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աաաա

ѧ¥ﴫһ߸ЬȻذԽԽ
ҵҲԽԽ죬ôƵĽŲ̫Ϥˡ

Ƭ̺һɫְװȹĴŮ߽˰칫ңһž
¶ĹںڵĳԺϸĵۣڹ̣Ҷü
εıɳɫĺ촽⣬ųŮ˶еԸ


İ֣¶ɫ
£֫ϸǰԲɫֱͲȹɫ˿࣬ɫϸͷ߸
Ьβ̣ͦ˫ȳ޳ְŮԵ֪

֣ƣǡҵĸϡˡ

˪ֱ֮ӳ˹û˵˦еİ
ͷĳ˹ҡæͷܣָ񵲣θϽ
ĸм䣬ȰС裬С裬

Խεļʹðҵͷ۵ǲۣѽ

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һСʱڳ˫ỵ̂ϸָһһµû
ţû˵ѹֵգҸˡ

ǿ˰죬ڱﲻסˣûһϴɣ
ͦģϵζһš

û˵бؿңޱ顣һЦͷ˵裬Ҵˣ
ˡ

æϣûҴˣĴˣҵͲ
ðҾ͸ҧҧˡ

ƤЦ˵ҲܴҸҽ㣬Ҿͱˡ

üͷһʲô߰ġ㣬½СѾͷ
㴢ʲôأ

ԴСֹûûɶ׽ԲأҸǡ
һˡ

СϹſھѽǶϸˣ׽Բأ
ôôأ

Ųš˾䡣

ʲô

ǣڲиǰʱ㻹ȥ˹


ƨĹš

ô˵Ҳһžô˵ôûء

һʣûӳ㣬Ҿ͹кˡ賤̾һڣ
ͷƣ˵˵ôһʲôˡ

һᣬͷĸ첲ϣƤЦĳֻã
ĺͶĻӴ˱ɳ񡣡

ͷϺݺݵһ£ĿңҲ
˰죬һЦ˳
һ쵽ûУʲôС

ôûˣء㿴Ůʧ⣬ٴ
궼ҲǸ¥壬ʮˣءھ
ʼ˵бҵ˾ͽˣѧûҵ㶼ˡ㿴
ʮ̣֮ܵˡЩСãĽ
Ľ

ҵءҡͷԽ˵Խֲˣ˵
ݽ𣬸Сͷ̫̫һ㳡ˡ

ҾſаʱקҰ֣Ϳһ¼Ƕһ
š󣬹㳡Ͽ˹߸һ𻭸
ߣһʺ硣߸һ𻭲ʺ磬ұߣٻһ߳
һ趯ֱۡ

бҰ죬ֹһ䣺ðˡ

֣ҷ·߲ԣʵⲻǻؼҵ·
Ķȥ

챱ѧУż٣ؼҡ

ýӣôˣԼؼҰ

Ťͷһۣ㶼ˣѧУмҳأ㻹˵
ˡ

ǼĳӣҪ̳мҵģҪעӵȫѪ
ɢˡ

輱ˣҪٸߴߴ˵û꣬Ҿ³Լؼȥ

ҸϽ죬ͷŤһԡĬ˰죬̲סеĺ棬عͷ
Сʵ裬ôѽôƽѽ

ô㣬ǲ

Ҳǣ͡е档㿴ƽԷһС
ƤǲСǷǲСƨת

üһСǷǲҸ˵ء˾˾
һ¶㻹鷳ҹ̫ǲ

ɶ£˵ѽ˵һܿǽ
ء

죬˵Ǹİ

㿴㿴һ˵ͼ֪ĻΪǰء

輱ͰȣǰĳΪ·ŭ֢أŵøϽ
ԱŲ

費˵ˣһ̲סʵ˵ʵ½
ûǸ

ĸ

ٸװ⣬㴲²صЩ־ΪҲ֪

ûУһǸءǳ˳Ŀ
ЩŮ

ղ˵ʲô˵ҾͿ쵱ˣ

ǲǸЦأôԸеĴ椣ôᵱء

ٸˣƶ졣ҾѽҪǸҸŪһҾ͸Ұ
ˡ

ϣĶֲܰСȫʩ÷ǳá
ðαӲƷҪȻԲġ

һŤͷҡʶ˵ˣ˼ͣ
Ͳ˰һ

ʲôˣԼòõò˵ûꡣ

УҲ˵ˣҵưͣ˰ɡ

ʹ˽⣬ϧ費ϵץסҵʹţ׷ʵ
ղʲô˼ǲǸ½ʲôˣ

죬Ťһԣ˵

ץסҵļʹҡΣ˵˵װư͡

ָǰ棺··㿪ءؽͨ򣬵Ȼ
㿪ˡ

Ұѻ˵ʲô˼ǲǸ½ʲôˣ

ǣ˰ɡҼˣֱ˵ʲôҸ
ϸ̰

һӱסˣ˺ð죬ֶ̧Դһƣŭ
㻹ǲΪǲ㣬Ҫ߿ˡ㲻
˼ŵѧϰȥһ쵽ⷽĥѧϰܺõ˲

ѧϰأһֱǰ༶ǰʮ

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ʹ˵ÿ˵Ͷִˡǳİ
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裬ҾͰȨˣҾ͵۹ˣôšʲôʱҺ
ˣҲܶҰȨ塣Ƴһۣҷ˸ۣ˵
ǲµ㻨Ǯûˡ

ҸϽͷЦȻתƻ⣺~ Ҹշ֣
ǲǡǲǡϴˡҲµĶԲԣ˵Բ԰ɣ

ϻ˭ϴ

ϴģƽʱһϴģ϶ر档ױ
ܱ£ţ͵͸ݻĴǲҪʲôˣԼ᣿

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𲻺˼ΪӣǺܿģԼҳġ

~ ͷ㡭һ£ԣٸתƻ
⣬¶û˵ء

Ҽ쵽ѧУˣЦ˵쵽˿쵽ˣ¶ٶˣ
ϳˣСˣӰ첻á

㻹֪Ӱ첻ãҾûƤôˡ轫ͣ·
ߣڳϣַŶͷ̾˿

Ц˵Ƥܳ٣Ƥܻ

ЦãƶģμӵȥɡƤӲͣɴȥ̨
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ҺٺЦ˵Ҫȥ£̨һվ
ظһĴָ˵ҡ

ЦںƤⷽ棬ǹҵġ

бڳϣ۽ĵشһۣ˵ģ
ʵмŮԣȻѾʮıֵĺܺã
̬飬۴ʲô·زܳŵԲģڼﴩż
ӷʱԡ

ǵ͵ķΪԵʣŮһ
òһݡβԲͦԸУ
УͲȹ棬һ֭Ĵңȴӷ׵ĸ


ΪԵʣװ˿߸ĺԸСȻ
ϸУȴһ˿ħҾ͵˿ŮѴȻ
ڴһH. ֵǣôʲôɫ͵˿࣬
ûдϵָо

Ȼ͵裬ûĸ񱣬ֻһ˵ĳ嶯Լ
Ŀ׷ѡ͵͵ù˿ڼϴǹҲ
˶ѣûҪô

裬Ǿ̫ˡҲġ

Һ˼֮ʱôѧУˣͬѧֵ󣬴򿪳ţ
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ͨӾһۣ̳ŵ㣬һŰ׾Ĺ
Ƥβ裬پ£Ƥϸ壬ȫҲഺӡǡ
ϸͬŮҪ߳ͷزѾʼˣСƨҲԲ
ġ

Сʮ꣬˽ѧУһѧϰɼҲΪ
ǵֻ꣬ûеӰС˵మǵ
Լıơ

źӾЦ˵ϣ߷ѧ

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񾭲˵ǻˣмҳ

輱ˣصǣ˵ǲǣٺţ϶
Է

С˵νҼʡ

ټʾͷ

ܷ߸ãʡ쿴~ ~ 

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ʹһ³ѣǵұ죬İһ
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ҸϽӲ磺֤ȷʵ

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ճȭͷ΢΢ĲšŤͷãԹ㣬
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Ǽһѿӡ

ϷĶѿˣҼ̳˰˵
ҳѿƲ˭ѽ

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׸ѽҽԺﱧ˰ɡŤͷקק·裬
ǲҽԺﱧˣǲǰǲǰ

ûûûУ費ͷ˵ֳһģһ
Ҹģ˭ģİ

ҽӲѵ㿴㿴ġϣТ˳ĹŮ

Ц̾Ϣ˵үǣܲܰ㡣һ
ģϰ͹ˣһź˵ʲôɣ

ϣһڣЦ˵ϡ

ҸϽҲȥһڣƤЦ˵裬Ҳϡ

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轫ҵƵһߣ˵УǰǣҲǡ
ҪܰһҾ͸ˡ

ΪСûؼˣȥһٴͣؼҲ
ϰһڼң˸ˡϴ齫Լ
˳Է¶ˣ绰Ҳû

ҵֻûˣѱʼǱҲûˣղصҲȫ
ȥˣ˵רѧϰ߿֮ٻҡװޣ¹򣬱
˿ȣϧƨûУʯĳΪ

ҹֻܿѧϰʱˡ

ΪĩԵʣڶ˯ֻ֮úϰڳ


ʵأ

ְֻһ߳һ߿ϢûóҲûһۣ
˵˾䣺Ͻ˸绰Ҵҵˡ

˰һ˵һζءһ˵һץ


üһĿңܲܽ㣬ˢٳԷ

˯£˼£˵ˢǸã

ϸȫԽˣˡöһߣԶԶġ

ʱϰֵֻˣһʾ̧ͷ˿
ȥˡöҷƬ̣С˵ûоţϰ
ġ

ϰһģСʱΪһǸعء
ں˵

û㿪Ц˵ġõҡ

̧ͷʲô˼

Ҳ֪ء

Ķ֪ġҺȻʲôЦŶ˵ã
ֻһ¡

衣ùϻؾ

һ£Ҿʹһ绰ñҷϣ˫ֺʮ


ϰֵֻ

ϰֽݰҲھãһ£ʹһ绰
㡣һ˵һȥãϧһȲ

׷ȥæɳϣ˫ֻ
ҹȥȥ̧ңһᣬɳϣ˳ѹ
ȥֳƨȥֻĸˡ

ǾôĲһΪո𴲵ԵʣǶŵ
˯£Ųϣϡܸоഺ¶ȣĶǻ
Ůζ

ֵʱϰֳˣһʵʲôأ

쳤˲ӣϰ־ˣå~ 

̧ͷ˵ҽֻ衣

ϰüѵ⣺ˣ֪֪ŮбһҲ
ӡ

ȻͬʱǣסõС֣˳ֽק
һ·Ŭ죺һҲӡ˵ţֻ˹
ȥҽӹתȥ

Ҹ½ȥһ绰ԼѧϰʵȻҪ
û顣

˴ϣһ죬ĺܡ

                             

                             .



ϰֽ˵绰֮緹ûʹҴææĳȥˣҲ֪æ
Щʲô

ҵֻͱʼǱûˣֻɳһ߿һߵ½
ɳһֻ࣬ϣ۵СѾһһ
εģ⡣

ĥŵȻ½ˣһ£뽫ƭȥ

Ǹߡ

񾭲

ǰŤ˽ţ·һȳһյģǶʱҸտ˻Ʒɺ裬͸
˸ߵšһʼͦŵģģҽҵģ
Ҳû취Ȼˣһ񾭲š

̹׵˵ҾŻеϲоͦҵʡ

ò׷ż죬ôͬѧȥ氡

Һò׷ż죬ԲҪڼ

ȥɡ

~ ~ ֻų˵

߬סԲɰĴָҡţȥ
¡

ץŽֺҡΣҲûֻǲͷ˵㷳ˣһֱ
ҳȥ

ҵȻҪϰΣҪдҵˡҼҡš

дģʲô¶ų˻

ڼңѧϰ

~ еŷѽܸѧϰ

Ҫ̫ˣһ뵽ڼҾķҵģû˼ѧϰˡ

߶ȥһš

תһԣСߺֱĴʫһֻߣ⣬
ڼﲻߣ˼

ҲСѾһֻһߺ߳һ񾭲Դ
ͦӲÿ찤ƣʱ롣

ҸҪػ죬߹ȥţֻ½Цվ⡣

ĺУɫףɫŷֿ㣬ɫ˶Ь
бһ黨裬ԲСϻ˵ױ
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г̽ձļ󡣶ıӰеǰҼҵʱҾ
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ء

½ĸ״ǽʮˣСǼ棬
Ҳ÷ˣҲ졣

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šõͷȻ죬һίĸ״Һò׷
٣һҳȥҲ֪ʲôġ

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~ 

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Ҳͷ˵ѽʲôĵģһ˵꣬§
ļҵߡ½˳ü˵żæ
ġ

ҽƵźϷţȻ֣ЦĿƺ
ǲµҵ˼Сһ죬Ҿ֪ûģ˵ʲôһѧ
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һµ޳ѩײʵʲôˣ


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Դһί˵Һʵѽ㿴ҵֶû㡣
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½ˣ˵ȡ衻ġ

ɱƾװʲôʱˣ

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Կأ͸һŻƵģ̵ϸߣӲ
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̡Դһһ߸⣬ֲʵ
ϣ·Ůϸ뵯ԣԺŽǹ
·ӵͷ׮Ļ档

½Ҳûֹң͸ʲô¶Ҳûһҽ⡣
һҾŲ񫣬»·°ڴ˽ȥֻů
ģһƬỬסһѡ

ϧһûüܣͶû˵ñʼһֻһ
̣۵ġϡһϽִ·˳

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ôŤ޷ҵϾǵһĿˣҲᳵ·
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½Ѿ쵽Ӻȥˣҧ´ᴭϢţ֪
ͽͣѾˡ

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һͦ缷һ֬⣬ֱӶѨ׻Ĵˬ˲ϯȫ

~ 

½һͦ﷢һԡ˲ϧ
ͦ˿ͳ飬δεףӹҲһͨࡣ

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ļͻЩŵģÿνȥܰСѨŵģ¾
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ڿֻʵȸ˫û취ֵ̫۷еĸĽѨ
ˬʢ͵˼㡣

㡭š㡭𡭡ѽ

½ѩ׵ļѾȾ˷ۺɫҵĳǰʶ
ţߺǳ֮ڶ

վ缢ƿʵķHŪţִ°ڴ˽ȥ
˳Ź⻬߲סΣֱǰ⴦СĵĲ϶ܸо
ӣ˰ͷѾ̲ͦסһ󣬻һ߽


½ǰζΪԭ򣬽Ÿأϸ
˫ֽץԵϢ֮಻
Ҫ·ȥȴֲԸͣ壬ɴôСĺ
Ůɬظֹͦ

̫ʱûˣHŪһ֮󣬾Ȼ⡣æ
ͣס񣬳ŻὫѵúŪǰ
⡣

ȡˡ½Ƭ̴Ϣ֮żأ΢΢š

Ƶǹ񫣬ĲǺܷ㣬ϵ£ͦӰ
ӵġ§Сϸ򴲱ƶԾɲѨУÿһ
ظоѨļѹࡣ

ҽڴϣ˶Ьץֻŵɫ
СѾСɿɰĽһڣ΢ĺζ
Ĵ̼ɵòһ

̬½ߺ죬Ѿ˳

ҪȥӣľѳۣҲҪˣ½
ְҸ첲һߣԼͬڿһ
ĿתĶǹ壬־˼ץ𱡱ϣֻ
¶СԴߴҡ

Ķܵݴ̼˱ѣһϸȿڼϣͦ
ǰ壬죬ٴνͽСѨ

~ 

½ͦ𣬺﷢һ§ϸȷ
壬Hǰζ˫ֺץޱ

㡭㡭šеۡ

ˮô໹ۣⶼˮɽˡ

½ߺֹԾɲץֱߵıҶ˹
ŭüͷһȵ󵨵󸾣Ϯ١ź򣡡

˵գҼӴ˳δεףͷƵײŽ۵ӹ
ģɲǼ䣬ˮĽžž֮ڶ

~ ѽôʲô


½͵Ů𿴳ͦߣѨȴΪǳխƽʱ嵽
Ҫһ⣬ͣȫ˽ȥĦò
졣

HŪ˼ʮ£½Ȼʲôͷ˵ȡһ
ͣѽͣ¡

ͣǲͣģһHһʣʲô

㡭ˡǸš

ղ̫Ｑ˴ˡͬʱľڶ߻죬
ĸζһڼϣĶһӵġ

´Σ´һ

ѽСǡԼõġ

½ҪҸɴཫһϸҲڼͷ
³ѹؿϣͦΣһͨH.

㡭ѽҪ

ٶ˫ץסҵĸ첲Ѩƴѹ
ҸоҪˣҲͣͦ£ͻѨΣ½ͷ
һһץҵһ߬סͷԵ

ţһ𤻬ҺԻӿѨǻֻŹͷ̣׵
һ飬һͦͷģһɹŨ׾Һӿˬ졣

Ƭ̣һбѨ˴ϣڴڵĴŴ
½ӲãС΢ţͣ΢΢ţ˽
ӲŽƽϢȻȥ

Ҳģ׷ȥ䣬ԡСϴ塣
ȻЩھΣ߹ȥ˵ҪҰæ

½ת׼ˮ̲סЦ˳˵
ȰԼϴɾ˰ɡ

һϴһϴ

굽ԡļһ½һ£
ȥҸæס˵֣֣Сˤˡ۰


˵ʱ½ҵһˮһ
ǻڣǱ˸ղŵĳ

֣Цò׽ԧԡ½ӣŽż
ܻңҸں棬Сƨɣ

֮Ҽ˱Ҳƿ˽ȥ˳ƽ§
˸ϴ裬⣬оģһζҰ
ȴϣͷ۵֮ϣסӣ˰ķͷ
˱

½ҸĸֱЦҵԴѽֲ衣

ôһ˵ͻȻʲô´Ҫ
һͬ½ԣѽ

ק

û·˫ֳűӣҪסԼ塣

ѽǴȥ·

½ǲµʲôˣü˵㡭Ҵ
·ѽ

ʣ֪ˡ

Ȼ˻ô죬ඪѽ½ϾͷʹҪ
קɴץסűԵϳȥ

ʵû취ˣţȻܵĸ³
˼·ᳵ·룬ں˿˿֮ԥ
죬ѡ˺˿һ˫ɫ߸Ь߶߶Ļصҡ

ҲҴ·ѽ½죬˱Ť

㡭ʹһ㴩·ƯҾϲ㴩˿ӡ
Ȱš

ҪȥˣȻҪǻˣһˡ½
ߣԼ·׼ϣߣϸȣί
͵İʹһҵŮ񡣡

~ ѽ~ ᣡ㡭㲻ǰɣ½üͷ壬
һɻĿҡ

˵ʲôأ裬ܶ˼𣿡̹˵
ÿֲǸ̬ҡҾ;ţ·ͦÿģ֡
ֹҽ㴩һ£ģȻ󡭡Ȼ
󡭡Ȼġ

½Ϲüεˣزˣ˵
Ҵ·ȻǸǸ̬

ôǱ̬أҡɣȥң·ô
ѽ~ һû˵꣬ԴϾͰһȭ

Ȼ½ٰ㲻Ըβĺƭ֮£ջǲ鲻Ըͬ
ˡȴϰɫ£ȻڴߣϺɫ࣬˺ɫֱͲȹ
Լɫ󽫺˿СŲȽ˺ɫͷ߸Ь

Ȼһֱ˵ŲҪ·֮Եúܿģǰת
һȦЦ˵ôÿ𣿡

½ĸЩ·Ųʲã
ɫ˿࣬ȱֳϸϺ˿ϸ߸֮β
߸˳Եõ޳ԸС

Ψһвǣز󣬳ŲƨȱУ˵
ûķУϾǸСŮЩ˶еζ

ʤޣͷ˵źÿȻڵϣסĺ˿
ȣظֹֻ쬵ĸоֱҪ̫ˬ

衣½Ц˵

衣Һԥĺ

ӹԡ

ĸҵͷĺɫȡ֪ôģҵ
ﲢûгĸ׵Ӱ뵽½衣ٶ
ʵ̲סˣƷ˴ϣȷֿϣֱͲ
ȹڣź˿࣬ŰԴ쵽Ĳֻ
͹Ƶģ

~ ½ˣװȴЦ

Ȼֵϣһףһţ̲סˣ裬
кãöHһ°ɡ

еģĲеġ

裬Hһ°ɡ

ڻ˵ڵͬһʱ䣬űƿŵһ飬̧ͷȥֻ
һͬǳɫְͲȹɫ˿߸ЬĴŮվڷ⣬һ
ץű̴΢ţĿԲһ㵵ǡ



                             1.3



ϵıӾ㵽ر˷ŭ

ҵͷƤһ飬ëˣ߶µ˵衭裬
ôˣ

Ϸ·һ㺮˪΢ŭĵ
ң·һ㡣

½ʹѹԴҵ£̧ͷһ仰Ҳû˵
ôƬ֮󣬡ۡһŹϡ

½͵ؽʹңһһߴſǻ
㣬㣬Ǻˣ

ҼķˣҲҶ˵ʲôйҪҲû뵽
ô磬͸ղһ£ŵò

½й֮æҵ·ŻŵĻԼ
·һ԰οû¶û¶ҪؼҵģùĿ
Ұ

һۣʲôû¶Ժôѽˣ
ˡ㻹˵ˣһ˵ô죿

ҽַļϣģģ¶Բ
˵ģ˿ڰ

𿪣Ժң½ҵִ򿪣ͷЬҳûϽ
ҵ·һߡٳǰ½Щˣ
͵Ŀңҹ죬ڹ򿪷ţ˳ȥ

ױƵĿ룬˫ֻǰɫ࣬˵ĵ
гһ죬ع֮ǰɱ⣬汻Ĳᡣ½
龰ŵˣһѣŵͷС
鲽ٳȥߵʱѹԴ˵˾䣺̣
ˡ

ûпҽ½ѧӣͷС˵˾䣺
̣Ҳˡѽ~ ۣ

߬סҵĶ䣬ʹק½ȣŻᣬɿ
Źţ֮󼪡

šҵĶ䣬ǰȻһŰ˽ȥ
ĵ˴űߣһţգ۾Ͱ͵Ŀ

Ѱ˰ҲûҺʵģʵ̲סˣ
ָָܣСѣֵ䡣

˳ָһܣͷŭң죿Ȼ
ӣŭ˹ֿȭԴʮ¡

ǰҷ˴򣬵Ǵ첲ƨɣô
ݵģԴϺܴڵ裬һͷĸٰ
ŭˣǿʹ߶Һһ

һ¾סҵĶ䣬صңҧгݵʵ
ղǸʲôأ

ûûɶ;͡졣

죿ʲôУղŽʱ˵ʲôٸ˵һ
顣

ˡҶظһ顣

ˣˡУˡһְҵĲӣһֻʹ
ҵԴһС쵰ûûСʲôЦҿǰɣ

ģҴҴˣĴˡ

һ󣬽ɿ˺˫ֲңڴڵĴ
Сǵһμ־ƽʱɧ
һҲ˵ˣֻʵʵϴ裬ҴĴҲ
ˡ

ˣ㻹֪ŭҹǶ

һ£æ˵ϡ

ָŴϵ·ʵ˵ô£

ͻȻԼƽʱĻ龢ûˣ֧˰죬
˵봩Ҿ͸

봩ȻûȫҵĹ

ǣ˵رϲ·˵㴩رÿ
Ҳԡ½ҲûڣʱȶɡǶ
Ҳѹңǳƽˡ

Ŷ봩봩Ͱ·˰㾭ͬûУ
Ӹµĵҡ

裬ͦϲһۼңָָǵģ͸׹
ŮƵģȱס

죡ŭһŵæ졣

趢Ƭ̣ٶʵ㣬ǰӣǲǶ
ˣ

ҡҡ

ǲǶ½ˣ

ǣǣǸˣϲ˳ְѹ˳ȥ
ҶԲ㣬治Ҹϣڼϴɻˡ

㵹Ǵ󷽣·Ůѡ֪ЩӶ󲻣
ϱǲ

ǣĵλûܹġ

ƶ죬ƶ죡賯ͷϴ£˵С
˵Ҿ̫ˣߵ㶼޷ˡ֪˵
ҹţú÷ʡ

˵֮ʰϵ·ˤŶȥѾȷˣ
ֲһԼ˵ڸ˭绰

һ⣬Ǹ½ڴ绰ɣҪ֪ˣ
鷳ɾʹˡ

˰СʱŽƬ̣Ȼڴ
һƬţ˵ʲôֲҿڡ

ã迪ڵҸղŸͨ˸绰

˵꣬˵㲻ᶼ˵˰ɣô˵¶


ҹˡһ㻹֪ˣ

νϾǸŮ¶Ҫ衭֪
˵һ룬бңϽϡ

ǿѹͷŭ𣬾ͻ˵ҽһȥǸ
ȥġ̸ǵĲԣǷչһҲ
׼ڱϾǸҪһꡣǱϼţ
ʱȷֿһ꣬ǿϴѧ֮ô̸ô̸Ǿ
飬Ҳԡ

ҸæӲ磺֧֣Ҿ˫֧֡



ʲô

ӽԺ㲻ټ½

üͷһ壺Ҫԧ죿

ҾͰԧˣʲô

ҡǡΪʲôѽ

Ϊʲôң͸ղǸԺô½
棬ϲΣ

ǣеΡϾǺùۣܲһӶ
Ůɣ

Ҹû˰öҡ˵ˣֻҪ
̸ǼҵŶҷŸ

ڰɣ½ͦģ¶һʱ䣬͹ȥˡ

۴Сһתͷ˵˾䣺ҹȥ

~ ˫ϥأ⡻ƶߣ˫§ס
ĺ˿ȣȥװһѱһӣ
дкãɡҵĽĲû

Цǡ˵ղŻ˵
λûȡأֱ½Ľˡ㵽ľ仰
ѽ

ϾᲢ۵ġһ裬һϱ裬ϱϱ
裬˭С

ٸˣƶ죬ڲҪϱֻҪ衣

ǡǳİȨ塣

üһҾǰȨ壬бҳߣԼȥ

˫ֽ§ס˿ȣĵЦĶѽǽ
һٸҲҳߡ˵ˣҲ᲻뿪ѽ

һ쵽ľ;ͻˣƶ졣

ҵĺһ£۵İһͷң
Ƭ̣ͷ࣬ʵˣ

ұ죬˵ͷȻڱ˿ϣװһ
ίģ˵ۡ

ãһǷ򡣡˵ȻֻǲͣԴ
š

裬ҴˣԺҲˡ

ղŭǰŻˣ֮ҽر
ɫְҵխȹµĺ˿Դ֪ˡȡ֮
ÿηҶڵϣװһЦӣ§ס
˿ȡ

ʵҾ뿫ͣʱֵûˣװСĵø
ȹӣ͵鱻ŵȹ֪ôǲԵģ׳
ҾǿƲסԼĵΪʵ̫̼ˡ

ҴСϲ˿ĴУʶ֮󣬸ǶԴ˿Ůжӡ
ֲȥ͵˵˿ֻ࣬ڼˣϾ
쳣ҲҵåŤ͵ɳȥһ٣۸
͵˿ȱǿԽܵġ

һɣ֮ԳΪһض˿񱻼ߣϲ˿йء
ΪСʱļȫʽˣΨ贩Ÿɫ˿Ļ棬
ӡҵԺǲģҾ˵ο
Լ

Ӱ죬Ҷ˿ʮֵ˽⣬ͱϴŵĺɫ
˿࣬˿࣬͸ϱˮ˿΢һЩԸã
иѣϸ£˳

ϲ贩˿࣬Ϊ˿һǹ⣬ԵøӸ߹
һЩʺܳġ

ùͶˣо˲ԾţͻȻֶ̧
ҵԴһ£ǳһ쵽ʲôӡ

Ȼֲᣬһɿĺ˿ȣҪվڹ
ʱе̫ˣˣһ룬ͨһָ

һ£漴һ֣Ц˵أûأô
ûѹǮ

򶼹ˣɴһɣֱأ˸ͷ˵
лĸ״֮

ƶһţɫͷ߸Ьϻͦ۵ģ
ȴˬ֪ǲʲôŰ

ҡȥԥһ£סҵ֣һ˳ƽ
ק

ߣߵλã˵¡

Ҽϱͻ࣬Ѿ˲٣չӦ
ĵ˵̻ˡȻͷһǹԹԵߡ
ָ̧ҵͷ˵ӣ費ǲ̸ؼ
ǸҪһ꣬𣿡

סҹɵĵ˵ͷ

ܲܰһգѧϰϣ

΢Ц۾͸Ŵ飬ɢĸĹâ֪һ
˵һ֣ôӭҵĽŭ

裬ĺŬѧϰˡ

жŬ

Ŭˣ㿴ÿζܿȫǰʮ

ֻ꼶ǰһѣѧУֲصУ
ĳɼͨһЩǿ

ұ۾˵ͷװ̵ܽӡ

ֳᣬϸ˵ˣǰæڹ
˶Ĺ̡ܽڡǱڿʼȫԸ̸߿

ǣ裬һֱڳѽÿǾӶд꣬Ϸ
ˣֻżһСʱ䣬һ£Žһѹ
Ҽ¹˺˪ϸĿڣȻǶǹȥʽˣڿ
ʼһĿȫȡڿʼҾŴ£һֻʥ
顣𣿡

ҵĶͷ΢Ц˵Ҿ֪ҶӶ¶أ
ǸƱҲҪˣ

ҾվƱҲҪûհ

ûգʱ㱣ܡ

ЩЩұѽǿҵѽ

Цһһӵģ㵽׻
жٸ᲻µģôרѧϰôأ

˫ֺʮɥ˵ֻǿƱӰ첻ҵѧ
ϰģͷŹǰɡ

ûһֿʼˣƶˡޱ˵
óԼҰҪҶ֣ҿɾĸû
˰

εı죬ܶһʲᣬ跭
ʵЩ

Щҵ˵ͷʵֻͨһصһ
ҲˣȻҲǷ裬ǷǸСѾͷ

費Ʊ˼±ˣҵͷЦ˵
ҵĹԶӣúѧϰ

ҽһ䣺ϡ

֪ͺá˵꣬뿪˷䡣

ҳһ̱˴ϡô˵һǰȫĶȹ
ȥˡе㵣½ֻûˣϵϣֲȥ
Ҳֻܵȿѧ˵ˡ

ʱѾ쵽ˣһŽ˵Ҫ
ҳȥԷҲ̵һ֣ȱһ٣Ȼ߶һȥ
ԶٴͣһƸ棬ϼƲˡ

ݻһ·ɫ˿߳£ɫ£ɫϥȹ
Լķɫ˿Լɫĥɰ߸ѥϿ¿
ƽʱͷҲ˸Ͳβٳǰһī
ϴְŮǿ˱˶衣

Ҹں棬ոչϴţȻȥĶˣʵ
ʵ˵ÿӰȥˡһֿŰһͳֻ΢ţȵ
СʱСֹһ䣬ֻ

ûʣһȥԷûӰˣв

ҴȥǳȥǼͣСţŷǳóԣ
ϧǣԷʱ軹ǲͣ߶ѧϰ£ֻһ߳һ߼װ
ɵĵͷǣʵǸţһ˶ӡ

òͽ׼뿪ʱȻи˵֣ͷһƣ
װ΢Цų˹һЦŴк
ܣʵ̫ˡ

ѽ̫ˡ˾òЪ࣬Ҫҡ
ǰǸ۾ңЦʵǡܵܣ

ЦĶѽҶӡ

Ŷܾȵôѽ˵ӵƤһ
ΪӸСѧءԭôѽ

ҹɵľ˸á

ϣ涮òҽáܿ䣬Ȼ
ƽͷӣλϣɵĳܡλгľ

֣ơ

ƽͷ΢Цſ裬ͬ΢Цſ

ʶѽЩ⡣

΢΢ͷѽͬѧˡ

ƽͷӳЦ˵ʮûˡ

˵ã̫ˡҸطһһ°ɣͬѧ棬
ˡ

ɣҶӻЩ¶ҪæϹź΢
Ц

ܿ˿ܣ˵ҲУʱɡ

˼䣬֮첽뿪˲ҽ׷ں棬е
裬ղǾļƣ˧ְֱŮǿˡ

ƨƨϣŤͷ˵˾䣺ϻ豾
ְŮǿˣҲǻؼҼǣűɼͥӵġ

Ĵָ޵ϵµóòɣ
ǷϰȢţǼĸԺţҲ
ġ

輥ϣˣ

½ĶܸѽǰһˮѾߡ˸
ŵĻ棬ʵ裬Ǹʲôܣͬѧ

ǰôˣ

񣬺е㲻ѽ

Ķˣбؿҡ

˵е㲻ԡҲҸ˵е͸һ
͸ҿ˿Ůʱһװȫ
뷨

ĬƬ̣˵Ҹһ꼶ҵѧǰ׷
ҡ

Ӧ𣿡һ£ȵеĸҵ۾е
Ҹò˽Ӱɣѽ~ 

ҵԴְһơ

һ쵽ĺ˵˵ѵһ䣬Ȼ˵Ҿû

ΪʲôѽҾţͦ˧İоϰҪ˧

ƷУѧʱһ꼶ѧø㻳ˣȻ
˼ҰѺӴˡ

еǹġ

ͻȻͣ½ŲŤͷңԳҸ˵Щ

ҺٺЦð¡ݿѧʵԿѸ˴֮
Ĺϵ

˰ɣĹϵˡڰͲԶء

ҸҪ˵ƼǰȺһϤӰϸһȷ
ʵϰûһλʮòŮ˫ֿĸ첲ͷ
ļϣ˵Ϊֹʮֵܡ

һ迴ȵָķ˵ѽ
ǡǲǸ˭

˳ָķȥ˰죬ʵ˭ѽ

ǸǸݵӾǸݻʵ۵ǸΪϰִڻ
ҿʼȻҲ֪ԼΪʲôҪ

֣½Źƹǿ軹Ƕأˣ
˭ѽ

һͷһۣȷϰѾˣԴЦ˵
ҿˡ

һۣϹ󹤷򡣡

һ·ֱֹϰָǸŮʲôϵ
˵ĻϰΪе㷴صģѵŮйأ

ɻص˼ңһѸ߸ѥһʵôˣһ·
ϳüģǷǮƵġ

ԼⲻС¶û֮ǰҸ˵ʵڱ˸
ϹŪȥˡЬȥϲٳʱ򣬺
˵ҹȥƿţ˾䣺˵ʲô

ǰһĻһʱѾѵ׳Լȹӣֻ
ңϰ΢΢ǰ˫쵽ڽ˿ֵĿӣû
·ڵϸѩ׼¶⣬Բɰļͷ˿
أȫû긾Ůӷ׷֣Ƿɫ˿࣬
ŷΣԼɼɫڿ㣬ԸУˡ

شϸԲĺ«ΣΣĸ״ˣ
һ

˵Ȼˣ֪ǳȥûдȥ϶ġ
ȻȥЩ˵һ룬ͻȻʶʲô͵ػͷ
ҰӴ̽˽㶵Ŀæץϵ·
ǰεĺǳһ쵽Ϲʲô

ҺٺɵЦŮ·

ץױϵһϻױƿҶ˹һ

ҸæϷţ˳ȥղŵǸΨ棬ȴҵԺþ
ɢ



                             1.4



Ȼѧϰ磬ȫ豻
ԼϰֺǸŮһֵĻ棬Ķ˼ѧϰ

Էʱ湻ˣСص˼ң
ĵģһžͱͷĺһ١ñѵЩȦ
֮ק̨ΪʲôôĻ

Ҿ϶Ϊ¶ûɾѾ
һ٣ٷˣѹһ磬ȫйͷϡ¶û
˵ֻװͿ˵˭֪ǹϵԭɣҶ
װһˣײǹˡ㵹ù

Ʋ죬ֹһ䣬תҪط䡣ϰֵ¶ҷһ죬
أͰ˻Էʱ˵һߡ

֮ĵһӦȻǾȵĿңʲôȥţ
ţȻûнң

֪ŮĪĸķӦһģһ

˭һͳȥˣ϶ϵˣ˭㲻ġ

ȥԷҲû˵ȥѽ˵ˣƭȥġ

Уţš

ⶼҪղû˵ʲôϰֿһͲ
Ůһءͦĵġ

Ž˼˻Ƭƺü˵ѹ
صģԭ͵͵ԼСŮ~ 

úȻһһæôˣ˵¶Ҫ
֪ˣǿɾʹ²ˡ

Ұһۣϻ⻹˵

üͷһ壬һĳݣֽǰסģҪ֪ġ

ʱǵĸͻѣȳܣٶ֣˵Ҫ顣

Ȼ̧ͷһңҪҪĻ˭
һҪġҵĳУдڽӴ
ʻᱻиϰ֡ϰҪٸǸСŮĻǵʱ͵ý
СŮˡ

ҿЦõĿСԴһ춼ʲôѽⶼ
ûӰ¶أҪһǸŮֻϰѵŮأҪһǸŮ
ǵԶأϸ룬ϰҪҲҸͲ
Ů˰ɣôһŮأ۰ֳеС˧Ҳû˧
Ůĵزɡ

ǸŮֻͼǮǱϰְأ

ϰȻҵгɣҲͣһŮҪܴһǮ
ģϰĶôǮ

бؿң˵ĺܶӡ

Ҳµġ

ʱͻȻ󣬺ɵʵʲô
أֹģʲôѽ

һҸϽװǮϸ½
ǮϽҡ裬ǷǮ

˫ֲأʲôʱǷǮˣ

̾ûˣһ쵽֪Է

һۣ˲ԣɨһֻۣ˫ꡣ

Ҫڣȴʵ裬ҰأԷ

˭֪ȥĶˣ绰ӣϢء

öһۣû˵ԹԳԷԼʰ
ǸԻѧϰѹ¶һϰָǸŮһ
½һ˿ȣһ飬Ķ˼ѧϰ

ֻԡˣеҶӴɨˣ
ʵûʲô¶ɸɣҷҵһϾɵ
ҿе磬ɴſ˵̨㲥

û˯֮ʱźȻƿûͷҲ֪
˭ŵһ飬Ͻֱˣȴûܼʱص

˹ҵͷһ£ְ˹
ѧϰôôѾأĶôС㻹˶ٶ

ûˣûˣûˡ

Ķûˣ

ѡ

趢Ƭ̣˵˾䣺úѧϰȻûյ뿪
˷䡣

˵ܷĵĶûˣӦÿרעѧϰˣɻǲСҲ֪
ôˣһ;ӷͣƤֱܣɴɶҲɣ
ſϴ

ԺҲ֪˶ãԴϺȻһ£ܵ
ǵĿˮŤͷȥֻһˮվҵҸ
װĵͷӣֹţѣ

װˡ轫ˮϣ
ôúѧϰѽ

ںúѧϰԹȣϢһ£ſͽˡ

ʲôҲû˵ת뿪ķ䡣е㷴أֻˣ
ﻹһӣҵԡ

æʣʲô˼

˫ֱأαϣϸȽޱ
Ŀң˵㣬ʡٿС

Ҽˣеôѧϰ

㻹ѧϰˣǵʱҪ˿˼Ҽ࿼ʦ
վţܰ˼Ҹϳȥ

ҪңҲֻεıˡԱ
һ˵Сˣһ¶Ҫ棬ѧУ
ϰλҪϸ

̽Եʵ裬Ժһֱôѽ

Ķôйڸʲôʱܼо
ѧϰˣҾ͹ˡ

ãߴһˡСֹ˾䡣

˵ʲô

˵ǿǨĸ

ˣƶ죬˼ѧϰϡ

ʱֻһϢֻ鿴ҵͷװ
ѧϰ۽ȴ˹ȥڼҵʱỻְҵװ
Ͽɵ֯ȹһֱӸǹβ˿ỻɴ׿㣬Ȼ
񣬵˿΢һЩԼ͸΢һЩҲ
ȸ߰ɣҲûҲ֪ʲôоؼ֮󶼻ỻϡ

ͷʱţʱһɢβ裬ԡ

ȻļҾӴҲһǴȻ۸΢Ƿ˵㣬
ȴһʡɻʱ򣬾Բƨɣ
̲סҪӺ汧סȻһ䣬̫̫Ҫæ𣿡

˸Ͳβ˸ᣬǺڰƵ֯
Ƿɫ׿㣬ϲèЬ׿ЩŮӻ˶Ա
ɫ׿㣬оЩ񣬵Զ˿ֺʲôûд

ͷֻǹЦ⣬ʶҧĴָָף
ЩƤıһһµô棬ЩĲɣһС
Ľʹ˵ϡҸæȥʱʶַһĴȡ

̧ͷһۣҼװ⣬дӣǸղŷôһ
£ҾþòͻȻ׿ָв˿ֲ֮࣬Ĵ
ȴ˸оĴ̼ҵעȫתˣû˼ˡ

軹ڿֻһ̲סԥƬ̣Ȼ⽫ʹ
˵ϣȥһֱӰĴϣ
ܳӣڵѰš

ЩڣȻܿɫ׿µϸȣ
ԼèЬĿɰѾĺ߬סϸԲĽ
һգϧûҲֻһˡ

Ҽװ˺ôþʼʱӴû
һ¡ò˵˫ˣϸ
޳棬Ŵ׿㶼ܸоУи긾Ů
ϵɳڷֲֵһƽʱбֶȴûмӲȣ
ĺ

ֻ̧ۿңҼװ˼Цһ£ʼдӡ
û˵ʲôͷֻ

ӣֿʼˣһСģһι˵ϡ
ҪִĴϣȥʱһѽҵִһߣ
ëһֱµȻʼص
ϣ棺ҪٰѱϵС㰡۶ӡ

Ҳ֪ǲǷҵС˼Ĳˣˣ
ʵʵĵͷдӡֻһֱϢЩķң
ס˵֣ŮʿѧϰˣҪֻȥ
棬𣿡

Щ˼ˣ뿪䡣Ϊˣ׼ɿû
ֻˣ˵費ԡҰֻŵȥˣ
ѧϰˡ

û뵽ôִţҲʵûа취ˣֻļ£ѧϰ
ˡ

Һò׿Ҫʱ򣬷ͻȻһڣͣˡÿν
һͣ磬˾͸ũūѸ質һʼҰʣҺҽС
ѧУɵϰߣͣ˵磬Ҳ̲סһͣ~ 

Ǳϴõ֪~ 

ҵͷϾͰһ£Լѵ⣺ͣͣ磬ʲô

Ҳ֪ںڰ֮Уôʹô׼͸һ
һԴ˵裬£ڡ

ڲΣءֻɳϣȥù

١ţȥ

˲ͣ磬۾δӦںһƬұܵǰ
ϣȻ֯ȻܹоǷ
УǸճĴͷҺȷ鷿Ȼ
ʶһ£ִԲеԡ

Ķأ轿һҵĸ첲һߡ

æǸԲ𣬶ԲҲǹġ

ҪǹģҾͰָˡѵһ䣬ĬƬ̣˵
ȥŸ

Ҹæƿ裬ȥֻ˵ȥ
ҵһߡڰ֮Уұ͵͵һƣ֮䣬
ŵһζκġ

ճţֻˣһ£õֻ
˳ҵֵͲ֪հֻ裬ԭأˡ
ͬʱŴϰֻˡ

ղͣˣϰһ߻Ьһʡ

һ춼ĶȥˣϢһҲڼţڲŻ
ûķʵ

Ǹͬ¼Һ˵¶ȥ˸æϰֵĻЩɡ

Ҹöһۡ

׷ʣʲô¶ѽҪæһ졣ϰִ߹ʱ
һţʵȾˣ

ϰ˵ͬ¼ҵĺҲϸУ쿼ѧˣС겻ҲҪѧ
ҹȥһ£Ͼͺ

ЦԼĺ㶼ܣȥ˼ҵĺӣǹ
ȥСӶˣ֪֪

ϰֻͷңôˣˣ

ûаҺܹѽһֱڼѧϰװһ޹ӣ
һۣһȥˡ

С˵˵ɣÿû˵

бؿңá

ɹģŪġһһĻ棬˵
ǸŮӵƯģ֪˭ҵŮʱϰֽһ
¡

̬Сɫǡðһۣתߣ׷濹
˵Ǳ̬Ҳ˵ɫǣ㲻˵̬
Ҳ˵СɫǣĶСˣõ⡣

һѧҪǸһֱң˵ǰѵ
߿֮ǰҪԶ㡣֪λԧ죬Ҳûޣ
Ȱ˵˵Ǳסݶ飬ֻǴӵϱ˵£
ϴ¶붼ˡ

ұϾǸѪʢĴСӣֿϣʳ֪ζˣ󣬱
˵ϴˣ춼ã˭סһ컹̣ʱ䳤
ܲˣȫǷ¶ŵʦҪ
٣һΡ

µǣҷԼԽԽעˣ촩ʲôױ
ÿÿο˿࣬ﶼйڶʵ
ﲻסˣյ͵˿ڼϴɻ

µǣһҾȻһΣԸеС
ҵļͣ˱ʱŹͷ״ˬҿ䲻ֹ

ڶʱ򣬾ȻžˣŪ˯ģֲҸ
˵ֻԼ͵͵ز

ЩˣǰһżͣĶ
Һ裬ֻǹѡҲʶԼԽԽ
ŮˣһԸгŮˣͬڼ
Ļ档

֪ǷģǴģԽѹ֣ԽʢΪ
˻Ҿռıˣݴ̼ͬʱ
ȴޱȵֹ֣ϾҾĸ״ˡ

ϰƳ飬ºϸ룬оܡϰô
ʵһˣҲûʲôӣţôأҶԷǸ
Ůֱ̫췽ҹ̷ˡ

ͬ߿ͬʱ˫߶ججĹһ¡һ
ѧżǶ߳Уţ俴ԶվŵһƯŮ
òͣȴһֽСĸоΪǰƴСɡ

۾ģССģȭ裬źװ
ǿɾŷֿԼЬǽͷ䣬ֳŮԪ

ŮֱĶǣҾЩ죬
ӷС˵Ůͦÿû

ѧУġһλͬѧС˵

һֱǸ˭ʶѽ

ŮȷʵǼƶ˭ҲʶѽҲû
¶

ڶ죬ǸŮˣǷѧʱվѧУſڣǼ

ӷЦ˵ǲǰ˭ѽ

˭

˭˧

㡣

Ҳ㡣

ʼվǸŮе죬ɾ벻һֱ˵죬
վޱĶǿӷʵ̲סһ˹ȥ
ڨһ¾ȥԭ˵Ƥ񡢲Ҫ

Ҳ֪ҵƤǲҪǸ˳Ҳ
е棬͹ȥˡ

ŮޱĿҳ쵽ǰʱͻȻתߵˡ
ıӰʱ͵ϰָ첲һֵСѾͷ

ϰֵ˵ӦϰͬµŮ

ô˵ѾͷӦǳģΪʲôÿζվԶԶģֻ
ңҲ˵ʲôѽ˵ġ

ϰɳϿӣҳʰʱԱߣС
˵֣ϸ㲻˵ȥͬ¼ңŮ߿¶𣿡

ϰһЩɵĿңʲô

ҾʣǸŮǸŮʲô֣ʶ𣿡

ͬµĹŮôʶ

ԥƬ̣Сʵ֣磬ڽϿһ
СŮֿһ֣Ůǲ˵ģͬµŮ

ϰһƬ̣ͷǣǣͬµĹŮ

Ҵȥ̲ġ

ЩɻϰЩƵᣬǸƹҿ߿
ûĹôһͬµŮȥ̲ġ

Ƭ̣ϰֵʵ¶֪

֪ͣһ£ŷʵ֪

ʲôҡʲôµģ˱Ƚ϶ɣᡣ

һ²һ£¶ͱ֪ˡ

~ У衣ѽµ㻨Ǯе
֧ˡҳٺһЦϰҵ˼õĲѧ
һ쵽ĥ˵ɣǮ

ָϰ˵ҷŵӺ棬Լȥá
һ䣺ʡŵ㻨һ쵽ִŵģǼҵǮǴġ

ǣǴģǵٳġһڼԼ

ʱӳ͸ץƵģæã
װӣʲô¶ûһ迴һۣԴ
һ£Ȼ󹴹ָʾҸߡϰָҸҳһ
´Ĵָġ

úϷţȻֱĶ
ҡҺȻйɲõԤУɵЦ˵裬ˣһ׾û
أҵøϽˡ

ϸĵۣû˵ҲûŲطҿ˰죬ֱ
ͷƤˣŻڵ㣬ǲ͵ҵ˿ˣ

˵һ£æװɵ㶣ʲôʲôˣ

ҵ˿࣡ûã

ûа֪˵ʲô

˵һ顣ҡ

ûУûã˿ʲôѽҼװЦӡ

˵ͷЦǲײĲǰɣ

ҡö˶˵ҼײĸɶԽԽˡ

ңϸݸ˫˿࣬ת۾һ˫ʱ
ûҷһ£пܵķ˭ܲ
ְɣ

ҲǼˣҪר͵Ůµı̬
Ѿʼ˵˵ˡ

ҿ̬

ҺٺɵЦЦãô㣬ô˱̬ˡ

ô֪ö˶һӣôͳ˱̬ˡЩżˣ
Ȼ󳤳̾һһ£ʵ˵ʵ㵽û
ã˵ʵ豣֤㡣

ȻƢ꣬һ㻹ֵóƵģǽţ˵һ
˵־;Բᶯ֡¶ˡˣ
Ѿ˴ˣʵǶأҳвʵνˣ
ɴ㡣

ǡˡһ˫

һ˫۾ҡ

һ˫

ȥʲôˣ

š͸ˡ

赱ɵѽ

Ͼǹˣ϶֪͵˿ʲôˣ¶
֪֪Ҳܿڳѽʵ̫ˡ

ûм׷ȥߵױ̨ǰ߽һ
ЩȻһɫʵ˵ʵ͵ҵ˿֮⣬
û͵ñ˵Ķߡʲô¶

æַģûУûСҸҸ֤ٷ֮ûС
зִģǼͥڲףһ١ȥ
˵ĶΥҪġ

~ 㿼ǵĵͦЦ˵˼ȫ
ˣһ쵽ľ۶ӣʲôʱҪѧϰµ㹦
ʡѽ

ǣұ֤úѧϰ֤ʡġ

ȥɡǵҸղ˵Ļúһ롣´ΣҲ
ƨɡ

˸ĸңҳһһ亹ൽڻ
ͨͨļšղ˼ˣ֪ҸʲôˣǸ
ӣû϶Ҳ֪ģԲ
ôһ侯Ļ

ص֮ҴܳµСóһ˫˿࣬
Ħһ£ǰǰ軻ϴ¿ûüϴԭ
ζ࣬ԥ˺þò׳ŵ͵ģΪһĵ˺óһʱء

͵˿ɻ¶ûٸˣ˫ĺ˿ԭζ
ղˣһҪúϧС

ļ죬ǸŮûٳѧУſڣòϰִ
Ϣϰֺܼɻӣ˼Զ㡣Ȼ֪СѾ
ͷʲôҾ¶ôȥˡ

ֱһĩ磬Ҹ½Լˣһȥ꣬ȻǱλ
͵͵ȥġòԶȥһȦȻ
ſڼ

վ̨˻ͦ࣬µĵ·ʱͻȻվ
һˣʶŤͷһۣȻǸƯСŮȭ
裬ſɵ˶ף洩ſţп㣻ƴСϻ˵
ױֻ۾ִë䳤Ŀңȵģ
ֻֿС

ϰͬµŮ

ңҿĬƬ֮һЦŮ㰵ѽ

˫ֲ¿ڴһãȻؿң˾䣺˭ѽ
öŴֲһ˿ɳƣеԪĸоܿɰܶ

㲻ʶңҺٺЦ˧ѽ

˸ۣûҡҲ⣬Ц׷ʣ㲻

ǰĶɣŶˡװһȻӣ
ǲˮϰࣿ

ѽҰˮϰġ

ǾͶˡһ֣ҰҲˮϰ࣬ǰ϶
ʲô֣

Ƴһۣû˵Ҳ⣬оˣЦ
ŮȥĶѽ

ȥĶʡ

ȥ»ꡣ

Ҳȥ»ꡣ

٣ⲻⲻǣ

ʱ·ýվǰ˳··
˿ͱȽ϶࣬жϳиվĵطͲˣλˡ

ҸŮһͬжλã˰ˣͦģҲûɳ
ͷĳ̶ȡȻղ˵ɺϣȴţѾͷ϶ǳ
ģΪʲôһʱҲ²

ǲʲô¶̽Եʵǲʲô
¶ˣҰæ

һۣû˵

Ҽ˵ʲô¶㾡˵ϲΪˣ
ƯŮ

û˵СģȻʶʲôʵ
ˣ

ʮ塣

ǸһǣμӸ߿

תתЩãȻȻû˵ʲô˼

ʱվȥ˼ˣҸǰĳ˿ʹһλϴ
ﻻһٸ黨ȹӺ˿׿㡣ҵ߱ܵŴ
˹ȥȻûȣٻЩζġ

ҶһȻԱ߻һأתͷȥŮҲŤ
ͷңղҵһһ϶Ƶ

Цһ£ҪΣƣתٸ
ϣȻֻصҵϣ۾һգһգģЩãȻЩ޹

Ȼץסҵ̧Ҳ֪ʲô˼
Ҫ˵ǣҵ֣ٸĴϡ

ٸѽһŤͷңҲһãȻ֪ĿȻ
һƺҵϡ



ұΪĳ˿ǵɹɫǣŤ͵ɳ˵ɫ
ˣ˵ǹɫǣֱǶҵô¶ĺӣ
ôڹôأǱݺġ

ĳ˿Լɳľ壬ȫҵĽͣߣ
ָͬңСС;͸ڹŮǻˣ

λ˴ȵٸŭգߣץӡ

֪ܺߣҲҲܺѽɺ޵ľǸСѾ
ͷݺҾʧӰˡ

ǱҪѧУ쵼˵ģһѱһᡢ֪Ͼ
Ҫ߿˵İ£Ӧֻ֪ͨҳʵ֮⣬һ˸ʺ
ɳҳȥ¶е㶪ˣҲ֪

ϧôɣʲôʲô

ɳѯĵŽŸ֮Ǻε
ŭؼ¶һͲ塣

ʱֻһ˵ؽ

漴һӢˬʵŮ˵СӺȶˣִϱ
Ѿơ

һ˵ҡҡûûûˡ죬찢
̣Ҹϱġ

˭㰢̡Ķȥݴš

һ˵ӱ˽ˣһʮµŮ죬
һɫƷ쵰β裬ԼһߣȻѾ˵꣬ȴʮ
ֵӢʮ㡣

̫Ϥˣû뵽ˡϳϽ
תһߣͷ

ŮתȻͣ˻طſڣ̽ͷҿ

С

Ҽʵסˣ̧ͷЦذ̣ɣʲôʱϰˣ

ڳǹɳ𣿡

½ĸףδĸء

ҵˡذһ˫ֲڿӿڴ´
һ飬ʵôأ

ҡվ˸ͣ򶨵˵

ȻҵĻƬ̣ŤͷСһ¡

ôˣһоߵſڡ

ذָʣô£

о쿴һۣЦ˵Ů˴ȣ
ץ˸С

æ磺ԩǱݺġ

ذüң㵽û˴ȣ

ҡˡǡǡЩ״Ρ

ʲôѽذһĵҡ

ͷ֪ô˵ղѾ˰ˣҲûţ
ںֻһ壬һʩ壬γ
ҵַλϡԣҲܺˣļӺߣ
Ǹʩ塣

Ǹʩأ

֪

˵˵ذƳһۣתҪߡұ֪¶
ģѾ֪ˣҽ¶òˡ

Ҹæ׷ſڣһذ̡

̻ͷһۣûذ̡

찢̡Ҽɫ̫ÿæĿڣ㡣

ʲô¶

ĵЦҵĳСҳģҲҵļ໤ˡ

һ¶ܸܲ˵һȱ֪ͨѽȥ
ɡ

ذЦϣ֪ѽ㲻ԩ𣿡

ԩģ˲ǷѽҪˣ϶˵Ⱥ
ݵһ١

ãһ쵽ǡذ΢΢ͷбؿң
һûء

Ҿŵò˵ˡ

ԼĪ˰СʱȻһ߸ЬȻ
磬ŵһ£˵ˡ

ûӦѾ̤˽ɫװͲ
ȹɫ˿Լɫͷ߸Ьģϣװ磬ֱӴӹ˾
ﱻйġ

һžŭңŸ߸Ьֱİͷ
˹ŭĺСʲô

æͷ͵裬˵ᣬ˵

ҽͣתȦ׷Ŵҡذվſڣ˫ֲ嶵
ЦЦĿ



                             1.5



ȻҲǱԩģûš谴ҵͷһϹ˵Ǹ
ټɳ񾯵ĵ⣬ٸͬ˺ͽ⡣

ɳΪһٱᣬû뵽ϳ֮󣬾ſڷ
ϣԵúƣӡҪһ١һ٣ҵܽܣϾ
ѾϰˣӣҷЩھˡ

ҽطļͷС˵裬ҽ͡

ңһŭǣʹһ¼Ҫҵ˦

Ҽͷϣٶ˵ˣֻСһԡã
̧ͷ̾һС˵ôѽ

ίͰ͵˵裬ԩġǱݺġ

˭ݺģ

һСŮϰͬµŮ

ͬµŮüͷһ壺ݺʲô

Ķ֪ǿҳ̫˧˰ɡ



裬ôͲأ

ҲأôͲأ

ҡһʱǰҲƣʲôʱô
ûгŵˡ

ĬƬ̣˵Ҳ˲㣬úһ£Լ
ΪңԼ𣿡

ҡôң

СΪҲ֪˽͵͵ĸʲô¶û
˵͸ˣǸӡΪɵѽŭң
˵Щ㵽ûУ

ףסüʹͷ

׻ǻҷģǷƨѽ

ҡԩġʲôûɡҪţȻȥ
ϰ֣֤

ǲԩģܹǰҽеɳһ˰ɡ

һ룬ȷʵҲǣǿԸɳ־Ϲģ
ͦ˵ġ

跢һ·Ĭû˵һ仰صûңҲû
ңһԼû
ˡ

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ϴˢҵԩϰ֮Щ죬ʵȥˣ

ǰֹһΡҧгݵʵ˭ѽôݺҡ

ϰִһȻŻŵĿʼ˿ڴͳʮ
ԪƱ˵㲻˵㻨Ǯ̵
ǮţҪǲˣְٸ㡣ԺǸŮȥ㣬ǧ
У¶ǧǧ֪

ϰֵķӦҵϣ϶йѲŮ
Сˣɾƽ޹ʵҰ

벻ףϰǧƼգưͳԻ
˵ˡ

ҹұˣȥϲźԼһЩϤϤ˵
Ǵ̨ģڴ绰

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ұܵĸо绰йأŵ˹ȥ¹ϡɼ
贩˿˯£ɫֲƵɳϣͷ
ڼ֮䣬ʹס˰žµСˢӣ
ĵڽͿָ͡

¹͸ϣһ㱡ɴ
¶ѩ׼羫Ĵ㣬ϸ塢⻬·ɢʥĹâ
ͬͻһ㣬ƻãҾȻһ˿ٵĸо

ΪҵĽŲᣬ貢δ̾˵˵Ҷף
ҲˣҲˣƤڶ֪ôˡ

⻰˼˵ȷʵҵ顣ʱϲ¶Ķ
ڽҪǵ˵Щʲô

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ƤѾˡǰʱҹžŪһӣҲ֪
ǲ֪ǲ˼ѿ͵͵زˡҶʱ
ˡûУҾ˼ָȥˡ

һ̣Թ裬ôʲô¶˵ѽ漴һ룬
ԭ˯㣬ͷѽ

ھȥ鷳ͺñȽ¶˼û׷Ҫ
ˣһŭֵ֮ѧУ߸ͱϣⱲӾ
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ҵ飬ûٲ͡

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ˣҪҪ

ոյĸж˲ɢҵԹǳѽ

ʲôûáʲôҶӹŮΪǰֽһ
ѽڻôʲô֪ѽǲҪ
ҵôһͷˣ

ڳܣڿЦ

ҶѾԧ죬ֿˣ㻹Ҫôھǳ
֪ô졣ĥһ죬մȥҽ
ڿЦ֪ഺڵкҪ۲Ѿԧ
˵ĵɣûӣ㲻֪Ҹ˵һ
Ҫܣ˵

ȻѹС˵С͵˿࣬Ǹװ⣬
Ǹ

ڸоˣǣô¶˵
ѽҲҲµһȷʵ֪ˡ

ĸأ뿪Ц˵δĸҲ
ˣûѽ

һԺȻذ̵ӰģЦûа
׽У㻹أĶѽ

ǣĸ࣬˿ࡣ

ʵҲЩͿˣǰҺԼǵ˿࣬
ԽԽע豾ˣûд˿ʱҲĪ
嶯µ顣

ģǰѳ־Ǹ˿йصġҲ
ȥҽģڶڼﴩ˿ˡ

ԭˣ˵ôԽԽˡȻѾ
شƫϣļ紺㵽˶죬˿ϽֵŮ
ǡ

ϣҾȥ͵˵˿࣬͵͵˴
Ǳ̬ء֪֪ⲻŬֹһ̬ô
ǰҲûëܾžǲ֮еģ
Ҳȥҽġ

ҵһЦˣλѾɱ̬ˡ

²裿ô赼ϻô˿Ҷ
Ц˿ǳģҶӻһҪء

ذǴžƷӡûм˿ࡣذ
̴˿ʲôأҲɵ

ľãҪǸô졭֪Ӱ
ҪùӳˡҲ˼Ȱ߿˵ʱ
ߣܾͺõˡ

˵ûһӽǳ״ɢˡ

ʲô˼ѽŮ㲻㲻ҲϡٸҳЩûõģ
ʱҾͰǼһӣŮ㲻Ҳϡ

ƽʱ˵ҷ룬ˣǲĲ

ҳڸô죬Ҫһθڹ˴ȣ
´λ᲻ᡭҳУҪǸˣҿɵ鷳ҾŻ
˰ɡʲôаŮѽǼС
ʲôѽˣ룬컹ϰأͷ˵ɡ

Ҫֻˣ͵ϽŵĻصң
˲ˡ

ڶ죬һֱĥذ̸ĵʲô⣬Ҳû˼
ѧϰˡѧʱؼңĸ߸Ьڣ㺰һûлӦ

תһȦûмˣ׼ϸҪ
䣬ȴվϴ»ǰִֻϴǰһֻϽż
˫ûп˿࣬üͷھʲô

Щƣʲôô񣬸ղźûҪڴ
ͼ轫˿δ򿪰װ࣬ȫӽϴ

һͷˮ˵ڸʲô

ҧ´ϴ˿һֽȫ˳
Ƭָ̣·˻ȥôַ˺üΣ
¶˾ģ˿һӣת뿪ҿǽվ棬
ŵòؿڣӣèİһ㶯
ҲûСҲһˣ

һ޹˵Ҵкˣû

ͷһϴ˿࣬ȻĶ˵軻
˿࣬Ȼû㲻׼͵˰

һãȻĿ

ʲôѾԶˣ֪֪㻹
ˡһۣȻֹĻȥˡ

üͷһͷˮŸղŵ龰ܾƽʱЩ
һǻŻŵӡȻЩɰ

~ Ȼÿɰ裬ֲ̫

ղ˵Щʲô˿ûҲ͵ˡ
ոմ򿪰װ˿࣬ΪʲôҪǿûڹʾ
һ͵ǲ͵أ

˫ֱأԴüĿĿ˿࣬Ȼ˿࣬
Щոտ˿ûȤϻԭζ˿Ļ
ǵеȤ

ȵȣ

òڵɣ͵˿࣬Ȼһ٣ٴȥ
ҽ

ǣҲûѽذͨ绰ʱ˵װ׵ģ
ûаᣬӰҵĸ߿Ҫʹˣ
ôһȦɡ

ˣ˵²衣ѵҳȥ鷳Զһֻ۱һֻ
ۣڼҪ

Ҳ̫թ˰ɣҲնѽΪ
ɵƲԭζ˿˿

Сָһ˿һЦȻ˻ȥһתͼǽ
վ棬ޱĿңһؿ˵ʲ
ôأǻȥˡ

跴ʵʲôأ

ûʲô

ûʲô

ǰûʲô

ʲô

ûʲô

ûʲô

ҡŶˣϲ

˵꣬ת˲ʹʹĽˮѣٳʱѾˣ
Щ˿Ҳϴʧˡ

ҳسһ˵պգĵô
ﻹͦġ

ϣȻһԶѧϰڱضˣڼﶼʼ
ţпˣɨˡõһǣҿ԰ѧϰˡ

ҹڴϣȥ⼸췢£ԼĪʱ
䣬ĵŵĴ򿪷ţ̨ûж貢û
һذͨ绰ﲻЩʧ

죬ܸоЩŹ֣б۶ң͸һķ
ҡ

˵죬ɳϸְӢ
ҹ˹ָʾҸȥ⼸ķٶҾ
ţ֪Ҫڷеȥҽˡ

ݺڵϣָнױҡ
ᱡ֯£洩ţп㣬Ŵ޳ȣԲ
󣬴ŰɫĽѾЬҺǽ䱸

ĬƬ֮ʵѧУô

ܺá

ܺãǡѧϰأûѧϰ

С

½أиһ𣿡

ûС

㡭һɻʵôƽʱһ

Ķһ

ôûǻҲ˵ֻˡ

𣿡

Ǻáӣܾе㲻ϰߣоֵֹġǲ
ʲô¶üȻ󼷳һӲ΢Цװе˵
𲻺˼˵˵

û¡˵ҹ֣һء

Сüбҡ

ûСҿЦ˵

С

ûС

žһһӣ۾ңɵ˵
У

СҸϽͷ

ĴβЦ˵£˵˵

ε̾˿鲻õ𱸵ССͣ̾ʲ
ô

Ҷ֪ԼΪʲô̾ˣһģڴλ˰죬
Ҳû˵ż˵ʲô£˵ô
˵Ҳʶʮˣʲôܸ˵ġһֵۣ
ɣҵ裬ҵĺѡ

̲ס¶үֻı飬һЦ裬ײ
ҶˣװѵϷ

豻˵һ죬ԴһơͷίͰ
˵裬ִңҵĺѴҡ

ȻǳڱܷӦ֮Щڣҵͷ˵
Բ𣬶Բϰˣ費ǹġ

ϰ߿ɲ̫áҿЦ

ԵĽƬ̣ȻЦ˵㡭
ģ㲻˼˵ﻰ֪ӡɣ˵ţ
˴ߣ˫ַҵļϣҰڴϡ

һ㶣æʵʲô

ɺã辯

ҹԹԵڸĸĴϣԴɬͨһѲ
Ϊ˻ҵҪʲôСľҪҵ
Ϸ



ܰɡ

ҼڴĿ裬첽ߵ˴һߣ
ҵԽԽ̲סʵ裬Ҫʲôѽ

ڴϣ˵㲻Ҫҡ

ԥһ£Ȼһƽڴϣֱ컨塣Ȼ
ҵ֣סҵ͵һ£ֺܹ⻬
ϸ壬Ĵ΢ҲЩš

衭ѽ

˵۾ŶԷĻڽԸ˵˵
ﻰˡ

ԭΪҸղŵ뷨еЦȴָеһ˿ʧ

˵ʲôﻰ

ʲôﻰУ˵ǰ˵ֲҸ˵ġ

˵ֲ˵ģֹ˼䣬͵Ҫ
˵ˣɱҰ

ôأ赱ʲôˣĸϻ˵ɡ

ҿ˵˰ĺÿȥˣԣֳֶһ
ĲԸһȥ衣

~ ңҴǲ

Ҽ̧˸첲Ҫ򣬸æסͷ˵˵ҵġ

һ㶣ֽ̧ס˰գðŷǿмһ΢Ц
Ҳ㡣˵Ͳ㡣

ʱŴ򿪣ϰּ龰ɵһһͷˮʵ
ڸʲôأ

һɣѯأǣϽ
ȥ

ϰŵòһ˳ȥϡ˻ȥЦ˵
µˣԼˣ˵ɡ

Ҷ˵˰Ҿܣǰһֱ˵Ƣ

˭˵ЩˡֺֺЦû˵ң˵Լ
ʲô˵֮ʲôġ

֮룬軰ﻰһֱǷ֪
ʲô¶ҾԼܹƵסҪġ

ҷ´˵˰ɣûʲô˵ġʱ䣬һ
ȥ׾Ӱɡ˵꣬Ҫߣһվס£

죬ε˻ȥҲ֪ø˵ʲôɴ෴ʵ
Ȼǽģܹ˵ѽأʲô˵ܣ

ң˼Ƭ̣ոһĨΣЦһһ
ܡ

еȤæʣʲôܣǲϳ죿

㰡

æϣĬΣһЦС˵ҡһž
С㡣

ЩŤͷͨ죬˼˵ҡҶ
˵˰ֶ֪

֧ԴӣȤĿЦ˵һΪ
첻µزأԭҲѽ˻С㡣

ˣЦֲ˹ܻˣΪʲô
ѽҸ㣬ÿȥѧУҳᣬҶŵҪ

ҳʲôýŵġ

ǲǵСѧ꼶ʱͬıӵˣǰ
εȫҳѵң˵ûҽ̣ĸĲ̺ܽӡ֮
Ҿرȥļҳᡣ

ϷŬţð˼ЦЦ
ģұŻŻ˭֪ˡ

Ż˼ңͷСֲǼҳˡҸ
ʹǸ˵˵ŷ㡣

̫˰ɣСӴ

Ǵ֣˼ҾУ԰衣

˺ˣ˵ˣˣʲôرظŮ
ڿǲ۲۵ŮȨߡ

ŮȨƨ֪ʲôŮȨ˸ʶϹá

ŮƽȨŮԡ

ЦŮԣڹ˴ȣذ

Ҷ˵ԩˡҼˣҪ¶Ҿ
ˡˣ

УҲᣬҲᡣ¡ֽ˻ˣ
Ѿ˵һҵˣҲ˵һ

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ǲ˵˵ûɶ˼ġ

˰ûӦɴʵɣ㡣㡭½
Ǵʲôʱʼģ

붼û룺һ꼶

һ꼶һһ꼶Ǿ͡

ǰ죬ذ̺ˣ˵Сڣ
Ҹذ̽裬ˣ

𣿡

аǾͿʼϹŵĽһʼҲ˵
ģ֪ô͵ˡ¶ذ̲֪𣿡

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¶

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ǰ꣬ϸһʱ򡣡

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ⶼˡ

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аɡ룬˵һʼһĴΣһ
һΣٺһΡ

ôƵ費˵ʹҵĻ

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ʵģȷʵһ𡣺оҲô¡һ㶼һһ
ذɣżΡҪѧϰǰˣ½¶ֲ̫Ȥġ
ʵ̲סˡ

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ǲҪЩתһ»⣬迪ʵô㡭ʵ
סˣ

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شѽ

Ҿ㣬೤ʱŻ̲סҪ̲ס˻ô
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ⲻǹѧˡֿ˿ģʽ

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вĹ費õһ˦ƹһ

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ļֱ̫ѹˣ͸ˡ

ϰ߹Сʵʲôأ

ܡ

һܣ

Ц˵Ҳ

ϰһ£˵ͷתˡ



                             1.6



ԴӸڴϡġ֮ǵĹϵͱЩ΢ˡ

ǰװͰ͵ģһʵ㡻ı飬ڿҵ
һЩŹֵЦ⣬һ֡ϵҶ㡻ĴͲײһ
ײȭȻ˵һhey men ˡ

ҵȻ֪ʲôֳŬҪ㽻ѵĸоĺ
֣ΣԸһһţȻһСǷᰡ

һܱǸϰѧڵпˣʱ̫ˣ
ĲǺ룬ȻӰ༶ǰʮֱӵ˵ʮ

ǰڿɳϣĳɼβ˪
ǽ޵ӣһӣΥĴȵС
ôѧϰѽ

ƲüίͰ͵˵ѾŬˡ

ĳɼôôʵ

ǣ˸Ŭɡ

Ҳ֪˸Ŭѽ˵ѾǸˣҶ
̣ˮۣˣѽӣ

ףǡҲżѽĲ֪ô͡

ͷһֻϰ֣һ˵
ˣ㻹棡

ϰָæֻģùɼֹţҿ
ϣĲôѽ»صŬѽ

ҸϽӲŬŬһŬ

һѽɼ˻ҧгݵ˵⸸
һһˣҪҸˡ

ϰ˵ѽһû´οһ㲻ˡһ
Ķôѽ

Ҹæյԣḧĺģظһ飺

Ƴһۡ

ϰʵⶼˣûš

ҽ˵ѽⶼˣûš

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˵һ˵һءʲôԭĳɼµôҸոǰ
ϵˣ˵Ͽǻл㱵ģУô£

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Цõ˵ǡøڸ
˵¶أܱܲˣƶ졣ص˵Ϊʲô

Ϊʲôֹһ䣬Ȼصҡͷ̾Ҳ
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ѹ󣿡費ţһֺǺǵģһ߿
ӶûУѹȥˣ

ǡνĳɳķհɡ

һӣ뿪˷䡣ҿαϸ룬˵
嵽ΪʲôģһĪǻ
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ѵҵӡСֹֻһΣͬ½
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ϣҵһһԱȣȴʼ޷õȷ𰸡ﲻϵİ
οԼֻΪŮԵԸ壬豾

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ȴϵҪ̸̸ģҲʵѡ
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˼˿ء

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ϰԼһСʱ˫ֶ룬С˽һۣ
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ʲôѽ

˵˲ڼ̲Ҵҳ


һȻղڳһֱæģ

ʲô˲Ρڼ轡֥顢桢ң
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Сĺȣе̡

裬ⶼš

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Ⱥˡ

ճԱ˷ȲȥüͷܵĿܵ

ˡ

û취ֻܽӹԥ˰Σűӣֶֶֶ֣һ
ˡе֮⣬ڸеҲ

˰ɡ

迴һףͷ˵˾䣺úѧϰȻ˷䡣

ԭΪһʱѪû뵽죬ʲô˲ڼ
Һȡ˵еãȵѪӿ񿺷ܣ˵о
ѧϰˣǰЩһֱҿѹƵָȫǻ
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¸ѧȥˣڼ跢й½Ȼʵѡ
ϧСѾͷԴϴ֮󣬾ܵ˾ҵĵϷģ
û黰˵һѣβӲԣ޴֡

ϴûָˣֻԼˡֻԣ־
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ȷʵ̫ףԷˡ

ѧؼ֮󣬷ְ趼ûְצĵĸоˡҾ
񫷸˵ƵģڸĸǰǻﲻͣĸԼ
ȻѾӦ裬һҪŵԣҪסҪסٷˡ

ʱȻתҴһ飬æװ
ӣɳϡ

ˣһ߻Ьһߴк

ʱɵһƽʱϰԺĳ
˸߷ִˣǰɣһ㣬ǳ
ס˰Ųδڱ󣻷βңƽ˼
Ϣټǹ˵ĵۣԸеĺ촽Ķ˵ĳŮζ
쾡¡

ϰ΢΢ǰ̵ͦβɫխȹŵԲģ
Ʒ֭Ĵҡ޳ϸȴźɫ˿࣬ᱡ͸ɫ
ͷϸ߸ЬСɰĽѾںɫ˿ڣ⴦ֺ
Щ͸ʺɫָԼɼ

ǰͷֱ߶̷Ĵ˾ǵһμʵ
̫Ըˡҵ۾Щֱ˲Ӳˡе
ȵĿ⣬ͷҴ㶵ģɻ˾䣺ôˣ

ǿװ򶨣֧°ͣЦһΪ˭ҵĴߴ
أԭװ軻˷͡

ƶ졣ǴЦ⣬Сһ䣬Ȼվֱӣֲ
˸ͣЦʵô·ͻÿ

ÿĴָ޵֮ռ־ᶼÿ

𡣡΢΢һЦգգۣȻ͡

ʲô

㰮ԵСš

ţ

ôѽ

ǲԣǻе󡣡

һ٣˺ȵܻ衣

ֻŻȡֹӲģһΪ˲跢
֣Ƚļţװû¶ƵġֱתݣҲ͵
ճȭɳţҪ˷ܣɴܵ
ˮܣˮͷ

ëѽˮϴͷ⴫ľߵҵ
һѽҳ

ͷʪવģڴڴŴɢ裬Ѿ
Ʒ˿࣬˿ɵļҾӷͷĴˣʵ̫
ˣҸоԼҪֲסˣϽֽԴˮ棬һͨͳ塣

⺢ӣ

żٴνקãȻĵңʲôأ¸
ðѽ

ҡãȻؿһʱ֪ô͡

㵽ôˣǲʲô̼ˣе׷š

ǣҴ˵ܴ̼·̫ͣѿˣ

һʶ££ͷѿղŲ˵ÿ
𣿡

ÿʲôѽϽɣѿˡҿķǵ˵š

跭˸ۣߵƾʲôѽ˵ѿѿҾͦÿġ
ϲ

Уϲϲı㡣һСţһҲ
ȥںСֹ˾䣺ëѽ

ص֮󣬴ڴڵĴŴҲ֪ԼΪʲô˵Ľ
ЩˡҪ侲Ӱȴʼ
ԺǻšҰһ㣬ҵԽԽһŬ
Ҳ֪ⶼͽ͵ģΪļͣʼȥ
ڷǳҪʹʹķй

ڳʱħЭˣŵǱ븸ĸ
ңѰոջԭζ˿ࡣ

խȹƽعΨ˿ټײĶ
ˣ˿ûгϴô̵ʱ䣬Ҳܽ˿ϴˣΨ
һĿܾǲĳطСķţȴ裬
ҪһķԼĶӣҾôֵ

ȥڴҵ˫˿˿࣬صĿ湻
ġҷڱǰһڣǳŮ϶еζǴ
ŵֱͷˬУֱ˻ֱ¡

֪ԼԽԽ̬ˣ˼붷֮󣬻ǽĿ
˿ڴȻĵ뿪˷䡣֪ٷ֮ٻֵᷢģ
Ѿԣʲôܲˡ

صҲûżοϾҪҵʱ䲻ˣҲ
ôݲݵķйˣǴɻҲҪʽкеġ

ϰ£ˡԷʱЩĲɣӶǵ»ط
ο飬ӵģȲĸоѾõļ
ڿҪˡ

ʱ͵ңϾҽΪе̫ʣеǺ
ġ

ˣһصǰʼϰһҪ̵̣˯
̵û˴ŵʱ򣬲Ľԭζ˿ڼʹʹ
ķй

ǿѹͷ֮ʱ֮ƮȻĻŨļ
ζüͷһ壬಻Ե˵ѽ

轫ҸǰȻҪȣˣҪ
һȻ˵ȥ°ѧھͿʼһȻӪˣ㿴һȻ
пĳɼ˲ٰɡ

һȻúãͷĽëϵѽЩ
ģǡû˵ˡ

ôûϵˣЩôˣΪǺѽˡ

̫ϻˡ

ϻ㲻ȵˮѽ

ЩЦõ˵ǲˡѾҪ
ˣ͸ҩͰƵģٺƾҪԭرըˡ

費õ˵Ҳһڹ˾æҪҪģ˻
ø˷ҪѾĸ㰾Ҳˣ

Ҿôһ˵ʲôѽҺȣҺȻӹ
űһûһ;ŻůġⲻڸҲ
ԣֱڸ

貢ûżȥһʵûʵ㣿
û°ɣ

ʵҺʵһ¶ûǡҲҿۣϾող͵
һԭζ࣬Щ顣

̧ͷḧһ£˵һ̣ҧҧ
ȥˡ

ǣָĸǹӳ츾еѬ
յģ߸ǵķۡΪ˲跢ֶߣץ
ֱһ£ʹʱұЩѡ

ʲôأһ

ڼо񡣡Һ˵

оҲòԲаɡ㡭𶯣𶯡˵һ룬
Ȼɫ䣬ܵ˾ţ˵

ôˣҲһ

Ѫˣ𶯡ͷͷ

ҵǱ𶯣ͷѽĨһѣȷʵѪˡ

˻ˣƤءϽͷЦõķҵ
ǰбһַҵͷһȥֽҾӷ
ͺܿɣ£ɫİŵķ鷿΢΢׹俴
ͷƬѩУԲ˫鼷һƤϸ۹⻬
׻λҫֱҵѪ˲ӿͷĿѣ޲ýȥ
鹵

ôԽԽˣֽסҵıӣϱЩ壬
Ǳŵˡɹ˲ֹѪ۾ֱڵ
أգ᲻òգһ¡

ңɻôôѽĿͣһ
漴Ӧ˹ͷһԼڴ˲һ죬Դ
һ£Ķأ

һűӣһԴʹ˵ʱء

ʲôûзӦ

軳̵Ƕʱ⡣

ģҲǣҲǣȻˣС
治֪㵽˭

Ұ֡

ֲŲôҪء

ôܽвҪأһ˵֡

ˡֱֳֽҵϣЦ
˵ȰѱѪɾ˰ɡһϵ룬Сֹ˾䣺
ܺˣе󡣡

ֳֹţֺʲô˲ڼģܲҾ˵
㲹ɣ²ͷٳˡ

ҿ鲻ܲšת˷䣬һҩ
ˣҼ򵥴һ£ֹס˱ѪʱҪѧϰˣ
Ϣ

Ѿ͵ıԵǰ뿪Ҿó͵ԭζ࣬
ڴߣڿһҲ˲ʲôʽˣԺĻ滹û
ʧĽ˿ڼӲϣ˿ĦŹͷϸ
ˬУֱݣһŲһһģЩô
˳

סŰں˿µߣ
һͷ⴦ڱ棬һڣ΢лƤζ
˲˱ǻԺŸղŵĻ棬ǻԲ鷿һ
˷ܼ̼ҲϼӿߣٶȣĿдӺֱԡ

һ˿ζһ߷ߣﲻĳ
ӣ贩ƷװҵĴϣôź˿ĿɰСż
ļͦнĸҽ㽻ҵ˫˫ϸĺ˿
ظţ˿ϸĴС

ڳʱıͣûһܣֻ㷢йߣ
ٶԽԽ죬ҸеҪϮʱ򣬷źȻƿŵĻ
һ£ܵץԵУ׸ס壬ﰵԼɵƣȻ
š

ڱŷţ貢ûпҵľٶһһʣ
·𣿡

ûСҵһƬհףڷţȼнӽӲ

ѰһȦץУӣԹˣ
ûСҪߣȻҸУףʵ಻ࣿ

࣬һ㶼ࡣţݷϣϽ뿪

֪ǲƳҵɵĿңʵʲôأ

ûʲôҡоҡڤ롣ҵ
Щˡ

˵û˵һץסӣһ·
ԭζ˿ļͦôı¶ǰڹ
ڼȻһһ˳ŨȳľҺʵʵ˺˿
һУȫ迴

ҲҿصĴƬ֮
·Ϻݺһңת뿪ķ䡣

߳нɢȥԼԴץ˸У
군ˡ



                             1.7



һҹڻ̿жȹǵûжִңûһ䣬
ĺܺؿֹܻܲеˡ

峿û緹һͳϰȥˡϰԹţ
˵Ե޹ʵķƢһǲˡȻ
ûиϰ¶Ҿ͸ʵʵ˵ˣʹҴѧ
ȥˡ

һ죬Ҷڻججжȹ֪衣

Ƣ˽ģرִֵͣƢһ٣ǻ
ãһԵսȥҸ˴ܣϴһ
û˵Һû˵źڵġ

һأϴλҪࡣ

͸һһ˵һ仰żһ
ۣҲǿһѸٽƿ

СҶıӣ˽Ϊ
ңϰ֡һǵһμﲻ
Щľɥĺ費ٰˡҪǸϵĵǸ
֪οڡ

ڻ̿жȹ죬ֱѧ߳Уʱӷײһ£
ʾҿǰ̧ͷһƣϲķ֣ĳͣ·ߣڼʻϣ
һỵ̂һִڳĳϣϼŸ󡾵ޱ


ʱ裬գյ˲ɢҹ˲ͬ
ӷ𣬿첽ܵ˳ߣ΢΢һһĵ˵Ϸү밲

轫󡾵ƣͷһۣʾϳƨƨߵ
˸ʻλϣӣȻɹź˪Ѿ
Ҫֿˣҷѧ˵Ѿԭˡ

ϣҵĸϴˣ첻ֱƯˡҹȵ˵

бؿһۣû˵ƨԽ
ļƼֶվһϤӰǸڹݺҵ
Ů

裬ͣͣҴ

һɲŤͷŭңë

ָŽֶ棬͵ǸŮݺҵġ

˳ָķȥʱŮѾʧ˷ѧ˳֮С
һȦҲûҵüôˣ˵˭ѽ

ҹ˲Ͻͣ򿪳ȥܵѰңϧΧǷ
ѧؼҵͬѧ˰ҲûҵӰɥĻصʣ
أ

ҡˡüί˵

ٸס

һҪͣãĻָ˻ȥ

뿪ѧУתֺҷ·߲ԣȥĶ
ĿǰûҡֱĿĵأһ԰СƣС
ٴѯʣ裬ʲô

û˵

裬òǲҪ˰ɣǲѽ

費ͷصһۣôôϻ˵ܱѽ

ƽʱͿʼƶ˵ƤˣЩ£Ͻ
ӣϡ

ȳ֮ͦ󣬸һӭǵһ긾Ů
С˼䣬Ҹһ䡣Ƿֳִװ޵
ܱ£мڷһɳΣʶԭǴҽ
ˡ

긾ŮɳϣʼĿĵ˵һСʱʱ
˵˺ܶ࣬Ҷڷܣ̸ʲô
ǲסˡ

̸֮긾Ů̸ͬ˰СʱʱѾ쵽Ͼŵ
ˡ

뿪ڳϣ˭Ҳû˵

ĥŸЩʲô⣬εļž跴ȿˣ
ôĮղҽרԸѧ
ͦġ

Ŷװģĵ˵ͷ

̸֮󣬸оûа

аɡ

ʲôлУ

ǡС

ٴĬָһһнûỵ̂һ
صӡκƽ˵ҽң㾡ķ飬
Ҫйѹ

Ŷ

軹˵Щʲôſڶû˵ֻظһ䡺
Ҫ̫ѹȻؼˡ

Ȼѯҵ̬Ȳδƣ֮ǰ΢
ˡǰҺ辭һЩ֮˴ŵСЦȴǰ
ЦڿңһЩżӴԵúܽš

֪ҽĵĿ϶ֹ߿ϵ£ЩΣԲ
ø˵Ҳ֪ԼΪǲԵģҲڻ
νġơ

תۼ˰£ȥѯ˵Ǯû
׻ҽһģ˲١

Ϊתעҽеľѧϰϣ½˲úˡ
û뵽׷Ÿңûûˣˣ¶û¶
ҸǰգƴʾѾܾûȥӰˡ

ԼŮú廹ҪģǰƱԼ
͹㳡

Ϊϴε飬ҶԹЩӰؾͽǰԼص㡣
ôɣҴ԰СʱȻڳܡ

ٲˣҸû˵ϲ㡣

дЩɳƣɰַǳĶ졣ûǸСħŮ


æѭȥȻ

ֻСħŮŷۺɫ£ţп˶ЬͷźɫѼ
ñ˫ֲ¿ڴﴵǣ۾бӣ鲻мǰ
վһһͷķ⽡˶ǿͷһ
ġ

㲻ϲңΪʲôÿԼ㶼ӦԵЩ

СħŮСһм˵ֻҪϻǮһԼ
ҲӦġ

~ ⻰˵ã˶̫ˣ˵Ǵˣ
׵ָСħŮŭ㡭治Ҫ

ŲҪأһ׷Сƨɺ֣
ĶأҾѽҪٸңҾͺѽ

Ҳ٣ָ߸߾ҪСħŮţͷЦ
ϣŮѽ~ 

ҲǣҲǣ˰죬˦ҧ
ݵ˵˶˵Ԯһš֪ˣǸˡ

СħŮ˫ֲ嶵˵ԣǼˣҸԮϴθ˿
ʱ򣬻Ҳ˿ء

Ҳɵüͷһ壬룬Ѿͷ칻ѽ⻹̣

ͨ죬һ߬סڣŭ˵һԣ

СħŮܵ΢΢ЦҶһԣұ֤
ӱ䣬ɨңɵһ漴ֽĸ
ɨɿ˹ֻСһҵ󣬴ſǻ
ίͰ͵˵磬۸ҡ

˭˭˭磿

һûӦôأ̤ĸ˹´һ
üͷһ壬ʣ˭

¶ûɶϵҲͽ˵̬ʵЩ˲ˬ
һǺ˭ѽ

٣첱Ӵֻ֣ţ۵ɣʲôϵ

Ҹû

Ҹ磡Ҹ㣬Ҹȭ֣Сĵ㣡СħŮ
쳤˲ӣ˵Ƶζ

֪뽫ˮҲŲϵأæֽƿ
˵ʲôʱˣݰ

СħŮǴһתۼ˫§סҵĸ첲
Ͱ͵˵磬۸ңҴ

ҪըˣһûѾ˹ָҵı
ҲģĶģ

ҲģĶģ

֪ǸᣬʱҲòŽˣǵøһܲˡֻ
ԷĿͷе󣬱Ҹ߰ͷˣҪԿ

ǰһҪźƵĴˡ

Ҵǲ

趯һԡȻе𣬵Ͼˡ

Ҳ٣ţѽ㣡ĸѧУģ

ĸѧУģֶһԡ

ţһԣ˵һԣ

ţˣ趯һԡ

赽ĶģţƵ㣡

ͻȻ֣˺ûпôţƣ˰ĵҲ֡
ҲãҪҲռʲôˡ

ĥŸθ˫һ̨ף֮ʱߴԽֻ
СħŮ֪һ軨Ƶߵһ㶣漴
ӦæһСġ

ۡһѾصĺϣһҽУ
˵ϡ

Ͻѽʲô㰡

һûӦôأСħŮѾקסҵǰˡͷȥ
һӵѪڵϣ˫ֱͷطһʱ侹Щ֪룬
ֻϡͿĸܡ

һ֣ҸоЩˣȴеӡ
˦֣ڴڴ˴СħŮͣ½Ųת
ʿɲ̫ѽҪ˴Ƶý֢໤ˡ

̧۵Ŵ˵㡭ٸҡҪǡ㣬
ҷšǺ𲻣ҡҸг𰡣㡭һֱݺҡ

˭ҸءСħŮͷһᣬ˸ۡ

˭磡

ѽСħŮ΢΢һЦ

ү

ûүи硣СħŮɴˣ

ٸһףҸ˵鷳ˣϴݺңݺ
ңôɣ

СħŮ˫ֲ¿ڴͷѾߣƲƲ죺
ô

˵أװһݺݵӡ

СħŮ̧ͷһЦҸ˯һɡ

ұ˵ˣðŻĽϵ´һ飬
ƴĿɰСƯϸȴŹǵĸо
ۺֵĻ½֮ϡ

ǡҪô˵ĻҲ˼ԡ֪ڸˣ
򣬲档

СħŮתֶߣҸϽ׷ȥסû˵
أĶѽ˵ɣʲôʱ˯

ھȥСħŮʾҿ棬һҿݾƵꡣ

ǣĻͦ档У۾Ϳ˭˭

ͬһߵƵſڣͣ½Ųң˵ȥ

ûаԥ߽˴תҡҸ׼ŽȥȻ
ЩԾѾͷ߶߶ģܾôռ˰ɣ϶ʲ
ôıѲɡ

һ֤ͣûУǰŸ˵ҹƭŮ
ƺҲϴˡ

ҰûСԴһ޹ʵôˣô

ԾơѽѾԼˣû뵽
һѲġҿ˼֮ʱֻˡͳרŸ
˻һ룬½ģԼ¶ء

绰½ҳһ٣ǸҲ֪ôģȻҵ
ݵĸоҶϵ绰֮󣬶СħŮ˵м¶ƽˣ
ǵ˸㡣

˵תߣû뵽ȴҹӿŲҪ˦
ȴʼղĸԽԽ죬СܣֱԼ۵
ģû¶һ

һεĿ㵽ʲôģ

û˵˽ǣһۺɫݡúܿ
ƫƫһ첻ߵģջۿҪĿĵˣ
ôСβȥ½϶Ҫ鷳ġ

ô˦½ĵ绰ˣ˵ǵӰҪʼˡҿ
һʱ䣬뿪һСʱôżҹȥӦбĿ

ŮǽȵвһҪæǸ档Ц
Ÿ

޺Ĵ۾һ޹ĿңͻȻˣž
һճƯСϡ

ãӲԣǸƤҩ

ʵû취ɴ಻ˡǰߣںԼĿĵ֮
½һŭԹʱܱģе⹤򣬶׾
ˡ

һûüͣѾע⵽˸ԵСħŮɻʵ
˭ѽ

ҽһԣ˵Ҹ˵ģڹݺҵǸ
Ů

½Щȣ˰

ϻ㵱ƭ˵ѽʶôˣһȥ
𣿡

½ؿңԥ˵ᡣ

ҿЦã˵ˣû

ڸ㣬ʲôأ½ʡ

ô֪˾͸񾭲һҿЦ˵

ʱСħŮȻʵҪȥʲô

½붼û룬Ťͷش𣺡ǵȻҪȥӰ

ѽϽԴתԹ˵Щ

ô˵𣿡½ɵʵ

ǵѽ

Ŷ½ŷӦ

ŶͷѽϽ취˦

½һۣû˵ģ㸺˦

Ҫа취Ͱ˦ˡεĿЦһ

ô죿

ô죬ϹתŰɣ˵ȻˣԼˡ

ò׳Լһλᣬô鷳¡½С䣬
ͻȻ̧ͷɵʵǲ˼ˣҪ˼Ϊɶ˼Ҳұ
ˣרŲ㣿

̫ˣʲôˣѹͲʶ

ҲŲء

˵½ɻ󲻽⣬ԼأĶðһѾͷô
ᡣ

Ƕ磬ôһСβͣ˵ıŤ
ûˡôĿĵ̳ֻǸţ˵ʱ
һͰˡ

½һҵ˼˫ЬҼӰҪˣ㡣
ӵСħŮ֪ʲôʱʧˡ

ѰӰ½һ˵˲ˣ㻹
ء

ҵʲôͻȻһ

ȻĩⲿӰӳܾˣ˲ǺܶࡣΪұģ
ԶƱʱһƫƧĽ䣬ȥ֮Ҳûɶˣ
ˡ

ӰûãҾͿʼ½Ͽֲʵϸ
СȥζѾиоˡ

½һĽƿ˵أȥһȥúÿӰ

ٴδȥ߹ܵӰԺ￴Ӱ˷
ѽȥٿɡһ˵ţ˳ȥƸɫ
۵Ůϣ

ѽôôᡣ뿴ⲿӰܾˣвС

Щ죺Ӱİ

Ӱʲô

һΪϴڵӰԺ̼ء

ΧһƬܸоСķ̡ճȭͷ
һ£ܲܲôᣡ֪һˣ淳

û취ָֻܰӲѹȥֱ׼Ӱ
ȴķ֣߲֪ʲôʱ򣬶һ

ŵĲϸһȻСħŮҲĵ
ʵôģ

˻ĵӰƱƱѽƱԱҳÿɰ
ۡ

Ҽ˭ˣ㲻ô֪ǿⳡӰ
ģ

СħŮ˵µѽֻⳡӰʺ¹ۿˡ

һֱҵʲôѽܺ𣿡

ѽ

½ע⵽߶ŤͷҲһľô

ҵ˵ô֪һء

ôһݵġ

ҿЦ֪ѽҶ챻Ʒˡ

㵽ô˼ˣǲǵϷ˼ˣǲ˴ˣ½
ңơ

¶ȥ˰Ķôѽ

ΪʲôҪ㣿

ȥ

Ƭ̣½̽ӣֱСħŮͬѧǼС
ôˣΪʲôҪѽ

ϲ

СħŮĻشɴ˵½ˣҶһ¡

㡭½Ƭ̣ҪߣҸæסο
Ϲ˵ܻ𳵣ûһ滰ˡ˵ˣϲң
ֲϲ

½ϲ㣬ܵǲǣ

ʲôõġô˵ȴЩǷǡ

ѵΪϲңԲŲҵģȷʵͦƯͦɰģ
Ҫǲô߶߶ģСҲͦġ

Цʲô½ʵ

Ц𣿡

ЦˣЦĻô

ˣϹˡӰӰ㲻һֱ뿴ⲿӰ𣿡

˵˵Ž½ҾеˣŮм䣬
Ҵһ¡СħŮֱߣһ仰Ҳû˵
ӰƵģ½ֱߣȻ۵ɵôģڳһרעӰ
ӣд֡

Ϊ˻գҲԵӰ²ۣܶ½
ЦֹȴʧˣľͷһǶûһ顣

ҿ˼ڤ룬ôĵʱ򣬴ͻȻһͷһ
ƣһֻѩϸСҾ㵵ŤͷȥСħŮҲڿң
ʲôûһ쳣򶨡

Ҳ֪ʲôûʲô¶ҪֹŮСѾ
䣬Ϊ˶Եʣûһñ˽ȥС
һ·ɲ

ŮСסͣ£Ĵָסͷۣ
ϸϸ࣬ò֮֡Ǳϸĸоˬ
Ҳ˳ͽ𣬽ͦһС

֪Բ⣬оʵ̫ˣŪֹټ
ŮѾߣ͵Ĵ̼ĸоֱҲ˷ӳ
Ļ½ȻûвΪ˱ҽ׻Ͱ֮
ϡ

Ůҵİߣ۵СżӲߣ
죬һ⡣ҵ߬סӷֱ֣
ֺʹþȫסǿ⣬ȴ
߳һ

½Ťͷʵôˣ

͵鱻ץУŵĺëˣ򶨵˶ȣ
յĸǰסߣЦ˵еûš

ϽȥŸʲô½һۡ

ҡӰʣȥɡ֪һĺýڣ
о̫ˣʵе㲻ᡣ

Ͻȥɣëˡ½˵

ҲΪźܴ̼ϸŮ죬ȴİŮ
οֱСӰŻֵڡ

ŮСԽԽ죬ҵĿҲѸٻۣʵͲ
ס֮ʱȴȻֹͣ˶ִҵĿĳ˳

ֱڰյĸоֱΰĿ
գ˫аĴ۾һ޹ңղŵѹ
ûϵƵġ

ѽȴп˵ʵû취ˣȥ㣬
Լ˳ĺܲʹ죬ͺһζͳԵһ룬ͻȻ
ϯĳ˴ֲ赭ʵڽ˻

ʱŮûֵľٶٽβʱ
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˭֪ܾǸ񾭲ɡЩ飬ȴĻζŸղ
Ƿʴǵĸо

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Ҳְ˼졣Ҹ˼ţĸ
ﴫϰֵŭƬô£˵

ҺöһۣԵЩɻϰڼˣƽʱ˵
ĵģƵģӡǵһΡ

صѾˣڸͻ̸
ҵ񡣡

̸ҵҪȥƵ𣿹йŮȥƵ꿪̸ҵƭأ˵
˶˵ȥʲôͷ㡭㡭治Ҫ

Һôյǰֻϰ־żƬ࣬鼤
ԲĿҲһŭݡһȥ
ûǵ¶

ϰֻͷһۣתϣֿʼ

öƬ̣̲סСʵ𣿡

óƬ̣˵ǡȥƵ꿪

˵ұϣûӰ¶Ϲ˵

û˵ҵġĬƬ̣ɥ˵
ºˣϰ͵飬˿ǿ϶Ҫˡ

˵ˣûӰ¶Ϲ˵ôôѽ

úݺݵصһۡʱҷŴ򿪣ϰַŭ
ӶЬûͳ˼š

໥֮С
ڴϣϢأӾĲᡣ

ǼƬɢڵϣҼһۣȷʵƷ˿߸Ь
裬Цݵĸһ߽˾Ƶ꣬Ǹ˺죬ϴγԷ
ʱǸͬѧǸʲôƨܡ

ȻƬԣ˼粢˾Ƶ꣬뵽ǣƬ˭
ĵأ


                             1.8




ôжƬһüͷԽԽյ
ԣȰο裬ҿ϶վߡ

ͷҲأû˵˾䣺һ߶ȥ

ŵòһ˵һߡҼԱ̲סЦݺ
صһۣСԴһ˦ʾϡ

ͷ֯һԣȻڴߣ˵裬
Ұôˣɹġ

иƨá豳ңɳŭ

裬⻰˵Щ˰ô˵ҲǼĳӣĺ
ܣ㽫Ұ飬ҲܰһƲѽ

ңøźһ䡣

ûҡļ򣬲ͣ׷ʣ˵ǲǣ裬˵
ǣ

͵üͷ⺢ôôѽܲ
ܳȥҰһ

ƤЦߣ§סļ򣺡ֻã
ĽڸǱĸ֮ʱˡ

бһۣô𣿡

ҽƬǰҿ԰ѽƬĵô
ҷǳᣬһͲĳģ϶ʱԤı

ޱĶƬһֽ˹ϸơ
һָ㣺裬ƬĽǶȣƬĽǶȣǴ
طյģ϶õģһһˡ

û˵üȴ

ǲǸʲôгѽ

бңⱲĳˡ

ЦˣҸ˵ء

Ƭ룬˵ЩϵĽӴƼˮ֮꣬
ʲôʲôԹġ

ƬǴĶģ

ġ

֪Ǽҵַǿ϶ͦġ

ϻ

ҳһ£СʵȥƵ￪Ϊʲô
ѽ

ңüʵ˭ȥƵ￪ˡ

Ҽ׷ʣȥƵʲô

ϵ飬ʲôϵ

ⲻڰҷˡ

Ҳæô˹ֽƵһߣӲ
Щײ˸ͷ

𣺡ʲôʱˣ֣˼Σ˵ǹ˾
ǹ˾ҵĿȥƵһؿ̵ġ

ȻԲ죬õ֤ʵ̲סس
һЦŶ˵ʵ¶ͦ򵥵ģ͵
ƬĵǼҪƻϰֵĹϵ

ߵһͲµˣ˵

ǣŮŲߡⲻԣ


賤̾һֲǵء

ҰСۣ侲ˣҲ¡

ҾôˣɹģҾô˷ģ
Խ˵Խ

ҸæϰֽͣҰСе塣ñ
ְ࣬λֱߣûӡ

ûӣҾ͵ôְؼҸǵѽ

˳ĺ󱳣ЦȰ

úȻʵ裬ƬˣǲǶ˼ѽ

һۣʲô

Ǿš۾һת󡣡

ˣûǵ¶ˡСӱʹ˵¶ѧ
ϰȥ轫Ƭʰֵظǳȥ

ٳʱͷʵ裬Ҷˡ𣿡

費ͷ˵ԳԳԣ֪ԣͶ̥ѽҷ췳ˣ
ĶйźǡԼȥ

Ŷ

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һǾƬϵǸһɫеӣ϶
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أòĵҡ

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¶ҪɳģһҲȡ

˵˭һóѡһҪ
ֹ顣

УģġϽȥɡ

Ȼô˵ǿ賳ܣҵﾹȻЩССİˬ
ԽԽ顣Ȼ֪뷨Ǵ治ģҾ
סȥ롣

ϰҹңȵࡣȻԹչ˵΢

һѧǸصСħŮٴγ˻ؼҵ·ϡ˫ֲ
¿ڴվڽֵԣ·ʱβר
ڵһ

Ҳ֪ҵӰԺǷ񣬵
˻ζ

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۲ѽ

һ㶣۲ңʲôù۲ġ

ʳϰߡԸ񰮺ã۲һС

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ʲô˼ǱǣűߣΥĵ˵˾䣺

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١

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ϡ

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һ֣߽һ˶װ꣬Щƣûü
ʣͼһ˶㣬ԵԱ˵ùˣԼԴ
ˡ

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ᵼԱСħŮһͬ¼䣬ƵǽϣӾ
ȥҿӡҺʵ㾭𣿡

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ʱа˿ˮͬڿһʱ
ѳʰ벪״̬

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һߣ˺͵ĹͷϣȨ֮á

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˰ӣ֮͵һ㡣

۴ľӨҺ壬ŮСŪ˳ҵĺ﷢
˺ߺ˫ֽգȱֱһ

СѾͷַʵ̫ˣֻ֣Ⱥ½Ҫˬ

ҵͷС鵭Ȼ峺о
鷴󡣲֪ģҵﾹȻһ˿֮УҪ
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СħŮ򶨣ԾнŪŵȴŵòᣬæ˵
һ£ӿסˡ

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С

ҪߴЩ֮ʱŮǰ㣬Сȵı
Ϣڹͷϣˬʹһ顣Ƭ̺ſС죬סͷ
ԱƵһ˱ţϸ۵ײһҾ
һ㣬飬ѣЩ߳

Ůһ±˻ȥڹⶺһ¿ɰС
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СħŮһЦüǮ

Ǯ

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ôڵϣ̧ͷңʲôҲû˵ҼֱҪƷˣ
ûôǮ

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УǷģǷġ㡣

СħŮٴſСͷУ۵۴
ֵһ͵ͦǰӲС

Ů̧ˮĴ۾ңһίͰ͵Ŀģֻϧǵû
лҵͬ飬ҵһͦʪȻĿǻ
˺

ŮСЩ죬ûз˫ҵĴȣ̧
ҡò˵⸱ģĺջ𣬻εıϷˣ
̲סһͦһͦĿʼHŪС졣

ŮСģȴûκԹ˫סغ裬
ų壬Сţͬʱÿͦ룬С඼
ͷǻʣһ
㣬޲ýȫȥ

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ұסСԴʼͦHŪٴδԱǸ
Ǻ𣿻Ҫ·ء

һHŮС죬һҧгݵ˵ϡϾͺá

ϰԱԹ

һ֮ͦͲססСԴƽ
ǻֱͦһɹɵŨҺӿŮҵĴȣһ
һµ䶯ţҺȫȥ

Ůͷͷ˲дľҺȫУȫϴɾ֮
Ż˳ҵһѣΣһƮƼøС
ò˵ܹ̼һ԰顣

ǵ׺ûУ

ԱڴߴˣҸæÿӣһݣȻ߳
¼䡣Ůվ棬ǡϾ˻£е飬
Ǹ˵˼·ӻˡ

Ӻ𣿡һŮЩʵ

̫ϣ´ΰɡҽӵ˹ȥСħŮߡٳʱ
Ȼֽſڵ¼ƵȻת˳ȥۼԱ
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һû׷СħŮͣ½Ųתһֻ룬˵
ҪĻʱıѾͷˣȫ㲻
Ϊ߼˰죬Ϊôһͻ

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ڱ༭ƺʱ򣬺Ȼ֪ʲôأ̧ͷѯʡСħ
ŮԴתת˵ŵ

֡

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ɣ˹ȥ˳豳վڳǰ
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˼

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زסħƵģΧȹϵһϸҵԺﲻܿƵ
СڣʵĶӴӺ汧סĸףĸ׵
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һ¡һͷңüܺӣ
һ

кˣûһƬкõĻƹϣ߽ʣ
ʲôأô񣿡

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ˣһдʲôҵѽ

Ҫٺ˵˵˺졣

ΪЩĪƬϰֺ뵽ս֮УҺĹϵ
ǻ˲١ղôΣǰСЦˡ

վԣʵҰֻأǻûͺأ

轫кõĲʢûҡ

Ҽ׷ʣǲǷɵûҰ˵ѽ

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ϵġװһϳɳصģĳȰ裬Ҿʱ
̫ǿˣ仰˵£Ҫ

һҲ飬Ĳ˵ݺݵضڰϣԱ˳
ãһϹ£ӵ¶õ⹦
ѧϰϵ¶Ҿ㣬ؿԣĳɼҪµ
ˡ

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ѼͥոôʵûѧϰˣԲȰ䣬
ʲôѽ

û˵ôȥȰ֣ŶŶҵĴǲ

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ˣˣƶ죬ϽȥɡЩͷˡ

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Եһ£漴͵ؽƿԾŵĿңŷӦ
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صϰߵſϰңػ̨
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˵Ҳ߿Ǹϴǻһֵ𣿡

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Ҫ¶Բ֪ǾҪġ

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ǲǽаŵѽ

ϰһ˫ĿԲ㡭ô֪ģָˣ

ţ˼䡣

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׼Ϸʰ꣬ԡߣ׼ϴ裬
һ䣺һ׼

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䷿ſһڵ첽˳
Ĳֻץ輸ϵңӹˡ

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ϵֻΪԵʣʪľס˰Բ
ı˫強һ鹵ɫϸ弡͸ź
ڣɢӻζ

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ݣ͵Ĵ򿪣輱Ҵҵ˵ֺȶڷ˴ܣ
˴ҽԺˣȻһҽԺȥ

Ұָ˴ܣ΢΢üЩš

ѽϽ·ȥߴһ䣬ת׼·֪
ԡҵЬЩˮ֮¾Ȼһ˸Ľų죬
ЬɳԶ

ҸæȥȴƼ˲˵Ļ棬ԡ°ڣ
ΪԵ˼֣Ĵһ죬ֵ¶
ѩ

ֻһۣЩѪɫ죬Żŵԡסȣ
ǳ⣺ۣ

ҸæĽ۱ϣŵĻȴӡԺȻ̱
ð棬ֻ¶˱ɽһǣƵʵʵڣ߸¡
ڴѩɫмһյϸڰݣְۣɸɾ
ǸճĴͷؼǣȻëǸ׻

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ϰֺȵ࣬ѪĵڲϣɳѾˣ˵
Ǹֵ꺺ӣȥ͸һ⣬ֱӰ˸ˣҪ
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ϣ趼ŭŸ꺺ֳۣŭ
亱ġͻȻоǸƽǽϰֹܵģƢĸ
ϻʵǷǳϰֵġ

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ӸˣһѪ

Էͽ⣬ͬ⣬һҪ߷;һԵɳ
ͣϡ࣬Ǯˡ

ôһ֣Ĺϵ࣬Ȼǻϲģһۣ
ˤĻ棬һʼң赽ǲǰ


ԽԽķԽķԽ֪𰸡һ棬ֲϵĻζСħ
ŮҴĴ̼ˬУһͣĶϢѧϰѽӻɫ˼룬
¶쳣궯ֱ˰צĵĵز

죬̲סˣŤŤĸСħŮȥ˵绰СħŮ
һַҷѧ֮ԥ˰죬ջǵв
ȥ

һϾɵľ¥ǰҼСħŮŵſɵ˶º;
ֿ㣬Ϸɫ˶ЬͰɫ࣬˫ֲ嶵бҲ֪Ϊʲô
һͻȣڡ

ҲǸշѧ𣿡ûһ

ѽ

һΪ㲻ѧءϷʵһЦ

û˵ת˶¥ߵķӡֱߵж
ӵɳϣվǰҴһЩžɣȻһ
ȾûʲôƽӦǿûס

ңҺʵ

̼ңүү֮Ҿ͸̰ᵽ󲮼סˡŵ
һ˵ţһߵһˮڵ¯ա

ҸоЩֵֹģȴ˵֮֡󣬼ղŵĻ⣺
סأˣ

ûشߵҸǰ۵һʲô

Ǯأ

˺ðŷӦæ˵ģ˲˵ģ
ˡΪ˳Ｏʣҿ˲ٵصƱʵۡС
ħŮ͸Ʒһһմ񫣬䶼䲻ˡ

Ƿ֮ȲʵʲôŤͷ˿
ӣһؼңǲҪֱϴˣ

Ҫдҵûʱ䡣

Щҽʲôأ

ҹСħŮһӣҲ֪ˣʲôУ
Сĸ˹ȥ

ӦǰңһŴһǽſϺСħŮ
ߵԣ˵һæ

üʵЩãȻ˵Ԯôֵ𣿵ǰ
ᵽ˴ߡϣڴͳ鱾д
ҵʵ̲סˣ㵽ʲôѽ

дҵѽ̧ͷңһȻı顣

ҹǰ̧дҵѽ

СħŮһߵͷдҵһ˵ѿˣ档

ͷʲô

ʡ

Ҷԥ˰죬ǽȻ°굽棬
ϰ©档˵ʵĸоЩ֣Ҷ֪Լʲô
ˡ

ˣ㵽ʲôѽ˻~ Ŷ~ 

˵һ룬СħŮͻȻŰɫĿɰСѾȵҵļϣ
ţͻУˬͷһò˵Ļ
ģͿڽŮ㽻һָоˡ

һĲ̤֮ԭſſӲ߸
һСħŮʲôûƵģͷдҵ
ȴҽѹ¶ˣ²̤˶Ƥϡ

СħŮǲŷһ̤ƵģѹŲһһֿ
ֺͷ״Ĵָʳָָ⣬һ۶šҸоС
еͣŰɫܸ࣬оŮĵ¶ȣҲ˵
ϣʮֵˬʮ㡣

Ŷ~ ̲סһʵĶѧô໨ѽ
~ 

ûлش𣬴ҳͬʱҲ˽Ҿô
ϣѾĲ̤񣬳ʼĴ̼֮󣬲֪ΪΣȻ
һ˿ˬС

һ֮󣬰СѾͻȻһȻһһң㹭ϳһ
µСѨļסߣ

ˬı飬̲סץסСţȻ࣬
оģģܿɰ°ڶСѾСħŮҲû
ֹС档

һ֮ͻ룬߬סڣҪСħŮƽ
⣬СѾһ̧˳Ʊѵ࣬Ȼװ۵ĽѾ²
ҵļϣ̡һָоˡ

ò˵ŮĽѾĺܺãӨۣ͸죬ûһӲ
ʣȻûͿָͣ޼ȷʵʮָɾ࣬羫һ㣬
ƢĿ

ŮĵƤǳϸۣγϸ΢壬
˱ĿС𤻬Һ䵽СѾϣ
ãHѨһ㣬Խ˳½㽻ʹʱ˿
ֱر

ŮĹѾŪʮӣҵۼ
֪ԼҪֲסˣ˫ץסŮ۽Ѿͦ
HŪСѨٶԽԽ죬ս㱳һߣͷ
ס۵ŮģйɵţһɹŨȳľҺ


ҽϰ̧𣬹Ųӣҧأֱнȥ˻ȥ
СħŮȴʲô鶼ûƵģƽҵѾɲڰļ
ϣ˿ӽ𤻬Һ



                             1.9



ŵĴСһͨ֮ʱõ˷й

Ѿͷһϵг˵ΪҸеĺ档ûż뿪
ͷдҵʱ

Щʮļ¥ִ٣ҺܴǽƤѾƣû
װޣҾߵһӦȫɫתһڿ
ӻԿһȫҸǰλˣ̫̫ﱧһ߰С
Ѿͷüܹ֮ŵӰӣվŮһλʮ
꣬ǶԷ򸾣Ӧþĸĸˡ

ŵ賤ĺƯ߷ƣְŽ˿۾
˹˹ĵӣͻ٣ŮƶȶСƬ
ϸƣΪ˵ĸ׸ϰһλģǰҲ˵

һһӡҲûУȻӦǴμϰֺͰŵ
ֵʱϰֲ˵ȥĸ߿ôղ
˼ĸĸһ

˵ģϰһ˵˼ٻϰôڵģ϶й
֡ѲĿͻҪĻҺϰԮͬһ
Ů

Ҳ֪ΪΣҵﾹȻһǿҵļʸ

֮ʱŵӷ˳ѾЬӣǹŽ
ѾûдӣӦѾʰɾˣһŨЬ϶
ܲġ

ҸæƬ£װû¶һЦһûһдҵ


СħŮûңֱӴ˴ţȻתңҪ뿪
֪ʣʲô˼

Ҫҹ𣿡

ʵǲߵģȻСŲ˳Щδ
ĸоӣҲûȥ˼ûȤˡ

֮ʱ̲סͷ˾䣺һס

ŵգŴ۾ңûлش

ҵ˸׼뿪ٶȻͷЦϴβ
˵Ҫ˯һʲôʱѽ

СħŮ΢΢һЦƭģ㵱ѽ

ǣˡҼˣô˵㻰ѽ

ҴҲû˵˵㻰

ãһƤġ

ԥƬ̣ת֧ǡ㿪۰ɡ֪
ܶԲ½Ҿ͸˽ͷһֲĳ嶯

ǮߣҪ𡣡ŵ赭д˵

ô֪Ҫģ˵Ǯɡ

Ǯûϵ

Ǹʲôйϵ

顣

飿

˯Ҫҵѡſϣ΢ЦĿҡ

һɵʧЦ㿪Цɣʲô飿ǻ̸Ǯ
ɡ

˵ʵʵȫû߼ֲ嵽ľ仰棬Ǿ仰
Ǽ١Ҳϲңһֶ׷

˵ʵҲһϲһƵĿɰСŮ˭ֲϲأ
һΪ߼ʵЩëȻ

Ҫ˯ǾҪöҸ׼̸СħŮ
ͷԼĽż⣬ȻᣬȴܼᶨڿЦ

ڸʲôϷҿЦвУ

˫ֱ󣬿ڴϣͷЦðɣˡһû
Ƿţ뵽˵

ۻֱ˵̸Ǯɡ̸ˣûװ

须һ˵꣬ͽϡҷ˻Ц
ؼȥˡ

İ£СħŮûңټѧϰأؽ
ˡƽʱǾϰ֣ó˵ĹϵԵĻ
ࡣΪϰְģ̺õĴ»˻ȥƽϰ
ͷ

ܾϰֲڳĴףҶ֪費ܳ죬
ʶô꣬ô᲻˽ءϰֵķŭֻ˵꣬
־ȴ޿οɵıְɡ

ǵλЩжģķ
Ǽֱڻӡϰ⻹õģ뻹ûпʼͷ
ļͬ£Ѿͺˡ

ϣϰֺ趼Ӧ꣬ѧУûֻһڼҡ
ЩżûˣϷɷɵģյ
һţ跢ģһϸַҾŵȥ

ƽʱæӦ꣬ҲǾƾɳˡֻż岻ʣˣ
ʹѿ֮ƣҲǵһˡû취ʱˣ·뿪
ǰĿĵأǮˣԣ֡

ſڣҰҵģ˸绰֮װģ
ҵĶˣ˵ˣ

ʱһŮ§һ˶ҪʮΧ
ӺơơҽæǺȵеˣ
ͣһЩˤһֲ˸лƿ
Ȼ֡

Ҹæȥסĸ첲ӸЦ˵ô


е¶ˡ氡Щ
ȵĲ٣ѹҪȳ

ʲô¶ͷ˵

ȻǴѽӶˡһ˵ţһ
߳Ϣ

ʱע⵽˵ͬѧǸʲôƨܣһ
λɳŵҲ죬˾ܡ

˿һ֮󣬷ҵĸ첲ߣճᣬ͸ɢ˼
Ƶģӿҵļϣ·Ʈģǲ޻һ

ӡôҡ˼ƽһ£˵
ҪһҾñǸ൹ˡ

贩Żɫɫְҵװխȹɫ˿࣬ɫƤͷϸ
߸ЬʮֵԸУǹеζƾһѬǡǡ
ټҺܽ˵ʱϢ嵽ԣ
ģѹĵ׵Ƿݽ

գȻ򶨵˵ⲻǰʱ䣬
׼ʱ𣿡ͣһ£ʵ裬ǺųƺǺ˶
ѽ·߲ˡ

ǩ˸ӣܡ͡˸ãŻһ
Щ˳

Ҹæ˵£ȱ¡һø
Ǹء

Һһ£˳Ƶͷۼ
˿ڴ󳨣۷⼷һ𣬽·߸߶¶һ
˵鹵ΪƵԵʣҲ鷿ҵĸ첲ϣ·ܸо
͵ԡ

Լѳֲס뿴ֲҶ࿴Ͻ뿪ˣԣ֣һ
⡣֮ܳ󱻷һƾˣϳ֮ʮ
ɢƵģĿҵϣĳɢ˿
ҵĲӣһһ˿˿ġ

Ȼ֪Ӧã̲ס۾ɫխȹµĺ˿ʵ
̫ԸˣҵĻĻ̲סȥġ

Ҳ֪ôģҵСڣƵ豻
͵Ȼһİǿ·ſ˫ȼ䣬ͷѨֱ֭
磬Ӳ͵͵˽ȥ

ҲܿƵǷ֮ʱȻ߽һӣ
ôѽ

һСʱ±ץ˸УæȼнѲ


ҡôңίʵ

סҵıӣߺߵƤ㡭

ǣôˡұڼҺúѧϰأһϢϾ
ˣҡ

˵һ룬һҵϣĳ
죡

ã˵ʲô״κεĻھǰԵôĲ


˳⳵ҽڸ첲ϣߡ֮Ҳ
øЬֱӷңΪʵЩһͷԵ˴ϡ

ϰֻûؼңվڴ߲˰Ѻڴϵ裬֪
Ǻá

ֻںڳɢڴϣճ죬촽΢ţ֪ʲôʱ
ĿҲˣؿڴ󳨣ң¶ѩ޳Ĳ鷿
ǲܵһ㣬ƽŶǰĻԲ̣ͦϣ
һһͷϸĺɫ߸ЬԾɴڽϣɫխȹµĺɫȽ
Сĺ˿¶ɫļ˵
ˡ

ֻſ˿ڿˮԴ齵Ƭ̣
ȻȾƵ˻ڿʣæתȥһˮ˴ߡȻֶ
ϵĺɫ߸Ь˰죬ҵģǲ֣ǰ
ʱҿԺܴ󷽵¿ͣڷеϰˡ

ԥ˰ΣȻĳһЬϴŪലġ֪
ֻǸڣȷʵҵѹ

Ҵ˹ȥСĽšŪ˴
ؽ߸ЬԲɰ˿ţԥҪҪ͵һ£
Ȼһ߬סҵĶ䣬۵ҡѽһһΪ
ǵִװݺأּҡҡλΣʣ
Բװġ

㡭۾ԴסҡΡ

ҸæͣҡҸЬܴܲЬ˯ɡѽۣ

û˵꣬קҵĶµ˻ȥҲһˤ˴
ϡҪһˣƾ
ԡ

ɾҵĶ䲻۾Ժļһ죬
Ц𡭡Ϊ֪㡭ʲô㡭в

Ҳ֪赽˻Ǽװģۣĵ
Уввȷ֡ѽѽְ

šԽԽʹɣ¶Źֵ΢Ц㡭͵
͵˿࣬ʲôˣ

ʲôʲôûɣ

㡭衭赱ɵӰֻزصġЩС˵
ʲô˼

ϡһ͵ֻһСģв
ĸģɾ϶Ǳˡ

˵˵ң㡭ǲĸǡǡϲҴ˿
ࣿ

־ЩЦãȶʲô˵ƽʱ
⣬žƾһȫʳˡ

ҡе㡣ֻֻϲ˿డŮĴ˿Ҳϲ
Ҳһǵãɴʵʵ˵ˣóʱ
ˣеˡ

ɿҵĶ䣬ҵžһƣ裡
ˣå㡭ʲô

Ҳ룬ʲôʱˣåˣ~ 

û˵ְ꣬һơ

죡

ǣҡ

ž

ٶ졣

ұ죬ٿˡ

ĳ˰ΣȻһ§סҵͷ̾˿Թ
ӣ衭㡭ôѽСʱôɰô
԰ôͳ˸̬ˣ

ҵĲۻǳ
϶еŨ㣬꣬彥
跢ֻܾĽƨ󹰣һϺΡ

ҵͷ߽ţˡôܶű˿
һǳå㡭ССҲôɫһ

˵һ쵽ĴôԸУǱѽ

һ֮ûϢӦ˯ˡ
ɱ§ԴǼܡҺ˼ûлӦ
Ҫ軳ѳ֪ͻȻһ˿ȴҵĴϣ§ĸˡ

ҵһ飬ֱȣӲķ͡ã
սʤĸ첲׼˭֪ĸ첲§
˹ĵӽ˹ǰҵɱˡ

Ըеĺ촽΢΢ſʪĴ꣬ԲĴ飬Ǵһ㣬
ҡҲסԼԲԣȴܵٻ
һ㣬Ĵ˹ȥ촽ϣһ˲
䴫ȫ

ϸƷæƿȴ⣬촽
ζŷŵһǡһըѣ룬ѾˣһҲν

Լ˸ڣٶȥȻ˻ڴڵĴŴ
촽ˬĸоδйҾƵģȻ
һٸԼһٶģȴܿƵȥ
û˿Ըеĺ촽һʪǡ

跢߽ŵҵıһ飬˿边Ȼ
ͷ˳һҵ촽̼ĶܵˣҲ
Ͻͷ֮һ

ҵһƬհףȴң̫ˣҪˣ
ˣȴĺ˿ϣḧţǹ⻬ĴУ
ֱᡣ

ãҸоԼѾ˽ȥɴ
Ѿزſ϶ǲɵġ

¿ӣѾӲ˳ԥþãȷû
ļŲΡΡͦ֫Ĵϡͷ
˿ȵһ˲䣬һһҪǳסЩ˳

ͦź˿Ħţϸ΢ɳɳ޿
ܼĽۣϻϵˬУܿʹﵽ˶㡣

ĦƬ̣ҸоҪˣͻȻһ뷨赽ǲ
׻

ԴľһƳ֮˺ܾˣǴɽ
Ĵʱǣָңе̫ˡţһ
˵ѾܹˣҲⱲӻһΣֻǿѣֲ
ɱġ

ãսʤǣƿ첲Ȼ
ȱߣָؿڣƽԼĺԼ
ֻǿֻǿ

Ҷ̬˵ݣȷŲΡΡĽַ
ĴϣɫְҵͲȹСȥڴȸ
ɫ޿˽ȫ¶ҵǰ

ҵĺԽԽ٣һ߬סԵͬɫ˿
㣬һһʣǰǰ㣬Өѩļһһı¶
ҵǰ

ûκڿһͬʵ䴦ʱ˽
ȫ¶ҵǰ߸¡ְۣǸոճĴͷ
мһϸ죬ڰݣΧɸɾģûһëصǣ
ǳСɣûⷭѨڣŮĹɰ

Ȼǰ׻һŴ˵еͷơ۷ֱǵ
ƵģԽͻȻΪʲôϰ־ķɴף
ȢţҲῴĽģκ˽Ӵ

ҪһСѨ쵽һ룬ָ˻Ǹң
ѾܹˣϾҵ裬ٲ֣¾ɲסˡ

ʹ飬ȻܣҲ˺衣

Ҷǵϸ죬żͦɿߣţ
ҪϽйȴţ裬֣ƣ±һҪH㡣

Ҽ֮ʱȻŹرյŵͷƤһ飬
ĿҵĴȻһ

ϰƿ˽վڴߣɵһһڴϵ
裬ʵʲô

ҵĶˣǿװ򶨣Ц˵ȶˣջ
Ҹ˱ˮ

ϰüͷţֺȾƣһ쵽ûû˵Ӧꡣ
ˣдҵɡ

ұϰָ˳صԼңڴڵĴŴŸղŵһ
ĻĻĺաҪϰֿԼ裬ƾͲǰܽ
ˡ

ҹڴϷȥȫİ׻ͷѨߣ˺üأ
;һֱڵ

ϳԷԷʱüͷֱͷۣЩ飬ҿ
ѧ֮ǰ轫ҽסҼɫŹ֣˵ˣ϶ϵİ
ˡֹ˾䣺ˣڼǳȥ

תһȦѰ˼ܶԼ˵ĻЩӡ󣬵
֮ʲ̫˼ʡ˯֮飬Ӧǲ֪ġ

΢ĺ˵˾䡺ڼɡȻҴҵѧȥˡ

죬Ҿ͸ħһο˺üζûѰ˼
½æ֪Ҹ棬Hһ£ȴĸ
ҴˣҸѽʵû취ˣֻܲСħŮĵ绰
Լ

磬˸ţԼص㣬һ

ҼŵʱɵǰһȻı˴·񣬿Žͷ
ǹŮ磬ۺɫףɫȹɫ˿࣬ɫСƤЬ
ͷҰ趼ɢ˸˫βǰĿͷϱСè
ʮֵĹɿɰ

ҽϸĴһһ¶ȻͬŮ磬
½˵ĸоȫһˡò˵ǸٱСħ
ŮÿζһĻ˸ġ

ͷ̲ܺ裬ɵСһ
ѸЩû߼Ϊϵ

ģͦʲô

̧ңɰ𣿡

ҺٺЦɰеֵֹġ

ŵ˸ۣʵԼҳʲôҪ˵ţ
˸ߣܵơ

ҸϽͷûע⣬ſЦ˵˵˵ܲ
ٵ֫ԡһСҼҵģ˵ôֱӣҶе㲻˼ˡ
˶٣ѹʵϴλ⣬ֱϱݣ׶Ǯ

ҲҪǮ

ʵڲ֪ڸʲôʹͷܵɣҪ
˵׼ûס

˵һûãǷţ˵

Һɵ϶è壬Ҫǲѻ˵ˣָ
Ҹʲôء

ԥ˰죬ָ˵ɣǧǮôҴ
ˣǮҸƯС´ˡ

ͷ赭д˵˾䣺Ҳϡ

Ǯ~ ԮΪǮ𣿡

ͷüãǾ򡣡

ҾſڵʨӴ󿪿ѽǹﰡ

ŵЦЦ㿴˼Ǯָ𡣡

Ҹ㲻ڹˣһôţһ£ҧʵҰأ
ʲôǮ

ŵһ㶣֣

԰ϴμҰһ֣˵Ұֲ
Ŀͻ

ңʲôðŵͷԣҵĿͻ
ļǮߣ𡣡

ʵˣϰֹȻСˡҲû
ϵǴ𣬱ϾҲǱԼŮѳԮõġ

ǮڿЦͻȻָоЩ񲢲
ΪǮֻҪϹʲôȴһͷˮˡ

ŵҧܣѾˣ𲻴Ӧ¡

ҲǱǣߣʵЩͣʵЩ̫
ˣ̵͵⣬˫˿ŮȣǺ
ټģһ°߱İ˿СŲżһֻ
ʲôĸоأ

ҧҧ˵ǾͲϱݣǰķܿ˰ɡ

㡣ŵһνı飬ͷ̲衣ҸҪ˵
Ȼһͷȥ֪ҽźʱЬӣСɿɰİ˿СŴ
Ӷֱ쵽ҵ֮䣬ſӣز

˲סͷȥıȽƫҲûʲôˡ
Ҫͣȴڹϣô󵨵Ϊ
̼ġ

ŵûһ˫ܣ̲裬˭Ҳ벻
ɰСȴ棬Լİ˿СŲҵļϣʱ
꣬ʱ㣬ʱֺŪˬĸоֱҪ

ұܵʱͻȻеһŤͷȥֻԶһ
ʮŮԱͨ죬۾һĿǡȻƼ
СȴûţŤͷæͷʰӡ

С㳤İ׾Ư֪ΪΣƼ߳һĻǵûнţ
оʮֵĴ̼ǹƵģȥץסŵ
˿СţСͨ죬תذ̨ȥˡ

˫ش̼£ҺܿͲˡܾôڿ
æ˵ˣǻȥɡ

ŵ˿С˻ȥЬߡҸٳ
ʱ̲סͷһۣλСſһŮԱĶС
˵ʲôײһ죬ҵĽתһԡ



                             1.10



ŰŵصʱվŰȹ£ϸŮ
˿ȣгڴ֮Ȳʵʲôѽ

ŵӼж£ڲ輸ϣ˫ָ߾٣˸ʵ
Ҫʲôأ

ֱϴûϷˡ˫ֱأһ£Ŵɫ
˿ŮȣٺЦǴ̼һġ

СħŮô࣬϶һ̼Ļġ

̼һ㣿ŵСԴ˼Ƭ̣Ȼ˵ɫ
ݰɡ

ɫݣһ㶣ое˼Цʵ˭

ŵ˵Լ

أ

ãС

㡭˭

Сã

ͨһҲ˵ʲôоһ˿
ǣѾͷ֪иãõֶãǼ˽Ĺ
ѽ

ɹ黳ɣȷʵ̼ģǱŰɫ࣬
ҵļ㽻ǻ桭ֱ̫ˣֻ룬ҵͷƤһ
ķ飬̣̲סֽס

СħŮ˹̧ͷ涢ңٿЦˣ
һãˣǲǺ˷ܣ

˵˷Ǽٵģ¶ô˼ء

ĵƽ飬΢ЦŶ˵Ǻ˷ܣҪǼװҵ
ãҾͿԺ޹˼ɵҵˡ

ŵգ۾ʵг𣿡

û𣬾̫ˡʱĺڴϣݺһ١

ŵҡӣһЦڴϣֻһ٣ɵģ
˵ǿ·

ôһ˻棬ҽѹڴϣĿַ֮
£·˺÷顣



ٴֽ̧סСħŮЦˣǲǺ
̼

ֱǣűˣεЦ㡣㲻üװã
ҽ㡣

ŵЦͷҵļϣĵʵ磬
棬ôô棬òã

Ȼͬ˵Ȼмƣҵࡺ须
ҵĽƿ˵ЦЦ㿪
ٰĸ룬Բ˵Щġ

ô֪ģֲǱСħŮٶȴǰסҵĸ
˵ʵһֱϲġĺϲϲ
ģġ

ЩƻĵĻͺǱҶߵһ㣬ֻŶ
̣ڣ̧ͷ˰㣬ҡΣͷĿѣһʱ
侹ֲ嵽λʵ

ŵĿͣûзӦյøˣʵ磬벻
˯

ҿڸ죬û˵

СҵĶߣ磬ذʵ磬벻
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ŵùĹĵġ

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дӲץŸճ¯ķͷƵģֻ壬ֵһ
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⡣

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а㣬ֻô£оҪˡ

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һһѽƷ˴ϣ˫ɫȹڣץסɵףָ
һСڣȻһ˺ŽɫŮڿǵһԡ

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ϡ裬һ۷죬Ѩգ³ƵǳɫС
ޣѹһ𣬲κη϶Ѩ·һɫСУǳǳ壬
ɷǿɰСɵľѨ

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ôģ˵ͦǰͷѨڣĹĵı
һһխǻ֮С

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мС¹һ㣬һʱ侹Ȼû˶

û˿ͷ⣬һͱףֱײѨۻ
֮ϣֻѨڴеأǻƴѹ
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ҵһɻ󣬷ƺײһĤ

ŮĤѵСħŮǴŮ

ѽֶ쳣죬ȫǸݺС꾫
ôܱŴ֮

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ӯֺϵˣȫһʹൽ˼
ӣôҲǼװѽ

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һ˿϶⼸ŵ͸͸źӫ㣬𤻬壬
ȴʺ

Ҿ˵СħŮôǴŮء

û˼ɣҽһ㣬СѾͷôſǻ
һ硭~ 

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㹻ʪ壬ҲûаֵĳأֱҪʶƵġ

ͣϢƬ̣ͱխѨǻýģһһ
ţҲ֮ʢɫ滺֮ҧѽӲ
飬Ůüͷ壬ֻСץŴټš
һ𣬽ҧأ˵˾䣺~ 

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ӣɫ⡣⾥ȫ뿪СѨֻͷʱ
Ҿȵķ֣״ﾹ˿˿ѪգǿڿҲȾ졣

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ǸȻ̧ͷȥֻϹۣҧ´üͷ壬Ŀ
ңίп

ۡ˰ɣһʱҾȻ֪˵Щʲôˣȷ
ࡣ

ŵȻʶѾܣеίر˲
һЩŭСתһԣҲһҪĨȥϵ飬
ȴǿĽҵִһԣȻ۽Ȼ飬ȴû˳֮

֪ΪΣ֪ǴŮҾȻЩģټ⸱ǿСģ
Щ

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ؿϣסͷʱ˱ʱͬʱ쵽Ů
ģס۵٣ꡣ

أŮĺﴫ˼ٵᴭŹͷѨҲ
Ţ֬Ⱥ桢壬ȻŮѾ顣

Ҽʱ죬һ˫ָϥǣһͦ
յѨǻ¶Ѩ

~ СѾͷһϸֲۡķˡ

ҿʼСѨŮײ»ζ
Сתһԣʳָʱĳ̴ٽ
ߣ

ͷḧһ£ʵ𣿡

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һһ߼ӿ˳

ššš

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ΣϱҲƷǰʹࡣ

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ʹ˳̵Ҳδؼý

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ۣץһƣǰ̺͹أڰۻļϺţ
кˣһ˵Ĳᡣ

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ѣЩңƴҪ
²ء

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ͦȴ˳HŪҲ֪׾ʲôʧ
ӣȴʵ

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һƺ룬ȻǱģһ顣

ڲż٣ѧУءʱҴ绰ʲô

˰ŵһۣԥƬ̣ͨ˵绰

ι

񾭲ءЦʵ

õѹµСħŮȻЩҵĸоСѨ
һ̲סһ塣

ҡûʲôʲôأ

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þҪ͵ˣǵòѽ

ʲôѽһʣһ߿ʼHŪµСħŮо
ͬԼһ㡣

㣬յ˾֪ˡϲ

𣿡ԽHԽ죬СħŮײػζҧָüͷ
ƴѹŽ֮

˵ˣ㵽ʱ֪ˣݰݡ

ͷϣЩ᲻Ҷϵ绰æֹһ£

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ҡҡܾûˣ״
˵š֪ö£ϻϵ
жʵ̫̼ˣѾЩͷתˡ

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ԥƬ̣Ằһ硣

Ҹо˷ܵ˶㣬ƴײŽխŮСѨѾȫС
ѾͷŸոտŵײˣһʹƺ
ɻʵڸʲôѽ

ҡæͣѨڣţˬЩ˵
ˡ

ǲǸһ𰡣



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ʲôȴ˸Ķ

ҶֻµСħŮңĪ˾䣺
¸ڶ

ǰôˣ

Ҳǡ

ʲôʲô

ҵգҲ¸ڶ

һ㶣ɵЦôɣȻͬһգ

գˮӯӯĴ۾ҡƬ֮󣬲ʵҪ
һ𣿡

ұĻͷתģĶҽУЦȻͬһ
գǾ͵໥˰ɡ

ŵû˵Ŀң֪СԹﵽЩ
ʲôĬƬ̣̽ԵʵҪ𣿡

㡣

ûдСѨֱӽ˸ȻϸС
һᣬ˿ȹڴϣڳơ

ҽַڱɫ˿ŵСƨϣ̰ĸţ
ģȻ㿪ʼ֫HŪ

ŵôңΪʲôѽһHһ̲סʵ

Ů̵ͦİ˿СƨɣС˫ֱӱײһǰһ
Ļζģûлش

òǡϲҰɣ

ûлشֻСȴס﷢ٵĴϢѨ
һһģȻ˸о

ʵѾЩͦסˣŮİ˿ΣһͦŮ
ײذڶһͱѨ⣬һɹɵŨӿ

~ š

ŵСֱһѨǻһΣӲ˺þò
Ƶſ˴ϡ

ŮѨãƣس˳Ũ׾Һ
ĴŮѪ˿˳ԲԲĽխѨ˳Ѩϡɼ
һһľš

ЩͷˣǰһѪŮ˭ѽ



ڶƽҹҵա

֮󣬰ŵʲôҲû˵ֻҴ·ˡȻҾЩ
ԲҲ֪˵Щʲô

ŵ˵ϰĿͻҲۼһ֣ǸŮ
˵ƽʱûԮѲɣֻǰ˴ɻڽ㽻Ҷ
ԽԽˣֲȥϰ֡

˸٣ڼ׼硣ҷѧؼҵʱ
ζѾ˲ҶҰԵġϰֻȥһյ⣬
Ȼд״Ԫڣˡ⻹Ҫ˽ҪμӸ߿
տûôų

ϰֽ룬ͳҪֻˣ
óһۣûнӣֱӹҶˣȻȼ

˿ĵơ֮Уҡҷϰ֣
֣ĬĬԸȻһ

ƹ´򿪣ĸҵͷȰ΢Цӣ
죬ʮˣѾǳˣӦö˰ɡ

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踧ҵͷ˵

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ϰѽ

㡭̧Ƭ̣Ц˵豣֤򡣵
ǣѾǳˣӦ֪ʲôǸģʲôǲġӽ쿪
ʼҪһѧϰϣûУ

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ǰŮ˱Ͼҵ裬øһҲܸҷϵ
ġȻ֪ܣαִء

֪ӹԡοĸҵͷ

˵ˣְ˵ɡСϰָտڣֻˣ
һۣûӡ

ɻʵ˭ĵ绰ѽ

绰յġϰЦЦȻ˵СӽԺ
Ͳкˡ

ҪŮˣ

ƶ죡ҵ˼ǣӽˡʲôˣ
֪𣿡

룬Ц˵̡

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ˡ졣

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һһ飬ͷңǸոձ˴Ŵ۾ޱĿ
ҡ

һʵôˣ

û˵ôֱĿҡ

ʵ˭ˣ

ôӦȥŵֽƿ˽ȥæת
ֹȴѾߵ˿վŲ

һãȻɻĿ

ϰֻҵվΡΡ˾䣺㡭ôˣ

ŵҧ´Ȧһ죬һ֡




                             1.11




һ֣ڳ˶ˡ

ãϰɫɷףһļž

ҵֱѾͷǰҰĹģ˶ˣ
ܵƹˡҪ֪ҸĹϵ군ˡ

ãǰȥקק½ǣʲôأ

֣ϽߣϽߡ

ŵתͷӵĺһ硣

ͫ˲ŴһĿҡҸæߵ
ɫѾˣҲ磡

ûңǰһ˵ϰֵĻ˫§ס
ź~ 

ϰַֽļϣҪƿЩãȻ֪Ľڰգ
Ƭ̲Ťͷ衣

ʵô¶˭ѽ

ǡǡϰֵķǳ͵˵
һˡ

ҲЩԾˣѾͷǳġϸ룬
ϽǰסҪקϰֽΧһ߲ͣ
ǡϴڹݺҵǸŮ

ŵ§ϰ֣ôɿŤͷ裬
к˵ҽŵҰְ躣Ρ

һðŻعζֻϰɫ԰ף촽סĲţ
ͷ亹ֱðٿ裬ҧǣɫͨ죬ݺݵصϰ֣ؾ
ȻǷŭ˼㡣

㡭ǡϰֱ鼫ŤЦһ£ȴһ


˭ѽһ

ǡ

һϵ걭ˤ˵ϣ㵱һء˫
Ŀͨصϰ֣ŰΣŭĳȥҪץס
ŭһң

ŵøϽ˻ȥصңۡһݺݽˤϡ

ϰʱŷӦֽŵ˿һ𱸵ı飬ʵ
ôˣҲ˵ˣʲô¶ȥ㡣

ŵ۽ί˵Ǵҡҡҵգ
ֻ㲻ӡ

㡭ϰָüͷ壬һĳݡ

ǵĶԻҵֱ죬СħŮȻϰֵŮ

ͬĸˡ

~ Ҳҵ˴ĴŮ

һҵԴϡ

Ѿ֪ݴʱˣֻȷɣ
ֱ̫Ĵ̼ˡ

ϰּ죬ֹ˵˾䣺¡Ȼߵ
ǰţȴŭҹ

ϰվڷ⣬ƶţ˵ʲôŵ
һӣۺףͷң۽Ǻᣬչۡв
ɣСѾͷôᱻ˴ˣ˭ģ

Ҳ˵ʲô̬ȣֳֽ
˵˾䣺ɡ

ŵӹֽûвᣬ΢΢һЦлл磬á

üͷһ壬ʵ֪磿

ŵɵĵ˵ͷ

ôң

Ҹ˰

ʲôʱ򣿡

ϴڹ԰ұǸͷŵʱ˵Ҹ˰

㡭һʱȷʵ˵ĸ磬Ϊֻ
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ͬʱһγɣӵëȻҴյ
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                             .




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У԰꣬ȥȥ

һ߰һߴ˳ȥһ̵Сſڵı꣬
һбס˵ĻǸʧŮԱȻȸղźõ㣬
뿴޹ˣϱġ

˿ףֿ˿ң䲻ʵʲô

ʧЦ˸ʲôҪ㱨ѽ

Աɴ۾ҧ˵ССͣʲôǲҪ
ȥŮˣ

˵ǵʧķ˰ɡ

ҲûոЦ˵ҡҸŮѣá

ޣԱŴ˵ʲôãƭ˵ģ˶
УУ

ҡҼѹûɽɴЦ˵У˵öԣ
˵öԣЩ˶СõģǡǴġ
˵㣬ϽҽвУллˣЩиⲻˡ

Աŭĵҡ

ҿధ˺ð죬ǲ˵˵ֲܶʵûޣ
ֻȥˡʱԽżԽǳԲȶ֣
ұ꣬ûġ

Ҽתʱ½ĶˣΪǵȵĲͷˣ
Ͻȥأһ֪ԭˣϷ˯ˡ

ţ˵үء

ҪߣƼֶĽһҳƷۻ̵꣬
룬ȱܽܲõϣ˵ɡ

Ҵҵظϣ·½һţ˵˲٣͵
ɳ˯ˣȻŷ˷䣬Ҫ˯ˣҪǸҽ鷿
ҺԸβһЦı顣

һһأ˰Сʱ½ҵԿ״˴ţ
ĵţûˡСߵסķǰתһ
űסˡ½˯鷿ǰţһҪ
ţһҪšűһתžȻˡ

һϲѾͷȻ˵ŲҪʵҪġҾҪ
ȥܰô

ģֲָŨҵľƾζ˱Ƕϴ΢
¾֦ûпƣƾżһѿӣһ˹ȥ

ǣӲĲˣϴÿһ
һ⻬ϸԲȣвɵһ֡٣СѾͷ˯˯Ҳ
ѹ˵ҡ

Ҽ˱ף˫ֳ˹ȥڿԱһǣȻ
ͦǰȥͷסѨڣһ۵Ѩڣ
ͷ˽ȥ

½ֻǷһૣŤŤȴûǺ˾ƵԵʣ
ѨƽʱЩͬ塢ֱ֬۵Ĺ֡ȻѨиɬ
ȱҺ󣬵һͷѻѨףһۻϡ

ˬĳһ֮򷢳һ߽Ľ֮
·ҵĶУȴƽؾһ㣬˲ըѡ

̫ϤˣԲ½ģǡġ

Һ˲ʯӲĹڴϣҷֿҵ
ϡҵһţһ㣬ȴԾɴŽң
䣬Ķ

ͬʱĻѨһһģ˷ϴļ
ѹУذУű׶ظܵڵ
⼸ˬУ׿ŵĴŮСѨҪˬ֡

ҴڴڵĴŴֹҶһ£ҷһ
֮˹

֪˶ãѨƺӦĴڣ̴ٵĴϢʹ
೤ϸ

۾𽥵Ӧ˷ĺڰҽ΢Ĺͷȥһ
ĽӲһԣɢҵĳסߡԣ
˾½ֻŮˣٳֵҹذ̣
ʣµֻһֿܡ

ҵѽ~ 

ҸоԼµĺëһļƤСȶӳ
ƵĴתҡҾȻԼ衣

ʱ˿̣ҵһƬհףȫ֪Ǻãڹ˺þ
þãҪʹѨ

ƽһ飬侲ķһ¡ֻҪڲ£Ѽ
ͳǽ¶֪֪Լ֪ûͺˡ

뵽ˣοƣؽ롣ȻѨ
֬ȱ֭ͬһһͬ
ͬʱ͵һ﷢һ̴١ʹ

ŵ඼ˣæͣѨһ䣬Ƭ
֮󣬾Ȼһ˿𤻬ҺĲᣬôһͨڣϢ
Ƴ

Ƭ̺ٴؽˣҺ󻬣֮
˲٣һһĺ󳷣ÿһ֣Ѩ;Ƶ䶯һ
Ŵ̼֮࣬ˬë׶ֱͷСĴѨа˳
ų˿

ڿµ˻ȥס˱۰׵Ҿô
ķǺñȻϢ뿪䣬ҼͽѨ
£ͿԵȫûзһ~ 

ǣҼȽŵͬʱҲǰδеĸ߶ȣӲĺ
ҪըһһһģҪӳơ

ɹڴϣʱ͵͵ĳ֪
ԼǲܵģԽǰװ۵
׻ͷѨȴҵһδʧ

֮£ҽİ׻ѨУⲢҵı⣬
ȴʵʵڵķġҲҵġһλ᣿

֪ЩΪʲôΪ˸ԼҺɣİ
Ľ²ѨĺˣǣǴģף
Ǽ治ġ

ǣ͵͵ؿİ׻ѨºҲûзѽң
Ĳᣬ˯úܳոսͲȥҲûѹѽ

˵ˣҴűأֻͽȥҲûֱӽ
ѨѽҲûHѨⲻס

ɺܻȴƴҴߣƴ˵ԼΪ
̲סˣҸоԼӹֱ̣Ҫըˡ

һ¡ֻŽȥһ¡ֻŽȥһ¡ֻŽȥһ£ϳ

ղѾȥˣٽȥһ£Ҳνˡ

Ҿܵ˶ħĹƻһ㣬ܿƵָΡΡĽ
ڿ㹴һԣοǰƣȥͷѨŮͯĹۣ
Ѩڰݣͷһȥ͸еһСһ㣬˱˽
ȥ

ˬĻͷƤһ顣ϵĿС͵ĽŴ̼
ײУҵĽ֯һ˷ܼʹһ²סزš

ͣЪƬ֮һͷ֬Ѩ⣬¶
֮ϣӦþӹˡʮǰҾǴ
ģʮ»ص

ҽѨУӤ»صӹһϲһְ
͵ĴȴָűףʵʵڵĸѨ¯ڣԼ
ŵĽ¿С

侲һ֮󣬼˯Ϣ೤ûļ󣬱κ
ͷ˵ѨڴҵǼȵĲᣬţһ£һ¾
á

ͷٶȼѨ⣬һ˻ܹ֮ô
׵ĲȥΪѨɳڣʵΪ۵˼£һЩ
Һ󻬣һһ̽סֻг츾ϲᵽˬ
У½ͰŵֻëѾͷܱġ

ֱ̫~ 

͸΢⣬ڰ֮ϡɼ¶ļ׵ˣ
͸ۻ㷢ڵߵӣ˫Ŀգ糺죬Ըк촽΢΢ſ
ʱ³̴ٵأ۵İ׻ΪĲԵøӱѨ
ڰݣ𤻬ʪ壬Ŀѣ

ֻûƣһ룬Ѿ
üˣ硭͸һ°ɡ͡һ¡

˽ͷһʹκ󳷣˶Ĺͷڰ
Ѩ촦Ӳ˲࣬˸ĽǶȣһʣ͡һٶ
֬Ѩ֮УͷѨڵŪŰ۹ʪ
쳣

ͦٺɣƽ֮͸ɡ

˲伸أİ׻ͷѨѾҺ磬ÿγ嶼ᴫ
֮ҲΣֻСʶţˣÿײ
Ҳܸܰ۵ķ

ʵ̫ˬˣѾˣǡHһذɣһΣ
ҲûĻˡűף䲻ȥ㲻ס

뵽ˣҸеһĪ˷ܣҴϵȣ
һĳ塣

šŰ

Ϊҵ΢ײһµĶ̴֮ǰ
Ϊ֣ҡĽ⿪۴½֦ǰ
λε鲨ҡҷʵЩϧ

Ƭ֮Ҿڴˣ̴΢ţ̬ģɵ̰
⻬Բ۵ȣڼϣ˳أȻ룬
ĳʮ¡

ұ۾һHɣһ߸ſڼͷϸʱȻ
ͷŤ˸򣬷˿ɢҵĸϣ߬סͷü
һʹĳ

˵ĻˣϽֹͣHɣ˫§ȣ
ΡΡעϵı仯

š

Ťһӣ˵һϹˮ

ҾһɵĶҴֻڴ
ͣŤţ³֮󣬺Ȼ˵һϹ
ϹҪ

貢ûѣھ֮УҲ֪εʲôǽ
ϰ֡

šܡϹܡ

ҼĿգüͷ壬ϺķޣһԸС΢΢ſ
ʱᴭʱҧ´һܡҪҪģʵԡ

ض裬ͦ֫һγ鶯轫ϸ
߸̧˫Ŀգҧź촽һĳ

ҼӴ˲٣ȴӼǰ
ſϣʼһһʶ

šš

ÿһ£趼ᷢһͬHŪһ֮
Ȼſ˫ȣڰգѨͦҡβֹ

šѽϹϹš

轿ֱֹӣְ
۵Ĵڲ࣬ͬʱڰ׻ͷѨڳ岻ֹ

ƽʱϵ赸٤ϰߣӷǳȱ
Ȼϵֱһ

Ҳ̲סˣȣʼٳͷѨ
Hķ֭Ľ

šźߡءźߡ

תǧأǳ˫ĿգֻСֵҵؿ
ϣ

ħƵģѾںδݵͦÿÿ׻Ѩ
ͷײӹ⣬Ҫĵһ㡣

ҪҪˡšϹϹҪᡭϹ

šŰšѽ

ԽԽĳͦŪüͷ壬
ҧ´û˰ȡ֮һ̴ٵĴϢ˿ҵɢ
ڽ޶˵ϣԸĵ̬Ұް
һ˰ȣͦżڰ׻ͷѨһ壬ײ
ġžž֮

ء~ 

һ֮ĳͻȻƺŽͲ
ǻھγ鴤֭ӿɢɽ

ҲͲסһͱűףͷضŻ⣬Һ
ӿ



                             2.1



ҴڴڵĴϢţȻѾҺȴɽӲ
󣬿־彥Ϯ·һ㣬ȣһƬհס

ȻűףղֱĳHɣȵ࣬
ҲһоûеģҪⷿһˣ
ⰸѹò飬ֱӾ͸ˡ

ôأ~ 

ɿ˰ڲֻ֣һ޳ȣز£
һ𣬽ҵĿǣŲڴϣ˷·һ㣬ɢ
ķ˿Žĵգüͷšһֽ߬ͷԵ촽΢ţ


ڰ֮Уϡɼ۵м䣬ѨֻſһС
СԲĿһָôխСѨղűҴӲӲ
ûиоġ

ҪĻҡ

ôأ~ 

ҹ˫м䣬סͷɰӲ߸𣬼
СϣȻѾһΣûеõȫй֮У
ȸղŸǿˡ

ֽקžһ죬ľҺЩ˦һ
˶Ĺͷɺ͵ģմЩŨ׵ľҺʶ˲
ϰ£ŸӦԼļ籩ꡣ

ϣԣϣҲûȥֻҪϾˡ
Ҳû֤ݣۣʲô¶ءǰɣ

ԣ͸ϡ

Ҳ֪ⷨӳɲɣѾûа취Ψһİ취ˡ

ĺƽ߬ͷѾɿ޳Ըе
ǰչɫ˿Сڿµ˻ȥȫڵסİ׻ͷ
Ѩ·ʲôҲûһ

֮У𣬷ǴˣǽȥһҲǽ
ȥҲǽɴ࡭ɴһΰɡ

УԲУһλ˵ǲ֪飬ҪٲȥǾ֪
治ˡ

ǣʴǵĸоʵ̫ˬˣϻϣָ
½СħŮŵ޷ҵġĻԺ϶ǲˡ

һΣһξаɣһξУֻҪһΣԺҲ
κεķǷ֮ˡ

Ĳٷˡһλ˵֮ʧٲȥ
ˡ

ǡѾˣȥһΣͽȥ߰ʮΣʲôϵأ
˽㲻迳ԺҲûĻˡ

˵ԼѾµıף˼Ӳϣ
˫ȹǰŲָɲȴᳵ·˺ɫСڿ㣬
ǰ㣬ͷٶڰ׻ͷѨϣ۵꣬ﲻס
˵ţһΣһΡһҧһʣ

ӳһ飬޳ǾƵĲ˲﷢һ
ӡһ

İ׻ѨУ̲סһ۾
Ѩڰż͵Ľ¿УȻɸһӣѨʪ
ɱ棬ĸо˲䴫ÿһ䡣

Ƭ֮ҿʼʶͬʱ˫гһ죬ͷ
ȻûпƣһƬɿԿǱϣ׻
һƬֹۣһëѨխݣŮһ㡣

ֻӲ׳ڰ۵͹ǰһأѨ
˲Һ󻬣ÿһ£ͷƵСѨͻڰݣͷγ
Щۺ⣬⻭˵ˡ

ԸеĽײǰʶ촽ſʹ֮
У˲ɵͣʤЩƵŮ˽УҪ
ϰٱǧκεĴҩӵĴ߶

ѾǵڶHŪѨˣؽſ־֮΢ȴ
ǿˣͣȻһƬӲڽխǻ
ͦ۵ڽţͷÿʵײһֻ
ƺϣǰξСһ㣬Ĺ˱Źͷ
ӹġ

ҹ˫֮䣬ͦHŪѨڴڵĴ
ŴķԽԽĿѾռҵӣ
쳣ҵĴǶôΣգ״У
ֻҪİ׻ͷѨ

šŰ

﷢󽿴ɢҵķ˿ڽĵǰƮţ
Ľ˫Ŀüͷ΢ʣ˫ٴ߬ס˴˵ʹ໹
޳ȴԲķʶ
塣

һҾϲ֣ǰ㣬˫ֳؿ࣬
գʶԽԽ졣

űְ鷿Щͣԥ˺ð죬¶ģ
һڿˮʱֹͣHŪС쵽ı˺ð
죬ڽ⿪ؿڹҿۡ

Եʣû˹ͷ۱ҰŪժ
֣˶鷿ҵǰ

΢ȥؼֱƽڴϣ
磬׹ˣȴԵûԲϣӣ˰
ͷѾֻӲҴСɫ֮Ů԰ҲɫӨ
ۿɰ

˫֣ΡΡĵط鷿ϣֻô壬ϸ
֬һָ죬һ־Ȼ޷ץʵֻſڸͣ
Һ˫鷿һСʱ軳̵
һ߲ͣĸԼ̫ˣ̫֣ôȥҪ
ˡ

Ƭ֮ɿ˫֣ϸͦӯ
İ׻ѨУʶ˫ʢ˰齬̴
ӣײζ

ͣˣ˵ɡѨ
ڳԽԽ죬ҲԽԽ󣬾˶·γһˡ

ššءӡ

Ϣ֮Խ޳ϸȾȻؼ
סҵƨɣͷѨ֭ˮ磬Ѩ⾷Ρ

šҪᡭӡܡ

˫ֿʼҵץŴ촽΢ţ𣬰ۻļ
һϸܵıϢ֮һƬش

Ҳڽʵ̫ˬűףж
Ѿ࣬һ֮Ծһ
⣬һ߷ĳ履ͷѨһ͹֮һ䣬
ԸеĽƵĳ鴤Ҳһͺ𣬸űףȽ

촽΢ţٵĴŴ۵ļһƬ죬ΪҺ
ʪճȴĶǺɶɵζ

侫֮󣬼ȥ־ٴϮ泱
裬ҷ·Ѿܵĵʱϲסð麹ֽŷ
˸о

Ƭ֮󣬶߶µժ˼ϵıףȻ´С
ӡ

ȻӣûȥʵƵģڽխСѨ
Һ˰ĭѰҹ֮ҵʪ
ֽǿɫ˿ڿ㣬زͷѨָ
ģģ۵ĸƵġ

˰׻Ѩŵðְ贩ϣǴʱ޹ǣô
Ҳȥɴӵһԣ͵Լģˣʲ
ô֪ˡ



ʲô֪Ҳȷ뿪ʱȶӶµĶ
תˡ

½ǰſڷϾ˺ð죬û
춯½˯ˣŻصɳԣһͷȥ

ɳϷȥôҲ˯ţﲻͣŭӣ
ӿ־壬ͷƤһһķ飬ֽűһֱ麹ָо
ǰйСʱ͵͵˰ְֵǮȥʱ˵ĲУؼҵ·
µòСʱϾС㱻ˣҲһٵ¶
ɾͲͬˣҪ֪ˣֱӾ͸ҿˡ

ȻµҪͬʱֲϵػζŽȥڵĸо
׶ѾˬĿҪˣҪõӲȥʲôоأ

ʲôоء

һǿ־壬һǲСʱǵû˯ţ
˵ԽԽˣٴӲİġ

һ°ɣһ°ɡ

·ħڶߵૣԥãܲջ鷿ȥ
ɸҪƿţ־ʵ̫ˣ˯ŵıϾԼ
裬ͷһпԭڶԽϾűףҪ
һΣ̫˵ȥˡһٶİ

ſǻãתɻɳϣ˫ֱأҪϽ˯ߣ
ɷȥ˯ţȺģԽԽӲˡ

ͷŽȥһ԰ɣѾȥˡȻűףȥ
ǲȥˣѳΪʵˣǲݸıġ

Ͳһ£Ͳһ°ɣ˽Ҳûлˡ

ҹʹٴ鷿ǰűԥ˺þã²
ġתߣ־ŷһᣬʵڿϧͳźˡ

ôţתصǰԥ˺þúþãڹ
š

鷿ǺһƬ΢¹ֻܽϵ迴
ŵСȥ̽˹⻬ԲĽѾ

ҵֱǺҺƬ֮˳޳
һ·ϣԸ˵Ѩһڿˮж䷢ģ
Ͳȥһ£ͽȥһ²׵ĸоϾͰγ

ѵ˯㣬ϴÿСķֿ˫ȣȻ
·ɫ˿ڿ㣬ٴμ˰۵ͷѨ

ΪѾ˼СʱˣѨҺѸɺԣȱ֭Һ󻬣϶Ūʹ
ġһţһħƵģͷ쵽˫֮䣬ͷ
ڰµѨڴһ¡

ֻһ£оͷˡ

ȵıϢڹ౥İ׻ϣ쳤ͷСһһ
һµͷѨŤ߽

ҵĲиŬ£͹ˮ壬𤻬о
ˣַżӲĴָѹסͷڷ
յѨ촦ǰһƣͷ˲û֬Ѩ֮С

û˱׵ĸоʵ̫ˬˡ۵ѨڣС
Ƶģ˶Ĺͷס˱šͣƬ̣һ࿪
۵ͷѨֱһƵףխĻǻ͵ı쳣

ˣûб׵Ҳˡ

ӾƵĲһ£﷢һƺߣѨ
ܵҲ֪Ƿ񷽲ű˸оѨھȻ𤻬ĳһ
֭Һİһ㡣

ͷʵʵڵĶ˷ޱȵĻϣ˱
صİţˬĸоֱκԶ޷
ģҵĻҪˡ

šš

Ťӣ﷢ߺ

ƽһ¿Ҫ࣬ס˵Ѩڴ
ţһβҲǲ壬νҲǽȻͺˡ

գ֫һʣͷٴζѨ׻ģȻͦѨڣ
Ľء

Ļʵ̫ˣۣÿζȥ
֣Źͷһ䶯˱ˬҹͷӶҪˡ

ššš

ҵĶԽԽ죬轿ҲԽԽѨҺҲԽӯ
ǰٴ˰׵ҫ۵ˡ

ˣˣоֱ̫ˬˡ

޳Ƚſ̲סȣ˼ϣ
ѹƨ׮һһһµ͸ɡ

ššš𡭡š

˯еܲ϶ģǴӺƳƵģ
ѩӯСűڼϣųһһµĻζţֺƺ
ڼš

ѾЩͷԷȣˣͦ϶£δεףֱ
ģѸĹĵİ׻ͷѨġ󡻵졣

ҪԺţԺHǸöˬѽ~ ٻ
ʮ꣬Ҳˡ

ƵԵʣÿεףͷصײĻϣʱĻ
ҪͣŤƨɣͷŻģһÿÿʱ趼ᷢһ
ϸĽ쳤ѩ׵ĲСǲܵӣʹ
ҡ

ǻڵ⣬ҵĳ壬нļѹֻС
֣Ūһ㣬֮Уȫ

ĿҪ֮ʱյ˫ۺȻһϸ죬Ϣ˵
ϹϹͣ𶯡𶯡

Ҳ֪ȷΣһ£ŵǶҪˣ
ڰ׻ѨڣһҲҶˡ

üͷĿң촽Ϣ

˭СС

군ˣˣ

ŵʹһ飬ȴ͵˸ǣﺰţ
Ȼſϣʶ

šͣŰ𡭡𡭡

豻HĽ˵һ仰ԸеĽͣزţ
ȻסҵļѨذƵ䶯
š

š¡̼һ֮ͦ󣬹ͷڻϣ̵ľ
Һӿ



ſϣߴ֮Ҳ̧ۿҲȷ
Ƿ˹ҾȻѾҺ¶ôҲ
ȥˡ



ְΣСĽ˳˫΢
ﲻסĴϢţҲ֪Ƿѡ

Ҵ㶵ĿãȻ˸˫ڣĴ
˴صĴϢ֮

ҵˡһ£ʲôˡҾǵ˱
ģҲ˲ӣ´ĵߵҵش
·ҲƵĳ˼š

λҰһ˵ĽֵĿĵεš
֮ǺεȵŭҲ֪衣뵽ҳߣ
뵽ɱ־ţӱչ鲻ǰ취ԵʼҪԵġ

콥ˣҸоԼĩԽԽˡҲһ½ңҲ
ԼĻؼңֻ˼ɣƵģϷ̼񾭣ʱѹ
п־塣

쵽ʱֻˣԥ˰죬߶µһ
ʾ½Ե˿˽

ιĶȥˣľˣҲѧ

ǱȽϻģԵķһ㣬̾˿˵
¶ڡڡ

Ķأ

ˡ

šҲˣǰοء

ŶҰɡͿģûʶԼ˵ʲô

ôˣоֵֹģ½Щɻ

ûûСˣҡأ

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ûôߵʱûء½ȻٺһЦ
ϣǲһ

Բɵһʵʲôʲôһ

װˣ϶͵͵鷿ȥˡŵ裬
ǲһ

ȻͲµˣ̲סȵʵǹģ

ȻôõĻᣬôܲúõˣһأҪҺȶˣ
ʵҿ϶ֻһӣ
Ц

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æⱲӶ˯裬е̫ˡ

½Цһ󣺡˵ˣϽѧϾҪĩˡ

죬졣ʶصͷӦš

Ҷϵ绰֮ҼϷӱʵȥ¡һֱ
浽ϣû˯ҲûԷֻҪһͣҾͺµܲˡ

ô죬½˺üε绰ҷӦȥ
ˣʵܲˣɴصֻ

ϰսһһҹԲȲ˯
˸Ҷһ棬˸ȡҶǶھͳԲȥˣ
۾ˣһ۾ͻ䣬µҪôҲ˯š

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ҲѹͲȥ롣

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ͷһȻذ̣վҵŭĵ
ҡ

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쳤˲߿

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ذԱ߸ŵϰ壺˼ˣ

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Ǹѧܷѧذʡ

֤ѾꡣҲû涨ǰɡϰ庬Ļ


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ϳ֮ذŤͷʵֳʲô۶أ

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Ӳ

ҡ

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裬

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ҹذ̻֪࣬Եһ̽ŵ
ʵǡڣôˣ

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㵽ôˣŵ죬ѧˡ

ҿɲҸʵʵ˵Ƕ趯֣ذ̵ıƢֱӾ͸
ˡ

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תûĺ˾䣺

ԥ˰죬׳ӣ˽ȥֻڿɳϣ
ӣַŶͷʹڵ˰Ʋʱı飬һҲ
ûκηӦ

ûгԺϢãѾ˥ˣп־嶸
Ȼ˶㣬ֻֽűͷĿѣЩˤڵأҺ½ۼ
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ذ̽Կӵ輸ϣ˵ŸʲôϽϸ


Сҷ˲֪ٴˣô󶼱ҵĻ
ƭȥˣص̫ˣͲǵǸϸܽġ

ô˵һǰŲͷ˵裬Բ


ͷַûκηӦ

ذ̼״æԲߣ˵Сϴˣ¶
ܹȥһ˵һ߸ʹɫ

ϥһͨһ˵裬ҡⲻǹ
ģҴˡԭһΰɡ

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أؿھҪ˵ʲôͻȻ̧һƣݺݵҵ
ϡ

ҧһҲҿԡǰĴ򣬵ȴδô
ղһƣܸоʹȫҪ
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·˲䱻Ƶģһ̱˴ϣѹֲסĵʹ࣬


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ûôԶҲûϢã弫ײ˼֮
һѣΣһ˵ϡ



                             2.2



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Ŀɰ

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֪һֱ˫εĳ򣬴ҷɣɹ

ȥ룬ӵ̫ҿÿϦҲб仯

֪һֱ˫εĳ򣬴ҷɣϣ



ɤ峺͸ɬ֮дһ˿ɣУˣȴָһ
η壬ͷǰ

û뵽Ǹ龫ֵСħŮ边ȻôҲͣ
˽Ųվ󣬾š

һ룬ŵͻȻվֱվڻ⣬Ȼͷ
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ģ

ڹ𣿡¶СħһЦݣǲˣ

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ĸңŵЦҡ

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˵һ˸Ȧߣơ

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á

þͲ𣿡ɴ˸ʳָȥ
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İǸͷ𣿡

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ŵƽ˵ţ˲Ͼ䣺šǸְ֡

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Ϊʲô

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ȥԣҲܻȥҡ

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ֱٰͰͻˡȻ
ҴСͲĴ־躦Ұ֣Ծ;ҡ

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Ժܴ򿪡ԭΪֻû˸ĸȱͥذû뵽СС
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쳣͵С⣬ӻָҵʵ̲ס˾䣺㡭Ϊ
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ȻҲܱѽ

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ϲˣöԸϲŮϲ

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ʵиԼ㻹ǵ𣿡

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Ҫ˯ҪӦһ¡

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һͷ˵ðɡһҪڼҹģ
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ٽǰͷһӻ֣˵˾䣺˰ϵϡ

滶ӣӹһ˿¶˵ʲôо
϶ֹô򵥡



ؼҵ·ϣҪŵҵӰ죬һҪԣȡúóɼ
Żԭ£Ŀǰ֮ء

ʱϰͻˣҴкЬ䷢ЬϷ
һŷ⣬һһƬƬһһŮ粢ںӱɢ
⻹һЩƬڲԷ

ƬϵǸƨܣŮˣ衣


                             2.3


ƬһһŷЩƬıȻûһ˿
ǳ·ҲģȻЩƬ֮ǰĵġ

ʱϰִӳˣվش˵ʲôأ
ϴֳԷˡ

ҳϰֻ˻Ƭʵˣ

ϰƽ˵ˡ

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ϰֺǺһЦʲôġ

ǰϴΡ

ϰֻͷƬ˹˵ЩƬҿˣ
迴ˡ

⵽ʲô¶ôоŹŹֵֹģҼֱϰָһͷˮ
ˡ

Ͻϴȥɣ˷úѧϰûʲô¶

ҽˣһѧʲôϰѽ

һ·Ž˳ϰֱҲʵûа취ˣ˵
ġ

ģʲô˼ѽ

ϰֽ͵ϴ˼ƬҸ͵㻳ˣ϶˹
ƻҸĵĹϵ˽һ£һʼǶǳ
ɵģܰҸ趼ǱȽϤģѧʱǸ
ӣ˽Լ輸ΣûҲûپˡ

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ϰ˵˼ǣȻģѧʱҲ׷裬
Ҳȱˣֲ飬αظôСϷô
ɢأ

ǾˣǲѾ֪˭ˣ

µһˣûȷе֤ݡǸͷ˾
ܡ

ѽҸǸʲôܼ棬ʱע
Ǹʲôƨˣûע

ϰּͣǰ͸˵Ͷ˼ˣ
ǰˣǶġԴ֪ͳͬѧ֮
İǢһʼҲûе¶Ƭ
֮󣬾е㻳ˡٰŹʱ򣬾͹ܳȥ
һȦ˶ٷԭΪƬˣûˡ٣˭֪
һ¶Ƭˡ˵ǲǱŻء

ϰôһͣеˣ־ﲻԾ˼Ƭ̣
˵ҾţôҪǸʲôܣҲϰ
ԿŶ衣

ţϰȻûҵ˼

˵ǰ˵ˣųȥɢԷƬһ
֤

ϰֳ˼ãҼ򣬸һ϶뿪֮ҵ
ͻȻðһ뷨Ƭ᲻Ϊ˸ϰֳԶ裬
ĵأ

һ룬ĵģΪʲôϼĹαҪȵ
ڹϼĹءȥǸʲôƨɡ

ô˵ǾԲġ



ѧĩˣҲ֪ΪʲôԴ쿴ЩƬҵ
鷴ӵķˣټʱͷ׶̹ɵƴɼ׷
˲١ǰʱʵ̫иֻǸոպü˰༶ǰʮ

ҲƽʱĳɼҪ֤ҵںŬԶ
ϲµΣЩʧ

ԴϴԼ㰲ŵҹ֮Ҳûҹˡ˰ɣʱ
ǷҷңҷЩˡ

գۼ䵽ס磬ͷͻȻһ
žϲĺ裬~ 

ӡˡһ£־ϲ˲ö룬±ʾܳ˷䡣ֻ
վڿ˫ֽ§סûʲô飻ϰŴС
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§ס衣ֲңֻվſڣԶԶĿǡ

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ϰЦ˵վˣϽϢϢɣôʱûؼˡȻ
˵ŸʲôϽæ

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ƶһۣεİϰʰ

ϰ³һӷʢͣΪӷ硣ϣ
ƵģԲҲ˵϶ûʲô顣

ЩΣϰȾӣЦ˵˵¶
ҲҲһʱ䣬ڱҸˡһ
һЩĿİģףҪۣͬʲôѣ
һ𿸹ȥòã

~ ˷ܵؾʢ֭ıӣһ㷴
ӦҲûУΨΨŵŵģֲҾ٣һô飬ԵЩ
ˡ

ϰָϽԲЦ˵㿴Ӹӷأ㡭á

Ƭ̣ص̾±Ϣǰıӡϰʾң
ҲϽ

ɱ~ 

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Ե裬ϻûб飬еˡ

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˺ð죬˿鶹ɣСļе迴û
ֱӾ͸˳ȥϡ

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Щֿ裬˺棬ֲʡ

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ѽԼĶӣ˶㻹ܲѽȻ˵㣬
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ô

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ڳšɻʱС꣬ϰȥ⳵һ
ǰԤõľƵꡣ

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ܲЦһѽ

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·ߵһС͹ԷΪڵοͺܶ࣬ϰ徹Ȼ˵
ͨĽ£սһС·˵·Ȼ
֪οͺ١

һ·϶û˵ʼտڳ;ķ羰紵


~ 

ͻȻ䣬ָ߽һŤͷȥȻһƬɫĺ
ˮΧڡ죬Ծ衢΢ܿɹǣô
ĵطȻûʲôο͡

ϰֽͣһȥ档ЬҪˮۏϰ
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ɢıӰЩȻֱ֮һˮ

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ô

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ûֻ

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ЦСãҿ㻹Ķܡ

˰ϸ۵Сڰصţѽ
~ 

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ӣֻҵֻһһͳֻҵĿڴ

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ˮټҺͱӾúܿ

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ء

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ߡ~ Сɷףˡ

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ȥ

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һӣͷ￴һֻۣ׻һƬ⣬Ȼ̧ͷ
𣿡

ڣѽҺ£

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йл֮ġ۵ġһ£ָС
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Զһˮ

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ſǻɤ˵~ ˣ

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㡣

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ҾͿʼƴϰΡ

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˱һڱ˵㲻

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Ҳͷ˵㲻డ

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˳ֽ˹ŽȻͷ顣

񾭲дˣɡ˵š

û㣬ȥɡ½ˡ

ϰ˵Ҫ˯ˣȱһˣɡ

ò׳ȼ٣Ƶķ羰ôãڷ涷
湻ĵġ

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ҡαѽһ

ұεܲˣŤε̾Ϣûѧϰ
ءҪôģɴϰȥɡ

üͷһί˵㲻Ҹ磬Ҹѧϰġ
㵽˭

ǻһ˵ţһ߽ӡôһ
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վũʮˣΪοͺܶ࣬ڸض˺ֱ
ũڡ

һں̲ɢܻѣұž롣
һȫҺӰ費գҪؾƵ꣬ϰֺͱӲ˻


˸οͰæǴ絹ͦεģһվĺܲЭ
ָ˵վм䣬ְְŮ谤С磬~ 
ǰһЩռ

ϰְվλм䣬ƵԡҲû
תһԣơ

Ĵϰֵֻֿ˵С̫Զˣ΢
ý㡣

費Ϊϰæ˵ţ㰡ôԶʲô
㶼վͷȥˡ軹ûж˵Сק


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ԥһ£һҧס֣קʹ˦
Ҫѣ˵ʲôҲ֣ӲĽߡ

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ϸ֣ЩЩţһĺЦ쳣Ӳ
ϰֺͱ˰POSSЦĸĿġ

˼࣬罫ֻϰֱˡɽ֣
쳣ؽţ첲ˡ

бؿһۣһ˦ԹԵĳǰȥһ仰û˵

ıӰüɻ󣬵ʵ㵽ô
ˣôĵġ

ҡҲ֪~ ˵סһӻ֣һͷ
߿ˡƲƲ죬ߵһ

ҹƵŵƽʣһƬɫҪǺ棬Ϊص
ء

˲ٳιĹڼͥǰõλϣ
ֶžƱ˵ʮһˡȥһѽ
ܲסҪл裬Ϊάң˺ܶ࣬Ҫ
࣬ϻҪٳּȴȫңһ

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Ȼѩ׵Ĳһ

ϰִһã㡣ȻҲоһڸɵţ
˱ƣ˵СҪμӸ߿ˣ࣬ҪͣŬȡ
Ĵѧ

æϰϰּұŵǹ֭ҡͷ˵꣬
Ҳˣšһ㡣ơ

͵͵һۣϽҡͷ˵ˣǺȹ֭ɣȾƲá

ϰֶԱ˵˼ѧУһҲزΣƽ
ʱߣҲҪѧԼչԼˡ

æ˵ֲ֪Ҹ磬ԼչԼġ

Ҫؾ䣬˪Ľӣֲ̫ˡ

ϰܽȻһĿİܵ˵ԲġԤ
ףһˣµһ³ɣһˮؼһ֡
~ 

˶ӾΨԥãվ
ֻƱһ

ҹɳ̲Ϸ̻

վϰߣͷҹȥվں治Զ㶵
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ļǿŮˣؽͷϰֵļϡҵһʹһûڣ
вͣİԼ쵰ô㣬㾹Ȼ˺裬ǻ쵰
硣

ңȵʵ㡭ôȦˣ

һ±ӣ̻̫Ưˣжˡ

üͷ뿴񾭲Ŀңһ

ʱֻϢһƣǰŵģô
ȻһССħŮԼ

ұһڹ⣬ܹȥˣ´ֻ̼ܼ򵥵
˵˾䣬£ȥˡ

ãŵ˾䣬ҵ㡣㲻Ҳߡ

ҸæصҲǹˬԼ£ˡϽ
ȥ

ãҲδõظҶ㿪صƵ꣬ǰ̨绰
˰Ҳӣ򼸴ΣѾͷȻֱӹػˡ

еˣҲ֪ôˣȻϵЩ̺ۣ
һʱ벻ʲôɵɡ

н֣޲ùϻȥǲʵġ˵
˵ȥԼĴӦ˼ҵ¶ָˡ

ļ죬Ǽڵ棬ұż˲ϵظŵţҲ
֪ûյʼûиһš

ҲżȫдҵϣʱʱĻ
ңȴδѯʡЩʧ䣬ʱܹһ䣬
ңҹƶἤġ

ԭڳ巵ģǵõϢ˵̨Ϯǰһ
С

Ҳ֪ϰǲǳԻ˶ӣȥ˼β޾ɵģ
еˡڵȷɻʱͻȻϵĽָûˣ绰ؾƵ꣬
ǰ̨Ҳ˵ûм輱ˣ˵ҪȥңϰּѵĴλվ˵
ȥҰɡ

һѽ˻ȥ˵㶼ˣվվˡ˵Ť
죬һ£תͷԱ˵չ˺֣Ͼͻ

ǰߣϰֶ˵ȥһˡҳƬ̣ͷӦ
Ȼת׷˳ȥ

һ⳵λҾ͸ż˽ȥһ
üʵʲô

һЦϰֲģȥ

ò㣬ȥɡܲͷһԲΪ
бһۣʾ˾

ǻصƵʱָѾ͵ǰ̨лȻת
ߣһ仰û˵·ǸƵġε̾˿ͷ
ȥ

˵ɣٴλصʱۼһȺˣڷ
źʾ

ѯ˾磬֪ؾչʱ绰
˵ǷɻҪˣôû˵˾Ͼ͵Ȼ
³æϡ

ʾȺֱĹסȥ·˵ŵ
صԡͼӢǽǼͬѼ輱ˣҪ
ӲﴳһظŮһѡ

贩Ǹ߸Ьĵ˼һӰѽŸˡ
ŮģΧæǰſ˫ۣţSTOP~ 

һ֮ҷ輷Ⱥ˳

üҧ·һһ˵ģ˦첲Ҫ
ƿȴʼռʯɿֻЭˣҷͣ


ʱϰִ˵绰ѯʣôûѾʼǻˡ

轫ƿû˵ûаչأǽȥ

ô죿

˵ô֪

Ҫȡ˰ɡ

һ£˵ˣʹˣ漸춼ûɻˡӲ
ãʲôͱߣҺ͡Сһȥ
ֻгɣͷشߴٵˣϽǻȥɡ

ɻϰֺͱˣҺһ뵽Ҫ
İĹϼ죬ּֽš

һۣɵüͷʵЦʲô

ҸϽװһ޹ӣãȻʵûаʲôʱ
Цˡ

Ƭ̣Ϣϣ˽ס



                             2.4




˽ţϢһ䲻Ķ˵

ŶŶԴӻ֮û˵Щ
Ӧ

ظһ飬ɱ䣬Щͷ

æӦһȥ⳵ϳʱƵһߡ
ȵ˾Ƶ³һȳһյߣÿһ亹ֱҧ
úʹӣԥһ£ӲͷƤȥҺֻ
ԵĿһ£㲻پܾˡ

Ϊչµÿ̨缴ϮƵķ䱻ˣո
˵䣬Ҳֻʣһ䡣ͬǰ̨ãõĴʼ
ֻһ䣬ٲ䷿Ҳûˡϵ˼ҾƵ꣬ͬʵ
û취ֻεס

˷֮첲һ˦⽫Ҷ̱ϣ
̫Ѩƣֹʲôù¶ˡ

ⲻǺС˵˾䡣

̧ۿңϽͣӾﶼôݵ飬
϶ֻʣһ䡭

˵ЩƤ飬һĸӹϵϵı
һ仯ûУģշˡæϣԹ
ڴ

İСʱĸôţ˭Ҳûٿ
ǽϹӷĵδ⣬һ춯ҲûˣЩˡ

ϣһĶңҴҳһڣӶ
һˡʮ꣬׻ʲôоˡ

չȽţоеҪ򣬿Ҳ֪ôˣǲȥ
ʵڱﲻסˣΡΡĽ־һЦ衭С
㡣

ûңҲûѵңȻԴķ˸ۡҾǵõ
ʥּƵģɿĴڽ˲

ܺ赥ദ˵Իһ½ŵĹϵ¿ɺ
ˣˡǰϰֺͱڣܵһգھʣҸ
ˣסһʣ۵Сˡ

һֱ麹ƨϾ͸˴һܡڼ
֮жȹ˰СʱͻȻڻǴ죬ȥͿˣ
ʲôҪء˽ţ϶ǳȥˣֻҳȥ
ˡ

վʱҲվͬʱסˣ
ңҿƬ̣ͬʱ

ֹʮӣʵ̲סˣ̽Ŷ˵裬ܳȥ
𣿡

ŤͷޱĿҡ̽Ե̧һƨɣ˾䣺
ǡҡҳȥ˰

ֱĿңû˵ܲѹֵˣһҧ
Ѿܳ˷䡣

뿪Ƶ֮󣬴ڴڵĺŻźζʿһе
ᵽɵĸо

ͦģʾİչ飬Һģⳡڹ
ɲҺվڽ֣ĶͳһĿںţûһ
ǰһӳ֣űǹȺ˲

˶ʼܣұ¶ҲûʲôϵҲղͷ
ɡ֣Ⱥӵγɿֻ֮ƣҲе
ˣȺһ󳷣ŻŵĻص˾Ƶꡣ

վڿͷ˺ðţŰҴ򿪡ȥ֮ĨһѶͷ
ϵĺŴ˵ˣɲܳȥˣҼˡ

üԥƬ̣ʵôˣ

Ҳ֪ͦҵġ˵֮Һ뵽˳Ĭ֮
У໥

ռٴ֮ʱҺȻѧϰתע
ҺԼţûбϰǴعҸϽͳα
ǰͷ

ҿʼѧϰڴֻʱվڴǰ
ôһֱĵϣһ佻ҲûС

ĸһԵģ˯϶ǲһ˯ˡ

Ѿʮһˣ迿ڴͷͷȣϵ·
ģһĮĿҡóѾЩˣ϶ĸ
˯һ˵Ҳס

˵԰ĵ˯ҾԲʲôֵˣ
ֲ֪οڡҸоЩڸߵǰһƿϣ
͹һڡ裬ͷʵȵʲô

迴ңûлӦֻĬˣӱóһޱơ
Ц˵ȵơưɣҼǵ˵ơ˯

ۼɫ䣬һ˫ϸĵ۽ɱ
ʶԼжûԼͣȻϽһƿţ̡

ӹţ֮󣬽תһԡ뻹Ӧøһ£
Ƭ֮󣬿˵裬ʵʵϣĲǡ

졣

˵˵һ룬ͱֹסˣε̾˿˸ͷ
ȻӰһ档

ɲңţ֮󣬱ŴͷֱĶң
ݣȻϱۡϣŲҲ첻ֱȣƨɺ
ſգȻǺܲġܵģǳ䱸Ŀ⡣

˰СʱҾ̫ãվͷߵ
ǰͷ˵˾䣺ϱ֤Էġʵ
ģ԰ӵǰ档˵꣬䡣

ԡ˯϶ǲģֹֻҲ첻ֱʱ
ᱳȳӻˡ

һˣɴڴϣֻͷң
ɫҲ̫ãô·˯ģҸһ˯Ҳ̤ʵ

ɿͷԹֿ֮ʼ㵽һѧϰȥˡԾû
˵ʱʱĻᷢһ΢͵͵۴
ڴߣʹŽףʹѾֺˡ

һ£±ʣ˵Ҫȥҵҩˮɡ

áĻһ

ĽŶ׳ˡ

þǲá費ͷ˵ɡ

ȥͷ飬ҲĲҲкˣ
˷䣬ҵǰ̨ѰһЩƵ˵ص
ߣȻһԵļ顣

趢Ƭ̣šӣͿ󣬵ʹǻ


ôֹһ죬ҰԼؽ䣬˯ԡ˵ڶ죬
ˣ΢һ۵졣

ҲͣŲӣߺģ̲ס˾䣺㲱ô
ˣ

ͻȻģϲ񣬵ǸЦŻ˾䣺û
ʲôе

û˵ȴϲô˵Ҳ裬ҷ˶Ĵ
ùʱҪҵġ

һһϤϤžͼӴ
һһ˵ĵߵҵ˫ַҵĲϣࡣ

ģϸֻֻ˼£ʹϻˡȻˣҵ
ֵÿҪˣ̲סЦˡ

ʮӣתص˴ϣмʼճĬûһ佻
ѾˣҪٶе㲻ʶôˡ

ôһСεĲҵ鳩ˣһ춼̵ģԷʱ
򶼲ЦƺƳ˹Ź֣бۿңҸæԼ

ϣұͷʱȻסң㡭
̰ɡ

һʱûзӦͷ衣

һۣޱĵ˵˯ϰɣȥԡ˯ˡȻ
϶һ

Ŷҹɵĵ˵ͷȻڵ̺ã۾裬
ȥӲĵذȻȲĴ棬˯ԡҪûӰ
ˡ

蹲һ䣬ֱټڵϷ
ȥӱһ˯žͷϲʱ𷭴һ
Ҳ˯šҲ֪ôˣͻȻСʱ˯ʱܻ
ſҵĶߣ߳³

ȻĲôҲҼΪ̵ͯ䡣

~ 

ϵǲ˵ϵ衣ϵգѽգѽ
³

ڵϣغ߳š

䲻˵˾䣺ˣҪ

̲סЦܱѽ˵ҾͺˣϽϣ
װ˯

ٴγšãϴһ̾ϢԹΡ
һʹС˾䣺裬˯𣿡

ûлػԹԵ˵ǵСʱǮˣ
ǲ͵ģҲϡ˵󲻿£ֻҪ¸ҵĳϴ
ͻԭҵġ

û˵Ҽ˵֪ҷĴ̫ˣˡһ
ϣԭһΡ֪ô˵˽ǡ裬ҡ
Ⱳû˭УҲûѽ

˵ҵȻ

ʱһ̾Ϣ

̫ˡ

΢΢Ĳţ΢͵سϢῪʼ
ֹס

裬ˣ˴ѧҾ͡ȥסԺ󡭡Ҳ
ˡ

û˵̲סˣͷصĿ



ҺĹϵûΪҹ̸ͣĸ֮ĽҲֻ
ڱҪܸоղǰôˣ벻Ϊ£
˵ˡ

극ĬվҵಱҴ
ΪжΪչֻڹľģ˳Է˯ϲ֮⣬ȫʱ䶼Ŭ
ѧϰ

ڹ̨磬ʾĶҲûˣһ£̨ͣ
ˣͿԷɻعˡ˵ﻰЩãΣ
ʲôô۵ֻۣҪܺһҵľѾ
ֿˡ

գڷˣգҪȥߡٳǰ
ڴҩĽѾۣСɿɰǰǳϲ
ţÿμһĪĳ嶯ʱİ׾Ըе㣬
Ȼûһ㷴Ӧ轫Ҹϳȥһɫ˿࣬
ûһĳ嶯

ҷ˾Ƶ꣬ƵźС·ɢȻһ·϶û
˵벻ųҵļˡ

鿴ź̲һȦ֮˼
ȥ

ڻģģ߲ʱҵĶ棬
˹ĳſ㣬Ƶģڵȡ谮Եʳ

ǰЩӣĸ֮Ĺϵʵ䵭ЩҲû˵ڣ
鲻Żһ¡

衭Щ˵һ¡

̧۴ûп

ҽŵһڿˮΣ˵ʵϡ

˸ͷȻüͷһ壬ϡһҲûе£
ͷ˵ţ½ķȥġ

ѽСſϡ

಻ţĲ֪Ϊ˯ŵ½ء

ұ죡ǳ⡣һæ̧ͷȥֻüͷ
ټһһգ۵Ĺԭѩ׵͵ͨ졣

һæʵôˣ

ۡ˵ʼˡ

ǡǡǲѽǳԻѽҼͷ
ֱðȹϵһ

ҧأＷʹ۵˵ˡ
üԴԼ侲˵оȻоȻ
һ£һ¡һ߰裬һͳֻ绰

ҺҽԺڸһȻˣ泵һͬǰҽԺһ·
֣߬ԭͺֱ˲Ұɫһǵһμ
ôʹӣſߣͣİο

òװҽԺ֪˼βףҪ϶Ȼ
ʲôҪĴ󲡣ۿ豻ƽңﻹǽŲѡ

ԥҪҪͻϰ֣ȥԶڹڣ
һʱҲɲαǸżء

ԼĪһСʱڽˡҽ֪һ˳ʱ
˿

Ž벡ֻŷɫ԰ף˫۽գڸո
Եʣƽɣֻϰбڲϡ

ŵ˹ȥ˶Ȼ̧Ҹ
˫֣ס

Ÿΰο裬跴˾䣺кŮ

һ㶡

һƣɵһţЦˣһΪ
һء

һ͹ĵˣһѽҪ˵
ġ

ҪسˣˣƤӣԾһաһۣҪ
֮гϧֻգŤһԡ

ģģ᲻ɿ

裬ҵʱǲر۰

ĬƬ̣˵˾䣺۵Ҫ

Цʵϰ˵ڲһֱ˵
ʮ˴˸飬ҽʿǸֻˡ

ţҵʱ룬˺Ͼ͸顣ĻдЩ
٩ζôˡ

Ϊʲô˱

֪

ڴߵ˵Щ¶һֱû˵

Ťͷҡ

ЦЦʵСʱرޱһֱСѧҵҶ

Ϊʲô

¡ҵͷʶŪϸָһֱ
رĳҡ

ҳҲ㰡Ұ㶼赽ȥˡʹֳ˳
תһԣ̾˿ֹ˾䣺޷ˡ

ҷԽԽˣղųԷʱʵϲӦ
ģǽͣǶβľ

ʵõİ취ľǾ迪ģͽŵաǸ
ˣʮֵļǿʱϴˢǿģһĲ
ظ𣬾ǲͣĽҿ˰̣ȫʵ䷴ЩӦ뵽ġ

һؾƵ˷䣬·ҽԺ費˵
ҾĬһԣѧϰ費ˣҾһƣ
˳Ҵһ±

סȻǵ˲ûи㻤Ա׼˯ĵطֻ
ӣϰſڴͷϣ㻻Ҳֻܿαϣˡ

ҲͣĻƣӷ춯費ͷ̾˿Թ
ܲܰ㡣

ҰҰҵһ£ӣ̵̨ϡԺ
֮У˯⣬Ӳ󿿣һӷ˹ȥ
һ졣

ëҺòײ˯šĺһȻһ
üͷ˵ˡ

ǹġεĴӵЦԲ𣬶Բ
˯˯

˯ʲôѽ̾˿һ˵ʵڲؾƵɡ

ĶɰҽԺӵôܻǸ
ǼƵ꣬סںءⲻȥܡ

ľګе˵Ҹܡ

ҷӣ˻ȥԥһ£˵ҪҪҸ
Цɣ

бؿһۣȻһмתһߡ

ɤӣһĽиĻʿ뼼У
۵໽Сʿ͸˸⣬Ҹ˯Ĳ֣
ȥûѣ˵򵽼ˡǻʿȥ˸˯Ĳˣһ
룬ƫˣǲûѡͼƫˣһʮ룬
ǲͻȻһ㵱˰ʿŵĶӡڶ죬
Ժѻʿйȥˣ֣˵̫ˣʮֲ˶
ˣ

˵֮ҿֱЦûһЦ⣬Ըɿ
Ρ

еʱˣ̫ЦˡɣٸһʣУ
ʲôֺǺǵʵ裬֪𣿡

һۣûлش

裬һ£֪֪

֪費ͷĵһۡ

ǡȥĶˣ

һЦ֮󣬼ɫĿңЦ𽥽ӲȻ
˵ⲻ붺һЦ

һЦȻõѿǰɣ

ȷʵ̫ʣεͷǡȷʵͦΣյġ
ҺҵЦ̫ЦûЦ

費ңֻšһʵ
˵𣿡

˵ʲô

˵β

ûС

ҸϵҰɡ

ҵܲζЩɥŤ˵һ㶼뿴
˰

˵ѧ磬Ҫסһءֹ
Ͻع˿ѧ

ôһ˵ҵЩתˡȻҵġ

̲סЦһ£˸ţʵЦʲô

ûЦ룬ҪúŬȡôѧ

衺šһûм˵ҺȻһǸ׽
Ļ⣬˹ȥʵ裬Ҹÿѧѽ

ңʣʲô㣿

ʡĲƾѧͦģũҲСʵڲУʦ
ҲС

תңôϢܲе׷󰡡

׷ʲôð廪ϱһ뿼ء
ңɫƣæĿڣȻˣ׷ҲҪеġ

ÿʲôרҵû

ǰ۹ѧţҰ˵רҵûʲôã
Ҳ֪ѧʲôרҵˡ

̾˿ѧʲôѧʲôɡ

İ

ˡ

~ лл裡ץס˰֣һڡ

һ漴˦ֱۣǳ~ 

ԼЩ֣Ͻɿ֣ˣΨΨŵŵ˵
˾䣺Բҡһʱ

ǰô֣ǵľٶҲйûԽôһ˵


ٴ뵹˳֮УʱѾˣȴһ˯ҲûС

ιȻ˵Ҹ㽲Цɡ

һʱûзӦ

СʱҸ־ܣһҾˤ־˵Ұܼҡ
ʱǼһԣˤ־͸Ժٳˣˤ
ˣҸʵĶһٳˡһ룬Ҳǣͬˡ
ңҵһƤʵĶÿһܣǶԺ
ҾҲûˤˡ

ЦͷƵʵʲôô򰡣

ѽ˵꣬һ˳

ŷӦٺЦҲаɣΪǼҵļͥг
ףҲֵˡ

죬ЦͣЦЦţȻָĵ
ĨĨһڱӣתһԡ

ҵ˵ܣΪԼһʱĻ䣬뵽޵׵
Ԩ֮У˺ۣһӶ޷ֲˡ

뼰˴Сʱ辭ҵĸ裬̲ס

֪ҹǻᳪ裬ҵҹһһ͡

֪ᳪ裬ͯĲǸһһ͡

סȴûߣŷһжԡ

ഺʣռǣ˿Ҫɰ׷ֻ׸裬صس

ϵǲ˵ϵ裬ϵ۾գѽգİ³


Ĳ԰ĸģҹҹĻ³




ͷ˫ۣĳšԽԽѹۿ
ת

ڳ߳ʱʿŽѹӢ
档æվͣҵĿﲻرãټ϶ԷӢȽϹ֣
˱Ȼ˰죬˼ͬѼ˭ҲԷ˼

ǱӣȻˣʿһ
ʿߺҲɵĴָ޵ӢӢ˵ӢﻹҪ


賰ЦӢ̫ˣ뿼󣬿廪
ȥ㡣

~ һչȥЦҸϰӢ
ɡ

Ƴһۣ˵ڻ˵ԶһЩ

ŶЩɥ˻ȥﲻͣԹʿղô
գˡ

̾˿˸ӣң˵˾䣺ˣϽ˯ɡ



Ȼûͬ⣬ڶȴʼҸϰӢˡҵĿȻã
ӢɼʵҲȥæϰǸӽɣװ
̫ӣҽ⡣

˵ʵĺϲſߣζָо
˳ҲﲻͣľԼҵ裬Ѿ˺һ
ˣԲеڶˣ붼ˡ

һ׾ӣװЩˣɼϡãѽ
ûϡȻҰ˰֣û˵ڲ뿴㣬
Ͻǰʧɡ

Ҹæο裬ǡֻʧѣƽʱɼ
ûôġ

ˣˣұĵۡѽϽȥɡ

ίεĿʵʲôʱܻѽ

ٻ

ھͳȥ

˵㡣

Ŷ

ҿͰ͵뿪˲ҽԺȻǱϳģ
ϸ룬̬Щ֣ǹҪҸϳƵġ

Īڲһһҹҳɷɣ

Ȼֻҵһ²⣬췢飬ҺĹϵ
ԵĻͣԡ£ﻹ̵ġ

Ź·һȦ˵㶫ҽԺ·ϣһһ꣬
룬ȥһܰ

ҽ벡ʱ⽫ʻҺ۾
ɫЩ̫áһõ˵Ŀѽ

һʱ֮侹Ȼ֪ôشˣ֧֧˵аɡ

ѵĵķһӣ㵹ȥĿ
ġ

ҳȥѽ

ȥͲ˰˵ӻģڼˣ

ҿһʱ䣬ص롣

Ƴһۣˡ

Ц˹ȥĿܰ˳ԭһϲ
û뵽ֻһۣͰͷתһȥˡ

ʧüӸͻҲһ¡

ͷ죬һѿ΢ЦȻ䵭˵˾䣺
῵ܰˡ

У´õ塣˵ڣһõ˼оЩף
Ͻһ䣺߹ʺܴ˰ɡ

ߵһϲʲô֪

һ룬ǡ

ϲʲôѽ

Ȼ費ͷڷһ䡣

УܿЦˣָòҽܰ嵽ϵĻƿ
յǰٺһЦ´޻

бңԶһ㣬ڲ˵

Уѧϰѧϰȥ

ֺǺǵĶ㵽һ߿ȥˡ



                             2.5



ദҺĹϵõԵĸơþӵ
ĵ绰֮ϰֺܿʹӹڷ˹ϰֵչˣȻ
Ҫعȥˡ

Ȼ˸ɣŤŤҪȴΪҪ
һȥ˸ϾҪѧ֮⣬һڼңǺܷĵġΪ˲
ҲֻհˣϾͷɻ˹ڡ

ʱⶣңһҪչ˺ãҵ
ȷľζܾţ˵ܸҶԱʲô
õ

ҾǵĵȫǶģһصʱ輸
һƬǽ壬˸ʳӻţСѾͷſɵĵɫ˯˯㣬
˲ɳϣ˯Ŵﻹֻ߬

һڼңͦѽ

˹ȥģûӦŮ۵ģЩ
Ӥʣܿɰ̲ס£˻֣һŤ˹ȥ
ֻּ˫ȼ䣬һš

ЦЦֽŻҴϣʱ̲ס
СҲ֪ǲоʲôȻѾҺҵ
¡

뿪ķ֮վǰ˼Ƭ̣Ȼʹ˸ĸ
ֿƣ㶵ǽϵĽաĸĸ׷
ϵϵѣڵϣϵõͣһ飬
ֱһκġ

ҺѾܹˣףҪȫң
Ҫܳһʱ䡣һꣿꣿꣿʮꣿһӡҲ֪

һңұ򱱱ע⣬һ˻
չ˱򲻵֮⣬˵һһεģû
ȫҵ

뼰˴ҵһáΪ˲Σģֻ
ƴѧϰԾĳɼȡĻˡ

ص֮Ҹŵ˸绰ǹػҵĳκͲ
һ±̳ҪûŮɱš
ƽ£ͣԵ˿

ڶ죬ıȥŵûӦֻɹػ¥µ
˰첻ӰʸھҲû֪ûޣֻҵŷֽ
ʱȥˡ

ҾʱһյĻ渡Ժ֮Сŵ
ֽ࣬ףŸ衣عͷʱٺ۵Сϣ
΢Цغһ硣

ҵ˼ڣͬ顢ۡΣһʱٸнҲ֪
ҵ׽ʲô𣿲ȫǡ

죬һֱͼҵŵȴʼûϢ˾˼
һѧУѧˣֻʱֹͣѰң˼ѧϰȥ

ѰʱҲ㲻ˣԼͳˡ

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ȻһöǵĸɻãȻѰң̧ͷȥ·ƹ
ϡɼԵͩһУŮŻֻ
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ҵ־ϲͷеʵ˺ü죬㵽ȥĶ
ˡ

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㣺㡭

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ţһֵݸһȥӣȴСһ㣬Ȼֱӷŵҵ
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˭˵Ҳģⲻеĺܺð˿~ 

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ŵЦ˵˵ܰ㡣

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Ŷŵ죬ͷ˵˰ɣ
ٹˡ

һ̬ȣ֪˵̾˿˵˵ô
ˣ˵㣬һ㡣˵㻰ġ

ŵߺߵʮû˵㻰

Ͻϳɡȥóٵ

ҷŰŵ˺ʻС·ϣһͷ
ţҲ𴲣ȡҳٵ

Ҫ磿

ɡ

ȥôʲô

ǻǨһ

ŶС

ΪҪٸҾ䣬û뵽Ӧôʹ죬õĻû
˵ˡ

ѧʱȥ㣬ѧѧУ

ʵûҪô鷳ڼžˡ

ʲô

һû˵ʲô˼ͼͻȻӳȥʹ
˵ҽŵŵأټͦģһˤڵأ˼

Ҵʧɫæͣ³˻ȥ㡭㵽ڸʲôѽ

ŵ۵ᶼˣȻЦѽϿȥҽԺɡ

ѽ

ŵдᣬЦҾǹġ

㡭ּ֪ô˵ˣҲڵ綯
ˣ⳵ͽҽԺ

˸Ƭӣҽ˿˵ǻãûмءŵһֱۣ
ҪסԺҺ˵˵ֺȰǲ˵һҪסҽԺסԺ
¥˵һðգֻŴһ


ˣôһ֣˵ٵˣֱӾǿˡԤϵһ
ʱĵ绰ˣĶһѣ
ŭСҪһ׼ͱٽˡ

ʵûˣֻʵʵ˵

һ㴫Ϥĸ߸Ьûźɫ
ȹӺɫ˿࣬ɫ߸ЬȻǴӹ˾ġһ
ҵĺ׾һƣʵ㲻ѧҽԺʲôˣ
˵գƼϵİŵɵüͷһ塣

ŵһЦ̺á

Ťͷңô

סԺ

㵽ô¶

ҳĶЦˣвЦʲôЦ

֮ǰҾˣʼҲһʵ
ɣֻʵʵ˵Ȼˣϴ¶ǸʡʡԾԵġ

ַ֮ͷһĳݡҽַϣ˵
䣺裬ûɡ

𿪣ңһͳֻ˳ȥ

һͷŰŵЦˣˣⶼƺõİɣ

ŵգˮĴ۾һãȻĿң˵ʲôѽ

ҿЦõĻ˻֣װ޹ˣô죬ʼ
벻ף֪㵽Ҫˡ

ҪʲôѽŵЦŷʵ

֪ʡҰһۡ

ԼĪ˶ʮӣ»ص˲ͬжģϰ֡

ô£ϰּŵ֮е㣬衣
ô֪ôⲻǵѽ

ְתңô㲻ȥѧŸʲô

ҡü¶Ҳ˵ģ֪ô
ϰֽ͡

ҷʱϰֵļ򣬶˵Ůڲ
أͲôˣ

ϰŷӦߵߣʵŵŵϵü춼
ϵϣôˣ

ŵƿ¶űȣ˵ȹˡ

ϰֵͷϸȣʵôģ

ŵЦ˵ﳵңˤġ

ͬʱĿͶұ͵ģ룬ˣ
ԽԽ鷳

ʱҽˣϰֺΧҽ˼䣬֪ŵûʲô󰭣
ԵķһЩ

ҽߺϰ֣ҪҪ֪ͨǼǱߣ

ϰֻûػŵ˵øǴ绰֪Ҳ
ҵġ

Ϊʲôɻ

ΪңͲءŵͷŪָ
һӡ

ϰ໥һۣû˵ĬƬ֮ҹ˹ָ
ʾҸų

һǰų˲˵ô£

һûü˵ϰָŭʵҲŵŵ˽
½Ӵ⺢ôһ㻰Ҳѽ

ü˵ѾϵˣҲŮˣΪ

ΪʲôѽΪ˳ĵ˸ˣǰɣ
ôģȸˤˡ

Ҹæͣⲻҵ¶Լˤġ

̾˿ɸƵĿңҪģû
ãȸˤˣ˭ѽ

治ҵ¶

¶ÿԱ˳ŵð

¶˵ˣҸɴˡ

ĬƬ֮迪ʵ¶ôɣ

Ƴϰһۣϰǳ鴤һ£Ϊѵ˵ȷʵǸ
¶ǱһҲǸסҲߡ⺢Ȼ
󣬻ͦģҪˤȣҲԼչԼ


ޱĶϰ֣ƺڵ˵

ϰɤӣ̽ԵʵҪǼס죬
˵

˫ֱأЦһһ֮ŮԼ
ˡ

ϰæЦһ֮һ֮ʶӡ
С˭Ǽҵһ֮

˿ûԥ˵Ȼĸ״

ϰЦ㿴㿴Ӷ֪¶

תأ

ҺЦӵ¶ûʲôϵ˵ţת
Ҫ˻زһǣҺ˻

ôûϵأн͵ģչ˵΢ģôû
Աôѽ

˵꣬ϰ־˵ѽõȸŪˣչ
ѽٸ߿ѧϰôأĶʱչ˼ѽȻŤ
ͷ˵ҾСΣʵûʱչŵŵԡ

һۣ̾һˣҲŪ
ˡ⸸һһ͵һһѲȰӻؼҰɡ

õ׿ϣϰȻǿװ򶨣ȴ͸ϲ֮顣
ѽǱϾϰֵ׹ŮܽӻؼžۣȻˡ

ұ裬ĸϰ˵Ͼ͹ˣ¿ؼԲ
ˡ

ϰЦЦȻͷ£ѵ˵ϻ
ͷˡ

˳ԺұŰŵ¥ŰЩԶʱС
˵ıǵóˡ

ʲôıѽ磬˵ʲôѽŵһɵ
ģ



                             2.6



ص轫ڲ輸ϣȻһƨɳϣʲôҲ˵ʲ
ôҲˡϰָϽ԰ŵ˵סУƽʱҲڼң
סݰɡ

ҽŵ˱ķŵһȦ˾䣺ס
ķ䣬᲻᲻ѽ

Ұʰһ·䣬˵ƽʱҲڼң˲
ѽ

ϰ˵ͱôЩˣԼңסžˡ

վſڣ䲻˵˾䣺ѽ㱾ֵŮ
ļҡ

ϰֻͷһۣЦЦ˵㿴Ҹ˵Ĳ
ѽ

ϰ죬̾˿ûҴǻ

ŵٺúһ뿪˷䣬ϰС˵⺢ô
˵ҲǡССֿͣģܲһ㡣

ߵһЦҶĶˣⲻǻĥţȥ
Źǣһء

ϰֳ̾һҡҡͷЦ̾ʲôѽ㶼СŮ
ӻˣؼԲҸѽ

УҲ˵˵㡣ϰ֣ӵһߡ

Ťͷңʵ㻹ʲôѽȥѧ

Ŷ~ ˣҪѧءߣߡҸϽߡ

һ·Ͼĥµľе㲻ζԭΪŵô
Ϊ˽ӽңҪչû뵽ô󾢣Ҫסѽ

ϸ룬ѾͷҲǹԵģΪ˴ﵽĿģȻԼô
֣ǿֲ˹

ϷѧصžŵһŨζһȻ
Ź̲סЦЦ

һۣЦʲôЦ

ҸϽͣҲЦҾǾţϿӲģ
Ļġ

бؿң㵽˵ʲôѽ

ڿءӲ£һġ

ٸˣƶ졣һûأ㵽ôһģ

Ƕ˵ڹϱݺҵ˴ȵı
̬ˡ˼棬һȥҲʶˡҵʱĲ֪
ͬĸð

Ĭκ˵˾䣺ˣɶ񡣡

ҸæͣԣҰɶˣе¶

ҲǣһۣڿͷҪ
ˣ޲ðϳš

Ҳ֪ǲǼ¶ˣ˵ز˾
֮֮ˡ

ķŵڴϣͷֻҽ̧ͷ
һۣ˵˾䣺~ ӭؼҡ

ҲɵЦ㵹ӦͦģôͰԼļ˰

ⱾҰְֵļҡ

˵ȱˣ˵¶

ŵԥһ£ֻŵϣŤͷң΢Ц˵ʲô
£˵ɡ

ͷ֯һԣȻ˵˰ɣ
ģ飬ʵͦġҪǣ˭¶ﶼܣҾ
˵ҪǸɫˣҲ⣬Ҳ֪㣬
֡

סŵɵĵ˵ͷ

أҳϣҴ㣬Ͷء
˵ţ˫ֺʮ˰ݡ

ŵգ۾һãȻʵʲô˼ѽ

ѽͱǫˡŵ֪֮еЦ
˵Ҿһ£㿴ѾԸԳİᵽˣ
˵ģʵҲٰˡ

ΪʲôѽŵСԴ˾䡣

⻹ѽԭǸְֶûǸ̺ʹ󲮣Ҳ
׵ģҶֲáڸѪԵϵˣˡ
仹ôСٲϲ㣬Ҳܰϳȥɡ

ңһԲڵҼ˵

԰ȻѾᵽˣҲǼһԱˣܲܡ
ܲ΢ϧһǰҸ

ŵͷһãȻؿҡ

֪öҾ㰡ܲܰһ£
ϣ衣

ҿңĬã˵ͷ˵

ˣ

ţұ裬ǰɣ

ԶԶԣ˼ܵĴ̫ˣǧȥ

ĶѽŵͷͷŤŤ˵ұһˣ
Ůѽ

šοĵ˵ͷ漴͵𣬶Уǧ
ü֪¶

ʲô¶

֪ʡ

ŶŵһȻı飺ҵ¶

~ С㡣Ҵ˸Ȼѹ˵ǧ
˵Ҫü֪Ҿ군ˡ

ģҲ군ġŵЦĿңȻֺһ
˸Σ˵˾䣺ϲŶ

ַε̾˿

ϰ°ڿԿˣҷŰŵλϡӳ
ҺϰһүƵǶһ⿪Χȹ
ˤ˲輸ϡ

һ㶣漴Ӧţ˷˷ͷڽ˳


õŹһҨһ롣ϰЦ˵ŵŵǰ
㰾ġ㳢̵رá

ŵһڣЦ˵úȡ̣лл

ޱĵ˵ͷûп

ϰЦ˵úȾͶȵ㡣

ҼһȰ裬Ҳȵ㰡

Ƴһۣ䲻ȵ˵˾䣺ûθڡ

󲡳ҲҪѽ

ķɣĶô໰

ڣƨĵϡ˸ûȤ

ϰּŵֻ˺ȰѽԵŹǡһ˵ţ
һ߰ԼŹǼе

ŵһŹǣ˲ʯһκһ
રɵĵ

ҺͰ趼ˣɻ

ϰֹеʵôˣǲˣ

ŵȦģҧ´˵ˡǰҲ
ŹǸҳԡ

һۣԡ

ŵ̧ͷᣬǿջЦ̣ıĺóԡ

趢Ƭ̣ףޱҨ˼Źǡ

һбԹۣѣҪⱾ£Сٰ
ٶٴѽ

ۿҶˣ軹üͷһݣǰ
һҲûЩɻ󣬹еʵ裬ǲĶѽ

ŤͷңұЩëˡƬ̺Ҫ
ͻȻɫһ䣬ɿܵ䣬һŻ¡

ҺϰֶһۣƬ̣ϰַ꣬ߵ䣬
ȥ

ֻſϴ̨ԣɫЩѿϰĺ󱳣
ô£ö˶˵ôˣǲθˣ

˵ǰɣܲ

ҪҪȥҽԺ

áǱңϽԷȥɡ

û¶

û¶

ϰֳ䣬ִ˹ȥҪıŤͷһۣ
˵ŵһһ£Ĺ˳ȥ

ϲŭ޳ոջ̸ЦŤͱ˪
ĸĸңһʱҲǽⲻˡ

֮ûٻطֱӽԼؽ
һţϰָɿΣ˵ϽԡС˷
ѧϰȥ

ŵŰҷţ뵹˳˼ǰ˻Σ
㷢ʲôأ

ŵŻЦЦûУڵİ̵Ľ

ǰҲ彡극󣬻صôҲ
ϰַ˸绰ȥˣĥĥȥ׳ŵƿ˰
ҷš

豳ŷţڴϡŵ˹ȥ̽ͷһۣ
۾δ˯ȥֻĿЩͣƲЩʲô

ʵ裬ôˣ

ȥػ˾䡣

裬һҲûԣԵʲô

û˵꣬˵ˣȥ

Ҳٶ죬˷䡣վ˼Ƭ̣ߵˮ
谾һЩСࡣ

ǰû¹ģԴϸҳߺ󣬸ϰѧһЩ
գҸоǿԵġ

ҶŰõСصʱӴֵŶͷͷ
ңһ㲡ҽ˫ֶ࣬Щ⡣

СճЩ̣Ҳ֣Ҳߵ̫죬˳
СķǰĴͷϣȻ̵ָͨ

迴һǰС̧࣬ͷ˾䣺㰾ģ

ҽͰ͵Ľͣϰ˵θʱࡣҡҸ
ѧģһζְҲҲ֪ôЩ档

Ƭ̣ӣ˴һСڡ

Ҷ辫µӣʵоζô

һΰ跴ʵ

ҲǵһΰɣϰְԼ⻹ǵһΡ
ôаɣ

С˵ͷ漴ЦҪǿϴѧܳȥ
͡

ͷЦڿأء

ôɡһһ׵ĺࡣƬ̺
һۣʵ㻹ʲôѽʲô¶𣿡

ҺЦû¶ǡԷ

ߵһԷʲôÿġ

岻ãⲻǹ

ңͺˣ

Ҳ˵׼˹һã˵ͺˡ

һۣһѧϰأѧϰɼ𣿡

šҪٶһ㣬˵ͺˡ

üͷһ壬ͷ˵ôôѽNNN
NģҸûθˡ

аɣԣﻹСһݿȥ

Ͻ߰ɡ淳

뿪ҺȻһԥһ£ת˱ҡ

ŵǰ飬ҽЦź硣

Ҽװµӣڷ󿴿ҳ򣬰ŵ̲סʵʲ
ô¶𣿡

˵ûУҾ㡣

Ŷ~ ŵЦЦĿҡ

ұƵĻڣʵôҸʲô

磬ǲҪǸˣЦľ֣˸ߣ
ơ

Ҷ̬ѾֲˣҲûĴ
˵šŵŵ㿴Ĺϵô

ͦõİ

̽ʵǲӦáǶƵɾ˰

ʲôƵŵգ۾һãȻı顣

Һȷװ⣬ƽ͵˵
ʲôǶƵ

ŵװһȻģŶ˵ǣǿҵǶƵ

ұܵһۣȻѹ˵ô˵ֻѽҲס
ˣҲҵˣӦ̹Ա˴˰ɡ

ŵͷŤ˵㵱ʱ˼ҵʱôû˼ҵ
ѽ

ҵʱ֪ҵã֪ãҲɡ

˼Ҽװ˷ܵظʲôƵġš˼ǣ
ŵŵ

˭ɣѾ챻ˣɴвϽƵ
ҽȻҶ㡭㲻ˡ



ҡ˰죬û취һҧҲˡ

ѽҺѽ~ ǧҪҡŵװһʮֺµ
ӣʵ̫ˣһװģǹװģ͸ˡ

һʱҲûа취ֻܶ뿪˷䣬ٳǰ
󳰷ƵЦ磬ѽ

ڶľˣķ֣ŵû磬һڳ
æµšŹڵİ˱࣬ҽŽɵʵģ

ǰû뵽ɡ

Ҳûɶ벻ģ£СѾͷҪһ˶Ķࡣ

ֲѧôʲôŹָͣ˭
ѽ

ȻǱָ迴ѽŵЦŶ˵ֺ裬
ѽ

ţóֹһۣձǿˣҶͻ᰾
СࡢŴʲôģ˱ָӵĶҿɰ

ŵͻȻһЦƵʵЦʲô

ŵЦ˵㿴չŵСϱŬֺš

ҷ˸ۣЦĶСϱֱҶ衣

廹ǲûгԷϰֵǶ԰ŵճ޲ѡ˽
ãƨûĳɣôˡ

ŵں˵һֻҪ֮Ժ㣬ƨĵġ

ǰӢСɼˣĲѧؼҪչʾһ£
֮һȦҲûҵ衣

ŵڷֻ˵֪ҪҪ
绰ʱˣɫ̫ã纮˪⡣

һΣоǲΪתҪݡ轫İ
ˤ輸ϣͺһҹ

ҲΡΡ˹ȥ迪ڣȱ裬Ӣ￼ò
̵ġ

˵һ룬̧ҵݺݵسһƣ࣬
ϻۡ

Ҵ㶵Ŀ裬˵ҲӣаоЩãȻ

ɫ࣬ؿھűϢѩ׵Ĳ
Ȼڽҧأŭ˼㣬̧һơ

衭ίͰ͵Ŀ֪Ǻá

ƺȻҳһϰֵƤҾһٺ
顣ɱȰˣ죬·ǻ
ۣÿһ£͸һƤƵġ

Ҳ֪Ϊʲôô𣬵˽ƢʱǧӲ
Ҳܶ㣬һҪģԽЧԽãֻҪˣǾû
ˡ

Ϊʮܽľ飬׾ʧˣ
ôģʼղΪԽԽݡʱϰֲڼңҲûţ
ֻܶӣ˫ֱͷӲ

ӣͣƤһת
ȥˡ

ҸоԼѾǱˡѪģˣڵֹ˽ʮ
ӣվһȳһյߣз֣ҷſ
һ죬ŵͷ⿴ء

û˵ұҲŵ㡣

ŵЦ˵ûô˵꣬Źˡ

ҿЦõ̾˿˽ȥ

ױ̨ǰֵֶͷ˫ĿգŭδҴһ˿ǳ
Ҵ˹ȥС˾䣺裬𣿡

Ļ˾䡣

裬ҲˡʲôҸĻҽüͷͰ
˵š



ƽʱͿˣ״ͬĸеӦ
Ǻϵйء

Ĺȱߣ˵裬治֪Ķ
ˡңҸģһģһ˵ţһȥץϵ֣
֪һ񴥵һ㣬͵س˻

ι軺۾˫ĿĶң̾Ϣġ
ĵ𣿡

ͷܣһܸġ

½۱ϣ̾ã˵˾䣺˵ʲôѽ

ҡܶѽУܵͲʹ˵ǰϰ
ˣһٳͺˡҪˣ򡣡ץ
ס֣ʹϳ顣

ѿ̾һ˵ʲôˡˣѧϰȥɡ

ӣĶ˼ѧϰѽҾţҪ
ԴңҪ˳ҡ

һ̾Ϣͷתһԡ

뵹˳֮Уĥɣ
ʵʵģûʲô¶аеĪС󣬴û
ôݹ

ĬƬ̣С˾䣺裬θõû

ûлӦ

裬Ҫȥ

ûлӦ

裬˵仰ҸʲôСһ˵ţһٴȥץ
֣ȴһӣСĴϵٺ۴

˻~ 

ǸոƤٺۣһͻƵۣ̲ס

ʶĻͷһۣҲҵʵ̫΢ˣ
Ȼֹḧһ£˾䣺۲

ʱ͸װˣҲúۣüͷ˵۵Ҫֿ
ǹݵġ

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ǲУҪҾû顣ˣСʱһˣ
Ҿ͵ֵĲˡ˵գҴӵǰһ
˫ŵأ

裬쿴ѽҫŲ

üͷſڶû˵оòУϱһѾ

Ҽ⵹Ѿˣ룬˵ҵŸ׸ɡֻ
ãĺͶĻѽ~ 

һ߳һ鵹ŲһСײ˴ţ۵һУ
һˤ˹ȥ豻ҵǱá͡һ˳۵ᶼ
ˣǿջЦ裬ɿ˰ɡ
ϣˡ

°̾˿ܲܳȥҰһ

趼ѾЦˣ˵ӲѾѿһ죬ȥ
¾ʵ䷴ˡҴӵͷ˵裬úϢһ
ѧϰȥˡٳǰͷ˵һ䣺裬Ӣ￼Ĳ

轫תһԣûңҲǷ

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ԭǲϿڣܺһԲͣȰο
ϰ֡Ϊʲô˵Ҳ޴֪

ڶ峿ŵһ˻Ĳһˡ
Ҫڣ벻Ҫˡ

¼ȡף׼ϵʱ򣬴ӿڴһ
ɫϰϽͷһۣȻ㼱Ҵҵĳ˼š

û¶ŵȴ˾䣺ղʲô

ô֪Ƴһۣô¶ʲô

ŵʼ磬û˵

ȥ֮δ飬ϰ˵ǹ˾£ʱȥˡ
磬ҷѧؼңһžͼɳϣһ㶣ѧ
Уż١

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ֱӣָԼķ䣬ߺʵ˭Ϊʲô


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һ飺˭ѽ

ǡô˵أ

˭ѽΪʲô˯ҵķߺģֱţ

Ťͷ俴һۣŽգҲ֪ŵڲ档˼Ƭ̣
ʵô˵ģ

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üһŵı顣

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ʲô˼ҡ

¶ϰָ͡

˵꣬תҪݣǰһקסҵĸ첲˵
ҾĽ͡

㲻֪ãã㣬׽㡣

ɵôѽ뼱ѽ

§ļߵһԣ˵ǰ˵ϰָһ
СŮһ֣¶㻹ǵò

ǵð˵ͷ

Ҹ˵ұһСŮݺ㻹ǵ𣿡

ǵð



۾ôġ

۰ֵ˽ŮаŵԣӦýŵšСŵ

˭ʲôѽôͳ۰ֵ˽Ůˣ

¶ǻͳˣ۰ְɡСʱͦ
ģǵģ㡣룬
ͦģҲ÷㡣

ߣ׷ҵʣ㵽ʲô˼ѽ˵ѽ

ʱҵķſˣŵŹմ˳Һ
Ц˵磬

һû˵ȻҵǰĹĵĵ˭磿
ƾʲô硣

ŵЦǺǵ˵ҴҵȻҪ磬ѲҪܵܰ
ɣ㡣

ҲŲء΢ȻЩǻ

һʱ֮Խʵ¶˭ϣ˭ɡ
æļȰһ˼ά趼Ѿ
ʵˡ

Ҳ֪ˣ

Ȼ֪ˡ

˫ֲ˵Ƕ֪һˡ

Ҳǹ㣬ֲڼҡ

Ҳˣ

Ҳ˵ˣȸˤˣûչˣȽӵˡ
ƢԸҲ˽⣬죬ġšô˵أϾ
ֵ׹Ů

ƾʲôסѽ

ܲסɡЦЦ˵㲻ûҲ
š

Ĺĵ˵һˣȥ

ε̾˿ᵽĶݰܲ˯ɡ

Ҳܣߵһ˫ֱأСһ

룬§סļһߣǿĲ϶Ӳˡ
䣬챻趾µٺչʾ

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ɲǡ

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˵Ҳ¶Ҿ͸죬ͼˣҡ

ɣŽɵĿҡ

ʲôвɣ˻ءɲֹһ
ϣ㿴Ƥġƿ·ظչʾ

ڰɣôݣ

Ҽ˵㻹ʵɣƤ֮ࡣ

˵ͷģΪ֮Ȼȥ
ŵʱһЦͣ˵ʲôԥһ£
ˡ



                             2.7



ΪԵʣ񽻸˰ŵ

ϰ°ڿɳϣ·֮󣬽е
̸˰СʱųȦģԿ޹ϰֽͰ
ŵеһ໥˸ܣŵˬĽ㣬Ȼ̫Ը
ǴӦһ

ϰֽˣԷʱʼճһ϶
ꡣҺϰֶܸеίͣвˣҲ֪ǲ
ǶԹԵĳ

һݿ鸴ϰʮһʱ˯˽ﻹ
ͷͱӡһ㶣ɵĿʲôػ˵
Ⱦ㰡Ҳȥ˯

ӵҵĴϣһƨĹĵ˵Ҳ
һ˯

Ҳ˯ѽ˯أ

ȥϰ˯ɣֲڣϰ˯һŴɡ

Ҳϰϸˣ˲پƣҿɲϰһ˯ôȥ

üߺ˵Ҷϸˣôܸϰ˯һŴ

ܸ˯һŴ𣿡

û˵Ҫ˯һŴҵ˼ǣ˯Ĵ~ ȥ

ƾʲôʧЦ

˭㲻ҵġ˭ҵġ˵˭ǰ
ҵķסġ

ͽһ°ɣͻѧУȥˡ

ҲҾͲ

ֱͦͦҵĴϣˣҾ˯ҪԸϰ
˯һݣ˯һˡ

ߵߣͦʬƵڴϣӹĹĵģظһһ
Сˣ

˵㶼ˣˣܲһ㡣

ƾնһͬĸ˭ǵ˰˵ˣҪ
ǷŲġ

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һŴϣ˵ͶԵѧУȤ£ǰԣʫʸ踳̸
ѧͿһ𿴿ѩǿˡ

ҲŲҪѩǿأֻҪ㣡

Ҫңһ㶣ҪҸʲô

Ҫȥ˯ѽ

ˣˣϽȥɡץסϸۻ
ҪӴקȴ˫˫رסӣ˵ʲôҲ

ҹľٲҪ˰

ߵһٲȥҲˡ

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һҧЬȥڴϡĴر
ģȵ˴΢һЩҲû˫˴ĳ̶ȣ˲ţЩ
ġ

ҵĸ첲űĸ첲߼ʹ߼
һСѾͷƬӣĶҴһֱҼߣۿҪȥˡ

ѽ~ ֻ۵СѾӳһ࣬
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ϡ

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ƾʲôҵķ䡣

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С˭Ҳ˭һֱűһıң
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ĳ̾һεƵһԣȻϱ
뿪ҡ

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ҸҪţŵʵ㲻𣿡

㲻õˣ˯

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˯

㡭ҪҪһ˯ѽ

ҪҲôǣűߣϵع˷š

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ҹεԼſϣĴųɫ˿˰ȣ
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š

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豻Hĺߺģ˵һ۵ǻѨ
ҾΡҸоԼҲͲסˣ͵һ壬ͷס⣬Ũ


𡭡ȥγУỳеġ
ȥ

ĿУѹ֮䣬оů桢
ģӲǱһš

Ƭ̣͵˫ۣȥȴķ֣ŵɳԣ
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װ裬Ҿ˿͸߸ЬŮζˡ

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Ƥ߸ЬŽĵ뿪䣬ҿȷСħŮڸȻ
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УҼͬԣһѨӿ˿ɲȾһƪˮ
գ˵ŮȻ顣

ҸоѾ˼ޣӲķͣ뽫˿ɲ˺һӣ
Ͼ˿࣬ҪǱʧ϶ԥĻɵҵ
ͷ˵ġ

û취ֻ˶Σ߬סڣק½ϵ
̧һΣ౻˳ʵ˴ȸ

ҽϸ˿Ȳһһ̧ͬʱǰ㣬
ɫ˿СѾҵؿϣѨȻ¶֭Һ˸˵


ĴָŸ߸ļӲѹڰ۵ϣ˶ͺĹͷ
Ħŷ۵ŮҪ½ȻһͣɻĿ
ӵ˵ӡ

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ҡ

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Ц

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ŮѨ죬Ȼһͣͷ·֬һ㣬˽խѨڡ

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Ľ

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ôô

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š߰šš

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㣬ѹŮһHײġžž졣

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ҲûˣҲУɫĴ̼
ңԽԽͣԽԽ죬Ŵʵ㲻𣿡

ššе㡭šܲˡ

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ë֯һ϶£ֱ壬Բɰ˿С
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ššѽ

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ҵĳһ̧һ̧ģȴʼղϻشҵ⡣

˵벻룿ҽһͦͷѹס⣬һꡣ

~ 롭ᡭͣһ¡

½һġ

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ѧУšҲ롭

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š㡭Hźߡ

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¡Ӱѧϰš

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ššѽһ㡭ᡭš͡

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š

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ʱֹͣ˳壬һЩϢĻᣬȻƨɣҪ
һ½飬ϵſ˴ϣУԵʮӷף
ȴ͸ഺ棬⻬͸ɫ˿ڴȴԲ۵
Сƨ𣬿ѨʪʪŢһƬ

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죬̼ҵĶĤ

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ššŰ

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衣

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һͷһҴһϽ˦Ϊлң
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ҪϿж֮ʱͻȻһұܵΪ
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йƤһſ½ϡ



                             2.8



ʰϣ򿪷ʱѾȵúܲͷˣС죬м
ģԿһһµǽҺʵôô
ſѽ˰졣

ұЩ꣺ôô۶ѽɳֻ
Ҫſڡ

˭֪ôòſšƿߣ½ҲڣЩ
⣺ѽɩҲѽ

š½ով߳ϺδȥԵЩ˼

ſϷҶƼձ½ɫ˿࣬Ƶ
һۡæǰһѶ˹ʵ㵽ʲôѽ

ͼ鿨ͷ˿࣬һĺɡ

Ҹ½ոŴϷƸ꣬²ΪΣ
ҽƵһߣҵķڴҵһͼ鿨
ơ

һһ߻ͷʵǸղʲôأ

ѧϰ˵֮󣬡须һϡ

½ڴϣ̾һԹÿζ

ԴǸ˵Сӣ¡ǡѧɡ

½һ࣬˴ϣ˵ѧʲôѽӶɢˡ

ҲǸղŸɵЩ̫ˣ½С廹ܲˡЩ
ⲻȥߣЦ˵㰴ĦĦ
𣿡

~ ½ſڴϣ˫۽գ߽

ʱֱ졣

Ҳͷʵҵˣ㻹Ҫʲôѽ

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ãػŵˡ

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ŵʱ￴һۣЦ˵ɩӰɣǼġ˵
գ˻֡

½æֱӣ⡣ŵߺ˿
ɵЦʲôѽ

Ϊ㣬˴ħڿ﷢š

ĿѾﵽˣӦʵˡס֣˵һȥ
ˣ԰ɡ

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šоĿûôܾҡ

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һЩͬ¸Ƕף˸ŵһŲ룬
˼ͥ۲͡

ǵһģڰﱳ˵ʡһͱ
ˡ컹ϿΣ٣迪ӹġ˰ᣬߵ
ҵ˫ֳҵļһģһ~ 񾭲

ǰⲻҪһȫǸ߿ûʲ
ôʺЦ

ұ鵭Įüô㣬˭Ƿ˰ٿǮƵġ

û˸λҲû˵ƲƲ죬
ôһġһȦ˹ϵĵ⣬
ɵ۷Ź⣬Ťͷʵ裬ܲȳһ飿

˵ֵյ⣬ֻûء

֪롭ܲףһ¡

費ͷֵ

Ķŵ⣬оˮˡҶ˵и
СӣǸġ

иСӣһһһ˷ݵС⣬־ϲ
ģ

רŸģҾ֪˵϶۲

ٺһЦллˣ񡭡硣

һ²۵ƽʱ񾭲˸ͳˡ

̲סЦ裬ȴͷתһԡҲ⣬Ц
˵û񾭲˵硣˵꣬һĳ
˵⡣

һϰִŰŵˡŵ࣬ѧȥˣѧ
֮ϰ˳ӹġһˣҲ躮ѣԿϯˡ

ǰõĲͣһ֮󣬺ܿͽˡȲ
ϣȻ˵ơ

һֳո裬ϰ˸ԸȻ󽫵ϵһ
¿֮󣬱Цʵ֣ʲôԩ

ŵ˵˾䣺˵Ͳˡ

һۣҪ졣

ϰЦ˵Сϴѧѧϰŵŵ彡
ǵ裬ģȫҺͺҸ

̲סЦǹ̰ĵģһôԸ

˵һһΣһ㰡˵Ҳû涨١

һԣȻ󵹾Ƶĵƣϵĵϣʽϯ
ϰǽԡ

Ʊ˵ǰְֵģաǵİְ֣
Ϊңҹͣææ⣬˵ޣûйҲп͡

ְҡͷЦ

ǵİְ֣ԸŰ壬ѭؾɣͨ飬ڵλ
ô꣬û٣ҲûƣȲϱ˼ҵİְ֡ǡ軰һ
תϰ֣˵ûǰְֵ֧֣ûĹû
ְ֣СҪతٶٴ򣬱ҪٳԶʳŵŵҲΪǼͥ
һԱûǵİְ֣ңһļҡ

軺Ʊףǵİְտ֡

վһ˵ףְտ֡

ְֵĿϻɨĵĶϲ£ˡмˣ


Űְ֣˵Ϲףտ֡

һƱײ޶ӶЦϳҸ΢
Цҵζӳ£ʹԼΪһʱЩǵļͥ

ҳüø첲ײһ£ʵôˣϰգ
üģ಻ѽ

ϰҲҵʵǲ岻ѽ

ûûûҸæ֣ϣ֣ףഺפ
ףһһͷϡ

ϰִЦͬһ±ӣȻ󽫱а׾һ͵
͵زȥֻɫ糣δΪҵףʶ

žٱ˵֣ףнգн񳯡Ըһ
ӵСް

ϰֿĵͬ۾ƺ˸⡣

һֱɵһԵİŵվٱ˵֣
ĺܿҰ֣ҲܿĴܹң¸ܵ˼ͥ
ů

ŵŵϰֺ𲻿ĵ£Ҫ

ŵ˵ǶǺˣˣļˣ
ܿġ֣ף³ɣҸԶ

ϰͬһ±˵ŵŵǶһˣôġ

šŵ˵ͷҪ£Ȼʲô˵
֣ựȻ֪һϲһҪϲǡ

Ǵұһͷˮ΢ЦҵȻֲ
ԤУҪֹЦ˵ϲбˡ




                             2.9




ϲбˡ

ô赭дһ仰һ㣬ֱ졣ٿ裬
Щ⧲ĸоɫɷףǲסĳ鴤š

ϰһãȻʵʲô˼бˣ

˵ȥһӣŵ˵

ϰŤͷңʵ˵ʲô

Ťͷһۣ˫ĿԲŭңؿھ
ʶԼ˵ˣæͣҡҡ˵˵
ûһ滰

ϰֵһۣô˵õûȻŤͷʰŵô
¶

ŵһķʵư̲ǻǲбѽ
ҲŹϲǵѽ

У㰢̻ˣϰֽͷת裬ãȻʵ㻳ˣ

˫ۣ΢΢ĲţòɤӣװһЦ
ӣһˣô֪

ϰɶĺУȫͷˡ跴ʰŵ˭˵
ˣ

ŵգŴ۾һ޹˵Ҳµġ

µģ

ǰǰʱ䰢̲ҿ̵Ŀڴһ
ɫϰҾͺһ£а

аϰֲʵ

԰Ҳˡ

ϰŤͷңҸæ֣ûϹ˵

ϰת裬ʵаʲô

һƽ˵аʲôˡ

ûУ

ԵЩͷü˵Ƕ೤ʱûǡһС

ϰ죬û˵ŤͷŰŵƺѯɡŵ
գŴ۾һ޹˵ǿǡҿ˰ɡ~ 
ǰ׸һˣһΪҪء

ǹģǹģ½˵ĹȻûһʼû
ģĺԼˣΪʲôң

ϰֽƬ̣˻ȥ齩ӲЦЦǰ׿һ
ԷɳԷɡ

Ȼô˵ķӦЩ쳣Ҷܿóϰֿ϶Ѿ
˻ɡ

һãȻ֪ʲôƵģ󿴿ҳɵ
裺滳ˣ

ϴһƣԴһԹ޵Ŀң
ң

Է˵

ĽŤһԡ

뵹˳֮Уֻаŵڼвˡ͵͵
һԵ裬򶨣ַϥϣճȭ΢΢Ĳš

ԥ˰죬˹ȥס֣ҪһЩο
ȴ˳

ܿģָֻ˳̬ƱЦŶԴ˵һᣬ
ǿջϲˡףǰְտְɡ

Ƿ׷׶ӣףϰտ֡ϰЦŻؾϵЦѾ
ղŴͬˡ

ϰֵɶԣֲϲεĵнˣյⶼû
ôԡ

ؼҺϰּװʲô¶ûɳϿӣ
ѧϰһеһУƺûʲôͬȴһֺ΢ĸо

ص֮ҳû˱ңŵڴߣͷ
ֻһѽקݺݵصʵ㵽ʲ
ôѽ

ŵСԴһ˵ʲôӣʵʲô
ֻ𣿡

ҵŭ𣺡ٸװ⣡Ϸʱ˵ǻʲô˼

˵ʲôˣŵװͿ漴һȻı飺Ŷ~ 
˵ҹϲϰֺư¶ѽǲһΪưֻС
أԲŹϲǵѽ

ڸϷҼģһʱ֮䣬ֲ֪η
ҼӣЦʵҶ˵ˣҲµġҲ´ˣ
ջϲһ˽㣬Ҳʧѽ

ʧƨһ֮£ѿû¶ɣʲ
ôã軳иʲô

ŵں˵˾䣺¡

㡭

ҸҪ𣬷졣һȶһת򿪷ţ
ԭΪŵϰ֣û뵽վŵľȻ衣

㲻ѧϰݴСеĸʲôأһõѵ


ûʲô䡣

ݿȥ

ҵͷ߾صԼķ

ʱڼסһҵķ䣬ſڴϣͷֻ
ֻѩСѾڰգһһεģС

ǰһţĶ˼ѧϰȻŤͷʵ
ŵΪʲô˵軳ˣ

ô֪ϹҲµ¡

Ҿǹġ

һҵȻ֪Ѿͷǹģͦ汱뷨ģ
ôģ

Ʋ죬ߵҾƻ۰Ĺϵ

ôƻģ

Ҳ֪ҾôŵģҲﵽԤڵЧѽ㿴
ǷӦ°Ͷˡ۰˱С۶ǵǰʱ䣬
Ƭ¶ɣǲ˹۰˵
ͣһ£ȻЩƬòǰŵĵİɣ

֪Ƭ¼ĺչҲû˼⣬
˰֣˵ôѽУСӸϽ˯ɣһ쵽Ϲ
ˡ

㲻ҲСô˯

̾˿Уȥ˯ҸϰҲμӸ߿

ߺһЦ˰ɡ

ǰʼͷʼɶϷ顣
˵ûѾͷô϶ûģҪƻϰֺ
ϵ

ǰʱ·Ӧֵ˺аĶ
˲ˡҶԾˣĸ
Ƶģ϶ͷˣֻһֱᣬȫ
棬˳

ԣĻˣô֪Ӳϰֵأ

ҵͷ˼Ƭ̣ȻˣǷ֮У϶
ͥϹˡϰִͷβһ֪ӣټ
ڵΪ˲޶˵롣ֻҪ軳еڴ
ǰǼ٣ϰֲɵġ

ѾͷΪǺͱ˺ӣҲ
籱˵ЩƬѾͷĵģٲȻε
ʱ˵©죬֪Һ飿

ͷһŵҺëһ亹룬
ҪǱŵ֪ˣҾĺˡ

ҼȺְûڣƴôԼͷƵʵʲôأ


ûţҪҰŵһģ̽̽ڷ硣Ҫƿķʱ
ͻȻ뵽Ѿͷĺܣû׳ĻٰҵĻ׳ˡ

ңϸ룬ﺰ֣ҲֻΪ
ĸѣ֪Һġû¶¶̸
ƳʲôǿŪɳ׾ˡ

ԥһ£ʱɡ趼ûھ͸ܼˣ
æûϣҡ

ȥ̸һ̸һʱ̫ˣ¶Ҳû̸
û̸

ϰֿɫ糣ڿɳϿ˻ӣϴһ˯
ȥˡҹɳϣ˼룬ôҲ˯žŶ䣬ϸ
ݵĶϰֺûгܡһ϶ģֱ
ʱ֣ҲԺ˻Ȼȥѧˡ

ǰһ˼뿼廪ȫϵ飬ϰ
ìܣѧȥˡ

Ϸѧؼңվشһ¼ĶͦģŻ
Ь˽ȥϰֻûѧУˣŵԼڳ


ҷԥƬ̣߽˳вˣߵԣС
ʵ裬ҪҰæ𣿡

Ťͷһۣ˵˾䣺òæݿȥɡ

ҼҲû̫ı仯׼ת뿪ȴסˡ
ɻͣĲ˵Ťͷңʵ㶼ŵ˵ʲ
ôˣ

ʲôҲû˵ѽ

ǰŵΪʲô˵һˣ

ıӣͷü˵Ϲ˵İɡô֪
ˡǲǣҵ˼ǣĻˣҲûȷе֤ѽ
ֻϹµġ

ۼüͷһ˫۽ɢź⣬Ҹо
ԼԽԽˣæ졣

Ƭ֮Ȼʵϵ¶û˵ɣ

ϣɵ˾䣬漴ӦæĿڣûûû
ôܸ˵ء

趢ңĬ֮ҧأ˵Ҫ֪
ˣûˡҸɴ౧¥ˡ˵˵գĲ˵
ݶ˰ϣŵʹһ顣

ֱ䵽˼㣬糹Ǻæ˵᲻ᣬ
Բᡣ

辯֮󣬸ϳ˳Ҳ֪ôģͻȻָо
һϵˣͬһ¹شܣﾹȻое
ġ

漴뵽˰ŵҺ鱻֪ˣĲ롣
˺裬ֻܱһ¥ˡ

ְӦֻ꣬һֻǾ֮
һϳԷͱ쳣ˡԣĬĬԷֻ
еӻ

Ҳʱ͵͵ŰŵѾͷɫ糣ʲô¶ûһ
úܣѾԭα¶ˣҪ֮ͥУ
Ҫҡ

ؼǣﻹһöʱըʱұҪ
취ŵС

ϰֵʮһŻȵġҸһ
ϰģһֱǿԼûһͷԵ˴ϡ

ûбԹ׼ϰЬϰ͵һץס
۾ֱضĸƨƣҲû˵

̲סʵôˣܣ£

㡭ˡ˵꣬ϰִ˸á

ʲôѽһ˵ţһ뽫ϰְشϣϰ־
ţﻹ˵ţ㡭桭ûˣΪʲôΪ
Ϊʲôҡ㡣

ͷһۣû¶ˣݿȥɡ

ҡšһתߣֹʱϰ˻ǲ
ˣ

ûУڴϡ

ź󣬻ϰֺĽкұŵķ̸
̸ԥƬ֮󣬻ǷˣЩһ仰
˵

峿ϰ־֮һߣһ߳ͣһ߿
ֻ糣ȫƵġɫЩ
㲣˯Ӧòرá

ԷʱҲûʲô֮ϰϰ࣬ѧѧټҲû
˵ȫûյĺг

ļ죬ϰҹ飬ȵÿλֳ֡
ֺȰûаԹԡ

ϰС֪費죬ᱳ̲סǷ
롣ĸһʱǽⲻˡ

Ҫֲ֪ͣǺãξңҪ
¡

ѧҸոմ򿪼ţﴫϰֵ

˵ɣǰʱ㵽Ķȥˣ

糣ĻصѾ˵ܶˣȥˡ

һ飬㵽Ķȥˣ

Ѿ˵ܶˣҳȥˡŵĻҵͬ¡
㣬СܣС򡣡

ҲʣһͬºƭңΪҲ֪
ǹ˾ˣ˼ұ˵һڵļ٣ѹûϰ࣡

֪ʲôѽЩˡ

Ϊ֪¥¶˼Ŷ壡

û˵һЬĵ˹ȥ˳ŷƣֻϰ
ڵȥڴߣһݡ

˵ɣ㵽ȥĶˣϰֺȻͣʵ

ͷƬ֮󣬲ͷ˵˾䣺鲻ãȥ
ˡ

մӹλȥΣôаϰŭʵ
˭һȥģ

Լ

Լƭ˭أ˶ɵˣǰɣϰҧʵ
ǲǻˣ

ûС

ǼǲȥҽԺ̥ˣ

ûУ

УҲҸҵҽԺȥ

죬û˵תһԡϰֺߵһɬ
Ц˰ɣ

̫Ѩվߣϰָ

˵ɣ⺢˭ģ

ûкӣ賯ϰֺ

ӱˣȻûˣϰֶͷ𣬳ŭ

񾭲ӲҪߣȴϰһקס첲˦˼£
û˦ѣŤͷ˵֣Ҫȥ

ҲҸȥҽԺ飿ϰָŷȴķվ
ڹƣĺʲôأȥ˵꣬첽
Źϡ

վ⣬ͦڸĸܲζҪȥȰ⣬
Ҹ棬ջǷˡתңŵſţ
ȥֻڴߣͷֻԵãﻹŻɡ

һ˵ܵ⣿

ʲôŵ͵̧ͷһɻʵʲô

ҰݳܣһҲ⣿

ҸҪ⣿˵ţЦȻˡ

ȥһ⣬סˣۡһϡ

ϰֺ賳ĺܼңҵķ䶼ĵҲû
˰ŵ֮⣬ҶﶼһҲû˼ˡ

һصˤΪ뿪˼ңȥһƣ
ߵľȻϰ֡

ڴߣؿھΪնЩ졣
ŵ˹ȥСʵ裬û¶ɣ

̧ͷһۣĮ˵û¡ȻߡΪ
ҲҪߣܵʵ裬ȥĶ

عͷͷ˵˾䣺

ϲ쵽ʮʱǰžӣȴŸ
ԸŵѾͷѾԭα¶ˣԲʹֵģұٴ
ǰ취ֹҡǿ须ƵȻⶫ
ûУǸδ֪ĴڣҪںʵʱ
ƺҲϴˡ

ҲɵøеһҴСҸоôһСѾ
ͷƬӣȻһҲûˡ

ҿ˼ڤ֮ʱﴫӦϰֻˡ
ԥһ£ıʣ߳˷䡣

ϰֺȵģҡҡλεߣҸæǰæ
ȴϰһƿָ裬ﺬʵ㡭˵ӵ
˭ģǳܵģǡǸܵģ

˵˵ʲôѽüͷһ壬ŭ

ҸϽǰȰ֣ʲʣҸˮɣ

𿪣ϰٶȽƿȻָ˵ǡܲܡ
ҵġӰɣ

ʲôӣûкӣ˵˵ˣȥֱ


ҡ㣡㡭ҵɵӡûˣͻȻ
˺ӣҵģ

дίߺޣҧأؿھϰ֣û
˵ʵ裬ǰȥҪ˵ȴһŭ𣺡
죡û¶ȥ

֪һС˵죬ϵ˵˳
죬˵һԡ

ϰִ㺰ʲô𣿡ҡҡλΣָ
ʣ㡭㡭ҲҷģûУ

˫ֱأ۾ͨ죬Ϣأſڣȴֹͷ
תһԡ

û˵˰ɡϰַһЦӶᣬһƨ
ϣȻصĿҲʮֵĿҸеһƵ
ۣûڲѡ

Һȥϰ֣ûоܾǷ֮󣬺Ȼץס
󣬿˵Сƣ˵ô£˵ˡ
˵㡣ǲǡ۸ˣ㡭Ըġ

۾ˮȴǿŲڱϢת
һԣٿϰ֡

˵ϰͻȻ

ʵ˵˾䣺ˡ

ϰѪ죬ˮ˻ߵĴһҹͬʱ˫
һӣĴ衣

֪ǺεȵίⲻĴȴ޷¶ʵԡ
ŶͷƬ̣·תȥҸæ׷ǰʵ裬
ȥĶ

ЬҲûһۣ˵˾䣺չ֡ȻҲ
Ƶ뿪˼ҡҪ׷ȥߣףڣֻ
ӵʹࡣ

صŰְֶڴϣһϰ˰뱲
ӵϺˣȴΪԼӵһʱ̰÷ѣǱԭ
޷֪

תһĥʮǰҲϰһʱûס˹죬ŵ
һЩϵе顣ѭѽ

ϰߣһҹ峿ϰٴʱֱǸ
ȹŰˡӦüǵʲôûгȥѰ裬
ʶûһ䡣

ѧУ½Ƿȥˣ½˵ûСһ죬
Ҷȥѹû˼ѧϰϻصңһˣû
һֲֻ̻ӡƽڼ˵ң
ʱҲֻʣ°̾ˡ

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ŵſԴ֮Ҿûٸ˵ȻѾû
ʲôˣȴסڼﲻߡ

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˵ˣڸ۰̸ء

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ϱ䣬˭Ҳ˭ǰ輸ϰһű

裬ˡʱûм裬ҵǼǵġ

һۣûпһѯ״ϰֵһ
Լȥû취ֻܻصԼķ䣬ȴŴһ죬䣬
͵͵Ķ

һļž

ιϰͻȻ˵˰ɡ

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һĬ֮ϰٶȿڣ˵Ҫô˵ʵҺ
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𣿡

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ңǾ˰ɡ

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ڻָ˳ԥƬ̣ŵ˳ȥֻɳ
ԵһĮ

ĵغһ衣

ƳһۣûҡһǸ˵裬
𡣶Һ

̾˿Ťͷʵѧϰô

аɡĿƬ̣Ŀ˵رá
߰¶û취о񡣡

ĬΣƽ͵˵߿ҪһοԣҲ
еһת۵㡣ܴ֪˲֪
֤߿֤˿ĵĻᡣ

šҵ˵ͷ

˵ЩʱǺܲͷģ֪Ҳŷ֣
ΪҺá

ˣҲҪˣֻҪȫȫӭս߿Ϳ
ˡվĳĶ˵˴£µǹ
ģһٴӣŸոտʼͰɡ

Ҽģ߳˼š

ҵۿЩʪ󣬲֪ݴʱ飬˵ô
ȴδ롣˵öԣдܸģɷûʱ䷳
ˡ

Ҳ֪ȥĶˣˣҲҡĻ
ܴĹص˸֮С

ҹڷʱյһϢȻ跢ģ
һСʱȥƳƵ

ӦĽѿ֮ƣʰһ£ǰĿĵء
һͼͬǴӷ˳

ɫСװһȹᱡĺɫ˿޳ȳ
ȣһ˫ɫƤͷ߸Ь˳Ů˵֪ԸС

ֻȵеˣôߵĸ߸Ь·ҡҡλΣһҡҡ
׹ӡæǰû߽²ȣЩˤȥ
˾Ǹʲôܡ

迴һֽۣƿ֪һᣬЩˤҸæӿ
ǰȥһѽס

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