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ҵļֱӣûҪ뿪ļ˫ֻ ͷǰ 
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ܺһֱ״̬ҲֻڽǵʱҲܸоҵġ 
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סⳡԺ󣬰ΰǽ˹ȥҲ˵һЩʲôˣˣ ´β֮ĻЩֱ˯ʲô˵ģ¹ʲô 
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ߣƭңһϸǿ鷸ˡ 
ⶼ̵з 
ʱٽͲλĿдǵĶԻ漴ԵĽ ĳײһŮسڷصѡ 
ҪˣҲҲûʲôˡ뿪ǰһ죬Ҿ һ˼ԸһĻܼ˻ôԣ 
Ҫ飬չһӡȻǰԸ⡣ 
ҵԺؼô 
벻ˡϺ 
㲻ίôҪǲӷ䣬Ҳ䲻ϡ 
ʲôϵҾü̫Сˣʲôչ 
ôҵѾ˰ء 
ȻҵͼĬƬ̺˵֪⣬ ǰһԥĴӦ㣬֪Ƿֵ˵ʲôô 
ʵʱ㣬Ҿ뿪ԭѣʵĺһ𣬿 Щ£ҽѧôԼչԼҲԼԣ 
ڻǲܴӦ㡣 
ԭ֪˵Ļû뵽Ȼġ ûȿڣҲһжòһ˰ɣҲһϲڵ 
ˣȻѾô£ҾҪԼе֣ 
ҲͬʱҵĿġʵһΪǶ ÿϧǸңֻΪֲ 
еźǾֱཻߣԽԽԶ 
İɣҵİˣһԶɵķ裡 
ųгԶȥлصĸ ۾סʱҪ룬 ͿҪѧ᲻㣬ȴͣ 
㣬Ѱɻ Լű˵ ҲԸȴҪĬĬ ҴӦԼľڲᣬнҹﶼѳ 
㵽ףʹԼ ҲԸȴҪĬĬ ҴӦԼľڲᣬй¶ѻƵ ˵ףʹҵ 
 ʮ(£ 
ڶ£ҴȥԭĹ׼ͼҵʩչһΪڴ֮ǰ һ뷨ͻȻг֣ȥϺ᲻رϲأԽԽ 
ƲסԼ˵ǻ׬Ǯˣʹҵ֮ ÿ˳С 
飬ٴ̤ĸУأһǰ˵֮Ҳ ĺ׳пǧΪһŮˣҲòΥԼԣ 
ǣһֵõġ 
ΪϾͿǼˣͬѧȴѾ˷ӣ һϸĵͼֻðͼϵĵַѰȥվĥ 
·κסķš 
˭ѽ֤ȷʵסδ𴲡 
ѽһδϴӳǰɻ̬ϱ Ŀϲȴһ˿ǣҲûʱֱеĶ 
˼һѽ뻳Уһķָǵûеǵĸ飬ʹ ӵ 
ȵȵĳ嶯ʧʵƣԿƵ˯⣬˯ǰ ҺúϢҴææĳţ˵ǵѧУ¡ʱ 
ѾڴߣɵңۿЩ 
ϣһ˼˶ ůĶѨͷڱʯϲͣľһһεػ·˵ 
ʹ࣬߿ƺӦ͵ҺΪ ΨһʽڱͬʱҺӿ 
ҵҲһЩҺ壬ͬεҺرճ ¹⣬ҿһƬ졣 
ѪҵľʹӸ߳ѹƹҿ˴ϵѪ лµѪ޴롣 
ղ̫ˡЦڲ԰׵ԵЩ 
ʰͣҽȴ޵ʹϧ 
Բ𣬶ҲáҰûڵ˵ 
Ҳã͵ҵһ޷Ĳ 
ҸжԶԣֻ§壬ţڴʧѪ 󣬾Ҳ쳣ܿĽ磬˯ϣΨһܿ 㡣 
ڶһ磬ƺָҪȥӰұúõ ϢֲǿҪֻóš 
ϺӰǷӳǾӰƬ̩̹ˡӡ𣬣 ' ʼͲܿƵ£󣬼˱ʵĺ 
ĳҵֻŵӰеһ̨ʣ 
' 䣡 
ձĪʦ˵ŷĵ֪Ѿ µѣ˲ҵԺһϷȥҿʼԼðȻ 
ĶԴ˻ɡ 
ǡǲˣҪӰǵĸ飬ҡ 
ûϵȥѧУǰԿûˣô ңҺܸˡ 
Ļش֤еĵλҿʼڷôҵ ŮӣһΪʱֻĬĬΪף 
ϣߵĺ촽Ҳûκεϧĸоڼ ҵĶ£ҵ¡ 
㡭Уܲ˵ġ 
Ժûʲôһˣӵһΰɡģܵˡ 
Ľ룬Ỻĳ鶯ţİһҵ ۰£Ҳҵᣬ˫ҵıϸʱѰҵ촽 
򵥵һҲʹǶ鲻ѣûķ񣬿ȴŨң ϵԳĦĿУڵ˲䣬춶 
嶯ԣǴ󺣻Ķĸ鰡 
ٵӵ˯Ǵлѣһӵ˽ ҿŷ֪ǿ϶ѡҵĵһӦǣ⣬׽ ڴ 
ô죬ҪҴӴȥɡ 
סǶ¥ȥӦòʲôΣգǰһңһ ôڣҪҸʲôУֻҪΪҧ촽Ҳţ ҡͷ˵ 

ϱţֻҪ˵ȥͬѧ̫ˣֻޣʲô ҲûȻ򿪷šһ߸ݵк߽ 
ͣĽšҳЦЦϵϺš 
Ҫ˵ĻͲҪ˵ѡĬã³仰 
Ѿ𣿡һһɡ 
Ҫ׿˵ 
˵ľ˵ġ 
УһҪ׿˵ʲôû 
Ѿ˵ˣ˵ʵҪ㲻ţҲû취 
òĴ𸴣ϴһ§˵Ѿз ֮ʵˣʲô˵һƲм 
ҿȻúܺЦѵҾû𣿿Ǻԣк ںҿɲƻҸֻܿЦſŴϵˡ 
߰ɡε˵ 
еֻҹ˳ȥ 
ѧУĽҶȹһҹҸ˵绰ǿĽ ͣڻȥˣҪϹȥ 
ٴμԺǶúΡ 
ˡ 
ô죬죿 
ҵԼĹޣΪˣٴȥֻƻ  
Բίˡ 
ûʲôʵֻһķѾˣ ܰϴһͷ𣿡 
Щû˵ףһķģû뵽 ̫¡ϴͷʱ򼫽Ķᵽ޵İ⣬ƺ 
Ҳܵգϻ䣬ˮ裬һȦȦ 
ķֱվ̨ϣϴ뿪ʱֻͬһе Ѿ࣬ʱõıþȫӵŶԷƺҪ 
Ѷİ˵һԼڣζҲУΪǶ ܽӴԺ˸ˡӵʱ콫 
ҵĸȫǰŮӣҪԶҸ ɴ׷䣬ֻǵʱȻ 
 һ꣩ ڶ  Ů֮ô ûУ 
١ҡ⡡ôϡΪ  һΪ ѧͬѧͦ˸оڼҵŮԵ 
ȴĻ벻ŮȻ Ƶİã磬ӰУ¹ӡ 
ҵһγӣͬʱҲѧദ ѵĵ ʵʱҵĿУҵŮҺΪǵĹϵ 
ŬҲϰɣ˵Ů̸ô ģΪĸо. ˵Һ֮飬 
ôҺ֮Ӧ Һڳеʱͬѧʱֻһ 
ĽࣨĹ£ҾͲдˣһСʵĸо ̸ϲҲͲǰˣֱ֮ſʼʽĽ 
ԭǱǰҲֻǺһЩ̸ Ҳûʲôرĸдһңʵӡȫ 
һģΪǸᰮѧϰӣû뵽ǽӴ Ե¶ıԸˣһϵĺѧ һĻ졣 
ĳܿ͹ȥˣҳ˻ĻʲôҲû ȻһƬߣȻ뿪ʼһҵİ飬ǳ 
ѧϰѹԭһֱһֵĵ. һǸɼĺѧȴһڻؾʦҪ 
ҵΰ೤֧ǵҪҿɲٴγΪȫͬѧĹУ ҵλãҵõҵϿɡ֮Ҳŵͬѧ 
꣬˭Ҳû뵽Ľ֡ ŵĸ߿춽ˣĵȴõصѧ¼ȡ ֪ͨ飬Ҳһ类͵һʦѧӢϵ֪ʲôԭ򣬿 
ԺҺе仯ʼû˷ʱƣԽԽ ѧǸѧҶ˵治֪ڵԸôѧ ȡôõĳɼ 
һ죬ѧУĸεţһȥ棬 ʱ޵ãҲѧУѧҲУſڡ 
ôʡ ˣһüܶѽǼҪϲϰġ ࣡ҿһݣеʮҸ 
ֻˣУأزο𣿡 ѽڼҪ𣿲͵ɣң ҺͬѧԼ˳ȥҪô 
죿Ҳ֪᲻пգȻҲĿҺȻȥ ޣ˳죬ɣҵĵַң ȥҡ 
ã Һ޵Ĺ¾ζԻĻûȥѧУ пգôǵĹ» 
ԭӦеĹ켣չȥ 磬Ұյַҵޣȣֻһģ ӴЩƣ롣 ҪĲο顣 
ллˣɡ ãҲ˽ȥ˯ѣ ѽȵʲô п𣿡 С 
űĿ֣ǿʼ˵һλ̸̸Уҷ ŮҲԭĿôζȤã˵ǰã 
ʵǰ棬ʱһͷҲûУֻڰҵһ ͬ飬ǸŮ˷쳣 
ԺǾһ˳Էơ塢Ӱ ģǳΪ޻̸ĺѣյʱеݣǡ . 
ٺܿҪȥˣҲҪ뿪ĳеѧ ǰҾòʧȥɰŮõķǽ 
ŮѣǾԶһˡΪе䲻 ǵһҲϲѣԻǾԿ˵ʵʱ 
֪ʲôŮ֮ĸ飬ֻΪԺһͬˣİ Ҳעҵʧܡ ޣҵŮ𣿡ҵֱ롣 ôȻҪ󣿡 
ûʲôô ܺѽһҺܿġ ͬˡ £ֱʱ޻еĪ˵ 
ˣǲ˵ˡ Ů˾Լ˵ƫƫҪӡ ĿеĶඣ ԣʵҲʶ. 
ҵһƣͺը춻͸© ĵܡ ʶǲҲҵͬѧĺ˧ܻŮġ ô֪ 
ǺǣýָͷҲóͬϵһֱѽ ʵǰұʾҾܾˣҪΪѧϰԵʣ 
ѧϰã޵ĺӰɼ֪ϲϲң ޱֳŮ֡ Ǽ򵥣ȥˣؿ˵֮ԻҪ 
ҺĹϵĳΪһԶҲԾ ⣬Ҿȷʵͦ䡣 
ôʣֱֱһ᲻ҿˣ ģһĨǵʣ֤û⣬ղĻһ ʲôӰ졣 
ޡԭҵĻЦ˵. ԩĵģûϷ油ѽ ǶЦˣ·Ҵû׹һһ㣬ҶЩ 
Լʹ棬Ӳ˺· лл㣡  ҵĴ£ߵһҲĵĵµĻ𳵣 
ŴⲻͣһֵޣĬĬΪףϣ´ټʱ Цһôá Ůˣ 
װ㣬ǷһǰԺûı䣬 ڵңѾߵ̫Զӵһİ ůҵֻȱһ㣬û˸о 
˸޺ͷ׵ҹжµ Ѿڻ·ϣ룬衭 
Ҫıᣬҷ衭 ڻؼҵĻϣ߳µĸڴź޵طꡣ 
һѧڣҪԺĽҸӿ޵ļ 棬ȻǾǲȫ˼ʹ࣬ 
Ҫ޾Ľ̸ǴҺ޵黯ҵĵĳ ࣬û뵽ȴǽѵ鷽 
֮Ѿˡûҿڣ޸Ϣ ôǲǻϲԷ𣿡ֻȷͷ Ƚ. 
ˣԼ Ҳס ʵ;ǲʣֻԼһᣬҳҺϲ 
ֱʾһŮѣϣ ܿĵĽȥ 
һʼ̬ͲԡЩҲΪ򱧲ƽҲ Ϊ޲ʵΪ ֪ҲһֱģǵȴŬڸı 
ϣͷأϣٺŮ֮Ҳи ˿ѡ ˵ĿôҪôԼˣ˵ 
ǲ֪ĸԣôأ ؼҺһͲҲ벻ܱ˵Ŀ  
Щı䣬ַԭϲĻԭǸ ҺìܣҲ 
Ծͷˣܲƽˣ ˽ˡ ҴˣͲӦÿʼġеˣҲ֪  
Ů˶ҵɱǾ˵ģ޳ӣҲ޷˵ʲ ô. ˣȻѾˣȥľȥɣҲ̫ˣ 
˶ԸĵֿԶŮǿ㶼ܣһʱͺ ˡ ﻹǲܡ ߰ɣҴȥɢɢġ 
ҵĴѧĵһھڶ޵ĿйȥˣѧԺҴ ˽˺Ĺϵһͷѧϰȥ޵Ҳ࣬ 
һʱŮҲٴһҪ 󣬿̫ʹ࣬ҿʼرԼĸ飬һеȱҵԺ 
˵ɣʱԼĻ ˵ڴѧ̸˸ѡҴӱ˿֪Ϣ ֤. ˭ģЩ˼ 
˭˵ģлûУҵǿӲ ģҵͬͬѧ.  ͬѧȺũֵܣҿʼʧ 
ԣҵͬѧũ񣬾֪ʶӡҲˡ ҲǸ˼˵ͬѧʲôãѧͬѧĸ 
ǿؼҲǳˣйͬ𣿡 Щطȷʵˣҵĵط 硭Ūʡ 
ϣϵѧϯҶҪЭ˼ʹϵ رǿʦҲͦõġ 
СũʶɡҶԴѧĸɲûʲôøС ˵ˣͷ.  Ǻã˵˵ôһġ 
ʼʱŮѣҲͬ⣬ҲǾСط ģȴ˵һŮѡ 
Σҵƾ仰ңһʺȥɣ ȥûһûҵʱҲ̫äĿˡǺ֪ 
ʲôͬҵ˶Ϊ˵û·ҪǲӦǷ ˼һټҽŵ㣬󣬻Ů ѡ 
üƲߣ侲СӲ򵥣Ҫϲ޵˼㣬 бͼ. ô˵ 㻹˵ʲôأ 
ʵиҪõͬ磬ҲͬѧǸĸҲģ ǿܱҵԺͽˣ˵̫ϲˣԼֺǸŮ 
ķ֣ҺǸŮļͦεġ ȻһҲ²ĺ߳ɷ־Ӷࡣ ޣ㰮Ҫ㣬ҾһΪҫ 
ԼиеŮѣҲкøУѧڵͬѧ ޷ͼŮѵĸᲢ۵ģģҲѡ 
Ҳ˵һ仵ϣҵĲ²Ǵġ ãȻĵͷʲô. 춱ҵˣ˷ܵ飬ֻˡ 
Ƿˡҧ촽˵. ΪʲôȻ֮Уһе档 ҪΪﲻͬ⣬˵֣ݵĻ࣬Ͼ Ϥĵط 
Ϊҵҡҡͷĸû˵ôѽ ԶԣҲûٴ̼Դ񾭡 Ĭã޺Ȼһ𾪵Ϣ 
ʵǷֻһҪԭ򡣡 Ǹɻ𣿻ʲôԭأĲɵʡ ҪǸ㣬㲻˵.  ˵ɡ 
Ѿԭˡ ӱ뽲.  治֪ѧﶼʲôˣǰǳĴѽңѾ ǴŮˡ 
ޣҵĴŮûУԷӦ ǣûк.  Ϊʲô⵹ҵȤ ú룬Ҳ˼˵.  
ҿߺȻһֿܣѵ֣ ô˻ġ޼æֹҡ 
ǾҲ¶ˣ˵ҪĻһŮ˵Ҳ ˣȻôӵֶΡ ʵҲҵĲԣһֱͦõģһΡ˵ 
Զһ𡣡 㲻˵û˵ʲô. ໰ƪ Ժҿʼζԭ˵ģĲĶң 
ټϼﲻԸ⣬ͷˡ أ ԭŮߵһ֮ˡ 
ҴûϹƺҲûбʾ̫˸к ߣǾȻİѻתĵط˭ҲǸ 
޻ؼԺԼڽͷȹеơƣ쳤̾ Ůˣ վڷΪ 
һ飬ܽһԭϲһŮˣ ҪɣõҸӦġѡ 
ˣֻҪܹĺãһΪˣѡңһȫȫչ һһǱ뷨ΪԼΰ ʱµѡ 
Σҵ̬ȲǴϻ߷Σڵ֪ϢͬʱҶ ǿҵĿ飬Υԭչһӡ ҷԡ Ч 
ǶĽ飬͸һ·𣿡 Һһͻȥ𣿡 ûˣ 
㲻ôôһֱ˵㲻ѽ ǵȻ˭ѽ˭Ҳ˵֣ҾýеƮ ԣٸҹԻ 
ʵҡ޺ѧͬѧΪҲ˽ Ϊˡ ĿһеļⷣȻҲ԰ıǮϾͱ 
ÿ˶ģǣʱĿʼֳ ȻһͦģǣһɼϸԼһͷֻ 
ζˣ˭Щѹ԰ͬѧɶֺ ģ˵쵼ָƵģʱ򻹹ı˵ļ 
ԷĺףͲ˵䣺Сˡ ᳫƽȵģȻԲ޺ 
һ𡣺֪Լе֣˵Ľ࣬Ϊ ĶһҲĵԴѧҵ棬ż 
ϣҲǴҴȥΪҺټʢ˵һȥ һ٣ңͬ뷨Ĳֹһˡ 
Ϊʲôô˰ɣҸԭ ǣȷʵܳɫоҶҲܺá أ̲סʡ 
㣿ѽ㵱Ȼܺˡ ֪˵ʲôΪʲôѡѡң һְȫУָоҺҪһȴûС 
ǰȫУҺ޵ֱҧôܾҵɶһ ҰѺ֮Ĺ¸߹ޣҪôţҶ ĵģ 
ⲻ⣬ֱҵĸо̫ɢ ̫.  ãǽ̹Ҫܾ˾ҪһӴûлأ 
û뵽ҡҸأ Ĳ˵ģҪǸ˾Ͳˡ Ҫһˣ ǣѾӦˣôǲҲˣ 
ᣬҪۿôֵģ ʦ Ժҿʼ˻ж˳ȥͬѧд 
ǵйϵϣС޷ִӶﵽҪ ǷֿĿģǾ˽ڴĽٳûг֣ ̲סˡ 
ǾȻԣ ʲô֪ѽ ûԸԼŮѺͱ˹ϵеѽ˵ ֪ 
ͺ۹⣬˵ҺһģٱȺͱ ˳ȥǿ ʲô˼۸޵ Ƕͬѧ㲻ʲôµġ 
ˣһŬ׷ˡ ׼ʹӵֶεʱǾȻˡ ã˵һ𲻻нġ 
˼ҶˣͲ˵ģ޲˵. ںθ𣿷ľȷѡ񡣡 ʵ̫ˡ 
۸㣬˵˵ô£ Ϊ͹ԭŷֵģڱԭ 
ȥʱҾܺһȥˣҲͳˣ˵ óȥȥҲһܰҴȥԴڱû 
а취ȥֻ÷ˡ ߣѹ㣬ΪϸʲôƨоΪʲô 
ϵ鲻յģϴ˵ʱ Ҿ˵ô򵥣㲻š 
ˣ֪ͨ˵ǣĸʱң ԪǮ˵÷ԺҾʹһỹ 
Ȼҽгȥ˵º˵Ҿ¥Ϊǻлᣬ û롭 ô ˵Ǯĸ׬ѪǮϣܻ 
˵ҾΪ£Ȼ˵ǡ Сǲô һˣֱˤϡ иԣϲ.  
˵˵ţȦĺˣίԶ׼Ҳֹͣ˲ ڻרһڵ񣬱ΪǿŮǰһ 
޳ǵ˺þãǿɬҺ廹ûг. ʵ֪ҲвԵĵطһ𡣡 Ǿͺ˵ѽҪ˵. 
ҿۿҲ˵ Ļ 㲻һֱǵôȻתˡ ȷǿҿЦ˵ΪҸ˵ƫӰ 
ѡ񡣡 ̫ˣѾûصˣֻǾЩܣ һʱͺˡ ԼˣֻҪڡ 
ͻرѧˡĬһͻȻðһ䡣 รô ܴȥϣҾͺͺãԼ һᡣ 
ԥһ£ǿҵʻҵС סСĲݵϣҿʼǷŮȴ ҵĴڡ 
һҹʷᣬȻʢģ΢лǴ˿˿⡣Ǿ һֱţûκεĽ̸һֱûг. 
߰ɣ̾˿ɵ֪ûʲôġ ɵҲˣ ޵ıӰʧ¥춳ĳ˿֪ô 
֡ɥĲ񡹵ľٶҿεıѹˣҲɵ ҡ Ѿͬ˽Ӧ֪˭ˣ 
ջǻصߵİɡ˷ܵ飬һ·߸裬ǵ·˷׷ Ŀȵı̹׵ıǵ뷨ǲǷˣ ģĪ 
ԭΪھ˼ʧܵĸԺ¿ǵĹϵ ʼûбƵ˼һᶼԸҡ ѵûгɵϣ 
ڵĹϵǺܺΪʲôҪıأ Ҳ˵ڲãͲչ𣿡 ھչѽ鲻õʱ߰οҡ 
ңⲻչ𣿡 ϣܳһԼļͥҷֵеһС ǲܵġ ûԹô֪ 
ôأǵĽ˶ҿɲ ʧȥѡѾʶʮˣѧʱǲ 
ϤǱҵԺҲһˣ˭˽˭ѽҪ㲻ܸҵġ 㵽Ҫʲôȫѵ㻹ҵ˸񣿡 
ȫһ棬Ҫûлϵ̬ȣ֪ ҵѶ˵Щ⻹㴫Ⱦġ 
ǽһһֱܿô.  ҲϣҪĲֹЩҪ֪ҪеһŮ 
Ĺ޿ɲһ׵飬˵ɣҪõҿ ϣÿΪ˼ëƤ鷳գҪǿľû֧ģ 
ϣһϣ һ𣬸ؼģȡ 
˵ûʣĸ飬˵һжǽ Ļϵģÿ춼Բů˭˼̸顣 
֪ǵ䵽ֵز ֻǴһȷ˰죬ͲὲһЩδ 
룬̸ֻһЩշۣôܰҸȫϣ ˵ʵһ㣬ҶʧҲ˵ʵǴ Ů˹ͬ뷨 
ֻǿ¥Ҳֺĳŵ.  ǿ֤ġ׷󣬿ҷģǲ ҵġ 
Ƶ̸ǽΣÿζҪֹ ҲǲõڹȴΪ˻žӦóֵ 
Ȥ׬ǮǲҪΪ˼򵥵ƴĸɻ ȤȴԸġ 
Ȼ˵Ϊİ˿ǸıԼһУֻΪ˱ ˻ţһȫϵҾ飬ԲΪ 
κı䣬ҪıĻҲֻеȵҵֵ˵Լ ǰ뷨Ǵģһ仰Ҿң 
Ȼһһεķҵ룬ֻҪûгΪ˵ӣ ֤Ȼлᣬ˭ı䣬ʹߵ һ 
ʼձĹϵһֱȴ漣ĳ֣ǲ ˵ģһ·ˣҲʹҳ׶ġ 
µѡǸ벻˾Ȼ ҵϰǶͬ£˽ҲܺãΪĹϵǳ 
˺ҪõѣҲʶ˭Ҳ뵽Һ޾ô ۷֮ȴΪǹϵսߡ ҷЩϲһˡ 
˭ʶ԰һ˼һôš һҪæС ôأҵòô. һںǺɵЦ 󣡡 
Цݶϣһʱһ򵥵Ҳ˵ ôˣ ҡЩ֪룬˻ҵ˼Ժ˵ Ӧ֪ġ 
ҵģŭƵķй ֪Ľ֣͵û˵ɡ Ҫ֪õѣңҲҵ 
νİȫУһһ·ˡ ֪ҲƭԼԴϴθŮԺ 
һֱܣҿûɣȻҿܻʹԼ ѡҲϸһᡣ 
̫ϤԷˣ˵ⱲǶû ˡ ãҳȫ㣬ҧŬԼ. ģ ȥ 
Աţ׶ʲôۣҺ ҿԶݡ 㡣ֻ뾡˽顣 źһԺˡ 
ɳϣϰصĽϴʼǷĽ̸ ôƺȵĲˣ⻰Ҳ˵ˣת˻ . 
ѽһͦʵġ ûģ׷ɡ ȶ˰ɣʲôЦ ǿЦģȥ׷ɡ 
ģҲûϷ Ҫϲأ ϲңôܣ˵ذɡ ˵ͱһ𣬻ȥ׷أ 
㲻Բһʲô£ҲҵΪ ãһ˵һô죿 
ңҵȻΪףˣԶѣԺܾͲ ˡ ⻰ʲô˼ ѵҪ쿴һҸӣȻԼؼҶ 
𣿻ǲĺá  ô˵ֵʡ ˵㵱ʲôˣ ѽʲô 
㻹ҵѣǺ˵˵˵ʲôΪһŮ˺ ҶϽ⻹֮˵Ļ𣿡 
һҵۣƽϢŭ𣬡Щ͵Ҵû ԺҲ˵ַ軰ȻھͶϽ 
úúã˵˻ֻǺ㿪ЦأȾƣ Ժ޴ݳҲû˵ʲôֻ۹ĬĬĿң ֱ⡣ 
㶼ˣԸ⡣ ѽ˵˵û׷ҵ˼ҲŻȥ ˣĿĴﵽˡ ʲôĿģ˵ʲôˣ 
ʾͺúôΪʲô˵Ͻ׷ң ҲӦģǳĲһ𣡡 ô˵Ȼû˼ȴҲٽ͡ 
㿴ˡ˵˳ȥ ¥£׷ ȥɣôˡ òʵġ˦ҵ֣ڰȥ 
׷˼һ衣ȹڵϣ̧ͷԶȥıӰ߱ ģΪŮô飬û뵽ȴĿг һСˡ 
ֵΪ𣿡һĵź ֿʧķ򣬿Цҡҡͷˣһйȥɣ Ҳˡ 壩ջ 
ȻѾЩӵеĸȴȻҵ ͷһ˿Īʹҵڶ쾫㱵ͼǣҵķ 
ĵ·ʼ޷ҵĿɬͿĹ ȥˣڽӽĹ⾰Ȼ˵ҪȥǲҲһ 
ȥҼ˼Ӧ˸кԺ󣬾͵ǰ г Ż𳵵ĵҵ˼ҲƮǰ£յһĻĻ 
ǰ޵Цò·ֿɼɵȥȴǱ ĲǸﰵԼܣƽյѵȻ޴磬 
˿һݣŪֻû˯ãû ȥ 磬ҺȻ޶ѧĵطҲ 
Ըԭ򣬳嶯֮£Ҳͨĵ绰վ ĵط󣬾ҪȥˡʵҲûʲôԭֻ ˡ 
ŶѽԼСĵ. ֻд䲻ȵ· ˵Ľһͨѣһ̣ҾɤЩǬ벻 
Ҫ˵Ļ˵˼͹ˣԺҺһڳ ˳ȥȻҵó̡ 
ѾϾŵˣһѵָ£ס д. һа׵ĵһ¾Ǵ㡣 
ڱرߣźɽڵģĸо ´ûз. ھŴĿеʱֻȴʶ Ȥ 
˭ôۣҲԸó绰ӡľһϤĺ . ι𣿡޵Щ һ˭ 
ô㲻̫˽ҵĵ绰ѽ ǣڴ㣬Ϊ绰ҵöż С񣬾ҪͷһСӡ 
㲻ֻͷҰɣʲô𣿡 绰ͷݵĬԺԹ˵ǲǹܿң ģô룿 
ʵ绰ʱҸͲţΪƭң ϵ绰Ժִ֪꣬ȥ˱Ϊʲôû ˵ 
ʱģֵҺúÿôشˣһʱ һֱãҲɢɢġ ΪҰɣ 
ǡǰûҪʲô. ú̸̸ʲôʱ ϣֱȥҼҰɣ 
صԺһͷڱ˯ұ绰 ѵʱѾǾŵˣ޵ԼʵҲˣ 
ʵ̫۵ԭ򣩸Ͻ𴲰ý ȻʮȴûκβˣҴ˷ 
ʢͣĸ⣬ǰľ飬ٿΪЩʲô Ϳ˵ǵһΣҲЩܳˣϵƣ뻹 
ҳԹԺϴ˯ˣҲֳѵõ½⣬Լڿ ѧҵĵȴ 
ٴѾˣѾͷĹڿӣ Ū˵ԵģͿʼһȥϸű̸ 
Ϊ̫ˣһۣʹӦˡ ǸӵһӣڴϣбڴͷšǾ 
ǰҵǸ˵Լ£ҡҸʲô ɣҲѡǾȥԷʹɵ 
ܾҵʾ˵Զõѡһѹʱŭ 춲ɶƵıˡ 㻹ʲôѣŮ֮дҵ 
ô꣬ѵֻҪһҷĳ˵ֵûŮ ѣ Ϊô࣬ѵûһо 
Ĳһһֱ㵱ѿģϣҲһ Ƕˣ㻹õѡ 
ЦѵĿİŮȥҿܲ ̼ɾң ޴סˣҴûǰôĻ𣬾ӨȻ£ 
ͣ鶯˫磬һƬȻϾҰ ŮˣΪʲôһĴʹأ 
ðɣҲòòΪ㣬ҿŽŮΪԼ ѣ᲻鶼һ˰ɣ㲻ǿҲμĻ 
񣬷ҿܿƲסԼ.  ޵ĿڼôȰʼûֹͣ 㵽ôˣʲôҪ˵ɣԸ 
հ죡 ʵڹԼͺü˽һֱûҵԼĹ ޣңǲ̫ˣΪʲôܵõҸȴ أ 
ǲϧɫŮ֪У Ѿڻﰲοš 
ƺûвĿǰ״̧̬ۣңҴ˹ ȥĴһ£ȻЦЦֱʱﻹ 
ûκֻǳ˶ʹϧһ̣ȴ촽صӡ ȥҵӣ 
ǷֿʱûԹҵ±ç۾ȴ¶˵ģ ҵһӳɢǣƿıӣһѹϣ 
ٴȥ˿أƬһ˫Ҳڸ ɽţ 
ҲĽӴëȥ֣ʳָΧ ٴתָһһصۻɽ챻Ҷסֻ 
ܴӱǿзµĽҲͣŤ̼ҵ񾭡 еѾ𽥼ͦҵƽ̹СУ̽ 
˽ĦȵЩˮѨ򲦿ֱ ٣ССͻƬ̾ͱӲ͵ƿңڵĴ  
ûͣ¶ٵһֻеһ ѩ׵ǰ΢ƣס鷿˱ţ 
ʱݼһ¼ͦ٣˫۽գ˫ֱҵͷָ ҵͷ޹ɵĽţԽԽ졣 
ҿϵĲϣһһĶ ͷʾ⣬һϽ۾ȵ΢΢˽ 
Ȫˮӿǹ׼СѨȥһͷ ͻΥĽѹڹͷϣҳһͦȥ 
խͨ޷˳ͨҺ󳷰磬ͦ룬СΧĳ鶯ʹ ͨ¶ǰ˵Ŀ϶ҵ˻ĵط̽Ŀ 
䣬һȫ˽ȥ ǿҵĳʵʹ˳ͣⶴѹʱ 
ҵĲҰڶţĿУ ҲԸĵȴǰʼԽ 
ʼֻ˳һ㣬ڶ̾ĳ޷ͷʱ ⿪ʼӴÿζֻͷ棬û룬һδε 
ʹǵ֯һ𣬺¡ ҽľڵʱ૵˵ҲǷ 
ʲôˡԽ壬Ȼ˿ҵ ŰǵҺ壬ĵľȴԽԽԶˡ Ըʶ 
ԴӺ޵ǴӴԺǼʱԵúܾȫû յ⣬˵ҲӦĿ˭ҲԸⴥⷽ 
⣬ÿεĽ̸ǿҵۣȻ濴ǵĹϵֵú ãΪˣҲʹҸеȻζ 
ʼջģĸģѾİ ͬľģͬľֿԼ 
ѾǵõʱڿʲôӰˣǰͣĻ˿ûӡ ԺҲʱߵ֪УҵѾϣ 
ĸĦšֻ˫ӴʱйЩ΢Ĳȴƽ ҵᱡʱָӦҵľٶ͵ 
յʱͻȻ˵Ĵ۾ӹһ˿ ңȫ˼Ǹʹ 
ңԭģҪĲЩͣϵĶ߳˷ ӳ. ¹£ڱ̨ϣǵĴʹ 
ҵ񾭣еŬƣ÷ʱͷ֣ ľ ¾ĵͬʱҲܳĻҲ 
ܼȥǣûУ Ѿй£ڳԷʱ˷ֿҪ 
ϣûѯеԭƽ һķΧн֣ڷſھͷֿˣ΢ЦŶ 
ԷԺֵ. һֱԼֱ ӰʧҹĻֿ̹ǵĲӿͷ. ޣףһҸ֣ 
˾ôֵĶǣ˼ʹȴ˵ʱ ͣĥҵ飬˭˵˲ᣬֻδʱ 
Ϊ˳װѶѡֱӵİ취ɣҲ ɥʧ׷ģҿʼΰҵмˣ 
ԵȵнˮʱŸɵģһҲȲȥˣ Ǯ. ұҪһˮ˵Ǯмˣû뵽Сһ 
˵ҽǮʵĿģû˵ʹǮóңڵҹ ĻԴдȡ治ҵô 
·Ǳ֮Ĵ£ôЩʱҾͿԼ ҵ׳ˡ ѽܣҺ׵ҵĿꡣͷҪҸŮѣҪ 
һô׵ļŮҪ˽ˡҲϲǶѰ æΪպҴ˺ܴ鷳 
ԷһΣҺ˲٣ȳŵʱѾЩƮˡ ʱҪȥϴͷڴĳƱʹһҷȡʵ 
ҲǰɫģֻûôǬҪС㣬һ ϴȻһһķ. 춸ϴ裬Ҿϴϴ. 
бһϣǸŮ һˮҵ˫˻ͱڻִģ 
׶װĦһоҲûУֻ֪ʱøʵز ҵĽѾٺ٣ԭİĦҪصģֲǬһеĶ 
Ůԣôͦ˫ѽ ûʲôӦͣϵĻѹҵϣ 
ſӰѹӲҵĶﴵҲú ʲôһץס鷿ŪšҲְҵʹʼŤ 
壬²һͦһͦң͵ؽʱ򣬴Ů ңԭѾϴˣŮ˲ˣ Ͻ˹ 
˼Ұ˸⣬Ȼϵ ˱ѣղǸŮѾŪˣҪǹʵ 
һеǰ඼ˣͦҪⶴȥ ƺ֪ҵ뷨Ҵ׳Ҳľֻö˵ 
̫ˣСݲ£ŪŪɣ ûԹŮ˵ĴĹ򣬾ͰͷһʶȤĴ 
棬סҵ˫ӣڹͷ˱ż ҧǻ϶ǰĵ裬Ҳͷӣͬʱתӣʹ 
СѨŵҴֿɼĵطָһᣬȵˮ ĴָָָĲ˽ȥһ£˫ 
͵ţͰڣ˱Ҳӿ񼱡 ѾˣҰķȣ˫עӶڣ 
մҺһͦ׼Ѩڣֻ̣һ ȫѨ. 룬ԳЦݣҲƮ֮ 
Ұ˫̧𣬿ڼϣγƳơ һ̧ʺҲ¶ţһͣͷ̽ 
⣬ֱֱͲ塣ִĹͷأÿһ ֱﻨġ һֱţ˽вͣ ģģĽӴš 
ҿ˼£Ҳزסأȫһ£һֱ廨ģ Ҳֹͣ͡鷢ˣСѨȻҧסҵһ 
һյļѹҪĴһμƵģҲҸ ĿС ȻְҵŮԣˢӻ治Ǹǵİ 
ѽղҾƼһ˶ˣ ޵ ְҵĳƵǾЩԲԣҲͷϲһ 
ҹҪĴΣֱŪƣ̯ڴϣֻܲͣĴϢҲ Ҷøӳס ߣȻ 
Ķȥô̹ĵ˼ҲͿˣ ұԼԼˣǣ˵һܳĲ⣬ͷ 
һǻص˿ʼˡ ѾΪһŵӣҪͷҪһģ ǣ뵽 ҵǮ.  
һЦǮȻҪʵйǴεľ. ּҽ ϵүеһ㻵˼类ӸĥǬˣԾͱ 
⸱ûӣֻŻֳѵһ档Ϊˣ Ҳûʵĺİɣ 
˵Ժ̾ʵҲҼŮͦûģ ô£ ͷ˼ҵĻЩжѽ 
϶ȰһͷģĻֿԭԼˡû뵽 Ļشģ ŶҲԣûʲô˼´Ůˣһ 
ģٲȻ Ҳûȥ˲ѽ ȻѲܰңֱֻҵ˶ϡ޾ùⲻ 
ȥһѣȻˣһõΪԨָ пɲѽһжָˣһᶨһ ˵ 
Լ£޹أ绰ͲдĻﶳ һеĻ롣 أ󼺣ϻѽ 
ʵǴԺǸŮ˾;Ҵ绰޷ٴŪ ǮҲһֱţȻи˶ϣټһκˡ 
磬̳ĳڴ˷ܵ Ҹտһ˫Ьӣţ飬ȥɣ αᷳˣԽ֤ҵľû. 
ǿӲľ 󣬴ϣȥ裬ȻʧǺ ҽһķ. 
ҶԳȤֻĥʱѣû뵽ȴ񫣬һֱ ͣҲֵУֿ鷿ϣ . 
ȥ̽ʱȴҪϲֻѹе ȥ ʱֱ·˳Ż۵Ƥ 
ȻѾ£ʹֱ. Ů˻ ý⣬ǼŮǸʵ 
ϣ˼ҲŽ壬̻ƴһ աϵŮҵĽţҵָ类Һ 
Ѿ״̬ҽӿ˳˳ֽͷѹ ֪Ҫʲôֱӽȵ˼£Ȼ 
ȥƬ촽ĸͷڹͷϴתָɦ ңʱŤӭָĳ壬 
ŵĳ̶ȣҰƨɣ ϡɳϲһַһֲֻƬ 
һһҵ̫˶ѹ£ ԽģŪҿûôģ˫ַ 
һק꡹һСѨ Եʹҹ˲ϧһ ӣһͦٵĳ 
ϵŮѾӦ˸տʼʹ˫ְҵļϣţ ޱķмɡҺȻγſɳϣӺ 
ʵ鷿󼦰СѨػȴȥ ˡ˵ĥˣѽ ã˵ģ 
ϳ飬ƣ׼ľջ٣һ ˽ȥ ֻǽȥһͷŵĽˣ 
ҽȥģû˵ҽƻ˵. ŵļѹķۣһҧһͦʧĺ ͥС 
ƺˣŬƨ۴ѸУײβ ƬҵСϣžžҵӼͦٶ 
عŹͷ⣬񱩵Ļ˶ʹʧأһ һľҺĸ. ڶ죬Ҹ˹ҹѣȻһˣŮ 
ԹĿңȻͷӦ һжˣ춾Լˡ һҵƽҲ춱ҳڼ 
ټʱһͬѧĻϡ ʱѾҵһҲиµѡǵõ 
Ůѵ³ǰʱ޵۾˿ûע⵽ ŮѵĲ죬ȸԾҵߣһסҵһֻ۰򣬼 
ڻŲ³ĵ׵Ļˣ һ̣ãˣ ׺Ϊˮȴɽƣ 
ڶ꣩ 
Ļ  
ֻÿ°ؼҾܼ㣬Ϊһӵķ 
 
ĸףʯҲֻ˵ 
 
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Ķ 
ԴӺȻ֣ұΪӴ˽عµƣٲ£ȴ ºǸϡ 
õ񻣬һ߰ĳϲ͡ ŮͬѧС¹ͼгÿҴԼҵȥ 
ͬѧ˵Ц׷ż⵽עӵĿ⣬Ҳ һЦ峺͸¶ޱȵơ 
Ŷأﰵ޵鳡ʧ⣬ʱ ɥʧ׷ŮȤֻԶԶһִ͵̬õӰ Ĳһ˿ 
꣱£ţһػתˡ 
һæµһ죬ҪŵʱС¹˽ ҲμõվۻᣬһͬĻмͼгˣ 
룬ϵȷûʲôҪ飬Ӧͬõ ͬѧһʮ˵С¹ļ 
ǶٷԵǻһͳԺһ춽±⣬ ۻʽʼ 
ǵǽ촩һɫĽë£˵չ¶ţ ˫ͦţ¶Ƚϸߣý޵ϸһƬΣۿ 
Ҳһˮ鶯 
ȣҪɴΪǾƣ˵һףƴǣȻƽʱϲ ҽֳϣȴ˵κʽĻԡ 
ô˵أþžƱһֵε ҡ 
ȡǸƵתƽʱͬ飬ָ ܴҽһ£ȴһŶЦס 
ǽ첻Ӧеصز鰡 
ʵûзˣֻһҧࣺ˵ 
ʲôĻشȻõ֮⣬ڵһ˿ 㯡 
ֻüͣ˵ڡ֪ʲôʱʼҶ ʽͼ巳úαȻҲϣ֣ܿ 
˵ʵǿѰ 
ͷϸң·ҵΪƵģ ʱҲĬȻЩ 
ŶƺֳգЩʧ˵Ǿ˰ɡ дһЩʧ 
ǿɲУС¹˳·Ϸȡֽʣ˵ ԣд 
㹻ޣҵ͸¶ڴֻ ĬĬĽӹС¹е̾ߡ 
дʲôأŬھЩҸеڵ ôǣĩˣд˰˸С֡ 
ףС㷼פ 
ÿҵףأۺ¶΢Цлл桭 ġǧʲô˼أ 
Ŷд˰Ҳ˼ЦЦʵԭ дǣףСǧ꣡ҿʱ뵽ԷԱ𣬲ٿЦֻ ʱĳڵӡ 
ҲõԵʣһ죬Ҷ˺ܶƣҲ⣬ԣ Ľǣˡ 
ʵĻС¹ԭҵţ ѾŮѵԵʣǸɵѾͷ 
ȻС¹˱Ƚ죬ڲŻ˰춼˹ ʣһȺ˶æſС¹Ǽƴơ 
֪ʲô˲š 
ͣƬ̣ŴˣһϼһĨ΢Ц һεЦݰѵҲʲô£ 
æҡҡλεãȾͱǿأ 
û£ץסҵֱۣЦţǼȣ 
ҳȥȴһתͷŻʹӣ ֻĴĺ󱳣ϣܺܵ㡣 
µĲˣϣôʱѾ޷߶ Ȼ˵ҵĻͷҵļϣٵĴϢšǶ˵۾ 
ҵķҷҵգģҪǣ ӵķ̼ҵ񾭣ĵ״һƬӽ 
ңź˵ɽ岻ʼįţĦ ţë£ƺҲܸܵſɰ»սҵ ͼޡ 
֪УҵѾϸ֫סʹ ȫλĽӴڲϵĴ̼֮£ҵʱ 
ƣ𽥵׳ҡһΣΪԼҸ֮ 
Ҳתͷ͵͵õһǣܸоһ ƫƫͷҼ˯š 
ͻȻԼеһ˴ŮӣȻܲЩ ͷ֮£һ治һðǣ΢ 
ӣʹܸʵϣԼվıֱŬа ͷš 
춣Ⱥƹʧ˺ܾã˹ڿǵ κ󣬾ȻҪһ࣬ڵ˰ 
ԥʱþȻˡû£һ¾͹ȥˣ ָңչҰɣ 
ٿһѵû˯ţҿеɢ ΢һЩ 
뿪ԺַҵϣղŲͬǣҲЩҺ ҵë£ҵƤϡ 
أ˭˵Ůأ 
ͷĳ鶯һҪŮӵĳ嶯Ȼ һţŵķӦ 
ĦУԴҾûؼҡҷ Ժ÷ϳſʻããҹɫ 
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ڶ磬ұĿͷ͵ĵˡ 
õһһ˵ҼҵĵԴεգ֪һ Ǹմѹƽʱͬǣʱһֽߵɫ ʳָ󶯡 
ллˡ졭ͷСӺߺߡ 
ҹΣ˵ں˵Ҵ˰ɣǺ˵ ɣ 
˲ʱֵ޴룬ðôһĻ 
ˣõԺôƣġҼþա 
֪´βˡ΢˶٣ʵ졭 û˵ʲôʧĻɣ 
ҹȴͣţԭΪ ҵģٺ٣һͷȻ˳Ȼˣ 
˵ʲôˣɫҵʵ 
˵㣬Ҹ绰ɣҵĵ绰ң 
ƺ֪Լƺ飬ĥӲݵ˼䣬˿ ûɿڵ˼ֻº룬ҪҴӦһȥ绰뿪ˡ 
ҰĵӾ磬Ƭӽ֮Ӧ 飬˵Щʲôأʵû˵ʲôȻ 
ôʱ䣬ҲøԼҵȤˣɰŮҲأ 
ôôʮˣ˼Ҳ˯ˣ绰ͷ Թš 
Ŷ˼ʵæ 
˵쵽ôˣ 
˰ҹȦӡ 
֪Ҹ˵Щʲôأ 
ʵҲûʲô˵չһӣҹɵ˵ 
ôҵĻشȻõ⣬˵  
ģһúչģΪ˵꣬ס ͲĴЦ 
ǧ棬أ̼Ļش 
ôܲ棿Ҳװչѽ ѾˣԺҾѣ 
ɣóԾ˵ǲϤ˶Է֣ һ֪ôܽأ 
ǿģһչһһⱲӾ иҺɵĻشԺɲǼ両ʿͷ­ 
Ѫ׳ΰ棬˵ʵڻҶԼ׳жˣο绰Ƕ á 
㲻ƭҰɣƺ˺磬ĵĵ 
Ѿ˵ȥˣôҲҪӲףƭ㣿ҵ 񣡡һ߳ŭ̬ͬʱԼ˸ʲôأ 
úˣ˵ûǸ˼ֻԽ ʣͲҪǿ𣿡 
˽ڣǳȥӰɣ˳һ¸顣ƻ ңôشġҪأ 
ã 
£գ˽ڡ 
ұԼʱˣ˱ص׼򣬵Ȼ һ̶ȵĻǸȴ˾͸ûˡ 
ƺһ£üëɫ嵭ɫ ӰǡֵĴڵӣ촽ĨһɫĴ࣬ 
ͻСӣҿڣϴһīɫķ£͹µչ¶ ţ޳ŵĲģȻŮ·ټһͷƮݵ 
һξĸо 
ӰƱʱӰԺΪ˽ڷһõ廨Ҳǡʡȥ 򻨵ΣߴĽӹʱ˵۾Ĭ Ĭ鼸ҳ 

ӰʱŬѹӵĳ嶯ǫǫӵģ òȻΣͦıֱ˿¶ɫǱԣȻЩˣ 
Ѿõӡ 
ԵţţʹһҲסͿ ΪȽʡǮ 
ҼǵԼû˵ʲôѽƭҰɣһţ 촽֮Уòɫʵ 
ô룡ԼġǳŵƵơƣҲ һƬ̹Ȼ顣 
Ȼ˼˼پҾ壬ֱ ʵΪʲôҽأ 
㳤ĺÿѽ 
𣿡ʧĿҡ 
ʱҲ̫ðɵˣһŮ˹ȻܻöԷĺ УҪӮȡģͱȻ˵һЩûʵɡ 
ϣϵʱҸеһΣһӦ еΣʱҾͶԼ˵һҪҸܸʲôۣ Ϊ㣬ĸԸ 
նĻشЧԵУҲһ˿ί Ƿݺص 
ٲˣȻŵģҵȻ˽Լĸԣ ôӦҵҪأ 
ôһ˼һ ԾĻش𣺡ʵҺ˵ˣһвĴѧҲ 
ʱľٶ˺ܳʵֿĸо ʱʵڲ֪ξܾ 
ѵû˵òŮϲƭˣòҺ ҲţĻ𣿣ܰġǡ 
ȻҲӦֻкٺٵɵЦӦȥ 
ؼҵĳ⳵ϣ̽Žַõļͷľٶ Ҳֻ΢һ£ҲˡĽһж 
Ȼʵʩһᣬý˹κη ֱȥá̡һͷҵᱡ 
ҵ˿˫뷼ǻң޼ɵ Ѳ֮̽󣬾ͺĶ㽻һ𣬾һ 
m˳ĸоȫڶ˵ĸд֮С 
û춴ҵʪѳĵİһۡ 
һ˲䣬οӿһεĸеഺĻ 
ҹ 
ڣǾټһӣҲĹţӪҵƽʱ µҸӾӵ 
׵ȵ˳춿ԴˣǺ滹ڣ ͹ͷۣҼҵݶأ칤ǹˣ 
ЩͬѧѵѿһץһѣƽڼðТӣ 찡ҿҪô찡 
ҹ¼ŵȻõӰǰɰĹ ʲôأͷĲͨĵ绰 
ιã绰ͷɤ͵ľһæʩ ΪԵʺ򣺡ңð 
һӾҵЦ˵ʲôʱ ˣҴ绰𣿡 
ĸҰԺûϵһΪأ 
ΣȰƹȥֵ椱ɱ 
⡭˼Ůģô㡭 
Ҵһ˿Թаϲӣһ 㡣 
пһ棡⼸ˡ 
ƭˣһ䣬Ȼ˵òã ȫҪȥԷ 
û⣬û⡣æӦţ漴Լ˼ĵط 
֧ȼʱõٻӰ춳ҵ˵ ı£䵽Լͷϣ֪Ƕôʹ࣬һ˿Цĵ ҵǡ 
Բ𣬶Բ𡭡һֱߣ˺ܾ˰ɡ Ǹ˵ţϸһƣĿɿڴ 
˼Һ˵ءóһҵ½ǣҴʧ״̬ лָŶԲ߰ɣȥӰΣ 
ÿɰС΢΢һ壬ڵͫһת˵ӰҲ ûʲô˼ءǱߵӰɣ 
ӰУΪΪˣ ҷˣһΪܽһļƻҼ 
ȥͷǣת֮ʣ͵͵ȥǵĿˮһ ·߳ӰСꡣ 
ŮȻϲֲƬ@#! 
Ұˡ޻ӡ͡УӰȻ ԼסļУɳϹۿ֮ 
˵ʵڵģҶֲƬģ޷ԼԼĲȻ 񾭱ȽϴǻǱձӺҪֻ߻Ů 
飬ҿ»ŽеĿ־ˡ 
෴ȴһֱýζ·Ѿ鵱УСָǽץ ҲţÿӰƬͻȻֲֿͷʱұܴϸе 
ȻһãҲʱԹӻ棬עе ϣСֱָϻľٶ 
ģҵҲûжôֲˣϣձٴ ĳ棬ŵֱһҲʡȥҺܶ鷳ء 
춱ɵˣӣ΢³һڳ 
ӰƬӳʱڰȴƺûʲ ôӦҿµǸӲǵܣſ޵ķͺ 
촽춰Ͳסؿȼյֱ˹ȥص Ƭ촽 
ҲǿֲӰƬĽƺҲһַʽŽѹ֣û ƿң§ҵĲӣĿ΢أԵĵֿ֮ 
㽫ҵͷ˽ȥ㰵£ɵҵŰĴ࣬ ֮á 
δҵĿĵƳһۣȻʾȥ ӡһ̵ġУһ￴ģȻҲ 
Ҵ£ֻǽƹȥʵ鷿ϣ ĵԡڿƬӵʱҲżתͷһۣȻĴ 
ȥ˵촽һ֣üӰƬһˬֱ 
Ӱ꣬ҹĻѽ٣ý㼵˸˵óԷ ˣʲô˰ԡ 
ļȻʲôŵ˵ ձ֮ĶؼԺԼ˳ 
Ⱥ򣬲ʱ͸˳ 
ҵһ֧壬ȻҾúҸ㣬 ⲻѾõΪԼ 
ɳϿŵӣȴɿڵķ˶ӡ 
ţͻȻסˣⲻҽӽõĳ԰ԭֻ㶺 ֻ⵱ǿеһΪʲôҾȻһǿҵĹ 
СҺСС 
춶ˣһ̷ѳһձִ֪ ҵһЩϲˣȻŪ˸ϲ˵ڵİڲ輸ϡ 
Ȼ򵥣춵ز㣬ʹζϺö࣬ҳ ȴܴиܵõǷ⣬ҵʵ Ҳޱȵļɬ 
õθںС󲿷ʱ䶼עҵľٶӣæ ʵԲڼҺһѳ԰ɡ 
æʳһ֣߰һ߽ͣ ܺóԣܺóԣֻһʱҾȻҲʵԴ ڵ顣 
ֻʲôͷʵ 
ֻֻ̫ˣ治֪ô˵ 
ԭΪҶԷ˵ζ˽ͣ˿ һʯأȻһЦ˵Ҳûʲôֻ㳢 ҵգӦ 
Ȼֹס˻ͷ׵ʹһ˫Ť½ǣ Ŀ͵ƳҵķӦ 
ҷ£ӵ뻳УĴУһƬڷе  
ģԿ 
ڶ죬һνôؼУŮƺԿܵħ ԽԽ벻ͬѧľۻҲһߣֻһ 
ûжĻǿɬǳЦҸеޱȵ㡣 
ý촩һɫë£߸ߵ커סĲ 鷿ë¶ʵɽ壬΢ĺ޳ 
дĽһ޵ĺ촽³ҷϢ 
ҾеǰŮһԲлĸо ȻҺ˹ȥãĳ嶯ȴѹţô 
һ⣬ʱ򲻵ʧȥ˺ŮͬȤҲ ͼгɨء 
ǲɳϣĵĵӣֻֽһ໥ ĦŶԷֱ˼еĿƺҲ 
Ũҵȼš 
ȥģɡ 
¶İӲϹʱĵ绰ͻȻ 
һҵļͷľۻᣬȺСһ ȵòͷˣǴ绰ɫİˡ 
жϣҲͲɵȥǵĵ绰ֱ߹ȥ ߳š 
Ϊʲôӵ绰ԻĿңʵ 
ûʲôֻ졣 
Ӱ˵Ȼ۽ǵƳһۣ Ľߡ 
ҪҵĶӡ󣬲ֻȴҶ ˵ҲԷĵ绰룬ֱӰֻرգȻ˵ˣ˭ 
绰ҲӣҽҪ㡣 
õ飬·ҳʥһ㡣Ҳ̲סеа һáֱȥѹ¡ 
ҵ촽ܽطϺҵĥ䣬ѰӣҰ㽿С㴽 ֻֿڡҵͷ˿΢ 
أʪĿǻ׾𲨲m廬ҺǵĴ ʣʪȵıϢ絽Էϣĺڷ 
Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬춽ǣͷ̧ õĿƺȵ̵Щ˼ֻס 
Ĳӣȵ촽ӡ 
һεȥеִë·̽˽ȥסһ֧ 鷿ŪţòŤתӣ·ĳֿ ŬĲƹ 

ˣҵеŮѹ Ⱥѵľۻ᳡ڲԶһ˼УԶ 
ŭѰ鷳 
ꡫҶ˸ƣϸ۵裬ο 
ȻеԵɣȴҲҵ˼ٷ죬Ƭ֮ ֻԼ˵СĲڣȥ߰ɣ 
Ȼһҵ¥ 
òĶȵ¥ȫûЦ˵ ѽ绰յֻرգֲ˻Ϊʧء 
Ժַңҿɲ֪ôźá 
Ƕˣ㣬ҿǶʮСʱȫ˵ 
õһ˿ϲĹâüģҹ˲϶ǣ һεȥʲжϵĹ 
ǶǺӵжȹ˿ûвҹɫ 򣬵ǶӼʱҪȥʳȥЩȴ 
ȻҪԣұȥӦƷ ɷµߦƤ 
ǱͬһСһţʱӶĻᣬĦ ֱż⣬ĸо˵ﵴõʼպƲ 
ߵģĳȣȴΪµµҲֻʱ רæͷĹ 
ȻҰĽ״죬ټҲûжپ飬Ķ ԶȲգɳȴһζͷϾ 
ԼͶɹЩƼҵĸоҲҸ֮¡ 
԰ǶԵӽĿûȤұõңȻ Щɣȴ֮˴ 
ҽڻУǷϢһǿҵʱ ĳ嶯ܰĸоֻСèһһ 
˹ĥҵؿڣִҵ䣬ȴٲ¶ա 
Ǿӵ죬·޾Ļ⣬ǴԷգȴ 𣬻Ȼʱš 
ôˣҲûȥˡʱʱ ˣλãæߴҿɲұͼ 
ҲȥҪһ𣡡õȻ΢ȴһ ޱȵļ 
ɵѾͷǻһȥ㡣ʱһû õ˼ֱ뽫 
ӣ˵Ҫϰȥˣ һӣʱ䣬Ҫ࿴㼸ۣ 
˵֮㡭 
ֽڰգҵһƬҡԷĸ׼ ʴӣ̬ķչȫƫҵĳԣҸŮĵʱ䣬 
ȴŮӣѵ˵ұѰĶ 
ӵ򣬵ޣǣҵҷ ԣǶҵΣȴһҲûУŪǲ 
ճҵҲúţԼû۵ı ԶĸŮӻῴңֻÿ߳ųСø裺񰡣 
ȾҰɣһˣһ˶ûС 
õĳһӵ㣬Ļ޴͸¶ ҵֱӵĸоûζ 
壩춵õ 
Ȼ֪òȥĻһἱ÷裬һ ΪģֻΪǷұе ѣ𵽵ס 
ȻҲȫûΪҵ°ǹǱжһ ͿΪһˣ㲻᲻ȥ⡣ 
ٴ㴽ʱüþȫң㰵 £ƾҵһ˫ߣʱǶԸ ʵ͹ 
·ʮֲֵֽõ´Ȼ ˳˽ȥƽ̹СϮ塣ҽƿֱӸ 
Ħϸ۵⣬ָĦŶ˵٣ҵĺǻ׳ɳ 
һĿصõıϢ𽥴 ţҪܿҵħ֣ȴ᲻ãÿ΢ƫ֮ 
ת˻͵鷿ҵġ 
ҵĴ֧鷿Ѳ˼ˣתصأָ żڿĵıԵ̽˽ȥ̱ϸݲţ 
ʪ϶Ȼ֪ҵͼȴҲ󱣻ָֻ ѹҵָķΧ 
ҵָ춴⶯ҲһѴȷճ ֭ҺۺйȾʪһƬҵָ϶ 
ĦţƬ򿪣һź춹ĵ̽ͷ 
ᲦŪһ½۵ѿȫһ󼤲ǵ ҵĶģ޷һļƻʵʩ 
ҽ⿪Ŀ˫Ŵ޵ڿ㣬ͬһͬ°ȥ ø̧ѩΣҵĶԼȥҷѹ 
ϣ˳㽫Լ£ѳѪ͵ů ʪѨϡ 
Ҫţѩ׵ĴȽĲ£ţ ҵ˵СѨ 
ģһġһοһҪֿȡ 
ҲŮˣͺ˰ɣҲ 
һʱҲͿˣѵﰮķʽ𣿼Ȼ˵ ٶܵĽӴΪʲôһأҲ 
˼ʱƴֿ˫ֵȴڼװ 
ǼϣòҲܵײ嵽ʲôطʼ ƨɣ֮ţȻûʵԽʱôˬ죬 
ҲܲЩĸо 
Ҳǿȣƺ²ȿʼ´ţѹ Ҵ׳ͷϸļϲȥĿҵԽȼ 
Խңɳ춶أҲֻܸӿٵͦ΢ĵ ʡ 
˲Ūʮ£һȻζĸоӿͣ¶ ϴϢţҲ⼷һ˿ı顣 
㡭㻹ðɣƺҲı仯Сʵ 
ŶװĵĻشš 
ǡҪ𣿡 
ţǵģκһ¶Ҫɡ 
ԥƬ̣һҧ˵Ǿ͸ɣҪúö  
˵꣬ߴ򿪣۾ظٵţȻ Ҳʮֽš 
ȻЩ⣬ɵʱɥʧ˼ֻ֪ °ָʾƬ롣 
ѹ΢΢Ļŭţ֭Һ £ֳĻխǻ 
šţеѼ һҵٲΩ衣 
ǰûϹŮҵûзõۺкβͬ΢˿ кȥ 
ʹôһ˫ֽ߬Ҹ첲ϵļ⣬ Ửա 
Լеʲصһƺĳæͣ ǵһΣ 
ĬĬĵ˵ͷĿ 
ίݣҵһӦȻǣ찡׬أɵ Ŀ滨ĽʱȴĵǸ⣻ǰһΪ 
һŮӿԼ׳ضʮ٣ȴöԷΪ ԼǸŮˣίҲԳܵİ 
ǬϵۣյĶߣ˵Բ ̫çײˣһеһңδҸΨһ׷ 󣡡 
ĵͷ˫ֽҽűסϲỨۿдת ̵գʼĳĵ۰Ĳ Ū 
Ŷû˼ﻹʹءȻۣ ȴ෴Ķѩҡҵĳ壬ҵȫӭ ůۺ 
һŪ飬Ķȴ𽥼أÿһε붼 ĦĿʣҵ۰ 
춷ſеĹǣԽȤ 
ҵŢݺ۳ңͷײĻģܺϵĻ 𽥿ţ³ճ֭ 
ŮĽխҲܳ־ãĿҲͣ ĹײųµСѨҲʹӣ 
ÿζܾûֱӶͷ⡣ 
ãҪ˰Ҵĺţĳ̡ 
Ŷɡɡ֤ɡ ţг鴤 
ˡ˰ǵľҺܷӵһõۺ ҵţҵӲŮС еŮ 
 
 
ʰһУұڴϣϸƷζ߳Ƕ˵ϡ 㷢òҵĶǣϸķҿµ 
ҸٴǹȴϸϸԵǰйѡ 
ҲŮѰûʲôġһʱΪʲôǰ 飬ȻǴŮǰôҲӰĿе λ 
ģǼҪˡŤһ£ȻὫ ѩ׵ĴȴϣѹڲֵСܵϡ 
ŶΪʲôַֿأһƣ ûзĳ嶯 
üѵ³֣ȻҵĻУ鴤  
æı޹ǵӣ԰οҪˣ ȥȥˣڲһչġ 
ҪˡҺҵţ춿˳ 
û۹⣬Ůźڵ ￴öˣ̨ѿڶȴҲΪЧ 
̧ۣɵңô𣿡 
Ȼ泬޵Ůûôõˡ 
á꡹һЦ˳˲ᣬ˵Ҳ֪Ϊʲô ҶôΣȻ˱ŮˣҵѶ֪ģɾ 
һɵıƭҲεΪףǸ ɡ 
Ϊʲôұأ 
˵˵˱ҸʵŮҲҺ ˼ңҪһ治֪ԼˣҲ Ҳ 
Ҳʲô 
õȻȼһ̺죬ҵؿڣźߵ˵ Ů˵ܿŰɣһֱϺǸҲΪԵ ɡ 
ǸʲôǸĸ֪ʵĵ 
ǡǡҡӣ鷿ĥ ȻϷʵ飬ȭв˵ 
Ҳˣ۸˼ҡ 
ҹЦɷ˵ʹӣÿСӦ ϵҲĸĦ 
ҳûֿ˫ȣٴѹȥõڣ ˵ҪǸˣԸ𣿡 
ùϴʾܾȴһٴû볱ʪ  
һƽһߺʵΪʲôԸأ 
ŶҲٴʧܡҲԲҡ Ҿ治֪ôˡ 
ﰵԵͷԭҹ޸ȫǰǰͣͷл Ҫúøл˼أ 
˵淢ˣҲٿЩ£ٵڽխ д󣬽һһĸ߷塭 
ڶһ磬ұ㽫ͻؼȥٱǰҸ Щأȴòʱʰ飬Ͼҵǰ 
ʹһ٣Ķ 
ϣҴһľصУûºȿˮԱߵĵ绰 Ȼ 
Ұ㵽ĶȥˣͲͷý 
ұȥȾƣԲ𰡡 
ˣ˵϶ҳˣϲ ҵԵʡ 
ôأ̫Ѩյ˵ 
Ҳ֪⼸ҶҪڼϰȥ ˡ 
Ǿֻܵ˵ˡķ ɳϣ컨˵ 
ĬƬ̣ʵ𣿡 
룬Ȼ룬ȾƵʱ룬Ҫ绰ģǸ ĵ绰ˡأ˳ںߵ 
ţҲ㰡ҪϰˣϢɣ ȥ㡭 
ҵļھλðĽйȥˡļ죬ÿҿ һȸֳõٻӰԣҵĿѾռ˼ 
ҪλãҲ֪㲻㰮飬Ψһǣ ĺټ 
磬ͷˣС¹һƵĳ˽ 
ôܹˣԻĿһЦʵ 
㿴˭ˣС¹Ц 
˳۹ȥȴһϤӰĴӵſƮ˽ ˼ҹá 
áҶĺһ˹ȥסǶ衣 
õͷʹǰһӺ죬Դˮ۾ߵ͵ƳԱ С¹˵Աء 
һֻ̣§ڻ˼ĻԱ˵ ۹ȴڨڨķſ֣ɵЦ˵˾ͺãǺǣ˾ á 
˵𣿡С¹ʶȤĴչЦ 
ΰ㣬С¹ҵȻÿټƽʱЦҲˣ˵ ̸࣬һ䣬תͷеʵϰ۲ۣ 
ֻۣҪܼ㣬ҲԸ⡣춷 Ů֣̹׵ı¶Լ 
˲ǵһȥӰ𣿡 
ЩõЩε˵а ȥԷģ˵㲻ǺˣҶ 
ˣ᲻ 
˲ҷ·׻һ㣬ԭء 
æ˵õģҵģһʱͻûˡ 
ǡһֱˣ 
úȻݸһЦ˵ҽǸ㣬Ҳμӵĳ˸߿ ѵھҪѧˣʱǾˡ 
ѵ꣡ 
ĵ׿һ·Ԥһ 
ߣൽ 
ĻᣬȻͷϲҹĶϰÿʵʵ ȥϲϰࡣ 
ٴڽһʮĳŮ˽һЩ֪ νĶҲŷһϿǸǳľ 
ӲĵӾһܣټϽ̨ǸŮ ݵظ򵥵Ĺʽһеһжһֶ׿Ҥĸоٿ 
ԱǸģҲɰ̾ԼûȥʦǮҲ̫׬ ˡüҶʹʦܣɿǵԼѧ 
һ˷ɨسž鷳ˡ 
ҿþߣҲǷǳרעŮ˵߶Ҳ ֻܳ˲ע͵͵С֣Ĵȣÿζǵǳ 
Цûתͷңϵıȴ¶⡣ 
¿ᣬҾʹȥҹȻֻһЩֱߵСԣǳԵ ʮֿģӣʳӾ泩Ҳ 
Ǿ˵ġɫɲ͡ɡ 
ϧ۵ʱôĶݣҲⶺ̫ʱ䣬 ҹ֮ᣬٵĸϻؼУٱǰ˵Ķ ˡ 
һϣұһ󼱴ٵĵ绰ѣ򿪵ᣬŷ ǽϵʱָ賿һλá 
ҹģ˭ôʶ࣡ҿͲͷ ˵˵ 
洫С¹ѽ 
ȥ㣬ӰϢ˶Ӧȥι 
㲻ðҡ 
ҹȥôҪû£򡭡 
û˵꣬ǱߺȻһԲС¹ һ㰡 
ãĶ͹ȥΪ첹ϰݿΣҲһû İĹʱ¶ 
ڷԴݣ䣬ͼгᣬС¹һֵ࣬ ͬҹ 
СʱᣬµӲ崲˱ݵϯ˼ֻǻһ á 
С¹ͱԱߵĴϣҲҵĶСģȻ ƤѾҵĴƨҲνɱϾ 
ͬѧС¹ҵͬѧСѨ֪᲻ ̷ 
ҵħѾĵõ鷿Сɵҵĥ õС΢΢ſ³ϸϸĴϢ 
ҼʱĽȥ׺࣬û§ҵĲӣ ķӣƷҵͷĿǻͣķת廬 
Ŀچmӿͬ׷Ϸ 
ҵĴ鷿Ĵָڶ˵ϣĦ ʮϵͦظҸΪŪ͵͵һֻۣ 
ĿգĽë΢΢ԲϻһƬ¶ĵ  
ҵֻļڿȻḧ ķ϶׵ķҵָӹ˿˿ǣָ 
Ღʪⴽů 
΢Ĵ̼Ҳû˫ȻнָĻ Ҳļֻĳ鶯ָĴָѰҵɰѿ 
ᰴ£ȻĦʱõ˫𽥴򿪣ѩ΢̧ƺ ҽһΡ 
ͻȻָȫûϸСáһȴ ס죬ԱߵС¹ȥ 
Ҳ˯̫죬С¹ǱߵҲûʲôӦŷָ ת鶯ůѨȪˮϸ۵мҪ ҵָͷ⡣ 
õĺӼ٣ѩβͣ任λãƺڶҵ ȴӭָĳ塣 
һ󣬱ϵ¿㣬ȻὫתȥ ڴϣֳӱᶥõμ䡣 
ҪòŤӣҴ 롣 
ҰյĶߣ˵ܿС¹㲻뱻 ɡ 
ҵĺͣòٷ˫ֱǰŵעС¹ ǱߵĶ 
ҽõȰ΢һƣڽ޵ ϡ 
Ҫ˰ߴ˿ 
šӦϿ˿صСѨ¶ ҵĹ֮¡ 
ҵϸСڣһһĴڡе ̲ĸоҵԺ 
ҸĦѩΣˮŢ ֱͷ 
΢ͣһ£иļ϶ȻῪʼҡΣ תĦеڡ 
ҵĴһεĽ鷿ղŲͬǿźĹ ʵѾüͦ쳣ҵָõҲͬʱ еˬޱȡ 
ģҵĶȴʼɿг̣˶ ĹͷײĻģ糱֭СѨзģ͡ 
ߵýͷѩȴǰҡڣҵܵ롣 
õĴϢԽԽأ͵ΪҪ֮ʣһԵС¹Ȼ Ӵ 
ҶʱеõӺȻýӲиһţͻ 鴤ЩһйǧҸϽͣ¶ŵڴϼ£۾ С¹ 
С¹ƺûзǵӴֱ䣬ԭ СҪϲһΪҪǵ̳սأһ 
βйء 
ڵȴС¹ٴ˯ȥʱұ㿪ʼĳ壬ƴ ܵӣҵ׳󣬴ĿС 
ȷС¹Ѿٴȥܹ㽫õ˹ ڴϣͲˮѨ 
ƺôܲø룬ȴҲ޷־ãõ ȻסȴҲܴЩĵ۵ϸ죬ҸӵĿܡ 
ƿӣĿעۺгû͵ĳʮΣ ǵľҺͬ߳Ůڡ 
ˣ 
ڲ֪йȥҺõĸս񣬿ȴʼղ ɿڣȴһ졣 
춳˸߿ڽΪ˲õѧϰ㲻ϿΣ ǴڼϷʱ䡣ɵҴ绰ȥʱ򣬶ȴ 
һİ֪һõļˣ̫ţû˵ »Ͳӿһ˿ĸо 
ʱһڵ绰ԱߣΪʲôûнأ ԥʼ޷˯һδ˹ȥ 
ʣڼ𣿡 
ŶҽԺλ 
򵥵һ仰ھ٣һĺƵĲ֪Ʈȥ˺η ĻһҲûȥãȻķµ绰ɳϡ 
ҽԺ 
ÿֲʰôҽԺһǸð֮С ֢ѵС˵ڻᷢ𣿺òҵİŮӣƫ ƫòħȥҵҸ 

ҲҪ 
һ仰ᣬҵӺȻ侲ôַëˣ Ȼ˫ϲڻ뵱УҲʲô밡˵ 
ǰѧУըƽʦͳͳըҾͲȥϿ ˣɵδףԸѧѧ¥ΡȻ 
ʦһϲЦտҲҶһ仰Ըõģʵ ǲпġ 
һ߰οԼһ߸С¹绰֪סԺķ ţȻᴩ¥ 
վڲſڣʶԼʲôҵļ û˵ǣҶǣҼǱʶ֧ֻ Ϊ˿һİ 
͸ϵĲҿڲϵáɫıڸס õΣԭӴ˿ȴޱȲ԰ף΢΢üͷʾ 
ڳ޴ʹ࣬Աߵϣƿеҩ£ ϸĹ塣 
̳ȥһԵŮȴȴ ĸףȻûмɴǽҿԶ϶ݣ 
Ļҽŵ˻ 
ʲô㻹ںʲôöúõһѧȥ ȴȥС̷ûǰ;ڸҺú 
ˣȳԺᣬܼö󡭡 
Уһǰδедǰƾʲô ˼ҷĽŮҸأȻ˵ʲôϰ׬˴Ǯ 
ܷƣҲ֪ԼӱܣڵҸûĿ꣬ ǷϵӣʱԼûûмֵ˻ô ˡ 
ƺںĸʲôȴû˼ٴȥתȥ 
˵죬춳ʱ߽õĲ 
õһۿʱͻȻһ˿ϲĹʣ  
õߣḧĦݵʵô 𣿡 
ۣһ㶼ۡ˵ 
ҵ͵һ飬Ц㲻ƭң֪õǵף Ȼʲô󲡣ɷʱȴ۵ҪǿˣԲҲ 
ҴԵĶɾġ 
ǣǵģסҵ촽΢Ц˵Լ ԭҲѧϰ̫ˡ 
ҵıӿʼᣬ˵ƽ⣬Լ۳ˣ ˿ҡ 
Լϵƻ˵Եˮɣ ԡ 
ðЦӯӯ˵ 
ȡԱߵˮƻƤһȦȦҵһ Ϊ˷ǰֻ֪ȡȴ֪裬鶼ԼΪ 
ΪԸıҵһС 
ƻʱõĿû뿪ңַ죬Ҿ ƻƤһ£ȻûкδķӦɴȴ¶ βסЦ⡣ 
ʵھò˼Ϊתע⣬ʵʲôʱ ܳԺҪ˰ 
Ҳμӿˡҡҡͷ˵ 
Ҳһۣ鲻ڿЦüͷʵ μӿԣ㲻һֱôѧƾ𣿶ϰôˣ׵ķ Ǻܿϧ𣿡 
һϧõ۹ת⣬˵ΪҪ һֵý顣 
ǻʲôܸҲҿ԰æ 
õĿת˻ҵ˫ۣ˵˴𰸣µ Ȼٲ㣬Ҫӣ 
ҵĶȻһ¸û˼׼Ƭ̣ҲΨΨŵ ŵ˵ôȻˣ 
ҲûʲôʵⳡܻţܺԼôȥ ҲˣЩúܸҸ 
ǵǺܸԣֻҪߣʲôҶں Ըÿ°ؼҾܼ㣬Ϊһӵķһ 
һ˳ееࡣ 
ĸףҵĵӿһۺܰҷϵƻ ߹ȥ§ڻУС죬ᶨ˵ӽᣬ 
Ҹһ׷󡣡 
ţı 
òᣬץ˵ļ˽ң֮ £ͬ󣬲ȴһǾһҪһ 
ȶĹ 
ʵõҲĵģֻΪΪѣû˵ѣ ϾǸŮˣܲȥǽ⡣һ 
ֻ֪ԭȲûд˹ҲͺȥڣҾ һĴ𸴡 
첻ˡƾŻܺ˵Ĵѧƾ˷ ȻнˮǺܸߣɻȶרҵԿڣҲ̫ʧ  
ǰΪֻгʺԼӹ̫ ƽȤǣķ֣ʵԼǺƽ 
ÿ찴ʱ°࣬˹ɣ飬 Ȼոµɫʡ 
ò춻δĸĬҲʽΪõѣ ĽļͥȻ˻ҲģȴҲ׷ǰ 
飬ҵ̬ 
Һö뾡飬ɵĸ˵⣬ȴԭҲ ôļ򵥣ҪǹͬŬ٣ҪֱͶ 
Ѽ棬ȡǵϿɣǽҶΪӦ ˣʱٰܾ񣬷ΪǷӳɻ飬 øĸûӡ 
ұΪ˵飬벻Ҫô˵ͬ ⣬ȻҲ˵ĿȴҲܲΪ˫ĸǣһ˼Ȼ 
ȺУҪñ˵أҲҶĶ µʶ 
ҵõĽֵĳΪû˼˵ķԣǾл ȻÿζҪ⽻ڣǴһҵս Լеİ⡣ 
ƽֲܻۣҳһµʱöҵ ̬ȺȻ˸һٰʮȵתտʼĮԸ 
ڵ绰жļ䣬Ҫҷ֣ʼɣȴٲ ϶˵ʲô 
ɵ˽һУͷĹδᣬֻա ɣһֶͲͨǶʱҷ·ʬ 
⣬õٻӰеĵλԭΪֻ ΪĳβһЩòҲ֪ǸԵԶ 
ɹصԼĶУұֱҵãԼ Ҽ̸ 
ô£ҰİŮӾҵߣ ȴеǵľԶԶ 
̧ͷңۿỨ˸Ƿְɣ 
ں˵ʲôѵǰ˵ĻƭҲšʲô ˵ֻҪమκ˶޷Ƿֿ 
͵ƭɣĲ˵Լ㽻 ˵ǸҵļѳƬ 
ôȰ⣬ö˵ֵԭ򡣵ᣬؿŲƽ ŭȼյеǡ 
Ҹ߽һȥڵɳϵε ѹס 
ſңſҰƴȫ 
Ұ㣬Ҳû㰡ŭǿķ 
ýҧҵͷĿǻͬʱ˫ִҵؿڣ 뽫ƿҲķְ鷿ϣͷ 
˿촽յء 
žһúȻһƻҵϡҾȵἸ ʹգĿ׺ݵĶ 
һҲˣС˼ţȴ﷢ݣ ô˵ҽһҪǬһΣҾͲŵ彻֮ʣ ܼҪҷ֡ 
ϵȻߵǰµӢ˲ ָɪɪãƺ̾˿ȻỺ˫Ŀӷ  
·Ůȫҵǰҽ ΢һЩȻٴӣһΣûоܾ 
㰵£ҵͷһ 
ĸĦѩ׵鷿ǵõĺ ǳʱĽӴȻ֪евλ촽 
ƵĶʱﴵ 
šš÷˵ǰ˫΢΢ 
ҹȼ䣬޵һӴһֻ оӹͷϴôʱҲ͵һһλ۴ڻ˳ 
ùͷ϶ػˣȻһͽõ  
ȵϤĸоһݸж ̧ͷʱȴһõ䡣 
۵İȥˮ˵Ǻͺðɣ𣿡 
˫ۣӨۿдתҡͷ˵ҡҡ ҲܴӦ㡭Ǽ¡Ǽ¡Ƕ޷ġ 
ʲô£˵˵ҪұƷˣǰģ ⻹𣿡 
֪ʲô֪ԲԸҲ һˣͺúõİһذɡ 
ʧҵ˼άҲ޷̶Ĳҽ ɳϣۺѨޱĳҵǰ 
ҽڽ۵ϣѹʧУֱ Ļġ 
˫ȼȴεĿס޷ £϶£ĳɰˣйĵ ŭ 
ҿԼںëûۺ÷ ͷһδصĵӹϣ˵Ĵ̼úܿﵽ˸߳ 
Ļӿխøһĳ鴤 
Եĺ㷢 ƮɢУͷҡڻĻߡ 
ֻùͷԽԽ飬侫ĳ嶯ӵǿҡ 
ҵģҿ⣬ŨľҺ һõ鷿ؿڡСһ̲̲İɫҺ塭 
ʮʧ 
ŪǬϵľҺҲûȥǱϣ ΪǵĸŬ 
ҲͬϣǾùɵҵĻû Ҫ̻ؼңЩԻʵôûȥأ 
ŶΣڣҲΪҵĺӲŴӦ޸ң Ҫȫ 
ðҵؿȴеһ 
ôֿˣѵһĺʹ𣿡 
ǵģӵġ˵ 
ΪʲôҪֿأҪиɰɣѵһܼ尾 
ԥһ¶ģ˵㻹ǲǵãǰ ȥöʱҿˡˡ 
׿ʲô˵ 
ҿһùܡ 
ôһ𣿡 
ÿһۣƺԹҵķӦٶۣ˵ʱҺ֣ ֲҽôõأС¹С¹ 
ȴ˵ͼгö˶˵ 
ȥɣȺ飬û¾ͻҥǻ˵ҵĴѧƾ Ǯأ˭ǰ 
š 
ʱܲȻİŮˣҲ ̰ҵļˣҽ§˻˵ ΪҪҷ֣ 
ǵġ˵Ҳ֪άļˣһֱ Ը˵ֵɣǣղŵľٶ֪Ƕôң 
ԣҲͿȥ 
ˮʵζȻΥ ļɻ䣬Ϊͺ֣ҽԶ޷ͻңô 
˵ҥ˲ףֻΪ̫ű˲ŻĿǰ ״ 
Ұ̾˿˵Ȼȥɣһҽģ ģҲû㣬ûǻ£һԼģҵ Ϣɣ 
ϣһҵ˽㣬˽࣬ȴݺݵĳЦ һ 
ҵɵܵܣǸϴõģ 
ڽˬʵЦУһ粨ɢᣬҲΪ ˲ĹʧöҸǰ˳ӦҿڽȻʧ ֪Ǹ 
Ŷášڴϣֹ߲ 
ͦůʪǻң޵촽׳ľһ ɨ 
εĳԣõĿڼԵĽʱҵĿ䣬 ϸϸƷζ 
ϣڳѩһҵ廬Ŀ ˮȾڰƤһˮӡڵƹ£˸ Ĺ⻷ 
һְ鷿һְͷϣƨͦ Ŀǻس鶯ݻͷϵ⣬ʵĴ̼ҵ 
׳󣬽Сġ 
òʱҵķӦ۹зɢ˵ġŪ͵ 飬̼ԽԽǻڡ 
ŬʳȴҲ޷ֳȫ£ֻһס ĸתѹʹҵĹͷи׳ͬʱ 
̦ϵСòۣա 
ҵõĿ£ָ۵꼸£˳ƴ 볱ʪ 
ޡõһŤѩΣҵָڡ 
һͦһ߿õѨеˮѷĳ֣ ͱҺ׵Ľָ롣 
õĿô֪ʵ˼ ֽһָխԭȵָһ𣬿ʼٵĻ  
ܵҵĹҲܳµĶſС죬ڵ Ϣ£Ȼֵ϶£Ū 
ҽҵϣȻһ 
õѱ֪ҵͼȴҲԣ˵ ƵҵϷ⶯¶ۺɫСѨ 
˫ַõ䣬Ȼһ˲忪ܺ ŻڣܵĽӴ 
ø߽һһţѹҵ 
ǿĳˬĸдͷֱӶײĻģ ׳ʵ¶ҵ 
ŬĽͷͦӹڣȻ㰴еů ˫ְҵţѩҡŪ 
ҿԼõгҵ۵ѿ õĶӷ 
áҪŶһõĿз ȫĸ߳ͣڶ壬塣 
˫ץסϵļ⣬ĵһδεĵ򱥺 ˮֵĻˮ֮УȵŢǻݺ ۳ҡ 
õԽԽ죬иǳ鴤ҵԷɿٶȳ 壬һĿдٵĽϲλԺ ߷ϳԡ 
õѩΣ֪Ȥת壬ΪתһȦ ɫľջҵߡ 
ôʱңƺ̵ø룬µѩΣ Ѹ͵ĳ޵ 
Ƕɰľջſõ淢߿ص һӿһȳ̱ 
ҵĹͷȴڴʱӹǰδеĽ ڻнҺӹ 
ʮһҵ˺Ұ 
Щķ꣬ұΪõĽһ˳ĳȥ ȴԼļУһԶ޷Ůӡޡ 
ҺٴͬѧĻϣеҵȻһ һֿν֯һĸ񣬶ߵãǶ 
ɷȴתΪ¶ҵ⣬֪ ԼУһռҪλá 
ȻʱµѣҴϸСľٶУֻ ޵һƷһΪ˸еһЦ 
ûȡѵûеԼ̬£Ȼֽύµ ѣǰᱻһ߿ 
ƺҲ޵ĲѰյҵĶߣʵ ǸŮͬѧǲǶ˼ 
˵ûе¶Ҳ˼ķϣͬʱһٲ Ŀŵĺ޶ӣһƳУȴ޵￴һ˿ʻ 
ʲôüʵģҪ뿪Ұѵò ⣬ҲͲȥ룬Ϊü˿鼦⣬ͬѧƴȥˡ 
ҲΪߣǰʧ棬첢ûֹҴ غȣȻϵҴϢС˼ţȴʼûг 
Ǿ仰˳ 
ιιιǿɲƽô˼أ 
޵ĻΪ֮һ㣬˭û뵽ҽΧиû ûεĻ쵰м˵˼ŮѶûʲô λأ 
˵ģ⡣һ仰˸õɫҲ æеľһڳǬߺĽȥһ Ρ 
ɢᣬñ׷Һ޵Ĺϵ֮£ֻý ǰԴԴĸʾԲκǣ 
ᣬĬƬ̣Ц˵ԭ㻹ôһ ؿɼ˸Ʒ 
ԶԶԣǴȴ󱯹תרŴûۡû ҪĿຢġ 
޵طֻƽһ˿ССʱƣ Ҳ˵յ龰ȫȫڴýϡ 
Ȼһ죬ҵֻϳһϤİĺ룬ȴ ϵҲμɶԡ 
ǡҪӰ࣬ʵ޷ܾ޵룬Ӧǰ 
ԭΪнΪϵ߽ţֻһ ͡촩һǳɫĳȹгģһ˫Ŀ 
ᣬĨһ㵭죬ӣϵ֬޶ˣ˫ ǰ˼ 
أôûҿĵĳ嶯ε ʵ 
Ƿˡ޵ƽƺûʹ 
Ŷ컹ʲôˣҽûж֣ǵķ ҵ֮УҲûʲôɾȵġ 
ɬĴͷ˵ 
İŲܲǷǣҶһʱ˵ 
ʲôֲû޶˵ϵĺθŨޡ 
ȻȫĶûϾ죬ҿû ëֿʼ 
㡭ްһۣգ߷ɬ 
ҿЦԺȴ͵ĸõӰҲΪʲŵ ûڲѣʲô޵ЦѾ֮Ӧе 룬Ҳ̫Բˡ 
뵽ҵЦݽϣεĴ֣ߵɳǰ¡ 
޽£Ҫҵߣ˹ȥ֣ ֻʿԱŲŲƨɣһľ롣 
̾˿תͷ˵ʵҽмҪ ̸ 
Լµ˵ݣǵһ֧̣һڣƽ һʵʲô£ 
У޵ЩŤ˵ҲЩʵ¿ʼ ã 
̴ҵָĻ䣬Ȼ⣬ɵĳ ǰǸޱȵ𺳡 
ú޵ӰоһһԸΪҸһеŮˣ һĽ欣ҵӦȡ᣿ 
˵ʵڻҶ޲˵һоûˣϾõ ŮˣȻ֮䷢̫ıʣ֪ԼУԶ 
һλãǣõȴ޷ܣҲ ʹĻ֮У԰Σһ⣬һ 
磬ͻᡣ 
ʱҵֻȻҽͨ˵绰洫 öɤĶҽ첻üӰˣ𣿡 
绰˿ԱߵޣŮ˶Ϊ֮Ķ ƣɼãֻмѡһҪѡ˭أ 
绰绰ͷòϵĴߴȴĬĬ ҵߣִҵĴϣصĦȴҵĴ𰸡 
ȻҵֳһӢŶԲһϲ Ǿǡ¡βΣҲһͬ 
⣬ѡȴİĳ㣬۰Ů Ҫһ 
ɲǼ䣬ԼľãϾ͵ 
޵ɫʱòҰףӲۿӿӨỨ Ҵ𣿡 
¶һЦҡͷ˵ҲܣҲԼİŮ˿ ĵȴ 
ҴЬ׼뿪ʱ޺Ȼıסң˵ ҪȥҲҪȥ 
Բ𣬡޵ֱۣ˵Ұ һҺҲϣԼҪġ 
Ҫľ㡭춴Ŀ˳ 
Ҫģá仰ŶȥԼҸ 
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м˲ģҲֵС 
ĵ죬Ҵոµװ׼ӭҵʱҸĸæ кѣҽҲ¥гӵĴҺȻǸ һ㣬ʴӡ 
ҲǸ̾Ϊ֮һȻûע⵽ҵĴڣ ֮£Լȥ˷ȣʰһ±ˮͷʱ 
룬ӳȥôãЩӦûϻɣǺǣǼȥɣ ˭øղûء 
յǣһֱŪͷȻûӵһҵĵ绰 ҿʱҲˣֻû˻ 
ֵ˺ð죬Ҳ˾ǵٻأĶ 
Ҷڽľ˵һ 
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ھƵеĻ¸ɥҾŪףΪʲôúõ ˷ҪĥǱɫǱ׽Ūɺ޵Ҫͣ 
ľϹϻҪõ΢ЦҴж֮Ҳ ᱳʹ³ 
һҪҵıԣͷȥȴǿͦ˹û ģȫΪõģŮ˻֣ǵİޱȼ 
ɻҪһĻңһҪͬѧĻǿһ ЩѼ棬̧ͷ 
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˵һֵǧ𣡡Ҳ»֮ҹڴǵ ܹȴ˿᲻ƣҵ 
͸֧Ҫ˵оҵĻ˶ˣټϵڶҪУ ֻһ󣬱˫˫˯ȥ 
ĴúɽĿ£ߴһ ˵ӣ죬һ·ϣ˵黰 
ɽˮ֤֮ 
ǵһվɽ˵ǷʤأһҪȥ Ըұִ 
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µ̧ͷѹõϣ˫̵鷿 ϷۺĻꡣ 
ƺҲ鶯Ļ껺ţҵӭ롣 
ֻ建飬ϵһпհףҽ ľͷϣζǷ 
ִڲµȻûκζǿ ǵĽϣڳʪĦ΢Ĵ̼Ҳ ѡ 
ҰϧĸĦӣϺ촽³㣬 ĻӦҵǣͬʱʼҡŪҵ 
ҽ˫Ȱᵽϣý޵΢΢̧ҵָŪ ѿ̼ 
졭춯ҶĽ˫Ŀԣ͸ һ˿ 
ҰںüƣֻͷУһѵ ̣ĻҪ 
Ŷðô˫ֱסҵƨɣ  
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ҵĹͷεײ춲õӹӹڵļ ׳һ˲ﵽ˸߳ 
ȵҵĹͷ֮ϣǿҾش󿪣 ܶյõڡ 
ϣҴֻùɵҵĻԴ ΢Ц 
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ͻ£϶ʤλĺ񰮸޵ݡ 
ӦòдĴˣȻҲᶼѪȱĶ ϣдĶʤľ飬еĹ£һ 
ŮˡҶԼҪ 
ϴ˵Ԩ˵һζ׷Ű˵дĶӦ òν֣ΪаҪ˵һ˲ 
ܱΪǵߵаκκ¶Ϊ ڲͬ˵УȴвͬĿ 
ᣬ˵һԼëҲϲǰһЩע˵ ʱʳ߿ǲԸ⿴ڣǺܶԲһ 
ڻûиıľ򣬲֡ħǱĻ ʳ߱ܿΪ 
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