[Խ]Ŵ״ԪTXTأȫߣ㿧̲


İ
ΪһӤΪ˼ңˣ죨ͷ£أڿƾ֮·ƴĹ

ݱǩԽʱ 
ؼ֣ǣлһ  ǣҶ  ƾ٣Իռ

1 
죬꽻ӵʱھºӴϵһũȴӵģΪӶϱҪˡ
ңҽȥɲл־лĶӡ
ڲͣĲҽŵľϱݡ
ϱĲҽл־Ҫվסˡ
лҲȶ򶨶٣ȻǰҪĶӸסˣ֦أȥңţ
ﲻ˵ڶˣ
Ź֣
л˵ǲ˭ͷһѾͷûô鷳ԡ
л־ò漱ת
ĲϱһҪӲа
һˣҲΪԭŻһֱŵġ
󱦱ӣ
ǣлҿɾҲվֱˡ
˵Ҳ֣лͷֻһޣΪСʱһûмʱȥӱջˣӦƽҪĶ࣬ѾʮˣҲӤһ㡣Ǹл־ƽĶӣȻȫҲ˸ĲУû취ֻôһӡ
л˵ͦãҲ˵Ϊ̫󣬺ӳŲԲųɵӡ
лͰͷŮǾͷǳĽӵˡ
ҵŮˣŮлɣŮлԼҵĹŮл֦䣬ƽʱʱǶǽ֦֦ĴŮѾˣ
εľϱǸѵģҪлһԺɾĳ˴˵ľˡ
֦棬תȦˣлͲѶӸڵʵһˣתԼͷΡ
ҪʵҲ뵽ȥתȦȥˡ
ҡż

οӣֺγǰοԼأ
л־ȻתȦл̴˦˦ȥģ
ٶһˮϵ
л־æӦˣ
պˮҲǲˣ嵽ִӹ˽һˮˮܵһֲš
ˮûܵˮԼΪһ˸˸͸͸ġ
ԼȥѣϱͿҪˣѾͷˣˮİϿһۣһͽȥˡ
л־ýȥӵĶǣͷˣͷˣͷ
϶ˮݡ
һƣڴϣɫЩ԰׵ĺߺš
϶ҵģʹʹͷˣ
˵Ǹʮ͵ӣǴĽţҲݻеʱ˵һ䣺ޣ
Ȼ󣬰Ͼͺ˰ࡣ
ⲻۿŶϱҪˣ϶ĽŶû룬ȥסڴ山ߵӸˡ
Ͻ㣬˵̥ôôϰѽʺõȲݹȥС˵
ⶼһһҹˣ˵Ѿǵڶ̥ˣӦ˳ˣϱҵѾͷʱʱҲûõ϶ʱҲûôѾ
ӵһۣ϶ҵʹɲ˯
ԣԣ˯϶ҵģ϶ҵġ
ݾԼǰһƬ˸ţѾ۵ֻгĸоˣЩлҲʹ
źӵĻѾˡ
˺λ˵ţȴѾ˵ʲôˡ
¡
⣬ͻȻһ״¡
˶һҪιȥҲһӣԭʶҲһ±ޱѡ
ѺݿԱߵźһ
ҲѾӦæӦӴͷˣ϶ҵģ
ͷˣ
Ҳһ㶣һɲ
ֹͷˣСһӣҲŰϵŲţȻᣬȴǿļ
ۣ
һӤ쳹ũСԺ

ˣл־ϵ˵
л۵˦ȥԼҲΪڲԼյ۵صĿһȣϱˣ
ʱӴ˳Цͬһʢ¼ȴǸ˲ѣϲֵˣһӣӰ
ûв֪лҿɾͷˣȻҲ֪ġ
棬ģ̫ˣлңлҰлЩ״Ρ
ȻˣһҪˮȥСһʰǾܽȥˣֺǺǵ˵жˣԼҲܶһЩϲǮǣ
󰲣Ͻģȥˮ
ŶŶŶ
л־ܵȥˮȥˣֵˣǸӣ
һˮð˵л־ϻЦݣЦЩɵ
ЦҡҡͷֶˮݣȻø첲ŸϣٴθݺһУǸ˵ġ
лȴѾԺͣϿտͷﲻͣ˵лңлң
л־ҲһĹһԣϵһͷ
һֹ̣лҶһҲñָһ˵Ͼˣ
ֱʱǲŷ֣ոջ꽻ӵѾ磬Ƿ·ϴҹգ徻һ¹ڰգ̧ͷ˲ɵ泩
ֹһϱһİ˳ϴżûмЦݡ
ͷӣǼҵıӣ
ˣӴ
ڵַǳлһûҪл־һ£ˤˡ
»ص￴Ǹڰȼϸʱлݺᡣ
ҵ
ۣ
үүүү
ۣ
ҼڻӦүүԣԣ
лһ־;Լ˫ȴವģǰһƬģ˵ǣģ˭⵽ô£
ҾڳԺóԵģţһţôһףȻ󡭡
ͱˣ
лһ˶ò̫ˣҪ˵ոջЩӦôȷˣıˣһĴӸովͰСֿ
˵
ҵ·ҴãҪһֱ˫вУ
˭ûеӵİ
˵ĻȫǺӵۣ
л˵һ䣬СӻӦһģǼ˲á
⺢̫ˣŸ֪ӦĻ
үүˣģүүû£û¹
ϣѾллһֵСˣವСڲӭ綶ˡ
лһֲ۽ˣлͰ˸Ŀ
Ӻö¶
ǰүүĹ
лһ֣ǲҪһֱСһɣ
ֱʱлһֲܽԼΪһճӤʵ
лһ֣ǰһִҩֲռ竣ǵģ竣ûв֪Ĵģȴû˸ҲĻһҽʦᣬҽ˵ðǾĲ飬ûβõġ
õʱ򣬾Ҽ˸Σûµʱ򣬾͵ҩֲռﵱ׳档
Ϊȥţ׸˰ɣȻһһۣʱ
ǰһжģţһֱڣȷˣǰΪĭˣڳΪһСӤ
һҪ˿˫ȼССӤ
Ӧ


2 
ûãлһ־ͰĽˣǰһжǰ뿪֮еһжȥҲûʲôܹȥģΪСǹ¶Ҳÿ¶ԺȥһԼˡڷǳˣûС˭ҪԼˣҲãһֱھˣ˺Ҳڡ
ǰҲûˣˣ
ȻǴӸոľףһ˶ԼǳҲô
ǰ֮Ǳèģһոճͱ佱Թ ţ趨Ҳ
лͷˣҲͷˡ
ҲﺬỨڿСȼСȸʱûסĵ˵ġ
ͷӵӣ̫ˡ
һжʮ죬ͷӶǰҹﰦ̾˯ǱûһӸģܹôһӣɲǼ
£Сô£ǸǾϣˡ
ӰʰһҲЦųˣһΧСһＤӾȰֵܣҶ죬СһﻹСһ۾ͱȥɣȻˣʪȽأԺеʱ򿴣ǲǣ
ԶԶԣϽѴӱȥɱ𡭡ȣȥҧһԼͷѺ治Ļʻȥˡ
ӻ̫С˵ĻӰ
תСһﱧȥϵҲѾˮ
һˣǶڲٿ˵İˣԺ˭ٸ˵²˵һڿˮǡ
ǸڴӵĴ峤ĹŮҾл־ҲǿˣôֻһŮܹ˴˵İۡ
ŰѺӱȥȻЩƣȴһֱûԼ˯Լᡣ
ϰѺӷŵο˵һȥõ㶫ӣɱӣӵĿɲӰˣ
Ӧǣ˵ǣҲˣˣǱߵĳжõûȥˣ꣬ߣ
ݲûΪŵĻͦġ
СһԼĶӣôģչˡ
ҲûƴǣϴҵһסﻹЩ룬̫ͻȻҲûöһһصģܲţ˵
ģȻͷҾ
ģݲûƴǣ㲻ҪҲӸˡ
ּҵʱǾûзֵʲô
ðɣʵлұҲûжٶһϰߣǵСģûһޣֵĶҲû˵ʲô
ڲһˣԼжˣܻܲôռû
ãȻˡ
δһأһǣʮִԼóʮͭǮһװһɫͷӡ
ЦĽӹˡ
æһһҹģûæЩĸӳԼˡ
ʮͭǮٶˡ
ӣлҲȻȥˡ
ͬʱȥİϣһЩظϱ꺢ӣӦء
һףԷˣͷ
ɲ𣿱˵ЩˣϽŶȥţ϶һڼ϶æ
ˣ
ˣǵĶӵĴŮˣǸʱӵڶǾûйܹ˼ҲҲô
󷿵ϼűһ󱧵ĶҪ æԼô˻ȥﰡҪȥ
һڣ϶ҵĸ˸ͱȥˣڼ￴ˣ
˵꣬žˡ
Ȧվԭ϶˶ˣԺҪôӴ
ǰֻԼҵһӣȻǷּˣǵѺóԵĺúȵĺõĶǱ߷͹Ķת͹ˡ
뵽ӵǸӣŹŸոֹĻ֪Ժĺ£ûˣ
һСӣһֻԺȵɵӣڻƫ˭Ҳ˵һֱҪͷӵˡ
ҪΪҪСӣڶڵʱֵּܷҵģǴĵһҡ
ǣЧŷּҲһ꣬϶ҵľͻˣԼĶӣʧĻݣǲˣ¸Ҫ͵ҵŬٻϲС
󷿵뷨ϲŲЩһӵĶ͵˶Ӽ
ʱлһָճԱݸӴһá
̣˼
ڵģ
˶ģģʲôѵҪ
ֲȱۣôôԼ
ϽʱŵİѶһԣȻſԼϣϱӣ˹ʣ˯ˣ
ûأһŵСһĶ䶼֧ˣ֪ˣЦ˵
ոҪ˯һһιӣֲˣԽԽԽԽˡ
Цž͹ˣҹǴˣǲˣ
ϴ꣬ûˣСӵġ
лһһ̫̫֪һ̡
Сץסָ̫̫ա
һˣʱôգԺҶһˡ
֪СȴǵİϸӼҹﾹȻ֪ˣ
Ҷϲ
ǿɲǣҼҹﵱȻϲˣ
Цˡ
ҲЦˡ
Сһ̫ˡ
лһְ˼̲סĴһǷȻԺ˯ˡ
˯˻ŲţİѴлһֵó°ѣһŲŲó
۾е㷢ɬӶûôġ
ϻΪǶϱ˾˵ҲˣϽ˯һҪֵóԣ˯¾ͽлһ

˯ɣ˯ȣйҾ˯Ҳˣ
ݵͷͷ˵һҲ˯ˡ
ӱرۣڿźܳ˯ܵүү̵˼ƣһӾˡ
⣬л־ѸոݳʣµСꡣ
ϹˣæҪˣϸˡ
ϱˣӵĶ̫󣬲ֹǶϱСҲпܸˣɲС
Ҷӽʲôţո̫ʵˣ
һ㶣ŶȻ˵ޣǶŮޣ֣һֱû
𣡡ǼҵĺӵֶлģôҲʶֵˣȻôֻͨǿԵġ
Уٺ٣л־ЦӦ¡
ڴϰСһл־ĶǼͿģ˯ʱҲһЦ⡣
ڶ죬лһ͹ˣ緹Ҳûüԡ
л־緹кŵһԡ
ʵĲ˱Ӻһܿõ׵Ĳ࣬һҿڻǳԵĺ㡣


3 
ݵķǵС׼ǣĸһȥݳԵҸ
Ůʱ򣬱˵ˣСҲͳһ٣Ϊû̵Եʣ˸֮ͳһ٣Ͷˡ
ѾͷƬӳʲôöֹлң˶ġ
ڲһˣ̣ܳ˯ֶ£ӿ϶úú
극֮лͰ˵ˡ
Ҹ˼֣ĸã
ȼʣ˳֮ⶼʶ֣лͽһϵ˵˳ллһ֡лรлӣлȫ壬ô
л־ͷ˵ǴнСˣ˰ɣ
ϣӣร̫˰ɣҹôܽأ
ǰǺϲֵģйˣЩ֣ôЩ̶䡣
ݣлһ֣лȫ岻ãȽлһˡ
ӣлĲ㵽ݣһֱġ
͸˵ġ
Ǿأлһ֣лһǸ̫أԾֵ֣ɲСٺʹһΪֱѹΪ뷨һر֡
л־֣У𣿡
ϺҲͷǲʶ֣治֪ʲô𣿿Ŷǲӡ
лǳ˳Ǿлһˣ
һЦѼ˶һ
ĸͷһȻԼոջ˯Ķӡ
һЦˣ
лһˡ
æСϵЦģĺһ̯ˮƵġ
ϲͷӣˣлһ֣ҼҹӴ
ããлһ֣лдˣлҲġ
ϲȡ֣
лһҲ̾أ
ǰһ֣Ǹɺϼ
͵͵ˡ
ϴżŵĶʮʱСֶӵЦ
Ѷ֮󣬾ͼСһתŸոյЦͻȻЩĻš
ôСĺôЦó
̫ˣ
Ҳ˵ŶЦҪǸ˵ᱻߦ̸ϳȥҲ˵
ðˣ𣿸ಹӣҲûаæЦ˵ĲȥһԵСһ˵˵Ļ
ҲЦ˵ɩ̫ˣ£ʲô
ǶʮʹӼŵݵЦҲ˲١
ɩƽʱʱٿģġ
ϣʲôԵôССÿ
һ佱ԼˣЦ˵ܳԣ˾Ϳ޼Ȼ˯ˣ
лһ֮ϳ˳飺ҪˣǼҲ޵ĺðɣ
ֵúɤӵģСӤҲͦ׵ġ
棬СһСÿлһֵƤ˳飬ͻȻеš
֪СӸʱ򣬺СƵģСֶӲһ죬ȻСװ׵ģΪʲôе㲻ҿأ
һ룬ΪոЦԭ
ʵϣΪ˹˵Ļˣһ׾ͰСӸˣ
ڣ
ͻȻЩ䡣
ҲɩɫЩ쳣ɩû°ɣ
ôŶӻ򺮲
ҲˣԼĹﳤôãϴϱ̫ʶˡ
ûû£ҵûȥˣʲôæϴӣھȫ䣬رǿСһʱȻЩˣȻؼұȽϺá
˵鷳ɩ
Ҳɫȥչ˰ɣȵʱ¾
УУˣ
˵꣬ʢҲûҪܳ˶ļš
л־ڰѼ񣬻û꣬ҪصʲôأͿɩһ˳ȥ
ɩôˣ켦ûãһܻأϰ׾Ǽ˺ӣһط켦ԢҪõ˼մմϲ
⼦Ÿ꣬ûɫأܻذ׼ɣ
ϰڰڣȥϲʱٸȥӣԽԽȵ̯ôҲˣ
Ȼһֱûе˵Ǵӱӵ飬лӻǹϵġ
ϴӺȴˣҪҲû֨Ҳᱻճ
ǹȥˣڿӵʱǶϱ䲻
ֶСôע⣬ðĲ˳
ۣۣۣ
лһͻȻ֮ͣˡ
İΧ˹ǲǹˣӴǣܺҹô治̸࣬㻻ӣ
лһֵСһƣͰʪ򲼳ߣһɾ򲼡
֮󣬰С°ã۾Ÿ˵ˮлһ֣Ͼֹͣ˿ܿ˿ȻԴһᣬ˯ȥˡ
Ҫǲǣ޷ԼҪ뷨˯һˡ
ðɣûס򵽰ȥˣû취 С̲ס
ʱл־ļǰҳһҺӡ
ͻ·֪ӸһӣҪõ˾ˣһǵľϲˡ
ǰô˵˼˶ˣȻҪŵġ
˻֪ġ
л־ڼкһͿһȾõĺ켦ˡ
·л־ƽңڼӸ˻ȥȻʮȾ˵ļ
ЦŽӹûдҲ͵ʮȥˡ
ܣҪȥ֦ѼȥϲȥȾõһƳϣͲ²Ӧˡ
л־ųӾǰߣŴɩʻ˵ǰŸյÿգ
˵ųˡ
ݵҾڸڴӣȻԶҲȥ̫ˣĸƢһԼϱˣһøųȥ
ĸʹˣۿžҪʮˣȻڴ壬Ҫ߹Ҳ۵ĲУÿʱ򣬶ԼľӰȻȥʱԼͻȥ
Ǵϲ£ĸҪĻ϶Լˡ
ûϵģ磬ݵϾͱл־ˡ
ͬʱĻͣҲݵĵ⻹һƳļСӵĶСС·һЩСӵñӣһģЩǺϵա
𿴺ôˣȴǷǳõġ
֦·кö඼ǳԺϵġ
ЩɫɫͻɫӶ࣬ʵǺϵĹŮŮɫСŮССӶá
ãŮ˸ӣȻô֣ϲ
ӴӴѿӴҵıӴֵļۡ
ΪԼĹŮһȻ֦ŮҲϣŮиӣÿ˵ŮҪʱر˺˵죬ܶЩ˵ˡ


4 
лһֳԱˣĴ۾תţʵҲ
ȻȸճʱҪõˣȻЩģģ˶Ӱġ
ӰøС
ⲻһСͷס˺ϵˣرĲɿǰѺϸĲС
ϣӣ㿴ľ󰡣ҵĲɿඣ
ЦŸһˮ˵ɲҹɶˣ˵ɶأ
һ뵽ճ飬Ͽͽ˲á
ϣҲ˭ҵĺӣǲǰ
Ǿǣ̫̫˵˵š
ͺлݳԵķźСԵķŹŮȻеʱһȦϳҲ˼֡
ͷˣĿˣԶ㡣
ҲǳԳģԶϹĵϸ
ϳԱ֮ʵ¾ƻ𣿲ĻǾʱٹ
ϵ죡ôܲ죿׼Ҳ˵˵ǰòǲżͷһ㿴أ
Сĵ׼ңȻ˵ˣҶ죬ϴҵ𣿡
ϴҵͦĵģԼҹŮСܵǣ
ӵĻǰҲŮģǿһֱء
źϽһ㣬ͬС˵ˣҴϱˣⲻϴҵĹ׼ң˾ûµʱӦáͲӰ˰ɣ
ô˵лл˶ǴӼҵĺӣҪһֱĻԺ˵Ļ
οҲ˵ˣǰ˾С
ⲻϲǲ٣ˣ˴ϱýȥһۣҲûýȥ
ŴϱʱӣϻЩĶϱ
Ҳֲˣ׼ô˵ˣҲ֪ԼĵǶˡ
Ҳǣл϶һܵӰ졣
Ӷ˵ˣͲõˣҿɲЩǿɵöסˣҪҰѹŮӵסҰԺӸǵԲȥӰǣ
ͦõģŶסݵģûбҲ˵
ǰ˵Ϊһֱܽţлһָճʱ򣬱ȥһ֮⣬һֱ칫ûٿһۡ
Ͼ͵ǾУ׼ңǶΪ˺ӺãԲ
Ȼ׼ңҲñ˴϶
ǿǣԺ󻹵뺢˾˶Яа
û˵ǼҵĺӣֻҪϲܹõģǵ˾˵ľԲƴǣ
ͨǵ̸лһ֪ˣѼﻹ˾ˣ˾ڼֵأ˾ţүǴĴ峤ҾڵļҿҪöˡ
Ҳѹ˵ʱעˡ
˵ҲǷǳģϲܰ£һŵľ˾Ҳܱ֤ʲô
ҲȻð̵ļĲУǸС˾Ƿǳ˾صˡ
ԺúúõļС
ϣѺүûޣﻹһ̯¶Ҫ죬¾ƾͶ³ţʱһ˻
Ȼд˾ڣл־ȻǸһֱͻؼңֻġ
֦Сȥϰæչ˺ȥˣľֻд˸磬Ҹ㣬¾ƵʱǶл־һЦ˵ͬʱһĶһƿӡ
˵϶СҪˣչ˲ЩӣȻ˵˻϶ģõʲô
Ҹķۣ˵ӸˮȣϷۣǴɽϲģ
ˣ˰ɣ¾ƵûǮأȻǷ˼ңǰֻԼһʱûжӵĿˣеǮ˶˴󷿼ҵˣŵԺôҲչһǶ
ȻǸϻ۵ģôҲкӲǣ
Լ˶ˣԺȻµˣǮҲһӾץġ
ʱҶӣǰ¾Ƶģˣ
ôࣿɩû˵лڴɩĿɶǴ󷿵ˡ
л־˵ɩ֪˵ǸõģûϵǾ£Ժָ״ԪٺúТǵģҲú׬Ǯϵģ
ˣҲϣָܿţСĶãһӶӣһҪһϣĿݵĶ˵
л־ҲһЦ˵ǶӲֹҪţҪˣ
ԣ
һۣӵӸˡ
лһ֣ǶһҲСѹ̫˵ǵĵͯ꣬лл
뷨һֱ¾Ƶʱлһֲ֪ʲôУƷΩжߣ
תۣһ¹ȥˡ
һлһܿԼΧˡ
ҲϤүү̺͵ǸԼĽ֦۾Ҳûм
Ĵǰϲ˸ûмˣ¶һ뿪ˣȻԼ̷ǳǿƣ˭ǲ׼ݡ
ǸʱҲһûýݵš
һĸѾܹҵлһֵϰˡ
ǳԱˣ
һҪˣˣһֱ޸ͣ˾ǳԳˣ
أ
Ȼ˰ɣָ̫ˣ
һ³ţҲлһֵ¾Ƶӡ
һ磬л־æˡ
ʹһСˣݣŮ˵ˣĸ綼ˡ
Ϊһֱ˵лһֿһûע⣬һûסˣڴĿ֮󣬱˵ĸˡ
Сһ⣬СһƾͰ򲼸ˣͬʱ˺ϵ˵
أָôСأǼ˸˻ذɣ
ڿɲСˣѾˣ˲˵
ԼѾǴˣСӵ˵£û˼
СշѣһСӲˣϾЦ˵֪ˣ˸ѾǴˣԺﲻ˵ˣ
ϼҲЦĲС
Ц˵ɩӣ˸ǿ˰ɣ
ǰȥ꿪ɣСûһͦùģˣ
̣ô˵ҵ°ֱҺϸ״
ֺǺǵ˵˵ˣ˵СܣԺҪСܺãСܳ˾ͺһȥ飬һȥţ֪
һ⻰Сһ˵û⣬ϣСܣԺҪǲҲģˣǵţҵʹˣ
ԣǵ˾ˣܴˣһԵ»˵
ˣ㵱ô˵˵ŵͲ°
ҲСһСû˼ƽϣҪˣһٰٲ˵ġ


5 
˵СԴ˵ǣ˵˱ŻҪ
»С˵ǣֻǣСܻôСʲôʱų󰡣ǰ
ܿͳˣȳȥȥɣ˵
ȥඣͲˣСܣ㳤ٺ
Ȼ»һܳȥˡ
лһ֣СЩ
С磬һ磬ǾǴ˾˼ҵѾʮȫȥͯлһֵ¾ƾû
ͬʱ߶ҲûС˾ˡ
ҵţȻǿ˴βſϵģǲӰΪŵӰ
һĴ峤ʹ϶ˣΪŹϡ
Ȼûŵĵʹ˰ҲӰ졣
ЩȻǲܿǴģ֮ǰϲģϲƵʱҲִһ
ͬ͵һӣҲöӲǡ
ȽһңлһҾԵ˶ˡ
лߣֻлһкӣһȫ
ٿǱߣСӾ͸˵ûž˾˺ʹˡ
ʹʱҲûСлȥ
л϶Ķһ֮ģ
Ŀã
껭ﻭͯƵģ
Ǵﻹûô׾ĺӣ
ض¶ЦĿɴˣ
۾СƵģתţĿˣ
Ǳŵģ
˵ʲôأǱˣ

лһֵ¾֮˵Ļ⣬Ǻйصġ
ĺǺܶ࣬µʱܳôÿĺӣлһǵһ
ҲΪڳʱ򣬱ϸص̫ʵǣͲһ;óıСƤӳĺãҲܲϣлһһȷʵĺá
װֵģ
лһɣģ̫ܳԣֲĽġ
Ժ󣬵ԼжʱһҪڼӶɲܳΪСӣ
Ҳһ뷨
Слһ֣¿ʼˣһֱӳˣȥӤʡ
ڣСӣѾлһְһˡ
л֦¾֮ҲܿԼܵˡ
ְֵĺһͷĵܵʱ֦ССָ˴ܵܵСȻҲ̲סˣһߴһߺ˵
ҵֺܵͦӴݻ˵ҵܵСӣҿűҵÿˣ
ǣܵܵȻĺˣԵĺ˯ĺãɲС𣿡
أСлһЩ
ӣȫҶӣ
ðɣԼҲģƽˣ
СҪҧңΪܵں֣л֦Цĺܻʵ
Ӵ˵˵ΪëһֱӴ۵֪
һҲԱʰݵע⡣
л֦仹ûͣԼָܵܵͷܵܵĶֺǺǵĴء
æֹܴܵܵˮģ֪ܵܽлһ֣Խһ֣ҲԽеܵܣôܽСأ
л֦ŰСָ˻ȥֻǿԲĹĵСҪֻǱݵֹˡ
Ŷ˽ָģܽ𣿡л֦ʵ
˵˾͵ýָˣСʱҪܶܵܣԺ󻹻أ
л֦СԴʹĵţ˵ĶԣǰǶ۸ңڶˣ˵еܵˣҪ۸ҵĻҾҵܵȥǣ
ݺСŮ˵ô˵ܻ̫ܵСȳᣡ
ΪҪСŮҪΪƵģû뵽ǰֱ֮Ťˡ
һԵİлһ죺ӴһһҲСǲҲ̫ˣҪһֱ˭۸Ļüǣüأ
ˣһǼݰɣ
࣡
ҹлڰ
ݺл־һԿյĺ
ļĿԼȫСӵĶӵС׺ӵ档
ǴĶ࣬ɩһĶ¾Ƶʱ͵ģЩǰĴСϱۺĲС
иŹȻû˼ҵˡ
вټйŮĶϣиӣҪǼ޹ȥǿɲǳĺ
ϧҵӶɼˡ
ϱ֦Ѹ͵Ķ̫ˣԺ󲻺ûذס桢ӵĶں˵ĵڶ˺öָ࣬˲٣л־Щˡ
ЩɵûǮõģؼлûа
ݲ˵ҵﲻЩҸС綼ңɩҲǶˣ°ɣԺٶ໹һЩ
ҪһֱһͲỹĻˣֻ⻰û˵ڣԼ˵ġ
ҪһЩл־СĿʵû˵ǣɩߵʱ˺ü۷ŶĽ䡣
УҵָģʱȻǣȥլһ𣿲ܣ
Ƕô࣬ǡҲԲ˰л־Сˡ
ݵ۾һ᣺л϶⻰˭˵ģԿ̲˵ʱô˵ǳԲأɩ˵ģҲҪиȣǰǼûָҪȥӼûָôСˣǱ͵㶫ԣֱ˵Ҵźӻȥ
ͲһˣһҪǿˣҲ⼸һֱû˺ӣŲƽЩ˶ˣļҲֱ
˵ţݵ͵
ίǳί
ôΪûжܵİۻ
ΪжˣڿԴ˵ˣû뵽Լ˾Ȼûиı뷨ݵر𲻺ܡ
ңҲǸ˼𣬱ˣָٰˣǸ֦ȥ˯ȥҺ˵˵
Ŷˣһῴŵöȥģ˵꣬л֦ȥ˸ڣʵҲĵطòһ䡣
л֦ʱ˯ǼˣȻС㣬ҲܹǸŮһСˡ
ߣݻίĵᣬл־СĺţһûˣŵҲûˣһ쳣֨֨仹Ŵִ
лһ֣ҪԼģˣůһɡ
ŵǲصģһůлһ־ůһϡ
ʵŵ̫˯ߣֲСӣǶԱߣ˯˯Ѽ䣬˯˯žͼůš
ڶϣӵʱֱӾըˡ
϶ҵģӸҹ
ôϴ򲼵ݺ͸ˮµصл־Ŵˡ
ʹӶ֮󣬲ܹη꣬ÿ춼ţͷס£Ժÿ϶ȥڶ˷͹ǲûоﲻԡ


6 
ϵӾæˡ
ϰѸողŸǺõİһƿлһֵС˵Ӿûп
л־ӿ˹ȥȻһۣӵСϸȺСأûʲô쳣
ι̣Ҳջ򲼣Ҳûпޣȫ֪ΪʲôͻȻ䲻ˡ
ӵĲ֪Ȼϸˡ
ָСӵСȴӵ
ֻŸʲôԵģҹСƨƨôûпۿŻʲôã
ֱʱݺл־ſ
ɲ
ڶӵСƨƨϣһƬĺһֱ쵽ȵλãҪİѶӵСƣҲ
ô죿ûпһӾͻˣҲ
л־Ҳǽ޴Ŀţ;ýŵĲС
һл־ļϣϽȥ￴ʲôӴⶼ޵ĵˣôһҲûӴﰡӴĵ
лһƨŤŤе㲻ܳܣֻǱȣ¶žͲ̫˰ɣ
Ҳƺ֪С飬ϾͰɿְСϣֻβûаر
һԿ޵ĺһƵģûз֡
ϷĲУˣʲôޣʲôȥˣµأͿŹﻹãԺϸĵ㣬ȴ˿ˣĻȥ
Ŷݱ߱߿޻߻ͷԼҶӡ
ܾöҪԭ򣬾Ȼûз֡
ܿͱˣǴģƽʱʱиͷȵģ
лһֵĺʱϴź˵ʪأû󰭣ҪǵĵĻͲҪѰ̫ˣӣʪţͺˣСõĿ죬СһﻢͷԵģû£
ǰûúÿл־ǳİôһӣչţôܱʪأ
ϴ˵Ǿ̫ˣ΢һ˾ͻϰ˾У
лˣ
˴򣬰Ͼʵô£
л־ŵľͰû֨˵ˣߵͨ졣
ҲǴʱģһ֪ӺϱֻԼãѶӸһûиӲŸŵġ
һ۶˵ϺӸ˯ôھôڣ
ˣһúÿָͨ˵ҪöӸ˯ɲá
л־ҲһԱ֤ҲСΪֵ̫˵ɣٱȥ˯ʱҲѧųԷˣǣҲЪͣ
Σл־ûپܾ
ӴҪģĺӶģǻᣬӻеӾûһȷʵһʱûסԺŰæţҲһЩֻ򲻿ٵŶӵˣߵĲС
лһֵûж룬ʪѣԼСƨƨͺˣûпôء
ȴΪ쿪ʼӵĵһ£ǰӵȫ¶һ顣
ϰߣһֱ¡
лһϵ·ҲԽԽࡣ
͵СӶѾϺ·ˣлһҲȻǣֻŵǿɿ㡣
ȻܹԼü򵥵Ļ˵ȻסСӵʵôСһﴩɿʡ¶
лһȻϲҲѲˣֻܱ۴ˡ
ָԷôʡ°лլڱлһιСా͡
һСһСڵĳţһҲ˷ѵģûռӷСƴĿ޺
ӵСһǵϲЩĿ 
ιһС˵ǿɲָǶµĺܣ˳ǱҶాһЩιι
̣ԣлָ˵
԰ɣϴҵȥøιιˣʲôʱ˻ι緹ʹлһֹͱһ֮;ţÿߵʱ򶼻˳żһóԵĴߣεֱӰ˸ˡ
лҲԼĴø磬лһֻǵһôĿ
ûµʱøǲܽԼݵģҲֻ˵ûмΣǵһĽӽ⵽
СһԼʱ̫һ俴ʱ൱Ϭ
ܿ죬лһ־֪ø˼ˡ
ڴȥӴҪιʱλø磬ֱȥץ
ץץɣץιԼ룬ӣлһֶʱθȫޡ
ָٳ԰˲أлһֵθڲ󣬲Ը׻ûġ
ֻǣĳʳøץˣٿøǺںָͷŵţлһֲŻ
Ҩһιлһֵߣлһ˵ʲôҲԣιĶ㲻ˣֻôͦ
ҲأǰιĺúõģôͻȻ䲻ˣ
ʱлֶˡ
ոץĳˣлһСץһѣȻַŵԡ
һ׵ݵߡ
£лһҲܲˡ
ŻոճԵҲȫŻ˳
ϸϽӷ£лһֵΧ⿪ӵһԣԷʱΪ˱·ŪΧϵģȻŻˣҲûմ·ϡ
л˼æСˣոץĶ˹ȥˡ
ٿʱ򣬾ͼӵմĶ
ϴҵģøӻø𣿸Ͻιιˣ
ˣⲻȥ𣿰ӴӴôֱˣ⡭СôˣÿԱŵŻ˵Χʵ
ϵһۣι˳ţָôأ
ϺɤӣڲˣæιԼҶӡ
ӳԵǸոлһֳԹʱЩˣ˰ôܵʣµģ಻ɾǳ룡
ôһ˵лһֵǰָ˴øǸںڵСצӣôһֲ
ŻŻˡ
°Ҳ˲Ծˡ
òСӲ˲ȻԼĴӱ벻ͣÿųԣüͷ
ȷʵÿЩθ
ٿСӣŲСµСһҲܷθ
лһֻһСУ̽Ҫιлһֱͦ˵ˡ
ֱϻһӣְѷһԵùιŰڰϵĻԣֻҪһлǱ߹䣬лһϾͿʼͦ
ϣ
ӣ
ķ֣ðĲֻдϱһԣ˵ʲô
ιףͣˡ
ոճԵĶ³ˣȻΪʹйϵҲСˡ
л־ʱ򣬾ȥ˴˵Сˡ
ϴƤӽĵģҲûвﲻԾ
ްпֻܾǲԶˣ
Ҫӣ
СһֻˣôСһ㣬ʲôӣעŵ㣡
ڼİȴһ¶ֻǻȷѡ


7 
л־ŷĵıŶߡ

ڰɣ
ʹڴɲסˣϱÿţ¿޳ڣԼҶӷǳɣҲż֨޵ʱĲࡣ
үһлͰ϶Ǽҵء
˵Ļ֪ûдˣһȥ
ͷӣ˵ָôأû˸ոյĵģֻʣһĲ⡣
л㲻˵ָǿ˳ļӷ˲û£СʳҲ
Ҳǣôĺӡ
ȻסлЩŵ˵ͷӣǼָŲհ
µСܻʲôʳӴ
лЩɵۣǲûȥĵǸԺٺúÿɣǼӡǸȽⷽݣ
ϣݣʲôݣʳ
ﵹǷˣֻûϱȥҲΪǷּˣǸŴͷ˹ģ˵ЩҲǴͷġ
Ҫ˵ĻȥǱҲ˵ʲôؼŻ˼ڣпΪӵԭ
Խ룬Ͼ;Խԡ
ڶ죬Ϻл־µظɻȥˣлһֱϱլ
һլˮһԣǰҲУһ롣
һл˱ϸ˽ 
ͻˣտһ£ʵ̫ˣÿ춼ᵽӸɽȥһЩҰ˻ԡ
ϻҪϽСأİڰڣ֪ˣϽȥɣ
ϿӾͳȥˣߵʱ򻹶࿴һŻлһ֣СӳԽԽʵˣűҲˣǰһ˵ˣž˵ƫ۵ӡ
ôһ룬ϾһۣҪԼȥˣӱŸô죿
תתԺһĹϣһȣǳŵġ
ϼϱˣͰлһַŵһԵĿϣȻԣһˮӡ
˰ˮȹ𲻣
лһǣŴһڣ𣡻Ҫ
ȣǱ߻һأл˵Դ˵
лҲιˣ뱧๾ľͿʼˮ
ǵģǹࡣ
лһ⶯浣ԼλøԼǺˡ
Ҳһ˵ţ㣬ǿˣܵܺȵòã
лûκͣٵļ 
һлһ־ͼһСߣָȵˮȵĶ𣡡
ԼԽԽӣлһֵĶֻһʹҡͷԴ
ҪҶȵˮ
лһ֣ǲȣҡͷģܾ˼Ӵô򵥵ĶҲ
ϵȻֻܿǣԼҴǸ˼
̣ǣľѾһˮ˵л˵
ȻԴϲ̫ʹǼ򵥵Ļܱĳֵġ
˵ָٲȾͶøŶ
лһ֣ҡͷӦ
ϣ
̣ǣȣл˼Լ˼
ֻó˵֪ˣȰɣ㣡
Ȱ˵꣬лֱŵڶ뿪ʼ˹˵ĺ
ϰˮҲл˵Ȼȥһ
̸ָһ뵹˰ˮȵˮģ
ΣлһûŤͷСŵݹӡ
ţû£ˮá
źСףлһ־ŤԴˡ
л˰ѵڶҲ֮󣬻Ҫٺȵʱ򣬰ûٸȣ˰ٺˣҪ˺óԵģɳԲˣ͵ܵòã
лԴһȥˡ
ں͵ܵĻֱӸˡ
лһּϵС޲Ҳ˲Сϵˮգϵı൱ġһѾ
£ȷˣСĶĻһ൱ԼĴӡ
ǡ
̫ܰҲ̫˵㡣
֨
˭
⣬һľ˰ϵ뷨
ȣңҡøӵģվߵſڣͼϱڻŻŵĴԼŴȥ
Ժű֮󣬰εҡҡͷ
ϱʲôãСܲˣĶӱƵġ
ȻԹϲʹҲôлҵӣôҲ¶ɣ
νˣСӣ֪ˡ
һֱܳȥԶ˳˳Լܶ
ҲЩڣ֪ŶԶôãͲȥ͵ģһСľͲȵԱŵĲ̣ҺתĿ죬ϽܵԼװŸոմӡ
֪С˼ͱϼˡ
ϲֲˣǶԴϱС˼ȴһҲϲ
ȻǷּˣͷҲûôͼôģһС
ǣҲûа취Ǳ˵ġ
磬лл־ƽɻ극֮һӶҪ˯һġ
л˱ϱȥˡ
ֻлһֺлڡ
ϾͰϵ˵һ飬лҲڶСֺǺǵġ
˵ʲô뻰СʲôҲָ̫С˵ЩеûģСӵĸǲǰָүүָָ״Ԫأ
ԭﻹп״ԪİĲ˵Լ˶ʮѧľټҩֲռ䣬״ԪƵİ
ֻǣ⻰лڵĶͳˣ
֮һ£лȷӦ˵Сֶүү˼𣿡
лһֵͷСԴȻĶˣ״Ԫ𣬶¶

лҲЦүү͵ˣ
ҲһЦ⣺ү˽˵ģ˵ͦ֡
ǿɲָ¶˽ˣ϶ҵĶǮҲţԺָȥѧãǼҲ˹ҫ鹵ʱˣлС˵Сӵ׽ˡ
ϱЦϣһӾЦˣͷӣѧãǿϲãһҪöǮģ׼ҵӶðΪǸŹģ
ǵǮˣЩСӿǰĽͶˡ
Ҷôˣ˵ǼССˣڰţСҪѧÿ״ԪҲǲ׵ġ
лһۣ㶮ʲô
϶˶죬һأһӺ簡˵ϴҲͬģ
϶ǲȥѧõģϱۺ͸ƵͬŹ֡
û׼ڵӹĶظõʦүָС˾˶úԺģкüأϴҵģùǣԼУ˵״ԪֻһţлԺ˭Сƣ
ôһǳе


8 
㡭
ˣϣҺ϶ҵ˵ԺٳԵ㣬ǮʡָѧҾͲˣлڴһֱˣлҲһŵڣСôҲǲܲˡ
ϿͷӵɣôҲŶӣ
лڰڣǱԺٹܣ
֪ˣָҪһУүү̿״Ԫ
һôСѹɽ󰡣
Слһ֣ڶЦСӶ¶ôүүĻ
лһ֣ոշʲôûдӦĺòãˡ
ϣлȥʱ˳Ӷӵл־˶ҡ
һĲ࣬ʮ˱һˣæӭ˳𣬸ոõģһԣ
ǳԣҿָһ˵¶лӹС˵
һ԰ɣ˺ö࣡л־˵
ȥӵʱϵҲմӵլĴɩҲû꣬ʱԷ
ҲУлûٿлһϴһ¾
Ӳ˱ǴﾭԵġ
ҶǹĽͰ͵ģӣֵֵҲ
ϻʣ˸ǲͰǸҲ˳ҪԼˣл־һѽӹݵԼϱɵ¡
ݵһۣɵָʲô
ȴ̵ģ˶ãҲܳŵôĶ
лֻûпԱʵͽСĴһң϶Ӵǲˡ
˳Էܿ죬һͳˣݳԹ֮ͽʰӣָˮϡ
лŰԼε˵һ£Ӷˡ
˵Сȥѧ⣬Ҳ̫С˰ɣ
ľл־ˡ
һֱϣܳүӴҵл˳ʱô˵ֻǺҵĺǸˣ¾ûˡ
ôҲû뵽ԼҵСӻһأˣ
лûָܴҶǮȥɣѧ꣬һʮ֮ܿŲ⣡
лһһ㵸ĽеүүôôûãҪôòܿţǰҲǶʮľأ
лʱˣɣҴֻҪһ˵ѧãָرĸˣǲǰ
лһ֣үܲܺúõĹͨͨ͵Щ尡
лɣ˵ģǰɣã
лһ֣ڵֻ뾲ΪǰĴʵ̫ˡ
л־Ҳһľ棺İˣ
ǿɲúǮʱȥѧã˾ͲҪˣӻ̫С˵˻©лֵ۾гһˡ
ģڻǮʲôģǾͻɣʵڲоȥ裬ֻҪܿŻ
ֱл뿪ˣл־ӻһĶԼҶӿء
˵ǼҶҪȥС˾˼ȥСѧԺ϶ܿţ˵
лһһ˶ˣһ̫Сˣô͹ȥɣ
ݿôĻشЦɣҶӸȥС˾أ
лͷϾͳˣǾôһӣСҲиӣ⡭̫ðɣ
ôСȻСɩƽʱӲǴչһôСĺӣǿɲһʱܿ˵ġ
һҲǡ
᲻ðѶȥСҪǸȥչ˵ĻҲʣϾӻ̫Сˡ
˵ˣӦҲͬ⡣
ڼﲻ͵Ҳʶ֣ССʱ͸үүʶˣر˳
ҲУСڼɣɵʱ˵ʵڲУʱȥ
лһֹԹԵһԵ۾
ֻܵȵˣ
лһֹµʱС˾ûһ߾һ࣬ٻʱҲûҪлһ͹ȥĻˣΪС˾һֱΪΪŬ
ˣһҲûС
лһȴյǰ飺١ǧ
һ꿪ʼлһֵǰͷһ飬־Ҳлһֵˡ
ǷŻƤˣлһȻÿ춼ֿһ飬ȥѼҵʱС˾˽һ飬ȻһֱԼˣһ꣬СӣǼȴ൱ǿһ־꣬
лһֻΪԼٿ꣬û뵽龹Ȼ˱ʡ
Σлһڼʶ˵ˣʱġ
죬ѩ࣬ѩһͲƽ·ϸֱӣʱºӴȴġ
ΪģΪлҵıлһ֡ʧˡ
ũҵĺӶģѩ仯ѩ䣬ԽѩСһԽϲһ
лһȻʶҲϲһֱڼ
һСڼſɨѩģȻǴҪƾˣһҪİĲС
꿪ʼлһ־ʶԺԺĻˡ
ֻǣû뵽εĻȴĵһΣ
һǺ«ĸˣ
Ǻ«ǸǺ«ϺҪˮȣҲżˮȣлһֲûеһ¶Ϻһ£ŤͷСȾҪϺһˮ
ǲŸһתһıϣȻлһ־ˣ
лһ֮ĵһ뷨ǣǰľȻ˰ܣҲһ˰ɣ
ȷе˵˹ӡ
ӴСˣҪԹҾ͸óԵģҪǸҿޣҾʹ㣬֪˵֮ǰǺ«Ϻ
ֻǴʱϺǺҲ֮ǰôư
лһֿ˿ϰŵһռмձСԴ˵㡣
Ҫ뿪ҲóԱУҲ֪ܲܳȥɣܲһؼһ˵ҪǰԼˣлһ־òֵá
˼ôຢӣҲһ£ҸɰɲܽкҪһ ͺһ֪
лһֵ˵Դ˳Ϻָķ򣬿һʮĺſڵϣ϶ѪС廹һһģӦǻûϣԳס 
Ϻ¾ͰлһϵӸɿˡ
ϺԱ߻һˣлһܵǰʼԶЩõ˵ƨɿô죿ʦλǿСˣ
ϺĵУ㶮ʲôΪλˣҪСĺúõģôûû˵ǻܶҪҲ˵أٺ٣
ƨ˵ЦһЦ¶һڵĴ
лһЩθŬѹָоװԶ
˼лһûûҲûҪܵĴ㣬û˵۾ȴǲͣɨΧ


9 
лһҲڹ۲ţƨһĻиˣֱſںʹӴھǲԶһӣʮСһĶСĳţżкӺǱڴӴһƾ͸ȵˣʣµҲ֨ˡ
ȻıȽԶһŨصѪȴлһ֪Щ˶ʲôˣЩӶôصġ
ȽЩĺӣлһСģҲģûп޺һʳܰϣЩ˵Ǻܻġ
Ա𣿡ƨװǳӶлһ˵
лһҡҡͷһȻǿıĿ޵Ķ˵СǾûԱ
֪Ϻ˵ͱлһֵĸ첲ǸߣСǶİɣô໹ԲҪǿʦүķϣԸƨʻûԱأȥ 
žણ
Ӵ򿪣лһֱ˽ȥ
ȻƽʱҲʶĶˣһôܺһ׳˱Բģлһ־;ſĵˡ
лһ֣ϧ򲻹
ܴˣһҪ˳ɡ
ֱˡ
лһֵĸ첲һһ룬ͱ˸ˡ
û°ɣһɳƵЩεʵ
лһ˳˵ϣȻҡҡͷû£㡭Ҫ𣿡
лһϳˣǸո汻Ѫˣڽ˿ȻıȽһѪҲҺлһֵĵӱȽϴҪֻһѪܰſඡ
СӰԼһֱԼıһ¾֪ˡ
ȻȻʹĵ˵ͷ
лһ̾Ϣһҵķϣ͸ˣԺ㲻ٸҪԵ֪𣿡
ϵͷ
лһ־Ͱһûüҧı꣬ӹھͰձˡ
ںĺӣҲûпЩҲûиҹġ
ҽҶԺֵˣ㣡ҶлһӵĽȥ
Ҫ𣿡лһǳ˳飬滹ָƨˣȻƣҲǶԭ򣬲ûĺӡ
ܿлһ־֪ΪʲôҶ֮ǰôˬĴӦԼԼҪԵԭˡ
ΪһЩֻһձԣҲԲ
һõձеĺǶԵĺܿ죬ҶûһôһձҲѹЩһûоͷˡ
ЩŵˣĺӣЦһøϽŪȥ˷ʳ
ƨһ⻰͵˵Ĳʦү˵ģֻǣڻûлţһȥӲǮ
֪
֪ʦүû𣿡
ʲô⣬˭Ҷ˵һ֣Ҿ˺˭죬ţԣƨЦǺǵĿĺӣЩһĶӣһǱŵĲᡣ
лһֿҶ
Ҷ촽ûԱ
ȻոСֵܻûпʼԣ治˵ġ
лһֿԼҶС˵֮ǰиһֱܣ˺ˣ
˺
ҶɫЩ׵ļ˵ͷŴϣ˵ͳȥַ׬Ǯȥˣ
лһ־úЩǡˣ
ҶͷǵģܺҪҲô
лһֵСҲѿࡣ
ΪЩӻкģǰͨĺӴзϵˣĵöݰ
ЩɵģлһֵȴҲûǵˣ˱ҪܵϳͲС
࣬࣡
ҶлһǽǣĺǵĶӶߴţ
Сӳң˵ôʮˣûһӸ˵ġ
лһִ˴Ҷ
ҶҲŶӣӳˣǶԼ˵ҪСֵܣǸһʵ˭ó˼ҵأ
лһֵĶС˵һ仰
Ҷ۾ˢľˣȻʹĵͷرС״
ӣлһļ򣺡𼤶㣡
Ҷ켤ĿˣҪҹһгģҲǼ嶼ȴҲСһ䣺ôӰϺͽ϶ӣģЩһɶõҲľ룬ҪŪСӸжˣ
ƨЩ˶ǹߣȻ󣬸ʱÿ˻лһˮ붼ľưҪŪӣҧĿ졣
ֻǣżῴߣЩǶҪʵƵˣûиҵġ
һǲ׼УûлشҶ⣬ʱȻ֪ˡ
ңҶȻûˡ
ЩҲǿˣһ뿪ȻǺõģЩӼ·һȦǵϸһֽϣĹʡ
һлһ־Ŷӽе¶ɹġ
ڶ磬ÿֵһǵӱɣǳԹˣٽںˡ
лһֳԵرƨЩ˿Ҳûдߴ٣СһҲСԵлһһĥ
лһֵӸְ֮Ÿˡ
лһֿһЩӣվ˹ȥЩǰͣһȻֵҶһˡ
翪ʼкӲͣİţʱʱСƨҲûдҪ˵Ĵ㣬ڶĿʵģë߹ϵ
ʮӵĶ󣬿ȴûͣµӣһһģһֱϣҲˣ⶯С
ƨҲܹЩһͣһĶſеɿˡ
ûпĵطҶ۾ԽԽ
Ϊϵӣɿˡ
˵Ǳˣ
лһİҶӸϣȻֵ˺Ǽ䣬Ǵһ״ſٵĸӡ
Ƿҩֲռ֦ģû뵽ŴôȻһã
ʱͲлһֶһĶı죬ֻǺҶһļȫûд󺰳
ҹԽԽ
濴ŵƨڽص
ĺȴûһ˯ģܸҲţǵİ濴ǵĹӸˡ
лһ۾ȴǲûô
ˣʮӣûãؼ̫
ôҶСʵ
ϸҶǳɳƣǼġ
뿪ƵطˣҪǿСһﵭӣʹЩСܳȥˡ
֮ǰ˵ҪģҲֻĵĵˡ
лһ⿴˿ֿˢˢĶĺǣ̾һ˵ȥ֮ĴܣǧҪͷʹܣ
ҶͷʹҲǲܵģĴܵĻ᲻ᱻץ
лһЩĿҶǺĿ
лһ֣


10 
ǳлһֻҪһܵĻ϶ᱻץģǴٶȱǿ죬ֿܳȥܻһЩ
е֪֪ˣֿܵĿһ㣡ҶһˣлһĴָСͦܵ
Ȼ˫ں棬ȥͺǴ뷨ȥˡ
װǱűϰˣһʱԼϵѾˡ
ҶȥС˵ˣлһҲûš
ܣҪϵ򿪲УҪǰŵܵҲǰ״ȥ
лһŴļ˯ĺܳ쳶˳
е
ת֮лһֵСϴһЦģ

Ҳ
㳢ſأˡ
ƨѹû뵽ձСһﾹȻܴôСܣƽʱҲŵģֻǽ䣬鷳żͲˡ
ɣû
ҪлһֲĻû˸Ҵܵ⣬ʰӵһĻʵ̫ˣ˵ЩƵûĺˡ
ջأлһŲԼλá
ڣֻҪȴ
ҹ䣬úǲͣĴŶ¡
̵̣ĺ࣬Ȼ̡
ΪʱһһŲ
ǵģŲ
˳ǽŲ
ǺҹûйߣǰЬˣŽڣͲˡ
ǽһҪǿţĺҲóԲůĺǴˡ
ʹȴûһ˷ġ
ڲǰ£ûа˸ѡ
Ҷǰ棬ȽϤСлһ֡
ȵС㶼ŲЩʹҲ˼а
ֻǣ˭ҲûпӵѾлһˡ
˾ͷˣҪõô죿ؼǵʴŪģ̫ûش𰡡
ʱܺӵҲܶ࣬ȻԼһ
ĵؼŲţлһֵҲЩֻҪžͰȫˡ
ʱͻȻиѾſڵĺ˻
Ǹܵĺܿ죬лһʱѾԱˣ
ʲôлһСʡ
ҪܡȥóԵ!ǲ˵ģһС㣬ܻĺӽһȥ
ҩ谡
лһֵԺһǰ˼˵:Ҷ˿ܣܶܶ죬ܰ
ǰҶһ£ȻͶŻŲĺӷ:Ŷܣ
һֳڣѾˡ
ֻǣһġ
ΧܰҶҲˣЩûа֮ǰ˵Ķ෽ܣҪһ¡
лһһ:ɣ
Ҷ:ܡҲ𣿡
ˣܣҶϺ󣡡лһְ˵ߣ̫ᣬϣ΢ôɡ
ʲôҶЩʡ
ڲܾˣǳˣ
ôô죿
ʱҶҲˣܳĸˡ
һǱģǸȥóʳĺӡ
ءҡأ
Ķ޶޲߿ޱ˵ģ͸ˡ
Ҷһ뵱ġ
ܣлһС첲һڲʱ򰡣Ҫ϶ܲˡ
Ǹֱץĺӣֻ취ˡ
ҶתȾܡ
վס
ȥ׷ƨƨĿð̵ĺ
Сվסţץ͸㿪ư
һҶżˣһûע⣬ͨһſôҲˡ
ۿʮӶҪˣȻڹϳ˲
СӣܣŪ㣡ƨ˹
плһСԭҲпӣƨһ۾ֱˤҶȥ
лһ:
ҲǣһǸϱˡ
ҶƨһžͲȵŵˣ̧ƾҪġ
ĳСӣȻҴܣˣ
Ҷ:˵Ҵ𣿣
ȻǣҲ⣬С̫Сˣһƺġ
ۿŰƾˣҶҲ۾ǲǸס
ûˣ˵ˡ
ʱҶһҽС
ҰСŪŪˣ
ƨֱС
ԭ̧ҪҶʱлһʹˡ
лһΪþͣ´ҶһƣԼҲ˦ȥˡ
ȻһֱڶҲлһֺҪһ㣬Ǿڵꡣ
С㣬ֵĺӣıȽѹͲҪʲôɿǵġ
ټлһֱˡ
ڵЩ±ƣǰͻȻôǰ
ҪܵĻֱӾͱ׷ϵĿԺܴ󰡡
һģǺҪǰɣ
ž
Ҷϰһơ
ƨõ㹻۵Ҷһ졣
㲻ܴˣǸӣ
лһĻһ˵Χһ˲İ
ҶƺһҲ:ǸӣһСòã
ԼСС˵ĻҶûк˼ۡ
ҲǷᣡƨعҶĺ󲪾ק
лһֵĶ䶯˶ȻͻȻı˲ԡ
ۡ/Ҫˣ˭ܰҰ/ץ¸ǡšްСһ
Ҷһ:˵˭СһأĶòã
뷨ȴҶһ𺿡
ɱˣࡣ
еĸ߿ҹա
ס
¡
⣬ӿʮˡ
ǰһ۾ϳŵҶˡ
ҡܵܣ
Ҷ:ԼҳСף
ڲǾʱһӣԱߵļֱӾͰƨ˸Χˡ
ʲôˣΪʦүµģҵ˼ҵ£ǳԲ˶ߣ
ҶǺЦ:ˣҶĳ뿴ôģ£
ǣԱߵһӾΧ˹
ƨ˻ûзӦĺӱˣҲĦĦĲҶ
Щ±ƵĳǣǸƺֻһ뷨:ˣ


11 

ֹƨˣڵϵлһҲˡ
û뵽ҶСһﻹͦбġ
ֹŵҶѾ˸ˣûκͣٵľܹлһ֡
һҲͣ˵ҵˣЩ˸ӣҶСүˣܵû°ɣ
лһʲôʱܵˣһӡǲģôҲһӹӳѵˡ
û£
ҵƽٺ٣Ǹģ󽫾үүҶЩɪ˵
Ŷлһˡ
£
ѹƨˣã
лһֻ治֪Ҷҵ飬СһоǴӱȽƫԶһЩ¶ûߴġ
ҶվڲԶӡ
СӵƢʮʮߵһҲģ¾ڼҲһ׸ҶӰҲ˵
ƫƫСЩر𰡡
ƽʱҲԼһµСӣȻȥһСӴӵˡ
⻹ʲôؼС֮ĵȻҶЩĿ
ԼǽûжվҲֻԼڵʱմ˻ҳ·ѣѵһҵĺ壬ֲ̫
ΪлһִʱѾվԼǰˡ
Ҷллຣܽƥһؼҳʱ̫ˣһˣ
Сһһ˫С۱ȭӣҶЩ⡣
ӴֻһºӣȻ·ûвȴǹˮӣϴˣ϶Ҫˮ
ȴСƵġ
лһ֣ϾݵΡ
ҶһʱҶͰѻӹȥˡ
ܵܣ㻹Ӹߣôѧģ
лһ֣
ҶлһεĿԼҶӣȻĴЦ
һһСϸֳôô֡
Сֵܶˣؾ֮ҲҪúѧУӣҲУҪлл㰡ܻҪܼˣ
ҶѾｫȥˡ
뵽һС㾹Ȼôķӡ
лһ֣ȷʵԼı˵ʹһӣˣƺʲôľͲôƽ˰ɡ
ҶãʵЩҶæģҺЩӲ죡
Ҷ͵ĵͷ
Ȼ̰ӳֻҪᣬسɴ
Ϊ佫ϲľĺˣοӻԼӵСҶôЦԸһȴٴˡ
ãҶ֪ˣҪˣȥվЪϢЪϢĳؼȥɺã
лһһҲǣҪôҹĻȥҲ㡣
ҶҶлһȥվĺҲź˳ʳ
Ա֮󣬺Ǿ˯ˡ
ô˯Ⱦˡ
лһֺҶһһҶĻ㱨֪ҶܸҲɺˡ
ԭҶǸҶŻ·ϣΪ·߷ʱ׷һֻԶˣƨ͸ˡҶһ·׷Ȼ˷Ӹȥˣϸʲ֪Ȼ·̨ŵһʦүԭҶ佫һҲʦү˽ʦүһӶˣûƨ⼸˵·ߣһ·׷˹
Ϊʵ̫࣬Ҷ˲࣬һһĲֱҵҶҲǼʱϵˣһĻƨǾҪ뿪ˡ
лһִһ⡣
ҪСһҶô
˵һԴһ˯ˡ
ۣ䣬һףοǺӡ
Ҷ尲˵׼һݺ񣬴ӴҲ
ǣĩţǹҩĵ飿
Ҷڰڣؾ˵ɣۿˣΧЩطҩ㰡
Ҳ̾Ϣһ
λؾҲҪģǾҪ׼㹻ҩĴʿõġ
һ·߷ãЧ̫ãҲΪǶΪҩĵ鼱Ų㽫ҶСӸˡ
ҶӣҶӰѾǽʿҶһСͷˡ
ʹǻͷûɶУȴΪСҶλˣ൱ҶҼǵ˰
ҪǶ˵ĻϾ͵úꡣ
ãգ
лһڴϲû˯ĺܳǵĻҲֻһѣԼ̫ңԶ
һֱûκζҩֲռ侹Ȼˡ
ǰҲһĶصӣһһЩҩģķ֮һϡҩģǾ֥˲ˣⶫͨطǲóҩֲռǽһá
һĶֵĶһƬĿյأȥҪЩɲ˷ˡ
ϡҩǲˣлҲԲӡ
Ҫֵ˳ԣȻЩСãҲȿǿţˡ
ҩҲܳôõҩֲռ䣬ֳĲˡӦܳԵİɣ
лһ̵ţԺһļܳԲˣԱȴ߲˻ҪпڸС
ڶһ磬Ǿˡ
Ҷ˴źȥãôҲҪ˵ģ֪ذźˡ
лһȴҶҶһͻġ
һ˸һӿڣϾ˿ڴϵлһˣžﱨȥˡ
л϶ҵıˣ
л϶ҵıˣ
ģأ
أ
һʮʮ٣ܿ죬ӵ˶֪л϶ҵıˡ
ҵĶݣıлһֿ޵
أǰϣűӵĽģһҲɿ
ȽŮ˵Ŀ˾Ҫˡ
Ӻ޲մڶϣȦ𣺡ǵûãû㣡
ͺãͺðлıرأ㣬СӾҲ˰
ΧΧ˺ܶ
峤ҲȺһ˿޿ЩᣬȴҲѳ
ɿˣлСӻ˲һ㡣
ŸͷŲ˵޳аɣǱǴҪǿǧٱˡ
˿ɲܵﰡ
һͷţĴ˵ܹ˿ǴˣΪ峤û˵ġ
л壬ΧˣСĶ뵽ȿˮɣ
лҲ񣬲ˡ
ˣ̫ллˣҹͻʲô룬롭л˵Щˡ
ҶʱѾǣҶ˹үӱ¿һ־ҶӣҶӺһֶҪãҸлǲǣ
лͷʲôʲôˣǲ̫ס
лһڰڵϵ̺ĲۺˣĿڵҶ˵ɣ˵ĵض
ӵĴ˰ɣڴڣСವĴţ䰡
̺ôȥһŷ磬ӹǿܲˡ
ǻǵ˵⡭룡л־Ҳæк


12 
лȻǱȽϽţǵĻǱȽȫġ
ߵϵС˵Ͻȥ϶ҵİѼռһ£յˮ
һͶˣݾϣ֪ˣȥ
ǣֶŸջݻĶӣЩ̫ߣҪټô죿
ЩӾҺˣҵĲܿˣȽ϶˵ôݾνˡ
ϾСĵӻⲻǣôأȻȥʰʰ˿ɲܵˣ
˵ŻҶһŬŬ졣
ݿȥּл־ŶӵСŷĵĺһ뿪Ҹȥ
лһҲԼı˵СצˣȻߵʱ䲻ǿ϶ǰѼŵĹǺžŰɣҲˡ
Ҷ岢ûлһлȥ
ǸǰӿģСӣûˣл϶ҵıôҲҪ֪ 
л־
ϴݺʹļҪõϱѾʰ׵ˡ
ˮպˣ峤ϱһǣǽƽ˵ˮˣҲ
лһôˣҲլȹˮ˵Ѿ޵Ĵýڹʱ͵Ľһǳһ࣬ɼжôСˡ
лҾ˼ҡ

Ҷ̤ĵһоǣ
۵һСݣڹԺﻹѷһСѵľͷԺտյģһǲʰġ
ٿлүһӣԼСģٿлһֵľֹﲻɵЩп
СӵļҲУȻôĺӣȻ˲ţ
һлҵѾˮ˵ǰˡ
ˮˮ϶һˮŵҶǰֽһлǰ
ͣ
Ҷ岢ûкȣòĽӹһԡ
ү⼸Ǽ˰ɣҶļҳĿڵ
лȦһ죬ʹĵͷɲ𣿲˵Ӻ϶ϱͺҩˣãֵ簡Ҫ
棬лû˵лһȴľ
æԼСл־ܵϵԱߣ̣ðɣ
Ĩ᣺ã̺أ
Ժ󲻹ʲô£ɲ벻һк˵Ҫ˶ûˣǾʲôϣҲûˣǲǣлһŰϵİο
챧лһ֣Щʵ˵ãˣû¾̫ˣ
ҲһԵᡣ
лһתͷűжڣ벻ˣ
ᣬģŶ˵Ļﻹһ㲻Ը뷨
Ҷ忴Ųɵĵͷӿɳɴ
˵ģТģټϸͽԺܲɴ
Ҷϵıʹļ˼ǼһЦӵү֪ɣοɶһֶžȮӵ
лڣ̫ˣû¾̫ˣ
С㣬ܹƽͷǳĺˣܾˣлүǲŵ 
ҶЦЦҪۿȻҲţƫƫʵ 
һӣͼ˸ˡ

Ѷ
ǣ
ﶼŶҶ˵꣬˰Ѷϣһֵվȥˡ
ɲҵлŸŵĶ˸Źâӡ
žЩۡ
ãʱѾ峤Ȱˡ
˼Ҽ˹ͣΧʲô
峤֪ЩȻҲлҺ͹ЩϵĹòҪ޹ʵճȥ
ֻд峤һţӸϹۡ
ҶӦõģ˴ҲܹӹĺܳⱾǴǴ֮ˣοΣ֮Ȯӣһֶܡ˵ЩˣԺһֶĳֶӣС˼͸ֶԺƾ֮ã˼ƴǵģ
лһʱ֪ô˵ˣ⣬ôã˵أ
лҲЩżˣӵӣһ̾һǰһӼʮҲûܵôడ
л־ԴҲЩհףôûмôء
Ƚүлһ
ҲлүûкԼֱСӵԭ
ֻˣлүЩΣ꣬İɣ
֪лһȴǽĻˡ
ҶȻ˵һԺֶôôصأĻǿɸʲ𣡡
ԶԶԣлĲУ˵ãûôһꡣ
ǡҶļҪµģ͸ûйϵҶͱסˣлЩصĻǾ͵ɼ񣬶ٶǺʵġ
лһߵǰСצӵĻˣҺҶһһҶҪµĻҲԣԺӦþòˣлѾˣ
лһ˵ŻһһӣһݸվԵҶ
ҶʵڵĽӹˣԼֵܣͽ¡
Ҷ壺̫ܺʵҲ̫á
ӰӽӵûбĻ˵ˡ
һֶȱǮʱԺٸҶΣҶʵ
ҶҼԺģΪҰ
ҶЩĽ
ϧˣĽҲǰ״Լҵĺ 
СӺСӱȽϺϵԺ󳣳ˣ뵽ҲͲپĴЦ
ãúӣȻҶͲˣһһҪ£ǸļôСŵֶӣҶĳ׬ˣƴǣҶɾˣ
лһһǰԼո˵Ļ߻ظԼˡ
һԵлүүأ
лҲֻõͷ˵ĻҲ˵ˣ˼һǷҪͣƴǾЩˡ
ǾͶл˰ɣ
ллҶ
лһģĶҶ屧ȭлҶֺǺǵġ
ӣˡ
һҲô峤һԿֱ࣬лҡҪˣ
ǰȻֻһԺֻҪˣл϶ҵӻܲȥԺҪô˶лҸõа
峤ôģлһֲûжƽϣҶһȥ˽ⱧˣˣôҲóԶٷ߰
ڵĴĲ˾ǰײܲ
Ҷû¹˽ѣػص˺üˣæһֺ
峤Ҳû뿪л㣬ϴл־ƽһԣлҵֵͦġ
Ҷ뿪ʱ򣬻ŶӣΪԳˣ
Ϣ뿪֮Ҷĵ
ǲĺúóԣ⻹ҪóԣҶСӵ
ҶҲͦģӾǵ߹أҶ˳ԹĶȷʵ٣ǽлҳԵĲȴζģ˵СˣҲ˱ֻǣߣǶеš
ף


13 
ֹҶүһӲ⣬лҲˡ
лһЦĵˣҳײܲҲ࣡
ҲôģҸոջΪЩûгԱźóԵءǰײʲôģóԣһŵл־һںЦֻȴԼĶû
ݵﴫʱƽʱŵƬԵʰɣ
ʰӣԼ˵ĻɵЩ⣬ײ˶Ƿڲ˽ģȻǶ˼ƬҲûرģҰɣҲΪĲóԡ
ֻ⻰ûó˵°ˡ
һھ͵ǶƬʲôˣǼĶģ㡣
ΨлһһվЩСɪӲ˽Ⱨ˵ʱһһŷֲռһᣬ̺ǳ˵ʱֳŲעʱ򣬰ԭڹҪõİײ˸ˣû뵽ŷ˲һʱĲˣȻͨĲζҪãҪҩֲռֳĻ
ǿ϶൱ó԰
Ϊǰһ׳ӳԻлһֵһӾͺˡ
С¶֮΢ЦԺ󣬺ӲԶ˰
пܣ㰡ԺԵ㣬ҲǮǶֵģǲǰԵ˸л־ֺǺǵԼҶӵС
лһ֣˵ˣû;ˣΪҲͲ尡
л־ƽǸƵģԼֵô˵һ䣺϶ӿɲһЩǸСѧõģ
лҲǣй˶ԵⲻҪԺץˣԺͽ͹ѧУȥϷӼùȥѧУ
л˲پƣһ˵Լҹѧõ¶һʧࡣ
лһεĵүүһСٹɣǵǮüӺùһЩɡ
ƾԼŬ״ԪǱȽңԶʲôģǾûģЩȰѼ±ȽϺá
ۿžҪˣĸͷˣʱƽͬľˮȳԣһ٣ˮȣҼҳԵҲͦġ
о̫ľУ
ԼһϿζͰлһӵ𡭡

лȴΪʱ򣬴˶ùҲûгҪŮģиڴϢкöӹȥˣѺˣǲĿء
飬лҴҲ¸Сˡ
Ÿһĺӣŵô죿
лһֵĽ飬үӷǳĸ˴𰸣ӾҺаЩ˭Ҳ׼͸㿼ã϶ȥϣ
ɣ֪ˣл־Ӧ
ӻˣҪȥѧһһͣҲڼΪûںӱߵ¶ˣֻŰȫһЩ
лүʶΪǼ˲ڼңԲŻᱻƭߵġ
ںӶ֮ҩһ֮Ҳԭûпöӣʲô
Һл־ƽÿϹ͸ֵļʱǹ֭Ű˾ȹ
л֦ҲŻˣűȥ⹫ȥˣʹлһֶˣл϶ҵĹûٶ죬л϶Ҳӵˡ
лһǵ̸Ҳ֪ʼĩЩۣ
Ǽҵĸоͦã
ǰѧҲã͵׶԰ˣ
лүͰ¶ˣȥϰݼӣ֮ȥѧ
лһ֣С΢
Ҫ㳤Уġ
ϣлرİϴź˵ǿлһ֮⣬Ĵûٹˡ֪Ǵ峤ŵģΪľҪлҺúõЪϢʹлһֳ֮һӾûкú˯һȾ
ڶһ磬лл־
һţͿԼҵĹԺصܶˣЦĴкүү簡
磡ǡʲôأֱģǸСƵӣлʵ
лһͣԼĶлӣڶأҶÿ춼ڶԲܵĿ죬ҲҪܵĿ죬İģ
лһ⻰ϾͰԼĸ첲˳˵ĶԣϽȥɣİģ˭ٴ⣡
үү˹
֪ˣϽл־æӭ˳
ѾſˣлһֳﺰһɤӣԼֻԺȥȥˡ
ǰҲǶǱȽһЩ￴ҲΪȽϰһЩΪ̫ýͣҶ常ţ󽫾лһô˵ҲΪҪü˸ӵķġ
Ȼл־޻лүӶһο
緹лл־үȥ
Ҫˣϵ˲٣Ψţ˼Ҳȥϸϼ·˾ү˳
лȥϰȥСû˰ɣ
ȥתתⲻŸջȥɢɢģлӦŵ
ȥݷ÷Ӳûʲô˵ģǹʵ̫Сˣһ˼ҲգҪٱ֪˵Ļ˵лû˵ҪСȥʦġ
ĳɹ˵Ҳ
һ⻰ҲͲٴˡ
лһֵڳϵĴǿĲ٣λүү̣壬лл֮ǰİæ
˵֮˫ȭ𣬺ǹŴʩһ
лʲôǶһӵģԺҪŵˣʱǴӾУв
϶ģлһĵǷǳʵҲǻ˴ģԺĳɲȻǡ
Ÿж֮ĵأ
Сӳ˰˵ǺǶ㳤ɲ˰
ɣлһֺǺǵЦӦš
ӴͻȻ˵ҪСӳˣԼҵСӶûôеĸо
ɣҲǣԺ¾ͽңһŴֶӵʱչҼһأ
ǵĴлӵһӶЦݣҶǺףף
佱ˣȿԼˡ
ȻĴţţϵȴһ·˵ЦƺһҲûиоƵġ
ţ·ѾһʱԺˡ
壬λȥĻţ̫ɽǰǾ߹ŵʱţл˵
лܵˣǰ¶ͻȥõүҲԶžͻȥˣ
˳¶ӻСˣһģȥˣ̫ɽǰžͳɹ˵꣬͸ţȥ
ллһֵСﰡԺʱĻرǿԵģ֪
үү֪ģдŶлһֲСӣȻүӵ˼
һ佱ҲŶ
Ϊһ͵Ϊ꣬Ȼ֪ͼġ
лͣĵͷ浣ӱ佱Ҳűˣᵢӵġ
ʱлүڽеһǰ档
ѧ
ǺΨһѧãҲΧдӵĺĵط
ܹѧˣǿ϶ΪҪŴ־Ըˣ־ԶҪŵ͵Ҳȥ˷׬Ǯġ
Ҳ˭ġ
ڳΪѧѧ֮ǰȾǼ˵Ŀ꣬ÿӵķòÿһҶܸģһҪǾǻҪͨһɸѡУȻɸѡҪǺӵͽˡ
һǲϽ֣ѧøͲա
ֻǣӿС㣬üͷûɿ
ʲôʱܣѧأ˵ʲôʱʣӾʲôʱ𣿡ӵüͷһֱţлĵЩ˵Ҳô˳ˡ
֮ʮһŰĩţӲͷƤʮ֮󣬾֮ôҲˣϿһѧãꡣ
ѧһֱĸ࣬һרŽҪʶģֱǴ󣬣С࣬СǸѧҪѧǣǰ١ǧҪ׼ǰȥȡŵģֻֻи仹ͯһҲǺһſŰĩɵģȡӵʱϸ˲١
ںѾؼ׼ˣҲֻһҲвټ˴źǰѯѧ飬ôС͵ǵһΨһһ
Ǹлүӣӻ̫СϷĻǹ͹ɣ
ǣӣ⡭л־ҲЩżſˣȴǲ֪˵ʲôˣֱתȦ
Ӱڰڵ˰ɣλźӺȿˮȻȥɣ
ĿǣֱӾͰлһָ˰
лЩϲѧˣܡ
ӿүҲ⣬ӳÿҳе뷨⺢ʵ̫Сˣѧ˱Ͳ࣬ܲרһӵİɡ
ף
ʶĿһлһ֣ͼСһһµлģСģЩϲС
ͯǺ⣿Ӳʡ
лһСûͣĵүүʹˣҰ˳˳ϻ𣡡
ССͣʶ壬ѵðż縺ӵ
лһСһӹˣСֻԼģû취˭̫Сأǰ־Ҳүү͸װģԲŻŷӣӼǰ
˵ͣ˰ү˳Сצӣʶһ
ʦ񣿣
˭ģ
һʣлһֵʩˣվֱСĵҸŸѧģ˵ʦҵͻˣʦã
ӣ


14 
־ǰ벿ֱһЩˡ
С˵ʱûиأôԲѵĻ˵ҲҪеġ
ߵľ۸ߵͣοǰֻǸССɶ
Ȼ˵ˣ㱳ԵĶû㣬˵ˡ
ӻһڣϵл࣬˫۾Ŀлһ֡
ǲ֪־϶û⡣
лһֵСҲ¶˵Ц⣬ᣬˣ
ſھͱ֮Աƣ̣Ǩ
ͯеɤ𣬾;֮
ᱳ־˵ʲôںѧĺǶᱳؼǰСڱеʱǵȻƽıŸӵԾѡ
Ҫ֪ڣʼеʱҲǳأСһȴȻһĪϲ
ʫף󡭡
лһȻڼУֻ˵ñһ֣û˵˳žˡ
ͣãõĺܣѧϷˣСصԣʵףȻŵôѧ
ͣСôˣԼ£֮
лл־۾ﷺỨˣ̫ˡ
лһʩһ񣺡ллʦ
æлһַһ£Ǿ³ϿΣʱɾҪѧõĹˣ
лһ֣ǣӣ
뵽СʱǼʦͺèƵӣȻ֣װס
лˣѧˣҲзӵˡ
ҲûһҪ飺Ƿӣ˵Ҫаʦǰɣ
ؾʦ
بŲ𾴣лϵüҲӰЩ֪
֮ЦүˣϿεʱ򼴿ɣаʦռɿʼѧˣֻǣһֱϾСԺϵ·ɲ̣
ԺԼѧˣǵýе鶼òС
л־æģѧõģ˵ˣԺһÿ͵ģ
֮˵ͷãηĻҲסڴˣһסûģ
һҾסѧҪʹѧӣ֮϶ģϾ㣬ڲлһ˵ͲǴ¶ˡ
Сӣ˭˵¶
лӣؽͰɣ¹ǾǸмˣ
Ϊﲻѧˣû뵽ھȻĳˣͺҲڼʱõġ
֮ûȥԺӻء
ˣлүҲٴš
֮ү뿪źЦá
һ˸ߵѧ˵Ĺˡ
ڴϣӲҪʧźá
ȥߣлһѧóûкϹһŽȥ
л־ʱﻹ⽻ҪСϣ
Ǹ򣬶򣡡
лû˵黰һ鲼Ǹ˵ģÿһ㹻ˣһȻǸӵġ
ȻˣͬӣҪ·Ȼ˭˭ġ
ˣˣ
ǹ꣬Ҳֻ·С·ô죬˷Ѱ
ڲһˣҪȥѧõˡ
ŮлҲ˻ֻСĲͷҲѻڼѾͷֵĲС
СѾͷƬӴʲôѣд˴ʣµģĸľܴˣܴϻѣǿүүһθء
궫ߵʱţѾԭˣү˾Ϳʼ׳壬ˣ߹
ˣֵ鷳ˣлЦŰѶڳϵ˾һߣȻȥ͵㶫ȥлһ¾ˡ
ͬģմ˼ұû˲̧࣬ͷͷģᱻ˿𣬸οҪѧˣɲ˼Ҵżǡ
Ѿѳԯ׺õ鷳ʲô˳·¶ݡ
ţŵŵߣỊ̇ڵʱɫѾ
үУҲ˻ȥţЪЪ˴ˣлҪ³
ҲʱŻţȥϣҪũæʱţҪú̺ģ᲻ôʹ
壬·¶Ұ͹ȥڲµأһţЪˣ
лôС
˵ţ·߳ˣһǴл־ƽΪ߲̫ߵĽ˲źһ
磬ǡӵģл־ӳҲк
л־ƽͷöǵģͷϸ߾ˣ
үڣйأʲôɵĵģ˵лȴǶԼҴӵɫÿһ㡣
Ҳ֪ôģΪĹ£ûʲôµˣһ㲻˵ģǾʵڡ
ܴϱ˼С˵㣬ҲûʲôۣԿǣү׵ĺܡ
мˣҲټְͻȥˣͬʱţĻдˣл³ˣҲټˣڴ˳лԻؼȥˡ
ȥլЩүӳǮ߾һ㡣
϶ӣȻǲһϴʵڲ룬ϴϱ˵ˣΪ˲ü˲ڣԾˡ
үһͰѧ¶˵ˣǰݸ˻ˣĳˣ̫ˣ
Сɣصұŷŵ㶫
ɣҪʲôģ͸ʲôģ
ӿҪѧˣһһѶҲûкðɣûκѹľӦˡ
һһصıȽϼ·Ҳ͸лһһͷˣл־һͭҲûүӶûԷ¶ҲûᣬǶˣһֱ극˵ȥʦ¶
ݵ֪СʦʱҺһ𱸵أ
û뵽תۼԼҲҪѧˣһ뵽͸˵ĲС
л־һǾͺãһʲô©ľͲˣ
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ŰѶˣʱͶһȥ򼸿⣬Ǻúõ֣ѧˣԺ˭˵лҵĲǡ
ɣȥ⣬ϴҵĺ϶ҵѣͲˣٰʰʰʱǹ䶼һԣϱǰˣһٵѳ궼ԼŵҲò̫þˡ
л̾һҪܺúõģðһһ𿪿ĵģǣھôҲǼˣԶ˰
ӵĲһӵĲ֮ǰǣȻǡ
ӶǺúõģʹǷּˣҲڸУڣǸһ㡣
ϰѲһԣүӵԱȰж︣ϴҵֻҪԺǹҲøģͷɱ뷨ּҾͷּ˰ɣҲͦãо仰СĲԶ㡯ǲ
ǡлĻû˵ͱˡ
ϼͷӣĶ˵Ҿһ䣬Ҷһ飬ԺҪǹе㲻֮ģΪƵĿ𣿡
ˣɣ
л̾ϢһϴһϴȥЪˡ
˽ĻԼӣֻĻû˵ڣͱӸ»ȥˡ
ҡҡͷʰӣ˵ҲЪˡ
Լӣγأ
ֻС˵ѾˣΪҪô󷿵մĺãǿнѾּҵٺϵһ𣬿϶Ǳ״ںõġ
˵ģСиССܵĶĵǸʱѱ϶ϱͲ룬ϾӵϴϱǸС۶ģʱ򣬿϶֡
лҲ˼ǣԲһֱû˵ڣڹϾҪȥѧˣԺֻԽԽãڲϳһңԺ󣬾͸ûлˡ
ӵĻҲȫ޵ԣһлүӾƵ˯ˡ
뷨ֹڣڵĴͷҲ¡
үӻʱ²ҪѣҲл־ƽ˵ˣ֮࣬˱뷨
ϲ϶ҵСӰϱǧױ˵
л־ƽﻹſ̧̧Ƥ˿Ҫ˵ʲô
ЦЦģ˵ҪǺ͵˵϶ҵĻլסôʱǰԺǽˣǰһһĶãǲǣ
ʱ϶ҵӺǸҲǺǴйϵˣͷ̫̫㶫ҲǵģһԺģ
ҶлһӣȻֻд峤֪ǲҲܲµóôôܿţ
ôϳģǴҲֻͷţѣ˼һһƥ˰ɡ
ʹӵ֪Ҷү϶ҵĳԹ뿪뷨һֱϵͷϷڣ쿴󣬾Ҳ̲ס˵ˡ
ֻ˵ˣҲҵ˵ֽ˵һ䣺ʱһˣ϶ҾͲٲʲô˽Ǯ˰ɣǮǼˣʱ򡭡
л־ƽˢľվ
ϻһҪ˵ͱл־ƽҲˡ
л־ƽߵϵǰ˵⻰Ժڶ˭Ҳ׼ᣬҪԺմСһֵĹ⣬ǾʵڼţɵĻȥɣ˵ĻҶӵԺ͸ҹȥ
ϵˢľͰˣŵĿл־ƽ⻹ǸҲŲһƨùȥɲ˵˼
Ϊʲôû˸ոյĵΣϵС˺ܶࡣ
л־ƽ˿ڴѾ˯ŵĶӺ͹ŮҺ϶ⱲҲˣֶǸģԺͿˣˣÿ϶ҵֶӣѧõĺôɵԣ㣬󣡡
ҡ֪ˣҾǡ˵˵Ҳˣ˵ǺܡǼ𣿡һԼҺӣϵ˼ּ
û˼ĶٻһЩԣеľǰʲô˵ģֶӵİӳԺȲ𣿡˵л־ƽٵĶһĨŭɫ
ͱұպ͵Ĺϵ㽩ˣѹ񣬿Ӿһֱĥ˼ˡ
æͷ֪ˣҲˣֻҪԺԺȲҾҲֵˣ
˵ţϵӱÿÿѡ
л־ƽ̾Ϣһû˵ϱȻеСۣһϵӣͲˡ
ǴϱС˼л־ƽҲܡ
ǣԺ˲ˣ˵Ժˣܻܲȥ˵ҲҪ϶һҴùϵԭ
ʱҲڱϾͬͬԴķϣܸԼҺһڷأ
ҪģʵӣȴĲס
ֵܣݣǱ֣û˵øõŵĵԣۿϱҵĸˣԲС
ԺҪܸɲУõͶͷ֪е´ģֻŵǱ۵ʱܶĶӶһͬ
뵽л־ƽӽϵĶǱлһֵģȥҵʱ򿴵õıŶõģڵֶ֪ѧãͿʼűˣϣֶõϣҲ󲮵һˡ
ģҲûС
¸ĸģ


15 
죬ºӴȫǰããһƬ
һȥլˣ˵ΪҪѵģ֮죬л˶һԷġ
ȥıȽһЩлһֶٺͱ˵һȥլԷ
󷿺ͶĶٵ׼극ǰЩ춼լˣô˵ģҲͬˣҲǹڼˣػصȻЩ鷳ǵлһֿүӵЦݣûֵõġ
ǰ󲻹·ҹҲûʲôġ
붬֮ѩѾ˼СѩΣҰȫǰɫ˲һ㴿ɫѩ¡
Өָۣһ㺮⡣
ѩںȴǶһ˼Ǿ֡
лһǱϵĺǵĻЦġ
ô죬ܺǲڼţһĽϴɶӴ
ֻǣŸմſ¶һԴȻлһҲˡ
ǡСӣҪһѩ𣬿Ƕѵѩ˶Ŷ

һСͨ컹ֱˮʮкڼкֽסǲԶ
ǰϲ۸ľǱˣл֦Ҳһ
Դл֦˵֮ܵ󣬾ͺٺл֦һˣΪѾͷĿͷǣ۸ңҾҵܵŶ
ǱŻˡ
л֦仹󣬿Ǿʹлһֳ֮лҴϵٵĶӵİ˵ǵ˹ˡ
лһ֮󣬴˾ͲʱԼҵܺӣҪȥǸСӣļˡ
лһֵļ˵ȻҲл֦ˣټлһֱǳ˵꣬Ҳ̫ϲЩû¾ˮܺ棬¶ʹĺĻ͸ˡ
˵лһֳôˣʹĺĻָ
Сӣ£ûйˣйҾʹǣ㣡治лһ־վſûϳֺһ
лһֵû뵽ټܺӾȻ˵Ļ
ðȥ£лһָն꣬ȥͺһѩҲУðǰѩһЩ
лһִ³ţͺһѩѩΪܹ·һЩѩ֮лһֻñ˶ٵɨɨһء
һСǲˣС𣿺ð׺ְ
ǿɲǴ˵ҪѧأǲСӣѧ۲
лһֶһĶʵô֪Ҫȥѧģ
Ĩһ±ӣлһְǰѩһЩѵԱ˵ȥҼҽߣ˵ҪԱţҲȥˣ˵ҹһȥѧ۲
лһ֣Ҳһѧѧʲô ˵ֻûȥأ
ûϣǰ˲ѧ
ϾţܵҸŶȥ˼죬Ͳˣ㱻ҵඣƨɻأ㵽ʱСĵ㣬ˣ
Ϊɶ򣿡ʹЩ˵ϰߣĺѧĻӦǺúõŲŶԵİɣôʹأ
ѧᣬӵҸջˣӰҸϳˣȻҾͰˣﻹ˵˷Ǯɶģ˵Ҷȥˣ˷Ů˾鷳
лһ֣ѧˣ϶ǽˣڻ˵⻰ûѵð
Ҫ֪˿ɲԣóѧ˼ҾսģһӾͱܺӸûˣŹ֣ҪĻҲᡣ
ȣԼȻǲܺܺƵɹģúѧϰϲС
лһֿƲƲ˵㻹ţѧЩ˾ûвģұĸˣӿŶ۵Ļţ浣ķӰ
лһΣܺӵ뷨Ȼͳ˲ͬԼǵķӡ
ʦĺúֽǹע㲻̫ԡ
һȥɣʱҸôۣ
лһ֣ͻȻܺˣûġ
ʲôģĲ̫á
ô˵̲˵׼˵ҪǱӹȥô죿һԵһк˵ŻԱһ·лһֵ߾йƵġ
ߺǱСӵܵܣ㶮ƨ˵ʱǰ͹ȥˣ汿
𣿺ǣ
СӣԺҪһ˳ȥһ𣬹ӾͲҹˡ
лһѩѣ̸ôصĻĺ
ǼҲȥѧǵʱһȥмһѧҲ
Դҡ˵ǲȥССأ꣬Ǽĵ˵ûӸ룬ǲȥɣĽǰ
һҪİɣ
лһֲûжȥʣ뷨һΪЩܺӻҪСĺҲȥ˵ʲô
СӣؼҳԷˣԶȥլԷл־ƽЦźһɤӡ
ķѾҪˣ̫̫ϽˣҪ䣬һҲˡ
󲮣֪ˣȥелһӦһŤͷкŵ
ҪȥԷˣҲȥԷɣؼ
ԴµԷͳԷɣؼɶ
лһ֣ܺȻϻ
ĹԺҪѧú˽ӴŶԣı˿ʲô
û¾ͺǼһһȦӦþܿٵϰˣˡ
û뵽Ϊлһֵ뷨Ժˮﲻ԰Ρ
һѧһֱѧһѧԣһѧ̺ԣܿް
ʱ˶ûʲôоˡ
л־ƽл־үеլѾպˣһӡ
ȻȻԲΪǲȴиˣǾлһĴײƬ
Ͻ³Է˰ɣ
үү̳ԷԷ󲮲˸Է
ԣ
һȦƺģСģ˿̹
һֱͶͷ˲ԸϣҲһЦݵлһԣСԣҲԣһͻˣʱúóԵĹ
㣿
лһֵԴݡ
ݻǷǳ˽ԼĶӵģɽ㰡񳿴峤ӹ˵ɽңⲻɲˣ
лһֵŶɽˣҽɶʱҪȥѼȥ𣿡
һ㶣ȻȦЩ졣
֮ǰҪȥѹŮӻ⼸һֱæѵ¶л֦仹Լסء
ڱһᣬݵ൱ζ
Լ˻ܵ˼ҵĹŮˣϾ뵽ԼŮһġ
Ǽ谮ģһ⻰Ҳϰǻ͹ˣ컯ѩȥ͸񣬰֦ӻɣܲѼҹɣ
Ļһȥӣл־Ҳϱ֮ǰһֻǼһʱĻûæûȥˣ뻹ǣٲȥӣûˡ
һȥӹŮˣỨ˲ЦݶһЩӵºˡ
жûлͽˣ˶֮ҲżĻȥ Ǻ̫СټǶǳ⣬ʱ䣬һ˶޲ðӷлһֵϣԹѼҵ¶лһֻûо
ôһȥѼҽӽ㣬ٵ
лһϱʾҲȥ
㲻ȥ̫䣬Ǻ˸һˮȺòãϾܾ
ѩص·Ƿǳĥ˵¶ѹﶳſô죿
οӵʱǱëһֱԹﶬš
ò׵õһԶŵĻᣬȥѼң⼸꾻⹫ˣлһȥϵĴ֮٣οԼˣǴš
ȥɣܿͻģòãò
㰡֪أ㿴ôѩߺԶ·۵ģϾǲùԶţﻹи񰡡
лһҡŰϵĸ첲ŴŴĵ֪ңҲ뾡Тİүү˾ܹүÿúöС⣬ڲģȥݸ껹ǿԵģ˵ǲ
ϵŶѩ̫һģ챻С˵Ļˮˡ
ɳɳɣȥУ·һҪĻڰǧܶţаҪĻţţپǡ
лһֲͣĵԴ˵ʲôͷӦ¡
·ôǵȻ쿴죨ģ飩ˡ
˵ŻԷˣŸʰ꣬լĴžͱˡ
ƽڼŮһӻˣĴЦŵ
л־ƽæȥԺأɣ
ˣߵ˵һͷлϸģ
ϣͷҰҶӲݺõ㣡лҲЦŵͬҲûôིһԼĴҶӲõĴ֮ˡ
ЦǺǵİ뿪ˣ˭ҲУݵĶˣӵľˣʱ򣬻˼ҼﴮǾûͷˡ
л־ƽϴ˾ͻؼȥˣһл־ƽִˣһͷϰŻҲͷľǴýлɣԵ˽ΣԼһС꣬Ȼ̫æҲ㹻޶ˡ
үү̣ã
˵ʱЩƣһ˵⻰ЩڵŸԵֺֺˡ
úã!ﻹðɣլѾʰˣлһ¡
ͷã
ȻλʵһԲ˵ˡ
ӾЩˣүӺֱӰˣ˽ӶûӰ
лɰŵһֻһ̳ƷŵЦŵүү̱һʶ֪ͷĻǶӺðɣûĶ²˵ľƣϱ
ȽλýҪ˵ˡ
ϵԼʲôƲ˵ģԺˣ˹ӱʲôãѾѸѹǮȥϰóԵĹ
˵ŻһóһǮ˸лС
ѾŰɣллѰлɰСǰ˳
ǽѾСȴʹ㣬϶пˣǰϸֹˡ
ϰǮлɵѾŰɣǡúùӣʵûգҲû£˸Ӹ֪Ǻþˣ
лǮ۾һᣬû
ݶ˹ˮкӵˣɲܵᣬҪô찡ȵˮ
лæӹлл鷳
ǶһˣʲôЦѾԴӿڴҲͳͭСĿڴתȥæˣȻǴ󷿵Ĺţǿ϶ҪլԷģ־Ϳʼ׼ˡ
һҲԼҲлȥæˡ
лһվлүӵߣڼȽģĴýһҡ
һʵֵˣ̫˵̺ͬý˵ʱӵпģҲоᡣ
ǵ̸лһ֪˴ý޹ȥ֮󲢲ô˳
ǻżСɲܺϱϵ
лɿЦŵģһʡõģǺͷ͵һǱ߻µģҾͲЩҲûǾȥˣû
ûǲܵġ
ҼбľлѵľӶѾͷһ㣬ҺлϾûô


16 
лһֺһϸţڵ֪ýʱõķˡ
л֮ǰилˣЩҲָָģ˵л׺ǹŮټýҲһϲ˵ˣ ӸɴԼᵽϹˡ
ȻûзּңҲͷּҲˡ
һлһֶô˵ζһֺøУܹΪϱ͹ŮָԼᵽϹӣκһ˶ܰõġ
ҲǴýƲĽһֱάԭɡ
Сӣлл򣡡

лһĹǰͶǮ
̧ͷȥȻû˵ý
ΰǮлһֵѧϰֽģúѧ
˵꣬λתȥˣƲ
ͻȻǮлһЩ⣬һԲϾ͸Ǯ
ŰɣͷıҴɩ˵үүͶֶȥˣֶúöԺΪͿˣ
лһ֣ѹɽ󰡣
ǮҲҪԼҪǮĻһԼ׬ӺˣǮǳ԰ɣ
һСﶼԼС㣬лһԴЩ
˵ССʲôģȻƤ㹻ܽеĳ
ΣţѾͶѾУҸ
⻰˵ļ򵥣ȴзһ˵ִ꣬ͳһǮлɡ
лҲЦЦǲȱ׬ǮһСԼģȱţһǮүү̣ʱû̫ණǡ
үү̾ͲˣԼӾУ¾ͻĲУ˭۸㣬лŻõģ˵⻰ƤɨһΡ
лҲһεĸ첲
˼Ǳʾһ°ڼѾ̺ˣֻЩţ֮ǰϱ̵Ļ˴룬һͳˣ˵㣬ǸϱʲôţҼǲˣ
ӣεһ仰лֻĴ˴εĸ첲
ȴֺǺǵЦЦͼƲˡ
лɵСȴǸһĨЦݡ
ϿҲû˵ģòð
׼֮ô⴦ŰգֻҪܹȥͳˣҲȥæˡ
лŴѾҲһȥˣͬʱȥĻлһСβ͡
Ѿ꣬Ըȴ൱һֱĸлɵߣʱ̶ǣ½ǡ
ɰҪδźӹɣһҲټһңǸ֣ôϱǣŹȥС˵
̣ҾͲˣҶȻ壬ҲһЩؼǲҪǱǱߴ󷿷֪ˣ¶ϹҲãҲЪЪǣע壡
л˵Żհϵĸ첲
βᷴԣȲѾͶѾҲ棬һֱԼϣСˣ˵ǵ̵Ҳٶ˵
лɿɬĿһԼĹŮСĲŸܴ꣬ʱ˸ڵھӰæտŵģҪ߹굱Ȼá
ֻǣлǲܵģϹµֻ˵ЩСҪǻлҹ꣬ǿ϶Ͳˣο޳ȥŮһҹҲᱻָġ
̣ǾϹˣػصҲ㣬Ѿ̫С˵лɲ˴鷳ȻǾܾˡ
ֻõаɣߵʱˣζرã
ɣ
лһҿڵĵ緹ʱ򣬾ࡣ
ôմƵĴҲڽȸˣְѾˣΣɿҪúùӰ
ãָˣ
ҲǸʵˣԼˣҲһͷãҲˣ
Ϊ˱Ƚ϶࣬һŮһлһֺıֵһϡ
ǺȴˣҲﱾл²ˣлθһ֮󿪿ڵģξԲסˣҲԲסϱӵ¶
֪ǿǹҰﲻǰл־ƽۺӵģǰﲻǵѹᡣ
ηοˣأүүж嶼úõģҸɴˣͰǽӵϣǺúúһ
лԼľƵЩͲˣǰӹþУ
һСڣֳľζүӵֱӼķ졣
үүԿڲѹѹлһһæүүвˡ
үӺȵôͣҪǺſɲ̫á
лֺǺǵİӸеĲ˳ȥһڣΣûǺˡ
壬һֵԺȥ϶סҼҰɣҺ˵ˣʰһӣԲŵܵѧϰģ
ðɣ
лһҲû뵽ýȻԼסǼҡ
Ҫ֪ԼѧɲһģеʮʮҲһܿš
ȻˣЩģ¶ֻԼ֪˲֪
ȫ֪ԼϸξȻԼȥסĿ湻ģҪ֪ȥɲֹǹסô򵥵ģԺãÿĺӣЩ鷳¶
л־ҲүӺʹߡ
ǰȻСϾǴ󲮼ҵŮǹͣɲܺ˵
лүӵæԼľУ¶Ǻǰһ;УĻûôҪ
ҪҲԼѧҪ
лһҲȹˣҾͿԼˣǼѧģǵʱһȥѧУ
飿ҲͣԷɣһ˾ͲóˣлûбƸΣѧ¶һҲԺġ
үӲɿڣαͲ˵ˣôһ£ϾͲ˵ˡ
ʱ˵ľлߵ¶ˣǱߵ¶Լͬļ˭Ҳûᵽ
һҿڳ극һˣΪǻҪϻϡ
ʰһЩϣֶ·ϱżѩûлοܻ߼Ҳˤˡ
Զˣһֹ߶ˣ֪ͲͬױˣЩ治Ҫɲȥ֣һֵûӣ
ۺһ£лһĽζģɫһӾϴҵģźӵ棬ʲôأȥҿܵҪ죡
Сֹһ䣬лһҲû˵ʲôǲ˵ˡ
һֿʼˡ
ж㣬ݾʹлһ֮е¶ȥ
ϰлһõţԼҲʼѣǶϱԼͬģϹˣԼȥҲڣԼԼζ֪
֪ϾӦǲŵģǰҾͲô׽ȻҴͦġ
ҲֻõͷӦ£Ҳ֪ˣ˵Щȷ컹죬ûģ
ҡҡͷûнӴϱĻ˵
ֻΪΪлҺ׼ңܹҲմϱߵģ֪ǰݾǱҲֻǴԼŮοһıȽ϶࣬˵ԶһĴͷˡ
Ҽûкôմˣټл̥ѾͷҼ˹ϵˡ
ѵõΣô䣬˵һƲ
ÿǮȻǵģֻҪͽ񣬿϶ÿһЩѹǮ
࣬ÿһǮڴǴˡ
ȻϼҲ˴ѾѹǮȽ˵ο˵㡣
ҲΪʵڣлҶҲĿ࿴ɡ
̣ԺǺõģģߵͰǴƲǵģлһֿͷ󲿷ֻҰ׵İϵ
ֱĨ۾涮£̰Ժ͵ŹˣҪúѧ֪Ժţ̿ɾˣ
һлһֺĵͷȴǰߵĸŮ˸Цͣ
㿴ӣ˵д󽫵ķȣ
ɲСԺҪģ
ˣˣ
лһ̧ͷݶǱ죬̫Щͷˡ
ĵлһȴţǲټͯأ
־ˣѧѰټٱĻ᲻̫أ
츳̫ˣҲһѹ
СģŮ˵Цˡ
ᴫȾлһֺǺǵĿǣһӣܺá
ĸŮˣͨ⼸ŬǵѾˡ
лһֿԼϵɫްСЩķ̣ôˣûɫ·š
ǰӼǺڰ䣬֮·ҲеļɫĹѣлһֺл˵Ķһɫ¡
лһ￴ɫᣬл־ȴǿϣɫǶӣÿϲ죡
˵һģ·ģһĴһЩԴ֡
лһ֣ôϲаɡ
ΪҪȥл֦л־ʰһЩ˯ˡ
ڶ죬컹ûлһ־ͱݴӱﳶ˳
ΪҪȥ绹øϻΪܹҶһÿȥңҪһͳġ
лһֵСǿġ
ļûоͰˣҲûйǱʵʵģͲܽˡ
֮лһֵǰǺڵģȦȦıһʵͱˡ
ҿˣҪƵҴô죿ھеˣлһֵӱﴫ
û취Ϊ˲СӸţӲһӰСƳϣߡ
лһôһ˵ҲǰЩˡ
̫ɵĻֵİѶӸš
¶Ļᶳģݾüͷˡ
лһ֣һֱ¶ģжҲ·ůأʱٴڱõţͲõİˣǲǣ
ǺеܾﲻԣЩɵĿл־𣿡
л־ϱͶӵע£ĵǵģ
лһֱ֣ɰ
ɰĵΪǵĽǣлһȷʵлǰѼҵ·һأҲһСأʵСȶ̣ټһ·ϱûһһ򻬣ŵл־޾ͰСƳȥˡ
лһҲֻͬ⣬ٶȣҲһߵ
СƳһǼ׼ֻ㣬һ鷽⣬̳ƣһ߾ǰĺӣľлһˡ
 жܵ
ʱɣҪ˾˯ٸǸ·棡
лһһϱʾ
ڰľ͹ʵˣҪٸϼ·Լôİɣ
˵ˣڱĲ䡣


17 
ҴĴ峤ҽǳϡΧҲû峤ϱߣΪǱͯˣ
Ϣһһһģ峤ҵ˾ûϹ
Χ۵лһ֣
ֱΧ۵һֱԷʱͣˡ
ŮһӶˣϴϱ͹Ů׼һӺòˣһӳԵȺġ
Ǽһֱô˰ݲʣһ㲻ңһҼôˣе㲻ϰˡ
ЦŵôܣҲû¾£ﳤã
ҲֺǺǵıŰӣɲ𣬱ʮʱִܸͷˣ
ȻˣСӼ糤ǳͷʱ򣡡
ֵÿ
лһǳ˳ԼźˣֻҪͷݳ֡
⺢̫ˣ
ǰôް
ɩӱСһʶʹӷ˵ȥѧ֮˵һѧˣһҲЦ˵
ϵͯ޼ɣȥɣ
˵ǣ⺢ĺôٶסźأ
ŷˣҵϱҲҲʹȥһӼƽϡ
οСǵһδСǸȥˣûǹŶ
˱лһһķ˵ˡ
һСܹ˵Ļ̫ˡ
û˽ǣԼҵĺ˵˵
ݼɩɩûжҲЦĺܿġ
һ֦СȥɣԶ˰⺰һɤӡ
ſèСˢˢľ˹ոմ˵һֱڶءл֦ԼܵܵһСݣл֦Ѽסӡ
ܵܣЩҸĺóԵǣ㳢ɺóˣл֦Ӵͷһóһ˲Ű¶Ӳ
԰ɣҲ̫ϲԣлһֲǲϲԣָճ극ʳô˷ǡ
Ǽˮɵǿ飬лһֻԹһΡ
ʵŴǵζһѾ滳ִǰǰζźó԰
Сܣ֦һֱŵģûóأ
˵С˾˼ҵĶ⼸л֦ڿҲ͸ˡ
ںһĽһѾԼȥˣĺǲ̫ϲСģοһѾ12ˣ뵽ǼͷĽС͸СʲôģһúԼĹϵԴ֮Լҿȥˡ
ԭл֦ѼҵǶأСһҲûóԣȫܵأлһ̵ֵģȻûгǡ
һɣͳһл֦˵ŻǿһǷлһֵߡ
Ž۾ڴлһСһţϾͽһо𣬵ڶоǣǳ
Ŀˣ
ܵܳ˸ǣл֦СɢſĵЦݡ
л֦Цʣɣ
𣡺óԣΪ֤Լϲԣлһֻʹ˵ͷûҭš
أ
˵꣬лְ֦ǶŵһһְԼȻûгһš
лһֿڰʲô䱦һл֦䣬Сצģ㣬Ժ˭۸˵
㣬ˣ
л֦Դ֪
еܾܵǺãܵС˵ӣˡ
գգ۾СĵСܣ˵Ҫ뿼ŵĻ̫Сˣǧ͵Ҫᰤġ
Ļһ£л֦ҲæȰ԰С˾˵Ľߴ˿ˣ
㱻лһԼҲûз֣˵⻰ʱ򣬾ȻЩл֦ˡ
л֦æҡͷУңǱǣرǱ磬ûſڵˣ
꣡Сֲˣѵ
л֦仹ͷԣ
лһһԼҽ㰤ģʱͷһ㣬Сôܰأ
ڱ˻˱ǣкƤ˰ʲôģ˵ͨ
С˾ΪʲôҪǰǺӵԣлһ־ǳ˵Ҳԡ
Ϊǲúö鰡㻹ǴٶɣʱҲᣬҪСƨһ͵ú͵ѪģЩǵĵ
лһ֣ĲᰡѪˡ
ȣؼҲǳŲ°ɣѵӦҪŬѧϰ
лһֻڲʱſھ˲̫Ըˡ
СӱСķʲôϽҸ㰡ȥ㹦أҪǻشٺ٣ҿɿˣѽ͹ȥˣ
ֻÿҲ֪ÿ궼ܼεˡ
˽꣬Ѿŵѧ꣬ǹȴ൱Ŀơ
СƤʵǸסģټϸտʼѧʱûʲô࣬ҪúѧѾתˣڰɳˡ
Լʱƣ˰Ǿͬˡ
СӱܾٿɰôҲôɰѽԼǰһİ᣿
СллңС˾߰ɣлһַ·ûпĲĵı飬Ȼߡ
ϲ̵ĵ鷿أͶҲڣٺ٣飬㣬ٿһˣ
ܵϽȥɣС˾˿ˣл֦סôˣȻûиС˾ϿΣȴҲӰĺС˾ĵ׵ľ⡣
лһ־Ŀһ۵ŶС߰ɣ
ˣʲô飿УСӱܵĳƺΪëֱӵĸоأ
С磬ûëǴСӱܵôô쳣أ
һ·ŵ鷿Ҳûз쳣
ⲻ˿ʵлһڳƺʱǰ֣˭СԼСӵġ
ߣҲϵĺðɣԴСˣв˵ͱˣøʱġ
鷿
»һǰֵ֣ǧ֣ʱʱ۾ƲһǵĴ硣
һǵȫġ16ȫǴҪ³ˣȴŷǳ⡣
ġٵ⾳ٲרԶ
žž
½ߴȫһӾˣɼжˡ
ȴû˿ǣѽ߷һĵ
ǣӣֻҪѧϰԼ׶ǰҲҪƺӣŵ֮
ȫջر󣬼ȥˡ
дõңÿαĶͲӰдˡ
˺лһߵ鷿ſڣÿһĻ
лһֱֿ飬Ƕ຦£֮ǰС˾˵ˣԭǿСͶ»ͬ
ڴ簤ʱֻҲƵĲɼƽʱûٰᰡ˰ˡ
ޣﲻӰ˰ɣ


18 
ܿ죬лһ־ʹλ۾￴ͬ顣
ĿԼԼͬ飿
￴ȥͼС˾Ѿڶˡ
һֹˣɣ¶һĨº͵Ц⡣
лһСȥǣ˾˺ãң
ͷ˵㱳־
лһֵǣ
ⲻܣ޲е˶֪ԼᱳˣڷϾˣѼҵ˶֪һҲ֡
ųԼСУ͸ÿ䣬ƪ
ҪﵽԼСǰȥֵˣֻ·ģΪʲôҲҪŶ
ҷĲ鲻ԸĲվлһֵߣҽСӱ𣿡
֪׵ֻǿһۣΪߣܽܣΪлһֵıԴ˳ƺܵǸ֪ܸģĪɣ
ͻȻһ¡
Ȼͼ˵Сˢľתлһ֣СһֱܣǱˣøŵģ
ְСӽгˣ׵ǱˣϸĹˡ
лһҲһһҲвԵĵطԭ£
ȷˣ֮ǰСܾǹôԼģΪԼĳƺСӲ
СʲôĶǾ޿Ӱ
˲ŶԣʼŲ֪ԼСѾԼ׶ССĽѵˣСֻ׵ܹҲûڳƺϾᡣ
㵽ΪֹĹɡ
׵ˣ˲ٵ󣬿ھͱ֮Աƣ
лһֽŸϣ
Ȼһֱ棬ֱͷֻǿԼҶӵʱһĨ
ĵط˱Ĳ̫ʱʱĿİģû֮ǰᣬⱾʲô¶Ͼһ
ؼڱеʱżǺһ𱳵лһûаСһͷβ൱ģĸλãֻҪһͣϾܽű
ԣ˱ˡ
һžͰѷϵĽ
Ŀ꿴ˡ
˰´СһȦתƣӲûҵ
ΪǵĻӭĽ˫ĳͷ š
ſлһ֣Ȼǿ֮ģȥʱҸ׼һЩ壬ȥжϣڹʮҲ³ȡ׷񣡡
ףлл˾㣡лһֹĶʩһ
С˾˵Ȼ֪ȻǺõˣҲֻǺһˣΨ˹ü˹ĸһ㣬ҲĿꡣ
ѧˣȻҪ³ȡģʮʲôģлһ־Զˡ
ź⣬Ȼ꣬Ǵϻ࣬ԼõĺӣȻᾡ㣬ЩҲǰдģüҵļҾǲжǮϰõģǰ׼һס
ֻϣ⺢ܼȥɣԣʮ꣬ǲġ
ڼҪźá
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôܾ׵Լˡ
ΪʲôҪ룬ԼҲ֪ĸоɪɪ
ˣСӱܹȻСʱˣǸʱԼ˵ʲôǸ͵ģȻǰġ
û뵽ڲŸոմһ㣬ȻԼˣԼ̫ǶԷ̫ƻˡ
ƻ˻С㣬һҲᱻֻԼ˰ɣ
˲ΪʲôÿԼʹεʱҪͰˣΪʲôСܱ鹦εʱ򣬰ĻԼأ
е۸С˰ɣ
ô˵ҲԣǰСԼСĲԼ˰СӱܰΪëĻԼأ
⣬൱⣬Խǲ⣬Լ׵͸ӵԹˡ
ſԼһİԹ޲һ٣ģڻûء
ŵȫһֱȳȥ»͸£
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ڼＴȫ壬Ҳķӣ鲻ùʱ򣬴һҲ
»ֵһҪ£СͿ
ǲ϶Ҫ飬˵õĹʱ򲻱أ
лһֵ˾ˣȥѺүˣæҲҪŶһҪ̴ѧأ
Ϊһòĺӣ뿪ǰ˼˵һǱġ
źЦŵͷ˾֪ˣȥɣ˾͵
ֻڵ֮ǰҪȽѵѵСӲС
ǣ
лһֺȫ߳鷿ٳŵʱ򣬻ǳƵĸ鷿š
Ÿչϣѵ
һִô࣬˼ò
ǴͿʼ־ˣֻ죬˼ôˣأ
»ˣÿ˱һٱٳȥ
ǣſǻӦһʹٴ
лһָ֣ѵ˰ǡ
뵽лһͻȻЩ⣬ôأǰûй°
ÿһٱ־Ӧû˰ɣлһһ뿪ʱҲûСٴչ
ģһ˾׼ߡ
̫뿪Ļʱڵ磬·ϻѩˮıʱߡ
ѧ֮ͲٵƤһҪڼϰſɳɴ£лһҪ뿪ʱٴζ
лһЦӦ£֪˾˾ˣһúѧģ
ͬʱС˾͵һЩд͸壬ûִ갡֮ģЩǷǳŪģлһҲ֪С˾˵⣬Զľ˾ҲǷǳ𾴵ġ
ŵĻǣЩԺʶֶ˾ͿԿ㿼ƾô
лһĵͷʾһĿģṼ˵εġ
˰ҪŵĶŰƳһȥǽס죬ᵢȥѧõģ
磬ʱɣ첻õĻٿػصҲͦģҲ˵
Ҫҵģô˵Ҳ˼ÿÿʱ򣬾дѩʱͲˣЩҵĴ֮١
аɣʱ˵ɣٵˣ·Ҫ
ȻǲᣬȴҲûٵȥһˣл־ųӣŽ˿ǳ˴ŻصԺȥˡ
С磬ʱ˼ˣ˵ǽСӷ
ˣС´Ǿ鱳ǧ֣С㲻ܱô˰ɡ
⻰ҪǱлһˣһǵʾͬģǶ汳Ļò˶á
˭治һ
ϧûᣬлһѾ뿪ˣѸ׼Ļ񣬴˾˸͵һЩɽζС˾˸һЩ͸һ뿪ġ
֮лһ־ˣһͳ䡣
ⲻ֪һ𾪰


19 
Ϊдʵǡ̫ˡ
õΪӡȥˡ
ӡˢ壬Щ죬ҲЩ
Լܰд֣Ǿ̫гɾ͸ˣִв˵繷ƵģǰһҲóԼС˾˵ıȣû
д͸˼лһֵȻ̫
ȻһֻܿģɴµҲŪʲô˼ֻԽĸԽ£лһһĸ̾ԼǰôҲ˶ʮѧһӸо˰äˡ
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ķһ飬Ӿ̾ˡ
Ǳ޴ЩǳĶȻҲף̫ˡ
дôõ˱ˣѹֿƾ֮·ľ˵Ͳһõġ
ο⻹ֻС˾Լעд壬һдԾлһֶڿƾһ;µ˽⡣
һһͬӡˢڿհֽһ㣬ĲᣬһǾͱҪ¿๦ģ
УԼҲС
ϾĺСԼɲǣԣУ
ҲҪˣлһĵﰵʱҲ¶˾ġ
лһĳݵĿС˾˵ԾлÿһĻ˼ˡ
ǵôѧźã⿴ӣ۾Ҳգһµģգһ¶˷ʱ䰡
ǸѧģǿɱлСĶŶӷ򸾡
֪ĵǾ·Žżߵģ˶ӦţһԺӡ
⼸λѾˣСѹͻûϹѧûѧĺʶô
ܿдʲô
װһĿЩǾװˣ
£ûһ˻뷨ԼҵĺʲôǶԵģġ
죬ҪˣҼһϲЦտ׼ŹҪõĶ
լ극лһָջصԺֺġ
룬룡
Ŵ򿪣л־˴˽
ˣǣһƥϻװѹֻôΧˣԭġ
СӣӾǸˣл־ЦкվſĶӵ
лһǸٿģ⻹ûʼҳء
£лһӭ˹
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˻ˣ֮ǰҶһлҵ
˰˨лһּҵϣְĴﵽ
л־ͬĴк
ˣﻹŹأ
Ҽأȥ!
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л־ͷʲôģ㲻ϣСӵģҪãͨš
ͨˣֻлһյҶţлһֲûиţûѧҪǻдҲýͣԾֻδء
ԺΧŵ˸ɢˣȷǴ󽫾ҵˣ־ǿˡ
лһҲû뵽ʱ򣬾ȻյܶԾǵ
лСӣǷ׼ССү׼һСүģ
չţּº͵ģҶǻƢļһд
ʣϾ˳˭дģ
ү˵Ŵүдģǰŵ˱Щεĵ
лһ֣ȷʵͦεġ
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רŹͶæͷˣϴŵ˻صǱСүһȻûиţǿҲðûпɲѵ
ǻôҲлСӸŴȥںˣűȿá
СһЩС⣬һҶƽʱġ
һЩͲϣлһֵ·ףƥϺõĲϣһǸл׼ģһУУõ⡣
лһʣʲô⣿ܳ𣿡
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лһЦŵ¹ⰡǴ󲹵Ķһ͵үүöҲɺã
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¹ʲôģл־ûмҲû˵ﲢûж춯ͺóԣûġ
лһ֪ȻҲûгԹ
λ磬׼ôҲöλŻȥλԵһ𣿼ȻƶҲõæ㱡æؾǿ𣿡
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лһҲ׼ñ˵ĶͺʹլҴһ׼һЩزҺأﲢȱƽʱĻЩҲһʱܱõġ
εĻֳɵģԼ⣬Ƶ˺ײˣ˲ľŴײ˺Сӵܲģһӡ
⻹㣬лһ֮ǰһֱⶣţҪЩ˸Ҷԣ˵ϲԵĲˡ
ⶫǷڿռü˵ģʱóԵģȫҶˣҲ֪˾Щ˻᲻ֱͨˡ
λŶˣСүһô޵ˣôܻô׵Ķ
ײܲʲôģҲȱĺðɣ
ģȻǽӶŵϡ
˼ҵ⣬СүԣҲǵģ˵ʱɷ˰ȥˣ·ϲǱţϾˡ
磬˴ŶлһдĻžͻȥˣлô˾ǲԣΪǻҪǰؾǡ
Ҷˣл־һƥ͵լ
ϼİѲݼ䣬ôһʱ򣬲˭ǼҴţһӾܿƥԾǹ͵Ĳˡ
ɶ档
¹Ҳֻһӣл־ִؼˡ
˼ҸǵĴǾǳҲ̰ԣһǹʱˣ
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ⱾлһֵĶˣܸ͵ǾТģ֮ҪԵǵĶȥġ
̣ҲڼԷģͷɣĶԼãлһȻϲԺöҲ̰ˡ
ǰʲôöûԹ¹ͼһԲźð
գһ룬һ뻹ݴؼȥˡ
ԴˣлҴһΪĶԡ
лһҲֻûȥϳԷʱ򣬼˶˸ʣ¹⣬Եоͺͨⲻһ


20 
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Ǵ󽫾  Ҷ
Ҷ˿ϲͣСӾһ̾
ǳŰײ𣿸һ󳵣һµˣôСˣ
Ҷ۾ˢľͺˣһ𣿾ҲһֵܵҵţߣһŰײѽһų˾ͳ˰ɣһţΪʲôҪô籧ˣҵĲˣ
ŰײˣһҲûסһԼҳˣıȥӼˡ
һޣܺԼҵİײ˱
ǲܲ𣿡ҶеСεĵ
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ˤ
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ײ˻ãһţڿЩܲʱֱ͸ȥµˡ
Ҳûж룬һһûؼȥˡ
Ҷѧû֪ԼﱻˣϾȥ ͸˼ҵܲҪɣûˣǵʱǴӱ˵ֻܲʣС㣬©ڴűµġ
ڰײҶ˾ȥųԣֱ֮ӰһҶӰȥˡ
£Ҷô˴ˡ
ҶӰһԿԼŲ˵ĵִ˴ǸƵĵܵܡ
ҶҸɶء
ҶӰؼһӵİײ˷ԼȥŰײҲˣ
Ҷɨİײˣ쿴ˣԼʱ򣬼˾Ȼˣ˵õమأ
Ҷʢһ뷹̾Ҳ֪үүǴܲܳԵȥӴҪСȥ
ȥҶ˵¿ʼڳԷڳԲˡ
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һָſ𣿾ûɶ뷨Ҷ극ߵʱһ
ҶԷĶ˶٣ȻԷˡ
Ҷ岢ûоô׵ķŹԼӣһֶûѧ־дıãҶû𣿡
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ȥүүˣİײһףҶˡ
ꣿ֪ǰҪǿˣҶžѾܵһԺӡ
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İײĺãѹСӾȻԷ
ϲײˣԺүүóలŹֻҪСϲͷֻ԰ײҲ⡣
뵽ҶүӵĻһڣոջһСӾȻ˱죬תۿžҪˡ
СƽʱƤĽôίȴûйġ
үү˵ôˣүӶڱ߹ػűǣҪ׽ʱܿСôίӴ
Ҷҵܵҵİײ˺ܲˣûˣԺԾûˣأ
˵ίĿŪŰײ
Ҷүӣ
ܵܣʲôʱһܺ
ײܲڣѹͲȱĺðɣ
һүӣ˽һ£Ȼֻ̾Ϣ
ѹֳŰײЩͬΪǴպ˵Եأԭ飬лҪǸԼһֱǹŵĴСӲС
ܰѰײ˺ܲ˵ĿζģСӺܲƽš
Ҷүôˣתۼ뵽һЩ쳣
лһֲ֪ΪҶǰһ˼סĴڡ
ʮҼһžһ𣬳ҹл˽ϵĲ˳˸ɸɾķ˸㣬ûлһȥ룬˻Щˣ϶Ϊڣ￪ĲųԵôóԵġ
꣬Сȥ˯ɣ۾ˣлЦŵ
лһֱҲһŵģΪȻǰڵȴǼŵģΪһôļң
ϸĸװһЩǮڿڴؼȥ˯ɣһȥתתô죬滹ҪѩӣˣǾžˣذɣ
лҲȥһҲһ
󷿵ıȽϽصҹʱ̧ž͵ˣǶҪԶһЩСҲףɲܶţھһҶȥЪϢˡ
л־ƽл־Ҳֻô޶ؼȥˡ
ܣ극Ǿͳȥ꣡
ɣģЪϢ
Ҳǣ
ֵ˵ŻһլлֺǺǵĿߡ
ǳˣǣҲ˰໥ڰլŹ˼ꡣ
л־лһ֣лһֱʾԼߣǱͳһʾ뱧ţΪʱѩ´ˣ
ѩƮڵϣһ˵ϣôְĸо
лһְſڱ˵ļϲٷˣִʱٿѩǲ˰ɣ
ص֮л֦лһ־ͱݸϴ˯ȥˣСӿɲȱ˾
лһּһůıһ˯ 
ȣͻ̫Сֵס˯ⲻˡ
һ
һѩ£ҪСһЩӶһƬããģҲûӰ쵽ǹϲ졣
ѩ׷
һľլȥ·˲ٴ񣬶СԼլˡ
磬ð
ãҪȥӰȥ
ǰҲǰ
԰
ЦݵĴڿлһֵʱ᲻Խľ̾СӿŸ˺ö࣡
壬ãϲ˼˵ԼˣлһӤʵС¶ϵ΢Ц
ã
˵ŻԼլȥ
лһ˵ĴɵĵлСӳãǲ˵ЦССأ
ҼҺӳҲȻлСӳеס
Ȼˣۼţߣ
ģˣûա
лլ
Ѿͺˣϱһ˾Ϳʼӡ
лһҲҪæȴǱлүӸֹˡ
Ů˵Ļƣжүү˵˵
лһ֣˵ֻǴҪˣ˰ȵɣȵĵкҲá
緹ʱ½½ľ˹ˡ
˼ҹϵǲڹһ죬ֻҪֵ̫ĶȥתһȦݸꡣ
л־ƽл־ֵܳ극ҲźӳȥתȦİȥˡ
Ȼŵֻл˺лһ֣Ůǲŵġ
лһҪŽһȥһȦڿ֦лڵʱҲûˡ
л֦ʱǼĴ˴кȥģŮҪڼæɻģ㲻ðæͲˡ


21 
СİãүĸͳȥˣһȥǴ峤ҡ
л־ƽźʱ򣬴峤Ѿ˲ˡ
峤ð
Ӵ־ƽ־ˣϽ峤ϱ͸Ͻӭ˳
ɩӹð
ã
ݺ˴к
˲ٰð
ãã
һ˭ڵļ黰
һһ컹Ҫ鷳ˣǾ治¶ˡ
ѹǮ峤óͭ˺лһ֡
лץҪл־ƽһϽ£峤˿мǾ͹˹ĲΡ
лһСüͷԼǰ˰Ӱ£̡
лл峤ףͼ֣⣬彡³ɣͯһ죬ϾͰ˵Ŀⶼ˹
峤ϱ˫۶ˣлСӶĿãͺͻɢͯƵģⳤĺã˵ЦҲÿôôá
⺢˵ӣװóԵģԵĺӶͣлһֱ͵ĵطǿڴ
лһһС¶˳Цĵллкñ峤иˣ
峤ϱһֵĵǶϲ£ˡ
˼Һ˵ĴŽкϲ˰
һˣ͵ҲˣһԱ󲮽ıŵøڴҲ˲ٳʳ
Ҳ׷׿佱л־ɵź˵ԼҶӾǺá
⣬ˡ
˵ô̹أԭǴһô˵黰Сͯ˵Цž˽
лһʶȥϵʱ򣬻ҵţء
Ȼүүȥл񣬿Ҳ鰡
лһִԼ׵ӭȥãһֺøˣ
úúããһֺ涮¶Ͱлһָˡ
Ǹˣڿлһ־ȻרӭԼʱ͵Ŀһˡ
峤ðлһ峤ʺá
峤Ҳк
ˣٵȥתתл磬һɣұСأһͲˡ
ɰҲĹˣһɣ
˵Żл־ƽл־վ
峤վǣ峤ϱĶ졣
ӹŵ׶ʤ׵ǰģôһͱأȥҪҪ˵˵أ
峤ӺЩȥ𴦰˵ǺúӣǺúӰ
֪˵лһֵģ˵˵ġ
лһֻ֣Ҫ͵кӵģ˵Ͳˣߵ͵Ҳ˰
ӵһҿʼлһֵĿڴԽԽġ
ͭСʳ
ԼĹӣǿ飬һЩ׻ָĶУʱһ;ȻһС롣
Сûó𣬾ȻôࣿݰѶӵСڴɾЦһ䡣
ͽԣлһְСл֦ǰһƵ
̫ˡ
л֦һӾЦ˻㲻ԣܵܳԣ
ܵŽ㣬ãԺҪܸܵĺóԵĲС
һԿһĻлЩζ
һСܺԼ׵ܵһȥģܵܵĿڴҲУǲлһֵĶ࣬ؼǸСøڴ󲮵Ļûͣ¹һֱڳԸͣ϶ʣࡣ
ο˴ĿڴҲͲ˭ͺģҲޣл˵Ȼл˵ģлԵġ
Сӣͽ棬䣬ȥˣȥӳԣЦųȥȥˣתһ磬϶ˡ
лһֵԴеʣ˵һϻЦһϣЩڸˡ
㣬ҿˣ
֦㲻ùˣҸлĵĺˮ棬лһֵĻϾ͸Ҳһ롣
ӹˮһǣζ
˴ˮлһֵһԶ
׬ģлһʳЩĵġ
лҲ׼ӵĲԣҪ͵ġ
лһıڴģҲ࣬źÿ࣬ҪǶѺӵĿڴˣǻ治лһΪĺãҲ˵Ƚϲ԰ʱŻᱻôС졣
лһЦŵ㻹ҿɶƽʱҽչмӣԵлл㰡
лһֺǺǵİһлһֵһࣺҲˣ
ÿ
лҲл־ƽˣĸΧһС죬ԳԺȺЦЦģֺ
Ȼʣ챻СøװԼڴˣҲûӰ쵽˵ĺ顣
رлں֮ܶ뵽꣬Ȼ̵Ŀģһֱֿġ
ѩͣ
ʮϾͿʼµѩһֱµͣ£ȥѼҵ뷨Ҳͱѩˡ
ڴģҲûʲô顣
תۼ䣬˴Ҳлһȥѧõˡ
ѩȻͣˣǱȴһЩûлģϾ̫䣬һһļҪˮɱˡ
·ߵѩһЩûģ·ϵѾɵĲˣǱ֮ǰ·Ҫƽ̹ˣΪ·Ͻһıֱֻ򻬡
չ꣬·ϵ˻࣬·治̫ߣлүߵϵʱѾǸʱ֮ˡ
ӼıȽ磬ϵʱô
ү϶ðһ·û治С
ѧòԶһҲ̯үȥһ裬Ȳڼı
ƹĻĵĸһС̲ˣһ֪ﾭ˹ôɣүٱʾл
뿪̯ʱлͭ壬ҲȱǮȻǲռ˼ұˡ
ѧſ
үʱѾˣҵĽһȻˡ
СˣһǲǲأǹˣСžӭк
һĵԴЦŵСô˵أˣ
лүүǣһĵֱͬʱлʺá
лô簡Ƚȥˣÿǣ
˵壬ҲСӣԺٲʹֻҪܾй
лһɻĿ
ѾŶлѧˣںСĺлһֽ͵ϴܻȥˣҵ˷ӺöΣԣҴͷʼҪܾҪҵȣ
лһˣЩĳļ򣺡ȻСҲü˵İ
ǵ˭С
ֻлһֲûиĻᣬ̧žǰĴȥ
ˣҪȾͲºˡ
һбˣһ˷ڵ
ҲˣӼˣվǴ˸к
лһֿǰʩ񣺡Ӻã
лһһ˹
ˣ


22 
˿ȥԭǸںЩ׵һ߹ģſȥˣлһһסûײȥ
ӲŸһվȣæʺã򡭡Ӻã
ֻûѧⷽէѧ֮ЩĲǵķЩЦá
ӵˣ˵ǾͿʼɣ
׼õģ٧֮ѰΪ񣬷ֱΪ۲ˡӡ춹ӡԲ Ȼˣ׼ЩҲ⣬еĽġ
۲ԢΪڷܺѧΪ࣬춹ź˸յ˼ȻΪߣԲΪԲѧӽ̵𾴵˼ˡ
һʦһлһˣҶ׼˰ʦ񣬵Ȼˣÿӵá
һͬһλǶʮƣƿȻһĺӺһѧʱ൱мġ
ӾȻôСĺӣ
һͲף˵ʲôһһҪˣǲŲֵأҪ֪ҲֻӵѧóţĽġ
ȵְ֮ǲܺСһġ
ֻǣܿƾ֪Լ뷨жôɡ
ʦ֮и˶ʱӦȻӻյֵӦİ࣬ȻȻһ˰ࡣ
رƵҵԭ Ӹ˽ͣһǵа档
СѧϰȥһˣлһѾڼﱳ־㹻࣬ԺȼͬҪϧ˵뿪ˡ
Ҫ˼İأСҪʮԺѧʹ඼ǰġ
һ뿪лһ־Ϳ
ֱۣȻСĵҵĴΪţ˰ɣ
лһ֣ȷʵͦ㣡
лһֳֻΪҪأ֪˺ԭǱ㰡
һʮˣСľˡ
ĸ˽⣬СһξȻٻֱ˰ָ࣬˶ٺôأ
ͬѧˣմлһֵĹ⣬ȻԼҲ֪
Ϊлһ챳־ΪǷС﴿˷ݣڿ֮Žѧһࡣ
˵㻹ƣմлһֵĹ⣬СһʱǱġ
ֻ˶ӵ뷨Ȼлһֺͱͬѧ 
԰Щ϶ʮģľͺƵĶʮˣ͵˭ҲϲһС氡
ѧѧģɲӵġ
˵ˣļûĸӵģû˭Χȱܺӵĺòã
Ϊ˱鷳кҲģй뿪ѧúʷȻҲˡ
ÿ뿪ǰģѰͬ໥Яʲôģͱˡ
ôͬСʲôϵ
лһֹµ
µ
į
į

£
Цôˣôܻ¹
ο߻һһֱ˵Ҫ͸оʲôˣһһ˵
ЩͬûģҲܹ˻ѧϰˡ
ǰŻʱѧķ己ôһۺϣȻľͻˣлһֵĽ˵һǡ
˵ģΪҪиǰ̵ģҲˡ
лһźͯĺü䣬ų˵꣬ѵõס
ĳڰ֮Ŀ˾üĿ
ÿ»һ壬֮ǰһοˣοˣǧֺΪ
˽һ˶Щѧ˲𣿵õһľȻǸӵëͷС
ľСлһֺ㣬ϣҲ뷨 ŬһЩˣǼСĸֵ
ӼŵͬջˣֻôûпС
ر˿㾹ȻҲӳˣǽڶİɡ
ҲǷǳġ
ͬʲôĹȻΪ
СûʲôɷģСӣ൱ ˲ˡ
лһ֣ڱʱڱؼҵʱһڱ˯֮ǰٱ֮ʱͬڱ
ôıУȻܹӼСȷʵߡ
ǲʵ
лһֵΧǹҪ׽𰸾ǣܡ
СҲƢĺǴûаӴƢ 
ǵģлһ־ʹѧãûжһָͷ
ÿζǱ˰лһѧϰ
˰ѵлһڱ顣
˰лһĬ
ˣ
ӵ̫ǿҪǷӿС֣϶ˡ
ֻҪǷӲõģһɵǸǱ飬
ѧ޵ѧлһȴ
ϲľˡ
򵥰
ڿϣӸ˵걾ڿݣлһ־ͻˡ
ҽȫǶԵģӶĺȻǸӿˡ
־ʲôģͻᱳлһ˵ֱŲ̫򵥡
һ˵ģľ
ӴˣлһֿŶۡ
ûһڿǲġ
ԼҲ൱ưһʹﰡҷһΰɣ۾ôѧ
лһһ⺢ѧ˰
ѧɲǺ¶Ҫ˵ĻԺĿҲܵӰġ
ˣѧȥεķӾͺţЧҲ
û뵽λˣðᡣ
أ̫ˣ
лһǳ򵥵⣬һҲᡣ
лһ֣Ҷ㣬署ģˣ˭
ⲻǽ¶
лһֵ˹˷ϵ⡣
Ҫ˵лһְﲻϾ죬ǱеЩ϶ԼŬģͬ
лһھѺ϶һϿڣǵƤûҲˡ
ʾⶫȱλס
лһһ飬˵Ǵʵ
һҿлһָ˼˵
ЩƵ˵ұʲôðһǲᰡ
лһָ⣬ֿŶʶֿʶǺ൱İ˰
ͷ
лһ˵ոձ۳һ
ͷʼ˳лһЩͷۣİ취ˣҪУҲûа취
ڣİѿھˣȻÿζҪ˳һ飬ڽϲ˵ģȻˡ
лһһٺҲ⣬̫ѵˣ
֪ԲأԱ߾ѧ
лһıԼ߱Լ׳룺ԼҪõĶУܱƵıˡ
ȻȷʵǺӡ
ȴ˵ţˣ
ʲô
̫ѵˣȻˣҲû뵽鰡
һôĺòã
ɪҲû˭ˡ


23 
ࡢ١ǧѧϰȷǳ죬ӽҲϸлһֲڸϵ⡣
һлһԶԶıеͬˣǾ֡
̫СӲд֡
д֮⣬ڰлһѾˡ
ǣȴǷдɡ
Ҫ֪ڿƾ֮·ϣصľëˣûкõ壬ܿҲῴһġ
лһֵǲżôҲΪԼãС̫ܵ˺
ÿһ׵ͻ͵ӵѧãӣлһ־ܾΣһҲûãлүҲôֵ֧ġ
ؼʱѣһ첻ɻҲȽŹѧҪ
ӣһ־꣬лһת۾ˡ
лһִһСɳΪ꣬ҲˣٱҲСˡ
лı仯ܴ󣬺˵лҵСˣڴͷһӺͶҲŵǱûּҵʱ׽ˡ
ֻʡԼõһӶҲȴǲûб䣬ˣʵÿĻһӶЩˡ
Ĳ˵ֻÿ٧ӣڸӵҲٵģЩ֮ǰҶҵллҾпò
ԽлһӾԽǽͷϣлһʱܳһ⣬ƽƵ̲˸ټһƮҰĭӵˮ
лһֽһпѧҲԽмӡ
һ£ֿʼæµˣл־ȴȻҪȰ͵ٻȥɻ
 ذɣҺһѧãȥҪµأ
л־һһȥȽſ죬㱳ôص¨𣬵㱳һǲѧˣҲЪѧдְ
л־˵ţҪӹлһı¨
ķʳīֽŲأһ·Ȼ䣬лһֵĶͷȴѾðˣл־Ҳ 
лһЦŵ ۣõˣǰˣЪͻȥɣ·Сĵ㣡
֪ˣл־ֻӦȻվԭأȴһֱлһֽѧ֮󣬲תȥ
̫æˣôȥºܶƣũæʱ򣬶ͶѧȻԼŻȥܽʡһЩȥʱ 
ڷлһֺһԼѧãл־ǲͬģлҲͬ⡣
ũôˣ￼ҪĶҪ
лһȻÿ춼ȰȰģȰʱˣһͬأ
ȻѾȰ˻ûͬ⣬û취ʵ̫СˣֻܼȰˣһü˷ĵһǰϵģӦò̫Զ˰ɡ
һ֣ǽȥɣȥˣ
߰ɣ
ѧſڴлһվһֱл־뿪ıӰ˲ȥ
л־ͣͺˣȻҲײү·ͬѧѧ൱лһֵģ˭˵һģлһ˵һһɤӾͳȥˡ
ҲΪ⣬ûٱѵ⣬Ǽҳ㷹ˡ
ԴˣֻǶԼĶˣ·¨Ӷ壬ұӴҲˣͬģû𣡡
лһ֣Ϊëò൱أ
ͬѧһֱȰлһֻܴӱĵطҲһˣһúѧϰ֮ġ
óīʱľͣΪӵ̫Ѩϵˡ
лһǰһдֻ֣дİʶֵĿ˶̧Ӵˣ˵Ƿλˡ
 ֻҪдֵʱܵðѷĲᣬ˭дʵ̫أ
㣬дʮ֣תһȦͣʵ
ǣӣͬѧС֮ССˣַԼֽϵʮڵҲɭ
ǣȷʵд֣ҲأΪʲô˼д֣ԼдľǴڵأ
žžĴ𣬵Ȼľ 
£ӽͣס̾Ϣһ˼򵥵Ĵдúöɣ˲ѧ֪
ǣӣѧ֪ˣЩ仯۰
ãԱߵСֹһɨһۣһϾˡ
¿һҲˮģʵʵĽߣƵͷװ棬Ӳżȥˡ
ͬѧĿһлһ֣Ȼ۵ϧ
лһҲô
СĵӽҲҪʼдˣߵζܣ㵽ʱɱޣҲЦģİɣ
лһЩЦõ룺ллˣǹĹԼɡ
Լᰤ᣿ЦذɣǰôҲдֲˣȻǸ֡
ֻǣæʼдֵʱлһֲ֪Լ뷨жôĲȡ
лһִӽ쿪ʼҪʹһд֣տʼӴһҪעƣպһҪһõϰߣõļִָѹ֣㿴ġ
ӽĺϸʾĺܱ׼лһĸ൱档
Сʱ󣬵д˵һë֮лһֵЩˡ
Ϊдġ̫ˡ
ԼŶһ򵥵һ֣ôôŤ
ӵǻοտʼдҪ̫ļӷٵգһҪע⣬Ժʱһдһ֣㣡
Լõѧˣɲܴˡ
лӽ̻壬ѧ֪ˣлһֿԼдëëһ֣ƵĲɭ
ΧһۣڿƵͬһһġʱͻȻﲻЩп
⼸˳˳ˮԼ˰
ԣͣԼȱ˶һĨ䣬Ƶģʵأ˰
֣лһֵǰδеΣС
Ͷˣлһһ֪ˣԼڵǹŴһжİģǲϤģͬʱҲǺִͬġ
һҲдãԺôȥţôԾŵ״Ԫأ
һСĽڼ󣬱˵ͣΪʲô ѧܹѧɡ
Ȼͳ𣿣
ԲܣУȣ
֪֮䣬лһ˺ܶ࣬䣬˵Ӿͺ͸ոյļҲͬˡ
վԱ߿ţĵͷӹȻл۸ģһĹܽѵð̫ѵˡ
ҪѧҲôĵĻ̫ˣ۾ƲһƮ㣬ˣõļһӵˣôôأ
ġʲôأ
㱻ӵһæҵĵϣϾд
˼ҶʼϰˣһﾹȻٴһСӡ
һæڿհֽѾ˺üīˣֻҡͷȥѧˡ
лһҲʼˣϣСҲܶЩİɣҲˣҲǲô죿


24 
˵лһֻͦа취ġ
ֻԺϲ˾ܿһлһֵԭ ȻӲûйʣҲ֪ǲҲа취һֻܵȵȿˡ
취УҲЧԴлһҲʼ֮ͺΪֱˡ
ֻǣСǿŵʱȽ϶ࡣ
Ϊ۰
ǰǱӵĽߴۣʹлһֿʼۣ֮۵ֱۡ
ΪлһΪܹдô֣ȣ⡢ִϷֱ˴󹦷
ƽʱϰʯ飬ΪĻˣ鲼ʯͷһͲõĻĥˣֹڸտʼʱΪ˲Լ̫УëϷһöͭǮ
ôһЧԺãлһֵĴȻŸտʼд˸¾ͱȰĲдĺúܶࡣ
˾Ͱ㡣
Ȼͬѧˣлһһģһļʲһס
ᣬҲǺõģӵԭǣн˰дĲܿˣϳˣ
㣺ǿô佱ζأ
ðɣīʲôĶǺʷͬѧҲᡣ
緹ȻѧСԵģԼķʳùȥȾܳԣзÿ˸յˮ
ֻǣڳԷʱлһһϢ ǳĲܵ
˵𣿽ȥμ۵˸ˣͻʱ򶼸ɰˣ˵⻰ɽ
ɽһԸɱĺƽͣһ½ӻģ
ǿɲҵʱ˵ģӦͻȥ˰ɣﵱۣÿ»һˣϢȷʵ
ƽЩеһ䣺֪ʲô𣿡
ҡҡͷûʣҵһȥˣôˣôʲô
ƽˢľվ߱˵Ҽȥҵȥҷӣ
ǸһҵģƵðôһ仰ģҲ˵
˿϶ΧģƽҾӱϵĺμҴ塣
ۣ
лһ뵽ԼңǼﱻ̯۵Ļ
ͷȻһˣ
񣬼ССĸô죿
磬лһֵһϿˣҺΣڷӲõҵʵ֪ġ
ƽûϿΣ˵ȥٻؼˣ˵ĻҪڼﶡǣûлμӿƿˡ
磬Ӹһ뿪ãлһȥ
ܻ˵ôʲôǣܲˣСӾȻһҪ죡
лһûʱ˵ͷһ˿̫õԤС
һֱרĵѧˣȻôҪˣ⼸Щ쳣Ϊ۵ģǱԭ
л־·߶ţлһֺܹˣæվ
ѧˣ߰ɣѶţл־лһﱳı¨
лһʵۼȥ۵𣿡
ô֪л־һ㶣¶˶Ŷӵģô֪أ
ˣ
ԭֻǲ²⣬ڱˣлһֵͷЩζ
ۻҲһƤл־ƽõʱ׿ԣǸʱµĲ
ҪǵȥĻҲΪʲô⼸ĳˣȻСС
СӣСӣл־СĺĶӴûмл־ˡ
лһֵԴһƬհףԼ΢Ļ
˻лһʵȷʲôʱȥ𣿡
л־ҡҡͷ峤û˵ϴǰȥģһȥһ࣬ѾȥһˣֵˣСӣǿ׳أ˹
ǲöӵԲûἰģú֪ˣл־æοŵ
ĻƭС࣬лһֿ֪жۡ
 ҪǳΪţǼҾͲȥǰɣлһʵ
л־οĵȻˣԺҪҶˣ
Ժ
ܵԺ
лһֱǴĿģڣʵ֪ûʱˡ
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л־Ͻӹɣ߰ɣȥأ
ֻлһֲûкһؼҵ·ߣתͷѧȥ
лһ֣ȥҷ˵¶һ
㣬ܣл־ΨһĵľԼӻˤӣ̫ܵ죬Ͻѵ
лһͣŤͷ
ѧſڱű¨һǵĿԼĵ лһֵıģͷЩ͡
ǰԼһˣûֱ˷ͷϵĸо
ӳڣһֱڽż΢Ĺĺ۳裬ûΪʲôڣֵΪҳһˡ
 ңеģлһִĺ
֪һֱ֪л־Цŵ
Ļлһһ˦ͷתŴȥʱӿ϶ڴΪЩѧԱ
Ȼлһڴҵ˷ӡ
ɫЩӵĿлһ֣ո˵ҪתҪμµԣ
лһĵǵģӳȫ
ϣһס
֮ǰСѧһ䣺 ʲôμһͨԲ⣬ڻǷȱ˵򣡡
֮ѧĿأ⺢ʮ꣬ʮŻɱ˲һУлһ־һԡ
ڵлһͻ̫Сܲܶǲġ
лһվֱطӵĻ´εֵҸѧֻһ㣬죬ÿ춼ϴ棬ѧΪ˳Ϊ֮ģ
֮һˣüͷΪ֮ӣдТģϷο
лһһţӻͷһתֻǣҪ֪ͺͰȫͬҵӣѹʹЩʮѧҲһܳԵοСٹһ꣬һ֮󣬷Ӷ࣬ɷ񣿡
лһֵӳȫ!
ѹ
ѹסǰ˵ҲٳĿԣ
ͣ
Ǹˡ
ôţҪѧϰôڰˡ
ϵȥðգǼҵð
ӣȷˣúһ𣿡
ãһ͵˵ģӣͬ𣿡лһԼȷˣҪǷӲͬĻѾ˾ȥԱˡ
֮û뵽СӾȻôҲգЩܰѧϰ
㶼˵ˣϷȻ㾡Т࣬ʲôϷ򣡡
лһֵĴǰҲûģԷӿһҲͬˡ
лӣлһٴεл
֮ãԺûôˣ򲻿ɽ֪𣿡
ǣӣ
֮ڰлһȻؼȥˡ
лһ뿪ıӰ̾Ϣһ治֪ԼôͬǰǺˡ
Լѡ·Լ߰ɡ


25 
ڻ·, лһ־ͽԼҪȥ˵ˡ
л־ֱ֣֪ҶǴ, ȥ
ɣлһֺǺǵӦš
һ߸ŵһһ, ԺҾͲܺһѧѧˣ
лһֵ㣬Ժ·ҪԼ߲Уûѹûж, ԼԵģ
㣺Լš
лһһ֪һ˼, ѧǿһģǷѧʱҪǰߣĻڰѧ, Ȼһߡ
һ߰, ҾڰٶЩʱ, 㣬ҿ㣡ͬѧŵ
лһһ֣ǰô㣡
ǣ˭ܵĿ죿
˭˭ܰ
ܣ
˵ܾܣһǰȥ


, ܣл־ű¨ں첽š
ڶһ, ɫ, лѾ緹ˡ
лһֽֽ, ֵ, кܶǶ, һΪҪһЩҪãüԲͷһΪҪƻõġ
һʱ˵Բԣ, лһҪЩ֮һϸļƻ
Ϊ˵Բ˵УȻڵֻк
СӣСӣ洫ͬѧĺһ·ϰ·ϵı˴顣
лһְѱ¨ߣӦˣȥѧˣ
һ£̧ž߽ݺܿͳˡ
ЩǮȥҪõ飬ҪʡţԼţ϶һǮʱлһֲԭѾ׼ˡ
ǰҲǮлһûнӹΣлһûƴǵ
лһ Ҳһģ
ٵ黹Ҫģּ̣黹кôģֻǶںصͲôˣʱϲԣ
οĵҶǶµģ߰ɣȥѧȼ˰ɣ
лһЦЦ͵һߵ˴⡣
ү
ʰôԽԽأ۾
л־СӲͣӽ쿪ʼǸȥˣһҲã̫ϣ
⵹ǣУǸ·ɣ
лһֺ˱ű¨ȥ
л־ݺһֱ͵˴ڴֱֱĶʧıӰ
̾ӳˣ·ҪԼߵģһ飬Ҳ̫ˣ
ǸҾǿͻˣл־Щǣ֮лһԺҪϴΪɲȥˣ˵˵ͬˣڿŶԼ·ͷرζ
ϰ߾ˣСҰ˵ģذɣ

ŵģֻǲһͷЩڵҲܿ׵ӣӵӰͿˣͷǿһĨڵģʲôɿİ
ۺ۳л̫ټˡ
ҲţԼǲǶԶ̫ˣҪԺἸҲǲС
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лһںȥʱķ֮һʱ򼸺ǳ˼
ʱ·ǰ˰ʱ
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˫ϥڴڵĴϢлһֵĻһӸ˵ˣȻӵĿлһۣȥ
ԼСԼѧϰãðοԼоֱˡ
۵ͷ󺹵ʱϵı൱ӣѧôˣΪһ뽲õѧǵһΡ
ǺлһһΣֻԼ
лһѾȥϴˡ
ΪôˣôܱԼСأ
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ͬѧĬĬԼšһң¨һԣ鱾Ϳʼѧ
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ӸеĿлһֵİر
ǡʫѧӹӡڴͬҪҪѧ顣
ڴིõķϻı飬ΪϾʱԼ˽ġ
ıֱǡɷ͡󴫡׾
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ڷ˵ϷŵıϾʱ򿴿˽е˵лһǲͬġ
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лһȻ˵Լصľɷɷ͸ԺԿĿ϶ԼϾǰͽ̫
黹ҪģӷϰȽȫҲ㣬οЩ黹ǳղؼֵҲȻлһֵǮȫˡ
ӣǷȱ̫ˣֹʱ䣬֪ʶŽ֮һСĻԴġ

ҲգȥøŽϵģӦˡ
ǣѧ֪ˣǮؼٴлһ֪Щ鲻ˣһǮ˵
ӣˣȥɣȱ٣һ㲹ϣͰĵѧУĲùˣ
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һֱܶԺ֮Ȼ̾飬ʱֻǵĺһô飬ᱻǨŭͳеһСУȴû뵽лһǶøжˡ
лһ뿪˺ÿҲûٹģֻҪлһֻ֤ʦ˶ҲȻΪһμѻ
ʱлһȴѾһҳֽļƻкˡ
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˶⣬ɷֻ΢ܿУõôʱȥ
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һһĶһʱǷӵʱлһǲൽģЩȸϣԷӾ͵ʱ⡣
Сһʱ˸µʱ лһ־͸˴ĽȣͨͬҪǿ
ʫлһøµʱ䱳ˣһ÷Ҳѧϣһ֡
⺢ܳԿ࣬˵˵ġ
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ȻˣҩֲռĽǣĶ˺ܶ࣬ϡҩıʮݵģڸϵ߲ˣ£ڼŸϽȣҲûжʱȥʰˡ
лҲûʲôģżθڵʱŲ˺óһ㣬ȫ
˭Ҳ뵽˵Ŀζͼÿæѧлһйذ
תָۣǿȵѧϰһȥˡ
лһַǵûб۵˺ܶࡣ
չ겻ãһ䣬ЦĿڽѧοЦЦ
и¾³ĺӣ²طǵϿΣԼڼпǰȥ׼ԣǰףȸߣ
лӣѧԱл
һ϶ڴҪ³ˣ͵һˡ
ڽлһִ˵ˣĬĬд˴֡
ӿд˲ŵһִֵг࣬ġҪУ
лһְīźõѧʡãȥõʱһȥ𣿻Ҫ̷أ
ӵͷԣҲҪȥΪͬ޲ɣ
ˣοĵ
ѧûа׽̡
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֮ǿʼ˿ƾ֮·ô͸Ҫˡ
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һЩԶͬǳ⣬Ҳûж˵ÿ˵뷨ͬοСͬӱź۶࣬
գۼ䣬³
л־лһȥãͬȥĻԼ֮ͬǰԼ˳ͬеġ
֮󣬾ͿѾв˵ˣҲһЩˣΧϵѧõķӡ
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ֻϣԼѧҪĵͼɣֿ⼸ѧȻһá
лһֵͬҲ뿪ˣҵסĵطǾýϽĿջлһҵĿջǱȽԶģΪȽϱһЩ
л־үջ߱ߵǲҵ̫ԶˣҪҲһ䣿
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л־һ⻰еҼСӴ
лһֺǺǵŲ˵
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лһĿջǶ¥ĵ䣬һŴһѶź֮л־Ϳʼʰ
С˯ϣҪʲôͺ͵˵ȥ򣡡
лһ֣ȥ˯ҸͷС˯һ
л־ͬ⣺ĻҪԣɵúúϢЩ˲
лһҡҡͷ
ȵˮɣţԺл־ˮ
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һҲţǲŲˡ
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л־лʲôҶӣ϶ã
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лһְѴķˣõʱҲû˵һʱļС
л־ӵӻһ䣺ôɫǿ㣡
лһ֣ʱԷǻؼҰɣ
ΧĿĿ࣬ŲŶԣѵǲͬһÿ
ɣл־֪˵ʲôŵġ
ͻȻڼˣлһôһ˵š
죬Ҳڵļ
л־ǲѹȥҲã˻˵ҪûĻҲûߡ
лһ֣뷨ѾˣˣҲˡ
ĶҪؼңͲȥü˰ˡ
磬үȥջʰ˼Ͼظϡ
ôҲһãôҲø˴źãҲǸ⡣
үһ·һֱߵʱߵҡ
ݴŵɲǣˢľ͵
һ!лһЦŵ
˺ãǽܻϽϴȥѲ˸ȣݰүýæȥȲˡ
л֦Ҳ·æ
ү̻ʵĳһȺɰݸۻˡ
ԣҭţ
лһֵǼﷹóԣ
Ե㣡

ֱһ죬һ˲ЪϢ
л־ӿԵϱ˵ˣֿһ˯š
ڶһ磬л־ͳȥܲˡ
ͨԣлһָȷ˶ҪԣǶĲȻɲС
ܲлһһĺ
ô㴩ô٣СĶˣл֦緹ͿֻܵһЩˡ
ô죬ôٻ˵á
лһЦЦ㣬ᶳŵģ𣬶ˣ
ˣͳԷˣһܵܶˣﻹ˼ȥ˵ģæȥʰԷ
극л־лһһȥլ
лû뵽ô磬˵˺һлһְõ˵һ飬Ȼˣֻ˵ıȽһģ˵ġ
л˺һµȥˡ
лһִڼЪһ죬ڶȥϡ
л־һʹͶȥϣлһִ˲ôҪȥͷ˵һġ
лһּԼһ˿ԣл־ȴġ
Ҫ˵һ𻹺õ㣬ֻжһˣôܷأ
ֻǣүǰŲҪӣӭһӸ
ո뿪үʱһǰˣһүλ̨ǰºӴ𣿡
л־˵ͷǰ˭
Щ˶رһ˵ġ
˵ϲģϽģ׼һ£ˣ
л־ɻĵϲʲôϲ
лѧһ֣ϲͯǰţҵȵôʾǰϲ
桭ģл־ˡ
ʲô̫ףȴԼҶӵˡ
ˣ˰
лһּ׵ԭ׵һιȥˡ
ǰϲ۵Ҿлһ֣ͷλϹ룡
ϲһϲû뵽ȻôɵˣΪ˲ڳȻȷһ£ºӴлһ֣ĳǣ
ѧӣлһЦЦ
ܹôĺʵǿȡġ
һֱӾˣˣϲлͯ
лλ룡
лһɵֵ׵ߡ
ϲˣԼͲ뿪ˡ
ϲϲºӴлһԵһϲ
ϲϲ
һ鱨ϲȥԶһºӴ嶼õϢ 
ԭڵæлҲ˷Ų΢΢Ļˡ
ˣˣлۺᡣ
л־ҲѾӼ˹һصҾ׼һЩϲǮϲ˿ҪϲǮġ
ȥõʱҲˡл־֪ġ
ϲǮĸۣ˵ˡ
ϲлͯϲлͯ
лͯպ״ʱ뵽ûȡǰ̨·
ͣ
ĸǰϲĲۣлһּˡ


26 
л϶Ķ˰, ۺӲŰ갡
İ, Ǵ϶ǵһ˰ɡ
Ĵϲ, ˲඼Χ˹
󣬻Ǵ峤棬ѴȰȥɻ, л徲
лһֿżһļ۾ͨ, 뻹ֱԵүүֻǵһֻͯţҪ̫ˣ
һЦлͻȻɫ𣿡
лһַүĽ͵ˣ֮ͯ, ֮Ҫٿ, Ժ, Ժ֮Ǿˣ
˵𣿡л⻰Ȼƽȶˡ
лһЦŵ˵ͷɲҪһۣǾͲпƾˡ
СӰ, ɶʱ򿼰ʵ
º, صڸ̨ţлһָűϲһͬ״Ͻ͵, ״дװ׵ġ
ֻ˲ʶ, Ȼ״ÿ˶һ, ҲֻǸŸ, ȴ֪ʲô 
лһֽ꣬ż
ǲҪȥ̨, ൱ġԶȻǲʶ֣
ֻһС򣬵лʱҲȥȻҲߵģǺӼ丮ûȥֻ˵ԶԶԶԼҲ֪
лһֵүүõģȥ̷ǰӼ丮ѧʶԨһ֪ģ
ԶԶԣոǾ˵ҪȥģǸϽİɣٵˣҪСȥܿţлһ
ʵǿү֮ǰ˵Ҫȥϰݷ÷ӵģֻˣȻǿŵģɲС
ο˰ȥ̫ˡ
˵û¹ѧĻôܻôĳϢ
л־Ӧţã
ǿţԭʹȥŵģֻҪʵЩˡ
ѧ
֮лһֹʩ
лӽ̻֮
Ц԰лһַЩнգҲΪˣ
һֱõѧ˰Цƶ˺üȴ֪
֮ЦģĿŶվһԵѧͣĵͷ
ʦţڸˣһжŬĽɣ
лһѧյ̫ˣһҲѧñţһֱֵڻϲ£졣
ѧźǰлӵ϶˼ֹʡ
ѧѵõģѧô£͸ѵˡ
ѧˣôܲأ
ãܺãǳã
ˣ̫ˣ൱ĸˣ
лһº͵Լʣӣһ̣
˵޷֮Цŵ
Ǹõģ˰ҲôǫѧȻѵá
лһֵǲ֪ԼӵʲôôˣԼҲġ
ֲ
ҪȥӼ丮ʷӴﵽӼгΣ״ҪʲôѧЩ֪꾡Ӵͽ̣лһֵ֮˵Ͳ⣬ţ߹һˣ͸ȷĽ
ӵȥӼͳ½·Ҫʮ죬ˮ·ĻֻҪ죬Ļ״·ҪϴѣϷ㾡ܵǰȥסһԺӰĹѧʣӼ丮꣬ʱ̫û·Σ谭ˮ·ʱް
лӽ󣡡˵ӵĻлһֺܴİ
˵ģ÷죬֪Ļߵ΢ˣпܾ·ˡ
ҪĻɾ̫ˡ
ӰڰڣûʲôҸƺӼ丮ϷͬѣѧǰȥӦϵ
˵ŽһԵһŵݸлһ֡
ƼŰлһж̫ܵˣҪôأû뵽Ѿźˡ
ƺպãּҲûʲôܰõģһЩ֮ǰϷ򳭵⣬ȥ˺Ӽ֮ʱԿ
лӣѧϸѧϰϤأǰæˡ
лһֻôһЩϿأŴûִⰡʲôġ
ڵãȫˡ
ӵżѧһݣһְúѧǰףͷ
ӼԣлһֺЦŽӻӴЦ
뿪ѧõʱһֱү͵ſڿ뿪ˣЦŻصѧá
үûϻȥһЩͬʱȥѯǰӼ丮ļǮ
½·Ļһӣˮ·ǸһЩÿ˰ӡ
ү˼ļǮЩϵıۡ
ȥ֮һһջˮ·
ȻǮߣ̰ܵдҲõ·߲ǣ
һ½·ۿ³ˣҪһ첻ܸ·ǲ浢ء
໨Ǯİա
ڣڼҲûôȱǮˮ·һ˾ͿʼΪү׼
ǵģ㿼Ȼл־
ôԶ·ԼȥˣĲ˵еİɣ
ǰϴͷСȥԣΪȥ氡ĵڼţȥң
Ҳֻ룡Ҳ֪ǲܵģԾûˡ
֪Ӽ丮࣬ݸүڣҪ꣬Ҳᱻܵˡ
лһֿڣȴĸࡣ
ʱɡֽɡС껹УҪ´ĵȷ棬ֽ˵öá
ֽɡ϶ӸڣҪȥãü𣿡
ҪҾûֽɡÿ˵ǲ ݿ˿ֽֽÿ
ڲȻȽϺʵȫڵֽÿ
һڸϷ·үһȥôãɲٴ·
⻰ʱͷԼĿ˵㻻ͻô¶
ϵ뷨ǣ˵ľǵĶϹ
ݱŵĻһ˵Ҳ֨Ŀʼ
ɡϵֽҲ˻Ծ˵ѣܿͻˡ
лһְɡӹԣͦ˳ġ
Ҫڲ̫ѾԺǰɡˡ
еĶһص˱飬ȷûĶˣȫװá
лһֵǳ˼顣
ҪԼٴһЩĻԼˣʱѶҩֲռһţǶڰ
ڵԼŰ꣬˿϶һߡ
أȫԼš
ȻԼлһֿҲͦصİ
̫ˣȥ͸͵ͷɣŶ׵۵лһһ˵Ͼͱˡ
лʲôӴ󲮺һ˿һ͹ȥˣùﱳĹͺúõĿԾУ
лһ֣үүĲһ£׵
л־ƽģֶȥҿ϶Ҫȥ͵ģʱȥ
лĵͷȻƣ»Ǻܿ׵ġ
׵л־žУһҲأ㿴һ˾
ᣬôԶ׼ġ
лһ֣׵˭Ӵ
ҳˣ¾Ͷˡ
ºӴĴǶ˴ڴС
лһȻ͵Ϊʷȫصһ͵ͯǿ϶͵ˡ
һ죬лһǰӼ丮


27 
л־ƽ͵ͷٴζһȻȥˣĻѾܶˡ
л־һһֱû˵, лһġ
Ǵɵ, ǸƽϵĴɩ, Ҳû˵Ļ
лһŵ, Ҫ, Լȥʹһȥɻ
һҪһȥ, Ͼܾ, ģ
˵, ߵʱл־ȻŰ߿á
ǿϵʹŸôƣл־ƽЩ, Ȼʱٲһ¼˰ɡ
лһЦһ£û˵ϵȥĻ, ֻ˵⻰, ҲҪϵתˡ
̴ÿ»й̶ļӼ丮ͺؿҲ˳·¶
ϵ˵ٹȥĻһܵϴ, ΪʱӼ丮ȥ̫, , ûôӵ
лһһ, ٽԵ, кö˶ҪӼϣȻʱҪһЩˡ
û뵽⴬Ȼֻںͣһ£ǳפġ
ҪҸضסʲôֱ˵ĵطƼһ°ڴϴˣ˵һ컹棬ǿˮ֮лһֳ˿Ҵ졣
Ҫǲҵ¶ɵĻлһ־Լܻᷢù
ҳڸأӼ丮ǳȥĵطǶôȥ׼Ͽĺӡ൱á
Сͯѧʣǳĺƣ˵ҲԴҲϲлһ졣
ҵضסʶˣȻ˵ǺӼ丮סĵطܶ࣬ǿջȽӣͱһԺӱȽϳõİ취ҸԺӣŶԺӻʵ󲻵ȥһѽȥʱЩˣ밡סջҲˣҪ֪һأǲǣ
лһ˵ͷȥأȻġ
ҼڴǱһԺӲǮ϶ǱסջҪˣǰɣŸ̨΢Զ㣬кܶѧԸڿջＷ˯Ҳѡ
еĻҪ߶ãҪһʱлһҲѡġ
ҵðʱܵ·رߣ
лһһЩˣʱ·ԶԼƽٰܲʱġ
Ŷʱ봬Ұæָ·Һ͵ȥ
û⣬ǵطǴĵضԲ˸£һϷ˵Ҳơ
лһֻ¶͵˵ʱл־ԥĺ˵һ¡Щ˲ǣȥСʱ˵кܶѧӲԸȥҲΪЩ˺׵ģҪǡ
лһֵôΪ
˫ģΰ˶ڵĵط¿϶١
ֻǴӴҵ̬ЩϿҲǷǳӭģֻҪǴȥ۸ĵȷ棬ǲܵġ
ȻҪʱ˵ĵطǿ϶ûǮүĴҲƵ֣ԴҲûҪǵ뷨ġ
ҪٵĻָϿСӸͲõѡ
ʿụ̃˾̻лһ֪̻ûʸμӿƿģʹǮⱲǲܺʿϱˣֻСҲôӭ϶ֻǱʾ׽˼
Ժûôһסѧн˵ģǷˣȻֿܼС
ƿǶľһ㣬ο紬ҲʵܹѡǱߵһΪˡ
лһ־ΪһŻѡһµġ
ȻˣĻܺϵ˵
лһ͵ҲȷסȥΧĻͼǮ ҪǺϰĻٿҲ١
л־һҲǣûٷȥˡ
лһִӴһմصʱ򣬻Щվȵĸо
л־ôûڴƵģضε
лһˡҲоǻߡ
ж̼һҲˡһôõĴɣԺ˾Ͳоˣл֣Ժӵ¶ʱȥ
ҽел־ȴǿлһ֣ڴ죬Ҳˣ⺢ӲŰ꣬үһʱ⺢˵ġ
л־һ۶ߵæȥСӣ˵أ
лһ֡ģ
õģлһȻᷴˡ
Цŵ˶أڴǹȥɣͷЩԶȥ
˵ŴҾԶһȥһ߹ȥ̧ž˳ǸϳҲûκŵ˼һ˰
·ϺʹĵĲлһҲ뱻ףʵңǰҪǮ
ҵлͯģǴԼģȥԺӰǮΪЩԶǰͰһסҲûգϳɣ
ǾˣлһˣŸĺӵ
ǺֿЦһµٺ٣λ˵
лһ֡ϳɣһλʵˡ
лһֲ֪Ϊϳĺʵڣűﰲϳɱ˻ûȥԺؾ͸ˣǻôЩǰƿѧ׽
һʱڵ˵ط
лһҲ֪ΪʲôˣҪԼĻ϶ǲῴģ̫Զˡ
һʱҪԼأһۡ
ͼǰһķӣŴվţ˴ľͱүá
лһüͷ漴ָĲͲ£Ҳ˼ұȳԴġ
л־ûôˡ
찡Ӽ丮ԺӶİ̫ÿˣ
ҵϲͺãǵ濴
л־ЩĿһ۶ӣ˼лһֿˣôõĵطܹɣ
лһֵˣǾ͵濴һ۰ɣ㲻סõԺӿҲ
λ룡үߡ
ˣſڵҲӭ˹
ҵյȴλлͯ·ӣǼԺŶ򿪣λѡѡ
ûⰡͿӦţСŽԺӡ
ʱл־ǵŵģһˡ
ԺӣÿԺŶǴġ
϶
л־ѾҪôľܾˡ
лһȴǵģѾ֪˴ǹס˼ˣȻΪǡ
Ժӷǳ󣬾ͿСԺл־۵Щ
Լһֱţòˣ˰æģһ·ɲ۵Ĵ
֮лһʡſڵԺӶǮ
СԺĲֲ࣬ſڵǸҪ΢Ĵһ㣬ҳҲ㣬лһֿ
ҵ˵Ǵסµģһ£𣿡
У
л־һסһ£ֱ
¾ӣټ·ϵӣʲôûɣһһصľȻʮˡ
лһҲЩۣȷʵˡ
ѹֶ˵ܿϾ˲ţֻסоͲһ˼ܳеġ


28 
ʱ򣬴Ӽʮ, ⻹ԣķ, ʱҶҵлǮȥһˡ
һ, ԰, Ҫ֪ƾһ;տʼ
Ժ뷨׬Ǯ, ҪʣµǵҵȥǵԾܼˡ
лһָ뵽ǳ˳顣
ԼҲ, ôŵˣ
ˣ
˼һ, ûʲô°, ˼ôأ
ҲˣðүˣѾ˵ˡ
Ҫ֪տʼʱ򶨵ʮһ, ˣûӹһ, ĳ, Ȼûˣǵˣĳѵ̫ˣ
һ, ܰ, ǶǴ˵, Ӽ丮Ŀջļ۸Ҳȥ˵, һҲһϡ
ԺӰ, Ӧ㲻Ϲɣ뵽æ
лͯҪҴȥȻһ飬ٵΧĿջȥ
Щջļ۸ؾ֪Ժӵĺô˰ɣ
лһֵԺͶ٣Ҳһ𣿡
գգۡǡҪ𣿡
лһЦѵ˵һڼۣ׼۵ģ
塭û˵׼Ժӿʮģˣٽۣ̫ðɣ
ҪȥĿջл־һС˳
лһֵͷ
æ:λȥ
лһ:ԼȥУôѾ˼ˡ
ⶼ˼ҵԺˣ鷳˼ȥͣͲ̫ˡ
:Ҳûʲô£߰ɣһᡣ
˵Цȥˡ
үҲҲ·ֻٴ
лһϸĿΧһƣҪǻܻȥĻЩһ¾ͳΪˡ
Ƿǳе֣ϧˣֻˡ
һƵĻǰȴֻ룬оֱˡ

̨Żǳ죬ھͽĿջһ¼۸лһˡ
̫̤Ĺˣ
ͨһʮ΢ķ䶼Ҫһ࣬ٴĸôһȣСԺ治
ϵһ£ȷȥСԺˡ
ǸԺΧԡ֮Ķ𣿡
һţ˵:㰡һиͦȫǴԼĶ˰ɣ
лһ:ܱ˵Ļð
ҲЦЦ:ȥһеĻٺ˵
ҪǲУҲû취ǣ
ͣлһûپᡣ
Ҳˣ岢ǵˣ˵˲㰡پҲûð
ү˴Ժӣܸɾ΢ʰһ£ֺǩ飬ҪȥʼǮ¶¶ʱȷˡ
뿪˷꼯ĵطһǷ꼯ӣүֱжȥ
ҪأԺȵĶ׼˲С
˵ϵĶȷʵͦȫģҲ࣬кܶǴҴġ
ǴƵ㣬ζûرʵݣǮɱԱ̲˻Ҫء
һ
룬
СĽ
ټ㡣
Щү׼ҪԵĶˡ
һ·лһֵԺҲһ뷨׬ǮȻǲ׬ˡ
ܾ̣һԺ˾Ǹ
ǿﻻﰡ
Ҹ㶫Ҷⲻо̰ɣ
ֻµԺֻԼʱٸɣϵԱ߿ţһóýͰ
ڶϣˣһû٣үĲ࣬㹻ˣҲʡˡ
һʽݣһһݡ
һ쿪ʼлһ־ûţһֱԺ飬
ÿϵȥЩԵķˣԼĳԣɿڡ
תۣ³ʮһǸԵӡ
ʱĺӼ丮һ꣬лһ׼ʱͰƵɡҲˡ
̨ʱɫЩŶӵȴѾһͷ
̫ˣĿⲻһǧˡ
Ӽ丮ͯ
лһŵĩβϵ˵:Ȼȥɣһžˡ
ȥҲû£һ𣬲л־
ȥҲһˣӣ˼ҵĶüˣСֻԼһˣȻҪˡ
ϵȥҲֵֻлһֵʱɫѾ
غ  лһ֣

Աߵıиͬʱ
лһ߿˿ȴʲôҲûпŶء
ǰЩӣл־Ͱӵź͵͹ȥˣλҲǵţҲ˻ôϾΪ˵Ҳзյġ
лһֵۿһǰɡЩ:ʲôĶ׼ˡ
Աϸ̫ˣһҲʹ״·ͨ˵ֻһ·ȥˡ
ֽī⡢ʳ͹ҹޱȶǸǰ׼õġ
ûмλɡģؼɡô
лһ:ĸѧ壬ҹɣɡ˼ĸݷݷ⣬˲Ŵ࣬纣
ҵȥʾ£һĺӽд磬ǻǼȸͦӡ
˼Ұ꿼ţԼ͡
𣬼ֱˡ
̨ˣһŹ֪½ɽԣһԾǵʷǫ
˽һ
½ɽ:˵Ǹͯĸ׸ɡţ
ۻֵ̿ĵͷ±֪˸ˡ
Ϊδã½ɽԿһԵǫ
ǫɫĵ:ТĿɼĳΪ£ɡ
ʷô˵ˣ½ɽԵȻɨˣб뷨ˡ
Ҫ֪ǫӼ丮Ϊôһͯʷ̨ǫ࿼٣ʷǰġ
½ɽ۷:˵ķǳϷҲôΪ£ɣ
ǣ뿪
ǫ:ϼһﻹôˡ
ͯһֺ棬ϣҪԼʧźãܾͰһˡ
ԭģֻ뵽ԭϲһĨڴ
ۼ鴦лһѾѼõ·´ãŸʩһ:ѧл£
˵ȥ
ĴСһģֻĶһЩ
īֽԷϣһһԣҪõĶˡ
ΧĺмѾˣţֻÿ˵ɫеСӡ
лһְɡһԣʼʰԼĶӶ§˼£ùζĿлһֵΧ
ζʵ̫ˡ
лһһ±ƵĿһȦȻΧĿɫˡ
ֻǣξֶһΪлһҲΪһǸĺӣСһ壬ĲɭȻôСɰ
:ɰʲôĶǸƣڿԲҪġ
ʱһ۾ڿߡ
εĸҪʫӡֱۣĬдº˵ǱԵ̫ˡ
һĿ֮лһ֪ԼĿƾ֮·ʼˡ


29 
һʫѶȲ, ֻȽϴ
лһ־ôΪġ
ЩͲΪ, һ֮, ͨƪ֮Ҳ, ЩӲʵ鲻˳ļһѾоͷЩˡ
лһûͷ, ҲǾ
ķˣڲݸֽ϶ʼ, лһֵľûͣµʱ
Ȼ, ˵ˮ, Ҵںȣۿ̣ǺȶˮҪһֱ, 鷳ַʱ䡣
ʡʱˣվʱ, лһҲðܳԾռһ, ȷûмɻͺãģҲ˲ˡ
˿лһֵԴѣٻĺӭԼ׵к
ٿΧĲֿ, ܶ໹ڷ¡
ѧû, ôܳأ
ϸĸ, ѧд, ѧС
˭Ҳû, Ϊˡ
˹ϳЧȡ
лһ:ܿôλֵܵıƾ֮·ˣûлᣬֻܿˡ
ֶдˣôҪΣҲ֪Ƕٴ¶Ҳ˵
СӣˣҪҪȥץҩл־ĵĿŶʡ
ǣʵĿ˲λܻı͵ҽȥˡ
лһֵ:һȥ˯ͻˣϹɼٿҪûֵĻؼҡ
Ҷһܹ˺ú˯л־Զ֮ŵĻǵлһЦЦ
뵽һ:𣿡
л־ͷ˼ĵ:ʶ֣˵ʶЩ͹ˣǲǣ
ȥҰд̸ϣܼ򵥵ġԺҲŽϵϼкôġ
ɣǵ̫ˣɱ顣
ϵһлһֱΪһԵƣһʧˣͷҲ˺ܶࡣ
Լֲĺӣɲ뷨Ҫ֪ǻӵģԺγϰߵĻԼɡ
ֽȥˣʵǲ̫á
лһֵ:һ
л־:УʱҺ㡣
лһ:ܾӵ
ģ
˵㶫Լļдȷϵʶˣлһ־ȥǰЪˣӲҪء
һɸһˣЩǵһԱ
лһһ˯ĺ㣬ȻһΣεǰĸ߿ˣԼоĲֻûпѯΪ׵ˡ
Сӣʱˣȥˡл־Ѿĵˡ
⺢Ҳû˯ôһ۵ġ
֪ԼҶأʵٲʱ̫ˡ
ģһȥڿ϶˶ࡣȻ˵лһҲѾˣԴҲ˺ܶࡣ
л־˹һ:棬ӦٵĶɣһаˣ˶ˣϽ԰
лһְ:Լȥˣʲôʱˣ
˯ĳûн㣬ڵʱˣøĸչȥأû£ȥˣطܻл־ǵһʱ֪˽ˣ˯ˣȥϢˣŰ۵ĶҪ硣
ֻûбҪͶ˵ҪΪԼˡ
ʵлһѾµˡ
ľĬĬİ˸ɾȻϴȥԡ
õĿԽر΢ĺǻлһĵ顣
̨ſ
峿ӵȣͿɶˣ̫ٵĽȫϣɫûг׵ء
ڶĿӺɡ
Ǵ徭ܳģؼǲ⣬ǰģпܽӵ徭Ļ仹ҪдԼ壬ϼѡ
ɣţȻĥɡ
һʱѰлһֳԷʱĥĿأ˻Բϵġ
վʱмİֽȻһƬٿǼλɫڵӾ֪ûˡ
Ժ˵㶫лһֵͷ˯ϵæڳѰ
ΪһҪһ¿졣
ٴαѣѾǵ졣
ûģлһֳɹ˵ڳһԵֻˡ
һǧˢˣѾòпˡ
Ŀʱлһֲ֪ʲôипᡣ
⣬ࡣ
ǣⶼǲ۾Ѷˡ
⻹㣬дĿ൱԰
̴´һûȫˡ
лһʺһ³˵ʮ˴͸ϽݸˣѹҪʱڳ˸갡
һ죬лһֳԴѰļٶڲݸֽ˳ϰѸ׼ù˲ͣȻ۵Ѳµͷ˯
ڶһ磬лһǱһǺѵġ
ҵľӰô갡
ôۺǳ
ꣿ
лһһԴһƬհ׵İԼľù˿
ã
ûʪǸɵġ
ӱˮʪ˵ĻٺҲûãգֱ޳ҲǸԭ
ò׳ŵ󣬽ȻΪӱʪϣκ˶÷衣
лһ˲ѣûϴһɫɡСĵİдõԾڻóʣµĲݸֽܡ
겻̫󣬴ɡӰ죬Ҫٴ㣬Щ磬͸ˣ
лһһд꣬ͣԶĿҪˡ
ΧѾۺҪˡ
лһֵ뷨ˣǸ꽻Ӿͱˡ
˵Ŀûţۺ죬û취Ͼֿ

ֵĿʲô취
˴ɡ
Ͳ̫ˣҪܿĻлһֿ϶ᱻĿûˡ
̫ۺˡ
𣬼ļôû뵽ɡأ
ʱлһһڼʺ޵ƮȻ
ˣҲˣĿ԰ĸͿˡ
ûʱ˵񣬾ͱ׵ˡ
֮󣬱һɤӵĽֱηڳԵʲôлһѹûӡ
̫Сѹֻ̫ǿңʲôҲסлһֵһ
Ҫл־ȷûֻ˯˵ĻлһпѾȥҽˡ
Ϊֹлһһԭ򣬱ֱ̧ҽݵĲ
ȻˣеǱǵ没ˣеǱĳ˸ġ
ּⲻҽݵһӾͶࡣ
ĳѹͲ֪磬֮Ѿ
˯죬չˡ
Сӣﲻ𣿡л־˶һȦ
ãϵ϶Żˡ
лһ˼:Һأ
ͺãʰʰ׼ȥɡ
ôˣһֱæӵ飬żæĵģ˼ˣڶӺˣ϶ҪؼҰ
ãлһЦЦ
ܻܲȥҪԵĽ֪ˡ
ʰöүٴһǰ̨š
ΪǸԷŰӡ


30 
һ࣬һĿյ, ƽǸʾ֮, Ű֮ء
ڰǰ, ѾΧˡ
˷ܵĴЦ, ѹĴ, ֻֻǿ֣ǰİΧĽʵʵ, øո񵥵˿ֻһĺס
Ϊͼȥ
һŴֽдһ, ͣ, ֻǣлһĶ϶ģʵ̫, ̫ˡ
Сӣ, ȥл־, öԼĲӼȥ񵥡
ڴСӾģԼҵĴ˲ˣл־ҲǵĶӲŻͻȻ뷨
ҪͨСȥˣлһֲǰ
лαСһ״:ΪӣֹТΪŮ, ҪТ˳ĸ, ôõôأ
л־Ц:û, Ըġ
лһ:ԸⲻԸûйϵ
, һٽȥ, ᳤ֲඣôϵĲϵģôˣ̫ˡ
ӾǲԸֻ취:ҪţȥҲ̵ˣ
лһ:Һ͵һȥʲôע֮ġ
е㡣
лл
үֺǺǵվԱ߿ӵҼˣֱۼȺɢȥһЩүſʼߡ
үûз֣ǸովĵطиС:
˼Ĵ
ѧƺ飿
ޣĳ߿ԾټѧȥӼ֪࣬ʷΪôŰĳ
ǫɨһ:ΰѧġ
˵תߡ
ѧø첲һԱߵ½ɽ:һˣԲģϲ⺢ֱ˵ɣҴŵĶ۰
ԱλֻǺٺ֣ǲ˵
һҲǣͬţ¸ƨѧ˵Ҳˡ
֪:ڱʷ£治ң
ȻλԼͬƣǲ̫󣬶Ǻǵˡ
ȵģ϶˭ҲɣҲû
˵ԱӼ丮ģܱ˭յ£֪
лһû뵽λעʱ˿̵Ѿϵָˡ
    лһ
ʺɫֽдŵĴ֣лһֿֿѾ֪˶ٱˣǳ
ˣǰ
ף
лһֺл־үҪɵˡ
ܺˣоһ𣿣
Ҫ֪ԵľҪַźõģǹηģ˸ףɲš
ڵԼǸʵͯˡ
֮ǰ˵ͯǲͬģԺлһ־ͲͨԱͯ
ޣԣҿҪſ״Ԫţôֵܱ֮ͯҲűأ
뵭
Сӣ֣ˣǰףл־ͱˡ
лһƽĵͷ:ûʧɣ
ûûʧҪ˵ķȥˣôܻʧأ
ΧһӾ:ף˵ǰף
ѵл־ͷ:ǵģҶǰףлһ־Ҷӣ
ĸԼӣôһѾԼüˣÿζ۵رѣЩġ
ȻΧ˲䶼Ҫըˡ
ϲϲڵʮ
лһͬЦŵϲ:ͬϲͬϲ
û
λһ䣬лһֻûпڣϾ˽ӻ:
㿴˼ôСĺӿˣأʮķԵȥ𣿡
Сܿ˵Ѱɣ
ѰҪҶûأ
ȥⲻȥԻɡμӵ𣿡
Ⱥϳлһ֣ʵǵʱĽʵ̫ԣһ۾ϳˡ
Ϊ㱿Ҳ磡
ΪᣬΪë
ոΪԼԭƵԭˣڵãԼԼ˰ɣʹȵ֡
ˣñѵ
ͬǿΪëôأ
лһ:ӳ˵ӣ
ȻԼоǸαӡ
лһִȵûкʲô˼ˣǸһ·ɡ
߱һһûˡ
ûʱ俴Χ˵лһѾԱߵ۴˸ԣľԺˣҪ״ҲǲͬģѾŸȡ״ˣôһǷһڿһˡ
лһҲԺӼ丮ֶ֪һ˿øУܹصΪϽص£ǸЩͨڷˡ
֪
ֻǿԺԵʱʱлһЩˡ
˴ԺںӼ乱Ժʱ³Ҳǻһҵʱ䣬һܾûʱؼˣֻǿԱһ˵ϵлһЩİѻ˵˳
ϵкð취أ
и⡭лһ־Ͱʱ˵ˡ
ؼҵĻЩϣȥĻֵļ˵ǵġ
˴һү
ү˺һᣬҲûҵõİ취
һԵ̲סˣ򵥵¶бҪôΪ
дŻȥվרŵˣ¾ܵˣ
𣿡үһʵЩɵɵĸо
Խ˵:ԣӾͰˣǼҲȥϲ϶֪ġ
Ͳˣлһϵл˼İ˴æˡ
ЦŰ:ûʲôԺ󶼻֪ġ
ȷʵǻ֪ģֻҪȴ֪
лһֵ֪дţֻǲŴļ̣û磬ϵĲ
̫ˣСӣǾͲȥˣ飬ڻȥԺӡ
лһֵȻȻͬ⡣
ǸԺĲסҲϤˡ
ԺҲһʱˣȥұסҲֵ
֪үʱͦˣ󻹸㣬˵ǹõġ
л־ǮҲҪֻܵл£ԺһԣһЩԼ̲ˣҲǲǷ˼ҵˡ
лһֳΪԺ׼
ԺֻûСġ
Ҫ֪˿ͯݺԺԶȴһֱڵĴڣͷ׷ʱǡͯҲв١
ӣ
ܿԵûһӵġ
лһָдȥվתֿ֮ʼÿ顢֡Ŀӡ
ͦ£֮
ֵ
ڴͬʱ
ΪСһΡ
Ϣǰл˸˻ˡ
һǸףβֹлҸˣ̫үҲˡ
ԼϽĸҲĹ
һţ
ڻûпԺԣʲô
ҲǸлһûˡ
̫үһ˾͸ʮ̫үԼǮһҲۡ
ֵ⻹ԼǮɵӲŲأ
ͬʱѧóˡ
֮ˡ
ѧܴ֮ϲ
ˣǰףлһֿܻᣬȴûȻܳΪһ
װʱԼҲûʱԼ̳ѧȴˡ
˯ʱЦ˺üΣǸ˵ġ


31 
ԺҪ
һΪԣȥ, ȸʱĲϸ, лһֵǰɡʱ, ۾Ƕ࿴˼۾ȥˡ
лһֵԼʱ, ͼмѾˡ
˵, ֻ⼸λÿ˵ǰһɡͺĿˡ
лһ:ѹۿʱЩأԭô˴˰
뿼, κ˲׼, װ۴, ʹ⼸λ뽻һ¹ڴɡĵãȴҲûиҿģǿлһֵЩˡ
лһֳЩһЦ, ȻȥæԼˡ
Ȼǲ̫ãڿʱͻȻֻһҪ׼õ, ǾǼӺ֡
Ϊлһν, ĿԱéޡ
ţ
ĿᾹȻǴ˵ĳţ
ڻûпʼõģûʲô
ǿ֮һ࣬ȣζ
, ץʱְɡ
ǵ, лһҪԼһ, Ȼ, Ȼ̫, Ĳܵȥæá
ڣֻܿԼ
ʱѾǷˣлһֵ䣬Զഩһ·ȵĻһߣڵˡ
лһְѱһ·˼£һӲӺܹȥʹһϵþͣյ̫ˡ
˼ϽɣȻǰŵĵطһãͰѱӺͻסˡ
Ȼ̫ͦ۵ģлһѾ˲Щˡ
þС
ܱܲŸѬΰɣӰԺǲԩء
ΧĿǵĿҲٴα˹ʵǿ̫
Ȼ˲ԼͬĬĬƿߣǿɵ˰ɣ
ЩɵƵлһֱӡ
þУ˰զզΰɣԼǲװġ
ܿ죬ͯˡ
ҲεĿ١
ԺԵǺӼ丮İѧලǴӾʷ̨ǫ
λû˵ϻӻӡ
ǵŵ˾ǰڿæ⡣
ۻȦܹԺһĿڼǲסĿܡ
Ϊһʫ
顢徭һ⣬ʫһס
ڲݸֽϽ⣬̺ܽգȺֱҲסڿĽ顣
˱Ӱˡ
ǾéԱߵţлһһߣұǸǽвƽĿ
ƽʱûаѳŵһ£ڿлһǿŵʱǳмһӵ
Ծ˵:¶̾Ϳˡ
Ǻܿ죬ʵͽˡ
ʱ֮ȵ̫һУᡣ
һ˿˿ҲûеĿᣬͬһһĺ䤱
޵ʱÿлһһ·ΧȻλ󣬱߱·
·֮˲˲١
Ȼ󣬿ĻͻȻͱˣһеĿ¸ˡ
һż·ż·
лһֿԼϵѾˮʪ·ĬĬٴξ˾ȻΧȥˡ
ʵ֤лһ״ŵ㻹ǺԵģЧϵĺˮڱˮ˿˷ĻϳζȻŵܵķΧ˵ǺЧġ
ȱ̫ôˣ浣Ļ᲻ӣҪûʱЩҪŻܳܵʱ򣬰ѿɡ
ȽлһֵȵŵĲƽͲ̫ˡ
ƽڵĿŨȺܴĻζζΪӺζīζټϿƽһûסˣ
һжжС
Ĳƽ˴Σĵ׵ķ߳ױöˣ˵⸳ʫˡ
ԺԿĵڸʱεĲƽۼˡ
΢ʰһ£ǿζȴȻԽԽŨ
пϵǰ뿪
еǱۼߵģеԼﲻסģЩǰ뿪ֻеȵǴԺˡ
갡̫ˣлһֲܵȡ
ȥģ
лһˮҲҺȣʵǳŲסʱ򣬲סÿ·Ͻȣ·´ں
緹лһֿһƲӲӵʱܻһرĳǰΡ̵÷ǳûԼ³
̣֣Ҫдꡣ
ԣ̵Ľǣ緹ѹûϡ
ʱһлһǵһˡ
Ŷȥܳȥ֮˸û˵Ŀյؽ䣬µһͿ
һΪûӰأԭˣûп갡
лһ³ˣ·ҵĲŵ:ҿԼܳġ
̱ǰƽ:ﰲȵϢϢɣΪʲôԼҲأ
ţĳԼ
Ŷ
ʱл־ҲϹˣӵ·ɢɢţһżӾߡ
Сӣȥҽݣס
лллһûʵû
ȥƽȡ·Ĳ̸һԼܶ˵:㱳ң
ˣ㣿
˵ƺ뵽ʲô̸ӵĶͷ:˰ô˵ߣȥҽٿûãԼɵ𣿡
ƽͻȻ:ǿĵôôأ
֪ү¶лһֱϵ͵ҽȥˡ
֪ӾǱȵģЩ΢ļ󣬱ͦ
Ϊ˲ӰԺԵڶĿԣϵļ£ҽݴлһֿһҩȵķӣлһַȥ֮󣬹Ȼ˺ܶࡣ
һлһ־ڴ˯ˡ
˯ǰһĵһޱȼеԸ:ҪֵţҪֵţҪֵţ
ҪԸ顣
ûзֵš
ӦˣڶĿٿ࣬ѧͰѿ˸ȷɢˣǣžͿճˣ
ȻҲŵζǱڳǿ̫ˣлһֺ֪㡣
ڶ˸ԣһ쿼һһʫ
ǸĲۣԵҪʫ
۸Ѳлһֵ֣ҲûдһǳɣݸֽдǵǵģԼŶرгɾ͸С
ʫҲѲлһ֣ддģڶˣͲñ֤ˡ
¡¡
һԶ
С˵ͱ䡣
׹пܻ´꣬ǺӼ丮÷꼾ڣĿܸ졣
ˢˢˢ
ͬʱ˳ɡ
žδδ
ܴݶᣬ˳©꿼ɡ䣬ȴ˿ûӰ쵽Ŀ
©꿼ĿƤббϵ꣬ɫջԡ
ѧһ棬ͦܵ˰ȥһ˾ǣôЩأ
ǿֲֵͬʷʱѧΪʱ쳣
ǫԵɣѧ˶ˡ
鶼ǱǸСͯӰİһССľٶôӰյԺҲ
лһֿɲ֪λ뷨ҧгݵĶŸʫʹء
һ뵽ԺĻһǳһ͵죬ҪǶ֪ͣԼ᲻
һ뵽Щлһ־͸оԼ˸ߡţս
߳
ڵġ
ˣôңԶ¶ˣǼǰӲͷʫˡ
Ͳˣʫ
͵սһ֣ɣ


32 
ԺԵڶʱȻꡣ
, ſڵŵȴû١
лһִɡͱл־, ʵԼҶӵɡ̫ˡ
С, ô, õ𣿡Ļ, л־˵ıȽС
лһְɡϵͷϴһµ:ͦõģ, ҿԼ, ôɡأ
ⲻҪȥ, Ѱ˼òءл־Ц˵
л־͸оˣǵĶϵɡ϶ҲΪ۸̫ˡ
ʵҲ, л־ˣ˸Ӵȥɡ, һǮ, ŵŲӾͳˡ
ôһȽСǰˣ֮ԱʪˣΪʱͦģһܹϵ·ʪıȽˡ
С, ǻȥ, ʲôʱԻؼأӲ˵, л־ת˸⡣
лһֵ:ȥҽ, ؼ, Ҳߣʱ˵ĻӦûȥϲ˵ȥأ
룬ߣȥҽݣл־һʱҲòˣŶҽȥ
ȥȥԼҺӵҪ
лһִЦҲ͡
ȵҽݣл־֪ȻΪ˸Լ壬Ҫ뿪
лһְϵļĵ:ЩһֱûϢã꣬򿴿ҲܷģϾͻؼˣҪʱˣôأ
һûµģ򡭡˵˵أ
Ӻô˵ôел־ûǿӲվˡ
ϴ⸸ӡȻǴ󸻴˼ңǹϵȴĺܶ˼Ҫá
ϸİֿл־ĺ:еܷ纮ףͺˣ
лһֵ:ʹҵӣ
ϴ򿪿귽ӵ:ˣҲ̫ˣûôأǶԺȵģ
õġл־²ˡ
ֻԼЩ̫˷ˣҲԺȾֵˡ
л־æлŷȥǮץҩ
صķүһ˺һҩһ£Ǿȿٻȥ
֪ԺԽˣҲİ˲ǣʡһֱ߶š
ټҪŵڣҲǱŲ˷ѵ뷨үͲżظˡ
лһֺҩ˯һڶ͸оȫ
ѾϰֿԣҲпΪҩֲռÿʱͻرɡ
ϵ˯лһҲûðѱȽǳߵϵˡ
۾лһֵʶͽҩֲռ䡣
һµϢлһĽ˳
ôƣһƺȫʧˡ
ԭĶشСĿռ䣬ڸһȦĿĶشСˡ
߹ȥͿ֮ǰֲİײܲѾһӣԱ߻ҰҲ
ѽѵһƬԺҪʱգҪܲĶصİײܲɣΪԼԣôһʱҲ֪ʲôһɡ
ڲлһ־һѣȥζõĻͰӵɲ˷Լĵء
ǰ˼ͼҩĵǿĸˣϾϡƷ֣ôãлһֻͦ˵ġ
żʵûǮĻһ겹õģڿʱòˣȻҪȣлһȴĵġ
֪׵ĸףôҲԺʱɣ
Ȼˣѧ֪кصĹڵĻ˵ˣֻһļ൱СϾѧܹڸ̨Ժ벻֪˵֧֡
Ҫѧľôˣлһֻ֡ˡ
ٶ

ȶùʱ𾢶
˻ԴлһְЩԶ׿ˣԽԽƣ˵˲
ûأǲҪԼԼˡ
ʶ˳ſûϵԺжлһϵȥˡ
һƬʲҶŵˮһȥʱһܰﴫ
๾࣬ӽлһ΢塣
һ£Ĳζлһֵ۽ǶһЩЦ
裬ɿڣ
л־緹ʱͼӾȻںȲ裬ɵ߶:Էˣдϵı̫ˮ岻ãͻ̫СòҪȲ裡
лһֵһ:ͨ費һûвζ˿ˣ
룬л־ɻĽӹһڣ۾һ:İҲܶȣȣٺ٣ζãԷԷ
лһεĿϵԼĲ˵ǰ˶Щˣϵ㿼ûתҪˣҲɡ
Ϊ֪ҶľлһÿֻϵһƬҶźȣԺҪǻͨҶһٶ྾ЩȣŲϵҶӶǡ
һҶҪǺȶӰϵ壬͵òʧˡ
Թүȥ˼ϣһЩߵزǱ̲˻˵㣬ǶʮؼȥҲʡ
ҪǱ˻ᵣôȥлһһͲõˣȻȥ·ϣҸϵעʱŵռóͺˡ
үвɹؼȥ̨ȴæµ
ѧ֮ǰ˸ǼΧʮλһľʱʷǫලѧͨӣΡ
д©۵Ŀֱ޳зɻľͲǼ򵥵޳ˣҪġ
ܶ޳Ŀʮľӵݵ˰ѧ
ҪЩԱȷʮڶĶʮˣΪ˸ѧ̭õģһбѧʷľӣľܲϣٷľˡ
ǾǴʱģȻ֪ˡ
ѧѸٿ˱̭ľӣϱ߱ǵĺĸλõԭˢģȷЩû©ģſЩ
ΪҪԿҲϸ˺ܶࡣ
ǰȷʱѧʷЩͬ뷨
̫ˣڳһЩأΪã˵⻰ǰѧ
־ߣʮͯôֱӵΪţΪѧ˾Ҫѹ˼ңĳѧϰˣǺǣ˵⻰ʷǫ
ѧָû˵ɫĴһӣζǫƵ°͡
ǫ:
󣬿ա
ȴ񵥹ʱлһֻ:
ͨԺ֮ԼˣžͲôȱǮˣҵΪﲹЩġ
Ҫ֪ԺͨͯǡԱҲ׳ƵġšʱԼҲ˹ˣʿ֮кܶȨͿԼ֪ز򡢲㱻̵ȣľˡ1
Ҳеȼֵ֮ģһ㶼ǻֵȣɼõĳơ·ʳγơʳ͡һģǡѧĸѧԱ1
Աáѧʸ󣬻Եٰĸݡѧ1ҲǶŵһΪˣЩӹѧԱҲһɻȱȦӣʱ˵ԼҲһЩ
ˣ
һ𣬴лһֵ


33 

Χ˶Χ˹
ྲ׼ӵ
ǰ۴һ, ҺȺһ־˲١
Ҫ֪ЩۿɶǳԹ, ˭Ҳ, ץ, ץ˾Ҫ, ûƤȥ鷳
лһּȺûӵ̫ҲĬĬĲһѺ, ԼС治˼Ҽġ
лһֵȻǽı, ÿҲ֪ϵˡ
, һ£ûôӵ
л־ʹĵͷ:֪֪
лһϵ:ˣϵ
ոջֻǽԼ, Լοôأ
Сӡ֪֪л־ĸˣָ̧ź, ۾ҲЩ졣
лһϵڿʱ, ˢľͣ
ԺԷŰֳΪ
ǱʮʡԺԵԱ¼ÿһ
ļڵһš
лһֿϵ֣Ҳˡ
Ӽ丮
    лһְ
лһִŲ:ˣ
л־ͬĵ:֪֪
үͬĿŰϵ֣ôҲ
ˣ

үԴһֱתϢ
лһԼҲǳ⡣
, ȴû뵽Ȼǰ
ϲ, Ĵϲ
Եģ
һþ֮ǰлһֵ, һӾϳˡ
ʵôСֻͯһλ
лү, ϲˣѾ˵ڱˡ
, лһ˻Ӧ
лллˣ
:òѽлүڻˡ
ûЦлһֵ˼ûǲԶϿ޵ıһһѵλֻ⣡
ΧҲԼͬĵ:ϲ
ĻǼ⣬лһֶ΢Цŵл
ȺһĿȺлһ֡
ǳԱߵͯ˼˰Լȴôôأ
ƽƵĿһ뿪ˡ
ʵ̫ܴˣȥŬȥ
лһֵĸˣһֱʰö˻ؼҵĴ
ʱȻ໨Ǯǰؼȥ
лһڴһѾһ·ˣҳҲûзһ¡
ľˣֻ鷢
֪ûкǰŵһţүȥʰһ¶ظˡ
ûҲûʲôлһҲ̫ϲֳϡ
ϲʵԭֻлһ֪:ļСܺȾƣܾԡ
ߣ
ȥ
ʵлһû뵽ǣ֪˲룬û졣
Űʱ֪һ˵⻰˲ʹˡ
ƨҺӼ丮ˣͲ׼ȥμӣѧ
ǫһȻ:аɣĳ˵Ÿͽһ¹磬ģԼɣ
½ɽ:֣лͻС̫ʺȥǣ˶ס˵ˡ
ѧ:½˾ˣ˵£
ôڵ㣬ÿμ涼Ҫó
Ҳҵĵӣǫɨһ۵
ѧ:˼һûͬ⵱أ
ǫЦЦ:ǫҪյͽ˭
½ɽ:
ѧǲ㱻Ѫ
ͬƵʱ˲ôȥˣϼһһû䰡
Ϊʷ̨ʷǫʵ۶ʸɣ˵ˡ
˵еˣûϼһġ
ǲ룬ǲҡ
ǫûˣϱҲûȢƾ֮·˳ʵյΪ״ԪȻȥʷ̨Ȼ󣬵ϱӶˣ
ҪҲˣǫʷ򣬳˻ʵ۰˻治
ߵչһͽܣֻͽܳɲźȥ˱߹أ߹صûǣǫҲϸһ±Ծͳû˸ǵĴڣƢԽԽ
Ҳͬǰ˵仰ҪǱˣǣ׼һε㻳
ٲ˵ͣ˵˲ˣ
˵½ɽ:ھô࣬пս⺢𣿱ңлһֽŰ꣬ҲʮһЩ¶˵ӦɱѺˣҺӼ丮ò׳ţ
ǫվЦǺǵĵ:ȥǲô鷳һ仰¶ͽܵ⣡
½ɽ:ҲȥҶҪȥ־㿴ŸŰɣˣ
ѧ:Ϣ
½ɽҲ:ҾˣбѧҰ
˭Ƶ¶ֶ࣬ȥһɣ
½ɽ԰һۣ֪ϼһ˵¡
һ֪һѧûû׵ˣ˵Ķȴϲ̨棬ôҲûпϡ
ţʶȦʲôҲ㲻ϰԣ˴һ߲ˣǾͿơ
־밲ˣǫԲ⣬˭λ־ͳأ
ǫվԭ:ţȥ־ҪǷĵĻŵ߹شܻ꣬ɸɣҪǵľˣȥ߹˵°ҪһСˣңԼ룡
½֪ͰѧӺһҧ:죡
ô죬Сͳˣؾǫ˵ˡ
½֪Ͱѧű˴˵:˰
ǫǰôˣؼϼһÿ˵Ķˣ
лһֲ֪ԼûôأһҪΪҵʦ
λʦ˵һ֮£֮ϡ
ȻˣҲһġ
Ϊ֪лһڴϵӻͦеġ
ϵչԼһɵ֣ⶼ´ˣɵء
лһ:Ҫˣסһؼң
Ȼǻסԣ˵ȥҳҪûô죿ڻл־ڿˡ
лһȻȥǵҾˣҲ˯ãͲôҶϢˣѾˣܼˡ
ǾϢһȥлһֵ
л־Ȼͬ:У
˵߻ȥģлһֵ۾ͨ죬Ͱѻʻȥˡ
ڴϵ⼸Ӷû˯ãȥҲᵣģϢٻȥĺá
һҿջס£ڶһү̤˻ؼҵ·
үлһֻˣ
Ϣһô˶лһּҸ
ϲлүˣ
лүǺ𣿡
Ժˣлүסڴ𣿡
˵ӵүᵽȥסģлһǴĵһλţҪҲߵĻԺܾͲǴӵˡ
峤ϢһֱʧߣΨһү뿪
лһüкŴ񣬶ϲģȻܵˡ
ҲһһشŸ⡣
Ǻܴܺ棡ԼûǱȴĵطˡ
лһֳΪʿ֮ǰǲż뿪ӵģڳ˽ʿ֮ĻһѼ˽ӳȥġ
峤ˣϽʿǵö֮ˣڲС
һᣬɢȥһ˴׼õȥլ˴һңڳһԲֵİϺϲ£죬Ľиͣ
ؼ֮ڼﻻһѣлһ־ȥϣӽԾҪأȻҪĻӱϲл


34 
ѧ
ѧлһְлӣһ񵽵أࡣ
֮æ:л, ˣҽ, ˴, Ϸ򵣴𰡣
˵ŻӾҪ, Ļ, лһֵ֮ǱӵĻҪʵ
׺ͰĩǣлһÿӺͶʮʳď[, ǲܵġ
һ, ӱлһָסˡ
һΪʦ, Ϊʦзӽһ֣ѧ֮, ӻǺǰһǧҪ˲ǣлһЦŷ, Ȼ
Ӻο:, ð꣬һҲ˵˵ڸǵ飡
ѧյĺãѧʶãƷá
лһְڸǵ򵥵˵һ, ǿԵĿ, лһڵȴ񵥵ʱ, רд, Ҳһݡ
ӵĽ֮, Я֮ģлһֶǿģϵģԼ׵ʱͶһݣΪľǴ͸ӱõġ
Ҫ֪ӽܳοǰϴæˡ
ҶдһݾӣҲ۲š
ӣһʱдһҵĴſɺã
ǷǳģȻܾˡ
Ӿ:ȻãһְˣϷͺƤˣҽ̳İ׵ģ˿ûУӶϸղأ
ɱˡлһִЦеεĵ
˵ô佱лһֵƤٺҲЩˡ
ԼȻҲẦˣ뷨лһֵǺ˺졣
֮ǰķӵԾҲһˣֺͷһЩ飬ƷлһִĸزϵЦûʧ
ˣˣѳ֮ѧûʲôҪˣȥ𣿡
Լţлһټѧ˷ʱˡ
лһҡҡͷ:ָ̣
Ŵ˵뷨ŵĹȻı䲻Ŵİ
ɫ:ȻǺӼ丮İףǿȥǵĹӼϿεģҲǹӼÿ׿϶ռһ
лһֶԴ˲ûʲô뷨Ӽֻ֪ԼһȥǶ飬Ͳʵðɣ
Ĳ˵ȥǵķúھǵĻͳе
ǵĶѹɽˣ˵ˣֻ
ΪԺ԰ײûлһԣԼԼ˻ѵĺá
лһھǰδеѣƶԼȶ԰
ӣбĵطѧϰ̫ԶĻ㣡лһ־Ͳ˵Ǯˡ
֪ȴοĳ:ʤ
лһǫ΢Цǲǽ
Ӽ:ȥѧѧ͸ǵѧԺ
лһ֮ͣһ¼:õѧȽϽǰûзãԱƷйԺÿʮѧѣһ
ѧԺǰѣԺÿʮҵĽȥѧԺ·;΢Զһ㣬Ǳ˶డٵѧĶࡣ˵һˮ
豭ûз£лһʵ:ȥأ
:
лһּӺˮΪûһ:ӣΪĸأ
ƵĿ:Ȩֻ԰Sÿ궼Ҫ̷ãԷӻˡ
лһ:
Сӵô죬Σߵȣͦġ
ӵǲûǵ:Щڴڿʱὲģ;Ĵ࣬ôˣްģ
ȻģĵķӵǸǱҪġ
лһ:лл£ڹѧôסأ
:˵дССԼҲԽһķȥԣסĵط˵ͳһķᣬǰףǰǲȡõģúѧһٸ߾ˣ
лһεЦЦĲװ
֪лһѹת˻:ȥǰԱȥÿЩѧҲƵģ
лһæҪԼȥˣ˼ˣǿӵľԼˡ
»ǻؼҺͼһ±Ƚ׵
ԣֻңѡʺԼĹѧҪ
ڹӼ࣬ѹûпǵĴ㡣
ӣôˣȥ𣿡ôûͬѧˣȻеˡ
Цվ:ѧϰù˺ܶ࣬Һȥ¿ˡ
ðͷˣ
ʦһ·ֵϢʱܶѧԶԶľͿӴһ
Ǻôе찡
˵ɣ㻹ˣ˵ɣ㻹ûߡ
˵˻
ǡǲлһ𣿸תǴǸûȥĶ
ɵӣȻȥݼСүˣ
Ŷλͬඣȵң
뷨õģʵȴơ
лһֵߣкߣУȫû⡣
ģ붼룬Լѧʱȥ
ѧԹĿԼҷӡ
ӲΪȻĵ:лŵİ׾ѾдһݷѧˣѧϰģͨԸǽһ£
˼ˣͻȻĿ꣬ӸˣЩһ֮Լͻذúѧϰȥˡ
лһ:ȻĪЩɰ
ſ
㱻ӽ˳΢ЦŵлһʱЩɡ
͵:ӣЩ֢ˣȻлһˣ
лһ:
:
žણ
ͬѧļϱصһ¡
лһ:ͬѧû֢һˣ
һ֣㰡̫ˣͬѧܸ˵лһֵĵ
ľϲֻ˵лһˣȻ̫ܿˡ
лһִܳʵ:ôǣ
ѵСûô
ֻǣͬѧ˼ôôײµŶ
ӣٺлһһؼȥҪһЩ⣬𣿡˭Ҳû뷨㾹ȻҪ١
ͬѧû֢ȴڿлһ֮Щ˰
ѧõ˭٣һʾ͵ñѵİ
ڲһлһţӸˣ֮ǰȷʵͦ͵
:һΣ룬
лӣȥʰһ¡ͬѧ˵ܽ˰ࡣ
ӣ㣬ȥæɣ鷳ôãлһе㲻˼ĵ
ûʲô£Һ˵
ָ֮˵Ķ˺һֱŶлһֻȥЪϢ
һ뿪ѧá
ѧó˰ףѧˣ
ϲ£ϵѧԱ׷ǰҪѧ
ԶôˣЩҲҪֻҪѧС
ºЩ鴫лһֶʱֻЦЦӻѺùصģң뵱ԼôĻǲ㱻Ӿ֮
˵ҪӵˣһЩ˾Ͳܹȥһлһַǳġ
ش·ϣ˵ʵ:
ʹţҵÿ춼ᶨʱһ١
˵ͬѧȦﶼỨˡ
лһ:û֮䣬ʲôϵ


35 
ʵǱͬѧˣлһֻעһ:
Ϊʲôˣ
֪, ͬѧֱָָлһ֡
Ϊ, ҵ, ʹ, 㿴˺öأίĲС
, ¶˸첲һһĶ, Ŷۡ
ܿ, лһȻһ:ңô, һֱڿԺðɣûҶûȥѧ𣿡
Сһ࣬űӵ:С, ˣҵ֪, ˵ʲôѹ̫һ¿ϵġ
ô˵ģлһ, ȴѾ²ˡ
֪үƢˣͲѲµлһֲȫ˭һﵽڻûԭأ
ΪС飬лһΪԼбҪҳ, Ҳʲô, , ġ
˵Ҽļûʲôѹ, ȷʵû, Ҹʲôлһֱ񶢵Щë
лһ:ʵ
Ȼˣҵǰҿɲ˵һֵļٻȻ׵Ǵ׶ӣһҲ鰡
Լûѹҵġлһֵ
ɶͬѧ£Ȼûס
лһְѻ˵ĸ:㣬ѹ
ŵ:У
ڼҴʱԽԽˡ
ѧȥϸߣΪڼҰᡣ
лһ:ˣѹ
ͬѧ:żϵǰһһɣڶʡֱӿˣԭû뵽ȥ 
֪ҲͣڻȥҺһ£лһ˵Żһȭͷ
ͬѧ:ͣ
صԼдҲдˡ˲ȫ綼˶ô죿
һֱһصңĿ׵շһЦлһֽӽͳţͬѧȷˣлһ˵ĻǶԵģһǳá
Ժ󲻴ˣ˼ү˵Ļ㶼˰ɣϽȥˣҵȥһ£ķɲܵ㣡Ȼˡ
:Ȼܴ
Щȷʵлһ˵ĻԼҲʮˣÿζǱġ
Сƨһʲô䣿ǮַѾġ
ʲôʱţʲôʱ
ڵãлһһ仰ȥˣԼЩأզ˵ˣ
ȻˣͬѧҲԼ룬ɵӲȥأ
ڴǸ󻧣Ȼүү̲ˣҲȻǴ󻧡
ϵСĸֱַⱱⶫϣ⣬ǳüǣֵܼҲǳ¶Ǿһʹġ
ȥѧ飬һģļҵĺӴˣȥûգֻû뵽һôһûڡ
ҶһѧѹȶС
죬ķ䱻˸ˣ˶ԺһӺܲѡ
ĺ˳лһȴ⡣
°ɣлүҲһ仰˵ˢˢ׵һԲͣ
һˣԺû˵ڵĲŶ԰
ûӦԺûˣҲĵġ
лһֹԺţȥ
һݾͿŵүӲԾɫҲÿ
үһ϶ǹĹģڼﲻӦҲˣⶼſˣûᣬ̫ˡ
үүôˣﲻ𣿵ôүүȥأүүһᣬȥ
ܵүߣͷסүӵĸ첲˳ưѸүү
ƫ죬ûΣա
һлһ֣ʱҲվŽŵĵ
⣬ǲûʣȥүү
ԼǻҽܾǲýͰ
Сһֱڼ˵Ƥӵ³ˣûѧҽȴῴ̫ˡ
лһȷүûдˣתҪȥ
ֻǣĽŸȥһͱүסˡ
үүûû£лɤӶɳˡ
лһֻͣ½Ųο:ôû£ɫˣүүԺаSˣҲʳ¿
֪лȴĸ:û£һͺˣ
һӣڼһӣǲˣĻǮ򣬾ΪСͺˣʵеԽԽġ
үôһ˵лһ־͸ˡ
үү۴дȽſ죬ܿͻлһּȰʾҲæȰ
ֻŽŵĵȴȻֻǿš
лһָҪ˵ܽһˡ
ܽﻹŶл֦䡣
˻ûȴ
ҶˣûСӣô͹˵أС˰ǹ˵ôŰл֦һܽСڿԼҵܵܵʱͣ
лһŤͷͼүӵɫÿˣֻ廹Щ
ٿŽŴĵҲࡣ
лһ:үүʲôʲô˰ų
лү:󡭡ͣ
лһһΪ
лһҲǲԼȥүүʱеôӣֻǵʱûء
ԼŻүӼ飬лһֻ벻ʲô
лһֻ:Ĺͣʲôʲô¶
ǲҶģǳ˴Ѫˡ
ȻԼϵȥǿˣǲûнύʲôˡ
ôԶֻһǾԶھǵҶ
Ϊ̫Զ˷ʱ˴Щ⼸һֱͨűģûʱ档
ģȷûˡ
ϵҲм򵥵ĺôһ۵ףȫõĻ©
л֦:˵˰ɣõһ˼һ˵ˣңʱǮȥˣ治֪
л֦Ļһ䣬үͻȻˡ
:ˣ˵˳츮ģ
л־:ǫ
л:˵ʦ𣿡
лһ:Ȼһ˼һ
ǲǼǴˣ룬Ǹռ棬ġлһֵһ뵽ľӡ
ү:ʶλͣʦõֽߵģ˵ͷ̫ˣﰡɶʱϵʦͷ׼ǱҪʦУ
л־:ԣ
лһ:Լ֪ʲôʱʦŲţ
λ͵ֺϤӡ
лһּˣǺλڸǵļ࿼ͬ
ϸԱĻ:
˳츮
ɲԾǣ
ǫ
ȫͼ࿼ͬ
ѵͬһˣ
ֻǣԼҸʦ֮Щͷˡ
ûнӴˣʲôʱϵأ
ʵϣӴˣֻлһǵ汻ӴǸûӡˡ
벻ͨʵ벻ͨ
Ȼлһ־Ͳˣ֪벻ͨˣڼȥҲֻƽա
үүȻ˵λͻôʱ֪ˡ
ǵĸóԳԣúȺȣȻȥ飬ЪʱͼҪȥļҹѧ˵ˡ


36 
òԶվ⣬վۡ
һСĵĿ, ŵĲ, վλһƷԱ
Ȼ˼Ҵ, ֻǲʮ˶, ǰż, ʹӰʷӻʹѲ, ³һ⡣
վǫҲô, ӻĲˡ
˵, ״ʲôʱȥѧҪˡ
ǫҲ:ѧôûݼأ鷳˵Ļϰף˵
ѧ:ûʲô˵ġ
ǫ:ûһ
ǫŤͷˡ
ѧ˸ۡ
˭أ
ǫѧ, ÷ǵðҲ, 㵹ǸϽػؾǰ
, ȥӰҲûпͻˣüŵȣֹõҲڡ
˵þǵһƷԱ£˭ܳеΰ
Զ¡
⵹, , ûñļһ
֪ǫֵ:Ҫɸȥϵ, һ·ô, ôС, ˵ǲǣ
ѧ:ĵţǰףСͯNɪˣ˯ȥˣԼNɪȥɣߣ
ǫѧվߣͻȻЦ:㷢˰
ѧһȥԼЪˣһ˵ô˲
ȥϽӣôֱȥлҽӰĵ
ã
ѧüӣΪھǵЩ˾˳ĸ˾ˣ˼лҿǷǳʵڵĴˡ
ѧֺǺǵߵģƫ㣬ϼһ
ѧɲ֪ߣǫͽˣﻹӡ
:үе嵥ﶼˣһȥȡĿ¼
ǫ˿Ŀ¼ּһĿ
ûͽȥʧˣûȥͽܣˣǫĿ¼Ž
ȿȿȡ
Ҫ˳ȥһ
磬꣬ףǫүˣǱ뷽跨ĸүû뵽ܿү˱ġ
үյӣѵõӸ𣿡ɻʵ
ҲͬʱͷӰʦģû˵ʦġ
ǫָ:ƽʱһôǳԵ¶Ҳ˰ɣ
ĵ:үͽ̣
ǫ:лôǮЩΪʦǰӱ£𣿡
:ԣ
ǫ:ǰȥɣ
ǣְʰò뿪ǫķ䡣
үһͰȥˣڲԭôһ°
˼ͻȻվס:԰ʦǮûǮйϵ𣿡
Ҳͷ:ӼЩһﶼǸûӸѧģүյλҲİɣ
ͬʱͷ:
үǹô˵ඣͬʱһ:ԺλүĵҪģ
үôӣǿɲܳүĺˡ
Ȼ󣬵ڶѧͿǫЩůϸһ档
ȻֻлʱУˣһغ¡
л־һͿʼʰ
лŴ󷿵Ҳһæ
Ĵæûʱʰɲٲˡ
ԼСһֱʰĺ롣
ֻǣⲢ˵лһֺڿ죬ΪӴ󲿷ҲлһԼʰģл֦ʰ޵ġ
лһִܲͱƳȥϴˡ
ˮպˣϽȥϴɾһĶܡл֦˳һɾĲõġ
лһֱ߱ߵ:㣬ܸɾˣʰˣЪɣ
л֦ЦЦ:ܣģϽȥϴһ¡
ã
̵ĻԺʹ
лһֻȥϴ
Ͼµˣ컹ͦȵģһȦϵ·šˮˡ
Ϊ˳ϴ㣬л־лһڹԱߴһСݣŵʲôҲ㡣
ֻҪлһڼңһβٵġ
ߵСſڴлһֶһ£һ֣ûϴ·ˡ
Ҫȥȡʱվ˽Ų
ΪС⣬һˣȻǺ뿪øлˡ
˸磬ô
·л˰ŵ·˹
ʱ䣬øѾԼԷˣҲܼ򵥵ıԼ˼ˣֻǺͬ˱ȣǲܴһصġ
·ĺ룬лģûκα仯
лһֵһӱеƵܡ
лкֵȴܴ
ʹӼ׼лһѧʼһӵ˼ȫΧתˡ
Ҳ󲮼ңֻҪлһʲôҪæл־ƽ϶ͻһæ
лһȥѧʱ𣬶ǳԴ󲮵ġ
ڱϣ׵ҲȲϡ
һΪϰһֱֵڣСøҲҪʼæ
һ˲䣬лһֵ˼Щӡ
ܣϴ裬šл˵꣬Сſˡ
лһְСƿѾź˳õˮˡ
һһ⡣
Ȼתȥ
ܿ죬лһֻʱһһ롣
лȻš
磬ˮúȣԼ𣿡лһĵһˮѲŵϡ
򵥵ĻлҲԼ
һ¶ǣлһٽ̣лԼˮˡ
лһַĵȥϴˡ
ϴ󣬾ͼø绹ﲻԱ߶˸˺͸һðˮ
лʰĲˣˮ졣
·Сݵʱ򣬾ͼںȲ裬һڣȻ󣬾һˡ
л־ƽˣҲһһ˹
ѵõүĸȻôĺȴ衣
СӣˮɣͦúȵġүСӺȲ衣
лһһ˼˦˦ͷϵˮ:үүϲĻﻹеҶȥʱţҲ㣬ÿһ˸ȣܡеЧҲ˵
ǿܣһЧ
ռϡҩĵҩǱͨҩǿˡ
ֻлһϣԼϣ˵
үӺл־ƽͷЧسлһ˶ûе¡
лһҲЧˣȻ֪ˡ
ǫϸ͵ʱġ
ʵǵȲлҵӰˣʷȲˡ
ˣˣ룡лһֱڵأǫʱƽһӾͽŵЩӲ
лһæү:үү㣬һȥӭӡ
úúãһһ𡣡лүӺܿģﶮ°
ֻлһֻ˵˵ѣȴûҪĴ㡣
үӵȶ˵ᱻ̼ʲôë
ԺҪĵĲˣʱûУҩгƬڲ˷ﻹûġ
˶ˣϽȥӭӰӺһ᲻ŲţүӺĽ
лһͨһѾ쵽ſˣүӵɫҲָ˲١
ŷүӭˣһ򿪡
лףż첻ϲֺͱѧ𣿡ѧֺǺǵĴкԺһˣȻá
ѧлһֹӭʷˣӭѧˣ
ǫԭ˷ܵ˵㷢ڵĵ:˳ģֻӭҾУ
ԳѧˣȻˣʦɣ
лһסˡ
λôе㷽
ѧ:أʱǴ


37 
λлһ൱Ĳ⣬ȴҲ˼ڼվ˵ĵ
ô, ҶѾô˵, ǫǽݡ
ѧҲ߽
ү˵ʲôҲҪ, λ, ̫ˡ
ǫҲûж, ҪҪ
лһаʦǫʵ
лһҡͷ:ʷ˵Ļû, ѧҲǲ֪, ȥѧ𣿡
лһͨһϵĿ, Ѿˣȥǹѧ
Զһǲ̫㣬, ˻ֵ
˵, Լ˵ҲǼٻ, ȷʵŸոպʱ
ھԼˣܸоЩ
˵Լλˣ˴ֻһ֮Եǿš
ǫлһֵĻ˵ֵ:ԣ
ѧֺǺǵһӾͱˣСԺҪԿͷˡ
ΥǫĻûһк³, ⶼѪĽѵ, СӾȻܾôԡ
Ƣ, ѵ⺮СӶõڶ졣
Ȼ, žǫ:ûлȥѧˣ
, СӶùʱľʰСӡ
ڰѧһֵע£ǫ:ҪôȥѧҽҵϵŸҪôȥӼ൱ѹֻ꣬ԾԲ⣬ҲܰȱȫĺãʫӼеû¸ɵʱͻḳʫø㵱ϰ󣡡
ѧ:ջȥ
£ѧУʱˡ
оû뵽Ȼһ˵ʲô໰ѵһ
תѧž;þˡ
Ϊѧĺƴ
лһҲǲĵġ
˭ҪãкõĻкõԴǱȱ˵Ҫߡ
ھǵ˱ȨۺҲû
ôһǰлһֱӾܾǲɵˡ
лһֿһŵ:ʷˣѧи⣬֪
ǫ:ʣ
ǫˬԸлһֶĺø˲һ㡣
ûҪĨǣۡ
ǳϵڹԱ:㱻Ļʱ˵⻰ɡ
лһҲīֱʵ:Ϊʲôѡأ
ǫ:Т˳ĺûлӣ
ο㲻ֻТҲϣ˽㡣
⻰൱ĲˣѧͲˡ
ûӣֻСԼ˵ȥǣϼһɨˡ
Сϼһǲһʶˡ
ǲٽô಻ǸԼ鷳
֮
̫Ϊʲôô˵лһʵ˵
Ҫ˵ʱˣлһǲŵģôţ϶бԼҪТ˳ġ
СȽ׽̣
ԭлһԼţ΢Ļʲôøʲôøɡ
лһֲС¶ֻԼ֪˲֪˸֪ˡ
ȥûͷлһ־ֱӰɻ˵˳
ǫͰڸǿʱһһʮ˵һ飬Ȼ:仹ЩֲǷǣ֮⣬˭̲㣿
û˺ѧˣôȱˣͷ̧ͷģ治áѧһ䡣
ȣ˻ȣ˼һ·˰
ǫ:һ룬û˸ҺˣǺǣǾǸˣһԡ
ɵһֱģͲǫ
ֻԼĻµӽ£ѧˡ
Ժлһܻ֪˵Щ˼ġ
ѧ:֣ôҲøлż̬Ļɣ
ǫ:ɣ˵ɣ
лһֻЩ¡
Ƕλѻ˵ˣԼҪǾܾˣ֪ܼ̫ܲ
лһҲ£ûбѡˣʳԼĵڶ:֪ʷҪѧ̳ʲôأ
ʵĺðڵϣǫлһֵı֡
ǫ˵ԳΪЦݵ:үӣһ˼ǵĺӰ
үЦϵһ˺ö:˵еСӾôˣ
лүӾϲ˿佱Լӣȿ佱ԼҪˡ
ǫҲˡ
ү˵Զյӡ
ˣǫ˵ʱ͸˽ˡ
ûпھƵˡ
ǫӦ:ʦţпˡ⻰ͬԺ󡣡
ʦѧҵϵ⣬ٳϵĴҪ߳ʲô·Լȥȥȡ
У캦鲻򣬲ñ˶ʷԼŻˡ
Ȼ˱۸Ϸĵӣ
޻أȻôĻСԼԺĥȥɡ
лһˣͬǳϿɡ
ûԥ˵˵ڸ:ȥ˾ǰ󣬿԰Ѽ˽ӹȥ𣿡
ǫͰѧû뵽һ⾹ȻǸ
ǫ:˽£µʦҲ棬Щĸ˽£ԼͺãĻش𣿡
ͨ
лһʵʵڵĹڵϡ
ǫڣ:ѧлһֿʷѧΪͽ
֪ʦͽϵδ֮ѹҪͬ뷨ǫһ⡣
лһֹԭֱĻص:  ʦͬڸϰҲѧҳ޾֮м֮áһΪʦΪ
ǫǶ˶˵һ:ɣ
ǫ˵꣬лһֵйݴ
ϣɣ
лһֹĶǫ:ʦã
ǫ׽лһִӵ˫лһֵļʹ:ããã
ǫ:Ϊҵѧˣ˵ģţ
лһ:ѧʦ
ѧЦǺǵվ:ϲϲüͽ
ǫ:֪ͽܣ㵱ͳܲܵ˳ģ
ѧ:ȷͣ
ǫ:ͬƵķϡ׼һ°ɣһְΪʦ׼˵Сˣ񣡡
ǣˣӦ꣬ϰ̧׼õӽݡ
ѧ:ҪҪôֱ׳Ҳôһλˡ
ѧԱǫˡ
Լô׿
ѧԼȷʵֵģǣ̧ĶʱŷԼѾȻЩİ
ͱ
ֱˢǫ󣬿ǣʵǰɲš
ȫǵ飬һСīֽ⡣
СҲǱȽԱߵĴ˵ģīֽлһ־ԼԺĿƾ֮·ˡ
㹻ˣ
лһִŸж˵:ʦҲ̫ˣ
ǫ鶼ԺʱҪѧ飬ΪʦŰŵԵģԵȥٸҲ١
лһһ:
ѧ:
⻹һ㰡
û
𾪵λֱӰлһ֧ȥˡ
λڰСţԵĻǺңԶĺðɣ
ôһҲǫĺ
ǫ˰͸ѧͽʱеЩµġ
ʦ
δš
һ;ôµģ붼ˡ
ոͽܶյôڲͬС


38 
лһְʦɹˣ
Ǽ˵Ĵϲ£
лŮڰϵк£Ҫõ, ǳĵıһӵĺòˡ
ллĴ, ּǫ, Ȳ衣
ʱлǫ佱лһ, ˺, ͬǰİѧҵ˸õǾרĵĺȲ衣
, Եĺò裡
һ, ;ԼԴһ˺ܶ, ԣѧǳĳˮͰ
һһһһ
ֱ, ƬҶ͸ɫˮҲûһɫ, ѧžԼЩˡ
ӳ, ϻûš
ֶӣĲҶȥһүӶûˣѧ൱Ļ˵
˵Լûúˣүӵϡ
лæõȥݲ裬ƽȥݲ裡
л־ƽŲͳȥ, , ֻܿˡ
л⡰ôǿյ, ȥݲ𣿡
ʵǲ, Ҳɵ, ȥʱʲôʱʲôƬ͸ĲҶҲû˵
л־ƽСƵĵ˵ҶǴӼģǶܴӸģ
л־һæվӹûܣֱĿлһ֡
Ҷ治ģڶӴģҲûʡ
ȹβ裬ζȷʵá
ΣڿСֶСǰȵʱҲŹȥˣ⼸λ͵ˡ
ԣʵС˵ġ
Ȼ֪ǶĲҶл־治֪ӻѲҶŵ
лһվӹ󲮣һүүĲҶ֪ȥ
ɣСȥлŹֱ̨Ӿˡ
лһŲֱȥԼСݣһһ²˽
һݵĲİѧһܵĺһζŨ㣬ò裬ò裡
ǫɨһۡԣ
Եʷ˵껰ź˱ĻΪʷ˸

ǶˣǸ˾ͺá
˾վ⣬СԼĴڸУǿźá
лүЦŴԲλϲͶȵ㣬ǼұҲûУˮǹܹģ
ǲҶǲԼģʲôϵľԼģԼľǹġ
ү˵еʷͰѧͬʱ
Ϊˣ϶һλ͵²̨Ľ
һ裬һˣһλʦһӣһμѻҲӴʱʼд
Ȼˣʱ˻񲻵Ժķ飬Ծֵĳԡȡţһ쳣ĸˡ
øЩۣҲлŵԶҳһ٣ܲ˼ҿŶڴһɣ
Ҳ֪㣬ûŶӣлȷʵ¡
ԺﴫʱһºһЩġ
лҵһֱ磬ǫŴ뿪
ֻߵʱǫѧҰʦʦʳˡ
ΪƤлүҪʮƬҶӣֺǺǵˡ
˶ɵˣҪһΣôҲöҪɣҪʮƬˡ
ˣ
ﷴ˼ʲôʱԼҵүôˡ
˳츮ʷСүлһΪͽˣ
ôϢǫ뿪ӵʱ˲ӡ
ΪˣĹپǴ峤ˣżô֪̫үҲȲλ
һʷˣǼֱĹˡ
ȫ˵뷨лðˣ
Ҫ˵֮ǰлһֳΪͯ˵Ựôлһ֮ЩðỰ˾Ͳ֨ˡ
ڣ뷨Ҳˡ
һҲлԾǵĴλȴǳлһֵʦ
λʽİʦġ
ͨķӲͬģǾԵҵʦ
лһֱвŵĺӣټλҵʦָǴҲס
лҵͥĲһˡ
Ľһ˿η
Щ뷨ֹǴУлԼҲС
лڰѹ֮󣬾ͰѼټһ¡
ԺֻԽԽãЩûʶĴ֣һҪǣκ˲׼캦飬Ӱ˹ǰ;ǾͲлˣҪҸǳлţ
ᣬᣡлĻһ䣬ӺͶϱǱŵĸϽ̬
үүһŵģлһҲ
˶ʵڣǲɵԺ϶ԽԽá
˵ֻҪǲлҵǵõ񲻵Ĳ档
˵ģֻʷ˺ѧ˵ݰɣԺӻܲȥ
ȻǷּˣǴϹͷŽء
лһûаǴͷĵˣл־ƽ򸾵ҲףԺǾԲ
³϶ǰңԣǺúõĹӸҪ
кӲȥɵӣǲŲء
лӺͶϱı̬⣬ǲʹˡ
үŤͷĿϵӣԺ²ɣҲðĸҶˣԺɲֻлҵˣմʷ˵ ҪǵӣͲֻûкӹˣܻܲŻ˵
ɨһԼҵϱ 㹫Ļ˰ɣʱ鷳
ңл־ƽл־򸾲Ҫιȥˡ
⻰˼ǲֹǲһܹϺӣпܻ
лһҲϣѼ˸ųôľ͵һ㲻ôأֻҪעһЩ
ȻţлһֵºһԺעлҵֻԽԽ࣬үү˵ĻǳеСĽûģֻҪúõģлһǲлҵκ˵ģ
Żһ£ٸԡ
ü֪£ԺҲΪԼλԽԽߣֳȵ顣
ֻҪ˲Լأôлһ־ܱлһ
ǿƾٲֱԣԼӣлһ־ͲŲлʮ˹Ϻӡ
лڹĻ˸߶ȵͬ⡰СӵĻ˰ɣǲܸԼҲڣ˭ӵģ־ͿԺлŻߣ
һԼԼõģģл־ϵ
л־ƽҲֱͷ
϶Ŵֶӵ˼ˣ˵ˮƽҲ˲١
ǰ˵ĻҪ˽ܣҲˡ
˵ôĻ˾ȻԼĶܣҪۿţЩš
ôһ˵лүҲͷˡ
ôһλʷ˵ҵʦԼҲˡ
ǴСųģǳеиõĿʼһͻеȵõĽ
˱ջۣлһţʦҲ״
İûκεôֻǱ
лүڽϲ˵صĻǲüԺΪġ
֮˵ⷬЩˡ
˶ʵˣһ㲻⣬ϱ˵ˡ
Ϊҳѳ˵ͷˣ˭£
Բˣ
ȻˣǾ͸ԻȥЪϢɣлүӽˣȵҲ٣Ȼڹ˵ǰûʧ񣬿ǻЩƣġ
үүлллһүӻլ֮ǰĵл


39 
лһôҪ͵Ȼڼ˵һ¾, ڼ˼
СԪ, ͵Ҳǲܵˡ
ҲȱЩ, Ծʹ󷽷, ϵлһȥġ
ǺѧļλӺʹһ, ϶ʾ
ǰ̫͵ҲЦݵ˵϶ֱϲƺȡ
СԪ
ҲҲڶˡ
ˣϸŻ, ôżӣ
ǲǾ, ڸԼҲˡ
һ, ˼ˣ仹һЩǴԼΧϹϲġ
֮Ϊлһֵķӣ뵽
ϧǫΪ, ڽһ뿪ˣλʦ, ǲŽзء
ǫȻ˻˾, ȴû١
ֹû٣ѧ½֪ĺҲһ͵˼
Ļǡǫĵӱ⣡
ô˵ˣԱߵλͬƻ˼һ
λţΧһȦǰء
仹λǰľүҲš
лһֵİ룬ֻ, λԼﻹΪûнȥ
λȥҴҵ, һæŰſλл־ĨһѶͷĺүС, ʲôʱϵŹϵ
лһЦЦԺʱϾ, öһ
л־ͷӦ¡Ҿ˵, ԭֻͨУˣ
ϵ¶˼򵥣лһֲûж͡
λ˹ԭ һͨĳ֪Լҵʦʷˣ޷ǾǱһǵӡ
ҪֻǶСţΧŹ⣬ͬΪţ໥ʶԺҲͬҲһ
һǲᱻλ˸ģλֻԵˣ˵ǿǱϡ
˵ˣʷ˵ǵİѧ֪
ܳΪˣ֪һЩϢΪ档
ԼԺֱܹϣȻλ˴ʱƾ١
һһԼԺҲ޽λҲϣֻһССˣҲν
ںЩ˵㲻ʲô
ͨ㣬лһֲŻϵöϡ
飬ˡ
лĺúõһ졣
ͽʱһ˺ȴˣߵվֱˡ
лЪһҲߵĲˣлһֲźʹ󲮻ϵһȥϡ
ЩѾˣЩԶԣл־˴ţ
͵ңǺһٱ佱
֪ȥСԪԺ԰׵ѧϲˣвġ
ñǿλүԵ˺ȴ˵ӻһȦĺ˿лһ
˺һлһֲЦźʦĸ𡰵󲮣Щȥ
ɰʲôл־Цķǳġ
ѾˣҪʲô򣬸οҲȱǮ
գл־ƽۣл־Լлһֵƽ£װһţĶ˴ӡ
һţĶһͷĲˡ
лҵÿ˶ֵһƥϺõĲƥŮ׶У˵лҲһƥжֱǰԼСۡ
֪лһǵģлڼֱᣬʱѾǴزָ
̫Т˳ж
ϺҲ˵˵һǮϵЦȴǸеˣǷǳϲ
л֦лСϸǸˣ׵Сﶼϲ޵ѣǼٸѣǴ˵Ѹġ
лһָĲ̫ޣ˾·ҲûֻܸС
ǰѰϵȸŮ˸۵ĲС
лһֵ⣬ȻۣȴҲĵĻϲ
⣬ֹԼУżУԼǱҲС
ȹʮʱͻȥԼŶӸ˱ģӣ

л˳Թлһ־˵Լ뷨
лһֵʦٻȥǰһ£ˣԺҴȥǵĹӼˣ
Сӣǣ᲻Զ˵㰡ȥôȥл־ԶͻȻҪȥǵĹӼǳ⣬뵽ȴҪȥôȥչ˶ӡ
лһЦһµʦڼչүү̣ʹˣͽȶѧٽһ˽
ڸչ˼컹УҪȥǵĹӼͲϵȥˡ
˵ӼסĵطܸϵҲˣϾѧϰĵط
ϵһڹӼס˵ʵлһǲĵġ
ǵطûȥȨĵطľ͹ϵʵ治ʡ
οԼҵʦʷǵ˵ְλҪϵȥˣԼʦĵӣʦǵ˿ܲôסϵ˵ˡ
ԣΪ˰ȫлһָûϵš
лһ˵꣬ݵˢľ͵
ڿͻȻôʱ뵽ܶҪ뿪ˡ
û뵽ӾȻһҪȥǣȥҲܽܣȻͻС֮ǰڸǴ˼϶ܹ˵ù
ӾȻֻҪԼȥžЩĻš
л־Ҳ֪˵ʲôˡ
ǫ˵⻰ʱʹԱŵģȻ˺Ƕ˱뵽ƫȲȥˣ֪Ӻλʷ˵ʲôſ϶λҵʦ뷨ˡ
Ҳ񲻵⻰лһԼģʱʷľȲлˡ
ֻǣʷ˻ؾˣοҲû˵ȥʷ֤ȥ
лһֿϵֻðٴηһЩѾˣǲ˵ܳΪţ˵ҳ˶ԲԣԱˣ
ֻǵͷȻϵµ
л־ƵĿϱٿһĶӣֻõҪȥ𣿡
лһֵʦ֪Ǻѣ֪˻ңˣһ·ˣлл
˵꣬л־ľһ
ȷʵˣͻȻоԼϵرûô죿
л־Ĩһû˵
л֦۾ĵܵܣھһҪչ˺Լһչ˺õģлҲŸɣŵģСģ
ˣ˵úչģһֱչңлһֵ
ǽӦģչ㻹ӦİлһֵĻл֦˸жһЩֻǸ¶ҪΪܵĽˡ
ǰ꣬лһϵ·ܶ඼ǰϺݵգ꣬лһֵĸӴܵ죬һ·ûôأž͵ˣȷֵĿ϶ˣԵǴл֦Ƶĸˡ
ѺЬ࣬ȫûȱлһֵʱ
ϵ⼸꣬лһЬл֦侭ϵ͵ƷƵҹΪõܵڵڶȥϵʱһ˫ʵЬഩ
л֦侭⼸Ѿ˱µĴǸƼݵСѾȫ
Ůʮ˱䣬ԽԽÿ
һҲ
лһͻȻ뵽һ⡰ҽĻ±ҵͷųɣҪõģҽãҽ㿴źòУ
л־⼸Ҳ˼ʶӵĻһӦ¡ͱˣﵱȻ֪
˵ĻžеûɲӦµġ
л֦СͨͨģŮӱ˵£ȷʵͦ˵ġ
ǵܵܽĻʱл֦ʣµֻижˡ
лһֵֽܶԷʲô ͨҲãҲգ˵ʱ˵Ȣҽ˱һһֻһˣľù
л־գգ۾ӵǲЩ߰
ֻһСţһʲôҲСãܼ޸žոˣ㻹Ҹ˵
ζûĺðɣ
͵Ĺİ
һæСӣⲻˣǼʲôԼ֪޸ͨ˾ͳɣүǸʲ𣡡
ùŮ˼ҵС檣ǲġ
ʱҲûӣԼҵĹôĿ࣬ǵĸôͺȥ˼أ
л־Ҳһֱͷ
лһ˵һЩʦ飬ֻԽԽã˵ŻǾ˹׵ģǱһʱɾͬˣƷһҽ㿴һƣҵĲʵˣҲǸĻ¸˵ģУԺҸҾͰˣ˵ǲǣ
л־ͻȻЩĺСӣ⻰Щˡ
вԼ
ôž˼أ
Ҳӵˡ
Сһֱº͵СģҲӣôŲ̫һأ
лһֵ͵ʱλүѾ˵⣬Ժ󺢶һΪˣԱʿڸߵλõʱ򣬾ͻи˴ǼңԵһҪΪ˽һУ
⻰һ˵л־һۣӱ˴˵񣬶˾ϲ
ҪʿˣٶȣǲЩ찡
лһ֡Ĺע㲻̫԰ɣЩ˰ɣ
գл־ݴӦлһ֡
Ůл֦Ļ£ֻҪлһûеͷǾͲ¡
л֦ĵĸжΪôܵĵܵܣһӣ


40 
³ʮ
Ҷҵֵˣͬʱ, һӵĽ
ݺһ׼˻, ֻζ౸һݡ
лһֵ鷳λæתһ, ͸ʦ, ǰЩ, Ÿջؾˡ
ӹû⣬֪лӵʦλ
лһֵʷǫ
һ, Щŵĵл˵, λ
лһЦЦظһ顰ʷ̨ǫ, Ǽʦ

λ
ʷ̨ǫǶǺպģôһҰСӵѧأ
ԣӦð, λ˵ںӼ丮࿼ˣǾȻôһСѧ, ôЩܡ
ֻ, ֲʡ
λСл˵ˣʷļҵλ˵һ顣
Ȼȷˣȫȷ
лһﰵЦַʦ֮ǰ, ԼʦҶ֪ʲôط, ǲ̫
û뵽, ֤Լʦˡ
պݽ, лһӡ
λ·ܹ΢ĿһЩ, Լ±ʱõĻ׻
ٴνӹȻ㶫ǲڻµġ
ֻǵǸӵʱһЩʡлӣηأ
лһһЦһʣһ͵ʦϣСģ͸λ糢ʵģ
һԼģϽƴǡңֻȵģ
лһֵԼģֲҪǮõģλĪˣ
ȻǣȻˣҶڴ˾ллˣ߸˵¶ţȥ·ϿҪѽĸܵС
ǰһûκͣĵ뿪ˡ
ǶģȻлһ˵С±˵Ǹǵģͻ͸ǵġ
˵СлӼҵĶóˣÿǰȵʱ򣬿ҪնĲ
ܲôóԣ˵л±ˡ
ҪǵӴ˻ȥýڰ·Ͼȴ򿪿ˡ
ǲҡ
ΪЩҪȾӵĵġ
Ҷ
Ҷлһָ͵ĶʱüЦ˲ 
ҵܵãָôóԵģҵܵܵдԽԽˣ
ҶεĿԼСӣ˼ҵдĺֺǸʲôֲԼģ
Ѿϰˣÿ궼ԣһʮ壬һιꡣ
Ϊڴ֮ǰҶȥлһˣǰȥҲ϶ڽǰⲻʱ͸ˡ
ӹСӵݹţҶ˿ҳֽ֮󣬲ɵĴ󾪡лСˣ
ҶڿŴĶǸӴ򿪣±볢
ֻצӸ쵽һͱĻסˡҿ
ȿģȻûпдʲô 
ҶٴΰϸϸĶһ飬ЦҵܵܣţҸ˵ұҵܵһʮž˲ˣҵܵܰģߣ
Ҷˡ
ȻﲻϣС˵ĻǺ
ԼĴӵʮţѾǳˣ˭СӵҲûأ
ڵ֪˼лСӰˣһѾ
ҶȴԼжôܵܿˣһˡ
ҶȻţǺôҲͯò˼Ҳһܿϣû͵ܵܶ˾Լϰɡ
ûĵ
ҶپôţȻԼҲ֪ΪʲôҪôţ
ҶŴԼָСһӵҵܵ˵С͸ǳģȥЪŰɣ
лˣлӣһлС˵Ǹʦʷ˵ġ
֪ˣȥɣԻᰲţҶڰڵлһѾ˵װ׵ˡ
˵С뿪ˡ
Ҷ˿Ա߷ŵֵһȥ𣿡
Ҷȥүүүүͬģȥүүˣ
ҶˡȥɣѶ˸ү͹ȥ
ǺãүүϲԵľҵܼܵ±ˣ飡˵꣬ҶܿˣֱүӵԺӶȥ
ҶЦЦүϲҲԣ˭֪ĻǽСӵĶˡ
ﲻȱʳǲôлҴĺóԣҲ˹ˣԼҲΪģ˵һһСĸʳ
ٶ룬Ѷһ£±Ķ͵үӵԺȥˡ
Ҷүų±źԼС˵
εζǰĻҪãСӲ˵ȥСӽӽôȥȥˣ㵽ǲӰҶүӵĻҪж
ҶˡүүĻشҪʵĻȥҵҵǲӣ
С ɣҲȥ˱߹أҪһ㣡ҶүЦһ䡣
ҶƲƲ죬ϵĲᣬͻ˼Ҷ治ס
үүô죬Ҫȥʷҵܵ񣬻᲻ӰǼҰҶлһֵŵ˹ȥ
үӿһ飬ŷһʵôģ˵˵
ҶСĵүүôģǽʷǾˮˮģȥûʲôҸͲȥˣ˼˵лΪأ
ŶҲǽĶӣôûʲô
ҲŶ
ҶүУҶϰѶ丽˹
үҧһ䣬Ҷٺٵˡ
ҶӰظյңͼԼҵܵܵƨƨߵܹˡ
л
뿪֮лһҲûڼǺ͵һȥϵѧá
ϾҪˣܲŸӺȾƣϲƣǽ񣬿϶ǲͬġ
ڿүʱˡ
˵ѾΪˣϵѧѾûжϵˣ˼ʱҲϯȻǵ
Ƕ°
үӺúõ˵һûӦʦĸΪǻҪȥҡ
Ŀү뿪㡣
ѧһӣ
֮ȥլʹ󲮼ңƽʱǼر࣬ڹڵʱ򣬶߶߶Ҳĺ
лڻãԼ񣬸ˣ
л־ƽͼˡ
ֶڿȫΨһţôͷͽ񣬾˵һ󷿺Ͷ˷ǳ׽
͵һ㣬ԺЩǴ󷿵ĴҲõˡ
ϸæǰæˮ衣
лһָ˴һСĲҶ󲮣Ǹ˸ȵģһƬܺһ꣡
֪֪ˣ󲮴˸лл㣬ллл־ƽ˫ӹ
Ȼ֪ʲôҶǾʹӺֲҶ֮󣬺ŶӵԵľˡ
еʱл־ƽΪǴϸĹ۲죬С
ǰ˵ʱСûһʾڽʱżܻῴˡ
ǽ
СĽѾ൱л־ƽˡ


41 
ʮһлһݺл֦һȥѼҡ
ȥǵС˾ûм, ˶һ档
ݴ˾˵, С˾ȥǺһЩһ, ڼ, Ҳûܰæ
, ҪС˾Ҳô궼ûпȥ
лһӦԼŬġ
Ѽסһ죬ڶһ, һҿھºӴˡ
ΪлһҪڰʮǡ
Ͳܹ˽𣿡һص, ݾæŸлһʰ
֮ǰѾʰһ, ֻû뵽ô
лһֵ֪ǰǰ£ȥȥһģﲻҪ, һչ˺Լģͳ, Բԣ
ݵ˵, ʵĵˣҼСԶµĺ 
ȻѾţǲŰ갡һҪȥôԶĵطôܷŵأ
лһֻôο, , лл־ƽл־үһ˽
лһæվүү˰
үɹԼ, Һһ, ȥ, Ҳ֪˰ţǳǮ㰲ٺˣٻɲ
лһֻҪܾл־ƽʱүүһû˯ãүүһˮݣ۾ڻǺģСӣ͵칦ûģﻹдڣæˣ
лһϸүӵǣŷˣǡ
һˮݡ
лһЩۣԼүӶԼͷεĺá
ֻԲü˸ţҲǲõһˡ
ڿ˶ôģҲˡ
ĺһ˳ԶţǴûȥľǣĴ˻ţĸҲĴûһо
үүǾģ˵ȥһүүȣлһͨ˼˵ĽᣬҲûټһȥ¶
˾ͺ֪˺ú˵˵ڸǮʲôģлһûᡣ
Ӽ֪ʦͬƣ˵͸¶˼ǳϤ֣һ˾Բ⡣
ôл֪ˣǾ͵õȵ˾ȥʦˡ
ʦˣɽúÿ
һߵл֦æվȥ裬ܵүүɣ
лһֵͷ
ǼڵĲҶ֣һǴģһ־ġ
Ҷʱ˵ֻԼ˵ʱͺ֡
ԣл֦ȥݲ裬лһҲû
ȲһȻݵһƬҶ
˲ҶĻ⣬ټүӵҲȥ˴룬жӸŹȥǣĻһӾˡ
ź裬ŵǸʵˣʱҪʲôõ¶ֱ˵
л־ԣӣ㵽ʱֱ˵ˣһģµģ
лһ֡Ĳ͵ĺðɡ
ֻ⻰лһ˵ڡ
˼˵ġ
лһЦָүһҵʱ˴žǣүүõģҲſģȥѧһֻǲܰˣ
л־ƽǿɲһԶСɲܣ̫ۣ
лһ֡Ҳʵˡ
⻰ϻţүӵ˼ҲһЩ
˵ŻүӴӻóһС

һСѵǮͭҲӡ
лүӵЩɢǮҺЩܵģЩǴҶҵлүү㱣ŵģ
лһֵҪܾүү
һӣʱүӾһС֣һھȻһҲûȫͻˣհ
ֻĻû˵ڣͱлүӸˡ
лүӡүү˵꣬ҪƣҸ·ʦǴ٣Ҳһֱ˼ҵ˼ҵĲǣǻԼǮİ˵ˣүүԺ󵱴״ԪЩǮģúˣ
ɷ˵ľƵлһֵǰ
л־Ҳû뵽үӾȻǮ
͵ﻹǮģĺҲв٣ˣ
ԼĶӣлүԵľûôºˡ
л־˵꣬үӵ۾һɡô໰þţԺҹﻹȱҵĲɣھﲻܸʲôǮｻ·켸װϣ
л־ˣ˵ˡ
ү˵ҲǳеȻҲΪЩǮò̫š
գүӺͼ£үӵǮȻ
л־ƽҲóһСǮԼٵӡ
Σүӵ֧£ûա
лүӡҲԣͲøˣԺ϶ҵĻչһЩǰ˴æ
л־ƽɬĵⶼӦģ
лһֵ󲮣ͰүүĻ˵ˣЩǮԼպãĲȱҪȱĻҿ϶ȥģɲ
˵ˣл־ƽҲֻõͷ
Ľ࣬жӸҪץҩٻ⼸һˡ
лһ˵⻰֪̫ˣĵΪ󲮵룬Ҳûˡ
ԼһӵԺ϶ҵĻƶҲһ
ү˵ŻԺ˺һɤӡ
ү𣿡
лһ֡ʹԼ֮ǼҴŵĶͶˡ
л־ӦأϽ
Ĳֹϵϴⱱ
лүҲվǼ͵ò
ⱱһæлк壬Ͻʵ¶Ȳˣ
ҲɶôϽ˵˵ܰĻһᾡģлүкǵ
ⱱһ
ƽʱͦʵģڱԼҴ翴һ֮ЩڵžȻЩ
лһҪû´ĻӦˡ
ⱱԼֵһۡ
ƽʱôէˣԽʽ˰ɣˣ˵ƨҲ˵ˡ
û취ֵܾԣŸˡ
л־Ҳֵӣ£͵ɶ°˵
ԼۿҲװ
ǰ˸ܡ
лһַһ⣬Ǿ֮󣬾վԼȥˡ
󲮺׵۵ʱƺԼ
ⲻ൱Ĳ
лһ֡㣬ˣ
ͬѧϷûУûУйϵ
лһ֡ɶϵ
ָһ죬ָ׵ʹⱱǱߡǣ˵еҲΪã
лˡ
ʹȹȥˣСǱĿԣһҲûУ⻰˵ľԾǷϻ
̣û̧
ԼĻأΪҲ˵
գⱱ󲮵İѻ˵ˣл˶һ¡
˵ȥǣСȥӼѧģȥģǲУУԲУ
лүһϷԡ
ȥͶʦѧģôܴСȥأǡ
ûϴæ˵Լæүӵĸ첲壬ү߲ͯ𣿡
лˡأ
ʲôϵأ


42 
үȥǵͯ
л˱Ļĸסˡ
СӾʹ꣬㲻úѧ, ȥŵͯ, , ǲԴŸˣлүӵͷһ䡣
εĿһԼҵĴ, ŵ, ǵģⲻǡⲻǳС˺ü궼û𣿡
ƺлıݱǸҪ, ү, үһ, ȻеСˡ
лֵüʲôʮſŵĴڣûʱ˵𣿸￼ŵм൱, ôˣŶҪдΪ, ôģ
ⱱЦŵⲻүѧͿ𣿡
үӵȥܺҼҹ𣿡
ˡǱȲ, ܲҪ˵ô
үҲʶԼոյĻ˵̫ˣж󣬿ɶԼ˵ģŶһ仰Ͳú, ԺǲֺԹ𣿡
Сֹһ䡰ֱ˵, վ, ˵ôʲô
л, һӡϳƨ, ٺһ䣬Ų㣿
үʮ
ǰΪǸģȥѧˣڿǸʱԼһϹ˲Żɲġ
ⱱæʹĳһ£үһˡ
˵ûʲôƤûʲôҪǰү۳ôģǺлҵĹϵǿɾĳ׵ˡ
˵лʱƢǸܸܵġ
ԽƢܵˣϻˣпëⱱָűһ
壬ǺûثĻһʶ˵еү뷨вУҪ˵УϾߣԲ˵֣ɲ
һġôµģүԽ˵ԽԽԽ
ʵǽԼҹĹϵãĴҲ࣬ÿμүӵʱرϲ
ΪСлֻҪлңܿʲô͸ɡ
ѧϰϲСӣҪۼĻƵĻǱԼҵĹǿˡ
ϲܸɵĺ οԼҹͬҲֻһ˵УүͲ̹ˣ˵⻰׵״ҲС
ֻǵⱱĻүҲ֪¶ȥˡ
˼ȷʵҹġ
Ҫǹͨӣ˵СӼҼҵʲôҲ
ͨ
Ȼǣ
Լҹǿ˳үԣһ룬ǲԼҹ
ֻⱱȴ۾Ķлһ֡ү˵أģ
лүӼæлһʹɫ
ⱱүҲŸлһ²ܰ죬ΪǲԺҵϵ᳹׶ˡ
ˣԺֻǸСͯȥǣԺҲʱȥͯĻܻиõȥ
ֱ˵յĻҿ϶롣
Ѱ
үӵģһͬˣǿɾĲðˡ
лһָүһЦүүȺȿˮȻ˵үүλ˾ͶϢһˡ
ɣһС˵ˣ
үӿЦ֮Ƶһɢˡ
ȻǹûⱱʰޣСӵ·Ӧûߺܶࡣ
һۣĬĬһԵİˡ
˵Ͳ˵˵ڼѾ̺ˡ
лһֲⱱôģһʣԼȵԱߡ
㣬л㣡лһĻһڣͬѧѸʧ
Сʾǣ֪һ㣬ʹڼҺö࣬˵Ҫ˵˵Ļҵģлһ˵꣬Ӳ󲮺Ǳ߿һۣȻ˵˺öࡣ
Դȥ 
лһɨһⱱԭڵֻҪҪ˵
ɵлһֿǵĺʱ˶ʱ͵ͷ
ľˣ
ѽ
󲮺ϵȻôСӵ𣿣
ͬѧĸңֵ
ţǾң˵һ飬֮ǰѧõʱһĽޱȵ
ⱱͷЩԾ
ΪǾȻûп
лһûǼʵһĴʲô û˵Ҫ㰲ŵĸࣿ
˵˰ϴˣӻ˵ҽͦϴȫ⣡
û˵ǣӻ˵ԲһЩаͲԽˣ˵ģûκѹľ˵˳
лһ֡ѧϰȺܿ죬ھҪˣǵڴʱôѧ𣿡
ʹĵͷԺʱڿѧѧ·һֱڱСӣģҲ⼸Ѿʫҳˣ
лһ֡ǳã͵ͷԵÿ࣬ˣֻţҾʹѧÿʼûкӳȥǱ˿ģ
ϵĵǣ˶Ϲ˰ɣҪôŬĻСҲһô쿼ţ
ⱱСƤ˰ɣȻ˵Ϲˣ
лһ֡ˣǼ˵ͯ°ɡ
лһַ·𿴳ǵ뷨ֱʵλΪǸո˵Ļʲô𣿡
ⱱֵһҡͷûκ⣡
϶ûⰡлСôѧҲܿüġ
ֻҪлСһѧÿ϶Ѷ͹ÿζῴлһһ顣
ֻǸʱûжˣڲЩڣʱҪöӺлСһѧĻǽ
лһ֪뷨ĻҲһЩ
еĺӶȵģ˵ģһյĶͲͨõģοһֱЩζƿڵģǶԺ˵ֱĥ
ΪˣԴ˼ֻһлһܳΪţ
ˣЪŰɣ
ǵĻлһֽĻͺ˵ˡ
лһֵͬѧҵͬҵĺѣ˵һţѾʵԸҪˣ
ⱱҪ죬лһֺһɨ˶ʱս͡
лСӵȻЩ£оֱˣ
лһֲǣͬѧϣһֱõѣǸıִһͯŵɴĹϵ
ı˵Ĺϵǵ꣬һֱźŲйͬԣĸźͯɺѵģ
ȥͯǺҵС浽ѣ߳һԼĿׯ໥Яɾ͸õδΪĸȽǰ;
ͬѧѪڵģվ


43 
ҡ
ͬѧŴ͸Ҫ˵ѡ񣬱лһָˡ
лһЦŵȲż, ͬѧ, 㵹ʮ
Ϊʲôֱ˵أлһһ, ûԼ
лһֳⱱһ۵Ϊиǵʱ, ǵ˵뷨֮, Ϊǲԣ˼֮ͲԹˣ
ⱱү, ǻ㡣
ֻ뷨лһָˡ
лһּȻٴ˵Ĵ, Ҫܴ˵뷨, ǵ·ԼߣǼĴߣ㿼𣿲, ԡʼ
лһֻ䣬ͬѧĵͿٵĿʼˡ
10, 9, 1ҵѡǵԶѣ
һͲˣֻܸ˵ͯЦ˱Ҹû, ,  , Ǿ, ҲҪȥͯˣﰥ, ˵Щ˶úɰԣ㻹ǵŵϣԼȥǣ˭Ҳ
˵ЩԼ
лһļͬѧģ
ɪˡǣ˭ҿ㣡
λΪͬѧʺϵͯ𣿡лһŤͷϵЦݱ˵˵ЦϸĻЦ
ⱱû˵ˡ󲮣Ǹոտ˵˾үĻģֲ˰ɣ
ⱱＫıŤȴֲòϡ
˵ˡ
ǾǲϣɸлһǼСʱ֪ôţĵ˲ˡ
ǲϵ뷨Ҳʧˡ
Ļⱱվҵ¶Ҳˣ壬Ҽﻹ£ˣ
үӿĵҪæУƽͣ
˼һмæܲܵ˼ҵ鰡
£Ǽ£Ͳлүҵˡ
һˣҲûٰл˵뷨ˣվʲôɣ
˵Ҳһ뿪ˡ
һүֻ
󲮺ˣ㲻ȥ𣿡лүһ䡣
֪൱˽˵ãҵ˵ˣֻҪҸҲȥǣǾңԺԼȥԲùˣ
лոҸ̫ˣһģȻŹ
лһֵǲˣҲûȥһҾҪȥˣҲһֱסҼңȥúúͼ˵ֻŵͯҲҪнֵܣھǵ㣡
صĵͷģ
֪лһҪȥǣûټлң˲һл־ƽʱԼؼȥˡ
ֻǣ뿪ûжãҷĿ޺ܺͳ
л̾һô£̫ѵˣ
лһЦЦүүҼбľǼĺ٣ԣǱֱȽϺã˵ǲ 
Ҳǵϵô
лһֻԼ˵ҲΪиԼѧĻ 
Ҳ˵ˣͬѧǳ󣬶Ҳܸ𣬼ȻĻٸһᣬһأ
¾ǸҲǹҫˡ
ӣǸʱȱ˵ĻıҲǲС
ֻǣԲڡ
£Ҳü˿ţкôͬʱҲзյģͱƵġ
лһֵ뷨ȫڻﻰˡ
лүˣ
漴үӶż˵뷨кܶ࣬ııҶ»ȥ һϣ붶ӶӲɾ浽Ǹʱ򣬱Ҳлˣ
лæӦǡ
ϵһУǶǿġ
û˵һ֣˸ˣͨһ㣬ǲ֪ԼҵСܿţʵѧġ
лүĺǰ鳣ҪƹߣǱ仰͸»ȥˡ
ͼԭͷ뿴ඡ
ڰϺԼϵȫϹ£лһֵ·涼˺üĿڴ
лһǳĬ˼˵
Ϊֹģϵ·Ҳǡ
ԭڶڹŴ
ʮ  ʱĩ
ºӴĴһл־ҵĴűˡ
Ƭ̣л־лһ־˴ڡ
Ѷŵϣͷͽؼҵʱлһֵؿڲɵһᡣ
ԭأеĲֹͽ㣬ӵүү̣һһҲˡ
дĺܶҲˡ
ҸͷҲˣֻǿлһ߿ʱеССΡ
ƺϵĲңлһʹĻӻӡСӣҿ㣡
лһЦҲ߻ӡãͣ
лһֽİڳϣżߵүүȥѧˣ
лүʹĵͷһ·ƽ
ǣԵүүĻ
лһ˵գȻŴʩһ
лλͣһڴ˱Աأ
ǲɸ̾үò˼⻰˵ģκ˶
ڴ峤Ĵ£ڴ׷׻Ӧһ·ƽ
أ
һ֮лһֺл־תͷ

ʻ룬ںڰʧӰֻΧָһƬ
գǴ峤˵ذɣذɣЪһøɻأ
ã׼ɻȥˣ
лиúӵȥˣǻüµظɻ
ºӴˣôôأ
ڻȥ·ϣºӴĴкܶ඼һ⣬ԼҵĺҲȥѧĻǲҲܿأ
л˶ôĶܿóһţǼкӿɶడ
ûϵİɣ
뷨˲٣ڽļºӴĺȥѧıѸٵĴ
˵лһţºӴ廹ֳ˼ţֻǼˡ
ʱҲֻ˰µ°ˡ
ҵһվֻһ仰лֵܹһţֵҪͶ˰ɣ
ͬѧһؼңͱֵʮֻ۾ЩѹɽȻŻŵĿ貿ԼСһ顭
ǰǵ·
лһεûڿһֽһ֧ƵڻΧķ⡣
ʵȥǵһл־лһֵһ֪͵Ķ
֪˱ˣǰлһֵ˵֮ǰѾѧȥ˾ǡ
Դˣлһֱʾ⡣
֪ȥ޷ǾΪԼְλ⣬ǰȥȻǲˡ
˵ҪȥǵĻлһֲûҪۣ˼ҴӦԼȥˣ⻰ʱ൱ĵ
ôһл־үǸˡ
ôĹһѹ϶С˵ġ
ȽϵĿүǿɣһһţҲо˿ӵ


44 
Сӣ㻭ʲôһл־һ, ͼԼҶӻڻ
һϳ, лһ־ûͣ
ֽϵĶ, л־Żͦġ
лһֵ·, Ȼʱ, øүүǿͽҲ֪ǵ, ʲô, Ժʱ, Ҳİ
úãСӣҲ̫, үүҸǵȥ˾ǻᱻ۸
ڶӵ˵л־á
Ӵѧʶ, Լôøѵá
ôĺ, ˶ĵطȴʣǾǿǵǴٵĵض
֮ǰүӿǴл־߶˺ü졣
ﻹ̫СЩ˵ˣҲһ, ʱ, л־ôʾˡ
лһֻô, Ͳɵ뵽լ߶Щˡ
лһϵ˵, ϴЦӦ, ֻϵȴûͣ
۸
ҲҪ벻뱻۸ˡ
Ϊһţ˶ʱ۸
Щ۵ҪԼˣôǰҲô۸ġ
лһȻԼҲʹ졣
ٴҲ
ڳϣ羰ͣʱ򻭼򻭣̡
л־ӲûзϣȻżȴҲûټ߶ˡ
ԼҶǲһƵģʵҲôˡ
һԵľСԪˣӾôܣ
һ·žǶ
ȴѾ˵Ȳˡ
Ҷʹ֪ʷлһֵʦǸھˡ
ÿ춼һʷտʼʱʷŷﱨֱӾȥˡ
Ϊǫͬġ
˵Ҷжãʵ̫ˡ
ǫھôˣ͢־ͷۣž͸ۣĸھȫۡ
Ҷʹлһ˽֮ÿ춼
΢СӽˣСһǸ߶
ͲŷﱨֻҪڼֱСӽ͵Ϸˡ
ɣСһ
ʦôôŽſڿöأ
ʦ˵Сʦʲôʱأ˾ǾһϿˣð
ʦ
ʷһڲ衰Ϸʦ
һȫҲûС˵
ҶСһࡰҵܵˣôУ˵ˣԺҺҵܵһӣ˭˵ȥֱӸͦˣ
Ϸеӣһһʮ˵Լӣʷ൱⡣
ֻԼҪĲҶҪˣСͽ˻ҪһЩС
Ҷûһ㱻ĸоʦҲһһɣһ֣أҴʦȥ˱߹أһʱĻزɣԣʹպҰɣã
ƤģҶͷģʷһͦ˵ģڳϡ
ǵÿ춼Ҷʷȴֻܴպˡ
һôܵأҲͦУڹˣ֮ϵҲû̫Ľŵġ
Ҷÿ춼ֻҪڼͻСӹ͵ǸԼˣ˵ȶĺˡ
Ҷ֪Լɳˣɵء
ٺ٣ôأҪ˵үүҵģҵѧ
Сˣǫǳ˳飬СʱҶϲݡ
˵ǾûûƤġ
ϼһʱҲضԿġ
û˳۵һضҲΪƢԻϲŻôġ
ƢֱˣزסˣֱƢ񣬶һһĳǾģ
ô϶˺ܶĳ٣Ҷһֱǳȵ 
Ҫ˵ҶϼһģãһΪʡ
£Ҳûô˰
治𣿲ã
ûж룬Ҳȥ˵ʲôǵġ
ֻҶĵʷֶһЩҪСӺԼСͽܹϵŲҶСӺɫ
СͽôˣȻܺҶСӱֺüϵ˵ҶСҲгġ
Ҷһš
ǫûû˵ģ͵лһʱܵٹڰʦ鲻Ҫˣǲ㵱ѧģ
Ҷ˵һӱģ̫ˣһȥүү׼Щ񣡡
ڲѧ£ҶһҲż
ʦ˵ڲˣԺķԼĺˣȻˡ
ԣҶϾʷǡ
ʦȻȥˣʦټ
үү׼ʲô񣿡
ѾܳȥҶһɤӡүүرϲܼܵҵĲˣ׼лˣ͵£ʦ
ǫԼѧûиˣ
ԼҲܱ˲а
ˣǫһкʷĹܼ˹ 
ſվү
ǫķôˣһֺϾҪϵˣñıǰ˲У
ҵүĻճ趼Ѿˣֻ˻û͹ȥǴлү֮󿴿ûк۵ģ
ǫͷҰͦĵġ
СӵƢѱҪʲôˣճɨҪõ˱ȽϷģʣʱͿүԼĴˡ
뵽ҶĻǫͻȻԼѧǲôλ
ȥע⣬үһϾ
ǣүҳȥˡ
ͬʱʷ˶ܼҸһ飬ǾǶүСͽܵĳƺ
Ǻ֮ǰλƵռүֱӳү
Сƺرġ
֪ʷûСүȴֱóƺͽΪүɼǶôĿأԺпܻǡ
ԣھлһֳʷǰʱ򣬵õʷ˺һ¹ӭ
үһ·˰ɣүѾںˣߣ
лһܾ֡ùܼڿԼʱЩ쳣ΨһȽİҲûжˡ
ȥʦклһл־ʷĴš
ǫڿү
ºӴ嵽ǣ죬⻹·ϵûӵǱȽϿˣҪѩʱߵֻܸ
ȻˣҲΪүԵʣҪĻ΢ĿһЩ
л־үһ³ƺƵġ
ʵ̫ˣһӻЩӦƽˡ

ʦãлһֹǫʩ
ǫۺӵˣ°ɣһ·ˣ
лһ֡ʦˣ
ǫһЩģԼ۾ۣ˵˵Ҹ˶СķӣȥԺȥ
лһֵ۾лʦھȥ𣿷Ƕ٣Լ
Ҳǰ֮ȥӵġ
ںˣʦǰźˡ
ʦã


45 
Ӽǿ԰סĵطϵûеطס, ܲõסʷ, סĻҲǲ, ǵһ᲻ĵġ
ں, ʦæ˷, ʡȥ˺ܶ鷳
ǫлһֵıֺ⣬С, õŵ, ЩҲϸġ
͵ȿ񣿡
ڼǮ, ʷȱǮ
οǮҲֻǵˡ
͸ԼѧһլôˣֻҪ⺢Ժ, ôԺھǾԲȱլס
лһֵлϵĶжҲûжľȥˡ
л־Ժֻص, ֪Ҫȥӵ 
С, ҾסͨĿջУķӿ϶ڹӼסţҸ̻ͨˣԲķһ¾, ⾩ķӼǮ , л־Ͳʡ
лһЦŵ, ǱҪе, ֹס, ʱҲסȷӣٺʦɵʲôǱԼ׬Ǯˣǲǣ
л־ӵĻ˵ĸ
԰һġ
ֻҪ׬ǮͲٵķ̫ˡ
ʱ׬ĶˣܰѼҲһžء
л־ѹʧˣлһֺǺǵȥˡ
ҵĴ£ſ˴լӣлүѡһԺӡ
һͱ˵ģлһѡ˵طϾ˽ҪĶ˹
л־ڼʰлһȴǸһʷ
ʷ鷿
ҽ֮ȳȥˡ
лһվԭǫд֡
ʱ
ǫŷġ˵ɣ
лһŵѧѾˣʦʵ棡
ǫɨһۡ棿ʲô
лһһЦʦʷ򣬷ô󾢵İҴºӴǣӦ뷨ģ˽ŷӣһжŵ׵ģЩͳʦ֮
ͦеʱ̫˲þǺ£ֻҪ֪ҶûжˣȵѧʣЩʲôʷļһᣬ⾢ͷʮ㰡
ֻǣǰлһ֣ڹٳϵ鲢˽⣬οǰϰƽȣԣʷѹû𵽶á
лһ֡ʦԸ˵ͻϵһºӴ壬֮㹻ˣ˵ʵǲñΪҼˣ治
ڽϷ򣿡ʷˣɫһ
лһû˿Ŀ־ƵĵҲʵʵ˵ҪˣԺҲҲҺͼ˵鷳ˡ
ǫһҭ
˵лһ˵ĻһҲ
ԼҲôġ
ֻôС֪أ
лһǫһתҪߡ
վסǫȵ
лһͣĵʷʲôҪµ𣿡
ǫһҭ
˵ָԱߵλǫлһֵЩ
лһҲţСһߵӴ˶áãģ
ǫԼĹٷлһֵע£һԵ¼ϰںá
鷿ǫ濴ʱһԵĸһЩ
лһ־ǾĿĶ
һֱǫ˹ٷλϣŸӵĿһлһ֡
ǫ֪
лһֵͷ
֪ĻͲһ١
ǫֵͻСЩ鲻֪ò𣿡
лһ֡ȷʵСܹﵽ֮Ҳҵʵ˵
ǫͱٹ˵ˣˣСһô˼ʲô
лһȻһƽĿҲգͺʵ˵ɣ㵱ѧЩ鶼ǱҴ͵ģǸ˭Ҫ˻֮л˵ⱲӶ֪ˣ
ǫˢˢֽдһд֡
īɵĲ֮ǫŸոд˴ֵֽݸлһ֡
˫ӹ˿֣лһֵ˫һӾסˡ
ʱδ
ֽϣֻôһ֡
ò˵Ϊʷǫдĸվ
лһеʱ򿴵Լ֣ѾʼЩմմϲˣôһëҲõóˡ
ǵӴǫĸʱлһֵЩ
̫Զˣ
ϣԼдģҲͿǳгУǻǷΪ֮
ǫ֣ȴһǳɣûκͣٵġ
ǿĸ֣лһָͲţ伸ûͣٵľȻдĸ
ʵѹС
ǫѷڼϡҪ֪𰸣֮Ϸģڴ֮ǰúϰ
ˣǵĻѶʷլӣʾ˵ģˣȥɣ
лһ֡л
ǫ۾һɡʲôϷʦȥɣʷҰ첻˵ֱӿңСӶҺλǲẦľˣ
лһֲĵΪʲôܸԭأһĺӣҵʲôأ
˵ʵûʸ˵¶ʱȻ˸ģôЩҲʦͽӿɺã
лһ֡
ǫֻǿվûȥ˵Ĵ㡣
Ҳˣλ˵ʲô취
Сһһżӣеģͦÿġ
ǫע£лһֽ
Ȼˡ
лһ뿪ʷ˵ĸӡ
ҲڿǶլ֮ȷ˿϶ԭģҪֻǫʦĻǲܸӵġ
ʷԼûֱϵˣһҲûУлһ֮õദ취ǸϵһסȻԼסӼࡣ
ʵϲûţүһǾ͸źԺӡ
˵ʷ˲翴ôġ
Ȼǽ˾ǣһѧľﻹ˶լӡ
ȻСһⶰլȴ൱ѵõġ
ۺʷһǱŴС
ӿլӿʼлһ־еʲôֻǣһֱܼҪҲû
գлһ־͸Źˡ
û뵽黹Щ 
ǫҲûʸ׵ģô⾩ﻹмܹʸأ
λ
һ뵽лһԼͷˡ
һСӵСӣôܵλۡ
˸ˣҲ֪
ô࣬ǰҲø߸ϵλɣǡʲôԭأ
벻ͨлһִӵڶûˡ
ǲԸ룬ûʱˡ
ڶһ磬Ҿ緹
ţлһŴֽ
ǵǵȫ⣬ʮۣһǸС⣬Сȫʫ
һһ۵ĵүϸү⣬Ӽÿʮһ죬ү콫ʵүǰү˵ϣүܽǡʫ
лһЩɵ 
ô࣬Ҫ


46 
壬Ÿǰ, , ǲǶЩҲûһӿôɣ
ѵԼĻʦëˣ
תһ, ڡ
Ҫ, ʦȫһ߿, Ƶĸˡ
лһܽ, ֻʫ, лһ־Լпǰͺ, Ƚء
æү֪⻹үӼҪϤķϼ, ʦֵʱÿֽ
Ȼˣÿֻֽ⡣
ֻ⻰ǲ˵ġ
ʦ֣˵ʦиѧǸǣлһ˳˳
ҵʦֹ˵ڱ߹, ÿһ, ȥջģ
лһͷҲ˵һʱļ¡
һҾ뿪ˡ
л־лһְѸոⶼһԣɻʵõӼ𣿡
лһ֡ãЩݷʱдҲ
ʦҲ̫, ִôֽ, ֮ǰѾô𣿡ֻͰ, ƫƫָ˶ʮſհֽ
ŵôܵ, л־ʵںЩⲻȥˡ
һʰŵлһ⻰, ǳ˳飬ܾʦõôصѧҵ
ԭҪã䣬кܶġ
粼õҵ¡
ȥӼôÿʮһΡ
ÿΪ죬ڰЩд꣬αȽϿ졣
лһţԼûЩҵʦһа취Ƶġ
 밲ڹӼѧϰ
Ȼ
ֻǸԼ˹ĵˡ˭أ
лһǴӳǴǰģϣĹپʷҶˡ
ģûбλߵˡ
ԴҲûˣ֮֮ɡ
ģ
лһֳԹ󣬾ͱʷ˽˳
·ϣлһ־ȥֻЦЦûлش
һֱ˵طлһֲȵĿǰ˳
ϴ󼯣
ƣȴЩ
˵Ǹϴ󼯵ĻЩţʵر
˵ǵĻϼѧο϶һ
ҲлһүıȽء
˵㣬Ǿ
лһֵĿһסʲôģ
үҪõĶⲻ𣿡
״ֵģ֮ǰǼүȥ˺Ӽ丮ͱڸˣһ˵ҪүϾ͸ˡ
Ȼ֪лһүѧȴ֪лһֵϰߡ
ڻشлһֵʱϴνӣȻﺰүȴûкô
ĿĵˣʲôҲȻһСӡ
۸ڶ
лһµľˣ۱׻Ҫߡ
ԺȻҲǿԡ
ԣˣлһѹûᣬɨһ磬ţСҲһĲмҪĶֱӰ˸ߡ
۲Ĳ
лһֿԼһۣϵүĻ̫ѧѧ֮Ҫ٧ǺһѶˣʲôȱģﻹͦȫģ
лһ˾ˡʦ棬Ȼ˲٣ڼ꼯࣡
꼯
ƲƲ죬м֮ԡ
лһֿһۣϴһЦ⡣
һø첲һףʾעŵ㡣
Դһν
һСӰˣܰʷôŰ
лһȷʵûôţֻûٺ˵һ仰ˡ
ϰһֱһĶʷ
ҲûоʲôСӶѣ˭ϸҪ֪үһѧүѧʮ꣬Ҳûѧʲô󻹱үӵ߹ȥˡ
СһүһָӵĸȥҲ˵
ʷϳȥˣлһ־ͱõ鷿ˡ
л־ڻʱ򣬾ԾĻȥʰԺˡ
֪ϵʷ̫ţлһ־Լһˡ
һүȲ裬үҪܾãͷǱʰˣҪȵǱȥЪЪţ
лһ˫ӹ裬ЦЦ壬һ᲻ۣŵʦУܿ𣿸Ҳͦĵģ
ϵЦ˼ֵү⣬ү˵ڸ͵ԼһУ
ˣѲԼȥæɣлһֲҳȥ鷿תȦ֮󣬾ʹȡһ顣

лһֶǰһҳҳķţһͿԡ
ȻҾ;ĳ鷿
鷿ﾲĵģżҳҲû
һʱȥʱȥûκεı仯
ǫظʱҾͰлһ鷿￴¶˵ˡ
ͬʱ׺ҲĶ嵥ʵǰ
ǫһ֪ۡˣȥɣ
׺ȥˡ
ȴǱ
鷿ﶢţСʲôʱ
ҵǣүʳѾãʱȥأ
ۿţɫѾˣлһȴûҪĴ㣬ү˼Ҳǲ׼гԲдһʡ
ǫȴҡҡͷȻڰ뿪ˡ
ΪʦҲиʦӣܴܲԼѧɡ
ʦĶģοҲҪѧѧϰΣ
ҹɫ 
ʷ鷿ͱҸ˵ơ
ʱлһֻ̧ƤһۣȻֵͷˡ
ҡ˵˵ڵĸоҭˡ
ı飬лһŰϡ
վϵĹͷ֨֨졣
Աߵıһڣˮˡ
ˮ󣬵ͦ
лһְŻԭأŴ鷿߳
⣬վš
үлһһϾǰҪš
лһְڰڡԼУʦǻˣ
׵ͻˣڷأ
磬·лһŤͷ硣
æǰһү룡
лһ̧Ÿϡ
׺˵ס
ʷķܿºӴлһֵļһҪ
ԣֻһǫ
ϣĲһð
ǫָԱߵĿ˵
ʱлһֵĶҲ˿ճǼơ
ûȲûţڷǰˣиԡ
ҵлһֵϵȥԷأ
ǫѾȥ˵ʷˣ԰ɣ
ҾͲˣллʦлһԱߵŵϴϴëһȻ¾ͳԡ
Ĳһ˳á
ڳԷʱǫһֱڴлһ֡
лһҲĴ뿴ͿɣͦˣʲôҲ˵ͷרĵĳԡ
극̵ȥһ衣
ǫƵĵүҪǼƬҶˣҲȲôúȵĲ˰
лһָնһĶ˶٣Ȼһڣ²豭֮ŵǵʱ򻹴˼ƬʦĻͷ
ǫЦˡͣȥʱȥãǻҸ㻻
лһ֡Ҿ˵˵ģʦô


47 
үҶ𣿡籧ӵĲҶʡ
ʦ˵, ˵ŲҶ, һ̶Ȳˡ
лһְڰڡǶ, һ
үǧôƺ, УЦŵ
лСү̫, ̫ò˵ЩԲ
ʷ˺ô˲, ʷҲôһλ, ڻлСүүλ, ǲѣСӼǳԲǴ
лһתݣһȡһС, 棬һװŲҶС
鷳ˣлһֽҶӲһݸ硣
æӹү, ʲôҪү˵𣿡
лһ֡û, ҪȥӼϿ𣿡
绹֪͵үĻүүһλʦүȥʷ֪ˣ
лһ֡л
ûлһָ뿪
ֱ뿪, л־ŴӺլӹ
ԺӲ̫, лһֺʱ, л־Ѿ, ֻеûʰ, ҲûӽûæŹ
ôŻȥѲ˸£л־ʵ
лһæʦԹˣ𣿡
л־ЦЦʦ˵ˣҾͳˣѧĻ˳𣿿ͦƣģˮպˣһֱŻţϴϴϽЪţ
лһҲЦ˵ͦ˳ģԺһᾭԼչ˺Լң
ǴˣСͱˣȥˮŶӶԼ˵Ļл־ͬǳһ
ллĵĶԼãлһֺܸж
лʲôţл־תȥˮˡ
ϴˢлһ־ϴ˯ˡ
л־ŶԱߵС
ԺҲʰˣǴżסġ
ھʲôҲﲻϺӵģֻǰʱļʰ׵ģöӰĵѧϰ
һû˯ãټϽæһ죬л־ûþ˯ˡ
ϵȵĺлһǹ˹
ΪôҲϤ˯İȵأڿԼЩൣˡ
֮󲢲Ƕһ顣
ȷԼʷûʲô£ŷ
ЩľǣʦԼôһԷ극˵˲Ҷ£ʲôҲû˵Щлһֵˡ
ٵģ߶߶ġ
һлһȷϵ˯ˣʶһתͽҩĿռ䡣
⼸·һֱҲûпսڽһͷһ̹˺ܶࡣ
ھźɣʵлһһֱһģǿɲڼ
ûۿ֮ǰֵİײѾʼˡ
һİײܲлһѾһԵĿյ϶һˣҲҺĶʣܹþá
ֻǣôණôأ
Ϳүԣ
Ǻǣ϶ǲܵġ
һֱôôȥһӳһҲˡ
ֻǣڵԼûôóȥԼ˵ʱóһҲͰˣԵ޹ʵĶˣϵҪҲ˵
ˣǾʱѷɡ
лһְѿյʰһĶȫӣӲҲûУżȻ󽽵ˮˣǺܷġ
ʰлһȥϡҩƬĵϸһһˮųҩĿռ䡣
˯֮ǰлһһֱһҪ飬ǾҩĿռˮˮˣҸطЩˮأ
һҹߣת۵ڶ
лһڼԹ緹ͱӵʷ
ʷϳȥˣҴ˺԰
ߣұ߽ʷĻתһ顰үүúѧΪʦڹӼڼﲻһҲżʲôʱѧʦʲôʱ뿪
֪ˣлһϸţûаĲͷ
ʷ˵ʱȻЩǰ»ͦ׵ġ
Ȼлһ־ʦЩࡣ
ô͵ˣõѧʲô
ʵǣСκˡ
лһĸ̾ʮУг״Ԫ
УԶˡΪ
ҪƽգĿбӡ
ʦģɸǰˣҲʷ˻벻λ
Ҫ֪ʦһ֮빬ϳĻԱʿΪ࣬лһֲŵļûʸڵġ
ʦʱҲûеһ£ǿСӣԼҲСӳ
˿ͰˣԼҲԱǾûˡ
ڹܶˣܶ˶ֻѧģˣҸͲʦʲô
ܶʱЩ˾ţǣ϶ǲܵġ
ԣҲǸ˵˵һŲܣܼǶ٣ǾҪЩ˵ıˡ
ķɵĻʷʱҲΪһ¶
ڿлһ֮ȴ˰ϧ֮ġ
ĺ֮ʷΪʦ֮ıز١
ǣлһȴǸһ⡣
ѹû⡣
ʦôܣ
ǰлһ竣Ҳһŵ㣬ǾǷǳϲ͵ˡ
ʲôֻҪͣͻ竵ļӽύ
ɣľ͵һеġ
ʾ˼жȣշ磬ڽ֮ʱжȡ
лһϾµ֪һˣԼΪһŵĴ״ԪĿǳ
οԼǸӣѧϰǣȫü
лһ˿ûΪԼװ۶죬װͺۡ
꣬۵Ĳˮͣ
ԣľͷ֣λлѧϰģҾһĲλĵطʣһʮҲ
ˣ̵˳
ôһһĽǣӲı˸ӵ졣
ҪǹӼϾҪΣлһҪѧĻҪٸӼء
ѧΣǫһûϳлһ԰ϰҰ˹ʵ
ǫʷĻлģý̵ĶˣڹѾˣֻһٲֵСû˵ʷһݵѧ
ĲһƨˣҲһֱµСˣ˵Ļ˵ĵϲлһӡ
԰һһӣǫ⡣
ʱɸɸǲԼѧȥ˹Ӽ֮Цڵãˡ
ܺãǫѧ
ңʦȥͣ
ǣӦ
л֮û뿪˵һ顰ʷˣлᵽһ£˵ԺļˣҲҪ°æڣ
ǫ۶µļ縺ӵʱҪ鷳ʦˣ
鷳鷳¸ǣʷ׼ĸ뿪
ٻʱ򣬾ͼԼүѾүһվһˡ
һȥлһһ˫ݸǫŸԼҲһģһڣǫ
ǫһڣѲ豭²ŵСɣ
лһһ֣ͷѲ趼ˡ
⣡
ǫҿûдؿ䣬ҪС죡


48 
һ¶ǣǫ˵¡
Լѧǰ, ǫҲûκιĴ, ֱӾ͵³һҲ, Ӽ࿪ѧ, 㵽ʱһͯȥ, Լˣ
лһֿһۣʦһ, ĸʶ, , Ҳʷ
лһֵʦбҪֻȥģ˲ɣ
˵⻰˵ԹӼ಻˽, ɲֻѧϰеģкܶҪ鷳, һˡ治һܾܾù
Ӽ໹ôӵ
ȷʵЩлһֵˡ
һҲȻ, ǵĹӼˣʮ˸ǵĸط竸ٲˣЩϲͷűҴڸҲǲܡ

ǿ϶µģ
ֻʦ˵, Ҫһֱûû˵鷳, Ҳȷʵͦ˵ġ
лһֺһ˵, ǫ˵һ䡰СԪ, ϶ǵòٵ, ҪȵѧϰǴ˱ȽϺã
лһֵ˵ͷǳϿɵĵ˵ĺе̫ҲǷգ
ǫСӾͲ֪ʲôǫ飡
лһַЦǫܵûй⡣
ʦǰͲЩˣʦŰţлһֶ⼸ҲֻƽʱĽӴ治֪ĸʡ
ǫһۣҲǲŸտѧ翴ôʵ
컬ĻǺġ
ѧҪˣȻҪ֪⼸˵ĳ̴ˣǫʾһ£һ̺ŵҾͼ򵥵˵һ¡
ү⼸˶ǴСʷģ˼ȫõģ磬ȽأõģǼṦãǸгҶ⼸ܽĺܵλ˵˵ǫȥˡ
Ҫѡ˭ܼǲ˵ģûүҲûд
лһֿһȦǣͻȻһ䡰ʦӼЩ𣿡
ǫһۡʲôܣոѧǶѧȥˣǽнд裬ɣǵĻģȥͶˣУѡԺͯˣԼ˳Уı룡
лһһˡ
ǽд裬˵ˣ¡
ͯʲôģлһûж룬Щ˶ʷˣܸãҲҪԺı֡
֪λ˭ԹӼȽ˽⣿лһʵ
Ŀվϵꡣ
΢һ£ǰһүĻСǰڹӼŹүһ꣡
лһ֡Ŷǡλʦ֣ټܣĶ໹ӮĶࣿ
꿴һǫȻ˵Դ˵С˴˺ܶμܣ˶ٴҲûǣССаٴ֮࣬ʱһʮˣ
лһֵ۾һӾˡ˭˭Ӯ
Σûֱ˵ٴԼҵʷˡ
ǫѾڵĲٺˡСӣõĲѧѧЩŵģö˶˵Щʲô
Լλʦֻһս߰ҲףսĻҲܱȥ߹ˡ
ķ⣬ǲҲͬǰ˵أлĵȷ棬Ҳȥλʦ֡
ʱûпȥˡ
̫СԶа
ţƼʦԽԽˣæʦ밡ѧôˣ϶˵ģдҪҵ鷳Ҫ̫ˣ۸ǿ϶ᶪ棬˭ҵһҾͺúõĸǵɫԺҲܰ˲ǣ
ǫһźɫȥ١ţ˵еǫѧɲ۸ģɱӺǳбҪ
̧ͷ죬ܾԼүյѧȹүҪ̺
Ҫ֪Ǽүƽʱ˵ʱ࣬ýȥĻ֮٣ô̵ʱȴǷλлСүĻȴÿζ˵үĿȥ
ԺĹӼܸˡ
ǫ֧֣лһˡ
Ȼˣôѡܴġ
ڹӼҲôȭͷлһֻû䣬ͱվһԵ׸ˡ
ɣǫҪлһɸͯģлһ˭һġ
ԭǫҪָĻҲû˵Լѧģһ㹻ˣ˸Щ۸˵ӡ
Ȼлһ˵Ҫһܴģǫûʲô
ͯܴҪ˸ʲô
ֻ⻰Щ
ܴʷˣлһСӾûҪָӡ
ǻƢɲ̡
׵Ļ˵ˣҪסѾˡ
˶ǫлһҲ˹
ô˵ЩҲʷˡ
ǫĶһ裬ƤҲûһµĵԼʦû
ѡ˭ѡ˭ʰʰ˭
˵ˣǹ˵ˣҵԼյѧ°ӣʷ˾Ͳˡ
ʦĻлһֶˡ
лһЦǿģ
صĵͷȻˣʷû˵һҪǿ
׵
лһָŲԶĿյص翪ʼÿ˱ʮУʮڶӮ
˿ǫǫͷ
յزԶҲࡣ
˵ģ⼸˻治Ķԡ
ĽͷӮˣȻ˺Ҳ˲ʣȽҪһЩϾҲɵľʹˣҪү̫òˡ
ʵǲģǿģһ룬ԼӮˣСһҪԼ˵ʱͺүû˰ɡ
Ǻǣϲ۸ߵ͵СӳԱӡ
¶˿ͷ͹̣ȴôҲû뵽
ֻΪǸնսлһ˵һ仰Ӯ˵
һ㶡
ҪԼˣ
ǵ͹ĴЦ
Ӯ㣿лСүЦˣһܴŲţлһֵĻѹûȥ
лһСӣƵİ
򵥣̫ˣһָͷͰſµ¶
ǺǣǾԣлһ˵꣬Ͱ⳨
ǰһүС 
˫·ģлһֿһֿۣ˿ĺŲʦȻ⳨˹ȥȻ̧˿յش
걧·Ա߳һӡ
Ҳ˼
յش׻һĿлһ֡
лһ׵ǰɣ
мĵүҪǴлСүɱң
лһֵĵôϻУſ£Ҳң
·һǳЦЦһ㣬׵ʹЦЦˣȻ׾ͲˣУ
˵գ׾ͳлһֻȭ
ĺӣһȭҪ汻ҽʵˣлһֲιȥŹ!
ү˶æڴƤȲǫֻҪүʹɫǾ͹ȥס


49 
ǱߣлһֵĻҲ˵һ䡰үͽˣ
ȡȵ˵ǫѾվ, Ҳż
ȥѧ, Ҫǽ챻, ʷɾͶˡ
, Ҫѧô鷳, Ҫ֪Ҳһ
ǫû뵽ǣлһСӲ·, ȻԼҪȥˡ
ⲻ
ǵлһֺһɤ, ӲİҪ˸뷨ˡ
ļ
Լѧɲü˵
Ҳ, İԼѧˡ
ȻлһҲô˵ˣʦҲҪôģ
ʱ׵ȭͷѾлһ֡
˵ע, ۿȭͷѾлһֵǰͼԱһ, ֱӲ࿪, 㿪ǸлһֵС˶ٵȭͷ

ȭͷлһֵ˹ȥһȭ硣
ֻлһ֪˶
ֻҪССĽѵģڿС˼ǲס
ž
лһֵӺһ£Ȼ˵ע, ֻС
һĵ׵ĸ첲, һֻعĴȭͷ
Ȼ, ˵ע, ͨһ, ſȥˣ
ˡ
ǣˣ
ôЩϷֲ
ǶһʲôϷ
ǣͱĵˣ
˶Щɡ
ֹǻɣױҲʼˡ
Ҳû뵽˵ĸߣлһСǰڶеʱ򣬾ͱлһָһƣȻ󡭡ôľſˣ
⻹㣬Ҫһͦ˵仰ҳӡ
ʹ˺һôĲŷ֣ԼȻˣ
лһƲһۣϲڵĳȻ׵ǰһָͷͷһ㡣
ͨ
ոպòײ̧Դ֡ˤȥˣ
ĵˣ
ֹ𾪣ΧŵҲһ
ǵﶼţ׾Ȼô˵
үŰ갡ǵСҲסİɣһֵˣ
ǲˣ϶뷨
˻
˻ġ
ʧӣԾ˸ô˵ķӸɡ
ô꾹Ȼûпһôˣ
ǲˣȫҶˣ
Լ֪ôµĺðɣ;ָͷԼˣȻǡ˰ɣ
ûأԼԴˡ
ԼҲֲ˵ģġ
治ˣ
ֻ˻
˵˼˵ʲô
˸͵ĻᣬװԴڵϣӲװ
ԼҲ˵ĺðɣ
ίͻȻƣûţѹ
ѹӣԺȴһҾ֪װ˵ӡ
ס
ǫԼĺӣ΢΢ͷҵѧʱңУ
ֻǻ
һүԿ䣬Щŵĵүүһֱôİ
ҪۿĻ˺˵үܰ׸϶ǲŵġ
ۿţǲǸոԼգ۾ˣԲЩûпأ
ôүηģ
ⶼҸֵЩԼ۾ˡ
ǫǺǵЦЦû˵
ԼҲ֪ô˵
ǹ٣СôģûȻ
Ҳ
Ϊʷˣô˵ԼвأԹشʲôľʵġ
СӵԽԽ˼ˡ
Ȼ˲˼񣬾ͼոջ˵ͦʬףĵһȻǣڵϣȻлһֵԱߣ첲лһֵôҲ
үūŰɣ
ңôᣬģԺָĶᵽĶ
СҲΥ˼ˣ
ūķˣүֻҪūŸһаʽģ龩޵У
ֹף缸Ҳ۾ŹĿлһ֡
ֱǸߵĸ߰
˵֮ſ£ſˣؼſµĻô˳
û˵϶ү˵ģɱˣַƤ
˵̫ңټǫҲԼĵ΢ָһ
ͽ̫ˣԵԼ̫ˡ
𿪣һ˱ԼĴȣ൱г
ɡã
ȰʰԼĸѧ
лһֶԴ˵ûв˽ʵõɾ
ʱȵ㰴Ѩڸ첲ڲ࣬飬Ȼָ͵ָ֮ҺѨʹΣʱȻȻľˣ
һιȥˣҲ
ʱ򣬻ôʰôʰ
˵ԼˣлһҲЦŽˡ
ȻʱҪ׶ЩʱٶۼģֻԼ̫Сֻ΢һ£žѹˡ
ԼԺҪĶС
лһֵĽͣԺ˶׷׵ָס
ԺǲûûСˣҪʰֻء
ҲүȽʴȣûôСӳԿͷҪǻˣָʰʲôأҲ˭лһʱͻСûԼĴ
ͬүٶҼаɣԺ͸ˣ
лһҡҡͷֱӶǫдˣԺôôɣʦĻҾʹȥˣ
ȥʰ°ɣǫϴЦĵ
˵Ľ£գлһִ˱Ƚлꡣ
׹ڵϣꡣ
ˣүڵϷ˼
ҲΪԼˣ֪򲻹үĻͲȥүˡ
ǵү⻰ʱָһʱ
û˵˵ֵñӷ
Σû飬һԽԽûˡ
ϣܷ֮ɡ
ҿ׵ˣǫ˸š
һõķǳŵ鷿ǫѸոյ˵һ顣
ǰһˣһţϸǲҶǫлһҪġ
˲裬
ѵϲǸ
̧ú˵мΣ̫Сɳ˵٣ʷѵҪǸǰӴȦӣ
ǫ̾ϢһҲֻԵɺϰˣ
ȷʵɺϣͽǰЩ飬ãһвû̫鷳
ǽ쿴лһֵĳһ£ǫЩ⣬Ȼ˵ǵѨܰʰûƢ൱ˡ
ԼҲһ
ǫֵǺʵĻô죿
ˣǸģҪԸĻǰС˵ף򣬴ã
⻰ǫҲһ㶡
ɣСԽߵİ
⼸صһҲûУϴθŹ˵ľ飬Ҳ£ֻǣҪлһֳãҪô鷳
ǫ걻߾Ͳ⣬Ͼлһ̫Сˡ
λһ˵ǫЩȷˡ
СӵԴȷʵǺͱ˲ͬ


50 
ʱģֻצ׵ĸ첲, ͰǼһڵ, Բͨܰõġ
С
, ǫŵԼ˵, ҺС˵һ
ҪǰղõĻ, ѱСӻٸͻҪʱ治̫ˡ
ƷС뱭ŵԼ˵
ǫͷ, Ҳôˡ
ֻǲ֪С֪ô
, лһүԹ֮, ʰһУ͹˵ϡ
л־ƽĶӣҪ, ڵõлһֵҡͷʾĬĬ߳ȥˡ
ǶӴ, öɡ
лһֿһ˵, ȥ
¶־塭үȻ֪
ˣ
ȻүѾµˣҲͲˣһᣬһҧ˵ү, 걾, ʷٰŵ, ǲ
лһĸξһ־
ͷҲô˵, ־, ͨʿɣ
лһֵվɣҪٵͷģվһҿ
վԱһվһһСˣһɱսʿ
⾫ǲһġ
лһϸһۡΪ֮ʢȻ鴫Ҳꣿ
ǣ˵ֶģʱѡģֻ飬ϴιүǰ̫Ӽʱġʵʵڵİѻ˵˳
лһıˣĸ˶ɰѹ㹻ĵ
˵Լλʦ֣лһֺȻ뵽һ⡰ʦֿ֪ɣ
һ£ҡҡͷүûʹڹӼҲֻΪҴã˱߹ؿܾ֪ˡ
лһ۾УȻЦ
˼˵־ڱ߹Ҳ
촽ЩЩˣүôǲ̫죬һСľЩ¶ˡ
ѾȷҪүģֻҪλʳ϶˵ģôһ룬ĵǿ˲١
лһ֡һȭҿ֣˰ߴľͲˣ
һȻתߵſڣͰŹˣһѾ£һ£ſʼȭ
һȭлһָ˵Ļ
ˮ쾡Ȼȭȭ磬
ͨȭǲͬģѹڴȭ֮ǰŴˣҪǱ˿϶ΪǸߡ
лһ֪Լˡ
үһȭһϵĺ
лһ֡첻
ү̫ˣ̫ǿˣԸĵģ⻰Щĥٿү쳣ԼոΪȭٴν
ĵģʵλү˼ʵǸӵĽ
ԼŹүһ࣬λ֪ԼĵϸλãأһҲûͱ˵ס
ҲԸġ
ʷˣԼ뷨Ҫлһ־ʵʵ˵ʵ˵Ҳû£˾ͻʷ
лһ֡
һͨͦģⲻҪģʲôԼҲ˵رʷ˵ʱ͸ˡ
ʷʷǼҲǻǾò˵ʲô
ʶֱڿлһ֮˸ı䡣
ڿлһֽѵ֮ȷԼԺ·ôˡ
λСţ·Ҳǳʡ
лһֵһ꣬ľȻĽӹ֪үʲô˼
ܾùֵֹġ
лһֵȰɣ
ǣ࣡
һ裬궼ȥ
лһֲķһۡͲȲȾͺȰ
ȣãæ
ȷʵ̫ȣֻȡ
ֻⲻлһҪĻҵ˱ȫȫҵģںʵʱԼ뷨ҪⱨţҲҪ֪򣬵ʱ㻹ǻʷȥ˵һУҾ͵û˵
ϵүģСļȻɵ˵ˣǾûдʷǱߴţԿСԼȷҪģСĿɶû
˫һСͲͲ滹¶һСصİɫֽǾνˡ
лһֲûнӹĴ㡣
лһ֡˲ã˲ɣԺʲôֱ˵ԼŰŰɣ˵˵£Ҫʲô׼ʲô
ˣ
Ҳ֪ˣһǹˡ
үȻû˵ҲҪԺжˡ
ôһ룬ͷĶˡ
СͲֽ˳Ȼõлһֵ棬óʯСֽˣߵлһֵǰ˵Ӽİš
лһֱ꣬ǹӼ࣬һİ¶治١
˵꣬лһԹҪ·ȻڳģһҲʡ
ŴֻиţСҲ൱
޸֮ģôһԣǻͦġ
ְҪĶһһĶװһ滻·īֽ⻹һЩ飬·ܱݵ״лһԼװˡ
Ȼ־ˡ
ΪлһҪ塣
˵Ƕ壬ʵҪѧȭ
ΧԺ˼ȦлһĨһѺ껹ھš
ѧ׵ĻҲУֻһ̫ȭǿԻаɣԼҲǰѧѧһһ˭Ҳ
̫ȭȭ۾ɵϴ
Żȭ
⣬ܾȣ
лһֵͷȻ꾪ȵ̫ȭ·¶һС
̫ȭǰһλߵʱ߽ģֻΪǿ֮á
Ҫܣǿ
ʵлһʰ׵£̫ȭ·ֻЩ˶
һСһ¶Դ͵ĺСƵˡԣҽףһףɲ
лһͬ⡰ɣ
ֻôͬ⣬Ϊˡ
˵֮ǰлһʰ׵ʱֻӵĻôڵ̫ȭǾ衣
ΪлһȭһһƵȭлһֵʱķ
үֻһӶôˣҪԼҲѧ˵Ļǡ
Ǽȭ־˶ģûʲôġ
ԣľʹɺ
˵˾͵ж
ϣлһֽǰĸ
ҲлһȭĻ
ڻһ
ܲЩǿÿϰġ
лһһԹĶĻˡ
óʵ
ͬʱҲȷˣлһ־ǰ;
ڶ죬³һӼ࿪ѧ
лһĳԹϵ͵Ӽſڡ
ϵһһͷ뿪лһĿǵķ¡
Ȼţϵǲİ
ԺҪŬУȡѼ˽ӵžۡ
ӭųлһ̧˹ӼĴš


51 
ţӼĴš
̤ŵһ, лһ־Ѿһλصص̫ѧˡ
ڹӼͶѧͱΪ̫ѧ
ôߴϵĳƺ
һ, лһֻЩԾ
Щ, ˻ǲ, ɨһȦ, Լж˵
ֻǣ䰲
ôվ, Ȼûһĵġ
лһִʱ, Щ˿Ҳֻ΢ľһ, ָվλá
лһüͦԾ
ô˶վĸоӦҸվλá
ô, ֻĽŻûվȣͼԼүֱ, ֻæϡ
ô, Ҳסү
ȻЩ˿ûںˣȴܲõЩ΢ͷģעҲȻүϵġ
ҪдһԺүЩͬɾͻ˵үĲǵġ
һү, , ӲͷƤһ, ȴںү, ͣһ½, ЪЪɣ
лһȷʵͣ½Ųˡ
ֻͣλǼ̫ѧŵļλã䣬ڷſһվһЩųˡ
̫ѧţǹӼĵڶš
ﰵ̾һǰȷʵ̫һˣүʱֱȥ̫ѧţƵô̡
ﾪɵʱлһѾǿԱվŵһǰ
һҾϣлһֻŵѧлһ֣ʦ֮ƴ˺
£лһļƴĿڡ
ں൱ŰҪǲŸսͱƴ˸סˣɲǺ°
лһȴһҲûţû¡
ͼлһٴ¾ʩѧĶڴ˴аհʦָһ
Ӽλճ£֣ڹӼִࡣ
ҪεģֻڿҪȥĵطʱ¾ȴ˵᲻뿪ˡ
Ȼˡ
ĹӼ࿪԰ţǵһμš
ȻˣŰ꣡
С˵һ¾ֵˡ
ûվŵİ˶ʵʵ
ԾǱѵġ
һߴߴģĶҲҶҷţȷʵ磬ȴûһ̫ѧеӡ
ѧ൱⡣
˾Ҫж˵ӡ
뵽¾ɨһۡ
˸ոѾѵˣôҪһŹ
˵ĵ£¾ٴ𡰶ô˵ģ
⻰һʳڣв˵Ͼ¶Ц⡣
ƴ˶ëӲˣߺߣɪ
ԼոձѵȣҶһѵƽ⡣
ֻǣлһôܱס
¾һ꣬лһ־ͲĿˡʦĻѧģҲȻѧģΪͽѧ¶ƣɷߣΪ֮
үãȻô롣
ۣ
Ⱥ˱ﲻסľЦ
¾֡СԪˣܳɴ
ͻȻ¾תͷŸոЦȺȻ˼ЦкβԣһζѣЩ̫ѧǸøɵ¶ǴͯͲˣεȵĿЦ
һҿԵվ̲סЦˣ˸Դ͵ĿҪ·ȥˡ
ոǾΪ°ѵģŸսһ˫
۵ҲĵСವϷ۵ӡ
һˣ񱨸һ¡
˱ѵסˣ¾ְڰ
ҶǰȥƷ
ǣ㣬һλΪҶ˴ӳ¾ֵ˳ָ
лһҶʩˣ
Ҷͷ̫ѧȥ
лһַˣŶߣͷոĸжȴոǲгɢ˲١
ĵЦү￴һۣסǵˡ
үٴһ꣬ߣ϶ҳġ
Ҫлһ֪뷨϶ǺһЦһꣿǲܵġ
ΪҪꡣ
ԣʱеǣҲеǡ
¾ָһλáлһ֣Ӽ丮Ժ԰ףվ˴򣡡
лһֹѧлʦָ㣡
ȻлһʩʩȻ߹ȥվ
λſҲǰһŵġ
лһֻԼվں濴ǰʽأڱ˵һţˡ
˴ܺá
ܿ죬Ҷͻˡ
ûилһ룬Ǳסˣѹûп˴أԭˡ
һֽʮˣлһֿЩ˱ѵñӶסˣ˽ԼЩ˵뷨
Щһʹ󺰴Уó¾ֵĻǾ˹ɨأѹֻᱻѵˡ
Ƚ֮£лһֵı־̫ˡ
˶Щ߿Լѵ˺üСƫƫվڶϱߣ
ǻұֳˣ
ڣ˶׵ˣ¾ֲƽĴһݿ
¾ֵڳ˵Ķ
ʱʼȽΪ̫ѧ
Ե½̹ӡһԻ£ΪԻ£ΪбԻТ£֪񡣡
ΪǣΪǣΪǡ
ǹӼļƣһھֹסĽࡣ
лһվǰ棬ŴӹƵĿ˵ĸ̾
ӽԺҲѧʵˣҪ˵ڹӼĸоǾǸ߿ĸ߿
߿ÿط¼ȡеģƾ٣֮ʱҲͽеôܹѡ
ôôɱȶľŻҪš
ѹһĶǼͷˣΨд˲ܰ
˵˴Ժ󣬶ȱҪסѵǣ
ʦ
лһҲһӦ
У֮ףȻ֮ؽ¡
¾ִ˰ݹؾɡ
ɺ̫ѧš
̫ѧַΪͶǼƺ¼Լ̵İ칫ء
ѧϰĵطöǼڴ˴
ǵסƫƫŵУ
ڽϵѧγ֮⣬⻹֡ɡ䡢顢ȽѧĿֿĿҪУɣ䡣
лһܣǸˡ
ûطأУŵ൱ð
һͤǹӼר칫ĵط
¾Աߵϣ˵ʦ
ҶսΧĸ۾һɨͷлһ¶֮Ц⣬һѵСʲô뷨
Ҫôȫһı鰡
ˣһУʱž˲̹
ȻǺɻлһֵЦô˵棬¾ֻѹĵɻûٵڵ
ˣԺСһӴʱǣɡ
¾ĬĬĹ۲лһ֡
лһҲĬĬĹ۲ǣͬʱҪסһЩҪ㡣
ҾݣȻ⡣
ÿϿʱΪîʼڳÿʮһ죬ļֻԪڡٻϵյʱУʱһϿΣ޴²٣
糿5㵽㣬10Сʱ˵ʵԽܣ߿ʱ򣬺޲һʮСʱʱҲͦˡ
٣޴²٣дµĻӦûлһûҪٵģؼҵĻҲ̫ԶˣһһصĶ˷·ˡ
겻ϢԼΣ©ȱͬ
һʱҶ¼ܣ˵ûʲôվŵȺЩѾðˡ
̫ˣ
˼Ƴ¾ŵģ˶վŵġ
¼¡̶վŵģ˵ЩԱˡ
һʱҶˣ˵Щ
ʲô
ûȥ˺
ֻܹվֱѾ൱ѵõˣϾϿʼһֱѵţҪվֱ࣬ԣס


52 
λʲôûеĻʹǵطȥ, ⵽ʱҪȥطȴҲţ
ûУ
У
Ⱥôͻأһ, Χ˶˹ȥ
˭ôȺģ
ֻ, ôֻأ
뽲Ҷһǰĵط
е˾վŵ˺, , λǸͷлһ֡
ˣԭǸͷ̫, ѹֿء
Ǻǣ
лһֵʦ, ѧǴط, ո˵˼ʾʲô˼֪ѧǲǾأ
ҶһԵļƴˡ
һԴ
ҶĵλѧϰʼͽС˵ԭӼһǴȫѡĵ;, ٹŵǲؽס޷õģǡࡱ, Ҳǹļ, ȣ⼸λֻҪӣȡաΪԺһٵĶؽġڹӼ, ಻ÿ, һ, Ͽ, øŲ˻е, ʱӼಢûУеʱ˵ȫط֮ǸλҪɷˣ
ǣѧ֪ˣڽļ˷׷Ӧ
лһһ֮ǰЦǼˣлһֳһõЦݡ
лһɨһۣллʦԺ˭ٸҸǰ£ѧһʦ㱨
ͨ
Ⱥ˾ˤˡ
Ǳŵˡ
ҪС棬ģλãô˵˵ԼҪ״ˡ
˼һû鷳˵ˣ˵Ҫȥ鷳
һСˤȷʵ뷨 
ΪֻһСƨӼ˵ȻǼС۸ˡ
⵹ãǲŸһ뷨ͱſˡ
ҪСǰһվ᲻ᱻС˵۸
СӹĺܣԽԽûܰ
˵˹Ӽ˶ǷСôô۰ȷǰ꣬Ϊ̫ѹĲ
ĹӼ̫һ
лһȫûǵ뷨ң϶ҪǵССĽѵġ
лһƲƲ ΢΢Ĺһ㻡ȡ
ǺǣЦ˿ɲôױǵġ
лһûмԵŵ㣬жرһͬģгرһֻҪлᣬԲ
˵һ㣬ʦʷЩ 
ĶԣǲԿ
һ˼鷳ԡ
ʰĲŹ֡
ΣļưڰڣҶ뿪˾һͤȥιӼࡣ
лһһ·൱۽ġ
칫ĵطľ̨ͤˮأļ¡
ѧϰĵطܿõÿܴ󣬾аʮ˽Ҳ̫ӵ
ס޵ĵطܸɾÿһӣȻˣʵסĸˣÿһͯסĸˣҲ㹻סÿ
УǺܴ
ǰһ߽ҲǷǳɵġ
ǱУʱлһ־ͼҶ۾ͻȻ˺ܶࡣ
ֻǵϸʱȴַƺ͸ոûʲôƵġ
֪Щʲô𣿡Ҷƽһ䡣
Ⱥм͵ѧƻ
ҶʵǻΪʲôҪЩأ
Ⱥûٴ𻰣໥˿ҡҡͷ
С滱λɡ֮˵վҶԱߵлһֿ˵һ䡣
һ£ɶ˼
ôһ˵ֲʲôϵ
ΪΣҶ׷һ䡣
лһּѧӼеԻΪոѧ˵ĲĻֲΪЩѧãΪʾϣ˴ļǶ߹֮⣡
ĵѧǺȻһĶҶ¼µˡ
ҪĻǹӼɾɷѿˡ
ﻹΪֵأԭôһأ
ǹӼ࣬ȣ
ȽЩ˵ļлһȻĵѧкβ֮ʦ󣡡
Ҷ˾Цŵ˵ͷ˵һҲǱߵĶ٣Ǳ֮Ϊ黱ഫλ⼪黱ϰγɾʹҵλҪ˲źã
ѧϹż黱
ôõϣҲǱ뷨ĹӼ࣬ȻṼˡ
лһ˵Щһվ￴ЩһһļĿż黱
ЩһԺ϶ᾭô¿顣
лһȴǶŲԶһȻγɵͤӡ
⴦ͤľܴɣΧһѾľܡ
ʱǾ³ϵҶƫƣ뵽봺ʱ֣˴һ羰
лһֲЩôӽʮ׵ͤʱ϶Ƿǳ˵ġ
Ҷ¼ЩԾĿ
û뵽֪ڻ飬Ҫ֪ĹӼĿѧھ³ЩҪĶࡣ
Ȼ֪лһֵʦʷ˵ǰҲڹӼҶȴλǲ˵µġ
ʷûʱ˵Щһ£λ˵Ѿ뾩һˣԣλСԼ֪ġ
Ȼ˲òࡣ
ôĿż黱ҲԶˡ
˭Ҳ뵽лһֵ˼ûôӣǲԶͤ45·ݵĻڣлһĪЩС
ҶǿͲסĵͷӹȻͬһ㣬⼤ӡ
ôûκιͨʱγɵġ
ѧ͵ˣ緹ǰ٧һͤ쿪ʼʽϿΣÿ˵ѧѾԣÿ˵ĽȥϿΣҪߴˡʱỻʿỵ̈
ʦ
Ҷ뿪ˡ
ڿ֮ȴǴһƬƬİ֮̾
ǰٸˣʮ֮ǰڹӼһǰʮˡ
ٶ˱ֳãÿʮˣֱǹѧ̫ѧѧѧѧһúѧҲȵӿΡ
ѧпʱصģ˿ΰϸס顷ëʫϴǡСѧӡѧӹТšĿ
ֵѧʱ˵ˡ
ЩҪȫѧᣬҲɣԴͻȻ¡
ԭΪӼԺͿ洦ˣڵãôĿʱ˲˺ðɡ
лһְŵطĿȥѧҵԼ֡
ѵΪԼֲãܹȻǺʦЩ࣬Ҳǲġ
лһʱԼԼд֣ܽЦдôôܱأ
һģֵܹõġ
ӼĿκܶлһֵθڣִһ϶ֿȫͬôıȽϼ
ֻ֪Щͬѧ֮ȥרһѧĿγ̣᲻
Ҳ˵ѧѧˣȥѧĿĿʱ򣬻ʱϰţǸ
԰˵


53 
ƫĽ䡣
С, СѾ, Ҳ, Ƚͺֺܶˡ
лһֺҲڴ, ͷ, ˮˣһҧ֨ࡣ
ЩСĵү, ҪҵСһݲˣʡһֱ㣡
, ͦãȻ˵, лһȻСǱɨһۡ
һۿȥмϾŤͷˣ˭֪Сͬ᲻ϱǰ
̫״˱˸סˡ
ûЩС߿ж¶, үôҲʷѧôܱ˱ӣ
û뵽, лһڼԼǮ, ͬʱҲôܸϵҸʵ
ҪϵӣһֱԺɵŵĻò˼͵ûȥȥҲûʲôֻҪǹЩӻõԼ, ⻹, ϵһؾǸ·, лһֻ治ġ
ֻ, ϵʺϸɵʲôأûá
кܶʺϸ, ŵͷڹӼѧͺ
ҪԼ׬Ǯܱ˰ѰѱͲ̫ðˡ
Ϊıῴˣлһȫûһ¡
ῴؿģ𲻴󣬶ϵǮȷʵû̫࣬ǰٺöûгԹԵеɫ߲á
οԺԼ״Ԫ˭ҿһԡ
ڣҲûλεվǰ˵ǿַӾͻرȥ
һٷ꣬Ǳˣζ
ô˳ԵĴҪζˣʾ൱ˡ
û취˭˼ȷʵǱ˰
лһֲſԼѣ˻ڼųЦԼˡ
ɣжĸľ࣬ڳŵľһ
ɣжҲû뵽һסľȻлһ֡
ɣ֣лһЦĶŵ˵
ɣжﻹסæվл֣֮ǰĲ֮£
лһְڵɣˣѣԺ໥չ˰
ô˵ã⻰һ˵ɣжҷˡ
Ϊλлʵǰ໥չĸҧ̫ˣЩҧгݵζ
˵ʵɣжͲ
ǹؼѺ˲һʦ״Ļ˵ó˭֪Ժ᲻鷳
ﲻȱǮҪҲܸŪࡣ
±Ӽ
ҪôȥˣɣҾܰˣοʮСҲǰģһŵڵſЦء
ԣɣжȻ竣ǻͦɫġ
֪ʲôʱõ͵ʲôʱԡ
лһֵչ˵Ļ˵ˣɣж΢һ룬һӡл֣ɣжĲ˵һҸһӣԺǾˮˮô
лһüͷһп󰡣һ
仰лһֵͦϿɵġ
ͲˣȻɣô˵ˣԺˮˮæİɣס˵Ļ汻֪ҵһ飬ҪҲ˵һ仰ʱлһֵСѾЩˡ
ɣжӣȫûһ
ͬԼ˵ĻˣҪǮǲ˵𣬲˵ˣԺϤˣǮܲܰԼס
һǰĺôôأ
лһҲһõѴˣܳΪһܲѣ˴Ҳܶࡣ
ǺȻɣжѾȫܱˣȻĻǾͳΪȫİ˺ˡ
ɣжлһĲٿˣʹԼͯϳȥˣһֱлһ˯֮Żġ
лһֻҩֲռʰ죬Ҳûй
ڶһ磬лһֺ괩·ͳȥˡ
ɣжһҲϾˣ˼ӣȻߺȡСү·
ɣɣжͯ˯Ժľ˿ţžԼү
һ·͹ɣжĴǰ̺·
ˣɣȥˮүϴ
ֻǣȥʱЩãٻʱɫЩӡ
ɣж͵ȼˣɣôòŻĺɣСƢñүôãô
үǣǡɣȥЩӵĿԼү
ɣжѾϴһͼСӻڿɵĻƨţϽģһøϽȥϿأһҪȥˣүôʰ㣡
ɣŸϽү̫ˣȥˮʱ˼ˮ˶ȣ˯һʱģôô磿ô˯۵𣿡
ɣԼû˯үǰҲϲ˯ϸ͵ˣȻҲô
ɣжһ£ȻëɣһӣߵſڣһȻ˶ˡ
磬ĺ磬絽ӰҲûС
ȥɣжСʵ±Ƶġ
ʵˣлһ˲ӵ˻ûѣûʲôõ
ɣԴһʱ򣬿Уˣ֪ǲǣ
ʱ·µģôôȥˮһЩȥˮʱһҪഩѲС
У
ɣжתתɣСȥУ
ɣ˵õľˮˮأ
ԼүƢ֪Ҫڸҷԣү쵽ܵ϶йΪ˲һҿԵĸˡ
УϣлһֺѾȦ
ɱڴܷˣعƽյҲ󣬶ҿҲá
Ȧǣֿʼϰ
ϵĺ鲻ͣµ䣬ȴûһȥģһỻѾˡ
ɣж˹ʱ򣬻ȷֵġ
үǱߵè͵Ҫʰһ𣿡Ͼ־ģ۲ͦǿġ
лһǱ߿˿ûпˡܿó˭𣿡
ǡɣˣ￴˿
ʱ컹ûдѾЩʵİˣܿó͵ġ
ɣжͨҪ׳ʵģǸܺõʾ
лһѣһ¾͵ǣǲ⴫ģ
һҲǣձүŵĲᡣ
˼ڲɣжȴûֻþˡ
ӣèţ̫ĥˡ
֮󣬿˿ʱ˯ĻЩˣ˯ĻЩ磬ɣжرƵڴϵˡ
лһֺһĻʱɣжԱɨɨ
лһǲ˵ʲôģһӣͲ䲻ȵ˵һ䡰˵˵ˣֻԼҲڣ֪ꣿ
ϵү֪μǣ
ɣҪɣжֵŲŲܸо˵ԼԳʱɣжҲˡ
ɣԺҪ˯ˣһүĻ¶ţǵӵүɨʱϵүողǲŸȥ𣬡үȥ
үǱˣҪҪȥ˹нأ


54 
һžһͤķٵıȥ
ɣж߿첽, ߴߴŸںɣ, ҾͲ, ȥͼ˵, ôɪ, ߣӿɡ
١ү ɣЩֽ͵
ɣжرͷԼĻ, Ȼʲô, 㻹졭㣿ô, лл֣˳˳·𣿡
תͷҪԽԽ͵ˣɣһѵʱ, ɣжȻЩɳơ
ǼģǱŵġ
ɣȻ˵һ, лһһﾹȻ档
ٿɣ˫, ӳʲĺ״ɣжˡ
ɶʱ򱻾סӵģȻһҲûо졣
лһѾԱһ½ǡɣ֣Уһ, ֪пշ񣿡
ɣжһڿˮ, ü˳۵ĸȥ
ʵ, Ҫܵ, 뺰, Ҫлһв¶Ƹ״ġ
ֻǣԴ˺һ˫ʵ̫
ܣܲ˼ҡ
˵˵һ
Ŀⱻ򻹲ࡣ
ﲻġ
ɣСӱ˼źͼƵģôԼҲţҲҰԼô
ԣɣжлһٴУ
СһɣжĴһ
лһֿһ۵ʵǲǣ
ǡʲôɣжӦһֲԣЩɵһ
лһֺܺĵĻشˬģ尡ԵǰɽǣŶҪ۵ģ
Ȼɣжʮʹɽǡ
ɣȻӦš
ɣжлһչˡ
ССĺôϣҲûУֻһ¾ʹ衣
ʮ֮лһͣˣʱ
ģлһĨһѶͷĺ顰ˣɣ֣ԺһЩˣҪһͤȥǰɣҰ
˵žҪɣж
ָɣжĸ첲໵һɤӾͶ㿪ˡ
۵ɣжޣ˼ȷʵûдԼǿĴ˼£æ𡭡ͼл֣ңԼͿԣߴ·ˣҪȥé޵ġ
ѽҿطˣǸϽİɣɲܱţҪǱôĻɾͲ̫ˣлһó·΢Цſé޵ĵط
ɣжһ⻰кɣéޣСүҹȥǣǣ
ɣӵ˹
ۣ˵ۣۡ
ɣҲɣжĻ
ȻɣжǱɣһ뿪Уġ
߲죬Ϊ˶ȫۡ
үҪҪСȥӼĴ뿪еԶˣɣСʵ
ү˳Ҳ뿴۵ſˡ
ƨϽߣ뵽ģ˰ٰģˣ
үû°ɣɣʲôҲûү˵Ļ
ɣжȴҡҡͷôҲɣҵ˾ү֮ǰԳµʱӦòµ򵥵İ
ܴǴСģôҲ̫񰡡
Ҫȥ߼ƣЩȱˡ
˰
ͻȻ֮䣬뵽һֿܣɣж˶ˡ
ԽԽ죬ɣЩˡ
үҪǱߡɣԼүǿŷ̫ųʾ
ɣжȴǰɣԴԼһ⣬ܵ͵˵סˣ˵鲻׼˵һҲ׼ģ
ǴǰĶߵˣү˵ķԼϣҪѹſˡ
ûүĻɣжݺݵĿһɣ
ɣˣϵͷˣ˵Բ˵
ɣүַʲô裬Ӱͬ
ү˵ĻǶԵģΪԼᣬרĵͬҲүԻ·ʰС
οո˴ĺۡ
ɣжģֹ˵˺ð죬ɣһҲûһһֱôȥˡ
ߣϽȥã㵽㵽ɣܱȱǸֵСһֱǿ
ܾڱԼҪôԶ˼ôֵأ
һǻиڱŵģһǣôһ룬ɣжɣˣȾܡ
ɣéһġ
˽ãȻɣжǵһġ
ûбˣԼȥһۣȫûκεıһķʸ첲
ٿɣҲһ
̫۸ˣһ٣ȻһҲûУôأ
үҪ״һȥｻ٧СĿ˵𣿡ɣҲܾȣүǰôˣûгԹôĿء
ɣжҡҡͷͷĵˣһҲ׼ᣬҲûţҲûУ
ɣޡ
ɣжĬĬİѷӷϣȻϿʱ 
ȴţҪһ뿪ѲС
һԾչӡû
٧ѽ֮󣬾ʽϿˣ˾ͻƫ
̫ѧϿεĵطȻЩͯҲˡ
ѧγҪѧȴա
һҲڿΣһСķʱ䣬ʱŬɿҵ
Ͼҵ̫ˡ
ÿҪ֮ǰϽʮŴ֣㣬Щ̫ѧЩס
̵Ļƽ˺ܶࡣ
Եÿ࣬ˣλ̫ѧǰ
˲
֪һ£һ¡
ŹѧôĿγ̣˱ȽϣҲƽ˺ܶࡣ
ȻѧҲϣⲻڻû
ķˣȻڴԵġ
Ƚлһŵĳ࣬Եż˵㡣
лһ֡ԣƷζ
ǳ˳顰үҶӱ˾Уζʲôģ˻Ʒ
ųԵˮˣҪûôԣˡ
Ҳ緹ģֻһƯŲҶӵˮټһһͷ
²۹ܶˣڱ߹ȻԵҲôãˮҲܿ༸ĲˣԽԽġ
лһȻҲ²ۣȴûбֳ
ڼʱ򣬳ԵĻء
ǰͷڴܳԵ𴿰ͷ˼ң治ࡣ
ǼҲһżһٻЩأԳԵĴ󲿷ֶġ
ˮȫ꣬лһһͷһһĳȥ 
Щҭˣүȥʢһ룿
лһվһԵˮԡˣ߰ɣ
ĸϡҲԱˣٳ԰
㲻Աôʰӣлһֺ˵һ䡣
꾹ȻԶԡ
ÿˮˮͷĹӦлһ־ڹӼˡ
տʼʱҲȥͼƷӦ̫ڼĺãֻһ仰ԴģԵǮСġ
ȻҲû
СĻʵ̫ͨ˼ҳ̫ѧǣЩء
תۣ졣
ӼӭһСˡ
Щ˱䵽á
ѧߣڱ̴Ȼһ˵λһ;ֱлһֵߡ
лһȴɻĿ˹ȥû뵽ﾹȻܼһˡ


55 
ֵܣϲлһգգ۾Цʡ
лһһҲЦ˳Ҷ
Ҿ֪㻹Ǽǵҵ, 
Ȼǵãÿ궼ٷŵ, ⼸һֱڼ, ֻǼûмѡ
ϤЦڼ,
ǰҶѾʮ, ϸ»ǿԿóǰӵġ
лһ֮ǰҲǴȥݼģֻʦҶһֱڸ, Ծһֱûȥ, ȫû뵽, ڹӼﾹȻܹ
Ҷ¸Ҫ˵ڽϵ̿ˡྲ
˵, лһֺҶƲƲ 
˶ѾԵλȥˣڲҲôˡ
Ҷüͷ
лһø첲һ¡һ¿˵
ҶҲ, ǵʱ仹ǡ
վѸٵܵ˺ȥ, Ҷλһţлһֵλǰ档
κ
Ҷлһ߳˽ãϸ˵һԼ
Խ˵ԽƣƵڽ϶ײˡ
ԭҶ˵лһҪϹӼʱ򣬾ͲŴ˹Ӽ
ԺͿԺͼδֵһȥѧ, ԽԽ, ˵һҹһҹ˯ȡ
簲ź֮, Ҷȥʷɪһ
Ȼ, ҶͿˡ
ϵ뾩ǰ߹صʱ, ȥԼ׬ѧ
ҶϸɣôȱԼȥѧӣ
ϵҶ߲ͨҶܵҶүӵԺӣûëĸı䡣
ͬȥ׬ӾͲȥӼѧΪĿǵ󽫾ӼͲʺȥȥ͵Լ׬Ǯ
Ϊʲô
үĵĺ˵һ䣬¾Ȼʷǫġ
ȻҶֱߵͬˣ
¾ͷлһֽǵǰһ졣
ԣҶлһֽ֮ǰȥ˽׬ȥˡ
Ҷ˵ǲرңŻģ
һҲ԰
ͻˣȥ⼸칻ʲôģ
ҶĲšǴ𣿡
⼸Ͳѱү˺һֱŵֵܾȻ̫ˣ
лһǳ˳飬ֵܵļ
лһҲǵ˾Ǿͱʦ֪ȥҶԭ𣿣
ѵֻûô
²ʦ뷨Ծת˻⡣
ԺҲڹӼһֱѧ𣿻бĴ㣿лһһ䡣
Ҷ˼ң֪ġ
ȻֻżлһҲ֪ҶĴҶӰǹ٣Ҷ̶ܴҪ·ģӼǲҲ߸ѣ
Ҷͷһ仰仰⻹˵ʱٺ˵ˣסĸ࣬ȥҴҰһ£
лһ֡Ӱش𣿡
¿˿ûпˡ
ҶεͷôԽԽǰأ㲻ͼ𣿡
лһһˣʲôʱҪȥ㸮ʱʦ˵㲻ڣҾûȥǴ𣿡
ϸһ£Լ⾩ҲôûмҶӰء
ҪǼĻеӡɣһӡҲûС
лһӣҶļӼĵһͼˣ
лһ˵Ҷ˵Ҷ֪Ҷӡأ
лһ֡û⣬İɣ
Ҷлһľᣬˡ
ڽﵱ⼸죬ûǿһֵܵӣһӾͳˣлһּ֪Ͳ֪˵ʱ棬ֱӸȥסɣ෽㣡
лһҲľ;ܾˡãһԺӣͦ㣬ҵҲˣҲһϰΣ
Ҷˢջ˵һϰλǺֵܣ
лһЦЦǾͳԷϰ
Ҷ޿Ĳ˵ã
лһЦĸˡ
ǺСʱһƢֱֱȥģѣ
˵һỰۿŵϿεʱ䣬һ߽˽á
ѧһһˣɵĶЩ
ʶСŰҶΪĶӣھ˾ûв֪ġ
ոպһļ֪֮ǰҶСô׽һ˵Щˣ˵ôõĻͲ²ʶġ
ҶǼۡ
Ȼлһ⼸һܵ׵ܵܣ۾㣡
Ҷʲôʱһŵܵܣ
ҲԼ룬ûʣҲӰ⼸˵Ĺ׽
лһ֡ңлһ֣Ǻã
ҽܣֱˡ
ڳ⼸Ҳûһġ
л٣
Ժͬˣл¾˵
Ҷܰʲô
һ˶һ𣿡
˵еֵܣлٱ
Ȼ죬ҲǵһμȴһҲӰǵ˴˼Ĺϵ
ҶһڣֻҪŵˣǼҲ⡣
Ȼ󣬿̽ʱ򣬲ŸԻλˡ
ѧͬȴѾˣѹСô¶ԭھ˰
ڽŵɣжǰԴ͵Ĳٵˣ޲ðҿ鲼ıлһٶ
ҶĶүǵʱɣҾͰѾļҺ˵ˣᵽҶҵʱ۾㡣
ǧǧǵҶˡ
ĵλȻǻεˣû֮һ
ǵҶң˵ССľˣɣҲס
ǣڣǵҶٵĺõܵлһˡ
ȻǸʰˡ
Ժô
ǸѽĴ¶
ɣжΪԼ̯ϴ鷳ˣȴû뵽Ȼôзˡ
ǾɣżһϢҶҪлһһ࣬취
ɶ취
ѵǰԼɵȻԼס
һ뵽ܣɣжЩ
ɣԼүɫһһıɫòһ䡰үҪҪҶٻסأ˵Ҷٻ֧ʮķã
ʮɣҲľóġ
ɣжæҡͷײײȥˡ
ɣںȰأһ𣬻һ¶ѾܻʮһܵҶүҲ˵οүҲס
ֻɣжͲ
ֱɣŻʰŶүͷ֨ˡ
үͦģ׵ˡ
ɣжȥ˵Լͬһ࣬ͬܰæĻԸʮΪл⣡
ԭǲͬģһţȻͬˡ
ˣҶҪ࣬ڵλþɣжͬš
ڻķãһ˸˶ԷʮȻ˸԰ȥԼǵȥˡ
Ҹ绹˵ҵȼ죬û뵽ôͰˣҶʰлһֵԱ档
лһ֡סﲻһ
հɣжʰס˾ˣЩϧˡ
Ҷ֪лһֵʵ뷨ڸء
ܹ͵ܵһúõˣӼҲôˣãԺǸʲôһòã
лһȴ̧һۡȷʲôҪһ𣿡
ҶЦĵͷȻˣҪҷѾĻʲô
лһЦĺܲãһˡ
ЩͬĿһҶ١
֪ҶŲţĺүһĻܻڽ


56 
Ҷʵ̫˷ܣ˵, һֱлһֲ, ŷ˸ֹһ˯ˡ
˯ûһĹ , Ժڽ֡
Ҷ, ˣ
Ҷ
лү, ү˯һ
Լ˵Ҫһģ, ˵𣿣
ү, ү
Ҷʶ, ۾գգ£ͼлһѾ롣
Ա, Ƕ½С翴Ļͦġ
۾, Ƶ
Ҫȥûʱ, 춼ûأɨһſڴ滹رأҲûУʱȥϿҲ̫Щ
лһֽӹѳԳͷȥ, ˭˵Ҫһ, ѵֻ˵˵ѵģ
Ҷ, ﾡ¶ʲôʲô, , ֲţ
û׶˼ҶûԼ˵Ҫһֵܵһ⻰
Ӻɷ˵ġ
ٵ·ϴһ͸лһֳȥˡ
ֻǣУ֮Ҷ˶̫ˡ
͹ǷлһһȦ֮󣬾ڵֱ
ۣˣ˵㣬ʲôȦʦû㣬㡭ô죡һ仰û˵꣬лһֺѾܳȥЩˡ
˵Ļѹûᡣ
ǸҶҶ壬Զ˵лһ֣ٿԼҶٵĿͣ½Ų߹
Ҷ塰үڵϣȻ׳ģ߼
룬𣬺ҶֱڣҪ̫ˣˡ
һǷᶼˡ
ˣܾòű˯ͱлһָˡ
˵õĺֵأôôأ
Ҷ廹Ҷӵү̫
Ӵûûȵģʲô˵ģҶҶվ
ֻЩûվס
ôվֱˣͼлһֺѾһȦˡ
ˣлһԭŵôˣ
ҶҪһ⻰ˡʲôвУ϶а
лһֻҪһֵܵУôܲУ
οӺɷ˵ж֣̫ӡ
ȻԼˣҶٿ൱ҪӵˣҧָһȦ
ȻлһҲͣ
лһߵҶǰȦȦ
Ҷܾ⻰˵ôЩζ
ⲻǲŸտʼ𣿲һְô̫ܲ𣿻аЩҵô죬죬ûдİɣҶ
һѧϰ֮оɣͻȻ뵽ôĴûдأЩľôأ
лһ÷ڲëĨһϵĺ顰ûдȥдȻȥԷã
ģ
Ȼ⼸춼ôģ
ðɣףҪȥд𣿡˴ȦˣҶΪǻģлһͣˡ
лһЦһ¡ûأһҪżȻȥ ֣
Ҷȷʵżǲܻȥ
˵õҪչСֵܵģôһ뿪ء
Ȼ󣬵ٻʱҶߵķ֣Լȸˡ

ϵڼʱţ͵ðᡣ
ϵȥ˱߹أû˹ˣվʱȾǹɳƵģỹ
˭ķӣ̫ˣΪ˲һֱ۵ĺ͹ƵĲлһһ˭֪һﻹڡ
̵ģôҲǸ߰ĲãָҹлһǫѷЦһµ
ҶԼظõ˵Ǳģϡ
ȴĬĬ²
ڼϰ۰ڼֻȻȦ
ҶЩԼľˣԭúӢģںȻЩôˡ
ѵǵˣԼڵ֣
˵ȥˣҪ˵еĻ̫ˡ
ԼİƱҲøꡣ
ص࣬ϴˢһ£˸ɾ·д֡
ȻҶһԵлһдŴ֣ԼǶµдɸ
Ҷĥī͵ĿŶٱߵϽͷҿˡ
鲻ã˵ģ¶ܲʲôĲڻ£ǶٵƢˣ水ס 
ֻǣҶˡ
Ҷȷʵ鲻ãû㷢
ΪԼԭ 
лһֱСɣ˼ȦԼ࣬ԼãдֱԼȵ
ҶĲ˼ˣԣֻܲͣﰲοԼһֵܵܶУԼôܲء
д꣬ȥ緹ߵãʱá
ҶɵĸлһһĴָһֵܵ粻
лһðȡ˳⻰ЦЦʱ׼ȷ֮ǰܹǰĿʱϰһģ
ǵȣȥϰΣҶ˿лһ֣ȻĬĬߵԼλ鷭˳
лһֺǺǵϰΡ
Ҷ¾ģ𣬲ܱ£ΪҶٲܱܸܵˡ
緹СԵġ
͵ҶҲҶӰء
ȥ˵£ûǳԷ첹ϣһ֪˭˰ɣҶӰЦЦ
лһͷû뵽ҶүȻѧʧ󣬾Ȼûϳ
ȻҶᵽλҶ磬ʵϻûˣЩ˵֣лһҲ治֪
лһԺҪΧͬѧǢһЩа
ôô۸ԼСģĵԺ鲻ٷˣе㶪˰
ҶӰؿЦһµô˵ʷ˲ú˵ģȻȻĴڹӼã
лһüͷԼλʦġ
ҶһԲˡڹ£ҿɲܣԺǳСǱߵĲˣ
֮ǰǸлһһԵĴҶԹ⼸֮;ˣԺʳͰڴϡ
ܻؼҳԣҲôԼɡ
ҶӰغܺ˵ĵͷû⣬һ
Ǿ̫ˣһֵܵܣԺԣҴҶ൱Ӹ˵
лһֵлҶĺ⣬ѧͲˣҳԴͦã
˼ҵ˼ҵģԼûйϵ
ҶӰذڵô⣬ƽʱ͸ҴУҲûˣǻڳ壬һСɣ˼Ǯţ
ΪӼһµ㹻˳СˣοҶӰкܶʱҪȥ£ҲڹӼԷ
лһֵĵһӡǳȻʷĻǶлһֻͦעġ
أ൱ǿҲѹְˣ
Ȼˣлһʰɣжǲ֪ģͲΪлһˡ
ص˭һӼ࣬ͰͬѸʰķأ
лһҲ൱ΣֻҪһȵѧϰѣûģġ
лһȻǾܾˡҶ磬ҲȰˣллҳԷԺҲǳԴȽϺãͰУ
ҶӰؿԼҵܵܡ
ҶܾôڸԼס


57 
Ҷע£ͼҴƵһ䡰Ϊأ
Ȼ, ֪ˡ
֪ԼҪС, ƫƫڵܵܵǰԼ, ˵ʵ
лһҲҶ
һ, ԼŶЩˡ
лһҪҪʱ, ͼҶƲƲ˵С, һһһԷ, ô죿
Ƥ, ˭Ƶġ
û취ֻѡһҶӰ˿׵ܵܵľ
ﶼܴôü죬˵ǹӼˡ
οû˭˽Լ׵ܵ, ĸ, , һԼĺá
Լȷ⣬Ҳһȥ
лһֳƶңϽвѧһˣԵܵҲкôġ
֪ԼҴ뷨, Ҷ˺һ
, ҶȷҪлһһԴ
ȻĵŷʢС, , ˵
ҶӰЦſ佱һ䡰, г֪Ǯ˾Ͳ˷ѣ
ҶһԼҴ磬粻ء
ôԷʱҶֻһܺлһһģûжʲôԾͺʹ˵лһһġ
ľʹ˴ķãûһµģʧˣ
˵ֲ֮˵ģ͵ˣȻڲ֪
ͷˡ
û취һ̫ŬѧòУıӵǸԼ
ΪԼĶӲôԿСĲˣҶԵ൱ˣҪûװ̵ϳˡ
뷨õģֻǣʵǺơ
תֵ˵ڶ죬ҶȴôҲ𴲡
֮ԴѹĿлһ֡
ֻǣһִֵĿûһ顣
ֵĿ̫ܲס
ҶãֻÿڵȺۣźᣬ飬þҪǽЪţ
ҪĻùװŲˣֱͷ˯С
ֻһֵܵܵǰ˵Ļջһί˳
лһϴ⻰Ĵǰһ˵Ļ˴ɷҲһŶѧϰģڿ
ҶСһ壬¶˾һͣͣһֵܵܣϾ𣡡
ˢ
ҶѱٵĴ·Ҳûϴľ˳ȥ
Ҷ忴Ӷɴˡ
ԭүôѸٵİʲôĶˣ档
ݹëлһֽӵЦһȥ
ҶҲæ
УϣĵӰ֮ͿʼȦ
ҶҧţܵȦʱȶӾͿʼ£ԼҲЩվȵӡ
ѣֻͣһԣŴ촭
Ҷæͣ¶ٳʲô¡
лһֱܱߵߣżҲ
˵꣬лһִǰˡ
Ȧ֮лһֲͣ͸˰ȦҶһ
Ҷ
̫ˣֻǳŴĲϰЩҶڽԵࡣ
ҶһȥͿ̣лһֺҶߣ˵Ż
Ҷ͵ˣǳȥɣǻûкúİɣ
лһһ⻰ͦ˼ģֻǸҪӦڿǰһڱеʱСͻȻ˱䣬ЩĬҡҡͷ
Ҷһֱģ˳лһֵĿ⿴ȥǹѧõˣҲ̫ͬ졣
ôˣ ôӵı仯ʶһֵܵˡ
лһֵûȥ棬ʦҲҵɲУҵдĿ죬ȥɣ
Ҷ⻰һļˣҵһɣܿģд֣ðˣİɣҵ㣡
лһĿһۡ
Ҷǵˣʲô񰡣ǺֵܣǲԼ˼
ҿ˵Ҷ٣϶㣬ʦõҵٳȥ棡Ҷ˵һ顣
лһļ־ִŸӵıȰһ䡰ĺˣ治ã̫ˣдģ
ôܣңһдر죡ҶԼظ֤
Ϊ͵ʱˣϿεʱԵܸоϵЩѧЩȸԾˡ
Ҳ˽ǵЩ˼ѧӼѧܹôǺѵõġ
Ҫ֪ĽϣкܶദǸҪġ
ѧĽϾûЩ£һƬͰð
ѧ̫ѧ˾ɡ
ʵ治ǲ飬ǲ
Слһ֣ۣȴǰѾɣжʰˣȻûϵͱѧһ⼸ʮˣɣжദĺõͬѾ֪ˣȻһ첻ʱѧ̫ѧ֪ˡ
οҶЩǵ˺лһߵĽ˾͸ʵˡ
ǲ𣬶
ˣѧõһƬ
³ʮлһӭѧӼĵһϢա
ڹӼʱһһڼ֮󣬾Ϳʼ緹ʳ֮Ͱʦõҵ˳
ӼЩϻʱдˣʱдģǶʦԲõġ
ѧĿγûôлһڿ֮࣬Ѿ˼·˳ˣʱݸ൱˳ˡ
ҶʱлһѾʫдãƪ۵Ĳݸء
Ҷһͳȥˡ
Ҷлһνҵ
ûдЩҵдˣдⲻǰһֵܵܣǲǼǴˣҶҪģҶ˶סˡ
ⲻд˲ųġ
лһְѲݸĽ޸һ²ŵ̲õҵдˣʦҲõҵЩǣ
ʦĸʦҶһûзӦ
лһЦһĸʦֻһҵʦ֪İ
Ҷգһ۾ȻȻˡʷ
лһֵ˵Դ
ҶѲ豭һԣȻߵԱߣȥлһ˵ҵ
ȻҶٶʱ;ԼԴ˺üȦ
ôĲۣ˵һ죬Ҳ갡
ҶһͬĿлһ֡һֵܵܣͣҰȲ裡
ȻŤͷҶٶŲ豭ȥȥˡ
лһЦҡҡͷȡһſհֽƽʼд
һʱת۹ȥлһҲڽƪ޸ġдϡ
ȷûдֺʹĽˣлһŽݸֽԼ޸ĺдһպã߳ӡ
бҪȥʦңأлһֺһݹİˮһڵ
ʹӲҶʦȫˣֲԵ޹ʵóлһ־͸ĺȰˮˡ
ѾĵĿҪ˯ˣȥﶼУֻҪټС
Ҷȥߣھȥ
֮󣬵ҶŵʱлһĬˡ


58 
ô˼ҵ𣿡Ҷʡ
лһҡҡͷûУģ
Ҷ˵ԴǰǺѪ, үүӱ߹ר˴ģֿ, Ұ, رио, Ҫ𣿡
лһֵɫѿ, ҶһۡԼŰɣȥУ
˵, תҪߡ
Ҷ˶Щˡ
û, ˵ĵҵʲô,
ǺѪǲʮƥģҪĥүүһ, Ҳġ
ǡ۵𣿣
Ҫôᷭ۸Լģ
ȵȣĵ, ø, ҶٸһƥҶżסҪ뿪лһ֡
ҶϾһȥˣﻹһƥƥѪܱȣھﻹûġ
лһƵĵԼϲ, ͵ˣ
, 㲻, Ҫ˵ʵ, ҾͲ, Ͻ˵ֵܣ㲻ܿңҶлһֲߡ
лһһﾹȻҲôʱ򰡣̫ѵˡ
лһֳ˳Լ䣬ֻҶϾ꣬οż֮£侹Ȼûг
ҶţϾĹĵģһ㲻˵ҾͲɵӡ
лһɨɨյķ䡰ɿ
ú˵˵ĻҾͲɣҶЩˣˡ
ǴźѪɪģûпֵܵͰˣȻˡ
ҶٲܽܣԲܡ
лһεĵ˵ɣ
ŶҶٰצɿԼ˦˦
ǰС˲٣ûסЩˡ
лһԼ䣬˿ֽЩˣȥдѾˡ
ɣʦҪѵŰɡ
㲻ϲɫҶһԲ²ʵ
лһĿһۣλүھܹô˼̫ѵˡ
Ȼƣлһֶ˶٣Ȼ˵һ䡰ﲻˣ
ҶһΪʲôﲻˣģܵĻ죬ͷһĿ죬Ҹ㰡ôˣ
ոлһֵɫֻΣᣬΣٴο佱ʱ򣬾Ȼ˲԰ףźر
ҶʣлһֿڵҲҶ٣˰ɣ
Ҷգһ۾ʲô
ֻᰲϲô˰ɣǰɣЦЦɣˣٱﻵˣлһε̧ͷ
㣬ҶǷȻлһֵĽ֮ͻȻӲ
лһֿҶҲ൱ƣҲ뿪ˣͲɣûʲôɶ˵ġ
ҶҲˣҲԼˣһĴЦлһסСԺſ
лһּ죬֪һ
ҶһۣȻĬĬͬʱܾðȫ̡
Ȼ㲻ģ̫Цˣã
ҶЦᶼˣΪЦ̫̫ᣬһЦá
лһ֡
ôЦ
ͲǰԼܹϣ԰һȦʮǮ߰Сʱء
¾Բ˵ҪˣҪЦˡ
Ƶ
ҪڰҶߣ֪ü
Ȼˡ
ͺˣ
ڣҶЦˡ
Ĩһ۾ȻЦˣ¶ҶЦꡣ
þûôЦˡ
Ťͷöлһֵ
Ҷεĳ˳ǡ
ҲǹҪЦģʵڱﲻסҶϻزЦ˵
лһ֡Ц˵Ļ߰ɣ˵ҪȥʦԷ
ŶʷҵķĺóԣߣһЦҶ˵ŻЦ
лһ֡һûˡ
лһֺҶһȥʷ
ƥалһֵκҶٵİЦĺѪҶͻظȥˡ
·ϣлһģһЩɹ
ں档
Ҷʷȱ
лһֻڳԼ䣬⻰Ʋһۡģʦҽ⣬϶رģ
ҶһڡôܣԹҺһ϶һ𣬺ֵˣԺɣӺɷôֻܲأ
лһû˵
ҪѧģֻǣλҶٽ̵Ļܾò̫ס
Ҷлһû˵Ϊ־ոյˡ
ҶֻãϲҽҲ㣬Բԣ
лһ
һ˵˵ôЦԼûоá
ٹȻֶࡣ
˵˵ЦЦ䣬͵ʷ
ҶҲǵһлһֻϤ
ЦźҴкʷҲ˵ʲô
ʷٵʹȥˣ˵˿Ѿˡ
Цŵүٳȥʱ򽻴ˣүȳԷʱٿУ
лһֵ˵ͷǸڷǰģ·һȻֱӳ緹ˡ
ҲգѾǷʦôˣٷˡ
Աߣкһ뿪ˡ
ʷ黹Ǻܶģʷڸ鶼Ҫ
Ҷ˦ӾͿʼԡ
֮
лһԱ߱ŵʪڼҲû˵㣿
ҶҵĲһѡ˵ô˵ģÿ춼ңⲻǰ˭˭Ͳװ˰ɣ
лһְӵϵʪݸꡣ
תһԵĿлһְЩֽȡ˳ϡ
Ҷ豭һڣŵдһƪУôʲôۣ֮ǰҪʷΪʦģֻûݳɣڿҿûݳɰҪôҵԸȥģ
лһû˵˵ЩѾһֵ
ﻹкüݶûء
ҶƢͶǲǵ·ͬġ
Ķδ·϶ҪȻǶ壬ȴϰңԶ
ȥҲģǰСʱ
ҪӣǼԼĿƾٺˡ
Ժϰ䣬ȥȥĻ߱·Ҳǲܡ
ַŷҵ飬һֱǫӻʹ
ߺȲ裬߼лһֵҵ
û˵˶٣ҲûΪʲôûȫù
ڿлһֵʫһҲûУֱ˦ʮʫǰ죡
лһֵ£÷ԼǰƽĴǣ
ÿдһʫ⣬Сܽʷ˵⻰ʱ򣬻ɨһ۹װȲҶ
ҶæͷƵġʷ˵Ķԣ̫ˣ
ʦ̫ˣǰȵڹӼɡ
ôʫ죿ÿдһ
ҲдٴΪԼûаʦɹоˡ
ǫûҶ٣ȻϸĿлһдƪۡ
лһᵽλʦʵ
ƪֽۣǫպĸĵСԲȦ
ЩСԲȦǲϸĵط
лһֻãԽ࣬ԺԼҲܱ⣬Щǰ첻ġ
ѧûڹӼ࣬ôϸ
ʷһţлһֵԴҲţʱĻһЩ⣬ǫϸĽ⣬ͬģҵϵıעĺȦˡ
ѧܹʣǫѧǳ⡣
װװᣬ
ʦͽڴ˴һԸ̣һԸѧһƪƪĽţĶԱ߻ŵ˸ˡ
ҶһѾĿʼˡ


59 
ʷ˻򵥵˵㷹ʼһֱ, Եһ, Լʱ˰ɡ
ʱʦͽһֱûͣ
տʼʱýȥһ, ˵ҪСֵܵ
ֻ, Ҷʵȥˡ
ǲ, ǡ
Լ͵ⲻģ
ãĿ, Ӽ, Ű, бҪôŵĽôĿҵ
ʦͽ
Ҷ١ǸԼ°ɡ
Ҷٵ¶ǳԳԺȺȵĻʱ䡣
ϵĸɹ͵ģѾ˵ڴˣȫҶĶ
̰, ģʵ̫ˡ
˵ȥĻֲԼջ, ԾֻԼԼ¸ 
ȺȲ, ԳԶСӣֱˣ
ٴθɹ̣ĺ͸ɹѾ
лСү, Ѿλĳ, ˳ȥġ
ڲˮ, ҶԱߵֱˮ, ǫǱߵĺֱӸһ, үСүûкȶˮȫûжʱȣҲżĿڸ˲Żڡ
Ա֮£ҶȷʵЩûˡ
ֹһʱǫŰѻԲȦֽݸлһ֡
עԺһҪעĲУ
лһֹĽӹϸպáǣлʦѧǳ
ɱԼһûûصĿ鱳ǿˡ
Ȼλʦڽʱ൱࣬лһ־ͬһѧ˺ܶࡣ
ǫһ棬ʱɫڡ
ٻȥɣҲûȥ𣡡
Ҫġ
лһЦӦ£ʦԷûʲôΪѵġ
ˣɣ
ǣӦһٵȥˡ
ҶҲվλڽˣоڹӼλĵӡ
ҶҪŲ䷹ˣóల˼Сˡ
ֻǣ˲ûжԺܶࡣ
ҶֻһͲˡ
ǫһôԱˣ
ҶæԶˣڻأùңٺ٣
лһͷҪԣͼҶȻ¿ˡ
ٿҶЩεʱҲˡ
ʦڸ⣬ԣ
ѵʱԣ
ʦͽһһʣԣ
żͣһ£Ҳںˮġ
һ綼ͷԵľˡ
ô飬ʱҶܰһȥѾǲˡ
Ź֣ĺ͸ɹԵˣֺ裬ͳˡ
Ҫǹ˼ӣ˳Եġ
ֻǱôһ϶ЩҲס
лһû̫ãڴʱ뵽һ顰ʦҵھЩģҪ飬ʲôɻ𣿡
׬ǮǮյĻͺ˵ֵ˼ҪѧҵϣǫɨһֿۣһҶ
лһֵͨԼŬ׬ǮʦǮĲҼõĻһʦڵġ
ҶñȥˣǺֵܣ뷨ˣΪԼŻģԺҪԺֵܸһЩС
лһȴһʱ𣬶֮ǰ
ȱǮ
ʱǲȱģԺ϶ǻȱȱڻС
үھǣǷӵĻСοڹӼҪϿΣѹûʱ׬Ǯ
±ǴģʱھҲϤˣʱҲ̫עĿ
ֻҲǸҶ⣬Ծֱ
ǫлһֵ˵
лһСЩ˷ܡ
ʦûһԷ˵Ϸ
ΪᰤһٴģϾѾŰˣڹӼѧ׬Ǯ׬ǮЩǮȥˣû뵽λʦȻûȥ
֮ϲ
ϣһ
лһҲ֪ΪʲôʦҪ˵ˡ
Ϊ߲һ仰仰˵ġ
ͨĵ췢ùҶҲ֪ӼҲһרŵļеġ
ΪߴϵĹӼǲôƺġ
У
ǹӼļе֣ȷʵͦµġ
ԭÿµĳһʮ죬ӼеͻһڼеĴڡ
һ죬ӼˣóԼĶͨޣȡԼҪĶԼزԼò鼮ֻֻһЩнļҲȻûкʵĶȡͿֱӳǮ
һ죬͹Ӽйϵ˱ԳͨȥڷŶ
ȫĺϷǳ˻ӭ
ΪȻܹôõĽףǿ϶ôģܹġ
οڹӼˣǹӼҶǵͷ̧ͷģȽͨļҪĶ࣬н׵ľ󣬾ͱǳΪС
Ӽļ黱൱еǻҲһˡ
Щ֮лһͻȻ
ȻǫĵͷΪ߲ͬû뵽Լ
ǰûͨЩллʦҲлл֣лһɫ΢ķһĨΡ
ΣĵĸлȻֻһУȴѹ
ֹǮϵ£оǵһ̻Ĺ淶̫ͳЩѹָС
һ̣ڽЩѹָųˡ
ӼﶼŻеĳ֣ôеСӦҲӰ쵽ʲô֣ԼĿƾ֮·
ʵлûбĳ·ԼĿƾ֮·ٱסˣԼû£Ǽ˿Ļġ
ֻǾž
ڻʲô뷨ÿֻʱ䣬Ҫɴ׬ǮԶɱģҲǲУֻԼԾоùҸڳԶǫ˵ŻɨһԱߵҶ
˼ԣҶҵͷʡ
лһֲʧЦʦûɶ󣬾Ҫ׬ЩǮ㹻ҵģ
ǫ̫ʵϣûпɽѣҶ٣˵أ
Ҷͱˣ
ǫǿҪԼλòʺϣôԼѧҶߵ̫
Ĳ˵Сһӣò˼꣬ɾ;ԲԼ֮¡
ʱҶһлԼء
Ҷܴ⣬û̫࣬ʹӵлһһӳ֮ĵлһֵܵܵġ
ʷôһ˵ҲûľʹӦˡû⣬ֻҪһֲų⣬ȫԿʮ̣ҶҾǣкܶ˹ʣ˭ҲҲҺۣ˭˼ԣ
һٸҲû˸Ҷġ
ǫͷųⲻų⣬ҪУѧҵΪأ
Ҷ١ϸ˾УֻСС뷨ѡ
ȱǮҶԼĵȷʵ٣ҶϽľã治һһӷġ
ǲ⣬ˣӭģĲһĶడ
ȻˣҶǲ֪ЩģǮûȱοҲлһֺϲ϶Ҳƴǵġ
Ĳ˵үүѾֹһεĴߴҪлһֻؼˣֻһֱûŻˡ
һ̣лһֺܸж


60 
ûһ˵, ʦҶô, ûĹҿҲˡ
仰Ĺ, ʵͼⲻͬ
Ϊ, ľЩЩˡ
Լ, ûжų⣬ֻôû˵, ҲΪʦΪ̫, ڿ, Լˡ
Լʦ˼ͨ͸ԼҾԸҲʮֵ˽, ҲѾԼˡ
Ȼлһĵ׵ĨѹҲʧˡ
ӼĻܱô, ɵġ
, ССֵȫҲˡ
˾͵óԺסãƶҲŵˣ̸Ͻѧã߿ƾ֮·
ڵһ, Լĳ֮, ɶõ
ӵ, лһûй㡣
Ϣ, ˵, ޣ
ܿ죬лһ־ͰԼ̬ʿũߣ֮ʯҲ˴ʥҲΪҵѧӿ·ѧ֪ôˣ
һΣǫЦĵ
лһĲ޵֣ʶһ¡ʦʲôһΣ
ǫڰڵûʲôȻǾˣҪ˵Ļöˣ˹ȥ
ҶıȽϴ󣬵ǲû⵽ǫĻһҪˣԼظžž조ҶҲ˵һУ˿϶ȱҪ٣Ҫȥæ
лһǳ˳飬ǿˣλŷӵĲȥѧˡ
ȻǲҶˣҪٺúõʲôӲܰѶóȽϺأ
㻹ʵһȥӼϿΰɣʮǿԳ𣿡ϾԼϴţҪǺȻóҲý͡
Ҷǫܲܳ治֪
ÿµĳһʮĻУ˯ģ治֪Щ¶
ǫԣֻ绹ҪϿΣҪǣ
лһ͵ͷȻᵢġ
Ͼˣôܵأ
һ׮˽üĿлһֵС϶ǴһЩЦ
ϾСӣȵһµʱϾܴϱֳˡ
ǫһЦѧ뿪˼ңŶͷص鷿
ҽ豭һԣԥվ
˵ɣܼҸ߶ˣЩò˵ĶǺģôԥʱ治ࡣ
һϾ͵үеʱҼȥүҪ׵Ķĵѧҵʱ䣡
ǫָεĵĸֱ˵СӵĶȥʷ
һףȷʵġ
лҵļҵ׾ҪӾЩõӼȥҲ߼ۡ
ӼһֲȱǮȴҲʲôܿϵġ
˵㣬плСүɺö⣬ЩʲôҲǡ
ĵλлСүĶһҲȥ˼зǳ뷨ӣʱܻܴ
ԼҼȥѶ׬Ѿ׬ˣľ¡
ǫʮżȥ꣬ʱˣʵȥҲף֮»кܶ࣬ҲСβˣ
ǣӦ˳鷿
Ź֮ү˵Ļﻰ
ȥ꣬꼸һ໥æͲлСүǷүˣȻߣ
Ȼү˵ʱˣȻǰ鰲ȥˡ
ʱȥԼүҲģҪүͻֱ˵ȥ˵ġ
һǱȽ˽ԼүģҲʷλϣƢȽϾšĽġ
ò˵үлСүĲ
ֻϣСүҲ˽үƬ˼ɡ
лһǺҶһߵġ
ɫѾ·мƵƵģҶǰִһյƣ·ǲġ
лһֵɫ̫ˣͲȥϰݼԺʱɣ
ҶЦ㻹ͦæģУʲôʱȥУҪ˰Ҫõ𣿲Ҫõʲôֻ˵ɱ⣡
лһҲЦЦŵȻģʦ϶ᰲ˹æʱ򲻹Ļٽ㣡
ɣֵܲö˵ģס
Ҷûٺлһֻȥ·ھͷֿˡ
ҶҶ˷۶ȥ۾һĨĽ
ˣͦ
үѧĻƥϺõսȻǲȺѪ󣬿ҪһҲûеģ
лһæڡʱûпѧԺ˵ɣ
ϺõսڻֻһţǾҲ˵ҪҪġ
սԼ˷ѣԼʵĵطɡ
ѧԺлģӼҲмµĿγѧЩǲҪż
ʱһֱţôĲܽ˴ҩֲռó
лլ
лһǴʱסԺӡ
Ѿĳлլңлһͷɵһ
ٶȿɹģԼϵû˼ģϾⶫɲ˵˵ġ
֮󣬲ûмϵһֱ˺ԺſϵԺӡ
ԺĿյأ󲿷ֶѾںˡ
˭ϵģлһʵ
л־ʷϵģ˵ԺľͺˣҪԶ𣿡
лһֵԹˣҰһڣ
л־ЦŵãԼУȥЪŰɣطҲǿţҴֵˣԺҲв˳ˣ㿴ǱֵĻǲİɣ
ϵĲˣл־ʱʱϵġ
ȻµһһĶЩˣǰ¶ԵҪһЩ̫Ҳº͡
ż첻ĹС˻ǳ˲١
лһһϾ뷨
и뷨ǹȥȥյˮһϴ裡ϵǽȥ
ǣӦ뿪ˡ
л־֪ӵ뷨֪Ҫ˵ʱ򣬾ͰһŸž˹
л־˵ģĲ˳Ļǲ
ʱӵʱ򣬻ЩģԳҲġ
İײܲôİ˼С磬лһֵʵ
󣡡ĲҪ˶ˡ
л־ΪʲôôʣΪܽʡһЩԵĻЩǾǾ ײܲҲģѾһЩ̲ԣͺܽԼˡ
ЩںȥѧʱһֱЩлһֻʱ򣬶ǳԵһģ𵹲̫
лһֵСһЩǶЩȥǮɣ׬Ǯã
л־ĿЩͲʹˣҪһӽٰٿţ
ûл῿ƵģͲ󣡡л־ģֻ̫󣬶Ҳˣû뵽ӾȻҲ㡣
ΪͲôлһֲŻʼ
Ҫ̫ĻҲû̫ĳɱ
Ȼò˶ٳɱģ̫ĻҪ͵ģԣɡ


61 
ү˵Żл־ĻȻڼ, Ƶ, Ȼ˳衣
ĴƬԺӶѾ, ȻʱûҪʲô, ȴҲڡ
ʵǼеķš
лһֵ, ƲƵȲƽϣ, ΢ӵǮȥ, ˵е׬𣿡
, л־ϵͷĻȻе׬ģֻǱôײ˵, ˼ǵ𣿡
˶̻࣬Ҳ١
ССֵĸ׬Ǯ, Ļ, ôҪȥǾͿˡ
лһ֪ϵˣָŽСײ ֵЩСײ˾ͲզһЩС, ּ, ÿ³һʮ, ǹӼл, ʱȥ, ϶ȥģа취
л־ɫÿ˲١ȥֻҪ׬ߺǮУ
ϵǺġ
׬ߺǮ
ôУ
ײҲǲͬģԼóİײˣǾǰײ֮ҲΪ
ԹӼΪʼг׬Ǯ·ڴ˿ʼˡ
һ˵£л־ˣȥٿţСģҲٶ㣬˶ʱԼԣòС
˺·ˣл־ɻʱˡ
лһҪѧϵһײ˵顣
ӦţȻɻ󣬿үѾˣҲͰǷȥˡ
ڶһ磬˳˷лһȥӼϿΣ˵ʮô߼۵İ취
֪үзˣҲͺʵĺл־һȥײˡ
лһֵӼķ㣬ҶСȥ
СеĲ˶ԼǮģлһְŽļɫ˳˳
ʵҪ˵óԣҲǳԻлһ˵㲻ϡ
Ҳɡ
ҶЩ۵ĵһ֣Ҿ˵˵ģҪСĲˣ㿴ҪԵĻ¶㰡
лһ硢ҪСԣȻÿζǵһˣźü죬ҲǲСġ
Ѿһ˵˺üˣֻ˵лһҪģ羹Ȼţ˵˲
лһֵٳһپУ㲻ϲ𣿡
УȴĺóԣҶǸʵˣ˵Ҳرʵڵġ
ǾͿʼ԰ɣлһӿʼԷ
ҶҲԣֻżͣ¿ӵʱͻЩᡣ
ǲǷʲô֪أҪôôһǮأ
ҶڶȰȰģʱлһֻһСǾͻص˴
Ҷһȣζֱˣ
ʮ磬лһƴ٣ǰһϻȥ׼ҪõĶ
Ҳûʲô飬ƴ˾׼ļ١
Ҷ˵ʱȥ٣Ѿˡ
ƴ˺ľܾˣɾлһּҽҪ׼ڻҶٺȻòڡ
Ҷżƴ˸Ͳᣬתˣƾͱˡ
ֻÿлһյ뿪˹ӼĴš
֮лһֿںԺֵİײˣʱ䣬ȻÿСĵĿţЩײȻЩаġ
л־ĲԷˡ
һСˮݣİٿСЩİײˣΪȥģһҪٿСģָһٿŵͷ
ʵЩͷûʲôôͳҲǸ˶Էһˡ
л־û˼ҵĶָǮ
ǮģȻǽˮЩײȻţл־۵ֱ顣
ЩɶǮ
ǵĶ͹ҪǶԺɾ͸ˡ
лһЦŰοϵԼһʷʦæˣȻʼˣȻҪˡ
·ϣ˾ǵĻǺϡ
겻⣬ȴҲ֪үû˵ŻǺӵĵʡ
ֻǣлһȴڿˮ֮һԵľ˹ȥ
˫ˮͣĲŪˮһֺ
껹СӵƢ԰ôЩĸү󣬶ˡ
УлһһԼˡ
ȻŻصʰײ˵ء
ǵСģƺ֮ǰˮĸͲƵġ
лһȻˣǿ棬ʵҩֲռװˮ
ЩˮЩײ˾Ͳ򲻿·ˡ
ʮ
һ죬ӼĴһľʹ󿪡
ǣӼ࣬
컹ʱ򣬹Ӽſھġ
кܶ඼Ǻüһ￸ġ
һ࣬Ҳ۵ģѧлһּҵ̯λ
˵ĺôҲֻ鼮ȣ΢Щ̫˵ĻǾԼòŵĳԺõĶλأȻĺü󳵵ġײˣ
ҶµʱԼҲסˡ
ǺӲǺ˰׵ܵܺ˼ʶ֮ÿ궼żοлһ֮󣬲ûֱӵȻǺǰһıϵ
ƽȣ˿б뷨
ΣȷʵЩĪˡ
ƴҲЩεĸ֮ˣô뷨Ҳ治ࡣ
ƴ˵ȥţҪʲô龡챨˹ӼӾУģȥŰɣ
ǣҶӰҲֻӦ
ɫԽԽ
ӼĻϣҲͷܶ
ȺԶķֳţߵĺģ࿴ġ
˶࣬ȴǾȻ
Ƚߵ֣һ̯λϣЩˡ
̯λϰżٿŵĴײˣһԻһڹӣһջ
ҶＱֱתȦ˵㵽ʲôİľͿʼײ˳԰˭ûԹӴҵ˶ˣأǶɻǣ
лһסҰѿӺźã
ҶôżΪ˭Ӵ
ҶѾתһˣ˼ٻΧŵˣżиʼ۵ģﻻҲ໥̸̸
̯λã·Уֻÿȥ˶ǴһرЦݡ
ɵð
˵̯λϵġ
ڹӼײˣû뵽лһֻôӡ
Ҫ֪Ļ
ٻסĶҲаײˣ˭ȱ
͹ӼĳҲвء
лһֻȥʷʦˣһǳһۺ壬ӣүæģû뵽лСүһײˣһڵϷ裬˵ˢõġ
ʱѹտˣҲ˿лһ֡
лһȴ˿żһ룬ŵϰ˫Ŀӡ
кãȳԷæһˣûԷأԷˣһԣ
ͺæڡãã
ˣô
лһЦһµԱôɻҪǿײˣҲУǱߵĳӵģȥ򣡡
˵ţվҪȥӡ
ôȥӣһľͱˣûԷôһæҲЩ
ЩĻŵǴлһְѷһƬõİײ˷Ž˹
һ£˵һӾͶ߿˹
⣬棬졭ôܣ


62 
˵עӵлһ֡ǰĹ
ԭǾζ̫ˡ
㣡
㣡
ǳ㣡
ѾԹ, ŵζʱ, ҲǺͷ˶, 緹ƺǳˣ
Щæһֱûг緹, ǽŲֹס
æٳԵ, Ȳˡ
ҶҲĿɿڴĿš
ײˣ
ô𣿣
Լŵĺòã
ǰײȷʵǴлլĺԺԿһ籧, ʱڳ
ҶҴ, ټʷ˰, ʱڳ
ʱڹӼˮˮϴģʱҲڳ
ϴ, гһƬƬģŷǳ˼, ԼҲƬ˼, ʱǻڳ
һײ˻ǰײˡ
ֻЩͨİײˣôһôأ
ɻɻ󣬲鲻⡣
ҶҲǻˣһ, ҶҸȥæ, ˶, ðˡ
Ҷǲ˵ԼǱζ, ײ˶ѡ
ֻһֱǹĻ, ܻá
һ뱻˹Ҷûκԥÿ꿪ԣ
أóԣóԣ
ײ㡣
һҶҵͺҲϷˡ
˵ĶģһʼˣǲһҲͣ
С̯ǰΧŵԽԽࡣ
л־߳Աð
ʵôΧЩŲ졣
лһָϵʢ˰롰ԱܸɻЩλӦֻİײˣԣ
л־һҲǣڹӼײ˵ľǶһҡ
˼ҿֻҪôһֻվһ߲أ
ôһ룬лϵЩʧԷʱȻˡ
лһֳΧòЦЦ˵ԴȻ󣬵ͷԡ
Χˡ
Ӽ˴󲿷ֶѧʶģҲӼμӻвǡ
Ϊѧʶģڱζ֮󣬿̯λϵڳԷûš
ȴû뵽λȻװ
İײˣ
ĴԴ
ʵǾײ˵ģֻô˹İײˣҲ˵䣬кǳ԰ɡ
ԼԵķ𣬰ΧĿǸԱվţ˼
˼
лһֻûʲô˼ġ
ײ˱Ƚۣ죬˵ĳȥůθ
лһֳԵ٣룬ÿٳ룬еĻֹ
Сʱ֮лһǲų꣬кҶ͸źһȥʰꡣ
˼ҵ
лһҶȥˣϴˢģײ˵ģ϶˵ģǮģҪֿҪҡ
ҶټֱͷܾԼܸɴµˣô¶ÿԼ֧Ӧš
Ҷȥ˸ɻȥˡ
лһֳΧ΢΢ЦλãҴƲˮײˣζ㣬ʳ֮޶Һͼ˸ոѾʾˣ
ΧЦλͲͦʵڵģ˵Ҳ
ǲǣλ֤ȷʵǴӲﴫġ
ȺΪûЩĴҪߵСˣҲΪ⻰ͷСˡ
˼ҸոճԷǣڸ޶
ײ˴Ҷ֪ģֻҼҵͬζ㣬ҳԶҲˣ۸񲻹õģÿһײ˵ģÿʮһſʮģȻǲ۵ģȸǮòˣλ룡
Ⱥм˹˵ľͰǮˡ
˵ˣ룡˵꣬ͳǮ
һ룡
һ볢
Χ۵˲٣ҪǮײ˳ԵȴǼ١
Ϊʲô
Ȼ̫ˡ
ȺҲֹš
˵£
棬ǮŰײˣ
ʮһţզȥ
ǣô˭԰
ѾǮļλĬĬļһڰײ˷Ȼ۾Ʋһ˵˵ķ򣬵ͷȻԡ
ȣȣһһˣôоû
ƹģһ룡óһǮϡ
ϣ
ǮҶһʹһɫλ߹ȥǮݸл־Ȼٵȥ߸ʢһ롣
õɰ
˶࣬ɻ졣
ǱߣҶѾ˰ϴˢɾҲˡ
ʵҶ˵ЩԼȥһˣжٿţɵĸ𾢾ˡ
ΧһС˵ĻҶپͲˡ
ԼŵֵܵЩ˿У
Ȼ
ҶֱӿָָǸ˴ֹȴСĵط
ǼɫԾǮԾ͹ʲô
һǮһҲҸ㣬뿪Ҳ򲻵⡭ʲôײţҶٸոæſ˸ɻȥˣûסлһʱ
ҶһֱСĵĸҶߣʱСѵưײˣ
ҶѪԣưײˣײˣζȥȥ룬ԵæġȥλֵܶڳԷٲ˵໰ûԣ
˶ˣôŰ
ò˵ȻҶٵԸЩ꣬ЧǷǳġ
仰ЩûԷԥѾ߳Ⱥ
ϰ壬룡
Ҳ룬һ̫ˣ
Ǯ԰ײˡ
ܿ죬ǰˡ
ԵģУûˣЩȲҲνˣԼҸյضվųԡ
λ͵˾վųԿЩӣҪǮߣһٸ
лһˣЦžܾǮãŰæ͹ͳɣӸǹȥȡ
ţȻֻǸտʼС⡣
һ˵ֱޡ
ֺǺǵĶСˡ
ҶһÿһĻͲͷ߲ˣ
лһƲһۡҶ٣һ룬ֵ𣿡
Ҷ˸ۣⲻΪ룬ƭҪ˶ͷƵİ˲ô죿
лһСĵֵۣǮˣɻɣ
ҲǣǳɣȥȥҶлһô˵˲ͨˣһǮһİײ˿治ˡ
û취Ҷٶ԰ײ˶Ǯһ治֪
лһ֡
ҶŤͷߣȻͣ˽Ų˵һ䡰Ҷ٣Ҹ磬ǻˣұҸǿˣ
лһֺĿ˿ҶϾҪըëʱ˵ĺе
ҶüëŤͷȥȥˡ
лһЦЦҲæкˣкܶҪŵˣΪ˲Щ˼꣬лһʱд˺ƣڿհ׵ֽд֣һǺ˺ܶࡣ
ײˣʱˡ
ȻСֵŵıˡ
ˮ
ȻǹҲбϣЩϲԵҲƷζԾײ˴ؼԼȥˡ
ζӦǲİɡ
ڽлһֺֻܸǺǣ
Ĳ˵ֻ˵ԼĸûɽկҪ֪Ͽеġ
˵ΨһҲΪ


63 
ҪСֻһͨĹǹĶҡ
ҪһĻ, ԼҩֲռĲƬˮǺã
Ĳ˵, , Ͳõóġ
ǵ, ˲Ƭ
лһڴĸ, õҩֲռˮо°һȴܲС˶ٵ˲, гСƬСڴ, ֻζ, ѿڴʢˡ
ʱǹһûʣ, СڴһЩ¶˳
⻹ǸϵܲƬŽȥģҪ˵ǲƬ, лһָͲ붼֪ǲ÷ŵġ
ǿ˲ΰ
һǮĲ
˵ȥûŵġ
˾, ŸʲôҶһԿлһֽϴ͵
лһòһµȥⶫڵϣ
ϵûͽӹˡǸӵģ
Ҷٺž˵Ҳǹӵ£
ҶٲɵҪ˼ԺҪĻ, ܼ尾, Ҳ, ᡭ
, ҪôԺ˵ɡ
ӽʷ, ÿ˸˶ʮǮл
Щ˻ȥ֮󣬸лҸӵ۾ǳ
ʲô¶ûбǣǮʱҲú⣬ϾڽʷˣԼġ
лһֵԭǡλֵܹæлҵѣǮֵܺȾƵģҪҲν
һ˫Ǯ˹
ҲҶ١
ΪʮǮֵܸ˲ǣ
תҶپͰǮҶȥȥˣ˴żһʲؽʷˣǺлһֻҪڹӼϿء
ǾȻ͵ȥˣԼ׬ġ
ҶӰҶĻ֮󣬲ʧЦˣ°ɣ
Ҷ뿪֮ҶӰؾͰѾƷھһͤˡ
ӼˣܹƵĵطҲǾһͤˡ
֪ȻҶײ׬ʱһ䡰ưײô£֪
л־ưײһӾͻˡ
ԹˣϵĳޣǹѧЩһдĿҵʫȫײ˵ģҲ˴˼ƴ
ֻҪȥһˣԼƴ¼½ȥ˻ʱ򣬾˵¡
ҶӰؾͽҶȥæ˵һ飬ǰײҲԹһ룬ڸտʼõʱлһҶġ
ȻˣֹѧʦһݣմҶĹеġ
ˣкβ𣿡ҶӰ֪λƴһϲµˡ
쳣Ļôһʡ
ޣ´ΣһȥһǮһ룬ɲܰ׳ѧĶſɣ
ҶӰϾ˵һǮǿ黹ǽһЩ𣿡
Ϊʦѧ͵һײˣ¶󣬿˸ҲǹӼЩЩСС鷳
˵ҶӰؾЩˡ
ȻˣҲǰײ˵ζȷʵͦãڽԵĻҪζ
ȥ֮˵ɣȥæ
ǣ
ҶӰؽ¼Ҷٴʱ򣬾ȥлһֵϵһ¡
ҶӰص뷨ưײ˿϶лϵķӡ
ѹû뵽¶лϵҲһæɻˡ
ûȵӣֹתͷҶپͽ˵лһˡ
֪ͷβԼֵܵ뷨
лһ֪ˣ
ˣΪƴǲʲô¶ҪΪǰҶС˵û״˵⻰˼
лһֱ⻰˵Цˡ̫ˣƴתЩ΢ĹˣܹܵģҪζѣö룬Ǽд֣
Ҷ١ϲһ¹ڼƴ˵뷨֮ģǱдҪ̹ˡ
ֻʹӺлһһһ̹֮ӣԽԽˡ
ϱȱһʱΪ
ҵȱ˶飬ΪΡ
Ҷֻһ뷨ǾǺ۰
ֻǣ˼˵
ֵܼ֣ܶܲУ
ԣҶٺƵļסˡ
תۼ䣬ʮٴ١
ΣҶȻǴĸ߸˹лһˡ
߰ɣүүҴڸˣ
£ǱߵЩ꣬ȵǱߺȵˮлһںԺϵһ𽽰ײ˵
ҶһţЩײˣл֮ǰֵЩ
л־ʵڵЦһµ֪ôţİײһӹ˺ö࣬ԼֵȻС㣬Ҳأ
ǰɣȷʵͦģϴײ˵ʱҲŸ¶Ҷӡ
ҪԼۿĻҶٶЩԼ۾ġ
лһֵһͻͻ֮ǰΪðײ˵ζãҩֲռˮٴӣǳٶȣֱҪ̫졣
ⱻҶˣ
Ҫô͵ʱҶ˵һ䡰ԭײôְѹְײôˣ
лһ֡
л־
үһۣͬʱ˵˵ĺе
Ҷüͷɪĵǻ˵ϽģҰһ𣡡
˵Ż⳨ԱһӣԼҲæˡ
ҶһٶȥɻˣܲŰɣȻҲˡ
ӻʱ򣬾ͷںԺְײ˵һӶ
үˣ磬ȥȥʷ
ʦڸ𣿡лһһ䡣
ʷǱһλѸˣڲڣ
лһһ¡Ǿ·ʦһ̳ƹȥ˵Ҫȥݷõģ
ҶһԸ͡Ȼˣ
˵ͷֳȥˣһҲŹæ
лһ֪һŵģҲȷʵǴӦҶҪȥݷýģһ·ʦȥһҲС
ĵطܿʰĲˡ
л־ȥæԼˡ
лһֿҶ࣬ҲֻϵĻ뿪
ҪôȥҶٿܾͻӵġ
Ϊ˱鷢лһ־ˡ
ЩһﶼȥˣԺһӾͰ
л־һԵİײ˺֣ܲ˿յϡ
ĲԽԽˣʵǲ̫࣬Ծ˸ӹԼ֡
СС£ô졣
Ӧǲ⣬ǵưײ˱ҪгСƬģ˵ĴСӰʲô
ã⾩ǵˮòҲá
ⲻȥ죬Сײ˶һָˡ
ҶܿģΪл־Ҳܿó
ȻԼҲ˳ô죬ǶǾģҲֻǰԭᵽǵԭˡ
Ǿǰײ˶ܳôڲͬĿ졣
ϵڼ̾лһֲ
֪ϵ뷨ϵȴʲôҲʣǶԼ֧֡
ӼҪȥӼѧҪΪƷл־ľĬĬԼʵжȥ֧֡
ɺû˵
лһִ꣬л־׼̳Ӿƣֱͳȥˡ
ΪлһֲҶҲûǸһ
Ҷ٣Ȼˡ
лһܾ֡һԾҶŽ͵ɪ


64 
ǵĽֵ
лһֳ⿴˿Ȼǰĳˮ, ǴʱҲǲٵġ
һЩ, Ҳһæµš
ոһ̳ȥʷ, ҽȥ, ʦûл, ѾƷºˡ
ȥݷãҲȥ̫ˡ
Ҷǰ·, һ·ԶԶĿҶٵ, ȫͦ졣
лһҲһĻ, ɵƲƲǡҶƽʱԵ൱һѾΧôͶ㿪ˣ
Ҷ죬һлһ֡
ΪҪ佱, һܳɺѰɡ
ˡ
ŵСĵ˭, ᲻䣡
лһֱ˱ȭͷһˣ
ҶŤͷ, רɡ
Сֵ̫ܿˣ˵ЩˣҪһһЩʱ 
Ĵǰ
ҶӰѾվſڵ˺һˡ
ôĵŵģүүһֱߴ˼, Ҳͦ۵, , Ҷپֱſڲȥˡ
˵һȥаɣ
ү, , ˣҶһԸţڴʱϵҶϾͱˡ
ҶӰؿȥȻˡ
ȥţ˵ͣѵ
ǣ
Ҷ˽ȥүӱȥˣҶӰӭ˹ȥ
ϣȵ֮󣬴һ۵꣬΢ܿһۣȻ;ֱҶӰ˹
Ҷˣлһһס
ҶӰظϽסһˣôҶУ룡
лһЦŵ棬һ־ͲˣҶڴ˾õȣ
ҶӰҲЦЦûʲôճ˶ѣû鷳ɣ
лһֻ֡Һܴæأл
ҶӰء𣿡
ҶʱҲһԾ¡
ǴЦ⣬ȴǻɵ
ҶһӾͲɭˡ
ڲСһˣôôأ
磬һֵܵܿŵģɱҺȣҶٺĵ
ΨֵԼҴԼϵ׽ҳˡ
ҶӰɫҲĵ֪粻ˣ
ҶһĻɣֻһֵܵû˵Ͱˡ
үү˵ҪͰų˺öóԵģǻأҶӰص
лһҲЦŵлǾͶлˣһͳԺóԵģҲûʲôöóⶼԼˣһ̳ƣТүӵģһСС⣡
ʲôȱҲȷʵлһԼġ
ҶӰЦŽӹýȥүү룡
Ҷ磬룡
ãһ𣡡ҶӰرŶЦ˵
ûŴҲһ̳þˣζ
лһкŻЩƵҶ١ȥˣ㻹Ҫȥ𣿡
лһֵĻЩεҶٽ˽ˣҼһɣ˵ҪҪѺĻ԰Ӹĳɰײ˵ذ
ҶӰءԽԽ𣿾ȻҪְײˣ
ҶЩĵĿԼܵܣһƬĳ֡
˲֪ҶӰصȻ֪ܵܰлһֿжеġ
ʹҶȻ֮󣬾Σжвѡ
ķֻһлһֵĽǶȺ죬ÿòһܰȵ˯ˡ
ң˯֮󣬶֪Լ֮ǰ顣
ҲҶȥصԭ Ǹʱĳ˲ٿֻ࣬Ҫȥ¶һС£ܹ˵ġ
лһߵĽҶҲǷĵġ
ţɲܹͨõġ
ֻôżҪлһֹҲΪҪܲܶԼܵܵ
Ҫ˵ĻЩ΢̫˵㡣
˼Ҹսţ˵Ҫ˼æˣЩ̫ˡ
ʱҶѾлһִ˿
Ҷүϡ
лһһʩлһָҶϽ밲ףϽ
Ҷүӵһ֣ˣҲûˣ
лһٴʩлϽ
ȻҶߵĵڶ¡
ҲҶӰأˣһǽ͹ȥµҶлһ־ǽҶµġ
ӵķ֮һҶүӵķϵĵȻʼյľûб仯
мӣǡ
ҶүӶлһֵĵһӡ
ţȻġ
˿ɻãүЦŵ
лһصϽĻҸլһжã游ĸͼĸҽڴҲǺõģ
ڼˣȻźõġ
ֻһǾôˣЩˡ
ҶүӰڰڡûô˵УһүүˣϽǸ˽еģԼ˱ô⣬ап˰Ϳļ˵ǣ
лһֵһּסˣлϽ
үүҶϽ
лһ֡Ҷүү
ҶϽ˵ֱͷŶԣɣ
ҶϽ˵лһֲŵλϡ
Ѿ֪ҶٵƢ˭ˡ
ҪؼҵĻҲҪȵˡ
ϽĻѣүôһ˵лһֵǾбҪһŹȥ
Ȼͨةͦ鷳ܱǿü֪үھǺúõľͳɡ
ˣлһҲˣȥдš
һ˵ưײˡ
ҶүȻûԣӳ˰˵ʱ൱ĺóԵӡ
ֻǣүҪһˡ
ҶүӶ豭һڵ´λҪڹӼײ𣿡
лһ㣬үô˵ʵҶүү̻壡
Ҷүӵ̸̻ϣֻǺ򵥵ʱ֣ӼļƺʦǫɣвлӰŵģҲһЩһƷԱŵġ
ǰÿҪڹӼಢټʹڵƹ¾Ͷžˣ
ڻһʼ׬Ǯģǵһͷһ㶼á
оǣҶСҪãӰЩ鷳ˣӦѾĴˣ
лһĵһ
Ա߿ȥúҶˡ
ҶٺơʲôϵүүڹӼû£ģ͹һ־ͺæˣûȥ˵鷳
Ҷүӡ죡㲻˵ǸˣһǷᣡ
Ҷ˵Ͳ˵Լ
˵Ķĺðɣһ쵽ڹӼʱ䰡
Լһ޲õһʹүүô˵پر
ҶүӺ˼Ҷתлһֵˣ
лһһµҶүү˼ǲײ˶νͲ
ûǮʱ򣬰ҩֲռ˲ΰ֥֮óꡣ
Щɶϡҩģ۸϶ߣʱõǮԼƾ껹ͦԣġ
˵ʱͽӵһ΢İĵطھǵΧСԺҪԼҲˡ
취ģͲɡ
ҩֲռ䣬лһҲеġ
ҶըëƾʲôˣҸҵ׬Ǯ¸ˣүүǰ˭İ
ҶϽŲĲ˲ֹšӣӡ
лһ֡ǡôˣ
ҶӰһԵȻĽ͡үүڰοԼأҪԼӣ͵ôȥˡ
лһ֡ⰲοԼķñ£


65 
Ҹ˵˵ʱҪүүҾͲᱻӸȥˡ ҶͻȻ
һ˲İ, ر, 
ҶӰæ, ô˵أ㶪үүϾȥ, ⲻû𣿡
֪, ԭϻЦҶ⻰ʱˢľվ
Ҫʲô£Ҷû֮ǰЦ, ˵ʱ˫ȭջŲ, ҶܲԾ
, ңүүãҶϽɫһӾͱ, ºʹȰһĨΡ
ҶһûеõӦ, үӵ̾һүү͵Ժȥ, ˣģģ
˵꣬վߡ
лһҲæվ
ҶϽҡҡͷͷӾͰһְ֢ˣڼһ, ͷӸ鷳, ˰
ҶүүлһԾ, ѵϽȻ֪Լҽ
ܰ, ʹ֮, ûô¶Լĵư
żڼʱʲô֮ǰҩֲռмСƬ˲ӵˮĴһȾǺü죬
˵ôˣл˻ûйֲ
̫˰ɣҶϽȻҲ֪
ҶϽڰڡû£ǿˣ˺˰һ⣬
лһͷɣԼŸôġ
ԭֻôһ˵
˵꣬ź߳˿
ԭ׳ʵıӰ˿̿ȴЩ
лһֿҶӰء
ҶӰָָλӣлһֵԭɡ
ⱾҶӰҪ˵ģˣ˵ʱҲǺģһлһ־ˡ
黹ҪӵҶʱ˵
ԭ겢Ҷ޹Լܳȥģڻ·ϣҶϽһֱŸ·ؾְʱҶСմӱ߹ػһ·ϳԺҲʹһһֱֶӣϽүѵˣҲֹһΣ˵ûСӵ¶࣬͵ˡ
Щ꣬Ҷֶӣߴٵ˵ˣҶϽֱӾҪ˿ӱ޵ǸϣʱҶڵүԾʹˣԭصš
ҶΪȷ棬ȻҲʱϽĺȣԾͰˡ
û֪ǸʱҶˣ˶뿪ˣͼˣĺ׷
С׷ɱȥƥȣԶ׼
׷ˣ
үү͵û׷ˣҶԼˡ
·ˣ
תŵһĵشֶӣҶֻþ˸Ƨĵط
ģҵһ˺ٵĵطһլĽ䡣
ɣǸĸסľǹƨǡ
һﳤĺãɫһͲһЩ˼ҳģ·ҲǺܺõӣԣûзҶͱˡ
ûأͱȥˡ
ʱ򣬾Ѿ뿪Ǹط
ŵ˺óʱûм˾ˣûҵһֱϻûҵ
żˣ˴ҹûϢ ҹ˾Ǳš
ҶϵִӾǸϻȥˣҲǺҶ˵ˡ
˽ӻ֮Ҷͱˡ
Ƣӱ겻˵˭Ҳ
Ҷ֮²ͼ˵һ仰
е̫ҽҩţûһõģΪҶͲԡ
ÿοҩ˵ԼۣۣҶ˼δҶҡ
ֻǣȻûЧ
ֱҶϵʶһ仰Ҷſʼ𽥵Ŀڡ
˵ˣǺлһͨŵʱƢҲ˺ܶࡣ
ٲһԲϾͶˡ
ͬˣֻҪǺģûвġ
һֱȥ˶źһЩ
лһ룬ѹЩǵ˶ҶԭԴﰡ
ȻѾȥˣǵܵżıǻүү뵽Ǽĵ£үүͽӡŽ˳ȥ
ڼ￴𣿿ûҶ˵ôɣż˵Ҷүүģлһǵ
ҶȷʵᵽҶүӵģȻ࣬ȴҲʲô쳣ġ
ҶӰؿЦһµһѵģϱȽأ
үӵĻǣȻһˣȴһֱǹġ
ҪǵʱһֻҪ·Ͳӵ·ˣҲк¶
¶һֱүһ̡
ôʱȥˣûҪʧӣĻԽԽƵġ
֪𣿡лһʡ
ҶӰصͷȰԼ˵
Ҷķꡣ
ҪлһѹԼڴ˵µʱ뿪ˡ
һҲ֮ǰ¶
ֻһֵܻܵڿԼĵýС
ҶĵﰲοһԼŵ֪컹ûôżĻүүһԷֻϡҿƲסԼүү뷢үү˾û¡
лһ֡㵱ʱǿʲô𣬻Ƿʲôŭ𣿡
ҶС˵Щӱ£
лһȴҡҡͷǣбģǴεǳ˴ģҲô챻ҵҲܱȳ룬ʲôԭôģүϵģ˵һ
Ҷ۾һֻǣƲԼҴһۡ
ҶӰһ
Ҹʲôҳȥ˶Ҳܰæ취
˼ǡҪԼ뿪ɣ
Ҳ룬ǲ뿪ߵģοҲƣѵлһֵķǶԵģС⼸˾Ȼû˵ʵ
ȻҶ֪ˣԼĵܵ˵Ķʵֻһ顣
رҪ飬ֻǶˣҶȴһֱ
粻ߣҶû취˺һֻ˵˳㻹ǵƨ˵ʦүɣ
лһüͷĵͷȻǵãйأ
֮ǰǼ֮ҲдҶʱĻظ˵һϵźˡ
лһʱ̫СҼҲûȥ飬һᴦĺû뵽Ȼ©֮
Ҷ¶һЦݡȻйأ˵Щ˶ˣȴǸʦүˣĺúõģүү͵Ϊʲô˻ţҲҪ¶Ҳǵģ
ҶӰءʲôʱ˵ģ
ҶŲӺӻʹʱǸøߣ
ҶӰسĬ
лһûס
ʹģ
̫ܰɣʹﻹҪʲôʦү
أǸ˵˭Խ˵ԽͿˡ
Ҷǰδе䡰̫ʦȫ̫ʦǰʱ͸̫ʦʦүģ̹Ƶ⣬
ҶӰء
ǼֳĬɡ
лһֿҶӰصɫһ㡰̫ʦȽ
ƨǸļһܺͽȣŮٵĻɫ
ҶӰظ
֪ԼֵΪʲôÿ·̫ʦʱ򣬸ż־Ϳʼ¿ˮˡ
ôˣȻûз֡
ģҲϸ񰡡
˼Լͷ˵ĻǲүүѹҲһЩأ
úú÷˼С


66 
Ҳ˵λʦүһ¶ҲûУ
䲻, лһֵڿ
ҶӰز֪ô, ͻȻһӾ;úһ紵˽
ֱӡ
Ҷһлһֵǰ, ֱֱĶ
лһֻҪ, ܸʲô, һֶеģҶһôҪһ¡
Ѿ˺üˡ
лһְڡ㻹ûشҡ
Ҷ۾գһ¿ԼҴ磬¶û, Բ֪
ҶӰεһ˶, Ǳߵĸȫͷ, ˳䣬ȫͼ˶̫ʦ, ʱû֤֤
ҶʹͷүүҲô˵ġ
лһ֡ôû֤ݣ֤Ҳа, Ǹ
ҶӰصЩֱӽӴǸĹ, ڵǵʱҧԾˣ˲֪ʦү¶
лһһҭɵģ
֣ƽҶӰȴһҧгݵĸо
Ҷһģĵžž조ǰ, Ҿ˵ǰ, ôô, İʮӶû, ֪˵, 𣿡
뵽һЩ飬ǵСҲһȥôأȥˣȷʵҧԾģ˵ļ˶Ǹɵ¶һŲ֪ˣҲûһô
޶֤̫ʦˣԣ¶ˡ
Ҷвʡ
лһͬʡ
Ҫ˵û̫ʦڰʹһ̫ʦš
˶Ҿ췢䣬û£ûʹ
ôҶһԹ԰Ķֵϣ
ⲻлһóģĺӡ
Ϊһеˣ鵱ȻҪӸԴˡ
뵽лһִλվȥݷүӣ˳ǣ
ҶҴȥ
ҶӰء극ߣ
ҶһҪȥүү˵˵¶ҶҲܣ˼Լ취ɵ˰ɣû𣿡
ҶӰءҪǵܵܳˣ붯°
̫ˣ
Ҷƫƫ˴һۡ
ǰɣԼҴͦģܸǹӼôڿԼأ
Լֵܿܵ뷨羹Ȼ

Ҫ飬ͦá
Ϊ⼸һֱ飬ˣԲɵˣ϶ġ
ҶӰزԼҵܵܵС˼Էʱ˵ڵ֪ҪʱͿʼ׼ˣ
лһֵЦһµм黹Ͻ֪񣿡
ҶӰصã
ȥˡ
үүҲˣⶼֳϽˡ
ˣҶӰҲͲţֻܴлһԺߡ
үү⼸һ겻һ꣬һ֣Ҷ绹鷳˵ʱתһ㣬𣿡ҶӰǸТ˳ġ
үӾʹǼ֮󣬾ֱϷ˱ȨȻϵ˽ҲǼүүĴ
Լӱôܷŵ¡
лһֵҶģһãϽΪѣ
ҶʲôΪѵģĴ˲ã
ҶӰƤˣүү÷ඡ
ܺӴһֻˣ
ͬԺ
үסԺӡ
үүǰŸĵ֣˵ϲֵ֣ĶɱЦҶӰǰС˵Цš
лһӦһ
ǻݲݵ˼ҶϲԼģġ
ֻǣĿˣлһֹֻסüͷ˺ü¡
߰ײˣұܲǽǵıӦһÿõڼǴŵϹʱҶϽժء
һϹϵǲ󣬿ǳͦ
ߵĽˣҶϽҲˡ
ҶӰŵүүһֺˣ
ҶϽ棬һǾ͵˵ٸժϹţԼֵģܺóԣ
˵꣬쳤첲ȥժϹˡ
׵ͷӰվţſɵۣ˿Щ硣
үӲף
һڱ߹ض࣬ÿǵһְ˵ǰﶼѾڱ߹ˡ
ҪҶ¶뱲Ҳˡ
ԹТȫ
үԼҵĺҲ϶ŸΪӵ˼ġ
ϽûСӻкµʱأлһͻȻʵ
վŵȻһ٣ƺ̾һŵڣ֪ˣ
˵꣬ٴոյĶ
лһˡ
ǰûʱȥ룬οҶû˸Ҳ۵
Ҷ·¶ǳ˵ϣ¶Ҳս˴뱲ӵ˺ܶࡣ
ԼҵĺҲҪչ˵ġ
ԣˡ
ǣȴûԭ
Ҳܿ࣬ȴһֱԼš
ҶϽͷͻȻЩᡣ
˶ϣԼҵĺõģصǣܽһаźˡ
ҶϽ뷨ȴû뵽ҲͬΪ뷨ܵǰδеĶѡ
Σˣԡ
ֻΪĹʧλ˰һжԼϣֻĬĬһЩֲ
ҶǸԻлһӵĶܿó
ģǳԵĶ࣬ҲҺҶҵãٶȿ죬ڰʮʱ򣬻˵ֵܱʵ͵ҡ
ҶϽԺûֻݣû񣬶ЩʳЩΪԼ
ѹҶ˵үүദʱ򣬾˵үӳԷˣĲ˶Լֵģо϶Ҳһ
ֻû˵Ҳ⡣
Ҫ֪ĻҶӰؾͲ˵ЦĻˡ
Ҷ
үҲڹԼ
ûйͨү˵ļԽԽ
ЩҪʰ¶
һλĺûйϵԳЩ
ɶǹӵĸԴ봦ûͲйӸҶ
һӣһ˭ٵӣ
ǵģһ˵ǵġ
ЩܼģģԼԺ󶼻ھǣͲһõʦүһֱȡ
ԼڿʱסǵðУģ
ڣñ˴˵ĹϵͲǵ֮
뵽лһֳĺһ
ҶүүҲժͦ˼ģҷ𣿡
ţţʲôΪʲôҪҷӰҲҪժүүҾӣժĿ϶࣬үүϽժôˣժۣҶһ£ϾͰ⳨½ҶϽӴš
ҶϽЩŵĿԴĸ
Ҷлһ֮⣬һҶӰء
ҶӰظӵĳ˳үүֿոջɱڵĹүүĳСӣתۼת뷨ЩӦˡ
лһͷŵ÷°ʹͺסҶүүٲãԴͿѾˣҪǷҪժˣǸôʹժ
ɣɣҶϽһ£м˿
лһִһͬԴҶ


67 
һһҶүӴ
ҶϽʧʹڴʱѾصûӰˡ
ԼСС, үӵϴȥʱЩ
СǽԼ, Ҫ֪⼸, Է˵, ȴһָͷҲԼүүĴһµġ
, ȻԼˡ
ٿԱһЦлһ֡
۾Ц⡣
С, Ǻġ
⼸, ûۣ
תԼԼӺһȥӹ, ϹԼ𣿡
ȥȥҶӰתܡ
С, СүүƢԽԽ͸ˡ
, ȥȥɡ
лһֺҶİæ, ҶϽԼֵϹϣϹŤ֮⣬Ķ˸ժˡ
ȻһСѣ
ҶԼҲرгɾ͸УժĶࡣ
ͷһ㣬ʹһ, ٶȿһ, Ͷôࡣ
ر
ҶϽЦǺǵĿ, кþûпСЦôõʱˡ
ҶϽ, ϴʮڱ߹ˡ
ֻһС, ֮ǰ㣬°ˣͽСӹ̵ӵ¡
ǳСӵ¶֮˼Ҳûˡ
ӷڵʱ򣬶󲮼ݣȫû¹˵Ҳûٸˡ
үү˵ǲرҶӰҶϽС΢΢ţɪĲС
ҶϽСӲһºһ˾Ȼһժô࣬ĲУ
лһֺҶͬʱǣ
ҶϽĴЦ
ŸӽԼ鷿лһ־ͱ鷿һŵˡ
֪ĻΪǸСͼء
ĲҲ࣬һЩ±һЩǱͼһǿƾ顣
ҶϽǸֵ׼ģֻӰؿ˷֮һֻˡ
ҶϽСӣû˵Ķ٣ǴĴָԼСָͷȻһ¡
лһüͷɻĵʮ֮һȷʵٵģ
ĲҲܿóˡ
Ĳ˵ҶڹӼѧʱӣҲûзжమ顣
ҶϽεĵҪô࣬Ҿ͸ˣʮҲûп갡
лһ֡ȻǱĻҪ
ΪԼ˵ľЩ̫ˣֵ֪ʵҪ
Ƿˣ
ҶϽֵһְԺһ飬СӾǺһʱѧǰڹӼһܹ࣬д˲ʮ֣ʱһд
ҶšΪҪȥһ氡
ȻȥҲûһ졣
лһַ˼鿴˿ȻֻǴԵĿ˼ۣĽ൱ϸ
ʦȦ˲٣ǱڹӼｲĿҪϸöࡣ
ãʱҿԳһʱ飬ΪΣлһͬˡ
ôõ֪ʶĻôܴ
лһôˬӦˣǰҶٸˡ
￴

ǵİ
ΪʲôأԼúõʱһʱ˭ȥ˵ȥ
ѾˣԣҶüͷܼӬȥ
ܾүүԺˣˡ
ɵĵɪʱһһʱء
Ҷգգ۾үү硢лһָֻ۾ע£˵Դͬˡ
ڱȥԷʱҶٲźȻ²ԣĲ԰
ôͬأ
ȷӦҪܾģǣΪʲôͬأ
лһ뿪ʱҶҶæŶһֱͻлլ
ٻȥʱҶҵлһְһŽ
Ͻģ
лһֽ˹һ¾Ŀˡ
Ŀ˲±飬лһĬĬߵȥڹҵ˻ʯҶҶ棬Ƿȫյˣհ׵ŷҲû¡
лһǰյĻҲһȥĵʲôҲûпɫѺڣλȥʱ㣡
Ҷлүˣǣ
ǣҶҲȭ
ҶҶ뿪֮лһóһ֧մˮ֡
ԽдԽ죬쵽д֣Լ첻ʶˡ
ңдúá
ԽдԽңԽңлһ־Խͣ
ֱ֧Ϊĥͺˡ
СӣϴɣˮȺأϴݽţòԱߣл־һˮ˹ڵϡ
лһֶ֡ϴϴˢȥЪϢɣæһˣ˰ɣҲﲻ
еɳƣϵĵǣлһֻǰĵ׵Ļǿѹѹ
ˮһȦȦĿĺԼҶӵɫÿҲĺ 
л־ëʪһ£աһѣһЩҲû¸ɣƾͺƵģ
лһְֻʣ˸˵ķһԣ˫˹
ëһ棬ȺϢһֱܵظ
ոЩҺͱģһ£˳˺ܶࡣ
˳ˣŭҲСһЩ
л־ְ˹ûйȥĿ˵ˣܵôãڴǰηˣ֪㣬Ǽ˶֪㣬ģ
лһϴͣëϹ˺һŰë˳
лһְëϡû£ǸոЩţǼˣһ֣ͨˣûˣģû£
ǾУҪʵڲѧǾͻؼȥҲ㹻Ǽţüӵˣ㲻ҪΪԼл־ЦЦ
лһֵ˵ԴһɫһҪȥʦͰѾ͹ȥˣûʦõң˯
ȥôˣл־Ķӡ
Ӹոͷ֣ۻˡ
ڿӺöˣҲɿһ㡣
лһְ⳨ϡأɱԼۻˣ
Ҳɣ̫ˣʦǿǴҪϢУлһֵ
л־Ӧ£Ŀлһִ˴š
Ӱˣ̾ϢһŽݡ
ҪȥҸлһָܾˡ
ȥʰʰӣ
Ӧһյˡ
˾һ·˹
һ·ϣлһһֶû˵һֱ顣
ɫʱʱüͷûɿ
ԭֻҪü˹ӣοǰûɹũ˿ƾٻûб·ʺߡ
ڿǰ̫ˡ
㲻뿴ЩڰͲڵġ
Լûмĵطƽĵطжأ
˭أ
ԽԽģҲлһַĵط
ʦүȫ¶һЩˡ
ǰԼˡ
ŵŲᣬҲᣬ°ү˼ϡ
ʵϣлһԼҲԽԽҡ
һֱʷſڣлһҲûԼʲôĺð취ʦү
үˣ룡ʷǰҴ˳
лһһһֱҵģһҪǲô죿
ҵĻͷǹڵԼġ
ҵү֪Ҫȥ˵ˣһ˳أ
лһܳģʦң
ҡɲ𣿡
ֻҵЦЩ쳣
ź֮Ŀζлһ쳣ЦΪİˡ
˳ûë
Ŀζлһ־ԼҲˡ


68 
ú𣿡һһڿǫʵ
лһ조Чܺã
Ҫôش
úȣô˵
úȣʦԵĲ̫򵥵ġ
ζ, ŭ
ȷʵЧá
ǫʡԷ𣿡
лһɻĵ˵ͷͳ, ʦû𣿡
ⶼ, ʦǵöæ, ûʱԷˡ
ʱԳԺȺ, ҵô£ʷĴ
лһµĿԼʦһصʦ
ǫƽİ·һ䡰ͣѵǣ
ʦ˵ǣлһɰɰɵֶһȥ
ǹɷĿζ, ûиոյôˡ
ֱʱ, лһﻹ֪ʦġ
ǫڰ, СŽʣĿ˳ȥлһһֳȥˡ
лһֿʷ
ʷҲѧ
ãʱܻͽҵ
ʱлһ־, ʵڲ֪ôʦ˵¶ȴ־Լʲô
, 豭, ཹཱུĺڲ衣
ˮ£ʡ
ˮζܺ񣬿ɬ
ټϸոлһֺȵĿ, Ŀɬζ, ζ
о, ֱˣ
, ʦ֮ǰꡣǫСüͷʵѿ, Щ԰һ¡
Ҳû˵ʲôСȴǰڳӣһǺȵ̫ˡ
лһ۵Ĳš
ζ˵ˣһ꣬ŶһҲܲˡ
ǫֵӹǺܿ죬Ϸʱ¹˭ʥ˵ʱҲ൱ƽģٿ㣬ƣǸеģԶأ
лһ֪ʦѾ˼͵ʦҪǺǸ̫ʦϣ᲻Ӱأ
ʷȻһƬƽĵ˵ʲôӰ죬ңǶʷ
ȻǶˣ˵ʵûĻʷûһϵʦҲ۵лһֵ
лһֵȷʵġ
ʦǫʷ
ǫסʷĻҲһµġ
ǫشЩ⡣
лһֵ뷨ͱǲ̫һ
ǺǺͽжȡ
ǫͷͻȻһ⣬˳ʷͽ̫ʦʲô𣿡
лһֱֺӵĵҵеƽȵģƽңҲƽ֮ǵңǾ˵ˣʦش𣿡
Ϊִ뷨֡
ԼλʦǵʷҪ˵˵ҲΪ
ҲΪһ˵⻰֮ʶľЩСġ
ʦҪǱĻ֪Ҫôܺã
ǫȴͻȻЦ
ԭˣԭ˰ˣҲ
лһʦײûף
ǫȻˡ
λãͣлһֵԶʮһͣһ˵ҲȻ۾
ʷһֱѧ̫ƽѹͲ̫һӸеӡ
̫ˡ
ȻǺӣֻ˿µ뷨ͬˡ
ǰûˣ⺢һֱĺ˳ʱ֪֮ʱµıûܵѵ뷨ҲӦõġ
οԼѧڳԵ࣬ɬζʱӣʷˡ
ʷˣ˵ֱӶˡʮգôʲôж;ȥǶ¶ʦҲֽģǫȻܻһһ˭ûµĶ㣬ҲҪʷ۲У
лһվǫһѧлʦı֮ģʦģһֲ³ç֮ˣΪ֮
Щѧ壡һСƬصİѧǿõģлһֱûУˣĺеġ
ԼŰ̫꣬ʦˣ̫ʦбԼСôŵ
ûУ
УҲûУ
ܹɹڸﵱ̫ʦҪ˵Ƕлһ־ǰ׳ôˡ
ģǰ̫ʦȻȫǸʦүõӦеĳͷ
ͨôѾðˣķ϶ҲֻǸ򵥡
ʦ¶ΪʦѧȻҲ¶
ֻҪԼ뿪ʷʱʦûһҵ͸ˡ
ơֳ̼ڴ
лһ֮Ӱʷ鷿
Ļرү͵ĿͿĩѾϽˣµȫҶˣ˵ԺʱῴҶСүȵġ
ǫأ
Գ˳Ҷ˵ͰҶСүйˣ
ʷüëǵµ棬ʱڳĻҶ٣ҶϽû뿪ʱҿȷϽɣ
ǫʡҶСô׾ͺˣ
ôܣ
Ҳ֪ô˳ǫͲרȥˡ
硰һھ³ˣүķԸָ˰ˮ˵лСүҲȹ֭ҶСүšźȥģ
һ뵱ʱҶٿĺӣЩ̲סЦ
Ҳֻүóķˡ
˶ţƱʷѧǽҲУʷ˿Ƿǳۿɲġ
ǰһˣǹ˵һҲûôĹ
ڵ֪ȻľΪҪҶμ
ʷ˵Ͳʹ죬лլţлһֲĻҲᱻʷ˸
ȻǸͲԼˡ
ԼҲֻ֭ҵҪǱֻӱ
ʷû뵽лһֲû˵̫ʦҲû˵һֵĲ֮¶ſھʶʦӰ졣
غʷֻʦİΣ
ʷĵûɵҪ̡
ԼѧǶצӵġ
˭˭
̫ʦȻԼˣǾͲˣԼѧĶã̫ơ
̫Կ
̫ʦĶæĥѧʷ˾⡣
ֱӶģʰʰ
罫ǸСӣϽһ¶Ķñ˵һ֡
ǾҶеˡ
˿֭Ժ֭ӿҶ˭˭ˣΪʲôĻҡ
һҹлһ˯ļİȡ
ڶ죬һһȥ˹Ӽࡣ
Ļֽʦõʮ⡣
лһִˣڿÿһۣҲԼˡ
ʦ˵ĿӿĩĴ䣬лһֱֺ׵ľܾˡ
ԸΧУȦÿһۣҲԸٺǸˡ
ʵζ̫˼ˡ
ʷҲǿͻСķϣûȣ˵λʦֿǺһꡣ
˵˺ʦֵ϶θˡ
лһĬĬ˹ʦһӡ
ôƴʦ֣


69 
һ죬ֵ˹ӼĻС
κһҪ, 仹һЩס
Щ˵Χ󲿷Ҳҵ, еǹӼͬ, еǵԱ
ʷǫһԱ
ʷ˺λͬű۵վһ, ֻżһ䡣
ʵһվһ˲̫˵
ж, ʲôҪǵһһͨСŶѣ˵Ҳһλ, ʷ˵Щơ
ǫƤƲƲû, Ϸү, ̫ʦʲô壿
㡭ʷͬΪٻǡڲ̫ʦԱߵҪϡࡣ
Ȼʷûдͳ, ֱȥˡ죬˭ͬΪ, ڳϿϳʱ˴˰ɣϷ̫ʦڲָ֮һ, ȴ뿴˶ĳ򣬺Ǻǣ
̫ʦָ죬Ҫָʷ˵ģʷ˵Ļ֮, Լָ䡣
յķǸո̫ʦ˵ȴˡ
̫ʦƾŮ빬ø, һӾûмʵѧ, Ϲǲʷˡ
οʷβ, С˼ƽϡ
̫ʦʷ, ȴǶȴ˻ոǸͲа˵ڳȡ
ȴˣ˵Ҫİ̫ʦһӡ
ȴ㶣æӦǡǣ¹١
ˣȣϣ˵С̯أڣվǫߵڿˡ
һ˵ʷڵ˶ˡ
˴ɲΪҪԴģڽ͵ϲŸʡ
ĿģȻΪѾ龩ǵˮײˡ
˵Ҳ֣Щ˹Ӽ໱еİײ˵˼ң˻ȥ֮Լˮײˣֻζɣͨİײǿ٣Ǻͻϵ룬൱ˡ
˵ͨİײˣζãҲûеײ˼۸ķ賤
Σʷ˾Ҫλүһ
˵ôƳĸưײҲ٣ֻζʵǲҹά
˵ˣʷҲûټ̫ʦҩ
һֱߣǸС̯ǣʷЦĵ
Ѿ˹ˣҪλүҪûλǲʧء
Ȼˣһȥүͷͦߵġ
ǣʷӦߵһࡣ
̫ʦԺλãȴ
ĸһеľͷȥ
Խ̯λߣٶȾԽʷ˹ⲻߡ
Ϊʵ̫ˡ
ŶӾţﶼһơ
ڿ˾ֱߵʱϾΪʲôĸŶӣ
ǣҶ˰Сʱˣ
ȺԽԽԱ֧Ӧŵڷźƣÿλӭ
λҪλȰ뷨һӾʻȥˡ
ԼˣŻǻ˵
ôλҲأ
ʷ˰ڡϷȥһѣǸԵģҪŶ𣿡
꼱Щޡ
ЩҪؼûλ˰
ʷ˿үϿԲƽϣλݣ˵ſһ˰
ʱлһֵ
˵ôһӾͲλأոһҪҪλøأϰѽˣϽɣлһЦŽ
үү治ʦͽ˵ģûе˵ôһģû˭ˣ
ʷˡǰ·룬Ҫúó
λʷǰүϸĹ۲һǰ·лһ֣΢ͷ͸ȥ
ʷŸһֱС̯棬ʱհһСӡ
Ҷٸոջ
˵ûеطˣٰһӣû£ôæĺòã
ҪѵһǵλӵˣڿлһִĸʱҶϵŭɫһӾͱ崺Цݡ
ϣڰλˣϽЦţ˵ţԼ½ǰѵ˲䡣
ǹʮ㡣
лһֱֿǣҪԼո˶ٵĳ񲻳ʱһ˰
ôҲܿóʦλƷ׶͡
ȻűܰҶųģ⾩Ҳɡ
ʦȻûǰ˵Ҳǿʷ˴ˣҶټһСӵġ
СģƵľͰȥˣԾͿճˣø⼸λá
ʦ˷ݵģлһСʡ
ǫĸˣ
лһɨһΧΧǶʮλأ
ʷ˾һʮλ
ԼͬĿܣŷǳԷĵطʮ˸ȫˡ
ʷһ۲̫ʦүǲᰲţȴ˲ңԼΪûбҪǾֻв̫ʦˡ
̫ʦҲ
ֻŵлһ֡
Щ˶Ǳ£·Ҳһôһģ̫ʦˡ
ⰲЩ˹ģһ·϶ûбôСŸأ
лһֿ˿ֿ˿ʦŲ̫ʦ˹²ѣ
Ťͷʷ˵ʦȥţ
ȥɣЩϻĴʷʲô˵ʲô
Ҳǵġ
̫ʦǱ⻰Ƥ˼չûе
㻻һطֻҪûүܳԵĿ
лһٴĸ˹뿪󲻾ãͺҶһ˹
ÿǰһյҶԼȥæ
ͨûʲô˵ģ̫ʦһ֮ͲмĵӾͺжƵġ
ǣϲͲҪٳˣǲǮǸ˭ٸϷһ룡ʷ˵ıְǲˣΣȴĵûȥ
ֻǲ̫ʦȴǱҭĲᡣ
Ϊǫ˵һ֮λԵر𰲾үҲһ롣
ȴ˿ԼĿ룬ЩʱʷĵİҲһ롣
ȴеС˵¾͹ˣ
Ȼȴ˾ͰѵڶҲһɾ
˲̫ʦĸ˶ǳ˵ڶͣ
̫ʦʷǹԼȥֻ˵˵ѵģȻƿˣԶŲǿɶ񰡡
ųԲͽǰǹ˵ưײζһֱܡ
ζò̫ʦˡ
û¸µʷ
գ˶ĳԱˣ̫ʦˡ
үΪ˲Σǫһڿʢײ˵Ŀ뿴үʡ
үɨһ˼ͬˣζȴ˵ΪΣ
ȴƷζأүһʣʶľ͵ƣϲΣ磬˲һ仰ͺã
ˡһְ
Ȼֻһ֣ΧڳŵҲǵˡ
ϲΣ
˭֪˰
˵ĵطͲȱɰʵ׵ˣһ⣬ǽϵ˸𾪵ĲС


70 
λ˼ңײСϲ𣿡Ա߸վҪߵͣ, ЩĿŸո˵ȴʵ
ȴʶĿһү, λүǺĵһͷ
Сһ, ȴȴһ
˸ų, Ǳ̫ʦ, һ·үûɫոջ浣Լһû˵طȥء
ǫǸϺ, ƽ޹ʵүԲ, ƭ˭أ
Ϊ, ̫ʦŻҲˡ
˵룬˵ֵүעġ
үͷˣ˵ԼոյĽͻǿԵġ
֪ûλ, ˾ɵĵȻеģԲε˿Ʒζ
, εݻͣһ, һλҲӻ
лһֿ˹ȥ߳лһЦЦ
лһҲһЦ
λ߻ˣǵһҪˡ
˶ͷһ
ײ˾ȻòģȻǲƬҲǲΰ, ô˾ˣ
ˣ
֮ǰΪĸ˲Ӳ, ڴʱҲǵС졣
˼ұλ, һô, ľ͵ˡ
ѹҾþʹӺײ֮, ҵļˣҲɶأ
ŶҲоһΪҿأ
ѵҲǣ֮ǰһֱںڡ
֮ǰѰײӵˣǡӵ˺öҺðܼңҿġλ˵꣬룬Ͱ׺˸ɾ
⻰һ˵ڳҲһЩ˶ĺڡ
ԣЩҲֻԲûġ
˰ˣ
̫ʦʱͻȻ̯λģΪ֪鲻ˣ̫ѧɶƭ
ϣ̫ʦֱָлһ֡
һ鷳Ĳ̫ʦлһȻƽվƽ͵ĵλˣֻòԭжһΪãΪζ
˵Żлһǫλʩһ
ǫͷл˵ܺúѧϰϣһΪʦ
ʦ̣
ʦĻлһ˵ɾǻˡ˵Ļֻ˵С˲Ⱦ֮Ա˴漴ɣߣ֪֮ˣǲҲὫĽ֮Դ֮ظ֪أ
ҪлһΪͷĻ϶ͱ˵Ƕƭˡ
һǮĲ
ɵ
ڱ˵ǾͲһˡ
ûʣһЩӵˣʱҲȫȸɾ
ҪΪΧ̫ˣ޲ð붼ɾˡ
̫ʦµһҲ˵лһֵΪơ
ƣʷ˻
ʷ˸ɵľͲ˵Ĳ£֣ǫΪԱ֮󣬻ûù
ĿⶢԼѧʷ˾Ͳˡ
ʷ۾Сղ̵ģҵѧԣ
ѧ㡭㡭үǹҪƼѧأԣȴôһʷడ̫ʦһ仰ͽϵ˶˽
ȴһҭǱ̫ʦģǲ̫ʦȥӲҪ϶Ҳġ
⵹ãȻԼˡ
ҲԼ̫ҽԺҩһҪСӵ˸ϲɹ򡭡
ҲøƥɫΪ̫ҽôҩ
£̫ҽԺҩĲɹǱ̫ʦ˰ţȴ˲òϼһͷˡ
ȴ˲ֱ˲̫ʦʷ°
лһ֣ǳţ»
ʦȻǸո˵ǻ͸
λһֱ˵ٵүҲ΢Щ뷨ˡ
ñӰ
ͺ˭Ƶġ
ϵĸ΢ЩС΢ʱлһ˶
ͼŶ߸ߵһȭңлһ֣һ˼ҵţܹ뵽ӼﵱѧңǼңǴ壬϶ĸˣ
һֱлϣ˴ʥˣΪ˴ʥ˵ǺͿʦЩ˵ʩչ֮أҪȴǿ·˵ģ
صأΪ͢õˣҵȵĹͬΰ־򣡡
Ϊ˸лʥ˶ҵȵЯлӼѧϰƺ͸λʦϤĽ̵ͬǵŬĽҼҾƶò̫Ķлʥ˴ǼҵưײζͰѼһϲгƬ˴˽ǹӼδ֮ģոյļλͬԣȹ֮ЧУҲлҵĸлʽˣϣҹӼ̫ѧǣδܹչͼ
չͼ
ڹӼѧڴʱһѧлһŶȭıġ
򣬼ǻʹڡ
һ̣Χ˶һ𸽺
ôҵ뷨ôʱ 滹ء
ǲйģͨޣҲһֱЧķչͼʲôģͼ
Ӽˣ˭Ǳ뷨ģ
ͨĻԵ˻治
˶Уϣ˶ȱ
ܹôλε˵оˬ
Ҫӵģոǿˣλء
ʷʲôģҪǱ۵Ļδ
ԣлһֵĻõ˹Ӽͬǿǰһ¸͡
ոǿ佱ϣǫԼĺʵ
лһʹͷʦĻǵģѧϲķУûдʥ˵ʵ£лһֻǸСӣ˵ӼˣǾǵĴôģҲεģ
˵꣬лһʦľϹ
л˵ģϣʦǹû
˵ûʦΪѧлһҪҲʱ仯̫
һУ˻Ϻʦ
ǰҲֻϿõԼӴĸͲһ¡
лһֿ佱ϵʵ£ĵġ
ʦЯģҲһֱûǵġ
ʷ˶Լѧ˵Ļ⡰ϣôţʲô˵𣿡
ߣƨĺһ̫ʦŤͷɪʷˡ
̫ʦӲˣ˵һ䣬СӾȻ˵ôࡣ
⻹㣬һƨĵڳ˶泩ˡ
֮⣬лһĵƨû
ʷ˺ܵ⡣
Լѧôʵʱġ
ڶΣǫС˵һ䡣
лһ־վʦ࣬ĺܽĺУҲ 
ֻǣ⵽ʲô˼أ
ʦǫʱʷȴǰڰڡ
лһΣʦںء
֮󣬻˵ģȲùܣǫЦǺǵĿ
лһ֡Ĳ׵ʲô˼
ҰɣʦԽ˵˼Խ֪ô죿
ո˵ĺܺã̫嶯ˣԺҪѧϰǣʱٻүˡ
лһֺȻĵȻ
ǫǵɪүĺˣѧȻ˵Ҳ̫¶ǾһãǾҵĻˣ
̫ʦһҭ⻹˵һȦĺû˶ΧȥˣҪô˵
үǺ⣡
û취˭СӸոĵƨĵطȥأ
ǫ˵ͷ
ǫһɫɽССֶѣ¶ѧҵΪûнʦط
ǣѧˣлһӦ
ʷ˺ĵͷ
ҪǺԵɪƲһ۲̫ʦĻһλʦӡ
ذɣáʦʧүʱվ
ǫҲվ
лһֵһֻᾡŬʥ˵ɶʦ࣡
ţϷѧǫźӵ
ү뿪ʱ΢̣֪ԼѧƨĶԵطˡ
⻰˵ģƯ


71 
ǫ뿪֮лһֵ̯λҲˡ
Ϊ , Ķˡ
ʰ֮ͻȥ, Ҷлһֻࡣ
ζҲ̫, ´Ƕ׼һЩ, û뵽, λȻҲǵС̯ιӼ, ûϣҶЩĵ
лһüë, Ҷһ, Сһ䡰ʦһǼλ㶼ʶ
Ҷ˵ͷȥŹϣٴλŵʦҾͲ˵, λȴ̫ҽԺҽղ̵, ֻôһûûƤ, Ӧܲ³˭
ʦ˵Ĳϵλǲ̫ʦлһֱʹڿϺԼʦ̫ԸټϿԼҲûһ˿ӣѾ뵽ˡ
û뵽, һκͲ̫ʦ澹Ȼ¡
Ҷ޺޵ĵϲ, ˵, ̼Ҿ, ҵ֤, ŪǶپͲҶ
лһ̧ϡ¶ܿЦıȥ㰲ñӣ͵㣬Ъһᣬд֣
ҶҪ˵лһʾһ£ָָ档
ʱ·ҶͰѻͷȥˡ
ԣǵõ͵㣬ʱһ¡
һᵽ̫ʦϵģҶٵͲһǺ޵
쿴Ų̫ʦҵƣٿĺܻϲ
ֻǽлһ˵һ仰öЩˡ
лһ֡ưײԺ󲻴ڻˣ
ҶסˣæʡΪʲôõ⣬ΪʲôҪͣǰæ۲ŵģģҪԼ飬ȥ㣬ģһǮ͸һƾУ
˵лһּԼݵľƣľƻҪá
ϲȾƵүүҲ˵ġ
лһְ˰ļ򡰲ͣǴ㿪С̣֪Ƿ뷨һ°
뷨ʲô뷨ѽ㼱ˣ˵׵㣡Ҷת
ӣлһֵǲ˵ˡ
ѱˮһ¶үӵͷУȥҿʱȥϽ֪ˣߣϴȥ
ҶŶҲУһֵܵܰԺܲܲҪдֿĻȫЩҾԴģ
лһˡ
Ҷʲôãǲϲѧϰ
дֵʱûôģ͸ˡ
Ͽεʱ򣬲ֹԴǽŸ첲ȵҲһ¿ΣȫЩëͶˡ
ÿÿ˵⻰ʱлһֶЦ
ϲҪÿԼһҵڻҪʦõҵ
Լ꣬ҶҲԼһ˳ȥ档
Ҳֵɣ
ʮĻϣȻرֻ࣬ȴһ̯λ
ڻֵưײ̯λûˣ
Ҫһµʱ򣬾ͻῴһֽ˵һŻȯһر򵥵֡
ŻȯƾȯмС깺ݲƷһǮЧȵȵã
ֹڸҪʹмСʱϾͻ˰Сĵַ˵
դֿڵһҵ̾ǣ˾ưײˣ˵۸һǮ
˵ҪһȥԵĻǲǾʡһǮʱĶҲۣ
ۣ뷨ھȥ
ߣ
˵䣬ľ໥кеȥ
ĶԻڻеĽǽﶼõ
ȻⶼרŰŵġ
Щ˵ȻҶˣ취ˣлһ֡
мС꣬ҲǼҺϿĵ̡
ҷֱǽʷлһһɵġ
ʮĹ򣬴ȷٵҺԼҪĶȫ׼ȫˡ
ٶȣֱе˶ġ
λ֮ǰһֱǿݵģֻûһҿľǡ
⾩ȱǮ˲࣬ǮƵĸ࣬Ҫǽһҵ̴һžΪĻ治ࡣ
ΪмСˣ
ҵ죬ǹӼĻпգϸͿʼмС˾ﲻ
ģǺֵ˾Ȼǰ滹ųĶʱ򣬸Щͷԡ
һҸտҵСѣô˹϶С
һЩͬУ̵֪ĿɽҪȻСǮȱ㣬Ȼѹһ¡
һĶ飬ֵǵλϣˡϲˡꡢˡ뿪֮󣬻Щûо˵ӡ
ôóԵĲ˵ôأ
һ·˼ĻصԼĵ̣Ҫȥ鷳һˡ
һĹмС꣬ھˡ
׵Ļˣ
ؼ˻ǣĲ˰ɾȻٷݣһٷݣȻˣ͹š
ȥģֻܿҵԵĹš
Ϲһľ鱾ղȫϣӭ٣
һͲˣһСѣôó
Ҵߡ
ȻмС걻˸סˡ
סĽǣԽԽ࣬ʱԽԽ磬ֱҶͨҶӰظлһִ
֪лһ֮ȴȻڹӼﰲд֣Ļشֻһ䡰Щ
ҶӰزȴҲ֪лһôͷģ͵Уת
Ϊʲôôæµô׬ǮҪ౸˲ǰһԵҶֱըë
ҶӰҲһ
лһִģүү˵û£˵Ҫѧʣæأͳ˽лһֺˡ
٣׵ĺˡ
˵ΪԼãܾǹȥģҶٿ˺һˡ
ҪлһмСտҵʱҲȥһ죬ԺǺһڹӼĻҲ뷽跨ܳȥˡ
֪ô׬ǮȻٶ׼һЩıﲻסˡ
꣬лһɨһۡҶҵˣ
Ҷٿһ˵أҵʲôġȣȣⲻд𣿡
˵д۾˼û档
лһּһҪӣҲֻͣģ룬ŵԼֵİײ˲ˣ
ҶҸʱסˡ
õİײ˶ǴлլֳģǵطĲˣţ治ࡣ
Ҷ١Ϊһ˵е²ܼ
Ҳԭϸϡ
Ҷ١Ȼ׬Ǯˣ
ɲ
һЪϢʱȿʱ仹Ҫ࣬Ǯ
Ҷٲ֪ʲôʱʼЩǮˡ
Ƚλлһֻͦġ
ʵȱԼҩֲռǣֻó
ʦĽ֮£ѾھǲԶĽʮĶֲˣｻϵ
ڵһλƹȻҶ˳ҵģʷǴһ˦ң˶ûɹ
ʹλƹҲκ쳣˼
ʷκһǲ
һλǹӼѧҲСˡ
ܺһˣ϶ǸĽɫ
ƹ񣬺ܳȣҲʵڣҺò־ݣҲҺôҺˡ


72 
һ˺һлһܽɫ, ²Ʒ, չ, С꣡
Ҷ, Ҷٵͷ, Ŀˡ
Ͱ
ã
˵ܼ򵥣ȴһҲ׵ġ
ǽʷ, ȱľ, лһȱľ뷨
ʱ̸տ, ҲǸɾʮģλҲǵһԼ飬ҪϽ, ҶԼȥﶢˡ
ȽڹӼϿΣСڡ
º, лһյƹĶӡ
С꿪Žµʱ, ӵķֺ졣
һǮ
Ǯϵʱл־˱ӶЩɵ
ׯЩأǰٳһˣԺл־Ͼǳסˡ
λлһȥϵġ
⡭ǰµģҲ̫, ʦﻹнϽȥ, ǵȲģл־ҪӷŻϡ
ôһҲ, ʵڵĺ, ȴûǺǺҡ
Լ׬׬Ǯĸûж, Բ˼ҳԿ
ƹЦŽ͵лүģҲ͹ȥˣ
лһҲͷǰЩպãʱǶЩȥ꣡
л־ڳ׵ķˣʹĵͷ
󣬾Щˡ
ôӷأ
ϲܣһҪȥׯţڼҲģл־ǳˡ
лһˡԴǮׯҪǷĵĻҵطǻȥʱøżҲû£ӽ»˸ҶԽУ
ȫһ㣬лһǺܷĵġ
լʷԶżʷҲ˷ǳɵ·Σв۵Ҫлլ⣬ҲҪúõĿǿǵġ
л־һǰһơСغã㣡
ǳɣʮҪĶֱͳɣлһҲûпľͽˡ
ǮׯﻹԼռˣϢлһʱûġ
ٹ¾Ҫˣʱ򻹵ȡ鷳ĽԼŰɡ
л־˶ʮãһٰʮлһ
ƹֵлүﲻ֮ǰôæµˣǸ𣿡
лһҡҡͷżͰǰõİ죬ͻȻ´ѩĻǿǰ
տʼʣ⾢ͷˣһ»ܿͻģԲǱҪб뱣ʱ
лһֶ
ƹлүģһֱǶأû˸ԼǮȥ
ͳɣˣ
ң
мСˣƹĻƣİǰӪҵǮôһ͵ˣһûУŵĸɻ
һһǮÿƹĶǵɵĻͳƳ
Ȼƹ鷳һЩЧǷǳԵģҪĶЩˣȫԷľͰѻɺˡ
ҲΪƹڿ̵һ࣬Щżˡ
ƹֺлһһȻ뿪лլصȥˡ
²ÿһƹ˵Ĵ£лһĻ
֮󣬾ѾƹȥˣۿÿϿԽԽˣƹҲЩסˡ
ʵǰ̫ˣһ࣬Щﲻ̤ʵҲ
õлһֵĻƹͷˡ
лһ²ģС½һЩӿʼԼλӡ
ʣлһֻǺġ
һֱαӭмСһϿ͸߷塣
ǵĵһѩر󣬶һ³ˡ
˾꣡
һ죬ΪͻȻѩ˲̫࣬ǵƹƼȥʱһӾ;Ƕˡ
ֳԷʱವĸоûˣųŶ׸ˡ
ʵ̫ůˣ
ֹƹλүСС
ڴӵʱ򣬻׼һССĶ͵ġ
࣬ȴ𵽻㾦á
ˣƹľóĻ׼һࡣ
ÿ˸һ룬黰һ˵Է˸˼ˡ
˸ˣԶ㣬ǮҲ
Ȼ󣬻ϲɪ
翪͵ʱ򣬻û㣬ϾѾˡ
ǲ֪һûгԹôúȵ࣡
˭ûȹǲֿˣ
мСķ˻õҿ𣿡
Ҳԣ˵ƹ񣬸һ࣬ҪȥȺȣ
ԷҲкܶ඼ˣҲ˹˻ȥԵġ
ֻǣΣƹûдӦ
ܴˣÿһ룬ҪµĲ˵ûⰡֻǿôҪ볢Ļٶ㣬ɲ
ܴ˿˿ʱΧѾǶˡ
ΪҲˣಢ̫ࡣ
Ҳǣ˼͵Ķ϶̫ģ㻹ҪؼȥǺ˿϶ûѽ
Сӣɣ϶յ㣡
û⣬ʱ˹ͳɣҰθСˣлλĺˣλҲҪ˴ģҲ˵һСһţǮɵˣССƹЦǺǵ˵
Щ̫ܴˣƹô˵ˣҲͰǵɢˡ
Ҳǣ˼СôСĵ̣ˣд£һʶˡ
ΧһҲ࣬˹Ǯˡ
СһֱǮġ
˭ԶˣȽǮһк˵
ҪʷһȦѡĸ
ǺǣԷˣǮ
Ҫ˵˻⴦ڼԼζЩﻹ治Է
ΪϿͱȽ磬ƹǰ֧Ӧһ͵ȥˣһ׼õǰˡ
¥һż
ҶϽλϣǫһԣһ΢еŵл־
ˣлһֵһˣΪľҪʦ˽ڡ
û뵽Ҫ٣Ҷٵʾֵܣһߣ
ȻҶҶһѵĹͬʱλҲˡ
ѾҶүӺҶˡ
ڼԵлһһôˣҲڼˣһ˵
¥ϵķһһǵǵ˷ʣµľˡ
ǴҪƹЪϢĵطģֻƹȴǵ˺ԺһСסˣӾʰ˿ˡ
Ͼֻһӣ˭ǵˣż仹ǵһδ͡
˺ܿˣϽűӵү䷹ˣȺһɣ
һǲǣǫƽĶ˱ӡ
ҶϽһۡôҲһˣ

ϽԼȸˣ
л־ҲŶ
лһֵˮ˵ĶǾơ
ûô˵Ҳˡ
Ҷæơ
ҶүҪȥ˱ӣƺðһлүĺþơ
οɵúȸС


73 
лһֵʱү͹ȥľһģһġ
һС̳ͺȳˣٴκȵ, Ҫʷ, үԼˡ
ȻƵζ, ҩֲռһʱ, ôɺȥĻ, ͳԲˡ
ûʼأͶ˻ôӴ
лһæվ, Ҷүү, ʦ, ȳԵѹѹӰ
ԶԣȳԶҪȾ̫, ɳԲȥˣл־Ҳæ
үүҶӰùүү˵õƬ
үӵһԼҵĴ, Ⱦ, ű˵棬Ƿܵĳһڣʱ۾һ
ţ
ζ
ԳԳԣ
Ե˭˰ⲻ, һԾͣ
һٷĳԵůůͺ͵ġ
Թ֮, ƹԸһ˳ȥˡ
ҶϽʱʷ, ѧ, 
Ͻ˵ŻָԼԴ, ˼ֱͲҪ̫ԡ
Ҫ˵⾩ȱľЩ꣬үӻҲüˣǺлһĺȴǵһμ
ԼӣҪתĿ죬Ҳһлһ֡
ʷԼĺӡǣǫѧȻ
ã
λֱӣԼĴĴָʾˡ
Ҷһ¡үүǸأ£
ҶϽһûӦ
ͬɣԼո˵ĻҪԴ
ͬ⣬С˵Լ֣ԣĬá
ҶӰʱҪ꿼ˣ׼𣿡
лһ֡׼ˣֻҪ鷳Ҷүүˣ
ҶǸ꿼𣿿ȣҲɣһֲõģ˵ˣ˹տŵģүүʹˣչ˲
ȻѾҶտţǱԼСôһ˵ҶϽЦһ䡰СӣǰͺúڹӼѧʣʦϷţв۵˹µģ
ǫҲҲҪŵ𣿡
ǵĵֻвִڹʱŻῪţлһҪ뿪ŵĻҲ˹Է
ҶϽ棬С˵㣬Ҫģ
Ҷлһ֣Ҫõˡ
ȻǼҺϿģǱлһּûȨûƵģȴŴͷ
Ҫһﲻͬ⣬Ҷ뷨Χĵ̶ˡ
ʡЩÿ춼Ŷӣ鷳
лһȴǲûԴȵͬ⡰ż٣¶ǲῼǵģҪĻԼһҿ԰ط㣬һɣ
ҶһûзӦ
ϲ̫ͻȻֻҶ⻰ʱĵһ仰ȴǡҪԼܿĻǾͲȥӼ˰ɣ
ҶϽϸ˴𸴡Ҳ룬
Ҷ֧Դϵľϲʧˡ
黹Ҫ꣬۵˵
˰ɣѾˣǲԼˡ
ҶСĿˣ
ô˵ȴںУôõľܾĻᰡȻûɹ
ҶϽǿл־
ׯ˹𣿲Ļ㾡
л־˹ˣⲻǽһѩյļһЩȥѰЩ˹æģֻû뵽鷳λûллأ
лһһʲ֪
ԭѩµ̫
ׯһЩ˻ûյ˽л־һ´ѩˣϾȥһЩ˹æ
ҪȥѰһЩǮʿģֻʱǰײ˵磬һ˵ȥˣʹĸˡ
ȻʿˣЩǴʷͽġ
ǫûʲôлģôЩҲţͷҸȥʮʹǸɻϽǱأ
лһһæܾʦô鷳ԼŸɾУʵæȥͷǮЩͳɣ
רŸɻУ
ЩżĸɻУҪÿ춼Щ˵ʵ治ɸɵ˳
˵ˣɹˣǼĻ
һ¼ķֺ쿴Ʋ٣ҪһôԴ
лһЩҶϽȴ
ҶϽʷΪ£У
ǫû˵ȴǵ˵ͷ
ҶϽɫ˱䣬ûٽ˵ˡ
˵һлҶϽ뿪ˡ
л־濴˵ȱˣлһǫżȲ衣
ʣ˵ʱǫſڡ
ΪʲôԸսˣǲ鷳
лһֵͷڻ̫ϵմЩ鷳ɣɾʹ󿼣鲻٣ʦ˵أ
ǫȴ̾һմˣ붶ӾܶӸɾģ
ʹлһֽ˹Ӽ֮иʷʦֺͽҪõϢѾȥˡ
Ҳûа취ԭûκθϵҲΪлһֲһ
лһȴҪԽʲô𣿡
ǫ̫ʦϽ˾ȴȻһЩ˵¶õ¶һ˵һʦǿԺ˵ģϽŵĶ
ڰŵжǾͲ˵ˡ
лһһˡ
սô꣬һȥ߹ش̵ǳ£СͺˣȽصľͲټȥˣЩҲֱӸϳȥԽ͵
һһ꣬ЩѾ൱һˡ
ûиоʲôĲ̫ʦȴ˵ˡ
սѪҪЩȨڸǿẮĵġ
ȫϳýһǧɣЩȨҪĽ
ֻϽƲ¶䳼ЩжٲǵϽĺõģԣ¾һֱš
ʷǰģƫ
ԼѧҶҺãҽҲȷʵģ¾˾޴ѹҲûϽЩ˸뿪
ҪܸҸɣܹԼˡ
ǫֵнںţҪ¶ҲܸȫһЩϷΪʦ˱Ƚõ˶Ķ֣࣬
лһֿЦʦǲǫ飬ֻԼڱĽʿһæ취ģЩܸɻж٣
ǫһָͷ
һǸׯҲòôˣҪ뷨ٸɵĺˣɵʲôءлһѰ˼ٸɵʲôܽһٸ˰
ǴƼңԼͲܸаܼҵĿܡ
лһȱľǵӣలżСǿԵģСɣҪ˲ǡ
ǫʱĴһ¡һ٣һ򣡡
лһ֡ʦǵö࿴Լ
ǫֺǺǵĿԼѧЩСԹĿԼ
лһ֡ʦҾһĺӣرѧôصĵӷϣв
ǫҲһӾͰˣ취
лһֵʦô֪һЩ˵ģЩ˲ֹǽģӦ͢ĲŶԣЩҲӦǳ͢Բԣ
Ҫһٸˣлһ뷨Ӱ⡣
һˣлһֵĵһ뷨Ǿܾ
ЩڽﶼȨҪԼСһһˣЩ˻˵Լ췴
뻹ܡ
ҪŪһ˸ʲô
¶һСģͦģ


74 
ǫҡͷЦЦҲµģ
µ£ɲС¶, ʦɱѧ, ҵС, ģлһִʱһҲαװԼ
ҪǱ», ûжµġ
¶, ҪŪõĻпܻԼһҶȥġ
㿴õǫĵ
ʦ¶͵ûϵʦô˵, лһ˿ѹ
õõ, ֻҪԼȥС
ǫ˵е, Ȿǳ͢¶ء˾Ϊ͢ˣ
лһ۾˼˵λ˼
ǫͷ
лһȴҡҡͷ
ǳ͢˼, ʦôС˵϶б¶Լ֪ġ
ڵ̫С, ӳ͢˶ܰסඡ
ʷͽҲ, һֱ
ʷ˵ע֮£лһһʦһٸܸɻ, ҹܲ, Ҫ, һҲգ
Լѧϵ˵Ļ, ǫرСӼ¡
ǫָлһֵķͲٴ㵨, ûΣգ
ǫٻ죬ҲܸСΣհɡ
лһȴȻҧһٸûΣյĻλ˰Բԣ
ǫõɻ˵
аɣ˵ˣǫվҪߡ
лһվ͡ʦ
ǫָָߡ
ʱ򣬵ƹŻʰΡ
ˣƹæ͡
ʱѩѾ˺һ㣬̤ȥ֨֨
ǫʱȴվס˽Ųָŵ̵֡û𣿲Ҳû⣬ôģ
лһЦ˳һܹһ뵽ԵĵطܹĵطӵɫҪǡĺֶûˣķ̫ˣԽԽУʦ𣿣
ǫʧЦԼѧЩ뷨
Ҫ˵СĲܹ¥¥㣬滹ֻһż䡣
ӴʱԴΪô˹̶̵ʱͰѵ̵ִȥˡ
ӣĵ̲֪Ҫ˶١
лһֺܵɪվһԣСꡣ
ȡʲôãҪǱ˼Ҹˣġ
Լ˵㣬˵㣬ȴ϶ᱻ˸ȥġ
Ҫķ֣̫ʣԣʡ
ǫһѧ̣ת뿪
лһҲæϣʦʷ֮ŻԼҡ
ֻǵڶһ磬͹ˡ
лһڴҪȥӼأһˣһ䡣
ʦʲôҪ𣿡ϲżģûµĻʦһ˹
үү˵Ҫ˶ˣôţڶׯϵţ
Ϊѩˣѩͦݵʱ򣬻һ硣
лһֵҺʦ˵Ҫ˵ģȴȥգ
ү˵֪ˣѾͬ˰ҹģǲǣ翴ꡣ
лһգգ۾Ҳꡣ
æҡͷҲ֪¶
ҪԼɲܴӦ
Ѿˣүģôأһ
ϵľܹˣҪ¶ûã֪ȥô˵ˣôء
лһ֡˶ˣ
һٸⲻѩ̫ˣЩסﶼѩѹˣԡһָͷ
ԽԽСлһȴֹ
ôѩסǿܴġ
ڴʱһЩסģǼ;ڶȥġ
ȻӦˣǰҲˡ
лһ΢Ŀһ¡˰ɣҵׯϰһ£ӦòôˣٰһЩȥСæɢɢĻ٣ҼԺɣʦţɣߣϽȥӼ࣡
ٲȥĻܻٵġ
æ¨
ҲҪæ
лһֵ㲻ùȥҵˣȰסţģҹ˵
æ͵ү·㣡
лһְڰڣӼȥ
һ٣ҪǰȥС
Ťͷʷȥ
үˣүһ˵ЩסˣϾͬˣҸæţ˵ĵ˵ͱˣÿү
ǫѾ˹£⻰ͣһ¡
СӾû˵ģ
ԴС˵ү˵˵
үأ֪˵꣬ǫֱЦ֪С뷨ãĻƵģȥŰɣͰ֮ǰ˵ģһ𣬸Сӻ֮ǰ¸꣬ʱٸ˾Ͳøˣ
硰ǣүСϳ
ͲùˣѾȥˣȥæлҵ¶ɣһ뿴Сӵĺأ
ǫ˵Цĸˡ
ѧС˼Ҳǲ֪
ٰţǰ¡
갡ʲôҲ࣬лһôζˣôøæ˰æ
лһֺҶֵ¶֮ǰͺ˵ˣڹʱڵׯϵ˶񣬲ܶ٣Щ˹Ϻˡ
ʦĿʵǣЩ˵ӹ̫ࡣ
ȻѧСѾӱĵطҲˡ
ǰɣϣСӲҪ̫С
ǣߺߣôܣ
Ϊһļ٣лһȥӼͻˡ
Ϊһֵӡ
лһһҲûжʹȥׯӣȻȥСꡣ
Ȼлһʷ
ԶͿˣϰſڵȥţԼӭ˳
һ·ܹģлһֵСǺ˵ġ
ָңҺãĿүʲôԸ
лһ֡ûУʦأ
ҡүڷԷأ
лһֺһȥ
ʧЦĸں档
ү˵үˡ
үĴЦģɫ⻹ǵһأҲû꼰ǣҶλүˡ
ССͣ˼ѹүôˡ
ǫڷлһһʷ˾ЦǺǵĵһ˰֪ʦһòͣøã
лһ֡òøʦѾأ
ǫּʲô»ǳԱ˵
λʦлһֻǷǳ𾴵ġ
صĺһϷʢͣһȦЩˡ
ʦѾڼˣҲܲˣ˵ҲС
ͣԵĺܿ졣
лһֵڳ֮ҲһЩ
ûиտʼ֪ʱôˡ
лһֿڣʷ˾˵ˡǲΪƭ㣿
лһЩԹĿԼʷˡʦǰƭ˺˵õһˣһǧˣҺҲ𰡰
лһϻʱ򣬾ҪʦˣֻǱϵסˣ˵˵Ĳŵȵ˽ϡ
Ϊ˸ȷһЩлһһһȦ
ȷˣʦ˵һˣȴǸԼŪһǧˡ
лһֵ֪Ȼһǧ˵ʱ˶µġ
һǧ˰
ҵţ
ׯСһۿȥǶ˰


75 
ú磬˵ôأʷ൱
ô˰, ʦû, ˰, Ķˣлһֺŵ첲
Լѧ, ĪһЩ
ƽȵĲ, ӵǸˡ
ʷ˰οûʲôĻΪطС, Χĵط, 㹻㰲Щˣ
лһ־ԼԴЩõˡΧĵطˣԲ, ûǮ
ʷˡ㻨Ǯ˵ûطסѵغͷӸ, ͢Ჹһַָ㣬ȷȥͷ, û˰ɣ
Ҳ, ʦⲻط¶ҲǻǮ¶ǡʲôţ
лһָˡ
ΪʦǸϲ˵أ
ԼǿˣʦܳΪʷ, ôܲ˵أ
ԼµĶҲˡ
Ҫô˵ʦܶ, ѹֶ˵һ, Լʦ˺ö, ⹵Ŀû˰ɣ
ۿлһֿҪ, ǫļ֪˼ֻǰЩ˽尲ʲô⣬ܸɻõ¶ķģ
лһԴҡšʦԽô˵ҾԽģ˵ʵ£Ҳܳһ㲻ǣ
лһһҲûбʦĻο
ϲڱлһֻǶġ
ô򵥵ĻôˣͲҲԼʵġ
ʷ˵ʵ˵ˣ
㣿лһ뷭ۣЩǳϵĻ˵˺û˵治
ǫ˵ʱȻἰʱͲҪ˵ˣ
лһ֡ܣ̫ˣ
ʦ
ӶڲˣҲ˵ʷˣʵʵİɡ
ʷ˵ûٷԼѧ
˵ҲģΧĵطˡ
ׯܱߵʮĶˣлլԱߵĶլˣмСڵҵˡ
лһֵź
ҪǸִлһֿ϶Ƿˡ
һǸ߼۵ģô࣬Ǹˡ
ϧлһⶫҲʱġ
ʦԸ˵ףҲ͵֪İɡ
˿Щַŵǫ
ǫüͷҪڣⶫǻּģҲӣ
˿̣ʷ˵ŭЩˡ
СӺ˵˵ǲǰɣ
ǾͲܹˡ
ʹѧʦϻûıֳأ
лһûиʷ˷쭵Ļ ͵ʦţһҪѧҵҪׯϵ飬ôˣûʱŰɣԺ˵ôǾô죿
ǫȴƻģʦ֪һӸô˲ðţЩǸ㲹һµģ⻹һũׯҲˣԼŴģûˣ
лһֶͷһ
ۿʦҪվߣлһæס
ʦ˵ǮûǮЩôʦոյĻǼǵĺġ
ǫˣǸũׯĶ٣ҪǮҪǮĻ¶㣬ˣȥŰɣСӣЩ˿ԶſԿţֻҪǶУˣˣ
˵꣬ʷ˾ͳȥˡ
лһںôʣʷһҲ˵ˡ
һֱߵ˹սǴлһͷʦĽ뿪
ôã͵ֽ
ܱûǿ
лһһȦŵֽطͦġ
лլԱߵ˵լӣʵлլĺڣܴһĵطֻҪס˵ĻЩš
ҲڵмС껹ҪĶ࣬ţԺͨĻҲӪҵˡ
лһׯʱѾǿҪˡ
Ҳڼʦ˵Ĳũׯʲôˡ
һЩˣΪѩԭ ڵˡ
лһעǼһƬȦ汻ιͦʵϰͷ
ôôлһֵĻһڣ˻شˡ
˾ڸߵĽѦ硰ү֮ǰιģЩιģźõĻȥɱˣ˵ͦóԵġ
ǳԹлһַʵ
Ѧҡͷûеģ׵ʱҪ˵ģꡭûʱͳ¶ˣүôأ
лһ֡ЩЩ˵
ѦЩȣȴҲǺʵڵĵ˵ͷ⡭ǵү˵ģֻûˣǰ˻ﲻҪˣ
Ϊʲôлһֲ⡣
ѦС˵̫ʦ˵˱ʵģ̫СԾˣ
С
ЩһҲС̫ʦֻԲҪӦſҶЦĴ㡣
Щ˶ǳ͢ϵˣĵﻹҪҶұȽ׽ġ
һҶҵӸˣͬʱҲܽЩ˸סˡ
лһ̾Ϣһ
̫ʦһСۣЩҲˡ
Щ˰Ƿ
˲ҪԼҪЩ˶ôܵģҰѹµĽй
Ѧʱ䲻ͽʮˣʮˣȫǰٷ򳤡
ʮһлһ֣Щнġ
лһֵ֣Ҳ˵ģֻû뵽ȻǴӽŪˡ
лһֿ˿ǣͷʡǵǧأ
ˢ˵񶼿Ѧ硣
ѦҲԼԴүҾǧ򳤣ֻⲻ̫ϲԾһֱӡ
лһ֡ǧ򳤹͵ģ
ѦɬЦЦʲôɸߵأ
ҪǻŵĻһѩԼߵ˿϶кܶʧġ
ȻҲȽϿ࣬һȺˡ
ڶҲᶳ
⼸ڶ˵ֵǣرܣѦɡ
ֵǲᱻĸôֵ
һǧ֮ǰǸģǵĳʲô㶼֪ǲǣлһʡ
ѦͷһģҾǱ۾Ҳ˵óүҪǸʲôһ仰У
лһְ˰СЩ˵ļҾжˣ
Ѧɫ˽лһֵעŵϼһǧң
ãֶٶˡ
лһָ
ʦ˻ټ㰡µʱ򣬱㡣
ڣ͵뷨Ӱ˸źඡ
˵˵ôŵģҲˣʲôģ͵øɻôǷ˵װɣҲã϶Ҫɻġ
Ѧ硰үģҲǳԸɷģ
ţѦͰһǧ˵İż򵥵˵һ¡
ʵҲǸɢˣû˵ҪʲôҲлһϿЩ˵ʱ򣬶һһѵ˵ԭ 
϶Улһ漴ǧѦʮٷ򳤣Щȫ
˶˶ĺô
Щ˵ĳлһֺܿ¸Сӡ
ٷҲ˳ƺΪСӳǧǳΪӳ⼸˵ǿԵġ
лһָǵĵһǣЩˣ
ɱǱҪġ
ղ̵ĲǵǾԼǸˣ
ߣ


76 
³ʮ, лһ, еһǧȫ꣬ϵһźһǧ˵ס޺ͳԷ
ʮһлһֺҶȥ˹ӼӭڿĿĿˡ
ʮˡʮǹӼѧĿգе̫ѧ˳Է˯ʱһֱڿˡ
ֱʮϵʱ, ǵĿڽˡ
¶ʮ, Ӽ˷ż, ٻؼҵʱÿ˶ܸ, ڲٿˡ
ٿȥҶپԼҪͺƤˣǶǿͨˡ
ȻһĿ, ˶رͬѧͬ, Ϊһ˿ûͨͨ˿ѡȥĿĿ, ûͨҪڹѧ, һֱͨѡĿĿ
ҶٻڵɪĿ˼Цʱ, лһֺʱһ䣺, ѧ֮ȥѧ, أ
һİ㻹ʡ֪, , , ӵͷˣҶָлһ֡
ÿ˵ЦģΪĿĿҲǹѧ
Щѧļһÿ춼ǱддôҵپôԴһֱ۵ŵװ壬֪㲻ȫۣҪҪݸ٣ġ
ȻҶҲѣ˿϶ͬģǴ硣
ˣƴƴɣпܸ֮ܿͨȻֿȥѧˡ
ҶĿɲǿĿҪȥׯæ
ҶϢ˵ׯ⼸ˣ絽ģûвֵʱ
ֱҶлһһׯ֪Ϊʲôô֣
Ȧˣ໵һֱУĲԶ¸ǵļŷҲе˶˵Ŀţš
ΪлүԸġ
СҲ֪ˣеʱ򣬾Ϳɱˡ
ԣеÿ춼ţɶʱ򲻽ˣȥү˵˵
һֱŲˡ
Ϊлһ˲˶ɱˣ죬ɱ˵ĳ׼
ɱˣ
ϣ
зׯʱĻмȥ˿Ҳ˵ʲôǸ˵ġ
˶࣬Ҳ࣬ʷ˸ɱһֱƵˣڰеɱˡ
ƮѩȴǲӰǵĸ˵顣
ʱе˶óĳôɱˣ๾ð
СӵĶԵͣһ϶¶Ц
жûгԹˣжûгԹôˮķˣ
лһûǺȾƣȴһŲлһֺȡ
ǣĸˣ
ôѾϰ˳Կత֮ȴǻҪü˸ۣܿЩǵܡ
⼸ĳʵЩǵ֪һжŰŸǴġ
лһЦǺǵĶŴ룺ԣٺȵ㣡
ٺȥԼĶͶˮˣôóζɱ˾ͳԲȥˡ
үãԺѦ籣֤ѻɺã
ѻɺã
ŴңȥԲ˰ɣٺȵ㣡
үã
ǶʵˣлүԽ˵ǾԽñʾùãˮһڸˡ
лһֺǺǵĳԼĴ룬һͷҲˣ
ã
ӳ׵ıˣ
һ֮ǰлһҶˡ
ҸʲôǻûԱأҶٺöûԹôζɱȴͷһسԣⶼ˵ڶˣҪǱлһʢء
лһ֣ϲܳô㿴Ҳųһͱˣ
Ҷ˿Ǻˮȱ˰ɣ
лһ֣ϣԽԽˣ
һлһֵֹ˼ˣѦʮСӳ⻹иһŵŮˡ
лһֿ˿ǣѦϵүҵҴˣϱλǰڴ˵ģ
٣үãŮ˶ܽš
Ȼ֮ǰѦǶ˵ˣү˺ܺã⼸ĳԺסүģʲô˵ʲôУȻֹסĽš
һţ˵ʱЩ
лһҲ⣬ǽйΪҪ֪ǲܸɺԼŵĻ˵ʲôϰ˾ͺˡ
λɩӻˣлһƺһ䡣
Ѧ첲һŮˣŮ˽Ŵ仨Ѧϱ
Լʾһ£Ŵ仨ϵģϼǱ߸ɣԼ˳ԵģϽԵЩ˾ͶԼģʱ̫̣µĻζãǸү⣬˻Щ࣬ٺ٣
ʶԼ̫˵ˣŴ仨Щִٵӡ
лһֵһЩĻζܺͽһ𣿡
ܰ༸ĻζãŴ仨Ц˵
Ҳһлһֿ˿ԱߵŮʵ
ŮҲŵͷ˵ѡ
ôˣ㣬һҲѲǡ
лһһ䣺Ѭ𣿡
࣡
Ѧһĭ
ͬʱѦ磬Щ˼Ĵ˴ڱ߹صʱѬζźأǲǰ
֮ǰٷ򳤵һλлһֲûر𷴸еӣҲǵ˵ͷ
Ŵ仨Щͣһ²ŵ˵ͷ
Ҷһлһֵĸ첲㲻Ѭɣôأ
Ϊô࣬ԲҪ취ֿζģֹԼԣҪܲôҿŹ꣡лһڿЩʱѾˡ
ô죬㡭ҪҸһЩ㣿ҶǺġ
һǧأ겻ܿŵĻһ˾ʮǮҲ̫ˡ
лһ֮ǰмСõķֺ죬óˣʱҲڳġ
лһȴҡͷ
Ҷĺ֪Ǯȴա
Щ£ôñǮοֻǰͶʣѴܻȥġ
лһ֣ģԼͿԶɹѦҼ˹˵ģ˵ģģҪͷģЩ˭˵˵лһֶٶ͵ø³٣
ʱлһ֣֮ǰ˵ȫһðһ˿˿
Ѧһ㶣Ȼȥˡ
ʱ䲻ãֻˡ
ֶ˶ʮˣлһֺҶʱ򣬶Щִٵվ
ǵȥ극֮󣬼һʲѾʰˡ
٣˵ż֮ҪúЪϢ𣿡лһ˼ҶҲŹ˾Цһ䡣
ҶԴһߣүү˵ҸѧѧҲչǮɱ˸һ裬Ҷ˻ȥԣ
лһЦĸˣͲȱľɱˣû⣬ȥϲԵĲҲԷ棬Եʱһ֣ζڵĸã
ǲǰˣʲôҪҸɵģֱ˵ͳɣҶˡ
Ҷٵע£Ѧ˵ľ£лһְ
Ѭģɱ˵ģ˵ģЩׯɵġ
ׯĻзֹмСɱ˵ģ쿪ʼЩСҲʽۣȻˣмСлһԼģЩɱ˺ѬʱȴԽ۴ȥġ
һһ۵ͽˣҲǮ
мר׼һݷݵģôôлһֵû˵
ֱʷԹɱ֮ÿ춼ȥмСһݻԣЩ˲֪үжô񣿣


77 
¶ʮһ, лһһľׯӺС֮æѦŷġ
лһֺϵһʷǰ
ǵ, үǸߵʷ, ΪϵĶ̫࣬ˡ
Сжһ󳵣걻Ҵȥˣл־ү鷿ǫ
ǫǰлһδĶ
ݣֲǵǵһˣͬĶ, ȻԤ˷ݡ
лһЦЦһʦģѧҲ֪ôͣ
ʷ˵Сɻһ£Ŷ˵ģ
л־ˡ
ʷ˵Ϻб, л־ЩҲô
Ҳü, ʷ˵ǰ, лϵǵˡ
лһֶʦӦ, ȴǺȻĵ˵Դһ׼һڱҵķӵ, һλǸƴ˵ģ˵ƴ˵ļҾ첻ڸǰ, ѧҲֱ֪͹ȥǲǺʣԶʦʦˣ
ǫͲϷϻ𣿵ʦͷ񣿡
лһɫ糣ʦϻ̳˶ԼԺĲƵ, ζܺ, ˬڻ
ǫСӣ֪, һת, ˼ղǾͲ֪ˣ
ûɨһлһ, ѧûа취
һ͵Ȼ϶ǵһ
лһֻûûʲôʦͽʲôģ
λ֪İ˭ҲӰʾԼĳ˼ҰԼô࣬Ȼûм棬ҲܸҪ˼֪ûаæŶԵİɡ
ڼƴ˴մʦĹˣʦûмҾ죬ƴ˵ļҾ˵ûнӹԭûʣһ˹Ҳرģлһ־Ͷ౸һݡ
ƴ˳¾ҪǲյĻ͵Тʦˣ׼˵ġ
ʦӦлһ־û˵¶
漴͵ιһԭ Ǿǻسعꡣ
ǫЩģСæͦΪȥأ
Ҫϼҹ꣬ٹĻЩϣҲԣҪɼˣȻе⣬Ҳ⣬Ͼ뿪ôԶлһ游ĸڣȥӦġ
лһֵǴװȥ·ϿܻȽϸһЩʦ
л˵Ȼʦˣʲô˵ڵģǫûĵ
лһֺٺٵЦ͵˵ǣʦｻһ£Ҫһȥ꣬ϼȻ㣬ǹʱˣ
ǫȷʵû뵽лһֻһؼҹꡣ
Ҫ˵ϲľǹˣÿʱ򣬶µʱ
ֻǣǾܾˡ
֪ѧǺ⣬ֻԸҪȥ˳ع꣬ǹˡ
ǫȥһкܶ£мСʲôʱż٣Щ˶źʲôҪ˵һ˵һһ䣬۲ۣ
лһ֣¶ʮż٣ѾǷ˽ˣʱֱӹصУʦˣ治һﻹͦģ
ź˾͸Ͻȥʰ׼·ôϻǫһۻҪ˵лһֵ
СԽԽˣǲҪóʦļأ
ʷ˲ɿڣлһҲֻôǿʦԼȥͷ
̺ׯ˶һĸÿʮ⣬⻹жʮǮŲ࣬ǲ١
ҲĶ࣬ɱ˵ĺСװĹĺãԸһǮܳүȥġ
ûǵˮлһǲǲûȥˣ
ʵЩ¶ǫҲ֪ģֻѧǵ˵ˣʷ˵ͷá
Լ˵ĺѧԼ˵ģ岻ͬ
ʷİľлһֲûаһǧٸų⣬мСĻƶһĴ
˵Щ쵽ʱеĶڽ͵͵Ĩˡ
ΪȥģھȻǮԡ
ûģȻлҲǱͿˡ
ֺʷ˵һлһûڸ͸ˡ
ʦ˵ģжҪ׼֮ǰҪȥһȦ
ȻˣҲȥͽģȻҪȸʷһЩƽ߶ˣҲǱҶϽ
ֻүȻûгԾǡ
֪Ҫ·뿪ϽûǿȥʰԷԺҲǸ·ȴǲܴ˵ġ
Ͼ·̫Զˡ
ϣүȥׯÿ˶æţǹˣ׷״к
ûʲôˣҲлһֻشӡ
лһҪȥʷĴ㣬ؾˡ
лլٻʷôأ
ܾүֳˣͷûӰ
ʱƹлլлһһӣЩǽˮ
һ лһֻǶмСˡ
ȻǷֳɵǮоǮ
ɱ൱ĺã
ͬģǵɱζرãġҲİɣ
лһȻǣҪЩƵˮˡ
ԼĳǵɱҲҵԼҵĸõˡ
ƹӣ߸˵ľͻȥˡ
Ϊ뿪֮ǰҾȻһС̳Ӿơ
Ϳˣȥʱͼϵһһͷ϶ˡ
¶ʮһ磬л־лһϣŵ㶫ͳˡ
ɫţȴֿʼƮѩˡ
СವĴţѩҲƮƮģͦÿġ
ͣʷǰ³ʱ򣬸߳һµǫ
ʦѧУлһ˵ţһء
ǫһѣ첻˵𣿽һֱӳУүݺߣ
л־æʷˣǾͲȥˣһĹŵ˰ɣ
ǫЦţûе¶аɣǵ֪ˣ·Ҫ·㣡
лһ֣ʦɣ̫ˣ̫ˣ
֪֪ˣ߰ɣʷ˰Ц
һ˵үˣϳˣû䡣
ڳΪô꣬жûмôʵڵˣү
лһʹİСŵȹóԵġ
ǫЩʧЦʷȱһڳԵĲɣ
ǣĵȴǸоͦȺģ
ֱһ䣬ʧããҹɫҲŹŵүүԶˣݰɣЩģѩԽԽˣ
ǫ̧ͷ˿ЩɫްСӡ˶ĵط˭б뷨Ǻǣñʷɣ
ǣүС֪æ
үǽлСүĿˡ
͵ģŪԺӣɶүԼõǮ
ǰһ˵үλлСү̫ˣһ룬лү¶Ҳʵ˵һ
ֻ˵ˡ
һʷʷˣһԺŵСţȻôƢ
ŶУʵԵ̫


78 
˹ٵ˺ܶ, Ÿ·, ʱѾǴʮϡ
糾͵·߳˵㶫, һ
ڵˣ
ѩ, Զ, Ӿһ·ÿҸվЪʱ, ʱл־ϳһ·ǰ۵Ĳᡣ
ʮ, ¼أ, ел־˵
ھǵ⼸£ڿϸϼЩ˶Ǹоɡ
⴩ţ⻰, м˰
ȥӼһˣȻȥЩ֮ǰûд˵¶, ûǣΪǲˣлһֵ
л־ָָϵĶ, õģ
л־, Լﻹʲôϣ˷ǮӾʱ, һز, ó͹˹õˡ
лһȴΪ
һȥô, ˿Ƕ, ء
һֻһˣϵҲȥģ⼸¼Ļƿ϶үүʹ󲮰ŵģˣ߶лӦõġ
˼ҰžˣŻ˶ʣϾҲǷּ˵ġ
ϵڼлһֻôӸ˵ǹˣǻҪȥүүң󲮼ңѼҰɣ峤ҪǰŵĻҲ˼Ұװǣ˵ˣڲȱǮҪ˼ǵ˼ô˵أ
ҲǣУͶȥ򼸷ݣɲ˵Ĳǣл־һӰ쵽ԼˣϾͻ뷨
ԼôŶУл־ںǹϵлһˣǿɲС
¸ĸ
ѧ  Ӽ
ӣڼ𣿡лһһߵűߴЦĵ
ҲǴкˣӼԺǿŵģֱܲӾʹȥ˰ɡ
лһֵһ£Ժͳһˡ
ããϣȻлŰлǼˣλлһֵ
֣ãӵĶӣﵱ̡
Ц۾гһˣлŹãлҲˣϽ룡
лųΪ֣оá
л־лһִöĶȽ϶࣬меĲ̫ᣬҪ᲻ȵĻ飬үò
лһһſЦǺǵӣҲѵְæ
˵£ԼңôЩöʲôӴ˵ô˵ȴһҲľͰѵĺӽ˹
˵ҲÿҲᣬö
һְһ㣡ʱ֮ԺＲ
лһְĶʱ˳ϣ·񣺡ӣһָˣã
֮˵ĵúãɺˣ÷ӿ˰һӳô࣬־ǰһָչ˵ã
չԼҺӣӦõģӣðл־һҲˣҲԼӳˣȻ˵ʵûôչˣǶչȽ϶࣬⻰Ҳˡ
Цүߣã
ʱӵļǰһЩھ·ͼһͣɵĶݻ˽Ų
һӶӭ˳ʱ򣬲ɵľͶ࿴˼ۡ
Ҳˣ¾ЦŴкҪȥ
ǰӣǡˣ·ھӵ
ӣǿɲѧлŴӾǻרͷӵģ
˵ŻӵԼĺӡ
˲ˣȥģѧȻھһĽ
λлſǴӾİǵ֪ܹȥǵĶǴ
˵ôˣôЩˣȥ˼Ҳûôࡣ
˵λлͦ󷽵ġ
Ц⺢ǸТ˳ģǲȥϼˣпռȱ
ɣææھЦлһָҲͷŲԱȥֻٶȲ졣
лһͬھӵ˵ͷȻЦЦְѸ׼Ķ˳뿪ˡ
֮ǰ˵ˣл־лһ֮ҡ
лһָеĵȥ
ûм꼯һЩҲء
˵˾үڶ͵ˣֵߵߵľ͸ųˡ
л־үӸӭ˼ȴԽΧԽࡣ
ֺȺͣӼ￴ţеΪں濴̫Уǰˡ
ʲôǣ
лŰⲻлŴӴ󾩳ǻˣרݷ÷ӵģ
ô֪ģ
ҵȻ֪лſǺѧõˣҿǺһϹѧأλ˵Żظͦĸ߸ߵģģɪˡ
Ȼ⻰һڣ͵õԱߵ˵ĸ߿һۣİĸϺлһϵĿΰ
۾һɣȣҽ˲ȥϵģǲҪողǶ˵ͬһѧϵ𣿡
֮
Ϊͬأԭͬһѧð
Ⱥлһֵͬ
ɫӵĿŷӵļţ㶵ıȺȥġ
Աߵĺƽ˳ôˣ˵ҪȥӼ˵˵ӦԵ𣿡
¶ģôſֲأ
˦˦Դոձӭȥлһ֣
ƽ˵ԴǰӲ˵Ƕȥôأ
Ҳͦ磬Ǳлһߵ΢һ㡣
лһִʱߵԱߡ
֮үӭȥʱҲ·ʹк
ϲ̵˵ԼѧлһԼˣһ𵽼ȥء
Щ·Ȼûнȥ˼Ҿòһ£ЩҲַȻȥӰ˼Ҵ͵¶
Щ˶ûߣۿˡ
ƺͺƽñЩ˸档
ô
Ȼ˵лһ־;ñŤ
õ˭Ҫñǿ״˵ġ
ǵлһֿ֮ϵȻһҪлһֱֺùϵ˵λлŷˣԭϵû˵ˡ
ʷ˹پһƷһۻ治ۡ
ҪԼܹлűֺùϵԺ϶кôġ
ֻǣϵ֪СƢҲͦġ
ԽҪöϸţƾԽҪԶԶġ
ⲻлһָӽ˷ӼңĽžôҲǰˡ
ΪԼǸò۾ͺˣ˼лһȴǴϵȥ˾ǣСˣرζ
ƽ껹һԿѹѹԼĵ׵Ľʵڲȥˣȥ㶫ȥأҪȽȥɣ
ڿлһү͵ôЩ֮ԼŶƾЩòˡ
Ǻƽûô࣬ô˵͵ǳɣҵڼң˾͵øϻȥȽȥˣ
ƽҲ˶ƣԼġ
ƼҸܹҲƵĻŹġ
Ȼˣٴȥɡ
˵գƽŶƾͽӵļš
ҡҡͷƲƲˡ
һ˼ҴСеô࣬ŶҲҽȥ
û뵽ǣĶӣȴ˽һԵԺҲֻĪ


79 
ӵ, л־үŷġ
Ķͱˣӻлһȥ˿
лһּӸˣҲġ
˵ھǵһЩȽ˼, пյʱ򵽾ȥߡ
Ȼ֪ԼȥˣӻǸ߸˵ĴӦˡ
ѧһ⣬Ӧˣܲȥ
ΪԼⱲûиȥˣԶһҪľʹ˲ϲŲطˡ
лһȻܹõֻԺԼˣӷȥһȦҲǴ¶
˵Ż䣬ƽͽˡ
, Ǻƽ꣬ˣ
վЦк
лһֺϵһҲվ
ӣƽ갡֮ͬҲüûм˰ɣ
ƽžЩš
лһڿ˰
ЩΪʲôûһ, ֮ǰͬ, ٴοȻѹ
лһּЩִٵվſڣɵһЦ
ôİ, ûкأԼԲˡ
ƽ꣬þòлһʩЦŵ
ƽæ񣺡лźã
ֻƽʱѧ, λ÷ŴˣȲžЩЦˡ
лһֲûЦߵԱһѣתӵӣںƽһ˰ɣǰһֱǵĸͷţѹ󰡣
㰡ڳɳأʲôƽ꣬վţһ֮Цŵ
лһЦô˵Ҿͷˣһ˺þأ
ƽһֱˣͦġ
ԼЩŲһЩţЩˣĸһĽ
Ҳһµģ˵ͯҲǵʩˡ
лʩǺÿ
ٴƽ˵ʱûôžˡ
ƽ꽫ƷŵϵӣҵԼľƣ֪ϲڣ͸ˣ
źӣҲʦĸöȣҪҰɲֻܺڵ¶Ŷ
ʦĸһ⻰ɵЦŵûȵģƽ;ƣһҲ;ƣԺ󰡣ȱľˣ
ǣӹЦȫ˼ʦĸİۡ
лһֵʦĸ˵Ҳеģƿɲ̰
֪֪һȥ˾һˣôʦĸһ߶ˣƽɣֺǺǵĵ
ƽһȻЦ
ԭҲ˵Цġ
˵Цһ˵ѧҵϡ
лһ˵ڹӼʱһҪѧʮʱʮʱ򣬺ƽ겻ɵֱࡣ
ΪھһЩҲԼô̹
ʺƽʱ򣬲֪ƽȻڴ࣬ԡ
⼸ûҲˣúÿӻһ̫ѹӵ
лӣƽæվлӼҵĿľ¶ģû뵽ԼûڣӾѾӦˣ˵Ǿϲˡ
лһּǵԼԵʱ򣬺ƽ겢ûвμӣʲôԭʱҲûʹΪʱԼҵ¶Ҳһӵżˡ
ɻӣƽЩɬĵҵҴһȥۣȥˣҵȱˣ⼸һֱţǽ»صѧã
ûзּңһһȥѹ˵൱
ҪǺμ汲ԼƣϵʱҲһЩˣܻܼ顣
Ϊ⼸Ŀ࣬úƽӸһ˼ľҪţΪϵĻһҪֵǼҷˣʵڲ뿴ϵȥ˵һԼԴϵȥ˶Ҳͬ⡣
գμӿƾ١
żҲۣ
Щл־ҲЩп
ԼҵʱҲģǶţԼҵҲġ
뿪ȥۣ˭֪
μҵ֮л־ЩҲ֪ԼЩĲϸԾͿԼĶӡ
лһֵļҳǾʹӶȥ˾֮󣬲ܴСĶǶ⣬ģţܲӵģ
лһֵҲвֻǱϵҪһЩѰˡ
ܼİæǿԵģҪΪ
һǧˣˣһԴ
лһ֣һƣûȥǮ𣿡
ƽЦһµһܻǮ̫ʳҼҡûôЩʳҵȥƣ
лһˡ
ʵֹʳ¶ʱߣƲ˵Ͼõġ
лһҲû뵽ð취ϵʵ̫ԣֻõɣؾǻҪһЩƣҪһЩˣʳ͹ȥʲôʱ˾ȥ˵ߵʱߣô
ƽûϴӦһԵл־Ϊʱ̫ˣʱûյĻǾÿȸ㣬ԷģҪƽȥͼ
λүǮҲ٣Ȼ˵ҪƣǮ϶˼ҵģлϵ˵⻰ʱû˿ѹ
лһһԵͷϵܵ
ǣ˼ҼҵľơԼȻУҪ˵ĻܡζЩģƽЩȡ
Ǽġ
û뵽ԼǹӰݸ꣬ȻǵһҺڵ⡣
˼ҶԼãҲʵʵڵĲУǧǲܿƭ˼ҵġ
ҵľÿϵľƹݵʱ˼Ҷ˵ĸֲǮҲ͵ġ
˼һˣӦϵ˰ŵԭ
лҪȥǵĻƽЩûԼľƸлҴ鷳
ƽ˵ĺʵڣлһֵǶ࿴һۡ
ֻܰһ¾ͰһµģλͬȴǺܵ˼
ʵڣǼǮۿϴӦǰԼʾˡ
ˣֵð
лһ֣ӣƽľܳһ𣿡
ӡܰôܣ͵ľһ𳢣ӣϽģѲ˰ȥ
ʦĸҲϽʰлһүʱʦĸѾ˿ʼˡ
Ȼү˵˲ųˣܲ˼һ˰ɡ
ѧҪڼԷ˿Ǹ˻ˡ
лһæţӣòˣҾǳƣȷܶ٣
Ҫ̫ĻԼٰżӵ򣬲ĻҩֲռһЩҲͱˡ
ȴû뵽һȴѹͲġ
ܿ죬һӲ˾Ͱˡ
գл־˶
̳ƶ򿪣ƽƽʱٺȾƵˣںһлһִľ֮ҲãԼҵľƹȻһ㰡
лһֺȹμҵ֮۾һ
ϵĺã
μ˶ǺʵڣӾܿó
һ֮лһ־ʵ˶ټۣ
ƽһơ
лһ֣𣿡
ƽ꣺塭̳
лһ֣ô˺μôӦȥİ
л־ҲһͬЩ˼˹ǮôҲ
ƽ꣺ͣ𣿣


80 
ƽľòˣ
ЩҪԼҵľ, ܾ⼸ǮҲ׬
Ͼͬ⣬ȴҪͼһµģΪܸɵ˾Щ, ҪǽȴǸôƣôǵˡ
лһҲûдߴ١
Ҫ˾ȥ˵һؾǵĻͺүү˵һ¶үү˵ģȻǴˣǾҪĳһЩĺá
̫ллˣҶ֪ô˵ˣƽл
лһְڰڣҲȷʵǺμҵľƺãܰͰɡ
ΪŸոջûмڷӼ, ¶˵ˣүˡ
ͬ͵Ժ⣬ƽҲһ˳
лһһٵĶŷչ˺Լ壬ڷӵЦݸ뿪
ƽ꿴үıӰЩӵĵӣҸ鷳ˣҡôӦģ
лһܹôʹĴӦ, ҲΪ˵μҵѴ, ϶ǲлҪǵ¶
֮û¶ҲȽϵ, Ժ󣬼ǵøжУ
ǣƽһǵģƽĵ
Լѧ, ֪֮лһ⺢ȻСȴҲǿǵıȽȫģӦò鷳İɣ
ʵ֮˵֮ҲЩˣȥ˾ǣҲȻһӡ
ԺǲٹˣԽԽˡ
лһֲֻ֪ҪҸϣͱӺͺƽΪ˵ġ
˼ϣͷ
ϵĶֹл־Ŷ࣬лһҲЩۡ
лһָų϶һĶ꣬ܽЩǸʲô𣿡
껹˷ء
ոջλٲĻܽȥһ˵ġ
СӣС⻹ǲ١
лһһʣˣүЩСⰡ˸߹صֵǴȥǱ߹صĺӶûмҲǵһμɣ
лһһ
߹صĺӣ
ǰЩڱ߹س ûл϶ˣǵĶҲ٣ǲʵݣҪǸȥǲرˣ˵ʱرĸˣȫͺƽؼĲһ
лһֵ˵ͷһС˹ģͦģҪʲôһ𰡣ﻹȱЩ
۾򰡣öأûˣģٺ٣
ҪȥģȻүҲҪǾһ¡
ȻǷ˸տţл־Ķųϲȫûнȥ
лһֺ˽˴󼯣ٴγʱÿ˻ﶼһ󱧡
л־Ρ
СҪѴ󼯸
ֻ˵Ҳģ˵ʵлһˣ˾ĹǵһΡ
ɶɶĶļһԣ˻ľǿʲôֻҪõŵľˡ
ȻǿʵݣĶˣл־˺һ
ֱлһְԼĶ˵һôʱûڿŶҲܰôǣ
ˣͻȥɣ˸ºӴ屼ȥ
ʮΡ
ºӴӾ
ĵ·˶һʲôϲ£
ϾʮģȢϱǼ޹ģܹѡһĲడ
ǱȼȢˣǴӵĴŻˣ
ǿǣүͷˣ
ҿСǲǳ˺ܶ˰
ǿ϶ǰҸ㰡ǵˮ˰
Ӽѧǿ϶һ
Ҳԣ˵ҪҪҲȥһȦҪǵʮͳˣ
Ҳ룬ˣģǵŶ
Ҳǣ̫ˣȥ 

ڴ۷׷׵ģ䲻˵Цš
Щ˵Ľͼȴʵġ
ºӴֻһţȥ˾ǵĹӼ飬ҲҲôһҡ
ظΧź;ˣٵʡǱߵĽ͹ˣºӴҲһ
˭ܹôģܵô˵Ľ񰡣
Χأͳлôһλ

лһһصҾ˵¶ˡ
ݼүˣȦһ죬Ϳʼ߶˵ˣү뿪֮Ϳʼ߶һֱ֮Щ˹ͽ񣬴СĶ˵һ顣
лһֿ۲Ŵһ£Ъȿˮɤˣ
ҶӾģСˣ϶ûԺãֵˡ
۰
ҪԼȥĻӿ϶Ͳôˡ
лһЦЦҽģֻûտ
л֦ݵŸź󱳣͵ˣһ˯ţһ°ɣĵǶţ׶Ӱʶ֣
лһȦЩɬ
ǧĸǣ
ȻϵһԣǼȴȻʱ޿̵ڹš
һֱ߶ţҲһ˼ı﷽ʽ
ôòˣǲ֪Ҫ￪ʼ˵˾ʹͷʼ˵ˡ
ͺϼˣһȥǹôлһ̽ʵ
֪ݵҡͷĳɰȥˣӰģοˣͷ˵ĻѡӡǸСӣͬģ
ͻȻӵʱ˵ŮѡҵĻͬ⡣
Ǽ˲һ£ʱֻſзļҾˣѶӵĻǵ̫ɾϣ
лһֵĺͽ㡣
ȻŸ²ǽȴǳĸˡ
Ҳ֪ĸС˵ôãҪأ
͵ܵܶԼл֦ߵĺ˳ȥ
л־ھæôãҲͲǸʲôҲĴˡ
ǱҪһЩ
лҲԲȲģĻ¿ǲһֻۣһֻ۵ġ
л־ʣ֦ϲˣǼôȥ˼ˣ
ݵûأⲻý˹˵͵ģҾʹһ£мҲģ
ʱҪȥ࿴ģֻл־Ĳڣȥ
ϸˣ˼ҲҪ֦࿴ǲ࿴¶ͷˡ
Ͽ֪ԼСӿ뷨ˡ
С˵ĻлͰϷǼǵġ
Ϊڵļֻ֣Ǵûȥ࿴κ˼ҡ
лһ֣¶˵ȥүү̼ҿȥѣ
һ˵𼱹л־ϵ
ӱĶã̫ӣкö඼벻׵ġ
ôòڼˣԼϱ뷨⣬ȴҲûһ£еƵġ
¶б뷨̫ˣѹ̫˰
лһ֣ҲҴ꣬ʵҾò󣬵ˣҲȥˣ
ǳɣҺѡѡһ㿴źʵ㣿л־
￴ѡɣ˵꣬лһ־ͻԼСݡ
ЩίҵģöӲˣӹˣ
ݵıεСϲ˲ˣЩǡ
л־ҸǶھǸʲô֪Ϊʲôˣ
ʲôһǧˡ
л־ļ˶ЩƮˡ
ԼСھһǧ˰ҪԼҽĻȴ࿴ر𲻺ʵĻͦĵĹ
ܹˡ
ҲŮܿӹŮôţ


81 
ݲֻŵ, ⲻԼҹĻҲ˵˳
л־ϱϸĿһſڣӲӵȲ˵˵ǼΪ˭
ȻҶӰݺܽ˵
Ҳľ˵ˡ
, ϣ˭ôвŵġ
Զǵϣôûȥظء
ȴѾȥ˾ѧˣǽ
л־ģŮ¶úԼΪ𣿡
ôУ£ý֮ԣĸ֮⡭СӲʮ, £𣿡ݵĻԽԽС
ԼҵСӶţʲôģĲİɣ
ԼְԼˣ鶼ܵȥĶӣʲôأ
л־Цһ, ϱ, ָϽɫȲ˵˵ʵ, ǲǺͱѾˣ
æûеģȻҲ뷨ģⲻǱŸǵǼ֦Ҳź˼, ȶģͣûкˣ
л־һͷˡ
Ҫϱĺͱ˼ҰͶˣǾСб뷨Ҳûˡ
ϱƽʱʱǸòģ֪ȥ˵һ
ݴʱҲЩµģʱǵıӵ˵ŻҪһý¸ඡ
û뵽ȫۻˡ
ǸͲǺ˵ûֱӸסģ
ʱŲûȥýżңֱӾ͸׵ȫܾˡ
ǸʱЩ˵ģϣҲôܹЩҲˡ
ڣЩлˣԼӿǹһǧˣӲŶٻ˼Ұ
ݺ˼ţͱл־ų׼ȥլĶˡ
лһֻһҲˡ
л֦ݸһףܣ䣬ˣůͣ
ŰɣҲģлһָָԼް
л֦俴ްЦЦȥᶫˡ
ܵϵްҲ׷Ƶģܵϲл֦Ҳˡ
һ˴һŶլȥ
£ѾǴʮΡ
ʱ򣬼ҼһĶ׼ҹˣȴվԺſš
л־һҳ֮һҼҵ˶ӿȥ
л־Χʹк
壬𣿡һԶĴкĺû⡣
ȻЩֻΧЩŤһӾʹ˻ϻӡ
һͳˣȥҳԷ
ǰ壬һ
ģ
С澫񣡡
ǿɲǣ˼ҿھѧүأ
һһģл־һլʱѾ˺һˡ
Ҳ˶ԭҲл־ƽſڵˡ
һȺ˸յԺ⣬л־ƽʹš
ǻˣл־ƽϲŵģ߻ŸһͷڵİСӡ
л־ϲ磬ջãأ
أл־ƽѴŶ򿪵
󲮣磡˸磡л֦лһֵСĽˡ
лһȻŽˣ󲮺ãã
úúãˣһֵܸܵкأл־ƽİԼİС˳
ܡһֵܵܡ˾ͺãҲû۸֦ˣл˵ЩŵģȴܹĻˡ
۸ԼĽ㰡
лһСһ䣬ŵȺһۣӦþǸ˰ɣ
ˣлɵСӾȻ״ˣ
л־˶ЩΣ͸ɿһȣλǣҪȥ͵һҹҪһһ𰡣
ģǹҲҪСһЩϵģлɵһ˵˭˼˼Ҽ䷹԰
һһɵС˵ʲôǵСŲˣ˭ҲҲڡ
ûϣٲһȣǾͲֵˡ
˶ѵЦŵ
ˣ
ﶼ׼ˣ
ʲôҲؼҳԷȥˣ
㣬˭۸ģиͷҲȥݷðݷã
ܿ죬ȺͿʼɢˡ
лһҧгݵġݷðݷáĻһ䣬ɢĸˡ
ͨ
Ⱥˤˡ
˿ȥʱѸٵˡ
ͺˣʱôô۵ȥлСѾͷأ
УøϽؼ뷨ȥ֮ǰлСӸˣûҺͼ˵˵Լĵģڣ˵˰
ҪСˣǡԼҲˡ
лһȥ𣬴Ȼȥˡ
ֻл־һլԷĿնвټҵСӶһ⣬еĻŮ붯֡
Щлլﶼ֪
˭֪˼ǿ޻Ц
ڵлǸ˵ĸտ꣡
СѧҵгɣдĴ̫ÿˡ
˵ҲԽԽҲرлһֻ֮󣬴˵Ļ˳үӸ˵Ŀ˺һűȰƽ
лһЦʣ˸ʲôʱʼ˵ģ
һ֮ǰʱǶЩأϵ
ɲ˵ôҲŵģ˵ʱǸİˣϺȦѸոճõĲ˷ϣ˵Ĵ
л־ƽҪллСӣǲΪǡ
ҿлһִ˴󲮵Ļл˵ġ
лҲЦţȫûԼָܵܰԼϡ
ȻЧǳˣ
ֿ˿л˵ĺͲǳŶ俴˿
һ˶۰Ͱ͵ĳţȴûжʡ
ֱлһͣ£ȥϴϴ
л־ųһ¶ӵ䣬ʹһɫ
һ˶أܵ˵ʲôɣ
лһֵ󲮣ǸҪȣЧûбǰˣǻܹЩôģ˭˵𣿡
л־ƽվûУ˭Ҳû˵Ҳû˵˵˾Ͷø粻ˣҶģ
Ҳվ֤ûк˵ʱҿʣҹţ治֪ʲôӣ
лһ֣ûô
󲮺ʹﶼôӣҲͷˡ
ǵ¶ҪǴȥˣ˼ҶҹˣҶҪôأ
Ҳá
Уλ˼ҩͷȥҼȥȡÿһκȣлһֵ
ɣǴлˣĲ˵ˣԼһл־ƽľƹ˹˵ľ͸ˡ
лһ֣ԭҲôˬ˰
лܺȫǳл˵ϡ
ϣʹ֪ԼĶܹΪ϶ҵСӣ֮ǰС֮ĻëҲȫûˡ
ֻȫ֮˸˵ϱⱲӾ֪ˡ
˵£л־ͰѼ˶ȥǵ¶˵˳
ȻⱾСģլߣǰǶĵ˲ǣ
л־ƽĿлޡ
Ȼûаѻ˵֪˼ǴѵҲ߰ǴͷǲˣϾͷּ˰


82 
ϲˡһЩЩĸ, лүӴʱ顣
СôͣлûԼȥǵĻᡣ
Ҳô
ǰӽ, ż˵ʱֻԼررңԶԶ͵ˡ
ڣӺСһȥס
ǣ
ס
еּһлĶ֪ġ
ôһӵͣģ֪ˣ
ν֪㳣֣
֪˻һ˾ŵ㣬Ǿǲ̰ģ
ڿһȦԼ֮лЦſڵ뷨ǳ, ڰˣ
үӲͷ˽żºӴôˣȥ˭Ҳʶ༱ĻŰͲȥ, һȥչСӰɣ
, л־ȰȰ
лһڣµģЩ˵, ȳԷԷųԷ
л־ƽҲ, Ǻ£ٿǿǣĵطҺͺչ˹
˽Ǵͷǲϣڱ϶ҽߵģүӵĻ֮л־ƽȴ˵˵һ
Υĵģȥ˾ǵĻ϶ǱڼҪ
ֻǣлһɨȥ죬Է
Ŷл־ƽ֨ˡ
ּܷҲּҵģСǱүӸܵڣһۣ˵ʮ仰á
ֹл־ƽ˵ˣл־Ҳټˡ
лһһ֪үүѾ˴ˡ
Ҷүʹˣ뿪Ҳġ
үү̲ԸȥǵĻһЩбҪٺʹ󲮺үүһ
ȻүҲûпǾͰͷȥˣлһȴҲ֪ʱʺȥˡ
ûүѾʼӵ۾
ģԼҪؾǵĻҪü죬Ǿ͵̸ɡ
һҹ֮ܺг
ûһ֮ǰ¶ͺ֮ǰѾе˸Ƶġ
ֻл־ƽ뿪լʱүӿлһֵŲᡣ
һԶˣүӻվԭš
ϣأӿݰɣģ
л̾һģڶ࿴һһۣӶˣǲ˰
ү߱ߵ˲룬ƾգﻹأϴ˻Ҷ赹ˮģˣ
԰һõ˳أҲȥô˵ֻлүŤͷ˿
ֻżھӼﴫ˵ЦͬոǼһֻ·ϣѾûӰˡ
ȥǰżĵȥҲ
밡ү·Ϸɸʮ죬Ҫȥ ûʮ죬϶ǵĴŲţ
εĵͷţ
뻹ǿԵİɣ
ͲɣҲᣬСעºӴˣʵʱȥǿ
ôһ룬ϵеССˡ
*
ͷ
һлл˾ͻԼС˯ȥˡ
Ա˯ӣ̣
л־ƽȴ˯š
ϰ̸̺ãл־ƽڵϷʹߴһ䣺ôˣϽ˯ɣ컹ȥأʱǵȥ϶үһ𣡡
л־ƽ֪˯Ҳ
ôˣҪ𣿡ʡ
л־ƽʲôأ˯ɣ
ꣿҲ͸սعԺЩظǰҹ˼µˡ
궼صġ
꣬л־ƽȴôҲƽ
һɴҲű
ǲүȥǵ¶
ǣ˵˲ȥǿ϶Ͳȥˣ룡л־Լ׵Ļǲỳɵġ
㻹ʲôϲˡ
ǵǲƽ⣬ո㲻ҲҪ˳ףҳ˺ˣҪǻĻ϶ȥǲл־ƽЩˡ
ϵǺܿÿԽԽˣҲТ˳үү̣ǣȥ
ȥʲô˿϶ԽԽãˣȥ϶÷ӣ¶ɱ˵
Ϊɶ첻ȥ
ȥ˼ҼҪȥ治
ϣҲǣǳɣȥȡ
ϣүҲûбҪǣȥĻһ仰¶
Ȼ֪϶ھǸʲôˣǴӴĶʹӦǷ˵ġ
ڸȥĻӦȱš
ҪǸϣǲö࿼ǵģ϶Ǹȥġ
ϧˣԼⱲǲȥǷˡ
뵽˱ǰˣϵƽһ㣬ƲƵҲûãڶԽԽãڴȢϱԼܰæտţҪȥҵĻǿܲԼˡ
Ͼ͸ȷ˻ڴȽϺˡ
л־ƽ֪ԼϱѾˡ
ϱûڣǱԼҪƽĶ࣬ҲͷһЩ
߷ˣл־ȴһҲƽ
л־һӻصҵʱǵļſھȻһţ
ţԱ߻վ˸ˡ
үǺƽ꣡һ߽վһ˾͵
л־ϱ͹ﶼȥˣһ⻰ˣСӣǡǸͬ
лһֵ˵ͷҲ⡣
ƽôԼأ
ƽ꣬ǡ
үүҵݷ˵ģƽеεĵ
ȷʵͦεġ
ֻǼҲʵûа취ˣ΢еķӣүܴµ˼Ҽ
лһ֣үү壬ȥɣ
ʱл֦ѾԿóš
лһֵͬƽ꣬ŸһʰʳҺ͵ոջûгԱأ
ǳ˷ģæˣүүϽ˵
ϵҲš
ȴ˵Ų£ȻŹŮȥ׼ʳȥˡ
Ķı˵ģʱֻҪһȾܳԣֳСˣ˰ϣл־뵽
ݺл֦ò˾û¶棬ϾǸүǣֲ죬лһ־ͽȥķȥЪˡ
֮лһֲ֪үʵͶ·˲Ž˱˼ҵţҹѩ·ġ
μ֮ǰϵһƹ;ƣǽ͹ȥʱ򣬾ȫ˼Ҹˡ
ҲǺƽȥ˷Ӽ֪֮үһȥҾƹݣԭҪѹۡ
ǼҵľƲã⼸ûʲôΪɣҪ̳μ˵;ܾˡ
ǮƵʳǮҲοЩǺμҵָ
ںƽ֮ȥҪ˵֮ǰǩġ
úμû뵽ǣᵽʱ򣬾ƹݵó͸˺˸顣
˵ʾԺҲˣҲϵ˴к˭Ҳٴˡ
ϵǺԭһУԺٶЩ֮ĵͷ
ƹݵ˾ǣǹ
үүιȥˣһӵͷҪû˽ҵľƣǼҵ˾ֻܵŶˡ


83 
үȥҽ, ȥ˵˼ҰŶˡ
ƽһżˣ˼ٺǼ˵ȥҲǶࡣ
ֻǻؼٿ̳, ʲôҲûеʱ򣬺ƽЩɵˡ
һ˿ŰѾˣһȦˣǹ갡ԭŻʱͿԳҹ˵ģ
ӣ˵ˣܹܲȥ⡣
ܵóԷɣһҲûеļ, ôȥ
һ˶ˣүӸһֱԼܣҪҲһ˸Űܿˡ
ƽΪôҰģ˵ͬСڷӼ˵Ļˣһ˾͸ˡ
ֻ, л־һȥլԷȥ, үȵڡ
ƽҲǲˣһҵָˡ
Էʱ, үûôӡ

Ȼ
ֻʵû˼ҵķˡ
ƽҲȥˣѻ˵˳ҲǸ˵Ļǲ˵ˡ
һڳԵĶû, ʲôİ
л־үùвˣ۾ԼҶӡ
ǻ֮ûüأô¶治֪ôֻܿԼӵġ
һˣĸлһ֡
лһÿմ˵ǴӺμҵ̳ġ
ܹ֮ȷ͸ӵľһģֻ̳ӵĴСϡ
лһְѿӷ£ĸ˰ֻ۾ĸŶ˶ӡ
ôƽѹԼżʡ
лһֿ˿ү̳ҶҪˣԷɣ֮
ɣүүԣ֮ƽЩˡ
ͬˣ
˼ֻÿͬˣʲôҲû˵ƽ֪лһҪǼҡ
ȻЩоԼλͬˣȴǸмġ
ûл⼸̳Ӿƣܹܲȥ˵ġ
лҵĺãƽˣ
ȸ˱ľƣүȴûжӵĴ㡣
ҡﻹأүӵͷ˵
￴һķˣĳԲȥüһڻûأžᡣ
л־һ㶣ôãʱԷ𣿡
лһ֣ԼϵôʵڻûиıӰ
лһֵվȻȥǱɣȥȡ
ãμүվ
ǵлһֵķݺл֦ʰꡣ
ߵʱлһָ˺ƽʮһӡ
һ̳ƵģжʮĵľǮ
־˫պãμү͸뿪
һǵԺſڣȺμ˶ţҪ뿪ʱл־һŵţϡ
ֵܣɱүôæ⡭ϵ۽Щƾš
л־һӣ̶ţϣϸ磬СӺСͬСǸҴֶӵģɱƣҪˣ
⡭ϵЩ֪˵ʲôˡ
лһʱҲһţϣδ󲮣°ɣֵͬܣ˵ĶԶˣԶأȥⱻǸǲţţ·ϸȣôɱţɱƴǣҪԺ󻹲֪Ҫôƽˣ
ãúӣ̫ˣϵĨ˼
л־ɣ·㣬̫ˣ
ƽţ֪лģҾϳģ˹ҲϽȥ̫䣡
ţѩҹʻȥ
ֱųˣл־̾Ϣһüһ˼ҡ
˭в׵ʱлҵҲİɡ
ԼСӳҪ
˲ˣҪȥĿܻ޳
л־Լܹ̫ˡ
֮һҲû˯
𣬼ܾһֱϲˣھ͵ˣһŲ裬
Ӻμҵ¶˵ţȻ˵ȥǵ¶
㣬ʲô뷨𣿡лһл֦䡣
л֦С˺죺ûУﶼأҸʲô
л֦ѾǸˣȴƤ
ȻлһûֱʹĻ£л֦ӵܵСʱͿģеľͲ ˡ
ûܳȥлһ̾΢ǿһЩ
֮ǰ˵Ǽң֦ļˣ
䣡
л֦ɫһӾͨͨģҪȥлһ־ס
лһ֣㣬¶أ϶ҪҾǱߵģҪ뷨͵˵
ôģл֦һ䣬ֱŤ˻ȥ΢һԼҵܵܡ
ԼĸͷˣǲСȻû
лһּûȥɿˣҰҵȻҪڳ֮ҸԼϲϲҵŮΪˣ֮飬㣬أ𲻺˼ҿźõģȴϲӣԺˣҲˣ
һЩǶȥǣȥǸҸõģ֦Ҳܼ޸Ŵ󻧵ģ
л־죬ӿһۣС˵еУҸʲô
л־һѣżĿԼӡ
һӶȥ˾ǣҪǰѹ޵ݾЩ
Ĳ˵϶Ǿſడοܻܵţ޹ȥ϶ٸɻ˭۸㣬ܸܵȥСӣ˵˵ĶԲ
лһЦ˵Ķһ룬ſ࣬ȴǼң
лһּҧŴܾӣһ˵Ĵ£ź￴źãҽԼźãϾ뱲Ӷǽ˹ģϲľ͸ңȥ鿴˵ƷɵĻͼޣɵĻܵ㼸Ҳ⣡
⺢ӡͱˡ
ߵٺãܺ;ǵı
Ǽҵģȳ˲һ
л־ǵ¶ܸӣǵ˸ѿ˵¶һ仰üúԼ˵𼱣Сӣ֦
뿪ڵֵֻһл־ڣҲ֪Լ˵е
ȥǻеСĻأ˵ҪѹŮ޸һ֪֪׵ˡ
л֦˺һſڣİҿ𣿡
лһĵͷȻ׽ֻһȻϣĺãҪ֪ףңǵҲ
л֦ûٲ廰ܵҲһ࣬Ĵ˴ŵҿˣϺӴԵҵĶӣ
㡭ݼˣҪſڽѵ
лһ֣ܺϱ 
л־ߣС˵ʲô컰
л־ϵϱ˵𼱣𼱹Ҫҿɺ岻ãģԲԣ
ݣðɣȵ ܺ˵Լ˵
̣
лһֿߣ㣬˵ΪʲôңΪõģܹ˵ͬ޹ȥԭ˵Ұ
ԵֻһӣҴ꣬Ѿˣ˵ǺżദĹϵԵҲϺӴĴˣ֮ǰҺȥѼ·Ǵ壬ﱻָָģȫǺܶ࣬˲۸ңԵϱʱﱻˣҳͻģǵһҲʶȫһֱûףǼһˣڼ׻ܰչ˼ķӣ͡Щˣ
˵꣬л֦Ť½ǽŵĵͷ
ǵһΣż˵˵ô໰


84 
һ֦˵ôĻ, һ˶𾪡
һǹԼʵ뷨°ɣÿ춼ŮҲ⡣
ǶǶ֮ǰ¶, û뵽Ůء
лһɫˡ
£˰
˵Щ¶ȻһҲ֪
ѹû˵⼸һֱƾˣҲûЩ¶˵
һлһ־ԼԽЩǷ
㣬𣿡лһЩε˵
л֦ҡҡͷû, ˼ҵǮȨưûйϵҾһͨСã˭Ǽĺһֵܷģ
ʶֲ࣬Ҳǿʶֺһ˵֣⻹ǵ̸ܵܽġ
л֦Ҳĵģĵˡ
лһ֣֪, , 㣡
л֦СˢľͺˣְԴȥ
˵֮žԼЩ̫, Ȼﻰ˵ˡ
ݺл־һۣҲ֪ԼŮ̫עˡ
ȻǾõҲž˵ĺǶӺ͹ﶼ˵, Ҳֻõȵȿˡ
갡ģ൱ʵ
ʵЩӦӲϾˡ
*
μҴ
󲿷˼ҶպΣƽҾһҡ
ðѩţĺμүѶж֮ȥţˡ
Ͼ͹ˣǲܰѽ˼ҵĶԼҹҪ˼һΪԼﲻˡ
ǧлĻ˼ҵţصҵʱ򣬾ͼһ˶Χֱ
һţүϵѩʰΧ𣬲˵ҪȥǮˣôҲǹ
үү⣬öóԵģ˵ǴͷĴӣʹû֮⺢Ӿͺ˵ô໰
үӻΪˣո̫ȥ˼ҵţڻǮûǰȥ Ҫͣ۾һɨɨϵĶǮĶסˡ
һӳԷƴĴϳԣôһأС˻
ԭΪǿտϣʱϸһǴлһʱлүţϵģʱͼظϣɫҲڣϾôأû⣬ûд򿪿
ڿˣҲѹּô쳣ˡ
ͼϵǴһֻǴʱǳ˵ġ
һһ裬ŵʢķ㣬Ա߽İŵлʱӰŵĳˣһûٵĶڴˡ
һһ󲼴ͷͱһС¨Ķӣǰİ
һмûгԹķʳˣʱ̫ãЩ벻ˡ
ү۾ɬ
ˣǺ˰
ˣ
۾үЩˡ
·ϣѩ۾ˣүʹ۾Լһ۾Ľڡ
ʱ˼ǳӡ
СлźԼƽͬ˼ҵǮҲǴģЩʳ˵ˣЩ˻ػعҲ¶
˼ûһľ͸ԼˣǸ˼ء
ԼڴȥǮʱܹЩٿһӵĶ
үӵĶµĻš
ƽҲ˽
˿ϰŵĶƽҲһ
ڿүүɬΧΧļ˵ڴõļҽü˲ûж
һֱûгԱ˵ǰҲΪֻǿţ۲Ŀš
飬ּһ㣡
үүǷ˼ҵǽҹóˣ˵أƽϵһĵ
үӿ˿Χڱϵļˣ̾Ϣһƽ˵ĶԣǶҪлҵĺãȥȣԷҲģ꣡
ϣ
үӵĻϾæˡ
ȲˣְͷڹСǼԺ
Ϊл־ǴĶֱʱԡ
ԽӣԽԽвƣ
ǽʱҲûаӣ˵ҲûаĽӣЩӣǵĿˮֱ
Էˣ
Էඣ
óԣ
㣡
μңһƬ֡
ƽŸոõİͷһӵĲˣԵرֵļˣٿԺһĶӣӼᶨ
нӡ
ԺһУã
*
һ
ºӴ壬һʷֲ
һ磬л־һҴŰõĽӺԲȥլ
лҲͽŴˡ
л־ƽһҲˡ
ϴϱŮȥˮȺԲÿ˸һ
߲ŸճţԺ⣬˹ˣ
л壬ˣ
Ͻ
ð
úúãһ԰
Թˣ
һȺСӿϵļ۾ֱֱĶš
Ҫԣ
ʲôԣոڼҳˣܺӣԼӾȻҪ˼ҵĶԣǸģЩˡ
лȴЦ׵ûԾһԣҼһʲôһԣҪǾͲһˣ
ʵڣ
һôţ
˶Է㣡
żҵļóǲ
ٺ٣óԣ
֮󻹸ųˮȣѴ˿ֱֺǡ
ԭεĺ׵ҲЦҲմŵϲ˰ɡ
û
Ϊ˴˰꣬ҳԷٶȾͼӿ˺ܶࡣ
ϸǰ׼õڵһԵϣôұ߳Աġ
л־ƽл־Ҳһ˵һʹл˺лһһȥˡ
ȳ֮󣬴һȥ峤ҡ
лһȻҲǸһ
ûбһֱˣлһﵽ棬Ǹͷŵһͬѧһֱͷ·ǴʱڵϼԪ𣿡
һֱͷ·һ̧СӣڶҺ˵ˣ
лһ֣Ϊʲôǲˣ
ǣûпţֻͯû㣡
лһЦˣϣϲͯٽſ£·һ߾ǣһΪأ
ģ㲻ûаǵԼȥǺ鰡һӾתˡ
Ȼˣʱ ڼô
أҵǸ˻ˣʱﻹиոյƣֻʣһĸˡ
лһʧЦ⺢ӿ˵
Լûأ˼ԼȽˡ
С˵Żл˸лһߺܰĸţһꡣ
ҲˣеСӣҪʵʲôлһ־ͱл־йȥˡ
ȻǸȺ棬ǴΨһȥǹӼţڴ߿Ƿǳܻӭġ
˸Ұ꣬ȻҪ˵ϼ仰ġ
ǰлһȻĺһ̸ͬѧЩþ
ΪϵˣԼ飬ֵüӺüɡ
ࡣ
ˣȹɡ
СˣҲˡ
ڴļһʹ峤תˣлһ־ûиŴ󲮺ϵǼתŰˡ
һŵݣΪͬǼҰˣлһҪȥкš
л֦л
ƽ˹ˣǼҲˡл֦С˵ţСҲЩ졣
лһȻ
Ǽң
Լҽӵ˼Ҳ˰ǵúúõĽӴӴ


85 
лһֻصҵʱ, ͼƽ˶վԺˡ
լģһôˣһѰлһֵ, ʶլţлүӾݽ˴ˡ
ֻǳŮ죬Щ˾ͶվԺˡ
Ժʰر׵һмвɫֲ滹һѩЩÿ
лһһصң໥кͰ뵽
ѱããлһЦŶһ
λ̨, Сӭ٣ԲԷһ룡
˷׷׵лſˣ
룡
̧ٱ衣
һ¶ǣ˶һϲ
ůͣ
ζ
л, ҶǴӾ𣿡
лһ֣, ﳴģ
ֵЩ𣿡
лһֿ˹ȥϵһͯ, ʵ˼ҲͲʮ꣬лһֵȷʵЩˡ
ô͵ˣҪ˵ǳ֪, ⻰ȴǸŵĲôϲ
Աߵĺƽø첲һˣλȴѹûᣬȻֱֱĶлһ֡
˼ԣҪҶ
ƽεĿ˿лһ֡
лһЦһ³֣
һƬ
ʱŲƮƮİˡ
ɵΣӶǸ˲ţС治찡
ϵȲ裡ҶʱûպûⲻͳһСǶСӵͬߵʱϲľͷɢĴŵ㣬У
һϲ᲻ᣡ
лӣǾ˵ģڼﳴҲô㣬ǲҶѳںƽһ˺ͻȻ
Цˣɲ𣿺ȲȲ
Ѳ֮ݾЦųȥˣ˻һлһ֣Ǹ˵ʾһ¡
˼ǣ˼Ҷ죬Сѧŵ㣡
лһֳԼЦЦ
˭ᰡԼҲʮˣܱǸҪļһȥ
ֻǣţ
㿴źþ͵㣿
ദĺã͸㶼ɣ֣ǣ
˵λֵȷʵܻ졣
Լ˵Ļλһ仰ͰλҶ˵ɫͨ죬Ҳ֪ԼĲ̫ãûټ˵ȥˡ
ֻλ˭
š
ļ䣬лһֲ֪ԭҵĺƽ˵Ҫлһְݸ꣬ļҳġ
ƽԼŵ˼ҵĶ͹ˣֹˣһǺƽɽҲ󲮼ҵĴ硣
ǸţͷҪͶġ
лһּҵЩ밡谡ǼѾˢɾˣ͵һľһ͹
ʱͬһҪлŵģЩҲˡ
ºӴϺӴĵҵСȫⲻһˡ
лһһˣںƽ˾ȫ
ȺЩۡ
˶Ҫ׳ʵ㣬ͷҲߵ㣬ϵЦҲرһЩͦ˵ģлһֶ࿴룬Ȼֺˡ
ȫ񱻹עˣͻȻýŰ
ȫһʮˡ
Ҳͬԭ Ҳǹԭ ĻⶼǷǳġ
һֱ뿪ÿ˵϶ǴЦݵġ
һлһҪ˶лˡ
ҪλСͬϵģȻһεûЧǹĴӣ϶ʵģΪлһڼﰡ
ʱҪϵҲ˰
лһҲûǵȥǺһߵģΪľҪȥӰꡣ
ڷϵСҶЩ뿪ʱ򣬲ûҪߵġ
ôһС˼
һ·ϣĵľֵ̳ˣлһҲʱشһ·߹ûۡ
ϣЩȻؼˣΪȥӰݹˡ
лһ־Լȥ˷Ӽҡ
лһڷӼҲûж˵һʱ򣬾͸뿪ˡ
ϵ֪ͬлӰϹʱлһֵӰҲûп
ڷ֪лһָʱһĲЩʧһͺˣԼЩͬ˵˲ء
·ϣ겻ʣүոΪʲôҼأ
ҪЩһۿ춼Ҫˡ
лһֵͬǻҵһɣ˵ˣһҲοҲҪһЩ飬Ҳ㽻
ˡ
˵ǰ꣬˵ǴǵȽ׼ȷ
ү˵˵һ֣˵ģǺȲתƻˡ
˸Ĵָүߣ
лһЦϳɣҪȥѼңڼŰɣȥĻҪ̫ˣҾ˾Ҳţ
֪ˣүˣݣ
лһÿСವһ⡣
غѩΪһ壬⾰ɫЩɪЩ͵лһֵͷһóƵļ׺ֽ˴ʱĸܡ
ÿһƪʫûԶھǵʦԼõҵأ
һصлһ־Լ
ѼĶϣȻĥīֽﷴĥţȻʫдֽϡ
ʫлһ־ûȱЩʲô
룬óһֽԺ֮ȥľɫù˳ٽʫһԡ
һٿ
Σлһֵ¶Ц⡣

үæ𣿡
⣬
лһִţ ôˣ
꣺ү˵мҪȾƵģæһȥ
лһ֣ļң
Ѳ꣬л־ʱѾˡ
үӺлŴ峤Ҳˣү˵ҶԼ࣡ոү˵ΣԾˣ
лһһ굽ˣ⵲ţл־Ҳš
лһֵ˵ͷھҪõ˹Ǵϰߡ
Ǽ˵ҲӦõġ
Լĺ׼οүүѹء
лһȴûϹȥǴȥҵæݡ
Ҫͣæľͽ㡣
лһߡ
һԼҶӣʲôҲû˵ľ͸ߡ
֮ݲСʣСӣôˣȱʲô𣿡
һôˣҪûĻҲпܵġ
лһҡҡͷָָԼǱôģ
һ¶һЦݣȫ⺢ӿɻˣҸ㰡ǱߵĶ͹ģߵʱ򣬾ҪǼҼŰײˣʲôҲҪǵģ
ݻЩΣϵЦȴġ
ɿ˰
лһ֣
ȻȫʲôҲû˵Ǿ̬ȣü˾ġ
лҲȱ˼ܹô˵л˰
ݵҪ˰ײ߿϶ô˼һ£Ļ˼ҿ϶Ը⣬ȫȴǱŰײЦرġ
ʱлһͬȥˣл־ۿŵģ˼ҿûа㲻ġ
лһЦЦ͵ͬˣһҪٿһǰҵѣã
ݣҪǸʲô
Ȼ⣬Ȼȥл־ϴķ׻·˳


86 
лһּҵ˺뿪ʱ, лǱлһͻȥġ
үӺȴˣ
һֱϵʱ򣬻ڲͣ˵źȡ
ϿСιͷѾ߾Ͱοүүˣ, ȥ˯ɣ
лһ֣̣˸ʲô¶˵үүˣٰԼţ
лүӻڲͣţһ֪϶Ǻȶˣֿʼ߶ˡ
Сӵļ򣺡үүʹˣͷһʶҪ˵˺͵û, ˵
лһЦЦûʲôģүүҲΪǸã̷ģȻȥˣ
ذɣ䣬ȥȵ㽪ůůͣ
, ֪, ϱˣ
У
صңһ˻
, ݶһһֱڹŵĽ
һ룬ůͼˡ
л־ͷ  ¶үү˾ٺ˵, ܲ׬ǮûᣬͺúУ
лһ֣ոտɲô˵ģܰͰﲻ𣿡
ϣҶ˲١
лүӾһֱ߶ϴҵģ󷿵⼸ûʲôҵףȻܹ˵򵥵ĻˣǺͨĺӻЩġ
ǳǸ
лүӵͷĶܰȥˣǿ϶ҲһЩģԾ˵ҪðŵĻ
л־ҲȾˣ˵¶ʱȴǷˡ
ǲӦھǵĴڸж͡
ȻֵرĺãʵأֻС֪ھʲôӡ
л־ȻǸɻھȴ۶ˡ
ǿֶӣ治ȥǡ
Сӵ׵أھﻹҪũׯ鶼岻ϣ
ǣ컹ڣŷϵͷˣȴˡ
ڱһ˵л־Щ
л֦˰ѱӵˮ˵㣺ܣүү׵ģкЩǼһɣүүȥģǸȥѼ𣿡
лһЦ㣬һܺүүȥ¶ҲùܣѼȻҪȥģ
һЦĲ
˿ʹˣϣСȥһ˵ġ
ǰ̫ʮ˲ŵңҪӲȥĻȥңܶˡ
СӴӦȥݸˡ
л־ôţݴ˴첲
ϱҡͷˣл־¶һЦȻˡ

л־ڴϡ
ող˵ʲôүӿ϶Ҫ¶ģ˵ඣҵСԺүӸʣǸ𣿡ôԶأ׵ʴ󷿵¶л־Դۡ
ݰһл־˵ԼͲҪٹܣû˵
л־Դ֧йϵ𣿡
ûס
ҡҡͷһˮ
ϱߴ٣л־Լӹ˱ӣϱ
أ
ݣΪʲô¶˵ǺͶ˵
л־ȻĵȻǾǶ£ҿûͣ
ǲˣ
л־˵Լ
ȻʵǱϱôԵ˵治ζ
ݽֵлôûôֹүӿû뷨
ô죿СҲˣһǧ˵¶û˵ɣ
û˵˵ʲôЩ㲻˵ʷ˰ŵ𣿡ݵ
л־ǰǺãҲ˶Ӧˣ
˵ͿžˣСĵ
л־һӾˡ
ү뷨ǿ϶еģҪûеĻͲܵô˵˵ˡ
Сô˵ˣҲ϶һЩ뷨ġ
ֻû˵Ϊĸɲˡİɣ
ôһ룬л־İͷˡ
үСߣϣܹ߸˵ġ
е¶ɣҲˡ
ˣ˯ɡ
컹øϳȥ˼أ˵ȥˣҲûʡ
׵ʲ˰ӵ¶Сʧ仹еġ
һ룬ڵһжǿġ
л־ֵˣ
ĽĽأզզΡ
ģǰȵĺã
л־ϱͺȥ˼ҡ
һŵĻֻ꣬˴ӾͺǷֿˡ
һĳ˵Ҫ죬л־ҲûʣΪҪҲ˵
ߵرΪϿʼƮѩԽƮԽӡ
·ϣ˼ݵˡ
ҡ
˴ѩҲǵסģοˣΪл־ԼۿѩԽԽĶҲ˺ܶ࣬ôѩˡ
ܱȥҪһġ
һʱ򣬿ǰͷ򸾸ֻˣ
ŴӴӾ˰ϵ൱
űˣ»Ķ̫̫С
ôѩʹһжϵĶ
ǼΧļھԺﶼġ
ܿ죬һǼҴŵġ
ҪĵȻλظСŵġ
ǲô˼лСȻǶ΢Цźү˵
˾Ҳˡ
ôûпϾˣԼʱѾ˽ˡ
󰡣
񣬶ʵ
ֵڶ˵
Ҫ֪ʹл־ȥ˾ǶӼ֮󣬿вҪҵЦˡ
ȥҲ˳ϧ˵ģһû
˿ûٰᣬڿҵǼ˺üҲ˿Ц뷨
ԹˣЩҲɡ
˵ʲôͬţһ˲ţѧ֮ˣ
⻰Ҳˡ
ԼȻǺ;˾׵ġ
ϵŶҲԼռһλԲ˵ֵġ
лһʱشûһ˿Ĳͷ
죬лһ֪ףͱʾϲ
С粻ͣļüŪ۵ģ֪ȢľȻ̫үֶŮý
лһ֣̫үý
ȻЩ⣬лһֵûж໰
˼Ҫˣ˵̫໰ǵ˲ˡ
˵˵ЦЦģѼԹظˡ
ѩţȻҪظϵġ
һӶ͵˴ڲͣ½Ų´ټ֪Ҫʲôʱ˰
һҪǶȥ˾ǣٻ
⻹˵ˣ
лظʱлһڰ·˵Ҫȥͬȥˡ
Ҳûж룬Ƕȥˣ·ߡ
лһȻӦˡ
ϵ߳Զˣлһֲתһȥ
*
ϺӴ  Եſ
ʱΧһȦˣָָͣġ
ԭǣҪؤܡ
մĶѩؤͿԭģǴһҲ
һȭǼһϾƵġ
ǸһţһﱻһߵԵҵĴϣײdang dang졣
Һ˼ҵ˨ʵҪܾײԵȥˡ
ȻһһĨѪں˦˦ٴγ˻
ãּһˣ
ûʲô¶ڣ֮Χ
Ҳţֿ͵ǲˡ
֨
ԵҵĴʱˡ


87 

һƤ, һů¯Ӵ˳
ŵľһȫ
ϣôأλףȱȲ谡, վſڶ䰡Ǳů¯죬ҲϺӴԵ

ոջΧΧڣһλˣһӾɢˡ
ȥԵȲ裿
Щû뷨ֻ￴ֵġ
û˻ӦԼҲûΣǼȫλСֵܵ¶ͽˣ
ǣλ, ģЪЪٴ£ȫӦ׳ʵӾͳŵؤ
˿˼ϵѩడѪģڴŵûעͳһλƫеĳʹȫˡ
ȫɤӾͺ໣ۣ, 
æܹλСֵ, ˣ, ʲô˵Բԣȫû°ɣϽģ
СҲϽܣڰѷѽؤ
ȫţô֪λ˰
ܴô, ˼ҲǸ첻ĵ
ˣ˵Ǻе
ֻ֪أΪʲôҪӳأ
ȫҲʳˡ
Ĵ𰸾͸ֱˣڽ̸㣬ʲô¶Ҫһȥȥµ׵ҲУ½Ҫӣ˰ɣ
ȫǵ˵ԴΪԭ򣬸ոհ£ֳˣˣ
ÿ˵ĶǺеģСô̳ġ
ȫûٿأǱߵؤֲˡ
ԵҵС˸ţ岻ȥҲˡ
ⲻ˵ûͣ
ҵͷңҪһδһΣ
ƨҵͷҸҪˣв𣿡
ҵģ
ҵģ
ѭ
ۿҪŤһˡ
̧̧Լů¯λҪҵů¯ֻҪǸҾͱ٣Ļҿ԰ǽͷ⣡
˵ؤҲӵĺðɣ㶼ô˵ˣȥĶǲɵ
ؤɲɵӡ
һ̧ѻȫؤˡ
ȫĿϵ
Ҳš
ؤҲһ±ơ
ɶ
ͷ飬ȥͶ
ȫСһࣺҲŵģͶСȥˣǴˣʶģ
죺죡ôһ굽ͷҲԲһɣڹʱ˼ͼôˣˣ
ȫô䰡׵ѩأ
죺·ߣˣ
ˣ
׵
ѵ˵Ĳ˵Ļ
Եʲô̼˰ɣ
ֹ˵ˣ˵˺üΡ
ͻȻ䣬һؤ󺰵
û꣬ȥľȥģҪԼĶ𣿣
ҵģҵģ
ҵģ
ҵġ
ˣֿʼˡ
쳯Χ˵ͷֳԼӵ˵㡣
ģڴߴˡ
ȫһ޿治ôԶ·ˣ컹
ˣϽŪˣԼôڼɡ
ͷ
ûҵģ
ҵģ
ۿؤҪȫظ֣
һͷ
һͷ
ؤͬʱ
ȫһָֺͷҲֻҪǵõһͷǰɣ
ؤɻһ£Ȼǵͷô˵Ҳû
ȫֵõԼһͷ뿪׼ǴܣŶҲȥºӴв
ؤȻͷ
ͷУг˵ģ˭ܰ
ȫ˵ؤķ򣺡ˣȥȡĸͷҪȺģ
ǣԵҵŷӦ
ܿ죬ͼС˴Ե첽˳
һ˶ðһ˶룬ÿðŰİͷһţһҲ֪ʲô
ߵȫߡ
ȫλֵܣôʲôϽģȿůůͣɿɿ
סؤ첲Сɿˡ
һɣؤһǵıٸסܶܲء
ȫƺûпƵģȰɣǻҪȥļ˼ȥͷأٵȥ׼ͷӲˣ˼һԼȣ鷳Բԣ
ǵģ㲻˶ɣһؤɵĵ
ȫ۾һɣֺһһԵЩ
λɲСһԼˣͲˡ
ȫҺҵÿ궼ЩͳԺȣǿԴܣ͵Ķ࣬ǲܻǵͬ㡭ֱ̫ˣ
ȫ̹ٴˣҪżλСֵܲһȥ˵꣬תߡ
ȫҲˡ
Ҳˡ
ȻˣԵҵСҲˣǶͷˡ
ؤ΢һ£Ȼƺ˾ģŸ˹ȥ
ԵҰ׵ĵطһƬéݣʱéݵǰվ˲ٵˡ
߽ˣſЩ˶ˡ
ؤϺӴéǰͼԭվſڵˣڿԵǵʱ򣬾ȻǶѿûмЦˡ
Եͷ
࣬ÿĸͷһ
ӵˣͣĵл
ȫҲڰæ
˵ʲôؤ۾ЩֱԼһֵˡ
˰ɣ
Щ˶ǼģûϣԵÿ¶ǵԺȣڵʱóԵģ
ɲǣôأԵҿǴˣ
ǾͲ֪˰ɣСǰӲãƺźõģԵҾһֱֵڣ
Ҳ˵ôһˣ
ʱҲſֵؤǰ
ȫݹͷһͷǴ֮ǰģһ͸ǹģѹѹԼˣҭ
ؤԶͷһЩ̵
ȫһּȥ˷ֶˡ
ͷȫֵЩéݵ
ŶոմĲɿؤ
ֻԼҸӻؼҵʱؤҲ˹
ǼﲻȱСˣȫĿǵСˡ
кܶڵǼҵĺ֮󣬶ϲǼҵСˡ
ҪǼĲȱ˰
û뵽һؤĨһ˵мҪС̸֪пշ񣿡
ȫ̸Ⱑʲô˵𣿡
ԣлˣؤͦ˵ӣתߡ
һؤҲת
ףϲ̫ܶˣҵ˼˵Ҽ˵£֣Ĳ
ؤģ
ȫͽԵļš
쿴ؤ·ӣüͷ壬ȻҲ˼ң뿴ؤʲô·


88 
лл֦ܵܣ
Եļ, ͻȻȫĺ
СǶһүƽʱǺעԼģһЦǺǡ
ôĶ, ſɨѩˣӵүټ
ʲôԭأ
ֹڲ²⣬ﱻĴԭزֱĸߵȫҲҪ֪
ʲôл֦ܵôҼˣԣôҲǣôͱ˴ܰȫ֪ԼǱĸˣر֪ģ˳۲ô죿
ȫͬ㶵ĻһֱΪʶԵ
˭뵽, ؤһëһôأ
үЩĿؤ
Ŷԣʱһŵֻʣһˣһվлһֵˡ
лһǹ˹үıֻպ͡
ȫǳˡ
ҽ㣬죿
ȫ, ЩŤĵ, ̫죬ʲô, ģ
Ť
лһ֣ôǲش𣿡
ȫæĿڣشرش, У
лһüͷֻ
ȫһҧһۣǻǣл֦ܵܡԣлŵʲôֱ˵𣿡
ӵȫлһֵĸоǣԼ⼸Ľȥ˵ļӸС
һһֱԼʹɫֻȫ̫ţȫûп
ԵվԼҵĳСԣǰûô˰
û˵أ˳
˰
Ҫ˵ģǰֻûһƲ鲻˵ĻǿԵġ
ֻǳСһˣģһǼˡ
лһֳ̧̧
죺ãԼ岻ˣ
аʮĶأҲǸŵǰҲЩ˵ġ
ŰǿǼ̫үùģأ
˺˲ܱȣҪĻģ
лһֵʵ뷨˵ĲǼĻԺǸڵĺãԹΪΣ
ǼҰ
ȫһ΢һ㶣Ȼ˾˷ˡ
ˢ
ȫվ
ŰոջŲӵڶͷʼðˡ
嵽лһֵǰл֦ܵԸҸ𣿡
˵أлһֵĿ
ģƺƽվŵȴֻ֪Ҫȫ˵һ䲻ʵĻԼү϶Ͼߡ
Խƽү¾Խ
ȫԴֱ㣺һʱ䣬ȥһһʱ˵˵
лһֵͷ
ЩŰȻĸԼᣬ⻹ܵ󣬱ϰ
ȫȾȥ
ܵſڵʱ򣬻㱻żˣײײ˳ȥ
лţȫ˵ġԵϳҪԼҶ˵û
лһһڣСӣԼģ
һĭ
λһСӣԵӲǲ˵ˡ
ȫȥʱ䲢ãʱҲȻŻġ
꣡
ĺһͷҪûţһŲûͣܵлһֵǰ
ңңҶѣдˣУвȫģ㣬л֦ϼܣңȫһҲûУȫѻ˵꣬˫һֽлһǰԹԵĵͷ
ǰѻ˵ˣˡ
ȫɲ˵⻰˵Լᱻȥ
룬ʮ룬ʮ롣
ણ
ȫͷĺ
лһȫĶ
ֽҲˡ
ܹϳǸҲǺлһֵһֵʱдġ
ӦǱá
длһһ䣺ʲôʱдģ
ȫȻ̧ͷÿлһīҲڿӣˣǿĿİĻشǣǸӣӼл֦һ֮󣬲ҲҺ˵ԣܰģͣдˣ
лһ֣ҽ֪𣿡
ȫҡҡͷȡ֮һЩСƺСĵûҺ˵ԺˣҲǴˣ
лһʣûӦúܴ˰ɣ
ҵЩˣҶûͬ⣬ҿҪʱЩ˶ңҺֹףЩһﶼȥл֦ɣĵļһЩ̣ҲҪҡ
˵ȫһ̧ͷлһֵһСʱһУǸҸո˵Ļл֦ܵܵû»شУ
ո˵Ȼŵ˸˰
˵л֦ĺãԹĲ̫˵
ϵ˵ˣӺҪӺӣôһֱǸʱ¶үǡ
лһΪүǣᡣ
лһĿһۣȻд˳ֵֽӵȫϡ
ž
ȫϽסΪֽͣϻӣСľ˾
ȫʲô˼
лһְֽӹȥ֮վ⻰͵Լ뷨Լȥͣ
лһ˵꣬ȥ
ȫɻˡ
˼
ĿлһֵıӰæȥԼϵ
ԴΪԼԴ㹻õġ
ںλл˵ʱܾԼƺ˺ܶƵġ
죺Ͻģϣϱȥݷлżң
ȫ㶵ľͱ׵Ƴ˿
ϰ
˳ϵ͸˳лһֵ󣬱ԼԺȥ
ֻǡ
ϣȫһԼԴ
˰
ŸԼЦĺһɵƵȫлһЩˡ
ҵܺһᣬǶԻǲأ
ܿ죬Եͱ񣬴ȫһ˽лһͻºӴ塣
һ·ϣȫɵǺǵš
лһֵûΪ
ȻͬүҪҵ
뷨ȫ˼
лһȻҲӲš
л־ȫֽдŵʮ֮󣬶Щжˡ
ʵʮģֻлһָ

檣
Ů뷨ʱ򣬱ݷ
ȫڿʱûκοǵľͬˡ
ͿŮ˺ðɣҪҲһֱڼˣŮͷۡ
ۣ
԰л֦ܵûκεԼ
Ҳʾȫû⣬ϱҲͬСб뷨
ܹлݣǳԵϵġ
ţлǲͬģû뵽Ȼôͬˡ
ؤʲôģŰ뷨࣡
Ȼ̶˳ýŹס
ֺǺǵүл־л֦뵽
˵ԼΪʲôͬʱлһЦЦ˵˳ƺǼҵʱô˵ģ
żҵİҲرӵģл־Цŵ
ʱ򣬴˵Ǽ߹Ҳ˵İ
лһֵȫϳҵĵһǣл֦ĵܵ 
л־л֦䣺
ȷʵͦģ


89 
һһš
, þ
ŹŮ糴ߵСݻһ仰
֦ﶼҪȥǵ, ʱһڼˡҪ۸ôأҪ
л֦߹ݵĸ첲ǲ۸ҵģǰǼôȫҲû۸ңοˣҵھǶ飬ǽӹȥǱ, û˸۸бµˣȫᣡ
ԹŮôűˣơ
л־ʲôʱȥ
лһֵ㶩׾ߣб¾ЩӣҺȻȥҲɡ
ǵûУǵص¶, ǴЩ˹ҪǼ, 㿴¶л־˵
֮¾Ѿᵽ, ʱлһ־Űģûжܡ
ʱͰѱҵŲˣڻһЩ, ˹
л־ŹҹУʵ̫ˣлһ֡
лһֿһ£ԼӦвٵذɣ
л֦Сһ죬ɬĵͷǲû˵𣿡
Եҿ϶вٵء
ڴ֮ǰҲżȫнӴڹ¶û˵
лһҡͷûᣬҽ㶩£׼Ǳ˵пյٺ˵ʱյǮҲ˵һЩҪռ˵˼ң
⣬е㲻ʰɣ׵ģǹҸҪǮ⡭˵ȥݵ
л־û˵ϵıҲ˼
С˾֮ǼҵĵôûйҹȥأлһͻȻʵ
ݣһҵҲ٣ͷģ˾ʱҺ˵ǼҾûÿڣ
ĻݵԽԽСˡ
Լ¶˼ˡ
л־ʱȴ֪Сӵ˼ˣԼ̸֮һ˵ģһǼԺҪؾͲðˣ
¾һǮԺҪҪٸ˻ȥҲǲÿڵġ
лһ֣ҹҲԶѣﲻѹҿƾٵģǹ飬óҲǷʲô
л־֪֪
ϺӴԵýס
һ˲䣬ºӴл־һٴγΪ⡣
˭Ҳû뵽л־ҵĹŮȻҪ޸ԵҵĶˡ
Ŀ൱ʵûһڷɢ
лҲһĲš
ǿԵҰż·ʱ˼ſҲ̤һġ
ھȻлҳ׼ң
ʵʵķˡ
ҽ¾Ͷˡ

ƽɽͺƽʮ̳˹ͬʱĻǰлҵ밡谡ġ
͵лһֵ̳ӵĿһ飬֮ǰкȹζһ
μҰºܵص
ҲûЪŰɣܹڽɼμҵҲûˡ
ƽЦŵʲôһӹûô˹ˣ
лһҲЦˡ
ȹǰڷӼҿʱ򣬺ƽڵЦȷʵ˺ܶࡣ
ʲôʱȥƽʡ
лһ֣죡£
ƽ꣺ԺҴͣҪרĵ飬Ǽҡ˵Ҫȥˣ𣿡
лһһ뻹ǡ
Լȥ˾ǣԺ˼ңƻûеطš
лһŵʱͻȻҵ
磬ˣϽȥ
죡
лһһ˳
ƽҲһĸ˳
ǰ棬֪лүڳʱˤӡ
⻹˵ãôˣһСľͻµġ
˿ˣͰͻլλǹŵġ
л־һûκͣٵģլȥ
ƽֵûٶͣ˼Ҽ¶ǵҲˣǸ˼ˡ
լ
л־ƽѾѴˡ
̫̫ϱŵȫɫףϻһԷţ̫̫Ӵˡ
һѾ޵ıˡ
壬ҵôл־ȴʵ
Ǵģƽʱͦº͡
л־ƽл־ڿѸһֱߵԺŵڣƤˣͦصģ̫үӵͷˣɵϸŵ㣡
У֪ˣӣǱҲŵĲᣬҪҲл־
ɣһ˿һŷӣһĶл־ƽŰ˳ȥ
ǰлһվڴǰүӲź
үӵɫ԰ף麹
ɼˤĲᡣ
л־ƽҪùǲӣɣСȥЪЪ
󲮣ͳɣлһּź
л־ɫӵվһСӣҪ˵
лһֲĶһ£˵
л־ҺﲻȥˣڼչүүһھǡúչԼ֪
òãҺɩڼչ˵ӣΪ˺ӣл־ƽæ
л־磬ҸոպͺˣСһȥһ꣬ǲܶ£һֱŵģȫΪڳ¶
л־ƽ㻹簡Ǿ͵ҵģ
ǵڵһжǿСӵѧġ
е鶼СȥҪ
л־ڲȥˣǾǵСӵѧҵġ
лһּ󲮺ϵԽ綯Խ󣬾͸Ͻүүָָ˵ɣ
һȾ죬үӺҩ֮󣬾ˡ
ֻͷǰˣһ쵽ɵġ
ʲôĵûʲôӰ죬лҲĲ١
ϣһ˶լ˵лһҪؾǵ¶
Ȼ˵Լ뷨ȻǸִԼ뷨š
ĲΪͷӵӲҪģʱڴϱЪϢŵүͻȻ˵
л־ϵ¶໹Һţ³ףҼ֦Ҳˣû˲ÿҺ֦˺þˣһֱûкͺ˵ⲻ¶ɣϵģһż˵ˣ
ϳ˳үӵıӡ
лүȴǵԼ뵽ǵͲ˵ʲôˣӭ¶ȷʵ٣֦һȷʵæڼҲãСӣүүڼɣ
лһһȻˡ
үүǵԼ뷨
ǹ˹һЦݣүүչԼӵȥҲѰһӪģϷˣԵӾǣ
лүο浣Ӳϱ뷨
·ˤΪʱ飬ʹûע⵽µʯӣѩûл꣬϶ǣһһⲻˤ˸ͷˡ
ʵлүһֱҲЩġ
ҪȥǵĻǺ£š
뷨ȥģǶȥ鷳
סڹӼȥɲ
ھķӺǧ˵¶л־ˣһӶû˵լҲ֪
ʹүӲ֪¶л־Ҳܶϵ뷨
л־Сӵӣоʷʦӿ϶ǳԲ˿ġ
ԣգѡүӵǰТ


90 
СӰ, ԺٸȥݱĨʰ
лһλؾֻŻȥ
ȻˣһŶһȥ, ۡ
л־͸Ϲæᶫл־ƽүƵİᶫżлһֵЩܡ
лһֵûʲôֲһȥǣأʲô¶õȥվŸң
֪İɣôˣʲô¶أл־˵һ, һɨֱŶȥˡ
Ī鰡һȥǣҲġ
үʹˣ²˴л־϶ܲ˼үˡ
ҲǶѹڴġ
ϱû˵, ֻÿο񶼴Թ, ֻܶˡ
ʮ, ºӴĴվ˺öס
Щ˶ǹлһȥǵġ
лһվһ࣬˻ӻӡ
ذ, ȥѧˣÿˣҾͻ
أСӡҲѹֲסԼ˳
ѾǴˣչԼдŸң

ž갡Ҳ᲻ѡ
ڶ˵ż黰ֻϣܹһ·ƽ
ŴԽԽԶԶվڴڵģģˣлһֲŰѳ
ᣬͷš
ү·еˣ
лһһЩٶȸʮȥǿ϶ˣȷʵ·ġ
ѹصĶǴţƥϺõȥ
ѧô졭𣿡ʵڲ뻳Լү
үÿҲʱ򣬺Ҷѧʱңеʱæˣϵģܹȥ
лһ֣ȥţ
ǣ겻֨ٵسǶȥ
һھ֣֮лһֺŹƷ뿪
лһֵĶһǷŽҩֲռˣȻмϣҪһӶˣҲ˵ȥ
𾪡
ԭΪүֻϲȥ·֮ŷ֣үĲ
ɫ̫ÿžԽԽ˰ɣүɫԽЩҶ˵ 
ɫ
лһ־Լȶ챻ĥˡ
ǰֻЩϵˣ˭뵽ÿ춼ڲ඼ĥƤˡ
۰
ǴСˣûоá
лһֲǰʮʱϰҪʼۣͽˣ治֪ôࡣ
߲ݵĸ·˾Ϳи˾Ҹĵطһ£˼··ϻ˴ǵ·Ӳıѹ졣
ʮ峿ǵĳŸһ򿪣ǣ첽˽
˳ţٴη
˻
ˣ лһֵһȲ˰ɣ
үлһֵĳЩˡ
лһ֣û£ȥʦﻻ·ȻϿȥӼ࣡
ǣ
Ϊɶȥлլ
ȻǾԶ
ʷڳ緹
ڵ֪Լѧ֮ͦ˵ģ֪ѧ֮ǰкˡ
ǣлһǱʱſӵĶһ¡
Ǳ˸˰Ǳˣ
ôең
лһﻹȥ˼ʦȥ߽Ųֵűߴкʦȥ·ʱ䲻ˣ壬üӣҺ·ϳԣ緹ûأʦһͣӹ๾졣
ǲԣʱĲˡ
үүһ𣿡Щû
ǫһٶȵͶʮӷϣĶŵϣСӣòǲŸմϼɣ
ģȷʵЩ
ЩԾҲϾȥˡ
лһֺ껻·ܳʱſڵѾˡ
ƥ۲еҲҸȥʰˡ
ҵүźˣүùȥˣ
лһҲãлˣߣ
꣺ˣүĸӣǡףôడã֪һ·ûгԺãء
һӣû˵ˡ
Ӻ㣡
лһҲʼԡ
㣡
ûгԹôİӣһһ
ϳ磬˵ĳš
ǶûгԹ˰
үȷʵͦģ꾹Ȼ
ɭôУ죡ﶼǰӣ˵ͷ۲ֱˡ
磺ϣݣ
һ˦ٵӼʻȥ
Ӽſڣ̫ࡣ
绹˼ӣлЦŵ
ǲǵлл㣿ЦЦ
ãүСĵ㣡
ذɣ첽ߣⲻҪ˰ɣ
ǣ
罫ֱӸϵſڣлһֺ걧Ŷͽ˹Ӽࡣ
ǸսȥӼĴž͹ˡ
ʰһʣµĸӵʱǳ˳顣
ܼҸĶʮӶ 
Ҫ֪ϳʱùĸأ
治һܳ԰
ЦЦѰ΢İ˰ֻʷˡ
ӼŹϵĴţлһֳһ
һ㰡
Ҫ΢һ㣬͵ñˡ
лһֿ˿Χвй䣬ʹһɫ˿ٳ౼ȥ
ʰлһǴҵȥϿˡ
ѧãҺġ
лһֽʱ򣬾ͼͣȥԭڽҵ
ҶЩĵĺԱߵţͿԼǰһˡ
Ҫͼǰ˾ȻŤͷԼһۡ
ҶĻʻȥˡ
ôŹһΪҲأҶû˵ǣѾҪȥʹ˵ԼҲģ˭뵽лһֹء
ˣˣлһСĵ
ҶЦǵȻ˵ !
лһֿɲǲʱˣ϶Ƿʲô˼ˡ
ôһ룬ҲͲôˡ
ҵ֮Ҳûжʱ˵
ΪҪȥµĽá
ЩǰûͨģҪѧ
ദ˸£ͷֿˣ˵鶼Щӵġ
лһ⼸챻ۺˣпȥܱ˵뷨ʰԼĶһһĸǰѧĽá
˵ؼҹһ꣬ô·ˣкüȥٳأ߲𣿡Ҷᳶһʡ
лһ΢飬ûᡣ
治лһϲ·ǲߵĻڲۡ
ôߣĦ΢һ㣬۵һЩ
ۣȻ۵ܽˡ
лһֲԼҶҲͿˡ
Сܹô·ʲôʱ֪·൱۵ġ
Ƚѧʮûͨѧѧжʮûͨġ
Ҳֻ˵һСǿͨˣҶ˲Լѧرá
ѧ˲аô˿ȥѧĲˣҶٵĶСڽϵһͬİۡ
Ҷüëôţ
ӶڲλǱҶӸˡ
лһˡ
һǹŵİ
ҲҶ˸ô˵ģЩͬ϶Ͳôƽһµˡ


91 
Ҷô, лһͻȻ֮䶼Щˡ
һǼҾðҲѹôš
ԼǰţԼֵ, ϶ôľ͹ȥ˵ġ
Ҳá
Լֵܣ
лһ˱飬ŽҪҶµĻʻ˶ȥ
¼֮дһҳֽ
ǵģһҪѧҪҪᡢҪĿĿ
Щ飬ԼѧҲԽ˵
ֻǣʵ̫ˡ
Ļ, Ѹߡ
ôֻһ취Ļֶ࣬͵Լѧϰ¡
ԣ¿֮󣬺ܶͬȥӼȥˡ
, 飡
лһֶԼǰ, Ȼһ鼮Լûеġ
Ҫ֪ںȫˣھȴֻһС, 鼮׼Ͼܿóడ
Ҷлһ־ߣص֮ŵҸһȫ, һѧ
鱧ҳлһֿԼûеЩ
ֻʱģοĿԺǻزȥˣԻҪһЩİɡ
õġ
Ҷ˰ߴĿ˵үү˵һȥ鷿ˣȱЩ𣿡
ȽҶҵ鷿飬ЩǿƾҪõģвμӿƾٵ˶ѧģѹ㲻ܵĻбҪ
лһҪЩҶЩˡ
лһ֣¹֪£֮ʱЩãҪУǱһдĹ̾ѧϰһˣοдֿ죬أ
Ҷüͷӵ̧ճȭڴһ£ȣֵ˵еУʱҾʹ
˵елһЦһµ
ҶٵͷϵЦԽԽֱԼҲ̲סŴȵĹЦ
ֵڽҶˣ
лһ֣ʲôЦģ
ҶŲЩǰͨŵʱлһֻƺ磬Ǻ棬ͺ͸Եˡ
һֵܵԸˣɪ
ҶٲûеɪãΪҪѧĿĿʵ̫࣬ǰӴĿڽʱǶϸһֱӹġ
ѹͲǲˣҲû˹ܣܿŵѵôĽ
ֻܿԼù
ȻˣһЩ˾ùҲףͱЩ
ǱߺŹģԼСȦҲǺԼƵͬЩǵˣҲǱӵġ
˴ֻǵĴк㲻رϤ
ЩЩסˡ
µĿĿԽԽ࣬һ쵽Ҳ
ǴʱЩҶˡ
ҶٻĿĿࡣ
˼һлһְ
лһÿȥѧϰʱ򣬶ҶһЩҲֻܸɿţȥš
лһȥ飬Ҷһԡһ
Ƶģ
ⱻĽҶٵֻˡ
ŸõĹӼģΪʲôҪлһСһأ
ʱ˰ˣǵõɪŽлһһȥ
ӺˣҶ˶Ҫúһѧϰ
үүҲϹлһֶЯ
𣬾ͳڵˡ
ᣬָۣ첲ľ嶼ġ
˵õôƴԼǮһףв
Ҫ볭Լͳɣֻҵã̫ܲϲˣ
Ҷ٣ˣҲһʶⱾˣ±ĸ
ҶٵźˣҪǿлһֲ˵ϣŲͬⳭġ
ʹܱȣⳭ̫ˡ
лһֵȷʵá
ΪмС걻˸չˡ
˵ĺ㣬˵Ǳ˸ˡ
⻹ʱлһȥС￴ŷ˶˲֪ġ
һˣһǮƹʹҶɹȥˣ˶ˡ
Ӷడ
ЩƾͶˣƹЩߵȥׯ
лһ֪ϸʷ˵ġ
Щǲ̫ʦһŵģΪ˱лһҺˣ˼ҰƬطҲˡ
ȥ˼Ҳ⳥ط˼ҵģˡ
лһʵҪȥģ˼ʮ⳥
⳥ӣʷˡ
ʱʷôлһ˵ģ˽˳̫͢ʦû˵ͱ˸˳ˣԣʱ˵ԴõĽ취
Ƿףʱлһֻϼңʷ˵Ǹˣǲ˶˽˵Ҷʷ
ҪΪôһСķݿڣҾͻᱻƵ˼ϡ
ǫͽʮ⳥
ҲԼûлסԼѧĵ̵Ĳˡ
͢ӦˣǾ˵͢Ҳ뷨ġ
ȥʷ˸̵ǮлһֶյԼҩֲռˡ
ǮԽԽã˭Ǯģ
ֻ¶һ̰лһֵʱѧϰ
мСûˣũׯԼģмСģĵѾлһԼˡ
Щ¶ʦҲܹĸסġ
ûٿ
ԼűȽϺá
ڱߵĶ϶ġ
һʱ䣬ʱһǺǣ
ԣлһֵʱˡ
Σݣ˺ҶȥʱһֱҶ鷿ƽʱѧУҲڿд֡
ȫͲԼһа
Ҷٿôƴлһ֣ʵڲ˼Լ͵ԾͶ˵һ䣺԰æ
Ȼлһ־Ĳˡ
ģô˻ûгꡣ
ҶٲֹһεԼܲջЩ
ͬʱ
мСƹͻƶˡ
Ĳᣡ
ǵ˾̫ʦĲ̹ܼҡ
˵Ҫʲôôôӣˣˣ
ӸտʼˣӰӶûˣǵ׻벻ɣ
밡Ȼ롣
ǲΪʲôʹǽӹ֮ôûأ
еĶǾǵģеİײ˵Ĳλһû𣬷ҲȫһģԼҲζ԰
ôﲻԣԼҲ˵ԣͰˡ
ΪףЩ˻ᱻᣬ̫ʦ˲Ųԭûû׬ǮЩƵĴ
̹ܼĲУʮ˲̸뷨Ūġ
ôæµĵ̣첻ͻ
ײ˲żǮһЩ൱˵ģ׬Ǯ϶൱򵥡
ò̹ܼû뵽ǣʹ֮һļ٣ۿɼûˡ
û˰
˵˲ˣ
ҲҲԭ򣬲ЩС˷ԼܴܲˮƯɣ
ЩһﶼǼǳԲǴĻɫôˣһڵĶûУӲ
ˣӲģһҲӲ
Ϊʵڲ֪Ҫ֪ĻͲóôͷ˵˺
̹ܼҲͷۡ
϶Щ˶ᣬŽǸӲԵƹߵģһƹĶѣûЩС˵գŸǮ
̹ܼһŵԼ˽Щ˵ѧˣҲߵġ
⵹ãͨգǰζֲˣ᲻У˶
̹ܼңȥ취ұҪ֪Щܹ˵ܣˮײ˵ģ
֪ܼңˮײ˵ܾ˲Σ
ƨȥ򣡡
ģİ
̹ܼһҲ
ԼѾʧʮˣڻû׬Ҫǻڰײ˲Σ
Ӷпӻɳ°
漦צǺĶֻˡ
뷨ӲУ


92 
ΪԼûпӵĲ̹ܼҹ, ¶ľͷŵ˲ԡ
˲Ҳ˲εһǲǣ
ɱӴˣǣȻ, ȥԷȻûкתĲ̹ܼ˰Сʰһ١
лһ֪¶ƹҵҶ˵ġ
лһ֮ЦЦϵĶ
үô죬Ѿ֪˲ˣСﵱʱв˿˲ˣҲңʱӦСĵģƹȷʵû⡣
лһ֣ũׯɵĻ˳𣿡
ƹ, үû˵ԼȻעԼĻƣжĵܺãҲͦ죬ֻ䣬ҿЩ˾ж, Ҳͦ
лһҲû, ģͣмСйӦ, ȻԼĵˣͣûŪЩ
пգҶ߳˵Ļ, ϶û˸˵ʲôĲٳˣԱߣһ۾ԴһҶˢľͰԴ̧
Ҷһд־Դ£һɾͷǳˡ
ֻҪд֣ҶΪ鶼ر˼顣
ҶԼӣҲ˵仰¶ôһԼܹɼİɡ
¾ǼҲа֪ҶٿҪЩ¶ˡ
лһֿһۣҶٻһֱգ۾Ӿڴߴˡ
ƹȻȥ¶ȺͶӽѲӣĳЩѰ˿϶ķǵ鷳
ãƹֻȥˡ
̫ʦ˻ʲô¶ܸɵó
ʹũׯһЩѾߴٹˣ̫ʦ˵ǲԼˣųҪˣӾǱǷƵģҶʷʹ˾̫ʦ˲ûĿŵĹ鷳ˡ
ﻹ˵ĵطΧ˾ũׯˣ⻹ر١
Щ˹Լʱ͸оҪ㣬ûҵȣ׵һ뿪Ͼүˡ
ֵǣлүƺϡ
ˣҶżҲûбҪ̫
ƹһ뿪лһ־Ҷٴȥ˺Ժ
ںԺҶүӲûڣѾݺ˲ˮǶ˹һ˺һ
պ裬ҶҶĴ˹
ҶЦŴк
лһ
ҶЦɣԼ񣬲Ѿź÷ˣһǸǰԷ
лһл
ΧˣҶ˾͵¶˵ɣǵ˵Уӿڣһ֣ɱ̻˲а
Ҷ浣ġ
лһ⺢ǰǶôص˰ڵãȻҲԼĶһˣǱ˰ɣ
ؼ˼Һӵ˻ԼĶӣҶЩۡ
лһ۾һҶһۡ
׶ӰɣΪʲôÿκһһҶǱģҶ²ۡ
ҶָԴһ£⺢Ӻ˵ʲôأﻹ˵ˣ
Ҷæˡ
¶ҪټȥĻ϶ֵñ䡣
ԼΪ
лһֵּĲˣſ˵¶
ҶžĸֱˣȫЩţٿԱһĶӣЩСơ
ͬĺӣһʹ󣬲Ϊʲôôأ
Ҷû˵лһֶһҶżˡ
ҶΪ¶ôȽϺã˵ҪǲҪĻҾԼˣ
Ҷεҡҡͷ֣һôģ
лһ˵¶˵󲻴˵СҲС
ԺлһֵũׯϳĲȫҶͳһֻĻҶţׯϵͲרˣղ˵̫ˡ
⺢ӷЩ˲ܣרүӵԺ˵¶˵϶ô򵥡
лһֵ߹صĽʿҲҪԵˣ
ô֪Ҷˢһ¾վҶרͨ߹صİ˲֪лһ־Ȼ˵ˣҶ˵ϡ
ҶԼ￴æԼ壺˵ģ
Ҷˣ֪Ҳ֪
Ҷ⵽ǲﰡһҲģ
лһȻһĵһ쳣ʮһյڱ߹أеӵ˶ܲµ
Ҷ˲֪ôţлһֵ⻰ɨһԱߵĶӡ
Ҷôˣë߹ϵ
ûµӵģʲôӴ
ֻԭ Ҷʡ
лһ֣ҶҵýʿǰΪԺҪҶҵƽ̫ʦǰʾã
ۣȲҶˡ
ҶҲŴͣ⡣
⻰˵Ҳֱ̫ˡ
ѵƲҪܷܵ
ѵҪʰһˣҪ
Ϊʲôź֮ǰ˵Ĳһأ
лһ֣Ҷ˿ΪһûҶʾã
Ҷˣֻǲ⣬ȫķӣҽھ֧߲̫ԣ
лһ֣û⣬İˣҵ⣡
Ҷˣ
лһֲɵΪλҶ˴Ĵָ
ǽĸˣʶ˵ҲǺͨ˲ͬġ
԰
˼˵صıȽඡ
лһֵ˼
ҪľصˣЩ˵֧֣̫ʦˣ̫ʦӻôֺ
ԼĶûôġ
ԣҶ΢Ŀһ¾͵ͷͬˡ
лһҲϵǩֻѺԺǾǺϵ˳ɱ֮⣬֣Ļٸ˷ȥ
дõһóܸܶдĺ
Ҷǳ˳飬֮ǰѾ֪ԼӦİ
ҪԼûӦĻǰױˣ
Ҷ˵ӦĿԺСҪʲôģҲڰлһֵׯЩȷʵǺѵõġ
ҲôũׯΧˣΪľҪһũׯϵĲˡ
Ҷˡлһ˷ֱǩԼ֣ȻǸԱһš
Э飬Ч
Ҷǩ֮󣬽һҴҵľ뿪ˡ
ҶƵܡ
¶Ҫɵĺðɣ
⵹ãˡ
ԺԼûϷˡ
ü飬д֣Ҷپѹ
ԷʱлһֵԷ󣬳һ飬ȥʲô
ȥ𣿡Ҷ۾
лһֵͷҪȥģ¶ǲܼϵġ
ҶֵʮȦ
ԣƽʱȦȦѣⲻлһֺɵľʹӦˡ
Ҷ٣ԣǸϽȥ飬ɱĥˣ
лһ֣ƽʱҲ֪˭ĥġ
˸·ĥѣлһֵѾһ
һ˦ɣĵĨҪ¶ͷȴɢ
ܵǰл
˼Ȧлһֻȥ֮˯һþ
һûע⵽ĵطʮһæµţƺڽԺӣû֪һصڱûˡ


93 
ʷ
лһִҶ֮, ʦ鷿
ǫıȽлһ־һֱʦ鷿￴顣
ʷ˾һ黹ڿѧ𣿡
лһ֣ҳԹˣʦȳ죡
ǫ죿²Ҫҩ, Сӣ˵ɣԷ¶
ǫùܼҰѷڵ鷿
лһְŻԭǫĶ档
ʷҲû̧һ£̧ÿӣԷ
˼һæĶĹҴ¶СһҲ֪ʺһ¡
ʷ˲ûҪ˸ߣ˶Ե㡣
ȻǰСӲԷ, ҲôԼһ˳Էǿ
ʦ̫Լ뷨лһֻðԼĺƤóĥһˡ
ʦҽׯӵ¶ҲˣԺҪרĵ顭
ȻлһְׯӺͽ¶˵, ֮ǩԼҲŵϡ
ʷˣⷹͻȻ֮ûôζ˰
鿴һ, ȻֵͷԷ, ׷ˣŷ¿˰Ѷߡ
лһ֣ʦϲԲ, ֻ׷ģ
ʷˣ˵أ
СӾͲ֪¶
лһһ֣ˡ
ʦҲЃ׵ʱ
̫ѵˣ
ʷ˵һۣлһûټʦҪĻ¶˵ˡ
ʷ˽ֿһŵһһ룬˵㽫ũׯԼˣ
лһֵȻĵǵģʷͽ¶⵱һתۣǽˣһһԼ飬ʦݴɻ⣿
ǫǳ⡣
û뵽лһֻô˵
ֻϵǷȴλεչʾţΪĽϣлһֵֺ滹һ֣
ôģʷûз
лһüë˶죺֮ǵʱֻǵûаģũׯ˶ҡ
ʦûгĴ㣬лһּǸҵ𣿡
ǫǣ׵ܣ
лһ֣ʵڣ
ȻʦôʵˣлһֽĻȻˡ
ȡһ
Ĵаָ͵һƵʷ˵ǰʦҪˣŸӣһɣǮǰˣ
ȿȣһô˵أʷڵˡ
ǰôûзСӾȻǸأ
͸ĵȻҪԼ
Դתĵǲ
лһ̾һǲ֪ۣʱүүˤһӣҴ󲮼ҵø岻ãĽ㻹Ҫף
ʷüͷЩʲôϵ
лһֺ̹ȻԺҪǮĵطɻأǰŵҵף
ʷˣ
Ź֣
ʷ˲СӼ˵˵ˣֱӵԼţЩҪܹԼˣȻٲģ
лһϵǾԼˣģʦȥȥҲµĶԲԣ
ʷЦһ䣺ò飬СӣⶫҲң
ǫѶƻصлһֵǰ
ϾǺӰһԼǮɫôѿˣʷӲԸԺׯӵģǴ˳棬һ
лһͷһݡ
ʷ˵Ļл
ܾԼҪӴʲôˡ
ֻǣԴһʷȴû˵ȥĴˡ
лһ֣֪ԭ𣿡
ʷһЦܣΪҪԺµķоݣģ壬һ㣬ã㻹񣿡
лһ֣ë߰
ԼʵĲ˼ðɣʦǹԼȦء
˵ʷվ
ĻڣûˣȥЪϢɣ컹ҪȥӼ࣬ʱĿҵнʫߣذɣʷ˵꣬ž뿪鷿
лһָ˳鷿ſھͱܼҸסˣǸĿȻʷˡ
ͻȻ֮ЩۣʦĻЩ
ҵһ£
ʲôģлһ־͵ûˣڵԼǺˣôŰɣ
Ϊһӣ۰
лһƵ뿪ʷѾǣˡ
лһֳ ӭ˹
үڳˣϲõĵ
ôˣ겻ϲɫˣлһֻ֪ġ
곯Ա߿˿Ȼʹҡͷ˹
һĶл˵ļһӹȻлլ
лһϴˢ֮󣬷Ҫ˯£ͱܿţˡ
лһ֣˵
үжҪүõģܸ˿

Ŵ򿪣лһõĿꡣ
ʦʲôʱĶ
ҪǵĻ֪ҹΪʲôôڵģ
ܿһȦȻлһ־ͽӣתͽŹϡ
ҳһֽĺܵС˫ʵлһֵǰ
лһһãȻӹ˿澹ȻʮƱ
ѹֲסЦ⣬СĵүתЩӦõģæôã׬ĶһɵģүԺٸɻȥæ۵ĻŰ
лһ̧ͷʵʦģ
ȣǹܼתģһֲı뿪ģ˵ү˼˵㲻Ҫ룬ҪԼľУү˵Ĳ𣿡
үֱĶǺڶӿЩ¡

лһͻȻ֮Ц
ʦԼ
ӦòǣӦǵԼģԲʲôҲûԼ˵ľ뿪ˡ
ǰ¶꣬λʦǿ
ԼҪ˵ĻҲϵˣʷ򣬲С
걻ͻȻ֮ĴЦסˡ
үʲô̼
Լո˵Ļȷʵתİû˵ʲôү˵Ļ
ʱлһִЦһȥũׯȻȥӼ࣡
ǣ֪ˣү
ȥЪϢɣ
뿪
֮һүʱͦصģӦû¡
ЩƱ겢ûзϡ
ũׯĶĺãǰʱ֪ܹôƱһҲϡ档
ΪʲôύתˣԼүΨһͯԼܸ˭
뷨
ɵĻظڵСȥϢˣлһȴǿЩƱЦЦ
ϳɾһҲ
ԼӦõģлһû˿սԼҩֲռ
΢صĶǷŽȥˣûκһطܹԼҩֲռ׵ĵطˡ
ϣҪ˯죬ȡһƱ
ȶСĿ꣬һһŵġ
ũׯĶҲбҪһˣ˼ҲԼæܲܰǮɣҲҪпܵԾС


94 
, һлһ˯һȾ
ڶһ磬ʹȥũׯ
·ûм, ũׯʱȴѾȻæˡ
лһֹˣũׯ˶Цرġ
лһҲܿġ
ЩӻٵԸȴˬʵĽлһ־ϲ˴򽻵
תһȦȻڴ򾮴żˮͷлһҲͰ
ÿүἸͰҲΪүźԵģû˶˵ʲô
лһͰ, ԼҪ¶ˣȻö
ҪҩֲռˮൽˮˮĻûж˼
ֻǣΪҪũׯĲ˼֣ȱˮ
һȦתˣۿɫҲԽԽ, лһæ˹Ӽࡣ
µĿγȻڽš
ʱ, ѧе̫ѧǶоѹ
֮ǰѧһεĻǺõģϾڶѧ, ˻
ǿ¹ģҶ١
лһҲоʱ̫˵һֱŲߴŵ˵Ҷˡ
峿, ҶٿһУϡ
Ѿϰˣ紵򶼲ĵḶ́˺ܴĽϡ
ⱳ飬ôһٱʾĺࡣ
Ȧܲ𣿡ȻѾˣϵ
Уϵĸ˵ãÿ˵ĶͷðŰ
ˣȵġ
һ˵һɰð
лһִ꣬ӹ鱾תͷټߡ
߾߰ɣǹؼﻹҶٵ½öٲôˡ
һٶٵǰߣĥżֵܣҺ˵أ
ˣǣܣлһͷҲûصļߡ
Ҷ٣֪ȻҪһԣһɹأ
ԣû⡣
ټ¸һطҶٰ̾Ŀ鱾ģ·ⱾгƵġ
лһεҡҡͷҲҶĳȻϲȴΪ˵ļֶһֱš
еʱлһţԼҶ᲻ܹļ֣
ûд𰸣Ϊû
ֻǣҶһƵӣлһȻûסĿ˿ڡ
֪ϵСʲô𣿡
أأҶһϾ˾
ֻҪǲ飬ǿϰҲͦ˼ġ
лһָָԱߵ٣ʱ䣬ûҶðвٵĹС
ҶҲˣر档
лһּڴʱῪССů֮ɫҶðĻڣǲͦر𣿣
Ļڣһ𣿡Ҷٻ治ֻ֪һΣʱҲû⡣
лһ֣ٻһ㴺쿪󲿷ֶ֪ڶҪӺһЩͨĩǸʱľɫ
һ£ʱҶ£ȴǻּ֣йģΪ񣿡
ҶҪͷȻ̾ϢһԼոյλã飬ж
ȫûиոյ״
ʲô취أ˵һģֻҪһĽж磬û˵ӮһΡ
Ǳɣܿ˻ܱ
лһһЦҲԼ
ڲԶУϣм˶һĽĿߡ
ҲҪҸĵطģֻǣ̫⡣
۾ˣձ˰ɣǱʵĶһֱƮһҲǣ˵˲ˣ
ɣж´ܲҸõĵط֪ڻǽйʲô
֮ǰʱ˵ɣжĻû˵ͱˡ
Լɣ
ߣ
ԭתۼ˼ֻʣŲԭ
үǣɣЩԼү
ɣжۣ֮ǰͺ˵ˣЩһԼᱳң
ɣͷǣүԺԼˡ
Щһ㶼ãүǮʱְܵģˣҲûУȷʵˡ
ɣж
Ϊ˴⼸ͬ⼸һѹûʲô˼
˵ٵʱȥҶ٣˵Լ֪͸ˡ
ڿлһԱߣԼġ
һлһʲôµģ
ƵĿ˿Ǳ߻ˣɣжɣתͷҲˡ
ðɣʵҲ¡
ϴαʰӰڻûȫɢأ
أ︴ա
Ӽ඼һɴⰻȻ
صǸˣлһҲյ˼飬ϵ˵ţͬѧִдģ˵ǼһаãүүҲѾµ߶ˣμҽĶҲܼʱҪģúñԼ
лһֵͽԼдһҳÿʱдҵ֮лһֶдһ飬ȻʱĲȥǿżرС
ÿҲиУ֮ʱԴ飬һֱڵţԼȻǲ͵
ͬʱ䣬лһٴεУϡ
ܲ顣
ٻʢ϶Ż䡣
лһֶټ£Ŀ顣
Ҷһǰͱ뿪˾ǣ˵ǽҪȥһлһֶ
տʼʱЩϰߣ˼죬Ҳϰְ
ٱеʱ򣬲һʱʱļˡ
ֻǣлһֵĶٿܻεĻڡ
ٻ䣬û
ĩٻٴοţҶȻûпϡ
Ϊ˵ҶҶȥ˱߹أʲôʱû֪
ڹӼҶӰҲȥˡ
д°ɡ
лһ־İοԼģֻʲôҲﲻϣԲûк
뷨лһѧϰʱ򣬸ŬҲƴˡ
ƴĽǣÿµлһֶǵһ
ĩҶȻûл
лһʱũׯæһ󣬾ȥ˷ˡ
˽֮󣬴Ҷɹ˷лһһؿ֦
лүˣ˵ټܲ˵꣬λ˷ͳš
ټܣ
лһһ£ȻͰѿ֦ǰϸĿ˿ŷڿ֦и״СС
лһһСһӱȥˣȻ󣬿֦һͷȻһء
ž
ſ֦һͷһֽҲ˳
ֽлһֿٵչ
ֻСҳֽֽ϶̶̵Ĳʮ֡
ֵܣ棬ֹѪҩ𱻲Ϲҧţ磡
ˣ
лһֽŵıҲһ£û֣Ȼػصķ飬Ȼû֡
һòţˣ
ҶǱϹˣԲԼ취Ｏҩ
Ϲ̫ʦ
ȣ
лһ־ԼıҶٸ̻ˣȻһӾ͸Ϻˡ
ƺʵǷǳʺϡ
һ£лһֽ
˷һųȥ
ũׯֿɵæµţлһֲųũׯȴЩеʷȥ


95 
ʷ鷿ʦš
ܰ
˺һ, ʷ˲ȿˣΣգ̫ʦܹҶ·ţ㻹ȷԼȥ𣿡
лһ֣ʦ, һΣܴδζôԴͷһ˵ұȥһ˲УæռһЩҩӣԽԽã
֪ˣһְһС, Ҫçײ£ǫ
ϸ£߹ص͹ȥˣҩȴǱˡ
ԭǲϸ
ҶֵǸүһʱɹҩĸı߹أֻǵ㶫ڱ߹ؼʮǰѹãһĴ߱͹
õĻظֻһ䣺
ȳＯϸҩĺ͹ȥ, ˵⻰ǲ̫ʦ, ͵õ˺ܶ˵֧֡
ȻˣЩ˱ǲ̫ʦˡ
ȻǶ֪µ˾̫ʦ, ֻǿû֤ݡ
Ϊû֤ݣҲûٴ͡
˲ã˲ɣ
Ϊ, ɺ̫ʦɵ첱Ӵֵģмλ
ǫҲһпڼ
лһ͹ĽҲûмԼʦܹڼϵʱһܹʦĻʵ֮ٵġ
ʲôʱȥ֪лһȷҪȥǫһ䡣
лһֵԽԽãպϣкʵľһ磬֮ǰҪǱߵΧкֲĵط𣿡
ȻˣҪȥһЩطռһЩҩģﱻ̫ʦ˸ţܲܶŰɣ
ǫ͵ͷ漴һ⡣
ҪҩĵḮ࣬Ҳҩļӵأȥ֮԰ŸصʹǰҪ취ʹǫĶ
лһֽ˫ӹѧǵˣ
ʦ˼ ȻǶ֪Ḯҩļӵأô̫ʦ˿϶Ҳв
ǫǹ٣ҲֱӺͶԷӲӲ취ģҲǸԼѧһɡ
ȻҪ£鷳Ҳ϶Ҫеġ
лһֵڶȥ˹Ӽ࣬ͱƸ֪ʵʱٻϿˡ
ǫԸģٵʲôʱ򣬾¾Ҳ֪Ծֻܿѧʲôʱˡ
лһֵл֮󣬾ͺһԼĶʰ˳ǰǲˣȻҪŵġ
һʰŷ֣Ӽһʱ䣬ԼĶѾôˣ飬Ȼװ˴¨
ôණϿ϶ǲ㣬ȥһߵġ
ȥлլֽԼĶҲʰһЩлլҲڣڵ֪лһҪʱ򣬻мҪһ͡
лһȻͬ⣬ĿСҪٴЩˣػ˵עˡ
ȥʦеʱûмˣΪʷȥϳûл
лһָʦ̳ƣ뿪˾ǡ
һĶĸ·
Ƚ֮ǰûǸϣǲˡ
ȵĵطḮ
ʦ˵ҩļأһ븮ǣڿһرζ
ҩζ
һҿջס£죬лһֶڿջ￴飬ҪôǺ굽ȥһЩСԣ˲٣ЩȻҪȥ˳ˡ
Щͷԣҩĵ
һ뷨Ļڰһֱһһļˡ
ޣʲôʲôϽģ˵ĲǳԾǹȦҪôڿջ￴飬ɶ
ǰˣ
˭˵ǰʹḮǾûú˯һ
Խ˵ԽԽԽʰһһ١
⼸˶Ǳҵġ
Ҫ˵ֻ˶˵ֱҪ̫򵥣ǹؼлһһ￴Ͳ¶̫ࡣ
һʱ򣬾һ˶ţأȻˡ
лһֺȥԶʱͻȻ֮ͷֿˣȻǸ˾һҪ˭ʱ˶ûš
ڶ˹ңܿ˰ɣ˭뵽˷ֿˣһǳȺĵطȥȻ󣬽Ȼһģˣ
ԣˣ˶ˡ
Ϊ춼ѵˣ˶ûЪãۿɫҪˣҪȥ
Ҳ֪ʲôëڵʱ˾ͲȥԷһеġ
˵еġ
ǽӵϢҩĵģ˼ҳ˵һȥҩгתһȦȻžű뿪ˣ죬ѹûҪǱȥĴ㡣
ⲻлһֺͷճ˿ջţ͸β͡
ƺʲôҲ֪ȥСԵĽ棬ζΣ˼Ϻõĵġ
˸ҪҸطҲЩͼлһߡ
ãԲˣѸٵϡ
ˤ
ʰһ٣̫ϵˣ
ǵϣڶһ硣
Ḯĸһ˾ͼˡ
ˣ
ëɣװһȦˡ
лһֻºӴ壬˵ٻæˡ
ֻл֪лһֻбҪæ
һԺлһֽżʰ顣
ĻҪרҩĵģлл־۵ĺüû˯á
ΪСʰǼճߵĵأ⺢˵ܲ׬㣬Ҫˣ۹ۣȴûٵлһʰء
 лһ־һµʱѾɹСɫ
ڽˮڽĲˣ
СӣСӣ㣡
һлһ߲ŸվͿԶлܹˣ˵Ǿ
ˣ
ûͣٵģϵŵĻƣԼǴɿĻ˼ҡ
˺һλ͵ˣʷǫЩˡ
˴Ķȴǲ١
ʦôˣۻ˰ɣ쵽ЪЪлһֶʷͻȻԼĲС
ҵ˯һϷˣǫһ·ȷʵۻˡ
лһȥԼ
ʱѾˮˣлһ̺ʦϴһֺһˮˡ
·ߣּŸϹǫԼϹͷҪˡ
лһſţһʦҪ˵ĻҲиӦš
ЩʦΪʲôûиأ
ǵʦЪʰɡ
Ժʷ˹ѾĶжˡ
ⲻж֪һжĲС
һĶȫҩӡ
һһӵĶԺлһִ֮󣬿ľͶҩӡ
ܶ࣬дİҩ֡
һʦдģ
лһֺܸж
ʱֻ˵ҪʦæһЩҩӣû뵽ô࣬רԼд֡
ٴϵãлһֿվԱߵİˡ
һ·鷳λСչʦˣԱ߿еķʰҲͦɾλĻЪЪţǸǼұʰлүסģֻүһֱϹԾͿˡ
һλȴǹЦֵܲúǿܹҲǸòײģ
ɲ𣿡һλҲЦŵ
лһɻĿ˼ۣ
ԺȻûչ氡İĺܡ
ҽ½½֪ҵ
ҽаѧҵ
˵ˣлһһӾˡ


96 
ʦ˵λѵĶӱ־ȥ, ֻû뵽һμ澹Ȼʱ
Цʩ񣺡½磬״磡
½ֵܱЩҸȫĵط, ˻ţԲЩٸ̣ˣ
Ŷ½Ͱߵӣѵб顣
Ҳ֪²ʺ˵ȥʦԼ˯ˣЩͲʺٰȥ룬лһ־Ͱӷŵ˵ؽ
ЩڶʱѲõģڻš
һܿͽҩӶ˽ȥǺ, ˸ӣ½һ
ֵܣˮϴ½Ĩһ
Ҳͷһ·Ҳһ·, Ѷŵؽﻹеƣˡ
֪Լ˯, һֱҩµ֮ǰǶǲ˯Ⱦ, ϴѡ
лһ֣ˮߣЩˮã
Լߣתͷֵȥҵ, ׼Щˣ

ȡ¡ҡȥɣܵĺܿģˮС㲻ܸɻүү˵ģҡ𣡡ӦһҪߣոһæлͻȻżĵ
ڼүүֹһε˵˶࣬СӸɻлһҪݣϾͽүƽʱĿͷ˵˳
ֻǿлһֿлЩżˣСҪǲͬôأ
ЩŵĴţԽžԽ֪˵ʲô
лһЦЦ磬ҲУ·㣬˻үүʹ󲮶ԷҲһ
ãлӦ꣬Цžȥˡ
ܰ˸ɻˣ
һ˻ָķǳ죬Ѿͨĺûж𣬾һżʱ˵϶ġ
л˸˵ĲС
ܹͨɼҲˣǱʲôǿ
л־ƽϸǶԶͷĸж£Ȼ֪ΪʲôҶӸͨҩԼӻָʲôϵ
ܺа
л־ӻʱѾˮպã½Ѿϴ
½ǱҪֱˮģлһֵȻͬ⣬ôˮҪǼžͲˡ
лһֽ½˷ֱһ£˾л־񣬻һ
˼ҿǹټ˶ȻԼ
л־Ǽ˵ģæסˣ⣬ȱʲôͺ˵
ãһģ½Цŵ
л־ֵүүȥˣȻʰʰ֪СӵʦҲˣлԽˡ
һ˵ʷҲˣүʰ¶ϻؼһȥˡ
ǿСӵʦ˰
ǰ˸ʱϴл֦ȥ˴ͷ
̫̫ıȽ϶֦࣬Ҫˣɵöע⡣
Ȼ˼ǱСӹģǶүǣŮҪǾôȥ˺˵ԾȥﻻѣȻٴϺŮһȥ˼˾˵ʲôˡ
һû¶϶ൢ󹦷ȥһ¶
ϵĻлһֲɵЦ
һϣһһҲ١
͵лһ֣յ࣬ůͣٶռˣүү̺ʹ󲮶ǼҳԷ
ɣæȥ׼ˡ
ʱﲻȱˣֻͨİײ˰֮ܲıȽ϶ࡣ
˹ֻͣܲЩ˰
ڣһл־ƽү˲ٵļôһٴһ£ɫͦḻġ
ʰʱүӺͰҲˣͬʱĻϺл֦Ҳæˡ
˶࣬ʰҲ䡣
ǫлһֵүүţҲĵĺܲ
֪Ѿʰˣ׼ֵľҩʱʷ˵ɫǰδе
Ͼ붬ˣȷЩ֮ףô䣬ײ˶ˣҩܳ
½͵ҪԹȥǸܶһܰ·ϡ
ǫصĿһ½Ļȿȣ˵Щеûģһ֣ӻ򣬿ȴҲ˷ѣ
½ֹʱ򽻴ĲŻлˡ
ҪǱлү֪һ·кö˶£ĻŵˣǵҸٺֵ˵ɡ
˵ģֵܵĵӿǴĺܡ
лһֱ½ЩԼȻЩӣԼڿӵİɣ
½ЦЦû˵ȥ
лһֲ͵ʦҴȥСܸ֮˵Ķһ
ŶھȥǫϾվ
лһֵҲվ
лҲվ϶ҪȥǼﻹܹλʷ˸˵
ľȻлһֵķ䡣
ʷ˸ովϢһûзʲô쳣ĵط
л־Ҳһ£ϱÿ춼ӣֵӴ
ڲʱлһֽ˴ԼԱͣ
ϵ鲻٣ڷŵĺ룬ϻһЩд˺ֵֽܶģû˰
أʷʡ
лһָָܵ߾ǣ
л־ˣС̵ģǾʹ̺֮󣬲ûյĶȹ
˳лһָķȥͼܵԱȷʵиС
½ⲻףǡ
ڸǵ½ûмģȥ˾Ǹûˣ˵
ͬһİ͸ûмˡ
˶ſţΪʲôҪǿ
ǫСϵһϯ
֮ڿ¶˾ȵĶ
ҩģ
ɫҩģ
һһ׵ɫҩģ
лһְѲϯӹһԣЦŵҰ֮ǰҩǰ߷ѿ
⡭ѿֳ𣿡ʷһӾʵ˵ϡ
һɪĵḮʱʹˣ⼸ҩľ˵ѩǰ£ֻҪܷѿ϶ıͨҩĻҪã
ү˶Ƕ²ҩأΪ˵õϢ ˾һֱȦˡ
Ǹʱͳɪ
ʷһҲ뿴ɪ˦һȥӲ֨ˡ
лһԼʦǼˣҲٶȦӾ͵ҩĵϰȷʵô˵ģõæ⿻ǰ˴æһʼǴߵһ붼϶ˣ
Ȼ϶ˣҲû˷ѣҩֲռȻǴߴٷѿ ֻ⻰˵
ǫ˶ˡ
õϢ
лүӵЦŵүӣǿɵúúú
ɡɰлҲ˵
ʷ˵Ҫ
ȣ
֪лһѾ׼ǫûмġ
ˣЩҩӴѿлҲ֪ѧصĺʵ
ѧԺʲô
ģȫģ
ãֳ
ʷ鼫ãлүӼ˵ʱҲ˼Цݡ
½ˮлһСĵ佱㵨ˣ㻹аʲô¶ҲҸɣһ
һҲ϶ԼıӣңҲ
лһ֣˭˵ģԼ֪
ҲӰ˲豭üŪ۵ļһ
ǫȻЪϢлһֵ
½Ǻлһּڲ෿պһϡ


97 
Ĺ̵, лһҲ֪˹̡
ʷ״ȥḮð칺ҩģͻ·ϱˣ, ׺ʹȥ˶Ĳʡµӵʷǰ
ͲǼ򵥵ˣƣ
ʷ˵ͽ˹ٳʱ򣬾ǵ˾͵õһϢʷղ
ӣǵ˶ˡ
ЩҲʱʵ˲١
ǸҴʷˣҲҸӻȥûбץ֤ݵķϡ
ҪǱʷҵ֤ݣֻһɣ
ĺܲҵ֡
ôһ, ǫʹ˳˾ǣһվȥḮ
ЩҩӲɹ֮ʷ˲ľ͸һһȦ
İ
ȻˣǫԼû֮Ͼ͹ˣڼһȦ֮Żġ
ǵʱлһõķӼͬˡ
ɻʵһ, ֻ˱ʦ
Ҳ̫, Ҫ˲Ҫ֣ʦǺΣյġ
½˵, ϶ֻ˰һ˻תȦҪЩβʹһ°ɡ
Ҫпܾ͸ˡ
лһŷġ
ʦĺܵ
Խ, Խࡣ
½Ǽֱһ밡
򿪾Ͳͣ֡
Ϊʵ̫˵ˣһͣûͣģȻ˵˴ҹ
ȻлһҲ˹ĵϢƤ̫ܵĥˡ
ӴԺлһ־һܾٺһպһϢĥԼ
Ȼڶ𴲵ʱлһֵ۾ɬء
緹ʷ˾ͺлһһӡ
ǫ˵Ҫ½ʱлһ־ͲˣҪڴ
𣿸㵱˹鷳ĻǳҲܱ㣬Ȼ̫ʷΪʵģǱϣҲܸЩҪ鷳ѣ¶Ҳõ
лһȴΪ
Ϊֻ˵Ļɣʦ밡Ӿôİ˿λҪǴЩ˻ֻǻɵڿλʱҲȷˣλεĸ˼ܰ
ʷһüͷϸߡ
˵ҲЩ
Ҫƻ״˶ˣ˵ǴЩˡ
лһһ£ʷһЩСĵʦԼУֻҪǼһֶ϶ͻѧǮĺ˲˵Լҩˣ
˼ǣ֪ĻҪҩô죿ʷֻôӣΪ߹ص˼裬Ҫٳ˲Ǿ浢ˡ
лһҡͷᣬʱֵ˼Ҷˣ峤үү棬ҼλϣҩĲģأ
ﶢŵȻõģǣ㲻عӼ飬ѧҵҲ£һˣûĻͿ³ǧҪؾĲֲǰ
ѧסˣʦˣлһЦˡ
ѧҵȻ£ڼʰȷʵЩۣھҪɵĶ࣬ʱ˵ǱھǻҪЧ
ѧѧĲˣοЩҪĻҪԼ
ץһʱ飬ǿõġ
֪лһнĴ㣬ǫûٶ˵ѧԼҪ¶ٺò
ķѧҵֵ
϶ǲֵģ
лһҲǲǵڼĽǣҶǱߵľȼţЩϻ
֮󣬲뵽ӡ
ڸЩԼҵģȻʱǷҩֲռģܹôȣ˵ǿԵġ
鲻ܷ ҲϣԼĴӵܹĸá
ֲҩıƽֲǮֻ࣬ҪܹѴǴ·лһŽֻԽԽá
ʷ֪лһֵĴ㣬ûж
ڵһˣЩǴβתһȦӵǣлһּһ֮󣬽žˡ
ͬʱһߵĻǫһʧҪ½ˡ
һģ½۵ᡣ
лһ̫Ѩ΢Żӵ𣺡һȥǵģټ
棿
˭˭ɵ
һߵʱ򻹰ѵؽƱϺü̳ΪһЩ¶ˡ
´εҸطȥžඣҪһĻ뻹Ÿʱơܲģ
һˣлһֵʹżһȥȥˣ
лԼҵĵҩˣ
ҩģ
ѵﲻʳԵҩҪ˸Ľ
һʱĹ򣬴˼ҾͶ֪лһֵĶ
峤һƵлүӵȰţЩɾͷ˰֮ǰôʳЩһأ
лͷԼļȥˣºȵˮɣʵģ
˭˵ûȰģ
֪ԼĹҪҩĵʱǲͰѶûĶٴһˡ
ֻǹ˵ͷͷǵġ
˵Ľֻһ磬ټʳֳĻǾǡöǮ
ԣлүӾǿͬˡ
û취˵׶ֵġ
ֻҪֳҩʳǮʱٸ峤ͣôҲѧ֡
¶˵ģлүӰѹ˵Ļȫõ˴峤ˡ
ֻЩ˵˵
ԻǺȲɡ
峤ȵĲҲҩֲռɳģΪľҪϼһõĲˮ
峤Ȳȥ
л˵ŰҪõźлͷȰ˵Ȧ
͸ɿţüĶأ峤ۻˣ̣ʳ
лүֲʧò΢Цſһۣ˵ˡ
Ҳ۰
ÿÿ뵽üĶʳûˣ۵ֱ飬û취Ӷˡ
ðɣҲ˵
壬ҩǮ𣿡λһ۵˵ʱ缸˹
⼸˶ǺлҹϵȽϽģ˵ʱҲû̫⡣
лү΢΢ͷֳ˵ȻǮˣϵҩ˭֪
Ҫ
һԣлүװһ˫ݹ壬ЩҩҲ֣
лүһû뵽СӾȻǵһڵģӹ̴û֨أ峤ͼˡ
⻹Ȱлͷֹأô⻹иҪϸ̣صأ
డɱһʮĶأɱûˣһ˳ʲôȥһӻڴס֮ûлȥ
ͷ壬ʮĶһ룬һСţҲǿţ˵ǲ
峤üͷܼӬˡ
һô죬Ǽ˼ˣ
ȷʵеأһС룬һ롣
ԭл־ҵеˣʱһ䣬ʱл־ܺ˵ǸʱҲҪȰأֻ˵СӴӾѧֲҩĵġ
лһʱøմӾǻ಻ֱȥ˼ҡ
ȻؼҾͺͼһ£Ȼһ˾Ͷͬˡ
лھѧģ϶ûⰡ
һҶлһǿ֮š
лҵĵôģҵĵؾôġ
߶ȶһģһģʱ򣬾лҰæˣл־ǸɻʱҲûҪ˵˼
ǹæġ


98 
, Ҳ򣡡һ缸Ҳ̲סĿǻˡ
ǿյҲȱ
峤һ治ʡİ
лүӽյ˴峤ЩԹ񣬲̫ڵĿ
ֲұҪ, ôĿҸʲô
˼˵ˣлүȻơ
зЩҪ˵ǰĺãлүӾ˵
ʲôȱ𼱣ؼҺͼⶫûֹ϶ҵľ, ܲǮ˵ţǳ˵ǰͷ̣ˣɲܹСӣǴˣʱһӵͷϣ
æܹ, Լ¶, ҲܰҵȥȥЩϷ, ¶
Ťͷ˿ⱱ¶
ⱱһۡ
ѹڴܻĿ˼Ұ¾, ٿԼҵܵܣ˵ˣҪ׵ܵһ߱ȥ
ڣԼ׵ܵܣһĸͬģ˰ɣһȥԼ
ⱱЦЦڴ峤һ⻰˵ˣûǲǣǲֶģǸѧ¶£ĴѾʳˡģ
Բֱˣں油һ䡣
ⱱŵͷҲ˼
лүӼ״͵ôһûʣСѴḮģһ˵Ҳ룬Ҫȥ
ࣺһͷͼ˵һˣλţȥæ֮ǰѾ˵˵ġ
ˣҲȥæⱱҲǵ¶Ҳˣʲôүǣ
Ҳ˹ȥ
磬ΪʲôҪһⲻ֣ҿ˵ڴⶫһˣ
ž
Դصİһ¡
ⱱ˦˦Դˣٰᡣ
ⱱֵܣЩεĵǴܹվȣڴ˭
лţⶼÿǵģֵܲԼͬĵ
ⱱСһЩ԰лѧ˵¶ǺõĻǻİɣ
áİɣɻˡ
⻹ûɣҲûǮ˭֪Ǻǻ
ⱱֺ̧̧һ
ⱱһۣ϶Ǻãտʼֲ԰Ҳô֣ǵ˵ԣһֳأԼ밡ֵøɲ
ⱱôһ˵缸ʿˮ
ĽԸɰ
ǲǶɵӣ
˵ҪûֳҲûɶʳڴˣصĲʲôģһѣɶ
ֵ˽һ͸ɾʮȥл־ĵæȥˡ
ʱѾˡ
л־̧һ׷Ҷӵҩʱ˶ֱˡ
ԵҶӶˣҲҲһģ
ԭͺͺļﻹÿɫ
˾֮࣬˼ţҩĵĵҪҪЩأ
лһҲû⼸˿ȻûʣҲܲ²ǵ뷨
ǺͼһɻԵ裬õſ渲һֽΧַһЩոˡ
һһֺãôæ꣬Ҳ۵ĲУȴ൱гɾ͸С
ͦԺ󵽵ܲܳĺã
ۿž붬ˣǧ𶳻˰
ǵһôӵĶҪǱ˿ɾ̫ϧˡ
Ĺ鵣ģɻɻ󣬶æ֮лһ־Ͱ˶뵽˼Է
һʱϡ
˼æôãԶٷҲӦġ
ͬĻд峤ȻǺĵȰǣл˲峤ҲεĴԼҶӵİæˡ
ĻûæˣֳĽô͵ҲʶʶֲҩĵĹ̰ɡ
л־ҳ극˲û뿪
缸Ҫ¶ҲͰڵ̨
л˶ĿƵлһֵ
лһ֣֮ǰ˵õҪϵ˵أ
л־ʵ˵ãǼҩĵ˵ȫأô˵Ӵ
֪λЩǵģҼҲǵһ֣Ҳܱ֤һ׬Ǯֻ˵ֲḶ́п׬˭Ҳ½ۣ
λҪһ׬ǮȰǲҪ֣˭Ҳ֤˵ģ
¶ĳԵģͼã绹һС룬ÿʮŶʮǮǮԸ
˵ճˣǼңȻ۸Ǻҩĵյһ۸ҲȥظЩɢյĻ۸ҲߣʱԼ
лһ˵Щ
עĶ˵ˣǸ˵ģǲ˵ˣôЩǻԼ뷨
ʲôôһ䡣
ⱱֺһơ
ȴһڴš
ҲҪ֪ʲôôûкôĻлôܻҪǵҩأ
лһһЦЩһӾͺѾֳƵġ
ⲢӰлһֵĻش𣺡֮Ǽңʡȥȥϻȥظıǵ⣡
ӻظûĻҲ죡
ֵˡ
ǰ춼·ĻļǮһΪʲôҪɵȥأ
лһֵ 
лžǲһܵҲϸ¡
лһЦЦô򵥵黹õ˵ô
˵ǽ͸ˡ
ⱱֵǻؼȥˣǷּҹˣüҵأܵûȥͨ
ȴǺܹϣ뿪֮ǰһꡣ
ΪԼؼȥãǮ֮ݷлңߡ
лһ־һֽдֺԼǮһʽݣֽȡ硣
ȻˣҪֽ˱ˣҲϡ
ͷڲܸˡ
֮ǻؼˡ
Ǵ峤үĸһֱ
ֻлˣүĸһ֮󣬳ϵҲһꡣ
лүӣ˵ọ̃صأ
峤ЩĥĵǴˣԼ뷨ˣҲдֽǵĻöŰ죬ȡ
Ҫȥء
дֽƬ¶Ȼû⣬лһͬдݣ峤һҲˡ
үӻլʱ򣬴󲮸л־һˡ
ﻹװǮĴӡ
ҺˣĵطҲϣС㿴Ҫܹл־ȥͺϺúõˡ
⼸꣬ΪлһֳΪţѵطû˰ټ˵Ҳˣһֱץҩʡ٣ǼһЩҵס
㹻һ˳Ժȵģڵ֪༸ҶҪҩĵʱҲ˼
ǿأǴ㲥ģյճеʱȶҪǿһЩ
ǿŵģʰҲ鷳֮л־ƽͱǮˡ
л־ȰȰģϾܵǮס
ֻǣ֪ô˵
ԽԼ״磬⻰Խÿڡ
һҪֳǮұԼȰû֣Ժദþˡ


99 
лһЦŰǮ˳ȥ, ˵Ǯջȥ˵
⡭л־Щ
żǮ, лһּԺ϶ǳˣﻹÿ󲮶ˣСڴˣл󲮣
лһվĶл־ƽʩл
л־ƽæסһˣɱ˵ʲôллģĶӦ, 㲻Ҳ˻ָˣ󲮶ûкúл㣬ɱô˵ﲻþ
л־ƽæѴֶ
ҪŴֶӣǴ󷿵ӻָʲôأ
лһվֱЦЦ˵ǣһ˲˵һ, ûȥ־, ɵĻ͵СТˣֺ˵Ļ, ʱҩҾУ˭Ҳɲ
л־ƽ۾Щ졣
Сĳ, ˵³
󲮵Ҳ˵һ֡
գֻøжĵͷ
л־ƽ¶ģһҪЩҩĺúŪԲֶӿ
ڶһ硣
ţˣлһָȥæ
ʱˣлֶȥ˶л־ƽҵҪã˵Ҫҩˡ
ֵܸԼһеأҲڷأ˵ҲҪҩĵġ
峤һҰԼҿһҲˣ˵Ϊҩ׼
ˣ峤ı乻ġ
磬ֵһٿҩ硣
ڸﻹʣʮţлһ־ȥлүһ£лүźӵͷ
ͬ⽫լݺطҲϡ
ز࣬ܿͷֺá
лү鸴ӵĽ
طԼҪֲ˳Եģһ굽ͷĲ˶ǴֳģҪǡ
ˣѾӦˣ
ӴˣºӴ˶һϰߣûµʱϲ⼸ҩĵĵͷ϶һ
ܽȥһȻզ
ڵͷ϶ſûģȻʲôҲһôණأ
ֻڵͷ϶ŵ˼ȴûеӣԽԽǿҡ
ǽµĵһѩ֮ͷһȦ˶˲١
ѩ֮ĵڶϣлһ־ͰԼҵĵͷһ졣
Ż̵ҩڵǿĻţ˺ܶࡣ
浣¶һ½Ӱ쵽ڲõˣСɺòźԱֵġ
Ŀãô࣡
 û뵽
ҪеĻǼҲ֣
ȿУ
ÿһҶܹԼҵĵذĵĿճģǿɶʳС绹ô
ûпл׬Ǯ֮ǰǲֵġ
лһûκεȰ˵ ͬʱҲôͼ˵ģҪǮԺҲ۸
Լ˲վͰˣǺϵֵܣأ϶һ
㲻ǮĳЩ˵뷨ûǮпܻǵĲӦá
ƾʲôأ
ԣлһһʼǰż̧һЩ
֣ԣ׬Ե
֣νԼ
³ˣȹ࣬лһִŵ׼õĶһȥӵļͽ
Ӹ˵ľûɿ
һлһ־뿪Ӽȥ˸ڴĺμҡ
ڿĺƽ꿴лһִźصĽԼʱϵ˷ѹҲѹס
μ˸Ǹˡ
лǼҰ갡ǵúܺõĹϵġ
ҪлһȻˣΪǻҪϻش߾ǿ˶پˣҪȥԴһЩȥ
ƽ굱ʹлһȥ˾ƽѣʮ̳ӵľİ
лһֵдһȻѾưᵽȥ
׾ͣˣúù꣬ȹĶ͹ȥһˣ̫ˣ
μˣһҲۣģʵأ
һл˵ľƣһӡ
Ժöȶ˲١
μ˵Ҳûǰĳ࣬ٿԺŵҲ٣ܹò
лһֵǾУҵûؼˣﻹڼҵңǰˣã
үЦӣãã
ûбȽõˣ
˵һлһһ࣬ºӴȥ
лһָ뿪μָϽȥ׼ˡ
ǰ̳ɾʮ㡭
ص֮ϵľֻ̳ĶŽ˵ؽѡ
ݽƵļ·òƤʰ˺ܶʳһߣٿлһְװ¨Ҳ˳۾Щлһָ첲ʱһ±ʾĵĲ
¨һԣлһַһԡ
л־ǽԼѬⶼſڵϣһߵʱܿþͲˡ
л֦˵˲ˮҲȦһԡ
лһֲɵЦֻȥǹһ꣬һôĵȥʦ
ˢľ͵ˣ֪̲ס
л֦Ҳᡣ
лһҪȥʦ꣡
ȷ˵ҩĳƲ֮лһ־Ͱͼ˵ˡ
æݲˣڸСӱȥǵĶˣ᲻õôҲѹס
ȥǶ飬ǹ껹ǻϻġ
εãڼʱЩˣ꾹ȻҪϻȥõôܵˣ
лһֻٴΰ֮ǰꤻȰοʦ޶ŮһСҲûУô궼ԼģҾҪԣڸǿԣԺ˵޻ˣϣܹʵʱʦԡ
ʷ˶Լİͦġ
ų˵˼·ûʦİģھǹӼ಻ô˳硣
ε˵ʵԼ˽ĵģʦȴǲԶǧԸԼˡ
ʦ飬
˵ٺлһָͨԼжʦܵ
Բӣʦжµ
лһֲ
ԣڽĴȥʦҲ᲻üˣ˵ʱ仹Ľ
ҽ飬ҵʱ϶ͻˣͱѹˣŵİ۾
ŶҲ¶ھǿҪúóԷˣУҵȥװһЩɣϲǸˣŹһӾվȥװˣûʲôȶԼСӸصˣ
ﱻȰĲˣлһ̲סµһ
Ȱˣ治װ
ݳȥˣлһ־˵һȥһ͵أɵĶˣҪǷٴ󣬾ҶѹѹҿУкμǱߵľǮǹЩӹһˣ
ģЩ¶סˣÿ춼ȥģҲڿ¶Ͳýҩĵ˼һ첻ȥţƵġ
үӸûµʱŸԼԺӺĵͷˡ
ľǺ¡
лһֶԼҽ˵㣬Ķ𣿸ͷʲôҪȥҪҴӾǸ
л֦˲Լϵ飬Լҵܵ˵СͨͨģɬĵĲˣһЩСûŪãˣˣܣھһҪ൱ģ֪һҳأ
˵꣬лͰͷȥ
ˣ
⻰ȴ˺þõģ֪ܵ¶࣬ԲɵԼﻰҲ˵ˡ
лһЦ
СʱҪһЩˣҪСʱ⻰϶˵ڵġ
ãл˵ܱȱҪá


100 
, л־żһȥլ
ڼ꣬Ҫǰʸá
лү˵ӦȴŹĸ첲, ҪŹˣûŰ
ǸТ˳ģ֪ǡ
Ϊ游ܳȣ˵˺һлһүүϢ뿪լ
뿪ʱ˳ȥ˴󲮼ңҲһк
л־ƽ·ϰģļ, ǻһ𿴹ŵġ
һ磬ɫܺڡ
лһֺѾ׼·ˡ
ʱлүӺͰϹˣﻹѶһ·, ʱԣ, ̫˹
֪ϣлһְѰˣүүרŸ, Ͳƴ˵⡣
Ѿӣȱүү̵ġ
ȻȽأһӦ·Ь֮ġ
ֵһ, 񻹴ŵ¶ȵӣΪԼĴлһֳż˻ӵ
ʻڣ·ͬĴһˡ
˸клһֻӻӣꤵʻȥ
ʱһطЩιлһֲŴүүϵİ
һѺѥһѾ͸Ķɡ
Щͣһǽϲõģѹ֮ǰĻЩ¶ˡ
лһϲ̾һ
ߴͣɴǣ
ػģ
Ҫȥѥ쳣ĶлһְѵİȡѥӵĲ򿪡
쵽ǧ׵ѥʱͻȻ֮ͷᣬļⷢ£ϴǱүү̵ʱһӣʱһ㲻ٵıͷʵʵķѥˡ
һ̣лһֵ۾ʪˡ
ˣ
֧ļˣʱ޿̵Ķϣõļˣ
Ϊ˼ˣӦÿĸòУ
лһֵĿƺһӸȷˣǰ·Ҳˡ
¶ʮ    Ժſ
лһվ
ڽ˳ǣһʷܼҸ֪ʦԼҪ£һ·ϴһͼҴҵĸ˶Ժ
ſڵһ֪лһ˵ԭ һҪţȻȾܡ
ܾܰɣʱʱĻعͷһۣģƺƵġ
лһߵվſڣ˫󣬲ʱĴ¡
䣡
춳ˣΪһѧǵ˵ǲܵ˵в֮˵ġ
ԣĦ»ûעġ
лһſڱĵŵʱ򣬶Ժ˲Ŷǿˡ

ͷļ
ˣԺһЩǫһİ꣬˹˵̫ʦ˵ˣ˵Ҫ̣
Ҫ£
Ǻǣʷǲŵģ
Ҫڼǫһò̫ʦ
ǶԺһܾϼһţһŵ㼦ëƤС¶ùġ
ԣǫ˴Ų̫ʦˡ
̫ʦĿľҪһ˵Ժ˾Զһֶ
Уǫϸ˴𸴡
̫ʦȴǲмĵֻʷ˵־Ͳ׼ϷһС붼ԺǺε
ʷ˺ǺЦǺǣԭ̫ʦǱİҲԹ־¶Ϸܣ̫ʦˣ
̫ʦ¶һ˿Цݣ֪ϼһҲµʱ򣬱ԼסС˰ɡ
һ뵽Ժ˸ʰˣΣһˡ
̫ʦԴţ׳ǫ׾ͺã˲ֻ࣬һ
˵һǰҲУ̫ʦûµĻ룡Ļû˵أʷ˾ͷǳˬ˵һ䡣
Ĳ̫ʦɫǿҲָԭ״ŭŸոˣϷˣ
ʷЦЦֻЦô͸ոպͲ̫ʦһģһ˼վ˲̴ʦֵֻܹ࣬ҲڣǣʷԿһ㣬㲻аԺҴڸУ㣬𣿡
̫ʦɫˢľͱˣŭƥ
̫ʦڣȫڹŮ
ô꣬͸﹬⣬Щ˵µˣʱͷݶüˡ
Ƕǫζûеõˡ
ǣϼһﻹûмˣҪԱ߱ûлᡣ
ǸѧһСѣ̫ʦûзϣͨķġ
Ļʱǫֺܺĵһ䣺ʷ˻״̫ͣʦȻܹʷ˰ôĿ
Ѿ¼䴦һ¼Թٵ
ͨ
̫ʦԱߵϡ
ǱģҲǱŵġ
ϣ
ĸҰ
ϼһģǹġ
ǫǺЦŻصԼλ
ڶԺﻹΪ㣡
̫ʦ˵ǲ̫ʦֶˣֶҲУ˵ֶҲûпķˡ
ⲻǵһβ̫ʦ˹ˡ
ĵطв̫ʦˣΨطģʹǫһξͰ˴Ҫĵطˡ
ֻû
أֻҪǫ϶̫ʦͿԵϸһ״
Сµˮ©˶ŵһЩǽȥˮɨȥˣŵҲûС
ǰѲ̫ʦĲУ෽֪ϼһｫͬӰŽ־Ͼҹˡ
ûκθı䣡
̫ʦȻǱʷ˸ɫȫ̷ڣûռһˡ
һˣ
Ҫǽ¶ͱȥ̫ʦĺֵñĲᡣ
ȻŮʵǲ̫ʦÿĻ൱ڡ
һţŮӣ
ǲ˵Ӷûã
Ȼȷʵͦûõģܰ嵽ĸطûжĹ
λεĿ̫ʦˣԣ̣
۾Щһֱǫģ޲۴Ľʷ˸ˡ
ʷȴЦ
ôǻϵһҲûУ治֪ΪʲôͿϲ̼ҵǸƽϡɵŮأ
ǫԽôƽ̫ʦԽŭ
ƥǿԼ
ƥأҲûеĻɫҪҲܶʰʰˡ
ˣ
ˣ
̫ʦԭӲϼһĨЦݣϷ֪ʷıְ
ʷЦЦû
ȴţְүҪûҲڣ
̫ʦҪǫĻشΪĻû˵ء
ŵǫԺҲûкˣͬΪٶ꣬Ժյ˶ûж
ѩصģֶأأһ˰ɣ
ɱˣˤҲûаɣǾͰ׻һ˰ɣͷ
ˣǫŭˡ
Цϣ˿ѾһƬ
͢ϣҲûôġ
ⲻֹǴޡ
޵Ĳ̫ʦǫĺҲһȻɫЩҰס
һʱˣĿıˡ
̫ʦΪҪǫĹϵģʲôģܳɾͳɣҲνԺ취
ϼһ˼۵һϵûԽԽԶˣ
Ǹˣոһʱʧû˵ڣſ˴
ˣѧлŻأ˵Ҫһؼҵģ Ҫæ깫Ѿ¾ưůӣ⶯治С̫ʦĻһӾͱ»ȥˡ
ǫſڵ
ĵ˵ͷģû˵ѣھʲôģʷﻹ


101 
ԼѧԼˣ
ܹƵѧ, ʷֻˣ˵Сǲܻģôֻһˡ
лһ֡ѵĻˣ
ƽʱͦ˵, ʷҲţСӲϺ˵˵
ǰΧ̫ʦҲô÷ܵġ
뵽ˣʷüͷСȻؼˣʹ깫ˣҲû£߰ɣΪ֮ҼɵСӵżǵøϷ, ТģǺǣ
㲻˵ûТ
Լѧˣ˭ϼһڲ̫ʦĳޡ
еǣʷ˴û¹˭
Ǻǣ
иˣлôТ˳һ, ű, ƨ
ǫԼĺӣǵȻϷѧһ٣ߣ
ǣ
, ƨĵǵطʷǳŭתˡ
ôģҲֻʷԼ֪ˡ
ǫôҡڵĴӲ̫ʦǰ߹ȥˡ
߹ȥˣ
Ҳûһ۵, Ƥû̧һ¡
ֱӣ
£
̫ʦûϼһԼԼˣ
ʷˣٲߣİСӸˣ
Ҫڻʱ򣬺Ǻǡ
Ժлһڻ߶ţԼվһԻᱻඡ
ﻹŸոݹһʽĶǸʦ׼·ıҲůů
ʱʷķӶԺ߳ˡ
ԶԶľͿڶԺѧǫ·ЩƮ
ѧյĺã
ʦлһӭ˹
ţӦĵȻʦȴǿóʷ˺ܾϲѽ
лһæԼĶʦϣʦæˣȥԷ
ӿ˺һˣټ䣬лһ־ԼٲʳĻܻᱻĹˡ
ʷ˰Ѷһ£æˣףŻͦʵİ̫ʦãǲǣ
ŸĲ̫ʦϷͲ㣬ôţ
ʷҲǷǵҪò̫ʦ˵Ҫϼһҵ㲻ڡ
תͷͼлһԼĸ첲һڴĿ
ǫСʵôʱˣϾҪˣٸ·ҪǻºӴҲǲܵˡ
лһЦһµҸʦһ꣬ʦɻã
ãõĺܰҪûа۵˸ãʱʷ˺⡣
СһҪھԼꡣ
˵ľϲˡ
ԼҲû뵽ġ
ʦĵĻȣһԱӵĲ̫ʦˡ
ոպòײŰǫѹȥģڵãȻžžˡ
ܿ˿лһȻֻһġ
ͷϵĶʲôҲûˡ
̫ʦӲǼһĨӵЦߵʦ˵Աߵ˵˴ůӵľƣأϷôûпأ
ƣ
лһüͷ˶ʦϵЦЩ䵭ˡ
Լ֪ʱ򣬲̫ʦʦ鷳˰
ҪǱĶлһֻǲһõó
ھ
ûбðġ
ȴûϱֳоִٵĶʷ˵ʦƣ絽ϡ
˼ˣϺ¡
̫ʦôоƣ
һһСĿ϶ǸԼûУԼҲ֪
漴ϵȻоƣȻȡˣѵͲ֪ô죬ȿھƻ𣿲ֻϹɣڵ˰ԽԽඡ
ʦΪȽϺʣлһ۵׺ЦĿʷˡ
ԼѧϰߣʷϤ
׼
ȻˣʷȻҲٸ̫ʦһССĽѵ
ڲ̫ʦע£ǫĿһ۲̫ʦƮƮ˵һ䣺һ֣ѾȡΪʦΪ̫ʦȻϲ黹ǲģһھƣ·Żůͣ
ǣʦʦԵȣлһƺһ£Ȼȥ
̫ʦԼ͵ſϷˡ
͸ոлһֵӣͲϻ׼ơ
ҪеĻǸģ
ֻǣ̫ʦϷȴĽӲˣת˲š
лһߵǰʹӳ˳һСӡ
С˹Ϲ˫ƽ״
лһֽСӷϣСӡ
Сӱлһһ򿪣۵ֻ򵥵ľƱԱ߻һ֧ľƺ
ȴĲ̫ʦľȡ
У
̫ʦʷˡ
У
ò̫ʦߴ٣лһֽƱһִֻƺбִһ
¾ƺ˫þƵıʷ˵ǰ
ǫӹһڣ̫ʦҲһɣ
лһһ˫ݵ̫ʦǰ
̫ʦʶͽ˹֮󣬸ˣþƣ
ƵζȻ˵ĺã
˵ͺˣǺþҲ˵ʧʧ߰
Ȳ̫ʦֲĻһգ˾Ƶıӱǫˡ
ô鷳ʲôǻؼҺһ߰ɣؼˣ
лһ֣ʦ룡̫ʦ룡
ǫҲ̫ʦ˸ơ
̫ʦ̧žߡ
ƾͱˣһһȥģԼһϷҲûռ
лһִǾƣˣζıƽʱԼȵҪõĶࡣ
ôһȽԼȹľǾͲܳΪˡ
Ժ߿˴һơ
ֶסΪʦһ仰лұҶ࣬覴ãҪԼǣضҪԼļƲܸгɾͣĻᱻۣҲпܵģ
ͨ
뿪Ĳ̫ʦˤˡ
ȻһԷţǻǶˡ
Ϊʷ˹ĴЦûѹƵĴ㡣
Ų̫ʦĺű̫ʦ˸ˣлһֳĬҲʷ
·ϣǫƽлһּ˵
лһһһĻشʦ֮ڶԺʱʷ˵ڲƽ
ʱŭʱƣʱĵİѸոշ鶼˵˳˵̫ʦ˵ʱǫڵĶҪˮˡ
лһʦѶ˽ĵʦҲܱ֤ΪƶСӿ϶Ϊգ˲ү˵Ļ
ǫӶ˶òϣʷ˱жˡ
ǵѧ棬ǲôԡ
лһֻڳ첲ȥСƵģϷûǷϣǹ꣬ã
лһЦİѷԼϣȻãǶ⣬ʦҵһھǹ꣬᲻öóԵİ
ǫðĸжСӵĲûˡ
Ҫ˵лڵӿ϶ǲСӵĳԺȣοھлһֵ֧ûбʦˡ
ԣСһǹģ
ǹģǫȴǼġ
Ϊʦѹ̫󣬲Źô˵İɣ
뵽ˣʷ˵Щˡ
ͺЦĵʷԵģʲôʦ˵
лһ֣͵仰ˣ
㰡ɰɣ˭Ϸѧأʷ˵ĻеЦ⣬ԼҲûв
лһֶʱˣʷ˲ͣ˵
лһ֣ʦҺ˵ʱǿǸ˺ü޷ԣʵĻ΢ĸĸģůˣ
ʷˣţӦúʣʹлһʦÿĽ֮һ·Ьӣߴ綼˵ģȻǺʵġ
лһ֣а·ϰɿˣкö˼ĵط
˵˵
֪ϲϸ
ʱʱĴлһֺʷ˵ʱʱ͵̸ХĺƺҲʦ֮׽ɢ˲١


102 
лһֻص, ûлصлլȥסǾסʷˡ
Ҿˣ˵лլЩӽ˸, һ꣬ʦ
ʦ˵ÿ춼ǲĺóԵıţʲô͸ʲôģÿ춼ġ
ֻǣлһֳԵж໶æľж౯ߡ
̫ʵˣ
, ʷҲȥϳȥԺǰʱһ˴ڸŻѰλѺȺȲ衣
ڲһˣԼѧڸôأ
лһÿ϶ʱʼ, Ȼ, 飬ƽʱԼ, ûʲô
лһ˵Ҫ³ʱʷ˱ʾһ¿ҵ
˼ʦ϶ҪעһԼѧĽ̵ġ
лһһ, ʱرˣʦලţá
ֻǣлһֲǣʦ˵
ʱҹÿһʱɻʱ䣬ȫæŵĽкʵʡ
ŰűлһĲš
ʷüͷһ£ܵȻһ䣺еĻʦٰ㰲һ£
æţ
ٰŵĻлһֵԼᱻʦеʱ䶼ˣ˵޳̣ΪѾʦʦдĸˡ
лһֵʱЩˡ
ҪҲˣԼĻᱻʦˡ
ʱʲôģԼŵĺá
˭֪ʱǳǶ̰
ס
ȻлһֳʵֶʵʦĿʼˡ
һʷлһֳԹ֮󣬾һĺɰ
ʦôˣѹǮˣлһ˵Ųˣ˫ѹǮٶȴ
ǫЦǺǵĵʦģ°ɣ
лһֵлʦ󷽣ôصѹǮأ
ֻʷ˵һлһеСΡ
ʷˣһЩǵòϾˣ
лһ֣
һʱѾôˣҪĿҵһ죬ǽŵĽлһֲ
ʷ˴ȥ꣬һȦѹǮ֮лһֺԾľȥԼҵȥˡ
Ҹʷ˷һ裬ؾصվһԡ
Ҳʷ˹ģֻǽ긮˺ܶ࣬Ϊлһֵĵʷ˲ٵ
үЦĶˣڼҵʱҲˣԶҲνˣÿ춼ȥ￴ĲɫܿүлүǶôˡ
ǫΪҶС̫𣿡
æүҪүõĹ淶һЩΪүã
ҵӡ˵үڸѧϰʱүûвôĿҵ
˵Ҳ֣үүҲô׽үھҲסʷǹүлүĲ֮ͬɡ
ϵģʷȴֻͬ˵һ롣
ǫ˵һ룬ΪãȴΪ˸淶ֻǴҪСæµһЩ
ңĲ̫ף
ʷ˼С˼̫ӣȥ࣬᲻㣬Ϸ鶼ˣпȥЩеû𣿡
ҼѵһĭȻԼү˴Ĵָ
СүȷʵûʱȥˣԼŵʱҲûУﻹпȥЩ°
ǣмС껹ũׯ¶˼һĲ
мСǲҲүȥأ
ϸǰƺмС굢Сүʱడ
Ҿˣ
ͻȻԼƺ֪࣬ȻЩĪҪһүˡ
ˣү˵ĶǶԵģүǰȵȽϺá
ɣܸɣ
лһָͲ֪˵̸һģС¶˲̫ʦͷˡ
ÿԷ˯֮⣬飬飬ۣʫʦģ
нһֱʮ塣
ϣеƻᣬʷлһȥ˴դƻᡣ
ֵлһֲĸߣǵĵƻ̫ˡ
СԶ࣬࣬࣬ʫࡣ
һ·лһֺĶ챧ˣǶæš
ȻˣҪҵûĻлһֻˣ
֮ʷָһ˷ҵÿһ⡣
ÿĲۺʫѾлһֿҪһͷˣټϽ⣬Լǰͺˡ
ʦĻ
ȻлһֵСӸʵˡ
ĳʵһֱӼ࿪ҲûֹͣʦҵɣټϹӼҵȻʷ˵ģлһûʱȥˡ
ʱдҵȥũׯȻһֱŻ뿪
һȴǲһˣÿһлһ־ͻȥũׯũׯתһȦ֮󣬾ͻϻȥæµ
û취ũׯһҵ겻ɰ
ʷ˶Ľǳ⡣
лһֿƵѾǵĩ
Ϊǰٵ˿γ̣лһֻصѧõʱѾһͬˣһٲֿ֮ͨͬȥѧѧ
ѧлһֶԿ˵ûս
ԣͨʷ˵ġæ˼µĵлһ׷ͬĩͬʱ˹ѧѧĿˡ
ֺ֮ǰͬһµĿãʹݡ
ʹͬǸµѧϰʱ䣬лһֵֻĲС
ֻԻ֣ΪʹԵ˺ܶ࣬ѧյգֱ֣Ԧ䡣
յ鷨ժˡ
οлһִӼ֮ǰʦѾʦѵˡ
Ԧлһ˵ѣƽҶûٳȥˣԦѲˡ
ֺ˲ٵĹ
һɡ
ѧ죬лһѡǵӣѡʱΪЯ㣬ٵʱҲܴƺڵϰɡ
ʦлһִʲôӡ
ֻһ䣬ϰʱעΧûٿʼʵΪлһķǰյĲ̫á
ϲ˶ﱼ
ԣÿֵлһϰʱͬǿ϶ǵһʱԶһЩԶһЩлͬѧԼϰ
лһָ䵽Ļ͵ȥҽݣϰˣɲҪԼϰ𣿣
ںʹ֮лһˡ
Ϊл֦ĻϾҪˡ
ٺ󣬴ʦҶ˸񣬺һһӾָϻºӴ塣
¶ʮл֦顣
ϺӴ嵽ºӴ·ϣһ·
ԵǮʱлҲ
һȢϱһŮ൱ӡ
˵ԵƸʱǿǾ˲ˣƸһƸζʽȹʮ̧ƸǶ˾Ͳ֪ˣصٲ˵ġ
л֦ļױҲǿ˴ֵˡ
̧ŵʱȻʮ̧֮ࡣ
Ҳ˵ԼҵƸȫϱִȥˣֹˣлҵõҲʮ̧
аĶױ䣬ϲȵȣ⻹ֻǱ˿ģ˲֪ǣлһڱл֦Ͻǰ׸˽һǧƱ
л֦䱾ǲյģʵ̫ˣЩڼҲûʲôֻл־лһֶӲ
ԺӾҪԼˣеǮһЩ
Ҳ̫ˣ
ҲڼŮʱôӵġ
лһ־ǸˣĻǣֻһ㣬㻹˭
Լ׬һǧ׬һǧǽĳ״飬ȴֻһΡ
л־ҲСӸȰοģҪ֪һǧǰҲ֡
֪л֦ҲƱûƳȥƱĲţᣬ֪Ѿ˫
л֦ڵϰݱʱѾ޵ĺƵġ
ϲŷſлһֵıϣ佱ء
ܿ޳ӣǾǶ¶ңТ˳ʶ
ºӴӳ޵ʱ򣬿Ҳнģܿ޵ôʵȴࡣ
ֻǲ֪л֦ĵĿޣжֹסᡣ
Ҹ̫̫࣬ûбȴҪˡ
кſ޼޵ԽԽԶӴл֦һݣΪԼϱ


103 
¶ʮ, л֦С޻ţлֺúõһ졣
С뿪֮л˷԰׵ߡ
ҽݵƹ, κ㣬κϴҽʮأ˵֮лҿҩģͬʱлһĻһţʷ˵ļ
ƿ֮лһǳ˳ͽˡ
ֲ֮£κϣٹ飬ѧɣ
ûˣ
ں̶ܴ, лһ־ʦҶٵԸǼƣдŵʱ򣬶ܶʡͶʡ
κϵĵлһҲһھǲǻҪ٣ҩм¾Ϳ, Ҫûﶢ, 궼ðæˡ
κڿлֲҩ֮󣬼ֱ˵ã, ãð
κϣԺ鷳ˣлһֵ
κϣһҲ鷳, ֮껹ֲܼôõҩģ޺˰
ЩҩʺǰֲʱǱȽʱ׵ģлҵĵȴܹôõĳʣʵס
ҩĵκҲһϣƱˣοκһԼҩĳڸǵطǱ߹ǿҲһˣôһЩҲˡ
лһֲҩıΪ˰ҶٽģʦκʱĹλ˼Ҳˡ
㣬лһһҲ⡣
ΪˣΪӴգܽԼԼʱ ֶΪأ
ʹ˵κǴӸģΪľҪչǵҩĵġ
Һʹ峤һֻˡ
ڵ֪Ϣ֮󣬵һʱлһ֡
лһֱⱾԼģΪϵҩҲǸոսӴλУǮҲƽʱһõģҲЦ뿪ˡ
κϸļ۸ǱļۻҪһ㣬Ｘֲҩĵ˼ҿ϶ѡԼȥˡ
¶ʮȫһ£лһոҪʱǸȥ
û취ҵ
ڼҵ⼸죬ʦõҵҲŵģÿ춼Ҫҵģ̶Ȳھǵ͡
лһȴǺԹԣһΪ˸õԺ
صǵлһ֣ҵһ㡣
ʷ˵Ļǣĺ֮ǶûˣھҪר飬⣬⣬ʫ
ʦ˵Ķԣʦ˵Ļȫлһľҧصļ֡
µףʹݿͨ½뵽ѧãϰĶָˡ
ʦڿ֮ĵ㲦лһ졣
ѯյϵţ˵Ǽһжãҩĳ˰лһ˵ӣȫκϡ
׬˰˰
⻹լһ󷿵İء
Ҳ׬˴ѵӣӣǰѴ˸ˡ
ϰӰе˼ôҲûмôࡣ
֮ºӴϺӴһЩĵضҪҩĵģ֮ǰĻл˲ûж˵ʲôҲû
Щ綼лһҩֲռģʱůͣϵҲܴ߳ôõ
ȥ˴峤峤ǶκϰæκϲǿĴӦӸǣȻգɫҲҪս
ӣкö˶лֲţЩлүӴż˶ûв˽
˵˶ܹõģҲûбҪأڴһ붼ҪֲҩˣǱҲ㣬ֻ¶֮ǰûᵽл־һ䡣
лһֿţͰڻּһţ˵ľԼǱҪֵĻǰѵʰãͶڼȥ֮˵
κڴʮ·ݻһЩҩҪµأлһΪԼҵĵطҪЪһЪԼڼûҩֲռˮûЪϢʱ򣬿ܻӰ졣
лһ֪Լ˵ǿܣүүϵüĵЪЪġ
֮󣬼˾ͺٰһСˣһЩϻרŵ
ߣҲǼĳɳɡ
µףѧͨ
ʮ£ѧĽá
ͬµʱѧϰһĿԵʱԽԽлһֵĿҵûмٵӣһ㡣
ǵģֻһ㡣
ÿʮһɷĲ۶ѣ㿴㻹иŵ𣿡ʷĿԼѧǸ߸üüͷ
лһְԼʮҵֽȵķŵʦ鰸ϣһʦǰҲôƴѧ𣿡
ʷ˵Ķ˶٣ôܣǸʱûԼûûڵѧģСӱҪϢɣ֪㣡
лһֳʦ˸Ĵָ
ʦ˹
ľġ
һôţúЪЪ
ǺʦôһȣԼЩ֪ˡ
ܹڹӼѧʷԶ٣ôѵð
ȻҪϢ̫¶ˣ
΢һΣлһҪЪϢĻʻضȥˣʷ˸ִ֮µһҵȥˡ
лһ뿪֮ǫ̾Ϣһ
Ҳϣ⺢ܹһЩʱ䲻˰
ɳ֮Ъɡ
ʱ㻹ܲЪͲʦҵˡ
лһ뿪ʱͻȻԼĺЩ̧ͷŷ֣Щˡ
ѩܻһЩ
ӼѾţлһֻȥʱָ˴ѩ
ʦҪҲһؼҹ£лһ뿪֮ǰٴʷ˽ͬʱٴδʦһؼҡ
ʦһھǹ̫µˡ
ȥʦ꣬Ҫؼҵġ
ǫڰڣˣ˺ãԼú÷ɷɣھ߲ԺǱµĻһüʱϹȥ
ҪߵÿĻʷ˻治Լѧһȥĵꡣ
ȥСһʱֿǴûйġ
ߣԺҲԿǿǡ
ʦԸ⣬лһҲûټȰ˵һ΢һЩ뿪˾ǣðѩºӴȥ
ţѩ·ϵȴǻ١
󲿷ֶǺлһƵĸ·ġ
·ԼһС·ˣ˽վ
䣬·䣬Ҳ
εʱܿԣ˾ʹվ˯һҲЪЪҪ·ء
ϴˢϣһȺıлһ־ȫů˲١
ʱһ
վؤѣǲܽ
ǣҪĸؤˣԺҲסվˣ
ˣ
Щ˵ĶվСѾסˡ
վſڴ˿ĸڵ˱Щ˶ˡ
ǲؤϵӱ͵ˣסһޣһ취ӸģҪƹĳҺƹ˵һ˵ͨͨڣʱһЩƵ
ͨڣЩ򡭡С磬ЦˣҾǻڷԵģҪȥˣƹķǵòҵƤɣС治ҷš
ϾͿҪˣɲ밤ƹ
վÿ˴ֵؤûʮҲʮȱľؤ
Ӳù
ܣҲĸؤýˡ
ͷ΢ؤˣ߰ɣ·
ǣյ̫ˣ·ĻŲסҪΪ緢գҲôǽվˡ
ЩվļһһҲ뵱
٣࣬ٳųţ˾ҶһнԺð죡ڵϵˣСǸյˡ
˻ûϸ
һؤĻʲôġ
ſڴŵлһȴļˢľվ


104 
վ, ĸؤţһ
յʱ򣬵ſڵСԱˡ
С߳һ, ƺЩߣ߽ϵļаĿӽ⿪ˡ
һ棬ڵŵؤû˵ͰԼļаȥ
лһ֣ȷӽţѩûͣ, ڵϣҲܲˡ
үļͱˡ
лһͷҲصĵæ
Ŷˣˣүʲôʱʼôϲأ
лһֶţ꽫ﱧŵްҪүϣ̫, үûüء
ֻǱлһһѳӵһؤϣϣ
꣺ⶼΪ˭Ŷ
ʱлһѾȥڵŵؤ, ֻҲѡ
ŵĿһֵĴ󺺣үϸ첲ϸȵıٻˡ
ڵϵؤԵס, ްͺůֻͣǡ
㣬æлһֺѾŵؤ, ԭŵλȻڷͺ
˶Ժˣзʲô
ؤһԼǱˣ
ֻûз̫ãһлһ֣Ȼްһ¾Ͱްϡ
ްһױ
һů˲ͰΧȫ
Ÿм͸ӵæٴȥ磬ζ˰æܿͱˣ
ֻǣվʱסˡ
Сæվſţλӣ治̧ҪڵҲý
ôү˵ģŭ
С˵ˣ빫ӲҪΪңллˣллСһ͵Ǹ
˵ĳܴ󷽣źҲͨˣǴӾǷģﲻ
ڿ˾ȻȥؤĿ챻ˡ
ôôʡأ
ﲻһ¶ȴǲܷؤվοǿҪĸˡ
껹Ҫѵ⼸䣬лһȴֹˣС磬ҽݣ׹ϣ
̫СˣҽݳյڸֿڵһҾǣϾ͸ùԵȣԵȹС˵Żȥ
Сһ뿪бСˣȻǽſڸš
лһѾ˴վˣڿȥ׵СȥķþգҲǱȥ
ǷˣߵʮӭСʹһ˱һ·˹
׵˹
ÿ˴һ
࡭лؤ˹
СȥվȥˣлһǴؤһֱߵҽݡ
ҽвŶӣڿŵĻԵʱϾһСȽȥ
Ͼ̫ˡ
лһֵл֮ҲûпȻǴˣͲܵʱ䡣
Ȼ˲ԼΪλ
壬֮ģᣬ¸ҪÿУҸӣҪУԺмҩĹҪĻԽһãҽݵĴ˿⼸ȫͬ˵
лһ֣ʹ򣬼ҩķһˣǼҲæҩһ£ǽӴģ
˶æҡͷϷûУʵڲ̫鷳ˡ
лһȴĿǣҲϣȴڳȣ
˳Ĭˣ˼ˡ
꣺үҪǰҲס
գĸ˶ץҩҽݵĺԺ˵طҩˡ
ڼҩḶ́лһȥ˲Զĳ·֮ǰֻףҪǴĲůͣҲСವꡣ
ΣûٿѾǷˣٶǷҲνˡ
ˣ
˴ͷŶһףԵλҲһס
͵ҽʮӣԺ·˺ܲһûؤװŵ
һϸֲ̫
˵ĻֱҪ̫ۡ
лһԭЦ˲ĵһЩʮ٣ͦаɣǱٶ˵һԺһ򣡡
ǣүһ£·һԼһ·ϵ̲үһ仰ͳȥһˡ
һݳȥϵһӼ˺öࡣ
ӵݹȥ֮лһ̧žͳҽݵš
Ҳæ뿪
ո˵ıӴ󺺣˵𣿻һĻǲ̫ˣ
һļ򣺡磬ԺĻԵ˵С˵ҲУ
Ϊʲô绹Щ⣬Ļ˭˵һһ
Сεҡҡͷ簡ĸ˵еģȥ֮ôϼؿΣ
ϿܣΪʲôϿΣҾǲϿβźһġ
ϿʲôرԴۡ
ĿΣǼֱǲ
ôƣС岻ɵЦЦ´˻ϵǼů¡
ڳµﻻ·ʱ򣬱Ҫ˼ҵģȴʶִˡ
ů˺ܲ÷أ
ٿѾԶˣͷҲûлصˣԽԽǣЩˡ
лһֻصվϾͺĽ
磡ڴ˵ڸ֮лһֱ궢Ź˵뽪
Ǻζлһֵ۾Щ죬ɤۻֱð
Ҫðɣ
лһֵ̫ģһͦãƽʱһҲע⣬ҩֲռ䣬ټԼҽԼСûô
ЩСˡ
ȥһģȻˡ
굣ĻˣϾ͹ˣүҪǱˣû
ȥС̧һͰˮֱһľͰ
үݸˮȥȥɣ굣ĵĵ
лһֲ⣺û£꽪ˣͺˣ
꣺м͵ˣүͷ˿Ļܻᵣģ
лһ֣ţ룬˵еҲΪбҪݸˮ裬ȳȥһᣡ
˳ӣûˣһ
û뿪̫Զվ¥ݿڵλðүš
үϴڸǰ̺򣬲Ҳ뿪һв۵ȥô죿
лһȷʵһ裬վǸľͰʱҺҲûУԼıȽϷġ
һغãлһ־ͽԼҩֲռ䣬ӿռ֮ǰŵĴԡͰ˳ˮһһɡ


ֻǣԡҺϴ¶ʲôģԭζҲļӹȻζ
ǲԼҲˣҲ
ȥһȦǰŵĲᡣ
տʼǼ˳ƺ磬ΪҶһܹȷˣǡ
ҲҶйϵʱĻ١
ΪˣԲŸһӣ·ϣûǮһҲеġ
⼸˵쳣ıȽϤʣƺЩ͸һлһȷǾǣԲǻˣ
ϤĸоҶٵ׵ϼ
ôЩ˵ݣƺĵˡ
лһֱۣ꣬ҶҲ֪ܲܰȣ


105 
Ҷҵô, лһֲڼرʵˡ
ʵѼ˸ۻˡ
ؼ֮󣬳ȥѼҺͷӼ֮, лһ־һֱڼרĵˡ
ȻˣÿϢԴʱ仹ҩĵӸˣֲȻ⡣
³ˣŸлеġ
԰Ŭ꣬лһֻҪƴһѵġ
һȥ֮ȥүү˷ͻԼңȻлһҲûٳš
, ǰСӵĳʳŵ׵ģÿŻóԵģ·Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
л֦ңӤʵĵܵܵСҪʧ˵ʱҲǲɵ˺ܾá
лһֵǾͦã, , ôҲи˰ɣ
Ӥûˣźã
ȥл׬Ǯ, лֵһѼҶˡ
լԭֵַһǮ
ͷļұ֮ǰǳƫҪл˳õġ
лںͳ˱, ż˵΢ѣжߵڣڼ׬Ǯ֮󣬴Ӹڴ˵˸ϱĴܸʵлүӷҲܸˡ΢˵㣬Ҳһ£ŰϵĻǣµظɻҪôܳôţ
ĬĬĲ֨ˣ̰ˣǰûȢϱ
ĵ˲٣ãòЩˡ
ôû뵽ľл־ҷǷӣΧĿյأһ֮ߵķӱȴͷĻࡣ
û˵һ֣үӶ˵Ӧøǡ
ˮֹл˶˶ӣҲһ䲻Сסлһֵĸڻһ䳯ãҲǶԺһסĶڵĺ룬һҲûס
ΪסСӵʦʷǫģ
ʦû꣬л˻ЩʧģһھǹĵжµӴ
л˸벻ʷһҲµ
ǿһϷ֮󣬸ǿ˭ֺǺǵġ
˴󹦣ˣ߹ش²󣬲֪ҪʲôʹͣӼҲûϰԺһλεĿЦʷ˵
ǫϸ˾ǳԸ˵ǲ
ƨҪ˵ʷˣ϶˼
˵ʷּҪǷҪ͵ĻҸض͸סɣ꽻ҲⶪһƷԱ⾹ȻûضסЦ
Ц
˭ң
ЦһƷԱǾЦϣһǧҲûҵģ
С͸ڻǰλʷ˵ͷûбˡ
λ˵ֻǡ
λ˵ˣЦĵ˵ĻӼһͲŴ˵Ĺˣ
룡
˿
С̫뿪˶Ժ
һС̫ѸոյĻдһֽϡ
һֲģͣٵĵطҲı˳ֻܹǳȷתϡ
ڶ죬ɱּ١
ֱȥط˵ʹ˵һƷԺλһƷڳֵ˱ˣûմõʷˣ
ĹԱϲҪģĲͬŵûϵĻġ
ϲҪģ
Щ߲ԣϲҪʷȴǵ״͵ıԺ 
*
¡
ȵһҲ붯ִĿյлһָǱȵԴ¡
µľʦԽԽˣȴҪ΢ЦİӹȻĵȥ
ڹӼѧϰ˸µ̫ѧʱлһѾӹӼ뿪ĸˡ
еѧƿ˶ͨ˾ͲټڹӼˡ
ٴڹӼҲȻظѧϰǰݣлһֱȽͬ󲿷ֶ뿪ˡ
ЩģȻҪ¼ˣһֱͨС
лһȻҲһûѡϻؼңҪȥǿԣҪԼѧ
ʦȻæĽȴҲܹʱĿҵÿ켸Ялһ˵Ҳ൱İġ
ʦ֮󣬴ӹӼ뿪֮ʹھˣÿлլʷߣһȥıȽ϶ĵطũׯˣϾԼķģҪЩġ
ʱǶŬ飬⣬ʫһҲ֪ʦ⡣
лһ־ԼԴñ
ȣƣô⣬߿϶Ҫԭ 
ǵģʷ˸Ѿˡ
ÿһܿ߹ֻܼٸһ
ȻлһǳͬһҧһᣬŭܵЩд˵ֽǰĬĬ⣬
ƿûнݾ
ô֮лһѾ㹻֪
ЩлһָоЩˣԸӣ䣬ȻЩĥ͸
꣬˵Щʦ𣿡ʦᾫѳɣ
꣺үǱۻԴҪȥũׯΣƹǶ˵ȥأ
ŶԺȥ̫࣬⣡
лһ˵꣬һ ȥˡ
Ѳ豭ˮȻĵ˳
үֻҪһʼ⣬ͲˣʱԾ˳ţŵү
ҪǻԼ궼롣
ûбԱ߿Լǿȥġ
үȴôԾڱţѹүүôˣһ⣬ϣ۾ۣ
лһֱʾ۾ҲۣϸĻԺֹ۾ۣĵطҲۡ
˵Ļۣ
ΪԺ󲻺ڣƴƴֵ
ǰʮѧɲܰϣ͵ֲμһθ߿ˡ
ϣһ꣬ڶϵĿһ˺ܶࡣ
лһֺܲȥũׯÿϱزٵĿ 
ֲܶȥũׯ뷨ӷŵˮⷨӼֱ˫Ӯ
ϣлһûˮ
ΪũׯĲ˵ͷһʧһˡ
ֵܣþòɻãԴɳƵлһֲԵȥ
ٵҶ磿ȻŤͷͼǸϤЦݣϤӰȴԴƣĿ
ңһûֵҲ˺ö࣡
ܹôлһ˵ˣҶ˭
ҶͻȻлһָסˡ
ʲô˵ˮСı˿ȫ׵Ժˡ
ҲϴлһֹͰҶ·סˡ
ҶҲлһֵļ
ӣ㣬һǰһũׯһƧĵط
ҶڲԶš
ȻλүûлҲһûм棬ûϵˣ϶кܶ໰Ҫ˵
кܶ໰Ҫ˵ˣڰһһ֮ȻһһĿʼ˵ˡ
Ҷҳ£ҺʹȽϼûʱ˵ֵ
궼ûпôŬİɣʦǰ⺣Ұ˰
ҩ֮¡
ƿ֮·
˵ԽԽ࣬ԽԽ졣
õֵܣ˵Ļȴȫڸ˵һ㡣
ǣȴ˵ļĻûһ㿨١
ֻҪ˵ֵ֪Щ¶ûҲȱʧ
⣬ֵܣ
һʱ֮˵ͬʱͣȻǲԼͬͷĴЦ


Цܴ󣬴ȥԶǵ˲ʱĿ˹
վһȴԽЦԽƺҪЦһ㡭


106 
Ҷٵ뿪ˡ
ɹѺҩĻر߹, ھҲ˳㡣
Ǳ˳ļһ棬лһȻܿġ
֪û¾ͺá
ôûϵ˵Ǽٵġ
űһǰҶ, лһֵѹӵˡ
ٳɳˣлһҲ̫
Ҷ뿪֮귢Լүƴˡ
ʲôʱӵģǫҲԼѧľЩ̫쳣ʢˣĿһﾹȻɷҲó
һ˴̼ˡ
꣺Ҷ뿪֮үү°ɣҿ˵ѹ̫Ļᡭ̫õģ
ǫԼĺӣ֪ƨѹԽ, Խ󣬸߹ܼԺү׼㱻ӵĳʳ
ǣ
 
ѵ˵ү۵Ӳ
ĬĬȥҹܼˣԼ°ɣĻ
µףлһ뿪ȥ˺Ӽ丮
, ڸǶϽĹԺ
ǰһ¹, ȴǷֿԺվȻסˡ
лһֲòٴθ̾ƿ
ÿһΣΪԵĿ, ҡԺ֣˽š
ţζԵĿʼ
һһ֮, ÿһӦԵԱԺɾͲͬˡ
˾Ǿү˵ֻ̤ٳˣԺ·϶ǱδĻҪٵҪбͷ
οǷܻδ֪ء
Ҫ֪ж˱ΪţһҲûǰ̤һɼȹԺջжˣ
үôأΧĶˣҲûпŵˣ֪ͲֱӰϹˣȥ΢ԶһҲҪ꼱Դֱð
лһ֣ʡ£߰ɣȥʦŵĵطȥס
겻⣺үŵĵطﰡ
лһֵǲûж༱ջ˳ԼϣżΪкʱʦ͸һţҲʵվٿš
ʱлһֲûж룬ڲ֪ϵ
֪ڹѾˣʦȻһҲûᣬлһǷˡ
ĲľָԼһΰ
Ϊǰһ¹ˣ˼ұԼ硣
ʦʵֱ̫ѧˣʷˡ
ʦҪֱܹĻԼΪʦ˵ģϾǰһء
Լ̫ˣԺҪѧĶǺܶġ
ʷ˵ṩĵַ˲ʮ˲ҵ
ȽϹԺΧĿջ˵ƫƧ
Ƕлһ˵طȴǺϤ
ԺʱסĵطȻͬһӣȴĲԶͷǡ
֪Ե
ү𣿡겻үϵЦΪʲôϣүҵطܰ
лһֿ˿ӣһΪұԺ
ӦˣʦˣӦò
˵ŻŴ汻ˡ
¶һʮҵɻĿǣ˽լ벻Ҫſڣ
лһ֣үҴ˰ɣ˼ˣ
лһ֣ϵĵַٿⷿӵĲ֡
Ӧûİɣ
˼סˣʱлһҲЩˣѵĵַģԲŻҵ˼ˣ
лһֲ⣬ȴҲûϾ뿪׵ĵطȻҪʳˡ
лһְʷ˵һ£ֻ¶ĵַ˼ңַôߣ
ŵ˵껰ҪŵģֻҪ·Ϳһۣ˳
Ҳʶֵģ˵˵ָߣ·Ҳʲô¶˻Ǻæġ
лһֵͽַظһ顣
˵˰ɣ˵ľԺӣ
лһҡͷûʦҾַ
ҪǱ˿ܻдʷ˻дַ
ͼĴлһֲԼʦ᷸ڱɻʦдʱлһǲŵġ
ôܣطǡףȵȣӹգƺһ뵽ʲôеʵ
лһ֣л
лǹӼһֹӣʦǾǵλ
лһֲλô֪Լ֣Ҳûзϡ
лһֵʦһλʷ˵ڹӼѧлһֵĻӦþˣڹӼѧϰδ˺ͬͬյģ
˵һĴȣһΪҪأ
˷ͼλֱӹˡ
ϺļүүϺڴ˵ȺӣС׾ûϳӣ룡ļľҪȥлһֵȡ
굱ү
æջأСĵǣС̫ˣү£
лһְڣްô֪лһ֣ʦû˵ɣ
ģллүллүСĲ֪СľһϺ˵ȥˣⲻ
лһѺô͵ˣҲͦ׵ġ
ĵĻլﻹй£
˵кܶˣ
̫ĻӰԼİ
ڿǲȥұԺӣȥס֮ǰʱꤵ
һӾͳ˾ϲָķ»ˣ
Ŷ
лһֺһͷͼͣվλòԶ
һͣϳ˻ûɤžү˵ûӵأԭѾ˰
ףô˾Ȼףǳ˵ϡ
һ֣ţүҺҲүģΪܹүȥ棬үȥɣ
棿
Ƕʲôᡣ
ƲƲû˿ҲûмӰ
ɵأ㲻˵һأ
ȥˣүȥԺվȥţⲻûȵԷأðɣҪǲԷĻܻϡ
лһָҲ֪ʦ˼
ΪԼ廹в࣬ȴֵԼҲ·˰ʲôģʦ˰
ͨȱͨĽͳˡ
лһִȥټʦһҪúõĺʦ̸̸ڹͨҪԡ
֪һˣлһȻͲȥұԺˡ
̧˽岼ֺ֮ǰǸ࣬װޱ֮ǰǸֻпԺӵĺ˲ֹʮ
װлһִſ˼Ժӣлһ˴Ժ
ˣү˵ˣ֪ѡԺӣ鷿ʲôĶźˣлլҲˣ
Ŷлһֿ첽˴Ժ
᷿Լ鷿Ǵͨģи
˵ģİźöĶȡһԼĳ
Ȼ֪ʦʲôʱģ·ϻţ´ȥǵʱ򣬾Ͱ鶼ģεǲõˣԺͿ԰鶼ؼˡ
ЩԭлΪղõġ
Щлһֻֽ
ˣհֽ׼ˣīⶼúˣרŵĵˡ
û뵽ʦȻŵôһֱŬԼһˡ
ʦ̫ܵˣлһۿЩᡣ
жˣ


107 
ԵĿڶڰ, ʶֱΪǡ
˴οԹΪεǲ࣬ؼľÿҪ, Ҫǰһ뿼ˣʮʮսԺһճ
ǰǰɲܹͨܵˡ
³һ磬лһ־ΧԺ˼ȦԴϼ˺ͣ
үҪ, ʡð絣ĵĵ
лһ׼õˮӲһӰ죬ȥ·Ҳôţɵ㣬Ҷţ
үҪ³ԣ˵䣡곶˳ĸ첲
綯˶, үȥ, û˵
Ҳ֪үҪ³Żôĵĺðɣ
򵥳һ裬·, Ѿãܿĳ꣬ҪĶ, һǰԺ
ҲһţȻлһֲȥôˣȴǲġ
үǹҪչүģҪòǣ´λ
϶˰ԣһڴĿš
գͶˡ
ʱɫܰ
ԺſȴѾкܶŶˣлһֽӳϽӹϣǻȥɣȥŶӣҾͳɣ
١үҪȥŶӣڳٺúõЪЪ˵žҪ³ȥŶӡ
лһסòţС¶ܸɣǻʲôԣôΪΪ°ذɣ
磺ˣ𡭡
糶ϳүǻȥˣףүߣ
лһЦЦţģ
Ҫ˵ԼôˣǱȽ˽Լġ
׺Ҳ˵ߣû˵꣬ͱˡ
лһֿϲͣİŵˣɵЦһ£ȻתŶȥˡ
սǴкܶڴ˴˵ŻҲж³ܵڵ⡣
Щ˵иȴǰǽǴһֱŹԺĴǰλãЩŶǰŲĿֱֹǵĵֵΧ˶ǲͣ߿
˵ү𣿡Щŵĵ
꣺磬ǰհǰ˺˰
磺ǵүأ
žһļϣ϶аҲ򲻹ˣʲôУ
磺˵ĺе
꣺ȷʵͦе
֪һֱŵĶ鿴֪лһҲֻ̾еġ
лһִʱڿǰļʹ顣
Ϊıֽĺۼף
׵˱ϳͣ
˾ͱ۸Ѻһˣȡпȡʸ񣬻ʮǡ
һĻпЩȻˣһӣˡ
治֪ôģ
˺ԩǱֽ֣˵ԭ򣬽Ȼط
һ
غºӴ忼лһ֣ʱʮһƤף롭
лһֵһ㵽ĶͱǶˡ
ûдõĳʳǴһЩ׺һˮˮһǴԼųԵģڸ֮ģڿﵽʱ۸ȻԼĺóԣǷ㣬ٱ鰡
ʱ䰡Լˮİȫ
ϾˮĹӦοṩˮ治Լҩֲռˮȫ
Ѽ׼лһְѶãųҾϹԼĿ˿ǡ

лһһ뿼ǣդžͱ۸ˡ
ٶȣ湻ģ
ѾˣխĺŷȻǿлһЩۡ
ͳ˱лһֵĸͷ̫ߣڿҲվֱ˵ЩֵĿǶù۵Ļš
ľ嶼ȡ£ľдӵģǵӣҪЪϢ˯ʱ򣬽һƴͿԵˣǶַ㣬ЩӲЩˡ
ٿﻹ׼һ֦̿򣬺һľıͰ
Ȼõģ̿ȡůڿڼ䣬ڼԷԼǱͰȻľţлһȴȻܹŵ쳣ζ
ĳԺ˯ɣЩս԰
ſ½½ԽԽ࣬ڶŵһڻԼ䣬ء
лһֻͣ̾ԱһţҲæʼʰԼĿᣬǴëģһ鵱Ĩһá
ʼͲȥˣһֱԽ
ʰ׵Ʒлһֳĺһ
Ӵʱʼܾûô˰ɡ
ˣ

֪ʱѵſ⡣
⣬лһĬĬĸлһԼʦ
Ͷ
һλϲʦҲǲġ
ôýͷӶΣȫ״ã
꿼йµһء
ԵٶǴӾģ˴κӼ丮ٺ͸ٷֱǺԺǮ֣ڸѧʿ
࿼ֻܼ쿼ڿںŷ࿼һŲʣףϰ죡
أ۲ͣڸ֮Ѳӣල
еĿϸ⣬еٶȿģѾʼʼˡ
лһȴǲûż¼֮ϸĿһ飬ȻͲݸֽ϶дԼļҪ֪ǲݸֽҲҪһͬϽġ
һ⣬ÿҪдϣĵ⣬ͬÿϣһҪ԰ϵʫһס
ѹеĿżʼдǡ治١
лһ־ôˣдЩĿʱİϾҪˡ
˴µİţлһϸĽ֮󣬲ڲݸֽϿʼд
̫ڵ¶ҲԽԽߣһһ²ټô˶һ𣬲磬ھһƬˡ
һˣͻҪˮˮˣ׶ȥ㣬һȥˮĺȥҲûģʱ˾;öӲһĶͶ
ֻлһ֪۷ŵˮˮȵĶԼˮġ
ĿﰲɲҲ
ЩﲻסĿԼĿͣƱͰǱͰһΪżȻˡ
˲䣬Ŀζ˲Ͷˡ
ŻŻ
ٽˣѾʼòͣΪⶥ˵ζһӾͳܲ˵Ż˳
˿ʼС˻ô
Ӱ˶ˣЩ۵ȵ۴
Сˣȴûб١
ǲʧʵܲס
лһͬҲŬţһëʪһ£ֱϵԼıǿڴ赲һЩһЩİɡ
ԸտʼҪڴʱܲסˣô죿
лһֲĿҲԸ⡣
Щ°ɣ㲻ԸͲ˵ġ
лһķǳ͹ĸȻʣȴҲܰԼš


108 
֮, лһ־ͼڲݸֽϷܼ顣
ϣͱˮʪżëĨһ, ëҲûˮʪĻˮմȾֽš
ǲݸֽʦҲ˵ппܻԲοлһֶԲݸҲǼ俴ء
żͣ٣ոС֮⣬Ȧռ֮Ǻټ
ҹɫ٣лһͣһˮʰ뿼Ȼ󽫷ùıĴ, ϣֽë۾ϣҲëһ££, ˯
Χ, ĿѾţڴ
лһֵĶ, ͬһࡣ
ǶԼͬߣλĶ;ȵĽг˯, 湻İ
ǲûдҪѣ˯˲źãźء
Ŀ˼ۣЩ˼ץʱдҹɫ΢һ㣬Ͻд㡣
뷨˲٣仹ҹ飬ˣĽʰ
ûˣдҲûа취ˡ
ϣ΢˲٣лһҲʱ
һ˻ٴ⣬밡һôĵطô˵ĳԺټϰһɹջȶȣҹĿ첻˶١
賿ʱ֣¶ˡ
ʱлһ־۾
۵һƬڣͬʱ˯ˣ˯Ĳ̤ʵżĻĥаӻζ
лһֶЩĺˣŽӵ÷ڽ䣬Ȼֽʣˮëʪһ
켫ˣ
Ѽˣ
֮лһֲûϵʼдëϣԭͬʱԴûţдĲݸҪ޸ĵĵطʫݣúõĥС
һлһֵԺͽʫĶλȷˡ
ȷ˾Ͷ
лһֵ򣬽ݸֽȡᣬպī£³εʫԾȻֽϡ
ֽ֮ǰĲݸȡŸոҪ޸ĵĵط˸Ľлһȡʼд
౻
Ƿ׷㰲Ŀһ˺ܶࡣ
лһֵҲ꣬𣬴˴Щĸ첲۾ʹգ˼£̫רע۾ɬˡ
࣡
ӽлˡ
Ǹöˣ˷Ҳûҹôˣء
΢һ㣬дʰźãĲݸֽǷһ࣬ߣлһֽ¯ӵţˮĹ棬滹һѵס
ϵȿ϶
ˣΧĿȴȻ˼ۡ
ôʱ򲻸ϽпŪЩɵð˰ɣ
ɵðлһֽ׷ź֮˲ݸֽ˼·ĸ֣ݸ壬żĻľ׽һ£׹ˡ
Ũ֮ԭŸζĿһӾͱرζ嵭һ㡣
㣡
࣡
࿼Ķڴʱʼлˡ
дҹģͶ۾Щˡ
ֻųһڱһ£Щ̫óˡ
һԹлһߣȻ˷ŵĸһڡ
Ŷֻܿ
Ȼлһֽ൹ַˮڹ󿪷Ҳû⣬׿ܱˮǿ
ˮ˶ӣǽ
лһֿɲ볢ԡ
ˢҲû⿼ﻹôˡ
ԼԺȵģеˮҲеˣȻϡĹˡ
ͳһŵĸܸɣлһͽˣȻݣһ¶ǡ
ů͵ıд
¯û¼̿ˣһ̿Լˡ
ˮСӾͷ棬лһֳԱڿתȦǻˣȻ
ʱѾϸͣڵпˡ
еıлһֵˣҲǽ̿ȼҪȡ
̫ԽԽߣЩ̿һЩ˵ĶӻڣʱڵζأѲӵ۶üͷܼӬỹڿڲ߶Ŀˡ
ŻҲˣҲˣпϵζѬ̲ס˳
ô
ҵľӰѾСˣأء
۸Ѻȥˣ
·лһֵĿʱлһĵĿһۣͼǴֽۻµ䡣
Żµʱµֽˣ£ȷʵͦĵġ
ߵĿܿûٴλԽˡ
˵Ǳֹˡ
ܹ˭
ֱˣ
˭Ҳֲġ
Ҷû˭˭ãû˭˭ơ
Լ
ǰɣŻµĻ۾Ļ
λԼҲġ
ĽڿЩѹ֡
лһ̾һܿ͵Լ̬
ҪĽһҪ̬УһΪ˿ƾ١
磬ٴÿ˷һˮ
лһվڿСȵתȦټȥԼˡ
¶ǣֽʣСһ¯ϵˮȥ
ˣ
ΣϦɹر
ڣ¶ȵһ߷壬лһҲòͣģϴëѾˣٴˮʪһ£˲Ӻ͸첲һ㣬ǣڵζҲ˵
ԽԽ˵£һֿͲ¡
ζ̫壬ԺȲ¡
¶̫ߣᶼѡ
ֽǰԴͺͺ˽һȫǿհһƬ֮ǰд֣Ҳⲻˣ˵дˡ
ţ£־壬ģָΧⲿֿ˲Сϵī㣬ûעĴ̨մȾеֽ˺Զۼ뿪˿ᡭ
Ȼ뿪˿ᣬҲܹ뿪ԺģһԺŸͲ򿪡
лһˮ߶ţżͣһˮſţס
֣ġ
뵽ˣлһֽˮʱдԴЩҰ
ÿĵһǴТģ⣬лһֵԺ͸˺ܶ࣬Ҳ룬׼µĲݸֽʼ⣬壬¼
֮һǳɡ
֮󣬿ѾЩ
ҹɫ٣ڲû٣˵
лһֳ緢ĸ΢Ļ˼֮ͰѶʰãٴľϸǺñӣ˯
ĿһĻˣСҲСĺôͷԼ򵥡
λСӵϢɰ
˯
Ҳ룬˯š
뻹кöûд꣬ͽŵ޷ߡ
ţûд꣬лһҲ뷨
ûкõ˯ߣûѵͷԣЩҲֻ뷨ҪľǰЩ뷨
뷨˶Улһֱȱ˶һӵ뷨ʵֵҪԡ
ʱƴĲֹԴ뷨Լ
Ϳ˭˭ܼˣ


109 
һ, лһȻǿ쵽ʱʱѵġ
ȼ֮ͽˮһ׽ȥʱ, ˼·лһּ˼ʣһ⡣
ˣ˼·Ҳۺˡ
ʱ򣬽òݸʫùϸļ飬ȷûмɻ䣬ŷʼЪϢԷ
лһֳԹɫ, ΧĿҲѾˡ
һһˣЩѾЩǡ
кüûнء
лһǲŲæġ
ʱ䱻ŵģдݸ嵽ϣԼĵһͽˡ
ڽô
֪
Ŷ֪
һлһֽӹûг, ֻһЩˮ, ܳȥˣȥԶٺõġ
Ŀ, ж
лһֵд൱˳
һһٴϸϣȷּû©дûдֺͼɻ, СĽݸֽһԼĶҲá
ĶźãлһǰľϾֻһľֽ
ʱ䣬վ
վ
һѣһæҡ
߹ʱȴûһ˸ɵġ
վʱʱ򰡣˶Ҫء
ֽߣڵŶߡ
ţǲòߣ̫࣬ҪǶ⼷˵ʲô
οĿҲûˣһ޾ɵŲš
Ƚлһֵľǲġ
ſߣʱԺĴѾ󿪣ſڴĶˡ
еһͱ˸̧ߵģеǹڵϴޣһʧˣ֮󣬻еڱ˴˵š
ֵͦģ֪ĻΪڸϴء
үү
˴Ｗ˹
Ͱѿ˹ȥԼϣҪлһ֡
лһְڣߣû
֪ڿ죬о嶼Щˡ
磺үҷܹ䣬̫࣬ײ˶ۣ
꣺ǵǱߵţү߹ȥ𣿡
лһ֣ûհѵԼ·Ʋ
Ȼ˶ģүñһһҵľͷлһǰߡ
·ϣлһҲһֿۡ
е˹Ĳ࣬õģе˹̫ԹֿĻ̫Щ۵˺Լԭġ
лһҡҡͷĲ١
Ҳûжȥ˼ңţߵӹõĲ裬ĺ˴룬žˮƺǻˡ
ϣлһûн복ᣬǽţʵ̫ˡ
үٺȵ㣡ֽˮ˹ 
ˣȥԷлһҡͷȵĹˣһߣԼĶӶˮ졣
ǰǣүȥԼ뷹Уû칱Ժһ򿪣̧ˣӶӲˣ
лһ֣ô£
ߵⲻ˵ôŵģǹԺŲֱŴ򿪣ûȻǼ˽ˣõĲ۸ץˣĿˣѪģġ
˵䣡ͬԼүɫЩѿæס
Ҳˣ׵ļһ¡
ͦģҲ˵ʵ׸ˡ
Աߵĳԯ˵䣬үţȥ´Щֶ˺ҩҲЩţоٴһӣ
лһһ
ˣ
лһæϸ˵˵Ҳעһ£İɣҲСӣҿţǼĸűŵģ
ˣү˵ôе
лһ綼һףŽ˵˸ϸ
ԭӵһ쿪ʼ½ı̧˳ԺĴŲʱ᳨ģÿһǧ˿һιԺĴţơ
ûдǲƣֱڶ㹻ƣǸʱѾû˺
ȼ˽ȥҽݾεʱ˾Ѿˡ
֪ƵĹأǰЩĮˡ
ν޹زɷԲ
֮£ڶȴ˲Щʹ
ʮ꺮һһ˵ΣȴǵԵʱ򣬼˵ıʹ
үû°ɣ쵽ˣ굣ĵĵ
лһ֣ҹ£գ౯գֻԸðãʹ࣡
һۣȻһֺݺݵĵһס
һҪĻҲǵүôѹ֪᲻ӰĿӴ
ҪӰĻ׾Żȥүʰɣ
ף˵Լ˵Ҳඣ
˵õĴǺֵأ
үɫѿһΣױ뷨ҲԼˡ
ǵү˵ɣֱ
˱Ժ
лһһ׼õԡͰһˮ裬ȫƣȥŰݡ
Ҳ׼˷ˣлһȴֻһףȻͽҪ
ΪҪ
һһֱ˯ڶϡ
һĹͷǿ졣
ү𣿺úЪһЪɣҪأĵڶһүࡣ
лһֻ·ܲȥ˯ˣ
Ŷæ˳ȥ
һȦһĺо˺ܶࡣ
˸裬ԹлһٴǰԺ
ʮյĹԺſڣԵĵڶʼ
ʱſڵȺŵˣȵһʱһӡ
үÿţڼҲû£ҪʵҪҩʲôģ˹ݸǸ͹ȥŤһ·ˣлһּȥŶӵʱ򽫻˵˳
лһ֣ǾͲҵõģᵽһģ
ҲæǲϣһһأүǧӲŰͻôСоٿҲģ
ԣһֱͷʱ˾ͺ˵һٱ飬׼֨
Ҳ˵طȥ˭˭ơ
лһ֣Ҫ֪⼸һﲻԼ⻰ʱܻ̲סĻȭͷġ
ΧŶӵĿģ
лһԼĹҵĿЦİɣĶ㹻ˣ
εˮɶĲˮҩֲռҲбҩҪʵĻҲĵԼȥ
ܲԼô׵Ĺ˵ġ
ȴȻģһֱлһּѼˣһֱĶлһ֡
лһˡ
ڽ빱Ժ֮ǰ˵ķʹĵ˵ͷҼˣĻ˴ǲҪ̫ż
õģү
ߣү
Цĺܿġ
׸ǲͣʹĻӣģЩɡ
лһֵȴůůġ
ʦɸԼģദȴĵĶԼá
׵Ƣ˵㣬ԺദȴȻǺͶƢġ
лһ˶Ǻܲġ
Ȼ۰Ͱ͵ĿߣлһҲǻ˻ӣ˼ǸϽȥ
һ棬ҲһĿˣǵ Ҳһ£Ȼлһ־ûбҪ
ԼͻҽǲóǲԼҵô죬а취ġ
׿лһֳ߻ӣȴǵүͬˣţ
꣺ǳɣͷҸͷ
磺
׺꣺үؼң
ͬģɣ
Ҫ֪һһȾһһҹĻлһֿ϶ɿڡ
ʱлһѾͨѼ죬Լĺŷ


110 
ʮ, Եڶ徭ɷΪ⣬֮Ϊش, گСھһҪ00ϡ
ε֮٣ȴǱȵһѳö࣬ⲻֻᱳĺõġ
ɲִˡ
ۻҪѣشʲôģеƫģҲͲдˡ
ٽ֮ⷢ󣬾ڿתȦ˿
лһֵĿԿıȱ˵Զӡ
٣أǲ֪дΣ
Ͼᱻ, ݸֽдϺ֣ҲֻżĿһ
лһڿʼڲݸֽдʱкܶĿץأҪľķǷأ
лһҪ֪ٵ뷨ĻһһЦ
϶û⣡
ڴʱڲĿľǵĺôֳ, ǿʷ顢伮ʹǼ¼, ڽⷽʱźܴİ
лһⷽⲻǧˣ⻹Ҫлʦˡ
ٴлʷ˵⺣ս
ǧ, ԣ
οѾϸĽˡ
ʱлһ־ͽݸˣ, Щǵ̫Ѩһˮ۷ŵĸùĳ
֮󣬻һ֮ëմˮһȻ̫ȣ֪ǲҪˣ
ꣿ
лһһ뵽ֿܣԴе㵱ˡ
Ҫûд⣬ˣɲ̫á
ʱ䣬ôطһɡҲ˽
οµֻҪһˣһʱҲ겻ˣʱطˮʱ΢һǻζٱˮһ塣
ζ϶˰
һ뵽ܣлһ˶һ衣
ǽԼ϶뾭ġ
ĵѣһԺÿĥŽһҲ̫ߣ˵
ˤ
лһָоԼһӾˡ
뵱Ȼˣǰãĵ¡
һ£ëֲһͿʼд
ҹȻ£ϰϰ
˿ʼҹս
лһȻ ʰãԼ˯ľ棬Լñһɣ¼˯
գлһԾѵһӵԵʣҲбѵԭ 
ƺˣĺХѹЩ
ӣ̿ţֽˮţԼǹűϸĿţţֱܹȷˣὫҪ¼Ȼɫͷˡ
¼֮󣬾ŵһ׽ζ
ˣһĶùȻ˶ɡ
ֻݸȥˣȻǽˡ
лһæСëŶ˵˵ϣȻľһȻˡ
Ĳֵ̫һˮĺĵطһǸǹ͡
Ĵһڷ߳˳ţζҪãЩ͡
ҪǾ͸ˡ
лһ룬ڿ﷭˷ҩֲռȡһʱٳһڣڹͣڸУ
СĵĿΧʱΧǻ谵һƬԼҲǷһǵģҪĶףЩҲܼǵЩʲô
ϾôأҪǶҲǺġ
ûעԼлһֽǵһЩֽһ࣬սҩֲռ
Ŷ˽Ȼ󣬿ԡ
һСûк꣬ʣС룬лһִ緹ټӵˮտ˾͵ϡȡ
ࡣ
ΧһƬĶӵĽװ΢нζŨˡ
ҹĿǷ׷ŶлһȴѾˮˣԼǽݸɫơ
磬лһֺȵѾº˵ˮǰ컹Ҫȣˮһ磬ûһֱź¡
ʱֹлһ֣Ҳеĸоˡ
緹Ҳûԣһֱڴˡ
Թлһּ٣лһְѸˣýĲݸ嶼дꡣ
ʰãһлһְʣµ¡
죬һȵ糿лһָűһͷĺ
ֱˡ
ʰϣлһںһſʼˮ
ûˣĻǲ㡣
ˮ緹лһٴμһݸ壬Ȼʼд
ȻȣںƣǱѬĺء
лһȴͷҲ̧Ŀʼдż½ºˮʱͣһҲûС
緹ĸҲûгԣ۷ʲôλãڱ߶Ҳûжһ¡
ûճˣһҲôţȵˮˡ
ҪĶ࣬û̫ôȣѲ²⡣
Ҫ˰
лһһæдĴڣֻǲûклһƵĵһ
ԣлһдʱЩڼŬ顣
ֽʰãʰԼĶ
ʰŶأͻȻ˷磬ڶõһͻȻͰ
ûĿʱЩԽдľԽ
ǣԽԽҲֻܹˡ
лһ˼΢ȻԼڵĽĺƹҵ˿档
ܿ죬ۿˣȡлһֵľֽͲݸֽһպãվϼ¼֮󣬾۹лһֵĿŴˡ
ǰվϣǰ뿪ˡ
۸ոճ˿ʹ䡣
ž
ڵϣҳһѿӣһϾͻˮ֮ǰѿӲˡ
汻ʪлһѾ˹ԺŴһ䡣
ѾвٵڵˣӵĵطһȴǼɢ
ΪֻһˣŵģΪǸλЩһΣܿͰǸŵ˸ʪˡ
ȥ˿ǵ˺ͬģ̫ˣлһɡҪ߹ȥͱԱߵһסˡ
ǱŵڴʱҲǿ˼һԣԶĿʶľԱλΧˡ
лһֿ˿û£ҿһЩҽģ
ҽ飿ֵܣЦˣ˺ɲǺģСü˵ģλϴƣ;ᣬȻסлһ֡
ǿ̫С˲Żѡ
лһֵҲǲʶģҪôĲܲˣ
̫˰֮ǰ˵Ļʱ̬Щˣۿܼ黹ܲˣԺпĻġ
лһֳλЦЦû£Ҿǿ
˵ǿлһֹȥ֮ȴǽλܿλãܱⱻˮˡ
λҡͷڵ˰̫ˡ
ܾ֮䣬лһΪ߲ͻ
뵽˵顣
֮󣬼ԶԶģЩġǰ˺ģǸָԭ򱻼ܳġ
λӦǲˡ
Ժţͱлһָһˮ
ȷʵӲȥģλʶѾЩɢˡ
ˮ֮Ŀ۾лһֵʱȴᡣ
ҡ뺮ԼѾ˵ģүүˣͷǰΪ˰
뺮һлλСֵܿǾһأ
лһˮȥ˵ˮҪᱻ֪
ཹཡ
뺮ֵôȥͲ°ĳô
ôҰĶȻоĪУǡֱˣ


111 
ң
żлһ, 뺮Сסˡ
Ժƣųлһַŷ뺮˳
ǡ뺮, ֵܹգ
лһ֣
֮л뺮Щĵ
лһ쿴˿ãͬƿԵݣһɡһˮѣ
뺮ûݶȴǶҪסġ
ҪһˮһɡԼҪڹԺˡ
Ǿ쵽˲, ǰˣлһֳֵļʱܰԼܹˡ
뵽뺮һӾƽ
ûڵԼš
лһ֣סˣ
򵥵ҽ, ûŵͣ, ƺԽԽơ
һԺĴţȫʪСܵ˷뺮ǰ
١ү, ǡСЩɵˣүɫò
뺮һ˷纮
СˣүȥؿջҺǰ˴򣡡
Сæ
뺮һӱС˸˹ȥ, лһֽɡƫƫ岻ãʱɡŰɣԺٻң
лһֽɡ˷뺮˵СҲܵ·ʪ͸ˣ뺮ҪٱһĻ˵ӻʲô
һ̣뺮ûп
ԼȻˣٶö˵һɡôˣ
ɡе󣬿ڴʱ뺮ȴ֮˺ܶ࣬ͨɡҪһȡ
Сڵõɡͨ˲һ
С˴лæŷ뺮ˡ
үɫˣҪǸոձŵˣͽүȥˡ
ҵүӴôɡˣ·ʪˣʱһ˹
λ˷纮ҪɡлһĨһ
հɡֵлһֵͷһŻˣүǸϽȥ򣡡
лһ֣ңǱˣ
纮ر״ȾϽģ˵лһ־ߡ
ԶҲڿлһ֣һš
˳֮лһֲͣĴ磬Щˡ
ͣҽǰҽѾĶˡ
Ҳûе̫ã󲿷ֶǷ纮֮ץҩûģرٶȡ
лһҲһ纮塣
һһȵģ˸Ⱦ
ץҩлһֵ˳ϣЩɵˡ
ϴˮ裬ֳ˵㶫лһһմͷԴͻĺܿ˯ˡ
ҩȴôҲвүˡ
ҩҪȵġ
纮Ҫ˵Ļɲһҩܽ£أ˵ġ
׶˹˷лһ֣һĽһҩȥ
лһҲԺţ۾Ҳû
˶ŵˡ
ʶҲû˰һ£үһҲ뿪ˣͣʪˮëүϵĺ
лһֵʶڿռҲ̾Ϣ˵Լûùأⱻһˣ˰ǲܵɪ
ⲻһɪ鷳ˡ
عʶ˻ȥϢǼ֮ûгɹ
лһ־Ͱҩֲռһ£ٿΧǽʮֵİײ˺ܲɵЩԴ
ʲôʱԵ갡
ܲ˷ѣ֮˼ͣҲҩֲռﲻʣҪ
һҹĳ˯һҹĺ
ѵʱѾǵڶ賿
ϣлһûȥܲ壬Ȼûо÷գһҹĻеͷؽĸо
࣬һҩִҩһЩʳڿ˵ĵ֮ٴ߽˿
үȰô죿
үͻСȻҪ˾ٿ
лһȴģŬ꣬Ҫ֪Լʵġ
һˣҲˣʲôأ
ֻеСðѣûʲôҪСֵġ
ʮ壬Եĵڳ
ˣҲţֱ֮ӾѼš
֮ȴûΪζ෴ӵζŨˡ
һҹ꣬ͨһЩлһҲŻοء
һŬӦ˺һˡ
лһֽⳭ
ڳǵʣҪѧ漰ʱ񷢱Լļͽ֮ɷ֮ڡ
ΣûֵҪ
лһȴǾѶȸ
ȫǷԼˣ£дԽԽãȻˣͬˮƽ£дȻҲӡֵġ
ټԼ̫Ѩʱʱļ£лһһָоһľҪˣ
ԴʱĲѣ̫٣лһֵԼΪ纮ٴԣԣлһһʱͽʵĲݸˡ
д꣬лһֿ˿ѾڵϣˮʪЩ˵ĸǳ˳飬߹дľϡ
̿ţлһպˮѸһȥֽҩˮȺ¡
ͺÿ࣬лһһǷζ˺ܶࡣ
ͻȻһӾȣԴ϶ʱͳ˺лһĨһѣǡ亹
лһֶʱ;ò̫ˡ
ûٷ˰ɣ
Ļֻ⡣
룬װڿҶҩֲռѳƷĸðҩ˳һԡ
Ҫʵڷ˵Ļ͵ó¡
£պҩٳԡ
׼֮лһֵ̿ûϨ޸Ĳݸͬʱһֱˮ
ðˣһĽ취ˮ
ˮĽǣڿıͰ򿪵ĴԶ
ζŨлһֶˡ
죬ҹƺһЩ
ɫһʣĸڿʵǳԲݵûκζĸˡ
ôӼĳʳһ֣򵥵ĳһ㣬ֽڿĸðҩ˹źˮʱȥ
ҩ֮лһ־͸ϽʰԼĶеľֽڿȻֽɡľϣýԼͿסôһǵ©ˮҲ˾ֽ
һжʰãлһֽùıԼϣ¾˯
Դµ죬۾óһлһ־˯ˡ
ƺͻȻһʲôû壬ʶһӾˡ
۾ͻȻЩ۵Ĺߡ
۾ٴǳĺᡣ
˯˶ã
Щ˯Ժ˵лһҲˡ
ǣǹҴˣҽģһȥɣ󡭡أ
һ˻ʵ꽻ƾͱҪȥߣ
⣬ԶȥҲ˵Ľкˡ
һ죿
̫յĺᣬٿϲ֪ʲôʱͳ׵ĸɺˣлһֵԴȴͻȻ֮Խѡ
˯һһҹƴ˵ĻӦá˰ɣ
ƴˣ
뵽лһֲٵ佫ľɾڷ룬ֽûκεգһ
պīᣬд
ȫעȫκθš
лһֵרעһֱƪʵȫдϣд޼ɻվ콫ƹҵԼĿ⡣
棬á
лһȴ˿ûиоůһһȵļ尾Ե
ſ֪Լô߹ģǼԺĴˣлһ־˶ǽǴˡ
ڹԺſڣŹԺơ
лһ֣û°ɣԴ˵˵
û£
ôܣ£˵
лһַ̧̧ƤģЩ˵ĳࡣ


112 
㡭˭лһֵɤЩɳ, ˺ܴʳ֡
лһԺĿ˿ǰˣӰЩ죬˭, һӾȻ벻ˡ
պͿ˰ʱˣҷȥϣǷ뺮ˣţˣ̨æֵܷұϣлˣ
뺮һлһ֪Щˡ
ΪлһֵĲֻԱߵĿæŰлһַŵ, Ⱦܣܻ߽ţ£ֵܲˣ£µĺ˶߹
ò˵⻰˵ļġ
ӵߵĿ, һӾÿһ㹻뺮ͨ·
ܴҶ̫, ˼Լһûʲôġ
ο, ˼Ҷ˵
ûļ黰ȫƣڿҲ̹ˡ
һţ뺮ͱС˸ˡ
ү, ǡ
ֵܲˣ˭лһֵͯлһֵͯ뺮Ľе
СˣûǴĻǰүĶ˺λ֡ţư
뺮ԼС˾Ȼ񣬵ȵûˣ
ŶŶлһֵͯлүˣ
лүͯɹѽ
ССڴŵʱСĲӱһ󺺸סˣŵС˵Щﶺˡ
ǰҼүôˣ˹˵Ĳ׻˭
үǲȰ۾ˡ
뺮ϳˣлһֵͯͰ˽˹ȥȴлֵȥҽݣҽȥö
˵ȥ
ﻹ˵ʲôлһ־սǴȥͣء
Ϊлһֵ壬һλڳˡ
Ҳ˲СˣɿҲˡ
˼ֻͷλֵ鷳ǽ͵ϵұԺлˣ
˵ʮתҲˡ
СС䶼ˡ
үܻȥˣҪˡ
Ҳˣˡ
ΪһԼǶļʼУ
ʱ뺮ˡ
СͽĻظһ飬뺮͵ؼң
үǲȥұԺͶҪСһ˸͹ȥ С䲻ĵ
С¶Ӧòүһ˲Ŷԡ
뺮̾ϢһС䰡ԴʲôʱܹתĿһ㣬ؼˣҿ챻ѬˣϣУȥлֵܣǰˣϣ߰ɣ
СɻıſүȴǸһɵıӰˡ
ŤͷͬıſС˵ˣ
СһлүĶȥݷһ
ΪʲôүȵѵӦݷǼү𡭡
С˵ʹߴٵϽĸϣô໰ӰɣҲͱôӵˣ֪
Сҡҡͷ֪
С˸ۣٶ˵Ťͷˡ
ʲô
Ȼ
ˣҲôһ²ү׼û뵽첽ȥ
лһַˡ
ϵĴһ˵룬˸ա
׸ȥ˴ҽݣѾջ˵лһ̧ҽŴҩ˶ͷ󺹵ֱתȦ
գ
ֽ˶ŵˡ
Ҫ֪һʱпΪ纮ȥġ
˿ţȥֱ֪š
ʷ˵飬ܿͼ֪½ɽԣ֪лһֵ˷纮µǸղʱ½֪Ķ˺ü
λֶӿŶο佱ĴڰҪڸǳ¶ɲð졣
ֻǴʱֵԴ󿼣֪Ŀ˼棬ϾͰ˹ܼҴŸĴһǰҽݣһٶҪлһֵ岻˺
֮Ǿ˵Բܱճë
֪ŵĴλҽݵϴʶ֮󽻴Լҩ˾ͽлһֽӻұԺ
ȻǸһ˱뾲ڱԺȻǱҽﰲˡ
һҹڶ糿ȥ
ȥЪϢˣһϣǰϴˣʵһֻҪСһжͻϰԵ˺ҲͲȥˣһһϰ
ȴǲ˿ͣЪĿתĶŴŵлһ֡
¾һ㶯ҲһһէæǲҪֻҪˮ
ճճģɤֱð̣Դ˵죬лһʶعĵһо
һҹлһֵʶѵģ˵æµҲֻһֱҩֲռ
֮Ǹж˷ܡ
ΪûжҩֲռˣβƽأǽʮĶˮ
ɲÿԼˮĹˮԼųġ
ˮﻹһЩ㣬Ȼ࣬ȴǺܴԺʱʱĳԵʵˡ
ŵʱһЩŵȥιţаײܲҲôܲˡ
ˮΧĸһЩһˮͲԼˡ
ҩֲռҩһ磬ʱ䣬һһԵĿյϣĶԽԽˣۿſյضôõˡ
գлһֽײ˵غܲظճһĶصã㹻ˡ
Ҿãлһ־æ˶ãʶعʱ򣬻ЩãȻ
һûзӦء
үоôлһˣæʵ
ҲһϲĿ
лһ죬ȴûмɤ̫ɣơ
붮ϽԱŵˮ˹һ׵ιлһֺȥ
ˮ̣ˡ
һˮȥлһ˼
ȡȣöˣˣɳƵедԣĸȴĺ۾
㱻үſˡ
лһֵȥϢɣ
үЩ࣬ǲ۵ģﶼû¸ɣ
˹һֱŵİࡣ
θů
лһֻöˡ
ڹԺ˯һһҹˣ˯ôãŹ֡
¶ǣлһֺһҩ¡
ڲˣǻȥЪţʱû£ſˣ˭չңǲǣ
һү˵
棬ү¾ͽһ
лһֵͷۣҪ˯ˡ
˳ţţ˻ȥЪϢˡ
лһֲû˯˯ˣҪ˯ˡ
ֽҩֲռʰ
ԽԽ࣬бҪƬˡ
磬һȷûٴգĻľУŷ
½֪Ϊٶڸľ뿪Ծɹܼ˺öಹƷ½˵һΣлһֻԵḶ́ұԺﶼˣûŮ죬½Ͳˡ
֪лһˣ½ִ˹ܼҹ˳ʳͲƷ֪κȱٶ
лһùܼҴΪתлԼ֮ٵл
ܼæӦ£Ҳڰ̾ү࿴꣬˵±ԼүҪϳء
ʮ˵磬ұԺ˷ÿ͡
ǴССŪͿķ뺮
ͬʱģһ󳵵ĲƷڷŵһѵĶлһֵüͷͻͻͻ˺ü


113 
лһ֣ңôණ, ûоﲻԾ𣿡
뺮ֱˣʲôǼȱľˣ
лһ֣ȱȱ
˼Ҵ˺ˣԼԺҲûȥ, ʵڲеʱʹҩֲռó͹ȥˡ
̸ŵ֪ҴϾȻǾ̵ģһǻ̡
Ȼạ̊́ȴҲܹ˰ۣǮôţǮһʿǾǴ˵͵ȡ
ӷ뺮үү̵ű˶ȥҴӴ˳̽硣
, ÿƾ٣ߣɡ
ôţ뺮ӾͺͳҲһˡ
뺮Խ˵Խǲ֪ûбҸƵˣһʮж, ʮŮ, ֻңΪֻһ˿, ûпϣүүĲˡˣֱҪ̫ң
лһ֣
ȷʵͦ, ˭һĹأ
ҲŶ뺮Լ
ڼÿ춨ʱᣬܿſ˵ٰ˺ܶࡣ
һлһҲ֪˷ҵķΡ
뺮ͬҲ֪лһּҵֵİ
СûҲһ²˵ˡ
ҲʵԸˣȻеССڡ
лһС˵ĳһٷʵлһڲ˳Ե壬÷뺮ҲޣŻֱ˵ͦɿڡ
Թ뺮͸ˣߵʱ໥˱˴˵ĵַʱ໥ݷһ¡
лһ廹ûлָûгţ罫˳ȥ
үүһûҪʵƲȥ֮ЩƵĵ
뺮Ķ̫ˣлһֻеģ˻ȥģأһҲû˻ȥ
лһ֣Һ֮ȥݷûɣ
ǻȣܲܰ׵˼ҵĶ
뺮ҲҪύ˼ģлһֶƷҲǧ֮⡣
ǣүҪȥݼ½֪𣿡ʵ
лһҡҡͷ֮˵
Ժľ֪ӦҲûյġ
Ժ
֪˻ûգΪʱ
Ȼ½֪ľΪӼ丮֪š
ľӰĽеͲݸдٽľٲģ֮ȫϸĲתٵ
ʱǮֺѧʿǰһѾȫϸ
ΪˣǮֵڵһ㣺ͣԣʲôأ
ѧʿξˣǮֺαô
Ǯ֣һĳƨ˵ջҪǱټȥˣܽ
ѧʿ֨ˡ
ֻǸȻ࣬Ǯֵ˼ˡ
ΪֻԼ֪β۵ĿЩٳģǻԳģ
ֹǺӼ丮ģĸǵĿҲǻϳģֻǲͬĿ֪ˡ
ƣⱻȦϸĴɵĽơ
ڹٳϻ߱ȽȣٲˣҲʲôͻı֣ԳȻϣҪˡ
ֻǣҪʲôأ
²
Ϊ²ϵ˼ǮֲƵϻ
ѧʿֺγ뷨
һŵĹ˾ǰľٸŵĲᡣ
ûѺùģ
ʣΪĿˣľǸϸˣ³һĲرλ˸ʰˡ
½ɽһԣ൱ 
ЩԼµԱ֪ȷʵÿ
ǮƲ˼дľӣŵӵĽ䴦
ѧʿһã⼸ĩβĩûˡ
ʱľﴫʱĻ߿
ȣ⣬һЩᡣ
ѧʿһǮ֣ǮŤͷ
ѧʿҡͷλھǿ൱ȵģڿʵǱˣȻϵҲˡ
ľǱ߹ȥ
ô£ľܴŭ˵ľѧʿ
ŵľæվˣ治ǹģݴЩò⣡
ѧʿһЩˣŶȡ
ЩľٶģܱЩòģȷʵټ
һдİĺԾݵѧʿϡ
Ȧ治ͬ棬һҲûд򣬲ҲǼλľ۵ԭ 
һΪǼõĲɣֵôؼ
һΪݴϽͨ
˭Ҳ˵˭ΪˣŻֳӡ
Ǽæģѧʿһ۾ǮֵԱߡ
ľһżȥľ
̫ϿǲԸκһλвŵˡ
ѧʿչһĴ˲ۿһۣ
ǮͷƣĵţʲôĴܹһأ
ô˵ǮҲûгɣתƵϡ
ȻǮֵı˲ͱˡ
⡭⡭֮˰ˣҵȿԽˣ
ѧʿǮȷλҪҵȲ´ˣпҪ֣ɱһЩƽӹ֮Ÿˣ
ǮȴǰڣϵıҲһЩң˵ʱԶƵǮĳͷϣĲ˵ҲֵǮĳһжûпôֱԸ˵д־˰
˵ŻǮ־ֱݴϳд֣ؼ
ѧʿһ֮󣬲ɵЦЦԽ󻹲СᣬаɣһΣһҪǱˣʹǶȥĳҲΪ˾Ϊأֵ
ѧʿҲ컭ˡ
һȷˣ
λٵؼľȻͲþˣٴȡ֮涼ǻ˼֡

ľϣ
˵ԭͲݸȡ֮󣬲ſ֣ǮֺѧʿɵһЦ
ԭ뵽ģ
ھ˵λͯ䣬κˡ
οǰλΪʦʦָεؼȷʵǽˡ
¶ʮһŰա
ԺſһΧˣΧĲ;¥Ҳˣǵſġ
Щûлڿŵлһ֡
뺮һ͹һͬˣлһȴǾܾˡ
ɽȥ˿
ôûˣһء
컹ǸоȫȻͲˡ
뺮лһݵĲӵС뿪Ժһȥȥˡ
ڼţɰ첻̫ˡ

лһҲе㼱
İһ£һԼҩֲռƺͿƿйϵ
֮ǰûⷽ⼸̫ˣǰǰļŵʱۺһ£Ͳڡ
ǰÿοѧʱţڣÿοƿ֮дš
ԭأ
ڻ֪
лһֽ¶´ο֮ǰúõĿ֮ͷ˰ɣ
ʱԺҪ˰ɣ
أ
ЩСŰ
лһֿ򸮳ǹԺλãϵܶ䣬ڴеš


114 

һ޴Ŀ޵, ʱȦȦӵΧۡ
еЬӲȵҲ֪ΪǰȥһЩ, ҪϵֿϸԭҪҵԼһ
Ѱ˲ʮ飬ҲûмԼֵģĬĬļȺ˸û˵ĵطǽѹ
ڰϵģǸ˵Ĳѡ
¾ĩߣҲһĳ߸ߡ
ˡأ֮ʹ飬̫ѵˡ
ҹĥܹӲŹĶǺú
Ȼ, ǵĿڰϵһ̣̲˵ķй
̫ˣ̫ˣүˣүˣȺͻȻһļεͻȻĽе
꣬㿴ˣأһûҵҲʵ
û, ı˵ľ, ܹʱȺɢ  û뵽, Ȼȱ꿴ˡ
Цţһ۾ôİһ¾Ϳүˣ
ۣİ, үǵһ̫ˣҲʹԴ
磺ˣߣȥүϲ
ߣϣȥҳȥҳȥе𾢣ŲĲȴࡣ
Ϊʵ̫ˡ
ò׳֮󣬸һۣЦսǴƥȥ
ǼЬ𣬲·ӵʱ򣬲֪ô˺𣬲ԴϵͷͼƵ
ʲôģȥ֮ү϶άġ
˻ʱлһڷصⲽͬʱܹĵ׵ǹԽԽԵĽѹһѹ
һ죬˾˽
үˣˣ
ͷ
Ԫ
ϲү
ϲү
үϲ
лһ֣ģˣ
һ̣лһ˶оҪƮˡ
Ƿ֣Ǹ˵ġ
ᣬȷ˵ʱĵǷݸȻǲԶġ
ү׼һ°ɣһϲˣ
ãȥ׼ɣǼÿͶӣˣ⣬ԼҲúðһ£
лү
Ц֪үʹ͵ġ
ֹǣԺҲǵͣȻˣ˶ǡ
Ҳرĸˡ
ϲĺܿ죬һÿˡ
ϲлһԵһ
ϲлһүϲԪ
ˣ
Ԫ
ΧһЩסҲ׷״Ӽ˳ڱϲ˵Χ˹лһ˽ԪһĶء
ʶôˣӰǲϲ
лһҲл
ϲ۸ÿ㹻ǮֵǺûҪǮġ
лһֲСﶼǶģȻˡ
ϲˣԺﻶЦһƬ
үԺҲүˣ
˶ýү
лһֿϲͿпѡ
ĥɹֹɷˣ
Ŀƿ֮·ĥ˵ġ
ҲЩһֱڶ壬Ҫ͵һЩĻԼΡ
үҪ𣿡꼸˻ЦţүɫЩѿүˣϾʵ
æţүܾͲôˡ
лһֳһ׼һЩ¹ȥݷ½֪зҲҪȥһΣ뺮𣿡
үүӦûǶûп֣
ҲҪȥģлһһˡ
Ӧûһ仰û˵ǾҪ˵ĻүӦܹˡ
үǽԪϲģԽ󣬱ϲԽǰ
οȥʱүȷʵǷԸҪ뺮εģֻǿ˺ܶ飬ûҵˡ
һֱϣ뺮һˣȻЦȴЩΡ
˵ģ뺮ȷʵûУĩҲûȥ
ǺлһִеģҹҪ뿪ˣǰ˵һûж˵뿪ˡ
лһһֱ͵ֿڴŷ뺮Цų뿪
лһ֣үۻذɣ̫ˣ
үӹڿĺܰҪǱٸˣֵ
лһֵû£粻䣬һܺţ
ɲʱ򣬹𻨶ˣﻹвţڽֵϸ㣡Цŵ
лһֵ˵ͷ
ԵķŰ֮ʱֵƮ֮ʣֳƹ񣬵Ƿǳˡ
ĺһ뺮뿪ʱС׿һЩ
үѲ¹磬·ҪڳȥһףʱӦǰ˵ģѵ
лһֿ˿Լ·֮ǰû⣬ϸһеˡ
һֱûעԼߣʮôܸˡ
ߣһȥ򣡡
¹絽ʱ֪λٴˣлһֿ϶ܴ̫ˡ
ЩС·ˡ
ȥ·ǱģǲʣǱҲ޸ĵĲ÷죬΢һ޸Ҳ̫ѡ
˵߾ߣˣк̻ܶġ
ǳµʱ˶Ĳˡ
Ű֮˵ȻҪϲ
ûģҲҪԼ´ϣᾫͷҲУ͵οһԼˡ
ţ
Ѿ͹ȥˣܻǻȥ磬·ߵ̫Ȼվ˸ӿˣ
˼ͻΪǸø߰
ȻึˣҲ첻ȥ
ٹһЩʱմȥͨżӵĻпǵˣŻ·ء
үõģǱ߻õ˹ȥϲģڼѾ֪ˣүǺү˿϶رˣ簲ο
лһ뵽˲ɵЦЦӦˣ
Ǹ񲻵˲ֹرˣررĸˡ
лүڵ֪ԼԽԪʱ򣬲˵ıȥ
лð˰
ʱ򣬲ֹºӴĴģлүԼҲֹһεô
Һðһʹûó¡
үʹˣϲǹݶ̼ܵ
ڼ˰οļʱûүӳ¡
ǸˣڵȴĽѡ
رоܹλܹԵһȡ˵ģлһΨһһ
ϲٵºӴ屨ϲ֮лҵ˾ûжϹ
ʶĲʶĶأ䶼ûпŵġ
͵ĻǴ
лүӵͺл־˵ˣŲգ
ͨû⣬̫صĻǾ;ԲգΪӰ˹ǰ̡
л־ȻĽȥ
е̫أӾҧһίľˡ
պЩۣôõĶ
Ҳ֪ⱾͲǵģһ£ת۾͹ȥˡ
˵ĶԼӵǰȣ϶ǰҪ
Ϊлһֻûл磬ԹлҵصҲûжය඼뿪ˡ
еڲҲûкȣ˵ǳԷˡ
Щл־ӶǼ¼ģ϶Ҫ͵ģʱһ롣
˵ĸ뼤лһ١
ɵĺ䶯Ҳлһ񲻵ģʱлһҲûЩ
ΪܿҪؼ


115 
¹
֪½ɽǮֺѧʿһϯ
ھ˶Ĳѡ
һνĽӴôĹٰ, ҪǱٿ۵ĻݸʦҲǲܵġ
ܿ죬ǾʶԼˡ
ϯһס¹ʫʼ, ½֪ƺλǮ˵˼仰ĻȻûˡ
Ǯֺѧʿڴ˴˻᲻ӦΪǰϯˡ

ȫһ
ȻǲһҲӰ°˵໥Ϥ
ڿлһʱǴΪԾرС
ôľ˰һСԪģԺҲпΪ˿϶ǲܵġ
ǲܹΪ֪, ûȥˡ
ͬƾˣ˵ҲΪ׽ġ
˼ҶºͣҶҲЦ
лһСûбȰƣ˻ٵĶˡ
뿪ʱлһǳԱˡ
ǰһֱС˵, ܳԵ, ̫ˡ
ͬƸлһ־˵Լ
лһȺү, ȾҪ𣿡
лһ֣øģ߰ɣ
¹ؼҵģԽҪȥ֪ݷˡ
ڼ˼ӶԼΪչ˵ġ
֪á
лһּ½ɽԷ, λĹˣȻǰ볡Ǯֺѧʿ
лһһ˵񶼿˹ 
лһֵߵ˼䣬˵ѧλˣ
΢΢һת½ˣһл½ˣ֮ǰһֱл˼£
½æЦŵֶˣӦģӿǴˣ
ˣлһҲЦЦ
½˵˵ͷ½֪ǱߣҵȥƲ׼ôˣ
½ɽԵȥɣ౸嵭ģһܳԵȥģ
תͷлһֵһְոλ˻ڿ佱أ
½ԳǮֺѧʿǱʩһȻԺȥ
½뿪ˣлһֲ
ѧʿһˣѹֿű֮ǰҪһЩ
лһæվѾˣʹ˹
˵ҲʦˣѧʿЦ
ǮһԺȻƵһ䣺ҪСӵİʦҪʷǲͬأ
ѧʿ
Ŷˡ
ǫλʷ˿ɲǺ˵
лһЦЦʦһ̵ֱѧģλһ֣ʦ˵δмɻ֮
ǮԼĺӣǸصģΪͻἱͷأ
лһ֣ô
ʵڲ֪ô˵Լ˵
˵ĻʦǱȽϤģûе⡣
һлһֲ֪ԭǮֺ½ɽԼʦͬƽʿҲǱȽϤˡ
ѹ˵׽ӡ
лһ½Եġ
ȵľлһִģЩҩֲռһʱģζŨ㡣
ǲô˵ǮҲǶ˼
ϯʱ򣬻лһ־ƣҪؾǺȣʵƺͨľƲ̫ˡ
ھô꣬Ҳûкȹôζľơ
лһֵͬ⣬˵ʱ͹ȥǮ־Щ⣬¶ȴһҲͿϾҪõ
ΪһǾҪ뿪Ӽ丮ؾǸּˡ
лһֵϱԺȥ
ãھȥҪǮֱ˵ǿɲÿҪСĶѧʿ
лһֶƱѧʱ½Ͳչ˺ö죬Ҳû˵ҪǮλ½ʦˣƾТ˳λģ̸ƿɾѧˣѧƣλ˾Ув
Сӱͷ˵ˣǮֶƣлһ˵һ֣һͷͺһɾ
ѧʿЦЦҲӣˣ
λˣ½֪ȻҲܸɿţͬˡ
лһֱﵹıͲ࣬Ҳˣ
лһֹӽ˴˵ĹϵǮҲǺȵĸˣȻлһֻؾٺһ١
лһЦȻӦˡ
ʲôʱȣǷȣǻҪʱʵ˵
ӱԺʮ̳Ӿƣߵ֪ĺš
½֪̳Ǯֺѧʿÿ˸̳ǶǴ˹ģҪġ
οлһ־ƻȱ
ǮֺѧʿǱ˸ŻȥЪϢģ·ЩΡ
ǣлһҲˡ
½ ҾҪؼˣȥǲμӻԣݻͲôãҪڼһӵġ
½ɽѹʦ֮ǰ㣬ǰȥǣεĻԿܻе仯ͲˣԺеʱ
ãһ֪ˣˣ֮ǰһطŪЩԼȵģûʲôöģ̳ƾ͸ﳢߣŮӺҲǿԵģлһָ˵꣬ʹְ̳̳滹Źƶ֣ûǿ϶ͨˡ
½ɽָлһЦЦСӣɣ㲮ˣ·ҪСЩ
ǣһָǣ
лһ뿪
½ɽ˽ƶ͵լ
½һиԼĹƣϾ͵볢˳
˵ζĲͨľƻҪúأ
ǲ⺢ӳ˼ֻǴһôľƣ½ɽľǱ˶ˡ
ǰʮ̳ˡ
ؼƱȾƹݵľƻζ
½бһۣô࣬˼Ҷ˵طˣɱ⣬
öģҾ˵˵˸£ǫǲǲǵģ˵ϼһôڼﲻˣӾڵģ
½ʹĵ˵ͷ
ôˣӼ丮ٵľ˲ʮֻլݷã뷨ˡ
лһ֪չˣҲûпűˡ
½ɽԺǫĹϵǺ;ﲻ˶֪ģֻƣ
Ҳ֪϶ǴӾ֪ġ
Ǳ½ɽԲµˣǮֺѧʿ˵лһִӼĺþТʦġ
ʷ˸Ƿ˾Ϳ佱ѧТ˳þƺóԵľ͹
ⲻ˺Ƥƺˡ
ʵԼֺγرϲأ
½ɽЦҡҡͷԼֺһȻǺþƣ
*
¹ʳҰ֮ƻмαɪϡ
ڶĹٵϣһϣһڴš
¹֮в˶뿪˸Ҹȥ
лһ־֮һ
װźܶණԼģҲ½Һͷ뺮͹ġ
Щһ˾ǡ
ҪȥǵģοЩûؼôҲҪһ˳ĻԺھҲ˵
˻ؾһȥˣʡԼ뷨ˡ
һͬһ˸һȥľǡ
ʵ̫ˣлһָʦ׼Ķ
˿ЩʱĳлһֲЦˡ
˭˵ؾǲżģżҲ첻ˡ
Ĳ˵ͳŵʮ̳ƣҪǿ˵Ļ̳ӾͲ࣬Ҫˣʦ϶Ĳ
Ҫ֪ʦԼ͵ľƿǼΪġ
뵽лһЦĸˣ


116 
³ºӴ峿һƬæµ
ľ͵æµ, һյļڣʱҲʱ͵, ɹϵһճء
οڵºӴԶĴӣ󲿷ֶҩģϲˡ
һжлүǵġ
ǵģºӴ˶ƺлһΪү
ˣ
ڴǵǸ߲ʵأ
ϲ֮󣬾ר峤˵ˣлôϲǮҪʲôС
峤û˵ϾͰŶȫŮٶ˵һ顣
Դˣ˶Ǹ߸˵Ӧˡ
һλү, ˻أôܸԼأ
һԶ
ڴмС޶·ˣæվ·ߣֻСȴǽĶ
Ȼģżһ, ͦʵġ
к·, þ·ߵĺӡ
ǵ, ү
ڵˣлһЦӦ
ĹٵҲǿӿݵһҲƽţȫҲҪɢˡ
Һð, ٰˣ
ŤŤԴӷ
һɣͿ·ڶĺǡ
ͬʱҲлһ֡
ǡлү𣿡һϵ˵
лһֶð·Ҳˡ
ͣ
үǲϾ͵ˣؼϢ£
ͣлһִӳߺãȰϻؼңȥүүǣ
һ·Ѿﶼˣл˶ڿˣҲæˡ
ڴ굹û̫ĵģүﻹĺһˮ͸лҶȥ
лһȺǰǶǶĵġ
װôõĵģǶûгԵء
лһֿǸո˵ĺЦһôлһֵģʶ𣿡
Ǻӣлүãҽ٣ø㰡ʱҼȥѧ֣
Ǵĺӣлһֿĺӡ
ٵɪЦЦǵģǺһҸģ壬ҸͬģлүҸ˺òã
лһֿ˿ʮӣһŵĿ
ȻЦ˳
٣ⱱҵСӣСһ˼ԣٳһš
ôСһھȻôˡ
ͬѧͯôҲȥڼһЩʶ֣¶ϵѾ˵ˣû뵽ԼشӵһľȻЩӡ
һĵ˹ȥƽָڳˣֺˣҾ粻ٴ㣡
ģɺˣҲģ
ѧĹ̲̫ãҪҲôΡ
лһͷ
˵
˫ӹģʮԲ֣Ǳֵζֱ̿ˮ ȴûһģҲˣֺòŸǵġ
ҪǷֲã
ܣţҲǻһأ
Ҳǻʶ֡ĺأ
˵ʱѧʵˣ˾ûѧʵ
̿ˮʲôľͺˡ
СĽַ·߸ɾʯͷϣȻúǶ£
ϸ˱飬ȷˣʮӡ
ǡʮ飿
СüͷˣΪëҪģ
лһֿһĻ¶Ц⡣
ȻֵܣüͷȴǺͬѧһģһ
лһ־ͼʶٵԴתж졣
ͼСѱŵԶȥ
ǵԴת˹ȥһСϸãˣ
ںǼҪʱܵ˲Զſæŵǰֽﻹʣµĸһһ飬Ȼ˻
лһֿ˿û˵СԱߣÿַһ飬Ȼֻһˡ
лүҷֺˣ˵ŻĵֽݸԱߵһСŮС˵ĽӹСİĵġ
лһֿʵΪʲôҪô֣
ЦŵϴҸһȥϼˣӽҪ𡭡ŶϰףûжĵˣԾͽֽѾ
ѾʹģСҲЦݡ
ȥϼӣ
Լûڴʱͬѧ˺ܶ°
Ĳͷø˵Է
ϾȥҸ˵
ȥɣ
һ̵ܡ
ʮܻˡ
лү
ţ
лһվסţΪ̫ܵԴСһǡ
лллӽǵģ˼͵ĶҪлСѾСԴеŵ˵
֮ԻΪѾ뵽仰Ժ˵ˣЩǲġ
лһֺȻЦ 
˭˵ĺӾޱ֪ģֻҪ֪ʶһʱҲػ̵ǡ
֪ʶʹ˽廹Ǿ
лһ֣л˵ĶԣҪúѧѧԺҪǰ̵ˣ
õģųͯ
ٴԶʱĻǵĿЦ
лһֿ˿һġ
֮㲻֮档
⻰˵һҲûС
˿̣лһһ뷨ߣλҲһˡ
һԼҵȥ
ȻǷ˼ңлҵĵȻһġ
ԶԶľͿڵæµŵļˡ
ڵҩĵлүæһĺͣĨһѶͷĺͿи³׺ĴСŶԼҵˡ
˭ҵĺӣߴͷ𣿡лĨźǵ
ڵڵСҩĵİϿ˿֪أš찡
ЩԶ̫ͣǰˡ
ʱлһҲˣٶȼӿ졣
үү̣һˣ
ǡǼҡСӣлүúʹĲ˲۾
л־ڴʱˣߺСӻˣ
ϣҵĹӴ
ϴӵȻվΪ̫ͣԵǰӭлһܹл־ŵˣæһѷסԼ
л־û°ɣ
𼱣𣡡л־ƽҲ
лһٶͦ죬ʱѾܵ˼˵ǰ
ͨ
˫ϥ򵹣
үү̣Сӻˣ
࣡
̵ĹǲһףϽ
Ϸһһлһֵĸ첲ӵ
Сӣ·۲
ʲȵˮ

ԼıӣȳԵ㣡
Ѿ޳ɸˡ
һ߰࣬˵Ǽٵģڿų˵ĺӣ۵ľš
ˣҲˡ
۵İ
лһ˽Ԫףص˺ܶ࣬ҲˣûйҲˣ˵˿˵Ĳףô˾˵Ķûпء
ԣ֪ӿԱԼĸ࣬Щ˻ţ۵ܡ
лһֽĵ˹Ҵ˳ԵĺȵģģҺܺã
Ťͷֿл־ޣ󲮣ͦõİɣ
л־ãأ
˵ŻĨһֶӻˣ󲮵ҲۿЩɬˡ
лһ࣬ٴμˣ鼤޷Ա
ûôΣٴοǸд̫ˣ΢Ŀżˡ
лһֵ۾ʪˡ


117 
ºӴľлүˣ
ϢһӾͱ￪ˡ
лҰϯ, ѡ
һˮ磬ϵ϶ģò֡
µظɻۣл־Ժڻָʵ̾һ
Ҳƣ, ϵЦȴûмһ˿
ۣٶҲ⡣
ʰȴŲµطҲûˡ
лүҡ
Ϊүԭˮϯ⻹лһַԲŸĳһġ
Ҫ졭үЩˡ
л֦ڼʰ˲Żȥˣ½ѾУһҿǱĽʵǲģߵ, ͸Щţģ
Ϊ޹ȥЩμˣȴǷǰǰ˺ܶ࣬˵ҲһЩ
ܹýıԭ , пܾԼҹ˳ġ
ôһ, ҪǰҲûǣҡ
¸¾ǰ, Ļڶ£ȥĻ̫
ɣ, һʰʱҲȥ㣡϶벻ˡ
лһֱҲûдҪü˸ţڵĻûæꡣ
һҲˣæ˹ôҪȥ𣿲ڼˣ
лһЦھǹҲһѾˣģ
ǰӳˣϲˣЩ˸еĵ
лһæοܷɶԶʼնĶӣǲǣ
ЦǵȻඣ
˵䣬ȥʰˡ
˵¸ҪȥǣǶǰͿʼʰıȽϺãĻȽϵϸʲô©ģҲüʱĲϡ
ȥæˣлһϵһȥլ
Щϵһ˻Ųرǹϵ飬ҪүүС
ܷ˼ң˻ǶıȽ϶ࡣ
լͼүĳݡ
СˣϽүүԱлүӼˣæԼԵλõ
лһְѴĵĺ;Ʒϣ˳үӵĵλþүүʲô𣿡
ֹүү󲮺̵ɫҲЩ쳣
֮ǰڼæϯʱһ
лү̾ϢһʣµҩҪʣˣʣЩ࣬ܲܶӰɣ
ǵҲһЩƱȽϺõģ㿴ȥЩȥĶֳԽСˣл־ƽһС˵
˵ľҺʹ峤ˡ
ȥһǺһõĸԼ֡
ȴ˵һĴӵﳤģڳҩĺԾͲҵġ
лһЦЦǲͼ˵峤Һһֵԭԭ򣬻о̫ԳƲŻô
ҵǸǼһģлһģлһֵҩֲռˮȻǳĺˡ
ЩСҩлһҲ¶
лһֵҶˣȥǻãͱ˵үүһ£ԺҲһܹ׼ʱڼҪܹ͹ȥĻһգ
ֲڿռΧֳһҩֲռҲ϶ǱҪõĶࡣ
յĵ̫أⲻ
лһֱӸлүһӣľТүˡ
лүӵѹˣ֪͹ﲻȱǮֻЩ϶ҲôģԾ˵ȥչ
ڵҲ˷ˣһ㶼Ǯء
үӵ¶ˣлһȴ˵ԼĿġ
лүˡ
ѧ
лһֵͷǵүүҪô˹ĸãѧѧѧٲ޴󰭣ܹѧͱȲѧǿ
лүЩ⣬֪ԼĴ󣬿ȴû뵽ѧҲ뵽
СӵĻүүŵ 
Ĳ˵ԼͳôһλˣĻͷ׬ˡ
ȻˣҪǻɱĺҲһܹ׬ô࣬ϾеĺӶԼҹһ뷨ġ
òٰݸүǰһ˵һˮ
лһַỤܸ̋𣬸οԺҪԽԽߵĻﶼʶֵ˶Ҳкôûô೶ȵģͲôˣ
һ͹ǣлүϾ͵ƽǵȥ峤
л־ƽվߣȥ
ĹȥϽлһִĵĴӹóһ
ԼûóԵģͳȥˡ
ʵˡ
л־ƽл־ŵȥ˴峤ңһͽˣͬʱĻд˵Ƚзˡ
ȻͲˣеʱ˵ǷǳĹõġ
лһҪѧ
Ǵ£Ĵ¡
֪֮ڴ϶ñ˷Լ͸ˡ
Ҳڴ峤˵ڿӭǵлһʱ۾գ˺üΡ
лͣҲˡ
æǰæİţӵһлһֻͺһ˺þãҪĻʹлһֻûлؼҳԹлҳԵˡ
лүкţҲ
ɣ
峤˶˵˴ѧ
лһ˵ԼóӣΪȥѧõĺʺҪõ鱾
Щеķþ˺ܶࡣ
ʱ򣬴峤˶Ŵ͡

ЩˣȻ֪л׬Ǯˣһóô࣬Ƿǳ⡣
л־СѧҲ˺ܶ࣬ҲΪЩʱˣ峤ƴǣϣԽԽã
峤һĶжĲãл̫ˡ
лˣ˲źãͶѧˣͲ鷳ĻҲͲǣԼҶˡ
ȽӺԼҺӵǰȻǳˡ
ôһҲ
û峤Ƕж
鶨ˣǰĺǶҪȥ
Ϊ㻹ҪţֻһͯʺϿѧ
οͬѧͻ̫СӵĻء
ӵѧţԺҪʵڲܼϿˣٻѧ
ȻˣҪϿĻȻǸˡ
Դˣͬѧûκ壬лһָջѾ̸ˣȻҲΪԼһܹϡ
Ƿ¶һ
һԼҪǿأ
ŵͯҪܹϾ˾͸ˡ
ȻԼʵ̫Զ̫ԶԶҲεʱŻμһ¡
ڶ죬峤ͽŮٶټһ
лһֵóӸ˴峤⻹оƷķҲһˣ飬峤ȽϺá
峤ȫڲ
ôˣǵһôء
֪йⰡ
ǴѧķãǾƷ൱йʵ¡
лһֺʹ峤Լһȥϡ
ڵ֪ǵ뷨ϱʾͬ⣬ǲҲû⡣
ЩлһָӴģɲֹ
ȻǰӸǵʰһӸºӴĺá
ܹˣٷֵİ࣬һҲһܹϤĹˡ
ͣӻ֪ġ
û⣬ҪѧЩѶˡ
һºӴĺѧĵطˡ
Ȼ΢еԶǺȴǲûġ
Щ·㳤
Ҫ֪ʱлүһ߾డ˼Ҳûкۺʲôİɡ
лһ֣ûô
żǺģֻЩ˲֪ˣ


118 
ʮһ³, лһһĶȥ˾ǡ
⻹ĵķŽҩֲռҩĺ;ƣϰ̳ľƣѷҩֲռһ, Щ˽һҩģǱҩֲصΧ
żĹЩ˰ҩľȻȫˣ͵դˣȻлһֲϼ֮ɾǱˡ
Ķ࣬·ϵٶȾ
ͣͣ, һֱʮһ¶ʮŵ˾ǡ
лլʰһ£Ÿʦȥʷ
ҿлһֻˣǸ˵˵үˣүǰЩӻһֱ߶أ
лһִȡһֽкһ̳ƵݵҵǸģԼģ, ʦأ
Ǿ̫ллү, үȥϳûлͦ, ÿĶͦҪүȳЩţҿĵĽӹǾƱڻ, СĵĲˡ
֮ǰүү͵ľƣζĺܺá
˵лү֮Ҳûʲôģ͵һˡ
лһһüͷ壬ۿ춼ҪˣʦȻûлöæ
ȴҲûʷţôûлؾˣλҲбҪһȦ
˽ϵĶжһЩǸʦģ⻹млһִͳȥġ
壬ҹһʦӼҶǱ߶ȥȻٺʦϸ̸ʱѾˣũǱҲ˳һȦ
Լ˾ˣڼˣھϣԼҪõĻҪߵġ
æӦ£лһ뿪ʷҲæľƺŵԼȥȻؼҵʱ˳
Ӽ  һͤ
Ƴ¾ֿлһ͹Ķɵһ֡
ѵðСӻ֪¾Цŵ
ӹӼÿȥĿ٣ָܻ֮Ҳֻлһֻˡ
лһֵҪлƺ͸λʦأɲ¸ѾˣǸλʦл񣡡
¾֣˰ɣ
лһЦǿɲƴ˵ǰѧɲ˵һǸƴ˵ļ˳ģһֱ˵ȥݷãһֱҲûüȥǸʦǳϼǱģֵʲôǮʰɣ
¾֣ҴллˣȻˣǾˣóϼǱߵزҶӰϵ𣿺þûˣҲ֪ôˣ
лһҡҡͷ
ҶҲһŵֽҶǱ߾ʹҶǶȥ˱߹֮Ҳͺٹȥˡ
ҶӰظûһϢ 
¾̾Ϣһ߹սжҪܿ࣬ҪĲǣ
ллʦѣһּˣлһֵü˳۵ĵ
ܸоƴ˵Ļл
¼ƻҪȥ飬лһҲûٶය뿪ˡ
˳ĹӼĴţлһֵеĲġ
߳ˣǲһҪʲôʱܹٽһˡ
ӼѧϰǳգлһֵİǱȽϴġ
ȻˣʦĽ̵ԡ
ۺϣл˾ʹгɡ
뿪Ӽ࣬лһȥҶûнţҶʮŷǱ˵ǷһŲ͡
лһֽݹȥͬʱдһѹ˵ĺϡ
ҶʮͷȻ󽫶սȥˣһ˵ȫתϣΪллһЩˮͱ߹شĲҶ
лһֽӹ뿪ˡ
Ҷ
Ҷ˿ǰĵġƺһţɵĿ߹صķҪʵ벻İ취ĻҾȥ˵˵ˣܹó취Ҳһأ
߹¡
ҩ˳صĲټḮṩȱĲԣۿ߹ص±һѡ
ȥļǮĹĲȥϾ͵ñһЩ˸ʹӡ
һȥģ߹ǱѾ˴ߴ˲ʮˣûô
͢ȥ¶ûУ˵ĸ㺮Ķˡ
Ҷ˽лһַڵϵصͨҶҵ취ɡ
ǺӻҪƿء
˵һ齫ĵҷˣôһΪأ
ũׯǱлһ͹ȥʮ̳ƺʮģ˶಻ÿһҲǳˡ
ũׯѾʼβһճɷǳлһֹʱæš
лһֵ˿Ȼ뿪ˡ
ЩȥҲʵ˶ǮʦҶ
ٴλصʷʦڻˡ
ʦ˺ö࣡лһ־ȵĵԼǿƿˣʦȻݵıԼҪ
ǫĻӻӣûѣ˰³Էģ
лһȻϴ¾ͳԡ
ϡ
ʦ鷿£ſʼ˵顣
˴εĿƿӼİˣ³μӵн٣εֻʮһ
лһںӼ丮˽ԪߣĻһԪǿĲμĩҲûȥ
ڳ͢˺ܴĹע
ʵ̫˼Ƴ¾Ҳ̲ȥʻ
˵ȥʵûɵıߵġ
ȥС
⻹㣬б߹صݡϡȱϵƢ𱩵ĲС
ֹʷ̨ʡÿ춼ĵӦš
лһ֣ҶűտҲԭ 
ǫҶŮ֮Ȼкǿ֮ģȴҲЩΣ߲ûУǿҲûã
лһȻ
϶ͷ۵ϣҶ϶ҲǸżġ
ʱҪϽǾõĻᣬЩ˶Ϊʹϵȥģܽ⣬һпܸҶҴ鷳Ҷ˸ɴ˭Ҳˡ
ѹԼȥҲûмˣȻдţҶԼ
°ɡܽ
ֻھȥ죬ܸܲ˼Լϴֵ߲˰ɣ
ҪǽЩһţڷĻϿ϶Ϊ߹ˣҪץ鿴
һĿܣлһֵԴʱˡ
ܼͷԷȡ
һȲܻԼĴԴġ
ԴֻһԲܵ
лһ֣ʷͻȻĵ
лһֱһЩµĿʦ
ôǣ
ͻȻԼʲôأ
ʷ˶лһֵнİ취 
лһ֣аɣڲã
ոˣٳһЩҲ취ѲŪģ߹ҪĻ͹ȥҲǲܡ
Բڡ
ڵ̫ܱԼ
ҪǱ֪ԼиֲܹҩĻܴ涫ҩֲռ䣬ӿ϶رѰɣ
ʷˣȻУ
лһֱʦһֵʦҵİ취ԼУ˴治ˣ˵Ҳˣ
ϻ취ɡ
ʷˣû˵һ
ٴοѧΣʷ˲̾һ˵ĻôȿԣĿ״Ԫ˵
лһ֣ʦǶԼжİ


119 
, ֵˣ
תۻԵʱҲˣ
ԾԵĵڶĴ죬Ҳǣһڶ, Ȼ
ǵ£żкȴҲסϿӵļ顣
ľоǸǣ˲øջƹ˲ѡ
ǾǵĹԺΧĿջ̻ΪƽʱĸҲʰ׵סϿӡ
˵ַܼﲻµĿӭ۸˵ҪͰ
ȻǾˣҲ˵ܸԣ, ʡʡ
лһ⼸¿Ǹһ˷
ʷȻ⺣սԼ⣬ͬʱ˺ܶлһִ
˵ô˵лһȴ˿Ҵ⣬˭֮ʦͣҲͣѵһʱأ
ȶ˺ü죬ʵʦս̫ǿ, һ, ʷ˾¿ʼһ⡣
ôѧô, ôʦڿʱһˡ
ΪԼ
ͬƣҪֳ, ÿһ
һ³ţڶʮڳʮ壬Ȼһ볡һճ
Ժ볡лһʱǰѾˣں棬и۲ͣѣڼ顣
λʿϧᣬôдŶӣһҵȲͲǼ򵥴ˣ
Ƿ㣬ҷ㣡
в˽ţһй
лһϸ̾:ǾǵۣѶôѧʡ
μӻԵĿԳơʿ
㿼ҲȻǾ֮
ͲͬˣʱҲ㲻ϡ
ܶǲ᷸ɵģܴˡ
ȥ
ˣңң
ǣҸߵʫûб˼Ǻúÿ
ҵȲʶ֣λʿһԾع򣬴ҵ̷˾ʣԻ𸴣ߣ
һİŶӵĿǸȥ
̫࣬ܿ˲ࡣ
лһվڿλãĶԴ
ܿһλʮҵĿۼ˳
ʱλѾվȣȫۼߡ
̷˾
ȥ˾ûȫȫβĻġ
ˣȫˣ
һֱлһֱѼҲûпλٻ
̫ˣ
лһֶԾǹԺĵһӡ
۵ǹԺĿᡣ
ȻС䣬ֵıǺŷԼֳߣĳߣ߰˳ߵĺŷлһֵ˺ܶࡣ
ʱӡʵ̫ˣһŷԼʱӡ
ʹ˦˦ͷԼıȱ˺˲ֹһ·лһİ˲١
ʶûʱˣʼʰԼĿᡣ
ⳡĿǳ顢԰ʫ徭Լʺɷֻͬп˲Ϊʲôһֻ뾾ͷ
ĿֱҪ̫ԡ
⣬⣬⣬⣬ǻҪվЩΪ˰ɣ
лһִ֮Цݿʼ⡣
ٴθлʦ⺣ĥ
ֱ̬⣬ӡ̡
ʦѵһʱʲôģ˭ǰ
ؼҲˣʵ̫дڸС
ˣлһ־ǿ
˹ȥȻʦɽ廬°ġĺǻ
Դ󡭡ֻʣ¸ˣ
⣡
һлһ־ûãԼ߳Ժš
ڶлһ־ûԣԴЩ£ܾĿЩΪ˵˼
ڳлһ־ãţͦ죬Ʈžͳˣ
ڳտʼԭŵ쾹ȻͻȻѩѩܴ󣬷ܴ֣
ڹԺľ˴ˡ
лһִĲˣҲ£رһϣ˲ߵͣﲻʱĴиӵС
ʱȾ˿ޣ治֪ܸʲôˡ
лһֺܲҵˡ
ԭ׸˵ڿӲĶ졣
һβֹлһһΪͻȻת䣬ܶ˶Ʈųģʮ²ʡǱ̧ġ
ֻЩ˵ļ֪ˡ
лһִʱѾԹ˲Ͼ
һͷԵȥˡ
СӣСӣ㿴ﰡ
ϲԵͷ쳢
һְΪʦΪ㻹пҵҪϽа
үũׯ̫ʦˣ
үүˣˣ
лһЩƺȽңԶʶЩɢ
˭ںң
ʲô⣿
Ƕ
԰ִˣΪʲôҪʲôƾٰ
ۺۣһֱ˯ô̹ȥ
ʷлһסԺ̫ҽԺ̫ҽڽŵİҩһĺ޲ôŵСһ
˵ɵ˰ɣżᷴˣ
˵˰ɣСһȴһֱۣûʶֱΪЩ̫ҽ
ǵģ̫ҽǾġ
ԲѵлһѾ˰ˣȻлһֻԣǫǰһλϴڸţǣлһֱ̧֮ϴˡ
ûΪ
ʷ˶ʱͼˣôΪأ
ȥʷ˽ϾȻ󣬻̫ҽˡ
Ȼ̫ҽһֱûгʷ
ãлԪʲôǾͽʲôߴ̼̼ͺأ
̫ҽȴźϽɣٲǾҪʷ˵˰
ЧǺԵģǿ֮ǰյЩżð
ִʲôļֱҪ̫Ѷ
ڿƿʲôģ̫ҽǱʾ⣬βŵľӲʮлԪѾǲˣСأ
ΪЩлһֶߵûͣ

ͽΪʦ˼˵ս⣬ϸ󣬷Ϊʦ֣̽̽һ㣡ʷ˻ظһ¾ǹ˵˵
ҿɡԾܾʦϵ˻Ƶĵ
ΧڴǰϲĿʷˡ
ģˣ
֮ʷƽ϶˶漴ĺһµ:ܣ
Ϊʲô
ʵģͻȻӴ˶Ϊ𾪡
ŰµСӾȻˣ
ϲڴ
ΪСӵ۾û
ʷƵ˵һ仰۾ȴһֱĶлһ:ΪΪʦҪ뿪ˣԲܣ
뿪ʦҪȥģҲҪȥ
лһָ˵꣬ʷͻȻЦվ:У
ʦ㲻ߣ
ˢ
˵ӿҪȥˣʲôΪʲôʷ˵·ץסˣ
ؼǡץסлһ֣
˿˹ŷ֣λ۾ˣ
ǿлһ۾ʶϤ֮ſΧȻˣ
һĶƵÿԼҪʲô
лһ:ǡߺ
ˣ
ȻĻһ:־ˣ
лһ:
˵лһ֪ˣѾĴ˺ܶ飬ŰֱʦΪ𣬻̫ҽǸӵᡭ
ʱӻʱڣԴʱķֽӰ
񲿴ǰһǻԪ
Ԫлһ֣
Ժϸ׼ʿˣ˵ԺŰַǷ
ȻлԪûлῴˡ
лһֺˣ֪ԼˣһĻ˵ô顣
ۡ


120 
ѺлһϢʮͳ׵Ŀˡ
ǰ幫ء
ʷڵ˶ǳĺ, ӵˣлһ˰ɣ
ֻлһ֪һжΪԼҩֲռ䡭ˣ
ѾжĶ, һۿͷ
ĺܴˡ
ԣлһȷˣԼĿƾҩֲռҪԭ
ȻпŵĵطлһȻÿš
Ƕ˷ѣ
ûָڣлһڱӹչĵ£ÿ춼æµš
ҪӣҪ磬ҪЩʳӣ˲ȻҲŹ
ʷԺɿݵѼ, лһִŵһ𶼸ּֽٲ֦ģʮȥˣԭѼڵĵطȻѿðˡ
Ȼˣлһֵҩֲռ֦ѾĿ쵽ˡ
ô, ҲҺò˿, ϶ᱻš
ûʷ˼Ƭ֦ðѿͳһ
ЩŪģǫлһֽ˹ָѿĵطʵ
лһֵͷǵʦ, ǱߵҲһЩǵ԰ɣ
ԡȣΪʦ˵Щ, ׼ôˣȫΪʦ㣬֮ǰڲˣϽģ飡ʷ˰Լͼ˵ıСӸȥˡ
ҲǻԲѣˣʦҲпܻģԺﻹѭʦĳأȻ̫ʵ
ǰЩͷ 
лһ֣˵õ飬Ϊεһ¨ľأ
죬лһֳ˱ﶢųԷ֮⣬Ǻҩ̣ʱ⣬ʦˡ
ʱ䱻ŵĳʵҽޱȣлһֵҲרעˡ
Ͳһˣܹ黹Ҫƴһµġ
оϻ˵ĺҪԶһˣǾͰ¸ɵãͿԲˡ
ƿҲһģҪǿˣԼĿƿ֮·չˣ
¶ʮգػůܰ
Ǳ͵ʱ׼ԡ
ȷʵ׼ʱǵǰĸԡ
ֻǺĸԲͬĿڱ͵еĶһʺ־񲿽ѡν
νʲôûʣе˶î˼ĥ
͵ͺͲгһҰģһЩǻӺæĻΪľҪԼ
Ȼû˵Ǹ˭ģڳĿȴкܶϵٳҪˣȻ
ģģ
һЩڶԼǰĲϷɵ
ǶֻǱȱѡȡʱˣ¾ʣЩˣô֪Ҫʲôġ
ҪǱ͵Χ־ڶţЩܻ޳
ûпʼעʧܵĽرޡ
񲿵жаȻһĥǡ
Ҷ޸֮ˣʲôرҪʫľͺˡ
ȻЩ˵ЩرרעͱЩܶͬĽʮˡ
ڽﻹһˣʱʱı˿һۡ
ΪǴҶܹעĻԪлһ֡
ʱлԪͬǵӡǡ̫ˣ
лһѡĽͱľͷʯͷ֮Ĳͬһһѵʳԭϡ
С⡢ˡˮ಻ʤ
ԶԶȥΪлԪأ
ٸڴϣֻлһѡ߲Ƚĵطʮʮ˵ԭϣ߾̫ˡ
лһҲ²ۣ棡
²۲ӰĶлһʱʱŸĶʱıȻţƺһ㡭
ʱͣһֹ͵ˡ
վ࣬ûĿ뿪ˣ
ʱ˴Сĵ
ΪûκεԭģԽԽңһֱҲûҪʲôΪŵԵʣȻֱӱ̭ˡ
ί
û˸˵Ǳ͵ϵ֮ǰѾ˳һѵԴҶ֪˽˵䶼пܵġ
˵ĿһӾʣһٶʮҡ
ն˳򣬽ǵԭ˵ϣ
ǰ˲ŽԼĶȥ綫ɣѧṆ̵̀һ
ǼǵԱϸ˿ǰһǳһľͷܵȻĵĸǶܹó
ڿаµĵ˾ܿˣŵ˵꣬ͽԴȥˡ
Ȼ񲿵Աûֱ˵Ҳʧˡ
Ϊﲢûɡ
飺ɽľͷһ飬һλ
ˣ
ûǺİ
Ȼڿ廨ŵһһεս
飺һλһٶʮλˣ𣡡
ѧڣ߲˶ڽлһ־ųһλˡ
ǡ鿴˫տյĿЩһ䡣
Ȼİ˲񣬿ǺжλȻţ
ҪûҲûԾ뿪ĻǿҪġ
лһֳλʩˣѧһЩ̫ãͷλæ̧һ£ҪȲУɢҺòײģ
һȻǶ߲￴һۣĸȥ
ǣ־߳ĸˡ
лһлԼҲ˹ȥ
У
һ͵ϴһĵ
ͼĸ־̧һͰĶѵļ߲Ҷߵǰ
Ҳһ̫࣬ˡ
ɫˢľ󵨣ɲǶϷƾССİϷҪŪ飿
鱻ˣȻ߲ҶŪ
û˸ôĿŵĺŪˡ
лһʩһ񣺡Ϣŭѧһ˵
ν˲֣ȻߣҲ֪Ҫôġ
ŭҪѹֲסˡ
лһֵȻȻҪŽĹչʾҪǿѧչʾĻǺҪге
飺ĺ뷢𰡣
ˣȻ󵨣
ŭĿлһ֣Ĳ֪˵ʲôˡ
ŪһͰĲҶҲ˼˵Ǹ˵Ͳ°Դ
ûлһٱӱ͵ƫһĴЦ
ǻԪ˵Ļͺͨ˲һ԰գ߳һˣλǰĺȻȫۡ
ݼ£ڵйԱ־
ݼ£лһֵȿҲϽ
ƽȫ޵ģлԪڿ˵ˣ
лһͷһݣл¸ѧᣬѧֳ
ϣ׼
֮ϵĻϰһ֣лһһ 
лһֲŲæߵǸǲҶӵͰԱߣĲҶСĵÿ
漴¶ݡ
ǡҲˣЩ⣬߲˰
лһֵ򵹣£ǡɽף򸣿̩һͳɽ
΢ȫ£ף򸣿̩һͳɽ
Ͽ첽ߵлһֵǰһͰĶЦݡ
ͰýСɽ״һЩ߲˹һЩǽʵСɽ
ûɽ
һͳɽ
ԽԽϲãã̫ˣܵģˣͣ

ܺãްˣ
ϰһͰɽˡ
һԼͷ亹Ǳŵġ
лһ˵ĲȷʵǲԼܹǿȵġ
֣Ҳ
ʱлһֵͻȻˣӣУ
Ȼ鴫
ָһĵյԣλЪϢ
Ŀ죬뿪Ҳ죬Ƶġ
ֻڳ֪лԪƨĵطȥˡ
¿ڿڼ䱻ʹͣλлԪΨһˣ
µ˶ǳһлһҲˡ
ֽһĵˡ


121 
ڶ, ʽʼ
ڿһ׼жٴν˱͵
ı͵ͬյĵ, ȫгһģ
򣡡
𣡡
Ŵ̫ʾ󣬷ֱѾ׼õǰ
˴εɻʵ֡
ʮŰһңлһְĵĿã΢ߴһЩĺӣһͻеӵ
ֻǣû˸
ĿǻϰѾһΣڻϵǰȻǼӽŵ, ôһֻһĵš
ϣīֽѾ׼ȫֻĿųͿԡ
ʱһĿר˾һڱ͵Ȧ
ʼɣϵĴ
򵥵ĸ֣ȴĻĿŵֱð亹
ݴҲڷ, ɨһ, ȻߵλŻָһƽ
ȽԶ, ˺ܶࡣ
лһλǽ˺ܶࡣ
лһǿģ˵ʱԼһˣǻϱԼҲų
󽭴˵Ķ, һ£
лһֽԵĿ¼ڲݸֽϣҪǲʡ
ֻһ⣬ڳĿʱȴǼڶ˶ٴ
Ŀܼ򵥣һĸ֣۾񣡡
ҪҪϡ
лһ֣˼ĿҪΪ°
лһֱĥ߿Žⷽ
ԣĿֻҪΪҪԲص
ֻǣһԾһ޿ӡ
Ҫ֪һֱѭģšᣬ˺棬ֻศɣеʵ̳ʢĴڡ
һ϶дҪдĻ̫ͿˣôԵڶΪĽΪģټϸ蹦еǰĻͲʲôɻˡ
ܲλϵķۡ
лһֱʾ治֪
ܾλϵԶͦģΪ˱лһڿ˱֮󣬾¶дˡ
أ΢һЩܲд
ĥ֮ѹֽպȻῪʼд
ˮһͨƪдȣԽдԽ˳ԽдԽиС
Ųݸֽд꣬лһִĿһ£ֻ಻١
һֺͼɻ֮󣬾Ϳдˡ
ʱ͵Ͽǵ緹Ǵӣ⻹һȺŨ˱ǣŨˡ
лһֳ˸ӣֺȥ϶Щðˡ
ò˵Եķʳĺõ̫ˡ
Ա㣬һ
յ̫ƫҲڴʱˡ
ֹ
ˣ
뿪˱͵
֮󣬾пڵǰ
ϥдһ죬ʹȫˣոΪлڸǰŵˣڳˣһɣϾͱֳˡ
־һԿţ໥ŵһԵůȥˡ
죬ڿǳסůġ
ů󣬺ܰûһ˵ġ
ˣھǵŻˡ
ܲ볯ãҲڹˡ
Ƚůİ͵ȴǺ֡
дϺ󣬾ͿʼУжˡ
ǿõļţϵܲơ
ʡϸ
ƪ˵Ĳλϲˣǵ⡣
˴ľһдģյģģмɻľȫһԣʡĺټڽЩˡ
ûʡųνɻ϶
֪ϸտһͷˡ
ʡ鶼Ľŵ˲á
ôߣѵзɻľûв
ϺһһƨҪٵģǾٵģ
ȸ
ٿһͷǲϽ
һĿһۣͻȻʷû
ʡˣѵûпʷ̨ǫӰ
ʡæرµĻʷͽܲεĵԣΪ˱ӣ˴˴ûڣ
ϣʷһλʱôԾģ
ڵϵϷأϸȥĹ顣
λ廹˶ȥڵһֶӵԣȻľ˵ݲˣѵҪº
ҪΪû˵޾Ͳ֪ʡʧ죬ٺ꣬岿ʧල֮ÿ˷ٺһ꣬顭ؼЪŰɣúÿֶεٵģ
л¡
ˣ˳ȥһ£ϵ£־ӵˡ
ű־æܳȥˣʵ̯ˣطҲŲˡ
ٳ͵ʱ򣬻ԼĲӣûͷԴڡ
ɣ˵꣬Ľǰľڡ
ʣµʡ岿лվľ˴Σϴοϸ˺ܶ࣬ʡѡǰʮľڣǿֿȷûбõˣСٴϵǰ
ִڣſţϵıͷḻ
ʡСĽĿţͷϲ֪ʲôʱðĺˮҲǲ
ӡػҪûǣ
࣬ȵѧʻڵģֻϣطϷŷţ񡭡
꣡
뿪˱͵ʡ岿鶼һº
ͦˣڹù˭Լûأ
ÿ˶ٺ»û鷳أ
ȻˣҲȥҾˣϼȻҪǣôû¶Ҳб¶Ծ͵ǻٺ»İɡ
ڶ죬͵̵˵ϵǡ
ΪһǳĿİ˵ǰʱڳϹ
԰񵥣
һ̣һֱƽοԼлһҲǷɿ죬ǰԼǷһϯ֮أ
ϣҪ񣡡ǰ
лһֵһ٣漴ǰУСĵл
лԪոˣײ顣
飺лƨҪ㵽˳ûٸŵùĻŲء
ãϽ
ϡ
վһֹסĿſڴ
һࣺ£½ʿѾּ

꣡
λʿ
лһֵ벽
վȺ񣺡ݼ£
ͽ̵ûʲô⡣
Ͽ˿ЩˣԺֻʮˡ
񣡡
𣡡
л£
޵࣬ٵģȴģ
лһֵ˼æٴ񣺡л¡
ʡôٺ»ϸЩġ
Ҫ֪Щ˴ڿʼͿԳǻʵ۵ѧˣǿ
Ͽɵѧҫˡ
󣬰
һˣʿڡ


122 
һ, ͽʿڡ
һӼ丮غºӴ壬лһ֣ϲл״Ԫ, Ԫ
ʡĻһһֵлһֵĿϣٶȼӿ졣
ͨ
ͨͨͨ
лһֵĴʱκʱ
ˣ
״Ԫ
Լ״Ԫˣ
״ԪԪĵԪǰѾСԪˡɲԪ
ʡ˿һлһ֣ﲻɰ֮̾Ӱ״ԪȻҲ˵Ȼ
ʵ治ǹ⵭ģʵ̫, ֪ôʾȽϺˣټлһֱǰǱȽˣ˿ʲôҲ
ʡ񵥣ڶ˳츮ǣɣϲΰۣ
⸮طѾϲ̽Ѵ, 룡
Ѿ, ˫ӹʡİ񵥣׶ʮ, ͽʿ׵һ
ʮˣͬʿ, ׵һ
󣬷ѾɤѾˡ
С⼸ʮ꣬ټҪ㹻治Ǽ򵥵¶
ȫ꣬бֵ˶˵硣
ˣ
Ҫڴ֮ϣں޲Ҫһ
лģվ½ʿǰСѵ
лһæ첽У򵹣꣡
Ҳд꣺꣡
ڰ䣬ƽϵ
лһֵվԱŲŲֻûվȥˡ
һ׵ǿֱӽ뺲ԺģҲйְˡ
ס׵ĿܻΪʿԺְǸʵ۽⾭ʷ֮鼮گҲпǴЩѡԺĴѧʿҲϾǴЩ
Щ˶ٳȴҲһĶɬĺܡ
Լ֮ЦݻǺԵġ
ǵ·͵ǰʱЦ൱ۡ
½ʿôͷ֮ٿǰһ
лһЩСģʮˡ
ҩֲռĵټϾԵʣĸͣƤ״ԪۣԵϲһúѧʵꡣ
ǺɵͱȽϴ󣬿ʮҵӣء
Ѿʮ꣬ã̽Ҳмʡ
ֻãΪлһڣǰˣľûôˡ
Ҫ֪лһѧʺûҷӦ죬ӵǰĸԾܿóѵõǳûڳ˶˧ȻȴͰۺòѡķ̽Щˡ
Ӧ̽ĳƺŲŶԣȴǱ״Ԫɸȥ˭˵ȥ
λὨ飬ϣհһ¿ƽʿĴѾ񲿽ڵ⣬뿪ʱϸȽ֮Ĳ𣬽Ҫвܣ
Ƚּ⣡
ɢ˰ɣ
꣡
ɢ֮лһǫǰһأѧлһߵлʦ̵֮
ʦ񣬹жȡ
ʩϣǫ˫Լѧ
öʦһͬȥĴʷЦ˵ϵΪһĲʣʦĿ϶Ҫġ
лһԱһĵʦ룡
ʷ˵ţλˣ
ΧĽʺ޵ĴĴ˸клһ־ͳ˴
ڴ󳼣ʷǵɪİɣ
һ״Ԫͽ
ȷʵͦ˵ɪģѧܱʷ˻⡣
ӣ
ܿߣȴҲûȥʷ˺лһֵ鷳ġ
һƤڳϵ̣һոձյ¿״Ԫж벻ھȥ˼鷳
⣬ʾ
־վ࣬½ʿĴ
λԵλõĺȻ¿״Ԫлһֵġ
ߵ£ʧʧ£
䣬ͨͨ¡
˽⣬ɴ
ԣ
һдҳдĺзǣôʷɵҲòĴָû˵
οÿһ䶼˵˵ϣ֮ܽǰһЩİ취Щ취ǿնģͨƪ濴Ȼһéٿĸо
ʡڿ֮΢һ˼תʷ߼˹
ʱʷҲѾˣлһֽһЩ飬Щ뷨ЩĵطûдʦȻˣлһ־ϸĽһ
ʱʡ˹ϲˣϲˣͽ㣬ҳ
ʷ˻ʡ
ʷ˵ô࣬ʡûн⣬οиҪ¡
ʷ˵Ա߳˳ǫ˿͸˹ȥ
˲˵ͽѾɲˣôҹȱ˵ʱҵʮǰ֮ͽҲܹʤιأȻϡ
ʷ˵ĵʡ˻ ²ʷ̨ķڣͽһֹһҪִϷҪŰһ£ʧ㣡
䣬ʷתˣߵʱվԭصѧ
лһȻǸʦһ뿪ˡ
ʦλˣոܸ˵ģôλʡ˵˼仰ɫͲÿˡ
ʷûĵߣȱ˺ϷʲôϵҪȥϹæᣬ㽻һ£ǰʱ򰡣һҪ
лһ֮͵ѧˣʦģһ̫Զģ
ĲȷꡢѾϤˣһҲ֪Ҫ˼
ײĻǵԼ뻹ûġ
ǫҲͷˡ
ȴȻЩġ
ǫͽܣҪʮֻܵǾ̫ˣͳʡ˵̬ȣˣϳͽʡ
Լ̯ӵ¶úùܣҪԼѧͽȥҲڡ
ʡ֪Լǵʷ˳ˡ
ʵʡ˵Ҳǳһ¿ƽʿʮܹΪҲͲˣϾԽԽѡ
ȫͲʷ˵뷨
Լѧһ
Ц

϶ǰ
ĸһʮʱ״Ԫģ
һ˵л״Ԫʱڿ̾
һһ߹Ͼ־æǣ׹ţľˡ
ǰЩ־ɶľģڵǻˡ
˭Ҳ֪Щ¿ƽʿԺĳɾܹһ˾Ͷˡ
лһֵǰ˶ӣдŴֱ֣ǣ
״Ԫڡ
յ㺲֡
˵ǰҲӡ
ʿ
յ㺲֡

ͬʿ
Ҫ֪֣ҲкܶĽġ
ÿһ¿״Ԫֻһˣܹ˳ҲǺѵõġ
ˣ¿ƽʿĽлһֻһʹ͡
Ǿǻ͵ͰĶȻˣҲΪʱͳȥڼֵ൱߰
ȻõĲϲֵǮǹؼԢð
һͳɽееҰģؼ˼ҿܹıҲΪˣϲŻ˸ˡ
лһָˡ
Ǯƿ¶治


123 
ۣ
һͭ졣
޴촫ȥԶ, ˺ܶ˵Ŀ⡣
¿״Ԫȥඣ
ľľˣ¿״Ԫ˵, Ԫأ
е˴״ԪȰۻÿʱǰֵ˸˲١
ԵĲΪ
˻к֮ܶͭŴӼܵģȽϽҪġ
˾ǡ
ͭ࿪ʹֿ٣
ζ˶ҪϽȥոˡ
ܹ¿״ԪʵҪδ״ԪܹĸȥŮ
ٽ֮󣬾Ҫ񲿵İǰɢʱ򣬰׽ͷϷˡ
ǵİҲǺϲֵġ
Ѻ, ¿״ԪļҸ׽ȥ
ۣ
˻رܣ
ˣ
ȺԱһЩգǰĿ񲿵ˣҪǳײ˿˵
Զǰˣۡñ幬Ÿͷڻ
տлһֵʱ, һĶۿˡ
ò˰ò, ״ԪȻĺãԲ٣
ǰ, ˼ôİ
ԼҵĺҲúúԺһ״Ԫ̫ˣ˼ô죿
, ǺСӣ˵״ԪˣܹɽҲˣ
ǲǣ
˭˭
ۿȺҪǱһվ˲ˡ
ʱ¥Ľִ˺ܶ࣬¶һЩͷɴŮӡ
һСѾƵŮ˫£״״ԪС㣬״Ԫô죿
죬ûûСģ
״Ԫţ
ҵģ
״ԪȻûпңǻǿ״ԪĺÿĽأ
лһȴֻܵЦſķʵ۾˭Ҳûп
ಣ
лһһ̧ͽһƤסˣ滹ͦصġ
æӹȥһ澹Ȼʮӡ
үʮ
Ŷ
ʮ
лһûӦǿꡣ
ԼֲȱǮõظô
ΣȻһ־С˵һʲô־æתһ¡
ʮھһ˼ǣȡλŮҪ״Ԫһ𣡡־˵ε뿪ˡ
һүǶһ˵⻰̫ˡ
һ
ôԵİ
лһ֣˵ŴŮӶرֵ
һ˵Ĵɴ˼ҾͿ
ȻһҲʶ
лһֵ࣬ԶԶĸţү˵ˣҪүôôȥ
һëҲܶһЩҼ
ԭΪرļ򵥣ڰ׶Щüͷˡ
үʵ̫ϲˣ
ʹǸСѾͷʼȺżﻹдӿָĶӳˡ
ɰʻǸƤŽӵģҲôһݣ浣Լү᲻ᱻඡ
û̽ɵԴһһ
үСͶ壬ǽõ־ǰæһ֣үŰȵϡ
̽ɾͲһˣλӱȽЩŮӼ״Ԫɵ̫Сеľʹ̽ɵ⡣
Ȼ̽ɾͱҵԴһֱġ
֣ôû£лһֲŷ֣Ϳ̽ɱصģ۵ڶİǵˡ
żм仨ӵǱȥ
ҳɹˣͻǴĶ࣡ЩСЦĿλ
Աλ״Ԫɺ̽ Ѿɼ˵İ۾ԵĲô˴ˣûĶĶ˺ܶ
лһ֣׻ô
ҲܱȱӹĶҵǿ
ȻжͣлһҹΪ¿״Ԫ϶˵ġ
лһҲͻȥˣ͵Լߺ̺ˡ
ôһ֮󣬻ͦġ
ǣʮ꺮ʣһ֪
һ˳ڽֵ˲䣬ֵ
ߵͷڵһ㶼ŵ˵ֱһ׳١
һ˶ôߵֵġ
Ȼε¿״ԪӰ쵽̽ɡ
Ͼ̽ɲǸֵעĴڣǱ״ԪһԲˡ
¿״ԪȻᣬ˺ÿɫҲ˵İ
ͨ˿˶ϲ࿴ۣ˵ﻳŮˡ
ܹôֱ׵ĿһˣҲɽ˺ʱҪƽ˵Ӿӻˣ࿴һҲУֻǣ״Ԫֻôһλ
οĿбӵ֡
жҵлһǲĵطȥġ
˾״
ʱ˾ȴһĽŮЩ࣬Ҳ߿״Ԫ۽̫ߣԼվ̫Զûأ
лһҪ֪Ļһ˸֪ʦò
ٽ˶ͣ񲿵Ĵſڡ
񲿵һ࣬ԼнʿĿ˳ǻ֮ȡԼĹͿԻԼҵˡ
ͿȥӦĵطˣûУô͵ųȹ٣ǻԼϼҵһеҲԡ
ô꣬ٵĻܾȱʲôԣ˶ţܹ˻ϵۣøһְٰġ
룡
ͣ
лһֺһ񲿵ԱлЩȻۡ
ЩǹҪǸ˵һõĻôԴҲпܵġ
ٶոսɢȻ֮кܶ߳˹ 
л״ԪҼһСŮ귽ʮ꣬
ҪʮҪ¿״ԪôôƤأҼֶŮʮ꣬һ׾Ϳˣ
Ҫ״Ԫʮֶ꣬Ůô󣬳˰ɣ
˵ʲô
˵ʲô
ܿ죬񲿴ǰͺƵġ
һӴֵġ
һȺһȺ˶лһӵ˹ҪǱڼ䣬ʮҲһܹȥ
ʱæүǿߣ
ߣ
ٲ߾߲ˣԱߵ̽ѾҸҡȥģЩҪ˺Ƶġ
ɲҪĴ
䣬лһһѸٵĳһȥ
һʷڵš
˵Элһֺܿܳ˰ΧȦ滹Ⱥ˫һ
ݣ
ݣ
Żޣʷٵ뿪ˡ
ֻһ̻Ʈ˹˼ǰ
ܵ죡
¿״Ԫǲܵˣﲻǻ̽𣿡
԰ߣ
ֶ̽ġ
˵Ǳʡ롯ϲǽ̽ɱ
Ȼˣ̽ҲʡֶŮˡ
һֱʷлһͷĺ
ñҲˣǰĴ컨Ҳֻʣһˣ·Ҳ֪˭ˣĶӡ
лһֽ·ЩԾ̫ˣ
ûʲôģôһΣкʻ޵˼ҵôãȻҪõ׽ˣֻ㡭ͻ̫ᣬٵȼҲǫһٷҲû
лһæ
ʷˣڼﲻôôһĻҲҪʲôŮ˰ɣ
лһֵ㱻ҭţȣʦող˵Сأ
ⲻӰ찡Ωкڣº
лһ֣ʦʷȥˣ
Ȼ⻰ĵû˵ľͲһ¶ðɣ


124 
ʲô㣿ʷ˻ָɫĵ
лһ֣ʦн飿
ǫóһ
лһֽӹ˸ϸ, ൱ļôЩ졣
ʷ˵Щ˶ǲ̫ʦˣԺڹٳϵ¶Ͳƿôˣ
лһֵ˵ͷʦ, һһӰϼһŪ֮ǰҲײģǶһЩСϺ֮ģ
ѾȥôˣлһȴȻСʱ㱻ߵ¶
ÿ뵽£лһ־Ͳˡ
ǸƨʦүԼǱֱӷΪһƷԱҲ̫ˡ
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лһ֣
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ʦǿܺã
ţʷóһݷ, ͬʱһӡ
лһֲ, ˵˵ɣǷӵЩ°
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лһ֣Ǿǿ԰ʦ
һԶѣôܵأ
οдĶ̫ˣţԼָһĻԼܣҲеưɣ
ʿũ̵⣬֮Ĺͨ⣬͢߹صôһǡҪԼ
ôϸϸһ롣
лһֳ׵ıˡ
̫ˣ
⹤øɣ
ôˣⱾǻȡŵĻᣬ˵ʵһֻ˵ɵĴ
лһЩŵššԼĶ䣬ʹУ˵ȷʵʦ˵ġ
ʦôŵ˰Ȼ֣
ѵá
ʷվ˼ڳΪ˵ôˣеʱڴϻأҿ϶ռʱ򣡡
лһֳʦ˴Ĵָ
ģ
ױȵİ
ʷּھȥڵ㻹̫ۣ˵ܲȥʲôܲڳ͢˵ԲЩЩ꣬㰲ȵҪ¶ֻҪǲΥʥ⣬Ұ㶵ţ
лһ۾һǣ
ֿʷ˲ʦܸǣ
ĻԺֻҪǲ鷳ǿ϶ǲᱻȥͷˡ
ȨΪĹŴڳΪµʲôȻǿͷˡ
û֮ˣлһ־ÿ˺ܶࡣ
Ҹպʦ˵˵أҪһЩĻʦһµģûбҪˡ
лϺʦɽΪһƷµ϶ǲȥ鷳ġ
Ȼˣ鷳˾Ͳˡ
̫ʦǸ͸ļһ
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ո˵ǣΪʲôô˵ʷһڲʵ
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дʱҲҪԼ뷨µ˵ſٲ˵ĻԺͻԺҲ˵
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ʷˣܣ
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ʷ˻
Ȼᣡ
ʦֻһ仰ʹˣ˾֪ˣʲô 
һʷ˻ǸһϢ 
ȥһˣǸ㵱Եļ֤ˣ㲻˵׼лլ·ȥȡţ
лһ֣ðɣʦ˵ĶǶԵġ
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ĵľȻĺƣϸ濴
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лһһ͵ʦ׼һǡ
ú˵Լ֪У磬ϳʷ˴лһֵĻͷ
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ˣ֪Ͳ˵˰ɡ
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ʦǡšɣ¿״Ԫʹģ˺üء
ʷԼ·û߰ɣ
лһһһʦǰ棬·סˣʦǾȥλʦ˵ģ¶ȥͱ˵İɣ
ôһС¶õϱ
лһ־ֻ˽¶ôæʱЩëƤС¶
ʷɫ䣬Ųһתƹлһ֣λס߰ɣϣ
лһ֣סǲǺͻϺܽˣ
ѵǡ̫ϻʣ
ֻҲмˣȻûϸҲû˵̫ϻʻİ
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ζ
һѣһ·Ҳϰˣоаɡ
ʦͽһ·һֱ鷿ͣ
лһ֣ȻʦڵĿӶǼְ


125 
ūˣվſ, ǹˣЦǺǵĵ
ǫڿɿУ
һЦϷԸūڴ˵Ⱥλ, ¿״ԪҲˣūûϲл״Ԫأϲл״Ԫˣ
лһЦЦллˣĴæʵڴĶ´θϣһллأ
лһϴη纮صʱǫ̫ҽæҲæ˵˺ûġ
ЩʦģлһҲǼŵġ
ֻʦ̫, û˵ģҪӦá
ðɣ֪ҲܰѸ̫ҽ׼лһ
һǹˣһǴ̫࣬Ҫһ͵Ļ, ǾЩˡ
Լûпе, ô˵Ҳû
Ĵָʷ˵¿״Ԫͽǻ˵, ˣ룡
ţãʷ̧鷿ȥ
лһȻҲǸϽĸϡ
, ʦֻ˵Ҫһˡ
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ǻǰĴ̫ܹܰ
ʱǰ鷿ߣôӦǲˡ
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ʦͽվá
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лһֵü˳Ŀվʦࡣ
ǶԼʲô
ҪôܸоڿԼأ
̧ͷȥڻû֮ǰҪŅ̀ͷȥܻᱻΪǿա
ԣлһ־Ǹо˻ڹ۲Ҳǰ缦վš
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ϵϴЩĺ棺ŶҪôл
ʷ΢΢˲ࣺһ֣ǰߵлϣ
ʦ˵Ǳ¡лһֵͻȻ䲻ʹˡ
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ĵطϾ˽ҲӦ߲
ԣлһԻˡ
ôܼңѧҲԳˣʵʦ̫ˡ
ʷˣ㲻˵˴ʥˣʥ½Կ֪
лһĬĬĿʷһۣʦ̧ܣ
ܾʦлһֲԸǰƱ磬ο˴鷿أϻ
˵ƱҲ粻ʦԳĬõĻشʽ
鰸ĻͻȻл״Ԫ
лһæӦ𣺡ѧڣ
һ㲻йҪʱлһֿ϶ſڵˡ
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лһ־ļ䣬ڴʱҲӵĽˡ
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뵽ԼǰǸӵʱҲûкͱ˵Ļ
ִϷ浽ˣпպͱ˵Щ
ֵԣ޴ͽ½ȥˣдӵĵط¶Ҫע˵
ʷʩ󣬼ոջϵĻһ꣬ûдӵĸأ򣬴壬ǻһȷͳƣʮ꣬Щ˵ºӴлһ֣ϣһֱ㿼֮ǸͳƲͣ
лһֵŵϴˡ
ıˡ
Ϊϵһξ˾æʮꡣ
ҲԼ״ԪҪǲĻǡᱻİɣ
лһͻȻ֮ԼĺЩ
黢
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ദˣ۵ģ
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лһֵ򵹣ѧҵѧƢʲô߸ţʥʥǣ֮ңѧ֮ң
лһȦ΢죬رļ
ϸĵĻϲȷʵˣԼֻ˵˼仰͸жˡ
Ψлһִʱεģʱ̫ϥǺۣ
һлһֽԼ׼ϡ
Ͽǰһϲκ̳ƣ۾ЩƮĿʷˣȷʵûиͽ޵ݣ
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лһ֣лϣ
˵ʲô
ѵľ籾Ӧϲĸѡ
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ðɣڵ̫ˣľпƾٵ·ôԶ
ɣһڳԲɴӲǣ
Ȼ治Ϊӣ
·ϣʷһ䣺ɽʲôо
лһ޾ɵĵʦҪҿϽʿ֮ͻϼңֵأңѹûģ᲻رʧ
ʷʹĵһۣᣬھһ٣һҲϽ
лһ̾Ϣ
ʵƿôˣˣм˵СӶð
Ǳھȥǿˡ
Ŀɽ
ԼĴboosȻǻϰ
лһҲֻǰ⻰ɲô룬˭֪ϻһһΡ
ӰʲôѵԴô᲻ֱ
ʱ;ˡ
뷨ǲټˡ
ԼԼҲųһ亹ġ
ڣôֱ׵ĵˣлһ־ϼҲˡ
ϵܾգҪ˳ģлһֿɲ뵱
ԣԺҪܶˡ
ڶ죬ְ顣
лһ֣ԺޣһºΡ
лһ˫ӹ飬Ա˾ͱĸ
Իؼˣ
ʱһºΣһµʱ¿ƽʿ档
ТΪȣ
ϸТΪԴ
ûСҵĺ֮ǣΪЧȫ
죬лһһӣǰȥð
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ڵҲھлһȻľͰˡ
˵ˣǻʹ͵լӣȻǲӣ
˭Ұ


126 
, 
µºӴ֡
Ϊ¿״Ԫɻˣ
״Ԫлһ֣ٴγΪ˴š
Σ֣أ
Ҳ, ϵҲˡ
ˣصҲˡ
Ӽ丮½֪˹ˣλºӴҲϤ֪½
ȻˣΪ½ĺѰȻҲˡ
ųԼȻҲаѧ
һ˺ƺƵ·лһǰ
һ׼лһֵ·ˮʪˡ
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һ쿪ʼ, 죬лٴΰˮ硣
εϯϴεĹģ˺ܶ࣬лһָûС
ҩֲռŪٶηͺõľƣһϯͱںþƵ˸ˡ
ܶ˶ȶˣûѿӡ
־Ʒõ, ۿҪʱ, ҲԼ˸ˡ
״ԪºӴģǲܸ״Ԫˡ
лһԼҲ, ȵĲֻ࣬ھƵʱ˵Ҫȵ, ½͸ںİˡ
л״Ԫôᣬô˼þƵģ
˳ĬĲźлһֺȾˡ
ϵģƺһʵлһֵ̫Сʺư
ϯɢ
ЩҲǹˣһļʵ۶ˣ֪ͲøǳôõĶôõľ ½һѾƲ裬Լ
һۣͬԼ˵ˣȵĶ࣡
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ϡú˼ƽϣΪ֪ľЩθлһֵƾԳӡ
ΪǾƺúȣôİŵ
ʵҲһ
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½ɣô˵ˣҵٻȥ˯һԴЩ£
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ո˻Ļʵˣôҵļĺ󱳵ֻطЪȥˡ
ǺþƣǺȶˣҲ
οһأܳܺȵģǲôԺģǻƷʲôζ
ԣ˴ˣúϢԱʮֵľԳԺȺȣ
Ҳ½֪Ͱѧ֪Сӵ뷨һȥʷôʰǡ
ͽ־Ҫ͵߹˵λ۾ˣɪʲôĹȻǲ̫Զ
ˮлֵڼҿлԼ˺͹ϵȽ׽ˡ
⹫һ͵Ĵ£һĶٴһǰˣǾûлȥΪлһ˵Ҫ˵ΪԼˣȻ뿪ˡ
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Ļǣһûʸ
ǣлһΨһ½޸ˣ
⣬ϵȽϺõҺһҶˣǰһֱڰæûôԡ
оǴ峤żλϣڴӵĺμүϵӣõʦүҲˡ
λõʦүлһҲ⣬Ȼơ
ͬͯٿˣ࣬Ե⿴֮ԴǿհһƬԻ֮ϵæ˰Żƣû뵽ڵ֪лһֵ֮ͬ󣬾Ͱʦү
Ҳлһٴȥ͵ʱϵģҲ˳һˡ
Щ飬֪̫үһá
˰лһվ˫ٱһлظҳɾʹŵĻᣡ

Ƶȥˡ
ڳۣǾƶð
֪˷ѣûֹģأû
лһֵڶٵϣٴεȥˡ
ڶʥˣ
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ڱԶھǵʦ
۵Щľˣ״Ԫ̫˵̫̣ô죿
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ҲۣͦЩӻ˵ɵġ
ıл˶ҵ֧֣лλѵжǣұǲ裬ԲƾλҸˣλ⣡

У
лһֲϵѰ죡
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ԼˮǾƣˣ
屭һǾͺúõĳԶ
лһֶű˵˵屭ףƴʣҲΪʲôл״Ԫǰ˵ҪúõĳԶˡ
ףƴʣѹûҪԶ˰
屭үүҵлһ״Ԫɵ˵仰ԺҳΪĹٶκ˶׼ҵѹƣԵķ˭ҲҲТʲ壬˭лһֵһλ˵лҲ

лһֺˣ
Ạ̊́
ȲУ⻰лһֿ˺ܾˣõĻ 
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лү죬һԵл־һ¡
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˵˲ֻǵӣͬʱҲǽе״ԪɣԣʱǱ˲ʺϿڣЩõĴġ
лүͱˣǾðɣίЩͺˡ
ȻлүӼʶ˹Ҫίĳ̶ȡ
ʼĸλͻٵճ˲ٹ⣬Ȼˣһף˵ģҲ˸λİλΪҳ״ԪײϵڿˣǱţŶˣҪǾǿǷ˵Ļֳһ£ȷʵлҿǷģһԵĲԺ󣬸ɣУ
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лһּɾûˣԺٺڣҲռĶգ
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㵱СӣǵĴѧԽԽãǲȵģ˵ЩǡһҲɵģҵǶأ
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ΪˣĿӾôٴοʼˡ
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Լ䡣
һֻǺСӵʱһѧĸо
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лһ־Ϳʼ˵ŽڴһЩ뷨ȻˣҩΪ⻹ἰʳ
ʳĲͣȻҩǮ࣬ǼʳҪ׼ģ굽ɳԣٶʲôôأ
лһִʵٵƲ⣬ԼԼһЩ֪飬ڳ˽ʵʵĽһֳջʵΡ
ܵõĻ׬ȡӵʵΡ
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ԭһҪôд̸ǮʱϱʾȫûⰡ
̸Ǯ಻˺
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лһֻǲԼҪôϺӵʱ򣬶ԼȴǰԼĺ·ϵˣĻһƷԱҲܰǡ
ǰѳ˵ǰ棬ôһҲܹһ޲ߣ¶ʱ򣬻һ˼
µ׸òأ
˼УţǾͻٸɻǲɲ׵˰ɣ
Ƕģɢʱ㰲οĵ
ǵлһЦ˺ܾãһﾹȻѧᰲοˡ
̫ѵˣ
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ԼԽԽԶĴӣлһֳŴӵķʩһ
ӽ쿪ʼһ̤˳ãɳһ׶ˡ
ʼһµˣԴˣлһַǳڴ


127 
µ׵ľǽƻ, ȶϮеˣ˵鶼ᱻӰ쵽
ȵʱܻЩϻ
ԺһطȴǺر, ʾŰͣȴżܹ·Сš

һ̾Ϣӿŵ洫
Զˣлһ־֪һιԼͬʡ
ԺˣΪ޵лһ־ôһԶͬʵĵ䡣
ıżЩҪæлһÿ춼ͦæ˵ǣΪ˹ææźȲ裬, Ȼǵͬʡ˳·ԼǲڱԹ
ֻҪһԹϾͻ˸浽Ǯȥ
ǮΪлһΪĿ٣Ȼ֪лһֵֻǣںԺҲûرĺлһֶ˵һ֡
ô¿״Ԫ, к³ȴ, ολ⡣
С˵ĹȴǲС
ⲻ, ˻յΣвںʹˣҪλαһͿࡣ
类Ե, ֱλһֱ˸ţٱµĹȴûһС¡
лһֲʵû˸
лһֲϲԹˣڱԵصʱҲȥҹǮ֡
Ǯûк˵ȴֽд֣̺Ѱ
֣лһ˲١
̵ͬʱѰ㹻ĻᣬЩס
Ϊ˲ѸİѱЩͬʡлһϹڼ䣬ֻһҲ
ѾԺҪ׫һ飬˵ļǽһЩҪһ¡
Ҳţ͸Լҵɾͺˡ
ΪˣЩҪ鷳ˣÿοлһ֣Ҳֻɵȥ
ûɣ˼ҿĻǰ׫ϣЩǶڷҵĴˣǲȥġ
֮⣬Ϲ¹лһǼֱǲҪ̫׼ʱ
ҴҲŵطҰ
Ļһֲ˵һֲᣬһֲʣôȥ鷳
лһָջص״Ԫ֪ˡ
ȵ˿ſλϺȲ˾Ȼʦʷˡ
ʦôпչˣлһּʦǿĵĵ
ʷƤ̧̧ҪǲǲǾʹԼǸССĺԺˣ
лһЦŵôأͦ˼ģҲϲģ
֪ڿЩһһĻҵʱǶôĿơ
Լѧ˵ǴСԼųģʷ˶лһֵƢЩ˽ġ
ŵȻīӣôҲֻһԼ֪ˡ
ǫһѰ뿪ģôˣ
лһ֣ˣ鷳ʦˣ
ã
ð

л뿪ˣҪĻԼܻгһġ
ʵǱЩ˸һ
һ쵽ĶҲ֪жС
ʷ˷±ӵ۸˾Ͳ֪ʦ˵˵Ҫǰλᵽ䣬Ϸ򻹲֪Լѧ۸ģˣ
лһգ۾Һλ죬Ҿʹȥ˺ԺͬƵҾûҲû˵
лһȻû˵ʷΪô꣬ȻԼѧĻ
ǫεָָ˵ظҿСӲŲʶ˼̻𣬼ǳʶôɵټҪΪʦ㱻ô죿
ʦʦɵÿˣҪұˣԺһôԷͶĻţ
ǫԷɣ극˵
۾һлһվʦȥ
Ѿ˽˱ãʦͽԷ
߳Ա˵żʷ˸
лһֺٺٵЦŵ˶Щͷԡ
Ǹүүôˣеʱ򣬻Щ̫˽λദ
Ȼ˾Ƕˡ
ȣ̫ˡ
ʦͽֵ״ԪĺԺȥ
ܷ绹º͵ģȰ챻ŵʱҪöˡ
˼ҵĺԺֵĶǻݰģлһ״ԪĺԺȴֵĶǲˣһˮأ˲㡣
״Ԫʷ㶼Ǵ̳ġ
˵Ҳ֣ǫʹӳԹ״Ԫ̳֮ͳԲ߱ˡ
ܾЩ㲻ԼѧĺãЩر˵Ĺζ
лһʱֻɵЦ˵û
ʵȴֿ˻ʦĸоϸ϶Ĳͬ
ʹ״Ԫ֮лһֻϾͲôȥũׯˣǱߵĳѾ죬ûԼҩֲռˮİģҲһܹ׬㹻ķùǵĻ
ˣлһ־ͽũׯ׵ķ 
ԼĺԺȴкܶԶĵط
Ϣʱֻеʱڳرߵʱ򣬶ǿһЩˮģټЩ㱾кܶǴҩֲռȡģôһζҲżȻˡ
˲֮Զˡ
֪ʦͽл˵ҲԾûдչ
лһ裬ǫŵΪʺϵȥ
лһ΢һȻʦһ䣺ʦ˵ʵ𣿡
ʷе㷢ڣôѵ㻹ʦɣ
СӸ˭ѧģȻǳѧĨˣѵȥĵطѶȣ
ʷ˾Լѧ˵Ϊʵȥ
лһ֣̫ҽԺӦͦʺҵģ
ֱʺϵġ
ǰҽѧߣټ̫ҽԺĶЩɷԣĵطǿ϶ʺˡ
ûлһڸԼҵľҪϵġ
ع֮ģлһҲûģˣûȥ
һ·ƿæɹ
ڻȥæɹع٣лһ־ԲŰοĳﵱ٣ԸĲʺϡ
ԣҪԼѡطĻûб̫ҽԺطʵĵطˡ
лһԼĲ
ֻǣʷ˵ȴѾڵĳˡ
¿״Ԫȥ̫ҽԺ
Ц
ʷϸĹ۲ԼѧЦô𣿣
һλмʮѧҽſɣ̫ҽԺ̫ҽҲô׵ģǫҪͽܹ롣
Լѧӣܹȥĵطǡ
лһȴΪʦͬ˵ġ
Цű֤ʦ ѧϰܿ죬òһͿ϶ܹΪõĴ򣡡
˼ʮ꣬ԼӣôҲòȱ˸
лһֵĻʷ˵ˡ
ž
ϵıӵϣˤķ۷顣
ûкȵѵĲҲһأͬʱð
ֻǣҲʷ˶ͷŭʢ
ʷ˷ŭˣ̫
лһ֣ʦ𼱻ӣлǺú˵
һԲϾʲôģ۰
ֻǣʷǱˣڣϲ˵û̫ʦô㣬ҾͲֻܹ죬ߣΪʦԣˣ۸ǫѧܵ
лһ֣ѵ˵ԼҪȥ̫ҽԺ¶ôȥ״ˣ


128 
鷿, һƽĿڳŵˡ
Ŷ, һֵġ
ܵһʷ̨ǫһǳΪ̫ʦĲ̫ʦ
ǸͻһƽĿֵ¿״ԪκԺ޵лһ֡
ϲ, ۸ϷͰˣھȻҽл״ԪƵСʲôҲɲˣģ
һҲʲôҲûɣǿСС, Ӧʵĥ, ﶼû˵ƥȻҸ״
ĥƨղ̵ģҸ㣬ǫѧ԰ţ˵Ǳ°Ŵط, Զඣ
ƨûô˵ҡ
°Ϊϳɹ̫ʦ, ͽ۵ϳѧͷϣΪϳء
£΢ûп۹, ء
ϣɴײϼһ
ӽ̫ʦϼһͿʼһֱڡ
ꤻСʱҲۣϿĶЩˡ
ֻǣһʷ̨ʷһˣǲֱӸϳȥ
Ҫ΢һĴ󳼣־ܳȥˡ
æһˣҶͦģˬˬҸطҹá
һƫƫûû˵ﳳԴˡ
ڸ˫Ŀܶûе
ʵڲ뿴ϼһˣֻÿڡ
ֹϼһǵлһ֣Ъͣɣлޣޣ̫ʦ鷳𣿲˭Ե޹ʵ鷳޶ģ󵨵˵ɣ
лһ֣ر£΢û鷳
ڱûԼ鷳ǾͲԼһССıܹ˵óˡ
϶شԵĲ ȷ
壬͵һμʱºž޴Ĳ
ǣң
һҲûУ
лһֵ΢ȷûұ鷳
Ƕ˿ɻл˵Ͽվʷ˺Ͳ̫ʦ
̫ʦͷͷ⣺ϳԩ
ʷˣޣ̫ʦ㻹˼ԩͽܸŵĵôСˣһͣ
лһֵӱСϷʲôϵϼһ
Ȳ̫ʦ˵꣬ʷָıӾ͵㵨˵л޵СָܹΪ״ԪյΪޣ˱ţ°ϳ
ϣͲģһľ֪Լ⡣
ҪУʵ黹ҪŲ̼ңʷǫܹʱ¶ֵԼǰ˵֤ݵġ
ԣϾ⡣
ˣ޽ãǶλʱЪЪɣл䣬Լ˵ʺʡ
лһֵͨ򵹣΢иʥںԺûãº
ϣʦͽƢһһġ
Ӳ

ڻش⣬˵֮ȴñë
ϣ޲㣬˵޷
лһ֣΢ἰ̫ҽԺ
Ҳһ㶣̫ҽԺҪȥ
·¶˾İ㣬лһֹڵأʥϳȫ΢ϣ˱˵ĵ˵ɰʯζ̫ѹˣ³ȫ΢
ʷҲʩ񣺡°ͷֻѧһԶڱ߹أһȴǱ˸۸̫ҽԺȥ˰һҪϳ
¿ƽʿʮ˾ûλ¿״ԪҪȥ̫ҽԺģ
л״ԪҪƵ̫ҽԺȥ
壬ĻлһֲǫԼǰ
ԼյĹ٣û뵽¶ջҪ̫ʦ壬һ״ԪɣһԺı޾Ȼż̫ҽԺȥˡ
̫ʦȻʲôҲҸɰ
Źڵϵлһ֣ٿ˵ʷˣ÷ǳõĿ⿴ԱߵĲ̫ʦ
Ӷ˶Ĳ̫ʦܰ¶Ҳֻھϯ̸һΣΪʵûиĵطţἰ̫ҽԺ
ϼһﶼӲΪԼҽµһ൱ˣȥлһֿ϶кùӳԡ
ֻǣлһָողŽԺ¶ɣʱûˡ
ôڣ֪أ
ͻȻ֮䣬̫ʦ˼䡣
̫ʦͽ
ͽĻǲ֪ġ
ͽϯϵˣô
̫ʦԼĻɵȫûвϵѾڳīˮˡ
Ȼ̫ʦɵģ
ԼҲҪץʱˣЩ˵צ̫С
ٿϼһϷ͵лںԺʣ²죬˭ᣬҥۣ
ʷֱˣɨһ۲̫ʦ
˵أ
̫ʦҸɶʲôϵ
ߵʱΪ˰οлܵĲƽлһļ٣úõЪЪϢټ
лһֵл
ԣл
֮лһʦصʷʱʵʦֵǰûкôİɣ
ǫûУ
ô
ǫ˵ҲûлסˣΪֹ֮ҪԼԺ·ôߣҪʱ̵Ĺע뷨ҪڵĻΪλṩСҪĸ˵ʱȻҪʱǸ˳ڻǰһ㴦¾һССѹҲ㹻
лһ֣һǻȥɣʱӦùѧܶģ
ǫЦЦСӣΪܸ֮ӵģúѧ֪飬ҿϷϻʱҲһĺãı˼ҳԵҲʣ
ʦ˵еˣлһͻȻЦŵ
ʷŵȥȥȥȥɣ
ٺ٣ѧˣ
лһ뿪ʷ֮ȴǰδеࡣ
ʦ˵һҲûУΪ֮ĺܸӣҲʺ
ôԺԼ·أ
ﲻ⣬Ĺȴ˳˺ܶࡣ
ԺżһС½ȻˣҲͽںٵһ֣ʱȻϡ
ûа취ܲŰɡ
һһôȥˣתۼ䣬ֹһлһѾʮɡ
£лһָչٳͽӵ񲿵ĵ
кԺлһԸºͣ鷨̫ҽԺ˶ȱݵԱǰЭӵǰ󣡡
лһ˫ӹܸˣȴǸӵľš
ȻǱȥˡ
ʵ̫ʦĽˣ֪ϻôأ
ˣǹܺԼɣԼڵӰɣ벻ͨ͸ġ
ʦ뷨Ҳ˵ǻˡ
ˣŵȥǮָȥˡ
Ǯĸӡ
ǰֻǴţ˵̫ʦҪлȥ̫ҽԺҴ̣û뵽Ȼġ
̫ʦǶϹ˰ɣҲ˵Ĵţ϶Ҳ֪ġ
Ȼǲ»Ϸʣ
ȻϹ󵨣
Ǯ֣ʰö©µҲҪԺȡ
лһ֣ûʲôģģŵҾ뿪ˣ꣬鷳ˣ
⺲ԺΨûԼ鷳ˣҲֻλǮˡ
Ǯְڰڣް΢ᣬԺ󡭡ҪСĲǣ
̫ҽԺɲ治ܹͨġ
һ飬Դġ
ֻ⻰ɣ˵˵
лһֹʩ񣺡ѧףлѧˣ
Ǯ֣ãȥɣ
ô״ԪɣȻȥ̫ҽԺϧ˰
̾ϢһǮּæ
΢ôҲûãô๫Ҫ꣬ᱻϷġ
̫ˣ
״ԪɣںԺα޵лһȥ̫ҽԺϢһӾھﴫˡ
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ʱˤ˸ӡ
̫Ϸˣ̫ˣ
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129 
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̫ʦˡ
˭Ͳܰ𣿲˵𣬲ҪǸл, ˵, ôȥҪʲô, ңҪʲô
̫ʦڵ֪ϢʱĲ㱳ȥඡ
ҪԼ
ǰظͰ¶ѹˣЩſͲ׼, ô, Ūôһأ
ؼû֧Լ, Ͱˡ
񲿵ĵ, ¶϶ҲԼİʹ, ôһǰǾͱ¶
Сʧ
ڵĲ̫ʦҪɱԼΧЩˡ
㿴, ҿ, Ĭˡ
һ, ˭ȥ, ʱ˶˵
ȻҲɻأôô֪İˣҲͬ˵, Ҫ˵û̫ʦʹԼţ
ֻǺԵ¶Ӧ̫ǰˣûԱߵĲ̫ʦҪ, Ȼ¶Ĳ
Ҫ˵ܻᱻϣԣǳĬȽϺá
Ĭ
̫ʦԡã
̫ʦ߸˾ȥһֱĴҪлһֵ̫ҽԺȻˡ
Ϊ˲ץסԼİѱ̫ʦǰȰ˸ˡ
ôһǲ鵽Լͷϣû֤ҲԼˡ
Դ̫ʦ붼룬ǻҲУû֤ݣǺǣ
뿴ǸСڵ֪Լȥ̫ҽԺʱɥ
;ȫ̹ȻҶ̫ʦĲ·Բ̣
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״Ԫ
лһЦڵ㣬һԻһεʷˡ
ǫͲһЩ𣿱˻ſĺϷ㵹Լֺǳˣ
лһȫʦĻʦףǰѧ϶պõģⲻûʦ˵̫ҽԺ츳һЩƽһأ
ǫɱҪβȥ˿ɾ͵ǰأֻҪģǲεúõģֻҪˣԶˣ
лһʹͷҶģʦûлشأ
ǫû涮ӡ
ԼɣҲ㣬һ̣
лһֵ۾
̰
лһֵﻹǱȽϿɰġ
ԸˣؾķҲඣֻҪ˳ЩˣԼ̫ҽԺӦþܹϻʱɣ
Լѧ¶һа취Цݣʷ˸ˡ
Լνǲʲô©ĵط
ܾﲻ̫ʵ
ôʵҲûа취ʥּˣҲ˵ѵٸ
ͻҲȥϣСܹȵĴ̫ҽԺһЩʱգںʵʱȻٵġ
ҲСӣ̫ҽԺ϶ᱻĲҪҪģʱǻǱĻͰ
ͦãʵͦ
лһȷʵȥ̫ҽԺʱ򣬱ĲС
ϢǸɶɶԣ˵ɶѵվĶ˾òǵط
Ϣһʷ̫ʦȻĪһ
Ŷ
״Ԫôţ
ȥ̫ҽԺһèš
ʵϡ
̫ҽԺ̫ҽǵĳƢͱлһֱָˡ
취ܼ򵥣ȴ൱
лһȴȫ¶
һ磬̫ҽǾͼҴҵҩݱ
ҩݣ̫ҽԺרŹҩĵĵط
ҩݵĹκлһָձʱ򣬾ͱֵ
ȻҲ̫ҽߵ˳ȵĵط
κ£Сл̫ҽأռŵطʲô
κ£Լ칫ĵطȻһ̫ҽԼӦû˭˰ɣ
ȻЩСƣκȴȻָָݲأ˵ˮʣҪ¼ӹæһˣ
ҪʱܻҩʱҪһ֧ӦţκҲҪȥˡ
̫ҽǲ˵ﵢ칦ߣϽģСл̫ҽݳû˺ȣ˷Ѱ
ɲôţ
˵Һ裬˲٣㿴ߵ˰ɣ
ȷʵˣЪϢҲûʧˣ
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֮κ£ҪҪԺſӣأ
룬ͽ뷨׿ˡ
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С̫ҽսҪ˭̫ҽԺûмܶùġ
ƫҩݵƫлһְ칫ĵط
һټҩĹڽ۵ľҪһŰϴʱѾڷʮֻ豭
лһ־ǿԼĲӮ̫ҽǵϿɡ
Ǻò裬ժҩֲռĲټԼĳƷζǱһĲ趼ҪõĶࡣ
ҩԣǺٵһ֡
˲Ҷ֮⣬лһֻⱸһЩ㣬̫ҽǵٵĶвʣԼټḶ́õЧȻ˺ܶࡣ
ҲΪʶлһ֮
Ϊˣ̫ҽǶΪԼëǺȲȺõģҲлһ̫ҽԺ֮󣬷ǵûбų⣬ǵõ̫ҽϲԭ 
ĴԣΪлһ˵˲뿴ã̫ҽɢϢİˡ
̫ҽԺˣ󲿷ֶ֪֪׵ģο´ҶܵշȻôͽлһֵⶶ䡣
Ժ᲻˵ֻܵʱٿǲˣʵĻ˵¡
лһһȷʵæ˶ݲ衣
ҩ衣
̫ҽǽ֮ԴкʼȲ衣
̫ҽҲÿ춼йģǴϵģҲмƽϵģ̫صĲ飬һǲ̫ҽġ
֮лһָ̫ҽò裬ŽԼ³ݲҶڼ䡣
ģѽ
̫ҽҩĵ״ΪУһⲻͬĲҶ˵˳
лһֵ³Ƶҩ裬һֹʣǴ֮ãλ̫ҽæʶһ£ζ֮׸Σ
Ƿѣд˵Ⱥò裬ɱȺҩǿĶ࣡
ǣǣ

̫ҽʹӲɫζٵڸУԼҪĲˮ¶˺ϸĳԡ
лһҲ¼ĺϸλ̫ҽ˵Ҳһһ¼
̫ҽһ˵ĸˡ
Ҫ׸ϵĲҶһϿɣʱʹͿ϶ٲ˵ģлС̫ҽģҲĵİæˣпܵʱʹҲȱһݡ
µʹͲܶ٣Ƕӣԣġ
κ½ʱ򣬾ͿһĻ
̫ҽǱߺȲ죬εл״ԪŲͣļ¼ţӿĵæµ
ģ¿״ԪȴǱһЩ˸Ƶ̫ҽԺֱЩ̫ҽǸҲɲˣ
лһһ̧ͷͿκͬĿֱԼɨ
лһ֣Լʲôѹ
ҪκôĿԼ
Ȼ⣬лһҲȻǴк
κ£æ˰ɣʣ˵Żͽıӵһݸκ¡
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κ£ĺȲʺԼˡ
ҪҩϸϵʱκµıҲˡ
ڿڵǲ֪𣿡
̫ҽʲô
κ£̫ʦѰһζϺõĲ裬ξͽˣ
⻹κؼҵʱȥȾƵʱϢ Ҫ治֪
ϱϾûʹͣ˵ûȣûЧҪ̫ҽԺҲȥˣпܲˡ
л״Ԫ̫ʦĶԹţͦúͽġ
ټ̫ҽԺҲ棬̫ʦ᲻Ϊ̫ҽԺ˺л״ԪᰡϼһɲǺ˰
̫ҽȻƢã˶ǺˣκȻ˵иͷȵģ̫ҽǵһͻΪΣҪӵġ
Լõκ»ϣҪ͵ĸӵģЩֱ̫ҽǡ
Ǹɲ̫ʦ˿ô죿
̫ҽǲ֪ʱĵҩʲôϵ
ⲻѧ̫ʦ𣿡κµԽԽССʵ̫ҽǵԽԽˡ
κĻȻ̫ҽըˡ
ѧϼһ˺˻ܸʲôٰǺȣϽ
κ£治ð죬ûлϵּ⣬Ҳ˰


130 
κ¿лһƽӣȻЩĲ, ȻǽԼҪ˵Ļ˵˳
лС̫ҽ, ﴫ, ˴ε̫ҽһμӣ
лһֵݹһ裺ѧϰѧϰ𣿡
̫ҽڵһ̫ҽԺ˵ˣÿ»һ콫пе̫ҽһ𣬹ͬΪõĻʹͣȻҲз
Խ, ʹ͵ҲԽá
һμӵĶʸ㹻̫ҽ, лһŵ̫ҽԺ˻ǵһҪȥμ, Ϊ, лһֲŻдһʡ
ֻȥѧϰĻ, Ӧûж⡣
֮
κ£ҲˣĹȽ, ֻһμ, ûϸ˵ò谡, ȣҵ˼, Ǹ治
ںȲ̫ҽκ£˼ҵĲ裬ú˵ص
κ£˵ʵ, ôͲأ
лһһˣ˼ԼСЬأ
Ȼʦ֪ԼҪ̫ҽԺ˲֪
ΪԼ˼Ҳű, Щ̫ҽҲΪġ
˵ˣһŸյ̫ҽԺˣܻʲô
ͨҩҲϲɣ
лһǰҽѧߣڵҲˡ
Ȼ˰һ֣ܹҪ¶Űɡ
һһεݺԼ˿ɲá
ҿӣ͵øҿ
лһκ뿪֮ͺ̫ҽ˵һ仰
λ̫ҽ뵱ʲôҲոµˣһֻλ³ƵĲ裬ڣûˣ˰ɣ
λ̫ҽӦ͸ˣĲˣ
ܾúҪġ
ǲκ£ʵκ²ȥ˵Ҳûжİ
̫ҽǵϰԴˡ
²ʲôģֵڴһµġ
̫ҽһ죬ص㶨˹
ǹѾʰˣȻҰĶڷţεĶǹԱ
ڰǰһι񣬱˵ļأ˴ԡ
лһָ̫ҽһСɵӣǰ̫ҽߵҩ䲻ͬӼֱֲ̫ˡ
žۣ˵ڷŵĶˣѹûҪ￴һۡ
˷ǳлһֵģǾڹϯ̨ϵˡ
һǲ̫ʦһڲ̫ʦɽӵĲ´ˣλ̫ʦʦүȫ
лһֿһֱڡǡλء
ȫõӦıӦлһ־Լ
ؼҪŪֲŪлһװˡ
ȫԲںǲܹԼġ
ʼ
һʼлһ־ͺ̫ҽһǰȥ۲첡
̫ҽһĶ鿴ϣлһһ
Ϊһˣһǳ
̫ҽǵĴֵͬлһ־ͽ۲ʱС˹ͰѲ̧ˡ
ûпʼʻлһԵǵǵľָ̫ҽǻصָλˡ
طҪдҩĵط
̫ҽǿʼдлһҲʼд
̫ҽǽҩϣлһҲҩϡ
ֻǣҩʵε˵Ĺǰʱȴǰѹվ
̫ҽǵҩϻٵĶдҩлһֵҩֻĸ֣ҩ    
ϵˡ
˵԰ɣⲻǷҩǾûëġ
Ҫ˵԰ɣҲܹ֮Ϊҩ
黹ǵһ룬ͽлһֵĴһš
ЩҪǰģҪأƸлС̫ҽԼ˵ҪǲʡǾˣ
ͦãλȻˡ
лһֵҩһɫľдĸ֣ҩ;
ɫԽԽÿˣҲ̫ˡ
ڴʱߵȡҩ
ջǽѾõҩ˹ȥ
Ȼܿ죬е˶ٵ˴ϡ
֮󣬻ϵŭʹ˹
лһ֪
лһֵ̫ҽǵվ˳ʩ΢֪ʾ£
⵭ľһνӣԵЩۡ
ǲ̫ʦ¶һ̣Ǻǣ
ʷǰվԼλã̫ʦЦˣƤã漴ָֻԭ
ǱǲԸ̫ʦһ㡣
̫ʦۿͷ۹ô죿
ʱϵٴĴ㣬ҽȺΪ̫ҽԼĲ㣬ΪȫǷ֮ʣ
лһ֣л½֮ʥˣ΢иԷ̣
ʵıȽϺ档
Ҫ˵лһǸܵˣۿлһֳɳģĻǲŵġ
ǼҩȫһģȷʵУֻһ㣬װģĳɷݱȽϴ󣬸ȻҪ֪лһֵôģ
¿¿״Ԫȥ̫ҽԺɲֻҪȥԼġ
һлһҪ⣬Ͼ뵽Ĺؿˣ
лһִ󷽵ĵ΢ܼ򵥣£΢̫ҽԺһֱŬѧϰֻ̫ҽǵҽ˵ãҽѧ֪ʶԨ΢ѧʱЩܹμ̫ҽ΢Ĳû˯žֻǡ
û˯Ҳ˵˯¡
ֻǰ첻˵ʲôϷ
ϾЩƣȻͷʾһ£˼˵Լ˵ˡ
лһҲǣֻ΢һֵ΢ʱ򣬻ûпʼϸ۲죬ûгѰһ֣ͱˣ΢ҽѧ֪ʶԴǿÿģ΢ġԵĸҩǾ΢˼ǲŶģĸλòʣ΢ϴ
ˣϴˣ˵ĺܺúܶԣЩ
ɨɨ顣
ЩҪʼˡ
ϵɨĺ˵
Ҷڻûе֨ʱֻҪ֨϶ᱻġ
ǰι鱻ߣȥԼűģɲλӻûȾͱ˰
û̫ã׵ͷԼĽŸС
飬ǲӦҲлҪ˵ϻļҲ֡
ͨ
ͻȻˡ

¿б࣡ҪףԼһСԼء
ϣ׼Լһʲô౾ûоܾ
౾Ƿͬ⣬ʾĽҲҪˡ
鵱ĵ£˴ҽڲڳʱ䲢ǳ𣬶ɻʵĲ鸺𣡡
һ˵꣬һ
˲̫ʦǱߵۣȴǲ¡
ڹҲ˵ģֻҪǱһߣףûô¡
̫ʦȷʵһʡĽҲôˡ
ʡĽʡ̫ʦĹϵǱȽϻͣǱȺʷ̨ҪºͶˡ
ʱεĹһ仰ҹ̫ʦҲܲˡ
£뷨ȥ˻ǻȽϺã
ʡûˣ
飺Ӻòװ
ͬЩҪȵĳӸף
ϿһļüŪ۵ģŭľʹˡ
һĲԼϷ˰ܿԣ


131 
ŭֵĻϣ飬, ȶ˽ʧҽû, ȿ֪
λæʩ֪
ϰѻ˵, ϵĻǾǻҪҲˡ
Żϻиҵİ취ǡ
ÿ˷ٺһ꣬죿
л¡λǳǲҶ˵
죿
Ȼǲеġ
ûкƵһߣףѾǲˡ
ϣٺʲôЧˡ
ּ̫ҽǵıԣлһ, Ͱȵĵһ͡
˾, Ѿ˴, лһûɿ˵ԶǱˢˡ
ؾǲءԴ, лһҲû˵ʲô
û, Ǹ⿪˰ɡ
գ١̫ҽεͷ
, ١̫ҽȡ͵ʱȻǴлһȥʥϡ
˵лġ
ͷʹͿǲٵġ
˲, Ҫ֪лһִӵһ־ͱˢ, ȥлġ
١̫ҽƢҲ̫, ̫ҽʹˣƢҲԳû˸ԭ 
һȴȻʳˡ
Ϊʲô, лһ̫ҽԺõ洫ˣ
鷿ڿ١̫ҽлһֹʱ˳
١̫ҽ£лС̫ҽƳҩ, ƷѾԹˣҩԺܵЩĸζֱӺҩ׽ܶˣ
ϣǹ˵Լҩ
ʵҲȷʵˣϴСӾСʱ򣬼ǱҩųģʹˣĽʵٲټҩˣһ˵ҩʲôģų⡣
١̫ҽлһʹһɫлһ˫Сӡ
ҩ豻ӹȥŵ˻ϵǰ
лһֵ£˲ù̵Ĳˮ¶Ȳ˹ͣˮƫͣҩЧÿֳݵʱʹѾ꾡д
ϣͦнģ治㳢һµģҩʲôûҪԵĴ㣬лһôһ˵Щڴˡ
ϣҩ裿Ͽû뵽ܹȵɣȥɣ
ǣ
١̫ҽлһ뿪鷿
֮١̫ҽοлһأżпյʱ᳢һµģҲȥٳܹĻã
Ȼˣһû˵ģǾܸһĻҩζҲ
١̫ҽʹˣȰ׿ˮʱЩʣ裬Ǻöˡ
лһȻӦ¡
ż
ģ
ǲҲֻһС֣ϺȲȵĶӰ춼̫
ϵǣڶ죬ʹʹ̫ҽԺ
˴̫ҽԺҩƵģǲƵ̫ҽʹͣлһֺ١̫ҽΪء
̫ҽҲûۺ죬෴ģرĸˡ
лһԼƳġ
ҩݵϵǰΪ١̫ҽǾǸŴֺȵģմ˼ҲٱأܹǵһʹѾرĸˡ
֮ϲ
һǻʹ͵ģ̫ҽҫޱȡ
ʹ͵лһֵͽʣҩȫһ£˸ʦһݣĶֵ˸λ̫ҽ
һҪ̫ҽԺֲ裬Ҳֻ̫ҽǵֳܹȥˣҪҪشûˡ
лһĿľΪԼһרųƲҶˡ
ҪƣаּҪҩطȻ˵һ֡
ֻʥּϻ
Ȼᣡ
Ϊû˸ڻϵǰ˵¶
̫ҽԺΪϵĲҶҲҪʲôģ
Ҫͻƽƽ
һ˳Ūô죿
ˣΪҩʹ͵̫ҽԺ˲Ͱ
лһûܵκδŵļ̫ҽǡѧϰҽ
ƽһֱֳ˽꣬һ죬̫ҽԺͻȻһˡ
Ҫߵ˾лһ֡
лһֻҩ̫ҽԺʵû¸ɣһֱҩڼеҩѾһ飬̫ҽҪѰһЩҩʱֻҪлһֿ϶ܹϵ֪ŵλá
ŰԼΧҪˣлһֱԼƽʵʸλ磬̫ҽԺлһ֣֪£
Աóл̫ҽ֣Ҳǰ³̰£̫ʦ˵״л̫ҽк޹ʹһũҩ֮л̫ҽܹЭ˰
лһüͷ𣺡̫ʦ˺ũʲôϵ֪λ֪
ֻ֪ˣ뵽ʴ䣡СЩͷĵ
ʱû˸Ҷ˵һֵģܹĽͣҲΪλʱ̫ҽԺطСǾԲ˵һ֡
лһĬȻ
СҪˣæһԼȥɷ񣬲͸λٴܷ࣬뿪֮ǰʦ˵һ飬ٴ˵¶һҲãȻأ
ô׵ıˣǸ˵ˡ
һ̫ʦйϸлһ־鲻ô򵥡
Ȼʵˣ˵ѾһЩȻ϶ҲҪʦ֪һ㡣
һû
̫ҽԺ˰ܵˣ¾һһС̫ҽһԺҪõ˼ء
һߣԺü
лһֿٵдһ죬һԿЩɵ۵κ£й´˰æתʦ
ûû⣡κ˵ܳȥˡ
תһѣ»ܹóɵġ
κҺҲκүӺʷ˻ŲĽġ
ͽŸת˳ȥ
лһֻǱСˣûȴҲǱˡ
ǫظ˵µʱѾҹ
ʵ̫࣬ʱæ깫Ҳǳе¶
Σȴڵġ
ʷˣԺмȥʷ̨ң־ŸңԲܵ󣡡
ң֪ˣүүҪô죿ȥ𣿡
ǫüͷ
ڵ֪лһֱߵʱǫһΣС
һǲģ֤ݡ
֤֤¾û֤ǺͱйصģֻҪǵǾ;Բĳ
ǫҲԼˣ֮ǰϢ˵Ҫֻû뵽˾ȻԼѧ
үڽ˵ĻҪˣѵ
ǫڰڣڽҲˣȥ
ǣ
ȥ˳ȥˡ
һʱҹѾ׵İˡ
ʷ鷿ȴǵƻͨ
ǫŭĽĶ˳ȥȻдһЩġ
Щߵ
һʮڣһˣһҲûʣ
дŵΪҩ趾ǫǲŵģͨһҲ֪һͼݡ
ǾĵͼݣܹɹΪҩ߾лһ֡
ڰǰֵ˾֪ϵٹٵʱҪһҶģֱ˵˺û
ҲܹõеĲҶܹͨũ֣һһôˣһǸӡ
ԽԣӾڵԽãΪҶϡȱҪҲòôΨпͳȥľƳҩԼ͵ˡ
лһ־пͳȥˡ
ΪŻڴʱ򣬵һɵ˾лһ֡
˿̣ˣˡ


132 
ʷһ, һʷ״Ԫľ֡
, ֮а
Ĳ˵, ͵ϵ˼Щ
лһ֮, ɢ, ûʲôʾʵǲ̫ϵɡ
ϴӵǻʼһֱ, ϽģлһСһȴЩ
ѵֻΪǸΣ
漴ǫԼͷˡ
лһֺͨһȻҲΪ״Ԫ, Ǵʱȴ̫ʦ£ʵ̫ˡ
ôϵΪأ
ѵԼ, ȻôҲ벻˵Ĺؼ
ʱ, ҵүˣԼģ
ǫϵ룡
ǸڻԵ, ҹԼ֪һЩˡ

ʷ˵ľͲлһܸܵõ, Ϊʱ
лһ־ͱӵһη
˵η, ϾҲġ
ֻ⣬ΪηİЩϵĺá
Ŵϵ̸ǵŵĻȽ, ǰŰ״ɲͱӣ滹ðĲ衣
ֻ֪ʵ𣿡ŵһ˵
лһ֣˰һΪӰأ
ˣ
лһֱ㶵ߵСǰԼŵǰһ죬λЦĸɿˡ
лһߵһվס
վź죬壿лһվȻв裬ȴûӡ
壿ƺƺˣ̧ͷ
ԭסЩףǳʱûгȥԭ Сȴ൱ĳ졣
ðɣлһֳǰȷʵǻġ
ֻԼĴʱĻһҲ⡣
ֻȴɻų㲻ʶң
лһգգӣ˼˵Ҫʶ
ҽ¹ں˽Ķлһֵ
лһŶһŶ֪ˣ´壬ҽлһ֣
¹ںҽʮһͦͰôλôķǵýԼ壿
лһƺҲʶ˲̫Ծɫһֵ֪ˣ㡭ǲ̷ǲҲҪĽඣ
¹ں
˭Сƺô죿
лһֳ̾ϢһԱһƣЩͬĵȻôˣһˮɣѹôãԭҪˣʲôҾʹǾû˯һþȻҪˣȺúõ˯һң
˵ŻлһֽϵıӰ̰ʹơ
¹ں۽ǳ˳飬˯˯ɣΪʲôҪȥ
¹ںע֮£лһѾˣ˫ȴţϰſϣģҪ˯ 
Ǳ߲¹ںûнСӳȥĸ֡
˯ȥſϣʲôë
Щ˵ĴϾҪˣȥ̣ˣʡСǻ鷳ģ
¹ں
Ӳ˵ԴҪһ¿᲻رƣлһԴͻȻ˶ӼĲ
ֻ˵Ļ¹ںòȶüͷֳθ
λ¿״Ԫôһ񾭲
ʱ⣬ʳ˽
Էˣ£лˣλǡСԼʳЩࡣ
һİϣлһռ˴ſϣһСǱ¹ںĲ豭ռˡ
Ҳ˵ϴʱûпĵطˣڷŲ̵ĵطҲûС
£ǵôҪͷлһſ״һЩ
վֱӣǸꡣ
¹ںû˵ҵ֣
лһ֣ûûС磬Ƕͷ𣿡
лһִÿˣڰڷĹһ⻰ӳȥ
λ棡
˵λ͵ˣȴǲĽǵͨķһԴ
лһֻڶȻش𣬾ЩӲĵлˣǡ緹
ʲôͷ
лһ֣
ȥָˣлһϸϸĽΧֿһ顣
ηѵ̫ʦĻ쵰ҪЩҲöˣͱˣҲˣǸͷӻĺܣɱˣлһСֹţȻӾͿʼԡ
ûҲ԰ɣ
¹ںȴͷˡ
ܹȷˣлһֲװɵʲôҲ֪µҲ֪ھΪپȻ֪֣̫ټˡ
̫ʦĻ쵰̫ʦڵ˲٣ô˵ģλǵһˡ
ѹָԼŰ죬ƢܹھǴôû̫ʦ˸ŪǸ⡣
лһֳԱˣŰϱεˮˮģҲûſ˯Ĵˡ
һãǱǸ˯ģҾ˯ˣҳԱ˵ɣһΰɣĻˡӦܹҼ˵ġɣ
ߵǰлһһᣬɵȥˡ
泯⡣
¹ںŸԼһŵıӰˣۡ
ôһڷܺѧˣڻʹе˶һֱҪԼۿʱεضҪһƽģ֮¹ںԼƽЩװȥˡ
񾭲ʲôͨģ
ԼµһӺþƺòˣһһξûȣǿűȺĻҪӣԼŶЩ
ΪװģһǴһɾȻ˯ˡ
ǵģ¹ںȷ˯ˡ
װ˯֡
¹ںǾȵĺ۾һεĳ
Ҫͷôܹ˯ôȣ
ѵ񾭲
һҲܰôܵһ񾭲״ԪأԼݰΪʦ
þһа취
¹ںԼûʵĻѹͲܹͨ˹ͨӣҪʲô취أ
Ȼ¹ںΪ񾭲лһִ˿ȷʵʶߡ
лһȷʵ˯ˡ
ʶȻǽҩֲռˡ
ڸոգҩֲռͻȻ
Ǹо񡭡ˣ
ĸоҲҩֲռŵʱŻУǴʱлһֲûпԣҲûп飬ôԵ޹ʵأ
úİҲûд㽻̸Ĵ㣬˴һƬأʲôý̸ġ
ԣлһֳ˾ɴˣʶ˿ռ俪ʼ鿴
˿ռ鿴֮󣬹Ȼˡ
εŲǹͺͺĵأǳһƬݣʮӵӡ
лһֵ￴˿ǿյġ
ҪܹȥĻЩŵҪܹѼ˽ӽסĻ̫ˣʱ򡭡
ϧˣӵĴˡ

̾Ϣһлһֳ˿ݣּȥֲĶȥˡ
ԼţԽʱԽҪʵһЩҪ˼ġ
ԽԽˣͷʲôģŵ񲻶ģ


133 
ҩֲռ, лһæš
,¹ںȴԭ޲ýлһָ
һﾹȻľô˯ˡ
˯λ̾Ϣš
ˡѵĴ, ʲôҲʾҵĲ²⣿
ʰ궫ҪȥĹ¹ںסˣл̫ҽ, ļûʲôʾ𣿡
СһȻص£л̫ҽһھûнӹһǸʷ˱ȽϤ¡СҪȥʷ˴𣿡
ʵСҪ֪Ҫʲôʾ
ӦǲȱٶģҲûȱš
ûҲûǵ
ã¹ںӻ, Сȥˡ
¹ںֿһֶ洲ϵļһûдҪѹ, ҲԼȥˡ
˵, ǲţŹȻ˲, һ,¹ںҲ˯ˡ
˯һлһѵʱڿԼĵطʱ, ѾЩˡ
Լ, ѾǰʼȲ¹ںкֺð
¹ںôдˣ
лһ֣鲻ãֵͣൣ
鲻þʹ壬˾֣ͦ󰡡
ˣ¹ںƺ˲õһʵ
̫, ôͽںˣ
лһֵϻ濴һǷϵӡ
лһ֣ţ˯һȻͨˣˣˣǲرСһ㲻飬ҽһ𣿡
¹ںоСٿ佱Լˡ
£ں֣һһס̫Ӹ¹ںһһĿʼҽܡ
лһ۾Ȼɴ󣺡һ̫Ӹ̫ಡδţôܻĴأ
¹ںرĵĲһ䣺ۿžҪˣҪǲܿ۵ģǲǣ
лһ֣̫Ӱأѵã̫ӣԺпҼīҪ±ܹͶ̥Ļ϶ţ
¹ںɻ󣺡ŶΪʲô
лһһ֣͵īǱһ۾ܹշѵģҿҲܷƣ
ۣȿȿȣ¹ںлһֵĻˡ
Դôأ
˯һĹ򣬱仯Ȼô
ʱٿһҲǸոӣǸͲʵ״Ԫȫʧˡ
Ͷ̥ƣ
ǻûѰɣ
¹ںܹ뵽лһ˵ʵ
Ҫˣ˵׼ܹٻأͶ̥תԼҩֲռһܹԼ
ʱλŴ˵ֻһҲǼֵǵģʵʵĹŴ׻档
ֻҪˣ϶Ѫ׬
οܹλ̫ӵһηлһ־ãԼܣҲô
Ϊ̫Ӷûǰ¶¹ں˿ܹԱţлһ־֪ԼѾˡ
ʵϣҲȷʵˡ
¹ںƽ飬ͽԼ˳
лˣϣܹΪʦ
ȿȿȣЦ̫СҪٴĥʮҲһ·̫꣬ұ˰ɣֵлһֱǺĿˡ
ʦ
лһֻûôԶ롣
̫ҽԺȹԼԺӵأ
˵ˣʦô׾ȥģֻвŻǲģôЩҰ鶼Ҫᣬý̸ˡ
лһۡ
¹ںǲŵӡ
ʦ
ô鼤ŷǳܹ˵ĵλµ۵ǻʦһ֮֮ϵġ
еʱة໹ҪһģϾǽ̵ǻʵ۵ʦ
ڵ֪ܹΪʦʱһæ򵹿ͷлģλá
Ц
ĸӷˣڵʦϿЦ
㶼𣿡
ûҶԼȸô𣿡㼤
¹ںû
лһЦЦûз
˵¸ǱȽ⣬ûд£ء
ʦʲôģ˵Ǻò¡
ԸһͨеС٣̫ҽԺʱ ʱͿԻˣһҲ˹ȥˡ
һʱ̵ܶģлһֿɲ뾭ԴҪסĸо
ʱ͸оˣȨѹ޿κεУлһֺֻܿš
ٴγԡ
лһ־ܾĸɴ࣬ǳ¹ںϵġ
ʵȫû⣬˿̣ȴЩܹˡ
λѹͲܹó밡
лһҲ֪¹ںڴ˴ԭ 
֮¹ںͽӵ˻ϵּ⣬лһ֣һǰʦǽӡ
ʥּһлһͷƤ顣
̫ӣдģΪʲôҪңһĶͦܣԼʲô
һҲ뵱ͷ
¹ں˵Բܣǵпܻ֮أҲпܻۣлԼŰ죡
лһ֣̫ʦܸɳȱ¡
ôܣлһԼѾǲˣֱʵ
ǲԼôտյȥܡ
¹ںһϾͻصԼĴóһʥּлһֵ
лղݴ£Ҫʶǣ
лһ˫ӹʥּĻ࣬׾ܹŶô滹һЭ֣
¹ں˵л˾˵Ӧűһȥѵ˵лΪԼͿˣ
лһ֣·ˣ
˵һҲԼǴʥּû˵ĻԼһҲ첻˶¶
¹ںлһ˴
ĴŴлһᡣ
ԼľûҪһ̫ӵˣڵãǵԼ
λʦүǺܹܿˡ
εлһֿɲôĸˡ
ȻҪԼǰգôлһȻҲһõĻش
Ȼؼһһ·Ȼȥ˴¡
ѾɴӣֻǻûпʼʥּһȻȻľתӵлһϡ
Щʬ壬лһ⡣
ҲǵŰɣ
ȥʷлһ־Ͱ½ʦˡ
ں飬Ҳûһ©˵һ
þĶȥˣͻС治ܵĻʦܹ㵲סҲǲˣʷ˵˵
Ҳڻʱ֪ģЩǫѾлһֲֻǵһѧ
ҲʷûӣһȽܹóʱǫлһֵͺͿ׶ӵûж
лһ֣ʦȻҳӣȻҲҪɵӵ¶ǰ̫ˣܹܼĸһЩҲ
ãҵѧ͸ʷ˺ܸˡ
лһֻûп佱꣬лһֵʦ˵Ŭɼ꣬ǰϻĻ²Ϊ˰ɣ
ǫСӾǸܿļһ
ʷƲһָָۣſڣæȥɣһûгԷѵ㣡
ʦټлһֵʩ뿪
лһ˼һͷһ֣ʦΪҵģԺ˯þУѧģ
СӣʷЦһþõĿԶȥıӰһ¡
ǳˣȻ֪οˣȴֺܶġ
ָоƺڿźӳָ֮о
ӣ


134 
ү, үô˰, ĽҲûгأлһֹ, Ҿ׼ˡ
Ÿö˹, ȻֻлһֵıӰ
ʷˣСҰĵģ˶үҪʲô鲻ðģʱ̫ʦǱʵ̫񻰣
ңүҲҪ̫ˣүĥ˲ˣ
ɲĥˣ
ǰһ˵̫ʦǾҧгݵ, ܹƽĿˣȻϸĻ, ܹġ
ǫţ
ǣ
ϴʷȥ, ĻүҲܰġ
ֻϣү˲ܹ˳һЩ, ϾǱ½ĵһ顣
лһҲġ
ʦлһûͬ, һЩ黹бҪġ
˵ξлһΪô򵥵ġ
ܻû˵лһȴܹ²ó, ܹһƷԱܵĳΪԼʦ, ԼһЩߵ·ôԺĸҲǱҪеġ
ΪͨЩлһֲǰư͵ͬ˴¹ںһȥ顣
¹ںܻжûнӴˡ
лһֺĹԱͬûйټ, Ҫ֪ǳͨ͢ĻͲΪһ͢١
뿪ʷлһҲûٻؼȥȥ˴¡
ӹӣɲǾͿѣܶϸڶҪԼȥ顣
лˣʱôˣлһһ£¹ںҲ͸ϵˡ
㲻æлһû뵽ôˣ¹ںҲܹ̫Ӹ
¹ںʲôæģǾ°źأ
лһȻ
ԼҪԴ֤Լȷʵʵѧ̫ҲҪλӸӵȵ
ˣҲ˹ͬĿꡣ
ȻˣеطЩʬͣŵʱҲ̫ãһЩ֤ݵġ
Ȼǲܹˡ
ߣȥ£
ã¹ں˫ĸϡ
İ£лһֺ̫ӵһڴ°ʹ˾ǵĴС
ڵ֪һʮȫɱİҲǶ˽֮ÿĽչͬ˳һı˷񴫵ݡ
СĶǽ鵽ʲôطֲʲôˡ
¹ں۵һĹԼˮ
ԽԽȣÿҪȥôط߷ãۼ
лˣȥ鲻ˣǰҽҲ֪У컹ôȡ¹ںʵЩܲˡ
лһֵĵ˭ȣ𣿡
¹ں˵еȫճճģرơ
ٻظֹлһָˡ
ϸҲǻȥһΣΪʵûлϴ·ˣȥϴһ裬ôȥ¹ںԼˡ
Ҫ˵лһֻּҪ֪У˸Ҹʲô̫ӵڶóԺúȵĴžˣǲǣ
¹ںһȻæµŵлһʱƺһЩˡ
¹ںƵĵлѵ˵ΪҰ²Ųٸһ𣿡
лһּż¼֪ҲǱ£
Լϵ뷨㶼֪ô̫ӵģ
ܺ¹ںƵʲôҲܵĵ̫ôܹ꣬ôȵģѾ൱ˡ
ɼ϶̫۰ΰ˸ɳҲǳ͢ЩƶţûϲòԼ̫ӷųĥĥ
Ҫ¹ںһֻҪһеĻԺĻĽôֻʣһҲпܵġ
¹ںɵлһ˵Ļ֮ԼҲͷӦζˡ
ѹÿԼȥ򸸻ʱ򣬸ʵһδ¶Ķʧأ
Լ̫һˡ
ܵ飬ڸӦҲ֪ԼҲûĵİɡ
ʦ
С̫ģȴûеʦܹõƺˣ˵λѾ
ڲ»ȴҪлһֵʦʱ¹ںͻȻԼ֮ǰ̫ˡ
ҪҲܹһ뷨 ôԺƬýɽԼҪô
ܵñȥɣȻԼֻ
ʿ϶Լ̨ô
뵽¹ںͻȻ֮һ
ںллʦ̻壡¹ںܹлһʩһ
ʦ
һ̣¹ںԵǰλԼҪлˡ
һﾪ˰
ΪԼԸϰ߶˴¡
лһֿһۣҲû
ӴʼѾָͬһˡ
ЩҪ˵׵ġ
лһ֣ʦҵǴһɱ½񣬿ɷ񣿡
¹ںã
ּʼõϢ
֮ǰæµͬʱ¹ںԼһӳʵ˺ܶࡣ
۵۾Ҳʱ˲ŸԻǰԤõЪϢ 
ҪֿʱлһֵˣҲ㣬̫ӣȥ˯þ
ãעþ¹ں˯ˡ
ֹһ£ŲҰ
ץ鰸ʮˣ˴ͷıѺ¿Ѻ¹ںлһǴŴľϳּ
ǵ˴֮ϣѾˡ
ϵĻǳá
վŵڳҲҴһ¡
һôˣȻΪһ֮˽ţߣ˭Ҳˡ
Ҫлˣ֮϶ŭ
ǵģлһ볯֮ĵһ͸̫ʦ
̫ʦһ
վлһɫƽ
ղ²Ѿ̫¹ں࣬ϣ̫󣬶Э
ԼĽϣȻԼռˡ
Ҫ֪лһֱ̫ҽԺߵʱ򣬿вٵ̫ҽǶˡ
Щ̫ҽȻǲ֪ʲô¶ȴҲǷ׷лһҹϵʷ뿪ΪľҪǫʹ⺢Ӹȳ
ˣ֪ȻǱߡ
ǻ˵ã
ʷ̨̫ҽԺҲ׷׽ɣطı
ӷѾץıȴǺң
з˵ָ֤ı̫ʦĹӲʣ洦µľ̫ʦʦүȫ
̫ʦѾһ仰Ҳ˵ˣʷ̨Щӣټлһֱּ޵С
ôʹʹûϸ̫ʦһЩѹʱ
ϴĵˣ˲ʣȫ

̫ʦϹ򵹣һѣϣϳԩ
ŭ⣺һȥ޲˵һ֣򣬴֮ȫΣ
̫ʦһӾͱˡ
Ҫ찡ʱԼĻô̫ʦôͰʹˡ

̫ʦĬĬվһ߲֨ˣĳһĽ죬Դ
ϸˡ
һĳų͢ĹȴһҲˣˣ
ϵŭֱѹá
ʺȫ־Ѻ֮Ͼͱ˶ʮ壬־İӿɲܡ
ʲôҲûأ˾ͺ͵ƵĶ˵ˡ


135 
ˣˣŭĻֱվ, ͽһŵĲ豭
ˤ, ˮɢһء
Ųʺȫųʲô, ֱû
̫ʦͨһٴι򵹣, ϳһΪҵķȮӣ¾ϳ׷ͺڷ˰¡
ϣ̫ʦΪ׷ͺڷ˺ܿ Ϊأ
̫ʦʹĵͷȮӰɣϳһȮٷ£
̫ʦʹĿͷʱʲôԼӵҪˡ
, ̫ʦˡ
ԼôһӣȻѾС, Ҫô, Ҳܲˡ
֪ϵĻ֮, ˺ǺĻش
ǫ߹ٷͬ
лһ֣ũһ˱Ӹ, ͻֻݹٷŻ𣬲յƣ̫ʦǺô
̫ҽ𳤣̫ʦѾϹĵزһͿ , ôʮ˵أ
飺ͬ
飺ͬ
ûһ˵ġ
⼸ԶĶ̫ʦЩϵ
ò˵Щ͢ٶͦ˵ġ
̫ʦµһҲ˵, һͷ
ôֻҪԼ󣬻ӦܹŹԼһġ
Ͼ̹ԼŮҴʱѾˡ
ֻҪԼܹסĻ, ֻŮôһܹ¶һ
Щ侮ʯļһ̫ʦԺһˡ
˼
һбޱ˳
ɡлһָҪ˵Լܿͱһ˵ѹȥˡ
£ʷ˵
лһڳ£
꣡ڳϣ뿪ڳҲ뿪
ɢȥˡ
лһվԭأͻȻЩ
ˣ
֤֤˱Ѿˡ
ûУûдûнľ͹ȥ
ŸոȰ¹ںҪ渺ԼʱлһȴͻȻԼҲˡ
϶ˣοء
Щ¶лһǱǫĴ
صʷûгʲôȥ˯ˡ
һлһ˯ĺܲȡ
һǰڵĿ鹤һڱ⽫ٲݽĽ˯֮䣬лһͻȻԼƺЩãȻˡ
ֲԼҪԵأ
һ֣ǰе㲻ô
ʧЩķУлһԽӵҪ۾ı
¶֮䣬лһ˺ܶ
үү̵ģеģнģøģһһҲǰ
ԽԽ˵лһ־ԼԴЩӦˡ
үү̵Ĺˣ״ԪӾǻأ
СӣΪأҲûбҼСӸ͵ĺˣ
СӰֻˣ˸ӻĳʳϲˣ
ҴֶӾ
Сӣں׽!
һ֣ѧֶʮѧܻһ۾̫ˣ
״Ԫɻˣ
ˣУ
֮
֮֮֮࣬ƾ
ܺ¶Ҫǰģֻߵǰˣ֪ʱǷ覴ã
и˵ǰͷЩлˣ
Ҫ˵ֹ
ôȥлһ־ԼԴܻᱬ
һľǲܰһ
ǲôͷ˵ÿÿ죬ͺͿƵƮƮģԼҲ
лһżˡ
ͣĳԣû٣˺ܶࡣ
лһ˫ͷٴ󺰣ա죡
ȫһ㣬лһֲſĺ˳
ˣлһҲ۾
ãȻĿ˿ڴǰվŵˣлһԴЩôѡ
ôˣ
𣿡ʷ˵
лһӶ˶ڿڴվŵʦ
죬˵ˣɤۻջõܡ
˾ͺãôѹô˼ʦģ˵κ㣬ºӴȥҩĵߣлһЩƣôλˣ
ǫ˭֪Сһ˯ˣκٺúðѰСô࿪ҩĸģ
κϣʷɰһɣ̫ˣ
лһʹգ۾˵̫ˣҲá
ҩ˹ˣ
Ȼлһֿʼȡ
ֹǺҩҩ֮ǰ˲ˮʵ͸ɵĿҪҲˡ
лһѵֺһϡ֪࣬лһֻһ¾û
ԭΪ˯ڶҲûкǰһ塣
껹ΪүˣЪҲû뵽緹Ҳв
Ӳżˡ
ݣſлһ־ȻˣҲвѡ
ǫﱻлģ̫ҽһλκǰҩ·ģʷøϾлһ֣λ̫ҽҲææ
ҹлһѹ
ĨһүǰǸŻˣү⼸춼ûҳţ
лһЩƣʦˣ
ʦˣǼҲ˲١
ȻˣݵԼ
Ƥͷϸָлһ浣̫ҽκŴ᲻Լඣ
оôǫĵʡ
лһ֣öˣ
ǫʺȫˣ
лһһ㶣ˣ
û
κϣѣ˵Щ¶ʲô
ǫһֽӵĵһȻҪ֪ġ
лһ֣ȷʵ֪
Ҫ֪ĻܾûİԼƲ¶ˡ
һֱΪԼļ䣬ܹǱһЩȼ֮ģǵЩԩũһԼȻܰԩлһһӱˡ
˻нĽлһ־þǲҲֵˣ
֮˲ʹ˭ˣ
ʷ˿˿Լѧ˫˫ɵİ̾ȻΪ¶
̫ʦ˱һ½գ
лһһĵ
ֻؽգ
ôˣҪ˵ֻһʣлһǲŵġ
ôˣûв̫ʦ׿ϣܹôˣ
㰡Ҳôˣ̹̥ģô˻̥ҲΪѣ
лһ˵ǫ˵ţֻεС˺ࣺܶˣǲټھˣ̫ʦһ鷳ģΪʦȻܹһʱȴǻһ
лһֿȥﲻ֪ʲôʱֻ˸ˡ
ʦǫһλһдҩκϣолһԼˡ
ʦҾǱؼҲû¶ֻϣҪ۵Ҽˣ
ǫΪأ̼һΨһжֻвˣˣ
лһһݡ
ԼҪǻؼҵĻ̫ʦԵʱ϶Ϊھǵ۵˵İ
ǲûˣ


136 
лһֵʦ, ô, һһ˵, ֻҪ۵Ҽ, ʲôУҪҾھǲˣ뺦ҾͲ۵˰ɣ
ƣȴǺ
ϵ, һ̥Ĺ߷磬лһ治һؼˡ
ۼˣ
ԼҪĻȥ˵Ļ, ҲᱻԼ۵ġ
ô죿
ҲؼҾھǶ, Ҫİһ͵ɣлһҧгݡ
, 䲻, ƶƣ֮νɷҲлǰο
ǫκæʩ񣺡꣡
ҧгݵİϵлһ֣
ƽڼﲻЩ, л, ڷˣ
лһһҲܿͷӦԭŵŬҪͱ¹ˣȿȡ
ҪĸζȳӣϸϽл䲻ö, ŷţ
϶˵ˣһţлһ־ûŬˡ
ʵЩ⵹װġ
лһֲŸոɺãϵѶʸл䣬ּϣл䲻Ҫʧ
ڻȡһʥּݵǫǫתлһ 
лһ¶˫ӹȻɲסˡ
ѹɽ󰡣
ֻǫ˵İ°ˡ
ڴ˵İΣ֮κεʧ
л¡Ϊ֮꣬ʳĲؾлһҧڴϹã˫ıʥּĵ
ˣãƽ
лһٴΰɺá
ڴĻϣվһԵǫκϣĳĬ˺һ
лһֲŴ˸еѹֵƽ£һ𣿡
ϣԣ
Ҳûľͬ⣬лһ־ȻеĪĸж
Ҳô˽
¿ݳ翴һ游ĸ͵𣿡лһֺСĵʾ
ּҪĵطɲ
ΪüܹƽҪ̫лһֻϣܹͼ˵
ߣⱲӣ˵ܲټء
ϣɣ㲻ҲҪ̽׵ģ
л£лһϵĵл
ϻ˻ӣеСҪл˵£
ǣ
ǫ˶˳ȥֻлһֺͻϡ
۵С۵ĿһſڣҽƼл䣬˵ҽ˵ã̹̥쳣ϣܹȷ̥ǷΪӣ
лһ֣ʲô
£ֻѧҽң·̫СĻ̫ҽҲŮɣ
̫ҽѧõΪǲ̫Լˣ
Ȼ·ݴ֮󣬰̥ʲôģлһҲͣһǲ̹лһ־ر𿹾ܡ
ҡͷǿŮȷ̥Ƿ޵ģ
лһ֣
лһôУϻǽӲлһԴˡ
ߵʱ򣬻˵ģлܺЪϢˣ뾩֮ǰ޻빬һˣɢɢģ
лһֻܹô˵ֻӲͷƤл¡
ԼƴǵĻ᲻ᱻһؼأ
ܻؼǲǾǵĸ˺ʹӵ˴ȥ
ҪܹϿʲôҲ˵أ
빬Ҳȫûкôˡ
лһţϼȻô˵ˣ϶лɵġ
˵ҲǣôˣֻӸŮɻľزۣȴҲûС
ʱ̹ͻȻ֮˵ˣҲ
ֻǵô£лһҲҪܹ֮ȷˡ
*
ָٴ빬
лһָ̫ҽһȥģƽ
ɾƽĳҲǾġ
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Цվ⣬ǰ̫ҽ΢лһ֡
̹ʹӹ֮һֱԴ𣬶˵ǲ̹
Ϊˣڴʱָ̫ҽǰ˿û˵Ļɡ
̹ǰŮվţڱ̫ҽʹȥȡ֮󣬾Ϳʼ
̫ҽźþʾлһְ
ͰѹˣȻǿʵһͬлһֲҪġ
лһְ󣬵˵ͷ
飬ȷϲ
ֻǣлһȴվ֮ЩĿһ̫ҽ
Ҳ˵ʲôʰ˱̥ҩͳˡ
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Ÿһ䣬лһͻȻ̫֮ҽĺ԰첽ȥ
Ĺźͺ԰һС·ոǡ
ڲǰ·ôأ
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˴ģܻٴȥɣʱ˾Ȼ⻹˵á
ںæܣġ
Ҫ֪ʵĻ͸ҪҾ͸㲻֤ʵǱģлһСŹĶߵ
лŵһ£ָлһ֣лˣūûģ
ɵ𣬻
˵
Ϊеԭ һһ޵˯Ű
лҪ˵ʲôĻѱϻỳɰ
ôôҲ˼أ
лһæ˳ëۣǾͿ߰ɣͷʮȫˮȺȣ֤ĵĶ̹
ɣ˵л˵ʮȫˮˣ˵ȥģūȥ
лһ֣ô˵İ
̫ҽһҲûС
лһ̫ҽԺһ̫꣬ҽͼʶλлС̫ҽ֮
Ҫʶһء
ĵĽ԰
Ҳʣд̫һƣЩϾͽˡ
ʹǻʼңǰóģﻹҶ˵һ֣
ûб˷֣˾Ĵ£һɽ
ɽԱһͤͤ˲ٵĸͲˮһȺŮػصĲţƺڵʲôƵġ
Сĵܿ𣿡
ȣлһ˵һ֡

̫ҽ
Ը˵Ҳֻܵˡ
ԼһյĹͤͻȻ
˵ȵĶҪ˯ˡ
̫ҽϸ첲ȵģʵվסѾྻڼɽʯͷˡ
ɽкܶп϶ģſ϶ҲܹԼĿͤˡ
ʱͤĹŮ˵Զֻĸˡ
ڰʱλŮŮӣڼɽĸ˶һ𾪡
̫ҽ𾪵ǣܻûлһֵķͤŮӣǾѾ뵽ĳֿܡ
лһ𾪵ǣŮ˳񰡡


137 
òĻ, Ůӳļѷֱ˴ˡ
ȴҲЩ, һĿεĻ, Ӧ֮, Ͱʱ޼
һλ߸ͷΣڶǰ΢߹ޱȡ
߸һΣֱǽˣ
عĻ, ¹ãʱɴŮӲˬΪ˯, ²δޣ
˾ͺ, Ҫ֪Լݣӳ֮, ʱڼһ, һΪָһźû£˽ôæһģ
лл, þϲߴ͵, ϵľͲ뿪ǣΪأ˵ɫ
ߴ͵ӣǿɲܹġ
ǲԼ͵ڹ, 뾹Ȼÿĺ£Լʱ򣬾ȻǸһ˯ˣˣ˺ӡ
ҪϽø޳ȥȴǲ룬ڴµʱ򣬻ͻȻصǵ̸
֮µʱմãʹǹػġ
һָı⡣
İԼģԺ߻иĻҲ˵
ԣ˫̥þôĳɺӰӣһͻϷ
ȫŮͤ˼ûע⵽Աߵļɽи˶ȥ
ϾǶ˯һŴϵˣ϶ԴȻʵȴܹоó֮ƽʱΪˣԲŻ뵽лһ̽¡
ˣϲģΨлһġ
лһֺ̫ʦг𣬿϶ǲģлһֻҽҩϺ˼죬;˺ܶࡣ
ԣ̽лһֵʱͽ齻
ȷʵͦ⡣
ԽԽ󣬶ܹóˣ¶治٣Ҳֵͦġ
һֱĲ죬뿪ͤȷΧûˣŴӼɽĵ뿪
Ƚ̫ҽ𾪣лһţԼԴܱܲס
ڲ֪ʱͷϱһ͵ĴñӣժҲժˡ
֪ôһ¶ϻ᲻Ϊ˲ֱӰأ
£̫ҽҲ¡
˭ԴҲģ˾ûˡ
һ飬һ˵ǡ
лһ֣ȷ񣬳뿪ʱΪûиϣߴ·ԭת˺һҲûҵ̫ҽΪߣֻһ԰ЩƵŮƺ˵ߣһʮ㣬һλ߸ŮͦݵӣΪ̫ԶûǰһֱǶ뿪ˣתͼһֱҲ΢̫ҽ
ū̫ҽߵ̫죬ûע⵽лûиϣϽ͹ײϣǻһԵͷ˺һ
̫ҽǣϳȶˣʵ̫ˣվ˺þã˺þãӲĵطȿɲǶ
˵ĻȻе©໥ܹԲ
Ҫ˵Ѿ˵ˡ
ŮӳеƣԶûпϾǹôܹ̫Ŀأ
ߵûлУ˵Ĺϵлһ־Ͳ֪ˡ
̫ҽ֪ŮȻͷпǲһͲˡ
һ⣬Ҫ˵ʧпܵģ͹Ů˺þҲûҵ·ΨһĿܾǡⲻ˿˻԰ӵġ
˶ͷΪƽ
ʵʺںöˣڰһҪӰǧ𱻿ԴС
գȥˡ
ȥɣ²ᣬȥˣ
˵ʲô鰡Ȳ֪
ϰڰڡ
һĶͦеġ
ʱҲãÿĲ˵Ĳ˵Ĳ
˼죬лһֻΪĹȥˣͻȻ֮䣬ʷ˻ʱһϢ 
𣬲ϰ˾ɥ
ʱлһͷ亹
ϰ˵ûˡ
̹ûΪ̫ʦ£ڴʱлһȴ˿ûоκεĸ˵ġ
ͷŵĶ⡣
ȨһԶĻȨ
ĻҪ£
лһֹ˺һҵԼʦȥ˱߹ػᰲȫ𣿡
ǫǰȫأ䲻Ҫٻؾˣ
лһصĵ˵ͷ
̹ôܳ˵ŪŪˣԼ֪ϴñӵأ
̫ҽôˣ
㻹˼ȥܱˣ
лһڨڨĵԴȷʵǹܲˡ
ʷˣ̫ҽˣǰһߵģ·ڻ²ѣȻڵǰ
лһ֣ȥ̫ҽ𣿡
ǫļ򣺡ã죬Ҳûʱ俴ˣ͵û磬Ȼٸϸ߹ˣ
㿴ôеʱŻŻľá
ôˣǰȵĹİӰɡ
лһֶˡ
ʦڵ
ΪˣԽйص鶼˵Լˡ
ͨ
лһ˫ϥ򵹡
飡
ſ˸ͷÿͷص졣
ǫæ˫ʦͽˣں𣿡
лһ֣ʦԺѧТˣһҪౣ壡
ǫ֪֪ʦôᣬܱأܱصģ
˵˵ۿȴͨһƬ
Ǵġ
ôΪʯʷ˶ͽ࿴ˡ
ǸǿТ˳Сһһת۾ͳô
ڻļǵãлһֵһԼʱּͱС
ͽܣǫǰĸ
ֻǣȨĵʦͽ˭֪´μأ
һ죬״Ԫæ
淲лһֵĶ˳еļķʷеֱ͵ھҼȥһȸˡ
ʷʮ̳ӾƣǱ̳ƣλ̫ҽҲ̳Ӽĳ¾ֺͼλҲǸյлһ͵ľơ
˵ϵԼ˺ȵģԼġ
ڣԼûʱˣԾТλˡ
˾лȴǲƽġ
¿״Ԫôĺ䶯ȴ˵͵뾩Σ컯Ū˰

Ϊ߹صʹ֪ҪĹְڲٳʮлһ˵һˡ
ڱ߹ذе˱ǱߣһҲûбĲټ
ˣ׳嶯
ûǵ̫ʦĻܻҲᵽһ
ϧˣ
ϧ
лһֲΪ
Ǳ߹
ͱͷۼȣлһΪǰѾܺˡ
ڶ죬лһִ뿪˾ǡ
ʱһһ
ĶȻߵھ֣ԺһˣȻǲټˡ
˳ţлһִ


138 
سע, ͼлһְԼĹٷ
ߵС
ͨ
򵹣
飡
ߵÿ죡
ʱͷѾѪ
лƴ
ҡҡͷ, лһĿһ۳, Ȼ, һ̵ʻԶ, ֽмҡ
ǵĹƮɢ, Ժ󣬴˴ķֻܵһƬˡ
ʹ鷿
϶Ŷʮ̳ӷ̳ľƣһ֦˲, 鰸ϣʳ
ˮײˡ
һζģһԭζġ
лһ뿪ǵʱѾ͹, һֱոŴ˵лѾߵ֮ˣſǰĶЩ
˵, ǺǲڹޣͻȻڵ
һæΪл˷ķ, ŵǱȻԶ˵㣬ȴҲܹ˵, һЩ, ǰ, лٻ϶µĿĵģ
𣿡
һ֣ر£ã
áøƨ
ˣ
̹С¶ϼ¾͸ˣ˽ˡ
̫ҽԼ·˸طĳ, ô˾ͱȫȫˡ
Ǳشʮ, Ҫˡ
Ƚ˵Ҳҵľлһˡ
û׹ȥ, Ժʮʮ궼ҪΪˣܻܲҪʱϵˡ
ȷʵ˵ȹЩлһֻǵʱʲôģ˭֪أ
ʱˣΪڻϸǰ̺˶Ȼ֪ô˵
ϲʲô˵ʲô¡
Ҫٰܲˣ
϶ˮײ˳һڣǫЩ
ҡͷرµĻʮ̳κõĲûеģľʲôģŵ˵л״Ԫ·ѺͲŷ˸ϵģ
ֳһƷζǲԵٶҲζ
ǣоȴǺ͵һڹӼС̯ϳԵȫһˡ
Ϊ˵˺ͼǰȫͬ˰ɣ
̾Ϣһ϶һ˸ɾһ͵ʷʷ˳ʣ

һһյͦųȥּȥˡ
鷿Ļ΢΢ҡҡͷȻԱߵۼæ
ˣҪʱĥһֱܹ˳ֵġ
*
ʷǫڽӵʹ͵ˮײʱ˫ᣬֱꡣ
ԭСˣ
Ȼû˵ܹԼĳʳó˵ٷˡ
ˣ
ʹȥл֮ʷ˲ûнϲǺ¸Լѧдȥ˵
˵Ķԣѹܹõĥ
͵Ǹͽһʺϵɰɡ
Ϊʦʧźã
*
лһֲ֪ʦ뷨һ·Żؼҡ
ʱ㹻θµʱ лһȴ֪Ŵ·жߣϤټɽ·ԶģǶ౸һЩȽϺá
ҵʱл˼ˡ
ӳˣھǵˣʱ侭ѽ
䲻ĻˣһӶ˵ĲС
лһҲ߸˵ļ˳˷ڶõϢл֦ҲźӻˣĽЦݵĿлһָϽСš
㣬ôôݣлһֵǵʡ
л֦֮ǰеʱֺģڳ˶Ӵĵطһ㻳еӡ
ȫһСĵķŴǰЩϱһֱ̫β̫ãŵĲᣬС㡭
л֦ۼԼʲôҪ⵹Ͻס˵ʲôأСӣû¶·ݴˣˣȥɣָ˲٣϶ܸ˰ɣ
лһֵͷЦˣ˵춼ò£ˣ
У
ӣл֦֮һ˵лһ־ͽ˳
ȫЩƮ
СӣȫÿμĪҲ֪ô¡
˵ʲôҿɸ㰡µĻͺ˵ʲôҲ֪ģң˵˵Ļģشϱ
οϱֻˣǾǸˡ
ȿҪôͽ˵
ʲôȫСûԼ˵ܣͽ˹
лһֵݸ顣
򿪿֮ȫˢľͰˡ
л־֪ܲĵطȫ֪ûȥȴҲ˵ġ
Զڱ߹أ֮ң˵ʺģΪܻŵ񶼱ԵˣĵطȥΣСĲô˳İ
֪ĻһᵣģѹȰԼгˣǡ
ȫ۾㷢ˣ̫ˡ
ȫ˵
лһҲû˵
˺һȫ΢΢ֽ黹лһ֡
˭Ҳ˵ǸɰͰ͵Ǳߡ
ҾʹȥˣûʲôҪ˵𣿡
ȫ ˵ʲôҪ֪ΪûиҪԶеĻһģ⡭
Ŷ
֪͵֪Сӻˡ
ǲܵģԼҵºӴæģֻҪлһͻϹȥ֪
лүôô֪ܲ
л֦׵ܵܣ˿װ֪Լǲܰµġ
Ѱˡ
˵˵ϱѹ
ҽʲôΣлһͻȻ
лһҪȥ߹ظεϢǰȫ˵л֦֮ǰ¾ûôˡ
˵˱ҲǰɣһǰͻȻһֱΣεε㱻ˣҪͷҪǲ˵˰ɣҺ˵˵Ǽʳ¶
ȫͣ˵ˡ
Сӵɫˣ
лһ֣ʳʲôģ
۽лһװν˵˵ҽ¶ʳʲô˵
ɱ𷢻𣬾ǣ֦һֱε£ĩ˰ɣͷŻˣؼüأЩһӾˣҰĸȥס˼죬Ļţ֮ǰʲôķڴͷ˯һȾˣ
лһȦ΢졣
иǺеģǽ֮ǻٵӦɣ
ǱߣȫϻӴˣͣҲͣĽ࣬˵ţЩӿǰҲŻˣûĵᡭ
˵Żʹл֦ȫڸʲôأ˵ЩеûģҪôʰ㣡
ˣû˵ʲôҲû˵ⲻСӾʲôøɵ𣿡ȫ˵Żлһּ۾Ȼվһ̵ȥˡ
һ֪ȫ˵ʲôл֦˵Ц
ѡˣ
ĺһлһֽ˵ȥլԷ
ĵһȻүӺ̫̫Էˣǵźͱ¡
ݼˣŮֻУʲôС
˵ϾͰ˽׼õķ˶˵լȥ
лһֿææһԲʱİæ˵ĻĽ㣬ԼӦܹĵȥˡ
㣬Һͽȥүү˵һæʰʰһһȥ
л֦Цŵɣȥɣ˵ˣҺ͹ȥˣ
ȥֱȥլǲڼˣϵһͱ峤ȥˣǹڽҩճɵ顣
ҲֺǺǵĵ֪֪
лһЦų˼š


139 
ȫһҲЦŸų, ֻһԺţһӾˡ
Ҫүү˵Ҫ극˵ȫķǰ˵Ļ, ˻Բá
лһֿЦ˵İ, е
ȫСӵЦѿ
һտŵ, ֦, ǾͰס, һչ˺õүү̺ʹ󲮼Ҳ£, пţҲΣǹģȫ˵
Щ, Ҳ֪˿ߵСܹȥʹѾǺˡ
ضɣѡĲ̫á
뵽ԼϱǸ, ȫر, ܾεԭ
лһ֣ʲôʲôͽûйϵԼԭ , , Ͱи, 鴦˵Ļȥ֪½ɽԣæϵʦ, ⼸ú, ȥ˱ȽϷܹˣ
ȫ˹Ƶ˵Ŷ, Ҽˣŷźõģ
С̫ˣôᰲοˣԺҪл˸һЩУȫš
ֻиˣһҵ¶Ҳ٣լүүʹҲҪӦţлһ˼ǰ˺ܾãǽ½˽ȫϡ
ԽãһĻҲܹĸһЩûаŽһʲô
뿪֮ǰбҪͽ̸̸ҪʾĲС
лүӺͰڿŮˣЦľͰ˸ӭˡ
үү̵ĽţҪڼԷǰڸ˵ĺϲ£졣
ųԹ緹ȥģû뵽ľȻҪԷ̫òˡ
ˣ󷿵Ҳˡ
ϵǽͷͽ󷿵˸ˡ
һҪһլԷҲЦӦˣոõɶ˹ 
һݴ˾ͽһЩ˶˹ˣϺϵҲȥæʰ
ڻел֦ðϸԼţ֣ڴ¿ţż˵˵Ҳŵš
лһֺȫлүӣл־ƽл־֮󣬾ͱлһֵϢˡ
ʲôʹлүӿЩһ顣
ʹлһֵλش
л־ʲô٣ô
ȥǵл־ܹȽϳģоҪһӣЩ˵׼һ䡣
лһ֣֪˻Ҫһ㣡
л־ŵĺܴǺˡ
֪Ҫߣ
ȷʵ㲻ʲôˡ
лүӺл־ƽɵˡ
֪öĹٶ

ﰡôߵĹôŲأлڿ˹ĳĬ
л־ƽл־ҲɻĿ˹ 
ɲ
˵ôĹ٣ӦǸ˵˲õĴ°
˵Ҫ˾֪ɣҲӦ߼ˣǺӶˣôһֱûأ
ȫվ
лүӵ˶˹ 
ȫԴ¶һ䣺ʲôҡ̫ˣ
ȣʲô£С˵лүӵ
Сһһէģŵ˼ϲˡ
ȫɵ£Ŷ
лһ֣СӰ˵ﲻˡ
лһ֣
ҲûҪýæ˵ģүүȻˣлһҲͲˡ
ͽԼҪεĵطر˵ˣֽ߹ص΢Ľһ£лһֽε˵֮лүǶסˡ
л־ȿʵٵǺûǲأ
лһ֣ȻǺãеΪһҲһܹﵽ߶ȣ
лүûʲôõİ
ȫһԲ䣺ǵطЩԶЩ̫û죬ﻹ˵ǰҲԲʱ򣡡
лүĵһȫ
ȫֻ˵ʵ
ʲôлү˵ˣ۵Ķۡ
л־ƽһĽӲ
л־ѾסһЩˮ˳ָ˳
ܵźӿޣĵطԺҪô
үү󲮣ⲻͦõǴأ
ǣǰʲôź лүһ¶ӣ˵ȴǴԵʡ
û£û£ǸոзɳӴˣͺã࣡л־ʹĨĨϵҲĴָĨˣ˫ͨͨġ
˭ҵĺ˭ۡ
˵ոСȥǾ޴ľϲĻôڿ϶㲻Ǿϲˣ
ŸȷһЩ
ҲѹֺһֱµģôԶôߵĵҲزһˣôĵطĹĺѵġ
ǲ֪ӦôŶԡ
˵𣿡лүͻȻ濴һʵ
лһͷûأ극˵ģǣûס˵ˣ
лү̧ԣǺ£극˵ߡǣȥΣ
лһ֣죡
лүӣͻȻ䲻ˣ
лԲԵЩ֡
ŮǳԵ˵ЦģǸ¶ġ
극ϻò룬һлһֽոյĻظһ顣
ʱлҴһĹϲЦЩŮ˾Ӷࡣ
ֹһȴֻ˿
ΧھǣлҲºӴһ˼ҰЦֿ޵ģûʵ
ʱлŮ˵Ŀͣˡ
̺ﻹн۾޵ĺģлһֺۣȴȻ򶨵ţСİοš
ʥּûκθıġ
οߵԶҲкô̫ʦԼ鷳ҲҪȥ߹ԼĴУһ֮ڻǰȫġ
Ҫ֪̫ʦĶŮûˣȻлһֿģҲǺйϵġ
֮ǰѾ̫ʦˣټ£ѾҲк͵ĳԹˡ
Ϊ˼ˣлһ¶İһֱ뿪ӡ
լ뿪ʱ򣬰ϽŹֲſۿҪ͵лһֵլ˲ͣ½š
̼סɣһֱүүأ
ϺܶģҪ뿪ôãסһǿԵİɣ
ֻûкүͱлүӸֹˡ
лһ̫̫ﻹʰȥסСӣģһүүأ
үү֪鷳ϰæˣ
ģȥˣ
ǡ۾ˢľ͵ˡ
ͷôôأ
Ҳ֪үӵƢԾֻ˵һ
лһֻ˵ʲô˵ͻһͷĻլȥˡ
ҹ·㣬л־ֽ˻ȥ
ʱѾһʱ֮ˡ
ϵլֹӣлһֲɵЦ
л־ܵĽСָʲô
лһϵл˵ɱԼôģ
Уƨҡȥ˯ˣл־ݾҪݡ
ݱЩβȣ𣿿СӵĶûʰ꣡
ˣһʰǻݣҲϽЪϢ컹Ҫ·
л־˵仰ϱĶһԣ˵Լϱˡ


140 
·
ҲԼϰɣ
飡
ž
Ŵ, ˩ˡ
лһ֣ȥˣ
кܶ໰Ҫ͵˵أһݵĵһֱû, Ҳ뿪ˡ
ǿҪϺԶ·, Ե͸ʱϢ
̫ܵˣ
ٿһ԰æ·Ľͽ, 㶵ĿһĻ, е㲻̫, ôܲ˵ĺ̫Ծ
лһ߹ĶҲһԵ㣬ҲȥЪ, ʰĲˣӾһֱģװϾ, ûʲôʰˣ
ﲻڸǰУǲš
ȫϾվС˵, ֦, ǻȥЪţһٹʲôҪֵ𣿡
аɣл֦Ҳվ
һϲǾ, л֦Ҳͦ, С˵ǲܵ, ʱлһô˵Ҳûƴˡ
ٰæʰ£Ҳȥס
Ķȷʵͦ, ȫڽˡ
ڿǵ֪ܵҪٰ, Բûȫڳİɣ
ȫл֦ ȴһµĶлһ֡
лһְڰ, ˼ǸϽȥϢɣٹˡ
ȫЦϱҲˡ
Сã
лһεЦЦȻͿʼһЩܹõõȴ̫ռطĶյҩֲռҪȥġ
ܲ˹ȥˣȻͻȻ֮óôĶɣ
һϣлҺܰ
ֻ֪ôµġ
ڶһ磬лһڼ˰æʰ֮ѸٵĳԹװʱ򣬾Զ
ͣĶлһֺϵһԺš
㣬ӦûᶯŶԡ
һţͼѾͣˣͣǼſڡ
үү
һ¶һ̫̫
̣
ϳлүӣڳǰϡ
ڵлһ״Ԫ֮ģƽʱʱǷϴŵģû뵽һ羹ȻϹˡ
лһתһˣЦŽ̴ӳϷǡҵģҺͦģ
ãרԼж
л־˩ԼǰԺŴ󳨿¶Ժװֳ
лүӵ˺øˣҪһܾ̲ȥˣ
ģҡүү˵ʲôлһʵ
лүӣҺһȥΣͻСطúܶһ취У
ϣǾˣ
лһ֣ⲻ̫ã̫Զүү̵ҪڼҲТ˳ģ
ôԶĵطү̫̫ȥΣ
ǲΣдȥ
ԼСЩȻûʲôλҲš
治ǿЦ¶
ϣУǵøţҪǲģ
л־ûʲôĵģҺͺȥϷһٶʮģ
ݴڵĻ͵ǰ캢ӵϼһ˵ˣǸŵİ
ģǶţϲ
лһ֣̫ͻȻˣ
ôһҹ֮䶼Ҫˣ
գһúõ˵˵ס
ϵȥүү̻ȥʱ򣬾ҪԼȥ¶ˣʱүү̲ûҪȥ¶ʱֻš
ڵ˴ҹҲû˯ţգȷˣҲøŲС
Ȼ󣬷˸˯ˡ
ǵĹͬ뷨ǣСӵѧʺãطֻЩ֪ôܹãһ˺ܶҩӣҪҩӺֲҩĵգ
лһжˣ
ʱʱ̵̿ĶΪԼ룬ĸжĲҪҪġ
ֻǣлһָʵʵ
ԼѧʺãͬʱҲȥεΣա
ֱӾܾ
Уүү̣Ƕøȥһ˾Уλˣҩľģ磬֣Ҷеģ
Ϊôһ˵үӾͻˡ
лһϵǣүӾȻӰҳһŵ˹
лһֲĽ˹򿪿꣬ͷϵʮߡ
ʦʲôʱŸģ
ĵ͵ˣֻǸ˵ǿˣǰſģæˣʷ˵˶УǱ߶ܹſģǸȥȫͲ⣬СӣүүôˣûȥôԶĵطأ
Ҳûȥл־Ҳ
лһ֣ȥȥ
ȻǼ˶Լֵ֧һ̬ȡ
ʦȷʵ˵ôһ仰ֻܾʦǹ˵ġ
ô꣬ʦûиԼл˴ţεãԼֱүүȥˡ
Ҫ˵ʦģô벻ͨ
ôʦҲҪü˸ȥ
лһ־ĿţٿһȷҪŵļˡ
˶˲١
лүӺТó˵ˡ
գлһֻõͷͬ⣬үү̺͵ﶼȥ
⼸λҳͬҲа
һТֶ죬˵ô೤ˡ
ʦǵĸһЩ򲻿רˡ
ҪĸΣҪʰĶ͸ˡ
ʰһ磬簲׵Ѷźã˾ˣһǰһ뿪˴ӡ
峤ŴǶ͡
˸ʹ
֪ҪߵĹٶأ
ʹҪȥˣ
ܹʹΣҲٵĲС
л֦ȫı£޵ĺġ
ܵˣˣүүҲȥˡ
л֦ʱһֱƢƢĶȫ
ԼеĻҲܸȥТүү̣չ˵ĵܵˣ
ȫͻе˲ܽ
е˻ԼϱǾ͸Ҳġ
ʲôģǶ˵ģԼϱĻžС
л־ƽһСҲˡ
ٷֱǰл־ӣԺҲһЩ
л־ȻǲҪģͷ⼸Ҳ׬˲٣һܹóȷʵͦġ
үӿڣл־ʵѲֻһ
յ֪һҵУ˼˼ܹܣһôѹˡ
үӲƫУл־Ķȥˡ
ڴҲùӲǣ
ۿӰˣ˲ɢ
л־ƽȴڴںþúþҲԸؼȥһֱɬһֱл־ƽԡ
ڸ·лүӲ֪ӵĸ뷨Ϊʵûʱȥġ
ûгʱûоãĸ·ˣڲž˵ܴ
ӹǾͺɢƵģĶ̹
ΪܹһЩĶһַǰݳĵط˶㱻ӣġ
ǣܵĵطһܡ
̫̫һθҲûУŸ·̫̫ɫЩ̫ÿˡ
лһһȥ϶УŲһ·ء
һһҵЩȻһһСᣬһʵЧķˣǵ̫̫˵ĲС
·ܹԼûôܣһٶð


141 
лνİ취ˮ·, ½·任н
⻹ڿջԷʱСϲ˵ʱ˵һ䣺ͦģ
̫̫û, ҲǵһγôԶ, һд, ϾͺȤӡ
лһһȻ, 綼ȥԡ
Ͼǰδһ˵
ܾϲǼûһδ, ·ֹһ˺һһվ, л˾͸ȥˮ·
һϴ̫̫үӾһֱڴͷڵˡ
ʰ, ʱʧˡ
λ鲻ĿŴľɫ
лһֹʱүү̲ͣĿΧ
лүӣĶˣ
ϣɲ𣿿ǹ뵽ķӣô˰, ĸ
лһù, Цẉ̂ɲڴͷ, ôȵɵעŽ, Ѿ׼, ȥԷɣ
лүӵ
ڴһֱˣûоһĸо
лһֵүүǸ, 𣿡
ϣҲЩ, òģ
ڴǲ׵ģҲô, ӣͦ볢ġ
лүӹȻҲ˵ˣУ߰ɣ
лһַүүվȥ
һҪݣԷʱǰл־Ĵġ
խĴݣһ˶ԵЩӵˡ
ҪԵģϾһ·кԶʱҲܲˣԣԶҪʱģǲóԵ̫öﲻ˾С
ȷʵ
⴬Ϊ׼ʳҲͦȫģǱҪĶࡣ
ڣлڲȱ㻨
һ˵ˮ·г̡
ǰ컹ã˵죬үӺ̫̫Ͳôȥˡ
лһ֪ˡ
ķ羰ǲֻڴϿķ羰ǲġ
·ĴߵˣĶ˾ͻˡ
лһڿռҳһүӣ̼塣
үӿͦ˼ģ죬үүл־ڴ塣
̶ûжȤǺһ˲ѡ
죬Ӵ
̫̫ԭת˺һ
̣ﲻ𣿡лһֹĵʡ
ϰ֣ûôûմˣڻڴأ
л˶ЦӦǡ
Ҳĸо
лһ˵ҵһʱҲ߾ˣȥͳȥվԷɣôһֱ͸үү̲Ӧ˰ɣ
ôܲӦͦõģǰ㻹ûأǰɣһֱ㣬Եһֱζɢȥ
лүӣǹ컹壬죬մǡ
л־˿죬ĴȻ
үӵƷֱӡ
㲻ˣлүӷֶӿһ䡣
л־ûУһԺûأ
лүӣ⻹࣬ߣԷȥˣ
л־׵׵иͬ뷨ҲС
ˣԷȥɣȷʵˡ
ڴܾóԲֲ⡣
վǻϣĳһ١
ȫ˵ţϸģ϶Ǻһ˯ģ˵ǲģţϾ̫ˣȥҲġ
͵˽ţǳ̹ģܹлһһҹϳҲɺϡ
ϸ¸̹ʱˤˣûۿҪҲˣųûкʵĻû뵽ȥҸϳġ
ʱҪһЩǸĹǮడ
͵̨Ǿ͸ʮأ̹ĻԲȲҲҪܹ׬
лһ֪Ƚѣǰ֧ӣܹ֮ãһţϾӦˣⲻȥͼ˵һۿǰӣҲǷĵĸţʰ˶
˵ʰʵҲǶһƵ󶴵£ʮӵıӣľʲôҲûˡ
лһֿ˿ȷʵͦãɶҲûУȷʵʡġ
ţԺһԷ
ţǿɲУҿ˹Ǯģ˼ҵģ·ĳʳȼĹöأıȻǳˣǺô˵ľܳ弢ˣЩӻؼҹӡ
лһ֣Է㣬ҵģô£Ӧõģÿ
л˺һԱ˵ţܸжͬˡ
̫ˣ
ţ˯ˣȴȻţϾҲҪϵģţһÿ·չ˼ϣҲ᲻š
ôһлһ־͸ˡ
ˮ½ʱʹżȥûˮ½ʱ򣬾´ܿԣһҲż
תۼ䣬һ¹ȥˡ
˶ʮʱ̫̫Щϻ˴ˮݣ˶Ӧͦá
ϻЩص̫̫ÿ춼ŶˮˮлһֶһЩҩֲռˮָĺܿ졣
ÿҲһЩϾ·˻ر𲻷㡣
ǿҪȥСʹȥɴµˣôأ
ôˣǴǰҲڲҲǺúõ
˻
ȻǹҪȥΣ϶Ҫ֣Ϊ˿϶˺
һǰδеͳһ
ʱլ֮л־Ҳǻ֮˵£Ļöӷ֣ʰһЩлһ̵һҲðˡ
ҹʰ˼ҵһˣۿſҪˣôܳȡ
ż໥İοͶлһֵıġ
ˣԼδϣ
ĵطֻҪˣֻҪ룬Ҳܱĳϣڴ
ԼԼͰɣ
лһЦδҪõķȥߵġ
̨  ߹ʹڵء
˳һʮ·ڵˡ
ʹĸŵʱл˾۵⡣
ţͦģлһּҵĴҪǸŵͬʱȥ⡣
ֻǣţ̫ˣ
վſڴȥüƵĴȭͷСľ嵲ŵģľ֮仹ѾĥߵӰһģôôס
Сֹһ䣺𣿡
лүϿԼϰ鶣Сεĵط˵
æͷϽĿΧ⻰˴ȥˣõӰ졣
ڣΧ˲٣ֻǶͷû̧ͷġ
лһ̵ַĸ첲ôţ͵̣ްģʵˣ˶˵
̻ɻ󣬾лһԼҲơ
ŰҪʹֵĻлһֻΪԺǱģҪôüľĵš
ľȷʵ㣬վ棬ģ۾ܹõ˵Ļľ廹㲻ţֻһդѡ
ٿΧͷˣлһֵһ¡


142 
Щ˴Ҳͦʽ, ֻһɫٷô£
οٷҲ̫ƾ˰ɣеһˣҪ, ЩϴĿҪ׵ĹٷЩϲˡ
λ, ɻ£ҪҪСƬ̣лһּЩ˵ͷվûҪߵ, ˵
վǰ, Ѿͷ, ʱȻӲͷƤ˵󡭡ˣʡʹˣҪҪȥվ, ʹס
лһüͷһǰЩʹסվģ
ǣ
лһ֣ûйϵĵط治סվķ㡣
ڿЩͻȻĽŸУԺͻȻһ⣺סվ˭͵ģ
ʻ, һ⻰һӾ͸ˡ
ش˵Ļǡǡҵƽ̯, ˷, Ҳһ⾾ĵ۸
ǺǣлһͻȻЦ
ֻһ, Ȼġ
ʹͻȻЦ, ûɵЩͷԡ
󡭡, 붯վѾ׼ˣ
лһֻӻ֣յλ, ʽ, ǣȥæɣ
Ǵˡ
лһ֣ɢȥ, ʹǱٴӴԺļңȻҪʰססģ
ˣ
ʰ׵û⣬ֻλʹ˵ʱǴЦôҧгݵô£
û˸κεĽͣΪûбҪ
лһҲûǾôȥˣȥ͡
굱Щ˻վ
֮꽫˵һ顣
ԭʹһʮСǣҲʮҲǽŵ̨ǣסĵطվӡ
סվѵģȻˣлһϼҴڵȻҪշˡ
Ϊлһ׼վʮ˵ǰζʮĶҲǼ򵥵ĺܣճĶȥ롣
лһ֣룿
ЦĵҸһӣǴȥǰǼζôɵģж֮󣬻ȥ
лһֶʱ˺ģŶ˵˵
̨ǵʹûܸɹһģЩҲͦµģǸصҲ˶٣ǰʹǱĸԴΪ߹ش󽫱͵ˣˣҪҪȥһˣкǺõģ
걾˾ǳүȥ϶Ͳᱻ߹Щθˡ
棬ʷھؾҪүĶ̴Ҳõˡ
лһȻ뷨ȥ˿ɲǰ͵ġ
£ûֻǣⲻ·
ŵأòţеĶӽ쿪ʼҪһȥ̽ϢȲ鷳ˣ
죿𣿡ˡ
лһƲһۣϲ䣺үӢѹҪ˵ΣҪ콫̨ӢӢ
ˣȥ׼Щʳȥͼ˵һ£ʰʰطǲǻʰаʹžᰡ
ѹǰǼζסվˡ
лһֲǲסûбҪ
ɺ˲һǲᱻߣڻ᲻ᱻͷδ֪ˡ
ȻǼڶлһȻҲҪ˴Լļˡ
ܲһֱͼסվɣ˸վķãǸǲôġ
ԼȱӣὫѱ͵ 
Լ飬ԼıȽϺá
лһִתһȦʱ򣬼Ѿʼˡ
лүӺͰҲûš
ƣҲòȥ
ʹԺӲ٣Ӹֻܹ࣬ס˵治࣬ۿɼݶܹõյĴӣ´꣬ӣôסأ
лүӴżھԺűȽϽļԺӶһ飬ȻѡСԺʰ
ʰľѡģԺӿŵĵطȽϴӿҲ̫޲ĻȽϷ㡣
лһֹʱѾɨˡ
ܿտùζͦһǶûסˡ
ϼæȱζٹ
лһЦŷһ̣û£̣ͦİ
ϣǰɣһ۾Ϳˣ
ȷʵʹټʲôҲûУɲǿôţ
ȴˡ
ºӴլԺӴˣпôˣùζôˣֻܱΪʰʰˣ
ҿҲСȥæģò㣡лүҲ˹Ϻһһġ
лһٿҲһĻң͵үү˵˻Ѻ٣ҪҼ˹æ
лүӵܾʲôˣԺǼҪѵĵطأһǮţڿ죬ȥʱ򣬶ӣ
лһȻܾүү˵㣬ţҪǲŻȥĻڼＸæҪȥʱ򣬹ǮͰүүĻ죬𣿡
ɣɰ
ţ޵ϵĴӣһ⻰л
ֻǿŽɫˣҪٲһٷظϵģû뵽˼ҾȻôʵڣҪԼһЩӡ
Լɲܰ˼ҵӣҪһὫݶĿ޺ðգôĿء
һ룬أһµĻƿɱ۶ˣôһ룬ţɻ͸ˣ
үү̺͵ﰲţлһҲûвֵĿգͼ˴һкͳȥˡ
̨ǣǱ߹ԣĸǡ
ʹǱ߹س˴󽫾ΨĻˡ
Ǵʱлһ֣ȴ⡣
˵ǸǣĴ󼯿
ûˣ෴˻ֻܶ࣬ЩˣһĶɻſڽֱߣûʲ֪ĻΪؤء
ʵϣЩ˶̨ͨǵˣڽֱΪ˽ӻơ
ֻǣڱ߹ؾҲûзˣοˡ
żб߳ǵĽʿһЩӻҪˣЩڴ˴Ϊ˵Ļơ
лһ̨߷һȦڽֱ˸ţȻһһӳţЩûһ㾫Щͷ۵˵Ļƶ𣿽컹Ҵȥԣ
꣺࣬˼ˣһôʮΰ˴εľͦģҪͦ࣬ǮĴ󷽣ؼǹܷȥ˵ԶٶУ߻õ㣡
лһϵʧ飬꿴˿ΧСּ˵Ҹӣ˵пΪµףÿµ׶˼ұǱǻһǸɣԺûٱˣ
лһֵͷ
ӦǴ󽫾Ϊ˸̨ǵİһЩ·ķӰɡ
Ҷܹڱ߹ôܹ꣬ðպͽʿİ϶Ҳⷽԭġ
лһֱֲȥҶңĻ̨ǵӿܾͲʵˡ
Ȼطˣлһ־ʹĽｨ
٣˶ܹϷɣ
ʹģţĿЩңԶȽ̽˵ɡ
˵ŻӲԶƥ

ԭĽֱˣһӶƥĵطȥٶȣлһָ۾Щֱˡ
ǡ
ΪĿ˳徢
лһӦǺߵĿԸһЩ


143 
һӵϵȺ˲佫ϵ˸Χסˡ
ûг, ûнкܰΧס
ܺãңлһֵ
һ, ˱߱˵:˭ͲҪ˭
, û˸ңǰ˵ҪȥҲûô
ȥ췹ԵĶ˸
ߵ̫ˣ
ÿߣҪˣöţ
ų˵ȺлһĬĬزˡ
Ǳģ
Ⱥ˵ʲô, лһûߵʱ, Ѿѡˡ
ȥԼʮҵ, Ϊ
ҪͶɻðţԶٱ, Ǻܵõ
ѡϵɿ, ûѡϵҲʵʵվһ, һⱻѡأ
ǵС, лһ־̫Ⱥˡ
ߵ, һֱĴţżĻΧ˵˽ΧסߵʱлһָΧš
еʱ, עҲ˲ͬĴڡ
ϸҪ뿪Ľ۾ɨߣʵǺΧ˶Ա̫ԡ

ˢ
˵Ŀⶼ˹
лһֺҲȺȥ
棬տҲ
Ȼ˶һۣлһ˵λֿ:
Ǳߵˣǽǣûˣ
Ͻģ
ңܹȥˣ
ǣǡ
ǽԼģлһ־͵˹
쿴˿лһ:̫ˣУĻɲˣҪдĲԺлٽ㣬ˣ
лһ:
ôˣ
ôᣡ
˵ݣлһ²һ£Ǳô˵˵У͹ȥˡ
ӺɷĶүǣ
Ǳ˵Ͳˡ
лһ:һҽܷҲУǴ˸ģҸ𣿡
΢:ҽʶ𣿡
ʶֵģķӲ࣬ͨҩĻûġлһֺ̹Ȼ˵
ʵʵ˵лһûһѹ
ȽĵȻͲôˡ
ոһ̣Աൽûеطţ
ҵЩΪ˴ʱԱġ
ҴûҲԲĵطѧҽ
ѧҲĲˡ
ܹиҽ¾ǸСҲܰﲻæˡ
ʱлһڱ˵ȷʵǸӡ
ߣ˵
ã
ȻĽлһִŽˡ
Ҳû˵ʲôž͸ŰɣҲûʲô
̨ǣ߹ʮأʱǽӹġ
һлһ־ʹڴڵĺһ˼˲û
ޡ
һڵɳӣס
лһĴ˿ô󣬲ۡ
ˣȥġ
ʱиʿ:ȷ棬ȷ͹ȥǱæˣ
֪ˣǸ㣡ĥĥûԣȷĵ
æϣڷ̫ˡ
Ȼԭ˲һ˸ˡ
һŵıʿлһֺˡ
໥˿
лһֺʵ:Աһҽ
ŶŶԭǴ򣬹ұǱߵĴСݣһ¾ܿˣ
ллһ־ҪǱߡ
ʿֵ:Ҫȥȡͨ룬ȥһɣǱߣ
ָŵȡһࡣ
лһֳͷ
л˳űʿָķȥ
лһһ
ֻǣܿ죬лһ־ͷһ˷ǳƵ顣
񣬴ţҲ·ˣ
λʿ˵ߵģǰȷһĴһ˰ص֡
رʿǲлһֽȥ
лһ:ҪȥչԱǲȥôչˣ
໥һ:Ǿʵĺ棬ȷչԱ
λʿָģԱ
ָ·ǲ˵رϲ㵸ӣ
лһֵͷ
ǼһҲ֣㱻ˣ
ԭ·ȥڶλã
лһ:
ҲУ
û뵽侹Ȼ˴ڡ
̶ֵܹȣѵá
˵лߡ
ͬʱҲүˣ
ֵȡʱʣµ˾ͲҪȥԱҩȻʹˡ˴ȻͲߴ·ˡ
ߵҲүӦߴطˡ
ǣҲҲɼˡ
ôĵطүҪǳ¿ɾͲ̫ðˡ
Ҳ˲˱ˣžȥ
ûж仯ĻʱӦƫ¡
ҵлһֵʱѾǰʱ֮顣
ҲԱ˷
ص˽ָ˷ĵطէлһҲ֪
Ȼ󣬼֮֮£ߴһΡ
ˣû°ɣһͷ굣ĵʵ
лһ:û£ŶȥЩɾĲ
ǣûΪʲôҲûгɵȥҶˡ
ͬеɵۡ
ı仯ġ
겻˵ƢɣҲ㲻϶á
ڵãһӵôֱҪ̫⡣
ǾͼʶлһֵҸ߳ҽ
ϸ첲ȵģֱҪ̫򵥣ͼλ˫æϣò̶ľϣģ˳ˡ
ǱƵ˸Ƕм
æʱҲһܹλȷѹõġ
ľ̶ʱʹ˺ܶࡣ
дķ
:̥ѧҽҲôİɣ
ˣȥԷɣæôãۿŵˡ
лһֿҲͺȥԸȥˡ
˺:Ǳߣ
лһ:ǲķԼˣ
:λһر
գлһȻǱ뵽˾ʡ
ȻǳԷģҲȻлһֺܳԾ
ֶԽԽˣھӴҶ壬Ѿǽˡˡ
ҶЦˣ
Ҷڰ:ǰһҶӢ۳ꡣүӴӰغֱȷȥúþ۾ۣûˣ
ǰû뵽ʲôҪģҪŵʹ
ʹѵֶǸʹ
лһ:Ҷ˵Ҳ𣿻ʲôˣ
Ȼģֻǡϼһһֱģһû£ҽɵ
١
Ϊ̫ʦ䲻ϲ
˶ɱˣϢȥ
ҶΪôֺ꣬ͻ򽻵꣬ġ
̫ʦ˭
ûǸϼһﵷң߹صʳҲˣΪˡ
ÿֻܳﵽôһʳҶһ뵽ơ
ۿžȱ˰ǲܵġ
ȲҶɺã
õĺܣ
û˵һá
һս²ϵı߹ڣһѾ׵֣ϻ
Ҷүүأ
УүӶ鶼ȥҪүųͺˣ
лһ:Ѿ
ߣ໥æҲǲİ취


144 
лһ֣Ҷ, ô
Ҷ壺лأô
˿̣ûв, ûֶ, ֻһ߹ش󽫺һʹѡ
лһóԼո·ϼ¼һ, Ҷɨһ۾ͷһߡ
Щ, ̨ǵࡣ
ȴ൱ʵ
Բ, ůĶ˵ˡ
ڱ߹ضҶȻǺ, ֻлһЩԭ 
лһֺܿԭ ҪΧĸıЩϣҺͼĵطܹҵ
Ҷ壺лؿ֪˵زʢʳһжҪӾֲ, ˣ˻ʱ̼Ұѳ̨֮ߵʳɱ߹شԵͼ, , Ҳ𣡡
лһ֣Ժ, 𣡡
Ҷ΢
ѾǴ󽫾Ҳ˵Ļ
ҵ
õĸְ, Ҫʵȴ졣
ĵرȽ, Ͳʳʳڵﻹֱӳ˻㡣
һƺأȻһʳ, һʧĿʳֽ᲻ʳ
ʹãȻĸо, ѾҶ˽ʮꡣ
̨ǵʹĶ, ûĿûϣְλҲռĵԭġ
ˣҪ˵󻰣˵ȥջصģ
Ҷңҿ¾״̨ǵ˳ԱůлһؾΣ
Ҷ壺ŶҶĳΰ㣿
лһ֣
Ҷ壺ûСһĿûˡ
˵͸ҺԼ¾״ˡ
ҶȤζĿ
лһֺĵͷǵģԼû㹻ظûʱȥĸ˼£лһȫҲҵͬĿ꣡
ԣǰᡣ
ҶԴ
ľĳ졣
һҲܹЩĳ˵ɻģҶԸһֱڱ߹ҲЩĳ
ǴʱҶ󽫾ȴЩڴˡ
ĳҲȫõҲһ
˵ģֻҪܹ߹ص˳ԱůǾ;ԵǴһ
ο˻лһ֣ǸǲõĻ˸䰲ˡ
û˱Ҷ˽лһˡ
˵ڳ˭ͬлһϤǱҶɡ
ҶлһͬҶһʱ򣬾ѾСһﵱԼˡ
ԣҶܵĿڣл˵ĺеͰ˼죬ӶӰأȷӪĽˣпյʱҲһ۾ˣ
лһֵлҶ
Ҷ΢Ц
ǰ滹Ǻھͳ˳ˣò˵˾ǻ˵ؼ˵˵Ŀˡ
ԺҪҶҾ鷳ôлһִʱĻҲȫ
ҶֻǳʹѣҲͷϡ
ڽʿǻ᲻׹Ҷǲõĵġ
˵Ǻˣپ˴ӹȥлһְҵĴ£ڱ߹ؽʿȻҲкôġ
ٲһֱΪ˱߹سԺȵ¶ˡ
ҶӰصƢûбĸӺٿ佱ˣٵļοĶͬһˣ˾лһ֡
˵ˣлһǰӰصѧǰʦˡ
һӦǱȽġ
Ҷģлһġ
òҶ٣ԼͶٵĹϵ治˼̫˹ȥ⻻ɴپͲöƽˡ
ΪӼҶٵԺͳԱȶҪǿ
ɴ˵лһֺڴԺĺ
ȻǺȻҪͬҶ󽫾򵥵˵˵ˣϾЩ黹Ҫλ󽫾ֵġ
ƻʲôлһֵ
ܿһݴԵĲ߻ͳҶǰ
Ҷ忴飬ֻһĴָ
ȻȥҶӰع̸
Ҷ󽫾˲̸ʵⶫȫһ㡣
𿪵ȫʶȴǿŸ٣ȫһҶ󽫾ΪԼʵڣ̫ۡ
ֻǽӰرȽϺʡ
˵Ц䣬˭Ҳ벻˴˺
ҶӰؼлһֵʱܸˣ֮ǰѾ˵ˣ׵ĴһλĴֻû뵽˾Ȼлһ֡
л˺ö˶˵״ԪɲȻ˾ҽˣҶӰЦŵ
лһվ΢ЦŻӦҶ겻ȻǷɣ
Ҷ壺ȣԼȥҵطȥоʻдҪ̸
һĶ໥άΪ󽫾
һЦʩ뿪˴ʡ
Ӫ⣬лһָд
ҶҲǴ֮ңеĽʿѵǿѵܹó
ȻˣһȦлһѾԼĴҶӰ˵ˡ
ԴˣҶӰʮͬ⡣
֪ÿȥͼʳԸ͵ļ۸ȥƸжΡ
ǲûжԣֲܲɣܲܿô˱
ȻлһֻǼ򵥵˵˼飬ҶӰصĶȴǼ
ֻҪܹɣĲ˵ͨڱŻһ롣
һ룿
Ҫлһ֪Ļһͬ 
ΪԼԺҪ֪ĵطôܹ˱鷢أ
ҵ϶Ͳбˡ
ҶҵĺлһٴοʹƴʱﵹҲƽ˺ܶࡣ
ȶһСĿ꣬һ´ţͲ
֮󣬺ԺѾȫһģ
ǰõĿҪģǿˣǿһӵˡ
򵥵ĳ˷лһֵѾʼ
Ҫܶ࣬Ⱥ˳Ҫġ
һȻҪʹõ˿ãûѡ뿪ЩԲõģȻǹ
ѾõĵطˣܲЩȺ֮ʹơ
ʹ˵ǲ٣һ֮ࡣ
ˣٺ٣ٵϿԺԲơ
Ҳǣģˣ΢е˶취ȥĵطǿ⡣
ڲõģЩҲУ࣬ѣ²鷳ˣһ˾͸ˡ
޷ǾǻڷԣѾûзˣҪһ²ľͱԶ뿪ЩھᣬЩûкôȻĻᡣ
ûһӵĿǣϾѡűԸ뿪
Դˣ˺ܴķ㡣
ʱͽˡ
һӾõҲûۺ죬ֻȴҧֲҪ뿪ˡ
˭һ飬ûˣǼλͻؼҳĺĶðʵǵʮˡ
˵ʵԼ˵ˣǻ˵ΪүҪ˻ûѡ
ʱǰŲŲӡ
Ϊ̫˵ĶȻ󣬿Ȼϵõ˵Ĺע
λϵлһֿһۿڵ˵
ˣҪ˵ǱƳģ𣿡˵ľ
һҲֱͷ
̫ȱˣҲ֪˭Ȼһţ
лһ֣


145 
̨ǵĴúܰ
ʱ˶лһ֡
Ҳ뿴λʹ˸ô顣
лһ:˭Ƶ, Լȥҳ, ߣҲ, ߡ
:
:
յʱȥ, û˵, Ҳû˳ϡ
лһ:ûҳǿˡ
һ¡
Ϊոûиߣ¾͹ȥأ
, ǱƵģΪʲôҪߣ
Ⱥи޵ĵ
ҲǷ׷׵ͷ
Ҫ뿪Ҳ˵Ǹǰɡ
лһ:˵е, Ȼ, ǺӦÿ˭ˣ˵Ǹ˭, ָҲ, 밡, ȷʵ̫ùҲð, ո˵һ뿪ƽɣ
лһȻ˵ĺƽ
ȴٴɵۡ
ƽ

֪˵ΪʲôҪߣ
ǰ, ǲ˵ģ
䣬лһˢһ¾˺ܶණ, ûװһȴдֵֽ
ˣԾ͵űʹ£
С¶廹ȥ
׵ĸǣл뷨ıȥͲô׽ˣǺûᡣ
˵ǲǣ
λһΪǺõӣվЩ⶯ˡ
Ĳ˵ǷһͺˣԺһ
ʵҲЩˣ˵̫Сٵ˵ȱ˵ʱ򲻻ǽ
ôһ룬Ͼͳո˵˶ˡ
ʱԶҪ뿪ȥǩȡ˴ǲ
һ¶˾ϲ
Ͼˣá
ӻӣȥˡ
߳˵˵ģͬеˡ
λ·˲һǱ˵ĺá
ܿ죬ֻʣˡ
лһֺ͸ںꡣ
ˣҪߵĲô죬ôˣðŰ굣ǵĵ
лһ:ľͶˣСʱ㹻ЩһߺȡˣҸɲõĻҲ첻أ
ʱϵȥˣĲš
үôʵڵˣʲôʱѧһģ
һҲͺܿˡ
֮䣬µľǱš
뿪˵
ˣµȴһ쵽ѵĶѡǰߡ
õǮԼģûǷ
̨ʵ̫ãܶ˻Ҳ첻˵ģˣټλʹͷԵǰ쵽ĺá
λ϶ҲǸɲõļһ
ʵ֤ȷʵˡ
ʱ󣬻ص漯ϵֻһ˲
ˣʮˣѾ뿪Ǳæһ㱨
лһüë
ٰ²ӦλܺðŵģҪҪ͵ģʣµһأ
ţܽˣѾվõȺЩżˡ
˿ǵ̫ð
ˣҵʰ뿪Щ˵ĿײŻ٣ˡ
ˡ
ͨ
˶ڵء
ֻǱ˳ͱˣ˵ǻٵأ
ͷжأ
ʱϵĴڿˡ
¼𣬿©
ûû˸ңҵȿ˷Żģ
ɣ

±
ھ͹˼
֮ǰ˺þõģھֱùˣ
Ѷ𣿡һĶô£лһѾ취뿪ˡ
ҲˣȻЩѾлˣ¿ɡ
ʦүոոĶȥе¼壬ԺҪġ
ǣӢ
ʦүպкײˣĩʦүѾ꣬ʹһһ
ôˣһξͷõλʹǵһλȻˣܹһӽ赽ôӻõģλǵһ
Ҫ֪Ϊٵģ˵ûȨûưɣҲڳﲻ׵۵֡
Լ˻лɱģ
λһξôද
ˣ
һеԸɺԼķΪһʦүĺ
ʵܹôʹλ֪㡣
Լܸʲôܸʲô塣
£Ȼǽʹ˰ŵ鴦ˡ
ͽһֽĶһ顣
ֽϵֲ࣬һͼ򵥵ļ
ڴϵȴҲˡ
һ£ʵһˡ
ñְ£͵ĥҵ֮ദϢ
ڳ֮ڷϡ
պϸɣ뿪ְߣȫԶ롣

΢һ£Ȼ:ǣ
Ҳܷˣ
Щ֮ߵôɴǴûˣںˣȫ󴫰

뿪˻ڵİɡ
ЩԺҲûлˡ
ˣϲûꡣ
ܹлǳȫһЭʦүźǵ飡лһֵ
ǣæӦ¡
л˶䣡
ڶվûЩţнİ
ȫһԺõĸˡ
ҲһĽ
ԭԺҪıķˡ
лһֿЩԾԾԵĻϲ
Ժ󲻻ġ
ȷʵģһӾͶ
֮Щرæµ
лȥˣȥǰɹģȥģȻкöˡ
ǰһһȺȫͬ
ǵģֻǸô񣬿žʿһ
ʵϣҲȷʵǽʿ
Щ˴󲿷ֶڸط¾ۻġ
ҶҾôˣǧ˰ٸ뿪˻Ǻҵġ
ⲻµϢȥ˾㹻
ûüˣˣҲȫڻ¡
ǵĴʹܿͱˡ
仯ľصˡ
λ֮ûû¸ɹ
쿪ĵʳʧˡ
ȥӶˣﻹܽӳö
Ⲣûлˡ
תͷִȥֱˣ˵Ȼû׵󹦷
ֳ¶Bǿġݡ
ǵģֲݣ
ҪܾģֳˣⶫҲû԰
ڵ֪ʹ˻յʱһ쳣ʧˡ
˼ʲôܸӣǳԶٱС
ģʡ
ȸžǣû¸ɣֲݻܵõǰʳĻᡣ
ÿʳʱǶȥȥģҲһлʳ
ǰĻᣬôܷ
ʱлһԭһνʹӣʱȴƣ
ǱߵѾˣǲҪˣˡڲĸˣߣˣ
û˻ôģ
ҶӰֱҧ
Щһһĺ͸
Ҫں˵ҴҲӡ
һ
ûүʲôԭΪʹġ
ˣ
лһ˶ʱܿһ£ð˸ŵˡ


146 
жλǰĵǱȽϤˡ.
˿лһЩ΢, Ц񣺡л˺þò
֣лһû뵽, ˾Ȼǵʱڿй֮ͬԵķ뺮
뺮ϲлָأ
лһֿЦˣ, ô֪, ½, ⼸λǡֵѣ
лһִλվߵ뺮ǰк
Ȼ֪λôģȴͦĵ顣
Զֺ
뺮Ҳǳĸ, ΪлһֳʹЩˣȴû뵽λȻǺǰһӡ
Цû, ƺû, ǾϲӶûκεı仯
ˣֵý
л, µĳ°, Ҫλ, ҿܻ֪أ
лһֿ뺮ˣȻ, ҡҡͷûм
û棬Ȼǲʶˡ
ʹ̨֮, һֱæ飬ûеȥʶˡ
˵ȱʳʶһЩİҲûô
뺮Ҳˡ
ʶ
ôλϵأ
֪˵Ĺϵ, ֪Ҳȱʳˣ˫ȴʶЩ˲ˡ
˶һµĿˡ
Ҳǿǡ
˵ǿеһΪһվһԾǿ˵ġ
ʦ߹Ҳ˵ʦ֣ʦİһһµЩί˵
վԱһӣȿȣ࣬ú˵
磬Ѿú˵ˣʦܵĻһȹȥˣȫĵ
ʦֹ˵ࣿлһ̽һ䡣
˵ίӹһţȻˣͷ˵ܿˣһֱù˸ҶҲûм㣬Ҳҵ𣿻ҵʦ𣿡
лһ֣ʦԭ
ʦżۣƺǰԲ¾壬һί״ĺеĲ̫
ȥʦֵ£ʦҲᵽΪһֱûмСʦܣлһΪûôƤһξȥ˼Ұæлһѹûȥȴ룬ʦֵܾȻķʽˡ
ʦϣʦлһˣˣ͵üò
˵ί˱仯ʮĻ񣺡ʦ񣡡
治ʮӣٴλָոյӣʦܱͷ˵ĻҪÿͣһӾͰ̨ǸˣԺңҪȥҶӰأǼһﲻҵģʦҿ˫ȫ
ҶӰһƵ˳˵ҪдĻҿԴ˵һ
˵üëšһ
˵˼һ˼ʲôģΡ.
лһһ£ԼʦֿˣҴܹʳ飬𣿡
ҶӰأļһͲ̡ܴ
Ҳ÷
ܹҵҲȷʵǹ˼ҵ͡
Ҷǲ˽һ𣬵ǹ˼ûĹǡ
Աߵӵ˼ˣ
ӣҶٲض񣬼ȻһˣЩ໹һֽһǴңڸʲô
˵೯лһּ۾ʦܣ뺮ѾʶˣͲٶ˵ˣ˵һ£ҴΪҹ˼ҵļλǴĴүκӷܹʳ͹κһ·Եʣ
κӷЦŵлˣ
лһ֣κүض񣡡
ΪҲ˵ͷʶˡ
ӹ˵۵ĻлһֵܣǱϾʱŹ£Ҳ˵ʲô
лһȴһЩŵ
ʦǸո˵ʳҪֻһεĻܻ룬Ѿ˵ΣлһЩڴˡ
Ϊ񣺡Ҵ˴θһʳǽ㣬ظϢʮڻͿԣ
лһ־סˡ
һʳ

˵Һ͹˼ǰҲֻǺ˼߹ضӲʧȥһЩϵʦܲö룬ǣʵڻҲû¶ҲȱЩ
뺮ͷҪǵ㱻˲λ¸֮£Ҳö˵
κӷҲκֻϣԺκڱ߹ܹõͨл˷ģκҲɱ˷ŻĻ£һжԴԺΪ
лһ֣Ҳԣ
̫ͻȻһ仰Ҳ˵
֪ʳˣͷİҲͷ
Ѿ˲ٵˣٽʳҲûʲôġ
ʭӶ˲ҧ
ٴлһ־ͽںҲ໥棬ͨȥˣֻʦүһż¼
Ȼ˵ǽģǾͱҪ߽ˡ
˼˵Բûлһȴǲռ˼ұˡ
ңܹһóһʳҲԲС¡
Ȼ󣬸ǽκҵ˽һ¡
ԭڹٸǲϿɵģϾԼ֯ģЩطΪܹõĺôֻҪдĵط迨սɸ߼Ϊͨзá
һĶ죬ֻͨϾͻ˾޴ֻЧ
׬˭Ҳ
߹˽꼸˽أ˴·;ңԶһ棬ԭΪķǸߵġ
еͨͲһˣÿ̶ķ֮⣬ͿԳͨˡ
лһֿʦү
ײæˣȷʵˣ
ȻСĸлһֵĶ˵˼ֻܹĻǰܹ˳ķȥҲΪﾭ·̨ǣ֪ôžͲˣԣҲûضȥˣ
лһ֣һֻ޶ëŵĲҳˡ
޶ëҲҪһ£ô޶ɲС
лһ־͵¶ҿԴӦ㣬÷ĻҪ飬лһΣԵ޹ʵ̵ýɵһҲ٣
лӢôһ˵κӷѾ൱ˡ
˵лһֵͷ½ˣĺõ⼸λһȥݳһٷ
ʵʹûʲôܹд˵ģԼлһֲΪ˴˺õܹ뵽ĳ̶ˡ
ͬʦ֣ǵһμ棬ټϻбˣڿջԷʵġ
ֻлһȥӵʱ֪˵ˡ
Ҫ˵ӵʱ򣬹ʦֱӸ»ˣʦ֣һγԷҪʦ㸶ˣȼʦͷ϶ҵģҰĵһӰɣ
лһ֣ô죬ֻ˵´Լˡ
ʦԲˡ
һٷԵĶ࣬ȴǳԵͦ
Ȼлһһֱ²ۣ߹ôõʳıǰϹ˺ö
չʲôģǱ
극Ϊκӷͷ뺮뿪ˡ
лһǵſڴȻֻܴʱӰӹ˵һ˼ҡ
ʵǹʦַҪݼһ¼˲УлһҲ֪Ƕ㲻ȥģҲͺܴ󷽵Ĵˡ
ڹ˵ĵлٶ൱Ļӭλʷ˵ĴأȻҪúд
֪ѾԹˣͽԼСĶ˳ߵʱ򻹸Уù˵ΪԼļԡ
һˣð
ڹ˵ͼôϤлһΪҲ
ԺҪ໥չ˵ģܹô죬ܱҪǿ
üȥϢлһִŹ˵ൽԼķ䡣
ⷿ䣬Ҳ̫˰ɣ˵ڿлһֵ鷿Ʋ²ˡ
һŴӣһܣлһ鷿еĶˡ
лһЦǺǵĸһˮһϣѾˣܹеطסģʦֺȲ裡
Ӱɣʹô𣿡˵ʮּѵĽϵıӶ
лһ֣ˣ
˵ࣺüӡ
ֻСʦܵҲ̫ƽ˰ɣһ㼢ȵӡ
лһֵʦڹ˼ô
˵಻ⲻʦôʵԭ򣬲Ȼ˵һ£ͦõģʦ˵ʲôֱ˵˼ܰæģҴһдǣϵҲǹ˼ҴӾǵõͷ뺮ʶҺʹȥ˷һ˵ģ
лһֺ⡣
Լͷ뺮ʶҲڿԵʱ򣬾ݴѾȥˣȻܹ鵽Ȼʲôʱ鱨Ǵڵġ
Ȼˣ鷳ʦֺ͹˼ݸҴһЩǰڿܲ׬ӣھ˵ˣʲôԼелһֻû˵ꡣ
Ǳ߹˵Ѿڱ֤ˣúҴ˵ǲμӣպûйϵֻҪù˼ҼУҪӶˣ˵ϸ
лһ֣ʦֲ˵𣿹˼Ҳλ˼𣿡
˼Ҽûв֪¶˼Ӧˣû
˵һ֣ʦھǵ飬ʦѾ˴Ÿˣ˼ҵҲ֪ھ׬ӵ¶ҿͿˣι˼ܹʳ飬Ҳϣ̨ܹһЩ
ŶΪʲôԹ˼ʲôӰ죿ԼЩ飬лһֲ±֪
οʦ˵ģع˼ҲܵصܹʦĵĽԼ˵ܹó
ֻû뵽˼˶ôİ
˵һԴ㻹֪
֪ʲôлһֲʡ
˵ࣺҴǹ˼ҴͷģǶͷĶӣͷ˾Ͷˣ滹мܵܺãʦӦܹġ
лһ˻ü
Ӧ
ôҲûƵļ䰡
˼ҵҲ͹˵ֱȽϤ⻹ͬһʦԭ 
лһһֱû˵ֻõ˼Ҵͷ滹ܵһã
лһ֣ŶȻأ
˵ࣺȻûһӡ
Ǽһ˵˴˵ĹϵôôõģôĶҲǼٵİ
ֻλСʦҲ˵ѵӡ
ӵù˵Щˡ

Ҫ˵յҲпܵģǽлһֻھǳְֹԼ˵˾ֻһɣ
˵ࣺҴȥ˼أ
˵˵лһߡ
лһæֹʦ֣Ѿˣкȥݷõģɣ
ҲУ㣬ˣˣôڵô찡˵ֹžˣߵʱ򻹲ǰѰϺݸʰĵĴˣȥҲܵɪһ¡
лһ֣ʦֱͦʵġ
һײ˵Ѿ׼ˡ
ԭлһʱһЩͨ
κӷ뿪ʱ򣬺ײҲǸһʱͨԴһڿʱ̨ǣκηõơ
Ϊлһֻб뷨ֹǶԴģǶ̨ǵĿ̺ڴ˵صڵġ
ȻҪһλܱ޶ëǿ
ëһᱻ޶ɾԲҪ޶ëҪ


147 
ڶ죬лһֲûȥ˼Ұݷá.
ʵæѲ
һʳȫ, Ȼٷ̯, Ҫÿһ©лһȫ̸, ˸б뷨
лһֺ⡣
еûһСġ
һ, лһַǳȷ
ʹЩ˶ǴҶҾ, Ȼˣļġ
ʳһַȥʱлһ־ͽҲɳȥˡ
ÿ, øɱģǶʳģֻҪ˸κε̰ī, ϰ졣
, һҲûץ
ȻҲæʮ͸ˡ
лһֿűЩһĶǵС缦, ݵƤǵ, Ǻеߣ
ײһԽӻ, ǲң
Ŷ˵˵лһֿ˵ģ֪, ʮѩ
Ҳһ㲻ҵģЩȷʵṵ̂ī, Ҳ൱ˡ
ٵĶ˶ģϾ߹صʳٵһ, лһѾµ
ȴˣûһ˸Ҷ
ĵͬʱȷʵǲġ
ײʹȷʵ͵ˣ̨ȱԵľԭ򣬵ȱ˵ȴеģ߹ؽʿÿ»ṩһʳһ£о֮ǰĹԱ̫Ҫģ
лһ־š
ײǰʹõĲ죬һһٰʮˣȫնͷһӣΪ̰īûȥĵӣԺЩˣ¾ǶιȥˣҲûٸҴʳ⣡
ϰ죬ҪľЧ
лһȴǾ͡
˲ܶĶҲû˸˵һ֡
Ҫ컵µ뷨ˣ˵Ǳ߹صĽʿüģԸɸ£ַӾˡ
ҲãԼͲȥˣʱ˵ʱϸһЩٹ죬ûĻͿ԰˸ջˡ.
ţȴûбֳһ㡣
лһ֣»Ҫ˶ˣǽô࣬Ҫģ˸ҶĸצӶģͶĸ첲ĸ첲ģжֺˣͷʲô̫鷳ֱӴеģ
ʦү˷ģ
ײ亹ˡ
λ˵ıֱӿͷҪѪȡ
ͷҪĳ̫࣬Ĵûô鷳ˣǸˡ
ͷܾرңԶ⴦ֱ۶ˡ
ˣ˵Ҫ˸ɻģʲôʱңǰ鷢ȥʦүʵ
°Ҫȥ˼ҰݷãʦѾ߹Σ㷢ȥȡô󲿷ֵ˶֪ʹ
аĻĵأҸȽŵù˶ţǵʵضܲЩҲͿЩˣɱ лһֶ
ʦүæ˷ģԸŵģ
֮ǰúײʹаһЩĵأҲΪҪЩؿġ
һʱǲˣʿǵĶҪԼ취˵Щͨˣڿôķ˵ĵطʱлһ־뷨
ܲġ
ʦүҲ¶ˡ
ԼЩݶ֪ͨһ飬ǲʱӡ
⻹УҼɻֽڿȥУ໥ţŲӡ
֪˴˶ǿطĿأȻҪĵġ
ЩطҲԺԴȻʦүҲЩš
ɽذŵطͦ󣬿ʲôĵطʲô
ֲݣǺǣ˰ɡ
ر֣ïʢþȥţȥ
ûԼҲڸոճʱȥһۣڶ
ܾòס
ӣ
¶ʦүԼŵġ
лڵĲݳһ˸ߵʱٸԣǶźˡ
ܲе鶼лţҪô˸ʲôأ
ʦүҲҪõıԼлһ־͸ᣬԼҸʦү
鰲źˣлһֿһȥ˹˼ҡ
˼Һܺҡ
·Ҳûʣ˵֮ǰ˵ģ̨ϵһٵһֱߵͷϵǹ˼ˡ
ȷʵһ룬Żǲ
ԶԶĿȥͦģ̨ǵطҪõĶࡣ
뱨ҵȽȥͨǰţ·߳һִ
굱ҼүлһӦү֮ǰݷãϽͨ
ǶϷվԣվмǸǰһԭлүѾˣ룡
ȸոյԵˡ
лһѾˣڸո˵ʱѾ첽˽ȥǽȥˡ
лһֲǰС
꽫ϵݸҼү˼͵ү׼
λ룡˫ֽӹ
лһ֪ñ˷ġ
˵ʦԼģǴôһĶñ˲ҪҲӦõġ
ǰ˲ףͿһš
飺լ
־˵֣˿ҲС
յſڣžͱˡ
󳨶Ĵ棬¶һˡ
Сʦܣˣһ˵
Ҿȥˣ˵˳
л˹٣ٹޣǹΪмꡣ
᣿
լҪǺĻ̨ǹҲûʲô˾լˡ
֪˼ǫȻЩȣӰлһ֡
һǰţ˼ֲǣлһֿĵ
˵˹һҴ磬һʦܣ۲ۣ
ȹΪ񿪿ڣ˵Ѿʼˡ
αļһ Ҫǵô˵棬һ˵ôί񣬳ʲôľǸһ׼ġ
Ϊһ۹˵࣬ȴҲûװӵкǱȸոնһ˿еĵлˣҲǹʽˣ
лһ֡
ɶʱ¶
֮ǰһξǹʽ
ܿ죬лһ־׹Ϊ˵˼ˡ
ڹΪ߳ŮЦųлһִк
лֵܣþò˰
лֵܣð
лֵܡлл
лһ֣
ʲôô
ڿһ˵ʱлһȷʵЩˡ
ǡؤףĸôˣǸǣɲǼؤ
ûˣϸȥĻܹϳġ
ȴкһȣû£ֻڲлֵ˰ɣ
лһֵͷˣû뵽ﻹܹǣ
߹Ҳܹˣлһû뵽ġ
Щ˻ԺѾСʮʦֹ˵ݵӣﰵ̾ȻԲġ
ﶼܹ
֪㲻ǵģһཱུЦŵ
лһֿ˿Ƶ˵һ䣺ҵǴҪ𣿡
ԭΪֶԵرС۾һӾ͵ɵԲԲ 


148 
ӣ㡭ǲǼǴ˰
һµĿΧ, ϵıжˡ
ɶʱӰ, ûôһº
лһüϰʱ˭˵ʮһٻһģ
һɵˡ
㾹Ȼļǵã
Ҳϲ, ôǵô
ˣ
ˮѾ, ſڿǲ͵ĵط, ȻڼǾͲҪ̫ˣлֵ룡
˴룡лһҲ˳Ƶ
һĺ, û뵽͹˼ͦԵݵġ
ˮѾݺ, ÿ˺һ, ȻΪʼ⼸ֵܡ
ʱھﲡļõľĹΪ˼ƽж, 󷿵ˡ
űͷĹ˵岮ֵġ
˼Ҵ󷿻, ΪҺ͹Ϊ, ֱġ塣
ƽʱʱ򣬹˼СǰԼ۵ġ
ֱʱ, лһֲܹ˼Ҽֵܡ
ڵʦֵ֪˹˼Ҷ֮Ц¶
ϾӵĲ̫ǻ֮Ͱ¶ʹ˵, ֱʱ򣬹ΪʶԼǮ̫ԡ
ʱüЦˣһֱ˵Ҫѵлһš
, ҲֻǵһЦ
лһȻҲҪӣ˼һԼǣ߷ҵһʳأ¶Ͳˡ
ΪԼȴˣлֵܣ㣬ҿܾҲز˹˼ˣ
ʱĹΪˣȻȾ˷纮˺ûȻ
ҪȥлһֵģֻΪм°ҲûȥллȻһЩǹΪȴǷĵġ
˼Ҿȵġ
лһֵ˶˵⻰ˣʦ˴ְҽʳ飬ҪǵлĻǲǵȽʳ˲ݷˣ
ɡΪⲻһ
Ϊ̧֣ΪҪ˵ˣȥ¶˵Ժһˣô
һ˰ŶҾͲˣһֵܵܣԺʲô鶼ң̨ǻû˸ҶԹ˼˵ĵģǸ缸
˼ֵܼ˵ľͺҪȺƵġ
ðɣǴȺܣ˼Ҳû¹˭
˵˵ȷӪֻ˼ҺҶҽķϣҲ˶˵һ֡
лһָиŲѡ
֮ǰ̫źĵĳ־һ¶ѣû뵽ȻԵˡ
ΪʱҲ˵һ䣺лֵܣʵʳ¶ǴҶүǣͷģү֪
ʹһְֱ쵽ģ
ˣרŵллһȻѹԼȱʳ͵ˡ
ȻҶүںʹľأæȥһӣҲҪȥݷүˡ
ͦʱˣһֱæµţûרŵȥݷù
ȻˣȥҶ彫ǹ¡
ӹΪ˵֪λԸȽֱˬ
ǹΪһһֱֹӣлһЩࡣ
ĸ뽲գлһȻˣ¹ΪٰԼš
ΪһЦæ㻹ǵǸСѾͷ
лһ֣ôˣ
Ȼͷ
ʱǼھǵʱȷʵиСѾͷֻǲ֪ΪΪʲôôʡ
ΪǱȽϰԸ
Բ࣬лһϸԼո˵Ļȷûʲôʵĵطŷˡ
ܾλĸǻлġ
ʱΪЦ߳һһˮɫװŮӡ
˱ߣ˵Ż
Ϊ٣ˣСܵðɣ£ҿɸ㰡лֵܿرģ
ŮӻСĳţʲôлֵܣ˵˵ʲôĸٺ˵Ҫߴˣһûǵҡ
̧ÿлһҲڿ
ʵ˶ڿˣʵǴߵĿ̫ԡ
ֻǣµһۿľлһ֡
ллһ֣㣿رľϲ
ĸ˵лһˣŵġ
ջ̨ǵʱĸ羭¶ڿԺĸ˵Ļˡ
û뵽쾹Ȼġ
ӡеһ̵ֻӿ㡣
µСˢľͺˡ
ӣЩš
ոԼ˵Ļ᲻лһΪرĲׯأ
лһּµˣЩɬӣվ˫ۿ񣺡˹񣡡
л񣡡Ҳ
ˣòֻԶ쳣
´ʱΡ
ĸǰһֱˣ֣ԼովȻ˵ĻҪҲҲʵĻ
ڿлһĮӣµЩĪķ¡
ΪٻҪ˵ʲôͱΪһߵһȥˡ
Ǵ綯ĽţΪٱˡ
𿴴书͵࣬ǹ˼ֵܼĻ
£Ҳ𾴡
ʵСʱ򱻴ʰˡ
Ϊǰվ˹ºлһֵм䣬ЦЦСµʱ̫£ǵҪ
ż棬һֵ鷳ˣ
лһҲЦûе£˴绹һδ̣
Ϊ񣺡˵޷
лһҪתƻˣΪȻҲֹ
лһ֣ʲôҪ󣿻˴ʵ棬ҾʹҲ캦飬ģǺ
Ϊ񳤳һ˵Ҿͷˣ
лһһˡ
̫ظˣ
Ϊͷ
ԭ 
лһɲģھʷ˵ĿΪٵһվʹҲûʲô̫š
꣬˼ȻҲ֪
Ϊ浣лһһҲΪ֮
ЩãʳҲһˡ
ǺͷҵĹϵٺã˼ҲԶĽ
ǽ軹ֻ̨ͣǸʵĵطǡ
ͨѾˣôǷûбʾˣлһִʱʳҲ
Ϊ񲢲֪лһʱ뵽⡣
Ҫܲܺ͹С۵С۵ΰɡ
˵µʱ򣬹ѾλˣһǹΪ١
лһֻΪ˺ü¡
йΪģҲйΪҵģʦֹ˵Ҳ˺ü֡
ЩлһֶװûпΪ˵
ạ֪̊́ɣ
лһֵͷ
ǰ뺮ȷʵ˵ġ
ΪֵڽϴˣǷҵĻ̵Żģǵ˼ϣܹЯһЩȻˣҲںʵʱ򣡡
лһ֣ʵʱ򣬱˵ʲôʱ򣬹˴޷
ʱֻܶ࣬ʲôʱʣǾͲһܹ˵ˡ
뺮Ҫ;ģϣԺܹ㣬£
лһֱ
漴ЦһµԼѱ˺ðɣ
Ϊ񣺡ֻҪûͷǾʹ㣬ʵ˵˰ɣȽֻʷ˵ļ򵥣ĲĸŶ̫ǻ̵ķҪ̤ȥĻ϶ᱻеĹͷҲʣ
лһ֣˵ĺҺܺ˵Ƶġ
Ҳȷʵͦ˵ġ
ҺôҺõģɲر˵
һ֪ˣһϵģʱʲô飬˴Ҳ֪ңлһֵ
ֲʲôҲ
Ϊͷ
˵˵͸ˡ
лһڹ˼һл˹˼ҵŻȥˡ
ΪǿԼöԶȥıӰһֱ㶣Щ̾Ϣ
ԼÿСҲµġ
ֻЩϲܹЩõı鵱ܿóֻϲ̫ࡣ
ϸĻù±лһء
ֻô˵˲ˣȴһֱûеͷģˡ
°ɣǲ̫˵
Ҫǲһ굹ûʲô꣬ЩΪˡ
Ϊлһ֣Ťͷȥ˹µԺӡ
Щ飬ҪиĴġ
Ůϡ
ֵܼΪлһֶûʲôоġ
֮󣬾þõ˳Ĭ֮С


149 
ϣлһֻڹ˼ʱ
ǹڿʱ, Сˢľͺ˵, ҲЩģͦƯ۾
ȣ
ˣ
ʵֻǸ̾һҲܹ˵İ, , ġ
лһһ顣
һԲŸ, ﻹǣү֡
ӳ˹˸Ϳʼ˼飬رҪ£, үġ
лһҲڿ˼ҵʱΪʦָˡ
û뵽˼ҲԼĵŶ෴, ˶
ʦһȷʵֻԼ, Ҳ˵ѾȢӣһͷԵСк
ȥݷûм, ǲ, ׼Ĳ֡
ʦֵĺôҲ׼, Ϊû׼лһ־ͽǰ뿪ˡ
´ΰѺӵļټҲ١
˵ǹ˼Ҷ, ˼Ҵ󷿵˾̫ˣǼ֮, лһָǾ̾翴ҲԲģҪôôأ
˾Ȼ󲿷ֶ, ھ֮ǰĸؤ
ʳܹҶүӵ棬˼Ҳʹġ
ӹΪѾҪ֮ˣҲô콫˶ˡ
ЯԷ뺮а񲻳⣬ֻҪƷû⣬ЩҲǲ
ñҲãһϤҲһЩ
Щлһֲĳ̾һ
ۣ
ҪĶô࣬ͦʵġ
ۿЩˣ߹صĶ´ѩİɣ
̧ͷ죬Щ
лһͻȻʦүڸ𣿡
꣺κʦүҪȥѵأ·ԸĻԽй
ΪһʦүΪײйµĻ϶رĹġ
лһ룺ؼңݣ
ǣݣ
һǰһʹ
ͼһ
ллһԺ
лүӣСӣʲôҪүүæľ˵ɱԼţһû˯ţǵۻˣ
лһлүӵֵүүģҺܺã̫Ҫ壬̲õģ
лһЦˡ
Ҿ֪ǸģаֵЩݣʲôôأÿ춼ȥҿŶҪˣ
лһֺܸж
ֻȥݣҲΪҪԼһ۵ģġ
ڿѵȷʵǿһΣֻǼ򵥵Ĵ˸кûô˵û
ﾹȻȥ
⼸Ҫæʵ̫࣬Լʱһæһ죬ҹʱŻҲǳе£ûʣҲûᣬû뵽ü˵ˡ
ŰʮҲûڼԷлһ־Щᡣ
үүԺ̨ǵһ˳ˣһ˻ܹǰһĸ߸˵ĳԷ
ǳɣȥ˵˵һ쵽Ϲ룬æģ
үүȥ
Ǹã
үӻԺӣлһֲŻ鷿
һ˵ʦүˡ
лһ־ʣ˵˺£
ҡͷʦү˵Ҫ˵
ɣ
Ȼǵ˵Ӿǲ̫תˡ
ΰײ֮󣬾ͽһõľڷŵлһֵǰ
ˣǽʮֺһˣտ
лһһϾͷ
һԽлһֵԽûס
ǰԤô׼˻ҲģͲˣʲôҲûа
ʮĶ챩ѩʮļ꣬ļ˸ɺߣۺϿʮûһġ
ôЩ
ܹҪÿڵ²˵ҪֲõģЩ𣿡ΰײЩĻš
ѵϸ
Ҫ˵ɫôԽԽѿأ
лһ֣ϸ񣡡
Щ̫ͳˣҲǷǳѵõĲοˡ
·ϵʱǴҪҺʦү飬ٹ¾Ҫˣ׷ľⱩѩˡ
ѩ֣
ûûûůĵطҪġ
ʳɶַȥˣ
ΰײǵģȥˣؼලԱÿ춼һƪ౾ûз쳣
Ķѩֵʱôģʵ˺˵лһͻȻʵ
ΰײΪѵҿ˿
лһֱ֣˵겻ˣҪǰ취У
Ϳʮļ¼ܹ϶бѩĿԻǺܴġ
ֻʳԻҪѩС
ΰײ˶ٲŵˣʲôҲûǵѩ֮ͣһȥաʬ
лһֻû˵굹˳ʲô
û
ΰײһҧ˵ģʬЩ˵ʬ壬ÿ궼ϰΪ䡢ѩǣûа취
ǵģûа취
ûԵģû£ں伢ȵıѩ˵ܸʲô
лһֱ˱۾
֮ǰΪЩǰʹƽʱлһȴͻȻãЩ˶ 
λı
ЩأռéӲΪǲ˭
ˣΰײлһְˣĻһ
лһְ֣˵
ûûˣ˶ˣʬҲˣܸʲô
лһ룺ڵʦүǰظһ£ÿ˱뵽취ظкõĽ飬˵ģ
ײǣˣȥ죡
һ£һ飬ѡƱȽϵݣס˲̫ܼĵطʱһ
ǣ
ȥɣ
ײ첽뿪
ʹŵЩ飬ɲһʱܴﵽģҪϽȥ֪ͨˡ
ڲҲûжķ磬Ӧܹȫ֪ˡ
лһһԭһſڣ꣬˵Ҫǿó׻ô
óףʲô˼Ҳ̫ͷ
ýû⣬Ǵ˵Щ̫ˣˡ
лһ֣ǡЩģҲûʲô͵ļУ
ڨڨĵûӣмҲûʲôôʵ֮ǰйģֻǶ˸ɻľûˣ
лһˡ
ڶûӣڳԵҲûеǣﻹȥϼ뷨
ӣ
̫ð졣
ܲÿ˶ȥٰʮİɡ
˵лһûУУҲ̨жж˰
Լǵҵͽʲô⡣
ӵóףôǡﻻ
еԭ;ﻻﰡΪ˷ŶʼӣôٻصǰͿˡ
굽ͬȥˡ
Ժ뷨лһͿʼд
ƻ
һġ
һּƻ
лһû˿ͣٵľд˳
длһ
ųϢȥյ˶׼Щóܹ֮
ʲôүǴĶɲడģ
лһ֣Ҳû˵ҪԼҵĶ

˵ôһ˵ˡ
ԼкܶණܹȥֻǼҲ֪ˡ
ҩֲռЩɶֳɶֵİײֳܲɵġ
ЩȥֻҪǳЩлһţ̨ǵĶͺùˣٺˣҪ֪ЩײܲɶǴҩĿռִôʱġ
ҲǴ棬ҪĻʮİײܲ˵ˣҲÿɡ
ϵİײܲ
лһôһ룬ǳ˳顣
ãԼҩֲռ䲢Ӱ쵽ЩҪҪ˷ˡ


150 
óԼҩֲռҲܹճһЩط
ֻ, Ҫôóأ
ܲһӾͶһЩ, ϶˸Żģڰ취, ܻ뵽ġ
ֻʱûѡ
ײ»ͦ˷ĵġ
, ̨ʹлһٿ˵һ칫ᡣ
, ͸ظĲӻԾԣúʦүûæù
лһֽǿᣬǷʽġ
ײȻһ˿Ľݶ¼
ʵæ, ʦүòҪļ¼Ҫ 
ǲǣЩ̫ʦүôıʸҲӦ
ӻԾһԲ;Ҫܵ, ʦүҲǳ˼ʶˡ
ʹλϵ൱, ʱĻӼ⣬һ, ˡ
ǵ, 
Ӹտʼû˵, ۣٵڵġ
仯ô졣
ԭҲ, ǾһԵϵİڷŵĶ
лһһʱͺ˵ˣǽƷ
ڴһ̨ǲǸظκβ
һѾõ, ڵģһûоҲһ
⿴ǽƷʹ۾ð̹ˡ

ʱڳ˵뷨
֮ǰû뵽, ҲҪʾ֭Ķ뼸һ˱أƷ͵ˡ
ǽƷʵҲʲôôصĶ
ϵĽƷдһȡϵģлһѾǩֻ֣Ӯȡȡǰʹⷿȡɡ
ȡϵǣһٴʳ
һٴ
ʳ
ڶŵֻͨĳʳѣڱ߹ȼҲϵĵط˵ȴǾ
ԣлһ˵Լ뵽İ취ʱһȿֺĲԼ뷨Ҳ˿.
ɹϵܲܰѾԼظأ
ƴˣ
ʱһĹȥǱ˼ȽϿеķ
лһ־͵ǼۣŶǣ硣
գӮ̨ϽԶԶҲ۵˫һٴʳȡſڵһֱлһֿͷ
˵̨ĸǣǫ̂ˡ
Ϊٽйÿ壬£ڵĴܹϺӼֱǲܵġ
б߹ؽʿϷأػڲﶼ˵
˰ؽ겻ôˣأ
ǲ֪ÿ꿴ʬŵЩʬ
壬ܰ
ֻǴܲܲҪֲݣصعϡôĻԺҲβأ
˵߿ޣԶĻҲСġ
лһ֣λҲôģ
˶æͷ
Ƕֲݣʳ
ʳܳԣҲܳԣɲ˳Եİ
λл˸βãܹŪʳ͡
ֲֻ뷨治ҹͬ
ʳˣǻӭĽûжô
ѵҪڶŹҲ֪ģҲòôɣ
һĶһڴĿлһ֣ϣܹõл˵ĵ㲦
лһּʱܺ˵һĸѧȥǾʧȥȻˣһ仰ǣûаѲֺãǿɱҿޣ޲ã
£
ĨԶͻȻϨˡ
ˣһǰѧİɣ˵ͣͣ
лһûйԶֵô˵ɣʳǷȥ٣Ǿ͵û٣ܻܲϣͿЩݵĳˣ
Щˡ
Ҫʳ֪ģڷȥʱл˾ͺ˵ʱ뷨Ҳöʮ֮ˡ
û뵽л˾ȻǵֵЩǿĲݾʳ
⾪ϲ̫ˡ
ԺͰѵֵĲݵˡ
лһҪó׵顣
һµʱ͹ˣ֪ûӣԾﻻȡԼҪһЩˣ
Ӣ
õİ취
лһֲûоʹЪǼԼ뷨˵˳ظҪ죬˴֮ҲҪ죬ÿȻҪһģص̨ǣȫҲ࣬ΪΣ
Զæʣˣܹͨ˴𣿡
лһ֣Ȼ
ֻкܶ˲ʺϳ;棬׳ĺкܶ಻̫Щģ
غڣЩԶ
ʱ׷˵ԼѴ
лһ־ǾĿǡ
һֱȵ졣
˶ü˳۵ģлһǸˡ
лһȴЦ
Ϊ֮ףλһЩӦлĳǰһ仰ǣĥ³
Ѷǣе鶼һ˽ˣôλбҪ𣿡
¸

һƬ
ЩûмʱµҲæȥ
ǸոպʹݣֻϰߵΪЩ˵ܹİǽ˵ġ
Ͼ
λлһ߹أϾ˵֪ȱʳϾ͹ˡ
˵ĶСһ׮ö
ַӾ͸˰
ȴˣΪҲΪ֮ˣĲΪѾǵ˼ľ
лһȻᣬ¹Σ˭ûѻյģ
ԭûдģЩһﾹȻԼķ֮ҲӸǾ˳һհɡ
ЩˣҲܹɸҲ˵
Ҳû˸õطϵС˵൱ĵл˵Ľ̻塣
Ѿ֪ˣλʹˣᣬرļƣֶҲرĸ߳ЩӶж뷨
ܱ˭˽ûĵӴ
漴лһֵͽºٰһó׻ʱ䶨ˡ
³ˣ
˾꣬һܹ꣬õԶ˸ϻȥꡣ
رƫԶģ߻ȥµʱҲ㹻ˡ
ˣ¹һ²֪ܷ˽󣿡ԶһЩŵʵ
лһƽһ֣
ԶӲͷƤʵó׵ĶʲôĶ𣿿ʲôҪ󣿡
ͷʵԼ˺þãҲû뵽ʲôĶ
ֵó׻ֺܶʳ֮ģûǾ̫ѹˡ
뵽˶߸˵ĻԼҪĶ꣬ԼǺûвͬǾ͸ˡ
лһֿ˿ֿˡ
һɫ
Ͼһģ
öûС
ó׻Ƚ϶Ķڱ߹ߵ⣬ʳ߲ΪЩϵȻﻻΪҲ̫ףҪʶҪĶҪ𣿡
Զʹͷ
Ǹˡ
û˼˵
лһ֣ûʲôҪ󣬴󵽿㳵СԺܹõͨʲֻҪܹĶԣò˵ܹõõ
ԶͻȻˣǲֵĲҲǡ
лһֵͷԶĿܹʱ̵ļǵãԺҲó׻һո֮һҪãȽԶģɹùõĶɲҪ
лЯԶˡ


151 
ԶǱжޣ
лˣ˰
ܹղ֮, ̫, ̫˸жˡ.
ʵЩ궼ûô˾ΪϷˣһһ, һĸı䶼Ǽܡ
ܹЩ˿ϣ, Ǻˣ
ù٣
Եģ
Ҳһ, ļˣҲ˲ٵĲء
ԭûģڲǲܵˡ
ܵʳ, Ҫл׿˵Ƕš
л˵ģǾš
Ϊл˸ʳȻǽ, ؼǰҲ費
ɲһʳ, ôİ취ǰǰΪʲô, Ϊܹĸá
֮ǰ֪ͨʱЩ, Ҳʧˡ
֪ͨ, ΣҲ⡣
ظϵʱ, Ǽ硣
κ˴ߴ٣ǹϵĴ, ôܷܡ
ʱôһ꣬ͻ
ǿɲܹеġ
οʹ˳, ĴóĶó׻С
Ƕȥ취ˣлһҲûš
˵ȥĻóȥˮǲջġ
лʹҲûҪա
ǻȥԼҪó׻ĶлһҲûš
ֱȥ˱߹شӪ
˵Ҫлүӵʵ뿪ʱҶ˶ʮ
ȻȺ
ʮҶȷĴ£Ͼ뿪˱߹أǰطȥǵģҲȥǵģϴŵǧŵ뺯
ֻҪЩ뺯ܹһţлһ˵˾ͻǱ߹صĽʿһٽ߲˺ʳ
ȻǰͣҲҶ嵱İͬ⡣
ǲȱӣ߹ؽʿٺ»ȻıȽϲʱǲƳʳһĶϵΪЩ˲ҡ
ʿӲˣ˭
û˸ӵģ֮ģǾϼҲǳеˡ
ȻлʹܹϵʡԼȥˡ
Լȥң飬̫ҡ
лһҪôңҶүӶûʣ򽻵ôСһ˵ʵʵġ
лһֵĽ˫еĺôͽҶ˳ȥ뺯ˡ
Ĳ˵;ǵЩˣûеİɣҶȥ뺯ǻñʾʾ
һ㲻ʾĻԺٺҶʹϵǾǾԲܵˡ
ԣлһֻǱ߹ؽʿǼεó
ᡣ
˫Ӯ
¶ȥ
*
ǡ
Ҷٶݵĳ֣Ѹٵ뿪֮һӾֿˡ
ھ˲æµеĸǴ˿ԺڵͷĿĵһģЩС̼Ҵղһ̶ȴҪȥμӵǷǳõѡ
ǸС̼ҵ˸ҪȥģĲ˵ǲȱġ
Ҫȥԭ Ȼ뺯дԭˡ
뺯棬һСдģ
ǲһó׻ģΪ̨ǵĹͻȰɳ̨ǵͨ
ǱʲôҪʵݵĶࡣ
ΪǱ߹ڣЩһֱϷصĲý
ģǹڵģһûɽ֮˵
βһȰ
е˻Ҫ羭̵Щֻ̻ڱ߹ݵģȻˣЩݻ϶̷Ӷࡣ
ܹ䵽ģˡ
ΪȥˣȥҲʱˣȻҲͳ׵ʧȥϵ
֪
һˣǮѣܹõĶ¶
Ҫ֪Ǹͨ㻨Ҳһܹ
ǽʮ̨ǵʹĶͨǲð졣
ڲͬˣܹȰͨ
ԣһӣĴС̻æµ
ң͢ҲһæµţֻЩ˾ͱȽϵˡ
ϾķƲס
ʹ鷿
ϺǫһȲ衣
Ͻһӵʷ˵ǰ̫ʦͽܵģ㲻ܹܣ
ǫ²豭˫ۣ߿̾ϢͽܿΪʵ£ô˵Լ¶ϳ࣬Ҳ˵
ϣ㲻˭˵˵˵£ҶҶСӴʲô˵üأ
ǫޱȵĽ˫ԭ̾ϢһϣϳôС˼һҲǼʮСĶСͽܰŻԺȣЩϼһﲻվͰˣﶢϳ˵ϳԩԩ
ϰһۡ
ϼһˣĸƻˡ
ҲǸܹŽ˵ϺˣڱȺ껹ƻ
Ҫسǵİ֪ǫҶȻʮ߲˺ʳȥ
ʮϿȫģҲŰļˣȷʵûбġ
ʮİײˣʮ
ǵģֻ
ײҲҶҵЩ˲мһֳģȥ࣬Ҳ֪ǲ̫ʦģڲ̹ŸһķϣΪҲֱӲ֡
ײ˶ѣڵ
ֵӣˣҪĲһµģȴû뵽ǫȻҶװˡ
ʵҲǲģ˹ȥһٳİײˣܹٵĶ
ǰײ˲ֵʲôǮǻ϶ڲεļ۸˽⣬Ҳ֪ڶ࣬۵ġ
ƫƫˣȥô֪࣬ġ
ϼһͣҲʡ
֪ʷҲ⡣
ЩͽרҶᵽģаײܲ۲ˣԽԽãŪһЩҶȥʱӴš
ŪЩ֮־ϸʷˣҲͽ˼ˣרȥչһЩټũׯԲģһװʮ󳵡
ҪûôˣһʮҲпܵġ
ǣʷ˻ͻ˵ԼҲΪʲôԼͽҪŪЩͨ
Ȼ˵
Ե󳼶ܣ
ţ˭˭Ҳ֪ˡ
ó׻֮Ȼ֪ˡ
ϼʷ˲˵͸ˡ
ﻹúĲ裬ȻҶҲǫģСȥ˱߹أҪĲҶǺˣԣʡʡɡ
ǫҲܸɴࡣ
һ죬ľͻʷˡ
ûæأСͽҶ뿪æת͵ºӴţ͸÷ȥˡ
*
ºӴ塣
л־ƽյʷ֮Ͼʹȥ˴峤ҡ
峤󣬲ѩ󣬴л־ƽǷţҰȥˡ
󣬴Ӻ߳һĳӡ
вĳʽĶУиͷŵģŵģ¿ŵģܹŵǵǵĲװŵҲǸָҩġ
궼ҩΪˣЩ̫ľԼĥ˷ۣеɹˣһŻգյһκϴǱߵġ
۸ǲߣܱǿ
ЩǱյһ𣬷ڳˡ


152 
ﻻó׻ᣬûвμӹ, ڲȱʳ, ҲȱҩģǱ߹ȱ.
лһϵݾǸ, Ļ, Լȥ, Ǯȥ·ϵĻѣ϶Ǳȵ˼յҪ׬Ķࡣ
лһ˭
ǿԶĴ״Ԫ
˼ðˣڶǴ, ʹˣ
˵ĻǾǶԵģ
ûҩģ, ȻºӴϵҲ
Ǿͷ˰
ڼҲеķ, ȥ׬ӻ
Ҳţ׬ȻǴ¡
Ŵ֮, ҲæϽµд, Ҫǰ׵, Ѹ׼ˣһټҪȥ, ͻɲ;͡
ܹʹ׽ĺûᡣ
ͲҲ̸ϡ
û׬ͷлǲܸ˵, ԣϵİˡ
ôһصĴǶˡ
˭ϣԽ׬Խడ
, õҲϢҲ˼æȻˣظҲмҪһǰġ
ԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽࡣ
л־ƽôĳӣЩŵˡ
⣬Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ãӼ½֪ĶҪȥ߹أ˳һ
л־ƽһ䣬λֱ˵ĸ֣ԽԽã
£л־ƽĶˡ
½治˳˵ģҪ֪ó׻ھǸҲⳤлһֵĹ磬治һܹù
ϵҲΪҪʾһ£Ҫʲô·ǵλ֪ǰ߹һ˲ɡ
ЩҲ
ԣ½ųصĳӼ丮ĳӻϵһʱǼֱ׳۰
һ۶ͷ
½Ͱλͣһǰһټϲмάһ·ϵҲƽ.
*
³ˣһ̨ó׻Ὺʼˣ
һӿܶİˣǴСģŶĳǶֶе;ġ
Դˣлһ׼ã˴̨
֮ǰѾ٣϶࣬лһִ㿪ó׻֮󣬾ǰ˶ͳһŲˡ
ƬطҲ׵Ŀ˳΢ĸһ£ó׻Ҫط
ĵطͿڽȫŲ֮󣬸Կտˡ
лһҲûõط̫ˡ
һµʱ ϱ߹Ҷ͹˼ңټʹó׻ĵطٵĸһЩ䡣
Ȼ㲻϶ôĺȴҲܹš
ܲЩˣڽֱ߶Űɡ
̨ŵľˣǺúҲţ⡣
Ȼǹʹÿⷿ
лһֶϿ࣬һӾͱˡ
˼ҾҪ˶ʮҵ棬⻹лһָѹŵģҪԹ˼ҵĴ㣬Ҳðһ룬лһΪʹȻô
𿴵СֻҪܹⲻˡ
иҲ棬ûӡ
ڿ֮лһϢķʽаӣΪˣ̲Ű˸ˡ
ȻˣԶҲռλӾеģŹ̶λӣǵλӵʱҪǩһȷ飬ܹǼۡ
ﻻҲ뻻ʲôͻʲôģһۣڱҪ΢һġ
ȻˣˣͲˡ
߹ߵĶڿ֮󣬲ɵĶʹ˸ӵˡ
ǰ̨ǵĴ񵱳Լˡ
ôһһЩҪûҪ߼۵˵Ķ;Իȥˡ
ó׻ľҪ߰
Ϊ
ǵģΪ˷лһֻ˴Ľóһ£һҲȽϷҵԼҪĶ
ֱһҲЩе̵ĵطסޣԷҲԺȲЪţ˵ôһ֣ûôӵˡ
żֽ˵ˣ˻һЩѾˣʲôʱܹ
˵ǱߵĽ˺ֻܶ࣬ǽ첻ܹϻȥˣҪסĻûôĵط󣬻С
лһ̧̧֡
ãȻĿ
кöûأ
ЩŵţҲûţʲô£ҪЭ鶼ᱨΪ̫ǣǾ뵽дֽϵķӣôһֽûٹ
лһֿٵİŵס޵еطģڷŲµ⣬Լ͵̵ƹЭ̣ˣҾӦÿ쵽ˣ
꣺˭쵽ˣҵĺκҵ̶͵˰ˣڿЧô֮󣬻ںڴĶ̫ˡ
Ķ٣ͨҪ࣬ΪһһĻ̣ʮĳȷʵ̫ࡣ
лһҲǳǵˡ
һ˵˼Ҿˣ֧֡
ʱһͣлһվĲԶ
ʱлһϾ¶˴Ц⡣
ˣȥʮֵæж
Ŷ
˵ľܽȥȥˡ
ʹó׻ˣ˻Ǻܺҵģһ˲¶ʮˡ
һĿͷĳӣ겻ԼĴĴָ
үӰ
ȥ˵ĹȻ㵽ôĳӻᵽˣ
кö˵ʱǷ
˼Ҷһλֱǿʮԣʮ࣬ҪҲܻһôĳӡ
ӺӼ丮ĳӡ
¿Ͱлһֻ൱ļǿǻߡ
ǰ־Ʒ¿ݼʹˣ
һԵĳزҲæʩ
λǱǵ˻Ҫߵʹ
лһһ£´磬״磬ǲضλֵǣһ·࣬һæˣǺúõģ
ڲʱæ
¿ͰæͷãЩ·ϵһЩ򣬲ɣ
лһ֣һ˹ǹȥҪλ˵һҪעǼǲʶֵģһҪۣΪ·;ңԶԻЩߣҪûм壬ˣĿԼ
лָ㣡¿ЦӦ
ҲǿڶķϲŻô˵Ҫǻɱˣһʹ˭ļ۸ȥ
лһЦ˼
Ǳߣл־л־ƽվһĻһЩºĴ
лһֹ󲮣ø磬λףһ·࣡
ллˣл־ƽʹҪ¹
٣û
лһæס˵طǹã󲮲ض񣬶𣿡
л־ƽæͷ˵Щˣںĳϣ
лһһ֣ʱô˹ˡ
ܹˣ
ÿʮһȥ˵ٰǵҸĵط￴ŵ㣡
ǣ֪˴ˣ
ǣ
߰źãȥˡ
һʦүҲˡ
ײ֪Щл˵ͬ磬ˡ


153 
˵ָ, ܿͽ׳۵ĳӰźˡ
ԭڽŵл־ƽ, ڻԽԽʱҲǽˡ
лһûԱ, ôͻôõĶ, ЩҪȥܹӵġ
ѹǿ϶ܹ׬Ǯء
ҩĺʳΪҩĴ󲿷ֶҶҾˣǻıȽϼ, 
ʳԻȡƤëΪ, ߹ص˼ǴԵĺֲ֣ʳܵóԶɣԾ͵óȥԣЩǱȽ϶ġ
ֻЩܳ, ܹˣȻǶԼĵҲ˳
ھǵȵأЩƤ֮ǺټԻĺ˳
лһ߶, ʲôüʱҲûж, һֱרĵѲš
ûз֣лһǳմл־ƽл־ʹ
ʹԺһһѵİײ˺ܲ
ʱлүӴϰͶϱæµˡ
ȻҪȥ˵ģȻҪÿ
ײϻвǴˮӵ, ܲеĻմôأ·ϵôãȻͦʵġ
һȴǲûôˣлүΪҲ
ııȽϺãôʵ£ûʲôģ
ڿлһֻˣлүȻ˵Լʡ
Сӣ˿Ŷ˲ǰɣ
лһЦŵԺԽԽģүүǻ۰
лүӣǿɵȻˣ
˼ϲľС佱Լˡ
лүϲԼ
лһЦŹæһͱϸˡ
µˣС²֡
лһֻýݸһĻһڿ˾ֱˮˡ
ںˮȻǴҩֲռˮˡ
ү˵Ĳ˿Ŷ˲١
ʵҲȷʵǶˡ
ЩҶӾģȻˣлһִӿռƳģȻǶˡ
⻰ܺͼ˵ȻҲż˲ᵽȥ˵ǹҩֲռ¶ûҪôͼ˵źʣϾ̫ÿڡ
Ѿʰ˲٣лһֵȥ˹
ʰˣȻװȥó׻ˡ
ʹĴǱȽƣ󰡡
ֱӳ벻⡣
ܲײ˳ɳװϳл־ƽлһȥ̯㽻
лүӷ޺л־ޣ̨ǵ˼ϤˣҪ֪ʹĴôˣҪöĽͣЩ˵Ҳһ
Ǵүĺܣ˿ҲΪ˼ԼŪģֻʱʹѡ
л־үǱ
ˣл־ƽøǱ߽ĻһôҲܹȥһЩİɣ
лһ롣
ȷʵȥˣͦࡣ
Ƚ·ɰ͵ĲˣлҵĲ˾Եرˡ
ͻᱻ˸ˡ
һȻȥҡ
ðɣһֶ࣬ǱҶֱӸˡ
лһ˵Ǹϵģ˼ҲǸӵģȻš
Ϊֲ㣬ҶҾߵǲûģҶӰػ˵ãĻܹʸá
ʵҲȷʵˣЩմŵϢϢʧ֮ǰЩһֱᱣ˵ʵġ
лһֲ˵Ūȥ֮Ӧþͻˡ
Ҷ忴ǵˮˮ۵İײ˺ܲΧĽʿһӶЩ̫תˡ
жûмô̵ʲˣʱõĶе벻˰
ʿǸҶսģܳʵ߲˵ʱ֮١
죬߹ؽʿһٺ÷
һļֱ£˾ȫǾһ̵⡣
ҶΪ󽫾ǾΪսİˣڳЩ֮󣬾Ȼû˲١
óʲôǺеġ
ҪлһҶ뷨϶Ҳᱨ΢Ц
˾ͺãĶҪ
æµһ죬һֱҹĻ٣ó׻ϵ˲һЩ
ȻȴǱȰʱˣͷתæһ죬õԼҪĶЩҲȥˣõĺȱƣԣҲͦġ
׻ˣе˶Щδġ
ܾʱ̡̫
Ӽ丮˰׵֮лһҲͬ˼⡣
Զˣֻһ죬Ȼ׬˵ӣ˵Щ̫⡣
˶סվʹҲʲô˶ܹס
л־ƽסˣԼˡ
һĵʱлһֵ󲮣Ҫó׻ʱ䶨ĸһЩǸоô
ȻǺˣ̫æˣҪ´εĻһǰ׼һЩǱڼֵػǿл־ƽЦ˵
ڸ·ʱЩĶȴȥ׬ͷ
лһ˵ףŻͷȥ˵뷨ó׻Ὺʱ΢һЩҲǲС
³ţл־ƽԺӼ丮Ҫظˡ
ڳ뿪ˣЩҲлһֵдټл־ƽһ˿϶Ͼߵġ
ڲ߲ˣϾҪǰȥء
л˶˳
ҪϺһȥЩӣл־ƽݱлүӵʱʵ
лүӣͦõģȹ
ٻȥǣӾУ֪
֪
л־ƽĲС
￴ŻͦģֻĻ̫ˣء

ʲôʱǸ
϶ҪȴֶӰ£ʹô䣬ҪĺԼһѡ
۵ֵĴֶӣʲôҲû˵лһֵļȻų뿪ˡ
лһ֣ƺǺʹ˵ȥĶˡ
ųԶˣ룬Ҳû׷ȥȴ󲮻صҰѶжʱԽҲܿõ˰ɣ
ºӴ壬л־ƽ
ʰл־ƽĶ
ǵһʱȴǾ
л־ƽһæ˽ô£
ԺʰЩƤӣźˡ
һϲ㲻˵󲿷ֶǻôӰ
ۻôܣôӵİҪ˵ϱۻл־ƽҲסˡ
ˣ뿪֮ǰܴģ˵ǸʰĵСһ
ʱŴӲҲûеһ¶û뵽Ȼӡ
ôǮĴҪһ·ϸ˱ˡ
л־ƽˡ
ɣ
ô°Ǳ˷ŴϽ˼ͻȥɲСĿϴߴٵ
ƽʱͦƽϵģϣҲһܹġ
֮ƿɲã
ҲȱɲΪ˵ӸԼ鷳
л־ƽɣǶģ
ʲô㲻˵ر𣿡ŶƳɲر
л־ƽͺϱ˵ˣҲ֪˱߹صӲù
ҲףҪǺùֶôܻǱ߸Ͷأ
ЩҲûаͣǻģҪǹĺõĻͲôһ٣ͽá
ҲΪڵģֻܿʣ¸ˡ
ֶ˰ˣ
̨̫ԶȻл־ƽգһʱҲͲȥ
ֻϺúţԺһٻȥ


154 
̨ǵлһһҲ֪յ֮ľ, ʱǶڸ˵ӡ
ǵ, ӡ
ңôҲ
ֻ˭ҲԸš
лһԼ̫æ, ܽӷ, Ȼеǵطš
лүǹ뷨Բ׬ٶӦùš
л־˸ˣǾˡ
, ǰЩƽֳݡ
лүһ, л־һݣǵʦһݣлһһݣһ㵽л֦ϡ
һӶ߹ˣڵл֦æ߶, ϵӵĽҲǳеˡ
ЩɲܱСԵҲȱЩʱҲ˵̫ȥ
ʱлһҪӸ, ֻл֦ôҲԸգԺҲ, ˵Ͳܾܾˡ
ǼεĻȥĲһ֣õȻ١
ԺһЩܲýæչŻԼɣ
ȻˣҶӾǻʱЩĲˣлһҲû˼Ұæ, Ǹһٽ˵ˡ
ҲҶҪġ
ûв˳Եı߹أ˿ǱӸܻӭġ
Ϊ˲ռ˼ұˣлһֽײܲһٶ⻹ƵײҲʮҶٸֵĺϲ£ˡ
ײ˰ζˡ
ﻻĽ׷ʽڱ߹ػˣ
ڱ߹Ǽֱ൱ðΪܹó׻ҲӵȶһЩÿظﶼĹ涨
ʳļ۸񣬻ʳԴ൱˵
ôһҲû˸
лһôԭҪӸԴϽЩпܷµĸԴѹȥ
Է¡
Ȼлһ֪Щ²ûеģҲǷˡ
ûЩ涨Ҳģ֮ǰɶҪˣܹȡʳ߲˺͸ʵĻᣬɵ˲ŻԼҲڡ
Ҫ̰۵ˣ̫үǸҪǴԼظ
лһȥ죬ǾԼˡ
΢Щ״̬ϲ죬˭Ұ˭
Ч൱ĺá
һֱ꣬ûзһ¡
Ƕ
λлͿ̫ˡ
ûʮεʹûн±⣬˼ҲŸͶ
ο߹صһжڽϽ֮¡
Щ߹صĽʿɲЩ˭̣ʳǿ϶һʹʰʹʰ
˭
ֻҪ˭ڣǾԲһ˵
ǼʶģѹͲʱʲô
˼
ûԹ꣡
꾰ܹϱĹ꣬ǾϹ
˵ˣ˭֪λӺлǺõܹһӵġ
̨ǵһ˼Ҳл˳˹ʽˡ
˵лһʦֵܵ£Ҳǲ֪ЩҲ⴫ΪҲûʲôô
ⲢӰ֪лǰ壬˭˭
ЩظĲ˭佱л壡
ó׻άһҹû˯ãҪƽʱǵķ֮¡
л˲ģڽ֮󣬸е˶˸
ǵģ
л˵ǹ긣
Ӵʦүٵɨÿ˶Уһģһĸ
һȣһ̳װľƣһģһŰײˣһܲһӡ
ֹ긣ǰʹڵ˸ˡ
Щ˶ʮҲûЩö
ͺײһڸʮϵλ˵ĸд
л˹ȻͱĹٲͬ
˵нѾˣʱΪԺ԰ĵĸɣ
ţл˴ǿĵֲݣʱΪҵ飬ܹȥϣˡ
лŪó׻ᣬæĽŶմŵأǳʵȻһæֵÿ˾͵ӵǮǾ룬ɺòܶԵлôõķʹ
ٺָôõĹ긣һ̣е˶ţʲôɲɺãԵԼ
ʳĸ٣лˣ
лһֵڹǰ⼸죬һٶȴ˱߹شССĽ䡣
ܹǹĹ٣Ǻù١
ĸ٣ˣ
䣡
лһֵҩֲռٴ˶
û󣬶ڿյϣһЩӵĿⷿ
ֿտӣʲôأ
ϣлһԡ
ܷʲôܹŽȥ
ｫιһ˽ȥ
ٷųȻڳԲݣҲȻԭأ·ոյһжûзƵġ
лһּˡ
ܹŻĽ࣡
ûκγɣлһ˼Σȷܶ೤ʱ䣬ҩֲռﶼûволһүӵ
лүӸոϴˢںȲ衣
лһ֣үүϺ̫˯ŵģ
лүȫںûģ˯ž˯һʲôҪүүæ
лһÿ춼ڣôȴ࣬ӰϢ¿ɲܸɣǲܳɡ
үүôˣлһ־صĵ
үүܴȥһطŲ
û뵽ԭЦŵлүȴֱһԵİϣŶϰ飬ȥٶһˮû
үүлһҪֹѾ˺үү˵׼ˡ
֪үȴȫ˵ǿӲĿҵģ
ҲСӣүүģͷӲ㣬ҳȥˮү˵
лһֿ̳ȥŴϣЩζ
үүҲЩж
ʲôҲû˵үүȻΪ롣
Źϡ
лһַлүӵĸ첲һʶүʧڷ
лүӾԼ۾Ҳûգͻطˡ
ýʹĶ˶أȻʵġ
ܣ˲Լ۾̫á
ʲôضãЩȻǡ˲ΣǰЩﳤģлүһ֪ˣǰڵĲξȻǴﳤġ
лһЦӦǵģүү
үӶˣȻûбҪκε
ãүԵĿ佱
ЩڴĳƻҪãžϲ˲á
ţүڵرת˼ȦߵڻײܲĵطүӾЦˣóĶЩ
֪
ˣԺҪϸһЩУԼ˻˵ɱ˿ܾͻˣлүԼľ˵
ллүүлһͻȻԼʵЩɵ
˵ʱھʲôҲʣʲôҲ֪ʵȴĽ
˼ҵͣĳЩ
ЩĲˣҶ˽жԺ֮Ѿġ
ٿŴģٿСģҲûһġ
лһһͶô࣬Ҳ壬ֻʲôҲûʣǴż˰Źƺ
ʲôŵĲȣʲôֵģ˺þòԭ
Ҳ˺һʰĳ


155 
ط治, Ҫܵĺ, ĸҪ鷳лүѵĵ
үү֪, ͺ˵ˣлһֽүӵ֡
һ, 治֪˵Щʲôˡ
Ϊʵ̫̫࣬ЩԼҲû뵽ġ
үȴǻڶҺ֪Уﻹû˵ɣϰﻹҪ֪, Ϸô, лүϰ鲻ˡ
лһҡͷ˵ģһȥ˵
˵ˣﵽٺ˵ڵ̫ᣬ¶лүӵ
лһ֣ﲻ˵, οôңҲҪүү̺͵ﶼ˸ˣ
лү˿ͬ˺Ǹ޹أǾͦˣҪǸ˵Ļ, ͸Ͻӣ, ͸ˣ
лһͻȻ䲻˵ˡ
үүܵҲ̫ˡ
οԼ̫С˺ðɣ
үүһ仰лһҲýԼСóˡ
ȶף֮ϳףһҲ󣡡
лһ֣ϵ
үҲôһ˵, ûһֱ˵ȥ
ʵүӵİѹ˵ˣԺҪǿ˵׾Ͳˣ
ԣԺлһʱʱľͻ˺˵װŮӰֻǿһҪͼ˵˵Ļ⡣
ȻˣЩǺ󻰡
ʱүѾҩֲռæˡ
үǿҵҪŪˮɽпյأŶ˷ѣ
οֲԼڴӣֻڸˮȥˣԺԼԸʲôҲ㰡
Դˣлһûľͬˡ
֮ǰҲŪһˮأ㲻°βˡ
ֻ⼸ҲǷڵʱŻóһûжܣڿĶһ§ˡ
лүôͣҲټôأ
ôõĵطôõſˡ
үӵİæĶҲǱģ˲ʱ үͽһںˡ
үΧתȦȱЩͷȥЩУЩ̫ˣ
лһ֣үүģǳ𣿡
ɣһȥŪҪ̫ģ˵̳ȥģһ§ľ̫ˡ
ڱ߹ҲԲϵĵطͻȻôһ治ˡ
ٳȥʱүӲһѲҶ
ڸսʱͿˣǲҶǽԼӵκòҩ
֮ǰ˵ǲҶлүҲΪĲҶδŵġ
ڵãۼˡ
ժһѲҶװڴһȻһģһġ
ֻȽʶѡ
Ҫ֪ЩлһΪ˴ŷ㣬ŻԼһ¡
֮ϻָһүӾͳ⺰ӣˮأŪĲҶ
ˣ⶯󣡡˵Цžͽˣﻹһðˮ
Ҷˮݡ
硣
һһȵļ俪ġ
лһΣֻš
֪˯ˣżһµҲ̫ĸɡ
ʱô˯ĻǾͻдӰˡ
裬үӾԼĺ˳ˡ
֪ܣû뵽ȻôܣүӻǱˡ
ȱѹѹʲôģȻá
лү뵽һ¾͵һôģ
ϣϵʲô谡
ɻţŲȴǲͣȥ
ĶͲȫˣһ軹Ǻܿеġ
ֻǣһõͱүӸˡ
̫Сˣģ
С˰ƽʱԷҲòôأ
˵СС̫ôô໰
ۿھҪлһæվүү̣ȥãȥã
˵Ⱦͳȥˣת۾˻ﻹһľ衣
ϣǡҪϴ裿
ľƽʱʱ˳õģʲôϴģ
лүӳŹͷ
лһ߹ȥŹϡ
߻ԴľԱߣһ֡
žણ
һ˸첲Ĵƾճ
ͻȻֵΪûˮڸͣ
ڰĿ£лһһ֣һˮð˳ע뵽ľ
ܵˮȻתȦˡ
ľˮҲתȦһһˮơ
ͻȻַŵľ
ˮġ
ûжִ̹ǵ⣬ִͦʵС
ϲĵץ㡣
ľ㣬εȻ̫죬ǻﶪģץ˼Ҳûץ
ģ۾һпĶġ
лүӣȻģǹɣ
ϳԼҹһĴָ
Уð㣬ҲûбԼҹˡ
лһֺܲǫЦˡ
һԽëù߸ֱ̲˵̣𣿡
ϸ˵ĵаôһ㣬ܳԵˣ
Ծ£
ûû겻ùڲõˣôһء
ͷүӵˣֱлһ뿪ҲûʼκһĻ
ôİ
ˮô°
ΪʲôͰ
֮ĻһҲûʡ
лһֿүүþ֮Ϩĵƹ⣬ĸжĻԼԺӡ
˶ŬһЩü˹ĸãİ
һһֱΡ
ﶼ߱Ĵ㣬дôߵء
лүӽһ޴ĺõص¶Ͱ϶˵ˡ
ڳĬһȴǲԼͬ˵һ䣺¶õˣ
Ĭ֪飬ҪǴȥԻ鷳ġ
үӾ˵ٽȲҪ϶ᣬô쳣£Խ֪Խá
Ը̫ϱȻеƢҲǼˣҪǱŵͲ̫ˡ
Ͼе֪Ϣʱܹôġ
Ȼڶлһյүү̵˫ض
֪ΪԼãлһһһӦ¡
ɣүүҲһƬ⡣
һ죬л˱߹ذ࣬һγԵ㡣
ڣޱȡ
л־һ䣺ģǶ㣬óԣ
ϣܴģóԺڼιԣɺĻУ¶
Ŷ֪㣡л־һܷʵϡ
ֻ֪Ǻ棬ȴȻЩš
ҿǣһǵһЩţĲ˵
ܲʱʱľƾճһЩ԰ɡ
ܿ죬Ͼ֪Щ鲻ˡ
Ϊˡ
Ҫ˵ҲǿˣͶġ
лһһ¹ͱл־л˼˵ǼͶȥ
ͶңǴģǱߵģҸϣлһֱʵܹͶҲ϶ʶġ
л־ҡͷǣҲʶġ
ʶ
صʹлһһ˵ʶ
Ͷ˲Ǳˣǵлһڸʱϳţ
ţǴһǰͶġ
ǰͶֻһ֮Եˣֹлһֲ⣬лҲˡ
ܺ档


156 
ԭţлһּĻصҲ֪, ļ˱˼Ҹ˳
ԭ뿪Ҳ, Ӿż˷纮
ӣȫӿ˲, һ˻ҪԺõ, Ͳòȥ衣
ǷŴƭţϱ˵Ѻӵӡֻ˲һӣ͹Ӹˡ
ţĲ, ͵ſڸ״
ֻ, ʲôҲûУϵĶʮӣлһ͵ĸġ
ûӵĸ״ţϱĻѺ, ûԸһ硣
ŴûлǵķӣһһϳظţǹԶ㣬ٸҽ, ̴ֱ
ţϱ޵ȥֱԼûغüҵ, ˸˿ӡ
ǲźû죬Բסõģһֱɵġ
һվס죬޾ˡ
мҲܻأܲһֱסվ
ס𰡣
е, лʱ
ȻţἰεĹһҶǺˣֻǾЩԶ
ţϱڴʱȴޱѡ
ԶʲôģǶнŵģźߣܱǿ
ţһ룺ҲǣȥЩСųǣǱʵ̫䣬ͺڵϻᶳģ
ţϱȦͬˡ
һôòŻοҪһŮ˺ͺˣųһЩ
ţʱ򣬲ֹųһЩܺصºͳԺõģһѣҲССһ
һܹǵס磬ڳмůͲ١
һһţڳϣһ·̨ǡ
һһأţʱ䶼·ˡ
лʲôܸɣʲôҲҪֻҪܷУţͨڵϰ
ﲻĻҪ˵ġ
лһ
ţл˵𶯲͹жϥлƽ𣬻㺢Ҳڿأ
ţȦ˺죬ȴҲûټҪȥ 
ҪûбĻ·ˣҲôͷġ
ţϱѾˡ
λûиǳȥҲû˵ҪһӰ
ԺҪô죿
Ϊܿ죬лһָָһ·
ʵ¶лһľд˵ģֻû뵽ô˹ˡ
ԭԺҪ취һЩ˹
ǻûˣǵٶʲôã
ţĵǽлһֵ뷨ǰˡ
ԣһ¾ͽ¸˵˳
ǱһЩյض㰲һ£ǾͿסˣ
Ҫȥյס𣿡ţЩţŴӴ˾лҵ
ء
û뵽л˾Ȼס
лһ֣ĵطǿճģûסѰطԼʰסˣ
һҪˣǲҪķӣܹˣţҵң
лһ֣˿ūĺԺĿƾٶܵӰ죬ɣû¸ɵĻæǹӶÿ¸ӣ
ţߵͷ
лΪ룬Ϊţҵܳһٵ
ܹūҲûʲôԸġ
һ쿪ʼţһҾھʹԶһס
ţһҶȥʹæ
ţźԺſţʱ͸𴫵Ϣ ǽǰɨĸɸɾģžر
ţϱڳæˣҲ֪л˵Ŀζһ˾ͽʳŵ׵ģȫðϺˡ
ڿˣﻹеӣͳѩʱ򣬽޺ˣôһ´ѩҲˡ
ܿ죬¹ȥˣת۾͵˴ʮ
ϦҹҼԲ
̨ҲһƬϲա
жûôϲˡ
ǲ룬ûĻ 
лһֺͼ˶ԲʹĺһȥѲˡ
ʹлһ֮ǷְѲǵġ
żҲһȥѰ顣
һǱȽ⡣
ǳϦһûͣѩĳϦлһֲľ͸Ѳһ顣
һѲ֮Ѿҹ
лһվʹǰѾ쵽СȶӵѩЩꡣ
ҪһֱôȥɲȰ
ѩôġ
ˣǻظ𣿡ѾǣƥֻǼүһֱվûҪߣһ䡣
лһվһֵ˶ţһϣʹ
ǣ⵹¶ֻҪѲǵעŵѩС
ϣлһ־ͻ˸
ظ֮Ҳû
һֱľľϿ˴Լ֣һֻҪһֱ£Ҳܹѩĳ̶ˡ
Ϧҹѩһҹ
ڶһ磬лһһţͼѩѾûϥǡ
ˣѩһҹûͣ㣬һֱôţô죿һүϾͿʼ㱨
лһֿ첽ߵǰ
ŵƽأлһľʱǿѩܹĿľϵ֡
45ף
һһҹѩô࣬Ҫһֱôȥأ
лһֲٵ顣
лһ֣֪꣬ͨã
ȥӿǷ
⣬ٴѲӣ·ܶϽӵʹ
ǣˣҪȳԷүͷ˸ոȥԽģСĵ
лһ֣ûճˣȥ죡
ǣˣȾˣôѩͲʺŵĿ졣
лһҲûš
Եͼ˵һȳԷõԼˡ
۵ĸҪ˵һɻȥˡ
ϣСҪҪæģ£ϽȥҲӼӣ·ϵ͵ͣ
æͷȥװӡ
ǰ³ģҲװϣĻҲ̫ճ
лһֽӹҲ˳ȥ
ţںҲˡ
ţôҲȥˣϲ⡣
лүӣǰˣСܵи˸ţ
ϣûԷأĿɵó극ٸȥҲٰ
ţϱһ϶˽ӣһ⻰Цŵ̫̫ˣԹˣոµѾǰˣ
ϣŶŶУеʳžС
ţϱЦݡ
ΪҲõģû뵽ܹʹгкסģĽӸĺӶ˲١
ܹôõĶңһұҪİ²С
лʰ֮ûٵлһˡ
ֻǣǸԷţܻˡ
ҪһЩһЩѩȥ˵ѩΪľҪ˳
ѩǲѩԽԽãлүǰҲ˵ô˵ģֻǻûв
ţ㶵ĵǰɣлѾǰѩˣǼҲ£
лүӣǿ϶ģߣûߣѩȥ
л־Ҳȥæ
ϺţϱţҵĺӣҲˡ
ѩСϲġ
ֹʹлˣ̨ǵ˶ˡ


157 
ѩ
ķ˳ˣ
һͷһ, бøʵʱ𣿣
ѩ, Ȼš
·ԭѾѩʱѾһܿ·
·ϵЩѩ, ͱ˵ȥˡ
, ̨ǵһ
ǰ˵ǺӣǺ֪ôţӶ, ͳһˮ, Ӿͳ˰
лһڰó׻֮ǰѾ̨ǵѩֵ£Ǹʱ򣬾úײ˽ӽ
ôһ, һӾʹ˺ܶࡣ
һһҹѩˣǰˮȴǲûн
ֻҪѩѩͻܿڻ
ѩԽԽ࣬Ҳڰӿڴܹõѩ, Ϊ˱Ϊʧѩûһ̤ȥ, ǾЩðˡ
лһְڴ˴ţжѩöƣһܹˡ
ѩԽԽ࣬ѩˮҲԽԽࡣ
ˣӻ᲻ΰײһѩѵʵ
лһ֣, Χǻݶȣжٽֵѩûꣿ
ײһСɣոҿϵѩҲɨˣ𣿡
лһ۾һ
Уͷһ¸ãһ̨ǵӱѩѹأ
ײϵͷӢȥţ
лһ֣ˣ
ײһҲ࣬ӦõģһæȫȺģ
ײȥˡ
ܿ죬иѩˡ
Σֹж׸Ů˲١
Լݶѩˣ˶ȥѩˡ
˭ϣиӹ
ҪǻɱĹѩЧ϶ôá
ʹлһ־;Ժʹ
лǳԱůǹһõ¶Ƿᱻŵ꣬Ĺ٣ŷ
Ϊˣлһһ˵ѩϢǶ˵ϾͲˡ
磬ţϱŸ˷ʳ
лһϵĽҲøûгԷˣͶʳ
һϾкһԡ
ʶл˵Χ˶Χ˹
һЩ˵ļ˸˷ģҲ˳
зһԡ
㣡
һһ죬̨ǵæһ졣
ĴСѩһ飬ȻѩȻ£ܹûСȵĵطȴѾˡ
û˻ѩµѩҲûôʵˡ
οѩ˵лһٰʲǫ̂ǵҲ֪Լ
ȥˡ
ϣлһٴȥѲǣҲȻڲͣɨѩ
Ϊ·̫ߣǾͰɨõѩԼԣ͵ȥ

лһһ
һһҹĻҲǺһģ̨ǸѾͳɡ
ѩ˾ҹ
һֱ³˲ͣ
̨ǵ·Ѿ׵Ķһ
ڣѩͣˣѩˡ
ֲֻƽѩ׳¡
˲ţȴסһϲڵܺӡ
ڱϣһСһﲻͣڱţʱĴһĺ
лһ·ʱ򣬿ЩܺǵĶ͹һ䣺СЩ棬Ҫü˵ģ
ܺһۼľϳлһ֣ʱͽкţлˣ氡
лһ֣ûô˵ɣ
ĺҲ˹ڴ
лһֽ⳨ݸꡣ
һˣ̫Σˣ
лһ֣СӶģûʲôΣյģ
Ȼ꾪㤵עУ֤˴СһүܺǷһ
үʵˡ
һлһ־뿪ˡ
дҪɵˡ
ܺһȴҲǷǳĵġ
ǰĺܻǲģȻЩģȶԻûġ
ܺлһ뿪֮Ҳܿˡ
ǵһʱȥͼ˵ɪȥˡ
л˺һţ
һ꣬ʹлһ漣
첻ز̵ܽܺǣл˵ĻǾԵĹ
ԵĸǹԱӡ
ӱߡ
лһִźʦүһվڰߡ
紵Сһĸۡ
ֻǣȴûһҶ
Ӻÿ
ĺÿģ
ǰôûзأ
˶Ǹ̾š
лһֿ˲Զﻹвػصæµš
ǱߵǸʲôģлһֿһûпԭɾʵ
ײˣǱߵ˽رģΪڵϵıҲѩģӦҲЧ
ȥ
лһ˾˹ 
һʮԷɵѩСӡ
֮ǰѩʱʮ˾ͺۣʱлһֻԿ佱ǣϾʮһɻ벻עЩס
ѵõѩˣڼ֡
˱ĳ·Ѿƽ˲ٵ·лһ֣ںײ
Ķ˵仰
ײˡ
ϣʹʮ󺺡
ȽѩʱȻ죬ʱʮ˾Щнˡ
󡭡ˣڿлһֹʱ򣬸ǽŵĲˡ
ʮʦүʹʱЩצ
û£
ûرĻ£
ʮʵûа취Ҳй뷨ģֻǾʹʹ֮뷨ͳ׵ʧ˰
ѩܹôҲΪҪиõӹ
һӱʹʮ˸ŵĲС
лһ֣ɣ
ң

վסˣر¹
ײһеСΡ
֪ʮǰĵԣڴȥʱ򣬾΢ССĸһЩѹ
ڿѹЩˡ
һǰĵһҲˡ
лһЦʦүҲҲ죡
ʮˣܾܾ
Ĳģ
벻£
룡
ˣԸϵɽ»𺣣Ǹ缸ƴҲɣ
лһ֣ǲˣ
ʮ󺺣Ȼˡ
лһҲûٺίֱӾ˵ȱӵˣп𣿡
ͨ
ʮҲϱ䣬ֱӾ͹ˡ
ŬôãΪܹл˵
Ĳ˵ܹô͵л£˵ˣɨ֣ҲǶǵϿɡ
Ҳ˵˵ԼҲõˣԲǶӡ
лЯ
ɣԼ£
˵˵£٣ҲУ
лһ֣
ѹκˣɣöԲĸ޶
ʮһǣٴι±ʾġ
лһȥðһ¡
ʦү뿪֮ɻʵˣʮ˱ѸİҪǡ
лһֹ̧ʦүĻ
ô˵˭ϣиñͷûһҪ˲ˣģһᣬĸã
ʦүǣǵ㹻˰
лһ̾Ϣһ·ݴҶҪȥģʱǻȱܶ࣬ʱ򣬶һЩлɵģƷõģģ¾ǸɻʵҲɡ
ʦүĴָǸհԶ
ҶҾ˵¶ײ֪ģΪ֮ǰлһֺˡ


158 
ײǽҪ˼ҵ¸˸ɾ, лһִʱ, ܲһܹˡ
лһ֣հԶһԶʦү, Ҫлô֧, ϣһʵĻ㲻ڣ
ײһ, 漴л, ¶㾡ȫѣ
һ
ǣ
ײ뿪ˡ
Ȼлûиȷı֤ˣлЯġ
ܹٴС, ܹġ
ܲһӵʦүɣ
ʦүǾĻȥˡ
Ȼˣܾˡ
ǰ룬Ѿǲ, ͻȻ֪лᣬܲ
ܾ
ζ¶, ɵҲܾ
ˣʦү߸ˣǰȽҪõģ˵ҪŵҪѰˣһ˵
лһ֣ȥ, ֻҪҵľУ
ǡ
ҲһһܹŵģǼҲһӾˣ
꣺ˣߣ
лһӿԶ
߲ߵν
ֻ֪ûΪûδɽ
ˣҵˣүȥһˣ
˵Żţ˹
лһ֣үү˵ʲô£
ţҡͷү˵ȥ֪ˣ

ɫȷʵ̫ã
лһһͼˣ캮ضģһ꣬˵ʲôصĵطߣʦү㿴Űţмң
ǣ˷ģȥ£ʦүæӦ¡
лһֿ첽ȥүӵԺӡ
лһһӾֱλϵүӣүүôҶүүҶô¡
Ҷ壺ҪĴ£֪ǹˣлүӵţ˵
ҶүӸǰҲʹֻǸʱǶǱװڣȫ룬Ҫսһ㡣
лһүүֹһȷүû£ŷĵĵλ¡
лүЦŵңүүأлϵл˵ɣҲûˣЩ˵ȫ©˵Ļ㲹䣬Ҳǣ
ҶүӣУ˵ɣСһмҪæ
үүˣҶүү˵ܰæģһƴǣлһֵ
ȻҵүүˣүүҲʲôõ飬лһ˵ʱҲû̫ܡ
лүӵѺǵݺˣϸȥѺ˹ֻɹȥûһɹ˻
ģʹһ£ǸĲôЩ˵ĶĿģ
˵ĲģЩ֡
лһͷһɫ糣Ŀˡ
Щ˰ʲôĿлһװ㶵ĵ
λϣлүȵȿȣҲô˵ģǻţ
лҸˡ
ŲŹ֣
ҶٵĲˣԼû
Ƕ˺ֻܶ࣬ǾҶҵİҲûвѡ
ͻȻҶүվ
лһɫĿҶүߵǰ
Ҷүүл뽲
Ҷүлһֵļ򣺡и½˼һ
лһüͷ˶Ȼ󣬵ͷ
ʲôģеʱҲǲȱٵġ
ϽĹ£ɲôõġ
ȥ̸׼źȵˮҸţ
˵꣬лүӲˣͳȥˡ
Ҷүӣлֵ⣡
лЦųȥˡ
Ͼࡣ
֪ܲҶϽҪ͹˵ʲôлүӴȴ֪ һǸø֪ܡ
ڻ᲻˶Źܹдõġ
ʵϣҲȷʵˡ
ҶүӵĹº̣ܶ仰ͽˡ
ǸлһֵȴǲԼ״Ԫ
Ҷүӣʮǰ˼˼ײ˳Ϊûв̹࣬Ϸ£ÿһ˽ɲ̹ԻһЩ쳣Ժ̫ʦĲ̫ʦԽԽ󵨡ţ
лһ֣֮Ųģ
ҶүӺ⣺㾹Ȼ֪˵ֻеһƷϵĲʸ֪𣿡
лһ¶һò΢Ц
Ҫ˵ԼҲΪϵһֵʲôβǫʦ֪ҶϽ᲻ᱻŵ
Ҳʲôʵ£лһֲûдҪ˵
˵ҲԼ
ϻʦҪ˵ĻǾ˵ɡ
ǱԼеλԼҲܲ˰
˵лһֵ
лһֲͣҶүҲûٶ׷ʣΪƿػ֮󣬸ӸΪȥĸѩ֣Ľ̫ʦֹһεĿΪ̹ѩ֣ͬ˲̫ʦĽ飬ɱ߹ǰرŵ˻أֻǣ˵˾ͰˣҲ㣬֮£ͲһõˣԣлˣǺΣ
лһ֣Ҷүүʸ𣿡
˵
лһ֣ҵĺôʲô
ʲʲôҶүΪԼˡ
һԵҶҲЩ
С
ǡּۻۣ
лһֱֺ ҵĺôǺҪǰ뵽˽˳İ취ܹõʲôһûκιϵĹ¾ͽ˰ɣ
Ҷүӣǲһֱ棿ҽ˵ˣг⣡
лһ֣㣬ǲʵڣҲԺ˵£̫ʦ̽ӣû֤ݡ
Ļû˵ҶүӾվô֪
Ҷ壺ҲǸղģѵӰСйأܰСûʱӴ
Ҷүһ¡
лһҲһ¡
¶ˣ
ֻô˵ȫΪ̫ʦΪ̫쳣
ǸνΣҲ˵¶
ڴ֮ǰɼΣεҲǺġ
Ҫ̫ʦһĽ볯õĲͳ˵ٶˡ
ǻʺˣҲûôš
ֻԸĿˣô϶㹻ĺ̨
ڲ̫ʦĶӺŮˣȻǰų֣ԡ
ԭֻҪٸ̫ʦһϰģԼʶ䣬õϢ 
Լڻϵ˭֪أ
ҶүĹע£лһƮƮһ䣺˵Ҳµģλ𣿡

֪˲̫ʦ̽ӵ飬˵Ǹ׽ˡ
̫ʦдǱҪڴ֮ǰһȥĽˣ
лһֵͷ
Ҳûпܵġ
֪ҪˣȥܣٵǱȽ׵ġ
̫ʱһҲ𣿡Ҷ̲סʵ
лһ֣аɣ
ʵȷʵͦġ
ȻûʳҲΪлһһֱţʲôĿɽǲԼԲһֱûʹġ
ҶңʦǫлһҪʣһҲûᡣ
Щ²ʾ֪𰸵ģһʱȻ֪ˣڽ졣
ⲻǾ֪
һ׼Ҳûе¡


159 
лһ־û̫ʱ, ҶүҲˡ
һҲûʲôĸо, ˿ûڴˡ
ҪʲôԼ˵, ҶҲ˵ܹȫ, ˸ĲģҲܹ˵ϻҶүǽԼ϶ˡ
лһ֣ô֪һܹа취һأϾЩɲ٣
а취, ҲһӶó, Լĵơ
Ҳ֪Ҷү˰ʱôġ
˵һ飺һǾҪö˹ģҸˣ֪ܲ, ھʦҲ˵ģֻûôɹǱͬˣ
лһ֣ʲô˼Ǵأô, Ҳǲ̫ʦǻŪ鷳ģ
Ҷүӵͷ
ô¡
лһĨһ
ôȥлһ־ԼƤܻᱻĨü㡣
ĵĶв̫ʦ, ϼһĿĹġ
лһֺܳԾ̫ʦͲ»ϲ鵽ϣ
ᣬ̫ʦֻһ仰ƳȥֻҪܸ鷳ѡ
ܹ鷳ܲܽаԼһҲ, һرæ
Ҳûڼ˶ãæˡ
ǶԼģлһֻǲôġ
׻ỹкܶطԽġ
Ǹ̫ʦҪԼ鷳ܾܲôȥ˰ɣ
Ҳ̫ԼԸˡ
룬лһ˼ƽϡ
óһֽдߵȻλԹˣҲӣڴλıҵҪܼ򵥣ˣ
һԱμó׻ᣬͨʹرŵó׻ԱˣҪһ˰ܲܰװ׵ǵı߾һ⣬٣ҪϸĶĶ١
ʹϣбָָ㣬̨ǵĽ׻ģ˭ٲ֣ǽɢҲνлһ֣ҿ˭ܹ׻!
ǹˡϣܹںһרӣֱ̨ͨͺĹٵģ;չ·Ѽɣ
лһ˵ͽдĶҶүӡ
ҶүָҶ塣
ү㿴ңҿ㣬Ȼͷ
˵⼸㲢ûʲôرѰġ
ýǸҪһֱʹӵļһﰲȵ㡣
ϵ뷨ЩҲһܹ
˵˵ΪһӵĻȫȫŵĻҲǲܵġ
һ뻹пܵġ
̸ˣҶүүҪ뿪ˡ
ǰлһԼҪȥӣͶһµס
󣬻
ڶν׻ᡣ
ڶν׻ӾͶһˡ
лһҶүү
ϣΪһӽǣʱΪӣҪҵģôô죬УʧˣҲܹҵϣ
û⣡ҶүϾͬˡ
˭Ķû⣬ֻҪܹ׾С
ػؾǼ£ǿûжʱ̽ˡ
лһ⼸Ҳûţصʹͱ߹سоǱܶ
ʮæµ
һµףһ֧ʮĳ뿪̨ǣֱžǶȥ
һ·Ҳûš
ͣһЩҲһЩ
ĶһЩƤëϣ·ϵʱ򣬻˲ٵĲϣǱĵطĸãҪˡ
ҶӰؿ⳵ϵĶѾһ飬ڳԷʱ򣬲ɵ˽µСһ䣺㻻Щʲôǻô𣿡
ͬʱľҶӰغҶ˶֮µġ
ҪЭ浣·ϻֲġ
ǾЩ鷳ˡ
ҶֵˣͲ⡣
ôϤˣҶӰڿлһֻôĶ֮󣬻ûסˡ
Ҫǻˣ϶ܵȵڡ
лһȴûдҪ˵ףԺ֪ˣ
ҶӰأ
Ͳܺúõ˵
һº󣬾ǽ⣬ӭһʮӵ̶ӡ
֮󣬾ڶˡ
һ̨ǾͱˣЩŵ˻ϵ̫ʦİȡ
Ѿͬлһֵɡ
ڳûκвϿ϶ΪѣҲκѹƵľͬˡ
Ƕ̫ʦͲһˡ
Ŵﵽǣ̫ʦĶ˺ܶࡣ
Ǳ̫ʦˤġ
Ҫһˣȴû뵽ŸտʼᣬǱ߾Ȼͽ·ˡ
Ǳû˵Ĵ㣬ڱ߹Լˣżʱǲ͸ӵķ
ǸСӵˡ
ɵǸСӣ
ʱڵ֪ͣ˳Ͳˡ
žž
һˤ鶫
ܾǸСӻб񲻵ֶΡ
˽ĶţԲǰѶȥߣ
ǣ
ݶڳڣڽܹôֻҪͲǵġ
Ŷ
ʲôģ
лһֱûдôĳȥ
ֻилͺ

磬Լ
ϣлһ־ʹ껻·һ̰˺˳ǡ
һԺԺӵݡ
ѵģҲصĺϡ
֮лһ־Ͳɵࡣ
ѹ˲ȥˣ˵УֻҪи˼ҵ̽ӣŸһͻϱ˸ȥϢ ߲Ź֡
ʱԼǾǲõˡ
һˡ
ڶˡ
졣
ϣͻȻ콵ꡣ
˰ݶڸǺãÿܵȫʪˡ
Ϊ˲Ǳ˲˺Ƚ
Ǻ˽·ʱ򣬲ŷ֣ЩݺͿصȫˡ
ȥˣ
ʵʱ˾ǵһ䣺ȥȥĵطˣöʣ
ǲҪӵ𣿡
ǽȥԺȵʱûǲ밤˭Ҷȥ˼ûһٳȥ
˿̣ЩеҪ֪Щ˵ȥˣҲٶ˵һˡ
˶Ժ
ΪµͦģҲȥԺתȦ
ûݣûȥѲӵĻ 
ڶһ磬ϢȥлһѾ߳ȥԶˡ
ˣƥ԰һƽʱϲ˵ʱ
лһͷҲû̧ĵɻ˵
ǣˣСֻǺ棡
лһֹ˹ǡ
ǺǵСҲû˵ġ
˵ûʣлһȴǸڵķ˼ۡ
˵ǹ֪ɵá
ǵԺҲԶֻһͨˡ
ֻ֪һ仰¶ҲûܹĿˡ
վס飡
ڵһſڵʱֹسǾ˹顣
ÿһţҪģžǰ̨ǵͨҲС
Σĸϸ
ÿһϵĶõˡ
ҪǳϵĶһЩСộҲͷˡ
ôǰײˣǾûĶ𣬲ˣ˵
ҶӰأͨдҪʲôһһǵʣ
ҶӰصƢܺãһ·϶ûô
ڣȴҲѹֲסԼŭˡ
ϵĶˡ
Ȼ֪Ϊʲôôݳ˰ײˣǾǰײҲǲ˰ڱһسǾĳ꣬ҪһɿӣͶɢˡ
ײҪôԣ


160 
ͷ, ʲôû, ô죿سǵ۾ˡ
еĳŸļģȫǰײˡܲԼҲԵĶ
û, Ҳûκεļд, Ҳϸſˣ˿ûһʳ
ô죿
ҲŶҪ԰ӵģ
ӳ
ô죿
Ҫ֪Ļ, Ͳˡ
ּһ, ۿЩϾҪˣŻóӹȥ 
ųԶӳĨһ麹
ҶҾ鴫ȻûųĶһɹɵŭܸо, ٲеĻܻĶԼ
ԱߵСֹˣͷôˣ
û¡ƨ£ô, ģȥˣ
û, ҪеĻһܹģ
ȥ
СĹȥˡ
ӳ̾ϢһҪǿСԼ׵ܵܵķϣ϶ͽһ߳Ӫˣ̫ˣ
СţȻعͷ˿Լ׸硣
æȥ, 
֪֣˵꣬ͷҲصԶˡ
ӳ
ô죿
׵ܵܣ
ɣ
ͬģϳǣҶҲһߡ
ҶӰӲͬǣǵĳ˵Ǿƺ̲ˡ
ǵģðײ˰ӺܲҶӵȵһƳ̲ˡ
ݸһһ׵ġ
һҲѾǵǵġ
ŴҲðŸĸ
׿ˣⰡ
ÿһ׵İŸļ飬һȥ˾ܼꡣ
ֻǣ֮سˡ
鵽һҲûм鵽
Ӧð
ûбİ취
ƣ͸ģһ۾ܿ׵ġ
̲ˣôĳζҲžˣȷʵûбġ
ЩѵĲݵģ
ҶƢɲҶӰô˵
ڼڶʱ򣬿Ⱥܡ
˵û꣬һƾƿ飬ܿ
һȺɳԷĻɫȥ߹սˣүĸиƨã
㣬ɶɶУ鼸׻ô
ǱǸٴҵĸףҲʰ㣡
٣Ǵû
ŶʲôոյǾ䲻㣡
СǣҰҵĸ׸Ūˣһʮԣһ٣ֵ˵ˣе⳥ӣ飬飬Ҫö໵һȥֻҲܹ
ӣûԵֵǶ༸á

ǰֻ˵Ҷ׳嶯˭ܸһǰλ˵׼Ⱥλ
Ժʵ̫ˡ
Ըλ׳嶯Ķ٣һͿɡ
ȻǾͺðˣѶ죬á
λ嶯ˣ˼ûҲûϲͣ˵˵һһԵĸݸˮȥȿˮɤӡ
Сӣֱˡ
ǶϾͽ˿ˡ
ϧûͷ
ּ飬ʵڼ鲻ʲôˣŴ󿪡
ˣ
ҶٵҲûš
´һ߹ֵǵң
سԾܾ
ҶٹЦڻУѾ˿򻧲̫ʦȥˡ
ûв鵽ݳĳŲ鵽أ
뷨ԷҲеġ
֪뿪˾ǣȻһʳҲûв⻹㣬ڲֿѹôȫˡ
ڶ죬ݿǰ㱨ʱ򣬵̱С
°첻ãŸʲô
һĻˣﶼ˺ܴ𶯡
ߣҲӦİ취ȥˡ
ʲôǻڷԣ
̫ʦ췹ԲȫֻΪסܳʹϢͱ̱УĽҲԺĵɡ
ĵǲߡ
Щô룬Щʳˡ
̫ʦȥ׷ֻ׷ϵӣŵȻܲײˣһǾƺ̲ˡ
ʳ
أ
ҲҪأ
˲̫ʦҲǰȥ̲顣
˾ǵˣٲһԡ
ҲŶֵͷأٸҲǵɱҲû˸˵ԡ
ڹٵ
Ҷɳɳ졣
ǸʲôأѾ·ԵлһֺҶӰشʱʵ
ҶӰأûܶɱ˽ģ
ʱҶҲСŹϻſףһţˣһҲû̵ɱЩһˣһľͲҹһ£
лһֵ֣ܣһ¾Ͷԡ
ֵܽŵ˵һ飬֮ǰĲ١
ڳ˳ŽʮˣžЩҲٴˡ
ˣٸҹ⣬Ǿֻķˡ
ֻҶҶӰЩҶҾҲܣԼԼݣ
˭ܵˣ
ҹ
鷳϶һ³
лһҲ֪ǰȫ˾͵Ҫһȥһ˳˵ظϣǶλһ·ģüŸ·һ԰ȫΪ
ǵĶʲôʱȥȡҶżʵ
ȡݵģһʳҲûȡżȥҪôظ
лһ΢Цļ򣺡٣ǲңȵ̨ǣλҪҲᵽλȷҪҽݶ̸㣬ܰȫ˻ȥ
Ҷ˫ۿŹ⣺ҪҲҪϽߣϽȥţ
ոջŲߵģھͿʼˡ
ҶӰҲεİԼɵܵٶˡ
ҶӰأ·ϲ̫ˣؼҿҲɣ
ѺŶЩߣ·ϵҲǳеġ
лһȴǵˣټٻȥֻӵ¶Ҵһ˲У
֪֪Ͻİɣ˭˭Ҷֿʼˡ
ദôãҶƢûм١
лһֵЦҶ磬Ҷ磬ؼ
ؼҶӰذڰ֡
ҶҲŰ˰ڡ
лһߵ棬ڳӵĺ˩˼ƥ
лһһ߹ǣƥ˳
һֱĵĸڶꡣ
ү𣿡үˣϹӦ
ߣ
ϣ
һһת۾ԱߵĹٵɱȥ
ҶƥܲӰЩ۲磬ҪԼţȥСӣڳ
˵˵ɣ۵ڴǸʲôģ
ҶӰػܲ˽Լܵܣ
˲ܾ
УԼ£ԺеǺлһʱ䣡ҶӰȥ
Ҷϣ磬ʲôл˰ֵܶУһ֣СӶУл̫Զˣ
ӣЩлҪģֻнЩȫȫβ˵ˣҪǳ˲ӣ˵ֵˣү㿴ֵܸɫСȥһ˾ǣʷҲûнȷλ
Ҷ죬û˵ˡ
ǡ
лһǸ͵͵Ľǵģ߹ߣǲ뾩ǵġ
лһһһֱݣ·ʷֹһΣλӲҲûнһ£ѵԺҲ
Ҷһ뵽ҲദϵӣЩζ
ҶӰļ򣺡ԼӦ£ͲһĻ
Ҷֺйϵ


161 
֪ܲ״Լйϵ, ҲҶٵ·
֪, ҲҴɱҺֵ֮꣡͡Ҷ˵ִһĿױԼȥˡ
ҶӰأ֪ġ
ֵ΢ЪϢһ, һǰһļű߹̨ǳ
лһǱǿӱ޵ظȥ
Ӿظ, Ҫֱȥ߹ԶһЩ·˶ǺżЪ, ܿ͸ϵˡ
صʱ, Ѿʱ
лһͷЦ죬֮һٲʳգ
꣺үλҪǲôأ
лһɨһۡ
ɵЦ
¶ɣ֮ǰʹүˣֻүԼ롣
Ŀǰİ, Ѿһ·˻ûð취ֻһ顣
лһεҡҡͷԺû¾Ͷ࿴飬ڶˣ
꣺ӺͿйϵ
ү˵оаɣ
лһּȷʵ벻ʲôð취, ֻõϺõĵģȥ˵ļ߸, ˵ҲҲţ
һԴţеСҲҳˣȥˣ
˵, ʱ򣬾ͺС˵ʿŵĺлһֶ
¶һ䣺Ϊɶڸȥĸ
лһְһһۣڲǻûнȥ˭֪ܱŵĸ
꣺ӲʹȥͿ飬үˣ
˵ȥֹܲӲʹԼҲʹˡ
˾͵ÿ죡
ı¶̫࣡
лһּ뿪ҲɵЦЦ
˺˿ǵĲܹͬԼôãѾǲˡ
ȥԱߵĳ̣˼ѡ
м˵ģҲиģС⼸ҲǼѵŴҲһˡ
ŮʽʱлһֵԺͻȻ˹µС
˦˦ͷлһεֶֻѡ˼֡
СԶǿʽģлһָ£Ҳ˳ָֻдС֣²ֵˣҲСš
⣬мӵ޻֮ǰ̻˵̨ûЩ޻·ڶЩȥ
룬лһ޻ֵġ
˵ҲɣУǰʱģֻûȥлһִϲ˵϶ˡ
ֿһЩС⣬ҲһЩ
ڱ߹СûУʦּҵЩСҲûиʲôλȥһϰɡ
һͣЩˡ
лһֿҲ
ЩȥԷ
ͺƹ󲼴æ͵ȥ
µ겻ԶټлһҲʵڣ۵ģƹԼ˼󲼴ӦԸ͹ȥ
лһл
˷ݣлһ־Ҫһż䡣
żֽУ
׺ϲˡ
лһлĳµƹ񣬾ͺˮĵСС磬һʿż䣬鷳˵һǸ䣡
ɣ๫ڵˣһٵ㰡СкܶóԵģСеʵ
лһЦСܰæѻڵ㼴ɣ
϶ȵ£ȥò˵˳ٰ˵Ļƹ˵һٺ٣˳㣬˳ò˵Сһˣ˵ЩҲˡ
лһְڰ֣ްУлС磡
СЦȥֻܿﻹһľ塣
νĲ˵лһֲɵЦոջܹһ˾Ĳ˵ء
˼ӲˣҪһСƼľƣڷʳȵ˶ʮӣ·ķ
Сһô࣬˼ˡ
лһһ䣺Сôˣ˭ʲôԺҲ㰡
ȻСˣ͵ƹ˵ˣ˭˵Ķ࣬½ģ»ûʼأûлİæأ
ԭСȥæţһҵѵˣͿϲˣ
ѽðɣС߸˵ˡ
лһֿ˿ڽŵĶſںʹڸ˿ûˣ¹غã߻صԭأеȽɢѵȷŵԼҩֲռ
󲼴ģҪСһע⵽ߣͻȻ˴Ҳ̫˵
ĻǷϣҲܹǴߡ
Ĳϵĺܿ죬ϵһʱ򣬸żűƿ
ˡ
ǰŵ꣬ǳ
һͨ͹ˡ
ء
лһЦŵҶֵܣЩʲô껹Ͻϸô
־ͽӵˡ
Ҽү˵ˣ⣬Щˣ
²ң
Ӷˣλ
֮ǰʶ꣬ڵ֪Ȼ˴ŵʱڳԷʱҲ˵ģ룬Ƿ˽
һˣϾͼˡ
Ȼһţֻϱװžˡ
û취Ҫģлһִ˴οĵģôôŹٷ˴¡
лһֵ°ɣǱ߳Ա˵
ǣллˣڼš
ܹôλţǺ»ǻ£ﵽĿˡ
ôŬǰŲģΪܹŵĽһЩ
Ȼ֪λͻȻʲô˼
Ĳ˺;ƷҲˡ
лһָ˵Сͭ壺Һλϸ簲ĳЩҪ˴ŵǣ
ϣģţĵСˡ
лһһ֣Сͳȥˡ
һ֣ٴлϸĸʱ֮Ɑѧлˣ룡лһֺĶһƵ
Ҳңˣ룡Ÿۿλһġᰡ
ǸɶӣҲûǹ
˼ѾʹԼأһС
ѹͲһĴ
ɽ
ĸӵһ
лһ֣˴мҪ֣
ˣֱԣֻҪܹõģϹѣ
лһְ֣˴˵ģ̫ͳҵֺˣҳϸ磬ɺã
ʹãʹðŹ
˺üװҽ˼֣Ժ󲻸ˣô죿
лһ֣ǾͲҪƺˣλҲܹȥֻܺϸֺ˾Ҫȥ
ôһ˵˸ˡ
¶С
죡
죡
Ҳð죡
лһ˵꣬˼ֱסˡ
¶лǸǳһ·
ϸ¶ܸɣ
ܣ
̫ˣ
ϴλʱЩ̻˺ô˵׬ˡ
ҲѵõʹͺˣΪһҪͽ˼ҵûҪ
˭ľ˭ģֻ˶տһЩлˡ
£ⲻ˺
˵ǴӺŸӣԳصǣͷ
ߵģ


162 
⻹ʹ, ûǹԵ, ˭Ҫ
£ظûʸ, ֻ֪һ, һչ·ѵģ
˼ʹл˸̺·ˣԼٲͬ, Ǿɵðȱˡ
, лһ־ͽע˵һ飬ͬʱἰԺΪ
ȻˣΪλ룬лһҲԭ 
ڳصĻ̫, Ժ㻹Ҫģ͸ˣԼµĴܵʵݣϸΪأ
˵, Ͱ˼죬, ͰԵ죡
ܷĸ򣬶Լ
οл˵еԺԼȥˣⳤؾǱ˵ˣʱܹΪ
˵
, ͵÷ʹ˵ļС
Ȼ˼ˡ
ԼҪˣ
ʹ˵ģǾǿ϶ˣ
ԣУ
лһֽϣһٳԺȡ
Χ൱Ǣ
ߵʱлһȥˣԼǺһߵظŴ
ҾǴ߳ģϸ磬ʧУԼľԼģҪģǧҪ֣ҵһʰ˵ģ
л˷ģ¶
ͺãϸȥæˣǲӦã´һʱӦѾˣ
ȣ˵ĺелˣһ·˳磬£ңʱŴûйҰġ
ΪĿ˰
лһֵͷۼ꽫ˣٴ߱ȭȻ뿪
ֱӰˣŽظ
һ¾ǲȥ˺򣬽ӡл־ƽԼһɹµ˶˹
ôܲµأ
רŵ̶ӣҪжУлܹ̫ˡ
̶ӶˣȻľͳ˰
ɲã͸Ͻؼұȥɣˣ
ߵ̶ӵ飬лһ־ǽȥˡ
Ͼһ£Լǿ϶ģɳǣͷǾͲһˡ
һж˳⡣
ڵ֪⾹ȻԼѧлһǣͷʱۡ
֪ѧһֱԼġ
л־ƽҲĵĽֶӣ
̶ӺܿͳźߵҩģټΧʳһЩ㹻һ̶Ӵصˡ
֮ǰҪɸַòͬ·һܼҲеġ
Ϊܹ󻯣غܿͺΧļϵ
ˣк´һ
һԺԼҪЩ˵ߣЩ͸ˡ
ò˵λͦгԶ۹ġ
ôһ̶ӹģһӾʹ˺ܶࡣ
ģˣ͵ĶҲͶǵҲ͸ˡ
*
лһֽ鰲ˣͺͷ·
СЩ죬߹ظϣһߡ
·ϣ˾ͳ԰ӣӳ˾˴ĸ˾ҸվϢֹˣҲۡ
ôϣڸϵ̨ʱ򣬻ǿѾ˴ҶҾ
лһֹȼ˰ɣ
ûϢĿɺˣǰǼðײ˸ԵĲˣҶ˵ʱЩ˼
ɣǿЩײˣͦϧģȻ˳ԡ
һղסˡ
Ӿһ·ϵưײˣܲѾˡ
лһһˡ
Ǿ͵ֵǵȵĲ˹ǽǣ
а͵仰ֵǣ·

Ӧš
Ȼ󽫳׺ã·
̨ǡ
·һкܳܳĳӡ
ж೤أ
û壡
һʱ򣬳˲ͣ˵Ҫеڶν׻ᣬǶȥ׼һЩҪ׵Ķ
ӣﻹʱȥжȥŻȥҶȥء
ÿһҵĶ̫٣ڽ׻֮ǰлһֻרŵն⵽ʱ˸ˡ
һҲǴ֮ǰСֵͦġ
ǣҶҪģлһ־;ԼŬû׷ѡ
ȥ껹ҲԲģھȻжóˣⱾǽǺڵĽ
˽׻ᣬôЩ߹أǶ鷳
Ҷֵ뿪ˣΪлһǵĶ
ȻĺʣΪʲôأ
ҶûʳͱҶӰظˡ
Ҳߣαظ˴˶Ҳʹ죿
ҶӰֵľᣬлһȥ֪ͨ˹š
ôĶɲܱһЩ۵˸סˡ
ײԴ˹š
лһַĵĻؼˣ˵˵ڶǡ
ײæ˵ȻȥЪϢ
ˣ
ˣ
ǰĴ˻ЩӤʵģһ·°ϵӤһûˣʦүЩĲ̡
лǾ۵Ĵޡ
ϺݸǸϽһӵĲҪСӺúõĲ
˶
۲ŰԼ۳
ⶼûˣ⻹˵ã
Ϊü˷ģлһҲʵİ˲١
˵ôõûгԵһٺõˣһ껹Щš
Գˣ͵ȥʳ
үү͵һȥ˽׻ĵطǵĶ
лүӿôĶĵķ͡
ﶼΪңΪ߹ذ
лһֵûоöѣǺүүһ¡
лүӵͬˡ
һԵһֱԵл־ˡ
ôʯͷʲô
лүӵ۾һɣô࣬ҪģȥȥҪ˼Ұ׸ɣǼҲ¶
֪Ҳ˰ֻʯͷҲ̫ˣǡϾȥϱۣл־ۿүҪۣԶˡ
ʣͲ¡
ҪͷԼҶӣϵԼ˵СӦû˵ġ
ֻǣл־֪ǣһͷлүӾͽˣҲҪ˵ô˰ɣ֪ص¶
лһæԼ׵һ䣺֪үүҵͻС
أС٣лүƵһ䡣
лһ֣ûȣֻܶԲˣǲܸߡ
õҲûȱʲôҪͦεġ
ʹҪʯͷһ˲١
߹ȱʲôǾԾʯͷ
ûУǾȥһЩ£
ֹл־ЩкܶҲ߲ͣʯͷۿʹҪʯͷ̲ˡ
лһæ׻Ǳ졣
һٿʯͷͲҪˣ
⻰һ˵ЩԭܲʯͷĳһӾ˾ˡ
ܵĺģ֪ĻΪʯͷǼٵأ
Ȼ󣬵ʹݵҶٿҪˡ
ǰɣӵؽѶͳɣֱܹߵģֱ߲ˣΪʯͷסˡ
һһƵģݺҲˡ
ҲûҶٵĸ˵ٶ١
ˣѹʹͻȻҪʯͷأ
Ϊݵĵ·ˣԼµֵܣǳԶ


163 
лһֶҶҲûҪ͵Ĵ㡣
Ҳһ㡣
ͻȻʧ, Ǳսҩֲռ, ôĶܲһӾͳ˰ɡ
ʯͷҲȷʵ, ΢Щ˶ѡ
ôһ, ǽˡ
˵ǷʯͷģŲŰɣ
Ҳû취ʯͷѾ, Ҫһ½׻ˡ
Ųţ
׻ĸ, ǽ̨ǵԵ˽
ʯͷҲˣһĴ󷽿飬лһҲ൱ʱĹɣ
ܹɽ
ǣ
лһִصİײܲҲŪ˼֣, лүӺͰһ԰æţһӾȥһ롣
ſճĵطлһһֺܿɵĸо 
ڵһֿˣЩЩʵĸ̨˳, ͼۣ, Ⱦڵĺúõġ
ůˣøɻ
ûкõ壬ôɻأ
֮ǰʳģȻֻȥ, һֱҲ¶
ԣлһˣҪñ߹صԼʳԸͳ
ʳ߹ص˲ŻԽԽǮȻ˾ܹĸá
ЩѲлһ֡
һ³Բɸӣ
ԼӤʣƱҪһֱţճˡ
ٻˡ
ʮ꣬ûӤʵӣͦβѡ
лһֵÿգٵ˼ҵʱ򣬾ͽ֮ǰ򵽵Ҳһ˹
ʦֹ˵ҵĺӾͲ˵ˣ˵Ŀֱ֡
̨ǻûôĶأ
¸ڿлһָװʱߵСһ״·ˡ
ֻһҿֵлһ֡
ôǣϲǲʣʵĻҲû취ˣһһȥĺüţȥ·˼ҾٺҲˡ
Ϊ߹лһֵļ򣺡ɣûʲô
ǰʣԼĸľˣлֵܣô͸·ˣôûǵأΪҵ
лһһ㶡
ҲҪ·Ҹʱû뵽ҲȱǶôˣȱ·ˣ
Ҳȱõı˵·š
ֻĻû˵꣬ͱΪܻȥˡ
ȣΪңûȥʯͷ飬Ͻȥʰʰң
Ŷ԰磬ʲôˣҡ
ߣ磬Ҳһȥʡһɲû
ţ
ΪұֵŤĸˡ
Ȼ󣬳˹Ϊ͹˵֮࣬˶ΪҸˡ
ΪңʲôҲûΪʲôҪô
лһ⡣
Ϊ͹˵Ҳûٴ˵˵ó׻ᡣ
ۿŵڶεó׻ҪʼˣôҲǰ׼С
ϴι˼׬˲٣ֻ׼̫٣׼ͦ࣬ȥĶҪȥ׻ᡣ
ֻǣøлһֿʱлһȴҡͷ
̫ˣ
ٰǵö౸٣Ľ£˵ԼλСʦܻǱȽʵڵġ
ôһ˵лһֱȽΪˡ
лһŵʣٶ屶ҲӶ࣡
˵ࣺСʦܵθô
ֹǹ˵࣬һԴֹ۱ȽضƵĹΪҲЩˡ
Ϊ񣺡̫ĻһѳȥԺѹɾͲ̫ˣ
Ǳ߹أ˷ַҲ߲ȥǰɣлһֵ˵
Ϊ񡢹˵ࣺ֪ʣ
лһֵҲܸǣҾĻǲģˣˣˣżֵó׻Ͽ˸С꣬ȥԺȵĶǾۣپûˣ˭ȥңҵʱ򲻿
Ϊָָ˵ࡣ
˵ƣûȥģ磬ңҲ֪ģ
Ϊʹָָ
ָĹ˵ˡ
ôǣ
Ϊεĵʦܿ˸㲻֪
˵ࣺ֪֮ǰʦ˵ˣֻû뵽ô죡
Ϊ񣺡㵽ʲôʱܳΪʲô˵Ҳһ
ôУȥ˼ҵ಻ã˵ˣǵطѾ˺üݰ㲻һϲݵ𣿡
˵ĻѹΪʵһơ
ϲȥݳԷϲݺ
ǹΪ˽Լҵ⼸ֵܡ
ʵڲټˣѹ˼Ҽֵܶн
֪ʹлһԼ˸ݣոΪΪҵһ仰ϳȥֵܣͳһˡ
˵㵽֪֪Сʦܵж
ûǾȻôң
˼ֵܣľ￴ǿ佱ţ
ֻʱǺһｲʱҪֵñܡ
Ҫ˵Ƚ˽ĻǹΪ
˼˵Ǳߵķܹһʣ
Ϊ֣
Ϊʲôӵ飬ǹ˼Ҵմֵĺòã
ʳʲôΪֵ̺üʣ
˼ֵܣҲѧƤˣ϶Ϊ̫ˡ
޹ĵ˼۵ĹΪ٣ί
˼˵ڶȥʹһݣȻˣǴķݣлһŪǸǼԷסΪһġ
˴֪ˣǺһʰ˵ࡣ
˵ֻ÷ԺֻҪʦܺ˵һ仰ûҪ׼ͼ˵ģѧһ顣
µˣ
뵽СʦܺԼĻȻôںİ
ѧϰݵˣʦֵĸź氤ܣ
ڣҲֻܵķݣݿֶ֮һ
ƹģ
.ʳ¯ƹ.ࣺݵ¶ʲôҲᰡ
Ϊң㲻öǼ죡
Ϊʲôǲأ⼸ֵܶ˸ʵĺòã
ҪǿôķֳķϣŲͬ⵱ʲôƹأ
Ϊֻ˵лһֵʦ֣
˵ࣺͻȻ䳹׵ˣ
ǿͷ
Լʦܵһ仰ЩһﶼܹЩ¶ԼΪʲôأ
Ϊʲôأ
ôҲ벻ۣ
¸ˡ
˼Ҽֵһֱڽ¶
ǵģǽ
û취
лÿμĵһ¾ʦôˣ
ܻܲش𣺾ɣ
Ϊ˼ҵʦôûгأ
˵ࣺһôܸɵʦܺ࣬ǻ˵
ֻҪһᣬļֵܶ
˼ʦֺѣ
лһֲ֪ʦж࣬ԼҲæء
ۿó׻Ҫʼˡ
µó׻רû趨ã⾳˰ջû꣬ԱûûеλԼľ¥Ҳмûɡ
ºöģ
۵Ķ֪ôŲүǰˡ
үǾ¥Ѿ˰ɣΪʲôҪɸ䰡˷ʱ䣡
ҪЩæˡ
лһָ굹һˮ
һ¶Ҳûԣһھͺˡ
æȿˮҲݳˡ
лһֵڸˣԺ㣬ô¥أ˼ΪʲôҪǼҵĳԷסް
꣺


164 
Ȼ֪Ϊʲôô, ȻŻشΪүģ
лһһָҡҡҲ
ǲ̫ʦ, ⣬Ҳѡ, ȻҪ, ǾãûиõģĻѡ
Ȼ, Լĵط뵱ȻЦ
лһ֣ûͨˣ
뷨, лһֻǽ˵ˡ
ͰҸ㻭ͼм죬㹻ʰˣˣҵĳʦҵ𣿡
Ҫ˵, 
ߣȥ
ʦ񣬶һеġ
лһֿ˿, ȥˣԼ
, ˣлһһֱǿ˿Щë
лһ֣˭ģƭң뿪
ô𣿡
лһ֣Ĳ˳˾ǺͽЩĵطܹԵͨĵط˭ںỊ̇
ү, ү˵أҲͲµˣүţ
ɻĽӹţлһȦЩ졣
ŵʷǫ
ᵽǸҵĳӣͬʱ򲻴ˣ֡
ûãʦ͸ˡ
лһ־ԼѧЩˡ
ϴȥǣûпʦЩΡ
ʦɺãлһֽźʡ
үأ룬ʵڲýȥҶүӣż
֪ˣȻǾ£ͷٺ˵˵˵ע
ǣү
ڱˣүĻá
лһ˵עʵҲǺܳġ
ɫ㡢ζǲɻȱģֻлһǽ̴װŪһЩ΢ʵһЩ㹻ˡ
ӾˣټڵҵصģĿζܹռ㹻ˡ
˵Ϲҵ顣
˼ҵ濪ҵǱȽ¡صġ
лһЦЦ˵͵ΪѾĵĿҵˡ
ΪʲôͣȻôҶ֪лҵĲҵȥ˶࣬ã˵಻⡣
лһҡͷҺǲһڹˣôܿݣ⻹ǹҽµģ
˵ĴָĹ
ڽ£ҪֲĵģҪô죿
Ȼˣл֦䲻¶Сûг졣
ԵҲģ׼ֻ𾴣Խķݶ
ΪˣлһֲŻὫݹڽ¡
˵վҪȥлһֵʦ֣극Ҳ٣
ҲУ˵ʦĺ׽ġ
ֻƽʱʱ¶̫࣬ûжʱһġ
Թ
лһ־˹˵ԺĴ㡣
ܲһֱھйְȻڼŰɣ
˵£˵һơ
治ڼŵģǹΪ
ֻһжȻѾСȻǲսϣһֱڼ¡
ӸҲⷽԭ лһ˵¶Ϊ˲ù˵롣
˵ࣺҶôˣҵСҺûս£Ҫˣɱʹ˵˵ֵͷۣ
˴ͷۣģ
Ȼģʱ̫æˣͷһۣҹ˯ˣ˵೤̾Ϣһ
ΪΪ룬һϲͨ
ֻǿڴΪ˼æµӣҲһֱﵹæȻͳˡ
лһʧЦ
λʦֻͦĵġ
һ룬ûĵˣʦҲΪͽˡ
лһͻȻһ뷨͵ʦǸӺúԺʦʦ˵˵ʦ϶ܸˣ˵أ
ͷʲôɸ˵ģ˵ȱȱ
ʦֽ̳ģģ䣬ô˵ûɣǿɲֹ䣬Һϸñ˳ʦΪǲͦ£
˵һüͷ
룬롣
ǹһȥˣ˵Цˡ
лһЦŽͳ
֮겻ʵүΪʲôùүȥ߹صأ
лһ֣ôõģ
˵ҶҾڱ߹ؼʮ꣬ʦȥĥ˵ĺ֮ʱܵҲһ
Ҳǽ
ֻǣʦĺ
Ĳ˵ʦֵԸ񣬵Ͻ֮еĥ
˵ҶҾǰ档
ʦȥĥԼҸ
˼ܷģʦҲԼرá
뵱ʿǺʿ
ͬģ˶ȥˣС˭ɣ
⣬ý⣡
˵˼ݣ˵ľǹ˼ˡ
Ϊ֪лһȰ˵ģл
ֻǵʱлһֲڼΪûжˡ
ۿŵڶó׻ἴ̨ҲӭһµĿ顣
ȱˮ
ſʼû¹ꡣ
ۿžҪˣٲ꣬ظЩˡ
²꣬ǵֵĶô죿
ֵĲݣȥлһƹֵʳһ겻£ۿŵѾƳһ
ƬˣһĶֱϻ
лһҲϻ
£ѩʱĳˮôȥ£ˮˣӾѹˡ
ײлһˮݣ̾٣ȻԼ
лһһ١
£ԶڵʹǶǱû취ˣ̵ġ
Ȼ֪̲ʲôϾлһֱǿɶᣬֹһ֡
ʹ̫ľϲһиõĽ취أ
õĽ취
лһû
죬ȻûҪµ˼ƵģؼҳԷʱҲô
ٲ£µġ
СӣϿ𣿡ϼһͽӷˣɵʵ
лүһĿӣôóԵķôܲϿڣ£˵һ뷨ӣ
лһ־ͽȱˮ˵ˡ
Ǹºһû꣬ǳˣҵˮأ
лһԴһ̧үү˵ˮ
ǰˮ
ˣүү֪ôˮˣ
ˮһǵꡣ
˵ˣ꣬Ҳ˹
ô࣬ԼôͲܻ˼·أ
Դ˼·
лһֽ¾ͰķˣվߣøϽȥԡ
һأ
ʲôҲûе˹ǺѶȵġ
ѶȲܣүүҲũҲôġ
ֹлһ֣лүӲҲųˣͬʱĻл־ţ
ʹ˴Ӿտ˶ųˡ
ǶҪʹôˮģ
ʱ˹
ѬţǱлһҲûš
úײԴȥѰˮԴڴӣڵʮ׵ʱһˮǺײӶЩۿʪ
ˮˣõĲˣ
ĵˮڳлһִһүӵ˿֮󣬶̫С
ҪԲ
ͨö˵Ҫˡ
ˣȥҶӰغ͹˼̴£
ǣʹȾˡ


165 
ҶӰغ͹Ϊʱ, Ҷ͹Ϊ, Ȼ˵Ǵ£϶Ҫֵġ
лһȻƽ
˵Ҫ, ϣλæƼˣ
Ϊ񣺡Ҫʲôˣ
лһ֣޽ˮ̵, ޽һܹˮԴظˮ
˾һ 
ΪʹҲǽ̨ΧϾͲˣȻҪظ
̫ˣ
ΪҲɲС¶һصĿɲһ, ûв, ЩҪô죿
ĲǿһڵĴ¡
ӣһܹ٣ܲһض˵
лһ뷨ͦãǹΪȴѡ
رѣ
лһ֣˴, ʹԼĻĵأЩ߹ؽ벻˵ʲô˸˵Ǿͽȫ룬лһԸȥ췣
ҶӰҲɵ
ЩĵĵضѾֳ˶, ǵ֮ǰǽ跢ģǶҪˡ
ڹ, ˭֪أ
ܱûеǿɣǰûȥԼȥģôȥ꣬˵ˣҲɢ˰ɣ
ҶӰؿǰ緢, ЩĽ
ٵԼҲô첻µزµİɣ
ֻǣǸʱԼûлһӡ
˼ܹ뵽ķӶ࣬Լأ
ڰǳʲôĴû
డ
ҶӰ
ΪҲѡ
ΪһΪģʵѵá
ҲϣлһΪ°Լȥ
лֵܣȻһ磬ҽ򾩳һӣȻһˣô
лһֿ֣صĵͷã˴ģȥӣ
ΪûڹٳΪ˼ҼһҴôã͡
ڴϣлһһǻѪصĶࡣ
лһֵӺܿдˣҪ͵ʱˡ
ԵǰԼܲ͵ﻹ˵˵Ҫ޽ˡ
ˣˣټϲ£ĵȵˣҲ֪ˡ
ôõʱ Ȳ
̨ҲȲ
룬лһһ
ⱾдĲ޽̣ǿ
ǵģ
ؼ
Ҫʲôûʲôɺ꣬ûûûӺѽ
һд꣬лһ̹ˡ
Ȿ۵ݸ꣬ݸ䣬ȥǡ
⣬Ȿ
Ҫܹݵ
ôؿأ
лһֿ˿Ȿ̧дһⳤţҪΪȴ鷳д˽ȥἰϣܹ޽ˮ̡
ĩлһֵĽβǰ˸յģ
ˮ̣
źۣлһ͵
걾˾ǳΪֱɾǷԼͨ;
֮͵Ѿ͵
лһһ֣ˣ
ڳɲɣɣ
Ĳ񻰣
ϣϵܹһã
ˣܻһЩ
ûлһȻҲһֱɵš
ۿ컹ûҪӣʹŹΪƼһλӹˣ̨Χˮ
Ǽˮ۵λãıȽԶˮĻʡ²¶
лһʵˮټΪ˵ׯڣöԱԼͻĹˡ
˶ˮڵĵطһˮũ۾ʪˡ
һĻˮٶȸˡ
ǰһ콫ˮճɾȷһЩ
ˮȪˮǹ̶ģһܻҲôࡣ
лһ˫ָ̫ѨˮԱš
ˮС
ôһģһػûأˮͲˣôУ
Լ֣лһһҧ
ʦү
үأ
ʦүſȾ˹ 
ˮʲôģʦүҲǸų˴ġ
лһֵʹеɳȥȥˮԴˮĵطȥԽԽԽãҵ֮취ȥˮ
ð취ϰţײȥˡ
лһԼһţʱĻˮԡ
ӺˮǳʵϣлһֽҩֲռˮųһЩˮһ˵
ͬɫζˮһҲû˿ҩĿռˮˮ࣬ճҲһɰɣ
лһʱʱĻһЩˮȥټϳȥˮҵˮԴ̨Χĵڶһ顣
ԶҲѾ֪취ˣѧڻûг׸ɺ֮ǰһˮ
лһֲ֪ǣ̨˿ڿʵʱһصˮȡ
͹ˡ
찡ˮȻ˸оˣ
ҳ
ģ
үҵˮģ
ү
лһϢʱǸдˡ
һˮ۾Ȼһգ˻ġ
ۼ֤ˮҪ֮л
һָеϣˮ߹صĽǽ䡣
ֻǣһֱûлţۿó׻Ѿ˲٣Ȼûлظлһ־סˡ
Ӹտʼһ⣬һһ⡣
ͶȥʲôʱأӰɣ
ûдˡ
Ϊڶó׻Ὺʼˣ
Ѯ
ů͵¶ȣʵμó׻˶ǳġ
õֲ㰡
Ȼ̨ǵʹ˺ϣ꣬æˣҲͽʱһˡ
ɽ˺εó׻һҲš
˵֪ȻרʱһĶȥ
ͨڿԼȫͬʱͦģԭ˳Ӱ
Ա˲٣Լʮ̻רŸ˵ȽƬ̫󣬿㹻Щõˡ
Щɶս˰ģлһֵĻǣԼڲ˴Ҫü£ܲô˵ľ͹ˡ
սһЩ˼˼ֻ˼Щ΢һЩ
Ҳû˵ǰ껹ڴĵˣܹǽͲˡ
һʱĺȥ֮󣬾ǽˡ
Ƚϵһ󲿷ֶﻻﲻͬһΣס
Ҳ鷳οڱ߹صҲ
ȻˣǱģȻ˫Ͽɵ¡
Ϊ֮󣬸ֵڸطĲʱ
ôô찡һĲˣһ۳顣
ţү˵ˣҹյģ
ûղݵ˾ˣȻţһӡ
ʱʹ˵ֵĲȥգ˵㻰
ʵ̫࣬лһ־ڽΧ˴ʱ¾
ݲ󣬿ѹסడ
õǮڣȦ˺üء
ܻӣʹһ˵㻰
ЩлһԭزľȥˣȻǱ߹ؽʿ
ȽлһǶյľǶȥġ
˵һҲû׬Ҳġ
ڵճɣ˱߹ؽʿս⣬˫Ӯ


166 
лһΪһʹ, ֻһϸİ˹ѡ
Һ͹˼ٴѪ׬
ǰǻ, ôõȻץʱˡ
Ҫ֪лһ־˵ʱҲֻǲ뿴˱, û뵽Ȼ˻ر, ԼһԼϽôõĺ񱨡
˹Ȼкñ
ȻлһִΪԼǺˣ
ֱ̨ͨͺרҲͳˣлһרŻȥһ, ¾ͳ׵Ķˡ
;չ·, ֻһͱ̶̨Ҫʡ˲١
Ͱųˣó׻ỹûʼкöĶӳط͹
ںӼ丮̶ҲͽҲûȥļƽϡ
Ӽ丮, ûë
Ӽ丮̶ӹᣬǽΧһ̻ӽһμӣ̻, һȳΪӼ丮
ȻˣǸʱĺӼ丮֪Ѿȥ, ԭص
ʱó׻ϵҲͦ˵ġ
һϾͱһա
ȥ·ϵļңԶֵͦģ
Ϊ˲ճȥҲѡһЩȥ
׬, Ϊʲôأ
л־βûײܲȥ̰æ
ʵ̫ˣ
õĲܻӭ׬ˡ
лһֱ˲֮⣬л˶æˣǼʶȫҲæĲᡣ
ộСⷹݻ𱬵ˡ
絽ûж˵ʱ
л֦˵ģˣЩ
ΪһҸС϶Ͽˡ
ۿ֪ûԶٿġ
ôæµôܳԶٿأ
ǰʲôȫûʡ
յһİĵطܺòŹ֡
ϲǣ
һæµ죬ȫŸ̶һߡ
ߵʱִ˲ٵĶл׼ġ
иС޵ģҲи˵ģ仹д복Ӵġ
ȻЩǸͬѧǸѧͯġ
֪ѧȻڿлһֻһд飬ЩҪԼƽʱĳдġ
֮ǰֺٱҲ׷ţȥܹúǶһЩ鿴óϻпգлһ־ôȥˡ
л־Ŵǵ̶ӽԶȥ۾
ܵͺӶǻҪϼȥǲ˵¸鷳
лһֶĬĬ˵Բ
ʲôʱܹȥԼҲ֪
ΨжԲܹԼ΢һ
㡭
׻֮лһָæˡ
ˮԼôھôڵģི
лһֲֹһεĵ㣬ͣȷˮλе˶ܹлȥˮ
̨ǵˮˣɣ
ľҪˡ
лһֵȲˣɲˡ
ȻˣȽҪ׼ãȵʱֱӿӦҲû⡣
ûͣ˽߹ظض˲ʮ顣
ȷױȽϷˮ̷ѡһףҪȾǵĹ˹ˡ
ⲢӰԼá
ԼڵˮԴҲеѾɺԣĵطлһֲûãټڡ
ˮԴΧľƣˮ룡
ȵһϲθˮʲôģ˾Ͳ̫ˡ
ľƣǲʶֵҲһ¡
̨ǵˮԴԽԽ
˵ȫͬǣطڴʱȴӿ֡
ļɺꡣ
δ£
̨Ϳʼڵˮˮдҩֲռųˮͣճɲûм١
ĵطͲͬˡ
󺵣ꡣ
ճɸ̸ˣеĵطǿδС
񣬾ʱֵģԽԽࡣ
ˣˣõѾˣô죿ײһƥлһֵǰĵ
ڿˮԴȺһ·һݳ˳
ʦүһЩʲôлһ֡
ײһĺҲ
Ҳ뼱û취 
˲ð졣
ǰ̨ôҵԭ ܴһԭ̫࣬ˣʲô¶ܸɵó
лһֲǰôۡ
Ϊһֱڸܣлһ˶ݺݵģȻˣôҲеģǾˡ
֮ǰһֱĽϵӢˣԼҲһˡ
ԼĺںݣлһֺܽܵĺȻ
ǲ߼ˣԼǹⲻñɹġ
̨ǵ˶ֺ׳ķ񣬺ͷȫľʹˡ
лһᣬʺõ˼ʡ
ͬĴñӣ˻һ㣬ʲôҲû䡣
ʱˣý͡
ԣлһٴñӣӲɹ
˵ɹˡ
ⲻʱҲ˺ݵķ
ȻЩ˻ǰһ㣬ûˡ
ͺײ˳ţڳвٵ
ˣ
ˣ
ţæǵģлһֵ
ȥˡ
̨ǵʵǺҵģܹڳ￴ΪʹлˣǱ˰
ǰǻͶǸʱطͶҲûС
ǲľ
ϡ
лһ⿴ȥڳ⣬վУɣһѶѵŤ˵ʲôӶС
ȻԶҲܹóЩûвŲ˶ˡ
ˣĿһٶ࣡Слһ˵
ײˣʳҲˣ
׻ϵãʣ࣬ʳ֮ڿⷿ
ǰһһлһֽǰڳŴİõˡ
һٷŽЩѰˡ
̫࣬ԵĲ
˷ŽˣʩԵģǾûбҪŽˣֻҡ
лһֿһŵЩ˵ȥŵĵطкܶ࣬һ˴ǾͰ֮ǰķ
ײˣЩ˶ǴģҪȥģʱ򡭡
Ӱ죬ķӻģܲڳ⣬꣬ȥų࣬һЩ˵͵ͣлһð°͵
ǣ
ʦүֱȥˡ
лһվڳǽϣǣ̨ʹлһ֣֮عأߣ̱УصĵŴŶӣصģԼ뿪
Ŷǰģϣϸ壬׳󣬲ߣ̱У
һлһֵĻϵظһ֮һƬ
м񣬸һ԰æŶӡ
Ͱлһ˵Ŷ˳мŵǰģ˳ȥһʰ׵ˡ
һѾź˳ԵģҲٵˡ
ܹôԶϣҿڳԺȡ
ǰҲ˵̨ģ߻ʵԶʲôʲô
û뵽ﾹȻпڳԵġ
һǲֹ֪гԵģסġ
סĵطҲҪġ
뽨ڹ涨λãЩԶѡһ԰ٻЩ
Ǽ֮ǰæˣ˳ľͳ˰ٻ
лˣлһǷǳ󷽵ġ


167 
лһֽǼеǰ򳤶ǰ, Ĳλ۳, Ǻúøɣ
, ģ
Ȼֻ԰ٻٻҲõˡ
ɱöˣ
񱻰ŵƬķϵĲĵطʱҲ»
˵ĵط
ΪлɣлһȻȥѻĵأܳԱ
ֻһÿ쿪Ļĵؾв١
ܵʱ, ԱжǱ˭
, ̨ǵĹ˼ҵȼ壬ҲͣһЩ, Ȼֻǹܱ, ȴҲȻдȥ¡
ȻˣʹҲûš
ÿ춼й̶İʮȥˮ, ǹ̶һˡ
ЩڵĿֺãлһ־ǸôһҲͲÿ춼ˡ
ճ, ܹЩ顣
˵ճɡ
ѾæµջӰǳ̨ǵһ羰
ã
ˣܲ𣿡һոձİٷʵ
ҲлһߣڴŴ𰸡
лһ֣þʹ, ֻҪ¶ʲôʱ߶У
ߣ𣿡˵һλʮ򳤡
лһֿһۡ
λʮ򳤵ɫˢľͰˡ
Լ̫̰ˡ
֪лһȴͻȻЦ
԰ҽԼӭԶפ̨ǣ
棬̫ˣ
ллˣ
Ӣ
лһ΢Ц
Ӣ
һֱӢ
̨ȱľˣȻ꾰Щţһӿôˣǲġ
գȻˣôƣ
ԭлһ־ʹҪһЩ˹ԼˣӢ
ĩ
գ
˵Ҳ֣ͬĸɺ̨ʲôʲô
ֵĲݣȥ곤ĻҪ߰ס
ֵʳȥճɻҪࡣ
ֵ޻ĻҪס
˸ˣ
Ȼڿ֮ͳһ֪ԭ ʹл˸Ǵģ
Ϊˮճɡ
Ϊлˣˮ
ǣһжл˸ģ
ͣ
Щ³˵ν׻֮лһֵõը
̨ԭɶɶͶҲԼСңһλӢرʹΪ롣
ȥﰡ
£
£
Ҳߣ
ʮ壬ѽڡ
ǹһԶĽա
һ죬лһ֧ϴ⣬ˣͷټԼƵ̲ˣ̨Ǳ˼һһֵڡ
һ죬
ʹģҲй˼ҵȼλ̨ǲģȴе˶һٱ
û˿ǣΪ˶һԵġ
ͨİײˣܲϴһζ궼
˶࣬Բܰ
콥䣬Ҳˡ
ŵ˲ࡣ
ʵûˣǾԼȥѻĵء
л˵ˣԼѳĻĵأ˰öԼģȻˣ׼Լûġ
ˣЩ˴һȥѻĵء
٣ֶ١
Խֵ࣬Խ࣬õԽ࣡
̨Ƿ
ĵطȴ
³ɶѵҲԽԽࡣ
лһΪ˱һЩ¶ҵΪһѲߴӡ
ÿʮһ飬һʮʱѲߡ
һЩҲԲ룬Ѳߵÿ»аӵѡ
ôһѲߵԶ
ӣ֮ͨ㹻
Ѳлһһϵеߣ̨ǻǺܰġ
Ҫµûʼ£ͱſˡ
˵ˣгкȣֻҪҪܹĺܺã˭ȥأ
֮ǰ̨ǵһ
⻹һַŲϼһȥ˵ģҪǶµĻֻࡣ
Щˣлһֲûǿơ
ܹ£ӭ
ҪعģҲûиɫ
ôѡʹ֧֡
ģôõֵġ
ǰʷ˴Ӿһš
ᵽɱ治УЩ˼
ʦĽ̻壬лһһֱǼġ
ѾȴҲȻǽʦŷĶ˺ü顣
*
ǡ
ʹڴϣԱߺȻ֮ǰлһֶŸɵ̫ӡ
ʱһСĵ̺š
һһŶʷˡ
ʷŵлһ֮ǰǷⳤš
£Ŷˣ
СǲǻбŸ㣬ͷûȿȿȡ
˵ŻصĿ
ǫװǳƵĵ£ϳԩϳͽд˽ŶˣûˣСһڱ߹ؿرæҲ˵ţ
´ȥţ
ϲָ̧ʷˣϼһۣˣȥ㱦ͽ޹̣˰ɣ
ϳСлǫæл
ϰ֡
һһٵĵʵ¡
ȻǵطЩԶϴʱΪûбҪ޽ʲôˮ̡
ҲòϣҪͺҡ
ôĹлһһ˸ɵʵ¶ࡣ
Ҫ˵߹ǱߵʹֻӻľͲһֻỹб߹ֱӴõġ
˶ˣȴǲһлһܸɡ
ҲѹͷǷԼԱߵɪ
ȻΪ£ǾԸһΰɡ
ʡҲܰ
깤ͰСӽӻɣ̫ˣ޵İǺӵԸĥûˣûŶԽԽ𣿡ĵ
ǫۺ÷һԣ£ٹ꣬ʱ˵ĥԽƽԽأ
ޡŲ˶ãҪСӻ̫ӶĥĥϣԺ󡭡Ժ̫ҪСˣȿȣ
̫ӵȫ̾ͺһ͸Ƶġ
ǫͻ˵ûбܿҲû
ڻ˵̫ˣ̫ҲȻɫƽһԡ
Ͽ͵̫ӿ죿
󣬶лΪ̫ϴεл˰ɵģֻһֱûüл
Ժеǻᣡ
ǣ֪ˣ
ǫһüͷһ¡
⸸һһ͡
ͽܶȥ߹ˣлأ
һҲûеļһ
ȻҲҪͽܸϽصԼǫǺѵġ
¾ǵˮܻһֱЯ̫ӣĻҲô򵥵ľܺŪȥġ
ǲͣڱ߹æЩ¸塣
λӾ˭лһֻܹıġ
ˣǫڻҪͽܻʱʷ˲᲻صĸȥˡ
̫Ӻͻλʼġ
ǵȴֶ֮ͽܻĴˣǸʱҲ٣
*
̨ǵһ꣬ԤϵҪֵĶࡣ
ֹԶԷʨѩǴӺʱ˿ʼˡ
лһִѲӵʱ򣬼е˲ǺӻǴˣʺһлˣã
лһҲͬĻʺ
Ǹ˵Цݵڣлһͦеġ
ŬôãһЩıˡ
Щı仹ԼеģԽԽõıţͦá


168 
*
һһ, ת, лһ߹ꡣ
̨Եı仯һж١
û, ֻжϣźõķչˣʲôǿ
лһʮꡣ
ڳˡ
޳ģķɫʹλӣлһ³ΪýǴ˼ҡ
лһֳˣ
֮ķҲһ
˵˵ý
ؼɣ˻رϡ
ϲа̨ǵŮ治, ʵľ͸, żýŹ˵ͣǰϻݶἤ졣
ֻȴǲôлһἰ, żһ˵һ, һ̫æתͷͲӰˡ
ʱ, лŮҲֻԼҺʵˡ
ֻǣȥҲûҵܹԼҺӵˡ
ʹ, ĺá
лжɣвţͷԡ
˵Ůҵǲ٣кܶ໹Ҫҵġ
ֻлһȣ, ֻȢޡ
лүӵҲûҪȸлһ檣˵ȥ
˵ˣл˾û֮˵
ǰû˵ڣΪʹûȢ檣
ԣô˹˵ͣˡ
ƵİϺݶۡ
һǺõġ
󷿼ҵǸ֮ǰòֵϣͽ˼ѹȥˡ
Ŵǰ;Ĺ٣ɲܱһµŮ˸ˡ
ѾЩµϣʱҲھء
ȥˣӱǰ˲֪ٱ
ֻǰӣȴһֱûһ
л˴֮󣬽˺ӣ£õʱ˵Щӡ
ϵ߹صôѣ´ȥʱٰӸͻȥɣǼʲôҲȱ˼ҸӣҾҲĿˣ
л־ƽϱ˵߹صѹʱ򣬻Щɵ
ܿˡ
л־ƽˣһȥó׻ʱ˵Ǳ߶ôʱ治ȷʵǲԼҵġ
ڲһ˰
Ĳ˵ó׻ᣬǾԶǴֱʵġ
һһģǽ꣬춼ġ
żЩ׬˲٣˵ˡ
˵ǶӮľ档
Ȼֶ֪ô׬ӣЩͨ˶ܹ׬ô࣬οǵصʹأ
ܲ
л־ƽҲûкϸ͡
ŵԺлˣʹźһȥԼһۣܱԼͰپǿ
л־ƽˣ˵ĺӴһ㣬ʹźȥ߹ؿ
Ҫʶүү̵İɣ
οһλô״Ԫﵱ٣Ȼǲ˵ġ
ǲܿڱ߹صļˡ

лһȻ
ԵľǴŵĸ
̨ǵĴţˣ
ʹĴţҲˣ
̨Ǹã浽⻻һ飡
̨ǵ˿ɲһǰ˵ҪʲôʲôɣҪĶڿ϶
ȣ׻ϻ£
ҲȶҲҲʳǿ
лһֶԴˣ⡣
ûæ
Ա
ӣɿˣ
οҩֲռĲѾȥһˡ
꣬˾ܹȫųȥˡ
ռôĵطճоҲ
ֻô˲Σ֥ʲôľͲ̫óˡ
Լ˳ҲԲ꣬°ɣð취
*
˼ҡ
µԺӵĿ
Ϊ͹˵ɫ̫ÿ
ļҲֻ࣬û뿪
ιΪҪȰСóס
ʮĴˣ˵̨ˣ߹ôͻûżҵĹҲˡ
¿Ψһġ
ǣ˵ļҵĹӣСŤͷ;ܾҲһڸɩͷ
㵽ϲʲôĹӣԼ˵вУǲˣٹһ꣬ͶʮˣϹˣ˭ҪΪĳĵ
´űҲϲɩӣҲҪޣôң
๫˴ɩΪѵĿΪ
Ϊȳ⣺֣
ã
˴ɩٰС˵ˡ
ܹȰˡ
´Сǹ˴ɩųģԼҵĺû
޳۵˲á
ûа취ŮܲϹɣ
ΪżΪϱҲ֪
ǱСӳףͲɩˡ
°ʹɩ˵˵Ļ£ɵѾͷ˶Բԣ˴ɩԭֻҪοһ¡
ֻû뵽⻰һ˵ڡ
ոջ۵ĹС㣬Сˢľͺˣͷ񵽹˴ɩĻﲻˡ
˴ɩϹèˣ
ΪҲ磬˵ϲ˭ȥ˵ͣҪٲУһвУļֵܶѾɼңΨ۵óϴˡ
ΪһԲ֪ôһ䣺ҿлСִͦãƫƫ˵УҡС壬ʲôң
´ӹ˴ɩĻһĵΪʲôУƾʲô˵Уأɩĸ۸ңأ
ֿˣ
ȸոջҪġ
ҡʲôҲûɣģ磬ɩûɣһָͷûӴӴš䣬ϱأ
Ϊϱһװš
缴ǼҲǵĴ󲮸磬š๫Ķôˣ
Ϊٱšһȥ
£Ƕȥ
ҡ
£ϱҲ£
֪磡
ܿ죬˼뿪ӡ
С޺ˡ
Ϊ񣺡лһֲɣǲʣ
һǿˣ֪ô˵˼
˴ɩæʲôʵģȥ᲻𣿡
ʲô᣿Ůȥз׵ģ˵ˣСҪ˼ˣ£ǻˣлһ֣ˡ
ҲҪͻȻֹͣ˿
棬־ǿùΪ֡
˴ɩ£ɩ㣬л֪˼𣿡
¿ɬҡҡͷ
϶ǲ֪ģҪ֪ĻҲôˡ
˵ࣺϲʦܣ
˼ˡ
һһܣһһơ
ɩʱͻȻǰЩֶŮȥл˵ͣûɣ
㻹˵ʲô˴ɩһۡ
ɩ˼˵ͣҲ˰Ҫ˵л⼸ҲûŮӣǲ̫æϣ
Ϊ񵱼ܡ
˴ɩϱ˵Ҳ޵Ŷǿ๫ΪСãӲҪ˰ɣҪȥ̫̫˵˵
ۿŸոͣ¿޵Сӣ۾ˮˣ˴ɩۡ
˴Ϊǳһ֮֮ˣļܵܺö
ͬʱҲ
ΪСĹǹΪһС޳
Ҳܡ
̫ˣ
ҪǲôĻҲôˡ
±лһִ̫࣬Ů治ÿڡ
ɩл컹˵ºþûȥˣҪʹɩһȥݷðݷã
ðɣһɣϸȥˡ
磬Ҳ£˲ˣ
Ϊۣ֣
˶Ǳһ
Ϻģ


169 
Ҳ´ˡ
ΪԼ, Ҳˡ
ܶ, ºͬһ
ÿε뷨ʱ, ԺǻлһֵӰ
ӵģٵĿɹӣĵҲûбӡ
֪Լʲôʱݽȥģ
ɣûҪ
Լֹһε޸˵ĺȻյ뷨ȴǲܽܡ
ߣи, ҲĽ
, лһֻҪȢл, ǽż, ùһͨˡ
û̫Ļѡ
涪һζѣԼ˵Ļ, ôлһԶҲ֪Լ뷨
ԶĴ
ģ
Ĳģ
Ǹκ鶼ǵȻһƬ꣬񳤴ˣҪôĻҲһˡ
, ¸һء
磬ңлҾܾҵĻ㰲ңСþ޶
Ϊ۵Ŀá
㰲ţ
ҪܺĻ, 㰲Ÿˡ
ֻǣǹ˼ΨһСãô㰲ţ
ΪĹʱҲûôҪˡ
СԼģĿȥ˵Ҳûô
ôԣ
ߣлأ
һ˵һҲûˣҲСѾͷصļˡ
ȻȽϲôģ
*
ڶ죬΢ꡣ
ʹл˸ոճԹлһֱϽеԼԺ
һ£ϾȲĵиةԶֶŮĿɺÿɺˣͱСһ̺꣬ӡ
лһ֣̣ɶӣԷʲôҲͦã䲻ȣЩ
ϣ
лүһԲЦ
ҿǰԼûͬ⡣
ܺãǳԼӦøʲôһ㺢ӱȲ˵ġ
ͬģΪ̫ףҲǺһ㺢ôż
ԼϣƺһҲż
ǰ˵ЦҲ̸үүĵʱɼǵģ˵ҵʵԼͬУȢһʵڵļＦȮǾͲ粻Ȣˡ
˵Զеġ
ֻǣۿһĴˣлһ֮л˶Щ
ԼŮˡ
˼ҵޣͶףʮ궼ԼСˡ
ôһȽϣϺôҲסˡ
ȫģҲˡ
ֻû뵽һڣﾹȻѹûȥ롣
лүӱϵ˼ֻۣüȰ˵ǸļȻһͦãּܻңҪ̺ȥ
ЦˣͶˣ̾Ը࿴ϱɲ
лһ֣̣Ĳżҵ̨ǵһȶ˵
һ⻰˲ˡ
ȻǴ帾̨Ҳüˣ֪һЩ¶ģǰڵҲġ
̨ȶ
ǵöꣿ
ĿˣæڵӣҪһֱôȥǵöã
ôꣿ
УԲС
ʱˣܵҵôʵĹȥ
һҪ޵ӵͷӣңʹˣҲﲻʲôæŵ˺ӻܰŴȻϲӰæǾˣûˣˣ
лүӸҪŹͣصĵһۣĻͳˣɲҲΪã
лһ֣
һΪһЩʱΪѹʱлһҲᵽˡ
ǣѹҲš
үүôԶĸһסǼ꣬û˵һ࣬ûһѡ
⼸꿴ԽԽ˳ˣǡ̫ˡ
˵˵£ģ˵ҲΪԼż
лһ־Լͻ̫СȻͳˡ
үүлһֻøϽȰأүү̰ϱҸ˻أ
ģЩˡ
лһʹͷģ
ϣģһܿ۵Ĺ˵˵ϲʲôģ
лһ֣ɶʱҲѧڿӸԼˣ
û̫⣬˵뷨⡣
øýǳ׵Ҳ̫ʱ򵽶ʮٳףǻᱻ˴ǵġ
ȻǸͻкöꡣ
лүҲĵɼҵ˼Ҳҵһرأ
ʲôĹǺԼҵĹүҲ֪ô˵϶ûġ
лһ̫Ѩ
ôɣ
ǰһֱĪ뿪Ҳûҵʵĺòã
׾ҵʵģˡ
⻰ֱӺүү˵ŵΪлҵĶϱҪƷãТүү̣𾴵
οϱҪȻΪأõϱ˼ˡ
лһֵĻЩ֪ôӺá
Ҫׯᡢšˡ󷽡ϸġء塢ʵšҵҪľǲ£ţʱ뵽ôˣԺ뵽˵үү
ͬ⣬ûҪ£ˣ
лһ˵Ⱦߡ
Ψ˱үүϸ˵Ǿ˵ˡ
֪ڶɵˡ
ˣ
ô껹ûĹأ
ڻعлһѾܳԺˡ
ϣ
лүӣ
ϣͷӣĹҰ
лүӣϲĹﵱȻңңżﻹС
ǵģãҿСʱҡ
ѹûлһΪѶȲŹ˵ôҪġ
Ĺ
лһԼҲ֪
֪һ㣬үү̻͵˵Ȼ׼ȥңȻӦùҼ˰ɣ
Ȼûоȴ˵ģ˴߻ʲôжֲ
лһ󣬷ǳĿԼү
ôĹ˵̨ˣھҲټ
̫ү̫˵ϱ̫ܲҡ
ʵϣҲȷʵˡ
Ƿǳҡ
Իһŵʱ
ǾлСĹ¡
´֮󣬿˾ͻżɩɩһʹ
ϺҲܻӭǡ
̨Ǻܹ˵ϻ˼Ҳ࣬ҶҺ͹˼Ϥġ
ҶҶؽҶھûиȻģ˼ҾͲһˣŮ첻٣ο˼ҼֵܵϱҲº͵ģںлʱҳҲͦϲ
һȥģ˼Һлߵĸˡ
лûʲô쳣ڴʱ򣬴ļҳʲôǳе¶
˼ɩɩľûôˣϾ˼ҼҴҵҲЩҪæġ
»ǺһлһȥϹˣ»Ͼͻлңߣļҳ࣬ȴǺܵлŮ˵ϲ
ôסĹټ
̨ǾͼôһλģãƢãôôϲ
ԣϺݸлһ࿴Ĺ¶Ҳûס¡
еʱýŴĻ񻹻Źһſ
ǿ˭ۡ
İɣŲ¸ϲˡ
֮Ƣʲôĸ˵ˡ


170 
Ͼ࿴Щƺ˼ҹ, ˵ﻹôˡ
ĸʡ
Ȼ, ࿴ʱ, йԱ߸š
еʱûҲȥй˹һԲžиȽƵġ
Ҳģ
ȴǴ˵Լˣٿϵˣôǰ
, ࿴ľ
̨Ǿô, ĹҲôࡣ
ǹлҵϰȴˣл˿Ļ, Ҳȥ롣
лһ˵µʱ, ͦġ
ǹԭôмϲ
ûԣ
üϲˣ֧, ܱȳȥ׵ĺá
һĹȥתһꡣ
һ̨ǣá
˶˲١
׻˲٣
ɽӶ˲٣
˵лһǵˣ׬ĸǸ˲٣
лһڽ׻ĵطѲӡ
̨ǵΰõ˻, ͵ûеģ΢е㲻Եͷ԰ٻٻͻϹȥˡ
Ƕʹɲġ
Ҫɻģ
һ, ʡſﲻ¶
ºµĴó׻ᣬƽʱʱ򣬽׻ĵطҲһЩС̯СȻó׻һ֣ҲܱȿҪá
ÿͺ͸ϼƵģҪľͻ߱ҲԵֵͦġ
лһֻȥĵطͱţסˡ
ˣүȥһˣ
£
үûϷؿһЩ
ǳ˴ˣ
Ҫ̲ô˵
ȥѲӣлһִţʹȥ
֮󣬾ͼ˶һ˷ܵĶ
ڿϻˡ
󽫾Ҷ廹жҶӰء
лһЩŵʵҶôҲˣǳʲô£
ö²ܽ󽫾Ҳ
ҶһЦлֶ˵ˣ
ŶȿȡҶҸոûʲôˣлһΪԼء
˵ʲôģõŴ󽫾
Ҷ˵һ飺ûǸ˵ˣֶӰӰôʱ򣬺Ӷܴˣ⡭
лһ֣Ҷǲ˸µĺӳͿ
Ҷ˵һȥлһתͷѰͬˣ̣ôŰҽлΪ¶
þûˣôˣҶҲˣ
ƽʱȷʵõ
ͬˡ
ǹ£Լ˵˵ĵ¶Ǵ£ҿǹͦõģ˵ЩҲ٣㶼˵СѾൽ˰ɣɣ𣿡
˵ϻʹļ۾
лһ֣ͬԶ߽˻۾ɶѽ
Ҫ˵£ͺιһֱͬ⡣
Ҷ˵ţͦ⡣
ֻ˼Ҳǰ˵գ̫̫¹ﲻͬ⣬ԸϽ
ϧǣлһֲû롣
ͬ˲ˣлһתͷҶӰء
Ҷ磬ҺǺõһӵģ˵ǲǣ
ˢ
лүӡҶ塢л־һŤͷҶӰأԼͬĵӰ˵עŵ㣡
ҶӰأǸҲͦõģһأ
ҶӰصݸлһַĵ
ѹˣ
ʲôˣȻܹҶ˵ͣ
Ҷڱ߹ػбǿ𣿡
ҶЦŵҲļҸ㣬˰ѽϽĺһȥ˵ͬⲻͬ⣡
ҶҪлһֵߡ
лһִ ý˵͵Ļôȥһô죿
лһҿ˿ıӰ֡
Ҷǳ˳顣
Сôų
Ҹոյʾ⣬ոտλ
лһӵָˣȷĵʾʲôʱʾģ
Ҷ壺С˵ 
үӣѾˣҶлүӵ
лүӣȥɣھȥҪȥѣЩˣ
Զԣȥѣ
лһֱƽԼԺӡ
Ѿһ׸ɾ˹
ѣ
ף
ôϵ
Լţ
лһ־ԼӦΡ
̧ͷǴ۵̫
һүкãһҰɣ
εĻͲȥˣ
Ҷæˣʱȥ̸
ʲôڲֱӳ׾С
Ƽޣ
лһֱʾ϶ܣҪĻԸȢ
ΪһżܹԼִ˵ʱ꣬ôôľͳأ
ⲻǵԼһˣǵ˺òã
ƾʵ˭ˣ
ͬû⣬İ
лһ֮⣬ⲻле˶ͬˡ
ԣлһ֮ǰֻҪǳ˴žͲҲⷽԭġ
ոڴҶԼ˵ַлһֵԴµġ
֮ǰԼϲҲ˵ˣֻǼ˵ĵķӦȽͳһţ
̨ǵˣлҲʶһ룬ԼСϲŮô֪ܲ
ʵϲȥˣҲǵı˸ĲУŴӦȥŮǱ˼Ҽ˼һ棬ż֮ͺ˼˵ԼԸ⡣
ͼȴǲôֱ˵ֻ˵ɲɱԼģȢҲǲܡ
л˲Ӳˣͷɾôһް
ڽӴĴ¿ɲܺ
лһȻ֪ܺⲻ͵ż˺Ҷ󽫾
̾Ϣһ֣Ťһ¸첲ϵ⡣
ۣүҸʲô໵һɤӱ
лһ֣۰ûΣҾȻͬȥף˵аŲ
꣺šһµԭ
Ͻǵˣ棬ϴߴٵ
֪ˣˣ
лһˡ
ͻɣȥһ۶ѣӦòԼ
̨ǵ˶һ飬Ҳû˭Ҷְλˡ
ѵصĴУ
ԼöһЩί˵ˣɲܽ˸ˡ
Լߵν˺ҶǱ߿²̫˵
ѣͱϣٵ뿪ʹ
·ߣлһֺϤ
ͣԼҵķǰлһѾܹȻԶˡ
Ļͦܵڷ棬еĻ͵һٷˣ̫˵ȥ
ɱ˵ȥ֮Ҫע⣡϶š
лһ΢Ц
ԼûеͷǲӦ
һˣϹӭӣֱӽ˴ĵ
лһַżȫԻġ
ĵõ尡¼ʲôĶУͦȫġ
еԷ׼һֻҲеġ
֮󣬴ϺݾͿʼҶҳ
лһһԺҶӰش۵Сۡ
лһֻĲš
Ҳû뵽ԼҲб׵һ졣
̫ˣ
ҶӰغŲ裬ʱĿ棬ĵֱߣڴܿ档
һҶӰͻȻվ
ˣȥӽӣ
ȥлһҲվ
żʵ̫쳣ȥ͸͸


171 
֪ƽʱر˵ҶӰ, ʱȴǾܾˡ
, ţ
, ⡭
ҶӰԼȥˡ
лһ֣Լˣ
˵õκʱ򣬶Ҫõһӵأ
֮ǰʹﻹ˵վлһߵϵл־ҲڴĺҶ˵Ż
ΨлһֱˣƺǸˡ
ϣϽȥɵܱ׵ĺá
ĵ飬ĵŴˡ
ҶӰسſ, վŲЦŵ, Ҳûˣ
лһվ⻹ûôأͲˡ
л˺ҶҲͬʱſڡ
λ, õˣΪһ˽ 
лүӣΪ, Ͻ
Ҷ壺˼
ΪͲ, Ҳɣ
ã
Ϊ󣬹˼ֵܶˡ
ʦֹ˵ࡣ
·лһֵʱʦֺܺĺС˵һ䣺ʦȹϲʦܴϲˣ
˵꣬˵Ҳǰˡ
лһ֣
˼ôҲˣ
һ, ҶȹЦ治ãҲһ˵˵ϲ¶, ã
л־ݶæݡ
ϣзҪռ
һȣҶΪýлҶǳ⣬һְΪҲɣôϤˣҲľ¹ˣô

𾪵лһֿԵˣ£
лˣշΪվлһʩ
ˢ
лһѸԱȥ
ȡȣۣҶ˵Ķǡ£
ǰǶʶôˣⲻԼټŶˣѾͷпգҶЦ
Ϊͷ
㿴ˣл˺Ҷڻû÷˵Ҫ˵µ˭
ٸˣ
ΪոʩҲл˿ġ
˼Ҷ˵̧ͷŮͷȢϱ
ԼʵǴЩ࣬ԹΪԼλðڵĺܵ͡
ֻϣлһܹҵĽ֮΢Ŀһ¡
лһִû¶Լ˼ⷽ棬Ϊò׼
лһָԾ
ǱµˣΪëûǰԼ˵ǶԷǹ˼ˣ
»ͬ
˺Ҳ㲻ϣеļμ滹ô֡
͸·ܰ˸Ϳˣлһֶ
Ĳôֹۡ
˼ҺͼͦϤģȴǶԼġ
ǵģš
лһΪȥʱԼڼҵʱһ֪ǹԼġ
ΪֵܼˣҪԼѵ
֮ǰ֪ô¾Ͱ˸ˣҪ˵ףѵһºҲ˵ùȥ
лһֺ˼ʱ򣬰ϺݾͰѺû˵˺üˡ
ʲôŮש
ʲôϼװ
չ๫Ļ˵ˣ̵ĻлһָоԼֻصʱ
Ҫһ΢չţҪǻ֡
ңС㵽ˣ˼ΪԱĵ
ᣬԵҲ
ݵһӾ;ЦݣվȥҼҵƤ̫ܲ˼
Ϊվлл
ݣ¿һˣ
лһ֣Լ˻û̬һˣ
±ݼΣڵʱԼҶܣ˼ÿǹԹ˵ġ
Ƿĵϲ
֪Ժ󼴽Ϊϱˣˣ
ˣ
ôʴƯĶϱŵҡ
ڶ˵Щݺˡ
˼ҴС̨ǳˣĻͬ⣬Ǿ治֪ʲôˣ
ҪҶ鲻ȸ߶ӶԷ˭˵ˡ
ﻹٳš
ͳȥ˸˽
糺ĸݵ󣬽֮ɨһȦ񣺡¼лүүл̣Ҷã
ϵúúã°һˣ
ŹµҲ˵վŶۣ
ɲɵģµλӾлһֵԡ
µͷˣʼվɨӵʱһлһ֣֮ͷһֱš
ߵĲ˼̧ͷˡ
лһ֣Լô˴࿴һҲԸ⣿
ݻصλ£ŵּĻ˻Ρ
Цŵͷ
ҶҲ΢Цͷ
䣡
̫ˣ
ǰûϸûãһԽԽ䡣
һԣ˵ľǰˡ
ȻȻĳˡ
Ȼǹ±лһִ꣬ȴûκεӰ졣
лһֱ;ûжĸǰʮҲ٣οֻ꣬붼ˡ
ѵõл˶ǳĸˡ
һԼϲҲϲ
Լ˲ס
һ໥ϲҲϲģǾ͸졣
ʱлһֺοҶ˵׵Ķǹ¡
ռ
ҪһȢ˵Ļɾʵġ
̼ŮڹٳϰﲻԼ¶лһѹûпǹ
ԼŮˣֻڼò绨ͳɣ⣬ԼͰˣ
ʱļ棬¶ġ
ٴġ
һ̸£Ҳνڤڤ֮еԵݰɣ
̸ɣɫ
лһһƣЦҶлֶĴýֶһףҶ³ɣ
ҶЦãҴֶӵлýҿɵúȣ°Ҳһɣ
ºҲվ˫ллҶ
˵꣬ӾҪȡ
ֻǣӻδͱлһָסˡ
ŮӲҪôҵİ׾ƣȣ
һգѾ䵽лһֵȥˡ


ա
¶ǣлһ־öӻջǵġ
ûһӺȹôˣоˬûߣ
Ҷ壺ʹ죬ɣ
ҶҲˡ
˾͸ŵĿˡ
лһⱭлҲˡ
Ǻ°˾Ͳõˡ
л浣СٷĲͬأҪôȰģȰˡ
ԱߵĹµͺ͸ˡ
ǸӸոҲմģʱȴ
һ٣˲١
˼ҼֵҲԵĺܿġ
õԸˣ˼һܺõ÷

ȥ֮ҪҶ彫ýһлл˼ҲС
Ҷ棬лһָͲͬס
лﾭýŹȥ˵£лһǾ̨ܾѾΪһǿĻ⡣
лһܹͬ࿴ҶӣȻҪллλý˵ġ
лͬҲ˺лҶ塣
¿л˼ӶģԼҾȻȢһĹ˼С㵱ϱ˸ˡ
ҶԴ߲ܡ
ý࣬Ӧõõġ
¶˵ĸ¡
лһֳæʱͻһЩ˸ȥ
Եģȵģõģеʱ¾ǿˣԼժ͹ȥˡ
СЩССݵģǰѹ¸˻ˡ
ҲĵһЩģϸǰæ


172 
˼ϱǿŹ˼ҼֵĵĶ˳ۡ
Լ๫ûôϸµ˼
˼ֵܣҪΪ, ÷һ١
ޣ
ǰ, һľͷ, ƤҲԼϷһµģΨ˼ѣûˣǾˡ
ڵã¶ˣûû˵ĳˢڸˡ
ȥˣĻ, ֵܼͲõĺüĶ˯ˡ
ˣ
ֻ, Ҫ򣬻治һܴù, οлһԿ, ڣǸǲˡ
, ˣᣬҲ²ȥ֡
ͽˡ
ô, ֻܴϱﰲοˡ
ӵҪɲΪСµˡ
ȥлһ÷ѣ
ϰ֣¾Ͷİ³ʮ
һ, лһϾдһӿȥ
ѧҪףʦ϶Ҫġ
ӵǫĻҲͦ죬Ըġ
¹תлˣУصǣ½˳
лֵܣ뵽ȱ裡
һЦл˿ҺǺֵܣˣ¹Ժܹȱϲƾˣ
лһֵȻʱһҪ
ǣ
룡
һֹ
лһֱߴʦű˵֪ģ
ƵĵүȷʵûᣬֻҲΪʲôֹҪϲƣ˵ֵǶ
лһ֣

ûǴĻ֮ǰʦ˵
Ҷˣÿһﶼȷеȷ档
֣ĻԳۡ
޵У
Բ˵ġ
˼ҰæżΪ˱ʾлǷڵĻһЩʳ֮⣬лһֻûкʲôξȻҪϲƣ
մϲ
лһֿɲôš
ģԼǸʹʲôҲûа
˼䣬ʷ˵Ѿ򿪡
Ŀ꣬лһֵҲʦŸ⿪ˡ
Ѿȫͬλʹ֮գظ֮ʱͽмǣ²ģΪʦھζع֮գ
ڻ滹һ£ᵽ˸лһִ֣ܡ
Ӷʮڶ֡
лһȻʮѾ£ɱڼʱҲ֮С
лһ֣Ӵʱ𣬾Լ֡
ܣʦԼ
ؿܱ
ʦʷˣ͸ֶôں
ŵȺҵר
ʦںԼѧ
ˣûµĻȥˣһѡ
лһֽźϣʦˣܣͽ¶ȥϲǱߵ͹ȥתһ䣺лһֻӭ
ǣˣ¼סˣæӦ
ΪʲôҪôһ䣬ȴҲ֪үԵ޹ʵļϣתﵽˡ
Ϥأһ仰һĶν
ϲȥ֮󣬾ر˷ܡ
ֻʵʱ궼ֱҡͷŪʹ˶Ϊõˡ
꣺¶õĻҪ˸ˡ
ǲܸǣ̫ŵҡ
׼ϱл˶æµ
ȻлһȻǺǰһ飮
лæ
үӴл־Ҫˡ
Ϻݾ͸æˣʰ׼ʱҪõĶ
̸ǵһжµģɲҪʼ׼ˡ
һ꿴ͦʱģҲգ۾͵
ȥһꡣ
תۼ䣬͵˴ӡ³ʮ
̨ǵڶڽֵ໥ء
ӾͺǼȢƵġ
˵Ҳ̨ǵʹҪˣȢ˻ǹ˼ҵϹС㣬Ȼ̨ǵĴϲ¡
ʹլ·϶˺ɫϲ̺ϲɫÿ˶̲סľ̾

طռ̨ǵĴ·ˡ
ֹˣΪƳǰߣе˵лҾţ̨һ⡣
ôһ̨ǵǵ·Ҳϲ̺
Щ˵лðģۼȴǹٱæ
лһ֮󣬾һˣϲ̺ǣ
ʱ˵ˣǻὫ̨ǵ·϶ϲ̺ʹ˴֮ϲ
⣬лһֽˡ
ȴǲϣԺҪġ
ϲŴ̨ǣڵϲġ
лŸͷǰȥӭף֮ϲϲϲȺеĺӡ
һЩҲ̲סĶȥմϲģԽ࣬մԽࡣ
˼
ϲ
µĹ뷿ɩɩæš
еڰͷеױеڲ鿴ĶǷȫеڶѾӰæû˿ҡ
˴ɩһСϻӷŵµЦǼɩɩ⣬Сó֮󣬷ͬģٰü򲻿ɺڼƵˣ֪

֪ģɩɩ¼ˣ
˶ɩиˣҪһЩڼſڰ
϶ģЦӦ£Сߺ죬ϲ
ŮޣϲԽ࣬ϱԽи
ɩɩٴαѣȻ̲סĿġ
ɩɩΪãһֱǵá
򿪹˴ɩСϻӣĶʱ±ˡ
ɩ̫ˣòôģġǼСţ˵Ź¾ҪϻĶá
˴ɩæסֻ֣ܣû͵˵Щõģ
˶ɩǰСãƴˣôˣӦõģ
ɩǹ˼ҹŮ϶ˣţ
ɩɩǵӦӦݵģ
˵ϱ°ɩǶĸױԺҪշǹ˼ҵСһأ
ɩҡ
˴ɩСãϱ˵ǵﻰֻǲ˼ֱ˵ǹ˼Ȼһ壬һֱ̼֮ңԺҪҫײҪл˰æЩǺǵģ°ɣ٣
ºȦллɩɩҲллǣܰϵģֻҪ๫Ϊѣһ޶
˼ɩɩЦŵ⻰͹ˣбλ๫Ҫϻ۵ˣǹ˼Ұϸ֦ˣ
СԺ͵ˣ
ɲǣûľͶѽ
±ɩǵĻ˸ϵЦȴûϹ
ڵлһֶԼõû˵
ǰ˺á
죬ϲ
˼ҸĸѲˣԹſͷݱġ
ǱΪ񱳵ģĸ˼ֵŶ
ɩɩͣһƬĽ
˼ôгļ壬а
Сܼ޸лſǻ˰˱Ӹˡ
ճζУȴûиֱֱġ
˼Ҷˣǵ˵£ȱٸҡ
һеʶĶ˵£ζͰˣ˵ȱأ


173 
һ̧̧ļױ, һĵϲ, ˵Ź˼ҹŮˡ
ϲ̺, ϲβͣĵš
ѾߵҲ嶫ˣǵͣʹǰʱȴĪˡ
ţΣڶĿЩ¡
һֻ޳ǣסʱеʧˡ
Ҫ£ңлһСֱ, ﻹ亹Ĺµ
ȫֻʣ˰
, ѵõƽ
´ûôİ
֣ͺԼյȫҸ
һأ
ݸã
޶԰ݣ
ɡ붴
ã
һƬĽк, , ˣ
лһǣŹµȥ
ϲŸݹǴӻлһˡ
ų, Сʵ
ֱлһֻЩʵС
Լˣ
ȢһŴǧСΪޣҲûε¶
ðɣлһֶȢ¶ûι
ŵԼ
ǷĹʲô, žؾ㤡
ϲǣֵһ̣лһѾǷݾ׵֮⡣
ķ羰Щģ϶ë
·лһֵԺ, 鷿Ҵͨˣࡣ
ͷ档
ƣӴƱ۹ࡣ
⣬ͷϡ
ΧһƬϲ
ϲ
ϲ
ͬϲ
ʱҶȺ漷˽Цŵϲϲϲϲλǰȥϯɣϯں˾͵λϯˣ
˵˵ɣˡ
˵Աһƣлһֵʦ֣ԼӼ޹ˣͷæġ
һҶӰغȺҲʹǲѡ
Щ˻Ҫôл˵Ķأ
ûãԼվڶˣſڣѾŸϣĶŻҪǰȥյˡ
ҪֶûֳɵˣȥȾưɣҲûҪô֣
ûãֵǿѾְӳȥķʽ
Щ˱Ƚǣûзǵʹ˵Ķϧˣû֮ˡ
ǽһ类ӹܹģձл˽֣Ȼǵúúñһˡ
ɲôΪЩֻţģҲУ
·
лһֺ͹˶һȻ˶Ц
ףף˶ЩʵС
໥һЦȴǽֲʵĨȥˡ
лһֿŹͷ϶ŵͷڵ£ҰͷϵĶȡźأ
ԼУȥǰ֧ӦŰɣЦ˵
лһ֣û£ʦȰ㣡أܹôã
Цԣ
ȷʵͦأǹȴû˿ıԹ
ͷǹ˼ֵܻؽΪױأһ·¾ԼĲӿѹˡ
лһôһ˵ȴǾãԼһУֵ
̣⣬ĵ
ҽȥ͵Եģ
ǣ
ʱ·ű򿪡
л֦ﻹһ̣С˺һڵ
лһЦŴк㣡
л֦ڴ֮ǰϹģԵһҲŹˣ׼ҶӵĴ飬϶Ҫġ
Զôˣ͵һһһˡ
ֹл֦һˣл־ƽһҲˣ޵ýҲĺ롣
ȻҲû¡
ΪͣӲֻл־ƽˡ
ôˣûȥӣ÷ӹʵûа취
ڽʱѾ͵˵Ѿãǲ̫Ͷ٣ȥʱҪרӺȾƲС
лһֺܸжġ
Ķˣڸ˶֧ߵġ
ж֮࣬͸ҪԼˣü˸Լ
ȥǰæɣտţл֦ܵЩĵ
æ¾УһȥտţĻҲùߣ
˵ֺˡ
лһЦŵУ鷳ˣͷҶྴ򼸱
л֦ˣǾɱˣǰˣܺȰңſˣ˭㵲ƣ
֪ˣȥǰˣ
ȥɣ
лһŴ·
ĸſֺǺǵĿ
лһ֣ΪǸļһء
²̫˾ܿһЩңԶʱ򿴲ϸڣЩֵļһ˭ܹ뵽Щأ
л֦տ·ſȻҲͲˡ
˶лһֵǰ档
ƣıزٵĻڡ
ȻҪȾơ
ȻҶˣΪɶЩƵļһﶼƵݸǡ
ֻ뿴ֵģû˵Ҫɶġ
ôԾĽƵݸ棬Щһôأ
Ҳܲȡ
лһ֮ǰҹǣǰæƵġ
æ
ѵҪȵеʱٰ
Ļûпʼȣ͵ݸǣʵİɣ
ܺʲʣݾƾͺȡ
лһûȶ٣ǽ㿴ֵļһſºü
Ҷ͹˵ȵ࣬òʡ˵Ƕġ
˵һڶһѹԼлңһ仰ǣһܺȣ
ЦĲ
ȴһ𣬲Цѡ
лһ˴˵еĶ
ҹס
·棬ա
ǰ裬ĦһƬҹɫ
ڶ峿лһֱһϤϤĴ·ˡ
ƽʱʱҪ˰ʱ
۾˲䣬Ϳŵ·ߵĹ¡
ϱҹȥ
һ
±ŵĲᣬСˡ
лһ־ͽ§˹
ͺ͵ģ§
ۿлһҪڣЦ˼£ֻõˣûˣҵȥ̺һˣһȥ̺أ
˭˵ȥ̺ģлһۿ͵ϱҪԼĻЩɻˡ
Ź»Ҫ·˵̲˰糿˵أϢҪ㣬°ţ
µڵľͺˡ
ʱѾ´ˣЬҪߣֻǿ۰Ͱ͵Ŀлһֻ̲סĺǴɩǺ˵ģ˵ТԺǶϱ͵ɱҾТ
лһ֣Тлҵ¶ҸϲʲôĶϱ
ģѵʹɩ˵Ĳһɱȥˣͷһȥ밲Ҫ˾Ͳˣһŵ
һ档
ϱߺСһķ
¸յߣһûע⣬ͱлһָˡ
˵ˣľǶ˼ҵТˣлһ˵ţͽϱ
ĳοϱţȻԼѵĻҪ磬˵Լû
Ϊһˣôϱ̫ľأ


174 
Тʲô, иСʲôĿ϶ܹü˸ˡ
±лһһָˣ๫, 
촽, ˮһ㣬һֻкߺŴ·𡭡
СڳŵʱѾ͡
˫ϼһıлһֵ
ǹĻлˣЩء
СӣСôϢһôͳˣ
лһ֣·Ҫ밲, ϵ컹ûҪ, Ҹȥˣⲻ, Ҫ, ûס
һЦˣĴȰĹŹµĵǼҲЩ, 㲮ʱҲûЩأֻҪСڹĺþͳɣϰСҪ۸㣬ͺ˵, ǰѵ
æлл̣๫ܺáϰߵģ
˵Щ˼Ŀ˿һԻǣֲлһ֡
лһҲڿϱԼˣŹü, ˼ƺ˵˵Ĳɣ
Сˣ๫ôǻ뵽һķأ
Ҳ˹ҺﻹǻŻһҪһԣ
ţȥ¾Ҫȥ
æסõ㣬Ǽгһ˵˵
¾Ŀһлһ֡
лһһЦԼôҽоУүү̣ﶼǺˣΪģ
С˵ʲôأһˣΪʲô
˵ĶԣҾ˵õˣ
һ仰ѰϺ˵Ļŭš
˵ȢϱԼҵСӾͲһⲻȢϱ˵ˡ
ϱûȢ
ЦС𣬺һһ˵˵
ϣ
˵ǲأǸеĻһû١
лүӺл־ƽл־Ƕ֮лһֺ͹»С޹ڵϣŸĿͷ衣
¸裬Ҳûа׺ȵģҲǰ׼˵ġ
óԼ·Ьӣл֦޵ĴҲУл֦л˺ҲУǰл֦ϲˡ
û뵽ܴϵϱѣȥҿɵúúõ԰԰ڣл֦˵ĵݹȥЦ
ݣ㣡
л֦䣺ϱãǲǱĻãԺ󶼲˼ˣҳ𣿡
Цָָл֦ڵķ򣺡֦ѾͷǺˣ˵ǰˣ˰ɣ
ˣ
ϵϱԺô࣬ǼҵѶԼô
Ļţ
æۡ
µʱ򣬸˵ĺü޵˯ţЩһҲۡ
ߵܶȺţȷʵǳͬһˣȷʵǹµַ١
ô˶зݣð
ҲлͶлһָ֮󣬲ʱ˵໥͵ģܰ׵лҵﲻǣ
ڿѾͷǸʱ뷨ģֻлΪʲ𣬲û꣬Ҷýˡ
ôһ룬Ͼ͵ͷСȥллҶ
лһ֣˵ǣҪҶȢĺϱأ
˵µͷߵ
лһЦϱ̫׺ˣԺöúͼ˽ӴӴ
˵һ緹Ͱڳˡ
ǽλķæںãݵ׼Է
ݣǼûôóԳԣúȺȣСӣϱԼչ˺ã˼㵱ϱģɱţ
ţҡûţµ
ʲôҲûɣţ
ǽһ仰ֻŰοģشҲûж롣
뵽лһֵһ仰˵һ䣬ֱӽϵ˶ˡ
ûŰУ֪ˣӰѾģлһֺ˵
ۣȿȣңҳǺˣȫεĲС
лһֵĽ
СʲôҲ˵˼˵Ҳѧʡ
ҪԼ˵Ļ϶üȻ󣬵϶˽ʰ
С˵֮󣬻󷽷ĸϱвأ˼⵭ӣˣ
лˣСӳ׺Ȼһ֪ӰѾˣ
ȴǴ쵽˲ӸҲû©¡
лû֪˰
Ϊһϣĺ๫һֱ˵ԼӰѾʲôʲôġ
ˣ
һٷԵһ˶رȡ
¿Űʰ극ͱлһָȥЪˡ
СһߣлүӴŶҲԼȥˡ
ֻʣ°ݺл֦ǣŮһۣȻЦ
οĵò˶ãˣ
ϵͷֶ¶ɱߣҲֻСӣϱ֪
ΪʲôŮˣ˵෽㣡
ɻˡ
ǳǻſֱʵ
ǸʱҲûоʲôôԼŲԼأ
ϵϱƤû˵˾绰ͺĲ˵ⲻûе¶˵ᶮ٣ԺϤˣ̽
ʣɱϱˣҪǵ˹Ĵ£ôʰ㣡
ݣԼϱˡ
ðɣҲΪ˵е
Լ޵ʱԼ˵ҹûأ
ϱ׵Ͳˣû˺˵¶⡣
ôһ˵ݶԹֶһЩϧ
֪˵һصҲģ
ǾУȶϤϤ˵¶Ҳ٣
ＸʱҪȥù²ûش⡣
·СڴʱҲ˵⡣
ʵڳ֮ǰ˴ɩҲ˵˺ܶࡣ
ϺݵĵЩ¶
Ͼ˴ɩҲǸʱġ
ҹ˴ɩ̸µֻ಻١
ʱ¾ھᡣ
๫ҾûҪȥ̺ŷ̺ţܲýһֱ࣡
лһҲס⼸죬üûˣ˵ߣУǼû̺̺֮˵ʲôҪţѧЩԺãڼɣȻһЩУ
˵ŶϱصģǼûУҡܾﲻʵ
лһЦ˼Ϊ㣬ϱ᲻ʵһЩˣ
֣ģ
˵Ķԣ֣
ºߵĵͷȴҸ
๫εʱε
żңҲûԼӵС
룡
лһִʱºܺߡ
ȴرĿġ
лһֵĶϵҺܿļ޸һ÷
лһֽ§ⱲԵǴӦΨһһף
ӣ·ŽգڴһƬгöŮ
׵죬ա
һ磬ݾ͸׼СҪõĶ


175 
*
, ˼ľ׼ˡ
ҪǹΪ, Ϊٸ缸ȥлҽˡ
ô, ǶԹ緹ˣû̫ˡ
ΪҲܹȵס
ô··Ҳò˶á
οлѾ˵ˣú÷϶һ, ֻðѹסֵǵż
, ˣ÷ſˣΪܽЦŵ
ſ, ˼ŷҲϲĴү, ̣ϣ
Ϊˢվ, ſڽˣ

缸һŴſڱ
ãڵˣΪԶʹк
лһֺ͹Ѿ߽˹˼Ҵš
˶ӭ˳¼ľҪǰܣ˿һЦĿԼ๫, òýŲ
ʱ๫˵ˣлţһҪزС
µԼܹȥ๫˵ء
ͣĿһԵлһ֣лһһЦĿ
ۿŸɩ߼, ʵ̲סˣ๫
ȥɣлһ
ϲ磬ɩӡ
£
Сã
ھ۵һ𣬲ͣţ˵š
ߴߴӣù˼һ˲١
üǣ˼˵ķŵȥˡ
޹ȥ¸ɫܿóΡ
µɫǣ޶ˣ
ΪҲˣʱлһֲŻߵ
ȹΪǿڣлһ־ȴкˣ磬ɩã
磬ɩ磬ɩʦ֣ʦɩĸ磬ɩ
Ŵ˸кù˼˸оһ˲١
Ҫ֪лһǹ٣񣬼ʹΪҪ¹ġ
ڣлһǴкȻǰԹ¹һڡ
Ҳǿҹ£Ż¡
˼˶
Ϊˣ͵ˣϽȲ裡
룡
һ𣡡
Ϊлһȥ
ڹں͸Ƕݵ˵˼仰֮󣬾ͱɩɩǸԺ˵ȥˡ
ŲҪʹʵġ
ڵ֪л»Сһ˯磬Ȼʱ˼ɩɩǳ׵ķˡ
ź̫ڣ̫أ
Цŵģ̫źŶرãʲôҲҸأ
뵽л˶Լĺã顣
˴ɩӣ
öһֵۣ£ɩɩǶ죬ЩҪ˵ģ
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˴ɩǲɻ๫л˻ΪлŲӦ㲻˶
˶ɩŵöϱɵģһ٣ԽͳĵĶ㣬ԽҪϱѸɲУ
ɩлҺǹ˼Ҳͬǹߵ磬δܾТС㲻ͬɲܶ˹˼˵
˵ϱҲıģ˼ҶǺãǸҪ˼Һãлˣ˺ңһҪץסУ
º๫ˣɩɩǲõģ
ɩһԸ˼ˮϣµĻ޳ɵĵСǴˣ˵̫˵ģڿСúûнɩɩ֮ǰ˵Ļ
ɩҲóԴл˵ġлûЩ뷨๫ҡĺܺãЩżˡ
ȻŹ˼죬л˶һһóԼĴý㻹Ҫõֺá
˴ɩҡҡͷϱ˵Ļ㻹û
²ʣɩôˣĲ𣿡
Լӽû˵ʵĻɩɩô̬أ
˴ɩֵ÷С꺢ӵŮϵ죬㻹ǵ÷񣿡
µͷ
ǰɩɩᵽ
лʲôϵе˶İ
˴ɩ¶ɵż
㱾ͱл곤꣬лŵˣǺйϲģǸճ׾ܷͨлոңС𣿡
䣡
µԴһӾ
ûйѣԼԺЩôȷˡ
檣
ǰģ⼸ҸùЩˡ
ֻ֪лҹıڹ˼һҪá
๫ĳ谮ż˵İݣʲôʲôҲˡ
ڣˡ
ӻҪȥģԺкܶԶ
Сӵɫ仯˴ɩ֪ȥˡ
ǰ˵ЩСӿɲио
ܾշЩңԶƵģ˼ûһȢСģѹûеһ¡
ڱлһ֮󣬹֪Լǲܽ๫ӵųԼŮ˵ġ
Ļģۺۣ
ôһֿܣѾ۵ܣ˵ʵԺӻܹȥ
ҵĿλɩɩǸô죬ɩңҲ๫ָŮˣ
˴ɩֱۣʾҪ̫ż
Ȼ󼸸ɩɩһЩ
飺
绳ӣ
ɩ˵ǣ˺л˺ͼ˱뷨ͻٺܶ࣡
ǰѧĶҪõϣ͢ǻʱòĻܹõõģ
л˼ʶĺãϱģһ㲻ٵȥ
֪ллɩɩºλɩɩл
ǼλɩɩٴĻὫ֮ǰЩȫˡ
СãõлܹĺãҲܷģ
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ٴ£֪ԼԺҪˡ
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գּң£ǲڻ¡
ԭл˿ڼ򵥣Щѧʶòˣǳõϰ
ɩɩģԼڲŬһЩԺ๫Ҫ檽ԼʱŬ
ãҲһʼдõĺá
ԼŮ˶ˣ๫ӦþͲˡ
뵽¶ģҪһʵлҸ
λɩɩһЩ⣬ӵĴϡ
³޵ʱ򣬹˼Ҹʮ棬ټлһԼеķݣЩҪġ
֮ǰҲֻǻῴˣĴ滹û֣ȴǱҪˡ
˼ҼҲûκ˽صĽԼ֪Ķ˵˳ֻϣܹСлҹĸ
ЩʵǹΪѵģҪǹ˴ɩҲ벻
ΪϣܹĳΪлˣֻһζĵһµ̡
Ҫ֪лһּż򵥣Խ˼ҾԽҪһѹܼҵĺ֡
ºö鶼лһԼ֣ǺܶŮ˴˳Ч
ӵĹϡ
лһǹԱԷݲܰԼϣֻܰڽ֦ϡ
ŹˣΪ̼ŮһЩģҪԴлһҲ˵ʲô
Ȣ̼ŮǷǳ 
ˣûǰΪͽܵܺ͵Ƕټ˵Թ˼沲Żôһ


176 
ǹΪԶ, ĸɩɩҲܻ뵽Щ
ԼԼҹ, һ²һ¡
Ϊ˼ĹΪᵽ, ˼ҼλɩɩͲֻˡ
ҲǷǳľġ
˵εĻţù´һСȫĸıˣѧСô˸
ߣлһҲûš
Ź˼ֵܼ󣬾һЩ顣
Ǳ߹궼æŵˮ
ͥѾˣǾ̨ǵҲû꣬˵ΧЩسˡ
ǹ˵ٶ, ʮҲһܹɡ
̫, лһֻ뵽һӣȻҪ˰æ, ڱ߹Ǯ̵Ҳֻй˼Ϊˡ
÷Ϊܹн𣿡лһֵĻ, Ϊˡ
˼Ҳȱˣȱӡ
Ǻͳ͢Ĺ˺, Ǵûй
Ļ ˼ȻҲơ
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Ĵ£ֻ̻ͨĹ˼ܹӵ
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лһȷȻܵģ
лһ˵⻰ûԭģҪ˵⹤̴ȥѾʼ, ֻȴǲ̫⡣
ȥ깤ʮˣͼֽлһ˲ûзѶ¶浽ʩʱģΪʵ⻹ĸĶʱʮ˸Ͳġ
˵ǰѾ˵߸ˣҲ˵ڹ̨ǵˣʵֻˡ
߹صˮ̣Цأ
Ҳ֪²ģǻּģҪǱǸˣԼԴס˵Դǲܹס˵
Ҳˣ߸˵֮󣬾лһ֣ϣܹʹһЩܹɽЭɹ̡
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ڴӦ֮лһֵһ뵽ľǹ˼ҡ
ԣϱ̸
лһֵȷĻΪֿʼš
лһԱżĻһ䣬ˮǲܳһġ
תۼ͵˷㣬ǹ˴ɩ飬Ϊлһǲȥ˷
ʵΪҪ̫ˣȻ˷㡣
ǿסһϵģǳԹ֮󣬹ȴᵽظȥ
ΪˣǺææսźͳԷʱ˵˼仰֮⣬ʱû
Լ๫Ǹ
һֱ顣
ܰæҲңǹ˴ɩһֱģɩɩǵ㣬Ȼ֪Լôʵġ
ʹ͹˸֮䣬صĻҲ㲻̫ԶԺĻҲ¡
лһҲ֪Ϊǿ϶ҪæһЩӣҲʹŹ»ȥˡ
·ϡ
лһֵļ๫ԺʲôĲλһҪ˵òã
лһ֣ôô˵
ֱ˵๫ЩӣСˡ
лһһ¡
¾ֱɫɩɩһֱңѧ˲٣ǼҾöûã̺ҺܺãҲ֪Ҫôǣ
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»Լ๫Ļشء
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๫û°ɣЦԼǺţܣ˳
лһֿͺˡ
ڰԼŵϱС֣Ȼϱڴֽŵʵûˣڼûɩɩ˵˵뷨𣿡
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лһȻ
Ϊܹ˼Ҳ⼸ֵܹϵĺϾϱͬ
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˭Ҷϱסһżôݵģ
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ȻлרŵĳҪԼ⡣
Ȼڳ˹³Ĳֱ֮佱ϱȢ/ϱȢ̫ˡ
Цĺܿģ
лһҲܿġ
ȥæҲõСϱˣ˿ڲӣ黹ͦģϱ϶ܹӦˡ
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ǵʳཬʱһֱɲɡ
Ѿмǵ˴󾡿콫ˮ޺ãҲ㡣
лһֽźԼдһͬͳȥһһȥٵһ£Ȳˡ
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ôȥճ군
ʦүһֻܵͷ
ʳͣﻹճɶԡ


177 
лһֿ˼, ͷȽݵĵطѾ͵һˡ
㻹ûͣ, лһ־ȥ˹͹˼һ 
õİ취Ǿ޽ˮ, Ѵڵ֮ǰꡣ
¾ѾôˮȵѴڲʱʲô
Ҫλлĳڴлˣһţлһ־ľϹ
ˣԸΪлһһ¹Ӿϱ̬˵
˼ҵѾʼڹ￪ʼӻлһô˵ͱȻ̫
ҲʾӲǲ, ˿, ǵģҶ, ˶֪Ѿлһֱӵǲ
ʦүҲһԹš
лһ־ͽԼļƻϸ˵һ顣
Ѿˮ̵ĵػ, һٸרҵСӣɸλ, ٶȽãˮǵҪ̡
û⣡
ǹΪǺʦүǶӦ¡
߹ȱľˡ
ܴʱûôˣǵ֪ΪļģйǮ, Ӧļ˿϶ﲻ
Ͳõġ
лһֻԽǶټ˵£ʵΪûа취һֱţԼиҪҪȥҲϳСˡ
ϸڶۺ֮󣬾ͽ齻ԹΪ, ˼ҺͺʦүЭлһǴʮҹĵĽ˱߹Ӫء
һӪͱ뵽һܷĴС
ˣϽҵҽʵûˣòٴֵæҶĵǳɳƣһǺöûϢˡ
лһҲϻ׼ҩ׼𣿡
Ҷͱˣ
Ǿͺã
Уһſľһˣ˻δѵҶ塣
ݵĴ󽫾ʱȴ԰²ѡ
ߣҶүлһֽˣͷ
лһæкҶүү
Сӣ
ҶүүҶ
ҶүҲû˵ʲôԼվһԡ
лһûҶ
ʵڸ˵ʱлһ־ͱһΣ˴ľŽ˿ڸãҶ嵱ʱҲѹˡ
´˿ڽҲ´߶Ϊڱ߹ս½ţҶûЪϢ˴ս֮˿Ѹٶ񻯣ڻ·Ͼͻˣ̧֮Ǳղˣˣȴһֱѡ
ҽ޲ߣвܳʱ˧Ҷүӵлһֹ
Ҷлһ־֪ⲻһܹκõģԲ˳СӶദͬʱ
İ취
ΪʹлһܲܽӵһԣϾǹ¡
£֣֮ΪҶ񻯣ѾӰ쵽Ϊ˲Ż²ѡ
ԥӣҶȥŰҩԼȡΪҶʩ롣
˿ڶ񻯵ĵطֻӶ񻯵ٶȣĹȴ൱ʹġ
ҶڻУҲǱ۵ֱð亹ֻǴʼգҶ嶼ûгһ
֮лһҲ
ͬ£ԼĻʹҩ治һܹͦõĳ̶ȡ
ʩ֮ҩԸɾĲ̶סһҩãһҩȥ
һУлһѾ󺹡
ҶҲû⡣
ҶүӣҩѾȥ䣬þãôѪҪҪŪֹѪģ
лһҡͷҶүүģЩҩãÿĸʱһҩҩЧӺֹסģ
Ҷүһ
˱ҪǻһֱѪֹǻ˵á
лһֵ⻰ҶүҲͷˡ
һлһ־ûлȥ
ؼҸţֻæҪæС
ܿͻˣӴ˹¸׼ĳʳͻϴӻ˵չ˺üˡ
ڼ˲ȥҪлһֻ治ô˵
һ졣
磬Ҷ˹
˶ǳһ
лһ˵ްˣһֱѣʵ˵ǲѡ
֪лһδһΪβҶڱιһʳ֮εգգ۾
˵
һֱ죬û֪ûʶһѣҶ˵ġ
ɸ°ǲҶ
лһæҶϱ𼱣ȵˮٷһҩ˵ˣʱµȦУ
ֻҲü֮š
лһ⻰ҶȻƽ˺ܶࡣ
лһ˵Ĳֺһϡ֮ҶѾܹ˵ˡ
Ȼǳɳơ
һԺܾˣЩ¶æˣ
ҶһƵҡҡͷǱ߶ţΧȦȻǱߣԼû£һЩ˾͸ɲߣ
ҶɫֻҰ
ҶүʱûĵæʲôأҲ᳤ˣȺ˵һְٰ㲮
ҶүѵһͨҶȻûôżˡ
ЩżҲûãĶˣżҲⰡ
лһǰҶ
лһֵѾˣʳ亣ʣ
ʲôͻȻģҶʵ
лһ֣ص
лһȻǼ򵥵˵һ£˵Ǿ仰ֻ˳ˣҶһʲ߹֮أ˵ˣϺеġ
Ժˮȶ޺ˣˮһЩϺҲǲܵ¶
лһôֵʱҶ롣
ֶܷҶһæҶʮ߹л㣡
лһһµҶ뽲
ܲܰҲҪʲô²ǣ
Ҷ忴˿ҶүӣҶүһ¾͵˵ͷ
ȻҶſڡ
ԭѺͶݳ·ϱ˸Χˡ
·ݾӦõݳ·˻û͵ҶҶӰǰȥӦ֪ˡ
ݲǱ߹شĻҶôܲ˱ǰ֧Ӧ
ֻۿžҪӮˣսҶҾû¹˭ȴǱ͢һֽˡ
ǻ´ģҪѺйٲκʧﴦ
Ѻ͹оģҶӰǺȥӭӵģʧǾǲӲ
ӲĽ϶Ϊ飬Ȼͳս
Ҷʿ䣬ǰȥӦֻǣΪйٸս¡
ҶˣҲΪйٵԭ 
Ѻ͹ûʧˣݻ汻Χء
ЩֻΧǰȥӦҲӦսֻҪشȴǲ㡣
ռó࣬·ҲߣټϴʱˮԽԽ࣬ôȥЩݿܾͳ׵ıˡ
ֳĵطݻ÷ù
ΪҶż˻ǵûгɹԼӸ
ʵû취ˣҶ忴лһˣ˼ǰӾǴݵˡ
ǸʱΪв̫ʦĶӣʹһֱ˲ǣлһɼԲΪݷ˳ġ


178 
ֻ, ֱ, Ҳû֪лһֵʱЩô˳ġ
ʱ˾, ͵ʱ̫ͬˣҲΪˣԲŴлһһ°취
ܹӾôԶ˹οεĻһЩֻﱻ˸Χš
лһ֮΢顣
취
Уֻûá
Լһ˹ȥܸ˻, ¶ܰ찡
ԼҩֲռǱ컹, Բ˵ġ
һЩ۷ǿġ
ЩлҲͱ߹صĽʿϤ, ˵лһܹʹô, ͽʿǵĪĹϵġ
ŵЩж٣
ҶϴεҪ٣, Ѻٵһ̨·ߴˣҪҲᡭ
ϴξֵһȥ˵Աϴ˵򵥡
лһ֮ȴһ·ߴ, ôɣȻѺйô׾ͽ·ߴˣһӵһ̨Ҳûߴ
˵ǹġҶүȻ̧ͷ
лһæʲôҲû˵
ֻǲ¶ѣ²ⲻİɣ
Ҷүӣ
Ҷ壺
Щ쵰ŪˣҶȻҲˡ
εйǻˣټϻ粻, пܡ
ôԭΪǵݷϵ¾ˣҲԲϣòˡ
ҶǺĿ
лһ֪ҶѾ³˭µˡ
̫ʦ̽ӣʦ֪ôҶ˿϶Ҳ֪ˡ
ٿҶҧгݵҲˡ
һĲص湻ģ
ˣ˰Ҷүӳ̾Ϣһ
лһüͷôҲ𣿡
Ҷүҡҡͷûô򵥣
лһҶүҲˡ
λصлȻҲȫȻ֪ġ
˵һ䣺л˿˵ռū
лһֵͷ
״ԪҲǰ׸ġ
Ҷүӵԭ 
лһľ 
ռū
Ĵڣ̫ˡ
ҶڴϿɬ죺λõԼҪˣǿ˰
Ҫ˵úˣҶү۾һɵʾһҶ
ҶȥӪſڣŲԶѲԱûκ쳣ַ
ҶεĵֻˣҲ첻˰
ڵЦЦֻʾһˡ
һЩлһԽľԼͲӦ
ġ
ôϢЩ̫
ҶӪʣֱ˴У
öĽʿѵ
һҶָŶѻһԵĳӵֵܰæһϴεԲɲڣ
лһ֣κǴβһЩǶϤйˣǶǵˣ
ҶһģǱ˶ΧֻҪҸײȥǲᶯֵģҪǵݣͽЩ˶ˣ̫ɶˣ
ͬģǸϼһҲ֪̫ݣŻڵӡ
϶ųȥҪݷϵ
ܲ˲һķϵ񲻸ã
ҶԼָ죬лһ浣һ᲻ˡ
лһֿЩܣԴҲڿš
Ȼǹˣܹæð취á
ѺݵĳܺЩһ𣿡
Ҷĵǰһģһģҹģֻǵʱһ־ͶѷˣɷƷˡ
ҶҪټ²ЩʣĳܣлһȴͻȻЦ
Ҿո˵е 
ҶҲΪЩƷӦȥջǰɣ
лһֲҶٵ²۾͵ĵĳһЩѺݵһҲԣ
ɶðջֱȥӪͲô鷳Ҷ
лһ֣
ôȥˣҶٵ뷨ôֱӰ
²۹²ۣҶȻȥˡ
Ժջʱ£
ܿҶپû²ˣΪлһǰæɻˡ
ˮ̵Ľ̫һٸСӳ֮ЧԼ졣
ֻǣ©ҲͦԣͱҪѵǵʯͷͲãΪ˼ӿȣлһ־Э˱߹ؽʿæЩ
˶Ȼð¡
̨ΧСɽϵʯͷܿͱ˹ۿˮ޽ٶȼӿ졣
ֻ̨ΧܿҲӦˣֻܵԶĵطȥ
ʮһϣ̨ǰʮصһɽƻͨġ
ͣкźӵϸΪҪʯͷԭ
ڲԶļôϣʮӰĵĶЩȻĿʯͷĵطš
һĶǺڲֻ¶ֻˮĴѪ˿۾
ˣ˰
ûиұһ£͵ЩҪЩݳߣϾк˹
ȫû뵽ǣǰЩ˹ʯͷʼʯͷ ڲԶŵݳŵҲûˡ
ΪŵҲæʯͷˡ
˵׬벻ȻҪߣһͷ
׬һͷֻĵﶢûκζݳ϶ѡ׬Ӱ
ݳֻǿţ滹һأҲ˲ߡ
ԣӸտʼһ뿪ʯͷУѾȫһˡ
ݳˣһĿʯͷˡ
սᣬһһأ
ϵں˶ЩĽˡ
꿴Լۺˣȴǽӵ׼κεʧ󣬱붢ˡ
Ҫô죬۾϶Ϲ
۵ģҲ۲ġ
ʯͷƺ֪Щ˵ĴƵģһһʯͷװϳʮͿʼ̨ȥ
ʮո̣ϵĺ˾ͽӵϣ
ǣ
ȻĿʮʯͷ͵޽ˮĵطж£ٴظϡ
ˣ
æҵطԼװĴź±ǲŸأ
ָų㱨֮ٴͣĴڵĴ
ۣ
𿴻ṦҲһֱôڡ
˼ڳϣأȴǱҪʱ̵עԼΣûͣķȥҲ˰
ǻЪϢ
˭֪ΪʲôЩһϵĶ˯İûͣĿɰ˰ģ淳
ҲУöţʱ׼ֹ
ֵǣЩֻʯݳͺûһ·Ҳûж࿴һ۵ġ
Ҳȸļˣ׬ԼӺͳ͢Ͳȥȣǿ϶Ǻ׾ܹ֪ѡһˡ
̫ױȽϵó
ֹ죬ʵڲžˣֻ˶ţ߸˶ȥ˯ˡ
ôȥ˵ˣԼҲù
ƣǣ϶Ҷˤôȥпᱯҵıˤˡ
ԣµ˾ǰϢ
꣬ҲҪ׿Ķࡣ
ֻҪǿݳû˳ȥЩʯͷİİͲùˡ
ôһЩ˾ܹϢˡ
ЩɿЪϢʱ򣬱ǺԵЩɵʵʵݳλãһӰСĵĴݳΧʱʱĻܹݳζ£ֻʼնûп˸ݳߣҲûˡ


179 
, ɫһ
һ, 衣
΢Զһ㶼վڶ, жɣ
ɽкܶھɽԶϣʮźµ˸ǲͣĨϵˮ
ϴҪҪһӣЩһﶼߣ
أ죬ЩҹҲ군ˣǾԲ, ޣ󣡡۶ˡ
˵, ȴǣ
ô꣬ЩһҲͣĸɻ, 굽Ǯȥˣ
˵ĺ˲֨ˡ
Ҳ, ǲȥˡ
һôҲܸʲôģʱȥĶ, ԶԶĶŵˡ
Ѿôã⼸졣
ԽԽЩݳŶεЩƮҡˡ
ڣĨһϵˮ֮, û˹ȥˡ
ڶ죬졣
죬£ոɽϢġȣ
ȣ
ݳŵĵط, һƬƬĻ죬ܿȼˡ
ڻԽԽʱ˷ˡ
ݳˣ
ˣ
Ȼ𰡣
ɱģ˭꿾˰
вôõ쿾𣡡
ȥŪˮ
زٰǷǵñɣϽȥˮȻ𰡣
һ˾ȣһ໰Ҳһݱճɻҵʵ
ȫһÿ󶼻᳷겼
ԴݱȦ֮ϰߣǽ쵹ãƿѣȻŻˡ
ôŵأ
û˿
һֱߵĺ˸Ƕ׵ɵˡ
ûô¾ˣϸʱ򣬻̫󣬾Ѿˡ
Ȼȥʱ򣬾ֻʣճɻҵĵ棬һġ
ûôݳһţܾŹ֣ûԱˡ
ʱЩݹٶԱ߲ʯͷš
һϵĴŽѺݵһֵͷȥʯͷˡ
ϵĺˣԴˣȻȥʯͷĴ
ûݳҲûбҪٶˣĵĳˡ
˲Ÿճ룬Щʯͷ˾͵õϢˣȻһӶͣĻݳȼյĵطȥ
߹شӪĿⷿһӾͱˡ
жûйôԣˡ
ȵˣֽһжѾˡ
лһѾĵĻصԼʹæˮ̣˵Ҳ֣رãһҲû¹
üӿ칤̽ȣˮٶȣۿɼٶ˺ܶࡣ
ˮÿ춼С
˵ϱ̨ǵȴǲôǵлء
ճ׵лؿ϶ˣûĶæ
˭˵лһ仵ȥ˺˺
һǳԱůʹĵطĽĽأȻ˵˺Щ˺ 
Ҫ˵ǻϵС
߹شӪ֮ҶүӾ˷ųϢΪЭ߷һʿ޽
Чʸˡ
ǽҶҾĺԶ
ãҶүӺֺǡ
лһҲֺǣ˰æȻǺõġ
޽ʱȻҲɳ͢ˣȻʱߵʹˡ
ʹ˾ǳ͢ģȻЩӶԼ֮˵ġ
޽ˮͬʱлһ˳ȥɹһЩ˵һʵ飬ܲ
ѾСײ簡СܲģлһֵҲһЩЦݡ
ѲӵĹолһɵʱ
ڿµ˶ܳԵñܹжֲһЩ߲Լˡ
Ȼˣ˲Ҫġ
⼸ÿ궼мĵͶģлһȫǽհ
Ȼˣּ˻Ҫġѵһµġ
ǲμӹġѵˣȫʾԺ϶úøɻϡ
ġѵԺҲμˡ
ڡѵĹйܳԹסӣζǲܡ
ǴӾϵģǴƣϵģɻǱ˺ܶࡣ
һΣ;Щɻģֱ̫ˡ
ԣ̨һҲûҳġ
ǲ룬Ĳңǡѵһ˶ٳܵڶΡ
лˣǵ峴СײˣζɺÿɺˣлһʹѲţڵɻԶʹк
лһֻӻ֣һ԰ɣѸóɣ
ǣˣ
ͿʼⷭҸ
Щ˵Ѳӵʱ򣬶Դģ׼ϰյκζǹ涨
ȻˣǿԵġ
˼ҸһǮĶһǮһȥԡ
ϺлһֽԼĸȡЦŵôɣļҵĳԵĲİԺͱˣһҲԲ٣
лһ֣Ӧõģ˲зչɣ˳Ĳ
Ūĺã֮ǰܹһЩˣĲóȥܻӭˣ̫Сôѹƣ
ԱߺʦүӻСʺóԣҪǺͶôһţ
Ҳ˶Ǯ˰ɣ
ϺһĨЦɲ
߳ԱţյҲǳɡ
ΧũҲΧ˹λʹᣬرУũҲϲλĽһЩ˵˵
Թ֮лһ־ȥ˵
Ĳ˺ʳȷʵոũǳԵ峴СײˣǼժСײˡ
ֻҪ겻µôϴһ绹׬һЩϺ
лһֿʦүʦүϵ˵עŵ㣬Ҫµ̫󣬾ջؼȥôҲóԼ죬ܱڵĺǲǣ
˵ҲǣҪ᲻ãٹµģ˾üǮˡ
һϺˣǱߵĻĵǿѳˣֵֻĶôãܹȥæ𣿡
ǼҲ˲٣ֵĲ˶رС߳ΪײпܻǰնƵϺҲ
лһֵͷ˹ȥ
ѻĵ˰лһ·ĵһʾһ
ȻˣҲͨ͢׼ġ
⼸꣬ÿ궼ѻĵأ΢ֵ㶫Լҵģֻ˭ϣһЩ
лһҲرĵģÿÿܰһЩֵĶطһ
Ϻ˵ƬĵأһСϵģСʯر࣬񶼼ֵ꣬ĲҲġ
˵ҩ֮ģĸĲˡ
лһֿ˿ΧһƬһƬһƬģΪѵԵʣֵĶ٣治ࡣ
룬лһ־͵λٴֵܹĺʵĶҲȥѰˣʵׯڲü٣Ǿطܶٵ׬һЩ˼ң˵أ
Ϻǰһ԰˵̫еˣ
ڵǸǷõҪԶĵطȥԼֵĻ̫ˡ
лһȴûж˵
ΪҪֵԹͲΪһЩͨĿǣЩлһֶģֻʱʲôĸΧʻûá
֮ǰҪȷŲС
ֻȥǵ˻ûл֪ܹѰ֣ԴʱҲ˵̫ࡣ
ֺũ˵һлһֲٵ󣬼ȥѲˡ


180 
صҳԹ, ͼ, ϱ¾˵Լҵļࡣ
ȫ, ۼҲߣټϹ˼ҺлһֵĹϵȻٲ˵ġ
лһָǽҩֲռĶȡһЩ
ӰײٵܲÿζóһַүүԺˣҲ˶롣
˹Ĺй˼̻ĵ, ڿæֺš
лһִҩĿռȡȻ, ˶һ֣лȢʢ˿ġ
˵ⶼǹ˼ҵ֧, óöôˣ
˼˶ƵĲҪҪġ
ЩͰ͵, ȴࡣ
òȥ£
˵Щǹ˼ȥĶûţ߹, ̻ǹ˼ˣ˵ǣ˭ţ
Ҳû취˼Ҿһҧṩġ
˭ҲǿӲҪ˼, οҲû˸ȥʸס
ʹǰ裬˼˸Ǻദġ
ֻܿ˼׬Ǯۺһ¶ѡ
лһ͹ȥˣԼҵĶġ
ùЩˣôô, ҪЩˣǾûûˣ
Цŵͷ๫˵ǣ
Ҫ˵ʱ򣬲ʲôҲ٣Щ˾ϲԼģ֡
˵ǺóԣԼҲû쳣
֪лҳԵĶһģǰ˺ܶࡣ
лһֵҩֲռĶһֱҲ쳣ʱ˿϶ҲԲˡ
๫Һ˵һ£ó׻ᣬ˼һЩˣǰһ£ǹ˴ɩͶʱģЩ¶ֱӺлһ˵
Ҫʲôתһ¡
лһ֣֪ôϵģôһó׻ˣ
ôһ˵ҲͲˡ
Ĵ£ҲһŮܹ֮ܵ˵ġ
߹صó׻Ѿγ
ǹĻΧģֻҪó׻ᣬÿζΪһǵĽࡣ
лһһҲģó׻ĵطԽԽһҲ󣬵ǻܹٽ߹صճɣֲΪ
ֻԴˮóףΪҪũ
£߹ʱǳԲůѾ׵ııˣԺȻԽԽá
߹صǸ϶ЦݣΪһʹ֡
˵ŻһСѾͷеſڴ
ٷˣˣˣ
˵ʲôӣ´ŵ
СѾͷ޹ʱ㷿ѾͷصģڵãȻʧģʵùЩա
СѾͷæٷˡ
үҲģүͷλϽȥ㣬˵ղˣ
ղ
㣿
лһֺ͹һ
лһʣô£ղô
ˣҲûղ棬ʱղ϶ʲô¡
ҪǺµĻСѾͷҲܼ
СѾͷСĵ˵˲ˤǱŵĲᣬүȥﰡȥ㣬ٷˣǲ˵ˣ
СѾͷ˵꣬лһѾҴҵǰԺȥ
ָָСѾͷĶͷ๫𣬶ʲô㣬㰡߰ɣҵǰȥţȥͽ
ŶСѾͷŹǰߣȻҲûҪȥ¶
ǰԺ
ղźȲ衣
ˣ겻ˣлһֽ֮󣬾ղ
ллˣ񣡡лһֵĵղҲݲٴε
Ѿ˵ȥСȥôֵǰأ
˴ղˣڼǰǼлһֵģȴû뵽δѾɳΪһſ
лһֺк˻Щˡ
ϣͽ˴ǰĿĽ˳
ʥϿͣл뾩ְ
ּлһֹµ
¾ǿҲҪӣӾǿּ
ּҪġ
˭Ҳ𰡣
ϣ˫л𣡡
лһٴк
һͬŵݷ
ٴ˵νְԭ
˿˲ŵҶʹлһ֣ΪݲűȫճɻˣԴɶλԲĳһ⣡
ҵĶԱߣҲܲˣʱͱˡ
ɰ
ǲҪˣ
ôԶӲôһ٣
۵棬ȴһҲ˵ˡ
лһæ
϶Ҫ˵׵ģҪһֱôܣµġ
æл㣡
ТΪȣ
ΪղҲ֪Ⱥġ
ҪΪԼһݿͽ˼ˣղҲεġ
лһݵߵֻǽְûµģ
أһסлһ֣ģӺ޲ðһֱס
ݺˣҪеĻϣӵˡ
Ҫ˵⼸лһֵæµҲлĸҳˡ
ѾǸʲ
ôҲͨ
ӵʹְСطȴã˵ﵱ٣˵Ǳġ
Ǻôû֮ǣأ
һɣֱӽ⼸ĵǳ׵̯
лһֵɵ˼ǽԵĹԱᶨĵ½ԣҪҪǲſˣҺ죬϶ΪҶڲģ
ˢ
ݿ޵ͨһӿˡ
Ѿ˵ˣѹ
л˵ǣҪл˵پͲֱ׽л˻ؾˣ
ҿĹﰡ
⣬лүӺͰ˽
һ˹лһֿޡ
ãһλλˣ
Һл־æµҪ϶λˡ
һʱԼ˸񵣱˵λлˡ
ڷȷֻǽְһ˵֮󼴿֮лڲˡ
ʱ̣ҪҲҪ׼һµġ
˵ȡ֤֮󣬼̣Լϣ
ΪղҲ˵˴߾еģݷ黹Ҫ෽ȡ֤С
ôһǸлһֶʱ䡣
ʹ黹ǲٵģټۿžҪˣҪʮֵע⡣
⼸ĿУлһ־ʹͺʦүҪŵĵطһ飬ĶҪˡ
һֵΣϰţó볷룬÷ķ顣
ģЩѾר˶ţֻǱߣһбʦү
Ѿתӵлһлһæĺײ֪ˡ
εĽְžͲȣҪһܹԱߵĻһЩ
лһȴǰ֣òţְѣ˵ˣ˵ȡ֤ų͢
Ǳȡ֤ĵطʱӣײǳ˳飬ҲͲ˵ˡ
лһ֣Ҫô򵥾ͺˣԼǶҪʥּġ



181 
ȡ֤һ, ǰ
ҪľΪԼǰǡ
ǻּؾ, лһǲ̨ǵġ
ȻϽ߹, ô϶ŻϵĴ㣬ҪǱԼȥˣ˵ˡ
ԲܸԼ鷳
ĻʺֱӺʦү˵
໥Э̨ãһڲҪΪҲڵʲô²źã
ײæ˷ģ׼̨Ǻл˲£
ǣ
ǱҲȻġ
лһֿԶͷ
ҶҾڱ߹פ, й˼̨ǵ, ˵ǲ̫ġ
ֻʲôʱܻ˵
ȻղǲлһֻҶҾ, ûһ˶Թݱյйκη
һҲû
, ˾Ĵ·ˡ
ֻǽְԲûнϼ, ˶뿪ġ
뿪лˣԶȥлһֵ֣ĵĲˡ
·˺ôĲŽ˸Ȱȥ, Ϊ͵Сޣºϣһȥǡ
ԼҲ뿪ˣĹֻġ
ԣѹû, ֻ๫ܹƽ
*
ǣǵ
ϽĳᣬһȴǸıյӡ
Բ̫ʦΪ׵һǲܲ˵Ĵɡ
ܣȫ˵ģ
֤֤лһ㲻ҪƱ磡
Ҷ֪Ϳ๦ߣǽʿ£ɲΪһëͷСڷͿ
ϲ˵˭Ϳأ£Ϊĳ̫ʦϳǸϺͿ
˵Ϸûô˵
˵ˣ
û˵

Դ
ͻͻۣЩϼһǧˣǳȴǺСƵģûû˵ظ

뽫Щ˶ϳȥ
ǲУû
һοʼֵʱ򣬻Ҳ̲סĿѵ⣺죡ղڣ
ݼ£һֱһԱԳ͸˵ڳˡ
ղʹϳû˿
̫ʦͶлһ޲Ͻлһִж˿顣
ҵĶԹΪв֪ģǷܵи֤ݰɣ
ղһףȻлһֱȴż˵ôһ֣ʱҶͲ̫ʦ
ַҲѹֻϻᷳꡣ
˵
˵壬飡
ǵһӰˡ
ǻᶪСġ
ǳɱлһĲ̫ʦҲò졣
˵ʵڵģոΪղѾ˵һˣֻʱûϸ
ܽлһֶУЩ鵽ĶûжϵڻϷˣʹũūĲ̫ʦҲֻš
˻ϣҲ̲źá
ǵõõϢ ҪˣԼҲóԲ˶ߡ
ֽڱ߹ز鵽˵һ顣
Ѿڱ߹ؿⷿ˲ʼʹãһ˽
ѵĵĿⷿҲѾ˲˱ûг롭
̫ʦӶˡ
յˣôܻ˵ģһϼһﱻˡ
ֻ̧ƤͿڹ˵Ļϣ̫ʦѹԼļꡣ
ûԼһ
ڵ˽ˣ̫ʦĵ£˵ѣ֤֤֤ЩȥѾ׵ջ٣յģ
ʱѾ̨ǵĿⷿܺ˲ˣ죡
ϣˣǶ˵ºʣ

־Ӧ꣬ڵŵ˼ˡ
ϵȴǼ̫ʦڮٱղΪϳ
ͨ
˹
лһҲ򵹣Ϊ
ҶȻ󣺡
һ˲š
̫ʦˡ
϶ˣǴǱû˹ȥϣеҪ˸ﲻС
ܿˡ
ȴò̫ʦĲ㷢쭡
ǣûκ쳣ͷŽǰѺ͹ȥҲܶԵϣ
ûˣôܶԵϣⲻ˵Ϲ
ڻ֪ŵǻϡ
̫ʦֻѹԼŭʩ񣺡֤ϵ֪ǿɸ֤ʣ
ϣʣҶлˣλΪأ
Ҷ忴һԵлһ֡
лһ֣飬ֻϣ̫ʦ˵֤ȷʵ֤
ҶҲкβң
лһֵοԶھǵĲ̫ʦˡ
֤ʲôģ˭˭
̫ʦһҲüͷ
лһ˵ĻĺܾûлȴҲı䲻ʲôˡ
ΪѾ֤ϵˡ
̫ʦ˵֤һʮ
˶˹ȥлһֺҶҲˣûκα飬ȴЦ
ʮ˾Ȼ
ҹܹһˡ
ǿǻյĿˣҪһ꣬ǻ𻹵պüأ
ʮͬԼ֤ϻѺ
ǽǵο˵ĶԼۿʵ
лһֺҶͺûƵվһԡ
һֱϿڣлҪ˵
ոյ̬ȲȣʱĻ˵Ļȴ൱ˡ
лһر£֪ʮ˵ʲô˼
Ŷϸϸףϵ
лһֵּ
˵עУлһֻʮ˵ǰʮ˶ˣ
һģ˭֤˵ģ
ǻģôûκεˣ
ʯͷĵطǣǱ߹ԽԽã˵ʲô޹˰ɣ
˵ڴϣ˵ǾϽһһӽʮ˵ĹǵԼ˲ιأǺںδлһڱ߹Ϊ꣬ûܽ˵أ
ˣ
ҲָɫҶΪΣ
ȣл˵ҲǱģǵ˵ҶϽŻϵĻ
ûлһСӾǸ˵ģ
˵Ҳ˵ʵˣ˳лһֵĻͷȥˡ
Ҷôһ˵Ҳ¡
ǿԽˣ
ʮɵԭء
ôͣ
ܲ˵ǽ˲̫ʦĻﶢŵİɣ
Щۿģôﻹ֤أ
֤Լۿģʮһ֤
Ҫô죿
̫ʦ̫ʦȴһԲǡ
أ̫ʦҪһҲ˵οҲ֪ô˵ˡ
ǲЩȥġ
ΧΪҪݷϵɱͷĴ
̼ҵŮͶӶˣҲû˺ñˡ
ֻҪԼϣǻϾͲô
ҪϢ ÿأ
ô˵ˣ
ݡ£֤ȻȼյݳоǱ߹ؽʿսûݱ˰Ǹͷ˵
ͷģתҲ졣
Ϊᱻ佱ȴһĿ
һֲԤС


182 
Ȼ֮ǰûڵ, Ҳٽ⻰˵ˡ
Ƶĵȫ, ʵ
̫ʦ, 
̫ʦôʮ˵ĻǶ֤￴ģ˭ܹ֤ʱǾֳ
ۿģ
˭ܸ֤֤أ
ʮ˳ɵס
ôܣ
֤֤
ĶС
֤Уֻ˵ԼǿģһʮˣʵҲȷʵǡ
Щ˵ĶҲǡ
εҶлǽְ, Ҳʮȷû˲Ÿ, ҪͷжŸǰհ
֤Լ￴Ҫñ֤, Ѱˡ
ܲ˵Լ͵͵ŵİɣ
͵, , 
ĻñˣϾܽǸˡ
̫ʦʱ뷨ûõҲУûˡ
ο, 
ΪˣŻҶлһ֣뵽Ȼôһ
ⱻɹȥȻһ˵һģοڲ̫ʦҲ棬Խ, ԽҪʵʵ˵
˲Ϊ
˵˵
ֻͣµ硣
˿ӱǰ߹ȡ֤
ǰˣʮ˻һأֻҪǱչĵطˣǾͲ֤ʲô˰ɣ
ֻôҲ벻ǸչĵطͱڳһӣʯͷϣγһȻˮˡ
ȻˣлһҲûʮڡ
ڻʵкµʱлһ͵ｫʮ˸ˡ
Ҳ״Ǹ浽ʷ̨
ڳŵľǻϣС»õͼݻ
ֻԸ浽ʷ̨Ǵ£Ҳԭġ
Ȼʮ͵ˣôΪʮ˵ӵĲ̫ʦȻҪģʷ̨ˡ
ǫѸٵĴһۣ滹һлһǰۣһۺϣɲöʮ˵ġ
ϿֱӾ̫ʦԼ
̫ʦɫˢľͱˣϳ֪
дʮҪݻݣѲӵлһִ£׽õĹһикֽʮ˸ӭˣʧȥϢ
лһΪ˱⻵Ӵܣдһʷ̨Щ֪ˡ
Ϊʮһȥ̫ʦѡ
ʮˣ
ݻ
̫ʦ
ţöˣ
д̫ʦǧã
ǽ̫ʦŵĲιȥ
ϻأɲϡ
֮󣬻Ϊ
Լ̫ʦȻ϶ҪãԼ
ϵĲأοʱ
˲̫ʦһͽԼȥˣϳ֪
û˲̫ʦĵʮ˾ôűն
ֱʮ˵źˡ
֪ͲôҧŲˣܹ黹пСİɡ
ֻǣǮ֪
Ӳ̫ʦӻûõأôˣ˵Լԩûš
֤֤δȷ
лһֺҶֻھǡ
ȻǲڴʱȥҲֻܰĴھǵϢˡ
һڽһʷǻټʳ
ҲǱ
лһֲûţԼνݸûκصĶʦ˵ˡ
ԭЩû˵ʵǳܣҶЩǺݳһģ겼Ӵǿ϶ǿյˡ
ЩݳЩŵ˲עʱˡ
ݳҡŵʱ򣬾ڸˣȻˣлһԼġ
ҩֲռڻܿľ͸ˣ⻰Ȼǲ˵
ֻԿôĻΪյʱǷεȼġ
ҪֻľܺӸͲա
Ҳò֪˿ͦ𾪵ġ
ϾôһƬء
ɹȥղҪʲôҲô׵¶
չĵطѾˣ˵ĻҲµصϵģɲ˷ˡ
ȥʲôҲ鲻ģѾˣЩʯͷҲˣֳҲûпʲôҲûˣô飿
ɳʯͷҲȥ޽ˮ̣ˮǱ˺ܶ࣬Χȫʯͷģʵ
ν֤Ͳܴڣлһ൱ɡ
Ȼûʲôлһ־ʦæѰһЩӡ
߹⼸ѾܹԹ㣬иķչռ䡣
ʳӻ߲ӶҪҩӺҲźܴȱڡ
ʷ˶˵ľ͸˹Щ˶ǾǰȥģرϤص
лһ֮󣬾ǰŹӡ
ӣȻǵȻȥʱʹʳ
Ȼˣڻлһȸ渶ˡ
ھǴһһ²ŻȥΪǰȥҵղѾˡ
Ϊ˵ʵûκ⡣
˲̫ʦɢ֮ȴ˲̫ʦ鷿뿪̫֮ʦͳƲϳˡ

֪
Ǳˣ
лһ𾩳֮ǰʦ鷿˵
˵Щǰ̨ǣҲлһֵ鷿ȫˣЩûκεӰ졣
лһЦ
϶ʲôӰ찡
ӰѾսռˣȻҷ棬Ǿǲ±˿ġ
ʷûʣΪЩŴ඼ȥģ뷨пǱѧˡ
ֻ˵µʱǫЩˡ
лһֵͺͲѧһƷԱҲǿ˵õģȴȢ̻֮Ů⻹ʷͬġ
ܾԼѧˡ
лһȴǲôΪ
ȻǸʱرͻȻģʵڴ֮ǰʦڸͨŵʱ򣬾ᵽ
ȢȢͣҪ֮Կɡ
ʷ˸лһֵĽ顣
лһڿ˵ǹ˼ҹ£úҲӦˡ
ǴӲӦʦᡣ
ٴ˵ǫŸԭ
лһֵĵ̫ᡣ
ţᣬΪ
οлϵǸξڣ˵ʱ޿̵Ķᱻϸעš
ϣΪ״Ԫ꣬лһֻûб׽ɹʵҲǻȺæԵʡ
ֻǫһǲܱȫġ
ϲлһֺͳ͢ϵ̫ôȻЩֶΡ
Ҷϱһũ֮Ů׵ʱ򣬻ϻʹ˺öĶҶ˵Ҳڳ׺˹ȥ̵ģǫ˵һԡ
лһ־ס
˴ֻܵͷ
ҶһֱھģǸչ˵Ĳʦ˵벻Ȼũ֮Ů
ȫ
ͬʱлһҲ϶һ飬ϵĲģرأ
´μ治֪ʲôʱܹټ棡
лһֿЦŵڽֹ뾩
ǻ뿪ʱ˵ġ
ȻʷҲ֪ġ
˵⻰ʱʷҲһԵģֻ˵ҲǶͽܵĵǡ
ԽԽĻʵۣĸҲԽԽء
ǫļѸٵлһֵĶ˵һ仰ȴлһ


183 
̫ӻǰ, ã
Ǵ£ᱻɱͷĴ¡
˵Ѹٵ뿪, ĵΪʦ˸ʦּ˶ߵʱһߣҲ˸ˣر߹أ·ǧҪǣ
ʦ, κεģлһֵ, ʦؼ̽׵, Ҳˡ
Щڵʱ򣬹˼ҺлҶ˹
ǫֻ, ϾһԶڱ߹أһºӴǱ͹, ֮»̸ϡ
лһְֽ, סľһ, ʷܹиʱ׼ˡ
лһ˵ǲ, Ȼûеסʷ˵Ϊ
ߵʱ, лһһĶߵġ
*
̫ʦ
϶, ָĶУһģ˹ڵϵ
˶лһ, ֻҪһؼҼ, ˷ɸ봫飬ϷҪ̫ʦȥˡ
һ
ǫʲôϷ
˶ʷģ⼸ǫϼһ߹ص൱Ƶ治ȥлһֵϵ, Ȼûҵ˵İѱˡ
ʲôҲȻӡ
ĻûӣͲˡ
ǻлᣬлһ겻磬νְȥкܴܻ档
ʱ򣬺ߣ
ظϵлһ֣뾩֮ͣžǷй֮񣬶һͷºӴڵĵطѸٵĳŵȥǷ̨ǵķġ
ǲ̫ʦ֪лһֻǿͷ֮󣬱ˤҵʧ˺Щ
ΪжĵȻҲңˡ
ûа취ˣлһûȥ·϶ûжͣ٣¶ûңֻԼ
лһҲǺ˵µģʱҲֻһЦʦ˵ûһǷϻȻʦڣȻ⣬Ҳضӡ
ǲؼ
ȫû⣬ү̺͵ﶼ̨ǣÿҲΣûзǵûȥɵɡ
żҵķһݣҲΪ˺⡣
;ص̨ʹлһȴǱˡ
ڼԭȵһշʱѾǱѵġ
ô£лһһصңͼ˻ûȵ˵أͱүүˡ
Ķ湻ġ
ϲԺöȣʮӣ˵Щΰ֮ģʮֵȫ
Լȥһ˾ǣôͶЩأ
лүԲЦŵ͵ģʥּҶ˵ʥּҷţ÷﹩ţ˵ǵ֪ô죿
ô찡
ʥּ
лһֵлүӹ£꣬ϣűϹϾĽϵʥּС
лһˡ
ȷʵʥּһǺǸǰ鷽һµղģЩҲһġ
ȻҲǰȥԼӣúõ˺ܾò뿪
үүôһ˵лһ־ˡ
ԼžǸʱߵģȻֱûˡ
ЩҪûбԼô
лһ˦˦ͷûһжûܵӰ졣
ʥּ˫ŵүүʥּǹԺǽ»ʱһؼң
桭ģôһ𣿡лү۾Щʪˡ
ңҶ
ûвԼļҵġ
ˣеʱ˯ţҲϼңǵֵĲݶرС
лһֵͷĵģǿ϶лᣬүүţ
лүӻǾȣţߣȥã
ΪⱲǻزȥˣ˵лᣬǾͿ϶С
ȵ£궼ˣ
ʥּãֽʹĶһ£ү̵ķﶼһ£ܲܶ
򵥵İź˼лһ־ȥš
뿪ôãЩҪʵġ
һһصĵ˼£кʦүЭһж
ˮൽ£ҿ̵Ľȿ죬ʱ˴á
Աطˮֵغ߹Ǻƽˡ
ǿˮѾӽβлһֳһ
ˮ깤иˮҲˣҰճˮӵķ㡣
³ˣһó׻Ὺʼ
Ҳһ죬ˮ̳깤
Ѿ뿪Թ˼ΪСȴȻæβ
ˮ깤ˣ̨ǵĲ·ȴҪӹƽ
Ҫ븻·
仰ǫ̃Ҳǳʵá
ˮ֮̽󣬹ΪʹСӵ˽̨ͨǵĹٵһ¡
ó׻ϵ뿪ʱ򣬽ޣ˵ó׻׬Ķ࣬Ծ·Ҳƽ̹˺ܶ࣬Ҳûôˡ
лһ֮Цͦġ
ЧˣԺֻԽԽá
лһָˣ
̨ǵ˸ˣ
߹صнʿˣ
ܹĸˣ
һȥлһָæˡ
̨ǵԽԽ࣬ó׻¼ʼкܶǰ͹ˡ
һ࣬Ͷ̨࣬ǸõҲųȥϴٵá
ĩһϵæµ
лһڸæµţͱгȥˣһֽ˵ˣţˣżͷ󺹵ģӦм£ֵҲ˵Ѿ˺þˣʲôʱпգ
Ŷɣ±ʣ̧첲һ¡
ôЩҲͦģ첲۵ģͻȻЩͬʵˡ
ֻһ̨ǵʹôæµ˵еطĻˡ
ڸλҲװ
ܿ죬ͽţˡ
ˣٷεˣϽȥһˣţһͼæ
лһˢľվô£СѾͷǸʲôԵģ߱˵
¾ʹӺӾʹûڼͼҲദرǢ
ϱ֮ìʲôûм˵νļаûܹԼϱͦõģôεأ
·ţҲ˵Ĳ̫˵ٷ˺Ϸ˻˵ŻͻȻεˡ
Ϸȥˡ
лһֶ˵Ҹȥ
һţͱţϱ֪ϷǶԼ

ҪصĻôﲻأ
ҴҵĵӣȴǼǲ٣үү̺͵ﶼڣֻÿ˵϶űѹŵЦݡ
ڴεİŵĹҲһģΣϵЦ⻹Ǻԡ
лһһ¸һֽԱߵͷùǵԼȥˡ
һԵ⺢ӿɱԼôģɵСĶӣ
˵Żͽڹϵͷÿˡ
֪̣µСЩЦĶࡣ
лһ֣ͷͶʲôϵ𣿡
лһֲʡ
꣡
ֳ
µˡ
лһգգ۾үү͵ϣõһЩʾ
λʹСڳӦǵһǵķ
ڿлһֵ֮лүӺл־ȴǲԼͬվ
лүӣ˵˵ɣӴã
л־˵ǣ
Ȼүһ߳ţлһֵԵûˡ


184 
лһ֣ǲԼ
ʲô
ֻÿ̺ߡ
ûлһֵ̫, ݾȲù˵ԭ
ݣ°Լ˵
Ҳ, ĴϲǵС˵У
˫ˡ
»ˣҺﰡȳȥ˵˵һЦĳȥˡ
ٳŻҲˡ
лһߵߣҰѰ, Ҳרְ, ҽǲģ
, ֻǣֻǡߺܾˡ
лһֵע֮, ٴοڣ๫Ҫˣ
лһ֣Ŷʲô˵ҡҡ
һ̵лһҲû, ָָԼı, Ҳ˵˳ˡ
лһָԼַԼĸһ, ˵, Ҫ, Ҫˣ๫, 𣿡
ƽ̹ĸûв, ȴС, Լĺӣ̫ˡ
лһǰûкӣڵ֪ԼҪʱǱˡ
, ˵лһȻȻĽ§˻ܿ϶ĵˣлл㣬£ˣ
ǹµͷĵл
Լĺˣĸˡ
кģлһֶԼϱϵĵл
лһֵļͷ࣬Ըģ
ôöһֱûжĵġ
ܼ˴ûûԼȴǲûбϿôƽ
ţһûһĽŻ֪ôž˯ȥˡ
ѹ֪ԼΪеԵʡ
ߣ˯
Сһϱߵı֪˴ԼӣܹԼԤڡ
ڿŹ˯֮лһֲŴǰ
˶أϺݸǸ߸˵Ľ˳
Щԭ˽ðģϾǸʱµĶһֱûжԾûС޿
֪ˣͿԹðˡ
лһֿЦݵļˣֻЦẉ̂żģԤڴԼĩ³ǻкö׼أ
̫żˣһһĲҲ̫ˡ
лһ־Ҫü˲żʱǰµ׼ˡ
֪⻰˵ͱһֱļлүӸˡ
СӶɶ϶Ҫǰţʱ̺ǰ׼ˣ
Ҳû¸ɣϡЩæȥ
ݣЩ
ɫĲɶʱ
ϣҲСӰ޻ŮǶ׼ˣۣ
лһ֣˵ɶ
˵£
˵ŮʲôģлһֻЦЦ
Ҳ
Լĺӣ϶ۡ
»ˣĻʳһӸˣۿϱۿɼٶɰлһָŵˡ
æϱԺúȺǱҪģҲܱʳҪʱǲС鷳
ûҽԺôȫ豸Լҩֲռ˲֥ʲôҲһɵó
ԣĽǱġ
һֱлһֵĻ๫˵ľǶԵġ
ο๫رͣ٣ҽᣬҲرעˡ
ܰϺݶΪԺ˯þõģҲͲסлһСļ֡
лһ־ܹÿγԹ̺֮ͻϱ࣬һһţΪһɢ
ʵһֱĶŹ£·ʱš
лһֻܸں濴ˡ
ˣԵԼôˡ

³ʷǫиȡ֡
кл顣
Ůͽлʫ
׺лһںʦͨоᵽԺ͹˵һӣ־ʦȡ
ⲻȥźʦһ˵ˣʦϾ͸˻ش
ǫͱ˺öˣġ
лҴлһһѾʼҫͥΪһǿ϶ġ
ܹΪ͸ˡ
ȻˣŮҲû¡
ǫԼûкӣѾлһֵԼĺлһ˵ʷ˸ûѣû˵ȡѡġ
ΨһģȻҲǶһ޶ġ
Դˣл˶Ϊ൱á
ܹʷ˸ȡ֣Ǻӵ¶
СȻͽлүӡ
Ϊ֪СﻹСŮлүһֱû˵ԼҪСʲôֻ˵֮ٸǡ
İҲû˵
ḷ́
ûܻʡס
Ϊһ췢ˣ
ۣ
һӤ쳹ʹΧ
ϲүӣϲлүϲʹˣĸƽǸޣŴЦűϲ
л־ĵͣ
ллүʹ˻ܽȥϴܿˣ˵꣬סҪӵлһ֣תӡ
лүлˣ
лһͣ˽ŲֻҪȥϱ
Ȼ˼ʱýȲˡ
Ϻݶڡ
⻹λţһǸոճȥӡ
˶̨Ľţں֮ǰѾԼ˵ģۿŹ¿쵽ˣ˹һֱסʹģʱȥ붼ʡˡ
ʰ֮󣬹¿Լ˯СޣĴȰ۽ǻڻ
๫Ķӣлкˣ
һڸɲܿޣӼҪע⣬ˣǸ˵¶ǲǣ
ûʣȴǷǳܹˡ
ܵļ尾ϱ࣬ǳܹϱڵ뷨
Щĵ֪Ҳˣ
ͶˣȵˮһٺȼְŹ²˲ϵĺ۽ǵ
һ϶һǵļЩ̣
µͷڽӵİæֳˡ
궫¾Լֻˡ
ով֮󣬲ˮǼرĸ
ϱźӵ棬лүӺл־ӣͼתˡ
ڿŰϱСһʱү۾תˡ
Сɭӣүү
Сɭӣүү
СɭӣлС
лүӵĽǣСΪֲſ״ԪģȻǱãԶһľ֡
⻰лһֱʾϸ˾ͺã
үΧźӡ
лһǽŹµ֣ϱˣ𣿡
£ˣ
ǲܵģ
ȴľǿԺԵġ
˺ͷ۵ôˣ
ο๫ôĶҲֵˡ
ǿģ̱źӳȥʱ๫͹ˣûҪܹȥӵġ
Цŵ๫ȥǵĺӣСһ
֪лһȴǵԺ󿴵Ļǣȿ㣬ϱ˯ᣬոˣ
µĵǱһۡ
๫˳Լ֪㣡


185 
ҪǽһֱŲý, лһʱĽкʱοġ
Ҳȷʵˣлһֵע֮, ²һʹЦ˯ˡ
лСɭӣһӾͱĲһˡ
лүϷٵ£ĶСɭӡ
ԭŵһλлһ˲ͽڶλĸƾӹĹ¡
û, Լιĺ, 뿴Сɭӿ϶Ҫҵ
Դ, лһֺǺǵĽˡ
һԼϱһԼ, ൱⣡
ӳ󣬷ֱд֮, ֿʼæԼˡ
󲮵źͽŵû쳣, ǰǱ߳˵쳣
ʷǫһ, ʷһҹû˯, ڶ͵Ҫȥ, ˻̫ʦˡ
Ϊʷǫ, Ҳֱӻ˹ȥ, ̫ʦ, ǫг̱׼
ȻˣҲ٣ղݣǰղһͬǰ, ߹صݵ
Ͼйһε飬ԽǫǰһʵʵҲǺ¡
ǫһҹҲȲˣ˳˾ǡ
˾ǲԶĹٵϣóͣ
ˣ¹󣡡ϣ˹ʷ˵ǰ
ǫ
¹Ҫǰ̨ӣͷ˰æ¹ʹǰԼ䣡˵žͷ
ϣͷʵ˻ͦġ
ͷǫסˣˣļҾ뿪Ǳ߿ɲý
˹Сģ¹ûа취̫ʦһֱ¹һңͲ̫һϵΨԶ룬žУԺ󡭡ɣ
ǫǾ͸ŰɣϣҵȻʱ򣬳ܰ͢
ϣ˰ɡлЯֹл
ǫڰ֣˳·¶ˣϣ
ǣˣ
˵ţٴ̡
ٵϣ۵ǫۣȴǲƽ
͢ȨѾˣϣ̫ټϲ֪ѻϵʲôѱĲ̫ʦѾǽýûһ㰲ˡ
ǫʱȥ̨ǣҲһЩҪʱԶĴ㡣
վλҪȷġ
ߣڻң
ûģȴûߵء
̫ӺͲ̫ʦļӲ֮󣬻ϵĲĸأֱն˼λдԱ
Ϊˣܶ෨ӵǫһ
Զ룡
лһֵĺӳõĻᡣ
Ϊϲͽ
˺ǫʦŹϲӦġ
ʷôҲû٣ûкû֧Ķһˣٲͬȥ̽׾Щ̫ˡ
Ȼˣͬǫǰ̨ǣҲǫ˿͵ģֻһ仰ĪҪ
ǫһ
ͬʱ˼ˣʷ˲ûж˵
ÿ˶Լ뷨Ƕһ˶ҪԶ룬˵˼Ҿ֮ˣ
ղˡ
̨ǵ˶ӭ˳
ʷ˺˵ʱлһָ˼ˡ
ˣɱİǿˡ
ӭʹ֮ڿ˴żҾʱлһЩסˡ
ʦղôϼҴڵģ
ǫһۣ˴ȥһ£ܹסĵط
лһֵͷȥ 
æл
·ϣһֱŵľҪôʹǵȻҶȴǲܹ׵˵ˡ
ۻϺ̫ǿ
˵ôܹΪʲôѼ˴أ
˿ҪԼͷͺˣҲûһĽ
ڲõˣ˼ûԼ
ǵģûˡ
лһʵǫʷʲôҲûľˡ
ʦĻлһģԶûУϾ˰ˡ
ʦԺ᲻˵ǾͺԼûйϵˡ
Լûڸǰ
˺ͼһ갲ȥסĵطлһְǫ뵽վ
ҪʦֱӻؼȥסģǫȴԼղȻʦԭܾˡ
վڷ⿴ţʦ˵
ֻˣʷҲûбĹ˼ˣϸĸ֣ĪҪ
лһɻˡ
ǫֵ̫Ҫǰˣ̫ʦУƮҡ
лһû˵ʦ֪ʦĻû˵ꡣ
ǫ̫ʦĳ޼󣬽ڸڱǰ˵Ļ¡˵ˣ
Ϊʲô
лһֲòϣһˡ
Ȼ֪̫ʦΪռūܹûϵۣ϶رԭ 
ԼôҲǻѡˣôô׵ľͱ˵ˡ
Ȼѡġ
ǫվļʾ¡
лһԭתȦԼ΢ȶʦԡ
ʦû£ǶԴҲûʲô᲻Ӱ쵽ô죿ҪһҸط
ǫƤ˶
˼ᡭܣܣ
лһҡͷܣܹӳȥϼЩô죬ҲۣܵһؾȥԿԴǾСһϷġ
ðɣȻʦôԶˣʲôĿ϶ǲܵˡ

˭ûƵģ
ôԼҲһεˣȻο̫ܲһ
Լͽһһ׵ӣǫʵǿȥˡ
ˣˣԴסû˵ҪԴҪǿĻһ𣿡
ʦ⡭Żңлһ۾ر
Լˣ
ǫ̧䶶˼¡
лһֽŵĶš
Ǽ˼
ǫ̧ͷͿԼѧ۾ҲգĿԼʲôأ
лҪ˵ѧأʲôһ˵ãôද۰ǲǣ
ʲô壿
ʷˣ۰żͦĵģ
ף
ăҲͲлһִʱ顣
ôôżˣʦȻЦģ

ǫûٿԼСͽܵЦԴЦתΪЩ棺ǵϴʱ˵ʲô𣿡
лһּһ򶼺ã͵ڲ׼뾩
ǫˣ
ĳɶˣӦòǵԴʲôܹʦĸ
ǫλڼ䣬û٣Զ뿪߹һɱ⣡
лһ֣˼ǲ˵ԼֻҪ뿪߹һȻɱˣǰ
ʷ˵ͷοĵӿɽҲ
ʦͽܶˣôοлһĲ˼顣
ʷˣֻҪ㲻ؾ£̨˭ҶһָͷҶҾҲǳصģ
̫ʦôλأлһֲĵʡ
ڳʲôģлһѹûȥ
벻ͨ
ǫǿز̫ʦǿӱϢ
лһ֣


186 


ðɣʦ˵оаɣ
ʦ˵ǶԵģ
ռūܹǻô
û뵽ôô
﷢, ʦҪĻ˵, лһ˶ƮŻص
ɫѾ, ĵƴ, ˿ϱͺӶ˯ˡ
лһȴûһ˿˯⡣
Ϊ˱Ӱ쵽Ѿ˯˵, лһ־ûϴȥ, ſյ¶
¶Ҫͼ˵
ü̫ģ֪ԡ
Ҫŵô죿
Ӧô˵أ
ѣѿڰ
һһһ
๫, 㡭ôǣ˯ѵʱ, һ
ۺѪ˿๫ЩĶʱϾ
лһЩƣЦЦû, ˯һɣأ
۾, ɬ
æȥһˮ๫, ʹ, ϴһЩ
ã
ϴˢ֮, һڵԷ
лһ˵ʲôлүӺͰϾŸлһֿǻ
ﰡ
ûʲô, һð
ǲ߹ǲȥ
ڱ߹һһﲻϣ
ǡ
лүӺͰΪл־һ԰ǻ
±źһ㶵Ŀżˡ
ȫ׷ʲôº
лһҲ㶵ĿŵģŵԼʦ
Ҳ֪¿϶ʦ˵ġ
ԼҲ֪ģǼô֪ˣǺġ
ڵڷϣһĺʷˣ൱
ʦͲ˵˵զлһˡ
ʦۿԼֻý˵ˡ
˶ˣôܲ˵ģ
ʷȻû̧ƤǸһ仰֪ոҾ˵ˣʡ¶
лһ֣ոգʲôʱ˵ģ
ʷ˹̧ͷ֮˯ž͹ү졭
лһ֣
Լһ϶ʲô
ˣҪο˵Ļһ仰ҲûˣԼο˲١
˶֪ˣȷʵʡлһֲٹ
֪ĹҲûжѹ
һֱڻȥûжڴĹ£Ϊͦá
İ
л
үҲһû˯ţѹͲұۡ
ˣǶͨˡ
һ˶һڱ߹ؾڱ߹ذɣԴǣʲôģ˵Ľ
лһһžͱȫҰοһĻ
лһ˺һŻָҶˣ
лүӣԷԷ
һˣһֻԼŻ֪Ǻζ緹
ǫ̨Ǵʮ죬鿴ˮ̵ϲ˳ɹҲ˼óķʷر⡣
ˣ
ԼѧǸţܹ߹Ҳ˼ֻĵط仯ΪӣȻš
ЩɹǿԽģõĵطôž˵Ĵ仯
ʮǫ뿪
лһһֱ͵߹صĳŴſʦ뿪
ĪҪĪҪǺޣ㻹ᣬλڼ䣬мǣмǣ
ʷ֮ǰлһֵĶ˵ôһ仰
лһľĵͷ
СסˣȻҪȥġ
Ϊһڵ㣬ôڣҪأ
ʮ꣬ʮ꣬ʮꣿ
һӣ
ŹĿֹĹǹЩ֮ľҪӹá
Ϊٶ඼ûκε壬һ仰˵ȥͲȥ˵ҪԴҪԴ
͵ԼԺûлٻȥ˰ɡ
лһû˵Ҳûʡ
лȴôġ
лһִӸûؼ֮󣬾ͼ˺ܶļҾߣһǸոõġ
๫ոմģ㿴źÿ𣿡±߲űʵ
лһ֣ÿĽ㰲ŵҿŶÿ
Цĺܿġ
๫ÿô˵ܸˡ
лһֵ ҲԺٽһϽ֣ʲôϲĶ
£Ҳô˵ģһģڲȱģ
лһֽϱ§ڻ
ģһ˽ºơ
лһͺࡣ
лһȴǱĸˣڲ䣺ⱲӲܴϼҼˣԲ𣡡
ŵͣȻĸлһֱֵͦıТ˳ү̺͵Ҳһˣ
лһֽıһ£Ϊлл⣡
ɿ֣һʩһ
ף׵ڣһֱûĹ
Сûϣȥģл˶ôģȻҲ¡
ϣ׵ˡ
˶СĵĲԼĸǰᣬлһȴüĵ
ǣֱ˵
๫ҶͻģʲôлģСɭˣҹȥ˵Żڴ˯ŵл£Ͼ˹µע⡣
лһ֣Һһ𣡡
¸˵ĵðСɭӾϲ㱧ˣ
˵ϸĸлһַǲڵġ
Сɭ֮лһ־ûнֵôѧΪעɲϸˡ
ϱһŶһлһ־ȥ鷿
߹صܶ࣬ԺҲҪһˡ
ȻǴ㳣ôҪϸһЩˡ
ǰŽĽȥǲٵˡ
ֹԼϱߣүӺ͵ǱߣлһҲȥ˵һ¡
˵ķӦһģԼ飬ûʲôõǵġ
ºӴ廹̨û
һһţ
˲뿴ԼѹôԼӦĸãüһõ
Ǵҵģ̨ԽԽõġ
лһָǴũҵˮѾ깤ũҵ˳Ȼ¶
Ϊſ˰һЩɽҲһЩĹ˸˲١
ЩطʳҩĶУлһ־ֲݡ
Ϊ˻ȥ˸ϴʱռ˺ܶޣݵӡ
ⲻڴﵽУϾܳǻɽôĵطҲ
ôһ߹ߵֳ
ţȮǲɻȱģһЩˮȽϽҲѼȣֻҪܹΪģлһֶһ뷽跨ɡ
Щͨͥ˵ѣôȴǼġ
ܹ֮ɣµĵҲõȥԼżҲ̫ۡ
ԼĶͺܷˡ
һһģ߹صԽԽá
̨ͻ
֪ǰôģΪ߹صһֱôõأ
ÿĺͶǱ߹ʱ
ĺԶҪѩָǻֵΧԲϺȲϵ˼ʧ
ű߹лһֵĴԽԽãΧҲ˵ˡ


187 
ѶԼĹѡ
ȥˣҲ
һԼļ԰ʵڴȥ, һҪĵط̨ߡ
ЩǰͶ, лһһıſ̬
ľ, ĵһƽ뿪, ĹȴǱȫӰٻİš
еҪûµ, Ǿġ
ò׽һУκ˸ƻ
л⼸, Ҳ˲ϡ
лһ󣬹ֻˡ
ʮ»̥һ̥һһŮޣϲл˸ϲ£졣
һһлүӸ, һȻʦǫġ
лүҹлһָǵ, ոСֽлơ
Ů޵ʷ֮ǰ˵ģͽлʫ
ʱϴлѾһ, ܹҡҡλε·ˡ
ڶСܵС֮л˳ԺһԶС㿴
Сϲ, źܺӡ
Ҫǵײ, Сӣ
ر
лˣɲ, һͿ޵Сһ嶼岻ã
ֹ꣬л꣬ѾԸŵ־, ȻˣܵȻСӡ
ǰȴǶرɵġ
ɾ͵ðᡣ
Դ, лүӺͰϲ֪лһ˵ٴˡ
СӻСᡣ
лһ֣ûᣬл鶯֣СӾ󣡡
˲֪ٴεлƣΪɶÿζҰʵۣ
лʫǼΨһСûôƤԻһЩȽлưġ
ۣǵùܡ
˵ʲôĹϵԼ˲ܰǵڡ
ǵڵ¶
˵Ҳǵڵõİ취ɣ
أ۲˵ʲôҲʰ˭Сأ
СһƤʵرϲڸ棬˭
лƿҪʱ򣬼ˡ
Ȼһ˫̥ûСѾͷһ˫
лл
лƾԼԸŸ˿ܲðˣǺܿʧˡ
ѵĻԼģΪܵڴݣͲȥˡ
ʱֻҪԼ˾͵ðᣬٿڴݵĵܵܣСС͵лԼĵһԸǾϣܵ㳤ܹһ𿸶ã
лһʳԼĶôһԸʱ˶µġ
Ըͦ
ģ
ż֮࣬Ȼлһַһˡ
˴һ˫̥Ҳ͵ÿ˼˶࣬æ
лһԼҲ־ϲġ
Ӷڡ
ҲȻϲûֻҪ¹ͱСһǲ
ŴӶ飬СҲĵңҲôӣϡˣ
ոճСһ˼ǶŮ˫ȫ
ԼǶŮȫ
Բˣ
ҲˣǸˣȻԼҲܹ
๫ڹ̫𣿡Ȼû뵽๫Ȼ̫ࡣ
лһ֣ûУðԭ˫̥һҲ˫̥İ
˵ʲô㣿
๫Ļʱ⣬ǵлһֵϽ˲ٵĹűԭˡ
֪๫ֻǲ̫࣬ôຢӿɲ
ǹȫá
ǰ˶Լرã˼ӵŮ˲ͬôɩĻԼû
ŮһЩ֮ӷѿ̬ΣЩԼȴûһ㡣
Ƥ̬Ϊʱˡ
ΪԼһ˳ĵԵʡ
лһȻ˵ǰϱĽ
ϱô࣬ҲӦõġ
˵õĲһлһֵСŮл̳ˡ
лһֵıСŮþö֣һǰǸ˵˵ˣͱĳԼ׵Ժȥˡ
һһĶϰˣÿ궼ֵġ
үү̻ǵûʱҪϼҵ뷨ˡ
ôŮҪæʱȥġ
Ůл־ӣҲӣÿ춼ֺǺǵæСһǡ
תۣ
ͻȻʥּ
ʵ۲زμݱ
̫ӽ»ʵǻ
񰧵
лһִ߹شڵĶҺ˰ᦡ
ڻлһǾŵģûлʵ۵ΣĿƾ֮·Ҳûô˳
Ͼʷʦô׾ܹһġ
ҶҲô׵İԼ̫ʦʦү˵ģһжлϵӰ档
Լڱ߹ô꣬˵ԹҲǲܵġ
ʱ˿̡
½ݡ
ʹſڣں㰸
еˣžǵķصĹȥ
Űݣ
֮󣬳꣡

һ·ߺãΪˣ
ꡭ
֮󣬸øɵ»Ҫɣֻûǰôˡ
Ϲ죬ҵͣЪ
ȻˣҲһֱͣЪŵġ
ӻȥ
ʮһлع
̨ʱһƬС
Ϊǵʹӵ˵ǵĵ
ʹҲѾΣǾǰְԶر߹ٴΡ
лһֿǰ޳һŵǣΡ

ǣԶڵ˶ͣ
ֻΪʵ̫ѹЩ΢ĳ
ԶȻ˵ְˣһҲˡ
һεʹлһ֣ڵ˶ǨĻ 
ΪлʹûǨЩ˶ݵЩУ϶ȥˡ
Լ죬תۼˡ
Ȼǻˣò˼꣬Լٶ
лʹڱ߹صĶǲСʮڵĳɼģֻҪԼͿڵһоͲõȥ
ǸĵˣһжΪʹԵʣжм
֪Լڱ߹ʱжôľ
лһּƽˣýӵѾʹˣĻҪԼٲҪù٣ҪĵĹ٣ֻҪһΪ񣬸Ҳ̫
˵ǣɲ
ڵǴ඼Ǻģ֮ǰЩѾȥˡ
ˣʲôʱлһĺײ
лһ֣û˵ϲʱ׼Σ
ײæվش˵Ļ¹ٴ뿪֮ǰʱǣ
ײǨҲˣѾֻ֪ͬһֱûȥΣΪҪлһ֣ΪС
лһ֣ôֵˣͲҪ˿ˣ
ǣײٴ
ǺײԶֻߵǰǣлһλʹһٶʮ
ܹôһ죬ȫǰлʹֻͣԼ


188 
Ҵ뿪, ڼʰһ£Դ˾ʽ, ϣλܹЯֲ, ߹ãлĳ߹еİ, лλˣ
˵꣬лһһء
Զæ
¹ٽǣ
Ǵ, ˭߰
лһαصǾ, Ȼû˵ְ, ȴ, ְλ϶Сˡ
Ҫ֮ǰ˵ңлһȥˡ
뿪ãԶһֱ͵ſڡ
վڸſ, ʲôҲû˵໥ʩһ
Զڣ˿ٹЩ뿪ģ
, Լǰ¹, ˲ûнӹ
ĿĵȻΪлһڻ, ˻ؾʹϵͲˡ
лһֺܴ󷽵ĵ̨¿ϵлĳ, ܰæ, ûж
Щ˶Լˡ
ܼչӦõġ
Զ֮, лһȻɵɵȥҲûġ
úõԴ
л
л
һлǶԼЯչˡ
һлԺİոĸ١
һЦ
صʹ, лһ־ͺͼ˵Ҫ뿪Ϣ 
лүӺͰ϶ʱݺᡣ
εˣ
ȵˣ
ǻؼˣ
꣡
лүӴżһԺžǷͷ
»ʵǻ¡
أ˵ǲܵġ
֮ǰлһüʰһ£û˵뿪ӣΪҪһü˽ܡ
ϲ󱯵Ķ˿ɲ̫á
һ˵˻ܲˡ
͸ʾܹؼˣȻֹסļ
ﶼŵĵطܹȥһˡ
òȶˣ֮Լûˣʰ
Щ꣬Ķʵ̫ˡ
ȫǲܵģ󲿷Ҫȥġ
ߵҾߵȣù˼ȥˣȫڹµԺ
ܹõõĵţЩҪ˵ǵġ
̫õŵţЩҪϼҵġ
Լڷţ˶Ǽõġ
ĹʹĶʰˣɹ˼ҳ潫һЩ͵ھڣһǣһأȵ͹ȥǷ˲١
װŵǲ£ǻù˿Ѻˣǲֱӹھˡ
ΪҪϼҼ̽ףȻٱǡ
»ּŵģл˵˼
죬ʹſͣⶼ˵ġ
һλˣڶлһڴŮлܵܣţһ˺·Ҫĳá
˼ľ͸ϹˣҪл˳š
ǹº͹˴ɩ沼Ϳ޺۾
Щл˵رУСһֱڸǰҪ뿪ǰˣ´ټҲ֪ʲôʱˡ
˵ÿ궼ȡ뿪ˣٻЩˡ
˵ǵ¶࣬ƤӵµЩӶչ˵ˡ
·;̫Զ´˵ˡ
ˣذɣǰǳˣ˼һһֱţۿ̨ǵĳž͵ˣûҪȥĴ㣬лһֻÿˡ
ܲҪͳǡ
ҲøǶȥæ
ΪȴǵһᣬͣͳǾͻˣ
µȦˡ
ҲᣬȴҲòߡ
ΪлҸ๫ͺӶҪչˣǶҪԼȻǲµġ
ܹ˶һҲû˵ǻȥĻˡ
ڳڴвٵлһֹˣԶľʹк
лһҲӦǡ
ǰ߾ͳˣлһվס˽Ų
̨ϣԺԽԽá
Щٵû͵𣿡һСֹһ䡣
л־æʾҪ˵
ѾͦѹˣûϵЩ˲²͸
ʹҪˣ͵ҲûУǸѹ
лһֵ£ٹó׻ˣһжȥģ߰ɣ
Եվıֱ
лһֳ΢΢ͷ
̧ͷͦ󲽣һһųȥ
лˣ
⣬֪˭һ
ԭŵĳ⣬ΪлһֵӰһӱˡ
ˣ

ڲ֪ʲôʱվˡ
ʱȫڵء
ү
л˼飡
л밲
һ·ƽ
𣬸λףϽлһȥ
ֻǣûһġ
ˣٹһԺҲ˰
ȺǰԶˣʱŵũſǻĵ
лһ˫Ľ˷˼򲻸ҵ
˻ǲлһֻõлú˵ҪǲھߣҲû˵ˣ
һ£Ȼлһֵվ
׽л˶ôܸлǰ뿪أ
οǻûкл˵϶лߡ
ǰվˣҲվ
Դףִ£ҵȵĴˣлһֲĿԶ
ԶԼͬȴȻ˵̡
ôڳţ˵ȥ
ҪǱ˸ȥԶñӾժˡ
ȻлһֵҲòȥ
Զæ¹֪
ԱũȴǵˣԸģԴҲǸģϣܹһ
лһ֣˼ʹãҳǣͺܸˣˣóԳԣúȺȣǲЩ
λڼ䶼ûһǮҪؾˣȡ׵ˡ
ֻǣлһֿǰĶʱ
ȴҲ̲סˡ
лһֵ۾ʪˣ
һһܹÿˡ
ǵũ˵ʱȴıжˡ
ɡ
Ǳλũ͹ģ͵ˣǾЩˣʱȴĲᡣ
лĴ£̨ǵ˶Զμģǣ
ǣ
ľ֮ǣ
ǱĲᣬҹɡϣл˲ҪѾǺϸˣ
ЩˣԭȳԲůԭҲкͶ񣬸һЩµˣһ֣лһֶǵľˡ
ʹСϢ֪лҪΣһֱҪôΪлС
գһЩᵽɡ
ЩЩֹ˶еһ𣬲ҹĸɡ
ֻǸƻУҪе˶ǩ֡
ŵģΪʵǵ治ֹ̨ǵ֣ΧظҲС
һȫдԼ֣е˲дҲһЩʶֵʱѧдԼ֡
ЩֻΪҪлһ֪Ǽλʹ˵ĺõġ
лһ˫ֽסɡˣ̫ˣһ֣֮
ɡ
ĶһΪ֮ӦģǵõȴͷεԴ
⣬β֣̿βж


189 
, ǵע£лһ֣صĽӹɡ
лλ, ɡһֽ, ԴΪΪ񣡡
ү
ԭ죬ʱȴͻȻһƬ⡣
һжӳ£ůܰ
ɡ֮, Ҫˡ
λأ
лһ·ƽ
ֱջ١
лһַż, Լǲȥ
, ǺѹѹȺ
лһֲʮ, ȻûɢȥȺֻǿѹĵļ
ϣ̨ԺԽԽ˳ھǣʱ򣬿ƾа, ұ߹ôУңǺȾƣ
˵ĶǶԵģ˸ߺ
л˶Ҫ뿪ˣǹǡ
ϣǼпƾٿӰ
ȥ͵ȥȥ, ̨ѾԼԺ, Ȼ֪ûлᣬȻл˵, ҲӦõġ
һأǾлȥлˡ
ǵĸĸ٣
;ǧһ, ǣأ
ֱлһʩͣеĽŲ
лһּţԶŴߡ
Ⱥߣлһ뿪
ʮޣ᲻ѡ
ɡʹ¶лһָǼţҪһܹΪµĺù١
ȥ˾ˣ
Ƭʮĵطǣиӣǳɳ
Ըϵĳɳĸ˵ˡ
̨ˣ
߹أټ
лһ뿪ˣʹԶȻ֮ǰĺܶණ
ó׻ȻÿѮ³ˣٱÿѩһΪ
ЩԼҪģΪÿ˶һϣĸõϣ
ȻԼϣģô·ôҪȥ¾ѪҲɡ
лһְֵǰ˵·еͨġ
ԣЩҲҪ·ǰеġ
*
ģʱո
غºӴİǴеʱ̡
УվףڴĴ洦ܹæµһĴϦůůƣĴЩĻ͡
Զİˣͣģ˹ȥ

һĺǰͣŵҲ̸ͣ
һͣ
Ъأк
Ĵһ£ʵȥļң

˵ȥļңлүżĵ
ʮ˰ڻˡ
¾ŵҲ˼ѡ
˾ȻʶԼ
ϣл־лһҲ
ʱѾߵлүӵԡ
лл磡ϳˡ
ʵΪл־ߵʱ̫
л־ΧЦŵλףþò
λǡл壿
лүӣϳˣװ
ҵү
лϸǻؼˣ˵а𣿡
ŸϻˣϼҶɣ
أ
үӱߵʱ һûϣ

лүЦŵ
ż˵˳
лһۿүүϵҪĵĴ㣬һԾѵүүһ·ˣȻؼʰһ£ٺ˵Ҳ٣
ֳֺһӰˡ
˵Ŀͬʱлһ֡
лһ΢Цӡ
лү
лˡ
л밲
ȺǶ̽Ŵ
һ¹Ҳһ¸Źˡ
л밲
лһֹپӸλºӴܹн죬ɾ˼ҵЯأ
жǶ֪жġ
лһϽ𣡡
صĿһͷ
л˵񶼴Żȵġ
ߵʱɲһ
ڿ½磡
ûǰѾôĶ˻
ҲǸʱ򣬴˲֪лһҪǵˣλǼģȻ֪ҪҲܵǴȴڳæԼ֮⣬ڴڵͷĴš
ϣܹһۿлˡ
κ˶û뵽ǣȷʵǿˣǵһ۾Ȼûϳ
У±Լ˰ɣ
кл˾ͱŸл־ƽһӸˡ
ٲߣܻüվڴ˵
ͷ
ϣ
лүߵһ仰ôǸ˵Ķֵ۾ѵȥˡ
ԭֻǴһ׻ȴرС
˼ң۵ľһŲձľͷʰԺӣݣһȻָɾġ
л־ƽͷõʱɹˣҲɨɾˣ֦ÿ¶Դ˹֪ҪÿһΣġ
εó׻л־ƽûиȥǰÿ
ζȥҲΪҪȥϵڵﶼˣȻȥ
ο̶Ѿ˹ģ㲻ȥҲл˵Ƿݡ
л־ƽлүӺЩˮֵ֮ԺҲʰˣȥ𣿡
лүӻûڣϵȻȥˣǺþöû˯ǿͷˣ
лүӿлһ֡
үҲȥֵֻĸʲôõ˵
лһЦŵүү̻ȥһۣһԷôûž۹ˣһٷһӵֵĳԲУ
ɣģߣлүӼеվ
л־ƽҲġ
ˣһȻҲͷǱߵġ
л־лһһүȥլȻҲǲٵġ
ݾʹţϱ΢ʰһ£Ķ̫࣬ʰһǱҪġ
ڷˣϽһϯˡ
լˡ
һļݣл־ƽл־һӸǵġ
һЩڣЩĶڵЩ졣
ˣеĽ
ϽĶүл־ƽ顣
ʮ꣬˵İǲܵġ
λˣڵĴ峤ԭĶӣʲôҲͦġ
лҵĵضл־ƽͷϣʳҲһֱûٹÿǰ߹ó׻ʱ򣬶ὫӴȥ
Ȼлһ˵ãǱ߲ȱл־ƽһҲû
ֵܣˡ
ʳԼµģζͲһ
ڴѾԼѧãѾʮ̳꣬ͯҲһ֮ˡ
ʱûС
ûţǼϷһͯˣڴҲǺˡ
Χӵ˺ҲкܶѧģҲҪӸܾ ϾѧãȰžͽѧˡ
лүҲĵĸˡ
ϼܹô˲ţԵĸˡ
ϯܿˣҵҲлȥˡ
ڿŵ֮ϲɵЩĽ
źҵԭǲӣȴǲͬˣſž͹˺ܶ࣬ԼҲҪȥĻǲҲ
ڿһԵлһʱϵ˼Ъˡ
Ӿͦãǲô̰ˡ
ڶҵıǿռ˲٣ٰ̰̫࣬˼Ҹ˾Ͳˡ


190 
˰ں, л˳˼޳ȥģĶˡ
л˳׺, Ѿ, л黹Ҫ󣬴ĽлͣĽлˡ
Ǻлĵ֣ԭ˨Ӻӡ
лһ΢Ц, ȴ²ۺһ֪ǴԼȡ, ܽӵ
ڶڴѧѧ, лҪѧ, Ҫȥ˷ģлˣŲμӿƾٵϣ
ȴѧҪһ㣬ȻҲǸȽ, лһλǾǲĲһǰˡ
ڿͷһļ
ôˣȴǵһμ, Ȼǲúӿ֡
л͸ּл־ӿͷ, лһַҲû¡
佱Žͬ˼
лһлŵܵø󲮺ʹ
лСһǰ, һǵܵãǵǹºлһԽ̵ģߵģġ
۾ֱ졣
Լ˼ǰһ, Ե˰ġ
л־ȴܸˣֵǶ׽
лʱǱīֽ⣬Ҫ͸λøġ
л͸л黹Ҫ󣬿ȴûҪ׼СõܺСã˼ҵĶȴûжͣЩ
л鿴Щ׵λø磺үүĳرȤ֪λʱпգ
л͸۾һϵʲôʱпհ
ǻȥ㣬Ҹǰ㰡ɺóˣ
ǲǰȥ̫ˣȥ𣿡лЦĿԼ׵
лһֵͷԣֵܼȥɣ̫ˣ
ŶǶܸˡ
ӴЩ˺£Գڱ߹سСһкô
л缸ˡ
ҲҪȥлʫ䵽µߵ
Ϊûˣֻ˵øֵܼȥ
ЦſԼ๫лһͷ
ẉ̂ʫǽҪȥ𣿡
һˣܰôܣ̴ȥ
лл̣лʫл̽ܵϵл
ϾͳһףŮĺֺر׽ټС˵Ҳž͸ˡ
Ҳſġ
ԼҵӺŮǺãž͸ˡ
ˡ
Ǵ󷿵ǳ׵ıĸˡ
˼ʶ鶮˼Ůò
ֻţҵ˵ˣǵĵͶĲ죬ݹ
жŮϿɲǵҵĲˡ
ر㣬ⶼΪҵܸɣȻҲմ˶ĹԵʡ
ԣ̣
ϴЦﰵ
Ƚϵļʣл˵ϱˡ
һֱԼżܹڣմ˶ҵĹ⡣
ΪϵĹԭҪ޵ϵŻǸмظǱߵˣǺȴǸѡСһͨ˼ҡ
ֻ˵ҪԺģʵޣҲš
ΪСĻ˵İš
տʼкڹģǺżҵ̶ӳ֮Ӿ޵ظСҲĽĲˡ
̶ӿǵ̫үֳģȻ̫үߺӼ丮֪ˣ̶ҲһԾΪֱˡ
Щ꣬Ǹųĺġ
ԭΪһоõģڿλл˵ļҾ֮Ľˡ
µǴҹģЩ̷ź游ĸҲûбΪţϵҸǵ˵ġ
Ҳ֪ģһȽϣԡ
ǼӲû¶мҪԼӿܻܴ
л飺ǲˣ
Թ˵һл־ʹż˻ؼȥˡ
һ·һ¶ûгԺ˯õģȻҪúõϢˡ
Ժ˵ʱǣлһȥҲһʱ
ڶ죬лһԼԵķ
лүǺʹ󷿵һԵģôȥˣ󷿵һЩТ˳ĻҲӦõġ
óϺͶϱǾĵġ
Թ֮үӴл־ȥ˵￴ĳơ
ۿԼҵĵأүӲܷġ
лһǺøлһźѧȥ
ҲҪѧĽѧ
ǹʱϿΡ
ϵˣлһֲɵ¶Ц⡣
Ͽε㡣
ͬѧҲϿεĵķˣӸǺͷӵһģһȷӻҪӣлһֺܸ̾
ʱǰɱ
ôСӣȴСӵķˡ
λķٴĽ̵źӣȻһתͷͿվſڵˡ
ڿлһʱһ㶣ȻȴЦݣʱ·ֻصСʱ
ÿϵĺ֣ûҵһѧõƧ֮˵Ż
ʱѾͨķûв
ǰЩſ꣬ſ꿼ͿƿԳɼн
Ȼ˹ٸʳȴȻͨͯҪõĶࡣ
ֲμ˻ԣȻٴˣͷ˼Ͽˡ
ʵǻԵĿ
žͷۣŪĿһԴ޸⻹ô
ԣЪ˼˼ڴﶨ˼Ŀѧ
˵һ˼Ľ̵ú˲١
лһÿ궼͹ʮӣԹѧ֮ãṩЩǳ˳
ȡѧ㣬м֮ͯ󣬺ܿΧĴӵĺĽѧ
ȢϱһæһС꣬Ñһ˹ĺ̹
ȥʱ·С꣬ΪŮƹЦŹкܱ˴ʱлһֲЦˣΪǸŮƹֽѾ
лһּ˵ǸڴڴСǣѾСȴһ˷ӣһȴǾҲС
Ȼ̫ԣȴҲʳˡ
лһֻĵеġ
ºӴе˶μˡ
Ȼ಻лұңݣֻҲɻ䡣
֮ǰϯ
ҺͱĶкһ͹ˣżҵңϺӴĽżңԼˣһˮϯ˳ԺȵĺǾˡ
ЩǶȱڳԵˣлүܹϯǻǹء
ˣù٣
ֹһ죬ǡ硣
лһڼҰȥѾ׷ԲԵǰϯӸ˵ֱᡣ
ѧѾԽˣѧȴТġ
ڵʱѧﲻĶǰȥЩΪлһѧ
ôȥˣлһ־ܱ˲ں򣬿ǽȴǱزٵĻ͵
ⲻлһһϯ͵죬Ӷˡ
ϯûйǲлһ鷳
ȴǹˣѧԼԼˣҲΪ֮
һٷԵȺ׽١
лһ־Ҫ׼ǰˡ


191 
лһλؾǶһˡ
Լְλûȷ, ŵǺ󲻾þܹ´, ʱüȥðš
Ͼȥ, ŶʰһȻԼȱźֵʰ, ǲҪѶԣ
ͺͼˣлһھһаٺ֮󣬾ӡ
лǲȥǵģлһָ˵ġ
̨Ǵô꣬ôҲôһЩꡣ
ϴ, Ҳˣ
лүһ, ʹӦˡ
ȻˣҲеһЩġ
ȥ߹δż, βȥǵĻ, ϶һЩ, ȻԸ, ҪŹﻰͷ˿ɲô, ڼٴЩ, ȥǹЩҲﰲ֮ٻ¡
Ҫ֪ڱ߹ʮɲǰ״ġ
ιع龩, Ϊ˸С²С
鰲ٺ, һˣʮ˵ӣǸͷݵģȻڶлһ־ʹЩһǸȥ
ʮ, ·ߵһ弴
лһִŰڵʮһˡ
ŲЪЪţŲϰȥˮˣСʵˣΪβֵһ
һ·ˣһֱûźʵĻʳ
ǰˣǶǷʥ뾩ְҪķֿ£ԱߵĴ󺺺һҲʵ
лһֿЩ˶ɻĿ͵ھΨ˭Ǵӣ
£ǶȻҪΨϵǴӡ
ڿлһֶǵʱֲһ䣺Ȼˣǵֱ˾ʲô𣿡
лһҲ»ɵģһġ
»ʼλлһǰǵĻᣬͬҲˡ
лһ֣û𣬱ԵΣ𣿡
ˣûֻûԭ򰡡
裬һʮٴǸȥ
θǰǣȷʵ»ʵĻֻǿͣûʥּҲûнˡ
ڱ߹شʮлһ֣ͻʵ۴򽻴Ļ᲻࣬һӾͱôԶĵطΪ٣ܽӴĸľǲ²⡣
ǵѲ²⡣
ʵۼȻûиּлһǺȫֿ߸ġ
˵ҪţǾ˵ܹӡ
ûм
ɼʵҲδؾҪͳ
ԼֽǶѣαҪԼ鷳أ
лһ뿪̨ǵʱ򣬾ֳǸȥǵӽûġ
ص˾֮ͲԼٹˡ
ֻû뵽ǣȻԼԼ֮ǰѾʰˣлһûڼƬ̾Ǹˡ
лһֲұ֤Խ뿪ٴ
Լ⣬лһҲֻûˡ
֪ԭ뾩֮ȥǵӣԼǲµҲ˵ġ
ڹٳϣûϤͷΡ
ﾩ֮лһȥ˻Ȼȥʷ
ʷڸ֪г̾͵ĲǱΰ飡
ˣı߶ְǾǻϵˡ
лһ֣ʦô죬ʮң˶ǵ뾩ˣҲ֪ȥˣ
ѹûʰɣǫһڲ
лһֺٺЦʦˣ
ǫûĵһۣ˾ǾͲҪôˣùܾ͵ùܣ̨ܵľͲ
лһ֣ܣʦɱң⾩ûУ͹ٶ࣬һשͷȥžߴһ߸Ųţ
ǫǳ˳飬û˵
Ϊлһ˵ʵ
ССĶǹ٣ҲΪ˵ٵ·ϣǼеٵģǺ͹йϵġ
ҪǱôǫҲ˵ʲôûʲôԵġ
ǫͲԼͽôˡ
ǫΪ֮ʮѾĺܺãǰ̫ϻԳģǰǼලŲ̫ʦʱõģûôˣȻӵ߹ˣڱǸЩѾĸˣȥԼţ

ϻʵ۵û˾ͱԶԶģ۲Ĳ¡
»λЩˣֻǶӸԼǲЩ̫ʣ
лһ־뵽һҪ顣
лһЩɵָԼıǼ⣺ҵģ
ǰ״Ԫͱ¿״ԪˣлլԼͷϵģѾûˣӦûסЩҶ˰ɣ
ŵķӣҲа˵ġ
лһ治֪ﻹԼķӣ
ǫЦǺǣģʡһ̨ͬҹ¸㰲һ̲飬лĸۡѾãʱס
̲飿ûǴĻ̲ʮѾ˵˰ɣлһֿ֪ģ̫ӺͲ̫ʦʼЩǵĹپͱȥġ
ڵľ飬˻ȥĶǲ̫ʦ֮⣬ļֱͺ۵Ҳˡ
þ˷ӣΪ˰Լˡ
ڿ̲ˡ
ǫڰָԣ
´Ǿǻлһֲ²ʡ
ЩϢҲģʦ
ÿζǺἰ仯ûо嵽ˡ
ʷ˸һȷе֣ĸˣǵ
лһ֣Լ˵ˣ
ǫһֱŬİģֻЧ󣬺һɡⲺԱ˱뾩Ǿְ
лһ֣ͻȻɡûôֵǮˣ
ʷ˲֪Լͽܵ뷨Ѿƫˣ̨ôƫĵطܹôãԱµ˼㣬Ҫģ̫ʦֺͱ˵һЩĻȻͱŵ̲ˣ
֣
òҲ֪ǸһֵӵϢˡ
лһ֣ʦ˵ҪǺͱ˵»Σ
ʷ۾һɣȥϢԺ벿ûôˣ
Ŷѧˣʦأлһʩתߡ
ʷˣ
һлһ־ʷסˡ
ڶ죬ʦ緹飬ʦͽһҲûᡣ
һţ´лǰ鷿£
񲿵ˣлһЩƣϡ
ǫóҪȥϳˣŷԼͽûͷƵ
һʲôӣ
ûиãžͲ⡣
лһȫ⡣
ʦҲ˵ԺûӹˣǰԼŸ£
ʷ룺˵Ҳԣ߰ɣżٽˣ
лһ֣ʦ˵ôԡ
ֻԵԼͲôˡ
ʦͽһ뿪ʷ
ǫȥϳлһȥ鷿Ⱥ١
£лһ־￴飬ˣװˡ
ԼŴӱ߹ػʦеļλˣĶʶ


192 
֪λӦþλŵʹ, ҪΪ̲, Ӧ˰ͽĶ
λʷ̨ǫͽ, ȻָɵʹЩͷˡ
ԺҪദ¶, Ժ˵¡
ǼλҪкĹԱҲûжˡ
ܶ˶»ʺȻʿǷǳĲ͡
˴˷Ĺٱ໥Ҳûġ
ټлһǷ˵Ĳ˵ӣһ綼ǰġ
лһֵǰġ
ֱ³̫ǰǰ鷿¡
꣡
ƽ
, ϴλվ, ڼ˵עлһֵǰʩ񣺡̫, ѧһݣ
ʹãлһԱһˡ
ǻϰ, ɲһ
ȴ֮ʱ, ̫Ҳ˵ĳɾ, ʹã
лһæܹóһѾ¡, ˣ
лһ, »˵ʱԼھǴǼ飬ȴȻܻһݡ
Ҫ֪ʱǼ̫ϵ, ôȥ, ˵Լԭ˭֪»ʻ᲻С۵ĸԼһʰ
˵ˣԼܹӱ߹ػǣѾ»ʵʩ, лһҲὫ֮ǰԼϵġ
ϼлһȷʵǲԸʦ񣬾͵һΪʦΪʦּ̨ʹлһڼڿϿϣԹɡʵ飬Ϊ̲飬Ӽ̫ʼ
Աߵ̫æӦ¡
лһͨ򵹣л¡
ɣл˵Ǳһȴ飬ʦͽ˵˵ﻰϵǳá
лһֹּ
ﻰʲôлһǲˣϰԼ϶бҪ˵ġ
𿴻Ϻлһ˵ôºͣתͷļͬʱȴ˪
ŭȿɸ
ͨ
ڵվŵ˳лһֶٴι£֪

ʾ
лһ֣
ʲôȻ
鰸Ļϱ˿죬Ҳ˲ò
֮ϵĻϡ
ûλĿ졣
ϣ̨Ϊĵı߹ˮ޽ϣͶʹãأʮҲû޽ϣ˻
ŵʹĿͷΪԼš
ʵڲǳȲģȷʵѾּȥˣΪˮһ;̣Ҳ֪

һվ
һԵлһ֣ɫ΢ĻһЩлΪΣ
ˢ
ڵϹŵļλԱͬʱ˹ڴв⣬еġ
Ȼлһǵһˮ̵ĹԱҲ׻ΪʲôҪλ˼лһûǵ
лһһţˮȴȻˣ԰¡
ͬʱҲˣϰԭЩ⡣
£治ÿڡ
ΪһϾҪ̲ˣЩ̷黹
Ͼڹ飬̨ǹɵҲ渺𣬸οЩ˵ûһİ
뵽ˣлһֹһر£廹ϵˣûã˭˭𵽵ף
⻰ڵϹŵҲһ浣λл˻ŻϵĻߣҪǵ͵š
ǹͷϵĺӶεˡ
ҿ֮ǰûкλлɹȥҲǿסģҪ⻰ֻҪһģԼԴϵñӿܾҪˡ
ϵ˵ͷлһĻشʮֵ⡣
лһǵһ̵ˣﲻʣôģ֮ϵĻ˵㡣
ôһ䣬̽ĳɷݾӶࡣ
ãлһֱ뾩֮ʱ¶ˡ
ּ⣺ŹЭͬ촦ù̵Ĳ֮вϸĵطһɸְ죬ɽְ
л£
˻ϵּ⣬ǳ˵ĹǳӵĻҡ
ǰ̽ȥӣǲܹ³Ǿ˵֪ˡ
лһȴǽ¼
˰Ҫô£˻£ỹġ
ſţ
뿪лһ鷿˱߹ص顣
ȻˣҲֻ˵ϾٺãҲ©ĵط
лһ뿪ӵʱ򣬽õĽӲԶдһݴˣڻó
Ӵ¸˰ٵˮ֣оһһ˵꣬ĽӲȥ
Ͽֱͷ
̫¾ϸʮ꣬лˣ
лһæʩ񣺡ݡԹ޻ڣ
ϣɣ̧ͷƣ
лһվֱ˫ִ࣬ԼĴһšϵ˫ʱЩ졣
̫ʵһšۣ
ȴˡ
лһڱ߹ô꣬ȷʵǳ̫Ŀࡣ
ʺּ֮겻뿪߹һίҲǿġ
ûгû£λϵ˭治һôһ룬ͬ顣
һ壬ԺӺأǰȥˣлǰ߹صʱм˸ţְûн˴أ
лһæлݡҪģΪ˼룬Ȱٽ˽꣡
Тļɣл䣬㼴ѳףл˵֮ޱΪˣôǷ޶ˣлΪΣ
лһֹ򵹣£Ŀ˵𣿡
ϣɣ
лһֵٳһ壬ܷ֮·ĸܹȡ״Ԫȫƾ游ĸ͵ĹôҿǣҲ˼˵ܹĳʥ
лһ˵һж
ȻˣҲʵ
лһֲ˵Ҳ֪ġ
лһʵĻʥּһ£һ仰¶
ǻҪôԼǾ˵б˼
пΪϱ̻֮ŮԭҲпǹ˼ҵԭ򣬲һлһֶñ¼š
ŶԼ˵ɲǺ¡
˵⻰˵ϵȥˡ
ҲΪҪĲлһ֣˼ҵټԺµķţ˵ͻչԲǻҪġ
ԼĻ̵ģЩǻԼˣ˼ĻǾЩͻˡ
лһô˵ûϷˡ
л˾ǹ˼ˣΪ̻֮Ůܹ޸Ѿ֮Ե
˵ҲûʲôϾֻһΪŮķţܲȻõˡ
лһȴĸף˵лһֵТġ
дТĵˣԲ̫
Ϊ٣ȻǺù١
һТӣѾǰȥ˽ǣˣлּлϣлΪˣս
лһٴι£л£
ϲ̣׵ķţ֮ϲ


193 
лһлְ̫֮, ˶񣡡
лһ֣ң
ҪˣԼҲھǴ̫ˡ
Լǹ, Ҳһͱְɣ
лһ뿪鷿֮ǱĹߵġ
ŵĻ·һһյ, ʵѿ
̫࣬ϥۡ
лһ͵ſڣл˿һϥ֮Ͳʹˣ
лһ۾һд
СһЩеģĴҲǴŵ, Żôȵ
лһִóһɰҲûֱӾ͹æһǰ˴æˣ
Ǻ, ˳¶á˵ĺɰȴûɿ
лһ֣ôùȣľ͵빫Ȳˣǣкܶط, Ժб¶չ, 빫ڱǰ㣡
л˿ˣȻˣūžã
ͣ

лһ˵ԱߵͼԼҴЦһɰ档
꣺, ôɰ͸Щ˵İ
͵ȻҪ͵ģοЩСҲͦģ
꣺û
ԼҴ˲˵ûʣ뿪˻ʹ
лһֵЦЦ
Ϊ֮ū֮иͬȴơ
̫лһ뿪ʹתֻ鷿ܿͽлһ͵Ǹɰʵ˻ϵ鰸ϡ
Ʋһۣлһָģ˵
̫æл˵¶չмӣūŰԼ䣬ҪūźȲţ
ϥʲôģͲ˵ˡ
֪ģҪ˵ĻǴ󲻾ˡ
ϣľŰɣһ뾩ʮû׻ѧһˣ
л£
ϰڰ̫źɰȥˣȴţͺùܡ
Ǽˣɰľٶ˵лһںġ
ְˣôϾͺԴԼˡ
лһֶԴʮŵġ
ܻôģڵԼǵ˺ô˵ġ
ڶ죬ϾּǰּлһҲʮһǰȥˡ
Լûʱȥ˵ģ̲λҲôõġ
лһΪһһؾͱΪ̲ˣкܶҪЦ
ʮ꣬еŻûпء
лһȴѾǳΪ̲飬Ȿһֿ顣
Ŀ飬лһֻ֣Ǻǣ
ǰľ飬ҪҲŲˣǻʲô˼
̲˾ֱŪ˾˾Ȳ˾˾˾
˾˾ŽؿǼǣԼϽʧĵط˾лһεĵһȫлһָһ硣
˾ˣദȽϺгԾˡ
лһҲû뵽纮ȻΪ˾ɡ
纮൱ˣ˾ɾˡ
ֻӲ̫ʦĻлҸ鷳ûҪ뿪̲
˾˾ Ҳûˮ̵ĵط˭ȥԲŸ˷뺮
ڵãǸùߵĻɣǵǱϳ̲ˣһǱµּҪڶˡ
лһΪںڵļ˵£ֻǺǺǵЦ
ǾҪе
ˣǼλſڹأԺĶߣֲܴôأ
лһֵĵ̲ҳҪĻصأݶԲߣǾ͹ܽ
ŶǸϳȥ𣿡Щ̫˽˵˼
лһ֣úýѵһŸõЧٿ̲Ĵο˲٣գ
꣺
Χ
ʲôĲ⡣
Ȼ˳ȥ˲һͻˣ˵ЩѾˡ
ǵģˡ
꽫лһֵĻһЩﻹٹ̲ǰ棬ıصܲܳһء
һ쿪ʼǸ״Ԫµĳƺţ飡
ֺȫһ·
ȴЦĺܿġ
ҪľˣЩֻɅۺȲµĹԱǿˡ
̲Щ˱Žȥ˭ͳͳûи档
лһֻҪԼĻУЩλ÷ҪǾͲлһԼˡ
ΪʼҰ£ĻҲ㡣
˼¹ѻ̲лһξͽ˶жְ
Ȼޱȣ
лһֶԴȫ⡣
Ҫ뵱˵Ļȥжá
Ƿ뺮һȰţˣյΣ֮ʣ
Ļ˵лԼĵġ
лһ֣˶ǣӽ£ȱľˣˣ㣬ǰʱôûְ̲̲Ҳǲˡ
˺ʹÿ궼ȥμó׻ᣬǰЩ뺮Ҳȥлһֵ˻Զʳ߹صĻ֮󣬾ԼҪǱ߱ˡ
ǲǵĸ鷳
ǸʱĻ˼̫ء
뺮ʹٰ
κӷҲżлһлһֺٻţҲǰȥĿš
ѱñ֤ݣһ飬һҲ˵
κӷѾ˴ΰ뺮߾Щˡ
Լûйϲһء
뺮Цһʲô˾ɣʵϾǸŵģЩ˶ɵĵط÷˴ѵĺôʣŸȱ˽֮ǰѾǳдˣҸʵĻȥģˣûˣ
лһ֣ҪԼ죬ǾǼ£
ϣ˵̲µĹ
ʵ鲢ֻ࣬ǰǼλŪһ㡣
̲ھͺͻһͨ˾ƵģǱʲôҪˣʹ̲ˣΪŷĳãԺ൱г
̲ȱ𣿡
뺮ܶһһ˭ưоҪˣ˾Ҳȥµ˸ùܣҲһֻ۱һֻˣںˡ
뺮û˵лһҲס
̲˾ɵ˶ߣȥˣҲǲܵˡ
лһ͵е˶Ȼʦү౸һЩǳʣ
˼ǡ
ҪݴǳʵˣϾͬ⣬ͳһ»ҪˣҲϴµֲ밡
뺮ҪҪ˵ôԵŻ˰
Աߵǳ˳飬ǶԼҴ˵ľԲŻˡ
ֻҪЩ˸ǳʣôлϾͻͬ⡣
ʵҲˣ̲˾˾Ȳ˾˾ж˵˴ǳʣлһһҲûʵĵָʾͬ⣡
Ҳʣ˵ˡ
ʦүóһӵĴǳʱֱӹȥǩ֣ȻͿˣںõʱͳһȡͿԡ
Ŵǳŵʱͺˣ뷴ڣȴǱлһһµĽ˸˳ȥ


194 
ݴǳ˵Ҳ˵, ôҪҪ뿪̲ͬ˾͸Ͻ뿪, Ҫΰ˭һ, ҵ¶
Ÿ޴ˣٿվǰˣ̲ˡ

һİ
С˺ܶ࣬ΨֱλƵĴ˸ϳȥ
һû˵, лһ־͵Ȼûãôһ죬뿪, ûô˵ˣˣһЩ飡
лһ˵ţ˶ţ¶ʲôҪݡ
лһ֣̲ȱ˵ʱΪܹ, ʱȰ, ̲˾˾ɷ뺮Σ˾굣ɣȲ˾ɺΣܴȫһ, ʦүһϸٽɱģ
ǣˣ
ʦү˲٣Щڽ˽֮ǰлһѾһϸڸոЩڵʱѾдһݣû뿪ĹԶϵһףˣ˶ԱϱˣԺɵľܹ¼
𣿡лһһ䡣
˶ͷʮĻش𣺡ûУ
ˣʲô⣿
˶أ
лһ鵭ĵúñЧ£ĺõģλþǵģõģ뿪Щ˾³𣿡
ף߸ˡ
лһְڰ֣ɢ˰ɣȥ
лЯ¹ٶЧ͢رл˵Я棬ֻ⻰ʺϺ
뺮ȥ׵¹֮ʱȫлһֵǰ
лһڿȥ̲񣬷뺮ͺһˣ˵
ϰ𣿡
ϰߣ뺮ϵ˷ܵҲסҲû㵲
лһֱ߹صԣ뺮һеܹ̽ﵽְ֮Ѿʮ㡣
лһְԼˣһӾ͸ôҪλã˵ǽɻģ֪Ƕˡ
Ҫѹѹ̲ĻЩԼ뿪ʱͶˣֱҲûж˵λ鶯ˡ
ԭ˭ܰ
Լܹˣлһ̲飬˶á
ģ
ͺЩ໥һۡ
ˣǡλÿ̫ܲϤһӲ̫ã硭źʵٻ˵ꡣ
Ҳͷ
лһֿǣٿ뺮
뺮վˣ¹ٻ£һ
ãԼˣ
뺮ʩٴ̤ʵ
л˵ԼˣǾͲٻرˡ
лһô˵ˣͺҲûбıʾ
лһֵĶӳɢˣܹôǶӣһССҲѲס㣡
һף
Ҫлз뺮µͬžͲ̫˵ˡ
ͬţ˭֪Ժô
뺮ʱҲһ
Ҳֹһεᵽǿ൱صĴڣ˵߹ܹôҶҾڱ߹شϢ
Ҳû뵽ӳȻԼߵλ
̫ˣ
ٿһԵ꣬뺮ţλѵҲرݡ
꣬лһֶûᡣ
ûˣȻҲ⡣
ǳôлһֵԣڴһЩٳϵʱȺơ
ĸֽҪһ飬˵֮лһָÿһֽ
оҪ£
̲˾ѰºʵһЩҪܵȫҪЭģɼ£Ѹᣡ̰ܻߵȰ漰ԱģԼϱ
˾һݹڷ²ūϸ¼ҽҩбϣ浵¼
Ȳ˾Ҫȱٵʾ̵ȱʲôʲôҪǮɱǰţ
˾ŴͰǰľͿԣҪ©
ǣ
ܿ죬ĺ˲飬лһҪĶѾ̵
ֻ޴󣬾ڷ뺮˵лȥҪʱ򣬻ȴѾˡ
λɣ
ô˵
Ҫ֪ǰĸȥҪӣĴβĵġ
˲֪ǵлûȥֱӽ̺˵Ľ͵鷿µŭűЭ
λְ
ȱ©һ̲е
һ̲һûȥ
Ƕ֮ǰĻѹˣôȫԼš
˵ˣǰЩ̲Ļˡ
һ̲ɣ죬ԩ
û˵˭εʱûأ
㲻˭᣿
޴󣬾˵Ǻ·Ľһ̲ɵļҵ幫֮ĶĨȥ˽˴¡
֮лһֵ̲ʵˡ
˻ϵ֧֣岿ҪҲû͡
̫ʦĲ̫ʦ˼ΣֻڽǵϾͱˡ
ʷ̨Ϊ׵ʷһɫȫ֧лΪ
̫ʦµ˵ҪţǲУʷ̨Щһ
ʷľһ죬˵ôʷˡ
ʵЩʷлһֻǫûκεգһҲûᣬȫЩʷԶԸġ
ԭҲܼ򵥣ǾǱȽϤ˽ڶˣǶ˰
һˣսͱǡ
ȻˣЩ˺ɺϵľְ̲ˡ
ʷ̨˵ǻܶˣеʱ˴ĺˣҲᱻţôˣܹһˡ
л鲢ΪǲˣǼӵİǰ
Ϊʷ̨һӣ˭ٸ˵ΪѲȥģͽЩһĹȥǣ
Ϊ٣װ
ףǾһ໥Ӧ£
ԣҲûڳʲôĽǽлһ֮λֵĸȹˡ
֪ʵĲ̫ʦɷϷ
»ʼλʼ̫ʦӾͲ̫˳ˡ
лһֻؾְ֮󣬱Ҫ취촦һȻԶС
֮лһ˳̲ĹлҲˡ
лڣл־ӣȫл֦ҲźӸˡ
л֦ǲҪȫȫ;ȥһ˼Ҷû˵ľͬһҲˡ
ȫȥ˵µʱЦɵӣֻԼģһӶܸȻģ
һ뿪ºӴʱ򣬿ȫ˶еͳġ
ͷǸп쵽ˣлүӻ˷ܵ˲á
лլ»ʴ͵ĸۡлһҪԼģϴĽլӣҲܿŰԾûסˡ
һͱӵлլ
л˽лլ֮󣬶㿴ɵˡ
̫ˣ
ǼҸһԺӻرĿ
лͰ˶ˡ


195 
̨סô, طǲСǵʱȥʱʵ̫, ȻҲˣҲûд󶯣ܾòԼļҡ
ǵ˾ȴûĸо, Ǽҡ
ھǵļҡ
ֻôΪĶȽ϶࣬Сģ·ϵ˲ʱ
ڿԺôĿ, ȻҪúõʰʰˡ
ǰʰ꣬ȥ˹ŵԺӣԼԺӡ
Թ, ڴϣ½ıлһ֡
ʹӳ֮󣬷ǵһһ·ֿôã˵ǲܵġ
лһַ§ϱһѾͰѹ˱ϡ
Աһϡ
˼˵ļңļ, ļҡ
ȫл֦ھǴ, ͼæϻȥˣԼҵڴ󲿷ֶ޵ˣܲһֱŲܡ
Ǽӣлһǻȥúѧϰȷżٵʱ͵, ʱῼУǵĹΣѧĲʵģҪġ
æӦǡ
;˾ףǻЩ˾ˡ
лһù¸׼뿪˾ǣڻȥ·ϣȫ§л֦䡣
л֦ЦЦźǵҲû˵ʲô
Ϊлֹ֦Լĵܵܣ๫Ҳһ¡
ôˣûỹ˲١
л֦һ뿪˾ǣӾĶˡ
лһ̲ǳæµ
ΪлһҪ֮󣬽ǰѹİȫº˲飬᰸
ֻҪǣģһ
ôһЧˣǣҲˣʷǫ㣬ټϻҲҪʵʩȥлһֵξرĺϻϵ˼
ˣͳаؽᣬز飬̰ذ죬л߱س͵Ľ
һ׮ӣǰģлһҲûô棬ںʱ򣬲ŷͬİȻ永Ǵﵽ
лһԲ鿴֮󣬾ˣõľںһȥʷ̨
ʷ̨ŵ֪ʦǫϸųˣлһʦģ״泯͢ٵģ
ʷ̨˱ͦ˵ģôԱλлгġ
״ʱʷǵ˲ٵ
λ̫ˣ
Ҳýӡ
ΪʷǶǲӣʷǫ֮ҲӣʱһҲýӡ
ȻѵһٵýӣǾͲڽˡ
˰֮ʷɾͺлһһˡ
ԹȨ
ֱ빬࣬лһΪ˱ⱻй©ȥϢԾͨʷȨֱۡ
»ʼлһʱüͷ˼
λ̲һ㲻ڵʱҲֻǫæӴһЩԼġ
ھȻʷһҪĵˡ
۴򿪣ϵɫľͱˡ
ǿľʱϺ޲ý˺ˡ
Ϻдţ
ˮ̰ܻһǣ㣬ѾǣһƷԱƷʮƷϰ٣Ʒ永ﵽǧ˰ʮһ
֮žһˤ鰸ϡ
ŭ
ŭ
ǧ˰ʮһӣô̰ˣյġ
˾ϲǮҲ⡣
̣
Բܣ
岿빬£˾ǵĹͷ
̫Ӧ꣬С鲽ܳһĴ뿪ˡ
ϵ̫ˣһŭˡ
òһԵл飬˼ҾȻûƵĽϱӵۼĳַ˻ȥ
ϵһۣлһִͷû
лһһʷˣҪǱһŭô죿
۽ÿϵ˵ӣŵʷͨһ¾͹ˡ
һЩ̫ͻȻϵ˵ֿ
ʷҪˣ֪᲻ᰴˣ
ڣûһֱʷ
һͨԹٶѣϻû̫Ȥ̫ע
ϣлȻͱɴҪ²˵ȥ
лһֹһ񣺡Ϊգϧ³ȫ
׼
л£
ʷÿֲܹΪʲôһأ
˵ɶ˼Ӵ
ϵŭƺһЩˣûٶ˵һ֡
ԹҲˣҲẦµۣ
̫뿪ʱ䲻ͻˣͬʱĻλҴææ岿顣
˶ɫҴҵģҲûˡ
λʹģǱߵԴֱΡ
Ҳ˵һ֣ϵټ˵ǲ뱣סԴˡ
һ¹򣬻ûиǴϢʱ䣬ȥ
Ѿлһָˣֻһλһ¾ͼˡ
ʱеλʹߵͷ

飡
Դ·Լһ㣬ĵԴѪˣҲȻڿš
ĲУǵ֡
ѹֻϻô˵ģϧ
ҪǿļͷܹĻ
ϣּ̲
Ϊη岿ЭͬӸ޲ģ˭Ұгԣ
ּ
ĵֱðѪлᣬֻҪڲǻлԼɡ
ѣ
лһֻ治ð졣
һǶʮ˾ټϴֲ鰸ǻ׿ּ˭Ū٣ӲϵԴ̫ʵˡ
ܿ͸ϵ̲Ҳˡ
лһֵͬ۰
ûʹлһִӱ߹ر֮ҲֻһΣǾлһֳ̲һ졣
ּģԺ󣬷·˾İһ㡣
αһ𣬵ҲûĹ˼ˡ
֮λֱлΪȫЭͬ
ͺðˣ
̲Ҳûͱȥˡ
ǽԼ¶
бǣŵˣץۣһжеرɡ
̫ʦõϢʱϰԼǰȥֻǣյǣȥ٣¾¶١
ȥҪˣһ仰̲ȥлҪˣ
±»ϵĵ̣ټͬ»һлһֲ¶˭ֱӷˡ
Ӷգ֪ط˻գ
ҲУ
̫ʦǵһɽлһָˣְȨְı˽
ʱѺ״ѾлһֵװˣҧԼһڣ
лһֲ̣ҲԸ̡
ּһлһֺĸˡ
лһԼ͡
лһֺͷ֤ݺۡ
̰Ĳ̫ʦǱлһһʮɸˡ
Ͽ֮󣬾ò̫ʦ˵
ǵҪлһֱĲ̫ʦ
ҲɵǸôҪҸͣ
£ϳԩ
ԩЩȥ̫ʦϸģ
˵ҧгݵġ
̫ʦܾЩȻǽӹ̫ۿˡ
߿Դ죬߿亹ͣ


196 
̫ʦĲš
ôܣ
Ŷõİͳȥ, ôȫ
ǰģֹ, żе⼸²ͳȥţò̫ʦĻˡ
Ҫ뿪Ĵ, лҪӦ˿׼ʱѻܹߣʵûлᣬɱҲɣôܵ»ʵί, в̫ʦûκεصı¶ġ
˭ܸôЩŻ
ʡϣ⡭ϳ֪, ϳ
ϣǹƽģл飬̫ʦ˵ף

лһִӹԱǵһǰ̫ʦԱߡ
û취ǵϣֻĩβ, ʵ, ֲ̫ð쵽ⲻֵǰˡ
лһһ̫ʦĿ⿴·ҪĿ˺һ㡣
лһƽĿŲ̫ʦǵʱ, ڽһũׯ
ڹԱ΢
˵̫ʦԭһȥʮǰˣϵ˰
ڹԱûһ˵ģû»һ˵
лһּʮ֮ٻؾȥũׯûˣͼһЩŸżЩ
˵̫ʦɫˢľͱˡ
ˣ
лһƺûֵλ֪ٴСڴﳤģϼҲһЩʲôģҲУԱپι˼ΣϤ֮󣬡پͷָӵϰŶõһЩֽǿЩҳ͢ıµֽ͡
ƨдģôڸϰŶһֱǷڸ˵ëµġ
лһ֣л̫ʦԭëµİ
̫ʦһֱǺңԲҪҲ̼ߣ¡ҡҡ

̫ʦļˡ
Ҳˡ
̫ʦĲ֪˵ʲôˡ
˵껰ԼҲˡ
ֱСӿˣ
ΣӵЩң
ŭ
Ϣŭ
ٹٷ׷¹
꼰㰡
»ʴΪ̫ӵʱƢƣС
һٷƢԽƢãеļηƢ֮ʱ¼
ŭһǸ˳ô죿
йԱ֪ˣԭǲ̫ʦ˷ųȥϢŸϣлһֵũׯϣ˸ˡ
㲻Ҳûʲô֤ݲǣٿԻ΢ľһЩ
˭뵽̫ʦ鼱֮侹Ȼ˵ë¡
͡

ʲô
˭ʱ˵һ֣˭˵ϾĲ˭
˭Զˡ

лһҲˡ
˵˺ˣԼƺ˵ȥ
̫ʦڳˣӸʵ޶ûп㣬㾹Ȼգգգ̫ʦıɱޣ̡ϳȥ
򾲵˵껰ϵ
־ˢľͽŲ̫ʦߡ
ˣ
ˣ
ûͳȥԼҰҲ¶»ǰ
Լˣ
У
ҪԾȡ
ϳԩԩ£̫ϻ˵ʳһᡭ̫ϻ˵
ʱʷ̨˹ڵأһʷǫ
£ˣ̫ϻʡȷʵ˵
죡˴Σˣȥٿˣ
ϵˡ
˵ϿװûС
ǫˣͬλһֱıɡ
Լĸʣıʡ
ԭǺ£ڵǳ˺ȡ
ԣԳУ
ܲΪ̫ϻж˾Ͳˣ˵ĻԺ˵Ļж˻ͬ
ϵڵĲС
ɱˣ
ҲУ
лһ֣
һĲ̫ʦһ־ǵߡ
ǵҲûһ˵
ң
ϴʱǱŭıԵ˭ţ֤
̫󣬲ñһûԴģȫҶ֡
ñû˱
£΢̫ʦ֪м仰Ҫ˵ʥ˶׼
飡
ͷĵĽǵֱ졣
ٹֱ
һ̣˶ȷһ뷨
лͷ
ڵϵŻϷŭǫҲЩĵĿ˹
ʱĻĲǣĲǵġ
ûԼҲſϿͷ֨
лһûпʦĵĿ⣬ߵͷ졣
ԼҲһ㶡
˸˵
˳ȥһͷлһ֡
ʱлһֱֱĹţԴϻһѪǸոտͷĵġ
ĺ
ۣ
Ҳûа취ģҪϿԼģԼô죿
ĿлһһۣлһֱֱĹţӣڴܡ
̫ʦ֪̫࣬οˣ´
֪Ҫˣ
лһֿҪӲʱ򣬻ϸһ֣׼
лʥˣлһٿһͷǵȥ
ǣ
û취ˣ־˸ô죿
־û߶ԶϵĻлһֵĻǶģڵԱߵ־Ҳᴫ
ܹ־ŵˣҲͷġ
лһ߼־ʹվҲվֱĲ̫ʦӭ˹
̫ʦˡ
˰
лˣ
л˵ͼݵһȣ
л㣡
϶ˣʲôġ
Ȼ̫ʦ̽ӵ飬ǲ̫Ҳܹó̫ʦֻʱȥˡ
λлڿǻǰĺˡ
лһ֣ɿ̫ʦʲôˣõǼţʲôӣ
ˢ
־ɿˡ
ͨ
̫ʦڵϡ
ոձϸŵĿɲᣬڻûء
лһֵĻԱߵ־˿һҲûΪǿлԹȥˡ
ȥɣҲûţ̫ʦǴôĽôһ죿
̫ʦлһֵӵĿлһֵ֡
òٺģ㣬ϷҪݻû˵꣬лһֽĻˡ
ʲô㾹ȻҪɱҡɱЩˡлһִ˵ţֵıƵģСĲˡ
ǾΧǲ̫Զĵط־Ҳû
̫ʦĻˣôţϷô򵥵Ĺȥˣ
̫ʦʵһµģлһԼ˼Ҳûнͣû֤ݣʱɱְ֣ʲô취 
һͨݻ̹ˡ
û뵽лһһȻ־ͽԱ־һѵ˳
־Ҫ̫ʦһ£ٸ㵣
־ԾͲöˣ˼ɣ
лһû
־ɻлһִһ̫ʦһ㾹ȻҪ±̫ʦ㾹Ȼҡ
ڲ̫ʦݵûб任ʱôһҽУЩȦĿлһ־ȻǵԼĸ
ʲô
Ϊ˵ˣ


197 
񡭡񾭲
϶񾭲
лһִ˾ȻŵԴ, ⲻ񾭲ʲô
ĸö˶˵˻ŵԼԼģ
˵Ϊ˵Ĳ̫ʦ, Աߵ־Ҳɵסˡ
лǸһ
û
ǷɵĻں档
лһֲԼͱһֽ˳Ѫеһ¾ͳ, ʺѪʪ˹ۣ
лһֵɫʱͲ԰۰ҪԼ, ӿֱӾˡ
ҧҧŵŲ̫ʦŲ˹ 
ǵģŲ
һ, ۵Ķ߲ˡ
ŲҲرĥˣۡ
־Ҫǰţлһֵ۽Ǳɨɨ
ƽܾ
־ĽӲͣˡ
־˼ӦáòԼҪõϵĻӦá˵İɣ
˳ˣôţ
־ǵ뷨, лһûʱȥ, Ҫ±Ҫꡣ
ȻѾʼˣ϶Ҫнġ
ܲܰװһ¡
лһֱ;̫ʦԶҲõľ롣
˲̫ʦǰСлһȴԼĿԽԽˡ
һֻ, ЩӲˡ
һҪմѪһӾһ
԰׵ϣѪɫαжˡ
㡭Ҫʲô̫ʦŻˡ
ǵϻвͣµŵѪأ
лһֵǰһݣ󺰵£ˣ¾
̫ʦȸƨ
лһ־ŵ̫ʦ߿
ۿԼˣ̫ʦûٷ
ռ˺СĸҪ̫ʦô꣬϶ֵܹġ
һﲻҪԼӹһܵľҪ㡣
Ҫһ£̫ʦ֤ԼǲܹȻ
̫ʦǵڵϵģΪҪлһ֣ȻŲվŵлһٶȿ졣
𵶵Ĺǵ͵Լǰˡ
ּţ־壬һɵ˵ϣҲˡ
ĿǵԼĶӡ
ڻ֮ǰϼһɵлһִʱΨһ뷨
꣡
죬׼ݣ
ٴδ˸
Σеǲ̫ʦҸ
лһĽٴȻ֡
϶Ļ˵ţĵˣҪд̡¡ȡ
ͨ
лһ˶Եڵأ
ڲ̫ʦıǰԣȷϼһûϢˣ΢΢һ
лһһɣǰʱһƬڰС
·һȫˣҲûһ
˵Ļû˵ء
лһ־ͻȥˣ
ιȥ֮ǰлһֻţԼҪӦ˵ˡ
Ҫ־ɵһЩʵ˵Ǿûа취ˡ
ԼܰĶˣǿǿŵһʧȥûˣȻͱ۹ȥˡ
ǸһȻԼȥģҲֵġ
̫ᣬᱻ˻ɡ
ڻϵǰɣǿɱڻԴϰµ顣
лһֿ϶ɵ¡
£Լˡ
ģɡ
־
ͣĲ۾ܹȷˡ
̫ʦһڵˣ
ǵģʵʵĶڵϣõġ
ۿл˶ġ
־ֽŶ顣
ŵģ
˭˵лģ˭ݣ
Լһ۾գģգҲû
˵Բ̫ʦˣûе飬ǷӦʱ򣬲̫ʦѾˡ
졭
־ˣҲˡ
ˣ
һûǽǵϵĻ̲ס̫
̫һǵſڣĴһ

ʲô˵ϲͷˡ
ովֵͦģ˰Ҳûˡ
ҪԼǻϲܹ뿪Լܳȥˡ
ЩԽԽܹ˷ˡ
̫ࣺ£лл̡̫ʦء֪
˵껰̫ͨ͹ˡ
ǶԵڵϵ˵𾴣ŵȽŷ
վֱˡ
ڽǵǰˣɲһСﰡ
ЩˣҲпܻᱻϸ꼰ġ
˵ģ
Ļ˵ģ
̫ﵣĺ£ϵȴ¶һ˿𾪣ϻָ
ʲôҽǰȥǻϣԴתĿ졣
̧ǵߵʱ򣬾ѾԸȥ̫ҽˡ
ſڵС̫ܹ̫ȥ̫ҽˡ
УԼվˡ
Ͽ첽ߡ
ٹҲţſڣʷ˾͵ˡ
ͽܰǫһɤӣȾȥ
ٶû˻ɣСỹ졣
ܿܵǵ⣬໵Ľ̫ҽ̫ҽ˶

̫ҽ̫ҽͽͻСϲɱҡɱҰ
죬죬̫ҽ̫ҽ
ϴٹҲˣһǵһ
ң
ң
̫ң
ѹʷ˿Ҫˡ
ǿŶĿҪ̱ˣ˵һֱлһֵ۵ǫˡ
˭뵽ŶһĹ򣬽ǵǰȻͷһĻ
лһڵϣϵѪðš
־Ҳãɼ˿ж
ԱߵĲ̫ʦҲڵϣѪðһڶϡ
ǵһλε⡭
ϵ۾΢΢һ£û˿ʱ¶һĨЦ⣬Ͼͻָ˺һ
ĺã
ĻҪã׷̫
ܹһģٹôҲֻλŸˡ
̫ҽȥ̫ҽ㣡ϵ˵Ķ
ǣһˡ
̫ҽԺŽǵһξģȴ˾Щ̫ңԶˡ
űء
̫ҽǱ־һ·ġ
ʡߵԴˣʩЩ
ֻ˵л˺Ͳ̫ʦˣû˵ڽǵǰбﰡ
˭ھ￴ϾͽţڳΪٵ˵ͨ
̫ҽҲ⡣
ֻǻûаȥŸһϾͷˣʲôʡϽҽΣ㰡ȲǸ䳥
ϣʩ񣬾µϵ˶Ҫ 
̫ҽʱˣ

ǿɲУ
̫ҽֱΧڲ̫ʦлһֵΧлһֵߡ
Ѿȷˣ̫ʦѾˣ
һҲûˣɲѾ׵
һλȻҪһλȻˡ
̫ҽʹԼĻ
ϲҧ
֥ˮ¹࣡
ֹѪס
ַˣϽʹ꣬ýˣ
ͷ국
ϴٹһԽŵĿţ̫ҽڽľΡ
ģ˵ҩģ˲ͣĴֽŵġ

ǱѾһλˣλȫ嶼Ҫ
̫ˣ
ʱ
̫ҽһͣͰ͵Żϻرݡ£лסˣҪ¶׼л˻ءȥ
׼Сĵ̧ţȻ˾ͺãȥС

̫ҽĶ£˰˸ǿ׳־̧һŴлһ־ⴲϡ
ȥŴ
ͬʱ̧ȥĻѾͬιȥǫ


198 
ڲ̫ʦǱ̧µʬȥˡ
ͬʱ, ϵʥּ˸䣺
̫ʦѹʱ, ̲лһ֣־, ɱͬߣɱ⣡̼ϵ̫ʦ˵еļҾ˾, Զ̤뾩һ
𾪣
̫ʦȻͽ
ռūʲôģûᵽˡ
Ͷֽж鱨ת˻ʵۣҲǻʵôԭ 
»ʼλ, һоҲҪˡ
˵ȥĻֻĨڡ
ûʼҾȻҪ鱨²û͡
Ҫ͵Ļõ
̫ʦڳΪô꣬˽ΪΧ˶ˡ
˸ʼĨ, ⲻ»Ҫġ
̫ʦ, һͽ֮㹻ˣԾûнϸ˵ˡ
в̫ʦͨе֤ݣлһֱ˵ϢԴ̫ʦһ˵ȡ
лһֱ̧֮ڳ־˷
Ǹ־, ء
ڱ˵־ǻ˴ġ
ʱڳ־ÿʮ壬ǽһƤ
ĸǱһٴ壬ֻһڣ̫ҽǵҽ˵ã˸Ȼˡ
ûһ˲ġ
ʮͦңǣҲûпǡ
֮ÿֶʹ㹻ĺô
ϾҲȷʵǵʧְ
̫ʦд̻ϣ鵱ǵ汻ˣʧְɱΪ
ֻǴӣʹͣ
ȻҲʣΪʲôô־Աߣɱϣл黹˳
⣬עû˻ش
־ԼҲ˵ǵļҲû˵
ЩлԼ˵ģͱҲлԼ֡
˵˭ţ
ǽͰ͵ĽлĻ˵֮󣬻϶˵ľͷǣȻʹҲˡ
һӾ˽ˣлĻ
Ȼףʱڽǵϵıô֪ġ
ҪѾ֪ˣϾҪ˶֪ģ㹻ˣ
ˡ
Ųţ
϶ˣ
ˣŲţ˭ܣ
ȥ֤ݰҵܣ
ȻûȥҵģҲû˸ҵġ
Դˣ˵лõʹġ
й˻ϵ棬˱ȴ飬һӾ͵˻ϵۡ
ĺôҲе˶Щۺ졣
ĺöÿʱлլ
ͣžͺͲҪƵģʵҲȷˡ
ʹ͵ģȻǲûǮ 
лʹյȴûһ˸ˡ
֪ڴϣʲôɸ˵ġ
ǸһɽҲν
лһлҵĶˣнɽҲûá
лһһΣӲǻ죬ѹ
񴥼֮ľǿ˼˶˺üȦ
̫ҽ˵ǰ˾ȻˣǾǲѣл˿ɶŻˡ
²ĶţлһֵƤһ˾ͶΧ˹
лүӵЩƵ
ˮлһֺð³һ֡
ѡˣ
лүᣬﶼᡣ
Щүһֱŵģûҵᡣ
ϼҳҪǵˣŮ˾͵Żˡ
Ϻÿ춼һ󳡡
ϱ͸˵ˣ۾޵׵ľûȥ
СǵǸˣÿ첻κ˴ߣԶȥƴѧϰ
лһˣ
лˣ
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лһֺ˵ˮֳ˵׺ܹ֧Լ˵仰ͱ¹ȿȡ
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Ѫʱǽ˶Ż, ûʲôҪ˵ģ
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Լڽǵĵϣǵġ
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Ȼȡɻϵ˼棬ҲδؾųԼҪ˼
ȫԼ˵ûдԼ
Ǳְû˲̫ʦ̣ЩҲֵá
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Ҳ˵Ǹеĵطһĵض
Ҳûа취ҪԽԽأҲԽԽ࣬˭Ҳܲˡ

֮Ȼţ˵ǴǰģʹԶģб߹ؽҶġ
֮ҲӰ쵽˱߹ؽʿİΣһЩҲȾˡ
ҩĵŸӼУ߹һʱҲռô࣬Բ˹˵ǰ
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Ҫ˵㲻ȥⲻ벻ȥģʵʵԭ򣬳֮ûбʵġ
ľͲˣڳΪôеģûбҽĴˣղʵҲֻһˡ
лһֳ̾ϢһʦҺ͵ʦƫһλ
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лһ֣ô뷨ӵԭ
ʦֲܰܣԼ͵ôԶĵطȥһȦȥ
ҽʲôģҲԼ㡣
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лһѾţҪҪڴɸһصġ
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лһϵı̫ԣлһʵķӡ
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˵˽ԼˣʦĪ
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Ҫ˵췢ߣҶûʲôɻɵģڷô߾Ͳò˻ˡ
лһû˵֮ǰǫû뵽
֪ڷҽߵǰǺİġ
лһһἰʷҲ뵽ˣص߷ļڶ죬ôھȻôģġ
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˵ٺֱ֣ⲻʦϵĳĺó𣿡
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ǫһлһ֡
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лһ֣
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˵಻Űôôɣ
֮ǰʦܻ˵Цġ
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˵ɥʦ֪ܰˣ֪ˣ⼸һֱںڣīֽҶ׼ˣھͿʼòã
лһһҲ̫ӣʦ˵ʲôأ
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лһһۡ
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ӴλҶ磬ɻǵõ걻㻤ԵССӶ
ȣλлֵܣǹƵһͬɹ¶


Ц֮໥ı˴˵ļ
ֵ֮鶼Цˡ
ֵûӴЦ¾ͺȡ
ƣǺþƣ
лһַҩֲռĽѾƣζӼУǾ㡣
ûһš
ةฮ̲ˣҶӱ߹ش˭ǰա
еգûԴȥˡ
˶ˡ
ٻҲס⡣
統Яٴλص˱˴ǰһ㣬ҶлһصĿ޳
лһв̫ʦڵõϢ֮󣬾Ҫ
ǱϵˣûлϵĴگ߹شǲ뾩ġ
Ҷ
ҪлһֲΣϢȥлϵĴگʥּҶָʲôԼϹء
ʥּˣҶͿӱ޵Ǹϡ
Ȼˡ
ûп̫ʦʬ壬ҲûںֵΣѵʱԡ
˶ױ˴ĵ˺ۡ
ͬ飡
ûˣ·ˡ
ٻصһƴЦĵط֪ʱô֪η˻


202 
ҶлһֵĲӵ, ھǵҶҾҲһߣҵ˵ȫԷģ
лһ֣ھƽĶ㶼, ԺԼ͸ҶүүҶģתﵽ, ҡͲˣ
֪оƾУԼҲעŵ㣬黢Ҷ˵̧ͷЩ۾˿еİ, ֪ʲô
лһַļ, ֵһ̧ͷſС
£ŵģˡ
ڶһ, Ҷ뿪˾ǣ˵Ѻ뿪ġ
лһȥ˾ǽũׯũׯֻʣͨũڿлһֹʱ򣬾Χ˵ֲ, ʲôʱ

ûл, лһǲܺЩ˵ġ
, лһְȥӶһЩˣũׯϵĻƲܵˡ
ȥ˵ؽѣĶ, ǾƽѣһСƿҲû
лһֿʰôɾɵεĿЦ
һǲŸϲõģҲˡ
涼߹֮ٷЩӺҲһĺÿڸС
ȥæлһھƽһ˶лһ־ھƽѵĽӡ
ЩӶũׯЩճɣлһһֱûҪԸġ
ǳҶҾԼĻѣĶ
⻹ڿŽ֮ģû뵽Ȼôˡ
´Ѻݵʱ򣬸Ƕ׼һЩõҩ˴߹ȥҲǾЩôˡ
лһǲȱӵģȻҶҾЩá
ֽӷŵҩֲռȥ˽ƽȥ˾Ʒ
Լҩֲռľƿ϶ͲˣӽԺũׯˡ
*
ʮ塣
̫ʦǰġ
ǰδеٶȣ̫ʦ׵ʧڵĻʼҽġ
ԶԶľܹʼҽĵĴţǸоˡ
׵Ĵʯţǻƣ
ʼҽģ
һȥͳ˾ǵһ󾰵㡣
ϵֿɲ˭ҿģڲһˣ͹
ôߣô̧ͷܹˡ
̫ˣ
˵ǵҲҹΪľܹ쿴ϵױ֡
ϵȻǺõġ
ɷ裡
϶һҲģ
֮󣬻дģҲĳޡ
лһָܽһ仰
߶˴ϵΣ
˽Եͷǡ
ֻѡڰʮ壬ҲΪ˺̨ǵǸ
ظĻûôЧˣĴĻҪμ׻Ļϼ·˿Ӱ졣
ôһĽ׻ᶼܹμϵġ
Żϵңʱϵá
ĿĻһ죬ڸطһӾӿ˾ǡ
͸ˣɳɳˡ
ӾǵĸŴܹŶӽǵ̶ӣǽĺͱ߹صһֻҪжõףﻻԣҲС
Ҫ֪Ϣٸõʱ˶ˡ
ͱ߹صǸǱʼϿɵĲͬΪǻʼҳаĽģʼԼĶȻֻࡣ
ֹھ⴫ϢרÿҲһֱţȻҲǰæģÿɽٶȣǶнġ
οܽڵԱã׬ֲԼǮõ¶
ȻЩ鶼лһְŵġ
ҪܵĿ죬͸ҹݡ
죬ԸصĽĵԱڸ˵æµжɹ
ߵģ
һȱ
Ȼ׬ĸ١
и˵˵Уһ˵ģ˾ǵľ֮ϣ
ϸ߸ϡ
ǻҲһֱڷƣֻҪǮģûһܹϵѴġ
ĵʱ򣬻лһֻ˽
̨ǵĽȻˣлһֵˡ
ǾǵȴǺûκεĹϵ˵лһɣܾ
£ϸˡ
ʵΪʡЩǲհɣֵлһֲġ
־ᡣ
лһֿ϶ǲҪģͻʼҷֳɣԼ̫
οԼĲȱӡ
ӾģȻȱȥһϵĴӸʲô
лһִ˽֮е˶ǾϵͷŰŽȥģ˷ǻֱӵ
Žˣϸˡ
׬Ǯô죿
ô࣬׬̫ˡ
Ȼ󣬵һ쿪Ļʱ򣬻Ͼʹ˽˽ġ
ǰ־ۻˡ
־û͵Ҳûȥ⵽ߣڽĵĵǼſ˿
еģǴӴһУ賿ûͣһֱˡ
־۾Ҳգһ£»ϳʲô¶
ǻϸ˵Ĵﲻ붯
ôˣ˵ʲô
˵Ҳ׬˵ӡ
֪׬׬ǵ֮ĽĵĽʱ򣬻ϻǱסˡ
εĽ
Ľǧ֮డ
⻹ȥгɱ˹֮ģлһֵĻǣԺʼҽԼõĶҲùȥμӣиõĽ
ʼҵĶǵͼõ
ѲõĶȥ߼ۣᱻ˵С
ӣ˫Ӯ
ϾʹӦˣ´ν׻ô죬лһְ˸ͳơ
лһ֣ͲҸ
Լһĺࡣ
⻰лһǲ˵ģڻǰʲô˵ʲô˵Ǻġ
ôţһ죬ȻͲˡ
˻ʲô
ʲôҲûɣǽ̫ʦһ¾Ȼǧˣοлһֻõ˺ܶĵط
ܲš
ÿ»ܹһЩֱһܹӵҡǮ
ԣҡǮء
ӵĻܣֵ춼ϲ£ˡ
лһǲٰ켸
طճٶ׬ӣõ¶
ٹ٣ĸ࣬˵ٷ֮ٵ¶ɣ˿϶ɾһһ׼
лһ֣
ǳԵͷˣ
òһط㹻ˡ
ط̫̫࣬ɢҲ
ǵĵط޵ģܹ̫ʦŪһѾǧġ
һ˵ط¶лһҲûôľ
ϸˮ
⻹ǵһ£Ժֻᡭ

лһ˵ģԺÿи¶
ڹڵʱ򣬸ûֺǵĲ϶˯ˡ
ĵĴɣлһֵ֮λԽȹ̡
εľлһ֣ʲô鶼˽һԲߡ
ʱ䳤ˣγһɷ
ٹʲô飬ȴةฮĶԱڳϳ
Ҫ˵֮ˣǾͲˡ
Դлһֻû⡣
Ҷǰ֪ڽǵϵЧʸ˺ܶ࣬óȥˣҺôҺð
лһ֪µʱʷᵽġ
Ҳûôæˣʱ˵˵û뵽ǣ֮û˰


203 
Լ˵Ļ, Ȼᱻ
Ҫ΢תٴϵĶ
лһֵĺЩ亹
ʼһֱûм򵥵ġ
ܹλӵ, Ǳ˸ݣ, ֶΡ
̫ӵ»Ҳô, , öˣǻϵ֮
˲, ˲ã
˵ˡ
ĸƤ
οϵĸżƤû֪
ʦ֮һ, лһʧˡ
޵˯š
ƺ
лһ֪, ᡣ
һ·ܹɾڵԼϹ˲١
ǰ̫ϻ, ڵ»ʡ
ûλʵ۵ʶôԼпܻºӴǸС, ӵĴпܵ, ִƴôЩѵˡ
˯ž, ˾Ͳ˯ˡ
Ҳû˯ŵĸо
ʼд, дֵĹУʵҲƽ͵Ľ׶Ρ
ԽĲʱ, дֺƽľԽԵ쳣
ֽ̿, īѾŵԼˡ
̧, ֪˭ˡ
˯, дһ˯
Ұ๫ĥīһ˯ҲЦ
Щ谵ĵƹԣСۡ
๫ÿ춼, ϡ
ܰ๫ľǽľ๫κεĵġ
֮ˣ̺ŶũŻģھһЩ໥룬Щǹ°ŵġ
ʱ˼ҴСƾԳˡ
С͵õọ֮̃ΪѾûˣû뵽ֶ֮ˡ
İæ£ǰϻݵĴ˽ﲢû̫Ц
տʼʱ򻹲ϰߣڿŮ춼ı֮󣬱Ųܹ˶뷨лŮ˿Ƿ˺ݵȥѧ
ܲǲٱ̫
Ҳǰ๫飬Ͱﲻæˡ
ٳϵĹ俴
лһֿϱӾ֪Աˡ
Լͬİۺֱ̽Ȣ˵ʱݣЩһֱھĺġ
Լȴھǵı߹Ȣһ̻ŮΪޣлһֲûȴҲ֪ڳΪٿ϶Ҫ˸۵ġ
ΪҵĹ˼ңڹٳϰﲻлһ֡
ǾǣһҲﲻϡ
лһֲֹһε˵ԼһˣѵҪϱң
ǿ϶˵ɣԼ
лһΪԼδʱ򣬻ȴǸһ
̫ɺϡ
ɺϵлһǻɻϲֻҪԼ֧ԶԶġ
лһΪղǰ߹Ѻݣ߹е⣬ȫ֮ſԻ
лһͷһ Ϲһ񣺡ּ
ּô죬ּܲܿɣ
ּĺлһҪԵġ
ǵϵٹܾûεղġ
Ҫ֪лةʱһֱǻϵĺˣղһѾͦߵġ
ξȻҪлةǰһǱ߹أ뾩Զĵط
߹صÿ궼в٣Ȼˣǰлһڱ߹صʱ򣬻һЩҲֻȽ˵
Ͼս²ϣȻûдսСսȴûжϹ
ʱ򣬱ʵ۸Ūȥղˣֹлһֻ룬ٹҲ뵽
ɢ֮лһֺʦһȥ˹Ӽࡣ
ӼٻѾˣֻïʢҶӲټܡ
£Բ衣
лһּʦһ֮ϽʦѵҪˣûʲôŭԹ飬ģ
ʷˣû˵£
лһȻģôһӰ֧ôԶ
ϾͷһʦѹԼҪע⣬Ͼ͸ԼԶС
ղҲһҪȥôԶοôһƷԪ˵߾ߣҪ˵ûб뷨лһԼš
ͽľᣬǫۡ
ôˣͽܵԸƺûб仯١
СĵʱɣԼ벻СģƫƫԼ÷ſĵʱɣ˼
ֻע⣬ҪҪ㣬ֱӶУðȥôԶ𣿡
лһ֣ʦô˵ɣ
ǫò߹ս³ԽҪһ̫ҽȥС֮ǰͰŽһЩ⣬ιȥӦҲܰСæ
лһ֣߹سˣ
ǫͷǰ̫ʦǸϼһȻ£Χ⾳е紵ݶĻ϶ܹ֪ڡ˴ˣȻ򣡴ƢˣԽԽ˵˲٣ݹȥǴҪȥսҪģ⡭ϵĵӲᰡ
ô˵ˣ
лһָԼıǼ⣺ʦһĹ٣Ȼ壬Ǵȷʲôģͽ治
һûо
˭뵽״ԪҪȨ󷨵ģԼֲ״Ԫ
ǫû㶮ȥսҶͷ˼֮ǰʯļƲķǳãҲҪӣ
лһ֣ûӿĺðɡ
ҶҾڱ߹ô꣬ûзӵģԼк÷ӣ벻
벻ҲȥѾʥּȥ
лһղҪȥ߹ضսȻҪ˵ġ
֪лһҪȥ߹صղ˹֮⣬˶˵˲á
̨ǿлһֵĵһְأ˵ҲϤԲûʲôɵĵġ
ȴǲûô룬˼ÿ¶Ȼûֱӵἰ߹صս£Ҳί˵
ʰлһֵĶᡣ
ǼҵӹˣСģҪûءء
ǹٻ磿лһְԼϱѻ˵ꡣ
ʹͷ
˼ֻû˵ڡ
֪ҪǸڱ˵ļ϶ԼķһƷԱʱ˵ó
Ϊة֮󣬱ǰæµˣ˯Ĳãÿ춼ð
ΪؼľǣˣҲġ
Ǹ׬ӵģڹ¼޽֮лһе붼˹µ
Լһһʷǳɹ۵֡
ǷλԽߣϵЦȴԽԽ١
ǼҲ̨ǵĶ࣬ûжʣҪȥ߹أҲ˲̫࣬ͽ˵˳
лһϱ֣Щпĵôףٹ꣬һжȶˣ϶عϰƽӣ
µͷҵţ룬үү̵ͺǣ
°ϱ֣㣡
һӾѸٵĺ
ʱʱľͻһ£۵ĺܡ
˼ˣʥּʰõĶװ˳Ѻ׼õݣŸȥ
⣬ʮͤ
лһּ˻һϺʦˣΪԼģ߽ˣŷ־Ȼͺ˶ڡ
໥ݼ֮лһֲ֪ϾȻ
ǵ񡭡֮ǰ̲µģҪǶˣʱ̻УҪȥ߹һһȥٴꡣ


204 
ȥʱ治̰
ǫѾȥְ̲, Ժ, ľͲҪˣ
ϣһ·˳ع飡
лһַ֣ʲô֪ı仯ˡ
Ѿ, ô˵, ȻҪӦˡ
ղּٶ, һӾ׳
Ŀ뿪ϵҲ뿪ʮͤ
лһ֣¾ǵģ
Щˡ
һۣʷ˵һȥ߹̫, Լ˴ǳʣ
Ŷҿԡ
, , ԸģѾֹһεʷ˰æ˵, ʵڲΪ٣ۣлһ˵˵Լʵ뷨
Ҳʹͷɲ𣿵治Ǻ, ÿ۵ĺһ, Ҫİ, ǸŴ˺, ֲõĵԴ
˼˵Ĳλ, ȷʵǲʺϵ 
лһ֣
ǰѻ˵, Լ˵Ҫ˻ܹ͵ûȥ
Щ˵ļ, лһɡ
ѸٵĽӹѺݶ, ͸ˣǽյ鱨תлһ֡
߹صҲʦ˵ôһ죬ʵϸصĶࡣ
ûôϡȱ, Ҫľˡ
Ա̫࣬߹Χڹԭ߹صĽʿЩ̫٣һЩ˱εͻȻϮԱ͸ˡ
ͻȻϮ˶̨ǵˣҲΪҪлһְֿ
ÿεĽ׻ᣬһЩ˴̨ڲͨһ𣬻治̫÷֡
֮лһ־Ѿ˴ŵ뷨
лһֵһ˷̨ǣ̽һǽ֮Ͻֱ߹Ӫ
ͷԼҪܺ⡣
̨ҲŴʮ꣬ʹԶ˶ͦϤģǰ̽ҲѲס
Щˡ
ԴȽֱģҪҲô껹Ķӳ
ʵˣҴһ˾ǡֱӽ߹طӪУ˼ɣ
лһ֣
꣺
˵ɫЩӣе㲻֪ĵʾ
˵治֪Ǽ˼
лһ֣ĵĽǣô˾ôе˶֪ɱԮˣС֮ˣ
ˣ
壡

Żճʱûٸ¶
·ҶϤ
·Ḷ́ûܹ˯ĺãлһ˯
ǳ
̱ʦ֮һϣлһ־ʧˡ
޵˯š
ƺ
лһᵽˡ
һ·ܹɾڵԼϹ˲١
ǰ̫ϻʣڵ»ʡ
ûλʵ۵ʶôԼпܻºӴǸСӣӵĴпܵģִƴôЩѵˡ
˯ž˾Ͳ˯ˡ
Ҳû˯ŵĸо
ͻȻ뾩ǰһΪ˯ţҪʼд֣дֵĹУʵҲƽ͵Ľ׶Ρ
ԽĲʱдֺƽľԽԵ쳣
ֽ̿īѾŵԼˡ
̧֪˭ˡ
˯дһ˯
Ұ๫ĥīһ˯ҲЦ
Щ谵ĵƹԣСۡ
๫ÿ춼࣬ϡ
ܰ๫ľǽľ๫κεĵġ
֮ˣ̺ŶũŻģھһЩ໥룬Щǹ°ŵġ
ʱ˼ҴСƾԳˡ
С͵õọ֮̃ΪѾûˣû뵽ֶ֮ˡ
İæ£ǰϻݵĴ˽ﲢû̫Ц
տʼʱ򻹲ϰߣڿŮ춼ı֮󣬱Ųܹ˶뷨лŮ˿Ƿ˺ݵȥѧ
ܲǲٱ̫
Ҳǰ๫飬Ͱﲻæˡ
ٳϵĹ俴
лһֿϱӾ֪Աˡ
Լͬİۺֱ̽Ȣ˵ʱݣЩһֱھĺġ
Լȴھǵı߹Ȣһ̻ŮΪޣлһֲûȴҲ֪ڳΪٿ϶Ҫ˸۵ġ
ΪҵĹ˼ңڹٳϰﲻлһ֡
ǾǣһҲﲻϡ
ﲻ
Ҫģ
ԼԴ뷨ģʦԼ㹻ˡ
Ůȶ˸
ˣʹԶ
лһǳ飬Сıš
̫Ѩлһ룡
˽һµ顣
ʦֹ˵ھִǰȥˣ϶˵ԼĲ룬ԶŻôɵˡ
ԶһϿͷݼ
лһֽҶϤˣڳûˣô˵
Զæлˣʹ˵ǣ
ԶпĲˡ
лһֵʱεʱ򣬿ͦ򵥵ģ̨ǵĵطȻ󣬲¶࣬ű߹ؽİģʹ൱гɾ͸С
ǵԼεʱĸоĵˣѾȫʧˡ
ɾ͸ʲôĶõģһһ£ûϹ
˵Ҫű߹ҶҾĴڣʹܻܲŶ˵š
ô컹ߺУؼҲߺеĵ㣬ûԶ
ڵ֪үҪȥǵʱϾд˼Ӽæš
˵֮Ҳ˻ϵĻţǳϵĻûнʵ취
ǹ˵֪Զлһģ͸˻ֻлһֻΪղʲôʱͲ֪ˡ
Զͬǿһ㣬˶ڹٵڡ
ղǿ쵽ʱ򣬾Ѿ˸ԶŹȥҲΪˣŻô졣
ڼ򵥵ʺ֮󣬾̸¡
ԶҲʵû£ϵˣ߳ʱ̫ãٹ¾Ҫ죬ʱûдãֻأԼԴ˵ܱס
үĻˣûв鵽һԭҲûУǽӴĶȾߣңûͣԶݺݵԼԴ¡
Դ̫ݣ챻ͺˡ
лһ֣ȾҲʻܻЩİɣ
֪Զһ⻰ˡ
ˣ¹һʼģ˭֪ЩӴĶǼԵģѺ߾˰
Ҫ̵ô죬ôҲΪڵӡ
˵ϸ㣡
Զô˵Ҫߵ⣬ֻǣҪѺõˣֻصģ߲˼·͸
лһڡ
ԶͷǰӺһģһıȽϿ죡
ΪһֱڣȻûһͷ
ߵȻӣȸտʼʱҪĶ࣬Ҳûͣ


205 
ʵǲ̫ò, ΪǽӴ˶, ô飿
лһָ棬Ժżܡ
ɢļ, Ⱦ߻ϳֲ֢Ҳ, ߹صûľͲˡ
ѵ߲ʱˣ
Ȼ, лһֵˡ
ˡˣԶһֱĶлһֵģǽȫҶѺλлˡ
лһλղҲ˵Ļ, ôԼһȫԴҲпܵġ
лһ֣ʱ, Ϊ, Դˣ黹Ҫȫϣ
뽲, ¹ǣ
ԼԼͼһˡ
лһ֣ò, ֢ߺ֢ͨҼ߷һ, , Ҫ, ʬ
ǴҪλأԶʵ
ʬʲôĿ϶Ļ
лһ֣ɼȥҪ֪, , ȥ
ǣ¹ϾȥţԶΪô, ǲѵġ
л˵˵ʹֶ, ĿԻС
뵽ܣԶ
ôص¼ô, ҪĺйأЩƤ
ĺݻͲ˵л˵Ķˡ
ԶĿ죬뿪Ҳ죬ŵʱһʱʱȴǸԶһѣԼΧܻв˴ڣٻʹµʱ򣬾Ͷ˼˼
лһԶ뿪֮лһдһ֣ɻȥЪϢ
Ҫиõľͷеġ
ٴ̨̤ǵĴţлһЩп
ǰ뿪ʱ򣬻ΪҲأ
˭뵽ż갡Ȼղٴλˡ
ֻ˵̨ǵԵǲС
үˣ
л˾
л˰
лһһǣаڵԹ¿޾ȡ
лһЩᡣ
Щ˶ԼϽΧǸʱȻ΢ŬһЩٲᶪ
ȴ
λף𣬱ٻᶽԴ˾촦£ؾţ
л˻ǵǣ
лһ֣˱¡
꣡
лܹűµ¡ǰЩС̫лˣ
ȺУһĶĿˡ
Щ˶ûбȾģŸȾߵԽԽ࣬˭֪һ̻᲻ֵϣ
л˻ˣ
ǾΣ֮ʱл˳Ϊʹļǹ˺ӡ

Улٴǰ̨ǣǵףǵġ
ǵӣβš
лȴǵػÿҪʱ򣬶ǵԡ
ܵǵļڴлһֽһһ
лһ֣ôɰ˰ֻһ䳡滰͵˰˵ĵл
Ŀ
Ŀ˾ҪĽˡ
첽ȥ˸ãһٳٲԸ뿪Ĵ
ղûдǰ칫ڸòԶĵطţϣֻҪһܹˣͿ֪
ڴûжô£ֻҪܹԱ㣬סͺá
ô򵥵ڴʵȴǲûôס
ʹڡ
ԶѾŰʬ塣
ľ߲߾˵Ҫ»㱨ģûͲˣû˵Ҫ㱨£ȴҲǼȥڼеظȾ
ˣ涼һЩϸڣлһִεĿ֣߹ȥͿÿʬԱ߶һֽдںϸļ¼
ŵĿ꣬лһֵε˹Ҽʬ壡
ǣ
Զϳȥˡ
֮ڵ֪ȻҪлةһʬ壬Ĳˡ
л̨ǵүţֻû뵽λүȻʬ
Ƕʣлһ־ѾʼԸǰˡ
һ˸ʬı仯һǸʿڲĲͬлһ־Ǻͺһλһ
лһֵľٶǳ׼ٶȺܿľܹҪȡ
۷Ź⡣
л˲š
ֻûһ˸˵ϻġ
ʬȫ֮л˵ɫԽԽѿ
ֵͣʱѾɺڵˡ
ˣ⡭ԶӲŵСһ
лһ֮Ĺ٣ܵʲС
Ҫôȥ»ᱻлһֵĺųôġ
лһһ˹ŵԶͨ͹ˡ

ɣ鶨޹˵йأԶֱٷ飡
¹ٲңԶͷðæ
ɱ⣡
ڸոգԶлة￴ɱ⡣
лǸĹ٣ôῴɱأ
⣬ȴԶϴ
Ȼ֪Լ
лһֲֻǣŭˣֻԻ϶ǺԼйˡ
Զ飬ϣȷʵûκε˽أ°סҲҡ
ҪǺйصĻͲôе
Ǳˡ
лһѹѹͷŭ𣺡Ǽ򵥵Դ˵˵ɣ
λһۣЩΪѵֿ˿Զ
ԶӲͷƤֱ˵޷
Լû£ʲôµġ
ҪԼˣԶܻᵣбè塣
лһԱ߶뽫һ٣ʲôϽ˵
ʱˣֻһһĿˣ
Щһģ
ʬอжļ󣡡
֢ĸؽ϶࣬อˣ٣ԡ
䣡
ԶԴһӾˡ
˵ͣ
Լ¾Ȼ¶һǴģ¶
ողվˣڵϣͷЩı
˭ҪԼģ
̫ˣ
һȦҲûԶΪʹֶ֮һºͣҪ˵˵»ûС
һԼ̲סĻɣǲԼ˰
Զ겻ӣлһҧڵϹŸ˭
ԶСĿлһ֣ڵվ
Ϊ˫ȴЩվȡ
Ƕ˽ʬ̼¼ҳȥ
ǣӦ
ǣԶ΢һ㡣
Զ·Ʈġ
鷢ڣҲû뵽
лһεĿһۣ棬ָ⻹۽һЩˡ
ЩԶˡ
ʧʧ֮ⲻˡ
лһ󡭡ˣ
Զ˵˹ЩƮ
лһ֣鷢˾Ҫ취㺦ҪܹõĻҲñٵˣһأԼ̴ְɣ
ˣ¹٣¹١ԣھôĴˣȵİ취Ҳˡ
߰ɣлһֿһۣ־Աȥ
ǣ
ԶҲ˹Ⱥųȥ
ˣ۽ŵİҲ뿪
±Ƚϵ֣лҲûϸһ仰Ҳһֱ￴š


206 
ںܶʱʵܺ˵, رǶŵˡ
лһȷʵû˵
ԶΪһʹųҪǺͰ˵, ֻĿֻš
ԶûҪȥͷںš
һֱܵǺӴ, ͣ
ԶӸ, źӱܹ
лһֱҪ죬ʱѾվڻǺӴˡ
һлһ־ͺ껤ǺѲص˷ֱ𿴹˭쳣
Щ˶ǵֵ, ôɵģԶЩż˵
ε߳ôʱ , Ǻ߲ͬ, Ҳ̫ˡ
ҪǱ, ϶ϴ̵ġ
һ, лһ־ͺ껤ǺѲص˷ֱ𿴹, ˭쳣
Щ˶ǵֵܣôɵģԶЩż˵
ε߳ôʱ Ǻ߲ͬ, Ҳ̫ˡ
ҪǱˣ϶ϴ̵ġ
ΪѵܵǣǳϣĻԼϡ
лһû, ź浭ĵԴΪأ
¡¹ղˣȥֵǽ, ϹʲôԶݺݵĵһ˵
һĸ˴ôãȻ֪˵Ƣԡ
ҪõŽ𣬱ġ
һӶˡ
ŶлҲǵ˾ͲΪ˽ֶεˡ
ôһ룬һľͷˡ
һõȥˣĶںӱ߿š
Ϊл˻ڰ¡
ˮԺõģÿȥȡˮ
ЩˮǷܹá
Դ˵ļˮ⣬һˮ⣬Ƭˮ˿
ǣ¹ϰ֣ԶӦ꣬˳ȥˡ
лһҲһĶҨˮţǿʲôɿġ
ǿĺæµ
µǰﲻæֻܸɵۿš
лһڰŵĲˣŻͷЩһۣ˰ɣɻȥɣ
Ŷɻɻˣʲô
ǾԼԴЩõġ
ںӱ߸ʲô
ǲûˮģˮϳ˲ݾˣܲȥɣ
ʱողι˵ģӦòô졣
ԶҲһԾĵţ˰ųȥˣҲ֪Լøʲôˡ

һ˰
Ҳܹ⣬ҪɻǺ£ֻ̫ˣʧȥӦе뷨
ЩҪһ
ģԴ˿ӦҪȥ⣬ûһȥ򣿡
ԶãȻĿ˹оԼԴкü
ûðȥʲôģѹûһⷽ뷨
Ҳ಻ģ
ˮԺõôˮмȡˮЩͬŶ¶ӣСֹһ䣺ˮĵط£
ˢ
ڰе˶˹
ô˵Ŀһˮ֮󣬼ȥˮˡ
ô˸עţͦ˽ŵġ
ԶˣطˮҲļ𣿡
лһֵͷǼ˶ճǲûʲô쳣֮ʲô
Զ룬ͻȻҩˮ
ȾαߵǲȥĵطǳҩǺˮˮйϵ
ϸǼ˵ճ¼ȷʵڸЩ飬ʱֻǾ̫ͨˣԲû⣬ڱѣඥԶһӾˡ
лһ֣Խǿƽ飬Խ֣˲ˮԴҴ˲Աػһϲ
Զϵ¹ףлЯ
Ȼлһֲû˵ԶѾˡ
һڹ֣ʹֱӹϵֻҪĻ˸¾ܽ
ҺлˣҪǻһˣпܾͻὫ갲ʹԴϣȻܽˡ
лͬʱԶҲﰵЩʮ˱顣
ûţץס֮󡭡Űɣ
Զ˽еˮĵطһ飬ˮ̨ڵˮǺһĸǷֳʮ顣
һˮԴرȡˮ֮á
ԽԽˮ̨ǵҲˡ
ȡˮʱȡˣǼˮҲԴ˴ȡһ㣬ͽǼҵˮˮˡ
úˮˣ
Ȼúȡ
ֻˮãĿԣ΢Զһ㡣
ſˮԽԽ࣬Ĳ²ҲԽԽࡣ
ԶǶõлһֵĻûҵĻ֮ǰܽ˵ȥ
ǵĲ²²⣬ֻҪ˵ȥǸ˾Ͳṷǽ
ֻܲͣİοĻһҲҶ©Ψֱл˸
лǽģҪǰѴ˸ˣ¶û˹ô죿
лһֿ϶᲻ܡ
ԶȥˮҲûţȥͺϡ
̨֮һһһҲûš
ô֮󣬻ǴһЩϢ
̨ʱӪ
أͺϢ¼ֽϣлһֵϡ
ҲѾɵϰߡ
üԲñͷһҪ鱻Լô죿
ʲôĲԱȽ˽ܡ
Ȼÿ˵ʵʱҲᱻлһָĻ
Щ˶𣿡
ͷ˷ģѾȷٶˣЩ˺ǽǵһֱڻǱߺٳˡ
ҲߵҲǣһѾһԺûгˡ
лһüͷ
벶ȸں
벻ȸô
͵˳ȥɢϢ˵
ͺ֮Ͼʹ˳ȥˡ
лһִȥʹԶڷֹ˼ͷֿˡ
Ȼһ̨ⶼˡ
ˮԴ뿪ˣЩ̽ҲĲˡ
ɻʱһϢĴ￪
ˣղ˴Ҫ뿪ˡ
ӣ˲ˣ̨ǵûб߸Ⱦ˶Ӽˡ
Ҳûиʲôر𼤽飬Ƕʹš
ǵģֻš
Բȵš
û˵û֣ǺƽȵţҪԽԽ࣬ÿѲֵǻû쳣ˡ
Զ֪֮Ҳǰڰ֣æµԼ顣
֮ãȻľˡ
ߵˣ˻ʲôæأ
Զȴ֪ʲôҲûнʱǽĹؼ
³ɲˣû뵽ô;۽ôˣֻǲ֪һǲҲܳȥأ
ҹ죬ûûǡ
ʹſڵ˸ˣѹѹһƬ
еᵹ˯ˣеǰ̾Ķʹſ
˶ãȻŵģʹǰԸܰղ
Ǹ˵ģڼҲǵ߼ʹǰš
ǰɣҹеˡ
ҹİԶǳߵһЩˡ
˼ҵľͲ࣬˯Ҳرľѡ
ʼ䣬ͿмӰЩȺ뿪ˣԺĿ̫ҡҡͷ۾
ǣЩ뿪˿ܲŻԼ뿪
ûпЩ뿪֮ʹĺŴһСӴźµҲ뿪
ҹĻ£ǰ˺СģʹΧתȦ֮ſٵķֿ뿪
ЩܵķǼˮĵط
⼸ˮ֮ǰԶˮԴʱ˵
Լõĵط
ЩܹˮԱߣΧһۣȻѸٵĴóһ򿪾˽ȥ
궫֮תҪܣͿǵ֪ʲôʱ򣬾Ȼˡ
֮£ȾҪܡ
£м˵˵
ԱߵһȾͰҪܵ˸ˣ˻ûзӦʱѾ廨İˡ
˻ˣͣĺš˭ſңſ
׷ѹˣͬûˣ
ˣˣ
ڰУˮԱҲһķͬ顣
ֻطȣǼһûôˡ
ʹʱ򣬳лһڳץ˱ȽĶĿȫǡ
ԶһҲһǱˣһץȰ˺һ١
⻹ԶŵĽҪֳܰ⼸һҲпܡ
лһüͷûгѵ⡣
ԼЩ˸ôһֻء
Լ϶˸ٲ˿
ᶼˣٶ˵Ѿ档
лһֿ֣ʣĻ֮˾
ˣʲôİ취Զʡ
Ҫ֪ʵĹ̻кֶܶεģղķץģȻҲҪղ˵Ļˡ
ҪлûЩͱȥܡˡ
лһȻ֪Զ˼ΪղҲйصˡ
ɨһڵϹŵˣлһüͷһ涨˲У
Զͺǣ¹
˲
̫ðˣ
һҲ˵ġ
Ļ֮˿϶Щˮ¶ҲùôԵЩ˵α߸أ
Զ˴ȥȥˡ
ЩҪܵлһû˿Ρ
ΪһЩ˽ģͻô˵Ͳֵͬ顣
ҪĻεлһֶԶʰЩһˡ
ɺޣ
̫ɺޣ
رǱģԶǴҹڶһͰѽʵлһֵǰ
ѪӡлһֿЩ˶
ã
ˣЩ˱ȽϷɢҪץǵĻֲʹ٣̨ɢҲСɵˣ˲ˡ
лһֵݸһţȥӪʣ룬ҶػһЩ취ġ
Զ˫ֽӹȾ˳ȥ
ŶҶǱȱľ

εα¼߹صĽʿҲһЩȾˡ
еҲҪɹģһСֵ˱ˡ
Ȼһ͹ȥҶû˵ϾҶЭ
ҶҾлһԱߣ΢̨ѸٵĶ
Źرգκһﲻ׼
һ죬ѵ㱻ɨ˸ɾ
˴ͷ˱ĹѺ֮󣬾ͱ͵ȥˡ
£̫ˣȱľ£ÿ춼
һôѵ͹ĹԱһһ׵رı֤Щκ뿪Ļᡣ
ǶΪµĴڡ
ʹлһĿ˵ļ¼
ȶԣǷЩ¼ﻹһЩ©
лһ֣ĻûбץǼû˵ʵ󣬲˵ʵǳζ룬Ͳñٽ˰ɣ
Զ ¹ף
ԶôĹҲǳسģʲôѲ
ûκεٴĺǲҵġ
˱ˣ˶Ǳͣ￴ţ΢һ˵Ĳһһ󶾴֮Χ۵̬ˡ
Ǹ¶˵£ΪӣܵˣԵҲûʲô̾͹ȥˡ
ҲûˣҪЩӻʲôã
ٶҲԼСҪ
ȥ˳˺ܶ࣬ọ̈Щ˾ͺ͵ƵİȰȵ˵


207 
, ӡЩ˴߿, ֪Ļ֮˵ڵأ϶ǲܷټҡ
ڶ峿ɵ, ̨ǻڰ֮С
һѾĵĵطȥ
̨ǵһƬһƬĻɽǰͶԽԽ, ͱƬЩͶˡ
ЩƬһطرģط˶Ǳ䵽߹صˡ
ڷ˵УҲһЩǱ۵, Ҫúñֵ, ̨Ǹ㹻İ
ܶʱ, ǲġ
Щ, ǻҪ, ʱ, ֿ˵Ĺϡ
ڱ˲֪ʱЩѾʼڶˡ
Ҫȥĵطرĵط
һ, ͽĿԺӸΧ
ԺӲ󣬿˵ЩܣһЩϸһդԺ, Ҫڰߺõʱ򣬻ܹõ
ʱΪ΢ԶһͿ, ԺҲ֪ǵԺѾΧˡ
ˣȥţԶŲ
лһ֣Դ˹Ȼͨ˲һ
Զ˵ǡȣǣ¹Ĳλ𣿻ʾ
ˣ治ס
ԶҲû취
ġ
ҵѵˣϵ޹ӳȥ˰ɣ
ڳлһֵĻʱЩþˡ
лһɫȥţ
ͷӰһʧԭء
һԺűϢĴˡ
Զ۾ֱˡ
Ṧ
лˣߵ˶Ǹ֡
Ŷûûġ
ԶĽݣлһ־װûпˡ
걣лһԺߡ
ԶҲæ˸ϡ
*
ԺѾˣǶͷԼ飬û˿ԺŲ֪ʲô˸ˡ
лһִ߽֮Ժ˲ſˡ
һ΢֮Ͼͳˡ
ʲôˣ
ȥȥ
һվԺǽǱȥȻһԾҪԺǽȥ
Ժǽϣͨһֵˡ
Ժɽһˣ¡
Ҫʱһžͽָ߻ˡ
׼ֺֿݡ
ߵ˻˺һŷӦҪվܡ
˵Ҳ˽һͽҪܵ˸סˣ𶯣СүƲãϲġ
治Ҷˡ
ŵദֻ
ҪҶǽһ䣬ԼСˡ
ˣǾǲ̼õԺӡܵתһȦ֮͵
İܼ򵥣һ۾ܹóûˡ
лһֵͷЩ滹ˣһǴӲ̸ġ
Щڿлһֵʱľ֮ɫ
лһ־̫ʦսߣ˭뵽ȻҲϡ
±лһˣˣȫˣ
ǽǴŵļһ߿Ŀлһ֡
߹лһŵĶ˫˿һʶˣ
һȻһתһȥˡ
лһͻȻһˮ
ǣ
Ӧ꣬ϾͶһˮˡ
лһ˵ˮֱõ˱˵Դϡ

ȿȿȣ
ˮһϱŵ˾ҵĿ
һᣬþðɣԱãùһ۾ﶼˮǺˡ
ֵֻǣǺôȴֻ˦˦ԴûȥĨ
˭Ҳû뵽лһٴζ˵ԱߣԼٶ˵ģȻ󡭡ͽˡ
ˣ
лôб𣿣

˼ˣ
һϸһ
ֻһżƤԭ
ڲǸŵˡ
̽ӣ꾪ȻлһֵԼ
Ҳһվá
Щֺ̽ϸǶͿо綾
лһֿһǸˣⳤȷʵ񱾵ˡ
лһ֣һȥ
־ͽ˸Žӡ
ûûȥΪػص̫£ȻץģǾʹѿڹʳ
ҪʲôĿڹҪɣ
Ժ˶ŵĶڵϣõ⽣ĶŲӣֻҪ΢һ㲻ϣϾ͵öС
̸ЩǱģлһֿʼڳ˶ǳѺõġ
һҪĺõģǿ϶ǸģԺӾЩ˱ֵĺʱסģ˭뵽Ȼ̽ӡ
˶סˣѾǲҪǶ˵ˡ
˵κεĻûôˣ˵ǱǱģֻѲ̽һ͹նǵˡ
ʻǺܿģʱͽһһ̽Ӹˡ
ͬʱһϸʼ¼飬лһֵɫڵѿ
ЩȫߣʹʣУ
ǣ
Ժ˶
ˣ̽Ǳ˱߹Ҷ˶ԶսʹĴΡ
Զͱˡ
ĺĸЩһһԺסǺúøĹԺȻܹлؾĿܣһܹúúõǲġ
лղеҪԶȻ顣
Ūôһص¼ Ҫ˵ЩûйϵԶˡ
֮󣬹Ȼó˽ۣ̽µ֡
лһúֱһȥ飬Զʹõȫš
ղ참ǱصȫЭ
Լµİѵ˼æԼȴʲôҲ
ԶǸεˣͲ¡
̽ӵĻв̸ôЩĹʣʹʮ̽ӣЩˣ֮һõ磬Ƶ̨ǵĲпڸնˡ
Ĳпûģкܶ˶һӵĲ˰֮Ķ
ĸ̼̽ͬҵʮ˹ʱЩô
Ļˣ
ȥɣ
ô̫Щ˵ˣ
һƬЩһ
ܻĶˣԼҵҲӹȥ
ŭ³
ΪЩ˵˽̨ôˡ
Ȼ˵֮󣬴лһָķ߷˰˸ҩЧ̫ˡ
ʵЧͣǱߺҩֺжˮЧѾ˵ҩЧ㹻ˡ
ô޹˱Ҫǳ͢ҪЩһ˺Щһ
̫ɶˣ
ΧҲûи˵ģֻҪǲӰ·Щ˰ҡ
ҲˣһֱΪæµš
Ϊ£Ҳеֵܸˡ
ûЩһʹԼֵܾͲˡ
Ҳǲ㣬ҪǷĻԼЩЩһˡ
뷨֮ߵررΪͣ
һӹĶ׼ͷ͸ˡ
ѾĿȫǣȴҲȻס˵Ķ
ڵп֮ʱҲõˡ
ĴƬӣһһԴ
߹صѾֹһεĿĳΨһΣ˿ûиоºͿ־壬һЩġ
ҲõĻᱻ˸Ŷˡ
ж񱨣
ͷڳŴʾ죬ÿ춼ҶӣǣԷйԼĵķŭ
ʹ
Զлһֺ͹˵һԡ
Զͷϸ
ҪϣлһֹȥģлһȴԼڲղݹλӻԼıȽϺá
Զͱˡ
л˵ĶѾˣε鲻ٶȣǽеķԱˡ
лһֵνЩ
ȷʵղΪŵǱװ
˵ܸ˵ĺлһ˵Ż
ʵлһֽȥ˼Ұݷõģֻлһûͬ⣬ȴͬ˻ʹԼġ
ʲôѵҪҸȽʵĵط
ȴѡʹǼ˼
ʦܣĲط˵ŤΪ̻ҵĹ˼ңʵϲľǺ͹ټҴ򽻵
УҲǴ¶
лһ֣ʺϵģԴΪأ
ԶĨһѶͷлһֺ͹˵˫עµлղǹ˼ҵŮҲʺʱǰʹбʣ
лһֵͷ
Ĭˡ
˵ࣺðɣˡ
ʵʱҲ˵ˣҪһ£һҪǳɹأ
֪ˣûôһˡ
лһ֣ҸǶһЩ¸׼ģʦֻȥʱţҾͲȥݷˣԺ󷽱ʱٴ׹Сס
˵ࣺˣ˵Ҫȵʦˣ
лһ֣ǣ
˵ࣺҾ֪ǹ˵ģ
лһЦͷ˼ƺ˵˵ˡ
Զ˵ĻûκҪ˵˼
лҪԼ˵ŻῪڣʱԶ͵ԼǱˡ
ҹЩӾҪȥˣʱͲרȥ˸ʦְæ˵һУ
죬ȥ㣡ʦôԶĹȻҪ͵ġ
лһ֣ͣǺúõľˣҺھǾͷˣ
ʱûʶЩģ˵Ҳлһֵ̫ѹ
ֵû뵽ġ
˵뿪ʹŵʱлһ뿪С˵һ䣺Լ˼ģ±ߣˣ˭Ҳˣ̼Ҿõӣȥ֮ʹ˵ף
˵ӦˣŶ
˵ࣺԼװǵԶֲ˵
ôŰôµĶȻǻؼҺʹ˵ˡ
һƬߵһЩŸ𲻾õ·ء
Щ·ش󲿷ֶεαߣΪĴȾŵƬĵأЩиط
ƫƧĽ䣬ġ
ǰһľͷĹˣû
տյ˿Щġ
ΪһʳйʱлһѾǸ·صǰ档
ѾŬļӿٶˣղ̵Ķ̫롭ӦòģΪʳзŵһԵ
лһ֣ȻˣƤ͹ˣȴƾԲһʬ֣
Ϊ֪ô˵ˡ
˰һΪʳд򿪣һƺƱãݸлһһ
лһֽӹûãǵڵϡ
ΪҲһĶ

ٴνӵڷǰ
˵ʱƽµĻǲǾ׹һˣлһֵЩ
Щ̽Ӻ߱Լ̣ȴҲûоˡ
αΪжˮ£еȴǱİƤڵؽ
˾ǲƽ
ǸʱҪǽܵĵ˵ʱݵģǲƽġ
лһֿȥʱ򣬾ͷƽʶҪ֪뾩ʱ˵ġ
лһֵӣϾ֪ԭŽ˵ʶˡ
ѼǸԺӵʱһ˲õĵؽҵ˼ʬ壬һѾʧȥϢĲƽ
ֻܹϵóΪֻʬûƤġ
ȣؽѵ¶ȣӬĲɣ˿ʱĶ̲סס졣
лһڿʱЩ
ԼΪҪѸҳһĻǰһЩǲǾܹˡ
ȻҲ
Ϊܹӵ˳ǰ
ܹ֮ģѾû
лһֵ𣬹Ϊ


208 
Ϊļ򣺡ּ, ʲô취£οԼҲǲͼ, û˹ģ
лһͷȻƵģھǴնˣҲ
ն, ʬ֣Ƥֿأ
лһ֣λ˸İοͦġ
ѹȴҲһ
һеҪѾն, ҲκεĻ뿪̨ˡ
ֻǿϧЩΪЩ̽ӵΪǡ
ƽΪ̼ˣϧɱ
ֻǣûһжǲ̼Լ, Ϊ, ȷʵԹ˱ˡ
뵽, лһֲЩЦ
ʹ, ¶ҲԽԽˡ
лһֿڵϵĹΪ, 뵽ʱ, Լϱˡ
˼дҪ߿ƾ֮·ʱ˵ʵġ
磬˼һҪ˺, Ҫ߿ƾٵĻӽ꿪ʼԲμӣʱҲ, Щһδɣ
Ϊȴҡͷɩ˵ĻҪȥ
лһһ
Ϊƾ֮·ʺе, ˼ֱڿ죬ʺڹٳϣڲȱԲȱȣű˵·ƽϣ򡭡
Ϊûټ˵ȥлһҲûٴ
лһˡ
̼ҾһԵӡ
̫ʦй鱨ôԼŮ͵ΪôΪΪǼ
̻ͨļ壬ûôΣ
ϾڹٳϵˣûƵġ
֮ڹٳܺúõĻ
˵
лһҲֵĹ
ÿ˶Լ·Ҫߣ˼ԺôĹʡ
ţΪܹ뵽һԺ˼ҵ·Ҫôߣ϶һȷķ
*
лһ뿪̨ǵʱ򣬳ּ˺ܶˡ
лһֲõɨһԶ
Զæ⼸һֱŵģ治ҡ
ҲæˣҲס
ðɣʵǲ
Ҳͳ
εܹôףл˿Ǿǵˡ
Щ˼ȥ̨ǵˮ˶Ժûл˶˵
лһȻ֪ǵġ
ǻؼȥɣԺܼģ
ˣһҪ
лһģ
ᵱȻǻϵּˡ
ûлϵĻҲܡ
׼˲ٵĶҪлһ֣лһ뿪ʱȴʲôҲûա
⼸µ
̨ǣԺ֮ﶼ֮ٵģѾ͹Ϊˣٽļ죬˼һټʩ̨࣬ǵ˶ܹ˳Ķɹʱ
Կ϶ǲմĶ
Ŀлһִղ뿪˾㶼Ŀ
л˶̫ˣΪлȴ࣬ΨһľĿʹƽؾ
лһֻصС
ԶۺҶ۵ȥͬʱֽԼҲϡ
ϸĽ̨ǵһж˵װ׵ġ
ûҪò̸˵ͬʱȥ֮һӾͻ˻ϵ˼
ˢľ֮ϡ
죬찡
Ϣŭ
̫̺˶ڵء
лһҲ±Ҫ
ϺٷôĻ
Ҫ˵ˣǱȽ֮Ҳˡ
ѲЩ̸˾һ˵ˣǲ̸ĲҲﶪƽڵؽЩˣҲΪΪ̸͵ɡ
лһֽһն׵Ϊ̫ˣӦý˶նˡ
ղΪ׵
ѾͲٸģЩһҲĨȥ˻ϵһЩŭ
һֵŭȴȻǲ̸˳еġ
ϵ̫ʦһţԶףˣʮڲ׼μӿƾ٣Ժ飡
ʥּ֮ŵһƬ
浣ĻϻٽǸŪ
ڣֻǲʮڲòμӿƾ١
ǵʱǲõˣûݣֲΪ˿ƾŬԺֻԽԽ⡣
ͶȣѾ׬ˡ
εĲ£лһְƯѾةְûˣȻǱʹ˺һѵĶ
ͬʱָһص
Ǿڿеʱȥʷ̨Эһ¡
лһּʷ̨ʷةͬʷǫһʷ̨
ʥּһ£ˡ
Ѿʦͽ˸ѹȵĿˣڱ¸Ǹһôĺţܲȵĳˡ
Ҷͦ׵ǲǣгã
뷨Ĵ󳼲٣ȴûһ˸ĵϵǰȥ˵ȥ
Լ̫˳
ʥּǾԣⲻǸԼҲʹ
ȻˣҲȥұˣһرֱ׳ȥġ
ǫһ͹ʩ˵Ļȴûϲ㷭ۣ£˵õϳϻأ
Щڵľʷ̨ЩϼһˣΪʵ̵ҲЩ˼ҡ
˵Щرֱ˵Ļ治һܹȵ
λôá
Ÿȶðλʷ˾һֱҪ»硣
϶챻ʳˡ
ȫµ˶֪ʷ˵ϼûкûˣ硭˭ţ
⻰Ҳܵʷ˵˵˭ûˣ
ԼΪҲҪ˼һ³ӵ
ολʷˡ
ۿǫֻԱߵ̫ʹɫ˵ڵô°
ǫ£ϳŤˣվ
ϣҲš
̫æСŵǫԱߣˣū۰
̫Сİ£ʷȻǼֵ鷿ͲԸ
̫εȴҲ߿
µµҲŸʲô
ֻ̫Ŀǫ˰ǱвҶˣлú˵£
ʷҲƵĵһۣ˭֣ô͵˻ôˣ
̫ˣ
²ܾİ
̫ʷ˶ŵʱ򣬻ڿˣлú˵ʲôӣ
л¡
ˢһ£ʷվֱˡ
һԷ̫໹һ£ûڵϡ
ڼʱסԼΣҪˤ˲Ŷˡ
Ͻ۷һԣüģʷ壬̫ŸոջسôҲϤһʷ̨ɣôżӲʰ
˵ǫ¶һЦ·ģлةæٰһ˾ͳˣ⼸ϳæϳǲǾܣ
ϣûô˵
ǫͿϳòãһ˹¿ġ
ۡ
ͺ˶֪ÿͽܶһȥ㸮Ƶģ㲻ȥʷҲὫλʷ˽ӵԼȥһȥ꣬ϼһﻹֺǺǵ򳯳ҫš
ڵãֹ¿ˡ
ˣû
ʷĵҪϻ磬Ҳ˽⡣
ǿлһּҵĺҪżˣȥСһ
ðɣϳϣлةҵĺӺͨȷʵ̫һ
޻Ůޣһص㡣
Ǿǡϲ
ֹʷĸоԼҲǣżԼӹܹʱʱ򣬿϶ȥĵطǾлһֵļҡ
֮ǰ鸮ٵةฮֻ֣ܻӭĳ̶˿ûܵӰ졣
˵Ҳ֣ЩڹӼѧһĶлѧһļǵ

ĸҳ
ԼҺôϽǻҲ⡣
лһȻԼ̫Դؾ֮ЩСʲô⻹ϲ̣ҲʲôֻҪлһֵĽģ϶ͼӰ
Щķӳݵˡ
Ҫ֪лһǼŹӼģʵڹӼʱ򲢲࣬һ굽ͷҲĽڿˡ
ֻҪлһֵĿΣǱ뱣֤ĵطС
Ϊܽ黹徭ɷΣҲ󲨵ѧԱǰȥΣΪܹǰεܹ£ÿлһֽεʱ򣬶Ҫġ
ΪģҪǽſڼ˾Ͳ̫ˡ
лһݣȥĨɱҲȥˡ
α߹αߵ飬ûַлһֵһ͡
̽ӵѶܹˣʲô
ּɱҪ̻˲У룬žлһַŵʷ̨
һЩΪʷҪ۲ĸϸ£ԡ
ڶȻʷǫҪˡ
ٹ٣ڶܹ࣬ʺʷ˻ûУҲֻлһʱܹʤˡ
ԣոջлһ־ͱһּһʷ̨
Դˣлһֵûж룬ֻһССةʦҪԼȥġ
ѹûʦעѾԼҵļСӸȥˣžҪ˦ȥ
ӹǲԼͽܣʷ˱ʾû⡣
лһֵԴҪ뿪Ļܿһʵ档
ʹٵ飬ٵڵة࣬лһֵıʦ൱⡣
˭ܹģٺ١
ôĹĹٶһ㡣
Ϊеʱ򲢲ĹܹúùٵģһùٲǶܿɹҪ´ϣ
ܲɣлһ־֣һϣرʢ֡
֮ʱкܺʵöϡ
ⲻɺϣԲǡ
ֻܹкʵˣǶлһģ˵ͳġ
лһֵ˼ԣʺǾ͸ᣬǨʱڵְλȻľȥ
Ϊлһֵʦʷ˶飬ǾԷĵġ
ɵǣҲġ
ֻڳʷҲ̫żһЩ
ܵøŻؾлةഭɡ
ʷ˱ʾô
ЩȤСһͲȥϹʹˣϲľЩСһˡ
¶ĵҪ˦Ҳر⡣
ͽڱ߹ôҲûôż
û취ʷֻˡ
գɿˡ
ʷжΣóҲлةܹ£òã
ã꣡
һȥ¶ˡ
ʷֺǺǵİݱϡ
̫˻ͼ鰸淢
ϵֱ߻һ裬Ҫ˵һȥͻȻ̫ҲСˣ˵ǰΣ
̫ࣺǱʷ˸Ӱͦ
ô뵱̫ϻˣ
Ҫ֪λ̫ϻڿɻűµģΪ껹̫ӵ»ʱƹ
̫లվһԣû˵еʱֻҪ˸Ӧġ
ΪǰĴ̫࣬Ȼһġ
ȻһֵǲУ̫ӻ̫̰ˣⲻУ̫ÿϳǰ󶼱뵽鷿ĳ͢£
ǣ
̫뿪ȥ
鷿ֻлϵʱ򣬻ϵһĨӵģţʵҲôİɣֻǸʱ̫żˣҲȫҡ
գϵһ̾Ϣ֮󣬼ۡ
λǻ˸ıһЩġ
ȻЩıԼԸӵһҲڡ
Լ˵ȲѵģߵһλǲԼ˶˵
ڣ
Щ˾ֵõġ
ǰ̫Ӳ볯ĻᣬΪǳбҪ
ȵ̫ܹˣԼҲʷһӦҲ̫ġ
ʱлةҲ쵽µ˰ɣ
ôһ룬ͻȻЩˡ
лһֵӣпܻǰ
˦˦ԴϼæԼġ
ǫͷӰˣٶˡ
ĪøĻϾԲܱҡ
κ˶У


209 
лһּʷ̨ة֮, ʷһӾˡ
ͽϣûԼ
ʲô¶, ֻҪлһֵǾսᡣ
, Ӽ, ټʷ̨һץ
»С, С»ޡ
̣
ʦ˦֣лһô, ֻܾãʦа
ð, ʦΪ֮ġ
˼ԸЩ仯ܹܵġ
С, Сġ
꣬ԭʷ̨ǫˡ
ͬ꣬лһֽʷ̨һְ
лһָʲôϳʱһվ͹ˡ
̫ҲϸѧˣСֻҪǵ˳֮, ˵ۻ⡣
ǻľʹ̫Ӵ, һֵϳܽܡ
и谡, ɰȵȵĴʶ˻ϵϡ
ŭ
һϼһＸ첻ǵɫҪűˡ
Ȼ˵ʲôлһ־ͿˣΪæµλô֪ģΪЩ˵ʱʱ̵̿ķֲģλ￴иģ̫ף¸ǳʱڣ廤СĴʥˣβģλͬԽ󣬶лл
ˣ⣿
Ҫô˵
ԼڼҲԼСΣ֮Īϴ̫ڽǵҲûʲô
ѵ˵ΪûҪǰ̫
⻰˵ڵġ
ⲻǸԼҽڣɣ
Ƕܿף̫Ҫλģ˵̫ӵĻܲôϾֻ̫ŻϼԺ̫ӵϴͳԼڷ
̫ڻǰȷʵף˵һҲûС
Ͻ׵̫д
˭Ҳô˵
ո˵ϳ͵˻ϵһۣͼɢɵһĳ
ˣô죿
һ䣬˹İС
Ҳûһ˵ˡ
ûԼģǻôõĳô󳼡
ϣԼûгУЩϼһˣ档
̫ӣ̫Ȼ仰ͽԼˣ
дķ
һĿһȣ˭ĻҪ˵𣿡
ʥ
Ҳ˵
˭˵ùлةడ
Լʮ仰˼һ仰͸»ˡ
ֻԼ֪
ةӼʷĽǣǣ
ǾͲ£Ϊǲ𰡣
һ˵ܸɻӵһƷԱлϵɽȴлϵǰʷ
˳˭ 
ο̫Ҳ̫̫Ľţһ֪Ժһλл˵ӡ
лһֺæ
æûЩͬŵС˼
С˼˭УԼҲУǸԵģǲɱΪԼĶһЩ
£лһֵС˼ԼĴҪμˡ
ϳϲãʱлһֲΪĸرļ
Ҫ˵Ӵӱ߹ػ֮ͲμӵͯԺ͸ԣûжĸо
Ҫ֪ʱлһֲμӵʱ򣬿˵˺֮⣬û̫ѹ
ǵ֪ӼҪμˣлһҪĪЩˡ
֪Сһû⣬ѧϰʵд㣬Ǿ͸ûʲôѹˡ
ʵϲǡ
ةฮˣлүӵĵܵãһĶ
˵ģӰ쵽鷿ѧʺӡ
лһ־ãԼӦǱ˸ӰˣԲŻôŵġ
ûµģýţϳ֮ͺڹӼһôдôдûдеô£ŶˣĶҪҪٿ
Ҳţܱҵ··ˡ
Сӣ㻹лһεɿ֡
ҺСûԼ֣ҪܷѾǺˡ
СӵûжŵӣԼˡ
ͳةฮĴ֮󣬿ź뿪лһֵϰµƽ
лү˵һҪǸŹȥ
лһˢĻͷԼүүһۡ
æүү˼ԶԶĿŵӣҪͲȥˣ
л־Ҳлһ֣Ҳ˫ż
֮ǰ˵ԵʱԼСȥУüȥ͵ġ
ʱлһִӦˣǲܸ̫ѹ
ô˸ȥͣɲǻ
ҪԶԶĿһ£Ӧûйϵġɣ
ʵлүӣлһ֣ǵĵġ
Ǻӵ԰Ժھةฮ˵ʵ̫Զ
ԼԵʱɽˡ
룬лһ־͵ͷţ׳
ǣˣ
ţæȥ׳л˶
ү̫̫ˣСӲͬأ
ΪлһҪ治ȥȥ˵ġ
ܿ쵽˹ԺĲԶ
ΪſڻкܶѧŶӵŽ룬λأǵֻܿŹԺĴţڶмĺӣͿ˭˭
󲿷ֶǴŲ·ֱſ¨ˡ
ǿĸԼҵĺӣ
ϵү̺͵ҲǰŶӵĵطȥ۾գһ¡
лһҲһȻڻͷʱÿ˵ģ
ٴοүү̺͵ʱлһͻȻЩᡣ
ԼǸʱĿԣΪűȽԶֻеţ˶ֻܸɵڼģʵǵӦҲҪŵİɡ
ȻȥʲôǾôĿţرˣΪ֪Լ뿼ԵĺӲ̫Զ
İ߾Ϊ˸ĸɡ
֪ԼŲܰʲôȴ뿪
ڿŵĿԣڿţҪʲôֻҪúôҪĿż˵顣
ĬĬģŵ顣
˿棬лһֵĻҲûİڰ֣Ű졣
лһΣֻøԱߵظȥȡһЩ
⿼Կһһģֻﶢſ϶С
ͶˣɲΪ¶żϻСҲʱʱģԾظȡһЩĺͲˮ
㹻лȻеӵȴ൱ܰ
жûһô׽ˡ
ŵģүӾ͵ڿĺûԵģͷࡣ
ŲˮֵڿĺӺȲˮ᲻Ӳ
л־Ҳһĵǡ
һľͱˡ
лһָ
ԼҲ֪Ӧô˵ˡ
ѵ˵ΪԼĵġ
ֻԼصıȽûб˿ˡ
Щ࣬ǼСһԵľرˡ
ӦǺԼһֻǺɡ
лβŻصةฮʵһֱﲻ̫绹ҪЪҲҪټˡ
ֿˣɲܵ¡
ҹҹĿԣϿ˵ѧܵ˼㡣
һصԡͰﲻ
лλҲһġ
лһ³֪ԼӻԡͰϴʱ򣬾ʶ̫Ծ
ȥһͼѾ˯Ĵӣȫ֪ˮѾˡ
ʲôҲ˵־ͽӴˮﱧ˳һѾԡ˹
ڴϣϱպͽ
һڿڵιȥȻˣȫ̴ӶǱ۾Եġ
˵ĸолһֺ
Ľ񵽵Լ֧ĽȸУ


210 
ˣˣˣ
ˣ
˽Ԫˣ
̫ˣ
ȥմմϲ
һ, ةฮǰʹһıϲ
ӹԺǰةฮһĻ㼯
ܿ죬;۵ةฮǰҲˡ
Ⱥǰ, лУǸ˵ӭлˡ
лүм, лĲ, ֳŵ, ÿ˶Ľѡ
ȻǱ˼ҵĺӡ
ҪԼҺ˽Ԫ϶һ߸ˡ
˼, ȵ
лȷʵȵȵĻЩ˯ûȫѡ
ҪǷүү, ָٻȥ˯ء
⼸ʮ˯̤ʵģ˱ϲʱ, ˸Ľġ
һԲͣ˵̵ǲ˵ֲֻͣģ͸˵ˣ컹ûʹߴȥ
ǸʱԺŶû򿪣ǲ
治֪Ҫȥôʲô
ԣѹû
ֱϲˣʵû취, ̫̫˵Դ, ʵ˯ȥˣ
ⲻ򵥵ϴˢ֮ͳˡ
лһЩлһֵġ
ϡ
˼֪Ǹ, ˿ǾǾ࣬侲ġ
̫үϲˣ
ţԪ
λˣ
ţһԣϽ׼õĺݹȥ
ֵǺȵ裡
л̫үˣ
ġ
û
ԼܵĿ죬ةฮϲȻֵˡ
ıϲҲͦˣͷҲǵһݵġ
ϲÿһصĺ⡣
ϲл־ΧĿֵȺһЩͭ塣
ֵ˶˵ļ
ϲǮ
˾մϲġ
ÿлϲµʱ򣬶ٵһЩϲǮģǼĹлҲǿֻȥ
ȻϲǮﲢ̫࣬ͷð
˵Ԫлة࣬лҹҲһꡣ
˵лɣͯԿʼһֱڵԣһ·һġ
е˽Ԫ
ѵɺϣ
ôɺϣҲԼɺϸһ˫Ԫ
ҲеĻǾһԪˣ


ԻŬġ
Ҫ˵лҵŷã
š
˭ҺӲŬģֻǽǲ̫ԸЩѹˡ
ԣϲմ
մϲڿ͹ٳ϶ˮġ
Ҫ͵лةˣǾΪ֮İ
үӴ
̫үи
лл
л
ϲǮ˵ĻҲˡ
ţϲǮҲЦŻӦ
ҵ˿佱ǵҲй⡣
Сɭӣ˰ɣлүӲӵֵ
ˣҪ˯Ļˡ
үү棬֪лȻ˵ôɨ˵Ļ
ҪŬУԺðǵһүүҾԲˣ
л飺үүģûģ
úãúӣлүֱ֣ǶֵĲ֪ôˡ
һԵлơллܴİ磬ܺһԪмˣûˡ
ðɣǼھͿռˡ
ֹģǸù̶ȣֱĥ˵
ǿ˶ĥѣǴƫƫǺûвƵġ
Ҳ⼸һֱ˯Ƿ֣ʵҲͨţֻǰȽ̡
ԺԼҲҪ
ԼҲҪĥ¡ͦܵģֶ֪ܼá
л˶ô죿
˵ǳǵǸʱŬǲ֪һģСѹ
ڻȥŬ֪ü
ſڵĻܽС
Ժĥʲôرѹ
лһ³ʱ򣬿ŴӵĽԪܿġ
ٽԼĽԪóһԽԽ˳ۡ
ԺòŵʱͽﱣţԺ˵Ҳһμѻ˰ɣ
˵ǣȿҾͽл鵭ĵ
˵ѡ
ڽ˭棬û˿
лǶ֪ǰ̱ŵģ׺ͽס
ԼģȻҲҪˡ
ۺĿŸӼ֪Цš
ƽƽԼҲû뵽Լгһջô֪㡣
лһֳŶʾһ£豭ֿ˿һźЦǵļˡ
л붮
վ¹ڣԵ裬Ȼֱݵĳ
үү̣үү̣ܵãСɭԲƣжˣ񣡡
һ˵ʲôл
ȴǷ׷׶Ĳˡ
úȣ̫úˣ
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ģ
˲裬Ҳʼ͸л
ǰûУڼʲôҲȱ
ÿлһֶһЩãҲһЩ强Ǯ
үӵ˼ǲҪлһȴÿ¶
强ǮȻҪԼˡ
һҪӵʱҲȽϷ㣬леýԪ˶׼
лүӵģ̰ϵģȻүүл־ݵģǵлһֺµģлƼСҲ
ַƵĺɰҲͼСӣСԼֻΪ
ֵǮȴ㹻ĵġ
лһһ
ⶼǼ˵⣬Ȼúء
ϣù֮лһԼ鷿ڿ飬лƴܸܵǰҹĹ¾͹ˡ
๫Ъ۾ɣлһֽ֮󣬹²Žҹ˵ǰ
ҲлҵϰߣֻҪлһ£˭ǰš
Ȼˣæ϶ʱ򣬹˵һĵǲ¡
лһ෢ɬ۾ÿڿˣ
½˹԰Ĳβ裬ţ
̺ţЩŵ㣬ʹˣ
ܰϻݣвסˡ
ˣżҲ³һЩ
ǳʳǲ࣬ԵĶرů⡣
ʹˣлһֲϣΪš
Цŵ๫ģһΣҶһԿŵģ̺Ҳǵ㣡
лһֶһڣ˲㣬ӷûֽŵͷʹˡ
̧ͷͼϱڳſʹɫ
лһ˳ŷ˹ȥ
ͼӶվſڣ͸ӵĳֱ
л˵ʲôӣлһһлƼϽǰվá
վ
ϰˣֻǽȴЩн
лһҲ档
Ҫ˵⼸ӣԼľǴл飬ġ
лҲֻ˼ûڶϣȽǶɷϲ
лĶлǾֱӺͶԵˣʦĻ˵ǳ佫ķߵģʵ̫̣ܽǵ·ܹǲͬģ˵ˣߵ·Ҳһܹܵù
ŮǾǱ¸͵ŮѧѾ֪꣬ͨˡ£ڼʱҲҲ͹ͷ۵ġ


211 
Լ⼸Ӷвġ
лһǰڱ߹صʱ, ʱȥҰ⽼, ǸʱҲʱ䣬ǻؾ֮һѶѵæ, ûǸˡ
Ȼ, ͺǵĽӴ˺ܶࡣ
ڿźһĴ, Ҫ˵ûидƭ˵ġ
ƽʱʱԼæǵĵεıȽ϶ࡣ
ϱÿ˯ǰ˵˵һʲô, Ȼһ쵽ĶǣҪ֪ǵΪ, ںӵĳɳûȱʧҲһֲˡ
ڿվǰͷĺӣлһ΢̾һ¾͵, ûæ꣡
лø첲һлƵ첲лø첲һлƵҸ첲
лƣܵôӸ磬ʲôʱһһҵվԼԱߵġ
лһֺ͹Ҳ
Сһ𳤴۳ͷĳ̶ȣǷлĪ
л͵ۿһԼף׳΢ЦһͷĪľûôˡ
ĺһ£лƲ̧ͷ, Щ, ȴѹǷݽţԼƽȵĿڵҪǸ, л˵棬ԭº
лл͵ͷ˵ǣ
лһƽſӣûбĵ˵ɣ
лһĭֵȽϱÿοԶò˵һҪȥԺԣҵģҵġ˵һò˰׻лҶŬˣģǾǿ˴ġ
лԼҲΡ
ͱһѧģΪǳŬţڿԵʱǵò˵һ
ȻҲر𱿵֣Ļм֡
˵ɣѾˡ
˵ɣżװĩλġ
ٴγΪһټ̫ү˵ĻһӾͽˡ
ǲ뿼ؼǿϵһ
ѹɽ
̹ˡ
˵ˣĸϽ͡
лҲǣ
лңҲǣ
˵꣬Դִˡ
ȸոջҪͣΡ
žۡ
һԿţˣҪڰοڿлһֳҡҡͷŽԼҪοĻʽ˶
ںӵĽϣġ
ǷֵĺƽлһΪֻҪ๫˵˻¾;Բᷴ
ںܶʱ򣬹ҲںӵϣлһֱԼҪǵĶ࣬ӵ֪ҲΪˣлҲƫġ
Ůޣһͬʵġ
󻷾ԭлʫл̲ȥμӿƾ٣
ȥѧҲûǣǵŮѧͬѾͷ˲
ȻˣںǰлһλǴȺ͵ģͬʱҲġ
ʵⲢͻ
һζΪ϶ϣúʧȥ͸׽뷨
һ㣬Ӳлһ˵¾ǴĸҲ˽ӵ뷨
ûԾŲܵõһлһ˵Ȼǵġ
лƵԴûӻû˵
л֪֮ģҪ˵пҶûУ϶ĪǰɣǸ治Ǹ
лҲҪٵĻһܿһҪǲһ𿼣ǿ϶һûܣ
ǵֿҶϽģؾ֮кĥ£ͨǵĶ֡
һȭһ⡣
ǳ˳飬ſڰοˡ
⼸СѹͲҪο
ͲŬļһҪһٱӡ
ȻˣӴСûблһ
ðʱҲһû¹
ֵ˴굽ĸֶ׵֪ء
ˣֵʱر۵ۣÿĿ࣬ˣá
ĺû۽ţбµԴܽ˵ִʲô£
ǲǱ£ЧС
лһִǷϻҲһ
ȣΪǵĸҪһ£ǷһӰ쵽лҵ档
ΣΪʿǺʿǲҪϵ뷨ϵ뷨ԽԽжһſھ͸ԼܳΪһǸ̬
ֻŬŻ᲻ڣǴܹн죬ûûڵŬĽǲСˣ˯ŵʱ򣬿ʣǷҲŬԼڣ
ϾҪеĺӶϲģΪ˸ףлһϣǳɲţ󣬵Ȼ⻰˵»ҪŬһЩС
Ŭ֮һɹأ
һҡͷûôŬ
ʹȣıȲˡ
ڿʱڿ飬Ҫľȥˡ
ڸϰʱǿ϶ȥˡ
һֱˣȥҲǡ
ģ
¸̫ʵڣЩûˡ
ڣҲǵǰʵڣȥ֮һһȵ 
Ҫ͵óԽѵƤ֮ǲˡ
Ҳϵġ
лһֵȥú룬ȻдһŬΪлļƻͽʮİɣ
ллɻ̧ͷʮļƻʲô
бҪ
ÿµļƻ飬ƻôдϾ仯̫󣬸οʮģһ𰡡
л˷ܣʲôʱ򽻣Ҫд֣
ϲľдֶˣڶүѾ˴ţôһЩɷʵеˡ
򵥵ˡ
ѹѡ
лһţһº󽻹ǾǧҰɣʮļƻôҲٲԲԣ
лƣ˵ĶԣԲᵢϿεʱ䡣
лһ֣úӣ
ллˣ
лһֵͷ
лŻɻеܾܵ뿪鷿
ллдҪõǧ𣿡
лƣǧ𣿶򵥵¶΢Ӿдˣ𷳵ˣûæأ
Сҵôģأ
һʲôƼƻ飬ǧ֣ǵдֽ˷Ѷī
Լ
ҪΪɵĻߣܣţӦÿԻлġɣ
ֻǣܾûлˣΪѾͱôˡ
ûˡ
ӵЩס
лһ˷ܵܵԼķȥƻȥˣƻÿ¶д治ѡ
ѹûע⵽Լµܵ ޿
ǧֵļƻ飬ĻҪЩдֵļһİСĺòã
ȥˣЩĵĹºлһ๫ҪСɭӸ˵˵
˵˵ʲôģȻҪһˡ
ǱĲᡣ
лһЦЦֵãҪ£ֱȥүүģ˵ʦأǣ˵ֻҪҸ͵Ľڡ
һȻҲЦ
Ҫ˵谮ǵĿ϶һһҲûС
лүӻãСлһֹġ
ǫǼֱ⼸Сһ񫣬ʹӵԺ󣬼ֱ˵ʲôʲô
ҲлһѹţҪ治֪ܹɳʲô¶


212 
ǵԸ񱾾Ͳͬ, ټԼͱ˸ǲһԺӵ뷨Ըͬġ
Ϊ׵лһǿĺġ
ΪһлҶΨһ, Լĺӱ˼俴ء
ڱ߹صʱ򣬻ֻм, ˾֮, ʦټϴӱ߹Ҷү, Ǹǰ⼸ӵ
лĳɳǴ̹ġ
ǰ̫ү̫̺үү̶ǼĿأҲ簮, 󲿷ֶǵ˵ʲôʲôˡ
ֻеѧʵˡ
˾֮Ӿͱ仯ˡ
ʦүʷ, ˵Ļɲܱͨȵġ
ڱ߹رȽϤҶүүҲȫˣڼе, Ҳ档
һȥҲϤˣܸܵԡ
Ҷүү̸䣬ǿ֮ԽԽá
ȻˣҲ̼ܵܵĲҵ
úѧϰ飬ǲҵ
ԴˣҲװûпƵģÿѧϰĵĶôܣˡ
˼Ҽүүֻһ, Լȴкüλ
Ȼүүֻһλ, ΪʲôԼүүȴôࣿ
һλλԵĲôرӡ
еļλүүǺİ
ʦүǫΪǰʷ򣬶ںӵĽһʦͽЩﱲǰ, ȴǴȺͱĶࡣ
үүлʵͽũΪλϸ˵ĶԣԼĹǱλ̳һƷԱġ
ˣϰߣ
ҶүʹˣһְҶϣҶ岮ڱ߹ûлֻһΪҶ̵ĵҷڣΪ㵥ڸڵ֪ǫ֮ûκԥĴ˸СҲˡ
Ҷүûµʱͻ̺Ǵȭϰ䡣
˵СǶ壬˵ȻҪһЩӡ
лҺӶడһҪʺϰأ
ǾǴ׬
˵ҶүķˣЩӺҲ
ؼЩرøʲô͸ʲôҶҵЩСӣλүүһܵıӻҪ졣
лҵĺǣҶүүǲܣ׵˵ˣϼλˣᰤģ
һܲ׼֣
ΪϲļһȻܶһһˡ
Ϊ棬ǶƴƵүǵĻ
ҪΪϰϰ䣬ЩСһһĶ֨ˣһ˫˫¶Ĵ۾Աߵǫ
ΪǶ֪λүүȻ࣬ȴϰûʲôøС
ȻӣүүͻȥЪϢ
ֱĺһ
̵ҶүүֻȥүүۣȻǡʱˣ
ôϰһɵĽԼܵܶƫѧ䡣
лΪϴл̨ǵһжġ
ڵܵǱʾϰİõʱľǾԼȥѧȥǣȥ
ҫлҵ·̳ˣлٻһٽ·߻ȥ
үүôͻǷȥĲףүү̸׼ҵŵһԣΪϵĳӣлԼ·
Ϊ˼ˣΪлңҪϰ顣
·ߡ
еʱۺˣлҲԼĴһֱ˼š
ߣ·᲻һЩ
ܵÿ֮ϵ˺ۣҲͲôˡ
·ôߵģԼʵˡ
ǰеѾлҵӸˣʦүԼԪ״ԪѧûбΪ
ԣˡ
ͯԿʼһ·ǵһ
еýԪԵ˻ԪԸ״Ԫ֮ﾩǡ
ʱл΢һ
лҵ鹣Լסˡ
ǶܳΪӣ˵ǸɲˣҪ͵һȥˡ
֮ǰڽɢѡ֮˺ܾãջںߵĶࡣ
ȻˣҲǻϵ˼
ЩһֱڵԱߣڰŻϽ˺ܶ⻼ġ
磬ͷôлƴ˽
ϴһڵ£ﻹһƵͷ
лվӭЦһĶܵ˹
лһƲˣܲܲҪ͵һİ
Ҳô˵ˣлʡ
лüͷŵͷɲһֶģ治׸ӣ
ǺǣҪǱô˵϶Ųţ
л󿴣ױûмӰһ
Ŵߵһȥͷϵ첻ȥˣ˵Ҫȥ졣
ŶлӦһŵܵܽһ¡
óԼҵܵʵ̫ˣ򲻿Ҳûĳܹˡ
ԼҴԼ죬лȴͻȻ뵽һ顣
Сĵſڿһۣžľ͸ˡ
лɨһۣһˮһԣƽĿ
磬ͲҪ˵ʲô𣿡
棡ҲԼ˵
Լĵܵܣл黹Ǻ˽ġ
˵ôദģ
ҲǺԺһˣҲܹó
Ȼûл׷ʣлƾԼ˵ˣ˵ȥˣ˵ʲôҪԸ뷨Ϊ磬ʲô˰
л飺̺˵ģ˵⻰ʱ򣬻˭˵ʲô𣿡
лҡͷҲֻһ䣬ͱˣȻҾˡ
Ǳߵİɣ
лһΣѽ磬עЩϸڣ֪ʲôҪҪҴֵȥæ˵ˣڵ֮ǰة
л飺֪쵽ʱˣ߰ɣ㲻ȥμʽ𣿡
ǰ߰߰һҪȥμԼʽлƾͽԼҪ뷨׿ˡ
¶зִģ֪飬ǼҲἰġ
Ȼǲ֪ܶ£ҲôȻǲԼҪҪˡ
ֵŽǵȥ
ڽǵǰУнӵģ֤ةԼ顣
ΪΪ岻ݴǣ˫ֽ
лƵϥأ˫ָ߾ٹͷӵ֡
ӹ֮лƾóġ
Ҳţڴ󳼶ĵĸп
˭Ҳû뵽ȻܻΡ
ڳкܶ඼Ϊ»Ὣɢģȴû뵽Ȼӵһ졣
ʥģɲ⡣
Ȼˡ
ԽԽСˣ˭֪ԺôģҪٽЩ˸˱İžͲ̫ˡ
СĵĿһԱߵһة࣬Ժɵ۾ˣҪةฮΪ׼
ԲԽ׳ذ벽
лһԿţϳƽ
˵ÿһʱ¡
ºңԶ
ֱʱ֪һĵ١
̫ϻϣ»ʽλ
ڣ
ǵʱ
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213 
*
ת, лһڳΪʮꡣ
һ»ʵǻлةҲµ˼
»ǸԼ̫Сһ, תȴҲΪɳɳΪ»ʡ
廹ԣȴĽλӴ», ֻΪܹЩʱա
лһȴ, ǵϵٴη
ƹ
ڻ֮пܵ, οҲźܶӡ
̫ǴСģڼǰ͵˻ϵԽ, Щǳɳˡ
һ棬ȫ㹻
İλ, Ҳǳٹٵϡ
»λ֮󣬰ٹҲˡ
ͬٴη, ҲиĻᱻ˵
лһվڰٹ֮ףĵų
ٹ뿪ֻлһվԭûжѡ
ǵϺֻܿһлһ֡
־ҲҸˡ
лةλµ̫˭Ҹϣ
һԣ
ý˸ߣ˵һ˵Ļ͵ͷŲţ
ܿ죬»ǰ̫ͷСŹˡ
ةˣ鷿룡
ͺͷлһֺǺǵ鷿ȥʹ̫˵
ͷϽЦŵةɱȡЦū, , ūŵأ
˭֪»ʴСŷľλлةˡ
̫ϻһλһλҪ˵»ˣԷлةĪ
»̫ӵʱ͸, Ȼǿ
лһǰϥһҲöӡ
»ǰĴ̫࣬лһǰȴ˿Խ
鷿
»ʲûϣվһԡ
лһֽʱһأѧӭ̫
лһͬһأ꣡
̫𣡡
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лһǰһȦΡ
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лһֺĴµʥģʱˣܻһģ
ڴ֮ǰлһ־ѾҪϻӵˡ
ֻһֱѹš
ȻĻϸѹŵģѾ̫ϻˡ
»ʼ˵ةΪʼЧк뷨ʹΣζˣǵΣ̫ѾҪµˣʵ棬ҲΪġ
лһ룬ǡ
ΪԼѾة࣬ʱӼʷ̨򣬺ӹ֮ĻȷʵʹֻǱлһָƾˡ
ûʲôҪģȱٵûбҪ
û뵽»ʾȻ
룬лһЦŵرµĻûʲô뷨֪㣡
г֣
ܹ˳£Ѿѵõˡ
»ʶشȴ⣺̫ܸҪܾТʱ򣬸ʽλӴޣΪΪʵ£޵̫ȴǲΪʵ£ڶҪˣʵǡ
лһ֣Ҫ͵һ㻹У
»ǷҪԼҪʲôлһֺȻ뵽һ¡
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ֻҪǴ治飬϶뾡취ȥ̫
Ϊ֮ԳС
лһִӻȡһ˫ֳʹͷ
ͷµͷϹȥ˫ֽӹٳʵ»ʵǰ
»ʽӹӣ֮󣬳Ĭòŵޣ׼ˣ
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лһæΪΪ뱣Ҫ
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лһй
ϣ»ֽлһֲ
˵ǴСʦΪ̫ϻʵԭһֱǳƺŵ̫
ʵ»ʲûлһʦҲûеڶܱ»̫ġ
лһ֣»ϵĵԼʦôһֱû˵ϾҪ˼ɵ̫ϻʣлһҪˣ»ȴⱾǼҫ
Ŵлһٴ»Ŀ»ʻعŻصڹŴԶԼ
ˣðɣͺԵţİٹͳˣֻԼҴ˻ûǰǸĲᡣ
лһҡҡͷ׼Ķ𣿡
ϵˣүҲˣںأ
ǰʷǫжˣһֱةฮһġ
ٻүȴڿſ³ʱ˴˻˵ةȥүӹ
⻰֮ǰлһϳʱ˵͸Ͻȥ˹
ȻҪûδĻͲùˡ
Ȼ˵ˣǶȴȻԭ
лһûҪ͵˼תźȥ
һãͼǫۿ˵ˣ
лһֵǵģʦѾˣ˵ڽȥ𣿡
ǫ̾ϢһȻӣûˣôˣȥĸͷҲӦõģö롣
лһֿЦͷ
ȻǽǸӵȥˣͲڡ
»ʶ룬Ҳջ
ʦͽ˵ŻӹŴܳһС̫࣬ܿлһֵةˣһ𣬻˵ҪǷĻǰʷǫҲͬ
֪ˣ͹һˣлһִ¶ƽȻͷ
ִͳһɰһЩɢӡ
ة˿ˣС̫˻ȥ˵ˣҪȥһġ
лһֺǫһۣһĹȻˡ
Ҫʱ򣬾Ͳȥˡ
ڴлһֺǫ
лһַʦȥ
棬ͺ̣ĶǱͷŵģ˿ʲô
ſڣصæӹ˺ŵĶ
ǰɲʲô˶нȥġ
һ·ﻨ㡣
һֱһ׵ԺӴͣ
꣡
̫ϻ򸣣
лһֺǫһ¿ͷ
̫ϻְ̧˰ڣɣô˻ʲôģ
Ҳλˣ˵˿𣡡
ʦͽվ
ȥϼһĸͷɣô겻ˣӦ˰ɣ̫ϻʿŲԶһĹ
̫ϻʵĹ
̫ϻʶ˻λ֮󣬾
̫ϻλ»֮ϾͰᵽסˡ
ǰӲ·֮ȴĸˡ
ǰٴι򵹡
ŵ̷һԡ
һƣֻӡ
лһִҩֲռ˶Ͼƣһӣһ崼ľζΧ
һһ裬ǻºŵˮײˡ
£ϳϲԵưײˣζɻȻʣ
ǫ˵꣬Ҳֹסĵ
лһһҲĿͷ
Ű֮Źʦһߡ
£н죬ȫЯԳ֮
лһʵ˵ֿ꣬ʼͷ
ʦ
ҵΪʦ֮
λ̫ϻʶԼ֪֮Я֮бӻ֮Щлһִǹ
Դƾ֮һ·Ϊ״Ԫ˵ûλ̫ϻʵĻۣлһָôأ

лһ֣֪ͼһֱδǹ
״Ԫ֮Ȫ౨ģ
Ϊˣλô꣬һֱǾҵҵκεĿ֮
ۿŸƽƽͣҲܷŵϻˡ
»ҲСųģǸʺ͵Ļϣһӣ֮ǰٸ̫ϻʿĸͷ
̫ϻʿܲˣ»ʿܻ롣
Щлһֶٶ࿼ˡ
Լô粻˶˵ҲĶ̣ȴһء
̫ϻʹȥʱԼڱ߹زǰУڼ뿪ǣԶҲˣ֮ǰлһ¾ܹ̫ϻһۡ
źһֱȥ
Ǹж̫ϻʵģ¸ԺĽ죬лһҲˡ
̫ϻּԼ뿪߹һֺֹһֱıأ
Ǹʱ̫ӱƹԼĻ϶ᱻУ鲻Ϊһ󱲵̫ϻҪġ
ΪԵʦѡҲһû취ϽĻص
ڱ߹һʮأԿҲͦġ
ٲ֮ǣ˭֪Ҫ֮ŵʱ¼ôĽ֣
֪Ҳûлһִһԡ
ԣңԶı߹ء
лһҲ˹ġ
Ժڣٴȴˡ
һĵΪԼ˶ѣ֮ǰͷ𣬲ڣ
̫ϻʺ»һԿţҲĬĬһԾƱĹơ
Ҳǵһ뷨İɣ
·𿴵лһֵ뷨»ʷлһֵ̫ʵ޺οҪݱүү˵ǸТĵˣ
лһ֣лº֪㣡
̫ϻʾ˵Тĵûл۵ġ
Ǹʱףͨ»ʵ˵ȴˡ
»ʲݱ̫ϻʣܹ⣬Ҳȥ롣
ôģܹ»ʵĻܷĵĻˡ
ٵĻᱻҺˣϾ˭ǰݱѾȥ̫ϻһġ
лһֿ̫ϻʵĹο
˹
ͶǸԼˣ


214 һ
ĩٻ
ּ˶ûҶ
걧, ټʱȴѾ޽ֳ׷
ˣ
ϸƨһʮ, Ųţ
ţ
, û˭
첻µزµҶ٣
ǵȻ


ǸɪĶ١
Ц˹ӼУ
Զ, ҶСĵţλܹ۵̫ˡ
ʹлة̨ղ֮ô, ǵһμ
ҪǸ˼ʮżһ, ϶͵Įˡ
λȴûκεС
ѾΪҶ٣ǰƢ˺ܶ࣬Ǵʱȴһӡ
, ʢ, 䡣
Ľ
Ľ
ܹλ˵н̸, Щڱ߹صĽʿ˵Ҳеܰ
ҪȥھҲһҴѾ̲, ټЩ㹻һҳõˣҶְ, õ֪лһָϻ磬Բͬ˼ġ
˵ʵ, ʮлһҪ£Ҷ⡣
һ￴Ͳʮˣ˵Լ޽Ѿȫ, лһȴͷĺڷ˵ʮҲš
лһļվʲô͸ʲô¶ΪƵڱ߹ô۳ң
ҶͻȻЦˣаɣԺʱȥ￴㣬þûԵǱߵĲˣ˵ͦģҴǼ죬Ⱳ˵ӣ
û⣬ոС͵ˣһȥˣҪҩľͲõˣԺֱӴӳǱ߾У
̫ˣ
һЦ
ˡ
ƽʵϾҲһЩʵġ
»λҪĵط϶ҪţȻԡ
лһ˭뾩Ϊô꣬ټӣһͿˡ
οҲһȨΪһеˣΪǰ껹ûʹǹˡ
лһһռҪĵطҪ˵û˭ţ
ѵõľֵܹԼףûϷȥ˼˼ԼͽλӸóҲ˵ʲô
ڣлѾ顣
л
ллȥ˱߹أλҲǸһģʱڼͼ㡣
ҶȥʱҲһ뿪
лһ˵ģڱ߹Ȼڼ︻󣬿ɣǵı˵ƣҲƱˡ
ԼСӣϲӵˣϲ
־̫ðˣҶ׾˾˹˼ôˣСڱ߹ҲԲ˶ٿࡣ
ŮҲԼǵ˼ҡ
ԺҲǻұȽԶѣǵķҲ¶
οүүͶˣһһ޵˯þżʱҲྣ˼Ҫؼҵġ
û˵лһȴܶ˼ҵ˼
Ҷ
ԽԽԼϼҺá
ϼж฻ԶǿҪȥĵط
˵ʦҲͣȻ˵Ѿ£ΪھʵܹϢʱĲࡣ
ʲôܹҵù»ҲǣˣܲҲ˵ȥ
ԣʦ֮󣬾һºӴˡ
һжˣлһȻټھˡ
ҶôҲǰ׳ģлһһ˵Ҳˡ
һЩƤӣͷ˼ҺŵʱǸãϼһرϡ
û⣬Ҳˣ̫࣬뿪ʱ˳ҴЩȥɢɢչ˺Լ
ã
ǰһǱ߹佫һǾة̫࣬У໥͵ĶǲܳΧ
ȻûϸҪ󣬲ǶֻҪ˷Χ϶ͻó˵¡
ڲõˡ
ةĻֵܣ˴˼һЩʲôӰ˲ǡ
ֵ֮䣬Ϭﲻ࣬˴֪
һе㵽Ϊֹɡ
ҹķ磬ϰϰġ
˶Ĭ˺ܾá
Ҷ˵ĻҪˣҹǣ
лһ֣һ·ƽҲҪ̣
ҾͲȥүү˵ˣСӱг̣
֪ˣ
໥Ľ˱˴˵һ£Щ˵׵ġ
УӼĴȥ
黱Ȼ·ԣȼʮǰָ׳
ȴǾ۵ԽԽˡ
һѾǰϻ磬һȴȻǻҪӱ޵Ļص߹ء
Ӽſڣһ򱱻վһȥةฮ
ǰӰֵܣ´ټ֪Ҫһˡ
ûжôĵģܶãֵ飬䡣
лһֻصңллѾ׼Ҫվˡ
ûǽҪ̵¡
лһְǣͬʱ̧Ļʮ̳ӵľƺ̳ӵײˡ
Ҷ˵΢е㳢ʾУҲ̫ˣ
һôˡ
֮ǰͼʱҲ֪ģˣû˰
лһЦЦӵļСһﳤɴСˣ֪ΪԵˣģⶫԺ
ﲻȱԳ㹻Űɣͱ߹صֵǶĸģǻܻûģúչԼ
ллʹ̧ͷ졣
۾ЩɬܾһرҪ۾
׵ɲôû¶죬۾ľʧˡ
ٿЦģǻչԼģҲأ̫ˣ
۲ţϣۣȥɣҶվˣֵǵȾˣ
ǣǡˣ
ȥɣ
תҪߡ
лһͻȻ
ֵͻȻתһлһֵǰ־ͽϵסˣЩʵĵǣǻúõģ
ãлһַˡ
ǧĸġ
Ϊ׵ȻҲǵĵġ
ֻǸױȽὫֵ˵
Ǹոյһֵȴˡ
ǵĵĴ˵ȴҲʵʵģҪҲܽЩ׼á
ѹ֮ǰҪ̳ųԣ̫үүǶǲã˵ʲôԶ˲ãԭǸǴߵģԲŲóԡ
ˣԶҪöС
ллţ˸ȥܿʧںڰ
ˣ취ӺĹӻģֻҪһ仰УαطǵȥôԶأлһһֱվſڲȥСĵ
кܶ˶ǻӽ˸ģлҲȱӣҲû·̫Ϊʲôôλȴǲ˸Ūأ
лһ̾ϢһܻԼ뷨ϲٳϲսǰɣˣˣͻԼģ
Ǳ߹ʵ̫Σˣ
лһֵ˵ĺڵĵطҵĺҲڣңһܻŻ
һġ
ʹĵͷ
ԼЩˡ
Զĺڰ·𿴵Լ
䣬Σһġ
лһֳĬˡ
ҲĬˡ
Ϊĸ˭᲻ĵأ
ԼǰãʱǶŸָ뷨֪սϻΣգȴȻڹ
ΪΪԼŬԹЩǳɳĹ̡
ʹųԼŬ
ϣƽ


215 2
лةˣ
ʦһˣ
ǵ, ʮлһָϻˣͬʱһȥĻѾʦǫ
ϢһºӴ, Ӷ͹Ƶġ
ұ档
ڵĴӺͼʮǰĿɲһ, ƬƬԺ, ԭǸһ׵ĴӸ׵ˡ
峤Ҳͻܻһ峤, һΪġ
רĵΪ, ˭֪ﻹлˣ˭лةɲɿš
Ȼлһֻʱ򲻶࣬Ļһ, Ǿ, Ҳ㹻˳ȥҫˡ
ةడ
ǵĴǴģ

ɪ
ͬʱ, Ҳһѡ
ԼһΪةǣҪԼΪ̫ԲԼˡ
ԣºӴһָĴ, ֮ȴȻǺгġ
֪лة»ӣ峤Ͼһ, ΪĴ˻϶ñʾʾ
ȴǱͬл־ܾˡ
ةһֱǵ͵Ϊ, ҪĴĵȥӭӣЩˣ
һ뻹ǡ
ǴѧǺ̶, лһִӹһһε֪رȥҲǺֱӵĹϵ
ܴҶ֪л˵ԭѾǹˡ
ǲЩʲô־òþ
գ¡صӭӸһ¡
ܱʾӶлةĻӭܲл˾̫ͻأ
ˡ
лһֻʱ򣬾Ϳӳؿʼֵĺ͹Ƶġ
ϲֵȥһ²֪ԭǸճɣ̶ӳʨֵġ
ߣȥǫסˡ
лүҲһסҲȥ
лһָ
ٵүӣҪȥôֵĵطⲻ
ðɣֹǣ̺͵Ҳһ
ھǿЩģżʨ֮飬ҲûȥĴ㡣
ǶǱ˼ģȥҪģһС¶ûô򵥵ġ
ԣЩ꣬ûôֵġ
ڲһ˰ڼ
ԼڵĵطǼ
±СӣСһҲֻ۾һֱ顣
Сϲ˶ĵط
ллϱһϣλȻҲǸһġ
һڱ߹أҪϱĴȥԼ֮󣬾ͷ뷨
߹ȻԽԽãǺͼȣЩġ
οǻСԺҲҪġ
е״Ԫǰʷڣѧϰ϶Ǳȱ߹صĺá
ǾʹźӸһˣʱںҲЩסˡ
ʵ̫ˣΪǵĴҹ㣬ûôֵĳ档
ʱǱ߱˾͵˸ǰˡ
λٷ˵ǰһȥߣʲôҪð˳ðˣ
ãٷ˺ٷһۣ˱˴еľϲ
ð춫
Ͳȱ
϶Ҫȥֵģðʲôľ˵ź
һˣܿ˳
ҲһԱүӺ̫̫ǣŮڹµԣǣСӣⱻײɢˡ
ĵطлһһ֮ȴǳɢ˲١
лһֿ˿ÿǣŲԶ֡
һһ£Ȼٴοлһ֮Сž͹ˡ
¡¹١ةˣ˼飡Ծ˷ܵĿҲűˡ
ة˾վԼǰ
ģ

̫ˣ
˵˳ˡ
лһһ£ˣ㰲ŵģ
ˣ⡭ǣ̶ӺҡһһţֵģˣԾͻȻ֮Ǳ
ة˰
һ۾ܿˡ
лһ֣
ԭֻΪΧַɢģԭʨҲⰲŸԼ
ľϲ
΢һҲס
ϲռ˱˵ˣԼϼҡ
ЩǶ٣ȫ˵ĻҿѡĵطȥţŲţ
Ծţ϶Ű
лةжˣֻҪһ£˵Ҫȥϣǿ϶˹ȥġ
λǲˣڰ
ο˼ҵĴӻھҪְ
˵ļλӺСҲͨˡ
ܿ죬Ծͽ˵ˡ
Ȼлһֻ־ùһӣЩ˸̶ȥȱٸҸȷҳҲģˣˣ
Ӧõģ¹ӦõģԾɵЦţлة佱ˡ
ʲôĲǿ佱
õĲͷˡ
ⱻ佱ЦɵƵô죿
ҲѣΪԼҲЦĲࡣ
лةô˵ˡ
࣡
ģһҲ
Ȼعٿȥʱ򣬾ͷлةѾ
żˡ
ΧΧĴǡ
ȥةˣ
ǣ
ɲôةļˣܱʲôġ
ǵ˸ǰʱȴЩɵ
ĸûз
෴ģү̫̫Ŵ˵
ʲôＸ˰
ճô
ӹĻðɣ
ûʲôİ
˵ĻΧǽŵ鶼ʧ˺ܶࡣ
ԭΪة˵ļͦģû뵽ôУ
үӣã̫ˣ
ˣԱ˾䣬Ժһ𰡣
ɰ
ϲľˡ
ڿ֣һϲĵˣˡ
лһָں濴ţûκεĲġ
ܹʱ򣬵һǡ
ˣ⡭
үүҲͨˣõģ
Ŷ
ҲǣǶǴӴȥġ
ʲôĶģǸոôôĽأ
лһûȥᡣ
ǻб仯λõĲͬôܹ⡣
Ȼ˵ûбҪ
Լ㹻ˣֻҪɢͿԣңǱɢˣҲܹҵؼҵ·
ǶЩͨףŸˡ
лһڳΪʮ꣬ʱܹһĻﻹǷǳοġ
ûΪԼξԽԽԶԽԽˡ
еʱ򣬾벢Զ˴˹ϵԭ 
̬ѵÿɹġ
ⷽϣͨǾǱͲĸá
ļ򵥣һھǵ˻ˣģȥ̫ࡣ
ĸˡ
ЩлҲûжӰ죬лһҲû̫ȥע
ٴλصϡ
үǶ൱ˡ
˷ܵһ·ƣҪˡ
ףԼĵطɢŸˡ
лһ֣үү̸𣿡
ˣлүϴЦĵ
жûô˹ˣǲˡ
ҲСӣǻöòܵҰ
лһ֣ʱУȥԵ㶫Ҳˣ
лүӻ˵ؼҳԣڿԵСҲͬˡ
Ǵ˻ܳųţСǿɲܶţһҲЩˡ
ǫҲͬȥԷ
һ·ԵľЩ
óԵ㶫䲹䡣
һڲԶĵطҵһվסҲԳԷ
ңѾˡ
ԣż


216 ȫ
ү, ̶Ѿˣ굥Ƿ˪ϴЦĵ
лһֽӹ˿ˣ
꣺ǵȻ, ʾҲ, ճɼ, Ҫǽôأ
лһ֣ǰһ, Ϸ־ˣ
꣺ϣүǿ϶ˣ
Ǹ, ǲ̫ܿˣ
Ϊү̫岻
תۼˡ
лһڰѧ顣
ȻˣϾ֮ǽΧһЩسǵֲһЩ
Χسǵĵغʹĵûж, ǰҲѧźºӴһֲҩġ
Ǵģ, ֵҲںá
лһֻ, ǰȥϵ
ȻϲֲģǾγɹģôһ̶Ҳ, ҲиĻر
Ŭ£غ͸سǵİմ󲿷ֶҩġ
лһִºӴɹȥָС, ֲҩıºӴҲȥ
ֲҩĺʳճɵľ޴֮࣬ĽֲҩѾγɹģ
߹صҩд󲿷ֶǳԳ, ΧسҲҩ
лһλһƷԱڣÿ춼ϲ̵ģƷҩλлҲ, ʲô
ԼȻôֵĺôˡ
Ʒ಻õҩģȻлһԼˡ
ҩķҩֲռһʱգٷŵţ˺ҩƣȳĺÿҩĲ
ҩƶˣҲ̶ӵһЩȥ
˵ĻڳҩҲǴȥ֪ˣһЩרžǹǵҩơ
̶ӵҲˣÿҵҩƶ˻ӭ
䱻ӭľлүҵģֻлү˵ˣ׼˵֪ҵҩܻӭԺͲٹˡ
Ϊ˳õĹ̶ӵûиġ
汻ʼˣ˵ºӴߵҩĵ⣬ݳҩȻҲǼõġ
˻ˣϾлһҩֵͲѶ
ҵҲѧƣȻζлһֵЩ룬Ҳǿ١
ȻˣʳҲȱġ
ض࣬һӵĵ΢Щʳ͹Եġ
ʵڲģȥʳǮʣء
̶֣Զڱ߹غ;ǵĹϵڣ̶ӾûŹ
̶ӵˣ׬˴ѵӣȻˣرӵҲ٣ÿʱ򶼻̶óһЩ֡
ȻҲ⡣
лһҲֿ
̶ӵʨ衣
̶ӵ裬뿴Ϸ
һ
ֺǣڹʱǿżϲġ
ǣϲľǿϷ
ΪϷɲǰġ
ˣлһҲż߳䡣
ϲлһֺ߳ģ˵ĺ˵Ĳһ
ر
⻰үүߵǰһ˵ġ
ʱлһ΢ЦȰүӳҩү˵Ļȴǲ֪Ӧԡ
үӳҩлһֵ˯
үүҴҴǣлһֲûж롣
˼ϲô˵ô˵ɣԼҳ޽ɣ
ڶһ磬ڴǰҹлһٽүүˮʱүȴҲûиظˡ
үǴЦߵġ
˼Ҷ˵ϲɥ
лһȴǿ޵ɤӶˡ
ӳ֮ʱүӾһ۰Լ
ͻȻүӲˣлһֵĿһ顣
ԭŨҺڵͷүӰɥ֮󣬾Ͱ˴롣
л˿Ҳֻġ
ʱİοûκ塣
¶·һ꿪ʼ
һһġ
үүȥ֮ڵڶ꿪۵ġ
лһָγϵĿޣҲû̡
Ҳ˶ôһİɡ
ʦڽĶߵġ
ߵʱܰ꣬ʦ֮˵ģһӣֵˣ
ȻԼδеϵȴһû
ͽʮµľͻ˴һЩš
СͽܸڸǰһҲԼ֡
лǽĵڶӹ̸ԼӣȻлңСһȴǸգ껡
ۿСһܹëдԼˣʷ˸˵ứ
껡
ôÿ֣ô˵֡
ȻҪϸĻ˵жƯ
Сһܰдȷʵѵõġ
ͽѹʦģģ
˵꣬үӾͱۡ
۽Ǵһ龲
ʦҲǲİɣ
ûпСһﳤ󣬻кööûꡣ
ᣬȴֳŲסˡ
ʮˣȥˡ
лһֻ׵ͷڰʦɥ֮ѾȫΪɫ
л־۵ֱ
СӴС󣬴ûôĹǽ귢ġ
лһֱŵ޵ĺһƵġ
ۣ
ģ
ģ
٣
үү̣ʦԺ󻹻뿪Լ
ôһ죬ԼҲ뿪İɡ
Լһ
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