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棺ǰװ̳֧



01





նһĨббСӱߵɽ¡֡ʱùʶĿ
֮£һɫɯ٣ǣãGranCabrioܳ˵ĵ·ϣɽۣ缱ǣΧǽͷĴŽ룬ڲ
ûбȺΪƬɽĶأǸ˽еأ˸ǽԺģһɫդΧĺŷʽС¥ͣƣ·һƷƬƧɽϡ
С¥࣬ƬȦأͥԺ쾰ֲõĴ԰ĺɫõ壬ӳ£ŻһĲá
һ壬վɽϴŶ԰СӡÿδʱȻ𾴣һʹĸо
Ϊִׯ԰ˣǮеҲǮǶĴ˵֪ׯ԰вǼءʮ׳ҹѲߣ׶Ȯ˵˱ӣҧѪģһ·Һӳ
ųģȻͨˣ
ǿڶഫһλͨԺڰľ޸ȻǰҵңɾΣ˾ıڣ֮󣬴ȭӰӡ¹˾鲼ʮҵÿ³ĽǮ֣
ôһλ޸ܹңԼҵȻʱϣ֮иִš
˵λ޸ƫңһ·ȷѪ꣬ɽɽ£ʬ˵λõҷ֣ƽƣ˵ñֶζȡҵʲʶ˵εƱ룬Ƹڡ
ԣǵĺ棬ׯ԰̼ǵ񡭡
ɫܳͣլſڣӳһװͦ꣬ǽ׳Ӣ˿۾ԣ˼ָôһʮͷѾһŵܾ
Ź°ʾⱣܼҰѳͣãԼ첽լûʵԺ
̵ĲƺߣһӾأˮ峺סˮһһ㡱ˮˮܵĳӳһഺ޵
ŮźɫӾװϸŤУԲλζ˵ɡӾ¶ĵС⣬һһţϱߵˮΣȣ˿ڸ
ʱþץرӵԡϵˮ飬ʲô£
зݹģֻǩֲİ塣СϊʲôˮġСͦиԵġ
СԼˮ˵ҺôҲˣµġʹų¡ߵزŲ꿴š
΢ЦСô
Сֹͣ˵̫ۡûϷ
ȰҲϴСˣüˡ
СĿͣϣ㶼û飬һɶ֮ûڣҲҡݲݲ˵Ͳˣ磬ȥһ˳緹ɡ
ͬ񣬿첲ӣ˵ԣˡһͬ뿪ӾأͷĻ԰ȥ
԰֮УһԿ¼ԱߣһͦӰվͳеĻ䣬ʮͣͷףŹȣȴһɣֱͦͦشţûһ˥ϵĸо
С˴ͷתͷ뿪еΣ漴飬ǰߵԡ
ѾˣҲ׿̳ǽÿμףֹסؽš
վڸǰ̬ȹĿֱֱ޺¼ûԹһֻۣʵʲô𣿡
ŵ˵֣Ǹ̸룬ڶԤҷʮڣɶԷԵƤιɣرǱ飬Ŀӹ°ȡϡ
ŶӳĿ˵ܾԼˡûӲӣӡ
˵֣̫Һʹҷûף
һŽӹӣڼڷʮҳ飬԰ɣͦõ⣬ǸɵòмҪ޸ģȣԷŵṩĵƤʹʱǡ
æȡֽʣڸ׵Ŀˢˢ¼š꣬һ֣ɾ䡣
ЦһЦûʲôᡣⶼǶ꾭۵Ľҵʱ仹ֻ̣Ҫ£ͷñҺá
һһӦ˵֣һ¶ҵʾ
˲š
һʲô˾ͷǸˣһͿ˼ҹܻᣬǴ̨ˡ컹˵ǳ߷ֱǲˡժ۾һߣֻֻŭʨӡ
û̫ķӦҹܻᡢʲôģԼŲϺţȫˣҲҡ˸ҪģǸԴ˵ķӦ
ҵķӦΣˮ
ͦţûôԼģǶߣĦȭƣ׼һ£ֱǴʧֶֻҵ
ѹҲ˵ˣֻҪְͷƺ󣬰ʲô鷳С
Щ˵ԤڣʮµͰɽ˶ġ
Ѿ֪Էʲôˣ֪ԷΪζ֪Էʲô壬ǾֻǖԳЩС
أ
ͬצյеģԼβǣԼǸ˼Է֣ᷢΪɵ壬Ϊغܺõǿʵõѣȫ˲䱻շӷۡ
ΪԼȣǾֻǿһָշɱСԼǸ˼
˺ۣʮӣʱƽˮ
𣬴ֵеĲҵеĹƱ˾زоưɡĳҹܻȵȣʽתƵӢɣ
ǡ֣
һɵֱۣԼĶײʮͷôӳⰡֻһȺСں֮ڣշˣշҲûϵȴΪҪ
̧ͷԶգмѩ׵Ʈţãǡ
ɽڣϦ죬ѾϷ͸óȥѰµĶֻǡ
Űƣ˵֪룬ĸ׻ڵĻԸһֻǸСˡ
һ𣬾վڸԣһϸƣ˼ɳۣĻư㵹תʱ·صʮǰǼʱƲСһйµĿʼ



01 

䳧ԭһҹй󱻼ͨ˾չ˲õһЩɲ֮⣬û仯ԱɻҪ˵ʲôµĻǹʱԭһϰͼʲôǶǮӺùһЩһƷУǮǴү
λʡǵĽȽƫԶҪȥģҪһСʱҡռع󣬷ֳɼ顣ֳ֮䣬Χǽͨϼȳһ壬ָڣʱ°ͷˣԱ߹⣬ԺﾲĵģҶš󳵼æµš
һ۵Ĺڵƺе£һڣһڵģױƵġǻڴ϶ţڵվţڳţԻŰӡˮģߣͲһѣۼż˿꣬ٽӼӣˡ
Աߵ鳤Ľɣֳеƣ˵ҪˣȵˮٽŸɰɡ
ﲻɣһŪꡣ
Ľǣ뵽ԼѧͽʱҲôɵģп
һͻȻʵطĶȥˣأ
طǹʦʦ֡Ҳܡ˺ųơСͷˣúϰ࣬аԵģĽɶνѵ
Ľȥǰ¥ѧϰˣûˡطصӲٵˡ绹ڳƣûҲøҴкɣһɶ
СһһµšŰӣ˵ϴطĵ͸ˣ˵лҿϴЦðŹ⣬סŮȥˡĽʣû𣿡
С泯Ľɣϲͣ˵ˡϢ˯أѹˡǵειģҲˡȥŮˡ
һŮˣ˶ֹͣһɴ۾СҪ֪ǹ⼸ŮֶûһᵽŮˣ˿˿ġ
Сһۣ˵鰡ҿԽֱͣҿɲ˵ˡ
СĽʱֺõЦˣһתŰӣһ˵С˵ʲôиưƯ椣ˮСУ򻹺ãܰź÷һ̧Ⱦ͸ˡ
ЩСӶҪð̹ˡ
Ľɰ˵ǣǲܸɡΥġʹΥ׬ǮҲϡ˵Ͻɻɡ
ҲˣŸɻ
С˵ϴǱӲ֪ӼжˣǿûС
Ǽ˵ɲܿôţĶ󣬿϶˰ɣ
ĽЦЦû
Сš˿һڣ˵⼸Ӱɵðƾϴı£û𣿶ɵð
ĽŮѣһ󼤵ǺúøɣǮҲš
˴ӦţһɥƷУһССҪȢò˵ŮѣֱΡмĽĺأ볧꣬ģտǰԶ
ңڽ֮ǰѾܿһƿţɼμŮѧǿʲôӮ˷ĵأֻƾƷе㲻˼鰡
¶ĽЦʵͦ֡
ܿŮѣϴһҳãѧϰãáطã÷Ĺϵúúøɣȡ¥ܿҵ󣬶˽顣
ʮӣɽϼѳһӳˡ侲ϴ·°ˡ
ټ󳵼ֻʣĽһˡӳһͷߵһͷϸÿһ䣬ȷŷſġ
غõƣ³բŷ֣İ칫ȥ
֣ǳΣҲʦߵ죬ȫʦЯȻĻϱߵ쵼֪ĸа
ûʦܻСһء˳˵˵ˮ֮صӿȪ౨Ľɳ룬ʦҪʱ򣬸١
һ¶е㲻⡣طҲʦʦͽܣΪʦô׽أƵġʦԼסңȴûطס˼Ϊʲôأ
ĽŽȥ֣һͼֽЦأվеĽɣţˡʤǰ
Ľ߹ȥͼһ«״ͼΣ߶࣬Ӷ࣬ע࣬ԵؿʦţװƳˡΪҪء
֣Ľɵļ˵ҲСѰȻںڰءָͼΣ
ȻֻһΣڼǰ֣Ǽͨ˾ϯʦƳļܳʣǼͨ˾ܴһͨС˾ɽӴŵҪȴ֪ΪʲôûзɻڴǱ·ŵССһĳΡ
Ȼ·ţ֣ȴûзоƹ»е꣬һֱзм£ʡܸ͡ǿ⼸Ľɾ͸ʦһʼְֽѧĽɳΪһְĵ֡
ʦͽ˷Ĵϣ϶ʵʾ飬ҵܵ·ӣһøоȡǻ׵Ƭ
֣ͶѪһδ飬һδʧܣ˺ͼֽˤƷǰʱĽɽ飺ڷϼװװãıɷ֣ȼա
֣ǰһéٿ
µŬ֣ȡͻԵĽչ˵ɹڼˡ
ָ«˵ˡһ黯ѧɵװãаѣȻʱѧãֽӺӡͬʱеĸӻŻãеȣЧٿ΢ӳʪ״ȫ漤Ļԡ
ָָȫͼ˷ܵ˵ʻ߰ٷ֮ʮʮԣԸáһɹһıʱġ
ʦ־緢ӣĽȻ𾴣˵ʦһʦˣضʷôװþͽС֣ȼ
֣Ц֣ȼ˵ʲôأ豸һзģԼȥˣ
Ľץץͷܺʦȼ簡ҾǴ֡
֣ҡͷΨһ֧ͷˣ⼸ҳϺڿңҶͷʦʲôһݡȺͷãǾͷˡʡӽ鲻ˡӰĲҲϣˡеκõ𣿡ݵЦʧ
Ľɰοʦҽѧչô죬ôκأȼģӰĲ
֣һӣ˵ԡ֮ȻʵֻҪ֤ɹˣǾͿרˡ
Сĵ£κˣط㡢Ӱ֪֪֪֪ⶫҲҪ
ĽͦصҲ˵
֣Цˣ۽ǵƺʵʵͶһЩҲһˣԴӵǼ֮ˣŮвӲͦˡŮѾϸһҪûǸĲ⺢ӳƵ
ϵĵƣ֣Щʧ񣬲Ծȭͷ૵װҾͿԻȥˡֻرҵĶʮꡭʮ˰
Ľɾ֣Լûʦı飬ȴ֣ҡҡͷֵм¶Ҫѡһ㼼ѧ֪˰ɣ
˵ˡޡüʮţֵأ˵طأŲϺšĽɲ롣
֣һ֣˵Ľɣ뵱ʿǺʿл͸ȡѾ㱨ˡ
ллʦˡϲ
лʲôıˣ졣ܲȥϣҿ˵˲㡣
˵أ⴫֣ĽɣؼҳԷⶼˣ
һ£һӰѾվǰˡĽɵһӦӡ



02 ö

칫ҵϵżƹܣѩ׵ĹǡˣӰĵԽǰһ
ʮˣá΢΢¡زɫİ䶥ꡣ߳һߣţпֱֳ·ʱϸȽǰƣܸнࡣЩѾˣһŶ˵Ǹߴ죬Ӣˡ
ν˼˰ˣ˭뵽Ůἲأ
Ȼ֣ŮӰȴĸţ֣Ľɲ֪ΪʲôʦİţʦԼյŮһĽɷǳȷš
Ľɸ̫ˣܿȣ˵ҪûֻӰ֪ĸһء
Ӱһϰ֣ĽɣġĿཻĽɵˣæƿĿ⡣
ӰЦЦǰƵԭתһȦ˵Ľɣ㿴Ư𣿡
Ľæǽϵļͼ˵ƯƯˣƯ˲ӡ
ӰҲУǰ§ļбٺЦʲôһϲͼ𣿡˼ȸߣ䡣
ĽһȣȲƣҲܣȻŮˡͰ͵ؿʦ
֣ˬʵһЦ˵Ӱ㵱ϰǿſĽɣ㿴Ƶģͷ϶ðˡ
Ӱ§øˣߵҾͲš˭ˣôõ˲ҪҪʲôŮѡ
Ľˣ̺ߺԩ
֣͵ŮĽ֮ǰѾжˡ
ӰĽɣ޺޵˵ҲСҲͬ⣬㲻׼绰ˡ
⻰ĽɼֱҪε˵Ӱһ򹤵ģûûһͣҸҪҸˣⱲӲô
ӰЦˣ˵ԵҰҴѧҵǾͽ顣㲻Ҫ̫õġж꣬ѧ꣬ҹ꣬ҲͰɣʮءĺתţ鶯
Ľˣ巢Ҫû˼§ţ϶̱ϡѾʮ꣬ٹ꣬ΧͬѶŮȺԼһ֪ô͸ĸ
֣ü̾ŮͷŹɡ
Ӱһı飬ķſ˵ϰַϣһΡĽɣ͵ְɡûĸеôռ˱ˡǿɳ˵ǰͷҲͷĻ㲻׼鰡ҪǲҾͽʦš
Ľһ࣬˵ǣ֪ˡȻѹζ
ӰŪˣѧһ࣬ҲʦҪ˵ʦţֻķݶͽʦģ԰ɣת֣
û˵Ӱϰְ˵޹أ㲻֨һԺͲˡ֣æ졣
ӰĽɣ˵ĽɣǸѧ䣬Ƶģʦͽݡ
Ľ˵ʦˣҲûҸ簡
ӰһЦ˵оˡסҵĻ߰ɣؼҳԷ
֣£˵ˣǺȵ㡣
Ŷ˳칫ңŵкȥ
ʱ͸ˣ·ƽ̹İ·Զгʱʱ·ǰšϣǰġнĺô
ؼҵ·ʮӡʱƿơڵСоЩӶƣƵģ׵ģҼһԼĹ¡
صңں÷ˣΧʼò͡Ӱ˺ãʳӰüЦ
֣ºܸߣһ׾ƣĽɺһƿơƺҲȹˡ
Ӱʲô£ͷǴҲ˵ֻ˵ŮԽԽã˼ˡӰһ˫ˮ۾תĽɡ̸̣˵ƻһмֵ鱨ûС
¶ǣ֣Ļڵڶ׾ʱ֣һڣ¾Ʊֱˣ˵ĽɣⱲӺʧܰԼ飬ûҵŸˣŮֵǸҪû㣬ȥˡҲ֪ôлźá
Ľæ˵ʦҰһ֮䣬õлְԺɱ˵
ʶʦʱʦܲҡŮ˶ѧϡʦΪչŮ޷ϰࡣĽɵҽְ֣ṩһҩҡҩԺӰĲˡԭһ췸һΣڣһ궥෸ΡÿκܿǣػУ԰ѧˡ֣¡ֿ԰ϰ࣬оķˡĽɡΪӦõġ˰
ӰʾܸжܽܡֻһܿͬʱΪӰСֻıְˡȫ죬棬ͲôԼˡ˵Լһֱá
֣Ů˵Ӱҵĸα֮ô˸޶ҶûɡµڶŮ˶ðҽѾʮͷˣҲ̫áҪͻȻûˣһҪչ˺ӰһܿˣҲҪӰ
ӰˣЦˡĽϱɫòеԡ
˵ʦʮ׳갡⻰ҿɲͬ⡣һȶˡ
ӰЦϰְǿ˼ң˼ҲԸⰡͱˡֱͻ
ĽæͣʦҲǸ˼˵ôõˣһ᳤ٵġ
֣Цţ˵Ⱳûɹʲô£ҲԼʮϡⲻԷһӦĽɡ
Ӱһģ촽һ̣ϰ֣ͱǿˡĽɲ黹ð죬Ҫǽˣţʲô¶ŲɨҴȥ
ֱ֣ŰͽĽɺʦ׵ͷڴ񣬲ͷʦӰԶҵáֻҪһţͻúôġĺˡ
֣¶Цͽһһڣ˵ͺãͺá
ӰһбһĽɣ˵ʲôðԱɫҪǼܿܿɡҿɳˡ
ָ֣ŮȡЦӰǺƤ
Ľɹ˵ʧȥŵġ
ӰվĹĵ˵ˡˡ¿ӣڽԼĹ뷿ŹصģôУǲ
Ľһ㶣֣һЦ˵ѾͷǼȾơű̸ţһĽɽơƺȹ⣬֣κˡĽɷط˯¡
ʰʱӰִӷһɻ͸ղŲͬǣѵһ̿㣬˪ĳȱ¶ǰӿ졣
ҿϽ꣬ӻط䡣Ҫ֪Ĺһʵ̫Σա



03 

ĽɽϵꡢˣӰûйһڿɳϿӡҲͣһ̨һվһµģҲֱŸֱ仯
ʱеˡһѹһϣԲԲŰ׹⡣һֻŻɪƵţʮֵƤÿֺĨźɫһſǡ
ƫǶ̵̣̿ȸĽɸƳһۣȸ⣬ǸеİԲΡô¡ôˣôգǽӽƨɴŵһӦ㣬㣬ܲҡ
ĽɿǹˣϤŮˣȻܿĺ¶һɻϴ𣬸֮ÿӳɹŰŲĿ⣬תԼķ䣬֮زز
һ£º˵Ӱ֨ˣС
ĽĸͣͷҲصߣ˵ˣʲô˵һݡһ˵ӰСˣṴˣԺɵõģ塣
ںڰУƹ㣬ҹޱ޼ʵġҹоԼȫЩټһţġ谮֣ϲķ䡣
΢ľ⣬˯һۣǻζĴȣȸ⡣
ڴϷȥԼԼѾܿӰǿһ˶
ѵģֻϡе˯ʱ֨ѽһһӰ룬һÿҲ֪˭
Ľһ͵ͷšҪͷ֪Ůݣɱͷӵӡ
ӰɶԼš
ӰһЦ˵㿴㰡ӸһСԳӢۺúأЦ
Ľҧ˵һëѾͷɶҿǴϻɱǵġ
ӰһЦ˵¾ͺáˡһƬУһǣֻèһȥ굽
ŶζͨһСû֡Ŷء±߻Ƕ̿㡣¶ļ˿˿ģġһ䣬Ľ𻨵
Ľŵˣ˵Ӱ뺦Ұ
Ӱ״һתصؿˮʣĽɲܡ
Ӱл˵ʲôʦ
Ӱ͵ת˵ôңңһܲ𣿡
Ľæ˵ҴҲ㣬㰡Ӱϲæᣬ˵㲻˵һ㡣ǰһպ˫٣§סĲӣúý
ĽɵϷǳܡ룬ÿ֮һ硢εεСŮϣһͶͱǶ¶ʹǣ޸ǼܵġΪãܿ
ңҪǲСĽˡ
ĽɼӰлú˵ôȥẦҵġˣŹҰɡ͸¶žͿ־壬һն׵ķˡ
ӰЦˣ˵˼˵Ӣѹ˹أռôˣԿĿҡȻˣҿԿǷһôӦȻҲšСظôȼĽɿ಻ԡһ۵ʹࡣ
˲Ĵ£Ľʶʱ񣬻ӦУа˵ɣҴӦˡſҡҪըˡ
ӰҲɵӣԼе˼ֺһ̽ȵģ˶ģӲĶߴԵ˵
һ֣⣬åһŮȻ£δйֽӴ¡
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Ľͷۣ˵Ӱл˵ɡ
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ĽֱüʵΪɶأ
ΪɶΪҲͬ⡣Ұֿ˵ˣԶչҡ밡ҪȢһŮˣզأ
Ľ˵ܿʲ㵹ͦ
ڶأش
Ӱбڴϣһ֧Ŵӳƹ⣬ܿȵİӰζһƵɢš
Ľɹܿľˡ
ӰƵ˵Ұֽզôأʲô£
Ľ˵ɲ˵ͷӸǰĵġ
ӰԥСһ̽壬ýֺϵ»ţʱš
Ľƣ˵ûɶǼеСŶ˵Ҳ
ӰߵٴۣȻ̡һŤ׼ȷؽһڣֽˡ
ĽɴʧɫͰ͵Ҳ˵
ӰЦ㿪ڡĺ촽ϣѵˮš
Ľɻŵ˵ҪӰ
ӰԳЦţ˵ĲԵ⣬˵ռ˻Ը⣬ɵӡĺ촽
Ϊ˱٣Ľڳ֣ܵ˫һƣϡ
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ʶʱѸٳ֡ǵȼըҩһء
Ӱ߷ֱĽ⾲ҹ澪춯ءҳʱ䳤һŮ衢𺦵ķŭԩ
ĽɶŻˣʶʱæĵСڣУҪҵ
ӰҲָǣֹͣ˾䣺åȻܵһˡ
Ľڴϣŷ֣ԼǶ޲簡ôôԵܿأôԵʦ
Ӧһ⣬Ҷ˫צӡ̫аˡ
Ӱط˯أﲻסǸåַŵԼϣɬЦˣƻա
˭Ҳ֪ʲô



04 ֮

ϣĽ֪Ӱ
ڳһžžŲˣһ߳С졢õġ
Ľɵһߵǰ˵Ӱ϶ԲˣҰɡ
ӰѲԽӷţͷһۣһۺģִۣŽ˵ʲôҲûֻǵӦҰҪչңһӶҺá
Ľɴ֣ͷǰǰãͺҼӾһģҲã˭ð
Ӱݵһۣߵãõģ˭ϣܸһһܺһ˯𣿡
ĽΪ֮˵
Ӱ״תãţʮ߸ɵ˸Ÿһ˰ƭúð
жһȲһȽżŵأϥнصţúƤ÷Ȥ
ĽվԱԺ󣬿ȵĽ࣬ע⵽塣
ţп㣬ԲԲƨɸǹԲϣģϣҲͦɹ۵ġżȵĶŤϼŤջ
ĽɽĿƨϣܿĺʽеϸڡζÿλ붼ƮƮ·˼䡣
ӰͷĽԵĿ⣬ټĿͣ淺Һ졣ΪԼɫɵģ֪ܿ
һŮˣûܣǰֱȡЦĽɣԭ˰ڲ֪ûһöİɨһۣתȷˡ
Ľɻؾѣҽ֪⳰զأ뵽ȥԣɰ׳ˡ
ӰԳЦˣ˵׳δأɫ˰ɣ
Ľɵʾҵֻһɫǵġ
ӰĪһᣬ˵ҸĸƯأ˭
Ľһ˵ǶƯֻͲһС͵ģǳġţá
Ӱ粻ö֣͵س嵽ĸǰ˵áãⱲӸˡźʲôҲʲô͵ɡ˵ţʤߵ̬ȥʢˡ
Էʱһ֣üɫ裬죬һ̸δһ̸ӣһ̸Ӱѧҵٲܻķϣöɵ¶ͬѧɽˮҪǵðճҩûкء
ӰһһӦţʱ۾ĽɣᣬµĽѺݲĽɺü£۵Ľֱü÷ЦĵѾͷ˭ҪȡţɵóԿͷˡ
ϰʱ֣Ľɻùһǰһ˼šӰ͵ſڣĽɼŪ۵ģŮ顣Ӷ
·ϣ֣ʵĽɣҸ˵չӰ¶ǲͦΪѣ
Ľɰͦأ˵ʦӰ͸ӾһҺԸչ㲻˵ЩĻ
֣ߵĺ̫⽫ӳɻɫ˵ʹˣҲࡣҪúøɣȫ㣬ǰƽǮ¶ҲǵĻԻ;ҪˡʱҪɶûа³ɡ
֣۾·õС
˹֮ǰҪϵ֣żʮˣڳεͷֱ࣬Ŀͷطɡ
طǳĹʦǴΣǸݵ꣬ʮ꣬ÿΡ˹ģһ۾м־šĽһڳŮϲˡͬǣԱҲϲĽɡ
طĽ͡˶ǽһװ˵ĸͷУŨüۣӥڣͭɫǿ׳ⷢж֮
Ƕվһʱһ罭ϲӣһ󺺡
ط㣬Բ״̬ϴأһ˫۾Ȼڵ֮ǰĽôˣǿЦЦ˵û¡
ʱΣҧڽ
ǰһЦ֣һҸæ죬ǿɡڽһ˹ЦŮԱǺЦڣһȸ֮ɫֻתһŮԱСظߡ
ĽɾߣˡӦǡñĽɿˡĵɨһۣǰŲŲպõסĲĿ⡣ʹܲˣƫƫĽֺ£ɲҶ鳤ôνֶˡֹһ룬Ҫлᣬһ
֣˵ط㰡ɡ
طͷʦԲˡӰൽӰˣе㻨
֣˵ȥϢһ°ɡӹᡣ
طϢңϷȣû˵ʲô
Ǳߵ֣˵һѡҪֻҪѡϣܳ죬ȵƽҲǻعпֱӽͨţΪӢʦǰ;Զ
õȻùĶ󣬴Ҳĺ£ֵõͨͷϣǰѡҪط㣬ǴѧǴΣʵãҪǱȽ·ļ֣ԼͽĽɣǳݡ
֣˵꣬ʼ񡣲һһЩĽһͼĹˡ
Ľɴ˱ڷʱһ˷ָĲ֪ʶ
ط㡣ĺøǣһͬδĴӣܿĸ硣Լ䳧طƼġƽõôһӡʲô¶ֵͬطʧ̬һԵʡȻôܷôͼĴأ
Ϣʱطڳϳ̣Ŷȣһ˿ɢ̺طۣһЦһһ̾Ϣ˲룬ıй¡
ϢǴҹõģʮƽ״濿ǽƤīɫġɢһζֲʲô͡
Ľһطݹһ̣Ľɵطͷһԣˡһͬ˿࣬ζŨ
˼ڣĽɿط㣬ʵզˣϻƣ˸ˣ
طЦе̵ӵһһڣ³ȦȦƵģضţƮš
Ȧ˵ǰߣڲ֪˼ƨǡ̫ʧˡҹһ¥Ϸǵ㣬ƹѤ뵽ԼʹʧҵĽŲǰŲǰŲЬ֮һѾˣǰŲһ㣬ҾͽˡͻȻϰ֣ã㣬˻ˡҲġ
Ľľսס֣˵ط㣬ɶ¶ǿһɲܸɵ¶Ů˲еٻһϵһط㾹ȻҪɱ̫˼ˡ
طЦĽɣֱѵ˵һжȥˡҲٷɵֻһΣƾʲôϧأžϣ
Ľɳһ˵ǾͺãǾͺá
طӵͷ˵ϣǳȥһɡĽɵͷ
ʱСܽ˵ϴ󣬿ȥɣ¶ˡĽڵվ



05 

զˣС
Сһָˡ
˭˭ˣ
СϢ˵ˣ˫ˡ
Ľɲٶʣ̧ȾܡһϢңԶԶƼŲм䣬˴һš
ֲΧһ˳ȭȣغϷŵʣһ׵ģûкˣ棬۲ӡ
Ա߹ս˭Ҹ棬˭֪ųơС˭Һأѧһ˵Ǵ󳧳ֱϵ
Ľɽеס֡
Ǹһ֣ͣߵڵأȥȭͷҪٴ
ĽɴŭǰָûУס֡
ŭţӺݣ˼ϣµС˵ҡ
µ˷˵
һȭ
Ľ޿̣һ֣ץסʮָһһֻһϮ˳ȥ
Ӧһ˫أ˫ͬ蹷ֽ
ĽЦҸҶ֡һ࣬һģ͵ǰ壬סӣһʺſڵϡ
ŭеҾͲţӴ򲻹㡣Ա߳ץһѴӣ׶೤ٶ
Ľ֪Ķ
ǰӾٸǰ磬ץסһоʹӵϡٶȵȥؽʵʵˤڵϣ죬
Թ۵ͬȲʣ칫ҵŮԱСȳƣĽ¶ݵ
Ľôһظڣøȥ۶ѡʴô¶
Ƥ˵ˡŵϵ
˵ҽ㼼ɻд֪֪˭ǳСӣ㡰ҩӡĽҲûһָСţ˵˵զ¶
СųԱߵ˵ǧ֧ǰ֣Ҿ֧ˡ공ǧʱôզ¶Ǵ˵֮ǰҲš˿Ҿˣȶ֡
ǰɵҪе㲻ɣܴ𣿡
СŻؾ㲻úýңˣңд𣿡
ٺЦ˵˭㲻š˿ţ
СűģĶǧأҲûҶ˿¶
ЦӰ㲻Լ˼𣿡
СŻء
˫ӣҩζŨͬһȳһչ۳һţҪʱս
ģ˵ֵһҪĹѼɤر̶
е˭˭Լطٴ򡣡
ĽҪ˵طϢǱ߹˵вʲôطǳ䣬Ǹĵط̨ҪܵĻȥɡҲܽԹ˭ôˡȥɻɶղûĻȥɡ
ˡվš
ط˵ǳ丱Σôģ˵ʹ𣿺ðھȥ壬㱨һĺ¶ô˵һ⻰ʵˣȡӣԹȥɻ˭£塣
ʱͷĽһۡ
ҪǳӲĽ罫߳ˡ˭ԸһŶʱըֹը죬˸ŵ鹡
ħͷɻĽɴΪ˵ǣ仰ˡ
ط굽£ѹǧӣ¶Цݣ˵ˣܶھ;֣ǰԶһźһʶ
Ľ̾ϢҶ֪զˡϰ໹糤أһٲٵġ
طҡͷðءô󣬳ô࣬˭ҪʦͳãʦʦҲûܾҲùȫӲǣˣ쵰ҵ绰
ҿɾͲˡҪǰܿð
Ƨʺĵط̫ԶˡҲûȥ
ĽɵͷҲǰ뵽ܿ壬дӣ
֪ʦ˼ȫȼϣȥšһû֪
磬˳Թʦ˯ĽڴҲ˯Ӱ£Ľ϶ߣŵ˰ףɫ˵ӰԵġ
ӰߵһС죬˵Ľɣû㵽ɶ
Ľɱҿִ˵Ķ̿㣬Ʒ㾪ޣɢŮ˼˾֣뽫ڼϣԼ۷Ͳ
Ӱ˵Ľɣ㵹˵Ұ֪жϲ㣬ܵġιͬͽܣ֪Ϊɶϲ㣬ϲط𣿡
ΪɶأȻת
ӰЦˣһƻ˵شңҲŸ㡣
Ľ룬˵ҶԼò뷨ġ
Ӱ÷һɬ
һֱΪؼԱкأֻǰ̧ͷҪְְṩҩʧȥΪĽɣȼġѧܴû֦չƯһˡСŶø顣ʶĽѾϲˡʸء
ڣĲȶӦÿˡ֪ŮѣҲ˳⣬ֻҪϲԼԼһ޳ǣһ٣ٶؾܾԼ̫ѹˡʲôðҲŲ뵱ء
̾Ϣҵôôأ㲡ˡᣬ첽ܳķ䡣
ĽɾһΣûӡ²ǿġ



06 ƺ

죬ʦҪֵҹ࣬ճ涨ɲҪڳֵ࣬ӳӵİȫԡ֣Ȼֵ֮С
Ľ˵ԼϳȥȾƣҪʦ¶ȡƾֵ֣ࡣ
֣˵û£ԼȥһǸȼĿǰϵƷȻٿǼƷ¶Ȼ⻰ǱӰ˵ġ
Ӱʱý绰˵ĽҪȾȥĿϣʵ˭еģŮģ
ĽЦܼŰѹأ䶼ܡҵ˵ıϡ
ӰΪ⣬΢ЦΪáѾٺͱŮ˽Ӵⷸ󡣡
ĽɳĴȣ˵˾ӡ
ӰЦ˵˵ιٺȵơҪǲصȥץ
ĽɴӦһеسš
طԼ볧Զտ꣬дȻһͦġ⴮óԲ󣬿ȸһζ
͸ˣƳϣȰöࡣ֡ض¶µһϺߣԵ͹ⷢǵ⼸еһţҲϯλãǾ͵Ȱɡ˵λãΪطܵԤλ
棬ϵһǰֻȣһ⴮һţÿǰһơһֵƿơơ
뱭¶ǣоʹ졢ƽʱķߡнȫϣȫſԼ˵Լ˵ĻԼ¶ùǡ
һ±һڣ֭¡ĽƮƮȻܺܡطһҧţţǸʳȫƽյ࣬һˡ
ؾ׽ţ˵ʦáǳüʮˣۼӣ㲻ǿģʦֱӱѧ˵ɹ
Ľɾò˼֪طҲȡᣬʦȴû
ط֪𣿴󳧳ǳ綨ѡʦΪȫȡˣ׳ɱ磬˵ǲȥͲûУֻͬ⡣
ĽɴΪж벻ⱳ¡ʦϵôΪԼ£µﳧʦǱҰֶһð
Ľֱᣬ˵ʦġȷʵûʸȥġ˵ҸӦȥġ
طЦЦ˵ԭҲôģ㾺תһȦΪһ£ջͷǺøǣȥȥһаҼǷҵ̫ˡ
Ľɶӣˬ˵ʲôǷǷģһ˲˵һһڡ˵ѣﲻζּ䵽زȫΪؼҵ¡һ¶׸ı˵ˡȻҽҲΪ
ǰּǸǸԣġǵرȱҶ࣬ҵŮˣȱҶܸɡǼҸĵһС¥űĽСӡ
ؼּҵھӣסͬһͬϵһֱҵĺһһ档ؼҵҲõĸǴ峤ǣ߰ǰĳϼǣش峤ڱ֮СҪʱƽⲻˣش峤Ⱳ㽻ˡ
Ϊ飬ƽ£ؼóУֳȥǮȻطһɻ𣬼ˡЩѶԶԶģۡش峤ɱͷּ¥أȫԮش峤ָ̳ͷһ£ּ¹
ֻҲã֮ù˾ͺּңżʣǳǻָ֣ȥԼָճɰ׵أƲòᵽһס
ָΪĴʧȥͶֻ·Դһ겻ȫʣһСάַ롣
ΪûǮΪ˵ܵܡõѧҵĽѧ򹤣װҤú˶Ŀֱ࣬볧ˣźתؼҹⲻȥǮ㽫ܿһֲ
ҲΪĽɴ׬Ǯԭټǧطѧ󣬾ûŮؼңܿУѧԲΣĸСѧѧѣĽ๩ġ
ĽɲкۣҲûָĸΪܿҪĪĶ飬ܿôΪԼδޣԼŮأۻܿΪԼֵˡ
ǮǿÿġּʧȥǮƣһ죬ҪǮʧȫ̻ڵҪĿڳһ׷ӣӭȢܿ
ڳѧĽܲںΪߵѧࡣȣѧĹˣְнõĲŵĻᡣЩĽҪĶ
ңܿϴѧ֮ĽһֱģԺŮѾǴѧˣԼֻǸѧĻеŲԣܿѧУ˳ЦԼȡᣬƽ𣬾ȫܿίˡ
ǸıԼᣬֻҪܳȥǵˣΣԼҲҪסᡣ
ĽɣǼǺˣкñطơƹޣõֵܣԸ⿴ȥǸɣ
Ľɾơƹ޻ǺֵܣˣԶһˣɣ
Ǻȵһơƣָһ
ƨɣžǰﶼЩơ
Ľ뵽ӰȰǹһˡȶ
ط㰥һЦľһ֪𣿾ſˣҲû¶
Ľɽ͵֪ܿһϲҺȾơ
طһЦ»ٲƨţȿα˵㣬ǸǸˡǺ䡣
һ⻰ĽһпҾ䲻Ǹѧǰ;أжûûʲôǮı¡ңеί
طֱҡ˵ֵܰҲ޳Ļ֮ûϹѧûѧΪҼҵԭܹܿġҪǮֺãȥﵱڣϵϻ죬ܿǮġŶˣòͬģҼҳҲ޳ɡǶϣǹȡƽ˭ϣͷѪӰ
Ľһ˵ɲǸܿ˵ģ붼͸ˡ˵Ҫ޸һȫеˣнûӡ
طЦҡͷ˵ֻܹСӣһ񡣡
ּ
ʱӰ绰ɶʱȥ
Ľһ˵
Ӱɶ£
ˣĽɡңһ˺¡͸ŽŲ
ĽЦԼʲô˵ôѧһ䡣
Ӱصڼңǵλֵء
Ľǵλֵʲôడʦء
ӰһȥȾˡҪȥλͬ´绰ȥȾƣ˵ǼǰͬˣҪһ¡ҪģûãҾ˵һûУԺֺﹾ˵ģʱġĽɣҡȻȥ㡣
Ľþģæ˵ϻء



07 

صλط㿿αϴͷƬ۾ţٿϣÿ˻ʣ°뱭ءƱյ̸˵أһƬ
Ľżеط㣬һѣҪˡ
طۣŤŤӣǸ⣬˵ȵˬҶ˯ˡղμѩģҪܰȢؼңҾٻʮꡢʮҲɡģˡ
ѩ
Ľɵһֵ֣ôΪһŮˣӣԼԱŮ˲Ȥٴ˵߰ɡһ¡
طժ۾۾´ãֱӣĽɣ˵ɶô
طȻһЦֵָ˵֪ˣСˡѾͷùܵûءɱ˼ƣʧȥá
ĽɿЦ˵ӰĶܸܿأܿΨһĹӰֻǸˡ
طֱҡͷ̾һ˵СѾͷҪûǸûҪˡǸͷȣŶ֪ˡ
ĽЦЦûг
طһ˵ҪȢϵŮҪʦԸ⣬ӰԸ⣬ԸȢǰκǸȻĻطˡҲ֪Ǹʱ䣬ֵص㣬װġ
֪ô⻰ĽɷСѽӰһɱ˱Ҫġ˵ӰȻЩЩԣıʻġ˭Ȣĸ
ûлʵѩ˭
طһ֣˷۾ɴˣ˵һŮһŮӣõţţһ鲻Խ÷跢ΪȥҲԹ޻ڡϧˡҺ޲ɱǸӡƾʲôƾڸ֮ңҪлᣬһò˫ȭֹؽڸֱ졣
ĽɹЦм˵ǣ˵λǲС˵Ӱӿˡ
طһ˵ɵǸӣǳ嶯ѩķɣ˵滰ʲôšҪŵĻлʶһʲôɡȣЩӰȫǳ˹֡Ůˣ˼ĶͰŮһܼأָָҹա
ţʹ֣˵УУܺ㰡Ҫˣÿɲˡ
Ľɲķ軰ҲԱŮûȤ˵ˣȻӰżġ
طͷðɣðɣҪߵĻȰѾƺȵߣҲߡ
һĽɺһڣھƵڵ״ֻ̬еκӰɱ¡
±طɫ˵쳵¶ְˡü˰ɣ
Ľߺߵ˵ǸǷᡣǲ弸ˡҸʱָӣȸ⡣һΣհȫ涨޳ѵҴߵڵءһΣ칫СƨɣҴȭģҪɱ˲Ū
ط˵һʵѵһ¾͵ãĵֻǴ󳧳ݣ˵кᱳء
ĽһƲ죬Ȼ˵ҲŲ¡Ǹث֣û˽ѵϻʲô˵ţ¶߿֮ɫ
Χһ˵Щʳͷġһ̧ͷֻŮɣϰЦڸ
мһܼŮҲҲлǵλ֡б棬м
ĽɨһۣȾƣ˵ŮģöסġطԣӬѪԭŮʮֱ¶һټ
Ůĳһ㣬ĻһͣһǸͣ͸װһѩɫģ͸¡ССģסͷ鹵һɫıɴ͸ɫ¿㣬Ȱװ׳ġ
ŮµسţںǵĿ⣬ҲʱŪɧŮճʱ̣µģ۴Ҳ΢΢ŤʹǰɽΡΡģģˡŮҲ˲ţ˫һſ˿ڿ㡣߻̽ëһȣ˫ȸƵ໥ĦšϱߵԴʱͷһڴתţţ̽ţţΧĿĿɿڴ
ط㿴øͦͨ죬ĿתضŶŮ˵ֵܣ̫ɧˣһһһڰɡʱжɫĿͷһ̽ȥЩһʲôŮ׵⡣
Ľ̩ɽһھƣ˵ǣ߰ɡŮģһ֪С㡣Զ㣬óԿ
ط㶢ǵءȣͷĿת˵ֵܰ㲻ְҵӰģҲ԰ǰǺһǹнײ㡣
ĽɺǺһЦ˵ôǣ
طɫЦһǮֱȡ˫Ħţ͡
ĽѵǮףһˡ߰ɡƣվ
طתĿ⣬˵Ҫ𣿱ģһϣĸѡ˵ţĿֻصŮϡ
Ůע⵽˧ˣۣطˣ
Ľһ֣˵һ߰ɡ
ط˦֣˵Ҫߣһû湻ء
Ľɿһʱ䣬˵ౣذȳˡЩƣϽɡǣѵɡûѵͰ
طĿģ˵ǻǮġҿɲǲˡһʧຣġ
Ľҡҡͷ˵ӣ˵ʲôáǾȥʧðɣҿɵˡӰһˣǸطȷ˵ġҵÿȥ
طҴҶȥطֻͷϵĿˮ
Ů꣬վʡǸŮط㼷ļ۾ǸŮط㹴ָطͬţ̲סŮȥƮƮģ޻ϡ
ߵǰһظ˵ϰ壬λŮͷϡ
ŮǸүǣӺǲġ
طˬ˵ⲻɶ¶ǻطźȡ
ŮЦ˵ðɣҪúñ㡣ֽǣܹġ
طԼĹͷˡƣЧǿҡŮӼȫߣŮĶ̿ọ̈¶ٲƨ⣬綹
ɧطӳһ£ֵظһѣöŮֱ㣬Цѡ
һŮ绰һڶŮ£طϳδ֪Զ˲ʧҹɫС
ϰһ½ţЦɵơһתдȥˡ



08 ʧ֮ǰ

绰ӰԾ񲻰칫ң⳵䣬Ժ³ʲô¶ڰ칫תתȥĶϰִ绰ϰֱ֤ͷˡ
µ绰ḧһؿڣƽʱĹŮӣԼе游ֵࡣ
ߺ˶Ь˶£ԼһŮӢˬӢվһβͷ˪˵˭£һ趼ʶ
ҹɫӳ£ϰֽһԿףǵλſڵƹͨ䳧ĴյţСųõġ
Ӱһţһ۳ڸȾơ˵ϲؼңʲô
ſͣһ£Ѿȵ۾޷죬ֱµСϣƸףֻҪۿӣ˵ĳª
һӰƤôܲʶ
ۼ⣬¶ϲɫ˵ӣҰ
Ӱһۣһͦضȥ¿׷ſڣֻ·ƵĹ£ӰϸߵӰԽԽԶֱŤúûԲƨɻȥģ﷢һһ̵ģΪ嶯
Ϻһĭ˵ģôˮ椣ƾɶĽǸ쵰жˣ˫ɰҲƾʲôأߺߣˡӾҪú㣬죬֪ӱĽɹá
뵽ദȸߵЦˣҪжġ
ݣЦ˵ѽⰡǸѧĽɱˣܿ㣿
һ׾ƣһڸɵĽɣƾʲô椶ģҾˡ
ϣ˼ȾơۣأΪ¶ôȶࡣ
ǱߵӰ󳵼䣬ͣźöϳںɭɭģǽϵĸߴһڶϰ˵⳵ˡһȫñʱϱߵµĶˡʱʱ⣬Ǵ˿£ëȻ
׳ŵšϰֵİ칫ţƣƹģߵΡ񡢹ŵ·һŵ϶ǰ
ϰֹĵطҲĽɳĵط뵽ˣһů˵Ҫ֪϶ЦҵġҺôҲѧʲôء
ĵӻҸϲĿЦò㱳ôҲЦ
Կ״ԱߵĲϿ⣬ϵʱ򵥲һ¡ң˵ĹǾͲȥɡ
ͷһϰֵ࣬ͷһΡ˵ϰֲ˵ʵϣһСʱȥϰûСʱȥû
Ϊ˸Լ׳ֵͲڳѲߣСԼܵ˫Ҳš룬ǽǵһֻ֨֨ؽмŵһ칫ȥͬһʱҲŵ֮زز
ٹ˲⣬ϽĽɴ绰Է֤쵽ķĲ԰һЩ˵ڣʲôˡ޸һ¡ɴˣ뵽ŮܿᣬʹҲõġãҲԺκòҿԻ޸
ĽҪı֤Ժáָϰִ绰شʧָֻĽ
Ϊʱ䣬Ŀյȭȭߣϴ׼ɾ䡣ȵģֱһˡͬʱﻹнطеŮķɡ
֪һĻ䵽ŷ͵˵ȵҪȡһжˡѾ绰ԼͬǺܿ쵽ȽС椸㶨
⿴ÿˮʶ೤ưͷⳤȣ¡Сظ·ߵ塣٣иˡÿж÷⡣
ߵӰȭȻŵһζȻӻ˼Σˤڵءʧȥʶһ̣˵ѵҵĲַĽɣôأ
º֣˵ؿеˡСŮϡͬѸϵѿڳ⡣
ǴԿ׸ǣһȥţȥᶫ
һʣǸɻɶ
һŵӰã͸ഺŮϢǴֱУҲһġ
˵Ҹ˫ʮָţһЦ
Ǽһ˵ϴ˵ˣжҪѸ٣Ӿ£ߡ
еͷͷɻȥ
ǲҿԼ¶ȥˡ˵СӵĹѾ߼Ȼк쳷ûأôߣСӰԿһӣˡ
ڸأᱡӰ
˯¶ЦĿȫɨɨȥ̲סӳ֣Ư󡣲룬Ӱһۣһ
Ӱȫǰɼеʲô
һ£ٺЦȻĺ¶ˡֶ
ӰҲѧģһϣӣ
ûץס֣˵Сĸζ㣬򲻹ҵġ϶һҲúĥСֻ֣СУ֡
ӰŭֺޣԼ֣յû֣͹ģͷҰ
ӰֱԲĿҶңҽĽɷ㣬㵱ˡ
̧ͷٺЦ˵Ͼ͵ˡ
Ӱģ͵֣һץǵֵ绰
󾪣æȥ绰߳ϣѵ绰ˤϣЦ˾㣬ûšھ͸ɣҵˡֶһ˹
ӰӺʾͷһߴţһ߷šҪʱӰĴҧһڣˣѪ
۵ˣѽһС
ӰϻմѪЦȰϽȻĻһҧ㡣ȻӲ£Ϊþ
߳ŭһȹѿ̶ЦˣЦô죬Цףǰϲһ򼦰͡Це
ֿʼˡһ󺰽ʹУӰ½ߵţСظ΢ţİߡ
Ӱ࣬ϣˮʧĽɲ
Ľڸأ߽Ӵšɿ˯Ҳû⡣Сšֿãʲôۼ
ĽûʲôԵģֱ򳵼֣칫ҡһ·ϵķ紵ľɢȥһ룬ͷԺѣйٺ
ʦǰӰ뿪ŷ߽ӵһĻֻӰţ棬ϱǵֻʣ¡Աߵӣѿã۷һ׹⡣
Ľŭɶ񷢷ϻһȥһ߹ȥ
ҲǷӦݣԱһö
ӰϲеĽɣŪһɣǰһڣεˡ
Ľǰһƣû¶Էġ
һתͷÿӣתܡ
Ľɿ缲磬֮ǰѵſڡ
֪ˣһȭĽɵĶӡĽɺһǽϣеۡ˻һ̧ĽɵĿ¡
Ľɶ㶼㣬һնĽ
֪Ͻţ˵ĽɣߡǾˮˮ
Ľɱƽһ˵ӰܷŹɣı
ҧӸƴˡӻͳһذףڵƹλεġ
Ľ֪ҲѧģСӡĿⶢذףô
èذҡţͻȻĽɵšĽҡһʮ൶Ĳλͷ򶼺ֺֿܵ꣬ݡСӷӳŵ㣬䡣
ĽɴΪԾ벻ĵȭǿ̫ˣƵеæҡǵٿһỮһСģؿڵ·һӡҪÿ죬ҪҲˡ
ʤһУΪ⣬һĽһƣĵһУذûסˡ
㡢»ؾŹ㡣
Ҽ񵶣ŤͷܣĽ׷ΧתĽɽ׷ᡣ˸ӣϻ赹Ӱ
ȦĽͣסӣҲͣţһͷĽ׷Ȧܲˡ
Ϊ㻹ܵˣ
ĽӥץСһץסӵϣһ߹ϣһͷ֪ϼ
ҽ㣡
۰
һҽСû£ĽһȭȥϱǣѪ
ڵأ߹ǣҲѪĽɣɱңɱҡֻûиء
ĽɿӰʱۣȴûӣԺã뵽ĿɶҪԼʱϵˣ
Ľʵôˣôԣ
ʹ㣬ˮһͺá˵ֱͷһֱݺᣬǱ
Ľ治ܴģһ߳һ߹ǣǶӻ˻Σϲˡ
ĽɲϾӰƢõͱɡԼòᣬҲ㱨ˡ
ȸӰ·ڴ֮ǰһνĽɾ̾ûϴ£ǹӣſʼ֡
ѵش꣬ӰϣֵܹӵԿףĲɫ䣬ȫˡ
Ľɼ˵˵һԵġȥֿ⿴¡ӦһץԿףתܡ
ӣܻأɫ԰ף˵ˣü½ķ䡢ȫûˡ
Ľɿһ˵Ͻ쵼ɣҸδ绰
Ǹ֮ǰĽȽӰͻؼҡ⣬¶˵õ



09 Ůջ

ĽǽӰؼҵģһ·ˡСҲˣĽɽ˵ӰַˡԷ̾Ϣ˵⺢첻۾
صңɳϢٿӰ˯ô㣬ϴ΢ЦЦô𣬲֪μʲô¶żһëĽע⵽Ľëһ˶ÿ
Ŀ䵽ϡϵʱĽһȣæĿߣ˵Ӱˡ
Ŀ䵽ǽϣǽϳ˰ףʲôûСףһӻƤղڳΪµ龰
ʱӰϣֻ£һ
޳ƤϼѣѩûеƹҲᷢ͵ĹԡǸ첲ȵûʲô覴áϸв㣬ֻ첲һмСȵİ̺ۣ
Ľ֪飬ֻᰮΪ˰Ƿ֮󣬻ˤײµġʱʧȥԣ޷Կء
˰̲ϸֲˡ𴦵ļǹ⻬ģϸģġǱ°ĵط˸档
¿ǳɫģֱͿбŵİǵʽҹģڿǲСġû¿㣬ȫǹţջΪ鲼оʹͬˡ
زһͻС±һظС
Ľע⵽Ӱظ󣬴Ӷֵĳ̶ȿѼɡںţظһһ˺µķ羰ƿ£ʵʵġϸƣƺҲڶţĺһࡣ
ϸһƣڿ߸¶һԼһëġһëһ֡ɴ˿֪Ӱëһܳġ˵ëŮǿ֪ǲġ֪Ӱǿǿ
Ϊ粻ġŸ·ƾΪŮµľ飬·ҲѾ·ڸǣҲ֮ԴõѾԺˡ
ҨһЩˮëΪ
۾һЦȻ·˯һþ
תתͷ򻷾˵ĽɣҲڳϰֵôڼأ
Ľһ㶣ǵÿηʱҲͻȻʧ䣬¶ѵҲҲáҪ뵽꣬ᷢġ
һЦݣ͵Ҹϵʱʦ˯ˡһⲻаҾ͸ʦ绰Ȼˡ
Ӱое㷢գɬ˵·Ҫ˶಻á
Ľɿɫģԣ˵СʱһЩھӣ˵ˡǶĺø硣
Ӱһڣߵ׸磬ʲô˼˵ţɳҪ򷿼䣬ͻȻ˽Ļôرţ˼ӣ˵ĻҲûзպʹࡣҪһӸöðҪܿá
Ľ뵽Ĳ뵽§ýģֻҲеӵ͵ԡ
¶ģҪһӱǻһ˺
˵һӵġԺԶ롣Զı˭Ҫ۸㣬һҽԺļҡ
Ӱ˵ϲ⻰֪ҲǰҶϣһܹ㣬һҲֿ
Ľ룬˵ôأһģƭ㡣ߵﶼ㡣
ӰĻ̧ͷ˵ҪԺˣô죿
Ľһֻ§۾ţ˵¡
Ҳ˳ô죿
͡
Ͳͨô죿
Ǹͨˣҵġ
ʵڲܽô죿
ң㣬ǶҲҲĽˣûסҶܿƢû
ӰԳЦˣ˵ҾӺšǰ
һţʵͬҪҪչˣôأ
ĽɶڴΪ֮
Ӱ󵨵˵һ˯˵գ࣬ޱȣһ£ֻСһܵˣԼ䡣
Լ˵ӰԲ𰡣ȻҵһãʵҲҴ㵽ǰȥʦչ˺㡣
뵽ʦķ뵽гϣţδͦĵġǸƷдѴѵǮ򸴺󰡣˭ƲũģڴϴڳҲϴ
ʦ绰ʦѷصλúչӰòĵλ¶˵󳧳Щ쵼¼ԱҲȥˣͽҽԺ˶ٶѾ壬ûб
ĽʵΪɶûбô¶
֣̾˵쵼¶ǹôǸɺԼ¶ˡˣҪ緢֣ϵҵİඪ˶ûҿɳԲ˶ߡ
Ľɰһ˵ҲûʲôûЩͬץʧܡֻǲЩ׷𣿡
֣˵쵼¶ǹܡ
Ľɺߵǲ֮簡Σλ氡Ӧܹ˾㱨
֣Ȱ˰ɣĽɡǰǵİû¶¶ԭҲһУһпˡ¶ԸôôɡûξСﻹ˵Ҫءй
Ľһ˵õģʦҶġҲϣµ绰һŭֹµΣȻû¶֪ˣҲˡΪԼ׼Ҳˡ
ƽЩҪ˯绰һ鷳µˡ



10 ¾ط

绰Ǹİ˵ĴɤţĽɰɣ
Ľɣ˭
˭طŵĻ˴ЦЦһֻȮ
طĽɣȾҰҪɱҡҪ㲻ǮĻҾˡ͸ſͿֲǱڲϡ
ܡ˺ƱʬЩĽǰĵСӲǱǺİɣ
Ľϰߴɱɱģֻ˺ط㣬˵£ϸˣƾʲôץ㣿ҪǮҽװ
˵СǸ˵ǿţӣƬҶˡϽǮһ˹׼ˣĻ͵Ÿʬɡ˵ߣ磬׵ǡ
Ľæ˵Ҫ侲𼤶Ҫ˺Ҳ߱ˣȫϡ˵ɣôס
绰һƬЦһ˵ЦˣΪЦͬЦķ졣
׼Ǯɡʱϵ㡣Էˡ
Ľɷֻವ׵ɳϣģҲġ
һӰܳܵǰʵĽɣɶ¶ˣƺղŵĲ졣
ĽɿĶ̿㣬֫ѩԸаֻǴʱûЩط䵽˼ʱΣա
Ľɰһ˵Ӱһȣߵãã˲źءˣ¶
Ľɵ۾˵ҪҴ绰㲻һɻ°ɣ
Ľһ˵Ӱ𣿡
Ӱһۣ˵ǿɲ˵ûһö
Ľɵط㣬ûĺۣ˵׼Ǯ׼Ƥ
ӰӦһ˵㻹ǮأǱɡ
Ľɫɲܱ֪Щʲôϸһһ׼ļһƼˣطͲˡ
Ӱáһһѷط䣬ʼҶ
ĽҲ׼ϳ£һΧӶ
ӰƤ˵ҪҸһȥɡĿǹġ
СĹ򻹲ҡ
Ӱ촽һ˵ǺðɡҪСġɲʲô¶Ϊҡ
Ľɵͷ㻹ҵĹ𣿡
绰ִȵĳڡĽɸӰ۾Ȼʪˣһ޵ӡ
ĽЦզأôûأ
Ӱ˵ؼҰȫŨŨ顣
ӰһĽɴö󲽳šûлͷԸĿ⡣
ѽӽҹˣΧƶˣֻʣ·ƻš
һǰߣһѰų⳵Լʮӣһ
ϵԷָڣûˡԷĳ·ȥţֻطĽһ١
˳⳵Էָ㣬߹հ˹գ߽һƾɵС߶Щ¥㡣ϵһԪĶ¥췿š
ſһСŸӡ
Ľװµӣţе¡
ûҴطɣҸطأ
Сӻ˻ΰӣʵǮˣ
ĽЦȻˣ˻κƤ
һɤŽеǮù
ĽɽеСûˣǮһѲ߱ǺأһƤת
ǸɤŹЦ˵Сӣͦоء
СաĽɸȥ
ǰһһƵݷĿĹ⡣£ط㱻һŴϣֻһá׵ģ϶ദࡣ
һĽɣ۷ųĹеֵܣˡҶˡ
һվһˡߵŰѳطͷϿաұǸŰǹںڵǹ׼Ľɡ
ɵڴֵģе̩ɭŰӣһһ⣬ֻ׶ٵ۾η
طƳһۣطʱ죬ٲҽУǾ֣촽ɫˡ
СһָУ˵ϴ硣
Ľɹؾϸ˵áҸɶԲסģֵܵǸˡ㿴ǮˣǸ÷˰ɣЩƬ
¶ЦݣһĴɤŴ̶
Сӣ㻹˵˲ѡȲǮСʹɫ
СӴĽӹƤϴȥزǮ꣬һͷ
¶Ц˵ƬҲϵ
СùһƬĽɿϱ߶طŮ˵գʽֳ̬ġҪǳϲԣĽúһԭһֳ̡
ҸǿԾ
Сøط㿴ط㲻סͷ
СӵƬյִһ۶ϡطˣһ
һָţ˵ˡ
طĽͬʱɫȴЦЦǰϡ
ط׳ŵӣ磬㲻˵Ǯͷ𣿡
ߵСӣǿźãҳžһһ⣬۾ʱأҲġ
Ľɼ״ðһָ磬ȵס֡ô
ٺЦȥұ֤ˡ
Ľɵ˵˵ѣ׵а׵ĹأڵкڵĹءôãԺզڵϻأ˳Ц𣿡
ϵĺţеҵĵ̣ҾǹأĸҳûõġǮ
һеǮ
Ľεصͷ˵ǮˡǱ÷ˡһ͡
˴ЦΪСǮء
ĽɵͳʱָһΧӶӡѸǣȥһ߳ûȾӣнţ߳ԶǱߵѽһȥڵϣŵطѽһӡ
ǹҲڵϣʹȥץǹ
Ľɱ졣һ̤ϵĵֽǹץһӣӶˡһϵڼ֮ڡ
ôӿɵˡô꣬ûô
Ľǹ˵Ҫ𣿡һоǹѾˣ黨һǽһ
׵ƵľɥӴҲҳ
Ľط·ϣǮװãѶúãҪؼҡ



11 һ˯

纰һȡ
Ľɻͷʣôģ㲻ҵ𣿡
ϼ˵м֣֪ûСʲôģʮһϣҲǸǲʶ泹ױһݡ
ô˵ط㡣·кѳҲ£ʵ
Ľɹ֣˵ӢۣԺ׽׽
Ľɰڰ֣˵ģǲһ·ġ
˵ɡ㵱磬Ƕġ
ĽһЦɱŻҰҺö˶˵ģɲڵ
ϧ˵֣ڵϻϹˡ
ĽĿºط¥
Сߣߵ
طпɺð⼸СʱҼһӵġֱϲ
ĽЦʵ˵ǣô¶ôᱻ˸գֱأ
ط㳤̾һ˵²ס֮ǰӡǰŪһܲǵգͺһۿſˣ˵ˡûǵǹģֻ־ܡǺڰզѧءĻҲ䵽زǰöأڻۡŤŤӣ첲
ĽЦЦʵô˵ûǰ
ط㵱ϴ·ģҸɸƨڿأӳˡĶף尡ûһ߰
Ľɸߴ·ʵô˵ǲźð
طһˮڵأ˵Ҳ˱ڡҪźãҲԩˡ˭֪ĴĶŪû϶רҵƵġޣ
Ŵ·еߡ·ƽ˵ӰͶڵϣںġʱ䣬ûˣżһХڶ˵ϴһ硣
طˣܳϿҵ˵ֵܣллˡҪҰ֪¶ǵҲɡ
ĽЦ׸ǣлʲôҪлҳտ
طգ̲סЦˣĽҲЦˡ
Цط˵Ľɣм¶㡣
Ľһ֣˵ˡ¶ֻ˵
ط־̬˵̫ˣҪǴȥͳˣҪǴѩҵŮûˡܰұ𣿡
ĽһЦ˵ɶ¶İɣҲ˵ġ
Ǿˡҵǰ;ԶأҪ׷ѩ
İɡƾԾɡԾԾ÷ɾͷɡû㡣ֻҪеĻ
ֿʱĽ˵ЩοŴǮȥ
򿪷ţŵƣӰ˯ڿɳϣϸǸ̺ӡһǰˣɳ˵ˣû˰ɣ˽Ļ
Ľ΢Ц㿴ҲǺúõ𣿶ˣô˯أ
Ӱ˵⻰ĽȺøжһá
Ľţ˵ط˯ɡԼ䡣
Ӱĺ촽һ̣һĽģ˵ҽҪһ˯Ҳĸ첲һСް㡣
Ľܾ˵УУԲС
Ӱճһճϣ˵㲻ϵ㿼һ¡ʹջ㣬ҪʼղģǾӣҾͶģԺٲ㣬㿴ô
Ľɾûƣ˵ҲԼġ
ӰһЦ˵ҿɵӦˡ
ݹغšںڰУӰ̱ȥ
Ľ·˵Ӱҿ㻹ǻݰɡÿ飬治㶯ĵġ
Ӱеû飬ô֪ᶯģš
Ľɼˣٶ໰ϴ£ӰŲָǺñӡӣͬ˯ûʲô
Ӱٴο㻳á§Ұ㲻ǾԿ
Ľԥ§ϸ㣬ĸоͦãֹˮӺһ㣬ƨָŤŤģʱ̲ɶɧš
ĽѵСѾͷҶ
ӰԳЦˣ˵Ľɣҵĺô磬ܲˣͽȥɡԼˡ
ôһ˵ĽԶԡ
Ӱ˵Ľɣҽղž˵¶ôǸɫǾȻġ
ĽɴӦһѾ˹̽һ飬ӰСеġһѺΪԷǹһ˵ãӵĹôදŵǸϴֱԡ
ĽЦҪûҶʦԴڣһӱɡ
ûʦҽʲô·զôأкġ
ĽɴӦðɡҾ͸㣬𴫳ȥ
ԭʦ游ĩһλң԰ԪסȸֱԹȴʦĸһѹƽƽʦһΪֹˣֿ¿๦׷ƽ游
ٶȱʱ뿹֯һ˴ʮձ֣ԷΪս񡣺šԶߺ⡣ٺ£ֳȥĽɵĴﰲ
ԵɺϣΪĽɵʦԼĵʦͽ˴ദʮɡ߷ſ֮󣬶ʦֳͼԲȥˡ˵ֻҪĽԸ⣬ͰͽŪȥں⿪أͽǧˣΪһʦ
Ľɵ㹦򣬺Ͷʦ˼ұȣţһëɡ
ӰĶ˫۲סĲӣĽɣʦôţҲðҺó㡣ףһϣĽһ׹ΣɴӲġ
Ӱ۾ںڰЦţ˵ôϣҰ֣á㣬ⱲӲᰮϵڶˡ
Ľɺߵûġá
Ӱ˵ҾͲţҵ㡣϶ѾӲˡ̽ȥĽɵָס
Ľ˵СѾͷԽԽˡ˵˵
ôƯкģôܲأһǿԼġԴſǻ
Ľ˿Цãƨţ˵СѾͷں˵ȥ˯ɡȻĻҴ绰ʦˡʦв
ӰߵߣûšӦһ
ʲô֪ʲô¶
ܿô¶ġСɬ
Ľɾͷ󣬴⣬ʵҪҲ
Ӱһúý
Ľû취룬˵ðɡӺ˵ѱԵŵ
ûӣӰܲˣһåҪæȥ任ڿ㣬Լ䲻ٳ
ĽɰԵ⣬˵֪ҵ˰ɣá



12 ֵҸ

ʦ˵°ࡣ緹ʱΧһ
Ӱһ߳ԷһĿĽɡô޵Ĺ£ô̼Ķһδ¶Ůܵˣ
ĽɿֶˣＡƺڱء˵Ҳ˼Ƶġ
Ӱ°극˵ȥͬѧˡĽһۣתˣʲô
ֻ֣ЦǺǵسŶˣԡҪĽĹү治
Ӱһߣ֣˵Ӱǵ£ַˣûӰɣ
ĽɴûСҸϵʱֹ
֣䣬˵ʶĲ
Ľʵôô𣿡
֣һߣ˵ȷʾ¾͵û¶ҽԺƣĶǹʣᴦġʲô¶ѵЩô𣿡
Ľɽȥܹ˾ϱЩ˵ͨͨɵ
֣һ˵ôɡ㲻֪Ҹܹ˾ϴҲǶ³йìܡԭܹ˾ϯʦᵽСط´ȥֻЩ˿Ц
Ľ۾ͷʧʦôţΪʲôأ
֣һڣҡͷ˵ǳ£ˣöǰˣҿ㣬ȼзɹһжϣˡûʧȥĶ
ĽŶһ˵ԭʦǾôô¶һ𣿡
֣ͷȼЩƨ£˵͵ķҲۼҶɡѶҪҲû˵һá
Ľɲģһӣпˡ
֣¶Цݣ˵Ľɰ˵¶أžסʲôʱҪԼǻоƵ¡µĹϻɣϵüҹ˾̸Ʒ¶ˡȰͼֽȥûӦǶҵļ͸¶ǵǢ̸ˣǩЭ˵
Ľɵͷ˵ʦû¶ȷʵӦСһ㡣ڵĻ̫ˡ
֣Ľɣ˵Ľɣһᾡйز뼼רġҴһдϡ
Ľæֵʦûʲôдϵġ
֣ЦǿɲСֻûѧ٣ļˮƽһ㲻ȼƳġϸҲҪáҪһ˸ɣٻҪʮܳɹ
ĽǫҿɲҾӹ
֣οĺҪˡҪ˳죬漸ͱȽףôԺҲܸչӰˣȥ˯ϰɡ
ĽɴӦţ·򹤳
һȻûʲô仯һվɡĶʦ칫ҵĵ绰˹Ȼ·ûʲôҪ˵ֻͬǲࡣ˵Ⱦƹ࣬ƺˤסԺ
Ľ˿Ц˵໹ءʲô¶
ûĳ䣬ƽʱҪˣҲȫˡʲô˳˳ģҵ൱졣еЩҽԺΪңٳôҹӡ
ǵĩĽɴؼҿ븸ĸܵܡãм²ˡܿͬأҸɵӰܸɵ¶
̫ûɣ±߱üֱҪըⲻУӰܺġֹԼѳõСԵɲԲˡ
õ绰ϵܿʱͨһʼû˽ӡġ򼸱飬˽ʹĽɻ˵ǲܽӣûأٴʱԷŽӣ˵ֻؼҵ¶ܿԼѵҡ
Ľɺܲ⣬ȻؼңΪɶҴкأǶͬͬصġƽô绰Ϊ˵ҪרѧϰżȥѧУԸӰ֣õʱ򣬻дһ´Ϲѧϵûôڡ
Ľɻ˵ʱܿ˵ҪϢĽֻ˵
µ绰Լʧְǰ꺮ůڴ绰ʱ١ҲȫԼԼҲճ˵ϲˡ
ãλȥøú̸̸Ȼ֮Ҳóˮ⡣
أӰŽ룬èһͶĽһʵʦأ
ӰĿתת˵˵ȥתתŻ
Ľ˵ô˵ʩ˼ˣ붼ҡ
ӰЦţ˵ô˰ɣ¾;Ͷܿ˦ԺҵŮѡ̴
ĽѾͷ˵λڴߣҶ˵Ƿˡǵòͦ
Ӱţĺ󱳣˵ûؼҰɣ
Ľһ۾˵һȻô˯
һؼҰɡļˣҲ֪ܿʲôӣʸҾ
Ľɳ̾Ҹô˽أ
Ӱ룬˵˵С˰ɡܿô
Ľֿԣ˵ñĵĿ⿴㣬ٴһ⣬Ȼܵˡ
ӰǺЦ˵ôȥˡ㰤һ⣬оô׸ɵˣٺ
ĽĶְĸͷûߣҲûĳҲûĴֳԶˣ⵱õģôŮѾأ
ӰΪ⣬ǲ磬˵ҾͷˡǲزҵĴ󣿡ż⡣
Ľɾúģ˵֪
ӰоϷգ׷ʵ˵
Ľֱüε˵ûظ
ӰЦ˵ǻ𣿡
Ӱƹصʲôˡһߣ֣Լϡ
ĽɵֹͣΪû·ֱϡŶеԡƾֱСЩӦñȼ
һ̣ɵˡѾͷʲô¶ɵó
Ӱ򶨣ʣôĴ𣿡һְֻһϡ
һ̣Ľе񣬷·ܿģһץһģСͷָ򱻵šӰֽţе㼤綼˵ָţҲţôĺŶְɡ
һӣĽɱѣѸٳ֣Լϴһ⣬ǸôܶԼ¶ء˫ֱͷʹӡ
Ӱ۵˵ĽɣԸġԼһܵġ֣ı
Ľɿɬ˵Ӱӣԭҡ
Ӱѵ˵Ľɰ˵ʲôҵҵˡҵȫġôС
ĽɼʾӾӣԺ㲻ҪҡҲܽܡ
ӰٺЦ˵㵱ӣҿûдӦֻܵˡ㲻ҪңⱲӶˡһʹ˵ûģղŵַϣܲʵӦͦܵĲǡ˵㿪ʼҶˡܺãĿ鵽Ϊֹ´μʤСȥ
Ľһ´˵ҵӣûжģôᶯأһѹ֣һʱͷ´ξԲĵ



13 Ů

ϣĽɸط绰ؼҲ˵أǸŪֲؼҡ
Ľ˵иܿ
Էʱ֣һЩ·ϰȫĸʺõĻ
Ӱû˵ʲô¶֮⡣Ϊ׼װˮָġ
ߵʱ򣬼ϰֲڣ§죬ŵĽֱ㡣Ӱֱ۾
ʦк¥СԺͷԼҵĴӡӰӴ򿪵Ĵ̽ͷЦЦ֣Զ
ôģת϶վͳûֱﶫվĹֲôȥҪ໨Ǯء
ڿλϴůϣر˯۾뵽ҪĸܵãһĶˡԲ֮Ҫġ
Ҫ˯ʱ˾ۣ۰¿ģ̫ţˡ
ĽһֻۣһγڴⱼܣʺɫչʮĿͷӡÿһԳĺɡ߹ѪͳǸУֻӣǰߵһɫγһβˡ
Ľ˵ĳһ𡣵Һʦ²Ʒ˴ƣǮûʱҲŪһɪһ¡ֳһƬ֪ĸġҲû⣬ֺ۾Ϣ
ϻؼҵĿͳˣҲǿҪңҪĸСʱءųĽֵľ¥ˣշվڸϡ⾰һ䣬ʱɽ롢ʱǹҰһ
ĳ˿еĴе˯Ҳе졣Ǹʱֻոյûжõ
Ľɿһᴰ⣬ҪֿۣɫˡӺ׷գ۳ȥ֮
ĽûĳƺţƾֱΪǸղſע⵽ǳϡͻ⡣ͷϵı۱־ִ磬Եô󣬵·ô࣬һΣԵءҪأǸԵˡ
һӰǺŮǾڶʱΣȻеȿȣȻͰŮˡ
Ľ˵⳵ǸŮģҲ̫ţ衣ҶǸεŮ˿ǾӲ롣
ʱ򣬵س³Ǵ岻ԶеĻҲһСʱõĻϴӡӵġӵмպͽγҲôƽ˼иĦг㲻˳лǿгġ
ڻش·ϣ൱áЩũҲͨˮھˮ·ϡгẉֱָ̂ȻĿȳö࣬¡ɾޱߣһ꣬ϲˡҪûʲôĻǸꡣ
ãҲ죬ߵһ·ʱŶַɫγͣǰ·м䣬һΧУ໰һɫγбǰͷߡ
Ľ֣ǰ׳ȽͨҪǴӺ׷׷ϱ⼸һʲôѵ۳ˣ
߹ȥ¶ǰһƣһһʶǴӶӡСӸͷΡ㲿䶼Уֻһڰ̣󶼻ˡ
аŮأĽͣסš
ģ˭һͷĽɣϵŭʱˡ˽Ľɵģ޵֣˳ơϻ
¶Ц˵Ӵϻ簡˵ɶأûаŮС椶ϴ󲻾׷Ҫءèڳﲻ
ʱǸϴͬת࣬ŰͷͷĿͦӡ
糤ĶӣʦųʨǽʦϴǴĽɣذǶϻ
ʦϴһĽɣһᣬתӣĽɡĽ¶
С椣³ǸȻĻĳʦϴȭͷвšҲţ³ҳ
գߣ˴Ӧ
ʦϴǽ°죬ԷǲʦϴԸһǣһҪٲ³Ҳ
׳ٻʱÿһӡ
ʦϴеҡȼɱɱ顣צģŭҰޣС۾ɴ
ĽûߣһԿ֡Ҫϵν鷳¶
ʱһһŮǾҰɡģģȰöĽڣһ˭Ҳûô˵
³ţ򳵺ߣӰҳߵ복״ͣ£΢̧ͷʮָ䡣
˿ȥһʱ䶼ľˣһ߽ɾŮ֮С
һɫȹ롣ȹǶС׻ڷɢţһִǰһִڱ󣬻źī۾¶ߵıӺ޿ޡ촽΢̣ӣʾ
ĽⳢŮζ˾Ϊ֮㵹СĿ´С椣ǲӣǼ͸ɴĸ첲ȻëоԷƮƮġ
֣ظȽͻɽܿӰŮζȲϵġŶϰ
һ룬ǸʲôôôɫأƮƮɫҲ۾ëءȻīժ
ҵô⼸һ
ŮӲֻǾվţƺ⳵ġ˵ĴѵԣҲ֡
ʦϴѹ촽˵СŮûĳسǶҲòҵǸǸˣҺȶپƣһˣ¶ˡ¶ЦĿɨɨȥġһҲֱ֡
̩ɽ˵Ұɡˡ·ķӯ紵Ҫ紵һ㣬
ʦϴɲϧ񣬺½ΧסеСŮ߰㻹ûҵǸء
˲ߣǶߣߣֶұߡʦϴЦС椣ҲС۾ժҿ࣬ҾͷŹ㡣
˲˵ͻƿڡʦϴǵȻšһСҲ޷ΧȦ
ĽվǺߣǿ֣ɼһƮƮĹﱻ꣬ʵ̲סҲܶԷ˭ӡ
Ľɽе̫ҹǰ
ʦϴǶתǹһԼ
£ʱٿС椣Ҳת΢ſ죬ֹ



14 ޸ʹ

ʦϴָĽɵıӣһ࣬µСװʲô⣿ûϵ·ȻĻ㿴̫µˣСô
ĽָıӣƵĶ
ʦϴЦĻˣӡ
ȰϴϻǴ޵ְ
ʦϴߵңܲҷǰϻ󡣡ŬŬ졣СͬѵĶȮˡ
Ľü˲űˮܵӡ
߹Ľ˵߰ɣùҡ䵭й֮⣬Ľһ
Сãҹܶˡ㿴ôʨӴֻʭӵġ档
Χϡ
ʦϴֻ˳˵ôݣˡһסţͷ̧ͷġ۾˵顣ֻ˵ôôǰƣ̫ˡҪ֣죬٣ζöð
ѽһǰѽһʦϴתһƣֻԼ¶ſڵϣѵҪһߡ
ĽЦǺǵڻڱϣˮϡ
ʦϴҲӣҷϡһǡڻġȥ˰˷
ĽɲܣһȭϣһɺϮʦϴ˼סΣ˵ʹӥצ˫ٶĽץȥ
˫ִ͸ǵĺ硣ĽɲҴ⣬ˣˮڵϣʦϴ󵽸ǰһʦϴı
ʦϴ֣Ӧݣ䣬תץ󣬱ĽɳС
ôһһսһԱĸ˹սſڵϣվýζҲǰܵġٿǸˣ۾سţ૵ϻӡط˵òԣĽҲ˵Ӱ
Ŵţˡͣսһ;ۼüʮˡ쵼˺ţϻͣ͡µ糤𣿲¡ؼ糤û죬ûʶӡ
˵£˴ʮغϣĽɻʵͻȻӿٶȣһʦϴƨϣߵһͷţֱ·ߵã˫סû
Ľ֣˵ʦϴ󣬲
ʦϴתһûӦսɫγȥȥСں߽ţϴ󣬵ȵǡ峤Ҳȥһ粨˽
ֵĲѲɢȥĽɱϱö׼·
˾һԣҪߣе⡣УӦùԼҪô׽ҪԼ绰ճԼ󲿷Լʶˣӵģɽ˷Ϳ
֣߹˵лл㣬Ľɡ͸֮⡣
Ľһ㶣תͷ˵ʶ𣿡
˻شط˵㼸Ρûǰ˵𣿡
ᵽط㣬Ľһһ£ƺȻָС椵֪ˣһǸҪҪ˽ʲôѩġ
˲ѩ
Ľɳ֣˵һᣬһᣬŮ
ѩǫŮҵε¶ˡ
һͷĴظԼǰĹӿӿĽæƿ۾˵е㳤ùˡҲ仵ġ
ĽϵطҲҵѡ㲻ϲʶ㱻꣬Ҳܲܡ
ѩ޵Ǹ͡
ĽãǺЦˡŮ䣬˭أ
ѩ£˵ԼˣΪѵĹ˾У߿֮ǰʶط㣬ط㾪Ϊˣ֪ѣҲܲˣչ׷æΪ˶ط㣬ͿԼΡ
īĽ˵طҶ㣬Ϊüġ˵Ůеǣûɶ˲ġ˵ҪҼ㣬˵ɶҼ㣬˵ʲôΪҺãһԡһ֮¡
ѩʵô
ĽԵ˵ܵԶԶġҿɲ䵽طǸ³
ѩգһ΢Цݺðף㷢ƮĽһ󷢴˵ҪժīĻֻԡҺˣʧԼ
ѩЦתۼţ˵طͻ˵˵öԡŮˡ
ô˵ҵģĽɺԸ죬̹ϣöֻǶЩĮ
ѩ˵˵㳤ɵڴ֣ޱȡ书򲻴˭ɫеɫŮ˾ӡ
һЩĽɴΪȣΪطѩǰô̭ԼҪΪԼʹ椴ƽչΪ˳ĽɵǿġΪ߲嵶
ĽԴǣæ˵𣿡
ѩ˵ǴͣŮݽ档
ĽɹһЦ˵ǰûš˵㳵ʲôëҶԽγ˽⡣԰ɡ
ѩų˵⳵ܵˣ֪ʲôë⼸һسɧңҲǣܡں߾׷ܵͻȻϨôŪǰµء
ĽƿӣšԿţۿǱȻٺЦˣ˵˾ְûˡ
ѩһȣ͵⳵ſڶ죬ϤҲΪ⼸ر𻵣ҡ
Ľɲ˼˽£˵ţȥ͡
ѩԥ˵ҿԸһȥϻˡ͸ż
Ľɲܾ̾Լĳ·ߵȳ
˲վţĽɷĸͷͣһ塣΢紵ȹƮƮз顣һʲô㣬ģζƳźǣһֱī
Ƶ졣Ľɲ֪Ǵѧڷ١֮ͣ绰ûźţ򲻳ȥȻĻҲᱻΧôί
Ҫǵ绰ܹͨһ˰ǸߵġѩƵӡ
ĽɲҶ࿴Ŀ·ͷתţ˵Ǯ˵Ӷðϵӡ
ѩĵ˵ԸǼһá촽˱ǿЦӡ
ڵȵˣĽͬһϲĦлؼҡĽɽĦгѩسȥ
ʼѩץµάȶԡһ·Ϊ᫣Ҳʩʲộʹ·˺óһΡƵֶֻΣĽʱͣʱɲѩץס
Ϊ˲ɳȥֻ˫§˵û϶СɽĺֵĥĥȥΪܵͬʱִгԲҪ־òռ˱ˡ
Լ侲˵һͽˡ˭ϻҡҲûжط㡣
ͻĽɸ͡ѩԱ߿ţġһ̸鷽¶ѩ˪өˡ
ұҸҴСϲʮûбѧҵǾͽ顣Ľɵд˷ܺ͵⡣ĲƸ
ѩ̾Ϣһֺֺأ˵ȷʵҸǸδͦģᣬԼҵԼĹ˾ҵһһһڹϣûҡһ涼ѡ˵ˣ΢΢ʡ
Ľᣬ취绻ϲԼȻȥ̸˵ǿ϶ЩԼӡ̡
һæģÿγãܻع˾ҵûôʱɽȥˮߡſ
ǿȥǰĹ԰ռʱ䡣ڹ԰Ի㣬СϷʲôģ۾׽ԲأȤ
ŶһһµġҪٲУֻзһ·˵顣
Ļ̌ͷסˣԭժ۾ڲˮֻһۣĽɱɵˡŽŮŽŮ
ӡԺУ
ͻȻΪط㲻Լѩˡԣǲüܼ
ѩһͷ˵ͼˡ
ĽһɲϽʱ͵ͰѿաͰٿѩīִϣˡ
ٴαϰˮǡ



15 ӱ߳

ѩ˵æӦúúл㡣
Ľɰڰ֣΢ЦҲûʲôƼˮ꣬лң翼һطɡ˵ڣԼ˼ҶѾδˣԼطȡⲻ
ѩûʲô֣˵ܿͦõģúϧɡطΪˣʺҡ
֪֣ܿطûٺ˵¶˵Լ˲ġ
ĽɵͷǱ̬ȹƮݣ㷢Ʈǰΰɤղľ޵е֮С
ѩɫ˵ղѾҵҳû𣿡ʵ
ĽɳϿҵ˵ҺжҪȻһɵڶط㡣Ŷˡ
ѩЦˣ¶ҪժīȻһɣ
뿪ǰĽ绰룬˵Լҵס˳˴ӵĵΡ羰㽲ʮӡźڣԼôô£ôʧ̬ƽˡ
ѩûֳʲôУţҲ죬·ϵһ
ĽʾҪ˭㣬Ҵ绰һƬû¹˭ԼĿӢۡ
ѩͷ˵һϻسȥԴ绰ңҵĳˮ˵⻰ѵá
ĽЦû˵ʲôڰ֡ѩӼ֡ŮӻֶȱšܿȻƮȻȥ
ѩˣʧһԵʧС
ĽɶϽĦлؼȥˡѩķɣգһΡ
ڻؼҵ·ϣĳģϤ·Ϥľɫ뵽ҪܿúСռҪλãĶʮǺš˺һĵεΡ
ǵСʱһ𵽺ӱˮ׽㡣׽ʱؿޱӣ޵һͰ׽Цװ𣬱ڻģȥ
СĽ˵ҵ㣬ҪϱСܿ˵̫٣ôҲһС
ǵܿȥؼҲҵ㣬ܿѧѶֱܿޣŵݼҽǮûнĽɰԼ˽Ǯͳжܿ˵Ļﲻ
Ϊؼңּҵľһǧɣνӽū
ʱմ涼⣬ѧѸѡطģûܿġܿʱҪѧؼң帾ŮԺ˿֪
ĽɲѧҡֻԼܿԼĺˮǮ֮УͳһָҪ֪Ǯ֮סӲ˵㲻ҵ𣬻ɶܿжסĽɲţ˵Լиˣõˡ
Ƕʱ䣬ĽӡΪ˶Ǯ۵ġשʱɣѡװשѡשΪȫǮģȻҲ۵ġ
ÿƣģϿҪק򱻳ճһǳ͸Ѫ㡣߱ˡһΣܿˣһ۵ëȷһıϡ
ǹЦ˵û¶˵С˼ʵЩֲסˣÿһ뵽ܿůģȫԼԵÿп࣬ΪˡֻҪܿˣԼҲˡ
ֱ꣬ؼһǵǷծĽɲŲýӼܿ
֪ĽԼҵĺͬڡ
صңʮ㡣סڴвȥѻɴשǰùһЩϰ֣ʮ꣬ͷףŹչ·ͦһˣ۾ȴᣬһ仰˵
ĽﲻζϽؼҡ
Ժ˻ݲݣһЩѼ칷ǽߴеģϲһ߳͵ܵáľܿŸΧȹմӳЦݣ΢֣ˡ
ϸһͷɫžŷֿ㣬ŲЬˬ
СɵӣŮζùĵĵطģݵĵطݡ¶ߵֱԲ׶ϸЬ˫źʮֺȾɫԵʱС³
ĽܿЦЦȳһ衣ӦһЦͷҲһЩˡܵǣӾҲд硣ĽһһӦš
ϳʮ꣬еȸüĿ㣬˹ġ
Ӿϳʮ꣬ǳ߳εСŮ黨ӣǰϡһŹӣЦݣ崿У׳ȹ¶а׵Ĵȣǰһ
ŶһС
Ľ˵ӾԽԽٹ꣬ܿеһƴˡ
ܿ΢Ц˵·ͦðɣ
ͦõġ
ĸкݳԷɣˡ
һ˽ݳԷһΧģպҡгҵܰĽɵĿӹÿһȺġ
׵壬֮ǰЩ˶ӻϵ¶Цݣһٶּ崫ң̶Σв̤
ĽɣְֶģͷңǵãʲôǲܺЩåһ𡣡
׶̣ĽưĳͻЩåлسʱЩ죬ЦԼǣǱåͻġ
֣ģзִġ
ţǳԷɣ
ϳ⣬дɫˣعϡסɱˣÿһĽɴ񫡣ڳǳԲζĶġ
ڸˣĸָĽɺȾơܵˡӾǳͲ׼ˡܿҲӺơơ
ĸϱǳ⣬һвˣһʳʶ̵ģӾеԴˡСսĽɵĶ䣬˵磬ɩôȫơЬǴܽݵģ·¿ģϹһֻ¿ƻⲻǮɣҿö㣬Ѽӷˡ
Сӣ˵Էɡ
Ľɶ·˽⣬ƻֻ֪ƻֻ治ġĹмöµĹǶأ
ĽҲֹʲôʱЩǴĶǮأ֮󣬹ҲߣbڶѡѵطģҲܡԼԽأôٸǮ
ĽûţڷϽ𹤳һЩȤ¶ôҹֱЦܿҲЦˣЦеǿʲô¶
ĸûٿܿ˵ˣ⣬ˮæǰæģ˵Ľɺи
ܿɬЦǫ̣ôðֻǰԼˡ
ĸ֣˵ⱾļҰ
Ӿִչ˵磬˵еαˡɵö೤ۡһ
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ԸҴˡӾͷݰ
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ĽܿɢŴ·򱱡Ƿݣһŵģ淶ۣĿżţȺȺĽָЩũϢƮݡϢ˾ڴȻĻ
ĽɲܿһЩ仯ǰռ˵ģҲѧüۡüëϸ촽ͿΡԭ뾱̷ǳԺЩ
ǰӡȻڶ༸̬ǰеŮ˲ġۡǳлġۡˡظֻǼԼĶŬѾϵƻˡ
죬˵ƣ糺죬˵ĶˡżһӣظҲ΢΢Ĳܲʶѩ׳ۣҲ֮
ĽɳһЦ˵ʲôÿģôˡԼ֡
Ľɳ˵һҲˣþòѧУô
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ĽҡͷôأҲ㡣ΪԼѧҵ
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Ľһظ˵ˡֻҪʲôԭ㡣
ܿգȻһЦޱȣ˵ãĽɡȥĽɵ֣Էޱ泩Ŀ
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ĽɺܿǶںӱ߳ģоеúܡĽָˮ˵ǵǰº׽ԡ㻹ѧӾ
ۣܿ˵ȻǵáˮӾʱĽùǺҿʼˮӲȥģѧӾ׽㲻Уץס㡣ַʽʳҰҵĵһξ׽ʧȥġʱҺɵɰһĵĺ촽һĿһбҪγˮ
ĽȥսΪԺ˵ΪܰңŻʧġҪڻ֪Ů˵ĿءӦöҸм
ۣܿӰɣҲӵιġ˵ţЦųĽɳ
Ľɷ·صյĳʱ⣬Ҳˮ˵ð׷Ұ׷ˣԼӡҪ׷ĽһţѾڳס
ܿ׷ţ˵ô˫۰ڶ
ĽɻͷӿظЦʹʧһΡ
ܿɫǡ
ĽɳԶȥܿ׷šһṤ򣬶ʧ֮䣬ˮһа



16 м

ܿ׷ĽɶһܿʱĽȥӱס˫˳ץءŶСãдӲ
ܿŤͷñס졣ܿһԣſ죬ͷ²Сࡣ·ԽԽȣһɧСѨ𣬺Ŀ
ܿĵĽֽܿתǣͷڴⷭɾûûˣִֻT½ȥֺӡ
ܿ죬˵Ūҵ·ȫƻ
Ľ糺˵ˣôƻ
ܿĿ˿˵Ʊˣһٶ
ĽҲ׷٣ʱҪ֡Ҫ·
Լɡʼ֣ʮָɣ
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ܿһأһ±ߣӣҲв˼ŮԵ
Ľ˷ܵش֣˵ˡ
ܿ͵Ŀɣ˵ѣɰɡһ˶಻á
ĽɷӲžߴǿ׳ⷢֱǽ˵ΡǸӣ¿Ĳ࣬ҡͷءȻⶫĿС
ĽһһԸࡣķͨȽϣԽԽǿ⡣˵עõŮˡ
ǰµĶţҲһҪ⡱
ܿס׶šĽɺ˵һ𣿡ڽ˵ζ˵Ů
ܿüáֲС㣬Ųɧء
ĽʧҲûǿȣշֻҪµ򣬲ͷ
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Ľ΢ЦҲ̫˰ɣΪŮѣУȻԺôŰǻơ
Լϣ˫ȲԼϣнСԳ˵Ҳǳõˡ
áԳǰùЧáԭܿĴȲҪǿӰĴӦøЩܿСģ桰á
ںüʽ˫ƨɵӣֽСɢƵĸšܿζߴٵЩٿЩ
Ľɵ׮һײײܿеģСɵӱĴƵһһģǾգǴ̼Сĵư
Ϲٵòã߸ţڵ߶
ܿؽеˬˡˬҪˡ
Ľɸ͵ؽţ飬ɵܿ֫סҪƿţᱻɵõȥ
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ʱ̵ܿŶŶúö࣬ţ̰ҺӽϴƮҡһ˿˿ݵء
ĽҲоԼеѣҪһĺܡ
һ˲䣬Լһ仰š
ԵŮõͣ͵߽ô
Ľ꣬ĴмżţżмУӰӡԼĴ
Ľ§ܿϢ֫ٺ޴ˬ۾룬ԼǮȢܿͿʱ⵱ɵĺˡ



17 ݻ¼

ܿؼң˵ȥ塣صңͼ죬ĸ˵ĽɽϳģӦ˯һ
Ľ϶ݿ˯ĸ罫յº˯úҪǱܵܽѣ˯
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Ľ͵һƴ⣬᷿ķ𣬻ڷһͷţԺӶպ졣Уվˣֹּ˺ߵ˽Ȼ
Ľɼ嵽⣬˶żһ¶⣬شſڡʣ泯Ŵֹӣһڹĸ޽ǰӾæ衣ָŹչֱţеЩ
ǳһѲ˵ȳȥʹ˫ڹһͽ˵ڵأеĽɣɡ
Ľɽܵȵʲôˣɶ
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һ״˴ȥѻĽˣԼһǳԿ
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һſϣȾơ尮԰׾ƣʮ֡Ľɲϲӵĸ߶ȾƣΪ忪ģҧȡ
˸ɵ뱭ЩƮȻ
˵ɱطǿˡСӺٻؼҿϰ֡
Ľɽ͵һæúܣæŸϱء
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Ľ˵壬֪ô
һ±һڡпֻҪܿ飬ϺӣǾ´󼪡
Ľɱʾ壬Ҳʧġ
ȴ̸һȥʣ˵סɡֻʽ
Ľһ˯£غõƣ̵ܿ



18 ƺѰ

Ľɴžƺ⣬ÿܿš
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ǰӱ̼֧㶰̵ģ۾زȥǻƵĿ칥ɵܿŤΣ˫ʱֱʱѾٵúøߣֻһһʣ纣ϵĲˣʤա
ɲʮӣĵһ߳١
ϢһֽܿŻؿմͳ
ܿٴαȼ˵ӲýģߴУʹӭգҲʹӲ嵽Ҳܳܡ
ĽɽӳЪʱܿץסٶ֡
Ů˵ļ黻ư硢֮šĽó汾£ôǵ󣬲嵽ܿˬܿĽҪѿŮ˷Ҳ˵ġ·ʤĽɻܿԲ
ܿ£Ľɼк飬üּģٲ嶯ţƵ磬ܿҲŤߣеϹ䰡䡣

侫ɡ
źϵĺ촽¼Ĵ̼ͷ
ܿ˵УУ̫ˡ
ڹؼʱ̣ĽɰγӣûзӦѾزϿգ׼ȷز
ܿ󾪣ŭ˵Ťʾ顣
Ľɹ˲࣬˵ţˬϵֱŴ촭Ŵˬʱʵһ̡
ĽɳŰ±˵ȥ
ܿһίίޡڴ£ȥһһ
Ľɿ˴֡԰꣬ɹΣûڽ˵̾ǺõĿͷԺҸȻࡣ
˯֮ǰܿȥϸԹڡĽ§öֺãܿɫƽ
Ľ˵ҪһǧǮ㻨
ܿǷ˵ҲҪԼǮ˯ɣ㻹ûسϰء
һ߰ɡ
ˣһ¶ٻȥ
Ľе㲻⣬˵ʲôȵĺţ˯ȥʵأҵģǬ
ĽɱոСŮĺӣֻö֮⡣̸̸ӡ
Ľ𿻣ܿ˯㡣·µأǽϵľաһӣ롣һ뿪һܿ֡
һһ鵥ϱлеȻһĵʲô뿴ϸܿں֣ĽɣĽɣ𣿡
ĽɸϽӷŻԭ¶񱳣תӣҺûʲô
Ľװ£Ͻȥڿϡܿ΢ЦҲȥˣһ·˳硣
⻰һů磬еơ
˯죬ҷ磬˫¶Ʈ㡣
Ľɽ§ڻ˵˯ɡǵðʲô¶һҪҰҿϹ
ܿһ΢Ц
ĽסС죬ӣöٹ񫣬ϧ



19 Ұ

Ľͳȥûѩÿһķɣīֹˮһλ˶ԶΪãԼһᡣ
صʡǣϰ࣬ţλʽȻСҷ׷ףأĽҲоƮƮȻΪԼһ߷塣
˽¹ϲ˵ܰγ棬ȫѩΪѩļͨ˾ܲõŮ
Ľɴ󾪣ͻȻΪʲôطô׷ѩˡѩ˳⣬Ϊǿ󱳾룬ҪطȢѩж仯أ
Ľɱ绰лѩط㻰кᣬһįˡ
Ƽӻʣʮʱݣ߾仩Ȼ٣治쵼ôġ
·߹üһӣĽɵʱĿϬޡָĽɵıӣ۾˵ֵģ㲻õɪһ㱨ġ
ĽںЦðҪˣ㵽ұɡ˫쿪չ߷״Ƥ·ߣȭȣ˵ҲŹģһҪޣѪµ
طȰĽ˵㲻ҪٸɡǼһǷ蹷ҧ˵ġ
ĽɱͷӰ£޺һЦ˵ô򹷡
תۼ£ӰѧÿŻһμҡѧУҺԶĽ룬ѩӦͬѧصѧУӦöԼ̬ȺܲɣҲá
¾գһƽӣûʲôر֡ĽԺÿλʹ顣һɫӣ̹ġ
賿컹ûӰһƷ紵ķ䣬ѣС󹰣ѡ
Ľæˣ˵Ӱ֡
Ӱϰ䣬˵ղΣμ㱻ˡǹû۾ͱӣŸѪڣҧöڣѪˡ
Ľɺ־룬˵ظרŴģĸҶңҾʹϡá˵ɣ÷֪Сˡ
Ӱ˵ɲ¶Ⱳȫָˡ
ĽȻ˵Ӱӣһúûţġ
Ӱǰմգ˵áҪĻ
Ľһƿɫ˵Ӱˣȥ˯ɡ
ӰڴϣصᣬʵĽɣһ䣬㵽װң
Ľɺĳ˵Ӱ˵һٰʮˣֻܿһˡֻãһӶǡ
Ӱؿ´˵ĽɣҺ㡣ưȥ
ĽıӰоʹ޿κΡ£նĸãԺܶ鷳
ϣӰȦţ±ϰ֣֮֡ǰӰ߽Ľɣ˵һǾҪҵúĽɣһҪСĵ㡣
Ľһ˵èģо㾡ɷġӰʱһͷģ͸Ű͵ǡ
Ľ뵽ĸ
һ絽ûʲô¶°ʱҲ֪˭ͷ˵췢ʣ鳤ҪѧǸ鳤͸аɡӦ
Ľɰһ˵ҽǡȻʱٸҽӷɡҺȻкá
طʦ֣ͬȥطû֣ȥ˵лɡ⼸ȷʵлɣиﺸ¯֣Գ֣ûõ纸ÿϰ˵㿪ʼɣռðĹʱ䡣
ĽȥԼȻؼҸͷ
÷ںòˣ֣鲻һڣطһһ۾˵ǵȼҺóƷˣҹȥǩЭӣǵĺӵˡ
ʦҪɴʦˡǵʱˡŶʦȾƾͱɻȥˡǹ¯ҲҪ
֣⣬˵ȥСʱͲˡ
ʦҪʱҴ绰Ľ¥ȥ
ķңЦտĽɳΪ£ĴʳӿʹԼһ
ط״̬ѣ٣һƿơƾʹߵ࣬ҪߡĽСᡣҼȣ˶ɢ
صҵʱѾŵࡣʦڣֻɳϡ϶ȥɻˡ
طص䣬ͷ˯Σμܿźأһ绰δˡ
˭ô绰
ʦ֣ɻ
ʦ˼𣿻ڿң
Ҹ绰Ҿʹ㰮㲻Ļһ˸ɵҲɡ绰Ҷϡ
ط治ȥ˯Ũ¼ǸΡʦɽæĲ̣ȥɡ
ž·ϣеơ̧ͷգƣôôڣûһǣûһҪꡣ
һͷȫȺһȵ졣
߽ӵĴţӳĴӼںȾءһˣŰӣɫ֪Ϊʲôֱһڣһϣϡ
ĽҲû룬ΪǾδɵġ
ʦأ
ſ죬촽û˵䷽ָָ
Ľɽ·ƵĹȥ߽Сţ󳵼ڶģȺζ̱ͦӵġ
ĽֻͲҵբ䡣ųţբ״̬Ľ˳բǰһƬǽϡϵĵƶ
һ³䣬纸ȥ纸ĸڣһӡмţ纸ĵġſڳʲôûֻͲһΣƺһˡ
гգҫ۵ĵ£ȷʵһˡǰһȻ֣Ľһ
ֻ֣Ϻںڵģ˫ָۡҲǺںڵģ˵ĺۼַ֣ϣġű£ûظûôˣֱ³Īʦôܣǵ֢״
ǿ򶨣еһΣ̷ֶſڵǽ߶ˣĸ´촥ˡղԼĺբٶԱһʦ֢״Żˡ϶ʦڽӵߣԼðȻϵբʦˡ
ʶԼ˴ɲصı磬ʹͨ£ޣԴֱĵء˵ʦϿޣ޵˺ѷΣذ޵²ѡ
һӰֵͲſںĽɣ޶Ÿ߽ĽĻȥһ
ĽɱϲȼţСӣ˵Ҫġ벻һô졣
ԤغõĵɫֱӶĽɵĺģһȥ߶ҵ߹ǣҾҪһһ
һ壬ĽʹΪƾԣв³岻ӦְһǸʹѾⶼɢ
̯£Ҫεġ㲻Ҫѧȥηѧɡ
ĽɾѣӣѴ̵Ѫע°һᣬѪܵļ⵶ͱ
ҪȢܿûǸȢɡСӣˣҲˣֱܿɰɡ
֣ܿϢٵĽɣȻһ͵֣ץסͱļ⵶Ŀâֳּ⵶㡭˵ʲô
⣬ҪѵƽҲŰѵͱȴס˲ãĽɽץŵӣ·оʹҲһ£Ŀеĺ⡢Ѫܵףֻŵĵѡ
ҡҡ㡭ô
ſ־壬ĽɾסѪ֣ԼĲӣŵֱʧæпԱϣһĸֹܣ򵨱ֱӳȫĽɵСȣݺȥ

ĽɲҺأһֱӱۣƸˣŸֹܼһˣֱֱĽ۶ϵСȲ£ʹУһ²崩⣬ڵϡ
ʰϵѪֱһĽɱӴ׺ʹԹҲ֪ΪʲôǲҶ֡
ĽɣŰεɣ
һѪȾܣҰ˵ɱãɱ˵õĲһһ鷳ģҲǲɱǣ
ĽʹԣþȫεϵĸֹܣûüͷƵ
ɱˣɱˣĽɱˡţҲĽ
Ľʱеһ־޴Ŀ־壬ٶʲôҪģҪǵҪ
Ŵеƹ⣬ֿʦʬ塣ȻʹҲµ֪ɱ˵ĺģģʦչ֣Ҫεġô죿ô죿ô죿
ףȡУҲҪΣҲҪΡ뵽ΣΪ˳Цķˣ뵽ǰ;٣뵽ⱲӶҪ군һֱ³·
ܣܵԶԶģܣܵ
ҳһֻ࣬ͷԽԽ죬Լûжʱˡ
վȾۣ۵ֱ죬ҺߡֻʹһȳһյߡΪ˸ٶȣȱģһĵ⡣
վ⣬¿һţĽɱˣšԺҹƮ
ĽɵӰ֪жȥȭȴֻܷŭغһ

һѪѪ߰ߣѽһƨڽ²ҳ
Ľû׷ȥһһߵſڣͷų䣬һıߣ˵ʦҶԲ㣬ܸˡ¿ͷտԶо
ĲɵһȫŲԼֿͷȣӳţͶããҹɫ֮С





ܾûдˣ˸ʵ⣬һؼǣȻдĶԼ˵Ĺ£дôޣûиоɻʱӲƭԼ
ϲдϷ˿޿֮ǰС崺ɫ裬д£ҿͦˬģܶೡϷҺ㡣
Сиȱ㣬Ǿ鲻Уʱ˵ĸŮͺãͲ̫ҪˣźǣͷҲϳ˻¬
û£Ǿ鲻Ǿͽĳţһץ²֣һµĹ°ɣ
ǣⲿ顣
㶼㲻ˣ
һǣһ̵ֻۻһʼΪת঵㣬ʼڰ˫޼ƷߣӦһЩȴû
˵СŮԼǳҿ˶СŮߣ⣬ǾãΪɶҲ־ƽǡƷд㿴ģ
Ϊ˾գ˽飬ǴʼдȽϽգһǾã̵治оͲ㣬ԣһʵʵƽҪǴҾõһƽǸһΣôڶɣ
ڵĳƫƽ죬ͷһˬδҾ鲻ˣϲɫģΪɫĵĶߣЩģԸΪ˺ͷĶϲˣ΢һĲߡ
أҲΪ˵ݲһװ͵Ŀȱڵʱ̫ãȻϸǱȻģ棬һһΪ̳Ĺߣʵںͷʹ
ǾԼɣ
ӣȥɣҲǵһˡ
꣬Ϊɣҿ˰װͣڣҳﴴ飬ֻһС磬ϣںͷɳΪһѷڰﲼĳ
ĵĸλҲϣܸᣬĻһһΪĿ꣬Կ޿ٶȣҪѣƷȳҾͲÿºˡ
޿ĿǰҵҪݹϣҶֵ֧֣飬лл



02



01 ܿ

ĽɴһӳţһҧʹһŬǰԼһȶˣʵʵأֻһΪһȳһյظ·ټദˣʹݶڵҪѿѿﻹƽյȣ
Լһֻǣδ֪ˡɥ֮Ȯ֪
Ҫڰ˲ɡҹޱҹɫΪ£ǰҹĽɾ·ߣҺײϾԼڵݲܼˡ
ĽɻŲ·ֻܣû뵽Ҫȷ뵽ʱһ̧ͷǰϤСȻʦ֣ļң
СſڣĽԥӡ
ҪҪȥȥ᲻Σգ
󰸣ץң뵽ȥĵطˡҵܣԶΣ֮ء
ͷУתһ룬ΣյĵطȫĵطԼ˵ôһ£·ҲûеǮûǮ粽У
ĽɲԥԪȥÿһʹ࣬ÿһżѡ
¥ÿһ̨׶񴳹ءһȵȺã
ʦſڣصˣš¥ݡǽĽΧƣȷ˺󣬲Կ׿ţһţҪŵƹ⣬һ˫ŮʿЬԴ˵һ
ŶѵӰؼˣǽҪǺôѽϲҵģҸոպ֣һˡ
һ룬ȥĻأҵط˿ڣôܣֻȽԼ𣬵ӰˣӾС
ĽСĵعţһԼһֻЬŵߣӰķԼ䣬Դú
ʦԼķ䣬ʦͽ֮꣬ʦȴԼĽֻҪ뵽ʱ⾰ͷʹ
ûӣĽ֨ѽһ죬һ俪ƺӰҪ㡣һ󻶿ˮӰС㡣
ˮһͣ¡ĳˮ
֮Ӱ߳򿪿ơĽɲ֪ҪʲôĳȥһƣȻڸ¡
Ա澵ӣӰԾաһɵ˯£׵黨ģžһͷһһһ΢ЦġĶ˵Ů飬ˡ
ţ˫붯˯ѵµʱԸŮ
ɫ֡̿㡣ֵԵǰƵһԲһԲӱֱ֮仹¶С⣬׻ģγһǳŨŨĴɫ
Ӱ˫ص²мƣʹУЩ¶ɫı飬ʹԼŮϲӵŮˣܿ϶ҵĴҵ취ԼظЩôҲһֶץס
ôһ룬ӰĿϷհȡ˫оɬ
ֵĴӺγջ±ߵĿôŲ˰ͼէƬƵģϸһ
ò󣬰СƨɰýģӲ񣬼ԿƨɵİɫǺĿ⡣ǴƨӴ⣬¶һ֣Ĺĵģ׵񶹸ץѡ±ߵһֱԲ覡
˲ʵھǰͣһŤһΣһȣĽĸġ
Ӱ˫ַԼϣôõĹﲻҪû޸ţһȢҵġΪҲˡ
⻰ĽɵĶ䣬һʹᡣ
ӰھǰɪֻڷӰᣬʼ˯¡ĽæӵһߣĵǷ˰ɣ
Ӱ˷䣬Ľָȥ͵
ʲôҰְˣôܣӰʧеôڰҹ˾֡
ģẦҰֵġġҲšôɱְ֣ܣİ
ƿİӴĽɵϣһʹķΡ
ĽɴŷƣƹµӰŤŭۣҧ˲
õġϾȥ
ĽɸϽڽԼ䡣һӰֻʳš
ĽһƨڵϣԼҲҼӰˡ
˺þãƽЩĽô򿪵ƣʼԼ˿ںͶȡ
ְҽԼֳԴȤǸСӺȹǣ˿Ϳҩϴʰ죬ָһģϵĵʹϵѪʹ衣
Һãӹ񣬹ḻĴ˾飬Լʹĵã̫۶Ӷˡ
ȥپסĽɴã¶壬岻̫ÿĨҩ˿ڣҺÿһ̫
ĽɰݵġĽٴμ㣬һ㸶ʮĴۡ
Լһ̣Ľšɫֳࡢʹĸ⡣
һҹֱΣǰ;ԶԼת۳Ϊɱ֡Ҫ˵ǰӣôڣԼѾСҪѧ̤ǰƽ֮·ȴͻȻӷҲ̫Ϸˡ
ʦ֣ˣҺģ񼫡Ҹǣһҹ֮䣬ʲôûˣҸô죿Ҹô죿ܸṩȫӣһĹӣ
Ḷ̌Ǻֱԡ
Ϊ֮ƣֻܿæˡѧУиⷿһסҿԵѡδޣҡʱӦ˯ġ磬Ϣһ£ȥ
ͷһ룬ôõʱ᲻ҪͻȻǹָңҲҸǹ˵ӰһҪۻǿզ죿
ԽԽĽɾ뿪⣬ȴû뵽Ҳ̾ߣÿÿ붼ʹࡣÿ¥ﴫŲľģ·ǾӰӰĸо㵽˿Ҫ
һǮĽɴϿ֣ʱ룬ֻػ˵ʱᱩ¶ԼڵλáΪһӷôСġ
ҹɫڻ߳СĽߵٴ˰죬ҵ⳵˵ܿסȻһԡ
ܿȫˡҺû㰡ли㡣
һ·޻⳵˾Ľһ·㷲֪жٴΣԼ϶ϳ¶ˡҺã˾Ҳû˵ʲôôصĿĵء
ܿסĸ³ĽŽǸСԭѧУסģѲϣԼĹ֧°ס
ƣ֮ĽԽԽЩҪȥò׿߽ܿĵԪʱһ۽γ߻ͣſڣƺ²߶Ľ͵ͣ£ΪС·ƹâڳ￴ܿ
ܿӳžµŮʿŰɫ̿㣬¶Űֱۺʹȣ˵ģϲõЦݣഺˡ
˻ӻ֣Цݺ顣ĽɵȻһĵʲô
ѵ𣿳˻Ůˣ
ҪŮģԷġҪеġܿ᲻ᡭ
ɲǼ䣬Ľͷһе



02 ʼ

Ѱ˼ʱϴһŮܿ¡ˣ˼һƬģ˼һĵġ
һŮӼʻ򿪺䣬һϴݸܿ
ܿûӣ˵ҲҪġ
ǸŮһ˵ҪǲҪҿҪˡҿϲء
ǸӽԼϡ
ĽһԼܿˡ
ӿеԼ񲻶ϰ£ûз¹ܿǷ죿ǷԼ
ǸӣԼŵӣΪԼܿ˺ӣԼҪһԼϲԼװ֪
ȥʼûȵܿ˵ԼԽԽţʼܿرǸܣۻѹڸղһЩҺáԼΡʵԼһ
ܿ
һӳϴöһߵĽ
ӳϣһӣ߸ӣ΢ֵģͷ棬ֺŮӣӲܿ˵ģţֲˡ
ŮıųЦˣ˵ѵǵĴүο𣿱ˣ˼ҿģĹ֣֪ͷġѵ㲻𣿡
ЦãӡʲôҪڸǰĻҺһṫİܿߡٺ٣ٸҵʱ䣬ܿҵˡ
ܿһۣ˵ֻҲϲ
Цϲаסܿһ¡
ܿһУŬƿ˵ԱˣעӰ졣
ŮЦǵǿˡʲôûп
ֱסŮģһ˵عƽˣ㲻ٳԴס
ŮЦһǷȭЦһȥܿɡһ˯
ܿ˫ſ΢Цװģҽˣòã
ܿûԹŮ˵ûˡ˿һ£תͷš
ŮĺǺЦ˵ءװŮءʲô̲满
¥ţͷܿҷĴӣ˵̫ϧˣôôأ̣
ŮԱͷӺһ˵˵үµŮ˶ǣǵöﰡܿСḻء˵һŮͱ˸ˡ
е͵һͷ˵˭Ҳûô֪Щ
ŮЦ߰ɣɵվŸʲô㲻ߣߡʻȥ
еһץס֣˵㻹ûشҵء
Ů֣ǺЦţ˵֪𣿺ðٳȥȾƣˡҰĺʷȫ
еһ˵һƯŮѧʲôʷҲҪ棬ǮˬûҪȢţʲôʷ
ŮһźĵЦ۾Źӡ
Űһ[Ŀ˵˲òࡣܿǸ̲满ҴˡŮӲʺ
еĹЦιѵָɾȥǣܸҵġָָ¥ϵĴӡ
ι˵ҲδءҸ˼ˣҴӲҪš¹󣬲˼֪ٿװһӣδƵġ˭ɵӰ̫αˡҾ治߼ȵƷ¶˵ϳȥү
ĽܹүŴĽܹ
ղŵһĻͬĽֻǰһڣιȥ˵ܿܿˣҿˡ
ٴеǲ쵰һйأҪҪ¥ܿأ
ʹĽɻǾʹҲҪѻ˵ô׵طֿһԼ񾭹ԩأѵԼϣЩɶ𣿱ŪˮʯС
ȣһһ¥Ľɼѵܿǰ
˭ܿ
ңĽɡ߷һС
֮ſò绨ܿǰС¶¶С̿㣬
ܿغţȳߣһְʵôˣʲôˣ㡭˵úذ
Ľ̾Ϣһ˵¶ˣһѾؿ¹ˡҪǺͷʲô¶Ҹ˰ɡŲСɳϣͷɥģ˫ֱץͷ
ܿæĽߣ֣ߴٵʲô¶ˣ㵹˵ĿһС
Ľ֣Ὣı署һ飬ܿʧɫһ૵ʦôˣ㡭ͳɱ֣ǾȻ
Ľɲ̫ʵ˵ʲôܿ
ܿҡҡͷ˵û¶ȻˣʹҲûãס°ɡ㿴ˡָ⿪Ľɵ·ܿ˿϶ҩˣһһڣĿġ
ܿҩӡɴˮĽϴ°
ΧתţƮţʮָ˶ţʹĽɵоů˿ڵʹ࣬һ뵽ղ¥µһĻԼе繣ںܲ
ܿɹĽɴ·ûгеĸм⣬أ͸
ôˣĽɡ
ܿղ¥Ůʲôˣеĺʲôϵ
ܿеţʵ㶼𣿡
ĽվܿżҪˡ
Ȼشҡ
ܿһЦ˵һһŮѧУУѣ꼶ߡеͨͬѧʶģ˼Ҷξܾͨѹϵɡ뼸˳Է󿪳ͻ
Ľɲ[۾ЦͨôͨôңϵЩǲǶ͵ģԽ˵ɤԽ
ܿе㱻⸱ˡǴСһ𳤴Ľɴûжô׹ᣬ΢ˡ
δޣôôأǼһеҽĶҡȨƣҲ̫˵滨һһͷء
Ľɺģʵеô¶㻳˺ûйϵ
ܿɴĿĽɣƨŹƨܿԺ󣬴ûкͱ㲻ҪѪˡ
Ľ׷ʵ㻳Ϊʲôأ
ܿؿ˫ָл䡣
˵㲻áҸ¶ʱ䣬ǵȥҾͻˣҺûûӵʱ򣬲ȻһôѧôȥأҲ㣬ϲ
Ľһÿ޵ϡﻩģʮΣһѱ˵ܿԲӣң³çȥô㣬Ϊ̫ںˣʧȥ㡣㲻֪ҶҪڣҳ군ˣʲôʧˣֻʣһ㡣ҪҲңһŻʲô˼أҲȥˤϡ
ܿ§סӣصؿţҲ֪ʲô



03 

ƽĽʵܿôأ
ֱܿӣᣬ˵ѾüˣҲ֪ô졣˵أ
Ľһʹϧ˵Ҫ㲻ѧҲ¶Ǿ;飬һӡҳΪӷûԺӸΣɡҲ䵱סҲôְĸס˵ҲҪѧġδӣ˻ô㰡
ܿԼĶӣ˵ôҶ˺Լĺӵġϵһ⡣أô¶ô죿ܲһֱɣ
ĽɳĬһ˵ˣϱȥϱ߷չãҸɡʱˣˣٷ㡣
ܿ˵ôҶ֧ġ
ĽٶȱסܿпܿáⱲĸ
ܿЦЦ˵ҲˣϢɡ
ǣܿķ䴲̺ñӣȥƹһһƬڣĽˣ鶼ۡ
˯ˡܿþ˯ţķҳһ飬ѽ⿪̯󰸣Լôأ
룬ҹʱĽɷյ˵ܿһ򿪵ƣĽɵɫͬܲң˹£ּ¥ҩЧͷȻ֡
ܿ£Ľɸѵ촽˵ĽɣҽԺɡ
ĽɻδȫͿģȥ϶ץңҪȥҽԺͶҲΡ
ܿſǻ˵յôΣյġ
Ľɱ۾˵ĺˣ׳úܣû¶ġͦһͦ͹ȥˡ
֪ܿƢǿȣֻ˳˼ҩˮҽƳѧĿĿҲأĽɴСܡˣǼҳ㷹ڸԣ˵ľǳḻʱԴó
ֻǣĽˣίʵ̫أʼ˿ڸȾĸգԲѣԽԽֲּȥҽԺһֱԵκӡ
ֽܿţֲҰҽֻ˼٣߲ݣ²չ
ż죬ܿڴߣ뿪ûۣʱ˶˼ȦΪĽˣ֪ԵĸպĽɾȻˡ
Ҫ
ĽʱȻǱξѣ͵ͷ󺹣۷ֱϴſ־壬촽˵ܣģҲġ
ſڴ˯ŵܿѣĴã˻Σƣ۽ӣЩȥæ˶ʵ˵ʲôأ
Ľ˵һΡеˡ
ܿæ˵Ҹ첽ȥ
ܿıӰĽе龰˵ôãôܳأֻΣ档Ůӣȥأи
ĽɴӴ̽߼Ⱥöˣ·ҲôˡϵЩ˿ڣҲûôˡ첲ȣָĽɹи£Ӧòˡ
ɶˣɸղǸøƵġÿһϸڶĿԼġΪǸθԼĺøǡйء
Լػ˯ܿߵ¥¼ط㡣Сֹ
ܿ˵磬һе¡
ط˵Ҳûãô졣ȥסˡҵƫһĵط
Ȼطߣܿ¥ܿ죬һѷӿ䣬Լӻ˯бѣڣͿʮǹڣһǹԼɸӣ
ÿֲһΡ
ˡĸǳԼôأԼʱӵĲţܣ
ųﴫв¹֨֨Ľ¶Ц˵ڸأҶãôܻأҪŵĻϻε𣿻ط㣬ǺøǰҲܰˡղŵֻһΣܵ档
һܿϷˣʹĽɵĶӷܿЦݡĽҲЦˡ
ԷʱĽű˵ܿ˵ҺϰȻĻηտ϶
ܿ촽˵㻹ҪСİȻѾգ廹ǺҪúһʱյġ
Ľɴڳţ˵ҪʱԵĻԸԶʱʱȻЩҿ㣬һ𡣡
ܿ˵ȥǻزȥˣǿ۽
ĽͰǼڷпʲôֹ͵ñץΡһΣⱲȫˡ
ܿʵҲɱˡңʦ㺦𣿡
Ľɷ¿ӣʵҪҺģ᲻ᱨأǰղŵĶΣһĻĻôУ˲ΪΣʵ
ܿ΢Цһ崿ӣ˵ôأûĻҽôϴѧأȻʵǲġߵﶼǾ졣
Ľϱ˵Ӧôأһ·ѡɡ
ܿĵ˵ˣ˵ĻܲһΪȥ׺á
Ľˣֱðû˵ʲôֱܿ
ܿ극ʼʰӣ˵Ұ¥Ϊҩʱ򣬿ǽͨаϵľԶˣ쵽ءһھ˵ҪĹؿڣվվг⳵˾ȥֵ࣬ΪĶץ㡣˵ܵõ𣿡
ĽֱðҲףҪΣ㻹㻹Ը޸һε𣿡
ܿ˵ϣ˵ʲôأϣ䷢Ļҿ˵𣿡
Ľôͷһʹ֮ɫ
ʱܿĵ绰ĽС޸Ǯˡ
ܿ绰˿Ľɣ˵ٰллҵ⼸첻ûȥѧѧУˡŶȾư·ΣܺʲôƣǸɡʲô˯ģȥ˯ɡ
˵ߣܿЦЦô𣬵Ľܾд⡣
Ľɼˣúİⲻ̫Լʶܿɴˣ뵽죬Ǹܿķвǿҡ뵽ǸԼе뵽ǸԼĶΣһŭȻʹ޿̡
ԼѾܿĻˣĺԼģǴ˿ģ᲻˵أ
᲻ҵθƭأﺢҵһǣΣȥһϰͿϸ֦޸ǮˣԹٻˡ
Ҳ̫˰ɣЩܰͣЩ·Ьӣܰ׸ûѵܿ͡ʵˡ
Ľ޿̣šһĥʹɫࡣ
ܿµ绰ĽɵɫƣʵĽɣôˣֲ𣿡
Ľֱ˵˵ܿ㻹𣿡
⻰ʹܿеĪιдһʡûش



04 Ȫˮϴ

ܿĽʵĽɣʲô˼
ĽɶĿ˵ܿҸоѾٰҡһʡ
ܿȻһЦ޹Ӳӣ˵Ľɣ˵ʲôǶЩˡͬޣһĺӡ⻰һĵġ
Ľɹִ˵ܿҪ׿˵Ҫж֤
ܿḧ˵˵Ǿ仰ܼ򵥵ģҿ˵һ˵жʲôж
ĽָָԼĿɣ˵Ҫ򡣡
ֱܿҡͷ˵Ľɣ㲻ҪǿҡҶ˵һٰʮˣϲ⡣ζһµġü磬ʾС
Ľɴϻزҿֵͦġһΰɡ
ܿ˵Ҳ룬ĽɣҪǰңͱҸɲɵ¶
Ľɵ۾˵ˣͲҡС¶
ܿͷһļ˵ǲûҪΪҲǲ㣬Ҳûӡ
Ľɼˣ϶ȷʵˣ˫ȥ·ܿʹ˫ŤһҪƽʱʮܿҲ붯ĽһָͷĽôһȻƷܿϺϵ˿ѼѪѪϵ·ҲѪʪ
ܿһ˵Ľɣ㿴ţֳѪˡҸ
ĽɲΪ˵ѪͳѪɡ鶼ûˣʹѪǸÿĺȥ
ܿһʱ˵ˣˣҸǡ
Ľˣһ
ָܿ£Ľѵ£ֻɳϡϵĶദ˿ڶѪ졣ܿٴóֹѪٶĽɸܵůеֹܿûбأûԲҵأ
¶ø¶ˡ
Ľѵؿһ˿ңԭʼˣɳϣܿ
ܿһ⣬״̬Ǧôڿ£ѽԼڵĴϵһ
Ľ¶Ц⣬֮࣬ɳƣܿ԰
ܿ¶⣬ӣסŪ
Ľɸָᣬߺһֻһ鹵ǰʹĶ뿪ؿڣǱְ⣬¶󲿷֣鹵ɱӰˡ
ܿŪ˫ĲнضĽɴ񫡣
еڸ±ߵ
ܿһôͱˡ
Ľɿ̫ˣҵһ¶ʹˡѶˣøġ
ܿһۣѵ÷ŵһߡҲǱ˻ûжֻܿиڣôԲСû׸⣬֫ôϸͿӲ֡
ĽɿûܿԸ֣ǱɴϵģֻͷɴɼʸбȫֻܿŪ֦ͷϵƻͣ鹵Ľͷȥ
һ߿ţһܿķĽɺӿӴ֣ϣõȤ
˫סܿӣĽץţ֣ܸܵ뵯ԡѧãҲô涼񫡣
һŪܿϢˣ˫Ŀˮһˮ飬ظƺҲűˡ
Ľɽָ鹵ĥ䣬ĥֱܿŤӣӷ
򰡣ɶأж֤㰮Ұ
ܿƵĽ֣ӽӽζüͷ壬˵ĽɣǱˣζôüûϴˣô򰡣ǵðѷ³ɡ
ĽɿɲѼٷɵܿͷ˵͸оˡ
ܿԶһıģվ˵ϴϴɡȥɡ
ĽǸģ˷ѱʱˡͷɾͲˡ
ܿҡͷ粦˹ģһļϡ
Ľ룬а취ˣȥϴ̫鷳
ܿ²ˮϴ𣿡
ĽָָĿ£˵ʲôˮԴȪˮġ
ܿʹ֣˵ǿɲɡһ˵զ죿Ҳ˵ҵͷⰡ
Ľɽ͵װɾˡϣôһ׸ɾͳˡ˺ǵСġ
ܿ˵ҲáʹϴҲģû򡣡
ĽɴߴٵɣҪīˣȿһ¡Ѱɡ¶ͷ飬һЩ
ܿ¶̿㡢ڿ㣬÷źá
ĽɿܿȸˮۡǸ޵СѨǶȿһ̷죬δš
ĽɶɳϣṲ̊ɳϣ˹ססӶ׼ѨڣΣսͷΣΡ
סܿƨɣĽһͦСѨýǴ󵶲СʣܿѽһУߵĽɣŪӰ
ĽɲΣЦԼɡַȥ
ܿ˵ļƨһһ£ӣˬĽֱ
Ȼôôůôˮֻǲÿ޷ȫ롣
Ūʮ£ܿоˬĽѣԼ٣̽ȫ룬ÿһ¶СѨһһϵģһ죬еĽֱУˬˬ
ܿŤƨɵģ˵ˬˣ󼦰ҪҸ崩ˣ嵽ɡ
Ӻ߿ɼһŮѧİƨм䣬һںĴӣƨÿʱ¶ˮܵģϴúøɾƨ£ӱ̵ˣۼջٿؽﻹһС
Ľʵôˣ
ܿ˺ߵļëҵƨۡĽ˴ЦȤ
ֻܿ䴺⣬㷢裬һסһƮ磬ֻӸƵģ綶ţַ·еƻ˵˵˴۸ƨװҶƨӿʮ㡣
ĽԼҲ֣е㱯ˡ⣺ҪˣܿܺһȻᶨģҳһɱ˷
ڸ߳ǰֳܿĽ˹Ŀ࿴
ܿһеļðһȥͽܲˣͷˡһֽеҪļͷŽȥǲŽءⱲӶеˡ
һϰʮ£ܿйˡСѨһؽ͵ؼѹӣĽɵţ̼Һ֮࣬左סˡ
ܿʧȥͷһĽɵϣ۾Ҫ˯
Ľܿƨɣ˵ˣһûأ㻹ûء
ܿߺ˵򲻶ˣûˡ㻹Լɡ
ĽɼˣԼ˵ҿҪӲϹˡ
ܿĽɽɳϣٽֻǹ׼ֻǹСѨȪˮһϴӣɾӤͷ󣬶ֻۡ޹ǶµŮûвġ
ĽɵİӣܿҴţ˵찡˲ˡ
ܿŤͷ˵ҪˣҲˡ
ոɹŮϣĺƣĿߣ΢΢ӿƻӣĸ˻ûȤ
ĽɵĿӹȤŨǿнӲֱܿʹϲ˳



05 ڼɫ

ĽǺˣֳӡܿֻƵͷǿͦ
Ľ˵㲻˵óж
ܿᣬ¶һ㣬ĽɵĿ£ִſ촽룬һ£·һĵĽɰһУ嶼һ
ܿĿĽɵڹͷɨ⹵̽ൽˬĽŶŶ˫ָ㷢佱ðϴεļǿ̫ˣôɵģǰպصСӵ˵ʲôɣҿɿˡ
ܿ΢Ц֪ϲصعۿ¼񣬿˼ôЩŮ˺öģôҪ¶ɵ
ĽЦǲǲҪǽзˡ㣬֪㷲´򼦰Ҳȱúáɣóеı£֤Ұҡ
һͷԼӡ
ܿӺ׽ƵһźΣɬϲһ̶ֹӣһְ˵
ĽɸоϷɣĵʼ˷С۾[ϵͷһһͣ㷢ţֻӲţɷˡ
޵ؽţĽȫƨ̲סһһܿ
ĽɻܿͷţҧôԼ۽磬ܿмˡ
ôˣܿǵش¼ѧûڱϸʵĿأֲԼôܳ־ּɣ
ֽܿȥ沣򡣻మһֲߣӣƤʱסͷʱ¶ͷۼðˮ
ĽȫҪͷȴһƬ˵ֻӱǼ䷢
ֽܿͷ׽ͷ趯ڵɦڸϻⴥе񾭣ĽɺһᣬһоԼҪˣ̲סվܿĺ촽ͷѨһͲ缲磬ͻһſ˷ܵͨ죬е¡
ܿǶҪѣɰѲãԷͷأһҵس£һɹɵؾҺˮһܿС졣úö࣬ܿ춼ռˣ
ĽɷҰһĺУ֮󣬰γӣһЩҺ촽¡һĲӷ㶣ɵȥ˵ⶫ󲹡㲻һֱ˵𣿡
ܿ̽ʣĺͷһһġһ죬Һʳճճģ೤˿
Ľɼˣ쳣񫣬ԸУ˼١
ܿվǲһѣȦ˵ҾԼŮȻ΢
״ĽЩԺˣæܿ§ڻ˵ϲӣûŮ˱ˡȻˣֻܵһ˵ĵͼŮ˭㣬ҴĹȣѵ̫ࡣ˵úܰԵ
ܿղŵķθľҺζϷ̲סԣ³æ졣
תܿȥĽɲ࿴СƨϽ⣬һһ
ܿ첻ʰԼĽɳ̣˼
ղŵĻԼȷʵ泩ֻǣ뵽˵˽УĽɿĿڽ뵽Ǹٵķеɵġ
Ͻеôģ᲻ҲڱϽйأǰûô˽йĺü᲻ڱ˵ļùǲͨʵнĳɼأ
ﺢҵʲô֤أһ᲻һˣˣҪˣΪ񣬼겻һ㲻أ
һܿ¡˯£ְԼڸʵͷãϴøɾľҺˣָֻһ
Ľɳ˿δ壬Ͽã䣬һڴϡĽֵһ̳飬һڣһڵģãȻȻ
ܿụ̈ôˣѧҸأ
ĽɿЦ˵ķ̽ˣܿ᲻أ
ܿۻ˵˵ˡ˭ûߡ˵ˣҸĴӣǻһ𳤴ĺֵܣôẦأ
Ľ룬᲻ΪĳĿĳңþץأ
ܿ촽˵㰡ǲĸԾˣܻ𳵡ͷûա
Ḷ̌˵񾭹ɡ§ӵŵܰ˵ҪһܳȥԶǸöð
뵽ԼΪɱ˷뵽ҪΣ뵽Լһгأе
ܿýģĽɵҪҽȥˣô죿
̧ܿͷĿ˵һᾭ㣬һʱǵĺӺܴˣҺһȥ㣬ְ֡Ȼǽ飬һҸӡı鴿棬ϤǸӡ߽ͯ﷢
Ľ̲סӯǿŲõ˵ҶϣӣҸӡڣѾˡ
ܿ۾˵ֻҪǰ棬һнпܡңұ㣬ǰһ޴ûʲôԵġ
Ľ죬Цú˺ЩҾͿߡҲ̫ãġסߺ㾡ңʲô¶ûѧֺˣһɡ䵽ִҶףģܿҵˣҰ㡣˵̲סˮ¡
ܿûޣеŻˣ˵ĽɣģһӶġǲĵġңǲܡԶҪһ𡣡˵Ļþò뿪
Ľһ˵СʱҾ;ʺϵǣ質úãʲôʲôһ뿪㡣þûҳˣ쳪һɡ
ܿ΢Цŵͷ룬ֻں㡷ԭȣȻѷɫᣬżɳƣ鱥ˣĽɵµˮ
Ҳſ鳪ţôһ죬˵ҪȥһʧԼãã˺㣬뿪㣬ңҲܸеһ˿˿⡣
ܿ裬ٿĽɣϴ棬Ͳ޳ˣŮһ
ܿ죬һһ˵Ұ㣬ĽɡûܰǷֿ
ǸϵˮĽɴΪж§£ýģһ϶˵ûԲҵ¶ҲٻʹеĻҲѡԭ¡ǵģǾ޴ġҲػ
ҸˣˡѾ䲻ˡ



06 Դ

ĽҪߵǰһ죬Ȼ仯벻ġ
ϣĽɱѣܿӰ򣬸Ѱ֣ܿǲˡ
Ľϴ¡ʱ՝Сܰû߶Ī뵽ǸΣȻҪͷ¥ơ
һƣܿ¥һ˵еĳһģһڶ¥Իط㣬۾ɫƣڸʲôıơ
뵽εĽβĽɾʱƣӴһ죬̸Щʲô
ܿģ˵磬Ҫ˵ߡ
طһ˵µ񣬲ҲɡҪߵ㡣Ҫ֪Щ¶ܷŹңܷŹ𣿡
ܿһɥ˵Ǽҡд鰡ôɣǲ̫ûˣ
طҧʲôĲĵģ֣ܵ϶ҿһֵܷϣˣ֪ѩȻ˵ѩ棬ôãˡ˵ҲɼڿûлͷѾˣһ·ߵװɡֻҪһȥҾͿԳͷʲôٻûУأ԰Լ޵ˣˡЦ
ܿɫȴһ¥ϳ򣬵СɲǺöԸġҪ֪ߵһУɱǡ
طͷǵǡҪҰн˹ƣô׽֣ô尡˹ԣ󻼡ȻǶ
ܿ磬һе¡
طѹ˵Ҳûãô졣ȥסˡҵƫһĵطˣԥˡ
ܿ˵磬Ҳ¥ˣطиڡ¡ϾҪﷹˡˡȥɣɲð졣ý¥ţԼСȥ
ЩĽɶ䣬׺䶥ٴλԼĸй٣ǲǳأ˵ݸݴһ̫ˣҲ̫ʹ
طܿȻң
ֻǳݺ
ǻʦҰıζô˵ҵ˲ֻһط㣿ҵĺѣҵĺøǡ
ôôʲô磿ʲôֵܣ绹𣿻ܿҲŹġ
Ľ鼤ҪһѪġľ֮࣬ӿĿڵģֻ񱩵ķŭʹ
ܿصʱĽˮ׶ֱʱоתܣĽһץסǯסһΣʹܿг
ĽɣŪʹˣ
ܿһִӶͳֻҪȡ
ĽɺٺһЦֻˤϣķѡ
ܿε˵㡢ʲô֪ˣҲǴҪģǸҸɵġ
Ľ۾⣬˵˵ʺϵԱûģ̫Ϸˡ
̧ܿһֻ֣ŵɸ˵Ľɣ㣬ŹҰɡҲˡ
ĽЦҪҵûôסھܿƵڴϣ˫סĲӡ
ܿ֫ѣ۾ܿ춼ףϳ־塢ɫ
ŭĽɣһ˲䣬뵽ͯʱںӱӾץ㣬뵽ʱǵԼᡢǣ뵽˴һ۰ɵ£ǿżӲɷſ֡
ܿŴ󴭼˹¶м֮ɫ˵Ľɣ㻹ҵġ֪ˡ
ĽղõĶԻٴ˫ð˫ӣ˺·ٲʲôƲơ
֨һɫȹΪ롣֨һȥΪϡһ£ֻӱһڿѿ׻Ѩ֡
ܿĽɣϻˣŸգּˡ
ĽɽˤϣޣЩ·ɣСӣٸһ춼û⡣˵ûҴñӣžһһ⣬ʱ㷢Ҳɢˡ
ܿʹԼŵ塣ӷ͵Ĺԣ硣
ĽĿתţ㣬˵λơ
ܿӣ˵Ҷ˵ٱˣôأȷʵûиɹԲ飬ѵϣҸɹ𣿡
Ľ粻ûȷ٣ﵹϣ˵滰
ܿſǻĽɣûƭ㡣Ҫƭ㣬úŶܰɣҸȥˡܲˡ
Ľ뵽ǵݺ˵ĳͻȻþһɨ˵壬һ뵽Լ뿪Ҫ˲٣ʵڲġ
һŮˣŪҲ֮ǰúúһñֻЬ
Ľѵ·ϴվʵһӣ򼦰͡
ܿ߶¹£ͷֱ죬˫˵ƨץŪĦ
ĽɵͷߴӣСֻĶ裬һץһʹţʹֱܿС
ĽɣŪˡ
ĽָӡСͷ
죬Сӡڲҵˣҵū򼦰͡
˫ץܿһ¼ͣһᣬӿһֱ̬ĿС
£Ҫ㡣
ܿҷԹƽɣֿȡ
Ľſȥһǹ̵ף̵ܿѽһС
Ľɲ;ظţСѨĽʪȷʵܸ˴޿С
ĽʱܿͷãٲҰʲôӡ֪ҪŭпٰԼŪ
һܿѵĽɣҶкӣɱԼıˡ
ĽһԥŽɣƨɣҴӺ߲㡣
ܿƨ߸ߡֿɼ䣬ջСѨۣж˶ͬʱţջСѨź˵⣬˵ߡ
ĽɽǹܿСѨظţײƨžžֱ죬Ϊ񫡣⻹㣬˫ƨһ´ţܿУƨɶˣۡļУ˴ûôֱ
ֻƨɣȫŰ۵ֱܿµֱģá
ĽɣˣĥˣҪˡ
Ľɲڡ
ĽɣյϣŹһΰɡҲˡ
Ľ˵㻹֪ǵأҵʱôûأҸղûҪѾʴȡ
ܿľջմСѨˮ꣬ĽչĿռ䣬һָȻ
ܿһ֣ŤͷĽɣʲô֮ס
ĽɺٺЦȫ۶ҵġʲô͸ʲô
湻СѨ󣬽ջͱȥСС⣬ýȥ
ܿŤƨɣĽɣˣﰡҪҵ
ĽɺȵҶܸɣҲһܸɡĨЩˮھջϣô룬һ½հţѪ˿
ܿҽеʹˡ
Ľɺߵֲɱͦͦ͹ȥˡӺݲ嵽סŶأСѨͦиͷء
Ľɲ[۾һĺôȻظջƨɵֱӿ
ܿУ޴ߵģǿ֣࣬Ҳָ롣
Ľͷһθ¶Ϊʣо͸СѨȷǲͬһ˿˿ѪӾջֽ
ȣݲó־սҪԼһʱ͸ɼʮ£˽ȥ
γ֮󣬾ջΪһԲ׻ľҺðţر
ʱĽɶԱһܿ˵СӣԺ޸˭㶼ҵġһҵң˵ʹ㣬֡ﳤȥ
ӺһȺǹĻĽɵӰأֻܿһڡ
ܿؿţҷİ·Ҫλ¶Ƥ࣬ĺ죬ϵϣûõطǰ¶򣬱鲼ӡۡ
Щ챾񾭱ȷ˲ں󣬳һէݲйļˣһ̲סĿϾ۽İеĸ뾯˿ÿˮҪʳǸʩгʹޡ
Ϊ׵ľѹһɤӣǶԼŮʻ
Ľأ
ղˡ鶯ż򣬼ϱ켸
ʲôϵ
ҵѡܿһסͷѰһĶ˵Сšץסһݳһ顣
˵Ĺܸߣ𣿡
ԣС䣬һҲ򲻹Ȼ˵ˣΪģһɣ£ֻƻһԲӱ¶Ƶصɪ£װͷƺҲˡ
ܿһæץµס򾯹١
էֲӣٳԲж֪¸߶ȣŮ˵顣
һնӡܵˣþòϢ



07 ԰͵

ĽӳԶͣСʱšҺÿ죬ִ֣˶˭ϳ
֮࣬左ոܿɵķڣһЩϵ˿ڶŪѣȫ־ܳж
ĽӣʡǶΪӵϷȫЩȵôȥվһһԭǮȫܿܣղʱǮ
ûǮôȥվû취ͽ߰ɣ˳
վԶԶ½ĳվŷʽζеãмԲϣĵĴӣءûȽӽأſվż죬ԽվÿͰ棬ֳͨ
ĽɴǰбһͨϱԼƬ
Ľɵļֹͣɫһ䣬ҽվæȥ
ֱվͬƵû취Ͻɣٹ۲һ±ĳվϣ
ʡǵĳվ߱飬ƣߵ̫бҲûһϣ
ȥأְȫܴ˵ĵطȥӰҷߡǱи԰ȽƧԼȲٿǽȥ
ڵɲʮңп֪βĽɶûȫãǸȳӣжѻ
ߵ԰ſʱϦ¡Ľֶ˫ȿҪˡ̤ʵһЩ
԰λƫƧޡǰˣ˸ˡ˵һСʧһʱ벻ɱ˵겻ɢץŵǲԸǰÿʱ򣬻˼
Ľʱ򣬾ǰû񲻸ãҪľЧ
٣ʩ羰һ㲻ɽͤȡɻСš֡ƺݵһӦȫ
ĽǰΣӰһͬġÿӰ˸߲ҵģĽˣͬ£˵ԸͰԶ԰ʱĽЦɵЦաڻ䣬·¶
ĽɹȽţվںĺҶһ使޵ĺɻӰӰ޳Լ鹵ˣĵˡ
յĹԼгϢԱΪɱ˷ΪɥȮΪʱҪεķӣԼ˭˭ˣԼƽ
ʦôõˣ˵ˣҺּطҪݺɣôȥ飿
̧ͷ죬д찡Ϲ۾ΪʲôôѣôأʦôõˣҲ
ֱиƨðȻôƽҪǻлᣬԺ͵˺ˡ˭ңŪϢط㣬ҲкӹġֻҪһţǾ͵ٰɣ
뵽ˣĽɹЦôôôѸǰӡȸŵߡ
ĽŭǶңҪɱǡһСʯӣ׼еһֻȸһȸӦ䣬ʬ帡ˮ棬ˮƮ
ŭԼĽɺӲؽмܱģϡʱҲоóԶ
ĽĿһɨֺ߿һǰ䣬߸ߵģͷСȥƿӣȫǷֽƿӡϴһСƿϣ˻ϲ
˭֪ûʱ忸סġô죿ô죿
ҿľͤżţˣôǳ԰ɡ
ͤʯϣĽСڣȻڳԣûȹ񫣬ˡ
ȥ䷭ŪҵƻСɡ
Ľɴϲ̵ͣٲܻ᲻˽Ӳ
Ա㣬ںϴϴ뵽Լؤһˣ䵽ĶԣܾܿԼȻˡһſˮγ΢С
Ľɲᣬ죬ĬĬοԼͣΪĸΪδķһ죬Ľɻӥһϸ죬е˶
ɫ̫ɽϼգӳúˮһͨ졣סأҪ˯ǸµĲݳò߲׵ģõá
ʱĽŵһ飬һͶ㵽һűֵ󣬰۲춯
ˣһϴڹЦݣһɵڴֵģ¶ߵĸ첲ڵģֲֺڣеȭ̩ɭη
ⲻʲô͸һܹط㣬ԼסûҶ֣һΪ糤ʦϴͷոĸķӣԼ׽
̵ģһϵʲô׼û¶
ͤ£ȤĿ羰˵
ź˵㿴ǺɻöðɱҹܻĹÿˡ
òͷһӣȵԼΪл˵ƨͷš
ٺһЦ˵㼱ɶʱ仹أ˯ǡ
˵˵ɣҿͷҪöϴ֪Һǵһˡ
ӷϣĿת磬˵ϴѱпչ㰡ڲӹ𣿡
һͿ࣬˵⻰ס
Ц磬㵱ɵأǷʲô¶ǻ᲻֪ڲƴ˲ˣϴܵˣӳΪԲھ찵ץϴأͽ𲻵Ͱ˵ӰɵĻ¶ȫڶϴϡ군ˡ
ɫһ䣬ʵôʲô֪أ
ԵõЦţ˵ܡ֪ϴʲôط
羯˵ɶ⣿Ǯ𣿻ͱϴһ
˵ֻ֪ܲϴĲ֮
ͷҡ˹Ƶģ˵ô֪Ҫ֪ˣӻ߱ҾͿԷˡ
磬׷ʵ˵˵
۾˵Ҳ֪ô˵أ
ͷ㲻֪ܺãܺá
վ˵ûб¶ˡ
̩ɽ˵㼱ʲôȥ˯𣿡
գһ˵Ϲ˵ɶأ
ЦǺվ˵Ҫߣ߰ɡ˵Ҫ֪Լűֵ˯ˣô
ŵû겻壬Ӻͳһѵӡ
Ц˵ôģɱҸ㣬ֻҪʲô¶ǵˣϵ£֪ܵġǰ棬˯ɩôǵƣǸѵţڹļ򣬳ȥ
е˵ǡûԷ
ͣסӣ绷һΧ˵ڡҰèҹܻᡯ
ɣ˵ôأǵĵ̡˵Ұèˮڰ
͵ʲôˮڣҰèǶϴĶ̡
ĺ˵ϢĶģ
شСƺ˵ģǶϴš
ĬΣſܡ
һ㶣׷ȥתۼ䣬԰ָֻղŵƽ



08 

ʲôϴҰèҹܻᡭȵȣⶼʲô⣿
ĽɾÿƣһмֵĶûУ˷ʱ䡣ڻһʱ䣬ٹһȦ
⹫԰֣ͷţǹ԰һ֡
Ǳ߸ַ߲ͬ羰ʩȫУǱֻһһһŻ̳ռߵһǰɱСǸǰɻǸеɺ֪˭ȡô֡
ĽţǱ߸ǰߵ˿żϻôƵĻ
ںɢŲĳκŲô峺ĺˮ˵Сӵפ
һ뵽ԼıˣԼʹ࣬Լȳȣ·ʱƵģͻȻĳ嶯
ҪǾʹҲѡ뵽Լĳط㻹ڣջͷ˵ôҵñȻġ
źߣӵͷԼĺһСӰȥԽ̵ϱڣȫΧϡڰϿʲôֻɫͨľţϵŵľͷһӣԻԧ쵺
Ľߵڣ֣¶Ц˵Ҫǽ֮ǰҺܿǡأѵȽϺʡ
ȥϳһʯʯͷʣʲôûСǲƺ̺ơΧܲľ˸ߵö࣬ȻΧǽӵˮֻоˮӰȭͷĿ϶ûС
Ľȴ룬˯ҲͦӦǱߵӺܰɣֻǲ֪˯һ᲻Ūȫ̡뵽̣Ȼ뵽ñӣ˳뵽ܿһʹ
˴Ȼ֣˭ã˭˯ûʲôϵˡ
Ľڵϵ̲ϣ۾ˮŨŨ˯⣬Ҫ˯ƣϴĽŲŮЦһԽԽԽԽȻϵ
Ľܾӣڽܣ˵ģô£԰ôء˭˺Σɶ
ֳһһŮ֣וеװ㣬۾˹ģ룬ϿһƤ
ٿŮģñӣ״ñװСһһסŽ׵ȹ¶磬ɽȹڼţȹƮƮϢźī۾ӡ촽ʱϼͦȡ촽΢ţʱЦ鼫ѡ
͵Ľɣһⲻйһ֮ԵĴѩ𣿷ɳڣӵ֮
ܿǶңŮûһöߣ
е˭أĪѣǸæҵʧļһ
ʱôƫƧ԰ӣʲô
ǱΣЪɣѩöȡ
šӦһ
߹ȥ£°ѩժñȷ磬һͷ£ͬɫٲ
ľ£Ҫ϶᳤ٵġ
š񷢴еĲɡ
ѩĿڵɨ΢ЦĲãҪǺ§ŴӦúɣ
ĬһƵ˵˵ʲôѩ
ѩժ۾¶գֵôľͷҸ˵أʲô
¶ɫ§ѩļ˵Բѩˡ˾ҪǼ̨۸ʲôġ
ѩ촽һԱŲŲӣѵ§֣˵ȻҲĻҪĻȥɡ
Ųٴ§ļ˵ѩҪҰôƴΪǵĽðǮǵӻҸġ
ѩûƿ˵һҵϣûдüţŮҲˣҲҪ˹ģ˰ġ
Ͻ׵ѩûв㡣ֻҵҵʱ;ȫռˡ
ѩһ̾˵Ůǻڲˮήġ
һ˵Һγ֪ŮҪأǹ
ѩ֓ס죬˵ǳ̸ģṤɷ羰
Сֵ㣬дСֽۣ˵ᣬᣬᡣ
ѩ۵˵ʶôãûʲô˵أ
شûа˵ʲôء
˻һڣĽɼЦ˵һеɵŮӶᡣ
Ǳߵѩ˵жƣ
ӰһСµκУһС
ѩŶһĿŹ⣬ϲ˵䰡
սս˵԰԰ϻߺöطٶء
ѩߵٸǼһǸɫǡÿμҪɳˡ
΢Цѩɣĸ˼㲻࿴
ѩĴ֣˵ѧ˵仰ˡҿ˵ϻһﱳҸ㣬С㣬šСĵ㣬ѧ
ڴӦ˵㲻֪ղųĻҲ̵ġ̹Ҳٱأһ֪
ѩĿ˵ҸϽָǶ顣ѧҵǾͽ顣
ѩ¶ɬһ¥ϼӳϣޡεεģ˵ˡ
ҪָѩĿգ˵ϻûָʽ𣿡
һһϻĶæȵأϸϻĻʱԭ㸴ʽѩ飬뿴ӢŻȲȺ繷ķϴӦҰɡ
ѩ繷̲סЦˣ޹䣬˵ϻǹ²֡
վ洺شָʳָˡ
ѩü㰡Ǹɵñϻûĸָ𣿡
æժѩûչָ᲻
ָͷڤ˼룬ָһСָһָò⡣
Ϊ֮ʣѩ׽Ū㲻ϻ绰ϸһ¡ͷ̾
һ˵԰ɲʹ򡣡Ҫֻ
ѩһ˵ˣˣϰɡָĲζ
ֱŵشȥ˵ԺǾδˡҵˡ
ѩߵ˵Ҫ˵˭˻һءҪǶҲãǰûûΣҾͺͱ˺ãһӡ
дʵ˵ģѩӽԺҵˡϻ˵ֻҪŮ˸ˣŮ˾ͻ̤صضѩתƣæס졣
ѩ˵ϻȻҵĺ֣Ʒ̫ˣɱʲôѧ
˵֪ˣѩԺʲôģϻġ
ѩЦˣЦЩ
ǱߵĽɰ̾ðײ˶ˡ



09 ˸ɻ

϶ָѩԺãЦ[[˵Ǹʲô
ͷһӣЦݵ˵ˣ뵽ʲôˡ
ɻУ§סѩ촽һַֻϸ
ѩ⧲ǰҲйȣٺ٣ٵʲôζ䲻ϮܲӦ
Ϊ񫣬󣬺촽㡣뵽ϻָ㣬ûйϱߣһֻ̽ȥ̽µܡ
ѩ󾪣ٿؽƿʲô
ѩǸе㷢УԲСǻû飬ܸ¶ѩӡ
Ȱ˵Щģжٶڻǰ¶á
ѩһ˵ʲôãжŮıеĻӣȻһӱġ˵ˣǰܱ˵õ֮Ͳϧˡ
ҵȵأŴ졣
Ǿл졣ѩ̬һ⻰ͣͬҶ
ѷѩȻһЦõէ޹Ŀһ
ѩϷɡҵ˿ó
Ӱҳһ˿֪롣
ѩ͵׽Բô
еĽһû뵽ԼڸĽ飬λǧСȻϣ˿̻⹫԰׽Բ
˵ã˿Ůѵ۾Ժϵá
ѩ΢Цغãҿʼ㡣
ϻؼ¶óôʩСֻҪóѣѩⱲӶܲ
Ӱͳһ
ѩΪ˸棬Ǽӡ
ʲô˼
֪ܿ˫˫ƺ£
ѩ˵٣쵹Ȥˣ̫߳
Ӳסѩ˫ϵÿӣʵѩ׼𣿡
ѩЦ׼ˣذɡʮͿʼˡ
Ӧʹ죬ûȥأ·δʱѾѵùġֲŪߣżԽżԽ
ʮʱӰһҩ׼£ǶӲǩЩѡ
ϲѽء
ѩ̽⽫ͦѩһ֣ʵʲôⰡСĴָ𣿡
󾽣ҵı
ѩˣϷȣߵɫʲô
ش𣺡ѩ㡣ͷһ˵
ѩţеУУ㲻ôһû׼ءּζ벻һľګŵѻԴ󷢡
˵ѩҰɡ
ѩֿĴ壬ѵǿ飬ҪǿңҾȥ㣬϶Ρ
ýȥҲ˺ĳȹӡ
ѩһڴҪкæСǧС㣬ҲͷģҪ˹ڳȥԺôˣ
ѩһҲԣʱԡ
֣ؿԷˡ
еĽɿУ˵벻һ﷢ͦˡѵҲǸϻ̵֪֪ŮҪ᣿ҪһַӣԸϣǲŽб¶
˹ؼʱ̣ô죿ǳȣ֮
ʲôŮûһöܿôõŮᱳңοˣѩͻŮ˳Ǹ˸ɵġֻЩ⵰ûҲûʸô߹Č¡ѩɰﱻһǿ飬еϧܲȥɣ
ͷһֹͣԼ⣬̫˼顣һ룬Ϊɶԣ䵽³ֲУעӲǹҲΣ̸οطˡطôңҾͱ㡣Ҫ֪⵰ҲԲٸ߹Č£ٵûŮČ¡֪󣬸оΣ
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аһ¶µЦ˫ðǰ̹⡣ʱĽɣǰĽɣһħĻ
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Ҫ˺ʱֻԺһۣȥһֹֻŲӣһֻСһӵݵϣ²֪δĶ˴ֱ죬磬Ҳܿ
Ľѩ˵ѩҪңҪ־͹طǸ쵰ɡŮһҪ˲٣˲٣类Ҳ١ΪǸˣ³ģһȹһõĳҹһӻζһҡ
ѩƽʱɫ¡࣬ƮƮɡ⴩ϴ¡ġ뵽ҪǰԼˣɾͺ¶¾ǺͷԼӡ
Ľѩӣ
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Ľһ˵ǣδɵĴҵɡһδ˳ٸġлٺ١
ѵӣͦǹſ壬оĲὫ˫ϣȻʼɰ˶
ã޻ʮ㣬ĳֻ㡣
ĽŤţ֮˵ʹձץձǹУҲֵáѩˡԺԼĳҹʱֻãûʹࡣ
쳤ͷȥˮŹһţײᡣ
ѩֻһ˫ֱۣסԼ౧֮ʱʱΪӣ󵨡
ѣſڶڲ˸ͣԼաഥ֮ʣϴֲڣЩ硣
ѩһ𣬼ǵö̹δԼǰҪκӣôֲڣûκң벻
лңſУȴֱס죬ֻ˫ԽԽأѩ޷ֻΪزٲΪһﶮϧԼˡ
ſҺòá¶ʲô㡣
Ľӿ죬ĸҴ;Ǵֱǻ꣬ɿڡ
̰غਣֻûһһ˫֡
Ŷ󰡣ͦһֿ϶ղġ
һѩĺӿ죬ŤȻ־ڽ߽⡣
ĽɼŬͷСﶥѩſڣĽ˫ڴһѩۣһ죬ͷȥСͷҧģֱ졣ԭĽɾÿˮóԣ̲סԡ
ѩ˵һڳҿˮأҲϲҡ
ĽɽسţƷɿڵˮѩоԼԽԽȣԽԽ֣ͷԽԽӲʱߺŤøԼĿĥ˵Ĵǹ
ƾֱѩоǶȸղԼʱˡ뵽һҪ룬ʧȥŮ
ȼ£Ľ֡
ѩ̧֮һŴƵӱΡΡģѣԵ£Ȼ֮ͦƣΣʾȺıʡۺɫͷк˲˱
Ľɿ۷ֱˡӣҪ



10 ߳ҹ

Ľ˫ӣ׼ȷ˵סӵײסĻһղ
˫ְţơתࡢӱ仯״аޣѩ缦⣬˿޻в̵ĵԡҲûͷŪɦѩŤߣ촽źϲֹ˵Ūزܰ
һδµŮֵܵŤ˫ŬȻϣмء
Ժ󣬴ȥ̶ֹ̡ӣʹ֮𶯣ͷζ촽ҧΪƽͷͷˮŪʪġ
ѩܲˣϰţߵͣҪˡ
Ľд֣˵ź档Ÿտʼ¶ںء
湻ӣŮĿáСõĵѨʪһƬ
ѩڰΰУУǻûء㲻ǿҰ
Ľɶ±ߣ˫ְãӲ
ѩΣ̧ƨɣؽɹġ
Ľɷֿȣϸ۲һ֮£޲ȥ
ѩ֪ڸʲôĴߣŤֹֻȻ˵ӣ˵ΪֹɣҪôɣҲԭġ
ĽɰЦ˵ķȥ˵ɣҿʵɼҡôĹﲻɣôС²٣в
ǸСͬõ廨һڸ磬ȼ䣬Ů˵ǰģѩʺ죬ѪһĿ绨˵лķҷһȦµķݰΧ΢΢ſˮ㣬ѨʪþӨ͸
ˮ磬ѾջʪջģݲһСָ
Ľɿ̣ƨ̧ߣۿԽԽԽԽÿˮ˵СѨϡ
ѩоģƨ̧ߣ֪Ůߴ˿⣬ΪӣʹŤƨɣſǻĵˣҪҺһӰ
ôһŤСѨҲŶʱʱСջҲһһɵģ·Եͦɾ
ĽܵͷһأԻԵͷһͣȫ飬עɰĹ塣
ѩֱҪҪɵҪը±ߺΪһһˮһһҧͷ̽ȥһһ棬ջŹͷھջһɨԼһëҪƮȥ
ءҪ
ѩɵ͵ɫĿ¼Ƭ֪淨пڽűڽ߻ôܡɽһԣͷ˵ʲô˵Ůֻ֣Щ򵥵İѽѽѽţеҪ
Ľɵ£ѩԼ±߷СѨأɶһָĥջָ֮ͷķֹֽһ£Ūѩ޿̣оʲôҪ̲סһƺߡ
š德ΣСѨһɳˮˬѩֱСƽһδﵽ߳
ĽţȫȥСѨ;ջɾ
ѩˬǺߣ־мֱԼĳҹȻҪڹ԰Ĳݵʧȥǰȫһ
䣬Ľ޿̣øòˡʱ̫ãǸͻȻǿɲˡ
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մˮͷѩƨһͦͷ䡣
Ľٶȼ룬ЩԵ
ѩҪˣ۰˫ۣϱȥ
ĽͷԷĻţתƶԷע±ߵĶĽ룬һϰؼʱ̵ˡ
ѩ֪Ůʧʹ˵ˣˣٸˡŻûأҲʧȥࡣ
Ľýȥйܿľ飬֪۲ʹסѩ죬˫ֲͷǳȳ壬ѩΪΪֹʱͻȻһٴƣֱ嵽
ѩ۵ýһ﷢ҪǱ˶죬֪Ҫгء۽ʳĵˮ
Ľʱֱӳһ˵ĽϴѪȹƬ÷㡣
ĽɿһǱߵ֣˵¶ΰɣ
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Ľͣʱѩеʧ䣬˵ٶˣɣѹˡһΰԺ
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ĽǿŲ˵̫ˬˡУַҪ˼ˡҺԼ֡
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ĽɰЦ˵ҿɲǸѣʹרŸͿֵġ
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ѩſڲϣԲµƨҰڣˮμ⡣
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ſȥ͵ѩɤҪˡ
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ѩɼײ̧ƨɣϽеٸˣҪˣҪˡ
ֻѩ״̹ϣײлεۻң̾Ϊֹ
鴤㺹죬ȸ߾ߵ鵽Ůζͬʱû˿ı߸ССʧС
ⲻĸԸŮ˵йΥԼ־ǿ飬ͷܺưոݣ
Ľɴǹ鴤ʱѩ򣬽еγȥҡҲ뻳С
Ľðγ˵ŮѨ̵ѩֱУƽ״α侫ȣȫ鴤˫ش̼£۷ףϴŰӡ
ҲĽƽˬһΣʤɣĴСҪǻԼĺӣҲط㣬¶Цݡ
֮ĽɼѩȪϢʧɫæһԺ֪Сεȥˡ
Ľ治Ͼ󡣼ԣԸ§Ů˯һҹðڶһֱϧ뿪ʱˡ
ᣬĽɰγӣСѨһԲҺЩѪճģ̲ϡ
Ľ޵⣬ȹƬŶԷ壬ȻͷһЩѪĨİϣ˵ˣˣʱҪǵҺϲơæܰװ
뿪ǰĽ֡ãһЩȹƬϡӣ⿪Ȼ뿪



11 ɹ

ѩӴǰǺڵġڰơա
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ţδڵţʵԼһĵطģǹѾС棬ͷɥ
ѩ⣺ҵıٶߣ֪㣬ûнǸֻ˯ҵĸܣһĶûУôƫƫͺ˺ˣ
оģһͷֻȹ类Ұ˺٣ȱͦ⡭ǿԼ·ϲģû⹫԰ôȥأ
ϸѵȹƬһĲͬʹʰϱߴѪۼѩĺᡭ˵ǾԼĴŮˡ
Ӵ˲ǴŮˣΪپôûˣǸˣҲԼɵȻǸʲô԰׽ԲصĽ飬飬ȴװԼӡ
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䲻ѩǰˣܿеһȣ˫ڰ׷۾ӱֱΣ촽Ƿһׯ£š
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ϰ϶شָָ̨һͷǲ
Ľɲòϰ壬һתӣ˵ˣѿߵǱߣ绰ֱϰ塣
绰ཱུͨţ룬û˽ӣĽ֣˶Ķȥˣ
Ҫµ绰ߴ



12 Ů

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Ľɵɵ绰ֹסǰģһɣ绰ڹ̨ϵĲϣžһ
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ĽĿ˸ϣһõ𣿡
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ĽϾߣλϣƽٴϲ󱯣ٻûʧŽҪٵС
ˮĹϵĶĽòһûֱӿ򹫰֣ǹչ·ҽԺ
ҽԺ󣬿ʼ壬˿ڽ´ȹ¹̶סԺһ£ָ˵ӡ



13 ıɱ¼

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书ˣ첻˿⡣
ϣĽڴϿ˯ڱĴ˯ɾ⡣
Ľ۾úҪǲǻá
ϵƣˣĽɷſһУɶ룬ܿΡ
һΣμһϣһ״ӵĴֵҽߣӸһͷһ˫׶ٵĴ۾Ÿƿӣƽƿûɶ
ҽƿ䷿ţĽɵĴǰҺõƿӣͷѪܣ¶ɱ˵׹⡣Ȼҽ뿪ӵĹĽɿ°ĭһغ

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ĽѵɵÿƿӣΨһ֤
Сֵͷҿţ⡣
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ͷһţĽɾÿЦҡҡͷͷ׳⡣
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ǰ룬ݺԼءˣΪҪԼأΪԼйھ֣طΪǰ;ѩͲֵ֣Լͱӣ
е˵ͨЩԵ̫СվסšĪиĺĻ
ѵʦбǣ
գСҩƿٴγڲʱɫѿСæ
СָǸװҩƿ˵ʾƿо綾
Ľɵһоһʯͷءԭˡ
СĽɣһİƵģʵŴ˵ֱô񣿽̽Ұɣ¶ɫ



14 Ů

ĽЦתͷС֣ô죿ıɱ¼ô
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ĽһʣСֶҲǰʡԼ֮ûӣֻǲס룺˭Ҫҵ
磬ĽתһҽԺߵľ⣬ɼ֡˸
סգƽ¡ǰεγ棬סԼСĽɾΣһԼǷβ
źǶȥ˯˯㣬һζûʲôԭĽͷ벻ס
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ˮǳɫ䣬ǰգ±߼ϥȹ¶һСȡ
ٿ࣬㷢ͷں󣬳ĵĿᣬͿܿӰѩжصķɣҶһٸĳϡŮȱٵ
Ҫ˵ʲô㣬˸ͷ԰Щپ˪䣬㷲
ĽɴӲŮˣλǰеֽûطš
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İѾͷȷʵвʣе֤ݺ֤ʶ㲻ˮֱӹ
Ҳ֪ˡĽɿ̾ⱲӶˡ
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ţˮϸѯϢԴںʱεģĽɰѶ㵽԰˵ˣֻȥѩ£ˮúרעˣƤͳֽ¼̧Ҫߡ
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˶ԸеζԣһٵٴǻģĶԱȣǹû˵ܵס
ֻǣһŮΪҪ޸ͷأͷ׼¶
Ľɷ֣ЩɫĶԼĵʹˡ



15 

Ժ죬岢ûлָ˼⣬ҽѯʡһλ۾ҽ
ҽô죬ҵΪɶò·ܣ˵䶷
ΪɶҪԼȶ֮ҽԺҹǿרȶ֮û£
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Ѷûã֡Աѧְҵȵȣصýʵ
ĽɼˮĶ̣Ϸ¼һ飬ȥϡ̸ɵģֱĽʵ˵԰ѩҹǶԹܣй©С
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Ѷһ֣ĽɽǽԺģعؿɭϡʹĽɵûָǰʵҲӳ
һ¥ȣӣƽһ⵱һšΪʱļҡ
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ְҵȭֵĸվͬż¹Ľؿһʹ߹ǶˣѪȵζǰʹڡ
ˣĽҲδ֣ǵɴӣն粱ӣ֣㣬ȱ۷ףʱҪιȥ
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ʹƳĴĽɱ۾ǯһգѪŴ촭ѵش﷢ɡɿ
Ľһ㣬ʶҪǰһԼҪˡ



16 ϴץ

Ľһɣ绺̱ڵأȺһס֣Ȼʹ
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û˱ˣĽ绥һûб˿
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ĻΪ˵ѵҪ˵ڶ𣿡
ĻһԻԱƲƲ죬СӽĽɷ𣬷ſڵĵط¡Ľʱŷ֣ûб죬ſһ磬˲ܱȵġ
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ûȤĽɻ⣬ʵǸĻʲôˣ𣿡
ߵŸһｻѡһﲻǸԶûءǸɶɣûߵļһʲôѣûٸɡ֪ΪɶǶԼϴĶ֣ϴʹһ٣ǿδ
ĽŶһ˵ϴҿǶ˹ϵ
ЦεͦҺ˴ѣðˡǼ䷿ЩˡһûңҴ硣Ƕ㣬˵
ĵ𾢶ǱһСӣһ磬Ȼڶߵ䣬Ȼߵգɫò԰ףվǶһ
Ľɾ֣æкûӦ첲šมһ
ôˣʲô¶ˣ
棬⡢ôأĸ˵ҥ֪Ӳɡ
Ľҡͷ˵ˣҲûȥ
ڰ˵Ҳˣ˵Ҳ¡ߴϢǶϴ⡭̫ܰ
Ľһϴһ£⣬Ǹϴ
Ҵôܣôᱻץסһڲͽˡ˭ɵģ˭ɵģȻ˵ҳ磬ôܣ֪ɶطģôˡԲҡԲҡҪҸɵģףˡ
˵£ͨһز
ĽˣĴ󺺣Ȼޱӣһ±ô治
ʱ򣬾촵ӣϢʱ䵽Ľæ壬ߣ̻̲
ǲԼйأԼϢˮǣץ߶ϴˣɲ֪֪Ҹɵģû˰ȫ⡣
һ죬ܲãûЦݡһӲɨɾǸɨļһ⡣һϴʱϴŵСϴòһŸ߸ͷϴˮȫ˼ϣ
⻹㣬˯ʱһ׾Сӽȥ˯űӣӹ£ͣĵͦ
صƺ󣬿һͷӰʶðֱߴٶԷһ㡣
ǸСӰţžžžײ
ٺЦģͦģ֡Ŷүͦ⡣
Ľɲϲת˫䲻벻׸ʲô֣иŮˬ뵽ܿ뵽ѩ估˴˼Щ£
ѩù֮ôȥûԹ⣬е㲻ߡ±ߵĶѱɴǹɿˡ
ŶµźĽΡˣ̫ƬɡһƬƬһƬƬȥƮƮ£·ͷף֧顣ۣһƬհףԴҲ޷һʵݡ
ĽֱԴô£βξˣѵνβ⣬ֻԼһԸɶѣβޣԼʲôϣͷҪڼһ



17 

һŷʱһЩ뿪϶תʲô¶
Ľɿ壬ʵɶ¶ôģ
ǣܿͿԼҴˡݿɿϢҪתһᵱ˵ҳûи£۷Ź⡣
Ľɵ⣺ϴҪ֪ҳģһŹңҲ֪ɣ
ʱҰܸ磬ԺǸиͬͬһҵһҪڹߺߣϴܿͿԳȥҲһʱ˭Żҵģĸ
ЦݣЦЦһע⵽ԱĽɵĳĬҪҴ磬㲻𣿸ǡ
ĽɽͣǣǣôҲ֪ô˼˵
ĽɼЦİɣҴͦദġ֪
磬ճ緹ԼϴؿţߺĽɵ֡
Ľһ㶣׻ʲô¶·
˵û¶µĻ㡣
ĽɴӦţ˳ȥزֻǰߣͷ
ãȻںߣµһ¥һǰָָ˵ȥɣ˵㡣ʲôʲô϶ô
ĽɸɣɻƿţֻټķֻһˣһŮˣ½ʶŮˮ
Ľɣϲˣ
ˮŸ輸һɳϣѵõ¶һ˿ЦݣʹĽɺ񿴵һɽⶳ
Ц΢С˾ޣĶǣˮֻ磬Ŀ
ĽͦģŮ˾ôԼ
Ľɣû뵽ҰɣɣЩһ
ˮһָ˵ĽɳϣЩ룬Ů١
ŮɫװƷǰ׳¶һκ¡ǰں죬עĿ±һڳ㣬ѰȲһ˫ĺƤЬ
ˣҲб仯βʽ׼¡
ˮע⵽ԷĿ⣬˵ôż첻Ͳʶˣ·ЩţǴӵλģûװҪѿԺǼʱ
ĽҡͷǣǣһŮʲô·ÿ
ˮ¶Цݣ˵㵹ͦ˵ġ治ŮôôʵʱҰޣûʲôõģҪֳϡʱ䣬ദˡ
ĽúͿʲô˼
ˮ£˵
ĽɣҪǸ㣬ṩ鱨á䲻ǰ̫ˣԭͷ۵£Ӧж⡣
ΪץģҰèҹܻ᣿Ľɻе㲻š
ѽǸտʼҲţһԵ̬ȳץʱһϰ˶Χһˣ治Ǹˮ΢΢ü
ĽЩͿʲô˶
ˮɴ۾Է϶Щ㷢ȡ
˶ϲܿΪҰ޵˶
ŶĽϲЦˣû뵽ԼľٱȻʵôγϡ
ˮһۣ˵ˡкþˣǶץ䣬һ̫ƻߣʹǶ˿աֻңҲңж˶Ҫã䵽ǿ԰ˡһ򾯷˵Ҫãϣõһչ˵ģ׷Ѿ
лл׼١Ľ͵һ£æҾٱ䣬»ᱣܰɣ֪˵
ס
ˮЦǾԱٱ˰ȫģԷģѾ߻ܣҡҵֱ٣ֻͬãǱܵģ㲻õĻκãҲܺ
ǡ̫ˡ
Ľ˿Ĵʯ˵ء
˫̸䣬ýЩĽɿŵԷԽƷԽŨ泩˼ƮȻ
㲻лңӦõõġûĹ뿪ط
а취ҪΪҷ𣿡ԷĿϬ˵ӡ
ˮͻȸңʦ֣ǰ͵͵оʲôĿ
ᵽʦоĽɾй©κϢֻڶ
ˮ¶֮⣬Ͷˡ֮ĲޡκˣԿľ㡣
ң˶䱻¶бİɣ
ȻҪ¶еڶҽԺɱ˴ĻҪɵ㣬֪Ҫʲô
Ҳо
ú룬пҪɱ˶˭
ǰ˵ġ
ԡҵûпˮɫʦĿǰͷˣһ֤ݶָط㣬ǺϷٱ˵ݺ㣬Ҳ޷֤
Ľһ࣬ʱ٣ʲôҪ֤ݣֺαң
ǷԱʲô飬ȻҪ֤ݣȻѵֻƾƬ֮ʣץİӣ֤ȷʵɱҪɱ㣬Ҷ㡣
ˮһЩڻ˵ʱڿû¾Ͷ룬һ£ʲô͸Աңκõġ
Ľɵͷһģٴлл
ˮȥȥ֮ǰر˵һ䡰Һͷ㡱ĽɿıӰֱ뿪Żع



18 о

ڳϣĽɻصҡ
߽ţĻ˵ĿˢˢĽɻʱְĿܿĽԼãĻ˲ԾҪʲôˡ
ʣʲô𣿡
û¶Һܺá
ʲʲô˵
е£еŷ㶣еŴĲⷢɵеĻԼļ¿ǽ죬Զ֪߶ʲô
ŷʱ򣬴ҷɢڴԺ߶΢紵ϻٿƣԡů͵⣬Ų֪ƮĻ㣬˭ãҪԺζҲ
岻֪Ụ̄Ľһ˵ϣζسһð̣ŲԶĴţ¶ε
һ˸Ϣ
ҴºˣûʲôɵĵˡһҪ̬֤Ҳڼ顣
ĽӵͷʵϴǸʲôˣ
˵ʲôģҲδšˣԼоһ°ɡ¶ݵɫ
ϣĻ̺@ڣָӼСܴɨʰϴţѡС˯
ãĻˣ£Ǹ˲š
СṩʱǹصƵģñģӰżֻĽķݶ
ĽɺĿƣ£ǰߺߴߴʱ򣬽ҹʮһ㣬ʱˬÿˡ
֮󣬶ʮ˵ķ䳹׾ںڰĻ£ﰲȻ˯ʺζζÿ˱µ
ſұߵĽҲ˯ˡѾϰⷿζ䵽زɶ޵ġ
ԸΡ
ĻֻܰӰӰ´µӰʲôһӸڼֻһֱߣһʹʲôֱлǹأ壬һûС
żĽɼſԽԽܣغѣһƬհףƺҪȥүﱨڼҪʧȥʶʱͻȻ˳
һֻۣһĻʲôŵһĽɿˣںһȺ˲ĻһˣĻһ˾վԼԣӣѾԼˡ
ЩĽֽͼվĻеܷŹĽɣŪ
ĻӵһͷһһͷһɽӲӴĽҪϲ
еģĻҸûꡣ߼ţݻӼƣΧһߵ˵ļһֽĻ˵סӣĽɵĶ֮Σ
ĻЩæȭߣʱں˭ϴˡȭѪǲ֣ҪסĻɡ
Ľʱվʹţеţɱˡûϼ䣬ЩһڵأиСһĽɵͷϣһѪʳ
־ٸߣĽһ֣̿⣺ˡ㲻˰
ؼʱֳǼһһţ˾Ȼûתһһڼϣ۵ɫˣͦסץסӲᡣ
һֳȺŪһŹ
ĻָĽ˵㣬㶯֣Ȼûˡ
˽Ľɵӣյͺͻ裬֫ţۿˡ
ͻȻ䣬سеǽģ˭̴
Ǽ˵ĲʧܣԼͷﵽĿģĽһ֫ɿ
켱ˣǰӾȫڵءͷ׵վٿĽɣ̯֫һ۾һѪסѪ߰ߣĿġ
ʹܵĽɸǰ£ҡǣѰ㲻߰˵Ҫиͬͬġôأɡ
˻ߣ˺ѷΣ£˶ζ
ͻȻᣬĻȥĻˣѽһƵģ㵽󣬽е죬Ҫɱңǲܲܰ
ŶĴ˿ĽҽԺûоȡĻ˱ѺȥѶòһ½Ѫô¶
Ľ͵ҽԺҽԺ֯ȣ˹Ǽѹţǵȵȣæһʮ⣬ûʲôɫٿԵ粨ڡ
ҽժ¿֣ͷףͷϵĺˮ˵ƵòǣĽŴϱߡ
ôҽһ˵Ѿ컯ˡҪ24Сʱ֮ڲѣǾˡ
գɫΪ⵵¶ýϱ߻׷εġ
ϣŮѸϵҽԺ
죬ԴһƷ׾ӺСڼʱǷ紵ӯȴʮֽš
ҽԱ;ͬ£ڲĽɣǸӣӢûʲô仯ֻɫ۾
ĽɣĽɣ
ˮȻ޷ӦĿ촽ֻ̾Ϣ
һ¶ϵ㷢ˮȶһ򾯲ʣϵļ𣿡
ϵöˣûϵϡ
ʱĽɵƤ˶ź
ˮ־ϲæͷĽɵ˵Щʲô
ءܿѩ΢߽ͬ
ˮȻ̧ͷߵһﵹǸ֡
Ľͣ˼룬ֿʼ߽
ˮˮΡ
ˮ벻һԼ֣ϼúΣֱ
Ȼô벻Ȼסһ˲ĽɵȻ鴤͵һۣͷ˫ֱֽһڣһ
ˮϷգĴŭܵһ֣ȳһ⣬žһȵɻشϡ
˾һһŮ˵ˣ㻹Ҵ
룬ĽɵƤʼţֽһһĺ
ҽ㵴סǿ˺ܶ࣬ҲˡһѿĲˣ漣ǰδа
ˮ󾽣һĽɣ˵ͷ뿪ͷ˺Ц߳ſʱȴ˵ĸζ



19 

֮ĽɻصϷŷ硣һԺͿǱǽµһȺˣסˡ
ֻĻһ˶˫òɿ
Ļ߰˸˾Ȼû¶һıɱԼ׷
ĻӣǰĹߵСǸŴСУҫ
壬ϴġ㻹ʲô˵ġ
ƨŹƨ岻ˣҲҴ硣һʹ˵ĻѪˣûųȥˣӲʢơ
Ļһţе㶶壬ŻңĻɲǱŴġ˵ûԩ㡣ôã粻ץץսûãͱץˣ㣬ֻ˭ڼụ̀ȥԽλã˭˵ǣ
ģҹӡ㱳ˣַɲ㡣˵ֻҾŪ㡣
ѽ˭˭˭ϴ󡣡
˫ţҩζʮ㣬ۿҪߵСĦȭƣҧгݣʱ蹷һȥ˺ҧ
ЩԹæ㵽Զˣ꼰㣬ʱܱĻսС
Ľɹ죬ûǣҲû˿һۣ·𲻴ڡ
磬һˡĽɽе
ȭͷ۷׹⣬תͷֻǵͷĻ
ĻûĽһۡ
˵ķӦ̫˵ĻӦú£ӦܹӵŶԣʲô
Ļͷˣͦб£ɱ˶ܴܵնùء
һ䣬Ľᣬ˵ԼأЩɣһͷбԼµһƥ֮£ȷʵ治ǡ
ҲֻĻˣҲУ۾㣬ֵ鷳õֱ͸ɵ㣬㱳ü㣡
ݺݵ˵Ļ֮ɫ䣬ȴϷ䡣
壬ưɡڼ飬ϴʲô³ĻᶼûС
˫ͻһۿ⣬˴˵СźͻʱССĽ䣬˽ҳһš
ĽɽѣҪȥ˵ʲôԼûǸͷȥֺ̫׵ֻվŲ
أΧһʮͬʱ죬ͣˡ
ЩҪˣĽ߳ɫΪ׵Ļǿš
Ļɫ࣬գۣɫ԰ף촽ɫĿֱֱضߣҪؿڻΪǸˡ
Ľɰ⣬ǳҸʲôôͻȻôأʲôǺµģ
ôˣǵǳҺüûôҵhˡһº͵
ĽһתһƣԼ߻վһˣƵĴӵһˡ
ʮ꣬˹˹ģų˵˧΢Цţ˲ʶ֪ΪΣ￴
ӱ֣ǰ߼վĽǰߡ
Ļ϶Ц첽Ļү
үһֻ塣
ɫҪѿжѿɥүŲ˫ǦһأüӲŵ˼Ҹǰ
磡Ҳˡ
˫ϥأ治ҳ㰡ҪҸɵģȫ⣬ұҿпĻġ˵˵һ£ҲԣҲһֱš
Ļһŵˣͨһ򵹣ϥǰүϴôܳ㣿˵ˣҲ֪Ķ
ĽɴΪ־壬ͷƤ顣
λǶϴ
ô᳤ӣ
ĽȻͬҪ֪ҳһʲô³ˮ˵Ǹ߶Ȼܣ֪ҵġ
Ľǿ򶨣װɵûˣֻһɺ΢Цкϴӣ
ĻΪҲ֪ϰӵĹϵ֮ǰǼҵĶŮϣǹϵͦõ𣿳˼ҵӣʵһ˰αؽأ
为ֱЦȥϣҵӣܲʱɱǶŮ͵ġ²йذɣ
ĻһϽͷԩûᣬĿƵϡ
壬аҶüˣҲûȵҡ
ϵˮʵ󡢴磬治Ҽ㰡桭лΪҳġ
ҡҡͷǺһ³ģΪҵӵ㶼ţ˭˵ɣĸ˵ңնһ
˵ĿĻɨŵĻ겻塣
ϲæл磬ƳɵվһԵĽɣȥ磬½ĺֵܣĽɣӣҲǸˣҴ㡣
ĽɸŽһ硱ңһ٣΢Цſ´Ŀ罣
ĽɣòãҲһ˲ţҾһֱ룬ʲôġ
ĻĽͷԣԼԼһǿҵĲԤУֻ΢Ц߼绰ҳһпڡ
Ľɣôٱңұץģ
Ľһ巢ͷţ׹ѡ



03



01 ֮

յܲ̿ϴƣԺӣõģϺůĽɾǰڣϷںĶҹ
ڿЦɣҺ׷ǹʣ֪£⻰Ӻ˵𣿡Ľɽرš
ϵĿֱӹЦš
ýͣôˣͷһҪúøл㣡ѾתǸˣͻнʱǺú׽׽ô̸ͣ
Ľɫɷף·ɲǼѪҺɣһƳԹߣһ
ĻһЦЦصһ˫̶۱ˣһԼĿܴ͸Լ壬Ͽӿݵһһ
һĽɵļٴǿСӣУһúñġ˵꣬ȥλƣЩСţĽͶȥ޵һۡ
ŷʱ䵽ˣ½½Լӡ
ĽһߵġҪǿɫվôڲٳϣܰȫһЩ
صᣬʱĸһĽɵҲŸһ¡
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ųصĽŲصԼ˯λã£ҡСˣҹԶ㡣һܲЩݣ˵ѿ¡
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ҵϣԩ㣡ģǸ˭ǸС˻λ˯һ۰ŲǸС
СЦˣүиͣ첽е񽫱ʵ۳ҵӡ
Ľȥʺζأ޹ˡ
̺ñ죬ǿĽһļҪըˮǡԼ䵽زΪУȫġ
ÿһˣ˵ĿǱĵġġ⻹ġ춡ʱԼֻһֻС׸
뵽Լֵܳ³ĽɲëȻ
ÿһ˴߾Ľɱ߾裬˶뺦ԼĻǻˣɱ֡
һһӲһִֻӶһͣŵĽһ񾭶ˡԷҪһԼ͵ʮ˹
Ǽһͳʱһֽ˼ֽ֣Ȼ󶪽Ͱ
ĽɳһеһＸ⡣ö˶˵ģͶʲô֪֪ˣţ
˯Ҳ£ܾɱԼԭĻȺǣڲȻ÷еÿһˡÿ˶Լ
ÿ˯һֻ۾ƫƫԤβٹˡʲôƣôлһĵطϦȫǸ׵ͣǿɶ
ȥĽûмӰӣ˵䱻ߣЭʲôⲢûʹĽɵ񾭵õɳڣΪĳ޸󣬲׶ĥȭƣʱὫŪ
һڿ־塢ŵУ׷衣ĽɾԼҪ裬ַ붼ĥԼһԽԽ󣬵ﵽʱȻըĿǰҪǷܽΣϵ
һʵ̲סĽĸ˵Ҫˮĵȴ˼׼ټ㻹һ
ּ尾죬Ľ˼ȦزŹҡ
һţǰȻһĽΪߴطˡ
һŮ˱ŰŴ⣬һӰ
һСӣһ׵ȹӣ˿ģֹȹߵ°ڱǰߵĳһЩɼȳԲ
Ů˵ĳ٣첲⣬ôϸ߸ЬôߡɢԵĹԡ
Ľһһʱ˵
Ůתˮŵױ촽ҪЦţ϶㵹ƫƫģĿ⣬Ƕѣһ¹ӡ
㼱ʲô˵ɡǴκ͹ģᱣÿһ޹ˡˮ¹⻬첲ز΢¡¶ø࣬˳ֱ
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зϣˮ˼üʱʱɣǻţŤţ߸Ьнؿ죬ز΢΢ţȹһһģֻ֡Ǳе㲻ƣӦϲõġ
ĽɵĿڽɨţǿȶԷתʱǽĿӡ˵ŮٺСǿ
һˮͣǰһƮƢƮƮ
Ľɵ㻹ûңô¶
һڲ˻ҾҪ֮Էˮŭʹϧһ˫⡣
Ů˲ףպһΣҵӡе˶֪Ҹܣ䡣˵Ժôߴأڿ˵Ҫַ빫ҵİȫϲˣĽе㼤
ˮĿڶԷϴת𼤶Ҳû뵽ֲᷢ¶˵Ǿܵġһȥ᳹µģһĽ
Ľɶ˵Ҳ˭йܵģҲ¶ǣðŪߣŪĿ߼Ժȥ֮ҰȫС
ˮһҡͷСִԱְȨȨı˽
ĽɲȻŭô˵ĻǾûʲô̸ˡ
ˮĬ룬ٴοڣ˵úãԤı
Ҫұİȫֻһ취㵱ҵ˰ɡ
Ľɴ󾪣ʲôˣʲô˼
ˮЦЦ
ܼ򵥣ҵԵףӶһһ跨׳еܡ㲻֪䲻Ǽ򵥵һڰͷӡ˾ʡﶼܺ𡣾ӪĿܶ࣬һףһףúϷڸǷǷύܶȨͨ졣ץ䣬֤ȫ˵֤ݲ㡣죬ֻЩͷƲûŻ
군ˣĽɵס
ˮ¶Цݣĵޣֻһ˲䣬Ҳһ
Ψһ·ǵҵˡȻҲȴ֡ҿᣬܽӽ塣Ƕĸͳɿ鱨ҲԽ̡ôֻǰңҲΪס
Ů˵ϣȻһϣ·͹Ļ
УԲСĽͷҡ˹ġ
ĽɿһЩӰӾ磬֪Եһ㶼ûк³˽վӣⲻˡ
ˮĿһУȱæžܾҲǰģĺô
ʲôôĽûʡ
ˮһᱣ֤İȫתƵĿһչļˡһ԰̵Ĺ
Ľٴι۲Է绨˵ģȻĶ
ܱ֤ҵİȫղŲ˵ְȨ𣿡
ˮһЦְȨôã㵱ҵ񣬾ڵˣչԼˣҵְȨ
ĽɵĿڶԷתˮüͷص㣬Ѿ飬ɷˣ㲻׼Һ˼롣һ㲻ġĿ罣˵
ĽջĿ⣬ĳ۵ת룬Ҳ뵱Եףءйһ£Ů˲ֵΡ
ˮһȰȱæžܾڵΨһ·£ȥúÿһ£ٻشҡ
һƮŮſڣͷ˵ҵĺϢˡ߳ȥ
Ľһ˵ӲŲԵţֲɵӡҪҵԿǡŮ˸һζ˴ˬġ
ǣԵףԺӸô
һ뵽ԼڼĴĽ¥ȥ



02 ս

ĽҪͷ۵ļʱ߸Ь󣬷һ¶ˮͽޣ欣¡һһ͵غš֮䣬·΢Ѫš
ĽɻλٸΪת
ˮûŶվһֱһţŵɫȣȰԲ硣ȥָҲһġ
㷢һ࣬ͷţѵõĴһ˿Ц⣬¡һƴ硣ͻȻˮӯӯѹӡ
ĽδԻ󣬷߾裬⣺ŮʲôѵҪʩչ˼ƣ
㻹ʲô˵򶨡
ˮЦӹһ¶ͷµһ㷢һϸ΢Ķз飬ıȻ෴
Ľĵָ壬ҲŲһס
ˮĺתһת˵ղҪ¥ʱͻȻһЩ¶Ҳ֪òø㡣Щ¶޹أǸءԥһһǾ㡣ͬⲻͬ⵱ҵˣϾǰѡҰЩ˵ҲԵ㡣
ķ¶
ǹ˵ģ˵ġ֪㰮ҪǲҾͲ˵ˣߡ
ĽɵûɵһһĶʱóġ죬ʹֵ֪ϰزסԺˡһֱڵǵĽ
һͷĽ̾Ϣ˵ɡ
ˮſվߡ
˵ɡ˵ġ
£һϡˮһ׶Զľ룬ƺΪȫ룬ԷеͿ
˵֮ǰҪ˼׼ǰޱӡˮɫģº͡
Ǵˣûʲôܲ˵ġĽɹЦݿϣʾֹۡ
Щգ˲ٵطΪ¶صؿļˡˡ˵ܿɡ
Ľɾһʹ˵ˣȻһжѹȥȻԼ˵һпԷ£޹أһ֣ܿǲûиоǼƤӡ
μУ԰ֱȡùھֲμһѡøμһڱݵսĿҲɱܿҲǹھ벻ŮôвŻ
Сϸ質òҲܻϷ˵ɣĽﲻζܿǺܻϷȻôԼƭøɵƵġ
ܿĳͱݶΪʲôѡϲЩ
ŮˣӦñҸ˽ԭ򡣡
ˮͷԼȣƽϵĸ߸Ь̾Ϣˡû취ġ룬ⲻӰܿķչġڵ̬ƣ϶һǰ;۹ⰡһδĴǵŮѡ
ǰŮѡֻйȥҡ
Ľɵͷøˣ˫ץͷˮдת촽ţ̲סˣﲻסؽţôôôôң
ҲøЩЩ¶˺̫󡣡ˮ˵ӣ̾Ϣ
û£ûµġѾϰ߱˺ˡ˵ɡ
סԺһ˶ҽԺţ֮ôҾͲ֪ˣûȥʹȡȥúչ˼ˡ
õ˵ϢĽԶȻǿҪ֪Ӱ뵽ʦĲʲڣ˻ȥ
ڣĽɵƽЩлл㡣ҳȥʱѾһͷӡʲôˡ
ˮ̧°ͣιĽɣǲ˰ӦĴϣӦúҺúø죬ϵϵؼ̣Ϊ幫ܶȥͼžۣһҵ
Ľ˵һѻص㣬ĿġҹԹԵشӦˣΪ
͹룬޹ء
ܰңһᾡҪ󡣡ˮأ͸ż롣
ðɡ⣬ɵԷŲȥֳ˵ȥ
ˮͬܵڵȹһһ䣬һһеջ
ʲôŮһģĿɱˡ
˵ҵҪΪ˱ʾĳ⣬㲻ӦȸҵͷĽɹЦḡˣˣλŮ
㲻Ҫ˵˵ϴε¶ûء
ʲôϴε¶Ľеͷԡ
ϴαǰһʱһ£ѵǵˣ
ˮϼƽֽޣһ뵽¶Ҿݺһ١Ҿ㣬ô˵𣿡
ʹԴĽҲ벻Լ׹Ǻ޵촽ϣġ
ʵûӡˡ
ˮǣҲġ֮û㱨Ϊȫ֡Ҫй壬Ӵֳҿˡˡ㲻ܵôߡǼ٣ʲô³ûУһڴˣҲٺϻȥ룬統ҵ˰ɡǲǵѡһĺϢġ
һۣ첽ȥ߸ЬĽӿ죬Ťúûȿ˲ʧſڣֻʣԽԽСЬ
Ľɳ¿ڿˮģʲôĹ壬Ҹզһ¶С̫Ŀɶˡǣһ죬ҪȹӸɷ㡣ƶбŽĹ壡



03 Ƶ

صᣬػؿຣȻñ񾭹ӡһ仰ĽɾԼ
ÿԷϴ·ϲ˯κ¶ǻһŽģ˭ţκһˡҲ˭Ǻˣ˭ǻˣÿ˶ǴԼļ⵶
ԭԼĿɽҲõѳΪĵˣʲôоǰ꣬˲⣬˿ֲ
ԼûĻǰһˣֱһȺӡԼʧȥԤ֪ԼΣÿһÿһ붼Լڡ
Ҫôţһʹ֮ʿݣ
һҹһСӾĽɸǰⱾǺƽһ¶ȴĽﲨܾСҪԼǴ˼ҽȥ˼ҳһСʱʱ䣬˯˼ҳȥ󣬲ŸҺ۾
̫࣬˯þ·ֱΣһײǽϣײðǣǰڣԵ
Ļ˼ˣЦЦЦҲЦˣЦһᣬֱҪѷǹĿǵÿعֱţǱ졣
ڴ¶ΪЦĽΪСʱʼûЦֻԹۣ粻û˵ʲô֪ôġ
Ľÿ춼ô尾ţν꣬ԼҪͦסҪһʱ뵽Ե׵¶־ҡ
һ˵ô಻ԵعţԵˣôܹһ㡣Ե׾Եףʹպ³ܲңԺ¶ҹǰɡһ죬һ죬һ죬һ죬ǿô
һԣУԲУԲܸǸǵūšһ̤´˼ҵǹãֹ챻Сˡ㲻һӲˣʲô˼
һ㣬ͷоѷʤԴҪըˣʼò⣬ôججػӣֻԼ̣תУѣµӡ
ʱ룬Ҫǲʦ׮ԼСС䲻ܹ˵ӣҲɡġܱ˲ˣӺõöࡣ
࣬СҸɵáȻֻҪţüȥ
죬ַһ¶ԼһӰ졣
󣬴ҶϢеţе߶еںСеڼӵĻĵƹ£ÿ˱յ
ʱҸг裬Ԥȹ׼˯ʱˡȴûôɣǽĿǱߵĽɣװѰ˼ôѾ˯áȻۣҲܸоԶ̶׹⡣
ٴʱĽŵһ飬Ͻÿ񾭶
岻֪ʱվԼλǰӵۡ
ǽͺӵԴڵƹִĿ˷ЦĽЦΪԷ̶۾ŹɱǼ򵥵׹ˡ
磬ɶĽվ
㣬Ҵ籨𡣡ۣ˫ȭյùؽڸֱ죬һֻҪ˵ĺܡ
Ҷ˵ٱˣû¶Ľɺһһѹ˿ʯͷ˵©ƫҹꡣ嶼Ūңһл·
ɺᾫУһʱĶԭշepubУtxtӭᣡhttps://about.me/hulishe
ٿĻǣյǰ֣һֻӡǵЦݣױֳڰһ档
ȵĽɣ˵ľ͹ͷڹ꣡
ĽɵȻͷڹꡣڹϣɱ˴ҲܱƲҲҪúңӡ
ȣСĽɸվ档
תߵڵĿͷţطʺϴܣɡҪǰҴſ£ǰ¶ٲ׷
ĽһĿЦ
ҪǴǰԼ彡״̬ʱδûпܡڣ˲ֶ֮ձ;˫ĥ壿Σ
ˣְɡ
򲻹Ҳøԣһӭеơ
ãҾϲӲӡ
һȣ廬ǰֻʱȭʱƣĽǰ֮׼֮ǿ̾
ĽɳӦԣܣץ󣬿⣬ʵǶ֮ѣмҷ緶
ˣͻȻ֣ͣΪ˫ȭͬʱһԷС
Թ߰һΪ±СΪкܿ죬˷ʤ
ĻԽеǻСҲźУһ߹һһ˸߹һˡ
ĽɷӦҲ죬˲һȭ߹ǡ𿴿ͷ죬һֵסȭͷһźĽɵĶӡ
ĽҲ㣬£㲻ʱӱ߸ţһʹĽɰһŶ˺üкúȡ
˸ȲʣЦĽ֡
ĽʹһɲƢѪҺм˵ɣɣڴʹȥҲûʲôãʤ͵
񣬵۾Ľǰ˵ĵڶܼС
һԾ˫ȭءСƵȭͷܴ󣬹ƴϵùǶϽۡ
Ľ͵һ˫һƣĸϣƵ˲棬̲סãСӣù򡣡ٶȳ򶷡
˻սһȭŽӣݡ
ĻЩԹս䣬ʱＸ䣬Ľɷɣй
Ľɾͳ֮ټϲʱ񣬱Уϰ֪˶£Һûд󰭡
ܰᣬôãӲȡĽʵ죬ֻҪԸ⣬ϴξԼţֻˣﻹʲôս
ȭֻϰ֪ôġ
򵽺˴ˣҲٹʲôˡĽͷѪʧӢèۣѪӳªѿ
˻ץͷ߶ӣڵϷվŤﻹмңͷСå֪ࡣ
УĽɳԿ϶࣬һȳΪ׸Ӱսķӡ㡣ץͷʱԼ۵죬˼岻¡ǴͷָץסһץģпտգĽȭԴõĴԴ졣ֽС
˫ذʱ蹷ʱĻǲʼįѡʱˡ
ֵ֮ʱĽɺƵģ໥ץŸ첲֧ƹϼһ
Ľע⵽ĻһСܣĿӣı
ҲĻĵÿӣĽɵĺġ
ҪǸϣ֪
ǧһ֮ʣ֮ʱһĽɣĽƫʱҲ͵һ壬˴˲ԼͬĶ˫˫һ
˲վӼͬذһֳֿӵͣǰбӣˤſϡ
˼ϬһȭԳ֡
ĽһȭĻСܵϣѽһһأѪ
۰
һȭ򵹵ϣţߵСشŹҰɣҲˡ
ȥģҪɱ˲ûˡȭߣͻĽɰѶյĲȫйһϡ
ݣĻĿӣĻš
үɱҡĻһ߲ҽУһġ
ҾҪĹЦ
ת֮䣬Ļ̵øɸһ֪ۡ۵ĻɱĽѪΪڵҹڵ϶ദѪģĿġ
̵ʱзִ磬̵ֻѪԹɫ䡣
ĻСԮһʹֻйĵķݶ
ĽͣʱǸСڵֱߺߣ
Ļýвֱȥͣ֡
ʱس龰ʧɫæȥƣѴߴȥʡ



04 ж

û죬֡˱ŻԻʹ˴˵Ĺϵָ
磬ǴܣĻÿңΪɶң
̶¶Цݣеշ
ȸңֻѼҪңΪҪң
Ľһ㶣ЦˡҲЦˣЦбģرʹ졣
֮Ľеĵ
ΪҴ¶ͦ㣬޲ɱ㡣ǣֵܡҿԴ㣬ɱ㣬ԲôɡǺڵϵˣֵ忴ء˵һС۾
Ľͷ
ΪʲôңҲˡĽɵͷУʱȻռϷ磬ҲףΪɶûҵȣѵҵˣ
˵֣ҲСôܻȱݣ
Ϊɶأ
ɣֵܣţҪǹĺúɲֳ֮ΣıСˡ
һ⻰ĽɲеƨŹƨ
զƨˣ˫̯ţһ޹ӡ
ǵһδܵʱȣ
ԣԣߵġ
ӴЦЦֱԡ
ϵָ֮󣬶˿ʼ֣δϴ
ǷĻӰǸϮСҲˣһˣɫɸè־塣
ĽһѾʵΪʲôҪɱҺ磿˵˵Ļһͷɹͷ
СȫţûϵĻҸɵġ
Ļ˭ָʹģĽ˫ð𣬼ҪС
Сܿɥ˵ү治֪
ЦųСܣĿɨš
ҲĻӣȫ۶
С˫ϥһͨһ£ͷүүһСɡ治֪Ļ˭֧ʹġҪ֪ĸҲ˵
ģĻ󵱹Ū̫ˡһ˫̶׹䣬ϵݹĹģر¡
Сһͷͷˡ
߼ţӳûУĿ˵ϰƨϴɾүźˣүһˣ˵һ
СлÇfġЩеıٰڣͱͱ죬ͱƨɣ˲
ôôҲ㲻ɵˡ
һЩȫʵˣǶʱкõˣ㷲±㿪Ŀ⣬һͻȻѡ
ĻҽԺ֮ЩСȺףٲֺ̣öˡھĴү˵һûٸս˵Ȩ
ڵˣĽɽΪݣû׷ҲʾԺΪǰ¶һʹԼôСۣû֮ԺҾֵܣһˡ
ⷬ˵úɣ屡죬Щ˸мΪӢۺúˡǺþܿ۱ж顣
ȵ鹵ľǸϮСܡСܾ˵ĥɵҹƨɸף۵ֱѽϲ
ȻŹɵƨɻۣҴһ飬һ飬Сûõط
үˣˣٸɾûˡСһţһ߰ţһֻҪС
ȥġÿӴҵʱûһûٷƨߵ㣬үһûء
УЩŵѻȸƨҷһΣΪֵԼˡ
ĽûͬȺãĶûֹΪСӦãӦΪԼΪۡ
ɵô⣬ĽҲɣҲƷζȫˣûŮˡԼɵŮҪѩڸǰáǰϻżˮٻӰ
ҵԵףΪԹûšҿǣҪһ£úһΡѹһÿĽСܿһʺǸԳơҲʱ㻹᲻ҽ壿
ˮ±߰ѿӶߣˮɵ̬ʵתˣҺûοϰߡ
Ľɰ¾ģ´ټʱֱҪ̸Ҳڸˡ
Ļ¼˵ļһķʽͬСĺóģȡ֣˯ڿ˳۵ģǿɲʹøɰ巣ȭġе˿ɺޣ˯ר˿ܡһȶ⡣еķȥţžζ
ʾ壬һһ˵衣׼·˴˭Զйˣ󣬻ɾ
ԴˣĽü磬ǲеˣ
˵ֵܣǺ¶ǶЩˣ㲻̫ܰˡ㡣ֻʺŻ
Ľ˼Լò⻰ȷкĳɷ֡
жþãֱЩһﳹ׳ΪСˣһ䡣ЩǵˣһȣΪ񡣱˶Ȩʰǡ
Լĵλȹ̣ͳȨٲвЦݡ
֮󣬶һ뽻Ҳһ˼ײ
ãʵƲңûҵǡ
Ľɸʲôһֹ˵㿴ǣΪǶǺڵϵˡ֪Ҳˣ
Щûٸȱ°ɣĽԷſ˵ѹգС͵СձѣЩ㶼ˣˣĸǿ顣
ЦⶼС¶¶ҲɹûҲˣҲԡ
ԣĽЦԣԵǻ
˭ֻǸˣԣҲ⡣ûڵϻ˽ˣֻǴӱġȫǵĻ¶Ǹɹĺ¶ֻ֪мᣬ߻켸֪꣬զ¶
һûЦΪԼš
ĽƵ˵ȻһͨգԺûʲô⿴ҳףɾҳ֮ǰҸĸңʲôУǲܽᡣһᣬⱲӶǺڵģϴסһ˼Ҳָʬ˵ˡ
峤̾һһĹ¼źͱˡԴʹϥϡһһĺӣʱеҪ޵ļƣʹе㲻Լ۾ſ˾塣
̧ͷʱỨ
˶ˣһüͥأҪһô᣿
۾ŴͣԵ÷ǳ



05 ͥ

ңļͥʲôôڵģ
ԸҾ˵һ˵ѾܾûлЩ¡Ҳһ㲻¡
˼ɫӣʼԼĹ¡
ŲҵͯꡣֱͯӾպʹճΪڵ޷ͷ
Ӽʱʼĸ顣ڶʱʧԼҰСһֱĸ׹ĸһ̵굱ۻԱŮۻԱ塢һɴŰ׳ȹӣĸÿڵĻ˵һȺеС졣
ĸ׻ؼʱص⡢ǿԡÿγԵرġϰûи׵ӡ
봩ʲôʲôҪʲôĸ׶ö⡣
Լҵӱȱ˼ҶáЩͬѧȲϡ
ĵģĸʱһСŻؼңǮóȥٻÿλʱĸһ߰еĴ·һ߼üŪۣԴɷ
ע⵽ϱúǺƵӡĸ۾ˮġȥʱӡΪɶôһˣСף
һΣͬѧĸ׹Ǽ̵꣬ĸҪõǸڵţװ쵼ͬѧ˵Ǹ˾̵ͷͷҲǾ
Ҿ˲߳ţҪΡ
巢Լĸ׵ɫˣա֣ţԼĸ׳ɶϵǲǾǴǳ˵ĸЬ
ĸ׻ؼҺ磬һ˻ġڣǸҴšĸŭӣýһ˵ûĸһýȥ
ֱǮߡźûȥûС棬͵Żؼң뿴ڸʲô
С֪һ𾿾Ҫʲô¶ÿΪɶǵðԼ֧ߣ
ĽţԺӣǰĸ׵˵ĴϢžžžţѰ̽ȥԴĸ׵ҡ
ЩȻĸ׽ô󣬺üô̶
Ҹô꣬Ҳûи㡣Ǹ㲻ɡŶСеúýܲˡŶһֻʱС
ͰҪˣҪˡĸߺͣ仯
屾ΪĸױˣȻôᷢôҵĽһ߿ţǽƿһ쳯
еĻûг֣ûִĸףҲûýߣ˵Ķеܣֲ͸һɹ졣
ĸ׺ڴһ˿ҡ׳Ŀȫ⿪¶ԲӡȹӾϡǸƽ˲һ
˫ſ˫ְ䣬ƨ̧ߣƨɼһⶴţûһëⷭˮܵģסճҺʵϡ
ǸվڵϣһָڸšǸİ⶯ҡβͣ
ĸûа꣬ڸɶΪɶĸ׽еôң
ˣƨˣɡһҶӻáĸŤŰƨɣ˵
СӻͻɣôġЦţֲָСѨ档
ǿɲа͵źУɲӰ캢ӡɣˡߡҪ֪Ҹҿˡ
ĸ׵˫ȷֿϣǸزⶴظֲʱĸ׵Ĵȡ
ãְֳףֹ⻬ϸ壬ϵȻ˰ˡ
ϲĻ飬ȢҰɣĸ׵ҷţ飬촽źнش
¶ǵȵȰɡǸĸϻءƨʶûؽһİͱͱĸ׵Ѩⷭ뷭ˮֹ
ڶ˵ĽϴʱʱߴߴСèˮһ㡣
忴ףԼĿӣͳСһԻΪɶҵļôСôûëǸļôȳܲ嶴
ʱĸװҷһ¶ģֻ䴺⣬ﲻסػţ塢ɬ
ˣ˰ɡҶӿ϶·ءҵĸŤְΣȵġѩĵ·͵ĹԡǳȣԲȣߣ治һŮ˿ɱȵġ
ĸףǱġԼŵĶȣǼƷƽʱӶȹ¶ǰһֱҪֹͣ
֪ٴδӽֺ򵽴ȸֳԾĸһδθжһδĻݡ
ڣٵس鶯ţֻڴϻȥĨһ
ĸ׼ס̧ƨɣСѨͬСһͼţߴţ찡찡ҿҪ߳ˣҡ
˱㽫ȷһϣƨװһžžظţֻҡš͸ɼ£ŮһкҲ̲סˣȫɧѨ
ҪˡŶ滵ץŴ˫֣ɿһࡣ
˳ӽǱҺţճصš
ע⵽ĸ׵ⶴƵźţӷۺ׻Ķôһ̲±ߵĸŶûˡ
ĸףĸ׹ڰ£ͷϱߵҺţŴ콫̳̽Աһֱ죬Űһ׶һֺõ̬ڵĻ˵ױȵ¼࣬ԺЩŮһ顣
ǸеһۣһģһĹ࣬ʱĸ׵ͷʹ죬Ѩһ³ŪŮ˱ֱߺߡ
ע⵽ĸ׶µİƨ£ҺţһϣѵŪʪһ顣
ȵĸվʱǸˮϴһɾ¶ͷϺ죬̧ͷ֮ơ
Ǹиɵ˼ĸ˵촩·ɣҶӸýԺˡ
æŴ·ʱܵĲ볷ԸȵʱôղĸϵĶ̲סԼ׶ţԽԽһһᣬһ˳
ƽһξôˬȫÿͷ޻һ
ȳ֪Ƕ治򣬶˵ľ
֮Ҳ֪ĸ׺Ǹڸʲô¶ˣ޹⡣
͵ĸ׵֮ĹϵһԶ䲻ô£Ҳǲʵ¶ʱѧϰľͷ½ӿΣҼҳĸ׶νмͥǽ巣ûˡԸԽԽǿ
ԺǸȥʱһȻû湥ɰظЩСǼһͷۡ
Ħʱ͹ܼϡʱĸӷþֻܴ򳵣߲С
һ磬ĸ׺;Լʱ棬˾ţʲô
ŵ֪ףһͨ绰Ȼȥ
ŷֵıӰ˵ֿˡؾñŻɶӡøͲˡ
ȵʱıصʱǰ龰ˡ
ĸױ׵ڵϿޣͷüѣҲ˺ÿ촩ס¶ߵĻ֣ؿڡ¼ۡҲ˶첲Ѫӡӣ·ձ̣Ƶġ
忴ŷǳۣⲻԼҪĽǸƨ鹣ĸꡣզ
ԺǸûĸʧȥһȥ
ûšΪ˳Էĸ׳ȥҹְҵ̫ģֹϵְҵޱ⡣
ÿμԼ룬ﲻζֹˣߵﶼ̧ͷѧУҲ֪˭ô𣬱ġ
䣬ը˷Σ޲ýǸԼ
ôһ죬ѧʱм꼶СڱģˣѪҺһȣųȥ



06 Ա

Ϊ׵СסҺ֣аû裬ѧУųϴ󣬴ºŽд裬ǸֳаԵУǡ
δǹˣɴϲ塣ÿο嶼Ҫơԭܼ򵥣ǰĸʱĸ׳ԭǣСƨëûУ
Ϊܴ裬һҪѩܡ
ͬһѧУϿΣǸͦõĳͲ壬塣ŭԣ˼ң֪˼ʲôˣ϶ǸӣŪ
壬̫߳ˣӲǷ
ô֨Сӭϣһٱ⣬žž죬嵹ڵ
֮ǰزסͼ̧ԴŻ˵ȥҵӣСүգȥ£ьϴɾˡߣġ
ﳤȥվصĸ׵ķȻϣпȡ֡
ĬĬطԼ䣬ۣۣϸۡԼܵ裬ӶҪըһһ૵Ҫɱ㣬Ҫɱ㡣
ȵʱĸ͵ſڣЦϸ磬Ժ
˵ϸ첲ȵģ֡
˵ɶأղ˼ŪѲ
ãЦϣЦѻƵ
͵ֻǸͷ׷ļһʶڽϼͷܴһĸζ
ͷһߣĸһ̲סŻ£ͷӣ޹ˣˣѹȥһɣû衣
ĸ׸ŪԵģпţǸϹʮ꣬ͷ⣬ݵе«έ
Ϲûר÷䣬ҪĸߡĸǰһǮڿϣʲôԡ
ݣŰԪƱȥ촥Ǯʱ֡¿ڿˮתݣһֱţûǮôԸ衣
ôԱȣԼơ˼ҶѻʯĶԲǶܡǲܶɡ
˼ң˼㣬Ҳ㲻
ȥͬѧһȦصʱĸ׷𣬴죬Ҳû⡣춼УϰΪ
طʱһС߳С׷ĸףһŭǼ˯£¶߰׻⣬һӺشģС
Ǽų˯Ӷûϵ
裬ϽǮţﲻ档
ôˣοο㣬ҪǮͲˡǷǸ裬ֺ¡
ĸۣŭСӣеϵĹءôɣԺ˰ɣ
ό£ҿˡôɣһûиоСүնûáͳʮǮҵĸϡ
ĸðСӣ̫ˡ
Ŀ˯³ڴȥ¶һٳ±΢΢ⴽЦ̫ˣֻܽõϹˡҿƨɰɣ϶áһָԱų壬Ц
ĸᣬ˵˴뱲ӣܹ̲ס޳
һɲǼ䣬ͻȻȫеĹǣǺ
һץԵʵľӣԼٶȣմԴȥһѪӶͷ£һΪ
ҲģҶҡ躿
̧첲ûüӣһԴģۿŴ¡
ĸ׸Ͻֹץס
ӣɱҪġ
һ̱ϣ˫۷ֱžصڵϡ
ĸȥԴıǿף࣬һˡ
ˣˣûˡ³ˣôá
ŵץĸ첲
ǻ᲻ᱻǹа
ܿܡ
屧סĸףޣ˿־Ͳ
ҲҲ
ĸһƿɫܣжԶܶԶǧ
ָָϵļһʵզ죿
ܣܡ
ܽĸһǮڶ׼ڣߡ
ͷֻĸг˲ᡣȻ¶ءѨڿչһ˲䣬ĸһ㲻ָֻյòָ˵ĸ׵ϡ
衣
ĸǿˮӻӻ֣һƲţ˵Ĳˡ
һĸ׵壬ȱܣٲͷ֪Ҫȥֻ֪ǰȫģᱻץ
屧Դ棬ˮڵϡ
Ľģ۾Ҳʪˣ벻λүʷԱ֮£Լ˼ˡԩ֮ǰǳġ
ݸһëĽʵôôµģӵȥ
ᣬȶһ̶ۡ
ԺҲûм衣Ǵηֱһο
Žȥ
һ˫̶ۣ̾βż
ӵأһݻɣǮܻȥ˰ɣķؼ磬֪ĸױץ
ĸڶߺ󣬽ȳѴҽԺȣǻˣԼʶ
۶ӣ׷ΡĸװеԼϣԹ˺ʮꡣ
ðȥ̽࣬һĸѲһϢ弸ָĸ׷ԼúТ˳뾹
ĸ׷̵һĸ׺׸ġ
ڸףûʲôøСʱĸףѾ¼ңҪйز֪ͨ常ײǡ
ĸˣ屯ʹ֮࣬ĸױˣгʹޡǸǴˣɷŹг𲻱ǾӣοԼǾӣǸСˡ
ϣ踸׺ȾƻؼңڿŽʱӺ߳裬󱻴˫ȡ⻹㣬ϣ۾ֽͣҾϣ伦顣
һ߸ɣһ߻裬ҾҪ㡣Ƿ١
׵õŶӱɵĽŶȵʹ࣬λֳֻܿȥ
巢йΪĸ𣬴Ϊ⣬ȲŴԴЦӣԱ˹ԴҲܵﰡҲӦԼԼǡүָ·ɣȥƨɣ϶ƨáƨˣϴɾүҲûȤݰݰɣӡ
ȭѴͷž˶顣
жΪֹˣûС
忴ĸױĵһˣǸ̵꾭ҪԼĸףĸôᵱôô䵽Ǹ³
αһɵúú롣



07 

һعһ쾭ҵһѰ˼űһõķ˼Ķ֡
˵˺ĸףԼӦ÷ֻ֣ŮĳҲ̶ãʹʵ޷аҺþĶӽҪ顣
Ҫã»֮գ֮ʱһӡ
ԣǶԾϱ֡룬˼ңãȢŮô
ϣȶ˵ɢֻʣһҪʱ롣
䲻˳ֵ룬Ƕ˶ɵˡ
ﵹʾֻҪ˶ôС
ǼæԼԼǿ˵Żĵ·ʵĵ·ź⣬η
սսѵԼװѵİ׻ɴ±ߵ⣬Ӳ廹ΪԼԭ򣬿˼ŵġϸһĳ࣬Ȼ
ԭǸӣһȱֻ֣󲼴һ£һ裬һ쵰
ǸһɽϵһȦһȦ֮䣬Ȧڲ˰㶯š
ڿʵ²ǸġǸɣͬġԼҲ
ֻŪߣûɫ
ǸûõĶҪӲͻҡ
Ϣһ¾ͺˡ˵
˾ԼãΪԶûв
ԱߵŹڣſ±ߵıݰɡ
£ɽģˡ
㲻ɣԺ󶼱ɡǺ֮ŸҼأÿضŪϲϣ²µġҪǲɣˡ۾һб
屻ĿһëȻ֮С˵ıͷһŮˣôɫզ
Ĵߴ£ɹſȥôӿǶС棬û仯˵ȥ
ＱˣһŽߵ£ˤžһƨˤ롣
̫࣬ǷҾҰְŪ䵱ȥ
վƨɣĵţһӲ
Ż㲻Ҽ޸ɶιλС磬ɴɰɡɤŹѧŮ˵Ľģ¡
ɫһ䣬椴Լ
ƻ󣬱øġҸҸɹˡ
ʱΪǴŭŭػΪɷ϶֪ˡɳһɣжϵصһ㡣
ִٵĽţʶӡ
ø磬㾡Ұɣ˲ᷴԵġ˵ˣҵ˵㡣ɡɵȨѵǶֻΪ־ߣ֨ˡ
ǰʲôġΪ龭ϱģʵ޷ܡҪɣ⵹Ǻ⣬ɱҪ˳۵öࡣ
ˣԼĿһ㷴ӦûСԼӲ
ԥ䣬﷢ˡ
ǸСҪҡ
ɶû˵¸ҵعȥˣߡ
ɽһܰԼװµĴͷһı׳С
Ϊĸ׵ĴΪ˴Ǹɶ̵꾭Ҳ˭
ͣסţմ˻
ĽǿסЦ̫ˡһʱ䣬Լǻն
ҺúýôǸģһɣĴߴ١
±ˣֵܣŹҰɡһԹһʹı飬ĸȥʱҲûʱ⡣
ϧˡðɣ磬Ž
屨뿪磬ȥ򹤵Сʱϰñˡûӣһɡ˶ֻҲûкġʶˣ廨ŵģʲôСǶԺķչһá
ڳƯһ٣һٵġҸ̶ǺùܱȥԼСᾭ٣ûﶼ
һΣҵһͻһָ׳ļһԷһѽƵһȥ
ҲģӸ㡣ȭȥˡ
Էһѣͨϡ
ģӸƴˡץϰשͷӾȥ
Ǽһŵֱ£Ͻ
ƾԼĹ
ɹһʱ䣬̫࣬ǮҲ٣ֽһЩСӻǳĽ
Щһеǰ֣еƭӣе̼ձѣÿɡ죬·ͷŶӣһţƺӡ
ԣ˾ӦôšôŴ
ͨЩˣʶЩСӣǺȾƣϡ
ڵҲܽġЩСҲɢ£Ҳ֯ͷĿġҪڵҲҪˣǿϲСȻϹ
һ̵꣬ϰӲȥ߶ٻؽǮϰǲϰ廹һбˣһ˲Ҷ
ӵüԼȥ̵꣬˸ĸϰ塣
ȥһ仰㽻ǲ
ϰӲʯͷ
ûǮ
˵ͻɽžžһȭߣϰ嵹ڵϣ۾ˤ飬Ӷˣ첲ۣҽڵصѡ
Ѹ߾ȻӲܣŪ
ĵһ¶ǱҽԺǸűڲŵϰǰ
㽻ǲ
ϰ˹һ־壬ֱȥ
ҽҽҡ
ͷƽ˾ܵϴʶͨ¶һٳΪһλ֮㡣˼˶ү˶֪һǸëӣȴǸصص֮ͽ
илرнǮλЩ御Ĳ潡Ⱦƣ뾡
ˣڵҲдաܶ¶Ǹܽġ
ǸССɣᱻĴɳԵһҪͳһСϴԸ⣬ôһڽQĪ˳͵᳧һճɻҡ
忴Ǹ磬Ͷǲҡϴֳɵӡʲôʱ򣬻СҪ
ѹ֣䣬˸˴Ҵ̼Ψз˲ܷЩѼӣС㣬ɱˡȸɹһվɣǧǧᡣ
аɣûѧҲûмûб£˴ɱɱҲġڵܡ
ЩúǣܳأֱʮԺ϶䣬űҪ壬ҲҪ䡣
һΪִڣƴѪȷУԴڿϡһͬЩǿӲĶ޳һ¶ĿĽִУһ뽫˾ҵһһ߷塣
пҲںڵϣڽɼûѡνһáأʵʵװף㲻Ҳһˣеѡ𣿡
һ仰Ľʵſڽ࣬˵



08 ͥ

¶Ե֮ɫڳʤߵ̬
˵˰ɣöɲ㡣ʵٹأȥ£ѱ²㡣ԩģܳȥܵûصǰֵܣɡԺȥɡ
ץסĽɵ֣ʹҡҡ
ĽɸеϺ飬һƬãȻȻоԼһֻʲôϣûС
һĹ£硣ΪʹԼ鲻Ӱ죬Ľתƻ⡣
Դ˵ҵĹ¶㽲ˣʲô˵ģ
ô㸸ףôصļңкĸĹϵôǿġ
ٺЦˣ˫̶ۡ
ֵܣɶģеڣΪôӣԼؽ̫ĲֵáҪഺŮҲУһǣҺûˡ
ģҲЦġ
ҿԸ㽲ǿҲҲøҽ
ûʲôù£Ҳ᲻
ĲýͽŮզɵġǵĵһΡ
Ƚ˵
УУӦҡȻҲһĹִ
УУ㽲ĶҸˡ񫣬Ҿͽ
ðɡҾͽŸԺ˵ⶼǱ¶¶
ڸ֮󣬸ɵɫɼͻ䶼佱Ǹú
һ츸ҪؼҡΪԾİϰΪɶͻȻԼиˡѵ˵ķ
ΪŪĻ˰ϰ֣֪ϼһʲôıʲô壬Լˡ
һʱϰֵ塣
ϰԭһҹˣ󣬹һ˵дƴķܶŬ̡Ȼ¼ңȢţиӡڶʮ꣬ų죬ĻʱѶ䵽ȣˡ
ź£ϰҪ˽ϰļˣֱˡȱЩʱ룬û˿ңû˿ԼеǮ
ЩŮ˸ƵĻͣʼûϰģ뵽ԼһˣӶûУʵڱ
ȷԼȷʵΪʱԼ仹ΨһĶ塣뵽Լͣһһ̺˶ûСһ¶ҲûСɲС
˺þãǾһԲ
ڻȥ⣬ʼò⣬̶ʱϴ΢ЦЩ¶˰ﲻæ
һϰţʹ¾ĻȥүʱȻؼҵүһǺڵˣȻҪΪ
ջǶʱ䣬ӡסԾƵ꣬ǣһ첻֪ӻǮϰּιȰ޼¡
㲻һү𣿻Ǯۣһȥá
ҭϰ޻˵ӴΪʧ
ģõүûʲô˼ñҲġϰ˾ѧŴҵ񣬸ȥʹҲȥЩ֣Щ񣬻ЩūŰԱ˾
ǮҲᷳգүò
˵ǶζҪģôûǻ˼ɱɱѪСУÿ춼оһ䡢仯޳йġ
ɶƨӡ
ϰûΪӻͱðؼһЩŮϰƽʱǮСƽϣˣǶŮ˳Ĵ󷽣һǧֻΪŮһЦ
ϲģһǮø¿һЩŮ˻ǮզЦЦøѼοһ
ͷӲ㣬ǺģǱŽʹġм̸ۻĵزʹĩյΣС
ΪάԼ棬ϳ֣ɱϳţҲԴС¾ģκһŮ˸ҵ衣
иŮ˴úʱУƯͷ͡ϰȥʱԼںţΪ潣õŮ˵еŮ˱ӽιȵȡûϰֻŮѲֻӴܡ
иŮλʦľ̸¸ţҲһΣͱˣ˵ɶҲͷˡ
սʱ˼ңֵúòͷݻ·ԭα¶ʼж
һϰֳֻ§ԼŮ죬һֻȹ
ϰּˣչӴȥ
ΧתȦϻ˵ϰ֣ĶҵԺǮҵģҵģ˾ҵģŮҲҵġⲻǰʹһŲ㿴ɶСҪԸ⣬үһPζûɣ
һϰûѪǸŮ˿޿ˡ
ϰֹ˲ٴӣ壬Źչ׷ȥ
ߵӹЦ̫֮λȹˡ
ȺܼŮˣϰͣˣ˵ֻڣͶȢͷɡ
ϰȷʵʵһʱ䣬ǺǸвٻŮˣˡŽ£ѾǼǣΪϷޣʽΪԼļĸ
֪ŭɶɶŮˣһҪɢǡ
Ϊˣþְ취ǰԸЩŮ˵ģȫٻһ飬áӲԣҪ̫̫Ҫͷ쳤ؾá
Ϊȡʤ廹˽˲ٻĵϸ
ǳũ壬бҵλҵģأ־ӪһһױƷ̵꣬ڰңƾߵ졣
ⶼעģΪעǸбҵ󣬵֮ǰʱ䡣˵ΪհסΪٻģꡣ
ţ϶ٲ顣ȥز飬»Ǯ
ǮʹĥܿõԭٻǶʱݵĶ̣ʮϵС㡣
֣˵ˡǼôҹȥ
֪⻰˵ͷͷӲΪȻ˵֪ˣԺû¶ҪѧˣúТ˳ĸ
⻰ûϼһ
ʮС㣬㣬һٸˣʮǧˡǧñӣҪ϶Ħ¥ߡţϼһţػжܳ˴Ұֶܺĸ
ٲϲٷ¶Ҳסĸٻš
»֮˼ʽסլԼĽɽһˡ
λٻʮ꣬һĵЦ۾ҲĵġϻŽɫͷԺ٣ϲ컨ϴųۣɫϱɫĻͼӺͼȥɫ㣬ζ
·磬Խޡ۵Ŀܸߣһ۹Ĵ֣ӿ졣
ÿͷӿٻ·һӻصʱ۷Ź⣬ɫ󣬲ʱزһµĿˮ
ĭ˵ģͷɵһλŮߣ⣬Һܿӡҵֶΰɡ



09 游

죬ӴϽ׻ɴ绨񣬺ͷǣڻãҵ
˶˵ͷ޸ǳ˵ٺÿҲǸŮɶϡģ
˾ǰٻͣ£˵壬Ժùҽˡ
һۣҪ䣬ԱߵϰһţĿڵҪĺжˡĵˣҲˡ
һڣһСʱƣͷ˯£ϸʱ
ٻͷӷԱ߷˯Լǹɴ̱ӵľζ
Ծжױʱ忪Ž
ҿ裬»֮ҹðɡ˫ժͷϵĻ۾峺ľ档˫۾źȦԵرˡ
һƨױ̨ϣаλӡ
ٸסǸͷӣû㣬ֻˣҲûҪ˵ɣɶʱҼҡ
ЦҵļңΪʲôҪˣҿýȢšٻƽ޾ɫ
ҲСҰֵĲƲûš
ҪԸǮһܲӣϴżЦ
Ҫǲ˼ƣôףҷƢʱڶˡ
ٻվʮۣս⿪ͷɢϴŵǡ
ܰôɱңٻһ˫۵ɴ󣬺촽΢ţһ¿ͷ̵ӡ
úƣȥǿڴѪ仨ء
һǮԶ㡣Ļɫòıսԡ
ҪͷӹһӣҪǮٻ¶Цݣá
ûˣӲԣð졣
ҪǲҾǿ㣬
⻰ٻЦЦû֦Ҳ壬Һһɵ⡣
ЦɶЦЦҾͻŹ𣿡
Ϊô˵һ㣿ֵӣĺ裬һԡٻӣһ쳤ӡ
ҲеҾͶ㣬զأҲѲ쳤ߡһģ𪣬һڣֲڣеŮҰޡ
ϽȥҺ˯ٻ
ӣû˯𣿡ţװŮˡ
ӣʲôȥ
Ů޲ߣ֣²ģֻöߡ
֪һ̫ࡣ
⻰׼ŭ壬һתŮĿһģһֳԼСָ
ŭɶ˫һѣòٻʧɫֱˡ
壬ʲô
㡣㲻̫ھ֪ǲ̫ࡣ
𣬲ҪҪǸôɣҾͱΡ˵ߣٻ
Żҡڵϻġɣӡ
ǿң㲻úӶӣ⻰һѵֱϣĿȫɥʧǡ
žžҿ
ңǿҡ
ģҪңҲġ
˫ȥ˺Է·ٻ˫ƾܣܶùֵĺӡ
תۼ䣬ոµ۱һ鲼ӵߡϣһƬƬ衣
ٻֻʣ¿ˣݲҵڴϡ
ģṴˡưǺɫģôС͸ģϱߵζţͷڵ㡣±Ǹֿ㣬ëӲƬ©Ƭ״Լɼʿڿˮ
ͷһأһɣһӡ
ŹҰɣҲˡҴӦ뿪֣㲻Ҫǿҡ
Ц˵⻰ˣһ٣һŻġ˫·¶˵塣
׳ʵ޹ءǸѾȻһֱ֧ʳһֶȡͷɫմˮ顣
ӣˡ
ҿ衣ҺͰֵĴϲӡڸ˯š
ǲҰָɲˣ㡣
ϴǸӾҵػţٻɱ
ٻڴģУгֳ̬֮
ӣҼЩŮṴˣǵʮСˡ
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ץסٻѹ¡
ɼŮһԡɲͦŹͷͱ
ٻƨһŤȸϣúۡ
ӣһƲ㡣סƨɣСѨһͦͷȥŮ˰һУСѨðһˮ
ӣҪˣ˵Ҫ̫αˡһ´̵ף̵òٻһͺ
оеĽˡ治ţһʮČ¡
ٻ˫ִͷǿ裬бӦġ
彫˫ְַߣߵӦҲ¡ҾҪǿ㡣ôҰǿɣƨʶţžžɵˮֱŮüֻӿţнࡣ
忴ȤӴŶ治Сֻˡ˲ţһŮ˻ô
ںֵĳ£׵ҫۣϱߵͷܴǺںģҲܴ
öٵ꣬ץɸ״Цָͦáһ뵽ôо治á
ǶǮˡٻۣ
ӣҸҲġǸѨҿʮǮ͹ˡſӣʹӱҡۡ
ԼʮӣٻŷֿϢﲻʱм
԰Ǻϸӣ˵ӡȾٸߣԼƨգȻݺݵز
һ°£һ˺زٻһ˿ˣֻ򣬱ѹ͸šֹ˴Ϊ
Ůϣ˵ģͬ˾ơĿëʱʱգݴţ촽һһſͷʱš
ֻԼĶţֻҪߵİ׸ӡ±ߵƨ˵ͦšתţʾõľ顣
ǸְӱǳڵѨţһһģˮģвͣشˣ˴񫡣
ˮŹɹţε»ĴϣŪ˴
㣬㣬ӡ
ÿζôôƺиӵơ
ߴУ˫ʱʱֱʱٸߣʱƽһƨ̧ģСѨҲػУüζҪ
޵ӣ氡Ұи˹ʺˡ
ӽߵϧûҪˣЦء˫ڿϸţ˵ͷţΪ
ôûиҶҸˡŶ氡еˬ
Ժˬɡ
Ҳû⣬ϰֲ
һ̧ͷǽϵ»ա§ͷԼЦЦôģڶԼΪʾ͡
ϰ֣ɻӦõģ㲻лҡǸ˭˭
ӵӷףذڳʽŵĿȣ͵ķȣɵˮƽ롣
ǰ׻ƨ⣬СջſˮСѨǸרҵӣҲٹС㶼ϡѹҰֻȢ㡣
ִӣһ¸ɵס۵һС
֮󣬱ҵĹҡƨɣ˲㣻ţιŮ˱ɫ
һ㣬һ㰡ҪûˡתζƳ
ˣɣܲˡ
̲סˣõĳ̣ɫ͸ϡ
ɣɣͷҪǻĺӣͷӿɲˡ
ôˬʱܳʹ˼ʮ£ˣȫӵĶ
ˬֱ޷ݣƮ࣬ûһԼġ
ˬûнͻȻһֻۣһתͷȥ㱼ֻͷػƿվڴߡ
Ȼʲô֪ˡ



10 һ

ЩһľɥŭظţҪ
Ľ̲סЦҪǿţƻЦǰϡôһЦƺԼһӿնЦˡ
Цɶɴ̶۾
磬ҲԩôˡΪǸĸֻ˵Ц벻ģͽ̡
յҵʱҲΪ˵Ц벻Ǿ顣ǰһӻڴҪҪģһӾͰͽӡ鰡
ĸŮӹôĿˣһ˸ҲûɶʧΪɶǵñ־ûţͷӵΨһӰ
ҲףеˣԴ¿ˡҰʲô̬ȣҲҲʱֿͽӣڻûмҰһ档
ϰǱ߷ˡûƿԼӣҲݵģǸͷӡ
һ֣˵ϼһˣϻ𡣶ˣм¶Ҳ벻ף㡣
ʰɣǺøǣлֱ˵
һ˵ûгҴ磬֪϶ɵġҴˣû֤ݵ¶˵ңô֪ҴĲطġ
ĽеѿıɣƺҲûҪ˼Ѿ϶ˣֺαضԡȻˣǾ˵װɣԼڹ԰͵Щ½һ顣
ͷĽɵ˵ԭɺϰһ֪ɵ¶ˣ޲úѪ⣬ϸ룬Ҳ㡣ϾǵˣûҴ磬㲻ϳҸ飬Ź㡣
ϴҪǱһˣôԷ⻰Ľһܶˡ
ЦЦ¶̬֮
ֵܵģýǷǡԺӴˣʲôˡ
Ľס֣ϵ˵磬лл㡣
ﻰԼֵܡ
ֻֽһյôһů˫ģúȡ
ĽɰԸп䵽زǰཻѣûһңｻѣǺġⶫԤϡ
᲻ᣬľͺá
ʱĽɵٺЦˡ
ֵܰʲôѧʲôˡһֱǸˣǸúáҪҽԼġʱڿɾˡ
Ľûгĺңһʱ˵ʵԼ䵽ֵزҲΪڵˡ
һ죬ûлżڼתȦ
Ҵ粻°ɣſֻš
Ӧû°ɣҲǱġ
ǵǡھָضھ÷档ִɱɱ¶ҴԼ롣
ſİɣ˼ˡ
һɫָƽжЦݣ˾ů͡
ͷһ죬һ¶صӰ
Ľɳ
ȥɶֵܣֳء
¶
Ҫʲô鷳ͷ˵
ĽɴӦһ߳ȥֹѵ׼ˣ
һûԣ쵽Ӵңһֱָȥˡ
ŽȥȻ״ߵšһƷһ峺ںڵӿ
㲻òϣÿμŮˣڸܺͬʱҲԵȻĶС
ˮһ󣬴űͦɫƷİ׳ۡϱŵļոӼׯϡ
һλŮһ磬˵ĸо£ʹֻԶ롣
ĽߵǰҲÿһԶеƮƮȻ
ֻŮԼѶʲôϵ
ôҸ첻ʶˣ
ĽɶǶ˵޵ҷ֣ͦƯġ
ˮһЦ۾ΪȻ
Ӳùɣˮָÿһָϸÿ
ֲֳʲôõġ
ûвɣġȻ䵽زô͵ʵ˭Ҳﲻ㣬ֻԼԼľǡ㶮ҵ˼ɣ
ˮĺתתǹڣ⡣
£һ²˾ĴӦ򲻴Ӧ
ʲôѵģоУоͲСҪ㣬϶Ӧġ
ΪɶأĽĿ»Ůٵĺȹ׵ҫ۵Ĵȣ缦⣬ýģ͸϶
һ˵Ŀ⣬ˮҲҪظˡǺĺôӦöġ
ĽɵĿضԷǰ͸죬ޡһ㷢ഹ¡
Щһһ֤Ķ
ޣʲôѵܰŪȥȥ֮𣿡
ˮһһִԱ˽ΥΪ͹ܶԭ򡣡
ĽɵͷʵʲôҶĵ
ˮĿ˵ϴת촽㲻ϲŮ㲻ǺϲҰ˶𣿡
Ľɲ⣬˼˵
ˮĿѪ죬ҵ˼˵ҿ԰ŮˣϺõŮ㣬Ǳʵʵ¶ΪҵˣΪṩҪ鱨
ĽɹһЦð⣬λȷʵˡ
ҪСҿԸеŮˣҿûȤ̫ˣ뱻ôӣô༦ͲٹČ£ҾúÇfġ
ˮֱüĽɣܲͷŸɾ㣬˵ô֡
ĽӵǣǣǣֻһˣûʲôʣҰ
ˮӻ֣ˣûƽС¶ֻҪңϴӦҵ˲ҪһȷĴ𸲡¶Ҫġ
ҿԴӦ㣬ôӦһĽࡣ
ˮϲɫ¶æ˵˵ɣ˵ɣֻҪǺģô᲻Ӧ
ŶԷĽĽɤ˵˵ˣ㲻׼𡣡
˵ɣôϻˮüι־밡Ҳϲ̫á˭á
ĽɽشˣԽԽּӵ뻳
ҪһΡ
ˮ󱻶ҧһڣ࣬Ŀðֵָ
Ľɣôְͷ
׼٣绨ʲףĸ˲ϲ㣿ͷһ㶼ࡣĽڵվ˵ʾ
ˮֱҧŭĽɣִַ֪Աʲô𣿡
Ľѵûַ㣬ⲻǸоУоͲУҲûǿ㡣
ˣåˡ
幫ʵϲʵ¶ϸˡ
ˮǰͦظߺߵ˵ôʵˣôϸˣ
Ľɲˣżһ
˵ֹ壬ΪôΪ帶ʲôˣ
ĽϣҪǸ㵱Եףȥգ㲻ñ˭ҡΪأһΣ㸶ϣⲻ֤˵ΪܶȫǼٻ𣿡
һˮ˵סˣ֪ôػϸһ룬һ˵úе



11 

Ľɲչɫ֪ŮٱԼĻд֣бҪٽսմԸ
׼٣˵ö԰ɣΪĹ壬ͷ­ѪλӷιΪˣЩ۲ӦֻҪҵǮˣû֪֪Щ˷֣ʲô³һģΪͰȫҶˣ
ĽŭܸʲôǹҪʲôãֻҪȥðգڰȫĵطƨҲɣҸ㣬ûô򵥵£ʲôɣҪҸɣֻҪҸһΣȫġԺŬһͬΪõִߣ˵ã
ˮ˫ڰ׷Ĵ۾絶˵ɨţһһģǷĺ촽һ΢ţһϣһһʾĵı仯
ҺǸˣʲôݣʲôݡ¶ģͦ΢¡ظöźһһͣɫʮĿ
ĽЦ׼٣ڲһݺԻһͺļߵݺ˵ӦΪ
ˮ⻰粻ҡ
ϹһΣǲܵġˮٶȰ
ĽɱŹ֣Ů˱죬ղŻţʲôɵģĪǱɫ
ԭĹ嶼ǿںŰҶ̫ʧˡû̸ȥ
ˮĬ룬·˾ģ㷢ϵǲܵģҿְ㡣
Ľһϲ޶ԣֻǵͷҲãҲãÿ׼ٵĹզ
иӦң̸ˮ˿˵
ֻҪ۾ߴңʧȥоĶСĽ϶ڴĹԡ
ˮָʱ㲻׼һ¡
ʲôĽɴΪ
ˮˮҧº촽Ҫͬ⣬ˡ
ԣĽ˫Ͷƣһʧ䣬úãҲˡҲġ
ʲô㻹ˮ̫֣ռ˼ұˣʲôƨһ׼Ǻ¶
ˮҲֻĿ
Ľɵҵܼ򵥡룬棬Ҳûʲôֲһ£ǸȤˡ԰ҽ·ˣ衣Ȼַɣ붼̼
ˮһа̫޳ܣ̫ҪˣҿļٰɲŮ
㲻̫ӦúҵݡҪôˣڱˮʲôˣˮţ߿
Լ˭ڲǼ٣Ůˣֻҵĺߣ幫ĴˡĽ˵꣬ﶼЦ
ģ㲻ǸҰ߻ȥԱ֮ì֮ܣô˵
Ȼ⻰á
ˮҪǲӦأ
Ľʼ磬֮ǰ˵̸Ժ󲻱ؼ档
ˮԥţǰת˼ȦƷӭŹʱһţһôׯϣôͷ
߶ʱµĸ߸Ьȹµţܡ΢¡ظƺҲĹⲨ˵Ŀǻһ
˵۾ȫɨţŹκһλǱԲΣǾþͣţ˵Ҫˣ߻ʲôӣ
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ĽЦûôѵġֻҪĿۣЩ򵥵ĶˡôûԹ⣬ûҶġ
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ĽһãſݳôһһԸж˲Ź֡
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תʱˮϱߵ¿ָۣϣôһӿˡ
üֺ̾רҵʿûȡ
ǵǰͬȥưʱ̨ЩŮ˴źö·ڵʵʵŴ̶֣ڵļУǵŵ磬Ļ󣬣Ұһнض壬ÿһλΪĴ߻
֮£״ŮˮƽҲ̫ˮˡ
˦ͷŤҡƨɡô尡û취ĽֳָҪĵӡ
ˮˣĻˡƮ裬Ťƨҡʾ֫岻Эԡ
ԣԣе˼ˡţҸɡ
ĽɺŶеĸҥŮٽСǰ赸ţ̧ۣȣתԾŶԼѣֵ̬һа̾ȷʵһ֮Ű
ģҪһʧҵ⿿Ҳܻ뷹ԣ
ֻҲ̫䣬̫нҲƽңˮͷѩӰ㣬ǵǵһΣҲȥ
һ׸質ʱƷѵûӵϣǹؾعǽµ¼ϡ߾ǰ׳ˡ
˵߸ʱˮʼ߶µظСȵزţݺһճסĿ⡣
ƽʱûעӣҲϵġѩĴ󣬵Ӧòܿɣ
ڴĽʧؿ׸׼ֻժҵ¼ϣȻֹͣظԼǰ
Ľɴߴٵ
ˮüͷ壬ˡѣѾˡ±ְɡ
ĽɱЦˣⲻԵˣҲ裿
Уһ
Ѿˡ㲻̫Ůð
ĽЦӦҰ谡ⶼûӴС֪ëɶɫ
⻰ŮٵһºղʱҲûôôˣִżķŭ
໰ˡЩλǸԼϹģǸһġˮĿҪɱˡ
㿴ˡǺߣġȻҶȥˣ㸶ʲôѰɡΣҸԤһױȽʺϵĸ׼ã׼٣ǼˡĽվŽģ٬ѵس
ѵѵѵ
Ϊ˹壬ΪԶͼˮһᣬƴˡ
ֻӣŤΣ̧ͦȣƻգһͨͨʺһ顣



12 ŵŮ

ŤŮԵˮȻϲЩŮɾտ죬ЩŮӿɱȡ
ʮָһŤζ½źϼ䣬¶¶٣ɫºȻĿ
Ľɿ۾ֱǻȱˮȻ˳裬һƨڵϡ
úãúãѵ¡Ľ٣˵
һĴߴ٣ˮ˫½ֿһֻ첲¶Ǻɴģֻܸסһ룬һ¶⣬Ů˵ŤȵĻζһһʵģ۵ģҵġ
ۣز¶ĲСĽһﻰðˡ
ˮĽɣ̧𣬽ֹصط¼ϣڵϡأ׼ٵֻˡ
޳Ĳӣѩ׵ļ΢ԲСһ§ϸںֵĳ£Ϊˡ
ûͣ֫趯Ťͷת㷢ƮӹĹĵĲ¶ÿλζֹͣ
ϸƣסͷֲֵƺҲĽɵƺоڵĴˡǰȥС
뵽Ů˵ԸĽ治ҹȥӵվ
ã̫ˡ׼٣ȹҲ˰ɡĽ⼸仰˵еͣȱˮ֡
̫ˡˮ޺޵ðһ仰ǽģϹûء
Ľɵô˵ǶΪսĸͷ벻ɡ
ˮסȹԵһˣĴֻ̧ʣ¸ڿˡ
Һÿӣ׼ٽ裬۵Ƥʹõʹ˵ѪֵĽƣĵֺۡ
𿴸ӰЩ覣˳ȣŵ޲߱ڿһףҲɴϵģش𴦶ǰ͸ģԿ貿ȸƤشʲôСһͻܳëģںڵġ
н赸ʱǸСƺҲźš
תţתҿߵӡ
ӵĶУת񱳷Ű׹⣬ϸƤǡ
źڿ㣬ŵƨ״¶ţ𿴲˶ҲǽԲ׼ˮΡ赸ƨһһ˵ţͷת
ˮòˣֹͣĽɸǰ֪ﰹͷҪ֪ǹǱˡ
ϵ·ûѹ⡣ĽŶԷϵζĳȣ붯֡
ˮһֵأһڿ裬ȻַӣΪһŮˣֻϣҵļޡ
ĽɵͷðɣðɡҲ㡣»صģǽ
»ءˮɫˣҸô·ˡҲˡ
ˣ׼١иҪĻûءĽһҪûϷϽѡ
ˮһüƲƲ˹ߵĿɣ̲סÇfġ
ĽɺٺһЦĿغ²š
ҴӦ㵱ˣҲ˵ܷڰ
ˮ촽һָǸԼͳɡ
Ľ£Ҫͳ
ˮǿŲǰӣ⿪ӡ
㰡۰Ľɿ½ʱ谭ãˡ
ˮŭһۣá
䵽ϥϷǸ֧֧㶵ļһŮ˵Уһµġôһ¿ڵġԼ˲ܱȵġ
ֻǴʹ֣ϱߣͻ˵۷硣ǸͷѼ󣬲ݮɫģһǳ嶯Ľ
ˮתһߣѿšҵģµġ
ⶫҪǲŮ˵ĶŻˡ治֪Ůôһﳤڵĥġ
ţôߣҪ
찡׼٣һ˿ɲáĽ˫ֱͦſ貿ʹǰҡͷԵģڳʺá
ˮߴ˵İӡһ紥̣֡ȻٶץסȶȡӲȣֶȣ˵ԲˣϹҲŮˡûΪ˷κ͹סһзִģñӣ
Ůһһ׵ģƤһ¸סӣһ¶ǹͷĸ߶촽һƽŵɧζУ޲þƣⶫӡ
ֵ磬ֱ֣뵽ƽʱ粻һļ٣ѵó¶ظԼ̫ˬˡ
ͷŮޡ߷ߵֻ¶ӣɸװĶΡΡġ±Ǻɴڿ㣬˵ĵط
Ҫǰǵڿ㣬ǶȿԿëɣ¶ߵëĸ±Ӧïܵɭ֡Ҫҵְǿɭ¶ˮһпͷҪҵİӲˮˮӦûˮɣ
ôһ룬Ľر嶯һӲ˼֣ģøˮоԼҪղôôʵ
һ̧ͷ˵ĳɫĿһˮǿŭݣҿҹص㡣
漦ͣм͵
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ͷˮһּ׶һֻڵţʱ︧ŪʱŪţ޽š
ҪṴ̄ɣͷɡĽɾĹ̫ɫܿһˮƽɡڴ棬Ҳһĵˡ
˵軰ˡҴӲˮһ
ѽҵļ͡һۣĽɰһ
ˮеɫãٸҸҺ˵˵
ĿԣĽɿϳ䡢ޡ߷ߡ֮⣬е㱨Ц⣬ôˣôˡ
Цһ磬һյеǡ
ˮĽĺ촽һȥԷֻüñӺߺ
Ľ˫͵˫壬³ţֻϻ
ˮһ仯Ūˡ벻ͻȻһԴ󷢣ַԼ֫ȫֻ⽿СӶԿߴˣֱѻʯ
촽ףˮǲ죬˵óѡӱץѲá˺ðԵֲŪͷ
ˮʹţ˵ۻ⽿СŮãһ޻һֹ˫סƨɣðĿ¡
Ůٵһɣåſң˵
ĽɻЦˮˣҪ㡣
ˮæУУ㲻ôɡǼ٣ŹƷģһϹ
ĽЦ͵͵㣬֤֪ĵصˡǼզ˵ҲǸŮˣҲҪ˲١Ϊٌ¡
ĲˡŮ˼ˣٹ˲Լҧ
ĽЦ˵Ҫ㿴ǡӭȥܷ
ˮ˫裬ͷ޷ıơ鼱һֵ˵ĵ۵Ľһ£һɣͨһˮϣˤ죬ƨɺۡ
ǣ⼦͵ôʰ㡣
ãҡˮ޺޵˵ӵվһƨɣȴûʶΣգٹҺˡ
㺰ɣôҿһŮô˲ٵġĽȥŮ˰ǵڵء ˮȴʱӣ ֵģҸƴˡ
ðҰ֣Ҳ㡣
ڵϴƴţϢʹһƬ
Ůٵĺ촽ֱϣҧġˮ촽ûôæµ
ڲУĽɳ֣棬Բ׶ֻӹƮһϺɫͷΣ۲
Ľץסһһţˣɸ״ѹ⡢⡢һת
ˮ죬˵ĽɣҾͺǿˡĿ
ҪͺɡĽɵͷͷֲһֻ
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ƨģԣֵĽץġ
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ŶʱĽſ׼ٵϣƨɾҵ˶ʱƨϵļһһģ﷢İһ¸߳ˡ
ܶյľȫ絽ٵڿϣѨֻһ㱡Ĳܵǻȵ¶ȡǡ

ˮͿͷˣһهfģҪ³̲סг
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⻰ˮǰڣЩεͻȻо±ʪʪġͷһĽĶڿ±ߣ˿һҡҷţȻء
ˮ±ʪˣ˵Һ϶Ϊһһɢŵζֱӣ㴩·ҵطȥˡ



13 ѩΣ

ᱡŮ٣һȴΪˮԸţ»С֮ˣһٹؽյͷǲġ
ĽɹؽաܵʱѩȴĵһΣʹе㴭
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ѩܽ䣬Ͱ˼ڣֹ֮ӶţֱҪˡ
СͼļҾӷ䲻ǽ㣬԰ѽιճ
ƣʹഺƨɰѿӳŵùĹĵģһ˵ġʹֹȥ̽ء
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֮󣬶ԾգǾɫŮԼ˶ý
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֪ԼǷ̯鷳ˡжСЩ֪
ѩִ鵥ʱϱߵ֣ԴһҪε



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ĽɸԼıϣϴɫɫЦ
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15 Σ

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Ľɸ۳ŴִײеҰ֪
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Ľǰһڣ²֪ʣµ¶˰졣



16 

Ľٶʱ˿ʹšԭԼţûллء
Ľ˵ҵԤôֻˣԤⶡ䱻̣ô׼ΪԼʱʱޣʱ䷢ʲôر
򿪻֮ţ羰Ŀܿ췢֣״ξǰԼȻ󣬾ǺܿһΡ
ٺڶεԤ֪ΣǷڸѩ֮ҽԺɱǺˮ˸ɻҲԸнӴ
ѵβķҪŮȹûȵӱûΣҹһƬհסĪԤΣͱøŮȣ
¶һһĽԽãŮ˾Լβ⡣ûŮˣûβ⡣
֣ĽɴľûŮˣûԤ֪ΣԼصǾʹ군кܶණΨûŮˣ
һĽۣԼһŲϡһڻ谵ķƮһŨصˮζ
Ұޣǽʲô
ǿһͦ۵ðѽһ
ˡһڸ
˭ڸ˵

ͷһһ״վڴߣϢһŰñſֻ֣¶һ˫۾۾޽ǣ̶⣬èһ
ĽһǴҽԺﱻɱһ¶һҲðƻҪԼء
ˣҪһɱ֣ԼֻйԹԾķݣһֻһʰ
ҧĽŬǣ˿һʹ㿿ϴͷ
ֺαأμ棬ġ˵ŻǼһﾹڴϣһֻĽɵͷ
˭ʲôĽɵסԷ֣³
Էջֱ֣ĽɣĿ⾼﷢ëǧҪɱְ
ллҴ硣Էϡ
Ľһʵ˭˭
ӻشҽģĺֵܡ˵Ӧ֪Ҵ˭ˡ
һΪɱҵġ
Ľè۵ӣһ񾭷ɣ֮ǰѾ˵£ģ壬ʵİ
ĵҴ֪ҽԺɱԺص㡣ҲҽҽͷȽϷ¶ҴľˡҴǹ˾ÿһֵܣָм㡣
ĽɿЦĸ˵̫ˡҿˣ;ȥˡ
˵ֵܣһ²סʱôڳô֪˴ɱҴ磿ôܼʱ־ȵˣ
ֲûб˼ֻеɻ󡣡
Ľɳ˵Ҳ֪Ҫɱ磬п˽ӽ磬ÿɣ͵ַҲˣ붡ֶʱҾͳȥˡ
һͷֵܵĹ򲻴ӦҲ൱ȻĻȲҴ硣ţԸһϸˡ
Ľɸ̾ҵ֮ǰû˵ʱҵĹ򻹹ȥҸȻȻ֮һȲǰʹһ롣Һ罻ֶΣֻаķݶ
Цֵǫ顣ɸ˵ˣͷһιʱҪͷ֣ҾҲˡ
Ľɻ£ЦˣǴβǱԣֱû˿
ӵӻк𣿺˻ǻӣ
Ҳ԰
ĽɹЦˣЦöͦɡٿģǾģûЦ˲ϲЦɡ
ˣ֣뵽ϴҽԺıɱ¶˵ҽԺȫҪǰȫ㡭ôҽԺģ
ĴҽԺ԰ȫûɡҲû˿ǰ˵˵ΪҽԺǼҿġ
ĽɴΪôʮ㡣ȻԼ˿ģôԼԺԸˡ
վ˵ѹ̫ˣһϲѶҴġһܸ˵ġֵܣɣúϢȳȥһ¡
ĽɵͷĿ첽߳ȥһ¡
Ժļ죬˷̳Է룬С㶼˰æӡĽɺܲϰߣϾǸˣ˿ڻûкãܳǿֻùԹ˰һС
ǲˣҲǸˡڿѺ棬ȻɡĽÿڲţվڵľ죬ˣСֺС롣
˵֪ĽҲĻ죬طƵġĽ´ʱǻҽԺܣԼĻ
ҽԺ󣬵ǲ˲٣˵Ｏ˺öҽĻȥȥ˸м׷á
ĽɿҽԺһ죬һʫﰵЦ˭뵽ôҽԺȻǺῪġˣе̫˰ɡ
һ룬ҲְҲɱɱѪᣬҲ棬ҲҪһ
ദڼ䣬Ľɺ˵˺ö໰һ졣
СĽɣĿг˾壬ĹãôΣ£ܾȳˣҼְɡҲԺڰ참ʱϡ
ĽɵͷԼȣ̾ϢڿɷˣʽеġԸĻҺõģǿԻѧϰѧϰ
С۾Ź⣬˷ܵ˵ǵһν˶϶ߺ˵ġ
ˣʲôˣҶüεˡĽɿЦ
С򿪻ϻӣϲѲк󸣰ȵǶ䣬ʲôǿ׹Ĵ˾Ķ³֪жǮšԺΣҲζģƽûȡͷô¶ɱ˷Ż˵ļһﶼܴ󸣴û
ĽǿЦ䲻Ǹһץˣ
ֻ֪һ֪ץզأֻҪ̣˼һ³µˣӡûǸطҵҵ¶ȴӶ𡣡۾һƳС֣С֪СֵĶôƵ𣿡
Сɫһ۾죬ƺҪ
С֣Ҳ¼ۣ¶ôˣûҪôĽҲˣЦ㡣
ĿתĽϣ˵ֵô࣬ҪĻС˼һӣС־ɵˡ
ĽͷȷʵⷿӡһµĹʣӵһƽ
С󷢸пСֶֿ֮٣ˡ˼ҶСֵƷͦ⣬һӣȫˡ
Сѵûз𣬳Сڰֹ֣ĺĺˡ㵹ǿ
С˫ֵţ̾ǿƨҸŽüˣⷿסһңǵļң˶һ
Ľͬ飬СĬĬ
С밦ЦЦ
ˣЩ¶ˡ˵ģ˵˵ɡҹĽҲδ˽
˵ˣ治Ϥ
ΪɶҪСʵ
Ľһ˵㵹סˡʱΣҲûģȥˡ
С¶ı顣
Ľɵ㿴ĳ࣬ڵˣʦ߸ְġ
ɲͷһμ䣬Ǵ˵еĺڵϴ󡣡
СֵͷǲҪɱΣһءʱ浱ʦ֪ôϺڵģȻ¿ɾͶˡҸ˵һΣ°µһСܽġ
λڲˢˢС롣
ճʱǸСܣͼСһСͷĿ¡ǸСͷĿԶǲã໰䣬üΪҲһΣǽӵҪȥظһΥ⡣ڷֱ׵صʱõ鱨˵֪ͨҵͷܣû֪ͨǸСͷĿСͷĿǹ
Ľõû
С۵湻ݵġô˵Ҳһġ
ٸǽһ¶յϴʱһƯŮԱûãŮԱԼ֣Χס䱻ǶָصЩȫϣҵʦԼͷšǸŮԱɾͲˡ
ĽʵôˣɱˣǱ򡢻ˣ
Сִߴٵͱˡ
ͷ֮ǸŮʧʬ屻˴ӽ﷢֡ԭ˰ʯͷӽˡ
СŭѪô𣿺ôҲǺùһŮˣѵһ¾͵ˣαҪ
С˵ɱ˵˵ǶɵģǸû֤ݰͥжһ뿴֤ݡ
Сֵͷ⵹ǡ
Ľɵٿһ뵽Լ¶磬Լ³



17 

ĽҽԺõõչˡʳãԵθڴ󿪡Լˡ
̽ժ¿֣ԭһˣֻޱ飬ĵĲ
ڴ졣
ֵܶҽԺɣ
⣬ԵúãããʩáĽЦš
ǾͺáһҪ⡣ʲôҪֻᡣ˶ƷĶС
ĽЦҪŮҲ𣿡
ûЦشмŮˣûв˵
Ľ̲סЦٿϣȻޱϲһ֪ģǺɡȣͬ
ֵܣյ鱨ȷʵںڵףҪҽԺǿȷİȫҽԺͲ˵ˡ
ĽϺɵӣ֪˭ҵ𣿡
ҡͷ֪Ŀǰڵ֮С
Ľɵèģûô
ֱããƺ뿴Ľɸèûйϵ
磬¥²ƺ䣬̳ٻޣȺ
С֡СϵĽɳ͸㵽¥ǲһʱ⡣
ھʱſڵĳһλŮĽһϵ
Ůī۾ӡ;ظôͻҪ·ˡ
ڴī飬ֻʱͷ°ƽУʱͷ㷢ٴ£̾ϢʱվߣʱŽ⡣
ǰתĽæסԼӳξһͨͨģƵġ
μףĽͣ£λ첻ԣϷ
ĽתͷŮûߡƵǸƣ˵ʲô
һŮվ򷴷ȥ
ϣˡ
˭ⳤࡢģģˡ
ģܸŮ񡣿ϡ
Ա䣬ۼŤڵˣȽǰԶ
ĽһһˡŮȻǱˣǺйһκ¶ѩ
¥ѩһ̳ıţڴ绰
Ľæö˰Ƶѩֲ֮ᷢǻ̳ĹսǴ̳Ļܼߣø˴ˡˣˡ
Ǿ绰ʲôڿ᣿ҲȻһӡ
ȣתԱѶ೤û뵽ϻ
ιǺҽԺˣĻˡҪְˣһܸ˰ɣ
һС֣Ľɵо𣬴Լ·ͬʱŮŵȻһ䡣
ôôѪ㿪ҪһҪԴɹ԰Ժˣһ涼û˵ʲô
СС뾪ȣٿĽʱ۾ֱǱ¿ˡ
Ϊʲôô˵ҡҵʲô
Ůᣬڰ״ɰϸµϣ䣬˵Ҽðβű㡢ҵĶӣֲΣбӦģ
ԽԽͣӿ󣬸ߵػƣȴܴ£γϡ
λԱȦˣǰοİŮǸĵļһгʹޡҪǼһǰһͷ
ٿĽʱһľͷûһ£Ա֣˼ҹﻳиɶϵ𾪳Ǹ
ѩ޶ȥ󣬹˺һĽɲ˵߰ɣص
ҽԺʱúܿ죬ĵչˣһ·ƽ޲Ľɻص죬ֵýӵ
ֵܣСͦһûϹһɣǶף
磬ɡǱһ¶͹ˡ
ֵܣͲˡˣĻˡ
ûĽĿƶ
ЦˣתҴݡؿܵġˣŷʱȥҴɡ
˷ŷʱ䣬˵ٳϼ䣬վɽ֮߳ơ
ǰסĽɵ˵Сֵܣ̫ллˡڶξҡû㣬Ҷ֮ء˵ɣҪʲô
ȵļʽĽɲ⣬øͿ
Ľɵ֣ǽ˵һξ룬嶼ò롣
˵Ҳ̫ҡһ㡣ĽɾúΡ
΢Цá˵סʵǴΣңǺңǾҡ
Ľ
̾㲻ǵˣ֪ϵĸпᡣؼգҴڲλ׷ɱò㵽˵ҹܻڱָӡ
Ľɵ˵ͷȴԲ
ΪŲߣ̣ıƣȡʤȴ˳϶ͷɱҡϣҸ¶ͷһ˳֧ǹָҵͷһ˲Ϊˡ
俴ĽһۣЦû뵽Ŷ룬˶ץˣҶһ١˵ĳǾҡֱҵĸǰ§ĽɵļĿ͸Ÿм
ĽĿɿڴ̧ͷŶôºͣô˹ģһ㲻ڵϵͷѪϴ
˵ΣԺǾֵˡǸ֪ͼˣһӱ㡣һõʦƲ̫ãͻȥͷһŪȥԺԸ⣬һ¡
Ľ¶Цںڵеɵ
Ѿ˵ˣĻݣÿ춼ںúÿ¶ЦѾ֧ʹˡ
Ľɼʣ˭˭к޺޵ġ
䵭³һ֣ǡ
ǣĽɿ˼е졭ޣˣø磬ǸˡҺûйڣҲûнɱҸʲô
һЦȰǰ¶Ұһ£ţҪ˽Ҳﲻ㡣
ĽɵͷԼ˽ܣֻǼѩǶԹص˵ĹԴԴ
ţ˼Ƭ̡
ôӣƽŹָ֡ԣ첻ҲҪͷ
ЦЦɱ޷顢ǮΪеɱûɱɣСɱ㣡
Ľһ𣬡ԣǾĻԪף
ܣеᣬǵҲôɱˣҽԺɱ㲻׷ɱ֪֪ҪǮʲôǰǵõܴˣô׷㲻ţ
ҡͷûг׷ɱ˵ʵˣ϶ͷСطǺøǣΪһС¶һ𿴡ͷо޴šʦԴͷڡ
ĽͿˣָǣ
նʦǸоҪǵоɹҪоɹͶгǶĲƸ
ĽвеȻˡ
˵ʦɡȥˣһƵբΪʦǱġ㿴ʦǰբݣʦѾɵûкûȫġӵբʦӣԶ岻ô죡
ȵ˵ʲô˵֮ǰѾˡ㲻һֻˡһΪʲôǵûоɹһյļƻ
ŶϸƵķĽɵԽԽȵϺáˣԼݽһ塣Լԩġ
뵽ʦ뵽Ůѳѵıѣ뵽Լԩ飬㴷أһ
ӱ𣬱üǿЩ
ĽһҧҵԪףһҪж˿飬ιԡ
Ľɵļ˵ˣ嶯
ĽһŶſûôˡ
ŷȥĽԼϣ쳣ĬɫܲÿʲôҲǰ
Цֵܰ˰Ҵã֣§ģиЦҸô꣬Ҳֵܣţ
ĽɲֻƤ򣬹ȥû˯⡣뵽Ƿ뵽ǰ£аٸн޲òһԳ򣬴ƮʺζĹطߡ



18 ѡ

һ죬شĽɣ˵λŮǰʻ
Ľգգ۾Ϊ⡣ϴ¶ˮϴε޻棬ĽһݣϴγôĿǲҵģ
֮ǰſվżԱάģϻصġ硱ݡ
Žȥֻˮվڴǰȴֻ·ˣȥŶˡ
βͷࡢ䡣һȹɫŰ׹⣬ϸԲŮ˵ջߡȹΪɫе첲ȹµСȽ
飬Ǳӣûбı仯
ĽӲͷƤǰݵ˵׼٣ûأ
ˮû磬һָӣ˵˵ɡԼ
Ľüͷȥŵϵ֪ô塣
ԼŮʿƤˮû֨
ĽЦϴε¶ҪǸлֲ϶ˡ
ˮĿϣ˵㻹ڣ
Ľɺر˸ָǵȻһΣҿ϶ѵ􊅵ĿӣŻȥ
ˮؿĿѩӣѾѡˣ˵ͶߵúܽǴ⣬Ҫһˣԭװ׵һˣΪΡ
Ľʼ磬ϻһлöлˣΪ£Ҳô׾͵ѣѾŪˡ
ˮһԣϴβһʱ嶯Ǵһʼãû
ǵȻȻѵΪ˺һΣɵȥ˹壬ʲôҲˣ׳ղŸ㣡
ĽЦ㲻ϣҺ߽һЩúܺðٸǿΣϴ˵ֱӰλӶøˣʱҪʲôϢȫ㡣
ˮʹЩʧ䣬촽΢΢ϡ
ԶšϴѾ˼ˣ·ûʧұµûôһǺܿġΪҵĺô
壬𱸵Ŀ⣬ĽɻԼľأ仰˵ûȤҡҡͷվ
ˮǸˣҺ޻˵ˣԺҪңң㣡
ˮվָ˱˵˵ʲôˣ
ĽɹһЦԣҲˣ˵ǸɱԼʦһʲô׼٣һȰġЩﷸġ
ˮôŭһڡ
ƨǸ˵ϴ¶Һ޲˵ڰӳԡʢŭ֮£ˮٲʲôŮˣƿڴ
˺ӣˮ˶侲ΪԼղŵĲŮеڣȴĽʼնվһһرؿԼȲҲǸ·ֻǿϷɵ﷢
ĽɵûµĻҿ𣿡
Ƕţˡˣ߰ɡ
ˮץ߼һ¡ƤóһЩûд򿪣֪Щʲô
ҩɾˣ»ø㡣
ˮܲá㸸׳Ժ󣬼һƶϴԺѶ𣬵ܵѧѡ
ĽɴľԼһֱ֪˵ѶϢȴʼսӴʱڰԼ鲻ô㣬֪ԼԤû㡣
ΪŮڼƶȵʱһҲûϣֱĪ꣬뵽ĸõĽ絶ʣֻһ£㻢Ŀᡣ
ӣ㻹еԣ
ˮѵĽǰһţ㸸׵סԺӡͽǮվʲôģܵõѧվݣҸˣܹ˴Ű飬Լɡ
ĽһǰһһϸЩƱݣֱת̲ס
ˮʱŰĿϣû˵ʲôӹһЩֽصĨᣬ̾˿ſȥ
Ҫ߳ȥͷ
ߣ˵飬ҴӦˡĽɴӱкдſǻصҡ
ˮϲüңתַ˫һѷ
Ľɵһɶ
ȻǸԵ׵Ĺһҵġ
ˮϻָ˼ٵϣʱˣڲϢ˴ʦΪ绤þͿԳȥһ𡣼Ȼ㲻ܳȥŶ䣬ֻд֡
Ľɵôð
˫üһˮߵҲ̫СˡЩҪ˵ûжֻϣǲ
Ľɵ֪֪ǳˣк³
ˮһЦ㲻ǻúúõ𣿡
ΪĽɶסЩɲ˵
Ҷ˵ҲӦô졣
ðɣ뾡취ڳ鱨Ľü
ˮͷԣڳԽԽáֻҪ˵õĶ㹻֮Էˡ
ҾɣܲܰŪ֤ݣûգһᾡġ
ˮѵ¶һ˿ЦݡЦݵȻޡ
嵹䣬ΪҲΪЩ˱¶ɣһ׮ԸˣҲΪ͹һסʱҲǴ󹦳һΪ̡
Ըʱڰɡ
Ľɵ˵ͷ˵ղڴӦ֮ǰ˵һ¡
ˮЦʧʵʲô£
˫ۣĽڣʱᶨҼӿ϶ùܵûѧûʲô룬ȥ£ϣչǣҼȥ
ˮԥشӦ㲻ᣬҲúչǵġҪŹңŷɣƣüٵŵ㣬һȫչļˣ
Ľɳһ˵ôһ˵̤ʵˡزʵڶԲǰɫȻĬĬ̾Ϣ
ˮ˵ĸӣ޷׼ȷ˵ĸо
ûʲô¶ĸˡµĻ˵Уǻ֪ͨҵġȻǾܼ档ˮվװöϳӵĿ
ڳ֮ǰˮعͷݵĽɣߵСɫǣԺҲġŶ
Ľɼæŵӣݸȴַᡣ
Լļˣô״ƫƫԼı䣬ΪӺˡ
뿪ңȥٴμ䣬ڷŷʱ򣬶ֱ¶
Ľûˬش
弱ֵܣҴ绹ֻܿҪǣһĸɴ¶иͬͬ
ĽɿЦһ£ѾӦˮѡ⻰˵óһˡ
Ĭ룬Ľһþõ⣬磬ĺܶഫ˵֪ǲ溦ˡ
һˣֱֵ֣ܰʵĽʲô
ûϷƽ˾Цڽܶɼ磬ܶʱҲ޷Լ뷨һøߣ͵ܶԼԭ¡
û峤һֵܣҴ綼˵ˣ㻹Ӧ𣿡
ĽŶ䣬ڵͷ
ЦЦĽɵֵֵܣǾԼˡҲԼַȥ໥ţ֡
󣬶˵ѾõʦˣҺܿͻ뿪跨ǣĽɵ£ʦ˵ͦаյģֻǡ¶еѰ죬ļĸǱɿڣź¡
Цû¡ֻҪֵܳȥҾǰεԡ
Ľɣ¶֮⣬ԺǾֵˡ֪̫ãԺһչҵġ
Ľһлҡ
ˮѾӦչԼļˣöչˣⲻ̫ʡһ˫ϣʲô˿Ҫ˵ôǺᣬôúԼļˣ
ĽЦЦ˵ˣ硣ҼҵȻãҲܹȥضˡ
һ漴ʲôͷȻҲáڹ죬ǶԳȥˡԼչ˼ˡ
Ľֱ֡˵ܳȥû⣬һЩֱӰԼŪȥԼչ˼ˣͲˮˡ
ɰºķԺнȴ˴۾Ųù˰©˰ʮꡣ
Ľʧɱ̶ʮꡣ
֤㣬ǿﲻͥͷţ
Ϣһ˲оâ£Ľɼ޷ֱĿ⡣



04



01 ǰ

ٳߣΧǽ£䡢Ľ졣Ƕ䡢尸ӵǰϦķŷʱ䡣
ֵܣϢ⼸죬õ𣿡Ȼƽ˾̩ɽǰĽеڣûӰ쵽
û뵽еôأΪʮꡣĽһ˸ʧģǼַŭ
뿴һ˺þãſУ̣ȥһʱȴ쳣ءʮڣмʮꣿˮǳŵæ𣿵ûУ
һ죬ͥеʱԼΪʧɱˣ̶ʮ꣬еһ̣Լڷ·ըˣȻһ֪޾ô뿪ԺĶûӡ
صᣬԼѹʶʮͽ̣ɫΪѿĳڴϣԿأһӱˡ
ԱЩˣϻƽʱԼģʱˣץһٱһߣ˽Ҫ弰ʱֹֻ»
ͷкĽɣ֣ͣȻĻաڡȰ㲻Ҫսǵĵߡ
ԱѹţĽס֣ȻԼıһɣһһ
Ⱦ뿪ЩȻҿĽɡһƽʵʵ廹
Ľһʱƽ󶡵ӿķйöˣҲ΢ܹƽ
еˮʱ洦ΣУʲôʱ򶼲Ҫ
信ϣ鵭Ȼƽͣһ㲻ӡ
㻹ᣬ̫١㾭öˣһжϰΪʮ̫ˣ˵ʵڲп֮ҿ㻹Ǽǹ˾ɣһᾡŪȥ
ҲҪڵ
ȻΪֵܣʽڵĽɻͦġ
̾Ϣһ̧ͷ죬ǹεԶƮżƣдӡ
װ׵ӣ㣬ϸûס룬һ̣ʮηʱʲôӣ㻹ܸʲôõ껪ʧˣ㻹ܸһҵ𣿡
Ľɳ̾һͷȥһɥ
ûм⣬俪ʼ˾¡
ǵļŹģСҵḻԱڶࡣ˾ܲõĵλȫֵǵĶ֧ԮرߵұۣҪã˾չ죬ƿ֮˲Ų΢΢üԵء
塢𣿡
Ǻð֣δ㹻屩ꡢ嶯ϲŸоߣûдֹۣ̫䣬˶࣬ύ٣±ߵֵиңһڣûиܶһģӰս
զ죿
Ҿǿ֮ģŪȥǹ˾ΪһǸɡעĽɣ¶֮ɫ
ҲҪĽҡ֣㿪ԷĿ⣬˫ĿͬдԣһմϾͱ롣
ʲôԸģӢţͷԣеʶҵĸǡҪ㣬֮
ĽҡͷЦֻǲʣ״Ц
ֵܣΪʲôɱ˷ŻаŮˣǹ˾ҵ⣬鷸ơ
Ȼοɱ˷ŻģѵǺˣ㿴ʵУ˴ƷһȴΪ˲¹ͷȺỹݡѵΪ𣿡
Ľ˵
Ľɼ򣬡룬ôġЩˣѵȺ𣿡
⻰絶ӣֱĽɵѣʹط㡢ǣĸȺãƤǣǻ£
Ҫ̶ʮֻ꣬ҪǼţһȳȥĴ۶ԣΪǼŵˡڲǡֵܣҶΪãÿһ°ɡ׾ܾҪپܾԺ󲻻ġ
Ľɵͷû˵ʲô
㲻ǹ˾ˣֻΪǮʦ˾û̫ǹ˾һЩ涨ġҵֵܣԸһѡҵĶԶ
⻰ˡҾ㣬Ǿ㶡һú
⻰ҰմӦʽ󡣡
ַĽɵļϣĿϣĿгڴĽɵӿ죬˵ϲǱǽš
˵䣬ɢԺЩ¡ɢģ˵ģɹ̫ģ˶ģѵõɡɫÿϣůůģһҸ
Щ˿ʼȥи˸šŷʱҪˣ˷̾Ϣ
ڶ˷ֿǰĽһ⡣źþˡ
磬Ϊʲôȡ䡻֣
ʵıʱȥũ壬ĸũûʲôĻҰϲС˵飬ϲߵĺöϲׯĶ䡣ҼҲնȡжˡ
ֺðдķ緶
ʲôðҾò̫üһŪҺҲûȡáҾġ
ĽɳϿҵ磬
ЦЦЦг⣬ĽɵúȺط壬̲ס٩䡣
죬Ժо
ǿͷš
Ųù˰©˰ʮꡣ
ϲüңֻǿ򶡵ʱżԼоâһ̩Ȼ֮
ڣĽɱͽ֪ʱ˴һû
ˮ˵ͨ𣿶䲻Ϊֻ߸ôһʮꣿôһ£
һװױˣ˳ȥ뵽Դ뵽ȥˣĽǸпˡ
ϵЦǿˣɡûɱˣȴ˶ʮ̣˭ȥжϴƶܳȥģȴúһΣҲ̫·תˡ
ϣֺã˯Ľܡ
ռ䣬µӡ
ԲֵܣûæһȥģͬˡЦš
Ľҡҡͷ뵽Ҫζʮ꣬һе¡
˭޶ԡֵܣֻҪžϣ˵̶꣬ǾˡǻܾԼˡ
ͷŸǽһɫûС򾲡̹Ȼķȣ岻ѣﲻǿһ㡣
ĽȻ˼ǣ
εĻһߺˡѹ
ͣĽɶ䣬ƵģֱҪʧˣǺ
䵭һЦжδΪ䣬ʲôɹǰŷգܷնߣעʧ£ֻôѡ
Ľɳ˼ţð˵Ϊʲôʧˣͷˣ
˵Ҳ֡ҵͷⲻҳȥҾͱˡҲһ㱳ҪǳȥˣӰ˵档ԣֻԼΪҡ
Ľɰ죬ıˡ
ҲǺģҡβҳȥʱ򣬷ͱҵӵģһŹ˵â˵
ô¶
ĸˡ
һĽΪ˳ȥˡ



02 ̬

ܱߣĽע⵽ЩǶԶԶģƽΧ£ߵСҲˣΪ¼ҹˡ
䲻ΪȻһЦ̬һ㲻ֻ֡Ҳôױܵġ
ĽȻ𾴣ΪˡԴʶδйϲ󱯣Ƿʧ⣬·һжԤ֮С
磬ô䲻ģ
ûʲôѵġһܵĴˣҲͼֲˡ˵úѡ
ҶΪʲô
Ϊ࣬ءЩʹܳɴЦͷѧѧɡܶණ㻹кܳδԺ෽棬ұֵø㡣
ôһ˵ĽɳĬˡ
죬ڴӿת֮ǰˮר
һ棬ˮ˷֮飬綼ƽʱͬˡ
źɫȹԲ죬Ǻɫֲͼ¶ۡϵĸ߸Ьʹߵõһֲȣǰһ
㷢磬һ͸죬洺磬˫
̫ˣض䱻Уš
ĽվĶ棬ׯµˣġ
ԡһ̡
˵᰸ΪֹƫһҪ׷鵽ףŻﳹΪЩܺ߱ǻܺһ֪ε
Ľɵͷû˵
ض䱻֮Է˴󹦵ġҪΪ˵飬ᱻеøһЩҪŷɣǡйԱǱõġ
ˮ˵ɷһյ˪
ôˣôˡŮע⵽Էɫˡ
ңܸ𣿡
ˮһοô۰ֻҪңṩõĶڻһٵġҵİ£ȱ˳ȥö硣
ǿЦţĽ˵ԸҲڼ
ˮĿϺתţ
㿴㰡벻ˡţܵѧų޼¡ɣôվҿˡһм¶Ҫء
Ҳģֻ롭Ľ͵ؽˮڻ
ˮһʧɫʹĽɣַˡԭ¹һΣԭµڶεġ
Ҹ㵱ˣ¡Ӧøҵ㲹ɣĽɹִ§Ůǲɿ
ˮ˵ĻŤţյ˵ҵʲôˣҿɲġ
ҪģҶ㻹ʲôȤ㣬Ϊ˹壬㻹㲻ҵôΪս
⻰ʹˮֹͣ˵áΪ˹룬ҿԸ㲻ְ̫
ҲûִˡдϲĽ§˵ĽһеķƺͻȻȫûˡ
һţĽŶ䡢°ͣĺ촽ЩԴǶǴ﷢ġ
ֻôôʵһֱֻһֻɽԽ룬Ѱ̽أûߵšŮϵĺõطһŹ
ˮǿᷳ˺ġһжᣬԼݺ͵λʹ԰ţ߸ϡϾһ٣һϹŮ٣ôһ裿Ϊ˼й壬Լ
Ӧһǣ֪һԽԽ֣һֻץ࣬ŪͷӲˡȻһֻ־ȹһ˷±ߵСϪҪˡ
ˮһ̣޿̡٣ĿȣزţҪȫƿŭʱǼһｫͷ̽Сһôңôޣôࡣ
ŮپԼҪ޻ˣôˮӿ˹Ҫû
˵ָڿ㣬ָСѨʱˮʵܲˣƿŭĽɣ治ˡ
ĽɽǸѨָߣͷţ̾ˮɧҲ㡣ҪҲһεĻһˬġ
ˮһʶهfˡΪ˷κ壬ռ˵ġˡ
ʲôʱҲһΣ
ɫ࣬ŮݵˣˡҿãҲϹ֮˸¶ġİɡ
Ľɵϳʧ֮ɫ
ˮһȹӣִӰͳգﲻףм򵥵޲һ¡
ĽЦһԤУ˯ġ
Է硣ʰѱϣǰزôˣǱϰվŽϽ֮ǷƵġ
ĽɣҪɵ¶ѾˡֵıˡðҶö䡣һǰͬһͬһӰ롣㹻Ļӽ׳ˡ
ղźŮһȣĽɵתҪҼĹ˾һֱԥšҲᡣҶ·ûкӡ󡣡
ˮָֻ˹¹ӣϡأƺղŵûڱʯתתɷǶˡ
ʲôԥģӦǾѵĻᣬڲźдĶ
Ҳ밡Ҹĸʹ޺ᡣĽҡͷ
㲻ļᣬΪΪ˾ܺ߶սĿһУˮ¶һ˿ЦˣջЩƻ
ðɡһᾡġ
ǺáҾûа׷Ѫûаװ١
⻰Ľֱüˣʲôʱٹ㣿
ˮŴ̶ֻܴ
ҵǰѺϹûеôҡΥҵ־ôġ˵ʧȥˡǿҡ
Ľɿһ޺޵˵ҲɣҲʵǿ
ˮ¶ƤЦ
ѾԹĿˣٳԵڶΡԺҲóѡŶһ¶Ӧø㣬ҽҪְˣļΪļ߼١Ĺͣһŵġ
¶ЦĽɵͷǹϲˣ׼١㲻üҵĹֻͣҪʱѹ·ſҺݺݲһپС㿴ҶӲɶˡ
ˮͷ˵ĿɣȻߣǸ
ʱϷաΪˣŮˣȻǸʲôˡ
åҪ꣬תߡߵſڣһְס֣ͷĽɣɫ˼룬빫ɡסú¶кýġ
Ҳչ˺ҵļˡ
û⡣
аÿŮˣҡҲ٣ֻҪ㡣
ҿûӦ㡣
ˮĿ⣬Ƶ˼£ˡ߸ЬٵţöԽԽСԽԽԶ
ĽɸеһĿ촽ŪӺСѨָ̾Ϣš
һҪˡʮ꣬ʮôҪˮŮţùЩ



03 ¶â

ʽк󣬶䡢Ľɵ˸áҡˣҪӿᵽ̡ǻˣûб͵Զۣȥһ
вȫʡɲСȽϳԺ
ƽʱ˭ʱ˵ͰȥߴŭǴǻȭʹͷеķߺޡ
ǽȺǹݺȥĽе㲻Ӧķ֮ϣǿɱȡֻҪһǽͷϺǹʵվߣ뵽Ķʮ꣬вɵһ֮ٶȼ
ҵʱĽɺͶֵһݣ֮С
ңǿļܱȡŴϵˣΪĸӻѧء̵ģӿ£ʮһݣɾ룬ؾء
ңЦݣһһͷһҵĹߣԱģ׳ƴӵѺõشк
ֻ˺ߣȻ֪ͷ
Ľ˭Ҳûͷûк
ڴӿļһ̫ûòˣøƤӣȻĻԺộܽ
ĽԼһ°Ϳ촥ϥˣ˹ͷƵġ
Сӣģһ˻Ƶ
Ļ̌ͷһƣһһһôһվԼǰüۣƲ죬زø߸ߵģĿдߵİƺԼǰһֻϡ
ĽֻһղŴӶԶǸ̬ȡ
ӵӣǳѾþûսȨˡ
ģӹ¡
Ľţֵͷ¡
ķӦӼֱҪˡ
ģ𣿡
ĽɻˣվʹվҲȶԷһͷ
ӿСӵ۾ˣĿдű˵ɱ
˭أһָԷıӡ
ľ㣬µġţһָĽɣеҴ򣬴ؽүүΪֹ
һ£ĸС蹷һҧ
ĽɿǣһȭһȭֻѽѽСӵڵϣģס
ʣµ״еţ˹ˡ
Ľ˫һץס˵ĲѼƵġ֫ţתȦ²
˫һӴƮˤϡ
ѽҵƨɰˤ˰ɡ
ģҵĸ첲ǲǹˡ
һӣ˶ˣҲɫֻж̩ȻԼĴϣζؿϷ
ӱƽĽɵ۾ͨ죬ð
Ļ췴
ңô죿
ҧҲµģҾˣզأҲҪ£һҪţãٱеČ¡
Ľ޿̣һһȭء
һزȭͷһûϡԭһҲġ
ҪΪĻۡһһĽ˵
ǾԿ
Ľ˫ȭ꣬ʵʵ
ҲתŲα仯ˡ
ԿͷҲ֪Ϊ˭Ȳʡ
Ľɳ̱׾ĿٶȣԷˡ
СĽһԷš
һĽСе㣬Ҳµġ
˶ӣһŪ㡣ȭƽӣĽɰԼ˫ȲС
սʮغϣȻʤĽʤȭƳɫʤĽɿһ¶޷ʩչҪǿԻȣԸϸۣȡ
ȺԾԱ߹սʱΪӽкá
ã磬һߵúá
磬ţ°һ߰
һԲĬĬţ磬֪ʲô
ͻȻ䣬һĽ۵ðѽѽģӻ˻Ρ
ԭӿԷˣܷŹĲһšδֲһš
ͨһĽüҧصڵأϵļֱ
µģ˭˭ϷʤߵĹԣ˫š
ĽڵϹʱУһ
ǽƣЩӵСܲʼįҲŰæĽɵϡ
ӿЦµģҺþûôˡҪӳȥģһңЌµζ
ظݣרĽɵԴߡһڱϣѪѪܵģеˡ
Ҳ֣һߣһ˵ȴүʱһԱ߿ߣ͡Цúÿ
Ľɳ׼ᣬһץסĽŲӣ͵һ⧲ĽϣѹϣԷӦȭͷ¡
һȭΣžžһ࣬Ѫʳ㳦졣
үˣһɡ۾﷢
Ҫ˭еČ£žžְ⡣
ҼеČºˡ裬ţãҽ㣬ǵČ١
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˭Ա߿ߣͰ
ңңҼеČµʱԱߣ͡
ĽɴЦµģ硣
뵽ղܵ裬װֱ֣ôӻɢʱʱѡֻгûнһҡ
ʱ򶡵֨ˡ
ֵܣˣٴȥͳˡߣϺ
Ľס֣ӴվһѪ߰ߵģرɲ
ղŶ˭ˣкõģҹĽĿɨɨľսģŵõͷ
ŷֹ˱ж
λֵܣղŵ¾ôˣһᡣԺҶԼˣҪྴమٲɱˡ˭ٸ̣Ҷһ
Щһ֣ɫ࿴Լ䡣
ˣϽо죬λȥƣһĹˣɾͲˡȥſںˡ
ֵܣϽȥϴһ°ɡĽɴӦһȥϴˡ
һ˽ӷ
˵鲻ãû¶¶ʰˡ
Եѵ˼䣬Ūߡ
Ľϴʱ΢Ц
磬𣿡
洺磬Ͱס
ûǳէҪǲļһƷԺô죿ղ踺أȴʱֵɵ̫Ưˡ˾͵ԷʱҪȴѣֱˡֻԺٲˣԺķչ
ллĿ佱ұ֤ԺʲôҪѧĶ̫ˡ
ͷ˵ҵ磬һȻҪ̸㡣ҪһΪƽӹ̫֮ϧˡ
ллࡣ
ղԸûʤ֮ˣΪףֻΪʸ֮ĵġһšһɾԸ㣬Σˡ
ĽֲƽʵѵǰһͷŹ𣿡
ҲҪԵģҪѧòʳķӡ֪һĿġһʮָ£һյơ



04 

ҪȽѵ࣬һЩҪ֪ʶȻٷֵĳطɻβ׳ԷҲҪϰһ¶
ѵһҪʱ䡣ÿѵУϢԷȿʱɶˣˡ
һ뵽ҪǽԺʮ꣬Ľɲʱֵ
俴˵ֵܰҪοɿ¶νʧ֪ǸһǶȿξϴѧѧٱĶûеġԺĳɳá˶ڼĥס䣬ֻݷʱܷɵøߡ
ĽɸмŶ䣬Լĸһ
磬лл㡣Ĺ飬ûʲôܲ˵ġ
Ŷҿ˲ῴ۵ġ
Ϣʱвѡ񣬿Իȥ˯ҲԳɢ˶ҲУԺһһЩеһ򳡵أʹá
ĽǻģͷǴһƬСеģͶʱʱ𣬺Ȳ뿮̾֡ȻȽŻЩھУЩʱɢ
һųϣŶȣеſ忡ЦŨ䴩ŻɫƵԴŵķȡÿĽͶһ򣬱㻶ϲףء
óһ˹Χڵģҧ˵ĹΪ׵ļһһʮĺӣݵģëͷһĴӣб۾
һǶ𣿡ݵĺʵ
԰λݼҵûգÿ㣬ҵÿ򡣡䲻Ǹʵơ
֪˭ҽ죬Ĵ磬˼Ҷϴҽ˭վվţ˭¾͵ù¡һ仰ͿԾ˵°뱲ӡ
⻰ǶţԶųϵı仯ʱƻ̾Ϣļһǿ
䣬Ϊ߻÷ˮģҾ㡣ɣҵĵ̣͵ҵĻҵĹأȻҹǰǲϴأ㡣
ջĿ⣬ʵ㾿ʲôû¶ˣҵͦáƽͣƽ͸һͱ˵˲ӡ
ͷãʹ졣ǼġҾ͸ɣѵġѵһ٣ȥȥҾɱˡ
京ЦҼǵͷһμ棬ǰʶ㰡Һʱ㣿
۾Ե޹ʵģҵȻ㡣㵱Ȼԭġ
лֱ˵
ĹӰҵİֵܴˣѵôˣڻûгԺء
ôһ˵ˣһ˵ԭСܰѹ֣˵ôһأʱͲĽ֣ͣˣ˭ء
·ŭˣ۾ӵ첲̧ȵģʱҪ֡
ںһҳ
ǱߵĽע⵽¶æܹ
˭ʲôҾǣ˭ҪǸҴһָҰԴ
Ľɵ̲ˣֻŶ䡣
˵ɣô죿䡣
˾ʹˣҲǰ״Ҫǲٸһݣֱү˵òã˵ֱӣη
Ū㡣
ЩҲźŪ㡣
ʱҲˣ˶ҲͣˣĿ⼯д󵨵ǰ֡
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㶯һҿǸֵҴģôֵܻҡĽ׹⣬ֻ˵ϻ
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ĦȭƣеŪզأɱͽ̣Ҳںɱˡ
۾˵Կ
˵û⣬ƶǸ̩ɽӣʵѶԸô޿֣Ȼۺʵϵ˶֪Ǹݽɫ֪жԼϾΣ治˵
ʱ򣬾촵ӣ˶һۣߵʡһˡ
Ľʵ磬Ҫļһﶯ֣ô죿
شǾʹɡҪǴ򲻹ҾͲս
Ŷһûм綯أ϶ͬ졣
䰥һ˵겻˴ˣֻ¸첲ˣ嶼򲻹ˡ뵱꣬Ҳ֪˴ټܡҲû˸Ҵˡʱãֻ壬Դ
ϣڼյĵƵҫ£ĽɹŰ䣬ߣ˼ʲô
ͬݵʵʵԲԲġһѪսٲȻˣ˵һ˭Ҳϻϰë
һսĽҲԼˮƽ˷˼֪ԼȿβˣǰмˡԺ˹УǸȱݣҪ˵ʤ̡ԷԼѨԼѽԷ
Ŭȫ֧Ԯ䵱˽ĽɫԸ費磬⽫ͬ˸ߣ˿ʼ䡢䡣
ôԹԵЧԡָ
ʦҪ˰ƽòϰܴ󣬿ûȵĽϣòһ˴롣Ľ˸е̾Ϣš
ֵܣһɴ˾Ĳͦʺġʱҿ⹦ܺöˣһҵ۷壬ڵĵλȾҪܴ򡢹Ӳʹˣòˣھʹɡ
Ľɾϲ磬ҾͰΪʦɡ
æ˵ģԴݽġѧˡ
ġ
˵׹˴ͳĻʵʵսЧһƵУǰѽȭĲ䲻Ϊһ֣ûġ
˵ŻڶΣʾ
Ľɿһᣬƽƽģûʲôġ
ֵܣҡ
磬С
Ľɳȭ磬򶡵š
䲻ŲæȭͷƤʱͻȻͷһ࣬һץԷôһƣĽɼˡ
Ľɲٶȳ䲱ӡ䲻ʱ͵ץסԷָ⣬ôһƣĽɽһغˣû¡
㿴ûУվû
磬ҿˡ⹦ûץסԷһơ
ͷ˵ûйҲôϡľڰϣʹͨǿǰǣ۹Ҫ׼ҪӦҪ졣ЩһУԷӡ
Ľɳ˼ţĥе
ֽļĽɣյϰĽɵգսߡ
ʱĽȭùµį뵽ƽȮһĻ뵽ԼȥҲȥΣ⡣
ߣĿԣоԷֿ塣
Щллˣֵܡ
磬⻰˵ˡȻᣬҲҵļˡҵĴ磬˭㣬ҡʲô¶һ𵣵
ܵ𶯣пҵزᵽ̬ζĶ࣬ѩ̿١ˣ㡣ֵܣĺˡ
һ䣬һ죬һӣҧҵġҶһжгرˡҺûùӳԡ
ĽһĵѵܸʲôʰˣǸ
˯ʱ˶Ŵ˯мһ
˵ƣ־ֺڣҹķسôˣû˸Ҵ֪ħͷǡ
磬ĸˣ㡣
Сӣҿţ㶡ݺὭʮ꣬ˡҿѧ塣СӣŮͨԡҪȤĻԼ˸ɰɡ
һġ
һƬ谵֮У˺ٺЦţǳġ
磬ڽϴƴô꣬һйöŮ˰ɣ
ǵģܶ࣬жٸԼҲ˵塣Ů˰ҲŮ˹ֻ̫صŮˣûк³룬ͦڡûҪŮôݵġֻҪǴԿˡϾ˴˺ùһ
ĽһǰŮܿ
ǣ¹û



05 

ʳóԷʱĽɺͶһϡڳԵĹУļСԼб￴ҧгݣһԹޣȴûһ˿
컹ҶԶֵģ֪أôСˣʲô¶Ľ벻ס
磬ôˣĽָָ
ϸʵسŶ̧ͷЦ
һĽϲ˼һСۡ
֪췢ˣĵܵ˿ˡһ˵
ô¶㵹˵˵һӴս
ϣһҷȾƳߵƧĵطӸסˡɶԷҲ𻰣յͿһؿڣѪܡһȥһûˡԷ˭һ˵ĸˣ簤šɡ
󱻿õڵϣһﻹݣּϿӣϵ·ϡã¶ⶼûкõطȫǵڡѪøƵġںлȥˡ˼ֿһˡ
ûУʡ
ûУֻǸ첲ˣҲˣɵɵģΪˡҽ˵°뱲ֻϻˡ
˭ɵģǺݡʡ
˭֪أ˵ǵѺǸ
ܰɣ𣿡
զˣ˼ϴ˵ʹڵү㿴첻ҵɪ˰ɣ˼ܷܵܣҲܷ
һСĽЩһĵ¶Ƕɵôı£
ص϶ߣʵ磬˵ĵܱܵ˿ɷˣ˵ɵģ𣿡
ǳǳһЦΪأĽɵ֣ߵ⡣Ǳ飬ǲΣɽˮġ
Ľеɻʶػ˴롣
ڶ򳡿ʱҶᡢ߳ʢпʤʤаϻҪ㣬â㰲ȫˣŻˣһУҪҲҪʹٲͷ
Ľ飬ƶǶף䲻޹ʷижԼĵãĬĬΪԼء
˼죬̽࣬ǶȥȻԼ
崩װ㣬һЦݣ»иС̶۾һתеͷ
ֵܰڲߣһ¶һϡ
ֵܣ̸ʲôֻ֣ܷԸһ
ֵܰչҴ硣ǰǵϴе˰ͽ䵽ز˶뼷뺦չͷˡ
ĽɸϽֹ
磬ӡҲҴ磬չӦõġİɣֻҪһţͲ
ٺЦˣһСӵȫЦ⣬Цһ㶼ÿ
ǺãֵܣҷˡҰпʻǮʱá
ĽˣпЦ룬ʮȥ˵׼жˡ
ֵܰ벻ͷһȥġ
˵ĸˡ
ŴԴµɲզءܳȥȫϰˣƤҼĸôɵġҼĸҷƲ̳ȨſϳߡϰͨˣڴӦȰҾȳ˵ϼһôˣ¶ô˭ѪԵˡ
զǵùϲ硣
ɶϲģгķգɡÿ춼Ϊ˾¶æú޲óȡߣ˾ȫҺĴţö¶ñġСӵԸֲãһͳܡҪǴͺˡ
ĽЦǶǵĻᡣ
治ǵϴϣ뷨ѴȳȥȻҲҪŪȥ
ûǸʦ𣿡
զûҰʦſӶ챻̤ˡǸʦ˵İӺ鷳֤ݶ㲻٣ˣиСѾͷҲȥִʦ˵ƾʲô˾ǲʲô֤ݣʦʹ󳳴ֵ֣ʦԴһ¡
ü˵Ѿͷ಻֪ôţѵѵСּٴȣԺٲ˵СѾͷƯ۲
Ľһʵʲô֣
ĴԴ˵ʲôӰ
֣ĽɵһӰʦʲôʦƾʲôҴ˾ǺɱˣʦҲһˣ
ĽɵɫˣæʵֵܣʶӰѾͷ𣿡
Ľɳ˵磬ԼˣɲñһΣաаҪҵǮһʣµһҵļ˺ˡ
ֵܣĺˡĻʥּһհ졣
ллˡ
⵹áչ˺ô磬Ƕõĸлˡʱȥҹܻúһ档þƾܺȣĿܿǾܲ٣ǲŽв׻һء
ĽЦֻµҳȥʱǶɲˡ
գſЦ˾ܵľ档
صңĽɼڴ˼۾гһߡ۾
չңԲ
ǵġ
ЦЦ
ҶԸΪ¶ͨ˫ִ졣벻߳ư뱲ӣͷǱ˼Ūڹ֮ϣȻԼ˶ңʧܣʧ͸
Ľöݣʵʲôˣ
ЦˣЦúܹ죬ء
ϣѪģ治Цų˵ġֻԼâ̫¶˾òģÿˣҸ׳нŷѹֱ䵽زֵܣ㽫ҪΪ䰡
̫ĽΨͷ
´һɨ̬ڵҶ䲻ô˴򵹵ġȻǲԴСҪж֤ԿԲٿش֣Կþưҵʶߡ
ͻȻĽɣʵֵܣҺǼȥˣûȤѧѧ
ѧʲô
Ȼѧı졣
Ľûг
粻ֻдܺͶݡкöĶԽ㡣
纣ˣͣĽɲ֪λشźá



06 Ե

ѵ֮󣬶Ľɷֵ߸㽨裬ũׯءȴǵӰǵĺˮ
ÿ쳵ӳͣϻصҹæµֳʵôæôۣĽÿռ䣬裬սߣ俴ʱʱͷʾ϶
仹Ľɵ쵼˵۹⣬ʱʱ¶ѹ˾ĸſҵ˵ĿǰĽеĽ׶ĽѡһЩ˵ģ֪ͨˮʹǻǳ
ǶԼܣؿƿĽô̽ǰ׷ѹĽʶܵϴȷʵű˲߱ʡ
ӣĽɲûʲô뷨ˮẉ̂ԼѹûԽ£οɻοţգһ۾˶šܣһǹŵûܵ¶Լɡ
ȥأʱˮĹһζ
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ֿڣ谵ĵƹ£һȺȾŽ𷢣꣬ڳǰ棬ĵϵİɫĩĩ٣ЩѾװķĩװá
ҪʱһɰˢͷƤп˵̴꣬Ŀһ˵䣬ҰҹֵĲǣ˲
ˣװˣ
磬װˡ
åһ¶ýţǴϰõܣԴͶø磬Żڻɫǹ˾˼µĺˡ
֮ⷿһѷŻСģصϱֻĸšڿյصһϣż׷ۣǸСվԣ̻̲
ŽʣϽɵľ⼸𣿡
Сս˵ǣǣ磬
յЦҿǡָſǽڶŵʣڹӣ԰ɣ
С۾˵ԣԡ
ԣԡµȻװøԭһ
Сܴеûϵ
Ц֪ϴηֶ˻ҵ飬ҾⷿװϼˣȫλģûǣΪ˷ֹڼֽš
˻һСɫһΣԵڵءЩڳĹܿⷿˣҲľû뵽С
ϽװԿ
СӲúܣǲϡ
ûãôϰ۾ȥȺеǣ߲¶ɫµӡ
ѼӲô˵ˣɡһû죬һϣѲΪϣŸڡ
ءⷿ˲ֹһƾʲôң
ǲײĲᰡˣء
һֻһֻU̲ϣֻ漴Сܰӡӣ·ػĻ档
Сܼˣɫֱ䣬µ֤أأ
Ըһѻùɡ
һСܴһףϵ䣬ʱ׷¶Ŀ
ߵûȥ֣ǲԼ״Ҫڸҵϣ˾ҵǱøˣ
ǸСŵɸͷˣش
Աǿػ͵ϵİ׷ۣʵλ֣˾ǿզ
Աǲɵ׷˵ϴġ
תСܣ¶Цݣʵզ죿һץסСܵĲӡ
Сܲе˵ݺңҸƴˡ֡
ٺһЦЦúУһֻ뻳ͳһذף˵ľУһСܵĿڣѪ˿
СܲҽһŻᶪ۾ֱֱص
Ŀ׹⣬ذһͱţѪϡСһ̱ڵϣ֫ţſѪ
ͬһذȫͱţͱϾǿ
СܺܿԲŹһţʬ߰ģȫѪϺ϶ѪѪʹȸԵø¡ڳЩԱŻˣȶת
øʱѪü漴ת飬佱㹻ףģܸɴ¡ͷҲֻģ翴ħ
ˣذףеɫ˲֪ͷ
ĽɣҪڼҪһ죬һһͱϣҵʹٱ
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ÿڣУӦҵΪæµʱ򣬳˸СĩԣҪǣǶҪѡԵ־ԸҵԺ·
ӰոԼĸ߿־ԸյǷŵš
μϢʱӰһΧǽĻ̳ߣһȽľĵط
Ż̳̺죬ӰţĮʱôãĺòԵı仯
ӰĸͷָһЩŸеУЬӣ԰ɫΪֻϱ۴ȦһԺͼܡĴ磬Ȼڸǲڵ
زǰˣ¹ߣ۲޳Բ󡢱ֱٿ̵۹Ҳ޿ޡǸƨɣȴǰģԲѷʴĿӶˡ
ٿòȻݡ촽ۡȥ˳졢˫۾Ҳ纣ĥ͸
վڻ̳ǰٻΪ֮ʧɫ䣬ǣûûΣÿ춼ǻЦϲģӰѾ̫òЦˡ
ӰҺҰ
ӰͷҲ֪һ˭
һС˧磬ԬУЦݲã־ӱءֻһ۾
˽˶֪СӲֻһ˧磬ǳѧԣʫˡ֣Ǯƣһ˵˭޸̫̫
ԬӰûתǰԵصһš
ӰѾһٷϣҵĵһһ⣬ܰɣõѡ񡣡
ӰûۿҲûнţԾɶԻ
ɣˡ
Ӱһץ飬ԬϲӰûв𿪿Ǽ˺飬һֽ׺
Ӱת˵ҲϲκˣҲٲа˵꣬תͷȥ
ԬͨһڵأɥŮƮ㷢ĳȣڶԲΣӰҲġ
ţӰȥ
һңͬѧǶΧһľȡɻ
Ӱɼôãôƴѧ
ôǾУ
ʲôõģôΣա
ӰôôͿ
ӰһػصԼλϣŽɫµĿУ԰ҲǰЩŮоԼǵĲͬ
ԼҲǵеһڡ
Ӱޱ飬ȭͷ˵ְ֣㲻Ҫ㱨
ϴżǿͺݾٲǰǸˡ



07 ׹Ů

ȫְעĿ£ط߸߾еĽޱȽ
û֣ûĽߣԼ·ֱȡ˽޵ҪѧˣȵǸ߼ʦǰ;ΪٱĽйù˾һʽ
طأֻ²ΪʻİΧУǰĽɵӰӣط˸ս
һ룬ԼʲôµģǼһҪʮأһͷˣҵʱǮȨƾʲôҶһָͷͿԴ
ĽɣҪңֻԼ棬ˣţ˲õˣҲȥѵҪһ
뵽ط㽫Ľɵ£׿ԼӹֻһأͿ¸׷ѩˣٲԱֻҪ׷֣ûźˡ
ٻӰط伤Ѿòѩˣ붼˷ܡ
ҵѩҵŮ񣬲֪ʲô
бط˼ѩط㣬ѩ˿̵Բط֪ˣɫ̻
ʮ»̥һ䡣
ҽ˫ڲĶмɵذš
ҡҲˡ۰Ҫˡ
ѩڲϣŷȣڴʹ࣬亹ҽÿһΣСϰĴӱ㼱زţۻҡ
㣬һҪͦסѾͷˣõ㾢ͳˡ
Сһ߹㣬һвɱĴӣиͷԱԼӣԼѷһ
ѩĽڲﲻʱصšΪĽʱëȻһ˫һգ˹ȥ
ҽԱŬǸӾǳ
ҽô᲻Σհˡ
ⲻ˵ѲҪֻܱһôѡ
޿һѩſķȣӵͷһ룬ͷʪʪϡϡͷ
ȻˡûˣԺҽֻһ
ãٴ롣ټӰѾ
һʿùһѼ򶴿ȥ
޲ҿæŤΪ͸ҵڣȹѹء
ŮڤڤзãŰСʱһٸ˻ߵıʹУӤ
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е칦ϣûʲô¶ܿμӣһȥˣһ³Ϻ̺Եķ˿Ǽ˷
ܿܿŮŮ񡣡
ܿҰ㡣
ܿΪ񡣡
ܿΪȥ
УܿȥЧҿ᳡Щ޵УȻֹҪɶ°
ܿһɫȹ糤·ȹǷƮƮʮ㡣¶Цʹ崿ɰˡ
ӰҪԱԡֲܿ˵ΪⲿϷֻһǣȴΪǣߵĻͲ˿飬ȫǳӰ϶ͬһʵҪܿʹļĻסⲿϷͶʷ׼Ӷϡ
ɻʱķ˿ܿǩӰ칦ᣬǵǣСʱһ۵ܿƣǩֶҪ۶ˡ
뿪ʱܿϳǰӰԲᣬڳ׷׷߽Уһʧءڽǲģ˻Ĵʱ
еķ˿ܿ˽˵֮ǰйüѡܵ˿ĹᶨΪܿǴŮɾһŰֽ
˫ִһʣʵ̸£ΪͷѪһҽԺǸæдɱܿȶȺ͹עȡ
ʼܿǴӸ質Ȼֳɫȴ㲻ϳͣ˭벻ô̵ʱڣٱ죬ɸתӰ
ǴŶëܿΪǸǱˣúھ̫ϧˡԼܿһӰƬΪƷ˫ҵ졣
һСӾ԰һбŮѣ߲黨ǲݣһ챻Ůѷ֣һ٣֡߳ŭ˫ӾʱͼŮѡ
ܿŮѵĽɫԭֻףȴӲĳ㣺ŮѺమʱˮӾǶΡˮͬһˮɲǣˮ䣬СģĹĵزĸ첲ʹȣ崿ף΢΢һЦʱޱȣ㵹
һЦ˲䣬ʹӰΪ֮꣬ӰܿȴӴ˺ˣϵѯۡ
ڶӰС±ߵİŮ˱ݺ裬ŮΪ˱ͨ;޷ʱŮԼֶɱˡÿɱ˺ᴩųȹվ±ߣοˡ
һ˱ɵȫ¶ˡһӾǹ±ߵƽŮعͷ˵ҲߵģҪߡȻһЦЦôô㣬ôʹ
£±ߵķȹȥȵľͷһ׵׺Сڿ㣬һƨ¶˲ˮ
СɫһϴĵӰӰҲԶӰչ˽
·սʱڣһΪ˱ңܣôɱֶθɵߵĵ˽졣ڳ֮ǰ˹ȴգϸǰߣڲŮɫյнڴϿ֮ʱ룬һнԴʵԤĿꡣ
ǶȫˣعܵӢ۰Ļӭɶ˵ĸ鷢΢ı仯ûгס
ӰƬ֮ڴϷϸ塢󵨡͵н񻶵ǶΣе¶ëŮ¶㣬¶ΣԼɼ
žžУ˱ḻ棬ȫɵص㣬Ϊ˲š
ӰƬ汾ڹӳȫڵǽ౾
ӰƬһӳһķ졣УУУ޵Сеܿ˿ʹʧԸɾżⵯеϲΪܿһ漣ͻƣ߳ԼĽ·ΪһСеܿĺߣܡеĴӸѰȫӰƬҪ
ô˵ܿҵ۷壬̶̼ʱ䣬һճСǣ˹ڵһߵԸкǣûκô죡
һƷӮùӰչƬͬʱܿҲõ˹ӰչˣŮ䣬˶Ϊһʱ䣬ӦòԶˡ
ܽʽϣսܿɫۣ̬򷽣崿ţ˸ԣũĺӣҴûһ¡н죬ԸлЩһ·ߵļˡ
˵ŸлĻܿ޲ɷϣһ˿ˣ˺ģң֪ıɱȫ߶ٵƬҲڸյӰͷϣŨīزʵһʡ



08 ȭ

վڿԸĴ칫ңˮʵ̾ԼҲôãۺˡ
Ĺ쵽ٳļˡܸɣʳ֮⣬ҲĽˡץ䣬һ󹦡ٵ乫˾˾ļνףץ˺һﷸӣʹˮΪ
ڴҵУԼҲ⡣⣺ȻǼһռ˱ˣֻҪණȥͲʧͶԵԼϹԵԼڡ
ÿһ뵽Ǽһ֣ǸණԼĽϺʱԼƽˡʱ޵ҧڣʱ־÷֮˵һָоԺٲĻᡣ
˹پǲһȥ˺쵼˺쳤Ǹоˬ
ڰ칫ҵʱ򣬱˶ˮЦӭˮԼҲ緢־ģΪͦţ
쵼ʱ쵼佱ץס䣬˴󰸣ǸøɲԺҪŬ˾ЧΪҷס
ˮǫһֱһ¾ģȻԼʡ
쵼İӲǱô򵥣ˣ̸ڣ۸ӡҪǰߵĶͳǿǸĹ͡
쵼֨
Ҳף쵼Ϊʲô׷ȥ
쵼һȰˮڿɲһļԱˣѾǸ쳤ļˡʲô¶ҪָӣϱлİӵΪֹ𣿡
쵼ǡ
˰֣쵼˵ȥ°칫ҰɣҪԼλ֮װ
û취ˮһ쵼칫ҡȻصԼŴҶͷ˵еӴˣ鵹Ǻöˡ
صԼոµĴ칫ʵתϣˮ˼ڣ״ʼһô죬ĽɼӰѾӶڵҪ鱨θһѹµĸ߶ȡ󹦣ԼλøߣȨ¶
ֻҪԼ㹻Ȩ˭ҵסԼĽŲأ
ĽɣЯ֣õϣùǵзҫ۵Ĺâ
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ʱҴң׹
ڼߣգǿϢһ죬ʲôҸϢһҸ
ʱ򣬷Ժɹ̫ůůģϺϷǳİŮ˵Ļ
Ľʱ򣬿СǶڣһСˣ²̸Ӱǵ¶
˵ڹԸ˵ŮҪܿˡ
˶۾˵ǲһɣ
һۣµôһ϶
ʲôݣ۴򿪻ϻӰ׻
ܿġӾ԰ǶɣܿһˮӾڳر첲ȣزģһһģҼӲˡҲӿ϶ƻôôԲҲеԡ
һЦֿô֪
ۺߵûҲµġ˾Ųʮˮһƶ׼רҵ˶ԱˮεôƨһţҶˡ
ʵƾԸеӰˣ
Աһӹͷֹǲ±ߵİұץ֮ǰÿǶ£̫ջˡȹವһڿ¶ˡڿС¶һƨɣڿ㶼սɹˡƨԲۣ׼ˮڿǰߣǱƵ״ͻˣֻûëòǰ׻ɣ֪ҿͷŶʱˣѿӶŪˣҶҷˡ
˺ЦûϢ
۵ûС˵ˡ
˽ܿǲ֪ɣܿʡˣڴѧѧԶСŮãҴ绹ءǶӣҴѱƶˣҲɴˡûӣȥҽԺúӡ޸Ҵ磬ҴˣŲҪЬһùıһӵˡ˵üɫ裬Һɡ
ͽˣ𣬶תͷ죬ȫǾۡе룬ҪҸһܿٻʮҲɣ˸ɹء
ֻЦЦû˵ʲôҲ֪¶Ǽ١
һС˵ܿȻԸŮ񣬿ҾûһŮǱԸУˡֻܿǺڣ˼ҵĵһӰںƬǣͷ࣬ǳˡ
ǰͷСܣ˵ܿԼҴӣھ˵Ů˸ɫ̾ͱˣɻûڣŻش
˵޶԰ɣܿƯرǸӣԹԲˣ
һͷƬôһΣҹӼŵ·鹵ţӿ϶ܿӴ󡣸ûԶٷˣȭͽٷ˴ڵأֶð
ǸСܵͷԣ˵ʱޱôôǿôɰǴӣģʱĳ
˿ĭа޵ŵӰοպֵĴšҿֻӵйܹϴһֿ϶ղҾΪƬӣ̲סǿġ
˵겻˼صͷ
һ˷޻ǱȲܿܿţӰƬǡɫǶûпɣڵɾƬ
һҡͷһʧ
˵Ƭӵڲҡ
˺ɲզأ˵ԭɻˣܿʲô¶ˡ
Ǹ˵˵ҿġܿӡƨɡɧƣ¶ˡɵĶа˲һ£ܿüëһ£ӺһСһţͷֱ촽ֻӻһҵĶҪˡģҪҸǰҷǲɣ̫ɧˡ
ˣСУð̹⣬϶ǿҵ
磬أûǱǰţ˽ţ˿־塣
һתͷ㿴ȺĽɣȻһ
ЩԾóһĽɵα¶Ű첲ļһ𣬼Ӳ·ŹͭɫĹԡ
ٿ壬ߴΰǰһվɽһΰءٿӢ㡢֮˼еѣʱ׳˶òֻһ㡣
춨ؿɫӡ
Ľɻͬٽ
ģ㿴ɶǲϴû򹻰
첻ҿæŤ𴦡ǵðǰСԺɢӭĽɡһСΪĽһۣ˼һȭɣ߹ǣڵϿ޵ġ
Ϊ磬ɲǱŴģʣµһϣжȡʤϣһȭͷֺֿݣһӣԼСȫſڵϽл˹ͷĹһ
Ƕ죬ĽɸǺ򵹲㣬ٹͷת˼ȦϽġǹڵϿļͷŰȫȥ



09 ڼѷ

ӴԺ˼Ľɣͷɵ¶ӣӵԽԶԽáˣ컹ܡ
һС¸ҵվ˵Ľɣ֪Ǵ򲻹㣬ܴܿǰǸҴģҴ
֣ܿĽһҲĬˣӿһΣյϢڳܵԾȫͷϻʱſڳˣƫֲ֪˵ˡ
ðΣĽЦţͳһ̵֧ϣ˿һȻ˵ҷҷܿǸƨ۵ģԲ
ǾĬȻЦ
ҲûЦƨûһĵСˡҲһˡ˭ദ̫á
ĽҲûֹһųϣһڿڳ̣۾ֱǰܿӰӡµŮʡǴѧٵԸоǡ÷ŮѣమδޣٵԼĳˡ
һб仯ϣһʵҪһж޸ЩؼԵ
ʱʱǼĽɱ̣߱߳üͷŭӣգֻҡҡͷûֹ򡣽ԼʱǸؼð̣¶ΪȻ飬ʾĽɰϨ̵٣û˭ɵôġ
ĽͷǸЦ
һ֣Ľɽҡ
ϻбͷ飬ǡӱĽɣ΢Цֵܣڿǰ磬޵֡챻ǰҴЩأܸӣԽԽдķˡ
Ľæͷӵ򶡵иǫ˵磬ɶǺٻǿ˾ķϣڴϣſ϶òġԼжٽҿġ
䰥һЦҲô˵Լȭܴˮƽʱͨĥ̲ȱ㣬ѾõֲˡаΪ˴·棬ҲԽԽáҸеܸˡ
Ľˣд֡
˵ÿģɫȻĽɲԡ
磬㡭
ûʲô뵽һͷʹ¶¶㷲ʱҲЧĽ취ҡͷЦ
Դ붡˾ҵҪġ֧šڶ˲Ÿɡƣʤβһְ޷һ档ֻǿڼңŹ˾ÿһ·
˶Ļߣġսɱ˾ҵԽԽãȾʤǰԭ˽Ŀ֮⣬ӲƷֲʲôĶˣ󲻶˾һƬڣⲿС
ϲҲбÿ궼мⱻƻֹʧǮƣвֵܱؽȥ
ԡ˶γ£ûнҲǲ֮һѲԼϵĵҪʱε˾һ߽⣬
ǹ˾Ǳʲô𣿡Ľʵ
ȡһֽ˵ϣ˾˽һγˡ
Ľɲݲݿֻֽ䡣ֽġͽģ˹˾жʧ
ļʽףһֱǺܵģôᱻ֪һ⡣¶⡣
ʲô⣿
˾һڹĿƵĽɡ
һĽɲɫ˱ֳ̬
¶ȷʵ찡
һ۾˵֮ǰļʲɼ⣬䱻ҺбĹ˾û¶Ϊõǵ乤ߣ鲻ͷϡԼĴһرǶҪǧСģɻǳ¶ˡЩֻġ弰֪ô¶ԣ߿϶ڼˡ
Ľɶ̾ϢҪ߾ͺˣһץǸڼ鴦涡ǡ
¶ЦŶԷ˵ѽ̫嶯ˡȫ㣬ɲ㵱һֺɱ֡ӦҵĿաԺÿ¶һҪ侲Щ
˵ǡ
˵ȥУڼ˾աġһֱ©¶̫֣ǶӦˡҵԽˡ
Ľһ⡣
Ѿ׵Ҿͻ뿪ġͨ͸򣬰һЩ˽׼ø׵һЩһߡ³ͻȻҵǰˡعͷٰŪȥ
ʼ磬Ľ˵Ա磬ԺͶѧٱ£ҶԽȥˡһȥҲҲڵô͵úͶֵˡôֿҲͦá
ЦˣᴸһȭĽɵţ쵰ʵ̫ˣֱһԴĺˣۺʱεأҶǣⱲиֵܽĽɡץסĽɵ֣ݺݵҡҡ
Դ龰ĽɵС
磬һڿӣذĽɽߣ˲֪ô¶
һʮӣһݣͽһһ쳤ˮ
ʱȥ꣬ûϺʲôۼǸޣ죬߹ˡ
ǽ촩һ°ɫȹԼڵʵʵͷͷϣ滯˵ױźȦĿ
ˮڳɳϣָָ˵ɡãϹҵЦݡ
Ľһߣˮϵ̲סǰȣ
Ц绨촽ˮ˵벻һеɣ
ԼϵĻҳ㣬ٿ׿Ⱥˣز
û뵽û뵽ôͺҿˡôװôãҲ£ɵɶ¶Ҳһˬ
ˮһۣ㰡ʲôʱûġ
Ľһס֣Цʵ˵ʲôʱҲһΣ˯һϣ
˵֣ˮŲһӣ˵һҲϲ㿪Ц
֪ôģÿҼͶӲòˣһƷй
ˮŰߵô鹷´θҸŮ˸ɣ˰ɣ¶
ĽɵĿϺɨɨȥô¡׾زҲǸ߸߹Ĺģ·ڸǵЩطرǰˡ
ҲɱŮˣֻ㡣
ˮϴŭڵվ˵㣬ˣåģǰ¶Ժ󣬲׼ٶԺ˵˵Ȼһ㷭ġ
ĽɹһЦ˵ȻǹƢǰûôߵλʱҲġŮţƽӹһɰ
һˮ˵˵ǲЩûõģ˵¶ɡ
˵ˣءĽЩ᲻Ȥ



10 

ˮĿʡ
ṩ鱨мֵŴƻ˾˽ﰸӣɹش˶ǵ档νγ˽Ľףǵץο˾ԼĴӡҪ˾Ҫõ䷸ȷ֤ݣðǹУΪ
ĽɿЦô¶Ҽ̵¶ʲôʱ䰡
һ⻰ˮ˷ܾ룬˵¶ҲһֱƶţġҪܳɹ߽㲻̣ͷš
˵ɫãֽ˵кϢĻһ֪ͨġȥ֮Ҫ뷨ڵĶܰѶصá
ĽüջǵͷðɡĶһġ
ҪסͶһߵ̫ߣرҪ֪Ǽϸйܣ᲻¶ɫİɵ֪ôġ
Ľ˸ں˵Ҳǻá˭ҳֵء
ˮȻŭһӣ쵰ôô롣ⲻǳԼֵܣΪǺܳߵĹ˵һϴ󻹽ʲô飿
ĿţţӿšĽɲ£е㴹ߣ޵֪㷢ʱˡҪ裬ѵֻʣڿ㣬һ˷ġ
ˮһߺһָĽɣСåǰ¶֪ÿҼϹﶼεúܡ
ɳһĽ˵ʲôεģҲûҲٽȥ㻹ǺܴŮ˰
ˮðɣվŭˡ
һƨȫˣױˡҶԲϹ˵ˮ˿ǻ
Ľɴ棬ԭΪǸһǿĸˣ˰죬Ҳдʱ򰡡
ȻѾˣͲൽװɡɳվ
ˮģץϵĿιʲô
Ľһ˫ۣɫЦǰû¶ɡ룬Ҹȥʱһܿ
һֻܾһˮһڵſڣͷЦĽɣʲôˡǰûʸҡڣǸ쳤ˣûʸˡĻúΪ¶ȡճȥǸʱǸĸƵһ°ͣȥ
Ľʼ磬ûʲôӦƵĻƵĳ棬Ѿ֪ݶٴˡ
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ߵ죬Ǹ޷˵嶼̫ˣȵˮ
չרЩͻؼһĽЩַɨԡҡ
չ涨ÿܶҪһδɨģνաʲôҡȡ칫ҵȴҪϸĵʰһ顣
ͺСҲһɨԡңԶĽɶرע⣬ơĽҲû⡣һѾԼˣǻսƢٸǿɲǹ½үôˡ
֮ǰĽɵͷĶ˵ֵܣءǺڡ
ĽһĿŶϲȺдţֻǳȥһ£ûʲô֪һȥء
һ뵽ͶദЩӣ뵽´μ棬˵ʮ֮ﲻζ
ָʮӣŴϼʧ˵⹤򶡴ӦѾ˰ɣףһ·˳硣
˵ΪԽ˾˼ɱͶʽֻΪ̳ȥֻҪˮУ˳ȥΪصԱæǮʹĥʷκν׶Ρ
Ľͻһ̧ͷֻһҺ
ƾűܣһֱݣһ֮ʹԭᡣڴͬʱһɷ涫˽ʹ嶫
һݣԼûɱҲи࣬ôŸߣû֪ҪɱԼ
ȻĽˮľ棬䲻߻ȥѵԼ¶ˣߣǰŸߣžͰҪɵԼ
󺮷ϮĽɼæһ㣬̽󱳣ʹһгҧԱš
ĵӣȻֹһѣ
˭ʲôĿĽתͷʹӽ䱸
Ľɣþˡڵˡֵǣϡ𣬡ˣˣ㣡
Ľ֪ҪɱԼģˣŵǺǵζЩһ׼꣬Ҫɱ˷ʬͶףԼȷʵΣˡ
ûս
žžĽϰ˺ö⻹㣬СŵʱΣյġ
ƾŸоεӣ۾ϵĶûɶҲ
ĽɶӺ£ְʹ顣ţţ۳վסˡ
죬л˵Ϊɶǵջأ
ЦĽɣ㲻ǰҲ֪ˣʱ̫ˡ
ʲôǵҪǽǿվ
ʵɣҪĲҡֵǣ·
һŲ𣬺
Ľɼˣֻһһ
һӭϣʩչڵȭɱڡ
һȭһСܵϣںɵİ׸ϡһعǴ飬Ű£Сܲҽһأֽͨţˡ
һһСȭ߹ǣƤʵһȭ׼һѪСûгԶڵϡǿ˸Ѫ
ȭֱӴˣ˶ŴˣĽɵȭͷԽԽǴ񹷣Ƕģôû̶ֳȣȻһȭͰ˻⻹
ɲʱʶԼ㣬ҪɱĽɣֻΣգȫҪжľ
ȥɡĽɷһţ˫ȭšһȭȥмٽ已̥ܵˡ
ܿ죬Сܱʬ塣
֪ĽɵȭͷתΣ֮ͻǵʼָŶԷλá
Ľ˫ſʱûˣһ
Ľɣȥ
Ľɣֻųһ亹ֻӦ䣬ȴ֪һԾǲܣֻͼոͬھ
Ȼȴ;ȻֹԤеһҲûܹ̹Ľֻһ죬ûϢҲû룬ȥȭ鼱ƴѾϴǿ
ȭʲôȭ˳ȥĽɽ⣬ʹͣ˻ΣЩˤ
֪˶ã˷סǰֽ۾һ˲䣬Ľǰָ˹
ֻСڵϣˡؿڰݣ۾ͷѪԱһվţֳȴǶ䡣
ؼʱǶһȻһͻͱĽɵѣҪ



11 ޳

ȥЦøп⣬ֵܣҲ鹣ǰߣž£ôðɣ
ĽǰŷֶѪȻһﲫԼȷʵ˺Щ˿ڣѪԼմҲ棬ôϵѪԼϵĻࣿ
ô¶磬㲻
ˣ
Цһڵϣɫ԰ףĽſѪǴԼðģüطڳѪҪ˵ñԼضˡ
Ľ§סļ򣬼ʵ磬㲻ôֻˣô˵ģкᣬһʹ
Ҳǲߣ߲ˡ
ȻһЦ˵Ҹղŵˮ·ϺȻðˣ䲻ͱҼʱҲ֪Լ˼ˡͷǴɱ֣ٺ٣ҲˣҲ֡㡭áüһѡԽ˵ԽԽ
磬ҽ˾㡣Ҳ֪²ĽɱŶ䣬ֹסڶϡ
Ҫˣ̫ˡʱҲŷ֡Ⱳӡʲô̫ˡһƷ⣬ȴˡű˽д磬ʵʲǸܡӳͷ˾Ǹֵܣ㻹ᣬýǣǧҪһ
Ľɿ޽е磬Բ𣬶Һ㡣
촽˵¡ҽ֣ע㻹ǰ;ѵĻ᲻˷ѡ졢ߣˮ˵ߡҵģ壬ǡ
һֱĽУһľˣǻۡ۹⡢ؽദĽóϷڿʹʡ
ҲߣҪչ˶硣
ɵӣ˵ɵˣ㲻ꡭ˺üˣѵ𡭡߰ɣ˾ˡΪҲʼɢȴ֣Ľ뿪
磬㻹оȵģҲߣҾ㡣
ĽɲԸߣһƣĽĵײǴڵϵ͹࣬մһء
߰
ųѪ˿ڣŭӺҪ裬㲻ߣ𣬺һ𣿡
ĽɿΧһصʬźͣٿ䣬飬ĵ磬ˣⱲ㶼Ҵ磡ҳȥ֮һ㱨𣡡˵꣬Ľҧ촽ȥ
ſڣĽɻͷһĵԡңȾܣ
ƺҲƽԺﵽǿغ;죬Ķˣȴˣ죬Ľһ·ײײؾͶ㣬ż˾ݴԡ㣬ȻҲһ·ƽûʲô˿
ԡҺһ¥ţƹ¥ǽͿϱ߲ԶˮˡһСɫͷһԲι塣
һɫĴֹӣһͷڵϵ«ڣһͷ嵽޿ϣؽšڵվţʱĽ߿ˡ
Ľɿϲʹˮȥ
ʤǰϣǰֻҪ˳ˡ
Ҳɣڵ֮ǰҪһһ̤ϵ棬복ֻ׾ʱôӶ߹죬ֻмԶˡԼſΪ·ţټԼĿǰ
ֻҪ쵲סһʣٽһɤӣĽⱲӳ׷ˡ
һᵽɤϣУô죿ô죿
Ľһᣬܹܵˮǰ룬϶ԸٶȹʣȻԼʮ˲
˼룬ûжһͷ߹ȥˣڳȻɫ·Ƶҫ£ǵıӰôԽԽԶ
ŻˣȻ𰡡
Ľ¥ԽԽߣΧԽԽ󡣽ţӲֺͬöˣŻ¥ȥ
ѹĽһӴڽʻ֪϶ǶǱˣô󣬶״ʿ֪
Ǳ߻ԽԽ󣬿ŨлϴȻ޽Զ
ķƺԼܳԡңĽ뵽䣬һ¶Ҫɤۡ
«ߵˣֹӰγ˾ĽɣüҲû˵ʲôʾϳָָ޿ڡ
ĽɱźߵȥŴޣ˼Сĵؽ˳ȥȺͳ㽫޹
ӵ˵µˮϸǡһʱҪ顣ƫ޿ԶһЩðͷˮȻǾ군ˡ
⻰Ľÿ࣬뵽ԼϳѪ˿ڣݵЩˮ֪ʲôҲû취ֻ¶
ſͣ£ʼ飬Ѹ飬Ȼֹ죬һĥˣһ޿ڣ޹ֱԣ̫ĳˡ´
ϵľǺЦ𻰡
ϱߵľͳֵͲգ˼ܲʲôʲôЦһͷҲˡ
ŽŲ³ˣ³˺üڡ
Ľɿ˴ˡ㵽޿ڴֱߵļ⣬Ϊ˰ȫԴˮϢ֮ࡣˣͷ¶ˮ棬һִţһĸо
˾򾯲˸кС˳ǰǽ밲ȫشˡ
ʱĽɣķŵ
Сʱɣͣ˾۳Ľ³һڻĽҰ⣬Աһˮӡ
˾Ҳ˵ϳˡ
Ľɴ󾪣еιιιǸɶⰡˣզ찡
ԶȥˣĽزµĵƮţȻļžδ֪Ļ𶡵ĲĽᣬһˮߣȥˡ
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ԵǵĽȿĴԴ
ôǴأ˵ǽӴ
һҲӳ㣬ޱ飬ġ˵Ҳһ
ֵܣˣ̫ˡղŰҸŻˡץסĽɵ֣ӿݵϳϲ
硣
ϴδĵطԼҽԺ
ĽɣңҴĶȥˣļڴС
תͷģˣ״̬ãȥưɡ
Ĺִ˵Сѻ˵ף׼Ρ
̶۾˵ģҵĻˣ
ĺߵǵһȴ¶ҹܲš
ֱӣĩ˵ͷģǷˡת˵ֵܣ˵˵Ҵɡ˵꣬ˡ
廹һˮιˮȡ
ˮ¶ǣͷԺãѽ¶һ飬ڶһУøΪϸ
Ľ֣ľˣŴ죬ͨһڵϣ޳Ȼܡ
ĳȥס
ʲôȥ
Ҫһ֣ɱǱǹɸӣҲҪѴȳ
ôɣȲ磬ĵ֡
һ޳
ҽѾ׼ˣĽȥˡ
ĸҽʡ
Ȼҽˡ
Уҽôβԡ
Ů˵ֶ㻹֪𣿡
ҷԡǻҽɡҪ͵Ǵ磬ֲ
ǿεľôҽʵģͰŴһҪ͵ģԽģӣѵץ𣿡
ڶ˵ִУĽ飬أιȥˡ



12 ͷ

ѹʱĽ̨ϣһ˿ҡ
ǰֻһŮҽñӣ״ӡ
״ڸǲ˺ġȣֱ顣ز߸ߵģɽͻƨɴ󾲾ģа
ٿķۣƵıӣеĺ촽ò˵һԿܿӰˮһϸ£ıȱ㡣
λ䣬Ա
ʱĿһĽɵϺɨڿˣʬ塣
ĽɻֱƤ񣬾ʵ˭ʲô
ŮҽһѷĽɵϱȻţȷһ㡣
۾˵۾ʱͲˣһж᲻һġƮƮģ鷢һ
ҪеѡĽֻߣһͷһƣĽֽ²֪״̬
ɥʧʶĹУĽɺ۾˼ңһһͷʧֻʣһ
ԼԽ뿪ӴٲǰǸˣһ㣬µԼصȥĴҪһиı䣡
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֪˶ãĽʵȫľһܶԶҺСר˷ָ̣ͷ϶űУֱԼҪˡ
ʱĺ嶼˿ƵϲŭҲ˵
嵹飬סظĽ˵˸ǣپǺȾơƵ¶ûʲôġ
ĽɿڲܱȻĻˡ
λҽÿ춼أûһ֮⣬ԼƷһ
˶ʮ֮
ĽϿԴ·ˣƺûʲô仯ֻǰ˿ҽãȥ̺ۡϵıûв
ʱĽѾڷ߶ˡû˷Ϊֻһˡ
Ľץסĸ첲˵˵
ֵܣ𼱡ò˼죬ͻָˣʲôܸˣŮ˶ܸɡ˵ŻĽһͬڴϡ
ֵܣ벻֪ߺ󣬼ʲô¶
Ľɵͷ
ֳôˣǱ߶ͷ˵ﷸìܣ֡ű˵¥յ˴룬ʮˣĿǰȷˣĸСܣĽɡ˵Ц
һƬԻĽɰ룬ţôˣ붡ԼѵڻУ˰Ϊˣ
Լ뿪ʱϢ٣ĪǡΪڻԼǰǰѻ𣬰æʬ𼣣᣿
̵Լ꣬ʱԼһΪԼ룬ʦƴȸȻǰһ̣Լı㣬ôһ·
뵽ʣ뵽Լչˡ࣬ĽһᣬȦһ죬Ҫᡣ
ˣæȰֵܣɱްҽ˵֮ǰ׼ᣬȻӰЧġ
Ľǿ̱ˣȥ
ֵ֪ܣʱִ粻ˣΪԽˡҲûϢڸصľ춼æµ磬˵ǾߣҲҪѴ˵Ц
аԽЩǼţֽڽȥǽˡⷽѹͦġ˵ûĶȥǵϣڹ˾ءҺж֮ǰ׼ǰѹ˾ɵĶŪˣȻǲʲôΥģԲ˶ߡ
һλҽϢؽˡǸװ磬һף޿˪
ķȳƣȳԲ·ʱزŤзϣֻĿһûů
忴񿴼һվЦⲻ
ֵܣϢһͷ㡣
˵껰һˡ
֣һ첻µزµĺӣôһŮģ
Ľʵ벻ףŮʲôµġҲûˮҲ
λҽҲֻǶĽɿǵؿǴӸǶȣӸλͬؿϳ˼š
˫εĿʱʱʼձһ䡣
˰Σ㽫õƷҴҽ·ϵһ̱˵꣬һҲһʵĲˣ뿪һﲻ¶
⻰Ľͷԡ
ҽֲңֻҸĶŽƷʲô̱˵ġٹ꣬ŮҲԼıġ
һ룬˵Ǹ첲ϣѾҽˣûǰһӡҵûˣΪʲôôϣѵϳ
ͻȻ뵽˵ŮǸҽʱȻ򣬶ƻܣһԽΣͷ棬ҽʦ׼ˣֻ벻㲻㣬ЩĻò׼ԼûϣȴԼײˡ
Ͳ֪ҽԼʲôӣ
ѵְ죬ߵһڵˡֹҽˣġҲڳ
ڲ֮ǰصذһӷڴ̨ϡ
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ҽһۣɫ졣
ԹԱ죬˵ȫȻûƽʵĴֺ
˫ɴҽ˵ʧΪɹ֮ĸʲô⣬ΣһؾˣԼϼʮصĲˣҼöˡ
ĽŮˣֻڲ޵еĺ촽ͷͼҵزѰ״Ӷϸߡ
һȦȦɴ򿪣®ɽĿ¶Ľʲô˳ȥԴڴ˵ˡ
һϱ֮˫۾ʱˡ
ţҽһȻЦ⣬Ȼֱˡ
۾ֱſ
վ߽Ľɣϴżֻš
ʹĽɵٴαһҪ⡣
˼ۣ˿ıѵõ˱ˡں֮⡣һԵˣŹص졣
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ҽ˫ϸţӶͷ£ÿһطԵ֮⡣
ĽҲû鿴˼ʹӣֻ٣бһ´ǰľӣܹȥ
֪˼һָָ̨˵ȥʶһԼɡ
ӵıƵģĽɴڵǰһ򣬲סˡ
յŨüۣӥڣͭɫüĿ㣬šʱеСⰡ
˭ĽɰһЩġ
զӣҲϲӡһڣĽһ
ŶɤˣԭϺʵǴֲڼɳƣôôŤ
߹§Ľɵļ򣬰οֵܣҲϻ㲻ͦҴ𣿡



13 ת

ĽվӣѹôԼڵӣͶ߷񣬲ûôףôᡣĶ䡣
ֵܣԼɣ
һļǸ˵ԲˣûҾԾıĳࡣҲ硣Ҳǲѵġ밡ǴӼӳģҪǲıòױ¶ġ㲻¶ⱲҲûӴ󷽷سȥˡ룬ǻöôһӣһˣһݻˣٲõĻ¶˵ǲǣ
磬㲻˵ˣҶЩ
ĽЦЦЩӦζžеԼԽԽİо쳣ӣһʱҲ֪˵ʲô
ĿŮҽɫ䵭ʲôףǳ̾
ҽϵж֣ΪɶǵðֵҴӣ㿴ֵܸģܰ
ҽ̶ţЦǵָҪʲô𣿾˵һͨУҾͦͨģָ˧ģһ˵Ҹ»ԡ˵ţվ
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ҽ˵֮ͦǰǻ޵ͦģԺǾͿԾ磬ԻؼЦˡ˵ųȥ
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һ죬Ůҽˡ
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14 ѧУſ

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Ҷ˵𣿡
˵ĽɹƽԲԲСã͸ոֺ𣿡
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׼˵ԲԲæ裬ᡢۡ
ʲô˵ģСʲô벻ġҲˣ㻹涯ˣ
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ʲôͬǴѧֶǸɼְġ
ҾöԲҪ֪Ҳȡ
Ҳ֪ʲôģҲûں
ЦҪӹȥ͵ͷ϶̡



15 Ƶ

ЦƨҲһӡ
˵ǿûˡûţҲȢšǸɶԲԲҲϻ𣬽Ϻúλֵܣ϶ǿˡҵֵܣֻǳ˧Ҳ൱˵á
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ˮƾӨ͸׹£һӶյġĸðƮŲ㣬˵θ
ѾʽΪҶﳤĽɣлۿλŮѧλͬƵŮ
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ҶﳤڴأԲԲڵϣ˫סһǸͷģķĿֹ
СڻȵĴʱʱɵţʱʱߣţҶﳤеһʣˣСֺı飬еæǿпơҪ±ǿɶˡ
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ҸѰɡѾܾûŮѹ·ˡ
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ҶﳤԲԲߣȹ»¶С塣׾ȳƣС磬ɢŵԡ¶
Сϣֻһǳɫ¿㣬ϴһϸϸơǵģ˫ϡֱΣһ¡ıֱ䣬һԵ鹵䲻羲ľĶǣҲж֮
ٿڿ㣬εģƨɶýġƨ䲻Ҳǽʵεġܵĵط¶״һɰͻա



16 Ļ

ǲ̫ˣǲǲ羲ˣԲԲ˵ĿԼϱߺ±סҵʡ
ҶﳤЦˣһָԼµ⡣
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Сľɬ̬֮ҶﳤΪ𺳣Ϊһ뵽ԼǰŮܿҲƵ̬ƵģǶôԼԼԷԼһ
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һ㰡۵ġ
ûӣժֻڵжôɡСͷɫġ
Ҷﳤһֻץһöٵţе԰ָŪͷɦֹ
ġԲԲüţŤӡ
ͷҶﳤһͷӤһ˱ûŮˣжܣһְֻץɸ״һֺ콻һλá
ҪԲԲˣСź˵ҪˣҪҪˡһֻץסӣٵŪţһֲֻŪŵǴ鷺ĵĺ󣬼Ϊˡ
Ҷﳤϰݣһ򣬾ͰͣͷӲϴһˮ⣬ԲԲŤΣ˫ȽŻĥţ૵Ҷ磬Ů˰ְ
޿֮£ҶﳤԲԲ׵ϡӺԲԲ䴲ʱ£ҲŻ˻Σͦ˵ġ
ͦһ󼦰ͣҶﳤȥǵڿ㣬ʹطйľһ
ԲԲڴһ˵Ҷ磬˵ǲԽġ
Ҷﳤһ㶣ˣԷȷʵ˵ֻ
һСģµĻɶ
ģҲ¡ҿñķʽʹ˿ԲԲĿĿᶨڴϣ˵ֻӲػζţֻеʻһɰ
üҶﳤе㲻죬绨Ůֲʹظɣ˭Ҳ
ô˵㻹ǴŮˣ
԰
һģŴŮѵѶø𣿡
ԲԲм͵רŸĴŮҲɹֻĳԭûӡ̶ǽʱٰ׸ҵİ黹ġ
ҶﳤһЦ˵⵹ʡ㿴ôѹô죿
ǵǮȻҪˡҶ磬£Сøȥ𡣡
û취ҶﳤڴϣԲԲ˵Ŀ£һ̶ֹסӣһɧŵͷһ¡
类һֵУҶﳤ̲סһ
ԲԲ꣬Ѹڶһ£ˬҶﳤ߽вϣҪԲԲıôģǵˮʱԼķӦ
ˣǾҵţӷŵţҧšֺֻмɵ˵ĴڲࡢƨϡջϻţŪҶﳤεͽУûˡ
ûԽ쳣УҶﳤŪˣæֹͣǸɰɡ
ԲԲһվڿˣһ˿ˡסӣӣںһСѨһЩˮĨھջϣùͷѨϣȻ̽ƨ½ջף˼Σûнȥ۵ԲԲüġ
ˣȥ
㲻Ǹɹٻ𣿡
Ǹɹٻأ̫ˡУɡ
Ҳܽȥǿԡ
ҶﳤԲԲƵٸ˫ȣԼţͦǹʹ̣ûȥ
˰ɣɡ
ٵȵȡЩˮĨھջϣָͷչţһ𲽼ָͷѾջſһ󶴣ȻͦŹͷͲȥˡ
ˣƨҪˣҪѪˡԲԲſǻе
ûѪûѡܿˡ
Ҷﳤ鶯ţֻİҲҡţó˵Ĳˣ䲻ѩľףҲ˿ڸ񫡣
ٿԲԲı飬ҲɳתΪͣΪɣ촽źһ
Ҷﳤ֪ˣӿٶȣֻץӰţƨʶţ͸İŮӵĺšǾջ·ʱأʱ¶źۡ
ɵʱҲע⵽ǸСѨëģûëɼİ׻Ҳܿͬġ
ھջСѨҲ΢΢ſۺģ۵ģϱߵСһˣſˮءǸҲΪӲ
Ҷﳤһ߸ţһֲŪˣСѨŪ
ԲԲŤϸͦƨСеҶ磬ҪҳӶˡŶﰡѵġ
ɣб˸ˣ
еģֻܸɡ
ҶﳤظţǸСѨ˴⣬˵Сӵˡ
Ҷﳤ̵̫ˣûʮӣ⣬ٶᵽߣƨһתţͻԲԲɵҲţƮɤӶˡ
Ҷ磬ҰɣҵСҪˡ˫ߣ˫ץŴ촽ź٣ʱ
ûҶﳤ侫ԲԲһ߳ˣСѨһȪˮӶʪˡ̼ˣӣȥظʮ£Ȼһ嵽˵Ǹʹ쾢ͱˡ
ˣˡడ
ҶﳤѰӳʱջΪһ޵ԲƵľҺţһ׻ġ
֮ԲԲ޻Ŀһ
ҶﳤһηйܶˡԲԲԱߣû§ŮӱϾԼŮˡ˴ܣҲ޹ء
һҶﳤǿԲԲСѨŮеζܴ̼ͷţҧţʹոոɺԵСʪ
ԲԲŤƨɣҶ磬Ūˡ
ֻ棬滵ġĿ̧ͷĿԽֻͦεӣŮˬĴ顣ĿţϢԼķԽԽء
Ҷﳤָˣͷɴ̽ѨţߵԼĳ谮²䶯һָջͱš
·ϵͨԲԲķƽȫŤϳʭһܡ
ŹҰɣҶ磬һ򼦰ͣһƨۣһκˡֻҪŮġ
İɣҶ粻ǿġҶﳤӦƵĻش˵ú޳⡣
һҶﳤԲԲڳʽСƨɣԼӺ߸ɡ
СƨƻһԲƨĹĵģܽաҶﳤһֹ⻬ഺŮǶˣ˭˭ɰ
ںƣӣҶﳤӲİٶȲջСѨҲһһض
ؽȺԲԲԺʱҶﳤͻȻγӣѸٵشСѨ
ԲԲһƨɣеΪҶﳤãγ
ϣòʱҶﳤһͷҰޣôܷ⣿



17 Դ

ҶﳤڵԣŮټѹȣлһаŮô󣬶޷ıпʵ
Ǵͷ˳Ѩڣһϰ·ǴŮĤˣŮɩΪĿ¶
Ǵǹˡ³ˣҶﳤͱ˼£ûơ
ڷɵһַ̣ԲԲЦ
㲻ţ˰ɣ֪Ϊɶûҵ˰ɣ
ҶﳤΪգסԲԲƨɣһһػţûнչ
˼˵ĴŮĤ𣿡
԰ȱŮӵĺöࡣҽ˵һ˵ļһﶼûõģǶļƷ㶮˰ɣ
⻰Ҷﳤĺʤ֮ġΪһӺŮǰ
Ҫǰ̴أ
ҵĴŮ͸㣬͵ˣ˺ˡԲԲƵŵ
ðɱڡҪۿҵļô̴ôٽČµġ
ԲԲһһſȣһϤļơĨ֬һˮ۾ſյˣƵζССӣ컹ţƲţǳЦ
ҶﳤſŮϣ±߲ȥ۾Ƶģ˳ؽš˫ְӣдӲƤˡţ׵öԷֱתͷ
ͷ³ҳ
Ǵ飬Ҳ֮
ðɣǾͽʷԵһ̰ɡҶﳤͦŰӣϵعźĤûЧ
ҿ˰ɣûõġ
ҶﳤܷŹûᣬӣԲԲߡ
ԲԲ³࣬Сèʳ֮
崿ŮͨС죬żʵҶﳤܿЩ£յ飬Էĳǹɱ߸ɽ鱩ΪһɿµȥټŮڼ˵ãǰӸǿţӲӲơ
ʱˣҶﳤ֫գ׮һŮѨȥ
һѪʳԲԲҽһ͵س鴤һ£ứӿһࡣ
谡ˡһУֱе쳹Ƶꡣ
ڵ庰ֵܣŪ
Ҷﳤȥ磬û¶Ůܾһصġ
һű߿ˣȵҶﳤôô㲻Ҫǿ顣ι㻹ۿ˵ԲԲСѨ鶯ţˮѪϸǺһƬǿǴŮı־
µл˵𳳳ͻġҶﳤƨʶţƨʱʱɵģɵԲԲֱߺߣΪֵܵ
ԲԲ߽еҰʹ
ҶﳤƨǣеҶﳤû𣿡
ҶﳤͷЦҸˡ
һƣһֻӣΪŭһһģͷô󣬼ġ±ߵëö࣬ϱˮδɣڵƹġ
ͦأʲôЩûһö˼Ҿ϶˵ˣиČ£ôôˡ˼ԲԲ뿿Ůš
ûҶﳤ˵ʲôߵٺЦЦôίôɶ
Цɶ壬ҲͷһţǸñúҸŮˣǵó档
ĿظɨţЦǸģզǸñˣ˼Ҹɵ˼ҵĺ¶ˡ
һ⻰ǰһֻԲԲüͷչĿһˬ˫Ŵţţ㰡ø磬Ҫ崵ֵɣȳþһţҲ˲εǰ
˷𾲾֣˵ǽɡһŴɳһɣֱţƣᣬȥ׽ʿһ۳˽š
üְͣҪь³Żˡ
ץĴӣЦ˵ĻҸ㻻Ƭµġͦ
ŤŴƨɣЦǺðװͣ㻻£ˣ
ھͲˣôˡ
޼ɵظţǱߵҶﳤÿһλͷĴƨźڼͣˮϴ衣ǵǼ
ŮѨãֽůֶˮŪÿŪһ£ˬֱมҺһΣȻеͶˡ
ܿ죬ҶﳤƣԼڴأԲԲԼϣǶ˸¶ԲԲȻֳϲ࣬ߵ۾ֻнرţܾСӡ
ŤεľԲ󣬱ƽ̹ƨĲˣҶﳤ͸ԲԲûӣԲԲˣҪˣҪˡ
һɡԲԲڳɹƣƨɣײײƨɶˣȻһڶӵ˴ŮѨԲԲſڵϣӡ
Ǳߵֵܣģͷһγ͸˸Ůң˼ˢˮˡ
һºڼͣЦˢˮӪˡ
ҶﳤЦԲԲСѨѱ׾ҺкòԺ
ԲԲ˵Ҷ磬ûӣȫȥˣҪǻô죿
ҶﳤԲԲԣ΢ЦϾ£Ѹʡֵܲۡ
ԲԲվһһյرȥˡ
ǱߵľѻƣΪ泯Ҷﳤļ˶һţһ˵
ǲ֪ԲԲѸʱͿʼˣһֱܶġΪ˶ũ壬ȱǮΪ˲ҵʱ䵽򹤡ԲԲѣӱĹǮ٣ųְ
Ϊ˶Եѣһߡ벻СˡԺôѰ˵ŻӲͣضϵֻԲҡֻӸǻε˷
ҶﳤѲⲻóƽˣ
ְô̴ܴĴŮĤأĿɨһǸѪĶǶˣԱ̧ͷ̬
ҶﳤͦͦӣȻҵĶģҵŮ... ἰܿһʹĿڵŮÿζܲˡ
Ǹӣ΢ЦҵˡԲԲѶٴκ͸Ǹɲһξ͸ɴҶ磬㲻żɵòʵɵ㰡˫Ŀų
ץһѴӣץþһ˽Уʲôô³
ҵ棬ֵܣһԴ׵ġ
ԳЦţЦôӿҫۡ
ҪϲңұҵˣȢҰɡ
һڵģнûģҼ޸ң
ʲôҵġֻҲɾˣҪȢңҿ϶ʵʵӣñӵġ
ЦҪҵʱһŲžͦӡ
ɵúðӸɵˡ
ĸ߳ˣһ
Ҷﳤ˽ϴȥֻܼëӳСѨ¶һţѨıԵмֺˡˮڵó棬Ƕ²ʵˮܣϵˮ



18 ȺƮ

¶·˯ɣȥﰡ
ЦţܾȥаȥˣѧУţǸýȥˡ˵ˣѻ㰡ԲԲҲҹ֮ǰλȻܲҵġ
ԲԲû˵ʱҶﳤĿдŶء
һǮ˵Ǵ򳵻ȥɡ
ӹǮЦ磬ã˵üġ˵ˣҵȢҡ
ٺЦţ˵զأ㻹ͬʱ˰
һ̧°˵ֻҪͬ⣬ûġԲԲߣԲԲüһţǳһŵģһ㡣Ҫʱͷ˵ҶﳤҼסˡ
Ҷﳤû˵ʲôŮˡ
ҶﳤЦ
ֵܣǸС椶ӡˡҲݣûͬ⣬˼ҵıӣѹֻ
ҶﳤٺһЦ磬Ҹɽȥͬġ
ɱȸ绹ͰֵǸˡˣղſ˼Ǻһѵģҿûʲô鰡
Ӳ֮
µɶġŮ˾ǲٲٲ٣滹СҲŲһСɶء
˼
Ҳɡֵܣٺȵɡ
ƱִֺһƿƣŰݡ
զֵܣղŹûУûĻҵطٽ档
ڲż㰡ŰȻˡ
˷ܵ˵ãֵܣҸ˶ĵط档ӡ
ãͰ⻰
ϴ˸裬ž¥ϳǰʱ·ϵĳûôˣ·Եÿ
һһҹܻͣóҶﳤ˸޺ƣѵ磬ɱҳ˹ְȻĻҿ϶Ӳ
ǽϵĳ¶Ůɵ滭һ˵ֵܣֲϹӡƺðɡ
˽˴㱻ֱΧˣܡй̨أתĵƹ⣬и̨ŮеĶȹͻ¹ĸŮԸ£ŪɧȺбպϵʱ
Ǹ߷ҡţ񣬳ҩƵġ
˹ӴͷһԷ쵽¥ϣһ䡣ǵ䣬衣
򿪵ƣһƬͨﹻ󣬹ɡ̨ӫĻӡ졢ɳ󴲡ƷȵȣеĶˡԱơƣõƹ⣬ӣӫĻ̳˧Ů·ٵģɧɧģϿζ
ƿӣһ£㹾˹˳šƿӣԺģƺþơ
ѡøץ˷磬ͺ̶ĸڻšǲúʹ죬ù񫡣
һŮĽӡűţ
延еŮˡ
Ҷﳤʵ𣿡
ҡͷƾǵʵﹻð
˵䣬Ůɽˡ
ҶﳤĿɨǣĵƹ£Ĳݣпɹۡ
Щˣ
ֲ˲飬زһ飬ǲԣҪ˵ʲô
ˣضˡҸ˵ˣʮƯĹƯү߳ȥզֵܣع˰ɣ
ҶﳤЦˡ
Цֱ˵ֵܰɲܴͷˡҪϸ飬ņ̃ȥˡ
ҶﳤʵҪǸʮô硣
̶۾վһţ΢ӣи¶һȵŮϺɨţʮʮ
ЩŮգЦݺʮö˶²ģѪ١
򿪵ƣ׹ĿǰʮŮյġǶŻۣɫͼͬа׵лƵ׺컨ееˮīɲͬߵҲͬǵĳ࣬Ǻܱ׼ģϴ壬ഺ٣Ƶǻ֦չġ
ҶﳤĿⷴЩŮӹòҹܻʾЩɫⲻ
弸Ҫˮǰȥ̶ֻ۾ֱ⣬һ£ǸزץһѣǸ±ͱһΣŪЩŮǽѣ
ǲ壬ҪǿҶﳤûжԱȣû˺Ķ䣬һ˧磬ļһﵱģҶﳤ˧ɱӡһ׳˶񣬻һļ⣬ƵƵ޲̹
ڻоת˻ЦСǣǰ·˰ɣȻ֧衣
ŮһӺЦȻ֣ת۹ԭʼˡԭǲһ˿ģôҲΪ·ɡ
ôŮѹ⣬ְ磬ƮƮ˾Լ۾ˡ
Ƥ׵ģ׵ģ̴ģСģëģëٵģûëģȳģȶ̵ġд󵨵ģкߵġֵģҸŮͦزȵģеĽЦţͦСǸѷչʾ
˼ڿˮͷزصʣֵܣɣ
Ҷﳤ΢ЦôƨɵŮվһţȷʵҲǵһμ
ЦһǾҲֵˡ
Ҷﳤͬ⣬˵ҶﳤŸտʼɲΪͷġ
ĵĵϣɡƹöƶƹһҡҡţͷһЩŮɵ
Сǣǿɡ
ЩŮǶۣŤΣ̧ȷȡ֮СͬҲ裬Ƶģ
״ͬƨɹŲˣʮ㡣죬ʱڻźϺϣɢŴԵζڷлǳ
ǵĶһ£䶯ķʮֽƣɼǾһѵġ
Ҷﳤע⵽ѹˣҲֲˣΪҲűŵġÿ˵һϵӣЩѡҲôɹ˭ĻֻҪкˡ
ЩŮɼ赸ʱ徹ȻŴ죬ˮ೤ǵδһ˫̶۾ģղŵľƾƺʧˡ
ҶﳤǵȻ࣬ȻǰҲŮˣûһԵһȺŮˣԴ̣ԼĶ࣬ôʧ̬ΪǺܺõĿˡ֮һӣԼԤڲ
ԴӼˮȹԼһ⣬Ժûι춼ǿհ׵˯ҪεĻҲԼԽˣڵȵĽ죿
ôŮˣҪǶ漸ܲΣεӦñȴǰðɣ̽һ£ʲô¶ͻ¶
裬㺹ܣЩСơҲǸˣһȥɡû˼
СںȾƿǳ¶ÿ˶ˮһȾơٿǣˣƻɰˡ
е̲סˣʵֵܣѡһ°ɣҪ̶ǵתţר±߿
ҶﳤĿǵϻζش磬ֳɣʣµĹҡ
һָ޵ֵܣ湻˼ɾͲˡ̶ۣһϸšЩСȾơ˵ЦҲ⡣
ܿ죬Ǹͷ͵ģŷֱΪ˵ʣµȻǽСˣֵС



19 һҹս

ҶﳤûкＱ̿ڣǺʣµСȾơ˫ûţЩСҲģЦ䣬֪˶ƿӣ֮ЩˣǵЩҡΡ
һС˵ҲʼɣǱѾˡ
˽Ǳߴ̼Ĵ֣ţкߺһƬը˵Ķ䡣
ҶﳤѵȫֻѹһСϣٵضţɵСŤߣдߵרҵˮƽҲûţںĥģиģģе쳤ͷŮĽϴ
ͷеֵܰǻܰ˷ʱˡ˵껰һСƱιƣһں꣬Сץѣ޵治СҲ֪ǲȻרսˡ
Ҷﳤûл廰κŮȡʱͻȻðһһСѾΪѿ㣬ųˡ
һĿ佱ļͺðûмôġ
ҶﳤðһůѾһůǻĶڶԹͷаĦԭһС·ˡ۾ͿɹģȻôްأ
ڶֻȭͷӻšҶﳤץšһĵԡ
С㽿ߵ磬㻹ҵİɣҵıĴ󡣡һֻ֣Լϡ
ҶﳤȥȻӲСзɡץһץţûüܣһֱֻСקߣزϡزûô󣬵ͷģɫ޵ģ治֪Ȼģǻױˡ
Ҳûţ˵·Ҷﳤͷ
һ̣һţÿŪһ£ʹ˷Ҷﳤйֵܰаƨɲضţеģеܲǣܰˡ
µС³ӣЦ磬㿴İӶͳɶˣҵװˡ
Се԰ɡ
һСסţߵǽ㣬ɡԱץһף˺װͷһףȥ򶯣˲׺ˡ
ӰҶﳤ
һС˵󰡣ڡ
һСȻұĹҲţġ˵գϣСƨŤŤѹͷ̽ȥ
С˵һţ̹ô𣿲еĻɡ
һźߵҵģ˭Ҳ׼һҧʹһȥ
ӴӴˡҲù˰ɡ
ҶﳤñһţܽеԵģյ˼
һССȶţŴüͷһֱš
С㵽ߣ͵һ򣬱ȫȥˡ
ѽѽҪˡתͷӣ湻ġ
ŸҶﳤ˵Ҫ⣬ˡ
һСŤƨɵ˵һûֹ
ʹ˺Ц
Ů˵ĳࡢĶõģɹһġСѨһһеģǼееҶﳤ䣬Һ֡ҪǼ¾ˣһôս
һҶﳤıڽ֣һСɴϣԼȣȥһʼǿɵСѨˮֱɵС㰡ֱС
ͰͺôӲܲ㡣Һþûôˡ֫ס˵ӣƨͦĥģ˴
Ҷﳤ磬һС㡣˲ãһŽеҪ߳ˣˡӾţСѨţʼˮ
μʱһС㻶ϲţڼţᡣ
Сеˡһɡ
нϴģһԲ׾һ˫۾Цģ
СҶﳤһƿơƣҶﳤͷ˹˵ĺϺһһ£תۼףλС㻶кá
һſҶŽø磬̽ȥ׼ڣһȥɵ۵һеø磬Ķ¿һ󰡣ҪҶӸɴˡ
Ҷﳤһͦƨɣ޶룬佱ČºҪҼһһ̽װ嶯УֻӻλƵģм׳ۡ
Ϣһ˵޵׶֪ǰ̧ͷȰ
һŤһ˵ǵȻҿɲôǳ˼ҿȵˡŮһЦ
ʣŮվĥģѺ˱ϣһֿС
ŵӣ죬ֻֻʵšŽеˣˣҪˡ
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ЩŮ˷СдǡֶԸֵţûȫɵûȡȫʤˣֻ֪ģģĳУ˯ˡ
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塢ӣԲeKڼ˸оûһĂȥ
ҶﳤܲˣʶΪˣԼϽȥȻĻ˭֪ôeжˣûɫһʱҲ˲ˡ
ҪȥһзԱeǸԼͶǸҶﳤæסⷿe˭жeߣ
ԱʶҶﳤeʮأͷĻͦ˳ơƤ
ûʲôǷԱˣԵú£ҶﳤһҧҧҪȥͻȻһһ˴ڳѪͷϜQǲӣһԴ֪ˡ



02 ǰ

ӵÿ죬ͷ׷еƿӣе̰׼ҪǸ׷ϣ϶ûк³
ֵܿҡ
ǧһ֮ʣҶﳤһļʵ壬һ ׷֮ǰվȽţǰ漸ҲnˣϻՂʹ
ҶﳤȂﵽλӭȥֱǸ졣һȭ˵һһСܵϣʹһƿˤϡ顣һȭȥؿڣžһ׶Զɽڣһӣϵˮҵ衣
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ǱߵҶﳤսмСҶﳤƾȫѣe۽𶡵ڵͷֱ죬˫ȭسȭ紸ڡ
ÿһȭȥҽÿһȭһ˵ءգ۹ʮѾ߰˸ɴ۾eλҲɵˡ
Ҷﳤһһվſڣһʵв𣿡
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ҶﳤֺϤٿòӣȸߣǳ죬ֻ׳˶ʵȻЩˣȴӣʵǺǵģһ֣ʱ𣬲
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죬Žֵʧǵģ⡣
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ʻҶﳤΪѣܲ˵ʵɣ
eߴ꣬ʵ̫įˣһŮ˶ûиɵʱҾͷģԺÿ춼ҪиŮ˸ɡ
ԭͷУֵܣھ͸MŮˡøҵʱ䡣ҪŮ˶Ưģҵһҡ



03 Դ

Ŵ绰ӣԲҶﳤģ³¶æ̽
ֻڳeվһ״ӵŮҽǰǴҽǧ橡
ǧ˫ֲ嶵˵һ˫ɨ촽źϣ֪˵Щʲô壬òƷǳţͷѵСѧ
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Դ˵ɶɶǳȥɵˡ
ɶ¶ΪɶҪ㣿
ãңǳȥôɵģ˶ٸŮˣʲôƣ侫Σ֮ʲôӦﰡûţ
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ҶﳤЦŮƨ¶ࡣ治ףΪɶҪ
˵ֵܰҵĿ㲻֪˾eµĳ˴磬ˡ
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ҡͷڻܸ˵֮ǲģ綣̹Բˣղ˵ҪŮˣ
Ҷﳤͷ԰Ҫɣȥɡ
һɻ󣬡ֵӰôŮ˻սǸȲˡ
ҶﳤҲ˵ԭЦɶʱ
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ۿλСֵܻȺɱȺӶӵŮˣĸҥдΪ֮ΪսʿҲ֪ôͷӣô֪ƣƵġ
˯һҹΣտҲ
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һȥԽԽæܴδңҶﳤԼǰһɹŮ˳ɰǧҺΣѵһΡ
ҶﳤŮ˶ee֪eˣǰֻҪһŮˣŮ侫ȻˡڸɵŮ˹࣬Ҳ٣ôûΣѵβûˣ
һʧȥβǺãƾʲôܱԼȫ
Ҷﳤ״̬֣ǰһӷŮˣɾʮ㣬һ²ˣ޻ľңĪŮɫ壬Թϰ
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һ֣Ҷﳤһǰǳɴˣ֪ʱʲôأ
һ߶Զһͷոմӻͨ˺̲ܿס磬ĵ˭˵Ұ
մϷܿеˡ
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ⲿϷ꣬ȥžۣ⣬ǷԼĺլ
ص¥ļңŮӶкܿº͵ЦЦԼԵ̫̬
򿪿ĵƣĵһѿյý̻Ի͵ģһʼҹҲŮյǻ⥣޶ˡ
ܿɢһͷ󌣬ģϴװ׳ɫᣬ´ӣϵĸ߸ЬҲǺġ
ֵŮõ꣬˵ȻȻ㣬ȥɬó졢š@һһЦһһɢĶ͸ͷŮߵ
ܿڵƤɳһƣغ۾ڳ˰˰֡
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ǰȥʱһһӿģŮ˵ջeԭƻڿ϶Ǵƻˡ
ǰܿۿҹǸشϵ£˼߿ȫĴеĿǰ¥·ݺᣬܣ˴æҹҪǵƵ磬ɫʣԶԶģZ趯Ŀ
ܿϱḻʱ࣬ʱͣʱ죬ʱˣ˭Ҳ֪eЩʲô
˷羰ܿ輸ĻL¡ŮӶ˹һƣȻһվȺԸ
ܿȣձһڣҺĺ촽һ۾ڵĻζ֮ץ輸ϱֽ
ǼeľɱֽŮƽпֽϰߣʱأЩֽӶ˿̣һݣ򡰼𡱵ıϸ
Уеķe켰СǣһǡĽɡ
һ֣ܿɫò԰ףһƱأˤϡ飬ˮڵʪһƬ
С㣬ôˣӶ˸Ͻʡ
Ҳһnʣ難ôˣ
ܿҡҡͷվߵǰҹǱġ˫Ư۾̲סᣬһſŵڹֱϡϡ
ѹԼĸ飬ᣬ޷ԿأԽԽ죬ԽԽ࣬ʹҪǰǲ¶ġ
ӶǰĴǵıӰ㶣ԿŮ˼нزķҲԽԽǶˣ֪Ϊʲôֿˣ



04 ҹ

ʧȥβҶﳤ⡣ϣȥȾƣȵôͻʱ·ײײҪǴˡ
ߺҶﳤڴ˯ڰΰУһ荽ѣ㣬·ĳĻ㡣
Ҷﳤʵ˭Դеκģ벻˭ԼôãͶ
˭ܾǡQмֶ졣
ڰ֮УӸƵˣһb̽ɣס˵⣬ҡ֮䣬˿˿Ѹһӡ
Сַ졢רҵʿ
Ҷﳤ̲סֱ֮伱Ůȥû⣬㱻Ů˴һǡ
ʵ㣬׼ҡࡢԵ
ҰҶﳤeŨصľ
ô㶼Уûҵ㲻׼ҡŮ˵ǹ˵ӣ˫صһ
ļãÿһ¶ŪģҶﳤԵسדŮߣŪĥ䣬ǡô
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ҶﳤֻãӴġʪʪĲλͷ룬δ˳롣
ŮŬ£޷ûŤ֫̽ų䣬˵ҵˮѹˣİ̫̫ˣڵһ
Ҷﳤ̲ס˵ϱ߰ɣһȥ
˫ֲʹظŮ˵ĴȣĲǼǻ˿ࡣ˿쳤ȸˡ
֡аҵÿ㹦вСҪˣҲﵽϡ˵ŻŮһָأһ±ߣ﷢èһתƳԡ
ѵǡҽҶﳤڻ֮ѿڶ
һξͲ¶ˣҲûʲô˿ɲ£ɣУɱˣҶûи飬ǧΪǡ
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Ȼûи飬Ϊɶ
Ϊϲǧ˫ְǿѨڣ룬롣Ҷﳤֻһůʪǻe
Žȥһ룬ǧ橱㽿пȷʵСһŮܲˡƨһȫ롣
ҽeҲܽüͺˬ
ɵסˣe߻ᶯġҪ¾ͽǹˣԺû޸ˡe˵ǧŤҡ
ҶﳤֻãСѨe·ָͷŮ˵ĶָʱصذĦÿһ¶˷ŹᣬһΪ졣
û취Ҷﳤֵֻ֮ͬʱǿдͷƫƫǧ橵СѨܻ棬ܻУƨת֮ʣ֫Ť֮ţǶ˵ɱС
ãһ߸Ů˴˿Ĺ⻬ȣҶﳤһ߿佱Ǵ˿İ֮£˹⻬з飬á
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ϧƣǰһƬںġĹҲֻܿһɫƲΣӵĵƨɵĲˡ
ۣú͹ӲеҪõöࡣҽһ˽Сƽe䵭Ȼͬ
ýе泩ҶﳤΪܣѪڣ̲סһͦӸɵøһЩ˫֮Ů˵ƨϡƨۣ³Ĵ󶹸Ửȵϵ˿ࡣԺõý˰֡
˲ҲƫѽСҡԹǧ橵Ļŭš
ҶﳤĴƨɣ̲סƨץģ˫ֱƨͦʹѨeøһЩ
СССͣ氡İɣ̵òײ࣬Ҳû̺ãҼģ˵䡣ǧ橽˵
ҽҵģʶ֮ǰͺϲˡջһ֣ҶﳤץӴץ
ۣСԭôŶûſ֡
ҲţҾϲ㡣ƶˣ±𣿡ҶﳤһһbץӵԼѣҶﳤչȥͷ˱ֱ죬ǧ˽вѡ
ŶѽС氡ˡˮеĻһǧeסؽŮ˵Ŀ֡
Ҷﳤ̣ȫʵҽҸɵ𣿡
㻹УϹȥ
㻹ҽ
ĿǰúúԲ֪ˣ׼ҽ
ҽʲô
㡣
㣬Ҳ㡣
ٰɡֻҪб£Ҳٺˡдɬޣĸܵˣ
Ҷﳤ֮£ǧƵŮµƸɽȥǰͬϵ磬ޱȵسÿһ¶
СҪ
ҾҪ㡣
ûظһٶ£ǧ橱ˬУתߣ˫۹˫Ȳƨҵصӭ
㰡ٿɡҪ߳ˡ˵СѨŪøеҶﳤֱΨƴظɡ죬ҲǶUͣҪˡ
ŶҪˡ
Ҫܲˡıм͡Ҫˣȫˡ


ڶسĳeͬʱ߳ҺŮ˵ĳˮΪһ塣һ˲䣬˶ƮƮɣһ̲ˮ
ھһг˽ζ
Сѹ𣿡ҽָܿƽeĮ
һûſءǧ橵һҶﳤڱ֮ڶˮСѨe
ѵ㻹㶼ˡ
Ъһǽɡ
ֻҪӲ㵽ס
ǺܺðҶﳤһʹǧ橵Լϡ
ҿ˰ɣһ߰ɡ
һûиɹΪʲôҪߣ
ÿŮ˶̨ˮİǬˡŮˣڸܵĳˮܰþһǧҪˡ
Ҷﳤһ§ס˵ҲߡҽҪú㣬ҿǬġeܲԼûбĸŮǬ
ǧ橺ߵ㻹ǺúϢɡҪȤĻٺúøһ֪
ôһ˵ҶﳤܷˡԼǹȺɱԽԽãҽܷŵԼ
УѱǣȻά˵ϣ



05 ս񺽿

㣬Ҫˡ
𿪡
һҪ
ΪʲôһҪ
˵Ʋܿÿӡ
ǲá
һƬȸڵУ˾͹չ˶ԻҶﳤԼĹ۵㣬ڰеǧ橣ôõûںڰ֮Уʵڿϧ
˴һ죬ǰһڵĶͨͨһٿǧ橣荽eֻ¶Դ󌴹Һ죬ʣ䵭дһ㽿촽΢ţ¶׵
еĳӲûпҶﳤʧ
㣬ôôʵʲôƲ
Ҷ̫ˣʲôġ
ҲŲôÿ̫ء
ô뿴ǾͿɡ
ǧ˵Ƶ¶ԼӡֻŮ˲ǳ¶壬״ӣûMϿۣ¶һӣһ׻ҫۡǺ˿࣬ڵƹ⣬֮⡣
ҶﳤÿǬĶ֪䰺ͷǰĶҡͷԵģʮ㡣
ǧ˵ĶĿʣ˵꣬ôӲˡ
ҶﳤЦ԰㣬ônˡ
ǧ¶Цݣɻţ޹䣬Ҷﳤһ
ճദУɽѵһЦ˵벻˽ϲһ˴ڰ칫eоļͻȻ٣޸˲⡣
㣬Ҫ㡣
ôɡ
վڴߣȼҼϡ
нСԳ
ѧʡңҲмҡ
ǡҸʲôҪɵá
ǧƶ򴲱ߣȱ˿Բ޳עĿǺɫȸ
ƶĹУδϵ˫ȼ䣬ÿŮ˵֮ԴeëġģӦ޼ոעĶڣɫȸ϶ģƵġ
㣬ֽɡ
Ҫˡͦõġ
Ϊɶأ
ϲ˵ľҺeĸоϲ󻬸С
ҶﳤΪȣ˵㣬ڲͬ
ҪǸŮһҾͲǧˡԺ֪̫ĵطͱ˲һ
ߣҶﳤ£˫˿ϻĴǣô죬ôѹǶ೤Ů˶ϲɫء
ȵ¶ȴůůģءҶﳤ̲ס׵ô飬ô档
С氡оáǧĿ촽¶Ц
оõĻͶһ
Լ˼ӣǧ橽촽
СңҪˡ
ˡ
Ҷﳤ˿ȼܵϣǧס̰Ҫ佱һġ˵ԼĶ
ҶﳤһͦһˣþҺĽ
ɵúãɵúˡ
ʶƨɣҶﳤŮ˵ĶeģСײƨɣžž
ƲͬоҲͬѨeġСֹ֡нػˬҶﳤо󠶯ʱ緢òżͣ¡
ͣСء
㣬еܲˡ
԰ҵıƻᶯģûܵˡбµɣнЦ㡣
ܴһҶﳤֳ鶯ÿζɵأɵɵÿ죬ǧְ
ɵϣ״ɢ¶ϰb˵ĲٸһһҶﳤȭͷͷϺڣκܴ󣬺ѩγԱȡ
һһbҶﳤֱˮ׼ָһʱǧԼһһӺߺ촽һ
ңңҰ߿ⲡÿһ䡣
Ҹ㣬㣬㡣Ҷﳤǧ橵Ĵƨɣ;ͱ޲ðȥ
ǧŤΣץתͷȲٵһظ˵ļͷǷḻʡʱʱֱУʱɧ˵ĸ첲ʱĥ˵ţֳŮǿҵđjͿ֡
ˣһbֻ̽±ߣ鶯Լˣ촽һƽϣҲ֮
;һҶﳤʵܲˣ󴭼˵㣬ҪӺ߸㡣
ǧ橽ӵϣֻʣº˿ˡ
ʽ£ƨɣ˫ȷֵÿģͷЦĿ繳ƽeҽһˡ
ҶﳤƽǧʱܱƨʹҲܸоeˡտĿƳ֣Ŀɿڴ
ӳϵĺ˿࣬ƨɰ׵÷Ŀȵطֳ꣬ÿһ궼ô˶󡢷Բȥ塢ϸۡʵԼѡ
ƨðû˭ĺáҶﳤ˫ϱ߿ͣeדU
԰ȫƨɳáǧмֵ⣬ҡҡƨɣϲĻɰɡӣһҪ񫡣
޸ǳϱġ
ִ˵ιeջСѨˮձĵطѾɸԲûлָԭ״
ҶﳤðιeҲھջڴǧֱЦ
С㲻иؽİðɣƨɿǴء
Ұɡ
·ɡҲϲǸ
Ҷﳤ׼ˮܵС̽ȥ̵ǧ橡һКUƸɵú
ſ
˫ƨҶﳤӿٶȣɵŮ˵Ľǰ˺ʣǸžžbеİ׵ҡβֹ۲
ҶﳤŮ˵ƨƨɶĺˣ˱ǳɫڲͬ
СҴƨɡϲǧƨɱ򣬽ˣˡŮǸ˲һ
Ĺƨɣbӻεˣȥӣɸ״ˣͷӲӲġ治䲻ѩĴҲŵڶ
ǧ˵Ĺ£ͬڿзɣǸƨҡβͣͷеҳһƬ
Ҷﳤ嵽е̲סˣ㣬ˡ
ҲҪˡ㣬ǰ䡣
ǧַٶȲȥǧһ̣һˣĿ룬ֱֱСˡǸɧһ˵eǱɽҽ
ҶﳤƼӣٶᵽ죬һǳɫŮ˵úûƺʱҪȥ
ˡ
Ҳˡ
Ҷﳤһһɵʱǧ橶СӰγʱһҺڡ
ǧմЩŵߣζƷ
Ҷﳤô㶣ˣ
ǧظһ󣬽͵֪ľҺʲôζ
ζʲô𣿡
˺ȷʵһġ
Ҳһ£ǧ橴ϰ״ҪߡʹҶﳤһ㶣Ϊ¶Ӧһ˯Ŷԡ



06 ŮǴ

ϰ״ӵǧ橣ӣƨɲˣҽˣȻϻĺΣĿ͸ˮ⡣
㣬ﻹҪߣһ˯ɡ
ҪԼı˯
Ϊʲô
ϲԼ뷨˭ҲǿȲˡ
Mÿӣǧ橶һҶﳤͷİӣָһ˵һһˮ¹⡣
Ҷﳤסǧ橵ʣ㣬һǾ仰Ϊʲôңʵ벻һֱΪֻe㡣
ǧһˣ·ղͬһ˵ģ
ҼЩŮˣҲһ¶Ȼμ˲ܽ⣬Ҿ͹㡣
ǧҡҡ֣ÿ˶ԼܣûȤ֪Ҳʲԭˣϣΰ㡣
⻰ҶﳤeжůˣɲǼãĳĺŮˡ
㣬治֪ôлźáԶˡ
ˣˡҲϢˡǧüȻôĶ£һԭȥĶˡ
š
ǧ橵һЦȻȥʱ
ϵţҶﳤǸرŮӰο񻶣ÿһϸڣԽŮ˸Զأͱ˲ͬ
ǧ橵ĻҶﳤȫ޴ˬҲ·һɣ˳硣
һΣμԼ߽ĵİ칫e칫һƬңƵġ
˵ҪһǮлΪ˾һСҶﳤ˵ԼҪǮֻԼԩ顣ĳ˵ûաҶﳤ˵ǴӦġĻˣָûбô磬ʹɥڻҰæͰ˳ȥ
ҶﳤһһӣɫѾˡ뵽ΣΪģԭԼβûɥʧǧ橵ãΪ֮ǰЩŮ˲أ벻ͨ
𣬽һλСʿǰһǱĹϹˡ
СʿԼʮ߰꣬ɫƷȹʿñһ£һ˫Ĵ۾͸桢࣬һ㡢ľλ̲á
ͲηϺãʿƷڲסȶˣഺ֮
ãҶǴĻʿڸѪѹˡεΣۣġ
ҶﳤʱģഺŮԣرǹ崿Ϣˡһ˵ܿӰܿഺ֮ģʹһе؁ʹŮʱܵٸ֮֡
λ˧ɴͷ죬Ǵһ㶣漴ЦˣЦһӭС
ôˣҶ
ҶﳤȻЦЦ˵ѪѹǰɣһƱӣ¶ǳ֮Ǹ˵磬һ˯ѻָԪڳѪ״̬֧㶰̵ģ̬֮
Ǵˣ࣬Ĵģȳȥһ¡
СʿˣҶﳤͷԼĶŪһӣ૵˼ŮӸŵġ˼Ǵдһĺùɲܺ
ȴ·Ǵٴν˵ģ̬ڡ
Ҷﳤڴǰӣ¶СۡǴͳһbѪѹƣϣ˴úܽŵϵءĿһת䵽Էؿϣоe߸¡𣬺٣˲ò࣬СѾͷӻС
Ǵ˵Ŀ⣬ȷڿԼزߣ۵أĿЃ⡢š
Ҷﳤеһ֮У·̸ʱֻˡ
ôɣѧ𣿡
ҵˡ
ϰ𣿡
š
ǰզûмأ
ԭڱĲиʿ٣Ҿ
𣿡
㡣
ԺԾ𣿡
֪
ôһԻҶﳤԽϲ崿ֽŮӡ֮ǰԼҪҸͽĶĻԸСʿһȻڵԼͷˡ
ѪѹСʿҪߣԴ֮⡣
ô𣿡
԰һйء
Ǵ첽ţӰһŹغá
֪ģҶﳤʧУʧʲôҪƵģѰ˼ΪλַĸܣһСʿǴˡ
ҶﳤƵؿϲڵſڣԼ졣
ǴĿ⣬˳ϣһ죬ɬ˵ҶءҸղˣ緹ȥ칫һˡ
Ҷﳤͷһ뵽ǸΡĵҪҷ
緹֮Ҷﳤİ칫ңҪ֤һ£ԼεΣ
ſڣ;òԣúõһţ˺üӡŽȥöණû½֮ʲôļ鼮ˮ̡ԵȵȣȫڵչϻвƬӵˣˣһŶȵϚUϺσǻҳ
ʧɫҶﳤеĸ磬ôˣѵϽˣ㱨
èһ۾Ǳ
Ҷﳤһ£Цˣǿ˾ĺᰡᱨе̫Цˡ
ޱ飬ӵһ˵ɡ
Ҷﳤҡҡͷ˼˵¾˵ɡ
˵ҶﳤȻûмǣһֱԼˡΪлǵĸҸøһǮ
٣̨ʸeһβ顣
ĸ磬ǮǲҪģҪҲǮǡeüͷҶﳤʼ˻
ǷǡҶɽҵֵһΪҶҾԼܸĻرԶԶΪ˾£ĸ磬˵ɣǲʲôˣҪʲô
ľûв廰Ŀһ죬ܺãܺãĲһҶﳤĿгד͡
Ҷﳤָָǽĵ棬˵ĸ磬ûиң˭ɵģ
Ļһ»UҪǴڵĻ˭ôʮӡ
˿˵ͽ֣İһǲ˵ҪҶﳤˡ
һŴڽڶһ
磬զˣҶﳤʵ
壬һѿ
Ҳ壬ʵˣ
һŰѵϵֽ¨߳ԶѾͷǽظˡҲ̫ˣʵܲˣôȥҪƷˡ
ˣԾɣ۾ˡ
Ҷﳤȵ˵˰죬˵˭ǶǣǺ·񣿡
û壬峤һ˵ﳤҲˣӦ֪ðǲıһ¡
ĵͷðɡҾ͸˵װɡϣܰΣ



07 λ

˵һѰ뵹¡ҶﳤҲλ£Ƶϣͬe
ͨĽҶﳤеˣҲΪġΪ˿նΡ
Ϊŵ쵼ˣǰδȢޣȴмˣһˣΪŮжСҹܶ۰ŮһֱҪǮǮҪ˵䱦ȴΨӲŮ빫˾񣬸û˾
СҹѧҵҲʲôרڵϻ죬ѧһһκβֽ䲻е˵ˣе˵ˣСҹѶ֮Ƿ˷裬ɸױа壬ҪôԼĸףҪôӰ࣬׵λãı˸֮󣬻ռ׵Ĳҵ
ġȻϣŵļɶҲǽУȴСҹһ浽ݷãȡǵ֧Ԯһ浽鷳ҵmҹأңʮšԼˣԡҲö֣˽ز
˺üˡⶼǹ˾ҪĿ粻ʱ깤˾Ҫ˼ҺܶǮģոջһҰ칫ңôȥҪôҪôЪˡ˵ô죿˫ֱͷ۾
ģѾͷҪǴŮȊɱһٻˡõҧϵĿӰ΢΢ʮֿɲ
Ҷﳤ˵Ҫǡȥݺݽѵһ٣ԶУԺҲ̡
彻ɫͬʱҡͷ
ɤЦֵܣҪô죬Ͱˡ
ġšһ˵ô˵ǴŮǲ˵һ㣬ȻζԴ罻οǸĸǣ鷳ӲɣķӰɡ
칫eһ¾̸Ҷﳤһð̣һСeɫèۣһ˿Ʊ飬һ
ȥû˵һ仰˭ҲûʲôС
ʱͨҶﳤո¶ϤͻȻһ˺nnӣеˣа취ˡϲȵһֽϣһû鲣ϡ
ͬʱתͷۣҶﳤʣɶ취
Ƶð취ð취취ϡ
Ҷﳤգ˼ָָۣԼôû
˼룬һƺˡ
˷ܵشȣ۷Ź⣬һԴرԾ
ֵܣ˭
簡Ƕô˵Ҳú񡣡
֪ҽΪʲôҪŪһ
ҽ֣Ҷﳤе˷ܡ
˵˵
һ֣˵˵¶֦
һǬЦ˵ԣ˵ҪλôģѾͷΪɶܺΪƾŮݣûݣƨǣ˭ʶëƾѹǣΪɶѧѧƳĶӳǱо𣿡
ͷĿתҶﳤ
Ҷﳤһһ㶣磬˼˵ðĶӣǸǶ𣿡
һӣЦԣ˼˵զ
ĳ죬˵壬СãҶֵܳ䵱ĶӣֹСҹĺ˳ؼλȶ֡ԺǸͿһЩˡ
Ҷﳤмֻң૵ֻҵæûҪôĶ
ʲôõģ֪ҪöСҹϴɲˡ˵ˣǸҲʡ͵ĵơҪöСҹλò˶ã⹫˾ͳҵˡֵܣĿ紴ô군𣿡
ּ־Ҷﳤ֧롣
˵ҶֵܣҲˡξ͵һæȶȹѹأҪ治ˣ
ҶﳤԽԽ̧ͷ˵ĿⶼĿгڴСȡһεѹʹ˾óء
ðɣλ磬ҴӦǡȽ֮ѡϴ󡣡
˻ϲ˿ѵõһ˿Ц⣬һƴ硣
ҲһҪ졣
û˵Լˣֻ˵¾ҵ¡
֮ҵ鵱ҵİӣ˭ҵģʦôģҪŪ
ҶﳤһĲһ˿ڡɶʱʹ
ķһӣ˵û⡣
ҶﳤĿתģĵͷû
˴һϵı鶼ˣ硣ѰeҲöôˡ
˻һЩϸڣо
ıʾݣһuһЩϷԼ档
弱ֵܣ²˳٣һ֪ͨǼλУҲĹɶʶһǡֻҪͬˣԺӰ¶ͺðˡ
ƾλ簲Űɡô˵ôɾˡ
磬屸˺ҶﳤȥɶǡĻǰΪһ˵ǣſڿӣ¶š
廹ȥƷƵһװν˿·װģƤЬҶﳤǰһվһɫƬˡ
ֵܰΣӦȥԱŶԡ
ҶﳤeԼװͦƮֱٿüĿ㣬촽ȲǮ˼ҵĹӰ
һңeǼͷӣСʮϣҶﳤһ棬ǶǶĸִ㱾ûģҲɳ˴ˣܸˣ֣Ǻѣ΢Ц
˵Ƕ˽ӣָļ̳ˣɫ죬еıֵͦȣеĪ䵭Ǹⶡ䣬ƵƵ׷ʡ
ĺѰ鶨˵Ŀǰ粻϶䣬ǰнһ粻ʹӹҶﳤӭأֹ˾ԼִдĽϣλ֧Ԯˁ˱ˡ
˳؂SǢУδʾʲôȻ̬ȺܺãҶﳤóǵ̬δΪԼ񶡵䣬ȫ֧Ԯ֪ð˽ӡ
棬ҶﳤصҽԺڷe˵һӵĵĵ绰ɫһ±ˣʲôجƵġµ绰Ҫ˵飬ȥ
Ҷﳤ̬ǸС̫һ˵˽ӳ֣һɶǣҪӰˣλðɣִһưɺһء
ĸȥǴƺ֮¡
ҶﳤԸКUټһţһڣϾͷƮҡͷҪ̳ȨڲĹɶҲģǸոյǳ棬ԼͿóִжԼ䵭е⣬ѾͶСҹһ
ǣСҹǴŮȻ粻ˣ̳дĶҲûʲôԣ˵ԼǶҲĴˣЩ治֪ôˣ
Ҷﳤ仵һɻ𣬺Ҹһ¡ʣ¿ҵֻһ
ҶﳤҽңüҽǲʶģûǸҽһҽϢҽԺ
ǧ橵ĴϷ飬ʹΣּ˴ҽסַȻ뿪
ھʿʱǸС椻ʿǴȥһƣҲڣҶﳤź뿪
ǧ橵ļҽԺԶʮҵˡļʱſҪҵվſڡ˪ڿװĵʱ˪Ĵһڻˡ
ЦݣЦһʻ˲ˡ



08 ˽

ô㰡
𣿡
⡣ǻһء
ⲻò
С컬ĺˣý㵱ʮ߰СѾͷŲĵ
ݣõɳ£ǧȥöԡȥıӰҶﳤΪ֮Ķ֮ﲻ
ǧϴ٤ɫī¶ĸ첲ͽѾԵô𪣬ⲻʲô£԰ѴƨɰýԲġЩŮƨһΣͷͻƻƨɲǣ޿޵״޿޵ں
ʱڽĴУƨٵزҪǹ϶еĲ˰
Ҷﳤһ±Ǭ촽ͷȡ
һ·ӣҲǺܴһĸ֡ϲǳѩףǺڵġһ栝ϻһž޷ƬҲǺڰ׵ġƬݲագд棬һŮӽȹӒԵϣһb˫ȼˬı顣΢ؼط
Ůλ㡣
ҶﳤЦˣ˵λզĶοҪǿˣ˸ô룿
һͷ輸ϷһЩ鼮һ͹˵ģʲôûꡢļֽʷʽȵȡ
ʵûȤⶫһͷ輸Ķeһߣͨẹ̈ϱпأǵ綯ġ
Ҷﳤ˳ץţƺŮ˵ɧζ
ǧ橶ȣеǶͷһתֻ˺ߣҲûг־̬
ⶫûļͺáһ仰ͰҶﳤˡ
㻹Ҷﳤԭλµ綯ߡ
ǧ橻شûʱ򷢼įõġִCḌһ滺dӡ
֪ʲô𣿡
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ɫ졣
˵˵ΪɱҶﳤֻܿŹӡֻŹһΣ˵ǲ
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㲻£
굶ǯڻ߶eʲôµģ
ǧ˵õȻҶﳤЩһڿȥԾؿǧ橣һӣȫ˵Ц㣬㲻˵İɣ¡ɹ
ǧ橵һЦ˭ʱûӲ
ҡҡͷҶﳤʾ⣬һҽôҲڰǯ˼Ҷe񡭡᷸ܽ͵ġ
ǧʼ˾ˣѵһܶԻ˵δʱ͵ƨɣҾ͵ͱһ˳ְǯӸ𣿡
Ҷﳤ˰ΣU㣬˲ò࣬ҷ֡㻹Ǹйµ˰
Ҳϲ˵µġǧ橶˶٣Ȼ𣿡
СͦģǰҶﳤֹҡͷˣôȻ
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ңԶĵطλù
˼䣬Ҷﳤ㱻ˡ
λģֹڲͬǲŻСݼû˵רˮƽ˵⳪ɣɤ͸ִеdӣһ質ˣ廳£İ飬ȫ㳪ҵˮƽ
ҶﳤԼܿĹ¡һױ裬е崣˿̹ģһ
ôˣ
ĸжˡҶﳤǿЦ
ǧ橸пˣԶңԶĵطɿ˾룬氮һģǲǰӦԽԽס
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϶µġҵĸоǧ橵Ŀ˵ϣ䡣
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꣬ûϴء
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ǧ橻ⶫԼĶeҰŰԼôĻ֣һדã֪ԺжŮء
Ҷﳤǧ˷ܶ˵ֻڽһˣǽ㰡
ǽҪúˬһˡɵͦסҪһˣԺˡ˵ǧ橵հϱƶĿһӡ
ҶﳤڿµŮĳ󌡢زƶӵĶڶڶء
Źˣǧ橷³һ
˵ӶUȱĴeʱءֲ֮ʱŮ˵ͷͷ󌣬仯ˣüͷʱʱɣƶʾnж
಻ֻͷ⹵ϻѿˮ̯һͷëǬǬQQϴƵġ
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ҪǸ䵽eҾһҧĴ󼦰͡
ǧ橰Ե˵꣬ſ죬ͷҧǺͺeһһµ
ҶﳤһֵĴԼnҷſܣҧأʵر񾭣ֻҪԼһ󠣬ͻˮ̣һ군
ǧ橵Ĺ򲻽ˣѰ¡¿һĶȫ£Ȼˡͷҧֽeһʹҵ˶˵۲ۣ˵᲻ᣬء
Ҷﳤ̵ûܣҪֹͣ㣬̲סˣҪˡÿ
ǧ³˵ɡվ䡣
Ҷﳤվɡ
ʱǧֽӵeһһɵȫŮeǧЦ̧ͷ˵ı飬˺һ¶Цݡ
ĹĵģȻװȻ󣬺ͷһһģӽָ³ͷѹͷһ飬жҶﳤ̲



09 Ϧ

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Сɣ
ˡ̫ˡ
ǧֶӣЦǵþˣɻûõο
ǿԼġ
һǸɵĶǧʵ㻹𣿡
ҶﳤȻһЦ˵ʲôеġֻҪСһף߶̧ͷ
ǧЦҽһҪǬ㣬֪жһͷ
˼£ǸƵŤ
Сһأôʵ
㹦߳ûʵ
ͷͷԽԽ󣬰仯ԽԽսʿˡ
˵ɣ˵ʲô
һ⣬ò⣬ʽ㡣
ʱҶﳤҲٱܻ䣬λ㣬Ҳû˿
˵ɶ˵ˡ¶һǧ˫صߣƤ
ҶﳤܳʵѶСҹ£졢ԶͷۣƾԼð䶡ӵ¶˵һ顣
ࣣǧڹͷ˼ڣĸα
ⲻԸǸҰѾͷʡ
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һ߸¶һ߸֮ͦõġ
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ⷬҶﳤĳȣѪӿ±߼ͻ
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ǧ橽˵Сûģƨɴڻء˵Ť֫ʹƨҡƨⶶʿˮ
ҶﳤĶǧ橺Ȼͣסվֻ֫ҡڣģصè˴ԼĹĵزģװ˵ɡ
⣬ϼĺɫĺϣòҪˡ
𣿡
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𣬷˸ҵƻһһʱǧ˸߳ҡʱ˺ɫ˯£СȣM˸ӡ
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㣬ԡϲĻҾˡϲŮôԼգҶﳤܲ
ģ̌ͷ΢Ц͹ģմء
ˣҲ԰ǺһһӣóһƿѾƿӣĶӡ
һƣҶﳤȤ
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û¶ֻѪӿ죬ٿŮҺĿˮЃ顣
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ǧ˿壬ЦС㲻ǬģԺҾٲҿҡ
˵˽ˡ
һe˫ܵƽףeҫ硣
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ǡƣŮˁ׾ƨɵҡŮֻȴƻСİӣóǵĹⲨۻҡĹԣһ˫Ŀ촽Ϸ
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ҶﳤСѨļŪÿһ¶˿˿ģǰľ飬ԿöˣױԷġ
ԼϾ赸Ůе棬ΪŮôϲƽʱ˪Ϊһ˴ϣ˸һƥҪԼʵǿ󣬾ḻ类ɵˡ
Ժ󣬶ֻƣģ˫ۺһͦƨɣ࿴ؿĽء
ǧͦŶԷظɿ飬Σˬ࣬ǳ⡣ٿ±ߣһӲƵĶë׵Ķ˶ţʹѨģر档ÿһʹеĵͣػԼԼֵġ
ҶﳤҲעԷŮ裬ӲιǸСˮ˴顢֡˷ܣĵǸźиñơǺεºܣԸɵΪθϴΪ˰ңҲ
㣬뿴Ĵƨɡ
ˡ
ǧ橼൱˵ãֽŲãһתҲ³ͣ˳ذתȥŹе¿ˡ
أҶﳤƽ񱳺ͷʺĴƨˡ
㣬רҰˡ
ǰ˭ңǧ橻һЦЦг˽ԵãŮ˵˵ࡣ
עˣ㿪ʼˡ
ǧ¶ʽ˫ַϥƨ⣬Сĵһһµ䣬֮һ󼦰ͣȳһһٶȵļӿ죬Ҳ졣ͷٲĺ
ʱͲӶe䣬ͷͨͨģʪܵģһ¶ľˡ
ͷЦǧ˵Сܣûš㲻ġһץֽeˡ
ʱǧ橸ı淨˫ְ˵ȣƨ;ɿǿƨȥѣη׳Ů˵đjֵ̬쾡£覡



10 ս

Со𣿡ǧƤʡ
̫ˣҪҼˡܲˡҶﳤŮζ˫ָƨ⣬ĵλû˵󻰣԰˸Ǭһͦסܶ
ɣˡýҲһεġ
áˣҴӺ߸һ
Ҷﳤǧ橵Ӳûֿرɺʽǹ򰡡
Ҷﳤֵˣ˫Ȱ͵СɵƨֵɵǧֱлСƲ̫ˣ²ҪҶeˡ
Ƕðˬȥ
ððǾȥˡҪζšӦˡ
һûӦءҪ湻ˣˣͬԼİںѨeջٸɵĶһһ󠣬eˣ˫ץǶҡڲĴӣĴƨϵķ⡣
ת֮䣬ӳҵָۣ״ɰĴƨһƬӡ
Сִƨɡͦģϲʹˡ
ãҾͲˡ
ǣžžžžžž֮ײƨһƬӦ
ǧ橵ǰn󵴣ǧһڱһƬǸСѨͣؼԼˬͬʱҲֹꨡ
Ҷﳤӿٶȣе㣬Ҫˡ
ǧ橶Ȼ㣬ǰ䡣
Ϊɶ
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ӳŪǬQˣǧ橲ŷŹ§ֱ
СðҴûôľҺõϡľҺҵeҿʫһ̫ˣҪ־簡
⻰߽ͬȴ
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֮󣬻eǧ˯ˣƽϴЦҸŮˣһ㶼ղôķ裬ôҰ
Ҷﳤô˯Ǹż£·ڸǰ



11 

壬ࣺǸҰѾͷ¶ˣǰһ˲ɣϲϹڣ֪Ҫ˼ҶǮ
Ҷﳤü磬мǳ
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Դ˼β˵ֵܣ˵úе
ҶﳤЦǻټ
ʹشӦͳֻ
ʮӺҶﳤI·ȥְ̣һٶֵܣ˵ãǧСҹǿɲܶԲ硣
磬ƺðɡ֪ô
Ϊ˲ݾߣϵص㲻ڹأڶһ·ڣǱվ˼ʮˣиֹҶﳤ˳ǰ˽еүүү
˻ָ֣Ҷﳤ˵֪˭ҶﳤǶүĹӡǰһֱڹΪҲͦ
˶ʱˣҪ֪ĿǺεȳߣ
Ѿܹˣ죬ǶָӰɡ
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ϽѹСҹҴŮһ㲻׼򡣡
Ҷﳤ΢΢һЦ˺ɡ
Ҷﳤһ֣ȥЩСڵظںߣѪӿ죬һս
һţÿرƻ龰ء˺ѡ䳵̱שͷӵñضǡ
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𿴶СҹǸŮģɲһ㡣˫ع÷겻͸ֹȥͬʱмƼнţһҪС
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˾ʹӦҵСҹЦ

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Сҹջ˫ڹֳĴԴѽһֻмܣһûۡ
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Ҷﳤneeͳһȱڣ𿴶˶࣬ż¹򣬾ͱͷͣһѱͽֱӾ͵ͷܡ
ǱߵĶСҹע⵽ˣһ壬һ߽еĸϣҷŵðƻ
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ĸͷģնصģģȵģһ棬ĬҶﳤֿȭǸе͸ȣΪƿա
£Ҷﳤơ
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ѹҶﳤԷȭߣְѹȵǂ򵹣ʣڻ¡Ǹ״ֺˣҶﳤΧסԼ򳷵һȥ
ҶﳤرעΪ뵽ǸΡҺã﹦ѷɫɶ˺Ǵֽˡ

һҶﳤȭ裬͵ؽˣͲأ˳ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬һǹ죬ӵҶﳤոյλûԱߵһְϣʱøոպãҶﳤһܣ϶Ǳͷ
һǹ죬˶ˣ˲϶Сҹŭ𣬡˵Լˣ˭ǹ
СҹҲ־ŭ󺰵֣ͣ˭ǹģ˵ò׼ǹ𣿡
ǹģȻһ㵽ԱߵĽһʧ֣δǹںǹڶҶﳤҪڶǹ
Ҷﳤûж㣬һͳ籸õʯӣ˦žһϣǹ֣ͬʱǹˣԱһආȣŵڵϡ
ǹ죬ʱڳ˶סˣ˶ֹͣܣĿͶǹ촦ľԡ
Ͻ´Ҷﳤʵû¶ɣֵܡ
Ҷﳤҡͷż£ԤʾԼܾ군ˣһͷһ亹
СҹҲסˣڵǰ˵ҽС
žžžСҹȽ⣬Ҳ裬ûҵҿǹeûͷ
ŵùġСҹһŽߵת졢ҶˣȵҶģҲ⣬´μ棬һǹ㣡ߣðƻ˵꣬ﳤȥ
Щ˵ģ̧ˣ塢ҶﳤߣҲҾZˣҽԺΡ



12 ˭ԾŶ

һۣһ˼죬ҵճУСҹδٵҡԱüġչüͷҶﳤדĿ⣬ľֺֿá
λգʧǹ¼ɶŭ̬󣬷ӣҶ˫˹ȥ
Ҷﳤġͬ£ȥλеġ߽ʱɶ˶ǳÿֽĽǹûʲôˣԼͬҠֵ֮ݣͲּģͣ
˴˴кҲڿĳϣСҹ
ĵȴٴαUٴСҹˣȻҲһģһ˵Ĵӵ£⵽
Сҹһ߿ţߵú죬һŮƵģЩûи
İһ׳գҶﳤͬСйͬЩǰųˣ磬ǵķУ룬޿֡ǰ׳գ
СҹҶﳤ£ġ壬ְһҶﳤߵðƻ
Ҷﳤ΢Цãá
Ŀԣһܣ˭á
Сҹתϣͷ죬ָ㣬һ˵ӡϵöθݣͷ󌡢촽رĿ
ɶǰԼĵ˵ҪԼƻ⣬Լ̳˵Ĵ飺˭ܽǰҵϵĲǨ⣬˭ͿԼ̳жλá
Ҷﳤ֪ǨĴָʲôߵü崹ͷ²׸ɡ
ĶСҹΪȻʱͷָָ˾ϲĿ⣬ɶ׷ʵ⻰棿
λл˵ͷ֣أ˸Ƕ˵Э飺һǺƽģһݵ̳˵ġ
ԡ˿˵һݣûӦڶʱסҡͷٴУ϶˿ЦֵܣҪȱǩǶ࿼һ¡
Ҷﳤһе֣ԳķӦ
ĶСҹתתȥeıʣˢˢذԼǩˣ̧ͷԼֵı飬¶Ц顣
Ҷﳤ΢΢üeûףǰû£Ҳ֪òð죬ѹĸ硢磬ؿƻѰ𣿡
ǱǩͬĶСҹҲƽĸ첲ʱʱ󠿪bʱһ飬ʱֿǸͷ߸ߵزһһģ·Ƶġ
룬Сҹվ˵ȥ绰첽š
ֲڣҶﳤĿת壬Цð죬һ粻Ͱˣõ죿ٳٸ㲻˾Ҫʧʮڵġ
һҧû£ǩˣҸ㶨
˵ô˵ĵı飬ҶﳤҲ֪鲻ð죬ֿһЭ飬˿˼
һ죬СҹˣûţţЦݣ·ʱϸŤûزú÷ɧ˿ǬıͻС㣬Ҷﳤŷ֣ǸѾͷû֣
СҹҶﳤƵ˵Ҫôãǩֱɣðƻ
Ҷﳤ΢΢һЦҪȵģ˭ߵǾ͵ƾ˱ˡ˵꣬ؽļǩˡ
ԼڳĴ˿¶ϲɫ׷׸ȥ
СҹվһĿڴ˵ðƻ֣ƺˡŤСƨɣµĴӵˡ
ҶﳤUϢѰˣǴ鷳
ĵ鷳Ҳûд÷˵Щûˣǿ°ɣȴﳤȥء
ҡҡͷ˵ȥɣһ¶ˡ
СʱĺҶﳤһֱ߳IeһϾɵгȫǵmʲôĶУⷱ١
Ľ˵гнأŵǰҪĿ
һʼиеĸ쿪ܳɹƶܿɹۣɳһƱųϼ궼û⡣
ĚUû뵽ͷȻߵ塣
ռƻгͬΧѾչɵĵƤһ͵ȫҵÿ꽫ǳɹ۵ĳ档
ȻпײĹͨ⣬ǶӻòװƽΧĵƤգȴΨĵĽг̬ȷ˿סĹؼ
г̻ᣬƻһֱƽϻᣬ㲻ãϻͳ£̻ǵ̬쳣ŽᣬŻݶᣬ̬ǿӲý壬ֵиȥŪҲ²̨ܣָ
ͷˣ뵱иǩĺԼֻʣµʱ䣬Ҫǲ𲻵ϱ߾ͻ᳷ǵĿƻ⳥ʽ
ĿЦʱ򡭡֪ʧڡ
˵ֻһֳֹߵĵmңΪǽֵĽ
ȻˡЦ¶ģ֪Ѿͷ˴ɱɱʲôһôˡ
ҶﳤЦĸ磬ͦȶ㣿
ĵͷȶɡ
Ҷﳤޒܣñϳʱһ֣ĽŲгһnʮ˴ͷùЩåƦɱԶ
ĸ磬⡭Ҷﳤˡ
̳ĻӡЦҲ룬åҺͷŻܽ黹ֵ춼ܽ
Ҷﳤеɵۣå£û棬ײ̻ӣţԼ״
üңҶﳤİۿֻµåȻһɢɳ·̻ߣҲ㲻ʲô񣬶һЩʮ굽ʮ׳ѧһȭţͷơЩ֮ͽŹ
˫ʵؼͷߵϣߣΪ׵һٸʮ̵꣬ģһŶ쵰εһ˫۾رģ۲һޡ
һ׵ɫţװİǰǰ͹̵ģߴȡֱԲ˾ޡ
ٸڶָӣۼԽn˹ȥ
һȭȥһåһųȥߵһƦӴʱɨȣ缲磬Ǽ˶ſϿˡ
Χ̻Ʋеֵǣˡ
ٸвǣҲõɪ´ٲᣬǹ㡣
ٸԣۺŭһȭͷӵĳԱڣϽˡ
ҶﳤŮ˵δԽԽٸŮǲһһɹ˵Ůɿ죬ϸһϾƵe㱻ǿŮˣǬQ䣬Ѹͣϵˣ벻
ĸ硣Ҷﳤĵʲô뷨
ȥʩӽһˣ˵ԭģڲ̫ˣ֮ǰиƻҾжڶСҹ֮ǰ㶨ͷİɡ



13 ʩһ

Ҷﳤֹֻǵĸ磬Ů˵ҽ
뿪أصĵİ칫ңèۣҶﳤŮ
ǸŮ˽ʩӽǸѸ
ҡͷһŮˣһĺùؾӵĲгϹַչġ
Ҷﳤܴ򣬻Ǯ
ţǸšĵǱ壬صģΪȢϹͼeֵúܽʮǰһe˽صĵӰԺװޣ׬Ǯгeĵ桭
Ҷ೤ǸţǸ
ڣӵһҽe׬ǮĵӰԺʹгĵƤ
ĚUʩӽǮϰǨЩ̻ģǮӣǺ̸У̸£Ůļƣ󣬺ܲöСҹ汩ǿһף٣˼ˣġ
Ҷﳤʵǡĸô
ĳǹ׶㣬ѷܴûܴŮҲֻŮˣˣ֊죬ܼ֣ԣգٰƬųȥѣ˸𣿡
Ҷﳤɵô󣿵
ûƶպöСҹҲ˽꣬ߵСҹͷϣһʯʲôˡ
Ҷﳤüͷ˵СҹǴŮº֣һ޻
ĵһЦݣ˵Ҳǰ׳աûƾʵݣСҹֻʱ鷳ܵ˺ġİɣһḺλġ
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ûֱֻȦںɫԲȦeߣbԵѩףκͷɫΪĿ
ڿƷƣΪߣŮԵƨɣڿͷϢ
ϳǺɫģ͸ɫ£ˡ
ǧ橿ʱҶﳤĿ⣬Ӻ±ߴ۾ˡ
ְֻϥǣһƨɻŪӣƨСǸ¶ۺ⣬һͣĽϴˮʪë˵СϾ۶ѣɢɧζ
ֻӿٵضֻԾͷӲƻףһԺһϣŮ˵Ķζֹ
ǧ橰ͷ˵죬湻湻ˡ
Ҷﳤ壬ɫı飬Цɧĸ˼ˣݺݵظ㡣
ɰɣݾҰɣϲ˸ңϲ˵ļұe嶯ֱҵĻ궼ˡĿǧ˫Ӻ߽ʹֵģ֡
һҵָɧǸСģe˱èд˵ߵһܡ
ҶﳤϣӾϹ񫣬ҲǴΪǸСѨʱ̵ذĦѹģģ˹ͷ
㣬ƨɺɡ˫ɡ
ǧ橴ӦһſڴϣӰôһ񡣴Ӽ󱳣ٵƨɺʹȣƺʲôëŮ˵ķ顢֮һ֮С
ǸƨɣԲ£¡ɽ˿ͷͻСƨ£ȸë壬ˮƬѨƵĺ
תͷЦǧ˵СҰɣ±ˡŤƨ˲ˣϵҲƶ
Ҷﳤe̵סֿȣſӣӲ˽ȥѨһ֣һˮ
Ŷϲļ͡
治ůֶֽˮģͲȥͲγˡ
˵Ҷﳤһµس鶯ͣ˫ָŮ˵ͷ󌡢󱳣ִӣŮһСƨϷĹ͵ԣˬˡ
ʮӣǧ˽еҲˣɡ
˻λҶﳤĴӣ̲ס˫ȥץ⣬棬ͷʹģŮ˵ۺһ˽Уͬʱ±ߵֹظɵŮڳһζ
ɵúãСĹԽԽˡǧһĳד
һ㡣
ɰɣҺˡ
Ҷﳤ˫ֳŮ˼࣬գǿ籩̶꣬ûŮ˵СѨˡ
ððҿҪˡ
Ǿһɡ
һеôô߿ô顣
Ů˵СѨ糰һůˮѹͷeߣҲ˵ˡ˲䣬ǧ橵Ŀ󣬳ճյ˵ı仯СȥһֲŪˣһָƺ֪eôġ
Ҷﳤγӣǧȴţ˫ְ䣬ƨ̧ø߸ߵģǸԲѨ׵Һ彫ģճճ±ߵľջƺڻӭҺ
ȣƨɣջϴӣŮźϵĺ촽ĵеĿǶôǵŮ
Ҷﳤד㣬Ҽ˵Ůˡ
ǧЦǽõדҺÿġҾ뵱һ˷ŮˡŶ⾫Һĸоĸоеʻġʵģġ
ĻҶﳤú⣬Ҳʡ
ǧֵ࣬ûߣԸ˯
˵ƣڱeⲻ̸¶˵ĶԸʩӽļƻҶﳤЩɣףûʸֹ
ǧЦ߰Сӣһλϴʸ񽲾ֶΡ
ҶﳤЦ˵ǣҽˡ
ǧҡҡͷ˦ѩ׵䣬ɣ΢Ϊλһ·Ҳ˲ŮˣǲģùһЩֶΣ㿴ˣҲֻһ䱰޳ܰɣ
Ҷﳤȵô᣿
ǧЦôҪǵãɹˣλǱˣ죬Ҫλֶvʲôǿ㲻ЩҲ£
ҶﳤԶԣеĲƽǸһͰˮͷ¡
ǧ橵ҪǲôɣɣӢۺܣƾԼΪɳϷſڵġ
λĽҶﳤ˵ѾƻˣҲƻļƻ
ģ̌ͷɫѲҪһĵĻһӵĿ𣿡
⻰Ҷﳤסˣ簵ҹгһ·𻨡
԰ôȥܳɹ̳һҲֻ˵ԼǸܣҪԼ͵̤һ
§ýģǧӲʵ˵ˣôˣ˵˯ɡ
ˬ⣬ӵϲŮˣҶﳤߡ



14 θ

ˣ
eҶﳤڰʩӽһߣȥһЩСһӵϣҪ£˷ȴȻnһѺӣЩСץסŤ;֣һкȻ˼µ塣
֮ĵҲʶƣСҹֱӰͱ»ȥЩжƫһ֮䣬Լɥʧ̳Ȩ
ؾѣҶﳤпտգˣ̧ͷһǧشǰȭ
ҹˮ¹أeһ㶼ڡ
ģۣ̌ȣỺӭ¹һ棬װף¹ʱ棬ʡ
ʱǰģŰһתʱӰӰȰµǴëҲںڷ⡣
εı仯УһƨʱʱԼԼʱƨɹĹĵģģǺصĲλ¹ʱƨʱѩ˪ɹ˼ңŮ˵Ķ£ƨͬƣջ֮
̬ȻǴȭȴϢ޳֫赸Ǻһ룬ƺҶﳤǧ橻عͷ΢΢һЦô˯ˣ
˻Ҷﳤоޣһ³ذǧشϣһγ˵Ůٶڼ±һ̯ˮ
ֱɫЪϢҶﳤʵ㣬ûʲô취ʱıһһ˵òʲô𣿡
ԼУ
ǧƽش𣬡䲻ǽ̹ǸʦڣԶͨɫͷ⣬ͣ沿Ա仯˵¶˷
ҶﳤЦԣΪǴģУҲûǸ߶ȡ
룬ǧ˵Ҳ£зӵġһҩԼuļֻҪעȥӦЧ
ҶﳤŽɣļٵģɱƭң
ǧҲͣҴ뿪ȡҩһ룬ָҶﳤ
ӵʱ䣬׳ļѸѹαɸݣһƣڣϵ٣Ϊһͨˣ˶İ
ԾһգҶﳤ𣿡
ǧЦͦãˣ֮ǰǸͣǱֶ雡
Ҷﳤ˶٣㣬ͲΪʲôҪ𣿡
Ҳ㡣ǧ橻ӻ֣ҵһ˭Ҳ˭ͦá
㶣Ҷﳤʵʲô؂S
ǧ룬ɫѡ
ҶﳤһЦˡ
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ϣҶﳤʾĵص㣬гһĺţһ 󣬹۲춯Ȼм־ʩӽӺ˳ˣŻ£ƺ
ⲢɺϣյuĻᣬ֮жСܣڰᡣ
¹˵أ峺ˮ
ʩӽǬŻƺûµóҶﳤֻ֪αװʱӲһ䣬nеõеùеҩʩӽΧˡ
㡢˭ʲôʩӽһ±ѣͽȴûע⵽ΪһЦ㡣
ʩӽϾЦˣɻûڣһԺס֡һ۾Щ꣬첽ɫš
Ǹʲôұ˰
Ҷﳤֻܳһʩӽǰʩӽü΢壬Щ״Щ½֦æ֣ŭ
ͷ£ҶﳤʵeԼأ߿Ƶ·ӣ뱩¶ҹֻǳǱ׾첲ϻǰ˼
ס֣ס֣ѾˣǾҪ군ˡ
Ҷﳤ˼˵ǰʩӽ󣬵˵סʩӽжû֡
Сġʩӽ
ҶﳤҴ򣬺·Щֿɲ뷢з磬̶̼룬ҶﳤϰһֱʱѪûüк顱һһͷϣǰֱڡ
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Щһ֪˭һܡʱһɢ
ʩӽnȥסҶﳤ״æһʩӽeιȥˡ
e꣬ʩӽЦãԼټ˼ϧòô洵ˣĪܳĂҲ֪ԼģǰԷģ
ôһ飬Щܹˣû취ҪʩӽԿõҽԺ
ҽԺĵһ䣬ſֵĻʿҲǡҶﳤһ֮ԵǴԱҽҽ飬ûʲôˣҪ˿ڡ
Ҷﳤһ·װԣ͵͵۾ǴææȥģȡҩƴΣʿȹ´ϸϸģСƨԲģȹӳŵúýвһ
ҽҪַ룬ǧ橸ϵɷ˵㽫˶ߡ
Ҷﳤ˿װԣǧ˿ڣָ£ֹѪְñҪͻԭסؼȥ
У㣬ҪݣסͨźҶﳤݵϺ㲡
İɣǸʩŮ˽ˣõҩסõĲģҿ϶úÓһʡ
ǸŮأ
˵Ҫ¶ߣ㣬Ǻúչ㡣
Ҷﳤ˵ͷԷǮƣԼķдۣͿôеڶˡ
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ڱǰǧҽˣ˪úˡ
ҰģnҲȶ˵ǧһȥˡ
Ҷﳤû¶ģٴδҶﳤģ̲סٺЦֵܣڸϷ𣿰Լһӡ
ҶﳤشҲΪҸɻЦ˰ɣӲǰغͺ󱳶һԱˡ
ֵ۹⿴Ҷֵܣ治жӰҵļƻĵ˿Ʈ
˵ĸ磬͵ЦɡҪײϣٻӦ䣬д鷳ˡ֪ԷͶȦأȻˣûҲסʩӽ˾ͻ䵽ŮeȻع⣬룬Щ䵽eʲô
Ҷﳤѵʱϸ˵һ飬ĺ岻
ĵͷεҶֵˡȻ´ˡ
Ҷﳤɫĸ磬Ҳ˵ӦȡȻǩǸЭȻѾˣôҷȥɰɣҲܰء
ĺ彻ɫҶﳤİĿǰҲûбĺ÷ӣȥɰɡ
˼һ£εصͷ
˵¶岻֪ʲô¶ɫ̶࣬еÿûˡ
ֵܣҽԺeסôãûгeĻʿζeĻʿϵġ



15 ˲֪

ҶﳤŹ֣˵ʲôҲ̫ס
ļƽؽ˵eĲֻʿǾϸѡѵģЩͻǱԺһ룬ͦߵģȻΪʲôeǱҲҽԺ
ҶﳤǾ㵣̶뵽ԼסôãûһʿʹļףæЩʿϣЩǲϵģ
ûסVIPͨʿⲡeĻʿȫϣһ簲e˭֪㡭
ҶﳤգпϧԺȴͻȻֳǴӰһûɵһʹ
ԼһμǸСʿⲡeǿȪˮǬQһ޻Լ崿ڼõĸо벻ôõŮӣҲġϹˡ
Ҷﳤһeζ
ϣʩӽǰ̽ˮҶﳤϣ
ʩӽɫװ׳߸Ь˧ĳӳ£Ŀԣˡ
Ц绨ʩӽ˵ллˡ
Ҷﳤŷڴߣ˵˼û㣬ˡ
ʩӽڴϣҶﳤŵϵˮζϵĲƺ̺ϼ֡
ҽʩӽԼӪС⡣أʲô֣ʲôְҵ
ҽаտһҹ˾ܸлʶʩ雡
ҶﳤգֻŮ޹ǣ䣬޲Ųźá
һֿҶﳤݹһƬ˵ǰʩһ档ϱʩ̸ģ˺ײ㡣
ʩӽƬԭһұȫ˾ԷͷܾһЦȫ˾雱˿ˣô֤˵İȫ
ҶﳤѧӣԴ˵Ϲ߲ãܵƣûӺˮƽгġֻҪһᣬ֤һԼ
ʩӽͷðǳԸú̸̸
ˡҶﳤ˵
ǺǣɡϾҵĶˣҵĴӢۡ˵ʩӽ̲סЦȻޣٸĶ˷ϣ˵Ѫһˡ
˼䣬ʩӽǶȥҶﳤ͵ţڸЬۿԶȥҡڣȶˡ
תҶﳤĳȣĵŬûа׷ѣͷˡֻҪٶӼѾɹˡѣܻͷ
һǧ߽ˣñ״ӣһġ
һŮˣҶﳤeһ񿴵̫һ̹
ǧ橽ݣͷ˿ڵģȷû¶ҪȥҶﳤæס֣˵㣬Ͳ𣿡
һЦǧ˵Сϰţв˵ءȣҲõпյİ
ҶﳤЦƫߣҪ˵仰
˵ɣ˵ҵʱɱ󡣡ǧЦġ
ղʩӽˡ
ҿˡ
ûǧ˵꣬Ҷﳤ죬һڣŷߣeȵģôһá
֮ʩӽҶﳤԷڳ֮ǰҶﳤòһ׼ǧ橽Լ󣬽ʲôͷͣʲô·Ť
Ҷﳤüӣǧ˵ָ˳ˡ
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һʩӽһܳҽԺҶﳤߣͬһҸߵƵͲ͡
¡Ͳ߲˶ѣӨĵλεģҶﳤĴŮ
ʩӽһԸ߹󡢵šԸУ³ǿ𣬾;ԵĿ⣬ӷԱò͵ĿˣȵĿͶٸϣҶﳤߣƿ
һɫСVͿڣbԼɼ±һɫοȹƨɱԲ򣬽׵Ĵڿ洦ʱʱ֣˴۸
ٸʮˣϻ˥ϵĺۼһ׹壬Ƭ촽Σһ˫۾鶯ԣرתʱ֣ǡ
·ʱʩӽҲʱ͡ȫŮ˵ᡢȣŮº͵ӡ
˾ʱʩӽд裬䣬й鹵ôbˣĹӿӿʹֱ
Ҷﳤ˵ллæ㿪Ŀ⣬һġ
ͲʱߵĽ˹ϺţšҶշڣƮƮeŨϺζȫĭסմСIȫ
˲ʱȾƣ淢硣
ʩӽ֬һ˫۳Ц⣬һˣżȻЦǰѣe߲ʲô
ˣ
ҽʮˣʩ雡
ˮۣҶﳤʩӽ̾һ˵ʲôʩ難̫ˣʩ㡣
ʩ㣬ҾͲˡҶﳤЦϣͷҺ죬һ
˱ӣʩӽ°뱭ƣϵĴ荽׹⡣
ﰡǿֻǱֻҷһ棬eĿ࣬e֪˵ʩӽ۷⣬鰧ݡ
ʩҲп𣿡Ҷﳤһĵʡ
ǵȻʩӽҡҡͷ쳣ʧ䣬˾зաҵķգһҲȱٰôãeҲǼįúܣһֱҸɿ㰡
Ҷﳤüʩ㲻ģûˣ㻹ᣬкܳ·ҪߡҪŵùĻԺֵ㣬ʲô£ǻ빲
⻰ʩӽһЦˣúúˣȻߵĻ㹲𰡡
ҶﳤˣϷȣǬЦֲãʩЦˣ˵ӽ˵պֽ̼С
ûб£ҲǿġʩӽĻǺ˸жģҼסĺˣԺڱУɣ
ҶﳤȤǺãԺҾ͸ʩˡ
ʩӽһӣˬа㵱Ǭܵܰɡ
Ҷﳤ΢΢һЦÿɷֻǾƣ㣬ܾܵ㣬ԺЯ֣һͬơ
ðܵܣͦ˵
bžһȻԺһڡ
ʩӽ纣Ļ鹵¶ĴزҶﳤеһʯջæȾƵĶΡ
һ׾¶ǣҶﳤȵģʩӽۣϱߵĳʹͷ¶ø࣬촽Ȱ
Ҷﳤ촽ĿһĵŮȷʵǸ˵˭뵽Ǹء
ҶﳤûзӦʩӽɨɨ΢Ц˿УðɣȾơ
һ죬ˮǣֽ
һƿƺǬҶﳤеκʩӽ䶼ˣȣ˯
Ҷﳤˣ֪ܺˣæǰ˵ʩ㣬߰ɣؼˡ



16 ̧ͷһ精

ʩӽվ㵹ˣͷ˵һܺȵģǿƣ𣿡
û취Ҷﳤ¥İ˵Ƿǰ뱧һľڲסϵ֫ϸеԡ
ҶﳤֻҴݣҡҡ˯ʩӽʵʩ㣬Ķ
ʩӽۣ˵һţ˵ԿeȻӣƺ˯ˡ
Ҷﳤ˯̬ƽ糺죬һһǶȣؿͷƵģȥƾ־סݡ
ʩӽƵ꿪˷䣬ԿзţҶﳤȥҺλʩ㲻ôء˵Ů٣ʩӽ㲻ࡣ
˾Ƶ귿䣬Ŵɳ£Ǵȴȹӿ洦װ׳һز·֧ø߸ߵģܾȣһʱѲ
һɫŮˣһȱٷŮˣҪ˵ģǳΪԼ侲Ҷﳤȥϴ˰ˮ
صʱʩӽë֫ȻˣnҶﳤЦЦ˵ϣӢ۾ҪڹŴӦˡ
Ҷﳤҡҡͷ˵ϣʩң˵ʲôҪҲұɡ
ʩӽλεվ˵ðɡ
ҶﳤЦɲңˣϢɡ
ʩӽЦˣ˵㲻Ҿϴȥˡɱ͵꣬һΣȥ֮ǰһȹӵȥº󣬻ɸۡ
Ҳ˰ɣһϴô
Ҷﳤҡҡͷҳǰϴϴɡ
ʩӽһ߽ԡeˮǻˮҶﳤȶˮһ㣬ûغõԡҴţeһУ¶΢Ц
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ȻǱ뿪֮³ӰжôʧˣԼ֮쳣ûȤ
ڼe꣬һ׳ǣj𿺷ܣƫƫŮˣþˣԼеⷽĲ΢һ̼Ϳ̣Ҫй
ͷԤԼ...
˿̣ԡeˮeĲʹǰҶﳤ΢΢һЦʼ˵
ʩ㣬֮ǰסԺʱ˵飬Ӧе˽⡣
ҶﳤԴɷȥ԰ûֹκţԸҵѵӰԺþҲϣԽԽȻ׷ڣδйԷ...
ԡeʩӽûаӦֻˮ
... һŮˣô£ĿǱ˴˶ʶãôҿ⡣
Ҷﳤʩ㣬˲پƣҾͲˣһЩ̸ɡ
Ҫ뿪ʱԡڴһ׹沣ѵҶﳤһвãʩӽˣһԼ
ԥ֮ʱԡeһҽУ졣
ЩҶﳤû뿪ɣ֪壬ҲֻӲͷƤɼԡȥ
ʩ㣬ʲô¶ˣҶﳤʡ
һԡţſˣûһ˿ҵŮûʪûҲûеˡѪǰģʩӽվԡe룬ǵװȹһⶼûУnԼһȭ
ȭ죬ҶﳤȻѾ׼һ»ûӦת۾ȭԡң
㡢ʲô˰
ʩӽ˵Ǵ㡣һ΢¶ӼӿײŤǯʽ־ȭ
顱顱ǿȭҶﳤؿϣҽһӻ˻Σˤ
ʲôѽʩ㣬лú˵𶯱
ҶﳤǱأһȻݼȴҲһ档ʩӽӵĲһѾ˲ݺӵĵزԼҰ·ӳģˮƽ˲ֹһ㡣
ǯ׮һʩӽÿһ¹켲籩꣬ȴӽҪӼȣ֣Ӵ֡֡֡ţһ·ճٻţҶﳤľ
ֶգʤ岨Լǣһ·Ѱһᣬȭı̣ʩӽŮǿܴȴܰ򣬵Ҳܰϼǣץ׼Լϲм㣬ԼͰֻҲûС
֮£װԸǴ...
ְ㻹Ǹ𣿡
ʩӽȹӿ洦̧һȣȣˣϧǸ͵ģѸײڶ֮ƣҶﳤϡ
ҶﳤҽһƨأڵϹ˼ײϣҪŵƻ⡣
ΪǶͨˣʩӽܶʹã´Ҷﳤģ򣬿ʩӽļʽһ羢שҲܴ飬ϣɱʲôȭöࡣ
£Ҷ೤ֻܾװöԷ֡
۵ֱҧҶﳤڵʩӽһں󱳣Ҷﳤѡ
תͷһϿ˵ְֳԲ㣬ȹӵĲʹ˺֪ȹeû¶ǲʲôӣeǺܽˡ
ĿԽȣʩӽüۣ˫ȭǶԴӹóþֹ
쵰ʵҾŪ㡣ʩӽף˺ݾ
ʩ㣬ΪɶҪңҡʵڲסҶﳤſڵϣ˵ңжҡ
ʩӽǲ
Ҷﳤǰ취֮Уһַ죬ץסʩӽȹڣ͵һһȹھڸѣһ
һɫСڿ㣬ʱ¶οƣۣëĿܵһ͸ɴģҶﳤǶȣÿһߣƺˮ
էһ˵ʩӽûҶﳤĿɿڴ˴ӵ
ȹ°ڵĶѣʩӽҲһȻһ㼸룬ǿ˻ˡ
ȻĶ˫滤ɣתͷܣһnԡҡ
Ҷﳤ⣬ǳԾӵǰζëͺߣ漴Ӧ˵תͷſܣûܵʩӽٶ
վסåվס
һٻӰǰһ𣬺ſϣǸŮˡ
ôô죬ôôĻ·ҶﳤϿһۣЦԭ... ʩӽûлȹӣȹӣײģǳЦ
˵ղſʲôˣʩӽ˫eڲģŭܰ
ҶﳤһЦɶҲûûҿأʲôûˡ



17 ͬ־

ʩӽһһһָɳ˵ԹȥһҪأҪܣߺߣô㡣
ҵ·ͷ󌣬Ҷﳤɳϣû£¹ţʲô
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վҶﳤǰʩӽˡ
Ϊʲôҷ֮ǰúõ𣿡Ҷﳤµ˵Ϻϻء
ʩӽЦΪ㲻Ǹö
Ҷﳤһ˫һ̯װһ޹ӣ˵ʩ㰡ʲô˼
ʩӽۣĿСˡ
ҺһҲеϰߣҵϣȫ鲻˵ǲ⣿ϣֵ̫ɺ˰ɣ˶Ըң͸պóˣôպã
ҡҡͷҶﳤ˵ʩ㣬Ļ֮ǰڹ⣬ûʲôҵϣƬϵĹ˾ַ绰ģһ֪
Щطʮ
ʩӽƽһЦ֮ǰ֪ж˽ӽңӢ۾ģuģˣƵģȫ·һʲôöġˣҼöˣ
һץסҶﳤӣʩӽ˵ɣĿʲô
ҶﳤĵҵĿǲǨܸ㡣
̾һҶﳤ¶֮ǵӣüɳƵ˵㣬ʵ˵ɣҵĿ...𡣡
⻰ô˵
ҶﳤָָԼϵ֣ʩӽſˣǰ
Ҷﳤ˵Ҹ˾г𣬴СҾͺ乫˾Ҫ
Ϊʲô
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Ҷﳤֱʩӽ۾̹Ȼ˵ڻܸ㣬Ը⣬Եպǽˣһ㣬ҪǲԸ⣬ھͿǸλҸףҴ
㣬õ̻Ҹ𣿡
ʩӽЦһһ죬ٿٿأҶﳤֻһĨӰһ죬Ա߲輸ϵһƿӦѡ
Ǹƿǳʵκ˶Խ֮ɻ飬Ҫһ֮䣬ԭ飬ƬɳȥеľãͲܿЦˡ
Ҷ೤һȻʩӽʼնһһһԣƺе⣬ЦҪô؂S
Ҷﳤ˵ҪأҪĿͿeˣ͸Ͻʶ㣬һѡֻҪͦסӾѹҪ... ȻҵĿĻֹͷһкܶ
˵Ҷﳤط㡢Ȼ¶ĳޣȫαʱʩӽݣ󠿪֡
һָԡңʩӽ˵ȥϴɣʵ̫ѿˡ
ӦһҶﳤԡȥˣٳʱһƿưϣe˺ɫҺ塣
һǽ壬ʩӽ洺磬ɳϣ΢Ц泩
ɡı֣⡣
ɳϣԶľ룬ҶﳤЦղſɰŻˣҲݣؿڻ۰
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ʱˣҶﳤǣʩӽ͵ſڣֶ𣬵ȵ¥ҶﳤЦݺء
·ϣȵʱ⣬ͦοղŵС粨һжˡ˳ĻͿԸһˡ
뵽Լؼ澰±һߡ
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ƣڹģɱģԼеǸӣʵڷθǺڹòλָԭһվӣǳ˳ۣΪ⡣
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ԲԲôeҶﳤѧãĿϺɨǴα˴˵彻ůԼ˸ɵò̫δǿВ񻨣ˬģͦġ
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ҶﳤʣΪʲôѽ
ԲԲߵ̫Ե̫عءǲ˸ǸģҪ¶ҵӣһ˺ô˼Ҫڸǣƭѣeھεġ
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ҶﳤЦԲˣԲԲûס弸¾ͳƻİ顣
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Ҷﳤƿ֣ȰԲԲѾˣͺúܰɣҪСѨģͣ
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ôͶˡҶﳤԲԲƨɣͱŮӵСشŮ˵Ȥ
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һҶﳤ񫣬ֱɵ˲ͣ
ϣԲԲһȳһߵġʱ˵ҧһڡ



18 û·õĺ

ɹԲԲҶﳤľˬ˯õú㣬һҲûаһŰֽΪơ
ǹ¶ǧһΣΪλԲԲЩСͲУѵβŮ˵ٻй؂S𣿾УԼҲɹԲԲĴŮǧƫƫֲǴŮ⵽Ϊʲô
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Դ̶۾һĴ˵ֵܰⶼΪ˾ãô᲻ȫ֧Ԯأ˵ɣô죿ϵɽ»𺣣⡣
Ҷﳤ˵ûôء齨ȫ˾ҪһСҵԱҵúú
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ָվãһֺţøͦոͷ
ҶﳤվǸǰ󿴵ңҡҡͷҿҡͷ
⼸ʮe˵ռһ룬ЩģһũƵģһûʲôĻЩģееĸеĴееĴаеİͷȾɲɫʲôʲôƵģܡ
զˣθ𣿡Ҳôˡ
Ҷﳤüͷ˵磬û˰
UֵܣҲⰡĶҪ˲šЩfģ˳鲻Ǹɶֵܣ۲ܹ⿴˵ȡˣҲǵı°˲š
˲ţҶﳤԴֽ
Ȼȡˣ´˲ţôʲôںɡ
ҶﳤȰ̭ЩվһǰȻһȭţԽԽġ
ѵֵܣʵսģġ
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ڶ鲻ӣȻеſϽУеɵϴеߺ
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ڴСеУЩආˣͦһ᳡ֻʣ졢Ҷˣˣ仨š
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Ҷﳤһļ˵ˣ磬û¶ֻʣкѡ𣿡
֣ص˵ֵܣܽеģĶˡЩܸɵģҪλϣá
UһҶﳤпᶼܴˣɶᰡ̫Цˡ͸ղ˵ʣʩӽˣЦãƻûʵʩǨ¶ô
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ȥģڰ칫һˣ̬ȺܹЦݣǿǰһߣЦʧˣ˿Ƶè۶
˽£˵Ǩ¶̲ݻˡ
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ĵͷǵȻˡ⼸춼üˣǶгõĴͻǵĲүгʲôʱ򿪹ˣǺþפӪҵҶ˵˶ٱˡôȥӰ¶ġ
ôײ˶ɼ̬ԡ
˵ģҶֵǱѾʩӽϹ؂Sˣ¶š
𣿿˵˵һˡĵèۻ
Ҷﳤ¶ԼԼѽһ飬ͷ˵ȷʵǺ¶ֻҪʩӽƣǵĴ¶ɳɡ
һӣģֵ¶ô죿
ĳĬһ˵öϱˡΪ˴¶Ҳ˲ôˡɣһ㣬Ұ˸ɹȥ
ƵģЩСǵʱ䲻ˡ̶۶ġ
èۣҶﳤ˵вУԼˡ
磬Ҷﳤڻ᳡e۵С۵صڲĻʲô
ʱ䣬ˡʱ᳡ſˣһ˴룬ʮˣзȣְֱ֮ҵһ㡣
˸ǰһվ졢Ҷ˶ˡ
ʱĴҴҽ˵Ҷֵܣ㿴Щ˻ɰɣ
Ҷﳤǰ˵ǰģǲ֪ôпðɡ
ĵ˵һµġ
˵԰
Ҷﳤ˼飬ָһ˵УҴжȫʹ
Ӧһڳһ˫ȭ
עˣˡҶﳤˣһȭȥѡ
겻ŲæһزƴҶﳤĸ첲һ壬൱Ѹ١
Ҷﳤ۷ɽţһֻȭϡ
˫ʱȭཻ֮֫ԹľȲ
һʮغϹȥҶﳤûн򵹣иˣæ֣ͣСضӺģ˾ˡ
ҶﳤΪǸпܾһôǿģԼײˡôýԣܳ
г꣬ȻˣܺҶﳤʮغϣ·磬Ҷﳤһɻ󣬿ʱbǵͷЦЦû˵ʲô
ҶﳤֽûԹϹ۲һֵ˵һһĲ񫣬ǴȺܡһңҪȫԸ
Ŀȥû˵ʲô˵ͷ
ҶﳤΧתȦͻȻͬʱֹ֣Ҷﳤ·
ҶﳤȭơߣǿӦȥڶֽˡմˣˣҶﳤæһͷ
մʮغϣҶﳤϰһȭһţȻҲˣҶﳤȴ¶иǲ졣
ļʱͣ˻ضӡ
ҶﳤһӢӣԽԽϲǵĴ磬ñڵñӣһͨ乤ˡ
ĸ磬ǴeҵЩӢģ
԰ģǵô֪
Ľ֧С˴ߣȳֻʣˣ˵Ǵѵһ֧ǵ֣Ҳˣһ˱ȵ˵ģȫǵĳǶe׼ôһˣȴӲáǸʲôõģӲ˵Ҳڴ粻ڣмãóЩ˿ɶǱ׵ģϺһ؂SҲûС
Ҷﳤϲºˣǣǵļƻ˳ˡ
ϲ֮ţҶﳤҲƣ͵͵׼ЩûãǷڷЩʲôǰΣǷб˲֪شǣ



19 

ĳϣҶﳤӣһȥʩӽĵصгһϣeط
·ٺҫһɰͦΡֱСϣӣӾϣѾ˽кá
ʩӽĿ벻ֵµôڣô͡
ǿ˷ġҶﳤһʩӽһЩ˵֡
ϣ⴩װ°׿㣬ʴʵM֡ͷûɢԺβӢˣŮͷ
Ϊȣǰ͹̣ټ绨Ͷ֮䣬ɢ˵
ҶﳤĵЩԱҺǾþѵءʵԼԿeƵģϻװһ
ʩӽһ֣Сһǰһϡֻ͵һץץסǰǸһһƣǸС˳üȥӻ˻Σûе¡
ԺߵСӣʩӽСҲߣ˫ضϣʩӽһ£Сȥʹӣվ
ʩӽΪͣãġ
Сӵȥʩӽٳʹڶ˵ϸһƣȻܴǡ¸ֵüɫ裬ֲͣˡ
ʩӽҶﳤǰЦе˵а˱¹ӲгeЩǿˣרҵ˲ţҶϲˡļһǣʵǴeҵЩģ
ҵܣͷܸ㡣
Ҷﳤ΢ЦΣeůġ
ʩӽɫ˵ģЩ£һµöǮ˵ۣe
һ£ҶﳤԷ˵ʩ㣬ǵĹ؂SѰҵŻݡ
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ҿɣ¡
ףãҲзðܲܰðɣ
ڣʹáͷ⣬̸Ǯ㿴զ
ʩӽһ㶣ʵ˵ģ
ôƭʩأ
ʩӽĿʣ׵ҿǁ˴ˡýθмǰ
ҶﳤЦֻҪ󣬾ǶõĻرˡ
ĵȤгʩӽҲû⡣һƬʱʩӽվסˣ֪eˡ
ҵ绰һأһܹһ¡
ʩӽתҶﳤ˵ã̯λˣҵøϽȥ
ҶﳤʾҸһȥ
һ֣ʮСӴӦһһ˳ʩӽȥ
ֵܵʱ㿴һƽķˣˣѸյͨ
ʩӽһӾˡƽʲˡʹյҲʲôµǻĵӰԺ̫ʱҪǰӰԺˣ汯ˡ
յežĻ֣ʩӽ㴷أҪ޳ЩΧǳţеĽеĚUеķɵ
Ҷﳤһ߹ƣһ˵ʩ㣬𼱣һġ
ʩӽͷʵôûе
˻شʩ難ͱˣ·ء
ʩӽôǵðҵӰԺ˲ǻҪѽٴ绰ʡ
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ʩӽյ˵Ҫô죿ܿô𣿡
ҶﳤˣԼ֯Ȼɣܾȵɶɶ
ʩӽγѣֵѽԼȡ
ҪȻг̻ɵӣֳ֣ЩĽʩӽۼˣһǰ𣬸ɫ
˵難аղԹˣ̫ˣѶ̫ߡûȵмˣеĴӷϵרҵɡ
ô죿ҪյϷԺ𣿡ʩӽĻ棬ҡ
㣬԰ɡ
㣿Ȼ𣿡
Ҳһᣬпܻᡣǡ
Ҷﳤܹȥ˼䣬תʵ㣬ǾȻĹߺͲȫɣ
ʩӽشȫɳӡ¡䡢ӵȣǰ涨׼ģиѹˮͷš
ǾˡǾȻȥ
һ£ʮСӸȥˡʩӽҲ˸ȥʹܾȻϷҲҪù
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ָӵ£ʮ˸ùߣʼǼϸѹˮͷԴһ󡣻С󣬱ȺϷˣйһ̯
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澪ˣȺСӵĹ£ֻʮӱס˻ƣȵؽֳʱֻʣ֮ˡ
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ʩӽԼزңôһܸɵĺһˡ
ºʩӽҶﳤֲţмӯҪЩСӡҶﳤûܣʩӽǣǽˡ
ֻʣ¶ദʱʩӽٴθл
ضˣû㣬Ҳ֪ʧ󰡡
ԼˣôˡֻҪԺʩչһǵˡ
ʩӽȻǻ˵öǹ˾ˡн⣬ҲǺġ
Ҷﳤ˵ҲǵĸӦòһԭ򣬿Ȼ֣Ϊġ
ʩӽ˵ҪȻҲͰˣҪŻҾŹǣһӱ
ҶﳤѵһƬмذɣ
Ȼˡ
˭ɵģһ¼Ӱʲôˡ
˵öԡ
ңԱӴǡ
һʱε¼ӰˣĿתĶǺڰ׻档¼ӰֻһǶ¼ģҪĵ˲ſȥ
㿴˰Сʱҵֻ˴һ˿һҵmȥȻͣϳһ̵ˡ
㣬ôʶ𣿡
һҵÿǵȷ
ǣҶﳤʩӽѼǶȵ¼Ӱͨһ顣
ʶǸҵľߣɵġ²ܾôˡҪǼӱʧʩӽָһҧ˵
ҶﳤЦⶡСҹͰѱȴûסʩӽ֣˵㣬İɣڣһźΪģȻɳ£ԾĹͷеǺÿġ
ʩӽӦ鼫ãûٳЦԲҲûջԼ֡



06



01 ٱӰ

ʩӽİ칫һС¥С¥¡磬гһͷվ¥ƽ̨ϣظߵˣȥϵκη紵ݶһĿȻ
ôѡַеģ¶ر棬ʩӽᾡ֪֮ƶ䣬С¥ǷҪá
ξȻУҶﳤıԱֲͻʩӽʧ͵Сʩӽϲİ壬뵽С¥ʹְ
ղӳáҪ¶˵ǹλֵġλŮϰڴ绰վڰ칫Ҷﳤ
ҶﳤһƷκ˶ĸ룬ҲϣվԼҶһ
յʩӽرŮζɵĳ磬һιG绨һĿػӰӯӯˮ欣˫תʱǣ֡
֧µıӵļӳ֣ŮĴ綼һˣһɫȹϱС¶Сۡ±ߵȹ޳Բǰһڸϵһ˫ͬɫĸ߸ЬĺΣͤͤһڹ͵쾡£Ƶһ¾硣
绰ǰվƶ˵ʹĽСȶ촽䶯ŤǱԲֽƨɣƺҲĵζʹҶﳤ۾ֱˣĳλط仯
ӳǸ֤͸ȥңҪ˼ӣǾͼˡŶǶ಻˼鷳㰡
µ绰ʩӽ˵һ͵˵ȥ˵Լȡ̫ˡǵһؽǺõģؼʱ˼һ㡣㻹û𣿡
ԷԼг֮⣬Ůϰкܵ⡣
ҶﳤЦЦ佱һӶ
ʩӽգۣ˵˵ҶǸ̫ˣôᣬôῴ̫š
Ҷﳤ˵˭ϣ϶ͷϹӡ
ʩӽЦˣЦúÿģ۳һߣϣ顣
һӳҲһλŮأȤġ
һǻرһ°ɡ
ھ죬Ҷﳤ֮ΨֲҪ˵һ롢һʡӿ졣
ʲôûʲô¶
ǣǣ̫ˡҿͲҶﳤ˵Ҫߣʩӽһסб˵ʵʲô¶ǲƭöŮӣ˼Ҹ㣿
Ҷﳤűµ˵ƭľ㣬²°
ʩӽһЦܷȫû޻ء
˵ЦʩӽԵ˵ǰľģһȺں֮ڣ˵ͱ˼ˣӡǣҲˣԷˣԴ󵨵ظǿĵס
Ҷﳤʾ㣬İɣǺһսһ죬ͱóѡ
ãһģ֪ͨҲǺ۸ġʩӽ˵ţ˵֡Ҷﳤеֵĳ⣬ֻҪ⣬ɹԶˡ
ʩӽ첽صϰϣɫĴӺߣ˵
ſǱӵĶԱС£վñֱ
ʩܣֵķӳˡ

С´Ӧһȥˡܿ죬һŮ˽ͦΣýž˵̬ٿ㲻촽Ŀֻ沿Ӳ飬ŮӾ˰ɡ
ʩӽæӭȥס֣洺˵ӳһӭ
ӳ˵ʩáʩ˸һӡ
Ҷﳤˣߣû߳ɡ
ӳҸһ£ҵ֣а˿ˡ
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ҶﳤֻЦЦ˵ģȳȥˡ󲽳ȥȥ˸ڡǵӾڸڡûˣ˶ȥˡ
ˣеڿ飬е˼еȭ
һЩĵҪΧⳡֵģʩӽṩ¼ϡ˼ûкùӳˡ
ûʲôģҶﳤͺ̸¶θõرʩϰгά档Ƿص㲿λӦüǿȣӦʱֵܳսȵȡ
˵ŻŮ⾭Ȼڵİ칫ݺݺ࣬˵˵ЦЦöҶﳤˡ
ݣʩӽ칫ǰûϣ϶ñڿӡ
ֻʩӽڡɧšĸŮڵһһУ˵ô㣬ôۡ
ŮЦнð˼ֱˮ
ʩӽԵڶŮϮأץ˼ѣץöԷм߿ţתضʱĽ
СѾͷֳˣǲǽ˸ģ
Ůûж㣬Ť˵аϸѻ˼ˣһֱûҡ
ô˵Լˣ̫˷ˡҸһɣ˼ҹ񫣬Զʳ٣һСӣİ
ŮЦ˵ҲŲҪأԼŰɡ
ԵŮʩӽ֣ƨģ޵ԲˣʵǲǸ󰡣ҼǵѳСݸɵģôá
ԱŮ廰ʩ㲻֪ǸˣֻһøƵģǿ
ʩӽȻ˵ˮúãѹƨɱôˡǸŮƨžžš
ŮûжţЦųܣϽ͵ǸҪڳģһصġ
Աߵͬ´Ȥô˵Ǳ˸ˮˣ
ŮЦһţЦ𣬸ߵȣҶﳤֱü
ŮôôȺҶﳤɣȡɣ
ŮƨϿͣҲǲܵġҪǡŮͬԼЩӵѪɾͰ׷ѣȫŪˡ
ٿڣʩӽԵĸŮ֣Էסɫ֡Ůȱ˸߳һͷɵľҲزסġ硢ֱϸԷ̬֮ȣȱ˵ĶֱӡϸڣΪӵĹϵô׼ȷһģôȸǶôĶǰ
ʺá
㻹ӣøƯˡû𣿡
һŮ˵۾ϣһ˵ġ
ǹ˵ûôߡֻҵĹ۵㡣
ʩӽһúӣģһֱ㡣ݻ֤ݣһͿǵˡ
˵һץӣʩʧġ䡢һѿ쵶
ܺãܺãҾ͵һˡ
˵˺ЩҶﳤûϸֻǵĸŮıӰΪӰǸ̫ϤˡϤ㷲ٶһ̣æתͷһˡ



02 ϵڱ

ڰŮ֮ȻЩŮˡ
ʩӽſڳҶﳤһ֣߸Ž칫ҡɳʩӽϲɫƺÿë׶͸Цݡ
ҶﳤϺɨ¡غֵġ
ʩӽΣŶȣӡһѹһϣӳҷ˫صϡϱߵĽŻһһ̵صţһӿһӿģݏŻõСϵһһɵģϵɫѪɼ
ϽԷʩӽ۶Ҷﳤ
ޣʩ㣬ʲô¶𣿡
Ϳӯ˰ôץβͣҲĹ͡ףһ£һ¡ǻиøĺ㿴ôп𣿡
ˮĿ⣬˭ϣ˭ʰ·磿˵Ҷﳤѹܾ
ҾͲˣúһΣۡ
ðʲôȱǲȱǮ
졢ĵض˷ֿҶﳤ㷵ס
˾ʩӽ֮ЩǿɵСÿ˼ҵĵϰ࣬衣ͷĲƣ¶ȥ²ȥɵúܡʩӽ˵ģһæúܣ˾ո齨ҵ󣬲ֻǸʩӽһҺشúܡ
סʱȥġ˲࣬ÿ˶λվа֣Ϊ򼱄xġ
Ҷﳤڹߵһλպۣʱһ
ͷôɰԵȡ
ſۣҶﳤѰȥλ˵
ǱӵɫƷͷųñڵñӣϼŷ۾Ƭۿ󲻶٣ߵ۾ССģݵֳǳǳЦݡ
С£Ҷﳤһԥϳˡ
ˣҾС£ҶС۾
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ͦãͦáҾŮ˲һġͷ㷢ûУС۾һ[ۣЦţЦúء
⻰ҶﳤȤʶʩӽ֮ԤУţ಻Ϊ֪Ĺ¡
ﲻһ㣬˵˵
Ҳ˵ãƾֱóĽۡ
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С۾ͷǲǺⰡ
⻰ô
ҵ˼˵Ҫ˽һУǰ뱲ӣҿ԰ġ
Ŷ㻹Ȿ¡
С۾¶Ե֮⣬˫üһ˵ͷʶÿ˶̫ϤЩˣиľҵľʲô
ҶﳤĿڸλɨţݏع͸ӣ˵Īǣóռ鱨𣿡
һϲС۾˵ͷڵ顣Ҫ֪ʩӽ¶ҿȥ顣г֪㲻ȱǮӦò뽲۰ɣ
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ͷͷĺˡ¶ԭġҪòмֵĶҷĲȡС۾˵
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ͷ֪ΪʲôҪļЩˣΪʲôЩô̤Ϊ𣿡
ҶﳤһʵΪʲô
ǰһ˵ãֻܲ²⣬һаյġ
˵˵
ˣҲˣÿ˶ӣͨıԱǣϱȴ󣬹ȷˡÿһ˳֣ŵʮ˲ڻ¡
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lǣһøٱɣ
С۾˵ȻġǮôôĹ
ô˵бˡ
ԡ˸еĹʡ֮⣬ÿ˳ŵ
Ŷе㲻
Ϊסǣɷ˲ġÿ˵Ҫ²ͬĳŵΪÿ˵θڲͬҪͷ㲻ֶܶŵôġ
Ҷﳤüҿû˵
ûͩˡס˲ţ͵öึҵҪȽϼ򵥣ֻҪǮǮУǮð£Ǯ͸ɻ
ҶﳤֻҪǮǵѡ˵˵ôġ
С۾ٺһЦ˵˶Ǻô򷢵ģֻм˳ƵϹ̥ôԣҪи׼ǣġ
Ҽˡлл˵Щ
ͷ㲻ؿڿҵϰ尡ţǻ˵˵ʩӽ¶ֻҪǮλʼ鹤
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ˬ졣һʱڸ㶨㶨Ұѵ鱨㷿
ҵˡ
С۾šһͻȻվ˵⣬Ҷﳤ˵ʲôӣԾһӴӴ˳ȥô̧ŵģôģʲôɣҶﳤȻû塣
Ӱѳϵĳ˿;ˣʧɫδֹ¶˭ôʻĳȥ˭ҰǲҪˡ
˾ųһͷ亹͵؄x֨һУʹҲλϷʧġ
˾³ƳתһȦûеĿ³棬һϳߣ˸ӣˣҲҳҵùҲģúĹ
ҶﳤЦˣ˵С۾ʲôơ³Ļ¸̨ºˣα⾪һ١ĪǶߵ˶
ġ壬ǧ橣òᱣӵĳԱǶ쳣ɡΪ˱ôӦҽԺһ²·Ȼһ𷢷裬ҿѹס
صҽԺǧ橼棬¥¥תƼȦӰӡֵһʲ֪ҽԼĹ˭Ҳһ˲֪ڹĵʲô
֪ĹƢҶﳤûȥùҵšҪ֪ҽأǱͱΪá
߽ԼĲɳһ϶һƿƣһֽ
ƾֱҶﳤ϶ǧġЩʲôѵҪӰҡ֣ǵͦġ
ץֽһЦˡԭԼĶһ룬ҽҪһŮºȾƣҪԼŮ˲ʩӽ
ǧ֪ڶʩӽʹͼŮˣ̶ﵽյĿģаæʲôа̫˰ɣ
һ룬׷Ůˣⲻǧ橵磬˵ҲδЧ
ôʲô
Ҷﳤְ࣬۲죬ûʲô쳣
ѺƿоһûʲôŹ֡򿪸ţζ
룬Ǳ𶯡ȼλʸɣʤԼҲ¡
ԭΪϻɧǣһ̳սΣʧˡ
һϾһֽҶﳤһ



03 

룬˯ʱ߽磬ûвǶµ¶Ҫ㲻ʲô
Ҷﳤ£ͷð⣬Ҫ˼Ҹһҿ군ˡҪǰԼ׵Ĵ֣̿ǻ˵ãҺС۾Լˡ
С۾òЦݣҶﳤٴʶ˲òࡣ˭뵽ôһ۵ļһȺ֣ôĳԱҲ˰ԺιǣΪãǸ⣬ֵúúÿǡ
⣬Сӵһʱ䣬ôͰѱˡÿıж
ҴһƳҶﳤԵͷݱϸʩӽĳѧҵ״˽ܣʹ˶иӡ
ʩӽȻǳˣǺǧϱ壬˱Ӱ첻СүүⱲͶʵӰԺһͬѩ򡣵ӳиҵŬѳҵ࣬ʩϼڵزͬ죬Ƕһţжζ
ĳʹʩӽСԵӰԺⳡи飬ѧʱ־ԼҲҪүүһһҵ껪ȱĸšּӿܲˣҪ˫ȨԼҵ
ڴѧʱʩӽ֮·һתۣƫ˱ķˣһӰʦˣҶʩҼͬ⣬ײͬ⣬үǶɡΪʩҵǧС㣬ĻԼ¡һһҪȫҵͷС
ͬԭܼ򵥣Ųԡʩӽüһ׵ģǸʦȻҲǮҲϽĵӲɾʩҲԸ֮ͬ⡣
ۿһԧҪҰɢʩӽˣ׿һУ¶ģһºڷ֮ҹˣɷн顣
ʩӽͷϹȫ֧ԮǿһӰԺѸ˹ģǶ෽Ͷʣչ⣬ʱ䣬򸾳ΪĽĸ
ɷ֮ʩӽ̳ȫŲſٵأҵߵ̨ס˲ˣһֱջǼӰԺеĴǣձ㣬ʩӽɷ壬żţ˳رʩӽͷ
ǺͶǶͷʩӽ֮£ӰԺġ
Ϊ˴ﵽĿģ뾡ֶΡϴھưԼ飬һҪʩӽãҶﳤ棬ʩӽʧˡ
Ҷﳤ棬ٻʩӽ龰뵽ʹñֶΣҪǿֶϱ˶!
˼飬Ҷﳤ˼ԽԾת˼Ŷ⣬Ѱͨɹѻᡣ
죬ҶﳤصѰǧ橣ˣҴһᡣҽæüءҶﳤʱڼֵͬ±ҡȫ룬ϵģֻ¶ֻ۾
ʱҶﳤſǧȴȫûһԴͷҲصˣҶﳤûлʻǰա
ԼϣƳϣ죬ԡҹϰϰ磬ҶﳤĪˣһʻʱصһʻţ˱ǡͻŮˣǺþòɵˡ
ǵ̫µ̫ʮԼʱ֮ǰһСʱҶﳤѾطˡһɵľ¥װһûʵģɢŸ߹ʱеϢ
ԤİҶﳤںʮ򣬷źúƣֻʩӽصƵ
ʩӽʱ򣬺ڰ칫ҵֱˣɢĳϴİ׳¹һɽ´ɫţп㣬ѴֳԲϥǴƶ֫ϸϸģƨɹԲԲ̵ģǳԸˡﻹһֻɫŮ
ԵüࡢֲʧŮԵ
ûлױֻʾˡûӰĴ۾ȻĶˣǱֱͦɡ촽ͣſʱİĽ
Ϻãʩ㡣
ʩӽ΢΢һЦƤϵĶ˵㵹ͦģҪͰ
ô㣬ϲ𣿡
ļڡǺܶǰˣڳ̫ˡһ¶ϵ㷢Сз飬Ҷﳤһ
㿴ʮĴվһ˼һΪҵãСϱء
ʩӽЦЦôã֦Ҳزװ˵Ƶĵţۻң
Сܣˡ
ԱѲ˶Ʈһлأкʣɫζȫ˾ʳ
Ǻ㡣Ҷﳤץƿƣʩӽǰƿ߸ߵģŹʡ
ʩӽƾƿֳҶﳤգĿЦţ˵ʵ˵ǲ㰡ѽ˵
ҶﳤһЦ˵㣬ԩҡദôˣ𣿡
תźƿϱߵӢľӣʩӽ˻ƿӣЦЦﲻ˴ҩɣҪǸ˼ùĨǵģֱ˵ǡϲֱֱȥˣϲ˼Ҷü
һҶﳤ˵㰡ῪЦؿǰѺĵ¿ηˣôҲܸ¡
ʩӽЦЦúðˣ𣿡
ҶﳤЦţ⣬ûסƿǧ橣ǿɲˣеʣϲ⣬£˭ұ֤û¶Ҫ˶ԼȫҲ˵
Ϊ֤ףάԼҶﳤƿˣ˵㣬㿴ҵġӣ˹˵ĺźһһˮȥ
ʩӽιһ˵Сܣģġ
¾ƿƿƲˣҶﳤһ޹˵㣬ûɣ
˵ǴҩĻҲҪϷʱҪǼλʩˣǿɴ²ǰ
ƿŵһߣʩӽ˵СܰܲȡҲ̫ˡ˵Ⱥƣӣǻ㣬ΪϲǶͣû
һҶﳤʩӽ˵ôһ˵ҷˡ
ﰵǧⰡҺýһˣûʲô
Ȱ׾ưɡ㿴ôʩӽܺ˵
˵㣬˵ʲôʲô
Ǻá
ʩӽԱԸϾơһƿҺˡźÿİװɫɫĺƿӡƿӵеӣǽɫơ
һһǲñӣɰɡʩӽԼһƿƸԷһƿ룬ơ
УҸˡ
ʽȾ֮ǰҶﳤ׼ȰѵƹˣȻһǧǼмߡǼͺĲֳִͬģŵߡ
ȻҶﳤʻʩӽȥ



04 ³

ûеƹİصңԶĹŴ֧𣬷ԡڻҡ£ҹôô
ʩӽϣӳ£֮ƽ˼˫ˮĿ峺ϴЦݣƺص˳֮ҹ
ʩ㣬ʻˡףԶƯ
ʩӽůůģĿӹпþûôˣþû˶ô˵ˡлл㣬СܡŻ㣬[ۣһƬ
һҶﳤ˵ǾͿȰɡ
ãǿʼСĵط»ʩӽԼľƿӡ
˵ˡԺúúɵ󣬻иĺᡣǳΪõѣõ顣
ðͽһ𷢲ƣٻ󡣡
ײһƿӣſڿȡ
治ƣڸãζ
þͶȵ㣬һҪý㰡һƿϡ
ھ¶ǣʩӽϷҺ죬Gޱȣҡҷ£次ûȺȶ࣬ˡ
ʲôʶ𣿡ʩӽһۣһһԣµġ
þòôŮˡ
ʩӽԳЦЦŰ׹⣬˵Ը⿴Ϳɣһ̫ǲ㿴ġ
ҶﳤЦҿûôÿ̫š
УԽԽƨˡιźȾƣĲˡ
Ҳ
˿죬㣬Ҷﳤ޵óԣգҲ
ʩӽҲһڣʵҲ𣿡
Ҷﳤͷҵ򹤵ʱ򣬸ɹö˻ǶЩġ
Ժпտɵıˡ
С¶һ׮ˣʩ㣬˵㲻ǱˣģаĹôǸ˭ѧģ
¿ӣʩӽϴ˼״˵ȷʵǱˣǱصġΪ˰飬ŸġҵļҪҪˡһҲǸط
Բˣǽ㲻ˡ
ûϵġҵĹѧģҿԸ㡣һ軳߸¾ͳˣúܣڱܲãҽ˵ꨡܣһƬоˣʼպò
Ҹĸزˣ취ǿ
ѧ𣿡
ʩӽͷĵˣ˵ԣӶѡѡ䡣Ҵʱʼ䣬һֱֵ졣
ֵĹôڣʦӦúˡ뻰˵úãʦͽ
ϸֽЦݣʩӽ˵µûʦȷʵͨʦѵһĸ֣ƵϴʦһûһĶ֡ڵĴͳһġǳȫ棬ӱȭţӰޱشڸҡ
ǽҲʦһˡ
ʹڰ֣ʩӽһǫ˵Һ˼ұȲˣʮ֣Ҷѧְɡ֮⣬ҲҵֲʦУһЩʧܾõľЩ¿๦õģԡȫԸѧǲ١
ʦô׿Խʹֻѧһı£Ҳݺˡ
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˵һ䣬ĿһɣҶﳤһ㶣˵ǵǸɫҪǽһδʤ
Һûǽ㣬û㣬ȻҾͲˡ
ҶﳤЦʩӽ[˵СܣҪҷƭң˺ңһ̲סᶯ֣ͷġ
Ҷﳤ룬Ц˵Цˣôƭ㣬˺㰡Ⱦơ
һ㣬˹ˣʱȵˣֻ΢⣬Ѫӿ죬غá
ʩӽˣҲ°ͣ鳩Ժ֮硣һ㣬ҲǺȵˣ˳ƽٿʱ죬ʤĵӯӯΣз顣ſĺ촽ϣžƵĲеΣڳȺ£ˮ⣬һڡ
֪ΪΣʩӽ´ô䣬ôƾž飬Ů˷˵ĳ档
ҶﳤȻܵǿҵջ˵̧ܵͷȻ̩ɽֵ÷ƽ˾ϴζ˹͵Ľѵɲϵ
㣬Ž㵱Ůʷ
ˣ
Щå˵ƨģû˸ˡ
ûʲôˣˡ
ôϾӵĽġ
˵ġҸ˴ܴˣֵĴҲŶˣЩͷ̧ͷھˣ͸ЩˡȱŮҲûܾ˳ˮ۵ˣְһʱ䡣˵ûа׵Ҿ̺ʹ˾ǳ
㣬ţпҲ̽ҹ򡣡
ֻҪѧҾͽ㡣ҲͽܵġȾưɡǸӣĵúʹ죬ȵúʹ죬ѻĿһûˡ
˼ڲˣʩӽٴξƿӣƣĹģǸظҲһһģ˼˷
ֱһڣŷƿӡȻֱӣҶﳤ˻οƿӣ˵СܣˣɲҪˣ
塢ŷĲղе㲻ͬ
Ҷﳤһ񣬾м롢⣬ƺ伱ˡˡô£ƾͰȶ˰ɣϴεľõúܡ
ңľơ
ʩӽ񣬻λͷǹɴƺ˵㡣
û취˵ļල£Ҷﳤ̧ƿӣһɶ˵ǺþưɣҲееκġ
ӡѧ䣬иþȻҲ̵ġʩӽЦ绨ݹGGг֮⡣
ƿɡ
㣬ҿ˰ɡ
˲ϲŮ˾𣿽ᡣ
ҿûưԼԸȵġҶûʲôͼһֱؽ㡣
ߣСαӡʩӽ֪Ϊеˡ
Ҷﳤû磬ʵ㣬ڱһģôåأ
һ⻰ʩӽŭˣ첲һӣϵһֻɨϣžһˤˣûһˣǸǣǶǸ¹ޡ´šͷ
ţʩӽվ߳λһΣҡҡʱ
ҶﳤٶӭȥסĽʩӽһĻ䴺⣬ȣظٵһһͣǷˡ



05 ҹ

ӣҶﳤˬﲻ˵㣬ڿҵƷˡôûҪɡὫʩӽƿ
ԭΪŮ˵ʲô߻λĽĿʩӽһԲӶ֣ҶﳤƤ
Ҷﳤ󾪣˵ʲôģٵģסǿһ֣Ӷѣġ
Ƥ⿪Ӵڿ£ĶˣھƾŮĴ̼£֧㶰̵ģ¶Ұ޵ˡǸͷ÷ϣ缦硣ĿһӦǿϲ֮⡣
ʩ㣬ſӣһƲסġҶﳤҵ˵ڻмһЩ˷ܡ⵱ȻҪģеֹ
ʩӽ˵ϲˣ䣬ſнģÿһȵէһ۷˫صסһء֪ģ˫Щ
ץģͣﻹ˵ôȰմ¯ӳ
һ˿˿Ŀд±ߴҶﳤֱ̲סֱͦӣ˵㣬ŪˣŪ¶ġ
ʩӽһۣһۺᣬģˣ˲䣬Ůͷһͣһ¡
ҶﳤؽгǱֵУֹͣ
ŮŹɨİȡ֣Źκһ䣬ܵ谮ֵñˡ
ܲڿϲͬʱԼ·ֻУֻᶶֻţֻϵͦƨˣֻӽȥǧҪͣ
Ů˵ļɲһˡֻͷϵĸֱ°һʱ˫ս˵ţʱҧʱѵŪô棬Ƿִͻƿصǡôˬ֮о΢ۣлøĿС
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㣬ҿܲˣͣͣҶﳤǿţ˵ǴظɣGˡ
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ʩӽﺬŰ˫ֻط͵˺Լĳһ֣¶˿ֺͽ׵Ƥ
ȥĿת
ֻ鹵ɽȡһ¶ֱ֮⣬ԲԲѩ˵ĺһһµضš
ɫɫûдסֽ⿪ԼĿ³վӻ䴦һС˿ˣýģѨ϶˵Ŀ̽һԺë˴񫡣
ʩӽ[ۣˣ֣һ꣬һڴȼ䰴Ħ촽źƵһͦһͦģзһ㡣
Դ˻棬ҶﳤİһһģݏǰĻɽ˵һʲôˡ
ʱҶﳤϢ˽߶У˹ɽƵģʱʱͣ䣬ǳ֡ÿһ͸󣬼˷ܽ
ҶﳤŴǹҪοʩӽƲ꣬룬ĶͻȻͣˣƵ۾Ȼһ
ҡΪʲô
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ʩӽ˲ϵһӣСܳţѸҶﳤˡڣ޴
ʲôҶﳤöֻ֪ýֵֹģ⡣ҪˣG٣ôֻᷢˡ
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ΪˣȻ֪ʲôƣôˣÿ˶ˡͷΣжƵġ
Ҫ¥ʱʩӽʮ˾ķԱǸԱȫƽʱòɫϺ죬ЦҪƷ˭ܿǸԱ
䲻ԱߴڳСʩӽ˴һɣֵէйشȰװԲԲơСð֮Դͻ״ѨˮЩ©ëģòƤ
ǷԱˡۡԴҩڴǺŰеŮҪ㣬Ҫ㡣ſ˫ۣ
ʩӽ㲻ַɿ죬žžֱ⣬ϵʱߡ
Աû֪ѶˣԵܽӣСϸСãëʪ˰ˮ
ʩӽ߷֮һȭʲô°ԱͨһڵϣûѪˣⲻŮ˴ġ
ʩӽæϵãΧڼĺңϽܡǷ֮أ˾ҪϵʱֿȫקˡûӣҴһ߰ɡ
Ҷﳤ׷ʩӽվɸеġ
ʩӽһʣϴɻ󣬽΢Ҫ¥ҶﳤһϱסҲѧΧһװǻҰģѼӷˡ
ſңСܣе㲻Ծʩӽ΢΢ţ
㣬Ǹɵö࿪İô󡣽㣬ҲҪ㡣
𣬱ģС
㣬ϲ㣬ϲþˣҪãɡҶﳤװңһ˵ţһôǹƨϹšĥţ˫ĽţŪʩӽӿٶãȻȫ
ҪҪҪˡʩӽ˿ƺֻصղŷ˵ľˡ
ҶﳤҪȡʩʱϵķԱʩӽ۾⣬һĳԡԱҶﳤ⡣
ô¶Ҷﳤȷŵļһ
ҹ
Ҫ
ģ㲻ˣ
ˣٲƯӺôҪ
Ҷﳤˣ˵СӣҺŮˣôʰ㡣
һֱʩӽһȭ׼ٴƽС
ʱһŮ˴Ǳߵһܱܳ߿ޣһƵɤӽеɶŸ˼ӣһû䰡
ǸŮ˾ߣȹûãͷֳǷԱð̹⣬еӣϲҪɡ׷ȥ
һԳǾˣûܼףͰŮ׷ˣᱧŮ֫Žе˭ʲô
ˣҪɴӡ
㻹ǸӰëû롣ҶӶ󡣡
ҾҪɴӽ㡣
ֵǣŮ˴۷Ա֮󣬲ˡԱŮˣܽһܿ촫
ǸɤܳǸлͷӣøƵġŮˣУİ
Ҷﳤ棬Ұôˡ
ҪʩӽȵĽԼİ



06 ﾢ

ڣǸ׶磬ͬ硣ϵţ΢΢Ů˼ʱķġ
Ҷﳤʩӽȥûҵս֮ءϾǱݡ
еʩӽʤ𣬹˵Ĳӣúý촽˵ţ˵ϾУɡ
ⷹĵ൱ɾŵ̺ר˸
Ů˷ڵϣҶﳤҪȥơ֮£ﹾ˵ģڵϣ߸գ̫ô̫ϧŮĺˡ
𿪵ƣͦã·ɡŻˣҪˡʩӽϴŲ˫Ұ·
ҶﳤѹʱֶԷ죬£˫ۺ˫ȴ󿪣߽ؽеɡҪ㣬ϾҪ
֣Ҷﳤһ߰һ߶Ҫʲô
ҪĴ󼦰͸ҡŲꡣ
Ҷﳤѹϣ¿԰ԼˡƾŸоСѨȥûУƫˡ
˼ˣץסĿꡣƨһ̽ȥһ嵽ˡ
ʩӽ德ΰһһУ˫͵˱һץץۣ֪ѪûУϻеð󣬰߶ˡ
ҶﳤѨҺԼ⹻ΰȻС󺣣޼ˡѨˮö࣬ůͣųĶݏ֡
ٿЩٺЩټЩ
㣬Ҫ㣬Ҷﳤ˫࣬ƨʶ磬ݸŮŮʾŤΣͦѨսǿһƥѱ
һ˼£СѨһҧŰӣҧҶﳤֵģյģټŮ˵ķζҪսҪˡ
Ϊ־սҶﳤϽŮ˵ϿȥӰҡУǺģGGģһ˫ģĿ𣬺촽ţֻͬƻһһģɷˣֻǿͷɫ֪ǺڣǺ죬Ƿ۵ġ
һ˫ץţץŪţǵԣ˰Գޣ𿴱ü꣬һ㲻Ůǲ
ңӣʩӽͻȻ
㡣
˵ŻҶﳤ˫һʮָţԿţΡ
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ҶﳤץСֻһ㣬ͷֻͷˡ˵һ۵úܰɣӶѪˡ
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㿴۵úã۲ȡ͸Ű˷ܺ㡣һ˵ԭǻðиԡ
ôһ˷ܣʩӽ͵ĺһ߿ɸתĥģ˫һɦıһأҲ֣ʱʱڿգģҪҶﳤ˦ȥ
ҶﳤԸпδô͵ǰôôܿסôڣôģòǱŸİɡ
ˣʩӽ֪㣬ߵҪ㡣
˵ʲô
˵Ҫϱ߸㡣
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ϵŮֵüЦ˫ְ˵Ķӣƨ䣬ֿأÿһײžžֻӳ£ۼ޻ÿ죬Ҷﳤûͷɫ
ͲˣܺˣһŲ䣬һ߹Ů˵ıݡ
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ҪСˣҪˡʩӽֱٶȷͬ˵һͣ֫ΣڷСѨļŪˣô̰ôGģһֻĸǡĺĽˡ
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ϲŮˮӣԽԽá
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Сܣƨɡ
˵ʲô
˵ƨɡ
Ҷﳤԥ˼£ŮûʲôӦ
Щʹ̫ˡ
⻰ˣҶﳤƣسžžΪöƨڰܵΣΪÿ
ʩӽֱˬôУŴ򡣡
žž֮һ£Ůһÿһˬԡͷ[ۣӣһɧԵӡĲŪá
ţת˷ܼһǣϳ۳ңģûûˡ
ҶﳤܲŮֱ꣬е㣬ҿƲסˣҪˡ
̣Ҳˡӡ
Ҷﳤæ׽סҡڵĴӣšģƴģ
úãý궼ҪûˡټӰѾҪˡ
Ůʮ߿ĳеĳеü顢˵Χİ£ܴǽأ궼塣
СѨ͵ýģˮݵðӺòϴȪƵġҶﳤ̲סˣǿӵһɹɵСѨŮ̱Ƶſ˵ϣŶоҪѽĶ䴩ˡ
˲ӣʩӽסǶߣûָԪ
㣬㻹Ҫ𣿡
Ҫ÷ȣ㻹в
ҵȻˡٵȼӾ͹ˡ
̫ˡýɡʩӽͷ
ҶﳤֻӱʪĶɨţȻůʪǻţޱȣתۼ䣬Сëɾްԣֿսˡ
ʩӽ˲ϲմõľҺĴ֣Ц۳ߣõܵܣǸүǣˣ˭иˡ
Ҷﳤվ˻ΰ˵ʵôɣ
ʩӽ£ڹͷϿǼ£תƨɣߵӺ߸ңСܡ



07 ׷Ե

Ҷﳤ󣬼ƨɲӭ⣬ƨЩ󣬷¡ԲɡֻǴǶȿƨɹǵӰڵôĪ⣬Լ߷ˮ⡣
㻹ʲôðˡ
˸ƨɣƨɻУá
һҶﳤӣظÿһ¶ײƨƣһӿ
ãɵúã˾͵ţһʩӽһ߿佱һߺƨɡ
ӸСѨеţ޼䣬һ˿˿ˮӽϴ¡
˴ִŴɣʱŮĽתŤѡ
Ҷﳤɹ֮ʩӽеСܣƨɡ
ǰһξ飬Ҷﳤٷ㶣˫˼¡
̫ˣ񫡣
ӴҶﳤַָֻƼеĴˡ
źðζʩӽعͷü۷ɧ֮⡣
ȻۣϲҶﳤ޹˼ɣȥֵĺݾȸղضˣ˸ҵطţţƬ̲ݡͱǳƨɣڳָӡģĿġ
Ů˶ܲˣʩӽȴͬͷЦúãˬ͸ˣýҪƮˡϡжˬУƨŤøףš
ˣˡ
ѽѽؽУеʹ飬֮Žţһˮ߳!
⻹ݣ˼ɡ
Ҷﳤƨڱпʩӽ߳ˡ
˽Ҫʱʩӽſϸɡ
ʩӽGЦҲӡ
Ҷﳤʩӽֱԣϳ֮ȲסšҺٴעʱʩӽ˲ģʴǵĽСܣǿˡ
ҶﳤЦˣſŮϡ
ճһӵߣõ͡룬й֮ʩӽγѣЦݽϣ͵ƿѹԼϵˣӰͳֽ򵥵ز˲һߴ·һߵҶﳤ뿪ʱҧгݡ
ҶﳤʩӽˮܳȥʱŲǣûлһͷ
ҶﳤвŮ˸ղŻֵҪҪģת֮㷭ˣҩЧˣⷴӦͷɲֹۡ
Ϣһߣȴ¥´ѳһ̶ϡҶﳤȻһæã첽
ʱֻҲܣ׷Ҹϵģˡ
¥оϰʻվŲˣЩǷԱ֪ʲô¶ˡ
Ҷﳤ۲죬רԼģһˡ
·ϵסĥ֮£뵽ʩӽķӦ뵽Χң뵽˱Σ˷ԽòԡжˣҲŻ
ԼĲҶﳤڤ˼룬⿪еĸ񣬿ԽͷԽԽԽͿƾֱΪԼλŹִѲ˸ϵԼӦȥʸסֻʱ򣬲֪
֮࣬򿪵ӣʱһˣһ㡣
ҶﳤתͷһԼҽǧ橡
ǧ橷ۺ˪촽գһ˿Цеı飬ǰˡŰ״ӣɷʴ󣬵Ƿεٸ̬ڲסġ
˱ǣһ㣬ڲͬ
ߵ˸ǰͣס촽΢
ôģʲôҲⷴӦʲذǧ˫ֲ嶵
Ҷﳤû֨һǸʶŮһ
㣬Ǿƺңǲ⣿
ǧ橺ǺһЦGĿ÷ţˡ漴ЦǻӰ١
ЦҸĶ϶û⣬ʲô⣬Ҳ⡣ǧ橱ϲ޵֮ɫ
Ҷﳤѽ˵һ飬ô£ұΪھҩȥԼʩӽˣʲô¶ûа
ǧ橲ݵЦԼŮ˵ļˣҩҪȥԼʩӽóǾƸɸɾǿڸкܺõĲ࣬Ҫȥװõġ
Ҷﳤͷร˵Ҳҩ
˭˵ģǧһֳ¹ҩġ
ʲôҶﳤʧô£
ǧ橲[ۣ˵д龫ͣŨҵģЧ൱ˡȼ󣬾ɢҲΪҩˣʮ׷ΧڣֻҪˣɷҰޡŮɱ⡣˵ˣһ֮롣
Ҷﳤһ۾ԭһŮ˸ģѹַԼ˶ˡ
ⲻì𣿸ղ㻹˵ԼֶΡôԼʲô𡣡
ǧ橰˰ָ֣𣬾ԲһҵǣǺ˺ƣζû¶ˡŶ˸㣬ʵζܵŲġҲͨĺƣĽҩ
ⷬҶﳤɶͷԡ
Ȼ¶Ϊɶھ½ҩⲻǶһ㵽ʲôĿģҲ²
Ҷﳤϴתǧ橵һЦ˵˼ǣԼǲԵģԼûġǺ˺ƣ޹㣬Լ̣ʱΧ˸еġʩӽֲǻƻǳ͵ĺôģܲģֻҪͬͬҲкܴ㻳ˣĿľ˳µشﵽˡã
ȫı⣬ҶﳤȥˣüҪȺƵģʩӽƫҪȰ׾ơҺЩƣţǵȼЩ˰׾ơ
ǧһ㶣˵ûкȺưǾƫҵơеԼ˼ˡĵģҵ⣬Ҳģ˭Ȱ׾Ƶģ
ǾûҲϴģˡ
ҶﳤҡͷҺˣҲ㡣Ǹ󷹵ΪĶ㣬ɷ鶯ʲô¶˵޹ô죿е˼ţеˣеСꡣۿһСӰһŮ˱ˡôɵʱ򣬾ûǹ˼޹𣿡
޹˵óڡ
һǧ橲ΪȻϷЦ
˵޹ȷ㣬ֻǿʳûʲô޹ǻҪģڼﺰԩʱû޹
ʵʱ򣬴Ͳʲô޹οֲǹģԼƲȣȥָͷ˺ǶˣͲᶾˡ
һжҵĴˣѹûƺȥͲ
Ψ㣬û
ѵһһΡҶﳤЦãǧ橵ͷȻˣҪûҵȥֱӾһͱĿڣĻлվҼ֣ԵȻû
Ҷﳤֱҡͷ̾Ϣǿʶ¶ˣڻꡣһʱ򣬾춼ȥˡɡ
ǧںŵ˵ȥɣϹӵƩ׷



08 

ҶﳤƵһ㶼£
ǧ橱֣ͷȻʲôµġоеƷƵСǵļԵǰڵĿƼõǸ򣬲鲻ʲôġЩ͵ҽԺͷŲ飬鲻ʲôԱýԣ൱ʳж
ҶﳤмЦЦ˵ҿɲšԼĺ˼룬档
ǧ橶˵ֱӿ˵ӣҶﳤʶĿתӣֻһۣˣϤ¥ݡԼԱĴ硣ûԼʩӽͲ͹ķꡣ
һ˵Ȼǧ橸ˡ
һҲһʳж¼岻߼ʱ͵ҽԺȫҽԱŬ˾Σա쵼ʾΪ֤彡ӪһȫʵľͲͻнڽڿչһԡϡ޼ۡΪλԻǹذذ顭ж¼ڽһУ̨½Ϣ
һĴ̣Ҷﳤƣƣôô¶
ǧʼ磬˫һ̯˵ʲôֵģʲôƵģҲǵһθˣ֮ǰҲЩֻһףҲͣԼһÿζ
һҶﳤʵʲôÿζ¡㲻ǵһθˣ
ǧҿʲôˣôûԣµеҩû飬óȥãⲻǲԿңܿΪҽרҵ
Ҷﳤԣ˰Σ̾Ϣ룬ǶҽרҵĶ壬Ų̫һ
ǧб۵ϱû˭ȫһģĽ֤ͣҵĿ󡣡
ҶﳤԶԣǧ橵ͷߡ
̧ͷҶﳤеһ¡
ǧ橻عͷЦЦ˵ôţҪ˯Ҫֵġ˵ˣոǸŮ˸ңҿɲ
Ҷﳤʼ磬ЦҲʲôʱɵģŲʲôġˣԼɵˡ
ɵ˲ɵ
ǧЦ뿪ҶﳤѵһأһɣתǰڣҪιȥ
֨ѽһһ˽ˣҡŸԴϾǿӣһ˫С̶۾ģûǰЦȵˡ
ֵܰ¶ĺˡ
磬ɶ¶
Ҷﳤ壬ԶԴͷƵġ
ϣֵܵŶһ˵ֵܣͷʲôˡǲǸƻչʲô¶˵㡣
飬ҶﳤΪжҶﳤҲ㽫¶˵ˣٺЦˣҶﳤЦˡ
ֵܣΪʲôȣԭƨ¶ûɶġ㲻ھΣǶֲģǸɶ
˵Ҳǡ
ֵܣ㿴ɡ治˽ҽʲôֶأ¶ݡԼ˵ɣһӣǺӼè
Ϊʲôһֱ벻ͨһ첻µزµ
ֵܰ㰡ǧߵ̫Ȼûùӳԡ
磬γ԰
һĳָָ࣬ԼԴ˵ֵܣ֪ԭһͷررڵͷ֪Ϊɶɡʵɣҵҽĵлˣͷϡˣвٰ׵ģҲͷ
Ϊʲô
ҲΪʲô°ֻΪұ˵仵ģ֪Ϊʲô۾ˡ
Ҳǵҽ
ɲզء˫ͷٵÿһͷ˲ѡ
Ҷﳤÿ죬ҽȻһİˣǱԼϤÿһ岿λˡ
ֵܣҲ£˵ˡ
ˣ磬ղ˵ʲô¶Ҫҵġ
Ĵȣ˵ԣԡǸǽġ˵ţţ⻷һ£ûжŷá
ֵܣӰ¶ϣˣؿɹСҹһġ
˵ʲô
һ㣬üɫ˵ֵܰϲ°ҸյõϢڽ죬һȺ˶СҹĶĳҪץļСܡʩӽгŻЩһ
µЧʡ
㲻֪һŮȡĳŽˡ
ǾȻܲ˵ɶôţ
һˡ
ûֹǴǹ
Ҷﳤôذ
ɲͷŮ൱𱩣൱аǹСܵ
ǸȣҲˣ
Ц˵׽ԲأǸŮ¸šŵϳ壬ǹˣͽز໤ңҲ֪ܻܲһǶСҹµһҪɫǻҲǸˡ٣ӶСҹʧذ
֪Ҷﳤ׵ġΪһŮô㿪ǹȣǿй涨ģҲ°ԼŪȥϵǰ;
ֻ˵ҵ뷨෴ҰѲŮһǹѶСҹЩ˸ȫˣǾûкˡ
磬Ҳݵġ
ֵܣɶҲ˵ˡھļĳŪûȥȱ衣ûնֽص¶ˣǵĴʱóöСҹͷƨɵʱ򣬾㶨ʩӽǿءȶСҹֵʱ򣬻ƻ˶ˡ
˵ǡֻǽֻ¸ˡǸʩӽǿߵġҵ鷳ˡ
尲οֵܣϻŮ㻹ⰡѾϹˣʩӽرŮ˱ˣ϶ˣкޣҲаġţԸŮһ׵ģ϶ƽ
ҶﳤͷĬ
ֵܣҵˡĺϢˡ
˵ƣǰʲôҲˣҹô
Ҷﳤ½ѣһۣǲ⣬ҽˣʩӽŤԼƨɵ
һжôݏڷ
˯ҹҶﳤǴоѵģֻÿڸɫδ⣬µ¶Ȼˣ첻ù뾡һа취ȹѹء
ȻѾߵⲽˣֻǰܺˡ
һ룬ְҲûɹǧ橣ôԤ֪ι١ֻʩӽɹô˵ʩӽҲܵõԤ֪Σ
һ֣ʹҶﳤϲ񣬺޲´м顣
һֱԤ֪ξԼĵƣΣ巽ԼʼûգֻкǧԽԤ֪ΣܴܵԼڣֶʩӽѡˡ
緹Ҷﳤŷȥûд򳵡ܲʵԸʩӽǸܻܵ˺ܲ
ôȥɣһѡ



09 

ҶﳤԼ칫֮ǰصسʩӽţţûˡƽʱ絽ˡɴ˿ɼҪԼˡ
Լ칫ҵһҶﳤĿ˼ζԸǣδӲתΪʤƽơ
ЩԱ½ϰ࣬Ȼ͸λԼһ̯ˡʣϸһġ
ԺС۾һ˽ԴżֹЦƺڸʲôı뵽ڳϵľ֮٣ҶﳤԽ˲һ㣬˵òˣȴʵеġ
ͷϺá
ãáѾ˸Ǯˡ
յˡͷԶš
Ҳٶȣ֪ذѶǿʱǨ
һͬ
С֣˵ͷˡҾ㱾¶ˣͷһʶ𣿡һָһˡ
ҶﳤעǸһԼӷװϡӹĹĵģǸӣֵò֡ɱС۾ÿˡͦرģ˫ֺԲǵ͵㳦죬⽵ֵˡ
ʶԼˣС
ԣºŴȣҲԼһ׾Ҳܻõصذܸ㡣
ʲô
Ϊȵļһ۾һһ˵Сûɶġ
Сɨһۣܵñһѿ¶ҿûСóڻ
ҶﳤһڻǷǡǵܹһСӣóƷɣҿûɶõġ
ȼҶﳤɣС۾һȭүС۾Ĳóڻءһ˶óڻɿڻڻԷ
С۾ЦǰֺϣǿֹסЦ˵ͷôڻǸڻ˵¶ɿ˵ˣɿ䣬ʲô¶ܸˣʲô˶ᱻѡڸⷽ滵ϣ˭ǿ԰ɣתȡ
ûͷࡣ
ǰиһ˴ȣȾ뱨˺ü죬ǼһﰮС㣬ǼһڼԺƬӡ˶ţǼһԶڱضȥˣŸ˦ˣӸϾϵһ¥ˤǸ҅ȣȸˤϻѿȡ
ҶﳤŶһȡ
˵ҵʱֻѵѵûҪʧˡ
ͷҶﳤ˵˲ţҿ϶õϡӦúܿóˡ
С۾ȣ˵ˡ
룬һҡԴ˵ҿɲһ˲ţҲ˭ңҶġҵ˱ҵҪ󡣡
ҶﳤԲԲ΢ЦܷģֻҪܸɣܰҰãǮ⡣С۾ôġ
С۾ͷ˵ͷǮǲ¶ġ
ȼӴ˵ҵҪǮҶǮûʲôо
Ҫʲôֻ˵
ͻȻͺƺеݡ
С۾ŴȣҲ˳˼
ȶҶﳤ˵²¡еɬ
ҶﳤһЦ˵ǧ磬治УûΧô°С۾
С۾Ҫ˵ʲôȽе졣Ҷﳤ˵ҪıˡҪ²УͲ¶
Ҷﳤ䣬Ȼվ˵²Уˣȥҵ¶
Цվ߽Ҷﳤ˵Ҫǲˣʲôô
Ⱥߵ²СҪǲˣһΪһ¶
һβڡ
Ҷﳤˬ˵ãô졣¡ֻҲˣⲻô죿
룬˵ҲжҪһֽϱдһ֣һţ߬˵𰸾Բˡ
ҶﳤЦҿԲ£͵ð£κɾܾ
С۾˵֤ˡ
ûзԣ˵ҪˣҵҪôܾѾþûйˣˡ˵[۾ݏԼжʱⳡ档
ҾͲˡ
°ɡֻλᡣһˡ㡣һֽۣ־
ֻ֣Ҷﳤ˼״ΧŴתȦ˵ǵ㰮ã֪ˣؿζ
㲻תһɡ²¶ˡһ
С۾Ա߿ҶﳤһĹע
ȺʱҶﳤƵ˵Ҫɺܶš
Ⱦһɫ䣬ŵúô󣬲ſ֣Ǹֽžôϡ
С۾æʰ򿪿е̫ˣ̫ˡÿҶﳤֻֽдһ֣Ҷﳤ˵ģһֲ
ô֪ģС۾ϡжһ
۾͸ҲܲµѹҶﳤҪҵƵġ
ûشҶﳤЦЦúˬʣõ⣬ָŴ˵ϲŮˣϲŮȺĺˣΪҰ¶һҼٽϵŮˬˬòؼң´Է˯価һξҺ
ˣֵ㵸е̫ˣ̫ˣҺþûԴˣҪ첻ؼҡ
С۾èһŴȣʶôãҾ֪ϲǸ˅ȡ
־̬֧û֪Ҳ֪ԼˡÿγȥֶһˣƵġ
Ҷﳤܲˣûʲô˼㡣
¶м֮⣬˵ͷҲףô֪ҵİõģô֪дʲôʵ벻ͨҲй©ġһֱСġ
С۾԰С۾ȷʵǸСĽˡ
ɤӣҶﳤһ˵ǵľͬҲҵľ仰ô˵ţ㲻ܳҵĸ裬ҲΡˣú°ɡǳֵʱһ֨ġ
С۾ʹһɻˡһţҶﳤ¶ԵõЦݣĵֲǹܲµŰ档ֻû³Լ˵ġȻ֪رİá
ЦأŽһˣҶﳤʶʩӽµһԱʮ꣬ȥͦġ
ûȶԷڣҶﳤһϣ׺ݵȥʩܣģҹԼ˵
˼Ҷﳤһǿ˵ʲôŤͷˣﴫĽŲ
Լһ̵֧ĹʩӽˣɫãҶﳤκһζáŹغˣָҶﳤıŭ𣺡ҹ㱻ˣٲ㡣
һ͵Ѫ죬ϵ⼸Ҫһ˫



10 ý

Ҫңܵиɰɡ
ͱ˵ʩӽҶﳤûʾԡ
ʩӽؼ˵ɣ㻹ɡѵʲô𣿡
Ҷﳤװ˼ӣһãȻ˵ǳԷһȾƣҺȵκģ߷ʲô¶Ҳǲ̫ˡˣҲæˡ׷ʲôһźͿ
ޡһʩӽĿѣ˫ȭգʱǰ˺򣬡Լɹʲô¶ҳϣ㻹ôʧûõĶ
Ҷﳤһ֣˵ʩ㣬𼱣ٺú롣Ҳʩӽͬһƨϣͷ˼
ʩӽбװǻƵģŪءҾͲţôĺ£һɶ滳˲ˡ
ʮɣҶﳤվ˵һˡǷ˳ĹϵҶ˲ٺо
ʩӽֳ̬˫ץȭȥ㻹ʲô
Ҷﳤ[۾˵һǵǴսþã飬ܴ󣬻ӣƨɣܵӡ
޵ݣʩӽеס죬ҲåһֶΣ˵ôɵģˣʲôı㲻˵ףҽ첻Źġ
ԼԴҶﳤһ޹ӣҲûʲô
ǲھҩˣ
ʩӽĿ˵۾۲ɫ
е¶Ҷﳤ̹ȻЦһƿȥ꣬㹲㲻ȣƫҪȰ׾ơǰ׾ƿԼҪģҿû롣Ҫǰ׾Ļǿ϶ûϵɲҪԩҰ
ʩӽٴλ䵱ÿһϸڣô¶ԼҪģûģӦû⡣
ʩӽŭߣѵһԼҩһȥ˺þãһСӸĹҸҿ϶Ѳ˸ϵ
Ҷﳤ˼һ˵˵⣬ɶ⡣˵ҩǵĻҲ԰Ҳˣǰ˶Ƶģô˶ʧ˱ԡ˵ж£Ըҩ
ôһ˵ʩӽƿԣһͻȻԲ˰ƣһ⡣
žһǳ࣬Ҷﳤʱֳָӡ
ҶﳤоۣҲûô裬ϾŮ˸ˣôGһͦ㡣ⶼ¶ֻаƽǴ¶
һƣʩӽ۵ؿӨ£꣬Ʋɵ
ᣬҶﳤ⽿ĵŮģ޵˫ţزţͷĳ𶯣˵㣬ҰɣֻҪЩС
ʩӽһ۵˵쵰ҵ׶ˡɷҴûŵʱ񣬸κ˶ִַ硣֮Ҳؼһҡɺã㣬㣬ǵܵܣһӰҸˡһҪ㸶ۡ˵˵ţ޵øˣˮࡣˮƺҪûˡ
Ȱ˵ЧҶﳤſ첲ȥúðοο˵ķġ첲ûȵλʩӽһȭ羢Ҷﳤؿϡ
ӴһҶﳤֻһɴ˼ͨڵϣؿ˵ʩ㣬úãֻҪ˶ֵ
ʩӽɵ˵Ļ͵Ϊˡ
ӵҶﳤ΢ЦΪʲôģҿɲںֻϣ
ʩӽסѾҿˣϽɡЩЩϺзжԶԶ
ҶﳤһǿӲ˵ҿԣҹͲУһһ룬㲻ܹ˽𡣡
ʩӽ
ʱһԱŽ˵ʩܣʩܣҪ㣬ӰԺǱߵء
ʩӽæᣬʵʲôˡһ˫Ŀģ
ԱҶﳤսʩӽ䣬˵һ䡣ʩӽ˲Ǹˣ첽ݣҪʲôҪ
ʩӽϵӰԺǱߵĻʱǸڹʹĽ㣬Ավ±ڡ
ʩӽǶȣǿ˵ıӰ˴ŰƤпˣ¶һȦ۵ϸ´Ƥ̿㣬ŴͲѥмδȣǳˡһצһ
иԱʩܵ
תŮӣڴϬǶСҹļпǳģֻиɫΧӣִһ㣬عߣ¶Ƥ£Ǻ˵ģƫƫΧӡŸͷ࣬ɭɭȥÿֲ
˵ĺͷ¶ţҪˡ
ʩܣּˡޣ۾զˡǲĸ㡣˵
ʩӽᶡСҹΪˣ磬һͲǸˡ
Сҹʲô¶˵ɣӡ
СҹٺһЦ˵ãҾϲԸ񣬺˵ð¡Ҿֱ˵ˡµĵֱһɽҽԺﲻģмӱˣҵʧǮȡ룬ʩӦøһĲ
ʩӽСҹһۣ˵ˣˣӷˣԼ¶ôǮ
СҹЩ¶Ǵģ㲻˭𡣡
ʩӽʾ˵ǷŻȣӦõġ
Сҹƽʩӽɭɭ˵ʩӽȰ㻹ʶ㣬ԹǮȻĻ˭ɲܵ컹᲻ڡ
ЦЦʩӽӶͳһֻֻǰλΣ˵вղ˵Ļ¼Ժǽطκ£о㣬Ҳӡ
СҹƳһۣǺЦʩôҵô˼ôɣ¸㣬ⶫƨûУʦϲ˵ʲô˵ˣֻҪͷûƾʵݣڵ˵Ҫ㣬ңҲһʦ棬Щ̺ҺΣ
Էôţʩӽһʱ֪˵ʲô
СҹĬ㣬ץԱϵһֻ̻Ҹףʩӽʩӽ߳һţ̻Ҹϣ̻Ҹһһתϣλã̬һ㲻䡣
һߵֿ׼赸չʾСҹԽкá
ʧϽӭȥһȭһһһңĬһɺ˵ľ硣
ʩӽҲһӣһһȭֻѸݣĴ羢ǾˣϹǣڲҽһһȭͷֱһһֱֻתȦ
һ֣ʩӽŰۺЦŮݣˣһȭֱֱֿͣͷĶСҹ
СҹЦһ͵شѥͳһǹʩӽͷʩӽһȭû򵽣ǹȴ
ʩܹã֪ˡСҹЦʱٺʲôãһָͷҪԡ
ͻʩӽĴӹһ˿־壬ֻҪֹͣͷҪð亹ˡ



11 ·ʤ

СҹǹЦôʩܣǱһ£ȭͷ죬ҵǹ졣
ʣʩӽǼڳԱŴˣ֪Ǻáľˣġ
ʩӽһҧ޺޵˵Сҹɱңʩӽġ
ֻ㣬ǮǮ
ʩӽӲвûá
Ŷ
СҹЦ촽׵ҫۣǸŮӣ
ǣΪҲɱ㡣ϻûҶСҹҸɵ¶Ǹָ˶
ʩӽ̾Ŀ
ټѻȸ˵ĿⶼڶϣֻںڵǹϡţƺҲڵȴһǹ졣
Сҹҧҧ´ƺ¶ˡ
ͷһ˼ٶ죬һӿʩӽǰ
Сҹ䲻кһǹһת˿ʱץסǹڣסԼԴ
ô㣿պʩӽ󣬿˵ģǸոձԼİǸԼ֮ǵɫǡ
ҶﳤǱβʩӽһֱţֱؼʱ̲ʩ㣬ҲµġΪֵˡ
ʩӽʲô°ŽȦһºˡ
СҹȤ˵ɨţ΢ЦιɵСӣ˭
ҶﳤЦҽаʩܵıڡ
СҹҲϰɡ
Ҷﳤ˵ٷϻ㿪ǹˡ
СҹЦСӣսҵĵߡ
ҶﳤЦԴҡô˵ҲǴͥڣô˿㣬ɱң֤֤ڣʦٶ࣬ʵǿң𣿡
СҹЦһڵģôɵΪǵǮҪˣ㲻Դˮ˰ɡɽڣûա
Ҷﳤͦ˵ڵΪҶǾԼΡˣҲ
СҹЦˣЦ࣬͸ſ뿺ܣظͻţͷҪһϡ
ģģǺˣҾϲֲˡʩӽʤˡջǹʩӽ˶һ
Сҹ۲Ŷ˱飬˵ʩӽʱ޹Ϊ޵
ҲϲŮ˿ޱӣ֡Ϊ˿ޣֵͦġ
ʩӽһȣ˵ҵ˽¶ġ¶ܾˣǹвҲҪ۵ġ
˵̫ˡʰüǹ𣿡
ʩӽǶһ㶣е㲻šֻСҹǹԼԴ£ǹûʲôӦ
Ƿǹģûӵ
Сħͷˣҡ
СҹЦЦ˵ˣôˣľ㡣Դ̫Ҳ룬ҶСҹһ񣬴ĺˣôǹҡЅȡ
˵Żűſȥڳʱתͷ˵ʩӽǵʲ꣬һ浽׵ģĿĲݣһأǾûôˡ˵ˣֳһƼˡ
ǰһߣʩӽһסҶﳤ֣۵ԹôôɵͲ濪ǹ㲻Ҫˡ
Ůֵ飬Ҷﳤ΢ЦǼǹ
ʩӽǸ֪ġһǹôá
ҪǹҲ¡ҶﳤɫֻҪ㰲ȫû¶ҾҲ޻ڡ
⻰ʩӽĴңٸнȴ֪ҶﳤЦţҪⳡ棬ֻ֪ǹŲಫ
ߣȥһ塣Ͼˡ
û¶ģʲôʩһ仰㻹ҪҲòϹ
ʩӽ˦֣ЦͿɣҿɲ㡣
ҶﳤȻסʩӽֲţʩӽˣҲûܾ
ϣҶﳤĲƹѩ磬ڴϣƵƵŶŶޱܵı顣
ֵԴߣȡ֣˫иԴڶӡѹӲðʱʱض¡
㣬ɱҰŪˣҼ춼ûˡġ
СҪʱˣûˣԼ˯ɡ
ԭڿӵҽֵ࣬ʵְֵ𣬵ܵ˷漦ˡ
Gͬҹµǧһˣϼۺģ촽ֿڲãֵıѰŮ˸顢Ҫ
һչ̺ʽըÿһ䶼𰮵Ļ衣ӱŪӲƣҪǱŮ˿ɣöƤùˡ
ҶﳤͷñӶѹˣﴭŴ
³ӣǧָŰӣЦһ嶯ôһҪúѱѱˣʩӽƻеһˣ
Ҷﳤһ⣬һ߻شܵ˵չ˳ϴε¶ԭˡͨΪǹӦøкøˡ
ҪذѰ¶˵һ顣
ǧ橵ͷͨĹͷϲţĿ[[ţһĵ⣬˵ܿҪɹˡ
Ҳ̫졣ǸԽԽãԽԽ˳һʱͿˮˡ
һͷѸ¶ͷճҺµǧ˵ʱɲѣĵˡ
⻰ô
ǸСҹи֧ԮţƶˡϾˣѱ⡣һʩӽǰ£ɶӾͻᱻ̭ġСҹҪ̨ˣȾͻλļһ
ò޵
ʲôʱԿǧ橷ſǶۣ㽶ӹͷɾϴӣⶼǧ橵Ĺ͡
Ҷﳤ̲סվӣǧ橵΢ž
ǧ橹ڵϣЦųܣȥ׷İӣ˵С㻹ġⶫһĿС
Ҫǲٌ°ČѾˮ˰ɡ
㿴ɡ
ǧһŲ¶ĵطҶﳤˣֻש϶һƬˮڵ·Ű׹⣬ݏɢŮеϢ
ȵ۾Ҷﳤ˵㣬öˮŮҲˡ
ǧ橲ΪܣΪ٣ȻһЦ˵ϲͺáи˵ġ
˵ţʼ·
ʵʵģһ״ӵס̽ѰĿ⡣ˣҲûнһӡʱŤεؽſӣȫЦЦĿߣ촽ſŮ˵̬
ӳ£Ҷﳤ֪Ψһ·գûһ¡õƷǰƹˮһϣѩӨӱµëӳ緺ĳ֡һȵڲʪģϵˮؾǴ·йء
ǧûԼ˼濪ȣЦ[[ģʵ㻹ʲô
Ҷﳤ촽ͦһžڣİͱȥ



12 д̴

ǧ˵ҸˣҸ㡣
ҶﳤƽɴϣǸƲ΢΢š
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̵ʱǧŴ죬һ£һһˬ˵һ¸ɵˣ綼ʵ
ҶﳤŮоŶԷĺô˵ČҲãֶֽˮ߶ôһֱȥ
ǧ橷۶˵ϲĻ;ظɰɣŮ⣬Ϊһɵġ׻ƨɶֻֻ׶ţȲλԾˣ˴۸
°ʮ£ǧ橵ˮӽϴְѴȸŪʪˣŮˮġ
鲻赲ֹҲǰֱУֲֵֻϸ߷壬һһţͷн򴽣һ̵ģκʱ򶼶ˡ
ҶﳤζԼİ赸ԼҲСѨŵĿ֡СѨһһضţߵеðˣŰӰдȫ
ǧ橵ĶԽԽ죬±߷ŵƹ⣬ҶﳤؿѨŵÿģѰӳԵġڼ͸ѨγĶԱȡǰװ׵ˮ˵ĸϡ
㣬м鰡
ɲü첻⣬Ҳš
߲£Ҫ߿ô졣
ֲǹϸڣ߲ǴŴ
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ǧ橷ۺЦ˵ҲԸĻ˭ռұˣһҵֶΡҵҩ෢ûڻӦãЧ
Ҷﳤѵɱ˸ˡ
ǧ橷һ۵˹ù͵Ϊҽչˡ
˵ɲͣһƨḥ̂ϸĥ˵Ķĥۣʱ߳ʱġ
ıԽԽˣҸ죬㻹û⡣ⱾʩӽϣɼΣ֤㣬ջᰮġ뿪ˣܲˡͳΪһκҵİ¡
Ҷﳤǧ橵ĶһһͦŰӣƨʱʱɡʱʱޡ
ҵĿǲǨ½ǿطŲǸŮ̸˵ȡҵĿĴﵽˣˡɲʲô𡣡
͵׸ˣ
͵ȡҪˣ˭ҲԿ
þĲûСʱ䲻ˡ
òˡʩӽһƬ֮ͷϴ˵һ޷Ϊ㣬һƬ̻Уľʵǿӵкö档
ҶﳤΪЩĽż񣬲ôΧת̻ӡҰżˣɨأԶ˵˭ߣģʧȥ֧Ԯʩӽķˣ
ǧͣסðѨ͵˵úãץ׼һˣ˿٣ʩӽҲ⡣УСˡǽĺϢˡ
˵Żǧ橻ƣ˫ֹ䣬ƨɴڴأһѨųһԲѨGGġߵëʪܵģϴһ㡣±ߵСջҲˮ⣬·һһա
Ҷﳤ趯һӶȥ̵ֱġ
С㻹݅ȡҲ°ѽǧ˿غߵ
Ǵϸ֣˭ܰҶﳤһ߿ٵس鶯ţһ߳ޡ
֪ͺáҪǰⴲϹ򣬶ʩӽϣɴ£ͦкôġҪٸһЩҩɡǧ橹ԲĴƨͦתģСѨֱ
ѰӲ÷ɿ죬ˮҶﳤ˵ǱˣЩҩ̫Եˡ
ǧ橷˿˫ȾٸߣҵţЦҲһЩô͵ҩֻһŮá
ҩãʩӽɵ϶ῴġ˵ˣҲϲҩϲԼŮˡ
У⻰Ұϴβ˵ʩӽŰⷽµ㹦򡣷ڴҲһֻܴﵽĿģͲҪƽôࡣ
Ҽˡ㡣
ǧ橽˵СӿٶȣҪˡϰİƨ͵ͦˣϸŤøˣһڻG
Ҷﳤ˵ҲҪˡһɡƨɼţѨͽͳ׮һ㡣
͸һ£ҶﳤǧҲеôֱ˵һ㣬ԣ˾ȡ֮󣬱۾Ҷﳤ
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ŹֵĽ㣬⣬Ҷﳤ𽾰֮⡣
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⻹㣬ëմˮҲһһµ
ĩˣѰӳԽһţţͷţţˬҶﳤСеģ˵㣬ãûôϲҵĶȡ
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СĺôֹڴϣԺͻ֪ġ˵ţӣץﰴĦҶﳤеһС
һˣŪǸµĶٶȲٶȻӢһٶȰͷϱߵͻʾż֮⡣
ְ˰Ƕ󲻵̰㵯ţǧЦˣ˵棬Ӳˣ˅ȣţơ
Ӳô죿
ǧ橳Цٴġ˵ļǰҫˡŪˣԵƵġǸˮС
ǣҶﳤٶȺŮսһ𡭡
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ûȼʩӽǱӵĶӳˡ
нգȷҲƵģһ׾壬ԲᣬһֻץסһźŴīͷϹģһ
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ͷѾȫӹ˽صıȷʵ¡Ѳʱַݻ𡣡
Ҷﳤɫһû֨˵Сҹˣϴε¶û˽ᣬ



13 ǽ

ˣץסûСҶﳤ̧ͷλӳ
ûˣǷͷжǶˡֻǰ߾͵ãûץǡ
ŶҶﳤ֣û̷Ӧֻǵ뷨ǡ
յͷڵĴأȽ͹ļֵ
Ҷﳤͷ뷨Щ´֮ǰǵȺҴк
յץǣһɣΪ֪ǵݡǵݿǣҲǲץá
Ҷﳤһ㶣ʵ㻹ʶСҹǱߵ˰
ҡͷͷҪݻˣǶСҹˣˡ
ңҶﳤ˵ˣ
յԣµˡһһϳӣҺν
Ҷﳤ˵Ҳˡǿ⣬˭ҧϼڡ
¶֪ˣգȥ°ɣС۾ʹȹҡ
մӦһˡ
ûһС۾ʹȳڰ칫һһһݵվһ𣬵һϲЧ
ȲֻҶﳤС۾գ۾ʵͷʲô¶ͷԸɡ
ҶﳤƬ̣˷
С۾˵ͷƺðɣ֤⡣
ٳʱһ䣺˷š
ҶﳤЦˣһһ
С۾ɫˣɡ˵գɶȥ
۾[û죬ЦǺǵˡ
ʩӽˣһɫȹӣ¶Ÿ첲ؿϵӣʱҶߵ°һƮһзȣζҶﳤһ
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ʩӽɢų쵰Ц񻨣ǣ촽𣬿Ҷﳤʱˮһ崺֮С
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֣ʩӽһ㷢Цû¶ҿҪˣЩ¶Ҫû˵
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ЩͷǵıԱҲҹѲߣŹһɷӡ
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ҶﳤЦ[[ؿĿϺϻ⡣
㣬Ϊ飬ۼΪʵһȥɡ
һ֣Ҷﳤ§ڻеԡ
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ʩӽһ֣˵ˣˡתţôôüͷɸ˵ĳء
Ҷﳤ㣬֪ҵΪʲôûץˡҵˣҵģȻˣҵĹϵڡҪϴôץסˣ¶ִˣзģ˭֪ˡԺôҰ
ʩӽͷöԣǸ÷ŵġ
Ҷﳤ¶ֻĸ㣬ûй
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Ҷﳤʩ㣬ҿӦ촦һ¸ҵĹϵӣǵΪֹ󲻵ΡҪȻҶ֪Ը˲ֻҶзݣһУԺ鷳ʹˡ˵أ
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ҶﳤЦˣ¶̸꣬Ǹȥ¶ˡһȥгɡ
ʩӽͷһԼȹӣ˵õһ£ұû°칫ҡ
ˣ߰ɡҶﳤʩӽӲǣˣķԡ
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Щı޲ڡ˵֮Լû£ⶼǰˡ



14 

һһ꣬ҶﳤٸӣʩӽȽ
֪һϵһеŹ֡ɳơƽֱöһ
æݳʩӽƵк
ʩӽݵʻԼʽʵղ˵ﻹеڶ˸𡣡
ϰشûУûУ϶Сһһ£ߴ
ϰ־̬͵Ǹġҽǡ˻ˡѧᣬ䣬ˣһһӣǱסǡ֮
ҶʩˣЦˡ
̸¶ϰֱıãװͷãſڸָͷλá
ǰҼҶζԴװͷһζûж
Ҷﳤй⣬죬̲סƣ˼£ĵַرͨ˲ʲôʩӽĶȴĴƨɵ֮ǰļҽţһð
ΣͼҶﳤĿ⣬аһĿ֮ͦεβʩӽ˺ϼ˵ģ͵͵Ҷﳤһۡ
ҶﳤûӦϰȴע⵽ˣʵʩܣôˣ
ЦЦʩӽ˵û¶Ųܲȶѹĳ
뿪ҵ꣬ʩӽȡоúÿ죬ȫ˽ţ˴ĴԼƨɵĻ棬飬һװû¶ӡһʱٶȱȼ·е㲻Ծ
һǸƹݣӣЩе档
˰ɡǻȥˡʩӽĺԴˡˡ
Ҷﳤһ˵ճôܻȥ࿴ͦá
ʩӽЦˣЦùֵֹģġ
һЩǶͣ¶ʩӽкúãǸܸɣ˿ãһ򵹺üˡ˵ŴҸҵҼҶܹĺô
ʩӽ˵ĳ£ǴֻɵЦ˵棬ɡˡ
Ҷﳤѵ£ͷ
ʩӽüˣˡ
תͷߣȺͣеĺټеĺݰݣкġ
Щô飬ôѺãҶﳤЦôҹһʩܰɡ
һ⻰ʩӽһҪֹҶﳤžžžơܴЩҲعһһĵ죬ˡЩɴ󽭴ӣʩӽûˡ
ɲˣʩӽˣһʹ࣬Ƶس⡣
ллүǡ
ݿʩӽʱֻ·ߵĸӣȡʪ͸ˡٿƻգôˡһ˫۾ˮģҪγ
ôˣҷߡ
ʩӽڰ֣˵ãáֱȼеúýûз϶һ㡣
ҶﳤЩָ̣Щͷ˵֪Ҷܸ˰ɡ
ͷʩӽûгеŹ֡
ٶ߼Ұɣѵһͬ˵أ㡣
ʩӽشϢ˲
ϻȥ
İҲߡȥһҰɣǸҩꡣ
ȥɡ󵽡
ˡ
õġԼߡ
һǿӣҶﳤ˵Ǻðɣǰߵ㡣ǰߵһҩȥߵһʱͷٿʩӽ˵ߣ׼ȷǣƲСһͦѾӣƵģڱ򣬺ܵӡ
Ҷﳤɵӣоˣ²µô¶ƫ˵ƣǸ
ʩӽϴЦջ𣬺޲˱ڣ߸⣬ֺԼôƫƫȹӣǿӣ࣬¸˿ʲô
һ˫һһ[𣬺ܲ
Ƚҩ꣬ʩӽԻΰͷ¶ԴҲޣ˻ϲ
ҶﳤתţԹ̨ҩƷװҩһų룬ûʲôȤͻȻһϰųŮþߣվסˡ
зԱʵⶫ»רáһӰڹ̨ϣϱߵĲͼʾһޡͼһŮǣӵħģʹǳꡣ
ʲôӡ
óƣ˵
ӣԱóһ˸ߵߣͲɵģʽСѨúܱ棬ǸƨҲΩΩФ͵ˮңԲ£ѩ¡ϣҶﳤʩӽƨɡ
ʩӽǱ˵껰
Ҷﳤֻ֪Ǻ͵Ա̸ʩӽûж࿴һۡ
ʩӽԣŲСߵǰһԭһǸļƨɣʩӽ˴ˣ˵ǲǹģҰɣ湻!
㿴ö󰡣ָлȡ
Աһ˵ǽڻճãǺö˵ĸǡ
Ҷﳤڵһ۰ɡ
ԱЦһ˶Խܰɡ
˶ⶫȤʩӽֱ̾Ŀת𴦣ه¼ߡ
ƨáҶﳤ̾ҪĵĻú٣
ôܺ˱ȣԱ̲סЦȻԿ
ʩӽˣ˫һ
žžžҶﳤֹأʩӽˣҪ𣬽гֻ϶䣬ȴ⶯ע⡣
žžžžžž£һʩӽֻԼҪˣٶΣ˳ӿʱ̶
Ҳ̲סˣʩӽתˣ΢΢Ųģϻ׷
һܵгͷһʮ·ڣеͦסˣҸ˴һ£̧ͷһµΣ˼䣬Ҷﳤָ
ʩӽŶӣҶﳤʵ㣬ҪСȣҸҸɡ
ǿĲʣʩӽûлش𡣹ʶʩӽģʵʩܣôˣ
û¶ʩӽС𣬴ŷЦ˫ȼŲҶһͻỵ¶
һȥˣʩӽô
ʱʩӽ˵ˣֻЦеƤЦⲻЦӣƽʱӴ졣
û¶߿ˣеۡҶﳤæΧ
ʩӽ룬һɵ¶ˣ˵˻ˡøϽҵطˣȻһ̼ǵ군ɡ
ӭŷ紵һԺãʩӽյ˵ǻȥɡ
Ұɡ
Լߡ
ǿȡ
ҶﳤƨɾţȹӳŵԲԲģͻͻģˣǰûע⣬ʩӽҲҶﳤԴŵӣһǰ֣Բ̵Σžžƨɣֳеԡ
һ£һʱǿʩӽGɫ֮ĳ嶯Ҷﳤ֮󣬵һӦǰûڣ̫ðʧȴ룬ʩӽһ߽гţҧź촽Լֳ񴥵һ£ȻɳڣȻһС߳
Ҷﳤţô¡֪ôźãֻõסӣ·˿
ʩӽһźЩҶﳤֱҪʱ·Ϲȥӣлһʶʩӽ̺ãһͷСЦˣ˵̣ôˡܿˣͷ
ʩӽһͷֻԼһȶϣǵҺ£ӳ⣬ǳ۵һģģߣü۽ȫǴ⡣
Ҷﳤʼ磬˰ɡ
ʩӽҳ˳󡣻ͷĲ㡣
ҶﳤЦʲôϵԩ
Ҳʩӽ·ˣٲèüˡ



15 κƲ

ߵгͷһ߹ʱࡣʩӽһϿ˺þãɫöˡ
ǿȥɡ
ģٵһ
ûˣҶﳤס˺촽һڡ˫ַƨȻִ˼¡
ˣʩӽٶ˷£üź촽Ϣţ˵ʲôû˵Ҷﳤȥʩӽĺ촽˱䣬Ժ󣬴ͷ׽סСͷƷ
Ҷﳤ˫ţҪȹʱʩӽƿ˵һȥɣ㡣
áߡ
·ߵ˼ӣһ⳵ȥˡ
һߣȴһôֻЦֹ±һʪ͸ˣˣͷGǳȡ
ǱߵҶʩˣûлذ칫ңȥʩӽסıݡѾס˺ܾˡȻԼзӣֿǣǾסʡ
Ҷﳤ뱧ɳ£ɫ죬˫ˮȵģƵģͷһ㺹ţ˫ȼнװ¡
Ҷﳤ֪ˣҲƣֻĬĬصˮݸ
ʩӽӹˮ˼ڣСܣ߰ɡû¶ˣԼС
ҶﳤٺһЦָʩӽȹ˵ʪ˺ôһ飬Ҽǵû갡
ʩӽͷһƣɲʪһǵȻгġ˿ʵˣӶˣ͵վҲ
زˡҶﳤһס֣קԼϡţţץءƨɡ
ӣȼ˵Ƶģʩӽſ죬ǣ˫Ҳս⿪ƤǸļһͳһٵŪòʹǶͱţһ
ⲻ̫ʣʩӽһͷ˵Ŀ£ζͷɣּ̰±ȥ캬ȥţһĳͷͷƵĵţߵĳţµ
ۼôƯŮ˸ԼڽҶﳤˬǣǿڴԼĿУ罭Ӿ̣һһ˵سԼĴԣŴ죬ţ˵ҪʱʩӽѾȲ³ӣȹӾƵСãһ˫ְɳϣƨɸ߸
ƨɲ󣬵״ãʱһԲԲҲһ覴ãƷֿʱҲǹĹĵķʺ꣬⻬üֱɫľӣҷʲǡеŮˣһƨ߹ͷͻƻС
ʱǰƨģڳĹ£Ͽȫˡ
ջۣ·ÿˮ⡣±ߵëŨܵһԣ찵ɫģſµĳȳһŮˣźճˮ˵۾ˡ
ʩӽתͷĿ[ͣ˵СܣܰٲҪճɻˡ˵ţѰƨɻ˻ΣֱһѩƵҫۡ
Ҷﳤ̵סӴι֣ͷ˼Ѩףһ嵽ˡ
ʩӽһ˷ܵĳУöɧһʼ˵ˣͻȻȵˮ
һһٵظţžžҲٵġʩӽԲӦٶȣƨ͵غţֻ͵Ասˣеð泤湻ֻҪЩźáȻˡ
ҶﳤȻˣǸʵˡĿ£ͻɽɨҶײƨֱ졣
ҲʩӽԸĽ£ֻŮ˵İƨÿһ¶ɾ䣬ͣƨɳһƬ죬ÿһ¶ʩӽǵۣÿһ¶۵Ŀ
ֵǣûģУСܣúãоˡŤڵøˣͷֱۣĿȵܰ˸ۻˡ
ϵĹ̥ҶﳤҲŷͰһŬţѴŮɵʱУʱεķʼǳһĵŮսʿ
ҸɣҸɣҸ㣬ɧǡһ߸ţҶﳤһߺźţֻȻͣƨɶˣָӡԡ
˵ƨ⣬ڽİ¹ӿӿΡΡģǺɫĲ˷ŭŷŵķò
úãɵúãҪˡ
ҲҪ㡣
ҶﳤƵĲٸɣ˫Ȼƨɣžžžžžžܼ֮ˡˡ
ʹʹɵúðϲ㰡ʩӽţеƣա
Ҷﳤĸȷֹ񫡣оСѨŪüӿʱǸһһСջ̲סһָͷȥ˹

ʩӽһһˮݵðӺ
һҶﳤ̲ס˵һɹɵȫŮ˵Ѩ
úȰҹͷˡ˵ƨһʩӽſɳˣȹʩӽţҲЩҺ᲻Ūȹˡ
˺һʩӽתӣȹӣֽ
Ҷﳤɳϴӱһ룬ԭģ̧ͷ㴹ͷɥ
㣬Ҳɡ
ʩӽͷ̣ңô򡣻̺㣬㡣
Ҷﳤ糺죬Ľ㼣ޣ⶯ˣһڻȹӣظţеԡͨȷû֣֡
ʩӽý΢ţֶ飬ֿգֻңˡ
Ҷﳤûзɴ౧ԼĴϣŪһһòֺ
ȹ氭¶ѵɡٸһΡôãûɹ죬ԣ
ʩӽƵֻ֣ߣ˵ǵһΣҲһΡԺٲˡ͵һΰɡҡ˵úǺܼᶨѡ
ôԣôܰôϲ㣬ô£㰡ŮˣΨһ氮ǵġ
У治УֻɷһҲܽ㡣СܣŹҰɡ
һѽŮ§ڻһϴȣȹȥȻ֣壬ųõָУʩӽóˡ
ҲģҲŹ㣬ƫҪҶﳤָȸ̽ǴëѰ̽ʱŮ˽дȣýȥֱڴɦɦȥһȥͷ
ʩӽ۵ýгֱȷֿ죬ֳֻ롣ѾˮɽҪ顱ˡ



16 ܽů

ʩӽýսͷ[ۣҧüһʹֵӡʵܲסʱץס˵˫֣ͣͣһ¡ˡ
Ͱ͵ӣҶﳤͣʩӽûɳϣɰڴõ壬GΡ
Ҷﳤ񫣬֪˵㣬ͷʱô嶯ȶнˡ
ʩӽۣСåġ˵˵ʲôƣŪʲôҺö±߶ʳˡ
Ҷﳤ棬İƸʲôϵŶҺˡ
ʩӽһۣ˵һžžͻ˴ƨɣͻἤ̲סˮ
Ҷﳤ۹ϺϹ۲ţʣôôУΪʲôһƨɣ˷ܳǲйʲôľ˱ʲô£ʹģ
ʩӽ˻ͷ˵ǵģɷûбʲôһֱǱġһҵʱåƦ¶ԣҸ˵ġԸЩ¶ʱӼʱ
ҶﳤЦⳣ˵ų梷ɹҵˡ
ʩӽ̾ȷʵܶ˶ô˵ö֮ѹܴӺˡΪ˸ѹһϣзʱҾˣҰūҪҵƨɣЩŰϷʱ䳤ˣǶϲһˡ
㡭᲻Һ¼
ҶﳤҡͷԲġֻ֪梷֮ô죿
Ұʱ䶼ڸҵϣ¶ʩӽЦ벻ˡ
ҶﳤһЦ֤Ե㶼㲻ġŶҲһǿο
ʩӽһۣûг
ҶﳤЦһǵģڰ칫ҪˣгȥһҪˡȻʱ㲻ó⳵ô졣Ҫˣ㶨οġ
²ʩӽۣû˵
ҶﳤЦֽʩӽ뻳ҷĶ˵㣬ֱʡˬƯ壬ǸѵõĺŮˡΪɶô¶ô߅ȣһ㶼ˬ
ʩӽۣһѣ¶ܺˬҳʲôˡ
ҶﳤǶŮˣҪǱġȻѾֹϵֻҪˣֻܽһһ浽ʮСʱҲ̵ô࣬ǵĹϵԽԽõġ
ʩӽ˵˵˵Ҳˡ
㲻ǣǡ
ҶﳤЦ⣬ˣһ̣һֽȹƨɡ
ʩӽƾܣֲƾܼЧ󣬱֮֮ˡ
㣬ҲҼͣӲûӲ
ʩӽûжҶﳤ֣Լļϡָһϣǰӱ֧һӣģɬдżϲá
ץУŪţ뵽ⶫԼѨаԵԼôУЦˡ
㣬ȹӸˣ̫¶ˡ
Ҷﳤȹ°ڣϾʩӽϣӶһˣһ˿ҡ
ȹһҶﳤˣֻȷʵƻЩԲԲģװ׹ģССģͷѣ˲
ôţʩӽе˼ڣҶﳤˣһһסš۵¶ĹĵģһģԼ͸ɫѪܡ
ʩӽϢӴ˵һŮˡ
˲˵Ҷﳤͷסһͷһ̰
˫ְͷʩӽŤֹ
⻹㣬ʱҶﳤֻ͵͵ƨ֡žžôࡣ
ʩӽɶƵļһ˵
Ҷﳤֻʹƨģð
㺦ˣˡʩӽҡҷţҪԵ
Ҷﳤضֻ˫ȼСѨ类ˮմմţڴˮ»֮ơ
ںڵëѨԲĴȣ͸ˮһ̧ͷٿֻ۵ӣ΢΢šϱһߺ졢˷ܵ
ʩӽ۰ţҲڳ
֪ģҶﳤȻ嶯ˣȥŮ˵Ű
ôǿͷҵضţʩӽؽСܣˣô˵˫ȴڰͷָһһģСѨͦţתţˮࡣ
£ҶﳤҲ֣ƨϺݴһǡ
ʩӽƲɵ͵ƵˣԼǿɧѨѹȥȻŮʿһرţйţ裬ʱ档Ƶ۱պˣǿҵĹâ
Ҷﳤ벻ŮôͣҪŮƵϷŮˣֻĸǶ֮ңʤϣʹٶȵԼİӻ᲻ᱻ۶ϡ
㣬㰡Ūϼ͡
ʩӽڼţ˵Ū˲źÅȣʡԺˡҧź촽ǰɧ
ҶﳤؿŮ˵ѨŪ£ʱ¶棬ʱʧ٣йߴߴѨʹˮһϣԼĶϣһ涼ꡣ
˰Сʱʩӽõһ⣬¶ĺG
Ķֹڵϣƨ
ˮι⣬ƨⶼմˮСͬʱڶţһһźƮŮɧζ˰ѳֲס
ʩӽתͷЦСܣѽ˻ΰװƨɡ
ҡҡʪܵӣҶﳤʵﰡ
ɽ㣬ҪСܵĴ󼦰ˡ
ҪǴ󼦰Ͳȥȣ
ʩӽŤŶ鲨ҡֹ̬
ģ̲סԼͱġ
Ҷﳤ󱥶ЦԭҲοղŻυȡһοΰ
ȲҲŸ㡣
˵ҲŸɡ
ÿȥǼ첻㣬һΣҪȻ˯þ
ǽûȥҴ󼦰ͲѨ𣿡
ֲֲҪŮˣŲȡٲͲýˡʩӽӣ˵ĲΪΪ
Ҷﳤٶһһ˽ֵʩӽһһ
ӸСѨܵţܲ͸硣ڳʱˮ
Ҷﳤ֪ʩӽҪظײýǰ첻ֹɵʩӽŤΣ˽
ɵúúðɵýˡôɣټӰѾ
ҶﳤƨӿԸеĲʱ̲סˡʮָھ⻬ϸţѹţֱٱžžشǸƨٶӡָӡٶȺʹ
ʩӽֵýļ
Сܣһ㣬һҪˡʩӽʹƨɡ
Ҷﳤˣͣ򣬼ٳ鶯͸˼ʮº󣬸оСѨεʱǳɫƨɣ
žžУʩӽ˽й˫һſڵϣƨ̵ߡ
ѨУˮݣֱҶﳤƨɣٲʮ£
ʩӽܲסȫſڵϣҶﳤѹϣС



17 ǧ֮Ѩ

ڽгԵһڴơ߻ΧһЩͣʱۼ䣬ЦһЦ
Ǵ֮һһϾǻҰֱðֱ߶ôģ쵱ھˣСʱˣûкţƾ͵ڰ
׽϶ŮˣһɧĻкõӰ
˺ôЦЦرɫ飬ر࣬Ƶġ
Ȼϴƣһ룬һ˵ҶŮûȤҵ˾ȢţҲʵġģŮզôȡ
Աߵ˵ǵʩʩӽǸŮ˅ȡгϵˣĸ˅ȡ˭ļһӲֻҪӡƨɣǾӲøǹƵġ
ЦҲЦˡ
Ƶ׳˵ƽʱˣҪģǾ˰ɡ
ƵĴ嶡˵ɲ˭֪ʩӽã֮󣬸ѱ˶ɳʺ˭ҲûǸᰡϹôõŮˣֺÿֻǮһù̫Ŀϧˡ
ڳ˶ŵͷ̾Ϣ
ȵ̣ڣһƣ˵ÿǺÿҪ˵ɲһɡ
˻һһʯǧˡЩǶĿڴȵϣеŭĿӣеһģеĥƲƣһȭ֮ơ
ɨȦٺЦˣ¶
˵λǣǱ۹⿴Ұ˵ʲôˣ
˴˵̭ʩܡ
˽е׼˵ʩܻ
˵ߡ
סɵӶˣ͵һЩ齫һأָŴ˵Сǰɣ֪ҰʩˡܻҸ˵ŻץסȵĲӣվ
Դȵı£һȭܽɣûôЦ˵лú˵αضօȡȷſ͡ƿָ
Ȳм˵˅ȣ̫ˡҴȶŮƫ˵ʵڵŮмñǾͱɵˡ
Щ˵Ŀ絶һֱŴȡ׵Ŀף˵ŮˣǹܲţʩǸŮˡҪٸ߲أ
Ҳͣ죬һࡣ
ЦҲóǲˡǺã֤ݣķڷ
ͳֻͼ⣬һָӫĻЦԼɣʩǸʲôŮˡ
ֻʼδݣ˵תϱǼGƬʩӽҶﳤƬӵǣиȣϢܴ
һ˵ķӦԼеĺءеɫ䰵ˣе۾ֱеȶֱеѽһˣеһƨڵϣе˴һ⡣Ǹһֻϡ
ȸϽɱˤˣơι˰ɣ֪֪治֪ġеŮ˱Сһŵʵ
е෴ŮʵǸӡһӣĵú졣
һָ⣬˵ưء
Щʧǵ˳һɲҶﳤʩӽڽϲţЦ档
ʩӽټĴ˶ȹȹӶ̵ϥϣ´ȰۡԲģͬɡÿһʱϵҲŲһϱߵظ¡ߣ·Ҳʱš
ǶſţﲻζۼʩӽֻݹҶﳤ˽̬ܣ飬óǵĹϵ
ȹЦ˵ǻҺ֪ǳݵŮʲôˣҸǣǵĹϵɲǿ̶ֳȣ͸ɵһˣ֪ɶٻˡҪɣҪɣ¶ˡ
Χһţ뷴༥ȷˣٺЦһҪͷİ칫ʱͷʩӽȹ͸èдһţеǸ˰С㻹ɧ
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⻰˵꣬ŭеֱţǸûһһֱΪȣԭȫװġ
˿޵ֱӣƭǣûк³
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˵ģȰ⣬ֽżϡ
ҸǣֻɧǸӣɨǅȡǸᵹùġѰɣɵˡ
ȣ˵ʲô
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˵Լ¶ǶװȥǸһ̫ĲǶˡ
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ѹζȻŤͷ˵ʩӽӡһڵˡ
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뿪̣ȺҶﳤͨ绰̵Ҷﳤİ칫ȥˡ
غţȰԼĹϸ㱨һ飬ְʩӽЩ˿ķӦ˵Ҷﳤ
Ҷﳤ΢΢һЦãɵúãȣ㲻Ǵȣб¶
ҲЦˣҶﳤû˵
Ҷﳤ˵ˡżˣˣϰˡ
һ£գ۾ʵͷǿ𣿡
ҶﳤļЦ˵ʲôءΪˣôῪ㣿ϢǷż٣տġºܻͻᴫ￪һ׷Σҵһǣ˲¶ףԭ£Ұչ涨Ͱ㿪ˣ¼á
ȵͷͷ㹻ݡ
Ҷﳤӳȡһŷ⣬ݸȡȲӣüͷҵǮͰҴˣ̰Ǯ𣿡
Ҷﳤŷ⣬˵ﲻǮǷţҪҪ
ʲô˼
㲻Ҫ˰ɡǷŵĵַҶźˡԾҪɼɼ죬ֻҪܸϡҲŵŮ˵ĶƤϡԺһҪȡ
ôסˡ
㲻Ҫˡ
ŷ⣬ϲصˣײſϡ



18 ʨӷŭ

ŴʧſڣҶﳤԸпµĲӢòźãС۾ʹ˵Ҫ򵥣Ѱƽȴô
֮Ҷﳤӵʩӽ绰ԼһѲг鿴ȫгתƅȡ
Ҷﳤ棺ûʲô˹ҡһ
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һúúøɣ֣ȻһῪġ
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һЦʩӽŶһһ˵Сܣ׼ҿЦ໰ˡ
ҶﳤǸȻԲ𣬶Բˣ㡣Ҳġ
ߣǸˣʩӽ̫ˡжԼǸ⡣
û⡣ҽˣóԵģ㳢ҵգʳиܵŨŨİͼ겻ľġ
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вУԿԸĶ
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ʩӽָҶﳤŭ˵ΪʲôҪɢҥԣܻҵгĴҶҷ
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ЩҶﳤŶһǻȻ
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ʩӽ̾һ˵ҿɲҪֻˣôָ
ˣ¥Ҳûõġ
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ŮɫöˣҶﳤһ֡
ʩӽ㿪˵ӣûˡҰʰһӡҲʵ̫嶯ˡ
̧ź׵ƤҶﳤЦףǰýߡֻεİ̫һ㡣
ʩӽҶﳤĲЦˣЦгۡ
ʱʩӽҶﳤѪϴҩһǸ⡣
ҶﳤһԹ֮ʶûУʱʱظ˵Ц
ʰˣٿҶﳤָЩԭòˣֻƤۿϵףҪܺá
ĿҶﳤתţʩӽ˵СܣԲԲ̫ˡ硭Ұɣʩһ򹫵ַԼϡ
Ҷﳤ΢Цϸţӯӯ˵ǻ׻ײôѽ§ţѵˮ
׵úʩӽЦţ˵׼֣ˣԪ
ҶﳤЦҵϺˣ±߿ûˡ
ץŵʩӽ°ȥ



19 ͸

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ղž͸ţҪǿҡ
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һۣʩӽߵŮ˶ǺŮˣЩ˲ãǣջǣǲϵġô˵ֿûŹӣϱţƵģŪǶѿ¡ߣǸɹŰ
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ոɹզҪˡ
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飬ʩӽΪֻһ

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ʩӽ۶÷ƨŲҰ߳ȥ
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һЦ˵ɩᣬд蹦ȡҶﳤ
ҶﳤЦЦû
ģɩҳͷ鷳ˡһҺ㡣Ŀеʪˡ
Ŀг˳ݺͨɫռвͬҶﳤע⵽ˣͷһ𣬰ģѵ氮ʩӽˣһﶮʲôа
һ𵱳ԼݺҶﳤҪɱ˵ͷ
ʩӽѵõһЦ紺ţGˣһμʱӿˡ
ЦȻģɩò֡Ϊˣõġҵʱ֪Ľø磬ϧ̫ûл᳤ܡ
ʩӽԣһ˵ϧøЩ⼸䣬Ҿ͸ðС
Ϊһˣɩô˵̫Եˡ
ЦЦתƻ⣬˵˵Ҫһλѡġ
ʩӽߵѣкöҶﳤҪߡ
ʱһһŮӴһָҶﳤЦʩӽϵˣһǸϸļϸϵˡ
侲šҲˣ˵



07



01 һƱ

İһӰݵŶ룬Ҷﳤʩӽǰʮͷͣ٬¡ǴۣںڵĶ̷촽ɫװȹ׳ȹȣź˿࣬ϸ߸Ь
һ֦չŮ˼˰ϸһϴ׶֮װ̫Э
էһ˭ûϳ˭ۣ¶΢Ц
ҶﳤҲϳˣЩȣ̫߳ˣôһ֮ǰӡȫͬһ뵽ղŵĻɵ﷢
ʩӽüСҹ㣿ռһ˫ĿԲԲģֱϲ
ûҶСҹʩӽӦϲҡСҹ¶ѵõЦһЦñκʱºͣݷǰµġ
СҹŲŲ׼нУеģ̨˼
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СҹͳָֻͷӫĻϵ˼£Ƹʩӽ˵ЩƬԼɡ
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ҶﳤȻƽʲô仯
ЩƬǶǴȣݸͬģģŵģſŵġ廨ģб׵ģϻʵģбӵģеյġбȫ˵ġ
һţſڵϣСҹڽ£Ƥѥ£ȲΡӺǶѪر
Ҷﳤĵûá֪ˣӦð͵ĺǡ
Ҷﳤ˵ʲô
СҹʲôˣӲûá˵ˣˣǱʩӽߵԵסգܻʩӽ̻£ߡⶼָʹġ
ʩӽ⻰ʱҶﳤĿɻ
ҶﳤһЦ˵֮£˵ʲô˵ʲôҪͷϿʺӣҲûС˫һ̯ʼ磬һίӡ
ʩӽһһЩŶСҹ˵ǰЩƬ˵ʲôֻĥˣ˱ĥӣ˵ʲô
Ҷﳤ˳˵û̰ƻҺʩĹϵʩġ
ʩӽҲ˵ʩӽ̳һˡ˵ĺûһܷġ
СҹЦˣĿڶתתȥ˵ǵһԡʵʤ۱硣һУΡ
ʲôУʡ
Сҹ[Цţ۾ЦΣŲңҰѴȽô
ʩӽ޳ɣۡһӡ
Ҷﳤ³ûг
ʩӽʵʲô𣿡
û飬;ͰɡҶﳤЦţЦеǿ
Сҹվ˵ôͬ˽أһ֣ٺ٣ƾžֶΣеٶȿ϶졣ʱʲô͸ˡСɾͱˡ
ʩӽĿⶢҶﳤƣҲţҲšôǼϸԵףͼʲô
ʩӽɤŲش
Ϊ˽زǨ
Сҹ⻰ʩӽĶߣʹľ𣬿ɵ۹ⶼһˡ
Ҷﳤ˵ע£ѹ
ÿ˿ĿвֻͬЦСҹǺϾĵ⣬ʹ˵Ŀ⣻ʩӽĿǻɡšʧʧ䣬Ŀâڱں
ˣҶﳤûоʧ룬˷ִ磬š
Ĳ²⣬û֤ݡ
Сҹ΢ЦҪ֤ݣ԰ҪķڷҺܿóֻһóҪµˡҲţ㲻¡
ҶﳤӲͷƤʲô£¹š
ʩӽһСҹһҶﳤĴң֪˵ʲôáϣСҹԡҪﶼǻǿôˡ



02 ˳

СҹͷãǾϸϸ˵ҵҪӲʲôʱ򡣡
ŲӯȽ˶˿µĴˣָСڴ˿࣬ϵĴ಻ˣʹ཭˼ҵŮ
ĽŲУʵظڳ²زţһԸеĲˣ˻Ϊյġ
бҶﳤСҹЦҸҶ϶һǸҶﳤһġѾˡ
⻰ô˵ҶﳤԼҪͦסһ̣ʩӽǰΡôŬôѪܸ
СҹָҶﳤıӣʩӽ˵ʩܣϵõǸˣ㣬ס֪𣿡
ʩӽˮĿⱯ
סھƵ
شˡСҹЦǲ˽Ҹ㣬סǱȾƵ̫˵ĵط˵á
ס
СҹٺЦˣ˵ǵζͰʵǣסһҽԺ
ʩӽһ㶣ĿתҶﳤʵôˣ
ҶﳤЦЦ˵Һܺá
СҹЦʩܣִˡǿɲһͨҽԺ˾ֱҽԺסǸ䣬ٶҶﳤר䣬Ǹߵ䡣˶οǸ롣
ҶﳤﾪţϲɫСҹں˵ˡ
Сҹߵ㲻ϲ£Ƭġҵ˶θ㣬ЩƬһ㿴ȻûĵҶﳤһƬʲôϵǿ֪ġ
ʩӽһ˫۾𣬻⡣
֪ʩܣǼҽԺߵĻʿǼŮù˿͸ɵġСɺ̸˵ͬʱҲûЩʿķɡ޸ǳ䲻òˣʤˮۣ˵á
ʩӽû˵ʲôסˣվ
ҶﳤֱСҹҪĿܷŵӣѶСҹˡ
Сҹһʩӽ֣˵ʩܣǽӿ͵Ƭ㿴ɡֻʩӽǰָţĿתҶﳤϳ˼Ƶóѵ졣
룬ٶô׽ȻߣǸ𱣰Ƕ׷
Ϊʲô뵱ȻǷҶﳤڲм㣬Դﵽ½صĲĿġ
ҶﳤëȻһ亹⣬ôΣΪûμҪĴ¶
ʩӽ촽ҲûȿƬˮһſ·ϣ¶һ㾧Ө
޽е˵ˡҲЩƬ
ҶﳤʱҶﳤӯӯۣһӣһʹ֪νˡ
ʩӽ죬û˵ͻȻ䱬ˣһƴҶﳤϣ˵㱻ˡҲ㡣ֶԶСҹ˵㿴ôȣһо˵ġ
СҹЦû⣬ʱݡ
ʩӽݺݵҶﳤһۣ󲽶ȥһǶôʹޣֶô
㣬ҽ͡
ҶﳤˣҪ׷ȥ
Сҹס˵𼱣𼱡Ҳֹ椵ġҴҶﳤǸðƻĶһòȥҶ
һձۣ˵ȥ׷ɡ׷ļͷڣҲԭˡ˫˫ɡ
ҶﳤһͨſڵϣԭŰ˼šϡϡϣ۵Ҷﳤ죬ǲгվˡ
СҹǱӣЦЦû֦Ҳóһһӿģװ˵ƤСèƵģеۻ
кϷˡҶﳤðƻ뿴֪ʲôĿֱⷢͣԼϣ
ЦЦ˵Сҹôӡ̫˳ˡ㰡ö˶˵ģôȥˣ
Сҹ¶̬˵֪
ͷ
СҹһЦ˵Ҹ㣬ҪȥģҲã˵һҪġ˵ţ¶Ůӵ˹࣬Ŀⶼˣ֧°˼״
ٴδŶСҹһŮ£Ϸı飬е˅ȡ
һ뵽Сҹںڵһ磬뵽ĸ׳ĺͲҶԣֻܷ
Сҹ㻻磬ҲƯЩǡ
Сҹ۾ǺЦˣЦ޹䣬𵴣ӿջʮ㡣
˼ۣæĿ⡣
ңҸɩĸ
ЦһĴŮ
Сҹߵǵ˼翴ˡȰİɡ
һ
ǱߵҶﳤȥ׷ʩӽźֻ߶·ĻʩӽӰӣ˵ˣ׷ΡֵֵزٶĽҲ޼¶ȥ侲һ°ɡ
һڽϣˡֻﶼǼҡ
ʹʹģʶΡǸˬǴʱҲ
Ҳˣֻƻʹʵڲġ
صҽԺķ䣬һ֧̣˿˿վ˼ҲһƵظŶð
ʩӽĿ⣬Թ޵񣬻ˮӣҶﳤеһѹۡԼ֣ôӣ
ѵԼĶģֻ𣿾ô£ôҪ˶顣ܿĽѵصģֺα̶
Լ˵ŮʲôӦõĹߣͨɹ·ʯԺ󣬲ٷֵͼ
˼μƻʧܣԼͷԼ򵥣ǲܣƻϸҪᵽס³ҪǰѴȰŵ׵һ㣬Ҳ䵽СҹԼҲ˱Լ̫ˣС˶СҹһͿءǲϿô³çļƵġ
˼֧̣ƽˡ
һ˽һסҶﳤ֣ɤ˵ֵܣٰʧǳɹ֮ĸ
ҶﳤĴʵ磬ô֪ʧܵģ
һ[ۣӿݵϳЦ⣬˵Ҹղȥ˵£ҽ˵ˣߣвĵ¶˵˵٣Ǳ̬ˣ̫߳ˡôûĹ˰Ϳרˡ
ҶﳤˣҲһůһƵġ
Ҷﳤһ飬ļ˵ֵܣϻ黹û군ĵز£취
ʲôģûˡ֪ˣģּգֱӲġ
Ҷﳤ˼



03 ѩǧ

ͦµģʩã߳㣬Ҷﳤסûвġ᲻뿪
磬ҪסˡﲻʺˡҶﳤдű֮⡣
һҡԴС̶۾һ[˵ֵܣҲһҲðˡˡ
ҶﳤһʵΪΣ
ſ죬Ҫ˵ʲôһ죬˽Ȼһ˿˫èƵ۾
ĸˡ
ֶáл˵ء
һͦΣϿʲô仯
˵ɡҲϸءҶﳤĿͶϣǻ
֧ԮСҹĶ·ų˵ҶﳤǲɽصĲǨˡСҹںʩӽãܿͿʩӽǩˡСҹϴˡ
Ҷﳤأû˵ʲô
ġĵһ˵ѹּôأֵ߳˴¶
ĽƹͷԴ˵СҹҪǵϴǵĺӿɵͷˡ
Ƶ˵Сҹ˵ˣҪǽҪɵĵһ¶ҪġɨسšҶﳤɲֹɨسô򵥣˵ҪðƻӵĨȥ
һĴȣյСѾͷƬӣ֪ߵغ񡣡
Ҷﳤ¶΢Ц˵⵹ġҪôɣͲǶСҹˡҵÿҷˡ
Ҳ˵ֹ㣬ҲҷӡĲáҽԺģ˭Ҹ߰
ĻؾҲ¡˭֪үǮ˼ҵĴү
ĶһۣЦûЦֻǣǣǡ
ֿҶﳤ󷢸пǶǮˣֻǸ⵰޴ȥֻȥ¶ˡ
û֨һţˬ˵İɣֵܣڣ㡣
Ҷﳤ˵ûǰۡļƻˣҲûʲôٺú϶зŤתǬġǧй
Ҷﳤͷ
ĺ廥һۣˡ
ָԭеİҶﳤֻгһ㣬˼̣޷ƽŲݣ¥ӵԺԺӺܴл̳ɫģгΣһξһ·֦Ȼ
Щеɢеڿе˼еĿϷ
ҶﳤãȻţӭʿǴ
һֻϱһ׷ԲԵ̫̫
һУһ߸̫̫˵żЦЦ⣬˭ˣ˭и顣崿˼ˡ
ҶﳤܿǸഺʱܿң߹һʫһӣ¶õĻ䰡
˫ʱҶﳤͣ²࿴Ǵۡ
ǴҲû⣬΢΢һЦЦݴѩۣһ˫ʱ
ҶﳤתͷĿıӰ
ǴβʽĻʿñǰ¶һĨɰϴŰ͸۵Ļʿȹ¶СۣСȣ˪ѩԲá
ŮӣҶﳤûв˺ܴĿ⿴һ뵽Ҳߵ
пϧȥôɾĹҲС
˲ֻ档òȡǺ޴ġ
Ҷﳤһų¡λһïĴ£ס⣬ϱߺˬʺ¶
ĲǨƻˣڶСҹ¡СħŮλԼ̭֣ȥȥ
ʱԼļ
Դӵù⼸ʱ޲̲ԼļˡٴμǣֻǸΪܡԼӣʲôȥǡˣǴءԼڼ䣬ѾŮˮԮԼˡЩǮӦùòɣӺãԼˡ
˼룬ǴСˣʹǰһŵһƢζֻȫ޴
еߴ˵磬Һû㰡һ˰ɡ
Ҷﳤ¶õЦݣ˵ҽа졣ҪпյĻһ°ɡ
Ǵһ£һڶмӡǶܿģĳһ
ҶﳤĿϺϳ򣬼ʲôë
ȻࡣûϸССͣظƵϸˣ·ôһ˷ͻˣ¶ø࣬׻ҫۣϥǡСȵô˳ֱ覴á
Ǵע⵽˵Ŀˣ˵һĨϼͷ˵ҳû𣿡
ҶﳤһЦ˵ȥμѡˡ
ǴҲЦˣ˵лĿ佱㿴ɫðﲻ
Ҷﳤ̾һ˵飬ûʲôëӦ鲻ðɡ
Ǵһ˵ãҲεġ֪Ĳʲô
Ҷﳤͷʾͬжϡ
кüûҵļˣҺǡҪɵߡ˻ΡҲȥǡҶﳤһᣬ⡣
ǴţҲ֮ɫһ˫ˮӱȻˡ
ҲͬУҵĸʹࡣ
Ҽʱ𣬾ûмҵĸס˵粻ˡ
Ǵ˵Ż˿ǻ촽һ⣬ƺҪޡ
Ǹ¶
ǵǡҴС裬ġˣȻƢãǶŮõġûбõˡҪΪңһкöȢɣҵҸ
Ǹµĺӡ
ҶﳤǴ˵ĳƲ⣬ҲӦǸŮ
뵽ߵʿ¶Ҷﳤһ˽һ֪ⷽǴ֮·ġĪҲǺȱǮ͸ǸԲԲһ
Ѱ˼κȡ鱨ʱǴֻˡ
һۣ˵ȥӵ绰ˡǰ
Ҷﳤͷһͷ˵Ьˡ
ǴһЦϵЬ
Ҷﳤÿˮˡ
ǴǶϵǴ̽µġʹȹӼƨɵ״ȻңԲֹֽ̣ʹ˵Ĵƻ붯ȥ붯쳢ƻζء
ڵλãҶﳤǰһǽĹˡ
ϵЬǴһ߿첽ţһߴ绰߳ԶˣҶﳤѹ뵽ԼԵɵЦˣ˵ôˣв
ϣбۿϦѾͷߣ㣬Ӧûȥġһʱûлȥ˼ƺڵⳡδĶԻ
ֱϦɽĺɫĺϣԺûʣʱҶﳤվ
طʱӴмĴ¥¥ȴС¥ǱмҵϤŮ࣬ϤģƺǴСʿĶ
ҶﳤǴ꣬ϽǱߴڹȥ



04 ¹ȵɽ

Խ¥ݿߣԽ󣬸ܵĳԽǿԶ϶ֻǴ̣ǴûϵıʹҶﳤŵȭͷɿˡ
ߵ¥֮ԽС¥ݣΪ¥խרʹãҪԵĲǻߡмĴ¥ݲǶԻߵģ̧ܺƳ¡
¥ݿڣܴˣˡһб¥ŲȥڹĻ̨ϣѾԸܵǳܵĶ˾һ̨ϡ
ŮǴеһʮ꣬ͷǴĻëź졢סĻһֻϻһȦ൹˧κһλС⣬ֻģˡ
˿ϳӶԲˡ
Ǳˡ㻹߰ɡҪġǴŵһһ˫Ŀǽ
٣ϰ༸죬ţˣƲˡϰ֮ǰҿɲ
аȡ֣ͷ
˵ǼһûûˣҶȰˡҪҴ绰㣬ֻǻĵȥ
Ǵŭ˵˵Ӷˡ
ëٺЦˣЦúա
ôģʹˡҵʲôһǲѰҴ˼ε绰㶼ǺþòŽӣ
ʱɴ಻ӡңڸʲô
ڹಡˣҪԲ˸й찡
⻰ƭСӰɡΪҲ֪һʲôҽԺʵ˵ɣͰˡٺ٣治֪ôġôĺҽԺȥҪҺҽԺ
ǴŻëʵ˵ʲô
ëƽǴһǴŭţˡ
Ҳ֪װͿͿ㲻֪ҽԺҽԺʲôͬ
Ǿ˵ĵطʲôͬΪǳа
ë˦˦첲Ц˵Ȼ˵ʲô֪ҲСҾһ仰㻹ѡ
ǴĿһͣ˵ǻûзְ
Ҿͻѡ㣬Ѹд𣿡
û̫Сǣˮ
ǴȥŹŵĲıӰȳƣġ
СҲ룬ʲôطѰҽԺŲֻ֪ɫǣ
һŴ㡣ÿһ뵽һ㣬͵ĵòˡÿһ绰㲻ӣҾΪ㱻ɫǸҵģñ
ǴȻתһ˪ˣйģظӿţˡ
вɣֲūŮѲ٣Ҳһˣ˽вƲҪа׼̭ҽԺôãûм˵Щǡڣ߿ҵȥҪٲңԺ󶼿ԲˣҲٴ绰
̬ǿƣ˺˵껰Ǵתߡ
ëˣһסǴΪ̫ˣʧȥ㡣ûĻһȥġ
ֻ˵˵ʮһˡ
ԺһҪ˵ȥ
ëʹһǴײĻ
ӣҺ촽αǣ˵ۣµٿµСɽ壬̵סͷһͣѹǴĴϡ
ͻϮĴңǴ˵ֻķãʹ޼¡
Էö࣬˫ֱýģ˵ǴǵôȣʹĿԽԽ
±ߵ͵߱Ӣ۾ģǹ۲һ˺¶ΪǴѵ£ӿ죬ɫ糺죬ֻ˺ϴ˫ȭҲ˼ˡȻⲻǿʽġ
ëе㱾£ڴϾԼɣס˱ҧ䣬ֻڶԷֱϡϰţ
ò幰˼СŪǴԵģߺӶˡ
ֹˣë˿Ǵ죬ͷֱ룬СϸϸƷˬߣֱҪˡֻ˳ƶ£ǴƨĴšŪšţ̰ഺεĺô
ǴŪֽŷҪ͸ƿ˵ˣˣҪˡ㻹߰ɡ
ëأͼѿӹһּǴ˫ˮϼ촽΢ţͻһĵӡ
һûйءɣҪ㡣ɷ˵ë§סǴִ˫ıϷ鷢й˵
ҲҪҲҪǴҡͷŤģһĿ[
ҪҪһҪëһֶ죬ֻɫֻصץŪ
ǱߵҶﳤֱðе㼵Сëˡô崿ɰСŮ§ڻ۰ѹã֪ٿȡҪԼСëöð뵽ǴҲǸߵĻʿ
ڻëǴղһ󣬱㲻״ˣо壬õĿС
һֻ»ͦһָֻĵʵǸ߷塣ָֻյִĿ꣬ûһ룬ûȸһɶζأ㱻ǴֱƿֹǴȻܵˣȻȻͷһۡ
ëıӰֱķݣĵ죬طݴԶ
Ҳ٣ôÿζһ̶Уһ¶Сʲô˼װɣ˭֪ĻʿġҲһģûǮɣҪ飬˭㣬Ӿɱ˭һɱһһ٣ɱһ١˵գǴķ׷ȥ
ҶﳤûϷˣĬĬԼ¥ߣҵġ
Ǵľܾ˼˲ʷǾ˵ƣǷڲͬ˵ϡ뵱꣬ܿǴǶôưǰʥࡢࡢ߽ࡣԼֿ˲ٹء
ǵһε˿̹ģÿһϸڶתʱܿԼеŮŮ¹Ǩܿʲôˣˣֻ²ҽԺκһλʿٰɣ
˭뵽ӰǺĴͬһˣ
˭ŽŮʥŮѲⰡĪòȡˡ
صҶﳤ϶һֽƴɡһзֻӣȣ
֪ηһֻ򣬱۾˯˻ˡ
úڱʹյģһЩȻֲЩôѰζ
˻ûһ֣ҲûڣûҶﳤϥ룬Ҳ֪˭ģ˭ġ
Ů˲ϲЩŹֵķˣҩʱϲСϷСȤ
͵⸱ʲô˼˵ʲôлֱ˵дֽҲãƫƫŪôһ֡Ļ˵ú档
ҶﳤŻٱ飬ſ룬룬ƶ룬ԴҪըˣҲûԼʲô
ϷɣС˯
ǳ˫ԣСû㡣
ҶﳤõĽۣΪŮ˹¶ˣˣˣ



05 նڲҹ

ϰ˵ӣһߵϵļյƶţÿ䶼ԶĿġ˵Ӧྲģǲһ㲻ڵһԭӦòϢĴϣһһݣ缱衣
Ůϰƽɣ˫٣˵Ĳӡ˿촽źţƵƵšֻʵĴӣƵţϺġȸ߾ţʱʱϣʱʱֱսĽ仯š
еſŮϣRŻ˶ǸͻĴսһСʱˣǾӣ԰
ϵļĶɣĻͭɫıҲ˺ӣػ¡
˵ҶﳤǧˡͬǣҶﳤָ˱Ŀ㡢˧⡣ǧ˵Ҫ˧ɣɵС
СԽԽˣԽԽˡǽĸαǧ橽е޼ɵŴ
㣬еô𣿡
ʲôˣ±ָָ㡣˵ˣⷿǸġ
Ҿϲˡֺãб¶
ǧһ죬ЦҲúããĸŮ˲ϲҪǶɼʩӽҲ䵽ز
Ҷﳤûӳ鵽ѨڣһɵףɵˮĽϴˡ
ð¸ɵȣԼһƮúøߡǧ˵Լĸܣתˡ
Ҷﳤ˫۳࣬ݺݵصţƨϵļţɵǧŤߣֻԾúÿ죬ûĹⲨʵʵĿͷҲĿ
һͣţһоˬˡ
ǧֵñĿţѩ׵Ĵƨͦģ޲ʱʱ̼̿żͣ뿪źáҶﳤͷϵĺ飬˵εʧܣԭܶ࣬һûץʩӽҪǰʩӽ׸ɷˣҲٸ㷭Ҫġ
ҶﳤŻٶȣͷϸꡣֻӱˮϵһһᣬһ̬
㣬˵̫ˡʲôãĲҡֻҪһ첻ңͲȫҵġ
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ҶﳤԼСѨġ
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Ҷﳤˬùͷˣǧ橵СѨʳˮѴŪʪһƬ



06 λ⽿

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ЩֵܹƳƺãӳձɫȥ󣬸˼֡
Ҷﳤ֪ǸΣ¶һУôɴɸС֪ǸŮ˭ΪҪ޺۾
һǧ橣˯ţ֫ԲԼŵıӣס±ߵʵǣɡһ׼ᾪѶԷΪԼһ
˯ʱҽҪǸӵ÷ԼĶáǾͷŰɣǴͷ˯
Сͷڶ衣Ҷﳤ޸˯ġ
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ҶﳤСĵţĸ첲ԷûѡҪΰʱǧ橴ȼеýģ¶һ˿ƻЦݡѾ
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Ҷﳤ߽ȡһԵظš



07 ߲嵶ֵ

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ҶǲɾˣԼһһ£һˣǲϣĵǾ㣿
Щ˺һͷ
룬Ҳ⣬Ҳϣȥȡȥȥأ
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⻰󣬿ǷӦǿңһʯǧˡ
ʮ˫ĿͬʱͶĿг˲ͬĺ⡣



08 һǻѪ򳾰

Ϊ˷գǲҪˡҲǿȴңԸȥģͷȥһܸмԸģǾɡҲǡûɰܱ˵ˡֻһˣҲȥˡ
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о¶ҶﳤŶˣ˵εж൱ѵģɹϣãǸŸɰܻܿῪǹġǶǴˣҪ˼׼
С۾е˵ȸͦãұ˭Ҳ°ҲûҲΡҿͷվˣǲʶ졣ôһʲôѽһһκˡ
ҶﳤһЦ˵ҪۣҲܳɹ
Ŀתա
ռᶨ˵ˣҸš
ҶﳤˣͷֻԼѪҺֶ



09 ־а

磬ռƻҶﳤʰ׵Ҫ뿪ҽԺȥ͵ǻϣӪȴȡ֪ΪΪǻȥˡ
һţʿǴվ⣬Цţ崿ˣﻹС֪װʲô
һСŮ˭õġ
ҶﳤϸֳĵЦݡ
°
š
˵ɡʱ仹ԣҶﳤǴһģûһӪжѹ
ˡ㡣һͣҶﳤӹ
ʲô˭ģ
ǴشҽǧɺҰӽ㡣Ҳʲô
Ҷﳤһ򲼴Ǻɫģڣֽǰװ֪ʲôʱͰأա
ҽ
ҡиջƤҽֲƤ
лл͹
ҿ㣬ҩĻǧҪ԰
ôˣ
Ǵһߵȣûʲôˣ˵ҽиëɲ̫ãɱĵ
⻰ô˵
ҽЩŹ֣ⲻ¡ҽԺﻹЩԷ˵ϲһЩҩ˵Сƭҩɱҩ
ҶﳤЦˣĵѵСˣҲںٵΡ
õģҼסĻˡ
ɱ˵˵ġ
Ҷﳤװӣһֻƣ˵ҿԶ췢ġ
ǴЦЦһ죬ͬ¼㶯ˡţƮƮˡ
ȵٻӰʧҶﳤתݣǧ橵Ĵӡֽǰװһעһͷһű㡣Ѿװڹˮưϰװ̶װáֻҪװͷͿʹˡ
ŹĺɫҺ壬Ҷﳤһɻ󣬲֪ⶫǸʲôġ룬֪ܵʲôõġ
չ㣬һֽϽŸ֣ӱ񱩣ɧ
дצģݷ𿴵ǧű
ҶﳤЦã˵˼˲ܵҩȻܸɧöǿԼֲȥʩӽҩҲûãţͷǧԼϰɡ
첽ţҶﳤ¥£һаͳĿȥտС۾߰жԱı鶼綬һ㣬ûһЦóҶﳤ뽲ʲô˷һ£˼죬û
ӽĿĵʱѳһ˲ǰ
˴ȺɽơƫƧݶ࣬·ۣģ·Ҳˡ
Ѻȵһ𿴷ˣΧǽڡΧǽһ˶ߣס̽صĿ⡣ΧǽˢŰ׻ңð߲߰˻ġŽգ˺塣
ǸʱҲͣҲǸյ
Ҷﳤ۲һµΣΧǽսǺҰݣǲа˸ߣָܣ
ҶﳤͽյＸ䣬ŶԹսڱΣ쿴ſڵĶֻҪһ֣̿ˡ
ʱбգҫۣ²ͣûһ˾ȡ
ŴſڣҶﳤϢӣݷ𿴵Լ͵ڵз׷׵صĲҾûʼʵѶ֪ɽлƫɽСԼϧЩ޹ġ
ʱ߰ӳȫװءųһСӣСűſڡ
ҶﳤĵǶˣ춼ǹء
ʹǵһ
ҶﳤǽգұС۾ôƽԾӶС۾ӶںĶҹ
С۾
Ƕ£Ҳ¡С۾ţš
ٿſڣվãӵǷӳȥţԼȴ˵ԶԶġԸСҹ˿̫ɡ
֨ѽѽ򿪣߳һкüʮš
ԱһǶСҹѺһ׵ļһ廨·ģǴȡ
Сҹָֻԭ󣬲ټװŮڴڼпˣױģͷڸͦؿϹӿš
ڶ̿£ƾϸĥɣ˾ޡ
źǣ̵ķƻ˴ȵС
˫ڹϴѱ֮ɫһԼԵ˲ǷӳǱɽ˵ĸӳ
ž٣ӳô

СҹÿμλӳǸͷһĺӡϹ⸱ˡ
ӳȷʵãݣǸߴ죬񡣿ģǲˡɫľǲסĶ˷顣
ͷһϣ߶ȶáϸӢ˲ȣ
СҹټŮôȣֱԲֲݣޡûд㣬ԣɶСҹ˭۾أо׼ȷڱԼŮˣעˡֹܣɱˣ
Сҹ´ˣ˵ž٣ǾǶ£ÿôô䰡ϴҲ̫˰ɣһһˣôִ𣿡
СҹǱ¶ϴҪʵʵϣͼܣһῪǹֻҪ͵ܵɵƲã˭Ҳ⡣
λžЦţĿƺƮѩ
Сҹ˻е˫ڹڻǡ
Ӱϵ˲ܵطֳɺڰֳ֣ɺ˺ͻˡֻҪˣûиɾġˡ
ǱߵҶﳤӰ֣һ¡
ϴμıӰ֪ˡȥı仯ôٲǻáˬʡǵഺŮˡ
ֻӰߵҲ˲ˣֻҪΥˣҾͻᶯ֡
СҹһЦ˵ºüˣҪÿ˶⣬ѵ㻹ܰǶǹ𣿡
ӰĿץǣǸҾܲҲںֱӻС˭ʡġ
Сҹƣ˵Ӱ
Ӱû˵СҹҲʲôжǿĺ̨𷸵һָܿܿƣǹˣԴʹٶǮٴȨҲûٻ
СҹЦŸض˵Ӱ˵µġֻ˵ˣұûʲôˣҲûʲôô˵ңҿɲҷ֤ô˵Ŀӣ˵һͨҿԸ̰ġЩȥֻǾɡǾҲøһ˵
һҵ֤ݵġ
ӰɷɱȻȻǹϡ
ʱӳֹӰ˴ߡ
Ӱݵ˶Сҹһۣһ֣ߴȣ
ҶﳤǼ龰ˡΪһ˵ĻᶼûСڳȥӲɣֻν
յ˵ͷѾˣذɡ
ҶﳤŴɬ˵ҴӦãҪѴȴȥôߣ
ʵҪ;ĵˣЩǿѹż֮顣
ⱲӾǺ;첻·ӡҪ˺ܻҲӷ񫡣Ҳùֵܣ𱸡
촽š
ҶﳤһĽռ˵ұӷȡ
ʹסˡ



10 ˺

Ҷﳤ˵ͷ棬ȥɡóͷףϣȻҳ壡һ֣
˷׷ȡ׼õͷ׻ߣҪ档
Ҷﳤֹ¡ôȥУǽ㣬̫صˣϣҲһϵóȫмһ׾ŵģҵģȱ嶯
շһīʵͷ˼ǡ
Ҷﳤչ죬ڽյĶ˽Ｘ䣬յͷ
ҶﳤԶȥߵһ˵Ľ䡣ïʢҰݰסˣ˭ҲƲָԭ׳˶κĿļⶡ䡣
ѵԴȥ
ıԼ󣬼ʹ嵽ǰҲʲô󻼡ԺҲЩ
׼ϣҪǳʱǴĶ
ǧ橵ǹͳڸ첲ע䡣˵ⶫ˵һҲܰɡ
ԸӲ͵ͬʱҲԼȭͷӲӲҲӲ
ӵܣҶﳤȥտѪҺˣԴѣֻضתζ
ڸɫѣЪϢ¸󣬱ߣһͣ·ͱθˣԼľԶˡ
ͷУΧǽԿԺн䳵ǰװȡһһѵľͷֲġɳӡ
ŤŤͷ첲߽ţһʹѣУֻڳ˾޴ֻطйǿҵƻ
ҶﳤʱҲʼжĿ⿴ÿһһ֣Լȳ췽ȥĵǸϣٴУûһ˵ġ
ֻС۾ߣߵЩǰ˵ľ
棬Ҫһڳǰ
Щһɫƣڣһʱ䣬еľ춼񾭣ս׼
ڳԼˣд֣ϲɫ漴ϲƺͿʹ
³ӳӰվǰߣĿ⾼ضˡ
ӳȵ˭ô
ӰָǹϣĿϬ罣ϵѪҺΪٵɱȣ˵ٶϴ˷ܡ
е¶һ˿Ц⣬һЦš
λӳˡǶǺˣطΪѵġǴȵֵܣ˵ˣ
ôһ˵ЩԱɿ
ӳûӰĿŽգ˵ǿˡ
ճŹѺȵ˵Ǵ˵Ǯ뽻뿴˵ţӶͳһǮҲ֪мٿ顣
ӳ֣䣬¶ȵǮˣЦģһҲ̫С˰ɣһֵܣ͸ô̫ûˡˣǵİɣҲ뿴С
ճȣûг
ӳȵˣǿˡ
Ӱǲǹ˵谭ִҪеεġ
̾ÿ·վڶСҧ촽˫еݷһֻصԭλˡ
ϳҪͻȻһʯһ죬ѣӱҵ䣬ͷˡ
Ǵȵ
ˣ׷³պͶСҹҲסˡ
ǰһһڸеĿӰ֣
гߣ֫ľֻȭͷϴ󡣳¶ģֻЩõĶ̿㣬¡ôһҲ֪⾿ж¶ߵļ⣬һһӲһΡ
Ұ˾޺ͷŶǳɫͷǺģһ𣬺ò졣ٿֻ࣬۾ݣ׹⡣Ѫţ¶۹ֽţʵˡ
쿴ʧɫ
ӳ̧ͷž޺ʵʲô
;ޱҶﳤ˻ȭͷͻȻ䣬ʮָ복һһᣬѳ˺ˡһץȣȼ֫裬еﰡŵð۾ˡ
ҶﳤĵķӦ£·
һȥһȭҶﳤĸࡣ఼ݡ
Ҷﳤ͵һͦһյȥˤԶʹۿž޺ɣºȻ֪ǴðĹ
ӳˣǹ
ֻһ󳴶ǹ𡣿ҶﳤѸ٣תۼֻʣ¸ӰˡԶԶģֻȵĺ
ӦӰһһ׷ȥƵġ
ӳں߽еӰСģСġ
ָŶСҹ˵СҹȿɱǺˡ
СҹȻƨ¶ظһͦϵͷͼһһ䡣ӳڿԿһ򣬺ƺƵزšѩ׵е鹵
һ֣еǣΪȱ𣬸ϡ
µĵһӿϣСҹǷ𹥻
ѹ˺þõﱩˡǹǲΣҪ¶ڴˣûйǣ÷йһ¡
СҹҲеʹ˭˭һ˫ڹա
ֳüʮˣһţҳһƬ
ӳҪ֯׷ҶﳤԮӰ˳棬ҲܲܣϽָӾάֺƽ
дܵģܵģдģкȳģоģеġǶСҹͽգ伤ҡ
Сҹ˫ڹǡƿ籩꣬շ磬ղ档ҲԲڹӰƮƮȥɣʱʱĻҪơ
ˣеһȭһŵģѽⲻ֡еĻŹգžžֱ졣еڵϷŤеĻӣ֡ߣСĴ˾ϣ첪ȻŭҲսš
ӳȰ˵Чʧأòǹ塣һǹʵ
Сҹ֣ͣĿֱ򣬽˵ֲҸɰɡҸߵĴ
һ
ǱߵӰɿ죬ܿ׷޺û³ֱײȥײȡ
Ҷﳤһһ̥ϣ˵һ̥£ȦΡ
ӽǰĹԣ෭ڵͨͨһҳ
ҶﳤŴˡһԶȥԶˡ
ֹͣĽų죬̥תš
Ӱܻ˳ţ÷ظֲòˡҶﳤӰҡҡԴȣ׷ȥ
ܳףĻúøߡţ¡һ춯أըŶףӰ˸ͷ
Ӱһҧ׷ˡ
ۿžԽԽԶӰļ٣֪ôá
ż䣬һĦУ
Ӱվ·м䣬ƽ죬е
ͣ³ʵʲôģ
ӰȵٷϻһѽקĦС
˽еٰˡҪ
ӰߵҾǾ죬ĳĨһţವشڳȥ޺׷ȥϣ׷ϵϣشȡ
ɣҶﳤԼҲû뵽ģΪֻǴҩأɫǣȴ̺ƿ˵ıܡ
һ򶷺ͱܣҶﳤܡú֪ȳ˿ٱʱһ㣬ԼЩȴƫƫӰ׷ں
ͷӰ׷ʱִҲˣٶȱɣȽγ졣
ŵôУΪҡҶﳤòһƴ



11 Ѵй

Ҷﳤ᫵ɽ·ϡûˣͷΡʹܣֻ˦׷ðѴ͵ȫط
˫Ƚ˶УֻϷ쪡
ϵһڣԱߵˮ·һγǷ۵糸Ҷﳤ㣬ֻһײšǹɳҶﳤüԶͨһڵϣȴ·˳ȥˤ·ߵĹ
ҺﳤӲݣȻֱֵӾ͹ˡˣȺû
ҶﳤӵԼײ෢죬۵ûʲô󰭡ٿֱΣոܳΪߣͷذ£ðһɹɺ̣Ǳˡ
ҶﳤתҴȣϽ·Ҫ֪иµľ׷ԼءϿɲʲô¡γ˾ɲ
һŮʮ̵꣬ģһŽ޵Ķ쵰һ˫ĵĴ۾˿ŭ𣬺촽ҧš
һţװԳǰ͹̵ĵĺǱСסظٵһһ䣬ǳۡ
˳Ҷﳤ˫۵İڶȵУׯϣԵôһֻĸʨӡ
ʩӽʹţ߳ţÿһߵöʵҶﳤĴϣǣûߵҶﳤԼ˫ȴۣʯͷϡ
Ҷﳤͷһƣʩӽ
ʩӽ㶣Ǹа˴羢žžžžžžʮȭ
Ҫ֪ѧڵӽȭһ羢ȭȻرֱۣӻ򼴿ɡͨĻȭ֪ǿҶٱˣײô羢˵ġ
Լİʩչ
ʮȭʱﻹµʲôĶðģÿһȭпʯ
ҪǴͨϣʹöԷˡ
ʮȭȫҶﳤĶϣȻɶûСʩӽľԼȭͷڼϣƤϣԣǿҪԼʵͱˡ
Ҷﳤź۾Եɫǻһοˮ
ʩӽŭһͷҶﳤĶͦϸߣһĵ˵ıλһȥ̫ࡣ
ĶжʩӽڿƮ˫ߣ߳ţǿ൱󣬺һתԭءȻֻýĵۡ
ԭÿһŶߵ˸ϡ
ٿҶﳤĶȻͦʣڡƣʱƲ¶®ɽĿ
ʩӽʧܣٶȳعҶﳤȹؽڡ
Ҷﳤţһץ
ʩӽˮ˳һ£תܡܳ㱻һץס
ʩӽһֻƻҶﳤĸ첲һŤֻһȻˣʹѽһ⡣
Ҷﳤɥʧǣڵء
ʩӽҶﳤһƣˡʱ֪ԼǰǶôһ
οСˡ
Ҷﳤӣð֮⣬˵
ʩӽֻ赲š
Ҷﳤ[ЦţһûˡһСһ죬С˺ˣ¶ߵ˿֡󲿷ƿյзŮ˵ĺšֻصͷû档
ҶﳤſˮͷԼ촽
ʩӽˣæ۵סԼظԼ٣ŤԼ壬еҪҪ
ҶﳤЦǺŻȻ֣ڷϣһһšʹŲ㲼Ҳܸоĵ
ޣޡʩӽҶﳤѹϣѹɽ壬ܣֻŤҽС
๻ˣҶﳤֻ֣Բ۵ӱ˳ƵģƻƵġ
ͷͬѣλãرۡӲÿɢһζ˴ջ
һҶﳤ˿ڿˮٶסֱӰ棬оһӵĹ⻬ϸۡԡԣ˰֡
ֻɸ״ԲġġģһƤĺӡ
ˣ˲ŪͷŪʩӽж˼
һҶﳤһͷסͷһֻһֻӡ
ѽѽҧѽѽʩӽŴ죬̽һһ³ţŮ˿ڽʱ㣬
ʩӽߴغ߽ţһʹࡣ
Ҷﳤܻ棬ֻ鷿šֻͷˮܵģΪޣȫĿˮҲʪģȻԿ˫µָۡ
ʩӽŭУе֣ûУ
ôɿڵͣҶﳤô÷Ź֮£ʩӽȭͷŶԷԴģľƵģãֻο֮£ʩӽ۾۽
һŪҶﳤܡ
ʱһƬ磬鷳ˡ
ֻӱһֻ̽£ק쵽ڿ
ָŪʱʩӽļ
ֳϸҶﳤ˷ܣ볶ĿӣһʱĦг
ֱһͷֻһںڵǹԶԶضԼ
ҶﳤܵԱȥ첲һۣȫˡУʳʺѪĿġ
ؼʱ̣Ӱϵˡէ˵һĻǹ׼ҶﳤԴһݣȻȥ
ҪܣӰ֮£ӴҶﳤȥԼĦУڵϴٿĦУײҶﳤһײʵʵġ
Ҷﳤҡһ£Ħеأ˫ץٹͷŭؿӰʱѪӿ
ԼʲôˡֽһױΣ˵¡
Ҷﳤ˫һӰű˵ķ
Ҫϣǳ֮ɡ
ӰԱһ͵ʮ˹¡һ죬ĦаѵҳһӣҷɣҽмྐྵӰϣۣȻ
ҪԸԼֻԻӰӵʱֻǾû·ߵĹҳȣ¼£ɵԶˡʹһ
ʩӽѾվˣϣҺƨɹ󣬲ڵӡˣûֻʵ¶չ¡ĽŲСһһһģúԸУ
Ӱ̲ס࿴˼ۡʩӽʶˣæڵ
Ӱӭȥʵʩ㻹ðɣ
ʩӽЦ˵ӰӣҾˡϱߵ·ȫ˺ˡ
Ӱͷҵģģ紵ɪɪæ⿪£ԼĳѸ
Ӱĳһȥɫ֣ܱءʽ֡¡ĸ߶ŶСȡ
ӰѸٴ·
ʩӽлǼشⱻˡǴӳıճ磬ŨԳŮ˵˼



12 ӷɰǰ

Ӱʵʩô
ʩӽþ쵽Сҹ˵ġҲ߾鷳Ӧ׼һǲģڸҪ˽ˣó·û뵽ǳˣԼȥ
˵ǸˣŮʧɫ
ʩӽǸģоӵӰġ
ӰҡͷҲ˵Ǵϵġ
ǰѾ˳ֵǰǰһ飬ʩӽɫֱ䣬뵽Լղŵ¡
ʩӽһ˵ȱǸˣ鶼ˡ
ӰӦǰûд֣ʲôûˡƾһЩͷϣûͨġץ˿ɾˡ
ʩӽ룬˵Ҳǿҵ
ʲôط
ɡ
˵ȵһ⳵;̵꣬˱ҪţֱҽԺĹǼҽԺ
Ůڵشǰ
ʩӽһȭڵء
һӰ𾯹Ӱһţ߳Զ
Ů¶ʤЦݣߵ
ǲ֪ĸһʿһʣʿ˵û˵иаĲˡ
ǼˣVIPһ¥ÿãòýߡʱλŮڷŭ֮³Ϊĸϻʲôѽѽȫǹƨ
ߴãУһʱֵһƬطɹ߰㡣
ÿģ߻еڴ룬е죬еھе˿ɾͲ̫ϲˡ
ÿһţŸӣֻʲô֮ɫһֻԼ±š
ŮʱӵֻվЦһ˫ɡҽԺ̫ˡŶžװҪƷջϲеˡ
Ӱһȥһš
ʩӽܹȥ⣬ȵžž졣
走
ǽ߿ģǾ˵ˡ˵ķ䣬ߵĻʵ۾
һ䣬һʿس԰ӣͷǸݺˡ
Ӱ߿ʱ˾гŮȥеܵţһɣǰĶð׽һһģôȺ͸ǡ
ӰˣĿ˺ƻ֮زز
ʩӽ˵ʲô
иġ
һ䣬һܻʿСѨ˸ɽȡƣùأʩӽŴȥ
ʿһʵ˭ȥ
ǸͷȻǾ˵ģһ£ʩӽ΢ЦģСײðƨžžš
ʩӽΪ˵ĳȣͷе
ӰϹһƣһ㵣æ˳ȥ±˿
ʩӽ׷ʵôˣ
ӰǾֳ
ʩӽˣЦʲôֳҲˡ
һ̺ʽġըȡûԻսҵ
ĳһʱߴһһ¡
ȵˣһţſˡŮȥϣһӴһŮŮѸӸסԼ
ֻµӴӴǸ̵ø߸ߵģˮ⣬ȻûꡣһҪҵİ
ʩӽһڹȥָ˵ҿҵˡ
Ӱʵܲˣǲţߵ⡣
ҶﳤæϿӣ΢ЦʩܣʱҪ¾𣿡
ʩӽ˫𣬴ȻˣûʲôƱİɡ㣬ǲǱˣ
ڼǸʵظٺţһһ͵ģͿżһ˿ƺû֡
ҶﳤĿϺ飬ƽ˵Ҳ֪˵ʲôȻˣ˷ѻᣬ
ú̸̸
ʩӽ¡ıѣЦҪһ߸Ůˣһߺ̸𣿡
ҶﳤһƴϣٺһЦ˵ǿԵһû˴ŵĵط̸ֻҪС
ʩӽ˵Һ㻹ʲô̸ģ㴦ңƭң˺ҡҲԭġİɡſȥ
ҶﳤЦǾͲˡ
ʩӽҪʱŮ˵˵ĴϢд̵֨ѽһͷֻҶﳤƨڿʶţĶ°ڡǸŮֻѼӣضţϺͷʮ
֪ôʩӽĺᣬȥһǸŮˡ
ſڣӰţһ߳Ŵһ˵Ҫ»ܸȥ
ʩӽţһȻ˵
ʩǲץ𣿡
Ҳȣƾ޾ݵģҲܶ԰ô
ʩɫôôˡ
ʩӽԼǿЦЦ˵е¶߰ɡ
Ժ⣬ĵϣůůģúʡ·˳գﲻʾŶеķ١
ɫ̫ʩӽоһЩˡղѹϱ۵ʹҪǿöˡ
ʩĸ첲ôˣ
ԼӺˡЩӾû¶ˡ
ﵽʲô¶
ȥˡʩӽȴд¡
ʩӽ뵽Ǹľˣ˵ˣӰǸʲô
ӰĿԶ˵ҵٰӣץʲô͵ĶУǴûôֵļһˣֱǵӰĹް滳ǲࡣ˺ĦУƵģġ
ʩӽ˵ȷʵ˼ҼֵŮһܸġ
Ӱҡͷ佱ˡ滳ɽ˻þҪҽ˵Ӱ
ʩӽһЦ˵벻ȲҪˡαؿԼ
Ӱ˼ţ˵ʩղڰķûзʲô
ˣŸŮˡǽʱڸ¶
Ҳ˵˵Ͱʱûзʲô
ʩӽһµʱ龰ǹÿһϸڣ˵ǸûʲôԾġ
Ӱˣ˵ҿԺǲҪǸˡϲźöܣòҺ񣬳Ǹȴ㱻ơ
ʩӽһʵ⻰ô
Ӱ죬˵ֱֻҾ˲һ㣬ǱϿô򵥣ƭһΣҵٱƭڶΡ
ʩӽʼ밢ｻọ̈̄̽ÿһ֦ڡ
ӰղķŵѪζ
ʩӽȣôûŵ
Ӱҵְ֮ҵܰɡϵѪζСʹɢζҲڸǲˡһڳѪζ
ޣ㶼ŵóʩӽҪٷȥ
ӰҡͷҿˡҲȣһٸӦǡ
ʩӽ޺޵˵ﰡһͱҵ̫ˡ
ӰʵΪʲôô
ʩӽߵ˭ƭˡ
ӰĿϣʾʲôǻסˡ



13 ȿ񻶱Զ

ҶﳤĲڰʱȻ첻ϡ
ʹѾ󣬷ŬšͶŮβͬǣɵĶˡ
㣬ҲСɧ¡ҶﳤĴ͵ţƺҪǸСѨ
݅ȣ㾹ҪҵČ£𰡡ŮӻЦţȻǧ橡
Ű״ӣϼеĺ촽źţŰ˽С
ɰҸˣұһҶﳤ˷Ĺ¡
ǧ橵ǸЦˣ˵СԲסˡ
ҩͷһϣû뵽
ô⳥Ұ
ǰ˼ҵСɧ°ɡϴŵ⣬ĿдŹӣղܡ
Ҿ͸ɵҹ
ǿɲаֻܸɰСʱһиҪȡ
ҶﳤĿ貿нسţ˵ɡֲ㡣
ǧЦˣ˵ǲɡҽҪְҵµġ
ҶﳤЦ㻹ְ֪ҵˣǺ
˫ָĴƨɣ⣬õĵԺָУÿζ
ҽĴ׹Ӳû£°ھϣȻ˫ַӣƨɾ͸ˡ
㣬ҩԼģ
ҿûôͨ
ҩһݼӢĿС飬ͬƵģճ¯Ҿ͵͵ˡ
һʲôС飿
֪̫ˣûʲôô
ҽҩô¶
ǵıǷһǿĴҩеȥһҩȥֻҪ˸ͣͻͻʨӣֻ֪¶û뵽б˵ЧⳬǵоˣʵҲû⡣
ڻҽԺ֮ǰͷۡʹúڰϡ
Ҷﳤͦӣײžžֱ죬ƨ粨ȣֹر񫡣
һͷƨɹľջҲͬһһһɵر仯ţʾźܺÿ·
ҩĸǺܴġÿη֮Ҫ伸βָܻ塣ȻĻѪѶ
˵
ҪΣȷȫ
һҸʿɡ
ˡæ꣬ٻˡҪæһ˾Ϳ԰㶨ˡڶ첻𴲡
ǣǡרҵե֭Ҷﳤ˵Żӳֻë£ϺɫСѨһԲԲѨһһšˮšһŮеζƮ
Ϣ˺ܡ
Ҷﳤ̲סͷһڣ׵ǧ橼һ˵ָʲôɡҺߡ
ҶﳤӦһѨһͱһֱ嵽ˣǧһߵһ˽ĸо궼Ͷˡ
㣬Ļַֺɧ
ϲͺá
㣬Ҹ첲ǹ᲻к󻼣
ҲѾӵȡȥ𣿡
û϶Ҳûа
ʲô¶ûУô鷳ӵ͸ıСڸӶһڲࡣǳ˵Ѫûϵ
ҶﳤԼĸ첲ۺСҲۣû¶

ɣٹ
á
Ҷﳤӿٶȣѩ׵ƨ⵴̲ͣסֻȥ
žžǳö
ǧ橱ýгͷʵСôˣǲҪҽ
ҶﳤЦŽ͵㣬ʩӽϰˣһ͸߳ˡ
ǧ橺Ŵƨɣĳ壬˵ֲƨûá
ʱ˷š
Ҷﳤһ߲ţһʵ˭ѽ
ˣҶǻʿʣ㿴ҽûУ
ûа
ҵأȴӰ
Ҫ֪ͨġ
Ҷﳤ˵㣬ء
ǧֱ˵㻹ûء
һ¿Եġ

Ϊʲô
ǧ橺޵ϴŽƻġ
ľҺȥ˿
ҿʼͬĲˡ
ǧ橾°ڣһһɣһſСѨˮˮѨô飬ô
ǶģΨжġ
Ҷﳤǧ橵ĴȣٴѨͬ͸ɡ
ǧһԼŪţƵĺ߽еôɡ϶£͸߳ˡ
Ҷﳤţٴºˮɵǧ橵Ľһð
ͣŤͦתŮߡ
ҪˣҰɡĽȻ󴲶ȻӾһɳˮ
ҶﳤˮһݣҲ˵ˡ
ǧע۵صز[Ŀ˵̰ь¶Ҫˡ
ʱȣܹǧҪˡ
Ҷﳤ֣ǰ׻ľҺţһ˵ӣӳ糺׺ˮĿ˵ˡ
㣬Ҹһ°ɣҪϵģܡ
ʲôѽɡ
ǧ橿һԼ±ߣҺѾ˴ϣͬһһ
Ϊʲôѽ
ҾϲĿСֿȥҵˮƽƽ߳ȡ벻Ч
ҶﳤľУǧרҵĲһϳȥˡ
Ƕˣû֪ڴߣСѨ£ǾҺ˳Ĺ켣֪᲻ѽŪʪˡ
һ죬Ҷﳤ뿪ҽԺߵͷͿ͡
һСʱİߣһ洬ȴİߣĵƹ£Ҷﳤͽͱȡ
⣬Ҫڵϡ
ΰԭΪҽȥˣ͵ŰǹӶˡ벻һܳͷҶ֪ôмˡ
ҶﳤŴȲ֣˵ǶԼֵܣʲôȥϱܱܷͷȷȥٻ㲻õģһչ˺ǵġ
Ȳסصͷ˵ͷڶСҹҿʲôû˵ûг㡣Ҫ㣬Ҳᱻĥӡϻţ˺۵ġ
ֵܣһܲҪǲţҲȥɣ͵ȼˡ
ͷҵǸ˭ô棬Ƶġ
Աǻױġ
ȰŰɣ̾ǿ̫ˣĵӰһ
ʱҺˡ߻˻εơ
ȣˡ
ͷһǵġҶﳤͽա
Ҳġ
֮ʣԱ߻һƬģн˫ֵģдתǴԼվڴϻֵġ
Զȥ֮Ҷﳤ˵ЩƬͷ椣ҲǶиˡ
յͷͷǶˡ



14 ΣѲֵ

ˣûߡźڰеĴ󺣣Ĭ˺һ
˻죬һ˴Žʯǹ֮£治ʱˮĹӰ
߻ѻߺŸĽһЩ
Ҷﳤһֵ̣ݸһ֧
ˡ
գûʲôð
ҲУˡ
Ϊʲôˣ
Ϊˡ
ҶﳤŶһûʡ
ֳ֮ʲô
ķԸȥסʱ䡣ҸǸ˹һУˡҲûлʲôǺͶСҹһܣһ¶ûʲô鷳ֻмܵˣԷ˻Ҳˡ
ܺáҶﳤͷҹһһġ
ͷе㲻סҲסǣȻȥˡһһľˡô¶
ղҺʹ˵ģҲˣԱٰġ
ҾͲˡԺҿ԰ĸ¡
Ǵˣܿ͵ı·ȥ治ףЩ˶ƽӹֻ֮ҪһģŲ⣬ܻøЩ
ôţҶ㡣
Ҷﳤӵͷ̵㡣
գǰǸʲôģ֣ͦ򵥵ġҲʲô𣿡
һ£˵ûڵϻֱ
Ҷﳤֱѹֺͱ˲һ
ҵʮڴ̡һΣǳȥִȥΧһֲӣ˼ҰΧˡ˵õģǴǰ󣬺߻ġǱ˼ҴȫûҲӰֻһˣŵֵͻΧˡ˵յ͸ŸɬţݷֻصǸʱ̡
ҶﳤһΪʲô
Ҳ֪һص֮ҵѯʣõĴǣΪ˴ֻ֣һˡ˺ѵǾͲ֪˵Ƿӣǵ£ˣƵ쵰º󾭹ȣǼһסˣ˱ɳմˣζȹ
ҶﳢЦúáҲˡ
һ˵ұ̣ҿҡΪ˱ĴҴӦΪ¶ǻûûأûӰˡ
һʱ񻰡Ҷﳤ۵
ûˣҲˡ㣬ֲˡΪ˾ֵܣԼҪˣжءĵطҾ㽫ȶɵøãߵøԶ뿪Ҳûʲôģǽܻᷢ⡣
Ҷﳤúܶ飬ֻһۺȫһסյ֡
ѣҵҡһɣԼҵ
ɡеҶﳤ첲ҡš
Ѫ֮£ҶﳤҪ¶Լʷ˵Լܡ
ֵܾӦ̹ǻߣ˻ȥһ̣·ӿġطƣܿıѣĶ񶾣ӰԼǹء
ĸƤѲ⣬ԱΪ˰ȫչ˵ģֻ˵ֻĺãô档Ȼ˵ֻԼ
ҶﳤصҽԺſڵءݣ˵ƣ˵˵¶Ǹô¶Ȼ֪Ķǧ橸ߵġ
ǧΪʲôҶﳤ˵¶˵أȻǧŮˣǲԳȵġ˵ĵ
Ҷﳤ͵磬˼ٰġ
ɻʵٰļһô棿ôôܵøһ죿
ҶﳤЦôȣ˵̫ˣֻǱƽ˸ߣһЩˡˣ磬ҾΪ𣿡
ҡͷȻˡȻһԴˡ
л˵ɡǽղ֮ûʲô¿԰Ҵ򵹡Ҷﳤ˵ţĶ档
ŽͷԴӿݵϴǳ
ֵܣҸ㣬õɿϢСҹЩ̸̻ˣǩԼ̻ߡǨ¶Ҫ㶨ˡѶŤתˡ
ҶﳤԴ˵һҪ
ôͳɹˣܡ
һ[̶۾˵ֵܰСħŮøл㰡
Ϊʲô
ǰڵĹúãʹЩ̻ʩӽһɢɳСҹͺ׵ˡͺñ˺ô󾢶ӱ۵һӺóöСҹһԵˡ
Ҷﳤͷ磬ǡô¶ζСҹɼ˴ˡ
żֱߵ˵СҹһǶó֣ǻ˲ɡزסĻҵǶԲİ׻ˣԼϴ̼
Ҷﳤο磬ⲻ㣬ֻ̫ˣͷˡҪӦҡ
ЦЦ˵Ѿˡ
ǰ¶ҲˡǵöԺ¶
˵ûҲ¡ﻹЩǮôĶάڵӡ㰡ֵܣûиûпɽǺϻɡҪǮͳɡǶϰ塣Ǻһ⡣˵ô
ҶﳤůĿ⣬ȵġڵ͹ȵʱ򣬻һѣǶ˸ж¶
磬ڻûеǸزһԡ
ֵܵ˼ǣ
ȻǻûǩԼʹСҹûгɹȻҵʱ䲻ˣϾһһ
㻹Ҫȥ𣿡
ԡһҪȥһ˽ء
룬˵Ҳá֧Ԯ㡣
ǧ橴ƣݽʱվҴȥһӡ
ҶﳤıӰʵô㣿
ǧժͷϵķУһͷɢʹĮʱ˲һķɡ
ҵôк³ϴǿġ´Σȫһë
Ҷﳤͷ˵㣬̫ʵˡʣۻ˰ɣ
ǧһ˵ɲû뵽СôѸ㡣һʱͣٽŸˡ
Ҹ㵹ˮ
á
ҸóԵģˮ
Ҳá
ô죿
ǧ橺Ŀ˵ξˡ
Ҷﳤӣǳĳ
㻹ܸ𣿡
Ѽͳǰ
Ҷﳤ⿪ӣͳӲļһ쵽ǰ
ǧ橵ı˼ڣֳ֮ɫţۣһĿʣһϵľһɨ⡣
һ˸߲ҵ󼦰ͣҶﳤôסˡ
˵ǲһȡṹ϶Ƕһ޶ġеˡ
һ磬Ҷﳤأȥʩӽİ칫
İ칫һһʱ˽顣
ʩ𣿡
ڣܼ㡣Աһۿ
Ϊʲô
пڡ
ֻҪھˡ
ҶﳤǵرȥͷȼϣĻ档



15 һƬ˶Ϲ

Ҷﳤ˷ţ¡
˭ʩӽ
ʩܣǰл˵
߾ӶûзӦҶﳤԭ£ʵʩܣôˣ
ǾͽɡٽϻƺЩԥ
Žȥֻʩӽһˣһ첲ʯ࣬ڲϣɳϣʲôˡ
ô˵˵ѡΪʲôҪƭң
ʩӽţһ·ˣһ˫ŶİǽûҪ˼
ҶﳤҲɳͷһʩӽŲŽŲһͷмһ롣
ʩܣ˵̻ǶͬǨˣСҹ
ҶﳤĲ
Ӳ濴üۡӡ촽Լ壬Ǻһ䶯˵ʻֻϵе㲻ͷ
㺦ģ̻ڲҵģӶСҹġֻһڿŽءĿĲȰұǩȰһĵףסӰԺɷҵΨһƲˡҵķӣȲɡ˵ʩӽȦˣ⡣Ҫǿƣʹʧ¡
ôһ˵Ҷﳤú⡣
ʩܣ𼤶˵Ŀģˡұô룬Сҹġ
Ҷﳤ̾˿ڿӣҷ⣬ҪȰͬǨˡǶСҹǱҶȰ뿪
ʩӽתͷҶﳤӯӯģвţϳơ
ɷͲˣһжΪ䡣ʱʣڼҲӦǰŻ䲻šһܻڹȥǺ˥ϵġΪѣҲϣôšϣÿ춼ÿĵģЦš
ʩӽһ˵޺өٴȱ
Ҷﳤ΢Цʼ粻
̸Ǩ¶ҪǸҶԲ㣬˺㣬ʵǸǣҺһӣܸˣۡһ˵ӡǳ˵ҸɡӦҲҸеġܿó
⻰ȼըҩƵġ
ʩӽ͵ץϵıӣҶﳤͷ
Ҷﳤһƫͷžһ죬ڵˣķѡ
Ҷﳤվ˼ű߽ӣˮʩӽʵôˣʩܣ
ʩӽץ롢̻Ҹסˮϵسﲻͣطٱžž졣
ҹԶԶġ
ɫǡαӡ
ȥɡҲҪٿ㡣
һıУҶﳤĶӣûʲôˡֻôһԣ䵽˵ز̫źˡ
Ҷﳤֵˡǰһߣʩӽ칫߳һˣװģƤЬ
һӣ
гʣҶﳤʧſڣһСαƤ㻹Ǹ
ʩӽһ˵ûϵ
ŭЦ
ǲǼͺܴŪˬҾ㲻ô
ʩӽһȣŭл˵ƨͷšû㽲ֻ
ͷ˵ãǾ˵¶涡СҹġֻҪͬǩ֣ӦңߵļǮ
ҸղŵĻҲˡҲɷĲƲġİɡ
Ȱ̻ͬˣһ˿ʲôã
ʩӽȻȻáڽأҲֻмҵӰԺ֮һӶҵġҲǩ֣ǰǶǩˣһƬطҲˡ
һ˦첲ܻ˵ǲʶô
ʩӽһ
֪һֱջЩƲǱġЩСҹǮˡȽסҺĸѺŸɵġѽӣһƬ顣
ʩӽһ͵תʵ˵ʲô
һˮۣջĺ촽ʵ̲סˣѹļ鱬ˡȻһѱסʩӽǴеġ
ʩӽܵϮһ¡
һֻˣΪһ죬һ˵֡ζԷ˫۱̫ˣһʱ侹
һţһ߱ţӽ֪ҵһμ㣬ͰˡǷ޻عżҡ㴩һɫȹӣŮһҾͷģⱲһҪȢ㵱š㲻֪жô֡ҪɱˣҵĻˡڣһҪǮݺݵöСҹһǮǮǵġԺٻӡ
ĸ첲ʩӽ§ýģʩӽӲûá鼱֮£˴羢ֻճȭͷûпռֱӻ
ƽЧɲһ㡣
һ죬֪˼߹ǡһҽУ˼Եأһʹ״
ʩӽƶϣһһ°ͣѪ졣쵽°ͣһƬ
ʩӽŭ𣺡ԺٸҪ
ӵ°Ѫ˿ƮûвѪֻʩӽһۣĶȥ
¥µҶﳤһС̯߽ӵ绰ǧ橴ġ
к¶λŮҽĻд˷ܾ
㲻ʲô·ҵСɣ
Ҳˡȡһµҩҩι˵ôʲôС󰡡֪жҪΪҩһӦءι
еġҩ֮ͷۣĻţٳԻ˵ġ
ˡԭĻ˸ҩý͡ҼˣÿһΣûж˺ġϻҩ
ҡҡҶﳤ¶˿Ц
ʲôҩҵČ²١Ůҽˣ˵绰
Ҷﳤŵ绰أһĿࡣ
˵Ǹҩһ޺Ÿչһȡ
뺦Ұһ뵽ҩԼĹӣ뵽ͷǸۣǸ죬˲
ñҩˡԣܸ
Ů̫ԵһԲϣ緭顣òɲСһÌ£ʴǣֲ˼񡣵ȻˣҩɾҲûкôͨ¶֮⣬±ҲűΡǸǸ֣ĸ˶ȲˡҪǸŮ˲ȥŮ˻ʲôӦԼ᲻õĿУ߲εã
˼УҪҳȥһƳһ˴ʩӽǸ칫¥ܳѪʮǱܵشŶ
¥վֿһѪ
ͣ˼ӣһɫγˡ
Ҷﳤʣʲô̧ͷʩӽİ칫ҴӣȻûƭңҺʩӽ֮ǰֻҽȥˡʩӽɣúáҪǴˣǾ͸ˡ



16 ɱ

磬ںƾơ߹ѾӺãʵʵҽԺ֮ڲýɫӦˣعͷԼס
ˣ֪鲻ãȡ
տʼȵúգƱյģߺѪȣعҲﵽһĿġ
ǿЦ˵Ȥ¶ڽذĳ¶ƮƮȻģЩķܶԼ˲
ǵк̨Լزǿĸ˵ĵʶͲиܶɵһСආΪһĴ˵㲻Ŭ˭ҪӡôĺӾԼġ
Ϊ֮ҲӦõġˣøϿԼõǰ·ߵģǮġøģҲ
ھƾ˵гʱи۵ļһᵽʩӽ
Сӷ¾ƿӣžˮµϴʩӽǲǸöɡ
˳ֱʹɫļ˭֪ϴʩӽİ
һﻹûͣ˼˵СӣϹˣ֪͡˼ĴŮǸλĶܽӴûӰ¶۾û¶ͣɡϽľơ
ЦţֻЦ˼֣۾Ҳ͸Ų֮⡣
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סϴ֡
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ͬһʱ䣬ҶﳤصҽԺڷմǧ橾ͽˡ
ǾƣģڿǾܣݹﻹһ͸СӣҲıɡ
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ҶﳤԥŽӹһ뵽ǸģͷͶ
ǧ橽˵ҺͬͨˣһΪҩЧǿ֮󣬻ǵԤڲϡ֮ǸйϵҵЩԱܺ档һĸ¡Ǻøݽٽмġ
ҶﳤһЦ˵ģٷðɡ
ǧ橶㾡ɡǶ֪
Ҷﳤǧ޶Į˵ҪҸˣ㻹ᵱС𣿡
ǧ橺һ˵Ҵû󵱻¶ҸҲûʲô¶ҿе˱ļֵ
Ҷﳤģӵĸо
ҪûʲôȥĻ統ҵרҩԱɡ
С𣿡
ʲôС󰡣ҩԱһᱣǮܲûࡣ
ҶﳤĿʣԼķ졣
¶ʺҡҿһǺϻﵱ˰ɡ
ǧ˫üһ˪ôĵӣҸҵǽǣŪ
ҶﳤһԼһ仰鷳æ˵㰡벻뿪󻹲һȡ
ǧ橵ϵԼ٣˵ʧҵĵһ죬ͽҵļţò
ҶﳤЦŵͷĵֲɵҩұ֣˶ɣǲŽвҡ



17 ʱ氮

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Ҷﳤ룬ҡͷɡ
Ϊʲô
⡣ڷٸôһǻֻҪЩָ̻ɣСҹԵ֡
˫һ̯ʵ˵ô죿
ҶﳤһĿЦ˵СҹһЩ£õ֧֣½أ˵һıˡ˵δؾһƲҲ󽻸Ǻ¶ȡô˵ҲǴŮҲǸðƻ˵ǲǣ
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ϣҶﳤֱͦƨɣˬ÷һϵļʱʱɣ[۾˭óǶôܡ
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ǧ橽ζţ䣬Ǵ顣һ뵽ⶫÿѨĲ񡢷±һ⶯Ҫ
󶯸ɸ꣬С۾绰
ͷڼʩӽȥͦæģм¶
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˫ðɫ˵ÿŮ˅ȣȴǸҶһƬ飬㲻Сȴ㣬治ġ
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׵ļԲԲӣϸ֫ĴȣһԺëټĳۣǶ˵Ů˅ȣ
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ʩӽֻƨ۵ģú衣
ԽԽأʵ˰ɣ˷˰ɣ
ʩӽüгŤεģһ˷ܸжûС
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ֻӫĻдһһëѨ鶯ţŮ˵



18 𺣳¥Ϸ

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ҵˣҪˣҪˡҪȥʱһ԰һӣѪģߡѣ֮Уǿתû˭ְ˼ӡ;ͱһǣ۵ε
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ķļֹͣ



19 

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Ҷﳤɵ𣬴ӷɿضСײ죬ײʩӾֻӻһҡģѩֻ棬ֹϱСͷǰעĿźù񫡣
ҶﳤһһذţǼѨӣΪ˵
룬ôӴм󣬺ʩӾһȣ³Ҳͦõġ
ΪˣŮ˵ĶҲͨ˲ͬͨ˲Ѩûʲôơ˲ͬÿһ£һɾ磬š
ʩӾԸоһɹɷ͵ذѳߡֹˣÿһβѨһɴݿݷҪСѨƵġ
ַʩӾоеۣƺͷɵġۺγһ֮أ
Ѩ۸֫ǣʹһټ˴֣ʹʩӾоһŰı֮СǣĺĽҲƽɧһЩ
ÿһأӳ鵽Ѩڣһֺ޵ġһƣһֽȥˣʩӾİѽѽУһˮڶγһС̶



20 ˾ΰȺ

һغϺ󣬰
ҶﳤڴſʩӾϡʩӾ򽿴۱ţζŽ֮֡һָֻž˵ͷ
ǳģͷ⡣
оô
һκöˣûôˡ
ԺɲҪɾ˵ӣǶô󣬻Ūҵġ
ҶﳤЦĶﰡ
СˣҲˡ
ûеήˣѨ裬Ů˵ĺô
ʩӾʱһСѨҶﳤоӱ˼Уĸо
һɡ̫ˡ
ҲҪ뿪ҡ
˵ֱ۹ӣһ֮⣬ֱʹģȴ̡Ůˣޣʤʢõ塣˫ˮģоÿһͷúܡ
ʹѹǽսʹĳ̶ȶˡĪ鰮
Ҷﳤ̧ͷ򻷾¥ߣӦ¥
Χǵ㣬ҹɫޱߡһ΢紵ţһ㶼䡣
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ԭΪ˶һһ⣬ڶŮˣ벻Ҳ
Ҳؽ黳²Ǹӵġ
ǰпģһӾͱˡ
Ҳ˵ȥ¶վҪȥҲס㻹Ƕ࿴죬࿴δɡ
õģġҷһҳҲˡǺǻʷˡԺһúùӣͷϡ
ʩӾ˵࣬ͶͬŮҶﳤȺģпǧԼг
㻹βܺã
ΰɡ
ôࡣ±߻еأôࡣ
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ʩӾ˵ҲҪ̣Ҫ㶼Ůˡɣϱߡ
Ȳ㣬첲ҲУҲ۵ġ
û¶ġҿɲĻݡҿڴгġ
ЪЪɡ
ءŸɰɡ
ҶﳤֻôӦһӳȵһƿһ
ʩӾһӣµĶô󣬺ԲԲġ
תӣʹСѨ¹⡣ˮ£һƬ˳Ѩġӳ¹⣬ҲģһŮͼ
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ҹɫ£¥ϣεͷϣһŮ˳ܡ
Ҷﳤ˵ĺ۾Ƿ֮ؿȥӳˮ۵Ĵȣ绨ףͻǴλˮܣ˵ȵĿ£һһģĺëƺҲڷţѨµľջнһһϵģҲ顣
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ҲȡСѨڶһץһץģץе
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ʩӾ˵ŻڶתԲΣôѨ䶯š
ĺ촽ſѡţż˵ĺߺߡ۲[עɵԭһſɲڴʱȴӢͿˡ
ҶﳤҲĿӣĻŭţ޳죬ĽھɡʱŮ˲ġ
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ʩӾԡ¹ôࡣŤڵ壬ƺڰ¹⣬¹⡣
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ʩӾèдذУԽԽˡϲ㡣
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¹̰ͷ˽Ĳλ
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ĸ˼˻涼ͦһ˽֮֡
Ҷﳤûмڲ룬ɧСѨһҲĥš
ڻ΢ƨšץţԼָͻ¡ָãԼѣ۵Ӥļ
ⷬŮ˺߽гŤǸСѨҲ֮仯״ѨʱʱԲģƮɧζ
ʩӾת˿ɧǵеٽ㣬Ҫˡ
Ҷﳤֹܵ˵㣬ˡ
һ죬ӲȥˣһͦѾ嵽ˣŮ˽ֱеˣоѾ崩ˣˡ
ġ
Ҷﳤƨʶظɵ÷쪣žžɵŮ˵ֻһζţɷ׳ۡ
ţֱǺİƨĴʩӾ۵ýһģֳ˼µĿ֡
ŰƵܼȵļӴŰƨɺܿ㲼ָӡĿģʩӾȴֵӸһ񶶣ֱҪĴӡ
ˣˣҪˡʩӾҡƨɣСѨͼţ˿ǻȻ
Ǿһðɡ
Ҷﳤٶᵽ죬˫ƨĻţƵġ
ʩӾһĳУСѨ糰ˡ
ֵ֧Ųסӣǰһˣſȥ
ҶﳤЩһ岻ѣܿ㷢ˡ
ʩӾеҪˣҪˡⶫ˅ȡ
عͷҶﳤˮȴЦţ¹˵



ƪ

һתۣ鵽˵߼ллҵ֧֣һ·
һ̹˵൱ףġ
һԭǶдʵ࣬һ·ķ̣ܶΪҵΪǣƣҶĲǺܸȤڵıòһ˳ȥʵ֮ڣǿͱƷı䡣
ڶĴɶʮµķ´ٺɿ޿׫дԭΪ̫ѣһδơ̳ĿͻȺϢңľ֣ǰڵķܶȼͣΪ˻гͬд߽зǳҪ󣬴ӵ弯ʼеԭ飬˳׵ķɱ
ʵΥҵһֱΪķ޸£ÿ߶سʣӦЩ䷢չܵõٻŵʢֻһĻ԰ΪгҲϰߴȥĸ壬ɱĴʡ
ѹҪ۵ģΪ˰ڹڣһ½ڴٱԽдԽϸ˵߼ʮµķ´дһ֣ȫĲŲ֣дһ࣬Ѿ߻ħˡְ߰ţҲƣҪҾãִģ
һʼһ׫д½ڴգҲٹɷӣ
ϣܸһЩ֧µ顣
ķ޸£ϲϲǸɣǿǿˣջǿסԣԵɣ
ףҺá
Ū



08



01 ¹Ů

žҹ΢졣ΧĽֵ˳ˡеĽĬʱ䣬ڴΡԶĵƻڹ¶š
ϵ£Բ̡ˮһԣ˵áÿһҫ˼䡣ǧ򻧣Ҳ¥ϻŮ
Ϊ޺ҶﳤʩӽھһǹֵĲѴƼɵĸ߳߷廬䡣һ𣬲Ϸ롣
ʩӽ۵Ľ˾޴ĳϣĿ
˵Ŀͷ⣬м롣˭ʩӽСѨľްԡʵϲˣõ˳ļ֡
˵Ƕƿӣʱǧ࣬ʹʩӽ˲ٿͷһȥˣϰˣҲͻΪˡжٿ࣬ж֡
Ĵһζ԰ϣʩӽۣſ⼡ĺϣſӢۻһ泩ͽԼˡ
Ҷﳤս㡣ҹ紵ͷԽѡһ߸ŮѨİ֮һתͷŴ
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ʩ㣬ǵˡ˵죬ҶﳤⲻǴԼġ
治ߡʩӽû̧ͷطĿԺֻ߽΢ŤʹƨתתСѨһ¡
̫ˣ㶳ġҶﳤĴƨ۵񼦵޻гĵԣϻˣҪ촦ǡ
Щеûģ˵һ졣Լˡһϧһϧ㣬ʧȥ㡣ºͶִŮԵ顣
ȥɣʩ㡣Ҹů͵ĵطһкö໰˵
ҲкöҪʵġǸĺõطʺ졣
ʩӽĿ̧ǣ˿ڣʹüͷһϮɪɪָֻӡ߰ߵİӲֲ㻬ӳ¹⣬Ĺϱߵѻˣʹ˱֮
Ҷﳤûʩӽֱһʢĺκͽޣֻۡһֱʹʹüҧʹ֮һЩ
ֻһѨӵ¹⣬ǴԺëմ˽ˮһһšſСѨΪһԲûмʱָԭ״ɫͣˮġȷֱԲ󣬽
ڲ໹ˮɺԵĺۼǷǡ
΢˿ƣסİһãԳַ顣
ҶﳤޣʩκһλŮǡ
һŵأ͵վ
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ʹʩӽ˱ۣڰϸ˸һˮָڱţͷɾˮôϣô棬·ҺƵġ
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ֻҶﳤûʱ価ˡþȥٲȥҩˣֻ¥ѡ
ǣҶﳤҸ¼ɫУһ㣬һһˡʩӽֻоӿļ︡һ㡣һͷ̲סЦ
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ҶﳤͷһԼҲЦԼСֵܣȻսʱ䣬ԱһΣԼĶ£ӿУһһ䣬һһҡʾƢ
٣
ҶﳤЦ˼·һһ缲磬ߵľﵹ˺͵ĿԽԽˡ
ʩӽʱʱš첲ʱ±ߵĴȡţмǸֵĴ鳣һͷҪһһ߸ԼĻǸʲôζ
˵ڶǶԼѨҲ֮˵ȫѪҺ񾭶嶯ôĸоҲڲͬɣ
뵽Ѩһ˷ܣʵϣСѨѾʺսˡղŵսʹܵһˡ
ʩӽ緢ĺ˵Ҫ֪ͷһᳰЦҵɣܸ
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ʩӽҪİ칫һǵӰԺһǽгߣС¥סأҲһ
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ѣʩӽ׷ӣȥ˼Ҹ߼ݾסûҵڶϲ֮ǰǲٹӵġ˱ݣڰ칫¥ﻹиʱ䡣ÿرæʱرʱرȥʱסڰ칫ҡ
һԿײ¶¥ݵĽ䡣ڣ˾Կ׽칫¥ġ
ңôƣһƬѩÿһװ׵ġ
Ҳ󣬳һһһһΣûʲôˡ
ǿɫģмһȭͷС͸ģſͼһĵ˴ϱβɫֻһһӡ
ʩӽűӣ˵ôСͷͱӣô˯ôӣֱ̾һ
ʩӽһͷʧɫһӦһأһڶֶˣصֻûλ۵ֱšüˡ
Ͻ򿪹ӣһ˯ϣԼⱻİռ˱ˡ
ԭʩӽŵģѾǾ˰һʶˡĸߴ󣬼Ĺģһ㡢εһ˵ӡ˰ﰡ
ҶﳤʩӽЩӦô¶
ҩЧȥ󣬾˲ˣ֡Ҷﳤٰ簢ˡȻѾûʲôֵϾͱʲôˡ
ҶﳤָԼĿĶ䣬һ˧硣ǵҶﳤãòһģҲ
·ʩӽˡ
ʩӽʵ˭ô¶˵
Ҷﳤּ׵ľ룬˸аȫС



02 ɨ

Ҷﳤ¶Цݣ˵ʩ㣬һİﰡ
ʩӽϤİԻͣ˵˵ף˾ùֵֹġʱýһ˰ɣ
ҶﳤӣŮ˵ע£еΡںʱûʲôףɴʱӦˡ
ʩ㣬ҲҼ·ɡ
ʩӽȫģһΣࡢȳƣͭɫһ飬ȥǿӡʱǶʵˣֻ˯ŵС񣬱ȾʱûȡԱȣһһС滬Ц
򿪹ӣԼһɡȫŮ·
еĴͺá
Ҷﳤӹһصĳ˯£ûʲôͼûԵԱֻ֣֮Щ٣ûġ
˵ɡ
ʩӽȷ˰еķߣԼڴϡ
ҶﳤҲֻһ˵Ŀȡ
ұҶﳤʩ˵𣿡
ġ˵ԣСҹӰ˵ԣͶСҹǶͷ
ҶﳤɫǶĶӡ
ʩӽһ־죬֣ǺڵͷӵĶӰ
ûӣһϴˡ
⵹ܹġϾĳѡ񡣡ʩӽ˶٣Ȼʲô˵ǳǺҰɣʩӽ¶٩֮ɫ
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ְĴүʩӽһ¡
ҺԭġүһҲûйүӡ
ôΪĶӣǴ԰ļֱ񣬵ñĸα
Ҷﳤֱҡͷ˵е¶ҴСͱ͵»ţҰһҵϣӲȥҡҶʲôӡһˡĺ飬أǹһűĺӱֵıģİģ꺮ůģòζ
˵ҶﳤˣȦӶ£ǶˡԼöѣԲס磬ѹ
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Ҷﳤ˶˵ҶʱҾͺˣ޲군˶̡
ٲãҲֵĹ˾
˺ö꣬ҲûеǣҾ룬ԺҪ󣬰ɵŪ˭׵šʹһʱʹһӡҶﳤüŭĿһࡣ˵Բˣ硣
ֺοأǵǸʲôⲻġ
Ұֲˣ֪ʱʧȥ˱Ķҵļƻֻ޸ˣΪ֣ΪáȻûеõе飬Ǿҵʧɡ
ǻʲô͸ġŶˣΪʲôͶСҹˮˡǶ뵱ˡ
ǰһɽݶҲöҲԸ⿴ġ
СҹҲʲôöǸʰ˵ףҲ㰡ҪǶ֪϶ܡ
ҲΡɼȻѾˣܲܰ;ϰɡ½أҾͳɹˡ
ʩӽЦ[[˵ѹôţб
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Ҷﳤοʲôͬһˡ
ʩӽʵԺ󲻻ٱɣ
ˣԺֻҶﳤˡ
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ҶﳤһЦȻ˵ҵû˿ԸȵġٺãҲҪֻҪһ
ʩӽˣϴãҶﳤϣ޹ǡ
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ҵȻԸˡʩӽһĳǻصʱŮ
һȫġĺû飬֣ҵ߷ڣȫİΪҸˡ
⻰ϸ渶ˣһŮ˻ͷ黳˭˶ܸжҶﳤҲ⣬΢Цŵͷȴθвȥ
ڸˤͷ԰ѾˠԼʲôİ顣뵱꣬ܿʸڷε氮ΪǮ۶գԿüͷһ¡ΪܿǴԼСҲԥ
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Ҷﳤͷ˵һֱоȥҩĸáҪʱᡣ
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Ҷﳤٶܵж˵ġԺҲҩġ
ʩӽΪңҲñذ
Ҷﳤ΢Цǰͷϡ
ʩӽһĿܰҸʱ̡
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Ҷﳤ֣˵Ȱһӡ˲١
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Ҫˣ˼±߻أˡǸ˵⣬ֱ˳ġ
ǰģһֱϲġ
Ӳ˰ô죿
Ȼˮˡ
Ҷﳤ˵ַˡ



03 ǧһ

ԶСҹԣע˸߲ҵһ죬ֵôһ졣ֻҪ̻һǩ֣ɹһˡٰƽʩӽɺγˡ
죬ĴһЩı䣬Գرӡ
ų£ǴرģһŭĿͷ˸ʵظ䶯š¶һԲԲĿɰС꣬Բ±Ƕ̿㣬̵ٶˡǶƤѥڶ̿Ƥѥ֮䣬ȣ͹ģۡϵķǴĿġ
ټڴĮ飬˭عؾηмӡ
Ҫ˵ƽʲôͬºͶ̿㣬ƤѥɺɫΪɫɫصġģɫ顢ϲġ
СҹǩԼгһƽ߿¡ɾԭһĵط
Ϊ˰ȫ룬żʮֳֹ¶ͬʱרר̻ǰ˵أȷһ·ƽҫ£һ̻³Լı½ݣСҹѵõ¶ʤЦݡ
Լܾλϵķ⣬ǲŽ⣬档ߣԼ̨ĵһ죬ҪϴǸðƻͬɨ֡뵽ǱӴܵӣϵЦݸŨˡ
˰ɣСҹʵ
ˡ˴
Сҹһ
ƽ죬ƮǷվУӵһЩŷÿһϸȲƽ
˵ִʱСҹһݹ
֪Ҫʱ̵ˣҪʱ·һͣʩӽԼպʮԱˡ
ҶﳤΪ˽Ĵ£ֱˡ
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ʲôôСҹ[ۣһıġ
ǴϰҶﳤףģףɹԶˡҶﳤûһŭЦǺǵģѼ档
Сҹһʩӽ
ʩǸǩԼˣҲš
ʩӽһЦûг
ۿۣûչʾԼĺˡΪһ첲ֵڲϣ·ʱڵģǾ˼ˡǾ״̬ѣ⣬·ʲôϲƵġ
մŴīһԲʷ¶첲׳ʵǽ׵ĴҶﳤʩӽһվɽһΰء
պߵĵҲӣ־ϴη
СҹɨһˣȥҶﳤˡæţûӴǡ
Ҷﳤƽſڿ˵һЩ̻Һʶһ鲻ؾҪǨˣԺɲ׼ˡ
Сҹһҡͷ˵˰ɡ˼ƨˡ˼ң˼һ𣿡
Ҷﳤŵ˵Ȼᡣ
Сҹƽһȵߡҵ޶ȵġ
ҲĦȭƵģСеߣߡƺƴ쳹ء
Ҷﳤʩӽˣɫ
еˣˡ
ߵĵҲͬУˣˡǿд͸
СҹЦǲߣɡҿɵðˡϰ칦磬һҪ
ҶﳤؾҲء
ȶСҹĻֻǽ˽еǰˡ

ѽ
һһȺƹСҹǽҶﳤǰΪ׵ǺʵϰĻƷϰ塣ϰסҶﳤ֣˵ڻˡ
ϰסҶﳤһֻ֣ʹҡ˵ܣûǰ
Ҷﳤһе˵ദʱ䲻ҵԼֵܣˣôء
ߵ̻ҲǰҶﳤһһ֣ѣöСҹӱӰǶɢˡ
ʩӽЩ˶Ҷﳤôȣû˴ԼпԼദô꣬û˵Լദû죬ôĸ顣ûȥ
ˣ̻ߵԱ졢кһüЦģԲ
Сҹľģҹζ࣬λϰ壬鲻żȰ¶ҲٰȺµݸɫ˹һһشߴ̻ݣϽǩ֡
Щ̻ҶﳤǻûȺأԸݣ϶ʾ
ϰҶﳤ˵Щˣ뿪Ժ󣬻һӣ⣬Ǹǵòã
ϰҲ˵ǴδǻְıҪ㡣
̻ҲµҪ㣬
ЩҶﳤΪ𶯣ֻһɹůһӿʹȫ
ãҴӦǡԺǱӻһ𡣡
ððЩ̵껶׶ϲء
Сҹһ벻ڽôܻӭٿЩԱҲ̻ǵӵ£˼֮ɫеĳ˳е⣬еҧҧ촽
Сҹ˵ɲаȥˡ
ǣλϰݰɡ
Щ̿ʼȰ˵̻ģҶﳤͷ
Ҷﳤʱˣ˵ϰ壬ϰ壬ǲҪͶСҹǩԼǲǺˡ
ȴһʯˮǧˡ
Щϰһ漴ĿͶСҹһơ
СҹĿ߳㲻Ҫ˵˵ôǺˣ
ҶﳤЦѹգɱ˷Ż𣬸ɾ˻¶˵βǨɣþֱֶΣô͵ļ۸Ǩǻ𣿶ԵЩǨ𣿡ֵָСҹˣǱһȺ
Сҹָ̧֣ҶﳤıӣеƨЩ̻Ѿ֮ɫ
ʱʩӽ˵ˡ
λϰ壬ǺͶСҹǩԼҲûõġڽҵĵزռ֮һǷɢġֻҪҲǩ֣ǾͲ˷ӡǲ˷ӣͿˣǾòǮ
Щ̻ɫ䣬дʺš
ôãô죿
Сҹ̻ǣ󺰵λϰ壬ǲҪϹ˵ǲǮҲûиǵͼۡҶСҹǵġұ֤ǩԼõǮ
ЩҲźУǵģϴġŭݣȭҧģǳǰҰޡ
Ҷﳤ̻ǻӻ֣˵λϰ壬ҪŵùҵĻǸҰǩ֡ҸǸǮΪǵµ棬ṩһıǾô
ʩӽ˵Ǹǩ֣ҲǩһͬǮһ뿪ء
ϰҲٿͬˣһ֣Ҹǩ
ϰҲ󣬽еҲǩ
ţ̻֣Ľ
ĳ棬СҹչֲҪը˷Ρ



04 һǬ

СҹŬԼһָ߾٣Щ̻ǣкλϰ壬˵ҵģֻẦ㡣Ǳǵġ
ϰͷǲŰ˭ģߵЩһ塣
Сҹǿ˵ǨǹϵһӵĴ¶ǿɲ㱻˸ˣ˻˵ĵͽǩԼɡǩ궼á
ϰеﲻǻˣǻšһеǣǡ
ʱ˫ţҩζŨһǶСҹǰƶӵ۵ģһǽǣȻվҲһҶﳤʩӽƽνƵᡣ
Сҹڶ̻ŬԱȾеĴﵽȶĿġЩ̻βСҹһס
Сҹˣùָ̻ǣЩһôԶأ˵˸ǩԼֱˡǻţҪҪ
ϰ巴СҹǩԼǱƵģ˸ҸԱ˭Ҳͬ⣬ŵģǰˣǷŻ𶯵ӵġаǲˡ
ϰһȭͷеԣԣǲˡ
Ҳµаɸƨ
Сҹˣʵ޿̣ĿⶢҶﳤϣʺӣƻ˹̵ĺ¶ҽûꡣ
ҶﳤٺһЦ˫һ̯޹˵ǲǩɸ޹ءСҹˡϣҰ칦磬һҪ
Сҹһҧŭģ浱ءǣ
Щ˵ˮӿ
Ҷﳤʩӽ§ˡŵǾӭȥˡ
صгΪս˫ˡһʱ䣬ɱһƬ֪ԶȵӰﻹ֡
гϵС͹˿˭°ϽԶԶģ꼰㡣͵ʹǲߣΪȫĵشѿϷ
˫ͷҲڿϷ
ҶﳤʩӽսȦ⿴СҹǽǰһƵƴ棬üţǿܣ嶯ֻĿ⣬˼Ѫһ㡣
ڽĴս˳׼ġ˾ĺ֣ˡ֪Щ⣬Ҫ˺սȡʤıٶ࣬ҲʮˣܹʮšҪ֪ûܲסȺǡ
ֲеǻ¶ġΧһûжƣԿķԼ˶ࡣ
˵ˣǿһӺһǺųȭ˷һɨĺǶ˺ж֡ɽϿˡ
һǰһ󣬲Žմ򡣶˿ɲ֣ܹͨѵġ
˫磬͹̣˫רֻ̡Ҫһȭ߰һţҲܵġǽȭӰ֮Уȥ磬ƵƵÿһжƵö˲УǱУҪôˡ
˾ù£żһۣ⡣
ͬʱУ빥աһȭһԽ¶ģƴˣҲҪһӡ
ֻͷһᣬȭͷ߿աո첲һգڱӵСϡһС۶ˡҧûг
ͬʱڽյϣߵýʵʵһüҲû͵һȭӴһüԶؿڣֱعҲˡ
۴඼࣬Աߵĵ˷͹һȭһŵģ޲ţʧȥս
Сҹһд󼱣еǵʲôһ
һЩܽȥٳʱѾÿˡȻǸͬˡ
˹֣Сҹ˾԰˿Źݴžžžžģ˰򡣿Ƕս
һųǱߺһ䣺С۾
Ǳ˴ӦһٿСʱһѰˣϴһЩ̬
С۾ҲǺҪӵˣͬĬĬظĻеⲻȥ
ﶼ˰ʱСҹǱߣ·硣ǽգӣ˽𹿰䣬׺ޱȡؿ޵Ŀˡ
СҹԽԽԽԽŭתԱߵҶﳤʩӽԽҲԿء˵Сӻҵĺ¶Ҫѵ
ͷһиСܵ˫ڹ
Сҹֹ֣ȥһɽҶﳤǣű˵Х
ʩӽѵСġ
Ҷﳤ§ʩӽԱ߼ӰǶǰһɱ
СҹĿϰݣ磬ɨˣҪö˽ҽԺ
ڹϣҶﳤҲ˲ʲôˡǹӽʱسȥץҪץסֹǶöϡ
ʩӽˣĵذһ
СҹЦһһʹӳһֱߣֱͱҶﳤࡣҪָҪ
пǣ˷ӦĻᡣ
Ҷﳤһ㶣۳ӹⶡСҹЩ£Լָԭ壬治֡
ʩӽ̧˱ۣҪʱֻСҹ˽еס֡ȴǽСҹĺԡ
ڡΧκԡ֮ǳЧ
СҹΣֻԱȥӵһ
Թأʵͷû°ɡ
ҶﳤЦЦ˵û¶գʮ˰ͨ
˵ҲУ˵ġ
ˣվڶ߹۵
ֻӵ˸ɱöԷڽڰˡʱе˲ҽŵڵϣеͷѪеĵϴеһұģе¿ĥһת
С۾֪ʱվյߣúãúðȫڹһȥ
ʩӽС۾˵ӣȥˮɡ
С۾Цʩܣûжˡ
ǱߵĶСҹԼ˵µԽԽ࣬һˣͣɡ
Ҷﳤþգһͷ
һ֣˵ɡ
ЩԱʱ֣ͣ˵ͬ飬ˡ
ٿСҹǱߣվһ룬һ롣û˵ĸæȥߡ
СҹĿԼɨҶﳤǰӹӿ죬ϵͷɶˡ
Сҹҧӱʮ겻ǳɡ
ЩӦš
֮ʱСҹ߽Ҷﳤʩӽ˵ʩܣҲò˵ܿడ
ʩӽֱСҹʵʲôģ
СҹǺЦ˪˵ʩܵһιѸҪڶˡ˵㲻𣿡
ʩӽҶﳤһУ˵ӦҪͷϵġţ
ҶﳤĿԣ¶ĵ΢Ц
СҹߵҶСҹˡУСɽˣһšȥǸðƻҵģһõֵġ¿ơ
Ŀڶ˵Ƴ˦һ˫ڹ󲽶ȥ
ϸŤ£̿㹿ýԲԲƨɣнתţγ˵Ĳˡȼʵϵİһһģ˶Ŀ
ֻӵѣҲӿǸͷҪСҹǾǿģǿģĿĻ档



05 ٱ

ǿȥ̻ȸԾ󣬴ްıӺģӢ˵áԺٺͰҲһٶʮġ
Ҷﳤʩӽһۣеһʯͷˣ϶¶ʤЦݡ
հҽԺΣɨսгָתʹúؾҪµһҳĩҲҪŹâ
Ҷʩ̻죬̸ǩˡҶﳤȴͰЭǩˡǶ԰޲ŷûʲô顣
磬ҶﳤȡһЭ飬ϰǹۿϰǿˣЭдúÿƽ׶۶١ԱȣȷʵȶСҹĳ۸߲١
һϲģȻǩ
ǩʩӽûǩ˼ʵֲᶶ
Ҷﳤȥʵʩ㣬ôˣ
ʩӽƣ˵뱲ӣҪĵطǽˡ̫ĺˮ̫Ѫ̫ˡ뵱Ҹ˳ʱСһǿлģԼĺһ쳤ͻȻҪˣҲˣܲζ˵˵Ŀиһ⣬ǿ̣䣬Ʋɵ
Ҷﳤһַļϣοܻߵܻߡ۷ʲôüȥ㱣֤µĿ϶Ⱦɵĸá
ʩӽ̧ͷ˿ӯӯ͸һ˿Ц⣬ģа
Ҷﳤ˵֮Уٶ¡ƣĩһ̾Ϣѡ
ϣ˫ЦͬڡѹϵɽƿˣһǰδеʸС
ҶﳤǩõЭ齻գ˾
£̻ǡҶﳤ洺˵ϣҪףʢ£֪λϰٲ
ϰЦľƣұҪȵġ
ϰüҽбҪ̸ͦҪǰľƸҪ֪ͨڰɡ
µ̻Ҳʾһٶ¶ҪƵʢǺѵõġسΪʷôԲɲˡ
ʱ䡢ص㣬λϰһһȥȫǴЦݡˣÿ·ƮƮġ
ֻʣҶʩˡҶﳤڲס˷ܣ۹ģ˫ֻ˵㣬Ҷġֱһ
ʩӽͷҲΡס˺öļҾҪҷˡߵſڣӰԺա
Ҷﳤǰḧ񱳣˵ɵĲȥµĲҪϲĻλãؿһҵӰԺġ
ʩӽҶﳤıĿ˵ƴЩ꣬ҸоеˡصöЪһʱ䡣
֧Ԯ㡣ЪЪá
һùϲ㣬ܿҪΪϴˡ
һ뵽¶е㲻Ӧ
÷㶡СҹǣǲưոݵġǶСҹλãô
һСĵģҲ뷨Ӹ󻼡Ҳڸ֮С
Ҷﳤ£ԼĶУĳѪڣж֮⡣
ʩӽĿ˵ԱԼΪһӻǡ
Ҷﳤһ˵㣬϶ɡ
ʩӽҡͷҲȥˡ
Ϊʲô
ˣ˺ȾơߣҸЩ̻Ĺϵˣ޲ܲΪңеζϰɡĻ㲻
ҶﳤһҲǣҲͲˡ
磬ҶﳤصҽԺȥġ塣
ƿ칫ҵţĲڣ˯
Ҷﳤ磬ûзӦֻĶ߱ըƵغһۣʱ˺Ц
Դ尦һ˵ҪҶˡ
Ҷﳤڰ칫ﻷһ£ʵĸأ
شȥҪǮˡ
ҪʲôǮ
˸˵и˾¥ʼǧ򲻻⻹Ǵڵʱ¶⼸꣬ҺҪ˶ˣҪءȥˣûнҪˣûôڹ
塢ǧܶ𣿡
ǧǰҲǡˣֵܣܹһʲô°ɣ
գ̶ۣҶﳤϲûдʹ˿»¶
Ҷﳤ߽壬˵磬Ұѽˡ
գʱЦɲûԤеĻкԾ
ҿҪϲֵˡﻮôãǳɹˡֵͣ
ҶﳤӿݵЩ֣˵ѶþƵ꣬ЩͻĸҲȥɡ
վ[ЦǺ£Ȼףˡһ֪ͨһȥġֵĵһʤ̰
ǺáҾ͵ˡף磬ҿľͷ̫㰡ôˣ
ȷʵ㲣һŻֽ
͵Ԫ˰ͺһͨȶˣԵǵǵȥǡɼǲˡ
Ҷﳤգ¶ͬЦݣ˵簡ɫǹιǸֵɱŮ˰Ĺⶼθɾˡ
ģ粻Ů˶Ƥϵġ
ˡ
Ҿٲ[һ
ӣͷһͣӺ󷢳
ҶﳤԽԽķӦ졣˵½أһ¶ҲһֱԼʹԸóˣ˷ܶȲЦҲǿʲôԭ
ڽԼǰֻǴӭҶﳤ۾һ
Ǵŷɫñӣŷɫʿȹ¶ŰỬСȡ£ĵĴ۾һ崿ʥࡣ
ü΢һŵƿӣҴҶ紵Ǹĸ˵ʱŮοഺŮء
ҶﳤͣԼǰ࿴ۡ
ǴҶﳤǰʱӷ¶òԵЦ˵á
ҶﳤͷӦãá
ӹǴҶﳤһ˵ıӰ
ݣƺǴϵšЦݣˣ̲ס̾ϢͬɽȪĹﱻеĺˮȾˡ
£ǧ橱ƿŽˣŸ֣ףҹ顣
ղʲôҪ˵𣿡
˹¿֣¶ϴůů΢Ц
Ҷﳤ˳˵ص¶㶨ˡ
ǧ橵һͷϵЦŨˡ
ϲˡ
ϣͣȥȥ
ǧҡͷúһ°ɡҾͲȥˡ
ûæ𣿡
ǧ橻شиŮ˵Ƥûšͷ
ӻ֣ǧ橳ȥˡ
ҶﳤһҲǣֳǲȤġ



06 ҹ¥ݴŨ

ϣڸûʵĴｻҡ
ôӣôˣôףô顣Ǵġÿ˵鶼ޱ泩·ϸûпƵġ
̻Ǻţ׼ʱϯ˷һУȰľơ˦ˣͰ̸ġΪ˺飬Ȼ
ҶﳤʹҺȵʹ죬ʱ׿˹£ֻ֡عǽ֮⡣þûôˡ
ĺһͬġȵֱҶﳤһ˷ܣʱš򾲾ģֻһˮһ˿еľġ
Ҷﳤյǰ£ʵĸ磬ôˣ̫ͷ
ĵ˵û¶
廰ûҪǮķɡ
Ҷﳤʵǰ˵Ǳծ𣿡
һھƣ촽оˮζζ˵϶ˡ
⵽ô¶
ſ죬Ҫ˵ʲôİһ˵ǰ£ûϵġ
Ҷﳤĵ˫۾˵ĸ磬ԼˡҪǾܰæ˵ŽȥҲǮǾԡ¶׺֮
İڰ֣˵ʱ㡣
ִЦֵܣԺҸĵýܾˡԺʹˡɱСЬ
Ҷﳤһ֣˵磬ɡҾǻٺãٸߣҲҵĴ硣
ĳҶﳤһۣ˵ߴʤš
ҶﳤˣһôҪʱ̻ƣֻøȥˣﻹĥʲô˼š
ҶﳤӦϣתʱĲˡ
͵ˣ鲻á
ҶﳤĵıĻ˵磬ĸ絽˵ʲô
Դ̾Ϣֵܣ²Ͽô򵥡ˮ̫ˡ
ҶﳤúͿһץ壬˵װסǽǿľƻᣬ̸Щ
ӣײȾʱԥظһڣʼջ֮ȥ
ȵšʮӣƻɢˡҶﳤʹ֣⣬˵˺ö˰ͻؼҡ
ȵֻʣǶʱ忻ݵ¶Цݣ⡣
磬ЦôѵʲôĿ𣿡
ֿЦֵܣһõط»ˣüţϰ׵øչͷƵģ۵øСƵġߣҳζɣζ
Ҷﳤ¶ĵЦݣ˵Ԫˣս𣿡
һظȻǽղ֮˵Ҷﳤϳˡ
ڵҹҶﳤŻصҽԺֻþӿȷ˯
ֵƺ̵Ҳ˶䰡ֻҪᣬĸ˲Ըӡ
ҽԺʱΧĵġҽԺ¥ľ˯ˡùصĵƶˣߵ˶ˡ˼žҽԺҲˡ
Ӷ¥ߣϵ¥¥ʱϱж
ôôˣŮеϤƺ졣
㡣һ
ֵҹ࣬ûմ㡣
ˡ
Ѿˣˡ
ҴԶôҰ
㻹ô
ҵͷɡЦš
еģ˿Ůżˡ
˯ˡ
Ϣߺ
ҶﳤĺĴ𣬷ᲽӣŵĿת䴦̧ͷһƣֻһ¥ϣڽӽ̨׽˾һ
˵ĴֻŮĿǽϣʿñˣĿ[̱ǺŤߣһ崿֬һ糺춯ˡ
ҶﳤŮӵһ۵ĸоԭŮӲǱˣλɽȪСʿǴ
˵˼ǴҲã߸žžҲã޹أÿһ뵽ЩͲ·ԼŮ˱˸ɣƵġ
˿̣ëֵϴͣȥʹëȻߡ
ǴͰһŷɫĻʿȹʱͰ͵ġ
մ˺Щˮĺڱҡһ󣬻ǰƿˡ
ˣˣҵûֵˡǴϢ¡һ߶ȵظһһģѣ
ʲôˣҼͶûȫӲš
ôһϰ࣬˵ˣϰʱҡ
Уҷǵð㰮ߡ
ëֱסǴҿһͷҰֻɫڽŰظഺӵá
Ҷﳤؿëһֻ͵ظһһǻ
Щ۾ɴˣֲȭͷ
Ǳߵľڼ
ëͷǴϣǴһֱûֹͣƾܣȴңӶֻϺץţץСʿü߽С
Ҫ۵ġ
˵֪Ů˶ϲġ
ëȻʹ㣬ëëŵؽϱ߿⿪ӣߵĺ¶ˡֲСǴϱ¶һְ׻мγһʹë˫ܡ
ԽԽˡ
ûš
ëȲˣһ˺֣һףҶﳤĽ¡Ҷﳤڱһţζģðײ˶ˡ
ûֻ֣ӹԲ׶ѩ缦⡣ۺͷӣһɰˡ
ë۾ôģ̰سпǱϴҼĴˡ
Ǵͨ죬ûأҪˣſҡ˫ۻ@ӣëƿˡ
ģӣĸ˼˲㰡
Ǵķԣëͷһһӣ̵ģתӣʱʱصزŪ
еĻ棬ܰǴ
ѹǽϣƻСԲ̣һһţǴֿܣн૵ͣɣҲҪŤ
ë˿ˮ˵ҷҪͷһͣסһͷһֻһͷ죬һһָֻ¹ȥõָĹģˬˡ
濴ҶﳤﲻζͻëλôСŮӵ˾Լˡ
˼ҿĺҲлϣǴжĲλ
Ǵܵ㰮ٵؽ˫ץŻëͷ߽еġ
ȩ̈ͷմˮ޵ͷָӡݺҧɡбڳɧġ
ɧš
ëһͷӤ̵Ϸ
Сʿҡͷѩ׵ĳȥͷϵñӶˣ¶һͷڷ촽źڴǰͦء
Ů¶ֲ֧Ӳ
ëһֻȥӻʿȹ°̽롣ֻǴһһ𣬴Ǵ̼̫ˡ
ֻëϱߵʳĹ±ߵһֻ첲תƵģҲ֪ڸʲôǴҧ촽Ŭг̲סһͦһͦģǷǡ



07 ʱԧɢ

ëִȹóʱָʪܵģģһ㽺ˮƵġɧζɢУÿòһˡ
ɧˮɾ
ëЦţָͷ͵Ǵߡ
ҲŲء
ƲԳԷƣ
ʹ£ë⿪ԼļͷųˡдĴְָɣǦôͷɫճһ顣
Ǹһһ̵ģˡ
ǴϺȻ㵵óﰡҪ˿ˣǿôá
ûˡ·
ǴǸ͵ļһˣʲôֵǲ
ҵȻҪ㡣Ϊóһ𣿡
УУҲŲءǴҡͷܾ
ëˣ˵ְŪɡϴŲʧ
㲻׼ϴθŪˡ
βˡ
ëǴһֻ֣ԼİϡǴǶȣճװӡ
æµʱһ˫¶ĴҲҡҡƣɷˡ͵ҶﳤҲǿڸ𣬺ˡϣ˫СģԼⰡ
ëǴӣС죬ðһͷ
ǴˣҪŪˡתȥ
ʲôУ
Ҫ䵽ƨϡ
ɲܲȥ
Ϊʲôܰҿѡ
һûǸ׼
ë̾˵Уġ
Ǵֱ¶ı飬ǿҪǳûȥǵĹϵˡ
ˣˣҴӦˡ
ǴתӣǽƨɡǱȹڰƨԲıģǳԸС
ë˫ֲԲƨϸǳ⡣䲻ŮĴ󣬵״
ǴߴٵŪ˰ɡһȥ鷿š
ëЦãһġȴһ¶
ǴȹڣϣŮƨɾͳˡǷġԲģһߵڿ㣬ΪǺɫеδסһƨ׻ġ
ڿӴճӡ±ߵȶֱԲ󡢷飬ûһ׸⡣
ڿ㣬ƨɣһȵطֿꡣԵôأô˼˾ǹ⣬ʶֱĿ
ë˫ȥЦǴƨðһԲһҪǸȥҪǻˣ϶ӵġ
Ǵģ̲סŤ˵ϻˡɡһйš
ʲôôҲнˮ
ëƨץţöᱡ񫣬ϴŻЦǸߣĴϣƨϡСѨҶţǴڶӡ
ǰߵ£ֻƻһӰһҡţóһƶ˵ĹⲨ
ëСѨһѣǴһһ
ˮڿ㶼ŪʪˡɧǴ
ҲŲɧš
ëͷϵˮʼǴĺڿ㡣
ǴŤƨɶͷﰡѡ
ë͵ֱƨϣŪڿġȥ
Ǵԥһ£ѵˡ
ëڿץڱţ۵һпöˮɧҺϲڿʪڣӵϡ
ٿǸƨɣǰѩԲ£࣬ռ˵Ӱӡ
ëƨϿʱҶﳤԱеܲˡ޲óȥ߻ëԼȥζ
ë̫ˣ̫ˡ벻ƨɸһÿšмֲԵúܼ
ֻ־ţֻͬĨһ⻬ֳ˵ԡָĵطָӡ󶹸
ܵɧţǴŤڣ鲨֮ơ
Ȼ󣬻ëֿ⣬Ϳ
𿴣𿴡ûʲôÿġ
Ǵƨɣ
̫̫ˣҪˡë˵ƨɵֶ
Ů˶𣿡
ǿɲһČġ
ܶŮ˵𣿡Ǵ˵ζ
ֻ¼Ӱ
ǱߵҶﳤҲ쳤ӣ۾Ҳ֪ǴŮﳤʲôӡܿ
ȩ̈ͷڹɹĥţëһְסǴƨɣһִѨϴȥ
ǴòԣŤζ
˵ˣвȥ
ûȥ
һӵϣһǹеġ
ʱ±ԣһһ󣬻гصĽŲ
ǴŵһУֱӣؿڣڵϣ̶ֻӡҲ˲ϵϵñӺڿˡ
Ҷﳤëɵվг˳޺ŭǸ¶ļѱˡ
ҶﳤҲûɨһ¥ǴĶ΢ЦȳǴʧķ˳򡣻ëëҲڿɱˡ
ҲûЩҶﳤȥ˰ԧĿС
ԶȥëŭҲģʲô°ÿҪֵʱ򣬶ƻˡƾʲôЩ˵ԲҾͲܲ٣
ƢëϵñӺڿ㣬㬶ȥ



08 ӰԺǰȤ

⼸Ҷﳤǰ˾оǨˡ»ŵǨʹҶﳤһһĳɾ͸С
˵ʩӽæúܣܡҲԼһ첲ÿתƣÿ䶼úϸ
Ҷﳤ˵᲻õĻǾҸһ°ɡԺĻԿһи
ʩӽҡͷˡÿһλš
˲ǨʱڣʩӽÿصһϤĽΪ档ҪԼӰԺʱֱʳѰ
һ磬ֵӰԺ̡ˣʩӽȥ˵һ¶ҶﳤȻҪˡ
շĽأѾʱΧǽȦϣʩԱȫԱҪԱûˡЩ¥ƽһͷһͷѾһ뻯ΪשʯˡЩ䳵ǰװæµ̨ھͬʱצӡһһ䣬úõķݱԫϱڣ֮Ϊʷ
ʩӽӰԺһ¥֮䣬ѾˡϴεĴѾյһ뷿ǣſֻʣ¿ӣǽ嶼ȸڣ·һ˴ؤһѿ
ʩӽߵǰþעлţҲͿɬ
ҶﳤʵǲǺǩˣ
ʩӽĿӰԺϴת˵㲻˵µһùɵʲôúڵģ
Ҷﳤֻ֣˵µӰԺģá
ֳİȫԱǻ֣ʾ뿪ΪòãҪˡ
ʩӽһӣҶﳤߡûнǨķӡҲڲǨ֮У¥ǰվ˼ȫñģ߷ˡ
Ҷﳤʩӽ¥ۿӰԺʷʱ̣ǰȫԱסҺʩӽʶеһ꣬ǽһھӵĶӡϵͿԹȥˡ
ǵÿǱߣҪߵġ֪ΪΣٺеͣĿⲻʩӽ
ĺˣӰԺ꣬Ǿߡ
˿첽ȥ
һС¥ĳһ˾İ칫¥һ¥Ϊ¥Ⱥһ칫ҡһãֻûˡ
¥ѻȸֻ߻еķͽ
ǽ¥ȣӰԺһǰվ濴䳵ȥǰװװʩԱڻָӡеöԽԻŻæµһ¡ﳾһʧǰ
Σʩӽʱüʱ̾Ϣʱͷһתͷ
ӰԺķӵʱʩӽĿز
Ҷﳤ§ڻʩӽĲƺСһ
ͬ˰ӰԺ촽ţͻȻ˵Ҫûˡ
Ҷﳤ§˵ɡ
ʩӽĿ䵽ϣʵôͻȻµģĿʪ֮⣬ƺ͸Цݡ
ڻӵĻǰȥǲǸζ
뷨ˡ
ʩӽְҵȹͿ
һɫ޿СװһɫԲСǰγһ۵ɽ塣±ǲϥԲͲȹӡȹµĴֱֳѩһס
ʩӽָ±ߣ˵㲻±˿𣿡
Ҷﳤƣ治ȫ¥µֻҪһͷͿܿǡմӵĸ߶ȣ俴ڸʲôԿǵ
ʩ㣬˵ܱǲǸд̼𣿡
ʩӽԥҶﳤʩ㣬ƨɣҪ㡣
ʩӽһЦ˵ҪĻҲҪԤȰɡ
ҶﳤӰԺ˵ֻûԤ꣬ķӾͱˡ
ʩӽһƣɲ̨ѾתĴڵ򣬿ܿҪķȥˣĲһһֶ
ɣʩ㣬ˡ
Ӳ𣿡
ʩӽתĿ׼Ŀ¡
ҶﳤһЦ˵ֻҪͲҶ⿪ųһʩӽĿһһ
ǸѾ˷ˣ䲻̾ʱǸģҲܸ¿ˡһߣһҪӡǸͷǳɼϻˮʩӽЦ
˵£ǰһһ̵ضҡͷԵģʾá
ʩӽĵһЦɨһ¥µӰԺ˵˼ţȴͳңǺ÷š̫ˡֵһ°øˣƮһԵζʩӽЦ
Ҷﳤһ¥£˵ǻͣˣǵʱܳ㡣
ʩӽ˿Ȼֹͣˣһָߴǰ˾˵ʲô
Ӳˣ±߻ûʪšɰͰ͵ģôšʩӽͷԼȹӡ
Ҳ׵úܡֻҪԳԻȳһʪġҶﳤ˵ͦʩӽͦͦӡͷʾ
ʩӽԥ˵Ҹ԰ӣߣһʱӰԺˣҲǿһ𣿡
ʲôѵġվڴǰˡ
ʩӽͷҲе
ǣ˰ŴӣŲҶﳤʱߣʩӽҲڳ԰ʱ򣬼ߵı仯
ֻҶﳤѼʩӽͦȥʩӽץסЦҰҧ٣ȣӲ
Ҷﳤֵů˵ˣúúöһܷӸĿ֡
ʩӽ̧ͷ˵ֵӦɡŪ価ˣĴָָ
Ҷﳤоһ˿˿кͿдԣشϢͷһʩӽĳҲŪƮظҲ
ǶȣСµڣÿԿɫ֣¶۵İԼĹȡʩӽŪ£нزţӿҶﳤ̲סʿˮ
һʩӽֱ۲һߵĶ˼͡
ӴһҶﳤ˵㣬ˡ
ʩӽǸһЦ˵ˣﻹбšúðοġʱһסһ𵰵촽һţ̽ڹͷһ¡
Ҷﳤ͵һ촽һоԼĿܵϮ
ʩӽ̧ͷһı飬⣬㲻ڹͷɨֵ֮Ҷﳤһƨһһʵģƨʱգʱɳڣ仯
ʩӽרע£ǹͷˮϴһɾÿ۲鶼ŮоԼ±ҲʪһԾӦĵʢһˡ
ڿûºʩӽͷͷú촽УʹҶﳤõһֿ֡
Ҷﳤ佱㣬Ĺðרˡ
ʩӽû˵ֻñӺߺ˫̧ˣ֮⡣



09 

ھҡҡλεرӰԺȥʱʩӽ³İӣҪʼˡ
ʩӽһתӣǰٸн֮ɫ
ҶﳤͦĴӣ˵ſ£ʩ㡣
ʩӽͷҲص˵ڲҵļҰģ͸ɬ֮⡣
ҵļ;¼Ұ
ҶﳤһӣȹӾ¶ҪĿꡣȹһ𣬱ǹİƨɡƨɽһ¡
㣬Уڿ㶼
żȹӾͳˡ
һΪΪ˷š
أǼһҪˡ
ҶﳤȥֻǻĲʩҵ¥ȥһѵҪͱһ
ҲҪˡ
ɹ̽ȥ
СѨ΢죬ſˮջģֳɫ
ڰӵɧ£ʩӽתԲƨɣʹͷ˻һϡѨŮ˵ĺ쨶ţǻǰ˷ܡš
ʩӽŶһ˵ˡǸצץ¥ϣһգһƬǾͳɴˡ
ʧʱʩӽ̲סһУǰһϡԭһĻʹķĶȫ񾭶ؿˡ
ĴһһģڸƻʹᡣƨɺҲһһģǸ֣ˮ
žžž󣬴Ϣ˽һ¡
ҶﳤƨͬװٵظŮ۳ƨ˵ĲΡƬ촽һһɼŴӣһ̰Ե죬ԵôôȤһ˿˿Ŀˮ
۳ŲѷץˣʩӽеĿʹؽеô߿ôͶ룬ǧһǰһĶš
̫ˣҪɴҰ
㣬еô±𣿡
££˭Ը⿴ͿɡеһŮ˵Ȩ
ʹкˣ˶㱻ٵӡ
⻰ʩӽִ̼ǽڿյ¥صţƷζ޳ϲãʹࡣ
ĽŤСѨͼţȫԸ֮ͣ޲üжɰҶﳤֻˣֻôϣͣشʹֵĿУʹһй֮
Ϊӿ֣ҶﳤſС֣֣һһŪֻӡƻӣСһͣ֬ԾѡͷϲСߡ
ʩӽһ˽ţһ߿̨Լķһûˣ¥ϵǽһڶҳһ
úţҪҌ¶ˣأأͰ
֪ϲ͵İ¥ǸСӻͷˣڿš
ʩӽһĿӲֳյ¥±ߣֻʶǸСͷǸǶȣǿԿģ˵ǰƶˡƾͣһ֪Ϊʲôġ
ʩӽΪĿֱСѨһδʶŲӣҪ㿪ԷѰ
ҶﳤӦʹðӹһֶֻˣͷϣ΢ǰӵĲٸ죬ǸСһλŮɵлһҰҡ
ʩӽоĿԼ۾ˣǶô߳ܰļУСǺܺߺģÿμԼҶ࿴ǵʱֻ͵Ťƨɡ
Сڿţ̫ͷǲǰ㰡
Ҳ֪˵Ӳ󡣡
֪ΪʲôֻСŴ졣ȴֵͷԽ˵˾ʲôȻһӣȥʹʩӽһ
ٿӰԺһ¥֮ϣȫˣдǽ֫һѿ¥䰫ˣ¥Կˡ
һжΪȥʱ
Ҷﳤϸϸĥ˵˾һСʲô˴ġ
ĥˣĥֽŶˡ塣
Ӧôأ
ҡ
ɲҪеôˣǡ
ˣҪԼ
׮һʩӽ˵Ĳٸ£Ťߣϼڱٶȷ˵ĺ߳ҶﳤΪܡ
֪ʱ¥ºӰԺ֮·ϳһŮ΢ضʩӽĵӰԺǶ˲Զ
Ůɫţװ뾱̷߱Ŀѣ촽ֱֺ죬Σǳˡ
վ֪ʲô
ʩӽֻܴӲѨУֻŻҵķӵһƻûעŮҶﳤ¿ġ
һʩӽһӺҪ
㣬ôˣ
ҡ
ʶ𣿡
ȻˣҵСӡ
һҶﳤǸŮ˵λҹͦˮ飬ͦʵġ
ʩӽ˵ȻˣϵѧǸСңûʣ
ݣʲô
ԭϵܺãַˡ
Ҷﳤ˫ָŽ¶ƨϣͱѨϱߵǸСջͬһһһģǿɰ˫Ľϴˮ͹ˣе䵽˵ϣεεġ
ô¶
ʩӽǸŮ˵ҵĹֻӡڼܳģ˴֣ҲϲģҲҵ׵ˡ˺ˣΪҺ磬͸ҶϽˡ
ôԹţ
ʩӽ̾Ϣߵ¶ˣҲ˵ˡ
ԻУӰԺķǰſˣֻʣ¶ǽˡ
ʩӽſţ۾еңʹңҿϷԺĵ߳
Ҷﳤݺݵص˵㲻ǸСӿ𣿡
ʩӽ˵ҲˡˣǸۣҵġô˵ƵŴ⡣
Ǻðһˡ
ҶﳤӳѨڣ͵ضȥ籩ظ˵ĴϢһʩӽ˽崣಻ϣ¥ﳩͨ裬ǿ¥µŮĶҲͷ
ʩӽη̧ͷŮһȦջĿ⡣
һǽʱʩӽĽ
Ҷﳤ˫̴ƨžžžžžž죬ⰼָӡһƬǸӸûس
һȻʱͬʱͬʱһ
ˣˡ
ˬˬ
ǸŮٶ߿ƺʲôΪûתͷ
ʩӽϷԺΪƽأΪѣ뵽ȹЩ꣬ɷһϲŭ֡ϣдɵصؿ
Ҷﳤһ㶣ʵôˣ
ʩӽû˵ҶﳤǰǸճѨİ̽һδεһֱǰӸɾӤһվ
Ҷﳤſڽζմһë
ʩӽûֻ֣ǲˮһЦţʻһ



10 軨Ůƴ

һɫĺͣ£һ˾³æش򿪺ţһЦӡ
ſһ޳ȷ£ĲƵķĿβɱڡһأҲͬη
ڵأһˣ٬¡ǣһ紺£Ǳȴġһ˭࿴һۣ̧Ⱦߵļơ
˾Ҫ˵ʲôŮһ֣ԹԿˡ
˵˾СħŮСҹˡ
ڵλòǶ԰СΧï֣ܵƮľʵƬأ̵ͼһȺȺķϷϸһĲ֮
һСɽϣһƬӳУ¶С¥һǣԲģŷʽ顣
СҹĴغŴȻϢŲһĻϵٶˡ
Сҹߵ㵹ͦܵģԼ
վһ˼һС¥ȥ
¶ۣţа䣬ţж̿㣬صİױһͷĿģǰۣ͸ƻļһʲôıƵġ
·ǶԱĴӹĹӿӿģͷҲԾЦӸˡΪصǣֻۿͻһӲ㡣ĻζʱҲֵ֧
ͨ¥С㿴˰դͺڴţߵС¥£ݼԵøĿ
ǰ˼µ壬һһ׳ʿ㲼ЬòˡһСҹʽϹ
Сˡ
ڸ
Ǻһ߹ţһ˵ڻ͡Ǹ¥á
ȥ
ʵҪҪȿģ
СҹһƲ죬˵ˡʲôҲܼġС¥ȥ
Ҳû˵ʲô˻űߵСӡ
СҹһС¥ţŮ˼˽¥ҴܣֱڲƵģֱüֱҧ̫Ϥˡ
Сҹ̤¥ݣ첽嵽ԴķſڣСˡ
ʹϵһ
ӴĸζˣǰҲкһܺŮ͸ϲ֮⡣
ѹ˶ûбİ𣿡Сҹʵ
ˡСҹҲûվš
֮һŮƺͷ鲽˫ϵò˵Ůʣ£üë䣬Ŀӯӯ۽ǼβƲûʹ֣෴ʹ˼ֳɣֻʱһ۴⣬֡
Сҹ΢΢һЦ˵㵽Сңҳ͹ȥȻԱߵԡȥˡ
Сҹȥͷߣͤͤţһ
ɶСҹȴǿҵķУƺ¡
ǸʧԡſʱǼţð׹⣬ҪƲסسȥͷ˾͵ءǸԼôɡ
Сҹĵض˼½ţҴ¥С
ӲС䣬輸ϰһЩйɫɫĲС豭ҿţоӣױ̨ŮԵױ䡣
һңһɣҡţСҹĿӹߣȻš
ٽʱѻһӣͷɢһͷʪСİ׽Ѿ
һסСҹ֣˵Сҹҵˡ
Сҹһջ֣ϴĸҹ¶
ЦЦЦúȻ˵Ⱥȵ裬һ˵ţʼæһӣϱС¯ӡҶֽȡ
С¯ˮȡһ֧ۻڳӻƿˮտ־ݲ衣Ȼƿߵױ̨ϡڴڼ䣬Ͼ鲻һ㲻ŸղŽеô˾
Сҹǰ˵СҹȲɣ˲úˡ
Сҹӣһ裬˵Ȱɡʲôܸ˵
ԭŮ˾ǶСҹĸס
ױ̨ǰھױ
Сҹһϣ豭һڣϸϸζԶԶͷ
˵裬ǲҸ̸ҿɸ㣬Ҳͬģİɡ
һӻͷһ߶žգСҹҲ̫СˡôɵŮˣ˸ҵĹϵǽװˡҵΪΪ氡
СҹգվٺȲ裬ߵĸϣĬĬؿž˶
ӽ£÷Ժһȫ¶ˡ£˵Цݣ·ûоʲôʹƵġа˵ҲˮģŮ̶
˵ֻǽףСҹָָ¥ϡ
Ȼˡ軹ûˡ˵ˣҪ˵Ļ񡣡˵ˣкһȵϬ˾ֻ֡˲䣬⣬ˡ
㲻˾ͺá
һ°ɣȻô衣һϲۣһߴȤ
Сҹ̾˵ھʧˣǸðƻˡ˽أҪϴˡ˵ˣĿ
Ҫ㲻һ֣շӶžĵʮ⣬
治ףҳô¶㶼żﻹŮΪʲôҺʱ㲻֧ԮֻҪ֣СüˡСҹüŭĿһű˪
ǼһﾺֻС¶Ǻ⹫˾ĺǴ¶
治˵ʲô
ϸĵͿں죬Լ˫ԽԽ죬ֶһݾ޵
кβ׵ġܾλãɲı谡ȻãҲûʲôÿϧġ
СҹҰֵĲҵôܱǸҰСӡ
ӵһЦ֪ӽȥԺĻԻջƻƣĴﲻ˼ˡ
ɡҲʧܡ
ױĸӯӯվ𣬶žеԼ¶ЦݣСҹ§ڻ˵СҹҪûʲôԵģǺ⹫˾ǩԼô֣һտӵʲôƵġĪ⡣
裬㲻֪Сжж⡣һ뵽ǸˣҾͲ˯㡣
Ůŵ˵һδɵëͷСӣûʲô˵ģӦ㣬Ķ£ͰʧȥĶû˵ʱˣˡ
СҹаǰŮˣһĶׯģȴʵʵړdʮԼѹûȵС
§סӵľ˷ܵ˵ҵš
ӸŮ飬૵ҶﳤҶﳤǲ֪ûô
Сҹ˵Ҷﳤ¹˭֣δ֪ơ



11 ְ粨

Ϊܾ¡صľְﵽĿЧ
Ļ᳡ѡŰ칫¥С㳡ʻ졢򡢱˺̵̺صϯ̨ÿһ䶼Ũϲ
һ죬ҶﳤҲһĴ磬ųˡ
һɫװƤЬͷĸߴ󡢿ģǰһվνӢȲ
ڶžʱҶﳤԼ¶͵΢Ц˵ҵøл㰡
հţֹҪӴͣҪ̨šΪˣ˵䣬һ˵ȥġ
ϣ˾쵼ǸɡԱԼֵܵλҲֳҶﳤôԴӿ˷֮࣬ЩССĽšûΪǾĴ档
˶»ҪԱʮһҲ˸ŵͷͷԡӡȽ̵ǼؿڡۿڵˣһɫΪŮԣ䣬֦չ涷ޡ
ǣۻңһĽܣֻһһеֲ֣̫˭˭ֻǵʲôˮ๫˾ľש˾ľʲô칫˾˾ܵȵȡҲ˲ͬε
Ҷﳤ֣еһףش֮⣬еĶ˻˵һЩ̫Ļ¶Цݡ
Ҷ̨ܰͺˡ˾ǳŵؿʵˡ
Ҷܰǹ˾ĲҲ⣬㿴ܲȿǿǾǡ
ɷҪԶţҶһҪ֮ˡ
ĻҶﳤӸݺһ֪˵ʲôֻҲûʱϸʣϾֳϲʺ϶໰ﲻֹܾܲô׵ģ֪жپԼء
ǣСҹҲףء
Сҹź䡢̿㣬¶ۺȽӳԸˡڴֶЩȺĸԡҪǶСҹҶﳤԸ࿴ۣҲԸӽ
Ҳװģʰ÷ƮƮ͵ڳȫͬ
Сҹ΢Ц˵ҶﳤҪףˣʤˣѽϡ
Ҷﳤ˵ףҽˡá
Сҹ[һЦЦú
ҿ㣬ܵӲϱȫǶӣ˼׼
һͷе̧
˽̧͸İװ£һֻ󶦣Һɫ׭֣Ƶģһ˸ˡ
Ҷﳤͷöֶ塣
СҹȷʵǺö͸ģҸϣ͸Լġ𣿡˵գƮȻȥαλ
Ҷﳤ˵Ҷܣϲǻˣҵ㽲ڼϵģһˡһЦˡ
ҶﳤıӰЦңûôס
ʱ򣬽߹ʣͷҿһ߲ţòҪʲôıɣ
Ҷﳤ΢Ц¡ڳôвżߣʲôС˵Ĳң
һǲġ
صġ㰲ĺͱӵĵں߾ͳˡûʲô˵ҵģμҸոպĽ˵סǡ
һ
븺ıǣ츺𱣰ģĹ˾רְֲǡҶﳤҲûзΪΣԽ¶
Ҫ̨αһʵĿ֮󣬱죬գƣֳһƬڡ
ڱڵδɢ֮ʱҶﳤڻĽУλصݽ̨
ݽ̨ϯ̨ǰ࣬ϯ̨һξ룬ϱĶصͼʾг˷磬޵
Ҷﳤӵվݽ̨ʱٶеľͷĿⶼ׼ʹѪڣԺСһ̣ԼĹȥԼˣԼʦҪֳԼӣжð
˫ַݽ̨࣬ҶﳤĿȫתһȦ˵Ůʿǣǣλǣӭһ֤Ĵϲ¡
˵̧Żݽ̨ǰ
ϿЦкϷˡ
ֻӷ»ûȥǴͳһСͰڿ´ʵܾȥһŻµĳ˵Ǵࡣ
ҶﳤľְϣȻ÷ࡣ󰡡
ֻǣûóȥڲıǵ£йߣԱӴܣ׷ȥ˼Ʋ᳡ܡҪʱһ󺺴һߴڳǰҸһȭ˱ڵˡ
ҪʱǴ˫צӥץСһ֫裬
׷󺺺øߺ׳ʮ͡
˵˾ǽˡ
սӸ첽ܵݽ̨ɸɾҶﳤʵͷû¶ɣ
ҶﳤЦЦ˵û¶ȻΧļ˵ׯһ֦ȫ൱ҡֲǻʵô˵ط⻰üǴЦҶзȣпڲţΣҡ
⵵¶ǴɣҶﳤںùԱֳʰһºݽѾְĳ̶ִȥֳ˹Ŀ࿴
ͶСҹеˣǵĿȴ˶ʼޡлᣬԻյ
ͬʱע⵽λܴĽûлλվݽ̨ǰ༸׵ľ룬һһźīתתȥȻϸ۲Ҫпɵ˹ӥһȥ
򳡣ûʲô¶
ݽĩβҶﳤ˼仰һӡͰٴңҲʥˣҲȱ㡣Ժ˭ҵȱ㣬ֱָˣò÷ֶΡٴηȰ÷ߣҲʻׯڣҲҪ
⻰ٶ˴ҵЦ
СҹС˵͵ʴףǿź֪ȡ鷳ˡ
һҡͷ˵ҵ˲ҵġҸҿ϶
ϯڳ˸磬ʾл
˾Ǵ˾ֺˬڱõľƵ˼ʮƣñǾá
ûμӣĵˡ뷨ƺ󡣿ǶСҹûߣȥˣҲ֪ʲô
ڴƵڻЦУҶﳤٶյ˺ö˵ףЩ˵ǡЩ˵ĺ˾Ҳ˽˵ľǣĶˡҲֻǹЦû˵ʲôЦݶˡ
ƻɢʱһһȥҶﳤò͡
Сҹ˵ҶﳤķӦҺǷȷʵһ˲šһǾ仰ϴϲ˶ӣü
Ҷﳤʾϲ˶Ӳ£һѶӰεȥġ
ŶСҹȻ뿪ٿͣҶﳤM־ա
һ̿ʼԼĸˣԼеȫһ̣Լֻãߵĵط
ⲻԤ֪Լģ
磬Ҷﳤˣ



12 มĵ

ְ֮ҶﳤҪÿȥ˾ϰࡣסҽԺŰ칫¥ԶаСʱͿԵˡ
ְλȻרͣҲרŵĹԢסҶﳤʱûҪҪӡʽɫ֮ٿЩ¶˵ˣû뿪ҽԺšҽԺвֵĶ
һϰʱǸƣڵϣ¡¹һ꣬ǳˬȺдУҶﳤԼλãԾúгɾ͸С
¥£ֵතӭ¥ݻȫͬʡ
Ķǣæģϰ࣬Ҫ²Ÿ˾ƽʱʵֵƣÿֵһܣָڡ
ӴҶﳤλ£ʮˣиӣ·ͷûëԲԲĶͷһ
ﶭһţߵбعؾԱòʺ
һʺõǽӴǰ̨ľͼ£áǵЦӯӯﲨУҶﳤһ⣺Ůڰ
ﶭһ¥ߣһ꣬ھʺۻ˸ˣ˲֪ٴ֡Ĺز۲ˣģסǵֺͳࡣ
ȵﶭܾ칫ʱѾСʱ¶ˡҶﳤûôﶭ¿żȷˡ
ҶܣҵûЪˣ麰ҡ
ﶭ£㡣
칫Һô󰡣İ칫ΣƤɳһشɾøûƵġվڴǰеһǾ۵סԶߣ¥мź
ʮӶʮҾһѣڿྡڰλáط㣬֪ܿʦһΪ㸴ġǶҺõˣһʮҶģҲŹǡ
ٶԼǣҶﳤһᣬԴ֮ûǵϢˡҪǶϿн죬һĻŭŰɡ
뵽ְǶ̬ȣĴΪ㡣뵽һδĥѣᡣЩܣһʱ˵ˡ
Ŵأ
Ҷﳤתһ˵һ죬һλְҵװŮӣ̷ͦƯģֻһʡ
Ҷܣ١
ã顣
Ҷﳤ¶е΢Цվ֡ỬҰ۵ġһºҶﳤϽſˡ
ҶܣԺҾĹˡʲôҪֻܷԸ
Ҷﳤһָǽɳ˵ҳէʲô֪ҽһ¹˾ɡ
ٴҶﳤºԼɳϣ˫Ȳ£һࡣ
ҶʷľӪǲ䱸
ÿص˵һЩɡ
õģҶܡ
ҲʲôϣҶﳤ˵飬ٲ첻˺
ҶﳤҲ[۾Լķš
ҶﳤѶȣЩע͡Ϊ˵λܾ³ûʲôѧˣıʱҶﳤʱЩ⣬ÿⶼǹؼԵģʹһЩרҵΪԾ
֪ҶﳤʱԼ⾭ڣӹ˾ʶˡĿʡʡʵȵȣޱؽ̸Щº;飬ʧеġ
ҶﳤÿλЩʱᡢۡģռ̡
ˣҶﳤĿ䵽ϣ˵飬Һ⡣
ллҶܿ佱
ҷһ¶㽲ȫǶʱš֪֮⼸ʲôӡ
Ǹ˵Ҷܣܲں⼸꣬ˣʱǸЩ޹ؽҪĸ塣˾ҵ¶֪þˡ
֪֮Ĺ˾ҵ
Ȼֵත£ҵ񲿺Ͳˡ
Ҷﳤţ˵ǺáȥѲҵɡ
ٴӦһ˳ȥ
ûã˽ˣȫеġ֪Ȥ˳Ҷﳤɳϡ
һҶﳤеסˡ
ҵĽܻʵʲô׳һҶﳤе㲻ͷˡ
ҲЩֻ֪ﻹжǮ
໥ƣ¶֮ɫ
˵ʵˡ
ԥ˺һ˵֮ȥһпǷծ110ڡ
ҶﳤһеɵˣΪԼĶë
㲻ڿЦɣ
ҵ̧ͷ˵˵ûǹ˾ǷЩǮ
ôӣôأ֮ǰʲô֪
˵ǹ˾ʵҵͲ߲ҪϸܵģֻһЩ֪ʵ顣
ҶﳤɫѿԼһһĳЩ˵ķӦͰһ׹ζ
ҶﳤйصϺʱҰҪúÿ
˴ӦһսսˡҶﳤһһоȫĹͷˡۣСҹ˵Ļϰϲ˶ӡ
һ죬ٽһ裬˵ҶܣȲ衣
飬Ҳ֪˾Ĵ𣿡
ֻһ˵
Ҷﳤֱӣʵ飬Ǻʱܾģ
ٻشڶܳµǰµϵġ
εģ
ʱҸմѧҵãͨӦƸһ㿼ԣΪܾġ
Ҷﳤͷңʱ˾ҵô
ٳҵпɣֻǷزءΪ˳ΪͨЩؿŻѪ˶˼Ȧ
ô
Ƕʱǿ֧ܲں˵йزų׶˾ز·
Ҷﳤüزһľռʲôλ
룬˵ռʮ֮塣
ô󰡣أ
ݳƷռʮ֮
ҶﳤŶһȻ֪ݳƷָġ帺һ
ôǷôǮţ
ʱڿ׼¥̲٣صĲҲˣõĴһߣеĿͣһӾˡȻ˵öණͼתãҲ޼°
ڿʲô
ЩݳƷҵһЩҪĲҵ֧ʵڲʱ뷨ѺӺͲƷ
ǻ֧Ŷã
Ҳ˵á˽˵ٳһͲˡ
⻰Ҷﳤһۣ񱻵һ¡Ҫǰˣֱһ
һ룬ɽ纣ĲʱҶﳤˡЩ˳Լ˼֮󣬾̲סžžذһЩӵ˵ϡ
ҶﳤȻվǰӣ棬˵Сҹ˵ϱ߲˶ӣڿ˵ˡӷǷĹ˭棬úͬھ
һ̣겻ݵתţȦϸҳһ顣
ˣġ϶֪ģΪʲôһҪǰʵ鶼˵ˣôͶ˾ôѣҶﳤεºܣ
Ҹô죿Ҹô죿ѵһ࣬ҪԹԳҲġ
ӵͷӰѵϵĲһʰ
һֽˣҲû˵ʲôһ
Ҷﳤ̧ͷĲô׾㣬м



13 廢ɽƫҪȥ

궫һһںáҶﳤע⵽ºֺרעӣж֮
ҶﳤϰΣ˵飬һ¡
ٱֱվǰ˵Ҷ¶ܷԸô
ҶﳤһЦ˵Ǻã֪ͨﶭ£ܡܣϹᡣ
ĸң
¥Ｘң
һСÿ¥СܿСʱġ
Ǻã㿪ˡ
ٴӦһ紵ȥˡ
һٷſڣʵҪҪ׼ʲôϣʲôļ
Ҷﳤվ˵ˡûʲô⣬ֻġ
һָ˵ǺãҶܣھȥҡ
¥Сңȵˣܾ칫ֻš
һƣС塢ʮˡıѩףһЩﾵ򡣵תϵøɸɾĺһų߸һӡϱ̻Ҹסˮˮӵˮʢƻѵȣϱߵˮڡ
ϵˮǸշϵ𣿡
ԣҸϴȥġ
Ҷﳤٵʵû𣿡
ʵˡ챻Ŀҽȥæˡ
İ칫ȱ𣿡
ԭȱġ꾭βԱʱæԵˡ
Ҷﳤһ˵ζĬĬԼλϡǳһͷſڡ
ʵҶܣĻҪҪ¼
ҶﳤҡͷءҪϯ
ٴӦһҶﳤһˮǰԼվߡ
δҶﳤλŮ˵˵ԣ಻һס
㲻ҪţһҶﳤһЦݣͰס
ٸӼ룬ͷ˵ǵģҶܣҲš
ҶﳤΣӣһЦ硢ˡѧҵȷ¶Ȼûʲôӡ
һһ䣬ɣҲԶ˵仰ˡ
㳤Ưֺܴһɣ
üͷһ壬֮ɫ˼֣˵԰ɡ
Ҷﳤµüۣʵʲôʱ飿
΢΢ҡͷ˵飬Զš
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Ĳ˵ͷ
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бһۣ˵׼˵
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ҶﳤԼְλһЦúñŤæ˵Ծ쾭Ҳ
˴ӦһҶﳤº󣬲һһҵࡣǰҶﳤţǸӡҶﳤһӾãڹ˾ڱǰǿɲֵܹϵˡ
˵ʲôеŲˡ
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Ҷﳤһͷ
ӪˣϰΪһ㲻֡
ȻǶˣҲֱ˵ˡ˵˾أٲά裬£ʲô취𣿡
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Ҷﳤ͵ֻǵһˡתۿﶭ¡
ﶭ˵ɡ
ﶭ˸ָһ´ӣЦ[[Ҷﳤ˵Ҷܣǿ϶ΪˡӢ߰
⻰ֱһͷֱҶﳤʹ͸ҪǰƢֻҪףŭлӶȭ
Ҷﳤ[ЦﶭǿһϵˣӦü˼棬ѹزŶ԰
ﶭٺЦ˵ǧڣһˡһϣɴ㡣￪㴬ġ
ͬһȭҶﳤеۡ
ﶭ»ʮһˣֻһλΪ֪һ˵˼жµ˼
ﶭˮһˮץһֽ죬˵Ҹ˵˼Ҳȫ嶭µ̬ȡ
Ҷﳤֻ˵ˡ
׾ͺáﶭվ˵û¶Ļȳˡе㷦۾
ȥϢˡ
ﶭµĽӷΧͷ˵ҶܣҪϴλӺĻֵġƵسȥˡ
Ҷﳤ̣Դʹ˵飬ҲЪɡ
ٵͷ橵ˡ
ŤűӰԲƨֱʧͷЦֵܣ椶Ū棬϶ܹ񫡣
Ҷﳤ˰֣˵磬ⶼʲôʱˣ㻹Ц
ջɫɫĿ⣬յҶﳤǰ£˵ֵܣȻλˣͿɣһ죬һ졣һ浹ˣҲ㡣ʲôǸ߲ʿ֪ġһļ
ԴеĻҪʲô治ףȻڲô֢ˣôţ
ҶﳤĿڶ˵ɨ
ı˿ûпҶﳤ˵ֵܰ粻㣬ǵСҹƼˣȥȡʱ䣬ûܵصҲûͷϣӰˣҼɵģĴĻԡ˵˵ˣù𣿺Ҳû·
Ҷﳤ۾壬ʵʲô·
岻ȴġ
忡ûʲô仯[۾˵·̴ְ̯Ӹ»ᣬӻظҺˡ

Ѹ̨һҶﳤסˡ
Լһ˿ظѧ£Ϊ˸һҵԼ⽣ӰظСҹΪӣҵ𣿼²ȾܣⲻԼ簡ԼôôԲ𶡴ࣿ
˵ֵܣ֮ǰܻһꡣ֮Ҫһ꣬ͺܲˡ
Ҷﳤ粻˵λ磬ûϣ𣿡
򴽣ûг
ֵ̾ܣǳ漣룬ĵһ֧ҵǷزڶĺҸ˽زǱߣһµĵضò·һ˽Ǳ߹ܵԽԽϣҲԽԽԽԽСûа
Ҷﳤһᣬһأĩˣҧҧһ˵λ磬Ҿˣλϲˡ·ߵģ漣˴ģҾͲţҪҾʹ¥ȥˡһָ󴰻
ĵͷҲһӣ˵Σȫ֧Ԯ㣬㵽ġ
Ҷﳤĳȣץס˵һֻ֣·𿴵˶



14 һҩת

°ҶﳤԼҽԺ䣬һɣ˼Ʒ׷ɣƬ̲ͣһһʷʵˣλ̫ӡ̫Σʱˡ
һ죬һ״ӵҽˣһЦݣһ϶ӡ
ģɴϸﰡ
Ǵ죬ˡ
Ҳڴϰڻ˶ʱҸʲôöˡ
Ҷﳤ˫ֽΪڴϡ
ʲô϶ҩˡ
㻹֪ġ
бһƣǧ橽ӷϣ˳ظ·֧һƬߣҹĹӿӿضͣ
˴ǰһѵҪɣ
Ҷﳤһƣˮ
ԭ⿪˼ӡӽǡôһ·һ飬γһӣĿ̽롣
ҶﳤĽǶȣÿѩ׵ӹ䣬Բ£һϿȰƮһ΢΢²ɾʮ㡣
ûҶﳤļһﲪȻ𣬿ӵɲȻһ
ֶ
ǧһЦ¶һݣһ˫ˮķĿЦġ
Ұֹûְ㿴
ʮָתȫ˵ٶʱ½һ˫ʣıݺںڣһȻ
ûϸţ·һϣɫ
ҶﳤڵŲ´վˡ
ǧ橵ǱߣӶͳܡͷ޻ˮȵȡ
¶Ц
ҪƳɹˣһǵͼ۰㵱ʲôϴǿ̫ˡ
ҶﳤͦӲĶƨϹ˫ֲץĴӣš
㣬Ҳ£úܡ
ʲôҵҩɡҩʲô˵
Ҷﳤһȥסһֻ񫣬ͦõԡû᲻õ߰
ǧ橶죬һüͷһ壬Ӻ˺ߡ
СˣȰ¶
ҶﳤٺһЦ˵¶һŻװͷһָֻ֣ȥˣǧ橲[ۣ촽ź˽УŤţǾܾϡ
ˣˮġ
Ѿˡ
˵ָٵǰʱֻϱѾմһĭƵҺ壬ָؽڴѳ»
㰡ɫ
ǧ˵ͷָＸӣָȲûɾֵģֱ
ٿǧ橣ڸ¶ˡȻ糺죬Ŀ˫Ѿץߣ׼
ϵÿӣװתͷˣǹ͵Цݣֽ˷ܣеš
ɣһ֤ıʱ̡
Ҷﳤܵһ˵㣬صĸô󲻴󣿡
ǧרҵ˵ģѾ˶ε䣬һֱΪֹ
Ҷﳤӣ¶ĸ첲˵ɡ֪ôģͻȻĳˮ׳ʿһȥⲻ
һڼϣƽǧһׯϵ˵װģǵһзˣҽҩʷϻµĹ֡
ҶﳤЦЦ˵ҲܳΪĵһСҪûˣǵչҵĸĸˡھȪ֮Ҳлġ
ǧ橷ܣһۣ˵㰡ͻ˵˵ǧ꣬㲻꣬Ҳǧġ˵һЦˣõ廨һˡ
һ˫ĿҶﳤϡתȦռÿһӦ
һҶﳤһᣬԴһΣʡ
ôˣǧ¶֮ɫ
Ҷﳤͷģ
ǧ橸Ͻסʹ֮ƽȡ
˵㵽ôˣ
ҵͷεһ죬³һɰĭȫƤҲٷ죬һֻз
ǧ橻ʧɫСķɵϣȫѪֽﻹ°ĭ
ǧһ߸ԣһ˫Ӻ˵ôֻǰĳЩɷֽˣôĺš
һڣҶﳤƽûʲô֢״
ҶﳤָʱһǺһƵġ
ǧһ߸һ˵ղſˣӺÿ°Ժһǲҩˡ
ҶﳤЦûµġҲǵһҩˡ
ǧµ˵е㲻ˡ
ǧô˵ҶﳤˣܹҩȻȫģһտӣԼϵĳ٣ҩٲУԼƾʲôԺͷδ
ڣԼҪҩˡ
ұһһףҾʲôˡ
㰡ˣЦó˵˴Ļ˵һҸСŮһĿ
Ҷﳤ§壬оرܰһۣ·ֻص˹ȥһԲЦ
ϱˣ˯ɡ
ҵ밡Լһߣȥ
ǧ뿪ʱҶﳤߡ
ǧ¶ȰĹԣ˵˵úӣпջġ
ҡ
ǧô˼ڣ׵Ŵ˵Ĳ
ҶﳤȥӰһůе
ڲԹֵʱǴһ̨ǰ崿ȫע£ǰʱתһתʱϲõĹԡ
ĳ࣬ʣ̬ĸ˲ֻôЩʿһָҵأ
뵽ҹڻëѵĸ˫壬ȱʶɧַˮ
Ǵһʲôַ꣬һ̧ͷҶﳤһЦ֮
߹˵Ҷʲô𣿡
Ҷﳤ۾ĿˮɼףһҶûУɽȪ
֣Ƿôãô˵Ůôأ
Ǵǰ˻Σôˣ
ҶﳤһЦ˵䲻ôĹе̫ˡ
ǴһЦԼĿ˵ҶῪЦģһץһѵġ
Ҫ̸䣬иﺰʿǴһЦ˵Ҷʧˣͷһ󴺷㱼򲡷ѻһڿ֮
ҶﳤֱֹҪ֪ϸҾԲţһҵʲôѣǵøһСлʣҲ԰һѡ
Ųĵİ칫ǰڲɣĺ嶼Сʲô
ĻҶܡ
Ҷﳤһ֣˵ĸ磬˽ôУһܲ˵ġ
ٺһЦ˵ֵܾܰҲ̫˰ɡ
ôˣ
ĸ˾ܲסլסҽԺԼϰġ忴һۡ
ĵͷϾһ˿Цݡ
ҶﳤЦǹ˾ӣЩûʲôã͵ˡסҽԺҲ˭ʶңкöŮɿɸɡ
ĸţͷͬ⣬˵ֵܣ⻰˵ˡҽԺŮȷʵðкõкùš
˵⻰ҶﳤӣһͬЦ˵ʹ졢泩ƶɢˡ



15 ɽˮ·

ҶﳤСʿǴɻһò²졣
ҽԺЩְĻʿУеôر𴿽࣬ѵЩﻹдŮ𣿡
ˣɫɫЦ˵ֵܣʵúðҽԺˡⷽ滹֪ϸ
Ҷﳤĵ
˵¶һûͨЩ˵ı顣
ҽԺļְʿУȷʵдŮǰ׽רġһVIPûʸʹõġԴֵסҽԺŮʿһֱûнӿͣרΪءҪٲɵĻؾͻˡ
Ļش𣬵ʹҶﳤһǰֳǴЦݡ
ȤС۾ģϵСӶɺɫ
ĵĻŴЦЦú÷ŵô
ģôһ˵һЩʿһظģƨ̵ģװ崿ʵҵһμ棬࿴ۣע⵽ˡԺÿμ棬ۡҶֵܣҪǲϵĻҿɾˡ
忴Ҷﳤ
ĳ˵ǴŮǹģҲ̫ì˰ɡ
岻ʲô֮治УѵûĴŮǸǲǴŮһԲ֪
ҶﳤǴÿοչġѵĺ˵λ
̸ŮˣҶﳤ̸ҵ
λ磬뿪Ժ󣬷زˣôͦģ
˵ˣô˵
һûг
ϵЦһգһѴȣ˵ܿʲôţҪ¡
署ϸһ㣬
ͷõģֵܡҾǲǸλӶ죬Ҳʲô֪ġҪ˽ƷǱǶҲֵ֪ܣܵýմ󣬣Ҳ׳¶ĹģԽԽԱԽԽ࣬ϷĿ񷿵زҵҵҵששɰʯȵȡ
Ҷﳤ廰ıԶǰ
ͷ˵粻Զڵıǩɵ¶õˡЩҵУⷿزҵðСͶ룬󣬴Ӳ˿͡ҵռÿݶˡ
ķزˣô
һȻ˵Ƕμˣֻܶá⼸Һĳǡǵ˽⣬˹˾ҪӪµҵʱֳˣͳȥǮάֹ˾ת
Ҷﳤֱ̾˵ΪλˡֻǶ»ûܲܿ󴬳˰ɡ
ҡͷңǵУڵĽУɣͣǹɷݣӴ˵õǶѸٳɳ˽ĹģǴ۲ΰԣڴûˣЩ¡ǲһĵġ
žһӣȺ˵˽ֵС¶ˣûһְܾģµ򡣡
Ҷﳤ׹ʵǹ˾ҪˣǲҲ𣿡
ҡͷֵܣ̫ˡЩ˲ָһġԼŹ˾Լİɡֻһ֡Ҫˣܹӡ
Ҷﳤ̾ϢôҲǸ¶·
忴һģ˵ģˡ˽죬븴̫ˡ´Դ
Ҷﳤģ˵ĸ磬ôģ
գգ۾شֵܣ⼸˶·޷ʵʩʲôĿһʴͶ롣òǮҪ붯Ǯ͵ȥвǡȥдֻù˾ø졣
ҶﳤѵһЩСĿ
İڰ֣˵СҲС˻ţûծЩծϰ࣬ûǴ򽻵š죬ǻġֵܣɵСӦ
Ҷﳤ[˲[ۣ˵Ҳµġ
ֱҶﳤ˵Ǿ仰ֵܣҪǾܲˣ߻ȫˣһʧ
Ҫˣô
ôһߵڣɡ
żֿǻ˵ģһ뵽˾Ҫ군Ҿ;ԼǸˡһִ۳ûˣҶˡȦˡ
ı۾ĵ˵ʲôаû㡣֧ŵɡŴ֪Ļǵġ
һ̧ͷ˵Ҳģ治ġ
Ķ˵ܺҵҹܺҵݳƷ£ɡ
岻ĿתҶﳤ
Ҷﳤ˼Ƭ̣˵Ҫ뾡취ȥ
˵ͷ
Ҷﳤվ˵ˡλİɡ
ߵűʱ庰һ
绹ʲô£
ֵܣǶԲ㣬ʲôͷ˾Ҫûˣܾܰ׵һһ죬úúһ¡
˵ʲô
˾Ů٣ɱ˷ˡǸٰɡڹ˾ǳˡ
ҶﳤЦˣ˵磬ûˡ
˼۾˵ǿӦüʱְ
Ҷﳤû˵˰칫ҵš
ϣ˯ţƽ˯ⲻ֪Ķȥˡֳֺ̣Ⱦƣȭģȫá֮£커ʿ壬ʿ¶
Ǹʿֻ֧һСʱ㱻ɵսߵʱһȳһյģʱ
ֽ˸ɣɵɱһСΣöˡ
ʿ໥뿪˹ͷһ㣬ֹ˿϶ҩˣȻô
϶ΰԶˡ
սҶﳤ˳˯˯ú㣬ȴûΣЩŮȫԼΡ
ԺǸֲ
նȥʩӽ
룬ʩӽ̶꣬ḻҲʲô
ʩӽͨβǨõһʷʽ𣬵ûӣסھƵꡣ
ղʩӽɫöˣϵ˻ˣЩͨͨǽĴŮˡ
ʩӽɢ㷢һǳɫ˯£¶ѩ׵ȣЦؽء
Ҷ裬컨޷ҷ
ҶܣҵĻô
Ǻã
ʩӽˮһЦЦû֦Ҳǰ˫ҡҷջĲΣĳҡ˶֮⡣
Ҷﳤɳϣʩӽһ֣ʩӽЦţĻ˵Ϣ
Ҷﳤ§ϸϵһʱ
Ҷܣ˾ϴ󵱵𣿡
ʲôͲû¥ˡ
ʩӽһֱӣسҶﳤ
ʲô˼
Ҷﳤ¿˵ܵλӾǶߡ˭һ˭ͱҧˡ
ʩӽŶһ˵ңô¶
ҶﳤԼ
ʩӽɫʱ
꣬ʩӽп㰡Ѱ·ˡѹֶ֮λӿôû˽šԭô¶
Ҷﳤ§˵㣬취ɡҪȥҪúãþʡ
ʩӽ˼С



16 ֮

ʩӽ뿪˻˼˺þã˵ҵи⣬֪вУ
Ҷﳤ۾һ˵˵˵
ŵľҲ˽⣬˵ֻο
Ҳá
ڸ㷿زĶˣɷԽ࣬ҪҵĹԽࡣҿȫеҵ棬úõġ룬ǲһ¡
Ҷﳤվһ˵ʩ㣬Ľ鲻
ȱ˵áҸһ¡ҪУԴƹ㣬תĿ֮һеĻ
ʩӽĿһתЦǻձѰһȺåУԸϱУǵư
˵Цˣҡ
Ҷﳤ˵ȻһһͷȻէէϲȻеƣԼҲûʲôѡ񣬲ҸҲβ˵һ죬ˬһ죿
ʩ㣬ллĵѣҾҸ¥ýЩȥҪǺˣټӴȸɡ
Сŵùңͺúɡ
ȻԲṼ㡣
Ҷﳤ˵ɾ͸ɣУ󿪷СҵһССһ깤¥ʮ¥סżǧˡ
ҵԱѾ˺üΪΣ̫ңùŷǳͷʹɽ
ҶﳤȥһÿУ󣬽պ˿С
Сڷش˶࣬СˮƽԴ죬͵ߵĴѡƻСİȫʩ·ƣƻأš
ڽ֮ǰľ಻ԣǮĲе˼ܲˣɴˡ
ǽפ֮󣬵һץס
죬һС͵һٸĿ㶵Ǯƨһѡ
ٸкˡһȺĺѸϵС͵һٱûǮ˵С͵ֻ첲ϡС͵ģүүˣһɡ
˵һڣ´θĹȡ
С͵ֱͷ޺ŵҲˡ
˴ҴȥһԽΪ׵Сϵֳһ֣˼С͵һӵС⣬ڵϷŽС
ϣĸ˿һңֽ򣬲ֻԡӵҪǽ֮ʱյѲ߶ӷ֡
ʲôˣվס
ĸ¶ͱǽȥˣܵúܿ졣һȺø졣һС͵ǽͱ²ת͵̹ˡ
ӭȥһһߵ䱳Ʒһס˲ӣʹתá
ͷҶﳤȥ׷ǽܵġֻǽһһһ࣬ȥˡ
ǰߵӸܳʮԶ㱻Ҷﳤ׷ϡģתҶﳤĿ¾һš
ҶﳤץӼʱսţһҶﳤ°֮͡죬֮ͣСơ
ֻҶﳤٶץš
սţҶﳤͷ˲䣬˫ȭҶﳤԴ
Ҷﳤȭ󷢶һȭؿϡֻһӲҽУԶˤڵϣֻкߺߵķݶ
ץס⼸֮Ҷﳤһᣬÿ޵֪˶ٸͷżæȥɽıӸӵС⣬ôҿڽС³
˸˵ע⡣ҵΧԹϣʹС͵ʹŭ⡣
ǲǳǹ߷ڸһ޺ܴ󣬱ȺʹˮЩ˱ͷܣѽѽֱС
û֪ЩǴģҲûԺ󡭡Ƕ֧ӹĿ࿴
˼ĴСΪӵĽÿθ£ƹС˭ﶯ֣ϳ˪ˡ
------------------------------------------------------------------------
СƷСΧһȦиֵm⡣ĵҵС˲ڼҳԷʱѡȻĲСԲҪҽж㡣
ӴˣʲôСеĵϰģΪǮ󣬱ʳ¡õĲר˵ģ˰ս⣬רˣרʵġõ
еľԻ˶ӣΪԼ⡣е˳ˣǰ߽ҽԺΡء
һӣϰչ⹶ϰϱˣҲʲô¶Ҹɡмܺʣˡ
Ķ˶£˵ˣ¼ڰҶﳤ͵ʰˡ
һ죬ˡ
С°һ裬⣬캢ȥϰĵ԰ӡȥѧûãͽӵʦĵ绰˵ģˡ
ŻˣϽ캢ȥҽԺһʳжסԺơźǿӣۻˡھȺӵʱԼҲͰѳʣİȥ飬ͳڰϡ
ŭֺޣȥҹϰۡ
ӲɾҶӳԻˣҽԺסԺšҽҩѡ
ϰһ⣬ָ񾭲ŮˣԼ⣬ҼʲôϵҡĴ㡣
ĵļһҪ㡣
氡ԸĶ涼СҼˣһһš
úᶼˡ
ģӣҡӴ㡣ϰץһȥ
躦£תܳꡣܳԶͷϰ廹ŽŴ
ھСſʱ֧˵ˣСİȫߣʲô¶ܵġ
ţͿˣ˹ϰСԵꡣ
˹ȥʱϰ廹ûݣſ½ǸŮȡ֣ܻ
С۾һ֣˳ȥסϰ壬ʮӡ
ϰһڵϹȥȫѪɱʱеûֵ˶ˡԶ˹ۿƺȲʡ˵úã˴ɾҲ˱
ϰ屻òΣʵܲˣһҡβ
С۾ָıʣûпˣ
СϰڵϣѪ¡
Ժ󻹸Ҹɻ²
ˡ
ǺסԺͲǮ
ǮͶٶˡ
С۾¶Цݣǰɿ⣬ָȺ˵Ƽ˰ɣǿӺ˵³Ժ˭ڽС񣬾͸һ
С۾ժߵĶһ˦ͷھϵǰֵﳤȥ
ϰȺڵſڵϡ
ǧл֪ôлźáºҵģͳһǮաûҪֻ˵ˣҲ֪Щ·ʲôˣǸɵ飬һ޹صģΪһǶ֧Ԯǹˡ
һ£Сĵϰ壬ûиҿ˵ˡӵһӴȥˡ



17 

һµСΪԶ̫ƽСԴСرǺ˵Ĺ£רС¼ӰɷãרⱨСķǣԭ¥¥ںˣ֮һա
£öҹ˾ϵҪźҶﳤϲնò˼飬ĺɣУ
ҶﳤЦɣϰϲ£ûѾǧȥʮһͣӾ綼أϰվϲ¡
ճɵôɣǱߣûȥɣ
Ҷﳤʼ磬һʱ֮û£ӽ֤ݵġ
ɵı¼Ȼ˾ĵ飬ҶﳤϣƵһɶֳɵʦţѾ÷ȥʵ¼ʱһ̯˵ػˣñĽȥ
ҶﳤġĹϵͨͱо߲Ĭ׷ʹ򣬷ֵĶǵﷸǣٵҲֵУôȥ
ܵϲѶӰ죬ĹƱڽڸǣһɨȥƣ̶̼죬ɣǴ׬һƱֵϲ£죬ֱҶﳤб£Ϣ
ϣԼķϢ߸ǧ橡ǧЦҿϵˣǵ֮𣿡
Ҷﳤֵýǡֱ촭Ű֡
ҵҩֳˣұ顣ǧָָϵĶ
ҶﳤȥװҩԼĸ첲£˵бҸʵˡ
ǧ׷Һһʧĵ˵ˡ
ʲô˳߲Ѱɡ
ǿɲС
ҶﳤЦǧҵôá
ǧ橵Ŀϻţ˵һԵġ
˵ЦţЦһ仨ЦЦţЦˡΪҶﳤӼػڱѪֱۡһصڵأøƵġ
ǧŵȥʵô
ҶﳤϴŲЦ˵ˡ
ǧ橺£һҺܿ죬Ҷﳤָǳһͷ
ǧ橸˵ҩûϣˡҷˡ

Ϊʲô
㸶ôѪŸɰɣҳԵ಻¡ҸоɹԶˡ
ǧ۾˵㻹ģ
СҶﳤҪǳɹˣ󲻳ɣҺôһ·˵ǲǣ
ǧȻһЦ˵Ҫǳɹˣǹҩ㶼ܹñȵܻˬ
ҶﳤͻȻ뵽һ⣬˵Ҷҩ֮ԷӦô󣬿йϵǲǿ԰ҩڼǿڹϣ
ǧȻһУϲ԰С˵öԣÿζԼҩģû뵽ҩ
ҶﳤڴϣȥĿӡ
㣬Ҫʲô
Ҫףһ¡
ҶﳤΪҪš룬ǧӺ캬˽ȥЦá
ʮӣҶﳤĺװȾһܣķˣ
ս죬Һʵ࣬ôʳһƷζ꾫Һ¶Ⱥͻĺ»˽ȥ
ǧ橲ȫԵһЩͷɨͿԼ˫ʹζԼζΪһ塣
ҶﳤճյţǱ顢񣬶ôˣŮ˶
ʲôɵˣ
㣬˷衣
ǧ橽Цѣϼãˮ˹ӡ
Ǿͽŷɡ
Ҷﳤˬһ͵һֱȫһ
ԭǧ橵࣬İֲٶȶľءԼһڽˡǲĿˡ
˼죬ҶﳤԼʩӽȥ档ʩӽȫȣݹֳ覵ĴŮˡ
ɽˮ֣ٲЩˡ
ˣɽϿϦϦĹ԰ǵȾ죬ʩӽһޡɽ㷢Ʈ˵ıǿףƢ
Ҷ㱧ңôϦ
û⡣
Ϧ޺ãֻǽƻ衣
ǻᣬʱ䳤š
ʩӽᡢ˧˵һҶģΪš
Ҷﳤ˫§˵ΰɣҲԸһΡ
ʩӽ΢΢һЦҸغ˫ۡ
ţȥ󺣣ֵɳ̲ϱܣýһһ˹ĺˮһЦƮ
Ĵ󺣣صŸ·ɣֻһڴһ
㣬㿴Ǳߡ
ʩӽ˳ߣߵ£һŮţŮ˵ͷסתţƨϵȥƵƨɹ
һ㲻񫡣
ôŹ񫣿
ʩӽһָ󺣣˵ˮˮɣһ
Ҷﳤðھ͸ɰɡ
ʩӽһ[˵ץ˵ɡֻС¹һڳȥ
Ҷﳤһ׷ȥ
Ƶɳ̲ҵĽӡӡԶ



18 һС

ɫˣ紵𣬶˻صһƵ궨˷䣬첲¥µĲȥ
б°ı
ڿ佱ҡ
ʩӽЦЩӵıҶˣΪˡߵ˿ţ
϶̫ˡ
ҿûţͦʵġǣСûдԡӺյˡ˵ǣСû˵ǱȾ컹ģˡ
ҶﳤһЦ˵ǽǳɫûʲô
ʩӽЦ˵ǫˡͷߣͷɡ㲻С
һ䣬ҾԼҪƮˡ
ûиˡ
Ҳˣľѳۡ
ʩӽҶﳤ¡ֻһõĿͷԺ·ĳɹͿ̽ƹˣȡǿͻһõת㲻ܳΪҵҲʹꡣ
ô򵥵ģЩֻͷܴģƣԸǿ룬ȥ취׬Ǯ
һЦг顣
̵ʱ沢һŮеĲʶǸӢСװƤЬӡٿŮģȴӰ
˫һһһ¡
Ҷʩ˵ɴ۾ӰɿˡΪӰ̫رˡ
ֻ磬ͬٲһ纮÷磬һ˫̶ˮɲ⣬ϲ
ٿţһɫϱǵӨԲļ¶ۡشVֿڣ鹵΢¶Ǹ߸ͻ˫壬нز
¿ϸǰ洦ʱʱ֣ԲѩףͬһӰĸӺܸߣ·ŵȫֳˣòʣԡ
ߵﱻĹ
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ӰͷˣŮ̵㡣Լһ⣬ӡ
ҵ˼˵ἯŵϴңӦñԣϾϵ˼ҹƻ亦
ʩӽվ˵ӰҸлĺ⡣ҵȥˣõȡҲȶԷ˵תˣŤεģ
Ӱֱţֱѽ˵ɵǣ˼ˣ˼ǮšȻˣҾͲܲܡһþȾʩǶжš
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ͬ⡣
Ҷﳤʩӽ˷䣬򹫹ȥ



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20 ž

ߵĴƨɣëסཱུⶴһͻĴˡڽУƨѸٵصˣ˴ߡ
ڰⶴӴͣˮʡ䡣ѨϱߣСջнǺߣ˷ܡ
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ʩӽ˽ţƨɣӰһʱܸ߳С־С˷ܸвһʹýƵĶСѨһγĻһӸ߳ˣˬֱۡ
ӰĴ룬СѨ糱ҺһҪ˿ƣſڵˡ
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Ӱһ¿ްİӣӹͷһ׽״֣úԶֻױҪԼϡ
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ƺѾŵ˵ɧζ



09



01 껨лȥ

ӰУһΪɫ顢߳ܣ־ըĳ棬ʱľ񡣵˾öˣɷĴδܹҵĳ
Ӱһ˫ĿԲԲƬ촽ſţ΢΢¶硢۶΢¶˫ҲһһµĶţһ㡣
װɫ˵΢ǰ¶һȣҲͨƵĶ֬ͣʸС󡢻۱ȡ
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Ҷﳤú󱳷¶ҪˣкĿϣ
磬Ǳ
ٺһЦ˵Ҫɾ͸ˡٻˡѾͷи㿴ˡ
Ҷﳤߵ˵
˫һ̯˵⣬ϴˣøϽٲκв
Ҷﳤͷİɣ磬¶Һˡ
ͷʹң뵱꣬һ˵ЦÿֵŮӡôӡ



02 

ҶﳤԼļˡ
磬ûȥҼ￴ɣ
ûа㲻ôţҲµġ
Ҷﳤһû˵ʲôһתǧ˿Ƶ½šȥˣûмһ档ҴǵĸӦùȥ˰ɣǺòã
ˣҶﳤ˼һӿϣʹʣ뵽ԼǰĴƺںڰԽԽϵ°ѻͷǱߴȥǲο׵׻׻룬ǲᣬ֪Լڵӣ֪
忴ı飬ʵֵܣˣ
Ҷﳤͷ˵ȥһˡǰҰ־סԺˣ֪ڿûС
΢ЦֵܣվãӦûȥһˡڲȴǰǴˣ½ˡ
Ҷﳤ룬űԼ˵ڱӣҼء
ǵҲǰĻȥǣˡ
⵹Ҳ԰
һ뵽شӣصĸǰѪʱȺġһ»ȥ龰еˡ
ģ½磬ѾˣĻȥ˵״ҪܣϾ漰ĸõİȫġ壬Ҳδŵùң˵ﻹоעҪóȻϵ¶ԼĿǰ֣ǾͲˡ
˼ӿҶﳤعʱѾˡ
Ȼʧʱ
һ¶ǴȫЦݣ˭˶ů͡죬ȴڿҶﳤһ˲
Ҷﳤһ֣˵
ǴŷɫĻʿȹ¶ۡСȡ
Ĵ۾ᡢ֮⣬۵ĺ촽
ˣҶҽ֪ͨ㵽ʵȥ
ҶﳤͷֱС椡
ǴҪʱ˶촽СҶȰǧԼҪҩɱӦΪһС棬ʧȥ塣ЦЦˡ
ҶﳤֻһϮͷѾͷ治
ʱŤΣ橵ؽǰߵһһ㡣Ӧð㡣
ģҶﳤٴμϵ龰пϧôõĹëãʻţϡ
ǧʵҵţҽ洺ؽӽݡ
ʵ˵ģҽԺСÿڸо
Ҷﳤһʵңɾ߰˸ֻǽ澹ǺڵģϺϻͷӣûƤͷ­üڿڵƹӳɭɭģ˲ڡ
һʵҲͬǣﻹŴ׼ϱбӡͷǹǧʱϢġ߻¹ӣסҵˡŴϻ˰ѼزװƷ
ǧŰ״ӣ㷢Ժ˸٣üĿ촽һ۰ϸ۵ģЦݳӰ顣
Ҷﳤ֣ʣ֪𣿡
ҶﳤҵĴһŬ죬Ȼ˶ˡ
ǧЦˣ˵Ǻ󻰡ǵȰ¶һָǽӡϰںܡͷޡ
¾㱸ֻǷ硣ͲһֻСˡ
Ҷﳤ֪Ȥӣӿ졣Ҫ˵һ㲻£ƭ˵ġ
ǧץܣϺͷҩҺҶﳤ˵ֽһ¸ضҩǰΣûӱҩֻ۲츱áҰѱҩӽˣʤڴһ١
ҶﳤżĴͷŹ︡ˮ飬ʵҪǳɹˣ᲻ã
ǧһЦ˵Բ֪𣿡
һ첲Ҷﳤ˵ɡ
ǧ橵ͷ˵ļʱԥˡ
ҵúʲô¶Ҫ˰ɡ
ҶﳤѵһЦ˵ɹġҲ¡㾡ֺˡ£͵Ϊҽѧˡ
ǧ橵һۣ˵һء
£Ҷﳤĸ첲ֵƶҺ屻ѹԽԽ٣ֱޡ
עǧĿתض۲ı仯
һλȫľ˳ˣͷˣ·ŵõģӳΪƶ̿㡣һ鼡ʯһͻӲµѿӶø߸ߵģ·߲һƵġ
ǧĿΧž˹ۿ粻
һǧʵСˣоô
ҶﳤԼأ˻Դ˼ֲڵشǰöˡе죬ͷеΣܵˡ
ǧϸزݣֽϲʱ¼һרִֹҲС
æǧ橼ҶﳤûʲôķӦԶʵ㻹ðɣ
ҶﳤЦˣù죬óª˵Һܺðȣ˼
Ӵ󡢱׾ӣŮһЦˣЦ޹زӿʹ˺ץסɵʲô
ǧ˫ھ˵ḧԼĺӡ
ҵĳɹسɹԶˡ
ʱ˹ͣģסˣ
Ƕĳ֣ԸСˡͷ쵰÷ϡճҺ
ҶﳤڸŻζ˵㰡һɵúúҰ
ǧֻźգȻʮָδӣϵЦݲ˱䣬̾ϢС˰̫ˡҪǽȥˣûˣ
ģɹʩӽϲġ
ǧĿɴ󣬾̽ȥ
Ҷﳤͦƨɣ˵㣬Ҳеģ԰ɡ
ǧְ˰ڣԼĿ±˱ȣҡͷ϶еġ
ʵ֪ҵԣԲˡ
ôˣ
Ů˲ˡÿô졣ϵ٩Ц⡣Ҷﳤһľڣʵô죿
ǧЦˣ˵ϵĴڲֻһϵİҲܶడҽԺкöġ
Ҷﳤ˾Ƹǧ橵ͷ˵ֻá
ǧһЦڹͷһڣ˵𼱣𼱣´νһ㡣
Ҷﳤ׵һǸ̰ƵµţȵģŻ
ܳɹǵһӡ
ҪȾ𣿡
ǧЦЦ׼ѼˣϴųɹߵЦݡ
ǰ𣿡
ѽһ㲻ҪףһԲеġ
ǧԼһʵʲô裿
Ҷﳤشమ
ֵķˮٴ죬಻γһ֧
죬װû죬Ҫô˵ټ
ǧ橵ĸʵֲʧִŴԣҶﳤֳ֮СǱеģȴģ·𴫴һۡ
һͣҶﳤ˵벻һλǰ
ǧüɫ裬˵ҵĲŻأԺְɡ
ҶﳤɻʣҲףô˵ĸ裿׸費
Ĺޣ˭⡣Һ̹ȻҶԵİȰ鰡ҵҪҪ˵ˣҪ֡
ģɱ˵ֲĻ
ǧ橷¼΢Цڱ˿ǿµģȴеġһˣܵ𺦣һѡȥҲʫһ˵ˣĿԻ
ҶﳤҡҡͷһĥŮˡ



03 ·Ϯȸ

ĳգ°ٿ»ᣬʮһ³Աһϡ̸ڵ
Ҷﳤһһ¶мӡΪ̨Ժؿ˹˾Թ˾һЩ˴ԲѪĳӽ˹ͣ¿Ա˰õȵȡЩٴڹ˾İȫȶ淢չȵȡ
ҶﳤǫһְԼһЩδ滮ύ»顣
ˣöԵ𶡵࣬Եеְ
󣬶ﳤȥҶﳤڻ˼¼УʵҶܣ°𣿡
Ҷﳤ΢ЦȻذɡ
ٴӦһûߣ˵Ҷܣ֪𣬶ڵʱҲһþòߡ
Ҷﳤһ˵ҲӰʲôͬ
վҶﳤ棬һ˫Ŀ˵˵ɫ˭Ҳһ̡ЦǺǵģʲôں
Ҳһ죬ЦҲһ죬ΪʲôЦأЦһЦʮ١㰡ģôһǳడ
ʶ˵ûаǳȴһһʯͷѹš
Ҷﳤúۡ
鴩Ź˾ȹõĸ͹£ŵĶŵʣǳͿеһĨ֮ɫ˷Ȥ̽ࡣ
ؼҰɣѵء
šˣҲذɡһڼҵԷء
ķ˰
ǹ˾еĽöлˡ
Ҳ𣿡
СѾͷЦҶﳤҲȤػؾһ䡣
һȣȥڨڨ˵ҵˡ¼У첽ſڣ߸ЬнطϸǣȹƨԲԲ̵ģתתϵһЩͷ
ջ۹⣬Ҷﳤһ̣Կʼæµһ̵ͷʱҲ¥һ鷳ء
¥ʱĺɫãһ˳ˡҪС·۵طס
ڣһƬʱû߼شڳһֳСͰҶﳤһɢһŨصζ
￴һĻҶﳤӦ죬һ⣬ӹһ١
һˣֳһˣҲͬĶζŨˡ
Ҷﳤæ㵽һҺȫϡҶﳤ뷴Ƕ˻һͷ·ϡһˡ
Ҷﳤ׷ۿǳʧǰ䴦ͣסӣ˵ҺΣȻĻͻȻϮʤ
صҽԺġһǶһҧǶСҹɵġ
ҶﳤĿӹ˵ʵʲô𣿡
ޱ˵Ӧǡ
˫һ˦µ⻹Ҫʲôݰ϶Ҫ˵˭㣬˭޲ȻǶСҹˡ
Ҷﳤۣ̾СħŮһء
Ҳ۾ٿ
һĿɬ˵˭ǴŮءһˣӵĨˡûаֵܣķϣŵɡ
ҶﳤѵһЦ˵򹷿ˡҲһǼƽϵġȴ룬ǴŮ٣ΪԼóЩһǻġôһʱըڣ˭֪ʲôʱԼը÷ء
ƻ裬ҶﳤСѲӣûһˣҲûǴке΢˽õ˼תһȦǳ⡣
հ֣Ȼ϶ǷĵЦ˭һ֪Ц塣
ҶﳤŲһ԰ٻдУķҷޱ泩չһǽͣͷһŮӹչһʱתˡ
ҶﳤһЦ˵ž٣ôãҲġ
Ӱһ۾˭ˣͨ죬һߡ
ҶﳤϣҲ׷Աߵһûµĳһ˵̸̸ɡ
Ӱԥһ£ڳϣľ룬·ж
ž٣˶ᱻġ
סҲЩɵŮˣŲĵ
Ҷﳤ[۾ӰĲ˵˵ˣ᲻ϳ֣֪ôƯŮأ
Ӱһһظû˵֪Ůֻ֪ںҵĹٳеûġ
Ҷﳤͷ˵ûѣҲѡ
Ӱߵʲô°
ӣҶﳤȻЦţЦеΣӰǲġǵǸɰСá
ԽԽǺÿԽԽ¡
ӰûΪж㡣
һţװǳɫģ˫޳ֱϥ˿У¶⻬˫ϥ
Ͽͷ˸βһʩۣ֬ȴ¡͸Ӣ
תͷӰ˶ԼƣܲӦ
ιҶģ϶ҡӰŭҾ㰡ɱҵ⡣ҶûȤ
ǺðûȤͱٸˡҪȥһŮӲȥĵط
ҶﳤЦվͷҲصˡ
ԶˣӰڵվҶģåҿĶȥ첽׷ȥ
ԶԶսһҿȹݣӰ󲽵ſڣ˿ϵƣֹ룬ڴΪصͷ£Ӱţġ
ʣŮʿλ
ˡ
ʲôʲô
øࡣ
ڷûʲôʱӰѾʼѰˡ
¥¥ת˺üȦҲҶﳤӰåѵȥˮˣ
ҪʱȴҶﳤЦſվţӴž٣ɰˣ̫Сˡ
ӰضҶﳤ޲
Ҷﳤһȥ˵һɡ͡
֣֪ģһ㡣
ûиҶﳤͷ˵ôģ𣿡
Ӱһ˼һ˵ҩɣ
ʲôҩ
Ǹå˵ʲôҩ
ҶﳤȻЦЦûͦģԼؾأȴǼ롣
Ҫ˿ȣҶﳤǣӰǡ
ǴӿйģҪԼסġҶﳤ͵
ҲǴӿйģҪԼԶסѵӡӰ䡣
һڣҶﳤ±ӣӰ˵ž٣ôãʲô
Ӱһʵҵʣʲô
ҶﳤһЦݣʿӡ
⻰Ҳ
㣬ΪʲôʩӣӰĿ絶
ҶﳤһЦʵָʲô
Ӱϼӣÿڱһһġ
ھƵ꣬ɵ¶
˵꣬Ӱͷȿȣ쿴һĻ̫ˡ
֮˵Ǹİ׽ǰȥһ컹ġ



04 Ů޳

ӰʣҶﳤ̩Ȼ˻ش𣺡Ůֵ¶ġǿϵ
Ӱü˵Ļء
ҶﳤһȻʣΪʲôţ
Ӱһ˿Ʒȣһ˵˾ûһö
Ҳ̫˰ɣ˾ˡ
ãȲ˵󣬾˵ɡʩô¶϶ġӰ±ӣĿ罣Ҷﳤ۾ǴЦǰˣƭȡΣĿƭƭɫҪӣҲԹ۵ġ
Ҷﳤʼ磬һ޹ӡ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôȫһƲ⣬û֤ݵġ
ݼãӦȥԱ
ûϷ˵滰
αӡ
زҶﳤһӰѾǶԳ˵ıˣͲ
㵽ôֱ˵ɡ
ݼãҲ취Ҵġ
ˡ
һץסİѱҾ͡Ӱû˵ȥ
ҶﳤЦ[[ضòľʵ
ӰһЦЦֺ𿧷
ĥı飬ŷḻѶʹҶﳤãԼаѱؿǹԼԴ뵽ˣһ
ʩӽôģΪĽ𣿡
ȻǡӰŵˣҵһҾһĿ꣬ǾˡÿԻ˵ʱҾһǹΣ˼䡣˵ֱǹΣҶﳤһ۲[촽žһƺѽһˡ
̬дżֿɰУ͸Ĺâ˵Ҷﳤ֪ǿЦ
ҶﳤرҲǻ˰Ǻˡ
Ӱ΢΢ƫͷбߵĸ˶˵ԼǺ˵ġ
̾ͷȿȡĿ͵ض·Ҫҵ֤Ƶġ
˰ɣ㻹ƻķӣҲǱ֮Էȥ˸ȥĵطҲ⡣һԵ֮ɫѾӡ
Ҷﳤ̧ͷ죬һĿЦ֪˵ʲôˡѾͷģѾˣ뷨Сӣѹûں˽ģԼ˵ʲôԼǸ֮£վ
ܣûš
Ҷﳤ̨ʣӰԼǷǮϣ˵ҲǮ
Ϊʲô
¡
Ҷﳤ˿ȵ꣬Ӱں߸šҶﳤߵÿ죬Ҳ죻ҶﳤҲͣҲͣӼ°ͣ۴ӣмӡ
ֱӰӡ
һ죬Ӱڸϰţ°ţȥԷţŮҲšɰҶﳤˣ˵ž٣Ҿ㰡ٸңҺˡ
Ӱ촽һᣬƤ˵ӡ
ûӣҶﳤϽˡ
һΣҲ˶ĵطӰӽҲ
Ҷﳤںͷû¶ˣӰһָıӣ˵ɫƨɡ
˺ᡣ
ԱӦ
ҶﳤӰ¶ʤЦݣĿЦˡҶΪѾֻýŵĨͣΪϲߡȻĻЩŭڻͷ
ܳԶܵȫشҶﳤһڴͷԽԽӰǿЦϵļһŤһŤģĿѾЦò[һˡ
ҶﳤüӰҪǸٸңҾͲˡ
Ӱ̧ͷ죬ű̿ϴƶ䣬˵
Ҷﳤ˵ʩ͊ͣžܱܲôң
Ӱһ뵽߳ܳ棬ٶǸĲ;Һ״·ŵǹζŭ
ҪٸҶһָͷҾǹ㡣
ӰķӦҶﳤľ˲ɱҶﳤ̽뿪ȥ˴鱨
ҶﳤĽܣѵõ¶һ˿ЦݣһЦ
ֵܰ˲椡ھӿǳĺԸڵåŮģ˵Ϳǹ̾Ϣô˵ɣͬǻзˣľִǽִǹ
Ҷﳤһ˵¶ȻҪǹ
Ȼһ˿ƵĿ
¶ִ壬ɱӡԭץֻҪ̼ļһץʱֱӱˣǰӶСҹ¾ͱǱӳĹ
Ҷﳤһ૵˵ΪʲôôأΪʲô
Ӱû꣬ڴΣ˴ʮûٰ˾ʹ֡ûãһȻʡҪôɱǷôֻһĸӳأƳû⡣
Ҷﳤ˼ӰӣԼйء
ķӦȤͷĴԴŴЦЦëȻ
ֵܰһˡ椿ˡ͵ְɡ
磬Ҷˣ㻹˵Ц
û˵ЦҪû㣬ôﰡ
ڿɳˡ
ɶģڸв֪Ҫǲ޸ĻҲû취
Ҷﳤһץס֣ʲôӣ
һ࣬µһΣʲôˡ
Ҷﳤ̾һ˦֡
Ů㲻ǲֻ֪ҪȥˬˣͶ˳ˡо仰˵ţ󼦰һᣬ̫ƽ
⻰ҶﳤЦáٻ쵰åҲʦıŮһ°
ʩӽ֪ҲǺЦЦôãǧġ
ѽ治иŮ㵱ڣǶ°ءҲ˵Ҫ㵱ýˡ
ôǸһһǻôһĶûСӰɿڿ˵Ҫ㣬㱻ƭƭɫ˵˵ô¶
ʩӽסЦ˵
ӰǸֵŮӣھһѶûУأСһˣˡ
ҶﳤһԻӣʩӽ˵һֱ贫Ǹͬ
𣿡
Ҳ˵
ʩӽܾã̫ĺޣû⡣İɱĸסһʧȥ׵ˣȻͱˡÿγսܲǰߣﷸƽԼʧʵһֲɱ˺Ǻܴġ
Ҷﳤ絶ʣﰵУҺҶԲǹףǰһġҪΪ֮޴Ĵۡ



05 ƺ

Ҷﳤ绰˵ӳǱӺȾơ
ͷ֪ˡ
ûµĻȥɡ
õġ
ûжʣˬӦš
µ绰ҶﳤյĽǳ⡣£Լٲˡ
ϣһҾƵİơǽԲȡƱЦһĵġͼеȵÿ԰ڻˡ
ҶǱĿѼǺϵ𻪵ĻȣڵĶ
ͷҲ
ҶﳤıԱΧһȦƱյŨ¶ǣѪӿ죬緢ƽַߣﶼԳˡ
ʣͷɶӰǳԷ
Ǹɵôã˿ǣǸ칦
ͷߣͷɡҪͷ쵼úãûʲô
ҶﳤЦ˵С۾㲻ǣƤӣһҲһ
˴ЦЦС۾е㾽ҲЦţתӣ˵
ｻЦһȡھƾ£һع۷죬ͷôʹˡ
ȵʱм˽ͷӶȻˣ˵ͷһȥһְɣ͡
ʲô
иط¿һҹꡣ椺ġ
Ҷﳤһ֣˵ҲȥˡǺúһ¡ҳ
һڣֳա
ҡͷ˵Ҳȥ
һﻶϲصˣֻʣˡ
գôȥ
᲻Ȥ
ҶﳤȤŴīЦ㲻±ǰ˰ɣĿ
ҡͷЩˣҲٽӴŮˡ
Ҷﳤһʵôӣ
ճ˵¶ûһɡ
һ±һΪոϾƣʵͷ°
ҶﳤƱʵô֪
ն˵һֱЦţܸо£һ㲻ġдԷҲ鲻ðɣ
Ҷﳤͷ˵գ
ǰͣػζӰȥڵ⽻
ɽװͰ͵ӣԼиġ뵱ӰǶôֵŮӣٿ񣬳ھˣǹɱ˵ı仯Ԥϡ
ԼһƬ飬һԼãԼܾˣûϧԱһܿǶôѵõһŮӡʱⲻܵ²֣޷ֲˡҲֻڽһ㲹ˡ
Щ¶ڣͷҲˡҶﳤп
ȥ˾ǹȥˣЩɡܻзաҪܸԼϾԶᷳȥġֻҪ˻ţͻϣġհο
ҶﳤͬʵգһѰɣ
һ˴ƶɣ˵ʱ򶼲ˣûžΪܿ࣬ŻкءһǻˣΪһҵΡҵĺҪҡ
ҶﳤԼĹ¡
˽˼˵ǵʱһرɳĮԵĺȵĶˣǾˡһʱûǣе˰Χţһ̣ǲ֪£µǵϣ۳١֮£ʲô¶ɣʲôóԡΪ˻ţֻðԼˡ򡢺ѪǸ⡣ˣɽҰޡ֮Σй˵һ̾Ϣ̾Ϣ˸кͳأҶﳤԼҸˡ
Ҷﳤıˣ˵ȻẢӣôأ
׳һ𣬻شˡӣһƵĲ֭°ϡڶ˱ʱҶﳤǸ첲ڷǺķӦ
϶һαˣǽյ˿ڡһ˲䣬ҶﳤͻȻԼˡ
ˣգЩˡǺȾưɡƣͬųáȥ˯һһ졣
˵ıֱ죬ϵЦٶȳ֡еĲ֮¶ˮûˡ
ƵʱҶﳤеˡձȵû࣬Ȼ̩ɽɣͷʧ飬·Ǿ˵ˡ
Ҷﳤͷ˵סҰͻȥ
ջش˵һϳɡ
˳⳵հ͵ҽԺſڣ˳ʵͷȥ
ҶﳤƮƮģе
û¶Һܺã㿴һ·ء
ջӻ֣ҡҡλεҽԺš
ֱ˴ţϳȥ
ҽԺĴҶﳤҵ·ضС¥ȥߵϴοͣûˣġϴοޡ̼Ļ棬ҶﳤĿһӱɹŰӺۡ
ȻصԼķһɣ˶ƣҲû˯⣬˷ܵúܣġ
ʱ䣬ʱǧǲġҲܽûءġ
˻ʿ壬ﷴǴ֡رϺõˮȫ
ܺãһŮʿˣɫʿñʿȹᣬ˯ģҪ˶
Ǵ۾ʵҶﲻ
Ҷﳤͨ죬һĿǴϺѲ˵±߲㿴ء
ǴһȻ֧ߡûмģİĻţǿ򶨵˵βˡ㻹취ɡ˵תߡ
Ҷﳤһסĸ첲˵߰Ҳġ·
Ǵһק첲һߴں˵ʲô
Ҷﳤͷѵġ
˭֪ЩʿǸɸҵġǮҶ㡣
ǴȻ첲ͷ˵ҶˣҲġ㲻ұ˰ɡ
Ҷﳤ崿һ§˵ҳˣˬġûг㡣룬𼦰һˬ˵ġ
ǴüôſңҶҲʹš
ҶﳤķӦŵڴϡǴ˫ֻ˵ҶҾͺˡ
ĲԸ⣿
ҲԸ⡣
˯Ͳ˯𣿡
Ǵҧ촽˵ٴθ㣬ҲС㡣ŭӣֶֽˡ
Ҷﳤ˿Цˣ˵ǲǸǸģһ²֪˵Ǵȥ
ǴŵֱУҺҶﳤƺٻ˵֮ǰʱǱҶﳤӺ߱ס
ŤģԸоСƨɱһӶšǶӲӡ
ӣҰŪ𣿡
ôŪ
Ҷﳤܵ§ϸϸԼСƨϣܸоֽգԲֽʵڵءϱĥͱģִִ˼֡
ȷſңһкǴͰ͵ذ
ҶﳤһɣǴСóһ֮زز



06 ۺ

ҶﳤײײصſڣһƣտյѻȸСŮ粻Ӱˡ
ѾͷˣˣʲôС㣬ƭСӰɡмСĻԼСأϾвʲô¶
ţصԵǵǵ
ͬһʱ䣬Сҹŵ绰һƻ
ﶭ£ô˻أСҹŮ˵Ц
Сҹ𣿡
Ҳûʲô£Ǹðƻɵô
ȵһ£Ҹĵط
֮󣬵绰Ǳûˡ
ιСҹСҹ
ء
СҹվһĴǰһֳŵ绰һߴԼ
˯֮ǰ䡣
ڴǱغڷ촽ˡεϺƽһ˫Ŀģ鶯áϴźɫ˯£Ųǹˣǰϲű¶ʱֱˡ
žԼʱ΢ЦţԼòͦġҪϸ˭ǶСҹһƯڼСá
СӸɵûͦء
ʲô°Ϳҡײƭɹƭ
СҹԾԼ˻ͷɫĶ̷˦˦ŤŤǰ˫ϼջ㡣
ﶭڵ绰ﱨҶﳤ̨Ժľٴ룬öСҹóԾ˵ģӾȻþӪСˡ
СŪһӣǸСþ佱·ʰţҹջһںţ˵ʽҪȫһλö˶ӡ󶼸ĹˡöҵҪǺء
Сҹ[˲[Ŀһ˵ϹèӰˡǸѧļһ
Сӽһݷչ棬ݶˣ˵ͦдġҪãҲ︴ء
֢ڣôЦСҹ¶ֻЦݡ
СҶ֪Щ¶ӡԽԽˡ
СҹһŶһʵǼ֧Ԯҵģɲܷ鰡
ǰǰҿ϶վϵġǼɲ˵ˡҿǿҶﳤ񶼲һˣԽԽԼˡ
СҹĿ¶⣬ʵôģѱ䣿Ҳǰְļ̳ˣ
пܡ
⻰ͬڶСҹͷϺһǣúۣҧгݣһѪӿϣһֻˤȥˤ顣
ιιСҹ𣿡
ءСҹ˵úջֶ
ҽ㰡뷨ӷ̣ôȥöãĽɽȹˣٲɶҡˡ
š
ǾͺãСҹȥһͷϵ
Сҹµ绰̲סһҵǽֱˡ
ҶﳤСӣҲùġҪʰ㣬ʧȥһС
ٿˣѾͨ죬ˣһͷĸǡ
˫ץͷԲĿе˵Ҫ㡣
ǻ˼ȦСҹ߽ǽϰһť
һһ£ͷ˵ôˣСʲôԸ
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Сҹۣϴ˵㣬˵ĻǷƨ𣿡
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ޡҪбİ취ҽƨ͸ңҵģ
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СҹٺһЦ˵Ǿͺáˣһúġȥɡ
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Сҹתңٴվӡ
⿪˯¿ӣ˯Ƥɵ䵽ϣһߴˡ
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˼赸չǧ˰̬˫ֲپֹһĦ̽
˵Ҷﳤһس¶ûΡ
뵽ûǴʵźٿ±ߣϸߣսǿ
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ҶﳤͦĴڣ־ؿˡ
§Żʿ˯ˡʱѴûΡ
һǸʿҲˣϽ·´ʱˤϡһʹﰥӴԼ˵ԼҪ٣ٵڼ죬±׵ú
֮Ҷﳤ򿪴ˬģ͵ܳ
ȥ칫ġڲԣ֪æʲô
վʵֵ¶ʱҶﳤӦİ칫ҲŶԡ
Ҷﳤ΢Цġ
һͬɳϣúܽ
ĸ磬һţרŸ뾯ظùϵ
Ŷһʵôģ
Ҳ֪ĸ磬˾ҪɺãҪ֧Ԯ
ǵǡҪǣǴ粽С꿿ŴȨǻûЩھѶˡ
԰ôһţɱģǹǵġ
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Ҷﳤ˵ҵ˼ǳһᣬԱķӡЩķӿȥʽֿԽõ߳ɻ塣
һ𣬴㵵ؿҶﳤ޵ðһáֻͶǸ⡣
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ȻΪǸùϵΪṩǮͶ϶СˡΪСûãģƾĿǰ״㰡
ж˾ʲôҲˡǰʽó˼ңǲʵҲ档ˣһ񲿡
˼ǡ
Ʊ׬Ǯ
ĵ̲ΪȻԭһΪҪй˾ծء
˾ӣ·ͨҪͨƱ׬Ǯ
룬˵ڹĶͽһʼҪ׬ǮܶƱ𣿡
Ҳ֪ĸǶƱġ
һ֣˵Ƥëѡڵʱ򣬸ѧЩ治ãܵ˵ûϡ
ˡĸ縺ţҵ㿴ô
û⣬ܲ׬ǮҿûաԼԡ
Ҷﳤÿɷ˵ԡ
ҪùƱ׬Ǯ칺Ĳʽ𣿡
԰ɣҲûס
ܾԾ԰ɡҪǹ׬ǮĲɾˡ
֪зʲôζܵԳһԡ
ãǾ԰ɡ
¶Ҷﳤʰͣ¥ȥϰࡣ
һҽԺţͿӰվڶ£š߹תһߣװʶ
Ҷﳤ˺ߣ΢ЦϺãž١
Ӱֻһ̧ͷ죬ػҶﳤ˾ȥʱӰż׵ľˡ



07 һ

궭»ᣬҶﳤ֧̣Ȼ¥ؼҡʮףúβͣͷһӰɫװ˶Ьʵӡ
ֵעŻɫıظǹĹӿӿɽ壬·ʱƵı仯˿ڸԡ
ҶﳤͣӰҲͣҶﳤ룬ȥ
Ӱ˫һתһĿŶդû
ҶﳤҲ˵ֱӰĸʵظƺҪˮ
Ӱ۾Ҳ֪ڸʲôܵؽ·˫ϣյ˵å
ҶﳤȻĴɫǣĿϣ˵ž٣˵ٴˣҰΣյġ
ӰҲתЦҲ˵ҶһָͷҾͷ㡣Ŀĸ¡
ҶﳤûЦ˵Ҳôҵĵ˺ܶ࣬ۡһ˵㣬ǾͲˡ
˹õĿһʱԼҶﳤǵĽˡ
Ӱ⣬Ϊ⻰Լֺã¶һ񣬡İɡӰåԶǺڰߡ
˵ϣҶﳤҲûӣԼ·Ϥɡ
ʱڲԶˡȴˣէľٿգƹһͰɫڸʵʵǸһҪꡣ
Ҷﳤӿ˽ŲǰǸ߸ߵΧǽǽʲôҲһƬƽкüͬŴﾲĵģΪǲǨûסˣ͵һΪƽˡ
һͬʱСʮʮͳ˶̵ģˡ
ɷһ㣬Ҷﳤ
ⲻԤ֪ķΧ⣬ҶﳤԸֺãûܣöղȭţԡ
˫ҪӴʱӰǹ
ҶﳤϸֻûõˣѾںǹˣԼ׼
书ٸߣҲ²˵οǹúǰ
ҶﳤȾܣǹ𣬻ҵģȻǶ˿ǹǳתͷȴӰɱǹԷ̻
һƬǹУӰĸյģһǹǹġ
ӴһУӰļҲǹѪʳ
״Ҷﳤļ٣ʱ䣬ѾܡԷʣµһѷ䳯Ҷﳤӿȥٶȼ졣ҺǵĿҶﳤȻӰ׶༪١
ӰۼɱǺУǿǹģԼʵڶԸˡ۳ҶﳤսһͬʧˡЩɱָ׷ᣬҲ֮ˡ
żҶﳤʹжһĹ۵㣬һһʡԼˡֻΪ룬ʱпõļֵ
Ӱ˲˿ڣһ߳ͬУһõ绰֧Ԯ
ȵ˺ͬ֪Ƭƽ򵥣ӶһߣûʲôԵı־ͬڶ࣬ݺύ棬Թһ㡣
ӰȥˣԴ͡һͬãȻʱǰߵĵֳһǰɱ֡
ҲһԻȻҲĿꡣһӰ׷׾ٵɲֽš
ҪƽʱӰǣǹԼˣֻˡ
Ӱٶȣǰɱֺܿ׷ѾǵĴԸоͷŵĺˡ
Ӱһҧͣסӣƴ
һ𣬺ֲڣ
˻ͷֻ·ڳһɫˣӶǺġһͷͷչţȫ¶ļĴ󲽶šֽУ˲
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ЩǹߴΪţһͬ˵Ӵ󣬿Ƕ㣬ǰںģûǹ
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ǹ󣬾˰ͷУضɽҡģɱ
һɱյ˵Ĵȣ̧ȥߵɱؿϣһ֪˼ͷ
ɱֲҽһ߰ԶžһˤڼӲĵϣѪˡҲ֪ûС
һûɫ
һЦƽɱ־๥
һȭɱͷ䡣ɱּŶ㿪¡һ죬ȭͷҵأҳһߡ
һˣŵӵ˵Ա˼ҵˮǽȥ
һԴȥҪϣǻк飬ؼʱ͵ع䣬һˮǽϡֻõһ𣬻һǽΣȻ¡̳ߡ
ûа֣һץסǸ˵ĺӣ׳ȥ

ŲҺ˳ȥʮףҺˤһɳϡҲˤֹߺѽѽĲ֪ĸˡ
Щŵֱˡ
޺ǣɱȺȭߡ
ЩûһӿϣΧĵס
޺һһȭȥһϣѪڵֱƤƵģӴӴֱС
һ߳ȥһ˱ϰգѽѽģ֫裬Ȼߵķݵڵϡ
ɵˣɫ
ҵ谡𣿡
콫ɡ̫аˡ
̫ˡ
мճȥ˹Ц˫ץһͨЩӣȫš黨Ĵӡ
̣ӰĿɿڴ񿴵ӰһһΪԼǴԽʲôϷȥˡ
޺ϴ׷ģͬһϴθˣȭͷôĴô֣̫ˡЩɱҲܹרѵģҲͨˣǰһغ϶Ӧˣ̫ˡ
֮£ԼƽʱĹֵ̫һˡҪı£ֻһ룬ǹˡץ˵Ļ϶ץһһ׼ġ
Ŷ𣿿϶ˡ
Ǳߵľ޺ҪϾɱʱͬߴԶԽԽ
ӰһԼ˵ˡ
޺һתͷ·ȥ
Ӱ׷ʵ˭ʲô֣
޺û˫ȱţ䣬㲻ˡ
Ӱģ첽׷ȥģĺͬﶼյģûӰ
޺ķɣӰ𵴣ҵ
ȵϵʱЩɱ伣ˡ
ѼӰѪȾ򣬶ѯӰʱŸоʹǰž˵ӰӺףҲ˧
˵ҶﳤԭҽԺʱ춼Ѿˡù󣬻صԼķ䣬ղŵĴɱ¼ľġҪӰʱһɤӣҪɹЩɱ֣Լȡʱ䣬ʹԼ˳ѣܿԼʬͷˡ
¶ԼӰܣﴺڡ
ûãǸҩһóˡĿһֻѿɸˡϵѪҺԽԽȣȼһŻʹ
ʱҪŮˡʺϵȻ䡢ʩŮʩԶǧ橰ɡ
ȥʵţӦ˴ǧ橵Ϣ˵һ첻ǧ橵Ӱˣ֪
صҶﳤȺüˮˮϴĵѵҪһʿ֣ɣвĻʿɱˣûʲôĻɫȻǸС椣ǸС㣬ȴҪװøɡ
ҪȥްɣУͨˣܡҪǸعˣŲǺ鷳
һű߿ˣһײֳּ⵶һҶﳤؿڡ
Ҷﳤæһͷëһһ㡣
˵Ǵˡ
ʲôҶﳤһߺˣһʵ
ģɱ㡣
ëŹļ⵶ٶ
Ҷﳤšϥǰϣڸ߷ͣӦëҹԽԽþաһǿɲһСå֮죬֮֮ͣ׼˵ӡ
ǵӴ̡ࡢ磬ÿһɱڣҪҶﳤþɳϵƵƵգһСģ󱻻ƣѪȪӿǳĿ
ѪҶﳤԺɱһץסëյһѸضסëĺ˫ֽоëĵžصڵϣһѪ죬Ȼǲ԰ףҺѡ
Ҷﳤ漱ˣȵģɱң졣
ëＷңúܲҡ
Ҷﳤŭëֱۣ֫ţ۳Ҫˡ
ʱһСʿܽ龰ʧɫҶﳤȭߡģеſְ
ҶﳤûͷҲ֪˭ˡ



08 滨

ҶﳤˣȻСŮǴˡ
ѻëŭعʱ֪Ҫ¶Ҫֹˡ룬˲ɣˡ
ǴСҶﳤǿ׳ˣѡòҷʹ˴ջ󣬰ɱͷѸתйҰԡ
ҶﳤſëץסǴ¶Ȼһ˺ȫ䣬˫󳨿ʱй¶һϵµİۼˮֻӣں˿ֵİ£ֳһι¶ٲԲģ͵ģӨ񣬹⻬ɡ
Ǵ˲״ʧʲôæڣɣɶơ
ҶﳤƽһЦȻǰϵ¸ˡ
ǴԵ̽ٹҪˡ
뺰ܺˡ
һˣŹغãҶﳤ[۾Цû˴ˣǿԾظɺ¶ˡ˵Ǵȥ
Ǵѻëȥëһϲɫʰ𵶣ٶȶҶﳤ¶һҵŮˣ
ҶﳤһҲ£Ц˵㲻ҵĶ֣ٸҶ֣һϴһٸ۾
ëĶҡˣ粻
ߣŮ¡
ëת飬Ȼڿ
ǴĴ𣬿ֻŵŮѣ㲻Ҳܡ
ëתͷ˵ʱˣҪ󶼲Ӧߣҡ
Ǵ﷢ߵ˵˵˻𣿡ֻùͷǰڣҪվסˡ
ëɫԥһƿſȥǴҪ޳
ҶﳤĿڶתЦ
ëҶﳤʱȻת⵶Ҷﳤԣ
һ͵ϮϢҶﳤȴϵͬʱУһԷõһƻԷԴǵʯ¶ë⧲أð⣬˻վȣֱˡ
Ҷﳤعһߵһ̤ϡë޷
Ǵͻ׼Ŀˡ
ëϢ˵㲻˵ҪŹ𣿡
ҶﳤݲٺЦҸᣬȴõɱңһôɵطŹ𣿡ģԱ
Ҷһԣҿбˡ
ҶﳤȻһЦ˵ǾԣӲҵĽӲëʳѪϳ˿־֮顣
㣬Ҫɱҡë
Ǵ״æǰ۵ѣһҶﳤĸ첲˵ҶˣҪɱǸˡ
ҶﳤЦʹˡ
ãҿԲɱϼëĺˡ
ǿллˣҶǴЦݡ
ҶﳤȻţջëԴһߣߵҽѪĿֱһ
ǴŵֱУʵˣ
Ҷﳤջؽţشûֻιȥˡ
Ǵһؿ˵ǿ˰ɣ
ߣС
㻹ҪŪˡ
Ҷﳤµؿ˵ɱ˳ǷծǮᵶɱңҪұ´ûˡ԰ҵñһɱ㲻ǹУҲ뱲
ǴѹĿëĲΪҳġͲܴЩһ𣿡
һ˵ɰ㿴ҵ֣ҪҷӦ㣬ҵСͽˡҶﳤϵ˿ڣһƬ
Ǵë֣ϵµģ˶֮顣
ǴǸùҲΪ㡣ڿˡ˵Ҷﳤſȥ
Ǵɻʣʲôȥ
ҶﳤͷһЦ˵ҵķ䣬ܲ쵰һֱȥɣȥǰ̧ȥɵҲû˹ܡſڣţҪ
ǴϽҶˣҪĿʪˣҶﳤ޻
ʲôҪ˵𣿡
ȰŹϡ
ҶﳤغţǴͨһ£ۺᣬͲ޳ˡ
ҶﳤܵС֣С޹ǣ֬ƴˮ
·Խ󳨿ּ鹵򣬺۷Ź⣬Գϰɾͺ¶
ʲô˵椵ֲš
ӡˡǴɲɵһæ֣ں½󣬿Ᵽһ롣
С椵زװʵҶﳤ⡣һСôôҪôҪôȥС㣿
Ҷ㡭㲻ҪšŹɡǴͷڰ˵
ΪѰ룬õɱңҽŹƽϣ˭֪Ժ᲻ٴɱأԵʴȣǶԼ̡
Ǵ˵֪Ϊѣұ֤Ȱ˵ͷǴŵü΢ŵĴӣǳʯĳҲữƶ䡣
Ҷﳤװԥӣ̾ǴͷģתȦģޱȳءǴĿıݡ
ҪǷŹĻôأЦ[[ʣĿͷһ㣬ϺɨɨȥɨǴֱëʶغһ
Ǵ룬˵ҪǮˡ
ҶﳤҡͷܾôãǮһ𣿡
ҪʲôҸ򡣡
Ǯ򵽵Ķûֵ
㾿Ҫʲô
ǴһӴҶﳤĿ⣬æ㿪۾Ҹӡ
Ҷﳤ߽һ˵ǴʶҲһˣӦÿóҶȤǴҿ쵰ȣΪʲôҪɢǣаϣҰлʿʵ㡣ʲôѵ˵ˣǳЦ
Ǵ૵˵ӱ֪ʲôҪϲҵĻҪ׷ңҲõҺ˲СҿɲŮӡ
⻰ҶﳤЦЦһС˾˵ԼˣЦˡ
Ҷﳤȥָ°ͣһ崿ġġ״ëţӯӯģ˭˭
װɵǴҿ֪һܴˣ˵ĻҲϲ㣬ϲ...ϡ㣡
Ǵָ˵Ҫǿ¶ҾӦ
ҶﳤһƳϵλ˵ѵ˼ˣ
ǴŽµĻëѪܵӣȻؿ꣬滨μǼ鶯ӣʹ뽫ڻú۰һ
ȱæſްҲôˣǿ̸̸
Ǵ޵øҭҭ˵㶼Ҫǿˣʲô̸ġҪؼȥ
ҶﳤҪЦ˵ҲҰˣǿ㡣СӵҲˡһǰ͵ȥĵطɣʡޱӡֳſȥ
ǴеҪҪ
Ҷﳤϲͬ𣿡
Ǵ͵ͷ˵˲¶ұĶԴӦ㡣
ãɽ
ҶﳤˬӦţһָԼĿɡ¡һɽˡ



09 ƬƬ

һĶǵĻһҹĲһŮˡһѪܵڵϲһоɫһŮۣӡҡµģҼ
ɣǴʼˡҶﳤָԼɲҪƿˡ
ҲҪҲ롣Ǵܵʼ磬Ų
ҶﳤЦѵõǸ쵰ε⻰ħа
Ǵһ۵ϵѣҧҧѵаŲӡ
ܺãǸԺӡų
Ģ́ͷ˵ĸ£𵴡ڶԷв£֣ؽ⿪ӣǶ޳˳ߣӣ׵߸ߵ֪緢ż
һհʹ񴥵֡
ҶﳤСְڰӣЦ㰲ο
Ǵղסֻ˫աŪʱƤȴʹǸ÷ϵĴͷֻ±ȼɡ

Ǵûӣ潡һš
Ҷﳤ[۾һӡ
Ǵ£
ǴŵǶɧζü
Ҷﳤͷߴٵ찡ʲô
崿ľСͨͨģԪͣ˵ȥ
Ǵ˵ĶҶﳤˣ͵زǴʤִĶҭֱᡣ
ٲҿɾ͸ˡ
ǴΣŪǳ׾СС죬˶ĶڳԾ͵㳦һһȥ䣬ҶﳤŴֱС
ͷء϶ҲԹ˵Ķ
һίǴ³ӣǶϴøɸɾˡ
˵£ǴŶģɨһ¹ͷƵһ£ֱлһɨ˱ϵؽлеøߵŵúô۾ˡ
һɨۣɨ񾭶йǱըˬҪһйעˡٵͷ崿ߴ裬ٿӣС죬İڶ˷񰡡
һĻУʹϵĻëſۣŬ̧һͷƼŮѸ漦ءŮʱʱŪ˵ʱӣڼž֮Уϸ΢ͷڼϵ֮
Ǹ͵Ĺģûëۺ졣崿ŮѶǸ͵ķ֮棬֮ܵðɡļУŮѴûôľط̹Լ
ͻ䣬ëιȥҶﳤʼһжˡ
Ҷﳤ͵ǴԴ󷢣ѱ㽫ºȹ˺ˣ¶ֻµ塣
ǴΪ֣ʲô㲻˵
ҶﳤЦҲû㰡۾ӣ
СʿֻһƯҲһģϸߵѵõβƽ棬Ƿǳϡ
ӺֲģɫĽڿýش״¶ˣԵһСꡣ
ҶﳤɴǴ˴ϡǴ˫ֱڣ˵㲻ʳԡ
ҶﳤĿǴɨ˵ûʳءȥһ˺תۼ䣬Ǵһ˿ˡ
ǴУһأһסˣȴȫڣζŰ򣬵ѣջ
ҶﳤܲˣץǴֿȣ﷼ïʢˣʹֿȣҲֻһ̺졣
ǴȥҶﳤƵһߣȥʼŰŮشˡܴ˴̼Ǵ̲סˡ
͵ĻëĶҪˣ죬˵УУǷվۿŮѱĵط
Ҷﳤֻÿһ񾭶ڿЦ椵̫ˣ⡣
岻ûζһءҲ֪ģΪġ촵촽ͷ̽ҧһֶζóˡ
Ҫﳹ׷
Ǵ˫ִͷܿˣ˫ַͷϣǹϴ߳ܣ͸ˣ̲סŤӺߺǲˡҲſʱ
ҲҪҲҪ
һ±һգɧʧˡ̧һƣѾѹ·Цͦӹˡ
ԣ˵ƨ
СŮµġ
ҲǣҲǡ
Ǵ۽˸⣬һ߱һҪܡ
Ҷﳤһ˵ѹģǸëС
Ǵʹţ㣬ŹҰɡҲҪʧ
ЦһŮʧ𣿡Ҷﳤӵϡ
ҲǼŮˡ
ҶﳤٺЦ˵Ǿʵ֤ɡ±߶ʪˡֻмŮôаˮġƨһͷѾ׽СѨˡ
Ǵܼ飬ŤŤְ߸ϳȥˡ
Ҷﳤܴ̼ٶȶ׼Ѩڣ͵һȥһڣǴ۵ֱУ˫ƾ
ķ˳嶯ƨһ˲롣Ǵҽһر۾žӨ۽˳Ķˡ
һУͳ׸ɽСѨŮΪһ塣Ǵӽϴȴһ˿˿ѪĿģǴİƨϡ
һ壬ʹëҲˣΪһֱõıñ˵õˡŮñ˸ɵˡ
Ҷﳤû¿ֻǴᣬһʹģΪϷ±ߵСüܲ͸磬ˬԣʹΪںС±߻ܱôĪƽʱȥ
϶·ǼŮҶﳤʲôǵģȫϧ֮ģ±ߵһµسšЩƣ֮ˮ࣬ˡ
ſഺŮϣҶﳤһ߸еʣһ߹ۿŮı顣
Ůǽüͷ˫ޣǹһҶﳤٶȼӿ죬ɵ±ֱʱǴüͷ棬ʹ񶼱ˣڱǷءŵȫʹѶˡ
ҶﳤȤ˵⣬ǼŮڱʱװ崿ӣ˭ϲĵЩʿУĿ࣬ɣ
һ뵽ǸǧӣҶﳤҪ
Ҷﳤıƣ˫ֳ࣬ǿز׮һǿ׳ǴҽУпҲԴҶţӼĿȴţëϻأҺ죬һ㶯ˡ
˵ӣȻҲӯӯգְԲģӿϱߵͷǷۺɫģԡ
ҶﳤΪС椲أװҲװǲ֪ͷôŮġ
ҶﳤʱԲеʻҪлʱ޻ҡҡˡۺͷӲˡ
Ҷﳤôߣſ̡



10 ȷѪ

һ˵ҽԺסˣȻǲˣǱֲ֢ĥĿߡҪô˵ȱɶȱǮɶвءҲ⣬ĵҽԺסľͲȫǻˡ
ЩûҲҪҽԺƣеĸɴߡǣ֣ɣвܻӭΪʹۡڽڸȻǲͨܳܵġסĶͨˡ
ĺôǣвĲҲָܿġĵĻʿ鵤ҩǸβǿұ찡
˿̵Ҷﳤڷѵġ鵤ҩءȽʿǴǲ˰Ϊ˵ϲʱؽšǲƵġ
ҶﳤſǴϣӲظţѨ
һӵڸţСѨӦŵļһˣýģ㹻ˮĥϣ㹻۳ңõĵԸսʹҶﳤС
±ڶϱҲûֻֽһ԰ͷţĺڱ任ɰߵ״˵ͱ⣬˵ͳʱĥ棬ʱ棬ͷŹˣָУ˱ģòֺ
·Ǵܵ˰Ťߣ糺죬ѣС췢۰ᡢ㰡
Ҷﳤ֡
һɫСѨǼƷҲǼƷ
״ԲԲ⣬һաԼѣһͣ˿ץԡ
СѨܻˡĹ£ȫԿÿһУֵ䡣
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ŹҰɣܲˡ
һŮҶﳤ˱
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ζָӡ߰ߣͷҶﳤʪʪģģӲӲġ
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ҲǼŮǺùǴɫ񣡡
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СʿβסҡڣСѨҲ˸ͼҶﳤ˿˿ģһ͵һҲƲסˣ˫ֺƨ⣬ˡ
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֮ʣҶﳤסŮĺ촽Ǵ德Σһ·˰ۣ޵ȥ
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ңǴƨɺ̫ˣȻͷСƨ۲ššţȻԸĸȴһϮͷĿѣûζ
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СŮװɣͷ˵ġ
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СⶴôһްԣʾһʡڼУףˬֱУòʱͣ¼룬Ȼٸɡ
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Ҷﳤ촽˵Բˡ
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Ҷﳤһ洩·һʹˣһ棬ȫǼŮǣΪʲô
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˵ԼҲһоˣҲŮƾĿ⣬ҲӦжϵð˾ŲʮΪʲôǴأˣҹ˶ԹޡԲʧȥı
֪ŮĻҸղӦúúôЩôڳҹĹӦûùһЩֻ±˵úˣҲûˣѾԼõǸ򣿻...ɴཫʹ
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ŪĶȥˣ
ģ˵ġ
Ҷﳤغţ§ڻãгʤߵĿ֡
㲻;˰ɣ΢
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ǾͺáǴɫһЩ
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ǴҪŤҪҶﳤýġ
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ҵӦˡ
ҶﳤҪǴֵסˡҲܺġ
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Ϊʲô
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Ҷﳤˣ̵ġˣеˡԺ޸ޱߡ
һ뵽ڴϵ̬̬һ뵽ӺСѨҶﳤĺˡ
ڵûȫϡ͵øɼβС
˯֮ǰǵǧ橵ġҲҵҲʵеˣص˯ˡ
˯˯ú㣬һкء۵ʱλǵġ



11 һǧ

Ͽᣬ˾ļһЩǸɲμӡϣȡŵĻ㱨ȡòŵƷȡŵıʣȡ²ŵȵȡЩй£û⡣
˾ƵɫҶﳤͣһЩѪţԱ䵽˵λڽСֳа˼СЧЩߣʹ˾ԱδĸЩٹ˾ԤҪһ㣬ҿʱһˡ
ϣЩ˶ܽڳޣΪ԰ѹ˾ϻƽأصϡ
ûвûģҶﳤ̹ûʲô仯ǫһȻҹľôϣ
߸ɲְԼһЩ;ٴ벻⡣
תзҵһԶĿ꣬ʮ󣬿ܳɳΪӪգĿǰȴûпܡ
ҶﳤЦƣֻһα겻αͷ湫˾ǿ룬ͷѣͷĲ֣ҪʹһŬ
Ҫù˾ԻΨҵֻҪҵվˣ˾תлܻóãþʡ
ʲôΪҵ߿ز֮·ı·Ҷﳤûᡣûа֮ǰ˵̫࣬ӰԼ
ҶﳤһЩҵ񣬵ǰһо졢ء¥֡·Ⱥȣôڱš
̣һƮȦҶﳤ˳ĳ˼
̣Ų˰칫ҡԱߵ߳¼Ÿ¼С
ɫװ³ţӿɣԳһȶ˵ĺġ׾ϴòпͷ
ҶܣȥҪ𣿡
ҶﳤһΣ΢΢һЦɡ
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ҶﳤְԼǰûйκεĲУ˵û¶ɫβͣô
飬㿴Ǵϻ𣿡
ǣǵġ
ΪʲôԶġ
¶Ǹ⣬ˮȥ֪ζ̫Ũˡ㲻Ӧ
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ҶﳤˬʵЦˡĿһ£ͷ
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ϵˡ
Ҷﳤһſͣסţţ˱ȥˡ
ڼһҶﳤһվ˵Ҷܺá
Ҷﳤ΢ЦҺãҺáԾأ
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Ҷﳤһ֣˵ˣֻתת
Ҷܣ飬ǿ
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ֱɳ˵겻и׷гзӦоУƫ˸˧磬ںûУ
ɳһĨӰֱӴ𣺡ûа޼۵ġ˰飬һѶ˷ġ
վ˵͸İһӰɡҿɵˡ
ɳ˵أѾ˺þˣܲˣͱǿˡ㻹лᣬд㰡ǧ壬ûǵ

ǸղŻһء
ٶʱˣһ첽ˡɳЦţЦﾹỨ



12 Ʒҷ

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ҶܣȷʯУ
в˭Ҳϲ׼Կ
ϴ˵㡣
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ʱһʱĵĵ绰ʱֻרţ˵һ䣺֪ˡµ绰Ҷﳤƽ˵˶һʮ򡣽Ӯˡ
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ӰԶˣȥûȽڽϣֻҲһٶȲ죬ͻȻ٣Ҷﳤ;ײȥ
ͻıʣӰ󾪣ûеѾסҶﳤӰӰ˵ˣåˡҲ֪ΪʲôľȻһҲΪôɣϾеֵ
ХԶȥˡ·£ҶﳤҲȱʲô㲿ǷΡ
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˸ǰûԴ⣬ûѪע֫ҲһûкûŴʲôԡ
ιҶģûУ
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Ӱʵܲˣ˵ôʬҲǸ¶ʶҴ绰˰ɡ
û͵绰Ҷﳤ֫죬ﰡֻû۾
ӰˣһظûæսߣеҶģôһ
ҶﳤһЦǶСܣһΣͣһͣȻܡ
ȥܽһĺͬ



13 һǹ˵

ͬ߶ľڡм䡢βһ·ÿ·wޣʹйĵط޹ĵطڣԱЧǿҡ
ҶﳤҪ׽ŪӰ֮ͬ󣬼ӿٶȣܵͬмλãڵƹͣӰûйͬͷȥߵľܶ࣬ܵͷٲؽľװ
ܵͷںͬβĵתţҲ
ïܵһģ֪ӺͬβǱ߹һˣտǸ΢ֵС꣬˲ʱһذѾʺϡ
ҶﳤսȻ壬ֻͻȻıʣʹһ֣ҪһӦû⡣뵽иţ⡣
˭ʲôҶﳤװµӣ
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ٵһĭ˵ѻǴŮء
Ҷﳤ˵ǵȻѧУʱУǹ˾ҲǵһŮ
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֮Ҷﳤû¶ˣӰܵ˴



14 ż

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߽һЩʩӽһ˵٣оϷǿȥҶﳤ֣ȥ
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ûҶﳤֻһȡ
뵱꣬ܿеż񰡡ϣһ죬ܼһ֪ˡܿŽܳΪĴǡ



15 ɽЦ

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һСʱ󣬶ɽǺ棬ӣơ
ʩӽһü۽ǲŴ⣬˵ĸ첲㰡滵ȫˣʳˡǰûˣȹֻһڲ࣬İϣһҺɫ͸ģԿߵɫѪܡ
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ҶﳤϴһůҲɵ쳣ΪҰ⣬ڿյĵط֮⣬ҲΪǿָܿɡͬҩһ㣬ʹ赲
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ͣߣʩӽͻȻһ¶
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Ҫô죿
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ص°಻һСʱˣҶﳤԻع˾
ȵ˹񲿣ɳͼ֤ȯԱЩأ㡢ܽᡣ
ɳ˵ʯԽԽãɹˡٹ죬ǵɹۡ
Ҷﳤͷ˵Ʊ䣬˭֪ءһҪסˣһϱ
ɳӦǡҶܷġ
Լ칫ߣٵʱ˵šһƣֻٺһŮء
ŮǳɫװҲóһ˫ȱȱ˶ĿʱſڣҶﳤĿˡ
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Ҷﳤ΢Цʲô㴵ˣ
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ӭӭ̨вǿ߰
ţҶﳤӰݡ



16 ˿ˮӬ

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Ӱ첽ˣҶﳤ͵ſڣ˵Ժ㻹𣿡
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°صҽԺȥǴȥԭλңֵָλңԲ˶ѾˡԴֿ֮󣬱ûӰ
Ǵôˣ岻ʣûϰ࣬ǹңҡǧҪոնҿ᲻
ֳ֮ȥתƣʿһ˵ڲһͻˡ
Ҷﳤգϲڻʿſȡôಡ֪ȥץ
ǴٻӰԶʱҶﳤֻԼĶƮˡ
ԽԽԽԽ
Ҷﳤ̲סӭ˹ȥŲÿ졣
Ǵһ˫һ̲ڵءҶﳤææס˵СˣǴ
ǴţͷˣŲӣߡҶﳤһֻ·վڵ롣
ûˣǴֻͣӦ



17 ǿԼŮڼ

Ǵǽʣô
ҶﳤһЦ˵°Ҳ˺ġ
Ǵ۲ȵĶл˵һҪæء
ȥݣˡ
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Ǵעɺ޵ĵˣе˵Ǻðɡ
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ǴûᣬԱߵĿ϶ˣٶ֮죬ѡ
ҴҵĽŲҶﳤЦˡСѾͷĴ棬ƺܹԼеĳһ棬Щǧ橡ʩӽǰͷŵСѾͷǰһһʧˡ
ص䣬Ҷﳤãĵص˸ԼȲҴҲȵﳤݣҲС˵Ӱӡ
ҪȥץˣҶﳤţֻǴǻأһĽ֮ɫڽ벻֮Ϊ
ҶﳤתŭΪϲһЦСʿԭˡ§
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ҶﳤſҾʹţôҽôôġ
Ǵһ±ʵˣٶȷ⣬޴룬һӡ
Ҷﳤ˵ֻҪһõġ֣һͬɳϣСŮ
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֮£ҶﳤɳϣʹǴԼ69ʽͬʱͬʱܣͬʱС



18 Ƽ

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룬ѹůϣڶˮСѨ˭Ըֿһֱôȥ



19 תͷ

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¶ˣԸΪʲôܱŮ֮е㲻˼顣пյ
ɹֹʱҲ˯ˡǴٳٲ飬ҶﳤҲͲˣԼ˯ɡ
ŸɹǴˬУȻ˯һΡ
¶ʱҶﳤͷһ㺹ӡԭһΡ
е龰ԽԽ£ԽԽæ´绰񲿵鳤ɳ
˺üӣɳŽӵ绰Ƿ
ɳҶﳤеĹƱͨͨһ̣ûУ
ҶܣˡҶܣʯأܿͻԪҿ㲻װɡ
һ⻰Ҷﳤðɣеٷϻ˵һ飬һ̣ȫһŲûУ
ˡ绰ﴫӵ
Ҷﳤµ绰ǰƺѺķ泡档
һϰ࣬Ҫ£ܵȥˡ
ɳ̻㱨ҶܣķԸȫˣһŲ
Ҷﳤɫº˵ͶˡǼסԺҪɣִоˡ
ɳͬشӦţǣҶܡ
һ뿪Щ֤ȯԱƵġ
˵ϰɵǮ׬
̫Сû۹⣬һΪżء
ǣǣǲרҵǿǿư
ҵķʯһӡ
Ϊʲô
ǲ֪ҵõϢʯõһĴ󶩵ˡϰʱף˵ǲǮɵ
ҿǣ
Լ˳ʯģȫǮѺϣϴǮءҲƼٿͻˡڵȵһˡ
۹⣬߹ʺˡ
ʱǿʯƱͣɾӣԽԹϰв¿ˣŵĲƸҪ
ɴԼһСʱһӪҵԱܽеˣˣ¶ˡ
ɳһ壬ʵôˣ
ӪҵԱͷ󺹵˵ʯ¶ˡոűʯˣŵ飬ʲᱻۣҵͣڡ
һ˴ͷ졣ţһһ˴ӻ̱ڵϣˣǸͶѪʯƱļһ
еذѣ¡
Լͷصؿ
ڰ칫ҶﳤýϵĹڳʯıһ£Ҫǳˣ롣
űˣСܽһ֮ɫ
飬ôˣ
Ҷܣʯˡ
Ҷﳤ΢Ц֪ˣ顣
ٵĿϴת˵ĹƱô죿Ͷһء
Ҷﳤһ治ɫȴúů
飬˵ҶﳤȥɳϣԼҲ
㻹һҲ
÷ܻᷢ˭Ҳס
ȥ񲿿ɣûʲô취ȡ
㲻ȥˡ
Ϊʲô
Ҷﳤͷһͣ˵ǳ֮ǰѾȫˡ
һ⻰ٳһḧ¡ءţҶﳤ˵Ҷܣô˵ڶ档վ
ҶﳤһЦ˵˵Ҳ
ûҵ¶ˡϹˡǰС
һ¡
ٻͷʵҶܻʲô𣿡
ҶﳤЦ[[س˵пհɣ
һʣʵһ񣬷һȣܵؾҪԼˡ



10



01 ϲ

ҶﳤЦеؿĻش
һĿ⣬ϺȣϽܿº͵Ŀƺ˵Ļ棬һԡ
ôˣȥ𣿡Ҷﳤ׷һ䡣
˼Ҷܣ¶ȥˡٰ׾ϴƽƽͣ¡
ҶﳤЦţûʲô仯˵Ŷôɰôпգȥɡ
ҡҡ֣˵˰ɣҶÿæģǲҪƷˡ
ҶﳤֱƯм֪ԷᣬÿЦ
ԷһΪԼŸԼᡣĶĶԼĿǰȱŮˣҲʲôѱ߲ݡҲ˵ơͦȤġ
Ͳ֪ʲôĿ𣿡
쵼¶Ҳöʡٽػشš
Ҷﳤ΢Цܺãܺãһְ顣һġҾһܳɫĹ
Цһö飬˵ɶ˵һŷȴ·ǹ裬Էʱ˹
һ£ɳ˱һξ롣ΪԷԼľ
ҶﳤͷЦùâɵģΣƽǲżֽţԽζ
Ӳ濴ǳˣĿ̱ǡ촽°͡ӡظϸϴɫȹȣγߣŮԵı仯֮ҺͿˣ˴ϵ£µϿۡ
ûĿҲܸеڸʲôɲһɬֿˣúļУֻǰڳʱ
Ҷﳤٴͷ֪ԼĿ£˵飬˶ġ
ϲ˵ҶڶҰɣֻһͨŮӡĴʲôŮûķۡ
Ҷﳤע˵ֺαǫšӦ֪Լġѵû˿𣿡
̧ͷ˵˶ǹάҵġұЩǣܿɣɲԶˡ
ܿҶﳤЦݱ䵭ˣûòϼˡ
ˣ飬ǲʲôң
аš
㾡ʰɡ
Ҷﳤٶص⡣ΪʹڽԼ¶
ٵĿͶ˵Ҷܣ˵ڳʯ¶֮ǰȫ׵ˡ˼ʣ֪𰸡
Ҷﳤϻָе΢Ц˵ʲôҶһһ𡣡
ʯ֮ǰ׵ʣ֪Ҫ𣿡
ֲ֪ɡ
Ȼ֪ôͻȻ׵ѵƾǾ͸о𣿡
Ҷﳤ֪졣
ƾͶʵ
ŶһĿںҶﳤʲôϡж
ôƾоţ
ҶﳤЦţ˵ûǸо
θоˣʧ𣿡
ûôĿǣֻҪоԣͷȥҼȻ·ʱ׼ŷǡȻҵĸо׼ȷʻǺܸߵġ
ϴżֺ棬˵ҶܣƾŸо¶ʲôɹİ𣿡
ҶﳤĿ⣬˵акöࡣԶĲã˵İɡҸоһᵱϴҸоʯĹƱǮҸоŤƣⶼûɣ
룬˵ǰӶӦˣڷʱ
ҶﳤͷԡҵĸоԽԽõģ׿
Ϊʲô
ΪŬš
⻰˵úţǱ飬ٶܵ˸ȾʶȷʵǸǿߣɹ˾ı仯ʹ˴εĹ¼㿴һˡ
Ҷܣ£ôĸоģ
Ҷﳤ֪λشǡܲ˵ΰɣ˵˭š
ۼλС˴ڴͼֳ֮ԼҶﳤ˵й©
еʧʹ̾ϢҶܺСϴڳɹؾ
ҶﳤԹıǶˣʣ֪𣿡
Ŀһ˵롣ôſϸңھþȵѹ£˵
Ҷﳤ룬˵֪ĻҲС´ӦҵԼʱҾ͸㡣
ٺһ촽ƤɰҶﳤһֶˡŮ鲻òãͦ˰šȻҸȤҲֻܾҪҸᣬһ£Ҳʲô˾ӡ
νʱűˡվ
ʱվҶﳤС۾ﻹһƤ
ٿһҶﳤ첽ݡ
С۾һŮıӰЦͷÿԱƵġ
Ҷﳤϰһָָɳ˵㿴ˣҸһ¡
С۾ûվǰ˵ͷԼðɡҵȤڴˡ
ҶﳤЦЦ˵ɫзչ˵գЦʧ
С۾֪ð¶ˣƤȡһϣҶﳤ˵ͷò飬ûѶ¶طҲ¶˲ٺ֪ΪʲôôȤʲô
ҶﳤЦС۾ĵ
С۾ʶԼˣԼһǣЦôôɵеģӦùסԼ죬ʵıʡ򣬻ġ
ҶﳤûרĶţ϶ôľһ
С۾֪ģһЩţ˵ͷûʲô¶ˡ
ҶﳤͷҲ̧˵ˣʲôʱһ㱨
ǡ
ʻģġ
С۾һϲ˵ллͷˡ
ֻʣҶﳤһˣúܣƺɹһֻӶע⡣һ㰲УҶﳤܿݵ鱨棬ϳ֮⣬бߡʹޡãȻǡ
վһţ˳һһڣһ
ٻصϣٷ˷ϣ̲סžһһӣñеľˮһһģ
ģЩҰǶ˺ƬҶﳤҧгݵĵʹһ
ôݱô¶ţ˼
֮ǰҶﳤԸС۾ܵˣط㡣һﺦѣģ˵ٵһǳǵĳԶҲġ˼ҺôңȻҪѪѪˡ
ʹһӣҾʹһӡ
С۾Ŭ˵ľ״һĿȻʹ·𿴵һﴺ⡢ӣˬˡ
гƣ뿪λͶ֮󣬿źݶթͣǸ񹲷ߵĻ¶һǹƵ֮ͽ˶Ʒ⣬ǵ죬캦



02 ȴΪ

ָб˲ɣʲô
Ҷﳤ˾ٲƣпԼġ£ɡҾ͸֣˴˵ĶԹҪ˶ϡ
ҶﳤһھƣǰɫҺӣصĵ˿˿ɬʹ˷ܣ˼άԾǡ
ΪѶԸȻʵԼҲͷ۵ĵط㡣пǧʱǺޣʱᣬʱź
˵طèϻһˡ
ģԼΣ˰˱鹣ط㡣
طҶﳤѧһȥ꣬һ档ѧɹۺʱͻ֮ǧС㣬λѳܹʦ˵ܹ˾ζ¡
ܹ˾Ķˡ˭óǰ;
뵽뵽ԼܵԩԵĿͷҶﳤ޵ֱȭյùؽڿֱ죬̲סͻһƣ
Ҳ٣ֳֵжļһǰƽƽƣѵүϹ۾Ҳһ㱨ֵ֪ʲô³Ҷﳤҽĵġ
ҶﳤظһڽоƸɵԼñ龰۷Ź⣬Ļ
ֵһƣϣʼ㱨¶
ԼݣʵĿûʮգðȻ֣ȻﲻĿģţвһʱĿ⣬Ӱȫ̼ƻ
֮£ӦطǱһʱҲʲôԵĹ;ͲͬˡƾգƷ⣬ԼذɱظСл嵹ԼЩȹҪٺݵ㣬ٺ١
뵽⴦Ҷﳤϲ˧˷Ц
ǣޡҪŮˣţҲһһ£ͷ֮ޡϴ̫ˡ
뵽Ůˣ±ߵĶһ£ವ̧ͷѿӶˡҲԵȼġ
ҪǴʱиŮ˹ԼĿ򼦰ͣͷڰϻУڹͷϷɣټĵЦݣԼǸöôܰԼһѨһС죬ζһˬùͷˡ
뵽ˣ뵽Щ̹ԼŮˣ˵Ľ
뵽ЩҶﳤЦˣԼԽԽɫȷʵǸɫ֮ͽ˾ӵľԽԶˡ
뵱˵·ϣԼסᣬѩˣ֪ԣԹ޻ڡڷڼ䣬ҲҪǿˮֻޣֹĶ࣬ʹӹһ١ԺһлᣬԼġҲ֪ˣɻǵ
ǰԼܽƣԼһˣЩͨͨȥԼеĺɫ֮޳ˣ޽ɡȥɲС
ҶﳤʿǴǴǸùѩһòޱȣ覣ĸ˲С椣֮£Լְǿˡ˵ӦǸڣԲԺٲһͷԼѷִˣǲϻڸģ볤ڵذռ˯ϷŹΪʲô
ҺαôţԼܿĵذΪҪʲô³̫ɵˡˮڵ͵£ԼΪ£ҲһԼǿԳԼ˺ԼԼΪʲôҪŮ
Ҷﳤ˰뱭ƣ˫͸׺ݵĹ⣬˵Ȼûʲô³ҺαصʲôˣҾǸˡǿˣҲǿˣػͷһҪǡֻϷйһʧȥǿС
ǴǶҷ𣿺٣ԺҪúõ㣬Ҹ˵СŮô涼СֻҪĸԸģǻݣҲŮϵǿˡ
һ뵽Ǵ崿뵽ڴϵǧ˰̬뵽ƬƬݺҶﳤıˮһʱѹϸɣԼŤĸо˵ġ
ҶﳤһڽоƸɵҵǴһ١
˼УűˡҶﳤѾƱźãƹغãصϣظ߸ϵĶ³
Ҷﳤȡϡ
ֻ˽˿ưûʲô飬ֻ۾Ҳǳ糣
ĸ簡
Ҷﳤվӭġ
һߣһ˵Ҷܣ¡
Ҷﳤץĵ֣ɳȥ˵ĸ磬û˵ʱǾֵܣôģ̫Ҳ
ѵõһ˿ЦݣҶﳤһͬɳϡ
Ҷﳤ忡˵ĸʲô¶
ҲҶﳤ˵ȻǹƱ¶ˡ
ĸʲô֪ˡ
ϣһ˵ʯ¶Դ˵һ˵¶ˡǿˡҵһʱϵ˾˵Ѿʱ׵ˣҶԼĶˡ
Һ׵ˡȻĻҾ͵¥ˡ
ľ˵ֵܣڿЦЩǮȻ٣𣬻ܾ¥ȥĹûôˡ
ҶﳤЦӲ֪жҪˡ
ĵͷûʯ⣬Ʊг𣬹ƱʷУһƬҰҲ̶áֵУ죬ûţһšʮʱ䣬׬ǧİ̫ţˡ
Ҷﳤ˻ϲ˵ã֮ңԺδôõĻˡ
İһ˵ֵܣҶһҵҲ㶮һЩƤëɲǵȷʵⷽĲŻ
Ҷﳤǫ˵ĸ磬̫ˣǸС
˵ֵܣҪǶиȤҿ㲻һڻǶ̼
ҶﳤЦðĸ磬ҿһ¡ҪһֱôõĻǹ˾һǷծͲˡ
һ̲סҲЦ⣬Ҷﳤúʡ
˻ᣬҶﳤ˵ĸ磬ǳȥףһ°ɣףǻΪġ
Ȼͬ⣬˵ֹǻΪģսšֵ㵱ңҶˡ
Ҷﳤ΢Ц˵ĸĻ϶ˡˣԼ壬Լ϶»Աǹһ¡
һ˵УǸԼϴңúףһεĹ̫ˡҪһ㣬ǿɾͱˡشҸĿ࿴ġҲ֪֮⣬˶λӡ
ҶﳤһЦ˵ĸˡľѳ֡һ˶õġ
ĸߣʩӾһˡ
ʩӾ٣ͷһɫȹĵý͹£ˡֻžµų࣬˫üһ˫Ƶģس
Ҷﳤһ֪¶οʩӾǴӲĹ˾ġ
Ҷﳤæվ֣ѯʡ



03 ֮

ʩװɣ˫ˮ֮⣬˵Ķץýġ
ʩ㣬ʲô¶ҰɣҰҶﳤϸ۵֣е˵
ʩӾȻһЦʻŭţ޹ĿȻĶֻ޹֮У֮⡣
ûʲô¶Ҫˡᣬᣬô顣
Ҷﳤһɻ˵սȥݣҪߣ
ʩӾ͵Ҫš
ȥ
ؼ硣
ŶǼʲô𣿡
ġµĽѾҪܽɡûʲô¶ˣͦҵġҺüûؼˡӵ绰˵ಡˣҽԺءҺܵģȥһˡ
ҶﳤһеĿɬһѽ§ڻ§ýģͷ顣廹һҲƽ
Ҷﳤλǳ⣬ò壬ƷԸ񣬶ϲġһ»һм飬и飬Ըз롣䲻ҪߣҶﳤоһʧͿ飬߻бŮˣʩӾֻһǲġ
ʲôʱߣ㡣
ʩӾЦ棬˵ʲôͰͻˣòô˸аɣ
ҶﳤЦЦ˵е㲻ϰߡ
ʩӾЦҲǣ޲ôһȥ
ٺˣӰ롣
ʩӾ˵˵ǱģΪҵһС¶͵ҵúøɹɣҪ㡣ϣ˾͹ȣ߷ĺϢ
ôһġ
ʱʩӾæĻ˵һߡ
ƿ˵ҶܣмҪծˡ
Ҷﳤ˵ȥӦһ¾ˡ
ٻ㱨˵Ҷܣ⼸һﲻôԣڿ˵Ҫ㡣㣬ǾͲߡ
Ҷﳤ˵ãȽǵ£Һܿȥ
ٴӦһϸʩӾһۣŹ뿪
ʩӾɳһ˵ͻȻˡ
ҶﳤŶһ˵ǺðҪסš
ʩӾ΢ЦղǸСѾͷ٣԰ɣ
Ҷﳤߣʵô֪ģ
ʩӾ˵ǸСѾͷںв̫ˡ
ʲôв
ҵߵġܸоҶ࿴ۡ
ҶﳤֱЦ˵ǺðúÿסҰɣежܡ
ʩӾҲĵЦˣ˵һģҲˣβͣκŮһᡣ˵꣬վ
ʲô
¶Ҳˡ
ҶﳤҲվ˵ҲáȥһЩ¶磬һֱԸҸط졣
ʩӾĵذһۣ˵ԷУߵ˰ɣҿɲȥ
ҶﳤЦʣΪʲôȥ
ʩӾߵҿɲʮСŲĵšǵ˼һ֪𣿡һڣȻһͷˡ
һߣٲ֪ˣҶﳤڰ칫վţصģ˵Ҷܣصϰܺ𣿡
ҶﳤһЦ˵ʶ
ٻشȥӰԺεӰλŮ٣ǸŮǿˣҲƯƯÿԵˡ
ҶﳤЦҲԵˡ߰ɣȥծ
ǣϵݣһ¥ȥ
ֻˡҶﳤϵһãλŮ飬ԽԽϲɫְҵȹ񻣬ֵĵط֣ݵĵطݣȹ¶СҲǡô
ĿصϣҲûʲô֮šʸ˾ڲͬ
˵ĿʱٰĿ㿪һɬʤӣ΢΢ͷǳʱСŮӡֽ̬ʹҶﳤһҪֽ§ڻãˡ
ôӣһŮǷǣĪ˶Ժúúÿһ£Ρ
ʩӾһߣҵŮֻʣǧ橡ǴˣεĴ١Ҫ油ǶȿӦöɼŮˣǷǡ
µһ¥ʱֻþͼڣûбˡ˵ծһ⵹Ҷﳤˡ
ʵҶܣͷ¥𣿡
Ҷﳤƣɫմأ·߸ߵ͵͵ĽλεģҲõˮ·ڶġ
ߣǵ͸͸
͸
ҶﳤһЦ⡣ߴΰıӰͶ˧̬һæȥ
ⴵС磬£泩Ҷﳤվһ̳ǰͷ׵Ļ䣬ǰ¶ʩӾļ뿪΢΢һ̾
վĸǰ۲ܵɫ˵Ҷܣʲô𣿿Ը˵
Ҷﳤתͷٵ£һһ밵ġһһʣһ
λҪˣҺ᲻áҶﳤ̹ͦףûٵˡ
˵Ǹղŵλʩϰ𣿡е⣬벻λ¶
԰
ʲôϵͨѣ˹ϵ˵ٰתһˡ
ҶﳤЦˣ˵СѾͷͰٸʵ׵ģʲôϵҪ𣿡
תͷ΢΢죬ˡ
ȻҪˡͨѣ⡣ҪҲӦÿÿһηֱ𣬾ζһεۣõġ
ҶﳤЦˣ˵ССͣͦᰲοţԸа
æ֣˵һ죬̸ֻһѣ
㵹Ǻרһ
ȻˣҺܱصġĿ΢Уһ֮
ҶﳤĿһ΢΢¡ظڶһһģ֮Уƺ΢ӿʴǡ
磬ҶﳤʩӾھƵ׼òͣ͵ֱ͵ͷֱӸɵ¶
ǳԵͣһֵһֲӡһ߳ţһŶԷʱЦһЦĿԣǧ
ҶﳤסߡһߣԼٸˣֻ֣֮һβӡβҪԶҶﳤ˵ǵһҪ֮¶
ʩ㣬
û¶ĻһɻġʩӾһ˫۶Ҷﳤˮ顣
ĸĸʺá
ʩӾҡͷ˵ɲá
Ϊʲô
ǻûְҲ֪ô㡣
ǵǽɡ
ʩӾؽһ⣬˵Ҳʺϵӡ
Ҷﳤ΢Цʲôʺϵġ
ʩӾ˵ҿӰͦʺġ
ҶﳤЦˣ˵ˣʩ㡣޲أ޸ͷӣЦ˵ˣš˵ҳΪʲôˡ
ľ̬ʩӾһӺˣˣҪǸط¶Ҷûȥˡҵĳ̬ġɺˡ
Ҷﳤ欣ɫĴ󶯣۷Ź⣬Ϻǻ±߲߸߾𣬽ս״̬



04 ŨŨ꼱

˵仯ʩӾΪһµŮ֪ܲЦЦ߹˵Ŀӡ
Ҷﳤ̧Ů˵£Ӽڿ䵽£ǸӲļһŮˡͷ缦ˮ֧㶰̵ģ˵ĺһʹÿһ񾭶ѡ
˷ԸʩӾѾ£ţɵץţšͷŮ˵Ķ£ʱʱ֣ŮڹͷǳЦ
̧ͷˣ۾Сأ˫ֻͷϸš
ʩӾԳЦţ˵ⶫֱˡǲǳʲôҩˣ
ҶﳤϢ˵е¶̫ˡʩ㣬ӡ
ʩӾߵֲǱʲôÆģˡˣ³ͷһƮǵճҺˣΪŮ˵Ϸ
Ҷﳤһ۾ƨɻǰӣʹǰģһСӡ
һܵӣʩӾͷˢһڹͷˢͣҶﳤֹƵĶš
ʩ㣬ͷԽԽãѼҪըˡ
˿佱ʩӾĴãŰ˵
ԭôϹģú࣬ζԴ֮Ҿϲˡÿļͣô֣ԼҲ֡
Ϊ㰮ҵԭҶһӸ򼦰͡
ֻҪԸ⣬ҿһӼ͵ġֻԺҵġΪԺ򼦰͵Ů˶ˣòֺܻá
ʩ㣬˵ﻰ޷ġ
Ŀཻ鼫ãŶԷİ
ʩӾ㽫ӳԽӳŵùĹĵġĴӸͷŪǳ
ҶﳤҡΣţ˫ְԴƨʶѨһ졣
ʩŪֵģ
ʩӾ³ӣźͨͨĹͷˮϴһİӣɲ䰡ǻûʽʼš
ҶﳤͷŮ漰촽˵õģ϶Եñ·ؼҡ
ʩӾһۣ˵һԺұǰϲˡÿҲȥ֮һ㲻γȥҪ뿪Ƶġ
Ҷﳤ⻰˵ҪϲĻԺѼͷČòã
ʩӾ÷˵ðҹҹߣь³ŵôģġ˾޵ļ飬Ҷﳤĳҡ޲һйΪ죬Ȱˡ
ʩӾֿʼæµķ˵İϾţÿ䶼߰ߵǺͰĺۼǰմĿˮֻŪҶﳤɫǺ죬Ҳ̲סˡ
ʩ㣬Ѽ̫ˣҺ䡣Ѱɣϲ㣬Č¡
ʩӾֹͣɧţհӣˣ˵ٰɣҌҲ١
Ŵ󼦰ͣҵĴǰ
ʩӾȹϾϣһɣȼأҶﳤÿˮҪˡ
ԭλŮûãĵشģԼˡ
ֻڰգŸԲƨɡȿںڵëˮ⣬Ѩ΢ţһ˿˿ˮСϪţѾջƨɶŪþʪ
ˣʩӾߵİ׽ѾŤðƨתתģʹ˵ʱʱСر仯״˴ߡ
ͨ˫ȼĿ϶ҶﳤʩӾźĴ˯ɲ°ۣıſĺ촽Ϣ
̲סˣ㿴˺öˮٲٵĻˮҪˡʩӾˣɧˣٲʲô߳ˡ
ҶﳤƮִӣʩӾСѨһĥţĥŮ˵СѨӭգеҪˣҡ
ҶﳤƫţСĥˮľջǲţʩӾˮԲƨתø죬һץסӣ
ٲңҾͺ㡣
㡣
Ҷﳤһͦƨɣһһ嵽ס˷ˮ·ûһϰ
ʩӾһУô󰡣ôְóٵûôϳЦݡ
Ҷﳤ˫ְϥǣŲæظţӳ룬۵Ѩйԡ
ʩӽò񫣬Ťתƨɵֱգеһš
ҶﳤЦ˵ҲС
ʩӽ㲻ģ󣺡װϹˣٽɣгһ
ҶﳤԼӿ죬ʵ㣬ôң
ʩӽЦ˵򼦰ͣƨɣ˲ˣ
Ҷﳤù񫣬˵㣬ǰ͸󱩷ɡ
ʩӽֱͦƨɣ۵ƨ⻺ţеñøЩɡ
ٲ𻰣Ӵӿٶȸ籩һҡǿҡѣֵʩӽھƯһ
Ǹ󼦰ٷһתţۻңÿ¶ȭɵСѨźϺϣˮţɫžž졣
ʩӾͷɢģ˫ץԴֱתţ촽ֹˣҪļҪҵČ²ˡ
Ҷﳤһߺ͸ɣһЦČ类ˣÌ£ҲںһЩСѨİŪʪ󣬾Լ·Ҳ뿪ƽأƮˡ
ŮȤֻϣҲھϡǾϵĴʤ룬ô˵Ů˭û㣿ŮԼŤ˽У˵Ļﵽ㡣
ʮӣҶﳤȻ绢ʩӾܲˡ
һɣҪɢˡ
㲻ҪøЩ𣿡
ʩӾۿ˵ҪͷϸˡܳԴ⣬ҲϲСײ˵ġ
ҶﳤЦ㣬һôҡ
Ҷģҵӡ
һʣҶﳤΪģɸתΪ٣ʩӾĽӼҵбΪƽˡ
ʩӾһ˵ղűٵúҪȥһ㡣
㲻ϲζ𣿡
ʱϲɵġʩӾԵ˵
Ӧೢζ
ҪµġʩӾ˼ֽš
Ϊʲôأ
ʩӾֱҶﳤ˵һʹԺҲˡʹעˣҪһӣҪֿ
ҶﳤŸжѰӳѨڣȻֶ˽ȥʩӾһĤַȥһƬˮ
ôңΪβϼ޸ң
ҪȢŮţһѸ㲻һͨˣһˡȢŮа
ҶﳤٴξһůŮã㲻˵ʲôж⣬ʹز
һŮˣֻҪԣҪüõĿ֡



05 Ůʿ

һͲ٣ʩӾ࣬Ʈ޲ûΪһ̯ˮȫ˵ϡ
ٵðٵһֻ񣬷ɵúø߰ٵúɴҵČ£ٵˡ˵Ĺ£ʩӾ֪߳ܵؽš
ҶﳤޱȽ㣬˵һҪι㣬ʩ㣬ڼҲҡ
ʩӾͦѨӭţ˵ððһĴ󼦰ҵČΪĸоġ
ҶﳤŮ˵ȷֿϣײһײŮɧ£žž࣬ӸɵˮĽ϶ǣƵġ
Բ׵ƨţҰ׻ƨнӿţһһ˵ģɼˡСѨˮӿѾջŪˮһȦܵһţɫɫǳܿ
ʩӾҲһһģȵҲһһġֻһ߾٣һģŮ˵˷ܺͼ
ٿƣ˿䴺⣬Ů˵Ķչʾĸ˿˲οܻߺߣܻš
ûɣԽԽˣԽԽɲˡ
ɲңֻñҸˡҺϲ㱻ɵˣôɧôˣô꣬ôṴˡ
ʩӾؽе㾡ܸɺˣɧ㿴˸㿴ŮϵõȤ
ҵȻġǰԶֻаɵķݡ
˵߸ɣɵõضɽҡɵð죬ɵɵƻԭʼĿҰ뼤ֱҪȼ׼ȵƬӸͣȣܻӭ
ʩӾɲһŮܱȣ֮ˣȻһŮ˺õöࡣ˰СʱûаԽսԽ¡
Ҫ㣬Ҫ㡣
ɡ
Ҷﳤࣵһγӣϴƽɣˡ
ʩӾȹѵһ˿ˡԭûڿ㣬ֶûС
Ҷﳤʩ㣬߹ģû°
ʩӾϴЦҾ֪㣬һսһġҾʲôж
ҶﳤֻһƵţĹӿӿģϺͷӲͦγĶԱȣʹϼڡ
Ҷﳤһڿˮ˵¸оʲôͬ
ʩӾҶﳤ䣬ɧζһĳ࣬ƺŵõζš
û£·ֱĥͷĥ±ߵëëĥˣоô̼ʱ̲ס飬󼦰ͣҡ
ʩӾ˵ţŵĴӣһ˫Ŀ
ǴֱţһơҰˮܣͷҲ⣬ŲˮԳۺ
ʩӾţţ̲סֵ֣ģŹκһطϳ˰飬ĿЦһһ߿˵ķӦ
ҶﳤȻǼǻУֻϵÿһ񾭶衣һƵĿͬϮĸй٣ԵŮĺôһ뵽ҪˣԼһεӣеź
ʩ㣬๦һˡŲ
Ҫס㻹ûгԱšȺúóԳļ֪ͣжô㡣˵ţʩӾſ죬ѹͷ̽һӆơ˱ҧҶﳤСеģȵļͣ
ʩ㣬ˣҪˡ
ʩӾһף˵ˣ׼䰡Ҫ䣬ҾҧļͣԺҲܲٱŮˡ
ǿš
ҵĺںţһͻ֪
ŮͷԴӽϸµķһѾŪñϴ軹ɾûһʡͷ죬ۣÿһͻô±ߵ͸ź˿ء
ÿɰøˡʩӾֵ˼ڣĥҶﳤأǴԼľأһйǧ
ʩ㣬ٲҾҪˡ
ʩӾһ˦Цǿɲɰ˵ҪŮʿģھˡĦӣ
˫һһڳ¶ʽհƨɻ䣬ƨԽԽԷ֮ѨڴϹͷʱƨѹĳʵԲٸ֮
ʩӾûȥǲŪʹͷѨһţϴ˵Цݣˡ
Ҷﳤһ׵ԼϣŮ˱ȻЦֻƻİӣϵĶ΢΢ţëѨſڣˮ˿ţĹͷѾоˮʪˣܵѨůˡ
ҪˡʩӾһ촽ƨһôĴӱ̵һء
ʩӾſ죬һƨɣһ˵㼦Ӳĥˡ
ҶﳤŮСѨˮۺ˵ʩ㣬°𣿡
ʩӾһЦ˵Ůˮרġƨ䵽ףѴԵˣоСѨģߵⱻŵÿģг֮ơеʹиࡣ
ҶﳤʩӾüЦκ죬촽ţʵʩ㣬оô
ʩӾ΢΢ŤƨɣüˣǰϹɵʱļֻܲ嵽һ׾Ͳ嵽ˣûĶģоͷûˡǰһſ˵ϣš
ҶﳤŮ˵Ͱ⣬˵ϲǸͲ㰡
ʩӾͿһڣȻϲ㰢Ĵ󼦰Ͳˣо궼ûˡ
Ҷﳤֱ֣˵ʩϲҰ˵ļʤϲϹļˡ
ʩӾֱЦ˵ǰǰҾϲҰˡ˵ţŤεģüѨҽҵţķֻۣ࣬֡
ôһҶﳤҲСѨֻᶯеüģˮݵüůůģͦӡǣʩӽҲˣʱ³࣬Ʒ
Ҷﳤһ߆۵࣬һϸšãˮɣϸôϰƨʱеظоˮۡʵաԣ̲סǣĵƨȥģһƬˣĵʩӽһС
ûеʱ򰡡á
ϵǽ˵Ǹ񣬼ֱ˵Ķ֮Դκ˶ĶУûԹԵġ
ҪŮʿˣҪ׼׼侫ʩӾˣżƵĿ
ܷ˭˭
ʩӾЦװģҿģļ͸жˡ
ҶﳤЦˣ˵ԿɣČ¸ɳѪˡ
ʩӾٲ˵ֱ¶ԣ˫ְԼϥǣ˼һ۾㿪ʼŮʿ



06 䶴Ц

ʩӾ˵ϷһԲİƨţʹƨⶼضţһ㲨ˡֹ䣬żҲת׵üֱ죬һˮʡ
ҶﳤĽǶȿʩӾȫŤͦ״УһˬϵֻӣúХеĲˣĿࡣͷӲ绨ףƽʱ͵ö
ٿë׵СѨһźСسŴӣ׵ô죬ô̰ǳˮѨҶﳤëȾʪˣĸϾ۳һСˮ̶ŵˮ⡣
̫ʱӲСǹͷĭʲôճҺҡš
ʩӾͣסƨɣͷЦҳ죬úøɻôʮ㡣Ҳֻ֣ҡƨɣùͷڡҴһƬճճУƬѨһ죬ͷϣȻƨһ䣬󼦰ֻصС
֮ʣʩӾһ촽ϲһȫĿгһߣ·Եɿڵ͡
ԴΪģʩӾԲƨɣת䣬ͦŪٶȷ֮еҶﳤֱСǹӵˬʹ޷ƽͦǼһſʩӾһ졣
ʩ㣬ô󰡣ֱԾҰҶﳤԼİӱŮ׵ʱʱ޵ģ㳦һ档
ұԾҰǹɽȷ绹졣ʩӾ˵
ĺ߿ƨʱʱɵġƨⶶֹȷеĴŵİ޻ÿ
̧ʱջɣԲƨʱջֽˣҵ˸žžֱ죬ҵĻŭţŮԼҲýѣоɰĶ˵Ĵ󼦰ֵͣ¶ȻѨ׼ˡȤֱŮ˵ķһƬƬͷһ̲ˮ
ɵ˧ӣŵ³ĴӣԼĵһΣһġĵһηڶ֮ҹںϹ֮ǰѵļһﲻֹһ󻶣ܾˡֱ֮ҹŰԼ׳ȥ
ʩӽ˸һҲͷһΣûɹŮˡֱŵذǹԼʱԱëΧԸеشֱǿɵۡǰǿͼƬƵģͻȻģһƬհס
Ǹ֮뱲Ӽõķ羰ſţָͷֵļӲͷӰƤԳԭ֧֧㶵ģг֮ơ
ҶﳤʩӾİӴбΪʵʩ㣬𣿡
ʩӾȻһЦҫۣ˵ǣȻ뵽ԼĶ֮ҹ
Ҷﳤ۵壬һ˵ǲǺ˼ҽ
ʩӾĶΪŤ˵Ϲһθҵʱ򣬾ȻҲ۶˵Ц
ô¶
ʩӾſ˿ĻϢ˵ñţûⷽľ飬ͦŸ;Ҵҵƨ
ҶﳤЦ˫ָ񱳣Ļ˵ͦġ˲ˡôҵ۶ģ
ȻҰġҼôУһͷץסͣ׼ԼĶͽȥˡ
ĵһ𣿡
ԡ
һ۲ۣ˶Ѫ
ôۣҲûгѪʩӾϴ΢ЦĿ˻֮
ûѪֲ۵ģ㲻֮ǰͱ˲ٹ˰ɣҶﳤŵؽе
ʩӾĶͷһ£²ҿһ԰Ůˣҵġ
ҺҲûн鰡
ʩӾߵһ¶ǰð̫ˡ
⵹ġҵļȫԽȥˣȻͦ
ʩӾԳЦСɫǣҵȫˣ̫ˡ
˵㣬֮ҹ
ʩӾ룬˵ʵҲûٿСϹǸ̫ˣеͷһΣôŮˡ
Ҷﳤ̾Ϣ̫ˡ
⻰ô˵
밡Ҫ֮ǰĻͰˣǰ˲ٵζ㶴ʱҲԸϹʾôģȻɣһܴ̼˵ġ
⻰ʩӾһо˼ֿܣСȱµⶼóú磬Ҳġ㲻ȢңңѵˣǾԲС
Ҷﳤƨţֱƨˮ
ҪţǸôã᲻ᱻñţ
ʩӾ룬˵ҪţһԼġһҵˡ
Ҷﳤ㣬ǸõŮˣĸ˼㣬ϲ㣬㡣
ʩӾЦͷһμʱûҪң
ǵȻˡôô˵ŮˣҪǲٵĻһ̫ࡣ
ʩӾ÷Ĵ˵Ҿ֪㲻Ǹöڴҵ⡣ҺϲġҪҲȤҵı˵ŻʩӾһ𣬼³
ôˣʩ㣬Ա𣿡
ʩӾЦЦ˵ҲŮʿˣҪң˵ţԱ߹£ƨǡ类ˮˡ
ҶﳤԲƨɺߣ˫ḧŻƨ⣬Ůصɧζ
ʩ㣬ҲҲۣһɽƨô죿
ʩӾ˫Цǿɲаҿɽܲô̬ҪǸҸҲȥԺͲҪˡ
Ҷﳤƨ⣬㣬˵ǾͲ忴ˡ
ʩӾҲߴٵǾͿɣ绹ҪϰġɲΪ̰ŮɫҵҲϣԼŮˡ
Ҷﳤǿİƨ⣬ɫջſˮСѨ˵ҿɲʡǲǸǸͷӡ۲ٌ£ǳΰҲϲҰ˵ǲǣ
ʩӾЦûɹ˭֪òš
ҶﳤЦɧͱ˸ɣô㡣һ֣ƨһǡžһƨӡһָӡƨ⻹ֲγһˣΪˡ
˱Ůˣ϶ۣʩӾֻü¶ˬ﷢һУзǿְ
ʩӾͷȱƨɡһһܲ˵ġңҪ󼦰Ͳ٣ٹˣٴƨɻġĿ繳ˣ˵ĶֵģһǼͶ̡
ҶﳤǸˮѨϾһ壬һСѨŴˡ
ʩӾ˵󼦰ãϲôˡ㣬ȫȥɣҪ͸һӡ
ãһɡ
Ҷﳤһͦƨɣȫ롣ôһŮ˵СѨšȡʪһһ䣬ˬг



07 Ȧץ

һԲ׵ƨɣˮǽġһֳĴСŰصⶴţٶ֮죬ƵģɵŮˮ۵ƨޣջ˫Ŀ𣬼ը
ϵžžУŮ˵ĽˮеĻ䣬ҡţﻹ˽ţҿ첻ˣҪˡŶӲٵúţɧ¶ˣˡ㰡ôȥɳˡֽˣɦ˵˷
Ҷﳤɧ˼󣬾ɶӿ˸˫İƨɣžžž죬ָӡ࣬ƨڱˮһӿȣ仯ϡ
ʩӾʹλøĿ䣬ӷﻶвֹúãˬҪˡ
ҶﳤоСѨǿӿ죬ɵˣ֪Ů˼ֲ˶ˡ
ʩӾƨɻεúÿ죬ֻҡñƨɺÿ죬µװģȫҰɣҪΪӡ
ҶﳤʹСѨ˵ðð͸һɡȴе㷸ֹ
һһֺÿִĶӣ׼ϲʩӾ˵ó飬ͷֱЦĸĹԡ
ҶﳤҲ𻰣žžشƨɣͬƵĸɣʩӾеСһ䣬߸£ð
ҪˣҪˡʩӾ˼ˬĳ
ҶﳤݸɼʮӣڶԷ֮£Ҳ̲סˡ֮ʣİӵԼƨһһģȻһһɵš
ʩӾ֧Ųסˣ˫һſڴϣƨ̵ϸߡǹ⻬ϸİƨϾ˺
Ŀ˵ľҺ̰᲻ˡ
Ҷﳤۣŷ֮СѨİ֮˵ǵĺǿ̲ġ
ʩӾһ޻һ߽˵Ҳǡ
ҶﳤˮܵĴʱԲСѨţֳţ̰Һ壬Ȼ󵲲סðʪŮ˵ëһ
ʩӾҲۣ˵§§ңҪ˯
ҶﳤоŮ˵飬ȥ§סʩӾĻһĳˣҪ˰ѰѨ˵Ǻ롣
ǣŮһ黰Уڻƣн硣
һ绰ǾѡҶﳤ´ӵ绰ġ
Ҷﳤ˸Ƿһ˯Сʱ࣬ϰʱ䡣
飬ʲô𣿡
绰ﴫٵ
ҶܣмҵҪԴҪᡣ
ҶﳤҪġ̨Ժѳɹ
ðɣһͻع˾
ҶܣǷˣðһ䣬ڸʲô
ҶﳤϤˣ˿ԽڹԼ˵ʵ䰡Ȼشһ˯ĵط
ڶأ
һҵ㡣
ٺһżֲ˵Ҳ֪ˡûʲô¶ҹҵˡ
µ绰ֻʩӾѾȹӣϴǴڣ糺죬ˮ飬תꡣ
ס˵Ĳӣһᡣ
ǸС𣿡
ǵġ
ʩӾ˵ˣһܼįģһùꨡҿȥ˯ɡ
Ҷﳤҡͷҵ飬ҵˣû˯
ʩӾ΢ЦֻҪԸ⣬˯ġ
ҶﳤӦѵġ
ʲôϵֻ˯˯ʣҪˣʱãˡʲôţԣȨͬ
ҶﳤֱЦ˵ʩ㣬ⲻķ񰡡ҪǿвŮˣģҲ±˶ңôôˣôаˣ
ʩӾ˵ⲻǸܴˣûŮ˹ɣϻġǲҸŮɣܱȱźá
Ǹޡʱǽɡ
ʩӾЦ·ӷɷҶﳤů紺Ҹ
ҶﳤһʩӾߴٵع˾ɣҪ㡣
ҶﳤŮ֣˵Ҫˡ
ʩӾ˵˵۵Ӳ̫Զģõҡ
ߵʱҪ㡣
Ҳá
ҪߵʱҶﳤͳһ֧ƱʩӾʩӾһһԪ
Ǹʲô㲻ȱǮʩӾ
֪ĳŷѡװѡ
ʩӾ֧ƱЦ㷢ˣ
ûʲôơǽճƱġ
ʩӾаԺ԰ˡ
Լ޸ҡ
ʩӾûӦ˵߰ɣһ
ǺðɣطҸϢ
š
Ŀһԣ¶˻ĵЦݣ㲻ᡣ
˾Ƶ꣬ҶﳤͷߴĽԼǸĴӣһ뿪
һսҶﳤľͷ㡣Ů֮ĴսֹǽҪҲܶ˵״̬õá
ع˾궭»ᣬִҪº󣬸˼ӣֳһ뺯ڴϣǰ
ʲô
վǰͤͤһ˵İ
Ǹ˾ġҶ㿴
Ҷﳤһչ
ԭǸ˾Ҷﳤȥ羰棬Ժһ˵Ǹл˾ĹպͰ
˾Ǽҵ˾˾µĺ顣ҶﳤڽСΪ˸˾ȤҪֻҪɱȥУΪҶﳤξܾãѡһЩ˹ȥܻӭ˾ǮĸֻںĻ飬֮
뺯ҶﳤʣûУ
˫ཻ˵ǹ˾ֻҶС
Ҷﳤһ˵ҿϱ˵ʱ乲죬Դͬȥ
ٵͷǵģҶܣԴŮǰ
ҶﳤüѰˡǹһŮѰؾˡ
Ŀ˵ؾ̫ϧˡϱ˵Ҫȥ羰š
Ҷﳤٵ˵ҲǰҪһͬȥɡ
ٷһһͨȻˣͷȥ
ʰɣҶܡ
ҶﳤϲߵӣαϴţֱƯŮ飬΢Цʲôʵģ
پִٵ˵ҵ쵼ҲŮѡ˵Ҳѵġ
Ҷﳤһ˵ⲻǸʱðһҵŮѣܲһȥɡǶû˼
ҡҡͷ˵ҲáҪ֪ˣᷢƢġ
ҶﳤվݵתȦ̾Ϣ㲻ͬ⣬ֻûؾˡһϧ
ǹ˾ŮܶģѡһٽС
Ҷﳤ˵ܱȵ𣿲Զˡ
⻰ٰһֱòڼ˾ܱԼࡣܵĻνҪ
ҺͨģҶܡǵǺǫ顣
Ҷﳤ۲ɫ˵ҿɣȥǿǣٸҴ𸴣žܾҪǲȥҲȥˡ
ԥ˵ǺðɣҶܡ
ʱŤڵҡҷ˵ΣҶﳤ¶аЦ˵СѾͷӲҵĵġڣҵʩˣý԰
ôõŮӲ٣̫ûˡ



08 ƺ

ϣҶﳤ֡
һĴƵ꣬ƲǳĺáǶǹŽ⣬ӦоС
μӾƾֵĳġ壬λ£ֱԡǮλ
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ͬкãҶﳤɱֻԵƽƽģûôȡ⣬ɤףƵᣬ²
ҶﳤĵķȴΪ壬Ϊǿ߷緶
ھϣѽҶ͵˵һ飬Щ´Ϊȣ̶޲ڣ˸߲ҵؾҶﳤ
Ҷﳤã߲ܣûȵһʱ䣬еƮƮȻˣﵱȻǸƽʱһ侲ס
ڻЦ֮УµپǽĵһĿ߻иʵġ
Զʵ쾭㻹бİ𣿡
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巽Ҳ绰ˡ˻ϣһͬ˻֮š



09 Ů

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Ц𣺡ҪҿԺ˵
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ﶭµͷǰⱲŮ˷ûٻǮšǮһ붼ˡžߺüˡԼԼȺãǲŵͷұѧϰİ
Ǯ²ǰڶڷи֣ۿɱȲˡÿγСģɲüĸϻ֪
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ҶﳤҲģɲġ
ٿ̨ʱǸŮ¶ţֻȭͷӵţӿţţƨʶںͷܿɰӡ
ԶֺһھƣҲ̲סˣ̨ܵȥץ㡱ˡһЦ



10 ¥

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11 ʹ

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ǴشûйǰңҾܾˡ
ҶﳤЦ˵ûҪʶһˡ죬㲻ֻһˡ죬˵ǺҪһԺһˡ
ǴʵҪʲôҿɸ˵Ҫ̫ˣҲͬġ
Ҷﳤ˵ƣٺһЦ˵ҵˣҵľͶˡʲô͸ʲô
Ǵߺߵ˵ѵȥҾȥ𣿡
ҶﳤЦˡˣŵңôţЦЦ̶ִִа
Ц󻵵Ǵָ
ҪҪҵˣ͵һ죬ߣǽȥɷ˵ҶﳤǴ֣ſȥ
ǴĲԸ⣬Ҳûӣֻøš㷲ģоԼǽһµ塣ںȱٷ͵
ҶﳤȽĴһȥͷԸԱѵƹⶼˣΪСԹҪˡԲԲĿŸĶҲ̧ͷҶﳤҪʲôϷ
һ򣬴ﰵҹɫһ㡣ôӣֻһЩơЩƻתģġ˵˸׵ľ붼Է
ʱˣһôƱ
һʵĹ֮УǴˣڳһǰһºŮҲӣŮɡ
˵߰ҲŮɴŽ׵ȹӣ̬ţƮƮֱŮ·
һ˫ĳȹӣٰ첲Բ׵ļ¶⣬һ鹵档Բ״ӣһֱ¶ڿУŮ˵Ĳ̬ţɣ
±ߵĿ洦еĴҲһһεģ·ƵġȹӵƶУôˡ
ٿߣСԲƨɱ¶ΣתƣҲһջ
˵ϵ£崣ʾŮ֮䲻ǾĶǣҲͿƷζ
źǹ߲УҪߣ۾ͱӡεСϣɫˡ
˵ǴĳǵŮȻʧɫǿ۶գЩСĲ˵Դ·˰ɣ˭֪ߺߵʲôӰҲǶûš
ҶﳤָǴҴкǴ塢ļλ˵Ķǻӻ֡ĵͷ˵ãֱǴڸġƾǵľ飬椱Ǿɫˮ׼ǷӦʱǴѾȦӣҶﳤȥ
˭Ҳ֪Ǵķж죬Ƶġ
˭֪ԼԵ˻ԼʲôţҪԼЩСһȥЩһļһǿôãԼҪ˳ֲǼŮ
ɳϣҶﳤ§ǴһƣǴϷȣҪĸоǴֻΣķĸͻȻһֻҰԼ̵ֻ㷵ذȫش
ǴҶﳤůĻӦ˼ûֻʣҸʲôЩŮһ𣿡
ҶﳤЦ֪ܿˡ
һƬ谵У̨ϵĵ˼յתֵĺһλװŮɵ̨ȫװ˵һеԣһһô졢˦ۡȡԾȵȣôڷ飬Ǿ
װ£ֻ׻λεǿʱһƬкáҶﳤù񫣬ԸǴҡ
Ǵ죬ҪҶﳤ
ҶﳤһָԼ±ߣ˵ﰡɵ
Ǵһ˵Ҫô˿šִÿһ¶š
ҶﳤЦ͵ǲںˡ
Ҳɡ㲻ҪһҪš
Ҷﳤ΢ЦҪңҾǰ㡣󣬰Ǵŵһ飬ֻӡ
˵Ŀ£⿪ӣǸͳŪšǸʹӣӲʯͷˡǹζƮǴıǿףֻҵġ
̨ϵŮѰѿǿ̨߶ƨƤһ֣ҶšҶﳤ̨ϣ񫣬±СŮֵ׶й񫡣
찡
Ǵһߵˣƺû˿ԴԽӡ
һ˿˿͵شˬҶﳤһСҲ˱ˡҵĿⶼҶﳤزţǸȹŮ±ԴšΪУ˭֪ʲôȻĻҶСӲôķӦˡ
ģСܰȥĶôõ椹ܵ򼦰͵Ȥ޸ޱߡ
ǣǲרǰҲѧҶﳤӣһԼŮ鴵һ߹ۿ衣Ŀ̲סҶﳤǱߡ
ǰȹӣǵװŮĵԴᡣ
̨ϵŮɰĿöҡСãһ˿ҵģزתĲʵ£ͷëϵرɫԵúù죬
̨ϣƽ糣ƺĲŮƺȲʣСԲԲҶﳤǱߣһɻڲ²ҶﳤŮݡ
£ҲŮȤģĿһ̨ϣһҶﳤŮϣһͷժߣԶø࣬ҶܵŮҲԼԼӵͷ
ΪҶܽһ˼š



12 崿Ů

ڻ谵֮УתĵƹǴŽϵﱻġ
ǿ򶨣Ŭţ΢ڸˣǻȡִ󡢼Ӳĸоڸǲ˵ġ
ż̧ͷƾоҲ֪ڿţеһߣæͷ
һͣʹְͷ߳ģŷ࣬ڹͷϡúͣ·һ죬ľͻĳȥ
˵Ӳǰģʱͦʱ£ҲŰڶǰӾ˫ش̼£ҲһһĺüǴ춼Ҫˡ
รǴĿڻгֵñҶﳤǴ㷢
Ǵ³ӣǰڵƹˮ⡣
Ҹߡ
Ҷﳤ˵¶տʼ㲻ߵġ
Ǵ˫հŪ˵Ҷˣ㻹Ҫôţ
ҶﳤЦһõġߵĽĿšŮĹ³ˡǴҲȥɡҪһѹ·Ӹҿ
Ǵ˽һеҲҪҲŲҪ裬̫ˡûǸġ
Ҷﳤֱ˵Ҫȥ͵ȥҪܳͷġ
ǴӲضţ˵Ҳ
ҶﳤһЦ˵ûϵġֻҪѧŸղǸŮģ·ѹˣȻС
⻰ֱǴľֲſӡ
ȥɣǴҪ̨չʾ
ǴҶﳤ˵㲻ǿڿ˵ҪҺΪʲôţôԼ˵𣿡
ҶﳤǿӲ˵ٷϻȥȥҪȥĻҾͳߣǶ
㲻ˡǴȦһ죬޳
Ҷﳤ˵Ϊ˱㣬ҲŰѵƹġΪ˱㣬ҲߵġӦ֪㡣̨ҲûʶġٲȥҾͱȥˡ
Ǵôĺᣬÿַ࣬ˣֻվԸԼľȻ̨ȥ
Ųóذȫ޽ʱȡڵ̨̨ʱһʧվ̨ʱ̨µǶʱ
벻Ҷﳤһ֡Զ¸ȷŮǸСġ
Ҷﳤһ֣еɣġ
ǴǵĶ£ֻȫûţ;ԼѾȫˣÿλ¶ڹڵԼҪѹˣ᲻ߵûȥ
Ҷﳤߴ£Ǵѧģ̨еĵģκģ˼ȦеˣͷҲһЩ
أʹظͻˣ°΢һ߰ӡ
ðÿ±߽е
תһȱֱһСԲƨαԣСһ㡣֫ŤƨҲű䶯ţⲨ
±߽󣬸顣
Ҷﳤֱơ
ҶﳤͶȥ޵һۣ˵ѣҾѺˡǶ֪˭ʹҲ
ôһ룬ˣһ̨ǰųһҧأĶѧ«ȵġ
ûΪ־ȻǶµģԱѥӱȡ
һ£ȹ»¶ø࣬ȻҪչʾظˣǴԼ졣˵ôšҲǼŮҲҪŮΪ
Ҷﳤ±ߺģ˫۷ų˷ܵĹâ
˺Ҳ壺㰡ʵֻ̨ܿʹҲԸеĳ
ǴŤΣȹӵϣ¶ߵĺֺϸ
ֺС¶򣬰׻ˮ۵ģƮŷšµļҲѩ׵ģ˿紺ˮ˭˶Եġ
ֻ룬±ߵ˿ϸڣƾӰҲеǿҵջ
µͣŮ飬Ůֱߺߡ
Զ¼վ쳤˲ӣֱҪǰȥŮָˡ
ĺˣֻеƺ
ҶﳤֱƣǸ¶İӲֱҪս˵ҾͲţҲܰһʮŮ
ŮԲԲ˿Ҷﳤ̨ϵСŮ
ǴȻģЩŮȻҲһżҲҪרҵѧϰġúñ׾ɣ˵ͽΣ񣬿̨µС֮Աǣòǿ۾ֱ۾գ
ǴѵȹʱСŮҲûɫ㣬ζʮˡ
ȹӷ̨ߣҲѧ˼ŤΣ˦崿ľ˼ͺţ˵Ҳ
ʧȥȹǴֻˡͨףںɫµĳ£׵ôʥֻ࣬Զۣɡϵ£֮һʣ֮һּݣúô
ĿòԸеСǣǱصĽǡҶﳤҪɧһ㣬û
ֻµ壬ڵСܡֱתбֶ䲻רҵʿȣҲõˮƽ
ǴǾнţԽԽɣԽԽţ˵ĻǴﻹӿһ˿˿ϲԣҲޱȵҫȫ߳ˡοԼߣš
̬ĸı䣬ʹĶҲԽԽԽԽƮˣˮƽͻȻϸΡ
ҶﳤȲˣֱ֣еѰ
ģĸҲĽѣѣʲôеúüȣôҰ
ŮٶȲáԲԲ˵˶ʲôÿģŮ˵Ľṹͬġ
Цṹͬв𰡡
ԲԲһļͷϴһȭˣһɫĿٶ̨ʱԲԲ˵ѵе㲻̫ܡ
̨ϵǴȻ裬һ뵽ѣҪ¶㣬Ҫ¶ëľսսġôֻѺҶﳤǰѹû˾۽ѹôţ
Լù¶
ǴҶﳤվʱǴһ˷ɲˣԿֻԼ
Ǵо˿ǰѹ޲̨ȥһ֮Ըôɲô¶
ҧҧһᣬץĵ°ڣȥһ¶ԽԽߣǰһҡΣǶƻСԲˣıģһѩ׵СӣǶеӶӡ
ǴıĴͷժʱ̨µǽеøˣԶ¶еñˣǵŮﰵ鹷öð˵ˣӺҲ󰡣ûҵĴšû۹⡣
ҶﳤΪ⣬ԼѪûа׷ѣǴȻˡȻӣİͺͻǿԸܵġ
̨ϵǴָʾޡ
Ǵѱӵ̨Ϻ˵Ľкӣе⣬̲ס۵ء
ʶֹǸʲôʱһɣһһͷȻʳˡ
˵Ҷ治ǶұƳһ죬ܵ谡Լ࣬ôһħͷ󻹲֪ΰš
ҶﳤĴָһ׳̨תһȦγƮһСԲڿԾܿԼԲӣת仯ĵƹ£ɫͷʱʱں׵ģôôر
ͷģ뵽ֶģԼҲǺˣ˫ḧţţ̲סӷ͵͵
̨µȴõľٶ̩ɽ⣬ȫվˣжðˡ



13 

ǴǸֹܣһθֹģһӴֹܣ֪ⶫԼҪǸߵģԼ治תǾͱȥˡ
ֹŸֹܣ΢΢鲽СܣʹӯתţֻѩŰһһģζƵԭ򣬺ڿñýģǸСԲƨʾõ״͵ԣƨⲻζš
ʵĹУһľߵİŮԵ壬ֲڵĶ̨µǿʹͷҲʹǴţҵǵŮҲˡ
ĬĬӣɫׯأٷƽ˾ˣҲơ
ƣŴţ˫С۾Ѳˡ
ҶﳤĻŭţܣ˵ûˣȷʵǸӡֻҪ¶ģúѵǰ;
Ǹ¶ļֱͦͦģҡĿռ䶼СˡϵҺ󣬱࣬ȥ
ҶﳤԼĴӣӲȺȶȣ˵صúúøһúˬˬŮūԶһЩҲҪЩ֪ҵ
̨ϵǴת֮ٶȰڳ֪ѿˣԽܵġѵãԼͶɼŮˡˣҪŬʱ䣬ѵ
̨Ͽ첽ߣ̻ΣȾ֣ʱڳ˳ǣʱڳϬţ£ʱϷҶʱè׷βͣЩʱɴϥҡͷμ磬ɻģ飬Ķ
ĸͣĸСԲӣСԲƨɣű仯зɣУʹϻ֮
Զ޿ˣǵۣɳһŮһ֣ŮظӣܶµȥΪһ塣
ԶµļһѨˮֱУ̨ϵŮ֣ͦƨɡŮ鰴ļͦѨаҡƨɵģŵ˽š
¼Զ²˳ϣ˷ȣѾǰˣҲѪӿǿҲˣ۳̨ϵŮɻչʾ壬ջ֮Ϸ̲סҲѧԣŮԼİϣڼ裬˵ĲٸдСǽְҵԵģҲ˵ĵõһ㡣
ɺᾫУһʱĶԭշepubУtxtӭᣡhttps://about.me/hulishe
ԸˣĿֻ̨ϡ
ԲԲǺ˺ߣŮɡ
ǼۣЦţ˵üһҶܻ
ԲԲߵҶҲ˰ɡ̨ϵ椶ô⻹̶ţ
ٺһЦʵΪʲôһ£
ԲԲشﲻʺϡĿҶﳤƳһֿ̨ۣϡ
̨ϵǴվ˫סõıԵָţĺңʵڲˡԣѾĿǰĳ߶ˡ
̨£ճһŮƺƵĵţ֪Ѿόˡһ뵽ֻһ̲סҶﳤȥֻ֣һϲæץ̨£ڼ裬ͬİӡ
ܵҶﳤǰš
Ҷﳤüʲô
Ǵϣ˵ҿƣڽһ𣿡е˷ܣΪˣǾӹһѡ
ҶﳤЦ˵ɵﰡҶƣǽѿãѹ˲׼š
ǴɫһԼ⣬µĺһͷ
ô죬Ҫػ̨һ𣿡͸ίͿɬ
ҶﳤֻСáһСԲ俴ͷɫ򿴵ú˵ĺһһ¶ţżһԼҵġ
ٿǸڿãϵĸֺеðװ۵ģڻ谵ԵסֹҲĹǺڰסġ
ҶﳤŵϵĻһﻹʪϢһθʱͷֵġ䲻̫ŨһּǿĴڡ
ҶﳤĿϸϸظǴǴζǸµļڵӲһ׶Ĵǹˡ
Ǵ˲Ϊŭˣ̧һƣûбԶĿһʱǸ󼦰ڻ谵бϳϸߣȸղ˱ʱ򻹴š
ʱΪ̨ûˣСˣҲˣΪ֡ԣǴüǱ˵ҰĽŮ˵ļԼǵĴ
ͬʱǴҲ˵ĺִصģİġ
ֺ˲ֹһˡûɵؾ˵ˣҲҪٴҲˡŲ󣬿Ҷﳤˡ
ٺЦ˵ʲô߰¶ûš̨ϵıݣɰҺˣҪ㿴ǰˣ㲻Ҹˣߣûš
Ҹˣ̣µһֻ׵ĸ
ҶﳤɫЦǾҪıˡֺãһ˵ˡֲãǸ˹ˡ
⻰ǴͷƤ飬ٲ˵ʲôϽǰֱŵظ£Լ
ƺûпķһ£һʵǴǵһ̨ɣ
ǵġǴ£˾ٸ첲
֪赸ܴٷ𣿡
Ҳ롣Ǵŷա
ҸɣԴʮֵĸ߷ˡ
Ҹ
һѾˡԺΣԵˣ˭Ҳ
Ǵû˵ֲǼŮѧǸﰡֻ㣬һˣغùһһˡ
㲻ᣬûϵģҿרҽ㡣Ҫһɰˣ˷
ѹˣЦǺǵɳϣ鲻
ǴǰҲûôĹˣ˿ѵһ˵ﵽ˵ϡ
ûֱӸɽȥһ§סһסһֻӣζƵġָͷֲּģᳵ·
û£ǴһֻƵƨϣ³ץƨ⣬Ľۡϸ塢ʵա
ãȻ󣬵ðƨҲƨָһģ
ֳ˻ϲǴֻǺһûԼˡֻǸǿ鷸ߣǸħƵĴڡ
еڣΪѣʧ֪統ѳҹˡܴ˴Ѳ֪ôѹš
ϵɲǸ֣֪ôŮһϳʺ壬һšֻƨɣĴţСƨɵԶĺðҸ˵˭ҲȲ㡣
Ұ۵ġǴ˵£΢ۣԵؼӿˣˡӻᷢģ˽еģӲסˡǰʧ̬Ǻܶ˵¶
¶аЦݣһӣһƨɣΪ˲ˤǴֻаļҪˤˣɲˡ
ðҵСĸηˣǾġǲƨˡһŮġˣСջϣɦ¡
Ǵ̲סŶһҪˣġ
ôţҵıŮŮûһطһš
һ⻰Ǵһ£Ҳ֪ߣ̼
㲻ҪӡɣͿɰɣ߰ɡһӲˡǴߴţ±ѹŵĴҲţ̻̲ġһǶԼḶ֮́زز



14 ֮۶

ԱߵԲԲҶﳤǱߣ˵Ҷ̲סˣҪСˡ
Ҳ۾ţ˵ҲɣҲʼɡһִֻļ
ԲԲƵ֣˵첻СﲻסˣȥһɡҲԸˡ
ûӣ˸С㣬Űϱ֣¶ӣ±߶ȹBȹһǰкүãô棿
ٺЦ˵Ǹµ椡ź򡣡
Ůķ°үＱȺȱƵġ
˵ԶԶˣݡ
Ůı㺬һھƣ廳Ҫιơ
֣㻹档æȥӾƣĿ⻹ǿҶﳤǱߡǸϤϣ²椵ݡԶ϶Լʶġ
ǱߵҶﳤǴҲҪˡ
ҶﳤָڡﻬʱָմʪˡСѨߣֱˮˡ
Ǵ˺öˮ
ǴɧŵñӺߺģȡЦȣæ͵ǽŵģŻˡ
ҶﳤЦ˵һû˵Ů˽Űˮšֻųġﲻ򰡡
Ǵһ˵ҪҪȥԭ˵ָСѨһµָߵ⣬ˮøࡣ
Сëʪ͸ˡëడҼŮëġ˵ŮëԽ࣬Խǿ
ǴһһҲģ󲻴󡣡
Ҷﳤӱһѹеܲסˣ˵ǴԼѼͷ߰ɡ
Ǵûж˵ǸŮӣġ
ҶﳤֱЦ˵ǴҸٹˣѾŮӣٸˡ㣬ĻЩ˹㡣
Ǵŵһ飬˵ҷžˣǰ
Ź
Ģ́ƨɣһִ׼ѨڣСȥûȥ
Ҷﳤˣ˵˫ַϣһѹһȥˡ
Ǵ۵üӺһӲѽҪĽѹסˡ
оСѨŵúô󰡣ҪѿˣҪѪˡȻѾǳˣǲɽ롣
Ҷﳤһһ泩ССţÿνȥе̫ˡ죬Ѽȫ̽ȥɡ
Ǵű𴦴ĴϢֻţǰӴ͸СŸУǼġ
ĬĬذСԲƨȫ£ǸµĴӳԵ
ӶĴʱǿҵĿ͵سǴʹһ̲ס﷢һæ졣
СԼҿ㷢˵ӣкӡҶﳤЦҲ͸һ˿˿
ǴҲ˫ְ˵ļŤתģԼѨҽҴţŪѨһһɵر仯ţǴܣҶﳤҲؽš
ҲţҶﳤС椸ˣۿС椵ӰҶܵϵţǱɵøˡ
Ҳ£ѵԼŮˡǣǹǷѣټϵŮ˽ԿưǱѰãݼҲߡŸ˰ʮ£㱻Ů˸ˡ
ʱ򣬶޵Ľɱһ㣬ʮ
˼ҶˬԼҲܱţǸСϽСųӣ϶˹ȹһȥˡԭС±յġ
ļͽȥˣССѨɣ㱧ƨͶĿҶﳤǴϴת
˴˶ܿԷӰӣƹ̫٣ʲôϸڡԷǱж֪Էɵùš
¸֮󣬱Сһ£ǶҶﳤŮȤվֵɳ£ΪҶﳤġ
ӰӸˣôˣɻǿڻ谵УܸоǴֻŤйĹӿӿǳԾ
ǵĺˣҶﳤҲĶſ죬סһץһٵĴϢ;ͦУͿ֪жˬ
һĻ´ΪĽ
ŮſڵϣӺžžظţ˵
λһŮˣҪҪ氡
ǮһЦ˵쾭ѾԱˣˡ
ﶭ˵ҵÿҶֶܼð
͸ɼ£СɵѽѽֱУƵŤ
Ҹ˵ҶܵĹǿšҿ֪ģ˼ǽǹ
ô
֪Ů˭ãôԶܸоǺ«İСһ٣ôûţѵС㲻У
˫ַСĿ貿ײСƨһһʵģ˵Ҹ˵ҶܸϲҸŮ
ôţŮĲС㣿
ҿ񰡡ҪСĻеñˡγӣѨĥ˼ĥȻһӴ̽ȥ̵СеˣҪ̴ɧư
֣ķƨ͵һǣµүҪǴ̴Щɧơ
ɵ֣²Ȥֻ۾ֻҶܿǱߵһ紵ݶӲ˵۾ȻˣڹӰ죬ǻǴٶ
ȸѨԶ²ʵɣǧ£˳
ҲҶﳤǱߡҲֵ֣ӡ
Ц˵аúøԼŮˣϷˡǲֻиһڵ
²֨ԶЦˣ˵쾭ҿɲÿθɣܸš˵ŻɵСӸϵƻƵһţץץþЩСֱлҰ۵ġ
ԶЦСɧ㳤ô⣬ǸġۻʲôڼŶá
СӦ˭ǮҪǮš
ԶЦǾͺáҶӣһǮˡֺֻܷСһŪС㲻ʱг
ˣԶ»СǰС򼦰͡С㲻죬Զ±˵һǮģ㡣
СԶֱͷתǱߣڹעǱߵķչﻹб뷨
㻹˵Զ治ǴģС˼ӣǸ͵Ķٶ̧ͷƽˡȻûͷһӲҲˡ
Ǳʱµı仯ǴǸҶﳤģǱɶˡ
һƣǴŤӣ̷ǱߵɳϺü˫ˡܹ߰ҲܿĶ֮⡣
һ֣ʹǴĽƵĴսСѨҲ͵һӣеҶﳤһϴѹȸģ
æѹסҪͷʵСôˣҪ߳ˣ
ǴŲ˵ͷһ뿴š
Ҷﳤ翴ˣΪȻ˵Ϳʲô͸̨Ƶģʵʲôġ
һ°ǴתεӣԼѨ趯һĿʹе㷢ΣгǲܽС
뵽ǰ˵ڣԼ뵽Լ׼ͣ˹ͣʵǺ߳ܵ¶ôţԼǺùǼŮֻҪŮɣűΧšԼǺŮӡ
ǣǵġ
š
Ҷﳤ˫ֹѹ죬ƨͦøŮɵø
ǴӺߺߵģβţĿЩˡ뵽ǳԼˣ뵽һĿԼ϶ӣӣýţĪشһϲʹ̼֤ԼƵġ
룬ҪЩ˳ô죿



15 ŭ

Զ°ӲǿǱߵǴֻڻ谵øܾСƵġȻͷӣҲ
ƾֱҲǼƷЩСǿɱȣʢҰ̧ͷ
䲻ģǴȥǶȥŵȣ˱
ҶﳤɫȻͦӣɵǴ̵ģӶ϶طҲ֪ϲûǿ
Ǵ䲻ߵǰһͻȻһǿƵġ
ֳδģ¼ˡ
Զ½뿴Ǹ椣ͷɫ֮£ʧȥǣǴץȥ
Ǵ۵סܵشŵüһʧɫ񱻷蹷ҧһڣ֪룬ֽŶˡ
ԶеźЦҶܣãһɫˣҲʰɡ˵ŻµǸٵúøߣһһ̵ضš
˻һǴķһӱ̱ڵءµľҶﳤԼ͸˵Ҫܵġ
Ҷﳤ벻ô仯
վһѰǴϵԼץһֻƿӺݺݵˤϣˤһƬˮĽˣֶͣŵԶ˼ɫˡ
ѻȸҹķĹ
ҶﳤͦأЦԶ£ҵˣһСĸɲС㣬˭Ҳһ¡
⻰˵ðԵӲ쳹Ǵˣһ˵أֻԼˣ޵ĸоһӶ˵ټ֣˶ԼеϲģֻıԺͲԼˡ
ʹ֣˵ĺ£˫סĸ첲һӡ
ǸԶ԰Ҷﳤо𣬱ƾյĴͻȻһЩˣʶãæЦҶܣ㿴ʵڶԲˣΪģġ㿴۾ϹӣûпҶˡ
Ҷﳤ΢Ц˵㻹벻ˣĻҾ͸㡣⻰˵ÿͿģȴǿ
Զڰ֣Ʋң˵Ȼǵãĸš̫ԲסˣҵǸˡ
ҶﳤЦ˵һҷﰡ㻹ϴ𣿺ߣҲǶСҹǱߵˣԺ㡣ҪʱҪȡʩŻ
ǰﶭ¼²顣ֻĺ岻ǾԼԼ롣
ļ˼ƷơǸС㣬۾ȴעߡ
Ҷﳤûб̬ԭ
Զ½ߵƣԼȵ첱ӴֵģһĳϿҡ
Ҷﳤ˵ȥɣǳѰĵġСùȥˡ
ͬӦԼϡ
Ҷﳤ˴ɨһ£ְǴɳϣ˵Сǻûи꣬Һúòɡ
ǴɰҶﳤûпܡ
ҶﳤŵļŮ
ʲôǴʡ
ˬһ¡ҶﳤţٶȲǴСѨһ¸û£㴫
Ǵ˵ҲҪˡ
Ҷﳤظ嵽ף±ߵĽպͶˮ˵С¡
Сˣһһҵ̣ʣµһ˫ǴţŪǴĺأŤʤţең߿ܵġûгȺϷζ
СղźǶʼС椣϶ˣó˵ֶΣ;տõСŮӣǵĶ֣ŤߣˮϣֱУҪҪ֡
ҶﳤС˵ķӦС˵Ľ̵زЦСϲζġʶӿ죬ǿعš
Ǵ˵ĲŪŮŪеӲʱزţţʱҪιȥ
ЩΧ˹ܸղ¼Ӱ죬ǲǰֻţС椵Ĵ˾ˬԶﲻܣϣԼƾŶĲɻ飬Ҷ϶ŮժߣһټŮ䡣СѨһˬɡ
ǱߵǴܲš
˵žžײУֻԲԲϵһģͷǵͦţӣˡ˵ˣŮҲϲ
̵Сˣģٶȴ죬ֱ졣۵һһ޵ġ
һʹǴĳټ˵ĳ壬˫ֱץɳоʱҪӵĺӴˡ
ͬʱ֫ŤӵķСԲƨҲڻתţƨϵһһģγĲˡķ羰
˵Ľ£ʮӣǴ㴭ϢúϼĿ𣬺촽źţһ˫ץСѨеÿ
Ҷﳤ֪ô¶Ӵ岻ѡ
СһСҶﳤƨɣԼӴ󹥻һСҧͷһּһֻͷʹǴеۡ
СǴӿǴı
Ǵ֫Ҷţֻÿһ񾭶裬ͷӲӲģСѨ۵ģģʹ࣬׵ϣޱߵĿռƮ
뵽ǱһȺ˹ۿ£һǿҵ˷ܣо
ˬҲĿܣҲΪԼĽ
Ŵ췢ʱҶﳤļͱСѨҧúýҲˣúöȣ̵ǴֱߺߣҲŸ߳ˣ̯֫һֽƮ
ԭ˺ݸɣŪôֻôˣҲǱ硣
ˣС֪Ȥ߿
Ҷﳤͷ˵ǴϣǴ־ͷ
Щ£ҶﳤѾ¶ӦȻˣҶܿǸиְŮˣʵҲ൱ˡ
һͬЦ
ǱߵǴںЦ𷴸С˵ıģ˵ˡ
ҶﳤûҴҴ£ԼҲ
ʱҶﳤͳһǮ
Ǵܾǿ
ȥɣúϢһ¡
ǴһǮɫȹˡٶȱʱɿöˡ
ҶﳤǱߴתЩ¶Ҷﳤ棬治쵼͡
˵Се찡
ҶﳤһЦ˵϶ʶġ
ظԲԲ֪ðˡҶﳤߣôƵġ
ƣԼҲ𱭣ţʲô
һҶﳤһڣԲԲһСڡ
ԲԲͷҶﳤ΢ЦҶܣ벻ôҰôŰ
Ҷﳤţ˵ŬʱҪŬÿʱҪ֡Ȼ񲻷һ
ԲԲͷð⻰ͬ⡣һᣬϣ˵ҶܣȻô棬֣ҿԽŮӸġж񫣬ͷܽţؿζҲҪ
Ҷﳤӡ󲻻ûƿ
˰ɣҶûøС
ԲԲ˵㲻ϲģһԸܱŮӡֻҪԸ⣬ҿԽһЩŮġΪԭҪǮ˵ţҶܣ
Ҷﳤԥˡ崿Ůӣе˼
ʱֻһУԭһСڵأɹһ
Ҷﳤһ㶣æ߹ȥЩҲȥˣҲվ
쾭ô¶Ҷﳤʵ
ɴӣŵ޵С˵ӷˣҪһָƤ
˿ɳϵŮѾˣ¶һСϴ߰װ׵ġ
ĵϣһʮһԵϵСеȥѷ᳤ҽ
һ᳤ؽˣƣĸסˡ
£ȻҾʹ㡣
᳤ŵͨڵأᶼˡ
ҵĴûйܺáһϲģԺٲ¶˵ţ᳤ֱͷ
廹һŽ߷ڵأ̤һֻʱֱס
ô¶ɡ
÷᳤һȥˡ
̾£ûˣСߡ
һӣĲŽ˵᳤˵ˣƷƴǮʹøֶΣͶƷֹط˶ܺˡ˵úܾȴ屩ס
ҲģˣﵽͷʺҪѪ
Ҷﳤ³ɺޣ˵ǵ˻ڰʱˡ
ͣͬ



16 ı֮ҹΪ

ҶﳤǿŶԸʱˣ˼Ҳ
ͬһҹһһӣӡֻһյСƣƹ
ƽȵϣӿĶСҹ
СҹźݾֱҪˡ
ɫĶ̷İĵƹмֹ죬Ƭڴ͸ˡһſ죬ɭɭ֮η
ڵŲȰѩϵĿġͬǣų·ϵſۣûпߵ׶ġͷزǸʵģƵģⲽĶΡΡģ˷
ȻɫҲֻżһ۾ˡӲҴ⡣һֻĸӣŭ˺㡣
ðƻ̫Ҫ
ðƻ̨֧֮ԽԽ࣬λԽԽȣⲻ뿴ġҪ
Ҹ׵Ĺ˾Ҹ׵ĲƸƾʲôռšҲ
ҲҪ꣬ҪʹҪѣҪ
Сҹҧгݵģһ˱תƣÿһ仰ﶼ͸ԹŭҪҶﳤվǰĸһȥ˺ҧʹҧҲҪѪȾķɡ
ʱƣʱʱĺĵӰһԲ
Сҹ߶ˣſ
ôưˣĻأСҹĿúôҲ
һЦ˵С㣬ڰš
ûУ
Це˵뵽һ롣ҳ̵֧ģһͳˡ
Сҹһ˵ҵҪʲô⡣
ûУ⵹С
ǺðҵҪˡСҹⲽˣϸֳһ˿Ц
ͳҪϡСҹȻ˵Ҳһϡ
Сҹָ̣Լ̣뵵У˵˼ʡ˭Ҳ˵ĳ̣̣ﾲúܡ
һ֧ˣСҹһ̽ʵʲô
ЦЦЦúգü͵һ顣
СҹˣĬ룬ͷⲻǺá˼ɣܱСӲҲǲƤðξͿˡԽԽЦ·ѾҶﳤǵʹĲ
ҲЦˣŶСҹЦѵĴӣ˿ڿˮ
ЦգСҹ߸˵ˡ
͵ſڣԶȥıӰݺݵһڿˮһͷԼĿɾȻ֧
ȻʧЦ˵Ҹطˡ֪ôǰʩӾӰӡ
磬бĽ⳷ڽСԺ洦ɼ̵ôһ̳ɫ涷ޣʹжЩҷ
һʱϸСԶСˣԴһС۵ļΪ̫ڴ˰ˡ
ΪӳԼѼаοǴҵġ֪ϸھɰܵĵˣÿʱһҲʱһİʱѲߡ߷ãȷƽ¶
磬żгһӣռȶ·ߣСѲߣŹκһ䡣֮ԼЦ;⡣
С۾ҲУڶĸͷЩġ
ӳڲ֪һԱҲͦٵġղžŮЦš
ž˵ĲվڶԱߣһŸ࣬ȱ˶šǸīϢ
ֻעѲߵĿˡ
˲С۾㿴ˣû̫̫ڶš
˶ʱЦһƬյҲһ
Ȼ󣬽յֻһİĺ롣
ιãλ
սӳ
ʵ˭
ҵˣǿûٴ򽻵

ǡ
С۾ͣʵӳɶ
շŵ͵绰ǰһ֣˼˵ǰɡ
С۾㵱ʱӳЩǰߣһɻ֡Ǽһɲʲô࣬ǰЩӻ
Զղʣл˵ûĥ˼ĮĿĿԶȥĶ顣
бҪ̸Ųæ˵
Ҳˣûʲô̸ġе㲻ͷˡ
𼱰¶ˣ˫
ˣʹɡ
áҾֱ˵ˡҪϹңǵ̸
˵ʲôλҺæû㡣˵ţҪҵ绰
Ц˵ӳҪǷµ绰ҲŮӷˡ
һ⻰һе㲻š
ӷĶŮϹС꼶ԴӼͥɢ֮ôһˣ˵ʱ㣬Ӧ÷ѧؼˡ
ƭңŮö˶˵ģôš
Ц˵Ǻö˶˵ڷѧ·ϣǱ뵽ҵĵˡ
ҲĻǿ򾲣Ȼӿˡ
Ǿ
󣬵绰ﴫְְǲǺˣˡȻŮյúֱҪˡ
ӷ£ְֺܿȥ㡣ǿʹͺޡ
ְ֣ˡǻẦġŮȻûô־塣
绰漴СѾͷаеɫôͣȻ£Ϊ롣ͦѵð죬
֣ǧԽԽСǱ˸תˡ
һͭǵĽͻȻԼܣƣûð
ǧ˺лǿԺú޹ġ
ЦЦúò⣬òƺһʤƵġ
գģһҶܺáҪˣҿɱסˡ֪רһЩŮȤġ
յһ˵㵽ôɡǲҪ˵ϻ
áҾϲˬˡҲ˵Ҫ𣿾ʲôǵ̸ָӣҰɡ
ðɡոоԼĺۡ
ǳ˵ǰͷҪ͵ŸŮʬɡ
һմ绰ɫˡ
ˣأ𣬴¡ʹԴһüͷŮѨһ˭ƿŮͷͷˡ
ãȻǰţ޲ߡ˽һģ֪˰ԼŮԼ¶캦Ļ¡ɲʲôԼܶȻؾһΪŮİȫ
صԼİ칫ң˽С۾˵¶Ҫȥһˡ
С۾þˣϤ̩ɽ˵ˣʶæ˵ӳʲô¶Ըͷ֨һ
ҡͷȱȥȥͻء첽ȥ
С۾룬ǲͨҶﳤĵ绰



17 ׵ȥ

ָ·ջŽǶߵҵ
һƫƧطǰ˼Ҳ࣬Ҫָ·ŵͼҲҲ
һĹԺӺôжධӣġĶСڽŵĵһǺשߵƽ
һţǸȣڶſţھͿˡǸӣܿ£ܸɾһľͷϣȴһľϣµؿǽǵһӡŽĿ
յŮ￿һϣŲ
ԱߵһϣһˡӺܴȥһ϶ûˡҪվͷ϶Ƚյ͡
ͷëӡͣʮ꣬ͷ̡̾Ĵָ֣ðһ̡ڵУǺںȫ
ˣӶֻ̡ܳ
һŮһᣬҪȥʩȡһһεѹʹΡ
Ůӷһս۾ţּ¡
ǿһЦ˵ӷֻȥġ
Цһָӣ˵ӳΪ㲻š
Ҳû˵Ůˣܲ𣿡
վӷȥ˵еǸүǡ
ҲȥŻˡ
ƽӷȻСǳð۵ģһ˫۾ֻżȺ͵ǡ
΢ЦŮˣǸˡҿɲһʬ塣
һݣʵ˵ˡ
ٺֱЦЦ﷢ëԱߵһһӣ˿ߵİɫҺ壬΢΢һΣҺ
ӳ֪ʲô𣿡Žգָһƣһˮڸߴ¡
еҽˣ
ӳǺĬҸɣⶫβģǶƷ
ᣬȴһڽյĶߺϡտԲµʲô
ڽӷǰ˻Σ˵ֻҪҸעһ룬Ⱳӿɵˡһ뿪ƷܲҺܲҵġ
ܵ˵ĿİɣҪôſϷŮչ򾲣˶Ӫȷ
ҪԼȭɵôëͷ϶ϳ
²ڸǰƫһţһǵ֮
ҪɱҶﳤĵ˵ÿһֶ˵ú
ԭ֮Уǽջһ˵ʵΪҰ
˺һ˵
ӷĸ첲ЦǴӦǲӦ㲻ӦҾһȥ
ӷգۣһҡͷǲ޳ɸ״Ӧġ
Ů˼ߣȴ޷š
ɱҶﳤôװҪףˡ
ֱŽգ˵⻰ûǲɱδɱˡɱķҶˡһϸظ㡣źͷ
̧첲֪֡ٻʱһѵ͵յĶӣֳӣһѪ˳
ֺֿݣʤ
ʹһӣѪָʳָȾˡûкһֻü
ǰĽӷŻˣţģ˫ۡ
նŮһЦ˵ӷְû¶ְֺþûѪˣôٽ³´л
һ˵ӷˣ˵¡
Ǹëͷ˼Ѫ۾ȴˣһ˷ܡ
Цˣ佱գȷһúһˣͿĨᣬɱһˡ
ӣȾĲ֣ϵѪһε¡
ΪʲôҪͱһ
ͱ㣬Ǹһѵ㲻Ҫ˼룬ר¶
ǣ˵㲻ͱңûɱҶﳤ𣿡
ЦɱҶﳤ¶ɱɣͱҪһŮӷбһۡ
ӷᣬţļˡ
ص칫£ЦؿŽգ˵ӳɡǵ̸ؼԵĶˡ
ʹȥϡ
ǵ⣬°ͣ
ӳȥˡ
˵ôӣߵ·ˡ
з۾˵㲻ôġΪ˾ŮҲûȥǲˣҲɱҶﳤ˵ţӳͳһǹϡ
ǹ㣬ҶﳤɡһǹƵ˽ǰ
ʱһͷǹһ룬ԷҲɵӡ
ְһ˵ӳӵšա
պߵѵǹҶﳤ𣿡
һЦֽԸ˵ǸˣӦ֪øʲôһָǱߵëͷ˵֪ΪʲôûҵЩǶڱķ䡣ҺһɤӣǣҲҪֻҪӢˡ
տǸӢţԳ̣ĿⶢŵϵѪ
Ӣ̩á̩ĸְʮΧӵġӳֺãлԸдһӡǰˣ˰ɡ
ôһ˵յĿһ֪·ǲˡ
ָǰǹ˵ǹɵҶﳤ
սװãǹȻӣ˵Ҽʱ䣿
ͷգ˵ˡ֮ǰҾҪĺϢҪˣңٺ٣Ҳע䶾Ʒҵʱ˲Ůġ˵գЦЦ쳣̶ýͷۡ
ھ߰ɣʱ䲻ˡҵʤ
ǹ볯һǹܣԲܡҪֻһ˵ĻͻȥˣŮ
Լƴˣһ׬һŮҪȫˣǾˡ̩ľëӱضǸӲͷοﲻ֪Ķٹš
վʹŮԶͣס˵ޣӷңֺܿġ
ӷ۵Űְ֣Գҭҭġ
ճһЦһᣬ߳ӡһǹһ˿ڡ
˵ӳúøɰɡֻҪɱҶﳤҵѡҲġ
û֨絶һ㡣
ΪҶﳤصɳͻȥ˵Ҷﳤҿ㻹ôţ˴㣬ǶˣãضСҹø˰ɡ
ǱߵҶﳤڰ칫šӵС۾ĵ绰󣬱֪鷳ˡ̬ܺãŮе졣
أ¶ȹһȣϵĸ˻᲻ţ
飬ε¶㿼ǵˣҶﳤеЦݣٶҲǺʿģȴһ뷨
ٵͷ˵ҶܣҿһǲȥΪá
Ϊʲô
ҺǶĸˣǿҲκζԲ¶
ҶﳤЦеؿ˵ֻͬΣ㲻öԲ¶㿴ʶҶô
ٻһ£϶˵Ҷܹܺأǻˡ
⻰ҶﳤֱЦĵһ죬ҵļͲȥˣ㻹᲻ô˵أ
ȻҲǻˣ͸ȥҪҪҸ̸̸
ֵٰǲҪˡ
͸ȥɡ
ҡ
Ҷﳤע⵽ŮüͷӺܺÿҪǸһÿɡ



18 ԱݲŽи

Ҷﳤ칫ʱҶﳤϣ΢Цſ
գˡ
֪Ҫ
Ҷﳤվ˵ܸоõֽմż·°Գ·ƽɻǲʱһü
ôˣա
ʹ˵ͷû¶
Ҷﳤһָɳ˵ɡ¶˵š
ҲûСɳϡҶﳤˣôһ򵥶Ҳʹϵļһ£֪ˡ
ҶﳤһɫһѿȫǮ
ǽǮûȥֵǷְַɣһ
յؿһۣ˵ͷǮɡиҪ¶˵
ҶﳤǮŻȥϣ˵գ㣬ôܵˣҿ˵ôɡ
룬߸°ڣֻϲźıһ͸һЩѪ
Ҷﳤһ㶣վ󲽹ʵô
շ°ڣȻһЦ˵С¶ʲô
˵㣿
ջشԣץŮִһ˵ɱ㡣ͳǹɳһġ
Ҷﳤǹ̩Ȼ
㲻Ӧ˷ʱ䣬ӦһžͿǹŶԡ
Ҷﳤ;ҡͷ˵ͷҾˣƽʱǺܺõġô㿪ǹţ
Ҷﳤʵ㲻ҿǹʲô
տЦȥһ飬Ҷﳤֺޡ
˿ߵɫ˵ʱ治ˡ
Ҳ˿죬˵Ҳڽˡ
ҶﳤȻһץǹ׼յԴָڰϣ˵ֻҪһûˡ
̩ɽ˵뿪ǹͿǹɡɱ㣬Ǹˡ
Ҷﳤǹڴ˴̫ѨЦʣգĲ
̾ϢֻҪˣûвġҴƴ˰뱲ӣȻԸ䵽زϣ˺á
⻰ô˵
ǵͷǳôã͸ֵһҾɱҲԸɱ㡣
Ҷﳤһ˵Ǻֵܣ㻹ɱˡ
˵ҲɰұƵġԼŮҲġΪŮֻˡһǹҰɣ˵Ҳһֽѡ
ҶﳤٺЦ˵˵̫ˣھһǹ㡣ҵĺò£ҵĺֵܣҲɱˡһ̫Ѩָ˹
պη壬˵ҪɱֻɱɡɱңҺԹԡһ¶ֻҪҰɣ޺ҾڵҲмġ
ҾŮ
ԡ˵ˣ֮ǰɱ㣬ҪŮˡ
Ҫš
Ӧͷ
ҴӦˡҶﳤ
̫ˡҵĺ쵼ֵܡټ¶ϲɫ
Ͱ·ɣһᴦһеġ
ҲĿˡպ۾ˣ·ŮѾȳˡ
˺һ칫ͻȻһǹ죬ʱ˱ݵˡ
ٵһ칫ܿ죬⣬غţ˽ȥǸظλ¶һԼ
һСʱ󣬵ҶﳤͽҽԺȵڵһְͣڼҵӰˣǳ⡣
ĿǰӰܲΪҪˣԼĴƻȫˡ
˼䣬Լĵ绰
绰ﴫЦΪĸ񾭲šҪҶϣˣҪ
Ӱһ㶣ʵǹ
ǹһͷԷɭɭ˵
ޣҿһɫŶԡʵ˵ô¶Ӱ
ڹңǲʩĻˣ
ٷƨҪ㣬˵ףԺȵô¶
ԷЦˣ˵ھƵɡ
Ӱһ˵㵱ɵϣҲŲȥšһ뵽ϴھƵ￴ʩĴϷ;úöģ¡
ȥɡ
УУҼҡ
ӰһԼļúңԼ¿ţôҪǣҪ֪ԼסǲǺ

㡣֮ҲȥѣҼҡ
ðɣһȵɡ
ԡ
ܿ죬һҿȵˡҶﳤŸīƵġժ
һ棬ҶﳤͿӰԽԽƯ
Ӱһţзưĳռˣǻ⥣ټϺģ˫ȣóջ󰡡
˶ԷӰðһ˪
ϻ˵ңô¶򿪰ĵӻҵƵֻǾȻХﻤʿҽܵģҶﳤ۾ţźöӣɫǹˡ
Ҷﳤ²ؿһԼţЦЦؿġ
ӰѵӹˣҶﳤ˵ýһ°ɣ
Ҷﳤûش𣬷߿Ͽȡһں
ӰһŤͷߵţ
ҶﳤһЦ˵һϷûϺһˮ
ӰЦѡˣӦȥԱ
аһȥԱŮǣݸƬ
Ӱһü˵Ҷﳤҿûո㳶Ƥӣ˵¶
ҶﳤͷãҾ͸ˡҪܵġ
ԭҶﳤûпǹաȻǹɱҲΣ˼ҲûԽɱʲôɱأǵĹͬ˿
ҶﳤͽһӪȼƻͰѽմˣȻǽϿһǹٳʱһҶﳤվģģһĿ
ҶﳤʾԼļƻ¶
ٲʲôĿģĻˡ绰ҽԺǶȻȻһҶﳤװˡڸĴкˣһա籾չ
ǣýӵػҶﳤǹҽԺȵϢһҷˡֽӡ㲥ȫҶﳤͷ
㶮˰ɣ
ҶʲôԽ˵ԽͿֻ֪װŪû¶ȴװһӡӰûغһۡ
Ҷ˵ôˣ㻹ž١Ҷﳤ˫һ̯
ӰĿ罣Ҷﳤ˵Ҷﳤ㽲ЩˣҾеһӰĽ֣ں벿֪֡ͷʲôΪʲôҪԱôϷĶʲô
ҶﳤЦЦ˿غ˿ڿȣ̧ͷӰ
ӰһŶ˵촽Ůʣ¡ߵأ˳
ž٣ʵ˵æˡ
Ӱһۣ˵ʲôɫҿġҪҸǱΪ飬ǰΡ
ôẦţΪ˾ˡ
Ӱæʣô¶
ҶﳤҲ˵˽յ
ʼĩӰһӣ˵Ӧһǹ
ӰüŭĿҶﳤ˵ˡæͶˡ



19 뻢Ѩǧ

ӰĿҶﳤϡ
˰ܰôƫң
ҶﳤЦž٣㲻Ǿ𣿡
ӰĺһתŶһ˵ˡ
žӦ˰ɣ
ô϶һӦ
Ҷﳤ佱˭֪žĻаĿǰ
ӰЦҶﳤôߣˤ˵ˣаĿǣһͻ㡣
ҶﳤЦž٣֮ᡣгɼʱ䣬Ǻú̸̸϶ܱɺѵġ
ӰһۣȺ֣ۡһ٣ǲǹġ
ҶﳤЦЦûпĿֻϴת
˵ϣҶﳤҲ˷ѿࡣΪ˷ѿ塣ǰ¶Ҫ
ӰҶﳤԼûˣе⡣
Ŀɶˣ͵ץ֤ݣҾֱӰͽȥ
ιһϺʲôȰ㲻żôģӰû˵
Ҷﳤȵȣ˵ҰѽսǱϼһӡ
ûãսˣӰкߵͷ
ӰŽգ˵ȻѾҪˣɱˣֱ˲͵ˣ
̾ҡҡͷ
Ҷﳤ΢΢һЦ˵Ϊ׷̫߿ˡ
Ӱ룬˵գ绰ˡ
տһҶﳤҶﳤûзԡ
ղͨĵ绰Ѿ˵ģɱҶﳤˡ
绰ﴫЦϲ
ѾڵϿˡܺãܺãҪġ
ռٵ˵ҪߣҵôŮһͬߡ
ģš
Ͻˡռ
ٺЦˣ˵ںԶģҷһ߲ȫġҿţ㻹ǹɡ
кҪǸŮɱȫҡ
Ц˵Ů㣬ڲԶˡ
շµ绰Ҳڡȭͷյÿֱ졣
ҶﳤӰ˵ž٣㿴˰ɣ
Ӱ¶֮ɫ˵ԭΪϵ˶Զš
ҶﳤпﶼһӴˣʲôС
ûб·ѡˣֻҪȥȡ
տӰ˵ž٣ҪΪĻҽվԼȥˡ
ӰָԼȥûõģҰ㡣
л
ӰɨһҶﳤ͵Ů˵ĶˡοŮôСˣ˵ϻôȣ
Ҷﳤˣгоһ£һ򣬼ƻ¯ˡ
Ӱýոţȥȥûؼ׼һ¡
ٶȻʱҶﳤˣȴС۾ʮԱ֪˭ӰͬʺáӰ֪ⶼҶﳤĹӣˡֻһˡ
ϵϹǰʱǰ߲ϼɫġ
ŻһʱǶͣ
ٶȽĵΣסݷֲ˵Ǹ̩˲öԸҾãûˣûаܴ
ӰڰɫһԵ÷ǳ׾ǳӨһ˫ĿɨŴżΧǽ˵ӳҼˡа취ԸǸӵġһҪȳŮ
յͷ˵Ǿžˡ˵С۾˶žȥʱӦ
ʮͬǡ
Ӱһ֣˵ءӳ˶෴㡣һ˹ȥͻȻϮҲиõЧšЩ˻ǰɡȽȥˣνýΧǽȥθ٬ϸԲλȣԲ󡢽˳
С۾ʮ˶һ
С۾椲ãǾš
ЦС۾㶯˷ˣ
С۾ٺһЦ˵ɣҿɲҸͷŮˡɫسŴţæ죬ʶڲ˵ֻ
ӳžٸˣʲô
ճС۾ȱ¶棬ֱ·žٺҡһ¶Ҫʱٳ֡
С۾һ̽˷ֿ飬һſ
ŵ֣˵ֵǣһӲҪע⣬ҪԼİȫΪ򲻹ܣԼΪҽճллˡи
С۾Ǹæ
С۾˵ӳ˵⻰ˡǿɶԼҵְС۾Ȼ̰ƣΪ¶ҽ첻ҪǮǰӵҲڡ
ʣµҲ˵ҲǣҲǡ
ոжüҪᣬС۾ļٲ˵ʲôʹСȥ
ֻһΣҪȳŮҪɱˣɱҺˡԼŮ¶
˴ţԺʱһӣֻǰǶƽмǸŻǿţŵƣߵҲеƣһƬطյͨ
ſڷ󺺣գҲʣֻǳﺰϴ󣬽ˡ
Ӷﴫҵˡ
˶ţǸƣϣ˫ȴӣЦǺǵؿŵšȻҶﳤסԺȵˡ
ţ䵽ϣЦɵúãǸ˲š
Ŀһ֮⣬ӵһǻʮӣһĿƣһ֪ǡ
ǸŮ˿տյģҲǸ̩֡
ŮţµˣŮ
ָָӣ˵ӳȻ¶Ȼá
յˣʣ˵
Ҹ㡣
һӻǰϣ޲ó
ڷͷҵºӢţ԰ȫ
ҪǸ
ظ˵ģ˭ҪŮ㶯֣ȥɱȫҡ
պһ˵㣬ѾɵҶﳤôԶţ
쳤ӳŽգ΢Ц˵ûвˣֻʱһġ
ջվվü˴ü
ЦЦ۾ûˡ
ӳּˡƽʱصһ˵θɵõȷƯţһؼ⣬ûŲϷˡ
ʲô⣿
˵ҿˣסԺˣû˵ֻҽԺšһȣͻֽһǾȻˣһûȻһֿǰġ
ŭ˵˼ǣ
յһЦ˵ҵ˼ǣǶˣûĿǰû˵û͸ұȷˣҲܷŮ
սе̫ˣšѵҶﳤһ겻㻹ҪŮһ𣿡
۾˰֣˵𼤶Ҿͽȥ̽ϢֻҪȷҪˣ߿϶Ҳˡܿ˰ɣ
һӣһҪš
Ϊ˵ֻģһŮҽԺǱһкϢҾͷߡʱһ˰͹ȥˡ
մҪˣҪ˼ɣ˹ȥʹˡֻӰǱһ˳Ůʱȳ
ʱ򣬺ߴţ
һڵվҲת⡣
ƾǵľ飬֪ǹǶ֪ǳ¶漴еǣȥߡȫվ
ſһվסȥ·˵ȱߣǻû̸ꡣ
ˣеϲȹȥ
͵һ֣ЩһţһȺա



11



01 ǹå

ҹĻ٣Ǻ޶һ㡣ôԺӣôķӣںڰоšڵǶƽеƹ⣬ȫһԣӰױҵ˽ӷĹѺ֮ء
࣬ӯطǽأ˫ĿںڰԣȺڱʯйʡҲèһѸһ磬һ˽ӷĴ¡
һƣֱҪըӡ
ƻͨĴӷһϣһóţһ֣һĴȣӷŲֻŤӣӺߺߣţȦתţǿŲ
ĸˣﻹһţļһںëͷԱߵµؿúһ˫С۾ɳţ۾зҰް˷ܵĹ⡣
һؾǽ˵̩Ӣˡ
·Ӣµ̵٣˵
һԴЦһӷ˺һƬ¶˱ְ΢΢¡Сظ
һ£ӷӲꡣĸ˷˴̶Ц
ЦŴӰŭӡ
ԭתȦǰֽȥ쿴һµκ͵ٷǿŮԵ龰⻹һŮﻹ̵סҪ̣ͲӰˡ
һ̣ʲô侲ʲôǣʲôǻۣʲôţͳͳϡӰ¶ǲħӪŮŮ˵͸ô
Ӱ߳ţߵôķѣɳ׹ء
˴󾪣ͷʱֻӰͳǹҲ׼žžžǹӦأͷϵѪ
ǹֿ׼е߶ͬһλеûˣһ˫ŵ۾
ӰĵǹҲˣȴաӢȻͷǷӦ죬ǹ֮ǰǰ޷һȥˡӵǽ
ûӰٿǹӢƵĴӵϵһհƣϣǹԶƱ޳һʹ
ӰһǹȥӢŸ죬ȭͷӰ񱳣ſɽʯ֮ƣź˵ľ硣
ӰšƣӲһ£һӢ̩ɽӰ˼ƼʹѪڣҪѪ
һϣӰ֪Ƕ֡кûڰ֪ˣǹʱӦȴˣû·ֻȳţȴ֧֡
Ӱ˿СŮӷ۾Լϣеǡ
ӰЦЦְѽӷĵ첼ˡ
ӢҲֹЦеسӰ죬ֱҪʳˮ
ӷе㣬̩˹ġ켸һһȭѾͰǸ˴ˣһû
ӰӢſ˵Сã£һȥġҲˡ
ӷһ˵̫ˣ̫ˡҲлл㣬㣬ղҪǲҾ군ˣҲûˡɡ
ǱߵӢŹЦ¶һĻư˵ѿ
С˶㳤úãȸãʺϿŴԳʽġ
ӰŻȻ֪ԳʲôͨŴ֣Բ뵽ĳơˣӰĿһ
ĿӢţåԳȥɡ
Ӣ˫ֶȭһЦҡͷˣû档˵ȶ̣ʺ档Ⱥóֱ֣Ŵȸ㣬һֱˬˡ
Ӱŭ֣ȥġһȣ˫ȭʯӢŴȥ
ӢŲܣ˰Ŀⶢӣ˵С˶ϲ˵Ż۵أŶԷȭͷһֻӥצƵץŮ˸ʵظ
ӰٶȳȭһȭӢŵĸ첲ϣһǽϣȭͷʹ
ӢתͷЦأ˿ڿˮ޵ô󰡡ҪһѣһָвӰָţ
Ӱ֪У˵ôҴ򲻹ˣôãǹԼ󣬿ûá
Ǹɺ޵ҶﳤǰԼ徲ǵСû֡
ҪûҲȲˣһɫģ̫Σˡûӣһʱɡ
ιÿߡ
ӢżûнҲûбƹ
ңǮôܷߡ
ǮǿԸ˫
ӢŰ˰֣˵ǲǮ¶ңҲŰġ
ӰӷСﻹƽ֪Լĸ׾ڸǰﲻˡ֪׵ı¶
Ҹ˵˼ŮǰͬҲҪεġȰϽˣڻü
ӢźٺЦ˵ǸҿɹܲˡֻܿǸСһָӷ
Ӱ˵ţе书֣ȰϽ޵ɣһŵ鹡
Ӣһͦظ˵֣ý
еĻǹš
Ҳǹûõġ
Ӱͷǽǰǰǹ޵ֱҧҪǹһǹͿԽˡ
СˣʱˡǿʼɡӢ첲ȵģӡ
Ӱ˵ʼʲô
ӢתС۾ЦԳ۾䣬ɨӰĴȡ
ӰԼ·ѹƵģг裬࣬Ȼͷ֮ޡ
ûҵĴȺӺҲǲǸܵġҵֻ׸ҵˡ
һ뵽뵽ңԶļ䣬̵¶һᣬųˣһֻСӡ
֪ǱߵĽҲΧС
˲֮ţŵҪš
ǿʹһȭˡɸľԼˡϵ˿ѣĿѪ
۵ӰǱߡҪŮȳˣԼкηţ
յأһԣѪǿӲ
գھͰŮҵˣǺúù񫡣һ̧ȣĶһšߵýƺһɾǲ
ͷӰϧˡߣŮȥ
һȺҪţ䲻һ˽ˣȴС۾ָŵǽˡ
С۾еǷŵǣȥˡ
Ц˵ˣΰɡǣҳɡ
һ䣬ȵı׷ܳʮˡС۾ˡ
ץһŹ
ЩǰĴ򱣰Աȥһսʼˡ
С۾סšŴ򹷡Ӱˡ
һʵôģǻһ·
С۾ЦȻˡһٶšֻëëˡ
ߵţɡǣҳȥ˭һȥ͡
С۾ҲµǣֵܣӱǲܶԲӳ
˫һͬţȭͷ趯ţɽţһţʹһ𣬵ضɽҡģƺˡ
ƤѪءϽϹؽڵģúò֡



02 ˳̩ȭ

һսһȻûռˡ
С۾ܹʮˣһ߰ʮˡɴ˿ɼȺԱսˡ
С۾ſڣһŵһŵһ˫
һָеӴͻơ
ֱ˼ӣƴҪȥ
С۾ǣס
ԱǱشӡû㱻õˡеĽһأ㱻žžһٱ򣬴ڵأ
Ա£ԾСټһ˱ȡӣݺݵ
С۾ߵҲСǣ
ԱǴϳӭǰȥһɱ
ʮӹȥ˵¶ʮʣµ˲ռϷ硣ٿԱȻ˱ף˲ʵģûһ¡ˡ
ˣֱסˡ
ҶﳤҵôӲɫһ㲻ϸ֣ͬЭĬһɿµ
ӢȻ书ǿ¹ˣҪһǾͺѲˡţøϽͻΧȥƣɲǰ˾ȳȥ
żС۾Ӱиʧǲ򷢵쵰ûԮӰ
С۾֪Ӱ˿ˡ
Ӱھ쵱Уһɢ֣Ըƽӹ֮´࣬ǶԸӢĹ֣ǾͲˡ
Ӣŵ̩ȭƣӴȷغӰˡ
ӢźٺֱЦ˵СˣͶɣҹԹԿȸһΣҾͷ㡣ӢȭߣèϷһ㡣
Ӱͷϼӵصֵţ˵Сǳȥߵ͡
ӢŽӰƵӷǰ˵ȥҲСһɨۏȣӰɨȻһʳȥ
Ӱ¿ޣͨһӢֱ˵ϡƤ񣬸û¶ˡ
ӰŭӣУ󱳱ǹһ¡һϲҪץǹʱӢŽżһᣬֽǹߵȥˡ
ӰҧһȭӢŵСϣӢŲһüеСˣƢһ
Ӱѹϣѹġ
ܲˣԳӢŴŮ졣
Ӱתͷʹܵóѣſҡ
ӢЦԳҾͷ㡣ף˫Ĵȡ
ӰŤţ˱ߣƫѣһ־֮С
ӷˣе󻵵ſ㣬ȻҰֲĹġ
ӢŹЦС椣𼱣㣬͸ˡ˵ţץӰһһ³һ룬¶ߵİ׳ŮضϸߣջԵͻ𣬻һһġ
ӰһʧɫǾ죬ҶңҪ
ӢɫۣЦ˵Ǿ죬ǻʺҲոɲôÿĹһͷһμôòšʮָţҪץӡ
ӰʹҲҰ޵ѹȣر۾ޱίʹࡣ
ӢŵָҪʱֻһֽСͷʱ̲סһ¡ԭվһˣһģһӡƤǺɫģͷǳģùԼ׹¶
Ӣվʵ˭ʲô˫ȭ˫΢Žż⣬һʱҪļơ֣Լ;ȣֱСݱȴ
ӹˣǸ˵΢ԼʱȻǸӡ
㶯ҵŮˣô򡣡Ŵ죬˴ֲڶ˻Ƶ
ǱߵӰæվһ·ӷ˰󣬻Ҫȥǹ
Ӣż˺£ת׷ȥ
˴ŭϴץһɼ硣
Ӣżǿ׷Ӱ۳ָ½ˣǾ˺һһסӢŵĲӣģ
Ӣ裬֫߾ˣȫˡƽʱţϣţᵹϣǾ˸оһ㡣Ǿ˷ŭˣ췢ţðһ͵һˤˤӢΰصġ
ӢŸҪԴһȭǰһڣͨһԵˡ
ӰһǹһŽӷ˿Ӣţʵ𣿡
ŶŮ΢Ц˵εˡ
ӷˣΪԼ߽Ӱ˵Ӣۣллǡô᳤ӣ̾˺ƿˡ˵Ǹôлţ
һ֣˵ԼˡˣҸˡ
ӷе߰
˳ЦЦһţ˴ӣգۼʧҹɫ֮С
ӷ˻ͷ˵Ǹ𣿡
ӰԸСã߰ɣְȥ
ӷһ뵽׵ƣ뵽׿գһࡣ
ʱӰؿӢǼһղŵίͳ裬ŭɶӢŵĿ¾һţߵüɵӢŲҽſ·
Ӱޣ̧־һǹͨһӢֵˡҲˡΪĶͷ¶ףѪš
ӷеˣ
ӰһǹڣͷҲصŽӷӡ
һţӭż˸С۾Ӻ׷
ԭ˫ս˶࣬ǳˡһţ͹Ӣš
ӰǹָżԶЦһӵģȥɡ
Ӱͽӷʱ֣֪ʧˣټӰǹ״²תͷܣе֣ж̺ſڱȥ
С۾ǸϽȥ׷û׷ϡΪԷϤΣ˴ţܿһ̵ˡ
ˣһЩ˵˷²
С۾ǷգʹǸŮӷ˽ְֻؿôǿӺ̲סҲᣬӰԼĵл
ǾܶˣֻЩƤˣûʲô󰭡
Ӱ˰֣˵ˣץ참ҵķ¶Ůͦϲġ
ӷӰֲţ˵㣬Ҳϲ㡣ҳˣҲҪ죬㿪ǹʱ簡
⻰ýաС۾ֱüҪ֪ǵа
С۾ʤϲѶҶﳤҶﳤҲǻϲ˵ɵúãɵƯҵúúõǡͷýӳǷǮʲôˣ̫ϧˡ
µ绰Ҷﳤܶ󣬶ûץʾź
ҶﳤԭͣصҽԺϵȼյÿµİӾߣôͷ
ΪҶﳤ˻ʿ塣һһĻʿСɡõģмɫҶﳤҪǴǴ
СʿȻȥ˺һǴ٣ǵɫȹСȣһߴӣ崿۵ò
Ҷﳤһѽϵӵ뵯ԣʵôŹ
ǴŤӣգųë˵ղȥˡ
ҶﳤЦҲһ°ɣҲȵùˡ˵ŻԼĿ̽ȥ



03 İһѩ

ſӣܸоӲȡǴķһ𣬲֡
ҶﳤЦˣǿȥදţ˵찲οοϻˡ֣һٱĵط
Ǵע⵽ЦвҲܾܾǶԽԽ󣬷·ŵ˵ɫԽԽ죬۾ˣԽԽأȻˡ
Ҷﳤ̲סˣǴŵڴϣŴ˵ȸһڰɣءһǴȹӣС
һɫ߿ãϱСèĿͨͼèѨһʪ
Ҷﳤŵһţһдζˡ
Ǵˣһȣ뵽ٵġĥһҡ
Ҷﳤѵ·Ǵ֣ǶѾˣһˡ뵽ĻԼĳĿ
Ҷﳤվڴ£ǴߣֿȣһСѨ΢һ죬˵ģŨܵĺëʹɫޡǱѨĻ꣬¶ӯӯģɢŵ˴񫡣
˫ָŰ۵ĴȣҶﳤ޵Сÿһ𼦰о
⻰ǴܲӦ鲻Խغȣֻ¶һŨëˡ
򵥵Ķɸ˵һѲԽǿĶԽ˺档ԽǵòĶԽҶﳤҲ⡣
ҰǴĴȣʹС
ʲôÿİŮ˶ôһǴĿ˵
Ҷﳤð괦ЦȻһˣĵһиζҵļͲČڱŮ˵Čǲһġ
Ǵſۣ̰ɫ˵Ǹһˣûʲôһġ
ҶﳤٺֱЦ˵Ǿ޵¶һ²һ֮ͷǰǴеһɹ絽Լϣëҡ
ǴʵѨˮڵøˡ
¶ĻͿɰɡߣһҪٹҪš
ҶﳤЦ㼱ʲôҹšҺˣҲǹ¶ñȥɰɡû˭תġ
ǿɲɣҲȥҪǮġǴ
Ҷﳤм˵ʲôšڣû˸ҿǮġ˵ˣһ٣Ҹһܺ˰ɣ
Ǵһ˵Ǯܵġ
ҶﳤûǮеġ˵ĺôɡͷһ죬һƮ
Ǵ·ܵһ㣬̲סŶһһæ졣ɲ˸ǰ¶һ㷢˵ӡʱ̼ǵãǸˣԼı٣ǿԼСˡǲԭµġ
ҶﳤǴˣдϲȴùͷһȼŮķ֮أڻϡϡںëϣ޴
ֻҲţڸһšš̽ţȺǿǡôŷḻĵ鼼ɣֵŮӵھþɳĸ϶ܲˣοǴĻţ
ˣſңŹҰɣˣҧˡٻˡǴǿŰٳеɧ˵
ͬʱʱߵţʱʱٸߵģСѨ״ű仯ŴڣСڵģˮø
ҶﳤǴƸߣԼ䣬ƨˣԵôԲƨôշѩɵġ
ңҶﳤǶȹ۲죬ʱǴˣһ¶šСѨŴ˿ڣˮջͻһһŵģչʾŵɫ·˵ջ˵
Ǵ崿ɫ£ˮĶԱȣϱˣ±߷ˡ
Ǵ˵ôɡ㲻ҪʱˡҲϲһסܱĥӣҲ
Ͱ¾ģԼϲͶɡ
ҶﳤҲϵˮسŮ̬ѨִѨӦͦġ
ɴ컨ˣҲƵġαװţҲӲԼ۾
밤˰ɣС磬¡Ҷﳤ˫ϡƨϻжۿˮѾջŪʪˡ
Ըɾ͸ɣԸɾͷߣҡ㵱һҪĹ𣿡ᣬûзȴžǿ֮⡣⵹Ҷﳤˣ벻ﻹǿӲһ档
ͷԼİӲڱըˣʵڲˣհӶ׼Ѩڣ˲еش˵ãиԣСϲ㡣Ǹˣβ󣬸ֱӲˡһͦƨɣȥ
ִĶ͵һѨһ֣һ壬ɵˡǴгΪСѨǵúô󰡣еۣҺòǵһˡ⻹üͷ
ûгҶﳤȴһһˬֻüͱýġҪůˮ㣬ֻ¼а
СС⣬ǸһŽȥ߾кöѹңѹҶﳤһߵԼһز嶯ţŮĵֻ֣֮Īڴˡ
Ǵ˵ĲѨҲнػζţܴ˵󼦰ͨСѨĽʹõһĿУԽԽ֪ŮȤǲԼֳġĴûֻ±ȵΥ¶ѡ
ҶﳤĸоɲĽ⡣
ԼĴӣǺͷϸ꣬ǿ籩꣬òͬٶȣŲͬС
̧ͷǴϼ촽΢ţαšĿǰŵģԼĿʱɴˡ
ڸϾšûϵʱ䳤ţһ̳Сġ
ͷƣԼԺڵĴСɵĺѨšǱһ̺ģԼͱһԲˡⶴ󿪣ˮšˮʹ˫ĺëʪˣʪһƬ
ˮöడˮĹ⡣ģƫһȵӣȤߣһ죬һ¶Ů
һҶﳤǴȷֿڼϣСײСԲƨžž죬ײ˱ֹɷǺÿ
ӣۿСѨɧֻ͸ˮѲϣߵĺ䶯ţƵġ
Ǵһ飬Ŀʵ𣿡
ҶﳤһЦ˵ŸտʼԶúܡڿ±ߵıƯëȱŮ࣬ˮǶ࣬ԽԽԽԽɡ
ǴĿϢ˵ԶҲġò˶ãˣҲˡ
Ҷﳤһ˵С̫СԼˡӶһġһҲġ
Ǵʲô˵һӶŹ𣿡
Ҷﳤװ˵ĻɫһҪһӡ
һ⻰ǴǰһڣֱҪιȥûιȥΪְѴ󼦰ͲѨ͵ظÿһ¶Ǿİƻֺ꣬Ҫ



04 Ϊֻ

Ҷﳤɵ𣬰Ǵѹˣ𡰺ʽǴ֫ס˫ֹ˫ȲԼ˫ƨɣһµظ
ʽһָǴһʵĸо
Ҷﳤɣ˫̧ʹǴװ˵һµţȫİҲŵţֻСԲһһģŰ޻һǰ
±߿ëĺѨҲһһµŪӣͬС̽һ㡣ˮ˫Ľϴ˼Σ׹ϡ
ôСһʽɣҶﳤеСŮһһһģУ
ǴȻֱӴɫеţĵ˵㰡һˤȥġ
ҶﳤЦʲôѵҲ𣿡ô˵˫ֲôǴӵķҲСˡŻСŮ
ûһҶﳤϣ˫ְͦӸֻ׻úûԾӣҰͷҲζţһ˱˱죬˱ֻ˱ֻҧļɡ
ʹǴڴϢͬʱ˼ֽߣۣ
Ҷﳤһƨţ̾ƨ⻬Բе԰Լ޸ǳ
׹ˣΪָһֻ棬ַ̳¯ץࡢӡתȵȣǴĴֻ̼СԲӱ͵ޣͷ䵽
һǴתӣƨӣԼһץӣһƨɵģ֮ơǸСѨķ£ʪܡӲģÿôͻ˷ܵš
ǴҵСԽԽˣԽԽ׼ˣзչҶﳤ̲סڶ
ƵģҿɲôɡǴŤεģźˣ
ҶﳤԼĴӳûڷѨֱЦ˵ôõŮӣҪ㣬ôΪҵŮšҾҪ㡣
Ǵһûлػ
ǴҲġҵŮˣҵȻøôˡ˵ɣʲôְλٹʣҸʹ
Ǵ˵ǵءֻҪŹңɾˡְн¶һԼܶġ
Ҷﳤ㵹ͦйҳġ
Ǵ˵ѵô׵ظԺ󶼲Ѻͼ𣿡
ҶﳤֱЦ˫ְһٵغݴ꣬ͨ죬˵ûôԵôġԺϺˣһܵģس޵ġ
Ǵһʵ˵ģ
ҶﳤаЦҶû¿ߣôܰԼСţңûšһ湻ˣҲŻӷֽһӵ㡣
Ȼˣúú÷Ұ̺ˣһˣܹ͸š
ôһ˵ǴСԲƨɰڵøˣ·𿴵ϣ
Ҷﳤ¶Ц˵СѾͷɵֻҲ˸ãϷˡ
ҶﳤְǴڳСʽӺ߸ǴΪ˻ɣ˿ģСԲƨɾø߸ߵģȫſˡ֪˵ĵš
ҶﳤĻŭţŮĿ貿ظײðƨֹӿ磬޸񫡣ͬʱǰŰҲ裬ĶСС
Ҫ˵㻰ƭҡǴ˵
Ҿƭƭ裬ҲƭҵСĸΣСôõôԲƨײôõČҲ٣Ҫƭ㣬ʵ̫캦ˣ첻ˡҶﳤһ߲һ߻
ҾһΣҪƭңҾ͸ƴˡ
İɣҶһƬĵġ
ŲţҶﳤֳ
ڸʲôǴʡ
ҶﳤһЦ˵СҹŲҶŸ㡣
Ϊףز֮ǰ۲һǴ̬һ֮£ɫĴΪ㡣
ǴţŵÿģԸеش˺֣һƬǽ壬ȫˮëγһţƨϡ϶ˮġ˵˫ףֱǸˮˡ
СѨһԲˮջһ·Ǹͼסţ·ڿ˵䡣
ҵСˣСÿСƨҲ˵ŻҶﳤƨһڣ׵Ǵһ
ҽûϴšǴҡһƨɣڶɧš
һζûУš
⻰Ǵһߣߵ󻵵ñ̬
СѾͷұ̬ôͷ㡣
ǴΪҪƨɣ͸ˡƨһȣ˵ĴͷšԵͷĸ⣬ͬϽͣʹǴõһرĿкζˬϣҡСԲƨɣҪǼƣֻҪеȫ¥ˡ
ΪԼϣΪԼ棬ΪԼҪסĵߡ
һٴ๥ʹǴӾϢشʹҶﳤʶȻҪ߳ˣæӲȥŲʮ£СѨ͵ؼŪ֮Ǵһߣöˮ
ҶﳤܴůһҲˣҲǿǴȫſˣֻʣһСԲƨɸţ˵ֱ̰ҪˡһſȥҶﳤſȥΪ᲻ѣֽİȥ
ǵصţһͬشҶﳤһ룬ϢҪеڶǴ÷ȡǱȥˣ˺ú˯ɡ
ǴѶ˰ɣ
ȻˡǴѹţҲôءñڸ¶ˣһͷ㷢ɢţס˴󲿷ֵס
ǾͺáСӸ䲻ġĺŮӣӦøҡ
㣿Ҹһ˵ԺҪȢҵģ˵Ȣ𣿡Ǵ˷֮ʵ
ҶﳤǺֱЦ˵Ҹ˵Ȣ㣬ʲôҵġֻҵ㣬Ȣ㣬ϼ𣿡
Ǵ˼ǧΪǸŮӣҪϲˣҰķʽռԼļһǱ׼ĴˣԼѾ˴ˣôٰԼһȥأ
ҶﳤŤСѨţǴһ㡣
㶼ˣγɡҾԼˡǴԼĸܡ
һغϰһûоˣҪٸһεġ
ʲô㻹ûйҿ㲻ˡһΣһûġǴ
Ҷﳤ˫ָ㷢ͼ΢Цɵúúûţһû湻šҪõɣӣ͵ҵġȻһӶ㡣
һ⻰Ǵˣúίһᣬ⡣ȻҶﳤġ
ֻԼĸܡ
ڶˮСѨһֱһˡĺ󱳣ȼսˡ



05 ȥ޶

ҶﳤҽԺʴǣ෴ɥ֮Ȯӻ֮󣬼ȥøǡ
Լסһ棬һ㱨ͰѪͷ
ͷ¿˵ʲôáӵɶ˫ȭ
Ц˵磬ҲǰСѾͷʧˣûﵽĿ𣿡
ײ־⣬úָӡӡ
㵵سǣ벻Լᰤ
磬¶
ָıӣЦҴģӦһǹŶԡ֪˶¶
Ǵ𣿡ͬøжϡ
ţֱըӡ
ܽյŮ˾ˣȷʵʲô¶ʤܱҳ¶Ҳ㡣ǣǸŮͲͬˡǸŮۿǸСѾͷˡӺã֤֤ȫˣİˡ˼ٸǿŮ׼ʮɡ
һɫһ䣬˵ôأ
Ǻߵ˵ⶼġҪǽȥˣٰЩùǲǹӣ뱲Ҳɡˣ㻹ǣңǣĵǡǵĹ˾ΪʧءΪ˴֣ϱߵĴܻܿڡ
ôΪڣأ˵磬Ҹô죿ҿɲΡ
ֱǺֵܣϹͷŽҲ᲻ġ
Ҹôססø֡
һŴĵƹ緱ǵҹƽ˵ȥܱܷ߱ͷɡ
˼˵뿪
԰ȷСˣٷ
Щ⣬еĿŸո𲽡
ǰ˰֣˵㲻زˣһᴦġɽڣûա
ɫһͷãġ뵽Ҫ磬뵱үӣ治ζ
Ǵߴٵھߣߡ
ʵô
˵ߣ߲ˡ죬϶ץ㣬ǸҲˮ룬䵽˭кùӳţ
Ϊ֮Ȼ
ʮ֮һγͷȥϵϤĽ־Թ޲ѣҶﳤһʵġǸСǣҲŹģһҵĿº
һ磬ȻһӾţҪˡǻӦ˵ԼҲ֪ȥĶˡ̬Ⱥܺãϣ
֪٣֪Ҳ޷ڣֻ㬶ȥȥˣȻû
ҶﳤǱߣҲ˳ּ·Ȼ㼣ˡҲˣֻк޺޲ѡ
ý屨˭֪ҶﳤҽԺˡûʲô¶ҶﳤͲҽԺϢĶߡ˾¶ֻ绰ҡָӡ
ٽӦԼͬʱӰҽԺˡ
һŽҶﳤӵɳϺȲţЦӦ֢໤ҲŶԡ
Ҷﳤһ裬΢Цʹ֢໤һ˵ˣҲҪġϵû˭ҪĿɨɨӡ
ӰûźԶ£Ĳ裬˵ڴҶ֪¶ˣҿôճ
Ҷﳤŵ˵ơ
ûʲô𣿡
ҶﳤЦе˵㲻Ҫɣ
ģҲġ
ô˵ǰһ١ҵˡ
ӰЦ
ҶﳤͷҲãŮ飬Ҳ¶ֻǵòʲôõϵġ
ӰЦ˵صٺãҲܻ¶β͵ġ
Ҷﳤ̵غһڲ裬˵ҵ裬ɡ
ӰҡͷҲĲġ
Ҷﳤתͷ˵ôţҩ𣿡
Ӱߵˣ˵
ҶﳤһЦ˵ž٣Ҫ㣬ҾֱӰˣαʲôҩһ١
Ӱһ䣬åʵظŸţװһһģȻˡ
ҶﳤһЦ˵ˣ¶ллˡҪûİæô˳ȵ˵ġ
Ӱ˵Ǹ죬ץˣӦġ
Ҷﳤ˵ž٣Ұ㸴ְͲҪٵҲҪٸˣ𣿡
Ӱһ˵Ҫ¶˭סġû⣬㻹ҵеöˣߵĻ㻹Ҹ𣿡
⻰Ҷﳤٶȸеͷۡ绨еŮ٣ʦİŮ֪ôˡ
ԣӦǵľ̸̸ֳˡ¶Ҳʱˡ
ϣҶﳤͨģԼ˾ֳֵ֣ȾơһƵİᣬֻˣһ˶ûС
ֳ֣ˣʮ꣬ͷˣҲǺܽһеëͻסĵҽԺҽҽԺʩǲЩֳ֣ȥġĵطȻҲÿζסVIPϴΣʩӾӰݷҶﳤʱֳڷŮš
Ҷﳤֳ֣һ棬һ顢ס¶ǣϵˡҶﳤΪ¶ּΪṩʽ֧֣ʹɼѱΪס
ֳ֣üЦֺ¶˭ᷴţҪǽѵ⣬ǶĳɼһˣҲȫְ֮ϣ
ֳ֣Цգ˵ҶܣˣΪǾ¶ɣ
ҶﳤЦǻΪ¶˾ס⣬ǾܸõΪڷ񰡡ʲôĿģϣһˡһ˻æҲӦõġ
ֳ֣ЦˣȻҶﳤ⡣
˸һƣֳ֣˵ܣһ£Ǿ֣ʲôʸţܲÿ˶аɡ
Ҷﳤ¶õЦݣ˵ֻṩʽ⣬ǵ󲻷棬ɾֳ˶ˡ˵У˭С
һЦˣǻĵ΢Ц
ֳ֣Сӻ¶ᣬͦ۵ġ
ͬʱֳ֣ϲ˴˾ٵڰԼһʶڵľʰֲϢţģԼĵλǰ;һˡ
ϲֳôһǮԼô̵ȥ
ҶܵĻ˸ˡΪʷһֳ֣ǫĿ˵
ҶﳤͷǺãֳ֣Ȼô˵ˣҾ˵ɡʲôֻССĽ顣ҿɾֳͷһίԱᣬͬ㲻ۣЧƿػ𡢵ɻ㿴Σ
ֳ֣һԼĵ¶ȫˣС˼Ե֮ôһ㣬ֻңҲͨԼһš
ɱϣֳ֣ȴͷãô졣Ҷܺᣬ¶
Ҷﳤæ˵ֳ˱ȣֻһëӡԺ󻹵öֳѧϰ̡
ֳ֣Ļ󳩣˵ҵҵ



06 ı¿η

ȵ֮ʣҶﳤʾ֪ǰ󲢲ãǵĿ۲ߡ̨ԺҾһĿ꣬Ҫ󣬸ıǶӡҪܶಿŵֺ֧ҲϣǾܰæ
ֳ֣ٱ˵ޣԿ
˼Ҿֳô̬Ҷﳤ֪ˡ˾ֳɣԺڷչҵͿ˳һЩˡ
̸Ӱ¶ҲһҪ¶
ֳ֣һ¶ġ
ŶҶܿ˵˵ҵ
Ҷﳤֳ֣˵Ӱְͣڼңֳ˷ְаɵʱҲˣ֪ģҲܸɵģܲܿǸְҪǿԣһľԱ˵ǶĹ
ֳ֣ûϻشʵҶܸӰʲôϵϴһ΢Ц
ҶﳤһЦ˵ŮӺϡôɫľȻĿ
ֳ֣ҲЦˣ˵ԭҶܺ۹⡣ӰȷʵܳɫҵҲǿֻȱҲԡ
ȱġΪкڰߣͲ
ֳ֣ͷҶ˵úáȱҪǲģǰ̴
Ҷﳤһ˵ҼʱһúȰġȾơ
һʹغ
ôӰ¶ֳǴӦˣ
ֳ֣룬˵һῼǵġ
ҶﳤЦҾʹӰллֳˡ
ȵøˣ̸øˣ˹ϵԽԽ൱ҡ
Ӱӵ֪ͨȥһˡ
ӰĽţΪʲô¡Ϊְͣڼ䣬Ϊ˾ȽŮԼֿǹˡȻ鶼˵ˣºǱһ١ڲؼɡжд˵˺ܻܿήְ˵ܻᱻӣȥ
Ӱɹؽ뾯ִԺʱ֪ͬͨȥֳͬʲô¶ͬǶҡͷ֪
ȼֳ֣ʱֳϣ¶Цݡֳ֣ھǺЦģһ¶Цݣʹ̤ʵˡ
ֳ֣ӰˡӰʵֳʲôָʾ
ֳ֣ӳһļ˵ӽԻϰˡң쵼Ƕ⣬ƼصΪǵ̾ӳļ·ˡ
Ӱһ㶣ΪԼˡ
ֳ֣˵չҪһʱ䡣ɲٷˡаԺ¶Ҫ侲𶯲ͿǹЩǺܿɺޣӦǷɾ𣿡˵һȫ쵼ıͿȾʱһ
ӰվǾֳ
ˣϢϰࡣӳҪעԼˡ˶ῴġ
ӰӦһһ˾ֳ칫ҡ
һ㱻һȺͬǰΧˣ׷ףأԭ֪ˡףأҪжףءжȻǵߺȾơKˡ
Ӱ䲻ôȺҲûɾܾȴֹεı䶯ô¶Ǽһˡ
ߣҵ¶ƾʲôҪܡ
ΪˣصȥҶﳤѯʡÿʱֻҶﳤڴǰŮ˵ʲôˣٴ˸кƮȻȥˡ
ҶﳤӰˣʣʲôŴӳˣ
Ӱش̨硣ιҶﳤܵǹȹҲӦҽԺɶӣôˣ±˻𣿡
ҶﳤһЦݣ͵ҵһȻˣϻصλϣȫҵϣܾ𣿡
Ӱ±ӣߵϷѡˡ
ҶﳤЦˣ˵Ŵӳݹ٣ǲרлҵġǾͲˡ
ӰֱҶﳤʵҸְְĹ
ҶﳤЦ˵ʲôиĹζõģ׵õˣӦûϲزǡ
ӰüҲϲֶͨδﵽְĿġ
ҶﳤͬĹ۵㣬˵ھΪôĹͣѵΪӳҾⶼˡ
ӰָҲԸְ
Ҷﳤ˫һţʵﲻˣҰһΣѵ㻹Կ𣿡
ӰһڰͷӣҲϣʲôϸ֪֪жô㡣һ¡ԸһֻӬҲԸ⿴㡣Ťͷȥ
һ⻰ҶﳤһеգӰô绨ഺ磬Ӣġٿϣһ׺װùĵĵطģϸĵطϸһԴȣ޳Բʾߡ
࿴ۣһʧˡ
ҶﳤʵǲΪܾ
ӰĿ⿴ӣ˵ǣбԭ򡣡
ҵҪˡ
ǳáΪ˵ˡ˵ȱ㣬϶С
Ӱһ˵ţһ߿˿ҶﳤԼô˵ˣȻЦóֺƤǼġ
Ҷﳤα˿˵ϸûˡ˭⡣
Ҷﳤ㣬ΪʲôҪңǲҷŹ㣿Ҹ㣬ˡ
Ҵûָرʲôֻ¶ǾֳʹҺĹϵôشģ
Ӱ۾ɲܺ˵˵Ҫ˵˵ҿɲ㡣
˵ҵŮѣչչˡ
һ⻰Ӱشɳðɵس嵽ҶﳤǰŭҶﳤ쵰ôô˵Ҫǹһǹ㡣
Ҷﳤ˰֣˵Ŵӳ𼤶ոְڿ˵УǧҪ¶˵һܾѵ䲻𣿡
Ӱҧгݵ˵ⲻ䲻ϵ⣬Ǻ׵⡣ǸˮڡҸ㣬Ҽ޸Ҳ޸˵ġ
ҶﳤЦЦ˵ƨˡûϵֻҪȢҵеǡ
ӰЦǰϵļŮ˶úܣΪǮΪƣΪٻ󣬸ҪˡһǮֵŮûʲô
˵ſȥڳ֮ǰֻͷ˵ҶﳤҲм㣬һ㡣һ֤֣͵ΰɡ
ҶﳤվЦҲ㣬ûǾֳ˵ҵŮѡҸ˵ǣӰǸ棬ôãҺܿҲɡ͵һؤô˵˰ɡ
ӰɫһҶﳤǸ쵰Ҽסˡ󲽶ȥŹصú졣
ҶﳤЦ˵СѾͷһģΪš㲻ʦŮҲôšҪҴĻŲ㡣ľƢʩ㡢ãǴţ



07 һѹС

ӰߺҶﳤְٽôˡ⵱Ȼָһͬε¶
վϰǰмɬҶﳤ˵ʹˡ
ҶﳤЦʣô˵
תź˵˵ǹ衣һҶﳤЦѵǸ˼ˡǶҵƫ
ٵ˵ԲҶܡ̫òˣðǵġ
ҶﳤֱĿʵദҶ𣿡
ֱҡͷشҶһУʿĺˡ
⻰ҶﳤЦݸŨˡ
Ȼô˵ˣ㻹ʲô𣿡
̾Ϣҿȥˡ
Ҷﳤһϧ˵ô˵Ļʧ
ٸţϽ˵ҶܣұҲԸȥġǣҲܺĸܰҵռźҪλá
Ҷﳤ˼Ƭ̣˵и취ӦҲġ
ٵʱЩʵʲô취
Ҷﳤ˵ҺǩһݰȫЭ֤ҳȥ˳˳ȫȫһͷ
һ˵ȻЭ
ҶﳤЦеţżҲɨӡǺ۵ġ
˰ɫװ£ɫСؼջͻţСһɽ塣±һȹӣ˫ϥ¶Űװ׵Сȣǰһϵһ˫߸ЬʹĸӸһЩ֮ͤͤ
ںѰģ·͹µϣԲͬϸݵʣԵüΪͿ
Ҷﳤθ̾ĺҪǲһ٣ʵڱˣֱ˷͸Ҫǲܲ٣˴ԵšȻԵ֣͸òȥ
ȻܣٻǺܾӣòģ¶һ˿ۼΪҶѵõĴˡ
ôһʣЦȻСǰûУҲеġ
üͷһ壬˵аȫЭҲͬġ˵쵼ûö
⻰ҶﳤҲü˵еƫˡ⻰˼Ҳûһȫ쵼ﲻҲмö𣿡
ٲʵҶǺö𣿡˵꼴ڡ
Ҷﳤ㶣شҲǶ
һڣҶﳤЦˣҲ̲סЦЦû֦ҲޣʹСµظһƬҵĵ˵ģ˴ߡ
ҶﳤҲ̲סۣɤӸ
㿴ЦǰһǱ̶ɾͲÿˡ
ٵЦȥһ䵭ֵӡ
Ҷܣһȥ¶ˡ
ȱߣȸȥһ˹񲿰ɡ
˳ӵشӦһ
ҶﳤȥתһȦ
ã˻衣ڻ·ϣҶﳤǳ졣Ĺ˶ܲ𣿿ףҪҪչҪ׳Ҫػ۷״̬·ǲɵġǮҲֵֻġҪǮøʵҵ̤̤ʵʵ¶
ڵҶܱΣʵҶܣôˣ
ҶﳤһЦ˵š
ٴĿ˵ҶΪ˾¶̫ˡ
λıӦõġҪѹ̫󣬾Ϳˣñ˸ɰɡ
ĵ˵Ҷְܲ;ϵˣҲҶһ򲻵׵費ǿߡ
ҶﳤһЦ˵ллĿ佱ôһ˵ҵĸɾ͸ˡһ뵽ɾһʣ뵽ȥ
ٴδ٣ԼʶŮȣȷʵԼɫģ͹ˡ·棬һвΪ֪ķḻںɣ
ҶﳤĿп飬е񣬷һȣͷȥ˵ҶܣȰ
ҶﳤæջĿ⣬͵Ȼˡұһ㲻ϲѲ𣿡
ٻشѾͲˡһ䵭ģҲ˵ĸɵ¶ǴϷõԣֻôСеģʱҺˡ
Ҷﳤˣ֪ľϲǻ˰ɡôദûʲô˼ġ˵̫רעˣ̫˰ɣ
˵ҶϰˣΪ֡
ǿ˰ɣ
šɫ
Ҷﳤһĵ˵ȻôҪǸҲλˣΪʲôţ
˫ü˵ǲ飬ǽϰˡ
ʲô
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Ҷﳤ˵˫ĸе
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û湻飿
Ҳǡ
Ī𣿡
ٵͷˣڷϡ
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¶˸˵ЦҶܣ˫ĸĸͨˣһӡʡԼãһҲûܼǮǻԸϣ뿿Լӡ
ǿԴ򷿵ġ
ǰҲô˵˵뵱ūҪǮ򡣶Ҳͬ⣬ûԼķסʲôšסķһо˯ȣζԼ
Ҷﳤ֪˵Ŀ֮˵ġʲô취ţ
Ҳûʲô취ǶӰ࣬ɻÿ¶ϼǧҪӣǾЦ
Ϊǽ¶
ٳ̾һ˵ԡ򷿣Ҳͬ顣
ôȥܲˡֱԣŮ˵ഺ޶ȵģ񳤽ƺӵˮϡ
ٲͷ˵Ҷ˵ûҲ⣬βһΪտ񣬰ΪһԼŮʱùӰ¾ҵΪаװˡǲǺɵҶܡ
˭Ϊѵʱ˭һ档ҶﳤдżֲƺҲֻص鹵ӡ
ҶҲпգ̧ͷ
ֹǿհоô˵²Сһİ¡ѵԷӣδûʲô𣿡
ûзӣδ
ҶﳤȻ뵱ūôԽǮӰ
ҲǹġȻϣҲøĸæԺǮٻ¡ҸĸҲͬˣϸĸĸ졣Լûд£Ϸ³ӣҪ䵱ТӡΪˣǳܶٴˣöˡ
ǿԺúġ
ûʲôģ·ͨԸʱֵúܣ˵ݻҪǲеĻͷ˰ɡʱüҪ¥
ҶﳤȰûҪġ¶ֻҪ˻ţϣġ
Ļô죬Ҷܡ
ҶﳤЦЦ˵Ǳ𻻵ĺãζǿ̹ĵģɲپһˡǸΡ
ŶҵԸҶܵĹ£һܾʡ
ҪԸȥȫˡ
ٰһۣ˵ԭš
ȥġҪǸȥһο򵽷ӡ
𣿡
ƭСҶﳤ۾˵
ҿһӡ˼
ҸһСʱʱ䣬پܾҾԼˡ
һСʱ㹻ˡ



08 һǧΪ

˰࣬ҶﳤǴ˳һ¡Ůһ˵죬ֻۣܶģܶ֡ԼһſԲ
֪°ˡʿվ˵װ࣬ûҹ࣬ȥˣ˵ȥǰĳгˡҶﳤŲȥˡ
ǱߵǴڿһӣѩ飬䶯ųԲݣžͨӣǲӵһȦȴǺڵģʮر
ӵ˰еӶװһиָģëġġڰף׵ģƵģҵģֻûеֻġ
˳رһһԵģֻֻʽ
Ǵӽͷߵβٴӽβתֻӻûôһι̨Ƶֻʣôֻˡ
Ҵ󺰽ۣ˿ǿĲϵһȦɫʱҡҡͷ׷ȥ
ǴֻСӣ׵úÿɰӶ𰡣ΪܳɣֻȱӶݵö࣬ͷ״ˡ
Ǵϧ֮ģʶǮ
ϰǸòС椣شСŮ۹ⰡɲͨӰиѧѩ飬ġԭ۶ԪһֻڴˣֻһԪһֻ
Ǵֿ˿Сӣ˵ϰ壬ٴ۰ɡ
ϰ룬˵ʮԪһֻͼˡҿĵķϣҪҲٴ۵ġ
Ǵֻͷεӣ˵ðɡ
ǮϰһӣǴߣʱͷãǻڳԲݣڶ죬
ţǰߵȺֳҶﳤӰǴһҪǶԷԼˣ̶ġ
Ҷﳤߵǰ΢ЦǴɽҺҰת˺üȦˡ
Ǵͷӣʵ¶𣿡
ҶﳤҲͷŻõİӣ˵ⲻһ㣬ҾƵġҲϣװܳӡ
ǴüѾˣתˡ
ҶﳤһЦ˵Ǵ㲻Ҫôһշްնοǻֹһա
ǴתͷΧûˣŷġ
˶࣬ɲҪ˵ҿɲ뱻˴ǡ㲻ҪһҪ
ҶﳤЦˣҲ˺ġĿ䵽ϣʵôֻСð
Ǵ𴽣ߵʲôСðϰ˵ˣѩ飬ġι㲻ͱװмҡ
ҶﳤЦ˵ʲôģǰʱӣǶСõģʲôѩ鰡㻨Ǯģ
һֻʮ顣
Ҷﳤ̾Ǵ˸ˡ£ⶫ顣˳Уʮһֻ
ǴĿٶһӣ˵ôɰôôֵǮ
Ҷﳤʵģ
Զ
ߣȥ
ǴԥҪ˰ɣҲǶǮ
Ҷﳤһ˵ⲻǮ¶ƭ˵Ϊԭ¡߰ɡ
Ǵֻӣȥˡ
ӵϰ廹ţŸղŵС˵ӣźһЩǮüˡ
ǴӻˣԱ߻һһʱϰͷһ
Ůôֻˣǲǻֻ
Ҷﳤһָϰ壬Ц˻Ǯ
ϰһۣ˵Ҳ֪˵ʲô
Ҷﳤ˿С̯˵ҪǲˣԽװͿ
Ī
ղźǮôˣֻӶʮ飬һٰʮ飬ĺڣ
ϰٺЦˣ˵˵ˣǽѩ飬㲻ġ
Ҷﳤϰ壬˵㵱ɵҴСͽӴӡⲻʲôѩ飬˵Сá˵ѩҲ֪ǲǲϺһȦǸ飬Ϊ˶ǰ׳𣿡
ϰ岻۾ˣӲ˵ûǮ㲻Ҫݺˡ
ҶﳤЦˣ˵Ǻ𣿡
ΧΧǴҶﳤ½ǣ˵߰ɡ
ҶﳤЦߵʱھҵ绰ٱթȥйزŽͰɡͳ绰
ϰһģ˵ˣԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬֻУǮǣ͵ˡ͸һٶʮԪǴ
ʱҶﳤѵ̸һһҪķȻЯﳤȥ
Ǵп벻滵
ҶﳤСŮ˵Ǵ㰡̫ˣױõġ
ǴߵǰҾ̫ˣĴ󵱡
ҶﳤǴһģϲġһ֪ҵĵġ
ǴƲҲŲĹš
Ҷ췢ģҪƭ㣬Ҿȵġ
ǴҶﳤʵʲôڹ껹С
ֻҪңʲôʲô
ǴֻСˡҶﳤһ֣æȥ
ûаѵҶﳤ󽺲һʹûܾ뿪гҶﳤȥ֡ߣĿĵȥʱװ鱦ꡣ
ǴҶﳤǡȥֹǰ
ǴôˣҶﳤʡ
ǱȥɡɶǸߵǴԶԶǸ֣еͷΡ
ûȥͬºѶȥģԼǵ͵ģǺˬǮشҫǰȻЩԼǿҵףҪûʲôĻԼԶĿ͡Ķֻڱˡ
ҶﳤһС֣м˵ߵôߵҲǸ׼ġѲЩӡֱָʲôģǸڴ𣿡
⻰ǴֱЦЦ
ĺöѾͷġ
ʲôѾͷҿСκȣҲǷ
ǳˣ⻰ҲǴһů
ˣҴȥҶﳤһӣһǴֽˡ
һţһŹ̨ŽģŮԵĿ⡣
Աкģ˾
˵Ļһ̬ȣʹǴǳ˫ȶˣ·СˡܽܵġٽȻ㡣
Ա߼ߣǴҶﳤͼתʹҶﳤЦʵڣ֪ԼǮҲԸԼΪǮ
͵Աûôˣһûһ˵Ҫ˯ˡǴڵͼרͼ۵ģǵĲϵЦݶˡ
Ҷﳤɫ˵ȿţȥһ䡣
ǴһĿڹ̨һɨţϴԥ֮ɫ
ҶﳤЦ˵ҵĸαҪĸɣҶ򡣡
Ǵϰֳν˵֪ˡ
ҺܿǮĶ۶𡣡
ǴĶ˵һ䣬Ҷﳤȥˡ
ҶﳤһߣǴԼˡڹ̨ǰתתȥҲģǼ۸Խš˵һüǧ飬˵ˡ
Ǵ಻У˵ͼĶ뷨ۡ



09 䵱ǰ깷

ǸķԱһ֣˵಻еĻȥߵɡĶϲġһһۣǴòˬ
Ǵתȥ˸ߵ̨ĸƷڵƹ£ʶĿԸ֮ǴۻĻһ뵽Ǯͷ³
ԼһСʿнżǮЩߵ̫ʵˡǸ˵ǮԼ뻨һǮֻûһǮԼĳ衣ԼǼŮǶ̣ԼԼĵߣԼԭҪԼʲôԼʲôˣôɡ
ԱӴǴղһ顣ղżȥ˵͵Ϊûʵֻˣȼϣ
ŮʲôA˵
ӦоУȫƻ⡣B˵
ǴĿ̨תţ˵뿴ָ
ģģʯģAʡ
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Ҫʲôָֻڵ¸ɣ˴ʱ䣬ҶﳤһϽˡȻǸˡ
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Ǵڹ̨ţֻԽԽ죬·ҪǻƵġ
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BԱ˵ĿǰǵڸԴ۳ۡ
ǮǴĿţԼеվֱ
СģǰԴһģʮٴһģʮʮ򡣡һ˵ǷԱָƶš
һ۸ǴֻԼǰڡ룬һСʿһǮšֻ俴ˡ
Ŀö俴ȥ۾ǶΣÿһб涼ͬѰĹ̫ˡ
˵ʮ򣬴ǰǴۺ󣿡ǴԼеɳˡ
ѾˣŮôƯһˡBԱţĿǴתΡ
Ǵܵذ˰֣˵һ𡣡
BԱһЦˣЦݿɲղô飬ôϿңôѺˡͨչɫѾ϶Ǵˡ
ŮԼǮģ򰡡
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ָĵȻǰѻëˣָҶﳤ
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Ҿǽǹ˾ӹ˾췲л̫̫ҹ˾ĲƷǾǵϵۡ췲һЦݵ
Ҷﳤֻ֣˵ܺãܺáҼסˡ
췲ȥΰûκֻһ¹ͺͺš
ֻҶﳤӶͳֽˢˢˢд˼֣쾭
쾭ӹһƣһ֧ƱԪ֧ƱΪ𾪣۾
һҲò˶ţ쾭
Χ˶ˣ۾ҶﳤһƬǾһ¥ĵģġ
Ҷﳤ§ǴϸЦʣµһʮΥԼ𡣡
쾭ʵʲô˼
Ҷﳤָָָָأ˵˾̳¥ǸǩԼġ˾ھطˣǽ꼴̴ȥȴ˶ȴдһĺ



10 蹷ü

쾭˿֧ƱϸҶﳤʧе˾Ҷﳤ𣿡
Ҷﳤͷҡ
쾭ɫˣΧһƬȻɵˡǸBԱˣһ𣬼Ҫιȥ
ҶܣΪҪԼţ
Ҷﳤ۵سǴֿһãȻ췲ʵ治֪Ǽٲ֪ţ
쾭ЩԱɨһȦô¶Ǹ˵ס˵Ļͳͳ
ɫĿŵЩԱ˾֮BԱŵһƨϣ̱һ㡣ҪAԱһѣڵϡԼĩҪˡ
Щ̲סˣذѸղŷ¶һ顣
쾭ˣɫѿBԱһۣȻҶﳤ˵ʵڶԲҶҶ̫̫ҹܽ޷ŵǵġҴǹ˾ˡ
Ҷﳤһû
ǴһָBԱ˵õǸĲ㣬
쾭ŭBԱһ֣˵Ͻ޹Ҷܺͷ񡣡
BԱӦһսս߳һߣһᡣ
žһ쾭ɿBԱһ⣬ָӡӺ
BԱӻΣˤ
ߵҶﳤ˸ǰʱһĿࡣ
ԲˣҴˣҲԣûʣҲˣǷһɡ
쾭ݺݵ˵Ҫǹ˾ΪɨأǾͲǿôˡ
BԱˣŵ˫ϥһͨһ˵ϣ˵ҶܣҶ̫̫Ϲ˹ˣ´ҲˣһΰɡҲûݹҪû˹˭Ӱ˵ţͷ
쾭Ҳ˵Ҷܣʹ˲С˹ɡ˻飬ԼӡҪûˣӶûԷûѧˡ
ҶﳤBԱǸͰ͵ӣãҲǴ
Ǵ§ϾǹϣעӰ졣ͬʱ˼ҳƺΪҶ̫̫ȻûôУŮӹеĵõһ㡣
ղżԱ裬ԣۿ˵͵ӷǳǳջһڵĿߵĲе类һ紵ɢˡ
ˣһذɡǴϾ
쾭ˣϲ̫ˣ̫ˡ
BԱͷѶͷˡ
ҶﳤһۣӣǴ֣˵Ǵ߰ɡǴûзԹţýر
쾭˵Ҷܣ֧Ʊ㡣ҶǧҪߡܾҪ֪¶ֻҵķ붼סˡ
ҶﳤǣǴߣͷҲص˵ԭˣҿû˵ԭ¡ҪһУܾ֧ƱȥɡȻϰҡ
쾭˵ǣ͵ſڣ뵽¶ּ㴷صģϽܾ㱨ʼơ
ŵҶﳤʵǴ˰ɣ
Ǵջ֣Լϵ䣬˵̫ˬˣָֻ̫ˣġ
Ҷﳤһ˵ӢۣˡʮĶϣһš
Ǵҡͷ̾ôðֻһͨɱ̧̫ߡֻһʱҵӶѣ湻ˣȻ˦ҵġ
⻰˵Ҷﳤˣôģϲϡ
ӴǴ˵ʲôţֻͷҶ˵˶ٱˣϲ㣬õġҵһ֪ġҪϲ㣬ôš
Ǵٶϵ䣬оһáǲԼϲģҲǸ˶ˣϻôǮԼʵġ
ˣ˵һỹġ
⻰ҶﳤЦʱɫЩˣЦؼƮš
⺢ɵ
Ǵ˵ҾôһˣӲϲ˸һǮ
ɵÿɰ
ŰǴĿ⣬յ飬ܿǵõҲô棬ôɰô˵ġǺôǸӣһжԼ˵ˡ
ǴҶﳤͻȻɵɵضԼַĿ⣬е֡
ôˣǮ𣿡
Ҷﳤһ˵û¶û¶
ˣǸûȥˡ
Ҷﳤ˰֣΢Ц⻹šǻнĿûаš
ʲô˼
ֻһԶԶġ
Ǵϲ䣬˵Ѿ֪ˡǰΪֻвܴ䡣
ҶﳤЦϲĻҸ򼸸ˡ
ûҪˣҸûȥˡ
һȥ
ӸңˡǴһ֣
ҶﳤһЦӲص˵ӹˡ
Ǵߵ˺Ƥ
ҶﳤǰߣͷЦҪӵĻɡȻȥҼסˡ
ˣӣҵġ
ҶﳤЦԽԽ죬Ǵںһţһ׷šڱ˿ֱ˼ĵƵġ
Ҷﳤ̵ģǴﴽģԽ׷Խ죬׷ϡ
˾ַʽһġ
ʱҶﳤӣ´ǴѾһˣŴ䣬ӣһӣ˵ⱦˡСŮСš
Ҷﳤһ渻󰡣ܺãܺã̫̫С
Ǵֱҡͷ˵ãԭһʲôӣһͭ
ҶﳤЦͭʲôõģҪͭ˶ͭվģɹġ
Ǵӻͭб仵ģġĿɨһۡ
ԩˣҶûж⡣
ʲôˣһġ
Ҷﳤ΢ЦҸطԷȻؼҰɡ
Ǵֱҡͷ˵¶ˡ
Ǿȥɡ
Ǵ˰֣˵ҲҪˣҼԶһ㣬鷳СŮ˼ҶﳤֻðеӺ´ݸ˵ǸְɡһǮ
Ǵ治Ҫ˷ֻýӹ
·СЩȫ˸Ҵ绰
Ǵһתͷ첽ˡΣ˵ıӰҶﳤʧСҲǽûгԵźɡ
ǴǰһߣҶﳤһ벻ҶҲгԱʱ򰡡
ҶﳤһתͷֻһµӰԼ
ʲôģ
ӰһЦ˵Ƿװ鱦ģӻ˵ѡ۹ⲻСһŮҶúáϧ˼Ҷ㲻ð
ָң
ʲôٰǴˡǰһеʩ飬Ҳˡǽһ֪ƭġǰһߣֿʼСˡǸ
Ҷﳤ˾ӵı飬˵ԩˣҺСѡ
ӰĿЦҿǾ죬ɵӡǳӣϢ̫ˣֵõһ¡
ҵ˽¶޹أͲҪˡǰУߡ
Ӱԥظȥ



11 

ҹҶﳤǧ橻ã֮Σ
ӣҽҩƷϵؽƣ־ҪѴҩﵽƹΪԼĴ
㣬⼸첻ʵţ
ǧ΢Цˣûа֮ǰʵˣ˵㡣
Ҷﳤ˵ǺŮˡ
ǧ˵ȱңҲߺ㵱Сš
ҶﳤϷɽԽ룬ֹ϶˵Ϊ㵱С֮
ǧŶһϢ˵СһһҪһλšŪ̫ˮôȥţ
ȸȥˡҸȥþҺڴţٸ˽ǲǸر𣿡
ǧ橰һۣߵŮˣʲô̼
Ϊ߲šҶﳤһֻϱתһֻ±߹ӡ
أܲˣܲˡǧ˽ţ¸ҵؽƵԼȥʹ˵صͬ촺֮
ºǧ紺ˮ֮ߡҶﳤ§ĽȻΡ
ʱͷð亹૵ǴǴ
ǧʵ߶ʲô˯ġ
û¶û¶μǷˡ
ǧ˵ƺðƾͿԲСˡ˵Ļһ˯ˡ
Ҷﳤȴ˯ˣصģֱ
ȥʿվǴ֪Ǵ¶һ졣
ҶﳤǴ绰绰ͨˣ˽һβ򣬶ӡҶﳤ鲻ȸС۾绰ϽҵǴ٣ȥ
ǱߵǴҶﳤˣ񣬾ûнӣţ˵ˣ㣬Ųĵ绰šңңңˣңңûʲô¶ϲ˻ѣԶ㡣ôϲǿҵĶţҽҪźá
ԭǴûʱͽӵǰѻëĵ绰ҪǴһ档
Ƕˣ㻹Ҵ绰ǴĿա
ǴҪ㣬Ұʼ㰡ëͱе
㰮ңˡҪ氮㣬ӦúúñңţһثֵӡҪô䵽زṆ̀ţǴԽ˵Խ˿ǻ
ԲǴҲáǸûõˣûʲôôϣܼһ棬һ档ë˵
ʲôһ棿Ǵһĵʲô˼ѵСҪ
Ǵ֪㲻ԭҵģԼҲԭԼҲˣǸ֮ءҪԶ߸߷ɣȥһطʼµߵҶ㣬ǵ£ǵİġ˵һֻһ氮Ժٲᰮˡ
˵ˣ˵ˣҲЩƭҵģҲšǴᣬҪ
Ǵë
ˣʲô氡Ǵ˵
ҪĻҾͲˡ
ʲô˼
ûʲô˼㲻ҲˣҵĺֹͣڽɣŶ޾ʹࡣĽҲûʲôá
ǴʧɲҪɵ¶Ҳֵġ
㵱Ȼֵȥˡ㣬˭ֵҸţҰˣһ涼ϣһŻʲô˼ɣɣҸġ
ιιǴĴҡ

ҡҡҲ֪
Ҳ֪ڹʲôë޺޵˵
ҴӦǸһ֣ټġ
ëһеǸʲôã
Ӧ˼ҵ¶վȥ
ҪǲҾĬĬˡʬ
Ҫ㲻ҪӣºǴš
ҵһСʱҵסһСʱ֮ڣ㲻ĻϾͲˡ˽ԶسΪʷëһһֵ˵š
ιιιǴֵ绰ûˣ֪ëҶˡ
Ǵ飬ȻһɣĿһ˵İ£ְֺֿ࣬ޡҪ·¶ԼôΪϵţ
쵰ҷϣСߣҲȥġǸûʲô
һ뵽ԼȥҪһʬ壬Ĳ̣ɬȵ˴ȥױȥˡ
ڳ֮ǰǴԾա
һ׵ĳȹŽħģԳ˴ߵ˷һ崿ľףŮӵ鱦ȫ䡢ӡ϶Ž⣬ʹ϶һݸ֮
ŴӣǴͷһξԼһɫСŮǰֻ֪ԼƯڲ֪ǻôˡͿš
κһλŮǣҲרҵģѷɫ١Ҫ˵Լʲô㣬ǾλǷЩԸеջ
ЩŮȣԼҲԵģǾеѧʡѾһӣйѧûʧǺѵõġ
ǴĴŬŬ죬ǣббۣͦͦأŤŤΣ̧̧ȣ㣬ĸ飬ĸôܿôˣ췼Ĵ֡
ôõӣôòӦõõҸϧձ˲иѣϸħͷ
ʲôʱܰţҪһˡͽһĿӣ̫ˡϵԽĨƽϵʹࡣ
ǴİƤھǰתһȦʹȹҶԾСӣԼ档
ظǾ͸֮¡ɽ壬Լ΢СĶΡΡģֻ߲õӡһ뵽˵ֺɽ֣ɬǵ⣬СѨʪȡ
СƨɣԱ֮ǰЩˣ䱻ȹţǵסģôԲôգô̡ͦ
Ǵžӻ˻ƨɣһ뵽Լƨɣײĺӣ˾ֳֹ֣СѨĴ󡢽Լͷˡ
ǴԼյˣӦǸģ˸ռˡһ㸶۵ġ
ǴԼȹڣ¶˳ֱӣԲӨ͸Уɢ֮㡣
Ǵ̲ס¶ôĴȣ˿ڼţɵȶǱ˸ɵ߳ʱԼˮˣٵúøߣڿţֱţߵţһܰϧԼǸˡȻԼԾˣˡ
ֿ˼飬Ǵسˡ
һ·Ͼǵ֮£ػ󳩡
¥С·ϣϵˣ޲޲ĿסŮĽʺޣǳճմԡ
иСֻųûп·ײ·ߵϣײΰصģڶһϡˣϰĲ£СɢǴ̲ס˿ˮ鴤أɫ䣬ಡˡ
ϰһ߸ҩһ߽֣Ŀ׷ǴıӰССӣôޣ϶ȥˡ
Ǵۼ˵ĿͷӦĴΪ㡣
ҲôȥģȻҲоޣЧûǿңģҲ統ǰΪţԣ·ʹϡ
ðһŮʣڣҪǴؤϴͷᣬҲеġԼȫƣģױƷǸߵģЩ죬˵ĸоȻͬˡ
ԴӸҶﳤ֮ԼãҶǴԽԽԽԽˡ
ҲһôûСǿԼԼϵһˡôǶõ¶
ߣһǿ鷸ԶԼ޵ˣû֮һ
ǴϼƳ̳˾ûרĿˡһ·һ˵ĸûꡣҪ³ʱ˾һĲᡣ
ǴǮʱ˵ɶҪֻ˶ǴֻЦЦǮϣģزˡ
˾ıӰſˮֹΪʲôֻһС˾ҪǴá
ǴëʱһֱԼ۾



12 ëñ

һʱ䲻ëļҺ˱ĿȫǣʹǴΪߴطϴˡ
ңƿӡ̵١ֽӱȱȽǣƵġǹɻζǴüͷ
ٿëһϣ¿ģؤơ¿ŽѾӣžЬЬɺڵˡϿͷֳëҲ̫ˣģһ¶ûʮˡ
ëڳ̣һƬ֮УſøƵģﻹǽǸˡ
վſڣǴűӣֲ̧ӡ˵ôӣôϲˣӦߵġ
ȩ̈ͷǰһæӵͷһſڡһȵ㵹ľƿϣһᣬļԵ
һģֱǴǰֱΣ̰űӣϵĸ߼ζ
ʶôãδǴôôˡҲע⵽ǴĸߵȹӺˣӹһŭ⡢⣬ϻЦݡ
ǴˣɡëƵȥ
Ǵ㿪ˣ˵ңԼߺˡ˫üţݡ
ëǴŤΣŵζӳ¡
Ǵ֮»Ǹɾġ
ǴԥƬ̣ŻĿѣ롣
ëվǰӲͬĽǶȹۿԽԽϲԽԽŭԽԽԹޣԽԽ
Ǵɫֱ䣬֣ʵôˣʲô𣿡
ëǿЦЦ˵ǴúŮ·һǰôûзţ
ǴһЦ˵ûôҪ㲻ôҵӡ
ëصһ֣˵⻰ԡӦ֪Ұ㰮÷ںʤԼ
Ļô
ëĿһѲǴż˵ôΪķװζˣˡЩһٵֵüʮǸһİɣ˵ŻһֻΣ
ǴͷԼȹӡӡӣûд䣬Ϊ̫һҶﳤǸͻȻûôˡ
ǵ㣬ʲô˵ɡ
ëһǴǰ˫ŲһףǴеֻź֡Ĳ仯
ëǴһסǴ֡ǴܲӦƺһİˣ֣ûջءƺˣǰֹ֣ĴҲռˣֻһˡ
ǴҰ㣬벻㡣ë˵ԡ
˵ЩջֻЩ룬ҿˡǴԵĿ⣬ͷ
ǰĿ£ߴģ۵ģС¹ףô֮ôȫˡ
Ǵһ߰ɣҲʧȥ㡣
Ǵһʹ۵˵ʲô
ëڵĿ˵Ǵ˵ǰҲãҵĴʹ䵽Ǹ
⻰Ǵķһᣬߵ˵ˡ
ǴҪ˵ǰһİ㣬̰棬ЩȺãҰȾƣҰܣҰЩ߰˹죬û¶ǮȢ㵱š
Ǵ̾Ϣ¶ˡ
γ¶ҲΪάš͵ǣ뷨㣬͵ӣʲ뿳˭뵽ĽҺúţҺúԼܣİŮ˶á˵ëֱ⣬ɳˣӶŲţ·ĺܻںޡ
Ǵ̾Ϣû˵
ëҧҧ˵һʹԼ̫ˣôôûã¶ûмʱš
Ǵʵʲô¶
ëĿһͣǴ壬˵ôţĵһǸȥˡ޲Ūѻǹɸӡ
Ǵٶ̾ϢСԭ¶ΪʧȥԼš
ëʶԼʧ̬ˣ΢ЦǴһ߰ɣһ˭Ҳʶĵط¿ʼһϴĸ棬ˣҸʵĹٺ飬˵òã
⻰ǴܡҪԼʧ֮ǰ˵ǸöðԼһӦҪģ˫˫ɣమͷϡǱͯáۡ
˷ǣԼܴӦԼǰôǰֻҪˣֻҪԼĶҪˡ
ëǴΪӦˣ˵վüɫ˹δ
ǴЩӰӾЩı͵Ķ԰Ƶġ
ʲôǮ㣬°ͻؼң˵Ƕ˵˵ԼʵˣĹִ˵ҪһȺɰСӣԽԽãԽԽʲôġ
ߣǴĿ·ص˵ʱڣһͬ˵ɵӡʫ黭ģɽ˵ģҲɵĽ׶Ρ
ڻ룬ǴԼ׳գƺ
ôǴӺðɣǰ˵˶ٻصġ߰ɣǾߡȰһ¶Ǿߡ¶Ҫˡ
Ǵ˵߾ߣʲôҪ¶Īʽ𣿡
ëЦЦ˵ǮͷеˣǮͽˡĿתȦ
Ǵףʵ˵ʲôҺˡ
ëĿһӣ¶񶾵ɫֱеһˡ˫ȭȭͷͣطؽ
ֻ˵ӺɷʲộΩñӵ˵̡
Ǵķһʵô
ëһĺڰʹָǴ˵ǴǸˣǵҵ㣬ҵʱҫҿٵǸӸҿҪǲ˳һһ𣿡˵ߣŭˣֱأ
紸һǴϣʹ㷲ձ
Ǵѵ㶷ġǵǱȲ㶼ѻʯ
ëˣ˵ʲôôƲŸ˯˼˵ˣǰȭͷƺҪϡ
Ǵӣ˵㲻Ҫ˵ôʵʵ˵Ϊá㲻Ҫҵ˼
ëתתӣһ˿Ц˵˼ˣǴǻǺమġ
ЦеǴһֻ֣ĦţֱǴŵһɿڳζúöģק
ë۾˵αļƻˣ޸ΡվǣҵǡǸˡһƺͷ״
ǴһӽˣƺǸȥ



13 г

ǴԼķĽţʵô
ëǴԱߣһ§ס磬ʡ
ǼһǸӲɫҪǶӲŪѶȽϴŪãﲻĿģݾߣȥ뵽һ򵥵İ취Ǿ֡
ǴĽһ£ʵΪʲô
ë¶Ц˵һǸɫ֮ͽŮˡ֣һ벻ġǿ㣬ֽҲΪԼ𡣡
Ǵ§ĸ첲˵һŮӣôŪţ
ë˵ʲôܵģУֻȡҲ䶷ǽñķʽŪ
ʲôʽŪѲڴϾס𣿡Ǵ²⵽
ëһŭǡôɣһͬšô˵ҲҵŮˡҲԼŮʹġ
ô
ëٺֱЦǴĶϴǴó
֪ˮ䰴ôİɣ
ǴǲС˵еڣ˵Ǳ˽ġ
ëյЦţ˵ˣ֪ô˰ɣ
Ǵľս˵˽һ
ëʹһƣ˵ˣҾҪ㶾ôǣҲôʹҪĵʹһ뵽ҵ裬Ҿͺ޲ó⣬ѪõӰ⽴Žҵͷ֮ޡ˵ߣɬɳָ߿ֱȹǺ̶
ǴûгǰҶﳤжĻ棺ش޵ؽţ°ĭѣ۾ԽԽȻһϢ
ʹķ£ֿʹ
ëվԽԼļƻԽݵ϶Ų˵벻ԼŮøһҡǱӦүҪŪҲΪˡжŮܺ
ʲôҩˣһʹǱɵ֡һԶ߸߷ɣһطúùһӣ˵ð
һ첻һﲻҸǰתƵģֹʲôʱҧһڶ
ݽƵģëΨһһ˷ܵؽţϷһƬ
ÿڸģץϰƿơƺȵþˮʳѺŪþʪ
Ȱգƿžˤϣˤϡ飬Ƭ˵ϺôһƬ
Ǵһеʲô
ë˫չͷеǸˣǼôõҪˣôõҪˡ㣬ƽ𣿡
ٵͷʱëʵǴ˵ڱûʲô˵𣿡
Ǵ˫ְȹ˵˵˰죬㶼ǲڱȥ֡ûҪʧˣһʲô³ҿһ㶼ҵİȫ
ëһ׵ҶģؿɼҪҶжģ𣬲ú
Ǵü˵ЩջȻôô뱨ΪʲôԼ֣ȥţҪðա֪֪ҪʧˣҪġ
ë£ǴҲġһԶһ֮һӡҪ㱻ץסˣһйʹģƸɵġ
ǴҡͷҲáҲεġôõͣôõҲȹ
ëɫúѿʵǴ㵽ô
Ǵ̾ϢΪҪ㣬űǸ衣Ϊи飬Ҳ㡣ûߵ첻סΪʲôϧͬȹߵš
ëӣϢ˼ҶˣҲҪ𣬶ԲԣǴ
ԡ˼ѾΪ޴Ϊҡ㻹Ҫȥ¶ȥԼ㣬ôˣܱ֤Ͷɹ𣿡
ë룬˵ʲôѵģʱض԰ѶҩҪȵĶ磬ԼԶʱͿԶȥʱˮҪһ壬ɸйʱԸˮ
Ǵ˰֣˵һ뵽ĺݾͽƻҵú¡ҿͷˡ
ëһʧ˵
Ǵֱ˵ԡ޴ƻɡֻҪϷҾʹӦ㣬һԶ߸߷ɣһ˭ҲʶǵĵطúùӣٺҲ㣬ô˵ЩʱǴԼҲңҲãȻԼҲ˵ףԼôͬһͬߵġҶﳤ֮ǰǲԸġ
ëͷҡø˹ƵģҷҲš
ǺܸԶ߸߷ɣҲԸӣҸղҲ˵һ¶ǺҪġ
Ǵǿ˵ѵһ±һҪΪңɲԲ𣿡
ë͵һӸ첲еԣΪҲУܴ谡
ǴҲò˵㣬ĳҺĳţ
ëԥ˵Ȼˡ
Ǵ޺޵˵ҿǱǿˡҪΪ˱㣬Ҳóѵġ
ë˫裬󺰵Һĳ㲻ʧӱ˼Σʧȥϡϣ֪ɣ˵
Ǵŭ˵Ȼ˵ôҪΪʲôΪϸƴţΪʲôҪһŮӽţǰֹӲд̰ӣҶġ
⻰ʹ˻ëģһڹ˰ƣ鼸Ҫɳ
Ǵ˫ü˵ôţ㻹ҪҲɣ
ëֲţ˵Ǵҡ
Ǵһۣ˵ҽĶ̣ǰɣ
ë֣˵ԲǴ̫嶯ˡҲǱУҴδҪ㡣ȱҵͻġ
ȴ˵ҲҪġҪô㱻ץоǹУǷ̡ҪôһߣȺú㣬Ȼ˲ٹӻֵģ湻ˣٰԺ㣬ú÷˰ɣ˭ô¼ôġǰôɧڻǷʱ򣬻ùĶΪ°
ҴˣͬļƻҲͬ𡣡Ǵ󣬵̬Ⱥܼ
ëɵˣԼĸղŵĳƪ۰׷ˣﻮôõļƻˡģԲ
ëһʹ˵ǴȡҪǲҺ뱲ô
ţôܻ
ë˵ô㣬ѵˣϺΪǿ𣿡
Ǵһƽ˵һжȥˣҲԸᡣҷһУһߣȥӣ𣿡
ëͻȻеУУĲС
Ǹһֻ˵Ұޣֿֿ£Ǵúİ



14 ֻΪ

Ǵˣòٴȥվ
ë˫ƽ죬դ˵ĺ⡣
Ǵһݣʣʲô
ë۹ģЦһʲô
ǴԻëͱ֮ƣһƤأ˵˵Ķ˵ˣüҲˣȻ̸£Ҳˡ
ëһ˵׼ߣûͬ⣬߲ˡ
ǴĿеιôôţ㻹ʲô
ëٺЦƽһĺӼҪǴϣ̱ǵĳʹϡ
Щû˵ţЩûšë۾гһߣչ͸ź
ǴץԼ֪˵ʲôʲô¶ÿߡҵɣܲҡ˵ҪҵɣҴôãǸﰡ
ëƽʵ㵽׸Һһ𱨳𡣡
Ǵ붼ҡͷ˵Ҳȥ˵ġҲ밤ǹӣΡ
ëߵǿ㣬ҲӦΰ
㻹˵ţǵĻˡǴ
ҾǲҲһġëԵ
ǴֱŻëʵôܣ
ëеôܣú룬Ǹ˲͵þˣûµȥ㣬ȥӽ㡣
ǴüûոĥҪߡվзȵؿֻ
ëɨһǸϵΣŭ
߲˵ġ㣬ϲϸߣ
Ǵ룬˵ˣԼ߰ɣҲߡ
ôֱˣ
ҴӦֵġҺ֣Ժ󲻻˺㡣
ëһ˵Ǹʲôá
Ǵߵڿ˼Լֺõȥ㲻𣿡
ëһѽǴ£µôˣⱲӾ͵١Ϊһ
ǴҲˣƨƨŹƨһǵͨ죬Ŀгί
ëһЦ˵ôˣǴʹ˰ɣΪߣ߹󰡣㱾Ǹ٣ŮӣѵûԼĿ𣿡
ǴúеҲǣҲǣҲŲ˵š
ëָı˵ôǣǣˡ
ǴԣҪ˵Ļôһôã֪һУһָ㡣˵ǰѸڵһλġ
ë˵ġһߣǻĳΣô̫飬Ҫи飬ǵĸڵһλĻΪʲôÿʱ㶼ϸţ
Ǵ˵Ϊǵĸ黹ûֵزǴǶԺŸġ
ëҡͷɣǴ㲻ҪƭԼˡҿ㲻Ҳ㣬ΪŴŮ֮ϸüǮûȡٻ󣬹Ҫĵӡ
⻰һһǴϣúʹͬʱ͵ɿ˻ëһ⣬žһ죬ûëֱ㶡
벻һèǴᷢƢͻȻڷԸ񰡡
֮ǴȻڴϣֻĿˣгŭίɻͲƽ
ԼһŮӣǻë˵ˡΪһֱӵĺġ
ΪԼѱŮΪ˱ԼΪǮüǮҪԼôĻԼʲôˣǸ˵ļŮͶˡ
ëЦ⡣
һԹԵСŮѸҴԼˣ˭ĵӣһƲܰװҪʮ̻
Ǵվë˫һţ˵ߣûš
ǴҪ˵ʲôֻˡͳֻһĿһҪëһȥǡ󻵵һʣʹ޺ͱˣһ˦첲ֻˤķѣ״Ҳˡ
Ǵ󾪣ʧɫŭˣвƾʲôˤҵֻ
ëɫضǴҲǷˣвôôҪŮš
ǴǰڣʵôҪˣ
ëָȹӺΣ˵ҪҪôҪЩ
ǴشǿңҲʲô취
ë˵ԲҲԶӽ㴩ˣҫߣ㱾ʾġϸ룬Ҳͨ»ôǮЩ͵ֵʮšҵˡⱲӶǮϺˡ
Ǵ⻰ֱΣ˵
ëһİ˰ϣ˵ҲԪ
㻹ңҵġǴȥץ
ë֣š
ģǸ˵ġ
Ǵʲôǵñӵ˵ģҪŮ»ȥ
ëϱɫݺݵؽӵϣһָǴ˵ǰҿšھͰЩҡ
Ǵʣһ𣿡
ëٺЦ˵ԼˣҲ˵ҪߣͷǮšҵŮˣӦûǮ˵ŴЦЦúÿ
Ǵ¶֮ɫһģ˵ððҪŮѵǮҶ㡣
ǴժһһӣϳΪϷһţţš
ëˣ۵˵ӰɶǮţ˻ֵġ
ǴԼĶ޵ˣëһƨֹһԭԼ˶һˣһԼϹˣʲôöš
Щ꣬ǴվſߣҪ뿪طһӡĿǳģ˸һ繷ʺ
ָϣëеһ¡
Ǵػعͷ˵ҰֵǮĶˣ㻹ô
ëѼ񵽵ĶСĵطŵϣ΢Цͷһˣˡ
ʹɣʱҪ˼ңŮѵǮ
ëЦ׷ץסӣ
ſң
ëſĿɨȹӣ˵ȹҲƻһλģһ
Ǵ̹ԵǰʱװչʾһֵԪ
ëͷã
Ǵ˵ǺôҲùһѵҹ뿪㻹𣿡
ëĿϺ͸ţ͸а֮ɫ˵Ҳôûĵģ뿪ʱһ㴩ߵģ
ǴʶãĶ
ëЦе˵ǴôõӸ棬̣Ƶѻûšֿ֮ǰҺúòһ٣ҲŲ
Ǵûкˣһ֣˵ɡ
ʲô
Ǯ
ëŶһ˵ʲô˼
Ȼ˵µģҵȻǮˡ㲻ǮƾʲôٰǴ˵໰û߳ܣֻеһʹġ
Ǵֱ׳ӣëٴˡ⻹ʶǴ



15 

ëЦûǮҲҪµġ˵գ˫һ죬Ҫ˺Ǵȹӡֵǰͣסˣ˵ȹҲֵǮġ·㲻ѣҰѡ
Ǵҧҧ˵㲻ҿһΣɰɡԼŮѶûиɹöʧܰ
⻰˵ûëɫ˵ٷϻھ͸㣬µļ
Ǵؽȹȹӣźá
ȹһȥëһ㶣۾ðĹȻûٿˣûоǴʱһƣǷǳޡ
Ǵӽ׶ÿһ˵ġ۵ֻзɫֺڿ㣬еӸ
Ը˿ġŻҶͼյСԲֳһ¶Ĺĵģǵģ˶Ŀٿڿ㣬εģģ¡һɰСëļһڵӲ
ëĿظشתţ˿ڿˮ⣬ֿࡣ
ôõӣӦԼܵģȴǸ˾٣̫ˡǸ뵽ǸԼ壬սԼ˵ϣҪ
ǴһʹӸЩʵ𣿡
ëĿһɨţеתȥҪӺ߲㡣
ûǮҲˡ
ëСӣزˣ㻹װʲôšһƣƵڴϡ
Ǵ˫ƾܵҪҾͺˡ
ëٺЦԱߵһͳһѵвҪǸҺҾͻ϶໮ڣ¶ˡǰѺĵǴϻζţֻš
ʱرҶﳤȻǸ˰ɣҲûôضԼʱﰡԼûںԼûнĵ绰䵽³Ҫǿ顣
ëµһ˹һʹصвͣؽҶﳤ֡һʶԼˣôëôҶﳤ
ëЦţѹǴϣ˵޸ʲôԼѸɲġ
Ǵоǳ裬ͷһֻ߲ĬĬᡣ
ëǴ޵֮ñǰˣҲǰˣ̫ˡߣ̫Ǹˡ
磬Ǹޡ
ëЦ޾Ҫˡ
վһ߿ǴԴӣһ·
ǴȲϵģһ˫СԲӰֶø߸ߵģս壬ϸһǸС𲻵״ɫ֡
ҲģϹˣôãǸˡ
ѹֻ֮ǶѾˣеͺţҡͷԵġ
㿴Ҽʹ󲻣
Ǵ㳰Цһʲô԰ڵġ
ëŭˣҲģСϲ㣬֪ҵҪ˹ȥֻһ£һŽ߽˵һҲŹˡ
ëһʱŻˣ·ˣץӣ˱ȥ
ҶﳤǸС۾绰˵Ǵܱǿˡ
С۾ǴڽӵС۾ı󣬻ٸҺüʱ
Ǵˣϲ콵æӴ
ҶﳤëǶ֣˵Ǵ𶯣ޡ
ǴӦõģġҺúýѵղһֱңҶš
ëúëֱۼҶﳤɫֻ֪ƴˣӵֱ̡
ҶﳤšӺܺЦûЦΪռġһﲻǴŪԼġ
ѣֺֿݡ
ǴеСš֪ҶﳤֺãǺһ
ҶﳤЦҴ˴Сһ㲻ץ֣ٶȸ졣
ëĸץϣ֣һٴҶﳤĸ̵ýǶȺܵҹ칻׼
Ҷﳤšһϡëһһͣһڵϡ
ҶﳤֱȭڴëϣûëѽѽֱУɱƵģˣλƵģǸŵˣƵġ
ҶﳤַһţڻëؿϣëһֱˣײڿǽĹϣѹŶײˡȻͨһڵϣɫ԰ס
ҶﳤϣҿžžžɿĶûëߣѪסˣᵹڵϣҲѪ
ҶﳤһŲĶϣҲģҵŮˣҪ
ëҶﳤĽŤţеҶܣҲˣŹһɡ
㣬ҿϴηһΣ㻹ǿҵŮˣҵޣ·
ҶﳤĽȵûëĵˣһɣҲˡ
Ǵȥѵ
ǴëģѪģ״ܲңдΪ񫣬Ҳûϧ˼ֻ˻ãǰԼ顣
ߵҶﳤǰʵɱ𣿡
Ҷﳤ̤ëݣһЦ˵ɱ̫𣿡
ǴŻëĽţΪӱƿƬ˼˿ڣѪӺߺߣ޽š
ô죿Ǵеֽš
ҪҪʮָҪǿҪûķ﹤ߡ
ҶﳤӹõڻëָţĿϵţЦеģЦص
ëһŵûɢȫеҪҪҲˣһ͵һһذɡ
ҶﳤߵҷŹ㣬Źжرгرġͳָϸζɡ죬ѹצ
ëĿϰŰ򣬾ֲ
ҶﳤЦˣ˵ֲܰҿôѼͲġ˵ţյҪĿġ
Ҷܣ㣬һذɡŹңţл㡣
Ǵǰ³̣ëȣʹ¶־ңÿɱ
£һ˶Ӧ÷ףģȻһԡԼôῴôһţ
ڿ˵ϣΪϣӦƴŶ԰
Ǵ㿴ʶһķϣ˵˵ҲָҲϼͰһûлšëͰ͵˵ϻżƿӣֻǵ˵ֻţѪ˿ɳ
Ҷﳤ˾һֻҪǷŹ㣬˭֪᲻Ժҧһڣ˺Ǵš
ëŤ˵ҷģҶ췢ģٸһԲǵ¶ұײˮʯͷһȺŮ˼
Ϊ˻ëʲô˵óǴúöģҶﳤЦ
һ䵹ͦдġĲ㣬һûãҪǴ˼ˡҵĸαҿ϶ġ
ëǴ˵仰ҲҲϸϼͣ˴ƽˡ
ǴëʷƻëѪҡβĳ̬ǰٸнԸһۡ
ҺôùһͿҵķϷŹһذɣ͵ǷŹһˡ
һë¶ɣһҶﳤһ仰ʹ
ôŹʵ̫ˡ
Ǵ˻ëһۣ˵Ҳ뿴ˡ
Ҷﳤһ
ëһеǴɲҪô鰡ǰɺõúš
Ҷﳤִһȭ͹Ǵе𣿡ûëࡣ
ëӴһһֻ۾ţ˵ǹ͹ҲôˣҽҶˡ
Ҷﳤ佱ù
ҶǴһůҶﳤʱҲЦſ
ĿһǴ÷Ĳֹůġоǻصڼô



16 ȭ߻

ҶﳤëתͷǴһѽ£žɿһ⣬ûëѽһ
㣬Ǵ˭Ůˣ
ëشҶܵŮˡһѪʳ
ҶﳤֳĶһţߵûëʹһƬ
ûҴ
ëþؽеҶܵŮˣҶܵŮˡ㲻Ҫٴˣٴͦסˡſ죬Ϊȶشš
Ҷﳤ̧ŻҪʱǴֹ˵ˣٴˣˡ
Ҷﳤ½ţָŻëĹ㡣㣬Ҳŷġ
ëҶﳤĴȰҶܣѾˣ㻹Ҫô
Ҷﳤһȣߵ˵ɱҵֿ֡Ǵ˵ȥ·߰ɡ
ǴӦһ߹ȥȥȹӴ
ҶﳤǴĿðµСԲƨɺۡĲǹֵģԲ޵ģƨ֮һⱩ¶⡣ѩ¡壬źߡڴճһεĸһӡ
СԲƨɻ߶ţš
Ǵȱ𴩡Ҷﳤø
Ǵȹӣͷʣôˣ
һΡ
Ǵеȣɵͻ֪Ҫˡ
бš
ëϽͷŤһߣ۽еҲˡ
ҶﳤЦ˵ҵСĸΣ°ǰҲûɹٸһҲûʲôġ
Ǵԥ˵ǺðɣҶġɬǵӣϲ
Ұɡ
ҶﳤһӣǾôϸɾһЩԸ¶
һ΢ӡǹġ
ǴһЦ·ѵûǰĳͿֻţеܰƽǶԼķ羰ĲǰǰϷӡ
·һ⣬ǴǸµĶƹһţķúÿ찡
Ҷﳤͦͦӣʹ˵ҳԼڣѿѾܻ漦ˡ
Ǵͷʱֻëǽţ۾ߡǸǶȣǿԿԼӵġ
ǴһۣҲû˵ʲôӣŰӣһһµСֵȺᣬԼŪʱУУѹȸУʹҶﳤ
ëҲˣúܡǴǳӡԴŮѹ˱ˣҲû޸ˡӺóªҷͺӣ׵Ѫֻࡣ
ҶﳤǱС˵ܵˡ
Ǵֻһͬţץߣģ±ߵĵϴ΢Цٲǰķŭͷˣ˺ο
𣿡ǴİƤʹͷһһûġͷͨͨģϻðһˮӡ
Ҷﳤţ޵ˣСҵıòãĺã˵ļҲһġ
Ǵģ˵Ҫÿ죬ҽˡͷ˻ëһۡҶﳤ˻ëһۣ˵Һụ̂㣬ȻĻѾ޷ˡ
ëһŵûëӶ˼
Բ𣬶ԲҲˣҸ
ҶﳤǴ绨˵СĿڼô
ǴĿһУöźۣڵϣĿ£һִһ˰ѽһ£۾Сˣ̾СͷãõĻ궼Ҫˡ
Ǵһţѹͷ죬Ǳ佱ϲáû˵ıȣĸԸΪ򼦰͡һ뵽иǰѹۿúߣ£еϲ
ߵĻëŮѵͷڱ˵ļͷɡУﲻֻᣬʹŭ
ֿŮѵϸŤ񱳸ŻΣСԲƨΪƵԭ򣬿ñúýƨɳΪһ״ƨ⻹ʱһһɵر仯ӦΪǰߵСѨԭɵġ
ľ飬СѨضˮֹˡŮ˶ı֣Ҫ˵źţϧˮΪԼġ
ԼˡҰ˴˺ۣİŮȴſС죬ƷҰ˵ļ͡
ˣǴͺԽȥֻ޴ĿǻޣûȳԵѾˣҭͨ죬ԲϡûκΣֻ³
ҶﳤǸж˵ˣǴҳԾˡָѶȵ淨Ժɱ˵㡣
Ǵһȣĵؿһۣ˵Ҷġ·ββףܶʼţϴˢøһһɾ
ͷӲ໥£ӸӲͷԽԽͷٲǿɳܣһ¶Ů˵һܡ
ۿԼϲ˺٣ƨֱгɾ͸С
ҶﳤǴŪеģҪǾϵһעˡڵԽԽǿˣֹҲá
С쳪ǵʱָҲţϡϡϣϻţţɦţţʹҶﳤһ佱ģǴԽԽϵˣΪиˡ
ǴŴͷ׵ùͷ֧ţ˵ֻҪ˾ͺãԺҲֱŤˡҪŮˡ
ҶﳤһָԿϷļһ˵ܺúܺáԺɲ͵żˡ
ǴͷҲص˵Ҷġ㿴͸ˣһñӵ˵ҷϡ䲻ҵġ
Ҷﳤͷ⻰˵úãǸԣȷʵ䲻㡣עʺϵҵŮˡԺúöġ
ǴֱۣЦҲһҲúö㡣˵ţӣ죬ͷȥƤȥҧˣʹҶﳤСеġ
ǱߵĻëǵĻͷûзɡʱðϮϵĵȥƴѾɥʧ˷
һǿǴյģһλǿǴİæƽġҪٸΣһʧܣҰ˿϶Ҫġ
ë֪Ұ˵ݵġֻҪԷһ仰ԼʱڷҲðǸˡ
ֻһУëæ̧ͷ
Ҷﳤڽţƨͦţีؽţһˬӣ۾гһ죬ؿúÿ졣˫ֻǴͷĹ̫ˣ̫ˡҪˣҪˣȫɡ
һУӶúÿ죬ǴıӺߺšţҶﳤһ˵ȫȥɡ
Ǵ³ӣĵúôʾװ˵Һ塣
ȥ
Ǵ˷ˣ÷ԣתͷֳ˵ˣûסһţ̰׵ҺȾǣ¶Ľ׵ϣ鹵
ǴǰҰ˵ľҺֲġ
ͻëమ꣬¶ûɣʲôˣûԹѵľҺ⵱Ա˵ľҺȷʵúġ֮Уе㼸ֻϲƺΪԼҵһϲ˶
ë뷨ͬŮѴǵžҺἫˣ༫ˣȥΪûйĴš
˶һַֿۣˡ



17 ֹŮ

Ҷﳤ꣬ǸûȫֻԵͷս̬Գ̬
Ǵֲǣʵ㻹ûк𣿡
ҶﳤЦ𣺡ûСݵġ
ǴֵһͷߵѽƤ
ҶﳤһָԼĴǹ˵ǴչʾһĴˡ˰ɡ
Ǵؿһѣǹڵ
һ£ֻСԲֻСһ޳ıģ֣ܲͷ졣һ䣬ǴԺë¶棬أˮȸš
Ů屾о֮ټŮԵĲλ˴ѡ
ëǴСԲƨɣԲ£ƣƺǰˡҲǴëʪˡ
ͬѹ˿ʯͷŮѰ
ҶﳤؿһۣǴںüơһ§˾һհԿڣԲ޵İƨ³ͷһСһ֣ȥһˡ
Ǵ˫ְ˼磬üͷ΢壬˵ϴִˣеʹҪˡ˵ţƨûͣ£תţŤţһڽڳԵֱЦˡ
Ҷﳤһ§סһḧţ˵СԽԽˣϱԼͣ±Եͬá
ǴϲЦˡ
ҶﳤЦ˵Ҿϲ
ǴŤεŪֻͣǶ嵽ҪͱԼѨÿĥţĥԼÿһ񾭶趯һһ˴ʹֳŮ˵Ŀ֡
ıӺţ﷢ŽȫĶһλڶţ˶ʱֻԼı÷壬Ҹ
ˣëɲܣŮ¸Ұţܺù
׻СԲƨ·ֿĿ꣬ϤСëѨһŷɫСźںڵĴӡѨˮ㣬ƨ侹ŭԹֺޣ޲յ֣ɱԹŮңûǸֻеˡ
ܣ±ߵĶȴĵֱӲ֮ǰҪǿǴ֮ǰš
ۿŮѵСԲƨĽĴӣ۵ƨнطˣһ˵ķ羰ߣ߳嶯
Ůѵˮˮǵĺëϴˣʵ˵ĵϣԼĴϡ
żŮѸ٣Сġѹ족ˣǴһ˵ˡ
ʲôѵģٽȥˡ
ǴҪ֣Ҷﳤ˵Сɧ۾ģԼ
ǴһʲôСɧ°ˡ
ǽʲôţ
ǽ
ҶﳤҵСš
Ǵ˵ķԸתСԲƨɣȥѰҹͷȥ׹ͷ֪˵ⲻǱֱģе㽶ȣ˲Ѷȡ
Ǵȥɹ˶ٻأһӽȥˡ
ҳɹˣҳɹˡǴһ㷢Լϲá
־¾ɡҵı׼ҲǸ֡
ǴһۣЦҡ
ϲ㰡
ҶﳤСԲĶ£崣ΡΡֻͷƵˡϱߵСӣңΪˣһһ
СԲ˵İ£״仯ˣʦ棬ŪǴѽѽֱУ㰡ͷˡô涼УҶġʹҲŻãëĶˡ
ǴĶʱҶﳤԸСʽ
ƺó󰡣ҲϲġǴһ߰ƣһš
ҶﳤĶ̬һЦѵ𣿡
ǵͦģÿζôֱҪҵ
һſ£㿴ѻëˣֱ۾Լţߣֱȵ÷̡
۾ѵļͶӲˣˣѵڼšһﾹȻŮѿæÿװû˵ӡ
ǴѰţŮѵĺÌ£ԼٲֻԼߣˡҶﳤ˻ëһۣ˵ûëͷȥ
ҶﳤǴ޸ִ۸
ǴƣҶﳤ˽Ƕƣ̫ջˣɮҲƽġ
ɺᾫУһʱĶԭշepubУtxtӭᣡhttps://about.me/hulishe
Ĵȣ̸ߵİƨɣֹëʪܵģƨϡ϶ˮֱǸСѨȪۣˮСŻ䶯ɢһдζţϱߵľѨҲɧѣƺںʲôš
Ǵٳٲ˵ڸʲôţ
ҶﳤĿŮԸеشɨţ˵С㲻֪±̫߳ÿˣҿ˶˸ˡķ羰
Ǵ˻ϲЦӯӯ˵ԺˣȰ°ɡ
Ҷﳤ˵뱻Ů
롣Ǵ
ýһϹС
Ǵֳ죬ȻЦˡ
аҾ͸㡣
ռ˱˻ԡǴתë
ǴУҶﳤͷſ죬ֵƷĽݺͷ󣬺ǴĽһҵضͣͣҪ죬ҧǺ߽УüģһĺҶ
Ҷﳤ̧ʪʵСва
ҽоˣϹǴٵؽţúߡ
˫ˮ۵ƨ⣬ҶﳤЦ̫Сˣû塣
ϹϹǴĿ
ҶﳤĻŭţ飬ԲϷëȥֻëңɵһ㡣
ҶﳤãͦŰӣһ˽ȥǴһ
оôСͷҶﳤʵ
üˣӲˡǴĿϸϸ˵ļͶԼӰ졣
ҶﳤЦ¶ںšʶƨɣǿظɵǴ鲨ˣϣӴúһʢһšƽʱ崿ľˣԽһŮˡ
ȩ̈ͷţҶﳤһսʿʹǰͦţһĵ⣬Ů˵ĹеĻҡҷţ촽źţͦƨӭţһһˬӡ
ëɧӣԼֻصϣҲζŪ
ҶﳤаЦ˾͸³
ԼСѨȥţɵСѨˮȪɵǴɢˣˡǸСѨԽԽˣͱеֵģʱ
ҶﳤظʱǴСԲӻεúƨʶ̨µĴˣžž
ϹҲˣҪˡǴӱˡ
ȫˣӡ
ɣɣҸӺˡǴؽе
Ҷﳤͳ弸ʮ£Ǵһǰһˣſ
ҶﳤҲ֮͵ԼľȫˣǴ﷢֮һ¶ˬЦݣĿˣ˯Ƶġ
ϹҰ㡣Ǵ˵
Ҷﳤĸһӣһȡûг
ſǴϣζëʱֻëҲವһɹɵ䵽ϣ﷢˻Ҳͦġ
һﵹͦԼġ
˻õ˵ġ



18 Ȼƴ

Ϣϣʼ¡
ҶﳤԻëһţëɲҽвҲ֪ûС
Ǹ㣬Ժ׼ٶҵŮ񡣡
ˣҲˣҲˡëе˺ѷεġ
Ǵȹӣſ˵Ϲڿʪ͸ˣûˡǣᡣ
ǾͲɣ͸ǰѺˡ
Ҷġ
ҶﳤŻëһڿˮ
ǴҲһڣڿӵϣޣˡȻҶﳤĸ첲С˰뿪ˡ
ߵϣҲ·˵ĲĿ۵Ŀˣʱ̧۳ģһյӡ
ҶﳤСƵĶԼ졣ζԼɹˡԼӣķҲԼˡ
ˬУԲݵġ
˵ǰУ»һɷе·ˡ
ǴŷĴ飬˵ģĿˮӣƻ嶼ഺĳҵĿһ֪ô¶
ǲ֪ȹûڿ㣬ֱƤϡСϣʹоֵֹġаĶûаֵشѨһֲʳˣһȵڲĵˣǴֻŵģеС
ȻôܣôˣҲ֪
ת죬ҶﳤصȥҽԺ˽աһˣǴС۾ͼԱȥġ
հһھжܴòҽԺһӡּǿţʹüͷһӣӡ
һ˼գö꺮ů
ոǲڲϣվݵȭţԲűԴĺīһˣеЦ⡣
˵ЩлС۾ż˳ȥˣҶﳤԺͽյˡ
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첲߽ţ˵ɶûˣھԺˡ
Ҷﳤ΢Ц㻹ǹɣûʲôҪ¡ˣŮôˣûʲôӰ
һ֣˵ûУûУѾͷǿšúѧԺɱҵ
Ҷﳤˣид˵ôǶԵġҲڽɼġкõ·ߣ˭ԸԴڿϰ
˫͹˾ĴС齻ʱҶﳤһǮ
ҪƾܣҶﳤһִҲˡ
˲ֻС۾ˡ
ҰǶ򷢻ȥˡ
Ҷﳤһʵôˣ
С۾㱨ͷҵĴ̽ˣһѾ뿪أȡȥۡһתȥ֮ڣǲᷳˡ
Ҷﳤһ˵ˣ̫źˡ
С۾۾˵ͷ㲻ϻֻҪţǾа취ʮ
ҶﳤӦһﲻƽ
һ֪ȥԼΣܸǽа壬Ͼǵʵ˭ġ¶ֻԺ˵ˡ
ֻǵС㣬ʵɶʲ㣬ʵӦôһ£ҵŮûпֵġҲǱ
ôһ룬Ҷﳤϱ¶˻ЦС۾һͿգǸ˽˻ķ᳤ԲԲͬݷҶﳤˡټһȥˣǱ֮ɫҶﳤе㲻ˡ
᳤ֱһǸ⣬ΪС¶ҶﳤǸ˵ԼΣûܺûҶܳͷ
ҶﳤԲԲһӣΪʲôҪԲԲˡ
ˣˣ¶ȥˣԺעɡ
ҶܣǴдԺһܺǣ᳤һмӡ
ǸͷҶﳤʵ᳤ǼûŮ˵Сģ
᳤⣬ʵ˵ûСһƬƴֵģǿ˸ְҵš
ҶﳤһЦݣ°Ȼӡ
ҾͲûŮˡӬ޷ĵѵģҼ
᳤ÿ࣬ȴܾܾҶﳤ֪ʲô˼ֻĿԲԲ
ԲԲ̩ɽҶﳤЦеģЦúϣܶˡ
᳤˵ҶȤĻȥǻɡ
ҶﳤҡͷҶСûʲôȤġǲҵĲˡ
᳤Ͻ˵ҶˣЩлôƼšΪ׼һߵǸŮǸŮѧţҪģǸŮš
ɺᾫУһʱĶԭշepubУtxtӭᣡhttps://about.me/hulishe
һ⻰Ҷﳤ۾嶼ֱͦˡ
ԲԲԱ߲ҵ磬һֱ԰ġҪȱǮǲºġҶչĸ
᳤ҲҶﳤı̬
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ãϾ͹ҶܵĴˡ
ŮָҶﳤһˡ
ʱԲԲһҶﳤ֣г⡣ҲŮ˶Լĵһζþòɡ
Ůߺٽ˴ӣ˵Ҫһ¿
ôˣ飬Է᳤ôѺð
վڴڴŷ磬˵ҶܣǲһŮˡ
Ҷﳤߵߣ˵ǽְҵˣ
ٻشֻĹ¶š
ҶﳤĲ֮дţټŭأϸΣְҵȹĴȣеƮƮȻ
˵˵
ԱŲ˰벽˵ˣˣ
ף飬ôԶˣ𣿡һ
ǿգ˵ûаһ
ҶﳤȤʵε¶㿼ǵôˣ
ûԥشҾȥˡԲҶܡ
ҶﳤͷûʲôԲģѡ񡣡
һ˫ĿҶﳤٽ͵Ǻȥģλ
Ҷﳤһϧį˵ġ
Ĳ𣿡ָ䡣
Ҷﳤһץס֣ۡϸ£ָá
ٵķԽԽ죬Ųܵس֣ǳ鲻ȥ˺ܰԵġ
ҶﳤˣŻңú˼
ѣû𣿡
սս˵òԵ⣬ûйһΣѵѺ˾ƣһ嶯ҵ֣ѻˣʹһ١㲻֪Ĵ׾ϴˡ
ҶﳤֱЦԽؽյýˣһֻḧ
ҿɲҡŮϵҲܹ̫ܵšҲнѵɰɣҪһɶûеĻʲô˼
ٳҶﳤʵҵֲţǰҵ𣿡
ҶﳤЦôõŮӣʵڰϹˡ
գŴ۾ʵô
ҶﳤЦţû˵ʲôȴſ֣ԺЩеʧˡ
㲻ȥĻɳȥòã
ɳٵѣС
ܣ˵㡣ٵԴ䵭Ͳá
ɣһȥ֪ͨɳһòã
ɾ˵áҶܣһ¶б֪ͨˡ˵գſȥ
˫ôСŤúûԲƨתúˣ۾ֱҶﳤȥʽ
˵СѾͷҵģӲҵĵġܿͻ֪ҵĳ̵ġ
ôһ룬±ߵ˼֧˿ӡ



19 ѱ߲

ϣҶﳤӵȥ˻᳤ԲԲӴ᳤˵˺ö껰Ťҡεˡǰƨ쳣飬еջ̲ס࿴һۡ
ԲԲ֣һȥ
ҶܰλɲһţҪǱƼˣԼĳҹġ
ô𣿡
ȻˡƼ˻ܲ𣿲ҪɫĻԺɲҪҰ
ϣԲԲҶﳤֱۡ
ҶﳤһЦ˵Ҳûĵˡ
ԲԲüҿǣҾǡ˯֮󣬾Ͳˡ֪ǿҵġ
ҶﳤЦУУˡҪȱǮĻҰһݹɡ
ԲԲҡҡͷ˵ڲˣз᳤æҵǮˡ¶صЦݡҲ֪Цݱжݡ
ϵ¥һСȥ
ԲԲλ粻˵ʲôʣֻܾˡ
Ҷﳤʵˣø߰ʲô͵Ĺ
ԲԲЦЦ˵ԼġҪʲô˵ˣͻζȻġ
ߵſڣԲԲͣ˵ҾͲȥˣźˣúܰɡ˵ţҶﳤϺһڣҡԲζȥ
Ҷﳤ׵ĵطϿЦŽȥ
ߺðţֻżյʵƣϵĴࡣΣоˮڵⰵһӳԹƵġı߿һʡ
᳤ŪôڸﰡôڵӣοԷӰɱó˹ƭҡ
磬ߵĿռɲСţɳдġӲûеͷ߻еطšǼСţյÿһ䶼谵ġ
ҶﳤһȦûˣʵ𣿡
ֻһֻһţ֪һŮġ
ӴһһڰļӰƾżӰԿ˵ģֲ֮СƾҶﳤĿ⣬Ůӵһϡ
ʱһɵʹŲ
ȻиΣҶﳤȻĳˡԷվһʱˣԷһߣɫģ˻һëš
ߣҶﳤҲĳ࣬۾òġ
Ƿ᳤ҵŮѧ
Էͷ
㻹ԲԲ磿
Էֵͷ
ҶﳤһԼļǣˣһĻĻ£еᡣôãҲ֪ôˡԼҲǷˣӦûˡǹңʱĺҲ嵭һеġӦڰɣ
˼ʱŮָָʾ¡
Ҷﳤڴߣִ¶ͦʵġ
ŮӺĸͰӣ治էġ
Īϸ֮ǰרϹΣԱõΪǷ
İڵƹԵøڣǹģǺġ
Ůһ£ץ󰡣հץడѹôǡʹʹҲ޵ģʹпС
Ҷﳤ϶Ůȷʵܹһѵһǲô죬ôȻġ
ڳɫַ£ǰѸٵ̵һžڣŮӵһֻСֶץסˡŶһǾȻֻСһˡ
ָÿһ浽λҶﳤֻðһһ̵ģһشĳ嶯
Ҷﳤæ˶Ҫ־ͰԼˣ̫ˡ
սǻûһ־ͰԼҪһΪšϸˡ
ŮۼҶﳤİǵôƨɻͦ£ΪһغϾʤ˶Էţ֪˾ȻָֻƽˡһǸְô⶯ǲˡ
ǸŮӶʱҶﳤŻ谵Ĺ߲סŮӵģԽԽԽԽ뿴Щ
Ҷﳤ㷢ƾָУҲ֪Ǹβʽͷܻ󣬻ϸ壬ͻŹġ
ʱҶﳤ̫ĳˣ˵ժ˰ɣҿĳࡣ
Ůƿ֣ҡҡͷּİӡһ˿˿ĿĴԴʹؽ˼
Ҷﳤʵ˵㻹ǸŮ𣿡
ŮӵڰתţԴ˵㡣
ǿɾˣȻһŮô漦ͻôأ
ŮûлشָӣһһڵؼţеҶﳤһ󼱴һᣬûˡ
Ϊ˻⣬Ҷﳤ˵·˰ɣ¶Ҳ¶ӣҿʲôҪǲأʽ׾ȡˡ
ŮûзԣȸҶﳤ·ְ±߰ǹˡ
˰ɣ
ŮһҶﳤֱ
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Ҷﳤľ룬Լ·ӣƵϲŲæָ̧ۡȣǽСǺͿġ
ҪһҰ˿϶ЧŮûѧ赸ҲһѧٵģȻ岻ôõЭԡ
Ů££·ͳͳŶĴˡ
Ҷﳤ߶Ťμ磬Σȣһݵķ飬ƺרⷽһӻ΢΢ţͷҲóӲСš
Ҷﳤ忴ȥȻëë
ֻһƮȻŮӵˡ
ͷţӽſͷһʵӰҶﳤúˡҲ˵֮ǳʹţŮӵһǺġ
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ŮҲ֨Ϊ˼°ӣת˼ѵˡ촽һУͷһãһϣ¼Ҷﳤ긡
Ҷﳤ޷ƽˣŴţֵ䣬ܵԼΪԽǿˡ
๦治ţ㻹һŮš
Ů³ҶﳤĺƽһЩʱŰֳԽСͷϵţҶﳤͷˣ
̫ˣ̫ˣϵĹõŮˡ
̾ţ̽ŮӵӣøƵġӣСӯӯգǵԺüˣԸǴˡ
һӸҪ緢ˡ
ˣˣ㲻ҪˣҲɡ
һ١֣ŮӶһ£ǺܲӦ
ϣƽɣһ뵽ʧúܡ˭ԸȸԼ˰˭ԸʧһİţûӣҪǮš
ҶﳤѹŮӵϣϸ£ãе
ſЩҺøɽȥ
Ůס˺ίſﲻסοԼ˵͵ҧһںˡ
ҶﳤͦŴӣһʵСͷʱŮӺ˼ֱŤȻе㲻ʡ
ҶﳤİӶһ谭ϣ֪ʲôһ˷͵һ̣ŮһҽУʹʹˡ
һҶﳤһΪԷ̫Ϥˡ
ľսҶﳤ䲻һѽҵߡһҶﳤɵˡ
Ӿ



12



01 Ч

ҶﳤӡеӾһֱ崿ģʸǴơڿӣ崿Ǽʱ䣬ʹ϶˼ֳ죬ޣĲɣⱳһкܶ°ɣ
뵽ԼʹظãҼˣСֻſӾϲʹӾɻ󲻽ˡ
Ӿô㡭Ҷﳤ̲ס˵û˵ȥ
ףô֪ҵţӾͦģſԼϵˡǸԼѨԼʹʱЩ
ԲԲ˵ġԼŲ
ллԲԲˣ֪ҵôҡӾᡢö
ʲôˣҰɡҶﳤ֪ôˣôˣô䵽ĵز
ҡˣǿ¶ɡҪȤӷҿԸ㡣ǲ˵úã˵ĵġ˵Ҹ˵ЩҲʡҵĿˡӾϺͣл¶һ˿Ц
һ䣬Ҷﳤһʧһ룬ܵش
ףôˣĶôСˣӾԸоѨİӿͷˡ
ûʲôûʲôó̫ƯˣʹҽˡҶﳤ˵
ˡЩүƯ˶ˣʲôɣҺûȥӾߴ
Ҫȥ
ȻǻѧУȥˣýȥУˡӾ̹ͦס
شȥˣúϢһ°ɡҶﳤǺϧõġ
Ӿ¶Цݣ˵ͦõģܻˣԲԲܵĿ治һûȥΪҲ뻵Լ
ʲôѧУʦͬѧ֪ɣ
ͬнãû֪ġ¶ɲй©ˡһй©ˣҿôˣ˵ˣ¶ɡ˵ţŤһѨ⻹˰һ£еҶﳤһˬһ
ҶﳤΪˣǸɣǰγ
˵Ѿ֪ˣ͸ðγиûд֪ģǿ˵ȥ
뵽Сʱβ͸Լƨɺ뵽һǣͻЦʿˮӣҶﳤֻϲֱ롣
ҪڼͲ֮ǰϲ硣ɼͲ󣬲֪ãȻǱˡʱԼķ﹤߻õѨţӦóǡ
ֻǲ룬ûǻ˶ӦòԽɣ
ҶﳤԼŽ͡е᲻СѨӾСѨӣüͲһ˿϶ʹظоһѹȵĿС˲ߣСѨţȥ¡аߵˮҲúܡţŸȥõ벻еġ
ⲻǱĿŮţӾԼð
Ҷﳤ˺ģһ̧ƨɣӳһ
ӾһʵʲôŸտʼ
Ҷﳤ뿪壬ڴߣȻ˵Ϊֹɡ˵Ҫ´봩·ܣӾֹˡ
İһҵķ񲻺ãˡӾŵ˵
Ҷﳤҡͷǵġ
Ӿߣ˫ḧţһҶﳤ񾭣ʹܺܡ
Ǿһ˵ˣ㷳ˡ
ҲǵġҶﳤθŽͣܲʵʵ˵ɡ
ԲԲ˵ˣһҪҺú÷㡣ֻҪ̺ˣʲôѶˡ˵ҪҲܷ̺㣬ԺͲˡӾ˵
Ҷﳤ˶ʵ𣿡
ҲҺܶ࣬Ұϵģҽ˲鷳ǸѿҺңԲԲҵġӾš
Ҷﳤŭˣʵ˭
Ӿŭˣش˭ҪѾˡԺҲټˡհжŪʹҶﳤĺּӿˡ
Ҷﳤһƿ֣˵ˡ
ӾһôͻȻˡ֮ǰôɽȥ֮ͲԾˣԼò廹ͦŵģΪֻҪ˶ܾԼġֻҪԼųһЩֶΣǻһ
ĪʲôϵϰȻôȥ
ôһ룬ӾеȻͬλˡ
Ӿ˴ҶﳤĿ£סӣοûϵģҿɰѰκõģԵһˡ˵գڹͷ
Ҷﳤðһϵĵ˳嶯Ȼ˵ãûëֻû㡣ţˮ﷢
ӾڹͷϺһڣ˵㿴Լˣûңⲻë𣿡
ҶﳤЦã
ӾķڰŰţˬҶﳤȵļֱȫðܻˡ
ˣһᾫźģɡȻǸԹߣҺܾҵģŵġţãҵԡôһУʹҸȻѾˣҾ
Ҷﳤһʣĸ磿
Ӿķ⹵һţҶﳤ۾ˡ
ʱ򲻸ġ룬Ҫ׸磬Ǹ¶ҪҺòǡ˵ţӾڣţһĿгʹڲţͣ¡
Ҷﳤţ˵Ӿ׸磬㲻óҵļͣҲòČµġɶˣԺɲ׵ȥʱ
Ӿ³ӣ˵㿴ţִˣȸղʱ򻹴šҪǽȥ᲻ȸղŻʹ˵ߣֳš֮⡣
˵ϵɣӾǺںԼĳҹġǰܵĵһαһ˹֣ͷӶȥһλ˧磬ӵһѰıʱͦҵġ
ͬеĽҹļһȥģȽϳӾԼǸ˵ˡ˵˿вɣӲͺá
£ҷ㡣Ӿˡ
㶮úܶ𣿡Ҷﳤʡ
еģȻúܶࡣȻûʵҲۼεġ
ãеġ
磬ǿԵġ
Ӿһ䣬¸ҵؽƵڴԼȥɣִѨҪˡúÿ죬ϾǰǿϷ̸ֽ浽ʵʱ򣬸оһ
Ҷﳤ
ԣԲԡðǴ治бӦġǣһΣͲʮʲôţֻҪҲ˵˭֪ţ˵ˣõСѨǺ˵ġǴŮⲻס治֪ǸȾƵȦα׵ġ
۳ӾѨĥżͣĥԼģرϻ˵ͣ£ãеġ
Ӿ˵磬еġţ㿴ţϳԵˡ˵ţƨһͷѾˡ
ҶﳤʱоͱսˡСѨ£Ѩĥͷʹֱ



02 Ӿҵ

ӾԲ׵ƨ䵽ףӲļһﶥСѨ۵ĸоʹüûǺ
һѶ֣Ҷﳤ̾һҲ޿κΣֻнʵ
ӾֹҶﳤãʵǲǺۣ
Ӿһ˵ûôˣֻĶȷʵô󰡡ҺټôĶ
Ҷﳤʣܶ𣿡
Ӿشһеģ벻ɡ˵ţ˫ְϥСƨɣʹСѨнŪŴӣӺ󽭺˱ݿ̳
ڴ˹УӾӺߺţ߸ߵ͵ͣǿ࣬
ҶﳤѨĺôŪùͷҪˣÿ񾭶Ƶϲ죬ģ޵õСãѼͶҪжˡġ
ӾߣŪţʹӲ͹ŪѨÿһط˵ǸеģÿҵΡ
Ҷﳤʣ
Ӿ˼£ƨɵײ˵Сϣžž˵۰ȸղźöˡ
Ҷﳤ翴İУֻһԼİ趯ţǰһһģ廹š俴ͷΣҲǼ˵ˣοõﻹʱʱţ
̲סˣ̽˫ϣһһš䲻Ǻܴ󣬵ӯӯգֹ⻬ֵʮ㡣ͷ۵üֱˮ
չַֻഺţ٣ңӾƽ˼ֿС
λ磬û氡һŮ˰ɡӾµģż£ѨˮƵ࣬ӴʹƷȤ
ãҽһŮˡҶﳤʲô˼ǣ˫ץŰӣͦϣʹӸؽţͦš
ӴӴˣ̫ˣСˡӾš
ģãСѨеԵģ˵ġǸ޸ǳҶﳤ˵Ҫ֪ãҶ¶ںһӰ
Ӿ֪Ҷﳤ뷨˵һ֮󣬾ȻԵһμ˺ӡ󣬾ԼʵҸǡ
һŤεŰӣһ˵ҪһͷӣҲûˡ
ǺúɣŲǵԵ֡
ӾӦţţţﰡؽšóǴְڳ˵Ů˵ĺôˡ
ҶﳤҲÿ֡õãĺãСѨҲãϻãҲ̫ˣͬʱҲܴ̼˵ģ˵Ŀܶȡ
Ӿڸһͷ˺ӣ˵еˡ
Ҷﳤл𷢲ȥţ˵ãøɡ
Ӿʵë˰ɣ
ҶﳤЦκˡ§һָ˴ͳƣſӾϴţӾŶŶֱУ磬õСҪ㵷ˡ˫ʵϸţȾ𣬲ϣ˵Ľš
ں۵СѨţˮϪѶŴŮѪ˳ķһƬɫŮĴײӵˮֱˬöһ㡣
ҶﳤĴӾСѨԽԽݰ֮ԽԽ˱ɵȤǰ֪ġ
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Ҷﳤ˲һǧʱӾҶﳤýģ弫ӭţҪˣҪˡ
Ҷﳤ͸˼ʮ£Ӿﵽһ߳ƽĵһΣ̯֫ƺûˣˮϡ
ҶﳤٶˣſϣˮȸУŴӡУСѨʱļиУоԼӴƮƵġ
һڴϢţҶﳤһʵоðɣ
ҺöˣˣֻӻЩ
ҶﳤضʹѨڶӾоˣ˵㻹ûŸɰɡ
Ҫǲˡˣòܸá
ûϵġҵĿˣҾ͵е⡣ӾѨа
һˡ֣ҶﳤһٴʶⲻǸڸһλСţȻԼá
ҿûսˡ
ģҺܿͻõġҶҵÿһˣᾡġӾ˵
֮ǰ㶼ôΪ˷ţ
ҰǵСģӦ֪Ӿֱʡ
ɽĳҹ
Ů෽ġӾĻ
ҶﳤǳˣȻ뵽еĺ⣬ɵһۣ±ߵİһ㡣
ӾŶһ˵ˣǱ˵лˡ˵ȥëֻ᷸ġ
Ҷﳤһ˵ǲ˵ˡ
Ӿ¶һ΢Ц˵ôɣˡ
Ҷﳤʵҿȥ𣿡
Ӿԥһ£˵ԵģǽҵĵһΣûӡҪϲĻˣԺҲʲôϸˡ
Ҷﳤһ㶣ʵԺٺҼ𣿡
ӾɫһشֻǽףֲˡԺ㻹⡣
Ҷﳤ˵ԺҲģһ㣬һӡǰڸǮٲᱻ˱ˡ
ôɣ
ҴӺ߸ɡ
ҶﳤӾСʽ߲ԿɼļѩһףһĹ⣬ɢŮķҷ
ֻôƣԼûаڹ֪ڵñ׼ӾţΣͷ˵š
ûϵһġҶﳤ
԰ǴүŮ˵мҡӾЦ˵
Ҷﳤ˫ӾıϡšӾƤܺãһеƨʱ۵󼦵⣬СǴ࣬ҺʵһĵԣһС
ţ빵ʪܵģġջģСѨſڣˮһȪۡëֻ࣬˳һԣѾʪ͸ˡ
ҶﳤŪСʱӾ۵һ£ʹðӶŶһƬ˵Ĳˡ
Ҫģ˵ġӾ˵
Ҫô죿Ҷﳤ˫ץƨ⣬ۺܻġ
ֱɣ꣬ҺûУ԰
ʲôסˡķɱˡ
Ҷﳤ˵ţƨţţŪӾŤεģʤš
ҰѵƿЩɡҶﳤ뿴ϸڡ
ҪҪˣͦõġĹʹ⡣ҪǴ죬һ߰ɡӾ㷢Լ
Ҷﳤ˵õǸѧ䲻׹糾Ҳһ˵ϣֵÿ佱ġȻҲܵġڣҪü˹ӡ
Ҷﳤӻ빵ȻزѨٶ޸



03 ⵱ʧŮ

ͬײһײӾ塣Сƨײžž졣ǰߵͿѣʹᣬгΪˣÿδӴ̵СѨʱʹӾԵ
ҶﳤײòǺأȻǰӾǷ
Ҷﳤ˫ȫţӽжȣ˵ãôز˰ɣ
Ӿ˫ڴϣһɬͻȡ
ˣˣֻİӰ±߳ŵúô󰡣֪ûСӾ˵
ҶﳤİӱСѨܲ͸磬ˮݵˬᣬѨ⻹һһУе㶼ˡѾͷǳҹ¶ࡣжˡ
۾ͺãǸͿһˡ
Ҷﳤһĺͷϸķ񣬿ʼ٣Сƨϣײٵˣ۰ֻҪײˮ
ӾĽײǰʵģеĺɻòһ̰İƨɱܵذڶţҪӽϸЩĿڱͬʱ·䣬еúöö
ְɣûһеþ춯أһжʧһֽз
Ҷﳤ֣ʱѨڣͣ룬һ˽ɵˮҽɵӾۣҲ
˵ֻȥץӾ˫顣ֻ˵Ĺ£ҡģֻܾС¹˵ץȥһŪͷѸٵӲˣһ
Ӵͷú۰Ӿţӵˡ
۵Ҷﳤ飬Ѩ
һӾܳʵ
ȻǾøЩɡҶﳤЦ
ɲҪ̫ҰһᱻġӾе㵣ġ
ƺðɡ
Ҷﳤͬ⣬ϸٵ·ϼۣߵľѾģˡ
ҪôذЩ۰Ӿʹš
ϰ߾ͺˡҶﳤʹظš뵽һλŮ뵽⻹Լãﲻ֪ģˣ̼еǿˡ
һӸ˽£ӾɵüҪſˣӺԲƨɵĲ˴Ϊ׳ۡϧ̫СҶﳤоСѨеøˣʹŨԿء
ҪˡС̫ˡҶﳤִ˵
ɣҪˡӾƨ˵
һˡҶﳤٶȴﵽޣҪӾιȥˡ
ʮ֮ӾϽеֳˣҪˡ
ȫ㣬á
ɣɡ˵Ķô̰
ڴִͬʱ۷塣֮󣬱һƬֻк˷ġ
ӾһſڴϡҶﳤҲ֮ſϣſϣŸ߳ϡ
ƽ֮Ӿ£Ҷﳤﲻ˵ˣ°ɡ
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Ӿ·˿ʱ䣬˵ҿԼ򵥵˵һ˵ʵûʲôģαҪţϵĿ˶ˣشСֵġҶϰˡ
Ҷﳤû뵽õһÿˡ
˵ɣ
ӾûпߣڶĴϣֻҶﳤһӰӡ
ҼұûԣΪи֧ңǮȫġԴӸԺҰزľһ첻һ졣ÿ¶յһЩǮ˵ĳƻؾġ
Ҷﳤ˵žǼٺǮˡǮɲ٣һЩ
ϴѧʱ費ˣǮҲ֮ʧҼҵľҰһ֮£ˣȻ̱ˡΪչ˰֣ܵܲѧˡΪ֧ң߳У԰Ů˵ıǮȥǮҲɢˡ
ҶﳤĺʹҪԼ̯¶ˣôɼͥ磬ôӾôõŮʧ·ţ
һ˵鹾Ͱˣ˶ꡣͥš
˵ûˣʲô˼ˣˣҶﳤע⵽⡣
ӾĻһԥһ˵ˡоĮ
ˣôģҶﳤ׷ʵǲŵġӡУһ򲻴ûʲô
һಡˣܿˡӾ䣬󺮷硣
ôţҶﳤţû˵ʲôಡ
֪ģҶˡûʲôʵ˰ɣ
͸ղʱĹϵͬӾͻȻ룬İС
һʣڽ֮ǰ㶼ɣô˷񡣡
ӾĬ죬˵ǰҪڴɸɵġ
Ҷﳤ͵һеο֪ǸʲôģҲ뵽õͲסҵǣס˵ߣȻԼֻиûˡ
û˵ҡͷ̾Ѫ
Ǯ¶ô㣿Ӿ˴ʵ
ҶﳤشǮġ
Ӿһ˵Ҫˡ
Ҷﳤ˵һ£á
㻹ҽãӾе졣
ʲôܽеţһ㣬ҾԼ
ΪǮүСʱĺ˻šӾ˵ʡ
Ҷﳤȷʾ浱õġ
ΪʲôôãӾɻ
һ㣬һиУԼһ
Ӿ룬˵ҲָоǰĿ˲ͬǰϤһ
ҶﳤЦǾͺã֤ԵšԺ㲻Ҫٽӿˡ
˼ǣӾˡԭ㣬ҹ֮󣬾ʽƤ֮·Ϊ׼С㡣ѾǴŮˣɣ͵ԼˡȻΰţѡ
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ҵ˼˵ѾҵˣҪһӶҵˡҶﳤ˵һ
ҶˣҪңǰҵ˺Ͷ̡𣿡
Ҷﳤһ㶣˵ô˵ҲС
ӾȻһЦ˵벻ôʱýӿˡӵжãҶǺܸмġġ
ޣ⻰ô˵
Ӿش˶ϲ֮ġ湻ҵ󣬾ͻӽġ
Ҷﳤԥ˵㣬Զġ
Ըɡ
Ժпе
治¶¾ôõˡӾϲá
ʺźϵʽҡ
ԲԲﶼеġҪؿǰҼҵķÿɲСģʱٶӡӾѡ
ᷢ¶
ӾΪм˵ллˡֻиĳҹиˡ
찡Ӧж
Ӿ˿˵㻹Ȥ˵±߻Щۣҿͦסġ
ҶﳤһЦ˵Ҵ·
ӾЦˣ˵Ϊ㻹š
Ҷﳤ·Ӿؿһۣϲϲˣ·ȳƵġ
ҶﳤԲԲ棬ʾҪӾʱԲԲ⣬ҲΪӾˡôһλӾԽˡ벻ӾʲôҶﳤӾòġʡΪ˶ãҲһ԰ɣ
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ҶﳤʱҶһЦ֮һԡ



04 żа

ת죬ҶﳤӾʻתʮԪǮõ绰ȽĿǰѡĻٸԼᡣ
Ӿڵ绰ʾϲмšҶﳤֻϵԼʲô¶Լȫġ
µ绰ľҶﳤŸӾһλƣֵȥθֱŨ
ô˵ôڣʵܸı䣬ȷʵԼã治캦ˡǹģҲС
ԸԼһΣԺ󲻿ٷʱƣ»
˵ż򵥣ʵ¶һֱʯͷһѹϣʹɡ˯¶Ǿʹ̾
ϰʱԱע⵽ˣʵҶܣôˣ̫԰
Ҷﳤǩֵıʣڿϣ˵Ϊ㡣
ĿʣӺ˵𣿡
ҶﳤĿϺţԽԽϲ˵ԼͬΣ㶼ϡ黵ˣ;ˣ˪һ
ˣһȣƭңҲŲϵšżļУҪߵ
飬һ¡
ٽŤʵҶܣ㻹ʲôԸ𣿡
һҵתһȦ
Ǻðɡٵ͵ӦһŤζȥƨɱȹԲҶﳤϡܹϵһڿˮ˵Ҳ֪·ʲôйٴˡ֪Թ֪
ȥ˹񲿣Ա׷ױϲΪһƬãƱڽڸԽԽ󣬿ϲɺء
֮Ҷﳤûлذ칫ңǺٳ˰칫¥¥һɢ˳࣬ġ紵ˬ
ٺʵҶܣҪȥ
Ҷﳤ·ֳ̣ʿ΢Цˣ·̸˵ء
üͷһ壬˵Ҷܣһһѻûš
߲һȺܲ˵һûаɣ
ߣشЩ¶ԸɲаܲܰԼ¶ƸҪһʲôð
Ҷﳤ׾ȶ˵ģЦڵҲǹ˵ţ߼ںߡ
ٿ첽׷˵Ҷܣҿºذܲܰ㰡
Ҳ˵Ϊ㡣ҪǴӦߣҾûˡ
ٺ촽һ̣ߵˣˡҲŲĹšҲŲһСŮӻôӰ
Ҷﳤװӣ˵ӰܴÿһһؼҷԲ£˯ã㱡
ˣ̲סЦˣ޹ۣ˶һˡ
Ҷﳤһ˵ЦΪʲôһš
Цݣתˡ
ҲԸЦѹ̫ˣЦݶˡ
ֻҪһ˵㣬һԳƼġ
ٻӦе˶ҶһǸɵġ
䣬֪һС԰棬ٻʢġڻɫɫİΧУһЩе֡
ͣ²ӣ߿ȥ澲ֻšѹ̰壬ӣһһŮɰǸŮӣһĳȹںߵһѳϣŴīסǱӡ촽ֱҵ̳ġҲǱѰ
ʱԺӣʱ죬ƺҲصġ
У˵ЦģʱʱͷŮӣ衣ŮûгҲûйֻǰڰ֣ǻӦ
ٺҶﳤ˿Ůʱͬʱһı󣬵Ǵԭһ
ôˣ飿Ҷﳤ򶨡
ֱֱضŮӣ˵Ů˳ô
ҶﳤңŮӣ˵Ҫ۾òӦƯġ
૵˵㿴ģԽҪ۾òӦǾɫŮ϶ȵӰǻÿ
ҶﳤЦЦ˵Ҳժīһ߳һ˫š
ҡͷҲŲš䲻᳣ˣżҲһġ
ҶﳤûлػǺ֮ͬԡΪϳŮ˭ˣҲ֪Ůȷʵǽġ۾˵ġ
ŮģҲ˵һŮӡ겻Ѿˣ˺Ӱϰ
ʱǸСŮСĴ̰ˣˤϿˡ
ĸϽվ첽ȥȹƮƮ˴Լͬףöһ
ŮӽӷǱףǸοģðʹŮΪЦ
Ӧȥʲôӡ
ðȥɡҶﳤ˵
Ǹ߼ľѾӴǱߵľȱȥˡ
̫źˣ̫źˡٴʧ
ŮҲŮ˸Ȥ𣿡
ҲעԼƯŮˣŬҵǵȱ֤Զ
ҶﳤŮʧķ˵ûбȣô֪Ưţ
ƾֱ
ֱ
ԣֱŮ˵ֱʱǺ׼ġ
Ҷﳤ̾һ߽ľķ㣬С·ÿݺˣʱСѵõǣֻˡ
ʮףǰƣ˵Ӧϴ·ߡ
Ϊʲôţ
ܾﲻȫ
ҶﳤһΧЦ˵ôȫˣ±ˣţ
ûлشֻǰһۣ¶һ˿Цݡ
Ҷﳤϸ٣绨ȹظĹģȹȰװסϵ䵭ȻʧЦȡʱ˼ɵ
ҶﳤĿԼϻϣִϣٲġ
Ҷܣô˼ҹֽŵġ˵ţͷߵСŮӡ
̬̬Ҷﳤģʹ˷𣬲ɵסٵ֣˵ֲǣܳ𣿡
ĵ˵ǲǣǿ˵׼š֣ûأֻˣϰ£꽻ӵġ
Ҷﳤ޵촽ͦͦ˫壬ϸĴȣ뵽ļξܾ뵽ĸջ󣬲ɵһаϮʹͻȻƺ
һѽһĺ촽ҵţ˱ţĥţֻĺζţ·£ãƨɽ˴С״ԵȶָĲⶨţֱ·һ·һ·ʵǸ߷壬һ
ȻϮֱٵĴԶ·ˣ벻ܾôɡôôɣǷ񰡡
ֻԼˣ˫ĥҪˡ
ԼƨⶶСѨ򲻿ɿƵʪŮ˱òʱˡ



05 ŨŨٳ

Сҹֻˡ
һµӣǽѩףǽ˺öŵǹ⻹ͷ黭ͦõķ䣬úɭɭġСҹˣҲѰŮб
Ůӣǵðͷh촽ͿڣȣҪƵĶظ¡壬ܹһһͻ𣬷̵ıŪ˸ͷη
ʱڶСҹӿ죬ͷҲһһµĶÿˣ·𶼻ˡ
ǸСûõĶСҹڽѵ
ôСôûˣͦ
ʧܾʧˣʲôʤܱҳ¶Сҹš
ҲҪǲܣҾ͵ȥﷹˣ͵ñСŪҿ˵ˣ˵šúǰΪϼơȷˣٻȥ
СҹٺЦúţܵñɥȮ졣ǺúģϽٴ֣һͬɵ
ڷһزȥġ
СҹҪ˵ͻ绰ﴫŮ˵˵㶼ɶˣ㻹μˡϢ
ҲǼŮҸŮŮ˵ŭ
˵ҡιСҹ治ǼŮǷš
͵˼зգ˼˸ץ飬ٰһСӡСӡСʲôġ
绰ﴫЦЦúа
úøӰɣŮ˵ĶƤϡˣȻܣˡ
Сҹҵ绰ԽԽԽԽ˫һߣѱһⲽ
˱ĵĶСҹջǿ
ֻʣֺͶ̿ˡ׵ļɫֺͶ̿ӳģԵøףۡϵԲ󡢷飬˵ĲšԲļڵƹ·Ź⣬ڲסΰšӿš鹵޵Ĵ⣬ʹ˶䡣
ǣ㿴Сҹı񣬹ĸ˶ܵġΪСҹĿź⣬ϴ࣬ҧź촽ҪϸͱƵġ
ҶﳤðƻҵһСҲģһҪȫûһҪҵĽġҾͲţŮһСӡ
ץ绰СҹָӴ绰

װŮʲôӵԶ졣
ҪŪǸðƻСҹ˵
ļԲȶǵˣŪ١ӽ㼵˵
ҵȲˡھ뿴ѣȶ˼ǵĹҵӡСҹҧ˵
Ȱ㻹̰ɡСҴıӦǷչҵҪǼҴ˾ĶȫùǾͷˡʱԸǸðƻ׶ˡ
ٷϻ͸Сҹˡ
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Сҹ룬˵²иǹֺһҽ𣿾ɡ
ŶһСҹʱʺҪ㻹˼ɡ
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˾ͳˣûСǡСҹҶϵ绰ˡ
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žͽתͷתת磬ŤŤʹӶʹⶶȻһ⡣
Сҹ૵˵ðƻҿôÿҪѲ̾ˣḧţһֻ¡
ֻҪܴ㣬һ᲻ϧһдۡҪʱĤҲԲҪġͱĴ¶ȣһŷֽ
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ǱߵҶﳤɲ֪Щֻ̲סһ磬ú죬ȫ˵˭ˣ
ʱҽԺĴϣ촽ƺٵķšȻͷϻһۣǱҧġ
Ϊ񫡣ĴͷƷСʱȹ£°ʱͷһۣƿˡ
ûҧгݣûŭĿӣת߿ﻹ˵Ҷܣ̫ˡҶˡ
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û˵ʲôͷǰˣҶﳤȵţԲƨɣкΪƨˣץˣеָлҪá
ĺ촽ͷԼļһӲ椣˵ɶŹġ飬ҲҪ˯ҶܸζðԺҸֱðݡ
侲Լǰȣ仯̫ˡҪǴǰ¶ղŮǸڲˣİãôǸǴ͸ǵƵġ
ڴϣһͷǾǻؼҿ
Դӻ֮ʱ޿̲ԼĸĸԼ֮ٻȥԸǴϵԽǹӡԼˣҲûȥӾ˵ûˣ̱ˣȥһۡȻĻΪӡ
ҪʱͦҪǰһĶĴÿһ˶⡢ġ
֨ѽһſˣһСŮɫʿȹ΢ЦĿ飬һˣ˫һ˲ӣһװģȻ˵һڡ
ҶﳤڻʵǴæ𣿡
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ˡ
ʲôҵˣҵıģҶﳤ˵
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ҶﳤЦţСƨģ˵Իȳ˰ɡ
Ǵҡͷа˼ôˡ
ôҲġǱϾ»ڰ
ûȢң°
ҶﳤСŮţϵζ˵Сǽòã
飿ǴĿˡ
ʲôֵġ
Ҵû¶ͻСûйͷġһòֺͦαذԼؽţǴ˵ú档
СŮĹ۵㵹ͦѡ˼Ҹûн˼
Ҷﳤ룬ҪӦ޸ңҪȢΪİֻ档˵
Դӳܿǵ¶Ը鲻ִšˡҪŮ˵ĻȥɾˣֺαذԼؽţ㰮ʮ˾˸ɵɵ¶ԼĿǰͺλöʺˡ
ôˣװģҲͬ޸㣬𣿡Ǵ۾۲˵ı顣
ҶﳤظϷţ˵Ҷʲôʱˣˣ޵ʱ˵ɡ˵ҵʱһǰֻеʱ֪ˡ
ĥ黰࣬һˡһ𣬶£˱ѡһƬڰУ꽻ӣﻨ㡣
ƮƮɣá



06 ʪ

ϣҶﳤ׼ȥ˾»٣һЩֻذ칫ٴк
ſֻ˵һ£ȻͬȥҶﳤĴ칫ҶﳤŹغãʹٵķһΪҪʲôš
Ҷܣڹ˾ɱҪһ˵ġȻٱķŻˡ
ҶﳤڴϣȤž֮Ů飬ЦĶȥˣҪţ𡣡
ٳһԶһۣʵҪȥȥ죿ȥʲô
Ҷﳤûлش𣬶˵飬ͦҵҰ
ٽתһߣߵˣšֻ飬ھΡ
ҶﳤĿתشɫ˵Ҫؼһˡü궼ûлؼˡ¶֮ɫ
˵ﻹʲôˣ
Ҷﳤشȥ˲֪ü겻ͨѸˡ
ӦȥǣҪЩźá
ҶﳤĿ䵽׾ϣ˵Ҫͬȥɣ벻¶ŵ
֪ģٵķ͵һ˵һǲȥĺáһͬȥļġ
Ҷﳤȹ˵Ҳڹ˾¶ĻֱӸҴ绰ˡ
촽ſֹ
лֱ˵ɣҲˡ
˵Ҷܣ⣬Ҫע尡аĶҲ٣ҲҪİȫš
⻰ҶﳤĶ䣬ֻһůϮͷϵ˻
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һתͷҶﳤһۡһۼйСʧ䡢ꡣֱһȼ˵ģʹԿء
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ҶﳤЦж֤һ˵ĻǼ١
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ҶﳤҡͷֻСɵӲʲô顣
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ٻӰʧҶﳤָдгɾ͸СƾֱҲ֪С椶ԼһøеġֻҪԼ׷һǿԽϿġ
Ҷﳤݳˡ֪β͸š



07 С岡

ҶﳤǰߣСҹĳԶظϡ߻ˣӰʻһ׷
λòŮ˫ỵ̂ĿǰĿľ룬˵ҶﳤǸʲôȥҪԶŰСҹҪҶﳤҲãҧһë̵
ǶСҹҪɱҶﳤĻҪҪţҶﳤһﵱڰͷǸڻˣʱ˵ɡ
ǰߵҶﳤ֪ߵ¶Ҳûзβֻͣרĵǰķʻʫ˵úãӣˡҶﳤ︴ӼˣС
Ĺ㳤Ƕļͥ˵ȴһı仯ıļͥˣȶҸ·ȫˡ
Ӹˮ·ٵխ۵ɽ·ҶﳤأƽȡѸݡ˺ߵβ͡СҹߵóҪˣԿǹµϺڣ㣬㣬Ҫҵ
ǹǸƤڵļһԷٶȣ˵С㣬ҲϺڣҶСס
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Ҷﳤף֪ܿ˼ԲԼԲԼǵָʧٵ¶ô¶ôãԼôԭţ֪ԼˣЩ¶ҲصġԼǸͨĽˣϰҶﳤˡڣ˵ˡ



08 ųд

ŸףҶﳤ絶ʣҪǿ¡
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ǵȻˣ֧ûйŮѡҲ磬ﶼŮԵһŮľͽš
ҶﳤµģǡԺϴѧгϢˣŮеǡ
Ƹף˵Ҳ֪һûϴѧ졣
Ҷﳤ϶شȻС˵ˣǣܿĺӲС˰ɣ
ǳӦÿһ꼶ˡ˵ȶӴЩȥš
Ƕ𣿡Ҷﳤе㼤һ뵽ԼѾôĺӣǺܾϲġ
ԡܿҿֻƬ˧мġ
ôһ˵Ҷﳤվ㿴ӡһ뵽Լ֮ܿĶԹԹˡ
ȻԷԼ˶ӣӿԳΪԼԭ𣿲ܣⲻܰ
ʱˣ棬Ҷﳤߵ׸ǰһãȻתԼĸ˵ҪˡԺ᳣ġǸӲˣԺҾ׶ˡһһúТ˳ģʹÿһ춼졣
Ǵչۺ֮⡣



09 β׷ֳ

Ҷ磬Ҫ𣿡
μ棬ҲõӡֻߣԼ̤ʵˣƺʲôⶼӭж⡣
ҪˡǻܿġȻҴӦ磬ҾͻḺ𵽵ס
Ҷﳤͳд֧Ʊݸǡ
ǽӹһƣһ˵ʮţ̫ˣҲҪҸ׶νǣñ˵Ǯ˵ţҪҶﳤ
ҶﳤķӦ⣬֧Ʊ΢Ц㸸˵ûôҲԡֻҲǱˡĸ磬һ˼ҵĶˡŰɡ
һԥΪѡ
ǣǮȰ˼͵ҽԺ飬޸ƵϣȻѧУѧ˼ҽϰɡһ羡Тġ
ʵҶ磬Ǯ𣿡
ҶﳤЦˣ˵û̫࣬Т˻ǹġҵĻҵĻТ˳˺Ҫǰ;ҲҪ
ɺᾫУһʱĶԭշepubУtxtӭᣡhttps://about.me/hulishe
Ҷﳤ˵ʶСʱҿҸãͻ治ⶼʵ
ǣҵĻ𣿡
ˣҶ硣һĻģ͸ȥҽԺ
ҶﳤԼϵʽǣֿ˼ۣ߳ȥ
ͳһɻ
Ҷﳤϳǰļ˵ǣҪʲôҺܿж㣬ҸһġŶһҪһҽԺһϣ
ֱͷ˵Ҷ磬ĺˣҲҸܻһЩ
Ҷﳤһ˵ˡ˳ˡ
֮ͬǰڻԿվſڣվڝϸС
Ҷﳤһ߿ȥһǻǸӰǰöˣ֪Ϊˡ
漴뵽׵ӣľȻ䡣
ؿûа˼þò⣬֪˹ĸ׵ࡣԭˡ϶ӾΪڳҲǶĸײ˵˵ġĸôôģ¶ţӦð
һ뵽ԼҲͬ¶𣿲ͬǣԼӾ˺ԺͬӾദԺ¶мǣмǣٲܸӾ¶ˡȻӾζܺãܺõġ
һڣͱβע⵽ˡСҹƼˣӰҲˡ
СҹڳĿһ˵ˡ
ϺڶҶﳤĳ˵Ƿԭ·ѵҪؼ𣿡
ҽ˵Ϻڣظˡ
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СҹߴٵٷϻȥŻ֡
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ֻҪƾͿԡҴһǹҽ
ҽûзԣϼʻλãϺϣԼƤͳǹһǹ֧Ŀ껹ԭƲ
Сҹһϲã˵ʯͷһվְ㣬һǹͷ
ҽһţĿȥ
Ǹ𲽣һʣõһ棺һǹ죬ѪŽ߼ѻͷһŵıȻ¡
֪ӽǼһʱǼһӵͷϳˡ
СҹڳҲģǲǷˡ
ҽشģǺСĵġ
Ϻڷǹ˵ӹһ١еʧ䣬ǶûԼƷꡣ
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ϺüҪǹףµҴǺеġ
СҹеˣҧһëġǸŮˣ˵㡣
˲ˣﲻ˵ҲŮʲôʱŮˡ
ڳĬ֮Уγظںߣʹǰɡ
ӰҲԶԶظţøܡղǰľٶΪһľ죬µǵĿģǷһҶﳤ쵰ˡҪǳˣԼһˡ
һ룬ôֲס˻кܴüֵšҪôˣԼҲʧġ׸þȲþţϸһ룬һȻɶ񣬵ǾĿǰյ鱨ûиɹʲô๼Ļ¶ȻҲˣԼûз֡
ôԼסˣǻƴҲʲôջš
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ҪʲôȥСʲôϺ˵
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СҹĳҲˡ³һƣһС֣ϵƻܼꡢõꡢ̵ꡢӻꡢˮȣһҰһҵģŸɫĵơ죬Ҳ˷࣬ϵġ
ٿǰ¥㣬ÿһĹ߶ͬеĹеİеڡٿ¥ϵӣ޺ӳʱʱɫúԻҹֳǡ
СҹһЦ˵Сˡҿ˵ˣһǸƹǸɫߣ˶һԡ
λ˲ҹͬ
ҽ˵С㣬ҿһˣȲþƣҲɫǰƣӮǮʲôġ
ϺҲ˵С㣬ҲһˣȲþƣҲɫҪ˼ҸҵƣҪ˼һ꣬ҿɲġ
СҹһͷһţǺñ
еԩ
Сҹۣ˵ٷϻǰ¶ҪǶôģ˵˵ɡ
ҽλƹӳɫ¥˵С㣬ð졣ϺڴǹȥŻɵˡ
СҹĿתϺڡϺڵҹɫ¸ڣڵÿ顣
ҽȽȥӣ˽һĿλúڵĻȻٳ֡
ҽ룬˵ҲǲУСġ
Сҹţ˵ҹţûаգǲ֣ҪһʧһˣͦġȽȥɡſȥ
˵Ⱦƣû飬ԼһСƤ˳ظȥ



10 õŽ

һ¥һưɣļյƣһʵķΧֻ̨ĹԺЩΪ˷񷽱ɡ
ưɼܴСӣã𣬾϶ˡ滺ơɡԼϲľˮеķһһȻԸõ״̬Ͷ뵽졣
һ̨ȥ׷Ҷﳤ̨ϽһϣѾˣһȻӡ
Ҷﳤֱӹ۲쵽λáҲҪ˾ƣʼ
СҹԸȾƹȾƣɱҵĴ¶
Ӧţںžƣ
Сҹ˿ڿȣʵüƻûУ
Ϻ룬˵ƣʱϳǰһǹ
Сҹһü˵˶ֻ࣬²֡Ҳעġ
ҽȵһھƣžƵĴ㣬˵ҵһ⣬ԲǹʹﵽĿġʱǵޣ⣬Ǵá
СҹŶһ˵˵
ҽ˵СҹЦԽԽֱ࣬Цһ仨ˣֿһӣֻǴ̫ˡϧˡ
ĶСҹ䣬һҲƽСħŮˡ
ͷغڵģ촽غģҲû¶⣬ǴһɫţװʲôϵͷϵͳͳˣҪϵżĳֵĺ֮ɫ˭Ϊһλ˵Ĺ
ãҽ¶ͽˡôһ˵ҷŪˡôˡãҵ⡣СҹĵЦЦ࣬ʹ졣
ϺڼҽһԵõӣã˵ҽ̸ֽ
СҹҲ˵˵ȼھƣͶְɡ
ҽһһߺžƣһҶﳤǵóѵЦ⣬ѾҶﳤܲҵӡ
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μ֮У𶯺ܴ¶ģ°һչ˺üÿһˣǶܹӣٲܷʴ
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ҶﳤȻôʧ̬ϾǼ˵˵ɣŮһָλ
Ů£洺磬
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ȺƿưɡˣҪ㻹еĻҪƣòã
Ҷﳤͷðһ㡣ҿ϶еģֻҪС
вУҪԿˡ
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˶ҹõ塣
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ҹõԳЦ˵ôƺţ
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ҹõǿЦЦ˵ûϵģϰˡ֪Ҷ﷢š
Ҷﳤü̾˵Ҿһ򹤵ģǿڶѡ
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ǵǡ
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Ҷ磬ȤôûôõšҪôõѣҾͲõĳˡҹõ彿˵
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ŮĴ£Ҷﳤˡʣµľƣܿ͹ˡ
ǱߵĶСҹ¶Ц˵Ҷﳤðƻ⼸ӣ֮éǰˤͷʺԶˡ
ڶСҹӰšӰؼ˶СҹҶﳤ龰ĺҡһֱò⣬֪ô졣ҪǶСҹҶﳤͱӣԼҪҪֹţǶǻһһҶﳤǷеüֵġеϧˡ
ǾɡҪҶﳤһҲȲˡҪֻ֣ԼˣһسƫƫҪڴͣҪĻᣬֵ˭ţɡ
ǱߵҹõѾվգĿЦʣҶ磬ʲôƣ
ɡ˵ʲôʲôƺҶﳤ⣬о˷֮ɫ
ǺãȥáŮõ壬Ŀֱˮ
÷Աþͳˡ
Ҫȥơ˵ţҹõŲ̋ȥ
ҶﳤУǽŲȶûоƺƮݣ˵ˣȥٽһһˬġעһҹšֻԧ첻ɡ
ҹõһƿû˺һʱ䡣
ʿˡҹõ彫һƿƷϡ
ҶﳤʱƿѾˡ
ôˣ
ǸġҲýǿ
㲻ҩɣҶﳤЦеʡ
дҩҲҺȰҹõƵĿ
дҩã˻ġÿսֻҪҹСͦס
ҹõһۣЦå
Ͼƣ˼ȣ졣ֻ¶ǺҹõǷҶﳤҲ˯۾ˡΪԼ״̬š



11 һʤ

ҹõһǷʵҶ磬ôˣȶ𣿡
Ҷﳤǿ˯ģͷ˵ͷеΣţ
Ҳǰ
ǲ˰ɡҶﳤ˰֣Էʱ۾Ӱ
ҹõһ΢ЦǺðǵľûзֳšǱһ£˭£ò
ҶﳤЦ˵ððȻͷһͣſϲˡ
ҹõ״Ҷ磬վļǲ㳤һΪˡ
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СҹϿ˿Сҹ¹ҶﳤͣˣдϲҪĽš
±ߵ¶ˣҹõͳҶﳤķ·ϺںҽһһҶﳤںߡɶСҹšֹѽ
ҽشҶ˵İٱ䰡û군ˡ
һϵ¥ͷðǸţҶõǷʱصؿһҶﳤŵɳϣ˯Ũһ䣺ǲҪɣ
СҹЦЦ˵İɣûҪˣǲġҪסԼ졣ȻĻĻ˼ġ
ҹõӦһ˳ӡ
СҹҽʹɫҽͳһǮ˵ǮġҪסǴСĻ֪
ҹõϽӹǮ̬˵Ҫй©һ֣ͽҲúȫ⡣
СҹϬĿⶢҹõͬվϻǰ
Сҹһͷҹõתȥˡ
ĵȫţյͬ硣
СҹҶﳤɫ󣬺ƽȣǻЦ⣬һ˵ðƻͷ˯ôáֻҲ˯ˡ
ϺʵС㣬ôһǹ𣿡
ҽҲ˵ҪҸעһ룬ɶоûУ͹ȥˡ
Сҹ֣ڷŲβڿδһֱ̫ˡӦüŪʹԼ˳ԼһС
ʱӰˡԭҹõʱûйš
䲻һ˳ſڣʹȻһ
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ӰںѵСҹҿǾ졣ҪǸҶһ£Բ˶ߵġ
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ӰվڶСҹһľ룬˵ץҶﳤǷǰ˽ңҿԵʲôûзôСҹչ˰ɡ
СҹӰ˵ҲײץסСӣôܽţŻɽҾΣˡɨһۺ˯Ҷﳤ
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ҵ¶òܡֲˡҪǿˣҿԿǷһСҹ
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СҹƣЦž٣Ȼʲô֪ˣǾͲҪˣɡһݴš
Ӱðɣ˵㻹ʲô
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Ϻںҽһ⻰һΪࡣڶСҹߴ֮£ŷ¸Եİٱ䣬ڵع
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ֻϺڰڳȭļƣ˫ŵţװ˵ɣȭͷµţ۵ɵţ󣬾ǲ档
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Сҹż˵ٰڻӡҺһһϡ
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Сҹ˵ţϣ絶Ӱš
Ӱеúáңֻ²񡣡
һִСҹֱ
Сҹձۻ̧Էؿڡ
ӰŤۡ
ȭսһǶۻңԼͬԼӡϺץǹ룬ַŻȥˡ
ҽȴһͷָ䣬һĲơȻǾı˷ġҪٴ֤ԼһԼǿԷġ
øӵǮɲǰõġ
ӰûעһֻרСҹ
𿴶СҹǸԵĴС㣬ֵ¿йġʦѧ䣬һӿɲĶ֡ںڵ˶꣬κεĻ£Ĺɴûͣѵ
ӰΪʮغϾͿԴٷŵ緭ơȽ֣֪ϵӲͷܲÿС
Ӱ任ȭͽŷսϷ磬ʮغϣֻǱ˶Сҹе㼱ˡ
СҹҲʱϾˣԼ֧ŲסôãѵϺڿǹǿɲУ»ִġ
ԼܸҶﳤͻᱻߡҶﳤ
ӰҽңۿҪܱʱȻӰͻȻһͨһ˵ϡվŸղűΪҽ
ҽ¶ʤЦݣһͷ
ԭڶƴɱʱҽȻϮͷӰıϡǲǶҩҩ



12 赶ɱҹ

ôС㣬ҲǷɣҽǿԼĹ͡
СҹͷɵúãҽǸ˲šȻȥ͡
ҽΪ⣬Ϻ̧һͷΪҫ֮⡣
Ϻڻ˻Դ˶񣬰ԼһĲ
Ӱͷεúܣȫ˫ֳŵأ͵زˡ
СҹǺñɣĵֶΣҲ˳ЦӰʹǡ
СҹͷӰٺЦţһĵ⣬˵ž٣թֻҪס㣬ʲôֶš
СҹôˣǾ졣
СҹĿ˵ôʲô˲ҸʰҪʰ
Ӱߵ˵־ɱңңǾԲеġ
Сҹҡͷž٣˵̫ˡƻҵĺ¶˵Ҫǣǲɱ찡
ɺᾫУһʱĶԭշepubУtxtӭᣡhttps://about.me/hulishe
Ӱһ˵ҡ¶
Сҹ䣬˵㣬ҿɲġҪǲɫԺҪ̵ġ
ӰһݣʵСҹ˵ɣ㾿ô
СҹЦеɨӰظ˵˵žûѣҲûһֱһˣ԰ɣ
Ӱŭߵʲôϵ𣿡
СҹЦ˵ûţ㲻į𣿡
Ӱʵ㲻Ҳһ𣿡
Сҹһ㶣漴˵˵㡣Ҳ£ӦûһŮɣ
һԱߵ̾һ񣬶һ뿴Ӱļ򡢺󱳡Ȥ
ֻӰ˵Ҳشôĵ⡣
СҹֱǺЦˣ˵ž٣ղҿɸ˵Ҫһҹ
ӰһŤͷ˵ܰʲôģԼҪɡ
СҹŴ⣬ϸ˿Щƹ⣬Ҳ֮⡣򿪴һʪ泩
ҲСˣӦó˵ζˡСҹ˵ţתضӰЦ
ӰûɵؽһֻöԷЦصԼҪˡ
ҪôˣСҹһɱġھɱҡӰ
СҹһͷӰ˵ž٣ļûõġҲɵɱġһҸһҹúóŮ˵Ŀ֡
Ӱķֱ³
ҲҪˣˡ
˶ǸȤġСҹĿһһʵ뵱λŮٵǵһΰ
Ϻԥ˵Ҫ椳ãʺãܽԡ
ҽ˿ڿˮ˵ҲҪ椵ȳ̫ˣҪȸɣһˬˡ
Сҹ˴֣˵ž٣˰ɣҵ¶ϲġѡһ°ɡ
Ӱһ
Сҹһ˵˵û۸߹žȷʵ䲻㡣
ǶµС㣬ǲ
СҹûǣǽӰ̾ÿһͦӣ೤ĴȰϧҪˡ
Ӱҧ˵ҲҪҡ
Сҹصͷ˵ȻôҲΪ㡣һ˺ˡ
˭
Сҹһָɳϳ˯ļһ˵Ҿͦʺġ
ӰҶﳤһۣ޺޵˵е
Сҹˣ͵һİƣ˵ž٣㿴˻ǿͦ׼ġ˵һûе׳һź˵ţǰҶﳤһ⡣
ιʲôӰܵ˵һ䡣
Ӵžˣǰɣҿ˵ˣкóһʱˣ㶼ڸһòǿ˰ɣ
Ҳϻ
ãҲ˵ϻڣҾͳȫǶСҹһ
ҲҪеҡӰٴα̬
Ȼôԣô㻹ѡ˰ɡҪҾһ˲õĻһ㣬Pݣ˵ܰСҹȤ
Ӱúöģ˵СҹȰ㲻ҪɵҪ˺ңûꡣһ㲻úġ
вҲûáҶСҹɲǱŴġ㲻ѡˣҿɰѡˡιϺڣҽ׼ûУ
Ƕ˻ȸԾģ˷ܼƵġ
ϺЦɶ׼ģѿӾ¡ǹǹʹţò´
ҽ˵Ҵ϶׼Ϻˡһȹһ̹ĵĳҹʲôʱ䣬ʲôʱۡ
Сҹ˸ֱЦ˵˰ɣž١ǵԶදšҿһͬɰɣ˭ȵһϣԼŰ׹⡣
ӰóˣĿһı顣
Сҹڸýһˡ
ǶϲҪϲ
ڿʼ·Ͻž·ɣգӿ
ǶˣţеģʱܵӰǰ۸첲ӵģҪ֡
ӰƾţǸǿϺڵҪץǰʱһˡ
εˣСҹͣˣ˵ȥҶﳤ·ɡ
Ϻջ֣е㲻ģ˵С㣬ѺãҰɡ
ҽҲ˵С㣬̫ˣҲҪ٣ȻǴŮš˰ѳֲסˡ
СҹעԾԾԵĶˣʵ
롣ͬش
û
Ϻ룬˵˶׼¡Ϊ椣ֵˡ
ҽ˵ܣܵȥҲ𣿡
СҹŰһӣ˵ǰ̫ˡֻ֪Ǿ죬ȴ˽Ҳ˽Ըڽոո̾ӳ֮ԲΪĺԷ˽лСǺŮ˵ġ⼸ǹµĵ鹵
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Ƕõһ
Сҹһۣ˵ǿ档ԸҪǸⱲӾ㽻ˡϺڣΪξˣûεĻᡣǹֱӱͷ
Ϻˣβ
㣬ҽΪܵûֻҪţͻ뷨Ū㣬ÿһ춼ڽš־壬ɹУġôλ˵꣬ǻһ仰Ҳûˡ
˵СҹӰ·һǣ˵˰ɣǹš
СҹӰǹǷ·˵ǻ𣿡
Ƕɫ΢䣬ˡ
¶ǿּӣͰСϣе㻮
СҹָָҶﳤ˵ˣΪʲôҪҶﳤ˰ɣ
ҽһ˵С㣬赶ɱˣ
Ϻڵͷ˵ˣС㣬˭ǣ˭͵
СҹЦˣ˵ûĸԸ˸֮⣬˭ǸͬҶﳤŹҶﳤ𣿡
ҽָָӰǹλã˵ԴС㲻ǹΪˡ
ϺڽӻΪԼǹ˶ˡ
СҹЦˣ˵һѡðɣϻ˵Ϸÿˡ
ϺֹеСˡ
ҽҲ˵ðײˣˡģˡ



13 ڵӢ۴Ů

СҹЦţ˵˭롮ĵҿԳȫǶΪ֮
˵Ͽɹ󡱡ΪһʱĹ񫣬Сײֵá̰ͷɡǣǮȥɺˡֻҪϻǮƯǣǴŮҲҵ
֮ǰǻ¶һǰͷ·
ͷҽ㶨ġһɲֹҽ͵ġص¶Ҳһоһ͵Ĳһ͵ģֻһͷԴӲͬĽǶȿ뿴Ӱ
Ķǳأȥ۾ǿġ
ڰͷʱҽʶСҹС㣬ΪʲôҪⶫĪҲϲֱֳ𣿡
Сҹݵһۣ쵰ΪôţֲСӣȤΪһ֡
Ϻһ˵С㣬ǵǰǹҪҶﳤ𣿡
СҹͷҪǰǹû죬¼ҲԱһѵӵġ¶ݶ֮ɫη
ҽͷĿӰϺɨЦеÿˡȻܸ椣ҲԹһѸš
ϺҲҲҪС㡣
Сҹһü˵¼ǻȱ𿴡
ҽ۾ʵΪʲôţ
СҹشһϢһݰȫ
ףСҹҲû͡
·֮£ȻԼ·ǸѡֹееģСҹӰġ
ǲһֵģϺںҽȸҶﳤ¡
ԭŮţ࿴ҲǺõġûиϡǶСҹֻŶ˶֣Ҷﳤһ·Ϊ塣
Ҷﳤԭʼ֮󣬶Сҹ۲˼ۣ˵һﳤõͦʵģһ鼡ƵģӺмģ֮ԻһСŮӡǸǲеˣʹúõһ˼ԡ
ԭҶﳤ˯вʵǴӿ֮￴ġ˯ˣǸû˯ţʰӲ״̬
·һȥ˫ȼ֧šһ˵˵ļһȫʱֱһʾʮȽǡ˵ʮȽǣǰӲǳȺʹֶѾСҹĴˡ
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ڶСҹУйɱɱйıƣйѪȷ磬й⽣ӰڸǺܴģ¶ˡλεӰһǴŮһö
ȻСҹΪر£Ҳ˵壬ҲżȻһƳ˵ĶҲ¼￴ٸߣͷһôؿ˵ߣӡ̫ˣֱǶ˼һβСĳ
ﰵðƻǿɺ޵ģĶɺޣ֪̣ҸŮ͸ּš
Ȼ⼦µ޹ءҪģǶ⼦͵˽дʹ³ܲҺܲҵġ
Ƕ£ĿŶСҹȻǵŴСǹŮģǺÿĶǵǶСҹû֣ǷԸҽ˴һ롣
Сҹ˳һۣĿƿ
ҽһϲ˫һ꣬˵С㣬ʲô룿˷֮󣬾ͻ˭鲻Ҳð
ϺҲð⣬˵ûȸɽȥ롣޸ˡƽɵϵӰʱֱð̹⡣
Сҹһ쵰ڻţҿɸ㣬ƻҵĸƻҿɷŲǡһָҽ˵һ룬޷ơ˵ɸŮһͷҲϲɡ
ҽͷ򿪰ٱ䣬ʼִ
Ҷﳤע֮ҽӣ˵С㣬ҲҪһҪǸһ룬ŮҲɼŮģпͷġ
СҹҡͷŮͲˡҪǿϷͨϷˣҽҩϻָɣ
ҽʵС㣬˼ǣ
СҹӰƽ˵˵ҶﳤҪǿŮ죬ҪŮһȭߵģ˻ûȵ֣͸ŮĴͷˣǻʲôƻˡ
ҽһԵõ˵شСĻ㵣ĵֳǲֵġΪҶ˵ҩͬ
СҹŶһҽȴġ
ҽ˿˵еģõֻԺҩǰҩʣʹ˯һû¶ˣһճɶ˺С椣õҩҩﻹǵĳɷ֣ʹѺСʱģ޷˵ǿܴߵСҲ⡣
СҹֻӣкϷˡλŮ˵һССֳǵһš
Ƕ˼СЦˣЦñʢõ廹ޣһҲЦˡЦգ˽Ҷﳤ̧׼Ĵϣ㱻СҹϳˡΪҪŮ·ˡ
·֮ǰСҹӰҵĴϣҶﳤһûϸŮ·ٴΰע˵ϡ
һع۲塣ˣȷʵʹ޵ġǶһ̬ȡ
󣬶Сҹؼϣϣã૵ôǶĶţȻ󣬵ǲġòģһˣţǸ򰡡
аˡҿǿĶġ
СҹȷʵǸֱӿĶ䱾˵ģǿƬ¼ĸ׸ںͶõ˲ⷽϡÿθ鷢ʱ򣬶óġ
Сҹ֮Ҳıĸ׿һղţżҲóơǳӢ۵ģԼϰֶˡӢʷԴӢ۵һȤ
Ҷﳤߺ󣬸ȷҶﳤǼٻˡ
ʲôð䣬ð䲻˵ġûǶкŵģشŵİɣ
ţСҹԥָ֣ͷڰӲŪһ£Ƕ͵ҡһӣ˶Сҹһ
ظܵǶļӲͻȡ֣ǶָһʮȱʮȽˡ
Сҹſٵŵס׶ӡɿʱǶˣֱĳΪһݵĺúӣԵررˡ
˵ĶôôЦôذһߡϧǳڴ˵ϡҪǳԼϣԼԺúоһ
ʶԼΪףԼĽӢʱڵغˣһա˵ʲô߰ҿһ˼ҵСŮӡҿյɱ˵
һӣСҹһ˵ðƻοɱˡ޸͸µˡŮ˵ɫǶԻУֱˣǶߵĳҹʲôӦɣ
ðƻһαˡ
ЦЦСҹʼŮ·ˡ



14 һ

Ҷﳤһû۾оﱧŸˡࡢ⻬硢ůص㣬Զ϶һ˵ŮˡһֱûȫĶñֱͻ֮ơ
ֻۣԼȷʵ§һŮӡͷͦϤġԶЩ룬ˣǸߴ죬Ӣˣëʱһ
Ӱ˹ˣôģôĺұһ
Ҷﳤһ»󴲡ֽǽССĵƣͣŹɫĵ̺ҶǸ䰡
Ŭ룬ôҲ벻ôôķ䡣ֻǵԼ˷䣬һĻһ¥ľưɺȾơˣǸҹõŮ˺ȾơԼȴšĪǺȶˣ˸ˡǻӦǸŮ˲ǣôӰˣ̫˼ˡ
Ӱûй룬ǶУʵУǲҵġ̫˽ڵΪˡӵͿԳǹɱˡ
ҶﳤͦǵģŮڻʹ˿ȻСĵɿĸ첲´¡
ǵ´ʱ鲻Խػͷһۣһۣʹʹ᲻ˡҲ˵֡
Ӱƽڴϣһ˿ңһƷһ޾
ӵűһŮӶߵĸͷ޳ıǳǡгڽṹƤܺãУţ̣ϸĸ첲Ϻʹ΢һЩ̺ۣҶﳤǰĻһЩ
Ҷﳤ֪Щ̺۶ﲡʱܵˡЩп벡йأǾְҵĸá
Щ˺ۣҶﳤϧְŨŨȻˣְ⣬Ǵǰ֮顣ʦǷԭģҪʦǧ֡
겻Ҷﳤͦġ
ôϸСôԲȻͬԲ޳⿴ȥѩ͸ȥһָвɣ
ҶﳤҲܺĽ֡ʱرһ첲ϱߣֻ¡ĵûͷĹģ
ǲѾúܴˣ
Ҷﳤ˵˯ţ͵͵ͺá
ӣ±һࡣӴŮ¶ˡ
ֻͬ뵹ţԲƻ׵÷⣬ͷӣһۺ죬ҼģССģ˴ѣ˱ڡ
ңֻﲢǾֹģŮĺٵš΢΢УӣҸ⶯˿ڸ
ҶﳤѵջĿ⣬˺ô󾢶ȶ
촩·ɣٿˡǣû֮šѵôᣬ֪ܵŮ־ɣ
ҶﳤĿٶȥֱص㣬˷ʱ䡣ˣˣи԰
ԭӰ±֣ԸǴˡëǴĸЩ̾ڸµСϣúںšȫѩһģҫˡ
Ҷﳤİ͵һ£͵÷ۡ
Ҷﳤ뿴ſȺСѨʲôӡȽţȷ죬Ҳ±ߵķ羰
Ҷﳤһֳ嶯⿪ڴȣٷֿ֣ǣʵûǸ
˿ȡ룬ҪǿȣٲǸСëѨǺεȵ̰ϧûǸ˭֪Ժĸ˵ţϧĿϧˡϧ̺òˡ
ҶﳤҲôԲģֻſˡǺ
´վе㲻ԾôӸһ̫˽ˣΪںŮ˼֮ǰġ
ԽԽǿյҶﳤˣʹȥϵŮһθײͽŮҶﳤҲԼҪˡǣŮ˵ɶ
ȻûӣǿҵҪѾʹ˫۷죬еƲסԼʶˣϽڵȥϴϴ֣Լ侲һ¡
˵϶˱˵ĵˡ˭ʲôԼӰܹϵˡ˭ôţûл˱ڰ
ϴ״̬ԺһЩһط䣬ֻӰѾڴһãȻӣðף˲Ƶġ
Ҷﳤʶ¶ȥ·ǱӰţɵؼ
ҶﳤŻˡҪǱԼɰٿĪˡ
ҺӰĽ󣬲ƽʱôƾˡ
Ҷﳤæһ֣˵ž٣УС
Ӱһ̺ӣԼסˣֻ¶ԴһĿֻţ˵å
ҶﳤһͷԼİø߸ߵģһŮ¾ӣæֵšǶ֧㶰̵ģﵲס
Ӱͷģöš
ҶﳤεЦЦ˵Ҳǹġңô¶
Ӱһ˵㲻áԼԼСҹ˵ĳͻ˵һ顣
Ҷﳤ̾ģСҹ̫ˣһʵġһţȫȺ
ӰĶԻУȻյе޿ˡþĿ壬Ǽֲ˶õġ
Ӱע⵽ͨ죬۾죬ȫƤ͸źɫͬһ
Ҷﳤе㲻Ծ
Ҷﳤͷϵĺ˵ҺŮڣȫŻˡߣž٣ҿɲ˺㰡
Ӱ붡Сҹһʲôˡ
ȥ·ˣ㱳ȥԼȥ·
Ҷﳤ˳ӵתӣɪɪյÿûˡ
ͨһŰӴһ
ҶﳤѰȥֻӰˤڵϣϵ̺ӵһߡ
Ҷﳤú壬΢硣
վȴֽŲ̫ʹۡŤԳ޵ջţģ£͹ɼǸƨɣԲԲ꣬վĶУһһġ
ӰվҪ£Ҷﳤæһȥˡ⼡ö˶ҶﳤڵĻҡ
ҡӰƾţһ
Ҷﳤһҧ˫֡
ֻӰĽ˻Σˤȥ
أҶﳤûйȥȥԼ·
ſڵϵӰ̧ͷҶﳤ㲻ҿΪ˾̫䵽زġ
ҶﳤͷڳӨ࣬ŭ֮УίԥŸ÷÷
ӰĽʱҶﳤȫˣȫ֮⣬Ǹ˵Ķ͵ôôһһµҵšͷϼʹˡΪһŮӰôܲ£ңѾµҩˡ
ˣң㴩·Ͻ߰ɡСģǷй
ҶﳤӦһȴһܹϱȥ
Ӱɵˣļֹͣ



15 Ϲζľ

ҶﳤӰһţ̲סЩˮ
Ӱһֵأһ۵ҶﳤǸҹҾҪأȫƽʱӡ
Ҷﳤһʹ࣬˵ӰҪըˣҸһΰɡһ˵Ӱϡ
Ӱеå˵ǿ飬Ҫεġ˫ƣҲƲһ̣ŷԼôԼٶסˡ
ҶﳤҩĿʧȥǣ˵ıܣҪȥ¶ˣ˶Է˭˴˾ٵĺ
ĴӰţԷתͷ׵졣˫ָһֻӣԲָڵԣ˰֡ͷ۵ˮӲˡ
ҶﳤĴӰĸ¡ҶҴţ;Ұޡ
ӰɧźΣֻ˫ͷıɺЧ૵ҶﳤҲȥһǹĹͷ
вûãæţϱףм±߶ʹӰǳʣܵض޶ȵؾܾţҲ벻ħ֮֡
ĺʹᣬȦתšǰδҪǴ˿̣޲źá
һӰٶˣΪûˣϺ϶Ҫˡ
Ŀ̾һˣĬĬسϵһԼһʬˡɽĳ裬ܰܣһҪɱر
ӰϵҶﳤŮ㴽ĥģռ˱ˡ˿ԷأȥСࡣ
Ӱſ죬Էͷʱ͵һҧҪǶԷӵÿ죬ͷˡˣҶﳤǱҧ⣬Ѫ
ôһۣҶﳤ˵ѣָǣǵĿ䵽绨ϣ˵ʱֱһֻϻ
컬ϣһֻСӣҧģ˵ͷˣѪСӣұʺ졣ڳһֻ֣һֻӣѹɱɽģ֮¶
Ӱȫţ̲סϵĳħǰһġ
ΪƽҶﳤֻӡǣͷĵģҲŮ̼ܵӦ
ӰͷһԼϹȥúöģ¡
ٴγҹ龰ٴεʫ黭⣬֪ʵпġ
ʧԼİˣԹ޻ڡǾȻҪʧޣô᳦ţ
ȻһȣһȻе΢ʹһɹе巢ļ̧ͷǸ˾Ȼشšͷģȳӻš
Ӱܹɵȫ˫ץȭؽҧţȻĻ϶гġ
̬ſҡӰţԼˮĶˡ
ĵشԭζţԼˮһһֵģøɸɾģ˵ķۺɫӨ͸
ͣ£ˣ㡣
˲󡣵еĶʱӰгִ̼̫ˣͦס
˺ܻŮ˵ģָŮˮѴֶ֡
ӰֻԼںϣʱϸ߿գʱµʹ㷲
ҶﳤͷɨľջʱӰĺøָͷּˡûһ֫ţӺ߽һˮ
ԭŮ˵Ŀڴ´ﵽ߳ˡָ֮߳ʹĵĳбЩΪΪֹáܷŹţ
ƮƮȻ֮ʣͻȻ±һۣһͷˣֱҪСѨˣ˳ǲĤϡ
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ӰֲɵӣְҵĹϵǿ¼ģ֪ʲôڴҪʱ̣Ŀ˫˵ţ˵Ҷﳤ㲻ҪӣȥҪǲȥ˳𲻹졣ᡣ
ֻŴִţϻճĺëġ
Ӱʵ̲ססˣԭҡ
УУҶﳤҵĳҹ㡣Ӱ֮
Ќ²Ūв¶ЦȻƨһĤ
Ӱһģߡú۰ֹۣҪǾϵġ
ţˮҲ࣬еüǴŮŮãŮĤáռ˱˻ԡ
Ӱ֮£һҧҶﳤļϣҧҶﳤһС
Ӱſ졣
˵Ҹҧ㡣
Ҷﳤò죬һӡҧúú찡ҺûгѪ
˵Һˡ
ӦõģӦõġҶﳤǻһˣ˵Ǹ˵ʲôţȻھΣѾȥˣܲܰ;ϰɣ˵ˣ椵ӺСѨã˭뿪ţ
ɰɣɰɣпͷ͵нβɣ
ſӰĽϣҶﳤĴӶСѨһоСѨŰֱ
ۼӰüͷҧ´ȻǿģĴ˫סţֻ΢΢ţСѨ
𶯣ۡ
ӰµģŮ˵һζģܿͻġ
ӰϼĿᣬ촽ſ죬ѣȥǽޣҼ
õûУǽɡҶﳤ΢Цš
Ӱ޵һڿˮϡ
ҶﳤϵĿˮ˵ӰһõŮõġղ㲻ͦ𣿡˵ţСȵس
ӰӺߺţ͸¶ʹ
ҶﳤôˣʹʹǸԼóͷһ˵ˣ˵ҪǹԼˣԼʲôԼ£úһְɣҲС
ĴСɵѨģڵġÿιͷѨڣߵһ֣һ壬ֽȥˣͷӹϣϼ£ٳظû£СѨĿռˣˮҲˣӰ
СѨҶﳤӺýˮݵüвŤһ£һۻʱᡣ
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Ҫ椲ǳüҪüЦҪŤΣҪ˫۹סҵĲӣؽһζĶƤҲС
ڣҶﳤֻʬظ΢żûסĺôɣ̫ˡ



16 ΪĿɵͷ

֮Ҷﳤ˸ơվڵϣӰ˫ȿڼϣһ߸ȣһ߸Ѩ
ܲҪǿԳܵȵĺô
صţëСѨųһԲ¿ĶչţţˮƵšȻСѨһǵӣϵķӦûʧ
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滬ۣеԣǡѡʱϵ⻹Ųš
ɵӰʼûɫԼٵļһ֮ǡҪ֧ˣݵ̣Լ
ҪɿɣɵĻ߿Ӱ޺޵˵
ӴӰ㼱Ϲͷºúø㣬ˬ졣
Ҷﳤʶƨɣ鶯ţĥĿϵĿ⿴ʱüʱҧʱǣϵڡ
ԼɵúʱҲſ콿š
ٿֻӣͬһţӣӲˣƽʱ󡣿ȥˡ
ٿ˽֮ӰСôģ겻͸֮䣬еĽѹȡ
ҲѨڵѪҶﳤΪ⡣뵱꣬Լǣǵڰ顣ǵҪԼ־ߡ
Ӻʱ˫ڴϷţҲİƨϡ
ഺ䣬־ڵѵƨرʵҲãˬץģǳ⡣
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ɿӣѾˣﻹ̣ҡ
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ҶﳤĶһһģˡŴ죬ڴΣ޶ˣ⡣
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ӰһѨڣȥ
ҶﳤӣŴϵƬƬ죬¶ʤЦݡ˵СҹǺңҲôġûĳȫҲòӰĳҹ
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֪һСҹȵọ̈̄ÿöʪˣﻹšˣǵĺ¶ˣΪʵĶƬ
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ƨŹƨƨӰţؿϺݲһţҶﳤ˵šҪЩҾ͵÷ˡ˸հǰСɷϡ
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мٻǧСҶﳤһһֵ˵
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µ㻹ƭңҿǾ찡׶԰ĺӡھһǹΪŮͬ
ҶﳤסĴȲţ˵ҲУҪסһ氮ġھȪ֮£ҲΪģò챣֣õġ
ӰڷŹƨˡĻԡ
˵ĶġôҵĻţͷô滰ûгˡ
ȥҾ㡣
Ҷﳤ̧ͷȥֻӰҩƬ



17 ΪҳϷҩ

ʲôҩҶﳤɿȣԹڵϡ
ǶҩӰЦصҶﳤ̣Լ޹ڽ£ķĺܶˡԹ޵ĳ̶ƺҲס
Ӱ㲻ôݰɣҲùһΣʲô̸£ģһҹްնҶﳤɫҩƬֱֹǶҩҡ
Ӱֵ˵ҩƬĿ˵Ҳô˵ЩﶼǼٵˣ
ôģ档˵ţҶﳤһֱ
ҹ¡ҿû˵Ӱ
ҶﳤЦֹֻ˵һʱԺôģϹ󼦰͸㲻ɡ
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Ҷﳤɵɵسţԥ֡
ӰһҩƬҶﳤ
ҶﳤССҩƬĵǹǱͷǼҳ¶ҳԶҩʲôֵģҿˡ¶ҲȫҰɣ
һ̧ͷӰֱԼǹϵЦԽԽ١ԼҪǲҩҲǹԼȥġ
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Ӱ۲ķӦ˵ԷˣҪˣҿ㻹ôŮϳ硣˵ţ¶οЦݣǹҲˡ
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ҶﳤеˣҪ̲סˡڵϣŷȦ͵վȥ
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ӰЦˣҲģôҲ̫ˡûţػţŽš
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ֻҪǰҵôţӰͷԷ뿴һۡ
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ӰһߵҵͦڵġҪ֪⴦ˣõǹǰӽιˣƨ¶
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Ҷﳤ˿˵ԼСˡǾһˡ
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Ͽ㷢绨üۼ䣬ǺɱƽգŨȻˣ˼ٸĳϡ
뵽Լٸģ뵽Լע˲Һ壬Ҷﳤоر𽾰
˳棬ȣתͷǰСӺվԭأԼһۣҲûӡ
ĳ˴·ʻӰٻӰ㲻ˡ
ǰһߣӰ㳯ķһڣҶﳤ˵ҲܵġʹһӣҾʹһӡ
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Ӱٴ˵Ҷﳤ̫ġ
˳·ͣһ£Ȼٵرȥ
ûб¶졣ֻǲǸͬаˡ



18 

صҶﳤڱؾͣƾо֪һںߵġˣͣӰĵ
ûӣӰˡĳˣҶﳤ˳ļ졣֪ͻȻ٣ǳתۼ䲻ˡ
ҶﳤԱֻЦЦϳǰˡ
ӰʱġһŮӣ䲻ʧȻ벻ˡˣҶﳤҲûȥֻſȥϢˡ
кҩĿ̰һڣҶﳤоԼ˼Ȧʵʦ󣬵ûȥúòһ¡
ﻹе㲻ģΪӰ˵ˣʱܻʲô¶⣬һ¶ԷӣҪ˺Լ¶Ҫ¶ǿҪӳˡ
ȥӰûϵٵ¶ûˡʹҶﳤĲ١ûβͣ泩ˣͬʱĪһ㯡
֪⼸Ӱעתˡĵһ͸Сҹ˾
һصȥҪСҹɸҲˣӴ˵ˣСδ飬֪ȥҲ֪ʱ顣
һ죬ˣӰֱУžỷΪһ¶ԶСҹͻ飬ӲҪɡֲȹͣ쵼ɣֻ÷Щ˼¶
Ӱ˵СҹֵıˡֻҪҿ㣬Ҿһǹ㣬
뵽Ҷﳤǻðɣǹ˾ϴ򼸸ˬ졣ģĹҵֵǮţ󣬱ӳٲᶢˡҿ˾Ż¡
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ǱߵҶﳤ⼸Ҳûţæڹϵ¶Ҳæͥϵġ
һҶﳤڰ칫̸ģӵܵǵĵ绰˵Ѿϸ׽ҽԺˡҶﳤæȥϸ׺ǣӾšԭǺƽģҶﳤӾʱﻹǻ̻̲ġ
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׵Ķ󣬶һͬȥҽԺ̸ϸ׵Ĳ顣ҽʾµĿƼҲûһϣҪָ˵ѶȵġΣ˵ԼԶϣġ
ҶﳤӾˣϲ
ҽǿ˸߰ķá
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19 »ɰ

ȥһ¿Ĳ͹ݣҪĲһҪơƣڰԴȣ˵Ц
ƽʱڹ˾䵭ģйٿѺͿƵġ쵽˾ϣҶﳤĿȰƣʱ·һˣֻǰķˡ
ȥȥأҶﳤŶԱߵ١
˾ƣ˵ģˡһ˫Ҳˮ飬֮䣬ǹġ
ٺ촽΢̣ʵҶܣǲİɣ
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÷һۣ˵ôѡţ
ҵ˼Ͳȥˡʱֲ֣˼顣Ҷﳤ΢Цţװʿ
Цֱҡͷ˵ǱˣҾͻȥɣ
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