
ʿʦβ˷ܵ˻һһͳȺ棬˫͵һģһը죬۽ʹӵѳɽЩʿʦϣ


ҽʱ쳹һӾмʮʿмʦ۽ɽϣϵ·һɹζǵϴ
һ¾ôǿʿǻʦʱ˾֮У־ĿβоǾ˵βյǿȴֻҪֲû뵽Ȼ̶ֲֳȣ
ǿô죿赲Ļͻᱻƻġ
һŮʦڶп׺βգоǻ֮ɫŮһɷǳ崿ʥϢԶĿҲע⵽ˣ
УһҪУҪߡ
ŮʦҧҲжβյĿ־壬һͶβճȥ 
аף
һ߳βգŮʦһ߽ӡʩչһ֮һ״ӿۣݺݵľͺβյϣ
䣡
ֻβյ˵ŮʦĹʵ̫СˣͲ˵βգ
𡭡
Ҳβյ˫ŭոյ׵һģһ۽Ů
򣬿
Ů󾪺
ֻż۽ɵˣٶ̫ˣͶ㲻


380
䣡
ڸԭڵĵطβ۽ݺݵĺ汻ը۽ɢ
򡭡
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ǰһĻЩʦǷ׷ɫޱ䣬Ҫ֪ǳԤŮˣ¸¾ͻӭȢˣ군ˣβձߣҲӲ˱ͷĺ
ʲô˾ȻҾҪɱˡ
βյһŭΪ֮һ㶣ŲſԶӰһӱڻУȻովǶԷŮģ
˭
ȻܹβյĹ¾¸򡭡
ٶȺÿ죬Ƕûзôֵġ
Ǿ;𾪵ſҲһ˿ϲôǿ˵ܹǴβա
Сãû°ɣ
βյķŭŻлھеĸЦһиŮϴһ˿ÿЩ崿㣬ÿЩҪѱŮϵĳ嶯

ĻŷӦһæ뿪ĻתͷſЩ΢죬٣ոΪأ
ллллң
мĶſĿſʱһ˿룡
УǴҪŮˣϲ˵ģ
оԼвһ˿㺣оϾԼһתͷȥҼſ
û£ôƯСۿҪ棬˭ֵģ
һЦҲԳһȻ̫ϧ˰ŮԼǰɱ
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ٴνһ£ӦһĻЩССϲȻ֪ӦǻǿƲˡ
Ľÿ˫΢΢һôǰŮԸ涼ʮֵ崿Ů
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ȻһߵβտνǱףΪŴβ֮һ֮ûĸǰĿǵһһҪÿ֪С
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βŭһоһֲĴ˹۽򿨿
ಣ
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ţ
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㵽ʲôˣ
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βûлشֻ۵Ѫֻ֮۴򿪳չβУ
ǡ
ۣβʱһֻʮӵе۾׿Ϊʲôֻһֻ۾һǺɫģм仹һ񣬿ǵĻҪֲӣѵǰǵֵܣ
ʮǾŴβ޿ûһǵĶ֣ܿ⣬֪ʮֵ֮βʹ뿪ˡ
ãүϽͲˣ´
βܸɴĵͷӰתͼԾ뿪ˣЩʿʦĲ˼飡
͡
뿪ˡ
ô򵥣ǸӾʲôͷ

е˶Ŵͣвţû뵽ƻ˺ܶβһǰ˵߾ˣ̫˼ˣ
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βôɴ뿪веһЦβҪսҲνǸβģƴĻԼܶԷûģֻûһӡɹϣԿԲֿó֡
ĵЦûʦŮȴˣЩãȻſոտֻ߶ԷģӵдܶԷʵŰߵģ
ôβ˲˰
ŸãȻ񣬿ɵ٩һЦ
ûûУ˭ôôȻβ
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381
ңûϵĵ𣿡
ĪһЦ
ʿʿô𣿡
ɻĿſ
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Цһʿ̫ˣ˵ɵͰɣأ˵Ҳû֪ʲôʱ߲Ÿո𲽣ҲʮˣҲϰ˲ˣǶûаԼΪأ
ͣ
ſоɻ󣬵ʲô
ǰõģǵ𣿡
ŸԽø
ǣ
ͷÿ˵ĺе
ˣˣβѾˣûʲôҾˣ
ڰֵٶ˵ʲô뿪ˣûȥһµĺã
ܹصȥĻҲʲôβ޲βˣ֪֮۵ܾˣҲԼѪֻؽ׳ۣ֮صȥǲǻزȥģѾûܹвˣ԰ĵˣ
ɲǲ߾ܹʱҲֻ֪пһ˲֪ܣ
ȵȣ
Ҫ뿪ûֹǸʿȴǼæˣ˵֮æǰֹĿſ˵ʲôвҿڣ
ǿҪÿУ˿ǾҲҪĻβϮǳˣſɢŵϵȴǲ֪ôڲźã
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һ۾ͿԷʶĮʵûһȤأ
ܲסǳУŴһôģ
ԥһ£˵˵Լڣ˵ҲǱܾˡ
ˣǳдһʱǵβ߳ŭֹƻǵĳ򣡡
ڿ׼ܾ˵ʱ򣬸ȴ¸ҵӵĶſ۾ϣĶſ
ŸϣĿԭҪ˵ڵľܾû˵һ֮ſڣðɣҾסˣ
ҲҪطϸоһԼϵƣԾʹӦˣҲԼŮֱβɱˣβǵ׺ݲ̲ûпܵġ
̫ˣķǳл
Զʱſĸлܹβ޵ǿֻ߰ҪǾͲõĳˣ
ڿǴ೤ʱ䣬Ŵһᴦˣþһа취ѿġ
ﲻ֮󣬿͵õټϢˣҲûжĲҲǸˣЩƽǰãǿߵǰǸʱ׵ߡ
Ҳǿô룬ƺ̽ûһ߸ôģƺедǵ񣬾жԵ߶ûиҶԴֵģ
㿨ͷǳٲնˣ̽ô֪꣬ľֻŲһ˵ҷ䣬Դֻ֣ûгɹѣ
·ϵʱʦ˾뿪ˣȥˡ
ˣ̫ˣ
ҪֵĻ˵ʦͻᱻβɱˣʦ¸¾Ҫ¼޸С檵ģҪ˵ĻȫҪͷġ
һ·ſǰһҲǶſмġ
Ŷ
ֻǵӦţڽĸͲᣬƨȫûõģƨ࣬ЩͼʿͲ
𣿲֪ʲôӣȻ¸¾ҪӭȢǸ򣿡
ȴǰţû뵽ǸŮȻǴµŮˣͷûɵһˬԸȻûʲô뷨֪һŮҪΪ˵Ůˣ˭᲻ˬģ
꣬𣿡
ֻǵʱ򣬿ľͲˣֻķʵĸһͷƵġ
꣬ķҲȾָܳ
ʮֲˬҪ˵һ˧Ļףһ£ϾҪ뿪ʱصδģӺ󿨿ʵ޷ܰ
ԽԽǾöģڳеһ㶼ûȥ
£㲻˵ˣǲģҾͻ뿪
ʮֲòĴ˴Ļ
͸ҰŸõķӰɣסĻҾͶס죬õĻߣ
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382
ΪʲôˣȻҵϣûеǴˣ
ɶ񣬾ȻʹӶһʹң
ˣ
뿪֮󣬴ǷŭܵʿǸȻĵԴҿǵĴûмôŭ
찡ǸҲ̫ǿ˰ɣ
ȻѴµӶʹ
군ˣ²ɱŹ֣
Ķְβܵˣ
군ǸҲᱻϳ͡
Щʿȫп쿨ĽҲˣ亹ϵĴӱʳ
٤ޣҲʲôİ취˵ȥɱǸĻ쵰
һ֮󣬴Ͷŭһ
£ǧ򲻿԰
ҪɱββٴϮǵĳĻˡ
٤Ȱʵи˵ǸͲ˼ҵĶְôɱ
ѵôʿô˺Ըһֻβ𣿡
ŭϵķⲻסĲš
⡭
٤޲һش𣬲ɵȴǱһУ̧ͷ

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ʮֲԸһ㣬ʲôʱ߾Ȼͷȥˡ
ǵģ£Ļ´βϮǵĳ˼ҲЩϮĳһشݻ٣ȫ𣡡
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٤޵ĻķһӾǷϸ֣̿ȵ鱨һЩֱӱβɱޱȿ־
ǡԸô죿
Ŀ־壬ôڿķŭɢˣȡ֮ıǼҪ¿

٤ͷ󺹣Ͳ֪ôشźãҲͲôǿûܴ򶯶ԷȻǲܵˡ
¡ȥźסɡסһЩʱ䣬취
ΣֻøϽ٤ȥ׼õס
ڴֿ־Э飬ȫ֪ģֻ֪٤޺ܿ͸һǳݻסĳһ֮ʹЩŮʲôģʼϸĲ̽ϵ״̬
Щ쳣Ĳʲôоʱֲǡ
ջûܲڵ쳣ʲôڵ쳣ĲʱŻɢ֮󿨿˿ֻҪָܻУ
٣ûмʱ䶼Ȭ˰ɣ
ֻǻָٶÿʮֵۣ̫ˡҲûа취Щ쳣ֻĵˣ
ڴдʱ䣬ڿ׼뿪ʱȴˣЩģ֪ˣ
ʲô𣿡
ĸʵ뵽ǰŮþͻ¼޸ǸһĪķŭֱǲбﰡ
Ǹǡ
ԴҿſҰѻ˵
Կץ˫֣Ҳ쳣Ŀ٣ЩԣѵСѾͷϲ˲ɣûܰҪ˵кøпţֵǰôЩˡ
û˵ֻǿŸ򣬵ѻ˵
Ǹܲǳ򣬲Ҫߣ
ոņ̀ͷſʵоϣ֮ɫ
򶼲ȻȻҪ¿յټ˵Ҫİסѿԭĵ׾˿һ˿ӰӣֻԼˣΪ֪ǲܵġ
Եô˵ʱĶڿоͱͻȻŴ˼ŻӦġ
ڸʮֵϣܹӦܡֻǸͬ뿪ļʮֵľᣬ֣̿ҪǲͬĻֵü޸ˡֲԸ޸ˡ
ٺ٣˵ҵ𣿡
һЦܵģһ뿪ģ
Խһѹ㣬Ȼ𣿸һ˿ϣſҼ޸أܲҲҪ޸ϲ㣡
ʲô
ʮ⣬û뵽Ȼ˵Ͳ´𣿽ſ뵽һǴˣѹֵָô
Ҳ˸иģڼ޸ͲԸˣ


383
˵֮ҲˣϮĿ⿴ſ
޸Ұð
ҲûĻشڴĺˣҲ뿴ǷУοֽϲǾ͸Ӧôˡ
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ЩŵĵɴĿΪԸΪأͲ֪Ҫһ뿪
ŸǿɰģʦװҲһɷװ/󣬿ľͰѸӵ뻳УŸĺ󽿴ȥ
ûʱȥϸ˵õİ취ǳˣˣˣŮ.ū֮ڸڣ˵ʲôͲᷴˣҪ鷳ȥһЩˡ

һڿӵȥһƬհףͲ֪ηӦˡ
ҲûŮйˣɰĸȥ

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٤Զ죬ж¶˷֮ɫȻɹˣŮ˰ѿˣ
ֻ˷֮࣬ĻƣԭϵŮ˰ۿ峤ɣѾ׼ԵˣҲò£뵽۵ӣ͸оԼڵѪҲĸŮ˱ȸҪ˵ˡ
ر򲻶ϵŲϵĴ쳹ᣬֱͺͷϴ˶ñһⶥñӻԼȥģᶼˡ
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٤Աȴҳ׸Ʋ߹Ȼã
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ڸ֮󿨿͸˵˻ǻ뿪ľʲôû˵ȫ˳ӣֻ˵˿ȥ͸ȥģʲôʲô
ȻˣȴƣѾ뿪ˣֱӾͰѸĽռȥҲĸΣգһβغͱñշˣֻǰһβغ׸һռУһβغײƻǳġ
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ǰҸлһǵĴסĲŮҲ´·Ļǵģ
һЦתˣ˿ûм٤޷ϻ˼ˣ
⡭
٤ȫҽʵ˴ϵŮ֮󣬾ȻҪߣ⡭ⲻ˺ôʲôҲ˿ô޳ܵ
лһлðҸ˵ֱӱˡ٤ᣬſԶıӰ֪Ǻã
Ͳóĵӣø򱻿֮û¿Խ٤޾Խ࣡
٤޻عʱ򣬷ֿӰʧˣ²룬ͻؼʰ·ˣﻹҴ򰡣ߵɱ˽Ź֣
ۣ
Ĵڵ֪Ϣֱ֮һѪûסÿֱд
ŭ֮ķ¾Ͷ´ͣ͸߶Ľɱܵ٤ޣҲûзŹĳ֮·ˣѪ

ȻҲͨʱմҴʱˣϷԭΪֻϷһ˴صʱأ
ͨϢܿͱһʶҲ֪ˣǾǲߣ


384
ʱǵ͵һĺãҪҲźã
ǲа뵽ڴʱ֮ǲ߾ͷʵ˺ö࣬ڴڴ쳣ȫһֻǲߴʱ֪Ҳ״
ǲŭȴϵľݣҲǳϸȻʧȥ˺ܴһֵˣڵ쳣Ҳָˡ
ݿľݣѪ޽ͬʱڣľȫƵǲ߾û뵽ģʱҪڶˣ
û뵽Ŵβԭʮβ֮ǰʹڣʮβôأ
ǲߵڵ֪ʱ鱨֮һֱܺ
ж֪òȥˣǲһǧֻһڰ
ӣһǲҲǺǲһˣ
һǧˣǴǧָһˣ
ǲǧʱͻϣӵҲǲ߻ص֪ģҲ⿪һֱʡ֮ǰǲǲһǧһĶΪʲôȴϵģ
кܶļأǲҲ֪ò࣬Ϊ̫Զˣǲһǧһսô꣬˺֪ܶܶ࣬Ƕ˵ĺѣ
ʮĵܵܣΪʲôʷϻûκļأ
ǲһ⡣
ҪҪȥռβأ
ǲͨдܹưβţʵȥռβ޾ûģǲ߾Ľɱ
СǲǸһʵУ
ǲ߻ǾҪóȻжѾ֪ĴڣǾռ¿鱨һ¿ʵ˵
ʮǧǲǲʶĲȥԼûʲô˼ҪӡʮβҲҪʮβӡԼγǿгͻģӲȡ
뿪ԭڵĳ˰·֮󿨿ϳԼں֮棡
ϵ֮¥ųǣ˼ʱ䣬·ϺܶطǳİֺУֳûЩּ͹żͣĿʤ
Ҳ˽˴ʱǣȷûβǿ󣬹ûаϸġ
˲ֿҲģҲֻŹˣûɱǣ˵ͨ޵һء
뵽ķ֮֮󣬿ܿҵ¥ųˣûо¥ųǵҵڡ
ˣֻҪӿˣ
һʩչһǿնݺݵĺ֮ϣ
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о屻ˢţ񼤶ڴ
ԸܵʱĲʱǾûˣǲ֪ܲһԴصԭڵǸʱգ
ˣ
ֻǵ˷ڴ֮Уڵ쳣ȴǲԭΧſһӾ͸

һʧˣ㶵Ĵԭأһ仯ûУŸոԶ߷һʯͷ֪ûнκεʱմ
ô£ڵ쳣Ȼ
üͷ쳣ոյı仯ֲû뵽ı仯

аٴγһУٴγֻһڵ쳣ˣ
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ʱƿڴû뵽ᷢչӣڴѾõȻ޷ã²ƱһĿܲܶĻصԭʱգھĵĻᶼˣ
ڵ쳣ȫɢĻҪʱ䣬ѵҪʱϼʱ䣿
ƲѣôŮԭʱյʱʲôûУôǿˣ֣ʵȿǿĶв٣ǲұ
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385
ͷϿһ糡ʧ֮úŮӣֻӳ죬ʮҵӣ
¥Ů˰ɣ
͵ĿɨŶԷһЦ
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ŮԽһĿ⻹ǳĿſ˵㾿ʲôˣΪʲôҪƻ
ոڿһƻʱ͸֪ˣϾ͸Ϲˡ
ֻ֪ǿôӴ뿴ܲʹã
װ޹ĵһոշ˶֪һ
ŮȻſȷԷ¥ˣǲпԭˣԼƺ˶Է
ԭǽֹһ˿ģ
Ůɫ漴ƽĶſһֻ۵еһ˿貢δɡ
Ҫǿһ۾ϳ¥Ůݣ¥϶˽¥ˣֻǶԷȻûŶֵĴ㣬ҲͲ׷ˣϾڿŮоǿѹ
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Ů֮ĽŲ𣬽žӿ˴ʿһվŮȫĿſ
Ů£
һǽʾŮҪ֪ŮǲҪöԷ
û£ֻ󴳽ģҶ°ɣ
Ů˰֣һЦΪŮӦеϢһչɣ
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ŮոչֳϢǿÿ˫۷⣬һμֳϢŮ
뿪ˣϣҪٳǹƻ飡
ŮЩȻ¥û˸ôĿ⿴
ٺ٣Ӧòˣ
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һĻŮ֪Ŀϵĵſһ
ֻŮϵѹԿһöûеģÿЩ椹ȻŮζʮ㰡ϷϷһŮôأ
ٺ٣ʲôҵģ
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䣡
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꣬һεŮôôǿʵܹõ˳̶ȣ
дѣǰŮʵϵǿѹЩʿһҲŮİΣŮ뿪֮͹ϵȥˣ
ɶ񣡡
ŮߺŭյĽһķŭ´ӿֳγһ̬ſצϯϣ
ˣ
һǿоЩܵǿͬʱǹܵĿǰȥһ
üͷҪ찡ʵ۷״̬˵ﻹҶ
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ſܵˣŮǲһֳ
ſķŮǺ޵ģƻߣŶûУбڴóѣ
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ƣ
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386
ߣСһ״ҪȻҲֻβˣӦǰβӡ˲Ŷԣ
ǲͨע鱨֮ڵ֪һʵ£ԾţϾͬʱգ쳣棬϶ҲŶԣ
ǲûô϶ģ鱨һ֮ͿֵĿ϶ˣ
һϷͿȥռеβˣ
ǲ߳һЦ¾Ͳٹ˼ʲôβţͷ˳ǲߵӰվڰβţͷϣ
ֻͷųİβţֻǷŭһֻ۾ͱд۵ģǲ߸׿ˡ
ɣʱҪõβ޵鱨ʵ̫ˣ
վڰβţͷ֮ǲ߾ͶŰβţһͬʱ̾һ
Ҫ֪δǸʱҪõŴβ޻ҪʱȥռŴβ޵鱨УȻȷĸطӡ˭ˣ
෴ʱÿһֻβ޶źУƻţֻҪһ㲻ܵõβ޵ϢҲ֪ܵһβ޵ȥ
ܿǲ߾ѡһֻβ޵ټβǲߴ߶Űβţβոճֹõĵطǰȥ
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ЩǺµģϧû뵽ǾŴβ޶ΣǰôֻҪ
ʹβʼˣܲܰǷӡҵ
ʮоǼᶨѾоֹܹŴβΪİ취ˡһ;βԣҪǳɹĻβҲһӡ
Ŵβ޲֪ΪʲôˣʮҲû취֮²İ취˵ʲôҲͬ⣬ִŵ֪һжˣ
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ܳʱ׸øʲôźãͰ
뿪¥ų֮һ·ϾƲѣڵ쳣һû;Ͳʹʱգ
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ֻ뾡취ڵ쳣ˣ
֮˸ط֮Ͷռ濪ʼо֤ڵ쳣ˣڻи飬Ҳرģ
ֻоһµʱҲûܹо쳣İ취֮󣬿ܲˣռ˸
Ҫ̽ϢҪҵ뿴ܲܵõҪİô˭Ҳ߱棬ˣӦܹ뵽İ취Ŷԣ
ֻÿû뵽ȴռе鱨֮㶵ˣ
ʮβѾˣββһβغףβѾˣβèȴڣ
㲻ˣһβغ׸˵ģʮβӦھβèֱֻǾŴβ֮ųֵĲŶԣôǰͳˣ
ʷòһˣѵҵĳֵµĺЧӦ
ЩȣֻβնѰ˵ӦôĺЧӦŶ԰
ȵȣҵΪôĺЧӦǾֻǲˣǸϲĸˣȻҲǴʱˣ
üͷһ֮չҫ뵽ֵܳˣ
һǲߵΪʷĸı䣬Ŵβʣֻ߸βèȴǻûȥ
ǲ߿϶ʮˣǲ֪ǲߵõβ޵İ취ʮǲߵİǰ仯Ϊʮβˣ
ܳǲߵĻ۾ǱҵѪֻ֮۸ˣѾĹ֮˰ɣԭӡİλţβˣ
ٴϲﻹĶְ
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387
ɲұ֤Լʱļʱ᲻ᱻǲ֮ͨ󿨿֪ǲǿ϶֪ĴڵˣҪǲ߱ǿ˻ܲŹ֣
Ҫǿǲ߿ʮ׳ȫʮβǲԼ׳ʮβŲҪʱȫʮβһ֣
ʱǲʩչΪ¶֮۵ĻܻصδǸʱ
Բǲ뱻ǲ߳ԽɱֹǲǷļƻӵиǲ߿ʵУ֮֮ͬ⣬벻İ취ˣ
¿ûκԥѸٵĽ뵽ռ棬һβغ״Ǹռȡ˹
ڸ򿨿ռȥˣϾڼ俨Ҳ֪ᷢʲô飡
ˣ
ٻһβغ׾͹Ķſ
ŵѪ
ֱӶһβغβ޵⿨ûˣȵѪҲǾԿеġ
ǣˣ
һβغ׹Ӧһûа첻ʣצо۳һξѪǿɲͨѪˣһβغ׵ľľѪɢѪɫĹâ쳣һζ͸
ڵѪʲôģ
һβغӹѪ֮󣬾ɵԼˣ
䣡
һһβغ׵аڿںҴ²ҵһβغ˵ĲͬЩ
Сʱ󣬿еĲͬΪԼһˣĲҲһ仯һβغ׵Ĳˣ
Ѫֻۣ֮
ɹһβغ׵ľѪ֮󣬿ʹѪֻۣ֮һβغף
زÿԼ߶ˣеһĹͿٵתе֮ı

ϾͼһβغײҽһӴ忪ʼĽ壬һɹɲ۸˽ȥһβغײϵĲҽţȴûһ㷴ʶûȻҷ
ҲΪֻٻ˰Сʱʱðһβغ׸ˣһβغ׳ʧˣеѪֻ֮Ҳһ׳ˡ
䣡
һɹǿٿ緢֮ȥһֱĵֱ仯ȴһ㶼ûг֣ʶ棬Ҳûи֪һβغ׵аһӰ죡
ˣ˵ûб仯ʶӦҲܵһӰŶ԰Ȼĵܵʮ˵ͲܻᱻңΪʮβġ
ˣһβ֮ǰͱñշˣʶûһΥҵʶԲûһӰģ
һβûаΥҵȻҲᷢʲô仯ˣ
ܿ쿨ͨеĹؼе˸ҪĻβ޶ᱻİ취ˣ
ؼǲֹˮıִȴ֮УҪ취ָʹ״̬У
ٵķš
ܹñ ȴʧʱһм˵ϸܹɣģǧָǲоʮʮӦøǲһ飬Ǿֻܴˣ
氡ǲǧ֣ҲǲһǧһڣҲ֪ƴù
뵽ԼҪ֣Ҳסٵû취뷨ʵ̫ˡ
Сģģ˭ӶûаëǮĹϵˣ
ֻԥ˲ӵʱ䣬ҧҧɫüᶨ
Ҳܳ嶯ӦԲУһþĶ֣Ҫǵϸ㹻ʹõĻͲҪˣ
ȻѪӿܹ侲ġ
ȻββϬȮʱȷӡռˣˣӿɲɻҪӰɹ
ββϬȮҲһɵģֻҪѹˡ
֮ǰһҪռβ޷ӡУǲѾӡֻβˣʱľֻˣʣµֻβ޿ɲȫˣȻ˱ȴʵҲǿߣ
Խ뿨ԽͷۣôͻȻ֮ԼľƾͱôΣսˣûʱʱԼŶβ޵ģﷴǲռˡ


388
ʿʱҪûʱУҲβ޺лҵʱҪռβ޵ϢԭǷǳ׵ģ
һ塢βȫ֮β޾ȫˣҲô޼ɵĳˣżҲϾҡڵĳˣ
ǣҲЩˣǾŴβݺôʱ䣬ȴһӾͱֻһ޷Ǿֵģ
Ҫ֪֮ǰǲûбʮǶܹ۸ֻʵһЩˣȴǡͬˣһβǱ֮һϢҲûдʣµβȻʼˡ
˵ӵ鱨Ƚ״ˣڴ̽β޵ȷеص£ҲֻѰĶǲˣǧֵλеԶʹǲֺˣ
Ǹǧ֣ҪԣɶҪֵܵĻҷɱɣϲŮҲҪ
ǲһֻսͬʱҲϵŭţеŭйֵϣ
䣡
ֻֻǲĹµǲҲ̶ãŰ󶼲֪ԭʲô״ˣ
ͣ
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ǧ֣Ҷ˵ϲˣȥ׷ǧ֣
ǲŭš
飡
·ҪйԹһֵʬ屻ǲݺݵļ̤š
ԭǲǧֵĳһʼȻΪһŮˣû뵽
ϷͻȻǲ𣬿˲̵ʱˣһֱǲǧûж֣Ҳȫôһ£
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а뵽Ժ˻ᷢչһֳޣ᲻ǲǸɱأǧ־һӼ̳ϣŴһأ
аҡͷôأЩɲԼ飡
ʲôˣ
ǲתͷǳĿſ𺳲ѣͲ֪Ǻʱġ
һҪˣ
һЦǲӿʵЩԶԣǰǲȻøǳֻ˼ܻ꣬ڶʮҵʱܾǳǰǲģ
ߣ
ǲһмĿڣʲôȻҲҪҵ
ǲȻոձĳ־һ£ҲֻΪԼˣлǲѿеģҪ֪ϻ˿ɲ࣬ʮĵܵܣκǰзǳǿŸԽС
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ҲһЦоͻ
ſУǲеĲмŨˣһʿǿȥ
εն
Ҳûһʩչʲôǿļܣʩչһľ񱩵ĵⱩедޱߵնǲ
ôܡ
ܵѹȶǿ壬ǲɵɴ˫ۣĲţûϵʵǿʿĵȻӵô˼

֮µǲæʩչһ˿Ĺ
ŶѾ˰
΢ѹһ£漴ȻʱŶʮˣз˺ܶȻģôΪ϶Ѿзˡ
ȥݡ
ǲһߣžŭһһſ¶ϣоǵ⣬㿨Ĺǿô֣͹Թ
ɲ֪ǲеԽԺǻеնȥ
ߣ׳գ
ǲһвЦȻʿʿȫĿ¡
ۣ
ֻһǲϵıͽסˣŵĿԼʩչȻһ͸ˡ
ⲻܡ
ǲһ˸β޺ǧֻ߸֮⣬ûܹġ
ҽʲôĻݰɣ
мĿǲһۣ˫ֻĽӡ
ʲôҲⲻܡ
ȻڽӡǲٴξǿĽӡȻ


389
ݡ𣡡
䣡
ڻ֮һֻǲһʩչĳǿݾڿĿݺݵĺǲ
ֻ֮ǲһʩչȫΪҪд۲Уڸ֮ȻҲܹʹˣ
ⲻܡ
ſʩչһҪǿٱĻݣǲĲţԸţеԽ˲䵴Ȼ޴棬ɫ԰
䣡
ĺǲڵλϣǲӰȴٴʧˣ
ٶȱˣ
΢΢һ£ſǲʱŷǲ˫Ѿдˣǻ̬дˣ
ȻڻûзӡʮβϾдۣ˵д۱ӵеģֻǺֻۣʮϵӦҲֻۣ֮˾Ŵβ֮ٴγֹҲȫѪվŴβ޵õģ
ǲдۣеһɻ󱻽⿪ˣ
ôģ
ǲſеԺмʧˣȡ֮ľǾ壬ʵôǿʵڳϡ
Ҿ͸ոյĵǲͿʵҪǿˣﻹҵԷɱģһСĵĻܾͻᱻɱˡ
ǲԲģҪԼȥһʱأ֪һߵʱҪˣҪΪǸʱȷ档
ӦĸΪʲôŶԣ
ϷһЦ
ʲô
ǲԣ
Ϊ㸸ҽ̵İ
һЦǲˢѰ֡

Ӧǲŭ𣬸ݵˣȻȿҪɱҪеŭ
ݡ֮
ŭһ֮ǲҲܿǲǱҪϾͶԿը
ݡ֮
ݡƣ
ݡ

ŭ֮µǲһһϺըȥÿ׵ԭʱѾôˡ
С裡
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ͣ
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ǲһѪһ߲ʵţпſԹ֮ɫдſ
ңҲµİ
޳ܵ˵
ôķϣǲһҲû취ȥˣ˵ɣʲôԸɵĻҾͰɺˣ
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ǲ̫һ㣿ǲԼû𰡣Щڨڨ뵽
Ȼǲȴûпеһ˿ϷʣĻϳٵļѿڣҰǧֵߡáþǰɱˣҲǧֵõ
ǲ˵˫۵ѾʼɢˣǼҪ֪Ĵ𰸣
Ǹӻûһɢ˵ģ
װεĵЦһ
ۣ
ĻǲʱѪӿһѪ˫һɴ˫ȥг˷ŭʣ޾裬ǵģ衣
ǰﻹ᲻֪ˢҲŹƸ˱ʬһǲβе֣
ǳסܺӵģ˶಻ֵð
ǲȥǲϧȴʱʱ̿͸¶ζ
ܹǲһĴʼ˸ܲ
ǲҪǴʱܹ˵ĻĻ˼ɻᱻһء
ʵոǸҪǿ԰ɵģǧһ崴ʼ˵ӣҲ֪˹ȥûУģȻǲ˵˾ͰǰԸˣ


390
ЦЦһоͿǲϸԼʹˣĻ϶ǧֵģʱ˳ǲԸˣ
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ûÿʧǲûм̳֮壬ҲĶӣڵϸصĻǿϺܶ࣬ڽһα֮ͰβϬȮͷ˳ñβϬȮԼΪ֮󣬿βϬȮ
֮۽׵֮ۡ
ſּǲϸȴͬķβҲū֮ˣ
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˿Ҳǲϸȡˣһ㶼ûʣ£ҪٴνȴֻѰӵ֮ϸˡ
ԸҲ˰
һЦʵԵĻ治ɱǧֵģϾľҶǧһ崴ģӲǲߣӲ벻ܻصʱӲ벻ܻصʦߡ
ԣοɱǧ֣ǧ̳˵֮ģ˵ñȴʧԶҲҪȴء
ĹĹ񰡣֮Уа᪣а¶ȣգӾȻȫˣ
׳Ĺ֮֮󣬾֪ԼЩͫνޱȣû뵽дӵеЩͫȻȫˣ
ռӱӵԲþѣûУ֪ɼֻβ޵Ļ᲻ѣ
̾ѣܿͰ꣬˵ǲǱҲЩҲʱ
ô࣬ҵǧ˵ѱȴȣβ޾ȷӡԲܸǲǱ߽׳ȫŹ֮۵ʮβ
ҡҡͷôҲûõģҪĻǸϽԼʵҲ׳
磬ôȻôЩ֮Ϊβ޵ĺСӾҪȡǵĵλˣ
һصɽУһֻӴžβ͵èӵаͷԴİ߿ʵ
èϰߵģ֮ǰͱβеľββϹˣˣԾè֪βԽԽҪа߲С
ߣè𣿿Ц
һЦͰѾèĻЦžèǺɫèõˣϣûпܣ
ҰߴͷβûаЩνβ޷Ӳèˡ
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֮µľèҲˣ͸ǵжԹϵӡҪ
ҲΪ֮ܵβ޵ҪЮҪϰߵģ񱻰һȻ˵ˡ
ǰ׳գȫҶǰ׳գ
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ѾȫѾںϳΪˣҾͲҲﵽ̶ֳȣӽҪβ͵Сèˣ
һ߹èҲһŭţ
꣬ȫҶǰ׳գ
һèĻƢҲǱ׵ȼľβɲǼ͸սһ顣
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䣡
Ǹ֪ɽֵֻ£һ¾Ȼըˣ˵ɽȱ˿һӾͱΪƽأ
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˿֮󣬰ߵİֻԴֱһžèȥ
棬ĭ׵磬УˮɳɳһԵڰߵĿбݺݵĺèе㼯һ飬һ֮ĦӿֲܵĿռȿʼݣ
԰ôǿĹèɫҲ˲û뵽˲֮ȻôǿˣѹָЩβޣ
֮ǰűβȼֻβϮ۷״̬Ҫ˰


391
391 ¼˺䣡
ԭڸ·ģͻȻ洫ÿͣӰ
ǱսôǿҪ찡ʲô˻βս𣿡
ɫصĲţս𶯿֪սе˫жôǿˣԿŻɫء
ǵǲҵβշˣ˵ԲǺϢ
ϣǲɣ
һӰͶǸȥǲ߻ʮβǱߵĻڻĲǶ֣Ϳ֪ʮβֻβˣǲ߱ͷӡֻҲֻ˰Լֻβްˣ
βһҲĻֻ
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ǰսеֵֻʱ򣬿ϷʮβǲˣֻֿȻûмһӿܲ³Է˭ˣ
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ȣèսڿɱΪԭͳĴ֣βǲͬģ
βǾͲῴǰĴּڣѾ˲ٵĴˣʣµǿľè߾βҪɱĴڣ
ͨһβغ׵ĽҲ֪ԭʷè߾ǱβϸƲɱģ
ԭΪβڲȫ˾è߲ᱻˣʧϣһֻ
ֵֻսѾè·ˣ˵ܿͻᱻ߸ɱ
è֮ǰβֻβϮϢҲռԶھèǰߵĶҲûие⣡
ˡβϸ˵Ҳ֣èҲ֣ҵ֮ܲͨأ
ԭת뿪ˣͻȻȴ뵽ֿܣ
Ӧÿ԰ɣ
˫ðĿֻսԼĲ뻹ǱкܴϿɵġ
Ӱ漴ȰɣʱһͰǶӡ㲻ɣȴһĻҲܰūҲֻǿְ
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ߣǴ˾ȻӣӲ˭
ȴǹЦš
Ƕô꣬ڱץסˣɱ֮󲻰Ըɸɾ
һ߿ЦţߵĹҲԽԽ񣬰ֻԴʮֻ۾ȫ¶ıŰ֮ɫ

԰ߵĿԹèҲŭˣ۾ѪҲҪŰߵ汳ɣ
䣡
˻һ֮󣬾èľβ;ȫһ飬޾ĺɫ棬ٵźߣ
꣡
èȫһ㼯ʣµвܵĿռʵİݿèβ͹ĵطЩռѿԳٶȺߣ

èƴһҲɵúȻһŭǰ۳һɲèӲƴֻҪס˾èĹľͻǶԷˣȲʤȯֻҪסèһˣ
䣡
춯صƷ𣬰ߵӴӰݺݵĵ˳ȥֻԴ滹³Ѫ
䣡ߵӰݺݵ ǱڵϣѵҳһɭȻ޿ӣ̳
ٿèߣʩչ˸ոƴһ֮󣬾èƾйһӴһڵϣвϵĴϢţĿⶥĿŰߵӰ
ԴĹ֮οЦˣûðߺùȻߵԴ»ָҲҪʱˣڼ䣬è϶߻ᱻβɱģ㹻ˣ
ȿȡԺ硭β޵ˡҲҪġǺǡ
èǱĴϢţȴ¶ЦĻǸпǴֵʱͽΪȥˡ
è˰ɡɶ񣬾ȻҵԴ
ߵӰŴԶصèǰŰĿݺݵĶžèðһеŭ
ˣòֻʣԴĴӣҲԶˡ
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392
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ߵΪ֮һֻԴ𾪵ĻͷĿԷʲôʱֵģȻһ֪ðʮ𺧡
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϶Ǹǿߣ
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һʱèпٵתԽʲô취ģ
һҪɱǵˣ
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һ˵ţһ߾ͻèӴ˹ȥ
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ģʱɱ㣡
žèкһ񣬿ɵһЦ˫ѸٵĽӡ
⣡
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ˣʣֻԴĴӣ
ŰЦһг˳߻ʣֻԴʵһЩβ޲ȥҲҪóһʵģ
ԴӸǲϴεս֮󣬿ͷԼԭľĵھܵĿѡõսˣϵǿԼĵ
Ĳ²ûдĻǲǱߵ֮ӦҲǸһʲôͫˣʱҲյģҶԷпûеƣǾǽݸľˣΨһܹóֵľǵˣȻҪԼĵøˡ
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ಣֻϧѾˣеĵնһڰӴйһֲĿӣѪӰߵ緢
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Ѿè߶ӡ֮󣬿ǹһЦεջʵǳϡ
ſ뿪ˣôĶ˵˹أʱûаոǲսԻǸϽ뿪ĺá
ڿߺ󲻾ãһֻβ͵ĹȻˣԷ˫ͫҲۣ֮
֣ôȫˣӦǾèͷɱĲŶԡ
ʮβ˫۲鿴ܣüͷ΢΢һ塣
ʵʮβѾʮɵˣǲߣʮǲ֮ͱǲ߸ɱˣ֮ǲֻβ޻ʱββţģ²ȫһ
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393
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ȵȡǡ
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ǲ߿Կ϶ھèߵսУҽĻʹõ϶ǿˣҲֻпӵʵ
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ǲһЩǼѪֻ֮۵ģβ޽֪֮۾ôˣ
϶ͨǰڵľβģܹһۣ֮ôҲп֪β޽֮۵ķģǲ߲òĿ֮Ҳ׵߼ˡ
Ͻҵֻβ޲УԲܱСˣ
ǲҲܿǲҲ֪β޽֮۵ˣ˵ҵβ˲ڽҪ飡
䣡
ǲ߾ͿԼѾ仯ʮβߵˣֻʱʮβǲߵ岢ûжӴ󣬻εӣֻʮβͣСҰԭеһβ޻ԴһѣûСɽһ
ɲ֪ߺǲ߹ȻˣʱĿҲŸϽռβޣоǾѰҵǧֵ䣬ıҪǧֵϸأ
ʱڿǲ˵ţȻûȷʵ֪˶ԷĴڣҲƴռβޣ
һµʱȥʣµֻβֻӡˣֻǲ߸ˣǲߵ֮Ҳ׵˹״̬ˡ
ģȻҲǧȥҪ군
ӡֻβޣȴһ㶼ûиΪ֪ǲҲֻβޣĻǲ߾ʹﵽ˹֮ˣȴֻĹ״̬
ڿµʱȫûҵǧֵټǸϵǧֳֹĵطʱǧѾʧˣÿǰգɱǧȡӵ֮ϸͲܽȴͲβޡ
ҲֱƹǧֱֵģϧµʱǧָӵأһϢûС
СϷҵˣ
ڿûҵǧָʱԶͻȻʹһ޴ЦһҰһЦ
ȻתͷžͿһʮβ͵Ӱ˹ٶޱȡ
ǲϲβ޽ʮβˣ
ʮβǲ߹жʱһǲ֮ɲ˭ܹؿӰϳ
䣡
һʮβǲߵӰǰɢſֲƣֻƶԿ첻вˣ
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ȻѡβޱһֻԼŪòΣ
䳰ȷȴڿٵ˼š
ǲߵӣ͸оԼƺǲߵĶ֣еİ˹ÿСֻǿɻһǲ߹ƾٶȹģûʩչʱԿûмߡ
ΪǲҪǻʱĻҲһܹߣҪǲ߻ʱĻô;ܹľҶͲһʱˣ˽һĿǰʮβǲߵʵҪ
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ʮβǲ߹һЦڿ䳰ȷȫϣ
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394
Ҳֻɺϰˣʮβǲ߲ûѰҿɱ뷨βûˣȥĴһ£ܲܽ׳Źȫ֮ء
ȻϿǾһҪսˣԼǿĶ֣Ҫֻ֪۾ǰ˹ۣ֮ҲҲһֻ۾ѡ
ɣϻˣ
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˲СŶΣ
һûֵ˼iǿľ˲ʩչݺݵĶʮβǲ߱նϣ
ڣ
۴âҫ˲ʮβǲߵǰ
ݡǾǾ֮
ǲҲǳصģڿһʱʩչŪһǽԼǰˣ
䣡
ǲǰĽǽը죬ǽĵ͸ն˾ſ
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ˣǲ߻˽ӳţֻñٶܣʱܣȻĻ϶ᱻĹвɡ
׷ɱ
ǲߵĹûѡܣĹ֮չ˳Լٶȴﵽĳ̶ȣһ¾Ͱľǿ׷ʩչ˳ڿʩչѾҪļӳˣʹﵽϴθǲսʱЧˣ
ǲ߾Ȼóβ޲ŻʹõĹʽβģ֮ǰſ˾èߵսǲߵսʽèƣֻһβͰˡ
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Կĺǲ߸Ӿֱһն˳ĺ𶼱ȼԭĻճ˺ɫ棬أ

һͰջ˻ȥջɲǿЦİ
ʩչ֮󣬿ӰѾԶ˳ȥˣΪǲҲҪʩչǿ˫ˣʹᱻøء

ȻǲŹĻᣬǰصջһӾͱ۾ˣͬʱҲʩչ
䣡
ɿǿĵڿײǲߵӰٴκݺݵı׷ɳȥ
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ñȽصĿ̲סƺһͱˣܵÿ죬Ҳûôֻ˱ǲһѣ˶ѣҲޡ
аڵĲҪˣ쳣û
аԿЦһǲһսĲ֮ͱ¶ˣĵĲ̫ˡ
֮ǰܹŰЩβΪܹ֮ʩչȥɢڿеĲǲߵ۾ȫһӵһĴų˶ûаǷݻʩչȥɢڿеĲ
ԿŻôѸٵľ͸оڵĲˡ
ֻˣǲϲӲкܶ࣬Ҹƴ𰡣
οЦǲϵĲоոֻ֮һҰˣԶԶ
붼֪ΪǲɵβޱȽ϶࣬Ҳǳβޱ仯ڵĲȻӶˣ˵ǲڵ쳣Ѿء
ǿʮβҵˣ
ڿ׼ߵʱıͻȻһÿв첻ѣ˭ȻֱӶǲߣ
꣬ⲻǳ𣿡
˵Ӱ֮󣬿ֺİһ˳øľҶĳӰʮֵ󣬿˵ȫһģһˣȻ򴫳Ⱑ
ǧ˰ɣ
ȻʣȴǷǳ϶һǧˡ
ÿò̾һǵȫѹ򰡣ҵǧˣ
ֻܲܲҪʱ
ûлϲǲҲ˳ɱǧռϵϸ
ֵܣȻܹʮβս£Ŀ˰ɣһֻʮβ͵βްɣ
ǧǰ֮󣬾ЦĶſһӡ


395
һ㶣ǱʶһֱҪɱǧֵģԲǧָͲ֪һ㣬Ҳ֪ɱ ǲͱ˵ǧָûгȫɿɱǲߵģ
ð
֮󣬿æһЦ
ǽͰʮβ˰ɣ
ǧּͬҲǹһЦ˷ܵĿǲߣͬ˶Ƶģ

ǲ߲ɷŭȫβ޵۹ǳˬرǧֵĿ⣬Ǿһ
࣬ǧôһвŭĵοǰǧֻǲһһĳУΪҲãҲҪɱǧֲɣ
ǲôױŭҲԿǲȷʵβǵаʶӰ첻ˣֻǲߵǲߣƿԼǲ֪ﵽŹ֮۽׳ȫʮβʱǲ߻ܲƿԼȫռƿԼȻǲܵ 
䣡
ǲڱŭ֮󣬾Ͷſǧչ˹ǿĹſ˺ɨϣ
ľݡľ֮
ǲߵĹǧһӾʩչһǳǿľһľзצĹǲߣ
׶ݡǧɾ
ǧһӾʩչôɵǧֵľһ׵ľϣ
֮ǰ޷һģڽ׵Ĺ֮֮󣬿ͷԼܹʩչܶˣ׵ľҲ׾ٵġ
䣡
ǿľǲߵĹײһ飬ʱضҡޱߵ󺣳ϫһ
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ǧ֣ǻǸϽ뿪ɣʱǲĶ֣
һսߣһ߶ǧ˵ʱܹܣȴҲǧǧֿȫ̳֮ʰ
ȿȡã
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ߣŶûУ
ǲǧֵĶԻһЦӿ
һߣ
ǧִһ˫ֿٵţͻȻͬʱʩչ˾ľƿֲ˼㰡
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ǧֵӰˣҲ뿪ͬʱȵĿһǧֵʵҲ̫ǿ˰ɣľǳǿǲȫˡ
ߣҵ֧Ų˶೤ʱģ
һ߱ˣƺҲ֪ɻǧһ߽͵
ŻȻԭͽ
䡢
Ȼû߳ԶǾľȫѶϿˣ׷ױʮβǲ߸ˡ
죬ߣ
ߵһʱǧЩĶһžһһǳƯŮ˾߳ˣŸǧֻпˡ
ɣ
֮Ҳ֪ǲҪˣԷ˵еˮҲǳӳ÷ǳƣұˮӵ޶ˣͶʮҵӡҲһɸ߹ʡ
ǧָˮһ˵ʲôأ
п񺹣ע˹ϵƵġ
ǧ֣Ӧô죿ʮβ׷ˣ
ʱˣɫЩţȻʮβǿסˣû뵽ǧָϻʮβĶ֡
ȥеģ϶ᱻ׷ϵģ
ǧֻͷһۣҲǾĿ⿴˲ᣬȷʵȻͣӰ
סʮβߣİȫͽˣ
ǧֲȴҲᶨĶſ˵Ļͻʮβˣϰãûжʵԡ

һæͬ⣺УҪһ
˸Եó
飡
ǧĿһۣȴͻȻһֵ˹ȥȻС
ǧֵΪɴֽӹ֮ͬʱ˵ǧҲȥģһʱǵҵռɣ
ಣ˵꿨ǧֵͰռȥˡ
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ţ㲻Ҫ
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396
ǲߣˣ´δսˣ
ڰǧָռ֮󣬾תųǲ߹һЦ漴ٵӲˣ
ǲ߸Ҫý˿ʱѾûлˣĿռۼѾȫʧˣ
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һǲ߲еŭƽϢӶʼ˼һЩϵ
Ҳβ޽ۣ֮ҲﵽĹ״̬Ϊʲôȴһ仯ûУ
ǲߺܺһ㣬ΪĽǶԵģ漴ϾͱԼˣҲܳϡ
ǲҲ벻ͨһ㣬漴ǲ߾Ͳˣֻ֪һ㣬ǾǿȻβ޽ۣ֮ȴûôҲ˵пǿĽˣŻôࡣΪʱĻͱɱˡ
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뿪֮󣬲ûнռȣڰţԭǴȥɱǧֵģǸո˲һתͷͰ˼ɱˣܸоЩ̫޳һ
ҪǧûгֵĻҲȥɱģǱģΪ˱ǿ
ǧֵĳ˵ҲûаﵽʲôֻҲ˾ܵˣ
ܵĻǧָڸǧָȥǲսģɱǿ϶ģҲ˶ԾɱǧҲҪʲôúεģһȳأ
૳ܿĿᶨʵҲ֪ԼڸԼҽڣҲΪ˸ӼᶨԼɱǧֵľģοǴӦǲġ
ôķϣɱ֮Ұúչˣ
뵽޵ӣľ͸ӼˣǧһҪɱȻͲܽӴȴȻͲܴǲߣȻͲܻصʱȻ͡
֮󣬿ͽ뵽ռˣûǧֵǰֱռԼһ͵Ϯǧָɱˣһߣûзǧֱɱˡ

ǧֵʬ壬˿Լˣ
ſǧֵϸʼӴȴˣȻʼ˶Ծè߻ֻʱץβ޽ɣ
Щ˿ϣֻβ֮еĹǽ׵״̬ˣǵè֮ȴһ񣬶ֱӽ׵˹״̬ˣȫǲ߳ƽˡ
󿨿ԼѰҲɵʱ򣬻᲻ͱʮأǾͿ϶ǳԽŹĴ˰
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ʱͨʱմ󣬿һİܹصԭڵʱˡ
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·оûеܿ;˹Լַʱ򣬶ʱŭ
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Ų̧ͷ˫ַ˫ϣаȵЦ
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Ȼ˵ĻɵɴĿǰ˾Ȼܹ޳ֵܵزǧҪչûôչأ

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һţһҲϵ·ҲǹˣôҲûá

һ֮Ĳҽ쳹ǿռˣεʹ΢΢ɷ
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δǲ˵һ䣬Ѫ
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֮µŭһͶǲ߳ȥҲʹֻ۵һͫˣѾֻ۵ʧȥˣ

ŭǲҲǱŭȻΪ󣬺ôòã
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ڵϣ
ǲߵ˲棬ӴצӺݺݵĲȥ
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ͷѪһ쳹

޴ʹҽǿ֮޸š
ǲ߿ǿĻָͻȻһ˿⣬彩ֱǿβ޵Ĵڣܹβ޽ףܹܲأ
ǲһӾͱԼķ뷨̼ļԽԽǾÿУ
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ǲ߾ϿΪʵ¶ռˣǿ֮壬ǲƻָֻûֱָǲ߸ݲţֱǲҲ̶ã

ǲҽӱǲ߹ݲпʼûֹͣҽУڵҪֱȥΪʲôҪʩչ¶أˣȵȥеʹҪһԵļӳڱ桭
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һЦ쳹ӰԶϵӶһӾͳǲߵǰվǰ棡

ǰ棬ǲߵɫһӾͱޱѿû뵽ʱͻȻ֣
ٿе֮ʱǲ߸˫ͫ΢΢һŹ񣬾Ȼô̵ʱý׵Źˣ
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㡭
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401 սʼϵԽԽŨ񱩵ϯ
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ԿƱǲҲҴϵҲʼ񱩵ıŰаϢһϯ˵ƽ£յɫ˸ı䣬һʱܲնɫãţ
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~˵ܲȥɲǼͺˣеɽʯľȫ˲仯˷ĩһԲ֮ڶƽף˿ǲ֮⣬Ҳûˣ
ԣӰ棬ֻ˹ȥڵ֮У
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䣡
ռϷ磬ƿսĽ࣬ҲļһеĴʱյĵնϵĻնȥǲֻܱѵĲϻſĹ
һֱսһСʱʱ䣬Ҳûгһˣɫ黹һʼд⣬ǲߵɫȴǲ԰ţȻʮβҰһҲܿǲ԰
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ʹ֮µʮβǲ߲ɵ˻һæӶʣµľβݺݵɨȥ

ֻϧʱѾˣԶҲûʱֱٶȵģɲǲ߽ݵĴڣ
䣡ǲߵĹֻܺڵ֮ϣѴغһҲ˶ѣһҲûܶԿ˺
սڣ˫˳ִˣҲǲߵ˼άԣǲΪһֱʩչն
ʵǲ߲ûзһ㣬ֻǿһ͹һСʱʱ䣬ҲǴһʼϵķľˣ˼άǷ˿ı䶯ϧȴûܸϻչǰ
ɶ񣡡
ǲҧŭһʧȥһβͣʵȻûʮ֮һҲǲˡ
ǲߵĲɵýͲǿĶ֣ˣѾڿô뿪ˡ·һǾŹŰ˹񣬶֮ǰ˲٣ʵͲԵȰ
ÿ𣿡
ǲߵǰһ۾ͿǲߵĴˣ
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ǲвɱ֣֮ǰսÿζռϷ ģϧȴÿһζܰѿնɱˣΪӵʱ
أֵ·һˣʵ翨ˣȴܶܣƽԵģԵĲƽ
𡭡
ҾͲɱ㡭
ǲ߲ŭһϢٴαǣ֮µҪƴˣעһˣɱɱƴҲҪÿ˲зϲɣ
䣡ɲǼǲľβ;ٴϯһŨҵĽݼӳ棡
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Ҳɽʮβǲ߱øǿˣǶ
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һѣڿʮβǲߵĽʧܵģȻͲӽΪˣ
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ʮβǲд󼱻֣̿ݵʧˣʱҲûоѣľݵأʮβǲͻȻ־ԼľݵҲʧȥˣ

ʮβǲϾǲҰ֮ɫŭѣ׵ĵô£ΪʲôϵѪ޽ȫʧˣ
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ʮβǲ߲ʵŭһԿĹԼȻ޷ˣûȫʱ޷ˡ

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ҾҲˣǿǲߵǿﰡԭǾͷǳĵģǿǲκһʤ˶ܹģǺ̽ӵȫ˱˵ǿߣ
ֽٺòˣľҶʧȥ˿ǾͲҪôˣ
ʱĲţͬĵѾʧÿ̴֮ڲìֿʼˣʱŽɢĿܡ
Ͼ˵ĻľҶΪǿˣ̴嶼ÿľҶ£ɲ̴ܹܵģ
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Դ֮ͬǵķǳˣʱˡ
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ɣ
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ҲŮϣģȻĻǲֻ֪ŵʲô̶ˣ
ŮԼҲǵˣ֮ǰĵʲôĻ˵ػס¥ųǣ׹ĵرҪײĻŮҲǸˣ
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žͶŸ߿еĵرǲϵʩչնһڵر棬ȻûдﵽЧȴҲһã

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ϴǿУоԼƺ綼ƿأſеĵرǣڳһ˿΢Цһ˿мչ¶
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ЩನͲȥˣ򲻻ᱻرǻˣЩʣµನ鿨Ҳ⣡
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ڵرʧ֮ЩನҲϯ¥ųڵĵطķɳƺҪǵ¥ųǸûһ
ŮòײסЩ񱩵ķɳֱڣЩ񱩵ķɳȥˣŮƣĳȥ֮󣬲ŷ¥ųòѾûһ׶ߣ
Ҳ֪˭ǿҲˣøлһУҪ˵Ļ¥ųǾˣ
Ůµؿڣһأ
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˵ֻǼͳڵĵطˣͷ·ҫż֮ɫ
ҶʱռƿأֻҪˢʱմ;ܹصʱյģ
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ͳ˱УͲҪ׵ˣֱһӣһնͿٵĴӿк͵е·ݺݵĺնȥ
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ٸһλᣬƽȻ
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Ůû뵽ᷢ飬оһһȣʱɫˢһͨǹŮ˲䵴Ȼ޴ˡ
ɲŮľУ˫ѾȻŮǶ԰ͦѩˣ.̲꣬סİָеû˵ġ
쵰ſ
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410
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ڰ׾ɰ֮ЫԸ뵽εĹľҶУΪľҶ
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411
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412
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˵꿨ҲľҰػĻᣬͬһӶе Уһնƿնն˴ľҰ
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413
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ЩһֱСϽдͲǣʼˣղأʻ߸ͣǲҪЩʾǵأСǵķأ顶ϣһ֧СлϹ
      





