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ҵһϯ˵ͺˮֱǱͷչ⣬͹ػۡһϯҲ˵Ժһû뵽һ뷹һ·ܻҵ౨

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һ죬ש̮̳ҷɣΧǽ˸޴Ŀӡͷ˺שϨ˻𡣾ҵײǸСͷĿȻѣһǰŵáѽһ򿪳űˡҹЦţ˿̤塣صǰ
ΧǽˣǷһſźţ·ͳ塣һ·ţţһ·ڣȴ֮
ţȫѾΧˣһ͵ش˹죡ˣ



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ĸסңȥûֻǽӵ˫ָ߸߾𣬳Ǹ
ԶȥҳžԶȥķ򣬿졣



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ɩǰһֵIQƫֱͣɩҳҶûӦĥŲϳȥ뿴ɩѻ·ķ⣡
Խˣվ˴ԼķӣԺɩ·龰ѩ׵İӰѩһظСڵĲݵѽǰͣػƣɩӵͻȻһһһʱȻ¸ҽȥƺɩӻûȹӡ
Сˣɩţͷɵվţæ
һعͷ˿ɩӣǰһν˿װɩѾˣ΢ĳºȹӣһոµȹ˶ʱ䣬ĵƹⶼΪ֮һһȹӣǮֻСسǵеȹӵӣʽɫӡϸѡɩũŮϣ͸欣Գ󣬴ﲻɬ̲ңֱҿò඼ѪˡɩӴȹӣչ˫ۣõξչǰȽң˵ظͦø߸ߵģ⽫ýʣһգԵ͹£ʮ㡣ɩͷԴҵСˣɩӴź𣿡
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ǻһ𣿡ɩЦʡ
Ȼһ˵תȥҿ档
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˯ɣɩӡὫɩӷŵڴϣڣͲʲôţ֪𣿡
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˰ɣӶûȥ˷ѲǷˡسҲûʲôùģԺϢˣҵйɡɩӵӶͬҵ顣
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ΪɩӴӶϴּȥˣĵصȡóΪɩӾѡļװΪӶļʳֿףȫޱߵҸС
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ˣĸүͱȥˣɰЩ죬ƺڲƺڱ
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ŶҵǱȥӳһηŬŬ졣
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AAɽAҲAɽǸ͸ú󣬴Сһ¾ú졣ΪڲټһҲϷ˺۸Ҳʮֺ¼ļһ·ɽҵ鵹ƽΨһʹҲܷĵģɩӺӶҲ֪ôˣЩǻ᲻ѶԼĳ޼ϡҪԼ̫ԲˡһжԼ˵ɣЩҲκá
ǣɽ·û룬û˼ңֻʣܵʱҵҲƽˣ
Ϊһ侯˵ԤܣҪң
̣Ӿ̣ɵӴӣˣҪͷɣڳϣ
ҽ̣侯Ȼҷ˳ϣҲӣһ˳ϣ
ͷͻȻһɲԤУԤиҵԴ㰤Ǹ侯ӵĳһȻһҪҵ൱˰졣
ҿļһｫҷˣԭҪ֣
һǼһǹҵģҪͷһ²ѾҵԴҿ˻һ󳹹ǵʹ㽫ҵᶼҳ
һһֱǩ侯ҵ侯һֵ
ҵ侯æ˹һߡǩ侯ǰҵļͷЦص˵СרҾԣǿ
а
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Ҽѵθܣŭ۾ǩ侯緢һݣҪлᣬһӺÿ
ǩŭĿͻȻŭ˫סҵĲӣҵ°һ߶ȣͻȻһ̧Ǹϥǣ˵һϥͷصײҵؿڣûҵײɳǻ
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ұۣҧÿλľʹһĬһ֣̣̣̣
ʹʹҺˮк˲ʪҵͷһմˮðડડֱˮ
Сӣ㲻һӲǩ侯һһײһ£СӣӣҲĲ䵽Ҹ֪𣿻УҲ䵽
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ӳǰ취һһֱվδ侯ȥˣ̲סȰ
С֪㵨ССվű𶯾ǣ˵òǩ侯ԭǶӳѹֿȥôһ㡣
ǽСĹȻ졣
ӳͷС˵껰ǼŭֱðɣСһץһžž˶⣬ﻹͣСðʲô㶼Щʲô𣿸ɣξֳϴСϣҸǣɰȻʲôɣ˼ҲԵۣʲô޺޵ģ뱨ãӽƷɣʱȺ㹷յ
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ģ㻹һְôӳţҪ
ӳЪЪɣٴ򣬻˵ģСס˶ӳóСսʿеͬġ
ӳƺ´ˣȻͣˣ̽ͷ⿴˿Сڶ˾ͣһͣҪ򣡡
ӳ򻹲򵥣̳žǰͣʲô˾Цţǲͣ
Сͣͣ¸񣡡ӳŶͷϵǲá
ͣˣӳҺȵСӣ³򣡡
ҵӵؿŶӳֻгޣûһ˿ķӦ
С㲻ͬһ𣿽⿪³򣡡ӳƻת۾¶Ц
ӳ㲻ˣʲô򰡣ôູˮ϶ûҪСŲ϶
ܣӾҪôܣӳЦţһ߻һǹ˨
Сûֻôһ侯ӹԿףҿ
ˣȻûͼܲ侯ͣǰɣҲˣȻû³һжɶӳڣСġСҲΪһʲôҾȻһһ㡣
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ïܵɭֱ˵۾ޱߵɭ־ɫĺһɽɫĲˣ˻ɽ֮ӣεո˵ضʱÿˬʡߵļƣ˿˿ƵģŮ˶첱ϵɴ
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Ҹû⣬ҲΥһ˼ʰأŵɣ
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ҷӦݣȻִ٣Ȼȵ˵ϣûˤ˲档һңһҧгݵεģӿڣ
εȴЦ𣬺Ȼ۶˰
ϸ룬Ӽ˵˳ɽƴһͨһСϪ
աһӵҸղվĵطըòľҷɡ̣ʲô˼·
СӵͼһʱŵֱðŸһСϪˮ£س԰֡
ӵವСϪˮ۾Ƶһ·֦ժҶҴܡܵʹ£Ϫһè˴֣
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ӳ챨ϼɣǿסС
ǰܣӵѾʧȥĿ꣬ɽ䡣Ҽ򵥵ر˱֪ԼѾܳ侯Щ΢Ч̣Ҳ֪ͣҪЩ˷֣ʱһǹң



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ҳӷĳӷ
ҵûôɥôҲܲʵԼʵʵȥ̣ôһӾͳӷ
˽һСʱôҲת䣬ֱʵ۵òˣſһͣ£ɣ̱ڵأҵش
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ӰɣֻҪܻţͱʲôܰοǣվƨϵĻҳûãɭ֡
վɭ֮⣬ɭֵ纣ǽɭ֮Ѿ˾޴ľѹããֺ֪Ǿͷ㵽˾ͷҲ֪ʲôǰȴҰɵس۲ݣС˵س裬ɽȪˮصңһƺڲһȴֶڲذһҵࡣҾȥľɫܵؽע˼ϡ
ҹһʱ䡣Aسʱһ㣬ԼСʱĵ˳µĵص㡣Aصľӵٶȼʹһ㣬Ҳߵǰܴﵽµص㡣Ҳ˵AؾֺӦÿˡǿʼ֮ʱӦѾСʱ·̣ץңǼǲܵġAѾһСʱ·̣ʱôǵһСʱҽֺҲ˵ڣѾʼˡҲòź£һСʱķܣɽͷӦ׷ϵģοǵƵǰٶȻ׷˺µĵ⣬ӦǸǸֱ˿ɾ·ˣ
أһһɣڻʲô취
ɽһһ룬һһƺûоͷƺȥǾͷǰУʱ䣬ҹɫʼɽڸеһ󼢶
ҵҵԵģȻþ׷ԼˣţҵԼҵĶ
Һãʱֵ£ɽҰǣѡһëܹȥʹҡ˼ҡһҵĻζЩ͸ëҲ׷׵µһҲ˳ģҽȻܳԣŲɣôܳҵವȥѡ͸˵ժ˼ʮҵһɽȪϴˣһɾʯͷϣá
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һƬʯһǷķʯȷ·ʯȴƬʯȥЩǳͣʯҲ¼ȴŪһˮ
ҿʯĲ˳֣ţһߣȥϵҶӣӡ
ҳũͥСҲɩӵĵѧ˲ٱ֯򣬱һССȻڻ¡û󹦷һСĴСڵӾͱˡ
ŴֲȴʵӣЦЦŽĿЩľֵǣǸ֪ˣҪڻأ
ժһӺӣһƺôܳһ죬֮ǿ鷽ʯȥһССȻֻоƱڴϸΪ˿ȴ˲ٿͷŪһ˵ֱ˺üӡ
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̣侯׷ӿɾͲٿˣ
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ҿһѻ𿾿
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οԼ˸Ĭֳ֣˯˹ȥ
УҸоϳʱһ̣ߣôˣľȻӵıˣ
һĴָϸò߲ҵĲϣҵĲȡůءɽʪ䣬ò߶ܲ⺮Ҫ˵
òѧʲôҲ֪߳òݶûɫҲõĵһ㣬Ա˽òߡò߶Բ˱ҧһȻʱϳˣòƣ˵ҲҵȻ֪Ҳ֪ԼҪǱҧˣǾپҲûεģҲȥ
̣Ӿɣ
Ҳò߷Ѿˣ˯ҲЩɣǼһﾹȻ˯Ƶģ²ӣ׼ˡҼòҪߣЦߣ˵ţ磬ץסòߵβͣ
òβͱץ͵һػҧ
ҧţòߣͶʱͽӸ˸ֱ䲻ˡ
û㵹ˣЦţһߣһһ֧߶ϱȻһһ˽ȥƤ񣬱һ̣ʱʹ˽ȥ̽ƤæˣΪһЩȻ˫ֽһ˺һöɫߵ͹˳
ҽߵͷһһţͽ̽˶ӡ
ҿ˿ӣǲ᣺õζҾȻܳԣΪûгĸҪǸ׼һ￾ӣյԺ󻹸Ҳңʵһ룬;ԼжЦ˼ˣ㣡
òߣεֵܣѪģҪѩʲôġ
ӵû˵ߣǰ׵ķȷһ·ץһɽȪϴȻϴӣڳ͡Ա֮󣬴˹ͼӣٴûֺ



֮ ʮ Ю

ߣֽ
һƬԵرżһֻɹϻһĻߡɵУڿյɽȻ졣
գ̫Ѿϸˣ濾ŴءҲеȡдУҲÿǻᱻ̫ɹšȴʱʱ̧ͷȥաҲҪ̫ȷҲҪȷǷ緹ʱ䡣
ֱһ¡¡ԶԶմ㲻ȥˡ
ҳֵĸȥٶ֮죬áԣⲻһִݵĳһֻηݡΪеĵĻ֣̿
һֱĵڻǷˣ
һԮˣԶԶĺֱɻͻƿ
ֱ̣ÿ磡
һһ߳ȥҪܷɻõѡ
ɻԽԽ󣬺ܿͷɵԶĿС
һƬӣֱҿ˿գãɻ֮⡣ӺܣͷǺѹѹڣƶѻȫûˡҷģɻϵҪ뷢ǴϺԶ
Զһ뵽⣬ҵٴ˵̣ᣬԶɲʲôϡȱ
ɻͣǻѵкԶ
ɻϵļһȷʵѾƵģڸһ󣬲ߣɴһƬյϿͣҪ˵ӡ
ĵҪ㣬ͣǰһܡӺͰľǹһЩľϣŪҿĿİģжơ
ǰһܣɻҲɣǰ׷ˣԼһɻˣ
һ뵽ԼںͷɻܣǼߣģӳʲôشӷֵõķɻɼ߹鼤ߣǵӰҷǰܣҲòˣľϣһʱӲˣҲӣ﷢źݣɣ֮ǰ㼸˵汳ӾͲˣ
ҷܣɻ׷Ҳ֪˶ãͻȻóһ̧ͷҲѽһп಻
ԭѾ˾ͷ
ֵľͷһƬľ֣СĹľ޷Ҳҽľֻ֣÷ȥȴܣɻһġֻõͷܣϣһ޼ʵɭ֡
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֪ԼǳˣıȴʹҼǰܣҳ޵ʹҽľץýģһҲϷɡһһɣյķɻͣӵҪ㵽ôڴɭͣץˣ
˵ùʱʲô鶼˳ɲҺ˲ʮӣҾҲûˡҵǰ棬һ£
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һͷ˿֣ͷƺеķɻΡ
Ҳ䵽ٴǿ䵽ˣܰɣ
ٴŤͷ±ܡ
ɻʼˣѾˣҪˣӣǾҪǹˣ
һŮһ䣺ҿʲô֣
ɻϺģǱˣϯꡣ
ףȴվɷܡ
žžǹû˷ɻ޴ĺӵҲ֪ףԼҪٲһǹɾͲᳯˡ
Уҵٻصȥ±ܣûڻ̫ˣ
ţͻȻһŤٴν֡һν֣Ҿɵˣֻ֣һһӣһз
ҿһôϣʹ˼ӼٵתţҸô죿ô죿
⣬һ£һǹľԣľһƬأſ׻éݡȥǿ϶·һӿܹȥҲʲô³ܣҲ̫ܰѷɻ׷ô죿ܵ취
ɻѾéƺڲƺϿͣʼˣ
ɣӵһ˴죬ʱɻϿʼˣͻȻýˡ
Ҳӣӭŷɻ߳ӣ
Ѿȷɻϵľϯ֪꣬Լ߳ӣǲεǹģͬʱѾ⣬ҪϯץԼʱЮһһﵱʣȻҪЮɻ뿪ھǹȻûаգҪھԼӵʱЮһ˵ʣһгֵİյġ
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оŮ죬˵ƳϯСϯݣСվоǰ棬Ҳɡ
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ˣͶɣѾ·ˣϯ˰춼˵̲סȿ˿ڡ
ϯƣһǣŽ
һЦϯЦ֪֪Լʲô£
ǱƵģұݺ
˵ˣһȥһģϯƺ¡
ȥðץҰɣЦ
Ϊûץ㣿ϯҲЦϯͲа
ϯ˵ţ͵ؾͳļ˼ƳжҵҲųɵľ룬Ҳһת˲Ĺϯ嵽ǰɽűҵҪ
Ц˫һȵ˸ϯɽߵ˳һ㽫Сųȴǰһ̽ץСȡ˫ץסϯȽţֻһʧȥĵϯ㲻ͶҵĻ
˫ɵϯȽţһϯ꽿С۰ػסһ㣬ɫҰףһҲܶҲţּ̽䣬ǹγϯǹּ䣬ǹ˨ǹڶ׼ϯ̫Ѩ
ץסϯĽţϯ뻳סϯӣǹǹ˨һϵжһ˲ɵģϯûܷӦЩľҲûзӦ
վסҴһ֣ҵʮ㡣
Щ¶ǰľ·ʱŷ֣ǵϯѾ˼ҵķ²ҷǳΣգ߸ʱվסˡ
Ѹɨһ³ϣٴδȵ˻طɻȥȻҾһǹ
ˣ쵰㣡ϯƿ֪֪ںܹ֣
ұ죡ҲòȻ¸Ͽ˻طɻȥȻ˶㲻ǣϿϷɻ뿪Ȼȴϯ꣬ĴԼ
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ϿϷɻȻ濪ǹˣУǱŷźǹӵǹǿʮľԣ˵׳Ļٴвˡ
ˣкýģϯĵصңʲôԩҸ飡
ٸһףҺȵҲ¿Ϸɻʧȥģ£Ǿһȥﱨɣһ
£ϯɲ˻ߵغ
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ȥǣϯԼſǻˡϯеȥǲҾ͵ֻ꣬öԲˡ
߸ôϯƵЦѸ˻ص˷ɻ·ץסݣŮеȥˡ
зɻ뿪ұ֤İȫȻɱ²飡ҼɻϷߣŶϯ˵
ǿɿǿɿϯţӵؿԼΪʣսֱ뿪ϯί֮顣
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ߣֽ
ɻҵʧˣĺƿյҲˡһֱ˵񾭶ʱɳҲίƵģϯֽɿǹҲȥ
ϯǼлɳˣ͵ҵĻ˫ֱеǹ
ǹݸϯ꣬صϯƣģ
ϯ꿴ŵݵֱߵǹһʱȻˣ쵽;첻ңֲʣһʱվţԵΪѡ
ϯ𪽿۵ֽ֣ǹ쳤̾һżίϯƣԲ˵Ķˣ˱ð㣬ղ֮Ю㣬ֻǵѡ㲻ˣǹǻɣ
ϯվŲ۴ؿӷۺģ۵Ϲᡣ룬ҲǸղŶһ㣬ɵˡ
ҽǹݸϯ꣬תߣ±߳·ȥ
ϯɴվţƺ˵Щʲôûƺתȥ޹أȻһ㷴ӦûУ
⵱ȻãҿԳô˻
룬ϯԣҸһǻʹĵί¶Ϳ־壬ᡣһУ԰ųɵӡҹܲЩˣΪҲܲˡ
վסȻҾͿǹˣ
һϺȣҵĺ˼롣ҲضһΡ
ϯϾǾ죡һǾĹӲʹܿعӶֻӷľʱΪһƳȻϷѵõĻᣬҸղŶҲ̫ͻҲӦñղŵһ֮ޣʱһ˫ǹָҵĺ󱳣
ұվסˣҵڳ鶯س鶯
ˣһȥɣ֪ǵߣܴϣ̹״ӿֻ·һϯѾӱٳֵĹ¶Ϳ־нѳټǹ˵ʮ㡣
תȥһرԹϯ꣬΢۾ϯƣ˰㵱ˣҲֱľ죬ѵ֮Σ
Ҳĳ֮Σʵȴذǰʵ뵽˼ִйͬʱҲʵڶԲ˼Ҹǵ÷Źң
ˣִйֱ޹ء㻹ʵһȥȡĿɣִԲˣϯһ˵һҿǹ֣ٿΣշӣҲˡ
ͻȻЦЦ룬кɽ֮СЦмֻųȥɵĽ죬Լë׵е㵨ˡ
ˣЦʲôϯŭص
ϯƣΪɵӣһɵװӵǹ㣿Ŷʲô˵ţһӵ̯ϯ꿴ڻǹ֮ǰҾһ֡
ϯӵ˲ǵͨ죺ˣ㣡գ
ϯƣ߰ɣҡ˵۾ɨһеӵͻȻһ־壬̣ôô⣡
ҵɫһ΢Сı仯˾ˣҵһ˲ָʼᡣ
ץס㣬ϯݣϯƺҲЩǿƢ
ΪʲôץЦ
ΪҲңϯ꿴Щɵֲġ
Ҳ˵΢ۣ˫ֻеصȴϯĽ
ϯԼǱִݼŭˣǹ˺سʹ֣Ҫҵı۰
Ҳ֣˫ֻǰƲ䣬ϯץԼı۰ҡκһɽһţϯҡѺһ㣬κβˡ
ͻȻ֣Ǹϯ꣬ٴζϯǹǹָϯ̫ѨصˣҪһٰˣŲţ
ϯ֣Цŵǹûӵ
˭˵ûУЦţٴ̯֣ƲӲӵӵݵϯǰֻоſӵһأ
ϯˣ
ΪвϯЩˣһӵǹţӵûбҳҵһʱ⣬ҪҵСںˣóϯİɥҲ˳
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ߣϯӿڣҲˡ
ߣһܰߵˣЦƯô򽻵Ҳϲ٩ƲͬһɫϯƣղűΣðĵطԭ£
Ȼߣǣǹңϯһ˿ϲɫ
ǹȻҪ㣡ҵص
ǻ㣿ϯƲסĵϲãЩ֪һֻ̡Ҫǹ֣һӵĵж룬ʱôʰôʰң
Ȼ֪˼һǲ£ص𼱣Ұӵ˸㣡
˵ţʹ˸ַϯ궼׵ַһת˲ͼöӵʮöӵͷ򻢿ڷսʿֵġ
ħħϯ꾪ֵ۾
ȥɣҵصӦûӵҪңȻлᣡ
ϯһɵһ죬ӹǹٲ˼װУȴǹŽǹסתһת͵شǹԱ߳һذףָЦˣ㲻ǹСҲܽ£
ôԣЦˡֻҪǹʮϯ꣬Ҳ·
Ծԣϯ֣Ϊֵ˱ˣӵϡ
ҵһúáһ࣬ϯ͵Ĵ̻һ̣㽫ϯյץסˣʹҹõĶ󷨡ȻҲܶϯõҶϵĶҵĺ֣ϯô۵Сôöأ
ϯǳʹذҲղסʹֶذףЦŵŮɶذףǸðɡ˵ţҧסذףֱȥ
åҪɶϯߵ糺죬ŭֱ
Բҵʣ˵ţȻ֡
ˣ·ģϯ
ϯƣ˺ףѣҵصҪһ£ղֻȡϵĵʣռˡٲǶԲå
ǲåϯ죬ԭΪһеĺ꣬û뵽㾹Ȼôһˣ
ôһˣЦҵϣһа
һ쵰һåϯڸһǿӷ˵
ҲåͻȻŭҲȷʵʲôöҲһɫϲƯŮ˵ظƨɣҾԲå
ҴʱͷһģһѪѪģһ˵Ķ񣺡Ҹ㣬˸նŵ꣬ڷ³ϣ˴ӲŮˣ
ϯңұףƺرģĵ⣡
åååϯֵ񳪸һ
˶䣬һȥٲϯȴ
վסվסٲվסҾͿǹˣϯ󣬱׷ߺһѸػӵĵУ˾ģ½ҵȴϣҲҪҼù鰸ˣ
ΪԼһʱ嶯ûڲѣ˵åååɣ̣ɶѽܣ㶨Ҫ˰̣
֪ϯʮǹ׷ңҪͣ£ٲͣҪǹˣȴͣҲͣѾϯץס˻ᣬҪͣ£Ǿ·ˣ
Ҳܵø죬ҸߴӰּζŤ˹ֵţԷϯǹе͵ıܵʽ
žϯ꿪ǹˣ
ǹԽɽֵɽϿգʱɵϣɫĳڱտɷǺÿ
ӵϣಡһˡ
ţǰܡ
ˣӣ治һǹ㣿ϯգžһǹһСˣҪΪǹУڸᣡ
Ҳ֪ϯҪһǹңǲô֮ģֻöһѣʲôδؿ֣
ˣϯûˡ
ϯˣҪ㣬ýͣҵⳡĲҪܿˣ
ɣԴ󱳣Ǵȣ
ЦŮûзҲһˣ



֮ ڶʮ ߶

ߣֽ
죬ͷǰܣֻǹȥ
ǣҲûǹȴһҽУ
ͻȻĲҽУ
Ҵһϯꣿôˣ
ˣңҡȷʵϯֲ̼꣬
Ǽưɣҵվסˣȴסɻ
Ұߡϯٴ𣬲װġ
תȥϯ굹ڵϣֵ̿ȴôҲҲһȥʲô͵طٶܵϯߡ
ߣߣϯһˣ˾ǣָŲԶĲݴԣֵ̼̿ϣȻǺˮ
ôûҧɣûпߣȴϯ¶Сȣλÿҧġ
ңҾǱҧˡϯƺԼҧˣæСȻ˸ƣ¶ӡӡͨ죬Ѫ
æȥץסϯСȣ˿㣬æγذףԼT˿λðˣȻذ׼˿λñȻʮ֣첻Ҷ֡
Ҫʲôϯ֪ھǺʹ
Ҫ˿ʮпڣ²ʹʡɽڱ⣬ǳ죬һܣΪпڼ֣һʱͷ˶ĺ顣
аɣҲҪϯſǻ
Ҳԥذ׼ⰴϯϸƤӡ˸ʮ֣øѪпڴһɫѪûֱͷһ֪߶æذףȥͺס˿ڣ
ϯСְۣһϸỬĸоҪƽʱǵôϸ塢ôỬƤһѪţ٣϶Ҳ߰սУʱȴҵһûУλ޹أҲ޹أʱҪ
ҺϯСϵʮпڣһڣֻ˿ڴӿһȣڵĴϯµҺ塣æɿڣݴڴѪҺѪҺɫڣȻԲᡣµѪֺסʮпڡ
ˣΪˣϯ˫ֽץסȣлҡ
һڣ³ȥ£ûʱش
ˣлл㣡ϯٴθлţԷθָоһҪץӷһҸղŻڳ㿪ǹӷǣȴΪ˲׳ԿͽֺʮڰӲѪж㻹ϵͳİݣס˿޹ߣ˵㵽Ǻ˻ǻˣ
ûпպЩæڵĶأ£
㹫Ȼ;ԿϿ߹Ƕ˼پɽ׽ԲأǸصĻΪʲôðűץΣңҿһץľ찡˵㵽ʲôˣϯԼǶƸһˣҾ͸ôˣ߶˰졣
ҿѪ޺ˣһȻѰ˿ڸĲˣͷҲ̧ص㲻лңҪ˵лҸлŶԣղûҺĿǹѾǹˣ
ϯǺڨڨصˣִй񡪡
һ󲼴ֽˣһ߶ϯ˵ⲼʮӾɶһ£ѪҺͨȻСȻᱨϵġֲܲ򣬶عģҲȲ㣡ķɻźŰɣȻֻﷸȥ
ϯ˵ͷæЯĶԽ֪ͨ½ɻ¸ɻAأ;Ϳˡ
վ̾ϯ꣬ҲǾһΣŹҰɣҲҪܣǱǻݺܵļڰ;ǹ



֮ ڶʮһ Ѳ

ߣֽ
ұһǵĺһʹŪˡ۾Ϊ֪Լ
ؼǵã뿪ϯ꣬سǰܣͻȻоһᣬ͵ߵķһ㣬Ʈҡ׹
ѨҵĵһӦ
ƺұϵİľڶϹҵֱ죬½ٶҲ˺Һܿʶܲܰȫأȫľˣ뵽˫ַץסľƽգԼڶĦԼ׹ٶȡ
ľܽʵڶĦ»˰Ҳû۶ϣǣխĶб俪ʱ
һоľʧȥҾ֪ˣԼȫˣ
ٵ׹䣬߶ȵѣΡ
ڸоӳʧȥʱˡ
ˮʵıˮûҴӣֻԴðˮ档ֲƯˮ沨ģҵĺ󱳺ʵڵʯͷϣ֫ҲζʵصİȫСҲûʧȥ֪һҶܹоʵڵظоҵͷͽţһʯͷסˣŲˮƯ
̾˿ңҪǵˮһѿˣ˵һ
ʹǴӺ󱳺ָϷġ鷢̣·ǿˤӹˮ̹ҹǴӸߴʱˮɵġָʹȴһִʹ·һǯǯҵʳָ
ۣоߺܰᣬеߣҿָǡǯӡʲô
һֻз
ǵģһֻзһֻ͸з
һֻڴС͸зǯסҵʳָͣݵ򳢣ζӣ˵ĸоؼС
дŭ߷ߵϻ㻹Ϊǲè͵һ֣罫зץţзֻѱ۶ϣˮ
ҷˮǺЦӶŶأοһһЦһذףӲǣ㣬Žؽ
ꡢꡭһһζ
һֻз¶ǣҸоԭ̫Ķӷˣֹҿ֪Ͳֻˣãֻùзɡ
йߺǹ·Զˮ﷢Ǵͷʲôɽ©׽һֻз伢ȴΪ̫ˮﵽûֻˮԴȥˮûϥǹԴζʮԶˮ
ҿˣһöмСʯͷᷢʯͷһƲסĳ嶯̣ܷʯͷ˵ͲǴ˵еҹ飡
˷ܵؼöʯͷ˫ţ϶Ǳ
ʯͷģΣӨӫ͡ϸ壬رһɷԲÿһ䡣
Ǳ˫ţף˵ᶼ۽ǡб˭ףǲǱʯֻҪܷ⣬ҽµ·ҾлѨȥ
һʱ̫˷ܣҾȻٸеΪ˫ִڴߣһĸо
֣
ӶˣԾ°ͣǵôӿʱǹ˺ӵġҵӡŹȥһ죬ôӶ糤ˣѵһԣԼĺӾͳÿˣֻߣԼһԣȻܶȥˣ
¿˿µӺǳôӼߴ˲ȣôҵĵطһӸղѵһǴƯģպᣬͷͽűʯͷסˣͣôҵĵطһǺӣҵòӺӵĳȺˮѾ죬ˮ³Ӧвֹ˵ӦѾAصؽˣ
ҳԵģ̣˵
ŷʯͷСĵȥˮѰʳˮзôļһǾһкܶܳԵĶзϺӦöеġ
ȻһʯͷץһзֻһֻСƺŻ˿ǣȫġָо˼ҲŹؽС
ʵڶˣ˷ܹȥ̧ͷǺĸо
ǻᷢʯͷ˳ˮһ·ȥôѶŪ˸Ŷӣ˸ãǳһоر⡣
Աˣҿʼ飬ԼԼԻ
˵϶Aɽĸأ
ɽͨ
Ҳͨ꣬Ҳͨƽԭ
ɽͨ𣿡
ҲܣҲܡܣ㻹лؼգܣʹʧɣܲܣ㶼ӦѰҳ·ѰĻᣬŵ
ҳһЩɥȴ쳣ǿңһҲġʯͷϸտɽȻܸߣ¥ҲܿжʮסһСϪˮļܸоӴӴҲʮףˮҲĵطûϥǣǳĵطűͲ
ˮУһҵڣұٲɣϣˮСĵǰС
ӴˣҾˮǰСˣץзϺ伢ˣͺлҲ֪˶죬˶·ֻһоһˣ·Ҳһˣ˵AأֻBضˣ
ɽȻûоͷˮȻļȻܴɽȻض͡ԽԽûף̣ɽɽͨԭɸԭͨǧ֮ƽԭɣһ뵽·̣ͷëһϾ͸í㲻ǻû𣿴ôߵĵط㶼û㻹ˣѲк󸣣͵󸣰ɣҿҲʲôƨ󸣣ҳȥɣɽյߣӻģǸ޷Ȼǻ
㿿˵ɽ·ʲôãĵ˵棬˶֪ӷкӹ˲֪ӷ޷ģһ֤ݵĶûУܲ涼⣬ʲôãһҲܲרҪܡ
ܣȴͣ
ֹ˲֪죬ͻȻֽµˮƽˣٱúӴҲʼһֱֻʯĺӴȻɳӣ
쵽ͷˣ
̲סĵľϲЩڰյɽǰУҵĺ붼һ೤ԼһΪû˴ģذ׹ΰɣ̫ۣ͹βˡ
һ죬ǰУͻȻһĸоЩ죬æͣ˽Ųǰȴ۾ˮееһֻзϡ
зѾ˾ռˣӦòҵע⣬Ϊһûûʳʱ䡣
ֻзȴҵע⣡
зȫɫƽǸӣǳƽȴ̫ƽˣΪҼзȫ͸ģɽз֮͸Ϊ⣬ֻзɫң˵ʲô˵ɹ̫һֻзɹҿе̫ôһˣʱ䣬ǻж
һ˷ܣ·سǰܣɽм˷ܣˣ
ˮԽԽƽڲˡҵȴԽԽΪҿ˸ɫҵзԼɫ㡣һƺɽתǴ͸˵⣬Ϊﲨԣ˸˸أζԹ⡣
ҿһ⣡Ʋסϲã԰׳̵ٶ˹ȥ
ɽתǴ͸¶ϣЩԵĲ⣬˸š
תǴСĵǰ̽һŴͣأҲϲ£һ˫۾Ҳɵмʯͷ
̣⣬ʲô



֮ ڶʮ ŭɱ

ߣֽ
ҴվתǴһûҶһ
ȷʵˡ⡱ǹⲻ̫ģǳɰǧϸʯͷڷʯͷĹ⡣Щ⾧Ө˸ɫʰ쵣ӳڷ΢ĺ棬Եر
ƾֱ֪ЩʯͷһǺ˵ͺָ
ͺĽָ»ߵƹ·ӣһҲǣԷģⱲһҪɩҲôһö
ۼôܷâʯͷǰɳ̲ϣұӦҲƲסǰʰҾȻվûЩʯͷַܲǳֵǮĶҲӦǰȥܷôâʯͷ͸Ӷ棬һֵƨƨߵģ
ҶվţһҲϢҲѹţ죡
Ϊҵǰһ޴ߣ
߻̣һţʮȦռϴһƤӰˡ߰ͷ۾ʱʱ³Ѫţ̽⣬·һжҪϮ֮һÿ
ҹһ£һ׳ֵĵطҵСȶӴ󣬿ȥرġһԼᵽһһǴһɢġ
ҲȥΪ֪ԼҪëǼһǳӲϣ׼Ϊ͡ӱţʳģҪëܻҧҰɣ㿴˵ͷ̣Ȼ
źսҲǵһοߣҲǵһοߣЦһǵһοǰ˵Ҳû
Ĵһȥԭ·Ӧǵѡ񡣵ѾܷˣҲ˵ػ߲֪·ؼǷȥȥAǸطʲôֻһ··ǰߣ
ǾίʵͬСɣǲãô죿
ƺû뿪˼з֮еļͷ߰ţҲķ̽ŵڻƶƺҪ̽ԵúСģһӾͳҲֵˣͷҲʵڲСӰɣ
̣Ҳȥھ٣µãǴһﵹˣ
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ΣΪεͷ̧ûܸߣ¶ѩ׵߸׼ߴ磬Ź䣡
ˡһ˶ߴ磡
ʹ˲ʳһţڵڷƺʹ
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Ҿˣ۾ɵ񼦵ʯͷұϾһ³Ժת֮䣬ڶ֧Ȼˡһٴ˶Ӵӡ
θûߴ硣ƺ֪ԼҪͲߴ¶ͬʱҲûʱϸϸ׼ֻôѼȥǹ˵ǣһֻ˶ĸ
յֱ£ţֱľսٲǶȻһεǰ
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ںӰһ£͵һͻȻҷ˹ߣƷǳˣҼɵӷɿһͬʱľٴͻӹȥֻ˶Դǰ˵Ӷһ٣Ų˳ȥڿлһĵĻߣһ˺ˮ
ҴһȻоЩ
ˮһ£Ȼûһ㣬ٴ˰ޱȵس׼ҵСȣҧ
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һͱֱͱ˶ʲΪľϰͱȴ֣ʹ̵ǰ壬ֱ˵˶ϡǿͱһľľϰָʹֻ÷βɨ޴ƣɨ
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ҲˣڵϣԼòܻˡ
һƨڵϣڴڵشȵľֺۣĹҵȫܡ
ϢƽҶذ׽ˣСĵԣȷʵѾ㵨ذڶߴ紦ݺݵ£ֱߴ紦ͷѣŰݡ
ҲвԼҲŽذϴˣTϲֲ뵶ʡͷ˿ľڶ᲻ΰԼľæҲȥˮϴˣչʹǰߡ
ǰâ˸ǧٿСʯͷҳ˼ȵջ
ҳǰȥЩСʯͷ͵ؽT£ƽڵأؼʰ
Сʯͷܶ࣬󣬴ĲĴָ֣СĽлƶ󡣵һɳʰ壬ȫ˸ĹâƯҲֲǵʲôʯͷֻĪؼţЩʯͷһܸԼˣȻҲͶһػ
ҼʯͷTˣ˩ϣŷʯͷǰߡתһ䣬ǰͻȻһڣ˲ûڵϣ
ԭǰѾû·еֻǰ򳡴Сĺ
ģŲĺˮǺںĶڣϸѰңҶûҵڡ
һںף룬ûгڣˮֻȴˮλǣûгڣǲܵģ˵ˣЩɫзȥһܼˣ
ţ˽˩Tֽľûļһ캬˷ʯҪºȥҳڡ
һ̤ˮͻһɺɫˮƮһϸʱ־ȻǶѪһѪųȥǰǰкܴ󣬵ϸܲ׿
Ҹ˼ˣ϶ھ棬ͨһ˺˹ȥ



֮ ڶʮ ջ

ߣֽ
дһֱҲҪȥ̽ѰýһȥŷʯĹ⣬Һܿͷһͨ
ͨˮƽˮλСǰ˴ԼʮףоﲻסˣǱˮɲҵǿֻǿţǰΣϸΪ֪ǲˮѷⶴ
˴ԼʮףҲﲻסˣֻϸҪٲҿɾֻбˣ
ͷðˮ棬˵Ҫ
ԭͨûȫˮ˶෴ǰ˴۵Ĺâ
ˣҳˣһһ·ʯô
ǰԼʮ׾ͿԳˣ
Ҳԥǰȥܿˣҵޱȵļ׵ɩǰңɰӶǰҡ塱
ҲһҲа򳡴СһڣˮγһСϪʡ
˰ΧȻɽ֪Ȼɽ˲١Ҫ˿ܼĵ⸱ģһŻ˵ġ
Ϊұ˶Լһ
ˮԼݣԭ˶ңͷңɼ磬պ°ͣ糤ҵɫҲ԰ûѪɫݣһҰˡٿԼϣ㣬˩һһذףһľãĻе
ҹ˲ôԼĵԣȷһɽƵĸߵͣŰľذףβѰ·ɽȥ
˳ɽƣҳɽ˲СʱͻȻ
һ˵ƺʹ࣬ƺѾߣڵϦĸо
ӷݣóȻѰǰȥȴһϾǴɽ˻·ԼѣȻˣûԹ۵ĵ
Сĵؽӽӣ˴ڣҿǰһʯͷϾȻһˣġ
ͷܳҵĲࣻҲ̣ҲҵĶ̡һĳˣֻĳºͳƺΪףңġҲɽ˵Եʣǲ׵¿ҲŪȫģʧȥƵķɡ
⣬һᣬǡͬˣαʶҹ˲࣬ڵβݾ˹ȥ߽ŷ֣˳ŨŵѾڸףҲˡҼ龰֪׼ʲô˲õˣæ⿪ĳۣ뿴ǲǲҲˡ
Ŀȫڣףҵ˿˶ˣлͷ
˼һ°ۣشæ°ľʣ֣ôˣ
ٴηһ°ۣѾϵ촽һţӺＷߡߡҡ
ߣﲻһǸҧһˣڲüȣѾǶģûٻͷˡ
Ҫȥ˿ڣȴѾڷ׵ֶ˶ƺҪָʲôҿҾȵؿ֣ϺȻӡӡźѪֱۣȻȫˡٿ֣ѾûһڲˣȻˣѾûˡ
˶˶֣ΪҪҿ˿ڣ֪ȴָŲԶһӣӺＷǼ֣ߡҡġߡ
һߡ˵꣬˵ͻȻͣ£ͷһᣬû˶
ҡҡˣ֣ѣ֣ѣ
Ѿͫ׷Ŵֹͣһ
ˣ૵ص֣˲㣬ʵж̫ȲˣûκΣֻΪڸӣˣ
˵ţ࣬˸ʯͷĵطذ˸ӣܽˣˡ˷ŽҪȴͻȻס֣ѵһڿˮ֣ͷֿϧģ㿴ңͷ˲ˣģǻɣǱҶ֮ɡҲлңҲǵȼ۽ҲңҲûа취
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ˣ˵ĳ£Ȼذײ䣬תҪ뿪ͷҰľʱȴľǸԱߡé˿ڣƺʲôڲֵ䶯
ղ˵Ǽ֡ҡġߡֹѵߣ
뵽ߣͲشľݺݵظǴһĻһض˶ĺۼжϣʲôȷװߣо͸ǿˣ̣ӸԵ첻㣬ӻͲˣ
ðӽߴյҪúõشȴͻһȣֵܣˣ˾ˣ
ҳһ̧ͷʱԶˡҼˣٳһԭˣȻһһװĵģǮˡǸй˷ġЦָߵ˵ֵܣλߺܸȤߣǧˣ
ҵߣҸе˼飬һ⣬Զӹҵ߸ɶ
Ǹй˵ֵܣ˵֪ɣɽֶȫһ޶λоҲ壬Ҫߡ
Ǻǣô֪ҵ߾ǶǴһﻹ㷲̣ȶôʱ⣡
Ǹüˣ֪ܲץʲôߣйЦˡ
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ҽʹӷҲûǮҪвĵЦŵ׼٣
˵ֵܹȻˬ죡ôţϵĻӸǾǣϾͿԸǮ
򣿡Ҿ۾ˣ˵ʵڻζ벻һ߾Ȼֵ
ô٣й˼ˣֵܣ٣
ƽϢЩΪʲôߣһﻹǱУҵȣӻǵ㡣
ɣҵصҸұ֤ҵɫƽ
ʮ򣿡йƺЩԾ
ҵͷȴ˺ּۻۡ
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ֱ̣̣⻹óǮģֽ֧Ʊԣ
ＤȴȻģֻҪֽ֧Ʊ
йæֵܣֻֻֽܵɽСȡǵĻ͸ɽȥأֻ֧ܿƱˣ
Ժת̣ҿɲܺ㵽СȡʲôǮ˵ӷײˣˣץҲǷĹҪϾ죬ùɵˣǼþհɡ
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ô᣿м٣͵ȥԣй˼˿ڣظ֤
̣ӵĸȥԣɽأ
й˴ӹһƤ䣬ӣƱݸңҽؽӹֳ˼ţ٣Ʊ棬ֵ֧Ʊأ
йæͷ󹾣˺ܿһ֧Ʊݹҽ֧Ʊ˿ʵڿ٣㶵ﴧ־ô㶵ﲻȫ̫ǮҲ㣬ЦŶй˵ҿǵƤͦģһô
йЦЦֵǮǣ
ҽӹƤ䣬Ҫ룬װ˳ƱԼİذסðľˣڼϣЦŵһλĶǵˣݰݣ
ݰݣһֱû˵ֻ仰ȻӦһ
ҹЦţ߳Сˡ
̣ʮҲ̫ˣʵҺ֪ⶾĺм۸ʱûѪ



֮ ڶʮ 

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ɽ֮ǰҶɽϴ˸裬˳㽫¿ϴɹˣľȫɽȻͷͳû취Ụ̄ôԼ˸ڵɽűˡ
ϴ¿ʱҷһ֤һߵġԭ߽ʯYʡHˡ֤ϵͷҿкܴ룬׾Ƥ룬ͷҲ̣˵˿һм϶˾ߣΪǰȻɽ൱һʱ䣬һҲ֡
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ҵϷسһ˷˼·ӣһ˫ƤЬȥԼԴ
һʦӴң֣
ҵͷҿ
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ʲôˣˣҹһη˵翴ԼĺӲ˳ˡ
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Ҵʱ򣬼ֱһˡٺ٣㿴ңĸߴ࣬⬺ͣиԣһգôһܰʯͷƤ䣬ٺ٣ٲȻһģڻǮ
ҶԼ⣬Ҫ丱īϣǼֱһϴ󡣵ʱ쵱ץˡ
СתһȦұҪǰHسǡҼϳʱһ˫ȴץסҵĸ첲ʯվס
ҳһֱҿȻ˽ҵʯһǸŮˣ
תȥһŮ˱һĺӣ˫סҷ߷ߵʱǧģ˦ĸܰվסվס
ˣؿŮˣ֪˵ʲôá
ιӣ㻹߲ŶͳŮƱԱұŮסΪҲˡ
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ףŮǸȥʯţ
̲ס࿴˿Ůˣʮ꣬ģĽãףа⣺Ů˵ӣһǰҵʯˡǼҴϹ·ӣֺϹһӣһʱϲұϾϹò⵱ŵģֲ
Ͻеļʯ˵׷׷ˣôнԼŽдɩ𣿡
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Ůؿ˿ңЦ͸װɣ㲻װô˳ذˣ
ûˡ¾ȻŮˣԼϹϴҴʱͷͺӣŮ˺úϣ
ŮˣȴæŽӹȥΣְǸ򣡴ǲǰһˣ
εţӵһԶӶпӶ軹嶼û治Ǹ壡
Ů˽̺򣬲ٽңԼˣźӣú˯ԼҲƺƣˣͷҼϣ۾
ұÿԼļ򣬵ŮѾɷԺֻܶԴźԼôٶأͿɣ
ƱƱƱԱʼǮˡߵŮʱʵ˭Ʊ
Ů춯˶Ȼǵˣ
ҿЦ˳ƱŤͷȥķ羰Ů˱۾һҲپܾȻʯͷ磬㱧ΰɣҺۣĺۡ
һͷŮˣһ㲡ĵ㲣ܾȴֲֳ̣Цҡҡͷֽӹ˺ӡӺܸƵģŴؽУֵʹ
ұźӣ󲻳ôɰĺӣȴû˸ףֿ˿ͷŮˣҲ󲻳ôŮˣȻûɷ
Ůһ˯سǡͣúҽɩѣվˣ
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ʯŮˣˣ
̣治֪ʲôùôţŮ˾ǲ
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ǣãŮЦʯѾҧˣԴӹ˾գˣء
ֿˣΣæȰããûúõػţ˰ɣ
ŮˣЦһãʯͷ磬ˣ
Ҽúˮֱⶼĸѽǣ



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ڶʮ ο
ߣֽ
ȥģŮ˰Ѻӱڱϣһҵֱ֣
ҿŮ˶ԼоЦãæ˦Ů˵ֵɩҪµCȥͱˡزʶţʲô£
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žһĶ⣬ҵһնʱġ
ˣգּŭá
һû˭ôȻ֮Ҳˡ֮԰ôһ£ΪҸ벻Ů˻ôһ¡һŭֱð뷢һԼǸŮˣǸɷĿŮˣлʵû
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գεҡͷ󲻳ŮƾʲôԼҲ󲻳ȥԼ׸ô졣
һΣʵش𣡡ָңɫǵҪȥ
ҲٺŮ˾ΪôһСȳ˾Χ˸ȦӣǷǷǡӷݣԸ˵ע⣿æóȦӣˣˣȥס꣡治Լʲôùô㣡
üȥһõЦʯͷ磬ãǵù⻰ԼЩǰ˵ģ
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ߣֽ
ˣҲٴ㿪ȴȥϴּţãţˣ
ǣǣǻˡϴּɪ
Ҳ֪Ǽǰʲô˾ȴóһڲڵĸףھ˾աͥ֫ľ޴ѺʹࡣծƵöӵĻ̿뾪塣һУһŮӦóܵġ
ŮˣӦöڴ¸Ьףҵӵʱҵġ
ãҰɣˣڣû˺㣬£ºͣڲߣԶǿҵͬġ
ţ̽Դֲ̿ûȥʯͷ磬棬𣿡
ģ㻹ܲʯͷ磿ҾȻʯͷˡҵӿ˵ĺ飺СŮ˺ͺӣӦģ
ллأûаɣʯͷ磿Ů˾ŮˣԶ˵ϣ־Լ͹ġʯͷ硱ˡ
ܰô㻹֪ңǣҿԴʮ⣡˵ʵúɷϴ˵Ǽ٣Ҳδؾֵܷ
ùȻøʯͷ磬Ҿ֪а취ģ
أûγĵʡ浣ģôʧķŮˣôչ˺òĺӡ
Σûͷ溰
γ˳Сһƨɵ¶СҡҡλεģȥػƤ
ӷۣſ㱳һ죬ɱӣҹĵصҾˣڿʼҪξһ׵Σ˭ԼȥİְֵĺôأҪҪʯɷΣһû⡣
ɣ˸ϱġϴ裬һҲ㶼ŵûУһ˵һ߰ͷϴּ䡣
Цŵɶһεˣһŵɶ˵ûɶ׵ûʲôʧķŶ
Ȼ룬һȥβӷۣġκܹأһ㶼ƤֻǶҵӸе棬ʱʱСץ
ҸδñģóһŴȥڴϣԴֿʼתô죿ԼʯȻһӣȻǲܵģô͵͵ܵɣܴϰٺǹʵľƤߣܴôһŮǰߣҲܣĿôһŮͷѵĿôСĺҲͷǣ㵽׸ô죿ô죿ô֪ô찡
ܡܣͷͷʹɾǳ취̾أȴϴּ亰ʯͷ磬Ҵ걳Լ겻ûϴˣ۹
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̣һ˾ѣһαҲѣѣѣ



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˵ö飬ԼҲøŶ飺ǰҲǳ԰ټҷټ³ģԼеϢûȥǣҿûָˣǺǣ
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ҽӹƬϸ֪ҹѾˣҲð˳ȥ



֮ ʮ Ѫ

ߣֽ
ߵܺСƬƬͷǻҩļŶ³ִܲãͷþˡǸʩͼҲ˵ˣͷβô⡣˵Ҳ֪⻪ҩļǸʲô˳ֽƬε߶׼εˡ
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